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һ ʬҰ



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ԼһƬɭ֣üͷŻЩ쬵ĲӣΣ𡭡
ܣȴڿԶĵϵʱסˣ̧ţЩٵ˹ȥǸʱȫ䡣
壬׼ȷ˵Ǳֳʬ壬ɢض˵ϣѪԭӣ˫ΪжѪ۾ôţȥˡ
Լµͷ­ͷʹͻȻֳǰļ䡣
ͷŴ˿ȥʮʹࡣ
ʶ쳤Хһڵϡ
ˣˣ
ɫֵͷһѵκòԻ񣬺޷غ˾綾ľƣʶֵͬܣȻҲͬı
뵽ʶǰЦǻŭ
߬˫ȭҪйߣȴָմʹ˹ȥǴ޻һ㡣
֡Լ֣˫Щ͸ȥµ棬ֱӴӵ洩ȥͼȥץסϵʯӣʯȴġ
аΣȴκζ
ЩɥڵϣԼʬ壬ͻȻЩ¹ӣ˾µձȨ󽫾ɳսĽҰ룬ᣡ
֮󣬸ô죿һʱ䣬һ¹ϵû⡣
䴫˵ɹ꣬ȥܵظΧЩͷΨһ뵽ģǵȹȥͶ̥

һ˺Щ죬һһ걻ߣȴȻʽЩԡ
ĵ죬˵·롣
һ£ŹĹ·ֱϵĳָסȥ·Ұÿ·ҵȥҪͶ̥ʱ
ûпıһ㣬ֻؿڴ˵죬ʱߣ
¹ɵúЩɤӣȣ˵ȷʵӦȥͶ̥ˣֻЩ⡣
⣿ʲô˼۾¹
ͱĹ̫һ
һﲻһ
Ȼԩٱˣ㡣ָʬ壬㲻ʬʬҰʬûԩ꣬ǹ磬ûа취ߣ

ʲô¹ȫû˼
ֻؿŰ޳Ͷ̥ķ
ģҲֻⷲλˣʮ죬ɢˡҡͷ̾˿
û⣿
ǵظĹأǲΥҪ֣ҲֻܹǸѪĸ硣˵ʵôǣôӯ֮ˣȴûԼ׵ܷܵʬʬˡ¹΢ͬһЩļ򣬡ģˣϻǴһʮĿѡ
ʲôҪͶ̥ס¹졣
ΨһķܰƴãʱȻȥͶ̥
ǣﱾŪ°ͼ˵Լʬ塣
ǲԸ˼κ顣Ǹﲻ㡣ʼ磬ЩΪѣܿ;ΧˣԾشһ£˵ʱʲôˣʬأ
ˣһܣŭЦУ
¶Ҫõķ밡ҲܵͶ̥ʱ䣬㾲Ȱ
ֻǰͻȻһ̣عʱ򣬹Щ˲ʧ١
Ź뿪ĵطû˵һ仰ɡտաֱ˫ȴ͸¶ˬ顣
֮İ£ÿÿסȥ·ÿιܹѣʱˣҲû˼ȥعʼԼʬԣʬ
ƪ쳣ɭûʲô˸ҽ룬ѵмҽģڿһֺֻ󣬻ᷢɱƵļĶӣԽķʱˣԽԽأһ˫īɫ۾･ȾѪĺ⣬ԩǶٿֺ
˼ԽԽ磬ڣûз֣ʬһֱҲûзֹ·ʱʱԽԽ
ӵʵ̫أǿϧˣ˵ٵЩʱգͻˣϧˡ¹ҡͷ̾Ϣš
ɱʲô֮ģһ佫ɲһĶ֣ЩĺáһԵĺ¹æѡ
ٸЩʱɣ˵ʲô˰ء
ĽҰģʲôˣСףɲҪ鷳Ȼ޴ɲý
֪֪Сڣٵһɣһ֮ǲУǾͰˣϾҵĹ
¹ô˵¹Ҳö˵ֻ̾˿ðɣٸЩʱ䡣
š
λŹ뿪ˣǶ֪û˻ʬֻٸһʱ䣬ֻҪһˣؼ佫Ҳûˡ
Ȼ˭뵽ʣһ죬ȵˡ



ڶ ռĿ



ȻԼʬţʬھʮȻûиãⱾӦֵ飬ĴԻ粻֪ԼʲôΪʲôֻ֪ڵһˣȲȲĻ͡
ͻȻŹֵ˫۱ͨ죬ܿʼ磬Щԩ궼µض˷Ĺ
ͻȻһоֹˣһλƵĺɫӰƬ
ڽ۾ʬƿǸӰǸӰǡһؤ
ȫãģͿʲôӣȫ£ΨһȥģҲֻһ˫ĳ۾ģʮֳγûᡣ
Сؤ߽Ŀʬϣǰ鿴ȴڿʬƬ󣬡һ˳ͷˡ
кԭһ˿˿ϣ۾ְȥ
Ȼû˻ԳЦš׼ԼĴԣǻȥԼ塣ڴʲôֻǾԭλϣвӿ
ɱɱˣΨһͷ
ΧʼǺƺҪ˸û
еҪɢʱˡͨһž˺ѷεĿԡ
ûߡĺͻȻһɢЩѵץסԼһ˿ǣתڵϵСؤ
СؤҵشѪֹסؿԡ
üͷǰ˿
Сؤ˺ܶѪ˿̫ˡ
սȻǴ򣬵Ҳ֪֮ʲôӣȷˣ˶ã
ٿؤһ£Ųȫɪɪȫû취
ҲǸˡҡͷ̾Ϣ
СؤĿƽˣĨĨԼǵѪֿ˿Щʬ飬۾һӣ˿ûʲôµģҪˡ
ΡΡӣ߽ǸӣֽĿתЩķѵʬ飬Ժھˣָ̣
תСؤ¶ɻȴ˿ӣԼ϶
׹ӵôԭؤԼ׼ġ
һ뵽һؤ󶼻ΪԼ׼Ĺ߸ϵүȴԼֳʬҰɢֱҡͷЦ
ǲ
СؤֻһһԼٶȷǳԼ°ͺķ˲һʱ
ڰԼ°ʱѾˡ
Ϣһ׼ٸԼŸţͿԴ
˵ʵĳಢ෴ǷӢˡȻ˫۾һֱûգΪжԭǺɫģȫ뿪˵СؤͻȻ;òֲˡֻǾֶ֪Щ̫ϧˣúõһˣôᣬôÿ
Сؤ֣˫Ϊ۾
ֻʬ屻ؤָϣȴʵʵڸܵؤƵ¶ȣģģȴú
ͻȻʪʪģһȴԼᡣ
ǡ겻ȴΪһСؤЦԼ
˼Ľֵ֮ͬܰһƼˮСؤȴůݵһǰ׻ˣ
ϣͶ˼ҡؤ֣࣬Ҫͷеģִ˹ȥҡҡͷվһߣ׼ؤ֤ߣҲʧˡ
û뵽ؤȻͣ˶תҪϵ
ʲôؤüͷ
ĻؤģСؤõʱ䣬Լϵˣӿ˳
ҾʱԼˡؤʬ˵
㡭СؤЩΪżĻܳŵסԼһ
ؤ߽ʬ壬ھӴ磬ҾһӦȰˡ
ɴԼ۾Щ㵵ؿСؤ
Ǹ˵ӦûٶЩӣ֮ǰҾÿ԰úðᣬҼ죬һӰԼˣȪ·Ҳи顣ĸ֣һһķŽ˿棬ھӴ磬̫ˣҰƴһ°ɡ
Сؤܿ˿ƴӡӣһůϥڵϣһ˫۾ؤ
Сؤĺ棬ʬĸֽ˱ȶԺһƴãĶͷѾ˺飬һҲͣЪȰƴˣŻһѾʮӣˣ깤ˣСһ£˿ӣ׼
Ķûпʼͣÿôҳܲ棬磬һ£ȥҵˮϴϴ㳤Ӣɸɾźá
Сؤ仰һ˵սҲǱͷһᣬٴ£ǸˣҶȫ
ؤȻٶ˵㻰ЧҲܸߣˮʬϴһñȽϸɾĲʬϣͺˣ磬㰲Ϣɡ
˫ֺʮСؤʬºڰ㻨һʱŽˡеĻҳؤִõ·ͳһСľƣķͷھӴ磬һһСľƣĹɣҲ֪֣Ĺϵ־ֻǿյˡ
лڽԼΣ˫ϥ˵ϣСؤؿͷʱ˲ɢһա
ʱһֻͻȻļϣһץֻ֣ԵؾҪǰˤ
𣬱ˤҡɫæ
ΪϤͣ˶תؿŰ¹ʲô
λСؤȫתͶ̥ص㣬߰ɣʱɲá
޳˵վǰ棬˼ȴϣתͷȴڿǸؤߴٵЩ߰ɣҲ
ͷһ֪ӣţҵ




 ҪһͶ̥



¹ûҪ˼Щżˣ㲻һֱҪͶ̥ôˣ
ֻƳһ۰¹˵Լ
ǶûмԷôԼ
ңһΪʵκԸ˫ֱ󣬲ȥ޳ؤȴ͵ģѾһͶ̥
ȥͶ̥˵Ͷ˼ҡʱŭ޴ˣ˵ᱻͶ
ĻƺûбϣֻתŰ¹˽ջ¸õ
⡭ְ졣
һֵǺڰ޳˻¸أ
¹һ⻰ʱʹ˸飬飬ô֪
ֻʱ俴ʵû뵽ظĹٲҲ˼Ĺٲһªϰ𣬵ڰ޳ǶԼĲм
㣡ȷʵ̰ƣҲչһЩССĻ¸ԸĵǰªϰһֱСڰڻƫƫѸүˣζе߳ŭȻ㲻ԸǹԹԵߣǾֻǿˣӲ˵
ҪֵʱһӰ֣ѹס
СڣҪңҪһһɫƣ޳ŭ
ĪҪ嶯޳ѹס֣жʱ䡣
Уڷͣ޴Ҫǹ޳ҪԼֳɺ޳ȴǲá
Сף˵ף鶼Ĺİѱϣ޵ڣñ˿Ц޳˵˰ѱ֣ð޳Ƭ̣˼⣬⡣ңҲû뵽
޳ˣæֵʮ࣬˹»Ұıϣ̣ǵȻȥˣץץǵڹʮա
޳תʮòع˹֣С²֪ͨҴǸ
šֻǵӦȴź޳ġ
һ£޸ȷʵҪ̣ҲҪʮ죬ԣСؤ죬ͬģӦҪ޴ǰ˵Сܻߵ顣
ԡͷͬ޳ľ
Ǿʹ˱סؤ֮ʱǻߣ˵գ޳קŻЩ״̬İ޳뿪ˡ
˽нԶıӰ΢΢ǣת׼Сؤʲôȴڵķߡ
ˣڣʱ仹ԼġĹ󣬾͸Сؤĺ档
˵Ҳ֣ԭûа취߳Ƭɭ֣Ҳؤ˵ԵʣȻҲܸؤȥˣؤƮƮȥȴǲ֪ؤҪЩʲôֱࡱһ֪ؤǶˡ
ǰǽʳү֪ӵʹ࣬ɴЩܻ꣬мһٱһٵʱ򣬶ίʵܣظСؤĺ棬õ·֪ûǮôЩʲôأ
üͷ˽Ų˼ǼؤֱϾһ˱ʹͼĥģοһжˣ
Ƭ̣ȴǰһõ񶼳ƲϵġӡСؤ˽ȥ֪Ӹؤļˡ
ֻüͳţٶһЩéݺõĲȻսʱס񣬵ҲġҡůõĵطЩԸԼĲӽȥؤԼĶˣѾſˣвȥĵǸ¹ϵˣֱӽȥˡ
ڲûңֻһʯͷľͷ͵ݶĴ㱡̺ӣһСԼһʯͷ̨СˮȵģûпʲôʳĶСؤʰʰĶڷŵĵͦģȴ벻ۡ
СؤƺѰʲô߽һȴڰһƬľϡ
̫ˣһ㶼ȥ֣ܹҪˣͿܲܺһЩڵһЩԵġľúСؤƣӣײײߡ
֪ľȥҪʲô档ȻСؤһյͣǸ̶ľ
һ¡¡¡СؤþڵʲôӿĶֻһССֲ
áؤ˷ܵغţ˫ֲŽССףַһԣһһڳ˼˼ˣЦݣ¶һڰϵСؤ·ǣԼСߡ
ңҳһ룬Сڴ棬ȻַС棬Ҹװ룬졣
ţСؤʵĽɱˣԲͬģĶˡ
СؤӦĺãǰҪúáڵֻһƻǣʲôô죿
ԣȵȣԼӡƺʲô٣ܸо˫ŵ棡
ǰЩ죬ȻԴЩ磬ƺڰ޳˵ԼٲͻӡУƺʵ壬ԴˣϵȻȥˣƺ
ȥµ棬ԼֲǴ͸ȥȷȷʵʵظܵ档
۾һĿͶСؤϣ߽ؤҪȥεĳȴЩʧֱֻӴ˹ȥƺܴ
Լ°ͣߵСʯӡ
ͻȻһһ˫۾Щ˷ܵؿСؤ뵽˰취Сؤ۾࣬ﻶسСؤ˸
ڶϣСؤԼġСݡǰһŻë߽һֻѾӣ



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ؤһӾûôԹ⣬һֻӾԼſڣľ֮󣬾ʣ˻ϲæӰƤľͷˣڻ濾
һֱΪǲԸ÷òˣλøһЩӿ͹֮ⷢƣӵһСΣְѴӸҰһζʱˣСؤֱˮ
ʵǵȲˣֱӴǰȥԣͷһ⣬ȴ̵˻˻˻˻ֱۣȴЦ
̫óˡ΢ЩˣСؤڷĴ󵨵سͷһγԵζʳھͿһѣȴճԲ
ؤѱ鶼¶ˣЩģȴԾı飬ҵһ˿ŵĸо
ԴˣСؤŵЩӣҪЩõģ˼һ
ļСؤǿʼĳԷˣ˺һСȣСڣСڳţһû꣬һȥһֱȥ£С
Сؤ˴ֻӣǳԲˣطӡ
ˣҪˣԼòӣȥ
ؤ֪Լʱ޶࣬ѿøھӴ磬ټӰѾϹԼ֮ǰԼĿںã
Ȼ̫ٶ̫ˣ˺ܾãȴֻôһ㣬۵ֱӣżȳѪʵûоˣֻƣӻؼңҪڡ
нԶıӰüͷ
ҹؤ˯СؤʵĲӣߵǲĿӱߣһһ°ؤ

һ죬ؤǰ˵ɽҰó֣ԼڵĿҲԽԽ󣬾ԴٱˣҲܿڰ
ôôңûпӰЩ֣ȷʵҲҪŪףѾû˼ȥ˼ˡ
ڰĿ֧ص˵ϡ
˼ѪΡΡس˫վ˿ѾںõĿӡ
ӦȥģڻԼˡǡЩԥѡ񣬡һҪٳԼ⡣
ؤؤڵ壬ȥ˾;û취ٻˣĻαؤĶ飡
߬Լ˫ȭҪǰסؤؤȴֱӴ壬ײײȴʮּᶨ߻ԼСݡֿ˼ڣȴûˡ
ҡûˡؤᣬļҪͻ۾ĶЩۡ
ϥؤߣȻ֪ؤҲǹվ
ؤĸ첲Լӣվû߼ֵڵء
վվ޴ؤҪȥôȥץֻǴؤ壬ҧԼ촽˫ͨ죬ȴҲΪ֪ؤѾûˡ
ͻȻЩڣԼҲӦøؤЩɽҰã룬̰˼䡣
ؤڲǸ߸ϵүֻǸȥģͨĻǣʲôˣ
ɶ񣡡֪淭ȴΪ
ڵϵؤһһ۾һһֱһ죬ؤһ΢زŵ󣬡ҡ¡˭ܣҡ
仰ķһٿؤʱؤѾ˿
ҶΪ»ҰԼ֣ٴȥԴؤһβУΣβΡؤ֣ûȥΪʲôֻǱؤѸܡ
ɸճСݡûڰ޳͵סȥ·
㲻ܸԤעҪСݣΪλ꣡޳
ΪͶ̥ת˫ĿԲŭӺڰ޳λ⣬
Щиؤһڰ޳ʮ
վס޳ȴзӦקŷ㶵İ޳ȥ׷ȥͶ̥Ȼɷ㣬һֻͶ
ֻЦߣΣܱöתͶ̥ҶԸһ⡣
㣡޳˵ʲôȴͻȻƹˣСף
Ȼǲڰ޳˵ʲôֻ㽫ؤԼʮɵĹؤܡ
վסСף
ڰ޳Ļ䣬͸еһ׹žһʹĵôʱʵʵظܵʹ
ǻǣһ׻ֻǡͷһ̵ɴ۾еȻΪ˻ҽֻʣ´۾һƮƮĻǣ

ſ£ڰ޳ţеȫ飬ãڶҪͷѻؤ˳ȥԼӲ˵ڶ׽٣
ڶͷѾ߻أ粻תͷһֵؤ˵ʲôȴ۵춼Ųˡȥֻڰ޳࣬ƺʲôͷҪѿˡ
ȵڽһ̾Ϣǰ޳ġ
ҵ׽٣Ҿͻɣղ屻׻ˣҲᣬһˣתͶ̥㣬һΪһΡ㱾ôǱӦκˣֻҹꡭ
ꣿʲô˼ץס޳ʸͻȻ׹
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һкӣѸ׼ҩ̴һһԵ衣
ѵһѻ㲻״׸
߾ʧ̴ӣЩ죬Ƭ̺󣬲ŵСӣ
ӣˣǻ˺ЩˣӸˣСһʰŵϱԼ򷭵裬һ߿϶Ц
û
仰һС̾ͱɫӣӣūչ˵Ĳܣ˵ǣūһģūһɣ
㡭Сӿصģ̫ѨʹҪֻ̧ӣȴû뵽һؿȴĵۣͷ˿ȴԼؿѪʱˣ
ӣǵˣǰū󽫸սµС͵Ϯһؿڣ˵Ҫƫͷ˿Ĵϸͣ͡
ˡֱӽСû˵ڵĻ
ūŸūŸСӹڵֱͷ
˵ʵͷ鿴Լƺ󣬵˵šսЩ˵س̶ȣܿġ
ūšСӻ˵ʲôȴֹ̧
ȥɣˡ
ǣүūŵΪҩ
ѻ˵ڶ顣СһۣСӱɵ̾ͷˡ
ū̾£
šصͷְһжٿеĸоʵ̫ˣȵȣ
ӣʲôԸ
ҲһߣҪúþһ˼Ӧū֮ߣ
⡭СȻЩΪѡ
ţ
ūȥǴߣС뿪Ӫʡ
š
˶뿪ˣŷӣԼϣ˼ӿ
ļ棬ӦūͶˣţȻڿū
ĪǱʶ޺ؤȣΪ޳׽ٵЩ鶼ΣӦһδڣսĻ
Ϊ֮Ҫȫ֪ܾԼӦöʮ壬սػʳǺȸƣͱʶɱˣ
Դ鶼εĻѵػһΣ⡭
Ϥİɫʶ˼ãھʵ֤һԼǷ
ϢƬ̺ټ˼λ󽫣ͬս¡
£ˣӦٵգھˣһף̵ĽʿЩǵؿʵ
޷ūƽڿݲñϢңƱԼĪҪ̫ġۣе
ļУƣλҸ嵨ĽʿΪһ˿սõó뻯ֻϧսۻ壬ղ˱߽
ѶԼϧãȲǼǲģһĸʮ־ģſҲ˾ء
Ʊһ㶣ȫͷԣ֮ǰ̬Ⱥ䵭ҲԸȡôһ̬֮ȾôǫˣȻҲûʱĻĸ˵мˣæǰȰ
£ѾˣҪʲôʧҵȸôϽӪϢɣҪʲôʧĻҪͷػʳˣɲһˣһСҪչ˰
һüͷ̾𣬡Ӳúܣڻûô
⡭⻰һ彫ֱӾͱҭסˣ쵹˵ˣΧʿǼҲû˸˵ʲô
ˣλ۽ս°ɡȻ֪Щʿǵĵʲô
ڵδΪ󽫾Ϊʿ¹ӣ˵ֻҪսɣ
֮ǰʢ󽫵ӣִҪؿһиʲôʧĸλƾͿԴȥˡ
ǰȻЩĽʿɥϾǹҵĶ֮ţеҪ֪ԼǷҲ͹˲ôࡣôεĴս˵ܹսʤ飡
ڱصãеĽȴ亹ֱðֻδڵĶӱٳʲôӡ
ū˴εı𣬲ϼеĳԼļ⣬ҪƶйūΪļ䣬ūҪʵã˵ܵз
ūŴʧһٻū˵ѵû࣬Ϊнŷѳζǣо๥ĺô
뷨ȴ;þɳƶ㣣ټᣬҲǳĶĿ࣬Ĺ۵ȴûбλʿɣ
죬ȭһ˷ԵүݣôϡԶߵĽǰȴҲ˵ϻοΪȰˣûһ˵
սı϶һߵģλѾ¶˾ĹоˣҲֻҡͷ̾
λ治ԶһΣ
۽Ľ󣬻վ˳ūս֪꣬оսʽȷεū
ˣͻȻһһ˫ͻȻأ
˵һ㶣ܵɵȴȼһСŻ˫ֱȭڣͷ
ڽʿһæֹɣɣ

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šͷӦȴǣֻСӣ
ڣкηԸһԹţĲǲ
սüͷ˵岻ʣ͡
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ˡ⻰һڣͱԴϴһƣЩɻ̧ͷԼӣӣū˵ò𣿡

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һ뵽ڽֱ֣ⶼûôԹ;ᣬǲĶ˸еĴҪؤ˵ҡʱʵʵڵİ
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һº󣬴صʳǣͷβ񻶺ȸԾӭǹӢǣϸڹͣٹڣǲ˵



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ܶ˿ۺ죬Ҫѵһղ㣬˭֪ЩһֱֺղӿĺܽǸ²ֻ֣ղԻүү糯
ڼȻСֵԭΪղ㣨ϾǶˣ̴չ˲󲿷ԭΪҪһӦô
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۾һ˿壬վߵԾطһֱдֵղ㶼Щԣ̧ͷɻؿղͷղµͷһһд
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뷨˫ȭ߬ɫˢףܣǶıôܻᣡ͵ҡͷҲ鲢һ뷨ʶ¶޺ֵͬܣʲôģǸʣʶµȥ
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ӣ⣬ôܲİ
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һжװú׼İ򿪴һԾ
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ղˣЩɽҰζԵúˣӹǵģʱʱ̴̿Ц⣬ֻҪǽ˴ӣе˶ῴղ㷢ֱŮͨԡ
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Ҳ˺㣬ԶɣҲкЩˡСбܶŵʱͳԲٶǾˣȴΪһֱգԺģֻǿιЩˮҪٲԶɳŲס
Сӣʵ̫ˣ̫ʵܲջ󣬺ཀྵһС֮ͰŲӵղߣôһСڡ
ôһС֮ͣסˣӳһֱȵĸ飬֮ǱܶץÿֻܳԵСڷʱԹóԵĶˣͰͷս档
ˡСܳԶˣղǸˣıһѡ
ңҲ
ɡղˬشӦˡ
СվսСܣҪȥ˭֪СͻȻ̧ͷ졣
Сŵøæֳ˻ȥ
޴࣬չһ·Ҳ׼ң߹Ƥëɲ
ΪΪʲôСվúί
ܣ㲻ϤղЩεЦ£ȴСܼѣСܵëʵ̫ˣúóԣȻһ쳤󣬸ү¡
ʱ򣬿ľһĻȻɴղ۾ǻƯģһЦһСܣȥۡ
ղ㡣
үˣСѾԳԷˡ
ţǰСܵ£еǲ̫֮࣬󣬸ϴ衣
ǡ
СտűҲըëСܣԼܵ˲ƽĴΪʲôͲ
Сٴζ죬޴࣬ûҴ򲻹𣿣
ղ㣬ȥҽݣסҶҡ
ŶõġղСֱܳ࣬ӰܸģССģڻ浹ͦ
ǼҩģСܳԱˣͻȻͷԼ˿ڲôˣңû˯
ﰵãļƣôʵֲס⣬ô˯ˡ
ʱСܷԼһİķ䣬˯һĵطû˯ôĵطؾʹ˸˭֪ϵ˿ڣ۵ֱС
ʱ򱻴ˣؿˣȴιղ㣬ղֶһ࣬Сܶʱ־ԼˣξҲࡣ
ղǰƳȥ
ôˣԵûܺð
ҲŲҩ࣬Ȼ㡣СӣаԼҪסҪס
ղ㲻ĵҨһߣ϶ˣҧزϳ
ʱ򣬷ֿˣ˽ſյղ㡣
ʲô飿
үҲϳࡣ
ңҵ֣ʲô֣޴࣬ٸȡһְСܡ󣬺󡱿ţղ
ţôˣ˴һۣԭצĴˣʾðࡣ
⣬ļƣ̫óˡֻҪһھͻô࣬ôֱԹˡ
ү̫ˣһͳԡ
ܹţ´βԣࡣ
ٴε˴һۣһ£˺ҲҲԶˡ



ʮ 뿪



ڣһȺಲƤ£űӵˣŻһһץš
ҽûʲôˣҶ£ڼϹţ׼ɹһЩճƷȴȺ˸³ץס֣Żʡ
ûмˣ
ʲôˣҶ迴ϵһ£ָܿû󺰷
ϲʶ㻰ء󺺺ܲͷҶ¡
ʶ
ʶôʲô
Ǹÿ˶ܶ࣬Ҫúһ룬ȷʵǲʶұʰɡ
ʱ䣡󺺲غһܿȥһѯʡ
Ҷıק䣬⼸һۺٴڽй䣬һ̯Щײ־־ڿ̧ͷȥЩ󺺣ԶˣŲһߵС棬첽߻ҽݡ
ҽݵĸղùţڶŪҡ
ҲǸճ࣬ʱΪҩЧûţȴ˵Ķ֣ʱʱӣͣ˯ֱŪѣŪֱ˯ţҪҧȴְҷֻ޿ڡ
ʱ򣬷ű˴ƿɫЩصҶֱ߽ӡ
̧ͷڲٶԴ¶֣Ҷ衣
Ҷɫԣæʵ˺£
ղ֣Ƿˣ
ˣǰһֱʱսɱ弸ʮˣ˿һĹϵҪ˵Ƕ˵Сˡûϣ˶ûε
룬ޡ
ΪδϵЩ˶ͯҶ»ǰ
ǣпۣе㷢ڡ
֪Żղ㣬˵Ļʦǲҹά¹ӣ䲻˵ò˰Ҳٷ磬⻭ȴС۾ӣ°͵ģʵǲҲ̶á
ղҲЩ֣۾ռ˰ΪʦղϻɴԲղ㡣
Żžһ£ϣȴǵҺղеʲôˡ
˴һ£ƺǼʳһԵˣһϴҮӾױţ˵ɱܶ죬д£
ԡһ˵֣һ˾ǼˣﶼǸͨ籨ŵĻɫ
д£
ţȷʵСҲǴܶɽկȳġָѾ˯ŵС̵
Ƿ˺£
죬Һղ·ɽղڼʳiȥĸȫҶ衣
Ҷϣû뵽¹ĹղַģҶὫ氲ȫͳǡ
ȴ侲쳣ƳϵĻ񣬵Ļҵǲġ
ҶﰵţЩŵҲƽ˳Żո̫ŵûоãڿţȴʵ˵Ļʦһûס͡һЦ˳
һۣæסԼ죬Ǹղֻ֣⻭ʵǡ

ղȻǲõģͯ
˵ɴȡ˾ǡ
ⲻ̫ðɡҶΪղΪ°òªŴɴǰɴȡ£᲻Сͯġ
û룬ȴղ㣬ɴȡ°ɡ
ŶղӦϰַԺȥɴ
Ҷﱾ׼ҪԵһųªȴû룬һұµôһźÿô᳤ϣˣҶ軹ǿˣ⣬⵱ͯ𣿡
ǻм٣Ҷһۡ
Ҷĳ֪ղɴԭˡѵõˣǲñ˿ȥҶ迴Ц
ȡεؿղ°ɴϣҶ˵òðղò˿Щ˵УȻҲҶ衣
ղȡֺҳǾͿɣЩ˶ϲġ
ǵ˴ˣںǵĳڴҪ˵ܳǣҲֻղԳȥղǳȥοạ̊́һȥͻᱻ֡
⡭ҶĻҲЩѰ죬Щˣǲµģڻ񣬱ȻҪľõģ汻Щץס¹ӵݣ˸ΪĻݾͻᱩ¶ⰵҲû취ˣʶǻ
ҶգܿҶĳܰղ뿪˴ղֲõġ
ŶüҶ衣
Ҷָղָ˵
նȥüͷ˼Ҷ˵ˣ˼Ƭ̣ŵù
Ųʹˣ϶㡣
ͷǾͺá
ԭҶҽݸһżӻ꣬ϰʱ˽Ϊ˲һֱܵͨ⡣
ϣղʹ̴ܵ뿪˺ǣڶ죬Ҷǣ˵¿ƻγ˳ǡ
һȻڳǣѾǵˣȻôҲҲˡ
СϵҶ裬Ҿͱղ㱧ڻе˯ͻȻͷϵСǷǳģѾʲôڽӽ
ۣŲԶȻҶǣС
Ҷ֡˫ֱȭ΢΢ҶǷлҶְæΧ
ʦܵĺѣ㣬ȻӦõġǵ¿ӡҶ轫ݸղ㣬ղǣСңѴҷСϱŵĲ档
ҰŲıߣƺ뿪ղĻЩ⡰󡱽
ղ㡢̺¿ӣҶֿǽеʵҶĳһ鲻ס
Ҷ뽲
̣Ҷĳ⣬ΪҪźղʲƵ¿
Ҫšֱ˵˵
ԭˡҶͷ˹һ˫۱ؿղֶСͯ⡣
Ҷ̾룬ҪٽЩ뵽һ£ô˵ţҲֻҡͷˣҲ
ҶֻЦҶĳǶãղֿСͯͿ˵ģɲ̫һҪҶֵ⺢ԴղҪúÿʱ
Ȼ
ĵһʳǣõĶ
ʱҲˣҶ֣Ǿʹ˱ˡ
ղ֣أػʳǵ;Уҽݺȱ衣Ҷ˫ֱȭǷ
Ȼǰȥݻᡣͬ
ղ㣬ˡת뿪
ǣүҶˡղҶǷǷǣ¿ӸʧҶҰС
Ƕֵ͡ҶЦҡͷⲽسȥˡ



ʮ ϴ



ЩӻָĲϵ˿ڶѾˣҲ˺ܶ࣬ǶԼĲҧҧȥҪѲҧͨˣСҵȥ
ڣǰ¿ϵļֲи±ҧˣûüϲܴһˤ˵ϣˤͷۻ֮ʣ㱻Сҵ¿Ӹˡ
ÿ죬ŴһڵϹһȦǰȫˡڿɶˣĵڵҪ˭֪һһŶϣûʶʲôأŵŨŨĳζСצӸհѱӸסղ
ңôӸҧˣ
޴࣬ΪӾס𣿴ûղ㣬ҪĲ湰
ӣҺķˡղҪѴұմŵһ磬ؤҲЩ
ȥϴ衣ƳһС̣زٿڶۡ
ǡŷŵĳζղһסӣһһסҵĺ⣬ЩذѳһЩĴҸȻֻһĺ⣬ôֱֱţǷѾشȥӱߡ
ţȻǲϵģĸצһֱڣȻⱻŲʹһֻܣôִ
⵼ղʱҡһΣʵץסܸˤ˺
֪֣ôɵ㶵ǴӰлͨһ˺ˮ棬ˮﵹǲۣҴӳͷһνôĺ棬ʧظһڡ
ղȻҪϿ嵽ȥץģﶯղץסң𶯣ȥģҿץס㡣ʱҪˮˡ
ղĵǰںϴʱ˵ãѧŵŴ˵
Ҳ֪ûһղ֣ǹɵĲˣצӽסղĸ첲ȫЩ
ղŴҵͷҸϴϴ𶯡
Ҩˮһϴţҵر࣬ϴˮǺڵģ֮ǰСϴʱҪ࣬ѹү
ղţϵĶͣϴһѣֱˮˣŰѴҴӺ汧
ңࡣղһòõĲҲţһ߱Թ
˰ĴȴǲºͿʼԭض˦ˮˤղȫǡ
ң˦ˣϵ·ںʪˣڱˤøʪˣҪԹȴڵϴոϴɾģ
ţȻûʲôãֻקŴŲϴ裬һһȥģǺķ˺ܳʱ䣬ҾҪһǣǷҪڵϴ
ôôã˰ζûղʲô£ӱ߿ȴû뵽ղһ·ʪˣĶЩ
үҲղ㾾ŴҵĶ޺޵˵
ұߴҽУղ㵹ѵô۾Щ죬˵ǾȤʵôˣ
ҸϴɾˣҪڵϴϴζ
Ŷ˴һۣԭĴңڸܵʱֻܾͶʱˣֻצţװƵĲҶٲͰצӸˡ
仰һȫһ£˰رסղ֡
ղ°Ѵұȥ߸ϴڣҵǹؾﲻٴˡ
ղʵȷʵ̲סЦү
Ӳһ﷢ҲͲղ㣬ͷŶʪˣֵ·ʪˡ
ղϵˮû£Ƚů͡
ʪ·ˣС
ǡղ㿴ǰĺˮͻȻҲҪȥϴһϴĳ嶯ү
ţ
Ҳϴһϴ
ȴͬˮ䡣
û£̫ǰҶںϴ֮ɹɹֻ̫ǣҪүһˡһ˫۾ڴؿһܿͰ
ϴϴɣˣɹ˲㡣Ȼ˵ţղҲļԴղ㣬Ӳ
ǡղٳȥϵҲһͬȥˡ
Ӷںˮ棬쳣Ǻþûϴء
ҨˮԼϽȴûһϵжȴ˵ġ
ʱղɽҰζسţٲ֮ǰģˣԭɱƵӣñ𪣬ںˮĽ£ʪ쳣ĺ᲻տƵض˶
ǡǡǣղͷұؿڱ˲ˣͷһȣһȣղǰʳָ°͡
үղͷȻղ˾ٺ⡣
Ҳһ㶣ҡ
û˵ڣ͸ϵĴжղ㵲󣬡˭



ʮ ̰



ҲǱƸˣ˶һ£ҪԼȴ֪һǱ¶Լλá
Զȴû˳һԵʯӣǴҡ
ֻһͯӴĳʹ
һǺӵ񾭵ǷѾˡ
ԼѾȫ¶СԼ۵ͷηη߳
кȥԼ߰ӣȫģͷҲҵĿԣƶƤǸ·ݵģ˸ռղʱ龰ȻҲһЩô
СкЩµؿһµЩֻСֽʣֻҵͷԼĽţң߶ˡ
߶ˣ
šСкصͷҲʱ򡰹ࡱˡ
Скղ뵽˼ǰԼүˡ
ղ㣬Ҫ
Ϊ֮ǰҲӣԣ롭Ȼ֪ԼӦݸ߹үҪҪǸȷʵҪСк
Щ͵øɡ
үǴӦˣ
šղϣģֻҪֵ̫⣬ȻǴӦģ˭ղĶˣȻиԭղ㳤Ư
õ϶Ĵ𸴣ղʱЦ۾ȥá
šͷӦˣͼղСȥ˵¿ˡ
ֻʣСкʹңһ𣬴һ÷ǳʵﾡԼĴڸУˣ԰ѴҺԣֻСк
ҲǺСӰټϰйأȻ͸¶һѹټϴСĻʼҽϾǴ΢ƽ·Ҳһơһ˿᲻Ծĺ£˵Ск
һԴ;ȫ䣬ֽŷһСΪĿӣױ˷ѾµĲ԰һƬˡҪˣȾ˸һãֻǸԼǸĴЩ
ܿʹŸܹˡ
ղ֪ӵʹ࣬СкţٶȻƽʱҪһЩѸùСкʱСкɪŷСܵܣ
ѸСкСкŸЩ㶣Скͷʵôˣôأ
ңҡСкģµСҲ֪ǸǰӣӦҪǸͬ˲ܳԡ
ĵСкǶһЩء
԰ɡκθ飬˵
лллСк˵лŸڴڳ
ԣû˺СкԶĶʹһʼرղҭţһ˳ź󱳡
ԵĲˣʵôܵɭ
ôʣСкͻȻֹͣ˳ԸĶץеĸӻЩǱЩٱϵɭġ
ΪΣ
Щٱ˵үҪӲ죬үǣԣԾ͡Ск˵˵žͿ˳ղ״æгһŰײӸᣬޣޣү˵˵ô£ү˵ܰﵽǡ
ǣû취ǵģ˵ˣ̫ƫƧˣʵҲܲģǣֻЩġĿţ࣬ӸһҲ޳˸ղ㿴ȴǾÿү
˵ô֪Ұﲻ㣿
˵ɣүһܰǡ
Ǻãң˵Скֳһȿƽһ߳Ÿһ˵顣
ңԭġƽȻ㲻ϸԣҼҶеأҲܹԸ㣬ؤǺٵġ
Ϊ䵽أ
˵ÿ궼ҪٸЩӣǮҲ࣬ÿÿܸ𣬵ҲһǰʼҾ;ٱǰҰҪʲô˰һһͻȻͱһһΡ˵ЩСϰոôӡ
Ǿûзʵ
Ȼа򳤴һ֪۹ǷҪƽ֪־ȴû뵽۹Ƿ־һģ־֪ϱ֮󣬸Ǳ䱾˰ҪûǮٱȭߡ
СкٴĨᣬҵЩٱöΣǼұûʲôǮǼû취ͰѵغͷӶ˽ЩٱģһѷӺ͵ضˡ
ǶˣִǮʳ
ЩӺ͵صϺԭǮǣǸûǮ˵ģֻһǮôǰװ׸ɻЩǮõֻһһٷö֮Ǿͳڣ˵үҪѲˣͰЩ˸ˡ
ղ˵ӣ񲻾ͳ˿򣿡
Լ°ͣᣬΪ˺úӦү۹ǷȻ׼׵ҲһЩôƽ򡣡
˵òŵһˣԸĻүǰ˵û͸ǺóԺúȣѷӻǣܶ˶Ӧˡ
ǮЩ˵нѡΣܸɻ˲¡ûܸɻˣ˴ӣٱڴ·ţЩߴ·Ǳү
Ⱥ֪ߵغ̰٣ߣС·߶ˣʲô̰



ʮ ͶԵ



֮Скֺ˵ЩϵطʵһСӣҲ࣬еҪ࣬üͷ
Ск˵Ϊһֻӣȥ׽ˣӦʱ򣬾Ѿ͸ĸɢˣôСĺҲǲԼߵ·
ϾһԼתƣ޸ˣǱЩߣҲĸ֪Щϸ
֮·ϣ˴Ск˳СкѰҸĸڣСкĸ뿪ʱ䲢Ǻܳƾϰ֮ҵ˸ĸͬʱһȺ
кԼĵһ¾ͳ˹ȥǻţףңΪҲˣ
⺢ӣ㲻Ҫܣǲĵһѵĸȴһֱ߶ţ˾ͺã˾ͺá
һڱһţΧ˿ҲĨᡣ
Ҫлλˡ׷ԲԣͷǰǷ˵л
ϲض񡣡æ̧˫΢΢ߣǾƽ񣿡
ȴ̾ѾˣѾƽˡƽѾˡ
һԵȴ򳤣ôֻҪ˻ʳϱϣԻΪֹ
ʳôԶҲûʲôʳ£ڰ·Ͼ͡ϲȴҡͷ
˵ϲݣʮ⣬ϲ򳤣
ȴ̾ѾˣӦѾµˡƽסһȺ˵ƽʲôƽ򣡡
סһȺˣѵ˰⣿۾ĵȻ顣
֮ô˰һҪԼ̰Щ˰գһȴҪТˣסҲˣǵʳȫЩ˸ˣǣ˼ңʹ峤Լؿڣ˵˵žݺᡣ
д˵ͷ֪۹ǷҲ
ǰ˵˱ǿ׳ǶֻЩǮƽ
磬¹ˣ˫ֽ߬ţǽڶڡաšĵѹֺ˿ɳ룬ҲˣֻǱȽϿʳǣ֪̫
ΪΧʱΧ˵ѹ˲;ѹ쳣Ҳ亹Щ¡
Ǽʶϴ峤λĪҪȥ
ͷǡǴӻʳǶȥϿȴû¹ϴģĺ
ȥҲȥã۹ǷүȥѲ飬˴Ǯޣǳ涼ǸˣȥĻӦûܺúһ򳤵
ȴҾҪԭ֭ԭζ飬Щֽŵģ㿴Ҳж˼
⡭
ҪȥʳǸ״𣿡
ȷʵɻʳԶ¡ҡͷ̾
򳤲صģֻҪ˳·һֱǰ߼ɣԻһ˶ƽƽʳǡָղʱ·˵
˳·ȥȴֻһͨͨ·Ϊǰλӻ˵и
⡭ʹǺˣ
ֻһλҪȥϵÿ͡򳤣һӵ·ɡ˫ֱתϷǰղ㣬ˡ
ŶղæǣСң󣬡ôλټˣүĻû
һȦ˵ıӰ
򳤣ǵʲôˣȥֵֹģصӡ
֮ǼˡǵĻɡֻͷ˵ıӰһ˼ʳǵķߡ
ǰŵһֱöĶԼǼǷǰߡ
һ·½½һڣﰵ۹ǷӲĹ٣һҪն˵ͷ­
ڣС·۵˴·ҲС·½ȫǹٱ߳ȥȻܿ챩¶Լݣɲôͱʶݡ
̰ܻߣû˸ӣвҲҸôһɽﵹǽύһУǺȻȴӵһǵİֻͨ߰ȥ֪ʱǲǺС
ղ㡣
үкͷԸ
С֮үˡ

ղͷɻؿүû
ͷɻʵЩЦûסͷ֮࣬˵ղ졣
áղ졣ղ˵
˳֮㲻˵һжڳһƬɴסԼ
ǡղӦš
ȳС·ͱϱŴңСϵүһص·ϣһ̴̺ӡ
û¿ӣղʮֲڣŤ˵ţүڵߣЩϰߡ
ղ죬үѵ
Ŷղ죬Сϲϰߡ
š
ү
ղ졣ٴѣЩؿղ㡣
ҽϰˣԲүһ·ϵദദҪܣղţȻϰˣŶղ죬ܡ
ţ˳Ͳˡ
ǡô˵ˣղҲֻţ¿Ǹ汳ĥܲǰؤʱʲộһ඼Ǳүýˣղ̾˾ԼһҪţܸү鷳
һ·˵Щٱһ·ȥϵ˺٣ٱǿȻٲʵġ
ʲôˣٱסʵ
ղ죬λǼҵүղ㣬ǴӺҪȥϿĲ˵ղ㰴ķԸû˵κλֻǿλٲͷ
ٲ´ˣϵȴǼ۸񲻷ƣ˵ʣȻǵĻⲻ˻Щ
úõģںȥʲôٲʵ
ү뿴֮ʲôģұû취ֻ͵͵
ٱ˴Цؼ׼ⲻܷ
СүûţȥҲǺõģֻҪƽƽȥүӦò̫ᷣݡ
Ͽɲܳǣ֮أɶ壬ȥ˵¹˶ȥ޻ءٱѵ
üͷ֮صĳŲǷ𣿡
ֻһǰ飬ǳŴţ˾ͽͳλٱĻû˵꣬ͱߵĹٱһƣ˵ôʲôøУξ֪ˣ㶨Բ˶ߡ
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¹ľо֮ǰɵˣǽѶˣҪúðһ̴ӣλүǿɷ뿪ˣ
ԣԣ߰ɡΪŵ黹ڳţȻǲղˡ
ǣСҵǰߣȴǶһԽԽʧﲻĹ٣ǶҪһˡ



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˾ͨؽǡ
ƽ˵ò۹ǷȷʵǰǺúˣȥֵǸɾġֵ飬Ÿʽ̯ӣСߺţȥֵģȫЩǴӳ汻ġ
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ңں滹ܿЩˣ棬Ȼһ˶ʵǲӦá
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ղڴϿֻһСؤүӻӦþͲؤˣҪ˵˸ؤƻỵү
ղĬĬԼλүͯ˵һ̺ү̴ӣ֮ݸ߹ˡ֪֮ġ
үҪʲôҪүĶ飬үҪȥʲôȥҲ֪ǶǴ
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תЦһҡҡͷ⶯˾ˡԼ°ͣıӰ˼



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ղ㱾Լķú˯žȴ̤¥ϵġˡˣԺ˯ۣͻȻ˯˴ϵĴҴ۵Сۡ
٣ղ˵˯ڴϵġŴҵĺ⣬Ҫ쵽ȥɴҵצӾǱ֣´
ղ˺üΣԼôûа취Ū´֣Ҳͷˣǲô٣ղڵʱͲ
໡Ϊ㿴ȥͺܺ۸ҵ֫ڴչ˸˸Ƿڴϲ˲Ⱥ׼ղߡ
ղ޷ԼǺñӺҲ׼˯ɾʱӵĽŲͣˣķŵǱˡ
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ûãһۣȴû뵽Ǵҧסǹٲͷӵĸ첲ǹٲͷ۵ûţҪѴҴԼ˦ȥɴҧرô˦
ôһֻܣܵĹٱǶгﲻҶ
ŸʲôҰֻŪٱͷӿԼһȺɵ㶵ǵˣһÿ϶һţϧԼһͷܸҧţҪҲǱ۵ûа취
ʱλٱ뵽ҪȥѴҴϴϸ¡ɴҧرצȥӡ
ղ˵䲻Ǹĸһ·ϻһֱչĳԺȣãԼʱ۸ղ㣬Ҳʱ˵Ļݲñ˶Ƕǹ
ΧȺˣȻõרǰεǲˣһҪЩ˸ղ
ҲôţΧôлѾ¶˾ǰ˵ĸ첲ҧǾԲɿڵġ
ٲǼôɿڣ໥˿γͶŴҿȥҿղܰҪ붼û룬ֱӾ˹ȥڴǰ
˺ң
ղϾǺˣС˵ǸүٱµʲôˣҶ֡
ٲͷӱΪԼܽˣû뵽ղͻȻ͵ǰֱýȥղ㣬ҹҰֻܸˣҧӶˣ
ϴ̣Ϳղ㱻߿ˣ˸æ׼ŴϿ
ղ㱻ߵһߣû취ֹȺٱֱӾͱס˴ҵţǿң
˵ĵϾҪȥˣȴֱղţǹٲͷʵܲˣýŶղĶӾߡ
һõÿɶǺݾղ㱻ߵŤΣ۵ýвһѪô³ˡ
ʵղѪζֻһ㶣˿ڣղ㱧һƨڵϣ۵
໡ҿղѪ¼ˣǵԼĸڱܶŰʱҲѪȻĸ׾͸ֵܼԼܿҪˡ
ΪղҲҪˣĸצӽղ㣬ԼһţղĻ໡
Ŵҵղ㣬ԸоڷһŴҵĺ󱳣οûµģûµģղûˡ
Ȼ֪Ϊһ̴ӣڴӻԼǷǳְģղܾүԼһ
ٲͷӵֱҧһֱڵѪ˫ĿѪղ㣬ߣ¹˴Ӳ˺ĶߣǶʱٰ¹˵ˡ
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¹ʹ׶ĶܻؼУȶļϸǼȰҴȥѺ
ǣϴܡ
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ղ죡ŴңҪȥղȴһȺٱˢˢõڲϡ
ղ㲱ϵ˿ڣֿɴѪʱ֪ղ㱻˸ˡ
߬ԼȭͷָؽڶڡտաţҵˣҲ
ǹٲϴҲǱҧˣӦЩٶۣȻɱ˵ߵ̴ӣܺãץ㣬ԼͶˡ
ŶŭЦʵ֪Һ֮У
ҹ˽ūˣһܽҵҧǣһļϸ
Ǹǳ󵨵뷨ٲϵѪֿ֣ղĴңǴҧ˵
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ղΪѴңæҲҪҡ
˭룬˵òԵ⡣
˭û뵽ô˵㶵ؿֻղȷӦӦǡ
ǣ̫ٲͷָŭץȥˣúõ󣡡
ǣ
ߣǼҲʸңߣ̴ֱӱ˳ȥҪȥ۹Ƿȴû룬ҵͷˡ



ڶʮ ¶



һʿѺȥţǰߵ̹̹ģȫһˣղȴԼүĺȡ
үһֱǸ߸ϵĴڣΪүôᱻЩٱѺءԽԽͷҲԽԽ͡ұڻצţƺڰο΢һЩүŵĴûµġ
ЩٱԭҪѴ˵ģүҪҵ˶ֽţºݻҪǻȥһ·ϾͲܶǣңһë
ЩٱҲֻҪץȥ۹ǷｻֻӦϴҲǸҺղ飬ûܱٲֻ˳⣬ȥš
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Ϊȫð亹æҡֵү⣬ⶼ֪ⰡСģûУûκιϵ



ڶʮ ﶷ



ΪҲǻˣæڵϲߵݣүϢŭүϢŭ
Ϣŭ㵹ǸҲϢŭɡ
ɣɡΪĿĵؿŵ棬Ŀ㱣ͻȻµ۹Ƿֱָԣү۹Ƿ
üã۹ǷԭˣҲν۹Ƿɲô룬һΪﵽԼϣһ㶣ŭΪ⡣
˵үңֻһ񣬾ĵӣû۹Ƿ׿ϣҲܰݵϰҲӦüǵðɣոʱ۹Ƿ˵Щ
̿˫Բɲס۹Ƿ΢üëţȷǵã۹Ƿͬʬʽʱжϡ
۹ǷæǣҲʬĽӹ
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ʲôأ⣬ǿȥ۹Ƿ˵ûֱӵ
ΪԼֵԣүûƵģ
ƣΪʲôҪƣ
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ὪΪ˵꣬Ǳ룬µ۹ǷȴſڴЦͷɢңͷ󺹣Ŷʮ
˴ǲڵı飬ֻǵʵ۹ǷЦʲô
ЦΪ
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ҲҵŮ̫ˣΪҲ֪֪飿ΪҲ֪ǰйˣޣҾǿ˳ûȡС檵ġ
С檣ˣǸŮ˱ȻŭģҲʼָ۹Ƿ۹ǷΪҪ޸ֳԸ޸֪ҲԶ޸㣬Ҳ֪ûǮˣҪҵȨƣӲҪҼ޸㡭
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ðˣڳˣǼҲǿҵȨơ
أ㲻ҲǿǼǮ𣿱Ϊǲ֪ҵǮЩˣ̰ų򣡡
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˳Ȼ죬ȴûֻ֯ʾԵһּֽ¼̫ʦǳֶŪ°ղ㱧ڻĴҡ
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ҡ֤ȷ䣬Ҳǲˣϣϡ



ڶʮ 



ãȻҲзӡŴҵСצ˵۹ǷΪεǵģߴ½
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ҲæͷǣүԼµģҵҵûк۹Ƿͬۡ
Ŷ۹Ƿ˵սɵЩǮһϽɸˣһǺƽ𣿡
Ϊæҡͷ񣬲ҪЩǮⶼ۹Ƿ۶࣬ҲҪһ汳ģҡүǲţֱȥҸϲңҸϳԼҵǰ⣬ЩǮˣү
Ȼͷ˼Ҳ۹ǷΪЩǮΪҲֻܶүˡ
ʱһֱԱ߿ŵ֪ȴͻȻ˵ˣ㸮ϵȻǮΪЩǮûвĸϡ
Ŷ֪Īֻ֪Щʲô
֪ֲҼ֪ҪΪֵָ֪֪ûн㣬ãºҾɻ顣
һ˭֪ҵСǸˮŮˣм䲻壬ҲҪģСҿɲȢ֪ﰺͷۿŽΪ
㣡Ϊ֪Ļֶһ򱻽ΪųǱµŮˣ֮ǰ׷裿
֪֮ǰǻҰҪҪڿҼˣȴһңôôˣ
֪ȴҲգݵ˵˴˱˴ˣҲΪôŮ˶еѵء
㣡֪裬Ť
֪ԼϹۣȻῴŮˣСжãóԵիԼԣƯ⣬ﻹĿȡ֮ԽԽΪԼòֵá
ĳɲŮ˶ѿࡣү֮ǰԲû֤ݣһլլһײ̴ľǷܵΪǽ۹ǷǮȫܵ棬үȥ鿴
Ϊһ֪ͷˣһƨڵҲˣô֪飡ûиߣô֪ˣˣǽҪˣ˰
̹ǰҡ֣㲻Ҫңһа취ĶԲԣԲԣ
ʲô취ˣˣŮӴֻܵˣˣˡ
һôᣬҲҪһҪһ˼ңԲҲҪԼסҡͷϵǣԭһ̾ͻˣﻹԭĴСӡ
ˣǸѹȥն
ǡЩɵ˸ȥ
Щٲ
ү뵽үҪ׷ǵĹٲȫڵ϶ߵͷҵҲǷ°
Ȼ֪⣬ӣˣٺ»룬ȥ̲ʮ塣
ǣǡٲǼԼסˣһĵֱͷ
ã͵ˣãľٴһģٲҲȥˣҲһ˲䲻Ӱ
ֻʣղ㡢֪;
ôҲɽ°ɣ㲻컹Ҫ׼ȣ֪תк⾻Ҫߡ
ȵȣ֡
ղֻк£֪תͷ
Щ棬Ϊ֪үȴȣղǰ
ΪҪȣ֪Ц
ԴӽһȭܾһƵġ
𣿡֪￴򾻳оʲôطһ𣿡
¿֪һۺ󣬵ͷҪҪͷУֺûУȷʵЩֵֹģдд磬ô䶼д硣ɵЦš
ţô䶼д硣֪֣ྻͷԺҵʦˡ
ŶдҪˣԺҾдʦ֣ٺ١
ţղ֣羻˵ô䶼֪ô䶼үԣûʲô֣þȵġ
ȴüͷ֪ܾãﲻԣĪǡ
֪ȴֹ̧Ļղ֣ǸĪǻǱ˵ĺáǣʹ˱Ǿ仰ȥɽңɽµĴԶΪ㳨
˵һ仰𣿡Լ°ֿ֪һۣǰͻȻһ֣ѵҲ
벻ǣղﲻѾ𣿺ˣߡ֪תȥ
õģд硣Ҳ뿪ˡ
֪ıӰȻص˵ͷû뵽Լһľˡ



ڶʮ һ֪



󲻾ã˹ǣǶԳеİɱֶûзŹ
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ˣССĵھ˻﷢ŶԼӣƺҪԼĻ
ˣҺۣ䡣
ٰ㱧Щɺã˶ֱýЩѪմԼ·ϣûкЩ
ͷ˲侻˵ĲҰ·Ūˣɾġ
û£㲻ͺá
ЩӰɣңҲˣ˶ˡ
ȴҡͷ°͵žĶͷҲᶪ㣬ҴȥҴ򡣡
ûˣˣڣûдˣ߰ɣ߰ɣд硣Լȥƾˣˣôƣû취ƶԼˣΪʲôǲء
ôãôýһ˶¡ôá
ſʱһˡ
ﻹ˻ţ
ʲôˣ
С
УɱˣɱˣֻҪ¹ˣڣ
ǣ
һȺƽˣɾȴȻž˿η塣
д磬ߣ߰شž˵ؿڣɾȴȻֺǵͷüģһ뿪ɺã
һʮᣬȴƺ̺ǧãԼƺ˲ռˣʴı壬ҲͻȻůд磿㡭
֪ϵ㣬һֱ֪Լ;˵һ𣬶ָȴһԵʯͷڵϻš
֪ҡ
㣬һ뿪ǵɺãɤͳڵ˫ȴڶԻ˾С
ܿƵصͷдȥҾȥ
ԡٴεͷס˫ⷭϸϸƷζϵĻʯҲȼŵĻҩ
оȻ˷ŵĴ䣬ҲǸǷŻˡ彫ͷЦ
ȴֻžǣСǶԼĹѪôһһӡ
еջûϢɱԼð׾ϴЦ⣬Щ΢ĺΣСУô
˽ţЦΧǵһˣЦǣ밢ǵҺҵľȴԶһ𡣡
ɱ
Ǿ˴Ҫ˵Ͽȥɱ˵ȼĻҩȴըˣǾֵؿžˣȴЦţ
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ҾһɫľſצͻȻͳһ޴ѷ죬Ƭ̺󣬾ѷ졣

˵ȥز١
ز˾ٺɰȴѾȫʧˡ

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֪㹻ˣһΪ˾Ϳ޿䣬ʵҿ𣡡
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ͻȻھҪȥСУȻסҪȥʲô
ҡ붼룬ֱ˵
ΪΣ
֪Եˡ
Ե֮˵
ŮûˣûˣûˣȻԵˣһЩоչˡһ뵽Լ΢չˣ֪;ůůģǵȲҪȥСˡ
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д֪ȻãȻԼС¼棡һҪ֪ú
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е鶼ΪүҲúղٻؿջסˣֱӾס֪۹Ƿļ
۹ǷļʵǮӵĹŶ˵»ѳ鱦ԸеǰЩѹǮȫַȥЩ
۸ﵹҲдղ㱻ٲˣ˵أӵǲĵģҹ˰ѴӴúõĸղһ¡
ҹı϶ҪԹ䣬ȴ˿֪үʰҩͣϹˡ
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񡭡ˡ
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ֱүдֵĸоүϺŵζԼ˰ģһֱ

ûдԼ֣׵СȴͻȻܽ鷿ղġ㡱ֵһʣдˡ



ʮһ ҸүһƵ



ǵĳһֱ˿ʼˡ󽫺شŴڽյĳ½š
ϳţһȺಲƤĵˣѱŵСͷϵˣ˵˲඼һȺҰӣһ׾ˣ»ϲɡһ̧Ŵľ׮ײţȫԼˡ
аһѰһƥǧ˴򿪳ź󣬶һǡ
ΪĻʲôأû뵽ǸС¹ǿ壬ǣûˣ˲ױªĸΪԲĲһҵ仰ȫŭϲɫȴ˼֡
ͷԼ֫˱¹밲
ԭǸү¹үǳģ¹ҪˣſǺӵĴ죬Цһ@ĴЦʱĭɽʵöġ
Ҳ˵Լеĳꪣֵȥ
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ү˵ţ¹϶үжЩûԼӵ񣬶ǸмүڶԵʱʹУˣһܵ۸
Ҳ񣬸ûԼķӣʵûʲôöֻһЩԼ̲ʲô͵ϡ
۸ĹܼۣЩȻ⣬˵үƲϵġ
Ҳǵһ⡣
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Ȼ۹ˣƢԶһ
ʲôˣô˵ģүסַݲҰ
֪ﲢδִܼ΢ǣƶɮžˣү
УţɣҿûûȵĺУ
зǷ˭涨һҪȣΪүͨһ
ߣүزܼ͡Ӭһ֪
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Ѿ˵ˣүϢ
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Ĵϣ۾ʼ˼֮Ҫ顣
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С־Լһΰ̾ϢȴղòʱͻȻ۾
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ܼүŭһūūš
ĹūţҲֻ۹Ƿˡ
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֪үڰбҲС·һ鴫˵дܣòϵ֪ƾͲˡ
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뿪ǵĵ죬ͳһƥš
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Ԫͷˮɸۣ¹ĸ
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ΪǸؤ
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ǡùֱܼð亹ЩͷΪԼүôүּ⣬ʶЩԸ˸ˡ

ղ˽̵ղд֣ȷĿ꣬дָ棬Ҳܴ󣬽Ҳ佱
ʱղ㻹ϰѧ֣̫ˣվûз֡
дЩ֣صͷЩѾܴˡ
үΪһ仰ղһдˣЩϧؿţү밲
˵ٴˣֻ˵ʱ򣬲Ҫ밲Ҫܷ𣿡



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ǣ˵ûдƨɵĳͷүԺԻģǲҪƨɡ
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үԺܲܡֿһۣûпκα飬ҲͲˣеĻһӶ˵ԺٴҵƨˣͷУǱƨɡ
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ղƬ̣ȻӦŮ˰ɣΪҼз޶Ůġ
Ҳ˺˽ɷ޵ġղ˵
ղͷҲ̫ûв˼˵⡭ҵûô
Ļش𲢲⣬Ƶãϲһ𣿡
ղͻȻ̧ͷýүĻĶ࣬ʵö̫⣬ڵʱԼҪȥˣʶؾãүЩģش𣬿ңԴүκ⣬ҲǴġ
ǣ˵үһ𣿡
ЩղӦ˵Ҫһ룬Ҳ˵ҲӣղģͷԣҪܿõ𰸡
õүŵղ㸴ֵͷϸţϲһڵǺܶ˺Ů˵ŮҲһҪСŮСյЩŮǺүһ·Ůˣû̫ʶ
ҲʶģͲǸĴС㣬ǲˣǸСЪ˹ӣӣȢһŮˣӦӦġ
ӦҲʲôŮ˶İɣǰһַĸ˵õŮ˾ˮһ
ҪһŮ˹°뱲ӰҪ͡
ԴͻȻӿֳ˺ܶүһĻ棬Լؤʱүӣһȥϵ·ϣүҩʱӣǴθүΪˮүԼ촽ʱӣԴȫү
뵽Сࡰ顱ֱϲԼؿڣһʱ䲻֪Ǻá
ôˣסؿڣæ鿴ﲻؿʹ𣿡ָղؿϣȴȵطرĿ졣
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ңҡղ֧֧ᣬǰүʲôܴģȴʲô˵ҾүҵⰡ
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Ŷ˵һԵ̫ʦϣϾؿ
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⻰ô˵
ΪΪֿʼ֧֧ᣬüۣϷ̣ԼҪð̣ɴ۾һ˵ˣϲү
ĻסˣС˵ʲôϲң
סЩ궯ģ˵һ顣
ү˵ͳΪˣ˵Ѿ˵ˣҲ˵һˣ˵ڵϴθ󣬡˵ϲүոүϲϲˣȻԴȫү
˸ˣԼĶ䣬֪Լ˵ʲô
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ΪʲôүȥЩأղɻؿүոиоүܼ
ϲ㣬үǿһ顣
ִ֪
үΪʲôģ
ҡû뵽ղܿԼ˼ղͷûвġ

ˣ㻹̫СЩ㳤˵׼ٺ̸ǲ濪˻⣬òѾˣҪѧ𣿡
ղ֣صصͷˣҪѧܶණҪү
ѧϰȷʵζػǣҪػԼ
ҾҪػү
֪Ϻִ֣Ҳ׼磬Ȼ׼ѧ䣬һԽ̵㡣
ղɴ۾үԽ̵𣿡
ͷҾͨټѧиŸɵ书ؼû˱ҸʺϽ̵㡣ѧϰҪóԿ׼ۣۣܺܺʹ޵ľǰ;ϵˡ
ʵǰͲС;ϵģѧСϳӲļ⣬ԺŻ᲻̫
үҾԲ;ϣղŵ
ʲôҪѧҪʱãѧʱ䣬ѧϰ黭ʱ䡣
šղףЭá
ôʹ쿪ʼɣҪúϢ
ǣүղֱͦ塣
ڿԻʦ΢΢ǡ
ʦղһ΢Ц
ŶʱЩȣƿۡ



ʮ ԡ



ղѧϰʼˣһ磬ͱץźǧأǡž黭ѧϰѧ֮͵ŵʱ䡣
һֱΪҪŹϢղҪ͵͵ϰҲǲģֱӰ˰ڴϢһʱٵϰ黭䡣
һԹɣǸϣŵʱղ㼸Ǳ۾ġ
Ϊղϵʦ׼Լһţղ۾ԷҪŷˣָһԴ
ԭҪȥܹղ㣬˲䱻ˣүʦôˣҪȥ𣿡
ҡͷֻԷ
Ŷղ˵㾫ץ룬Էǳһֲ˯š
ִһԴԷ
˯ղԼ۾ŴŴģһ
Ҳο극ȥ˯
һֱղܺãҲôղʦղ㵹ǲˣҺʦ
ҲóԷ컹ҪϰмλüǿѵʱǷǳϸģòͻľص£ղҲ⣬ղܾǿȫ̶ûкۣ͵ͬʱҲۡ
֪ʦڳԡղķԼ棬ڲĹϵϱùӴ򵽵ĵطҲرۣԭһֱϲԵĲҲԲȥԣôҲҪѷԹˡ
кڣ̲סʵ
ڣԴɵģȫ֪˵úָʲô
ڷڻüҪһѧôණȷʵףԲס
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ڼ󶼻ȥȪһݣƣ͡Ȫֻܸһݵģүֵܣûүݹȴû뵽үȻҪղ㹲ԡҲ֪үʲô㡣
ĪǽҪղ㽴ˣôһ룬ͺˣүҪˣϲɺأϲɺءɡղڻǸأҽһˣүôµȥֵģˣЩҲ˸顣
ж׵ˣվһߣŵүˣԼҪһ̺
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СӺϵҲУһ㶼أʶС˸飬ȻȪˮϴ衣
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ֻڿŰߵʯͷϣղ㿿Լؿڴ˽ͷֻǽ˰컹ûʲôЧһ
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үٺ١ղȻɵЦţ̧ͷкΣĵĪȪˣĴԿհһƬΪʲôСӣȻȻֻѵˮǣȴ˶ʯˡ
ԴﲻظţСˣСˣȻСˣ
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Ǹóˣôʱദ֪ղ˵رģǾô򵥣ҲΪղò
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Һڴĳɳղ㡣ղ뻳Уš
ӺůͣղϤ¶ȣѽĻ΢΢Ρ



ʮ ղ㹥ָտɴ



죬ղٴαҡˣȫʮʹ۾ľһǧصʯͷͲѹ
в̣ΪʦϸղգЩѹ컹кܶҪѧ
ĳĴ£ղ΢һЩԼ۾ǿԼĴԻûָ˼ʮִ㶵ؿǰˡ
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ԣԲүңҾǡղҪͣҲͲʲôȷʵСײү
Щϴһ
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ϴģȻϳģı
ԭԭүĻشղЩʧ䣬Դʼ·ȻһжΣүôܻԼԡҲİɡүԼĺ
ʶȥԼ촽ҲãԼ촽е㷢飬ס
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ǡеЩӰˣղٴãͶһѵС
ЩգǼҹ棬ѵ̶ȶܴÿÿֲ֧ס˯ˡڶ죬ǻүĻȫ¶ˬˬġ
Ҳ֣ÿ춼εүԼϴ裬үرᣬԼЦҲԼֻǣӦ⼸ѵͲˣеϧеʧ䡣
ֹ˶ʱ䣬ʼʱ޿̲ö˵ԡˣڳʱԻöҪһ㡣
ڵԼͺʹһܳԣÿܳԵһֻӻ߰ͷÿٶܳ뷹һʼϵĲүǳԲģڲͬ겻ˣܰĲ˶Թ⡣
Ҳ˱仯ͷر죬ʱ䣬߾Ѿүĺˣ忪ʼýʵˣ¸˸ͺÿߡ
үڱ˯ܻ̾˵ڵӲģûǰ˵ˣû취ٰȦڻ˯ˣеʧ䡣
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šղͷĬĬ档
ԣ˯ɡ½ղӵڻղȷʵЩɼⳤʮȳƣźУǵݣҲʮϲٳЩԵһƬˣ뵽ȴЩ΢Ĳˬ˸ߴš
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û뵽ղɳôѸ٣ֳɳڸ̶ܵȣĳɳٶȡ
ҲԵ̫õԵʣղ㳤ԵԵߴˣһʱ䣬;ղҪԼһˣղϵļҲȳƶ׳ʵĵ⣬طûϣķɳοղɳͬʱЩɥҲܿͲܰСڻ˯ˡ
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ʮ  XҶ裨ģ



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ƣ㻰㵹ǻشһֻϴҶ迴˵

ѵɵˣ˵㷢ˣҶǰָƵĶͷϣûаẠ̊́ǻЩ䣬ݡ
šԼúͿˣԴôЩֵ뷨ҿҶ裬ֻܴӦš
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ȥǰҶֿһֵֹۣܾģôһΣͱôˣһôһ㽿ߣ



ʮ ղҲǺǵ



ȻǸˣү˾ȻǸˣ׺䶥ȻҲ˵һЩٹϲɫȴû뵽үҲʲôãѵǰ˵Ƥ
ֻһؤ˫ֽ߬ţⳤָ״ģ޺޵ؿղ㣬ƾʲôƾʲôܶö裿һؤ
ö裿ղͷͻȻŮΪʲô˵ûԼЩؤƺѾܾöûˣүؤ
ֱָղҼС˵ؤؤڴģҲı䲻ؤıʣû뵽үȻΪôһ˲ŲȥҼСĶ᷿Ҳ֪ʲôԻүǶģ
ŮͻȻܵү᷿˵˵ôĻƢõղ񣬡Ѿ˵ˣҲؤǰؤڡԺҶǣҲ˵עһЩҺү᷿Ķ᷿ڶ᷿ж߹㶼
Ѿѧ˺ܶණھҲҵԼôܻٳΪؽֵؤأүߣȻ뿪һֱүߣүүұۣŮ˿ͦÿģ˵ȴκС㶼ȻǾϸɸˣǲС
㣬㾹ȻҼС˵̶ָղ㣬ЩҼСǸ
˵ʵү˵ڣ᷿Һ˵㣬ǻϻʺˣ㲻ǸȻҲ֪ʲôǺúûĶ᷿Űɡղò˵ţˣҲүѧϰһЩѵ˵ķɲ֮ǰôųСؤˣ
㣬㣡
ղ˵òǸ᷿ȷʵû˵ĵطңүӦ㽻ˣúôڶ᷿𵽴ܣôմӵ´иС̴Ӽææܹ˵ȥ᷿Ҫղ鷳
ɰãղҪôһĺëԼܾҪˣǿӱ޵ܹȴղ
ҵĸԹԣôɵСղ㣬ȻҲ˲Ϊ֪һ氡֮ǰȫˡͻȻ;÷ǳԺĬĬղ˸Ĵָ
ȻѾôܹˣ̫˵ùȥǣղѵʱһԼ·˹ȥ
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μˡ΢΢˸񣬡֪Ǽҵܵʲôطⲻǡ
벻¹¾Ȼؤ˵ܵܣں¹װ˵۸ԼԼҲֲ˺ôҲ˼ƽϣæֻСᣬСᡣ
СãҼҵܵүϲĽ춼ĲˣǷ˳ײùĻǷˡ
ҲǴЦЦȴЦøֱð亹⣬ҡᡣ
ᣬǾͲҪ׷˰ɡֵ
¹˵ļǣ׼ŸղǸ
ղ㿴ŶͷŮˣֻ治úܺÿΪʲô˵ڵĻȴôأڻҪǰѣѵ֪ͰеĶüͷŸԼ̿Ƭ̣ͲˣֻԺ᷿
үͷԸҪȴ
ҼС㣬ֻǣֻЩ档
֪û˵һ仰

쿴ŸЦ溦èԺУòҪкģȻôĶ֪
һ̷ţ͵ڵˡ
С㣬С㡣ţŵغš
С㿴ȥ̫̫·ȥϢɡ
С㣬ǻȥ̸æŸ뿪
ղ㿴˵ıӰ̾˿
ôˣ
磬ҾŮǸµղһԵʯϣһ˵
ô룿һߣһ裬ཹེ
ҲӦˣǲʲôᣬҪ˵ǰ˵ᣬ治ղԼؿڣ˵
ȷαװǰ춼Ӹƭˣû뵽ǸĻˡ˶̰ͼҲ֮УʱҲҪһֻ۱һֻۣϾĸ̫ξЩ˵ҪǱ֪ˣ˵¸үѿΪүҲֻдίˡ
ΪүĻܵίûʲôϵղ
ղĻش𣬲̾Ҳֻ㡣
ţ
ҲֻһƬĶԴү㲻˵Ļ
ǲʲôϵ𣿡ղͷʾԼ
Ҳú˵֪ղүᾭ׸С죬ᣬղϾǸӣϻ¶״̬㻹Сûϣȿ֪
ϣʲôϡ
Ҳ˵ԺԺͻ֪鰡Ҳһ֪Ҫ˵ղү֮˼ɾҪүɱˡ
Ϊʲôү˵Ҫ˵һһءղߺ촽ؾ𣬡ˣȥ䣬ү˵Ҫ飬ǸѾͦʱˡ
ȥɣȥɣȥϰЪһӵ˺öҩֻȫҩζҪЩˮҪζ嵭ȥҲ֪᲻ӣǰҩһֱӰȻӵµҩȴöһ쵽Ȼӵһֱ˵ڸθҲӲ˲٣Ҳܲ˰

Զʶ˻ŵʶڳһ˸ѣͻȻϷһֻŸ룬һȥߵ̳׽סŸ뽻ү
ţúܺãǶȥɡôһӣܵŮȫ¡
ȡŸϵżʶ¿һ¶˿ϲ֮ɫܺãܺãû뵽ڸвһˣǸ˾ȻǸؤץİѱҿԺôǰſ񣡡
ӣǸ
ȻܲϲŮˣҪ⸶ҲûʲôôҪ裬Ҿͽ輸˸裬Ů̫̰ˣұͲãҪĸӲƣ£ýֳܵʶЦ
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ʮ СɳĲ



үԴϰڹ֮ղúֻҪòǺԶҲǻṦˣ
Ϊ˲ڹϰ̶ȣȥ᷿ʱһЩԼĽŲϣղ̾˲ұϳú⣬ժղ߾Ĵһڣò
ү̵ĺãٺ١ղͷɵЦʵ̫ϲүԼĸоˣү촽ʪʪģģر
ڵǻ˵ˣΪʲôЦôɵʳָһղš
Ϊү˿İղȻ˵
ָ°ͣԼж࿪ģ
ܿĺܿİղȻ۾Ц
𣿡΢΢ͷսղ㣬ղԼĺ䶼үζԵζ
Ӧһ۾˫޵촽ȥ
СһԽԽ̰ˡ촽ɫԽһְסĺԣֱӶȡ˫𽥼ǡ
ǵѷ֣һֱվԱߵͻȻԼǸˣԼĴڸС
໣໡
ܽǣǵ̫ˣղЩȱЩ죬˶Լ촽ϵ¸ղϣ˴һ۵
ѾҪ˶ߵĴңһ£ֻǶӶˣҪղԵģΪʲôҪԼ
´һ´ҵӣܺãֻܵӺܴ󣬲ȥ̶ղ´棬ǸҪúˣ쵹Ǹɾ
ұ˵һɪʵ̲סȻ󻶿ȥһ̶һ£һ°̶ֻҪû취ͷҿ
ĵذˮһҹ
⣬ذ塭ǵö䰡ԣԣ໡
Ϊһͷܵ棬ԼֻԲ۾뵳ˮ飬ʪؿ
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໡ðɣȷʵǣǡ
ҿղ㣬~
ү
˯ĵذϣһѵͲ֪Լ˭ҵģ˻ܶҸɸɾģ
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ү
ȴ̧֣ղ飬Ѿҽ˯ĵذϡ
໡Ҽղ㣬룺ɧ꣬ͣСнҸͽˡ
ղ㿴Ŵңҡͷ̾һǰĴҵԴҰѾˡ
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ģҽſһë̺˯ŻůһЩղȻŴҵĴԴ
໣ֻëָ̺Сأɧ꣬Һİ
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໣໡ɧ갡ɫհ㣬֧㣡
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Ҫǲ͸߱еǷ俴Ŵҵĺ󱳡
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ղŴߺһԼĴڸУȵظү裬үȲ衣
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ǲҶղôֻˡ˭˫ڵ˫ͫ棬ûбֳκȴ֪үˡչүʮҲ󱳷
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Ӧڶ᷿
ȷʵɽ粻֪ģҴϻʱѾ᷿ˡֹ
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ӵǲСһƴԵʯϣп𣿡
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ȷʵүղɳţ̵ķǳáǰʲôһ֪ڵղ㣬ģǻУҲҪȴûзģܹͬԼвסھûүıҲܹúܺá
ǾͺáղĿнҲѵЦ⡣СؤؼңֻҪúţʳǣСȴѾĥԽԽɫԽԽΡ
õСȻᱻ䣬ʱͲˬˣΣ
Ѿ˶᷿
Ǿڶ᷿ŰɣϾǸͬʶģھͳĻ̫ˡֳԼĶͷһͽŶ᷿̤һ
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УҶ֪ʱ᷿˵ˣ˵Ǳͨˣҳһ£ҪĶ
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ȥ졣С뿪ˡ
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Ȼʶˣʶһ˱ͱӣ취ȻߣҲʶһ
㲻λʶ֮ӣϱӾͽˣʶù



ʮ  XҶ裨壩



ԴǴ˺صĲƾȫȫҶָˣһսݵĴ󽫾ɲôҵĲˡ
ǣеʿǾͶԼҵĽʮҵĸҶʦ˶ΪҶǾʦϳԲµأ·ԲÿҩԡԲҲݡԽԽҶʦˣΪ̵ܽѾˡ
¶ʮˣҪˣҲʻһ·̣о·;лһЩԱΪҶĴڣвûвˡҵİӪկʼ׼عꡣ
˵ʵӪ٣Ϊʵ˺ܲ״ţо;УϳԵĶɣǹǻҪЩӪկú֮ƺеıʿһ£ʿУξĴ³ȥԣԵõսƷΪڼʳ
ʿһԼȥԣжˣǿûгԵʵˣ붼Ҫˮ
ȥ߽ҪȥأǴ̣Ǹ˵еĻƣȻҲ˺ܶ࣬ûдԵҲЩԾԾԣɵҶ˵ʱȴҶܾˣԣڻ
Ҷô򵥹ϵؾܾƶʱһҪȡҵĲѾˣ˵ֻȥԣ¡
Ҫٱþ𣿡Ҷֱв
ǰôһҶǸ־ϰʹг˰죬ֻ̾˿ðɣҲȥ
ƴͷɥӣ˿ɥȮദôʱ䣬ҶҲ֪Ǹˡƻ˸ȣҲ˸Ӷů¯Լǿ˯ûиǱӣҲϡȻǸ׾ˣദȴ˾ÿø
Ҷھ˼붷¶˾ģ˰ɣȥ
𣿡Ƶ۾ʱˡ
ûȥҪҡ
ɵۣΪʲôҪ㣿
ʲôĻҿԾͽҽΡҶ費žԼܵ˵㲻˵Ҫסһ𣿡
Ƶͷȷʵ
ĲԭӦȥҲҩҽλõĿһЩ۳Ҫˣо·Ҳ˵ȥԣȥɽ濴ûкõĲҩҪеĻ˵ܰĲκá
ԵĻޣܻ᲻̫ȫüͷ
Ҷü𣿿һöҲ룬Ұ޵ĻӦǿԶԸġ
ǡ˼Ƭ̣ʵȥԵĻͲôķ£ԼȷʵҪһ½ǣЩǺҶ棬ԼӿҪˣ˼ͬˣðɣҴȥԣҪҡ
ţһ㡣ҶͷøһƥȽѱ
Ʊ˵Щԡ
ҶЩεԼĶң̫á
ɾӪ沢ûѱսӶңƲԵҶײʲôزҶ裬Ȼкͱ˳Լеʱ˵õˣ˵ҶȥҶ費ȥ϶ҲͲȥˣ˼ȥֻ˵ҪҴ㣿
ҡ
Ƶͷǰ档
ǰ棡Ҷƣô룬ôýߣУСǰ档
ȥô죿Ƶû뽿߲ߵ⣬ڵĵҶȥ⡣
ңұ㡣
ǻҴ԰Һ׻㡣鹭ģܹǸں׾ͻҶ衣
ǾͲȥˡҶһ˵仰ͺˣڲҷǻͰ͵ؿţʵܲˡ
ðɣðɣǰ棬ǰ˰ɡңǽȻȥˣҪȥԵʱǵҡ
ŶӦЩɻҶ˵ʲôƴûܰԼסˣҶǵһҶ˵ҪԣҲֻĬĬﷴԣҲֻˣѵЩȫ۾ֳ𣿿Լôûио
žӶԼգҶѵԼʱı飬ţȴúƽһûʲôͷЩʼʰЩ׼̨ȥԡ
ڶ죬һˣЩЩ飬ÿÿʱ򣬾ͻʮֵ룬Լ˾񣬽ҪȥԣЩ˷ܣЩ˷ܲᱻֳһ֮κʱ򶼻ı飨Ҷǰٺ~
ȥҶʼ׵ҪԼȥʿӪ˺ܶ࣬ȫ˶ȥɽ棬ҪһһĳȥʣµǿӪկ˺ϴϵҶҲˣȥԣҲûʲôߣ䱳һװҩġ
Щ죬Ҷ;еıʿǹϵҲòʿǿŲʵҶҲһȥ𣿡
ǵģҪȥժһЩҩܲЩЧҩʵȥҪԭǿƣƾöֱȥɲҩΪڡ
ҶսսƢôáһʿЩǵʵ
ҪҶҹһƥɡһʿ˵
ãҺǽһ𡣡
ͽһ𣿡ʿǶŵصɴ۾ǵĽɴ˹ƥǧԣǽİ˭˵ķˣȴ
ǰôˣҶɻؿǡ

ˣλʿǣ׼ˣǾȥԡƿɲԸ˰Լæʿʰ׼ԡ
ڣʿһ˵Ҫȥԣȫľͼϣû𽫾ˡ
һŵϣһʹֱӷƵǴɫսϵëϴĺܸɾëмƺɫǺӽƷ֣Ҫǰȥһҿһ𣿡
ԣ֪᲻ȽˡƵ
Ҷôһ˵ЩԥƲסеĺ棬Ҫȥëƥûʲô飬ûеףڣûųҶַϵʱ򣬲˲֣ûҧҡҶ󵨵ǰë
һ˵ҧˣϲ㡣Ҳ֪ʲôζ֮úܵǧ׾ԾȻòôҶʱӦ˵Щȵġ
ҧˣǻô
ᡭƻû˵꣬Ҷһ˵Ĳҽ
ԭһ˲ƥβֱͣӰ˸һš
ˣ㲻˵ˡҶָëǸƤĺӡ
~׾ͷ˻һ



ʮһ ֮˱пɺ֮



ʶһҹ˸Ķ᷿Ǹʱ˯ֻʲôվǰ
С㡣ЩƵƮĶ䣬һ£۾Ŵ¹ֻܿߴĺɫӰ
ҪгȴһסͣҪһŮȴЩܹѵ˵ģԼǲҪܲʱȴһ˿˿ڣҵǴСˣ븶С㲻Ҫ¡
һ˵ŶĶҲС˺ܶࡣ
˼ˣŽ͵ַ
ǹǴˣ
ǡյСķɸ봫飬ǸС㣬˵ˣԺ͹鸶Сǲˡߴ˲˸ǰƾǲ
ǵ󣬵ھ׵ҹȴԵԣС㣬£̵Ѿ߾˯ڸⷿڷ춯ܿ鿴ˡ
ȻʶΪµȵʿȴһصı죬ڷŸձѾƿ˾˷ϡѾֻǸͨˣȻû취Щ书ˣֵֻؿڴϵĸС㣬ôˣôˣ
ûӸոյһϵблѾˣŻָһЩ״̬ɤӣһԼЩ΢ҵͷ£ֻجΣȥЪϢɡ
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˿ѹˣŴӷΧվڸߣˣոҵͻˡ
޷ոһ˲䣬ѾȫˣǴӽˣҲ˵ڿԶǸؤʵʩˣˣʵԺ󶼻ҵķԸ
ûˣʲô⣬ܷԸ
ܺá˵ͷҪǰץһˣץεĵط
û⣬ˣҪȥץ˭
һؤؤӾ͸гӵҪְƤιԣݺݵ˵
ȫû⣬Ҫ˸֪ؤʲôط
᷿ҹҹүͬߣŸ⻬ı棬һؤƾʲôƾʲôܵүĶ裿ҲҲ
⡭ˣܹ飬ոǿҪҪ߰°еѶȰ
Ǹողǻ˵ҪȫȫҵķԸѵҪˣˣǴӸ´Ǽҵָʾ
ȷʵûӿû˵ǲҪؿ۰
˺ٺЦ˼ø˾úëֱǣҪʲô
ǲûҪʲôֻҪӷϵõһô˶Ÿ˴ָ
ҿԸǮһЩȫǡ
ǮҪǮûʲôáûбΧס۾͸¶Σյ顣
ҪʲôЩ˵Σ֮⣬˱ӣŲŲ
ǲҪǮ˵ɫȴǲҵҲˣүϲŮˣ˴ǸؤүҲһ£Ͷ᷿δҲ̫ϧǸ缸˽į˵գ˶ǰ
ﰵãҪȴһסͣǰץסޱôק˵ϣϽʣҲһ¡
ҪУȴһ鲼ֻܷ΢
ƤĶÿȻͣǾʹúһ·ˡİɣˣ֮ǻܿ취ץסǸؤʱؤ㴦ãô
ȻţһŮôˣֻᱻ⼸˰Ū

᷿ԴղĻ˯ţϰڹûҵţһ۵ðھ¶û취ѡ
ͻȻһӲһŹ˹Ĵǰ
ԭӦͬ˯ͻȻ۾ͻȻֵĹ棬˸ƣСĵؽղ㰲ŵϺһ£ǹȥݡ
᷿жʵ
ˡ
ˣ
ǵģү
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ͺãʶҪҵֳȴƫƫԸԸȥκŮ̴Ӷýңļҹź򡣡
ǡӦһܿʧ
ⲽѰԴղߣϴССƺѾо¶ȣŲߣĻ
Цֱղ㣬ղڳԽԽ׳ˣӣҲȫˣӱϲͣղϣȴôŶ˳ۣԺղ㳤ñԼҪߴˣҪô
أϲĻղˣôôϲղ˯ʱǻժߵģʱҲ档
֣һġղ۾ӡͣϸϸһһ۾գЩ̲סǰȥղĶͷǼͣͷһȣͲȥˡ
ղ㣬̾˿ʲôʱܳأ㣬ڵղƺʮ갡ԼƺҪٵϸ갡ֻ꣬ܽеСţοԼֻǵָһ˲䣬ܿͻȥ
һ֮ЩˣĺܶŮ̴ӱʮ᷿ʼŮ̴ǲ̤ĵطүϲˡ
ڸ˵ǸҵҹʧȥΪȫĳΪеԹԹǺһЩǣһŮˣǿˣԹţԹˣԹ޵ģǼӵǸСؤ
ǣǲ˵ҰǸؤץôˣѵ˵ų𣿡ݺݵؿؤ޺޵˵
Ӧ飬˱ûŵԣֻʶķԸٻףŮˣȴû뵽ֱ֮ӾͰѶ᷿乬û񣬸ûа취شｻֻ͸š
⸶ҲǸ֮ˣ˲ʲôˣȴϲ˸ӣϼһ֮Ը



ʮ ղ㱻°



ʶȥߵˣ˵µȵȴ䲻ʶ֮ԴδǴΪģֻΪˡ
óöйƶǵľʶǣҪǧٹֵĶҩǵļֵ죬룬ʶԸ֣û׼ǻţȻǼҲûҪΪʶ
ڻʳǿɫҲǹˣӦ˸ҪǾĥţɲɣ󶼰Ů˴置쵽ôһǮһأͨͨĹȻ󣬺ٺ١ҹҹϸ衣
֪ǵ̣ǴӦԼѾıҪôղʹˣ춼ǰղ°
һ죬ǳˣǵŹƳ棬ǿԲ˵໥˼룬ҲˣǵжͻȻġ涼ȥ֪ͨ
죬һȥ糯ȻЩһֱҪղ֣ʶµĸֲΪ壬ҲһֱŸﵷģǸʶһ
Ϊȷղİȫ᷿ܰ˸֣ղ㲻Ҫ뿪᷿˵Ӧһʧģȴû뵽˾Ȼùƶ
˾ôĿŵؽ᷿ηضʮ֣ǸúЩս̤᷿һ᷿ڵ˶Ѿǵľ綾ûУһ͵ز
ղ㣿µؿǶصӰȴȻܺǶŵղ㣬ȻЩر𣬾Ȼûе£ӦҲˡ
ղȷʵҲ˶촽ѾЩϣ֮ûе£ΪǸҩǵĶ̫ĲҩҲֹֻԵӣǣǵʲôˣҾ˺ү
ղˣǵĿ겻ү㣡
ң
ûͦŮҪعԭҪ㡣
ҲߣһһֱүߡղǰĽָǡ
ߣɲ㡣˲ɷ˵ղΧסĹûϰңǵľ綾ǵĶ֡
ҾԲߡʹ˫ģ˫ȷղ㻹ʮֵľǲֻգǰ
ϱˣͷһΣܵĵˣүȻݣȴûܹˣܵˣĺۣۣǰһ˹ȥ
Сǲһ˽ղֱӿԼļϣȴȥȥѷ˽ӹ
á໥˵ͷȴֻղһܿ뿪ˣ׼ȥ᷿
ʲôˣôմӵ´ͿһصԼĸ׼Ҫ뿪ĺˣ¾òæѰղӰԺûղ㣬ʱʶǰĸ˸ùղأǰôˣ
㾹ȻҲûιȥĸ˿һʲô书̴ӣôǶһ¶ûС
۵ϵһ촽ϣɫ࣬жˣǵʲôˣ
ʲô˲ҪܣȻû취㣬Ǿ͡һͻȻǰֻԼСһֵǣǾӦô
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ȻǵĶû£Һܲˬòһ㡣
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ȻӾɾȫˮŲ˶೤ʱͻûˮ棬˵汾ȴһֱȣֽźܿͱڲϺžˮƲס³ԼҪֲסʱˡ໡
ң
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ھͷϿܿ쿴һֻͷȻ֪ϣһͷϺףǶԴˣң룬취ŪȥңҪֲסˡ
໣޴ˮˣǴԴΨһ뷨
⼸Ҷ˯Ҳ׼ҳǣ᷿߳ûжԶӾͶˣҪŶģȫ̲סУߩУ
ǣûйػˣһԺ浹һصˣˣҰ޵ı֪ΣգͻȻ뵽СЩţԺ桢ȥûпС
ܿ죬ĶȵǴŮǴˮĵطģͷһ죬ͿʱʱСչԼ࣬ȣô죡
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໡ŵòᣬұϲ˱ţôµķϣΪѵˣצ£໡ûµģûµģȥˡ
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໣ҶһֱӴԺ˳ȥŵĺܶˡ
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ʲʲôܼҶʱɵۣղ㾹ȻʧˣǿǴ£Ҫү
ܼңЩȥ֪ͨȥү
⡭ܼұҪ˵Щʲôɴҵٶ̫죬תۼֻʣ±Ӱ



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үС̫ηηԻһ
ϵĴǶ̸۵ĺܼңûע⵽ߣͲС̫ŲŲ£
ϵˣһͷʹſڣ˵ϳ˺Ҫ飬Ҫ̾ͻȥһˡ
ܣҵ󣬴ûгһΪλ˳ѵղ㣿˿˵ʲô֣
˵ȷʵǳ˴£Ǹ̴ȫʪģǱˮ̳һ
һ֣ľãǳ飬Ϊ̴ӼµƲһͷܳȥ˵Ͼȥ
ǣүС̫˵ͷʱһּҴҴӲܳȥˡ
ϴΪϵطǷóս۲ݣʱȴûʲôȥЩˣɤӣֱӶҲЩƣԪ˵ʣ
Ԫ˳۾һƣ
ȴҡҡͷơ
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ҪٻȥϣϳЩ顣ʵ˵
ԪˣûһѪ³̸£ʱ㸮ϵ飿
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⼸仰һ˵ڣ϶ʱѻȸһЩԱҪԪȴͬشЦ뵽һȥ洫
ҪĴǼϱ̬֨֨һ
ʣ£ˣȷʵЩҪ顣
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ǼҲ֪ʲôˣرóöû´ΪһֱҰҩԵʣǱǸ˾棬ҪǴңҿɾͣɾͱˣ
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໣໣һֱߵĴңͻȻֱӣĳطϻͷ໡
ߵǰ۾֪
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ǺãȥղһëҪʬΣ
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ղԼʣǿˣȴûӦǱڶ᷿ĸ㣿
ûңûԼҵϰɣ߽ݺݵҵҪؤǿʲôԻүġղߡ
ס֣ҵδүܸκ˿ղ
ƫҪҵҪöүǳʲôӡ
ղ㲻֪öүô˼Ӹ˵ǿ϶ʲôóƺҪƲøԼߣʵǶˣ߾ôǿӲرק
һǵԼΧ˼˶ˣȻΪжĹϵ촽ЩϣӰУһаȡ
ǸӣѹүôϲˣòȷʵǱȲĳҲһЦˣҲЦˡ
˵үôԸ⿴һۣԭΪô˳һ϶ˣǺ꾫
ղüͷԳ̬֮ŮˣˣһЩҲֻͨˣү
û˯˯һ֪Ҽ޸үôãûһ£
ղʹ飬֪ĺҲ˺ŮˣԼҪ޸ү벻ҪƵҵϡүѡĻᣬԼԸؼңȻѡӦүһаţ
ܲˣڶ᷿¶ϣȫûκγҵӣܲˣҪõү㣬Ϊ㣬ΪͻȻһѶ̵ղұ׼Ⱥֻ֣ؤү㣬ǣ̫ˣүǿˣٰȥô죿ԣҪһˣҪү㶼֪˭
񶾵ŮˣޣŮǱǧ򱶣ղһĭֱµ˸ϡ
û뵽ԼᱻһؤĭĨȥϵĿˮŭֱ㾹ңеĵôصĴղϻȥ
һʱƤղֻĵۣȴҪأһҲԲү˵ҵһ˵ģղ㣬ղûá
ֻһѣ㿴ڳʲôӣҪҪ໪ҪѪģҪñ˿Ŷöġ
ɵ׼ٴλȥʱȴıŭ
ס֣ղ㱻ѪܵĿѣҪǰȴ˸Χסÿ
үǵĶڸվվ˰ɡ
Цһǵɵӣûзͻ𣿡

˻ûзӦѾʹ˳ɵĹ˸û취ĹᲢۣ˲ͱſ˵ϣŸƷ˳ȥײǽϣ³һѪ
ô죿
̫ǿˣߣ˿֮ǰ˵õļƻεĸ뿪
εĸô뵽Լ°뱲ӻԶ˴һ



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õö̫ǿңֻǷ;ͷĿѣ˴Ÿ뿪ˣӲƴĻܻսܡ
Ȼڲ᲻սܵˣ˦Լͷ˱ڼϵղ㣬ղڵ״̬ܲãжĹϵϻеˣƯϵǵ˰ҲѪ˶ۡ
ղСĵشӼϷ£ڻ鿴š
ղȴֵסԼү𿴣ҵ
˳ô᲻ַҿ
ղȴԼֱҡͷ𿴣̫ˣ𿴡֪үϲԼȴ˻ʵûټүˡ
ӵκãûϵҿԣٵˡСʧֱ۵ҪСڱѾˣĸѾһǧܵķˡ
Ȱ˰죬ղڰַ˵ȫǰֱӴ۾ͨǼ⣬Դ˿ڴĹͷ֪ղʹ࣬ӻȡҩ˿ϣʱֹסѪ
ղ۵Ҫҧأһҧ;˿۵Ҫ
˿̫ˣ̣
Ӻ̡ղᶨ˵
ӺͷղĶһ£ϴȥ˶ҪӵҽΡ
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үղµץ֣үôˣѵ˵ѵ˵Ҳж𣡡
޷ѾʱѹסˡסӣЩǱղ㣬ײײ뿪
ţˣ˦֫
~ղһѪ̴չҪղ㣬ȴֹס
ղж㲻ٴ˻ȥ
໡ƺĻһϣԭ·ܡ
ղΪ綾ʹѾ˹ȥʱ״ʵҲܺãѣţȴҪʱ̱ѡɱѹƵĶ̫ǿûһǰһڣղһӴҵıϵȥ
ȫеĴңͻȻоԼıһᣬͣԼצӣһȴղһԶĵϣɰŻˣæܹȥղ״ȴ˵ĺѾʮ΢ˡ
໣ɶ࣬Сѣ˯໣ñӹˣҧ˵䣬ȴôѡ
໣໣໣ǣҪҪԺú͵ˣҲٰŪˡ
˶ſ˵ߣǣԲĺ۾ˮ߳ʱʱĺñӹղ㣬໣໡
˭˭Ⱦǣ˭
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໣໡Ҽˣͷ֣ͺ
֪Ҵˣа취οҵԴغӵ£㣬үүղ㶼Ҫˣ
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置ĵĶҩȻˣ
ΪһֱүղιѪΪ֮ǰЩھ浣µģǰҲιȥˣڻûѡ
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ûбץӦ챻֮ҹŸ뿪ˣӵ˵е綾Ӧ置֮ȥˡ
置ʢƶɲ˶ȥĵطʵץˣҲֻաĻֻǸ̫ξҿжֻǸ֪ԪᣬָվǸ̫ξŮͨ˼置ĶʦԼ¶置ĶʦǴģ˵Լûв
⵹Ҫʶֻ֪ʶһֱСĽ˵ʶɵҲû֤ݣһݰֵҲָð⵹ʶֻҪ˺Сĸۡ
Ԫڵ֪˴֮󣬲Ȼŭ۰ĶӣͲӦôӦʶûвϸĸ͸꺮ůһ֮ԪͿʼ̫ξˡ
̫ξûʲôɽΰŮѺʶҪϵʶɽģȴû뵽ⲽȫߴˣүТŮŪжˣ϶ûкùӳԣڻʳǾֻеˣʹһСʰϸǮ׼뿪ȴûԪϵ˴£ڻʳСϵһСء
ˣҳ˸֮˶˸ɾһҹ֮ȥ¥յĸһʱҲʳǵ˵˹ݰĴڡ
֪˵ʧٿ϶ԼҵĸйأֻƤԸϸԼѡϱôʧ飬һֱҺ˵ãΣӦкܳһʱ䶼ٸѡˣҲиһʱСú顣
ղѹĵڶѹˣѹղЩ쾫һֱǺܺã֪ղ㾫񲻺õԭ򲢲ܵЩˣܵˡ
ղһֱ˵ûʥּղ㣬Ҳ´ÿһղ˵󣬶Լȫȥɡ
ܾǰͶղ˵ϲô϶Ҫ˰̣ղҷǳעرԼʱЩŮһЩطҲˣղһֱװ~ۣˮе~ԡ
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ղﰲοղ㣬һֱ˵ûµģûµģӵڣ£ܿͻúǰһƯղӦţȴκεϲá
ôˡѾҩ࣬ɴղһס棬Ϊüչģ
үղ㿴ãڻǽõĻ˵ˣүңûãôصˡ
ⲢûãõĶ̫򲻹Ҳο
ղҡͷǣΪӺΪԼµĴҽڡ
ҽڡЩԼղĴ̫ˣʶһ㣬üʱСϾǾеˣҪô壬ղ㣬ЩԱ⣬Щ޷⣬ֻڷ֮ȥֲ
ֲ˵ģүҵѾˣôֲˡ
˾κãҲһֶԴֲʽңղ㣬ⲢĴǸܺߡɽҽɴʵۣɴڡ
ղҡͷæҩѾˡ
۾ͺã۵ĻҾȥӵˡ
үĲˡղ˫֣Լϲ˲䣬үҰɣ
ţ
ү˵ǸĴһԭ²Լԣүҡ
Ҫ㣿֪ղ˵𷣣ʵ˿Ӵƨ~ɣÿÿղ㷳˴ôղȫߵͨ죬رɿڡ
ƨ~飬ղ㱾ʮϲСˣ߳ĸˣرشĴһ㲻ȥˣȴû뵽ղ쾹ȻԼˣղЩ΢εʵ㵱Ҫ㣿
Ȼú߳ܣղ㲢ûԥţֱӹӵţǰѿӸˣұ룬ү𷣡
ѾȳƵļ⣬ԭϸ˫~ڸӵĽʵˣȻӲӲģ赲˫~ȵϲһԼĿˮǺãͺúõ㡣
ү𷣡ղ۾˵
ǺãһҪݺݵ㡣Ϊղ㱳ԼԵʣ˫ۺ޼ɵɢԼղĿϵԾЩ
ղֻƨ~ۣүûһδôҲ˵Լ˰ɣղţүţҧ촽һԡ
˲ŷԼúһЩղƨ~ѾЩ÷ˣ˵Ȼܺÿ滹ЩǸģϾĶͲǺܵɤӣղ˵ˣͷ
лү𷣡үڴˣղ˿Ҳʱ˺ܶ࣬ҪӴϣȴûֹЩɻĻعͷүɻҪ򣿡
ղʻüëҪҴ򣿡
Ȼղ֣صص˵ͷ
ӣεҡͷЦɵСӡ

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ǡղ;ӵƵү
ǡǡʱűƿˣү
սŵӵղ㣬סˡ
磬үȥøҩˣϾͳղ˵
ͻȻͷð亹û뵽û뵽үȻôСղ飬ᱻɱڰɣԽԽԼӣǸæǣȺ˵үһʱȻʹ
ӴԼһˣⶼʲôڲӦøϿү
ʲô£ͻȻͳĶϣÿղײ⵵ԼҪˡ
ү磬˵ղɻԼͷ˵ʲôšղһתͷȴѾˣŶĵشˣ֡
ôˣ
ոģôֳȥˡ
üͷǵӴˣǾ˱һûйˡ
ү˵أΪ˾ʧѪءղ˵
㻹ΪҲû취Ͷ̥Ȼ㲻ǵãҿɼءܺúܺá
һӶղ˵Щģߵղ£ˣ˵ô࣬ƨ~ɾҩ
Ŷõġղľƨ~ɡ
ֻ촽Ϸһʪ~һȴԭԼֿʼѪˡ
үղûжͷһһѽүôˣ
ôˣôˣһֱվſڵһղļæܽѵүˣӹһӣȴүѪԼˣͷСĵؿү
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һٶղЦ˼ȴûˣ̱ڴϣϾڷŸա
Ҳ˴ڻԼļ򣬡Ϣɣҩˣٺҩ
ҩܿࡣ
Ҳóԡ
ðɡղӦһ
Ͱ͵ģĶͷһڣ㲡ˣȥɽѩȥ
Һүȥ𣿡ղ۰Ͱ͵ؿ꣬ʳģʵϲǺүһȥ֮صǶʱ⣬Ȼûй̶ľȴΪΪϯɽҰζ˸صط飬ĸо˺ܻ
ԣҺˣˣԸ𣿡
ţԸ⣡ղæͷԼϵĲһ룬Ҫ̾ȥ׼
ղ۾˷ܵŹ⣬ֵõȫˣǲߣԣʱҺúúóԷǵгȡ
ţһúõĳԷúúҩһܿãھ˯үղתӣͷ°棬һֻץסһͷ棬һ˯ϲ飬ѾպĹܿ˯ˡ
֮˯ԺʱָһӵҩȻ֮࣬Ҳи嵭ҩζûаҩ³ҩЧܺãܿһҲ˺ܶࡣ
źҩղ㾫ͷѾãҲǷˡΪܹղúóԷһֱղ˵˲ܴȥɽ
԰ʾƺЩңղʳú˺ֻܶ࣬ܳ뷹γ˽룬ӵĲˣԸ⣬ʱ򻹲
Ȼǿղķɴ۾ȴʮ⡣
һ죬˸һСҺʹҸ߸뿪



ʮ 뿪



׼Ӵ½ǣȴû뵽յſھͱٱסˡ
վסʲôˣΪΰסôһֻܣٱͷһ˶ߵܣŵ˫ȶе׳ŵӺ˵
ǳˣֻǽ˵ɽѩҪһȥɽѩֻǼҳ裬ҲֻȥתתˡڶĴңҸܵߣһƨڵϣɵؿصͷ㿴
ֻŻЩҰ޵˵ǲˣôǵģʲôͼ
ңˣٱһۣԼһŵװ磬Ȼ˵ˣʵջ𣬵سǵٱ˾ְΪүҲùλүʳȴһܣҾǼҵӡ
ʲôӲٱĻ˵ʲôȴԱһֵֵܸס졣
λү۲ʶ̩ɽߣ߰
ߡʶȤһղ㻹дС뿪ˡ
λס͵ĹٲˣæסԼ͵ָקΪʲôҪ뿪ǡ
ʲôǰӣĵʳǵˣ㲻
ҹزĻʳǵʲôϵ
Ӵҵүү
ôܣôܴ⣡ٱɴ۾
ӴôЩСʲôŶ
⡭
ʳֻһܣǾ˵еԣ˻ȹˣϲĽء
⣬ǡٱͷ󺹣ʱԼԴҪסˡ
ҿүҪһȻ˵ôƵʲôĿ˱ˡҲллңҪס죬ɾ͡
ǣһҪлл㣬Ⱦơ
ӿɽҲԺѧŵ㡣
ǡ
ٱ˼¿ʼǵĳţʱղһŴңһСƻš
үҴû߹ôԶ·ϣ᲻۰ղʵ
໡ᰡ
ᡣ
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໣໡
߶·ȵСϢ
~
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ӣͻȻԼƺԽԽ˵ˡ
ղһԿүʹңЦүڿʼ׽ء
𣿡
ǰǰ㣬Ӿͽţڲˣһʱʱȥһ¡
ֺңԵ⡣
໡ྐྵȻҵС˼ԺҪıսԡ
Ŵë׵ԲԴûסֱȥ£ΪǼģϴ裬ҵϺܸɾëҲкֵܲǺܲϢʱŪɽԡ
ҵ۾һ໣ܲүˬԺ󱾴үıרˡ
ղҲ൱˷ܣүүкͳѧܶҰζأ
ԣҪúóԣϿζ
û⣬һֱ˵úóءղ΢Щ˵
㶼ѾԹˣΣյ۾ѹ˲ͱЩû뵽СöǳԵһڵǸˡ
Ĵң˲оղԣԭƨҡεβͣҲҡˣͣƨɼϷŶ
ΪԼòóԣԳһ£үȷʵóԣǶʱΪҵķҩӣܿġղ˵
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ղСҵƨһ£С̼ӿ˶ղܺšʱղͷȥʵү治
ƳȥȻԼСǵԽԽˣҪԽѵ䣬ɿղ۾ȴֽѵ
ǺǣүҿҺСҶˣǰˣǾȥϢɡղ۶Ц
մЩЦʵûʲôɻؾҸոҲǴӦȥϢˣ˵ͷǺðɣ˵ϢϢȥЩ
ǣղ㶯˶СϵСңߡ
ԡСӦһӿ˽Ųһͷ¿ȴղ㵱Ҳ֪ǻ컹ôˣ֮ٶȷʵٶȲ࣬СڵֱǺܿ죬˲ʹղС֡
ѧĹɲǰѧģղֻȼסСҵĶӣһ˼ʯӺ󣬶ΧҰҰþһͨ򣬿ſűСûκʹͬʱԼҲõ͡
ȫСҵϣһյأү֮ǰ˸ӣѴòϺϵɽøɵĴҶڵ棬ڿӡ
ս־ŵһζŵζ̵ֱˮ˶ܶ˲ͷˡࡱĽ
СЦؿԼϵƨɣԾ͸ҿһȥ
~һĸצӾζԴͷ˹ȥ͹ⷢ⣬ҵ۾ɶˣôԴղϲȥ໡
ң䣬᲻ԡղ㱻ҲеǺǺǡЦ˼յֱӴӴҵı
ζǲųɫܺõ⣬ĵؿ佱š
һ˽лأүϴ㿾ҳԵǸررϲءȳ⣬ǿԳԽл
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ٺ٣лү佱ղ۾ŪүɣҰ㾻֡
ղ׼õë֪ܰɾСҵϷ˸СͺܶɾĲΪľҪүչ˵ġ
ҵСղʱôչˣЦΪԼæǰæղ㡣
˵Ҫúչүġղشš
չ˵ģԺҪʲô˿ô죿
ûϵԺһֱչүү߲ˣҲչˣ춼ҪɸɾġղĲָһһַҲǼᣬǶԴıһ
ӣȻʵȥʮĵĻıͷˣҲԴϣû˭ղˣղ°ͣղ㿴Լղ㣬ǱˣûбԲ뿪𣿡
ղףүղߣղ㶼ߡߵֿ죬Цñж࿪ˡ
ͷժղϵߣ£ɵϣôء



ʮһ ﱻ



⿾⽹ۣǡôղ˴ֻȣʣµľͶˣСǳԲݵģҪ⣬ղͰСǣ˻Щݵĵطԡ
ˣҰ˵٣ҵһЩûпݻƵģղڵһЩ֮ĶһַڻϿһֱӽĵطں졣
һʱ䣬˰Ұ˳ˣղٰѻӸϨ˿ʼĽл
лôҶӰһ࣬С̴Ūѿ漡ζ̾Ʈ˵ıǻ
žͺ㡣
ٺ٣Ҳáղһߺ̣һ߰ɢζֻڸɾҶϣСѼһ㻮ˣǰүŪˣòóԣҵء
ͽգΪʦȻҪúóΪʦҪͽԾТ
ղɻؿһۣܿͻˣץһ۵ļ⣬պմϣˣŵǰʦͽΪ
ʮϵſ죬ߵļͬղһͬԽղϵļ󣬻ָ⡣
ʦͽְѽ򡣡
ղҪ֣ȴָקסͷ˼£ΪʦͽζҲζġ
ʦҪҪͽιˣղɡ
ȻҪġſղ֣ÿÿղιҪղһԽȥ
үղٶΡ
ˣˣ˲óԣҲԡҲһ鼦ι
ղ㿴쵽ǰļ⣬ͻȻһ˿ûзӦʱͬķָ档
㡭СԼϺĸоԼôһ˲ķ̣û˵ʲôСͷſ֡
үֺءղЦа
޻˵ֻԼСؤѾˣ氵ⶼĽ⡣
˽ĵڶ磬ĥţ϶ڱʲôҪԼˡ
һ;˻ϷĺгΧнˡ˾ͷͷŴСԭط˼бſϢСڲݵȥʳԭһжܺгͻȻһŮ˵ļ
Ӧ˲۾ڲԶվţȻʮֺµһŮӡ
Ůӳû㣬ϻŨױҲƯ¶״ŮϵĸͷĥŮӦӻˡ
ĹӲӻŵ£ȴûŮȴԶĵطǺιǣʲôˣôһֻܿһ𣡡
׼شղ׼شԼҲ׼شˡ
ɴҾͲͬˣŮ˸ˣϲƯСأһƯСϲȥֺãСڿûŮˣ̾˾
֫צŵأ˶ԼëһЩԵú̬һ㣬գգԼĴ۾۾ˮˮϲСǶϲӣֻ֮ҪԭشСǾͻ
ԴʶŮӣҲˣЧǺ룬ŴһСͱԼۡ
Ҿúˣתͷղο໣໡
סԼĶͷԼʶͷܡ
үҲǹİϲС㰡
໡ûûίĴצӴԼͷϣͰ͵ġ
ܣҪʰ̯ӡɸֵصһ
ˣңүͬˡ
໡ָ̻˻ǰȥ˲
ողڵϴбۿһ£̾ӽסҶˡ
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໡ҲӦһ
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ٺ١ղЦ˴ҵͷֻү׽׽ϲ㰡
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Ūˣӣ뿪ͺãϾǼҵܰˡ
ŶղͷǸôλŪأ
Уֱӽһˮ
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ΪүұҵҾ;ŮǱķŮǻҺܶණءղ˵

ղܿӣŮӵԣĴָݺݰһУŮ˱úܿ˹
ӣˡ
š˵ͷǸЩǮǾ߰ɡ
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⡭
ιǼҵǸЩ£Ǹǡղˡ
ǣӡղ㽫ӷŵŮӵ󣬴˸ڣСҾ˹һСҵϣҵԼ
¿ӣܡֵϣǷˣҪ߰ɡŮӽеԼϵĺɰ棬СŲӸ˵֣ȵȣȵȣܴܲһ·
С˵
Ҫȥ
ɽ
ɽͬ·ǿѩǰɣҶϤҿԸǴ·ҿԡŮӾš
Ů̫ˣתͷݺݵһֻۣҪԼȥҪ˴·ҲҪӻһ𡣡
ǿӻ˰ʵʵŮ֧֧ᣬͻȻֿ޳ˣҲǿǼûǮҵͰˣȥ˼ҵСţҵȻϰǰҰҺòײͳλ;ȾҰɣİôСŮӶ𣿡
Цһҿûôƭûв㣬ӯǻЩȭŹûޣԼӦߣһܵٵϣЩ·ܵʳǣȥ
ҡ
ɲ˵ʲôˣֱӶղ˵ߣղ㡣
ǣӡ
ǣŮָղĺ󱳣ںţôҾ书ôңֺǸŮ˰Ͳܶϧһ£Ͳܴһ£԰Ǿʹһ·£Ұ~
Сָղ



ʮ ˸



Ů˽䣬˵һˣһֱǵ׷ᡣ
ջǴŮˣŮԭֻΪŮ̫ˣûа취ղڴҵϣŮСҵϡŮ˾͸ƤҩƵģȥʲôطҪǣǲԷҪһڡ
ҲرŮˣϾŮ˵뷨ϣԸֵģȻǣҪҲʹˣܹǲһֱšZϫFՈPע
Ǻܿ͵ɽڵΪɽɫ˵ɽǿҪˣҲкܶС̯̯ҲźܶˣҲҪȥɽѩġ
ɽϺģҪ£ͷɽ϶ᱻѾԹԵذѡͷˣһһ׵ģҪҲһһƤµˡͷٴñӣһô
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ðɣðɣȻҪǾͶɣôСղأҲҪ񣿡
˵ҪʲôҾҪʲôղص
ղô˵һ㻹ǯ˼롣
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ǿҪģǰҲʱŪҳԡ
ҲŪָزţҿʮָմˮͱٸ˵ûˡ
ӱͺܺðղ㲻Լ˵滰λΪʲôǾԼ˵Ǽٻ
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ᰡҾӶǼҵǶܺðǲǰЩʲô飿
ߣҲաһ˿ˣܿͱЦݸڸȥ
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ҡҡͷ˼Ǳ˵ԼǲҪֵĺãղص˵ͷ
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ӵġղ
֪ô˵ֻӵļһѾָˣղԺ϶ΪӶԹͷȳԹ˿ͷͨˣˣȻСղ㶼ģôղǽɽϻסꡣ
סꡣֲɽϣγҪղ㵽תתɢɢİˡ
ǺãǾȥס꣬һұָɾĵ棬Ҵȥס佫·СҵıϺǣСǰߡ
ΪһдҵĹϵϵ˶ܾǣ֮Զÿһǣһֱͨ衣
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ܻͦɰġ
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~СҰҶԼҪǰȥȴԼһߡ
һΪվԼߣûпԼȺп˿ȴһ˫ڵͫݺݶԼɱ໡
Һµ
ôˣ
໡Σհࡣʾ󿴡
˳Ŵҵ󿴣ûпʲôȴҲоƺʲôڸǣĪʶɹˣ룬ȴ־ò̫ܣؽʶӦʱҲҪЪһЪˣߣʶԼӦöǸ֣ɲôױԼ
ѵǳŴģ۶ĴңͻȻҪ֣οԵĴҵͷû£˾һ
һ״˵õأ̫࣬ˡ
үôˣôеôңղɻؿֿ۴ҡ
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໡ҿͰ͵ؿղ㣬ɧ꣬Բ˯档
С̾ôôһֻ̰ܣ
˵ʲôأѾջˡߵһҽо۸ջĵط۸񹫵ʵݣϻṩѵ͡
۸ջװ꣬أȴʧ˵ͷǲ㻹ͦѡطġ
ǵȻǰҺǼ١ͻȻסԼ֮ͣǰҲܺóԣϴԡĶҲܸɾӦûϲ
š˵ͷǽȥɡ
ߵһ룬ͱ˸סˡ
СŴңȶе㷢طСҪǰܷŽȥˣûǮ⣬ȵȰλү˿ԽܽǸסĿջס
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໡һӦš
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ݺݵһСƱͺǿСˡ
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໡ҡҡԴʾԼҪϴ衣
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˵ûģԺ˵ҵĻġ
ðɡʼӦţȻǲֻܻĻĵġ
С˰ӣһֻܵĽ뵱Ȼ˶˲٣һɨӣǺĿ⾹Ȼ˶ҿ
ĿбֱӸСĺһŷҾ͹ɵظͬĿбӡ
ȵ˰ܶ˿ͷջ˲˿飬ʱһҲ˾۸ջһ˵ķڣס˿Ǻܽһ䡣



ʮ ʵΪ



ڶһ磬˴ĵƤ£϶ɽȥˣ;кܶǸһģʥأ·ôһЩ
ڼдҿ˼Źܺµÿһɽɺܶࡣ
ԽԽϲͷˣڶԼĻ׹ݡҵߣĴҵԴΪңɵ治ࡣ
ҽ鱾ЩãΪϣղ˰ˮͰ淭ȥϴ˺ü裬ϴʱֻܶʪģ㱻ղɾˣſë̺Ͽů¯ҲǱùǺԭҪһϵģȴûСıͷܶҪˣë׵ͷϲȥģš໡
ǼҴĪܾ𣿸о˵ʲô֪Цҡ
֪ҿɴˡһ㣬ղΪԺϾġ
໣ʱֲҽһ
ҽеôңղ㣬Ϊצӱʯͷ֮ĶˣͰѴҵĸצӶ̧˿ûʲôַһ´ϵëҲûпʲô˿ڡɴβͣȫӲΪأ
㵽۰ңҲǣͻȻҽСղŴҵƤëǵš
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ӣѵ˵˸𣿡ҵĸоղΨһܹ뵽Ҳڸǡ
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ͷ룬ղȺɽȥʲôˣôãΪʲô飿
ӣҺһȥɡ
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ҡղĻͻȻһʧ䣬С˵ȷʵûд˸Ƕûз֣ȥҲﲻæ
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Ҳоٴβ죬ˣֻܱȥŪβ͵Ĵңȴû뵽ԽŪңҸܵɱԽǿҡ
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ԼӾˣھȻһͷܺˣҲ֪Ǹø˻ǸѹֻվһԿ졣
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ʮ  XҶ裨



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ҶѩǵëƤɽϲ㹻ҩģһЩҩʯͷƤϣһЩҩֱӷŽƤϵζͳӳְƤҩĵĹϽҩζգٰƤڻϺ濾һȡЯ߽Ƥ첹һ£һ׵Ƥ̺ӡ
һж֮תƣһȴҲһȫ״̬ܲá
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λȥζҩĺҰҲһŽ˹棬׼ôһˡĺôڴõļ̨Աôţ֮ʳ
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ƵȷʵǱĽӣϾɽ϶ûӪů͵ģҶԼ£ƱøһЩûкһЩ
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پЩæһ׾ȥȡҩˣԻµľͷ룬ҩ棬˹ȥƺȡ
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ƣֿҩ룬ͻȻֻΪ˾㣬ûʲô˼Ҳ֪仰˵Ļ˵Լġ
Եİ׾ԣ׾ԡԡתȥʾˣôôģ˷ˣҲҲ
Ҷ迴׾תˣһ԰ҩ棬סƵ죬һһڸƹȥ



ʮ ʮ XҶ裨



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ڸĨҩʱҶʵѾƵȫ¶ˡ֪ѩƤסжôĽʵǷؼİ˿鸹Ѿߣ붼Ҷڸ
Ʋ°͵ֲܿƵһƣҪƿ̺ӡ·ҪȫҪ
Ѿƿ̺ӣȴڰ׾ԵġԡͣסˡػعͷŰ׾ԣȴ׾ԴųëĴ۾
׾ԵģҶƺ֪ԼҪʲôŰ׾Ե۾ʱ÷ǳ߳ܣоԼͷð̣ңֻǿûﲻͲ֪˵׾˵Լܹ飬ôûеԼ˶û취Լ˵ˡ
ԡҾͲţֻǾ黹ǵѹȽϺá
ڰ׾£ҶʵھûңȥˣſЩɲݣԳԵġ
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Լ촽ζһ𣿡
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תҪߣҶȴ˵Ѫѩ˵ˮһµţһˣƣ
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ɣϢȥŰ
ҡ
԰Ҷһۡ




ʮ ʮһ XҶ裨ʮ



ҶһۣƾͲ˵ˣԹԻȥéݶţ۾ȴ͵͵Ҷġ
Ҷҩݰҩҵҩ֮ٴνҩ׽ţõҩرģտʼոմȺδˣһ˼ֻƣȻܲҩĿ࣬ǿ󱳷飬ܡ
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šҪӹԼԣҶ迴˵֣뻹ֱԼָƤ͵ߡ
ԼԳԡƿ쵽Լߵĺ⣬Щڣſˡ
ֲ㣬ι㣬ԼⰡһ㣬Ҳ֪Ҫס죬ڷգóԺܶʳ졣
ŶҶô˵ֻԣҶĻûϵԣȻûʲôϣźҩζҲڣսĽþûʳʱԹʲôοڻһζҩš
ʮ⣬ֺҩЧˣϿʼͷ˲٣ֻȡҪôණ
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Ҷô˵ûǾͱŰɡԥƬ̣֣Ҷ§·ᣬס¶ļ
ҶΪչ·ϣ˶ˣԼȴ¶ĸ첲ƿŶ䣬ָԲĸ첲ȻһƬ
㡭һϵжҶܳ
ҶͱҴһЩƱã㲻Ǿˣչãұô֡
ͻתҶãգЦ⣬ȻҲͲƴˣƣҲɻ衣



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ɽϻ÷ǳޣе˶פۿҲ֪ǿϻڿӵǵˡ
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Ͼ˱ʮܣһֱ˯һŴϣҲղԼʱʱҲǡֻȷϹϵǵʱˣˣΧҲˡ
ÿÿҪղѹڴϷȥղڻǸӣôСĺ֣ʵòˣҲֻܽղ㣬ղϵϢԼ𡣶һҪ÷Ҫ꣬һ֮֮ϵү˵ʵЩ࣬ڣҲЩԷɢע
ͱ˺֮顣
Ľ֮󣬾һֱһڿջٯٯģ򶨵˶ȫܡ
˵СסҲȷʵ⣬ղƺҲϲʱϵЦҪҪ࣬书ҲǽѸ٣ȷʵҪղɽֵĴ㣬ȴڡ
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ﶼñȽϿ졣ղߣͬȥЬӣѽŷڴҵϡұţҲգɴ̱ڵϣĶƤǣǲȵԼҲȵ
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Сӣ˲þ֪Щˣ
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˵Щ΢죬ȴһغղ˵үֻ档
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Ŷղڻǲ̫ܸ״Ȼүô˵ˣһֱܹԵȻҲ͹ɵص˵ͷǵҳүɡ

˾ôͷͷŴҾţʵѵõʱ⣬Ͼֻкܶ෱ӵںңء
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Ҫѱ˽ȳȴһȺõס˲ӣҲֻǸôһȭŹ򣬲Щ˵Ķֻ֣￴˸żҪŴȥʱվ˳
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һǾô˵ϣȫû˼죬ý˰סЩɫһ裬еĵǺˣ֣
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Щô뵽Լү¾ͻһүҪǻȥֱӾɵۣһ·ϹǷ¶ޣϵģҪүһߣôٷ¶أ
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ȻеԴ󣬵ǲһԸǿϧˣʲô֣򽭻ʵ
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СĻ¯һȥղ;úůͣźүºƤº󣬲ְԼˣů͵е˯Ь࣬СȥŪҵĶӣҵĶģÿÿŶر
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ү޳ģһֱ赶ŪҲүԼĺܺãֻżӣղϲ˫ֵģҲԸⱻ˫ִģ˫ִԼƨϵʱֻҪ;ܵģһֱҲνġ



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صʳǺȺͽԶȥԱĸϣϾӦҪ˵顣
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а˿Ϧ꣬ղ㻹ܿıģүѵίӣЩЦ͵͵֣䣬үô˿أᱻЦ
û˸Ц䱻סˣͻȻͿˣſղԼСһȦֽţʮָۡ
үáղ֪Լݣ̴ǲӦúүվһţʮָģҪֳôϷţү
Ҳݣղ㡣
ү
Ҳϣ㲻ҪԼݡ
ҡ
˽Լ֣ģСղ㣬һ㣬κ¶䡣ҲΪˡ
ү
үôˣүͲԼϲҶԻλ֮ȤֻҪҵ¹̩񰲣ֻҪҵĸʽֻҪҵİڴϾš
ղ˱ͷᣬһ˲䣬Ҳſˣץ̧֣𣬷ŵԼǰţңҲҪү֣ڴš
Ǿͺáͬͷ촽ղֱϣҰе鴦׼ȥˮס˵羰رû紾ӣǸ˵ĺõطԸһ𡣡
ȻүȥҾȥһֱģ𣿡
ûЦղ㣬͵Ĺ⣬߰ɣõǵȼˡ
Ӷˣ֪û׼óԵء
ڵķ˵һ
~гԵģ~



ʮ ܷ



ú¾ͿʼæµˣϾҪˣԭһֱղ߰æҲæÿӰ
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ôͷöһֱߵղ㣬еǸˡղЩӵĹܼ򵥣ֻҪУݸ裬ĥīټ򵥲ˡ
ʵղǺүģ꣬һڣүǳæµȴǸæµҪЩҪ£ҪݷõĹԱ
ûôˣҲ֪Ϊλô࣬һһҲ޷Ǿǽ鱦֥¹ЩȴǸͬү˵ģܸ˼ԶӴһӴǰ죬˵޷ǶЩ׻үòͷøǷģҲվ˯ˡ
үڵ书ҲЩôģվŴ˯Ҳ书õô֮һټϴߣЩԱ˵ҲҿүȻҲ۲첻
Ȼվ˯Ϊ˭ûз֣ȴ˶˽
ʲôˣϱӿսսĽرڹ۲졢ˣοղǺϦദǸˡЩԱĿ׻Ȥתͷղһۣȴվͷ΢΢š
ĽǶû취ղ۾оղ೤ȵĺһ˯ôãôһ֪С˯ˡ
СӣȻô˯ˣĹȻõ棡Щߣ޲ھͰСŪһһ½Լѹ
ЩĹԱͻȻ;ϵϢԣСĵ̧ͷүȴүЩӳƵ͵Ǳ˼֣Щ˵Ҳ˺ܶ಻ͷ
үһԱײŵӺһһ£ҭ
£Ļڳ˺ëֱЩȴǲղģʱںܹ壬֪үΪѾʼΧ˲ͷˡ
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£۾ɨһԼǰͷһڹԱ
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Ϣ˵Ҫô
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ǣסղ֣ôһΪվ˯ӱϾǲȵģղô˳˻
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ү
ˡߣһŻˣȴ䡣
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ˣ˯ŵʱˡ
үԼ͵˯ˣղЩεԼĺԣԲүЩ˵Ļ࣬ղʵ÷ˡ
Ҳ÷ˣôţȴ˯ˣʵ̫ˡ
ղظоүԣһʶΪԼ˯ŵֱŤˣʮεءǺǡ
ЦüԼԽԽûˣȻΪʲôȺԱܹΪʲôС˴󣬻ǰЦ
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շתһ󣬲ŷֿղ㴭̧ۿүү𣿡
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̣һֱڷү
ָ˵Լ°ͣҪ㴩ɴ¸ȫĦ
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ûͷµؿŲ֪ղ㣬Ҫ·ȫѹ⡣
⣬̫߳˰
Ը⣿
ղһүʧģǣæҡͷûУүղʲôղ㶼Ըġ
ȥϿ컻ˣڴϵš
ǡ
ղ㿴ͶһĪļ򣬡үЩԱ̫ˣΪ˸˵Ҹίίɡ
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ǺܲղȻһļ⣬ƻԵѵȴʮȳƵģ޳ӸۣһɴվԼǰ˰ѳֲסɣ׼˰Ħõľͣϡ
ŶղСŲǰֽϾͣȻĨϣүңҿʼˡ
ʳָղ°ͣԼðѱ̵ˣϺú㡣



ʮ ҹ



ֻǸͨȫĦûþͱζղ㱻Ϲȥȥˣ˽˺ߵ飬󻹱ڴϳͷһͬĺ޲һͷײ
鶼֮ղԼڱ棬ˡ
ôˡЩЦؿŰԼӵղ㡣

׼ˣ

Ҳ
ţûУղѱקү˵ֻǰĦȴȴ顣
ôˣǰѹղϷ㲻ϲ𣿡
ңҡղ㱻˫ʯ۾ţ˾Ǳȥһ㣬ǲϲ
ǲˡϴЦ⣬ͷղϡһ¡
Ųǣڣڡ
ôˣ
Ǵ죡үүǣǡ
ʲô
ǰ
ûס͡һЦ˳û뵽һСղ㣬˵ֻ
ңҡղ죬үү㲻ġ
Ϊ˵Ҳ
ղ̾˿ΪүҪǱ֪ˣ϶ڱ˵үĻ
ʮֲ⣬ֱڱӰסղְ࣬Ǿ˵ȥˣ˵˻𣿡
ղͣҲү˵
֪ղǶãοͬʱĺ󱳣û취ס˵졣
Ҳ˵һ㡣
Һ飬ȴϣܶ˵һЩ¹˶֪֪жϲСñû취СǸʺ˸
ү
ѾþˣСղ㣬أС°ͣǿСԼȻѾļͲκε
ղ㿴ε֪ԼڱҪүһȷĴ𸴣飬Ѿ֪۽ǴЦղжүģԶүĻԶүңүҵһ̾Ѿ˰
Сղ㣬˵أ˵ĿʵϲСˣͷôײ

ϦҹչҪȥ͸ʣֵһġʵҪȥ棬ܸܵҵůģһڼūԼİղ㡣
ǱҪμӵģٲԸ⣬غղú뿪ˣңϻһҹҺܿͻ
ҹǸúͼһġȻҪүԼϾʹ˲үļ˰
ҲǱļˡļ磬ֻйĶǣɲмЩָղ㱻Լ׵΢Щ׵Ĵϣȥǵ*죬ķ
⣬үҪǹ
ᣬÿֻǰ磬綼Ǵʺ֣޷ǾǼҳ̣Ʊ飬˶ҵСղһȾ轣ѩֻҪ;úԽԽȥμӼˡ
үҲȾư
ţƣΪ轣ͺá
ãҵүóԵĸүԡ
~ղô˵رãղͷʾȱ
ţү
ղһֱĿ뿪ֱүӰˣŸæȥһխ·ߣȥ
ָǰѴ꣬ղŻŵģЩɻ󣬡ôˣôˣܵ죡
ү˵ҪԷȥү׼ҹ
үȥμӼ磬Ӧǲġ
ү˵ǰͻˡ
ʲôɴ۾
ţ磬Щ׼үһҹ
⣬ϷԸȥ׼Ӵ׼ʲôүûϦأҲû̻ҪҪ׼һ£ԣ̻ҪУʲô
磬룬ȥү׼ҹˣү˵Ҫָ׼ҵÿȥŴ
ԣԶԣЩȥ׼ӴǣҪҪϷڸûϷడЩͷ۵ץԼĺԡ
ղԼҪܻ꣬ˣ磬㲻үҪһˣȻȥҲɣүĺѣүӦûῪġ
ԣھȥЩȥҹүһڸ꣬һʧ
š
ղӦȥæʳˣǱֺ͹ܼһм½һ£֪үҪڼҹ꣬ˣ°Ҵɨһ飬û˶ȥϴ˸裬µƯ·Ϊóڼҹиӡ
ԭΪĴңӦûʲôģֻҪųԷͺˡŮǾôҲӦñŪúÿһЩŴϴ˸裬Ӱϵëϵ¸˳ˣһУڴҵĲϴ˸ÿĽᣬǲ⡣
໡ίؽһŮǰģҸϴ裬ڲˣȻȥϴˣŪôۣ˰Ҫȥղ߿࣬ղȴڳæŸûչ໡
ǸûգүҪڼԷȥŮ棬
໡ǰŪúʹ
ұңԣԱȥ
Сղ㾹ȻˣҾˣȥС߿ࡣ
ԡ߿СұӵĿһۣƫԲݣ
໡ҸܵĶ⣬ͷɥػȥɣɸһ䣬ֱŮһҲ˼컨
Ǳ滶׼ҹȴʵǲùÿȥ磬ͷʶΪʶܻ˵ܺĸģһ˵һֱŻ
Ǻܲ˵ˣֲϲͱ˽ʣȫ̾һֱʶݣģһ˿飬ܵǰȥҲܻȥˡ
˭֪ļֵܽҲʼѧʶڸǰ˵ŹûʵĻʵܲˣҪֱˡ
Щ滹һģҲ壬ϱû̫עھ֪㣬עܲ˳Ҳɵģףپף٣ˮԽԽ֪˵òȻ¹Ĳѡ
飬Ҳûϯϵ˵ЩʲôֻͻȻģ˵Ŀⶼϣˣȴ֪Ϊ˺¡
壬ƺˣǸȥ˵֣˵ϲ˵顣



ʮ 



̶ԪǸׯŮˣȳӣӶ̶Ŀ𳤣ûûСĿǳر𿴲ߵ֮һϲ˵飬õ˵ʵûʲô˵ģ˵̶Ͳһˡ
ʶȻʶ΢΢𣬱˿Ͼǰ֣һʮ꣬ܿ飬ʶںɿġ
̶û˵ΪǱԼ˵ûظһ飬磿ôˣô첻˵
Ǹո֮ص飬û˵ʲôɷ˵һ飿ԼɫԼԵø̶ҲʲôϣҲΣȻҲˡ
⡭Ļ̶ҭһ£ܿ绹ϵ¹ɽڱϾǹ꣬һ˾һ𣬻˵Щҳ̵ĺá
ͷȷʵԣº˵һո˵顣
⡭ҾŶϲˣ᷿˸ǳòˡ
ȷд£֪˭˵ģһֱüؿƿ͸¶˵һǰ㣬ȴ֪ô֪ģ̇۵̶˼ԣ㲻ҸͣǾš
⡭̶ʶһۣе޴룬еӣûӣмں˵ڱͼҪȥղ̶꣬òȵϻβˣԹ˭
ܣΪβ˵ˣҲ´׷һ䡣
Ǳ߻ӱΪˣ۶ӵ漱ˣæĶ˵Ϊܵˣ͹е̫๬Ů˻죬Ǹ̫˵ãҲֱ֪˾˵ˡ
ۿ̶
ǡ̶ϲͷ˵ǡ
̶Ϊ׷ʱȴʵĸ̫࣬߹Ů˵ã
ǡ̶ֿʶʶʱȴװûп޷ֻܿԼĸȡ
ܹģοǱôţæ˵⡭
̣ں˵˵
ңֻǡ
˵ʲôȴԪϣ˵û̶̫߳
ĸʣҡ̶ҪͣԪȴֹ̧סĻ
̶ҲСˣҲҪˣ˵Ҫ˼УԪɸֵ̾ҲģҪ磬һĺãҲ֪ˡ
ԪҲ֪⻹⣬ûᵽʶʶɫôһ˲䲻̫ÿ
ҡ
ϲ˵飬֪¹Ϳϲ˲ûʲôˣϯرܣҲһһ죬ǳԵǼ硣ֵܼ䣬ôˣͲܺúЪһ죬úóԸԲ
¹ľҲʴ֪֮ΪλĺǻᷴĿɳ𣬻ɱܿܣһ꣬ЩӿܾͲˣڵҵĲ̣ףҲʹ˰ɣģʵǲģԣϣԲܺúõĳԡ
ʵЩЩɣˣҲЩܣҲ֪Щ顣ҹӦһžۣĵĳԣǰǻСܿģǣеĶˣûкͯʱ棬ֻΪԼûʲôֵ飬ֻжթʵҲ밡
ڳĻǣʶͷԪЩǻЩİɡ
ʣ˵ʲôʲôǺúóԸٱǺúøһ
ٱЦǾӪˣ˵Ľ
еֵǶ˾ƱոҪѿ̶ҲͱǸ˵磬ҲԣԺһע⡣
˵Ҷˡ
ɣӵܣѵõĽǵľƱһҲڼһɣ
ԪῴˣЩжʹˣܶȣҲ֮ƽʱ׼ϯԤʾǰĽ
ʣһԪ
Ԫῴһֵۣһٶȼ
ˣ˵Ķ˵ˣʵ֪һҹı䲻ʲô
ԪĻ̾˿˵ò
ܻ
˰ˣǰɣԪȥıӰȴǼįˣ治ζһ·ϻظһֱܳأֱԼ˹źͨͨĵǲűһЩ
ƺЩͬſھȻûվЩɻ̨ףһƿǣȴһȼŵľգţųʵ̻
ǣǼ˴ҲûӦǷʲô顣
үӭһ̴ͻȻӿӭ̴Ƕոµ·ҲҪЩϡ棬·ƫڴģһƬ졣
ʲôѵЩ㶣۾ֿЩ̴ǡ
һԸţΪҪүһҹԣ˺ܶ׼
⡭
үɻϲ
ʵ˵Լܵ˾ţɿЩ̴ڴǵ˵ͷáҪѲ˵Ϳϱ˺ɫдĴ޿ߵߣ̲ס͡һЦ˳
໡ҼڳЦ˲Ҫһͷײĳ嶯
үЦˣ
ģүȻЦˣ
ٻǰЦǿˣȵ°ͶҪڵˡ
ҹȻүЦˡԸźľղӷ
ղ㣿תȥֻôһۣȴҲƲ
Сûдߣһɫźߵɴͷúθ߸ϴŰɫĿ£ȴһɴɫļرÿ
ӭүղЦ۾
ܹĳɴЦֶղ㣬ھ˳Ⱦһ㡣
һˣղ㡣ղӵеһȫû˸ɾ
ղĲţүһҹ
ãһԡ
үǣҲҪһء̴ǽҲܴ󵨣Ͼ꣬ʱүǹܵòϡ
һӣãһҹ
ղ㣺һ
Ҳˣ
ţǵģΪһڼҹ̫ˣԾһ𺰹ˡ
Ǻǣܵ߰ǣǳҹ
~
ղļ߽ǵ᷿



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һȥˣղʮˣѾȫһֱˣȴеգΪСղ㳤Щ̫ߴˣȻҪߣҪ׳ҲƷ书ĻСղѾܺˡ
ԭһֱս˯ȴͬˣǿļסСղ㱧˯ˡ
СղҲˣԭŴŴͳͳˣת˵ͳģŴԵģӵ
ղȫ£Ψһð뷨ŵֻһˣղĳɳûбĸ㣬Ǹ޶ˣ춼ղÿϰڴϣϸü鶼ùֻҪСѹcaoŪһһ⣬Ƿؼ޳ȴҲʵȣ²֡
Ǿղ㲻ˣǰȷʵϲƤۣϸСദҪˣҲ˸ı䣬Ҳͬϲգ壩ᣨ֯СӣҪôղ㽴ģҪһЩ׼ߣղ㿴źе㺦¡
̾˿ſղϣƽϢԼϵĻ
ү𣿡ղԭЩŵر۾ү˵ͻҪʮˣѾˣүô飬үӦûһˡ
ȴû뵽·ѵүȴþû˶۾үſϴ
ղ룬͵ˣ̫ۣЩϢɣ컹糯糯Ҫȥ
ԪǰøºҪ忪սˣԶ󽫾˿꣬Ԫ᲻׼ȥˣǰѾ󽫾ĳƺţԼѡºͳʦġ
ЩǿʼʿˣƽҲʱʱȥӪΪñʿиõòսֻ糯ȥӪŵʱܻһӾͱæµ廹ûȫӦֿ࣬ǰû취չֳ̬ղǰȴǿԵģղʵļ⣬˸Ƿ
үúϢղģƣ룬ģ˯ɣү컹Ҫۺܾء
ȷʵҪۺܾãЩЪ̫ˣе㲻Ҫȥˡ
үʺ찡ղȥӪڲϵӣ治ͬ϶ɱ֮ȴղںëֱ£Ҳʮġ
̹ƾҵΨһŵˡ
ôأҾүʲôطð
ԽԽˡЦղ¶ϣӲԾؽӲһ£֪ԼӲү˯òԣ־Լӣ˵ûкү˵ĶģҼҵүʲôá
ǺǺǣƾʩҲãǼҵղʲôá̧ͷ㳤ˣȴȻԼк۽ȾЦ⡣
үղ㿴үЦԾ˿ڿˮ
ôˣ
һ𣿡
ˣСеЦôˣôҪ⣿Ȼԡ
̧ͷԼ촽ƣպղµʪʪĴײһǳǳǣκζֻ˼һദʽȴ˵Ķġ
үΡղǴЦ˵ţſ˫֣ǰԼĻ棬°͸ͷ˫һĺ󱳡
ҲǣСղ㣬ΡղϵζˬΪҪúñԼԻһõ廨ζϲζղ£ܿ˯ˡ
ڶæµ죬ȥӪٻԼӻһֱȥˣȻʹ̣ҪʹϵĴ󳼣ȴһеû¸ɣ⼸˵ĸϡ͸ĲŮˣˡ
ǰǸҹΪһͨļֵͣ죬ȴû뵽һ꣬˵ϸˣýֺͷ붼֪ʶ̶ǰ˵ȥˡЩ˵ĹԱʵߣĲ÷ģ꣬ͷø⣬ļ춼ŭġ
һԱ˵˵öϲģǸԱȥش˼ӣɱӺ֮ͣˣûٸˣȴû뵽ʱҪˣֿʼˡ
ЩԱѧˣĶǳû˵ùȥֺܳԿģ˵ûҲر˵ǳ֧ϲ˰˲ṴĶǡȻͿʼԼ͹ˣ˵ʲôǵҪˣ·ҪЩ˳Կͣ߷
ĺЩǶƳնˣԵ޹նɱ󳼣ԼҲãǣ׼ðԼСղˡ
˵ǸҵƯܸɡ׳
󳼼ףүǴ˰ƯܳԿࡣ
ңүˣѧرãȻҲ϶Ƿǳ״ġ
󳼱үҡ
ɲ߶һߣֺ̧ͣǶ죬ϲˣȴӲ˸
үү檺󳼱Ц˵š
ֻһˣңȷңû˱Ҳû˱׳
⡭
ղ㣬ժ
ǡղ㣬ߴժ¡
Щһղȫ˵ǲţϾȻˣˣȻ˸ү
ɼղ㱻Щſæղ㣬ߴ
ǡղشǰȥ
ˣǻվһѾʼЩˡ
ˡ֪үˣæͷٿ
һ䣬Ǵˣҵܱȣ
ܡ
ǻǵ˸
ǣŲӣͷˡ



ʮ ʮ XҶ裨ʮ



ɽѩһֱڳţھ̨ҲǺ䣬Ѿˣҹ䡣ҶͷһξԼôȼ֮ƹƤ·һ˯
ȻҲڷգǳҶŪҩԶҲԱˣϵʱͿʼҶ費˶ڻڳȫǸ¯һźůͣҶ赹ǲڻ䡣
ɽĲҲǳ㣬Ϊ˱֤ůҶ費˯죬ʱȥæһҹǰѺҹȥˣ˯һþȴһҹû˯
ѵʱѾ۾ˡ
ĹϵѹʱԴģҶ迴һ˫ڵ۾Լ˰죬˸Ƿ˰
žزһԼǣҶֳƣ̬Լ۵׵ڣüͷһҹûϢ
ⲻҪ¯ѩ˴ģҹر䣬òˣ°㶳ַˡ
ǸΪҡƻôʮ꣬ٻʲô鷳ԴҶ裬һֱڸҶ鷳ʵεġ
ҶܼΣ˵ҲǸСˣæڰ֣ǻ䵽زҲΪûĻĴ
衭
ˣȻˣҾ͸ŪЩԵȥʳ㣬Ȼ϶ǻᱻһֱ̨ŵģˮҲܳ㣬ҶȴԼҩİȡ˼ҩģԼ棬ֵһЩƣǻ
šллûмֲҩȴŵùҶ裬ӹҩֱӾͷŽ棬һǣ
ɣܺõĶþҽԺһЩȻǴүǣôҪע󣬲ȻԺѬģҲô죿
Ҷֻôһ仰ƾΪԼζæһһ¡
Ҷ迴ӾúЦû˵㣬ʲô
Ʊ˵һ죬ͣεĶ
Ҷ轫ʢõͺһ𽻸ƣˣˣ˵ˣЩɣҲ֪Ҫãıʿû취ҵǣȻ⣬ҲЩܹ
šƽӹ˼ںһںһôųԣܿͰѼˣڿ𴲣
Ҫʲô
ȥʳܱһ˺ЩֿһƺЩҶ裬ӣæҾ˵˵˵ҲܺһȥҾͲȥġ
ƵشҶ軹ͦģ֣ƵĶͷյǿȫˣһȥҶԵû⣬ǵðƤ̺ӸţŲڻ䡣
ģˣ۾ˡ
ҶԼֿһֻԼҪβ͵ĹҡͷЦȻģãҲҪˣҲãõĿһЩ˵㱾ǽһֻҲǲã˵ֻǾԲõģЩڶĻͿûʲôܲɲɡȻˣҶòʲôӡ
ҶָʢһȻһҩٸ·ٶ˯һȿҪʱƵѾȫˣʱ»һЩĥʱ˳ȥҰ˵ʱˡ
Լ·ֶư·ã󣬾ƲԸǿӲذ̺ӸƹסˡǸ첹õƤ̺ӣֱȡƵ磬Ƶ˸ʵ
ûƶ˶ðӱŵĶûа취̧
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ȻأҶ̧۶ѵҪԼڣ֮ǰô˵ģѵǵˣ˵㲢ȥ
ûе¡ƲҿҶ۾˱𴦣ȥɹӵġ˭֪ĸûʲôӿԲɡ
ûȥɹӵģԣԲҿҸɱʲô˿ڻָ飬ȻҶһ䡢
ͷƤһ飬æ᲻ᣬԲᡣ
Ҷ˵ͷ˵
ԡ׾ԿԼе˵ˣʮΡ
ô׾Ծú˰Ҷ°׾Եë
ԡ׾ˤβͻӦš

ƿصһһƣ治ôôϲ㡣
ЩͨԵģ׾֪ңȻҵġ
ң㣿
ţҶбһûԼıӡ
ǻǿЩȥʳɣҲʱ¶ȸһЩ˵žȥ˶ڡ
ڴѩѵúܸߣڻûȫֱýһߣͰѶſڵѩ߿ˣѩµÿǴ󡣡
Ҷ迴ããһƬǵҲ֪ܲŶˡ
ұеطûбѩǵġưο
š˵ţͳȥˡ
ѩָֺ񣬺˴öǾеѥӣǷˮģѩ浹ûʲôоһ·ǸҵһЩĺ
Ƶµǻˡ
ˮ涼ˡ
ˮźãûεץǡСһ¡
ҪʲôҶ轫Сݸ㶯ܾңȻ˿ѿ
˶ҿ˿ҵһƬ֣ҵһ˵ȽϸСӣС˹ֱӶбйȥӾô׾ٵг롣
ȡӣԼ˵ֻ֣ҶæӵһˣȻСˡ
Ҫȥ𣿡
šƵ˵ͷߵ˺ߣڽ˱ĺϿ˿Ȼ˵ҪģʱȴҪ׼ë̲סҶһ
ҶţߴӰ۾˲÷ɿ죬ò˵µƣķǳ
￴ƿ÷ǱѾ׼˱µ㣬˲佫Ӳȥһ̧ȴһ²嵽㣬緹ҫŸҶ迴˵Цݡ
ҶʱȻԼĿţƹȻ
ȻѾҶ˵˿ֱӺԼ֣ͻȻƵͻȻͺˣͷҿҶ裬Ҷ跢ʲôæתӦǹˣȥٿ
Ҷʱ۾ǼˣƤЩڣתʱ򿴵ϵĺΣĪǺˣ
ƱҶô˵ˣŶͨ죬ʶͼӿԼĲ
ô찡

ƣЩȵҡ
Ҷ䵹ЩЧƵٶȷ࡭



ʮ ʮ XҶ裨ʮ



ƾûʲôҪˣҶȥҹӣģѩҲʲôʳֻΧϹתơ
ҲԶٳֻҶ˺ţȴıײһֹʵ
ֹССģмӲǣժһ˿ȴǾôûп裬ʲô
ȵȡҶʱ䵱ſҰˣƺæȥôˣ
ΪҰ˵ĶЩ󣬻ЩϺ˵ģȥرˣƿŶЩˣҶ߽Ҳûл
Ҷûע⵽ƵΪѾȫǰĹӸסˣģﾹȻֹӣҲԣ置ĹҲϡ档
̾һЩҶעȫڹϣûпʧܣεԼıӣʵʲôӣܳ𣿡
ܣȻܣٹзǳߴҩüֵժһЩһԣһҩġ
ŶͲɡƵͷ̧־Ҫȥɣ
Сһ㣬Ҫ֣ˣҾ㣡Ҷвš
һæţģԲ֡
ţ⻹࣬ˣҼȥҰˣ˵˵ôһȫһĴ򣬲úںǴţҪʦܵĻ㵽طڻ䵽Ұ˵ĵز̾Ǻڣڱʦҵ
ǸţҲôһ˿ѹġ
˵ǸʲôֲĴҶңǸʱϲúͱ˳ˣġ
ϲ˺ͱ˳ˣ
ǰҶĥţȻԼѾȷԼϲˣ֮ǰȸԤ룬Լϲ˵ģŲڻ䵽Сոʱֵزɤӣ״˵ƣʵɣںϲǸˡ
û뵽ҶͻȻһºԼ˵飬һ֦Сľ̾˵棬ֱƺһ
ôˣҶæȥƣˣ
ûûСҪ˵ָΪ뵽֮ǰҶ˵ãҪ˵Ļݺݵ
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ȣϲ˵飿Ҷʵ
šƵͷ
ϲ˶𣿡Ҷ迴Ƶ۾żȣҪ֪ƶϸ˵Ŀ
ҡҡͷҲöģ¹ķͺܿţϲ˵˶ǣֻǲϲЩöүǸжȴԼ˫ȥ׬Ǯڴ׬Ǯ
ƣĿ̫ƬˡҶҡҡͷ˼˵Ҳ˼ҵĿ԰˭ϲȥ׬ǮأеҲǱƲѰɣϾŮкܶ඼Ϊ˰ӦҲİɣǣųЩľϲִµģ˵ö˷Ƿˣʮֵҳһ֮󣬾ͻʳ֪ζٲǸ
ôܰƿɴûкͱ̸۹飬һʱġ
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ҪֱӺҶԼȻȴǾԲϲģҶ۾˵ڣ죬ҲֻǶҶ˵һ䣬ҼժӣȥҰ˰ɡ
Ҷȴһֱ￴Ҳ֪ڿʲô
㿴ʲôǱҶ迴ܲסˣת
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Ҷ迴ҪôʪҪôȫѪĵ棬϶ʪġ
ðɣˣҶȻǸ򣬵ҲǸӸ磬óԺúȹˣҺܰɾ߳ϸƤģڵȷʵǲʵģվŰɡ
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ȥʱѾҪˣ׾Լǻˣԡǰҡβͣӭǡ
ǻˡҶڰ׾ԵǹԺӣкúϢ𣿡
ԡ׾գ۾ƺڻӦҶ衣
ˣˣǿЩ׾ԺҶദĺãЩζҲ֪ҶĴףԳ԰׾ԵĴס
һһɻؿЩΣֱȥһԿƶǡ
Ҫҳ𣿡
һʼû׼شͷﴦ㣬һСͻȻ˵ţԡ
ллԣҲˡҶ۾Ц
˵ôģо;в̧ͷһۡ
ǸǸû뵽ôɻҶ˵űǸʱȴССһѣǣҪСְ
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Ů˶ˣЩˣ˭룬û죬Ļʶʹ˸Ҫ˹ˡ
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ӣЩǲǺСղ㷢ʲô飿˿ȥûо񰡣Сղÿپͳ뷹ˡһԼ¸ӣһԼչ꣬ԼܵܵŻҪż
ѵŵһˣôҲͰԼ¸ղ˵ӡ
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үɫƿӵҩ࣬ɫͺɫƿĶҩǶҪԡ
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Ϊү첻ˣΪЩҶûθڣүˡ
һΪղ۽ǵˮһ촽üģô룿ֻǾеݳЩ⣬ȥ˰ˡôСղ

ղ첻˵ڣ°ͣԼСղ𣿡
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Ӳ𣿡

Ȼ̾˿ȥղϵǱ̶ֵɣô᲻ã
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үҡղҧ촽˭֪˵仰ͱҧһڣ˲оȫǴһ㡣
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ղĶȫֹסĲү
~ӴͷľȡƿӣһɫƿӴ򿪣ɫҩղߣ
ղҲûԵʲôҩֱһڰҩˡ
ԣԡͷԼ򵹳ƿеҩһڳˡ
үôҲԡ
˵Ͳʹˡ
ʹղͷ
ɵϡսǣûЩҩһλʹ᲻ôʹԲһֱûҪ㡣
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ڰʮ ϴ



ΪүûԼǸĻҩƬ̡ܿ죬ʼòԾղ㿴Լǿһ㣬ԼûзӦѾղ˵ˣ⻹ǡЩˡ
ѺֻԼȫģȫûһһԵղ㣬Ҫһͷײ
Ϊλֲ²⣬϶ҩŪˣ뵽κӣ;ԼӦ
ԼǰӣԻֱӽϳȥˡ󣬱չ꣬ѵиôĵˣ϶ǲÿֻԼƿ
תͷݺݵһ˯еղ㣬ȴֱСǰ͸ոԻסˣԾͱó־ôŵظղĦ
˯еСղƺЩüͷֽ˽°ӵڻ°ͻͷ˲䡣
СӡҧԹһȴûôղʵؿڣƽȵֻʮ̤ʵ˰̾Ϣһôղ˯ˡ
ٴʱֻԼɬȫ䣬Ӳ֮ǰرʹ۵ʹܵһֱﴭҪȴүӣֻǽҧ촽Ʋ
ǰʮģȴҲȷվżˣһƾϢ֪ղ㣬һһӦӵ¡
ôˣҪǰڣ˼ζû
ӵվһԻشүԼҩܿԴϢɡ
үԲ𣬶ղ㲻ãôĲү㷣ղɣҰɣӦģҲ֪ΪʲôˣԲүղϣһ˵ŵǸ˵˵žͿ޳ˡ
ⲻ⡣ҵĴүĴҰҩŪˣźôЩ꣬ûз󣬿ȴǸ˵գԼԼơ
ӵ¼ˣæץס֣ٴ򣬡үҵĴûаʹ˵д¸Ҳ֪ļԲãĪҪ
һһϴֱͷʹֱ̧Լüģˣû˵Ҫ׷ΣǾһһϴѵôͨ𣿡
үղ㻹Ҫ˵ʲôȴֶס졣
ô˵ĻǱҲдģ֪״̬ãȴûȥ̣˺ˣȥɡҲûȥ׷˭ΣߵرܣֻҪ˱ղչҾˣǸʲôʲôȥ
ɿˣȴôûа취ԭԼǣ˵үչôЩ꣬ûзĴ룬һҪ
Ĺ㣬ȴ⡣̾˿㵱Ҫ췣Ǿͷһ¶סҩɡ
⡭˭չү
ղڰǱĴһչˡˣ°ɣܵĽ
ү
˵ʲôȴӵץס֣үǾȸˣҪĨҩͳԵҩѾȫСղ㣬в׵ĵطСղҡ˵գקЩ뿪ˡ
ˣŷɵ̾˿̧ղԴ
үԲôܡղĴ۾ʪؿۿܺ죬Ȼǿ˺ܾá
ۣĦһղ۽ǣСӣǱ˿࣬ȴ޳
ղԼϵֱ֣ҡͷǵģӦүӦңү
ⲻ㣬ʵоҲûô⡣ԼıӣⲻЩ졣
ʲʲôղ㲻ŵؿү㡭
ЩڵؽͷƲ飬Ҫñ˵ڶ顣
үղ㿴үͨĶԼ۽ǵᣬһѴӱסүүү
عͷԼʲô
ղ㽫ͷү΢Щ̵Ķͷ𣬡үҺÿġ

ϲүϲϲ˵գһڡ
ʵϲղǣϻҪһЩģֻǺ˵飬֪𣿡
ү̡ղһ˵ţһȥ
ڷհСӡƶԼӣóһλղ㣬ϴɡ
ղҡҡͷ˵Ҫչ㡣
ţϴ۽ǿű𴦣ڵ˵㱧ңһһЩ
ǣղϵЦݸˣæȥ£үڻүûиоһЩ
ٱһЩ
𣿡ղؿڡ
šʵؿøⰲģҲԼı˰ɡ̾һº󣬾ôţղһµУܿ˯ˡ
֮죬ҲûȥôڴϱԼǰźţȴҲܣ֮󣬵Խˡ
ԭֻҪ˰ҩһξͺãÿæھ񣬻ظֻ۵ò붯ҲԲٻҩˣôȥҲͦá
ˣͳǸӵµҩܺãټӺãõûЩᱳʹ֢״ֻ飬϶ǲ֪ġ
ˣ˵ĸ˵ǸĺˣܿҪˣôΣյ飬Ҫղ㣬ɲղֲģ˼ŵ״ղȥʱȴͨ˵κҪ



ڰʮһ İ



˵Ǻԭ򡣡һĻ㱨һ߷ϵı飬սڼҪҵЧķȥЩսͱӣڿûʱȥκ顣
ͷҲ̧˼Ƭ̣˵˵Ҫүһȥ֮ء
üëһǽ۾ӱƿˣΪҪȥ
˵Ҫү˵
Ҫ
ǵġ
Լ°ͣǵСղǻԴסȥЩ书ҲὫûյѵ˴ȥս
⡭ǾЩΪѣκ̬ȿȥܼ
̬ȼڱθɡĪбһۡ
ɵһæ˵үκʲôֻκ̫ˣۿһ죬һҾ͸оԼ˴¡
ĻúЦڱߴôãʲôûмһκûˣҪġ
үɱ˵Ļ˵룬ת£˵ҪүСղȥκ˵Сղ㳤ñκƯҲϲ
Сղ㲻κ
⡭ԼĺԣүСղ㱻ǽ̵ĺܺãӦòˡ
ˣһ˰ɡ飬
⣬үΪβСղ㡭
ǻ̾˿ʵǸ̳ӡ
ֻ֣ȴҲûٶʣȥ˶᷿
᷿ڵʩʵ֮ǰõһû̫ĸı䣬Ҳܹ࣬Ҳʮ
ΨһͬĵطҲǣԭŮƫ࣬ƫ࣬Ͼӱˣ̫Ů̫á
@˵κǰԼ˶Ƶˣò˵ʵڻԳˣʵǸʲôɫ
Ҳˣȥ᷿һ·϶ɢ·˶ʶضܡ
˶᷿ɫǲˣԭͲϲټһκֻö᷿ʮֲ
ǼæǰߵݣҪȥ֪ͨκһڣûȥ֪ͨԼ̧Žκڵӡ
κʱڰд֣ȥʮרעͷǼκȴ˵ûпȥôרע˵Щġ
һ۾Ϳͷ亹ԼЩ֣һ֪̲ˣȻϢ΢ȴӦӵĳ
ʶ˼Ƭ̣ȴǲûʱƣװʲô֪ӣߵκİǰд֡
֣ǲȴʧ˵ӵκʶˣдһֺ֣һȴġ
үκһ𣬸æеıīǰҪߵݣ񡭡
Ȼס˶᷿ݾͲͨƽˣٲĳƺԼˡ
ǡ
ֱӳ°ɡ
¼үȻѾݣԭӦ˫ϥصֱӾͱ˵ϥء
񡣡˵ôһ󣬾ֱߵǰκλϣ۲κոд֣дõ治
κ󣬹Ƿָ߲ɵͲ͵ģүЦˡ
㵹ǫĺܰϵֽǿ֣ʵ۽ǵȴǿκֽֽ棬ƺиɫСֽӦ˸ġתתֽ·ڰϺҪֽȥѹֽ
κҪֽˣһæүֽϵдòÿκ׼д˾ˣҪֽô鷳
ŶҪֽͣ£ɵ̧ͷȥκҪˣ񲻿ϧˡ
үֽϵ֣κȷʵдòãκүۣү˰ֽ˰ɣԺκдÿү
̾˿ɱȴΨϲš
ǡ
ֽͽ豾ɡ
⡭κЩԥ
üκѵԸ
үϲȥɡ
ǱˡֽۺúֱӷڵպãңҪ汾һͬд£
ȷд£үκͬһͬ
۾ʵ˶սȴƫƫҪȥսҲŵͷƣúסŲҪȥսʲô
κ˼ǲԸһͬǰЩżֱӾ͹˵ϣүκһˡ
һ󣿡üһս
ү֪
ŶǱҪսɡ
үκ˶ɱˣκһԸгˣүشκǰȥսɱƬײˡκһͷأʱͷѾ˺ӡʵˣˣκүūҲǿԵģˡ
ˣͷˡκǰ°ͣһ˫ڵ۾ֱֱκҪгˣΪβֱȥξҪܵĸ
κñֱð亹ҧԼ촽££¶үĽѾãȻҪүЩүκɣκһ·Ͽ԰ǰչүһжүָ

үκ۾ۿ졣
ģȷʵˣܾ˵ҲκϱӶ˱Ⱳӱϲˣǲˣôõģӣʶһϵǿϧˡ
̾˿ȴӦȻκ󣬱Ӧɣֻ·鷳
ᣬүģκһ鷳κ֤
Ըɡſκ°ͣСӣˡ
ǣүæ뿪ˡ
¹ڵϵκʱһӰ
ʶүˣμƻǳɹˣཱܶ͡
ҲҪֻͣҪ𡣡κʪ˫ôһ˲䣬ӿֳɱ⡣



ڰʮ



ûҪȥ᷿ղ㣬ղһֱ߱ġ
᷿ĺ԰깦ղ׼ȥ鷿Լְ𣬿һȥͷֱӦ鷿үˣү뿪Ļûи£˴һˣ˵֮١
һ鷿žסһλŮ㣬ʵ㣬пү
̴᷿Ů˭֪ղү֮Ĺϵүȥ˶᷿ûи֪ղ㣬סŮôһĥ;òԾˣղҲ˺ܶࡣ
ղ㱻Ů㿴ȫͷԣʵ㣬ʲôүȥ
ղϾҲŮųģŮղһڹӣֻϣԼ˵Ļղġ
ģŮĻղһ۾ҲǵɴЩ㣬ѵ˵үү𣿡
ǵģүûˡֻǣֻǣүȥ˶᷿
᷿үȥ˶᷿ΪʲôҪģղ㻹ûŮ˵˼ZϫFՈPע
ղĪˣ
ˣ
κչӣסڶ᷿
Ůô˵ղκĴڣκҪˣү⣬Էڻ鷿￴飬ṳֻ᷿̂ǲ֪ôȥˣүΪʲôҪȥ᷿
ҲǺƺ¹˵չҪү
үղüͷúõүʲô
ҾͲ֪ˡ
ȥ᷿ɡ⻰˵Ͳ߹ŮֱӳŶ᷿ķȥˡ
⡭ŮҪκղڻ߱ܣŮתֱ˷Ůں׷˼ȴҲ޼£ֻ᷿ȥˣϣֳʲôźáŮ̾˿ȥԼĻȥˡ
ղ㵽˶᷿պÿκ°ͣ˵ʲô
ղĽǶֻܿ۾үǳ䣬ǳרעټƺֻڴҪҪľʱүŻô
ղԼϢʶشսȴү˵ͬκȥ̡
һ£ͻȻ;ؿƵģôãүɿڴȥκֻǹڵϰүͬˣԽԽƣرҪھͳǰȥʸ
һصȴǿסˣȭͷ߬áա죬ȴʼնصλãûκ˷ټ
үκ˵껰ˣȴȻڰȫܲүϢˣ׼᷿
ǡǡҪʱκķгһӰȻ˵ĶԻ
ʶүˣμƻǳɹˣཱܶ͡
ҲҪֻͣҪ𡣡
ʶүʶҪ˭үղɻҪǰȥʸףŸ̤һһֻס
˭û˵ڣͱסͣһתͷȴס˾Ȼү
ʾҪ˵˾ôһڼɽĺ棬˵ĶԻ
޷Ǿκо·ϲҪ¶ţκҲֻزκθӦ
˺ܿˣֻʣκһ淢˰»صǰд֡
˼ʵûʲôˣκ˫˫뿪˶᷿ڷϷ˼ͷ͵ǵ᷿
ץˣղȴҲţֱʵүǺʱҵġ
ղ㣬ЦĹҽģȻѾѧɣһǲôһЩҷҲְСղ㡣

Ȼղ㲻˵ܸоղЩô˲ˣ
ûвġȻô˵ôġ
ժñΪһֱǴߵģղʲô鶼ᱻ˷ֻ֣֮Ҫժ߾ܿκ

ժɱñ˵飬ȻҪͷġ
ղֻܲ鲻ԸժߣߺǵüͷͣȻǲĵġ
Сղ㣬˵ˡ
ղֱӹ˵طϥǰϣ˵ү𷣡
ִĺϣ࣬㡣
Ǿүɡղôϲ˲䡣
𣿡
𣿡
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үȥ̰
⡭
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̫Σˣڸలȫ
ղһˣѧô๦򣬾Ϊܱү
ֻ̾ڽ㹦ʱ򣬾ͺ˵ѧܱԼӦϣľǿˡ
ҲԸ⿴˰ү
ղ㣬ղȰο
үҪңҶԣҾϣܹүһ֪үҪүҪҵʱܹһЩó
ôǲأôǿ
үֻϣܸߡղҧԼ촽˵ңΪʲôκȥȥԣү֪κʶүɱģȴΪʲô׼һȥأѵ˵үϲ𣿡
ǱղסˣǶСղ㣬ӽΪʲôôˣҵСղ㣬ĪǳԴ𣿡
ǡղ㽫۾𴦣үԼ
˵ǣǳⰡ±ڴ̵;кκ㺣
ͳƯүϲƯģϲҲ˵ү檺
ֻҪСղһǳ˵
үѡκһȥȴҪҡ˵ԼԴף˵˵ţղ㻹ǳԼǼκģÿζԼүߣΪγȴԼүأ
ȻǼ˰̾
ңҡ˵˵ţղ㻹ǳˣҾǼʰңүˣҲүȥôǵĴˣ֪ԣǡ
ûвԣǸˡͷղüصһڣô˵ǳģղ㡣
ү
ղ㣬Ҫһ㣬ĵһǸģǱˣ£ĸԸˣСղ㡣ͷղ۽ǣýûпޱӣȻҪҺ㣬ҿүȴ챻ҡ
үղ㲻áղ̧ͷñǼĲ
֪˾ͺã֪˾͹ԹԴڸϣ˵һ顣
ү
γʵΣգҶͬȥԶ췢ģֻһˡıǼ⣬ոҲˣκҪұһȴҪΪϲģȵ׼ֵʱұץʶİѱ



ڰʮ



үҪԼն𣿡ղزͼ첻æץס֣̫Σˣү
зִ磬赣ģСղֻҪӦúôڸС
үգղôܻ˼ڸүˣҺһɡ

ү
Ѿղ˵ʲôȥһΣúĻȱսʤҾʣҶ˳ɻ顣
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֪Լִȥү϶ûа취Ǳ֪ȥү϶ۿۡԽκˡ
ףܿսĶϣЩڱģɺá
ү
Ҫ𣿻˵Ѿûˣ۽ǿĶղ㲻Ծؾʿˮ
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òҲղ㲻㣬κȴǴ´ģοڻԼдЩȻ
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һԵĴղ̲ס²ۣɧ꣬ԼôʲôȥֻҪС˵үˣСӿ϶㷢ң
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˯еͻȻ˹æ˰
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ȻǣԼǰĵط͵һĽеȻ˲١
Ϊ֪£ʹһڳŴȺһͼӭμү
ԼҪү¹򣬿ʱȴסɣѾٳˣڷװ˰ɣЩѱıһ£Ȼһ㱨ڵ״
ǣүµļұҪˣ̬ôһ˵ֱˬӦһֻǷ󣬾ȥٱݡ
ԼıʿѾ׵ˣǵڿз
йһΣҹ͵ϮɣǸʱиɽµ׼ҵӣͨϢȻЩôҲֵסǡµ
ʵ׼ҵӣǽ֪
µ˵ͷǣƺзŵģУ

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£㱾ˣҲܵģϾǵĳ
¹֪ġ˵ţ˲ͷ亹ƾֱүǲĵģ״£˵ЩΪá
ֻǴ̣ڵ飬Ҫȥ
ȻȻµ
ţú͸λ־Ҫ£ˡ
ү룬ǹڵϸ
ֻֿһ۾ʹҴ뿪ˡǰðŸظղ״ŸҪˡ
һ߽ΪŵĸۡͼŻ˹үˣˡ
һͰ͵Сֽһ֪ǴŸȡˣһϵԺ飬⡱һ£Щҿ
ֱ۾ɨ͵ذֱ˵ϣĵӻǴˣڸкúôţǺãûм죬ھȻҳұˡ
үϢŭϢŭ
ñôϢŭʲôʱһ뿪һֱǱϴģһֱչһˡ
үһˣдҸšϢŭæں˳
һͷܸʲôãԺȥǸʲôԵģǺúÿţţȻô˸ˣ
үղ书̵ǸܺȹеģǶɵǿסСղҲİү
ڶŪûˣ
үûаСղ㲻𣿡
ңڵģϾҪսˣʱܹһ·壬
书үĲţҪ书ǿ̵İ
˵˵ˡ
үʵСղˣҲЩ
ʲôã
ǲĻ춼Ҳ˭þδ̣ˣҲ˳Щ
ǲǰȫ˼ȫϣû˼ˣߣһ˦䣬ǾȥǿǶڣ
ڣڣ͵үأںص
ţüﱾȥղ㣬ر֤İȫ
ǡæȥˡ

֮ιǣȴԤеĴֽһСһСа壬žںʱ䣬ɵһЩս˶֪һҪݣҪžĻɢʱй
Щ嵹ԽˡվڳϿųµȴһĨЦʱǺšȥôа壬սҵҪ˭ûġ
үܾЩԾźӵս¡ڵսӵô⡣
Լ°ͣ˼ҲЩ֣ЩҰӣһֱϲɣûôĹǾЩ֡в鵽ʲô
үĳûߣֻȥӵ¿Цҡͷεûдʲô
˵Ļҵһˣ
˭
ǡ
ү档
˭
˵үʶ
ʶ£ԴͻȻһ˵֣
⡭үô֪
˵ܲ٣ܲپ͵ˣ϶ʱϲɫ
ӵЩɻؿ
İҸովҪ˵ˣ̽Ϣıеһƴġ
ԭӵȻص˵ͷ
ʱΪɽ׼ҵӵľͽӡ
ɽ׼ҵӾүһ£źɫľǷ΢΢
ɣոҪְæȴû뵽־ˡ
òѵӹõĲЦүϬ
û귢ԼԼȡ˷ţ
ҲʦָķšЦţǵ⡣
ţֻҪһȭȴǿסˣʦıҲ˵ˣǾͿżɽɡ
豭һڲ󣬿үʲô
֪ЩΪεǰȴһ
үʶˡ²豭
Ǻ⣿
үǲٽΪɵ㡣
ң
ǣϴصţһֱŵģΪɵ㣬ԲҴٽ
ô˵̲òôɵֱͶúˣ
ү̫Щʱ򣬱ű΢һЩ
ʲô˼
ΪɵˣֻҪȥˣ
ӵ¾˼ǣҪү
ȥүٴٽʱȺףǲƣصؽеĲ豭ϡ
¹ǿʢ۵¹ˣӦöҪϸϸӵĦ໨ɵĲ豭˼Ƭ̣ү뵽Ҳֻһˡ
Ӧͬһˡ
ôأԸҲҪ𣿡
ֹô򵥣֪үɷҵļ裿
뽲
Ҽ裬˵˺үгġǸ˾ҪޣүˣкܴȨƣԣҪԮЩͷԼ֫ҰӣǡǡõԮ

ãЩҰҲܼɵүҪүԣǴЭ飬ֻҪү˾ͻõҪĶӵصɫȻֻҵһ衣
裬ǶԵġ̾˿еǸˣǶ֪˭ֻʵЩţİ֣Ϊ˻λֵز
֮үһҪСģСκο¶Ķ
ڣжҪץסţһ·ϣûκ̫Ķð찡
үǱκɫסˣüЦ

үˣ˿ɱκˣڵκүɿϡӵ¼٩үҲʾص٩䡣
˵٩Щƣ̾˿κʵвŻȷʵЩϧˣңҪĿ׳һЩʶ
ү֣ǻүһ˿Ҫү֣ү͡
ΪһֱԼѵİοʷߵǱˣôһѣ뵽ǣҲǸԼ߸ʱ٣ܵǰæЩ飬ʮţ
䣬һߵ̳ڷУүкηԸ
κҪɱֱɱ
ȥ졣ʮһʧ˷С
һμӵ̾˵˵ãڿȷʵˣЩһֱүߣ
ţǵ书Ī⣬ҲǰŲʶȴƺ
ͷ֣ͨǣȻĻϲܡǸµˡ
šüͷ˵ˣŷ֣ʶȻ˲򵥡



ڰʮ



κȷʵҪ¶κһֱҽڵҽӵ£˵¶ûгɹǳɹˣҲܱӵ¸ȻϾʶôЩĶҩûãֻЩķɱ
ڵ̣ʵϣǲԼߵģҪɱǲܵġеʱѧҲǲҲǼãԼӦÿԶһ
죬ÿ۲ϢҵһԼ¾ʱ㣬ֹ۲죬ȷʱ㣬ʱ
ֻû뵽ǣ־С͵Ĺ׼ʱĲͻȻ;ԼĲӴһ
֡
˵ģȴκʮϤϵĹȻָȴ΢΢תˣҳˣҲҪɱ
֧ǰͷˡʮŽеĵļ֣κĲ̾Ѫ
κ΢΢üͷƺúʮŷɾ裬Ҫ֣ȴںʮҪųʱ򣬽˳ȥֻû뵽ʮŵĶȻѸ٣ҵļȻôץסˣֻǴȴֵѪ
㡭
ʮһеļ룬ɶ˵κеС͹ڵϣˣүɱ㣬㲻֣ᶯ㡣
ҵĳˣҶҪɱġ
սѪūսɱ⣬ǰǴδսūԵҪү𣿿ң㸸ĸү޹ϵ
㣡κ˺ʮŵĻ쳣ȣɴ۾ǰźɫߵˣʲôˣΪʲô֪ҡܾ˵Ϥ㵽˭ǲǼ

Ǽģ԰ɡκüͷ룬֪ˣҸĸɱǸϡҵӦʶңôһ㶼ǲ塣Լͷֻͷʹѡ
ָҡ
ʲô
ָҡʮ͵ץκ֣Ȼ˹ơ
˵ģſң
ߡ
ȥܹͱʶˣȥ޷Ǿ
ʮǺѡʮͻȻ˵һκͷԵĻ
ǣ
͵͵ĵطҲֻ֪
ҡ
˵㱻ǳˣЯҲˡֱǰ㣬Ҳ֪û
ʮ˵һֱƽκȴܾãͷźʮŵ䣬ȴһݱϣҵġ
Դ˲ӿƬΣҪץסȴԴ۵ĺܣۣԼԴֻҪȥײǽȴǱʮŸ֣á
ţҴȥ
ۣ۰
ʮż۵ĺ沿ЩŤˣɴ˱ֱӵµȥˡ
ӵʱоžôͻȻر˸ײˣ˾һ£ȴʮűκˡ
ǣ
ʶ˹ơʮ˵
˹ƣӵɻؿֿκ˺ۣոҪɱү

ȻѾˣΪβүָɱ

ӵ¿źʮʮƣô仰һ䶼ػ
ƣǱߺʮֱӰκŵ˴ϣתֶӵ˵
ʲô㶼˵ȴҸҪɱүˣΪҪ
ֻڻϺү͸¶˿Ϣ֮Իүʮ˵
ʮ̬ȴǼŭӵ£Ҳѡ񲻾˴߰ɡ
ʮſϵκãȥү˵
Ǻãȥңү˵ˣپ
ʮӵһۣתš
һۣӵ¾;ԼƺҪɱһ㣬ֱð亹ʮߺѵλϣڴϣʹκ
룬߽κǣƣʶʲôĪǸ۸˼䣿⻹Щ⡣
ᣬҲʵЩͷۣԼĶԻûгһپ䣬ΣʮžȻֱ˹ʲôû˵ֱӹǰ
ʮţʲôʵ
үӵ¾κһʮŵ
ôˣ
Ҫɱүסˡ
֮ǰӦк˵Ҫɱľٶ̳㲻ûгñҽʦߣһеĲ豭ֱƷڵϣ㵱ǲѱ
үӵ¾κһ
ñ㵹Ǹ˵˵ΪʲôҪʲôҪ
ĸĸүʮŵ
ſڴƻƣӲɱˣ
ūˡ
ʲôū
ûүū󣬳ʤ׷˺ǺüǳأһĺӣǳԸͶɱӺͺӣԼҲɱˣĺʵûµʱ;͵͵һʱ䣬ԭп²աʮŵ
ȻΪʶˣ
ʶµһѷʮҾ˿²յ飬ߵļֵ֪⣬ֻзʮ֪һֱСĺصһ죬ʮǳˣֻʣݱΪˣȴû뵽ʮȥʶơʮĦ˵
ƣ
ֹƿϴһֵļ䣬Ҵٵļ䣬κһֱΪүǳˡ
Լ°֪ͣЩΣҪɱͱҪܺ
үڲû¡
ƳʮŻѪ֣ȻҲΪֹôܱ֤ɱһΡ
ү
㵱غ۰²գȥˣκǿ²գʮţΪи飬֪ҪǱ֪ˣһ
үȾʮŽΪ𡣡
Ǻοࡣ
ϾҾҲΪңŻᱻʶãϾһ꣬ҡ
ȷ˺ʵ
»粽ߣԲ˺˺үĿܣңүҲ֪ͨһЩʶ顣ʮŵ
ǿɲһԴƣǱȡļ䣬˵Ҳһûˡӵ̤ţ˸񣬡μү
Ϊ˵ûˣʵ
˵ʧȥ䣬˵ֱжǰļ䣬ʩƵﴴٵļ䣬ȡԭȵļḲڵļ䣬˵ûˣǻһЩһڵļǱˡӵʳָָԼ̫Ѩ͵
ǲȡ
ȡĻ졣ĸƺӹƣκǿҪȡǰļ䣬ӹ궯ĸƾͻܵӰ죬ʶѾˡôκͻȻسΪӣӵ³
Ҫɱκ
ֻҪĸˣӹƾͻ뷽跨ԴŻᱻѪֻԽ
㻹ǰӹȡɡκĺÿôÿһˣôң˾;ܲˡ
ǣȥ졣ӵ¹֣뿪ˡ
лүʮŹڵϸͷ
ס˵ģԺҪΪá
պЧү



ڰʮ



Ҫȡֻܿ­ӵ£Ҳұ֤ܰٷٰ֮˸ˣҲҪɴҽκɢ˽һʱĿ­
ǺõģκԴǸһŤһŤĳӱȡˣ뿪ûжþˡ
ˣɹˣȷʵǱƣѹҲͼǲ淢ˣҲп֮֮Ҫ߿ӵ¿źʮ˵
һúչ
֪ܶ࣬ʶ֪û϶ɱҪһҪСġ
Ҷκ˵
ţǾͺãˡ­ҪоӵµɫǺܺãҪúϢ
㻹ܳԵס𣿡ӣһһֱڰæſڣӵĺʵͦ۵ģӵµĲñ֣ɫ
ԲסҲûȥٵȻﵹȥˣඪˡ
㻹֪ˡ죬ȴǰסүŲǱʲô
ӵ¿ͨ죬ǿţҡͷЦ~СӣǱŤ
Ҫ˵ҾͲˣүﻹкöҪøղʰӣϢ˵Сղ⼸Ҫˡ
СղôҪ˰뿪Ҳаˡ
ǰʱء̾
ÿΣţҵǾþҲ
֪컬ġȻԹţ⻰ͦĵģˣЩȥɣȥдϴˮԡһ£Ϣɣһȥ㡣
Ϣ𣿡ӵ¿ʵ
ʲôһһѵҪ

ֻҪӵһͰ͵ؿԼûˣֻЭ˺ˣȵȣϰү˯ˣҾȥչ㣬˰ɡ
Сáӵµͷһڡ
㣬ô컯֮飡治ԼЩҿţ±ǱһĻȥΧûʲôˡ
ԺôƫƧôܻˣһ£ըֻè
èشӵһơ
˻־Ǵ󡣡
ˣˣˣЩȥϢߴţӵµĺ󱳾ߡ

ǳ£ֿʼа壬Щͦ˵ģڣȴûожˣʵرãΪһͽӵ˰Ÿ롣
Ͱ͵ֽдţղܵˣҲϾҪˡ
˵ӳ¥ȥصеʱ򣬾ܹղӰ
һ̶Ҫ¥棬ֻҪȥǵһſڵš
Ұ˵໰ȴղߵ൱أڣûиоеʿУи˿ǲԵġ

ǺղԵ÷ǳ˷ܣҪүˣ֪ĲЩ
죬Ҳ죬Щ¶޵ģȻкóԵҰζһֱŵܱͲˣۻˣֻҪӵ棬ԼĸĽƷһ¡
һһܾôһٵڽֵϣͽյүǣһǣǴңϳղ㣬æӭǰʣүղ𣿡
¡˫ֹղӭ˸񣬡үҵ𣿡
ǣˡղҴȥүĸۡ
үҲ𣿡
ڣڶŽа壬ү
ղϵڴϺ󣬶ԽֱȥүҾͰչˣֱӰȥԻչҧˣġ
⡭үֱӽȥϰҲý
ûϵģһ˵ûү㣬Ͱ˵İѴҴȥϾͺˡղĴҵԴȥϺϴ裬Ȼүֻ˵㡣
~Ҳ˲ղ֣ʾԼס
ԡղ´ҵͷôҾֱȥˣø֪ôȥ
⡭ղ뿪ıӰֻ淢ţʱֻԼƺǱʲôһ£һȴִҵҧӣһæ˼
໡СұĵؿһۣԹԵǰߡ
֪Ҷү˵ǸҪĳȻܶˣæڴ溰ܣܴүܰ
໡Ӧһȷʵûˣǰ
ܣѵ˻𣿡ɴ۾ֻˡ
໡С֣Ȼˡ
ΪʲôһԼ˵ĸоĶͷһ亹

ղж˷ˣܿүϲ飬û취ú·ˣֱڷȥֻԼү
ֻϧڳ¾ͱ˸סˡ
Ҫүղ㺰
үôû˵ҲûмߣﲻӦĵطµʿӬһղ㡣
ǰүҽղ㣬үһۣһ۾֪ˣҾҪ
ղ㣿ֺͷ˼⣬ȴȻûҪղȥ¥˼ܹ飬ǰֻа壬Ҳûʲô飬͵һү˶þͻȷʵǲ˽롣
үߺղǱͣһжˡ
ܹǲȥ
Ǽ˵ʲôأһԴϵͻȻ֡
ղֻЩϤ̧ͷһȴʶˣ磡
ǡԶߵˣֻЩϤ̫ͻȻЩ벻
磬Ұղ㣬㲻ʶǴΣǼһүȥԱĸϡ
үҼˡԶ˰ˣһЩ֣үôûд㣬ֻû뵽Щ곤ôˣԭûҸߣȴǱүҪˡ
⻰ɲүţȻҪġղ
ղǧү˵
ķģҲү˵ھȥүǲȥղЩյ˵š
ð죬ղȥɣȷʵүүӦûܿġ
⡭ŵЩԥ
ȥɣǲȥү˵ǡ
һ˵үЩ£æղ˵ղȥɣԼ䣬ĪүǣҲǾְذ
֪֪Ҿ̫ûүˣе룬ҲΪǡ



ڰʮ



үղˡ
ڳ¥ϵ˵ȵ쳣һ£ץϱˣ˵Щ˵ʲô
Ǻү˷ܣµ˵үղղˡ
ҲֱӰӵ𣿡
ղȷʵǹˣѾ
û˵꣬ղѾ˳¥һ۾Ϳ첽˹ү
úôڼ㲻ֱӴȥϣҲ㵹ǲѱˡݺݵһЩղ㣬ղ΢΢ȥȴ۵ģȻ˸ϣúóͷ㡣
үͷղ㶼УֻҪղ㿴ү¾ͺáղ۾Ц
ЦûƢֻԭ̾ȽΣգ³¥ЩҰӵĽаܿҪˣʱһȥ
ղʱȴҡͷղֻҪүߡ
⺢ƢôôڲҲү󽫾ɽ㲻òӣȥ
ү
ȥ
үô֣ôòղҲүˣֻԴʧ˵ðɣ¸ˡ
һͷʮֲؿڵ¥Ų
ҪͰ͵ӸЦˣһ̵סˣЩ˱
ǡղֻܴԴ¥ߣֻ˹սǴʱʶ̧ͷһۡ
ⲻãһĶҪᵽɤȥˣȻһС͹׼үүʱȻȻ֪
үСģɿҵһɲǣ˹ȥ˰үס
ʲһ£漴оһ£ղ㣿
үû˰ɡ
ûղһ˿ױ˲ĲĶʱͻˣղ㣬ʲô£
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ү
ſңһ䡣
ǡղɿ֡
ͷһȴղļһ̾絶ʣۿ֪ͺˣʲô˭ģ
ղҪүġȻΪʹɫˢףղ㻹ǳԼǣһ΢Ц
סղ˿ڣŭش󺰣ʱôЦóԶ
ү̿ѾץסˣѾˡ
ˣ˱ˣҲŹʬ峵ˣڣҪˣҲĿݺݵ˵
ǣϢúܱ壬Զֻ˫ȷֱð亹ȥ
ɻܳŵסղԷӣԼϣȥӵ¹˵ղ
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˵Ӹղ鿴ƣĺͣúûհγõŵ㡣
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ΪҪү˵ģүô꣬ѧôĶΪܹүϵ˺ʹղ˵仰ʱҲǷǳ˵ģүһˡ
ôñôͷۣ
үղеˣ𣿡
ô󣬲Ϊôǣ˵ˣҲָղ԰׵ǻô޴룬ղ㡣
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˼ȫղϣﻹпչܺأأɤӶûãʹôЩ˹ۣ
㣡Բĺر˵ıӶҪˣΪʶµ͵Ϯһʧȴû뵽һ
Ǽˣͱ䴩Դһغˣ
ţܿͻṥǣֱȡ¹ʳǡʱҶҪҵЬӡ
Ĵȥɣػš
ҵţתԱʿߣȥ
ôһСȺӾôȥˡ
үֳˡ
šܶԷ˲˱ֻҪ֪ӵôղ㿴ˣղǶˡ
ӵ֪ղһǾô춯صľٶԭڼ飬һ˵ղ˼ˣʰҽҩæ˹ȴû룬һ̤ϳ¥ͱǵһԹ
ղ㶼۳ˣôٳһղô죡㡭
¥ϵǶĿɿڴؿôԼǰүǸٵģӵµǼֲˣĨĨԼͷϵĺ˵үȱ˵ˣȸղҽΰɣǳˣղܻΣա
һΣգ̾ͱͣ˵һߣɲСղΪԼһΣղ㵱ţǲˡ
ӵ¼˵һߣǰղ㿴˿ںûжҪγܻܶѪү㹦񣬰СղγɣҪһЩ
ţСղ㣬Щۡס̼ɫǴûйࡣ
ղ˵ͷүһţġ˽˶֪ڿ϶ǽŵġ
ΪתղעӵͻȻ˵ˣүղʲôʱɻ顣
ȴ̻ȥһʾʣҺղͻ顣
ĴϢΧ˶ɴ۾ղǲŵؿүǡǡʱһֱӰղ첲ϵļ˳
ҲΪϢ̫ղ㾪ˣֱѪҺղŲʹǴؿүүģҪҪҡ
Ȼʮֿ϶ػشš
⣬ˣղֻԼκģҿΡ
εĻҾҲΡԭֻҪתղע˵һ仰û뵽үĴ㣬ӵ¶˰Ҫղҩ
ҩԭǷǳʹģΪĴ̼ղĴȫſˣƺʹһˣ֮ʹ
ղԴ֪ʹͺã㳤ԡ

ղ㲻𻰣ֱӰղ㱧𣬵£˲١
үңң
˼ҵرֻ㣬ǲĻԱ룬˱ȽϺá
үҪҳ𣿡
ȻأҺͱ˳ףʡ
ңֻǡ
ֻǣ
ǸˣʼֻǸؤҺס
ȴûҪٶ˵ʲôսĶϣ˵ѹôЩˣ˵ЩҵӿѾˣղ㣬㲻׼𣿡
ңңҡղʱĶѾͨˣͷļϣСҸģү϶𡣡



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һͻҪղҪõҩӣ֮͹
ǡүɻԸ
ûˣЩȥɡͷҲصشղ뿪ˡ
үıӰҡͷ̾Сղһүͺܲһˡ
Ȼһոү˵ˣλȥ֮Ҫʾˡ
ʾүҪʾʲô
˵ǻȥҪͻ˵Ȣղ顣
ԭ鰡һʼûеһ£ͻȻ;òԾˣʲôף

ʲôʱģ
ӵĶͷһ£Ҹոһֱں˵㻹ʲôʱģ
Լţһգסӵµĸ첲ȱ˵ˣЩ˵˵үҪСղô£
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ǣȥȥǻͷٺ˵׿Ǹ£үҪǾ˵Ļ̺ҾҪظȥˡ
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Ҳú߰ҩӻûиҰ

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ͷһôӵ±ôץţĵ˶ƮҲи
㵹ǿһЩүҪȼˡ
ոողεʱĵģǲҪˡӰúҹ
㣡ҽʲôûмͱոǸסˣİɣǱñӶˣֻҪֲ
ְӵ¼Ҫֱ֣Ӱָſֿһ
Ҹﲻ֡ѾɿˣЩӵ½ץô˦˦֣֡
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үȻ˵Ļӵôһ˵ǸҪˣ˵˵˵˵
ߣҾͺ˵
ôǵģȻǱԹŵģӵµȷʵ˾ôӵˡ
ڷﶼղ·ˣȴûаѶ͵ղϰģС䣬һ̺Ӱʵˣֻղ˿ڻûȫϣѪɫ̺ӶȾɫ
үЩ䡣ʧѪղ½˳ɫ԰⣬ڷү㱦ҡ
ãұ㡣æȥ˽ţҪСдҪѹ˿ڣղڳñߴˣҲôñ˴ͷıӰ˸סɺЩ
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ץ֣ȷʵ䣬ȥְֱֻղ࣬û£ҩ͹ҩûˡ
ղڵֱúܴˣֻţҲûа취ȫסɴදȡů
үů͡ղز˲
⺢ӾǲڼţҪܹһôصˣôͲʡЩ
Ҫǽ첻үүûˡ

ҵڹˣ٣үûµģҲôˣûµģүûµġ
Ҳǹֱû뵽ɱֻҵľУôãһֱΪʶֻκɱң̫ˣߣ϶ܶ׼ҡͷЦһǴˣ
үڷҲԺǾͶһЩ
ʤλȥ󣬱ҪǺܺˣȻ˵죬ҾıŪˡ
ղһúñү
ȥˣ飬ֻҪԳԺȺͺãԣҪڴźңŸܡ
ҾҪү
㡭ԼĶͷֻղ̸ȥĻҪѭˣҲͲ׼ټ⣬ʱ䣬͸ҺúӣЩеûģһᾡ̴꣬ȻǾѳ׵
⣬үҪף
Ȼأһ׷οһǸү˵ڵĻ϶ҪȻڴϣԸΪ£ֻҵҵޣǱķɶʮؿղ۾
ղ㣺ôûйϵֻҪү߾ͺá
ղӦˣ̾Цݣô˵ˣСղ
үЦÿ
СղԽԽ˰ڵԽԽˣ˵һ˺ÿɲá
ǣүһֱ˵Һÿ

ңĺܺÿ

үǡղĻû˵ˣͱס˫ү
ڲ˵ֻҪ㣬ſ죬ñףô죬һֱ㡣
Ҳүүڣղ˯ãҲԲ·ܾģЩʲô
ģղԴ
ţģڼүˣˣҲԼ̹ˣо˯þˡ
~ղ⻰ж̹ˣղ°ָͣ˸ǡ
ȣȣǸүʱһ쳣εƮ˵Ķ˵촽ŷֿˣЩ졣
εģҩ֪š
ûһۣҩˡ
ǡӦţҩϣֿһۣ˿ŶԷģ뵽ӵº˵Ļ̲ס˵һ䣬Ǹүոպ˵ˣСղˣ*ԡ
СӣҪҷź򣿡ԴвԵؿһۡ
үС뿪𣬱ˡɿ˳ȥ
ڵĵԽԽˡԵ´
ҲΪҺãү
Ͳ˵ˣܶʲô
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סĸۡϲƯС㣬ۡ涼ƯС㡣
СС㲻ͬǸʶңֻһͷµĴܣһӽǾ;ܿˡ
ػؼΣ̬ôҺˣֻߵӣѰղİο
໡СǶأɧꡣ
ղ㰲οԴͲܹԹԴҪȥС棿ֲ㳤Сǿ϶㰡
໡ԴȻǷǳίġ
ղ㿴ֻúЦ㻹ίˣʲôίģôСϷ㻹ģ
໣໡ҪС

ղҡͷ̾ǲ֪ô˵㣬ſŰɣǳȥ£ү֪˿϶˵㡣
໡ֻŲԼӴӣڴԱߣղĶӡ
оֳ˲١ҶëղŽȥģرио
໡Ǽ⣬ⶮ
һһأǱȴŭĽݣʲô¡
໡ҸæһӣղȺ档
ղǻģæǰ˵ûүȥѾ߽档
棿˵˶ٴΣԹԴ棬ǰҵĻԷôɫĲģ˵գұӣҷʱǻұӻľӴƨɡ
һȥ֪ãȫɪɪղ˫ԲĴ۾ʪġ
ղǻŴҵģæ˵үֻֻܣɫģǾСǺÿģҪ׽
⻹ɫģҪǸˣǵͽӣÿҴ£ѵҵ˱ӣڵˢָС
žһûд򵽴ҵϣҾֱС
㿴ϢĴδعƤģô±򣡡
໣ҷҽ໡
һʱ䣬ۡ¼ҵ˸æܽӣүүҾһͷܣʲôϴҳߣҲҵļ
ҳߣ㲻ỹãһᣬǾöͷܣҳ߻ȥ@ԺǴǰˡָŴҵıӴ
໡һʵֻţԼûʲôϴαɶүˣһ֮ܳȻʵζζߣͿһȺƯС㣬ϲƯС㣬ģػģ˵ؿˣҲģûкӣͺСղĽһԼر
ղ㣺үˣôϽ֣
ô࣬һ
ղȰҲûãֿҿͰͿԼϾǾԼһܣôŶҪǣ˵үɱ򣬴СղҪ۵ģСղڻء

֪үǶҡˣֽһȰ˵ҪͰѴҵЩţʱصʳһ򣬴ҽеģȥá
˵ҲǣɤӣһУԲﶼõôжûϵǸµĴң滹Ǿòǣֻűڴǰĵϴ¡
žžѴŵƨɺСβ;ﶶţϴһͷܣҪԼһҪղȺ棬رϲС
ȾûгϢ־úЦɴѱӽȥղϢ
ǡӹӣһŴҵĺ⣬Ͱ
УԲȥɧŮ
ǡ
Ҽˣϲľ͸ܣǴƨһŤһŤģûסһ棬Ҹо໡һ˳ȥûӰˡ
ֻܣǺܿҪɾˡҡͷ̾
ղЦ˵Ǹܾ
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ֻ䡣
ղ㿴ǽľЦܹҪЩʱָүҪ̫ģڵĵѾˡֻñһƬô䣿
쿪ʼˣҲܿҪѩˡ
һȥ˰ʱÿ죬ϾҪʮˡղ̾
ǰٹһ꣬СղҪˡҲ̾
үҶСˡղǿ
ǣСղ㳤ˣɴղˣܻǾãǰôСһţģһûСղԽĵֲԾؾ˹ȥüë۽ǣٵǼ⣬ͣ˫ûκѪɫ°ϣԽԽÿңѾˡ
үһۿҵʱʲôĸоأղ֣סĦš
һ۰۾żǸСӣݵģССģġ
ΪʲôҪһأǲֻѪεԼȥԭԼʱκؤҪСҺ࣬ʲô鶼ˣǸǳûõСӣүΪʲôҪظ
ѪСղ㣬۱ô룬ҿԿ϶ظ㣬ѪҾҪ㣬ңѾܾˡ˵ţһղıǼ⡣
Ҳ
׼Сղϱӵ飬֪˵ˣղԼղ֪һöң飬һ˳ܾͺˣǣ˵ҲҪԭֻܺ˵ڤڤ֮ж㣬Ҳ죬֪ľûд
ү
ϴɾʱֻһ뷨Ǿǣ׬ˣҾȻһˣҪȻ쿴쿴šҷԼϲ㣬Կ㳤㳤󣬾ܳΪҵˡٺˣȻеĲ̫һǣĳ˵Ҳҵˡ
ղ㱻˵ԼıӣǸүҪһɡ
ãҲûôǸеʵ̫ˣղ㡣
ǣԺ󣿡




ھʮ·ʮ XҶ裨ʮ



ھʮ·ʮXҶ裨ʮ
ﴦ㣬û˵ѩˮϴɾ󣬾Ϳʼľͷϵ¸ˣ֮һ׵ĿܣҶǫ̃ȥЩ𣬰ѿľͷˡ
Լ﷭ת㣬ȫȣľȣҺóԡ
һ㱻𿾳ζɢ˳Ҷ;÷ǳζֱֱζǣƵߣ㰡ƹǺգԺ˵ǿֱȥʦˡ
ˣе㲻ģһĽȥʦҪЦ
Ҷˣæֻ˵˵֪⽫

￴㿾˳ѧһѧҶʵ
ĵԼⶼŪúܺó𣿿ѵ𣿵ţȴû˵ֻǡšһʾͬ⣬Ͼɽ˰׾ֻˣһ˵˵ҲʵЩġ
ҶӦˣ˵Աߵĵ棬ôߣɽ˼ӣȴ䣬Ҳͽţһɽ濾㣬ҶĳǴûĸоҲܲ
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ʲô˵飬ȻҪ֪ĻҾ͸㡣ƿĵطҶ΢΢ǣƣҪ֪ǰ飬ǲ˵ôһأ
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ꣿ
ƣҺСյ飬ҲҵЩϵ

ҺܶˡҶ迴Լ˫֣ЩԳЦЦЦɣǸȴһӵˡ
ţ˷ǳǣ˵κ˶зʱҲɱܶ಻ɱˣңɱˣԱ࣬ڲѾ֪Լ֪˾ͺãԺ˫־ȸˣһˡɡ
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ǺãҾ˵Ҷüͷ˵飬ҽڵĵӣӵµʦ֣ҽ˫ݣʦΪصһˡϲͺܶ˱ҽͶʦΪ𷣹ҺܶΣҶûκλڸġ
һʼͱ˱ԵʱõĶССãСЩǣҡҵʱ̫ҪӮˣңҡ˵Ҷ˫ֱסԼͷȥʮʹࡣ
¶ˣΪ˱ԣ
ǣ¶ˣһʼֻһˣ¶ˣһʱԾȻ֮ǵĶעԽԽ󡭡ٵ󣬱һӵˡ

ұԵǸ˽ŷ£ʦ置ˣ˵置Ķ޵Уܽ⣬ҲţȻҾͺģ͸һӵ˹ƶ
ҩ𣿡
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ǣСպʲôϵ
СաǸΨһһӣ֮Ҫ뿪ʳǵʱȥǵĴӿۣҪСգڴιȥˣ֪ǴˣΪһֱţҾϲˡ
ȴͱŮ˳ˡ
ҶסԼǵģûҰ󣬺ˣȴŵԸٺ˵ҲԸˣ֮󣬻ͱŮ˳ˡǸʱʦҵңҲٴǸĵĵطʹӦʦܺһо·չ㡣
չңѵеĲ׽ҶĻ
ҶʶԼ˵©죬æεԣȥҲҩ
ȴǺúŪˣ۾Ҷ裬ʵʣҶҪҵʲôҩ
ҡҶԼͷ˰죬ȴȷ벻ԼҪҵʲôҩʵûֲҩģĶôܼǵ塣

үҪ㣬˻ڱ߽¶㣬߱㣬㲻Ҫܵ
үĺ⣬ˣүôƶվһߡ
үûָվһߣֻǾǶ֮ģϣû¡

ģҪңƣүĲҶ輫ҪΪ⣬ץסƵļ
ֻǵؿ˵оһЩ
㡣
ҶԼڹֲ濪⣬һֱ֪ү˼ȷʵǸˣҾĵ̫һЩ
ǸŤļһҾֱ˵Ҳүˡ

Ҷ迴һŤزԸ⿴ԼҲǿ̸ֱ˿ʵôЩˣ̫ҪɱСȫ˵顣ں˵ˣҲ̹ࡣ
̹˾ͺãЩڵѪ˵ɱôЩˣʲôƵ
ʵЩ춼룬ϲСҲҶֻΣֻϣܺúչֲĿǷҲԣһôˡҶһСľ˵©죬ЩûڣתͷƣȴĥԼ˵Ļ
ʱҲ
ʵҡҶţȻڶѾ˵ˣɴȫ˵˵ˡ
ƺʶʲôæתƻ⣬ѩԽԽˣҲ֪ʲôʱҵǡ
ơر̫ˣҶãҲѾԼĸоҡ
㿾ˣһڿƽ̧Ҷǰȴҿһۡ
Ҷ貢ûмȥ⣬Ƕ˵ҵСսˡ

ԸȵģϲҡҶôͷơ
Ʊ˫۾ЩѹҲϲ㡣
ҿԵȵϲңóȴӹеĿ㣬˺һ⣬ڣûеζϣȻȴΪƵĻзɬ˵˵ɣƣ˵˵ˣ˵˵Щ̣ܹûʲô˵˵ⷦɡ
ҵ飬ʵûʲô˵ģҼǽŻϴģҸһŶҴСѧ䣬ʮŸȥսˡѵúͱԼ飬ʵҲͦȤģһ˵˵ûûˡֻԼһתͷһԹҶôԼ˯ˡ
Ҷ裿΢΢һԼĸ첲Ҷ貢ûѣһ뵽չԼһҹûϢйⲻȥҲԼϿţԼſš
ζʵ̫óԣģûеϣųҲζͬˣƵǾҶסóһЩҲҶξԸɾġZϫFՈPע
ôӲİˣ˶򣬷Ҷ軹ûѣǿĶ࣬ŲҶԼŶĻҶѹ϶ֻ˵ɴͰ˱éݶϣ·̺ӹˡ
ոûŵûʲôоôһţȴҶЩ̣Ҷ裿
ȥҶȴ̣ĵȴôѲ
Ҷ裡Ҷ裡ҡҶ輸£Ҷ˻ӦͷۣͷΣң˯һ
ڷȣ
ܰɣҾȫûͷۡҶ赹һ㶼ȣ⼸Ϊչ챻ţҪµģϢãǲܵģӹǺãСֱôҩţҲһ飬ܿȬ
һˣǴ򣬸Լҩ
˯˯ͺˣң˯һȻһᲡøأҲҪúϢעˣˣȻһչ㡣

Ҫ˯һھȫۣе䡣
󣬶û˵ֱӰڻ·̺Ӱ˶ˣõû
Ǻ𣿡
أġ
Ǿͺã˯һвҪ˵ʱҲҪҡ

ÿ˾ȥȵֱȥѩˮȾС
ĺ󱳣˯ɡ



ھʮһ XҶ裨ʮģ



ҶϾ֮ǰȽ棬ȵʱҪ߱ӣʱֻܽơ
ȵʱ򣬾ͰţʱҲǽů͡
ԼҲǺܺã˾ôŶԷߡ
ҹҲˣ֮ǰҶк˵ˣҪ룬Ҷ赣ģôһֱţҶ裬ܿˡ
ٴѹʱƷѾɽˣ۵ǰ׻ӣ²ǻԵʱʿҵǣǴӪʡ
Ⱥĵһţȴҩ㣬ͷһͿҶ衣ڵҶ۾˫šȥҶĶͷĶͷ̵ģæҶ裬ѣ衣
Ƶ˽Щ⣬ˡǿǵˡ
һ˶ã
ʿҵʱ򣬽ҶѾˣ˯죬ɽͲ֪ˡ
ҵҵģ
ǰ׾ԡ
׾ԡ
İ׾ԹȻһƥͨԵ
ˣ
ǳԲݣȻץˣҽ˵ҶĺãѾûдˡ
Ǿͺãҽ˵ҶʲôΪʲôڻڷȣ
⡭²֪Ҿҽ˵
á
ʿ뿪Ӫʣһưɾҽˣҽˡ
ҽƺæ¸ͷ֪ʲô¡
ֻ㣬ΪҶûѹ
ҽ̧ͷСĵؿ˯ڴڲҶ裬͵ҶӺǲһҽڵ˴Сҩˮһ㲻Ǵ󲡡
ǻôæʵ
֮ǰҶ̽࣬Ҷ޴󰭣ֻһ˷硣
Ȼûд󰭣Ϊβѣüͷ˵ֻҪ˯һϢˣͻáиҩ
⡭ҽڵӹ볣˲ͬ²óȻҩֻܵҶԼ˸Լҩҽ˵
ѣǣҪѲأһ뵽ҶҲѲƾ;ԼؿƵţ취һҪѹ
ͱΪˣֻһľҽûǸҶѹ֮ʣֻеȡ
ȡƴ˵֣κߵؽߵĲ輸ƷˣҪʲôã
ʿǺĻ𣬶ڵͷ
ҹŭֻҪѹڵϵЩ˶ˣΪһͳ˧סˡ
ʿǰͲߣҪߣǾ͸æ˳ȥֻоҽѣһҪŸҶˮΨһеķҲʪëϴӣܽ¡
ֺһЩҽʵǱŵˣæߡ
ھʣƺҶ裬ͷҶͷϵ¶ȣֻñԼͷࡣ
뵽ҽ˵ûæƿ죬ⲻƿҪһƿͷҶϰŵġ
Ϊն͸ļȫƲ۾˦˦ͷŲԼ˫۾æȥˮҶϴӡ
ֻǾҽ̸ķûʲôôҶڵǻȵģ룬ιˮֻ˵ǽŵģҪιȥһ㶼ס
ͻȻ뵽ɽҶԼιҩ龰ҲҪҶιˮպˮͷҪҶ촽ʱȴЩԣ֪ҶԼˣιˮ;УҶѹˣ֪ԼˣʱôܾҶ裿
뵽͵̧ͷҪķʽҶιˮʲôʽˮǻҲιȥ
ƷԼĶͷֻ۵ҪҲ֪ΪǴΪҶͷۣܹںܻҡ
۾ôҶĶƤ˵촽˫һҲҲûˮ󣬵ǱˣԾһڿˮĺҪȥһ졣
뷨ð亹ȭͷŻںŵԴӣֻϧôûãҪȥס
һֱǸֱֱȥˣ
ԥ˰ΣǺһˮôҶͣȥ˿Ҷ촽һ룬ˮ˹ȥֻڸҶˮȥʱһֱ۾ġ
ܿͷ˲ԣҶӾȻƤ¶ţ˸ŵģ
֪ȣ˲̧ԼӣŭؿҶ裬Ҷ裬
ôһɴϵ˸ûҪſ۾˼¸ֵװˣ֪ţڶ
һֱװεҶ裬仰Щգڻ۾ЩȵؿƣǸҡ
ʲôʱѵģ
գոա
ƼҶͷҿԼ϶ѣҶ裬ҵĺܺ棿ǾˣҺܺ棬֪ҲϲˣȴҪҳ󣡡
ûҪûҪˣ㣡Ǹողѹû뵽ιˮҡ
ˣзֺãˣȴװûѣһＱת
ǵģûżû㵣ģǡ
ҲͣҶ裬̫ʧˣ
Ҷ豻˵ΣƵĻȷʵЩ˵ģҲҳϣιˮ֮ǰˣô֪ιˮ
֮ǰιˮģô᲻֪һ
Ҷʱ۾֪֮ǰιˮҲװ˯
һʱ䱻ҶĻҭסˣ˵
֪ϲ㣡Ҷôֱֱؿƣ˵úǿ϶
֪ȻѾزҲֻ̯ƣ仰˵ģȫûһ㲻ңȥ㡣
˵㣡ΪʲôҪ㣬һǣҷҪҪ㣬ôУҷµȥ㣿
㣡
ҶҲ֪һץסƵ죬ֱӾͶ˹ȥ
һº󣬴书ҲãֱӰҶˤ˴ϣֱֱײ˴ͷʲôҶ裡ҲϲˣԶϲ㣡Ҫٳ룡
ͺǱʲôණһһĨԼ졣
롭Ҷ૵⼸ֻ֣ûһ㣬ȫۣͬƵ۾ÿն񣬡ĺϲ㣬Ȼֻദ˼£ǣĺϲ㡣
ƿҶĿЩۣתӣȥҶ裬ҶӣŴڽӴΣֻȢŮˣȢˣοұͲϲ㣡
ҿԵȵģϲңܵȵģ궼ԡ
ֻϲŮˣֻȢŮˡңȵĲ֪ϲˣҾеˣϲҿԸýֻҪҲϲ㡭
ֻϲģơ
ǸҲϲ㡣
ϲֱܾҶֻúܣģۿҲʪģƾԼûйס۾ӣñӹסԼƣ˵
㡭û°ɣ
û£˯һͻԼӪʡ
ƵģűƾǿˣҪοҲ֪ôο
Ӫʱĳ棬ս
ʱ򣬻ƸӪ⴫˹
£Ϊյȥ⡣
Ƹƣ۷Ź⣬ôˣˣǾͰҰŪ˰ɣûҪˣ͵ء



ھʮ XҶ裨ʮ壩



ֻͨҪ˴͵ӪоͻҪףһοǽΪҶһ߶ˣǲҰ󣬻ȥͻףʽȻָ⡣
Ƕ죬Ұǰϰʮ죬ҲʵģƻˣҲͿףˡ
ƾҪҶ裬Ƹôһ˵̻Ӵ·׼ȥ
ߵӪſڣ־ӦúҶһȥϾڻʳǻطǿģֻоӪУһΪѵõķżҩ̻ҲǺ׳۵ģҶûпʵ̫ϧˡ
ŵҪ̤ӪʵĽţ˻ȥߵǰԼɤӣ˵ҶҪ䣬ȤĻȥһ
˰Σ˻شñӰԼŹסҶͺ˯һ㣬ûκεķӦЩԾҶΪιȥæǰҪҶŵıӸƿҶȴקűӣƿ
ҶҶ
ʱҶǳˣڲôЩ˻ȥ
ԵıҶӦǿˣһʱҲ֪ôźãǣңȥ䡣
ȥɡ
ʵǺܲĻþҽ㿴ߵſڣֲĵض˵һ䡣
û£Լҽ
ǣˡƿӪʣֲĵؿҶһۣ˳ȥ
߳ȥҶŴӱۣȴûзʲô˵ж᲻ᵯȷʵѹȥˣСվܾ󲻾ãͶһθ飬ٴαܾˣҲΪյȫ̫ˣھԼĳֻۡҪǰһ뿪ĵĵطĵˣԺ˾Ͳϲκˣһ˹¶Ҳ
һŵ·Լڰǰ֮Ҫõҩдˣָ˷˼ƿԽ򶾵ҩϣһֽд˵Ļƺ󣬾׼ʰŶ뿪
ĶҲǺܶ࣬ҩ䣬ҩЩģһֱЯţϰˣֻҪһЩС
ڽ䣬ʲôעصԼӪУܿͰԼĶʰˣ˾ӪſںžӪŵ˵ԼڲԶĵطϡеĲҩȥ˾ͻ
ʶģ˵ҪȥҩȻЩɻ󣬵ϾǾʦֻ˼ҶСһЩͷˡ
뿪ӪǼ򵥡Ҷֿ˼ľӪ֣ЩʿǵĻЦЩȴһ㶼ÿģֻҪ뿪˵ûкãԾ԰ɣѵôһΡ
ֻǣûү񣬲֪ʦܻ᲻ǣ
뵽ͻȻͣס˲ӣǵү˵ƲԸͶκһɣĺĴӿܻ¶
ʶƺ置ʿ置óùƶ˸˹ƶԵģɫζ֣ǾĽҩҲû취
һ뵽ƿܻҶ;Լʹһ㶼Ҫ˵ϵģԼһĲҲƺģԼ˴ľƵӣˣǶԲˡ
ɣҪ뿪ѾƵˣ˵ʱҪˣʱȥĻⲻΡҶʵеΪѣߣǲߣ
ɴ·ߵʯͷ˼飬գҲôĶǲģôһֱš
ȴǼˡദôʱ䣬ܹЩģô뵽˵Ҷ裬Լôһܾ͹ϵˣô䣬ҶϵĲûкãûôһ˲лȥⲻԼܣ
һӣӶʱķˣǰѻƸһڵĽʿˡ
ǣôˣ⻹治ֻܹƸ˵֮ͣǰҶΣҲûǼҽ⵹ô£
Ǽףȥ˸һ˵գ̫ð¾˳ȥһڽʿ
⣬⽫ôˣ
֪ǽûзĻѵǺҶìˣ
нʿãֻҪһǺҶìܣֻлƸô»ЩΡ
ʱͻȻͿ˵Ͱ͵ֽӣֽ򿪺󣬾ȻˣеĽʿ˻֣Ƕɢ˰ɣɢ˰ɣûʲô顣
Ƹ⵽ǣ
ͺǰһҶìˣӦǽҶֱӸҳˣⲻȥҶ𣿰ǽҲֱƢҶʲô鶼û𡣡
ҶʵǲˣҽҲܸǲҶĻҲҶΪѵġ
ǰǰҶˣ
ҶҲǿ
߾Ӫ˶ƵĲˣһ¶Ҷ衣
飬ȫ֪ġ
ڣѩѩҶϣЩˣѾͨˣԺ˾Ͳ˵͵ǿһˣҲûʲôġܲͲ棬飬˵˵ܺܿ쵭ˡ
ϵѩô׼Ҫȥˣȴû뵽һתͿŭ壬ơ
㡭
Դӵôģô죬㻹գܳ㲻Ҫ𣿲Ҫֱ˵ֱһͱˣʹһЩ
˵Ҳδ̫һЩҿҽһ纮ԼԼ룬ܿܺáҶ²ۣȴһ仰˵ӾӪߡ
ոԼѾ¶ģҪ˵ɲͿ˵
Ҷ裡㣡ƺҶԴҶֱӴ߹һʱЩ޴룬ں溰Ҷ輸
Ҷû˵Ļһֱǰߡ
Ҷ裬㵽ʲô˼ʵ̫ˣƼԱ߶ţ뿪Ӫչ涨Ҫʮ塣

Ҷ裡
Ҫʹ򡣡Ҷôһ仰첽ߡ
ʵǸ㲻ڵҶ裬ҶѵôĻҶ裬㵽ô£Ϊʲô˵
ƽƆ£ҶȴƷǳ£ֻҪʲôƵҲţֻס䡣
Ҷ裡㵽ô£

Ҷ裡ǰһѳҶ֣Ҫ˵˼䣬ȴ˵ָ̣æȥҶĶͷⲻãһҲ̵þˣôộ



 XҶ裨ʮ



ôộҶŤֱۣҪƵ֣ȴץ֣ϷſҪƢҲӦԼ忪Ц
ҷ֣Ҷݺݵ˦֣ûƴ󣬾û취˦
ҪǷ֣ûӰô죡
֪ôȥҪġ
ңô·ģ
ֻǸ⡣֣
ţ
֣
ţ
Ҷ豻ţĻίһȫͷ̧žͶߣ㵽ҪôҪ˵㲻ϲˣͱҰֲŮˣնѣô
̫ˣﴵء
ǴԼĲ飬Լģ
յɫˡ
ҿ㣬ɫͲܺãʲôҶǰ߼ƽ棬˵˵ʲôץҲţûҪȥ𣿡
˿ЩҶ˵ʱֱ絽ƵĲЩŤתͷε˵ңͣ㡣
ҲԼҲҪͲܲҪһãǶ˼ģ
衭ҺܱǸڣƷſҶ֡
ˣ˵ˣԴҲҶű紵κЩʹԴһȥˡ
ײײӪķߣֻû߼;תֱһͷѩ
裬裬ҡƻæܹȥ˱ڻȴҶѾιȥˣҴȥ򣬿򡣡˱𡣺æӪϡ
ӪĽʿǶΧҰظ裬ȴžʦˣһʱ䶼
⣬ô°ƸŻȥҶ裬˵е͡
ˣҽأҽȥˣ
ڣڣҶôҽִ̽˴Ҷ£ȴָߵˣҶҶôյ
Ǵң۾ɵͭСҩںܣ
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ֲ㣬ҲưҶڴϣñӰѷס
ҶǱպͿˣһֱ˵ֵĻֻ˱ǽץơ
ʦңҲ룬ԣԶҩҺã۰ʦ
ۣҲۣһ̣һ̾͹ȥˣҲ۵ģһ㶼ۡ
ǣһǺ۰Һ۰
Ҳ٣ˡҪ
Ҷ۽߳ΣȻۼˡ
˵ҽڵĵҪٶֵĻǧֶҩȴû룬⾹ȻġֻҸҶ򿪵ҩ˵Ҷûжôҽҡͷ̾
ûãҿȺȿû˵ۣ
⡭
ƼˣҪҩͲۣûУȻ;㣡
⡭
㿪ҩͿҩôϻƸһ߸ҽʹ˸ɫ
ãðɡҽֻܲŶͷ亹ȥˡ
ƸҶ
ȥ

Ҳҳȥ
ŶĩˡƸæ뿪Ӫʡ
ۣۡҲۡ
ԲҵĴԲ𡣡ִҶ֣סԼĶͷҲԣҲ˵ʵʵңҲ˺ģõһˣҲÿĳҲãҲ˵Щġ
ۡ
֪ۣȥҩˣҩͻЩ
ԺеҶʱȴüͷҪҩҩҩܿ࣬ܣءܡҺܡ
ˣһˣʲôޡôֲڵָҶĨᣬԽĨԽ࣬ˮ𣿰ڴͷҶ豧ڻţޣޣԡ
ۣܣء
ɣͲˡ
㣬㲻𣿻ҶġҶһ˫˵۾ƣ۾ûо۽ȻԺġ
ûоģֻǣˣˣҲ㣬Ҷ衣ĴָĦҶ촽ǸкӣȴÿϸƤģǸŮӣҶȢ㡣
˾Ͳ𡭡
ˡ˫ʪ۾ζ˵ܾĻţҲǲаɡ΢΢Ҷ°ͣͷסǸѵ촽¶ȺܸߣڸȴܺãԼҪʧˡ
Ƭ̧̣ͷҶմ۽ë붼û룬ֱ촽ȥǰµΣ޵ʱҲǺÿģҲˡ
ţҲҶԺġ
˭أ룬Ǵſԡ
ԣҶգ۾
ѵõЩɰţҶ¿Լڸ˵ˣҲǲ˵ɣɻۡ
۵ġҶɵƻץƵ֣ȴûٿˣץţᣬһЩ
ǾץŰɡҶĶͷΪϱӣ˯ɣ˯˻㣬ҩһẰԡ
ҪҩҶٴüͷ

Ҫԡ

Ҫ
ôƢô֡
ҪҶôƻ۾˯˹ȥ
˯ˣָ̽̽ͷ̾ͷǺ̰
ơ˯ŵҶͻȻðһ仰
ţ
ϲ㡣
ϵı鲻ϱ仯ڶɳģ֪ҴҲǣϲİɡ
˵һÿĻȡ



 XҶ裨ᣩ



Ҷѹʱ򣬷Լ˽ڻ˫ռϼ֣Ϥĺɫ·֪̾Լ˭ˡ
ܾԼˣڱԼҪʲô̧ͷ˯ʮְݵƣЩơ
ˣѵĺ˹ȴûԭԼڻеˣȴűӣԼ˯ţûܣ
֣ҪҶĶͷϣ̽һ£ȴһĿˡ
㡭
ûˣܣҳȥ

Ҷûжתͷ£ȴƻԼһôȥ
ԼĺԣЩεغٺҵӪʣҾȥҲ֪ȥģô䣬Ѳߵʿ⣬Ը档
㣡Ҷ豻һҭҧ촽Ǻãҳȥ
˵գҪ´ȴƸסˣڻܳȥ硣
Ҳҵ¡
ô¡
ѵ²ɣ
Ȼҵ顣Ƶ
ʲʲôҶЩԼģѵˣϲ˲ɣ
ǳʲô飬үƵ
ȻӦö˺ڴǲϲ˵ģǸԺҪڽӴģϲҲȷʵԡҶ˦ԴҲ֪ԼΪʲôҪƱ⡣
Īݵ̫𣿿˲ʶðôݵˣҶԴֱٺһˣȻԼ϶ʣˣ㲻úүʲôԭҾүɹģҵǱ㣬Ҹ𡣡
룬Ӧ˫ģ㻤ȫȻҲӦȫ
Ҷ룬Ҳ֪Ҷʲô˼һǾãӦñһ¾롣ҶŲ˼
ƾԼ˵Ҷģ˵ʲô黰Ҳ˵ڣǣһץȥҶ֡
ʲô
㡣
Ҷ趼ûӦô£촽ͱƺʵĴ˸ʵĴһƬհףȫ㲻ΪҪǲϲԼԼ
룬Ҫң
Ҷֻ뵽ֿܣ˳Żҧһڣʲôϲͱң˵ʲôңҪ𣿣
㷢յʱİٻˡĨ촽ϵѪЩĿơ
ʲʲôҶԴͻȻðһϵл棬˵ϲʲʲô
ڲƵˣҶˣ֮ģԭʹȴЩ΢ۣȴƣôһͷ֮࣬ǰ˵ҪŮ˳أôĻϲһ˰㣬ҷյʱ򣬵׶ʲô
ңûʲôǣ̫ˣң㣬Ͳôˣ֮˯úܰȡ

ңʵҲˡεؿԼָܾ㣬ʵֵͦġ

Ǹʵͦϲģ촽ҲǼˣӸ㿴ģԣǸǸ֧֧Ҳ˵ʲô
ҶԼڿҵţ㵽Ҫ˵ʲôǸ˾͸ˬ˵
Ұɣ룬ҲһҪȢӣոҪҲϾԼĺҲһϲ顣
ԣ
԰ɣҾᣬܻչˣҲÿѹ·Ҷ㻹ֳ嶯ԸҲͦϲģȻе׿ޣ޿Ůöˡ
˵ص㡣
ҲͦϲģҾǿһԡ˵ˣƾԼһɣ˿ųĬҶ裬ȴҶĻظ㣬أ裬ҪҪҡ
ƣҶֱ˽ƵĻǸ쵰ӣɵӣ
ȱסҶ裬˳ͷͻȻЩһֱѹеĴʯͷûˣڸ鷽棬ȷʵ̫⣬㿴Ҷʮˣ˵һ¸ңҲܾ𣿶ңܶŮ˼Ҳ飬Ҳҡ
ɵﲻˣҶ迴ϵˣõģ
ҲõģȻʱƢе󡣡
Ҷ̧ͷ
ƱҶ趢ͣæңϲϲӡ
Ҷ̸˿Ǹ
ǣǡ
Ƣܾ󡣡
Ժġ
øģƢʵҲͦɰġҶץסƵ֣Ħϼ룬ʮָգѡңͲܺڣȻ¶ٰȻһĿֲ
ơཡ˿ڿˮ⻹еݣһ¿°ɡ
ңԺҵˣκθҽӽˣҾ͸¶Ҷһ˫ƯĵۿƣͳúÿһջƵĵƣƾ;Լͷˡ
ɤӣԼͼ˵飬ǲҪ˱ȽϺá
ҲܣԺֻҵģֻܿңҲֻܱҿ
Ƕŵоͷ쿴ô죿սҪн档
ǾͰѵоˣҲսˣ֮ǰ϶ˣҲϲôӢÿҶ踧ΪԼҩ˧ֹ⻬
ִָ֣⣬ҴӦ㣬ˡ
ңһ̲סҪ㣬㣬
ɿҶĴЦʶҶ裬ףױˣڲţκԶġ
κԶԣҶ۾
Ȼ
Ҫ㣡





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ղܵȻƲأ˽һ죬ȻҪ²չﻹȥа飬οɤӺ𣬸ûκζ
ˣͺղڱ򿴿飬˵˵黰ӹõǺһ
ֻȻˣκȴĻӭ͡κڿ­󲻾þˣֻֻǵúʮţʶ飬һŶ֪ˡ
ͺһҲص˺ͯʱÿ춼źʮŽһ̶Ը뿪ʮû취ֻܵﶼ
ҲһֱκȻκͱЩ͡ɱˡ
ʮŸ磬ΪʲôҪɱأҺԩ޳ġκץźʮŵ䣬ؿűʮһĴ̿ǡ
ʮջеĴ󵶣ǳκȥϵѪգΪ֪һЩӲ顣
ʲô֪ѽҾܾԴģͺʲôһ㲼þĻۡ
ǾͱˣֻҪߣͻᰲȫʲôҴȥԡ
ϴε棬ġκֻҪ뵽Ǹζˮֹס
ϲõǺСʱһҴȥԡʮǣκߣܿҵһС̯ӣκš
ϲˡκҸЦݣζسţȴͻȻо󾱷
˵ʱʱ죬ʮһ̧֣סκ̫ǿ󣬲ֱðѪ
ƷκͻȻеȵģһζͷһȴʮŵѪʮţʮŸ磬㣬֣
û£²ٰسˡʮŽеСˤڵϣؿܣҪϻ
Ҹһ¡κͳɫľСĵΪʮŴ˸ᣬȥһҪú˵Ⱦڻ᲻۰ʮŸ硣
ʮſϵİɫ˽֣һѱסκһ·񱼡
ʮŸ磬ôˣʱ۾ȴɴˣ桭
𿴣˵ʮƾŸоϮĹȴƵһû˵Ľ䣬
κû·ˡ
ܰܰʮš
ʮߣȻ㣬ɱүҲ㡣ʮŵһҲţκһ˫İغôֳС͹ĺˡ
ûҡ
û뵽ᱻʶֻڻϣӼǱ֪
ϲֱΪǽʬᱻʬˮҶʣ
˵档ʮŰγ˴󵶡
ҵĶ֣խС㻹Ҫһ޸֮ˣʤңҪ֪ҿùĸ֡ο㱾ҵ°ܽ
ʮֻǻӵŷʮ߹ȥ
κ˵ڽԼΪʮŵĸ۾ŷʮߣȴʮԼǳϤʮŸϤУһַǳֲϤУ
ܶƬΣ̫ˣͷʹѣʮŸģҧţԼҪЩʧȥļ䣬֪ΪʲôҪɱ
ʮźͷʮߵĴ򶷻ڼţʮ֪ʮǹκһֱ̼
ҿƺʲô鿴źʮʹడĪҵǿ飿
㣡ʮһðֵĵ˼֣
ǺǣЩģɵŭѾ˴ɣٳˡ˵ŷʮ߳úʮŲ׼κ˵ټɣʮš
գ˲䣬ʮ˹ȥκڻӲذκһ
ʮŸ磡κţŭֱţЩʵļһʱңˣʮŸ磬ǿңңȻȻң˳ӣ˺ö£˺ö࣬ʮŸ磬ʮŸ磡
ˣҲûʲôˣܹҪˣʮŸһҲҵĿݴˣĸлҲŶԣκŶӦý²ղŶԡʮЦ
Ȼ̫ˣʮߣүҪӣôֻһ˻
ʲô
ɣʮߡ
ʮʶؿȴûκˣֻòһʹٻعͷʱֻкʮ۾㣬㾹Ȼ
ɵĲǷŭԳֹߣˡ˵仰ʮһκæǰס
ʮŸ磡㣬˺öѪ
£ֻСˣҪġһźŵүźš
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γ
ң𣿡
ˡ
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֪õһѶ°æ˻κػʳǣд壬ϣܳ顣
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