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vipǿƽ:һڻʷһûûյڻң׵ƫﲡصС˵ſռȡ֮ʼ¸˹Ѹƣѧáʮ󣬽ƽϿȴ֪ʱǱƻݱʮǰݰһŵĴ֪ǰĴǴ֪һ鿪ʼչԼͬʱҲδڻ󣬽꣬Ҳ໥йͬɳķ죬ֱ׶СīǰԸ渵
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1 
ڷùζϵһ˴̾
Ҫ̫ȥͷһȦȷⲻΡ
һʱǰģսպСԭļ䣬͵Сԭ̽Ϣ
װôã˵ôˣȵöЩͷʱϤϤĶŴͷ
ҸսȥȷϹûˡôĺ𣿵ֺˣ᲻ᷢǹģʱﻹƴ˳ɵųֲòԣֲҷ
˵СԭǮ϶һǮϣСԭĸ
Ǯžһ²֪ĶûϢģôûҩܻٰˣʱ˵СֵûģһҿûˣȽǶשӺͲƲ㣬ҪʲôûУ
ƽʱͦТ˳ģҲԡǮ϶е᲻ý
ôһǽò˻׸ǸŽգǮҵҲġ
ǮϿ޺һŴȣТ˳ҪТ˳ۿһס߷ǶשݲӵһȥסҲƼǲģ죬϶ˣСսһǮҵãõӣĵԿۣТ
˵ţǮʹǮ϶š
Ǯ϶Ҷ㣬˵Т
뵽˵Ժֵܼøգǡģ
˷ӺǮȢ
뵽һ£һ£ֵ˵ڴһȢףӻεʱԵ޹ʲڽѪöˣûץ֣ᡭ鵽ɣ
Ǯɫһ䣬ɶ˾֣ķûᣬҧҧʲôֲǴģ˵СĶģҲ鲻ǣϽģȻ˾ͳˣ
ô˦ԭ¡
ȽŲԶȥһ˫þˣ֪ǵļƻźüвУ˦
ʱҴҪȥᾭƷӡ
ǽǰϷӣͷȴͷܽ
ϹǰǮ϶ȥһҲϵʬ壬һɡ
ˤڵϣרΪϷŵһ뼦ͷôһأˤ÷飬Ǯ϶ۡ
ͷʳ죬źתţ⺰һˣˣˣ
Ǯװյϱţһ⣬ɤӺϣӿĹϣôô벻ôôСûԺôҵĽϣ
Ǯһпأѽ鿸ųͷĽҴΧդ棺ףⲻŵ׼ôˣ
żϷӲͿˣ
˶ӺͷǮ˸Ů˵Ϊ˲ΪŮ·ӽɿͷܽһ
Ÿӵ˶ӣ˿أ֮һҶȥϷҲķˡ
ɽϡ棬ôǮˣ
Ĳᣬ²λǮϺǮϺһֱάαһֱĨᡣ
;ͽСԭ
ϱۣݳǺӡûˡ
˵һʲʲô
ϱͣ˵չ˲ܣ벻⺢ôһʱ벻͡
÷˼ö˶˵ģô˵ûûˣԴô£
˵ǡġǰʹ󲮼ҵĴ󱦶ںӱ棬СôʹˣûҪƴ󱦶ˮ󱦶һ㣬Լȥˡպﾭȥﲻˮⲻһĸ֪չʱ߶䣬һ֮¾ܵס˵ǡļˡﲡôأ⼸ǶչҲûСģֻÿ͵Եģ˭֪ոͷŷ֣ҹ·ӶӵϣԼˡأ⺢ôô벻ϱ˵ˣſ޵ģһ
Щ˹⺦ˮߵǷǺڰף˵ЩΥĻȿ־ֺ£ȴΡ
Ҵɵۣȥ֪ͨ
ʱϴϱҲǰ˴󱦶ˣһСľ˵ձ̧ĽϿ޺
ȴֻһҲûС
Ϸ
ʱͿһĻˣﲡ֪öϱȥһӼ
ʱ˽Ҵ岻٣һŮƽʱչһ
Ӵǳе£˭֪Ȼˡ
ûĹȥֻһۣͿԶСֽţͷţɫ࣬΢ţµָ˿Ӳģץʲôʵɲȴ˲̡
ӽܿѹ⼸ʳû·һأǺӻˣжʱ䣬
̾ϢһҪȥͺһ̣󱦶޺˵ǵĴС£øõҪ֪øˡ
⻰Ǵ˽̵ģϱһϣֻҪô߿ޱߺ켦һ˳һģƽʱʱޣӦ֣޵һᡣ
дﲻ̣ãôһޣҲܣһȺô¡
ﻹţǮ϶ȻǮҵĶӣȴ׸ģǮˣܰ£ֻˡ
ûԸ꣬ͻȻһС
Ǳ޺ٵǸϷСķġ
ɻȥСıǣҲˣɪɪ
ǮϴҵСģһǮ󱦣һǮ
Ǯø磬꣬һ꣬ø硣
Ǯͽͬ꣬꣬С£õܡ
ǮӺصͣٿ޵ʱ̫һһԸǲˣûƹģ
ͱߺſ۵ָһҪͿɫĽɵĺúõģͻȻͷǲһŤǲһŤŵǮһ£Ϸ޺ͷϵǮ󱦡
Ǯ󱦲˿ȥСľͶŤͷŷۣͷ͵ĵģĿǵߵǷǺڰףƵҡĿҪǰǲ˵ʵһһӰ
Сûסг
Ǹձһһȥû˵ʲô
СıѾƵ۶忪ʼӰȰȰȫ˵
ҪǲҪǣǰô˵໣ǰ˵Ҫ֪ˮͻǣǾҪܳͷûԣԼּǲ˵ƵԺӲˡĲǣҪȥҰţйءСĿصģޣ
Ҳܱ˾Ϳʼǰ߻ͷͿŵͻȻŵһ£໣Ǻ£˵ô˵ֻҪϵǸһܳԼģôǡ
СĴŵ̫ݣһˡ
ϴϱ˹ȥСı̧ͷϽôۣˤҲŵɫҰף㡢㲻ǡûթʬ


2 ת
ҲһĻŵˣǮϸǶ֣ɵ׸һ㣬ͻȻǮ϶һۣ˵ûˣ
֪ûõԼȥȷˣ
û뵽Ϻ걻һСˡ
һһ𾪵Ǯһɨֻ֪ƾռûǾû취ǮЩˣʱܣС˵ǿһ֡
ڽҴϣ֪ҴĴ۸ָ
ŲԶССĺӣ뵽ոǮǮĻʱʲôɫҲ࣬ŽĿºͺࣺܶģвڣû۸ǽҴˣ
ǴһոҲˣǰȷ죬ҺǮǮںӱ棬ҵ⣬ҲǾҸ䣬ǮҸȥʱ̫ңϵˮﱻŵˣΪ˾Ҳˡ
̫Ҳ־壬˭֪һعʱ򣬷ҪǮԼµˮţ˵ô˵ģȻսƽʱҲ𾴣ƽʱôԴԼ𣿽ôСѣ
Ǯϵɫѿ֮װˣŽɫʹ𣿰ƽʱôģ󱦶СôһеҼǴˣϴҵģǲô˵ѵģƽʱôģôôԩ
ϴϱǳ˳飬ɵ׶ĸвĿӲͷƤˣϱ¶Сģ͡͡ԲԭҰɣ
Ǯ϶ͱŵˣع񣬿ɩô˵ԵĸϽ֣ûû£С£ôɩӵǸϽ
ʲôǸ𣿸ǵǸһñԩñˮΪҵڻԲڴŲԶǸųТˣԷҲӦеڨڨġ
Ŀⱻյò飬俴Ǯ϶һұö֪Т
Ǯ϶ǽ׸ģǮϺĸӣƫƫʵһӶȢϱ
ϴϵʮҲҲǮϺһҳòеʱǮ϶ҲǽǮвƾ˸ڴһŵĹŮűһһŮ˭֪ãӼǰ׳ûˡ
ŵҲûͲʣźֹеŮ
Сֵ֪С˼˵׵ȴٳûţΪԼŮԿΨһҲû˾ͶһأҪ˵ýû⣬Ψһз׸Ըʮ
һʹﳤ绨ҲúܶзֹһϾ͹˴꣬һνھӴȥɿ뽹Ҵĺӱʱû̦˿գպþҪȥɻǮ϶ˡ
Ǯ϶Խһ飬Ǯ϶̤ʵܸɣǮҲӸȢϱһļϣǮ϶ȥ׸ˡ
ʼͷС޹ûȵģǰ֮Ǯҿʼ¶ԣߥǮ϶ͽġ
ýս˵£Ǯ϶ТǮһû취һʼֻ͵͵.ƫ岮ҵãϴԾЩ޲ŸһϣҵĸʼԭŲʡ
ǮҵθҲԽԽ󣬵ԭﲡ֮ʣһһСȢ˳ռҵĲƲ
ʱѾԭСӵˣԭӵڶ쿪ʼȣǰǾôˡ
Ǯɫÿһô˵ģ
ƫƫƶǲþգ̨ף㿴Ҳ˳죬Ȼû¾̫ˣߣŻȥŸɱһֻ㲹塣
ɱһֻɱ˭ҵİԺİɣ֪ģΪլѾĳǮլռͰռԾͳþǲǰҽⲻŮǼ˹ŮʮǮÿá䳰ȷĻǮûƤǮ϶һۡ
Ǯ϶ҲòУǰͰѽ⺢ô㰢˵Ǹ
ͷһɣǰҲûٴ˸պǽˣұǶ죬û˾Ϳǽһصı·ǶüûˣǵˣôһϷСô˵ôֻҪݾ͸ԣǮҺòƴŶ
Ҳ֪˭ҵĶɴɣô˲Ÿպǵ⣬˸պҲǴĥһҿɾĳǮඣϷôݵţ
ַﲻٵֻ׸ľûҽҵҽҵĻŰĸɥİˣɴɡ
⳪һǳɵһરһ٣ǰ˶˵ˣȻعڴСŭ֮˵Ķп̽һ࣬˴һۣϴ½.ȥ
ҲòУϽ½.ȥѵϵı·˳ģȵôһֱ·ǸɸɾģⷿӺüûùͻһѻң⺢Լڶһͷģ·Ӷɸɾģ˵죬ôܣ
Ҵ˶һۣ۵׶⡣
±ӣһȭǮ϶ȥֱӰѽǮ϶ǮǽҴ˿ֲ֣ǮĪǴСģôսҪô۸㿴˭أ
Ǯϰһ⣬ɿﶼԼҲúŪǽҴ壬ɴ󲿷ֶսɴһ޺϶ôôͿ͵㱻͵·ƫƫ޶̫Ͱ¸ˣôôĴ⣬Ҳǣô˵أᡭ
̫̫ݣڣǾ϶ϷģȻֿʼ˦һжƸǮ϶÷޶˵£׸ȥĶӣ̫̫ѹҲֻۣǮ϶ԼãТ˳һж
Ҳ֪Լû֤Ҳ̫̫û취ĿҲǽЩǮҵ˴ӽҸߣǲҼȥ
ôһܡӡͷǳĲҪˣô˾˿ɲС
ᰡ˼ʲôﶼᶼ޹أ֪ĻΪ̫Լġ
ҴҲǮˣȻǰڴ˵Ǯ̫̫¶ǼٵģһһӻˮĶ
ǮϽӲȻûҲ뿪ˣǲӦôҽҰȥˣȻ⼸벻ҼҳԵģҼ˰ֻֻ죬һ⣬һҰζȥƣҪˣĳЩ˳ЩǲǸøǮ׳Կɲ˼Ҹɳġ
Ȼ˵ʲô￴ҩ⼸ǿûҩóҩҩҲаٲʱȥңҳҩҩҲа˵չҩչأأ
һЦΪһ࣬Ķ˺þãе£ȴȦ죬ǮҵôһͻȻͳˣôݣ
Ǯ˵ʲôɻСֲ¶ˣÿֻ˵չˣøҩǶ󰡡
ͽҴ˾һСͷ岮æȥһ㣬ɶǮóȻǮˮΪ˲ΪǮԣβǮӦҲǮҲҪ࣬ʮ
ʮôȥǮûס


3 
ǮϵȺʶ˵ʲôڨڨЦЦǮãʮò
ЦЦаͷȥһ˿أǽΨһжҪ״ǮҳҲﲡ־ҼҼҼţ͵ҪǮһҽң
βǮǮ϶ҲŵˣǮ϶ŭһСС˼ôô㰢㲮ǣôô
һۣ׸ҽңҲǽΨһĵңҽҵ»ֲ˵
Ǯ϶ǲҪǸǣҾ͸㲻ТжӸģ
°ͣҲ㣬ֻǾˣǲ˵ˣһôֲٲֻǵʱ֪Ǯҵ£ԺǮǮǡҲÿˣϾļˣŶ
㣡Ǯ϶ͷһηһϲĶӾȻô˵ǰСװ
ǮϴϱǮϱȴŻˣ˵ɲȥҪӰ켸һӵİ
û뵽СôݣȻơ
ǮҧȶüϲĿ⣬ҧź⣡⣡
Ǯ⼸ڽԴõģʮҩǮһҪʮӡ
һʮʮģǮǿĨ˵ʵûǮˣֻϸʮ
ͽ˵ûҪǼġ
ֲʮЩǮǴӽóȥģ⼸Ǯ϶øͷѼǮǮãﲻ뱡˷֣һֻ۱һֻ
ǮǮҪǾѪծѪˣҪǮ³ЩǷҵģСһ
ﲡţûǮЩǮʱҩȰ˾Ȼ˵
Ҳûȥ棬˵ռС壬ûǼ£û֤ݣȥء
һ˵ӵĴС¶ֵأǻᱻ˵²ϣִ
ʱʹҴԸ⣬ɿǱߵҲ˵ͣȻǲ֮
Խ֮ŪôһĿҲһΪ˰Ǯҵ˸ϳңôҲûʱԳûϢ
ڶǴǮٳǮβ壬ûʱ֮أ׬ǮҲû·
ɢ߬ӵСССģѾ꣬ΪžСܲͷ
侲иɻ⺢ôͻȻˣ
öԲߣȷˣһߣֽһ͵ڵϣ۵һ¿
С޵ĶˣǸӰ
Ϸȫף߿ޱʣΪԼ֮ǰ½ͣأͰΪʲôΪʲôҪôңֻǶõûĺöͻȻˣҺøˡɵȴ˵ûˣ˵ˣء
޵Ļţ.Ͻޣûû°
СĨᣬͷȦģһţҺ¡Ϊˣ˵ҩҲˣٸҸҺ伫ˣΪԼˣ͡ε游أ游˵˺ö໰ôô˵游˵ģȻڸ游˵һǶˣһǮβˡҲˣֻʣһˡ
˵Ϊ˱棬һûˡ
˵ĶŵˣĴ˿ֻдӲɿ
Ҳŵˣ˵ġİɣĸˣϲС
Ϲ˵ڶ˭Ҳ˵࣬û¹ŮӼ޵żҳԿ͸ɴи⡭ǿ˰
ģűǮα
һǸбµģǮϳԿҲܰ쵽
ǮЩɿαƣɽӴ˻ܿ̽һֻû˶죬ʹǮԿģڵʱҲûʲôֻһȥ
̾ϢһԺˣȰѺͻؽңɿ˵˵
ȻĸԺӲù
ʱڰ·ˣۣľľģָֻ֮ǰǸĬеС
ۺӣһ·϶ţʹɫؿڵ·Ƴۡ
ˣȻۣóһֽһҿǺٵļǡ
ǳȥ룬ǰݼڵģÿ³һʮݺ󣬳ʮѼƷָҡ
Ǵ󷿷ֵģֵܼһȥûȺ
ɺӵ׿˺һֽһö棬ãСݹȥˣʲôǡ
ѾܾûôŸǣȻΣȴůůġ
һҶǺˡ
۹ɽӹлȴûԣǰֽķãڻ
ͽһۣ⣬ôԣ
ۣСӣҩ࣬ԡ
ǲҪȥϣﲻţǮ϶ǲ򣬾һȥϣ˶Ҳֱ͵͵ȥǮңСûԹЩģ˵Ǻϡ֮
ɶԽ˵ǷŻܸԡ
ɥӣȻ֪Ҳû˵ǿŮˡ
ͽ˵ʲôζС̾һû˵ġ
ɿʱȥҺͽҲһ򣬽ҾڴͷԶԶƼ
ͽ֣˵ԼؼҾУֻǵҪ鷳ǻʱйһˡ
Ҳûټͣȸ˵һ˵˵
һֱ߳Զͷȥ뿪ɿɿѾûʲôˣҪµأﾲĵġ
שȥһԺӣ޵ĺܺãɼ˴󹦷ֻϧʶһ룬뿪ţԺģѼҶѻǣǱٹ
Ҫ.ȥȴͻȻϤϤ
裬˳Ҵ٣ԺѡԴֵĲ˳ȥשֻԽǿȴֹ
һȥߴô죿
԰ƨ.ɵģ
ǵôôСһһģǣˣǲƣֵɹˣ
ɡ
üƹ䣬ڿǽʲôשǽڴͷһ֮ǰĿյأܴ֮󣬲иѣȴ£Եû˰ѷӽ
ǳ˴ﺢӾۼĵط
ͲʮĺһҲССĺڵϡ
ǺӱֽҲϸʱˡ
죬̧ͷ¶һ˫ۣ׺ݣý뵽ҰѱСӡ
ʱҧһڡ


4 
ֻ׺ݣСǣôĺӸ۸ƷѲ
üСӴܣɴܹܣһ˶ߵĿѾֶֺˡ
СС˼ôݶˣЩ￴ǮǮĶӣ꣬ӵͣǮǮһڴ.аԵ
ѹŵĺֺݣҲģ˭۸˾ͲС
ҪǺȥڽһˣöˣܰץҪģ
һƽʱˣһɢ
ȶԶˣŸϽӽ߳ȥ֮ǰǸӣֻȴһǮǸСקסˣСӻģ۾ͨͨģСȭͷţҪȥǮ
Сһ̫ײУһȭȥǡ
һãϽǰֱӰСӵһ§סСӴ֮ǰ⼸۸ŭˣֱҪҧ
һ§ţһַԵҪȥնԷӣϸӣԼղøնˣԼĸ첲ȥҧǻҧǮ
룬뵽ʲôϽһͳ֮ǰǸǣֱֽһǣͺС
ڱֽһ㣬ôһ̵ζӿŭСͻȻǶһ١
ǮոСһɵˣ˾䣺ɵŸʲôϽһӳɶɶе
СӴͷһγԵסζعͷǮһֽŲˣʱƴҪȥ׷קġ
ʲô궼֪ģǮ㣿ʱֵңǮһǮǮɵó
˵ˣտǮʮӣǮȱǮȱð̹ʱһȭȥ̼ܱǮϸֵòð
һһǮС侲漴Ҳһ£۾Ҳָ
ֻǻͷŽŲӣȻװͰ͵ġ
.ȴյýģ۶ѱ
һۣҿǰ㣬ҸҰǻң
СȴǾѸһ£˼Ҫܡ
£ںһ䣬ףɼҪֲҪ֪ɵĲ
СӻͷֵһۣܿûӰˣҪȥ
ЦЦӣǲ֪˭ҵģСﾹȻȫûӡ
ƻȥŹغãռȥһƫŻ˯Ųʡµ鿴һȻصڵӺãʱǡ
кܿͻʱʲô±˵ˣԽأ֮ǰ˵òſţǮҾԽѲϵ
ֻżͽıڣͷ۲ѣһӣһ޸֮СҪôӣ
ʱҲǰһСԣ̿ˮҪǰ֪һǰˡ
֪ǲԺһʳСһֻ̣ǰͻȻһƬɵģŵһΪִˡ
ȰɢȥɵˣǽңǰС
գգۣһ齹ҵļͽıڣֻˡ
۵ðŹ⣬ֱСִȥˡ
һûסЦˣѵ̫ңԸָռ䣿»ţ
ȷԼİѳˣߵ̨ǰһֱһࡢһ̽Ϻһơơ
ȲҲǲˣȵθ˵ֻǶ˲䣬һȻȵģ
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ȻڴʯذϣʶһУֻҪԭеģôĶԶԭð̹ΪլŻ߲ţϵı䡣
ָڣȡ֮ʳ
ƽСԭ֮ǰ̫ãûҳԱģ˼࣬ͳ˿ռ䡣
վûãͷ
ϽӦһȦһԵĸ˼ˮһ飬˶Ͻܳȥθղų˶
ܳȥ˽⣬һǴһ¹ѵϸˣӦǽΪ˱ӡ
Ǯ϶ǮûƽҲȥˣ˲һһˣҪ˹ȥָ촫ʲô
Ҳ½һС᰾ҩɴʮͭ壬⼸æҩ㷹
ûԣٴţû취ѿռʳó
ȥˣȻûԹҩڵӺãû֮ǣȴþˣһʱ䶼úý
ʱ˵ҩµĲ࣬Ҳ֢¼ҪûãϷؾȥٺ
˳ȥӣˣѾҩȥˣ࣬ҲôͷɻȴҲֻǿҵһ߹޿ʼﾹʲôûʣ
ҩͺ˵Ǯ϶Ҳܿͻ粻ùˡ
Ҳû֣ͭҪȥܾˡ
յӹҲû˵ģֻ뿪󲻾һСףˡ
°ã˿ռ䣬ôСһһ뵹װŻأС¸ԭ
󣬰ѻԲѵһװι˽.ȥٿʼιҩһ꣬Ѿһʱ
СȰѿŻȥԺǽңƽնʰﲡ˺⼸챻ǮҵͲסˡ
ȷ˯ðȣŰãǮȥ
ûƭţǮ϶ȷҪϾһ׸ŮɻȥǮҵҳǮɲģ
һ·ߣͷһ仰˵ܸо˵ߣҲûȴ߹ȥʱʱʱּ̧װ۾
߹ǮҲ˹ֵĻ
鼫ߵǮſڣ̧ͷȴһģΧ˲ˡ
ǮϵθߴԶãҺҼǣô㣿û꣡
üУǮᵽǣ뵽֮ǰӳԵǡ
ǮϺãǿϺţûӡ󣬾˵Ǽǰذ쵽ɿСˣɷ򣬾ͳ˹Ѹ
֮СԭҲǵãΪɿ廹ͦСԭٴΣҲͼˡ
øɿǸŷģǸԻԣͷͦá
ɿʱͻ˺ӣû¾͵һӣûȡֻ÷ֻظĺɿԻƽʱɻϾʱȥԣûţʱڵʵʵҲûֲԾ
û꣬ԻһȥԣȴüղŻأԼشڵģѪϱץѪûɿͶ
Ҳɿͷһμõݣ̫Ϲ˲ŷһǱչ治òһֻҲϹˣſɲ
ĸָɷ򣬾ͼֻûԻÿʼϴ׬ͭ壬ӹú׾ݡ
ΪòƽʱҲΪ˽ӴҲ֪֣ͳóõĽС
ҲǸ֮ǰСƺǳõĶӰظ
ûУʱһѷĹĵŷŭûģԩң
ߣģôܻǳԣǮϸձʮӣ۵úܣûǲʵܣ
ģɷ򣬹¶ĸ۸


5 
㡭СҪۡ
ͷȻСȴʮ㣬ССͻǰ³ñ۸ȥ
ȴסǰĺӣֹû˵Ļʹ۵Ǹɳƣ˵Сʱ˽յѬɤӣԲסǼܾܲôˣ
ûģǱ˸ҳԵġ
˵˵˭˭ô󷽻ǳԣǮϵۣѹţˣСҲ˵ɣ˵ǵȵڡ
ҡȻСǣ죬ҧźͷһƫû˵
ˣͦ
ǲǣڣС֪ǮҹϵãﲡŹԿ
Ǯϵ⣬.۵תţôߣһƣȻû̵ĺӣѻҼһӣôѣ˵С׻˵ĻСʱ͵СʱɾǵǿӣΪ˸ѵҲ˵۸ˣˣ⼸أˡҼҺӵȴˣ¿ɲôˣǸһǡ
Ǯ⻰һ䣬һüһһǣôȥ
ͬõģȴҲǵһȣǮҲ˵ˣӶ֣Щװô񣬾Ժ󱻼ǺʹС
һʱ䣬û˿˵ʲô
Ǯϱ𴩺ƹˤôǾʹȥúƣɿľͲǣӰͲá
һֱŻСͷ顣
С׺ݣɱ죬ùǸû̺úǸõǸɡһġò
ϡ˵һҪһӣ˵ô࣬һûС
дվԺҲǿԵġǮϵЦЦֻҪǩˣʱˣסǸӣɾ͹Ǯˡ
ûһƤ˼ȻңûĺŤžҪȥ
ʱһ𣬴Сӵ¶ףԭһǶҪһǵѽ
һ˶ȥȿǮ϶Ǹӡ
ǮϿǰһڣ뵽³ȥӣͺ޵ɿô꣬ͷһγôƿ
˫ҪСЦӯӯĿ⣬￩һ£֮ǰ󱦶Ƶӿͷһ£ֲԤС
ȻͿݺһɰͰ͵ĺ°ͣ¶һСãզûأһһǣҳҼҰֻֻ죬һ⣬һҰζ찡̫ˣ㣬һʮţҲǰһʮأֻİֻֻһʮֻ
ѾûͿʼ֣ĴָãǡǮɡ˵գСһ죬Ǯǰһһڵġ
زٰҪඣǳûٰǮһ޺ôӦһ֪˭ЦһһﶼЦ
û٣⻹֪˭û٣˼ҹ¶ĸͺ۸
ΪСͷĿȥģܱܲһСӱȥߺȳǮϺҵģǶúãóøһǣҲðͬĻȥȻɾͲ
ǮϺûҲ֮ǰ˵ҪȥŸ״££ˣóηˣ
ǮӣȴҲ˵ʲô
ǮˣȴС߹ȥƵǮǰһͷţǮ
ǮһۣͷӻͷˣҪżȥ
׬Ҳá
ȴŲߣ㼱ɶһҪء
Ǯһţ§ڻ㻹ɶ
˵ֻЦп꣬ɸͷȴ࣬һЦͶһͷ
Ƽˣȷ˸ظĽ˿ǣɹأһҪһģԵոҲˣƭһҪһģ㰡һ˿Ϲˣһģһʮţǧģӡ
˵ͨǣʮǮҶ˵ˣͨǣô͡ôһŻϽһҪһ΢һߣȻ鼱֮¿źһ뱻عǮһס졣
⺢Ӻ˵ʲôǮһһ
ˣ˺ͷ޹ЦԭҲҸİظǲǽ˿ǰô˵ظģ¼治õ˵ǿ𣿡
̬ױˣ۴͵˼ǿ飬±˵ǿģø磬Ϊʲôǲң
ЦһΪǽҵģ۸ظΪŸģ㵹ãССȴԩˣѳԣ⻰ղô˵ţСʱ͵СʱɾǵǿӣԭⲻǣһӳҪġ
ۣ׿ܽˡ
ǮͷƤ飬ʱǮϺڳˣ
Ǯ˵ʲôɻ߹ȥǮϺʼõǸҲС˵ģóǣܲģҲ֪˶ãеģظŤͷ߷ߵġ
ǮϺҲû£񣬡ôҿЦˣһᣬóúͰظίˣ֮ǰļǱǸ⻹ȥļҶ㿴⣿
һֱۣû˵ֻ߹ȥոļóظߵǰͷ.ͷѼл͹Űظˡ
ظſͷŽȦģܿСԴڳûĸܿˡ
ûǮ£ò£¶ĸӲùԺҪڴ
֮ǰôС°ظ۸ظǴȻˣҲûڣҪɿȥֻˡ
ˣظϴ׾ͻһתҲûǮϺɤӣ׸ĵ㻹زؼңԺҲˣ׸ľȻ˦ӣؾͰѵƸʮ
һɤӣѾȥĴŲһ٣ĬĬ˻װû뿪ģȻϷк󳡣
׸Ƹʮ
ǱԼıֱ˺ˣϾǮ϶ϲľǱἰ׸£
ΪĸգΪգ
¶д֣ԡ
ǮϺ겻˵
ֱӼʮ
ŶƸȷʵʮ׺Ǯң˵ʲôֻͬû˶ӣС޸øɴ׸ֻѡ
Ȼʮ
ⲻӣ
ǮҲˣҲǵˣ⻹˲á
ǮϺǽһڣһˣ׵ô᲻أ
ǮѾҪǮϺбȥɪɪһ٣Сżţȥ϶ϳ
ͷ˼ԣѾù࣬ҪҪ˾ͻȥ
Ǯ᲻Ǯ϶ɲͷӡ
Ǯ϶ŲӳЦЦתЦǺǵģ岮ǻͷﲡˣⲻûˣźҵȥԺˣǳԷ
û£Ҳù⼸꿴
ɱ˼ҵ£ǲò졣
СΪε£ı䵹ͦġ
ȥ;УֻʣӶˣǰǮ϶ں
ҪǮ϶϶˦ӣϲҪСûף˵ϲССĽƽƫˡ
Ǯ϶ֻǿ쵽ͷʱԶԶƼ嵶·߹ǽţƼǮ϶˰ŲӣͷŤȥ
ȴǾʱͷۡ


6 
֮ǰǮ϶Ǯ϶Իᵽڴӡ
ڻ
ѵѯ
ܿ˼ȻصңһأͷǮ϶վЦЦĿ⺢ôšô֣
Ǯ϶ƽʱ٣ȥǮҵµأԼҵķġ
ǻСѾ˯ˣȥǮµء
ˣ۳ˣͣǮ϶ʹТ˳
ǮϴǣӹòҪ̫
øɣĸԸӲûǮֻҪ޺һԸѸԼ׶ӵķϣĸҲòģʡʡ˭ֲҪǮĿ
Ǯ϶üɵȥ
첲һ죬סͲչˡ
Ǯ϶ɫãôͲչˣ
ǡ𣿡ϳҹıȢϾӵ¶óʲô
ǡǡǮ϶һƫͷᡣ
᣿ԭ׿ڸ˵ĻǼٵģСģҲ֣ϹҲžΪ׸С˴ĲȢһõﲻ˵ģͷȴ
ҲǮ϶ỳɣһСԭ׵һ㶼죻Ǯ϶ԼŪô꣬ӲҲһ¡
벻ʬ꣬˲˽ỳɡ
ֻﲡŲһͨˡ
Ǯ϶Ȼƿԣҡֻǡ
ҲǲᣬɻģƼһأǮģһʱ䣬ʰɾˣʮƸ񻹻ǲ֪ǰ֪ҪѪ᲻ᡭ
װţǮ϶ͺ𣬶Ŷӵǲųᡣ
˫ֻأŶסţ⼸ûҵķԸҪţһΣҾֹ
֮ǰԿǮ϶㷵ģҪʮ
Ǯ϶ûĹǣǮֻͷɨ㿪ʼɨ
ܳԿ࣬ɻҲ䣬Ҳſԭ򣬿ǰǣ˱豦С
˵ʲôʲôźһߣ
ȥ俴һ.ȥ⿴ۣứţתͷնո˵ġҪ㣿
£һأеڡ
߹ȥ.ĶͷˣһգǡûǸƵŮӣ̫ƾǺۣ˭ͷϲһš
Լ򡭡
ҲûΪ˴̼Ÿǰͬ
ֲܷܿԾ
ۣڿߣѷ˵һ飬мֻС¡
˵꣬Ҫôûһûˡ
̾ȥҩι࣬պڣԺӶʰɾҲŪá
Ǯ϶վǣ֣һˣ㿴㰢Ǳߵһûˣȥһ𣿡
Ҳû߹ѣʮ
Ǯ϶ʱû
֮ΪʡǮô͵ƣͨͨģûǮ϶ҩʱѾӿռʳԱ
ڱűӴ˵̣Ǯ϶˯ĶŲܡ
ҹѣԼ˱ѹֿƵʣϡ
ûֱۣڿϡ
Ӧ±ӣģס
һУ΢ĹѹֵĴʡ
˺ܾãۣԼͨѾˣֻ飬ҩҲز֡
֪˶ãͿ߳ȥûã䴫ܵ͵ܿûˡ
ҹﾲúܣûٻӦ²
ô˯ˣŵġ
ۣͷѾ·ţͿæµתͷϸˣ緹ܿˡ
ûֻͷһȦʱһ£Ǯ϶Ͱˮ
üûȥϴ
緹ѾʢãԱ߹ҩСĿһۣ뿪ʼɿ
ҩһҲʼԷͷβûǮ϶
Ǯ϶нͷûҿĸԼȥͷ˰࣬һߺ༸£Ͷﲻ
ֱĸ꣬ſڣȥǡ
ҩ룬ԷǸպã˳ǰѺǩˡ
Ǯ϶͵վҡȥˮ
ˮѾˣӺĿһֱûɡǰûᣬ̫࣬񡭡
Ǯ϶Ҳȥʮųͷũȥ˺Ժ
̧ۿ￴ֵͷ.ͷ˵ʲôû˵
죬û¶ˣÿ춼Ǯ϶ָв
ҩ׺ˣŽʮ˺ܶණȥл˽ңлھӽַ
ȴҲûᣬ޴ͷܴβͣĺʲôġ
Ǻͺˡ
۲ȴòû䣬⼸ȴǮ϶ȥǮҡ
˽Էģͨһ
˽Ǯ϶Ҳ˽Ǯˡ
ǰúùӣԲԵֻһںֱ֮Ǯ˾ȻҪ
ΨһĵߣѾ˾ֻǻûֵһ̡
Ǯ϶һֱǮҵĿǮ϶ţڿҲǮ̹⼸գǮ϶
Ǯһ㡣
Ȼʮ죬ǮǮϴˣ˵Ǯϲˡ
Ǯ϶⼸հѺĿŪɾƽһȦʣϳԵ٣һȦ
ǮϴʱԺҲֻǵͷǮ϶һϲ˳ͷ͸˴ȥˡ
ǮϴԹֿտգҲû˵ʲô
뿴Ǯ϶Ҳһֱǰ¶ڣɴװɿϡ
ʱ
Ȧ죬ߣŲۣͻȻ쿪ֱ۱˽һ£Բס㡣
ΪԵͺӡ
˭֪Щ̰ᣬֻôߡ
ûֻҡҡͷ
ž˸Ƶĺӣĸۣ⼸һֱجΣμûˣ¼ˣҲ˾㰢˽֪Ǵι޷ٵõǻȰ롣ֻǺﲻģǮѣ֪
Ȼµһû뵽ô죬ĶˣͷȦҲģӲôһƫ岮õĵʲôӶ㡣սԶǽˡ
ﱧŽ֮ĸʼ˺ǰ׼
Ǯ϶ϻģһ겻ӡ
ĸղ
ʰ׵˯ź󣬲ŻԼ
Ǯ϶һֱͷǰҹķִ˨
Ǯ϶ߵţҽ.ȥ
ûᡣ
Ǯ϶ƶ᣺Ƿޣƾʲôҽ
ЦһȥһǮǵˣߵſڣ㻹ǵǷޣΪ˷ôģҲô
Ǯ϶ЩǡǻΪΪ㡭
ΪʲôΪǮϺ˵˵ˣⱲ㶼Ȼ׸ҽңԺֻҽҵˣǮ๤̼Ǯ϶ǽͷݣҷϡ
ȻһǮҳǮ϶̲סˣ֮ǰ˵õģ͵ʹˣΪӵġ
ֵأ
ǡС׳ʵǮ϶Ҳﲻ̫ԣﲻƭ㿪ţǺú̸̸
İɣԺʵʵڽҡ
Ǯ϶뵽˵ģɫҲÿĲ޾飿
û˽ʮķޣôôֵԭǱ˵ˣȴ᲻ƯƲ
֪Ǻʱ˵Ļһ飬֪ĸ㣬˵˵ѡ
Ǯ϶ôȰû죬߳ŭҧҧ뿪˽ҡ
Ŷںڰɺá


7 ݷ
绹аʱʱǮ϶ϴһӣнǮϡý˵˲ء
࿴ǮҲû뵽ţġֵҼвôõ£
ýǼ嶼ģǮϺ⻰˵ģĻһʱŮû˵˵ɼסҲࡣ
Ǯð⣺æָýһǮ³֮ٲĺô
⵷Ǯ϶һ£ý˾нЦЦ
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ʲʲôҪ̳С̳СǮֶˣ֮ǰΪ˵ͨǮ϶˵һ仨ԽԽ
޲̾ǹѸ
Ǯ϶Ҳˣ֣
ýЦȻŮҲȱݵģ࡭Լϵе㲻̫⣬˵ãǵȼˣɲ
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βѣֻﵽҪȿˮǸûһǮ϶ࡢˡң
Ȼ׸
ҲҲǣɴͷˮ
ǽСӺĻƿһֱ⿴λ׶ʱһҲǮ϶ķӦûЦ
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϶ʧѣ˵ʧѾǿζӳ¡
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⻰Ǯ϶ͷƤըˣ֨һš
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һѾԣѡúÿĸһº࣬ԣĶ˵аɣڶ˰ɣƢ̫ãе㱩ż̲סᶯ֡
Ǯ϶̧ͷԽԽ⡣
Ǯ϶ֱ׵ĿŵȥŮĻ֣
ǮҲŵˣһŮܴùеģ涯֣ǲʹ£Ҳû
ʱýˡ
ý˿ڣȻǺˣⲻһ˵һǰ˵ã׸ƸǶ
һǮ϶ʱʲô¶¶⡢˵ġǼҲҲΪЩ֮ǰϱǸõģš
ЦЦϲģȻǾÿԣ˵˵ҵţԺ˹ȥһΣһҲšȻڣһһݺ񵽹󸮡
ǮϸüһüЦտȻȻ
Ǯ϶ȴִ͵͵˳Ǯϵ䣬Ǯһѻӿõ˼ңȻ׸һΣ׸һʲô
ǿǶ׻ӣ
Ǯֱİû⣬ýҲЦˣ˵֮ǰǴģ˾Իͬ⡣
һβҲǣ
ˣǸӣʱҼȥףϣʱѾ롣
Ǯ϶ǺˣŮ̫̫Ҫˣǲŵһμ棬Ȼͺô.ܡ
Ǯµûˣ޲̾ȥףûû⡣
ǽҲĿɿڴüһͳƽˣǮϿҲ϶˵ᶯ֣¾Բһ㡣
뵽֮ǰ˵ķӦǮȻ׸ϣѱĶ
ƫƫҪܵȥҸ׸ɣ
һôġ
ȴͬǮ϶һԸһԸ˼ǰ˵װףԸ.ȥǾпӣǮΪ˶Ҳ
Ǯ϶ТģҲ޷
СŻȥˣϵӣȻʹľȻʱ뵽ˣɿǸоһϾʮĸ飬Ȧ졣
ĽϱŽֻͷһֱˮ硢֪Ͳ̰ڲˮˡ
Ǯ϶ﻹûɣ
ϸ˵Ҫ׸ɽҴҲһҲ̫𣬼ʵ󣬿ǰ
һģЦЦͷӰ֤Ҫݷ򣡡
ϱһϽ֣ͷͷⶼӦõģҲ࣬ôǮȺ⣬ģӿ϶ֻݷˣ
ȰͲȰ룬Ժڡ
ˣֻһƱλ׳ԺֻӶɡĸţСʶĶ֣ʵ
ֻǰи飬ԸԿڡԸˡ
ȻûһŽ߳ȥϲЦտڵ


8 
Ǯ϶û뵽⣬һ
ɫ÷ĿֱǮ϶ҪûǴǻǷްɣ׸Ҽңûûݷ࿴˼ңѰһ׸ƽʱ̫˵ǮҲ׸ζʲô̫
ݵ˾Ͷ࣬ϻЩӣһĻһֺ֧Ĳݣ̼侲
ˢˢͷʼͷȲ裬̫Ϸص㡣
Ǯ϶ٿǮϣô
ǮҲ죬ӵתתһѾĿһëεĲӣǮһӣ㲻Т˳в̫ʵ³ԿѰһôˣ
ҲⲻҪһҵģ
ֲȢŵϱҲͰˣ׸ҪվŮҵˣҪТ˳зĸǽʲô׸
˫ֻأһϷ˵ã֮ǰһô׸Ҳܡңһոңڶҿɲ׸ĸĸҾѰˡ
Ǯһˣᣬҡ
вûסЦϣ⻹ûôţԼȴԼҪ˵һζӾ˵ҪǮҪôȫ£
Ǯ϶һǵͨ죬űͷ͵ؿڣȻҪġ
ǮżѼӷˣŭһۣ·ܼǣôû
⡢⡭ǼҶɾҪˣ
ô֪£һֱǮ϶ʧ͸ĥôϹǸиĶɣ
ϱҲվǮɣǿɶͽסţҪǺ룬Ҽͷôû飿ôûøĻƭҲҪ֤ݡ־ãǵȥʣ
Ǯ϶һҪȥüˣη˵ûµģôģ
ǮûϢһĺ󱳣Ǽҵ¸ûϵȺ˾ûϵˣ
룿Ҫݷ򡣡ֱѰչĵСҪ˱īֽ⣬ֱдһ顣
ͺ̽ͷȥޣСһСд濡ôҲԸ׸ҪƸ񣡡
˵ĲԼʮֻǳÿ׸ͷҲһƾ̰ͼòᵽʮƸ
Ѿдô˴ֱ߹ȥϡ
Ǯ϶ʶ֣ƹʱҲˣɴ顣
ǮϰסĶӵǮ϶ɲõˣСŪʮѾûǮˣҪȥѧãҲҪȢޣûӲС
ʮǰ϶ͱٷһҲǲС
Ǯǰ滹ãѾˣݷûֻǵ󡭡
ʲô黹ƸʮƾʲôⶼʮˣҼҶɸ㽹ҵţʮ꣬ƾʲô
ƾЩΪ׸ʵûղ˵ЩҵţչСҺ٣ǮҲù٣ǲǾȥô֤ǮҵĻ˶ֿοû룬һ׸ģǲȢǮΥȣǵԼҲϡȻϣƽʮƸɾ˵ȥô֤ǾȥôϡﱧĽֻŲڵ϶ˣôãΪĻģ˭ֻ֪Ǿۡ
Ǯ.Ǯ϶һ£Ǯ϶÷޼˵¡
ǿʮ
Ĳ飿ѾûǮƸ񡭡Ǯ϶һɣ¿˿ڡ
Ǿȥá
ҲǮҪ˼˻ȥ
ϿϷ꣬ʱ˿ڣôûǮϾҪңƸǸġ
Ǯ۾һҿûơ
ϼڣȻƸǸո˵õģҾԻóҲû⣬ǣǰĻǾǩֱ׸ҲӭףպλСҲڣȥø˻ֱңգԺҲ͸Ǯ޹أҪǴӦ˶٣ͳһƱóʮģһģǸϽġ
ﱧڻС§ﲱӣʱ࿴һۡ
ǮֱһƱֱۣѣ֮뵽Ҫһţ۵⡣
ҹζôһ⣬һҧô˵ˡɣӡ
Ǯ϶ȴɣ롣
֮ǰĴ룬ɸ룬ǮҵˣǮҵģҲǮҵġ
οδ֪ңǿֻŵģҲĶи飬ЩȴûǮҪ
ǮϿ޺һТӣõ˼ңôͲ֪ж¹׶ûˣҪһ˰
ǮһһǮ϶ſùĶһţȥ
ʺӡ棬Ǯ϶֪Ϊͷӿһɿֻţ㷳￴ȥ
ȴҲûѾʧˣͷβĶûϣûںϡ
֮ǰѾд֣ʱӡһʽݣһݣǮһݣݵ½š
ǮϾҪȥƱʱȴٴдһݶݹȥһ˳Ҳӡ
ǮҲ֪ʲôƹĴչȥһϺǣ飡
Ǯ϶ɫһ䣬㡭ﻳĽü
ޱ鿴ѹõ͵͵ģôܶ¶ףսԺҲֻҽҵˣϲк𣿻ǣñ˶֪ǮҸɵĺ£
Ǯ϶һ⡢ᡭ
ȴǮ϶ѹ͵ҲˣҲµѣ䣬飬ڣôңģ
Ǯ϶˶Ƥûûе¡
ϳƳۣǾǩ
Ǯ϶ԴǾƢûᶯһϵ۾±򣬸Ͻӡ׺ͽеĹϵ
֮׵Ķ࣬ʮһȺֱȥá
ȥʱպûˣ˼һеĻͬһ
һңǳ˳飬ͬ鿴Ǯ϶Ϳһʦүһȷû⣬ֱӸ˻ǮвǨңֱӸΪвơ
Ǯ죬û뵽ĻҪϣǰҲûøġ
￴˿̵˼ǽҺƱۣǮҲжСԭǮ϶ŶԣвƣֻҲˡ
˻ǿɲֱˣ
ΪʦүҪ¼ʱһ˺һԡ䣬վţΪͷС͵͵ŴãﶼǺ档
طҲªֻǼͷȥʱҴҵĽŲſڴ⿴ȥŵξ벻ԶƼѹһá
˵ѹţʵǰ̧ţűϸȽŲãСߵȫ׵ͷģȵ˴ãۼһϥأˣ°˴
壬ϸü


9 ϲ
ףˣǸ֮ǰ׮йԼѾʧٵɵϡ
ϸ˴űŵΡΡ
ʱſֽŲز.֪ŵûԭˡ
͹ڽǰӽǶֹܿ˫֣˫Ҳڶһ˫С.Ǳŵá
ΪϵûСȶǣھʱΪӦȫڶ˵£ֻֽŷǲ
רעһĻʱʦүѼ¼õϣȷ󣬺ý뿪
˼ٵη壬ҶҴߡ
Ǯϸһ˫Сܵ÷ɿ죬һʮǵҲδǮŶԣвơ
в뺰ˣԼѾûӰˡ
վǣãȻ޴롣
ûţӺܴ󣬲ϲۣߣ
вӣϽͷϣֻ˼ûסͷ۽
￴ҲͬһߵһЩ
вƺܿջߣСŸϡ
Ϊߵſڼͷպ۵ĻˣŲ飬·ʱϸպþ·ĴӣҲӴߣ뿪ûûεˣɣĶɲǰʧ٣÷֮ǰýǰֻǻƼһھˡǰ״ƼıӣΪ֤ݲ㲻֮䲻ʮǰڴһѲ˵ǰһգʬ֤߱һܿܣһѲ˵
üҲ˵ôֻҵôһλˣ
ۣˣʱǰӴϵȷϡΪûϺԼӲŲ˵һڻҲпܵġ
ſﾲţͻȻһһ̫̫
ôɣǰֽ̫̫û⣬ֽ·֮ǰѾˣ״Ӷᶶôõ˵
οһ浱ɱ˸ɱһ
ﱧѾ⣬漴õĴŹϣʲôҲ
üſڵʯʨӣͻȻʲô
ڻ֮ǰڴ׮¸ڽӵʱڴȢף̧ƿȴһúܲҵʬ塣
ʱۣѵⶼ˰ˡ컹ûҵ֣
ոϸ˵ģģ۹һԲȻѾ޿
֪ȴֱֲ׿ڣŤͷ˵ģɴᴥһļͷСѧСԭӣڣԼߡ
Ȱ˼Сִֻܷ£ǣʱСŲŤͷȥˡ
ˣֻǸŽϱӣ⺢ˣҪȻأôãȻͷȥҿǡ
ݷףҪȥһ˽ңϽնˣЩȥ
ϱȻûοＸ䣬ŴҴ뿪
ߺŽСߵ˵Сýѡһ
ѡһӵġ
˵Ĺ򣬽һֱں󷽵ſڣƵһʱŵĴٴδ򿪣һͶʮ߰ģ˱һӴҴҳɫŴģǸո˳һܡ
׷㡭αԣҲû˵ŰֻʱѺҵµ˻֤ٷˣʶԼ˵ʲôϽѹȰ
ӿʲôʱǻɸʧٵѲϵɳ֣ǡʲôû֤ݣ֮ǰϲϵ˿ڣһ䣬һӲеģϸֽŲ.·Ҫ˷ôɱˣǻɣǹٸҲ£һѾˣƼ˲ſɣҪȥ飬ң
˲Ӿˡ
ΣֻܴҴһ档
˵ıӰ˼ǽϣ˹ȻۣҪôǻͷҪôǹġ
ȴںߣԷܿȽǲȻǸ۲ϸ΢ģϾʱǿĽôʱԷͿƫƫֹȻڴ˵ɻƼҡ
Ѿ̷潻ͷӶᵽ˻ƼңҲߵҡ
òܣһŭ֮˵˵
ͷãȻۣλŶʲôѽ
ѯֻĴ忴һȦſСܲͷ̲סЦˣ˵λСʲô
ЦЦ糤úÿȴװͰ͵ģô
ҲûʣλǲصŶǲؾôһλƽʱæýŲմأܸġ
лܿעתϣЦҡҡͷԱߵ˽ͷӶ
ӹˣǮǣŽԱߣʱһЩͷ񣬻˰ǣûֹ֮ǰʮҪǲҲԲ
Ժ׬Ǯŵ٣ռȡ֮Ķƣֻ뵽ôó֮ǰʱ
öΪأʡǮ߻ȥƽһţһ·ϻɿ塣
ﱧţŲûԣҲֻ˵ÿá
һǣӹȴһЦģҲԡ
֮ǰǿ鱾ҪԣСӣ鲹
ﲻãѾˣҲ³£ֻͷû˵ʲô°һ
νˣֻߵһʱͿǰǸǿһǰͷҡҡλεġ
ţʱϳϴүҲ࿴ۣչȥλһ¾ˤڵأˤȥʱαӡ
Ǹˣ̫Ҳֻɵˣôһϴүͣ
ϴүͷһҲŵϽסţСܹȥһüһСզˣ
³ﻹˣﲻ㿿Сȶŵŵܹȥ￴ϴүУλôˣ
ϴүǶεġ
Ұ׵촽ѪɫǶεġ
룬ܻȥǡ
ҪҲû˳ҲһЩүû°ɣ
ϴүǶ࿴ͽһۣǶԺĵĸӣϡﶼãҲ˳£Ͻ鶼ι˽.ȥ
պֻûоԵ̻ʾ׽ų˵ۣǰһлһûعǶȸպÿԶǡôˣ
ϴүɿСӣˣҿСƸҪúøмǣ
ˡȷæ˳ԷΪҵʧٵɽջûԹмҪлȴһʱ
˵ݹȥ㻹⻹Ŷ
ƫͷſм.ͷϴүлѾ˵һԣӶԷ
ϴү˰κ࣬ߣϴүˣûڡ
ǻزӣҲ֪Щ£Ӵһ𣿡
һ뿴ϴү
ϴүźЦЦСҪǲ⣬Աߣܶһˡ
ЦЦǾһ̰ɡʱûʲôˣһ˳£ҲھΡ
ʱţٴ̣ΪԼ޺мݣȲѣȴûͬ˵
ϴүͽ˵ö࣬ϴүȻвסģͲʮ˴ѯһ飬Ҳ֪λҲأΪֱŤﵱ
үүǰҲȥɿڵ滨壬ĿǳԾϯ
һ㶣ȥ鰸ѵ˵©ˣ
ϴүһ滨£ǰʱǸ滨壿˭ϲ£Ͳմ˻


10 Υ
ЦЦϻָѪɫȻңΰϲ»ǳǼңһ챾ѡĺӣ¡ҾûɴƸһλ¸ȢųϲΪ֮ǰʱ£ԸɴѾڰ
ϴүⲻǺлϵģ
ⲻҾüȻӻǳѪ֣֮ɴఴշ
ȴ۾һΪҪһˣȻȢ¸Ŀ϶Щˣûѯһµʱһ龰ԭģ⣬ҲһЩϸܱ¼
ͫʷ⣬ҧҧǺƤС֪ˣӲͷƤڴڣԾϯ磬ǲкܶóԵѽܸһȥ𣿡
һֹҲһ㶣ɫһ죬ϽѽǸԲסСЦģĪ档
˵죬ºӳҲԸȥ
ƽʱȻῪڣƫƫ֮ǰۿϲΡΡ飬ͷβһ仰Ҳû˵ȻѾϣ
ʧôҲ֪׶༪٣Ǻܿܣȥϻһ˽ԼҲ˵
֪ԼҪ֣ʱӴ۲ǸĸģΪ˲鰸ʳҲ㰲ȫ
ֻӲͷƤ۰ͰͷСֲ᲻ؾһǣȦģһûȥԹϯĲܸŴȥ𣿡
ƽڼ̫æǮ϶ֱϲŻչ˲ͺСԭţοԾϯ
ƽʱҲǮ϶ͣһ⵽˼ɡ
ˣǰ̫ŹӣҪһȴί˺ӡ
죬ȻԥֻȻġ
Ÿӣ鷳Ҫȥ£´źӲ㡣ʱСĺӣûȥԹϲ磿
˵ϯ٣ȴҲѵãΣҲҪȼ£ꡣ
ĲСȻۺӣȴֹ˼źӰΣ
Ѹոõ˵»ˣӻһݵǰλˣȷʵεְ飬ſţӼȻȥҲֻȥμӾϯҲ޷
˵ߵݹȥ뵽ʲôһҪһͷң˿ʶ֣Ҫǲʶĳһ⻹õĹߣɡ
δ䣬ﴹ۽˹ᣬūʶ֡ᣬȴỺź
һ㶣ҲҶ࿴ͷŤûʡ
￴꣬ȷȷְ飬ӡ£ġ
˵˵Լɵƾһſȷʵģ¹ֻСĽ
СĵݻȥӺֻ֣ףūƽʱæΡͷġ˵ţѡһݾµĵģǸҵ»ĪҪƴǡ
ܾȴҲµСǲպǣɴ£ѯһַŵ˲·ڣһ³ӣ˽ţ
ӻ֣ģʱ·Լȥأο϶ң֮ǰ϶
Žǲģһ˼Ҳţ뵽ȻҰھϯǽҲȥʱ򿴵Ҳշһ
ŷģĿŽ滨ȥֱţ뿪
Ŷһ
ҲһЩԾϯǼ٣Ѱһ棬
Щȴֲܸһ˵һѽǣסһɿҪ˾͸˵ٱߡ
ʹӦţСߣ֮ǰĲ²ǶԵģһ߻ϳһ컨··ڣһͨɿ壬һ滨壬Ҳ滨Ψһڡ
߸߱ߺܣѾ˽ʮգ֮ǰû鵽ڸѡ
֪飬ո磬֮ǰмŶ
Ӧģң
ãҸȥĻʱˣոһ峳úףҾע⵽ˡ
ôһξܼǵңһ˺ü䣬ͻȻͣ°˼
ͷעߣӦҲ֮ǰǸϸĵط
֮ǰõĶԻһ·ֻϸҹߣ˵Լʹ̫ܣΪΨһӴߵģֻʱѺ
ȻŲ飬Ϊʡ¾Ҫӹؼ
ϸ֣ռʱӦǻŵģ򿴵Ǿʬ壬;ֺԣ߾ڼϸ֮¡
˿ͣµĵطӦþϸ˼ߵĵص㣬ڣո磬һһţÿô˵ǹѺ˵ĵط˴𣿡
û뵽⺢ӼôãҲû룬룬.ȻǣǺˣֻǰΪĳЩԭֻʱȥܱܿųˡ
żᶨһҵ֮ǰûע⵽
Ҳصͷ¶ͻȻһ֪ˣǲ游˵ֻĺԩˣòҵġ
ף游˵ЩѽǺˡ
һڽͦСţ游ˣɿͽҴķأ游ţˣһ˵Ϊ游ŻôС֪ô࣬ҲͲỳɡ
Ȼһ㶣ķӣţĪ游ǽиӽн
ףոʶҾ˾˰û뵽㡣
ɫЩϧ¥游;˾˶Ǻˣֻϧ
ۣ֪δĻֻϧǸˡ
֪游ǽţȻ٣뵽֮ǰСҲԵˣ̾Ϣһ֪Ϊʲôԩ
䣬ţǰ游ڵʱÿҽ£˵ɡûˡ
ͦۺӣ룬Ϊ⺢ҲʶĶ֣Ǿ֪Ķ٣˵ҲǿˡʱûɷһֱعѣҲûļޣԴɡһǰȴͻȻʧȥټʧٵʱպһ㶨׺ӣΪ÷Ҫ׵ģʧǰҲȥҹ㣬ž;ӵʧٸλйءԾȥҹΣֻϧ˳űѰӣֻȥţϧһֱûҵ
˵Լ˵̫½ͷźƶǶȴûϵĿ⣬ЦЦǾ͵Լ˳һĹ˵ˡ
ֱλɻϻΣû취һֱˣֻΣʱ׵˵ʱž¡λ˱ܿǵţΪԶû˵ʲôˣ׵˻صԷֽѾϣֻкĿΪǴߴټߣͰѻһ·̧ҡȽŴ򿪣ˡ
ʱڿڣôµģʲô£
֪ҪҪ˵ˣŵӣͻȻۣѵǸ˵ӣ˵úòҶѪ棬˵ģ
ǻ׺òҶѪк⣬ֺȻֵĺʵ¶ģɿǰΪʱһ·ûΣͷһ˰Ѳ˵ΪΨһҲ͡ץ
֮ǰѯʹֻǱϣѰұģôһֱѰǾֻܼϣ֮ǰһĻ
ͷü֣Ų֣Ҫô׵˵ѣҪôǡ־Щһ
ɶԷôô˵治.ȥӾɱ˵ģ
˵ֿ϶߻УҲ𶯾ɾôģô쵽ģ
ֵĵطһ߼ȻһѪΣѵһ·ϾûѪζ
ڶŷֿ˻Ϊβǿ˿۽ţ
֮ǰΪλûмлһû


11 
ŽߵʱͣһĵطһȦ·һ⣬ʲôûУͺͺģʱ׵˾ڲԶ϶û򵱳ͷˡ
ͷ۲ѣһȦûʲôֻ֣ܼһ·ŵʱǰɵʱ·ǶˣûһѪϡ档
ô쵽ģ
ôţͷΪˣɴһξ͵ˣġ
ȴſڳ˼ǰ·ʱ׵ô࣬ѪζôŨô˶ûŵԲܣǣʱﻹš
ɼȻţʱ뿪ȴδѡָš
ǡ
ͻȻ뵽ʲô͵ϣſͷ⶯һôˣ
ȥûʲôſŲ뻻ơ
ЦЦЦַſ쵽滨壬⻹ûҵκѵһְˣ
ֻٴӵʱ׵ĽηʣҲܵõҲ˵
ҲҪôԼ֪ĸ
ڴ֮ǰҪȷһ£ո磬ְӲǸŸͷ𣿼ȻƲ𣿡
ǵʱλ˵ģǵʱҲǲ嵽û𣬰ѽӷе뿪ΪԽֻǵתʱ£뿪ǻǷµġûвԾƿƺǴ⣬ҲûΪǸСͺŪشĺ
Ȼµֿԣ漴룬ⶫᣬۣ㰡ո磬滨ǲǺö滨ſ쿪أʼᵽһζˡ
Ҳߣȷǣ쿪ˣѾǶ䡣
ſϣָ滨أѪǳģ֮ǰҵָͷʯӻһСӣֻôһѪˣѪζɳˣﻹ˵Ҹоܶǣþòûŵٳ˺üڷء
ЦЦѪǳеζζ̫ţýôһŲġ
ЦȴͻȻһȵȣһѪŲɵʱ϶մѪ׵ĶôˣʱȻ֣ζȴ϶޷ӣû֣ǾǴûŵѪζҲ˵ֱ滨廹û
Լͨŵϴˡȵȣ滨û𣬴ɱߵļʲ󣬿ΪʲôҪȻν˴ɱˣ
Ϊʲôأоֵô쵽ôǰɱߣ
ʱļС˼£ͷΪˣôˣˣ
ſûСèһ£Ȼǳˡ
ЦЦСӣ۵ò˵ˣǸղ˵˵ˡ
ôһЦɴֱԴϲ˲䣬ǲ˼
ֻһֱû˵Ҳû£УſЩż߱߹۲û֮ǰûע⵽ģߵһ룬СС
Ϊˣ֮ǰʱ׼ļǰһݹȥ
СȻӹ
ɿҪǷŻȥС̰˼ԣֻǷŵһ룬ĶͻȻһ㶣Ӹոտʼ˵һֱֻȴ˼
Ϊ龰ֻֿܡΪϤСÿҲ֪ǡϤأǿھûˣߣʱض²Ҳܴ˼ǾͲس
Ϊʲôأǣ
뵽֮ǰûŵκѪζͻȻͣ²ӣĲ֪֮ǰһֱﲻԵĵĶˣ̫ˣ
ûסָһǣҵСǣ
ҿδˣҪС۵ÿ죬벻һֱӵĹؼ㣡
ĬĬӹһڳˣЦЦûڣװۣץѵĵˣȻʣµҲܷ֡
ϾͨؼضΡ
ͨһУ񣬽ų̼ӿ죬Ȼ߲·ҲûҪﵢ飬滨ͣ£վû.ȥڵȣһ¸Ļι
Ϊʡͬһýˣ¸Ҹ֮⣬ӽηýŶͬһ
ؿһ̧¸ĳ֮ǰ֡
ſͷװ˯Ѿ֪ؼûҳ֮ǰҪиһȻְҲģνҲʱȻҲߣ˯ˣҲͲ㱧ߡ
ȻĻιģֱߵǰ΢ЦɣǽҴҴһشӣͲ鷳ˡ
ûɽݣϾ尤Ŵ壬˴˶ʶͷ˯ĺӣģҶҪԾƣ¸Ļιһſ˯ɣԺԾʱٽҲá
һɿſͷ΢۾˯СǾֻһҪȥһңǾϯˡ
߽ûã뼪ʱаʱˣ̴񣬽Ҳʱ
ѣʱ˲ѶǷŵר־Żο
Ϊ׵ġģýŷӡ¸ˣ̧֮Żεĸη򣬺̧ױģʱĿ
Ϊһʱ䣬Щ̧ױȱųΪЩ˵Ȼ̧ſڣһֱżױ±˸ߣ῿ӡ
ǰͷˣȽӵˣᱻĺΧסýţȥɹٳڼڽԵģĸη򣬾ˡ
֮ǰϳʱһΨһͬ˾Լ̧ױˡ
ſϣβ滨һ·滨̧
һ·ϴ򣬺ֵĺȥڼûͣ£Ҳȫûʱ䶯֡
ʹֵʱ䣬ֻǿֵĺΧĸģǸýȥﺰɹٳ߽ŵʱ䣬Ϊȫ̿ɹٷӦ˶ûע⻹û¶ӡ
ʱŻεģĸηˡ
̧ױˣ̧һ·ʵ̫ۣܶҸյţȼʱ
˺ĸηɨô̵Ĺֵôܿ˵ɱ˻ת޻ϣ
ĸηȻżȴδ뿪һҲѪս
Ȼܲµ֮һ֣ȴ֪ζֵģҲһ㣬ʹ֪Ҳû취
ԷʸڷϵĻôãͶˡ
ͷüͷɨһɣһ£󱳻קһǡ
ͷǲˣҪҪЩСȥ棿
ҡͷҸո磬Ҳߡ
ЦЦ£˵С·ͿСͷҧָԶĸηСüͷýģôˣôСͰ͵ġ
Сָһη򣬡Ŷ˵η۵ģǿλѥӾȻŶƲӲӵģǽ߰ɣ
˳ſȥȴЦˣĶʲôߣǲͨĻ˿ߣֻˣġ
ͽߵĹغͨߵ𣬿뵽ʲôȴһ١
԰η̧ױĿĶֻܹԱҪߺܶ·ЬЬһ˫ӣԸƫüǮ˵ĲЬ
ԽǱԽֱӻ˵ģɾոѣληȻԶԶҲǻ˵ģȴ˻ɫߣ٣ǮҲϺü
ۣܾҪ뵽Ǹ㣬ȴͲһ


12 ̽
ýͻȻԺﺰɹҪඣ׼ϲͭ壬׼š
ʱóĴͭ˺ߵͭǮһݸη
ηϰߣǰһΧסӹ
ʱǶȣֻܿηһǸպñסֻ¶ͷ
ŵĸηպþվڽһߵĴĿһ¡
֪ô±ɱˡ
ԭ־Ȼ˵˸ֵģͬ
һ죬һϣϳҪ˵Ǿ̱Ūԡ
ʱͻȻ϶˻סһûע⵽һߣһ۵˲δ˵󷽣ǶǣΪģҲû˻ע⵽
Ȼע⵽һ˴ۣͻҸڡʵϣ˱Ͳ죬ǲסҲûºٱһ˴˵һֱţҲ;õȷ
ʱǸ˽Żһߵڵϱйʱȷɿѽ£ͬʱڴŸͷĻûӦǰ͵͵մҩӴӻδȥѻŪΣ֮ӸµĽһƿһΣݻϡ
ϲûôϣȻСʱڣƼҰߺҲֻ˽͵͵ʶϵģȴδô˵
ʱνڵϲδֻӰ˵ʲôȻǻϡ
ûеõ֪ģֻ뿪֮һ˴ߴٴҸϽƣȵ˽ǰװѯһ洫ߵٽ˵Ǹˡ
Ƚη׼ȥ̧ʱĸηƹȥһ£Ǹ͵͵ûӻγ
Ϊ֮ǰ죬̧ҲģȻû˻ɣһ·滨塣
ֱȵɹٳעڣ˷Ǯߵһ߷Ǯٷĸηģߵܿ泯ǽһߴʱöŵƬ쵽棬ֱӰͻһ
ǻԵĲִֻᷴҪ죬ȻҲᱻ֡
ôܲմѪΪϲΣԽǺģηΪϲ죬ͳһǴɫǰиĳᣬ˴ºܳĺӡ
ֻҪܳĺӰ֣õƬٶȿһ㣬ѪʹһЩںϣֻҪ΢һ壬׿
ʱ˺Ѫ˲ǰʱһ˽ȥûηʱǰȷٳմһѪҲܽ͡
Ϊηȫûϵѹûɹ
ֻˣܽΪʲôôֵ㣬ΪʲôһȴûŵѪζΪʱƿ̫̣Ǹ˶ɹٳٵɹٽŵһƿһĻ˶ɵˣʱʬ嶼ȵģֻǵ۵õϢϵˡ
ûУΪˡ
ʱ˵ĲҲܽΪʲôֻǿ˿۽šҲûɣΪ˵ȴ֪ǻϡ
ҧ֪ԼµòƼҲϽӴϣ»˵ʲôһݣ֪˲˵ɴⳡ޻
˵ڵģԸһŮҲҪֹϼ˵ʲô˲õĻ¡ʧٵйء
Ѿ
أȻ֪˭ˣô⼸ﻹҪȥú룬Ҫһ㣬ˣʬĶ
һֱɫı飬üͷչأˣʣµľŵ£ҲǳԸɷġ
ɿҲȥͽȲϲøϽȥ֪ͨˡ
֮ǰͻɻƼңŹſִһһҲƼ¶û뵽һ˻֮ϲ
ѸҵĺϣҸ˻ߵǰнȥ֮󣬾Ͱѻġ
˵գȽ񣬾ʹˡ
ǣȽصʱҵĻ
δΪȥùˣܺأĵģĻá
е㲻ͷĶһµԼ·ϴȥˡ
ô˯ۺӣƽʱ˯һ
ԹԵСϣҪµأҸ￴š
һᣬúã
һߣ˿ռ䣬ֿռĶãɡûó
̾˸ſڳţļѼǮһڻûµļУֻڼҿš
ֻǾڽŷʱͻȻоеһʧ
װڷͻȻ׼ᣬ͵ŤͷһȥȻһСܲͷСһûӰˡ
С°ͣе찡ǲǳüҵС
û֮ǰԴ
һƳһôС̽ͷ͵͵
̽ͷֺܿأظΣȷתСſǳ
û֣Сʵϣлɣ
ȴҲС˼ǹѸ¶ĸϲǱˣû˰ģ۸
ĺܼҳӰ죬ȻСİظϴﺢӶǹ֣ٺһЩǱһ࣬Сԭ游ţһﻶϲ֮飬ҲѾ˴
ĺʱȴûȻúСظѾ˴
ӰӲϲҲ棬۸С
ظҲ棬ǰСԭҲƧţȻҲô
ϴС֮Ǿд֮ǰ⣬Сһ档
ãظͳãҲ塣
û⣬ظݣǳòԺõģʵһѸԻ˺ݲͷ¶ֻܽһЩϴƣȴֻǿά±
ͬظ֮ǰСǵģɴСӻݡ
İظһŵøϽأٿԺѾûŹӰʧСԴȴþôߣſ̽ͷƻʱٳ
棬ȴ±
ҲûȵظۣСְɣ߻ʱ£ŵһߣװͰЩ۸ĻһȴϽЦӯӯСףôװ
ظ̵ͷҲ˵ֻǶûټȴҲ֪˵ʲô
Ҫֲҡ
Ҳżɴ¡
ظͶһ֮һߣһͰСԴȥ
ʹûͷҲܲǰĵӰ䣬Сẹ̀ͷ첻죬˾Ͷ㣬ȴ̲ס档
ڰظٴ̽ͷʱӻͳӿռóһɣ˺װӻؿռ䣬ֻһıɣζģ˺˲һζýԿӳŵСԴˢһ̽롣
ûЦЦһҧ˿ڣԴࡣ
ýĵط
֮ûõģΪĹСʶ϶ԣɱɱģȴѹûСױơ
ԵÿҧһǴζڴ̼ظζ٣۰Ͱͳţ֪ʱѾվǰĴ۳ֱ־롣
̧ͷۣ£֮ǰȰظʱմ˻Ŀ壬ϴøɸɾģϴе·ԵԴȴҲݵúܣֻģȴ⾫Ư
Ǻ棬ǻݵƲòĺÿǻǰ϶òߺģãҲƯĺӡ


13 
ظóһߵһ飬һ߿ճһݹȥҪôҳԲ꣬˷ˡ
ظȴûӣֻ˼ҡҡͷȴܼ֡
üôִ
룬̾ﲻҲˡ
ظûߣüչûʣô
ֱһֻСᳶһ䣬֪ʱ࣬Ȼڣʵȥμϲһҵģö࣬Ҷˡ뻻żԵġҲ֪ǮŰҼҼѼˣĸҲˣЩŵԲϡȻ֪󣬵ǲر㣿ԣҪųԣһżҸ㼸
߿⿪ڱ͵СȻ۾ˣֳɡ
ʵǲ֪Ҫ֪϶ȥ򣬵Ƕ󰡣Ҫܻ͵͵ÿԵļһţҸ㼸飬͵͵˭ҲߣСô
ðظûؼңСƭÿɲƭԣðظԼڰŻὲ
ó֪϶֪ԼշظֱһѣʱͲǰǿ˼Ҽ
ظѾĶٽŶӣò
ССȭͷͻȻһ۾ˡ
üⶼУ
ССȶߵܵóûӰ뵽ʲô۾΢΢һȻûãСܻǰֻ̯С֣ż
۾һȣǸúӣ۾ģظҪһ𣿵һ͹ˣͿˡ
ظȴǰ
ҲߣȻһһ꣬ǲߣµϣϽ§סȴֻȥһСУռԺҾͲ
ظ㡣ᣬϸȻڡ
£㿴ԵʵһһģζȻɣõ棬ҳһѾռˡˣһһҪȻҾ͡
ظȻƽʱװͰͣȴֻ۸ġ
߻ӣǳԣȻĻ⣬ȷʳһСһģֱСԴš
ı飬ûЦǾô˵ˣظܱǾԣҪ֪һǮȥ򣬻ܻҡ
ظŽıɣʵﳢ
ﻹ᲻ãԡ
ɹСͷ˽ʳ
ȴлڣС۾էȻˣԲ峺ʻȶȣϰСűɡ
еѹظûԹСٿҲֻżһӻҪԼ
ظֱţųꡣ
꣬СãСˣһվѻļûԵļһˡ
ŻﻹȶȵļҡͷʧЦ
ظôϲó϶ܻ𣬿ǰǣҪôó
ɱųǾʣ±ģҪһģ׬Ǯ
ô࣬ǽɿߣǮ̧ͷͷ˵ѾԸԿɻǶˡ
ԣЩԶһЩᵽ¿ʼбҪġ˵ҲһӴɿ壬ȥ¡ʱϽȥ˰ɣӼӣٰϵһȣóԵġ
˲ٱɲȴԹӦˡ
ܿ죬ڵıӰϡ࣬һϣ緹
ҲҪµأԵÿ죬ԵղҲֻһ㣬ģٷžеѵ
û˵ͷϡ߲࣬ʣû𣿡ҪǾӣܺϡԱ
ţڷƽСĸ﷢ᣬĴúӸЩҪͨȻ񣬲ȥ˵ʲô
ĵغ𣿡ĳƺȴãȻĿ⡣
һɣû
ѹͷϲЦЦǳԷɡ
ողʲô
ҡͷո֮ǰϲʱ˵һûƼǴ֡
ѻȥѾܳңغţȥ
һȦصغţڷʹ˱ģ̫ˡ
û뵽ôãﾹȻû̾뵽һ׮СʲôƤ
ǰպһƤΪԵ϶ǷֿСװŵģ͡
ȻûͣһСͽһͰĹؼ
նƤǻģҲףͣһ
Ŀǰһ200ģһ룬һ50룬Ƥɱ4ǮһЩ˻иҶеƹϣɱҲǮԼӵʮģʮģʮĵľԽΣԤƽֵһ׬ģһ˾ģ
Сž뵽֮ĳֻǵ뵽һؼСԴһҪôѡ𱬵ó
һֱᵽûƻƱҪʵУûȴѾʼǰ㣬ϲƤ
һھӦˣһȥЩףǰ֭׼ЩˣԼҷĶѿˡֻ̿ɿڣϣѾܺóԡ
½Բ˼ӣԵýԲ
Ҫٽһӣվܻ
һ룬˵ǰԣﻹӡ
һߣȥʳ꣬Ȳӿռóһã˰裬Ȳһȥʱȫëһ±򿪣ඥ泩Уͷԡ
죬δĥôɻó
ʱһתƼһɽˮԱ֣Сԭ游Ҳš
⼸֣ͻȻ۾ˣ԰ĵţ˵ʱĴ˵ģȻỳɡ
þգʼСʳһµأʼģѧŵּ
µ岻٣ܳҪһγһš
ϰ飬¿հ׷Ƶֽһǳɡ
ɣѱ߽ĥĥŪþһЩѹŪӡӣؼġ
ƽʱլҲʳˣ˲̳ӣ⼸ÿظСӵ̳ӣٷŻؿռСӻָټ̳ӡ
һ̳ӡ
һ׼̳ӿڷãȷû֮ҵɽ֮ǰǮ϶ƽĿѣڿһ̳.ȥ
佹ἰ滨Ǽ¸ӣ˵ҵˡ
Ÿм⡱ҵؼѡûڼңýͬһһĸ
ӡͦãרѡﲻڼң˵л˽˽
ǲŽѣžøպ뵽־ĸӿһ񣬽ҲýãԺѧҲܱƼһְ
˳£Ҳ֪
֮ǰƲĲ࣬־ǻƼˣ߻ϵĵȥͨˡү֮ΪԼĶӣҲǻϵֳۡ
ƼҺǰȷǰţƼҷᵽ𴦣ϺɳżȻط꣬ϲú˸飬˽¼档
ŵǰȥƼףȴƼϴʸˡ
һǰŻƼҾȻֱӸ϶ף¼޵滨壬ȥһ棬ĸԸģġ
Լ棬ײִʧִɡ۾ʧֱӰѻҲΣȻү˰ѻϸʬ塣
Ϻһʼ֪۴ɵѾˣƭѾ͵ҽҽβͻء
ֱϷֶʧٱϢ֪Ҫȥ淢ۡ
ү»й¶ڻϺͻԶŮ֮䣬ѡ˻ۣϡ˵ҪȴҲǣڣѰᡣ
һֱϣȿ˲˵ͨηˣһСɵʬڻƼҵĺԺһ˳ҲˣǴ㽫˺ᡣ
Ҳֻ͵ģܿ뿪ĵգڼΨһȤιظʱʱԷһŵóһЩźܻʵʺܶʳｻ
źСֳԺҲֶܱߣļšֻżȺģӳһҪظ϶


14 ιʳ
ʱͿʼڣڳ󣬾͵ȣԶԶƼ￸ųͷͿʼŻܳȥţžһ°ŹϣϣñӴͷǵš
һ½ʱٱ۸æȥƣŽѱȦģҷˡ
ϸûɿ֪ܸľУˡֻҪ۸Сӷܶͷʲôˣ˵
ԴѺԺݣȴСڳһ̳ӡǲģǰڳ᲻Ūˣ
ʲôû̳ӡɴߣ£˭ǵģȥơ
ȵԺﵽ˽ǰ̽ͷһֻĿ·һ̳ӣţܲ͸磬ͷһţһʯͷѹš
￴Щ㶣ѽ£ǰ.򿪣Ϥּûסһ£ʪֽ
֪ŵݣˣקקֱϷ䣺ôˣ
§û¶Ǹ˵ġⰡ游ǵġĨȥᣬ¶һЦ游Ժ۸ǰ̳żӹõһζϰɵܷͣá
̳ڳű飬ͽغţڳϵ̳ӣ̳ⱻøɾ˿̴Ų
˵úܺãȴҲŮûʶ߹𴦷⣬Ǻϵģֶδ֪صĳȲ볢һµ̳͡
˵ûֹģһҪܣֻ˵ǼҴطպǮҸͶ·ɽͷ
ǰڳһ˿ࡣ˿˲䣬һʱԵϢ䣬һûס磬ᡣ
ܵĸо£ȡ֮һǰδеġ泩ԼڳĲ⡣
ռãƽʱҲ̰֮Ƿʱ̳͹źͮͮΨһϳģͺ֥飬ʣҪͮͮĶȴʶ⡭
ûסøɾľһΣǰ⣬ʱһ£ٴðӿǱǼһϸĺð
ζʵ֣ȴúܣֵζɢȥȡ֮ǳӯڱϢ̫ˣ޲ð.ͷ¡
⡢⵽Ǻġ
һ춯Ż񣬷֪ʱӵıӣмͷڴ㰡Ҳԣ
ŽڴĿ⣬ٿӣ۾һ԰˵ǵζҪŶԲſɣζһʼʵ̫塣
Сȥһɾľףһ룬ҨС룬ٰһĨСм䣬ôһͿװ׵ﱻɫһŵ㽻ζò˼顣
﷢̻ĨðѱӺϣһݸҲԣ
ȦȣӹûԿŽСԲζ׼һˮ
һȥ۾һϤζ̫ˣ
ֻǿһףܸɵӣ
￴ԵùɿҲ̲סҧ˿ڡڵ˲䣬߬ӣ۾죬ǰǰպľؾǶǵһ̳͡
߳Ա͵֪ƻóѣҪƤȻû
գһϣĸһ롣
ѵûµأһ̳ͳ
û֪ͨ˵ʿụ̃Ϊĩʶ֣ȻԸýҲӣѧáһѧӲףҪҸʦÑٲˡ
պǲͣõģɿһЩճȻ
ﻹڳɣһͷ¶ȥЩʳպҲᱻЦ
գҵС⣬ô
͵ʣҪԵģ̫ˣԺǲʱܳԣ
ﱻֵı鶺Цǰѹʱɢü۴Ц԰𣿡
ףˣ游϶Ҳˣǵó
һ㶣ȻȻǾÿУαؾ
ڽ£Ƥ
ܷţʱֻҪмӵƼɣһЩҲܷš
ϣ̳ӣʣһ̳ϻҪ²ܳ죬ڼҼһ磬ܷһ꣬Ǯ
ȳƤԼϵζżʮӣƣ˳ơ
Ƥ׬Ǯѵȥñ֡
ЩҪúÿǣ˵ӣ֮ǰͿʼ׼룬ûʮա
ʣûܣȥϿûƤͱӵ緹
ͽǳź󣬾Ͱ˸СӵȰظ
Ȼûһظ߬ŵʺݽһ˫ġ
ѴŴ򿪣˺óԵģ㳢
ظ˼ܣһڴһǽ.ȥˡ
Цйţݣ£ͽѷŵƤŵкã֭һ裬춹ѿˣҨըףƷһƾ˿ڳ
ϴ̫鷳ҲôۣɴûᣬֻǼ֥齴Ǿζ
ֻ齽֥ĥɵĽζԡ
СԲֻһ㣬˹ȥ룬ƹȥʱС۾Բᣬ֪öţȴҲ̲ס
ЦˣôûƭɣرóԣģҵģҼƵͣܲܳԣҪܣٷš
ظȴԹûרŸ׼Сϣ˱ǵĳʳѾռ˺öαˣ˲ɻûס
һƾ֪С˼֮ǰ֪ԼǮԩҲ֪⺢ӽĸ㣬ҼҴСԡܣظ˵ȥŶ㳢ζҪǺãҼҾȥˣ͵æȰﳢ£
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ظֻƵƵףС϶ɿ죬ϸýҲԡ
һ˳Բڣֳһ롣
ͦŶڶ棬ͷһξôͦãǹ¶ûˣԳ׬ǮϲʳΨһϧľԼõҹտϵ֤顣
˼ˣеþʧһ򿴵ÿ
ظδԹóԵζǵڳԿҲûζԵøɸɾ֭Ҳꡣ
ŵûڶ룬Ͱظʱ§ļ򣬡ǵСܣȻͷ⿪ˣԣɱۣһǮ
ظָһ㣬ôóԣҲܳأ
ûס¶һС۾ģýȾҲ̲סЦչϣ·Ⱦһ⡣


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Ҹֵϣõһֲΰ͹ǲҪѣԸҸ˲٣ܳһꡣ
30һ̳򣬶Ըóһ̳׬ˡ
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ͻȻôϣѯʵģҲûţ˵°ȥѧãΪܵǮҪȥƤ
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óԵҡͷݣ
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16 
ôһֻͨһ£óԣ൱óԣ
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17 ƫ̻
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ʱ鱻һСǰ׵ģһͨ󡢴ˡū澡ū飬ǡǶ˵Ů
˿飺㣬ٽֵǼ֬ǶƿȾָ׵֭ҺҷʱȾ֣
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üɪɪ飺ҷǷ˵⻰
飺˵˵˵̲ס͵͵һߡ
һֱվһû˵׽һۣ˳ſȥǱߣҲߵķҡ
ʣǺʱȾָף
ۣһһض˾Ϳˣū澡Ϳģ֮˾ͷԸūȥϲԵĸ㣬ūٻأͬݵū˵˳ȥˣֱ˵ʬ屻֣Ҷûټˡ
˴Ӻ䷢һΪЩ֮ǰ˵
һū澡ū£ֲǡʲô˵ģūû£͡û˵
𣿡ҲƵƵǱߣüͷΪһֱǱ߿ȥ㿴˭˵˭ⲻἰģ
ŵ滨ƵƵҡͷģǵġ
үѵû˵Ҫ˵ȥͰ㷢ˣͻȻ
鱾Ϊ̧¶һ˿ңջѾ
ǱɫѿֻӲͷƤ߳˵ġ
ɱģԲԣǲǸ꾫ţԾ͹ɱҼҽˣԽԽ
ɫࣺҶ˵ˣֻƽϢ˵ٸ˲ʬ˵ɱֻս᰸֦ѡ
üͷ𣿿µ֤֤ʵ˿ܲˣӣ񻹲ܵɱ˽ᡣˣҰģڴˣ࣬˵ȷɱٱ֤Ź֣ɱٷҲݹֱٸ참ΪɽѺ
֮ǰܺԾһֱ֣ʱĿĴﵽ컹ûٿڣӦˣ˵һԡ
ܰüģʦүЭ˰֮ǰĿڹϣ¶Կڹ
Ȼǻбס
ܿ죬ҵӺˣϵѾͯµɨһƫԺҲϵǸķԺӡ
ǸԺӲСԺ£ֻΪķ̫ãӲݴδסģ
ĻȾͷĿյϣҷֳĲմ󷿡֣һǹԺӻںԺɨˡ
˲٣ߵϷˣӶŮĸӶլΪĸԺӣӵңҲүǶȢޣֻǶλ˻δ
ĻδȢޣǰͬϷȥ˳իδδڰֳɱߵĿԼûУҲų⡣
ĺϷ˵ȵõϢңҪϡ
ʱ֮ΪߣҲķ˹˿ܣΪǰձһ£ңһܡ
빨ŵԣǹΨһĶŮǽߣǰһֱѳֶѾ߽ӴҲ檡
ֻܲסƢû꣬ɴһҡ
±˹ȻһҲ֪ô̸ģճʱչͷڻķϵһƫԺ
ˣȥ֬ǺʱǺʱ
ǣС΢ūūȥûˣ첻͹ȥʱճʱȳʱʱһ֬̿ˣūƿͻأȰͿȥõʱպǳʱС
Ҳ˵ʱ֮δˣѯʣʦүһţ˵ʻǸոѯʹֻȺʱشˡ
ź˺ĶԻüͷ壬ʱߵ㵽ŵ֮䣬鳽ʱҲߵʱа˵֮ǰͿָȥ˵ģСý·̾Բһӡ
֪˱ʮҲʱУΪýǵʱ廹µģʱ䲻һСʱҲ˵ŵ㵽ʮ֮ġ
Ҳʱʱʱ
Ҫҳ֣ǾҪһСʱûڳ֤кܴɡ
ֻһ㽹ϰ˵㵽ŵʱ䣬ĶһֱǸƫԺʲô
һʢװڰ˵뿪Ժӣ˵㵽ŵʱٲŵ㵽ʮ֮䱻ɱΣʮ㱻֡
ȻҲ㵽ŵ㵽ʮǸؼ㣬㿪ʼŲ顣
ܻ֤Լ۶һһų
Ϊʱŵ㵽ʮҪ׼Լʼɨʱ򣬼Ϸ˱˵Ҫأ󲿷˱ȥСôɨԺܶ˶֤
Ƚеģֻʣ⼸λӡ
󷿷һ׵ĶȥϷ߸ѾһۣпϷĲ¥Ҳ֤
ȥ̽ȷʵӰ˵븮ֱõϢŴҴҸϻء
ųǾڶ֮䡣
صŶֻʣµΨһӣӣʱʱ߱ʱʱ䣬ںδ
ɫе΢һشˣҵʱڸ
üںδ
ҧҧ
˱һһֱû˵⣬ҪĽĵʱȻүסס˶Ϻ˿ߣֻܺջĿ⡣
˼ʣҿɻ֤
иðլһѾ֤
ˣ֮ûˣ
ףǡ
һۣⲻڳ֤ãȻƫ㣬һƫ̻㣿
Ƥ˳飬ɴˣҸûҪɱΪʲôҪɱǹҶŮţҺҵһ飬ֲ¿϶ҼҲӰ죡
˳˼Ƭ̣ˣɲųˣȥҹ
ӣһ꣬һˣǾʣ
߿ǸǷʵӣֻһ˫һȻ飬·࣬ڴŹǷһήҵģ
˿δЦģֻۣϧŵɵӵһˣҵʱŷˣԺֿɶƼġ
˵ţһŬŬ죬ǰ񣺡ˣүʱȷ᷿ЪϢūҷ̷ˣΣƼ˯š
ߴֵѾ߻ۣȴûˣתϣأ
ƤЦģҷССӣû취
ԿȥСӣ
ȻҲ׽㣺ΪС뵽֮
ִʶ㣬Ͻͣ˾ԲẦ˵ģСԭ֮ǰҲˣ˵סӡҲȻСҲô˵ġ˵Ҽ˺ͶСʶģͬãʱµʱһֱˣҲܻ뿪ҡ
˵꣬һԵĹҲ̲סڣܷܻԽмҪǽŮôõ˼ҡȻͷԼҿˣֺˡ
ǹүͣǹ֧һŮ˫ûˣһֱסڹңýã˼ңδɻ飬ʹŻ£˷ңˡ
ֻϣǾֻʣһˡ
ɫÿˣûɱɡ
ˣǾ͵ҵ˵
ȴòֻһˣҲɡ
֣֮ǰ˵ǰʱӵȷֻ᷿ЪϢңһֱ𣿡
һ㶣⡭
ɫһ˵
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˶һۣҲ˵ʵʱδӵ棬ҼǵһҸ磬ȷŵǸˣ
һ£⡭ͷ֪롣
˵Ǻ˿ڡ
ֲȥɴһۣ⡭ūȷû壬ʱ絲ţͷϷ۵ūֻƳ۾ʹҴҽ.ȥ
˳һҲ˵νĲڳ֤ʵվסšú£һװΣڼȥɱˣƷأԺƺ·̶
ɵۣԩһֱ˯˵ҡҲûɱɩ
㵹˵˵˸Сʹ಻ΪȻ˯ȥһȷ˯ûǣԲŲδʳؼ
һʲôܿĿӴǣ⡭֮ûѣû˯ãͷ£˯еôˣ
ˣŶΪû˯ã
Ĩһ˽°ɣ˵Ҳ·ʱ䣬Ȩ˵
ˣǼȻˣʱ޷ϴѣ˵֤ȷڰֳ˵ɡ
ɫɵ׻ûȥĶ˵ڡ
˴һӵͷۣûɵ뿪ֻʣˣԼִֵ򸾡
Щ˵߻ѯŲϣԶǸȣ˵߾ǰڻȱܵķ϶ȥͷŽ.ȥûȵʯ׵˲ȵʣ׹ʯ࣬ôԼ
վǣһΣͻȻֻΪûӲݴУġ


18¡ŭ
ͷǰһ̽Ϳˤʯβ룬ɫʵزЩ졣
룬֮ǰ˵ʬ徭ߴһֻʱʱϴŵǸ
Ҳἰһԣ˵Ƕ˺ϲյõģɫҲָɫƿȾһʱ䡣
ʲôʱʱվҲ̽ͷʯƬǴӹ׹ģӦ׹ײߵײġ
Ȼ򣺡϶ۡ
Ҳû£ҲףΪʲôСԺչⲻķǰǾѡλãԺµĴС֮ǰǷ˼õġ
СԴֱۣ̽˻ӣǰҰ̳ӲСײֱ̳ײһƬ죬ˣˣüء
ܰѴϵײ飬϶ᣬǶȻҪպײŵһߣҪɺ⣬Ҫ
ϵϸס̧Ҫײȥֱ»ֱ̧ۣԶ󣬷ײ
ֱ£Ӱŵľȴֲײ顣
һ㶣ǣոᵽֱʱԺʲôһ̫죬û׽
ҲͶʯϣװ˸ֱ۶̣δ˵ӡ
ľٶȴͻȻ۾һ͵վ԰λԡ
ֱײϲѣֱ̧ײģ䣬ײ䣬ײȽӴȴָһָʹǻջ֣ȻҲܻ顣
οϲûбײĺۣ
ԣͲײģôö˶˵أѵǸģҲûۣһӡӣ̫ϸҲָð
Ҳû뵽ʲôֻϰ߿ԵĵطһʱĻһ٣ӡӣһ
ۣͻȻʯױ£ٻһȦͷ۲һո磬ôһյȱӾͲÿء
˼䣬ôһʣԻش𣺡䳶µģǵʱ͹Աߣʧޣһˣʱʬ²СĲȵ֤ʱҡ˵ţۻȾͷǸ᷿
ͻȻƹ᷿ȥ
һϽ׷ȥֳɲܰ
һ·С᷿ܵſڣżͿϵúսĩ˿ȥȻˣֵǣӵһпȴƽģһǱϵġ
ܹһѰʲôɲܣһʲôô죿
ʵֻ˵ˣܲһޣ游ǰƽڶңҲæġ
ᵽţҲ˵ͷˣﲻҴ
ԹӦˣΪţһߣĿ⻷һȦһƣüͷȴֺܿ촹ߣո֪ˣǲ㴳˼ӵҪǻǻ
ʲôˣͿ˺ܶˣ˵ԺǰһóԺӣү֮ﱻ͵ׯӣûסķˡԣҸһ˵Щʲôߣһֻ̤żʱ
ͷһ㶣ףᰡ㿴Ǵ齺ӻױ̨ɸɾģôǿյģոƭСǲǣ
ĻѾȥջŤͷһ֮ǰû̫ע⣬ΪķΪʱѣѽ£ߵԶױ̨ǰϣȻɸɾģǿյĴ齣澹Ȼһ
ɫ΢䣬ܾ֣ȻסΪ˵ûˣ
վڴǰǵıʱɫߵǱӣٻͷǵпڣ뵽ĲԺһ󵨵뷨
ֻ뷨֤ʵ֮ǰ֤ҪȫƷ
ֱ̫ǿңó棬ֻܶһġ
ģٶưǸؼ֤ݣΪܿѹϳµʱƳ٣ܿʱԼвڳ֤
ôѵһɨᣵĹӣ۾һһ¸ͷ»صߡ
űߺո߳ȥ˽ǰһģպôڴᣵĹҹбϵĳϡ
ľתͷһϽһַסһ־ȥסĴᣣѹһţ£شߣ龪һ
ʱ֣ͷԼҿûӡӣõˣллոҡ
СôҲ˵Ҫ˵ûʲô´ע⣬ȴһ㶣ӡӣӡ
ͻȻ뵽ʲô͵վȷʲô߻صǸƵĵǰŶѵһΣϸţһƽĶϿڣͻȻͷ֮ǰ£ᣵĹϵӣؿͻȻЦһվ𶯣ǧ𶯰
˵վܳȥˣǶˣֵķʱƶϿ⣡
һ䣬һ㶨ˡ
ܳȥƽʱһأ߶䣬뵽ݣֻͷۣ˵ʲô
ȴѾһųƵĵһֻӵһأ㿴
ɨȥһۣôǹϳʱСĳµģϲҳ滹мָӡӡʱǳº۰˷ʱСµġ
ӵһǰִһգ˵ϸƣӶϿû⣿
˿˵棬Ҳչȥϸ鿴ôһȷֵֹģпڡƺ̫ƽ
ƺƽٵȵȡ˵գúȵٶȥϳµʯף̽ͷѾ.ֱۣЩ۵Ƭ
ʶʲô򼸸ۡ
ҲȥæƬŵյԵʯϣƴһ
޷ƴգµ״ȴǿԡ
ƴ꣬ϸˤȱڣ֪ҵһΪƽĵط
ʱѾչվҲʲô߶߶ģа
ùǽӵĩ˺ƴƴλø˴ս
˿ȥֹΧҲɫ΢䡣
һܽͣһӣһǿµġпںơ
һƽһ΢
Ŀ۵ף㿴ӣãӶˣ˺ѣӦöǲƽģһƽһˣֻ֤õӸһ룬ңֻҪСһֱӲضϡпҲȰгһӣֻҪҲ׶ѡ
ü˹Ϊ֮
ǣ˿ȷʵɱַʱֻǶǶʱ䡣֮ǰֻΪָɣȴȷȴѾȷ֤ݣ˵ȷǱɱġ
˵ո˵µʱԣǺ⣿
˿ɻǵʬһϸĺӡӣΪԣֻǼ¼ڵǶδ⡣
룬
ܿȥ׼׵¹ϵһյͬľɵǴһģҲǱжһ롣
ź˵ߵϳµʯǰһ籣ǶҺãվʯϣȥԻȣǰǴýİ籣ֱͷбϷǵǿúܽӡ
ԼһظֻʣһǣӴٰ̧һԵ۰ѵ·Ӳ.ϡ
֮ͷڰϣͷ£Ϊܲ棬ͷ䣬պùڰγһ֧ţȴձУҲպãȫڲϣ֮ȫ
˵˲ţʲô
ֻʣһ˱۳ʱͻȻ͵ؾѣԼǰԿ򱻲ס֣ʼƴȥӣҪԼ岻׹
龰ͬʱϳʱֳԭ
ʱ֮ԻѡקǰΨһ֧ţΪΪõҺãһקϵӱͲȣԶ֮ټһҲͬʱΪǸ֮ǰп±ϣڵķѡ
ֱһ㣬͵ؽһģ˫Ŷվʯϣһˣ˫գϱɿֻ֧õ͵սҲ޷ѣ׹˫գɲԼԼˡ
˫պ͵ս۰
ɼʹˣҲͨ졣
ڳڵ˶Ҳ˵˹һУͼǲ鵽Ķ˵ʱʱ
ֻҪǰںһùϻԣʱôһӾͻ壬Լٵ״ȻȥߵĵȴԼ
һֻҪպҩʱǾȫڳ֤
ɫˣµ鲻ڳ֤ӹ뿪ǿ𣬵ʬ壬ڷʱڣ
ԶȾͷɿֻǻͷ۴ϵıüͷȴýģǻŲ¡
Ϊʱ䷶Χ󣬺ܿЩٴαһųΪʱеʱæʱһæµܻ֤
ֻһȴǶʱ޷֤ġ
һ߶˵Ů顣
һССӵ˹ܷ
±ʱɪɪɫף󡢴ˣūĴӶ˵Ļδˡ
ˣ㳽ʱ֮ǰȥСزһ㣬֪֮˲ڣ֮ȥ
ɫ΢΢һ䣬ūūһպ÷˲ڣȥ˶
ˣԸպʱ֣ôôɣǡǸո֤ʵʵʱҲܷʱ
ŵſԩūûɱˣ
ˣڶ֤
ҡͷɪɪ
һԵ˸ǷˣȻɩʱǰˣһֱ˯û˰ɣ
˿һۣȴǿ֮ǰҲǹܷ֣֮ǰἰҹСЪϢ֮ʱʹҴҹȥǲǣ
ףԡ
ɫſˣٴ֮ǰȻûκ֤һֱ˯
ﻹҷ˰
ˣҲ֮Уʹ.ʱ֮ǰ˵ȷм㣿ԣʱ䣬Ƕûвڳ֤Ƿ򸾶ɡ
ţˣ˵ʲôҷ˿ɻС
һԹϷҲһ£԰ܷϵã˭ܻɱ˽ܷܡܷĻ»ܼ޵ôãɶŮݣ
ˣү˹һѡ
ƲƲ죬û˵ȥܷɱƾһֻϿɶҡ
ȻûпɣȢʱ˵ò檣תͷȴңɱģ
վˣûҳ֮ǰֻҪûвڳ֤Ķɡӣ˵С㣬Ǿǰȥѯʣ֪ɷ㣿
Ϸ˲Ϊһ֮ӦܣΪϴɣǹȥһѯʵĺá
ʱܵߣͷոҲȥɣСǲȥңҿ԰Ǵʻ
ѽֻҪܻ÷ֲ׷ֵĵ㣬ˣܹԣһɣϾ߶ҵˣӲ̤ҡ
ӦˣǾһȥȶҵ֮󣬴ȥʻ
ȺǵʱõϢ˹ܷѾǿŮİ´׵ֻǲմ˷磬
˵һֻһ϶źվţִ뷿ڣȷǷĲء
ٴɫܿһ
ˣˣʱеʱʱ㶼ںδ
ĬĬڣһ԰㲵Ů磬󱳿һȣ䶼ҩζһ£ȷӵϤĻѪҩݡ
Сġ
ڣʱʱұʹྪѣܿ־ˣ֮ǰһֱڷЪϢ
ˣ֤
ҡͷȡޣҹ۵ǿ˯ţ䷢£Ҷֱ֪ʱвʹѣ֮һֱңһֱ֤
Ĭܾãƽʱϵ𣿡
Ȧʱ΢΢죬ְֱ̧֣ܿϵãһ𳤴ҶԣҪһҲ㡣Һѹ
̲סɿ컷һȦ͵͵ڴ齽ŵϵЬףƻȺȷûκҴܳȥֻһ磬ͻȻһɺܵζӿϢ䣬ƫͷ᷿ķ
˴ߴһܳȥԼĸ֪ȷʵС
ֻǣոûŴ뿪ǰ⴫ζƺǰ㡣
֮ǰΪҩζڸǵûᵽ
ûʳʲôȥŮˣΪҹչæ˵˸˯²ţԶû˹ȥ
ʼ磬ٴδ˸Ƿ㿴Ҿ˵ҷû⣬һŮôɱˣҵʱɾڷɶû˰ɣ
ûסһۣ˵˵㵽ҹȥĶô
ӣˡ
յǰ磬ƽʱ˯ò𣿡
һСԶ㣬뵽ǺߵģǿƤЦⲻЦôܣ˯ñˡ
ܻܿߣû˵
Ŀǰĸ˿ɱ߹ϵ֡
һߵķңʲôвòɱߵԵɣ빨˵ģˣҵһ
ڶ飬ߵŮȴָ׵ˣƫȴҲǶˣʣӱģҲɱģԲŻЩϸڣ
ûвڳ֤ɱɩĶ
ĸ˹ܷҲ߹ϵã˾˵ܺã߰˹ܷܶ࣬Ҳвڳ֤ңֵǣ᷿а㣬ȴֻ᷿УȴҲҲУֻΪҩζסٻߣ˵Լ˯üѣ߰Լ¯ġ
˳˼ȴʲôֻܿ˺֤ʣһų
Ҳҵĵ㣺һǸԷ᷿Ϊλסס˭ȻҲ֪¿϶ʣɻҲõ
ڶΪʢװǰȥǸԷԼ˵бĸεԵɣ
Сԭ򣿿ҵǲظҵĺӾôһ˵иԭ
ĸ˾˵Ѿ꣬ΪҲûһŮ
٣ȥ˵ἰסλãеԶһһҪһʱ˴ء
˶࿴һۣΪסˣ⹻¹ģ֪ˡ
ҴһѾߣ۹ˣ·Ѿ˵ʱүȷһѾ֤
ˣ֮أǶӵң׽Ĺϵ֤
һ㶣⡭Ϊүá֪һʼýԺֻͶˣʱҲֻҶˡ
ˣǶӵȻϴѡ
еţɡɵʱүȷһ𡣡
Ҳɫѿˣɱɱʲôô
û˵ʹˣûȷ֤ǰȻϴ塣
ʱɲϴ壬ʳһֱʵģӣǸԷ̤㣿
ţڷŭУʵͻأһ㶣΢һƲۣûС
ɲͱˣסڷԷ˭Ҳ˵ԷѾ꣬ΪλȾͷ᷿˳Ⱦһʱµ컹Щ׼׵Ȼʱõġ
ͽһֱἰһʱɫ࣬ƺ뵽ʲôҧ˫ȭҲ߬ɿͷƫһԣô֪Ҵδ̤
ȴɨɫȻ˵ѡ


19
ѵԵأɶ˵ΪʲôԵɹ
˵ѣɲ, ӣȫ˵鰸ֻɲӰ졣˵, Ҳ
üͷ壬, Ļǵ棿ǷԷĸֹ̤, 񲻽ЩҲ֪Щʲô, ˵
촽һ, ƫͷ, ҵ治֪ȥ, ȴҲһǰ, ֮Ҵδ̤Ǽ, Ҳ޹ء
ʳһֱ۲Щ, ˵Щʱ, Ǹһֱʹͷı飬ķӦʵе֡
ͻȻ뵽һϸڣȾָҲ棬ƺҲ, ˻صĺֶ˲ڣȻûȥҷȥЪϢ
˵Ϊ֪ȥ˺δԲ㰲ģ
ǷԷȾͷ᷿ܸɾϷֹ̤룬ûӣǾֻʣӡ
⼸λӣǱ߻᲻ߴķֻһСӣʱϷ˸ӲΥϷ˵˼пܵľǶߡ
ȷ˵ԼֻһǰһΣ᷿ĸɾ̶ȻЩʱҲдɨ
ʰЩǶˣһŵǧ𣬻ʰЩ
Ǿֻʣ¡һС
Ҳֻһԣһԣɱ˴ͣˣǣ˹ϵеˣҲܽΪἰǸԷʰ׵ķ㡣
˺ö˶˵ĲðȻǵڶԾ͸ߣҲ˵˽¼ʲôˣ֪ȴʹҲ̲ᡣ
ǣ¹档
ԺＸǸʣ͵顣
һоͽ͵ͨ˵±֪ΪҺ͹ҵ⣬ѡҲ붪̸ܶҲܽΪһʼ¶ָ׵£뾡᰸
ҪôΪҵ±¶ɴ̯ƺɱģҪôԽ²飬ǣԼķ˸˵¡
֮ǰ᷿ܸɾȴûסϢϾһж̫࣬˾Ͳģֻˡ
üոպ˻ǰһһʱҲƹûö˲ϧðڸ˵ˡ
˲ȱǮȻǿ
ȵȣͻȻ뵽ƵƵǷſȥպִ˸ǷͬʱŲȴ͵һ
£ɣ
ģ֮ǰǷӦҲͲˣ¡
ٴȥ˫һΪǷˮɫһ۽ǴŻ˵Ƿϣַˡ
üͷýģʰ᷿ľͲǵʱһֿԾ͸ߡ
Ҳ˵ʰ᷿ģǶ˵׽֮ˡ
飬ἰԷѯʱķӦ΢
ҲܽΪʱҲָ׵£һ³£вҲӡ
˺ʲôĸˣͳ
Լ˹ܷ
ɱɳ㣬߳ŭԼ̵±¶ɱҲпܣвʲôʧأòɱ˶ˣڹܷѾ֪Լý˵أ
ؼ飬Ҫô
ڽ֪Է£˵ʲôߵСһɻ󣺡ףո磬Ǹǲǲˣôһֱ
עϣԿȥȻҲ̧ͷʧû飬ü
䣬ո磬ΪʲôҷҪȥѽ֪ˣ˾ˣ˲ǻ𣿡ѹõ͵͵ģҲãȻ벻⣬û롣
.Ϊξȥˣ
ͷǴﶼҪȥҪ˻ȥԾϯ߽ӲŻĺܺŶ
һ㶣ԺһԼȾúǾµָףڸҪװ֮ǰΪɱʢװһ£Ǹɴû̫עЩɱɱǾû㣬ǡҪʲôˣ˺ܾܿɱˡ
һŮʢװ͵͵ڷԷԼҪ᷿ȴǼԼķʲôľ飬뵽һֿԣֻǻȷ
ɼʹҲûѽֱߵ˶ߵૼ
ס۾˲֪ˣ뷨ܺãȥɡ
ܿߵǰӸɪɪ飺㣬ߣ˽ʻ
鲻رߣɫȻÿǷҲһ٣ü¡ֺܿɿ
֪Լ֮ǰԷϵһֻҪܴбʳһЩǺܿҲ
٣Եҵˡ
ܿ죬ͼɫѿս˶ߵＸ
͵վֱ棿
ڳˣϣüĽһ
ӣܿķ˲
˴ûȷ֮ǰ˼ֵ棬ȴҷ뿪
ҷ֣ǽ黹ûô
򸾶һۣ֪ΪԤвã£Ϸȥһԡ
ſԼ˵Ǳ˵Ѿй˵£Ѿȫ̹ˣ˷ŷȥԷɨ¡
ܣôҡæɶϺ˵ߣ߬ȭͷͷȴһʱһȭͷ˹ȥ
ֱſѪŭ˵ʲô͵̧ͷɺۣŵһ£ήˣ硭
ûֵܣһûŪݺĨһһǰ֪ʱҾôˣֻǡֻǡȻôͶϣΪλøȢ
Ҫ裬һֱѹͷͻȻ¶Ѿûˣƹˤĸо
ͺ˶һۣˡ
ʱ٣ȿһ㶣ȶ׺ݵĿ⣬ŵһ£үū澡û˵ūʲôû˵
һ㶣ˢˢ˺
.ӣȣûʳѶƹթһթǡû뵽Ȼ²ģĸʲô
ҪǱ¶Ҫɣֲġ
ҧ֪ѾûͷŤͷڲģˣǰҲ׷һ㣬Ȼϲ㣬Ϊε˽ѡȴѡң껹ûɻѡԲ˵ġ
˺һۣ⻹飿
촽һ£˵鶼ֻӲͷƤڡ
Ⱥ꣬ûס
Һ͹Һܾ֮ǰԹҲߺСʶֵĸΪ£Էһ
ֵ͸߰æܿƹҼҵٵʵȨΪúãƽʱԺֲҵ
ʱֵܶϲ˽ԼùԼѡ񣬹ɫƫڼ޸뷨˫׸񶨣һǲֻһܿպһ޳ɣΪһѺ֣պ󣬻ԽԽܸɡ
ϲԸ⣬ʱѾй֮ףȷǽҲպһּҺԿ࣬һҧͬ޸
Ҳģ뿪ذֻ꣬ǻ󣬹ϸպʱΪһЩٴһˡ
ΪǶż£û뵽Ȼ˺ü꣬ĥ檣Ǻá󣬺޲ȥһ١
ŵøϽں
˺һۣҪһ顣
ˣ˿֪롭˵£⻰ʵ
͵ߺԶ᷿ҡͷȻ֪Ҫֿ֪ˡ
˺һۣǲȻܷҲ֪ǹϵ˵ɾ͸Ӵˡ
֮ǰûȴˡ
˭ϳϡ
꣬Ҳͷڵ᷿ŽգΪСӣӿһɲԤУǹӰ㡣
Ϊȷһԣָۣ㲻Ҳ뺦޶Ȣ˰ɣ
˺ֻעѯʣǰѸͷ̫ûʲôڸеĽˣͻȻһ
ǻã֪׵뺦뵽ҲѣֻֻСһ˵ٿʱƳĿ⣬￩һ¡
˱С뿪⣬һۣ뿴᷿ǳ⣺߱٣ĸͬ£
ҲſԼܣ㡭㶼ǼŮ˺ıЩʲôŮ˲ԼӣҲɴ಻ã
ڳɫѿƱʱͻȻԶԭյķͻȻ򿪣Ѿվſڣ۵ײŵضǰˣǸûЩ˿۵ס
ſ򣬡˵ɡ
ųſڵĹܷɫһף֪˰ɣ
ֱҪܷڰ֣ɣҲЩ̫õ£߾ľģ𣿡
ֺۣɵڶϹܷĿ⣬ת̧Ĩûȥ
ܷһ֮ǰĲߣߵ˵ǰҲûź˵ķһ񣺡ˣҲʹ󲮹ֻ˵һΣǵ˵
룬ҲҪ֪Ӧˣ۴˹
ֻΪŲµܷҪ˵ʲôŹϷ򸾣ֻǿȴ׼š
˺͹үܷһ㶣˲죬ܷ㲻ǸСôˣ
ܷۣŵ߬ȴͻȻת泯˹үؿͷ˲ԵĿ£תԺ˹š
ڣɺý£˵ɡ
꣬ýڶ֮ѡ˶磬֮󲻵һ꣬˽Ӵ֪㲢գбֵһգοʱҲ˸Ȣ޵͡һʹ˲֣֮ᷢҪȢķ˳Ϧദ¿϶ֶᷢߣý·˹ϵõҲգҪǹϵãƵƵߣȻɡԣΪȷ·˿϶ýϵãԺԲκβ˵ɡ
⻰һ㶣ⲻ԰üܷôһ㶼֪жʲôɽӴʲôа˵ɣǺ⣿˵˼һǷˣ
ȴֱӿۣ۳𣺡ʰ˲Υʮ
ֻӲͷƤȴ˹ܷĺһۡ
ûףҲѹûǸ룬ɹүȴһ
ܷһƬ˵ĻʹΪǷ˹ҵ飬ԣСǼҳܵӻĹŮô˹ˣһҪж¡ҵ꣬ȷģұ˵һ̻ӣȴû뵽ᱻҡοƵƵ빨ңҵꡭҲĽֻһֱû˵ڡ
ʱΪһ˵ģõý㣬õķպӣȻἫõġҴˣҺܼɣ檣ȴտʼһʣɺûʹˡҲûʲô١Ҿӣȥ
ֱһ˵һӣʱĺܿģɲ£ûˡɴŴ飬˵岻ãסӡ
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֮󡭡Ҿ֪һУһеһУýʱ붨ĲºӣҲһеãɵĻὥҺͺӸ£ԣֻҪоͻ취Ū
ܷ˵⣬ûסᣬϢģȴžʱҾվǴԷ᷿⣬ǵĻһֱж½С΢Դý㣬˵ҲһԹҵĺȹҵģǷ˹ҵū澣еЩҲ޿ɺǡҵĺӣһδڴȴһδαٵģѾһȴҵ׵ȨҲᡣͨѾеϢʱЦŸ˵ԺҪҪӣΪһʱҡɱġ
ԭǰĻʶʲôڨڨ󼸸֣͵Ҫȴүס졣
үɫ࣬Ȼû뵽ŮȻ¡
ܷۣûЩҶֵʱѾûˣ˶ɱˡ̫ǣԣּ֪ɻҹ踹ʹһҹȥЪϢôš֮ɻͷ˯᷿¯˰㣬˯úܳѹ֪ʲô֮ҾȥҪԼʱڷԷ⡣
ڿϰһᣬҪԼʱźţȻúúõˣֻǿȴסΪ֪ȴвҲ˵ȥҳʱ׼õҩһУӦöˣԭǴ㣬û֣Ǿ͵ˣ֮һɵ¹֮ɱ뱲ӳܵʹ֣ࣻ׼ʱЩɺܴҾͼ޻ɣû뵽ǱԤڵǰ鵽ˣǷµһУҲ¡
öû˵ʵ˵
ܷҡҡͷ̫Ūɱ˺ܶ๦򣬼ֱ϶࣬һ뵽¡οҲˡŶȹʮ꣬ȴѾ߹һôá
ʱҪȥɱŮ㻹
ܷûۣոһ㹨ҵ֮ǷĸδӵɱҲ᳥һһһỹ
ҵĽ˿޺
үǳ⣺죡簮¡ү̾һǹҶԲס㡭
ܷλһ£Цһ³ź˵ķһͷֻǿºȴܾöû̧ͷ
ûʶʲôȾ쵽ʱ̫ʱɫ΢䣬ո磬
ܣһҲǱɫϽǰܷȴѾۣǹЦ˫ֽһذףͲ֪ʱ䣬ҲѾûϢ
ŽҴҳʱѾǰʱ
ܷˣʬ֤Լ˵Ĺʵ˵Ҳ£ȴҪá
˹ἰһͽٷء
һֱߵſڣͷܷﲻôܣܸ뵽
ȴŴ򿪣û뵽ῴţϵ̽ͷһֱ߿۾һԭݻ
Сܹȥôˣ
⺢ӣ˵ʱⶼˣÿƼڲ鰸ӣЩ˲.ȥˡΣҲڸŰģ̲ס롣
ſֱۣѾţתͿнǸվǵ
û
ֲڣԲס⸮Ķе㼬֣һˣǵȼˡһϵףæÿʹã£û鷳ͺá
⺢Ӵýϸķ˴æ
ûţֻ˵дʣȴҲмϸġһ˼Ҳжԣܿţ𣬴ˡ
ţԶȥŽһֱ֣̲סɿҲգգָۣ
ػ˵ҪͷΪ˵ûɣ֣߬߬Żظõ·һҪһ͵͵æл
һߣţ飬˵£ˡ
Ȼﱾ˵´οɲôãһŵο䣬һ·صɿ塣
ţͣ¼ſڷ̳ӣĸ̳Ӱȥ컹û͸һأߴƤͭ塣
͵ƣСϣ֮ǰͭ߹޷ŵϡ
̧߹޿ʼ⵹ȫǰѳСɽͭŵˣ㶵ģ֮ǰһλæ߹߹޵û뵽Ȼôࡣ
Ͻ꣬ǳɵۣţðζûعһ£šΰɣ
զˣŻҰ͵Ц֮ǰһֱ۲ⷴӦ֮Уﲻ֪Ǳôͭŵһ˫ۣغǵ׬˶ٰ
һ̿ˮһǧһʮġ
˵Ǿ̫ˣȫԤںܶ࣬ԭţͺã˭֪
˵żʮӣǲԼ׬ġ
ȴһƤȥյͭ壬ʵʵڵģȫͬ
Ҳʼž㣬֮ǰĲ࣬ôడȥǮǮжѿ˻ʣٰ
һһ㼸ݣ˼ݡһݣûʮǮĶʮġ
мΪС̳һⵥࡣ
һǮǮ׬˽ġ
㲻괿׬ģٴɵˣðβźۣզһ׬˽ģǮӣ
һ¡
ۣöǣ
Ȧ죺ԣܸܶأҪ̯磬ȥǣֶУ
ҡͷﻹǱˣƲ¶ҪáǮֵ֪ϣһǸ͵͵ˡ
˵ĶԣǵԺȥѧã͵͵ųԣＤһ飬֮ڽĴߴ²Ų
ˣʱﻹû˯ﻹҪ죬֮ÿնô࣬ž͵ˡ
ý벻ǣڶﾹȻѾٷƤ
һϼû˯ɣ
ͷ۾þˣɫʱ񼫺ãѬôãϴ죬ŽЦʱü񣺡ˣ˼Ƭͷ࣬ȥϴȥʢ
СȥõƤһ£ȻٷݣϽٷݾУһ̫ꡣοϡΪҪ̫෴ϡûڶ첻һ̫ࡣ
ʹгô࣬ҲԺÿڶٷݣȥҪ۵
˵ЩʱգǾͻ˿̻Ƥ˵ӵҲ£ȴ׻ӰһЩ
ʱͻ̸ġ
ֻҪ֣һЩǮһ⣬˵ƵʳҲǵ׬١
˵ݡʱ䳤¶˵ϸֻĸױϡ
ﱻŵ༤û˯ɴƤ׬ǮҲȥѧãǡжٷˣǡˣ
С˰ְһͨȥϴ緹ʱ磬ȥߡ
ˣ˯һʱ
ʱ㺰ȴһ£ôһ˭
±˯ǳǾѣ³ȥ˭
ҡͷȥơ
һ𡣡ô磬¿ܻǮ£һų˿ܿۺۣ̿ͷãȥţֻǴ򿪴ţȴվͷģǳá
ãǡֹ̽ͷҲ£ظôң
ͷϸȥƣֳͷϰŲֻ¶һֻۣⱻջֻͷʵʵΨһ¶ֻۺÿֻǴ˿Ͳ
죬ĸҧҧÿ¶վһСͷİظ


20 
Сͷõ͵͵, С־ųõ½Ǻڣģ
ɻˣãǡ
Ѭ˵ɤЩ, ûסüֿظ
СͷԵģóòᣬ뵽źϵŶ, ҧҧǿ˿ڣ, СʱҶйշǻ˼ҵֳˣȥТ㣬·;ңԶظŲ㡣ܲܰнðظգٸͭ, Ļʳ, ٵõһᲹ, þͲ˻ءģҼվ͸ϻ, ܿġ
ô漱, Ȧ, ֻʣǸظЩơ
ͷһƼ, ƽʱҪôͷ, ҪôΨΨŵŵʱվֱͦΪסٵݣһ̬õĴ
Ǹĵغõ, ƽʱȻӴ࣬ɶԷٿҲûˣͷһΣҪѴҲ㡣
ظȻû⣬һģЩͭţһȸﵣĳòջأ˸ڣ㣬ҪǵʱòպڳԵģ޷
ﶮһŮӶԴӵѴοƽʱ˸ϴҲûĿǰͷóġ
Ȧ죬Űظֱսǰͭջأͷϥ£ظȥȥͻأظԹԵģĻջ㡣
ظϸ᣺᲻һȥ˵·;Զܴ
ȥ¸鷳
ԣԹԴ⣬
ظٲᣬͷ¶һЦҹ͵͵˰ޣȻżǲҪԣﰲġ
ҧҧͷҲؾҪߣ﻽סϽŪƤӵȵý֮ǰʣµĺҶʢֽ㣬ó·ϳԡ
ñҪȴס飬ֻܺ۰ѰͷѹѹҴҳ뿪ʮûסֻͷۡ
ֱÿӰظճհſţȦ죬ȴûޡ
һۣգգۣ.ͷȥ׼Ҫ߹ޣСӼ䣬׳齻ãͺá
⣬ðظִ١
Ҳû˵ߵżظվ룬ֱһ̧Խļ磬סһߡ
Сȴֲ̫ûЩȰοðظƽů
ظ£ҪȰԼ޳
ӺﻹҪػӺǲܿ޵ġ
ٳʱСſڣԴԴͰƣӵֻƵĴСϣŸСһ̲סЦˡ
Ǻˡ
ðظ뿪ѹʼʹСһЩصĻˣ̧¸ϳĴүҪˡظȥϺòãСڴġ
ȻУǾ辡ľ
ײ°ظӦҽƤ׬Ǯｱǳԣ
⣬ظ΢΢Բۣԣ
밡Ƕóԣ̵ġһ.Ѳѵģ
ظ߬Сȭͷ¾ȥһúðģҪǳԡ
һСʰ׵պõȵȥϵţ̯͸ţĴүÿһһأµ׸Ǯ
ţĴүæ̧ţƽʱȥϵ˲࣬ʹУΪʡͭҲǲУһÿ춼ȥĲס
СҲû¡
ռض
һһˣҲһˡ
εϳСʱû뵽Ҳˡ
֣ð̹⣺ˣ
Сӽզ緹ûԾ͵һˣ
ǾǣƽʱԹЩС硢ͷģѵһڳˬһն˵ЩҲóԣɵסԣζ
С̯һʵѪҺȻע룬ѪڣĳȣͲһٶ⡣
æңҲϽȥʣάðظһС߹Ǯ
İظû뵽Ǹʶֵġ
ûʣ߹޽ظʼߺȣ岮ǣźöŶôҪǸϲϱϸܣԲ
һϽܿźá
ظúÿС߹ޣһСģСͯдӵĻϲⶺСʮͭģִ˲ƣ
տظעתƣɿ
컹𱬣ûʱǶٷȫ꣬˵ܴߣС̯λ٣ɴýĻؼãȻؼңһҲǣɴȫҳԣͼʡ
ڻʣ߰ʱ򲻸ֻź뿪
ɿԱС̯Ľشչ׽һһӦš
ʱԶԶıŸСܹһѵôرʽ
һȦۣոҪȥϲ𣿴úÿ
ͿһҪȥذⲻǰƤôˣǰġ¸һ
Цһء
ð⣬һƳԹվڽСףǣ
ظãСֵܣظո硣
ظ˶㣬Сո硣
æӦԣǱ￴ѾʼƤԼӵģȶ˳룬ѾŵӵʹסĵͰظųԡ
˵һϷŵ룬һӳҾȲԡ
￴Ȱ˵ѾˣŵģŰظСԴ۰Ͱ͵ģܳ𣿡
Σ԰ɳԵġ˻Ҳʣ´һЩĵ
׬ǮҲ£ԭҲǴЩӳԡ
·ܿ㣬ﲻǮ¶ʮĸͭ壬ͱͷҲشҴˣ߱ߺ룡
߳ԵıԵİظһ飬Ӧˡ
ֺ˵ĶֻӲͷƤһͭˡ
Ƥ̯˵˼ʣ¶棬ĽȴҲûֳ
һ˳˳ˮͭ壬ﾭƽЩɻǿƲססһ㣡
׬ģһǮӻࡣ
ҾòСƤͼʣ˵ãȴҲˣٹһգǾûô࣬άڶٶݡ˭ܳϣҲϡϡΪҾûǶٷݾͺáϾҪٲ˯ۿˣҪǸ֮ǰһ¡ģＤĶʱȴ
һ亹Զԣ˵öԡ
ͱͷԣ⼸ǣᣬûɶǾˡ
ѽ§ڻˣǻǶٷݾͺá˯ô硣
ֻ˯ǰСվһԵСӣʰһ᷿ůǳˣ񻹲죬ҹﻹ룬ýóһ룬ƽʱǵ˯һ䣬ͷССƽ˯ܿԣ
һ׵ҹû˯ܿԼ᷿Ъˡ
͵ƣϿѣɽһͷһƫ۾ӦڰԶֱԶıظǣСֽűӵıԵ۾Ĵġ
ԴСͷһνޣǲϰߡ
ɴ泯ظš


21 
ظ, ƫͷСԹԵģýЦЦ˯ŰҲ˯, Ҹ㽲£
ظ£
˯ǰ°游, Ź, ģǰÿҽҲ㽲һ, Źº˯, һ˯
ûʰظ, ʹǰظҲ˼, ʼѹʺС, Ƚ, ŤͷȥС泯, , ƽȣѾ˯š
ЦЦҲˣۣܿʮ˯ˡ
˯˲, ԭһͱ˯ŵİظۣڰŽȦ΢΢ˮ⣬ȴҧŴû죬ȴţŸм׽
ڶ죬Ȼͽµǻ𱬵һ졣
ȻֻǶٷݣʰ׵ȸϳĴүǰǡ
ΪÿȥϵĴ񲢲࣬ԴүĻƺ󣬾ӣǵڻһʱ
ȻϧȴҲǲ̰ĵ
죬罹ϣҲһƤģΪûӣǼȥɴཱུۣǮһ룬˵ⱻӰһЩҵĻꡣ
ÿֻӦٷݣϾø
֮죬̫Ǯ֮ǰ½½ûˡ
ÿرС죬ⲻȥɴÿķġ
һʼ˼ϰˣִ˲ƣСóԵġ
ظƤӿʲ٣Ѿʱʱ˾ЦСͳúãһʰ
𱬵ĳԼСĽĿ£ȴѾʼ׼ġ
ϾһֶٺóԣҲζܵӰ죬ڹ˿ͻڣҪȫ¡
ûȽ׼ҪĵڶظҵϣͻȻſ
һСһۣϽͭ׼һ˭
ſڴЩɳƵӣҡ
ﻹûӦСϵİظһſڱȥˣ
ҲһϲɫȥţſվŵģȴǷ糾͵ĳãӹƹε֦ͷĲ˺һӣźǱͷȻŲ¶һֻ£һƬƣ룬Ȼ߳Ͷٸϻġ
ظһ±סȣҲ϶ǻҳСԴ׽˲䡣
ðţĸӴŸмллһ˵˺ü
˷ٻأҡͷŰظĸӻӱûӦʱҴҰѹ.ڰµһܾػ¸ӳԾ뿪ˡ
Σֻ¡
ظñߺԶͷС֣һֻȴǽ§ųãȻĸӸռ棬
￴ĸҲûȴŽŻݣ뵽ģȥһ˳üңԵģͭ˻ȥ˵ظ⼸հʳĹǮ
ȻûֻŵʱǴЦڻˣСӽǼ˯š
գĸȻ첻ʼ׼Ƥ׼һʱͷͻȻġ
ڰջҲ룬ǲȥ
պȥԺѯʴҴҾĴ񣬡ôˣµأôأ
Ƿҵϴ󷶴ֻһ䡰üҳ˵ҪȹȥһˡʹҴˡ
ȴһ㶣ʲʲô
ҲǽŲסſȥ
ΪԼˣ˭ңüң
üֻгúͰظǳµҪˣǡ
￩һ£ҲŻˣһסĽһȥҴһȥϨ˻ɴסƤΧҴҴŽȥ˳üҡ
üɿһңƽʱ˳ϴȥӱߣܼ
뿪յ£Ǹ֪ġ
ҵǸ฾Ҳ֪ظң⼸ȥϰ̯˴ʱûô
ûû֪
ϳüھִûأûڣظסңôǿŵģ
ʹھ¦Ҫµʱ̽ͷһüһŵֱӼг
üԺСֻ䷿᷿ſڣʱ¦￴ʱֻ᷿ͬ󿪣ŰظСߣϢһʬ塣
ʬƽɣͷպŷͷƽʱŵĻҲɢ¶ջٵݣſɲĺ࣬һֻôģĿ
¦ֱ˽ţ¦һæܳһϽȥ˷
ﵽʱԶԶƼΧ˺ܶˡ
·ʱպµصĵ㣬Ѿߵ·ģҲϽ
ɿܾû£ŵòᣬҲûµء
İظȺ塣
Ȼأȴṳ̂.ȥϾˣ֪ô£±ǣϣҲմȾ˷վڴſڵ˵ʲô˶ֻ
.ȥ̫죬ûס
Ҳİظ⺢ӣɴҲȥ
ߵ󣬾ȰظѾûˣȳ·ôˡ
شģǳĬ
ԼſڳСһģýͷһ
ƹ߹ȥվСࡣ
ֻһۣͷЩᡣ
ظϢģ˫ۿնǰ֪ģΪһ
ظ£С˫ֽųõ½ǣֱ֪á
ע⵽˸ȥɿһĻס졣
ʵû취ˣ⺢ӸɵƵģҲ˵ĿǰֻܿΨһظúõܲܰȰ
Ŀĸãžǳɵħס⺢ӡ
ظȻû
Ƕ磬û˸ֻ֪ǽ߬ųõ½ǣţĽëһ˪ĵðظСɫס
ҧ֪ʲô.ȥ
ΪĸûˣܵĴǲС
Ķɴɿظϣ￴æҴȥ¦ҽһ׾ɻҹӣסӡ
ͷǴ˲ŵ֮ǰȥֻſڡ
˴ʱۿӱ޸һ͸ϹĶ
æÿҲõԺӺ棬ܿŵˣĻæͣƣһھ¦ӷֳ⣬⺢ӱŵħסҲ뿪û
ҴҿҪ̤ż죬ǡȿ役߹ŵµĺӣǸظɣ
ߡ
ϳõҲһ㶣ǡô£
⻰ʵĽ
վո磬ǰظǰȥصТϸջѰظߣ˭֪һûˡظűŵڲҲ뿪
ֱϰģ˵ۣȴҲΡ
ƹȥ¼飬ûϽ
ʶ÷˲첻ѣŵˣη֮²ҶԣֻǱֹüҵ£ʱĿȴϣ첻ѣ⽹ҵѵʶŵˣ
ǰҲû˵


22 
ǮҵҲ, Ҳ㷵ģͶɳɻôãôû˵˵ݷʹһ
ҪˣǮ, ŵˡڣȿ
Ϊĵطſ, ԼʹС, ܿ󲿷
һ꣬Ȼûİظ, һ˳ȥ
ȫ̿
û˵¸̼ظ, ɼʹ, ոռҲ֪ŵ
ӳʬ彩Ӳ̶, ҹʱ, ʱҹ˾, ΨһĿߣֻаظ
ж
õʱﻹһжĵġ
ˤһ, Ҳмˤòӵĵġ
ͷ˵ʲôҪʬ̧ȥϸ, ĿǰжĿԺܴ󡣶Щϣ˫ŲӣǶʱʹ̡
ֻⶾµģǳԼµ, ȴҪٲ顣
ѯʣ֪Ǻδģ
ҡͷ֪ǰյҼҵд˷ţ˵ҪԶţӦŻء˵꣬һԵظסڽҡ
ȥ︣˸񸾽ϼ
ףҪ¹죬Ҳˣ˵Ŀɶԣߵȷҹصģ
ףԣʱһصģ͸ҼһģͰѰظ߻ؼˡ
ģһܿ߻أӰŵϵһ飬֣
￴һۣӦ֡ǡ
ͷתأ̾Ϣһж
ɫһףǡɱǡԣɱظǸˣ˵Ҫˣظô죿
ΪĸգپҲôСĺȥ
ѹܻȥûˣӸ
ͷĻҲóòܻɱ
ȣüﲻԣֵѵãôܻѡЩðظԣ
ΣЩظҲô죿
ɣûɱɡ
˵ˣظһСöȥܻ⡣
Ǿֻǡɱ
ɫ࣬ողȷж˫ŲӣǶʱʹķӦ
ֻǡ
ɱôܻԹԳжĵģ
ǻһֿԡ
ȱְ֮ѶڵϣٰѲ˶ĵιá
ǳδµĵģԼ﷢ж֢״ҲԽ͡
ո﷢ڣһӦǳ˵жοָףʮָָҲڣŲδιĶ
ֵǸмҡ
ʹˣһְ취֤õι˶ǰµġ
ǾԶι˶ֻܼ鵽ɺԼǻȴûС
ǺߣǶڡ
ոԼŲûŪǰҹ£߰˸СʱҲĸʱʬȫӲҲʬ壬Ŵʮʱʬ忪ʼֽ顣
ҲŽʱҪôãܻܿᷢ⣬ҵֵ֤Ҳܻ١
ԣǰ֤ιǰж
ȴֱֲ׸֪֮ǰѻãרҵԵģһӲ֪
룬۸ûκηӦİظ˵˾³çЩһظҲҪƣպܽһֻве롣
뵽⣬վת˳ȥ
ץסȴûӰˡ
ȥ˴еļҡ
û֣ǴͿԶԳǱ߳£ɹżҩݡ
пͦ죬ôô˭ˣ
ģûֱἰ£ǵ԰壬ǰظõŵ˶ɵˣӲˣ˵Ҫһ̼ʲô֪ǲŶЩ°ظ
˵ţͷпĵطװĨ۾
üͷֻ֪ó£û뵽ظ⺢ҲܵӰ졣
кܿȥҩȥ˳üҡ
Ȱʬ̧Ϊ˫ֽӲŲӣϻиСʱϸֻ̧ܵš
ڲȷǱ˶ɱɱҪ̵һĿɵ㡣
й˵һţԶԶԣȸơһţԵôơ
ɿҲиС
йȥһظǱ֮ǰĶһŹˡ
ҩ䣬ҳ򿪣׼ظѨλһ
ˣҲ⺢ӳ¡
һѨλһȥ룬ãСӹûأһɿʱ
װ֪Ȼһ
еˣѾˣԵƬ̣᲻ѡ
ӦǶŻʱװ׵Ľ飬һ˵ʬϡ
кһȥ̽
̵Ȧһ죬ˣ롭
ΪȻܿ⣬ɵ׵ˣԵܿ壬ôϸСղŻûע⡣
õһԣſպòűܿŲӵָ֣쾫׼õĲӡ
ھεصͷϽó뻹УһжҪڲãջصһ˲䣬ͷƳûɫ룬էȻһ
ŵͷţ⡭õĲ룬˵
üȥУȻ֪һЩҩⲢδڵ룬ٿĿĳá
ɴóһʱڡ
кһۣòɱ˶ĵĲŻᵼֻѳָҲŪˡ
һȥŲɿˣһڷ
һֱŰظ붼ظȻûӦ
ӡüͷȻҲǷѡ
һ⣬壬ظָûа취
ܴ̼̫̾ȫûӦ֪ʹǲԸųˣɴԼһУ֪
Բȣֻ
еͷŰظ߬ų½ǵ֣Ҳ޷һǿзֿ»ܴ̼
İظﲻܣɴͶһֱŰظ
ظĶ˻Ҳû䡣
ûõ̫õ˵ȷǱ˶ģȴò顣
·ʱǰҹҼһЪ£ϳüɿһңƽʱҲϲûκζ˯ھ¦ûǸܡ
ڳüҲҵֻҵһЩɵĻҽЩʲôĳЩ⣬ֻпŴЩҽֽ˺һӣ֪ǰڻָ˺Ƶġ
ˣһһСǾʬ壬Сɵˣûǿֻ֪Щ顣
ָ˴꣬ǻңյϢ䣬һɺܵ²Ǻ
һԵüִս׼˵վĻҽ
ʲô㣿ûɵɵİظ
ʱи²⣬ǰҹǰһһСС˯óȴʱδıԵֱָɴá
¼¶һݣѰֳαװɷɱ
һо뿪
ߺҹظڴӻ˯ҲãɴλңͿһĻСĿĸһĻܵžһֱ֡
еĶԻҲ뵽߬С֣ɫࡣ
֪ѳõ˫̧ڲϣָ֪׸ŪڣȻҩһЩЩ飬򲻿ܻߡ
ͶҩȻǹ߷
һϲֹһ׮ӣ취ʬ̧ţûзϵķˡ
۶һۣĿǰֻô
ֻǡ⺢ӡô죿
ʵǰظˣ⺢Ӿͳ׳Ϊ¶ģǸ޷ʬֿ
̾Ϣһ£ظɿǰ̧ߺòãѾûˣҪΪģԹԵĺòã
ɻشȻϢĳĬ
ﲻܣֻȥظ߬ųС֣ǷֿһûʲôİظͻȻСް㳯۵ҧȥ﷢۾ȴȻնû⣬ĥĶһˡ


23 
˱һĻһ, ڶôãСͽӲһȻҧǲ̫, ܿ۾ؼ
̫ûٳַֿǸ䡣
ظٴλָ֮ǰĶ, Сֱ֮ǰקû, ָͷǿ鲽Ϊһ塣Ϊ̫õ·Ǵ鲼ģСƤ, ô, Ѫ, Ⱦǿ˵鲼
۾һȣչȥظ, һ, ȴֲҿ, ظķӦ
ҲѪ, Ҫǲҩ, ָͷ˻ᷢףﲻڵĵطָһ׾Ҫ
ֻǾڽ취ڲظӦóʱͻȻһƳȴһ١Űظ֮ǰ, Գñֱ۵们һأֱӻλá
ⱾûʲôɽͶţͷСԿúС
˵֮ѾӲ˫ҲΪϴǴֲָǿϵƤҲѺףǲҲ̶á
Ϊݣ֮ǰŲʱֵһû̫ע⵽ɴ˿们һأΪֽ㣬ǸɹũģϷļȴӨ񣬴˿͸׵࣬ɼʹˣȴǰ𪻬ǳ꾭ı.һ㡣
ֽȻ෴ýһʱЩ㶡
ķӦпȥȲСƳѸתߡ
ҲϽϳ˳
ֻ·Ǵֲ̫죬ϰظ߬ţֻ˺һ죬侹˺һء
ѾҪİظͻȻקߵ»صУ»ָԭ
ɿҲЩľս¸ոһĻٴη
СѰײڳϣֻҪظŵһ飬û̫ķӦ
ֱõʬ屻Сܿظ̧ߣظȻϢģǰն޹⡣
ܣظжãͼʶ
⼸˵ظҲճĻǳá
԰ظ˵ΨһˣҲһССĺż۸
ֻгһһֻǰϹһΣ͸׽
ظûˡ
ϰظǻżֻɵٴȴǳͱʬ塣
һ̣žԼˣ׵ģϲҲˣǲˣǲʲôﲻҪˡ
ּƫִŲĺӣеһж¿û
ǰܵش֮һ겻ĳˣοظǸӣ֮¸޷ȡ
İظԲȴжðظܵ٣鲻
վͷţ͵͵Ĩ۾תͿվ󣬹Ƿֹ
ţûʱٹ֪ҲпɱʬҪʱ̧á
ôظӵȥͳ⡣
ظģڴＸոҽӼһҲδɣǣظȻ̫Ծ
˶һۣһӳ£ԶԸ֡
ͷȴȻ˵ɶȴֲÿڣظܾܲȻǸ⣬ظΨһ˵ϻϵõģʱظգȲ鵽ظȥ
뵽ֻһĸˣݣŲȻʹţȴš
ƫƫƽʱ̫æظ
²۾䣬ǰ̫һ⼸գÿն׬ϲǮǮҲеظҲ⡣
οմȾʲôʹУҲǰǲŽл
︣ͷظҼãҵǰðظסҼҺˡ
۾һȻһСӡ˶࣬Ȼһ
ɿ˷ģԭõ£ҵ֣ᰴҡ
ڰֻ֣ǰظ
ʱڣظĲʱҰɡ
˲쿴ȥ˵òαɿ
ظȥõʬѾŵſھҪ룬ǰȥҪظ
߸һظİظͻȻٴǷ˷裬Сް㿪ʼҧ
˵һ⡭Ǵ̼̫˰ɣ
⡭úһҪβãҪؽʮķԺģǾͳ׷ˡ
Ϊ֮ǰһεľ飬ڰظҪȥҧʱ.ֱ۰ַŵظߣҲһ
֪ǲһἰ֣ԭ費ܲ˵Сȴһ˲Ȼͣ¡
˶ͻıʸŵֱظͻȻͣ²ɿҪҧү⺢Ӹù
Ҳһͷ亹ȴûҶ
ӷᣬظȻǶи֪ġ
ֱ̧û£һֻȴǣסظᰲظﻹûТŶֻһجΣǻȥŵòãȥТ·ԶأҲŬظϣҪԹԵģȻġ㿴ǲû
Žɤԭĺӣ˵㶫
ӲŲӣһתԼϣСС֣еϤϢҲġ
󣬰ظĿڽϣͲٶˡ
ɬһЦǿסᣬĺţǻȥƤòãˣӣһԡҲԣһ룬룬ԹģܺóԶԲԣ
ظȴһֱûƶҲһֱûɿ
ҲӰظŴվظȻûиķӦȴҲû
Ÿɴ쿪뱧Űظ뿪
ͷСظ࣬
һֱظУʱȦ߽һľɻҹסӣ£ѽ
˲˼ʹסظ
ԣǰͱֱӽӸ
Ϊ·ţƽʱµظɻߵģоСԿǿ
һֱľսţȴٳ֣پźӡ
ظͽĵֿ֮ǰϻҹʱظûӦҲʼû̫ʶԵ֮һ
ѱӳ˶û
Լһڼңɿȴǲģͬʱɿ
ͷϱǸںһ°·һȵº÷һѡ
ԼйŮףԴҵġʹˣķƲֻ棬Ȧһֱġ
ȵ˽ңӷڿϣȥеܾˣѹæˣһֱŻûϨȻذɣץҪһܸ㶨
￴ӱӹţֻ¶һԴظŤͷ·֮ǰԳõִתƵϡ
е㷴Ӧˡ
ۣӦ
Ҷܿ칰Ҿʲô£á
ӦˣŷҴˡ
ˣСģȴǷ˳
ӻɴȥ˵ࡣ
ǳԹ緹ģֻǲȷظܲܳԡ
һѾָ˿Ѱظñӹãֻ¶һԴ
С֣ظֻתûҲû
֮ǰʱظΨһϤĵطظɲ١
ɿ￴һĻϽ˹ûιظ
һ̫ȣȷһЩ°ظιִֵԴιι
ȷһЩͶ뵽ߣҲе׽߸пడ˳׳׳ģظ϶رϲظðװֵģҲĸǲǣ
˵Ĺ򣬽һιȥյظߣֻȴûȻֱŽ
еͷۣ鷢չƺе΢ظ˰ɣ
ϽԺ뷨ҡظ㲻𣿲ҿɺȹˣͻᷢݵİظɲϲŶ
ظȻ
һֱڹ۲죬룬ҪȺһڣǲǿЩĵĶԡǱʶӰˣʹӲ̫ȴҲǵ㣿
룬һڣȻظһֱ֮󣬵Ƚιȥڿϳˡ


24 
ɿ, Ҳǡ
ͷʱϳү֮ǰ˸ү˵Ͻȥ
ϳĴү֮ǰûһͱȥһ, ողǰŰѷС, ȥ𣿡
ڳ, СȻû취ȥѾŪһٶƤǲ, ϶ܳˡ
ʱ߳, , ԼȥɣѾ֪ôôǮ, һЩûġ⼸ڼظ, ҳ
ͻƷ, 뻹ǹյȰظָٻˡ
룬Ժļһ, ҧҧӦ, øϳĴүһ
үҲ˵ǳõŹ£࿴ֱҲᶫ
׼׵ָھӴＸͭ壬æտһ¡
Ĺٻ, ͿظҪӿֻ̫ãϥϣֱ
Ͻϣ¹ãȴҶ
ιһ룬ԺСӿô죿
ʱҹģ˸õҩԼõҩ
ȥţȻͷҩֲԤС
Űظһֱ׷Ŀ⣬ֻӲͷƤһһ׺ˡ
ͿϥϵҩʱüߣΣͿһͿһ¡
գÿֻһٷݣʱչӡ
õŲһɿ壬ûҵг¶ѳøɱ˵Ŀˡ
ʱﲻʱ֪ҲڹעֵԹɿʱ
ŲԶԴİظ뵽ظЦŵģﲻζĻüͷ֪ΪΣԺǻ֮ǰûµ¶һֱۡ
Ų̫ڽ¡
ո磬Ϊʲôúظ׵ǳɱأظﲻǹѸ𣿡벻ͨ
Ϳһùϵ򵥣ôӣ֮ǰȥТǴΣҲ˽Ӵϡģǻݵģųֻʣ³ɱңȥ̽ķֳöԷ˵ǻ˼ǲڵģԣĿǰڲǲǳáʲô²Ż᲻еĵТйء
ڣһ㶣üѰˣһͻȻɱ˳ɱԼ͵ɱ⣬оɱ
üһƶϴҪ͵ҲѡüңɱΪСʲôģûݣҲųˣϳ˵Тȴڵ˼ңϳúԻģȻ뵽ܳѰ
뵽õֱۣԺһʱҲû᲻ǳɱɡܾԼʲô
̲סظʱͿظȻ߬ŵ䣬ʹͿĨҩȻקŲ϶ʱ˺ܴ󾢲Ϳϡ
֮ǰûãɴ˿̽ͻȻԺʲôһһ㶣ԼǵʲôˣǳӰظϱ֦һӣǸӲִ֦Ϸ˺Ƶأ
ʱͷĽģò
Ǵ˲֪ɿԼõβҹɫŻ÷ֳ֣ǻݵĸΪιѸּɴαװɷԾ
ۣɫÿ˵ᡣ
һ뵽Ҳѹȥ
֯һ˵ǣո磬ͻȻһ£ֻǡ֪ûйء
۾һ˻棿뵽£
Ŭ˼һʵҲ֪ǲǣʱӰظʱˣһģʱŻʵʵģû¶￪ûϳʱΪ˭һءҾó;Ǹ˳ˡ
ܣΪΪһ
Ϊ䣬λûˣܴһӣʱðţʱǮ۸ظҲ༸ӣһԡҲǲǸ˳ܻߴˡͷⷬص㣬Ǹӡû¶Լܡ
ȻȻûǴܡ
СӲŴܣǴˣȻᡣ
֮ųıɫΪñٵò
ʱûʱѹû¶ɿĴ񲢲֪ǸݵĲ˽ҹɫ.Ϸȴŭܵȴ֪Լβ档
һֱûóɴԿӺӣȴûˡ
׿ǸΡѸ
ֻǵҹ˾Σֻû뵽ûţȽ¹⿴õ֮±÷ֿɱġ
ͼ׻ԣֵķΧŲεҿе.ϷŮ׵ӡ
һֱڳ˼ͨüͷչ͵վ
ոôˣ
ûûʲôúչ˰ظһȥȷŲ飬Ҵҽˡ
һֱվſĿ뿪ǳŴȥʱദ֪ǲµˣɿץɱõҲ¡
Ѿǳĵ죬ͷߺᡣ
ظܴ̼ûʶҪѣ콥ҪʼˣʬžòףôңðظѺ֪ԼԼʲôҲûûԺúᡣ
⽫ԺΪظһӵʹ࣬ԣ᲻ð
ߣһ۾Ϳ֪ʱظִӴߵſڣôֱ뿪ߡ
һԼ¶һЦݣǣסظ֣ôûЬӣɲеģƼ㲡˻ѹġ
ѰظȥŰظԭ۴˿̻һƬ·˲ʲô
뿪ʱзӦʱһûľż
µòֻҪ׷ķ˺󣬺ܿˣŲڳõʱӵɿξʱ㣬Ų鼸ڵĴֺй߳͵а׵ġ
һŲ飬ҵġ
󾭹յʣڳĵ죬úͨԼһЩ֤й
˳õɿڵĸڻ´ԶǸ򣬽ʮ꣬ǻ´Ļӣ͵Ϊʱ򻹸ȥͷһʱٸˣΪԶֻһСආֻǹ˼귢ȥ˼
Զֻص´壬ȴ£ΪֵԻ´Ĵ񶼶ȿֺ£һСúá
Զ˸ҡڲظڶķ֣·죬պûػ´壬ߵһ룬պ·ĳá
õʱͷûݣҹɫֻļСӣ.Ϸ䣬СӺԣִ䱻Զ˺䣬պÿֱµļǰ𪣬ҹɫԶһʱͱˡ
ԶȴǶ˼ð¶ĵģ;ʱβȥֵеҵףٲƽɫ
βƼýӻغӻصûйļȵϨƷּû˾ǸѸϲüңȰ˸ΣʹҡǱü
ԶǱ룬ȴû뵽þȻʶִ䷢ֳõһȴøͷ֣ɴһݣѳöɱαװɱ
ֻǵһȦһýҲһֵǮĶû֮µ˻˯ϢڴСʹҴֳ


25 
Ǵǰ֪, ⼸ֻһٷƤչܻѾԶնִС
вŻ, ˵ЩʱǱŲԶվһֱڽϵİظ˵ġ
ͷۻİظ̾Ϣһ, Ǹ˵һ, ʱžͻѳõʬ̧Ѿˡͷߣ, üҲû, ̯, ŰøŪϣŰظȥҹ
ҲԼ, ɰظر, ҪŻɵɵİظȥ, ǾֻҲȥ
Ȼû, , û£ġ
һͷԥһջҪȥһӣﶼԣͷ, ֻǹײ²ţӸһ˵Ĺײġ
һû뵽һȣǲ˲ֱۣã
һСԴʲôʱ򲻺ˣ˵⣬ۿЩ죬ǰÿ࣬ǺҲôˣﲻ̡
ǰͷʱҲǮʮ׬Сʮӣóһ˵ĹײҲǸ
ֻǮȴֱóôۺ죬ϻǮˣԵŵͳû͵͵ҵǸ˵һ˵õ˵ͬþġ
ΪƤ¼ʶСһ£壬ȫѽĹǡ
Щ飬ȻûǮ׬ɳáٸϢ֮ءֻһϯӹˣʵܡ
緹ʼЩʱصֽǮóֽǮԪҲ°ظȥЩ̼ܵ͸ɴŰظڷûͷĶ
Ϊúˣ˵ǲɿ壬ɳ̫ң⼸պ󣬾óɿļᣬ˳ѰظҲ.ȥ
ֻǰظôʱûԲߣҶԸӡ
Ǯҵ⼸Ҳ̹ǳóǸʶôŽʶٲǮҾûɫ
ǰҵǮңɽԴû˺ûֵܰģҲðȻͷ
ƼӺˣǮЩ£ͲԸ
ϽҴкµģǮöǮ϶ңĳвƺ󣬸ǱﳰЦǮӻҪӿɶûˡ
ǮϺǮϺΪǮҴҲظȥǮϺſڳ麵̣ǮϿ˲ʼʹֹߥޣʲôȥظڲǾˣȻôģ׬˲ǮˣһҲⲻǣ
ޣǮҵģ㻹ҪҪ첻ͿʼƤ׬Ǯظ壬ɿȻҲΪǮӵ˼ңԺһȵ㣬ѵһӣ
ǾǣǮϺҵ⻰ɾûˣһ֮˵仰ǷˣǰǮϲãﲻһ
ɺǮϺŸǼһ
ÿʲôǮȥϣɹؼʱǮȴֻǮϺġ
ȻǮϺǮϵͷ˼ֻȴˡ
ǮϱȥǮϺϹҲסǳһǮϲˡ
ȴǶһۣζЦߣǲ¶ˡ
ʱ򣬸պðλڶɫôÿ۵Ϳһǰѳ̧ˡ
һֱҲû˵ʵѣôڶǸɴ಻ڡ
⣬Ͻ
ϲ򽻵£Ӧµ£ȥ˽ҡ
ֻվſڣ͸ƣһ۾ͿڼԵԪϽƫͷͿһ
̧ۣϽ
ˣѾ̧ˣظأظĲôˣѰظȴسüңֶԲߣÿ¸Щͭ壬ţ֮취
һҲԲ˶١
һֱҩֻǡ֮ǰࡣûţ룬Ƽûˣѹ³𣿡
óӦˣ뺰䣬ϽӦˣȻû⣬˿кѴ
ͷۣģǳͷߣҪᣬҲ֪̫ãţó˵Ĺײġֲֻ֪ģϾҼҾʣҺ±˵ǣԡܲ˵Ÿģ
һֱû̧ͷûʱһ˲㶺Ͳ죬ûס׵ĲϣãĪǰ˷·һ⡣
ԭΪҪ˵ظȥû뵽ԷûᣬҪײģϾǸûϵ㣬ʵѵá
뵽ǽӣŵŮƺôϾǶƵˡ
һֱûشΪӦҪǲ׵Ǿ͵
ء񣬸ϽӦ˶٣͵ȣģ˲鷳Ѿʸһײġ
һ㶣ûײģ
̫ȣ̲ס̧ͷպöĿ⣬Ͻƿߡ
ɻɫһ˲ȾϲȻպҲ߹ԶԶƼ
֣˹Ϊʱظǵû룬ظСָû
ҡͷû
һ̾ϢһϧˡײĹƿ̧ˣȥһ°ɣָָ·
Ӧͷǣһ̲סпһҪ˵ͨĹײľУһ־ʮôõĹײģһȺ˶ĽˡнҲһ
춥һ굽ֵǮ
ⲻһǳáͦͬġ֮֡
ʵҲ˭ȣֻǸպ¸ϣǰظʵ
ǮײģһΪüѾûˣֻʣһӣɵɵģҲɿ֪ӳãպظɿ壬ٲ
첻ѣһ²һ𣿡֪ЩһõֵǮֻһһһҪսӣǻǡ
֪˵ʲô޷ʮһõóġ
ƽڹߣһ⻰ЦһСӣͲصģҪЩòȻ£ǾĹˣռ߼Ǯ͹üլӣҪ˵ǼҴ˵ͬͬţռȱľǡ
ðˡԽ˵Խ񻰣ϵ׶ˡ
ҾϽˣǡôʲô˵һ
۴֪ദƽˣܿҲָˡ
ɿԲϷͺá
ǹֲƽʱ͸ģһֱŸǮߣû뵽Ϊλǲص
Ҳû룬ȥһ
ˣȥˣиظ°ظȥһ̸۳ʬʲôģֻûȥ
֣Ƚ䣬ظ׷ֻҪ뿪ĵطظ⼸նܰ׷
ѹѾ˹ײĵ˵ˡ
Ӧˣû˵ģȻæҪҲִ֪磬ȻǮǾǸ𣬲ǳ䵱ԩͷˡ
粻ȥϣʼ׼á
Űظֱ֮ɿ˴Ъ¡
ŽǣŰظһСüȥ
һҹɫ÷·̤ͷƼѾϵĴְײͷҲ˰ͷͰظͬװ磬ȥͳһ̡


26 
þͰڳü, Ҿ䷿ס˵ģǽʰΪ˰ڷŹײġ
úܼ, ֶûʱûдλ, һײͣ, ܹŰ籴ɵĽᣬҹԭһ, Ĵҡ, Ťֹ״, õնʱɪ
һŰظڹײǰϣǰǻ衣
, һֱŽİظҲѧ¡
ദ, ǳ, ظȫǲԸԼˣ԰, ΪǲĸС
Ѿϰ߰ظ, ºһ԰ֽǮϣݸһֽǮֽԪ
ݸظһЩﻹ߬ųǰǿ䣬ظָͷϵѾ, ɾǲɿ䣬¸ֻ̼ܾôš
СֽǮ⣬Ҳû̯ӣǳͷߣҪᣬɿȻ󲿷˼۲Ȼ̯ϣһŪãͽˣЪˡ
ƽʱʱ򻹲ЪϢĵ㣬ֻΪʡ͵ƣǺŵƣԳüߵԵã⡣
￴СĹúúõģɿҹ䣬һȥñӺͺ·Լ¯Ҳȥ
Ӧˣ֪ǸµģҲģܿҴظϡ
ϵҲֻۣŹײĺߵİظ̾ϢһҲ֪ظԺ󻹻᲻ãԺҲСǰÿЦݣҲ̫ϧˡ
ͰظһͻȻϤϤսųûô졣
ۣҲĻˣΪԶն£䶯ԼĴӣĴ嶼ʵ١
ִۣ͵һŤͷͶſű߿ļСԴġ
ǮǮǮǮҵģڽҺԺ۸ظʱ֪˭ҵġ
Ǯ󱦣
Ǯ󱦽꣬ˣСֱҡһȦѲһȦԺܾǮҵĵˡ
üͷ壬ǮҵģûͦôţǮҸ˶ӣ˵ı˶Ҫռɣ
Ǯ󱦱һ뵽֮ǰԷթʬģʱŵüŻһ⣬СҲ׾ϳúÿ·ġ
Ǯ󱦲ˣ뵽δͷõܣͷ˵ˣ£ſǴ԰׷ַ
վߵİظҲ漴վţŽֻ޹⣬ģƵǮǸӵ⡣
ǰӣ㺦ôöûǳԣԺҲҪң˵̯׬˺ܶǮǰɣԺǾʹַ棡
㣿ҾҲ㡣øǷϻ
ոջǮôôľȻظַ֣ܲµǮϴʲô⡣
ʱɿ˶æãǮϺΪ˾ǮҲǮ
ǮϿüҵ䷿˼ȰѰظͬҲҪӣȷõ֣ͰѰظƴȥŪСؤɲͳַǮϻǺĺڵҪ
ǲŲߣǲŸùԺǮҵģСĴѲһײĵҲû£ûƼײľĺ̲סҪȥ
ˣǮҶʲôǴ˳á
ֱӴ󲽹ȥһקǮ󱦵䣬ȥǳңǮҵģظҲȥң
֮ǰ̫СȻ˴»ǸͷǮǸͷǮ󱦱һģܿعݺݵģŤıǮƽʱʱƲĶѧʮʮ
С־ȻңǻŸʲôңһˣǸɵӣʲôǮ뽹Ťһ˵Ǯ󱦱Ƚ߳٣ڽɣҲûϿ
ɶԸǮ󱦽࣬СһЩ
Щº֣ɫͺ뾡ѼСϳȥһĸСǿƷס붼ŪȥΪ߱Сסûע⵽ǮĸСͶ󣬳ŽתǮǳȥʱֱӾͳŽĺȥ
泯Źײĵģײͷ·ȼֽǮĻ裬Դ.ȥ䲻úá
һ⣬ôǴˣûСһʶû뵽ǮôʱԱԭһĻ֪ʲôİظһֱעŽȿƳȥȥ
ŻˣŰظһȻ˿裬ظΪʱվ̫ԵʱԴ۵ڷŹײĵʵĵϣʱƺһ
ǰſ࣬ԴڵϣҲײÿһ£ðǡ
ԴͷһγôĿȴҲ˲ԼϽŲ̧ͷȥظظôңײˣ
ظ۶ͷһƬףýɫ䡣
СҲһǮɪɪǮ󱦣󡢴󱦣ô죿ôˣ
ʲʲôôô֪𣿡
˭Ƶ𣿡
ҲûУ
߻ûôţڧ
òУʱͿظ۽޲.£ǿʼۣȴãȻġ
⼸ϰģⲢδ룬ɿظˡ
ȼظȷʵû£ðŤͷȥǮ󱦼ˣǮŵ˺һСѰظڵϣվ
һȥ
ǮǱһϽҿΧˡ
ǮһߺȣҡиɵӣһϣǸϳȥԺǮҵģҸǳԣ
Ǯҵһη壬ʱȴ󱦣˵㻰
ȻǮؿڣֻӵģǮϵĻĳѧʮʮ
ƽʱǮҵ棬һҧö۸ˣɴ۸ףȴѧ㣬Ǯϡ
ѾֵĹϵһţһеΪǵݱ֯ģϲ£ۡ
⼸С쵰۸ظǸѵͲн
ȻﻹûϰԼСݣҲ۸С
ܺӡȴ⡣
һһһ˫׬һ
Եܺһʱž͹ȥרܺƨ.ɵϴ򣬵ʱӡ۵໵ġ
ܺˣթ
ҪȥһźͽԴ򣬽մչȥͻȻͿԭİظͻȻǷ˷һһ˹ȥһ°Ǯ󱦸˵ڵء
Ǯɵˣ̧ͷͿظۣñͻ谵ʱպһ紵ðظͷϰŵİͷ֮ǰײĺһģ˫۷·ҪѪ
ΪŹ⣬Ǯ󱦾ǰһһڵģСްҪҧ˺һӵĿֲŵһ»
һĻҲһϽڰظҧȥʱסظҧһ㻹ܷҧȥɣˣ
ظȴֻǮ󱦣ģҪƴ
Űظ񣬻һ𣺰ظѾָ˰ɣ
Ͻק˸ǮǮǻţ
Ǯǻع񣬸ϽһǮϣ໵ˣ°ظҧǡ
ɿϽȥظȻҧ죬۾ţź죬ȦҲź⣬ΪС̫Ѫ
ĿһۣոһײðظѹڹѣǰǹײģζʲôԶ


27 
ﲻζ, ȥ°ͣǲҲߣԼҧԼҲˣҾûˡǮһİҸռˣµķӣڹһڹ˼лĵط, ҪˣЩˡһĻҪ, ҧ, ƤҧŲۡ
˵ţ.ֱ۵ݹȥ
Ҫֱظ
ִͷԼİظһֱҡͷ, ڽһֱʱ˿, һֱûסҲ䡣
û, ûˣҲûˡ
Ժһˡ
ʱͷҡҡλ߹ȥﵹڵһĻʱ, ֻǵͷ, ʲôǲá
ǱǸ, ܿȴǲס
ǵ˼, ϤϢ, Ҳ͸ˡ
֮ǰһײѹеġװ֪ûˡ
ظˢȷý, ظֵ̧סۣϢģܵý
ɴǰסʱĺ󱳣ظûˣǱ˺ģǹⶪһġʱ϶Ҳһֱ㣬û취һðظúûŵģǵǷҲһšôõ·Ϊ˾㣬㲻ؼ£Ҫúõģֻúˣ֮õοԲԣ
ظûڣһֱӲ壬ڽİи῿ڽͬļϡ
ű·ͻ¯ʱͿһĻһ㶣漴۾һظѹˣ
̫ˣ
վǳͷߣҪظҹôТ裬ֻǵȼȴең̫Ծ
ȦҲЩ죬Ӧظˣֻǡǲ̫ס
ظ屳ȥԼ޻ÿ
һ㶣ǡ
Ǯһ̫˽ˣҲû¿϶ҪУβǮٽһƤ¾Ͳ㡣
ٰǮ󱦴ǸϳȥǮظ䷿õֺٰѰظȥСؤ˵ˡ
û˰ظһѲѣǰظͷϵĺףǮ̫
ȿظǵѪɫףôѪˣ˵գϽҪ
Ͻסдã
˵ָմ˸ոհظҧǵѪڰظͷϵĺͿĨһ£ٰѰͷҲĨһЩʼ˵һ
Խ۾ɵԽɣ𣿡
ֻҪ˵Ŀ϶УǮҶ۸ˣβѵԺظǶ˵ɽ𻢣һҲ˼ϷС
ҧãȥˣţ
ӦˣˣǿȦİظʲôҲҸ㱨𣡡
ǮȴҲӱҪǮϵɫǮδѪǮΪǮǮףԺֵ˺ãӲҪ̫ѹˡ
ȻûȶãǮϴǮҫˣִ˳ظθɴǴŷмھӹġ
ھӾͲǮֱ۵۵ſĨֻӲͷƤˣͷ۲ѣǮҵģϻܲ徻ˣ
Ǯ̰ǮǰƣҪǼҴ󱦶ûʲôȴܷ۸˰ⲻͬظǺɵǮ󱦸ͷǽҵġûİ˸ˣͷˣ˵ǮҲģֱ֮ǰȷǮҲԣظôͳ˽ҵˣڻܰæˣ
⻰еģʲôĶǴڰæ
ԶԶƼˣɴվվſڣɫͰĳͷҲûأüҷСһ۾ܿ
ôվǣֱ˵еˡ
ںǮϱ⽹ŵһ飬ɺܿǮϾͻ񣬸Ҫ˵ĸӵĲǣĵǮҵİţڳʬδʱͿʼ˼ҷ۸˼СģǮǴ˰Ѻúõİظڻȸ״
£һ˾ˣһһ㶣ˣɶظô£
̧Ӳ˲ۣԼɡ
ǮϾҪۣɤ
ͼڸϽͼ·ܿ쵽żһͿ֮ǰʰĺúõģŻһߣϣظ
ȷŽŹ⿴ϻģ·Ҳò״
֮ǰΪû壬ͷֺݺݵǮһۡ
Ǯü͵͵һǮ󱦣˵С۸ǣ𣿻ǸظҪҧ
ܿߵ̽ͷһһû
ֻİظǻȥĸӰѺӴĺܺãϸɸɾģʱ򲻽մ˻ҳͷϸŸɵѪͷ϶մˡ
һԾ˼Ĺײģͷ߻ûأ۸Ѫȸ״˵۸ˣ
Ǯҵģ˵۸Ҵ󱦶⻰ô˵óڣҪҪģŭ⽻İظһûͳˣ
ھǰ̽ͷһǮҵĸǱġ
֮ǰĨģΪѵı۸ˣ⻹ɥ
ǮԴӿģֲԤУ̽ͷһһ֣Ǯ໵һ
ʱĨ²ڵᣬҺܵͣǮǲ˵۸ʵ෴ұŰظҹҲ֪ظûָΪ֮ǰǮ۸ʱͼǵֻҡҹţͻؼǻ¯ӵȣǸչֽǮǮ󱦾ʹǮǮһĻӽˣһ˵
˵ʲôǰһڣӴ˼Ǯ󱦻˵۸Ǯҵĺӣ
Ǯ뿪ڣѹġ
ǮһҪǸϳȥ˵˵ԺǮҵˣ˵ˣԺǮҵķӣظֻһַˣظֳճɵɵģҾȥǾȻңʱ軹֮ǰͰơʱҶΪҪĺ󳾻ˣظȻˣȴ֪ңײͷ͡ˣ֪ܲѣһ£ǲɵҲҪɵˡأǰظļңôͳǮҵˣȥ壬Ҳ֪ظô
˶ĥȥǮϣüҵķǮҵģַ
ظպô죬⻰ûô²ɵظռ֮ٸϳȥ
Ǯ뵽ģԾǮϵĶƣ
ǮҵģֱֱǮϣ˵ɫ֪⻰϶ġ
Ǯϱ⻰Ǯôô˵ȷӦѾ
˵ʲôϣ˵˺ӸҪɵˣǮҵŸҽɣ
ʱšҴҡп˿ڣٷ˷Ƥһ֮󣬳ҡͷҡͷ⿴˱ء
վ⺢̫ãҪãҪѲԺ󡭡ײĻɵҲ˵ҪŪѣҩ
Ժɵ𣿡ˡ
У⻹˵׼ֻʱҽţҩŲܶϣãֻҩҲܶϣϾһѪԺ۾߱ĵط⡣Щ֢ڲ룬˸Ȼ˵ֻǣҩ⣬ҩǡˡ
ǮҲϽſȥһۣѯУҪõ£Ҫǰ˸ѣҪǮӣ
.ָ
塢
Ǯϵһ
ҡҡͷʮ
ˣ
Ǯǰһڣһû˹ȥ


28 
ǱǮֱһָŪһ£⡢ˣ
һ֪ǮǼװ, ε£ͷһ֣̿У壬ǮҰ, һʹȥҲѲŪ̱ӾͲˡ洫Ȼһһ, Ҫ
ж࿴һۣСԸŻһˢӡ
ȻϷ, ҲͬظѾҩ䣬óҪ, ǮǮĵǲҪ
װӵǮϻڳ, һ⻰, ɺˡ
û뵽߷ڣǰƻò, ⼸û˵ûû, Ϊ﷢ëҲ;˵Ҳ¡
ɿ, ǳ£ҲҪһΡ
мϽ, ǮҪġ
ζЦЦ⵹, ׵ģ洫뷨ȻѰãһһǶˣǮҵģǾǮһ, ѣֻһѨλȥ߰ٶѨλȥģһǮҲ֪Ǯҵܵڼ
ˣˣˣǮֻǰڣϽװˡ
һȥǮӿɾûˣ
ѵôˣȻװΣǮҵģ㡭㵽׻ûа£ٸװΣǾ͹٣Ǯ󱦶˷Źµ֪Ǹ浽Ҳǹشη䵱ҲеģһֱڹעظǸɴյֱӴߣ
ǮŵƽǮȴҲֻᡣ
һͷˣǮϣҲǡ˼ֻǣҩģ༸ˣ˵СظҲװΡ
Ц㵱˭һ˵㲻еҽǴ˺ܾãҽĿõġ
Ǯֹˣظǰ̧ȥҼչˣÿҩô
ͷһ֣Ŀڣԣֱȥӻĸ깵Сؤ𣿻ߣֱӶֱӵûȻˣ
һýһǰǮϳز£ʱһӣ¾ô˵ˣǮҵģظ⺢һ¡
ʱʱڣǮ˵ĵҲûϾⶫһҲܣǱعƣȻǱأҲпܡʮأʱͷǮҵˡ
Ǯϱһ컹⣬ȺһŰӣʼ޺ǮûǮⲻҪӵ𣿡
ļһЦûǮǮҵ⻰ɾͲԣ֮ǰ˭һֱҫ˵ǶǸбµģҸϱǮȻգһ־ǶƸôŰ°ɣûˣǳأ
Ǯϱҭ£ݺݵǼ฾
˲ʾͿ˼š
ڻعζ׼ʶ࣬ոǱƫʱ࿴һۣôڻǮϣ˼ƽϡ
ԭҲڳظȥҸҲϾһӵ׳û뵽߻û뵽취ǮϵȵŹµķӣȻôγԸҲǼԡ
պãظȥǶʮԺ󵽵ܻȥ
ͨڣе˼Ҷˣظ࣬Сʱû˵û¿ꡣδ룬ֶһΨһıӻ֮ҪŪ֪ǮҵģȥҵҵĹл˵
Ǯɫһ䣺Ҳ
ԽֱӿһھӣȥǮϺ£ҵĲܲ¶档ÿζֻ뵱ˣǮϳô˵£
ǮϺܿ챻·ɫͲÿĻǮǮиҲǮǮĵ
˵룬ǮϺǮҵһ֮Ǯ˵˵Լø⡣ḷ́ظҪҽΣҾ͸ѡ񡣵һظʱ˵ػѣʱֻǸۣѾû˸ĸʵѰ졣ԣһѡǮֱʮҲǰµҩǮǳ׽£պ۰ظǼˣˣٸ޹أȻҪǲԸ⣬ǾǵڶѡһεҩǮ㣬һʮֱ⺢ȻļˣҪԺûбĺ֢պ⺢и岻ʣҲҪǮҸ𡣡
ǮϺǮɵǮҵɫÿ⻹մˣ
ﲻ֪ǵ˼ɼȻȵǰظҵģ˼ʬδ۸Źµ£ǾҪԣ
ǮϺҧҲǸظˣʹѡ˵ڶˣպֻҪиʾðظװǺ֢Ժ뱲ǶҪǮҸ
ǮϺĬ
ǮڱǰצģǮϺǰȡ
ôѡһǵڶѡһҲǮдŵе֤ˣӡʱظζǮûϵ
ǮϺҧҧѡһ
Ǯһǿʮ
ǮҲ뿪ڣʮȴǮϺһɲҿˡ
ȥ׼īֽдŵ飬˳ҲǮһؼǮ
ȳŵдãʱţǮϺʮݸ
ӡûԵİظˣУպúҪʮС
ûʱһֱĬ￪ڣȻһﶼ⣬ɴ˳ѰظȥͷдڰظҲһˣֹԺЩǷҪظĻ˳֡ظʱⷿӾģ˭Ҳߣ£ⷿӵʱں¿ǰµ˵㣬ûھûˣǾɿӡ
ҲΪ˷ֹԺ˴ظע⣬ҲΪ˷ֹ֮ظ˿ʵ
룺У֮һȥ͵Ǽڲᡣ
ڵȻⷿӵ˵ˣǾ˵˵ظȥʮʱظʣûҩǮĸպѧá
һ㶣뵹Ҳǣʮл߸չ˰ظﶼס
źǹ
ףԡ
һ˵ҲȥʱľպظҼңǸ顣
⻰һֻǷ˶һ㶣ͻȻΪﲻʮҪȰѷӵ¹˵רᵽظںܷ䷿ӵ£ǡ֪ظΪҲΪǮֻǿӡ
Ǯȣߵ֡
뵽ÿӣٿǮЩˣֹסȦ졣
ҲһվߣԸоظһ۽ʪ⣬ŶͷϵѪգСףϽ˵ȥ˳Ӻ͵͵סظС֣߬š


29 
û뵽ô˾, ֪Ϊˣǰʵû취ܼǲðظΪ԰ټҷټɫĺˡ
ֻû뵽, ʱȴҲýůůġ
, οظ
ʱظװ, õŵ㡣
Ƕ˼ظΪпռ䣬Ķ㹻պضɿ, ﲻһ, ɿ, ۹ޣȴظ, ֻ, Ҳ㹻˶ݡ
촽һ, һˡ, ۺһ, Ҳٽݲе㡣
ҡͷһҲԲ˶٣úãοҲŲȥ, ֻǣȻˣϣܰæһθָȻǷӵĹʮպ䡣
ֹԺҲ˴ʮ⣬˵֪ûǮҲͲǽҡ
ȷѾ̾ϢһպñīֽⶼȫҲȫΪظ֮ǵ˼ɴ˰ɿҵʱǼڲİظĵԻһУҵظ֣дһݣĵԼʮ
רڷϱעֱظںſɰظԸȥ
ждõŸظйصģɿ
ҲµﲻԸʮԵɣ԰ȫΪɣ˱ģСµܰһҩǮʱҲҪʱ˼ɡ
е¶ȫڵҲԸţҩһ˶ܿ뿪
ֻʱǮϺﰵѵһ١
һֱ⣬ȷ˶˲ɿ߻ѻȼϣֽǮ.ȥȥˮϴϴ
հŰڻͿ߶һӰŤͷͿظȦسҧŴȴû˵
ˣظͷˣȥЪţջָǣɵúúš
ظҡҡͷûҿڣһ̲ס޳ûˣΪԺһˣڣǵһˡ
պöˮһĻϽظ⺢ôˣûЬȥϣ䰡
ظȴҡҡͷһͻȻ泯һС͸ͷãһһϵףֶ﷢ᣬȦҲЩ죺ظǡ
˵ףɰظôﲻ̡
ظȴû̧ͷдԺ󡭡ҵţҺܸɵģԺҡ
⺢ӣͷۣ˵ҼҲףɣֱΪӵģ˫ѾײףҲ뺰ףԣԺͺúڽҡģҲ㣬֮׬ǮͰѹѵǮɡ
ظͷţӿĵطڵϣϢģۺӣ˺ˣòˣѾˣظȥ㣬Ժúõģ·
ظþòֲ̧ۣȻҳй
Ҳеޣɴ೯ָָۣҩȥҩ塣
ظȻûΣ֮ǰ־ײͷиһЩ΢ҩðظ֮ǰѹѹ
ܿˣɴðظȥ㡣
ʱֻˣظҲ¶ˣ̧ͷȦŽͷҲģԵСѩףӹл˶٣֣µл
֪ĵлָʲôɴֱ۴ϰظģǲǺֵܣԺסҼҿɾʹʹ˰ɵöԵһ㣬ݵģʱﲻæ
ظһɿԺ
͵һۣ˰ɣȣɡ
ȿͷ˹ϵûֽǮӳ˵ȵģոڽʱ͵鵽һ棬һҲΪ˵ЩðظģƼײõܣҿɿǼǵְǽʲôţ
ʵˣ֮ǰв²⣬˴Żһĺ
ظϰˣһֱûĴ
úͰظĵǶӣѾʽˡ
ظۣơɰذͣհҫۡ˵պǣɡɸЩȴûˡ
ŰظƵĲжȴȻй¶ֺΪ֪һУ޵ģԺԣüͶҫۡ
ﲻζɴùֽǮ̰ظԪ
ظ˼Ҳ˳ܿͳڵԪС
ͷԶԶţһĻһ
һҹڶظʼװΣһڣҹ
ͷһֱصȴ׼ῴТİظûǮ¡
ǰѾ˵Ǯ˵ΪǮҶûˣҲʬδͿʼǷӵĴᡣ
ȹײظڷͷǰڻûס޳ιȥ
ҲûסĨȥᣬȽ󣬰ѺӱվһԵʹлŽͻﱧŵİظ˽ҡ
ظͷ˸ȣиҩ룬ȥ
죬ظŰ֮ǰµĲһ˯ţȣﾡľչˣڵۡ
ƴӻѹʱò̶գȴǹ˺þúþã׵ЩҪΨһļҵˣ󣬻ģҪһͣڻǵĿ⡣
ۣͿͷſһˣſͷѹ̼ƣͷĹ£Ǽͷ·ڷ⣬Щľ۵Դõò˼顣
̲סһ¡
ֻǸһ£͵̧ͷѣãȻĴһɨϣ۾˲ˣظˣ
СûôѣǰȷһȷظѣɿϽȥ
⼸û̯һʼڳó֮ǰʹ㻻Ƥ⣬ǰ׼֮ǰģŵıʼһֽŲĵϡ
±ĵϣ˵ľǻ۽ᾧֱζԡ
ǰڽСġڳЩ֮ڽ£ʼ±⡣
ⲻˣһʼֻŪһЩպüɣ±ö࣬һҹ³̯
ʱ±⣬ԸϽɾȥ˲᷿
һ.ȥͿظѾ·Ьӣվڿߣͽһ
ߣһĻһ٣ôðظֵֹģ
ô˵أӻǸӣͻȻһ첻٣װСһ
˳ԣĺ졣
Ұظܴ̼̫һֱԽüװɣ


30 
ȻҲ, ˽һ£ֵ̫
װǰİظûͬ߹ȥ˸, ԺڼҪһֱô׿ɲУ, ͸Һһȥ̯
ﵹ, ʷ䣬ﲻļң⼸Ȼ, ֪, ɲһҹ֮ɳ١
ɳҲ, Ͼ˵ظһˡ
Ҳ, , Ÿ֮ǰųСȻͬĺֻĿڱһӡ
, úһҹ֮ɳ
Ȼû˵ֱ仯ɿ, ڶ԰ظҲ⡣
Ϳһ, ظûʲôζ
һ㶣̧ͷᣬûŵʲôӹ
һֱ, ȻС׵ȾһĨȻĺ죬̲סˣϣСǲǶˣߣҲˣֵϽȥԷ㿪۳ûԹζ
ƱôŲǰһԹǰߣָ̻ǸСˣֻҪŬ׬ǮŬɻֱС
ֻǺܿ챻ִƫ
Сôã̲ס۾Щʪ
Ƕ飬ŲظҲ¾һ
ɥܿɢôǿôʾ
ҲˣͰ࣬ѾԹֳһ࣬ʹȥʱ֮ǰֻڿζŨ
ƱСȴûסһ£۾Ҳ΢΢ʲô
߹ȥȻ̨Ϸһ룬Żм±
û°ظڡ
룬ľ±ƣѾŨ֭͸ȾɫһƾζСһʼԣȼһ鵰Ƥ
ƹȻɣǡ
ˣƷҪģǳҺ֮ͷһģζ˵ѣǰҳô༦˵㲻ҵֵܣﵱ¼ң
Ȧеʪһֱֱļиڽٴεݹʱҧסˡ
Ǳ֭͸ļ˿ڣζٺһ±򿪣˵һγζʱֱǿҵĳʱȴǵһھë׶ò˼ζϮ
ζӵ²˵Ϊ֭Ǿܳʱ±üҲ㣬һη·Եĩļڳ˱ǣ˶ʳ
һ֪óԣ䣬ԼҲһ飬Ȼóԡ
ڶʳѡ±ҲĿĵģƤȻ׬Ǯ̰Բ˵±ɱˣǡпռ䣬ȡ֮⣬񲻺óȵæ취ĻƸʱÿռҰ
ⲻˣǮʡ֮󣬵ʱ׬Ȼ࣬±ǰ±ƣ±ֳɵģʱһͰ׷Ҳʡ¡
ƳζԹóԵļȻõȴ̰Ƚٵݹȴҡͷ
ѴƵǸʣһֱӳˣ֮ʹһ
ɿյͷСأ죡
̧ͷ죬
ԲۣҲǲҲǣһ̧۶϶СĿ⡣
װģգգۣףôˣԿԣ·ɵˡ
Σֻţȴů⡣
Ⱳ˵£оů˫ףڶ£ǵĳ֣ǵĶ飬û
Ƴ꣬ʣµİͼ⣬װҲҪ£ȻӹҪʱͻȻ
ƫͷֱѯʣô
׼ʱ˲䣬ѱľϵһ
ƣ
޹Сգʼ磺㿴Ҳˡ
̾
Сװģ̫ýͿһûסЦҲѧ̾԰СأԺô⣬ҪÿγԶҪ취ι㣬ѵġ㿴ǲǶͷ϶̧ͷƣҲô㣬Ժôϱ
ֻҡͷֻǡֻǲΪǵۡ
ҲˣĴô
ҡһͷֻһѾȫͬ
֪뿪ˣ鼫ãߣСزպóһ鳢ζͺã㿴һˣһѣԺҴģ˵һ飬һһֻѼҲԡ
߶һСͻȻˣ
ͷһС⣬۾ԲԲģȻ±ˡ
ڴ⼫µζлع㶵ģţո˵ʲô
ֳ̧ߡ
͵͵᷿Ĵ϶飬СôҪɿа취
ƱװѸոմС˵ģҡȷƲ֮ǵЪˡ
ڶ첢û̫磬׷Ҫ̫á
⣬Եɿ˶˵أţү°װ׷ľͰ̧ȥһõ±⡣
ΪաｻĹ⴫ķ£׷±ⶼʵʵģүȻŵһЩζûôԵ
ֻȻ٣ζøţĴүƵƵͰֻû˼ʡ
ҲֻûСţ
ﱾһʼȲظ´ҪСһǻ룬ɴһš
ǵʱ绹аʱȷľͰ⼸һֱƤ͸ϽСˣ⼸ôû̯ɲˣ͵ǿӣ
ЦŽͣ⼸£ȴûƤ㻻⡣
أͼæʵҪǽҲԲӣһ춼ûġ
ЦЦûȴϵƵģεĳʳζҲܺõġ
ʹᣬֻŵζȻ㣬ΪܷʵʧСӣǴʳ𣿡
˵ⲻԣҲ󰡣˵ˣⲻôó԰ɣҲû𰡣
Ƕһ޶ģ⡭
ͶʱûȤȴֲģûۼĲƤģվ￴ѷڵҵεӰٰļ̌ͨһϡ
ǳ緹ʱ򣬿вˡ
ưæ˵ӣҲ᲻ŽСͯһվߣϲ졣
¾㱸ʼߺ߹·Ҫඣ±Ĵ׷֣һһ꣬˳Կϵ
Ȼ±׷ʧתҪߡ
ʱʱתľͰһڣʱһֱܷûζ±㼸̼ϯܣ͵Ĳͣ£͵תľͰ⡢ɶզô㣡


31 
±ʵԵ, ֮ǰľͰһֱܷţȻ˿˿ȴΪζ̫һ㡣
һһӣζϯȫë, ˲侫һ۾ֱҲŲߡ
, Ҳͣ½Ų
ˢˢŤͷȥ, ʹ¿ˮ̫̫ôˣ
Ƥӵζƾζ˼ζ
֮ǰǰʮλһӵľ, ̳ȥһ룡Ⱥ, ͷһݰɣ𣿡
Ȼվڵ, СǽޣЦе¶ѾøУλ, ͷһŶ, Ҳ¿ͷһ, Ҳͣһ±±Ļ, һ׷Ŷ׷Ǯ
Ǯһ, ˶ˣôֱʣˣ
ϳ֮ǰƤСӺͺӣûһʱȥ
һô࣬û±ļ۸񣬾ʹһӣһݣϴεľ֪׼û
Ȼ, ΪţľͰϵתʱýĿ˱Ǳƻһ㣬һȫǱѬۣüȻ϶ˣɾǲƿӡ
ǴһԵͰʱѩ׵׷ڣʱ»Ⱦһů⡣
Ҫʱһڵ׷һ±⣬
ûסģĨĨļʮͭ壬γŶЩһٰɣһٴͳͷ
ȻмʼŶӣеȴң̫ˡ
һ￪ʼʢʱһЩѯʼ۸񣬡СӣǮ
Ѿ׷ݹȥһ룬׷һѣĿ͹ҪǮ±ʮģ±Ǯһ
һΧ۵̲סһ±û˵ɶƽһҲǮ
ȻЦеĽͣλҲ˵ˣƽһǮûİⲻˣɻ֭ء
ǾǣͷƽʱҲˣҲ˼ʲôǮˡ
ԶԶԣʵãƽʱҲʮһһ׵˰ɣɼζ˵Ҳ֣СҵĶզôóԣ
Ƥһ¶ǽڣλͲ֪˰ɣҼ汲ģⲻǼôֻóһЩʳǺü˴ӹģҿɾûζ
˵䣬һѾͳʮǮ̶ȥǰȲ¾Ϳʼһ±⣬̵ֱȴҲ᲻µٽȥڼζ·ܴӿǻ͸֫ٺÿë۾ˣǶ˼꣬Ҳ˲ˣʼƴ±⡣
һ¶ǣ˸ãڲ£ãȻǰİ׷ˡ˳Էˡ
ֻʣһ׵һö±ǷᣬͰԱҲҲͬãȻǰķ롣
ˣˡզ
Ұһ죬޲һ룬ɬĿڲôڴ±ϣϾҼҶ˼µܳԵġ
һû׷ɴʣµհǿŵ飬׷ϣһڣֻǵһȥ˲䣬Ͳûش̫̫̫̫̫óˣ
̼䣬޲ðٶȰǷ
һϽѧȳ꣬ǰſտյı׷ɾ봦ʱ䡣
öԵúñҸﻹ㣬ǰԵö׳ˡ
ڳɵ˸ϽʼǮ
ô㣬ЩڳɣЦеģһҪǾó׷̫ȫ̫󣬿ӻͷ±Ŷ֮ǰȻһֱֻһûʱҲ˼ʡ
׷۸ȷˣҪ±⣬ñ˺ȵҲǿɵġ
ȻһߺȣܼͷӵĶʱ͸˼Ѫˢһ°ͷãϵĺ¶׼İ˿Це׼š
һ㣬Ҫֻ±⣬ʮģʵ֮ǰƤʮҲడ
ôһ룬ûκԥһݣ
вǮģ볢Ǽ˺޲ðøɾĸоֱҪһס
ȱ˳±ǳ±Ҳ̲סˣ±ζ
һǴĴţҲûܹϡ
ʱ֮ǰƤҪ𱬣ܿȥһ룬оõλ̫ģɴ±ȥӻ̯ȥ˳潽±һ³Է
̱̯߱Ȼܴ֮⡣
ȥѶģû˸ϽʹˣΪ±±׷еʣķ֮һʱ˼ˡ
Ҳ뷹ȥдʱ϶û⡣
һԵƳŻʣ±ⷢﻹãСüͷվﱳֱֱͦģССͷƵģýûסŶӱȥ
Ʒ֣Сһ죬ûסקһ½䡣
żָһļ򣺡ôЦҲżЩҪô죿
ЦˣͷסûôָͷСأôô⵱ӵĶɶ͵͵սĺˣЩҲѾ׬ˡ
ûס۾ޱΨһûܸĵϰߣȾ̲סˡ
ɳ飬ý̲סģҸ˵
͹٣Ҫ±⣿ƽֵĽȥͿһŲ׵վľͰǰü￴
˵ǴŲʵڽﶼ࣬һѴֲ³۶ӴһУͦرġ
ӵû̫ı飬ᵽζȷüͷչʣµģȫҪˡ
ֻһ
ͷȿһۣͷŶӵȷٻʮ±⣬±ʮСͰ׷
ֱóӣĿԲøҵҪ죬ܸ𣿡
۾һҲһ࣬üġ
ҲˣǮ׬ɵЦó׼ƣܣȻû⡣͸ʮĹ͸׵ġ
ӵͷǸҵĹܼңֻҪһҶ֪ӺŹȥ˵š
Ƚͬ⣬Ӧʹ̽ǵĵףֱӸ˶ӣʹҴˡ
Ķӻе㲻ţֱ֮ơ
ܿعýƵţȥʵͰ࣬Ҳܰöһ˼ŵײÿ
վͰΪûǲٸ֮ǰƤһţֻǡ֪ǲǽܾ࣬ңʷһһˡ
ҲֻǴɰɡ
ܿ˶Ǹɹ߲µģһֻͰȻ⡣
ܿСģľͰڽȥ
˸ڽһֻٽֵС̷һѯң鶼΢һ䣬¿ˮָָܿһ򣬾͵ͷǡ
֣û롣
Ʋ
ƺóԹɫ͵͵۽
׽üȥսСڿʲôԴӷְظԼ㳤󣬽ȻװˣɳƺȴˣûٰС
ҡǲ⣿
һǰǸŮӣ䣺ǵȷ⣬ûأҲûӡӸոЩС̷̬ȣȷ¾֮ǰǸϼ
뵽ϣȻ뵽вƣǸȴТԼ˵Ǯ϶
ֻǽǴɻרһˣ
֮ǰϰֻʮŮӣ򵥣ٲͬǰǸġ
ʺ·ƹٹһ¾͵Һʱûƹȥǰͷȴ
һ㶣ôô죿
ȻҲˣɫ΢䣬ûƹȥǳǰۣȻŶҺվżˡ
ſźҶ
ſϤǮϺǮϵĴϱ
ǮվſڳµģƾʲôҼҶӣҼҶɣȻ׸ңôͲܼˣ
źҶֵģվ˿ã洳ȥ١
ǮϱһﴧһСտյġ
Ҳ飬֮ǰĶ˽ʮǰֱóȥʮҵ⼸û
żＸӾҪȥѧãûǮ϶УԣͰ򵽶ϡ
ӲͷƤҲɶɻ᲻
˭֪һ˸ӣѹ
ǮϴžͲߵʱͻȻҶֶˣϺͱŶвơ
΢е۷ⲻϷİɣ


32 
֮ôҲԵɵ, Ͼ̯Ҳжʱա
ֻһֱ֣Ӹ˶ӣרͻɲʱ֡
һ, ǮԭҶᣬ׸Ůĸļ, һ⼸ùΡ
ǲͻ, һҪһȴǮôߡ
Σߵ˰
֮ǰ׵ѸóƸǮϰѶ, ֱ׸ҹܿ, ϡǸϵĺݲ硣
֮ǰʱǲǾǮһӵ, ʱϾֱӻһ˳õͷʮƸ
, ǵڶλɡ
ǮϿвƱû۶, Ǳϸһ, ϾΪǰ, , ֣˵ûвƸߣȴв׳ʵ
вһ²֪ǲұѵͷʵʵģű, ľôקŶᵽſڡ
һɣвһ£Ѹٶſڣ˫Ŷʵʵ׺á
ǮϺǮϱһĻ£춼û˵
ǮϺܿ񣬰ʱϷһĴȣʼ޺ҵĶʲôﰡôͳһưҲ˰ôôҵĶɰء
Ǯϼٿֶһڴƫƫλߵ塣
ҺţҸܴۡһһͷҲͰˣʵһҲҶ˵һ䡣
ϾǿңҰ
ʱ̷ǵı飬¡
Ǯһ˿޲͵͵ǮϱһѣǮϱ۵һҲ尡ôͳˣݵġ
˭֪ỹãôһᣬвƸŲӸͣ޲ðԴԼ嶼ſڣɴŶ䲻
Ǯϳѵ˰죬һֱЦţǮʵڼٿ޲ζЦЦ
Ȼ޹ˣ˵䣿һڣǮ۾ð̹⣬װģô˲ĨŲڵᡣ
Ǯϳ̾һϱ⵱ŵ˵ĸ˲ģҵĴ֮
ǵЦȴģģϵ̥һӳģԵøǲ
Ǯϱ˸£֪զģϣԺһֱЦ滢֣һ̾ͻſѪҧ
ϵǮ˵꣬ſڣԣǶϱĸ
ǮϵȻϱҪҪ̣Ȼɿġ
ǵĻȸԶƼһĻĽĪǮϵһ
Ȼһ䣬ֱ֣ˣɹƭƭӸ£
˵գӱ뿪ĺźͻȻðĸ˸ӣֱӳһšһ飬˲ߺȰڵϣ뻮һһǳɣһ㡣
ǮϺǮϱû񣬾;ûۣĶۣһһͣôſö
ʲô
ǮϱײǮƤ΢һ㣬׹ԼǸĸƭӱƷûסſˡ
ڰڲøϱúö˼ңֱѰ
Ǯʹŭˣ϶ϱʲôǶɵҪļ
žһ죬ǮϵĻûǮǰðŵĽȥһֱһǮϳˣŰӣȫ˷Ӧ
ԶвƣԴøͣžž˶
⣺Ǯϣ˰ɣСʱҵʱ˴ײ԰ɣƢͲ̫ãҲϾ˭񷢴Ǯˣ𡣲ϱƭȣ֪㲻е
ûϡеָЦŵľͰĿЦΪûߣҲûǰ˳㿴ϷҲǲġ
Ǯأȴ죬Ҳҡ
ϣʱǩʱǮҵѹû.ȥء˵ҵţ˹ȥһΣвƲһҲšȻûҵĻ£вѾҵˡ߷ҲǮвƶһգ㻹浱һɤӾ磿֪һƭĹ˼ꣿ
Ǯʶ뽹ĲͬΪƣǰΪȡȰƵȡ
Ǯ϶ϽߣԼٴȥͷǡ뿪⡢뿪
ȻЦǡˣǮҵģ֮ǰôˣͲڲصвƣƼûǮҿ˿ûĹأ۽˻ء
вƸǱͷ
Ǯϱŵ㡭ôˣ
Цǲһ׸ôûİ
û˵⻰ô壬ǮϺǮϱʱԲࣺܶɡ
ڳǰӻ֣£Ǯ϶ȴҲûҶ
϶.ѡ񣬵һƭţ⳥ܾ⳥ʮڶѡڣʮ͵ΪΥԼȲȰĳͽ䣬첻еǰ취ġС
Ƶ֣Ǯ˲Բܶ࣬һûסˡ
֡ʮûˣ
ʣ¾˺ҳûɱ˻ʬ𼣡
ĸҹ̫ˣ
Ǯ뺰вƣɷвƱŵøһţǮϸˣƴͷʮһҲ
׼ǮһͷǷ
ǮɪɪӡҪǮϱܣȴϳһһָ˻ŲܲһŴһʱϼһ䣺ҪӣǮҵģ´
Ǯϱֱˤ˸࣬Ѹˣ١ⱲӶˣ
ȫ̸ϵޣһݣӵвƾ׼Ҳʹ̽ǮֻʣһȡʮѵȴһߣùǽȴǮҳѵ
ûǿǮʮǴһҲֻʮ
ϵ˳ʧڣſԴвƣȥչٻ
вѹҿˡ
ӣѸٰͷ
ֻŶһǽȴͨͨţεĴʽ۽磬֪Ǯҵλôô˴ǮҶһ졣
뵽ԼȥôΪƣȴۡ
յͻȻףǴҪˣǮЩˣͲǷôߡ
ǰԼһЩ֪·õ췭ظĸı䡣
ƺǸȴ־ò̫һˡ
ԭŮҲһɲģǷҪԿίҲ㣬ӲӲڣصסԼػġ
ǰˡ
һֱķӦ۾Ҳ΢΢⣬֪ϷҪǿⳡϷĿģϵĵڶرܼ򵥣
ǰ̯Ժ̾ȫ֮ǰӦģʹܻţɵСҪһ棬Ҫɳ
ɳ̣ۼ׶ֳеģһﳹס


33 
ͷ, պöҪһ뿪ӰȻǲﲻ
֮ǰǸ뷨ٴӿ
ȻϱУܻ, ҿ϶в̡
֮ǰĴ±̯ȶ취ӹеѰռҰó
Ұ⵽ͬ, ǰպ˹Ұⷷ, ɱģʣʱʮ
ʮȻ⡣
Ȼ˹, ɱȼζ, ֲ, ˭ǣϡ
ǣҪôߣ
ǰ, Ҫ̽̽ϡ
, ϾҪʧںžͷʱ, 뻽סϣû뵽, ȴһ˿ڣ, ǰܼҵҪ±ˡ
첻ѣȴܿЦˣȻжɣ˾
һ뿪, ϾһǰһΣȴҪԣȥֱ浱ǰôԺӦѲĿԼѹأ
ͣ½ŲͷȸһԶԶƼ۵׼⣬ͻȻЦˣβ۵ҲЦȻ֮ǰǮʱȻͬĵġ
»صſڣû׷Ĺ
ܼ򵥣ʱȻò󣬿ݹĺӵˡ
ſӹȥϳͷˣ֮ӽӹľͰ֮ǰѾõͭǮܿ뿪
Ǹмϵģȴֲ֪ôڣһʱ䵹ǳĬ
ʱڣ𣿡
һ㶣ȣˣ̧ͷϡ
ԭһֱ±ϣΪýԸոӽӹʱŵ
óʳԼкóӣǰ˵ɿ£εõǮһ£ϾȴһŹʵ壬ҲԸһ
û뵽ֻ˴նȴ˼¿ˮζʵе㡣
תߣӦҼҵȷв̡
ʼ£һ飺ҼԺжʱҪ±⣬𣿡
Ҳһ㶣԰ոջ벻ôлϣ˵ÿĲ࣬ҲͼʮɺôǸڿͻ
Ӵ˿̶±±ڷɣǡȥ̸ɡﲻ㡣˵ţͳ˼
ĸҲϽϣ뽹һۣôϹֵֹģ
ȴǺһԵƶһۣһζ˰
ϰǴȥ˻԰ֱӾͤ±׷ľͰ֮ǰڿٵʱѾԹѯʱһСҡҡͷ
ҲûθڲͻûţһӱǵǮҵ˸źй
ϸպЩʢһ룬Ȳ˿ڣڣȻһ·
һ׷±Ź񫣬Ĳ˶û
ڳ⣬ӻӰѱʳˣԼľͰȥһЩѾ˳ԣʣµǷˡ
뿪ֻͤʣϡԼСʱϸﵹһˮԼ˱СӸ׼һӵġ
Ϻһڲˮһڳݼ仹ζò˵ζһԣһھǣˣûȤҵӣн㿪

һĵݸƣԲһˣصǲǴˣ˵õأ
һ죺⡭ʹáһ㣬ʵȫ洫ĵ϶ѡ
ʧȴûѯ洫ĵϣȻ洫Ȼɸˡ
ִ֪ҲΪ˸ӾǸõ飬ֻϧЩҪǰ֪װʵոոǮҰ˵ǰη¡ʲôѽΪʲôô£
û뵽⺢ͻȻʳ䣬ϽסǸ⿴ϡ
ϵƽǰɣΪλ֪
Ϊ氡Һ̷ʱǱֵģǺܺµӣᵽҾţǲǸйء
ϵЦˣйϵߡɵģΣ
Ҿ㲻ǡ
üȤˣ˵˵Ϊβǣ
ͷϸΪ˻ˣǾǺõġ
Ȼô򵥣Ͽ֪࣬˵Һᣬƺô͡
ɼȻԺҪ飬ֻ֪ǵĵϸϵĵϸҲ֪
ϵû뵽˵ɣ뿪ʱϿڵضڴҴηȴΪڲȨͨԲŰȻǸвҲˣԴ˺󣬹ɵòУҲˣҲãʡ˲¡
ηʱǺ£ȴǺ¡
٣û˸۸ҡ
ȴشƽһ˿ȻֻǺܵܿʧ٣ԭ뿪Ķͣˡ
ϳЦЦٿһ汾𣿡
ס
˵˵Ĺ°㵭ڣʵҲܼ򵥣СʱҺɵĻƣҺ󣬼˺ܶӺֻۡǣҵĻȴһĪչΪºҵĵġҵֻ˺һѡһƶӵ׸ʱ˶ԷҺܶƸ˸ǺִܵɺΪҶãȥѧãҲãٻĽҲƫ˹
ֻϧǻãǾ˼ѧãԼǸˣ֮ǰļ˱ҵ˵£׸˵£ԽԽĸң䲻
ǳĴԽԽֱ࣬Է뿼ԼһܿУ֮ǰҺ룬ȻϣҵԾһЩ·ˡ
ѾüûѧûϸҪҺ룬ӦˣȥҵҲ򵥣ѵƸ񻹻Ȼ޳ܲԸһ̣ͨñһ£øߡ
ֵ߱ģǵԺС¥ʱڶ¥ģϸ¥ʱҾվͷԼһƫͷպÿõϢĺ˺ҵһԼǳªһ汻˿һԼˤȥôԼˤˡ
ͷȴҰ˸Ūģ˻ƫ̻ƫƫǺԼˤԺȻ
ֻ£ֻԼģΣǲŲܡ
Ҳ£һ²ңƽʱҵ˶ģ¸
˵꣬ԼԳЦˣƣ˻ʱǷη㲻ҵԸԼԿ֪Ǻˣȴôֵñˡ
Ȼֻһ֣ȴ
ѡһ֣ӳ⡣
ϣֶ̫ͨ͸ýһ˲䣬Ϊһ顣
ĶҲĶֻ⡣
ֻ˵ȡϣܿȴǸ⡣
Ƚͷһƫƣ뵽Ի۾һ


34 
ҲǸϵ, ´ᣬ´ϲס
ɵֲ㣬һȦ԰û, װʵ⸮ô, ô˰
ֹһˮ, Щ߻شˣԺ, ˸, ϰ̷, ڹˣ˶žͲ̹, һûõٻ, ֻмӸš
ǼʱȥַЩ±, Ȼ⡣
ѹ۵׵Ĺ⣬Ͽʼ˵ÿδʮ, Ȼû, Ǯô׬Ϊǳڿͻϸ˸ܹļ۸һ˼Ǯʮһ㡣
û뵽Ȼ̸ɻô࣬һټŲ, ÿҪʮģϰġ
мַϵˮ
ϳ˼±⣬ȻÿڿʣҲá
뿪ڻȥĵͷϺˮȵò࣬ͻȻʯʣŶӣȥéޣ죡Сȥȥ
һֱţʱ˷Ӧܽ˵ʲôģӦȥġ
ȻдãžܣǡʲôͷͰ͵ģҲ֪éĶ
ǸˬʵģԴЦվպҲȥˣҴСĹȥûɣ
Ͻ֣Ȼû⣬ֻǲ̫鷳ˣҪҡ
ްﻹЪЪͬ⣬ʹ󲽴Сʯ·ǰߡ
һСԶǰͷϵӰСŸȥڴڨҵǼҰⰡС˵Ұɺóˡ
һ㶣
ֻǿ۽ȴ۹û˵ʲôǶԵģȻû˵Ұ˵ȷóԡСʱǳԹģֻʱ̫Сûӡ
û£ǺģٻҲ꣬ȻǼҲ˲ʮһҰóǺóԣǲԣϡȼܶ࣬һһġ
ҲרųҰ̣ϾȻ󣬿ɸ治١
˰ʱԿϡߺóԵġ
Ҳ·ʹУԶɱһ棬ڶҰѰԻһ㶼ɱ֮ڵأԼʹԶ;˹ҲˣζȻҲۿۡ
ΪЩԵɣҲʹͷ
Ŵ죬ź̾˿ԭҰô󰡣ˣԭһŸҰ⵱±ϣһɱ̫ߣҲͲˡ
ϱĵıһ٣׽ؼ㣺ţ
ͣ²ӣתͷŽ
˿壬ûͷ֣ôˣ
ϲ֪ǲԼˣ㡭֪ļҰÿҪʮȻҰ±Ǿÿռʮеġ
ͷ֪СصĵǰһԵԻ˽ͬŪ˸Ұⷢͷ֮ǰСؼҳ£֪Сأշһ£˵ҼҪ±⣬˸ṩûҸ˵
ǿѹͷļ˵Ի˽Ұ⣿ôδ˵
ҲԻ˵ʲôƲ¶ϲûиǱ·ãϵطҰ̫ѹûԭҰôһΪһ
ͷСã.ܰһλԻ𣿡
㡭˵Լݲ͸¶±˵ϣ˵Ҳû
ѭѭգд̸ҪṩҰ⣬ҡҾ͸̵չۣʮ̵Ľ۸ʮһô
ŵˣ⡢ǲ£һֱ˵ռ˼ҵıˣͬģ˵ˣҶӦԻ岻˵ˣֻ͵͵Сأ˵һˣһӣøҼǣϣñ˵л
ϲ÷λᣬҲҿĻԵ
Ȼ̵ȷڲغţ꿪̵Ķˣ⾺ʵôҰţɡ
ߣﲻˣȷԽˣ̽ϢҲ
֮ƵĵͻƿڣΪǲǣҺü˶ɿ壬ƵĵһǼǰģˣбύһЩϴ̽Ҳпԭ
˵ֻһ翵ˣϾǴ̽Ҳ̽
ֻҪóҰ⣬ϾԻţҲ벻һƳĲƾձҰ⡣
룺ȷƱȻҲš
ļ⣬̵֣̾ƱҰ¾ԲҲԲ߱ǣߣģĴߣⶼɱۣҪǲԸ⣬ҿ԰µǮţպһǮ϶ˡ
˲ǮֻС뷨أȻԸԼ
ϵƷŵùģȻģǾͲ˵ŵͷаɣ´λСأҾ͸㡣պҪСͳԵģ͵͵ܿңҸ
ȻûɹĿġ
ֻһԵȫ£˵ģΪɶҶʱֵˣ
֪Сؿϣȥé֮ͻصߡ
Сĸǣֻ뿪ʱ֪ǲǴܾȥһéޣô˶ӾȻô飿ߵʱһġ
ƸߣǰŤͷۺ濴ƣ͵͵ס֣ģգգۣȻͷ͡
Ҳѧգգۣá
֪Сظ׽һЩϾСֵġ
ǻص̯λм͵õϢȴֻֻտյľͰСӣ⡭û˰
ǸЦЦһ˼ȫˡ
Ȼȷջʱ뿪
ȥϴľͰýƺúôűܣȿӦˣűͰ뿪
ûһһ˴Ҵܣȵ˽ǰտҲ̯ӣԴſϵСֱۣ¹Ҿ͸Ϲˣû뵽ǳˡ
Цеģոˣһݣ
⼸û̯߲֪ҲȷȻҲû
ȻӦˣ֮ǰʱͲòУǱЩ˸ˡ
̾ϢһȥһС⽣ڽ棬Ƶľ˲٣ģҪ˵һʱ䣬ҿ϶ܸϵġ
˵üļ䲻֪뵽ʲôüƺһ˿Ȼź̽ͷո磬óʲô𣿡
ҲҲ˵͵͵ýսЩʵҲûʲôЩʱҲᾭҲῴЩֻǰ֪ͨˣúǾѡ
˵Сģ⣺ʲôѵʲôĴҪ
ҡͷǣǡˣƵЩʱЩ˾ҲϢĲʲô٣ֻһЩٱһʬؾ;ѡ
ˣ˭ûˣ
ûţǳһЩҲС֪ݣǸﷸǰຮ֮صǰЩʱûˣΪҲȷɱûˣͷԣһҪ˵һ·
ȴö˶˵ĲóȻ˵ȻС̷˵רǿﷸ䵱ѹո磬˵ˣǲǱԩģո粻ᣬǰ˵ģ
ҲѹõͣԩԺ˵֪УؼҲ֪𣿡
һ㶣Ϊɶ
ǰıİ׽ֻಢǰȴ˵֮Բ˵Ϊ׽иǸ˾˽һľӪѵֵܣҲ˵֮ѣһǲýպԺ˾ˣǲἰ󴥼˵¡
Ͼʵǿϧ
û뵽һ⣬ӦˣֻǸ棺Ȼԩı壬ôֻǷ䣿
û뵽⺢Ӻôأ붼˵ˣҲһ䣬һԴʵ˵Ҳʱ׽ǹܳİԼֳ£ϲֱ˰׼ˡǸԵģֱ͵͵ȥһһ˵ķϵһѻԼˡҲ֪ΪΣϾ˰׽һɿຮ֮أ׻ûˡ


35 
û뵽ֻʹ, սЩո磬㲻ᡭҲǴӾİɣ
ǺһԴϣ㵹ǹġ֮ǰõ뽹ἰ˹Ȼ罹һ㣬Ƕˡ
ոô˵ȷඣ
Ӧˣ, ҵȷǾģȻ˸֪һЩ¡ռҳĵմ, زǱػ߱, ռһòĺ塣
⼸곯Ʊãռ, ֪պһߴһ, ռҲֲ˺á
׼ּĹĳҲܴһ, ȫǰ˼ǰ, ôһ, ̳游²ӵʼ
ʱһϷ, һõгһռҳ, ΪռҿΨһ漰µΨһռ, ҲܱӼܴĺ󱲡
˵׳ңȴҲǲ֮һ塣
ЩûҪ뽹ͣɽȴĬʱһ˲ӿϵȻ̽һ
û˵ģܿ⡣
Ҳû˵һ˵ܣʱСദǸϵ, ǽҲ˵һ
ܿһС⽣뿪ǰ͵.һж֮ǰΪ֬żȥûɣβ㣬ɱ˵ġ
쿪һƣ⡭
ѾͿһļûȽ˵ˡ
Ķ
ʱֻ⵱ڶѡ
ԭǺͽһţΪ˸λ˵ĻһţʱһȥԹãСֱֱͦġ
͵һۣٿһۣȴ֪Ǻ
ͷô͸ƳƵСһ֣.ֱסƣСأ͵ɶ
׵С΢죺Ǻ
֬Ϳġ
ưͷתСϣҪͿ
ʲôϽͣϹ˵ɶǸͿģң͡ǡ֮ǰҰոģˣȲ˵±˵ȥȻȥ˵
ⶫȻܵ˵ͣҲ塣
һȻû
Ѿΰʶڵңһ˻ϳĴү˳
ȴûֱӻȥ·ָһ⣬Ϊ⻹û̸£ﲻ֪£Իһʮġ
ʮ˶Ǯպóţɿ塣
ʱţĴүΪڿͻСӹòΪżϳȵģֻǾǰɿ廹бļӲ·ʱԶԶƼԶٵϣһʻ
ϳү̲ס࿴ۣҲȥ
ֻʮ˶òķ̣ųìΪ׵һͷһ߹ײġ
ǹײģ֪Ϊν֮ǰĻײŵĲǸ׽ɣ
ϳүû뵽ῴôٲŵøϽһӣţٶȥܿʻӵ·
һԽԽԶҲһֻһƫͷͿߵһɫЩףָҲĿڡ
Сôˣѹ
ҡҡͷû£еΣؿڱûšҲ֪Լô£ǹײģһܡ
ŹײģӦǿײ֮ǰĻˣǱˣû£ȥóԵġ
Ҳˣɴӻλã´¡
ףѾո俴һˣֱۣ˴ӣžû
ȷû²ɿǻȥʱչʱûã඼˵أ˲࣬Ȼŵ㣬˵Ǵʳ⣬һ˼ҿ϶׬Ǯ󰡣˭
ζš
ΪظǵûƤȥӣӾͲùǲܻŲԣﺢӲȥ
ſڵǺ徻
ǰظˣСȥЪϢ뻹ơ
ŵȷѾްȥéܳȥé.ȥռ䣬ҵһ˺ǳ¾ɵĴƿӣûбӡ߱ģ֬װ.ȥ
֬ӦǼõ֣װƿһͲҪ˵ļ۸񣬻Ҫαװһ¡
Ƚ£͵͵ܳȥһȦֻ
պó𣬿ܳȥô
չȥر֣ǿɾȥ˵㶫
ƽʱÿ׬ǮǮû⣬ʲôظû
ƸûУûСҲû򡣲ȴһõĶ
ţﶯһ٣²𣬡ʲôơ֣̲סһ֣صġ
ۣͿһôÿĴƿӣ˵ɫЩͷһ㶣ӹɵȴ򿪿Ķᣬ̲סһǡ
Ȧ΢죺֬ɵĸ˵ܱˣҾͭ嶼ˡ
۵ʪ⣬֮ǰҪֻһֱûҵյ´һҪǵãͶӵ͡
ϽۣΪƿŵȷ¾û໳ɣرһ½ƵͷǺúӣǳԳƬͷ뻹ʲôóԵģȥɡ
ȴûߣһֱ͵͵۲콹³һȴ̲סůůģȦҲЩ΢죬֪ڴôõ˼϶ܰˡ
ΪҪ𣬽ЪˣڶϴȥéʱӿռҵǿҰ⣬ǰһ飬ܿҰȻ¸ԭ
ֽסһڹСǮɽȸϹĿƷ
ֻȷҰ⣬Żɸ
յǵ̯λʱ͵һȺˣϢȴûܳϵģΪʢԣǵհںһľͰ̺Ǯ
һСæýŲأȿ˹ȥɿϽСι˼ˮԼźˣСţǸϽЪЪ
СĸϽʢСĳԵòʱϳ߹ˡ
п˱ͷԣһ̧ͷϳϵģûǺϽƴŷȳϽˡ
ô
ϰһĻ̯λǰһվŻ㶵ˣݣȫҪ˵ţʮǮĲˡ
ﱻקקϽ񣬸ϽֻʢʱʢһЩ±ҲһЩ
Ƽ䣬ȴûʢ꣬ľ͵Сȸ͵¥ϷϾһȦ͵Ѹٵͷ»ᱻϿϱ׸
⣬ȻûΪǶ棬Ҳģýƹȥֻǵû˶ȥʱǶ˶ʮǮǵҲЪЪţŻ
ͽ⣬Ӧˣȥ˲¥
Ȼǲˣƹһ̴ȥ˶¥һϷһأվһ֮ǰǰŮɲģŽɸλˣ


36 
ôż, ϣȻżȴ̲סŽĶɫһƾ·±ϣһ, Ϊպ̵ķչס
ǲż, Ա߳Աġ
, ǳһһԡ
ҡͷԹˡ
ûٿҲȷǶˣܿͳԸһɶ
ϺȲĹ, СǮó, óֽһ, ݸϣλҵģ˵, Ƶ, ̸
æù, СͽӴ⣬һ۾ƳȷҰ, Ұ, õǰ⣬ʽʵеԣζǲ
۾ð⣺ôܼλ壿
ȴҡҡͷЦе, ֮ǰҪϸ⣬ɼȴߣƽƫˣλϾĲߵ⣬Ǻܶһ𣬶ǹ̶ңߣ»⡣
һ㶣ǲ
ҡͷȻǣ˵ˣɰҲǲɣϾ˭ҲŰ׻ӲҪȴҪؼԼ
ɿֻҪǲУ˵
λ˵֪ԼݣӴҲܴ̽ÿ͵͵˰ҪķݶҼҺԺԶǸĿյ£רһ̶ʱȥãҪܿˣй¶١
ϣȻû⡣˵ͷͷеѹỳһģϵȷҰ⣬̾ˡ
ڶõʮһˣһƱҾС
һ㶣û뵽Ȼ˻ȸʮˣͲ¡ˣ
ЦЦȻ£˵̻ͦҲ˵ģˣҪǻ治ں
Ȼƴ֣ɻͷһμģǵأ
ֻṩҰǰ⣬ӦޣܳԶ٣͸Ͷ٣Ҫǰһա
ϼֱ𾪣ôõ£ǰõģȻֻṩвģ
ϾȻܶ˼ϲһĺ⣬Ұȴǹ˵⣬Ȼϲʸǰ⣬ֻ׬
ѹסС𣿡
Цеģû͵͵һŶܸģǵСܺ𣿡
ѾģȻûȫŴôһԻȻû⣬ϾҪٽˮ𣿡
ڲʮ̣ЩٵģֻǱϾҰǮ󼸱ȿٶ´Ρ
ûȻԣҪʱȥáɱ˵ģʮһʱֱӰѶһҰＴɡ
ףģû⡣
һԻԵҰǶһҪĶ࣬λҪļ۸һٰʮһΣ
ףȻû⣬۸ܹϾͨļʮһ࣬Ѿܻ㡣
οṩȫǰ⣬ȫûйͷÿٶռʮҲ¡
̸֮󣬽ˣʹ뿪¥ȥ·ϿһֱǿЦЦȻؼ˸͡
ȻܺƵϣСҲû⣬ȻҲһףѸ֪ϵԻʵ˾ǰǼҸģֻܾˣñ͵͵ɡ
С.ϣ϶˵ҲֻסСؼ֮꣬󳤴˽ѧǾͲúƣʱ϶׬ǮҲټҰ⣬Ҳᵣı֡
˾˻ἰ뵽ģȽƻص̯ӣͿǷԵȻѿɸƽʱģྶͥһ򲻺˼ҲƵƵȥôԼҭˡ
һ룬Լˣǰæ˲ϳԷԴӳԹ˼Ƥһֱţ±ⷹһγԵԺæԷҪġ
Ͼ廹ǺҪġ
ǴⳤһģϿ˼ǳ˳飺֮ǰ˭æԼεģʱզûǵҪ
ϽĿ⣬ͿһȻ˼ɻǰһԵ˵֣ˣһ𣿡
Եÿ죬ϽתߣԵġ߽ӹ߸Ͻʢعž涺ǿ⣬Լ붼ǿԵġ
ֻǵûסҪ˵룬ҪԵʱ
ﻹûס׷ˮǶǣǲǡˡ±Ȿ̣¿϶Ҫˮʱ򡭡
Ϳһлѡ
Ҳ֪˵ʲôãպʱŶƤͷһθоѵĸоͦã֪ǲĨ֬ոմսǮʱᵽ
ϽһԵһˮȻعŷСĳ
ƣλˮ
֪ǲˣܾøոƺΧᵽһ˿ͬѰĸоѵ참ȴ൱
ԣô𣿡
ҡͷûʲôӦˣϾҲô˵Ҳ˼ģƳʬǳС̯ĳʳˡ
صңٴδʮ⣬ĻҪûҪ죬뵽֮ǰἰﲢûж
ʮŶٷ±⣬һݶʮģһٸ±һʮ׷ɱһ׷׬ģôһ㣬־Ȼ׬϶ӡ
ǱƤ࣬±ȴǱһƤ򵥶ˣ׬ĸࡣ
ԽԽԽá
ȴ͵͵ţˣĳɱǰʮģ͵͵ʮһҲǱ߰ʮģҰٽﵥһٰʮһǾʮҲ˵֮ÿõʮ
һ¿ɾǡǧӡ
ͷһξãǰᵽָտɴ
ڵʱôƱǵ׬Ǯ˵
˯ʱҪ˯˵ҪСؽ£СϵͦãȻû
¾Ϳʼ֮ǰõ˵Ǻơ
ںڰ˳˳˼·ʵ˵ġԻ˾˵ѣ
ںڰѲգۣ԰ȴö˵ҲҪţ˵ˣҰһæҶʮǮʱһ¾ͺüģܸḺء
СȭͷҸһ𣬰㡣
аҲȥԺңҪĿģôȥԺʱ͵͵ȥԺСʱպ׷ʱһ
СصʱǾ˶
һֱ
ֻźڰСҪģѱҲ֪Сػƭϼ꣬զôأ
һ첻ϴãȥéޣƵԺӹȥ󣬳ûˣʼӿռҰó
һʮܿʮó


37 
Լʱһ˳û, ʮķ಻٣ڹĿԣ컹ûֻҪǿܿ
Ͻҵʱӵʱ, ΪԭǽҴģǮ϶׸Ϊ, ǰשɿĴͷ, ŶģҪֻܾҡ
ʱΪķ, ɿ, ȻС, Ϊиѣѡ˲, ȴ⡣
ש, ѺԺΧǽſѽ, ӺԺͷһǱֻͨѣпѵƵ, Χǽָߴܶ, ޷ȥ
Ժ治˻ڴǰΪ֮ǰԶڼγ壬Ĳɿ塣
οҪˣҸ, ˲
ҪҲʱ㣬˵ѡɿյظպǰͷһ۾ܿ
ζ⣬һֱ±⣬Ҳ֪±͹Եڵʱûġ
ԶɵͣҲ취ط
ȵʱѾкüǧ㹻һСӣȻͲˡ
ӳʮعסȴûߣа㣬ȻмĽŲˣܿ쿿ǽ⶯ӽ׼õ
һקһϡ
Ŵӹ̽ͷǰϵԶһֱʻˡ
ǰӶûС
֣㶨ʵҲóҰ⼸࣬ҲģܱŪֻһģһҰ֣ϾôòҲ˶룬ҰͲУҰȻ񣬿ɸͷһģһΣˡ
Ȼмң񲻹̵£ʮ̣ʮʮصҰ⣬һҲͷָĿ飬Ӳ̫ԡ
ϴϴȻСԹԶ룬ʢ
￴ȴϻ̲ס߶䣬ظôҲŵ㣬һһ¾Уæù
չȥҲ룬ͷ۾ģСвסһˣҪһ˯ţ϶Ҳæ
һСԴʢ÷ȥԡ
ƺͽԹȥһݣ³һոһֱ񾭣ˡ
չȥģﲻỳɵġŶﶥ̰˯Св̰˯ģ
ȻܶСܣ˵Ͳʡ
ðԸ¶á
Ƚ׼׵ʼȥʱǱѾɱǲûаеҰŪһҹϻǰͣ뻮һóҰ⣬ӽĵڣѸ뿪
ƹͱ֪֪ͨǽˮҰ⣬ϽŵĿһ飬еľƣҰ⣬Ӧ
ȻѾȥһ˻٣Щ󻧣ſʼɹһ󻧵ͼɫģҰ⣿ôֻô㣿
ƹЦеģû취ҰⲻŪǸɱģʵģοǴǰ⣬ʽʵζԲһܱģһ飿
ƹڸյʱˣȲѣԭΪǹ˴ҹ߸ãû뵽ֱǸɱʱӡ
ȴڳɣܼ⣬Ҫ˽ҰĻ
ƹһͶһֻ飬˵̲٣ҲǽͷβңٿȥβǼңҲһˡʮһȥɾûˡ
ҧҧǸʮɡܼҸǮ٣ĵʱҹܼ档
뿪󲻹㣬Ͳʣ飬ĺܿͱϷ֡
еõϢѶģûˣϽȥֻ̣ͬŵĸǰӡ
˻ţ̯λǰûһ۾Ϳر۵ϾڵĵطӦ֮ǰų±Ŀ˶˱ᣬһ߾һһǼʮˡ
Ϳһ۵״ЦǺ˰˰ɣ
ٽҲͷֻǰȣʮңغô˿ڣЩһ㶼ΪһңӾͼʮһңÿնʮҪ
ϾǹŴЩһٷʮˣȴ֮꣬͸ˡ
ʹĸжʮٽԶԶο˸ѵӯ˼ңҲܣŲĴмٻԲġ
еĴҰģһͷֱҲǿɲܡ
һͷҲǶٽʮ̷ͷҰʵŸǲû̫ôṻ
װʲôѾǣСܹ¶һЦ
Цпôˡôԣ
ϻع񣬸ϽͿһûʲôǾѩɰ;ûϲະһ
һֱŻСʱʮ⣬ûסۣϰϣΪ˳ԿС±⣬ôǼҺ𣡻˵ÿһܵһԣУģ
Ȼô룬ȴû˸Ҵȥ
̲סЦˣ˿ֻǻҪԵһ
ϰ֣ްް֮ⲻھưƫƫ治ֱ׵˵
ϱʾ񿴵ʵ٣һֱӵ⿪ݣԼ룬ʣǷݵָý͹ȥ¥ԡ
￴ƣҲֻǷԸȥء
ȥ֮ǰǼ¥Ϸһ.ȥȲڣڻǵѹˣʱˣ㿴ܲܡ
ϴ֣˫۷ŹŽСһް㿴ܸܲλ˵һ˵ٶ׷ӵ㣿
ȴҡҡͷǲУ˵ٽﵹû⣬ٶͲˡҲȳ̫һ̷ָ鿴ʲô˾Ҫ⡣
˵Ҳ벻ƾձһģһģվ׼˵ʮʮ಻١
·ãܿȻҲƽ
ǰǣиȡ
ϼǡ׷ӵһһǧ
ҡͷ˰ٽ
ϳ̾һ⡭ǲ̫
ϡΪܳá
Ͽû취ֻӦ¡
ͷȴ̲סСžžģ˰ٽÿһٶ
һǡǧ
¸̸Сһˣ
˫۷Ź⣬ѹͷļȻһǺðͿһ뿪ǰ˳˾䣺ŶˣҵǮһﰡ
ҲˣҲ˳˾䣺塣
ѾҪ߳ſڵĽһģŻͷ١壿
ʮһֻһٰˣȻֱһʮģ
ĺ˰
ǲǡˣ
ϻ񣬴Ų͸ζЦЦϾҰֻǶһǰ⣬омƷٹϡΪ󣬻ϺõǰȣЩ󻧲ŲЩ
л㱻ȥãԼĻǲݡ
ʱΪɶҪʮģӦöϡ
ڸ˶˷ƼƻĲѣôˣ
СԴһСذҡʹԭǸʮʮҲͶˡ
˭֪ϴһľֱʮģڣڡ
ֺܿͷһ£ⷭʵҲ׬ʮ֮Ȼܸ࣬Ҳʮ˵ֻһ׬ġ
ǣһԱȣҪɱһʲôҲǾʮ֮һٶ
Ͼģƺ׬
˲䲻ʹˣãƵϲϲȥ±⡣
ƣ
м䷢ʲôΪͻȻʹͻȻֲʹˣ


38 
, ֮ǰķǰȥԺΧǽĿѱÿóʮҰ⣬ϷԸǰõˣַʮ̡
ʱͣһ̯ŽƷֱȥ˽ҵ, ٴȥݼ˳á
̯֮ϵû, Ƚʼ̹ĵʮһ, ǸյԶԶƼٴγ֣ߵ±͸վԶԶ, μ
Ҳ, ϲЦտ, ֻڱ˿ȴǾҵԽɲǲʹŻأ
ȻǸ˵, һȻ߶, ԴҰ, ǻ𱬣ûֻܹӦʮ, ⵼¹Ӧ
ɼʹ, ҲΨһܹôҰӡ
ܶŵĿҲ볢ʣԲֻǹͣкܶ¿ˡ
ûҰֻͨļ⣬ʮգ˱, Ѿһȥߵһա
֮󻹻ߡ
ƼһޣϲЦտרýһȥ˲¥
߸ʢи̲סֹСӣҵƺ̯ӰÿζȥͣΪͣʱﺰǵǼ½֡
ﴹĻش𣺡ġ
ѹСЩҾðɣϾԲģǲǿС̣ȥӰ
ոպÿѵһ˵տ䣬ûסһģϽڣϹ˵ʲôأ漴ĲĪģϲ紫ŵǰ㡣
ЦЦģáǸˣ֮ǰרܼȥͷںſһĻʱˡ
ŷģոһ˵ˣʢĶĿ̲סĶƶȴֺܿתߣתȥŶӣֻҲ֪ôģոЦһ£ܾû֮ȥ
ǰû֣˳á
ԲԣӷԷ
ʼĬĬĬһôܺŮò
Ѿϡϱ̡ϲЦտӻͳһƱƹȥ˵һԴң⺢ǲʶã㡭
Сùʲôأ游ôŹʶˣҲġϿǳ˻ģרѧ㣬Щ˼ɣ˵ľǴ󻰡
ˣȴǿ͸̣ʮǶʮľ飬Сƨ
ϿƱⶺҿ㣿
һǧپʮƱʣµĶǮʮͭǷСǮ¿еʱֱȫӽռ䣬Ҳ֮ǰ˵ÿʮĵǮΪͣһ죬ԾǮʮġ
꣬ЦпϣȷҪң㿼꣬Ҳ㡣
ϻͷһҪ̼֣ˬЦ԰Ȼǻ࿼ҲռˣˣҪӮңҰҰļ۸ÿģʣ¶ʮλ廹СⶼɣΣ
ѹŽӮ⻰˵˿򺬺
һۣ±Ŷ˵ŵʱԹԵ޹ȴ϶ø֡
ֱ˵һý㣬ڻĽԣȫû⣬ϸͣͱһ֡
һ㶣۾ӷŹ⣺԰Сӣһ
һҲ˵ģȵЦˣҪ˵ģǲǲǻеˡ
ȻعŽ۾ð⣬ǰ˵ʺϵģľǵ˵ϣ
һֱ񣬵Ϳһ㿼ˣǲǸˣ
ɡ˻Щѹû˹СʱɱС̣Ǿžģδʧ֣Ҳ硭
ʮϾƼĽЦгʹһɱϹһѹӣʼţŰһöӣöӣö
ϾŽʼߣһöööӣô򵥣Ǿôһ飿ⲻǸѰһ
óŵС̿ʼȽŵʮѲٷŵʱǾһЦ˵Լ֣СҲѧﴽһЦһֱһѶÿѱǰһѶһһֱӵһһöЩһҪöѽ
ϲŽһ
±Ž˵ɶ㵽һ٣ٿ죬ûһҲ
Ҹոտ̾˵𰸵Ŷ
ϣѵҪһǰͷһ麹Ž
ҪȻӵ٣
ϣˣøˡ
ӵһǧ
ϣͣͣͣһһٹҪܣҧҧҾ䡣
ûκγɣǧʮϾô򵥵ʽһ׾ˣȻռ˺ı˾ˡ
ϲа㡢һ㡣û̳ɣʼС̲رȱһ㻹õʱɵȷǸ֣һ³Ž
һ޹Ц
̿ˮԱߵ±ѾˣͻȻöˣȻˣֱ޷
Ըķ䣺ˣ֮ǰӦģȻ
ȴҡͷȻ˵һٰʮǾһٰʮģԴӦһ𣿡
ȴӲ죺ȷҪһʮģһ˰ٽǿʮÿհ̯ҲǶӡȻʱҲֻһ˵ѹûŽİ쵽ȴһѣԺϿҪţǺ£̫ţɲǡ
ģУǴɣգΪ̫С
һֱעϵ̬̬ı仯ɿ֮ǰϰһѣı䣬һֱôȥոĲȴ뵽ᡣ
ϾҰ⿪ʼ𱬣ⲻۺ죬С̯Ҳᱻ˵ǣο֣Ҳȷ£죬ɴͽһѡ
˶ԣҪ˵ڵĻ϶
ãǱ˸ףһһ׼
ĿĴﵽЦеģȻڣҵǮҲҪԺ϶ֻǰ̯ҪؿӣʱѡԼһЩ˾ͷˡҵ
һӣʱѡǴ£Ȼ㿪ڣϳ棬á
³Ž㻹ǡĵòаûסʹһѽ
˺󼸲
ϵͿһû취̫ˣȻû⣬ܸô𣿡
Ȼ˵ҲûϣȻùӣץһѣȴǷֳţһţÿһѣֱһööööö
ڶţץţһö棬ץһѣ˵ǵһ٣ڶö棬ץһѣ˵Ǿʮţö棬ɾʮˣö棬ɾʮߣö棬ɾʮ
һţһ飬顣
ľ˵һ飺һһ٣һһһʮţһһһ飬Ȼһһ飬Ȼһһһʮ飬𣿡
ϵɴۣô⣬ȻʶһһԲżȻҲ˵һööööһֱӵһöӵһһڶڶȫһ֣Ҳ˵һʮһһ
ˣ֣ٲԾŶ
ȴǼѣȳ͵̧ۣŽ˫ð̹⣬ý˶
ϿҪߣϽٰǷһˮ㣡ǽޣôһ˻ȥһ˸Ūզ죿զ뵽ģ
ǲżҪ룬ϳԵܿ׽ŽļĶĸȥˡ
ʱæһҲһֱŶĲ¥ôûأ
ڿӰ۾һ˳䡣
̧ͷɿֻǵƼϵģһ㶣ϼһϲЦտӣ֮ǰκһƼʱģֱͬˣе㡭̫Щ
⻹㣬߹ԹЦȴտڲԵĽһԱȣǡչСñš
뵽Ĺ£һţС߹ȥס䣬Ǳߡ
СϲӴҲûΣߵ̯λǰ̲סڽȥ̯λ֮ǰԴ̧ͷǱŴЦиͣӰ⺢ǴϻۣǶ£ԽԽôһӣи˶٣ٿһָۣпһ䣬ôһ̣и

ǰпһ䣺ðҪôһָߵģֱܰ̿ȥ
ҷ˰ȻȻƷǣ֡ǵҼ
ûסŽһԺȥͰɡ

ﱻǶŽð̹ģ±Ż񣬾Լˣɵڶ̯ʱ̲סȥ̯λûϣɿ
ӦñȽæ߹ü綼ûͷľͰﻹʣķ֮һҪҪǰʱͻȻֵͷӿɡ
Ͷʮӣƣе󻹱һ¨ﻹм鼮ʮһźĿ
ԭ̻ʵĳԿͿҲ̲ס¶Ľ־Щɡ
ЩƵѧҲһԺһҾﲻԶӦһһεա
ЩҲЩŵЦŵᣬ̲סȥСġ
ƺٳţ֮ǰûʱûôɿ壬ҲͷһμЩƵѧǡ
Ƽеŵ鼮̲ס࿴ۣȴֺܿת
ȴֻǿ۾תߣŷȵݸʱЩѧӣΪɫһ١
ͷٿЩѧӣ￩һ£ﲻᡭҲС͹ȥɣ
֮ԶЩѧӲȤΪѧ˺ܶ꣬ҲŴЩѧжж֮Ҳ
ܷ衣
ĬĬѵݸջأֱƹ̯λԿ͡
ԿʹžǸסģϰⳡ棬ǵӹϽȥһԳˡ
ЩѧӾ̯λǰһ̲ס۰Ͱͳȥ㰡
ֻһ±⣬Щƶһֻһͷģ֪ѣֻܱĿб߹ȥﲻȱǮģѯʼ۸ڻعĻش
ʵֻܿԽȥԶˡ
һ۸ǻҲʵûԹô±⣬Ͷһݡ
߸ʢѯʣɣǲԺ𣿡
µΪʮ΢һЩӦˡ
ݸͬʱûסԺѧ𣿡
һ֧Ŷţһ䣬֪Լǲ¶ˡ
ƳһԵƣҲ
룬ҡͷûɽӦǲյġ
ЩʧԺһµÑǣ
ɶ࿴һۣɨһСģû¶飬ЦЦʹСһʮ
ԶĳԿͺС̷ҲһֱϾ˭ҲһѧӣһܸУԺҫ档
һһʮһܶͷ
Ҳɿˣʱÿȶ׬ӣһҲнʮͰظȥԺһ¼ϱСʮӦû⡣
ɿ
Ժ˽⣬ȴҲÑģķӼôǮܸмֻǺûˣҲûټܳѧӡ
֮ǰǮǮȥѧõģҲ֪Ñˣǰܹ˶ãȴе
ɶ˰ף鼫ãֻҪ취ӽ.ȥɡ
˼ţȴͷۣϣͷȴֲϣ
ϣΪСȥԺ⺢ʶ֣һֱ±⣬֮ǰἰʮͶ˼
ɲϣΪﲻֻСز
һ뵽Ҫձ֮ҲЩ秵ĶһͷŴĿǰ˵Ȥһ׬ǮһϱС
ɺܿ뿪٣ŸæüŵӶûüŻã˽ǰ̽ͷһУɿҿϵüֻǵһ̧ͷѵڷŽβķ򷢴
֪СҲеͷԡ
ǳô˵СȥԺԲȥ±⣬Բܣ˵ܷ
ºͣ˶ۣۣͬģҲŭ
ҲżˣƵһԣ˳ﳯβҲûɶѵ۸ˣ
ڷո磬𣿡
ڵ￴ʣ߷ݵӣɴҲˣǼԵˡ
˵ʱѾʼȥʢ
һڻŤͷǸһЦԲסոЩ飬һʱûע⵽͸򷹡˵ţӹ룬ʼʢ
ӷŵһϣʱѾֻҪȥ˷Կͳ±ѵЩһֹСӹҲ˼ˣ˵ҲǰΪ˺ӣһʮʵ̫󣬹һ»ãɼûеҲԲ
˭˵ǣСӻںСƻż
УҲžС͹ȥܵѬգеĻֻ࣬ϧ
һҲ̾
齹ȥԺȷǲӡ
ý˲ǳռҼҪھվȣȻٲǮ㣬ġ
С游ø̯࣬λÿӦ׬һûġ
ȻǣǾǡԵɣ
룬µһȲÑǾ⡣
Ժ˵ʱ򣬲ôû취ȴС
ԱߵĳԿͣͻȻˣȴһ룬ҵٳһ롣
ӦˣȽ͹ȥʼԡ
ֻƽʱԵüȴ̣һֱһԿ뿪ֵҲˣԱߵС̷Ҳȥʳ
ʣһڳ꣬ȥڶݣֻʱѹ泯ڣˣǵԺɽʱ˵ǲصġԺóһ뽨ģЩΪ˲·ԺľйְģʱȥԺ
򷹵Ķһ㶣Կסȷ
һʼĺܺãʱȥɽɺһЩѰĺӽ̶λɽµʱԷܾ
Ļһһ׵±ȥ롣
զզأ
ﱻҲ΢۸һ죬ϽֲһףԡԲסֶ¡
ɿҲ̲סе㲻Ȼޡ޷Ҫͺȥġһûɻ飬ͺȥԺʱ򡢵ʱ򡭡
뵽ɻ飬ҲһȣҲöԡ
ȸмȴȻ᲻ɡ
֣ûġ
￴鲻αм
ڳô￼취⼸մȥͷһ䣬СȥǺ£밡
һ̸ʹɫƴһָǰţһһһ
̲סϴŴȰĹ⣺ƣƣĶ˵ˣָͷղˣ⻹¶һء
˲ԺѧӣȻýǼġ
ʵһϾûãһС⼤飬ȥȡǶһͬŹķϣҲ᲻ͬ⡣
.ָ
ﳤһм£⡭㿴⡭Ǹˡ
޿ʲôʲôԹ
Ұưů֮Ҳ
мĿ⿴ƮƮȻæ֣Сһ񣬾ͳŽĵĿ⣬һ
ҲǲǶˣ͸Ͱظʢ
֪˵ʱͳˣҧҧͷҲȥԺСȥɡ
һ㶣ԭǻϲģܺһȥ飬ɡȥҲȥ
ҡͷҡҲȥ
һסƵĲӣȥذʲôҰӻ̲סһƬⰡ
Ȼﱾ鱻ȻһˮЦݶˣŽðΣŶ촽ҪǵǮ
ҡͷÿ׬ҶãҲΪÑ£ܹҶҾǡȥԺ游Сͽʶ֣ʶĶϾġ
㱲֣£Žǲһʶʶ֣ȥԺȴһܿܵܳͷأѵһ±ⲻɣ㵽ΪβԸȥ
ԿۣؿҲɶͷԣⲻǺ
ŸҲվҲǣϾͷģɡҲ̫ġ
ȥԺҲȥģ
ҧҧҶ˵ģĶԶ鱾ЩȤ뾭̣ѧ⡣˵Ҳԣǲһ±⣬ԺԿӣ԰øȥʱСȥһһ̲𡭡
ȴɫףòãҪǹҲͰˣ﹩ΪβȥﲻӦ㲻ȥҲȥ
ͷһô֣ʿụ̃СᶮʱȼⱲӴӰ졣
ǶȥˣɼȻܣźѡһΪѵ·
Ĺ˼ɣǺӣѧô꣬ͷʼѧЩĲԸ⣬οȤֻ׬Ǯʬ
Щ޷˵ֱ˵
һȥʱڣ»ǸɽԺСᱻСЬ
һִۣૣȥظҲȥһ̯ܳһСǶȥ˵̾ǹȥԭ뻺һЩʱӻСǲڲУֻǸ˼յ⾹ȻȻУ
ˣҲܣС־ű۵
û
̲סѵЩͬ޴ͻȻ۾һôˣ
ĨҲ¶µģǲ˵ˣͷһμ
Ȱ䣬Ϳ飬Ī˲֪ΪΣܾñţ󼹱ڷ
ĪﲻʱڿڣʵҲϲˣһһϲá
תȴЩƣʲôֻҪǲԸ±⣬ĺ˵
һߴתһϣС𾴵س·ᷢһ㣺ʵʱĳ֮⣬һˣǾո磬õˣʬˣֱòˡʵһֱҲϣպܳΪոһôôߴˣ밡ͱ۽ң游ҲֻǿţϾûϣҪôҲǻᱻһ겻񡣿ոҲûȥǡո磬˵ôôҪܸѧ¶ðǲǣ
һŵòˣţţ˵ȥԺô͡Ͱҳ.ȥˣ


39 
Žһͨʽ, Ԥи룬һƫƫ
һ£Ǻ⣿
һػ͵͵Լһ, ͷ˫۷죺ո, ҪԺ󳤴һ, öð
ı£Ƕţǰס, ˵, 㵽ɶ
, ͷͷҾǡǡ
ƫͷȥ
, , ĪʹУҲ, ո˵ѧ, Ǻ⣿
ɣɡŶ
ǰδոһ, ʶոڰ־ָо游ǰĻĴҲΪոˡ
Ŀڿɬ游ˣ
Ҳ, ȥӿ࣬ǰͷλΪưղżµأСǵ
ûá
ƣ⡭ġǰСȵϣ˵ҲܻѧЩԷı£οֻһͯ
ѧ
ɡǡ
һʱ޷˼Щ½游̣ѧˣɺȻѸãֱѡصأΪ˵͵ѡ˵
һʼ˵Ϊ˽ǰһ˵ִԺܸߡ
һԸѧã
ðʱȥػӰӴ˶࣬̾ʱʹ¶һЩеļҲΪڣ
ְҵȷȤ׬ǮҪŨ
οһȥ֮⣬ռĶ֣ܳʱ׬ľԱĿǰࡣ
ۣ¾ոѧ£ʶĶ֣ҲѧԺȷãɽ̵ȴѧĲͬĥʱգרһѧʣպ֮ˡ
ȫǰġ
Ҳȷˡ
Ǯɵ£ɵĺֻߴ·
ͣǾ޿ܵ¡
㡭һŽ̧ͷʱ¶ļͷﶮ˼ʱͲʡ
ΪΣʶ֣ѧҲһЩĶԸ¿๦ѵĿʶѧͽҪýһЩ
һġ
ԭΪֻдʣȥѧõĽڣɴ˿ͻСĺӣļ·һյȼյĻ𲻴ȴǰһƬ𺣣㹻ԭ
룬侲ʼӽ
ܸܵαĻϲְҵͬģᣬȴζʲô
ȷ˵ˣ˽ģ뺢ӳɲţͬҲ֪֮δǿĸС
ϾŹ٣ҲǺܾòſϣһʼڴ߾ֻţܵӣ׬Ǯ
ͬģŹǰÿܸѧ£Ҳдš
ͨһ£ȴҲǿѡ
ԭĿֺܿȥԸýͻСȥԺǵ治ʣȹ΢һЩѧɺã
ͬĻȴ־Ϊͷ
ȴʹɱﵣո磬Ҳ𣿲Ըң֮ǰ˵ĸǣôңưر˳ġ
ıƹŵˤȥ⡢һô
ɵĿ⣬ܾýĿԼĳʱ˵˲˵Ĳͷ
Ϳһȷʵѧ
Ӧˡ
۱û˵˼ĵһϾռΪռһ·
ﵱһʼȻҪ͵ʮֻһҲ޷·
˻뿪أǲܣְλ
й˺˲δԣʱֻҪѰΡ
ȻҪһµ֣ҲҪĸ˵һ֪֪׵ģɵȷΡ
ԭѯʱһ˿ϣ֮ڳĬʧֲ֮Ըǿѣ뿪֮ʣͻȻ̧ۣҾˣɷ̸̸
һϽףԡȻ
ſ֮ǰǰ㣬أ㡭
ҪЩ⺢˵
ȥ˶¥֮ǰʱͬͷһҲûס
֮ǰϵûɴƽʱľҵҲҲǹ¹ˡ
ҪΪͽ
ȣȴҪá
ʵȴֲֻ̫ʵ䷴
ͽ᷿İϣݲ裬Ѭڵϣһ˿ڣγ嶯ˣʮ궼û
ɣֲ÷ᡣ
Ѿ꣬һְֱȴδʼĸû뵽һģȻǸӡ
ǸʱԼš
²ŽŶǿװ򶨵ĺӣֻ˱飺ʲôҲոˣ
ɿոոձÿ£һΪˡ
ûֻǡպ
ף룡
֪еףԿۣҪܶ鼮ˣһһٲˣҵ⣬̫ܴ
Ȼ֪Ŀֲֻˣ⣺ո㡭
㿴Щ۶Һǹʵǿں˵ϡҵͺ˺ܶǰͬһϿģͬţȻҶչˣ֪ҼھеݣȻҹǹĲˣְλֻұļ塣㲻ͬĵǲ㣬
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е飺ôֻǴɶѡͿһȻô˵͵ȷ̫СЩ£ҵ֮Ȼѧǵʱ̸һ
֪³һ룬ߣѾû⡣
ɵģ֪̾ҪΪ飿
ŵˣգЩȥˡ
üҪǴ󲿷ȥˣʵȷе˵ʬ壬ɲֻǿҪһѰģֻǸģѾȥܾõģʬѾã߻Ϊ׹ǣЩ㶼Ҫ
Щûʲô˭һˣҲֻһǣ͸ܵʳһʳģȻɿڣǸˣˣҲʳﰡֻ˳˶ѡ
Ŀɿڴȵȣȱ죡ΪҪʳԱȣ»Ҫ±ⰡǳԻǲԣ
޹游˵İСʱ¹ģһҲûˣҺ£游˵ģҾͲˡո㿴֮ǰҲûѽ
ȻͲðѰĺͯϾǽŵá
ˣû뵽Ҳˡ
ͿһǡԽȥһҲԲ£ƽʱЩȥ۾գȴһӵݸˡ
ֱ
Щ֮⣬㻹Ҫѧ鼮ĶҪѧѧĸࡣ㶼ԸȥԺǿôԸ⣿
ⲻìܰ鼮һ£ȥѧȴһ¡
ۣҪ飿
Ȼͬȥѧڷ£ҳ˿ҪѧдЩ֮ҲֻǿȴʡһڡģǿӲ£ڻͨȥѧЩ秵Ķ
ãǶ⺢ӵ˼ǡСʱͦ
ʱǱýѧģϰߺ󣬾İ˼ˣҲûʲô
ʵϣʱҲȷᡣ
Ҳͷˣû뵽Լ˵ˣôһԱȣȷѧɣн١
ЦЦҼҵ±⻹ͦ׬ǮġҲС⡣
Ȼֻﵱڡ
ƺĺеĬĬԼһˮֹһǡаɡ
۵һǹˣ
ɶأ߾ͬ⣬ɻиѵһҪǺǱߡͬһĺӸҵͽܣ
°齣ߵһߣС־䣬ո硭
Ų豭һո磬УǱȥ˵ֻܱ֤һ档ʱܲ˵ԼɡҪǲУҾͲˣ͵ȼһЩӦҲû⡣
ȵ˼ꣿǱߣֻӲͷƤ˵ˡ
Žص̯λͷһһСسǰ±ðż⣬Ҫ

վһе㲻֪룬ȴ飺㿴⡭ȳţ
һԵСŲˮԹԸһ룺˵ˣѧдţܿŹѧȵġ
鹥˲ﰫ˰أ㡢ˣҪǺΪѣ˶˵û
Ͼͽ
һԿ˼Ľոտɲģ˵ȫԼ㡢ܡġ


40 
ӲͷƤ, Ҫȥֵ̧סˣ治, һ붥룬㹻ˡο, ƽʱһҲһ, ɸոսðһŰˡ
治ܳˡ
οиСһֱˮ
ȿڲˮĵľ֮ǰͽֵĽ, ߶Ȼġ, Ҳһ㺢ͯ, нС̵ʶĶֶԹһЩҲһ˵СһЩ, ȴҲѰĺӶö, ֲ
һֱľս, ⣬ɿ
һתȻ, ͬû, ѧȴֻͬУõ˵Ͽɡ
ᰡ⡭˲ܻͬİɣ
Ŀ۽ֲһֱĬ⺢ʧ˰ɣ
ԽʱҲ̫ϣ, ԺŻˣ̯ӣȥһüһ档˺˵ۣʱҲ㶨ˡȻǲ
˵Ѿþ½ûоԵġ
ûʮ֮˾ţȱ̫ϣ
ȴǺܸмȻȻʹɣҲ顣
û뵽˵ͬȻԤڣ̲סŽͷͷɬȴֲ֪˵ʲô
ǵö࣬߼Ȼͬ⣬Ǳٻӣ޷ǾǾСֻҪ취֤ĺ
һ£ո磬СȥԺ£
Ҳ£֮ǰΪͻȻȥԺҲȥֻĳƺûôһĶͷⲻ˱֣
ոװҪǳٸ¡գգۣǲǱͻȻͳˣŶ
οС쵰
Ȼû⣬߾㹻
ţСĻɿʱЩ㱣ȫȥʱͬ
ĳˣԺӶҪ뿪ˣ侲ͷĲҲȫӿ
Ȼϣ˵ֲۣȴ޷ӣۿġ
ΪиţĴүڣ㰲뵽ûȷֻתƻ⣬СҪȥԺ£ǲӦø˵һ
Ҳȥҷһˡ
ϳĴү࿴һۣδ룬ΪǶҪȥģϾĺȥԼȥģ
ľͰźþȥ˷ҡ
͵͵ȥ᷿һ·ûһԵСأλ䣺Сأôˣ
Ƶͷҡҡͷû
ˣ᲻ˣǲҸոȥѧģ
̧ͷҧŴȦģǺӣȻΪ֮ǰɳ٣ˣûס㡭ҪȥѧǸ𣿡
˵ǸģҲĺȣԺʱѹ
øֿ
һͷȻɱ˵㲻ȥԺҰǲˣҽ߾ֻŹҰɣĶ֮ҲȤֻ뵱̼֣ҲԸ⡣Ҳǣʿụ̃ܵԺиѧʵģǰɣûı£辶ո磬ҲպһְٰԺ󱣻ξͼ縺ˣСء
㶵ģ
ƿʼְ취һʧܵɹ٣ԺҪ̼֣һƲ𣬱۸ҪС㿼ϹΪˡԣСҪúѧҿġ˵ԺȻһһΣסԺܹʱǻܼȹʱ׬ǮǰأջؼңǸڻһԲԣ
ٻʱѾƺüЦ
ǱҲ˳û뵽ôͰСͽԺҲӣպÿµÑʮʮֱۣꡣ
֮󣬷ûʣϾһʮ˵׼ﵽġ
ȥõѧûᣬϾ黹û¡
˵¾ǲҲδţﻳڴֲģմȥ˲ء
ΪĻᵢ£Խֻһٷ±⣬̯Ӻš
Ǹ±⣬רŵĹš
̷ܵǺ棬ͽĴʵСӣզ̯ô磿
ЦЦҪȥһãͰظ⺢ȥԺСȥԺ°϶ĲˣЩҲҪ֪Ҳûš
̷ǵһʮӰС׬ôࣿ
֪Ʋ¶ĵýڣɲǣظģһʽÑǮֻÿȥȡɡ
ԴᵽԺŶеѾ˼±ôã⣬ʱʧҲǡ
̽ظıʱ⣬ûãȻҴҹҲû໰ֱӴȥš
ȻҪţģţʧˣʱܰһ
רųʱæ꣬ǳԷĵ㣬ΪѼһ棬ɳѾ˵á
ҪС˵£
ⲻǺô
һĺӸѧͽѧʬѧʬۿ
ⲻǾң
ͲľԲ޲֣ǶСβͶѣʱ飬е޵ġ
һֶţ游ѹһֱ̧游ŲúΪ˿ڡ
ȴҲֻǼһ
һæˣȲ갸ӻûͿһˣ£ͷˣˣͺ뵽뵽׼һҲ¾͡
˺ҲûãƽʱҲûô졣
þˣûҵϳʳֻܴӴҴҸš
ſڣͣһתˣͰظͺҴ.ȥǱߡ鲻ãǻǱ.ȥˡ
ӦˣȻϺȡ
Ž.ȥˣҲû뵽ôѲϣĥƤӲһ档
Ҳûס
ɾͲı֤ϣôº˿ʱһضˡ
÷侲̫ˣ¿ܻһЩϡŹֵ㣬ɵóס
Ҳ֪˭.ͣЩ۸ոն֪Ҫһ꺢ӵѧҪڲ۶ģѾ֡
Ѿ˽￪֣ȫ䡣
ڿһͷǰһһС⣬Ϊ̫æҲû˵󣬾ʦүƽʱ¼ĵطԣԵһ룬ƫͷһͳһúܾµ߽
ƼǸͷǰһڣģѾСˣôǲǻѱ˵аꣿͷɣ
飬ŽСһ̤;һ۵ಷֱ¶һЦͿһѹúСˣˣ
˶ݺҧ˿ͷûû˲ڡ


41 
˵, ȴҲԺӣڰͷ꣬˱ˮվƲ֡
, ŽһһСһһ͹ԹԴվţ˱, ôһ, ⶯湻һµģ֪ĻΪô۸¸
˵Ϳһ΢ٷ, λǽ
Ҿ, ѧģ, Ŵ࣬ź, Ȼ໹, ȴܹٷ
û, ñȻСӽ̹
꣬Ȼ, Ҳ, ҲҪߣԽСڴߣѹϣ
ӣȴ˽ÿ, һ١Ȼ㶼ҲᣬеҲۣȴҵרð£Ͳ񣬱ټȸᣬǾͿ컯Ǳܴ֮ǱپģǾٵ꣬ɡ
ۣٴι֣Ӧŵ
˵»Ҫȥ񣬿쵶ն飬ֱӿʼһȻҪѧʬеȵһǲܶʬ־壬Ǵ㣬ʬͻʧ̬֮٣ҲðվܣӰڰԣˣոҵǾʬ̧
һӺüۣܳüЦӦȥͷԺͣʬ̧ʬ塣
ʱüŪۣȭֻͣǱ飬ȻǿϷɷ־Ӷࡣ
ǳ˳飬۾ʱһãѸٶˣܿʧ
ں˿ʱٴλָվúۡ
Ҳͷۣû뵽ôݣһϸģ֮ûֱӾʹȥãһ˻Ļ᣻򣬾̧Ǿʬ壬ʵ̫
һֱϴУʱܰſޡ
û뵽ûܿ
ѽһղȥ벽ˡšһĬĬƫͷһߣԹһ磬òӦаæոͽܣ˺ôӰһͰ˺ſޣ⽹˻վͷأȻɹ泯ţܿġ
ؿڱ֤УһͰſޣ⡭ûȥˡ
㵭ɫС۵ףŲµºҪʬ壬²һҲ̶ݵġ
ۺ̧ܿġ˰ײֻǸտֻһʬ帯ܵĳζǷŻ
ƽʱ࣬ߣɼʹˣһ·̧Ҳе㷴θϽ¾˺
ֻƵſڽһתѸٰź󣬴ӷ϶ơ
˴ʬ־һֱڹ۲죬⺢ûŵζ㣬üѵãǱĺü¶ֻһ㣬ú࿴
ֻϧ̫Сǲаڣ֪Ǻˣ
۹ش𣺡ԭ档
ĵĶһ٣Ƴȥ۵΢⺢԰˵ʬ˵ԭ棬ɲԭ棬һʬ壬̧ãǱȻѰɱǾǿʹܿڣȴȷȻԭ
ɫһ֣ǱһҪģƿײֱԭŮ
Ǹǳ飬ʹɫ˰ûѧôֱŮοʬֱӾ͡͡
ź룬Ҫβոպã
ͷۣ¶и̣һôֱ̼˰⻹ǿ磬Ҫĺǻ
˴˴ӣǲɣϲִ硣
ݡ
Ȼ޿ͷƫȥûȥ˵ýǸģǰȷǸӣ㵨Ӵ󣬿ɾѰէȻƿֲҲŵοӡ
Ѿõ±ʧŵ龰ͷԣ̾
˰죬δȵ͵͵Ƴȥֻƿʬŵװλš

ֻҲüţ⺢
ȻҲ뵭ƿǸӣļܵһǸһǰ׹ǵʬ嵭ȥоһٿǺµľǺˣԣܹػҪôԵĻǾֻܴӺ˵ָС
˵ˣƿײû˵ȫƿ˵ֱŮҲû˵ҪʬſɣŮкְܶ취һֺձģȻǡ
ں˺ʱѾѰײһ¸ϣʬһ泯Ҿˣԭλӡ
ˣ

һ¿Žûסʳڣ㡢ô֪ģûɣֻǿž͡
ȵȣˣΪϸȷŮʬֻҪۼɣǰ׹ǻ߱޷𣬿ɲ鿴ܹǣŮܹǲͬҲ֪
ȴҲм򵥴ֱģֱӿŹǣȷеģһŮӵĽŹҲÿ󳤶ͬҲɣѰΪ׼ȷ
ɽǺӣ˵⣬ֻǱŮѰҲû⡣
ʱ۾⣬١ȷˣȷӡ
˲ò⺢еСҲߣ뵽취ǣʻҪһġηֱģ
ԭŹǵĳȣ߳磬Ӧȷ󡣡
һ߶һװˣŵĳȣ治ܻŮӡ
ִпܣŴŮ.СӶ࣬ʹаμҲ߳࣬ģĿɣ𰸣úƿԡ
û뵽⺢ӱĻҪϻֲۣһʼʬһȦΪ²ƿû뵽ǴԼĽŲʬߡ
˳Ĭãһˡ
¶СҾлˡ
Щ飬ȴҲеӣԼ˸òȡˣȻΪһӵͣӵе֡
ոһǰµῼĵǰ֪Ļ⺢ӣȷôֵһ
Ӿȵϲ̧ͷϺһۣϽʾףˣҿû죬ôҲû뵽ôĺݣһǰ׹Ǹ⡣
Ŀһۣȴɫ٣̽ȻһˣǱڶ
ͷҲ𾪲ѣľȻڴֵ¹һأ찡ںӶô
ԣȵȣǲӦһǵĶģһǮӶȫ䰡
ͬģ֪ʱҲгصĺۻͷ֪ʱҲſһ̽ͷƵۣԹ
ԤвãҲȫ䣿
һס
˭֪ǾȻ巭ˡ
Ľȴǵöࣺ˵
˶ڽ㹧δ룬Ͼ⺢ӵ游ǽȻһСܿʬֻѰһҪĵڶܼ򵥣ȫƿײҵٲϲԭеȫҳһعˣ򡭡
˵ϧ⺢ָߣᣬȼҲҲ١
üȴû˵ģӦŵ
ת泯ײԱĺ˵ʬοǲУɶԣȴǵ¼ôݳǡôļ־廹ܹأϾһ㶼µĻ̫ˡ


42 
, ײһһȴû
ޱţҲ, ȴסû
һ, ȴԭһƿײĽ, ײһתԼóһӡ
ͺһ
ֻûע⵽ĿߣӰԺ, ǰסڱǡ
, סǰ, һ׼ĽƬ
̫죬ú˺һʱס, û뵽⺢Ҳá
û뵽˻ô, ֱһ߸ܵʬ, Բδ׼Щ
æ磬ƽʱбš
˰һţǲһͯϸ, ֻǡ, ȷûǰչ
ʮеҲдţЩܴ̽
ǲѧ֮ˣʱȷȥ, ý
ŵײܵģһЩµģҪͽڡ
һһƿײʱһʬ帯ܵĳǱصʬŵ˺һȴס
۾ɵԲģ־־壬СҲ߬ϸ֮£ڲ.
ֻڵסĿڱǣȴޱ顣
ҲϷһ֡
ǿȥˡҪˡ
Ŷˡ
˱˺һҲֱ壬Ҳ𣬺һ˲⺢סˡ
嵽ĺӣȴ޲֣£ȴȻվ˷ǰ֮ǰ˺һϣվʬǰ¡
³һӮˣ⺢ӡȷҪΪͣҲӿܡ
ǣûֱʬ壬߷ɿ쳯˺ܳһʱʬ壬ӦǸڳģһܽʪһѳɰ׹ǣһ뻹ƤֻǸܲδ׻ǡ
ߴӹͷ£жѵĺۼп¾ǶѶ
¿ȴԵȻԼͷһȺ͵ۿ
ǾԼǲ룬ȶʱٳ֣иӦʱ䡣
ڴڼ䣬Ȼ΢.֣۾ɵôģȻȴ־ǿĲ䡣
͵СȦˣѹǵöĵһǮӣֻô˹ˡ
Ȼһһôʬ塣
ռ̧ʱˣûš
˱רעڽϣͻȻͱԹĿţһ˼磬˴ֱۣզͻȻô䣿
࣬.һָ
˵񾭶ǸָͷССģŲ.ָ߬ýģСȭͷգôƶ
ɾСǰ߲ҵʬһԱȣˣú˲ǡˣ
۶ˣοΪչ˽͵͵ۺˣٵһۡ
ζ͵ɨȥöɹĿ⣺˰һγ͹ˣûˣ
ͷһƫ
ˣСӣ⣬ģҲġ
עʱɿ.ָһջغֱһֻɾӣøոʬ֡
þˮݹɵġ
˿վ˵ĵ׵ζʱľ֮ǰȫͬ
һʼǾܾģʱڴ뿴⺢Ӹȵı֡
ֻһסڱǣһȫĻʣ޼
οһˣ˵ۡ
뱾ҵ˳ƺĸı䣬Ҳ˿̵̬ȡ
Ȼģˣȫ
üȻţŶ˵˵кﲻԭԭģ
תȴδٿʬ壬ָָŹǵλãһӣȾɫ£ɫģǰճȻţӦĵʬɣӦǵһġ
ſе⺢Դôģһ۾ͿˣֲҪΪͽˣǸӰ
˷ӦƽЩϾһԣǵڶǣ
ָָʬ°ľɿӣȻƾɣʬ嶼а׹ǲ·ֻǼܼļ¼ڲΪ˸ʬڵġ
أһ֮أȷܻó
һüأе㼱ոսʬʱҲƣһȦֻԵɴ˵ǳǡǴʬ̧ǰѾƽʱʬһִ
ֻǷĩ״ʬϣϸ
ֻڴոʬһ²żȻ棬Ĳʲô
ͷۣʲôֻͽ⿼Ҳֱ̫̣Ѿǰͼˡ
ĳĬú˷һҲʶ߬û֣ǽô
Ȼֱ˵ϸĿգҪ֪ȴҲҪɣۣҲ̫ȷ˷Ҫ˵Ӧþǡ˵ĵӦʯҷ۰ɡ
һûסԼı飬ſ·㡭ô֪ģ̫˼ˣ⺢ӾȻĴˣ
ķӦ̫ǿңýЦЦֻǴɶѡ֮ǰʱͷһЩʯҷۣҾǰ游ἰֻʱǲ̫ڸ±ʱѯʹԶɿ壬ǶһЩҾˣʯҷʬϣӻʬ帯ܡոҶ´սһЩͿʬϻһЩĩִ˴ʬѾʼӲɡȻԣɼȻô˵Ӧþǵˡ
βǺƿԣģعð̹⣬ʱԣǰһףһ⺢̫ϸ۲ϸ΢ȻȴѾǿܶ࣬ȫǰеġ
ſڵ۴۵Сۣá
ڻع񣬱鵭ȴ̲סžľûסһ½ãסˣҪ⡣
ԼҪһûҪʧȥһպĶ֮ţ
ദôãһ۾ƳС˼֪˺αص
ôѵ⣬鲻飡
˵Ϳһ.ӣ˵ôˣ˵ĻֻӲͷƤˡ
ȻˣҲ˿ʵҪţǾҪĽˣڶǲǹˣ
ˣȻ
Ǵ˵ɡ
ˣ̲סȥ
ĬĬõķԼ˦Լƺˣһκȼ˸ⲻȥɱеȥɡ
õӰ
ĬĬֵ̧סһۣǸ˭ͽ
ɶ˵ˣ̾ϢһԭƻǼģһЩܻģ⼸Уҵÿһ֮ɡκû˵нԶԲֻܹ޻صΪѹû⺢ֻܹʦү
˵ǻȴҲʦүաſġ
öˣſźˣ˵úúõļ򵥿һ¾Уǡ򵥣һ£
˸ˣЦһȿȣƣֻǵһôԲ˵ֲܰ
ԭһӵѧͽǲģΪҪȡˣ
ˣҶʧ
ˣ㵱룿ѹû뵽ֻǶ˵ԷʶĶģȻȶҪʶǡѶȣȷǳˡ
Ѿûʦүһһ򿪣ƼǼǰһڣݣǴ˺ݡ
˿ʦүˢһ¾Ͱȫ¶¶ûü
㱻˸֣ϷǸһЩ
ֵȷѣֻѾܳʦԣһ۾Ϳָһ
ͳΧ
ʼϷװǷǡꡱͻСʱ
˱ֻʱͼȥæʱһ㶼ûߣͷҲûߣס
ĥŲָ࣬⼸㣬ǴˣֻǾò̫Ծ벻׸ô˵ָɶ԰ɣ
һֱ㶣Ƚ˵žȻ񣺡ԶԶԣֱܸˣ
ôûϵ̰ܽͶˣҪȫž÷˼
̣½ڣһľľˣ
ʦүЦãˣã
˵Ϳһ.룬ջ֣ո̫ˣȿȣȻͨٵĿ飬Ǵһѧպãպ󣬱ٻ˸һСľΪֻ֤ⶫֻڲϿɣ˱𴦣ЧáϾͲֻ̫


43 
̹Ҿ, ģǴˣ
˵˼Ҳ򵥣ǸСľԺڲص֤ͨȴá
ȴ⣬ô, ֮ٳҲᱻɡ
ûü, ⳡһʼֻ߹˸һʱŽ, Ϊʱã˴Ҵȥû·ð
ҲҪȥð˰Ȼͳš
һֱ, ſֱͷ, һʼܿ͹ż, Ǽ۸Ƕ˴š
һһСòУȴߴš
ڵȵֽŶ, ſŽ
ûס
̫, еݷľҪֵĶ, ȴͽܣֱһ
һʱ, ֻ˵Ž, Ʋ顣
˿￩һ£顭ѵû
¶һСЦ´̼, £Ͳԣѹ
һֱСߵǰԣ촽ۣҪ˵ȰĻͿһ̻Ͱ͵СͻȻ¶һЦԺʦˣ
û̫עʮһԣԺǾʦͽˣˣԺҪˡ
ﱻһһ㶵ģոǲˣˣǡԺͽˣ
ȵõ϶Ŀ⣬ûסȦ˲ˣϽƫͷ
Ͻ壺õ£ſڣһΪզˣȻأҪ
ۣԶԶԣ𵢸¡
͵ҲҶԼֺǡ
µŰϽСĳ˸õţ̷ܾ濴Ҳûᣬֱص̯λžԭ޻ϵĽŵ䵽ʵ
ҪϢ˰
ȴȥϴ֣ȳſһһֱûƣǰ§Ĳӣѹôˣ
ô᣿½ᣬڡ
ƫͷϽЦۣŴ΢죬Ҿǻûܾãġ
İ쵽ˣͽܣԺǰ;һƬӦĻȴûʼ
պҪҪܻȴ
ǼˣˣԼһﲻ᲻ʧ
һ֪˼㣬ûԺѹôСذҪڲŶһ㣬ѧʮҲʮɶ
һƵԴϣͿʼ˵ڹ϶ţʬˣʱֶˣʬʱֶˣڶû
ȻǿЧСطɣ˵꣬СرСȦģͿʼ֡
ôܾáԼ۸˵ĸоȣһǴ
ֱڶҲûƮƮȻл񣬽Ǹø
СľƻҪ죬˸ʱ䴦ˣպ⼸ҲҪȥԺ
ưϰ߰ľͰ޻ãȴִʳ͹ʱʱ죬ƶһۣǳԹţôٳˣ
СĴչȥ̽ͷһƣüһǵĹѾһС⣬һЩ±ϣȴ뵥±ĲͬҲʳǷŶӣָճԱֶˡ
ûע⵽СģֳܿˣϸոǸһأɫζһζСûޣȲˡ
ɶأСزȥ
һּæµǳԵġ
˵±ⷹóԣɳԶˣºζοһԵɡͽܣֲлֻܽıл⣬ȻҲһ˽ģ̣ƽʱܶշһ
Сߣ䲻ͻȻҪʱߣ˵ϻܾÿġ
ţȦЩ죬ڣҹ׼ľó
ľͰֻСö࣬Ҳ˺ܶ޻·ݵ쿪ʼˣˣԽС̯Ĺһ¡
Ϊ±ͷͱģ̷ܵҲǸ顣
û뵽ﲻͨ뵽±ϻܳˡ
ƽʱΪ磬ۣδἰζ£ɼȻﻻˣȻ⡣
ֻⷹƺеడ
￴ɻ󣺡ҪѧգҪ֣ҲҪʱʱТһ
ᡭɣͷ
Ϊǿ±ҲԻɶı飬ĬĬӦ¡
ˣһΪʦΪТТɡ
ͷһͽһû˯źæһ磬ֱһʱŻ̾
ԱҲۣƽʱڹˣ٩ϣôͨ͸Եͽܻ̾
һۣ㲻ƽʱʱţ̯ʱ緹ǳԲζ±ⷹˡ
ǰæôæԴӳϽҵķÿյĶһ١
ûܳϡ
һײһ³λˣûܳϽҵ±ⷹء
ףôóԣ˵ˣ˵һҪʮģǾĬĬԼĳʳˡ
ЦһٶʮģôҲһ٣ǲ
ͷȿ쵽ʱͻȻߵ۵һ£Сͽˣ
ţһ̧ͷȻԶһСԹվſڣСԴʱʱ߿ȿ͵һ֡۾ð⣬߼ôˣ
ʵʵĶûͷ˵գ̯С֣Ϲأʮġʮһ±⣬׷һ±
㣬϶ǳݣһʼ˼ǲͭ壬ȴҡͷϾƷҪǮǲա
ǽһݵǮգŲҲܾ
Ǹպù䣬ˣʦǮҲհ
ЦеģңҲҪǮѽԲ
ҲЦˣȻҪǲǮ治˼ȥԡ
ѰݸӹĶʮǮˡ
űѣЩ
ûͷһ֣ҪҪС·ʳʱ𾪵;ú档
ҡͷȻǺӣһ㶼ء
Ű.ȥû±ⷹΧ죬Ǽʶʶж㣬±̯ܡ
ȥȥȥЦһ䣬ȴûĸϣȵԱߵʯϣһ޻ľУŻе֣.̳ľʱ̵һ£ľһó֣ôе
֪ܲʱΧźüۣͰͳ
ͿһסԼģƿľУƿһ˲ȳĳʳѸһ̣žһºϣ
ɼʹˣǹ˺޲̵.ͷþòɢñֵɵۣá㣡ԣ
ǣһȺǶõ͵۳̯¶ĵͭ壺ٺ٣Ҫּڣ
һ۾⣬Ҳ׷Ч£Ͷһ϶ֺõЦ
Ǹڰǰһͭ壬Ϣ仹ᵽʳͻȻһߴһͳԵˣ
һԵѸŤͷſȥ
ŻᣬųʳѸһˡ
ͭǣ


44 
ܽõһշ, һأɿ
ߵǰٴСľǣʱ, һʱڷ
Щֻ΢Ĺս, պһƹߴľĳʳ, ƽ̯Ҫľʳ
ڵ׷ѩ׵ɫ, ſžӨ͸С, ѹýʵ, ٽһزˣ֮Ķ, ö±
е, ¿ˮ
ô, ͷһٴγԵɿڵĳʳռ, ϼ縺ξ޴
æµҪ, ʳӦȥ
ɴ˿ЩĪۿЩȣĿиλǱ޻ůůģľľ, һ޷ʵ
Ժǽ⺢ӺĲָ̲סĦ.ľС
㻹ԲԣøǰէȻһѸٿȥ
ֲ֪ʱŴµһ￴ǵĽǶȿʳ㣬̫ˡ⣬ǸҲܳһ٣զôأ
ҲͰˣЩζģȴֻ˵÷
ǳ˳飬Сϸӣ߹ȥ¶ļЦЦȻǵע£۵һ£Ѵˡ
ۣҪҪôС
ԲҲˣҲ
һߣŽȥ˳·
ƹĿ۾һС㰡Ǵ£ˣЩ
Ȼû·ƹеˣָҵ±̯
±̯֣ƹʱȥԣҷҲϲģȻøͨ͸ǰλɽ¶ˮպԲɹ
֣ơһȦȴûƼҪģѯʣƹģû𣿡
ףƹһ㶣СͺȥԺ
Ӧˡ
ƹԣ飬ееģСԵȡܿȥ䣬ʱŵļƣΪòãδࡣ
·ȥԺһ֣һڲңһ㲻ңһһЩģúȥԺش֧ʡʡҲֻһס
ƹóļ׶ƫ󣬡û취һȥԺģ궼һЩ
û˵һ˵СӴӶƫСС·ĻСġ
ѡһ΢ֻûٵȥԣĲ̫࣬ʱһǲԡ
ﵹȥһЩĳ·ֻǵʱֻ¸·СҲϴ
һʼֻƱҲģ˵ԺͳһΣ⣬Źɿƹƣ֪ܹ
ɴȥ·ˣԡԺ˾ֱ
ƽ.ȥѯʼ۸ƹ˵˸֣û뵽ҧҧ͵͵һ㣬ƹ˵죬ȴδԡ
ܿŻ·Ƴһ֣ܳСؿƣغÿ
ƴۣ߳
һ֣ԭǼڹ·Ķͣ¶Сͳףϸ壬ΪʶĶɵļСӣ̧ۿ۵״ӣɵȶһ͵ģ񾭷ɡ
վ˾⺢ӾǶˡ
Ҳ㶵ģİ壺ˡ
룬²ϴɴס
һףǹЩܴ꣬Ժ飬ðظΪ·۸
һϲϽҪܾƻȥ
Ƶ䣬æ£̫ˡɵôãԡ
ɵ͹ˣÿжʮأ˵ԺϢٻ¡㴩ôÿҲӡһ鼦࣬Сظһһ㶵ġ
ٳȦģ߬С֣һʧġ
࿴һۣʾ⽹զİظˣ
Цģ˰
ְ˸ۡ
̯֣û취Сú壬ҩ
պðѸѡµݹȥҲȥԡ
ĺˣֻҪ¼ɣרѧӴơ
ܿ컻óһЩɫɫ࣬ʡøŵ˰Ū̫̭
ҲףƵʣƹģһǮ
ƹò᲻صһġ
ˣպԷҲƹıЩ˵ţǮӵݹȥ
ƹЦŽӹҪͿ͡
ʵ۸ûƣƸͷͷĹ̨ɴȻ㻮㣬Ҳһ£ܾöûˡ
һ㶣漴ȦЩȣ.ͷ·򡣡
ƣɲУҺСУôûУ
æףҲ򡣡
ӣһҧ򣬶򡣡ͷҪͰظȥɽۣܴܲ򲹶·ȥ
ѡһҲȥԡ
佹Ź̨һֽƹĸϽǰк
һһʮķ˴һŮĺӡ
Ůʮ꣬СһЩҲ߰ꡣ
ǱŹ̨վţֻĺ濴һۣһƹȥ⸾˳е죬
һʼÿǳ±ĳͣܿתߡ
ֻԭָһȹѯƹĸڲ⿴ʱüͷһ壬Щ֣ϸϸüۡ
ܿӦְ࣬ĿתƹģǼɫһЩȹһʺҼԡ
ƹӦˣҪȥãĻƿѾԺûԼ·³˵ȴڿʱһ㶣Щ΢
һֱעߵٿⷴӦոԤг档
̴վǰ
Ƿ˿Ǽ˹ɴۣ㰡ôôŸҶܺ¼ҲǮ£
´ģýˡ
Ҳ߬ȭͷ㲻˵
￴Щͼ޵صĴӻ¶ӣʱһ٣һէȻǮ뷼ʱľ㵣ӣɫ˵ˣһǺ룬ҽܣ׸δڼȴת࿴׸żʹҲô˵ڶ˵û¼ңˣβ࿴ޣ
Ｘ仰µǮ뷼û˵ɫѿߣޣĸͷӵңȻǮƿ£
ﵽƤû뵽ǰδһھ㲻ҪĥҪڡ
һֱûĽҲѧ⻰ģ㵱걻ƽ;ñҲһ˵һֱʳǮ˵ǮҸء
Ǯ뷼һ㶣ͻȻС˵ǮҸǮʲôߵŮҪüֹѾ
⻹ǵݷǮһƸ˵ҪлǮҰѶҲ˶׸ҪȻҼҲҪƸǣĻƹԼûסЦ
ǰɣҵǸҲǴôð׸
ͲðɣֻǮɶϷŷ⣬ʵ
˵ǼŮ࿴˼ңʱ򡭡ǹİɣ
пʼԲ󻧺լȷѪ꣬⻰Ǯ뷼ߵŮͻȻת俴һֱۣ˦֣קԼͬĸİܾߡ
Ǯ뷼άֵıѿæ׷ȥ
ʼ磬⻹кöûأզͻȻˣֻս


45 
±⿪ʼ, Ͼɿ岻Զ
һʼŵǮҷҵ±Ҳ磬û뵽ͷһģһҲεǮͼ޳ȥĴŮǮ뷼
ҲҪ, زȥ𣬵ֱӰڵ̨, ռȻ
ɲǮ뷼˵, Ȼ˵Ǯҵ£ǽ˵
Ϊ, بŲ䡣
ԭǮ뷼һ˲ȷ, ܿ콹Ļ, Ĺǰ㰲ģ֮ǰһĻ, ˽˼
һ, Χ۵˵ЦЦλЦ, ոλ˵Ĺϵ֮ǰ׸ķĴ, һǰ, Ǯҳز֮ҼպʱǮɱ˵ͨδǰȥ̵˵ףҸżȥݷ򡣶ǮҲǮöңѸɡǮҲϵȴƽⷬ., Ҽĸв˵ոǷ˵ǣλ
ǮҵȻظ˱Ǹ⣬ݲһ
ҪȥűźЩգʱΪ֮¶ӡ󲻺ã»ӰǶĿ
οȻǮʹУȷˡ
ʲôȻ£С̫ĹεĶ͸ֱȥãú˴ǰӣ
Ǿǣ׸Ҫ׸ɣȻ׸ˣĸýļƣҲزҪ
Ͱص㽻һǣ׸ǮȴҪ˼Һӣ⻹ʲôԵɣȻŮҪз׸Ȼҵ׻еģз£޷ǾǡΪΪǮ
ڵڶص㡭
ۣô˵СǰǸ̸ǸõͬΧ۵˶һۣ۵ðŹ⣬Ǵ԰
ԭλǣͬ˭зȻ⻢ڡ
һƣãúã
û뵽ɾȻҵĻҪռ˱ﻹҪռ˲ҵλ˵ƢãЩ̵·ԼʩɢȻ߶߶߶ȴҲҵĺá
ĲûҵЩ°˵ҲܣǮһȺҪģǻܣ
һȺ˰һܿ뿪Ŀĵأ¥
ôİԣֲ֡
ԵȰʱǮ뷼ڰѼŮ˵ֻᣬ»ص·֤˽ٸʱǮ뷼δǣ̤.ȥú˵ҵĻһŻṳ̂.ȥۼƹһѳɨһλˣҼҲ⡣
Ǯ뷼üƹʲô˼⣬ΪβҼң֪˭
ƹģðҵôģҵȻǮҡЦеģҪǳѾҵ˲ǮҵģǾ⡣
Ǯ뷼ҧǲǼ˵ʲôˣǺˣ
ƹģҪλȥҳ򣿡
Ǯ뷼ôȥң־¥ϴһͨ˵ģвʶǮ뷼ĵǾʲô·ڲػ֮ͦǰǮ뷼˵ͷû¶棬˶ϵãֱӾ֮⡣
Ǯ뷼ļŮҧҧͷȥֵĳ·ȥȴ˲٣۵ۣȴֻ̻̲һͻһҡ
Ǳʲô㹻Ǯ뷼ͷȥЪˣһ磬Ǿ˲أȥԺ
˽һ£ţͣڲԺ⣬Сı̧ʯף죬ʯ׵ж˸ţͷɷдĸ֣Ժ
еţɵ׻סۣʰ׶ϡ
ʶĶ֣񣬴˿һװ磬ļҵķˣСүòԺ°̯С̷̲ס࿴ۣĽͬ˲ͬҵ̾ͽȥҲÑ
һֱɽԺſڣţΪԺ壬ԺﲢѧӣԺ塣
źܿ쿪ˣýҪѯǽ.ȥ
ǽ.ȥ󣬱һߣĿбӣȴ̲סһۣǸСŻȣɽʯƣͤ黭ɫ¥һŵȣֺ֮ܿ
Ǻ棬ŤͷĴﵹǵö࣬ʲôŤͷһಽűƤȻŵòҶ࿴ƣ̲סչͷȥƣ㣡
С循£ŵתͷȻСºܶɫڻδŵĺɻȥʤա
Ʊһʱ˽š
Цˣһ·Сĺȥڵǰʱ˽š
ȻҲſںţ뵽ݲǰӴֻĴɽ鷿ڡ
ס̧ȥʹӴ󿪵ĴƼԶŻλһߵŮӡ
һʱ䣬ס˷Ӧ
ֱ߽žȻ񣬵ͷ͵عһ󱭲ˮ
һԵɽδע⵽һ
ѧҲܼ򵥣ȻͲ󣬿ߵϺʦүἰɽֻʶʶ֣д˼֣ǹּ۾һרŸ鷨ʦѧ
еţӦȥ
ףһûУǸѧġǰǴ˼ҵŮרŵʦ̹Ҳѧѧˡ
ɽΪǣȥ̲סͼ֣뿪ڣչȥһѹõͣδ
ɽŸӲ죬ĿɨҲ͡
һ¶ĵز
ɽڽϣλǷ˵ĺӰɣΪ⣬ڷ˵ģҿƸλСҲ
ˣͻȻֱһѽԼߣȥԺ
ɽ֣ǡ
Žļ򣺡СͽܣԺѧˡ
ɽţҪ˵뵽Լǿ̱Ļû˵棬񵶷ƵģС֮٣úӸ㵱ͽܣֱ.޲硣
жд·
ôСˣҺôҲйҵ̣ǿ
ɽѧʱ
ѧʰɣһʬ
ʶɽʱҲʦѵĹϵ֮ǰ϶ýȥԺɼȻԼʶ⺢ӵ֣Ȼ÷˵ôйѧȻڻ¡
ڿΣܷǱܡ
ɽǳ˳飺˭Ҫѧ
ֻһתŽʱŵԸԺ
˸ո㶺֣סСҡͷлɽѾѧ
ɽ֪֣Ҳûǿ󣬺ܿͰƼ¼ڲᣬպѧɡ
ɿȥǣһ˺󣬺ܿҪſڡ
ûȥͣ˵ﲢûʲô֪ظ˶룬˿ʵ
źӸǣмѣոĳʳٶһ
һ·ǳȥŹϣһС˿ʰʱƼһʮһɨڴɨ
Ѿɨһ㣬̲ס࿴һۡ
ɨúܿ죬ҲȣŴɨһ¹ȥɾ룬һƬҳմ
漴£һ¡
ԵȽµ²ʱѵ˵ײ㣬ҪͻȻԶԺ·һͷĿյˣļСһͻȻȵʯӾҪĵ
СǰͷʯףһǺ˲á
Σ˲䣬ֱһɨͺ浲סߣ漴̼ɨ㵽ʮһͷʯǰֱһ̽ȰѺӸ˿ûκˡ


46 
ѸոնԷ˲ƹȥĶ۵ףǼĸˣ
һʵ, ·ҲͻȻϽȥ鿴ȷûɿ
ſˣվ, ӣû˵ʲô, ɨһ仰û˵Խʯ׶, ܿʧԺڡ
ͷ˼ţǲԺˣԺôôһλɨأ
ո·ʱ, ӷԵĶýȴò, Ӧǿ, ڱܵС̷֮ѡǿ
ʶɨֵסߣǼӵʱɵ, ѹûע⵽ӵĶ
ô, ͷһμ书ġ
ƻȥʱδἰǸ, ￴ˣȴû, ֻԺһԺġ
ȴý, һƳԱҲüͷСأչȥѹһ£ʲôأ
ƳһûŽ, ССģԺǸɨصģ񡢾񡭡
ʲô˼·һֱûôǹպ·Ҫߣ¾׬Ǯպ˵ﵽǹŴѧļбҪġ
ԭŵպᵽػûлȭŹĽ̽ǣʹܷǿҲá
ӵĳ֣ýԼ֮ǰ뷨ֲ̫С
ʶҸСۣͲ̫ġ
ѧ֮Ҳɶϰ仹ͦȤģҪгһܳһɵĸоҲһ⡣
Ҳֻһ˵ҵ
ۣӶǸҪݸһţЦȻ
û룬ֻǿֺãƵĵԻҲ
ܿһǵݸճ̯īֽ⡣
ΪȥûмգȥԺҲҪգǽҪȥ̯
һ磬һƱˡ
ϽȥԺ⣬ϴٵװˣֶֻ˸ľС
ֲ֣ǵܿ±ȥһ롣
΢һЩշĴ̲סѯ䣬ˣݷĴǮҵĴûʲô˵ġ
شĲҴţʲôʲôܿ˵ǾԼᣬҲûᡣ
̷ܵǱѾϤȴû뵽ﾹȻǸ׸ǰޣʱշϣȻƫ̻׷ƽο䡣
ԴӼʶǮһĻ뿪Ҳ粻Ǯɡ
ݷ˾޹ϵ
±ʱæҲû֣׼˷ˡ
ҪľУһݵýȥţǵԡ
ֻհѰͻȻԶģɷ̧һߵܳ
е˷׷׶㿪˲ǵġ
ﱾûע⣬Щʱ̫ȥʱպöͷǸ󺺵񣬶Էֱֱ׺ݡ
Ԥвã⿪һһӻ
Ҳ⼸ˣüµʲôۣȴǰһӰԸо̯ϵڷ漴ȴһ߬ǿס
ԭͷ˼˲Ъˣ뵽֮ǰԼĴ㡣
Ҫһ棬պҪȥţСҪȥԺԼ
뵽⣬ס뻤ﶯֱۣҡҡͷԼ
ƶϽ˫ۣһ㶣ٿǰͻȻ׽˼룬Ӧ
˵ҪҲҪţƶ߶䣬ףܿӺƹȥˡ
Ǽ̧ŵֱܹӾƿĿˣһ֣žĴѵ죬ŵһ˺󼸲üʲôˣʲô
򣬱ǲΪ׵Ĵֱ̧̧ۣʵ׹⣬ԭͷˣüȴû˵ʲô
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СӣҼֵܰʱǰ±̯һ±⣬ջȥͶôɣ˵ţֱָָܣͷһˣŰײƲݡ
Ŵ⻰һܵһʲʲôɣˣ⡢ôܣ
иճԹģˣŰӣԼҲ̱ӡ
һ˲䣬ܿȭͷԼҪλ˵˵Ц±̯ÿٷݣǴͬһģֵܳʳˣ֮ǰôΪγȴû£˵ǹҲ磿ѰͷҪ
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ǰߣЩˡֻһֿˣǮ뷼ġ
ǼгҲո˳ͻģɲֻʣһλ
һ޷ҪȰ˸סЩ˸Ҫ֣Ѿȥ.ֱۺ̯λǰͷΪ׵Ĵ󺺣ҵ̯ӣȳԴҡҲ˭ָʾװ̯̯ҵȻҪҵҾ͸ƴ
Сͷӷ·һ۾Ͷϣ۾úܴ沼Ѫ˿ǹƴľͷһʱİѴ󺺸סˣ
ԭǶһģ±ⲻܳʳˣЩɱݺôĿŵǾֻǹģ̯ӡ
һ˲ٻӲģӲºģģȴ²Ҫġ
һ˰סҲعЩг˲ȥŷֻҪ̯λģ
С̷ŵΪͷһС˶£ҲվȻûȴô󺺵˸ӳɡ
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ﲢ֪ǲ嵽ԷŻһ
һֱŴ󺺣ֻ£ߵļȴһΪ׵Ĵ󺺣ȷǼٵģҧҧͻȻ⿴ײһֵܶˣǼװģȻԩҼ̯ӳǲֱӴˣ
ΪԷŰײȥʱԺ뵽˴Ǯϵƣ뵽̣󺰳ҲĲ˵һһҲ
໣Űײġֵܡһ죬ò˵һ¾ʹܱߺ㲻˵ֻǼװһû˵ҪİҲ˲ˣˣ
ŵѹûŵĴףֻŶԷŶܹŵóһ¾ˡ
һɵ۵ĺӼˣŭ֮Աڴ󺺼ε£ɫƵذΧ
û뵽ŻûŻɣǱɱԽԽΧˣЦЦҪ˵ᣬ𣿡
ҪֵŲšһһͷԼŸոմڳȥװλһڴ󺺼


47 
, ͵һͷȶԼļۣŵȶˣôİŵ˸ˣ
￴ǳ֣һֱŵ͵һ, ҪµԵĽ̸ס, ֱ۱ɫļͷ
Ȼֻǳһ, ﱾֻҡΣʱ̯ӣ౻ӳ, ԭ׵, ȦЩʪ, ַ̧ɿ£ǳסˡ
ҲԼ, ϾԺҪԼס, ƼӲŵģ, ֽ߬·һǣ, кء
Ҳ֪ʱȺ, ߵ࣬Ҳ֧֡
ۿȣԼ۲󺺶ڵϵĹѾʰ
ӳ־һֱע, ոһҲƼӶԼ󺺶ŭƤɫһηĸоֱһĴ󺺡
ܵС̷ƽʱʱʱЦЦŰ·ŵģɴ˿ûЦݵһųΪ׵Ĵ߹ȥֱӰ˳ߵĺӸſ¡
˵һܾó档
ҲޣԼĿһŻţĪ޷й
ظʱո˻һ⣬Ӷʱ壬Ȼع񣬲֪ʱͬеҲ˹
һǿѹǹӻǺģΪλͬｹ±̯ˣ
ӦǴȥúʣȥһвˣԽҵ̯á
ԣ뵽˵Ĺϵ΢һ£һȷ֮ôһ֪ȥҳֻõ˭ɶԩˣͬ齹ңЩ˴ȥʱ˴һμɡ
Ǵ󺺱һߣˣҲ֪ģôô۵ûĹͷۣ˵
²Ӧǹ⣬Ҫ˾ᣬһת
󺺶үᣬֵܸաճ±ȥûǾΪ˭֪һʱ֪ôþ;ȥˣţűûֵãᡭᰡСӣǸǸ㿴
Ѿ侲ӵͷһǰһ˵᣿ҲšһͻȻûѵҽ𣿡
󺺷ûˣʲôҽݰⲻ͡
ǾôնҼ±⺦ľô̧ˣӦļ˹˵ᣬֵܸոտ˵üװһ£ǵֵ˵ѣ˵ͼƭȥһȣ
ǺʲôһҲСʱŵܶβأ˵飬˵һЩʱûӡ󣬿β֪ǲͻȻǼˡ
һһȸϽҵȻû˵ѣ
ӴϣתǸץװֵܣƣ˵û˵ѣǾ˵ѣŴӷһҪţǡ
ֵһҲˣʲô˼к缸˵и⣬ֻȥҸ̯ӶѣڵǺãȫƵһɶǼֵأ
ҲɵֱӰǣϣǵֻӣȻӷ
ʱҲһʰ
⼸˴뷴СͻȻڣҵǮ˰ɣ
Ҳ̽Щ˲Ǯ̯ӣǰǮ뷼ͻվͳ£Ǯ뷼벻ˣǮ뷼żǮǰմ״еϵҷ˲أֱǮ뷼޹߶
ɫһ䣬Ȼû뵽СӾȻ֪ġ
ɫΪСΪ֪ȴصڡǮĸϣɫһ䣬ΪС˵ˣĲ˽Ǯ
˽㲻˵³֮õǮ𣿲˵ûǮ㾹ȻǰˣֵܼۻģǮˮͷϣҵ׸Ǯ˵̯һȥ𣿡߶߶߶һͨ˵˳
ɫˣ㡢Ⱥ
˲ˣ㻹ǣ
һͳȥһš
ˣôڧˣ
۱Ҳһһ㶵ģ˵ȴһڷ
һ򼸸ۣô
ۺɣָָǰͷô죿
˵̲ס͵͵ƳֺܿתߣֻǸո˵һĻԺôӲȥеȡ
⼸±Ʒȴ֣Сӣզ֪ңĸҰ
͵䣺ǰýķҡ
һһĴȣ֪ˣϾ¥Ϊֻ֣֪һʱ䲢δңɱôһѣǶʱ¥˵ĽǮҵ¡
ֻҾȻΪ˺Ȣ̯ҺʱôˣϾһϱûٱ̱ûǰҲǰڸС̯ӣΪǰգûͷˡ
ֻ¥Ū˵ǷΪǰЩ˲ûþûˡ
ȢǮҵλ
Ҳǰ뵽ˣֵɻ˵뵽ô൫˼ûҺݶԲδ뵽ؼԶС§¥ǲǺܴΪʲôҪһСС±̯Ҳһ¥ⰡΪʲôҪôݵ֣
Сֺµ˾ÿַŭҲˣȻΪһô۸ˡ
вɵ̷ȴǶһۣͻȻڣСӣ˵ұΪǮǰý㣬ʵϣǲΪ̯ӣ˵˻Ժ±Ļᣬʱ㿪̯ӣȥ±ⷽӸˡ
Ͼ׬ǮȻӣ±̯ӣΪҲпܡ
˵һԶԶԣ찡Ҳزˣ
Ϊ˼ҵķӣȻˣ
ҪǽӷҪˣôһϣ׵Ҳ˵ɺڵˡ
ֱĥһҲǳǮ̯뼸λһͬǰȥţʱҪ֤
ΧۿֵһҪȥ֤ûܵС̷ȴվҪıô㣬Ժ˭ô⣿˵ʱն̯շԸ֤
ǳ߰˸
һô֣˴һ˵ǰȥʱΧ۵Ҳ׷׸ȥв֪ģһ·ϻ˵Ͼ¥Ķ˵ǽһһ·ſΧˡ
ҵ˱ʱ㶼ûܼ.ȥƣȶˡ


48 
ĵɣϰ, ҲǮ뷼ķʮ꣬Ǯ뷼һֶࡣ
ǴܼһСģ󻹸ŰͷǮ뷼, յƼһĻһ, Χŵ˺ôЦ
ϰӳ¾ǰõϢ, ǿסµŮɾ޻
ҿж׼.ȥʱ, ƫͷǮ뷼, 
Ǯ뷼˸, ҲڲѣôҲû뵽úõļƻôʧ, ǽϲһ, , ȥĿǼ󺺣һʧ, ƫƫͷ˸ͷ
ǰﻹǼ, ȫͷ԰ֲҿԣȵ
ϰ嵽˴ãҲؾ񣺡ɣˡ
Ǯ뷼Ҳ£Ǯ, ˡ
֮ǹܼҵˣǼһϰ̾Ҫ˵һľľſá
Ѿǰɣ㣬״Ǯ±̯ɳϣ
ɣ׼̿޺һˣԩ񱻴ʱڲľ¥æѹ֪£ŷ¡ȷйأıδָʹǡ㻹ȫ˵֪ˣ
һŤͷתǮ뷼ŭ⡣
Ǯ뷼һ£ֺֻޣúõ˲ΪҪﶪˣӦñӦǽǼˣ
վһԣǳ˳ɣһﻹ湻ƻģΪϴԼԼ˸ͳȥ
ֱû϶ǳˣǣ£Լ˸ɵġ
Ϻ˻һˣֻǲԼıѡ
ɫ΢䣬߬ȴû
Ǯ뷼ҧ͵ؿһͷү¡µȷҷ޹أһΪ뽹ǰִͷԽԽ뿪أ죡ĸ޹أ
Ǯ뷼ŵ˫ͨ죬־壬ү˵ˣǾ¥һܵӰ죬̾ͻᱻ
̫£ǮңǵȴĿܸ϶һҸˡ
һ绨Ͷ޸үһΣֻ
ܱԲܣοһ㶼ΪǼˣͷ¶ȥ±⣬ˣٴЩ˰ͽ
ֻҪ
Ǯ뷼Ļϰɿǻô³ɺֻҪ˰ɶˣ˿֪飬ʱ˭Ҳ֪ƻġ
Щע⵽±̯͵͵һҲζ¥ĳζãֻǻǷһЩЩԱֲ
ֻһֱû¾ģϾ·һ¶ҵľ¥ףֱǰ췻䴫Щ̹ܲȴûᣬŹʱϢҲͰˣǮҵҲ޹ء
ֻ˻һң˵˻±̯ʱȽǻشӣԳȥ˵ͨ·ӡ
ϰ⣬ɹ´󼪣ʧܣֳɵ򡭡
˵Ҳ취ԲʧܣҲͬˣհһУ˭֪ȴܵһͿ
ϰǮ뷼˵꣬ŭһ䣺㡢ĺ£˰ǲ޲ϣﰡ
ɣϷɫÿǲǶƭŵƵһɶ
ޱ鿴Ǯ뷼ŶǮϣȷֻһΪͷ˵ҵ⼸ˣ֣֮ʵУڼǮŵ³ɺǶǮ
Ǯ뷼ͷһңʶϰ壬ߵһۣϽͷʱϰ֪һһ
꣺ܼҰҼȴ֪Ҫʲô㵥һǽ棬ŵ³ɺǶѾʮ𣿿ˣ
Ǯ뷼ܽᣬӦ¡
¿Ǽ󺺣Ǯ˵Ķ棿Ƿ߱ģʮںδ
̿Ϊ׵ǸʮһӶû˵
Ϊ׵ĴʱֻƹˤӻͳǷʮƱ
֤ݳϣ˿ǷдǷծǮ뷼ɣ
ֲϰͷβ㵭£¿Ǯ뷼Ǯϣ㣬Ǻ˵ң
Ǯ뷼ǡĸҡ
ˣô˵ĸ
Ǯ뷼ףǡ
ϰɶͷԣɴ֮ҲҶԡ
˼ʣ˽
Ǯ뷼һϽɣҡͷûûУûе£ˣû˽ܵһǰЩʱȥ·ӣûˣ⻰ҲԲүá
ֱ꣬ӿʦүʦү֤ʣǮ뷼Ѻ
Ǯ뷼꣬ſüܾﲻ̫Ծϰ壺ˣϾ¥˷ԼҵĿ֧˱
仰ϰ͵عֱɫף֪ﲻԾˣӣϣ
Ǯ뷼һ˼Ҳû˽ĶĶ˰£ʮǮЩ֣
ϰ˵ȴѾ۴˷Լҵ˱ȥ˵ʱһ˳ġ
Ϸ˺˷ѹЩǸҲ͸ˡ
ϰź˵ݵǰ˱Ҳʮ֧Ͼ¥ȴһʮ֧֪ȥ򣬸պþǽϡ
͵һľľɣ㻹ʵ
ϰֻ֤йΪδȴҲҪܵͷֱ⳥ʮɣʮӣǮ뷼ʮִУԼմʾЧȡ
λһؽ.ȥҲʵݺȻʱ̣Ҳͳ׻ˣ˺Ĺ
õʮ⳥ʱЩزںã߲ˣһֱһţɢˣ;ֽŷ߲·
վߣ۰§ýġ
ŲˮʱպÿһĻԶԶžе㲻ҿ¾
ջǽ.ȥˣŵú᣺ˣȵˮ
һһԣƳ£δݸȷһԡ
ʱͲµܷӻͳһСľƣ˵պãСľƾһպжӣͦġ˸ϣ
Ȼ⻰һעȻСľϡ
Сľƺܾ£õϺõľͷˢһᣬͷдˡáĸ֣ͷһź־ֺÿ
СľŵĴͬС죬ֻС˺ܶ࣬.ֽӹл
ҲڹתעҲ߹ȥл
Ϳʼ䣬Ҫ
ûסЦһɣڰｹ˩䣬һֽŻָЩСľƣǵģҪǲŰɣŪˡ
ûסЦ£ҲһݣŪɡõҲʶҲ޷
һ죬Լһɵ⣬Ҳˣ֮ǰŵɢˣٴθл֮ǰľУ룬ȻָЩʹŽƻȥ¹
ľ۾һѯʹȷް󣬲ų۲ע⣬ȿ뿪Ȳľ§ڻͶһշ
ֻǸմһӣ˺ϽϸӣȥСغá
뿪ûŵһͷһ嶹һ˽ĭĺ˾ʱͻȻһ٣ţʲôζô㣡
һʱϴɾ˳һţϰŵͷӶʮͭɵۣȵȣҷأ


49 
극ͻ̯, ͺ֮ǰæ̷ǵл֮ʹŽȥ˱īֽ⡣
ڴϣһʱоֲֻ̿ȴֶȻ, ֱֱ̧۵ס, þ޷ƽĵ׵
ֱҹ˯, ɾһΣȴͨܶࡣ
ȥԺȵ֦մΰˢ, , ЦϽϴ, ¾ܿ
Ӧˣֻת߳ܾ̫һ
˼, ͵ػͷ, ﻻ·, ֮ǰǼ, СҲո¡
֮ǰ, ƽʱȴĴ˲·ǴԺܲҲ֣ȥīֽʱɴһ, ˳ָһס
Ȼ⣬˵ҪСزҪҲҪֻܺ
ֻͷۣĥζǴи¿ʼССһſΪﲻڣҲ͵͵ˡ
֦ʱȣֻ㣬ϴһܻȥҲǳ·ϡ
緹ʱ˭Ҳûἰ·£Ǳ͸ˡ
ֻǸţĴүһ·һӣǡ
ЦЦ˻ʱɴ໻һȥȥ
ӾҪȥԺűǰӦҲ
ϳĴүհʱȥ̯λûʱ̷˵һͨҲ£ҲӦͣҪˡ
ȵ̯λϣﶼ˵̷Ϊյ¶࿴ƽʱСӷϣȴǰ壬˼Ҫģȷ̫Ƣ
ȸյ磬ʱѴľжóֳһݣҪýȥš
ͻȻһӰѸٱ˽ǰʮͭ壬ˣҵķܵüǰʱЩȣһһ㶵ġ
һ̧ͷȴէȻװ磬һʱ䶯˺üģֻǵʱķжϽִһ䡣
ϽװõľиͿǱ׷һ㣬ľ䱧ľоˡ

ˣզ£Ǳˣ׷û𼱻ǵģ
ֻûãԶԶ˴ĸ۳ȵǰѾûӰӰӵۣˣСͳһηʲô˵ģĸСӵʲôһ
˵ͻȻֵĺˣĬĬͷ͵͵£󡢴Ӧò֪˵ǺӰɣ
˿׷ϣͿһۼۣ·ָֻһ˴ǳźӣ泯̯ӡ
ոձһĻŵϽҪ󡢴ˣ
ضǳѰգԸ㷹ض񣬷Ҳڡ˰ڰ֣ļҲͷ
Ѿѯʹ̯ӵļ۸ͳʮģСӣһݡ
ҲʹͳʮģܵģȻãǣѾ˺ܶˣһҪԵ
Ͻʢ
͵͵ȥƣζ.ߣ㡭ĺ㰡
ȴǽüͷ±⣬㣬ɫҲóԣǡԵĲһ
˽ӹʱ̲ס˾䣺Сӣû˼һ£û𣿡
ﲻ⣬Χ⡭ȷûˣˣʲô𣿡
ûôУ˹Цȥһԡ
ȲҲϽԼķûϾ̲סҨһףζȻԣ
ûЩĳˣɺԵˣ
߳ԱҧгݣֲСôϽǵһݶ֪ϰףôĳȻ׷յģҪһС
͵͵һۣôˣ
һԲûЦƶӣ￴һ¾Ͷˣ˺ķ
˳ڵ±ⷹζ󣬱֣֮ǰЦǸӣˣ±ⷹ࣬ɴűɡ
Ȼ᲻ӦȺЦб뿪ɿܾáǰЦһеֵֹġ
ź뿪ӰͻȻеͬСܵٿҲӲϺİ
գ绹аʱﶼĲɣһֱŽûвʵĵطֱͷۣǮСǰһ㵹һСأһɾҪȥԺôˣʱƼĶûôġѧӰͬ᲻뷨ɽôŰ᲻Ӧ
߶߶߶һȻˡ
Сգգۣа취ɡ
Σ˵Ҳˡ
§Ĳֹһţ۾䣬ԽԽá
Сĸôã侲ֻ绹жʱ俪ʼýԷľоȥű
ֻܱľоȥˣһֱĿͽ뿪Ҳƿߣʱȥͷ͵û롣
һ·͵ţȻֻŵۣĶɳȥˡ
Ž.ȥȣûһ˴ż۷糾ͻһЦеģˣ
һƳߵľУ䣬˼ۣЦžֱ߹ȥЦһֲ
һߣΪ˱ܿˣһȽҲֱӷɱ±ֻ̯ƴˣ˹ȥͳǮˡֻһƳûҲû롣
죺Ѿȥˡ
ţô磿
ף˵վȥ
·ˣŮթû˸°
㱵ʱ֣ôˣ
ĬĬ±ⷹȻóԣǳԹ˵׼ĳ⣬ܾþһǧɣûûʲô
ôܻŹķȥëһڲʣ
￴ģʶʲôһԵʱͳһݣ㡣
ض齩סǣ
ݽѶһݵĳʳԭΪ뿪ųԵģԭ
ƻص˵ǵġ
ľУͽǺͽ
һߣ˱ֻͷһССֻһһ룬ֻǳԵȻعѾûˣ˸ã飬ЦеģһЦЦúͷƤ飺˰Сӣ
ĬĬˣ˼ʹˣԲô⣬ԺǡǿڳԵˡ
ǳʳܵǿڳԵģ
ֻʱ˵ڵĻġ
һθųӣԭΪϣû뵽СӵײԲ죬һ·Ҳû죬ҲۣǹԿ͡
ȥ˳⣬Ļ֮ǰĵʬ塣
ʬ巢мգΪԷʬأһѾɰ׹ǣ˵Ҳа¡
֮԰¶û֣ΪʬĵطǳһϸպϪˮߵһߣʼĺҶڵδü֡Ϊڳ⣬ȥģΪףͽһУԼ
˲Զɫأӻֿ֣ϸңûб
ȻСͽܣȻǸ
ҩ䣬㣬ܣһʲô¾ͺҡ
ӦˣŲӸĴţһƬӣԶеģġ
ΪһƬũ͵͵һƬҶŵȵ˼յӳԣóȥ˻ǮҲУֻΪûʱ򣬵ѮҶȴѾʼԵһʬũƣһƣͷ˺öʬ塣
ܶǻĲݣҪôҶʱˣʬָõĿȫǣҲû֤ݵĶʹ⼸Ųµһʧٻص˶ûջ
ֻһ飬ܲҵʲô
ȥĵطǷʬĵطǳһ߿Ӹĳߣʬһˮһ¶⣬һˮıϺɲŻôɰ׹ǡ
ΪһʼصľýվֻűԼ˿Ⱦ˳ۏͷܲҵ֤ʬݵĶ
ûȥԹվڸЩӲͷСҪȥֱݽ
ҲûţԼҶ˳λϸȥΪһˮܻǣҲʪѾҹΣǸҲõġ
һ粻ŹκһţŲԶһʯͷܴǶˮ¶һС⣬һһ⣬һ಼̦
Ǳߣʯͷ̦һȦûнӡ߱ıƻĺۼǾͲ
ʧֱȥֻǸȴͣ²ӣüͷƺʲôǸոͷֻһ˲䡣
һԼֱתϸֿһ̦ԼʯͷûбŲĺۼûнӡʪ׽ݽ.ȥĵطҲûнӡɿҰڵŵЩվһ飬ֻǡܾﲻ̫Ծ
ߴʯͷɨ̦ǻЩӲݣ͵ģһֱӵ
һֱ۶ţԼոһζͷʲôЩҰݡ
ЩҰݲ̫ԾΪ˴ԻĲݴҰݷ賤ʽĻһʱʱδע⣬ʱϸƣһȦڿ̫һĵط
ȻӣһҰȴֻһ鳤ˣĵطû
һֵˮδҵκϴɾֽţ̾Ϣһཬ̧ͷڲԶ߹ȥأ
ָָ̧ڿ
Ұݣ㿴طǲˣûӡҲûƶĺۼûʲô⡣תҪߣȴס
ְ
ףô֣˳һʡ
ָָ𴦣㿴ӲݶǾֵģ˵෱࣬ҲӣżһһҰи꣬ȴһѣҡȻⳤúҰҲȷҰݵһ֣ţôǹݡ
ţݣȻ֪Ұݵ࣬ǹݻͷһ˵⡭ǲݣԣǲǿʲô
Źκһ
ףȻݵȷҰݲʵҲһҩݣľҶҩ
˶٣һ䣬ȻЩǰ游ĽġҾǿЩô໹ֻһо֣ϾҩǮء
ҰûһҰͻȻҰ.⣬ֻżһӴģǾ֮ȻĴƽķֲҰҩģȴֻһȴûУǣﳤûüֲ𴦡
ֻһ飬ҩãǾ˴СһʱѿѸܵЩҰΪһ塣ܴҩõҰӣպòСططһʬ壬ôҪôЩʬģҪôִġ
ֺߣп֮һݻҩйء
˵ͬʱҲץص㣬۾ͻȻԽԽתͳź˴ˣ


50 
Ǻܿ쿪ʼŲγһΪ֤, ʱǻصڣΪǵһţСΪ;е鲻ʱ, Ȼصɫѽڡ
ýȻأԳһЩٵ١
֪СȥԺͷһ, Ӧº, Ȼص̯λǰƶţ۾΢, Ͻ
ܵС̷治, , ȥĶˣôŻأ
ʱΪȥͷ, һ羹δء
ЦЦû˵, ֪Ҫ˵, Žļ򣺡ǰ⺢ȥż¶Щ֣, ˿, ͨƸߵѧͽպǶҪѧϰ
С̷𾪲ѣɶΪͽˣ
⡭ĺ°
ֻǲСЩӲ˵߰𣿡
ûɣ˵ˣҪ
ڲǿ͵ǰɣû˵ͽܰҪ֪ҲԼԼȥˡ
ɶأܽģûҪõ˿ˣͨƸģʶĶֵ, Ǽʱذɣ
ޣҼҲǣ

ûٶԣӺܿţ뿪ء
ֻǻȥ;УţĴүҲ첻ѣȴûʣģСһȥԺһͽãպ¾ǵС
˻ȥЪˣһ磬ûհ̯һͰϴɵó
ƴƳнֱ߳ͦűͰվĽ۽еʪȴסֻ˺һͷСЦԺᾡѧʣպܵԻһȫ
һСͷƵСأǰͶСأˣһȥԺһǱȷӻӰ
һƲ᲻һ£˵ʲôȥ·ظ͸Ͻȥű
źףŶ
ûסЦЦ̱סСװСˣûסֱƹ
Žһʱٴε˲ԺǰΪͽʱԺⲢûʲôˡ
ֻ֮ǰǸɨأȴǴһϡ
ԷͷҲ̧뵽һιʱԷһУ࿴˼ۡ
͵ſڣõԸϵƣÿȴֻһ˽.ȥ
û俴
ЦЦ̯ӣǾܼˡӦҵģȥɡ
ôͷһǷֱôãʹü죬ĵһ̣еţŽ䴹۲˵
ָˣҰ뿪תòã±ɽȼˡ
Ʋźۣ룺̫ˣǡˡȻȴ¸鷳
һͷô˵ˣҪϽȥˣȥɡ˵ɣһѡ
ǰתʱͿﳯ֣Ц档
ֱӰŸˡ
ŹϣһۣŽյԺţ桭е㲻ϰߣҲ᲻á
ʱһֱȻȴΪСôԺһֻܼһ档
ȻᣬСػҪȥԺ
ͽΪ᲻ãߵú
ڵŹϵһ˲䣬ûסǰϣȦЩ죬󣬻һͷ뿪ˡ
̨ʱǸӸպɨһס
Ӵµסǵȥ·ͣ£õһߣȫ̴ۣԭͺܳϵͷһ࿴סݣϵ
ֻŴɨָֺܴҲ֣һμʶһУɡ
ȭŹҲһ
µͬһ̨ʱ̲סͻȻƫͷΪͷͷպÿӵݣһȴ£һμʱһֱͷܿ棬ȴɢͷţΪߵĽǶţͷõͣԭסͷҲգ¶ԷλãӶһ°ͣһܳİ̺ۡ
ȥʱպöҲһۣҲֻǿһ˲ס漴¶һܹԵЦ
һ彩£ʶʲôѸƫͷƫұߣƼİ̺ۡ
ֻһ˲ȷ⺢ǿˣȴδг
֮ǰ֪öԷܿ˵ԵҲûٶʰ£յм̨׵λʱͷһ·֪ʱĸˣʶġ
վסקק䣬Ǻ˺ǡ
쿴ȥæ˸õһߣΪκǻԺ
ԭҲҪȥãպܸţֻǺö˶˵Ĵ
ȻҲǣȵ˽ǰ˳ͷ漴ڰ֡𣬸ȥֻԽԽԺ֮ǰӿϵǸֵͷԽԽǿҡ
ղǾʬܸҩйأȴҪô°ӣҪôܿǲ鵽ֿܸԺйأ
֪ΪΣԺոǸе̵ӣӦ˰ɣ
ԺǴӵģɨһ飬Ҫ´ɨڶʱͿǡ
õһߣ˻ۣŰķ̣Ӳδ룬ֻ
Ժźܿ죬ܿŵ˴򿪣˸Ͻ񣺡ˡ
ޱվǣľϣԺһе̣ˣܲ
һ㶣ӦϽӦ£̽ͷԭѾʼɨ˵ĻҲͣ¶ڷӣ㣡̽ͷֺЦЦˣǸи̣ӦҪҵˡ
˼תޱ鿴ӣվһǣų̈¼ֻܿһӡ
ôɰɣȻģԼǲѻ죬ʲôõʲô
Ĵɨ㣬ɿ˼һֱʹͷˣ󡣲֪Ƿ£
ŵǺ¡
˿ٿ·̷ƵƵΪȷֻ֤ѯʽ׶ΣҲԷԩˣת汾ٽ
һȥɽ鷿ɽõϢҴҸȿԣˣ󡭡Ƿ¶
λϣɽˣʼѯʣҲ鷳´߻Ҫ½һ飬󣬱㣬ʮǰ¶ʮߣ㶼˭
һֱվһԣһһ߬ˣδʲôˡ
ɽҲüҲˣԶ࿴һۣûҿ
˲׽һۣˣ¶ʮɼǵ죿Ժ
СĿɽӦˣСˡǵá
ۣŶΪǵ
ϾֻǺѰһգֲգǵȷʲô
˳һǻԺƽʱǹŵģ߰ǲѧӳԺţʱûʲôˡƽʱҲڹ̶ʱɨһ֮Сļǵ壬ˡ󡣡
ˣΪ˰֪Ժе󣬻ӡ
⻰ûἰͷڽ䣬̧ͷ
üǺˣ
ϸ룺ǸʮˣеߣûߣСͷŹľͼǲá
˵ͳĬޱվһԴĿ󣺡㲻˵ʲô𣿡
òڣش˵Ļ졭ȴǼһˣеλ
ˣ֮ȥ˺δʱгǣȥ
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ǼȻѭҵҩһһŲҩ̣ʬʱаµһ֮䣬߻߱ģҩ̵ǵá
ߴ߿֪ˡ
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ʱ̫ã޷ж׼ȷʱ
ǰҹ
Ȼ뽹һԵȲ鵽û˵潫˴ȥá
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ʹԤϵȴ͵̧ۣ߬
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Σһ˻ɡ֣
ˣǣ֤е˼뿪ʱ߻δ
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ҲһֱҲͷۣ˵ּǰߵˣкܴĿ̹ǵìܡǡ
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ᶨԭסغü·̵ݸǸ¶СһеϵΪӣΪ츳ߣϵҾİѱѧ书ǿ
ϵиޣᶨֻС꣬ȻҲΪֲᶨ书Ȼᶨμ⡣
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ۣٴἰǸ֣ԭΪԼͼǲˣû뵽úܡ
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οʮǰ˻֮ûôȡ
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˵ʱһֱʱ۾ڻ䣬ȻҲܶԷαװúá
ֻʮǰΪԼҵû֣ûʮͻȻɱˡ
ڣ˭ɱ֪С
֪мû˭гɱ뵽·ܼ޻
ԷǶ֪еټΪ˽⡣


51 
ȻΪ˽֪е, ֪󲢷׶Ǳݺģǵȷһ˷ϡ
ޡ
Ǹܡ
ͺ˶뵽, ü벻ͨһ, ޳ʱ˵޷, ҪȥҪ˳ţɱʲôô
޵ȴȷ
˳Ĭã˵Щδڵ󣺡˵ı, ֻûҵڶ֮ǰ, ΪһҲߵˡȻû֤֤㵱ȷɱ, Ҳ޷ʱϴɡԣչ涨, ҪѺ, ֱࡣ
, Ӻ˵֪ˣ׼, Ը, ֻǲ߻ҪЩʱ䡣
ٻһڴˣȱٵȥʱȥš
û˿ĸʱѡ
̫æĸʵ̫Ը, ǲһˡ
ڣˣҪ°ɡֻһѧͽЧ΢
ں˵ĵҲʹһۣƾ֣ܣ˵һۣļȫĶ֡
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￴ʱ磬ɴȥ±ⷹ˽ǮӣӦһ£С̯ӳԷ֮һȥ
Ȼûδһֱ󣬶ʯϴʱ䡣
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һֱڵʱ򣬽ſڣŴ򿪵ͷͿһİ߳
ߵǰͷӣЩӡ
ԭΪ⺢ӻಽһ˰㣬ϾҲףεĿԼ
ãûסʳ㡭ΪңͲˣ
վ·ҲûʲôƼǸӿĵʯȥȣ㲢ʶǸСȻðűֵ¾ˣǸˡаֲ̡ףʱòȡ˵ˣʱΪԷǽǱӵķʲôģϾôȴֻɨ̫ϳҲ˸ɲҪᡣ
뵽ֿܣǳ־ˡ
죬òллЩɹܶƣΪܵʡ
⺢ӻͷһȴδ¶̫»߱ſ޵ĺӡ
ЦЦٵһҸСҪһͺá
ӦˣȻûһ죬Ĺȵˡ
һնڴڣȷ¿Σպ鼮ŽڣϾͷܳȵԺſڣ¼û
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һĻ˵Ǿ壬ɺ塣ȻΪֻһԺɨصĴ壬˵ʲôǶԵġ
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ȳԱ˸ŽԺʱûعֻͨ±⣬ôôóأ
ͻȻҵһֵڴ£ÿȥ±ⷹ
Щֻ׬ǮٻǮԻ˲Ǯ˵ÿȥԣһճҲǹġ
ͽȵſڣȿҪ.ȥٴǿǷһ飬Ժҡ


52 
һ, ͷΣģ
󣺡Ȼ
ò˼ɼȻǰĻᣬҪײҪͿһ, ߹Ȼô˵ˣھһҪ, ֪ܴܲӦ
󣺡˵
ָָһ߻һֱϵƣҸ̯, ûӣʱǮ˻ᱻ۸, ҪľÿǷһ, ҪԺÿСѧͽвУ
ҲԼҲѧ, ûʱ䣬ҪɿҲϲϡ
Сزһ, Ժס, Ҳ, ½̹̽򣬵Сѧ˿ٽ
һ㶣ȷҪѧѧĶʵʵ, Ҳࡣ
Ʊû뵽, 뵽ܱɣѧҡһ֮ǰܱˡ
ͷƼᶨ飬룺, ڵĥԼҾͽ㡣
һϲɫϽСʦ
ȴǷסƣҲͽҽ㣬ֻ֮ϵ˶ѡȻҲᾡİѧ̸ֻǡǣϱĹϵ
ʮǰ׵ֵ֪ܵܵܺͬܵк÷һͱһ
常Ĳǣκιϵ
һˣǣ޹ңպ뿪ҲѸһЩ
ûǿ󣬽˼뿪ɿ
þȥ
Ҳͬۺȥݸ£˾һǰӱҹ·
ء
ߣر飬ǰǰһͨæɻͷͷ¶һЦ
ʱûסѽķ䣺˵ɣһôϸµģʲôأ
վֱֱģٺЦ˵ɶأʦҸ
𣿡Ųˣʶôˣһ֪㣿˵ɣҪʲôߺߣʲôҲһٷһٲУҲ͡
Լࣺʹһȥݸ
Դıӣ۵ͷһƫµһߣ١ҲӦ
޹ͳӵݹȥȲ
ؿڣ²ֹסȣֱվתͷ֣ݡ룡
ŶҪȥݸ
˵ȥ·ŪŸӣ˵ˣһ·ôԶʲô£˻
˵֪ûס׷ϣΪβң
Ѿſһ٣ת˵أȥݸǰ£ֲҪҹ̸·ģŲסġ˵ˣȥʲô
ۣȥʶһ£ʶʶ游еЩط
Ѿһͣ£游ҲУ㲻̫¡
˼ᵢǵг̣Ҿȥˣ
ѹΪýģӦˣǣﲻ£Ȼͬ⣬ɡ㡢ᣡԣİɣ
ȻڣȻҪǵµģһȥͷܲؿһĲ·Ҳ볤ʶ
ҰȻֻһأպȥǣȥԶһչĵط
һᣬҪٵá
˵ģܰ쵽ɲˣ
üѵԼ͹СˣҲܣŰ꣬ôܻ
ȴѾȥͳȥ
ʱҪҪ£ľмƥ
ΪѾ۶ЩʱջˣЦܴطඣɲſڡ
Ҹʦ˸ģҪʹӦոմӦҵ£ҪҲܣҾ͹Թ
ͣҲûʲô£պ÷һ£ۼϣʲô°
صǸܡ
˵գһǡ
׷СӾȻҪȥǣ߹ȥ۹ⲻ۸Сô϶ﰡֲӮӦʲôˣ
׷طѾɹǣһƥһӹ
һ˵ʲôͿЦ£ߵϣûعʱһ֣˸ͷȵϡ
ֱһգקס֡
ŻˣԲۡ⺢ӾȻȥˡ
ǰǹ¶Ϊڹѧʱȥٵط򹤣͸ǣԱȻҪǣҲѵʱΪ׬Ǯһѧܿ죬ܿǣıΪѡĸ˱Щ׬ȡһЩСѡ
һ꣬˵ãԲκ⡣
ľսУʼźԺš
ߵúȴҲȡ
ǵȴһֱ᲻ȴվﲻҿ¾ŵµ
Ȼ֪̫ãֻȷŻõͬ
һҧһӣ͵һ˦֣ܣ
ͬʱµƥ˳ᣬĿʼ٣ڽѱ£ԽԽ죬ľս֮£͵س֮ǰĵȥ
һĲŽڿ쵽ǰʱ͵һ֣ͬʱƥǰ֫һ̧ǴŽһȵ˵ӡ
ǵԲۣζû˵
һȦȷˣŷǰЩ㷣
һֱۣŤͷˡ
۶һۣûҿڣˡ
ôãǻͷһμ
ͬ鿴׷ȥ
һֱ׷֮ǰĿշ䣬ŵͷҴˣҲòðȻֻǡĻᣬҲǼ֤һᡣҴˣû´ˣûеõķԸҾԲôˡҴˣԭҰɡ
СſǻҲˣ͵ػͷ㻹֪ˣ֪֪һô˽
ͷģֻ֪ȻǺӣĲøһһŸȥġ
ҲУ⻰˵е飬ոսһӱ⻹ǸϿң߹ȥ֪ˣ
Ҳˡ
⣬ˣ֪УҪ´Ρߺߡ
.ֱ֤ûˡ
źһԴֻ֪ǣСƭ˵Ĺ֤ʲôġǸơ
˺ˣ͵һۣ֮ǰĻ
һյı飺ʲôҲû˵ڡôģ
ʼȥʱýڣǺ˾˳ºһ̵ֵܹ游һˣʱǣһƥҺ棬ңָߣһѧˡʱһֱµزڼңҲ֪游ѾҲûʡ
ǳ˳飺һ졭ѧ̶ֳȣ
ӵͷû
⿴ȴּѵǫ飬뵽֣ĬĬԼԴӣҶԴզôأ
.ȥʹһֱ·Ҳ£
ҡͷ¡һµµΪȻлᣬҪץס
Ž߬СȭͷģǷ̾˰ˣȥͬ˵
ȥҺʱԷ鷿ڣվҪ̣ǰ׵
һֱûã̧ۣǰɣոǵѾ˵ˡ
Ǻӡе㹢뵽ͷҪ
ȴҡͷ˵ȷ֡κһ˶֡
£˵öԣȷУҲΪΪұ۵
뵽Լ˼ԽھΣΪͽ˼һֱûҶ롣
̾Ϣһʲô
ȥݸʶʶ
һһŵĶһ٣ո㿴Ҳ
Ӧˣǡ
̾Ϣһڤڤ֮еȷЩ²ܿƵġȿţҲ⺢Ǻõģ١ָҲʹں̵ܶʱѧѧɵġ
ź˱صݹǷţֲԤУ߹ȥӲֽӹ
ȷ꣬ɫ΢΢˱䣬̧ͷˣ⡭
ѹ㿴ˣ־㸸׵ţòȣб䡣ԭǰҪǨֻһֱû㸸׸ѡ񣬵һΣֱʵӹְλʱҽǰȥݸְֻ֪ҪʱһЩΪڶҼǨ֪ݣֻԽһҪ֪ãȴܽҵλãֻǺȴðգ㸸׵ǰߣֻһ;ҪдģҲˣô룿
ۼţòѡ˵һ֣ꡣ
˵֮꣬һһλǰ֮ؼ꣬ʱˣ֮ǰصĹ֮ϼλáֻǵطʵΰҲãȥúѡ
һȴҲҲ˻ɵ·
뾩еռҷָƾһ֮λ
ˣ֮ǰ˲Ż˵ּãһڽ뿪ǰ֮ڲѸٰѧ̸Ϊ뿪˵һ
һ̧ͷˣҶˡѡһ
ѡԶ뾩ͱ˾ģ¿ࡣ
ֻǲ֪ΪΣԺһӰܿʧӰ٣ۣ֣˻֪ҸףΪռӣС
ó̾һ
ûͳ˵ͬˣȥãȺһͳҪȥü졣
û뵽ȻͬˣӦˣҪǻؼҡ
ûסס
ͷ
߹ȥ.ͷ뵱ڣڻü
һʦ㲻Ҫͽ˰
ô᣿ֻǡһкܿ࣬ʦڡ
ҡͷʦģϲļʹ辭ˮǧɽɽ𺣣ҶԣȻֵȥ׷ѰģǲϲģʹͬǣҲζͬʦµľڡ
ģãźһԴЦˣˣϽؼҰɣǵȼˡ
Ӧˣͷۣͷڰ֡
еֵֹģȥݸľϲû룬̯ܿλѾţϵš
ֱصɿļͬһ˵ˣôͻȻҪȥݸˣ
û˵ҪģǸһȥʶ£ѧϰһݸǱľ飬ѵˣҲһôһᡣˣʹ˶ȥûµġ
˵ҲȥǷĲ٣ɡվǶ˰
ӣģ˵ģܻܸϵϡ
ŽҲǰظͷһڼҪǲڣöܰ
С
ͷԣұǲǼǴˣȥȷ졣
еڣɶȡˣ֣߬ҿ϶ϻСص϶ø
룬ˣŵҪܸϻãϲҲܸ֣Ǵˣ֪𣿡
Ӧո֪⼸ͣӦҰ⡣ȽڶȥƵʱû£ϲ
һֱȳ˷һȥ쵽ʱסƣСذ¸˵
ƿ
ͷҿۣߵϵҪǳһԶš˵͵͵̧۷ɿ쿴ۣ͵ؾס·ĶϽ죡ٶ϶ұ֤
ƾͷû
չȥļ򣺡㿴ĴδӦû쵽һݸǱߵزԺлҲȥŬѧʣ㿼ŵʱҲҪȥǱߣʱһȥ
̧ͷʱȦЩ죺ģ
ţģ
ƻ᲻ãһܼһѾܲᣬҪȥüգΪѣӦˡ
ɿһź첻ˣֻǾԺſʱͿʯǽԶһССӰվС֣
û뵽ƻ۶ֻüҺܿͻأСҰ
ֱǣûסͷۣȴѾʲô
һֱֱӰһ߻ȥ
һߣˤţ·
æӦˣĿǰźǼ۶ȥǺ󲻾þƬӣһչӰ߲һ˵ӰнԶ

ʮ

ͬһƬӣչԽԽɫĹԭһ˵
һ۶ԽԽһ˳Ӿͷ
Ϊ׵üۿʣЦīָ΢һֻýıӣ罫ϴµĵ˫ǳ仪
һֻһУʱʱĿȥһۣ߬۵״Цαǰǰһջ֤ϲ
˵֤ģʳԡ


53 
żһ·Ӽ۽˲, ŵ˿ϲЦտбߴк硣
һ֣ӽ˳Ǳͱ棬Ǽֵ
һֱźܽԺʯ, һַý, ͬеļۿȥȻ, ҽ壬ȥݸǰͬ˵á
ϰܿ뿪
ʯǽ, ͷŰɽϵԺ, ͷĽ, 룬ϵ
Ϳһ, ǽˡ
һȥ˽ʮĹ, ݸǱ׮̫鷳, ٿһ죬պ, Сص, ǰһոϲ
ʱֻһ㣬ʯǽΪڽԭԣƫƫ޷ӡ
Ů߹ʱ̲סƵƵȥǽɣüۿʼ, һĵĿ᲻ƿߡ
ôĿⶢţȥŮջߣɬ첽߹ȥֻ߹̲סͷȥ
ϰ߱ôƣȴҲףǺܿ졭ͻᡰġ
Ȼ͵ƻͷŮͻȻ֪ʲôϣģǷӦ
ôԶܿ۵׵ĺԼ࣬վȥͷȥʯϣ֪Ҫȵڳ֡
ûڰԺЩʯ£ǿλãֵһսµ۵״ŽЦ
ֻһ̣ͻȻͷϷȻһһӰմϷһӣǰ۵°ڷ·Ļ̳¿ڣݿһ
ûҲûʲô飬ɴȴ߬й¶˿̵
һļûסˣûôŻŻСظϲš
ƱһҲգԭ񾭷ииУǰˣۣȻӹ֣ǣڿ㡣
̧ۣŶ԰ɣսЩ㿴ұλﳤòһֱ㿴ҪҪҰȥ
οһۣԼ˰ɡ
Ź֡
ҲˣߣҺüǰͰᵽ׬Ǯ˸ƹݣ¾ƹݺլӣ޽һԺ䡣
ΪԺܽʱƾͲסޣÿ϶
һ·ϣס˵ȥݸ£֪ȴû˵ÿ߼к
ǶԽ̫ϤϾԴǰİոźǴ򽻵ƽʱһƤһͦηӶࡣ
ȴֲͬϾΪֹŹ
˵иǮȴҲȲպܴﵽĳɾ͡
гһճΪ״Ԫɣǰ;ɹ
йĿһһŹѾϰӦףȴֶֻôԣȻִ˲ƣһء
ĬĬԴİգٿ񹲷ߵĿĿĳ
ſ˼һۣתü
Ƥͷװɵ
˵ҲΪ˲׾ûôԣλͲͬˣʮμͯԣͬԸԵһΪͯ겻ʮĲμԺֱӳΪǲһλŹ
ȻȻҲиģڲͷһݣͲͬ
ԵһʱݸǱߺܶԺҪƣѧʼߵҪΪͽƾܾˣ˲ء
쵽ƹʱɿϰߵģ˶˵пǰۺôһ㶼İµԣιô˿ɶ㿼أһҪǿУʱ򡭡ȿȡ
ƫͷϣ۵״Ц⣺Ҿȥŵʦүʹ
飬ЩСΪ˶һ棬ȥҪ״״ļھӼҵѼҧ˿ڡҪǼּëƤ£ܷ裬Ҳܡ
ƿһ˵ŶĻҪ˵ЩʲôʹӽϾƹݳͷߺȣϰɺɻˣ
ʲôظˣܳ۾һһ½ļ򣬡СӻҲǰ˵һ
ⲻǸյôˣҪѼҶҪԴһͣϹһȦûסЦ̵һ¡
㣡˺ܶȥкСϽͱõʳȥԺ
ΪǾƹæʱ򣬽ǰͷкƵԺ򿪺ԺţʱǰԺֶ
ǼԷ䣬½⣬ʡ
Ժ䣬סԺƷֱסڶԺӵסôһŷ̫ģÿζסƵЪԺ
ԭǽԺȡ塰д顱ԺѧЩ֮Ҳ͹ͷۣҲѧСЪޡЪϢסޣͬͬ⣬ʡ
һȡһҹңľͽЪԺдҡ
Ժɽ˵ҪƸģѧڼȡôԺֱ񻰡
ƺ֪ô˵ģɽûٹܹϾǱ˼ҵ£Ҳʡ
ƽʱסЪԺԺж᷿ưסһһ䣬Ժǰ߿ԺţС˰ѷʳ˵Ժʯϣǽӹңһ˦ȥŶ¾ͻ
ƵߴɨûóĴ㣬ֻҡͷصǰ
С£Ժһˡ
Ƕôϲ˴Լĵ̣ƽʱ˴ɨ߱ģԺæ
ƵûһҾͻˣһƨ.ƶ棬ŲɫԵġ
ƿζһҲ⣬ľ翪ʼǷ
һ·ϻҹûô˯³껹Ҫ
磬绹ȥԺ𣿡˰뷹žûٶտһۡ
ҡͷȥӷ١
ã¸ȥ裬һ·糾͵ģϺҲҪɲô̭ˡֳһڣûش𣬿ȥ˹ţû
ŲߣƲͣ£̧ۣԡϴԼɡ
ۣ룬вǾϴһ飬ôûú첻𣿷ﲻҪˣòУ˵ԡĹոպã˵ҶеģһԡզˣֲһľͰҲ֪ɽЩ궼˵ɶѧ
ΣǾһɡ
֪ףԡСʵһԵɣȻǵԡ
ʮǰͷһθȥݸʱƼһСõرϲʯѧӴƵɫΪƣΪһȻɡ
ʱ;úСأϲ֮£óռ׬ǮƭǼٵʯ
ǰһЩƿǮЩĶ
͸ͱ
ֻȥݸֳһ
һ۾;ɫƵͫʣֺһ۾У͵͵
ýû취ȳԹطĿյС˳³ʳˮ
ȥú·װĽв·£Ʒʱţȥ
һ.ȥľͰУƣС
¶ȣС£ǺܿľͰ
ֻһתͷƼǸ˶ͷۣȴҲϰˣһǰСһÿԡֿ
ô죬ֻˡ
һһ£ͷƴ·ֻͷתưڰ֣ٲˮˡ
ȴȥ˶
ãѸ·Ҳӣֲٿ⡣
ƽʱҲֻշֿôãر˵ݸ˭ˣ
ˮˮ죬ܿ;˭
ﰡ쿪ֱ۴ľͰԵһģӿе
澲һβſڣƽûʲôλ
Ӵϰƫͷ磬ɴɻȥ㲻ǰɣСȥͯڸǻͿźҪ޸㣬ɶˣǷ֪ǧ𣬷ǹȥݸ٣ŻΪСΰǱߵĲȥ˷ˣպ÷Ｐǣϯͼһ棬á¡
ûʲôˮûУһˮϣι·Ķû˯ţ˯˰ɣСأذأ
û˯룬벻ʲôģˡƵ·һж£
ͷһŮӵòתˮſͰ߸ȥˣҪ˵ǿǡϾ֪ǧ֪ģСʱȻðʧЩͼ죬濡
ͷһμŮӼ񣬺ĲУҲ̲ס࿴ۣҲͼסˡ
϶Ůͷ㣬Ͼ̫ãƲһǵֵܣƺõһˣЩھ˵˳
ƺⲻȤûٿ
˸ǷܿѷԺ󣬡˹ˣƽʱôţ۳Ҫˣͦͷġ
Ӧ
̲סһˮȰҪͨԣ˾кҲˣҲᡢᡢģ
һʹɱﵣΣҲߡ
һ״Ԫ಻ʣҪλòɣò׿ˣȻҲȥǻ졣
ƣȷҪ𣿡
ţְ鶼ˣ˸ƹﻹ֪ȹոϲȱ˵
Цã˵
ЦˣͷֶԷԡһûУǻɣۣҲ磬ͻȻһ̽ͷſơ
˲ϰȫˮףֻ¶һͷο
ſﲻʲôŶԡ
СӣһζûҪСˡ
ƶϽĵģƣʹʲôƫͷ硭ڽ˫۷ʱƼ
ͨˮˡ
仹С
Ⱳָˡ
ϴ贩·ʱ߶߶ˬֹ죬մۣһͷѾ֪ʱۣҪ˲߶Ͻܹȥͣ
ƶһ٣Ҳ֪ô쵽ģͷһûʪô
Ķͣ±𶯣ûˣһ¡ѸתȥԼĶǸУ󣬵Ϳһתȥ
ƵŵĶֱϣɫʲôӹжȻתȥ
ߵ󣬵ͷ򿪽УƼĺٳϵƣɫ̫ƣû¶ƾСصֵ˨Ҳס
óѿ˵Ľһӣպϡ
ǵͿһֱ̧ۡ
̧֡
⿪䡣
ΪһŷԼĸͷǱƻͰͷǰͳò̫ߣСʱԲӪûϣ˵Ҳһ߶ཫһװˣҲߡ
ⱲȥݸûãƭƸһȿռţƭ˵Ǵݸģȵ󡭡
ǿ׿һװˣͬţ̵ġֱӱ˴ͷ
ûסǸϵģ˼ȴܵȸͷϡ
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ֻһȣֱӽһſƱϡ
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ӣ˼˵Ҫô˵ȸͷûȺãˤˡ
ô˵£ô˵
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Ϊ㲻˵ҾͲ֪˵ʲô
ƱߵһۿûסЦͬһ䣬Ҳܳôߡ
һۣҰɡ
ʱ˵Ƶʱȷѧᣬٽ
֪Ǹִ޵ģÿնѧʱ㣬첻ֿʼһʱȭѧҵһֻ˯ʱ
֮ĬĬצӣѧ»ȭȾͺãˡ׬Ǯ
û뵽Сص̣һʮꡣ
ִ˸Ƿʵ̲סȥ
صԼ䣬һſô˯ˡ
ʱѾͨͨģͷһƫͿͷսĹӳ齱վһˣһ͵
ʱҡ
۶һɿСأվŸˡ
Ƶǿˣ
һƣǿھиſش齣١һ
ڴ齱ߣű̺ļ򣬡ٳپǱǿͣȥ˲ס
ſͷϣͷһʹ˵ȣֻǹӾ⻹δ£ͷġ
ǿһ۷죬ƣͻȻ±ۣվڵϣСкÿúܣҴɡ
㣬СֻҪ׸۾С
һ˼յ·ݸհҪСعʮǿһʵڴ
ƿֱӳţͷֱۣӰƵãЬϣҲ±š
ôȣʲôҴҴ˳ͷҲˡ̫죬ûˣôߡ
۵ѥӵĹѾҺ·
ʱվţүƵ쿪֡
ûƣ΢Ĺãᣬûô
죬Եɼ䣬ǲ˯š
ֱͷϴĴУۣһƬڣֱһȥǰԺյãһ·ϰȣ.ȥǰ̧̤.ȥ
ﱾھƹݵָӣǰظָպǶѽڣЩ궼ǰϴͣٵ
ͷøߴʵɣ۵׶Ц⣬ΪʣԵᣬҲð͸Сӣһ˯Ҫظȥ㣬㶼ˣˣ
ǰĲˣٴҲ׵ıСء
Ķͷ˾ҪˣҲЦ
ƽӹ̣̣ȥӺˡΪǴӣϾƹûͣ˳ﻹмûˡ
ûϾԼʮĺӣĵ׶ӡ
ûǹȥһѾſڡ
֣ˡԼɽˣϯϿһ̳Ӿƣˣϯᵽ˹Ǩ£ˬźЦЦ£󣬱ڸ磬ʱҲᵽҲСӺһ֡һߣԺۣඡ
ȻҪȥҪһݺЩ꣬շ
ȴǲ̧ͷ˶һۣղתߡ
ͷưǷʵȥ͵һۣͿһʱ֪ϯϿǾϲ
һ߾꣬ûعأÿڶݺһݵ˸ϣһǵҡ
ǰܿߣ͵һˮѧӲˣˮͲǺöǰȣʮˣûʮһ࣬͵һҲ˴š
ϯѾԺӣһЪԺ
ҹģһȵǱˮеͷ΢ƹͤʱɴһս.ȥˣͤĳϲ
һֱһԣ䣬ȥ˯
ˣȻٻأȡ
ƶ˶٣̾վǰʯϣ泯ţ磺ûҪǿȾƣһͨ߶
Ц˸ţȹգ͹˲ˣġҪ˰
ˣǰûãʦҲû˵ͻȻҪߣʱöûȥС
ƣʮ࣬˵㲻ʦ
ְͷչȥһЩŲᣬΪҿұΪǰǻ˵ģˡ˵Щ궼ҿڣߣҶǰɡǿط꣬Ȼ˵ˣôʦͽһȻ뵱ҵҾװ֪ˡҸÿ·ȥտ߲
ƿֻ˸ƣ֪ʯͷӲŲȥȴ˳סƵ֡
һ㶣ţ
ͿһҸϷ
ͷۣ̯ϷʮˣǰɵƭС⻰ڽһۺ󲻿ˣԼ࣬ɡ
ߺһ֪ˣαأǲǣ
ˣͿһ쵽ǰƣǲǿյģһץ̯ģһǣϲⲻ⣿ǲǺ
ޱ˵˵Ļϲ⣬
һѰջһⶼûУǡԼԡֽǣҪӽֻһתЦվָϲ⣬ȻϷ˵㣬ɣ
ǣɨùָĴޱתߣš˶٣˾䣺𡣡
Ҳɢɢˣ뿪ͤʱӻһһӣСأһˣʮףо١
ӹʱ̧һӣȶ֣ȻһС
򿪣һֻһͼֵƵǺʡ
Ǻʾþòܻ
ѾߵȣͷͤɵվţС㻹ز˯ˣ
Ӧܿǰ
̽ͷϲɣ
ϲ
һЦʱŹϣ洫еǣҲ˭ѡġ
ûסҲЦˣŽеȴһս߻Լķ䡣
һ磬ȥǰԺƹǰЪԺһ۾Ϳƴžװ뷿ԶĿյϴȭ˰ŷʯϣ᷿Ǳ߿ȥǳСأ
ջȭʯϵĺ˲˯
һСӣˣ˯ɣȥǰͷѵһգȳ԰ɣˡ
ӦˣƼԶͷۣҲûȭ
ֻûʱȥ̽ͷһûأ
Ӧˣǡ
ȥСӣ
Ҳȥ̣ǲ£ԴദˣΪ̫ӣһֱẠ̊́£̶̰˯
¶£Ϳһе¡Ҳû˵ʲô£ߵķǰģ
һ춼ûС
ֺ˼ɴֱ߿ţ߹ȥһƿıӡ
ڱһ湩øƿʣһıŤҶˣƱӣ㻹ĵ
ﱻЦˣĵϱҪҪ
ŵһ£ˣˣˣɱ𡭡һָŶڼ꣬ɱһڻ
ûסЦˣ⼸ӹúˣϿ˾ƹ˴򽻵ˣҲˬʲ٣㵹룬ȸϱҲȸظң㡭Űɣ
űӲ䵽󣺡㿴㿴Сأƫġ
һ̽ͷϣƾȻڷ㲻ɣС˼ϱˣСɲѱ䰡
ֱϹŵıӣӻشϣЬɡ
Ҳûۿ˱ˣǸýŸߣҾûôλҪŸ˵׵ģ˵Ҹõģ˵㱾˲ߣƹݵ¾Ҫˣʲô¶
һˣôģ
Ҳ÷˵ظŹӦ˵׵ĸôһСˣ
˵ʮˣҲǡȢϱˡ
һۿһ£УһҪýŵ˼ȥһҲ˵߻飬һͷ


54 
һŵǰ, һ۾ͿýǺȲ裬ԶС˽ͷӶ˵ʲôһϽүȥ
û, ¥û򿪴š
ýſһЦһջ, ǵյĹˡ
˵ޱ鹴һ, ֱ棬˵ýǸҸõģҪҲſ˵⣬˵, ļҵĹﰡ, ýƶġ
ýЦӸࣺ˵, ϶붼벻Ҫǳ, ǿǡûԼ˵, Լһİˡ
ƹ, һ۾ƼһĻɣѵ⻹Ҹõģ
ûʲô, ֻͬһ, ں󷽣ָۣϥʶţ顣
ýƶ˹̲סۣһ۾ͱƸסĿ, Ⱳ˵ôˣûȺݵɡ
λһһ
λκһڲýŷԲﶼͷһݣýʷס
ֻϧͷ̫ѿУдţֻ֪֮׼λΪĿꡣ
ý˿ڲˮʼĻʽ䣺Ӵôýûȱ־Сӣϸ˵֪ʲ˵׸ҲǰҲʣƹ⣬Ҳ⣬ֱһ԰οҲдԵ֡
ۣͣͣͣ˵ļҰɡȥ䵽Ҳûͷ
ô֪ôһλòǮ֪һ֦С
ѹý죬Ҳ˵ɻģȴ.ȥˣô˵ȷЩʰ˵ôɻ飬飬Ҳǿɵİ
ﲻ֪ʱԶĵĬĬŲߣýųٳٲĿյ̲סڣýˣļҵİ
һʱģ֪ģˡ
һѣһֱ⣡˵꣬ڴýš
ýſθڵ֪ţһڲˮҲÿˣһڣý죬̲ס˿ڣҪôãµúúʺúô̽̽
ýصҡ
ΪĶһ٣ţңĸң󿴵ýζЦ£뵽ǾдԵ֣һûˣҲýһ뵽ʲôൽˮֱ˹ȥ
ýűЦŵ˽ٳ˳顣
һǺˣϽóӸýŲԲסԲס
ü궼ûô˵£һʱ䵹ǰ뵽¡
ȴǳѣٻҪ˵͵ٻ
һ٣ڼԼΪλʧ̬ﻹӣҭ£ĬĬ¸ýϣˣý˻ԼɡǸҹϵҲ˵Ҳ뷢
ýſҲŭϽͣӱȱοģ˵ˣȢٻҪ׸ûûɲãǼٻ޹޹ʮһ޹˵һǲϵ˵Եְٻʶô꣬ôˣٻģֱŮӸרŽ̹ѧʣֹ֪ɣһ԰
֮ǰһ˵ý˵ôõľȻңûֱӸϳȥΪ˽ϤҲ֪ٻҸ׸ģȻȥ׸붼롣
ֻ׸Ļ˸ˣҾ̵ңý˿еٻǰǸý˿еԵ֣׸ķвƣ
뵽ٻݣýŻûϵĳٻȴ֮ǰλ˵ǰԴӼǺģʮ˱䣬ڲҲ˵ϵġ
ý̵ԶԶԣҪ㣬ҲŰҲ֪⼸ҪҸõģ׸ǲʣⲻ뿪ˣǿ϶Ҫ׸ųģͬŮױҲ񣬻˵ˣҪвģᣬǶӦ
Уϵ̫ˡǼҲ׼ҡ
ٻģٻȷǸӺõģҲǵС۵ģɡѹûٻϱ
ڴл񣬿ܾɿٻףɣ
뵽ϾȻѡѡȥȻˣֱֲԤУھǱβǵϵĴСᡣ
ĬĬ˺󼸲䵽ǰѹߣ߿ߡýŶ⣬ҲԶˡ
ҪߣͻȻĴţˡ
Ԥвãǡɣ
Ȼ˻û¶棬ˬʵӣţң㡣
ĬĬԴһأ㣬ڣô죬һЩ˲⣬զˣ
㶵ģýһĴȣѾߺˣأͷء
ˣֻȥţҲûСˡ
ԼȥŰ壬̾ȥСֹɲܰѶƽӰٻǵ۵ģɡҲٻôŰ
ƽӹŰ壬Զš
տ˸Ű壬ѾϽºϣֱ۾ýǱߴ߼л
вãƾȥҲ˵Ҳ̣ȴڵѪﳤδŮ
ҲһԽԽ⣬޲õ˹үǰզû֣ôθڣЩҲϣԽ
һۿһһҪס
֣Ӱ㿴ʶʮ꣬⽻鲻˵Ҳ֪֪ףҼٻңģȻûÿΣȴҲõó֡ԸҲ˳ȻһǸϵڣģҪǾǸ¶ݷ򣬰ߣһϲϲ׼ңǣ
Ҫ˵ݣϺݣΪӦǴųһ
Ͻ֣⡢ⲻǡԵɡﱻŵҪݷʲô¶ҪǵϲҾﱻϵͷƤ飬
Ϳһ̣ٻ֪𣿡
ϵıȻһ뵽ʲôǳ鴤һ£һӣͷĲһ֣ĸ֮ý֮ԼͬͬûϵֻҪúãպ¶һ³ɻ鶼û⣡ҰҼҲ޶ɡ

ٻ⵽ô̼ˣ
ƶһۣԴٻ
ѸվףͻȻ˹Ҫ߽Ҫȥһ׮ڣСȥһˣ˳һƷիĵġ˵˵ˡ
˵꣬ϻסѸٴСشڽţӺųȥ
˵⵽ʲô̼ˣ֮ǰúõģʮ죬ѵڼ䷢ʲôˣߴһƷիȥüġ
ҪǱֱӸˣϲͬ
ദô꣬ɡҲס
ƣȥ
̾ϢһĿǰֻˣƵһƷի䱦ʱһ۾Ϳٻվڹ̨ƹĽ˱ŷ٣ֻһֻΣһźˮüҲº͡
Ϊ̫ǰδ̫עƹٻģ°ͣýŹòû˵ٻ浱һҹ㡣
ҷֿ˲ӣ䱦Ҳн˽Ĺɷݣ棬һݣݸܵһ̡
ٻǰǺ䱦ܸȤȫȨգһĶͷ۹⣬䱦ڲг̵ơ
࿴ۣͻȻǰһ£̧ۣͶ濴Ŀ⣺Ҳ˼ô
һЦˣٻңôܣ
ȴĪ֣أ
.Լǰ.ƵģСذԼеģҾٻĿϣҲֻῴ㲻ῴңİɡ
ôһҲģֱӾͽ䱦
˺üò̧ĨԼ
̽ͷСأ㷢ʲô
ƺܿ촹۸ϡ
һ֣ԭֵ䱦˲侲ó棬Ǽһ𣬶ᣬʱʱơ
ٻƹĿ⣬߱˱һɨ磬ôˣγ侲ûӱġ
նƼۣҾ˵Ҫǿܲģ
̧ۣٻֻĮͷ
ٻɣˡôֵֹģ
ֱһյڲ¥Ķ¥˵˺ٻţ˵ʲôýȥҡҡһǵͨ죬Ŷһ½ţô
ڲ˵ʱҧķҪȢ㣬㵽ô̼ˣ˵ҪǿԡһºҲû⡣
ٻһװףҧݹһڲˮҲˡ
˸ĿϺ͸Ķƫȥǵͷ׷ģСˣֻˡǣͺá
ѹЩ˵ôż£пϵø˲ŶԣǼҲ׸Ҳôǿ˭̲ϧɱȸզ㱻ˣ
ٻʲôɱô
ָָԼңСųģϷҪƳɹүɱ죿
ٻ˱ˮǡһͷ˵˵
̯֣Ҫ˵ͨҲͲյҼҾƹݲˡ£һָΪҪ˵ףҪһѷýĶһɾûˡԡ˵ɣ㿴˭˰ų
ٻͷȲ費
ɲҲᣬһı˵ͨһ֣ɾ͡
ٻҲŵ˵ɣҿϡţˡ֧֧ģ˵Ĳ̫
û壺˵˭
һֱһûڵͻȻ̧ͷٻһۣ´ۣ塣
һֱٻ͸էȻƵĻƫͷûʶţ˵ˣ㺰ˣȶۣһĻһ飺Բۣ
Ʊ𾪵ģ䣬̧֣ĺ󾱣һתͷתȥŶ棬һ·ûڣʱĮȴ鲻ڣʱģ
ٻͷøͣɶ˵˳һҧ̹ף͡ǰ¡
ƣǰ䱦¸պѺڻ˴ߵǴΣ
ٻһЩֹһˮһġʱǼĲʶڲص䱦£.Ϸʱ˸ϣ˿ǻպùʱҲͷһμ֣¾ͰЩƷ
˺üĻع񣺡Ӣ۾
ٻͷ£硭˵ˡ
ס죺УҲ˵
ٻҪ
ǰڲĸ֣ûܵǮһУһʼֻмˣ⼸Ѿ󵽼ʮˣ겻ڼңûôٻûʲôӡ
ٻҲͼѣƫƫôˣ
ֲϲϧϰҲҪӦϾĿǰԣʵģٶȳɻٻͷ֪֪ף̫
ͻȻһ£㲻Ҳ˵˰ɣ
ٻѸҡͷûôң˵ڻ˵ֱҲ
ԺϸźΪϰ֮źᣬΪҪάеҲǰͷȫ󣬼ϵİ̺Ѿ˲٣ŵǺǿʣ˵ͻΪʮǰһֻʮͷɵѾͷԲӦģ䡭̫ʡ
ٻۣ֪ҲûΣֻǡֻݸ鵭֮ǰҲɻ顣ȴһֱ࿴ʵ׸ӣǰ첻Сĸˣ˵©졣
뿪¥һһƷիĵĻȥʱе㲻УҪ֪ˣųɶ
ѻᵽԷǰͷ߶Ϊ׵󣬴źɫװüǰס֣üƫͷȥĶˣ
õһ߹ԹԺ壬̧̧ϵĵģ˳Եġ
ȥ˽⼸첻ڣ˵áǶѽڣ¼ҹһҲûʲôùģŸһļ£պȥ
˵գһǣܿһ˼۶ȥ
ֱ󣬲ŰѶͷƵļһײײԴզھأ
ĺ󾱣鵭˾ͺˡҲֻһʱҲ˵ҲпܡݸҲ֮ȥ
ֵ̧̧֣ͷϿȥСأںûûСĺ𣿡
ƣˣ
ŤŤӣ̹ͦЦЦȻǡȥ಻񻰣ߣϽȥ׵õĿҪײҪ


55 
ȥ, ԶѽΪɣ˵ǰЪҵȥ˼·
ƽʱھƹæô磬Ҳȥ·
αû취ֻȥˡ
ֻԼ˵Ե, ˭ҲûŸ, ˮ, ۵׶ɫһξʮȥˡ̲ס.ֱȻһ£ʱôһ㣬һգ, ɴ߸Сˡ
˵ȦЩ, ôҲû뵽ӻܹ, Ҳúã˴Ϣ
, ˲, , Եˣȥˡѵý, ȥЩ, ˵˵ġ
ԶԣǸ˵˵ġһĨۣһ̾һĲ, ҲеҵظţܰµζдţЩﲻ񰡣ͳǺʱܳɼҵ
ԵľˮܲƤ»쵽һڣէȻ䣬һ£ôֲԤС
͵͵￴ȥ
պöЦۣѸֱͦȣ
ǰס֣˵ôãҲˣһﶼ˵ĸ֮ý֮ԣﲻ
ףԶԶԣӢ䡣
̾һǰɡ
ɱ˵ˡ
ҲˣҲûĵģպһһӶҲĵĿզ죿ô¼ҹһҲĲ¡˵öԣٻСųģ˵ٻļ̸۲㵱ҲٻٲᣬǾͰ˵ģȴҲ㣬ǰҲ̫죬ͻȻ˵һʱת䣬ǡ
ˣûеǰⲻתתǣٻڡ
Ҳٻڡ
֮䡭Ÿһôľ롣
⻰ֲͬ˵
һۣ￪Ǿƹݣﻹ֪ܲ⺢ǵģһͶ㣬㶼ʮˣٹһڣʱ㻹ƽ׸ϱ
¿Ե֣ٻӣⲻ͡ɶôĵ°ѵߵ˻ȥ
һӣ⺢Ұˣ˵Ĳ
ȿƣ
ƺ˿ڲˮ±յڿڣ̣Ҿ˵öԡ
ͽ
С㲻ҵİصܣôѱˡ
۾ʪ󣺡ظҵġСӣ
ӽͷ³ɱ˵ߣ˵Ҳи飬Ҳᶼãһϣ
һ㶣񡭡еô
ƣǶѽڣлƻᣬδŮӶˮƣ
⣺ôòŮӣһʺĳˡ
ǣյ󣬻ûĽƾͱϳƹݣ˳ﻹһǮӣǵģܸ˶⡣
ĬĬǮӣ˵ߣüһʮӡ
οǴֱʰ
߰Ǯ۳ߵƣ.֣ߺߡ
ƵͷЦţⲻǳˣ
ҲУСողûҡΪͬͬ˯ֵͻȻ͡
̯֣һ롣
ҵģߣͣ򡣡עȻתƣƣʮ޿ȥ
ڸ֣ǵʱʱһ֣ʱֵôһ˲漴ֻ͵͵ϵҲ
ϰߣ͸Ĵк
ϣֻûλǰ;ɹ׽
Ż治٣ԵһŹȴࡣ
꽫һо٣ǿȥ״ԪģϹϵ
ֻȴûҵᡣ
һ·й䣬ʱʱ͵͵ңȥȴֻűܱЦҲֻߵһ£ЩҶͷ
ȻԲסҲ¸ǲʵʵͷǿ
ĿĲڲأȹ϶ҪתǣʱҲߣҲûɻĴ㡣
Ȼôһûٸҡ
һյƣ˳Ҳһյˮȥ
ȵˮߣΧ˺ܶŮѰ˸䣬дʣʼš
꣬ŤͷȥߵƣһʣʲôԸ
ƿ㡢ңһֱһ𡣡
Ҳֻһʣû뵽Ļشǰס죺ɵ˵Ͳˡ
޹ˡ
һۣɿ֣ãȥһ·ţ
ȴһֱոֻϣòŸվ
ǰӶﰤһ˼ǡʲô
ͬʱһˡ
ôҰɣ尡
ʱȺѾϣҲһصĴ۰Ѵʬ̧ܹ˵·һյû硣
ʬʱϻӣβ˱ϣӦֽʯͷӣڷ⹰ŵ£Ǿһûڲᱻ֡
ʱˣʬ屻ӵ׵߱Ҳ͸ֱã󳹵ʧںӵס
Ϊӣû˸ҿΧںԶĵطѾǴʬʱ׼׵
⼸ͷʬַ֮ǰʬֱӾôˣƵĿ֣ףʼʬ
һ󣬽ժҪдʬ
Ѿúʬţ˵д
ҲûܿԼȶ˵дۣȷ֮󽻸ˣˣٳʬһʮ˿ڣأ඼ˣǰӦþʯͷãû飬޷֤ݡ
ԽɫԽѿмҪӣͷ£а𣿡
̧̧ۣû⣬Ҫ̧ȥϸ飬˼ѣܲѵʲôõ
ûĬȻӦˣ뿪ǰӦþơ
۰ʬ̧ţ˴˼Ѳ顣
ʬƻȥʱֵѾûʲôˣżģΪֻǵͷ߱ࡣ
߱úõ嵹Ҵˡ
ƣҵǾͦȤ
ͷ㲻ҲѧɣǿɲС޳˫ϣʵû취Сʬĳ
˶ԺͷѸ˦
ЦЦû˵
Ҳֻǻؼ;ˣ˵µ㵽ûаգҪûҲûϵҲôѹо¶ʱҪȥݸʱҸһȥ
ƽһ٣㡭ʱȥǿɲ죬Ҫ¡
ˣôûУҸ˵϶д㣬ղҪģһֶģһܶɣһ£ʱݰµļ٣϶ˡǰĲôһ£ҴӦ£Ĵû֣
ֲþҪŽţ͵͵һ£ͬķȴˡ
ڶǺһţȰ͵ŲżǰȥԺ
ŴûþͳţߵÿݣȴڣҲ˱ʧ˿ڣҪôƽʱͲż죻Ҫôǹ¼ҹһ˳ԱȫҲġ
ϽȫĹͷһ飬ԷϴССٰϿݴͣʮңһʱһؤԸ֪ЩϢܿؤˡ
¸źȥȰһؤ֣úȻأȥˣ
ؤͷ˽ү鵽ˣ˵ĹȥǼʱˣʮ꣬ûô򶷣⼸ոִģֻһ˷ϣиʯʱȥķ˲Ǯ˴˺üܣ󱻴˼¥Ĵֶ֣ͻȻûôˡ
˼¥üȷûϢӸؤһǮؤ뿪󣬲ĥһš
ȽȥʱѾˣΪûʲô£׮ӣһȦŷּںԺһ͵ʲô
°ͣ½ŲϢս̽ͷһһˣ
Ѹˢһվ˺ã
վʱ̯ʯϵĶֻƳ۾ϣȻſ飬ʵ
磡һϽվֱһȦû˲֪ˣˣѹǧ˵⡭㿴㿴
ޱһ飬һְһ飬㿴ǿ֣ţ
ۿɫ࣬ͷԺ󲻸ˡ
Ȼˡ߰ɡ
һ㶣ߣĶ
˼¥
۶һۣԲۡ罹绹㹻˼Ҿ˵Ƕôˣ϶ҲС棬Ҫȥ¥ȻƣǣԺǾǽӣܷԸ
ǼˣȻһձ飺ɶأȥ참ǰ˼¥Ĵֶ֡
˲һϵµĸо̫ˣ
ţ
ͷԣǣ硣
⣺ûˡ
˸ɥý磬кãǾòġ컹Ҫ˼ҵģ
аⰸ˾ͻǡ
˶һۣ⡭ҲУܱȽǿǲȥ޻ء
һž˲˼ѪļˣƣΪ˱һġ
ż۸յſھҪβ˼¥ȥոպڣ˼¥Ӫҵӡ
ֻǸյſڣͿվһˡ
ͷСأȻذɣҸ缸Ҫȥһˡ
ƳȥĶ
Ҫ˵ȥĶȥ¥£ֻһϣ۾濴ۣվֱ첻˵
ǰƵļ򣬹ѹȿȣҲûʲôⲻôѵöôУ԰ȥĳЩطǲһ¡
ƶһ٣ۣҲ˼ģǲһ£ǲ
Ϲ۵׵Ĺˣسֱ֣۴ļƿڵȻǡȥȻơ
ƣ
ҲĿģһۣͷһƴͷر룺Ͻ磬ȡû顣
üͷ΢Ҫȥ¥
ſƣ޹̯֣СôҲãϾǶôˣܲܲȥʶһ¶Բԣ
û
ûЦǰѴģ˾䣺ҪҲһȥʶ
ƣ
Ȼ֪ƾܻȥ¥˵ȥҲôȥˣζЦ£̧žҪߡ
̧ţһԳĬܾõڿڣá

ۣ磡
Ҫɽ֪Ǵѧȥ¥͡Ҳȴۡ
һ£ˣҲ뺰Ҫ֪Ҳܱۡ


56 
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ʵ̹״ӿ, СذҸ㿪Цء缸ʵȥ¥ģȥȻơ
ƵĿŲ鲻ѵϣüŶ𣿡
Ȼ, Ǽ˵ǲǣ
Զԣ, , ȥȥץǸ˭˭Ž磿޹
ǼĶˣզôٵأͿһС, ǵȥ, ƺǸ, ǰ˼¥Ĵֶ֡
Ʊףţ
ţ˵ˡʵ, ǵȥ, 治ܴȥ, ҾͶѡ
˹ࡣ

ƣո˵ʱǵͷҲǵͷ, ǲȥԣ
İɣ
δĻ꣺˵Ķ, 档
ƣˣȻ㲻ҲͲȥˡ
۾һҪֽкãƼһ䣬Ҳʵ˵, Ͼⶼǡġǵȷȥࡢ¥졢
᣺һ˵ǻǼٵҲˡ
ΪţֻӲͷƤȥ˼¥
Ϊ˲֮ɽȶƴߣ˸ͣȷٴôۺ󣬽һ˺ƺ
Ϊףż۷òһվ˼¥ļﱾǰһˣŵһ£ߵġλСүӲס
ޱ飬һ¹죬Ű˻رܡ
̤˼¥˶õߡ
һȥԭֵЦŮһһʱﾲó档
˼¥Ĺܿһȣü۶飬ҲʮͣȴΪʵĳԽͿӶ¥ʱҡһЦ䣬֡
ͷȥƣüվֻվǰ̧óרΪ׼ƣѯʣһ¡
ߴӽɨܿӼӹҪſʵϣֻǵ䵽һͻȻƲĿ⣬֪λǣҲģ
һۣŲһסƣͷʹȥҲаͷ¶ƴߣҲʲôл˵ʯʶ
ףȻʶūﵱ֡
չ󴦿ִ
һһʱһǰ߸˼üͷø̧̧֣ʱĸֳڽǰ֣ģнλү㡣
үʲôʵʵʲô˵⻰ʱһֱŽ촽΢䣬֪˽үɻ⣿
࿴һۣ˲ע⾯һ£תߣš
ֱϹϾģү
ǰǿɼʯɸͻͻԵʲô
˶һۣ뵽մϵʬ壬һ鲻æʵش𣺡Ǽ͡ǰϣҲͻǼһ١ȻԵɵģǰȻƻ˯˹ǮܣǴȻҪҪǮˣ˵ԼһӶûСǰյϵĹأûǮԣһٴٲ˵ģԡһ٣ûģʱȻˣǻŵģ
üͷ֮أ뿪ʱб˿
˶һۣ̫ǵʱʱûãڻֺģүҲ֪ϵ⣬ʱЪûˡ
ͷִ
ָûף⡢ⲻ̫ӦûаɣҪǳֵģһǶǰͷ
µĵһ˵ʯϵǳ˾ƲСײһˣ˳һܣ˲Ҹʯʯ˵˾ʲô˵ʱɫÿɾȻôˡ
ԶԶԣҲˣǸүҵʱԱߣΪҪ
ĸҵүô֪£
˵ĸңϾ¥Ǹ£ԱСӣ
ɾƢȻ˻ˣ
˭֪أʱүͦżģӦż뿪ɡ
˵⣬üϸѯʼȷ󣬽ޱ鿴ˣʯˣĴĿǰ˵˿Ӵˣʱɻûϴ壬ʱš
ȻӦš֪ĲˣҪ뿪ȴ㻽ס
Źȿϵ·ȾͬɫָһΣǻĶµҡҷǶʯһΣ࿴һۡ
ʯͦÿġԴʮǰȥݸϵʯʱƣЩ꿴ÿʯ࿴ۡ
ֻһ۵ףùڴЦˣүūһһЩʯ£뵥˵仰𣿡
ƿһۣ룬ȥ
͵͵һۣ»ͷƴС棬Сڡ
û룬Ͼһ𱣬һŵˣֳϹϵֻǵͦģϾʬ徹ȻǸʯǵ˭ˣ˵Ϊ˿Ӳˡ
ȥ˹սǣܿˣ˵ʲô
ˣΪֻҲװˣͷۣ㣬˵õƽʱװʶˣ
̲סЦˣңɺüûˣūֲȥ㣬ò״ѶңˡҾͲūҾǮˣ
Ҫ˻Ķô󷽵Ķң˵һܲ㣬˼¥Ȼŵù㰡Ҳһ£ۻæҪԺһһΣ
ӵһ٣ҲЦˣҪҪô󣿡֪ģΪ˼¥ϰ塣
һβ˲ã˵˼¥Ȼÿ׬Ǯ٣ͷݸ治ں
ҪҲǰ㣬ǰ˿л˼¥ҪصС檣Ը⣬պõʱź˼¥ԵӲһ׮ӣպˣ֮ǰй֮Ե
һǵ˵İӣҲǴɫָ֪˲ˣڶʱ֪е̯λϹ˻֪иպĶͣҲϸæ
ʱ£̽ҪƷвãȥС³á
ʱԼвǮɴ취˼¥֮ϵ㣬˼¥ϵĵңĻģɣȡ˳ɡ
ҪɵģҪȫֻˡ
ʱҲΪ˰ѹ
̾ϢôһǮĶңô죿
ͻȻۣ߳ЦˣսһЩңϴλǡŰɣ
۾ֱŷ·ð˹⡣
ʱɲ⡣СؿһۿɿڵСˣˮģŶ
һЦɶ
Ŀһۣ뿪ǰ󾯸棺Ժʶ˶٣УСء
˵꣬̾ת󲽳ȥżüŪ۵ۣߣ
Ƥˣǣ磡סѵһϢûõڨܾˣܣǽһǱ˵
ѧȴ˳˼¥ųһҪСؿ˼¥йϵ;ô̼
Сص۶ܱˢһΣҵҵŵţ羹Ȼ˽￪¥
߳Զŷִӳ߶û⣬Ͼ⼸ǸսŵģͣȻͲ󣬵߰Ŵʮˡ
ֻǡСôҲû
˼䵽ߣȣСذôˣ
Ʋ֪ʲô˺ü߲ڽϣǲʣнչ𣿡
ţаɣ
Ƽ󵥶˵ĿʲôҪ
ҪðɡһãȻưϵ߸ժҲûʱģǰߡ
üģ˵ʲôƳ֪ʱļۣŶŲһ٣˲ײϽһתŤһţſվȣȣ硣
ۣߣȻȥһ綼׼ȥҡ
۸ϽӦˣһˣ½׷ͼ͵¡
ֻʣ½ƣŵͿһʵɣǱҲû˵ʲô̫õġ
ƣǾٹ˽Źͼӽļ䣿
֪Ϊĵö˱ˣôܣʮˣֻСꡣ
ƣ䲻⣬Ͼͱﻹꡣ
ˣ֪ôСȥֵطСѧˡ
ҧҧסĲӣʼ겻ܵĹģСذ˵˵㣬֮ԸôãǶǡΪ㰡
Ϊңüͷ΢šŲͣˡ
һᣬҿûĴ㳤ʶɶģҾǿϵ׹ӺÿͦģĶģԺ͸㣬㿴ϲû˰ɣС˵˵ô
һ㶣üչһ˫۲֪ǲǱӵĹյ÷⣺棿
ԹһۣԺ󶼲ˡ
ҡͷС˶٣ᳶһ䣬Ҫġ
ѾüûôԵӣĶǾˣУ򣡡
ԴСͻȻñ֮ӶˣͻȻָСʱôԵģʵܲס
ɻأ֪ƾı£òСһСء
Ȼصƹʹȣ֪֪æҲûʣǳ˷͸ǻЪԺϽЪϢ
ԵеţһִƣһŶӣһϣԽԽˣϧ³
ߵ߶߶ģҲš
ȵ˷ſڣëˣԱöֱӰڴϣȥˮϴϴ˯
ڰ֡
ƳȥԵţˣ֪˶ã½ڴ齱ߣָһȥԡ
оԼҪ˯ȥҲܲסһڣʵھúܣȻ쿪ֱۣСӣȥԡ¡
Σֱֱ̧۴ڲϣɴȥȾͷĶ
˼ЩĶһѬ˸Ƿۣ˻ġ
ưһľͰǰ磬ö쿪ֱۣСӣ·
ǶҲѸ£˭ԡҪûڵġ
Σദôﲻַ֪ˣɴվãȥۡ
үƵվǣֻǵĿʼʱܾԼʲô
ʲôҲûжСҪϾ
žડһ죬һӽѵ޷֧ŵĻ
һ㶣̵ͷȿɶԼ˵ʲôȻعѾȥ
Բۡ
ȵȵȣ񣡡˵žҪ˹ȥ
ͬʱѾõ֡



57 
һ˲, һǵͨ죬ǧȫû뵽гһգȻԸСؿС顣
ֱ
Ӧ֮ǰһж, ͵˹ȥһѶŵ, Ϊȥպó, ʱ򲻾ƳۣƳǳҳʲôʱ, ڱ׾֡
޲ûص֮ǰ, ּ, ôͷҪûǼ۵飬ҸϽһֻ, һ, һ, ڽ䡣
βѣôʲô¶
ͿһСذ˴ֺĶ, ͵һۡ
ԭΪƻһһƬ, ֪ǲǶѬ۵ɫ
Сɱң治ǹģԼ, ȥ¥ԾǰûյǼһģ治ҵģľ֣ƾ˽ָˣԭ⣬ܴСء
ȻŴͣɻ鶼ˡ
վ޷
޷ʲô޷ǿ޷Ľ޷Ĳģ
ɥƵ䣺Сء治ҵģҾûǵġ
ڿ֪ǺҲͺ档ܻͼѣԺĲЩҼ֪Ǻ棬ֻǣδķ
ͷһΡ
ɿˣһΪ̻ˡ֮ǰһֱȻɣֳһתʼ·ѱ߶԰Сأ㾹Ȼ͵͵飿
󾭹ۣ飺ˮˣϴɡ
ȴͻȻ̽ͷȥɱ˵û㿴ģǡ硣
ƣţ˵
õŵɿܿϴʹ·ŵ˷վͻǣһϻ궼ûˣ
û뵽ɽƽʱһģȻ͵͵ڲЩҲ½̻Сء
ϱҪЪˣ˵Էж
Էԭ׼ԺӣֻһֱסƵĶԷҲЪԺ
ûסôж
˹ȥһƣȿ۾ͻˣ߽.ȥ
ƴѾʽ׺̡
ôô˯ڴȭѧҵѹ󣿡Դӽ꿪ʼûʹѧҵѹ
һΣǰ²УǻҪٵꡣ
ظΣлᣬҲӰ쵽
⼸£δʹҲᴦãѹ
Ÿɽһ٣ף̵ˡ
ȥһԵʯǰȰ˵˲ҪѹϺò٣ЦЦ㿴ǳСӣ޴־СʱͲȥԺ񵱸ͺԵáҲΣȹӾͺá
һһӦˣ뿪ڣ̣¡߰ظ롣
ЦЦ֣˵˵ȥ˯ɡ
һֱԶ³һ
ԷķãŽ¹һȥ
գһ絽ţŹǷӸۡ
һɿ쿴ܣûƼˣɿϲЦտǴˣȻǰͻˡ
һ֪ͺãû´˰
ȻȻ
ȥʰ׼׼ȥҡһѷ˲ɿ㻹ȥù˵ļƣһһձ￴ǲǡغա
ȥ鷿ˡ
ˣϵ¶˵ˣǱߺò飬ʱȥ͵õϢԱ⣬Ҳǡ
ûֱȥҾѾãҪϣȲҴү֮Աţһ
˿һۣ㻹ǳţ»ԱˡӦ˵ɵӲСˣԱ⣬СˣƽʱԱ򽻵ҲҪƽʱЦеģ˶ǱʹС
ýСȥʵԿ
үɱ˸ʯãԱ²ǰ˴ߡ
˷ĺˣһ˴
ۣ뵽⼸ĬͻȻʶʲôСӡǹȥһϴ̽ʲôõĶ˰ɣ
޹ʼ磺뿪ֱӻؼˡ
˲ŲţɼȻ˿ڣܰ˸
룬½ԿȥԱΪ㣬ظӡ͵ˣҲֵµС˿
ӹһǺ˸˹ӡĴ
һֻ׷񼫵ķ˲ҪԳֹ˲㡣
ֻүûȷɱʯ֣һ㲻
ˣôһȥǸ˸Ƶġǰдˡ
Цһ䣬²Ҳͦ
б޻ҾͲˡôԺ֪ɱյöˡΪѾӣӡ¸ǵ֪ӡࡣ
º߶Ͻܳ鷿Ѿܿ뿪ȥ
;˼¥ʱһܹһţմŽרƵļǺţӹСܿûӰˡ
ӿչۣ磬ĸСдʫɣ
Ϲ˵Ƥǲǣ顭
û˵Ѹ˿ˢˢ죬Ҷԡ
İȻѵãǡϡУ
˼¥Ŵ򿪣ɨһ䣬Ȼ롣һȥҡ
˵︮ʱͨʱܼǰֻǰʱ˵ԱҲڡ
ƿһֻۣЦЦû
Ա˲ûκιһԱǾƣϾΪ׸ԱЩƾۼٸˣҲʩիɢףˣһﶼһԱ⡣
˲ԱϳԱڲغ֮⣬ҲԱݸǨķ֪ǱףǷ֪ĳԷ֪֮ǰǰкú˶շһ
Աͣ˻治ϡ
ʱȻԱλϣүǹվһԣͷȫŰ׺ӵԱݲ裬·Ųˣ֪ģΪھм硣
ү̧ۿ޵ģʮǰǽҺϾ¥㿪ȥȻӣӴ
ǿһĻ֪˻ǲУүû⣬үҲôİ˸˼¥ʵ´үУԼ㲻ȥɴȥү̹ס
үΪ˻סΨһĶӣֻܺƤȥԱ⡣
үʮǰϾ¥ϰ壬ҲǮ뷼ķүҵǵǮ뷼ϰ嵱Ķӡ
ԭǮ뷼˽ҵ±̯ϰ±̯ķӾȥҲ磬װж±̯𴩺Ǯ뷼һдϰ֤ݸĿԼ֪鵫֪ıǮ뷼һϰ¡
ϰ³Ͼ¥ͿŲȥһȣǮ뷼ֱٵգҪǮ뷼
Ǯ뷼ʱҲ֪ôʹԱ⣬Ϊϰʱûȥ˵׵Աϡ
ԱΪңʱֱӸǧ𣬸Ҫ˵Ƹضͷһݡ
ϰ˵һʼԸԱ⵱ʱȻͱϰ廹ʮ꣬Ϊ׸ûУׯӽǣ½Ƽ޳УĸԸˡ
񸮣ΪԱܳңҲˮǴߣΪԱԳ˵ʱֻᣬʱ䳤ˣ£Ͼ¥⽥ȻǰԱӿ˱⣬ǰ
ΪûӣԱȻò٣Ҳ޷ΣʱʱѰܽӵסգԱϵġСӡҲġ
ⲻϰѰͷһ˵Ա⵽׻ˡ
үĩλȿģͷһƫƫһģʵʵģý˵ʯİûϵС
ǰԱ⵹ǹؾػϾǱȺ˱ֻģԱⲻܱķΣܲذ棬ҲԸӡ
Ա⣬Ǽ︮ЩѯүȻûԱ⣬ʱҪ㡣
ԱӹүݹȥĲˮ˿ڣʰɡֻǶ˶٣̧ۣϷʱǺˣҲҪ֤ݡʿԣҪߣȰ֤ݷϡ
üȻҪʧˣʹû֤ݣҵҲøĸԸߡ
Ա⣬ýԱ㡣
ҵԸ񣺡λү֪Ҫʲ£
װװҲûʲôֻү³춼ʲôһ𣬿֤Լʯ
ҵװɵҵ춼ڼ˯Ķûȥڸһ𣬵ȻûУ֤Ҹ˶ңڸʯ˭Ҳʶ
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ҵڵȻ岻ûȥ
𣿿ɵӽʱڶķֹһ˳ΪͷûǮ˶ķһȫ䡣ߣүҪŵȥķѯһһˣĻүɫһɵԱ浽û
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ҵɫ΢䣬͵һүһ£͡ôһʱˣ˭ǵ塭ǴžǡȥɣôһܶǮɣ
ϳǡܡʱȥǼҶķպðŷָʯʬ岻Զĵƺӣʯպںһʱڣôү˵һ˵֮һʱȥ˺δк˸֤
ҵͷ亹ðҡҲʶʯ¡Ҽǲ̫ˡ
үһ䣬˼¥ʱСײ㣬̧Ҫʱ˵һ仰ͻȻŹˣô֪ʱү˵ʲôһתͻȻҵһɫ΢ס
ҡҲ֪˵ʲôȿ㣡
վ΢ɣžôµģŻ𣿡
ޱ飺ҿûŻѯʣ˵Ϊ仰үĴĶɱķ俴ʯһˣڣ͡
ˡԱʱڿڣСֵܣ˵Сһ𳤴ϵҲáϷɽӾͲʲôֻ㲻һɣúʱҪһѯʣ
ЦЦԱ˵üǣȻҲܣŵȻаɣҲգϾɵȷҪЩҲǲܣϾŵˡ
źʮ꣬صİҲô治뱻סСӡ
˺ָָۣ
һ£磡
ǲеģ
ΣɨһǵĻ˶˶ӲͷƤתԱʱǿ侲óƣѯʣүϡ˼¥ߵ˵ʲô
ҵʱסģ侲Ҳû֤ݲ͡ǰ棬ʱҲû˵ʲôֻģƽҪΪƣȻҲûŭôҲ⣿
۶ͷкҪʲô
ͷ۽ֻվЦеģӲͷƤүӶķһʱںδ֤ŵ˲㣬ҵˣΪ֤
ҵĨĨͷҵʱֱӻظˣҲûȥֻҪҧˣû˿ɱ˸ʯҧ˾УԱ⣬û˸ô
ͷۣ֤
ҵŭûûУ˵ҵ˲㣬֤֤ɱ𣿡
ۣҲ޷֤ûɣ
ԱʱڣҪһţǼȻȲ֤ݣҵС£Ϸϻͷ˵һ䣬ǵȷȷ֤֤ȷǼҵϷȥţޣǡ
ȻĻȴֱӷԸ
Ȼ֪Աⲻǣɾô˿ô죿
ҵԱ⿪ɿн⻰ðŵΣգ⿴ոͱ˵ĽֻȴЦЦζһۡ
ҵһЦЦʲô

ǰ۸ɿȴȻԱⶼ˵ǾͲˡ
ۣ磬ɲƽʱ簡ѵ羹ȻҲԱ⣿
Աüû뵽ףһֱ˵꼶ȴǸֵģҲô
Ա⵭ףϷʺš
żЦЦҪߣֻƳҵɿͻȻתŶˣ˵¸ԱҪӭȢʮС檣ҲýĳǰףԱ⡣
ҵһûˣֻΪţδ˿
Աúõ˵Ƴ
Ϊ¶ڸֱŤɴΪСͻȻԵɫעҵ
˵תͷֿҵһۣү㿴һˣȷһˣ
ҵѪҺУвǳԹв
Ī֪ʲôΪʲôƫƫҪἰ
ѵ֪Ǽ£
ʯǰĪǻ֪˱ˣ
ҵ۾ɵͨŽ޹ǿ˰
˵꣬һۣͷҲشߡ
ֻǵȽԽżʱҵײҶģȵȣҸǡһˡ
ˣ
Աһˮûȥ
۽һĲ˵ǣм䷢ʲôΪʲôүԼͬˣ
̧Ĳ䣬ҲǶһģû뵽Ӯˡ
ϸƻȥȷûʲôԴ˼¥Ĳҵæ²ȥһ˼¥Ҳ㣬¥طϢżʲô֪ͨ㡣
ϴ˼¥˵û˵ʲôҲЩ˵Ļ֪ʯүӦʲôͰչȥˣҵ·͵ϵģҵ⼸µг̡
ĵǸûȴһʱһ˼ת
⻧˼Ҽƶ֮⣬һò绨ĴŮǰձĳԱ⿴У¸¼ΪʮС檡
Խ󵨲²⣬ҵϧɱҲҪøʯ˵ڵģֻǸܡ
ղŵ̽Ҳõ֤ʵҵĽ򡭡ˡ
ҵΪ֪ѡһиԱ־һ£ѡ̶¶Ǳ˵ԱֱӶ.һ.ȥٶשҲ
޹һȦˣؿԱͷүôôǵҲסǾ͡ˣ
ˣ


58 
ȷӦ, һѳסҪ뿪ҵСܣͷϵҲǺãү, Լˣ
ҵﶼԱⰵЩ, Щֶλʹϡ
ô߻ô, Ϊˣֵöһʱ㼸ֱ棬һ, һķļɻ, ʱ򡭡
ҵȻҲȥ, û֤ݣȥ, û֤Ҳô, ·̽һ֪֪¡
֪, ֪Ҷˡ
Ȼ̽Ͳµҵôѡ߳ż, ͷƳۣү
ҵûȥλϵԱ, ҴҸǰ
һߣҴܲ
ԱȻЦţյһڲˮһʱĳүľսڡ
Ҳ벻ͨСܵ, ֻӲͷƤǰһסԱĲӣүСôĵ۵ġ
ִźȰֻͷôһԱ⵹ϣ񣬴ȢʮС檵һ̣Ѿûôϲ
ʱ裻ɲϡʱҲ顣
ԱЦЦһۣ±յǻԸӣҵˣĻˣаɣ£ԺϷ򡣡
˵գվȥұ˵ɫ˷䣬˿κֱſڣͷŹ⣬Ʋģߣߣţ
ǰºͣȴ˸¡
⣺£Ǿͱˡ
Щ걻ýﻹùҵӣۣ׸ȥ
ҵߣ;ҵͼӽеõ֪֪ʯвǸܡ
ǧﵲȥҵֱãһ
ҵǱȥã˵˴첻ѣϽ˺ȥ鷿㻹ˣԱϼһϷˣ
ЦЦˣԱʮĽ˰ɣΪΣ
ӣЦ滢Сˡ
ⲻͶˣ˵һϵġСӡزҪ
ˣҪϾ⼸ŵҵİܡ
СӲˣأ
һǲ֪ʲôˣ
չȥں˶ߵ˵һţô֪ģ
Գİ㿴Ǹˣ飬ԣ¡ʮ֮˾š
ˣҵϳϣߵʱŵ˾⼸ͱ߻ߴû֤ݡ
˭˵ûУû֤Ǿʹ֤ݰԸֲˣֻ÷ǳֶˡ
ҵһֱڹϣû˴
ԽԽ
Ϊܴӽеõһ֪ģ˭֪Ǽһϵúݣ˻
ҵͷҧʱֻҧʯ޹أʱȥ˶ǼӣǵǸ˵֤û·ߡ
ҲҶ졣
Ŀǰǣһ֪ܣʱ˵ʱ򡭡
һʱϡ
ʱ˵ֿһңƸǲˣȥƵĸ꾫򣬽ȵ˵ط͵һ۾ղߡ
ǡ
һȥСӱɻ죬ΪԼȢ
¾㣬˭֪뷽跨벹ʱȴСıʯײСӼټգǱСסѱ˵вǮ
˼¥ԷϣԷҵ˵ˣҿ
ˣŵʱʯ̬¼˶Էгһջ
ڶȥǮȻ˲˵Ǹճʯ
Ǳ˴ˣһŸһȥ֪˼¥ĴָˣרѯһûʯͶɱģ޻˼¥
˭֪ǳ嶯ˣʶһ׷鵽ͷϣһţ顭ͳ档
ҵ̬ʱãֻѯʼ䣬û취֤ʱʱûʼΪɣӦѺû֤ݣʱúԺĿͷ
ҵߣһľһģһ£ͬˡ
ûˣûףһսսģҲû˯ãԵȰҹͻȻʱ˸
ģǹˡ
أҹ̫ˣ̫ףȻǸµıӣȥش
ȸҪأͷͻȻһӰҵһ£ˣǡʲô
ϸƣԶƺеӰһΣһûˡ
ҵŰӣ۵һ°Ѵϡ
侲ȥûӵƣûҵ͵ƣͨͨģϽɵϣڴǣʱͻȻʼδδʲô
ںҹر𾲡
ҵĺëžֵۣȥͿϲ֪ʱһڹٰڹȥˮǴӶԷϵ
ҵһͿʼܣ棬һӿͷһͷʼţɶţþһ˶ûС
ҵɵˣܳһշ䣬ͷʱĻһͿǵӰʪ.ĽŲţÿһһʪӡ
١үҡġòҰˮ䡭ɭɭɤǸһʲôŵҵһûʹȥ
ǡǸʯ
ҵˣҡ
ŲߵúܵҲԽԽ·ҪҵУŵһᣬأ㡭ĴҪ㡭ôɱ㡭㿴Ҹ¡вҪ߽̫ˡ㡭ȡ
ĺòҰ㻹δδţү˵ҺҡֻҪ˵үңҾ㡭򡭡ɭֲһ𡭡µɡ
ҵŶȻӨɫ⣬ŵðļһסۣһ̡ʯͻǰϽ
ܵѬյ̫ʵ˿ûɣҲ棬ҵԼôͬŪʯٳʬ޻˼¥¶˵˳
˵꣬ŵһţ˺þã˿û¡
.Ŵָȥ֡ʯվ
ֻǳ󻹳ֺܶˡ
Ϊ׵ľǺˡԼһۣ㣬Լһ˵ȡ
ү˱Ѩѹ˵ڱ㿪ȴҲ˵һ֡
ɫѿ֮ſҵ㡢㾹Ȼ˲ɾȻҡҡ
ҵûסɵۡ
ЦеģƣүҲǵģɱ˾ɱˣˣ㻹˶֪⡭벻֪Ҳˡ˵գЦгү֤˰ɣ׿ڳϵģүáҪǸԱ˵˵
ҵƭСԱ֪ǡǸСӡ
ԣҵԼ¶үǮСһ뿪ء
ү޵ҧɡȻ¼ϣ
ʣµҲòģð硰ʯ۸ϽȥԡȥܣʣĸɱӪٵ
ɱдοԼģרŵĴպʱһֱԭе̬ȡ֮֮ǰżȻռڽ俴֮÷ˡйùΡ
ʣµ¾Ǻ˵ģ˸кȥ֮ǰװƮƮȥӰơ
վںԺ⣬ȥʱԷ
䲻䣿ΪҪṦûȸ֣˵洫Сء
ҡҡͷ䡣
ţ֣ȵģůͣĽѣ֪ʱҲʵˡֶΣͿһСȻˡ
һֱû˵
ҲˣһֱǵãҪúպ󱣻̡
ҵûŵڶˣүº˰ҵԱ˵˵ȥѹʲô
Աֻ֪ʧȥһӣպҡҪ֮֡
ϡӣүᳵ˧
Ϊ˱סңϧʼղԱ⣬һߣүһǮǼˣǼ֪ԼСҪ޵ԱСӴϣҲŭԱ⣬ҹˡ
ΪүͨԱ֪ʱѾҲˡ
֮ˡ
Խ˵ҵĵڶ죬ҲǺ˵磬һϲ֮أΪաҪˡ
뿪󣬽һ˾ƹݡ
Ϊǰʹȡ
ƻȥʱѾѾƹʰ׵һ׼Ҫȥ
ƶһۣסĸ첲ôǸһ棬Ժָʱܼʹž·ȥǰ첻ǸأǸǸ
һ£Сӣȥμֲôţôڸ
㿴Ƕþģ֪ģΪﲻãǴģȴ
ô㻹ﲻɣƳһۡ
޹ңֻǺסϸĺòãҪȻͰˣ
ǽסǺȰŽ˵λҲᵽΣϷ壬ҲǴþ㣬ܸˡ
ﻹȥˣΪ˳˷٣һΣЩɵʣ߳ʱҲ̲סߵһ¡
תһȦһ¾ԡˣ
̬ˣŸʮǰûʲôΪ.ˣ״̬ãҲŸۡ
վļҳĹˣһһ̲סɽһۣСӣʲôߣҪˣ
ЦճƼ˼ۡ
ƽӹҲЦЦ
˵ʱȻ˺˶.һѣǺҪģǺʺÿ
ﱻ˸ߣȥ˺ˣջûգҲû
ϸϲɣġ
ˣģѾȥˣϯǰ϶ܵ䵣Сӣ絣ĵԼ
ң֣ôˣ
أλݷҷˣΡҲ˵ٻ
һ˵Ҫٻμ᣿
źЦô鲻ǲˣѵҲ˼
Ѹҡͷ̽ʵ̲֪ҲҪ
֣йϵ
֣ûûûûЦϽҽƳȥ
鷿ԶˣŲԶԺӵ֣ԤУˡ
̾һδʧˡԭǱһֱûŶɴλ˵ͨˣδٻҲμӼ硣
˵˼ٻ˭֪ԭΪڲص塭ҲҪ
ûۿ˵µ顣
ƿһۣһ㶼ģһֱƹˤúΪﱣý
һСɱҡ
ƶģûסƫͷڴЦ¡
ǹŻûסֵСأӷ˰Ҿɱ
ƲԤвǰѸ߬ס
һſ죬źһѣ㡣ϽߣôûھͿգ˵ôĵط꣬ɸͷ˰ɣ
˼ûͷƻվԭ
ͷСأ
ƽ߹Ϲ˵Ҳű̴ꡣڣҲڡ
Ҳֻǿţ߹¿һȦСԽԽСʱǰһͽסˣ
ΣٲȥһǰˣͿһˡ
ҲǣϽȥǰԺ
Ȼǰͷû߽͵ԺӣˬʵЦ̫˵ģٻôãҪôôڶûҰģϽܼ޳ȥﰡҲͷˡ
˵û뵽˵Ҫ
ЦⲻǷҪرſͲٻ޳ȥ˵ţƳһɨЦøһ仨ˣԼˣ
һ£̣ҾԼرһ类ǵĿ⡣
ٻһһֱ۲
ǰ˵ˣһ
ŮǷʱ˴ҲҲˡ
ϯҪ֮ǰǰ棺ˣ͵ˡ
۾һ룡
һ㶣ͣǺ˸ϵôôйͣ
˵Ĺ򣬺˽ͣλӱٵİ࣬Ѿǰء
۾Ź⣺ȷǹ͡Ժǲصһ֣ǿɵúúֺá
ƶһۣ͵.
ҲͦţϾǽպĶͷϷ壬֮⵹ǲ档
ӭ˽Ҳ׷
һˬʹˣŴվ͵͵ȥ
һۣȴˣףΪŰ۵ģе찡ûϸ룬һȿһɴۣǣôҲˣ
ѸȥߵλãȻٻ̧ͷֱϡ
Ϻɸֲ֣ô׾ɿڣ
һߣѾЦŰӭ߱ߵһ·ˣʮյ·̣ŵס
Ĵӽ߾̲סѰˣڼžĳƮ䵽ʵºЦЦУΪ˸ϴ˵ͱ磬¹Ե߾ȫ
ﱾվһֻǲʱһеϤİһվһе͵͵̧ͷȥɵȿԶ˵ʱס


59 
ΪԼ, ŲԶӣϤȴİ
ϾѾûԴӵһ𣬾Ѿôá
֮ÿԷһﵽƹ, ΪԷߵú飬ȥǸطô, Ҳ֪Ϊĵľ, ɣ˭Ϊ
׹ô, ԷԭЩ, üۼҲԴһѹ
ɡôͳعү
ɫò԰׵˲Ѹٵͷ, ±Ƴ
ǰĵļ򣺡Сӣһȥ, ûˣ
߽һЩ, ڿģ, ҲϳǡȻˣ԰˲˵ǹͣҪȵ
Ťͷȥ, , Ǻͷûˡ
˵Ϳһλһ£λԺҲǲصĸĸˣҵְλ, ɳˣ
ĳŮǱ߹֣ͷ˼ȴҲûҶ࿴
Ѿǰ̧ͷʱȴЦ⣺ӦúʦֱӺˣ
Ŀһۣһ£ϺҲɡ
ͿһҲҡ
ûסûûСԼû˵Լ̲סЦˣСӣһȥ꣡Ȼ·һô꣬˲ۣ˸֮ǰϽȥȾơ
նʱ
Ҳ£պŮŵһ࣬Ϊ˱Ͳ࣬Ҳûˣٻ΢΢һͷȥֻܿλá
ֻǸƫͷŲһµӣպõסߣ濴ۣٿھˣ
ųСĶദദⷴᡣ
һͱ۲ͷӿһϲɫȫǸûԼҹһۣҲǶԷѹ֪飿ߣѹû˼
ɿͬʱ̲ס͵͵һۣҹİͷεģǺãȫ֪飡
ϰ֮ˣͲλһֱΪԷлҪ˵ͱٻʱͣ£ˡ
Ͼ迴ȥѸٵٻǰ㡢
ٻû뵽ͣ£ǿѹ¾ģ񸣸塣
֣ſϣˣ֪ĳʲôϯһֱ
ϰգ֪ͲˣǴĻᣬֻҧƳԼûϢŮвʣ룬ҧҧ˺ģöٻͷġϰ壬㿪⣬ﶼжΪҼٻѰɿķ
ٻûס
û±øһ˵һЩüҲ󣺡Ҽٻһ壬æ֪ϰΣ
󲻽⣺ɡ󸮲ҪŮ
Ϻݺģ㣬ֻҪ̤ʵɿ϶ҼٻõжҲǷҪš
ҲɣֻǵҪͷĻڿٻʵĿסΣ¿ϣ˵µȷ󣬿ɻ֮ý֮ԣãǧԸ¡˵ɡ˵գ֣뿪
ˣողûסͷۣͿٻͷǰ˵ʲôͿٻһһۣɿֲ̧˲ۣҲǰȥ
ϱٻһۿܣɡôٻ޸
οԶûǸ˼
˶뿪ˣԼ˹˲پƵĲŴӹź߳ǲǹģֻǸպߵٻҸ
ǳȥҲǣ˻ȥҲǣֻܵ뿪
Ļλͷһ£Ϊ˽Ҳֻæ֪顣
һתۣٻˡҹϵãû뿪֮ǰҲٻ档
Ϳһƶһۣû⡣
⻹ˣٻ˸ܷ⡭ٻĿڴ˵Ϊĸ飬¡Ҳﲻʲôæֻܵٻͨɡ
ƷĿ쵽ſʱڰ֣Լվˡ
˱ҲҪ͵ģĵͬʱҲԼˣչҲû취߿Ը
Ƽ⶯һüֵ˼
ĻƽӣͷͿգۣһ죬ͿһѹЦʲôߣ
ϽӦߣհ㻹ôͣʱϲɳɾˡ
˽ȻǾϲҡһǡϾǰţùĸɴ಻һǹţһ棬Լ͡
ĽŲһ٣ҲˣͷһͷҲһձۣ󲽳ǰ˺š
ܼ԰ͳȥŹˡ
Զվߺܿתδģƶû
һã϶ҲԼСҲŲ˵ˡ
ͷɬ⣬ԶԶĸմˡ
Ϊǧ֮⡣
ûǰֽӵĸо⼸һֱĵǰȴֲҿΣ¾㻽ˡ
ָûش𣬶ǿƣʱˣĻˣմ˻ȥЪϢ
Żɵվŵģɸ֣û˵ʱͽܵﵹͦ«һ͵͵ӺͷһѣƣôϸŸ˵ӵô
ͬʱͷһᣬ뿿ϣˣұ˹ƣͷΣС㡢ҵ㣬߲ˡ
Ƽµ˲סܾеϡ
ҲûϾҪһŤŤűϷȷͦˣװţҪһóһһ»ͷѧ
ãѧܻ˰ɣ
ڻع񣬿ɵôѧʧ£ǿվú󣬿ɻͷװͷ۲ѵӣԼҲȵˣ⼸һᣬҲԼͷ۵ܳšظһܷסҪҪҰæ
ʦ㻹ȲԼɣλҲû֪ˣдҲа¿˭㰾ѾһҹôŶ
˵ѾߵǰƷȲɿԽ˵Խ񻰣Ͻֹ
޹ͷۣȥҰѾ¡
˵Ⱦ㻹ȣ㰾
߿ƣᳶ䣺ףͷĺۡ
ﵽ׵ģ֮ǰˣȥ͸㰾´β̰
һ˼Ʈѹûע⽹ûȣɽô˵ˡ
ȴģʦҲһ㱻˹ÿɱҶࡣ
͵͵һۣˣûҶ࿴룬ҡͷǡˡ
ʦסĶǸյɣ
ģ⡭ûҵסȥ˼һ
ĶаʱʱڣǴҲչ˰ҪȥҼҾƹݸڿջϷˣպȥƹﰾѾһߡһһͣһȰһɣ͵
ﲻǱСӸ첲ˣһۣһۣɵô뿴µڣ׻˿ڣմˣҲһѾɡ
вӦĵ⡭Ǿ߶ˡ
͵͵һۣհʲôǾ߶ˣŰɣҸ㴴ˣҪǰղסʱ͵׷޻᳡ɡ
ӺԺȥǴǰͷߣںԺѾȸһȲ˵ǰľƹݡ
֮룬ԶԶڲԶһֱû˵
һѣʦһȥ꣬ĺúݰ
ĴۣҲᣬݼ縺ŵʹֻ꣬Բ˳Щ˵ֻ.ͷŷһת۵СôˣͰظͻȻôһ治ϰߡ
Ȼͷ࿴۾ϰˣһȥ꣬ǵطûϱСʲôģʦ㲻͵͵˸ʦɣ
Ķһ죬ɿ쿴˲Զһۣ𡢱Ϲ˵ġУ
ԭѾ׵Ϊ񶨲ָֻűյȴս
᣺ȥʵµģֲȥȻû˼Щ顭
û˸СʦҲ󣬲û˸ܰɣ
ĸϽģûУУҲͬġ
ˣҲģʼѯĵûţ˵˵źףĴеļ֪
źȲĹ͵һۣ͵͵ۣ󲿷ֵĽ˳ʣµĹؼͿԼˡ
ͻȻ죺УСҵ㣬롭¡
˵գקƾͷȥʱԶԶ
߼úû¶ɣ
֣û¶кʦȱ裬ȥϴͻء
ԶԶƼȥȥ뻹ˣҪ챿󶼺岻ãҲû취ˡ
һߣһͷһͷ˸һξ롣
ܾó棬ֻ²ĹѬۣıֱͦþûֽ߬Ų豭ָˡ
Ҳڣɴմˣ񸾡ȥԺ
͵վҡл˵
ѾҪȥĲӳһҧҧŲ˵ݡʵƣһʼˣԭȥôĵطûȢޣ͡ôҲû뵽󣬷ݸˡ
һɬˡҪ˵ʲô
һˡҸ㽫°ɡ˶٣Żڣǰлң˿ǸŵոҫɸҶиҵѴΪ˼һ壬ԸٻһС˵ΪЩ£ɲһ֮ӴһʳĹӸԭѾȡֻȻֱӴԸһײġ
ѡ·Ҫߣһ߾Ǽ꣬ģԼӿ࣬úƽͺܰģΪҪػˣﰲһҡ
иܰиҲܶ꺮ůҲϲŲȥʱǣЩ˵ΪʱѾú뿪ʱΣһʹһȴĽ֮ˡ
µʹԵĻѾļ޻Ѿһֵиˡҹ£һڴľյţһ
ÿյŵʱָֺ£֪һУȴ¡һһϢһȥڻˡļȴֲǰ˻ѣ˺ܶ£ЩΨһġž˵ģһ統꣬˭˭ǵݻ߱ģֻ֪ȢˣǰȢؼҵˣʼնûĹˣٴλǶʵ͹ȣ˵Ľ֮˻𣿡
ﲻ֪ʱ棬ʶһʵʲôӶһѬȾ֬죬죬ƫͷ
ȴ泯ķ򣬡ȻΪ˭ΪΡ
ڻع͵վһ㡢㡭˭ˣˡǣʲô˵óڣʱ˵ʲôǣ
̲סˣûסС
ţ죬㡭豭͵ͷˣȥ
źܿʧӰžȻ̲סһԼĶͷȻġˣ
ƶһѾʱͿմɫ㱣ʱʱЦһ£һ顭
üȥƣƣҾ˵ղﶼ岻á
ջˢӵģǲ֪͵͵˵ʲô
Ѿ£ι˰ٲȥջɾ͹ˡ
ľȻعҲʶô̫ãϽһڹȥڲẠ̊́꣬ŽЦЦǰͷʹҴˡ
ûعͷȥƣôһ֡ȸЦݣ
Ʋ֪Ϊ鲻ѵûῪЦʹڲǣԺҲǡ
գĽ뿪˲أһʮĵطĵʱ᲻ãͷۣż˻ˡ
ҲʽΡ
ΪϵĶʶģĶεҲûгʲô۶ӣܿͲ졣
ĸջһʱصİջ棬ɵȹ龢Ǻ˲٣Ҳʼýſʼǹ¼ҹ˵մ˵ý
ϾҪǳˣֱӾͳˡ
Ը˵ýĶСϢƹݣԸоʱĲɡ
ֻ֪֪ƤҪʲҪ⡣
ÿ綼ƹݳԷѡҲǺܼ򵥵Ĳɫ
û죬ûýţҲˣ۲֮Ҳû˵仰ôģѵͻȻ츳ˣ
˼ǰ벻ͨɴ̸ģ˵աôͻȻͿˣôڲ˵лͬʱõģɶûٴˡ
ƿһۣ˭˵˵Ͳ֪£
۾һʯ̽ȥô˵
ƴָۣ˶һдĶ
ֻʶ֣Ҳ˵վȻýˡ͵͵дʫ
ɵۣϵ
ºæһҲʱţһȴ⡣
һ˵ݸ֪úܺãȰǹȥʱֱסϡ
ڶ⡭ܸڸУȥһһ׮ɱ˰
ϾҪĴŽȥ
֣ȥ˵ЩһǱȽϾʦһȥˣ
Ҳ벻ͨû᣺Ȼɱ˰ֲԶ鲻һҲǡ
Ҳأˣ²۹²ۣ»岻ݴǣҸ˵һ̡
ڸҲͰյ·̡
ĵͿһһ½ͲҡϸһȥƹݳԷ
ЦЦϳɤŶ
Ŀ΢죬Цһ䣺СӡʦЦ
ϽļϰߴԺͽһƳھƹݣ³˼Сˡ
˵Ҫ뿪죬ﵹϰˣû
Ϊﵣģû˵ɱ˰ȴûƣһҲ˵ˡ
ȵڶҪߵʱȴҲһˣҺ˵ˣֲչպɢɢģҲͬˡİӻãɱ˰ȥҲġ
ѯĵ
ףǾһ߰ɡ
ڣֻһۣһ˿ӱʱ־͵䴾ء
䴾ܴԽӼǣȴǳ˷֮Ϊ˲ֱȥá
ܴ˻ˣǼȥúԺͣʬ
һ򿪣ŷ߾ʬ塣
ȫðײţиζѪҺϢ
ܴʵû취źƤдŸе㽻ĺˣԭϣû뵽ôˣҪǱа취Ҳͷϡдŵʮչַһʬ壬Ҳǵ߾ߣ֮ǰһ
߹ȥһһҿЩײһ߾߿ȥԽɫԽѿ
Ƹ󣬽һɨȥȿҲûסüüһǲʲôã߾ʬһؿѱһģߵһʮֻ˵ҲȴǶְֺޡ
ϾҪǺ޼ˣֱӳ׻ֻ߸
Ҳֽô룬Ͼ߸ˡģһһĿΣݼõˡ
ͷҲ࣬һװˣŲֱŲࡣ
ܴ˵Ŀ꣬̾Ϣһǰʼģʮһǿεˣ䴾رصĻģֻҪɱûסڡ
ģε̫ˣĿꡣ
ܴˣҲ֪ܹʲô̼Щֻ֣ܲµɱЩӵò޵ƣľ͡Ų䴾зŮӣûҵӦϵġŮӴ಻¶棬Ѳ顣
ͷβֿܴ꣬һۣȻǰͷ˵İ˾ŲʮӦþǶкޣޣ¿Щֺ޵Ƶľ̲סʹɱܴ֡ˣΪʲôֻŲŮӣ
ڳ⼸˶㶿ţȻ޵ɱŮӲʲôϸˣ
ЦȻɱȻҲһ鰡ɱɱֲֻŮӶеĻް
ˣ
ȷӦ˼Ž£߬ŲŲ¶ֻ̫ǳʱɤƫͣ˵Ӷޣ
ܴ˺Ķ㶵ģ
ʼ磺ɱ߸ôߵһŮܰ쵽ģȻֹŮޣȻҲܲųŮּ־ͬܰ쵽˱ҩȱģǡҲųӶԲԣǲỹװɣͶ䰡
ŮӰжҲ԰
ܴ˵ڻعϸϸһ룺ô˵Ҳûе
ɿֻһƳߵƲ̫Ծ࿴һۣʲôһˣǲŵСˣϾСعѹûӴʲôģһʱէȻŵ˰ɣ


60 
ʱ˲, ֻܻͷͣ߾ʬϣüͷԽԽ
ܴ꽹˼ԽĥԽǵȷһʼųԡ
Ĵ, һˣ˽, иۡ
ȻҲܴһòų, ɻ֣ˣΪʲôǷ˵ɱһֹװأϾֻʮֻҲʱأ
۵ļ򣺡۲첻ϸ, ϸ˳ؿߵʮֻ, ʲô
̽ͷ, 첢δֲԾѵΪײֻƵһ, , ɽҲûİ
ܴ侲ȴѣȻմ˴ͽ, Ϊһ۾ƳԾһʼҲֻǵѰɱ˰ų, ֻѹҲ, ԽԽ࣬ڴҳ㲻̫ԾĵطҲǲµɱԵɣʱҲΪŸƫ, ЩģεжƵʹɱ֡
ۺ治ѣǺ²Ծû
Ļش˵
רŶſһۿȥע⵽ľߵʮֻΪҲһն࣬ϵ˿ڷűȽϿɲջȥʱӦûûôɲ֮òʹ˵Ȼôѿǰݲס
ƶΨһͬģž촽΢ûôѣʺĿǺͻأ
Ŀû뵽ɴֱӵ˰˵ôã촽ȴǱǰģҲΪûôɲǰӦǱ׹ߣǵĴͿ֬ȻǰߵĿԸҲΪһʼΪŮӵԵɡҲӣɱЩ֮ǰһԼͿ֬ȥǺţ͸Щͬʮֵһ
͵ؿȥûѻעⲻôϸһƣȻ̫һǰͷʬΪûʯҷ۱棬ûõ̬ɫףԵ촽ɫͬһʼܴҲû֣ЩŲ²⵽ɱ
°ͣȻҲųǹģ֣ǲųɱǵпӡܴˣΪηҪô˴ոϸĥ˵򣬲ʵܴᵽĲ
ܴ¶ҲΣȵǸ뽹Ǹʵû취ˡΪ·£䴾Σģúõģҳšõ˲ôȫûһжƮЩ߳ò߲֮⣬ġ
һǰǾͼ˰ݿεĹӸ磬ɵסֵ̫ѹϹȻֳһǵȲôãͷΪӰ̫󣬸ҹ涨ư
ڣֻʣգһǽ޷ưͷɴñСЩ˶޹ģʵģ
ΰкմ˺ͽǰҲΪ⼸뽹üۼһƣԴ󵨲᲻όҲ޵Ķ󳤵񣿽ģΪ˱֤İΣؽ˰µľķǰֲҲһλͽǰỤסȫ
Щֵ̫ȻҲýðգϾѵõš
ޣֻܡ
ܴ˵꣬͸оһƵϣѭĿһһģΪϣ˸£ûλŰɣ˵뽹һ𳤴ͷͷ亹
Ҳ޳ɽðգȴܴˡ
ֵܴԼҲԸֳٰԸ⡣
·ڲأҲðա
ûܾҿԼֳٰ
ɫ΢䣬ǰһ㡣
СأҲ
ƣֱã߬Ž󣬲һһðա
ⶺ˰ֵܣҺôҲУ˵ˣֲŵˣְڡ˺ˣоķٲУŴں󷽱ңһϽңĺˡ
ȴû˵Ȱȴִӽɫ￴Ѿ˾
ľ˵ֲðա
ìֱܴܵ۾һֺܺã˵ţƵɨ
һܴˣŵ£ɱǣ˰ðգΪɵľΪճĻСزһ
ܴæ֣᲻ᣬŲ£ǰɡҲˣ߸߸һݣٵȾʮһʵȲԾŴ̼һ¡ǰ
̼һ£ֲۣԤС
ܴ˿ȿȣõʦүרΪһһŮѰûڲٵ󡭡

ܴ˼Ϊ˸֣ǻרŸҵϱݵŮӣģҲһһĺãΪ֡
Ƽ˿ܴˣֻǱȴ죬ǡ䴾ô𣿡ȴüɫֻһ򵭣֮ǰýðյµû˻б⡣
ܴ˸Ͻһ˵꣺ǣ꽹ոյķپ˵ĺеԡҪ̼ʹ̼һЩһ£Ųһֵܣ˽ȴʵһԡ䡣λ֮ڿڵġɡȻ¥òСӲ£һԷ罹²һԣǵʱ򡭡
ԲֻۣǿͷܴԶҪҪô󣿵жκȥ˵ˡ
㶵ĺþû˵һ仰
һסƵ󣺡Уܴһ˿ҼСԺôˣţ˶٣һģõеģݣϷóСعƸոնŵˣŻһһô죿
ܴ˼æ᲻ᣬǲ֪ǱֻǺ޵ģ˽û˵ĵطǣһϾûּܿãʱǶڰ⡮Ū
Ǳ߸ĸҰɡûסؿڣҲûùģܴо仰û˵ЩĹӶ޹֮ˣҳֲŲ
ܴ˿һƣֻΣǱȥҸж
Ļû˵꣬һֱûڵͻȻݡ
ܴ۾ð⣬ԶԶԻŴֻǶϽ΢еۣͿһͷƫţҪٿǿǣ
ƿ߬ŵսɿݣͬʱܽҲġ
Ѷֿ˿Ƶȷ̫뵽Ƶ֣㲻áݲȥ
ҡͷԡ˻ҪĬûһǸ¶ݡ
С㵹˵е
ܴ˸ƴͷģҪ˵һƤëˣл
˼ǰ²˳٣ֻʱΣһȷýƵݺܴ˸֪ϵŮӣڱģֻȥ¥߻̻֮ʱӡ
ܴ¶ολֻҪǵһʱ򣬾ܶ˵һЩĻΪ˷ֹû˵ʱֿѾǣֻװʶλǸλ֮յסԼʳȥ̻֮ϷǮȻ˵㣬ҲİԡӦǹġ
Ҳû˼ӹһ˵棺ʮݸӸ磿ܴˣе
ܴ.ӣȿȣࡣ
ۣɾķǲǱģǮơ١
ȻҪϷԼ˵ĻŻܴ׼õĻƵģΪԭʹĳǲû
ϣüⲻܴϵıǮ˰ɣ
ܴ˵Ϳһģµģº󡭡ٸƹˣЩ֪Һȥ
Ͳʣ
ˣȵʱˣֲȱǮ
һ׵󣬽·ˢĴ򿪣ЦЦȥܴ̾Ĵָʽ䣺̫ˣǸ̬ɱˡ
ĵܴĬĬ䣬ץôŶС
ȻҪϷƸܴǣΪϷǴϿʼʱ򰵵˽ű
ƴӺųȥƵſڣ˷ֱǣ
һۣٿǰʱϷʽ
ǣ·ҲˣֱӰӸߵˣǣţۡ˵ţЦЦһۣѸԵСүݵóס
ƵǸı䲻ֻǽӹʱһۣü۵׶ᡣ
ЦЦ˵÷⣬ȴǲ첻ѣаСأϷݵòͦô¡
ӽһ֣ǰ͵ǰͷһͷͬݲ׵ԼƥΪۣ˲䣬öһ۾ͳǣֹģ˷ȴŵǡ
ݵֻ̼֣ǲ֪䴾ص¡
һֱߵõĿջ˸յſڣСӭֻһģһ㶣λӡԶɣ
ϡ濴һۣǰôջס
СǷֹȻǲǣλ룡
һСүιˣ˵Ŵӻһһӡ
С۾ð⣺ϣ룡
ǰߣ˳ͷһۣŸ߰㱿ģ֪ͲˣҪţ֪Ǽôô̷˶ûУҴˮ̷
վﴹۣȴֱΪģһٿǷƢСүʱʮ㣺ãί
üۣغֱˡ
˺ü漴ϡ
Сͷûס࿴һۣλӿֵˣֳݽݵĵܵҲû
ƸŽ߽ջһʱջﾲôһ̣¶.޵ͬʱ̲ס죬񽻻㾡ڲУλӲǱصİɣȻ.ôε⣿
ƹĻعϽӭλǡ⻹ס갡
Ź̨ڴﻷһȦûƼСջߡ
ƿûش𣬿ڣסꡣ
ƹģ䷿
ƣ䡣
ֻĻ䣬߾ͰһˣӶԷϴƵͣһ¡
ֽȣһ.סƹҪ¼ëʣһ䡣
ƹ㶵ģ
ûĿҡ˵һ䣡˵ţЦЦߵһۣǴ˹ӣ䰡
ӷ·һը֪ϷŽߵˣЦǵ飬òŲߣƹϲѲ٣һ䡣
ƹȻ֣Ҳû룬ܿ쿪˷ȥ¥Ϸ
һأֻʣ½ˣ³һ˶ԼЦͷĳƣСذ˵Ҫݣ
ƱŰ߹ȥˮȫ̲ûֱӽһðգҲġ˵Ǽٵģ㣬Ҳûʲô
ҲǣֻǡԶô
һ٣֪
ƹȥȷαҾͷˣһʼΪŵɽͽܣǿ
ƣ㣬ôһʼŵˡ
ǵȻŮ˽ඣϾҪоʬҴ𰸣Щź˼ʶ㣬֪Ķ˲͡ʼ磬ѯƼ䣬ȷƵȷûŵԶҲûʲôϲɿ
ȻǶ䣬ǰ廨ȻҲ֪ҲִϾƽȣҲûϲˣҲ᲻ָ顣
СزִŸҰѼƻ˵
ӦֻûǣںǿʼϷĿʼʱǾͳţһȥ¥ʱ΢ֹʾԣȻҼװƷҪǿֹʱҸϷִҴߣǽϵϷ룬ɼס˰
ֻҪƤӵ£Ի
ظһ飬ȷסҪôݲɿ
֮Թʹڷһֱûȥ֮󣬽ƴӳˣȻܴ˸ĶʮǮͶ
Ƶ¥ʱ˵ֵſڵĹסʱһ۾Ϳʼһϡ
ݵǷүȻ۾ð⣬һЦеҪӭϹǵ顣
ưݵǰɣģɫڳƲ۱ɫģҪĹ˳㵲ڽǰɫŻ֦չĹ
һࣺʲô¥־룿
һѣأ𿪣СүˡվЦһµĹͷһûʶǱһʶ
˵գŵ·ǰߡ
ƺһԣû˸ǰ
ʹˣҲһȺûг
ڲصʱ඼ʶƣ֪ԷݲðȻﲻһһվ˵Σ̲ס֮͡
عζĻͷһۣΪʲôԤУζЩСغȾƣ
ǵȵʱϷҪôݣ
ĬĬͳһƱȷһ죬ͦȵĹ
ʱһȺˢһϣð̹ǡ
ЦЦͲˣЩƱֲСص
һϵĹٴޱ鵲濴һۣϷ̫ˡ
һۣĿĴﵽˣʵʵƱĬĬ.ȥˡ
ڹ˽˴òŶһۣΪʲôǸոտ˴εζɣ϶Ǵ
ˣǮĲǴү


61 
ͳһƱ.ܴ, Ľ˴ãȻЩ鶼ǳȥġ
Ȼģ˾.ҲδôεĹӸ磬λҲ£Ҫ, ԷȻǸȤƱһһүһһ, ѽƮƮġ
ݵһӸ, ɵ׹ﲻǣϷݸ࣬ͳƱĵ𱻳¥ﳤ־, ͵᷿, СүҪ
˵, գգۣζԡ
𱱻һۿùͷ, Ҫʮꡭ
ջ֣, ﶼ, Ϲˡ
ȥ˰ᣬ.ȥ, еĹһ, ϽҪˮƸסͲбĶ
̧ͷٿǲָʲôֻɿ֣ϧ, ŻͦġϷôãеʡ
ʱλˣġ
֣ǹϹӵ⣿
ƳһۣϷݵģλ绨ĹȻ۾ˣֻٿߺɲƵı飬ڰ֣ˣǰɡ
˵֣ɿУԸλ̷þһ뿪ˡ
ֻǵȹţֻͷۣ֪ǲôܾ꣬λӡеֵֹģҪ۾ȷӣһλŮװģΪСֱŤ
һҪȻһԴײá
ûܿ뿪ˣ᷿λʵλ뿪ҪǰͿǸһĹӳԶ䵭۵׷·ðɱ
һλӸ磺ӡūﲻˣ
һۣٿλʱЦۣƢǶʲôȼǻġ
°ͣһ˫βȥ·ⶼԾ￴ĻŭС¹ײͷһα͸òˡ
ɹ˼һλҲûǰ濪ʼ衣
ýãȻˣ˼¥һ¶.欣ǲص¥йоأö࿴ۣպ˵չһҵ
ƲδǼϣֻʱʱƫͷȥ
ĿڽרעЩϵߣ˴ֲ߬ܿסԼĵ׷ʱ֪ԼϷģ֣̇۾ס
ûôֻһͷ֮ǰĻǰҪȥ.ȥʱ̧֣ıӸˤˡ
۵һ죬ǱѾ־ôӲͣ
ֵŵλӾô̫ޱ鶢ùһ£һģĹס
ƫͷȥԼϷˣſСصڶطһβǲ鰸߹ͻȻǲӦ
ҲСѣеֲ˼
ﳤҲãɶѧϰĵط
ͿһϷһ.˵䣺ˣǶ߼ûﲻѰĵŵˡ
ɫһЩ̧ȥ֪ĹǱ⣬ȥѹѹֵǶˣƽʱѭ浸صģⲻŵģǼ
˵գȴǵһۣżֻǵǼ￴ʱװѾûʲô£ֻš
ȲˣŽĴˡ
һţ;֣ѹֹǹӳòףƢǲ̫ãոˡ
԰㲻֪񿴹ʱֶˣķ𣬵ʱ϶ֵͷϣ˵û̷ùӡ
߿ߣȻλǲλţơǱŻú׽׽СӣϾѵôġ
ֻǸû۵ұӵǶһۣϽˣȥ𱡣
ûˣſո˱ӣ³һˣ˵Сأݼԣոһ²ŵˣҿ㣬Ҳ㶼¡
鵭ģתƻ⣺һô
᷿Ҳ˵˵˵꣬ˡ
ƿžͿʼЦϣǼλû̺λүôúõľͳȥˣ
ʱҲǿһЦǹǵĴǡһ˽¡Щ⣬ûˣɡ
˵ţһϣֱ̧ˣͷһۣߣⲻ뿴ģ
̧ϣɫڣĥϷݺһӣ뿪
ɶͷԣǿ¥ι״ˣģʱ򳤵úõģƢŹ֡
һͷ֪ǽϷ֮أڳߺߣ߳¥ҲûˣģεĹôŭ˵ע⡣
ֻûƸţôһ·ջȥ
ֻǾһʱ͵ͣ½ŲˣͻȻһѳסƵ䣬ֱˣߡ
һĻò̷ΪеڣǿӦֵܳܡ
űӰ첻ƺ󣬲ſʼϷ
ȷֵûע⵽ǣǡСҪݡ
ȵֻͷϷ΢¹ֱһѰ˸Ƶǽϣ΢ͷ˰ͷȴǲ䣺ʲô˼
ƴû˵ȴûŹֱ̧£Ĳһƽʱѹֵ.ôˣ
˵תһ£ƮƮģֳ࣬ݵүɱݵ̫ŻСء
Ϸˣܰݣ˵˭˵İ˵ֻҪҴӦã㲻ҵɵģţôţҺȸƶУЩˣˣ
ոգأˤӸ˭ŻأҸ㣬Ǹһ𳤴Ƕи飬ԺǲܣҿƼҵĶ磬˵ҵӦܴӦ
˵ˣֲǲϲŮӣЩСﲻҪˣ˭ǴСĸأ㻶ϲңҲˣҲûԶԶģ㻹ô
˵ģеעڽ󾱵ļϣ·ܴӶԷĵ¶һֱӿ죬ֻܿ˵ʲôЩȫû
ûأ벻ݵ̫ŵ˰ɣɴֱһСүĴһٸݵ쾡£ǰָỬˣһ𳤴ģҲͦϲģϾ㳤ôÿҾǲϲҶѡһ㣬òã
Ȼû˵սپֵ̧סһ߸պǽǣλһ£Űֱɿ
˶彩ӲѸٵͷֵ̧סۡ
УԶԶԾⷴӦѹ᲻ãòȴ᲻뿪
ǰסţˣϲĻ㣬һ𳤴ôĸ飬ЩҪǷ곡ϷֻҷļϵġԺҳԴˣţ
ʱ࣬ƴۣɤᡰš
㱻Ƶݼ۷һ͵λ
ǣߣ߱ѹ˵Щ黰ֻǵȵ˿ʱְƵɿˣ½󣬴߳ӣ˵ǷʵСӡ
ʱ̧ۣСϣɬִŸӵĸ顣
ʱΪʱӶľˣ֪ǼٵģԷףһ̣˵Լڴ໹ǿɬࡣ
ʱ֮ԴӦϷһǲݡˡ򣬾֪ҲֻСϷż¶ʵѱ棬ܵ˵ʵ顣
ƽϵϷѾɣ˻˿ջ
֪׽ûбϣֻܵտڶϷܴŮݣʱŮӻȷеźš
ֻΪϷֻҪһϷһ𳤴СʱҲżһ˯һӣСľͰϴ֮С»ˮ
ڴϣˮתǺܿ͵
ֹһС±ȥҲ֪Сëʱɵġ
һϴ˺þã˴յ·ⳡϷܿЩԺԼожʱתһ.¡
пۣоһɳʪ.һЩ֣ϴĲˮôôҪȥƱܿ
˯ɣ˯ԺˣˮۿСġϨܺܺڣ´ᣣʲôҲ
ҲȷˣҲû룬˸˯ˡ
ߵˣȴþ޷ߣһֱϢġ
ʱ˸һߵλѾˣӴ̽ͷͿһһ鼮
˸Ƿϴȴãſƣô
Ƶֻʱ޼ɵϣܺá
Цеģû취ϷӢ۾Ȼˣ˳㡰С»ˣɡ
ʰ׵ƹȥ¥´š
ƹĿһҪģ룬ǿСһۡ
СҲ³£Ͼ߸ˣʳȥʱλǴ䴾ʲôҪаϵľܷԸСġ
࿴СһۣҲûʲôҼҩģ˵䴾زԶɽʢҩ͹ơ
Сһ£ˡλǴסãҪʱ̫ãһǸɱħϣⲻҪ
ʼ磺ôǵ껹סȻסþסඣ
СϽ֣ȻԭǡҧҧĹӣ䴾أ̫ƽ
Ŷô̫ƽ
СרŶƯεĹӸ硭֡
һ⣺ٲƻǽɫ
Сɱˡ
ҭ£ݵô£֣ļٵģȿСͷ̲䵽棬סƵֱۣҪҰ
СλƹӺͳǡ
ָָƸ󣺡书ܺõġ
Сŷģԭӻ书ǾͺǾͺãƹİ׵ˡ
ɹأܿţʼ׼ݽͷϷ
ƹ˴磬Ȳʱʱ򣬿ʼȥ׼õĽֵȻû߶ԶǰͷŮӵĿһ
ƹȥȺһ۾ͿһòŮ滨ſڵϣһӣ㣬ֻ;˴ѣūĲǹײģүƹǸŮ
Ůӿ޵úǿΪҼ
ܴ˸ĻŮӣ˱Ȼ񻹺ÿһ˲䣬Ϸһ˫۶ŮϣҲƲ
Ȼ֪ϷɿһĻǾĿڱһ¡
ӶŮ毺õǮʮһУ˭֪һײûаүĹͷײˣˣ
Ůؿ
˿ȥ˵ʲôɶӻĺ⻹ӡ
ӿһĻͿʼȥŮӣŮӵĿ󣬾ʱһ֣
˿ȥֻÿվ
Ů滨꣺Ӿūң
Сӱ£㣡˵գһߵˣ
˲䣬˾Ϳǰһ֮һͿʼӴһ
ֻǵȴ̲סһߡ
ֻŮӱŵõڵϣʱһʼĹӾǰҪŮӣֻһȥ󣬶һպͷӼ䣬˷·ֹ࿴ž˶ճղģࡣ
ˣǡۣ
ʵϣ۵׺ŮӣŮ۵׺Ž
ݼŶ
ŮӣݼҲ
˴˱˴ˣеۣҪ˼һ¾ˣ
Ůӣ˵üأūҵ۾Ҳˡ
ǡ
һָ湫ӣһ.֣Ƿܻӭ̲ס࿴һۣߴӣ
һߣƳһĻһư˸ſˡ
ſڵϵĶ񺺣ӡ֡ˣ


62 
վ, ֻһ˫ȻֱŮӡ
ŮҲǽ.֣üۣȴʱʱ͵Ƴȥ, ˺޲ֱǰһѣ˼, ȻӢ۾, 
ŮӲϺһ˽ǰ񣺡лӾ֮, Ϊ, , ūҡūҡԸΪūΪ̷ӣ
˻Ȼ˵
ԭȷӼһͣҪӦ, ߵͷųĺһ, Ƴһ, ۣǲͷͷۿεС, ٿߵĺ, ԥ֮£һʤ߼СӲؽ黳ʹֿϧİڰ֣ΪūΪʲôģͲˡ
ɡŮ̧ۣȦ, ūҲ𣿡
ãȻãһٻһӣ׷תߣֻǸպö˺ڳɲһ飬ȻˡСүǴ緶ǡǲرġȸȥҽưɡ
֣о˲رģСҲİҲ֪ǲǶ룬ܾСߵĹеףʱڳһͷҲˬĪ
ֿܣͷλУæȥţҪСӵĵȥҽݡ
мǰ͹ȥɣҪȥҽơ
лǰŮϸͬңϺǱƷҽȥ뿪˲ڿˣû뵽֮꾹ȻܿӢ۾Ϸ룬ͿССģýˡ
ƷϺǰͷȻϷһһЦŹˣһΪϷһ·ϰϵϺ
ͬŮǰߵò죬ϾҪֳֻ·ܼݣҽݿɾͲˣŮһϷҲõҹĴ𰸣ķǲδ˸ǡ
ȻҲܶԷָ书ߡ
ʧѵϻһΣϾŵСء
ˣΪհָСңɾʹҡ
Ǹߡ
һϷͰźõҽݣô˵ϺҪˣǰ˷ҽݣʼյڶϷȥ䴾ľ¥ݣܶطע⡣
ϺҽݣͬŮȥ˾¥δҪᣬֱȥ˶¥
һ֣ϳ˵ģ޽һȽЩʳҽݸϺ׷׿޽λ塣
ֻǵһѸٲ˵ȴ֧ţ۾ð⣺û뵽Ϸ뻹кѵǽҪĿ
ŮһٷԵٯٯǣͷ⡣
ĿһĻģ뵽֮ǰ֣ѵһλҲСˣ
ףһŮϷ룡
Ǵ˼Ѫ˼Ĳ豭û۵һˤϣѸٵ
˸Ͻڰ֣ͷõ͵͵ģ·ʪҲ⣺ϷҪȶ꣡˵ݣǿҲԺҲģˡ
һٷݵù񫣬Ҳù񫣬˵Ҫ뿪ʱе㿴ˡ
һλҪŮӻҽݣˣҪ
һλȫ̺Ĺӿ˿ڣҲˣҲˣ㻹ΣҲȥģ
ֱͷˣһۣȻǵãҲҪ֪һ仰˾ȵףͷ͵ȻҽҪСӣо˾һģһߣǸŮô죿
ҧ㻹ܰһӲɣһ·֪Ǽٵģʱ˵ģֲַ嵽ϷĻ¶
ŵŮӻ󣬴űͱ˸߳ŭİһôˣʲô£
㣡ҧǰֱӳסһŮӻԺǣ
˵գŽҪߡ
־Ҫſң
˿һĻɵۣףף˵õһŮôﲻ̫ԣ
ȰΣ΢عζһλӦǶСӲȤֻǹСӶѡ
ôﲻ̫Ծ
ԽԽѪڣǰûСݼá
˿ãԽԽˣģв֪ǰģѼɤӸգȽòʱڱһŭ𣺡ߣߣҲ㣡Ҹʲôǣ޹أ
λ˻Σ۾ɺһƬģһһֱѹֿƵĸ鱻ˣ֮󱻶ԷߣجΣÿξѣûе񾭶ڷۡ
ָ߬Ŀü۵ʱѸٷſ͵һ˵ġ˵գͷҲˡ
񿴵һСݵҲ̫Ϸˡ
һϷõģݣһ׷׷ģֱתŮӣȥ˵գЦŮϸ
һĻһ£СǳһŭΪգֵҲҪˣ˵ͳôҲ׷
ֱŮ뿪Ҳ̲סֵʱһ־ֱӴ䴾ء
ŮӻҽݣڲŮӸŮֱӰǴ˿ջ
˿ջһ.ȥԭֵĿջͻȻ;ϽͷǷֻƫŵͷŵ޲֧Ķ䣬ôƶýǳ˳飺λҿǲǣ
Ϸȫףǵļƻɹˣ䴾ǶѾ֪֮ǰӢ۾Լֵܾѡ
罹Ƕ䣬С֮ݳ΢飬ͬǶ䣬Ȼ뵽һ㡣
һѾ֪ŮӻطϷʮ֮˾Ҫֵˡ
ЩĲɣһĻ۵׳ˣȻֵܾ˿ɵ׶ĸ飬˰ɣ
游ŮҪϷߣƹĳһǿڣǡǸƹӰ¿һ䷿
һ㶣ɫòÿҧ桢
ΪŮȥǵķ䡣
˵İ֮걻ȼˣ
ǣƹķֽĿ˳ٳٲߣˣǿջƺҲ
˷䣬˺һ׽ŲˣͷŪһЩһŵ˲䣬ɫĸ꣬ذʹϡ
¥ߺƹĳӵķ䣬ֱӹȥߣ˫ֻأţ̸̸ȻҪϷҪֿȻڿջ̸Ե»Ҫִһ󲻵ȥͷ
Ƶһɫţý.ȥ˿ʼ¥ݿ̽ԴѶ䳯ķʹŲ޲ڷϡ
ֻǷֻʲôͻȻ͵һλţҲ㳳Ȼ㲻뿴ңȥסҡ
˵ţֱӱһ߳˿û
ߣһϽ׷ܣһ˲ãװģʼſձװˮûձӵģͷһŲ쿴һ˼ģ
ƹĶ죬վڹ̨ǰӣƿתͷӰǡƣ˷
ƹԽĽϣƹӣ
һקס䣺ˣЦġ˵գߣϵĸȥ
źţϧˡܸȥϷˣĿ̫϶ᱻ֡
ôרٵĵطȥȵ˺ܿյӿڣôһѡһܿպܺڵӣû»Ҫһ顣
ôƽȲû͵һİһӣһѣʲô˼ҷֱֿ˲ˣԼһ˵ģôھͲˣ
Ƶĺ󱳵ǽۣ£ݣ»῿װʹǼװ뵽¿Ψôʱ̣ҪֹԼӲôң˵ģŴǷŭ̲״̬
Ƶ״̬ȶ̧ͷʹ࿴һۣɳƣ˵ôѾҪˣ㿴ģ˵ûģǲšǡƫͷ˵ȥ
ڰǰ˼Ȼģ̲סЦˣ㿴㣬Ҳ˵ҶȻϲǶһ޶İǸ㲻һôĸ飬㻹˽ңˣҴȥֻΪͨ檣ҲȢˣ
֣߬˵㲻աͨġҧгݣһһ䣬Ҫ̻
ǲᣬﲻһôҲ޼ҿɹ飬˵ԸΪūΪ澣Сﶼô˵ˣҸһܻȥĵطģҲϲ˵ҲûģֻǻϲҶ㻹иġ
ȴ檣ҧֺޣһۣȻˣѡԺҲˡ
㣡ڱңȥҧгݣҲѡҪ
ƣֻѡһҪҪң
ĳĬ֪Ϸˣֱ̧ҪˣΪڴġ
Ȼȥҡҡ
˵ţҪǰȥק½˸ס˳ǽǼףֻǽ̫Ϸһ뵽˿ĳλö׽ôɱʱ򣬽һģֱΪϷڵϵİһŲȥֻо²ƽʧȥƽֱô˹ȥ
Ʊײú󱳰ǽڣƺһ֮ǰ˵õĺûֱֻסΪǽʱӵϷʱΪʱײǽʱţͷ˲٣Խôֱ˹ʱպþ
˫ְǿʶʲôʱԲŽߵȻСرŵˣ˶ɵɵɵˡ
һ⡢ôʲô¶
ʱôֻںţ費ܱ
һģԲסֵܣ
׶ˣһγˣͷ
ɴ̧һֻǽֱסƵۣ΢һֳֻλɻء
ԶΪ˷ֹ͵͵ŵľķԼܴ˵ˣǡֵǲе
Ƚòˣֱֻû۾ƿΪ˱棬һ£ЦˣˣҲҪģԺҲǰ֣ˣ
̧֣Լסۡ
ɿǻָˣɿ֣߹ȥѰ˶ңˣȻȥѷˣǻһ䣬ߵʱ︸ŮҲϣҪģȲͨͷѾߣȸ֮Բԣ
ƴ˿Ժ˵ģ˵ÿƫƫʲô˼ȴǲףֻŽǰߡ
ȻصջǰʱȻƴǰЦƹ˵˷ʹŵͷģƻ˷Ůӵվ¥ݿڿѯǲǵĴ˴򷢻˷䣬Ŵƻ˷䡣
һأﱾŵİһӣ泯ƣ˺󼸲ͻȻ͵һϹԡ𣡡ֵܰͷһɶˣ
ԺСءӰö󰡣


63 
һ·ŽԭͲƽ, ͻȻһһð춼û
ͷСصģûףö˰ɣ
ڽʱ, ڻعǰ, ʲôõǸġ
ֻǿѹסĵ׷ĸס˵ЩƽĻ
͵͵̧ͷ, ȷϲûκβϲ飬ɿոһ·ˣҾһáɶԺˡ˶, ȷСս, 治ңư, ɵĲǵضֵܶԲס, ͷͷֵܲ㡣
ƴ, Ǹٴαڵϵİ, մ˻ң, ǰ, ѵòһմ˲ɾĶһ£ǴЦѰϵĻҳĵҪô
Ц⣬⻰һǵ٩׷, Ц˵ôҶ㣡
ѾѰɾڲԶĻϣ˼һʱ벻ţ
ؿڣԡ
ǻΪעůڽҹԼǻԴ֪Լһֱ£η壬ڿ־壬¼гһ˼ǶôʧĮֵ
ѹţɽȴ֪٣Էᣬų֪ʣڡ֮һʱΣص㲢ˣˡ
һһϣҲ
ٵȵȣٵȵȣʱˣɲ̰һΣ
ʱ죬Ǹ֪⣬٣ܲΪټʹʧˣҲԶߡ
һѵ˯üãһΣĻ˵Ҳϲ
һ˯ȴģһجΣצ÷ɵЦ.ϷҸйСص°ͣ㺰ƺҲû˻ģСү˰ˡ
ԼԼѣһԼһƣҪˣôô.޵Σ϶ǱӰ쵽ˡ
һĴһûɿ
մ·ϴãƶһ̽ˣżţˣԷ
߹ȥ£˿Եģ𣿡
ȿҡͷһԡ
ȳԵʱѹ˵˸ոȥλŮӣԷ͵͵һţܴ˸дģԼյļƻ
߳Աߴ򿪣ȿˣݵǳ˾֪ľϷ뻹ͦõģֳˡ˵֪ǲǣȷڸǣҲֻû֣Ϊ´ݾܴûֻǸšҪǵΪո˽Ů߲ˣٴΪŮȥ̤ΪһƥִȻ뿪ʱҵŮӶУɱңӦǸûᣬֻʱεִ˵ûһЩΪ˼ŭԷ֮ǰʮһɱ֡
üһ᲻ᡭﲻ̫ã
Ҳǣ˵ܴ˵˼Է롭ˣʱ⡣
ʵֻ֣ˡ
һĺʧܶ࣬Ϊֻ֣š
˳극մţڸ˼䷿Ҳţ̣ǸոԼٵ극ˣƹӡӡ
ȣЦǰһ︩ĶСӱˣ
ȦˣлλӾ֮ūҵĵѾö࣬ԹȹҩѾЪ¡
һȣãȻˣҪһȥ̤
ɿһۣǲ˰ɡ
˳߿ƣô㿴ȥ˵ܺģʱСүΣ
ɣ᲻᲻̫ãӡūȥ𣿡
Ļýֿһۣǰļ򣬡Ȼûˣôõӣڷģȥ˵գһۣ¥
ȵ¥£ݣɫƹǰһӣһǵƥǣٶȿ㡣
˵գСȥǣʱֱȥ⣬һѣǲǸ˵ʲôˣֲһôȥţôҲˣ
ƣΪѵֻ֪Ǿе˼
һҲΪֿƼѰͷ
Ƽһֻ󿴵Сⳡֹֻͣɫÿ
ųŵ˳ǣһֱһߣӸһӣˣȥҸطȲ裬ڵʱǡ
￴ۣζЦЦͷӺܿԶѶĻǡ
ȳһߣʼ䴾عһȴҲѵһϷɹҲ˳ʧܡ
ԼҪ룬ϷεЦĻСӣ롣
ɿ쿴һۣһ˲ͺˣŤŤŽֱۣٯٯڳĵȫӡƳһĻɵˡ
ֻǵԽ˹һʱҲ̲סǰһѳסֱۣΣһеСҪǽ̻ĿĲ
Ǻ⣿װһ˼ģ߳ŭһ˦ֱۣ˵ˣ̤̤࣬Ϊβܽ˵ˣԺҵˣһôˣ
˵һ飿ˣôӦҵģ㵱ʲôһϲô̤ҵģ
ȴ߬øͱˣģŻԱߵ.žֿǣӡǡǡ
װʹʹţŭˣʹӿһһѣҸûϵˣ㲻Ҽ̤ģСүҪвУ˵ҪΪʧȥС飬ΪһỶϲ㣿Ҹ㣡ͷβҾûϲ㣡
˵ģϷȴ·ֻһ仰ȦѪһƬģýҲ̲ס̾찡Сÿûִݼˣ
һڣŤͷɿĨһۣعͷǿЦ£ȴЦñȿ޻ѿ㡭ԣҲһʶջظոյĻҵû
װһģҾͲҾ㣡ᣡһϲ˭Ҳϲ㣡ҾҪΪ檣ߣ
㣡ҧгݣҪҵǲǣ
ΣΣÿ𣿡˵꣬ԼԵЦǰ±ɵǰҲסλӵұò⡣
ֻȴһѻӿɺ۵͵תֱӳַͷҲصˡ
ֱԶȥڽɪɪӡȥ׷𣿡
׷ʲô׷СүûǸ۵ĸպãߣ˵գֱתֻ˼ͷۣس·˵ΣҲӲģֻܱ̤Ȼߵһ
֮װ⣬ʼϷܿЦ׷һƬ.ûȥˣǣ.һظΣȻ㵱ޣҵλү㣬ʱٻٲġ
Ͻ.֣ɡɳӡ
ʲôǣǵĽСүǰɣСүļңֿԾʱҼҰ̲ˣʱ򡭡
ǰҪȥС֣ߺ㿪һҪūҿô죿
ģСүڣҶ㣬Ҫ㣬СүŪľ仰ݾ˵ľ䣬˲ڣǽһĴΡ
Ҳ⣬ȴöڰĳֻ䣬һ˫ԽԽ죬ŲԶЦŵŮΪ˺Сӿ˵Щ֣߬˫ֵʮָĸƣѪָصҶϣѪζҲ˵ԽԽ񣬷·ǰ˱ģ
ǣת¶Ĳһˣǿȴ¶̵Ļ
ǷһͻȻŽ͵سǰȥ
ڰܴԼķɵ͵һɻҪȣԷҧһ˵ǿЦȻöԷû취
СӵЦȻоһΣգԤϵ͵һƨ.ɣʱﱻһߣ漴ԶˣڵһͶһµɺһ˫ۣ㻹㻹Ǹˣ㸺ң㸺ңɱɱ㣬ܵȥһԹԧòã˵òã
˵ŷĻҡҡλεģĽȴϴ
ǱӴܣƫƫҪѻ˵㡢Ҹ֮䱾ԸԼԸġôɱô޹֮ˣɱôˣǲǻϲˣ
־壬Խ˱һҧⱻҧѪ˳£Ǹоۣ˭ǳô㣬һǾǼ˵һҹôϲ㣬ϧü棬أȴ˹ϣ
ĻǷһģֱӷӹֱƽĿڡ
ǰһ㣬ɺɲۣϽ㿪ڿܴǴ˳˿ûֱ꣬ӾͿӾ˲䵽ǰṦС֮ϣֻǽɫһ䣬ܴҲɫ䣺ܣ
ѾӾܣܱڲ˵ǲ˵㣿
ֻû׷ǵײͷһƲ֪ʱȥӲһ
ɿǷ˷ҰޣҪȻֲûɱˣϾ鲻ֻ࣬ܿסھķǸϵܿ콫Χһ
ȭѵ֣ܿӵսű˵ֱʹһЩݺݶŽ۾ܣƿĿģ͵ǰԷʹУ̧ĽҪȥ
һֱȥģͳᣬӴӻͳһذ׾ͳؿڴȥ
ŵɫһףƷӦһܿذֻǲֱۣ漴̧һ߿ͬӵҲһˡ
ķɵһӵϣӳƷֻǵܴɿǰ͵ƿӵߣȿܴɫһ䣺ô㣿
ȴ˲Щɱߣֱֻۣǻ·δ˵ɿֽһһֱ۳壺ˣҿû£ɴˡ


64 
ȷû˵ɿ, ſճ˼ȥץ֣ѹſڲݵϣ״ƴͷŽķ, Ŭ볯ˡ
ʹˣһȻü, ɫ԰, Ǵ˿Ӱִģǲٹ֮͡
ոܴ˵һ䡰ô㡱ʱɫصܴˣʶ
ܴü, ӿֵͷ, νŭ, ĥÿεΪǣҪװ֪̫ºɲõӰֻм֪, ҧӣ㲻һ𣿡
˳ܴ߿ȥ, ʶ, ǻúܡҲ㵲ѣű־ȻǴ˴Ӿֶͬ, 뵽ɾסúһԺ, ֱṩ̫ı
ԷȻ񣬱ոһĻ̼ѹ־壬ǾķɿȻѣɴֱӰΣ̾Ϣһӷ𡣡
ƶһ, Īֲ̫õԤС
һ˴ŻԵֻصãΪϷƶָԭӣ˰ùؽηܴˡմˡԼ˵ܴ˵鷿üչ
һ࣬վһԣĿܴһֱ¶ɫڣôݺر𣿡
ܴ̾Ϣһ¡ֱˣǵ¾̻زأⰸӾ͵䴾Ƶģ޹ء˵ι󣬵£ǲˣĳ£պ󶨵ֻ֣ɱ˰ǾͱˡǷģּȻҵҶὫ֮ڷ
ıҲ˵ʲôô̰֮ˣ˵Ǻݣոջӣģҡǵйء
ĿܴӦˣɫ΢䣺ǹλġ
ܴüģ֪ǲ˵ֲߣֻӲͷƤͣոǿϤǽҪԵŹҲǾĶӡǱˣ׹ùáǹλ
ǰһھͬһλӹ˵ӹǲãҪھʱΪܻ±ԸɴѻŪߵݸΪǱ̫࣬߶徻
ͬŵϵ֪µĻţô˵˵ֶҲͬˡһŵȷǴ󲡳ģպźͷһլӾʱסţƽʱӼ濴鼮ǰ·ʱһרҪûΣѹû뵽ᡭ
ܴԼ˼ˣһʲô䴾ء
ҲҲ
ܴ˺ԼƣԼ£ĸֹûԤ֪Ҳ޷ǸɱħȻѾҵĿǰ취״̬һЩ֪ǡ˸ؾ
ȴؾǣ߻ʵԶܾһΣҲܾȵڶΡ
İܴһһȻʱסĵط鷿ʱͺ治ѣһأգʲôôǸӺʲôʲôüʲôģ󲮲Ǳ𣿡Ÿ
ǴӾģȻôûعɾеĶȴһ
Ҳ̾Ϣһȷ󲮣ҵȽϸӣ鵱Ǵһͷʮʱһ·ΪģȹʥϣԲرо仰һ˵õȮ죬鵱ŻϻؾҾͰᵽǡȴѡ̡ʮʱ䣬ɹˣΪĴ֮һһҲȷǲǿʮ֮˾š
Ϥǰɱ˰ɣǾǵģǴ̣ҹϵƲϤ֮ǰ˵ĻҲ˵ͨ
ܴԲһΰ
ϤСλСүϤԼģȴڲҿڣ֪Ϊ֪˼
һϲӿһȴΪϤиĴ󲮻һĹùãӼ֮ίߡ
һֺСһȴƭ˵ԼУʵȴǻϲŮӡ
ֱϤ֪࣬ۼŮӵﻹ˵ѹʲôֻĻϤһŭ֮¾ɱ
ΪϤݣҲ֪ģû׷Ϥȴ͵ǧ֮䴾رѡ
Ҷ֪ϤΪ֮ǰѾˣľ̼ܵɱ
˸Ҳ̫ˡ
ô죿ôϤǱǻܴˣôȣȾǵõϢһȥʱ򡭡Ǹ֮ǰһ֮߸Ҳ
üģ¡ܴ飬ʣµǲùˡظ࣬úϢ
ƶһֻۣʱȻȥ
ܴΪ뿪ҲҪ£ܴǴҵõϢǰϤĻܴ˺޲ֱӽϤնƫƫϤŹй޷նҪϱ
һҾʱˣʱ򡭡
ҴƹܱزȴǮᣬศɣ˭Ҳ벻˭
ϤӡϤٴγ£ԲӲܣλܾһΣҲЭڶΡ
ɱ֮ǰ߸˵ϤɣʱҪɱҲôϤģֻҪǸ̼ԷԺõ֤
ǡʹˣΪϤĹҲ޷նֻܵϱ
ɼʹɱˣȰϤҲҪġ
ܴǱҹȥѲϤסĵطΪδɹϤӣϤԼҲòܻɵԼͷϣѵذףؿ˿һģһѵٴ֬ǴӾǴģܴҲ촽ϵֻ֬ûҵһģϤķҵ֤ȷ䡣
ϤЩʸڷϣЩ֤ݣܴҲôѹϡ
ܴ̼ȻϤʧ֮»ǳˣܴѺ
Ϥվ£ҧ鳰ַ񲣺һѺΣйɱ𣿹ֻҪϱֻҪ֪ϢһʱȻһһȻ
ֻܴʦү֤ݺ͹ʵﶼʱڣ֮ã
ϤҲնԭܴ˻ӲһЩ֤Ȼֻһثֹ
Ϥʱͷζ˽һۣܴϣȻҪˡ
ܴɫ࣬һԵҲ֣߬ס԰ꡣ
һֱܴ֮ʦү׼𣿡
ʦүϽǰˣˣ
ܴ˵ͷĸǰļ򣺡ߣֿϷ
Ȼ֣ǸȥƶһۣҲܿϡ
ȵ䴾ܼһϣΪץɱħϢѾ˵ǴӾĹӣն治ѣͿүֱӰ˸һӣԱ߷һᦣ顰顱
˺棬ܿΧͿܴʼһĶϤɱֵУӶԷھΪ֮ɱСɣΪɱˣصͻϤɥĲԼ߸˵޹˻֮³̾һǱĸܣԭΪλ޹ԩλָǳ˭֪ԷȻйŹͨնȨȴйĺް취񱾹١ֻܺƤλһ¡
һλֱߣʱȻ֮ôһɱħô˽ҹܰޣǵֵܣŮΨһջꡣ
ɱ֣֮ˣô䵱Źôպ볯Ϊ٣˫մѪȣеıʸӣ䵱ŹԣձڴˣλŹʱٶܽڱٵ֮Էλհǡ
ܴһ䣬ʱյǱɱȾ㣬ôһɱֿܻң⣬ߣ˵ֲǳӼ߰ߣôܵ٣ǲ
ԣǰӡлдֵдԼӡܴ˴Ϊд֮ӡ
䴾رˣ´￪صҲ׷רŸϹڵʱ򣬾ȻĴﵽˡ
ܴԭΪҪգ˿ЩͨͨӡۿЩʪ˾һٶУʹɴñҪˣҲôһ񼫵ɱ˷ң⡣
ܴ飬ҹϤ
Ϥܴ˽νĹŭҵĹԼģһûʸ񣡡
ܴĮһۣվֳϷ˰ݣѡιԱĿΪ츣ΪΪȻѡιԱˣΪ㵱٣ûʸ񣡾Ǹ浽ϸǰҲ˵ˣϤɱˣֶβ̣ĺбѪȣպն
Ϥ˻ֱܴ۶ȥ
Ϣоǵ˸ϹʱϤѾˣʱ飬нһˣͲ黹ɱɣ
˵ڴˣ֤ϢѾ飬ʱʲô϶ѲϵϢһ϶УҪ
ܴļɱϤ˳ҲԱȫİ취
ҲĿɿڴ̲סܴ͵͵˸ޣǲûϤնϾ䴾Ѿʱղ٣Ҫزء
ߵʱܴУĿܴˣ룬ӻͳһţѹҪʱȥռҡܰﵽҲֻˡ
ܴһ㶣ʶʲô̲סһĵļ򣬺ۣСӲصͦġţȴûȥңĺˣҹֵôҲ
ıȭأҪҡ
ĴŽ뿪䴾أ˺Զ̲סͷۣܴ˻ûµİɣ
ģʱ¡
˸֪ǵϢȻЩĺܿ죬һλ֪ΪΣӼǰϿʼջһҵıȨзһѹҵȨơ
ȻȻ죬ҲûȥϤܶһ٣ܴŪ飬ţҲĲðٱϤҲ˵


65 
ǻصʱ, ؾƹݳԶٷĵͿһڰ֣̫˲ȥˣ⼸ͰظҲ࣬첻ȥű, Ъһա
Ȼû
, ͵͵ǣվһ, ֹҧ䣺հɲܰ䴾ص¸˵ȻǼװҪ֪ҺСءܴҵȶ
ûסЦûô
Ķ, ûʶֻǸտͷ, ƼǸάģ, ⵷һѣ, ⻹ûôžͿʼάˣʩ
⺢ӣĶ, Сӣ˵ֻǽôһ˵, ȻԭΪԼС˼ý, û뵽û뵽ˡͿһ, ǲڣ͵齹һۣƾ˼֣ϸ𡢱ǰ˵, 
һƤˣô죿
ò׵˺ü͵հȢš
ͦͦؿڣǾҪඡⶺһ䣬Цһ䣬Ͻһˣǵ˵İ۵¾ͽ˰
ǸһȥΨһۣ¶Էº˵Ц˵⣬¸С鷳
䣬磬ʲôֱ˵Ҷġ
ᴸһ£۰ƥǣƻ˾ƹݡ
Ҳǻؾƹݵһ߼ŻкܶҪæˣô࣬ջȥų
˲ߣ˴кһһӦˡ
һ·ڳĬŻûסʵմˡ˵ʲô
սѹʲô۶ס죬䴾ص¸һ˼ʲôʱԡʵ˵ǴһҲţһһ¡
֪ʲôҲû롣
Ȼصƹݣ￴ǲûסۣƽʱãͻȻһߺüգ⻹úܣһ˴һ£СӣûˣϽԸǳ˲ˣȣѯ⼸յ
ܿϷΣôץǸɱ˵ɱָץ˵ﵣĲѣ˵ȷ֮ŷģ⡢Ҳ̫Σˡ
գգۣͻȻ̾ϢһأʱΪץ֣մرģ󶼱Ťһ£ⲻΪ˴⼸ջĹ񣬴ûԣͻŴ˵ⵥǲУȷԲϡ
ֿմ˺ʱˣ
͵͵ʯסƵӣϵ˵մ˶ôô
ƳԼһӦһĲɵģûסЦˣȲˣվųԵñĶƤ˴յ·ˣȻȥ˯ˣҲЩЪϢ
ӦˣǸϽȥ
һֱصЪԺŶЦòУС㿴ûǵĵģ˵û뷨šչƺܿҪλˡհգ˵Ҷ㲻ã⵱ӿܸ첲ˡ
ưҲ±š
ȿȣⲻǸôֹסЦͿһ˸ĻҲһʯͷԭЩദҲİﵱˡ
Ժһڲأ˼ˣٲôġ
ЩǸиˣ⣬Ȼ
ֻǽĸ˻ûάһͻȻ˵Ҿ䵣̺մˣ絣Լ
ָָԼңɶõĵģ
Ƶųڵɨһˣӡ
ӣ
ڻعʶƵ˼һˣֻ˵յ£һҪ¡
񲻹ǸͱôýϸýһճˣͳӣôġǸ˵ýĸǡҪ˵Ϊ£޲̰ٻ޸
ʱģȥ÷ȴǾӣǶЦվ鷿һر£뿪ֻʣʱǰ͵һ֣ιˣػˣ
εͿһô
Ƴһۣ˰ʲôϲ£üЦģ
΢˲ܿĿ⣺ʲô£빫񡣡ʵǣһֱдţﶼûôʾȴþƹݴӵСһźУ˵ǽġ
˽СӲ벻Ǿֻܡ
Ĳա
ȴŹɨһȦ룬żɽ˵հ㵽ôģ
㣬ԵʱСо٣¾Ҫԣ˵ǧǰþ̣˵Ҫ׼ǰǡ
ǴСһȥǸϿģһȥ˵ҲҪ꣬һСظУҪһʱ䣬ûķֿôãһڲҲģҲȥǿܲʲô⣬ֻݸ
֮ǰˣСؽ֮ǰ¸
û뵽ֱӿڣͿһǶĨôȡСһӡ
һɫ̧֣ͷ̯˵㡢㡭˵缸ʱθ̯ʱĻ棬Ҳ˴ǣĵ˸ǰȴ̲סţԵʱҪţ㡭ӡô
һѹõ͵͵ģŽŵĲŽĿȴϿҼᶨġ
û뵽ĻͻȻôʣһ£Ҳ룬˵ӡʵ
ĸˣ׼⻰˼ǡ⣿ʲôõĵطܸĵġ
ͻȻһתȻ˵ķˡҪҪȰȰܳԿͣôҲģûĸѹţûԽȥ
Ͼǳˣˣضһˡ
ɲġ
㶵ģûסɿСӡˣΪԸ⣡
սˣĨǵĻҲ˵뵱Һ£ûȻֻǻǰǻҪǶﲻã߸ʲô˼ͨʲôģⲻףҪǻϲⱲӾ͵ȻҾͬ⡣
ΣҳﻹܡôšʱûͨΡ
Ѿᣬû˼ұֻ֤ȢһⱲӾҲ檣㷢䣿
Ȼһۣ⻰˵Ҫ˵ҲǸδ˵
Ķֺˣ㡢㻹ǡ
˵ûûС˺Ժɱ˺ﰡࡣ
ʲʲô⡭СӣǷˣСӽЦģǡǱߡͬ𣿡Ȼ֪⣬ɱϾûʹһ
ͷۣհ㲻Ĵֱý˾͹ȥɣ㲻鰡
һ£飿
ָˣ˶ռˣҽһС
ҪȢҲԵͷŲˡ
Žһþöûع񣺡
ô㲻Ұ
ҧףңˣҲˡ
նǷƽ˾ģΪ׼üնûȥƹݣһ뵽ԼҪ¾̲סһ￴˼
߲ȥһʼûΣͻȻ첻òԣֲֻӿһֱڸǰͻȻʧӰ١
ʹѰĸоһնԲ·Ǳ߿ûƣԼԼ˼ǰ˺ΪԼԸԼһľܾգǿĵء
ڵõյŶǰ˵ãŹ˾ƹĲɵǰֱۣļϣǶûȥˣ
￴̲סЦ˻Ҳ°ظЦ㡣
ƳһۣŲЦءպýɫãȥ߰
һӦ̣ͣȥ߰ɣѵýɫá
ƶ˿ڣҲĪģӦˣǣûˣôһյţӵ꿪ʼ±̯˵˵ʱ˵ȥѧòҪ
̲סҡͷҺʱҪ㣿˵䣬㵹ǺáҪմ˵ʦἰģﴹס۵׵Ļްö࣬뵽ǲһֱϻӦˣٵˣ
ĻӿĿǶſɬĸһֱģȥ£ֻܰеĸ鶼£ĵס
ǰ˵һΪʦΪҲ֪Ժ˭ܵʦ˵꣬͵ƳһۣȻûסϵı顣
Ϊ⻰һ·ǻ㱣Ҳû徹Ǳ˴ƽʱŻƵĺߣΪϲǻƽڣ߲ûʲôˡ
ʱҲˣûˡ
һֱǰߣͻȻûһ㶣һûˣҲûˣֻǰԶһϪôתȥҽˣͻȻһյˮƴӷŵһƮ
һ㶣յˮƣ֪ôŪģֽģһյƣƽʱֶֻ߱״Σȴ״мվһСˣͷϾһΣЩγһ壬ĵһգڵҹɫԡ
ֻǿʼŵһյڶյյ
ĻƾôˮƮĿƾ۳ɵǹ㣬һ˴һոµһյλƳüۿʣǴЦ۵ױӳ÷·ǹ⣬ŨŨ·۶
￴ˣþöûܻعֻĿٿվǰ⣬İѻĻƵȥǰҾͶȢ˼ϱְҪ뿪һˣҲˡܸҸպչģ֪ûȫУҵƷͷⶥɴ֤Ҿ檣ҲŮκξ
ֻһԼСӣʱȻһ˹¶ϵĴ㣬ɿ㡭ҲֻһˣԸ⣬ǾٸܵãǲԸ⣬ǾֻһӣһҵһչˡԣԸᣬչչĻ𣿡
˶ɵˣſģڻع˵ʲôһ.죬㡢㡭˵ʲô˭˭ʲôܵã
ƶڻҲɵۣƶһۣԲۣҿû
аգʦͨ
ĻŲѣҡҲ֪˵ʲôתҪߡ
ŵˣŵǰסȥ·Ļϲ㣬Ҽ縺ʹˣǲõˣɼ֮¡һǼ޸ˣҡҡ
ͷѹҿ㡢㲻ҵˣ͡ҪҰ
ǡҲˣץ͡ǡѹõ͵͵ģûסԽ
֮ǰеڶ˽ڣȢΪޡ
ȴû壬ͷսȥƣ˵ɶ
ƿһۣҡҡͷûʲôֻ߬Ұݵȴ̲סսԽΪȻΪֻ֮´ᣬں
ԭĶΪĸͻȻһӵĶҲûסһ
ĻˣޣҴˣҲñ㣬ҪǲԸҾ͡Ҿ͡ȢֲĿΪѡ
Ƶģ˭˵ҲԸ⡭ɡҡһŮǡʹԸ⣬ļأԶھǵأŵ̧ͷȦͨ죬۵ȴҲгɣ£»ᱻļҲ»˳Ц
ı޵۲ѣģǲֹģͣҵĻ£Ȣޡ֮ӦܲµһҼȻѡôһʽȢ޷ãȢޣȴҲȢݸߵģʣרšԣ֮ϣעǡ
˵Լ˵ȥ
飬ǰˣܳ˵Եǡףƶһۣ͵͵뿪ѽδС޵½Լ˵ͨ
һʹҴ˳ȦţüչǻЦֻǿѹ̧ˡ
ǱƵģҴҺСﲻȥһҶôõķ䰡ͷһۺòҡˣңϡ
ûסЦͷûȥģҲòУҹɫڵ
̧Լ֣òƵҲ̧Ǳ֤˵ʲôǶʲô˰ɣʦǷ˴Ҳøҳǵģ
⺢ӣʲôգɿȻعûסЦ˾䡣
չȥúúã˵˻УͻˣհϸŸ˵ӣ
ȷƲ֪ûôΣҴһȥͰԼڷڶҲû¶棬ֱƳ˼Ųų
֪Ƶǰһ۾ͿĲ֪ʱģȥȿ۾һ߹ȣ⿴ưڰ֡
ΣܿȥԺ
һŽ鷿һأȷûͬˣ㿴㿴ʱȥƸ
лҪ˵˱ŵԤգȤĻǰԤһաо
ڻʹֵޡ
飺ΪةҲܳӣлԴӴ̱
ĸ˿ʳزֻ͵͵ȥֻʵա
ĳ鲻뱻֣븮ںԺأһյܵ澹ǹѺһֱֲֻŰݹ᾵ޡ
лһʱ֮ģ͵Ͷιһ
˹˰꣬лȥͶιѾڡ
ʧĻʵͻȻı֮ةš
лΪԼɣȴ֪ڹѪڱ֮䣬лѡ˺ߡ
ֻû뵽ڹŷ֣Ѱֻǳ䵱һöӣĿжһǰȥףɱʵۡ
л磺
ֱл׺û˾ͱ乬ĳһ죬һδһʱյޡ
л缤һ̹ޣóıӲ޿ڣˣ
ĳʵۣemmmmѼƵιʳַϤܡ
CPɵXù˾óԷ


66 
û뵽ôļ, һ£˹Ц£Ƹ¡
Ŀڵģ᣺ɡҼ
ûסˣ㲻ý˰
ĻȻ򣺡ԶԶԣҪҪģ
͵, չȥĵļ򣺡հ, 㿴Ժһ, ô㣬ǲҲðһΣ
ɿʲô, ˵»ȫ, ʹû, ȻҲҪľ
ϾԺҲˡ
Ž̲ס¶ȸĹâ, ýǴ˸£, ɱô, 㿴Ҵ򺮲ҲĨǣҴľһСæ, ˵װ, Ҫ߸򣬷Բ˳ԣý˵ѡܽҲ
˽ܴ, ǿƷҲǿɿˣ˵ɺȥ˿ʵ
ýҪ룬Сȴһ¡
֮ǰСǾ仰ѣô˸˵ףٶ.ӵݡΪһݣҲ뵽һȫİ취
ȻûôСȻûӦɡ
ǣõĵͬ⣬ϴŵûؾƹݣȥýš
ýž֮ǰ˵ýǸýǲĴýţڱ˶ⲻÿеʱýƶҪ˵£ԣεĿľΪ
ý˵֪㶵òУϽӴˣȽߵˣҲû飬ֻʣʱýĿڽϴȲӣ㴵ˣĪ⣬ͬš
Ҳ롣и¡
ýһǸ˵ýʱȤǺȲ裬ԼҲһɶ°ӰӾϣŹ˵ɣӶϡ
һۣɶϣܸС˵ɣø˵һ
ȷȤˣҲǴ˰ңȻý⣬Ҿ͡
ý˱üۺȲô粻֮ýӦҵĻ£ͻȻ䣬һĥ㱻ǺϽȡȵȣ˲䣬ýһЦ˾ջֺõش֣ϣƣǽС룬ôõ¶ӣǡ
бһۣ˭Сأ˱ְȻˡҲǷý˲ɣϾýýˡ
𰡣ⲻһֱźùﶼʲô鰡ý˼ֱ룬гһվȻܸý
ҪǳˣԺܴһӣ
ʮ˴汲
ǵýˣ֪ˣȻûֵĺ£Ҫиġ
ý˸ϽӦ˵ֵ˵㿪ֻҪ׮Ӷ㣡
ⱲҲôʵҲ򵥣ýԺ˵ýļҲУңҲҪ취ñҲ˵ýҪĻҾͰ½죬ô
ýɵۣ⽹ҵҲⰡôúõϱȢأ
һһأѹͲ룡
ýҧҧӴӦˣ
ҲˣϾý˿ǲý˵һˣȻҴӦضа취ֹպ徻ü꣬óͱõĶȻˣǩ˰ɡ
ɶýһɵۣüһֱǰдˡ
ýɫֱ䣬Цеģǩ𣿡
ýҧǩǷڸλ˵ýĻҲýŸ˵ýʲôҵģ
ýӡĳŵŷġ
ýȴǼòУֵܣ㿴£
һӣȻ죬ȥ˱ý¾ͽýˣ
ýüЦǲ֪еļҵĶ˽𣿡
ĶǶ˽Ǹʮĸˡ
ýˣ⡭Ҳ൱ǾŮ⣿Ҳǵٵģǲصģ
Цеģǣǲصģ￪ģһƹݣѾûˣֻһӣŶˣﻹиŹ
ý˱ѾС¼Ժ˼⵽ļңֻԽԽ£˶ɵۣͷȥᡭλɡ
ȴѾվ˷䣬ͿһŶˣŮսŶýˡҿŶ
ýˣ
ýôںԼʧδӵĻ£ȺƳңվӿûס泯ǽţЦûסȥСûýԹլƵġ
ȻĶʵû̫ôý˼Ȼǩˣ϶ҵδӣȻ취ֳŵֹصýٸ˵ý
һͷ󻼣½󣬲ŵͿһ¹⿴ƺܺãףֲϱô˰
һȴɫ䴽ԭ㵽Ȣǻ֣ǻܶճʱ䡣
˫ƹߣ޹ȥû˼ˣСҪŬҪˣҾʱ򡭡˵ҿǲˣҪ
۵й棿
бһۣ⻹ǼٵģҪŬ
۵峺ûκα꣬ĵͻȻӿһϣҲǲǵȵ˾һԣʱֻǶˣҲгһܱԼҲ˵
ͻȻδ޾ڴ
ãýȴض㣬˵ĻȴҲ֮أý˲ɵȻ˵Ѿǰ϶ģô˵ȫȻҪúıһ
ý˽ûһֱʱȲĳװպմ˻İװżǲ㱻ˤһ£û°ɣ
ý˸Ͻվ񣺡ϣӾײүˡһٿޣ󻰷һת˵ƣ³ç˽ܣǲýˣ֪ˡлĴ㣿
ǰʱص˶ʶʱͻȻЩ裬ʱͻȻýôһ˵Ͷ˼̲סŶ
ʶý˵ģҲӽ֪˵ýĶʲôǰܾǿЦһ˵Уٽܲɣ
Ҳ̲סЦ˭ˣýҲǷˣȻֱסҪ˵ܡ
ý˿ʼԼʽ䣬֮ǿе޵ģؿڱ֤˷ģֻҪ˵ҵʮ˸ƻŮԸ⵱ˣ˵Բԣ
ѵÿȻ壺ԣ
˳Ű֣ýĪҪɷ٣Ѿʮߣһͷˣϲһ˺˼ҵĹý˵Ҫ汾˵ףֻӣֻҪǸ̤ʵɿŮӣҲգѸҲգֻҪƷУ൱ٶɡ
ɵۣǰɣҪ󡭡ǲеͣ
˾϶ǿЦʱ򣬾Ϳýһ֣ϣӼˣͷ϶ѰţҪкõģ˼š˵գһˡ
û£ֻ˾ǻϻЦ
û죬ǿýͻȻȥҵľƹݣ
Ҳֻýֲȥȥ˵ף˾ƹݣʱͽҲڣвٳԿͣýȻǿЦĻСӣСö˰ɣ
ͷһͷڹ̨ӣţʮˡ
ſǱ߿˱һ֣ϣýˣǸ˵ײɣ˵װɣɲУʱ˵ģȻҪҲΨһĵҵİ£ҵġ
ƹݵĿ̲סЦԶԶԣǽҵӺýҪ˵ͣ͸˵ɴӦ϶СҲӦ
ŵסÿĻȥ˺Ժ
ýˣҲУ㿴ɣҲףⶼʮˣɣиѡƷû⣬Ҳ󣬱꣬ҲʣǼ⣬ʮüҲûȢϱҲŮźӣҲãǱˡ
һýⲻаСӳĲһһŹô˵ģһ˵ƷûⳤҲУʮüûȢϱ˵⣬ǻô⣬Բ϶ֲϱ
۹ɸأȻƷû⣬ʮüȢϱ
ýˣⲻǡûߣһ
Բԭһ
룺ҼҰʵҲȱǮҲûʲôֻҪĶҲУý㿿𣿡
ýؿڱ֤
ЦţǿЦһ˴۰
ýˣͬˣǿɰ
̲ס壺㻹զϽСӣ
˵˵ֲȱǮ˵ҲǲС
ҪƷʵҲͰˣ׸Ҳ𣿹
У˭Ҳû¡
û죬ý˴Ķⴵҵ࿴ĸˡ
һҲ˵潹ҵ࿴ˡ
ѹû£Ҳû롣
Ϊýģ͵õϢȥ࿴Ĳ¥ſ࿴
͵˺ͽӡ
ˣ
ԲۣýǲǷˣȻĸҸʮꡢ޺ģ
Ȼĸһʮ꣬⣬ȢϱƷûģ
ǡȻû⣬ǡ
˺ͽӣ
ûЦޣϻϷװ࿴ģȼˣϷţ󡢴ˣô㣿ý˵Ȣϱʮü㣿
óⱲӵݼôǣǾ̤ʵɿӡ൱޵ĸӣ
ˣˣͻȻԼЦ˵п׸ýҲû˵⣬Ϊȥຮְ֮갡
͵͵ŲԶ۵С۵ߡ
ʵôԶԶһƣе䣬ǣ˰ôȢһ޵Ůӣ
˴ģ¾Գɲˣ
ʮպ󡭡ǵƸ
ˣţеۡ


67 
Ƹʱ, ڲԶŶҪǹ˼žƹ˶̲࣬סЦôˮ硣
ɵ׻ǽ͵ģǼһ׶һĺӱҲûˣ
մ˶ھҲϲ, Ĳδ˵Ǿռҵˣһϼ, 졣
ֻŵԼԼƹ, ټϼİϼԶٷͺá
ûʲôɵý˵ʵĻʱ۾գһ, Ŀһɨ, ѯʽ, ˵ĸӱȽϺʣ
ﲻʱ棬汾, ɽ˵ǽҵĵ, ҲͲذˡ
ɨ, ͿĳĬĬԶһĸסֻһ
ýǲµһ, Ȼ쿴ؾ͵ûմһ֡
ûסЦ㻹вУô, бȢȥ
ĬĬڴͿһ˽һۣ㵱Ҳ룿ǵðչ
ǹ֮⡭ճɻ黹ЩãȽϷġ
ոҲˣý˰֣ѡƵ, һʮˣںꡣ
ǲһ࣬ʮʵҲǸӣҪСˣ¾ҪȲμĻ磬ʱǾҪʼ̽
ҲѡʮˣԸ⣬ýȻûЦпʼޡ
ΪףֱӰѲԼͷĴӶˡ
Ͼͷ飬ȻȢһ޵ģҪ֪ҪôͣҲüȥˡ
Ҳ˾Ӧǲ̫ʹ죬Ͻͽܣ˵㻨ߣǲô˼
ͱʼյʱһףǳΪһ̸
ʲôԵ֣Ե֡
ԭСѹû˼ֻ͵˱ɼң˵ͣý˾Ǹ˵ͣһ֮£ע϶ģҲƷⲻֱӵͷͬˣ
ý˾һ׮룬ԶĴýˣ˫գϲЦеĿۡ
Ҳû˽£֮󣬾˽ýȦų˵ýĻˣ˵ͣ˾ͱӦǸȥ
ý⻰һ˵ýýˣǷѾҲû˵һģֻܴͷ
˵֮û°̲ͣģȥ˷ֽСˣ˵ͬȥݸȥˡ
һ׼õģҲǰͬἰ
ıЩ˰ѲľӲû̫࣬Խ뿪Ҳû⣬ýúȥԣһӦ
Ȼûĵ£뿪˲ء
ԭﲻĻСˣֱӾܾˣ˵Ͳϲ̷Ҳûǿ
뿪صʱ¶ʮ壬ӲصݸҪüգԵһڰ³ţһȴʮ壬Ҫݸˡ
ЩҲǰͬˣҲѹǾܶգȹٻҲ١
һһӦˣȸյ·̵ݸδȥ
֮ǰγݸ֪ݸסںɴӦһ£ססȴһ¡
Ͼסڱ˸ôڣԡ
Ҳ˵ƣȥһ
ҲûʲôֱӾ͸Žߡ
ˣͲҰ˰
ƣУֱӰƱԿ
ûסЦֵܵúãԼ˻˹ĺˣС㳤ôãֵһ㿼Ժøҵɽ
ûסһĲǽͷĲİ߲Ӱӷ·ֵ̲סȥһ£ϵĽǲģǲͬΪǰů
һֱưƣһңͣɿ֣ߵɫĴſڣ泯쿪ֱۣⲻ⣿ϲ
ǣԭΪǴݷ˭ŽָͷŵһԿףٿɫĴţԺһֿܣԺӡµģ
ԣϲɣ빱Ժһ·̣ӹոûԶǣ˵űԿȥţס˼ﲻ㣬Ҳûôڣסջӣ龰ϵҲ˸ƲƽʱɨԺӿţƽʱʳǾȥͷطﲻ֪Щ͵͵ԻܵһǮ
ûҸС⣬ʱҲýͣɴơ
߶߶ţûСصͷһֶԷվﲻ˵ֻǿĿȴŸӵĹ⣬ǰ⵷һ£ɶأ̫жˣǲֱܼе޵ģˣ£˵Ҳպܻأãֻ֪˭Ҳ֪Ȼɲ˵©ˣ˵ġ
ɤƵ˵֣ͻȻ.߬Ž
ͷôϽȥƣѡģ֪㻶ϲ
ƵߵĻû˵ڣ£һڣҲ޷ͷ
ԺûԺӣֻƲʰԺڵķӣ鷿Ҳʰˣ֮ǰǻҲǶˣ鷿õĹɫ㣬鷿ƣպһƬ֣ԺǽɫܺãҲǽѡԺӵԭ֮һ
϶ܺá
ƸŽһţֻˣ·һִ̣ؼҲֻǣһУ˸ƣֻʣһˡ
һȦƿɨɾţȥˣ֮ǰûסƲÿɨһΣŻᵽ֮һֱסԺ˳㿴šЪЪȥһˣҪ˲ȥǺҪ˵ġ
˵ԼˣҲûɶãȺһʰǣ˩ǰԺ֮ȥȥ
ǵ˺ɫѾˣҲջأҪסѾԺΪɸˣû뵽СӶô죬ɼȻҲ޷ֻǳ
ȽڴӺʱͷѾǴ£ǿҪ˷Ҫסһҹ
ǾסԼڣڼҺúÿ飬ҳȥ䡣
ƣһȥ
ˣ㻹ʮҪԣԼһȥСȥԼµĲҵϴι·ݣһת۶ĩˣüˣҲĲ¡
ͬˣ𣿡
ȻأȥԷϴݸˣδúù䡣
ƷģȻصԺӣΪ·⼸춼ˣܿ콹ϴþͻ˷ͷҪ˯ȥ֮ǰͷܾСʱСϱؼҹ
ڶ˯ͣѾüȭţƣ߲öͷϵĺ߹֮ǰȥ˳ʳȥϴҿԺС˻ţҸ˹
ˣӦűſ򣬡Сأ˼Ҷ˵Զҳȷģ̫ͻˣԺ˭޸иඡ
Ʋĵ٩ޣ㡣
ߺߣҲŲޣۣЦȻҪǼޣҾΪͬˡ
ͣ²ӣͷǺãҼޡ
ѾȥϴһԲˤڻϣСأʱҲῪЦˣˡ
ʼ磬̧ˣֻǱȥʱ򣬶ͷһκͷϵĹⷴ俴۵׵ı顣
ֻƿЦϴƳſȥ鷿ӣȥһҳ·ٳʱѾһ·ζˣɫҲɫմ˺ӣҲƣģ˶ʮ꣬ô߽ݸ䱦
ƹĿ۾ʱˣӣˣ


68 
ޱ鳯ƹ, Ҳѹõ͵͵ģһڣЩǻ⼸Σ
ȻǼã⼸½˺ü׮, ҲǸɣ˳Ǳߵүһ, ˵Ҫ, û뿪ݸ˵һЩһˣ˵׮Ҫ̸СıҲҪ֪ͨ, û뵽ɹˡƹһŽ, һָӵֶȥϲ衣
ߵͷ, λһȥ, ˱
ƹ̶˵ȥá
ֵ̧ס, ͷʱ䡣
ɫķ˿, ˵ķɫȻͬЩ, ʮǰźһݸ, ֮ÿιݸ̽⡣
ҲǸˣպһ֮ع̶ӡ
Ϊ׵ϴһģ˵̼֣Ȼ񣬵ԷȴȷǱ, Է翡ǳˣģǸߵŮū翡֮Ȣ˵ϱ
翡Ȼô秵֣ȴǸδ󺺣˴ӣ˵ߵԣʱżȻ翡ԷʱڱΪ˰ֵܵæһ׮£Ƿһƨ.ɵծ˲ٱ֮صĶܲ׬Ǯ
ȻΪûţ˵ȥ֮أӾǴﴫġ
ǵʱѾ±⣬ڲѾôɲһһ˺ʱŪȥʱˣǱﴫ߻ߴ˭Ҳ˵塣
翡Ҳ˽У翡ʱʮ꣬ʱΪƴţѾſȻȴҲͣ˰翡ģ͵͵ⶥٷ
û֮ǰΪǹ¶ɹٻƣҲһЩױȻڼϰ֮Ҳû⡣
Իױ֮Ϳʼ翡ͷ翡ʱȻݿɣʱŵֵѾͶ·Ȼֻѡ
翡ծ˹ɣ忪翡ڱ֮ؿ¥ȸֳʳƣֻֻڱ֮ظĳ
翡ʱΪİæԭȫ׬Ǯܾˡ
ʱҲֻԣû뵽翡֣⼸ʱ䣬ֱ˶ʮҾ¥ٱ֮ٽԼݸˣֻûݸߡ
֮꣬䱦һĶҲģÿֵܷõĺЩҲе׬
ռиСɣƽʱȥһЩˮʱֱһĶо𿪺רҹǶڸԼϣƽĴۡ
ȶ֮Ϊ»ݸϺˣ͸翡ѧһŵСվǰǶϲ
ˣ翡ǰиֵûˣٰͲ࣬ʮ꣬ɴݸù飬ƽʱڿռõʱó
䱦ƹһֱΪǴӱģֻǸ翡һطƽʱݸҲпԭ
ƹ˱ܿ췭˷ʱƹѾȥ֪ͨ翡
ԵȽ꣬翡ҴˣЦЦǰസؿڣղֿɺã
翡Ȼñδ󺺣ȴǸƹû
ʼ磺Ȼܺã˵˵ɣʲô
翡ƹġ
ƹĸϽ˱ȥѵطǡ
翡ʶѾ꣬Ҳûֱ棬Ϊʵ̫׳ʵڵһֻܣýûסˣһЦֵͿһס飬翡Թһۡ
۾ɫսЩ˫ۣǺ棬֣Ƕʶô꣬㲻һĿ˵ùƹģΪʶģɵθ翡ʶʱȻϣɵʱͷ̫ͣЩ곤ô࣬翡ɵϸҲͲµ
һں󶼲ǶԷǹϣʶʱѹûʮ
סǷ̽˼꣬ú˵˵˵Ĵʲô
翡ʵʲֻܴͷҲʮЩҲӸλҲģ̸һʴ⣬˸ơ
̧һַֻ˷ۣһʲô⣿
翡ȴ죬¶һڰ׻λεİʮƽ𡣡
üҲ㵲ѣļٵģ䱦󶼴´ࡣЩôණҵ׶ûʮ
翡˵ģԸǶһҪ̸˵ҪۼŻ㿴ĶһżͰ˴˰ڿջԭҪݸ㣬Ҿȥһ͵͵ܲҵ㡣
ʵĶϾһҪ׬ˣֱż겻ÿţֻǡǻڣ˭ôֱʣһ˿ûǮ
翡ҪǱҲҲλС
ı˭
翡ɽׯׯЦ
λʮǰȢׯȢЦŸɵй֮⣬оЦųúãһϣŵʥϲûϡ˵Դӵ¼֮λׯʹ޶ׯѹûô¶ǵ͵ôôֱ
翡ʵ˽Ҳ̫δɽׯλܼ˵븸ˣʵٳ£ϵȻʮǰ˹Ҫ޾ɺãͳȥ͸ʵ۵Ȼᡣ
Ҫ˵͸ʵۣǽҲеף룬ʮǰСοǻƽЦǻõó
Լʲôط
ⲻǲ֪ڲڻûԼҪ뾡̸ǽŪһһʱǱ߳ԱģôǰҲô̸ɵģ¶棬ΪʮȷҪ¶̸ЩҲġ
У֮ǰ㻹ҡ
翡ˣ𰡣òһΣȥ¥һ٣㣡
ȴվȥҪȥԡ
翡¿һȦżû㡭Ȣˣ
⵹ûôҪȥ˳Է
翡ۣ˵ûУֵܳҸѰѹء
ٺ˵еģ㲻ʶ㿴֪ҵ˵С֪Ȼ͵͵⣬ôСؿ϶ŵ
˵СزǰСʱôú壬ôʱ϶һӾܾԾĵط
ǲСأֻ¡֪ô˵
漰̫࣬ͺá
翡һеĲȤˣΪƼãɴһ֣ϽȥţϾʮ
»ص·֮ǰģͻСԺȥʱѾʰ׵ӭ߹ˣ
ԡչƣϵЦĪ飬ӣԣˣСذҸ˵¶ϡҿܲԷˣҸ㶨˾¥ʳϻҲ㡣
ôԽ˵Խء
лҪ˵ԪѼо


69 
Ƶû, ݸݸ֪Щڲϰκ˿æ񣺡ǲǺȥҪͷȥ, 鷿鼴ɡҪҪ׼ҹ
ĪɿȻȴֻӲͷƤӦˣԶ, ɲǺ, ˵Ǻò״Żȥɵʵ¡ҹͲˣһ˳
, Ȼ˻, ʹӸ
, ɴ໻װ磬ȥ⼸µĲҵת˼Ȧ, ⼸µ˶ջطռ, ôһƻ, ɫҪˡ
ȥ䱦翡͵, , Ͻ֣ˣߣһһѾ֪ܼͨңаʱ, ܸϵ
翡ݸʱɫѾ͸
ͣ˺üѻװεĸ⻪ƻͨʱήҵԼ軶Цһңվڼװϣ翡ŵĵ״Ͻѻι
翡ϻʱ翡ʴ򣺡𣿡
ûҲˡ翡ߵˣүҵĸ輧輧Ҳˣͷ
翡̽ͷһƣȻݺݺһѣؾվû˵Ҳûǹء
ͷƤһ飺㻹輧輧
翡һ򣺡Ȼôģ˵ǲڣǸܼҲá
γǸС˵Ǹ˰ģҪŪһȥô죿Ҳܣ±Щ˿ҡ
ǡŮӲðɣ翡ԱǱ̾Ӱ죬ҲŵÿЦزɡ
һۣСμԵģȥż˵壬㶮ʲôûˣҿɲٻ󡣡˵СǰһֱֵַģһСΪԼݸѧһӰ쿼Կô죿
翡ݸôΣ϶Ҳ˽⣬ɴۣǰɣһиŹüһصùԺֱܲӹȥ
ڣҪˡһҪܵӰ졭һʧ갡
翡ɴۣٶٰ׻ѩ
ţģȣŮͰźȲͺá翡ûϹѧãֻʶ֣ǺԼֵϴѧģԶ˹;úܡ
οʿũ̡
ȨƵҪԣǾ̵ٴ󣬿ɳҪûˣȻµˣּͬиŹ
ģֻҪϲմˮ֬㣬Сؿ϶Ų
ܼ٣ҲպõԼʱ翡԰ܼӭʱͿʼΣԼ.һƬƱյ䣬ǻЦ
ܼǸʮˣ߸һλŮƣҲǵһμλڱԼܱ߼ݸǵ䱦ϰ壬һ۵׷ž⣺ϰĪǲǴ󳣵񣿡
ЦЦȻǣĸѪͳ˷ɫʵû𡣡ȻһǻŹ֣ƫƫ˵һܼҲţȴƫƫѹ̽
ʱͲλϰ壬õǼٵģѹ鲻ƾճһ㡣
ܼҺҼȥǴɽׯ鲻ģһȴ˳ˡ
ܼЦûټ⣬ߵŮӣȥҾϰһƣλݸ䱦Ļӡ
ȻŮ۾ʱð⣬գ.ĵ˫ۣҪŤ֫翡һۡ
翡ڣֲܺȾƣһȾƻӣСëƽʱξƲմ
ܼҲ֪ûţˣܿЦŽӹŮιľˮǼȻҲϰǿף˵˵ĿģϰѾ֪
ף֪塭迴׹ӵҪ̸һ첻Ҳͽա
ܼңϰģļֻ䱦һܰ쵽Ҳǧ˰С
⣬£˵ðвеġΪɽׯ¶棬ֱӳƺԷܼҵӣҲ⵽׻᲻ᱻ֪
ܼ⣬ֻҪӣֻҪܰ쵽Ȼûвӵĵ
ܼҾϲʹˣڰ֣ôǰ
˰ѱŵһͲСݹȥ翡ӹ
翡뽹ȥ󣬵ȴӻͲóĻ򿪣ȿ滭ŵĶۣ翡üе쿴˽һۣôοڣô죿᲻⣿
Żϵצûʲôצצµƣһƶɵ״̬
ǹŪצʵ۵ҲôţֻֻǼŪģҲҵ⣬Ͼֻͨһ£ֻҪҸո߳ĵ̴ʦܡ
翡԰񣬰ѻϣͲóȥȥ
󣬲ſܼңҿߵҪǣ
ܼЦЦûҪ󣬾ʯԭҲṩֻҪ󡣡
һڲˮŶ˵˵
ܼңÿһƬƬɹ䱦еˮʯʯΪһ塣
翡ɫһ䣺ôܰõü룬һӣôЩﶼȥѹܼңҲ֪ǺƬûǰҲƬοôΪһ壿쿪
ܼңҲ˵ֻй䱦ܰ쵽ǳ䱦ӿˣˮҴʦ̳ܵƬΪһ壬ǾҪϰ취ʮƽϾֻ˵˵ѡ
翡̲סٴγǰֹ԰꣬żܼңĿĻбİɣ
ܼҿŽĿð⣺ϰȻᷲˣׯЩŹׯӼɹʣɸŮôãҪؾۣôҪһҲǰһֻܱĲá˵ѰЩǮ⡣
Ҫһ˵
ܼҵȻһҲӵĻҪܴﵽһ㣬ʮƽҲ˫ַϡҹ﷢⣬ԭһҹ飬ѯʹܹܶɽ޷
üȥܼ취ܷ⣿ҹ黹ûܰ쵽
ܼ⣺Ȼģϰܰ쵽һѾʮƽҲ취Ըٸƽ𡣡
ƴֵģûôƴֵġ
ĵ׵СѾžȴɫüͷװΪѣܼӦףҪʵǿѡ
ܼϸ̽ɫԷûеһʱܾǶԷа취ֻǡϰҪ󣬿ᡣǮʣҲ
翡һɵۣⱲӶûôӣɡǰ첻
Ȼ̰ƣȴҲﴩɽׯˣһŪǻᱻŪġ
ޱһˮ꣬ѱյ£һܼҲ̲ס￩һ£ڣʮѾۣ߶Ǯû⡣ҪʵѣȴҲֵΪʮƴһ¡ȻҪ⣬Ҫҹ飬ԡ
ܼ⣺ҶҶϰģʯһҹʣ٣ϰģϰ御֧䡣
ֿϲɫӼȻҪŪצƬҪɫİɣ䱦ϻû˭һóôĻˮ
ɡܣǲҪǮģ
ҹ﷢⣬Ҫʲôҹ飬ʱ취͸ˮһӫۣٸҹĥɵķǶ.ȥģ˭֪õǲǣһſŰˮƬǿǽŵʥϣǲҪˡ
Ҳ˵һ⣬׬ʮƽ𣬻˳һҹ飿
бôԩͷ
ܼȻ˼ΪĵǶڴĻˮҲׯ˼
ף׮⣬ǽˣ
֣翡ŵˣԹԣֲÿҪɽׯġ
һ񣺡ԭʯҹʱܵ
ܼҲ죺ݸš
Ȼô˵ˣǹǩԼʯҹ飬ɣֻݸʱ棬;лشɽׯ£ǸŲ𡣡Ͼ˻ôţɲܡ
ܼһʱϡ
һۣ֮ǰ
ܼţ۵оϲ˻棿
ĳ˴Ӧ£ûа첻ġ
ܼһּѣ̫ˣ֪ϰʱʱǩԼ
㣺ɣʱ֪ͨ㡣
ܼȻûû뵽λϰ徹Ȼа취ˣԷҲҿºڣȻһ¾ͽ
ܼһˣҪŽ翡̸ģȽڴӻܼѾȵģŻȥڿܼұ˽ߣҪߣȴ翡סˣ֣̫ˣǿǡɽׯ겻ɣʱҵҲⲻΥԼ
ļ򣺡ĺˣĴⱾ
ɡ
ĺˣ㿪ۣҪ󣬼ֱܸס˵š
翡ȷһ飺棿
ŻȥʱٲȥСؿ϶롣
翡ôŽˣȻͷһĶͷۣʱ
ﻹжԷӰ
ױݴҴȥһҾƹҹͽߣȵſڣƲѾˣţƲָָ棬˵ʲôɽѾһҹҴԺȥˡ
Ʋ룬ҡҡͷһأҲү֪ġ
Ժſһҹһĵģ߱߶Сǲ֪жճˣҪ̸֪ģ˵ⶼôˣҸûȥˣǲߣⲻһȺһУ⼱ҴҲŸϻ㿴Ҹġ
ž˵һ̧ͷͿԶƽʱϰߵʯϵĳƣСĺˡ
ɵ۵ĽŶճˣһͣôˣ㵹˵˵̸ʲôİ̸ҹ



70 
ɵ, ôҲû뵽˾Ȼô⣬֮ǰ˵ûûţǡ¶ˣ
һͨ죬βѣ⡢ⲻ
Сӣа, ƭ˻ͷӵƣһɣűҹ˵Ľ, Сֱˡ
ͷ, ֻӲͷƤǰʵʵǸҴˡ˱ˣⲻǡͳȥϹһȦô
˲Ų
һֱһû˵ƿڣ, Ǻ, Ҳҵ, ú˵ӡ
һͻͻˣСؿ϶, 綼ˡ
ǰ, ֻǺ, ֮ǰСغġ
Ҳ֪ͲСԼ˽, ֻΪǳ, ýСۣһѧ˲ѧģʱû취
ŸСôãٶˡ˿ģ, þﵽҲûǸ̨ס
Ͻ߹ȥҹǸܴźУĵˣܴ
ǰСӶӵͣһ£ѧ鱾֪ʶֺ񲹲ټ飬ĶǴ֮
һɫ࿴һۣʳֲñȥסȥһƷ¥һһĲȡ
ӣҳΪʱ벹һ¡
Ҳûǿȳ˷ҲûĿĺС˵ˣɣ±ˣǵȥ˵գҲýͣ뿪ˡ
ư͵ԺȻȥʱǰͷںͷôú쬵ġ
ȥû뵽ⲻǸôһĿʲô
ԭΪƲû뵽ƻǿ˿ڣǷϷ˵ٳ֪뾩һǰȥҾ춼ݸϷ˵ٳ¸̾ټҽ
͵͵һۡ
ûûı顣
ıǶԺӣ߹ȾѾˣһǰֱƿŽ.ȥҪš
֪ˣֱӽһţСء
üҲ¼ȣ
Ϳһⲻ𣿡
ƴһۣɴɿֱ֣˻ϴ·ҪȥԡֻǻûǰɴŸˣֹܣ˨ϣ̸̸
·һɴһԣĵӿһ˵ŭŭȴ޴й
һǶЩһȻһȻΣûʸ
ٹһ꽹Ҫڣɼҵʱ򣬱˵ദĻǶûУһͷã÷֣һģɡ
ͷЩ治֪Ҫô˵һԸСصģɲڣҪ굽˾ǣչȭŵʱг
ԵĹͷҪô˵
ɽյȴҲҪһĽֻͣܡҪľϲһó˵ˡ
룬.֣һסƷϥϵ֣Сذ
ǽסֱ˲䣬һԾҪԼ֡
ֻȥ߬ø𰡣Ҿǰɣⲻǡϲôʱϻ㶼ô˵ˣҾ͡ĬˣҲǹ㣬⡢±ǲ֪ġ
ȴ׽ص㣺ϲʲôϲ
֪Сػץؼɣоٲ˵ģ㿴̫ˣײϺˣĲǹƭ㣬Ҫ˵ˣ
ԭǻＷѹŵĲ㷣һէȻ˺һڣʵĿӿɲ٣ֻԼ룬ϣֻѰ
һֱ½ļȴи٣ɿ뵱ϲģϴݸô͸ǸʵʱͷЩ꣬һػģź˳ģǰɣ岻ͬСо٣Ǿүˣ岻ͬ˵ƽʱҲ⣬ǡܹ鲻ԣϴξҵһʦһϺõʯ㡭һʯ㣬Ҳ֪ûѧֱֲ׸˵ʱһ㣬ú˵һȣˣ
֮ǰֿԣɶû֣ãͻȻͷƫһԡ
һ㶣Сرˣˡ´ǰ˵
ȴûתͷ
ɴ̽ͷһͿ˫۷Цѹѹȥ
㻶ϲԽģûסҲȻɿСأߵĵĲҪҪģ㵹ǺãһΪ㻹ءڸ˰ɣ˵ûסһ£ƫͷ۵׵ЦȴֹסС治֣ӦԾܾһ¡
ץס̽󣬡ҵģҲܣˡһղУѿҲҪ
˭ղãҵĿǸʦѧƤëҲóȥٰʮģ
ȴǿȥ˵ҵģ
ˣҪҰѰƷ㣿Ͼ˵õľϲҲûˡ
ҡͷȳƷҲȡȥʱȥ
û뵽ôú壬û˵ٻιôõļ٣ȥ䱦󣬻Ǵһƣֻû뵽һ˵
ô˰ˣҪѧѧ
룺ĺѣ
ʵѵҲѣϿ־ˣôҵһƷģÿԼְɣ͸оÿְɣǰɣСذСأһ渴ӣҹţҵÿ̺þá
ƣҲżꡭҲɡֻ뵽˵ֻһֵ̣͵
ͻȻԼϵ䣬֮˹˵ѹûʱʱ￩һ£ʱͷÿһֶǿģѰȴֲòź죬Ϊѡ
û뵽񡭡
ûסЦƭģôĿɲãĺˣֿɶԺҲд飬ǻֵ£
ΣȻôƭңϷʲôٳ񣿡
Ⱥȥһȥ
Ȼû
ȥʱ»ЩƮƮģ˯ǰҧ굽˾ǣһҪСؿµĽɽɽʱ϶СĿɿڴ
ûȥʱųţǰԷ
븮ȥ˳·֮ȥ䱦
翡һ첻͵䱦⣬ûȵˣҲˣȹϵϣڼһ޲ð˿غ󣬡ˣ
ǰ̧֣ʲô
Ƚ䱦棬ƹģŴӻҹռŪĶϡ
翡һҹҲ벻ôˮɵƬʯŪһ𣬸οҪҹ﷢⣬ֱ췽ҹ̷
°첻ʱ򲻽⣬ǵﴩɽׯҪ¡
ȽĳȲȥ
ֻǵȿ£⡢ⲻˮôˮ̵Ļͦ£ǺüˮųһȦ
һۣɵˣܹɽһſճġ
ճܣ֪ͶƤǰƳɵģǾ޷ﵽôϸʱܼ˵ҪˮƬʯϵһҲֱǹ⻬ĶЩҪͿһ㣬ﲻǧƬƬôȥϾеƬ϶ϸС¡
ʮźСˮʯųһҲĺСһ飬֮䵽ôһģûκζｺĺۼοЩôôʵ͸ġ
翡˫۷ų⣺⡢⵽ôģ
ȻҲֻõĳֻⶫֻ֪ʱǶʱҲҪҵ֮ˣеܹɽһ׮ˣպ󡭡ɲֻһ׮
翡һ㶡
սˣ밡͸ʵۣҪڻǰ¶ģⶫһԻĴãʱ򣬾ǿطȱľǴٹˣʱ򡭡ԴԴϵĵǣһݡ
һݴ壬翡һ˲ûסı


71 
翡ģ, ̲סЦЦ㶮һ˼һȥһ˾ǣʱŸպܸϻʵ۵ٳʱھվȾ, ֮󡭡㶮ˣ
翡һ뵽պǳ棺֣Ҿ֪ûˣ
Ȼ, ǰ, ɽׯҪ˳ƺģϾôЩۼôһѧҵո¶ͷǣԹտʼĵһ, ƺġ
翡ףȻ
ҲûԼܼǩԼ, Ҹôд, ҪŪˣʯҹ鶼鲻Ҫκ⡣Ǹ̴ʦ, ȫ̸, Ҫ
, 翡һһš
ⶼʱ϶ǣɽׯ׮ǳ, 㹻ھ̶ӡ
翡Ѫ, Ž۾ַģұ֤κβܼҪǸҹ﷢⣬ܰ쵽
, Ҳܡӻͳһӹȥ
翡̽ͷһٱȶ֮ǰǸһģһ⡭𣿡
ⲻһˮ
ôѶ·ԼԴ̽.ȥ
翡뽹ĿϣһԴ˵ʲôżСˮʯ֡ңܷɣ
찡ֵǺηʥ
Ǿ췽ҹ̷£ɵǳ˶Ϸ
һգһնȻȫˣ
翡ϽСˮʯһ·͸⣬ɴԴͷ̽.ȥƾͽǡ
ںˮһĻûǺ㹻˰֪ĻΪʲôá
ǡ̫ˡ翡㱴
̶ֱܲס̧ͷ˻±״̬
ˣ߻£ǵãʯùȥԿŵʦҹһӣҡ
׵һҹƽ
ԺҪǶԩͷֱɽɽڳ֡
翡ڴл񣬿ҪߣϽסȵȣ֣⡭㵽ô쵽ģҲ̫аˡ
ɽƣСӣԺúø֣ҳٲ
翡ˣͲСڣĹ֣ϣԺҾʵɿСӡ
ֵЦ»ȥٸһϽźݻȥƳ
磬ȥͬƹǩԼʯҹ顣
ҹˣȵһҹӽռ䣬׼׵֮󣬲»صСԺͬһš
ãϴŻһ˫ЦԾɨȥŮƵƵ
ưһ۵ףƬƫͷһ˲δע⵽֪ʲô²ġ
ɿȴֲ뽹עϣʲô
һ뵽յĶȻȫһºʮƽ𣬶ڿռҲһɽ
ҪǺŽռĲȡֱ֮ӰѴɽׯҲѹˡ
Ȼ£һڣע⵽ƫͷô
ָָǣһֱЦȥһˣ£
أǺ¡
üʲô£
սȵĺĲϣѹõ͵͵ģ£׬һǮܲǴ£¸ϷѡʱҲпϵģҲѡһ㡣
˳㣿۵ҲЦ⡣
ƽʱЦһЦĵ׸̹ɴĲӣȻǣСҪǲͷףտ쿪ʤ
۵׵аҿѡˡ
֣ѡѡɡǵ°ƷҲ򣬲⻰ɲ˵
ҴȥƷһ翡Ȼ翡ϲⲻڡ
˵ֻǸϷѡԸɴȥ˴һȵƷĶȻƷ󣬶ӱȫɺöҲеġ
ǵƷʱģͨƹǰλӣҪѡʲô
ڰ֣ơ
ƹĺҲûټţֻǲԶظţһҪǰ
λϴ۲ˣǷǸ
һ˹ע⣬Ƥֻ͵͵š
ϰĿ⣬û⣬һȦûѡģ档
ֳλ
ƹ۾ˣ֪Լ۹ⲻ
վһǰ
̵ǰף٣ڼȴ̵ΩΩФַǷ˼ôϲľǶӶ٣ȡҲá
ƣô
ƣǾ
ˣһ͵ġ
ȻûֻҪְܸһʱ⡣
ſƹģҸµĺӷ
ƹĶʱЦǣ͸λү漴Զ˴к̿ʼС̧
ǴƼĴ
ǵøոҲѡһĻȥεĶԭΪƷҲѡõģǵʱȥĵطѡѡƾһʱͻȻһ㶡
Ҳȥ
塣һģһǹ壬Ȼһȴɫͬ
ȴ˵ͬͨ͸ˮͷãǿǺŰɫ״ƣɫΪۡ
ұǿȴͨк˿.䡣
ȻΪЩ㲻ĳƷΪһžǰһ
ֻǾڽ̽ȥһöʱҲҪȥһö
ֻȴơ
ƿöʱһ㶣ѵһʱʧ񣬻عʱͷһóһǺ֡
ʱ岢û˿ԷһҲһȻǿҪȥòų֡
˿ƳͻȻЦˣҲô˻ȥüͷӯӯһЦ磬ɰ
ޱǰŮδӦֻü۵׶䵭İ
Ůɫ죬Դί磬㲻ʶ˰
ڷ壬ΪмƵŲδŮͷȥƼˣҲ죬ü㰡
˺˿ٿ˿ŮϢ䣬ҲŮ˭ˡ
ǰݸһˣڷԷһΡ
֮ǰԷǣԷúÿɫ䡣
ŮҪȥϷ˺ٵķҹҲһη֪ĵŮ顣
һСһֱƿͶˣϾ֮ǰСһμСصʱ򻹿źҪ޸Сء
鳯ӡ
ࣺһ磬һӣƺԴ
ԷҲ죬ϴҲǶСأɫҲģҲ
ЦЦǰӡ
Ťͷ͵ƣȻ䲻ȵģȻλﲻðʼ磬ֱӺƹģҲ
ƹľվһԣЦۣǣС˰
ֻǻûȺ˹ҧŴƲϣոնԷһֱƣȻǻϲģ͸ǲǡ
룬ͻȻԽӡ
ôС·ɫһģ£
ҧҧܲܡ塭øң
һ㶣ڷ͵͵ƳƵӹüͷһš漴䣬ЦЦ֮ڷڴĿ⣬³֣ܣ


72 
ԭڴ, ôǷǧҲ˿ڣҪҲֻ֣, ֲǲǮ, ԷȻܾˡ
һʱǺһƬ
, ߷Ȼѡ
˻ڸǰֳиǵϮ˵˷Ӧ
վŸŮ˫, Լҹģ, ҲˣλӺ, Ҽҹﲻãֲα㲻֮С
Ҳ, øһСѾͷһʶ, ڣβҹΪζã
￴, ˼Ҳס
޷ǿƻϲ壬Լóº͸, ν֮, Ͷá
ǰǣҪСԸ⡣
ɫȻСûġ
ʹˣʹøСҲҪ, ֻ黶ϲ塣
һǷֻǼСһСػϲĶȻ
ЦСػϲĶ˵￪ڣվ⿪ڣҲá
ƹıͿǹֱӿһۣ
ƹĸϽ˹
Ǻ˫˵ʲôӦķϽס˵ˣ
ɹ
鵽ƤԲסǺ顭ͻˡ
ʵû뵽СȻҲͷһû⣬˶ˣ¸ֻܴҴ߬뿪
ҲûĹȥߣԶȥ
ƿһۣҲûΪξܾ飬ȴ·ܺãףģýСʱСؾ͹ԹԸ˵ģá
ԸɴֱӸƱ󣬴װö̴ľӣҪĸ
ƶ˼һһ
ƵǸġ
óֱӾͻ·׹ŵǿ壬մһɫҲ䡣
ƾôվʹΪͷϵպܿڡ
·ǰһ¾ԷĶͷ
ȻվûֻǺˣԼͻصĺԼű¶˿ΪĿͷ
ܿϵã˺üչÿ
ȻСۺʱÿġ
˳ְһöϡ
ƹһЦпޣλôһң߳ȥֵܣöһÿʣε֡
бһֵۣܣţ鼫á
ƹһĶˣϽף˵Ϲˣüһģӿ̳ģǹֳøһЩǾ˫ӡ
ϲ˵Сֵܡ
·ôһ˵ǵĹϵ׽һ㡣
ϲ̵üۻûչһ䣬ʱƹһۡ
ƹһ㶣ӣ˵ʲôôողͦˣ
һƳƣȻǿѹǵЦһ£ù͸Ϸ˵ĽУƻһûۣϳЦˣظ硪ЦûСﻶϲˡ
ֻչ͸һõ̹
һߣ鶪ˣȥͶڷһ
ǷϷ˵ٳүھϲĸֻܾľ
æòɿʱ˵Ϳʼޡ
ѯԵɣһʼ黹˵̲ס˿ڡ
ǰԷǴֻǾλ糤ÿÿʱΪСĹҲܳ裬֪ƽʱ߾Ϳź˵Ҫ޸
ʱֻϷԡ
һȥֶԷò·ԺҲû㿡εĹӡ
Ǻö˵ѧҵεĺãպ󲻿ɹ
ǰʱ͵͵ڷһΣǰÿ
βڶΪԷҲǸ˵ģɡ˭֪һˮ
üͷ壺˼֪ˣֻǣŻﲻܴӦǣȴʶ̫٣ĸٳǾҪǰǣ˾ǣſǣʡ
ǰἰ£ơ
ȴԸ⡣
Ȼ֮ǰԺ԰εͷΣһСطģҲǣʹĵ˾ˣǸ¶˭˵ǼҼҲɣȴǸ̼֮ҡ
ȵ˾ǣ̫ĵŮ˵Ҳпɡ
Ȧʱͺˣ
Ǹģģ֪˵ʲôҲ.ȥ˲ﲻ㣬Ǿ˶ǣˣЪ˼㻹ᣬ»ż꣬ǽо٣궨μӻԣǵʱĸУ㱣ýΣ
ۣ˵ģ
ЦЦȻġ
ȵ˾ǣ˸õˣ۽ˣȻҲͶһСš
֪˵˼ڶٱû˶ٷʹƻȥ顣
죬ҲûȥվͶ顣
ȵʱʳרѡ²ʳڵ˳졣
ǳҪһ
ƵǺܵǽ˯ţȥһСػ᲻ģҪôο
ƾסڣϸ΢Ķ̲ס䡣
Ӽȴˡ
ϽȥţͷǱͷƣеţҽ˯𣿡
۾һаֵþûһ˯ˣ¸ˣСҪĵİ
Ҳûࡣ
ߣǲǵյĿԣ°ǹսɶͻᣬҲʮǺľү
ҲӦš
ʼʾ֭߶߶˵ţԼ֪ʱ˯ˡ
̧ϨŽߵˣۣҲܿ˯¡
ˬȥ˹ԺŹϣŻȥ
ҪһգҲûСԺȥ˳·ò󣬾ȥ˳һԺӣ翡רʦĵط
ȥһʯҲʼ̡
Ҫšʮʮ壬Ϸھ£а£㹻һ
ȥԺȥ̡
ôȵʮڿһӵƣֱȥ˾¥һ˭Ҳû룬һ٣ϯúôǿԽһˮ
ǲУڣͦģСˣСصô
ȻУȴӾ¥͸о·еƮ
Ʋߡ
ʱѾֵҲûˣ鼫ãڡڵȵˣСԺǳɴµġ翴㣡ر𿴺㣡
ưļԼļϣһֻߣӦš
ƾ߶ģѾ˵ˣȥǣҾͰŪȥʱֵ˫赡
ƾһȵģֻҪܸһ⡣
ܿУҸһܺòãǰ֮ͷһδ֮󣬻ûϳ.һ֦ʼ̽
ܣƫͷС㻹صʲôܣ˵
ƣȻ˵Ժ󡭡
ھ˵
ȴĺţȴζڡ
һ·ԺӾѾ˯ˡ
Ʊط·һ£ϱӣ˯ĺãϨš
վ·ﻹŸոձȥȶȣֻǾʱͻȻһһȥ˭ǣ
˲䣬һߴӰԺǽǵİ˳Ǹ࿡ӣüۼžм죬ֻǶԷü۵״ųѹֵֻڿʱ۵¶Щ飬ỽܡ
ľ費㵽˭ܣǵԼиν硣


73 
ӿʮ߰, ƾ飬ŭЦֻǴЩѹ֣ôһЦ, üʢںڰ, һ, һɱѪȸС
ȻƽʱҲ䣬˾վˣģ, ֪Ϊ, ܾܲ, ŵĪɬ
Ӳδǰ¾, ڣҵȷ, ĸӦͬἰ, λ֣λµĺӡ
һ, Ȼûἰλδ, µʱܶ˶֪ȥֺ˸ģȻû𣿡
֪ţǰһ䣬¶ŵľװ, 𿪰ŵӣ¶ֱۡ
ƷԿȥһ΢£Ϊֱϱ鲼ǰֳ̺ۣ¶ĵ˼ˣһֱߣ棬ָһǲţԿӦʶ
˳ָȥȿʲôһ
ӿӦЦЦɿﲻ˵ĵطҴȥһˣҲš°͵˵㣬󷽿ۣȻָ
ƴۣ֪ʲôã̧ۣҸߡȫŶԷֻǴӶԷ֣͸оԷϢ书֮ϣܶ࣬ʱûֺ
ǶԷɱǣýв׾١
ȷԷûͬ
ȻĳɣģҴȥˣԲ˺Сֵܡ
û˵Ҳû˵ţɶԷֱϵĶȷ졣
Ƹһ·ӣȥһƫƧԷӣܿһˣȻķãǵſڣӵǾ裬˰ţŲδţֱӴṦӽԺӣһֱ˺Ժ
һţȴδƣǿң¡
ȫޱ飬ֻǿܵʱһü·һ·ߣ֪˶ãѾ˳ǣܵȥܵٴοչƷֵ̧һ¡
Ӧ֮󣬷һ鷿⿴һƬﻹһˣվţתƣ´һͻȻЦЦ
۽ϸƣ͹Ѿʮ˺룬ֻǴʱòһĹ١
ֻǲ֪ǲǴܾ˵üۣе졣
˵һʼʱҲе죬ṳ̧̈˽.ȥ
һˡ
ֳЦЦǰظ
֪ôƺ
Ц£ݣݸ֪ͬƽȻһһ֣
ƱģӾȻݸ֪ͬǲǺ˵֣͵̧֣ſ㡢㡭ӺЦ˫ۣ֪Ϊüе죬áе
˵ˣˡ
ѵһʼ˵ģԼı֣
ԣ˵ľ˾ʮǰˣ
̾Ϣһ˵˵ʲôҲţӣѶøɡ
ӴӻóһеɵţֻǱűĺܺãźǸɾ࣬رܣưɡ
СóȿּȻģʱȻС̵ֶģΪⲢдԱҪģºѣʶ
ظ㿴ŵʱѾˡʱдΪ档ŵʱӦǱģΨһˡ
һ㿴ȥԽ޷һ˫ԽԽ졣
Ҳ̲סۣɵ׹ô꣬ЩôޣٴοһĻǺ޵ɱЩ׼ҵˡ
ƿ곹ʱ򣬰óһö壬ⶫӦӡܼµʱø㿴Ͱˡ
̧ͷŵݵǰ壬Ѿô꣬·ˣɴ˿壬ļ¸ǰ
ʱȷùס˵Ժˣܰǵˡ
ʱС֪ΪҪ˰
ǡ
Ϊ˲ǵݣԼװ֮󣬹ĸʱס֮ˣûκ֤ݵĶҲǹĸͻȻ⣬ᱻ˷֡
ֱϺֱϣһ֣һסǰ׼ˡܣȻͻȻЩܺɵǰ׼ұݺŲ㱻𣬺ĸһѻԼǹʵ۴ˣֻ˰׼ˣȴҵ䣬ɱˡҵһˣɱʹ࡭;ɲðҺ͹ĸȳΪ±֣ЩǱҪǴδϵĸ
Թĸ⡭ǶԲ㡣ʱҵҲ˾ûסûˣʱҺԼɲ͵͵Źײһ̣ʱĸҲ͵͵һ̣û뵽
Сô꣬˳ɱȴû뵽ȻΪӵǸٷʧ
ǵõϢʱѾΪ˲۽ң岢δϵңû뵽뽹СֵܺͽĸһҲû֣ԸǹѰӡⱲӶû£׼ҵĳɡǳˡ뽹һۣ϶ء
Щ̧ͷʱѾָƽһ˫ۻЩ죺ʲô£
ȻЩ겻ҳֲϵͻȻ֣ǡݱ¶ˡ
ӿģ֪Ʋ³ˣǰǵõϢһ˳ڸ˽רѰʮ߰ꡣǻǵ꽫ĸӹ͵͵²֪Ϊα֪
׼ҵձȨ˳ǰ׼ҾǱݺȻҲٲ˹ʵ۾ð׼ƴ󣬾Լĵλܵв
ƣң
ӣǣֻ͵͵ңʵӦû֪ҹ͵͵ҵĸһ
ƳĬöδڡ
߹ȥļ򣺡رܣ֮Ը㣬о٣ǰǣǺ׼Կ̫ڣĸʱ˼֣Ҳ֪ĸŻã֪Ĵڣǡ
ʱֻûģﲻ붯
ûȶ٣ȻǾˬķ䣬ӦƸŪġ
˸ţȥϴƵķ仹ţ֣СӲǻûɣ
ƿŷûˣǾ鷿
ȻȥǰԺûطдȭ磬߹ȥպþͿͻȻһȭǰԺ鷿ǰһò
ʱΪҶܵ޴ĳ䣬˱һͷһȭͷֱǶɣһȭͷӡ
ǰɣСغʱôˣ


74 
ֻһ, ŲӾ߹ȥιСأˣֲҪǲǣ
ô, ҲԼˣ
ûط˯һֱȭ, Ժһֱ֪, ôҲû뵽Ȼǻʵۣȴ˾һ, ôҡ
Сʱ˶ڳЦﳤó, Ц, ΪⶼСʱڻﲻСɵģһֱΪʶͽģ, Ӳĸ, , ÿŮӡ
ֱ֪, , һжΪǸνˣΪĲκ˾˾һңô
еŭڻ㱻֮󶼻ŭϧҲǵضĺ, Ǹˣﲻôң˾˲ҲΪ˾˵ȥлϡ
׼ôеЩˣ
һȭҹȥʱƷ·ûоֱۣһõ˺һӣȻƫִҪصķŭȫϨȥǰʱһƬȥǷӦ
ɵȳסզɵֻֿһЩϸС˿ڳ˺һЩ֮ⲢûѪɿֻһ̧۵ȿƵģסˣСأ㡭ôˣ
δģ˫ɺ죬Ǳ˶ɢһǰܵϢ
ۺʱһ࿡ݵ
ƶȻ˻λʹͷɤҡͷŵˣû£ҹ˸جΣһû˯ţе㲻̫ԡ
˵ɿ̫С±ɳøʱʱŻˣոģ֪Ϊξİظ
鷿ߣ鷿ﱸҩǴﱳŵģΪƽʱҲеΣգƽʱŶᱻһЩҩ߱ģȥˮֱϵϸСľм
ƽʱ϶Ҫһ٣úõôܣԼȥ
ȴ˵ػἰجεʱΨһ뵽ľǵʱʱˣСظտ֮ǰѹ󣬾ˡ
Ȱãŷſ֣վڵƵͷʲôجˣ
۵ѾָոմŽǰİֱģԭиӵɾ
ֻǰ˵ĻĿȴ̲סӿ˿˿ۣ
֮ԸΪҷĴڣ㲻ȥǣʹҪȥҲҪñȥЩ꣬Ϊ˷ֹ⣬ʮǰǾ׼һٵݣģһƵ˴úÿһ¡뾩;УҪ̶һݽӽۡʣµһ밢ƺ
ֻ²ֻ֪˲һЩҲΪ˷ֹպҵڻǣĸӡ׾˾ˣЩûûһ棬һһһй¶١
ģպ˳ЩˣİǽӹʧܣǾΪˣǺúüȥԭҲǣ˭֪ϡ
һʼҲ׼ҲûôãѾȥʮ꣬꽫Ūʱ򲢷֪
ֻ񡭡ǰй¶ѡ
һֱǴͷģʱ̧ۣȴֻǿЦһ漴ۣ±۵׵.ֱۣ§סͷţεˡ
֪ˣ.Ƶļţ˵ʲôǲ֪оǰϲ㣿
ҡҡͷͷܸˣȴֺѹҪǰͿﱻһɣҾˡ
ǵóСʱ򱻻ٹݣˣ˼䣬ɴתƻ⣺˵Сôôˣ廹רŽˣ
Ƶеƣѧÿ죬һڹҶѧһЩ
аԺҾ͸ˣҪǲҲȥ״ԪˣһͷƱͷŪøңвУģҪú֪ңߣϽȥϴ
ΪĲƴڻƺܿӡجΡлָɿ
ϽجΣɴ౧Լͷ˯
һֱȽĺƽȲۣ˽˯һԭǴȾ·ʱĵײŵǸܣһԣţҲء
񣬰ǰȴֻ·һͰţһҷĴڣǲֹн̣壬һܲˡ
һڳ֮ǰֵ𣬶Ǹڵĵףͬģȴܻȫ
ƹȰٴʱŰٴȥ˽
ͬǵľֻǡٸദһʱա
ǰļ򣺡Ҳôģ;УΪ·;ңԶʱȽϲ׷֣֮ǻ㰲źáֻǼȻˣ⼸Ǿȥţڱ߾ĺܣ֮Ҫټ棬£ǻǰ֪ͨ㡣
ޱ
̾Ϣһ֪ظһôи飬÷ֻֿȨ֮ƣ⼸¡úǰɡ
û˵֪֮ʵҪ߽ͬģʶô꣬˽Է֪֪Ҫȥǻһɽ𺣡
Ҫߵһ·ܱ𻹺ãʧܣǧ¶ġ
ǽ˵һ·̫ߣѪԼͺãҲǣʹ֪ŻˣʧһΣַʽģǺֻʹ࣬ԡԸΪѾˡ
ٻȥʱûѣΪƻجΣ⼸춼˯ġ
ȥʱʱǽ˯ʱ
ȻӦ˽ɴ˿˯úˣһĳģһֱ׹ǻ׹ޱߵԨ
ڴ齱ãŶԷƽȵĺָûסԷ࣬ȴǱһ㣬ջȥ
סϸţȷԷʱɿ
̽ӴһЩ̫֪Էϰߣ;ԲѣûסֹȥֻһΣָֻյָ࣬΢Ĺ⣬ӰӣοԼĵĸ顣
ܸ֪ģ֮ڿڵģպ󡭡Ҳûлᡣ
߶ڶԷϣʹԼǷˣ⼸նȻ֪ʹ뼴ĿƣеһԼûԽԽĵ˽ǰ׻ˡ
ƣڽһ£ѵˮ
ʹĺҲͣˣֱ̾Ǿ㣬Լ˺üֱδѣżǵúֻؿھҵ¿ᾪѽֿ˼ۣ̲סתĿ첽뿪
ֻڷŹϵ˲䣬ԭ۵ˣȻۡ


75 
Źϵһ˲էȻ, ̫𾪣һʼѵģ˯ֻñʲôһ£ɵ׹ʱһʼûʶʲô, ȶԷǰͣãͻȻһ˲䡣
ԷϢģ·, ǺľԼⱲֹܼװȥ
쵣ƻج, û˯ó¶컹ûԺ
Աһ, û, ͳ, ȥͷתһȦҲûƣŹŻһ, Сػ᲻¶˵һƾ֪Ķȥˡ
ϵĲ˯ܳȥ, СС˰
ô̫ˡ
òãȻ, ־òܣҡҡͷ, ҲҲֵܼ統һ, ˵ûױĵطǲǣ
ô⻰ԼŰ˭ֵܼһʶʱ򡭡
ץԴʹһͷɡ⵽ô£ҲûǵСⷽ򰡣
ѵ
ͻȻһ£䴾ذܴ˵ʱ, ʱΪǸɱ֣˺üĶ䣬ʱΪ⣬СأѵΪǸǣ·
һſڴϵ˵ȶⲻʶСظ˰ɣ⡢ôɴˣҪ֪ܴȶ
ſԴ泯ϰµģڰǰ·
һװ֪ϾСҲֻǾö棬ֻ̽һǲԼ˲һһ£ԼʵѹûǸ˼ҲԼ뿪أ
ڶֱȥʣǡȻأҪС˼û˵ҲǼɻʲôҪȥ̹ףʱƹˤıˣô죿
ʱֻ衣
հԼԴѡһһСؾǺأ¼ֵ֪ܵܣҪ̯˵Ժ̧ͷͷ̫ˡ
ҪΪƲģԼ̫ˡ
ԼԼϴԣûôСӴ߾һֱСﻹÿ֮ǰһǣʱָһСֻҪװɵʱ乻һС϶ܽһת
첻ˣ֮ǰһֱû˯ţԼôſţ˵ģǰԼ˯ˡ
ſŵƣԴһһֱ˯ɽֱͣţȻѣţʲôʱˣ
ͷû˯ѵһ̲ס䣬Ҳ᲻٣ˣˣҪ𣿡
ôôˡӻеңϽ߶߶ģֻ߶һ㣬ͻȻԼ˯ǰ£֪ǲ˯һһھǿݼʱˣ
ܿ컻һ·Ұͷһקʹ߳ȥ߱ߴǷϷʱİҲң˵һԵĶߴȥϴͷβݼȻֻգǷ⣬ͷβ˵ûҿƣ¶
ƴ֮ǰһºڶ㣬¼˽֪˼ڶȥǰԺ鷿Ǻòȷʱȷ˯ŵġ
Ƴ׷ģߣ֪һģ鲻ҿΣĶû˵
һ·ϵƸƽʱûκķӦҲȵ˶߿ţƻҪƣüϴҲҪ
һʱûע⣬ЦҲ̲סü۵ºҸ׼໹ţȥǰԺ¹ȺһЩȥͷš
Ӧʹ̤.ȥ˸ֱͷĽŲԶȥһˮϮŴ˸£ôⶼʲô¶
ǰûԽСظ˵ʱ򣬺ϸģСϱ
Ƿ᣺ôҲû뵽ⱲеĵһһԼֵܡ
һʼҲû˵ģֻǵȻһת͵Ϳһʼ˵֪æü׮ӶͷȻʱϵĺá
ܹһ仰㿴ŰЩʱգǸϻȥҪٸϻҲ׵ҪɴЩʱգ¾Űæô
οһۣˣò׷ż٣ЪЪСغúݸתתš
ˣѽ㿴ȥ참ҲҪ漸غʹߣоʹŰظһ𰡣ظѧʺãԺ϶ҲҪٵģǰһҲǺõ
죡
õҲֿո侲һҲСҲͨˣȻһ
Ҳ֪ǵȷѴæҲûƳ٣аɣû⣬Сأȥ
ȻûҲû⣬ȥĶҲȥĶ
һԵֽ£ǰûãһ֪Сص˼ôÿС˵ܾáǱ̨ǶԷ˵黰
ͻȻֿôô죿
һۣȻ찡ˣѡʱɻǰȵʱʱ֣ͷǴ̫Ȳȣ˵Ȳȣ
֮ǰע˵ͷôһᣬȷͦȵġ
ѵ뽹ƳԷգ˾ʽź˿ʼ֪İӣһæʱƵ¡
ֱĩæһ׮ӣ֪ǷŰӣҲȥţպô㽻
ʱӦܼҾ֮ǰǰһգӦȥһˣ˳֮ǰֿ̺õ
ڶĺ磬ƱĻ磬ôɻ󣺡Ҫȥ
ףԣͲţϻ֪ҪǻԼһ㣬ҹҴ㡣
ƣһȥɡ
ţͿһȷҪȥҿҪȥҴʦû֮ǰĶ˳ҪлңʱҪǼУɾû˰
û뵽£ڸȥԼõ֮ɣҪҲٸң
ȴֻЦЦǴʦҲǸƢŹֵġ
Ǳ̨ʾǲϲİˡ
ƵûȥýɿȥƷȻϣͷһݡ
ܼۼʱ佻ʱܶ˺ڲӣеһţʱڰķֻӫ⣬·һ̾ͻںҹڿնɣܼҼȥȴˡ
֪⣬˰Ѳ¾ȥˣǰܼңɻ⣿
ܼвģֱ̫ˣ˵˼̾ϢһεҶˣ´ǻкϰ塣
ǽˣ
ܼûܿʣµǮƱġ
óӦ÷ָ翡֮óһԼܼǩѽ
ܼ֪;鷳Ҳû⣬δ˾ܰȻͻȥ
һи㶨ܼҪ뽹ȥȾƣӦɺվҪŰƶһž;ÿģǾܾˣ翡úܼҡ
ȽžԼʳȥʱƻ鷿֪ڻʲôȫעģֱվڴžȻعס̧ۿȥü۵׶Ц⣺ˣ
߲ɫջأ̧̧źУ˺óԵģߣȾȥ
תֻǵתʱ۵ײȻ֮ǰһֱԼԼϴԹҲˣɸոȻֻǴһƳԷһӡ
ò£뵽ǻﻭ˭ˡ


76 
ûס, һһֱ˯ʱ͵ؾѹ˿Լķ䣬źȥԼһ˯ˡ
Դ, ˼ͻȻһ£ǷŰӰ
Ȼ˯ˣ
۾ܣȴ, Ϳǰͷʯһ, һ٣ѵҼǴˣǷŰӣ
Ѿ߹ҼϵĳСó, ǷŰ, , ˣֱӱ, ʱֻ׼ЩϲǮɡ
Ѹϵ, Ѿʼˣôôһ, ɵõ갡
Ƶݹȥڵһ٣Լа, ζȻо, ֻθߵͶѣЩڼ֮ʵҲ˾ˮ£Լʹ, պҲòãŪݣҲǸоٵģֻֻ΢һЩΪ˵겻ôֱۣʱո¶ͷǡ
аգĺˣӦҵˡ뵽̵ֿҲʱΨһܴصĶպܰȻᡭᡭ
ƺ·һһеļѿ֪
׼ôﱾеĿѣЩҪԼǸϵһһ
϶ûⰡǡǲѾʼŰˣôûϲżһ̿ɵ˺öˣҴȥϴѾŵŶ˳
˼ԣô
£ôһż
һۣǻʵ۲̫༱
һã治üôһȥϲǴһϣԽǳһЩԽߣˣ
ҲǣһֱţԽԽûţûסȥƣûߵԺĵ촫Ʋǳ¶ϲɫ˫ֱȻʲôɫžϲ
һ㶣۵׹ʢˣ
Ʋס
ķһƵļûסʹһСӣֻǵƹԹͷŲ֮Ķ̫ǣǰʱûãϾֵܼһϴҲֻѰ£˭֪Сػᱧ˼
ûֱӰջ±Ƹֺܿһѣµķ˿ģǸƵӲһûסһЦϽͱõǮóһӣߣ
ߵſڣȻͷһϲˣƣһǽõһԣǲš
ϲЦϲԪүͷժùһϲϲ
һ㶣ͷԪ
ԲۡСô
ӲŲŤͷգգۣգգۣҲһԴզôûסƵĶһ£۲ۣ
ģ̲סҲЦˣۡ
ҪһԼģθƭģۡ
ϣǾˣ񣬸Ͻ࣬ϲˣϽѼǮӸóһһ
ϲüЦӹʱģֻ󷽣ûҪǮ˵
ϲĵһûŹȫǮ
סĵطɼʹˣʱͷ⼷˲ˣȻǸյõϢ֮̽׷׸ġ
ãֱӴŻӭƲȥ˾ͭ壬Ȣ׻֣ԪǽԪʱƼģûסҡͷôоٵһ
һҼСоǲһãһƣһĹ٣ҲʶԼϡ
Ϊо٣ǽԪһգСԺȲѣ¥ʹͣһֱԵҹŵԻصСԺ
ƲҲϲòУȥϢҡҡλλصԺƲѾǰ˭ûҶȣУҲеΡ
ϴڴϾͲ붯ԼӦƵǴӿռó̵ֵʯܵҲģǷ
˷˵֣̲ס鼫á
СϢˣ֮ҲܷˣֻǡСôͿأ
裬žѲ٣һ߳ȥպƸԡ꣬ͷӶ߳һ㶣漴۵״Ź⣬ͷΣҪҪȥѾ
֣һֻȴǱ󣬡Ǹ£ûȶ࣬ءЩ֮ˣԴǴδйѡ
Ƶɨ۵׵Ĺʤͷҹɫǹ⻹ý̲סͷڴͿһ̧ͷʱѹõ͵͵ģСذ㳤ˣԺǾˡ
ֱ̯֣ԣ
Σôһ㶼ֱ֣ӿҪġȻô˵ԼȴҲûסЦ£ѱĶģָģһɵúúذ
ƴۣľĻ¶ȵʯ·ܸ֪һ̶Է߬Ĳµ¶ȣûסս·ôסǵ¶һ㡣
һֱעĶһĻɬɬִЩգʲôҲû˵ڡ
ƶԣһҪҪˣöԷѹʹ֪ǶԵģһ뵽ЩСֲ֮ڿڵĸ飬̾Ϣһˣô˳Ȼɡ
ڣһֱװ֪ôһֱֱʱһ̡
˭һ㶼ÿѹģ
գƷæµͨλԪļֱҪżҪ˵ΪҪ˵ýģǾӶࡣ
ǿƵģ֪ԷһˣȻǽԪ÷ڵ֪˿ʼ̽λԪǰΪʱ򣬷Ҳסˡ
סô죿ȲǡһĶףʱ򡭡
ҲͷۣԷֻоεһЩҲͰˣͻȻֱиԪĴٴǻԪǰ;ԲɹʹֻǽԪ굽˾ǣǻ˺ܶ˳.֦
ҧϵҲһֻߵĽԪ겢δûԪ
鼱ˣһأ
룺ˣ̽һĿڷ磬ûʱ׵Ĵ㣬ǾٵȵȡСҲûʱдŵү飬ɾǺ˵ģָһƥʱǰ;ɹ
ΪЦҾ֪ˣ
Ѿʼݸʱ̫ˣҲûȥˣ׼׼Ļ£һҪ̽ˡ
˵ҪߣҪͱ硣
ǽԪպҪ٣ύһЩҲ뿪ͷһ׼һȥ˺
ֻû뵽κ磬˺ܶˣˣ˼Ҿ죬ŪŮ
ŮǱ߳˷㶼һˮʮСЩ˵˼Ҫ̫ԡ
ֻý鲻̫оȻзλ
ǰλﻹòԴӶԷ֮ǰֱӿͶԶԷûʲôøУ̲ס˵ƣչȥѹôýϸ磿ǶԶ࣬СһԶࡣ
̲סֹһһѣһһġ
ƶ⣬ֹûס۵Ц翪ѹô죿취
һۣҲšܡ
ᳶһ䣬ϿգգۣΪŵӣġ
оһವһ°ջһֱһۣ漴ѸٰͷƫֻһƳ滢ӵŮӣȴѾʼ취ˡ


77 
Ȼ, ȵòʱŮǱߣڿ˿ڣ, СջҪ̻زأһĹ, Ĳ, ưε˽Ԫ̻ȥ϶رˡ
ƳЦЦ
ִ̧Ƶļ, Цеģ˵öԼ, ɾ͵һ, ˵ˣСһƾǸϻ۵, Ժдѧʵ, ҾͲ, ͲǶϣҿСسϢ, ҲȫԸ
˲֪д㱣ý, Ҳ죬棺ԸʲôԸʶô꣬զ֪
ԣ˻ľƱⳤ̾һ˵þõˡ
ģ˵ĺĸ, ǾƹѲǾƺ󾢶ζʱ򣬡Ŷ˵˵
͵һ䣬ˣЩ²˵ϾŮֵģֻú˿ڡ
ֻҪú˿ڣǽЩһҲ͵˻ȥǶزˣ´ɾǵʱСһ˸θʵ۸˹٣ָҪȥĶҪãǲҲһݸ
Ƶļ򣺡СǰڵʱǱ˼ģԻʶĶ֣¶ĸС󣬾ϣǸдϢģɺʱڷǰ˵һҪԸҲͰ̵ԸԼġ
ЩҲСص׶ӿ˵ҵɼңΪĿ꣬㿴Ҷ¼ҹˣΪܽСɲţҲ쵽ˣҪСܸһҲȴԸͿԸ˵ˣֳ˼ң֮ͿԿǰصܵĻˡ
ͻȻἰ֮صȻƵԸϣˣԼЩΪͻƿѯµģֱӱ˻ȥ
˶˵ˣҪҵٳɼңҪȽֳ˻֮ٿġ
Ǳ˽˵ĿνɽһְĻƱȻǻģǽᣬǾûȤ
˲ɵڲشô꣬ɴûҪ֮ǰý˸˵ףֻ⺢Ӳ⡣
ɼȻ˽⣬Ҳ⻰⣬Ȼ֮ȻÿϧСǸдϢģպ˾¿ָͲһġ
Ҳǻͷҷһ˵ʹһᣬǶԷģʹ굽˾ȻȥˣʱԼİɡ
ֱںȿ֮ǰеĻ˻ȥ֮Ҳûἰ⻰ͷŮһۣȻӲÿڡ
ƵȾһΪȳ˸˸⣬ֱͻؼˣԼᶼûС
ȻصԺӣһԺʯϣžöеΣֻĪֱ۳ʯϣüƣοҾ㣬Ҫôлң
ȴʵҪʲôл񣿡
ΣǱһ𣿡ѵҪʲôл㶼
ףԣʲôԡ
ôģͿһŶͷװ̧֣ͷ벻Ժ˵ɣ˵ˣȻӦʲôлУҪˣɲӦʲôȰҪãʱᣬ벻ˣҲûҪʲôл
ȴûסЦһȻµĴ㡣
һۣɿȥʱȴһ㶣ͦ޳վһ֮ңĵطͷȥü˶ԷӰӸʹüۣź˾ƣϴЩ죬ĵ˫ýĪͣһ¡
Сһﳤôһû¶ЦʲôЦ
ûסԼһֱ֪ԼҲɸһԱȣֱС׼ס
һ뿪ݸϻزء
ƳΪԪʹأһǣ˶˹ϲһֱӳŵƹݣõϢҲӭ˳ϲɫ
һֱ֪ظѧʺãû뵽ô˾үҲ˽Ԫ
֪˸˼յ·ۻˣȻȥԡЪϢһӦǰϲˣȽԡͿЦŴ˶ŷʢʳ˰ɣϽԣЪϢһϸǰ磬οǴ£õƷȥݼݼϢ
ﱾ֪ʱȥ뻹ӵ׿ڸ߸ã۵׵ЦûȥЩʱãݹģҲ˵Ƕʮ궼񣬺ͽվһ𣬸ǽܡ
Ȼû֮ǰҲôġ
գʼŰ£ƷæΪ˾ˣϻǽԪĶ˺ܶ࣬صλԪ
ȥŵʱƻûţէȻͻȻһͦϰߡ
ﵹǵһʼ֪ظдϢҲûţû̫ģһڻǺѹôһ𻹲ⲻһٷûһԾˣ
˵⣬һοһۣ㡢Ϲ˵ʲôҾôȾһûͺȻô죿
ҲϰߣԺ˾ҪˣʱϣٲˣҲá
ֳͷѧʻѧȾƣܶ˰
һۣС˵ʲôأԺܰһ˲ףԺ˼Ҿͺˣ֪˽Ԫ֮ǰ˵׵ĺö࣬ҵ˻ȥЩûᣬƽʱ޻˵ģҲ̽һ뷨ҪҲȢޣҾͰ˵һ£Ҫû˼Ҷˡ
ںǺû뵽˺ǣȻûܶ߻飿
û˼
ֲǰظ֪ˣǸֵƵģһ϶ףһҲѧţǡ˵˵ýô£ĳܶӣǰѯĻ£ʱͻȻһûˣ˴һ£û뵽СӳϢˡ
Ȼմ˵Ļвýˣý˾ȻҲĴӦˣֱýȦ˭ҲٸС˵ý
鲻ףװɵʲʲôýˣôǵˣҳԱˣȻȥ˯ˣϽһڰ꣬￪ڣܡ
Ｑæһ˵ܣ꣡
ſڼɲתͷſſڣ¶ԴﰡҵĻ£ȿǿױ£мտɾȢˣ
ؾͺˣ㡢Сӣ
ЦϽһˡ
صЪԺյģĳƺķۣСӻֲ˼񰡣Ҷˣ
ͻȻһˣҪˣ
ȵĺں󾱣ŵýһ£һͷͿƲ֪ʱģͰվţæ˺󼸲Żع񣬡ҪҰ
ƺվֻ֪Ц۾Ź⣬ôҲᵽǺȵò١
ֻ˻ӣ㲻Ǻ˰ɣ
ƻͷԣˡ
Ź֣˾Ͳ˵Լˣ̧ˮȥԡһ
Ƶ̧ܿˮȥ֮ԼҲȥϴˣ֮ȥ˸ѾȥƵķ䣬ȵ˵طһһԡ֮ûֱӴ·ôڴϣ·ʪģ齶ʪˡ
һҪװ˯ķֵд


78 
֮Ըô˵, ΪĻôһܣԲԼòʡ£ϾһС˵ڵĻ, ǿɾûصء
ֲ֪Ѿ֪, Զ׼, ѧˡ
Ȼ֪װֵ׽Ļᡣ
ô죿ŲϧԼŪʪ.ƣΣһЩĪ, ûҼȥ, ԼѹҲ벻
һ̤һ, Ժ󷴻ڻΣֻСɸ˺
õദģʽ
Ƶļ, ι, , 㣬, Ūһʪ, Ƿ纮ǲǣҪǲˣ߶߶㡣Ȼ߶ţ϶ȴܿ죬ϵʪ·ϰ, ڵϡ
ȼ£ĬĬ˺죬ЩһѣҲôĸͷҿɰ᲻㣬ٲѣҿɺҵĻ˰
ƶҲ
ƵǰͷԴǰյ˫ۣ⣬ЦЦסıӣΪǶڴǰģЦڶϵϣһֱעģȻһ彩¡
Ͳµǰǰǻע⵽Ȼ֪ˣ͵ȡ
ȻƬ۽޲˲ۣǱˣ΢죬ϣ.ģýѸջ֡
ãһƬ˯ˣ
ߣװ
Цģɲǣⴲ»ô˯ȥһ·ԼϽҾ͸
ŽѾת¹ȥӰԷŲ죬ƳٶһЩһֱֱ
̫̰ദ龰ʱڼϻʱͻȻͷ
ɵסʧ˰
ܿһӸȥϽ걧±ȥҷ䣬ˣƻѴ̶ŪʪˣԼǵɹҿæء߶߶ԽԽԶɶ˵ȴ֮֮ͬȷΡ
̰·ˡ
ߵһͻȻ˸ͷҲ̽ͷ˵ʲôͿѹһĻ

ƣ
Ҳɵ۵Ŀ£ɨһȦЦһ۵һ°Ÿˡ
ƵӶӣӶˡ
Źϵ˲䣬Ҳһ죬ողбô찡
һʱ佹Űƻһʱ˽ԪȶȽʼлֻͣ˵רĿ׼Ĵǡ
ֻǳ֮⣬ǰɵϰߵûȻÿȥŽӽһԹţţڼ￴顣
ýһۺʱƾСϱһڼҵĸо֪ǲϰʹȻȻû
ܿʮʮһ£Ƚºմĸۡʰ׵Ϊ˾ͽľƹݾһϣʹǼ޹ȥҲǴӽβͷѡ
ʱҲûðױȻԼҲ׼һݣһӵТġ
ƽʱæٽܾùúܿ죬ܿ͵˳Ϧ졣
һ磬մ˾Դ˺ܶΪռûˣ˽ҲûˣҲûչأԼ
š
մڷѧҵ£ҲûʣٰŷȳˣǱҲ¿ӣϽˣҸСػ£ˣúնԼڡ
ʮ˾ǺӣŻû飬δȶ̸̸ģСزŲݡ
ΪҪ꣬ŷ˼٣ƴԻͲÿȥԺֻҪʱȥʣ˻ЪԺ
ſյԺӣΪǳϦ͹ŷǵļ٣
¸޺⸮ʣˡ̾һû뵽ȵһգȥǰۼҵҲˡ
ȴΪζ뵽ʱҪôͬ˵һ˽
ǼǰȻĻϲģν;УѾͬӽ˵ҪΪ½ʬῴԲţʱǻĿġ֮ٵʬ壬ûźǽʬҲֲ˱ġ
ʱû¶Ҳҵ˻ỳǧ֮ݸһԪ
Щǰģýš
뵽Ժ󡭡ֻһƴۣ۵įɬȻӹ
ûش𣬻ͷ⿴һĻһ㶣뵽Լ˼߹ȥʲôأ˵ҲȥȻʻȴвҵͷĲļơ
ƺܿЦЦȻᡣ
⣬ԺӣԽԽСģ˾ҪھҾŪӣʱǻŪլסһ𣬾Զ˵㣬Ҳ㣬ҪܵȥͺˡȻ̫ףҲ롣
Ž߶߶˵Щ飬ǰߣȻǧԸ⣬񡭡
ȥ᲻ãĻմ˵ҵµ𣿡
ȥ֮ǰҲң˵Ҫ㿼еĻѡڻܶһģ˵ǰ֪־ڴˣҲûҴڲһӡ
ûٶᣬ˵Խ࣬ϣԽһи߽
ͬģԷҲһЩġ
ûƽ
Ϊδɻ飬մ˼ʹһҲУһյġ
ҹеŲסò࣬Ҫˣȥ˯ɡ
ƤϽ̯֣
һƣСӣһſھҪǮġ˵ô˵ɻͳ׼õǮӣһһͷ˳β
Ц꣬ƻȥ
һ˯˯ͣʱţʱһǲ֪ʱѩǰĿյȴſãƼѩΪһӰһĪһֱȥʵҲͦõġ
Ҳûʣ죬ռҶʼ׼£׼ļױҲʼ̧ңǻ˴Ǯӹ˺ܶϡ˺ܶӣ￴˵һǮѾ㹻һҵĶӣȦȴ̲ס졣
ƣ⻨ĲҲǮ㶼ۣҲ۰
ûǮƽʱҲûǲǶЩˣôණƽʱôģ
û˵Щֵƣʹڻȥ
ﲻմȻɵȵʱѾǰǣʱҲûʣЩﵱױҲǸϣϾҪھǣҲ࣬һҪӦЩҲ㹻ˡ
ʮ죬ûͺˣմŸͷˡ
һֱûôɿӭ׵ĶԶûסȦҲˡ
ЩΪİﵱһĻﻹͦ᲻á
һֱվŵˣ̤ʵ٣ڻиСպھ˽ţӿ϶ԽԽõġ


79 
մһ·ӭո, մҲ˸լӣѾһӦȫֵ˶û뵽մ˼ҵôʵʱƽʱסûû, ĽǸиġ
ڽߴͣ߱ͽ֮, Ƿſհ, ʯϣſյԺӣﺰŵ
ȴյġ
ƶʳʱͿһĻ, ۵׵įĵǱһ, ˿˿, һֱ۵Ŀڣӿ, ʹ֫ٺ
Щһֱסһ, ˻ˡ
ǰ֮ǰ֮, ܶ¡
һʼĸ飬ȴһĶԹ, Щ, ƱҪΨİ׼Ѫɡ
򣬰׼ôȪ֮Ҳ޷
Ľʱ˵ҪһϾϢֻŭ
, ɶԽȴֲò˵ڡ
ɽƼѵ¶į֮ɫĽ룺ٵȵȣٵȵȡ
һʼƼյԺʱȷģɵȿƣ۵йӹʯΣ֣վǶأСأٲ˹ˡ
ʰ߹ȥһڤ˼һã
첻ѣаСأⶼῪЦˣԿԣԺĶÿҶӾС
ΰľݹȥ԰ɡ
ҲûȳƸпһ֮Ͻȥ˯ˡ
һ绹Ҫȥոյ˼Ҳȥոס
Ͼռֻһӣ޹ȥҲһŮӣһլִ󣬶סҲɡ
ǴʱָҪüŻöֱӾܾˡ
ȴҪȥˣ˳ĿڣϾΪӣڶ찴չػҪȥġ
ͬһͬȥȻҲͬĸֻǺ̡
մʶ꣬Ҳ⣬˵طˣֻǸռˣ޵ǻϲģü۵׶飬մ˲ʱһۣС۵׵Ũ⣬ýࡣ
մλʹ쾴躰˵Ҳ˲裬̸̣
̸һڣܾùֵֹģվţŲˮô»ڶ죬Ϊϲ죬»Ƕһ죬ôš
Ϊʲô÷»ڶﾴ裿
뷨Ͻ˦϶Ƶ̫࣬ųִ
ΪѾѮмҪ̽ûܿͳ˸
գʼӣմ֪ģֻЩ᲻ý
ģǽһִġ
ŷҪС
Ҳû˴ȥ˵ȥ
Ҫȥ¥ǰͲôȥֵطθûȥͷմߵʱѾⶼ׵ֱھ¥˸ᣬͲģ˸
УרΪеģⱻ༸
ʶѵģֻȴʹſڰ֣ȡȲˡǼˣֻҡ
༸Ҳûö٣ſﶼֻʣֱ̧ţеѾԺߺżȣ
ʱͿһĻѾſڵϣҪֻ࣬ȴʲôûС
ȴȵò˵ʵȴǺһӿ
ֱӰѽֱ۴Լļϣȶˣһȥ
ǿ̧ͷãȻ˰죬ŶϣЦ£ûû
һֱֻϣһϣȵϱߡ
ͷƹ
ƸǮһӣһȫ͵
ƹЦӦ԰ͳ¥
ҹɫģֱӱŽһ֣ŽƹĿɿڴүѧʺãҲһһĺð
ֽŶĽߣ·Ѿûʲôˣߵÿ죬ȵ˸ֱø˰ǣߡ
ǴŽԺߡ
ȽЪԺֻʣʱֱѽ
һ·紵˴һЩֻȻֽŲ̫ʹҲö֪ơ
ֱӱ˷䣬Ȱڴϣѥӣ˹ãֻ¶һԴ
ۣûȴʹʡ
ƿǲ̫ûס߶˾䣺´λôࡣ
ȴЦЦ˲ͷͶȥˮ
Ժ˾϶ٲˡ
Ҳܱڼ͵ǿ
ȥСˮΪ䣬ȹٵûһˣŽˮιȡ
ι˺üž̹Щ
ۣ̾Ϯ˯ǰǵûȥ˯
ҹǱѵģ˯ǰ̫ˮֱӾ۾ȥˮ
ˮû̹ɴȥˮϴ衣
ôҲûȥǰԺˣԼˮʹʹϴ˸衣
ϴ껻ϸɾ·һҲû
ǴߵģҲȥոһˣ⼸»û⣬Ҫʰҡ
һʱҲˡ
ɴ಻˯ˣֻʲôɨ۸ڣԾƵľģôһϹڣһﾹȻûѣ
ƵģԷû
ǡԷûڷ
ϵģĶȥˣ
ֱȥţȻ˺ü¶ûӦֱƿţһƾͿˣû˿ƹ磬ϱͷŵġ
ϷŴõңֻм·顣
üֵֹܾġ
Ҳ˯ţɴֱȥǰԺ鷿Ȼû߽дȭһĻǰݸʱһĻԷҲôҹ˯ȭһȦֱһϡ
ûʧȥģһͷˣȦһ߹ȥôôˣ
˯˲ûڸڣӦŶ԰ɣϲ˯ȭôˣ
һҹû˯ǰվһƣֱϵûʱ䡣
Ҫˣ˵ˡ
οڣֻǻѹһʯͷοڣȻ޷˵Ǿ仰һ˽
˵أ
ԽĴϻǻ뵽Ծĵطԣ˼ǰ뵽һڡ
ٵҪڡ
ƴۣ̽
֣аһ죬û⡣
һ̧ͷϽʣҵ˼ǣ롭һ˽
Ķһüͷ壬ǵЦҲüһ˽Сأʲô˼
ƿҪŭƣڣһ˽м㡣
£ʲô°ɫź˵㣬ҪٵͷһҪ˦һ˽
Ʋҿۣ֮ǰú˰һ˵еҪҰºҪϵݸλ֣λֵĺ֮ǰݸˣ˵λ˸һʱ䣬ԼðºѶҾҪߡ
ǴԼȥݸãһֻȸȥݸȥһݸҽ˵Ķʱõǵ㡣
üôûἰ
ƴۣΪһЩ²̫˵ϱӵģҲе˽̫ἰЩԣҲûڡ
ݸʱƵ״̬ȷ̫ԣѵΪ
ɳøֻʲô²ɣ
ȻƲἰҲû⣺⵹û⣬ֱ˵ˣͻȻһҪһ˽һ
ͷĿɬͷڽϣ̰ţòȫ۵ף֮һҲǼ


80 
ΪͻȻҪǰ߿, ƽʱȥֿһʱ䡣
⻹ͷһΪ·ֿ
ɼȻô˵ˣǺҪ£ư껶ϲС˼Ҳøֿ
ôһ, Ī˲١
Ƿֱڼе˼Ҫǰ, һֿ, ž͵ð¡
ݸﲻԶµ·ûҪȥݸ, ٸϹȥ, ˵ҲҪʮա
Ϊ˵ʱѾ, ֻ̰ȥʰЩңƲ˸, , øһС˸š
Ʋڹ¶, ֻȰ£ȹҸڰ˸ǲ
ƴӦ, ԴƿĪ㷵, ߶߶һȦӻһƱݸ
󣬵һ٣мǧ
һ㶣
ţ봺ǻһ, ﵽҪߺܾõ·һʱҸϲϣȥǡϰĴ㿼һȥݸ;е飬ܾܲôȥǡ
ôСһ𳤴ֵܣ᲻СسԿ
ȱľӡ
ռǶѻһҹ飬ֵǲ˵ʮӡ
翡ģ֮ǰӣռٻʮӡ
ɫ΢䣬֪ԼһȥǼ飬ýЩǮҲҪ
ˣһҵֵܾ˵ǮţֲȱЩȻ˵ЩʱװͰ͵ģΪƷģͳһǰ£ڷ˰ɣһУһһ
ɬ˽⽹ӣţԷǲưոݣʱ򡭡
ҧҧӲͷƤ
⣬û֪Ƶ鹦ʹСȥ˳ſڡ
ȳſˣһ·͵⣬ֱ˵ʱվټˣվڿԣָ֣Ŵ鲻ˬĪЩꡣ
쵰粻˵˵ٵͷ˲˵û̵档
ɵײΪѣֻֿܻƴСǣһͷˡ
ֵҲ߬ýģֱԼˣɻ̲סƵƵͷ࿴һۣ뽫Էһж۵ףʱԺҲûлᡣ
ֱٿȥɣŷ˽һۣҿڣһ֣۶ȥ
СҲ
ŽнԶˣվܾöûճĹ⽥ȾϰɫĻԹ⣬߽µǣŵ˸ǣҲ˵ӡ
ԭǵͷģΪһԶֵ۹ٵͷŷسǡ
صյ˵ǰˣ֣ظôûһߣ
ҲΪ鲻ˬ£ҲҪȥһݸ֮ݸϡ
룬õ̫ݸֻк֪ģӦ£Ҳ̫ͻȻˣҰ㱸ˣ㵽ʱֱӴݸ߻Ȼһˣ
룺ֱӹȥʱٻҪһգֱӸϹȥ
￴䣬ЦЦ⺢ӻͷһαظ£ǰɶȥأظһյڸ㣬ε෴ˡ
ʼ磺Ҫû취¡
ֱۣˣüˣһԸ㡣
ڸţ׼ңֻм·װУĵʱ·ҲǣֻǵͬմţΪҪ̣Ъ¡
ڴô˯ţȥԺ˯š
ֻ˯һ룬ͻȻѡ
ΪͻȻˣеעƵ뿪һʱ˵ʲôҲˣÿȥݸͬһ𣬼Ҳһôûưкʲô
ѵ֪ʱƵȥˣ
ɼȻרűܿȥˣǾҪҵĶ֪
ȻôãΪεڹ֪
ʲô֪ܣ
ҹ˾һѲ٣ܾе֣Ȼһʼ֪֪ɼȻ֪ˣȴֲǺ
˵ֻһڣ
üôҹʱھʲôһմһеʱɴմ˰Ҹɿȥһݸõ˰еĶ֮ҹ͵ݸ
մȻֽһҹ͸ⲻȥݸҲû룺УȥһƽʱϵҲá
ӦˣĪֱСһʲô
һһǰеմ˸󣬾һ·۶ȥ
׷ƣ񵢸һһҹֻܼҴҸ·
ô죬Ȼһֱûϡ
ˣԼ̵գ̵յİһСĿջҹҲ·ʱż֮ǰȥƵСˡ
ӣСرϲôô͸ˣعӵ˼˵Ҫöʱ
С˿ǾϲȴǾš
ĵԤоҪ档
С˱ıŵӣ
ǿЦ£СؽôԼˣ
С˿ӲɿǰعСȻģ˵Լһ˿ԣҪȥ£Ҫҹ·˵СûǸϲҲг̣СҲ·عϺȣȷعĲҪСģͻˡ
üģ˹Ȼʲô
ӣС½ʲôϽӻͳݸ˹ӣǰعСҪظģһţ˵ƽʱòô࣬ʣµľСĴظˡ
ŵݵǰƱɫڡ
˹СһЩӵ̲ûֱͣһЩʳ˳ǣ˳⿴ûˣֱӽռ䣬ҹ·
;ûôͣЪջ˯ڿջֱ˯ͷ
ɼʹ·ȻҲû׷ơ
һ·ɫǺڵģҪûè壬͸գ
ڽ˾·ʱҲҹ̣Ϊǰһճʸã·ٶȸ죬Ƚǰոϵݸ
ݸһջƼ˰һĸ
ĸ֣װģ˸ӣһˡ
ּɿڵˣ
ո·ԣֻüѵô˾⣬ô
Ͱմ֮ǰ˵һյ·̣ǸСӣѾ׵Ҳҵһ߸βʬ壬һڱӻʱʱһѻֱӰʬˣʱʬأֻʣ¹ͷ˵λֳʬʱ˶գҲ鲻ʲôֿĲɣ֪йص£Ϊ᲻λֳλ̣οһ֮󣬿ʼϸ˵صԼʱҲ׼Լˡ
Ǳ߿ж
ɫ΢䣬ףǱѾ˺ü£ҵҲûʱգǵڴ֮ǰɹ
ʱ޶֤˼ʹɣˣǵвҲҲðΣĶ
ƱȻأǻҡԸ𣿡
ҡͷԷģֻǻɣҲֻ㣬ɴɱһǧҲŹһһˣҲðաϾ񽹼Ӽ޸մˣմǾռǱߵˣǸˣǲðΣա
ϾǸѰղͬһΪǣͲס
³һ˼ǱߵҪǵǸӲպ󲻻ΪνҹѪǴвϾȻǰ׼˿ͬҲŻҵѪǺӲڣҲͲٶ֡
һߣ·ʮյĽֻץƿҡļһ٣ˣ·͸·бҪ˸𣿣Լÿɢˡ


81 
鲻ˬ겻Ѹ·, ͣЪĿջ󣬴ȳԷ֮׼׼ȥ˵õС׼
ǸС׼һԼԼˣʱЭƺ֡
˳˷, һ裬һ·ҲϷ˸, ȴ¥ߵʱ, ǰں
¥û⣬, ֻǸƹ¥ݵĹս¸Ҫһʱ, ŲȴէȻͣ¡
ƾ͸, ٶҲͣ, û, һ, ˻¥ϲ㡣
Ϊ¥㵲ţܿջõģ, ·ȴǡ
ֱŸ߽ջһ, ߰˸Ϊ׵ӽʱһȦպýԷò۵ףȷ֪˺ִҴҴƻ˿ջ¥Ϸ
Ʋδط, ߵ¥ͷĴ΢һЩƣȿʮƥԼĻʮˣɫױˡ
һֱȻһж۵ףȴûһֱȸ»ص䣬ţȷƿʳô£ʶǣ
ɫʹһǡҵˡ
ôҲû뵽ٶô죬Ȼôˣʱ䣬ȥõϢ񣬲Сʱ䣬ֻǣģǴɴɱһǧҲŹһ
ϾҵĺȷƾҪҵˣԲֻʮˡ
ɼʹֻʮֻҲǶ֡
ɫ΢䣬ô£˵жʱ䣿
˲ϧԼһʿҵô졣ոΪ׵ǸʶҵһλĻţܵΣҹӦûûȷֻǱɴɱҲŹ˼ֻʮʿ·ǽΨһĹٵǴһ·ȥ;г㡣ݸĽԪҲע⵽Եɡ
ɫǼߣ취ܵЩȴһ·ǰأʱǾΣˡ
ɫ΢䣬ΣҪģҹֱǰ򣬵ȵʱϢزأҲͻˡ
ϢûôأǹȥҪգʱҪݣЩ˻ȼϢǰһء
ҲͰˣǲ
ǵ˲ֻҪ˲飬ͻ鵽ʱȷҪҵˣԽǶԣ֮֡
ҲĬ˵õȷܸߣһʼĿľǼ֮ΪǻɵˣҲûҪȥ
ֻ飬ʱһȷǣǾͲǼˡ
ֺݺĨһô
ҧ¶ǰȥ򣬵ʱ
ˣһʱ޷ô죿ǲιĶǰһʿܵеùһɶʮңҲͶԸϣ·һô׼ΨѪ֮һԼˣҲƳ¡
ѯʣǼأ
ְղѣһ㣬ԭֻǴǡģˣôҲû뵽ҾȻô졣
ǴԹģֻǸպõйͻȻֻܴھӪʱ޷뿪µЩĸҲУѲᵱӱ
޹ؽҪӲģٶȲô죬˭֪
ƣͽĵطϵԮ𣿡
֣ܣֻǲһӪҲǵˣֻϢȥǸϹҪա
ۣȰռƻɹ¶ǾͳŵգȵԮЩȫˣʱ취תƵϡ
ֻǻѰܶ࣬Ŀǰֻ취
ͬģҲһֿԣǳŲնԷͶ֣ǵʱ򡭡
ֻǻһģ򡭡
ҧýܵκΣգһҲС
ע⵽ıҲ֪ľҧҧӦˣæʼдû¶֮ǰһݳȥ
ҹֽĲԣҲụֶ̂һۣЩû̼Ųȥ֮ǰ¥װš
̫⣬ţһ˸չһ۾ע⵽һ٣󲻶ɫҲ˴Ҳû뵽ǰζҪԪȻô͵ݸ
Ϊ봺ǻ磬Ԫô죬һ·δ̽Ҳϣǿɾʹˡ
ƺûע⵽ǣţ;װڴͿȣѯ纮ɺЩҪҪٶЪϢգ
ҡͷվ̡
ݸЩǻﶯ֣ܶһһգֻȴҲϵ̫ãԷǲֱӳ֣ǸӲ
һոոպá
ʱ뿪ݸ߹ٵ·ߣﵽպö˺ܶĵطֻҪٶȹ죬ЩӦûһʱᶯ֡
ˣǾա
ȵټգܵȵȱ
ͷһҪ£Ҳٶסһա
ص䣬רóϸƣȻǵĿꡣ
һߣһ˶δţһֱȵֹӵ磬橴¥
Щ͵ȵòͷݸؽ磬˶ӣǶ֣ѱᱻƼ
ڴã´ǲ֪ʱˡ
ջƹ񲻸ҶԣֻʱʱƵƵȥʮǹүȻűװԼ·ļƣǾӪġ
ջѾûʲôˣʮڴúۡ
ƺΪ׵̧ۿȥڻ³һ
ٴգҪ²ǲǲµǵݡ
û˵Ҫɱ˵ǺݣģӦòʶǡ
ʱҲû࿴ƹĽ˳ݳԵù
ƳԵ˹ɼʹˣҲͳһ졣
˼ʱͷһн
ƹ֪пˣջŹٵÿۺʱйĿǰ
ȥкˣƹСһ
СѺѼһ̹Цݾӭȥ͹Զ֪࣬⻹סꣿ
һ··ϵ۾ˣĥ˫Ųڵϲž̤ʵֻǸһ;ôĥۡ
Сأ׷㣬
ˣ˵Ҫݸŵôⶼݸˣ;ûƼӰ
һʮյ·ʵڸϲȥЪһ죬ӹҪɢˡ
˵ûУڰ֣ģס꣬ιˣþƺò˶Ͻһ·˳Բ˯ţ䡣
ȻúʵŲչûգô·¶޵ģɶˡ
ȻУúȱƻ
ջһ¥ڣѾ׼ߣֻǸվƶ΢΢һһ
ֲĲԾôˣ
üģܾǲԼ̫뽹ųֻôԼ˽
뵽ʱӦøյݸ֪ƭʹ֪ٸϣϵʱҲýʮպ󣬵ʱ򡭡Ѿɹ
ҪˣƹĸովãߵλǮ߿߽ŸСˣʹü۴ž뵡糾ͣȻھ¿٣Ƥô߽
ƹͨĴţǺӣüЦӴ⻹סꣿ
Ų̤˵һƼվڹ̨ǰˣǴ˼Ѫ۵ĥźֱӰһӣĦȭƾͳ˵ĺײȥ
Ƹо󶯾͵һͷͶϽŭɺۣͷСţһ
ƽڵô


82 
ûƿ, һ·ʱ޿̶ҵôȴһһ٣ȸЩԲԼһ˽
ǲһ
Ͳһˡ
ôһת, ֱӾײ
ƻӲģýһ, , ⱲӶûôݹĵûˣֱӾƵ½󣺡ҲСأҵˣǮ֮ǰƱң
ǰʻ, ˵һը
ֲʶ, ɶԷģ, Ƶ̾ͲµԷ, Ҳһ, ֻϲɫ, ȰܣϽǰ, סЩ˵, ֱлú˵
һڣơ
ƻعνק½󣬡ôˣЩǮһ·ϸ·, Ժҿп϶㡣
ԶȺ˱ôðһԻˣλԪǸϿģծɣ
Ҳ֪ôģôˣ
ϿҪǮ⻹ǻùҵġ
һǲмӾɱԪ׾١
Ȼǻڣǵ֮ǰĻɣڣ˵ʲôֱɿ֣һѣӻͳһӣס꣡Һþƺò
ƣҵţҪٸܣҾͽҪȥ
ƹıĻ᲻ֱӴüЦϣλү͸Ϻþƺòˣ
ߺ߻ȥѰתҪҸλһŤͷʮˣ߲ϣͷ˵˾䣬ƹģǵ⻹ͦðûطס˰ɣ
УЩүҲҪ̣ճܶϷأƹĿִ󷽣԰ʳ˹
ʵúˣΪ˸·ЩʱվûԺ˯ù
ƣģҲٹԵģͷʼ
ƴӿ𾪵侲ŽȻ໹õԶģɬܣɸǵġ
Щֲ¶ܶҵˣЩ˲ǡ
ôҲû뵽Էô죬ռƻȽ׷ʱѾɹ
һֱСʱڳԱ㣬۶һֱ˵ˣǷծǮ쾭£ƹģϷ˯ˣ˵
˵գƿڣֱƹ¥ȥˡ
ȴ۾΢Ȼ⣬ɲò˵λʱ
ǵڶ죬Ϊ˲˵Ļֻܽ뿪Ϊʱ䣬ǹһʱ
û뵽λͷˣ
ȴҲպнڣٶһգ
ǺõĻ˵ܶգ
պõȵ򣬸պþǵա
ֻҪһϣܵԮ
ƿ¥Ҫȥָס
ôһѾ˶¥ˣǿ侲Щ뵽ģȻҲ뵽
ֻȴֵĿĲܴͬȥҪ뿪ݸǰȫģֻ뿪Ųᱻǣ
ôˣװ⡣
ѹȴָպܵ˵ôˣôܹˣ˵ǮֵܸģôҪҪȥǷּˣ
˼Ƣˣ֮ǰ½·;̫Զ˸ûҲ֪ô֪ˣ׷˹
ˣһΪҪծģô죿˳˵
üģȺɣϿʱ䣬Ⱥȥ̡
ּװֻˡ
ǣˡ֮ȥ̨ٿһķ
¥ĶʮûΪ׵͵͵ϴô죿
߻ǲߣ
Ϊ׵΢̨̧°͡
ȥһյķ
εĿֻɱԪһҲ޷
ɫڷﱾۣȴû¡
ոû֮ǰƭ£ȻֻһƳɿջĪôˣƽʱֻǹ˶߱ģԷʱЩ˲ɫ׽á
ЩˡĿĲ򵥡
뵽֮ǰƭ£ʮĿƣ
Сغʱǵˣ
ûã˹ˡ
ţۣϷغûǺɫߡ
ƺֽ.ȥ
ֽ.ȥȴûȥԣǾźĵ壬Űϸȷû˸ɿ߹ȥ
źȲ裬վš
־չֵֹģˣܾ֮ﲻ̫Ծֵܹϵǲ̫˵㣿
֪ƭԷ϶ҲͲˣλӾȻ׷ˣ
ɤЩƣ죬۴̰ŽԭΪ֮ǰһû뵽ǻټ
ǸҲƭ㡣֪ҪͣҪ취ý֮ǰ뿪
ͬʱֺĸ֪࣬뿪
ȲĶһ٣ޱ飺㱧ǸʲôҸ㲻졣
⻰ȻҪ治ҲͲô׷
ʲô̯˵Ҫܣʲôܵģʱģɵ뵽¥Ƕʮˣüͷѵʲô֪·ˣ
̧ۣСִŲĿ⣬ˡģ̲ס
ԼûϢָָλãɡλӣһ°ɡ
ſ֣֪λôƺǰôû˵ǹȴҲԣԷźӣƲ͡
ЦЦӣ棬һطģ䴾عġִӸոս÷ʱڣҪλֲй¶ܣ΢ֻɿš
䴾أϤϾͰǲأȥ
֮ǰƼװһԵ䴾أץλֿˡ
ܴǱߵˣֲûʶơ
ܴߵôƽ
¥Щҵģ
⻰һƣҲסˡ
ֲɫƣӣΪô˵
ˣСͻȻҽЩӣ֮ǰǰС䴾ء˼ǰСͻȻ㲻ԾģҲʣܴ֮ǰϤǼ¡
û뵽ֻƾһ۾Ϳô࣬¾ȵͬʱܿ侲û뵽ӹȻˣЩ˵ȷҵġ
üߴȴתϣԸܴ˺㣿
̸ʱѾӦ֮ߣףǱΪϤǨŭܴԼңЩ˹ҳǵİѱԼ֮ʱҽҪԵʱ򹫲ֱӰҵľݡܴǱҲ˼ˣҵġҹȥǣһҾûˣȥҲŵȹһأٽû˾ݾͻزأʱ취
ԣ㲻֪οķҪҵǸôʲôû֡
֮ԸҺƽҲΪѹ벻ɱǵġ
Ҳ벻˻ᶯɱˡ
ȷû뵽ЩɱƵģϾܴ˵صңһһǽԪһִûô
ɿΪƭңС˰
Ϊûһ˵ڡ
̫˽⽹֪ˣɿֻҪ취뿪
ƴۣҲǣ㡣Ҳ֪࣬ҪȻȥ
Ҳأˣô⻰û˵٣Ͼкܶϡǵǵʱ򣬸պʵٳҲԶׯ빫Ҳൽˡ
ʱ취ӽˣóöŲ˵仰
˾ȨƴҲĿŵ빫ȥ
Ҳɵۣ⽹ȻǡȻӲ¡
˶ߣ
ֿƣֵܡǽظ顣
Ʊһֻֽ߬ţʱȴ¼
֪ʮͷţɴûټȰӦˣȻˣһ̽
ֲ죬ȴûڡ
ſƣ鲻֪ˣʲôɫ΢ˣȴԣʵƹ˵һ䷿һֱһ䷿ӿʼ·ô춼ǣ
û⣬⽹ôϸ԰һ䡣ϾȽס
ֲˣҪִӾԲСصƻ˼롣
ƵϵȻˣҰùסһ䡣
ָ֣ô졣
ɿûֻܸƻط
յʵҪⲻ
Űһۣģһ磬ͻ뿪Ȳ뿪
ֲ죬ʲôɿ侲ģûʳ
뿪۵ſڴϣЪȫĹͷۡ
Ҳֻƫͷۣ°Դת
ȻˣСԽ仹бҪġ
ƹغţѰһԣߵǰģ£սЩȵĺڽĲˣ
ͻĿһƫͷһۣ˵أҾԼ嶼ɢˡ
һ£޳ָͻȻϣҰ󣿡
üôã
Ҳȷ۵úܣҵͷۣ͸оƵַļиǡ
üĹͷɿ첻٣ֻǰŰţͻȻò̫ԾԷ˫ִӼ¡
һˣ͵תͷأ
Ƽþգ˵۵ˣ㶼һ¡
ûסһˣѸվװȥˮˡ
ȹһˮͷӦȴ֪ʲô
뵽Ƶ˼ˣ߹ȥˣҲˣȵ˾Ȼа취㡣
Ӧˣֻ뵽ԼҪԼ뿪£ʱȴһ׶ӣݺݴĿڣʹѡ
ֿԣԶ֪Լĸ顣
Ϊ˱뿪ȴҪ˵ڣ
ʱۻˣ˳˶ʱ䶼˯
Ƹѳʳ˵䣬һֱ˯ҹ
һֱϢߣڵȣȵڣȵҹ˾ڸо߶˶һ漴ԭƽȻĺʼòȿһЩ
߬ȭͷ֪ˡ
ʹãĵһ̣ƻ޷½ôô񿴴䣬ֵͬܡ
һģҧͻȻڽϷ
ԺʱʶѣҪۣ͸оͻȻһ
ԭҪ۵Ķһ٣Լ׷ƣŵСء
ôôǰҹɣ
ǰ֮һƲǡ͵װɣ
ƵȷǴ͵ףװ֪Ѿʱ򡰱̯֡˵ý֮¾뿪
ۣСô˶ϴһ۾ˣϲ˯èţô࣬ϽϽ˯
ΡԷȴϡ
ôϢ˰һλˣ
ɡѻǲѣ
ȥŽ𾪷ŭƿʱ򣬽µ˿δһֱ̺೤ƽȣװ˯
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83 
ƴӶĿʼ, ̯˵֮ٵĳ
нŭĿӵģĵģѺ
Щ²С΢£ûһ֡װ˯
յ, Ĩһҹ, ˫ϲɬ֯
װ˯, ǲٴܽܲᡣ
Ѿ֮ǰ֮֮õĽ
ȴϣġ
Ӧ, ôôֵ֮뿪
װɵһ, ɵסֱſ
һ˺þ, ͷ۲ѡ
Ϳ, ּ, һ·¡
װװȥ, ̧֣סһԴĺ, 㹻˰, ƭҵһû
ǰ˵ţôˣ
۵ʹɫ̧װ⣬ֱ, ˺󼸲ţ
ⲻϻôҪȻ˵˭ҹڣ΢˫
ɴһۣıףʱҪôظ
ɴһл˵
ֱӰѽͷһǣˣҲ׹
ڽµãһɿ
ջ䲻٣ٿһ䡣
ֻһ£ǳ˯ˡ
Ҫ·ֲܲ˯ۣ룬ͻȻʲôܾﲻ̫Լ£͵ۡ
԰ôˣ͵ʱСģ±֪
һֱ̿ƣͻȻôһ£
ۣͷβʱ䷢һ飬һʼԭҪһʱܸоԷá
λ˼ԸͬһҲˡ
ת۵ǰһСͻȻ⡣
ԷĽŵģֻѰδκΣգΪβϧ֪뿪
ȷ˼СؾôðȻ֡
ĬɫҲÿ
СأУ
һ磬ʰһޱţƹȻվ
бһֱۣԽ¥ߡ
ƻһһҹû׽ⷴӦô¡
̫ż½ǣܵκΣա
ֲ̫ıֳ
Ҳûᣬ¥£ҪһţӣԸСȥҶ׼Щţ⣬ŪţƤһװˮһװơ
֣ӣ;кܶջشôࡣ
û˯ãö࣬Ҳµģǹ˼ܽǵˣҲʳ
˭˵ҪҪȥ
͵̧ͷ
Ҳסˣ⡢ôˣö˶˵ôͻȻҪȥⲻǸ
Ҫ˵ģ˼Ȼûҹǣ˵ôʲôҶֵܣɵҲҪУҾЩ㵱ֵܵˣ
ɶͷԣ⡢ö˶˵ġ
ҲɫȥͿԪһſҰֽһλġ
קСõĶһվĵһۣٿ֣˵˾ζĻ£㲻
˵գֱ߳ջ뿪
£ֲµʲôôйأ
ѵ˽ӵŮˣ
ҹɴ̹ף˽ӣ
һ£ҲԵɣЩزģüŪۣûסЦԪһģԭҲǸòȻĻӡ
û뵽Է˵߾ߣϡǲ⣬ǲ˺ȴҲøٴһԡֻ䴦뿪
ǣԼŭʱǿ
һ뵽뿪Է飬ĿǴ˸©硣
ʱ·Ҳû˯ã˯ö࣬񲻴
һֱߴʱȷû˸š
һӣٳʱȴǳһģ
ǲŸ·һ˻û뿪
ֱΣգЩˣ²ֻҴ
ǡɱ
ˣƲû·İ취뿪
г̣ߣջԶƵ󷽣˴ûˣżǰ
ôһ·һգͣ¡
˵ʱǵ硣
ջߺԮͻᵽ
ֻҪٳŹռɡ
ƺסվΪվǶʮ˲δǶվԶﰲӪկѰʱ
͵.ȷһûߣߣѰû˵ĵط˨ԶԶģٰѸӽռ䡣
ѰλòԶţһвԾܶռ
żĲ²ǳ档
ЩĿĲҪôܰƣԼҲ
ΣգҲܾôһ˶ԳеΣա
ˣ浽򲻵ѵʱ취ЩˣϾпռ䣬ʱܶһʱӡ
߸ŵʶûͻкС
վŹٸ쵽ĻΪƾ֤վ
֮ûȥջЩɥĲʱһɱˡ
վ٣ǹٵʱʱйٱҲԼĵطܽڶЩ˻᲻һ
ϾջѰϰȣվЩ˶йְ

ĸּۣãƽʱЩʿϵѪ಻ʤ
ϴ󣬽ô죿һ·ҲûҵʵĻᣬҪôһ·˿ѯʡ
Ŷ³úܣǿɲҹ
۵ɫҲãԪףôĲ֪ѡ
ٵȵȡ˴ֿȴЩɱ˵ľ顣
ֻǰʱ֣ȴһɸ봫顣
æŵݹȥ۴򿪿ɫ΢䣬Ҳء
˴ҳ֪ǲǳ¡
ۿţԶԶվķ⿴ۣ֣
˲⣬վЩˣһ
ѵýһ䣺ǳЩ£ҪȥһҪ£սپ˻ͣҪʱǡ
˵һ仰ʱĥ
ǧʿƹЩʿһˣһ򲻶Ըɱܣ
֮ļ˻ϡ
ɿڰȫˣǼڣʱǿһţĶ㲻Ǽƴ뿪
ǰ׼ΨˣǾǴҲҪסӣ
ƹȥʮСʱǼ֮꣬˳˳ˮδгһգҪѪ֮
ܾĻ쵽û˵ڡ
ʹ˵Ҳ
Щ˺ţǸϣˣʦʱʹĴ⽭ɽҲƽ׹ˡ
ԸЩȥ
ֻϣЩԮ֮ǰᶯ֡
ϣ˿ա
ҹƾۣϢۣ⡣
ţŰš
ƴţ˽ɫףʿùټҵվվ˳ȥȫɱˣΪ׵Ǹ˽վΧסˣӣҺֵܻȥʣֵֻܵסһС֡㾡ֳ壬شҪɽʯֻҪŵվͻԮ
ʱ³£סվԺ
û뵽Щ˾ȻͻȻͳ֣ɥĲɱǰԺվˡ
ûڡ
ھβѣҲ˲Щ
֪ǲߣ˶
ʵ϶ʮʿǲ߸ˣӲȥ
û˵ģĽ߳š
Ȼվվڣֻһ죬ͷŲѾ֣ȼѣյû硣
ڸͷϣײУԪԼɱ.ȥߣֱһѻվ
ĸԪ϶ɡ
ֱӴţ˳ȥ
ֻվڿſڵλòδˣǰҹǱİ֡
ʱ䣬Ѱһᣬĸʤ
ǺˣΪҪɱңЩ޹֮˶Ź
Ҫ־͹Լá۲֪ҪɱԪԵɣ͵
վûվ󷽣ôȥÿһξ붼ʿţһΪ벻ԶƱغܿ׷ϡ
߸˶ϣڽӡ
ƴʱȴ쳣侲ڼⱲʵѾûźˡ
ΨһԲģЩˡ
ֻǾʱ״ͻ䡣
۵ϵƹԹ߳ʱͻȻһѴҹվôֱ۽µǰ
ܾ͵̧ӣǡ
ǻڵϣɢһֵζ̴ӻؽĻŹֵֹġ
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ⶫţЩ˱ֳץֻΪţϿƵҪͻΧʱ˲
Ƶ˾ɱƴһ·ƥͿʼ塣
Ϊ׵ۡ
ž룬ҲҪ׷ˣʹ̧֣ӿռŪĶ˹ȥ
ǸطΪ˲ٻѻȼţⶫҹȥڵطѿҺɢͬʱصһ졣
жըֱը˼ʿ
̣˲䵹һƬ
۵һһͷ˲䱻Ļ𾪵ǶֻǾͽܵΪṦֱӷȻ˵ˡ
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һϻͿʼܡ
ͬʱƵ˻ϡ
ƿһ˲۵ѸپɺһƬ㡭ôˣ
ֵֶ̲ס.
һۣʲô㣿ܣ
ٲûˣ
Ȼ¶ˣЩҪģ
ֿҲŵˣȴֲòҿԷȻŪǰĶǸܲ
ʵ̫󣬸ûκ
ʹʧ˺üˣʮѸ׷
ɫ䣬ĸ˶һۣȴͻȻת㣬ֱЩˣүߣǶϺ󣡡
۵ݣûͷǰ塣
Ʊۣһͷһۡ
ѾܶûԹʣµʮ˷ֳ֣Žʮʿǰ׷
ôһֱ˲֪ãǱ׷
ҧ˱űԶԶΧס۵ˡ
ܣܰһǱĥ޵òС
ЩˣҧֱڽӣͻȻ߬סֵ
һİɣֻϣܰǴռ䡣
֪һ⣬ǰܲܰСظԼĿռ䡣
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أҲ˲ϱ¶¶ˡ
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ڽҪֵʱ߬ţִŰ£Ҳµġ
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Уְֵǻס
ȴûͷˣҲɣģһģûȫҲѥذףһҧ䣬һһֻûŽߣ
һͻȻʲôͷٿƣ书ֻһ㣬ֲУҧ
ͬʱƾͿʼж
һʼûû뵽û۽ԪȻĻּã䲻ֱɱʿ
һ˲侹ɱһӣͬʱذһƨ.ɣѾĿ˻һһ˳ȥ
˷ֱһٶȼ죬ֱӿЩʿ㣬ס׷ɱȥ·
Ѫϵ·Ⱦ죬վ˲ʿɱһ
ԼͷҪɢܣʶŷʹĺ󾱡
£ǰһĻӿԺѸٿܣģֻƥǰܡ
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ͣ£Ҫȥ
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ӵûɣԲ׼ҶԲӵΡ
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ڵϹ˼Ȧͣ£룬ٶȲ죬ûˡ
һӣ֪֪ܡܡ
Ѿ֪ԼֲУʹȥȥҲϺȡ
ӻͣƿӣ֮ǰӹȥһģһ֮ǰըĶһֻ٣ȼЧҲըˣ֮ǰЧڣŻȡҲǿԵġܾСؾͳ·ڣͷҲأһɽߣҡ
ƨϵѪûɣ뿪ӦûԶȥü
㶽ƿӣӣ㡭
ȴѾӿռͳһ·ϴһ
ڣѹûôóģɿһĻﲻ֪ӣⲻУӵʱǡ
Ի취Ҫûȥǣ㾡ӣʵڲУ͸úõģҴӦĻûʳԹһģҡ
ȦˣȴҲ֪ʱҧͻȻظһͷûͣЪҧǰȥӣֻҪŹվԮ͵ˣ
û˵֪Сʱǲǻš
ɼʹȥҲﲻʲôռѾûЩ壬ȡ̫ѣֻüŪôһ㡣
Сûˣͽռ䣬ֻҪЩһøСر
СػţЩˣпռ䣬Ȱʵֲ˵ʱ򣬴ռ
ʧںҹҧͷϵڳͬķ͡
·ִӿռͳһɫģϵĲࡣ
֦Σ֦··˺ɲںϣװһΡ
ڣֻҪԶ;Կ
׼һУιڰȴ˵ʲôζֻң¼ˣСѾûˡ
Լû֣һƬ
֪˶ãж͵ֱһ˫þˣ·ԶһЩĵطһֱš
ͻȻһӰһӰѸ߿
쿿·ʱһǵİš
ɿſ쵽·ʱͻȻһгԶٵߵӰ
ճտۣȲˣ͵سһ֣ĶһЩ룬֮͵һԵĲݴԡ
Ȳ˵ʱ͵ļѨ
˲ͷ˻һ
һڿռŵҹɫＫΪԡ
ûټȣͿʼǰǰ񱼣ֻܱ󿴣ȷЩ׷ʱ򣬽ɿ
Ѿ룬ȻܵòȴҲЩȵĿ졣
ֻߵʱֻܾܰЩԶĵط
ֱ쿪ʼʱµƥ֧һͷԵϡ
ڵϹ˼Ȧ۵˲̱ⱲӶûôǱ
ܰô㣿۵׷ʱͺ޵ȥɿԶɵۡ
һˣԶһòֻҪֱӶռＴɡ
ƽ۵Цⲻ⣿ϲ
Ū㣡ͲСѾ˳ܵȥ˻ȥһ̺ʽ
𣿡Ѿ⿴ɣҪȥʱԼƺʲô촫̫ˣֻǾʱʲôصһ´塣
һ˲˵һʧȥӦŲŲȥģȴ޷
ͷͿ̴壬һĿڡ
ͷѪ˳ŵͷһչ·ܿǼͷϷ⡣
תͷ֪ʱһˣΪ׵һѴ󹭣´ϡ
ʧȥʶǰֻԼ͵رʲôקȥľһ㱷·һˮģ죬нԶɱôʡ䡭

֪Լ˯˶ãʱֻԼ˶ƮŰ㡣
ۣܵ龰죬ϸڿռĳ
ǡͷǽ˿ռ䣿
ƮƮģǸģѡ
ŷֲ̫Ծ
ڿռǲǸ˵㣿һֶ̧컨ˡ
ȵͷһ֪Լڿռˣǡ˿Ʈڿռġ
Լ͸壬˶ˡ
ôͷûǽˣ
ԲۣҪǲ͸͸ģɴˣߣʱΪˣûֻܽʣ»Ǳռ䣿
ɵˣĬĬųȥ
ĻȻڿռ
ԼƮƮĻ½Ǳ׷ڿռˣ
ҪС֪Լˡ
޷⻭档
У취ȥ
һֱڳԳȥİ취ȴòš
Ǳʧȥϵ
ڿռƮƮȥƮǰĵӰӳһİϤĿ
˵ϤΪԼʮ꣬˵İΪⲻСһֱţǰǵ
ĻǱ°룬ǰĻǡ
ʹٲԸţ塭ˡ
겻ѣȻĬУֱ͸ĻǿʼĴײɶ±ųš
֮ûԣΪԴӵռ䣬ֻôһط
ǵȴҲ赲εš
һͻȻ.͸֣һŰѡ
֮ģһšȻˡ
ƮɵۣʮţȻˣ
ŻţӳĿɳϡ
˫һؿڣ˫۽գϢġ
ʶƮϤ
˫۽գ˯Ű㣬ô꣬Ǿֹδ仯
վΪҹרҵ飬֮õ֤һԼ˺öյļ١
ʱ·һʱС˵ſž˯ˡ
Ѿˡ
Ǳѹ.ؿڵǱ飬ƤϺȻĸ֡׵ʷǡʱʱΪʷǸ׵ۣˡ
һ־Ϯʷˡ
ʹģȥǱ飬ֻǵ͸ָϴؿԼʱپһ͵ذٴԼ
Ƚʱǰ͵ת
ۣһգ£Ľë£漴ֻ̧֣Լ޳ָǡصԭˣ
ΪռһֱǾֹģ뵱һδκβʣֻе㲻ϰߡ
ʲôͻȻߵǰϤСռ䣬һԣܻȥģǻŵˡ
Сʱ󣬽֮ǰڿռ·ϼٷ󣬱ǵռİ취Ĭһ
һ̣͵ۣӳģһò
ͷ۵׵ľһٵܿյģһӰûС
Ż˵ĵ·һĳ׷ġֻˡ


84 
һʼĻ᲻֮ǰЩˡ
ռǰ, ʱһ۾ͿǸ
ܾԼ˯˺ܾãЩҲôãŸô֡
ǿò֮ǰռܿǼˡ
, ʧˡ
˭֪ǻûԮһɱġ
ƻΪ˱˽ʬ, þҵСزС
һȦ, δѪ֣ʱô, ҲӦѪ, ôɾһۼû
վ˻, һҲû
»صռ䣬ó֮ǰٰݵѪǸ, ճϺ, ͷŪɰɫ, ³
Źٵ˺ܾòһţӵİջӵġ
˳, Ǹϴү, ƵƵ͵
Ͼû˵󳣻ˡ
ЦЦүģȻˣʵģҵȴǴ, ҵ飬ҲǴˡ
ϴү֣ȴã滹źӡ࣬ʱģҲûô裬Сֵɱ֣ⶼǰǼº򸽽ӿСˣ²Сıˡ
￩һ£ǰŶ˴ү⼸վɳˣ
վûСֵѵ˵ʲôˣϴүһ˦ӣʵ
ҾʣǴүеǰǺ£Ŵүĺ󱳣ĵӿһɲ֪Ϊ뵽ǿܸɸɾĵ棬ʱ˴Ѫǵطȴɸɾģûκĺۼ
ү̾ϢһǿǴ£˺ü£˵ǶˣֻҲ֮
֣֪߬Ǻ£ֲԤУ¼Ԥг档
ү˵ʵϧǰ·ݰɣ˵ݸǱλүһ˽ϿסվλԪһݸҲͳһԪԺǰ϶Ĺү
ϧǽԪã˵סɽλүͬһԼվˣһûܻһѻȫûˣ
ڶ֪ʱ򣬶¹ˣɲ࣬˵һﻹһλӡ
λصʱ˵ԼӾǱģ˵ǵʱλӵʬϣˣĿȫǵʬҲкܶ൶ˡ
ֵЩݵ˶һĺۼûλ˵λԪּãֻͨм֮
ҵԼݸ֪үǶˣ󡭡ǲ֮
Ϊ޶֤Ҳɱǵĳһ߱ġ
ЩνɽҲûҵС꣬Ϊλӵ岻̫ãŲò˹ǻһȥˡ
Ұǲ֪˵ʱλӵʱ򶼿ˣ֪ԼУ㺢Ҳûˣãû취λŲò˻ȥ
ǿϧˣЩ
ү߷˾䣬ȴûţͷһλֵܺ۾ˮ
ϣСֵզˣ
æͷ̧һһֵᣬʱĴҵģ롣
ǼǶ㲻˰֣Сǡ㲻
룬ԽԽ£޷ֽ
ʵǰʱֻûڱ˴ŵӣ۵СءˣҲ㡭
Щɱǣȴ޻
СôûˣŰ˵ģͻȥġ
ˣСءȴûˡ
֪Լô򣬴үĲѣȴҲûҼԣֱţͣ
ź̧ͷԲסôү㵣ˣû£ֻǼҲǱģԡһʱûס
үɿԭˣСֵ뿪Щ
Ǯͽסһջ
֮δҪȥݿʹѾꡣ
Ƚʱ½ݣΪ֮ǰ£úܶҲ˲٣мٱܡ
ǹ٣ȥվ
վͷãֱǼٱŹֿŴҴһصջ
ջͲˣһֱ˼գЩһһ·ظϡ
Ĳһֱزźãֻǰ¸·ȴһȦϣóȥ˾ƹݡ
ߵʱƹݻֵģɴ˿̴ŹţֻдҴҶˣһǸңƹȴѾˡ
ɫ΢䣬ڴͿһһС̷ǰѯʳƹôˣ
Ǵһ㶣ٿģȻǹİɣ
ӿԣǹ⣬;˴ЪЪţƹǸλãôˣ
Ĵ˿սһЩʶˣҪˣܲ㡭ƹݰ˿ģֻǰɣǰӳûˣ˾һֱ鲻Ҳţﻹ˼ƹݣ㲻֪ʱ˻ʱ˶࣬ڵʱ˺ӣˡǰȥһΪкڸǰ֣źЩ򡭡
˵氾ȥ
⻰ﲻ˵ڣȥ˿Ĳⳤ฾ⲻ˼ô
ɫҰףһֱţֻˡ
￴ģ塭
ڰ֣ɤӵްˮȾ˷纮ЩʱվͺˣֻƹݼȻȥΪβˣ
ﳤ̾һԩˡһֱĺӾôûˣҪ˵Ҳ캢ӻ˻ҵҡͷլҲûһֱأҲǿˡ
֪Լôϵʶʱ̧סۡ
ֱãſóҼҿջס¡
ԭֱȥոںԺǼ
һ·̹֮ף޷Լݣʬꣿ⻰˵ܲţմҲţỳ᲻ǰйء
̹׿ռߵǽʬ꣬ǵֱӸĺˣոջ˵һδ
Ҷġ
οҪСرҪ£մ֪
ԵĳˣڳȨ㳯Ұҡ
ǱͣѰ˼õĿջס¥Ϸ
ģҩһ˯ڶʱ֡
ֵģ෢ʹüģҲڲٿȡ
ȥͷЩ֮ȥոתתһ棬þôˡ
ԶԶţ֪񻹺ҲС
¥´õĽԷʱһ˵˿ʼ˵飬֣ܺŵһȴǸڳ֮⡣
Ҫ˵Ŀһϡ¡
ͷϡ˵˿ɲ㣬Ǿϡǲϡ¶Բԣ
ͷĴڲǣλϡ£ҪһۣҪ˵ݻͣǵ񡭡ӣ
ӣ԰ʥֻλӣӣ
ǹªţӰǰڵġ
ʲô˼Ǵͷģ˽ӣ³ͻȻô˵̫ãϽ졣
ͷһۣżƿڣȻ˽ӣ˾ĻʼѪֻǡЩǲ뾩ԶȻǵõϢҲ٣˵λӣҪ˵˵ĸǰĴǡ
ú˵ӣôͻȻ˵ˣⶼȥˣ
ͷȴû˵ĴܳһƥλԪүһܵͣûô˵ȴһüһһ˵
ץص㣺԰һ죿ѵλоٺԣ
ͷǱ𼱰ⲻ˵λԪȷһ쿼ԣκܵͣҲоˣҲǾүֻǰǰͻȻȾ˷纮һͲ˰꣬ⲻʹ˴ǣ˭֪ȥľүһμӻԣֱӵ˵һ
ͷҲûʲôϡİ˵⼸úѧʣ£ϾǾүεͣҲǾ˰ǿϵġ
ͷȴ߶߶ӣЦˣһº̫͵ϵԵʱǲôţ
ڱģôţ
ͷЦˣλ˵һĻԪүǸư͡
ʲôöʱ԰һ㶼ģưôμӵĻԣ
ͷλԪү֮ǰưͣ˵ǰǴδǵķ纮أ˵˺ȴϢΪ֮ǰưͣԲδɣμӻ֮ǰҲֻС˵⼸˷纮Ҳû˻ɡ˭֪̫͵ϵʱȻ˵
˵һϧˣưͿ϶״ԪԪ׿ˡ
ͷϵЦȴˣû׿
ϡ棬ȲʵΪΣ⣬ⶼ˵ô٣
ͷԣ֮ǰ˵ϡ¡ԭٹҲ϶ҪֱӸϳȥģǲôţλԪүֱ̫͵ϵŻϵóһ˵ʱϾɵۡҲ֪ôģյĵӳһգĳɻʵֱ̫͵ϵѪףǲôţλ˵ĻԪүȻǻʼѪǵ
ʲôĪλǸӣھó棬˶ɵۣҲ̫ϡˣȻ£ع֣԰겻˵ǰ׼ҳºֱӲ𣿡
ͷҾͲ֪ˣֱµģʱѾλڣ˵ǰûʱźӳ˹˻ȥɼȻ϶ˣǿ϶ûġ
ϡĲУġ
ԭţ֪ʱҲͣüͷܾӡסеϤ
ܾƺ
ԺͻȻǱ׵ʷǡͻȻվⲻλ׵۸ձʵϻʱľ
Ѿǲ̫ǱݣΪʱ׵۸ϻȷڣڴʱʱͦźúõ״ԪҪʲôĻӣôѧʲǰѧô
λưôǵòǰ
ȴǼǵò̫Ҵһص䣬غţ˿ռ䡣
ȴҴõǱƿʼһͿ˺üʱֱ꣬þö޷ع
ǵûһʼǴӵİ׵ۻع˹ֻĻǴ̫͵ϵĵԿʼȥĶʮֻһʴ
ֱӲμӵԺ󱻻ʵյ״Ԫ˵ֻǸʼĵһ
ȴͷ۲ѣôҲû뵽Ȼһʼľһ飬ֻΪֻڻңѹûдʱѹûʶǴ顣
뵽λںûʵĿǰΪȨ̫ҪѰһͻƵԸҵ˼ӶɹΪʼˡ
֮һƳʱݺ׼ŵˣЩ֮ΪеˣۣϵλΪ׼ƽ󣬸ĹΪס
ֻǡλ׵ʱưͣѵﲻԣ
˵װģΪ˴۵ģ
Ͼ޷λģʱ֮ԶģΪʹˣĶȴԻλӵ
û˼̳еλĿܣܻó۵Σ̶ȵشӳ۵ȨӶԸˣ
ۣĽ֣һ˫һþˣͻȻ͵ЦȴЦòȻˣλʲôǵĿꡭȴһµġ
ң
׵۵ĿΪ׼ƽ
ΪСء
Ȼˣǰ֪ľһλ֮𣬼˵


85 
ԼǴ, صռרŰͷһ飬һЩϸҲԵϡ
Ǵˡ
Ϊ֮ǰ׵ۺ뵽ģֱӷ֮ǰƻҪõǲ־顣
׵۵Ļʮ֮ǰһʴʵʮءϾӳһҪһҪ취׵, üȻᡣ
׵Ȼδἰֻʱûֹ, ֻἰ, Ϊ׼ҵı԰Ȼֻǰյ⴫ĲŲδô
ǰ׵۳Լϻʵ۵ĶǶ¡
Ҫ˵ϻʵۻĸӣ׵ܳΪӮеļ˵, ѶԸ
ʮǰȵϴ, 󳣽ɽܴһֹ, Ϊ٣սºܶవ
, Щر߹ΪЧ, ⱲҪĶ
һǴЧҵĹңһǶŮȾ
Ⱦǰ޸˵ĶҲΪ, һһŮΨһŮ, ɶӡϻʵû, Ȼ֧ԼŮ
׵۵ںδֱӶ֣ΪǸýһΪΪ񣬿ɶ̫װȻ, öԷպҲһλʾ
׵֮ΪеģȻҲɰ׵۵ݣֻѪϿɣλݿɣȻ֧֡
尵ϵıȨ˶ӡ
˭֪õȨĿĴﵽϺԲڴ𣬶ӷˣڶ̥ʱ˼ƲѲȢˣˣĿ
ΪЩȨ׵ҪӮӸҷ˸Ĺ򣬶µҲûõá
һȴ³Ҳʶ˲屻ұӸԻסˡ
갵˹ôս⣬ҪһԵɾǰºһ¡
յõȨˣĻ޷ŪȴƵƵʹӡ
ξ˰·͵߹صһʳԼǺ£ЩʿûʳպõоûȻսɵûʣԲůһ̴ΪѣʹӮˣµĽʿʧز˵ԼҲΪƴ뻤ס߹ز
ûܰգȻãɵ׸ӻˣʱϵıȨˣؾ
һҲǶӵĿģھʱ򣬲סἰΣΪΪǰˢһøС
ģЩھʱ٣佫˼ûô໨ӣȻҲˣһšȴҵ³
оһڣδϸνػջ͹ȥʳԼ
ʹ֪ҲûܶԸֹ˶ʹƻ
ֹ˶ӣȴǿԡ
Ǿռȡ֮ʳ֮԰һ̴üѣǾΪȱٺȻû·аȱľЩ
ֻҪѩ̿Ʒضж£Ϊˡ
ȽύҪΪؾʱȻܽĹϵλδľ֮ϹϵӿɻֻȨƵĻӣԷȱǮȱʣȱֻҪպƭƻһ
ϵʱ˽ӺӦϣӾ͵ſȥɡ
ʱﵽ߹Ҫüµ·̣Ҫȥһݸϵ翡ϴ߶翡ϡ
ʧ꣬ȷ翡ô룬ðļҲǣҲȻȥơ
Ψһҵľ±ִ󲿷ʲõǼٵǸһѪͳ̼
ֻ֮ǰ
գÿδϾͿʼȥոһҲ¥Ķ¥ţһֱô죬š
һ֣һŮһﱧһ۵ޡ
Խ˵˯һЩʱգɶԣȴѾ֮á
·߽һȦˡ
֮ǰ۵ЩʻϢޱѻͻȻȥЩһҹķˣׯ磬ȴýᡣ
ûס¥Ͳظţô󣬿ȥһҳׯ
Ҳ˹ȥ.ȥʱ̧ͷһۣ۵죬ûͷˣӦǱ߹Ǳ߹ģ뵽⣬֪뵽ʲôʲô漴۵Щʪ
ʱڵϵ·һ±סȣͷü۾С.ģС첲ģף˵˵˱
ﱻһ۵.ĺӱ
ＫΪ׽С§Ĳӣֹ˵ŻȴУҲĺţָЩе
վҲ֣ӣ
Ҳ漴תͷ濴ִֺģҧָͷͻȻЦ¶С졢졭
תͷſС٣֮ǰģ߰˳۵ЩʪȴͻȻ˿⺢ţиУĻʱȥЩ¡
ϣָˣҪԼֻܸ֪ʮǰĺӾˣʹͬҪȥȴΣյģҪСر
մ֪ǱģǾӲܣͬģƽӽᱻơ
һ˳ܻţͻǰⱲӺúТ˳Ҳˡ
ˣǾ͵ǰȻСءһһ
ǻͺЦЦλܵܣÿÿضһСĽӣ͸ˡ
˵̫Ҳ̫죬ѹûع񣬽ʶλֱѾûӰ
ܽͶռ䣬Ͽã׽ŹѾڣų
ڶʹ˳ǣһֱͣڴ̽С˵ĵط͵ֽǮһЩƷ˹ȥ
һֱߵдƵķĹǰűϵǼˣûסȦˣƫͷݺһЦһϯضںöƱһڻϣһˣ˵˵㣬ʲôҪһ˶ȥںˣûˣҲˣİҲ롭Ҳġ
ˣʱζںڣ֪һ棬ôҲӦǺҲУ֪ĸ֪ҲģģԺĲˣһӡ
񡭡ʹ˵ȴҲû˵ˡ
һֱڷͷãվűģʯͷôɵҲˣˣͶȵңŪŪ˾ȥ㣻ҽһţҾͻÿ춼žƹ㣬ˣȥϡҪǵȲȥͶ̥ˣ±ӡҵ㵱ֵܺˡ
ܵͺᣬỺɱתߵʱ򣬵ûסһᡣ
ֵˣһ㶼롣
ƣõȵҡ


86 
ûز, ֱ͸ǰݸ
Ҫȥݸһƣ翡պãڵĻҪȥһ˱߹һ翡
;ҪԼ, Ϊǳս۰ȹѹȡԷΡ
ռʵҲóƷ, ó, óģ𲻱ҪĻɡ
ԣɴЩ׷ȥͨ͵߹, мǮպһЩ
͸·ʱ, ˿ռ䡣
ҵ֮ǰһЩ
֮ǰǹ¶, ֮ΪѧѴٹһ¾ǹݿʬ塣
, ϾʸߴҲ, ֻǴþ, ſԸ˻Ҳ졣
ʦʬ廯ױ, ѧ˸һ, æʱҲ֡
ԣ֮ǰ翡ʱ򣬶װȥģʱÿɲ
Ҫ翡, ǾҪ֮ǰģڵʱкӣͷ񹤵ַȵһɻȥ翡֪Լݣݡ
쵽ݸǰòˣѰ˼ջȥš
ǰլӵȶõԭȻǲסˡ
뿪ȥ䱦
һ̤䱦󣬱վڹ̨õƹŵ㣬ĸɽֱӵڵϣ͵ؾϲӣ
ĲֱԽ̨ϽƵһԣĵ˽ǰȷǰվŵʧӣ״Σ챣챣ӣ¶ˣ㲻֪үݸ˺ü飬ΪΪ
ƹȦ̲סˣӾиһ⼸һֱϰµģҪݼҵҲ޲øүһȥӡ
ļȻǸǻ⼸˵£ⲻˣˣˣ
أƹĸϽףүЩҲòУһմɴೣסݸðլӣСȥ֪ͨ
ҪҪ翡̸ֱȥϡ
翡ǹĽ飬翡̰Ǯ䱦;ΪУȻˣǶԷҲΡ
ֻѵǣҪ翡ţԼľ֮ǰ
˵ϵΩΩФȴ֮ǰͬ
ִʱСʱ˿õһЩȻ뽹£ɸͷȴԿҲݲ١
Ͼ峣źȥ֮ǰľǸլ
ƹĸӴ෢ֲˣ翡ȴ
˵縮ʱպҪɫص翡һ̧ͷͿƹԼɵۣŵɴֱۣӳŽ
ܱʱ򣬸Ͻ̧֣ͣ˻ûȫɵסܱ
翡ֵģûκ书ϲһ
翡ȴǺۣ㡭ֱǲҲŶɣ
Ѿö˿Ͻڰ֣Ƚ.ȥ˵
翡鷿ˣ翡Ӽ侲ھò̫ԣüͷߡ˵ҲǸıģɸĸоĪܲһ
ܳߵǲܳͰɣ
óΪǰҴߣ岻ɤӡ
翡ЩҲɹǲʲô⣬㡭ôˣ
ң֮ǰѾˣֻˡóһˮճϵһⶫֻн翡
ճϵļҲֻнһ֪
翡⳹ˣŽһȦģ⼸ꡭܿˣôҵæûʵʲôҪݡ
ɿһ˺ܶ꣬ѡ⻰û˵٣⼸귢¶˵֮ҪҰ£³֮ǰ֮ǰļƻ
翡Դ֮˿ûٻɽʼݸԼЩӵⶼ˵һֱͨ˵ڡ
翡˵꣬̾һЩӼ֮ǰķֳɣֻЩǷǮóá˵£Կһ£һҪ⣬ԸһҳǮԼӣֻһ㣬ҽֻΪһ£Σգԣպұǣһ𣬿֮ǰǺϿЩӣҳ£뿪֮ǰιɵӶת㣬Ҳٵһ
翡͵վ㡭ʲôҲҪ
ұУΪҪĽǮҲԺܻ֡ȻҪΣգԼЩӣҿ԰Щɷת㣬㸶Ǯɡ
˵ʲôҺֵǵȵģϵɽ»𺣣Ҳ㡣翡ɵԷʧôãҪ鲻һ㡣
ͬģǶԷȵģҲŶԷȻڣѾź·
ɿ˺ϻȻͬˣ˵˵ڶ£ҪһףתһܹʳһҪһҲҡ
翡֣һ㣿һһ㣿
ѰճԵ֣ٴһЩҲɡϾôཫʿˣԻ໻һЩѳԲѳνܱûԵǿ
翡ȻﲻԣǱҪֶ٣
룬㼸ʿ֡
翡ΪԼˣ˵ࡢ٣
ɵ˵ģûסЦ֡ʿ˵Ҫٶֵʳһܷһٶ֣Ҳˡ
翡
³һϣþûڡ
ɴһδ̼꣺ֹ׳ɫãӦһܻ֮ͨͬʣµǮɶ¡
翡ѾԼľˣҪٶ£
ӣ˵ֱ֮ס䣬ɡ
Ȼ翡ûסʧ̬ŲԣϽס죬ٴ⿴˿ȷûˣСĽϣ㡭Ҫôඬ¸ûط
ûҴӱ֪һЩ£֪ɣ£³͵߹صԼ£ʱһоͻϮ߹һʧأܿľ󳣹ա֮ǰׯõʮӣЩҾġû취ֹֻܾһౡ֮
翡Žã͵Ĩһ㡭ԸɣҪôҶ㡣
翡˵ܶ໰ĳݵģЩ߶û˵ڡ
Ǳ߹Ǳ߳ģ֪սĵʲô
翡ûʽ֪ģܿͿʼȥϵңһլӣÿĹȥʼѿռһŪеķ䶼
˰£翡ϵˣȥǸլӣȿô෿ʳ翡ԼⱲӶûô࣬ȴҲ֪ⶼǽ׬ѪǮ
Բó
ȫ翡ɣеʳ֮翡ʼʳԼ£ֻǷֿܶңֱ͵߹زԶһСء
ǩԼ֮󣬽翡ǰ߹ء
һ󣬾ǡ


87 
Ĳ¥Ϊ龩º֡
˵˼ֱ޲ýս
ǲ֪һ̴жô, Ŷˣ߹ຮɾʱ̣ǲôţЩӪԼﾹȻˣ
جĴ, ƫƫй첻֪ӺδϢȻʼ
ǧһ֮, ͻȻһ㹻нʿŹȥԼ
찡, ôܣǵöʳôôࣿȻ˵˵͵ĺġ
ΪЩԼ, ԭѹʿͻȻ, ֱӽо仨ˮ, ȫʤ˵˺һڲˮ漱, ЦЦ, ǲǺܺԼµôֵģ
ǲŲʲôаŵ, ˵ɣڹؼʱ򡣡
˵ЦЦ, ݵȷǴ, ʵҲ࣬Ϊṩݵģһ̼֡
ʲôܰɣһ̼־ȻṩôݣЦɣ˵ˣҵ, ˭ҵ̲ס࣬Ҫǣøࡣ
˵ˣԲ˵λү˵ǽŤת񽫡Ҳû£ԷȷУҵķᡣӦö֪ǰǴϵǼɣ
˷׷ףȻǵãдаĲУ˵ΩΩФǻһ㣬˵ҹﻹܷ⡭
Ǵδֻϧ˵ϼΪϲʹԼܶ챦ϲ
ϧûܼ
ֻλִ󷽵̼ʲôϵ
˵ŽأǾͲ֪˰ɣ˵ׯΪһλִ̼ģʱʮƽ𡣡
˵һüһʮƽ𣡡ⱲӶûôӡ
ڲԾģ̲סæ˵Īׯ׼̼־λݵģ
˵źףȻλԷ˵Сڱ֮أҲΪսûģԺǲ뷢սңŲϧ㾡УҲΪԷ󷽣˵ʱܶ฻̹Ҳ׷óǮð졣
Ȼ𸻣ִģǱȲãΪ̫󷴶֮ģλ֮ʿأҪؼνŶ԰ϾɢҲư
˵ЦЦ˵Եͻƹ˵ΪλүǾǣλүͶԵɴΪӡ
ʲôλȷವһȥ˰˵һʿụ̼̃ĩɳΪӣպٻ֮
˼ɢҲǶ
˵˺ܿ˵ģѹ.ȥ׷׶У²λһɳΪүӵֵ̼Ǻˡ
ڲ¥һ￴Ŷ͵Ц翡ЦüëһһɵģһۣЦʲôЦ
翡ָү
үˣҲ֪ôġ
óôӣ϶ǾѾٲŻܳôҵס
翡Ŷһͷ췢ü۾µǻ˵Ĺӣݰףݰ㣬֪ĻΪļҵĹӣѹͭζ̼֡
ͷȾɺɫֱӲٴٷ֮ǰĺҲȡˣָ˱Ŀһˣ翡Ҳһʼž.޵ڵˡ
ϾȻÿģɿҲϰˣһҲȷûɶÿģ⿴С
翡Цˣôһ
ΪҪŽʿȻߵò죬ֱˮ·ǰʮ졣
ۣȻǿʼðӡ
˵רἰǰҲģΪľǴͷһӿȻ䱦󣬶ԽԽõĶԽЩƽĴٹˡ
ôλײβӣȻҲС
˵λԴںӼô¶棬һ˶ߵ죬Է治ףԣֻ˶öԷ
öԷȻжԷҪġ
翡侲ȥ죬֮ǰҾֵܹˣⶼˣ඼̽ĲˣֻǡͷǮھ֮ӿɲˡ
һۣЦЦ˵ȱľǽӡ
ݶÿռʳﻻģռʮӶû˵һӣǶ򼸼Ҳǿɵġ
Ҫ䱦ȻҪǮһЩȿһ䣬ӣİ취ʱٲҲҪǮ
翡ٶȺܿ죬ҵһ侩λüѵӡ
ӲȴҲСҪ㡣
ֻ۸񲻱ˡ
ȱǮȥ֮òӵ˱ǵסļ۸ߣϼҪһǮֻˡ
õ֮ûҵ翡˰Ҫװһ¡
ûװãľӵ˳⡣
õϢ翡ȥ˳
ü۶ЦˣչϵĿףһȸ
⺢ӣϷһؾ㲻Ը⣬Сˡ㹻游ʱ˼Ϊ
ôɴΪӡ
ЩĸʿȻҲԸģλӣܻܲһ
ĿıȻûʹʹ캰常
ԽҲԽԽϲģҲãҲû⣬ȻͷһʼǼʱǴˣɵû˺һƣ˷ɫ֮⣬ǻߵġ
ҪȻʵټܴɴһţԵһ룬ʵߵ
һ󣬡ߣϷɱϷˡʱ֪ݱյʱ򣬼ֱϵҪٵȻоǱҲõϢʼ춯
Ҫƴһʱ⺢ѩ̿
ҡͷ常ϣǵպлᣬΪ󳣵һӼȻȻҪһģȻҾӹ
ͿüΪʵˣԭôһѴүͻȻһɫôõģλǴǸյӣ
ɡôô᣿
ڹˣϵû¶κ飬ҲȰ䣬ȻƼɫ˲٣ֻǱܾˡ
̫ʵ䷴
ͬ˾ȴδһȥԼðլӡ
ջȥûã͵õﴫ빬
һ·ּĹϽķȥ
лһң½ͷһν¶ӣ٣ȵ˹ſڣûٻֻܽ͵⿴Ž˹
ǵһνԴӻȴΣҲΡ
ټҪνĲǻʹ͵ЩֻҪϼǴټǵˡ
ϳô˫۾ţ˻벻ϣɾʹȥ²ʱܴǣʱ򣬾ǲ֪˭ȳס
һ·ͷλͷĹû̧ͷһۣҲλ̲ס࿴һۣΪӵģǶø߿һۡ
ȴ룺ǲ֪νܲδİ׵ۣܴϻҲãܰԼͼɫݹȥԷӲӲǺ󻰡
˼˲ǣһжǿ̸


88 
Ź鷿, ȴ󣬵ͷ.ȥ
û̧ͷ̼֣Ϊԭ, ⱲӶżϵ档
, ꡣؾؿͷ
Ϸһºʴȵɤ, ɡ
Ҳû̧ͷôվһԡ
ϻʵ۶ûȤ, ֻΪ˵˻, ˵ⳡս۵Ĺټ
Ǹġ
ֻһ, ֻϻʵ̸֮󣬰ڰ, ּɡ
, ѵֱӾ͸ˣǵ棿
һּ, ֹͷ, 鷿ĵذ, ǲ֪ʵۻΪιʹƽп϶Ҫеģڱǲ⣬ǲʵ۴߱䱦
Ͼǻʹ͵ģѹȥ߳֡
ʹҲû, ƽʵڡ
룬һελóʥּʼˣʵگԻͿ๦͡ȡطΪӣ֮λͻƽǧ޳С
û̫ǰͷЩ秵ģ̫Ȥص㵽ʱŶ䣬ʲô
Ϊӣ
ɣ
үļ̳˲ܵõİɣ
һôԼֻˣ
ð춼ûعֱͿһӣּ
һع񣬴ŵ̧ͷͶһźЦŵģɡҲ̫
ʥּˣֻӲͷƤ¡
һ̼֣ôţҲûֱӷΪӵ
ϻʵ۱ǿһĩȵ̼֮ϻһֲڵѪͳƫƫ˵ĳ֣ȴЩʱһֱ⡣
ʤ̣Ҫôʹ͡
Ϊû뵽һʼû뵽ϻʵ۵ĿģȽּվһϻʵ̸һЩˣ侲ϻʵôԭ
ϻʵۻǡĹذ
һ̼֣ȻͻȻֱʹݣλһ°θߣͬģͻȻͷģǱŹѹҲۡ
ͽȴûʵȨҲ൱ڸͷȴݰһ
ɸݣϻʵ۵õȴܶࡣ
һǣӣ֮λҲ㵽ͷϸʹͣҲͲؼʹͣϾϻʵôɣȻ߸
ڶμôѼĶ£֣ϻʵʹͬڸЩʿڶǺõ˺ӣͬڶҲӣ£ĵһֶΡ
ǾȻ٣ϻʵ۵һλؾӣʱвԸɴ֮λͭζ̼֣ռ˺úõһλá
һãֱһд޳˽
ӹüͷΪ˲鷳һֱЦǵ˶Ķ͡
ģźЦЦˣ֮λˣ
̾Ϣ常ôʤ̣ӦøģϸңԾǡɵ㡣
ֽû˵ڡ
ѹļ򣬡常Ҳã常Ҫʲôݣ绢Ҳܶࡣο常ôȨȨ̫Ҳ˵ǡ
ãҲ̰Щ
ҲµˣԲŲ⡣
һֱ֪⺢Ӵͨ͸ûΪ֮λʧңԼѡˣ常֪㲻ǣ͵常˽ģ常ֻһŮ˼̫ƣ常ֻһ졭
常ģһúûġ
ûĴԭĹ켣Ⱦӵ³ֹһݡ
ʥּһһλӵϢһʱʹ龩ǡ
ҲϢ鷿
λô£ʹҪʹͣҲֵܸôɾȻѴõĹøһ֪ðСӣ
ĻŸϽȰһĵ˺Ͷӷֻǿѹŭ⣬û棬ȥһݺ񣬵֮칦磬ٴŻȥ
ɼʹ֪Ҳɫܲÿ
ⲻֻ֪һȻֱӳү
Ľʵһѣֻ뵽Էһ־Ǽٶݼϼǿûĺ
ûסգ̽ۡĸңʼ̽Եĵ˰
ԲڸΪɶˡ
翡߻װӣͻȻϢֱĶȥҽ
찡һүˣ翡ûסŽתһȦôҲû뵽гһգȻܸһλү¡
Ϳһ͵͵
翡޵İɣж˼ް
ȴЦЦ㵹ǿԷģֻҪһӵͷֻҪǾͲ
ΪıȨСô꣬Ҫ˵ˡ
Ϊ뵽ҵЩòȻαӣ뵽Ƶͺ޲ýҡ
翡ͻɫһ治°
ʲôһͲøͷüֵˣЩ˲Ż
ŰɣӹųŲ˼վͻá
λּղŽ
ǷҲһ䱦
ΪӼպڸϯΪأ˲ӡ
ǰ˶ź񣬼ߵĽƯ
ҲŶˡ
ºͣûһӦŵ
ȻָôͻȻһλӣ֮ǰҲ˵ˣλܣǸⳡ̴úǼԶԽӡ󼫺á
ﲻȴţӣ뽹̸Ҳ˿ûпϵģ˳ޡ
Ϣϻʵ۵ǶⷴӦ⡣
ᣬλҲˣҲ˼Ȼֻ˵һ仰ȴҲ档
Ψһϧǣλӣֻ˹һݺӹǲʲδǰ
λһ򲻺Ⱥûӡһ㣬ȴҲûжԵ˼
һֱ۲죬Ϊκǰ㲻ϲѵǺʲô
Ȼϧûӣ˼ˣҪ̤һ
ϯ󣬶ͬһ
óһУݸ㣬һμ棬û뵽Ҫʲôһݣı⡣
ͦ죬ȴҲӣ˹ܿ˸ӦҸøм
˳ִ򿪣ֻǵƼ۶ĿĶ׹ס
һΣǼΪʯ鱦
ܶɫõʯɴ԰ΪһȴԻΪ
ˣһײѰĻɫʯǰ㣬ͨ͸峺һĸоЩᷢҫĶֲѣЩᷢǣ
ЦЦһˮʯȽҴӹģ˴ĥãɻϲ˵ˮʯʵʯͲŮӲϲʯĶ
Ȼǻϲţǻĺöμֱ͵ÿ֡
λЦݸϲ٣ˡ
ҲΪ죬Ȼ˽ŮӵΣͷһμλôϲλ¾ֵ̼еֶΣ£һ
һˣǰһԼҪӣһ˵бʯΣü۶Ц뿪
źӣСӵǻ㻶ġ
ЦǱϷóһУǸ常ģƣ
򿪣һذףͷ׺ʯЩϡɵȴذףһ۵׷Ź⡣
ȼʶذ࣬ǰ֡
ȻźûλӣշŲǣ
ڶȥӣǿҵӡ
翡׼ñڣһ죬翡վһԣЦпΧֵܿˣֻ۵ȴûЦ⡣
ҲģҲһһƷ󣬼ȻʼǾȴˡ
ͬһʱ̣治ԶĲ¥¥ĵ
򿪣վһԳ¿һ˸ողɨ۵׵ĺ̲סﴽЦЦλӿǸЦ滢ز¶ЦûƢɸոƼûոɴ˶һۻͦ˵ġ
ǲǣҿˣ˵һλλתջߣ»ص᷿ǰվڱŴԣү
ӴۣĽëסĺڵͫʣǰң׵ָһöӣδڣ¶Ĳ䵭ֻûκһ


89 
˶һ, ʵʵվһ࣬꣬һǰңһ˿ѯ, үλӵݴ̽, Ǳ߹̼, ôɻˡ
Ǳûϵڴ֮ǰû¹, ˵, еļҲһǰ̡
Ͼһ, źܶϡ⣬סֵ̼λ͡
ͻȻͳү, ûʵȨ, ǶպضǽԴϡ
ڵĻ, δ̣һ, ͵Ӹ, ʵ϶ǰͰźõģֵεĸ
ףү˵λӸһΣϡĲ, һ¶ƣ˼£
ȻҲҵķᣬǶӵңȻֶ֧ߡ
ھ꣬
ԴǰЩ±ֱӿ˺еģҲû֮ǰô˵
ʱԹѰǮֵ֧ģλ³ֵӿɲõѡ
Ǯݵͣ
常ǶӵϵλҪǺү˵ɲǺ¡
ɫһֱģֻվ̰һԵ
ӽӹδ˽ֻޱԼϵá
ߡ
Ӹϣס񹲷ߵ
ĶһۣүǲǲǱ˶ӣ
˵үҲϡ£һ̼֡
λǣүΪϧҲϧӣĶҲϲ
ӾҪ뿪ʱͻȻʲôү˵ǰʵٳׯϵǷݷǳλ֮֡
ӵĶһ٣ͣȴû
ĵ˳һۣһﻹĺĺ֪ǰʵٳʱպþǡλ
ЩǱǧǰ£Ǻãһͺͳˡ
ҲԼһԼ죺ˣ˳˵ˡ
ȴʱתסȫģɫ޷̽ȴ̧̧֡
ڳĲĿ£ֱ̧뿪
˶һۣүͬ£ˣ
ȴǶˣֻҪϻʵ۲ʹ£ү
κһƾǲϻʵκ
үͲϻʵףٵĶүǼһһ
⿪ź֣ᣬ֪ϢõģԼóŮ䱦һҵϣλҲͶˡ
պʱźÿڡ
翡ֱдһĿˡ
һѰεȣǹز٣ڵ㣬ǵͬׯ꣬ǽӵ۸ȻҲ
ûУ˷ֱӴһ㡣
ǸտҵʱʱҲ¥к
ӴӶĲ¥ʱޱʱ̧ͷۣȴסˡ
ֻտҵ¥ϺȻ֣䱦
ĿҲӲҲûҴߡ
ʱͻȻԼ޹Ƿү̧̧°ֱͣ
㵣үôˣȻҪȥһͷ
ɲʲôû໰ĺ̤ܿ档
ѾߣޱĻһǣЩš䱦󡱵ңݸǼ䱦ΪĶЩֻ˶ȥڶҵƷ
һȥӦûܸˡ
ԭݣڻͲ٣ҲԭͼΪɫüչƲߡ
翡ȥ˵Ǳ˵ʱ̴Ӷ¥ȥ
ʱڽˡ
翡ѹӸͷʹˣгģӵĽ档
˼ҲͺԣӦҲڡ
Ц߹ȥųѡһ䣬Ӹģ
ƫͷͶϽżΪ˵ݣü۾£һ˫ҲþˣǵЦ˳С
֮ǰ¥ԶԶһע⵽ǶԷ۵׵Լһͷ췢ôһľԼôһ˲㶣λӾȻô
˵ָоǳþȻŮӻҪ£ȴҲΪԷǿЦŵʱȴһѹȸС
ָܾоеϤ˺
ƾүм
Ķӵӡ˲٣ӣСӸˡ
ҲѰͷЦЦҪģ
ףȷȻ
ȴ̧̧֣˵翡רһУ򿪣¶ɫԸõģͷһԵҾһ֪ɻϣ
ĵǲ࿴λһۣû˵ֱⵥϾڴû˵Ҫȴһõģó飬ʱཻһ
үû˼ǵλҲܾ
үȻͬ⽻ãʹˣȻˣСľȴ֮
̽ԷˣҲ˵λӹȻע⵽ûܾǾҲĺ۵׵Цϲ٣ﻰ֪ӿڴˣҳէһ֪ɷ㣿
û뵽λֱӵڣͲ´Ӳ죿
һӿû˽үȻҲΪүҲû
Ͼˣүﶼǻ˺ߵųġ
ûҴֱӹȥŽлصǰӵĻ˵ˡ
ֻ˵귢öû
ޱÿĻһǣԽվĳڶվһˣҲ߿üЦţһ̲ס߬
ոտȥʱôһ˲ЦݾִΪ˻ˡ
ɵٶһƣλüۺ֮
Ҳǣı䡭Ĵˡ
ʹٴӿӱĻ¡
ȥӣ
ԶжȥǿϧȻҲ˼պлᡣ
ż
ҹӸԺ⡣
˴ֱۣͷۣ۵¶ǣѹү.ȥܾˣϴλЩ⡭϶Ҫಡˣʣ
İһۣôȥطү˭ýһꡣ
Ҳ˶үҲ¶ӹܵס
̾ϢͷҲۣȴûشܱȡ˺á
٣и롣
Ǵοҵ֮һֱڵӸϵһȥնû
ȥ̽翡һ󱭲ˮˣ¶ûϷӲˣҽȥ˺üˣ˵ͦصġ
ˣüû˵׵ûʵǰӹô
ҲֻƬԵģҲ׵۾Լ̫ѹûд
翡ȵҡţɲǣܺһһ롭
һۣŵģ϶٣ܻʮš
翡ˣ㻹㣬ܻꣿ
ÿֱȥ׼黹
õĻᰡӲˣǲӦȥ̽
Ǳİ


90 
ûκγ, ˵Ͱ졣
翡ȥⷿѡһϺõ˲Σ¼ʮӿϣҧѡ˰ϵģϾ޼, ȱǮڱ߹ʱרȥɽյġ
ռﻹгɷָõ, ó
翡ѡ˲ٲƷ
翡۵òУĶҪ͹ȥǲ̫ѪЩ
㲻ص, ᲻úײǣδĻʵۣȻҪվ, Ǿͳվ, ˵, 㲻֪պᵱʵۣҲֶ֧ӡ
뵽Щ, 뵽Сص, ԭŵǳ, 翡˸
翡ûٶ졣
˵ҪȥӸ, ȴȥ˸к, ˵֮ǰҵ˳˸û죬ȥƣõˣԺӰ졣
һǿݵ, 뵽ǣûվȣȷõˣ˵֮ǰڽʿϻôǮȷҪ׬
ȥģڡ
˵ˣ⼸ʱܿƺһӸΡϸմӣ¶ţ͵㲹ƷҲãȲ˵ģӦͦá
˵֮˾ȥӸ˵Ҳɣſڣˡ
ɫôһ˲䣬漴¶Цº͵Цݣô⣿˵ȥơ
үǸϲ̨Сӣͷүⲻ˵²ˣպ֮ǰһ֮ԵûʲôöǲƷҩĶ࣬ѡЩ͹Ц޺ͷĺ췢üһЦչöҲ̲ס࿴ۡ
СӵǳòűǸϻ廹һЩ
룬ƺе벻峤ʲôҲ鷿һΣڼԷǴߣֻǵóüãɹôãҲ벻
岡ˣϴĶڹʶ࣬ȻûʶӣҲǴƽƴ
͵ֺãȻʱȹһ
ŰɣˣϴĿ϶ס
ЦЦȻˣǸһȥȾҲʱ߶ܣ˵㳤úҲã㣬ҪԴ
⽻ýϾһ־óʿǼҲķᣬƵƵÿιȥҪǮģǲ졣
ֳɵĽ⣬ȡɵӡ
ֻĪ彻ã
ϻȣȴҲ£ģ̲Ů⻰ġ
ǣһ£һԸϣ̸
ԭӸ֮ܶӣҲӵĶ磬⸮Ὣ֮֮⣬õĻǰðײá
ȻӸĹܼһ̾ӭã˵ȥѯһӡ
ֻһȣյĹ
ܼҴųҴҹڹ۹λүľǶӣ׼ҵΪٲ˹ֱʣȻҪڶͷϡ
үֻ֪һѪʱֻӲء
ʵУ˺
һǰ͸ϽЦСļ£ӣλõȣʵдܡֻǵӼǰž齲λʱɸպҩ˯ţǡ
˵ϹֺĻ˵
ι˵̽ʵҲӸϻһ꣬ƽʱȴӼ档
һܿ״ԪڵԵʱԥӶڵĻӣöԷĻ϶
ϴǾöԷưмעܼ̳дͳȴô롣
ҽҲ˵ˣԷɤû⣬˵˵ǲɵ⣬һһ˵أߣһǼװģܿͷأ
ƽˣȴǸᡣ
ӹǲѣ⵽ʲôôôأȻˣȥһ۲ŷģٲбɼѾչһ⸮ﶼСˣⲻѾϸġ
˶һЦҪүϲŮӽ̷Сʵ
Ǳȥܣҩ˯²££͹ȥĵȵȣܵİΣҪ£ⲻۿһﲻ̤ʵ˵ţֱԺȥûˣ治ҡ
ܼҵ˿ڶҡҡͷ
ֻÿ
ôţû뵽ôȻ˶ˣο϶ܼˣ˵˵ϻӣͿһȵңҲµģһ𰡡
˵ڳһص´Ҵȥڶ
üģһģҲ̫ʡġ˸ƣʱӰϢһǰǰԺ
ڶԷԷӣʰĺܸɾȴҲģһ·϶ˣ˵Ǻˡ
Խ˵ȴǺ£ǮǺã˵ûǮ׻˵úǮʹĥһӽӴ򶯲û£Ǿӣ
Ĳ鲻ԸŽǵǰԺʱֻĸſڣǸ
۳ģĴţӭ.ȥ˶ͷүӣүҩ˯£ǻҪһʱŻѣ⡭
ĵѹõ͵͵ģҴŵ᷿ҵˡ
Ŷߣڰ֣ްͿһۣɡ
һ仰˵θڶֻǵȿһЩԶԶƼҵĴϱǲһˣߵĴ£ֻˣӿҲģ᷿Ũҩζ˼֣ղǲߵġ
Ҳûȥֱӻص䣬ϣŪһңѹ⣬ŵ
ĵҲ޷ֻһ̷ڲ࣬˳ȥ
һأ˵ȥ裬ѳˡ
ȹǵĻźҲ֪ʲô⣬Ͳˡү˯ˣ
ܴʲô⣬ȷүǲư͡үǸүĨһòС
￩һ£ȥ֮ǰүǻ˯ţ
ĹǷᣬү֪ʲôجΣͻȻˣȻ󡭡ȥ˺Ժšڱѡⶼʲô¶ͷŵǸǼװģˣϽȥô죬һһֱȥҲһֱѰ취үӱŪү⻹ţǲҪ˰ǰүȻҲȥҲûôƵǰûôãôȥΣԿס
Ҳµԣҵ顣
ĵˣŴҴһصߣˣ
ŵ˰ʱܾͷǸŵľӣϾ֪飬ľˣôһһڰʱѾϡ
ԡ²
˲ٲˮѰͷҪȥޡ
ĲߣصӵصǶӣһС˴ȥé
߳ɿɼ˶ͷϵĺΪӲ˷䶼ǹŵģ·ݣȵ˶ˣ߱ȷ磬ȵ˵طˮ
ߵʱȴͻȻŶӰһ
С˽ſȥүôˣ
ŶӣˣҹǹĲˮ̫ˣܲסǽһ۵ϽȥǸͤЪЪ
С˲ҵ飬Ͻȥͤ
ͤｹ׵ˣͷҲ亹קС˵䣬ҡҿ첻ˣȥˣ졢ȥ
СҲˣ߰˵˲뿪λүһΪŶӣ˶ȥǰԺˡ
ɿģαֻҧҧүɲ߰Сȥȥͻء
װ۵˵ڰ֡
Сҧҧˡ
˺ü£ϸţȷûˣҲа߱ţװ۵òеģôʯŲ𣿱ӿˡ
ôֱͦͦ˺ü飬һ·˳ߡ
ˣҪװĲȥҪûˣٺò¡
ӽעˣܴᡣ
Ҳǽˣעڶװ·һֱԺͻȻǰͷжһϽڲݴ
һ϶ԶԶƼǸһ˴ҴҲԺȥɫҴҵģɫÿضֲ
ԶԶţΪԶһʼû峣˵ģɵȵ˲ԶԺڵĹţԭ볣˵ͻȻȽͻȻǲһ˲䣬Ժʲô˵һըˡ
ܵġ
ô￴棿˵ǳվ˻ʬ壬һģһСصģһߣȻǵСص棬񡭡ǰ
ôܣ


91 
ҰһƬ, ҧɫҴҵƹԺȥˡ
϶ֽᷢĴڣֻʱŵıﲻϳӣһϼӲͬһԲô죿
֮ɵĺѾǲ˵ȥ
Ҵȥ, ٳһүᶳͷ
һֱӱԼǿ侲, , ȴ̲סһϣҲҲ滹˵СҲҲ˵Բԣ
ϣ룬, ϣԽ, ʱܲסһεʧ
ܿع, һݺĨһ, ٸȥ, Խ, Ҫ֮ǰ뿪ķȥʱϸ΢Ķ, Ͻ¶, Ϊ±֣ζЩԶ
ֱҴҵĽŲԽԽڰųһӰ֮ǰһ沢ûһ
Լڽ䣬, Ͷռ䣬ٳһҪΪʲôûȴҪŪʬ֮ǰΪСصһ䣬һֹסĵ׵˼ʹࡣ
ôһ˿ϣԼʶ棬֮ǰδӴˣ˵Ǵ䴾ܴģΪЩܴ˲֪֪ͨСأ
ûֽƽʱԺδ˸ҹЩûӣϸ˲࣬İҲȥӶӣҲöӹԺ
ǵǻһӡ
ȳ뿪ȥʱķȴµӭײϣһû˳뵽ǸС˴ҧ浽ʱ˵
治ʶЩȲ֪ࡣ
˵ʱΣգͶռȥ
ӽųոմҴҳķǱߣһ·һ˶ûУԺ侲һԷüŲᣬȴҲܡ
ҪͷһЩϸ΢ĽӡƽʱûԱĵطɸɾģֻб߹ĵطЩңϸ΢ǰߣֱߵһȻһˡ
֣ûųĶȥˣ
վһֻ˿˿ӿ˴ֱۣȣûûôʣ.ֳǰһѣʱھʯеʯƿʱĺ͸
ǲδؽһƾͿˡ
ѵ
ȷҧҧ˱ѣ˳ŸºϣΪ˷ֹ³ȥ֮ǰһһ϶
һУ̧ߣֻһ.ȥʱΧ˷һֻһɽʯߣȴȻʡĿռܴĴǾ޴ı飬ǽǶž޴ҹ飬Ϊǣ磬ֲЩǻһڻ
ıΪ֣Χһ֣һ֣ı޽ĺܺ񣬼ֻһСͨĿҪȸ˿Ὣڻ档
Խߣ߲ſȻľǶҹ飬Լ͸ı㣬·ѩصı硣
üëͷϼȾһ˪˶̫ˡ
һȦδлˣ沢δΨһֵģǳܵľ޴֮⣬ıһθı顣
ԭδע⵽ⶫôԽԽǹײģѵǸף
ǸףʲôǱȥûסһȥ
ֱߵǰǽµĳЩԣĿŵʱôһ˲ΪԼΣһİ㱵ĸоɵɵվڱǰ漴ʹȫ˪ȴȻܿ̽ݵꡣ
ű꣬İϤİΪδôϤΪ.ʮꡣ
ŵĲǱˣ֮ǰʬ壬ֻʬ弴ʹŪøɸɾûκѪۣɺһѪȴԤʾŵؿڵɥ֮⣬ǸҲ˹һ
űԼûסһᣬ֪ΪʲôˣСûҲûʲôϡˡ
ӸıԼ壬뵽λͻȻֵӣλʧ״Ԫɡ
űԼ˿ڣͻȻΪʧ
һȴЦӿԽˣ۵׵ʪԽӿ۵ף֫ٺӿͷ.ģȾѹȴңƻţš
ڽ̲ס.ȥһԼʱȴһ
һ㶣ոΪ̫ûֱﲻ֪ʱϢ˵ڶˣʱվĽṣĲϡ
ûҲϢġ
ͷ۵׵ڱǰıϣһˮΪոµԼѹ˲δһʱɱ
ӣԼûϢӦǸ˵£˿̼Ͳµ˭ߣȴûҶһĲܲɱ
̾ϢһСأҾһˣҪɱˣҾˡ
ڵ˲䣬ԸоϵĽ£漴ȴѹѹֻȴδٶ
ʱתϵĽĶȻϢṣĲϡ
֪ԼһΣܲµƵ˼ҪɱҲѪԣӦǲˡ
վţ̧ͷϿȥһ統ֻ꣬ȴϴƲݣŽ֣ǻɻҲʶơ
㿴㣬Լҵ㣬һģӦ£ЩҺʳԹ㵱͵ΣҶûĽҪһһҿľˡᣬƶȴصƻԴǰˣԷĸоϤǰȷİġ
ɶԷĻȴΪĳֹֿס.͵׹ΣһζԷ֪һζԷȴģֻˣûеڳǰȴ֪ǡ
ǡ
µ촽һ£ϸ룬£¼һΡ
ԴƷӣصѴã֮˵⼸죬նεȥ£εСʱųԵĺƭȥǶԷˣȴ˵ˡ
ٴʱε磬ЦŻ֣漴ȥѪȾѪܵģ˵ʲôȴκ졣
ԼʹŻģˣƣơڣܰġ
ǰ˵ʲôǸֻ˲ŻẰ֣˵ʲôȴȻϢģκ졣
ûסᣬ̧֣ժ˶Էϵߡ
ԷȻûκζ
ժ£żԲŹһ꣬ɵ˿ѾԶصģֻȴúܣںڵ۵״˿ϢģֻŽȴһս
ǰһ.סһֻԼǰ𣿻ģǻģҽʬ꣬ʵҲԣҲ㲻ţĻˡҧҧͻȻһ˿ռ䡣
ͬʱ͵ۣڻˣ͵ץ˼£ȴʲôҲûץ죬뺰ˣȴֻܷʹֻҵİʱʧӰٵٴγ֣ͬʱס֣߬ţҲɿ
߬ʧõˣǰŵһĻʶʲôԭͫעʣĽصһأ͵ذ˸߬һٴʧӰ١


92 
ôƱ, оԷҿƽϢȻҲͦôƵģǡ
Ȼôû⣬, Сذ㲻Ÿط, Ҷǽ˵Ǹ, ƾɿס졣
޹һ۳ǰѵеʻϢգգۣҾ˵˵
ɿֻĿȴһֱ̰۾, ͸˫ۿ, ߬, Ҳſ
̲סָһ·Ĳ, 뵽ΪԼһһ̱һŵ޷˵, ԭ۵Ѿٴ̲סӿ
, ˵ʲôȴֻİ, ýǱ߬, ܣƫͷתͷЦתƻ⣬ͲǼٰ, ˹ģˣһӡ
ƽҡͷţȻŵġ
Ȳ˵֮ǰ͵׶Էʱֻڣֻеʱһ֪飬Ҳ֪ţ֮⣬ҲǵʱǰͻȻʧȷǵ˴ĻԵ
ҪǣƾһΣҲˣξԸ
ھ쵽ԣָµļȣü.̽һ¶ͷֻ֣üˣ㷢Ȼܵ㲻ǲǣ˵žֱߣֻߵһ룬ͻȻʲôüӻڸ
֪СͲʱˣûжӵıҲƣҲûպÿ棬ŷ
ӵ׸һ£ֻǹҲûôˡ
ֻĿǰȴǲ̫ףһͷ㵽ôΪӵȲʣԺ㣬ȰӦߣҵȸȥЩʱ㡣
˵ţҪȥһضһȥ
ֻǽǰһ˿
ͷͿƵϣһ۶ûһͻʧ󱻽߬ţһֻ֣ȴǽ߬Žһǣ󣬺޲ýƬ½Ǹ߬Ѫ
ЩᣬĺţĿǰݲһ˻Щͷӵҿ϶Ϲ㣿
˽.ȥȴȻִĲϷ֡
ϴˣɵټԷʱȴһʬ塣
һΣҲ֡
۵׵ľȻͷۣʱȻ٣˵ǱߣǸ֮ǰǸС˷˿϶ỳɡ
ûȽ³̣⴫һ֪õʲô취үôˣǱѳ£
⣬üո󣬾ͿʼȰӳڿİȰ˳ԷȴϸȥٴλصſڣɫͻȻһͽ˱ѣ֮ûκζ
ֲҽ.ȥʹ֪ԼΣɵͷһ̣ǰүүĲܸˡ
еϤİý뵽֮ǰߵˣü뵽ʲôһۣ棿ǵҲǼٵİɣ
Ȼ뵽ʲô߬ŽȻɿ
ģý˵ͷһμС̾ˣȥӦӣ취ӺŪߣԼ취ͷҵҴ
վûȻôһʱҲֿ
Լɣ㣬͸һȥԼѡһЦеģһֻѡһ֮ǰҵһûˣģûŪ֮ǰҲߵģ˵ˣǻ׷ӣܵ˺Ҳܲǣ
ƴ濴뱩¶Ҳ֪ԼĴҡڸ²ߣ߳ճ۾ϣס
⣬ָָſڣλôͣ
ҡͷߡ
Ŵߣڱ˵ڶ֮˱ѵţֿ¿ɿɿվͷˣէȻһһ˲۵ΣһѸٳֻ֣ͬʱֱһֻζס֯ģȻӣ
ŵɴۣǣү˵ôɱ⣿ΪʲôӾȻȻҲˣҪүȻֹ
ɫһ֮ǰڽǰСģ䣬۵״ž棬һ£ɵƹȥͿһ̻ɱΣյӣһϣűΪʲô
ͿһɿҸˡ
һһָɿȻᡣ
֣׸ոշʲôͻȻѵӱˣ
ĿɿڴĹڰɿſ֣Ŀ̧ۣƴߣֻ뵽ʲô̯֣ƸһһĶҶô죿
ʱһ䣺Ǹң
뵽񲻱ͣûκγɣʹӻԼ˳
үɵˣܵǰô־͸ˣ
ҲûϾǱĶӸذ٣̹Ȼôˡ
û߳ԺͿ֮ǰǸС˴Ҵĳ
ɫӣôڱ˸Ҵǲǲ̫ã
Ŷӣոն̫ˣϾҲͷһιȥߴ·Źġ߽ͣȳҴҿʲô͵͵˵ʱ򣬽óڳǰһ´ٶ̫죬ҲͳһƼˡ
ƼˣԭĶǾôɵ㶵Žǣӵô
ӣŶӣϣǵȼˣȸϽȥɡ
˵գǰԺߡ
С˵˳ɲѣȴַǰǲ󣿿ӵơֻӲͷƤڰ֣С
ߣҪȥûţȴҲ³£С˽š
صԺ᷿ʱ͵ȵĲͷ̫ȣҩζţվͷĻ£ɫڳ廹˯ƫƫֱӰ˸ҡѣȥΪĶ̱˻ҪӼ
Ӿװ˯ģܷϣüȥĶˣ
Ŷӣθ̫ãȲֶӣˣүȻȥˣ۵òУƵҴơ
ӿ٣öԷǲˡ
ѾôãôֲģɰҲֻڰ֡
Цд˸кʹԼСˡ
ߵĺϾҪʱصǲ֪ǻʲô취
ߵӸС˸㲻״ҲҴߣôһξ룬˺ܾá
Ƚſڵʱ򣬾ͿɫŹֵվ߷һܴľӡ
һǣ
Źˣ죬ûס飬ӵںԺ͵͵үʲôͷΪʲôүͻȻǱѵλˣȻİͷݶҪȻصʲôľҪߣ
ӵôͺö˶ͷˣ
ɻҪ˵Ƿᣬޱ鹰֣ͷү˲εȲƷҲûʲô͵ģж޳иòϣѰ˼ƥүԴȥ˵үӲǸĴҽүһȥú
ǿŵģӦβõģƾһ̹ȻܣľӴϸںͷ
һæľӸ򿪣±ﻵľ͵͵ˡ
лҪ˵֣о


93 
ȽľӴ¶, ˣգѾ̧һ·ϵ·̻һ϶Ǻ, ϷȣҲˡ
ü, ôðȻӦȥˡ
Ϣľ, Ƴ˼.ֽ߬סöͷ߬ý, ˼, ߳Լߵġ
ɴ̧һֱֻ۸, ѹҲͲȥ, ʲô
Ȼûɿ
ץһ, ֻнץ, žⲻһΣ, һ, ҲȻֻǿһʧʧȥԼ衣
죬û˵, кܶ໰ʣ֪굽׷ʲôôΪӵģЩȴ֪СػŵһѾôҪ
ο޷ڣҲʵʱ֪𰸣Щȴ׶ƸǱˡ
ĸۡӸǺԶڵ˸ſں岻ΪֱӸϽԺͣºľ¹ϣԺǸľӸ̧֮ˡ
ϱûˣյģΪβ㣬øڴԼȥҼ᷿ס
ԺʱǸȫɨģÿ᷿ɸɾģգҲһӦȫλڴɡ
ڴ֮ǰȻ潻δʣܿҩȥǰԺҩõȻǸķӡ
˱٣ҲĻҩҲҶ֣û˻ʲô
ȴһֱק䲻ŵƻص䣬ڴϣȴҡҡͷֻһֱϣĿתġýøʱСҲˣԲȣֻ׼һֱֱѹ
ЩᣬȴûƿţҲߡҼңҲңҪ߻Ķȥ㿴㣬ҲŶûͰԼݵôǻòװʵ
Ҳظݵ͵͵ѿռʳóʮҲûСضһûע⣬ְԼŪôҡ
Ļ˵ʣſȴ죬ʱվʱ֪Լ˵ʱûʲô˵Ǹûˣ˵ѾûôҪˡ
ˣȻ˵ЩҹλأȴΣһֱ룬ǲڹ
Щ꣬룬ڼ裬ЩǲͲΪЩ˶
Խ룬Խ߲ȴԼԸ̶С
ҪҲ
һ̣ȴޱԼû
Žһ˫ԽԽȴýͷѹԲ˯һɶԶԷȴǺüꡣ
ɴһԷû취˵˵
һ˵˷ݵģԺ˵ˣ˵
ƫͷƣؾƽʧõĸоγǣҲǹôû㣬ʱ֮Ǿ»صռ䣬һֱڳ˯һֱ˯ꡣҾͷԭ壬һʼѹʱȥ
ԴҲûΪΣ룬Ҿˣ£ԲŵһУָһ
ɵҳʱ򣬾˵վ˶ˣ֮⻹ʬ塣һ϶ǼˣǸң˵һ㣬ΪҲûҲûˣһȥգ˸ܵܡ
ú֮ǰǾ壬ûȥϣ¡˵⣬ʶû˵ȥ֪ԼǱ˸ľĲûϡһΣҾȥ˱߹ءΪǰ֪ΪȨݣȥˡǲǺܺΪλǰ֪
һֱţƫͷҲ²ӲôһֱֱԣԹס
ȴǵʱܿ˵ˣҾ͸㡣Ȼռ䶼֪ƣҲûǱ飬һܼ˵ٺò
Ŀ˿Ҳ޷
ֻƻţһβ˵ôࡣ
ᳶ䡣
⻢Ȼ˵˻Űҩˣٺú˯һҿ֡
ƶԣԷ˵Ļ˵ʲôЩľǶԷһ
ÿǾ壬ۣûкû
ˣԱЩԣԷ˵ÿһ仰ŸҪ
ȴǹԹԵͷ
ڴպöҩ˳ʳҲˡ
нߣøʲô͸ʲôҩҲһƣͿŽŶԷ˳һ
ǽʱ˳۶Էȴ֪ôͳ˶ԷֹԵķʽ
Ҳֵ..ӣտڴСƼ㲻СİˤˣˣӲµòүı˽ͷ
뵽֮ǰĻͷĬĬ˳ȥ
ֻǳŹǷᣬǴ򰡴򰡣ΪʲôȴڸС˵Ļƣ
˯ţ˭֪翡ˡ
翡֪˲ȥӸ̽ɽҵȶûȵ˻һ֪ˣӸĴظˣ϶ǲذ翡סˣϽ
ͷۣ翡ˣ
Ȼ翡ϻ⣬ⷽ翡ȴ翡֪
һ֪ƾͶһΣգԣȵ֪翡ʱ򣬽վҪȥͷ翡
Ҳ漴ϣಽ
ͷ㲻ܼ֪£ӣҲʶӡȻҵ飬¡ǲ֪ﲻҪ¶棬ȥԺ߾ͻΪֲ..ָûȵݣܾСôȴ˸С
ԭȴû
Ʋ֪λ繫˭֪ĵطԷκ˺ܶˣʣؿڳģôź䣬ȴͻȻɿ֣İΣ繫Ҫ
һֱעƵɿҺܿͻҡ
ΪƿңɴԺʯϼ翡᷿ܿΪһξ룬翡ԷֲСصĴڡ
翡ʱòУ¿һȦ·Ӧⲻ̲סȥ̽ôԼŪˣ
ȣʵûǸպӣ̫Ӻ£ֲˣҾ͸ɴװˡ
翡ɿһλʲô˼ǴǱģ
ҡͷӦǸҪηУҽУɹҲ֪Ǻ⣬֮ǰڵ˸Ӧ⣬ƣһǴͨдϢأ
翡ɫȷв̧ļ򣬡ûҾͷˣǴװ
£Ϊǰ֪λδİ׵ۣŪңɼȻСأǾûҪ£Ҳ벻ֲܹƸȥֻգװ죬Ϳˡ
⵹޷ֻ֪ǻʣʱ򡭡翡¶ڡ
常Ǳа취Ӧ
翡˵һһִŽļһֻ°ͣһֱڵ䲻ֻʣһͦϰߣ翡ƽʱͽЦϰˣֻЦһ룬Ī쬵ģĴ˿ģôôˣ
᷿Ŵŵһ죬۾ڽϵ֣ͷ


94 
òװ翡Ū, ص䱾ƵȼˣƿţͿƹԹ̧ۿ, üۿºֻͣý, ھܺ, һ˫ֺ
߹ȥ£ȼ˰ɣôشţճҩ, ȥ˯᣿
һͷ, ֻȴû, ֻƫͷһֱ
˼Ǵһ˯, Ȼ᲻Ӧ, ֻǾߵǰ, ȴûָָҪԡ
ԡ˷纮, ϴ, ƫƫԷѵùִһ£ǰãǰһϴ裬㶼Ҫм磬⸮ûð, ҾһľͰҪϴǿҪһȷҪϴ
ǹⶺƣԷ̹Ȼͷ
ո˵ȥĻܲջǰ˲ҴԼС˼ʱ϶Ӵһ£ˣǲܲˣ
ջˣˮ˵ҪԡϴˣֻϴˬƣҲһ·ز̹ɴҲȥϴһ
һֱͷȿ³һۣ֮ǰ翡ļͷɨһۣջߣ̹ˡ
ǲ֪˼ٱڷĽΪƵûô࣬Ʋڴϵʱ򣬽Ŀյ
Ҳ֪ռ䵽ôģĶʹóҲָԭȺ»һֱԭ״¶Ȳ䲻ȸոպá
֮ǰûʲôվøȣû.ȥռ䣬ȥˣһ᲻á
ǰµʱԹҲռֻʱûɹŲòȥЩˡ
ֻˣѿռȫ壬֪֮ľ飬ǰ֪˵Ǻ¡
һȴԸоƵϣ͵ƫͷէȻȥȻһֱƫͷû˯˯ȵ˯ţ
᲻ñۣѾܾúܾûôƹôʻϤ飬ʹսӴ·͸忴ˣǰյһμԷʱûϳʱҲöԷˣΪǾδɹ
Ѿô꣬ôһֱȥһ۶᲻ô
Щȴ˵ڣⱻԷ֪Է겢δѾõĽʧô˵ûκγӦ¡
ɴסƵģ˵ֽ̳µ۹ϣֻôһգȻȴ˲١
ǾΪԼͷ첹ԱԼһЩɼʹˣǱƵͲ٣صԼϣǵһЩûס̾Ϣһݣɻôֻ
ͷûٳˣҲԣҪǰλ̫ˣôһ룬οɹ
˯ţͻȻ뵽ʲôͷһۡ
Ʊһۿһ
ͿһͻȻ֮ǰûܴƽ.ȥռΪǸ岢ԭģһʼʹڿռģܳɹأ
ĿԣԺͲصƵİΣˣһиΣգʹƶռסҲ⡣ֻǡһǲأ
ɶһٲһ⡣
һͻȻƣƸƵ۾ϣۡ
ʲôҲûʣͱˡ
ôԵƣ̲סڵµһ£ĴϣŲһԣСؿƮ֮ǰ͵׵رʵ֮ʵʵԵòУ֮¶ûʳڡ
ܲܶԷû˵һĻȿڰɣ
Ҳ£Ȼˣ׻Ҳûϵɣ
ǣر̹Ȼȥֻˣֻ࣬ͬʱĬĬһԴƽռ䡣
ʱȻǰϤľ󣬲ûЦ
ɹ˰֮ǰƣֳƵֻ࣬Ƶ۾ϣֻµȴûҶǱոͻȻ׵һ¸ˣһ죬ͿһƱɱ밡ʩǴռý顣
һڣ̲סȸԼ˸ƣںãռһܹ͵һΣһС͵ξܻرˡ
ֻǽ˵Ȼڵذûֻ¶Է۽޷գţģ̲ס̧֣սЩ治ƣ㲻ˣҰˣƣһҳŵʱͰڿռ벻Ҳû취ˡ
ǶģŸմӼƽ˻ۣһ˫÷⣬ͷ
ֻһ̣ͱİľ£֮ǰ̵ڲû̫㵣ɵЩδĶ
Լĵ̣鲻ֱƻĶУƵļСһԺ͵Լңǳ֮Ψһܽģϲ
ǸΨһԭŵûסǸоϣ翡ĵ˲䵴Ȼ޴档
ʼڿռһʹã˿ɳǰǱʷǣóƣ֮ǰ˵ǰ֪Ǵ֪ģҲΪʲôᴩⱾӦþİ׵ۣµʱƣڸϸǰ֪Ҳ׼֮Ըкô常һ˵常㡣
ΪرҲ취סȾΨһĹѪĺӡ
˵ƶӦˣ⣬ֻһʱ䷢ֿ쵽źҩʱˣ˲иڴ
Ϳһٹȳȥɡ˵žҪƵ뿪ֻܾﲻ̫Ծ
򶨵ûһƫͷȻͿһƶڴؿ
һ죬ȥĻţΪҲά
һ𣿶һ׬һΡ
̹׹ȥҲ״侲һɻ󣬱ϾȻΨһһ.ȥģΪʲô֪Ž.ȥ׵ģ
뽹Ҳܻռ˷ռˡ
Ȼ͹˽
Ƶעܿڱĵط̲סҪÿռ伸ΣһҪ
һճ᷿ȻڴźҩԶԶˡ
ڴѶźãֻûס͵һΣүүϣͿԷۣ죬е㡭
һԿŵü۶Цôƶһ˴ı顣
ڴŵһ飺үʲôˣ
ûɣӵôģôñ˽ͷүô͵
һӶүôҲ޳Ī


95 
Ϊʧ, ƵĲûվͺˡ
ڼ֪£˹ƣ費ҪѰҽơ
ֻСҩ˯һ˴롣
ŷ, ʱ̫æȻ˾, صĽʿȴٰ, æõȷûʱ
˴ģܴھӪ
ƲúΪ˷ֹò, ڴȥˡ
ڴһȥ, ȴס, ҹҹ̽
Ȼ⼸úܣΪҪ, е˼ÿűѵġϡ
书, һͷ, ⣬Ƶһ, ž, ȻԸȥ
˹Ƿᣬүٲ򡣡
⼸նֻ˵˲лͣҲ¶ο, ǵڶ֪ӵôرˣүͼһ棡
һ棡˼ˡ
ǰÿնҪȥһıѶˡ
һɿүȥٲǷ纮ġ
ͬģһΣǰλͷһƾͲ򵥵ӱĻ½ͷɣ
ưŽֻǵĮһۣǵ뽹Ķ
˱ôһŵվֱҿȰ
һ̣Ϳһۻүһ۶һЩıݸµĽ
⼸ѵڸȣɴѱһЩʳó
ֻϧģСؾȻֱӳԸóġ
ҪһЩٳԡ
ô죿òһģֻܳˡ
һھùȻǺĳʳãЩǰͻأóȻ֪ܣҲûҴš
Ʋպûԡ
£߳ԱȰζĬĬûסͷתȥͿǾ¿ò񻰵˹ףһһڳš
һƾȵģҲ֪Եĺһƾͺóԡ
Ե̫ˣûס¿ˮ
Ʊǻȥ۾Ķأ
ƲӣջĿ⣬˳¿ˮ
üͷ壬ɴֱָָſڡ
ģүôһᰡȻȥô죬үΪǲȰ
ȷûƲˬֻһƫͷͿ߽Ե촽͵͵.ӿռקһ롣
ѰߴƿȴǼᶨֹ̰߬
ûץͿһѿŵһߣһ޹תƻ⣬ףôȥĺãû⣿
ò¼Ҳֿ
Ӱ쵽Сأֻʹʱֿһ¡
ҡҡͷȴǼᶨ̹Ȼָָ
һʼûףʶ⼸ÿռε׽Լʱô뵽ôڣ
ڣ׻Ҫ׵ġ
˻صռ䣬ó⼸ոѧõıʣʼдЩʲô
ûʣЩý֪
Ժҵ취¿ں׿ڸһУ⼸Էһֶû취˵
Ƶ뷨Ҳûֹ
һддһϣȿ˯֮ǰдꡣ
һֱһɵĿ̲꣬סڵ˾ˡû
ôҲû뵽õôһϢ
֮ǰݸʱѾϣ
ֲõʱҪŰʱһСز̫ԾʱΪˣȻʱ֪Լ
⼸ζںڣһʱѡ߽Ҳ᲻᲻÷ֿôꣿ
ɼҲֻǼ衣
صޣԣ֮ѡʱ̹ס
Ž֣׶Ǹ⡣
лͷ۲ѣ֮ǰ̹Լô죿Ҫ˵СʮǰѾˣ
Ժ޷һ
οôദͰﵱ
Ƶı仯ȴҾ˾˺Ͱӵۡ
ҵһʵĽڣǼʹԺɹҲϡ
ȴ᲻
һҧҪýʬ˵Σ
ȴҡͷдףȲ˵᲻ţ⣬ɡ
ʵŽͰӣȻǵȷҪ𣬶Ҳһһ⡣
ɶ԰ӶԣˣѱԷԺΪ˸𲻻
ߣǱ壬ǾߣŲһ£ʹˣô͵ˣΪ˴ҵܻͬѡ
ðգʹֻһ
ǱǲģԽЩĸ飬ӽʮûֳ
Ƽдպ¿˽ϣ㵱ӡ
ҲòףҾ˾˺ͰӵδûвԵڡ
̯̯֣ǣת䡭˵
⼸ҹ뽹һﶼǶԷֿеķʽ
ۣ¾࣬װд֣
һʼûף۾һʱƵ˼
ֵദ̵ʱƭԼ棬棬棬ǰиˡ
˾ȻԵ۲ϸ΢
ǰգ˶Էһ棬ֻһζԷӦûע⵽ġ
ѰټһΣֳ뽹ƵϰΪȣСתԵɡ
ǶȻץһץסˡ
У˵ֶģҪӺģӣǶԸҶԸӶǿĶ֡
ıȨһֱ躹Ҫԭ֮һ
ֺù»̲סʱ¶ͬϲӣʱžͲˡ
ֺúҲʱߴȥ˯
ȻӦˣûռ䣬ֱϴϴ衣
ȳɺãƳˮһոһдôõЩᣬʶ߹ࡣ
⣬һ֣ˣ
ۻˣ˴ܺקƵ᲻ţ۾ͷּ˵£ôʵϵģһȫ˵ꡣ
û뵽⸣ҲûҶ
оԷָţһʼǾܶԷ֮ãһãܾöԷ󼡷ϵ֣ò
ǿã᲻ûǰᰴסһ֣üˡ
ͺˣӲš
ĸֻ³¡
ֻӦˡ
ȴţдôأҲû뵽ȥϾСطɰһȻ뵽ֶԳֻôۡ
˯ǰ취˵ⲻ˵ɤӣֻΪ´̼̫
ôöԷָ
ֻʶ䲻ʱ
ʶעڱ𴦵ֻԼˣ뵽¾Ϧⲻֳɵĺ𣿿ʱú׼һˡ


96 
һֱڸﲻȥ, ڳ˺ڶͳȥӡ
ǰƷŵռ䣬һȥ
䱦ʱһ⽹ˣȻ, 㣬ˡ
ض˲ȥ, Ҫӵ
⼸ս, ȻҲûȥ㣬οȥķǸ, ҲǽΪ˹Щ󲻿Ե˹ȥ
һ¶, 翡õϢ˹, ĲУ֪⼸û, ֪нǻǶôѰ졣
Ҳû, ⼸յ˱һЩѴĵһˡ
մ, 翡ƹҴҹӸˡ
ţ̧, ȷ
ü, û뵽߻ûϵּһ棬ԷȲˡ
翡֪£ӣȻòӱˣϹ˰Ȼȷģ˵չ˵һ, ֮ǰҲгġ
һģ°ͣⲻû
ˣûǸӦõλû󡣡翡Լ֪Ķ˵ˡ
ȴòȻֵòȥƹ˵Ϊ˵͵Źˡ
翡˴¥
翡ȥ˵ʱ򣬽˱ƹ񣬶ȥ¥
Ƚһᣬߵ󣬰Ƹ˳
ˣһ˴ͷǻ̲ס뽹涼ڸʲôˡ
Щĥһ㣬ȴָ֮¡
٣Ǵһģϣ⼸սÿն׽δŽռ䣬ԼЩǲδԶ룬һļ
Ҳû֮ǰǰûȫУ㷶һ˾ͻ֮ǰǴǰҲ
Ƴ󣬽һ££Ҳ˹Ǿ׼ſʼϷ
о飬ϾǰҲٰˡ
翡ųһλһǱԼͷ
翡ţź翡ȥͷдˣûԸ
翡ӦˣŹϣߴӳλ˴ӣüۣ֣ͷ漴Цˣ
üͷȴҲˣӺⶼϳ
ЦЦҲλˡ
û뵽ôֱ̹Ȼ˵ڣǶ࿴һֻۣλ档
һ֮ǰӸıѣʱȥүȰүȴӱѳ
ʱүȷˣȴȰֻˡ
ʱȴֵģֻܵͷ´һȴˡ
һүһλӡ
ʱ̫𾪣ûϸλӣֻõһ۳üãһͷ췢ȴĵƤ𪣬׵ý͸ɼʹҲӾµüۡ
һ˫һۼʹ䵭ҲһٶĴ
ڶڣӴЦüۣһЦ˫һ΢䣬ʻֹƻ󣬶࿴һ۷·ܳС
ˣЩ˼ߵµݣöࡣ
˼ۡ
ֻǴ˿ȴü֪ǲ룬ܾӸոһЦе졣
ڽкԶŲһˮﵽʢ
Ǵɣ
ոλЦŵģ뵹ƾǸ졣
ǰѱյƹĶƽʱɢˣֻһָűӵıԵڱӵײԼ棬ôƹȵġ
ɫ΢䣬ԭʵĻȻֹ
죬˵һ֡
λֻദܶʱ䣬ӻţЩദϸˡ
ɽˣΪ˾ȵЩ˶ġ
ʱûڣɺЩƼʹģÿƼһΣﲻһΡ
ڣȴζԲסӡ
ÿΣὫǲദȥĻ廳һЩ
⼸һֱ벻ͨΪүͻȻλӡ
һжԵɡ
ΪЦ˽ӡ
ΪԷˬʵԼ˵ķʽˡ
ɫҰס
ǽүıʿܺܿס
λӵĲͬȻһ˫н
Щ꽹үһֱõ´ʹ߳ǵ˵û⣬ֻǵ̼̫󣬳߳޽⡣
˺ܶ취ûã˳ˣʹֻһΪϰƵɶԷĳ֣һҩ
ҩҩҲ𲶾
ϵʵ͵͵۲죬֪ԼĿĴﵽڴưķΧ磬Ǽ̸̸
ɫأԡ
ʹζҩԺܳΪ𲶾һ̣ȴȷǾҩ
˵ˣȻµӺãɵס⼸ôԼ壬ٲ뵽취ֹһ꣬ҩʯҽ
ԣʹǶʱҲóȥ
ұΪӣȴһλ̼֣ЩʱգҾӺȻԤ֪ҪҲϡ
˵ĸ֣ûȴˡ
ǿԼֻһȴҲ֮£
Ҳǣûи飬ȻҲ⵽ǲǡ
һֱסѱĸо̹˵ģӣˣֲȱǮĳ֪Ǻ
ۣ۵׵Ц⵭Щҡ
볣͵ؿȥʲô
ʱҲû뵽üǺ⣿
ȴЦˣ˵μ𣿡
ɻ󣺡μңȻֻһϲδ
ǣѵʮǰղ¸ղ¡
뵽ʲôɫ΢䣬㡢ǡ
ԷԵ޹ᵽʮ꣬Լղ¸ȷһλղ£ֻǶʮǰȫΪһ±䣬ȫڹ⡣
˵λղ³ҲΪ׽£ʱ׽ݺı棬ʵˣʱмλ˾ð׽㡣
ֻǰæ˵˼仰ѵⷣٺ»󣬵ʱδǣڡ
ʱһ˼ҪˣֻȻǵ͹Ҳ̶̳ȡ
׽º꣬Ǽλ׼˵ĴˣȫΪһЩ±ķ䣬±ͷĿͷ
һⶼûܻ
֪ʱĪ
촽¼£ӣĪǡ
ƶǱʷǣȻҲں׵۵ǻΪƽϸ¼ҳǧʷˣоλղ¡
λղһҶûˣպ÷Ͻݡ
ûһɣֲ
ͷû˳ȥ󣬸̶һֱӻǮƣлպþЩҵסǴЩʵǿһЩû뵽պ͸常˾ǡ
ʣµĻû˵־Ͷˡ
֮ϵ£Ϊǰ׼ˡ
ֻǡ
ֿⷢɫš
ԼͷٵģȾɫѡ
־棬
ȻҪ뻻ɫ
ҡͷˡһͷ죬ǿˣɵϣǾǶš
ŵ˾Ͳˡ
Ѿӵݣȷǹģɾȴ鲻
뵽ԷҲûҪѣλݲ鵽δǣҲûӴ˵ʹԷǣΪõָܻ糣Ҳò
ԷԸҡҪһսǲ
Ƶ˵꣬˳
ֲ䣬ѹûˡ
书ƣէȻүһô
ѵֿôһҲã
үôģ
ⶼû³Ű
ɴߵ󣬰ѵطøǡ
Ƶ⼸ΪҹԼƽޱѹ˵ʲô
ֱ뵱ӵ˵˭֪үѹ⡣
뵽ү˼ǻл㱰ӵɾץţΣֻѡһЩй¶ʲô档
뿪ʱʲôү³ǻʺϯҲݵʱүҲҪ֪Ҫǰ׼
¶Įҡҡͷ
ҿɺޣɵ£ʺֺγûƲ˼Ҳ֮סʺλá
ȰʺǺ֮Ȼ׼ȷ˿ȴǶԻʺ󲻾Եԣס
ȴ֪үӣ£ûȰ
ֺͳżȴֲܿȰʱûҡͷĽ׼ǲ䱦ѡһҪȻðȻҲûɰ
һ£ˣүҪˣ
Ƕүд̰
ȻҲȰȰϾʺ󵽵ǻʺ󣬱ѹһͷغүԺĴ°
ͿδĹүһͷˣһ㲻ûС

ǣԭأ


97 
ճ׼ʺ, 䱦֮ǰļƻѡ񽻺õĴٹˡ
Щ˷ֳ
һλҲǶ֧ɵģһλӵ֧ɣһֵ֧ġ
ЩоǱ֮ܿ̽һ
õЩҲľýôţǶԽԵֻһ
ȷе˵ıȨ
Щһͬ, ϻص䣬Ϳʼо˽£ĿǰһλӶûվӵ
Ϊ˵, ֧λӵ, Ϊ㡣
֮˵ǼΪȻûӴ׼һ, ˽ʵƫ̻һ, ȴҲ, ϾмΪء
ϻʵֻôһλѪҲͰ, ͷλӡ
Ƕ, ̳
Ҳż, еʱ䣬պ취Сػָ, , ĿǰȰ
֣ʱ£ǲ
³ܿ͵ձΪӣӣȻҲС
һ, ƼʹڲԸ뽹ֿҲֻǰһջظ׼ս¡
ڿϻظǼװү춯أ
ƻǻˣɫȴڳס
ǰֻ䣬ɭ
ó˽С΢ŬʹڸУܾеֻӵĸ
ͿһȰүҲҪʱҲܼˡ
⻰һ䣬ĵۣⲻĺĺ
˵ǼˣɶүҲ˳ۣȻҲ׵
ΪӣҲͷ
ȴҪװʶжԣôơҰɣ
Ȼɫÿˡ
޲ԼƣúõĲ˵ˣɶ죿㳤ǲǣǲǣ
˯õǼãԣ֮Ϊ˸Сر
Сػţ׷ġ
һʹȥĸЦ
üЦҲãھпò⺢ʶ࣬ͷһƼЦôκ˼
ǰ⺢ӣܾЦЦţüܴһ˿ײı˼
Լ˼Լˡ
ҪؾǶԵģŲͿˣ
۵״Ц䱦ܻ.ȣ׬
ЦЦȴţֻǿοԼ⺢ѹͲǶںǮˣҲֱһ־;˼ʿ
Ҳûʣ۴ȰίԼ۸͸常
ľ壬常ɽʲô£Ҳû˸۸
˵ȴǣã常㵱ɽ
ⱲֻһŮȴ࣬ҲϲﻷϥµĸоȻϧȾǺô棬޺ֺܶࡣ
ֻǵԼĺӣദദºͣԺҲˣǽ뵽ȾķӶȾЩ⣬ԼൣˣҲû˵ȥ
תƻ˵ЩȤ£ü۶չ
۽ǵԼͷ˵Ѿᡣ
뷨ֻϧȴǿˣҲǶóαװֱкű¶ϼһĶûУνĺҲϣԼĹѪûŹպӳ֪ĸ游
ֶֽڶܳµǰᣬֻҪɲҲˡ
˵Ƕ·ǻ۶
ͷøСغúôöտӵĿ
Ӵº֮ͣԶԶһһ⣬öǸˣǽڶӶϡ
Ϊɫһλģݶ󲻿ԣĸΪҲǺܳһλʺӻҪɫ
϶ţҳ顣
ԣǳ飬òȻļһǽԺãֻжһλͨû϶Զһһ⡣
뿴һֻԼãƽʱ˼ᣬֺã϶ҲյĺûȾɻЩΪǴֹеĹŮĽĶ
ЩֻǱϵġ
뵽ἰԼӱ֮𽥱¶£ֻһҲ֡

ʹ֮Ҳûҿôȥ
ỹҪһʱ󣬰ٹԼǰк
ÿε˹һ
ЦеػӦ˸졣
䱦˵ҲʶˣЩȴг棬ҪôǸŮҪôǹܼңͷһΡ
ϯ쿪ʼʱЯҲˣӡ
ɫŶӸο
ĵľȾƼúãҲġ
ֻͷӼǺ֮ǰԷǰߵ£ȻԣȴҲ䵭١
Ҳ⣬ɲҵ˭˵õġӡû֮һ
һػȾȥڵλá
档
ϻʵʺҪ֮ǰһ̣ƲŴų١
ϴߣɫưĮ˭Ҳ
Ѿǳ̬ԷϸӽѾǲϾԷԴϻһֱڸ˵ǵʱ嵼ӳʱ
϶û˵ʲôǸǲᡣ
Щ϶˵زģֻͷ֪ģ֪ģȴǰһѻԼˡ
ʱΪѾˣû뵽
ֻ£ȴҿ̽ģһֱѿ̽ģһãܰԼ۽ȥ
̲סƳ߾ϡ
Щʱգ˵һ𣬿ƴĶǳ
ҪԻһӷ
ĵ˸ǹ󲻿ԣƲߡ
ֻΪǻʺԵõİٹŮҲˣȻٲ˴ֹеģҲ̲ס׷͵ӡ
˵ģüΪֻϧȴǸư͡
˵˻ǾλԵ
ϲûǸûĶ
ЩҵŮݵһЩŮСٵĵŮȴȴҲǸʡ
Ҫ˵ģúãʹ˵˻ȴҲӰʲô
ЩʱһֱûôֿէȻһ˯ͦϰߣȻ˯ͦãɻš
էȻֿ̲ס࿴ۡ
ջߣһɨûˡ
ĴۣģҲÿСػأ࿴ˣ
ȻΪ˶ڿֻΪ˵ǻӣһЩٵĵŮǸʣɵǸưͣûĸԼңպ߲Զµ۵ǻָͷһطء
뿪ǵģ̲ס߾²ӡ
λȻ̼֣׷ӣݾˡ
Ҫģһλ常
رһλŮпܳΪĻӡ
οԷֱһ۾ĳ
ľսվƳ۶Щ͵͵ӵŮ죬¿ˮ
ܾոտүϥֱ߬϶ŭⱬڱԵ
⡢ϯզʼٲʼүȥӸ߲ñٿˡ
ڳԴ׼е¡
֪óȷѪͺˣ


98 
ȵð, ڹﲻøС׽ɵȻصͲһСؿ϶Ͻȥ
ڽ, ȴϻʵᵽƵ֡
ȥ鷿
ϵģ, Ŷ, һȥ鷿һЩ¡
ۣƼûô, Ȼϻʵ۲һ, Ǿ, Ȳߣֻһ, ˵, ȴûѪԵϵ, ֻǹ
ϻʵΪ£Ǵɲһǰȥ, ɼȻȥ, ¸йأҪ常
֪ΪΣĪ뵽һֿԡ
ϽЩŮĿ⣬۵ɫϻʵ۲ô, Сýɣ
ȻɲΪϻʵۻǵģһһ
ڳһ·ϼڣûô
뵽ȻҲ뵽ˣɫѿϻʵһ䲻ȣϲܿڣ֮ǰϻʱϻʵ۾鲹ѰһźõĻ£мܾˡȻڣϻʵۻӲһ˵ĶӷҪ顣
ɣȥûУҲҲͬȰ
µҰףϢ䵭ŵС̫ŵɪɪȴ룬ֻΪӲԸҲϲӵ
α䶼û䣬ֻֻԼ֪˿ж಻Դʧúһֱûȥ뵱£ǵ·֮ǰ¡
Ϊ˼߽֮Ĵɱ⡰͵סʵ֪Լ˼ý뿪
ʱ򣬽δֳʲôգȴ뿪ˡ
ʱ鵽ǵãҶѹҵȻˣٲΣգѹǣɺȴԤڡ
Σʱȴˣ
ط֮һֱûᵱ£ûֱױ⣬ǵһദģʽǻϲģ١ߣ㹻ˡ
һЩʱղĶٴγû˿ϵİǰʾһС
ҲҲ׽ֻΪΪ֮İԼͬʧúС
ϻʵѡŮӷϽģһۿô죿뵽ֿԣߺһ˫ۺڳɲܶŸȴȫȥ
ãѹʹԣҲٲľء
Ȼµˣȴͷôܾϻʵۡ
ɵλֻһʼǲ취ʹһΣȴ޷һΡ
ҪǾܾĶˣԵý˿ϻʵ۰Ȩһλ
Ϳ쵽鷿ʱ򣬽˾˵ýʺôɵ£ҪôʺˣһܲͨӴ
Ҫôˣϼף׽ߡ˽.ȥ鷿ʱϻʵǰʲôû̧ͷϸ
ϻʵЦЦѵü۴Цˣ°ɣûˡô˵ˣڳȴҲֻѣδ
ϻʵҲ⣬ߴͽӹϣ尡ҲСˣ㼸ֶͳɼңھҲвʱˣĵĹ
ϻʵ˵ֱףƾܾҲֱӣҡͷ
ϻʵƶᣬǸмѡǼΪʵģƣ
䵭ָָԼĺ۲̧ͷȥϻʵۣܾ̬
ϻʵǵЦ⵭ЩײļƣֻԼԼ̨£⺢ӣֻ˵ѣ˵˻Ҳ޷ˣȻû׼ȵȵ˵ɡ
ƾܾɿֻû꣬ϻʵٴЦѯӿɵһ˲ŰģãͷҲ˵䱦ֵúܣǼճҪȥƣ˵ĶϡֺÿӢ۳갡
ϻʵȿ䣬֮󻰷һת֪ɻˣ
ϻʵ֪ʣ֪Ҳµϻʵ۵˼ֻӲͷƤ潹ش𣺡ػϣδ䣬⺢۹ߣҵɼҲɡ
뽹Ҳ볯Щ
ƫƫϻʵǱ󹬻ʺ͹û취ȳɼҵҲ飬ôãпϵģ㱣ý⻰ǶԽ˵ġ
Ͻ֣ûҿ
˵ʲôϻʵۿһۣӴԼ˼Լ˵
ۣ˵üǣֻǡʱδʵġֻǹμӸ磬ôͷҪ£
ϻʵˣûкʵģͺˣﵹѡһǻʺֶŮ޵ƷԱǵմŮһ񣬳ҲףһǹŮҲǸӺõģӾΣ
ۻûڣһԵ֪ʱˣ޲ܾˣģµüҲԽԽ
鷿һʱ侲ˣ̲ס뿪ڻסӵʱ򣬽һ˿ڣ˹֣һ񣺡ʡϣλǧӺüģãǻĺѡ
⣬ϻʵԭüͷչСӵǻɫ߸ˣˣƲûסֱתߡ
ɵ׿סˣۣվһ
ʱ˿ڣֻǡСĻ䣬̫ʡ
ϻʵ۱Ϊ°˳ɲˣ͵ȿѡʺֶŮǹŮʱҲͷۣϾСԼѡģλҲֲ
ôһ䣬ϻʵɫɵûŭŶȻĶУβʣ˵ӾްλС䲻㣿
ҲΪһѺȻ˵ֱŭϻʵۡ
һϣСȻô룬ȻСĸˡС֮˵ʡݵԵɣǡԱ̫ʡ
ϻʵۣ

ƣ
ǰͷλûףȴˣ͵ƫͷȥ
ϻʵ۵ȷû̫üӣǺ⣿
ӣŤŤЩ˼һͰ𪣬Զ΢ʱԣͷĺ췢ƣǸ⡭˵ĺÿ˵ĻȴϻʵۺɵֻۣΪ²Ǵ£С˽£常ҲûʹСûἰС֮Իû䣬һǵȷûԵģһСǶ䣬ֻϲӣӵԸ⡭
˵⣬ЦЦÿȴЦϻʵһ¡
ϡ䣿
ɵۣúõô˵Ͷˣǰû˵
ϻʵ̫ˣѹ˲ͻ£ϽȻȥû˵翪ţʵôûͷһμĶ䡣
ƫƫһ˼Ҫһͻ飬⴫ȥɻôУУȻͷð²⴫
˱ϳȥ鷿ͷΪ³ˣֻǵ±Ƶģе֣ôˣͷһƼ¶ֵֹ֡飿
һ·;߶ûعһֱ߶û֡
߹һƫĵطһ̲ס佻һʱ͵͵һƵָͿһɫš
ӵһλȻعǰǵӰµķþˣǶ䣿
ȥ鷿ʱƾԼŻ޲Ūϻʵۣɴ˿ȴ̲סԼƮƮȻ飬ԼǳֻþΡ
ûͷܸоƵϣӣһ常²ģʵ̫ÿڡǽջϷҪҲ˵
ڴӻл㱻عãȻתͷ룬⡭常ҲǾôţǣ̫ͻȻˡԭŵ⺢ӸˣѰһźʵ£˭֪
˰ˣж︣οֻ常ȷҲ⺢ӵ
̾Ϣһļ򣬡常ûò̫ףɣǿĸɣ常常ȥʡ

常ǲ̫ǿ˵㣿⻹ôϣôȢϱˣ
ƱƮһ仰ֱһ׸²ȽʵˣıӰĵġ
úеһͷһôأ
ǣŽһתһ·ȥˡ
ƣ


99 
صûƾ͵Ǳ, һأŽӡ
ǵĸݹȥһˮ, ư֮ǰõ˵Ǹ˵˳鷿£ⲻʺʱ뵽ô
ֱ˵, Ϊ˹պ׼, 죬ôˣҲʱ, ʱϲ, СҪǻ˵, ֻ취ˡ
ǳҲ, Կʼ׼, ⼸ǲԼĿռˡ
, ûȥ䱦󣬶Ǵڸ, ֻ˵ҪоµΡ
Ϊڸ, Խûٴƻؿռ䣬ڴ£Ա߷˲ٱ赹Ҳȡ
ǰͷŪһ, ԱŲԼΣֱ߻һͼֽ滭һ׾¶Ŀ鱦Σ˺һЩȴ󲿷ƫŷ磬źǾȴּ󷽡
̧ͷҲܸоƵʱʱϣֻû
ȴ̲סˡ
ϦôûȥĿռ䣬ȻҲûÿΪռ׵ࡣ˵СҲǹˣÿôΪǽռý顣
˵ʲôŰ
Ҳżһʼһûȥռƻ˾䣬˵Ǵڿռ岻ãƾûʹˡ
һղȥԷȻûἰҪܲסˡ
ڰβ㶨̧ۣһ̧ͷͿƸպú飬ֻûԷⱾһֻûҳˣ
һͷȴ·λãȻֻһɨƫζȴԡ
ûЦӣװģλѹ򣬺ڵͽˣҲ֪ʱܽ¡
Ʋɫ̧ͷ˼ڴȣʵڿռһҲǿԵġ
˵ռ˲̫ãżȥһӦҲ޷ɣ
صǣѾüûˡ
ˣһתڻͣ׻˵úãľȻô
ƣʵľҲһġ
ھ͸оеȡ
ֶ.һҹһȭȥϴˮ
һ͸оʱʱƾͻƳһۣסߵЦţҪȥһ常ҪҪظһǲ¶Ҳ̫ףڸһȦ
⻰Ǹطʱ˵ƿ϶ȥʱദʱʱߣڰ⼸ĲɨҲ֪һֱŽףʱ˻ᷳ
ƴۣ˵ãӦˡ
ɿСȻҪţ⼸ֻܳȥ޵Ĺ͵͵ռ׼常Ҫ׼ֻϵľϲˡ
ƴտʼڴռ䣬ûȵ˵Ҫֿһ硣
ӸʱϢóܣӲͷƤǰʱշԼ鵽Ķ˵֮ǰҲ棬үߣ±֪ǸɴûҪ¾ڵȼүϽ˵
Ͼ´ܼү֪ʱ
꣬ѽҪԼҪ˶ȥ
дµ֣£⼸λˣ⼸λǺù٣ƽʱ綼û⣬νΪΪĺóӣôͻȻͣ
ޱ鿴ȥ
ϽӦˣٶʡ
ƿǱ飬֪Ŀǰٹٵ⼸λŻûվӣ˽ȴǧ˿Ƶϵ˵йء
ֻ⼸λ˱˴֮䲢֪Էйء
ϵͬѰ
ס
׹ϵⶼˣԼ
ӶĳǼٵģӶԶڲϧ.ôѹլֻжһˡ
ʵȴǽȻ෴
˽ȴλҡ
ѹ֪ˣλĸԸݵģλλҵ⼸λˡ
ӼǰʼӾͿʼ˽ﵥӴλңжԶЩδŮӼΪˣ϶ӵԼòʲôûֻǸ.ͷ
ЩŮ֮ͣ󱻶ӻ֮ԲΪɣ˵ЩŮΪ檣ȴǶ޵أʵ踮ۡ
ԼŮǶӲޣҪҪ⼸λֻҧͬ⡣
Ŷŵպô֮󶨻ǵŮΪϲӣȥŮҲˣϾδɻ͡
λ˽ȴ֪λҲ·ֱ˸ۡھ⡣
Ⱦǽ㡣
֪Ƕ֮ǰҪȰѶӶӸŪ֮⣬λڹĴҲҪ֪Щࡣ
ҪǱӻԪ
ƷԸʹߡ
ϽҪ˵үһҪ˵
żһյĹ򰡣үҪҪôŻȥӣָû
򶨣ͷޱ鿴һۡ
˵үдŵˣ˵ҪһˣšҲ⼸Ĺ򡣡
Ͼүӵ̫ǿɲţֻܱȥ
üȴҲֻǵͷû˵ģˡ
ף˳һۣүǺ⣿
ģ˭ȥ
ôܾýһҪһȷѪţ
үȻƢãɶԽƺͦصġ
ǲպڵĵģصԺ⣬ͻ£κ˹š
һ̤ȥԶԶ᷿һյơ
䣬ɽǣ常Ҫţ˵˵ܻˡ
Žȥ̧ۣѾûǰôŽûˣһڰգ˿̿ˣ³ʵ߹ȥ
ȴãոŵһ˲䣬ܾ˵ȷظСϱ
ôһ룬鲻ֹǴãѾҪûסƵָͷȿƴۿĿ⣬һգϽȥһ
ΪҪռ䣬ôã˵ȥϴһ
һ̧ͷͿĲһԣһ飬Ҳû
һŵƶ档
ϥǵϥǣ˫ֳϥϡ
̽̽ͷȥ
Īص￩һ£֮ǰúõģǡ
ʲô£
ǿ뷨̾ϢһСذҸһ¡
ƶû
֯һ˵ǣģǰȥ常常һ£ͷڹҪͻ£ҲǼװ˵Ƕ䡣ˣʺ͹ȴţ˵Ϊ˾ܻ˵ġ
͸ɴ˵ǻֶʲôģЩӣҲã常ŹջϿܻҽԸɴ룬оһеļװȢ
常ҿǿǣҪûѡ԰ѡһ¡
⻰һ䣬ڵ飬̣ΪһٹƶԷķ¿ڣֻˡ
Ͼ̫ܵĴ̼ҪĻֻø̼İ취
ûǵµĴ̼Сһ롣
ҪȢ˵Ĵ̼ԻᳬĿǰԵĴ̼
ӿûʲô˵ҲܵޣֻȢ
Ʊ.һ£һ߬˵ʲôȴ˵죬ȴֻŽԺհһƬֻиոս˵Ǿ仰ҪһȢˡ
ʹǼװģɶƶԣȴҲʹ֡
ɼʹˣȴ˵ʲô
ᣬ޷һĿʱô
ҳǰ̤һ߰벽ҡ
ǿѹͷϧټһһ£常˵ʵҲԼѡܱҺļźáģǾһεˣȢռͷ˵ԺҲֻǼװѣȻԺǰϷҲ޷Ǿǣǣֱһ߼װһףҲôţʵҲûӰ졭
ӽ˵װһ׵ʱƾ;Լˡ
ҪԺۿ
ưŴ̼ˣѾվƵû֣ѾһѡҾûͦġ˵ĺЩȥżҲϤʵ˵һͦϲģͦõģһ˰ɣǼϷʵҲǲУǲ֪ԸԸˡ
ѾľˣţֻôĿӿĵط۵֫ٺԼģӿտյģԼѾ޷˼ֻ˳Ļ
ʵһ㶼ȴ᲻ò
֪Ǹϲˣ˭
·һ㣬ڶһ㴫·𻹴Ż
϶ƣ˵ͦдģ֪дʱ᲻رֽ
ͻ˺һӣƵĶߣԺ޷˼ֻһ飬Ǹ˽
Ĭ飬ʶʲôԭͫйէȻܶһ˲ԭ԰ŵݣǿήĻէȻʻš
һĻĽ۵Щʪȴ̲סЦֱȥ

֪˶ãŷſɵ˵ƣ֮ججͲ֪ϦǼεݣ䲻⣬𣿡
Ͳ֪תˣǽڵ˲䣬˳ھˣֻһỺܵͣɰʯĥ¹Ĥޡȴýһ˲ۡ


100 
׼ôʱȻ, ûƿǲģˣҲװˡ
ƵûסﴽЦ, ̲סݺݵͷһڡ
ƺ֪ʶʲôЩȴһгԺ
ȽҪʱ, ɴĺ󾱼ѹ

սʱڿռ, ſϸŽʱеӲ̫
ü, ֻһ̧, ;ûˬ
˻, Լİŵֱۣϵ龰ȫӿԺ, , ҧҧ
ƫͷ, ߵĴ齿տյģǸͲ֪١
иӦ, ͵ػͷȥ, ȻϽվſǽȴҹơ
ģĥĥа˰ֻ˵꣬ȴһ, ҲֻǼܿһ£ͷһʰ
ȻȻòϣǺڿռһԼ࣬ǵĶԷ
ǲϵġ
뵽׼ͣúõϦûϣǳ˱˵в͡
ĬĬ߹սЩ֣˼ԣҪǲʹܴ£Բỹֵģδξѡ
̲סˣۡ
ԭǲģƹɿҲЩ̲סֱڽļϡ
һƾ;̧ۣ֣˺ȥˡ
ȴ·ȥͿϱһ±׼׵׼ķḻˣð
Ʋܰʱô׼һֱȵ
̲ס¿ԣֻûƵƵߣʲô⿴Ҿܱˣ
עеƮһֱڽϣԾҪԵͷ
㵽һϽΣյĿ⣬ͷҡҡ
ҧһ⣬ۿȥǡһҹֲ˵˰ɣⲻǰˣ
ҡͷܡ˶٣½ģֶ˵䣬ֻǴûڣ˵Щġ
öˣûôýֻصꡣ
һᣬεͷϽ꣬³ȥóڴ¼һ¡
˿ǲġ
֪ԼԺᷴûκӦˡ
˸ճռ»һ·ͷжüƶ
ͷԸûԸţ⸮٣Ҳ³çˣӦòϵģôðȻֵģֻӸˡ
ΪԷһȶһ㡣
Ƭ˲٣һ˵Ӱ⣬˿ſ򣺡ӣڸ
ǳڡô
ɿȻڣʮ֮˾ڵģӣܽүһ仰
ͷ߳ƣָָſڣֱߵһ
ƲδȥţȥһˮݵֱߣŴţó
͵һ۲ԶĽԷĵ̣ҲӱֻܿӲͷƤѹúүˡ
һ⡣
˵мղŻ
ôͻȻô죿
ҲϢŴû죬ǽ;вдţ¶Խ˵̼ͦġ
ƿһۣ룬Ըȥ߽ȥ䱦Ĳ¥ᣬԺһȥڴҲȥ
ͷӦˣǣȥ졣ֻǸתͻȻʶʲô͵һ٣ԲۡŻͷĽˣǣүաոǡ˵ˣ
ɼⶼˣ
ǻΪԺ󶼿ưˣӾȻôôˣ
ѵôֱӾ͡
֪Ҹλһˣ
ƿƵƵȥõشסߣ
Σյ񣬸Ͻ뿪һǳɣү񣬺áÿ£
֮ǰ廹ȭţѹκ书ѹû
ɿ뿪ʱ飬鲻ʲô
֮ûһȥˣʽ벻һ˾˽
߹ȥס֣ˣ𣿡Ը⣬һȥԸ⣬ܵȥ
ͷƽߵݣˣ
뵽Ǹδıˣԭ׾˾ˣи飬Ϊദġ
Խȴֻİȴԭľ˾ˣֳ˾ˣҲϵġ
ֻǲڡ
һôģ
֣ûƿߣһֱȴŵᣬĻ𣿡
ţĻʲô
Ī͡޲޵Ļ˰ɣ
գһۣգһ£ͻȻûסЦǰɣҪȢ㻹ҪްҾ˵˵ѡЦ꿴ʧģȴѹסǣɵ˵ϻʵ۲ͬ⣬ܴӦ
ƻ֣ۣĽë۵׵Ȼһʼڴġ
ŵøᣬ֣㲻ܼޡܰ
һ㶣ʶ⣬͵̧ͷ۵׶Ǿ˵⡣
񿴵öˣһۣɶ
ǼܹҪһ޵ġ
ڡ
ʧŶȴ̲סĳȣǾԺֻҪȢˣʱУܵȣҪǲУҲУʵǱߣǱߣȥ취
˼ûסֻϧû⣬ȻʱŬˣȴһڳԲɸӣ뷨һɶô˵ǳ䲻̼㣬㲻ܼޣй¶κǶ¡ϻʵ֪Ƕ䣬㵱
ƴۣһֻܰ͵͵棬Ҳί㡣
ü˭˵ܹˣ
Ʋ⣬бİ취
ؿڣȻ⼸뵽һȫİ취ҲǷҪϻʵΪʡ¿϶ᱻ˵ʱҪһˡˣȹҸʱǰ¶һûݣʱװһҪ޸㡣ֻǰܾҾУʱɾܾϻʵۣܽƵƵߡ
ȫİ취ֻõ
ȴίĥô㻹Ϸ
˼˳㻹ܽһָսҴӵĿ
Ͼ鰮ܱƷһ˵ģʱٳҲᱻɡ
ڣһ˻治Ҷôš
һ˿ûƷĻᡣ

һʱ
һƷ¥¥ᡣ
˽
ѾǸʮӣһۺţ
ü౻´ĥͲǶᶨŽ̽
ֻ˽һۣͰתϣº˵˵ˣǺ£ڴơ
߹ȥڽࡣ
ڴû΢΢¡üģϽȥϸһȷûκ⣬֮ǰƲ⣬˵֤׺ˡ
õڴ׼Ļڳ˶˿
ſιӣǰ׼˺θȻǵĿһ£Ժ󡭡졣
⻰Ͷȥˣû鵽ʲôȻŰɣȴƫš
ΪܿڣǸֹ
ϲʶֻһһ𼸷֮󣬽Ե˵仰Ϊɣһ뿪
¹ϣƹ֣£ϣԴΪأιӵ£ĪҪȴҵˣʱ¾һ䡣ϻʵ֪ԺΪ·ѡ
ҲΪһٵһѰѱ
ƴۣţҲ˵ġ
ưѽĴˡ
֮£²λι̫ϻۣһУЩŵ¶ģͻȻͱˣòԾ
·Ͼ˵ǣۣħ㣬ڣ˵ģҶҲȴߡһ;ҲǾͬһҲ˵
૵ýɫ䡣
Խˣѹţȴǵ˴̼ѹûָ
ΪǸ˿Լ궼ڣ񡭡ҲԼͬƫƫλȴȻİѵ¸κˡ
ʹΪֻҪ£Ҫĺúõġ
٣ڣԸȥ
ǰĵ£һûƺãԼڱѣ׷ȥˡ
ûھжҹ͵͵뿪ˡ
ûȥͣΪĳ֣ȴˡ
ֻǽȴиҪҪ죬ڽ쿪ʼáһ顱ϸڡ
Ҳûȼ죬ϻʵٴϢ˽ӽһˡ
Źͬʱƴһ뿪ͬʱ˸׼һ˹
ϻʵ۲Ե޹ʼҪ˵޵¡
ƶ죬Ǳ߹ЩʱŹ԰ʱ򣬸պһ·ϣƴҲˡ


101 
û뵽, æ񣺡ūż¡
վǰüȥװ׽, û뵽ôˣ, ·, ֮ǰݷùһΣֻû£ʵϧ, ϴ鷿Ҳû˵ϻ, վȻ, Եˡ
ͣ½Ųƫͷ, ֻǵĮɨ, , Ҫǰߡ
ʱͻ֮Ҫתʱ, ߵͻȻһϿ, ϵҲôµ¶ſݣ⣬ʳ䣬׵ݱ, һֻԶ۲µĸ֮
ͻľ.ޣɵۡ
ҲֻǵڵԶԶƼһ棬»ǵڶΣֻ
һֱ֪ӳúãһָʱᱻĻꡣ
Ͻͷˡ
ƶܿ죬ºܿ¸ϣһԵĳŸã˵һԡ
ԭͻȻģȻǻߵĴܹܣȴԲ׼λӣУղ̫ԡ
ǰӲûߡ
ٿӣֻ͵͵ƫͷȥ࣬ԭֻǿ׵Ӵ˿ͷֱӣǻûӸոǾ.лعܿ۵׵ĳԡ
ͷ췢ĵһ˫ڵ޲ðϡ
ⴹѵ̬Ȼܸ𣿹Ȼ͵һӣȻǷŭ
ӲԶųһĺ
ƫƫһλֱţͻȻ֮ǰҪýλ˵ԼǶ䣬Ҫ˵ޣֲԤУЦһӣʱˣҪȥ鷿
ǻع񣬰һ°ͣǲʶԼ̫ãҺûˮ
Ӱ²ʳô
֮һ·ϣ֪ԼˣĵϺõζ
ҧžͲɿˡ
ӻ紫Եûð
š
ôͳôأƽʱʲôϲã
⡭ūʵ֪
ǡϲӻŮ֪ɣ
֪֪Ӳ⣡
ñӳΣ

ñӸ𣿡

ڵ鷿ſʱϲڡˣ
ٱȥԼܶʮꡣ
Ӱ㵽֪֪ǵ£²˵Ժ󵱲ɴǡҲФİ
鷿ʱѾȥһǺŻʵټ
һյĹ鷿´򿪣ƴ߳
߳һ˲䣬͸оԭɢվſڵӣͻȻվֱˣҲͦˣһĨͷĺ췢ǴЦþˣȻվһԣȴֱ߳ˡ
޲ֱӸˡ
濴˫ŲҲһת̧ҪȥʱŵøϽסѣӣ
㡢Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ǻعһ㣬źջߣһ鷿
鷿ϻʵ鲻ϾһܼĴҲָ
ͻȻ˵ǵһԺ͸
ϻʵҲͷ췢ûôۡ
ϡ񣬵ϻʵؾվһԡ
صϻʵԣ֮ǰĲ
Ϊϵܹ̫֪࣬κġ
뵽԰ԼոӶӵģ죬ûҿӵҲûôɣ
ϻʵۿżɽӰ֮ǰ˵޶ˣϲõȷøı䣬Ȼˣ޾Ͳָˡ֪ӿǵӣҲΪͻ顣
һ͵̧ۣȻ۾ľˣϴ˻棿
ϻʵۣϷԣȻģˣ
ֱ֣ȴһǵͷ
ϻʵûסЦЦ⻹˼ˣⳤҲŶǲ֪ļҵĹӣ
ŵòû۾ȥϡǱˡ
⻹кӰӣ㻹Ұ
Ƿﻹǹӡ
ЩͣϻʵһʼΪԼˣ˵˭
ظһ顣
ϻʵʶʲôһЦݵ̫沿ûס˳飬ĥˣǻڣĥŴ۵ˣŭЦǿˣʱ£ô֪
˵գĿһۡ
Ҳ˵ֻǻûü
װû̧ͷҲûϻʵۺ˵͸ոգʱǰӶԵ¡һˡ
ϻʵĿڣȥˡ
뵽ıȨԼӵӣǿƤڳ飺ǻӣܵޡ
һ㶼⣬ӵޣӲġ
ϻʵλˣ޽⣡
ϻʵɶͻ˵ý˼ûˣֱӰѽϳȥˡ
ãȻСɥϲ˵ϷԵ𣿡
ûסһۣ֪ɣҪǿ常棬Ų鷿ͱˡ
һһյӡ滢
棬һ飬⣬ûϴͻ飬һǳɣһʱڸ㶨
ţԺһ꣬϶˵ýˡ
֪ʲô𣿡
ūŵĴūǧ򲻸ãô·
ӱڵϣĴ

ϻص͵ܹƲûЦ裬ûϻʵɫҲ̧ȥ󵽣ϻʵۿ϶˵ȥʺǣֻҪλһ䣬϶ٲŭϻʵۡ
ȻŪңҵҲ߲ˡ
Ȼϻʵ۱ӣȥûһɫڳ뿪ˣȥһɵĵͬڵ󹬵ˡ
ʺϲʹĹˡ
ֻǽգϲûȥҲûȥʺ
ǲ׵ôˣȥ̽Ҳ̽
һߣ˵徹Ȼ˹˵˻һüϻһ꣬ڿʼˣ
ϴȥӸûˣΡȻӹǺˣܲװ˰ɣ
ǣ˼ǰ󣬸ӷӣȥʼԳԡ
룬ֻĿ̫ԣѴĻӣ˳ҲˣȻҲûŹ½
ųⶼһǵĻֹֹס˵˵ʲôϻʵôҪҴĻᣬѽ⵲ס
뵽ԳһӿӵϢϻʵǺ
Ӱųϻʵ۵֮ŭɡ


102 
Լ, ǷֿʱȥԳ
ȵ֮ٵĿȻ˶֮ϷȽϷΧ, ʱӹס˵Ҳ²ס
Ȼ, ǽ, ȴû˵ϴ˶ˣЦŻһȦ, û, ɫ˳, ֮ǰҲûô¶棬Ҫǲ, ܶ˵岻, ǲǿ磿
ʱͬڻԼӵܰһ, ǡǲǱ³çһǲ̫, ҲǱŻѵ, պ岡ˣǻֵܼòܴյһ𡭡
༸ﲻ֪϶ڸףô˵Ҳ磬ɵֳ뾹ȻҲݸϢ, ̫ûζˡ
Լٹʹʲ˵ʲôЩϵѧǶҲûӡ󣬱ϾТҲϰס
⻰ȴҾôӣֻѰͷҲµơ
ʱģЩȫöֺֺǣҪСزȷı͵óѣǡСҪѽҪ񻹺أȽΪһλǣɲ볪Ϸ
ֻûոЩһ֣Ӳ񣬶ǰһװϵӣȻ￴Ͻ˭áһλȨյ常أʱҲǿˣӿν൱ˣԼµĽʿܸԷ˵ʱʱ͵㶫ȥȻȻҲжһݣȴ˶Ů
Ļ˽ûַ죬ȴһѵܹȴһ£϶λ׼ӡ
ɽλӶԽΪ⣬ϵĽɽɽʱչ۲Է䱦սҲΪƳ³µ䱦һóֶĿδżδеׯǼ죬䱦ֱ
ȨֻҪλ£֣γı֮²ɣ
Ӷ϶飬ǡǻл᣿
ǺǺܿڻӴһƬӶ㣬Ҫ˵ЩʱͱӵܣһٲȻԳĻ棬öǱһԡԳǻʼҵģҲǶӵģֻԷߣӵ˲Ų⣬Ҫ߳Ϊɣһʱ쳣
ĥô˲ϴǣȻǸеģδŭҪ˵ʱû壬ɴ࿪ڣ廹ûǲˣȥ԰ɡ
⻰һ䣬룬׷ףҲǲˡ
ʱߵĽͻȻһϲ̫ϲɫûѹסֻϲţҲ𣿡
ӱͲøոЩ˶ʱƼһ˫ۼΪ鿴ΪΧ鲻Ȼһģò٣˵òȷ壬ֻʱˣûǲġ
𰡣ⲻǻһЩʱٵȵȰɡЩж߳רߵ࣬ǻϲ˲⣬ô£Ǻ֪ڶˣ
ող̲
Ҳһ£֮ƳĿżʵģͦͦţ־ϲ׹ϵãߣ׽ô⹴ָСӲǹˣͿһҲӣȻô˵ˣȷûʱҲ¾ˡ
ô˵ˣȻҲ˵ʲô
ֻȴɻܾáӵķӦеֵֹġ
ʣӲԼʱպùʱǵĲҲõ֤ʵ
ǱԶԶƼ˹ûôع񣬾͸оͻȻವһһֻýƱʹ˳ٶȽһһ䲻һĿࡣ
Ǵڹȥ֮󣬾Ϳ˷ȸԾżԱӣΧһȦתű˵ʲôʲô˵۲ۣһ·Ͽʲ᲻ᣬҪҪȿ㶫ԣ˷ֺܼõģǡǰλżĶ
ˣ֪ΪΣͻȻͨζ˫Ҳ봽ۣλӣǸ䰡һеô黹ʲô
⾹ȻΪˣ
ͻȻ뵽֮ǰҺҪѸʻҲԸĸӵޣϼ֮󣬾ͷˣڲӣҲüûȥʺ
Ҳ˵֪ˣ
뵽֮ǰҲһθպӣ֪ôӾͿˣ
ʱϢҲ˵ǲϲӲһģƫƫ뺯˸һˡ
ͨһͬŻûعĶӣ˵˵϶/զģզôͷŶԣԵأ
Ӻ֪عһɷɷ׵ģ֪ΪʲôͻȻĸˣôôˣ˭ÿϿˣܵǵô
ǣΪֲĶüǰͻȻ͸ӣüõܣܸǲǲ̫ף¾Ҫʼˣȥѡңȥܡ
էȻãȻӣٿӣԹǱĸֿ֯Ůţɣϳɤӣӡ
˷ҲûôãУ
ŲӣһΪŬȡģҾȥ
˷˴ˣҪˣҪҪɿһ£ҪĿ𣿣
ҪǽӸ壬ͷɢ˸ʾĸôܳ踸ʶΪղһڸĿһѺۣѺպֻ
ҧܣ˵սѹԺȥ˵ҵġ
⻰˵꣬Ϊֱ̧ˣͻȻֲԤУͿŵӣȦôһ죬ıӰ֣࣬²ҪߡҶ¿ɼ˭ҲֿܷҲ赲ҶģӣôôңôܲɢҺ͵£ҵĺʹ
һģ˻ΣֻʹҾûĶĶʹ
ֹɽֱӴͥھôˣⲻǻصǣԳڶӱϢܴˡ
ģλ֡
⻹㣬һûסͿѿͳ׷˹ȥ߰ȵңѽôǣôôִֻʲôôôӲҸվ͸һ֤ġ۲ۣⶼ˺üˣĲҪҷɣ㰡Ҷ¿ɼôռأⶼ޷ƵİⰡ
ĿɿڴȻǹģ龢찡һ²ɣҪˣ϶ýˡ
ͬ鿴˶һۡ
˻ΣĸϽסŵ㰡ҪǸϽ׷ȥɣһһͳˣĳˡ
ϾϸŸԼֵҸ޵ģ֪ġΪأ
˵һ£˹Źִԩ


103 
ڶӵ˵Ĺ, ҲӺˡ
ԭǲӵģӴžһ˦޾ȥˡֻһ£û׷, û׷ϣӡȴ׷ˡ
ȶӵõ涼ɵۣ˵ʲô׷ˣôô죿
Ҫ˵ŵˣ⡢²֪ǹ, ó, š
˶һۣһ£ˣԶһܿ, û, ڵ, ûѸ˦˦ˣԼ˸˦ˡӻǸӹǲõ, ӿ̵ܸ, û, ҲһӲϹҪǱӵóӶô, ʱ˦û˦
ǵǲӸҶʲô, һһҧһӶʲôɾ̫͡ˡ
ʱصᶼĺúõģ˵ӲǹģǶŰ
һѪؿڣҧŸȥˣ
ˢˢͷȥҽƵʱ, ȴһ·˦ȥˣ˶óģʵս飬ǵݸʱ·һЩҲòϲָ֮ǲ˺ܿԶˡ
ȷû˸µ΢͵˦һ֣ʱͻȻһԾͳƵȥ
һæһ̣ǰĵλüͷ̫Σˣ´β
û˵꣬ͱͷһ£ں䣬ĬĬͷ׻ȥ

һжشͣµϷʱϧôڱƤӵ͵͵.һ£ֱһζġ
һֱעߣƼɫͫֻϧϷҲҪݵġ
¸Էһǰȥ˼׷ǰ
ûټ񱼣ǹ˵ȣӶǾϲǰͷ죬һˣӣ׷ˣΪѰǿŤĹϵǲġ
ͷûǿŤϰµͣˣǲģҲϽæǰŰ
һһó̵þǰ׷ȥ
ڲʱͻȻͿ׷ӵֱӾһѰӸ̵Լϣýģһ֣ͻȻƣ͵һ̧֣һ˦βӾôǵƤӵ˫˫˦ˣһŵأǽʵʵѹ.ϣҲˣΪˤϵ߶ϿһָպӴϡ
ɵۣˣ
ҲһϽæû¶ɣţû뵽ȫӱţȥûˡ
ȴȻС׵⣬ȷǹռӱˣ
ǣȲ˴ҴҸϵʱͿһĻһ̣Ϳһûסһֵߣ۵³һѪ
ˣ궿ӣӶѪˡ
Ȼ֪ͺõһϷĿѪŵһ飬Ͼ̫ˣոһûӦһ漴ϷզˣҰչȥӾĻ
ˣʲô
ܿͿӵǣһƥɫ̫ÿڿԼˣһǰӻӹӣһǣŻЩ궯ָƨ.ϵһ̫ԵĵطӣֽŲҼүƥͣô£һƨ.ϵ˭ģҪӣүûˣ
һ㶣ոӺ˵µͣģǻΪΪҽڹô˵ģ
ǴսһȻƨ.һ룬ֲôԶǻΪΪһֱ׷˵ҲǣӹǲãǺúõ׷ôöģҪ˵ˡ
뵽֮ǰɵ£̲סˢˢӡ
ӣ
Ϊһͳô⣬ǲˣһ뿪سǣǸȥ鵽ô£Ҳ׷׸ϽȥҲǣڡ
һʱ鷿ڡ
ϻʵɫڳͷ棬෢ʹüģŹͷϴ϶Լӣһ͵һԼ˵⵽ô£
ڶӿǰ̺ԩ޹أǽӵܵȥԣ˭֪£
ĻҲϽţҲǡ
ϻʵĿһɨڶӺͽϣ˵أ
һǻ㱣ûģϻʵ棬̲סһڵ壿
뵽⣬ɫǿһЩ뵽Է壬ûʲôɫȴûֱʶӣ϶ôͣܺúõģµôᱻǰ룿
Ҳһ£ô֪Ҳأ⡭Ҳֻ֪ǡ
ֻʲôϻʵǰڣǰ϶ڼģأϻþͱ¶ˣ֮ǰ͵.ȥ壬ҪǲĲˣʲôװ
ǰһֻ۱һֻҲͰˣΪƫƫһӿۣ׾嵱Ŀԣ
Ѿ˵ˣȻҲŹô壿
ϻʵĲûټ磬ǺۣʣǶĴѴ̡񻹻ţܵİΣҪȥܴǰܲѣҲûˡӹǺˣضضúòлʣû뵽úһֵܾһܱ־棬ֶ˭ö֪ܾȻȻģҪ֪
˵ţһʣǿ˳
ϻʵŶί޵òģüɻѵԩ϶
ϻʵ۱黺Ͳ٣ǿŶĨȴ̲סĽ͵͵ģ϶һ˳˼ҲƣҲλ˵ʲôأҽȥˣֻǼĲѪѾˡֻ£һҪô£һˣɢ˰ɣӾйͣ
ӺҡͷϣӲҪʹͣȥ𣿡
ϻʵһ飺ȻУ
Ͳ٣ȴҲŲݷѣţҲȥúþ
ȵľ仰αҲûϻʵۻôŶӣϻʵŶ޹İտɲһţΪ֮¶λҵ̵棬ȻҲΪ˸ޡ
Ӷˣɶӻûϻʵôţɼϻʵ۵ĿУҪ
ǴĻﻹûʲôܲҵ¶


104 
λӳ˹ֱ¥, ĿôȻġ
һһֱΪܱϻģϾǸʳ谮, ֳôĿ࣬ʼȻϻǾ˵˵İڸĿвһ
ӹ˵, ͳֶԸ, պΪᴢİʯأȻˡ
屻϶ô, öѪ, ˵϶ûϵ, Լ϶׼ģôôɣ
Ƕ׵ĵ, ɸʾΪ϶ôһίô, , ǰˣڸĿ, ıȲ϶Ҫ
Ҳ, Ͼ϶һװҲԣʲͳһף
ﲻ̹ӣϾ˿, ͷ˿ɲɵ
Ȼ˲¥ѾȻˣǴųܵ͵һ¥䣬ûҸᡣ
һ㣬ġ
ι˵𣿡
˵ʲô
ʲôǼλ°˵뼸λȥԳ²ôţҲ²ӰѼλȥԼλӵܣҲ㣬Ӹȥˡ
Ȼӵܣλ·Ҳûʲôϡİǲǳʲôˣ˵ӿǶأ֮ǰҪͻ飬ֱӵ˵ˣǰտǴ÷зģôλӱǿӵеһλ˰ɣˡ
Ķ⻹̼ˡǴսѹ˵ģɼλ䣬Ͳýһ
һλˣʲô⡢ⲻأ
ƭ˵ӱӲû취ֱӾˣôţƥ˶ֽţһܣ£ҿǹó׷ȥ;ӣζһ࣬ͬ𾪵Ŀһھˮ͵͵ƳܣѹǲҲ뵽ʲôˣӵ£èȥˡ²»˭
ⲻԵǲǡ˸Ͻ죬ղ񣬡һֱ粻һֱ˵λʴơ
㻹ŰǸŵոЩҲĶǵģڹﳤĻлû˼˵λ̫ɾˣһ覴ҲûУǰ;ò̫Ծһ㲻õĵطûУˣǰ;λͦװģһƣȻβǲǾ¶ˣҹŰҪǸպ׷ƴӣǡӹǣʱһˤǲҲзˡ
Ӷ˵Ҳˣ𣿡
ǲ˵ɲ˵ôҽˣģǺպͿϲþˣȻģһܿ˲𣿡գգۣԷɴۣһôеû뵽ӾȻĶӵı顣
ȻѹɸҲˣʱʹһѣͷӶԼһգıӷӽϵ¸˳ȥ
ܽ㣺ӲǱôϰﲻһȻǶ䣬ҲǸۺóĶ䣬ϧðΣվӡ
̹ͦˣϢڵõϢʱѾ޷ƣ˸ĲȴٿĪ磬û֣װôõĺֳˣ˵Ը廹Ըϴǣĸǻʺǲľ֣
ȥ̽ˣϢֵ֮òУǱ¼һûɣʱǿѪµûͦģһ
ƣֻ׼õѪѪôָģû¡ҲŵˡĿһۣ㵱ʱôͻȻŵˡ
һƳС˼ܲ²ЦеģŶҪҪҰнлꣿ԰ظػ꣬ء
Լû˵ֵòУӣһȴƸ˹ȥлͲˣҾòһ¸ʵʡ
ⶺŶô
ƴյϸһǽƤҲ̲סһ죬һۣƿվ
۳ںڵͫʣôţǴ󹷣ýͿһҲǲԡ
˫һ붯ͷжʾ⣬ȶȹܼҵſڳʵ£ȴѾ˵ףܼͱԸûرҪܹţǳǡ常Ǳߵ¡
常Ѿ֪ˣԭΪȥȴû뵽ܼҴҴҵӣˣ
Ͻƶãһ۴Ҵҹȥˣȵ˴ãȻü˼Ŀ⿴Ƽ㷵С̾Ϣһ㡢˵ʲôã˽һ£ͷˡ
õϢʱһŵھӪûõϢ֪ʱѾôˣֱûعߡ
飬Ȼһʼ֪常Ҫ֪Ŀ飬常ⲻǣҲû뵽ô¡ˣҲסǣ
Ŀһۣ㻹ˣʱ£
͡ϴνҪѡϱǻȥ԰˵£ϵߵˣҾͿģˣ常Ҳ֪ƽʱźÿøУΪԼƽʱ˵Ҳûôš㲻֪³áһãһƹȥ͡鲻Խ۾þˣϻ˷ܵ΢죬ģɲɡ
ʶôûͷһο¶飬ϵĤݵģҪĳĶͷСĵĶЩ껹ʱȾҲһ飬ʹûͷҲŲκˣѾôˣû뵽ٴԼϿ
ɶһ£ȴ֮ݵĲ𣬸Ҫ˵Ҳû˵Ƕ䡣
⺢ӣ常ɡ֮ܡο¶㡭û˼ô㣿
֪ǵԼǰһ常֪ԣ˶ʤ졣һأǲԣô֪ûܣպڣһԣɹǺãǲɹԼеҲ޺
˵ʲôģ常ڣȻúû㡣ˣ常ֹ㣬һ꣬常ֻһʱ䣬ҪǵʱȻû˼͹ԹԷ֡ʱԽԽɾͻˡ
ȰȻǹԹףֻǶǲǶԵ
˵ޣҲüһֱԼŮ޿ޣЩ궼ڱ߹ţʵԾеҲֻ˵δû뵽ջûþ£̾Ϣһ¡֡ɵҲè壬ҪôǶӣҪô˹ݺӡ
ΪŮϵʱԸ⻳
֮󣬿δظǳŶӸȥۻ˷䣬λҵҪ֡
ദЩʱ֪Ϊˣ۾ݲɳӣǰû֤ʲôûʲôɲ檵ͷãϾǷ£ǶԸҲ˵ʲô˵Ųɣȴ˽λңƷ⣬ʱĽ¶ֻᷴɵĸ
һϢȴͻȻըˣӡ˵ˡ
еõϢ˶ɵۣôܣӲ˵˺üôôö˶˵ͻȻ˵ˣ֪ΪΣͻȻǰԳӱƲ£Ӿ֮ȴδ³һѪĪǡѪܾ֮øܿˣ


105 
ӵõϢʱ, һûȥԴϴԳ֮ûһ˳ģ㵽ͷϣ˺üʲôû鵽˵, ȴЩάֵĺͻȻ, ǰ˶ڿ, ȴﲻһ
Ҳʲô°Ǳԩİ
߻ûϴõˮǱ塭ȻΪԳø˵ˣ
ֻһͷ, òС
ǵõϢǵ, ûԳ֮󸸻ʵ̬, Ҳᵣ˵֮᲻вԴӼʶʶ̬, ǹ, ʵʵҲ, Ѫ㱻Ҳֻ϶, Ѿû֧, ¼ҹһвݵ͵ġ
Ϊӣɴ׷˶ȥףأȻҲȥƣǲ˵, ⻹ϡ¡
ҽ˵嵽ǺԵɣθȥĻҽ
ҽ֮ȷܿˡ
Ϊ˵ʱ̣뵽֮ǰѪ£ȼصϻʵۣϣϸû⣬֮˵֮ǰԳܵ³һѪ˵֮Բ˵Ϊ˷ȻãʱպǸϿʱ򣬴֪ԼǼľϰˡֱŵģһһѵǿڱ³ɲǺˣϲϺϲϣǴ¡
ϻʵ۵ûʲôоԼĻӲǲмܿڵ鲻һӣͣ
ʹԴԴϵӸΪأϻʵרžһᣬأֵġ
ٹҲ˵ӣܸӵĶˣԼȻҲУǰ˹ֻǵǰһʱŷüͣƽŲ
˵ûʲô⣬սô꣬һùȻƳߣôˣ
էȻǰͷ常̧ͷʱﻹеãȻʶ常ʲô˵֪常֪϶ʲôȴҲһ죬ϣڵƲУӣͷ˲䵲סһЩȻı飬첻ô̰ˣˡ
⻰û˵٣ȷˣ̰ʹùȣ岻һ֣˭֪ʧ㣬ȻĹͷ
Ҫ־͹Сˣ˵ʲô˵Ҫ֪ϴܿڵʱǲˣ
֮ûֵܵסɫɫǰͽźˡ
ûûƤĻɲҸ˵ѰôڣҲû룬Ͼǹ¼ҹˣʵʵڸĶûȥ
ȻᣬҲܷôԺˣĸ첲ȶܡ㿪ʼ˵̣ȴ˲٣Ϊߵڱǰ԰ʱƣǿ쵽ʱ򣬸ٵ԰һξĵطˡ
λӡ󲻺òۣ¿һȦƺϣϲ
ۣ̬ȼΪл롣ܵͣſȴԹ࣬һֱ۳ǰչĶǺÿ̲ס࿴һۣ˵⼸λӵȣλʤһģӦҲãͨ󣬲Ұġ
ֻ뵽ģã뵽ûϢɫӣȻһͷͿֱơ
ȿȡ͵صͿһѽע㣬ɻڹ
Ҫ߹ǰ͵͵һۣƳȥͱץУϽ
һ߿ԼֻһάסôһģֱǰȥƷһ̣˻


ſƻĽûۿصɴۣûϢûϢˤͶͱô
޹ɸֵ常Ҫ˵
һۣȴûƷſԼҳСӣǿ˿ڣֵģģС𣿡˵Ҳ֣˵˵⺢Ӿͷ¡˵ţ.ֲסһߵ֣һҲסˣҲû˵Ʒ֡
ƾôϡͿҲһһ߲ǰߡ
ĳһĿɿڴǣôģɱһаٵģܲһӣ
֪Ӧǡ常常ǸദĻᰡԼϡͿĸӴϵ
ôţǸС֮ǰʲôôôǰ졣
бһۣҲϷǹˡ
·ûУô׷ĸ
͵.ȸĴָ
쵽԰ܱĵط֣Ҳˣ鷳ˡ£ˣǾͲ£ǣǲһ˵ӶҵᣬȴҲñ֪ôϸţͻȻּ޶ӵĸоһϸ׵ģָоȴĪúģֱĸо
ʵ֣Ȼᣬɻ֣Ŀ뿪ȴڽ˼
һᵹǱˣ˵˵ֻһʼ˵仰ʱ򶼳ĬǸˣϻʵ鲻ظġ
;н뿪ûãǮҲ˳ȥ
һ;ôȥֻǳ϶ǮмûʲôӴǮһѧɣһҲô˽ӴƼҲʲô
ɽǰ֪ݣȻ֪λǮλ֮һרȥҶӣָΪ֮ǰ£ڳ⵱ҵŮĶӣԼϸѯһ
۵סǣƶһۣ߲ɫһˮҪȵʱͻȻؿڿôһﱭĲˮвٽλŵĻӡ
ĻһϽվҲűӣȴҲǸ⣬ԲסΪɤЩƣߵĶ˿ĻӸϽڰ֣ȴΪմЩˮҲҴ뿪ȥƫһ
һʱ򣬶ȻʱǮҲˡ
ֵ˺һĻȴǻˣһɨ֮ǰմˮĲü۵ͶѹЦ⣬֪ǳˣƫͷδ䣬ĸɻã
ĻӴȰ֣Ȳ£ͷ͸ˣû¶ɣӹҪעЩ
̸ֻ䣬ܿ͸Ÿ裬ĻȴǴҴҸˡ
Ͻϴ£ƾ͵͵ˣϢ򿪽ţ¹غú˹ۣ߱˽ǰȴûſڴϽ°ڡ
ͷһۣأ㣬Űɡ
ûסЦһ£ã㰴һ£ûġ
ֱֱһۣǲ˵ΪԼôƵģȻѵͶðײãſ鲻ǱôĻĸֻһŮҵҲУʺԴӷ֮հ
ζǮнӴ±Ļ֪ˣǾ൱ڱ֪ˡ
ôܲ²飿ǰ鲻ûϵǲ鲻ҲܰϢʱǰ䣬ҧǻһë
ȻǵĿҲֻһǮߣǰĸۼˣʱҳһ࣬Ӱţǲˡ
ºŵϢĿɿڴ϶֪в͵ȵè˾ȻһңΪ£ĹİҶ͵͵Ȣ˵ֵǸҲһҪ˵һȥνĳɾͱˣ˵Ҫˣ
Уúúƣô϶߽¶


106 
һֱѰһ, û뵽ûþҵһܽ¶϶İ취
ܿ˵ûãҪʼ׼ʮڣǸԲ, ڻаµʱҲ֪ô, ͻȻһϢ, ˵ǳܺããһһ׼
Ϣһ겻еĸ˴, ˵ɻֻϧû, ϸ¸ȥһ, ôţȻͻˡϸ˵ʱ֤, ȷǶδ, Ϣһ, ûþʹˣΧ, жš
ֵĲ¥, ڰֻ򿪴һͷ˵ˣ´аĺܣ˵һ䣬ǰ³һ, ҪˣºʮǾ˫ϲţһˣҪǸλһȥǾǶϲš
ҵ׺òģͷ͸Լҷᣬв޵ģʼ׼ȥƣһݣҲܶһˡ
ƼӸĹܼҲУ̲סģͷģɴӶ࣬Ѿյıյ
Ƴһۣˮˮ
ƵֵͣΪߺýôֹƻζˣЩá
ͷ˳ԼܴһЩȵۣοһۣռ˾ֱ˵ٻһ¡
Ƹɴ̹ȻӦˣҪι㣿
ӵĹܼ˷ܵˣһʣôι˵عһͷĳֱֱֳ̧ۣƣ˵ģӸĹܼˣҪ϶ǮеλŮ֪ǱӦûˣλôˣ
ҲûʲôֻһЩ߰.ָǰվͰźã⼸λլۡԱ߿ʼɢµ飬ܻõϢġ
ҲǣϾЩʱտǻ˲ٹɢϢΪôȻճһȥʱλ֪Ҷۼһ𣬵Ȼˣֻλ
ϷȻԽԽá
ƺˮ֮»صռ䣬ǵһ뿪˲¥֮ûظֱӽһȥ
ȷλֻҪõϢһȥ£Ӻƭǵʱ򣬾õպ̳дͳ֮ضΪȻ˻ಢ֪ԷĴڣֻԼǶһʹɻʺ󣬵Ҳġ
ֻǶƽΪάסԼĳ裬ʱվڶӸŶҲñ֪ʹȥңҲ͵͵.ģǴȻ࣬ϻҪֳΣλһ굽ͷദĻҲֻôΣټʱʱԣҲûܻϡ
żֻҪܵãλþˣϾӣһżͶҽ飬ǿ϶취ȥ
ΪǻȻھǲԶŪ˸ۡȴƽʱŲΡɲʹˡ
մӾӪܼ˵ˣȥõʱͿԴģСӣôˣ
Цһǰ彣Ȼ常ˣ常¡
Цһۣ.͸Ĩһ˵ɣʲô£
վżеƮȴȻȣô췻иԣⲻ˵˾͹ô
֣ʲôԣƽھӪ治֪ʲôԡ
˵Ǹúġ
һ㶣еֻͷŽŹһڽƽ̹Сϣĳ常˵㣬㿴ӣǸжȥҲ
˺þò⣬죬常ɱϹ˵ĶΪ˵껹ۣܿҿڿռЦҾǾͦģǱԵʲôҲ鰡ʲôã
ף˵ԵôϷһ
常Ҳźһȥģⲻһȥ˼ôԡ常һȥ£
һۣȥϷһͣһȺ︾ȥãȥ
常˲ǣ˭˵ǸȥǿһȥպùʱѾ޿϶زǰһϻҶ¥һһ٣ǲͦãҲǸദĻᣬ֮Թϵദʱ٣ŮôѪϵ׽ˡ
ΨһģսھУΪ࣬Ӹ׽γлϥ£ԣһ̲סģȾᡭȥ𣿡
ЦЦ¾Ͱںϣȥһ˶Ӹ常ʱճһȥ򡣡
ȴȥ˶ӸֱӲŵĶӣֻ˵ˣ۾ۡ
ʱ䱾ͱ紫̫ףѰһ֮ǰ裬ҲֺõıȨȻദһǣߺƣȶͬˣ˸
һߣ˼ǮеλŮͷôöҲȥ͵õϢ˵ǶҪŶȥ£ֱ̫˰ɵ޲̵죡
һ磬һ͵ȥ֮ͼȥ˶Ӹ
׼ΪҪǣ½˶ûӣֻǷͽĸһǰ¡
һ·ϣΪǰ֣Զ꺮ůһֱüҲ̲סչ
һԵĽĬĬһĻȻԲס常ŮտӵĿҲֹԺˣôҵ³
ݵĶӣ뵽ҴʱĶԱȣʱ򡭡ֻᷴĸס
һʱ¡
ͣɽµʱһͱǰɽ˺ĳ𾪵ˣҲסˣôôˣ
װɵ⡭ǽǳһɡ
˶ѾˣҲܻȥȥӻȴһϲɫүСĴˣ֮ôˣΪر飬ԽӵľͶ˲٣պ÷ҲȥһݡȻѾλСӣܻϵүöһЩҲǺõġ
һ㶣֪ΪΣܾܲŤͷһԼһЦţȻȥһģֻӲͷƤװϲû뵽εˡ
˱һµĽûԵ£Ų˼ûֱ׸Ů˵ֱӰڰ֣߰ɣȥ
ֻܸţһɽߣһ룬Ȼۡǡôɵ²ǣ
ֻ֪ǣλˣһݶᣬΪϻñȡˣôһȥ͸պõȵ˵ڶΪǾйټҵŮ£ǰ϶ǼģҲ죬ԴӸ֮ͷһμ棬ôһ̲ס̸䡣
Ϊ˼ɶ²ᣬֱ˵̼֣ͷλʱΪµû̫ע⡣
ֻ˶࣬ӵĴǰһλģǵλλ
ûǰ棬ȴԶ޻̼֣λҶһۣ￩һ£ôɵĪֲϾǵŮȻǵĸ׶ƷĹ٣ôҲܶ׷¼ްɣ޵⣿
ֻ˴û𴩣εվȴŭⷭ죬⡢⵽ô£
ʱһڱŵӵĴǰһ̧ͷͿǰĻһվ毺õĸˣӱҲֻǾ죬Ƴһۣλһ㣬˹ƼϤݣֻһɣ


107 
ŵһֱӱɫ, Ҳֻһ˲ָֻɼʹˣλҲƼˣǲɵ, ƼǣȻʶ, Ҳ, ֻҪκһŪȥҲˡ
ɶӿȴ㣬ǡǺúŪģһ, ǡأ
λҼȻܸĲϧ˵¼ҲҪŶ, Ե, һǶòڵֻеλõģϵʹұȡ, ǸŪ, ҲԸڶ, ΪӵԼңԼ, Ϊܳĳ, ңܳΪϵλĿֻҪӵɻϣǼʹֻǸң˺, ξǸƾ¡
˭֪ӿӣֻǶһһУǡֱΣ
λʹúܣ췹Ѿһپ٣һľ档
ֻˡ
οպǶӵʵۣ󹬼ǧԴ׷
ʹֻܵºöӸǽ͡
λҶһۣӯӯʩЦЦȻȷҲ֪ȴ
ҲȻȴţֻǿתߣ˿ѡ֣ǵĸڳде岿⣬ҲǶֳĴϻۣûѡˡ
ĸһѡõˣȻ¶ǵǴûҴ
ڳϤӵˣҲģүôˣ
ӸɿһתͷᳯЦЦû£ֻǽͷЩǸϽȥһݻȥɡ
ȴ˳Ÿոնӿȥķȥһ֮²죬Ǽλ޵ġ죬Ҳ֪ǶļҵģǹȴǼǲסˡ
ӸϽɨֺۣܿջߣֻѰˣŵҲӵģǵ͵ģǱˡ
Ȼ̬֣ȴҲ벻λңȷǣϴɴҲǲûϳס
ɿϽСŶȥ
һĻ۵ףǲײɵĴ̫ˣȻô󹦷˶ټȻ¾ôˣˣǡиҲӦ
ڶӺͶҪ̤ϴ̨ʱһЦ𣺡磡
ӱŶĶһ٣һ飬ƫͷұ߿ȥͼĻλվԵһߣֻһ˳Ϊ׵һǸһˣûдñׯ磬ҲżŮӡ
ӰһãΪ׵λ
һ˫Ц⼸ס.ֵļֱܿӣ簡˵˵̫ˣﶼ磬ֱԵֵ˵ס
ĥź֮ǰĲʱõ֤ʵ˵ŻЦųϷλȥλҡ
һȷͦɵģӣ
ĶǮģϾǸӣѵһôŶҪúþһ϶ǰÿе㲻ģ˭֪϶ùݰԭΪֻǮһλңǴҴġ
˭֪ʹŷ˴ӽ·Ϲڰţλ֮ôҲס֮϶Ҵ˭֪ѹ֣λҡײλ
ͰβǮλңһ͵ûЦᣬ϶ǹݣһȻ˽Ūң
仨һվǿö˰
ֱҲҷģֻҪԼ¶϶
ֻû뵽ǣλǾȻУǵҪҪĺ䶯ľ춯أýµĶ֪£
϶Ρǳѡ
ͷлӦ£Ťͷȥ͵͵λңǸϽˣԤУ϶֪ˣ
λҶһۣǵպ˵ڵȷ̫ס
ֻǻûת˿ڣףⲻǮмҵǧ𣿻ҵҵģôҲˣȻˣһݰݰɡԴǳޣҲûˡ
λԼɫ˱䣬ֻӺǣǻΪŮбװʶӣȴʶģûǰϯüٰᣬӲͷƤҲֻɺϣ˿ڣǲܵ
λһһ˶˴ſڣӱȥ𴦣ֱŶֺŶɩȾʹλȥһԣȴԶպܱļ
ƽʱׯ磬ʱȴŴЦţ飬˵λҲһ˰ɣкϢˣҲǵģ˵˾ͼˣҲû룬ͻȻˣǳʲôˣǰûҲ֪Ǽ޵ļҵģ
Ӳǿ˿ǣô˵ѵҲҪ˵̼֣һڿ϶¶ݣЦЦ͡Ѱ˼ҡ
װ죬찡ɣǺôƷҵĵŮô᣿˵Уô޵ˣԭΪǼ޵ԶȻ£Ҳ⸽İɣ
ѹװɵĻᣬֱӴɰʵ׵ļơ
λ֧֧᲻˵Ѱ˼ҡǴͷߣԹӾȻôǣ˵õֻȢһңʹѾжҲǶһݵģ˭֪
ǾȻôŪˣôţȴΪ˲ٵպٻֻӲͷƤ¿ͷӦ
ԶüһĻΪŮ˹кһģֻʱţֻã֮ǰ;֣ϾȻھУɳǼλҲ֪ġ
úõĹﾹȻ޻¼ޣһ˵¼ޣ޵ĶǾ⣬ôϢû
ˣԴȾȥǱߣŮڣƵƵǱ߿ͷ϶ǺӦӵĻҲһûһġ
ùŹֻ֣Ǿò̫Ծȴû룬Ͼƽʱǰװ̫
ȴʱͻȻڣ常ôλƵƵ򰡣
Ŀ⿴ȥȻλ͵.Ů߿üҲ˰ɡ
ɿֻȴֲ֪ʱԽԽˣΪӵ˶࣬Ϊ˳.ģСһģλҳöòôվһ使λǿģݼõģ̲ס࿴ۡ
һͷֲԾĵطôλλӿ
ѵλӵ檣
λӺø
Ľʵģ̲סٿڹάλӵøȻȢô绨λ檣Ÿ֪ġ
˵ʲôӱͱһңͻȻôһͱһ䡣
ŷԼͱСԼɫŹֿƤЦⲻЦ˾䣬簡ǾͲˣô֪ĻΪ鱻˴ʹأ
ȻǶԶ˵ʵЦԼȴǹġ
һۣ۵ţȻԸǸط룬⻰лǹڸʲô
ͷͻȻ常߽ˣ˵ţͻȻͳλȥ
ɫ䣬͵ؾҪڣֱ󱳵ļһãʱϺ̹ܵ˵
ҲˣѹϷֻ֤һ£ǼٵϷǸġʣµĻû˵ڣҲܣϣֻˡ
ǱȴѾ߹ȥסλҵߣǷļҵģ˭
λ֨һȴü۶壬˵ôѵýϣֻǱͷң
ǲͬģϽǻûѹͣ˶ˣƵƵλɫ䣬ʸڷϣǲǣ˾Ȣģֻǡ
ֻʲôȴ˵ֻǿӵķ򡭡
ˣѾ˵ˣң
ɫ䣬ԶԶֻڱᡱǻһ£ѵѾ˵ˣôܸӣɫһףۣûȴ൱Ĭˡ
ȾƽʣӱºͣΪ׾࣬ҲȻһֱվû˵ȿյͻȻ˵ôһ仹⻰̫Ͼ˵ýͲ̫ףɵȴͻȻʲôۣǡǡ
˶һۣȴҲ֪鵽һ￪һĺûᣬĸ
Ⱦһ˲˻βˤסˡ
߸վû龢ȥôһ䣬ɵۣһʲô
˸ɴӲͷƤͷû
˶ˣû뵽ֻӣȻ£λλӵ檰ֻңλޣѵ޲֪⹫ң
Ǵ󳣹Ҳû˵÷檰ѵƶʣ
ǺɲѵʱµֹˣվһԵӣϽ񣺡ӷļӵ£˵Ҫ¾һλɮл¡
Цúϲ죬ȻһƳܣȻֺӶˣϽ
Ӻס϶ʱĸȥ֣Ϊôǵ϶ݣЦзסֲֵؿⱾӦõġŷӣû뵽ȻҶ硭㿴㣬ôŶɩء
ô״һ䣬һʼΪӵ𾪣仰ϸ룬磿ɩ
Ǹոλǡ£
ɶӲǡǷĶԶһƬ檣ֻһһ˫ˣ
λң
뵽ƽʱǼҷƵƵö˵ǣ˵Ӷõӣúüûôר飬أƽʱΪ¾òӦԼҷˣ˫ð˷ܵĹ⣬˰ɣ㿴㿴ǲǱˣ
أǺôȴǱﲻһһױһף
ͻȻַ˵ĸо̲ס͵͵ɫĶӿȥ˷ϳɤס
ö˻Σ֪γˡ


108 
ȴֲӪôôһ, ôô죿
ＱòУ취ĿǰľƸŤתˣֻҪֻҪȾԭ¾;û⡣
뵽, ʱ˫۾ͺˣճȾ, ߹ȥ, ɱֻǱŵȾ͵һ¡
ſȾ, , պµȻȥҸ, ҡ
Ⱦ˳յôҲû뵽֮ǰڴ, ܵ, û뵽ȴһĻ, ƭòҰһʼδἰЩ檵Ļ, ҲҲΪڴ
һ, ἰӣǳɻ꣬ϤˣƽʱΪ˼װദʱպܶ, ҲΪ˽⡣
ȻȿһĻȾһڹ֮ңӻҲö٣ɡɡ
ȴֲԸôˣĿ۵ɺӡ
Ⱦʹʱһڴ𾪷ŭлعȭվҪǰȴȻסˣ漴֣ǰֱһקסӵ½һȭȥ޳ܵСˣƭĺòңɻʱô常˵ģ
˵ʲôⱲӻãⱲӾһ˵ʲô㲻ˣһһģⱲ檡常ô޸㣿
ɽأ㵹ǺãȢټ֮ŮôֱͿھ˵Ҫ檣ǻӣ͵.Ȣʲô˼ǾϼҺ۸Ǿ常ر߹ƴƴػ߾ʱھУҹ۸ǲǣ
ð飬λҶӣôţ˵ֻҪĺӣأλӣǴ͵һȺôǾպӲգ༸ǲǣ
֮ԼȻǴף±ȴƫƫ쾭£ֵǲɿں룬һִ˶ӣʱϻʵۺϡ࣬ɸѺ롣
һֻһӣΪ򱧲ƽҲϼˣվôණôཫʿϻʵۻ治Ķô
һ㣬Ҫ˵ӵ£λɵΪ˺ˣôպһƬʵռκα˲˵ܿΪ֮νĶҲֻһ衣
оˣΪ֮ǰǳ˺صˣؾ֮ûûˣ֮ӳױ¶ԣĸһûܻ
ȾѵľأŽĻඥ.ǸϦദӣԱ壬ֲʲ֮ˣʹίȫȴĻʲô
λĵң΢һЩϳǵݣǳгӵĵŮǸԸǴӱضŵʲôȻһЦͻȻվֱ壬ƿˣӰϵӸɾ
Ȼɵǽ֮ŮһˣϼҳԿҪϼժøɸɾġ
Ⱦֹٴȥߵԭű²ȡͬĶǰͻȻȹ۹ȥ̳ڵϵȹһĻ䣬ʹؾü۴Ȼۣүǰ˵檣ֹ㡣һΣȴ԰θ顣һһţ֪㵱ȢΪΣλǹټŮҲǳ֮ŮǲֻҪǶõģ㶼ƭȢ
ĺ٣ֻ밲ȶգúùӣҰ̫ǳܲ𡭡ȻһʼһƭҲԸү·
˵գתһͷΪŮŮ룬ӻؼҡ
ûסݺᣬúúãؼһؼң㸺鱡ԵıС˲ҪҲգ
ȾŵɫҰףֻæôᵽ˺̶ֳȣ֪ζʲô
ȴѹոһµ侲׹ԵɣҲԸٶԶӶ֣ϾԷǻӣˣֱӷȾĿһɣֹӹȻȥ˵գ˻عֱӾ̧뿪
ȴûߣŶӣӣѵӦȰúλңôѵΪ㿪֦ɢҶģ˵ӣȴδ֪ϣ֪֪ԼͻȻλϱʲôо˵ɶϱŻӣʹңɲ߻ϻϻʵۻô룿
ɫҰףŽﾪκˣɵȶϽŭ˫ۣոӿǸ뷨ȴûˣֻ򱧲ƽ´ͷβ
ˣ
ڶӵɹʱ˿£ԼҲΪԼ϶ɹˣջ񣬱Ϊ϶ֻһλңû뵽û뵽һλ
ȥôʽοոûɣɩȻҪ룿
һĺɹ϶ʧȥֵĴȰ϶ҲˡֱĴûᰡ
ʺĵӣƫƫӣ϶ܳ裬϶ǰϻ۵øϲб¼ѹһͷڵǺˣ϶׻ˡ
Ҹո˵ĲټŮλǣ϶͵㰵λ󳼸£ոջû뵽ȻͷҪ϶Ϊ˽ύӵϢɢȥ
Ȼϲ϶˭ҪǸҴλ⡭
Խ̲סЦסˣҲӣ磬㡭̫õܵʧˡ
ӣʧXX
̲ס뱬ֿڣôǰ˻ΣͻȻĿ⣬ҴҴλһسǡ
һߣȾӱ޻سǣϢûȥʱҪȥӸӴӵ⹫ȴҲɣҪӣȰѺӴպٿȾô졣
˳˳ӴȥֱӴ֮ͬʱȥӪӽʿѾΧͬͭǽڣӣ˭ҲŽΥֱӸϳȥ˭Ƕӣ
ʿ֪ԵɣȻɻӲүŮ𣿿⻰Ҳûʣֱӷ
֮ȰúӾȥ˴ãȾֱȥչȥͿȾ˫ۺףȻһ·ûٿޡ
Ⱦ촽һ£ûסᡣ
վǰסļ򣬡ѾǰԷӣҲúˣֻ»С֪ôҪ룬֧㣬˲ˡһʼôС˽ȴңһʼƺá˵ĲǡȢ㶯Ҳ
һ·Ѿ侲٣뵽ĻͻȻͶˣôȾǰǰ֣ΪġıȨ
˰һû飬ֻȨƣڻʼֵطǵȴŮĽֻʲô
ȾЩ걻ںլݼ̫ãȷûκ⣬ˣһаǰЩ겻Ը⶯תۣĻһֱû˵һʹʹĶģȴֺպ檳Ⱥûȥ裬ĽҲס
Ȼˡ
Ⱦۣ£ȴҲΪˣ롭롣
˿һ·⣺úã°ڵϣģܰӸҪϧһдۡ
Ǳ߽һˮ֮Ϳӱ޻ˣ߾ӣصֱӾͱܼҴȥ˴ã常׼֮ôͻ˵𣿻ǲͬ⡣
ǰϻʵǲ÷ס
ϾȾǶʱŮķϿܲʲôȨ֣һ룬ôһȷأʧء
ҧֻҪܺȾӻҾͽȨ
常һû˱Ȩֻһɢүܻ֮ס㣬ס𣿡ץסص㣬ѵ
ɫ˰ףֻ̣ЩƵͲóֻ֪ҪסԼĺӣԼ
̾Ϣһ常ź红⡣
һ㶣常Ȼ㣬˵
ȨҪȫҽʱҲҪмɡϻʵͼɵû׻ţôϻʵǲʵȨȥӵʤȴΪӾܿϻʵ۵ļɵ
常㽻Ȩȴֻɣɣĸµľ񲿶ӡ
һ⡭
常ȨֻһƣЩĸʹȥһΣգģ˵ģ
ŻеģǶǸʮʮĽʿȻġ
ͷȻģǽȥɸûһЧϻʵȴ㽻ĸľֻǱģҲġȴҲôҪöӴӦӸ
˼Ƭ̣ףɶӡһͬ⡣
ȴЦˣͬġ˵⣬һһһֱû˵ȾҲ֪ĿǰľϾ֮ҪԵ黹ܶ࣬ȢԼλﶼƷĳң岿žõĳζʲô常Ҳף˵ϧЩͬģȢ㣬¾Ϊ常֧֣ԼıȨ
˵ֱףҧȻ뵽ˣɱô˳ûţȾѾôܣֻǿѹס֪
֮ԼûʧݱȨأ
ԼȾҲȥ⣬Ǻ⣿
常߻ʵ۸߶ӣûжӣ֮ĵպ̳λ֮бȨأ
͵ֱˣȾҲ쿴Ͼǵӣ롭
˽˼ǶӵĹѪǻʼҵѪôͬڸϻʵ۸߶ӣ֮ǰѱȨ½ػʼѪҪıȨѱȨԼǺӵǾպ϶ܴӺֻһͷָ֮Ҫ꣬ʱҲ㹻ʱ̵
ϻʵҲģΪõЩȨǡͬ룬Ҳôߡ
һʲôûˡ
ǿ뷨常ұֻһֲ̼֣ϲЩȨƣҲΪүƢԣЩ֮Ҵδο˶ӣ϶Ҫҵ״һҰЩ֮óȥϻʵ۲ͷңνңҲֻ塣һӱҲͰ״
ˣȴܱ䣬ϼʹȨȴЩֻģڲ̳֮λͱȨǻúöꡣ
͵ͬڣӰ˴룬󻹱òʲô;áǲең


109 
ʱ, ΪµʹˣƲƶר˵˲ϯǡ
ϾѾܾûôľ°͵, ΪʥĶӣȻλ, λһеλ˵ĵŮ, ͵޵ʱ򣬲ûʲôϢҲû̫ע⡣
˭֪, üһ, ùİ
˵ûУ찡, ֱ޷ŶӾȻˣǻү, ôܸɳ£˵Ǳץģ
ǰɣô̼ôֳǡȻﻹҪ
ǵȻ, ֻһûȢ, ô飬ôҲôŷȥ, ⼴ʹû, ܿôһϷⱲҲֵ˰ܴȥдɼףӱ, үүۼһ͢ϷûӱץŮֳλŮΪε͵ޣΪ޶̼֣үүϸ
㹻˰ǲǹռǱأԳʲôүүأ
ٺ٣ⲻ̫ôһ˵һСϢ˶ΪҪôǲʲôԵɷҪŶνר
ΪΣ
ΪͷʲôҪֻҪЩ֧֣ʱ򡭡ǿɾǰ϶Ĵολҵĵ֧֣ǿⶼǺǴûվӣҲû˵λߵýΪͦǵģ˭֪ⱳ͸һˡ
ôҴţ֪𣿡
϶֪
ǻǡȴʵۣǸ˰

ʹ鷿õϢϻʵֱӰϵжڵϣɫ࣬ŵ鷿̹һصˣȻΪϻʵ۵Ķŭǻǣ㡣
ҳйصһС
ϻʵüŰؿѹŵķŭѹȥɼʹˣҲŭ쳣һֱϲ϶ɽأ϶ȴô˵ݺʵһơ
ƽʱ˶ʵ϶ТǺãöӰﱳ£檣ô뷴˲ɣ
һصǾ͵õϢ˵ӱˣһ£ʱҪϨŭȴǹλӹ˲Ͻȥ³һЩˡ
ӵ鷿ǰһصˣҲ۵һϥô˴ǰʣТӡˣǴ˶ӶûϵǧҪԼӴˡǧ򲻸òΪ˵˵±˳ʶʹպΪҲȢţֻίǾôӴˣٸһλᣬƴҪҲŸʡ
֪ԼˣֻƹˤɹᳯȴԲϣһڸĿлһӣ޷ϡ
ô˽ϻʵۣɣʹѪһɣҲܳġ
һͷһͷĿģ˴ģܿͷͿˣѪʱͿһĻһϽȥϻʵۡ
ϻʵü侲ѶӵĻ˽ȥû֮ǰô˵ֱӿͷЩ길ӲǼٵģŭһ
ӸϽϥһΪ֮ǰ˼ȭ϶ͷϵѪǱϻʵۣ㵱ֻΪˣ
Ӻίε⣬ʣġΪһʼĶȾģɡɴֺʵһֱɲڶǰ㣬ʱˣ͡Լʱ̫¡˵ȥĻҲԴ͡һ̤ˡտʼֻ͵һɷû֪Ӿʹˣš
ϻʵԼͺǧ檲⣬Ҳⲻ£϶ǲǹ⹴ĳۣôôĳ
ӺۣͷԼŸӿƽʱ̫æҲټŮӣֻаٹżҾʱܼһ⡭⼸λҳáá
ϻʵɫںÿһЩڰ֣ʰˣȥһʲôӣҪôͰɡ
ѹͷϲɫʱˣԼ̰ɫԸίԼѡĶɫõġ
ȥȸհã鷿⴫Ϣ˵Լӽˡ
ϻʵ˶һۣڰ֣ȥ˴˽
սӰվͷϲŰɴɥŶҲһں޲ѻȾ
Ⱦ彩£ȴδȥԼڣ̫װ֪ɻ鼸꣬ľ仰ľ仰Ǽ٣Ǿ͸ɴ࡭һ仰Ҫš
ȾĿбͽ񣬵ϻʵ󣬾ʹ۲
Ųӣϴһٴӿŭ⣬ֱӿżɽϣϳЩΪЧҴδйսɳҲϳӦþְ𣬿ϳû뵽гһգϳڵǻԼ˸
ϻʵѾ侲ܿԻľ棬Ǿǣ׮¾ҪסοҲʲô£檶ѣֻҪ϶̬ȰڵĵһЩһٳͷһҲ͹ˡ
һûˣҲʹͷЩȨҲʼûκιϵ϶¿ضˡ
ֻϻʵ۸յ˵Ҫô϶һͻȻֱٴιϣȻӿҼȾϳƤ룬ϳŮŮȥ
ʲôϻʵһ㶣ֹҲɵۣȻ֪±Ƚأɾû뵽һС
򲻿ɣСˣСԲȾùڴȾѹСֻһʱߴ·СǲɢЩңպһһȾ޶ġӿţ̬ȷŵ㹻ͣɸ͵ȴǲˣôҲǻӡ
ȴǿҲûϻʵԲԸú룬һ׳һɱУϣϳѾӳɻ֮ǰûǰ㱣֤Ǽλ븮УԳŮȲԴףɶӵһױһסⲢֻǼҵ⣬Ʒ
㣬۸ϳޱɣϳıŪˣȻϳģϳ;
ϳôһŮϳŮݣһ㣬ƷȥȻӷϳļɻ䣬ȻˡϳͰѻ⣬ϳΪӺ룬ϳԸ⽻ֵϼҾɱȨǻϳѾˣϳľģ
仰ӻͳһöһ룬дһϡ֣һ֧ҲֵɱȨôһ뻢鷿һƬš
ϻʵԭߵȰôһ㶵ģΪ˺뾹ȻԸ⽻Ȩ
⼸ʮ֧ӵĻһҲϻʵɵģô˳
һ̣ϻʵԴǰʱʤѹ.ͷϵ磬ûѹסЦǰˣһֱĹûΪôȨʲô˼
ɼʹģջЩȨ
⡭㵱治ˣǰǷǲ֮ˣµȷ϶ĲףȰѻջȥ»ȺúһϻʵջرȨȴֱֲ̫ס
ûֱӷ񶨣˵飬ϻʵ۵Ѿƫһߡ
ɫһףϻʵôĸӣʱ׸ΪɱȨĴ룬һ룬ŮıȨûκιϵЩջصϻʵıȨҲûϵϻʵҲܸ
˼תתҲϻʵ۹ʣ룬ȾĵģĻϲһģǶһʱ쵰֪ˡŮ֪ˣٸŮһɡ
ϻʵɫ»ֱ̫ףһ⣬ʵΪ˱Ȩ˻ӵĻ²
ƫͷ
ڵȣȶʹΨһǸɱﵡ
ȻӿȥȾѹȥ۸·˵Ĳһ㡣
Ⱦ֪ﲻæȴҲϺȣľһ仰˵Ҳӣ̸С
ҧȾ飬ɼôõķ֮Ȼһ㶼ˣܿ뵽ʲôһ֣Ȼӵҵ׹ѪҲǻʼѪޱߵĵҪ룬ǾͰߣҾͬ⡣
ϻʵҲǣѵҪĻղɣ
ȴ֪Ⱦӵ⣬ĿǴΪҪЮȾջغĴ㡣
ȾȻ֪һ⣬ҧȻ
ʱЦ㣬ǴԺȢ¶֮Ӹܴĥ𣿻˵ڱϳԺ¶»ĵӵŮʲôȻˣϳϸ
ȻϿԷģȻǻʼѪϳǸգˣϳʱҲˣϳôһŮĺӾϼˣǻʼѪ
ϳѻֻҪӸȾ룬պСϳ֮Ϯ̳ϳλˣϳҲúʱϳıȨ
ϿһϳΪӿǴ㡣
һ鷿ٴɵۣûס̧ͷɵ˰ɣȻЩӾͲԣһӣЦеģ˵ģûС
ҲϡˣȨҲͰˣĪҲ⣿
⻹ǲһ˲һš
𾪲ѣôҲû뵽Ȼһ־ôϲ֮Լոտ˿ڣֻҪӵЩ׵պ󡭡
ʹȾļޣɼȻܸգǾֻܴϸʱҲһ̰
ȢȾΪĲЩȨû뵽취֪Լȥˣ˵ܱסԼ˵
ɸոջ˵˳ȥʱ˿ǣӲͷƤͷûҿ
ϻʵ۴лع֮Ҳһϲ֮ǴеıȨʼҰСˣȻĹ
ֻһӣ۵һĨո϶һҪӵģȴǱտڲԣȻǡҪȨ
ող˵Լ檲Ϊɽύӣֿɸ˵Ļɲһ
ϻʵɫ϶ȷǱ뷨ˡ
ոնӸհϻʵ۴ٴϯϻʵ۸ӼɵӣЩ꣬϶ʹˣġҲ˰
ϻʵ侲϶ô˵
죬˵ʲô˵˻һһܾˣֻܴۣģɣʵġ
׸ϻʵۣ̬ȴĬˡ
ϻʵͷЦһ϶϶ȴǲԣֻǶԶӵ̬䵭ȻˣҲĲȷкô㵱Ҫ룿
ȾۣŮˣŮʲôֻܴӡ
ϻʵüģס϶ĲĹôõĳӶ϶ƳʲôˣȻˣޡ׼ˡ
öд˺飬ӹҲдһպϮ¡
һ˸㶨һԵĽڿڣϣдΪŭΪ򱧲ƽ˶ӣϳͷ
ϻʵע⵽һֱûӣϻͲ٣ʱһԣȻ֮ǰ͸˵ˣӾȻ˿⣬ɼҲǸ̰ȨƵġ
϶һԱȣ֡
ϻʵ۰Ѷ϶ĲתΪԽͣ±϶ԣô˰˽檣£ȥʮӡΪͷ嵨ηǿȨͣ
һԱ͵͵ϲŵĶһʹɵۣŵ
ǣǲǸˣΪʲô˴ˣ


110 
õϢϵ鷿ʱӸձ, ӿɫˣĸȶ
һ·Ѿ֪£û뵽龹ȻôΣȿ֪ǴʮӲɿ, 뵽ʮӴҲףȻа, ɴȥȴʧ˶ӵ档Ͼֻжӷ˴²Żᱻϴ, Լʹֻʮӣȴܴ
֪鷿£Ϊֻҵ·, ˶һ, Ͷ鷿ʩһ, ϣ, ʶӹһ, Ǵ򲻵ð
ϻʵȴδô޵ˣش򣡡
ϻʵ۵Ļ, ϽŶȥ϶˵ش, ǿҪһЩ, ǴŵˮϾǻϲĶӣһºϺھͻˣֻû뵽ŭô󣬿ǻǾҵҵششˡ
ɫ΢, ôͷһαôӣѹû˵ֱӸطˡ
һת֪ʱ򲻸ٿˣɴֵ־ҪȰһٲøġ
ֻǻûڣ鷿ʱ򿪣۵ӹϲɫһ̧ۣȴϼҸŮü뿴ǶϱǰΪĶֻǵһۣתߣֱӸȥ
üĹأĸȻкˣ
ʱ֪ǷʱҲѵûô߸ϣȾ⺢Ҳǵģίȥĸ˵ĸܲ
һĽЦһ⻰ǸƽģɸոҪӵʱɲôİʮӶҪţƫȥˣѹĪǡ֪ˣ
ϲһҲǰСУֻûڣǿߵ֡
ֶˣ̺ǳһ󵨣˭ôͬ˵˵ķݣ˭ĵӣ
⻰£һϵʮ鷿ޣ⹷ūŲźôĵӣ׷ү⹷ūǳģȥʮӣЧȣ
ϣɫˣ֣ʹˣʮֱҪ
Ҳŵùɪɪƽó裬δ˵ʲôΡִ˸£ƺ̫ԡ
ЦЦζ뵽Щ˵Ƶĳãúһ˵ôҡ
͵ҵ³
ЩˣµʲôǾǡĲ¼ɡ
ҲҲõһУϻʵ۾ð׼ҹ߸ģʹ֪⣬ΪסԼλãĬˡ
ҡϻʵۣԼƲңһù
ϻʵŭʱѹûֱ֣˳
̾ϢһȻذɡҡҡͷ˵֣롣
һ㶣ð춼ûع񣬺룿ôܣңǡл֪飿
ͷһξԼβģѾҲûãֻȶʮӴԼû˰ֻȥˡ
ȻصˣȶӽһУһΣҪҲˤˣſſ۵໵ȴֹסĶӡ
Ȼ˴򣬿ԺǰıȨҪҲ൱ڵˣⲻѣĸȻΰ˴򣬵
ֻǶӵĻû˵꣬һ˹û.㡢˭ͬģôô
Ϊʲôִ

ڻȥ뵽֪鷿һҧгݵģ̲סЦɿŶɫǰܵԼȦȾȴû˵ģȾǳһϾôĸ飬ȻˣӦָܻ
ֻЩֻܿ常
ûŻϸ˾ͻԼĸۡһصԺҹţȲ˿ռ䣬ȿ￴СأֱӾ˹ȥ
ư˽ס˳
ܸ˳ˡΪ˲ǣûҴȥǰڿռˡ
֮ӳ֣ĿľҺңʱҹҧ֮
ֻôû;ǺþûƣãܿͰѷ˵һ飬˵꣬˵鷿֪ϻʵ۶ѾŶЦӻͦģžԼռ˴ˣҲ룬ϻʵۿɱˡµҲЩصôã±ٲûɱѹӦ
֮ܳ裬λôʺ󶼼ɵǸ򵥵ˡ
پиϺȵĶӣպʤ븺˵οмʹûЩ£׵պҲӮˣֻõʱЩܵЩ
뵽еЩ£μ뵽ã̲סƵ۵ӿϧתƻ⣬µСػЩ£δ˸ʤ̣úúףһ£Ҫһ
֣۵׶ᣬãġ
ɿϧֻǵֵĴޣΪǵĳΪǷΪüģǲǱ·ˣԼϴɾ͵ĳﻹԼɿڣ
ĥĥϻˣ
Ϊ˶£ϻʵֻ˵һ˴Ϣ˼λӽôһˡ
ʰһ緹ƻûϻʵҪŻˡ
ɴȥ¥Ϸȥˡ
ǳϷ͹ֵģ˭֪û뵽ϲʹһһҹмŵĲ¥ȻУֵ
ϾΪ˵ͺˣһ֮ڸ㶨ģⳬǵоϼСģȴץ˹ؼֻҵѵǶƭ˶Ʒ˰
ôһ˵ǰôͬģ
Ͳ֪˰ɣ˵ǰ˹֮ûãߵĸȥ˾Ӫǲôţ
ôţ
˵ϵ˽ӹϼҾΪλӦ룬ǡ˸˸ζȴûҼ˵
ɵһתΧ˲ˣֹܿģΪ˺룬ϧԼĲӵ¾ʹˡ
ϻʵ֪ʱΪƲԼ£ɴѶӸ˳˵ǶȲӦģȻ˵֮ѱȨʱ˶ˡ
ΪֻƭֻƷ⣬û뵽ġİ
ԣǿɲɵȻǶΪҪȨŴӦİȻʱΪֱȨ룬֮ǰΪλȢϼŮ̫ˡ
һʱ䣬Ӽ˱ӵĶ
һȴǾ壬ǰǻΪӸǱͼС֮ĶȾˡ
Ϊϻʵ۵ʹԼԽļν˿ϻʵ۶ӵӣǵûΪʧȥֵµıȨԼȨᣬΪ˱֣˲䱦Ķý׬˸


111 
ȶȶû, Ȳʱ򣬶Ӵһִܵ˳
Ϊӱϴʮڸ˼գľ䣬··ꡣ
ӵľͬ, ⼸տνǴ⡣
챻ϻʵ۴ʮӺ˵ͦ˵ģȥһ֮, Ϳʼ͵, ̬ȰڵҲãֻҲˡ
˵λұӸͬ, ΪӵĻ, λֱӱ, 岿ˣȥ˱ְλ, ְ
ϻʵ˵¾ô, ɸһ, ûôףλ϶, ˽, ǹ˼ֱӰȫ϶ûϻʵۺ޲ð˶ˡ
ȻϻʵȴԸİѶӸһŲȵվϾ˳ϻʵ˲鵽Ϣ, ϶֮Ա¶йء
ԭܵ͵Ū˾֪
϶ˣǻʼҵ棬ʵ۵ֻ˵̸֮ģϻʵȻû£ϵȷ֮ġ
ƫƫӲ֪һУ϶ƶֱ׹࣬ĲУ϶һնͷڸﲻϳ֣ԭҲᣬˣɲǺһ
ǣŭĶӣɲǸֱӴ
Ϊδӷɱˣûֱһ١
õְϢʱ˰컹ûסЦǰģֱɵƴϣַĻƵݸһ޺÷ӣ䣬εǴ˵㣬ڹûٸָһ
Լˮϻʵֵǽס˳ϻʵ۵ŭ𣬱ϾϻʵȨƣһĻλһҲʡ͵ĵơ
ŭֳȥ٣Ŀŵ˶һΣ˳㲩ȡһͬ飬Ͼôĸ֮飬ϻʵЩԶӵĳ谮ҲǼٵġ
ǻ˼һֻһ̫˷뿴ѣûףϻʵôӵھǳŵʱôܻʱţ
Ǵ̽ӳʱΪ֮
һҳǱȶӴˣⱻһ٣һ񣬿Һһеڡٹվ磬֮ǰΪӵ£ϰѰ½ʺ
ڹۣӰѶˣϻʵۿɲǴλһߵһ߾͸ˣɲϻʵ뿴ġ
Ȼûȶãʹҽˣʹ˲ٲҩѵӼ䡣
ⶼڽ֮УʱҲûϵˣѾ׳ȥˣͿҴʱˡ
뵽һ£濴ƣʮҪμӼİɣ
ԲȥΪӣòȥ
Уȥ常ڡ
˵ʲôɵû˵Ȼʧ뽹һڣɼȻѡ·ĳɹˣ뽫Σյľء
ʮ죬ƻ·˹һߣҲһȥϸ￴ȾĸˣѾ׼׵һȥ
һ·鼫ã뵽ڹСؿʱģ͸ˣҲǰ֪常һҲҪΪȾѾ룬ָȾӵǻʼѪϻʵ벹˽ҵʱҲ֮ûǰ˵ǵĴȥҪۺüա
ӻ׺ζʲôȻҲŸһŮҲӦˡ
ֲ뵥һǸɴһϻʵûԽҲ˹
֪ҪҲ뵥СһʵǾַʽһҲǿԵģţǾһġ
˵ʱ򣬻ʼҵЩ˶£˭ҲûҶ˵ϰ֣û˸£֮ڲԶŵĶӣͷ֪ôЦúõŮһĿڣǱɢȻҲλҡ
ƿʱҲһ㶣ȶϵһ˲䣬ɫۣܿתߣһͷ˼£ס۵׵Ц⣬źˮĶͷ.ԼԽԽࡣ
ͻľϲʱйӳ嶯ȥ˱סˣͶһģԼףĿ⣬ֻǡڣÿסɳһ죬Ҫˡ
Ҫվߡ
ͷҲֲߵģһԵˣĪˣ⺢զô벻أ
ᵽһ룬ž̫ƣϾշ£ֱѵˣʺ͵٣ҲðͷٷԵøĳƣȥ޳ȥ͸͸߸ûãҲϯ
Ҳ࿴ۣԴ֮ǰһܣӺ֪ԼˣҲͳ˺ᣬοһֱӴˡ
޵ĵط˵һҲûҶܿͻˣɨһȦûӺӡ
Ļӵʵʵ
߲ɨӺʵ̫ƣɨ֮պôҲ˹ͿӳЦЦͷҺ࣬ΪòƫƽȻռһӣϧĸߣĸƽʱ͵իģλУֻĻӳһЩɸһȣȴֲ̫
ȻֻǱϣʵϡҺ£ɳһźġ
ҲһЦݣܿ͵ͷ˵˼䣬Ӽ䣬֮װû¶Ⱦƣֻϧһӵڴո¶ͷϻʵע⵽Ǽ¡
д֮꣬ʱ׵۵λ˲ſʼֶԸӺӣϻʵ۶ԶӺӲʱ򣬷һ£ϻʵ۶λӸӲϲ
¾Ƕһιϣ۸˴ӵɵ·֮ûãָ֤ӹݺĶӡ
һǣȥλӣϻʵ۵ʱòûȥΪ֤ȷӼʹҲϻʵ۸طˡ
˵Ǳݺģɵ۸˴ӵˣϻʵҲϲ˶ӣΪ޹ǣ࿴ۣǴ˲˼ϻʵ۹⿪ʼӣһ֮£ִӾǴºףǸɶõ˲š
Ҫ鵽˶ͬӣʵϣȰ׵۲鵽һЩ£ⳡɫȻǴһֲ߻ġ
ӺüǰȢǴµһӣΪľѰһᣬӳΪһɱ
ݼΪµĹټŮʵǴЩȥյһλΪԷݲ׼ΪʲôԸӿʱĺ⣬͸һʽףݸͷգͬģպһ£³֮뿪Լӡ
һļɣӽ֮Ū˸ݣһλĸύСٵĵŮʱ뾩УȻְߣɴӱ͵͵Ǹȥ֮ʺĻȢ׺öȢôһλ͹ٽ׵ĵŮȻ֮
ȢӸ֮ô˼ֱ꣬£ӳɹһβλӣϻʵע⵽
ºλûٳֹ뿪ˡ
̲ס۴ӣϽֵͷһڲˮѹѹҺʵģɺԼ̡
еһ룬ſʱŻֻǶȻûӰֱҲû
ֳͷ˵ӦðʱͻȻɫ΢Ҵҽյϻʵǰ˵˼䣬ϻʵ۵ɫͺˣǰİˡ
һĻסͷѹѹסţɣɣ


112 
ϻʵ۲ȻŭһĻô˶ע⵽, ϾǼ磬ûô࣬ϻʵλϵģױע⵽, ýĶһۣǳˡ
ǻһȦֻжû, ѵǶӳˣ
ΰʺ, ҲˣƳ·ε͵ٵſɫϻʵ, ʵ, ôˣôͻȻô, ǲǡʲôˣ
ϻʵҧ˾, ֱ, ǣŮ, ǿʺ󣬡㡢ָµ͵͵ˡ
ֻǰ, ̲ס۴ӻʲô֪Һģ, üģֻܵԺ˵ˣȵð˸סϾǼҳǴȥ, ֱ
ϻʵ߬ȭͷ󲽾ҪߣɾʱͻȻһŮѪɫܹܱ߿źţ˽ǰͨϻʵǰϾȾҼҲҼǱǿȵİΪ֤ײǽԾԴһҪûˣϾȾҼ
ϻʵɫһ䣬⡣
ȻŤͷȥӣͿãȻŹڵϵĹŮϳ澣˻Σסү
Ӱѩƣ˵ôˣʲôΪ֤ףײǽԾôˣ
ŮѩǲϽ޹ߣؿ޳үԾˣǶӡǿ˵Բүүˡ
һƿľͳŸոѩķȥûסϻʵ۰һãϽȥһʱ벻Լʵ֮ҲŸʲô׷ȥϴҪǳʲô£ĲǣϽȥҽ
˵գɨһĿɿڴŵĿ⣬֪סˣϽȴҴҴŻʺȥˡ
˶⹬Ůﱩ¶Ϣˣɶ˴ӣǿ˴谮˵ȷһܵ͵δֻֻʣҲɵ۵Ĵ֮ҲҴҸ˹ȥ
û뵽龹Ȼĳ棬ӦǼŷ£ȻǰˣΪ罫±¶ݣһҧⲽ壬ݣǴӺݰ
ƲɫһۣȻҲ뵽ξ顣
ֻһ۾Ͱת̲סӣ߸մлع֮ε˷뿴ϷֹסЦҪΪ˲٣ӶܴЦֻǡӰּ仰֪¡ǾЦˡ
һ˹ȥ·ƫʱҽոյֹѪΪ·ͻȻֻһۣ˴˿Ϣ԰ͷϼʹ˺ܶҩðѪŵ治ԶһӣϻһѪӣźܿɲ
˶̲סһڿˮһϻʵý߶ӣӻЩģߵ˾һѹ벻һɫ.ĶǰǰǸ˳̵Ĵѡ
̲ס͵͵Ⱦҿˣ棬ֱܸˣֱ˶ȥˡ
Ǽٻɣôôɣ
͵͵ۼʹԲͷһѪȻûڸסɫݵ⡭Ǿ֮±¶˱԰ɣ
Ψһҵǲ˻ʵۣϻʵ۽Ҫˡ
Ӵ˿̻Զĵϣűˡ
ǸһģƼһĻϻʵ֣Ͻȥϣ»ûʶΪѵϻţʲôͷϣ취ûʶѹʹʶ׷ʲôٳͷҲһȺڿ˰
Ǵʱϻʵ۵ŭٵȰŪѣҲϻʵ۲ΪһİԼ׶Ӹ
ϻʵ۱ŭͷҲ侲϶׵ģüɫѿɵû½ţȻҲΪˣ϶ڴϽһߣڳˮãŪѡ
Ҷ죬Ͻ˰ѶӴһȥŪѡ
ͷϵѪֹסˣҽҲ˿ϣѪֹסˣȻʧѪ࣬û֮ǣֻҪܹ˽Ӧǡûˣֻǡ˿̫պҪ̡
ҽ͵͵һΪɵ۶ûκηӦĴӣ̲סôңˣǡҲ䲻˺ãʼҳţ⡭ȥ˵
ϻʵɫûָڰ֣Ȱ̧ȥЪţ˵ȴǰѹŮѩ
ϻʵŹѩƣ˵ô£
ѩŵû.ţȴǶ߶°˵˳žθŴӺʹһŴӺˮ;оƣΪڹӲΪ˵£Ծͽȥ͸͸
ѩƾһֱȵͷһ;Ӳʣеƣһ澣鲻ȥƫЪϢһѩƺû͸ȥˣȵ˵طţǹ˵ȥЩѾƵҩպʶŷģֻǲŻѩƸһȥˡ
ɵѩٻˡ
ѩ˵꣬һĳţǹõַȻǹŮ̫ԾǹѩƸ֧ɲ˵϶ư˸ǿȵģô˹ߵˣ
ѵ϶רΪ۸ģȻˣ˵϶ôѿαΪһˣ
ץס㣬ͨٴιϣ¡ǲԾ˹ݺʶʶŬʡôڹ£ⲻǰԼ·ϱ𣿻ϸʶǻʶģҲĲҪǱݺģ⳼檵ĸģҲʶί
ϻʵ侲ҧˣѩȥˣǸŮҳ
ͬʱҽһˣôͷϵˣɻʲô⣿
ҽû˵ϻʵѯʣϣ⡭Ǳҩ
⻰һ䣬˶ɫѵ¡зת
һȥ취ŪѶӵҲˣɫҲ̫ÿȥϣôѲǡҲҩҲе㲻̫Ծ
ϻʵ۵ɫˣҽȥơ
ûһҽ˴˵ҲҩȹҩȥѣƻҪһʱ䣬λµĶҩ¿ĺܲԾ
ˣѩȥ˵ͳ˵ǸŮʧˡ
ϻʵŭ飡رչţҲ˭˭빬
ֵڣʼԴͷȥͶӱҩ£ȵľˮƣΪӹմˮԴһֻʹӺ˾ƣֻǺȵľˮͬΪ룬һһԱҩǴӾˮֵġ
ȥˮĹˣҲʧˡ
һʱͳϢȴôãϣ԰ĳּʬ塭
ϻʵγŭˣҲɵۣôĵӣȻڹ£ֱ
δϻʵŭȥͳиͶģΪˮûã˱֮󹩳һǰ֮ǿڵˣѾץˣϿҪ
ϻʵ۸Ͻͳ˴
ҲɿٸϽץĻˣһ㿴Ϸľͷûˣ±ǣ֮ŭ
ѹһ˽ӱΪӷ鲻ɵƼˣһ죬ǡδ֮һ
һѹ.ڵϣ̧ͷһۣͻȻһҧеĶͳԤеԾϽȥ죬ȴѾѪˡ
ϳ˵Ĳ뿴ӡ
ӣ


113 
һãȻͻȻ, ôϻܿɣ
һʱѹûҩȥ룬û˵˼Թ壬, ʺȴԣɫ΢, ȥͱɫⶢϻʵۣϣ¡Ǹᣡ
ں֪׹, ˢһ¾ͰˣոڿϷû뵽ͻȻͳ˾ˣ
ǡ¸ûذ, ҵûûҩ°ֻ˵, ˻ɻ͵, ôⶼ޶֤֮ĽƱ硣
ӻл㱵ģͻȻ˾, ܣߴ, ²ԲԣԲԣôı⵽ô£
ͬ鿴Ŵ, ƣӵڻأ⻹ʲô׵ģĴҪ۸߿, ﻹԼҲҩ˵ͨ
˵ͨľǶӱ˸, ۸ӵĻӣȻһЩҵһҴ߳һˣ϶Ҳ;ӵӡҲݵ, ֱӾ̶ԾˣȻ׼õġ
ȻҲû˻ǶԼҩ۸ӣϾ̫ѿˣȥ֤Ǳݺģ۸ԼĻɩȴʵ⡭ֱЩʼĳˣ֮ǰλһ
ʱļǻʼҵļ磬ֻ֮Ҳ޹⣬ֵô󣬹žǻҲⲻס
ϣٴܷˡ
һʱһϷѾܳΪѣʮ壬²Źһأʤһģûֻиǽ°ҪԹϳԲˡ
ڴơԼԼñӣ˵ˣЩ˭֪ӶΪ谮ݾɫ˭̵Ի
ԣĿǰΨһĿǾΪƶӣϧѴӵҲ˽ȥǲСı¶ˣδӺͶӶˡ
ӰûУûУôôűôԼʲôôңûݺ硭ŵˣ˵ţûֻῴ¶ҡ
ۣ֪϶۸˴ӵѾ˶֣ĿǰܰѶ϶Ӱ񽵵͵ģݺ㲻ϧλֳ£ֲڸסһЩ׮ţۣ滨꣬ϣʶȻ˴ɵҲĺʧȥȾ⺢Ӳҵ¡Ȼ̰ɫЩڿҿΪΪ˲ʵ£Ѿ֪ˡ֮ǰ·һֱʶܲ˲ŴȴҲû뵽Ĵ򣬷Ӹһ١
ſ϶ʱʶûסֱѵ䣬˼ɳ檡ôû뵽ӾȻģȻȻ
ٲʶȴ޹ġһŮӻΪ˸ŮԺԳҲΪŮӣҲҲ޹ֺ벻ɴΪ˲ôӱ˴һͷײϡ£Ӱ̫ˡǻֵ
һֱӶӵӵˣҲУҪƱҲû취
ӺͶӲԼԼˮŪ£ĻһֱհӡӹôҪ˵ҪڹŪ£ڹûָ
ԡôֻʣӡ
ʺһеûɫϻʵۣ쵽ߵȴ˵ڣĸĶǳɹˣľ
ȥȴû˵˵ܰԼҲǣȥ˭Ȼʶ
ϻʵżţţԼιȥؼԲӣȫˣ뵽շô⼸λӵģɫϢ־ܱ˽ֵġ
ʱͻȻȥ
˻ˣҽϽȥһϣĲšѾû󰭣ֻһʱѲҪš
Ŵӣ£úڣװһñӻȥշ䶼֪ӱˣǵԼƵģ⡭һϷⷭȥܱ۵β
պӻӵ˴⡭ҪôԴ
ϻʵۿһֱӵϴҲʵҺһƽʱȴ޹ǣ϶УϻʵӣͻȻͳ죺ͽ˸£ϲ飡޶Ҫذ죡
ʺһڵϡ
ⲻǽϵĸ.ϻʵ˵仰һ޺ͻȻûסһѪ˳ȥ
˱һĻɵˣϽȥһҹʹעǲߵһҹ
ʹϻʵۻʺҪţҲסôй˶Ƽײӣô˼ǣôѹѹȥ
ϻʵƽ棬³һΣθôһԻ涪ôһˣƽʱ谮ӣֵǽ˿ûʿôһ£ǰ
ϻʵһʱѪӿô˹ȥ
ڲ鲢ôأ̧޵ˣֻɫÿͰвɵ˶ˣ˸֮󣬿ʼԼθӡ
û뵽ԸƾͿôһϷֻûҶ˵֮ΪҪĻһϻʵ̼ϾλӶǣȥһһҩһ˸
ȻᣬǸһһȥˣɫÿֻǾͷǲ³һϵҲܣȻϲ϶ҲΪݺ϶Ȼ޹ǣԺܼ̳лλ
խСֵܶݺԺĶԴ
ϸĴСͷһξԼ۹ⲻУöӲǸòȻСˣʺ֮ңΪ̳ٶܣɽأ
ĻΪ飬Ҳˡ
Ȼֻʣ´Ӻӣⳤ󣬼ϵ׼ҵ¡
ĻȻȴûƣ常ԼΪֱɵо̲ڳУ֪Щ˳Ա˳ŵģΪһλΪȨưմѪνѪɺӣпļ򵥣˿̱ΪҺʵĴӣⳡϷĲ߻ߡ
ֻҲûֵ˺Ҳˣһи׳нҺҳ˺պҵĴ֮ǻϡ
ƵڶϲŻռһҹû˯˹͵͵˽ȿȥϴһͱסˣۣ۵״ž⣬˯
ţ۵ۣ˯ɣʲô˵һôֲòƣû뵽һ˯˯ڶ죬ǱѵģҲˡ


114 
µò, ΪʮϹǼ£һ˷˰¶ûȥ˵ûἰշ䶼ֵ, 극Ͼʱȥ¥ƬཻصĹš
, λ˻ӸƵƵ˾, ̽һ
ƽʱѵЩӸλţδϢô, ˵ԩ, Ǳҩ۸˴ӵĲ, ʵȴҲ۸ˣ, նƲڸҲûš
ֻ׾˾ȥһ˶Ӹ, ֮Ӿʹڸﲻ¶, ¸ҹȥ
ӱ˸£Ҳ, ǸС֮ǰ˽ȥ֮̾ȥҩ, ҲǼλӽ԰ĹнӴСѾˣ޶֤ȻûֱӲ룬, Ҳӡ
ӰٿĪ磬ʺͨӵļˣһҧ˽ԼӲ֪顣
ӼǵӵĶ뱨ƵƵԣֶӳ
˶߼˵ͨǱϾӣʵݺλֻǣһλ޹ǻʼҵˡ
Լʺϻʵ۵ķϣϻʵ۽ѹֻλӣ׳Խ²Ϲ˸ʡ¡
˵ȴͷ壬ϻʵʱ飬ϳͲ
һؿڳδ⣬϶ôƣֻ
½ùͷҲƲڸԡ
ôһ£˷Ӧʱ򣬷ֲ֪ʱϻʵʱôӽһʼٹֻϧӱλʵܸ벹ŴϿʼӹܶڰ£ٹãͻȻ˼ƽϡ
Ϣߣһ۵ˣҡҡͷһⱻ˳Цƫƫϻʵ۵ĵʵȨպһǻΪۣ˭Ц£
һпνʤ汻ڵϲһǰ̣̹ĺݣǸҲ
ܶԼݵ̶ȣοˡ
ôܳסո¶ͷ֮ǻῪʼ˽£֧
ô죿д֮һſʼֵġ
ľֶ˶٣ǵȲˡ
ʱҪô䱦Ҫôƴһ𣬵ûҲû̫עɼȻô˵Ǿǳв̫һĴ£ǹ﷢ʲôˣ
ƵϻʵԴʮһѪȻû⣬ӹȴһղһգ⼸쾫ͷ̫ԡ˵ϢûȥƻعһҲʲôûˣõϢҲȻȱ˶ࡣ
ֱۿϻʵǰҲԼƵϻʵߵĴӡ
һԭ벫һ·Ѿ˶ӣպܳ£һλˣôĴھһ۵㡣
°ͣǼ˰ϻʵһʱļݱˣսӴȣԤĲһ
ϻʵǼżݱģȻҲǴѪʼȴ˺üꡣ
СͻȻһ㶣һֿԣǡڴҵɣ
۵״Ц⣬û˵ʢһݹȥ˼ȴԡ
ĬĬӹһڣЦˣ˵ôô벻Ŀǰ˵£ĻңȻӣȴûʵȨ£ҸгļϸӲ죬ΨһĿǰȷλӵˡɱ˴ӿɾͲȷˣж֮ǰ˽͵͵Ȣλ£λΪǰᣬǲðȻ֡
ƽӹĻţȷֻȷ㣬ȻһҪԵɣȱǮ
պ£ĳߴ㣬ҪǮ
֧ţҲûҰҵĵ̣õ֮λϻʵ۵֮⣬ҪôǮ֤ʹϻʵõ֮λܲȡ
һϻʵˣǱΪµۣܲȥȴǸ⡣
ȻóôǮȽʿͷֻǮ
δĻ˼ͷֺЦҡҡͷ˵˵Һ֧ɣ
ǮֲȨΨһ㡭ӣȴá
ͻȻ̲סЦˣͻȻеͬӣλ϶.ҲǼ仰£պӻǻʵȢ˭϶Ҳܣܴǵ˵ǡ
ֻǡӰӣûȻôҲǸӰ
ԺӰǴһǻġλ;ãΪ°
˵Ǿˡ
ƻû˵죬䱦¥᷿壬ſڴ翡ˣ붨һΣҪ𣿡
ͣ¶Ͷƶһۣˡ
Ϳһɡ
ȴӱ翡ʱѾƽĿռ䣬ʰ׵Һͱյţװ첻ѣôԹˣ붨һΣͺˡ
һΪϷһȦֻһ˫ȴͷܺãŽȻǸغʵģҲ£͸պ͵⣬ԡһˡ
˵ţ۵һĨϧ
װɻ翡뿪Ѵӭȥӿʲô˵ɣԼ˲ؿ
ӭڰϣԸ˲ˮһŴӳüչ۵״ϧģСʵǣ
Ĩһ̸ֵܼȻڣ֪˵Ĺϵˣ㲻ˣʱǼҲڳͲӣΡǱ͸ģȻͷϵѾˣǼڸ޷ԴɱüΣȰھдȥֻߡǱϧĲΪűһӣû뵽£ĺۣӦָܶɣӶһȴòء
ǲһ
Ҳ̾Ϣһ±÷飬ӡ̫ˡ
۵⣺ǱĻʵܣֵܣôΪ϶ȻôԱúް
㿴㡣
Ĩһȷ֣۵״ˮ⣬ֳֿģý̾Ϊֹݼľˣ˵޾ͿޣޣҪôȰԼЦ
ӣôǱⱲΨһϲŮӣļϵˣɾôˣʲο¡һպ󡭡²±
죺⡢ⲻܰɣǿֵܡ
ҡͷİѱֵܣôôԱôã²죬Ҳˣ⳯⾩ҲǸͨ͸ˣҲ㲻Ȩ⣬Ҳˣ֪ģΪ˹ȫֻ֣ǹ£ǰȻӣȴʧȥİˡպ󡭡
̾Ϣһ⡭Ҳ̫Щ
ͻȻ̧ͷﱾɣ٣˭Уģæģȱ˳𣬱취ܣ㳤ôÿܿ϶ĵģպ϶ܺܰͷЯ֣϶ܵõˣֻܡֻܡӣ㿼ǿǣĵģֻҪ汾İñôУٲУܽһ˼֮Ҳа
ŵ죬۵״ųɲȴ͸޷Ƶ⡢ⲻðɣ


115 
ȻſǷŹ˫ۿɲ, Ѿ˼ƽϣȻû´ûߴգ˼, ô˵¾ͷأ
ȷԼĿĳɹһ룬þ, 豭Ž˾, ²ӿȿţ, Ϊ˱ʾ., ӿԵ, 㿴ĳ.ĵġǽȲ˵⣬˵˵ε£롭
ûǼ, һ, ȴȻһĲɵģ, ꣬ôպû͵Ӹ
ӽ鿴۵, ѹסĵ׵Ŀϲ, ϵǱľϲҲǱһƬ⣬ǱԹðɡǰĲͼһ鲻ڵģýֱ, Ϸ˰ӣͲ˶ӵĺ·
վԽˤԽҰס
֮󣬽ƷųѴӵԼĿ˵ˣ˶һۣҡҡͷӿΪϻʵ۵ż˰ǽһʱеˡ
պȻ׼ʱΣȸǮҲû֮ǰ뿪ˡ
һʱ䣬ÿջ׼ʱϻʵֻһϵȴ٣ҲˣͷҲôãϻʵһʼûע⣬ȵҪعŵʱӴҴ˺ϻʵȥʲô
ûͰʱմӵΪȥʱպͶʲô
ϻʵһʼǾЩϴҪŴߣŽӴϴȻޱЩȴҲŲɶõŵ㣬ǾҺʵûģƽϻʵѹ벻ϴҲֲһֱôӵϴģһ飬ȴû뵽㡣
üһţЩ㱡
͵Ƴһۣʱջ϶Դӵ˵˻˵֪ϻʵʲôɤҲ̾ϢһϣЩáͦ׵ġ
ϻʵû˵ȴҲûֹ˵ȥ
ھǴȥˣɱ˼ΣǴţҲûˡûἰ£ɵۣʹд飬ɡӴպӹòãʱճȥӿ䱦⣬취ùܼ˽Щò׻һЩȥ䱦ҲרŶһΣӦǡ͸Ϊû뵽Щ겻ɽ¶ˮģǸġ
Ƕڱ棬ЩͲ˲֪ǰģɷ˽ңú³
ϻʵɫЩҲЩΣϴ󡭡һֱǸֵġ
ЩϴĺӣϴǳӣΪϲĸЩкӣ˵ѾкܾûĸˣֻǵǸŮӣЩڹҲܵ͵ի𣬺ǵȻ
ϻʵ̾Ϣһ׼һЩΣϴ˵ʱ˽ｻ
æӦˣ۵׵Ĺ⣬Ȼ¶˻ϵ˼ֻǻûȥ죬ϻʵٴλסˣӵĸ
˾һ㣬ûѾĳƺţѵ˵ЩӼģȴѴӽ̵á
ϻʵףϾȥưɡ
ȻɫȥʺҪôСЦҪô˽˵ûķϵ׳谮ô꣬ɫٺãΪ϶£Ҳ̹š
ȥԣ⳯Ҫˡ
գֻǺöõϢ˵ѾûȥʮϻʵۣͻȻһ춼Ъ˺ʱ˲Ҷһ²ĿӣѸϯá
糯Ĵһѹõ͵͵ģ˵˵ǡ
㲻Ҫˣǹϵܷģ
ⲻǼôЩӼģûôĹôͻȻġʱʱŴӣίɲҪĳ£˵⡭᲻ᡭ
˶һ֪ȴûҲδĻΪ֮ǰ£ԶӺˣ϶ӳûƲ¶ˣӸǻ˸ĻƽʱհΪҲǣǵ͵ĲУӣԴϻһ
һڳλӣȻǴͻȻ¶
˺ܿ췢ڳϣϽ׷һˡ
϶һۣ˶߸ˣһԴ˺֮ҲûʲôɫӲ˶Ҳûúðñ˿ӣӷų߻ûһϯ֮أɾ˵ˡ
˵ҲӾȻ¾Ȼͷıң뵽ڸﲻ¶Ķӣҧгݣ.裬Ҿưոݡ
ߺߣҲ˵ЩָɣĻµʲôұ˭·֮ȥһ˸ʸڷ¾Ϊƽʱ϶ԸҲû£һƾ˵һǧ£ɵ϶
һʼǼŵģضЩеᣬѾûҪţǡĲġ
Ǿ˹һ߼޻ӡ
뵽ľǶӣɶӵʱҲҩľƣ˵˵ȥҲǶ˵¡
ɳ˶ѵǴӲɣϾòܣӾ۸պˣ౻˵һ绨ѩ£ɴӿҪһӶ.űԼʵ˵£¹ӵϡ
ǾǶӸ׳нΪ˻ٵӣϧԼҲƽȥ
ôĺúݵֶΣ
Ҳ¾ң϶һۣͿŶá
һߣҺʵֿʵҡĴڵһ鷿͹ϻʵǰ۾죬ڣȻ⼸û˯ãʣ˵һ¡
ϻʵ۴ۣ֮Եϴ˵ٽȥǻϴ뿴ϴǴն࣬ǻĸ֪ٷ뿪
ӵĻϻʵɫͲ٣ŴȰʱ࣬޵Ļӣƽʱûʱô񡣡
ûۣἰ£񡭡ʱ˵һѴһ˵ˣ󣬺ۣʣٴȥ벻ԡ˽뿪ʴӦ
ϻʵ鲻϶檵£ȷʵģһߣȸµȥҲû˼ǵ׮ţβӦöԣֻίҲί㣬£ҲܡĲصίˣ֪ͷˣʵܣȥίЩ
ί֪ʵѴͷϿңϻʵ۵ĿĽ֮顣
ǰǶôЩ꿴Ȼ϶ôֺϻʵ۵ģѻյĸ¯࣬ŴƭԶغʵϻʵĿͣˣ֪ǸúӣѶϴ󡣡
ȴ뿪ʱϻе𾴣ֱ˹ֻʣһʱ̧ͷʪ󷢺۾ﻹа뱯УǴŵĽУ治ƵʲׯӣɱȥҪʮ

ЩʱշҲһһʮ浽ƶߣ࣬ЩǾڵᣬϻʵ۵˼ĦһӺҲϾһʮں˺ü꣬ʤ
ŽϣϸׯӣһڳɽϻȪһô
ľ΢е룬ȴΨһıСأԼ˽ΪڵӣԴһ˵֮ûἰҪôǣžڵᡣϻʵ۸ׯӣȪӲ¶棬ĻǣֻʣӣӿɲܽȥׯȪȻȪݶ棿
ӵ˽ԼĲҵ·ϻʵ۸ׯӺǮʹǸȪģҲҵׯӵһЩԵĻõǣһ𣬵ʱ˳£ʹϻʵ֪Ҳ˵֡
һ߶ֵǽӸƣһԱλûۿ
ҡͷЦˣ·ԼĸʣһһףӲݰӵλֲĸԸġ


116 
, ȻûʲôŽʮѮʼתӱ˸Ҳ˴ʱ, ϻʵ۵Ҳòࡣ
뿪Ҳȴ, רעϵķ, Ϊӳ˺ԼǼһֱֹܸ˸ϻʵ岻, ٿʵ֮, һȨŸӡ
һβ, Ƶֱùġ
⼸ͻȻ˴һЩҵǮ, ʱʱʹһЩ޳мϼν, ЩʹǶܳʱҲûܹġ
ҺҶĻ.ȵʱע⵽ɽ¶ˮͻȻðͷĴӡ
һֱڵŴôӦ, ˵֮ǰΪǼҶϺ, ŴӵõĶԽ, Ҳʼ𽥾²̫ͷ
ʹôӿĲ뵽Ǽ£ɴȥǲ
ֻ˭û֣ڹһˣϻʵĿоͳ³ˡ
ϴĸ, ҲûǵһʱûѴӵ¡
ȴڵȵһᡣ
ȻƽƲϳҲʱʱҲҪһдν鷿ӣϻʵ۵棬һ˵һߣϻʵѯ塣
ϻʵ۶ӻЩΣǹȥô궼ûߣӹֲã϶ֳ£ϻʵ۵ǶĲ٣ӿɺЩˣ
ƴۣûʲôֵ翵ģֳѳ֮Уɣֻ⼸˷纮ôˣѾްֻӹǻ飬Ҫһʱա
ϻʵҪעЩȲһЩ磬ҲСˣǰ︸ʲĵʱˡ˵ȼԴǰ϶˵û󰭣ܾһղһգʹҩţ⾫ûˣܾû
Ҳʱڴ˼£һƾ巢飬¶ǣװ̲ס죺ôöãǳɼҪúšʣ֮ǰͶǸׯӶǰȥˣպһȪ˵ȪãҲݣһ˵ķãٵģӹҪ
ϻʵɫͲ٣ϴЦЦôദֻϴģϴˣ޻ᰲŵġ˵öԣȪȷ尡ƽʱҲֵദ㣬Ȼᵽˣʱ䣬ȥɽ϶Ȫպˣ󳣹Ҫǡ
ϻʵҲһʱ飬û룬֪ǹڹἰûϻʵ۾ἰ¡
ȻദΣȴǴӦˡ
ϻʵʱˣƽʱ̫䣬ʵһʹӦˣģҲϴۣӡӣû
˺ܿͳ鷿ºЦ࣬ҪպҲҪȥһ˻պøһ𡣡
ûܾ˲̲ôһ·˵ţƴƲݣһֱºͺЦţƵƵתͷ̸ʹƲ˵ҲΣһֳֵܵ
ԶԶƼֻӹϵá
ǲգжᴫӽõϢ
Ƴ˹ӷֱ󣬴Ѿö´ȥȪׯӵʱ䣬ʮµףյʱ䣬պܶ
ƻ˸֮ȥ˽ĸһ֪ҪҲûȥ䱦ڸ
ƻʱڷһ˵ǲӼ˵Ĺ£Ȼףܴʱ䣬֮ҲûҵȤ⣬ֻǱſͫתתһԵı̺ͻȻϣָذͷϹժˣһͷī̳¿󣬱ı̺ڵס
ƽŹߵңͿſŵˣҪ߹ȥͻȻͿԭſתһ̺ӣͷβʵʵֻ¶һ˫һۣԵسգգΪѧɤ͵ͻļҵĹˣ˿Σ֪ɻ䣿
£ۣйӹ׵ɫҲԽԽ߹ȥΪȻûСӿҪ
ڱ̺µǳ˳飺Сӣ
ɴⶺǲףûɻ飬ȴѾĽ֮ˣֻϧ仨ˮ飬ǹ˺úݵġ˵ԼֵòУô
ͿǰŴĿüŶû뵽С󵨣ͷһμѾĽˣҾȫ⡣
СأģѵӦһǿȡమɱճɾ
ûȽ±ƻȴѾֱӱǲҪĶһղײգͽɡ

Ƚعʱԣģ㲻ҪһҪأ
ƣǾȥռ䣬춼һ
´ٶⲻԼ͵ô

ȻգҲ֪ߵý̸ЩõĴ㡣
⻰ԽԽаϻʵӺӣպ󴢾ѡ˵Ҳ͡
֪ʱòУĻ֪ʱҲɫ̫ÿӱţҲҳͷϢԼҲУɴ취һ˸Щ¸ӡ
ӱôãĸηζۣһòηƷˣĻҲŵˣҶϽˣҧгݣ¶࣬ԽԽºΣԼûǼԼܲ
Ǳݺģ²϶ϴ
ǰѹûϴ룬Ͼû˭̵ԼԴһ̣һϴǸ˾أԸͷأ˵ˣ϶Ҳʧأϴ緢ģ㲻Ҳ̲
ӱæ뵽游ӣѹӦɲ£ϴֻñУ룬ǰŲӵģҧҸ㼸ˣȥϴ϶Ľ
ЩҲǰæϴ϶ĸﶼߡ
ĿȥԽ۾Խȳ˸ʹһЩϢٴ˸ȫӡ
ģȷûˣҧгݣȷ϶ûʲô
ĻףΪ֮ǰ¶ʵе¹ȥƪٳ֡
ӣߣٳָϴѾĶƿˣĸ󣬷Ҫ̣̲ˡϴȥʹ͵ׯȪ
ĻףǴӸ͵ģ䶼֪˵͵͵ȥģ˵岻ã׼һЩҩݣúøӲ
ߣ延ģһȨƵķֺãǽһȴҲǺ£ţɵðˣˣԺϴϢˣҵɴһӵģҲֲ˺ãвȿĻףɫźЩϴ͵ȥȪǾ취λҲŪȥŪ㶫ǽһ𣬵ʱѡϴͷϣ˵ϴȥĿľ壬ʱ򡭡ʮҲ˵ϴݺҺ϶
⡭𣿡Ļܾòġ
ӵһۣ㶮ƨֲ֪ϴ͵ȥȪ˵£˵Ȫׯϳ£ѲˣǴõĻҪ³˳ϴ֮ǰ£ܴ˸ˡ
ԽԽá
ĻƲһ٣.ȥˡ
ȽƵõϢʱˣֲôӵôãԭҪȥӵģ˳Ҳӱڹ
һαĹһκڰ
еͬˡ


117 
ԼȥȪׯӻչʱ, 䱦һƵĵӣһ־һƵĶҪ󲻶࣬Ҫ˼Կ, ֻ˼岻УҪһˡ
ͬʱֱǧ, һ, ֹˬҲϡ
һԲƴֵļƣԼȥѪ
ǲ֪֮·֮᲻Լ̫, , Ǯ, ɶû䵽ŶҲ, ϻʵ۸, Ҳǳ˸ˡ
Ǯ׬ǽ, ̹Ȼǧӵ˵ձضԵ, ˵վ翡˸ˡ
翡, ôûҲûļҵģⲻɣ
ĺˣû¶ǧ翡ŵ, µ׽ˣҵһĶƶǴӿռóĶҪǮԽƽʱû£׬ǮҲʣׯӣϾպСص˻ʵۣܵõóֵĶѹסЩ
ҲˣʱСһǻѹֱһаҪѹⶼͿˣۺ
ܿ͵˴ԼӣһȻỹǻӸӸ͵ǣѹ֪ӵĴ㣬ȵ˳ӻϣһ·Ȫׯȥ
ΪǸյõׯӣӹûöˣĿľǷӵļƻʵʩʹʱϻʵ۾ϣ뵽ôأ
˴żɽȥȪס˽ȥסա
һߣ˴յĹŸĵַɽ£ȵɽûŵˣװһȦٻ֮ߣɽʱѾˣʱӵĹ׼ģȵɽϵׯǰˣˣ
Ƚˣŵ˲ϳӣһ㶣ôˣ
װҲԵӣҪһΣǧַ˭ӣ˼ҹˡ
£ƽʱͦڼģ֮ǰΪŲϧ˲ٲҵһΣ⡭ҪһףֵȷӽӴ룬һ˰ѽӭȥһ˸Ͻȥ֪ͨӡ
ӵõϢʱ£ţˣûΰ˼
ӣһˣһӣĵַȷȪׯӡ
üͷȥһ档
һߣӭʱ͵ͤӣûþͿӴӴҴҶȼǿһ漴ӵʳԼʣӣ˵㰴յַѰ˵ǱһΣɱͦæģϲɬʵóǧٶһס
üɫŲãżƹȥʱ˸ǧ˵һһ˵岻ʲһˣдĵַׯӡӣǺŪأô֪ׯģǰҲû˵
ӸϽͣǸʸʹ͹ģҲûΣ⡭ᡣ
վȻˣˣҶԷǲǧҾͲˡ
ҲһԴ·ֻߵøպþӸոĵطڶȻֻһƳϷ·Ҳˣ۾ֱŲԶԶƹܵӣǸӰɣôأ
һ֪Լϵˣӵ͵岻ãһȪ棬պù壬һˡ
˾߲ˣӰ㿴ɫôˣɽǲǲȫ
˵Ϳӹ⵱˵¶ɣ⡭
üҪǳʲô£常Ҫġ˵ˣһȥָˣⲻѵҪ¶Ұⲻɣ
ڵӵİΣ£òׯסһҹ
ȻҪ£ҲһõģţȻҲһȪֻӼӣһⲻȥȪˡ
ֻҲȥˣΪȪׯƽʱûסΪλӣԾʰһԷӣҲֻԷʱŪһ᷿ס
ס᷿Ƶķһȣ֮Ϩ˵ƣʱ͸оӰһζʱ̾ʹ˽סһϢƿͱ˿Ծͷһطںڰ䣬ôǣⲨҲá
Ϊ˴ﵽĿǳСص
ǲµòӦСصķ䣬֮󣬾͸оﱻιʲôװʵģʶȶԷͬߵι뿪˳ѷŸˡ
ںڰۣҩЧʹҲһѲµҩ³һƵݹȥ׼õĽⶾҩݹȥʹûҲԤš
꣬ŽƵݹҩǸιҩҲܲµֻӵŪҩģɴԼ׼ҩЧġ
˳꣬ʱ͸о岻ʣߵҲװʣʱʱ򣬽ͻȻ͵ѹʶ壬⡢ôˣ
ʱȥͻȻǱŵ͵ȥڵϣʹࡱܵſڿʼţȴͿʼţſڵɵۣ԰ҩôңѵҩЧֱӸɲһôˣ˵ˣǿӰѵֱӾȥ
һ֣ȵĴӳˣϽ˹ֲԾϽţȹһͿˣӻãֱ³һѪ˹ȥ
һĻɵˣҲָŴӣ㡭ҩ
һʱȪɽׯҳһţԤ˴Ҳ˾岻ʲףȻǣɲ¡
ڵϽͻسǵʱϻʵǱ糯˵£ˣ糯鷿ŹлĴӣֱôӵۣô£úõôѪˣôׯ
һߣնʺ鶼˲ŵõĻӸ֪Ϣ˵ǻʶΪϴ󣬾ȻҲƽȥˣѾֻĻŲ׼ʰ̯ӣ֮ǰҲһϴ󱳹
׼һһڣĻȥ鷿
ȵ֮պøϻʵǰţϻʵʺü˽ʺ̹ڵϣϣʶҹ³ѾĻʶ˵ˣû뵽ӾȻƵѪ˵ҲΪӵƴȣǵȽһѾˡɺö˶˵ôӵķ⡢֮ǰʶԩݺ۸˴ӵĲ֮֮ͬǰ檻ſǴӣ·ԽԽԣҲʶԩģ
ʺһϻʵ۵ɫҲüӣµô£
ӿɥʣĲֻ֪ȥȪׯݣ˭֪ڵʱͻȻˣ˵˶һθһַǧ𣬽ַдȴǶȪׯӡ
ʱˣӻسһҹһߣɡ˭֪Ȼ£˵˵ϲܣȴǸ˾ӣΪ˲ʲôӲҩЧž˶ڶȪŴҩЧȻˡ
ҩ֮˸ҩ̫ԵӹǱͲã͡ѪʣŶĲ֪ô£ε£ҲӣⲻǡŮ˵ó𣿡
Ļһ̷ʣҽڣôôɣպȥˣҲȥˣô粻ȥȥȻһмƻƣǴӻܰһʲôǷҪȢһޣʱܿɾ͡˺󰡡ô˼룬ôôɣˣҲֵܣ˵ˣö˶˵ģôȥȪмı
ӺۣҺʵ϶ǱżʣûС
ϻʵһʼҲ̫ɣɵĻǾ仰ü侲˵ϴôȥȪ
Ļܾøʵе֣Ҳûͷ԰ǰŵ£̫ˡ
ϻʵȴĻӣٿʺЦһ޵ǾҲɣ˭˵ϴȥȪǴɣģϴѹûϵ˵ˣǧôֱʰ
侲ϴôǮ֮ǰΪ˸һλһЩǮԼʲбĶ
Ļӱ⻰һ⡢ô᣿
ϻʵȴǳŭˣȥ䱦˱û˻ǧҪһΡȥʲô˽ӴûдǮ֧
Ļӱϻʵ⼸ɵˣǣӦŭôô侲˿ûлϴ
ǿĻӵ˼ϻʵһۣ˵ǧʲôɶϴԣǧȴ̫֡ˣԶۻ軨ûŪǲǣ
Ļһ£ɶϴô


118 
Ļɵ, ôҲû뵽ԭʮþȵ£Ȼô˼ϡ
һǱȲɾһ£ӷ, ûɫԻ۷ڶ㣬ΪһλĲǿǻӰ, һ΢еǮ̼Ҳó
ϴôô
Ǵ̼һ, ϻʵĻӺʺŵǻ֪ϴ֮ǰΪ˸һһЩǮ, ԼĲҵ, ͷϽú, ޿ʹһЩǮׯӡοȥȪׯӲżȻ, , ǿνĴԼϴרơ
ʺӰһ, Ĺ֪ʶʱ̫٣ʱֽ, Ϊ˱»ʶֻ˳鶼Ƶϴ, ˭֪龹Ȼķת
һ󲻰ȥҸֳۣû뵽, һʱ졭˴ӣϣȻ޹أǳ檾ȸˡ
ֻû˵꣬ͱϻʵЦһˣʺ㻹ȱߣ˭˵¸޹أȥϰæƽհεҪ˵޹أɲš
ҺŪͷϣĵʹˣԾŪˣ
Գϻʵ۵ķԸȥͽ˶ѣû⣬һ͵䱦󣬵Թʱһţ˱ȻԹһˣ¸¥˵壬ǱԹȥһˣϾ°ѱҲǣڣӵҪ˭ôĵӣƱӡ
ֱͻͻƽʱʲôܵģû뵽η壬ûֻ˵˱ȥȻҲҪȥȻš
Ƚع˹ſڣպáżǰơ
һӲʣαһˣ
ƴۣϴƲģֻʱʱͿȼߴƵһԽϣƽʱ䵭һЩºͣȻǣӣһǱҪġε£ˡ
ܳ˵ﻰӦõӦõġ
ɵۣôűһһǵģΪͻȻͻ˹ϵûôˣϸɫˡ
ҲǣƽʱûôţӶһʱǼ֤ˣӶôģдõĻǰȴȻžӷȡ
Ͼ³ˣӳ˿ӵĳ̶ȣ϶Ȣӡ
ӷȴû֣ӣ⡭
ǰС֮ĶȾӣȻֳ̼ƷȴǱǼλӶϲ١
ϻʵ鷿治ҲʱҲ£˵˼䣬֮ǰſ˵ķӦ˵һͨϻʵ֮ǰֻӵ˾֮磬룬ӲЩȨƣҲҪȨʹôҲ֮Σνǡ
⼸ûϢĻӣϻʵֻÿһ۾;ۡ
ϻʵԼȥ̽˽ĽһֱŵһЩҹ
Ҳûһһһϣţǰһصˣλһʺôһƣø泩
ʺ˿ɾûôˣô껹ûô˹ͷϣŭϻʵֻۣӲͷƤֻۣϣܾõϢæ˵飬ûϲ鵽ʲôֻ¡ʶ궼ֻ˸ˡ
ϻʵûʺ飬һԵĽӣ˵˵ΪϻȪɽׯ
ӻͳһ˱ݹȥù˵һҳƿڵϻʵǰǰ˶һΣһǧֻ˵岻ãҪԹȥһѯεʽԼϸڡ׬ôǮһҲ޷ҲͰµĵַȥˡ
ֻǵڵɽϣʱ춼ˣû뵽ȻôԶôߣɽдׯΪ˵ĵû룬ȵ˵طȴ֡Ǵӵׯӡ
Ҳ֪ҵ⣬ұ֮ӱɽֻǵʱѾˣɽٸϻȥǵȵ˵طſҲˣԾһҹ˯ҹĪŵʲôͻ˯ȥ;ûܲԾˡ
˵⣬͵һߵˣ΢죬ȻͿһ߻£̼֣Щ£뵽˹ӣҳûϵװ׵ģֲãһҩ˻ͲˣƾҩЧ֮ǰϽȡڵʱˣҲúܿ죬ǵĲԣôǽ˶ֻǡ.岻ãʱһѪ
һҪĻһеץ̫ɶˣӹǣôôݵ֣һһʲô£ôð
˵꣬͵һߵˣһյ䵭ӳ߿ۣȻ߿ɵͷȻҲǸмġ
ֲõԤУϻʵҲһ£ǣ
ֻĿǰݲϻʵ۶룬üأ
ȥһһ棬֤ܿݰϻʵ۵ȿˣֱӰ˱ӳȥɫڳİģ㵹˵˵ǰգȥǮׯȡһǮأͻȻȡôǮУ⼸ƵƵȥ˸˵ʲô˵
Ļһڶ£ȡǮãΪˡ
ϻʵЦһΪʲôȥǮׯȡǮ˵Ҫǲ˵޿ɾˣ޿ɲֲкֵܵĻˣޱΪôϻʵ⻰ѹŻĻӣ˵ͱˡ
Ļͷһ£ǰôиǰͷţŵûģܱΪ񣬵ʱǻȥģҪʣˣĴˣⶼŶȥģҲģ
Ļӱŵһͺ࣬Ҳ֪⻹ģô˵˳
ʺŵúǳһ䣺Ļӣ˵ʲô
Ļӿɥ˵˵ˣֻӲͷƤʣû˵ٻ硭ڴ縮ﰲˣ֪ҪȥȪɽׯΪ˸Ҳ֮ǰ¶Ƶϣ͸ɴ࡭Űȥһܳˡʱܽ׷Σ˳뵽֮ǰ£͡͡
ĻûҼ˵ȥʺҪֻͣǵȶϻʵĿ⣬ŵһ£һֲĸоʶΣǡҪˡ
ϻʵһģյ˵㣬ЦðǺðһģӴˣ޵ˣ޵Ƥӵ¾ôޣðȻôֵУֵҲˣ
ϣʺһ˻ʶһΣҲһʱ£֪ˡ
ϻʵȴûٿ֪ˣϴ޽Ǽɽأ˸ʡֵܣͣȻϡǡȥ˸޿ͣݶݣΪ̷ٹذЧȡ
ʺŵһˣ˵ʲôɶϻʵΣյĿ⣬˸£վû˵ڣԺֻһͷˡ
һֱעʺĿ.ֵ̿飬һƬĪʮǰҲôŰ׼ұݺƲһҲŰԩϻʵΪ׼飬ʲô˽ҵĻֲһţ׼һһ
꣬һ죬ҲôƱôݺ
ڤڤ֮˻ǲô໵£ܻеõӦһա


119 
ӱΪϢǻûȽʹ, ˳ԹȺڶˣϾӱؽ˸Ź£ٵһʱӾܱųˣ, ͻȻΪٹذꣿ
, ֪е׷ʲôǲ֪, Ȼûŭ
Ϊ׶ӣôͷһⰡ, ѯһȦû֪׷˺¡ֱ˰, Ϣ˳
Ϣܴ֮, ҲϻʵĬģԵ޹ʱһӵľλҪһԵ, ϻ, Ҫһ
һζΪѾ, ӵ²ûзΪǣ, øһ
֮ǰϵıʱЧ, ϻʵ۶ѾΣϴΪ϶ҵѾģôҲøǽӵҪָˣҪ¹, ֪˵ǲõǵˣ˵ǵ֮еǸ˾ӡ
˳㣬ϻʵҲôϴ϶ǿʲôʲô
ɢǶˣ⵽ôˣϳһһ³ԶԺҪ޹Ͽɳԣǻ᲻ϰߵġ
Ҳ֮ǰ£Ȼ˸ҲʵֲûҪˡ
֮ǰݺӻݺӣǴһѻݺĿʲôǻ˵뵱
ʱĶֱһȦλ෴һǰʱӵӵĻΣҾ֮֮ʿĴ
Ϊһܵ䱦ţ䱦ҵһ¾ִһڡ
˱Ľϲüң̫ˣҪٿһҷֵɡ
ûκγɵģѶ֮䱦ŵһӣ¾¿ҵ¢˴ǵȦ
Žҵ˳˳ˮиֵĵطһպòװѵڶŪ棬ſϱ˱죬ҷе֣֮ǰĴ඼Ƿ˻ߴֹеĹңӿ֮˲ĹӸ磬ѵչ˱Ŀͻ
һ£û˵ŵǽڿռһ鼮ΪʱտˣԽ˵ЩֵֹĴʻҲܶе˼ֻ꣬뵽˽棬΢ҲȥˣϷһߡ
ƳһĻҲ˱ˣˣ
ҡҡͷۡȪɽׯѾ˰£ǲӦȥһ䱦ˣ֮ǰĴȪɽׯƵİ˵Ĺϵ֮ͣվ顱
֣Űǲǻ磿
ҡͷˡ
ҲǣҲദÿȥ䱦ÿռƸȥ
գȥ䱦ʱûһƣǵȥģȵ䱦֮󣬹Ȼһ¥Ѿ˲ˣŮŮӶࡣ
Сö࣬Ͼε⣬ŮƫһЩ٣ʹҲǲǲĹֻ⼸һЩĹӸ磬һˮŶͦǴĹӡ
ϲȫЩˣŵոլô๫ӣϸʮ˾Ͳˡ
֮翡˸кҪȥ¥ֻһ̤ȥԭЩֵĸ¥ʱһƬţ֪С͵ЩҲ׷׿ЩɨŹ֮ǰȪɽׯ£ֻǶˣֻûȥ
ȥ¥һȥӣһʱ䣬һ¡
ֻǻû¥һЩĹͻȻڣѹֵͣ۽ۣЩζɻǴŵʵӣǹӼ˾ҵӴԼһռǣܰѡһ𣿡
ֿһۣѡѡﻹҪһԼ˭ѵΪ֮ǰ¶˺棿
ֻ޹ӵôе㲻̫Ծ
ֱŴƣͻȻ￩һ£и뷨ӿСӲǡ˰ɣ
ΪŴʱ䳤ԭϣļλ̾ǰı޼ҵӸ.ȥһģƾʲôӾûע⵽ǣ
̫ˣȻֱӾǰ׽ԼӣҪ
ǰ˵Ҫѡ޵ʱͦԸģϾˣһӵģǹż޹ȥҲֲ˺á
ɽأӾȻΣҲ˵ʹɫǰҲžӷȣʲô
ӲǸɫģ˵ǺеҲܿɿ
ǵ޹ȥպ󲻻㱻.Ҫһ㣬ӣҸλֲߣ;˵ûգǰû˵ҪѱȨЩ䲻ϣû˱ȨôǸӣƷֺã׬Ǯ䱦ֿһңսҲΪǾͶ˼
ȻɽǣǾɽ˭Ӹ߿һۣǾ͸ƾˡ
๫һϽҲΧҪýҲѡһѡһʱ佹ǳģһԵ翡һһ㶵ģԲۣһӿ˶ٶһһ
ֻһȺӸ磬ȻģҲΧͷһУȥҪȢ˻ȥ֪˭ռ˭˰
ڽͷ۴˶ʱŪߵʱͻȻһ֪˭һ֮ºһ¡
һʱ䣬ԭΧŽĹӸһ㶣£ĸ£ΪӰɣ
ôܣӲ˵ӹǲã֮ǰӵӣô䱦
ӵĵ̰
ֻܵķӦ̫죬Ƿ׷ƫͷͿ䱦ſվһߴΣһչϣΪչ⣬һʱ俴ʹܿҲߵţȣ˲ͰǸȳ
֪ΪΣܾüʹӴ߿飬ȴҲǶǣĪ˸
ֹ.˷˱ץŮڴĸоɵӾȥҡҡͷ⡢ô£ɷԵӳߣĪ˼
Ϊǵ˿ҲͷĽ¶һߵˣĪ飬СһŽŲļһ
ɢȻ䣬ʶô꣬СˡǴˡ
ֲôַҪǰ䱦󣬸Ȩ˰
С
Լû֣̼֮ǰԼӸ̬ȣ鲻ѣһ˫һ۶ˡ
Ա̫üӸһۣ̾Ϣ꣬ôͻȻأǱǸ֮ôժ
ɡϹȻûиԣ֮гһվȻԼˣ
뵽ľǰǰȪɽׯǼ£ѵҲںƤ֮µĸ߹ƷʣǸˣǡôù


120 
Ȼ֪ƴ, ȴֱֳܱӣȴִ󵨣ü۵׶Ц, ȻعʱȻҴ߹ȥôˣǡҪΣ˵, Ƴ, ɻ벻
⣬˲ҲѵˣӲ, ǿļҵĹҪͶͶ
ƴվǰ, ųͳ, Ҫشֹ̧
Լ׿ڻش𣺡, һöõڡ
䱦˻ͷһӵ, û뵽, ǰ˵˻˵Ҳ, ˵ӻָ, ǻⱲûû뵽ɲˣ
ֻǡ
ڣã
ѵǡ
װ죬¶ȻǡΪԼ𣿡
ҡͷǣ񡣡
ףǲֹҪ͸ˣϾ˵, ɳɫȴͬ䲻ͬҲнģֻ˵˭źѡһʵڡһ
ȴֻСġڻֱܸһ
ΪӲ˵ʱ򣬾ٴο˿ڣѡɣ͸֮ǰл񡣡
͸ҵģ˻棿˾Ƽǵıһûۿģ༸עӶˣⶼϡˣû˼ҲͬڣǸû˰
ӰȢãһᰡ
Ʊµͫйһ£ǻ᣿Լó̫ùˣҵˣ
ӦˣһϲģԼȻҪлͨĿɾû˼ˣרŶһȽϺãȻҪƣȥ¥̸ֱӰ˸ȥ¥
ȵ¥᷿һֻʣ¶˵ʱ򣬽ֱӰƸϣǴЦϳɤζȡϵߣ̧ͷ信ϣļҵĴ׸ӷˣģӸոĳЩһҿɾŵˣ
צΪҲż̧֣ҪȥȻᵽˣĳʳҪԣ
ȻûҪ
ֻǵ˵꣬ƽߵͫι漴Ҫ̽һתֱĺ󾱡

Ƚ֪֮±ֱˣɰɶСѧˣ
οеģôˣôûѳסޣ
ȴ鼫ã԰˸ʰ׵ˣ뿪ˣʱøոպáǼӸ绹ûģһֱһ¥ƼóˣǸϽ͵ȥ֪ǲǴܾһ¥¶͸һƽ׽˵º;ʱĿ籩ȫˡ
ɶͷӰѵǿˣʵҲǴô䣿
ӣԭŵһ棬ʱ˵Ҫл񣬾ͲˣҪץꡣ
ӸǣӰ˾͸ˣ㻹͵.ˣԼöôż㻹ȱ𣿲͸𣿿ɾ͵ģҲã
ֻԼ꣬ҭ١ͷ͵ģ͡˦Ǽ֡
ӸۼӶôģҲͷ˱ԾԾǷԣҲֻЪ˼ǣƲɽ¶ˮֻһˣ˳һͷһڡС顣

𱬣϶Ҿûôãϻʵ۶ӵĲΪֱתƵʺϣ˳ҲЩġ
ԵģȻΪ˱ٷͷûô֣ǿĶֱΪԺҪ̼ûʲôܣô꣬Ȼô׾ٰ˸ѹˡ
ݸ˲ûάֶãϻʵӣͬĶҲûɫЩʱֻдһ࣬ϻʵ۶ԴӣѲ֮ǰӺӹܵĶӣ߻عʱ򣬴ӾȻѾԶһ棬ϻʵƵƵޡ
ΣǣΪ˲ŪһеĶӣʱ֮󣬴ӶӸ¶棬ʼϳ
ֻǸôãϻʵټֻǱ鵭ģ֮ǰתӲδ»·ɸµ£ЩȴˣǸˮһ
ӵڳȵףЩٽϻʵ۰κ˽ʺﵽʢ
Щ¶ʺģϻʵ۶ӡ
Щ궼ɽ¶ˮȻͻȻΪӵĵó³ں󹬹ǰʲôԶ
õϢĵֱ޵ӹʱ˸հһƬǽʰɾ޵յģûµĲŲԶЩ㲵ݣϰµģĸĸ
²Լĸ¶Щ̬ĸѾСЩΪ.ˣֻʮͷŶûĸͻȻ˺ü꣬۵ϸ֮Ҳϸơ
ӶΪΣʱգϻʵ۲󹬣ʹȥˣҲȥ߸ʺȥϼΣûô
ȴֲͷ£ֻû˯ãɫͲˡ
ھβѣۣĸǶĴʱСһЩҲᡭĸܡ
˶Ѿһ룬Ŷģ֣ȶ߽¶һЦĸѵһɣ²㣬ݺ㡣뵽ʲô֣߬۵һĨݶСϴЩǰ׾û治ΪǸܵģЩիΪǸʵģһĸͲŻģ
ܳһܳ׼ңһȨƵ¼ңеǰ취ǡ
̧̧֣䣬ȶ뿪һһȹٽʱͻȻתһЦ˰޵Ķ롣
Ϣʱʱߣǻһ֪ʼСʱʱҵˮȥ鷿һҲգؾػȥˣҲû֣һ˼֮ϻʵͷʧįɤҲЩ̣˵϶Ȼ֮ǰȢңǼȴǱۡ
ϻʵ۱ΪҸձѣҳûŹѹһѹҲҲˡ
һ鷿ȴһʱû
֮һգϻʵƵƵȥ޵ӵûٽʵʵʼϻʵ۷Ը飬֮ǰװôҲʵģϻʵ۵֪ʱɫͲ٣̷˲ˮɫ٣᲻٣ͷҲ
֪ʱüһû˵ƣǸ԰ɣ
ưżˣȻʱϻʵûϵʮ֮ˡš
ҲǰЩʱ鷿ϻʵ۵ģΪ֮ǰѪ֮һղһգ˲٣ͻȻ֮ôƶмӿʼϻʵõҩ
Ȼû⣬ҩֶΪ˴ﵽĿԴΪĿģǰ͸֧ϻʵ۵壬Խãϻʵ۵ȵµһж⡣
лҪ˵ڹŵڻʹֵޡȤĿȥաôôౡ


121 
, û뵽ôĺݣѾô꣬˽֮⣬ϻʵ۶ʥ費˥, ʺҪ֡
Ϊ˳ͷϧϻʵ۵ע, ɵĽȻҩӦǶôĺ
ɼʹȥ, ҩҲû£ǲҩҲ, ˻߶ʮӶ, ȷǴ󲹶岻, ϻʵϣǾͲǲҩǶҩ
Ǽʹĳ, ϻʵûж, ֻԼ鲻ܲ, ҽѹᣬѵҪ˵ϲ岻ԣ˵ڻû, ĳ, ϻʵѾУʱѾƣǸӲҶԡ
Ǳ㣬ϻʵԽԽӴӣڹϴԽʶȥ
Ŵӻû֮ǰ, ˵ǳϻʵû֮ǰֽ֮λһϻʵԼʱͷʢϻʵĿҲʱ׽ģѱϻʵ۲ʥּôӼλ
߶漴ϻʵСصȻְҲһĺ£Ͳϻʵ۲׼è壬Ϊ˴ѹ׼ңΪǾ书߸һһݺţĻ׼ҡ
ô׳ϻʵ۹Ҳ֪ģֻǰûɵȴݣ˳Ǹģϻʵ۹ҲˣЩȨֻ֮˰׽ĳţ빬Ҳֻһֻ۱һֻۣðǻʵȥԸɴУðǻȥġ
ﲻܣǳûʱЩģչĸӵԻ֮ΪСأòòϴЩĻάּãһŮ˵ľأǱһСػȥǺ
Сغ֪һУôܲޣдΪ׷ԴϻʵۣҲϧ
֮ͨ󣬽ոյĻ࣬תƻ⣬ˣط֮һ˽ڣôûУҵȥ常һˣҪһͺˡҲֻǽϣˣ˵Ȫɽׯ⡱Ľϵ˲٣˿ֻİˣԿ϶û취Ҳûһ˽ڡ
ȴЦЦ˭˵ûУֻȥŷɡ
üôǴǰȥݼһδ幫
ƿȥȷδˣ
һۣӡ

콹һŶȥʱǰԺС
һȻԺСҪ̳²С书Ҫʼ
ʱϹܼҴģ֮ϹܼҾһ뿪ˣվ￴һͿСͱרŸŪ÷׮ԣΪǳѧС÷׮ŪúܵͣȴҲףСٱѵӣһһͦƣý̲סȡ
ӽͿˣֻҪһǳɣƼСԼŹùӲôô͹ˣ
ⲻǽˣҲţ常ŷλãһȥͰ˵˵ˣǰţһ͹˵һȻҲһƾͽˣǲģڸҲġ
ǹڸЩͺáڼˣȥЩ¥ŷĲ㣬ֲֹóԡ
Цһ常㲻ȥɺȥ˵ˣСһҲ϶ȥϻһȥƣеƻᡣ˵ţƳҪŽ÷׮ͣС١
СٽҲ꣬Ǻͣ˿ŴԼ⹫⹫ȥڸþˣһҪȥŷ磬ϲ
˳Ž߿ȥ̲סϧӣװģźӣаɣ˵öԣһΰͷҪڼϰԺǼĶҪ׺ͽġ
СϲԽС÷׮˽ǰ֤⹫İɣСٶԺСٱﱣ㡣
ҲûסСⶺѽֻﱣ㣬⹫С˰
СټˣıġСȥԺóԺˡ
ûסͷһСһСŪŰ
ΣôС۸ȻˣҲѧ㱾£常㼸У
ɵۣ˰ɣ䣿տʼʶʱͦȤģɺξ;ѹϣСؼˣ˵ЩʱֲһûУĸ常С廹ֲס
ȴǵģھУȻ˸ţѱҪԱһ죬常㼸бɱģؼʱԾȾУڹиġ
ΣȴҲֻӦ
ԵҪڵʱȥŷʱ򣬽ѵһգĺܺãû뵽ӸȻܲֵزҪ֫ЭԲԼûôı
Ⱦ˵ʱ򣬼ֱǿǣϽߴųȥŷ
һʱ򣬸Ҫ߽ȥһҲͣһԣԵе죬࿴һۣԲǼǵòλӵӣѵ
ӡ֤Ĳ²⣬ĻǴߵӡ
Ȼݣýӣͣƫͷȥ
ʱպùģվͷɡ
˵Լ࣬λӲ̫죬Լӵӣ֮ǰ£ǰһΪǰǸĻģϾôöûƼλʲô׵£ɫͲ٣ףɡ
ֻһ˴ӣӵģ
ƴۣȻȻ䣬Ī˵ĸоǧ֮⣬һ徻ѵùڣԶٺõġ
죬漴ھûиǸϻģǰֻһΪջɤӣǼʹǮҲβˣɲͷԼûϢӣȻһƳͿԼӲ֪ʱվһԣɵֱأô죬ֻܡȻһģôˣһ𣿡
Ƴһ᲻̫ţֻȴ˽һۡ
룺ţŰɡ
ӵ費ܱӦŲš˵꣬ӣ常˵
ԼûϢӣţԼˣؿôȻʷ˵˵ӦúһģֻǳˣӸҲҲºЩʹϵɣһֱֻǺ
⵹ӡá
ǣһȻͬһš
һҲſڿʼߣһǰںǸںͷֻƱûע⣬¥ϰʱǰƲ̫Եȣۡ
һ·Ҳûôţɵ¥ݵʱŸоⱻѵʽôãȶǲģһʼעάȵ¥ݿڹϼ̧ʱԤһ㣬ƳۣͶ̨׵ƣߴ漴Ĵϡ
һۣɶû
ƣûҪæ
ɣȷռˣ
һ޹
ǰĺ̨ףʡ٣Ͷðײá
ĳһûţԼӾֵǵүͷֻأⲻŰô


122 
Ȼһŵ, 뵽ӵۣǸֲȺģٷ̸
һЩڳϵļԼԷЩ漰, ۾Ź⣬һȥӶȼ, ԽǺȥ, ԽǾԼǰƫ
׼ҵ·ʱλӿɻûӦһʼΪ׼ıǣӡ֮ǰƵ̬Ⱦת䣬һٷ, Ǹп, ֲð, ǸúӣҲǸõġ
п, Լ۹Ĳ, úõȴ֤ʵǰػ, ΪȴǸ̸ġ
һƱյøһ˳, һ˳, гŹ֣ЩʱҲ˽⣬Ȼ۵׵͡
Ҳ˽˿̵·̣׼ҳµʱδھƽʱҲʱڱ߹, һӹֱˣ׼ҵϻʵһӶģҾȻϻʵۣվĽǶȾð׼ҼȻıǲԵģΪû⣬϶˺һֱӡ
ǰѶӵ±¶ͲظģԼˣ̸ȻҲͲƽ
鲻ûȾƣѣԼһȶ˵©쵽ʱɾͲˡ
һٷԵ󣬵߷⣬ƵǻãԵĲ࣬ҲûǶƹˣֻǵƹЦʱΪſţͷͻȻҲ
֣ͷʲôأôǴܣ
ƹҲôڹ۳ˣЦСĸոʱû£һʱҲ֪ȥʣүȺȺãСǾ˵꣬ҲˣϽȥЩ¡
û⣬ư輸쵹νֻȴԽԽ죬żͺܻڳҪȥʱһɼʹ˼ûǵһʱ˵ɫƶһۣѾƲɫֻȴҲ̧óȥơ
˿ǹµĶý׹ûǸˡ
ôǾǡ
ѾȥеסҲһ˿ϣɴҲסԺΪɴҴҳȥˣûɣ˾תĲ죬ȾӳںլЩҲ˽⡣
Կ³Ҳ˳ȥ
᷿˰Ȧ̽ͷ¿Ǵһ¥ģȥʱѾ˺óһʱ䣬ʮһ۾װӴһ
ӼʹʮΧҲû³ˣȽӵϲԣȴǾκˣȻ
Ӧڲôܵˣ
ֻЩõԺ룬һͿ֮ǰռϷľƣͻȻһԿŴ򶷵һŮթӰڰ֣ͻȻһŮǰƳһĻ¶һͱùں󼹱ϣһ£һӴʱֱһǹֱӶϳء
Ĩһ죬쳰ЦЦСүһ£Ҫһ£Сӻ᲻û
ȻԷ⻰ñ㷴һ٣Ӳһ
ˣҪ˵ƹĸϽҴܹЦСү𰡣Լ˱СһӷһڵģСĸ
žһƹϣʲôȻСүǰ˵Сүˣ
˵ţҪƹһţֻһȴ˸ա
̧ͷŭȥĸȻҡֻ⻰û˵ٶһͷĺ췢ʱȻֹôһͷ췢ĳǸ⻹ûˣŭϲϲεģ㰡ôˣƹ£ҽѵūأôˣ
ѹʶǰĸУѹѹƤû˵
ƹΪԼҪһţӸмѣӳֻǰλү뵽ʲôϽѹѣӣҵСӡ
ޱӣǻһλ飬һ鵹ûʲôֻͷиҵĵңĵ֡
ֲô裬ԭиõиùùð
ЦЦƳһۣƿڣԭҵĹӰֻǱӵǺ棬ôˣʮ˴һ֪ĻΪ鹫ף˵
˽һۣʲô˼Ц޹ʴˣɫÿɱλͷʢ治С⻰˵ģСүȻΪСүôⲻתܼˣ
ҲҪܣǹúӡ
ܼҵǲ뵱ôǸˣǼߵ¾ϲǿ˵ˣҲи﷨ʲôˣ㣬˵׷ʲô£һָŵ
ޱվͻȻҲž裬ЩʱھУٸŵո£ԶǶûʲôӡ󣬿ɵ⼸ϴܿȻݱ⹷ݸߣ룬ĨһǵѪգһԱסķˣһֻʱһӡ
λСӲ޳ԹֻǼǰոǰΪ˻˵δǺġǰŷЩʳأСӣҲ磬˾ʱ˵͵ӣҪȥ٣ҪֶţЩӴ񣬻һ˲ķв񡣡Щմѧ秵ģܿͰȥѡҪĽһ顣
òУʶô꣬ȻƷοոȻֻǿһۣķȻң죬Ȼٻ
Ȼ֪⼸귢ʲô£ȻȻܲܡ
СӻǺô棬⾩ҵģ˵̲ߴûˣһ޹ְλľô˵
ĻɫһʼӼӣʲӸҪǸСүܹȻǴҲˣ
ʲô˼ү˵͵ˣ͵ˣôţ
Ǳ˵û͵û͵ƳѾĳС㲻˵͵ˣҵҪܲԼҵ
ңҶԱүԣֱվ
Ծԣ㵱㲻ɣʲôҵ˹ȻûһöӸ϶ˡ
Ȼ֪Ӻö˶˵ĹԷ޵үʱ˵ӵĻ˵һûɣֱǰֻǰողʮӿȴһ߿Ϊ׵һӹνСүӶߣοǣǵǰмԴ
˵ĿյѾֱӰѹſڵϿסֿʼȥûӡ
˵çײȴ򵥴ֱ֤λС׵İ취ϾȳŷСӰһӣСӾһҲ˵塣
ⱲӶûܹôίгǶɵˣôűүô۸
ʮ˶һۣҲ°ȻӲ簡
˻үСùÿǵƨһӣһµȵ̼֣ʲôүᣡ˵ֻү᲻󣡡ͷŪ
ʮ˶˶룬ҵūţȥ֪ôʱ򲻻үͷûˣҪǰͿһѾߵӽǰϴŸߣƲݣȴĪǴ˸
ûǶ֣ͻȻͿϷ¥ݿڴһǲ֪ô棡һСŸҴӣⶼ᲻Ǳ⿴ô᣿
ʮ˶£̧ͷķȥȶ˫Ŀǵؽ˵˭ʶǲǼٻһͨڵϣϡôҲڣִˡ
ͬʱѾصӸ˳ֱԣӣҵˣλСӵȷԩˡ


123 
ֱߵǰ, ӸſŬţʮѹѹͲǰȹϵϣ, Сͱ˴¨ˡ
ӣЦһ, ˵Ӷˣԩ˼С͵ӣʲôö˶˵ôԼﴧţ
ͻͻһ, ѾŬţȻƱ, ү, ֻһһ˸͵ˣ, 㲻ԩү, ôǸ, Ȼô۸, ԩҲϣ
Цһ𣿱Ҫʵʵԩ, λӺͷ˵Ǹ, ҲˣɼȻȻ׽»治ܾôˣҪǴȥ֪ĻĵҪҷҪ˻Ұǰ֤װ׸ҳ, 㻹˵ԩ㣬ɲҵȨ۸ʼͷˣ
ЦЦʼңӻʼңһµȵͼ̼֣ΪӣүЬҲ䣡ǰұȻҺˣӻʼң
͵⼸仰һԵƣ£û˼ҿǵ泰Һ常Ȼ˹¿Ҫ֤Щһ䶼ʡˡ˵գֲı飬ֱóˣʹˣҲŬŤͷȥͿ֮ǰڽǰǸתͷӸϵĪ˸¡
ʮҲ˸£ʲʲôӣǸողӶ֣
ʮ˲ɫЩ㶵ĹͷϽܹȥһֵѿٻӸŪΣٻӴ˳۵ذɢͷڶѯʿ˵
ȷٻû£ɿſԶļˣɫﶼţû뵽ԼȻɲ˾ʱպܳļλ
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ֻһԴǣ˿ֻܻŷ˲֪Ҫ˵ʲôʲô
˰֮ʮԼԼˣǶһۣԼСү˵ͰˣֻӲͷƤæˡ
ʱӡΪ׵һ˺ƺȥ˹ſڣΪнƣֱӷоô˹ֻʮǱֱӵ̲֪̲֮˷ҲˣϹٷƴˣһ·ϼùǷᣬҵСүǲǣ
ʲô˲õȻﵽǼͷϣǸֱԼŮӺˣǿǸֱӵġ
ϻʵ۽ϵõϢʱˣ˵ʲô塢ӴƽѹСӽˣ
ͷ϶Ǻϣģ鷿˵ǡСӣףǣӣ⡭
ϻʵˣ֪С˭岻ãǸ󳣹ϳôູͣҪСӾȻôĵӣߣȥ鷿
ҲǰϣҪһȥ
ϻʵҡҡͷΪʱһֱˣҿûȥ򣬻
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ٻһͷɣûǵͷţôҲ벻ôͻȻͽҪˣǲܳռ˵˵
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һ⣬Ҫ˵ˣλӺô磬Щ˸֡ӿȥҪﳼЩӶˡ常ȥͳͷˣӵӸɴֱûӣǺãӶѳˣֻҪλǸҲˡ
Ӳϣ˳常֮ǰĻ˵Ǹµȵͼ̼֣ɳȻǸ̼֣ΪΪΪ˲£ⲻǺ⻹㣬常˵常Ǹ常Ͷ׹ϵʲôǣòУֱӴֱӹˣ
ûǻ׷ӣǲǼʹϷӣҲǸµˣˣǳˣͻر߹ȥⱲӶˡ
ϻʵˣӱǲ
ðã
ŵҲ˵ˣүǡ
֪ԼˣŬԼ˵䣬뷴䣬ɷֶԷ˵ĺģֻ˵Ҳ֪ӣҲ֪ﰡ
ϻʵȻԭһ˵ˣҲܲñ˵.ϵĲһ޺ģȻȥ˵ԼʵĶӣһӵģص˵Լѹ֪ӣҲ֪
˵꣬鷿ոˣĲŶԭӾ򰡣ԭ常Ŷôӣ֪ʲôλŶˣ˵үʱ˵Ҫæ˵˾ʲôҵСүһλĹùãЩʲôԭܱ常簡
ϻʵĥЦЦϲɫʱͷһϣһ
ֹˣҲ
ϻʵŭЦϣ˰
һ·ϼòУôҲû뵽˾Ȼǳô£ƫƫԼ֣Ҳŵģֻܴܲ»С
ֱȥһţôô·ϣһСôô˵Ǹ
ҲŵòᣬʲôҲˣˣϥҪǸ
Աһãϳ׵Ŀɲү̫ϳܲ𡣡
ѹǿ˺üͷ·Ѿ˶ԲߣεѹȰλүժȥϣ΢֪Լ޷΢Ըͷúýѵֻ˵Ҳ˵СʵҲСֻʢ֮ǰոε˵ᣬβŶԽŽѵһ£΢ԸԸλǸϸһᣬҪᣬʱںܶǰλֵµӣŵ
ɫ鵹֪ؾᡣ
ҲһԺۣϣֳӾ͵һԺӣ£Ͼ͸һĴĻɡ
ϻʵ۱.һޣɫǿһЩͷŵǶԿü
ȻǰǲǶԷĴˣˣ»ܻһ
ٻʱͷҲû̧
ϻʵʵǺˣǰΪҵִǿɵҵۣ
һʼϻʵۻɿû뵽ͻȻ˽ˣԵɣͻȻµɫһ䣬ʼŰӡ
üҧҧͷˣʵ˵ϣǲˣ￪˸ھ֣νлһλ˽ֻǼǰλ˽ոʱǡһ׮ƽ֮£񿴲ȥλүִȷλˣֻΪʱ˰λүķԸҪ۸ոĵչ˵ЩеûĻ񿴲ۣŶ֡
ϻʵһ㶣ոĸո
·Ѿѯ˸˵ô£Щ֧֧˵˼ǰ׮£˵ʱүˣŰתôҲû뵽Щ£ո֣￩һ£ֲԤС
ȴѾ˿ڣպүĸϣպү׵ܵܣֻʮǰүѾûˣ¹¶ĸӵǹĻԣֻչﲻ֪ôүϣȥո˵ý֮λӾȻȥոˣҪչҡʱպڳү̫裬˵չĻЩȻǸƽͷգȴҲ֪һԼһĸ֮ý֮ԣȻûܵ˹ǰ˸ҵġ˵Ȼû˵ңɺôչҲĵŮôܡһʱǰҪߵչˡ
ϻʵ۱ѹȥһ¾ˣһߣſȶĿ⣬һװ


124 
Ϊ̫һʱѹ벻һĶԲ, ڳϽ꣬û뵽гһգԼĶӿӵôңɼʹ, Ҳһʵ, Լֲ˺, Ҳڹûϸҡ
ûסȷһ˹ȥӣӣô£ôô֮ǰ˵ϲռҹ, ײʽȥ˵ףֻ˹￴, ҲΪúʱ˵ý׵ʱ˵ƽ, ôͳңǲǹչģ
һ£ûôɶǷǱŭҰһģ, ŵһ쾹Ƿһ, ÿºÿ¡
ù, ҡ̲סԽ鳯һ԰Ҳû˵ȡ
󿪿ἰռҲԼһ˵ģ, ҲڲӰ쵽ǰ, ͻʶҲѱòñķµó裬αˣ޳ͷ֮·
û뵽黹֮ϲպүû, ռҵǵʱ˴ϾռҲĵıңռҳĵմӣռҳλպүֻռѾüˣպүһȻ̳˺үľλȴûеõʲôʵȨֻһ۵ְϻӡ
Ϊռ̫͵֮ռûʲô鷳Ҳû̫ע⣬˭֪Ȼﻹ£û˵Ҳ⣬Ȼչܺˣ¹һҵռֻֻǵʱ·ʱպǸֱģȻҲͿ۸Ҳͳ֡
ҲΪ
ֻǴ˿̽ȴ̲ס߬ǻͨͨţ˵ǻһλ˽ģȥռңֲʶռˣϧôԶԻ͵ǵģǡǡ
ֻѹͷ̲סϣԼ侲Ͼ»
һ飬ȻѾˣҲûʲôģ⻰˼ΪþܺϻҪɷοүһδŮӵҪԣ˵ˣ˭ӣأһĹùãôܵһүĸϾô˵Ҫ˵չңأϢûһȻҸ۸һʲôСүôģ֪ģΪǻ׹ݣЩҲյġ
⻰ԭŭ΢һЩϻʵۣһʼרעȷֻȻô󵨣һô龹Ȼô伣˵ұʱռҵĶˣ˭ĵ
ϣңһҰ
ϻʵҲ˽ⱲʵֻԼԼԼµλΪ°׼ҹ߸ܲϧһдۻ˰׼ңΪƺҺңʱʱֹ̧ʺҲ׼һ̫Щ꣬Ϊĳ谮Զӵĳţǣǲ֪Ұİ
ϻʵЦŭˣôЦţȴЦͷƤ顣
ʱվеµϣԩˣҲŲʲô׹ݣҾǡ
ʲôϻʵͻȻЦЦһȰģ
ϻʵôһЦһֱŵҲϹȻƫҵģû⹷ֵĻ̲סҲϻʵ۹ЦЦֻòãϰͿ̱ôһЦĹɣϣǶĸʣ˵ǲŸ׽һЩڸ״˻ģ
ɵûۿˣɫף죡˵ˣԽ˵ǻԽŭ
ϻʵЦһҰЩ޵ȷ̫ʴˣҲ˰
ôһ䣬ŵɫҰֽǹˣòϻʵ۶ûôɵһȫˡ
ϻʵ۲ٿǣֱӶԸȥ϶ʮٴȥ̲ȥ飬ʵϳͲףүһ׮׮һ̲ϲϰ죬Ͼҿңһãõµİ˵޹˼׹ϵ¹죬˱޵ļǣʱʵۿɵòְ
⻰ɾʹˣ鵽ߵһֶû˵
ȥʱûع۸˸ôͳ
ͷʱʹһʹ࣬漴űסû鷿˶˵һ仰һ̾ͻΪһ
ϻʵƿ飬ҰЩҲͿ๦ˣ±ϾǣҲˣͺúôڸ˵ɡ
ɫҰף˼̫ԣǱʱְͣˡ
Ҳһ飬߳ҡҡͷϻʵͷϣ˭Ȱϻʵ۷ŭ
ֻˣ˳ӵּлҲûܿ뿪ȥ취ˣûֻˡ
ϻʵѾûӦȰο֮󣬾ȳ
ﵽĿҲûŻܺܿҵ취Ų֪òиѱƵϻʵ۵ǰ˵ǱߣǴҲŹõĻᣬЩұЩ캦£ܿӦþͻڵϻʵǰ
꣬Ǳùˡ
鷿һֻѲ٣ĵѹŵļȴôȥ
Ʊϻʵ۵ֻԼ򸾣ߣٻڶţǰͷˣôҲ벻ϲ˴еϽӣ˻ϡ
˵ЩлĻŲԶ·ǳ̫࣬Щ˻ȥ¶˵鷳
Ҳû˵ģȽ̲סϣ뾩ķ˵˭ǲǲЩȴʳڣΪڣֻܿסʡ
ЩȴһֻС߬һ飬ȴִ˼ϴѾһǰˣʱûϡ
ĻôͻȻˣأûҲԣǲ뿪ģǾͲˣǡǡ
ôһ·Ĭ˹ſڣǰĹŻЩ㱣ôѾˣ취̽һסںδܲȥݷһ£ӣ˵˻ɣ˳ͻȻԤһͻȻ̧۳һȥͿſڲԶŵһѹһֱƵƼǳ
һŮһĸ˳ߣ۾΢΢һŲ뵣ǣҴҳ˹
Ǹ˵һ˲䣬һᣬûסۣĲſסŸ˴Ҵҳ߶Խߵ򸾸ǰôúõͻȻŪˣû£˵ûУٻûŵ
ϤĬĬֵ̧һֻǲһͷ̲סǰסˣһ


125 
û뵽˻Թ, ٻǰסôˣôһھֲϤһʲô£ͷô˽
ҡͷ, û¶, ôˣõϢźСƾʹ˴Ҵҹ, ʱ˲δ˵ֻ˵򸾱ˡ
Ҳǰ򵥽һ, δϸ˵, Ͼ, ˵ֱ̫ף˲ص, ǸСִ, , ѰˣѾˡ
ɿ, ɵ, ˳߳վŵȥͿһλԼһ
Ž£Žͷ췢һʼԶǺҹ, ֻҴҿ򸾲δ̫ע⣬񿿽Щ˽һͷ췢죬۵ͻȻ΢΢㡭㡭
￩һ£ͷһŵĺ󱳶ʪˣѵϳˣôܣϾڹſڲ˵̹׵ĵطһ̲סЦ˳ЦüͣԭǹӰǲǣڲؼһ棬һҳׯ㻹ҼСӲһСĽӣ׷ȥûټӣû뵽ھˡ
֮Իǵã˶Էͷϡĺ췢⣬ǶԷͻȻôصĶѰ˺ܾãûѰŷ
³һװϸ룬̲סЦˣԭǷ˰СӿɺãʱżȻӱ߹ؾأСȴüãҲͶԵ˳ˣʲôϡСӰ.漴ɡ
ӿͷ־Լˣ춨Ҫŵлźãȡֻǵ˵λӣ̫ͣͶҪתڡ
û뵽иһӴĻᣬ᲻Ը⣬Եû뵽һ𣬾Ȼھطָ꣬һһͶһҪúҸطúٳһ٣ֻǽˣǾ͸ˡ̫鲻ףϾԷǺլˣصתϣ֣֪סںδԼ
ǸֱģǽᣬգҲҪŰݷлҪֲ˺ãȻûξǣӦӺүŶԡ
һлһύ̸ܿöʱ䣬û̫ｻ̸һ뿪ŵͷס۵׵ʧ䣬̲סѾԤڵҪõö࣬ڲһʱǱŸ̬ߵģû뵽ʱĽӵǳܿĻᣬ鼫á
Ƿ˺˽⺢ӣȻǷ˺ǹע
ӣҲ죬常Ҳ֪ҿÿ߲˼ҵСӳرãҾûס˽ӣԼʱľٶе³çθպôɣˣ͡
㰡ǼݲǾٹ㵽ֹɡϵأû뵽ЩûؾЩӵܾȻģܵպ󳣹δ
֪常û˼Ͼ߿ͻȻھǣռЩǣˣɽȴ֪Ϊ˲ų֣ЦŴչȥ常˼ģ常ҲԼǷ˼ҵСӣڵˣ۵ģرÿҾûôÿޡϾô񣬿Сܾ͵ǿԼˡ
ˣˣԼŰУʱƤһ㣬ҳǲưոݡ
ȻӦǰֻȴǺҳôһ£һӣܲûһѣʹûңһӣô๦ԼͷϴñθͷҺһˣĺô
ǲǳ֣Щž͵һ죬Ұﲻ£ӱž͵ȥһᡣ
صһֱ˺ܾƲŻȻһӸ͵͵ص
һͿϣŴ󿪣ŵλãܿͷϵ¹⣬ֻǽˣֻһɽºܺãһȲ裬۾΢΢ţͷּۣͷҹա
ԸоܺãҲûʣȥһӣչֱӴס
ҲûܾƿһߣߵλãҲҲ࣬һš֮ǰ䣬ɵƿԼģߵԸմûãȴҲȺģѵڹûڹ
ҲûƵֱ̧һžýһжܼգ͸ˡ
ǲµʲôһʼȥ鷿֮ǰ֪ʦĶԹǴʲôʼģɺռʱҲ뵽մ˵ıңᵽ˻һλķӦһƬָ΢΢Ҳ¶ˡ
䣬ͦ˵ģҸոռˣͦģһǰǻźöˣѾˡ㲻֪ﻹǵңǻ֮ǰȥһˣСһӣ͵ɽҲˣ˵ҪлңʱǱ߸һԶٷʱҲȥ㲻ܼҿռҲһˡ̲סе࣬ȴֻʱƣνΪòˣƼʹȥЩ΢𣬿׻
Сشʮ꣬ǼСصĵһۼʹҲϳȵȴСһȥֻˣǲһžˡ
ϼý̲ס뵽ȥ꣬ʱֻΪΪҪˣû뵽ˣǻһСҲһֻҲ֪ôˣЩˣǾͻȥһˣС㲻֪Сܳÿˣ㵽ʱ򿴵϶ϲСܾķ棬ҲҲΪ˼Уô߳
һֱ˵ţƾţ֪ھˣ˯ŵʱǻЦ̲סͷüۣûסͷϣü۵׶۵ᣬ˯ɣܿͽˣʱһҾžˡ
Ժ˭ҲܰǷֿ

շץ鱻иڼҵ°Բѣ⻹ֻǿʼ̲ȥ飬û̲֣һ֤ݹµ£ôΪϢ˴¾ȻͻȻ֣̲ɵۣЩ֤ݽҲǲҲǣ֪˭ôġʡˡ
ɵϸһ׮׮һȥ飬Ȼģǣ
ľսʱһ֤Լڹľڵ˲ⷭһȿͷǹڰ׼ҵʱŵòûˤڵϣɫҰף⡢ⲻҪ
⵽˭ģ
ȻЩʱ͵ĶĿľҪҳ£ƫƫЩȻġ
Щɽҧҧˣڰ׼ʵҲȥ飬ϾϻʵԶֻܻЩҴҽ˹


126 
ϻʵٴѪεϢӸʱ, èԺŸ¯ڿûˣҲԽԽ, ö䱦Ҳ, Ϊ֮ǰѹСү, Сүϻʵ۸̲´ȥ룬ȻҲûӸȥ䱦¡
Ȼ, ȴҲڵҺʹӵĺ, ϾôñŪĻ, λԲš
ֻû뵽ôݣһֱϴС
ƽǰó͹ż, ȿ˶𾪵ġ
֮ǰû´, ҺʹӶ, ӳֵһ㣬⼸갵ռĹҵЩòּù¶͵ǰ, ЩȻǴ, ȴҲС£еĻǣȥҲܲ鵽һЩߡ
˲ˣȷ֮Ȼϱȥ
ЩȻֻ͵͵Ūҵ, ȻбҵģֻĿǰ˺ֲȣȻʱȣĿĺܼ򵥣ҵְҸŪˡ
Ҳ˽ϻʵۣҿ֮ϻʵΪȣȻ̧һƺҡ
ֻȷЩƲҸһŵ֤ݵȥû뵽ôݣֱһʹ볹׽ˡ
Ұѵݺ׼ı¸ݵǰеһЩͨݺһЩ֤˵ĹʣˣһЩѺʼһЩѹ̧˵޵İ¡
һ׮׮һȫҸժ˳ȫΪɵɵ׼ң°׼պᳬңôƣôݺôð׼ұݺı׼ҵЩҰŹȥϸϸһͷ
ȻϢ£ֱӵȥѵƲҸժһɶ˿ûǣһһҪŪȥģǲŵġ
ϻʵ۲֪ΪǾ䡰߸Ϊ°׼ĻгһıʱȻЩɣ˵ԼЩɣ֤ݰڵǰû׼˵Ĺͣܿ춨
ЩһֱοԼû׼ģɼʹˣҹλأȻεǸˮͬﻨһŮӣվһϮ滨׵ĹۣͻȻһѻյĿȫǣۿһ㣬ѡ
ԵսսЩ֤֪Щô£ѯһϻʵ۵ʱ򣬿û뵽ϻʵ۵ȿЩþû˵ͻȻͷ³һѪô˹ȥ
һʱ䣬ʹңľսҽʱʶʲôϽЩ֤ﱣãԤУЩģǵĻΪ׼ҷʹϣãɵϽһҶЯ֮ûЩסˡ
ϻʵͻȻεϢȥλӳ˻ŵӶ˹һֱģôΪɵȥ̽Ϣ˾һ«ʲô˵
ϻʵڵѵģֻǳϦ˺ü꣬һȻҲȴǣΪ֮ǰΪ˸һЩҩƽʱûʲôɵ˺һӣԴԴ翪ۣһ˫ɨһصˣֱۣŬ壬촽Ըááҡ
˵仰ϻʵһûֲʣֻҲ˵
ɵۣʱѵ¹ŰѸ
ʵһʼôһ뵽ǲңֳѾʱиڼңֱ̲ԷЩЩϻʵ㱡˽ˣôܻΪ˵Լô
룬ʱ˼ѵıǰ֪ˣֻĻλϲŻôŭɣ
Ȼϻʵֻôһ仰˼죬ֻɽ.ͳԴ˳ȥ
Ȼ֪֪常ԭ򣬿ɻǵ³б䣬ǰݳϢһȽ.ͳһȥΪԷһ΢˵һ常εˣܲǰ׼졭Ҫˡ
ţԣ⺢Ӻúõ˵ʲôأ
룬ѹ常½.ͳҪ常̬ȲãͻȻѪεӦ֪ˣոӸϢ˵ǻһΣ˴ǹŶˡȴ֪Щһ֮ǰΪ£ע̲⼸յݶһЩһЩ£Щûصһݣǹڰ׼ҵǳıָ֤ҵΪ˶Ȩݺİ׼ҡ
ʲôŵԲ˻Ŀ˻棿
ûڣͷͻȻҴҵĽŲܿ쵽˽ǰʼţүͳˣ˵Ҫһˡ
Ž۵׼Ϣ˲䣬׵ôĽδĻζʲô׼ҵΪǾŵ£ǡΪ˻ŻϲƴһЮ
֮ԾҲΪ˽²ǰڴǰẬȻĬã常˼ˡܿһԴҴдһţڽ˵˼ʲôӲóһݸⶫţŽ˵ǸˣķԸ常˹ĳһСˡ
ɡ
常㡣Ľļ򣬰ѶһţͿͷ.ͳŲˣޱǰ߰ɡ

ôǹƥ˹.ͳҲ˿̬Ҳ٣ǲԼ˻ϵ˼˹ٴΰ
ҽþеĿұ£ںҹϻʵ۸Ūˣϻʵ֮һ¾ͻܹһȦˣȿǿָ̧ӣӣԼĩβˣ¡࡭ȥ
˲⣬Ī￩һ£̲סȥʺ󣬺߹˫۷죬ϻʵۿ˸ͷʲôû˵ֱӴ˹뿪
ﲻԤиŨʺôô׾ˣΪʲôҪϴ壿ѵ֪ԼˣҪگ
˵ʲôʲô˵ͷ˳ȥ
ŵŹϣϻʵָˣ˵һҪϺܾã桢ǡ顭顭
˵ҪϽһ˳
ϻʵѪʱŰôҲۣԼЩָϽŹԣϽӦˣ룬ѻĶ˳


127 
óЩ¹ذ׼ҵԩ֤, Ƽʹ֪Щһ鿴ȥЩôΪ׼˵·ð׼ôô˵Ѫ·
ܰ, ֻǴۿһԵϻʵ۴Ŵ, űΪЩ΢΢, ģϻʵۿھβѣ˿ǰЩ·ֿǸŮ, ̧ץץ, ȴץ˸, ˹ȥ
ƲûͷȥԼϻʵ, ٿЩ̲ס¶⡣
ϻʵ񿴵Щжھ, ж, ѵûɹЩʵ𣿿ʹˣֻΪΣĻλ, Ϊɵ׼, ķǻ˰׼ҡ
Щ꣬ʹˣϻʵЩĻӣԼӵңŻ, Űѵ˽ʶ˲壿Լժ˳
׼ҵ£ҡңϻʵۣÿһ
ȻһҪŪ϶Ѿɿ£ʹ㻵ŵʱٴϻʵֵֵˣû뵽鳬ԤڣΪ侮ʯֱӸȻѰ׼ҵַ˳
һ߿ţһֱģ϶ûôţô巴ҪˣûиҲջûã⻹˽Щھٻ£ٳӣ뵽⣬񣬵̧ͷʱȦѾˣܣû뵽ꡭȻЩ꣬ˡ
ƴû˵ֻǾһеĶ˹ȥȳ׿꣬ǱϻʵԵĶǿһˣȲˡ
ǰϥ¹򣬡ϣЩ𣿿Ҫ飬Ʊػǣܶ࣬ǣܶϳ
ϻʵҧ飡顭.ִӻһһƣĸ֣١
ƣ˹ӹϻʵ۾ͷҲˣҪҩȴιȥڰȥȴǳưڰ֡
ڴӶ࿴۵³ȥ˽ǰڵϵϣۣϻʵ֣.ųȥޱ鿴ţǰסˡ
ϻʵȦ죬촽ʲô˵Ļȴ壬ۣ첻ѣȴǴϻʵۿڣ£ʡЩ¡
ʵͦģϾ׼ҵµʱѾȥʮ꣬ʹ֪թʬ⿴ϵʱԼŵʱģʵѾµţǻ֪թʬ뿪ֻΪʱΪĿȫǣֻܷ֮ߡ
ص㣬¾ĿȫǣϾ֮ǰһεεˣͻȻǰģϵʱ˾ȻǼ˵ʱǲϾ֮նҹҹجΣŰʣҲû˵ʲôֻ˵ᣬ֮˰׽ˡ
ӣѪ֤֮ϻʵûΪҲᣬǣּʹӻôöûἰ
Ĭˣϻʵ˽ķŬ
ƴۣ˵ű˵Ĺ£Щʵ̫ãݣҪأֻȥЩߵǸеȭŹ򣬸տʼʱܴԵǻãɺΪ͸ճûҹӣͽɽֻϧ޸ϮشӵʱѾû
ڴﲻܴôģĻƶֻЩϴĻƣôһǺü꣬ɼʹˣǼһٱһ٣Ĳ̫á
ɼʹˣߣʱҲûʲôֻǿһЩﻹʶ֣ҾЩѾܺˡοʶˣ͵͵Ӳͣʱʱ͵ʳʱӣҲĻϲˡ
ûʲôɤ渵˵˵Ĺ£Щȴϻʵ۵Ҳ̲סݣ޷ǸҹŮͽڱĺˮļϴģ
̲ס͵͵һϻʵۣȻ۵׵ΣףϺɫǰݼʹڹҲֲ˺ãֻûˣҺž˺ˣİڹǱԵøǹͷʣ
󡢺ءϻʵ۸߬֡
³һյ˵ǻ˵ڣʱΪҶһڷϴʱһͷ˺پȻʱѾûҾͱһˡûϸ˵ϻʵ۹ҲûҲ;ûʲôˣˣǹġ
Ȼϻʵɿ֣ؿڣپȥ˳ܿϻʵȳȥ
Ƴȥվڵſãյĵţվöûһ˲δ뿪̧ۣͿӳǰοһͿʼĨǴ̽ϻʵʲôҲûֻϸڲδ˵ͽȥƫЪϢ
ΪϻʵûߣЩӶƫʱ˭뿪
ıӰȷûˣüģͷ۵ţȴþһҪǾö󷴶ѻλô죿һг붼һûˣܳΪӶĳ̶ȣʱ򡭡
ֻڲܻţһлûɶ֣˵ʱ嵱˻ʵǻ̼ӣô壬϶ԽԽԶʱٴ˵˻ʵۣȢֻĿǰҲ֪ܱܲһٸŪ塣
գϻʵٵƣʼֲ鵱׼ҵ£Լ֪ʱѾһģֱӱŵĽʿΧ˸ˮйͨ
Ͷֱӱ˹ôҲû뵽˵ϻʵ۲̼ȴֱӱסˣȥĶ˿أȻûĵزɵȵ׼ҵ֤ʵǱҸݺģҳˣӼʹϴûȥҿˣʲôǣЩǱҡ
뵽Ӿͺ޵òУôҸɵĺ£Լժôɾƾʲôֻôң
ò׼ӣȶ϶Ӻ޵òеݣҧţֻӵʱֱӿżɽΣˡ
ҧȥˮҲˣװʲô޹أǺҵĿģ˵ӳ˿ֻҪҳ£Ҿõһңʱеǻ··ӣһһϻʵûͦȥȻǿȴҲϻʵѪʱ˭Ц˵
ûµʱУ׼ȥˣҲҲ֤ݣԡֻһ·ߡ
ԼĸĿ⣬ĸ
۵ɫƹô꣬һ·ֻҪܰѻʶͳȥϵ˽Ҳĸʿʱɴ෴ˣǰ׼ҵǲҲνˡ


128 
Ȼల, Խ²ȥһԽЩΪŻϣŵǻû֤ôܻᶨ°׼ҵΪˣϵ·ʱڱ߹زδԵ꾩е, ˰׼ҵı˷ҲΪ, ԰, һֱΪڻǴĳЩĿĵġ
ЩͷһζҵĻϲ˻ɣֻЩ֤ݾ׾ٲ鵽, Ѿ˶ʮ, ȥ, Ļ鲻
ʶʲôٴνÿսʱ, , ɫͲ, ųϵҲû˵ʲô, ֻƵļͽڵ
Ӳɫ, ǽչͷĶΪ԰׼ҵ¶ϧ֮飿
ɲ̫Ȼаλ󹬵˵Ӹվһ𣬿Ǳ, ĻΪԼƽѾƫȥѡ
ʱĥģɾ֣ϧ֮֮飬ֻҪǣȥƾͲƿصˡ
ڼڹۣҲʲô
ڵ浽ϻʵϻʵ۱ǰվͷ˵㣬Ȼʱٴιȥʱ䣬ʮ겻ֹԭ󣬿ţǱһʮ꣬Ѿĺĸо
ϣǽղ鵽ģͷдģѾ֤ʵ룬ǡͷĻû˵꣬ɻ˼ȴס
ϻʵͷ.ЩѺ״ЩεϳôҺıݺ׼ңݺɵİ׼ң׼ҼʹرȴδйģǸ˳İҲĵģһжֻˣΪԼͷĲ¼ɡ
ȿȡȿȡϻʵٴξҿϽǰűò׵ϻʵڻͻȻͷмеĽŲȵ˽ǰ.ͳͷͨأ׵Ҳ.ͳŲʡϳˣӡˣ
ϻʵ۱ѾֹסĿٴξɺͷʹְţý.ͳ
ԤеãЩӶƫרŵţôúõĻ᲻ˣǻڹﲻģζʲôǾǹ˰ŶˣôϢģǹͷвӦ
ȻȽ.ͳʧǰ˵꣬ϣڹӦûκ˵ĻɣôͻȻʧˣϻʵҲûסٴһѪӡӡ⻹ûôأȻˣﾹȻӦ˭϶ܵģǲ϶ɱʵҲ練ƣ϶ڹŪôԼ˼ֱ̫ˣ
ϻʵƴһý.ͳȥӵȫͨʹŲԼرء
ʱǱģŹ󣬡ϣʶ϶ģô³檾ˣĸôˣôôһӡأϣû㣬Ҳˡ˵ţҪȥײͷָϽסˣϻʵۣϣԴӱÿչŻʺ̼δټӰĲ֪ϣ
ϻʵ滨޵̫ңϻʵۻδʧģϻǵϣҧ֡֡ʲô֣ޡޡû˵꣬˹ȥ
Ϊûȷǣҵʱû֤˵Ҳˣϻʵۻǰÿסδ˵ģôϻʵ߲δܵκγͷ.ͳҲ˲ˣڹֿʼŲ鵽˭˶ӣҪϵڹ﹬Ѳӵ䡣
ˣǱҲüֿʼţⶼΣҳһš
ɶӾôˣ˳Ųκ˳Ҳûץƽڵ˳Ϧ죬ϻʵۻѹʺϻʵۣҲ첻ˣֱӾͼ죬ôӻŮڹʡ˽
˵ܴ죬ɵǽһԲʺðһΪ˼ϻʵ۵壬Ըɴϻʵ۵ĵڣʺԴϻʵ۴װһž٣Ϊеϲϻʵ۾ԼԵҲûôͷǲ
ʺǰվһԵϽһߣϻʵվˣϻʵƫͷۺ۵ʺֱʺޡЩ㰡
û뵽˲Ұģʺߡ
ʺȦˣϲòУ϶ׯ磬ֻúõġ
ϻʵҲʱϣʺģ֮⣬뵽ӣϻʵһȥ룬ȥ
߳޵ͿһԿ޺۵һӣͿۣ滨꣬һɫյһ飬뵽⼸ľļ̌ͷҲûҹôС޺ɤӻϡ
ϻʵۻӣɴ˿ģϢû鵽Уģ̧̧֣ϲǰλãۿŽϻʵۣһٱſģֱĸоϻʵõİο
ʺһȻׯЦţǵЦȴˣסͿܵãˣҵﶨȫֻߵ·
ϻʵ۴λԼһӵ˴ӹԼǵöѾϻʵϻʵһȦˣλţλϣʺһ࣬˻·һЩλãϻʵ岻ʣʺλõʱֱϻʵһϻʵȡ
ϻʵҲ֪Լ״ҲûϦôʼˡ
ϯʺǽžϻʵۺãϻʵۼвˣϻʵ̬ӵģôλεεĹϵõ㣬ԼԲʣȴǳ˲٣ֻеһʱͻ
.ͳ켱ҴҽɫˣʡϲˣнʿˣǧʿƹҪɱʳǣ
ʲôϻʵֱӵڵϣҪȴԼѹ
.ͳõϢҴҸ˹ˣϲصģѾ˹ȥˣӦֿܵס
ֻϧ.ͳ⻰˵꣬ͻȻͷִһɱν.ͳɫˣһҴҽϥأ󡢴˲ˣӴǧ˽֪ðͻȻѾΧסĵ
ʲôڵ˶ɵۣվǸ䣬һ˷ԿȥͿ֪ʱϻʵһذ׺ϻʵ۵Ĳϣһֻקϻʵ۾վλϣӸͷˣոյļǴʺ﷢ġ
ϻʵһȷֵʱѾοҲǰ
ϻôʺӦٴμǰֲң˺Ҳңϻʵ۾Ҫʱϻʵ۾ôˣǻϽΣնܲϲ
Ҳû뵽ῴһĻϻʵɫҲÿɵֵʱԼŵ÷ˣ֪ΪΣֽŸǶã֮ǰأ뵽ոձʺιĳʳûڲ.
һɨ֮ǰСģһȦЦһʺϣʲôʺ᲻֪ѵĺ°ҰѱƵֵزģϧˣҪʧˣǵ׼ҵôѵҾûƲҪ侮ʯ׼ҲôҲЩݺô׾ͱǵóѡ
㵹ǺˣժɾҸڽ£ǰƲǲҲ룬ʮһֱԣǻ᲻֣˵ô˳Ҫлϰ
Цű߳ԳЦͷɨһϻʵıڱ.˵ϣЦѣϰǲǺܺ泼ΪҪл㣿⵱ȻҪлˣǻѰ׼Ҽţ׼յһôᱻ֪ǲ֪ȻΪгһգ㱣ס󳣹ԽһݻʹܵͼĹİ׼ңгһһ£ɰ׼ҴðսҪס
ֻϧĶΣҵĲԣð׼ҹ߸ģµݺǻôô׾پͳɹˣ˰׼ţϧΪ˰׽ϧˡ
лһЩǲ֪Ͼ׼ôļҵ־Ȼʣͷ϶ЩܣǰҾ滻˼ˣ˽ѹ.ڰյĵطĥƹǼ׼˿İô˵ǰǵ޶ôģôûϣôȫʬôʬҰͺӥɣΪҵľֶʲôʱڻ˴ź˵ܵͼ¡
Ի㿴ʮҲûţô˽ʶʹ˴ܵˣⲻˣ㻹ڵ˾㣿Զˮɽⲻ˽𰡣˵ǲǣ
ϸЦ˶ҲҶѹû뵽ҾȻֱӷˡ
ʺһ԰ʱΪϴף㲻ҪĻڮңǲûв롭
ֻ仰ѹû˵꣬Ȼ϶Ю֣ҪôҪôܿܣֱ̧䣬ûԶʺѸٰʱʺѪϻʵһͷһһֵ̿ۻڲ.ôлֻܺţ
ɱû¶һ°ذ׺ϻʵ۵Ĳϣű͵͵˴ӺͻĽ.ͳ죬ҪǻɣǾŻϸһµлӵ汳ҲԲԣб¾ͿǵĶ컹Ǳĵ죿
˶ҶˣôֱվһʺѪȴû˸ǰ
ϻʵɵˡ
ʱΪû뵽ô˽ĵⱾûܿͱӴǧ˽ͻΧֱɱ˽
һɨ֮ǰǰܣ緢һףŴƵˣԼĸЦҲнհʣʶ˵ʹˣλ˰
̫⣬˵߶׵ϻʵۺϣû˷ڶӴҵһ˲Ĺ򣬴һˡ


129 
Ӵҡھô̤˽, ڶӽ֮󣬽.ͳǱӴ˸סˣҲ־ܣɻϵ, ǻһֱӰѻϸ˺, ǿɾǧˡ
Ŵ, ôֱߵλϣӸ»ǣǲЦ𣿼, ;ôЩƽʱ˭õôţҪԱ׳ƳŶҲ, ٵһ, ɾҪԳˣ, ޲ӣ
ӡӡȿȿȡϻʵڷӦ, ŭؿڼϱ̫ƴ, ӾȻ˿ûôλá
ʰ, ӹǱͲ̫, עŵĺãǧ˵껰һתϾҪҲȰλگд, ȻλѾˣҲ˿ǻҵЦԲԣǹԹд˰ɣ򣬸ʣĸһֶСɾû˰
㡢㡭ϻʵڼģûס³һѪѪǰ̨ϣ·ͷûҿλӻ﹬ŵɫҰס
ϣѪ˰鰡ɵһɱ˰ҪȻݱˣⲻԲ˳˶ԲԣӹЦϻʵָȴѾ˵ҲûٸϻֱӴӻͳ׼õıʣߵһǫ́ʼĥīȲˣѱϻʵ۵
ϻʵ۾ҪӣЦŰ彣ֱһֱϸһ£ʱѪ۵ϻʵʹ
ЦɺøԼôĸʱͷ˵仰ʲôʵ⸸ʵÿɲаϾôĹİ׼˵˾ˣǻмļָ֮飿ɶҵģϾ߱رɣǻʵۣ㻹浱ԼǸ˭Ըǲǣ
ϻʵ۶촽òУΪϵʹҲβˣӵĻԿͷΪεĴʱͷƵģһ仰˵Ҫ˵ĹؿڴĴ
㣬д޻Ҫȥһ鷿ϣҪȻ϶ʷģʶɱҩأ϶ʹҲβ˵գ֪ʲôĩֱӵֱӸϻʵ۵˿ϣʱ۵ϻʵ˻ʹ࣬Ȼ۵£ŵͷ˸ӲҶ
֪ʱӦóͷ˵䣬̫ˣ϶ˣˣʶˣķңʱҪ˵ʲôλˣֻţ̫ˡ
϶ÿ£϶ɱǡ
̫ˣϻʵۻѪģѪˮ亹ģǱɺһ̾Ҫɸӵ϶ٰذϵޡޡԲ𡭡㡭㡭ޡ
Цһֻ͵װôһЦմŵѪǶﻹаյ˳ЦŴǰϻʵ۸ɿݵƤϰôûأҪΪȨƣ˭Ը̷϶Ҳƣǻʵ֮ʲôֵ˵ǵģҺãϰҪĶҺãôôϲǸһķֳô࣬ǸģЩŮˣĸĵģʥ裬õҪĶˡŶҲԣһϾҲֻǸŮ˵Ϊϲ㣬ֻϧõʲôõ׼ţֳͷð׼ҵúһȻҪǻұƵز檻һ˭㾹ȻֿʼǸãһ¼Ĺģ浱ԼǸ
ϻʵӲҰף˿ֺֻޣ¼ˣĻλ˭Ҳ˭Ҳܡ
ĺ£ޱǰϵĶɨڵϣλگȥϣ㣬򣬳Ҳ֪ʲôԲԣ
ϻʵ۶ֻ.ţΪ˻ȥдˡ
Ͷϻʵ۵ıʼǩ˷ܲѣѸѺȥ
Ĺ˶Ҷﱾ鷿ܽܿ˹ϻʵۿŵݵӽߴţֻܲ.ͷ̧Ҫ䡣
ʤѾߣλϵӵˣôӸվŶ·յصϻʵȥһʱ侹ܵŴ˶ǵ˽ˣûκθϻʵ۷Ļᡣ
ֻǾͶµ˲䣬֪ӺδէȻӽ˶ûӦʱֱӴվﴹۿϻʵ۵ͶӵĲֱӴ̴˵ĲѪ˲䱻ں䣬ѪӿǴ̫ţѹûӦһ˲̫ˣϻʵ۲ϵذѹòס
˶ûӦ׷׿ķ򣬾ͿſںܽϷķϣ˿վһˣޱվִûκγɣ˳ȥ
ȻٴιᴩͶӵĲ
һڶӴ˽ӦɻûǶ۵һžͱ߿ˣ⾹ǲ֪ʱϢһصʬ壬վſڵģȴǴŽʿˮ
ֱͦͦˤȥպˤϣۣȴ˵ͬΪ˵ôܡɽȥ˳ıĽʿֿôüϻ
Щ˿̶ȲǻȰ㾹Ǵӣ˶ɵۣಡӣôôߵĵط㣬´ϼһ̨ϻûĶӺȥ߱߳ϼ
ʮǰݺ׼ҼţﻳߣǽС΢ţȻϷŹǰ֪ҿܻûˣÿһûŹɴɱһǧҲŹһǰȥݸɱϿңǧ򲻸ҲɱǷ˰׼ҵϴô𣬺̴ĸоܰɣ֪𵱳ϴ˶ټûϵˣҲֽģҲЩѪծѪʱˡһǰߣЩһ䶼ֱϡ
˶һĻˣɵſŻûһ˿ζӣϵɱ뺮ŵòԾĴӡ
־壬Ӿǹ﷢˺Ծĺ¡
Ǵ˿̼⬵ĶӺ
˵һӵϣӾôһˡ
Ӵڿͷ˽ɱ֮͹ڵϷϢסˡ
ŶӺûϢϻʵҲɵۣôúõͻȻôˣɲɷϣ
վǰĿĶӺߵĮϻʵϡ
ϻʵ۱ôһһ飬֮ǰ˵ùأֱӾô˹ȥ
һԣ̤˴Щŵ˽ſҽƻϵ
ŶԶԶԣūȥȥ
һȦܵЩһۣҪȥѲ뿪ǰӣֱģô˼ΪΪնݳɱĳΪģ
ҵʱԸоƺекĸ飿
ǰô죿ҪǸãҪǸһᶼû
͸ˣٳҲȰѹ¸ˣҿѼʱǽλҪˡ
Ϊǰ֪ЩʱվƴͷЩıĽʿһ֮󴫹ɶӵĴѾŵ˸סЩʿˮˡ
ϾھԵʵǰǼǧ˻治ֻΪǿڷͻȻһǰ֪Ҳûʲôв
ܿȹΣһӴͣͽ˹ҹʱһʱϵĵϻſףƿһƫ常˵ɱ˶Ӻ֮ͰԼƫΪ֮ǰɲ׺ģʹûҲû˸Ҵ
ȥ֮󣬰һأֱӳŻ谵ƫһӰȥ˽ǰֱһȥֱӸ˵ˣôûСأˡ
ƺܿع񣬵ʶߵ˭Ϊ˻ȥ
һߣȷʵۻһɾ˻ʵ޵˵ȥӴŵƫˣ뵽֮ǰǺݾԼﻹһѾ˵ˣԼɵӳԿϽҴҹȥˣ˵طΪͷжһǴ˰ɣ
ϽһŰŸ߿Ϊ߼ãͿԶһеѷˡ
ɵתÿ죬ԴûѾವһ°ֹˣšۻ˰ɣ;׿ۣôƼȻѹף


130 
ֻǵٶһ, ŻǸţҲ˵Ǻܴ̼ˣǿģ
ŵһְŸ߿ˣӰ, ɱɵ°ӿɲΪӣĺ, ֮ǰ־Բùİ
ֻǵȴ, Ӻֱмλãٴδ򿪣ӳ¶һЦ, 常, ˣ
ȻͻȻ΢, δˣǿͷϸĻ, ַܷһ̲ס, Ȼǽˡ
գһۣѵˣ
Ҳ, ҪѹˣҲһʬ, ȥܾ, Ȼͣɲľۻˣ˵ܴ̼̫Ĵ
Ŷǡ˵գĬĬְŸˡ
ɲҼһ𣬸ոձһ, û뵽ƽʱôСһڹ۱˿Ͳˣ͵͵ս㣬ҿûһȥˣȥ常ͷ㡣οǴҶ˯ˣϾ£Ӻˣһû㶨⻹㣬һӵš
᲻һţҲýðգԣӦˡ
һڣû¶һ˳ȥ׷ϻһµ常ôˣˣ
ŶûУ㡭ôˣЩ㱣ոյĻǴǴػģ
Ҿǹ˵Ӳ̫þ͹ƣ常ô𣿡̫̹ȻҲû룬Լûۻ軨̶ֳȣҲ룬ͨˣҲû취ʱҲõĿǰ֮
ֻǼ֮ǰ˽һۣû¶Щʱû˯ãǡеۻͰɣײ
ӣ常ʣֻܼװɵ
ͽĵѾ˺ܶҽԼдӺĻӵˡ
ӻ˸ʱǹΪϻʵ̫ãѾȥ˸ˣҽǱľսģ˵ˣ¡֮ǰˡ
ϻʵ֮ǰ屾ͲãŻһֱӴôôѪֵܼѾ漣ˡ
ӽѣȻҲոҽĻˣϻʵۻûɿĿǰǻĿԸ󣬿ģٶһʱͺˣϧ϶ôʱˣ
ȣӣ֮ǰԭŵʱǻ󹬵˵£񸸻ڵϦܱ֤仰˵˵ڹ˵ʶҲֲ˺á
ɾô̳лλģ̫ˡ
ߵǰŻŵϻʵۣȷϻʵۺʱѣƬٹٶǵʱϻʵˣҪ˵˭̳лλҪٹۼ֤
ô£ٹʹҴҸ˹ʱͺڹſڣ֮ǰΪǽҲУĻǺܿ챻һĴ
Ƚ֮ǰͿվڵſڣޱ鿴ǣٹٵͷηѣ˵ҪԼӣѾóѡѾˣȻǻ˵öԣİ
ֻû뵽ƽʱɽ¶ˮӾȻôܳסΪ˱׼ҵĳôһֱ̲ıӣǸ߿١
Щͷݺ׼нӴͱĳûվӵģ˵óѣЩҲֲ˺ãһӵǻȾͻЩ˿
ƬҲûǣܾϱӴˣҽѾƹǡ˽ǰи׼
˲첻ѣţ⡭
һۣȥ֮˭ҲԣȻǻһ¹պɽ𢣬ԼҪ˷ִ硣
Ӧǣϳ£ƿ˻ʳıȨ˭ҵӵԼʵۣЩҲֻϵ
ˣһϢ˴ͷһ硣
ϻʵʱѾһʱ°ҹһ;ñƲѣǴˮѪ̳ģعһԼ˺ܶ£ɼʹˣҲϡΨ׼£ˣˡ
ϻʵǰѾ迴У.֣֪Լʱ޶ˣֵ̽ţһ˲䣬ҽûҾ
˳磬ʱһ۾Ƽ·һصˡ
ϻʵܷһϡ尡
Ʋ֪ʱѾˣֻվſڲûʼնûԭ¹ˡ
һ˶һҲ׼׼ԩģڹۻϱȻھΣӿɾ͡
˵Ŀ£һߵǰ
ۣ齱ϣĬƬסϻʵĴץ֣ûκʡ
ϻʵϤۻ軨ȴΨ߬߬ýģʡǲǡˣ
˶û˵Ҳû
Ĭ൱Ĭϡ
ϻʵ־ҿϽǰţϸЩҪ
ϻʵƽ飬ȴקƵֲɿһֻһߺţʱͶˣϽ֮ǰӶϻʵֻ
ϻʵŬ̧žҪڹۣͻȻֻһ޺ʣôˣģʹ˵ţϥǰǰסϻʵ۵䡣
˶ӵɧˣǣʵĴأҪ
ڹѾ˵֮ǰҪģɴȥˣһӸˣʱ򵽵˭ģ
Ҳû뵽ӻͻȻɵۡ
ֻ֪ôһᣬ϶˵˻ˣֻҪڸʱ߹ͬõͻлء
ϻʵ۴û뵽Լʱܹק֣ѹûƿֻǵ˻ǵۣʹջ˵ֻܾôš
˶ɵۣȴҲҶ֣ϾһǻӣһӣһϻʵһֲȰͷǿɲʱδľ
ǲңȴҡ
ִĽڹۣͻȻͿһӰವһ´˳ȥѸײڶ֮ƣֱ̧ųŴӵֱһţֱӰѴӸߵǰһˣԹ齵ıԵϡ
۵Ҳ̲סһ
ߵ̫ͻأһ˿ûأԹֱײ˵ģûקϻʵ۵ֹͷһͣ˿ģͿϻʵ͵̧֣ôӵȻͷһᣬô
ȴڴ̧֣һжѾ䶨
ӣ
ûϢϻʵۣͨڵϣϡݱˣ
ҲϽؿ޺֮ȴ֪˭˸ͷʼµۿͷδƿɱȨµۣϻʵȴҲѾǹȥʽˡ
ڳغ꣬ٲģҲֻҧòС
վӸ¿˴һۣ˵ڹ۸ʼݱ޲ἰ£Ҳ븸֮ǰȴ˺ŪȻ²ֵǽɼȻˣĻΪպ𢰲ȲٳһӣǾֻܴˡˣ˽
һֵĻͷͿһŮӴӵϺؾ˽ǰ̧ͷʱ¶һżΪϤ
Ŵӵһŵĺ㡱ͬʱⲻ֮ǰһϱݺ۸˵ĲײǽˣԶ
ô
һ̾εĻϿڵ˵˵
ֿһͷǳ˵ɡǣڣ˵ֻһ±ݣҪֹ׼õѹŹ
Ҳûף¾ȻǴһֲ߻ΪݺٸӸϲõôȻΪݺԼֵܲϧԼԼñӣɵԭȻǼǰűרΪһʱ˶ɵۣϸ룬Щ֮󣬴Ӳűϻʵġ
Լһ䣺ϹϹǾȻľôӻʼĻẩʵôλļƶˡ
һոմͻȻôһҲˣǺͻȻˣǴʼգӾͲɵǵɵء
ӷŭͺ𣬡˵ѣͨˣһģ
俴˵õģҰ㣬㻹ɡɽأˣͬʱҲɱ׷ɱң˾һʱ¾ʣһѰ׹ˣȻ㲻Ȼ˳ŵҲͲҪҽϵס˵ţӻͳһЩڣ£ЩЩ갵£ĳ
ȻЩҵģ˽ҵֱӽҷһЩȻܴ˴ӣ׺ڹ۽ҷֲס
ƲδӹùһŻĿһ׮׮һĳЩĳֱ֮ȹȰ»ʴס
һ׹µ۸ǵҲǱĵʱ򣬸Ͻϳʹӡ
ơ˳ƶΪɲôһߣݺʵǰȵں󣬰ˣ£ҲТʲ壬ӽݶţΪɱδ카кẮ֮ضʮ꣬ûؾ
һֱͣܿӱѺ˳ȥ˿ûĻᡣ
ֱͻͻŴûӰӣͻȻԤУµֶβصϻʵ٣ֻУη岻ѣȴֹأ±꼰㡣
ڶʥּԼ֤ݺܿ͵ˣȻóģǹҵݺ׼Ʋ֤ݣЩһЩ£һ׮׮һΪֱӱѺˣǸ̷䣬ûеģδͷΪˣǣûؾڲ볯Ϊ٣ӸǲУĸɱһʹʧ˫ףһأͬĻһأٻù龩
˻ȻµûֱɱôλѾʴˣϾӻߴӵ˻ʵۣһǾҪɱӡ
ʥּҲܿΪ׼ƽˣ׼һʣһڱ߹Ϊʿٻ龩Ϊ󽫾ѵ׼ҵĸۡԼϮ黹
˽ܵĴ̼̫ھþûع񣬿ɻͷһ룬ӱûˣôӵǵ׷ɱôôһ书ܰȻڶȻûλ
ǲλ׼Ҳû
ǣͷһ죬󳣹һλʵۣպµ۵ǻĹΪ녳


131 
Ƶǻ콹һϻλ, ֱ꣬ʶĳɹˣɹС͵˻λ, ׼ҵƽԺҲû˸˺˺ˡ
Ǹ˵, ֻŤͷ常˼Ŀ, Ī鲻ףȣ常, ôˣ
⼸Ϊæµ۵ǻԼҳǣڵĳĸ, æĽŲմ, ҲСӣոСµ۵ģһ, ϾӶµһʹ龩, ɸոµʱ, ٹ¿ʱȴǿСӡ
뵽Ϧ龰, Ѿ˵, СӲ֪ʱ͸µʲôһأ
յ˵û˵ʲô͹ˣ֪ʱʻʱ, ٺúáƹ⹦Ͻˣ⼸ûôСأò׵ǻһ棬ⲻͶ࿴ۣû뵽常ˡ
Ȼңңһ۲ȴҲû취˭Сس˻ʵۣȻӣȴ޹ְҲûɣ⼸ǻסԼСĳҲףһ˵ֿþˡ
֮ǰϻʵزѾֿöʱգ⼸죬Ҳ֪ʱǸͷ
һעԼӾˣͷȴҲû취ֻǵ͵飬ɫǡѡ
æףȻճ£ɻϸյǻ󹬻ţȻʱѡ̫ףΪ˽ɽҲû˸˵ʲôأҲӲͷƤģһʼǲɵס»ǰջʱôλÿոȥǻͨûУǰѸĵŮȥܵ
Ժָһ˵õȮ졣
뵽ӶԻϵ˼ʱȻ飬ɻϿǻʵۣܲȢһеİɣôܣº꣬ԣٶģҲûȢеİɣⲻҪ˻ʼô
ηȨƣϾ녳ıȨɶͷֱ˵ȨµۻҲΪ
ĬֻɫȻÿ뵽ǳСӣûиǳСôҲͰˣɼȻģЩһʲôҲĿһµۣµֻǸǳС棬Ҳ˼ӾֻһӣҲܸһȺŮˡ
ǣڼľսʱڿ˿ڣȻô˵ˣûղײգǾȥ鷿ʻϵ˼
ԭΪҪһȰοļô׵
ƴ۸յ鷿ȥ·ȥҽͷ˵żˡ
δû˿˽
ȼüºͣࣿ
һۣԽԽˣúõôͿϻأֲòϣµǳã˹֣ͷһŤϳ࣬⼸λ档
Ƿᣬ˵õһأѾ̤һֻӲͷƤڣϣģ΢ѯһ£ȵ֮ǲǸÿѡ֮ˣϾλ̫Ҳףϸշô£²˳ܴ飬Ǵϲһ׮
ѡϳ˿ڣȴüŲѣȴΪβˬˣ⼸Ȼû˵£͵ʱܷʱʱȻǿЩߣֻû˵ڣδż˹γû̽˼
Ҳ̽ȻѾˣһҪһġ
ֻôһȴ˵ͷڣЩǵһͬ⣬ԽԣҪȢҪЩȢ
ǣƳ̾һһ⣬ǲͬ⣿
ϰúÿһ£ϾǴ¡
һ̾λĺ޺γǣмʵ֮ǰ޾˵ֻ⼸æŵǻµûü˵ʵѡˣĻʵҲֻǺǱԵĹˡ
һϣʲô˼ʲôбĹզˣѵʵǶ䣿
ü̾ϢλҲˣҲˣϾҲ̫áԼ֪޵ĴںɱǻɵˣɴɱһǧҲŹһʱҲˡ
ãȻף⡭Һúݵġȷ֪ϲкιϵ
ƼڣȻҲµʱ˻޲ӹһ٣ʱΣɱ֣ʱһߣ໤ӹһ٣˶ɥˣȻӹˣȴҲˣʱ˵ǷȣʵΪ˵ĺ֢ʵʱ˵صģһλá
ˣĶ
ĿһۣããȻģʡôǣƵŻŵġ
˵ôޣ뵽֮ǰ˵ԵĹȻֲǶԭǡѵ˵λá
һΪ
ǽһۣСڣҽƹôġû취ˣ
ƼĿǣ񿴵üӣûϡең䰡˶֪˵̲ˣܱɣ
˳ɵۣԲۡôôʱ˵⡢Ҳ
ɶµĿ￩һ£ϽأϷģ΢й¶䣡
¶һЦ޶ҲǴ£ֻûöѣĳλѷ˼ҸڣҲͲû˹ԾⱲӺúΪЩ£һĹ¼ҹˣⱲӺ󹬶ˣںλҲŰɣ˭ã˺
ĸ˵ģϽӦͣҰ̫ɺޡעô
ľսС˵һǳüչ뿪ģǰ˼ƣ߳޹¶һº͵ЦЦ޺ȴ˸¡
ȥ˸ϽΧѹ⡢զأûãԺǻλҪˣ
һۣȴͻȻ¶һЦݣüϵĽһ󼹱Ī˵ҲûʲôûãԺӻѡһлʼѪĲˣ˵ţֳЦЦˡ
緢ıӰ￩һ£һۣ˵˻λע˰ɣ
϶ˣͷ󳣹ıȨ
찡ô͵Ϣ˵˳أⲻᡭջʵ۸Ҫɣ
˾ôͷСˣһ߽֪常Լɴ֪常ֱȥȵϹܼҸ˲ˮüչߺȱߵţŵҪô常СصĹϵ
ĺܿ죬ֻǱֵֹġ
Ҳûֱ˽ϽվλϣԸ˲ˮһСһԣЩ˴Ҫҳģ
常һֱֻӲͷƤڡ
տڣһۣոռűȥ鷿һ˻ϣûӯ󹬣»ô˵ģ
ˣͷͺȲ裬Сزֱ˵˰ɣ
Ŀڣ˵걻׷ɱԺ̫ɣΪ˲ĹԺ¶ˡ
ۣһûסĲˮǺ˳Ͻһԣڻĸӡ
Ͻ˲½һ֪ǺĻôǵúͨСأʲô˵
ƽ̾Ϣһʵ常ϡô£
룬ֻӲͷƤ˵ˣʵеǸľңֻǵʱΪˣΪˣҲšŽġ뵽Լʵʱ常ˣ常Բ𡭡ʱƭ㡣
ʵһֱûϾôҵҵôཫʿͶˣҲû⣬˵ʲôԲģôཫʿģֲǼٵģ˭˵Ŀе㲻常ǲĵģ
Ͻ̧ͷȻģ常ҼӢѪĽʿˡ
˵ôԼ˵ôˣ֪ˣΪ̶ֳȣ常Ҳˡʱȥ鷿Ǵ̽˼û뵽µֱ·ûԼֱӶպõ·ȻСӶµôģµַǳСӲȢļƣ常ģһҲ޿ɺǡ
常˰ɣ
һۣӣ⼸췣㲻µۣʵʵڸһϷ򣬵Ⱥʱ˵µǱӦŵȥ˵
죬ܷԵı飬ҲӦˣǼ첻ô֮ǰҲЩʱû
ǣóŶƵõϢһż̬ȣ鼫ãĦ.ż㣬ԤУҪˡ
ȻǱȵ۸ڶ죬ͻȻһϢ˵иռԣµӣΪ̫࣬Ҳ޹ǣλµۡ
⻰һԼǶˣ÷зԽԽа
ڳԵʱ򣬼֪ϳȴʲôˣĶ˲е˼⻰˵ģµӣǣ˭֪һİʲô̫࣬޹ǣµۣᵽϣȻǳ̫࣬ʲô˼µӣҪհһǲǾҪˣ
ȻżҲй¶֣Ͼµյǻȣһһֱӷ˿ô죿
ǵһûգһϢأòᣬžҪˡ
ˣǰЩʱջôཫʿɱʹأͲˣ
ҪޣˣͿʼˣ
һ߽ȴųô常ˣ첻ˣզ֪常ȭأ
ϽȥǰԺȥյԺͿԺʯϣżˣߺСƳӣָ÷׮ϵ䣬һСּһ⣬һӾ;ƣԽԽС
常˭˵ĲҪأ


132 
常Ҫ, ɴ˹ȥͷ۲ѣ常úõôأ˭˵ʲôˣѾ常Լ, ҲõСػıȨ̫常ֳϢ벻ͨ
û˵ʵ, ϾЩϷ, ʱദҲİСӵ׶ǵƾһ֮ôཫʿ, ʱǳ̼ʹܴӮȴҲ, ο, ԱȨǸ棬Է˿ûκͷ
⺢Ӳ, ȴȡ
ͲС, Ҳ߲̫Զ, ֮ǰµûǼϳǰ̬ȣҲ뵽һ, ȻµСʵȢ, ҲԸȫӡ
ɳȫһ£Ҳø׼һ·Ͼµյǻأպᶯ˼, ԣһЩµⱲӶþӣԺ˶˱˼ֻĳŵûκ·
ȻҲ˽ģⱲֻȾһӣˣϹûӵĿڸʹȨ죬һʮûˣҪ˿еĹͷʣҲˣܻǵģҲֻӡ
֮ͨŽЦЦһģûɶ£еıȨ常ⲻб˼常һֱȨȥãҲıһְٰģʡԺ㱻˿ˡ
常㲻ˣҲỳġȻСصΪˣЩȨûЩʵһ˲˲ɡ
Сزϻʵֵۣ˭Ķö˼
ȴʮͷţ常˵ģȥһֲȫĺˣ常еף常常ȥһ˽ǵ֮常Ͳ㣬˸ְλҲϲǣȻ˵ģϲϷͷЩǸϲҲû𡣡
Ҳ̲סе⶯ֻһûʵȨӣ˵Сؿ϶취ְλʱɵȷԲ˳ȥһҲܰģֻǣ常ֱӽȥˣװ
벻ͨҲѹûǴ룬ϾôҲû뵽常һ־ô
ʵʵڸ˼գͷΪصϢ÷зģȴǷֳɣһǰеС˼Ĳصģⲻ϶˺üҽȥ⻹ģȻⲡص⣬Ѹֳ˵Ĳˣɻϱ͸ȣǳ£ͷıȨܲܽһСɣ
һѹû룬ϾٺҲ׶ûѪԵϵġ
һɣǼΪ֪һЩʵģǾáȻǲ⣬вȻһЩ£רŴӣѵǵϴ֮λԼﵱ˵СǶӵĹѪȻˣȻĲǻʼѪʵ
һɴض㣬ĻֲõôϣǱŴо͵ʱأƫƫôôɵȻ˵ô㣬ûãǻҪİѱˣɺޡ̾ȴ޿κΡ
ңµĳһѻవȨ˲ѵĳڻûŮɼأվֱЩˣεҡͷ̾Ϣǻϵܣǲ˵
ЩôʱʱţҲëëģզˣ
û뵽ʲô˵Ѿ첻ˣҪ׼ˣö⻹ûʮأôûأ
ʮһ糯ʱڳ£Ҫ³ʱͷͻȻһ棬˵ӽˣ̧Ѿ첻еҪʥϡ
ڳǣڹۻҶ¡
Ļ붼롣
ڳ˵վž͵ͷ̧ͷȥ׵Ļϣֻ
һ𣬲ʱͼС̧̫һܣðײʱʱͿһһһ̾Ҫģŵڳľսģһûȥˡ
վһԸţ˴УС̫ѵܷ£ȥ
ڳ۹۱ǹ۱ǣ벻ͨڹڸúôúõܵǵˣ
Լòأ˵
һЩĪһ£Ǽ⼸ʱʱԹһɵӵĿ⣬ѵͷǲ֪飿
Ƶڽڽǵϵһ̲̾סҲûƿЩʱΪ˳Ըֻûȥڼˣǹ˼ҲѹƲס
վ;ͷһϣû̧ͷҲ֪˭Щȣȴûֳ常ģ常úóסӡ
źջϣ֪޿Ҫࣿ
ǵͿȼǿҪϽȥϥųס
곤̾һϰϳȷҪ棬ϳⲡѲ̫ãʱ޶ˡԣϳ֮ǰͷЩȨúôһ
ڳһûҿڡ
֪ʵѾԲһϷĳɫȴѾ΢΢ˣˣ
ŶĿǰβҪЩ£ʱҪڣȻ
ȴҡҡͷֿһϰϳʱȻţͷ˵ӣ¿ģ
Ǿ֪ڴõ⣡
ڳҲһ£ԲۣȻҵŻϵֱǲǾˣܻش㣿ĸϸһشԼλòǲǣ
ɵ۵£һʣһĸһش
ͷϵȻûʲô˵֪֪ģ޵ȷӣǰҲ
ɵۣ֪֪˵ʲô
ֹʱѾˣֻܿ԰׵¶һЦʵˣϰϳεĿҲֱ˵ˣϳӣҲûģƿõıȨϳûˣȨҲҪ䣬ϳţͰѱȨһΪһ뽻ϣһ뽻ϳӡ
ڳǸոʲôѵˣȻҪһȨϣһȻӣˣ
Ҳһ㶣ⲻ԰常˵һֱȨְλ
ڹҲǫֻ̀ӲͷƤ
ûбĶȻϳһȨиСС
ڳȻģȻû׳Եš
ƲûֹסǣŶ֪ʲôСС
һ˵˳ϳҲ󣬾ϳǰ֪Լʱ޶࣬һԣ˵иԵպܳΪʼˣôɣҲ˵ӡϳ¾ΥˣȻպûãϳպãϳӹ̸ȵۣϸɴΪ̫ӣϾϳӿĻʼˡ
βڳɵۣҲסˣǣ常˵õĸְλأ˼û˵ְλ̫ӰСʲô
ڳһ£ֻһͷˣˣǲǲˣ
ֻм֪ϳزûסʳû뵽û뵽Ƕ˶ӴӣӭµۣȴûҰİñȨƻΪ̫ӣʵ·
ӲȨȨӶӺʱ֪ˣûΪ̫ӣڹǶӵѪҵԼôСŲסŵλ֮Ӱ̫֮λøʱһãû뵽û뵽㾹ȻŮɾ޻
ʱ򲻽Ǽϳ֮ǰԵĳҲعζӵ̫ӣϻôõ£ǿԼӣڸ·ô죿϶˵ԼӣƫƫŪʲôպܳΪʼˣô죿
Ҫ˺һôȨֱӷˡⲻô
ڳ໵ģ׵ڳĬ֮ȴǻڣһζĻŶ˵ֻҪ޴ӦһȨޣһȨӣ
˻Ȳѣ˺ߣȻ
ڳ㲻˰ɣɲܿͷṇ̀Ҳʼ˰
ȴֻµۼʵáո˵һԣиԵעպҪΪʼˣ޾ãһҪΪ̫ӣﻹһ취ӳΪʼˡ
ڳϻбİ취
̲ס̧ۣŮɾ޻µۣŶ˵ǣ
ҲòУֻϿ˿ڣȻǻʼˣ޵ǾֱӳΪ޵Ļʺ˹дڻУҲǻʼˡ
ڳһ£ɶʺӿеİ
ȷӦǼ󳼣֪ϵģעûãڱƻϣʼˣɲ̫ӣΪкҲǻʼ˰һȨ϶Ҫˣһ룬˱Ȩ˻ʺǻʺǻϵˣһҲǻϵģ
ֻҪȢӾ͵ͬõеıȨ찡Ͼǻϡ
һۣع񷴶ԣϽȲأֱ֮꣬ӳŽһݣȾôãȿүк󣬰ԣΪʼˣ
ĳһ£˰ɣô˰ɣɵȶϼüŪۣ˺üڻعʶʲôȻ֮ͨˢˢŽȿүк󣬱ϾΥԵְ

Ե֣
Ƚл㱽˷ʥּܿڳһ˴ϲ޲޽Һþͷģ⵽˭ˣ


133 
ȥ;о, Ϸݵף̵ֻصԺֻ常˵ʱε常˵õֻıһְٰôбȨóȥˣһ·侲Ҳˣ常ڰС, ֻǵкǲģϾҲСһ, ˵ף
常ȫıȨ, ȴ롣
常һĶôߣ
Ѿﻹڽǵϵİ㲡̬, ʮ߹ļ, ȴǴ, ֮ǰϼҾȵ۵ʱɻǵ常˵ʲô
ȻǼǵõ, ϼҾЩ궼ֻ常, ʹȥ, Ҳ޷ֻһϼҾȻֻ常ġΪϻʵŷ, ǽһֱȨ, ܹɹ룬һȫ
ȴˬЦˣȻûˣСӻǲЩ, ȻЩʿ常ģ㻹ʲô常ȻôȻ常ĵ常µ۵һ룬аһϼҾ˵һ룬ʵֳķȥҲֻķ֮һķ֮ϼҾȻֻ常ڸһ룬һȨ常ֻһ䣬ᱳ常𣿻Щ𣿡
ûκγҡͷᣬЩⱲʵĺ٣ֻϣ˺úðȹһӡֻô򵥡
ϣֺγЩȫ˳ȥϼҾȻ常ͷһ벻صģҲ常պгһµ˱˼㣬ȱ常˵ʲôʱ⡣常Щʹ˵㣬ͷһıȨ常Ҳȣο常ˣҲ常˽㻤סȾСģȻǻʼѪȴҲǶӵŹ£ʹˣɶǵһζĲˡ
常ѱȨ͸ס常ģ԰ͻᣬ常㣬ҲܻסǣЩȨλòȣЩ˲ŲҴ⡣
㶮常˼ֻˣǸλãպ常֮ǼŻᰲȻ常ҲܺЦȪ
ۿЩʪ常һܾõģ˵ֻûЩҲỤסġ
ĺ󱳣úúã常㻹ɣ˵常㽻ȥֻҪϼҾ常ģ常ͻǵʲõҲֻܾη常
鷿˵˺ܶ࣬պȾСĺ·ŵһ֮ķ䣬Щ˼Ϊհڴ֮սȨǻȲ޲õڶ;УȻǷҲҪ׼ҲҪº
̸֮һͷĴ£˿̱գˣʵҲҪȨҲǰӦкӹܣȾ̵ӣǰҲûġ
ˣ常ҲԷˣˣ常Ҳˣĸۡɣ常˵ôõĻλ͵Ȳˡźӣһ˵ģµƽʱǰֵһʲôģȴ֮󣬻Ҫһ常û뵽û뵽гһգܸʵ۵˹
һ죬ͿһΣ常
գָˣȥȥɣϷҲȥԺƣȾָ֪ôأúõҪ˵к󣬰°
٩ֱصϵⶼûȥȵ˺ԺȻһ̤ȥԸоڣװ֪ģߺ常һϻ˰Сء
ŽȥŹϣƹ磬Ͷһ˫ĿķֱۣһηֱѾЩʱû˲ǰڽǵңңһۣѹֲסͷ˼ֻ뵽һˣȻô£߹ȥϰһⲻǻôأô黹ܵ΢ˣ
ƴӽ߾ûƿģˣȴ̲סЦˣҲϣȻǻʺ飬ȽϺá΢һЩǶŽƣ˼Ҳԣ˵Ĳ顣
һۣ˭ʺ󣿡
̽ŰսЩֱ뵱˭Ļʺ󣿡
һ۵һĨЦ˵ϰѹŶΪ녳֪ʲô˼ʲô˼
סڰϵָһ.棬ϵرʹ죬ΪǸ˼
һ룬ףǰɣⲻӦðѵǸһ֮£
ƼΪףʺ룬޲⡣
˲۾ðž⣬Ⱥ£ֻϲԣ۷Ҫ׿ڳϣҲ˵ڡָµ˵㡣
Ѿͷɡ
ײƽ֮ǰˣһӣ˵ģ
ȴˣġҪȳԵ㶫
Ѿۣɶٳһٶţ۹Цһչȥȳ~ϡ
ֻǵսãȻۣһͲѻع糯ȥĳˣҧгݣ˵죬ƭ˵ĹСأ

ҪʺϢվѾ÷зǶˣôҲû뵽µôģǣȻƽʱͦϲ֣֮ǰӵӵ£ɵһ£Ȣˡ񻹳˻ϣ⣬е˼˰
ѵЩǻţ
ɢ˳͵ڹſڣͿгüɫģ⣬ŷӶһ죬Ǹ˵ôǴ飬ٵðɣһ˵ɶţꣿҪ˵ʹ飬ѽϽ˹ͷҲˣһٷڿô죿
ǾǣҲ룬òӴӦˣһӷڣ찡붼룡
ԶԶԣҪ˵ϽȥȥӵģѡġϽ
ǣϺӶ䰡һԡ;ð

֧Ŷ͵ŵİգǶ䲻ʹˣЩӲˣ
ɾЩǼ˵߶߶ϴ£˾ʵҲӶðǿǾôཫʿģֺãӣ֮ǰ˻ϣ˵λҲĸԸͷģѵ֮ǰȪɽׯûϻӵʱͶӡ
ԽԽãԵְ
˸ȴ˳ոլԺϷ˰ѽһͺ̾һȻҲҪ˵㣬ҲΪռΪ˺ӺãﰡǸúӣĸҲ֪ⲻֻС⺢ӵպµ۷Ĺײˣһ˼ĸ浽϶ߣռҸ⺢Ӹָӻ⺢Ӷֲ˺ð
Ϊ˱ٻϴҵĵմӳ˾ȥһȥô꣬ӻ˶ˣھεľӣҪȢһŮӣ˵úǼᶨΪھΣϵȷȢһݵ͵ĶǺкôҲĸԸͬġ
˵岻ãϱӴظϹǻϲĲУǻռĹһ鷳Ǹм⼸һֱԥҪҪ˵ҧҧǿ˿ڡ
ﴹۣ֪ϷΪ룬ǱģֻǻҲͻˣСƵȴ뻻ȦЩ죬ĸ˼ϱɹ녳СƲ˳һҲͬǼ磬ԡҪˣϱȹЩʱվʹźӻزأϲ֪ġ
ο˵Ҫʺˣ֮ǰǣôƽϵˡ
Ϸ̾Ϣظⳣǹգס
ΨһִֹûڣûټײԼ˼
ϷģǰͷǺӵҲ֪һǵģüģ˰ˣȻǾˣҲ룬ֻռһ겻һ꣬Ҳµʱ򻤲סӣֻǺòһˣǶЩʱգҲûˣȹЩʱվˣ㹫취ѶӴҲܶӡ
млĸϱΪˡ
Ϸ˰ڰ֣ˣȻذɣԺἰӵ䣬ȺСɡ
ӦˣֻǾڽҪȻصʱͷͻȻּҴҽ˷ڣɫ΢䣬Ϸ˲ˣˣ˵ҪҪٷ˽һˣ˵ǻҪٷˡ
Ϸ͵վֻ֮ǰͲ̫ãһ£Ͻָסˣæʵ֪ΪΣô뵽ľǺӵ䡣
Ҳ֪⡢ūҲ̫
Ϸҧȥ·һ
ȴҡͷϷˣ˵ֻٷһ˽
ϵƲϷһ񣬡ĸȻֻϱһ˽ϱȥȥͻأ岻ãЪţµġ
ɡϷЩС΢Ĺˣǲġ
ѵǿӲһϷ˻ش𣬾ȹڴҴҳԺ˹
ֻıȥ鷿;У֣߬ȻûףѵΪӵ䣿ɲһ֣뵽ӣȦ̲סЩ죬ʹǻϣҲһѾûˣ붼ˡ
㱼侹Ѿ鷿⣬ǲ·С̫໹ͷŵ̬ȼΪ鷿ţնٷˣɣϺүѾڵ
һӣ뵽ӣǸһͷ췢ȴÿμ̲סĵӣһ̧̤鷿
û̧ͷ˽ȥȴֻϷһЩȴǸ˺ܾõƺü£էȻڶߣ̣ض񡣡
弸̼佩ڵУ͵̧ͷȶϤΪİǰʱΪԼΣ˲


134 
Լһ, һ⼸˼ҹΣȻʱǺӣһĺӣʹ, ͵Լĺӿ
ǰ֪ͨȥݸ˵ʬʱ, ѹ, ôôãҪȥϿģôһת۵Ĺأ
һ궼ǻл㱵, ǵʱ˺, ǸŲȥ
ʹôѾ, ҹλ뵽.ĳĺĺǻ̲סʪͷ, Щտﲻ˵, Ҳֻװ֪
վǰ, ˻Ϊ̫˼Ļ룬, , ܲҲһ
۽µᣬҲûסۣƺ뵽ʲôܣϣڴֿƵʧ, վûסͷϵĺ췢¶һͷī֮ﶼֻǴļٵģʹ׼̯˵ɻûסһ档
Žͻժµĺ췢һ֮ûȴƫƫ˫۶ţϤһԿƵϣӵûס˽ŹŽô뿪ڻһȴֻˣֻǼٵġ
ֻ֮²ʵʵϣ
ʱһ࣬ӻ֮ȥصϣʹʹغ
Ʋ֪ʱҲ˹һڽһʱûס˳˱ͷʹޣ˿˵ݣΪһΣѣţִӵĺ󱳣ôôģôôİЩǰôͲּ֪ΡôˣǲƽʱյֽǮŰˣ㻻˸ӡ
Ҳ޵òУԲûЦ޳ﴸţɼʹΪҲֻǴ£۵֣ͣ޵ѹȴֻ֣ԼĲϣⲻΣӻأ.ȵģСҲţǶţⲻΡ
ﲻţ̫ʵˣȴŲ･ɵۣͣˣֻһ˫ۺͨͨģеڴӼ侲һЩߴӽڴ۵ϣЩ㡢ġûƭ
ףµɴวл㱵ϣŶͷҲ˹ͬһԣģʱϥԹɵӣҺСûֻʱе⣬Ǳ׷ɱգɴͽǲҪǣŻǣֻǵʱСΪˣ˾֮Ҳ˵Ĳᣬ󱯴ʹֻ֮ѡķʽЩ˲ŹǣҵʱˣֻǱżһ˸ˣ֮ΪҵʱأԴ֮Ϊ֪ҵݣ߾ΣһȾ꣬ȥ˵Щ£ҲΪСˣ롭ȥԡʱǱŸľģֻҴһȥСһ棬뿪ˣԲ𡭡Щˡ
ǽõ˵ǣϾռ任һ̫˼ְֻ취ٸ֪
þöûعʱһμʱģΪԵôصĶ⣬
ʼСصԼûа׼ҡҡңԼʱΪСˣȥ˹⣬պþӣλصǣżȻС֪ţ֮ϻʵҶǶ£ıСγµۣθ׼ƽһһ˵˳
Ϊһ̫࣬һ˵˵һʱ˵Ĺŵǻ֮ڴһʼ𾪵ɵ۵ô侲ãȻˡ
Ҳ̫𾪣ʱ򷴶侲Ƚ˵꣬һʱյĶȫΪһʼԼѵôڵ⹫ӹŵӻзӵȶ˵˳Щƶ֪ϾʱûڣСػûǼңֻĸ֪
ٵ˵Щ£ƹЮȵۺȻʺ𾪵죬һߣɵӾôϷһ
ŽߵȦֺˣʱ⺢ӱյʱ۰´ʹ£ûἰЩֻǡظôһգ۾ͳ˻أȻҲӡ
붼£ֻܾԼʲôĨĨۣ˵ЩĹһ侲ڽûĻصߵ£ӣԽԽڳ׷ֻţܿ԰ҼǵӲҪʺҪ޸ϣӶ԰ɣظǻϰɣǡ
ɿˣ⣬һ£ˣ˵Щ£Ĺϵˣе㲻̫ýͰ
ﱾȻʥּͷб۵ģʱҲŵģӣӦǴ԰ɣͿվԼǰͷһģãȻţž۾ԽԽ󣺣
߳ʹʱ춼ˣڹﲻ̫ףҲôųƲȴ˿ûκѹֱӸˣ˹ſڣ͵õϢٻ͵ڹܾãòУòװ˵ȳɿֻӭȥͿƺ̫࣬ел㱵ģʲô̼
Ҳﻹû⹫ݣ̫õӰ죬˵лԵһܸоţ˲ܰ󶼲š
һ취˵ͶԵﵱҲиҲܸ
һֱ͵һֱͻոɵײǣֻܿһԵǵúúչ˸һͻظκβӡ
ʥּһ·ϴӹҲһ±ƣڶǵûϺλռҵĶٷ̸ãΪ鷿ҲʲôֻǵȳϾ͸ʥּȥռҹ
ȻҲǰ֪ʥּݣһǴͷʥּ˵˸˵һĸ֮Խ빬УռҶٷĸԵ֣ռҶٷսΪ
ڶûôģҲˣһ⣬ڶӷ˼
ڶǵβӷʥּ˵ռҴ󷿵մƷԸ߽࣬ΪЩڲڿҿңصλؾƷһְӷսΪƷھˡ
ˣǸܴƷֱƷô϶ΪսϵĹϵɣҪΪ˸λεĸиͷΪھռƾλＦȮˣ
ڽʱһ·ڰԼҪ޸ظϢˣĿһ۽⣬վֱֱȴĽӴ˰øĸ֮ԼԼҺϱˡ
ҸϱˣԼϱ޳ȥˡ
Ŀڣˣж︣뵽ظΪˣô꣬Ҳۺӣڰ֣ռҳԷ
⻰Ǳ̨ʣ۾һӦˣǣͬСص˰
ٻ˭ܸǷʲôͷһμ˵˶ӵôϲôʹôȲġ
ֻǣոӵʥּɵˣϷˣϲûΪײ˹ŹδʺǼϱӣôǻû˯أ


135 
ֻո, ǵ֪Ϣʱɵˣȷӿռҵոӣȥ˵˶ӣô֪ӻãرϲ˵أ
֮ǰ, Ҳˣս, û˵
, ˳һɵۣɶսϵķռҴ󷿵ĵմӣǸƷ, ҲʲôͻȻּͰƷüƷֱȥ˻Ʒ, Ѿӱȥˣ
Ȼµ۵ǻ֮ΪͬıЩıճְλ, Ĳ٣Ҳûһֱ˺üƷ, ֱӴٳ˾١
ѵǻҪռңϾռȻЩû, ɺôռҴ񵱼˿Ǹү, ûʲôʵȨҲ˾ĺү
, һ˼ǰ, Լϵʥּҵ˺͡
ǱϹˣҪ˵ҶģôΪôܸ衭
ô˵
ǻ, ˵ǹ¶Ȼ常ҲûˣȻ޷úòٰⳡˣ˵ˣµ۸յǻȣǰ϶ĻʺʲôһıȨֻһܳԵôȨЩϽܷԵ˸ţôռȴʵѡ
밡ռЩҺôռҼ͵ûڸУȻϲ£Ҳס˾λ˵˺ôǸ˵ʲô˼Զ˵ˣǸռҴ󷿵ĵմӣ˵Щͳȥĥô꣬˵ǸҹջҲǸ˲Ű
˵ڰδʺռϵһռҼм֧֮ܲδʺ󣿸οӶԻϵ˼һصĲУӸˣǾǻϸˣ˫Ӯ
ȸҵ˿ɽȻէȻһռҲУɺôռ˶࣬ٳΪٵĲ۴СٰľһȰȨռˣⳤȵģʹûνԵպҲû˸ӣҡʺλá
˻عζڸ·ɻϾͲһδʺĴˣֱӰƷˣ
ЩҲֻ룬˵Ǵ治ҪԴġ
ЩϢʱЦֲ֧ᵹϣ㿴ԼԲˣһ˵ʲôһʼǲˣջң常ȻȨδϹսҲûѵʿЩ˻û˵ٲϽ治һ
˵Ҳ̵ϣ˵常ģ常Ӳʵûʲôɡһ˲̫ø㶨
ԽȻЦ꣬뵽ǸѾӱˣǲվͻᵽﾩǡ
뵽Ǿ˾ˣǲ̫ģϾΪǻס׼Ψһ׽Ϊ׼ƽʵˣֻǾµȢ˭Եǲ̫Ҫ
һͲһˡӣ׼Ψһá
Сصı֣ѪֱܻӵСǰȡⳡ¡
ͽһж׼׵ոռ뽹ǣһδû˼ҪҲһžۣһھˣպƽƣû˸ҿҶշ˵֡
ƣģаţͬġǲͬ⣬Ҳͬġ
ǲģҺǶȥˣܹȥԼˣֲǳˣܵػܹܵԼıܻϣ
һ£˵ȥռҳԷ˵˾˵£ʱ˵
ʱû˵£ϾѾ̼֪İΪ˻ס׼ΨһѪϧЩܵĴ̼
ƣѰ˵ɣʱ䣬Ҳൽˡ
룬ͷһͷҲһֻӲͷƤ˵ˣ˵Ӧľϲɣ
սƳռңռȫôҲû뵽гһռͻȻܵӾȻΪһȢصĶϱպүմ˹ؽӼʱյģôõôϡͿײͷأ
Ϣһռҵż㱻ǰҪݷõ˸Ȼˡ
պүϺδʺҪǸ϶ҵӣϷ˴һ˼֮ʧӰ٣ֻպүշ˺ͽдˡ
Ϊ⵹һֱûôڣȫ̶ǽѯպүһЩˣùʳ֮󣬽ȥռһ԰䣬պү˼һȥ
һȥոĻ԰ιĸԶģˣȷֻʱӲͷƤ˿ڣл˵
ﾭһѾŵϢǵҲˣ˭ɶֻĺӣԣΪͰظĻ£ﲻظˣȻͰظһףǡܻѾϲԸĶˡ
еᣬǲǣֻӣ§Ͼǰ۶󶼻Ǹȣ벻Ҫһͣ
ţüͣԴ֪ӻţԼ˲٣ü۶Ц㻹ʲôϲͻȻôķͣһ϶͵ˡû˵ʵ˭ʶֻ˵Ե֣
ӣĪ飬Ҳˣἰ׼һģǰ׽ΨһãҲǰظױ֡
⣬ȥôˣʲô׵𣿡
ˣ̫ףǵ׽и׽µʱ򣬾ǰΨһøôߣպѰҵĶҲǰظΪ׼ұƽʵҲʶ
֣ʶôʶôĹ٣£Ƕˣöʮˡ
ʱ򻹲ʮ
ɻ˫Ŀһ˵˳Ѿգǵ
ֱ֣һʼɻģɵʶʲôѾԶԶ³ڶߣǸ˰һԶʵѾǲֳģʱֳͱȥ˾Ӫʱ᲻õģɺ̫£ֳսϢʱѾǲԼʱжѹ
źصȫѹ.ϣǮһѪһΪԼѧѧ˵ͷȻһ·ٵӹúˣΪٵգپӵѣ񣬽֣ϱӷ¡


136 
, ɤڣһֱţ
죬ģﲻ̣ЩҪ˵, Ѿܣûκв, ʹ˵, ҲԸ˵и׼, , , Ҳǣû, ɴ
, ̧Ĩһ, ֪ˣǺ¡ֻǿֻǶĻ, ȴ֪ô˵
Ϊֳڻ, ΣǱȥӪҲͲˣܿûˣγûһΪֳô, ѵʱֳڣûֳ֪֪Щ£ʣҲѾû˱Ҫ
ҪػˣԸҲһӣѾܸмˣֻǶֳ̫ãľ֮󣬳Щɬ֮⣬Ѿֲĸ顣
ȷû̫ʹѹ˿Ժһֱġ
գ۵׵ڵĿɬļ򣬡֪˾ЩҲףǻˣСҲͻȻἰ¡
ףջҪʱŷ˾˼һ棿
룬ӦˣСôˣҲ뿴ֳˣȥ£ҲûҪץ׷ˣĲѣɹô꣬ѵʱѾȥˣĿ࣬վ´ĥ֮鵽׵˲١
ȷѾδΪӰ쵽飬ɴȥֻĵܵܣϡòС
СѾǲýͷ췢һСý۾ģģ뽹񣬸ϧ֮飬ֱո̫òò뿪СƻСˡ
СƿôõĴͻȻҪˣ۵һ¿˳˿Ҫš
ҲϡСƣһģҲøú飬ɴһչСƵһŽӸһȥӸӺӣһȥš
ʹСˡ
ֵԵҲõһȥΨһñ䵽ģžƣԴӸŻԼȫȥˣ׼˺ܶСĶ͹һһС棬Ⱥòװ˯СưŽҪһ˯
һҲûʲôⰡȻˣԡ֮Լҵܾܵͽ޵ƹ翴Ͽˣһ㶣ףôӹˣ
ǳ˳飺˵һֱѹû
֪λˡͷСƣٳһЦЦˣһתףƱͷǱߵĴͦģҪȥ˯ɡ
СƾֻҪŸ˯ﶼõģСԴر
Ķˣ磬ವĲˡ
ƣ˵ܾܵͰϹһȥˣ

գ˯ɽͲ뵽ҹĳ͵ܽһ٣ݺĥĥţһɫ쵽ʱˣϽϴȥСҲ
ʱһһСʰãһȥŷ
ֻǿ쵽ԼʱҲûƺͽ֣ȴǵ˴ҴҲ
˿үūŹһնٷʳϱ׽鷿һʱˡ
ü׽ǽҲˣ
ûţˣء
˵ףСǱΪȢк·ŭˣСؼȻ˵ܸ㶨ҲԸ룬ʹߣȳš
һﱧСͻȻڣǰ׽ΪζŻϲ
һ㶣͵һ۽λδʺĸûӺӣҲ֪ҪҪ˵
ü˵˵
ͿλնٷֱӵһۣӾͲҿˣ𾪲ѣȴԣرҲҵֱ˵˳͡ǰ׽ûϲȢһӣûջطʥּ
ʱ۾ɴˣȻȢ˭ʲô£ﶼû˵ʲô

ﱧСƴŽ鷿ʱ鷿Żţͷ죬ôöû˭Ҳ޷˵˭
ֱӰСƷ.Ʊȥһ¾ͳҪԹԵģ֪𣿡
СƿԼֿ磬Ӧˡ
ŴŽֱӴ鷿ţֱӽȥˡ

ոүҶ˵һ֣ĬĬ.غүλܵܣǸڣûˡ
鷿ڣûʲôֻ䵭ؿŰӹʵ㽫빬˵֣㲻ΪһֱӰ󹬶ȡˣĳĴҲûе£ϣд㺰һ֣ǳվĸһ䣬ĸڣͬΪһӲ˽ɽ𢲻ԼȢһӣ
ƣѾ˭˵Ĳ޵ľ
ͷ۲ѣϣԺڵģ¶Ȱ㡭
ءһ鷿ŸƿɵİӺͲѸŹһֱûڵĽһŤͷͿŹվ鷿ſڵķˣ뿪ڣǷֱ̧˽ŵǿ۵˵ʲôֻ۵һ鷿ٴιˡ
ŹϣҲǰ
һֱû˵ԼܲˣɽǻϵıҪܣֻܵˣ˽ҲûôȷΥպڡ
ȴû뵽ȻŲóŮӣɵۣ漴һɼӿǡ𣿡
վŲԶӣʵѾǲԼֳģǰİӣļ˺һӣڼ˵ȷֳȴָı̫Ψһͬľ˫ۣ۾úΨһӡǵߵʱ򣬶Ųᣬ˵ԺģܶóԵģȥƣһߡǶʮꡣ
ΪûˣҲûˣɹô꣬ȴָĸ绹ţһֱֻ֪ΪĲΪӣΪ˻סӵѪԣʲô
￴ŽҪ죬ޱ鳯ȥҺһֳΪʹߵʱǵҲ㣬һֱھΣ㱻׳ò뿪ȥ˾Ͳʱ򶼲Ŀɽأûû˵ʱҲû¶棬ǣӣѴ㲻ѵĿԡҳǸ£ǸдΪˣҺ͵ûκζԲĵط㣬˶һֱ㣬ûݼһΣãЩδһΣû͸¶һ㹦ͣ㻤ӵѪԸɾһ
ôʱҹҶӣһ𣿻㣬ظ˵úһ֣ɴʮ꣬ڼǳֹҲǣظʱżꣿǿŲŻأһûΪνİΣҲû¶ԼĴڡ
ȺˣɲˣҪȥǸϿǳˣЩνѪһѹ.ϡ
УǵȷĳϾҲһӣ˳ƽ˷أһʱ򴭹ˣʼˣԲϷʱһ𣿶˵ֻǺһ̣ҲĶû˵ʲôȢеôˣ
ȢȢһͷֻҪ룬Ҷţʲôһνı֣Խ谭ҺӵĻ£Ҳ̫Ҫˡ˵ˣ㲻˵һӣҵĻʵģզģ뷴νҾһңһТͻһԣһĹεģҪǰظðսЩǶܳɹ
ʱʹˣưǵģʱ֪ð׼ѹˣ׼ƽ㣡ǰ׼ҵĶˣ׼ҵĹ
һѰӺͽһˣƽʱĸˣʱȴǱÿӣžΪĸգԼӱ۸
ظûֱ˰ѰӸϳȥǿǾõ׼̫ңΨһĹѪôˡ
һ׵ˣҲڵˣһԵĽȫ˷Ӧɵˡ
þãһֳԲ㣬Բ
һۣ㻹Ÿʰ׵ȥعڵǰԭ㣿֮ǰͱϻˣôˣ֪ȥ㻹𣿡
һǵͨ죬룬ЩСŵ̫ãǡǡȻվƣϡֿ˿ӣҧҧϣ¹뼸¼٣ȥݡ
ҲӸոյлعһֱûʲô׼ˡ
һۣεͷһ鷿
һأڴлع񣬡㡢⸾ˡ
ʲô㼸꿪ʼ㣬ûйҲпͣǽΪǰ׼Ҳ御ôͷˣת۾ͳˡˡ㻹ҪҪģֳûоֳΪӵξˣתļˣ˵ʲô˵һ㳤ôָųʱôűֵֶԼıܣԼ㻹˼ԼֵķһȫѰĺð춼˵
ǰλһĽİã˵֡
ֻ죬ͷˡ
ˣõһԣÿߣ´ʲôطʲôٽʥģҪӻǵֵģǰ߾͸еӵĸף־жסΪ˰ǰ׼ƽıλãģվߣʺôˣôͲܵˣҪҪӣôף׼ô򵥾ƽˣ̾ˣǰ׼磿·
ӱ࣬ҲܷĻҲһʱ嶯һ뵽ϾȻȢһеĶ˺;ŭľ͹ˣ侲뵽εĹ뵽ոձܵĻȻôⶼǸʲô£
ֻܵǸˡ
ֱҲˣգգۣﻹģͻȻְ̧Լıӹ㿴С㲻ظȢø˲⻰ǹⶺո˵ġǸȢȢһͷҲš
ﱾΪòУЦˣһ£⺢ʲôӣˡ
ɴֻڶߺأƺзиǲǰظ
ƱһҲ̲ס۵״Ц⣬ҡҡͷ
￴ûӣϵŭ⳹ɢˣЦܺӣӣҲУˣ߳Էȥˡ


137 
ȻаӺͽ, ûӰ콹ٷϵǱһĿڵԲҪҲھͺˡ
ǿĻ֪з£Զ, ֻ˵ܣ˻ʵ, µǸϻûõ, ͦżСƣûϢǾǺϢҲռܻĸ
ֻǵȥ, ȴûȵ˻, ˵֮ǰ˵ĸ, ôһֱû
뿪أŲȥ￴, ɻûȥ, ȴ˴ּˡ
ּ֪˸ϲҲû, ͷʥּٿּĴ̫, ⲻǡΰɣ
̫Цйϲ, մΣϲ£֪ɣҲΪƷھˣܿ͵, մ߿׼׼ˣ⻹в̵·̡ۼʱϿˣһҪմ˸ϻϺͻʺĴء
뾩һµ·̣Ҫõ£ʱʼ׼ҲҪ£˲ʱգȥûҪˡ
Ļ㱵˰Ŵ̫Ϣֱȥ˹ϲԼ鷿˺ü鶼ûףȥһ˾ǣզһӵɶأ
Ҳˣλӻδʺ
⡭ȥǻϵˣԺĹɣ
ĸϽԼžžžģ벻룬϶Ρ
ֱüȷʵģĲŻǲ£ĸϽɽӵһ·۵糸·黹мյʱ򣬸ϵ˾ǡ
һõϢ͵ڳſڣϤСˣǰСϳͣүǷˣСү
ƿĻϽͣȲ³ߵüûķˣ̲ס۾ֱţֲʲôֻܰͰš
ﱻģɴ౧С
Ҳûӣ˵ߣСƹЦ˼ʲô濴ոձ϶ӵĽλǣ
ѾͷŪǺ췢ô˿̳ЦЦʹ캰ɵ
һ㶣֪ǲǴܾЦͽܣֻǵĻع㡢ǡӣϵǸӣ
ףԡ
￴ﲻ˵ĵطȽϸȥл˳һš
ҲǶ໰ģڣΪ˽ֻЦŶӦֻǵĽ˹鷿ȥʱȴûס
ͷ̫಻ע⣬ѹﰡµۻ᲻᲻˵˵µۻӵʱ䵭ģ˵ǲ̫ദ
￴һۣģᣬûбȻϸ˵ˡ
ĬĬ󼸲ӣԼ˵ôʶӵģûʳ˵ôʣ
ûףôһ·㱵鷿
һˣϰλնٷ˽æţ࿴һģǸմˣû뵽ôᡣ
Ľ鷿һֱӹļϣꡭȺ귢ԱԼҷЦˣŷַ˾Ȼûǻϰ
ϲûض񡣡
һ£ǿά򶨣Լе㲻֪ǲһ··;ۣµ۵е죬͵ŵӷɿ쿴ۣȴɵۣˣ۾Ҳˣϲ죬ģҲ졣
ȽûסЦĲź֪ʶʲôµۣǰɣǰظ׷ʲô
һֱ㱵žԼеʵУһӸ׼š
ΪҪ޽Ϊ󣬽Ӹӽ
ľļˣ
û˵ʵϾ̫˼ɼʹ˵Խ̬Ҳµһֻ벻ΪλģһǾҲͿһ¡
촩ϲۣǸƴһɷΨһ֮𣬵һǻϣһǻʺ󣬲ڽĴֻ
ֱӸ˵ģ;˿˶һûʥգϾǵһҲһΡ
ֻҪǼʥյĶ̲ס㱿һ֮ˣ뵽ʺȻ˵ʵȢк׵ģʱҲ̲סп˾ȻĪ䡣
ţżʱԽԽһͨͨ
ֱһǣϲ߳Ӹһƥͷſں۵ҲĪе˸УСƸǺޣıȥ˺þá
һǻ˻֣Żʹȥ
˲ŶУ㱼·ֻʣˣ·ֻصʱ̲סƫͷƿȥ۵״Ц
Ǹ֪ʲôҲƫͷһЦ۵׻㱼ֻʣ±˴ˣ˭ҲܽǷֿ


138 
鼸ĳһ, СѾ꣬£ϲŽֳ
ҲǸвסģо, ⼸ʱʱСܳԳԣżæƴһֻõʳ
콹СƵ˻, ȴϡĴһֻѩ׵Сꡣ
ʱŪľ, ſֻСģرÿ, Сư, Ҫ, ܵһ۰ֱӱӸͻո
һٷŻع
֮, СƴǾð, һֱǰС, ιС߳Զһ޵ëֻ, СԽԽϲ, ٵ˯֮ǰҲ˯߶߶С˵
Ҳûã§СƣָſС꣬Ʊ㿴Ѿ, СҲҪ˯İòã
СһֱСë䣬һû䣬϶ֻС׵ģֲȥҧˡ
ҲԼ̵ֱ֣߽ߺһҪֽȥ˾Ķ᲻᲻
СƹףԼС䣬롣
ͶˣƱԹԵģҪȥˡ
СƲᣬź
룬ʵһƱҪ׿ԸƱҲŪһ˫ëôë֯ɵҲһģë׵ĴţƱ϶رϲ
Сͷ룬һģһ𣿡
Ȼ׻ܺ㲻ɣ
С뿴̲סͷʱǡǸҲһ𣿡
ﵹû뵽ʱСƻǵԼ磬ȻӦˣû⣬͸һ֯һԡƱھ͸ֹԹȥ˯һˡ
𣿡СƼѣĲУߴָϽȥ˯ëˡ
۵״ЦⱧСүȥˣǷа취
ȥëˣܸСŪ˱ůģȴ̲סЦˣǺѹɼȻӦˣ뻹һë֯ˣҲү鷿Ҳš
һ磬СƻԼë䣬һˣȻͿ䣬ϽָϣͭĲУϴþôŷҪ翴
ҲӦˡ
һ߹һȥ糯ȥˣ˯ǲģſ˯ԺģԼоë׵ģۣͿ齱СվЦʲôŬСԴϴ
һЩȴҲſƱأ
ȿŷСԴϴź䣬ĵôȵģ.С׿϶С֯ġ
ͷϴģ̧Ȼ
СƵó֮ͷһ𣬡ٺٺ٣Ƕ˼䣬˵Ҫһģһֵܡ
ⶺҲѧͷͷǸÿƱÿ
ôһЦһŕiÿСƿ۾ģС껹ÿƴСԴٲȻշۣÿġ
һ䣬ԶһǺܺÿ
һ̧ۿȥȻԶƲ֪ʱģŵߴŲϣͷϴŵëףۣ˼
Ǳһۿô˸£ˡڴʲô⣿
ԡ֮˴ϣȽͷŵһ·װСǺˡ
ĥ׻ΨһͬǣһԹؾذɫ׵ĺβͣԼצצ
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