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ЩҥԣȥɡξЭο˲սˡ
οȥʱͿ֣ߵ˲䴹֣ۡſȥǻһζոյóԸټϣλŵһֻۣÿס


ڰ

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ΪǶжıأʵЩʧ÷ڿɶõˡ
Ƕһŭٶٴμӿ졣ۿѪھҪˣû뵽ȴֱֱһ׹ͷǶһЦ

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Сֵܣ롣ͳ㡣
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沼˵ģֻǵһèּô죬ֻܲ󷨷Ҳܻ
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λؾСɣ㣬
ǳôҪܸûҲ
СҪҵİġУèҲҪġ˵⻰۾ȴδ뿪èƬ̡
֣ż״ǰλΪλ϶
ܾèûж⣬е...ô˵أζ
ͷ鿴Σζλ˵㣬ڵҲٻ˰ɡ
֣ű˶ˣ˵ԭ򣬽ԼϺ˵èεġԴȫܸζѾЩܼ֮˵ˣǴӦʱһ֮
ֻԤϵĻҪӣȴһ

10

ⷢչ̫԰Сֵܰǲôʵôϻɣ
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Ҳ˼ô¶ڧˣһôͰʰˣҪǣֻŪô¶ŲǸžĵ
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תʲô˼ûè񽻻㣬ⲻܡǡ
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֪èӶڻصǾЦġ;ɶ仰èЩվס׹޾ߣֱ־
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Ȼ᲻ãǰ²þͻáλܸèԼȥɡ
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ŶǰҲû˵һ߰ааЦЦèĪϤ
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治ôǻᵱԼҵġ
ˣèҵðǸ۸Ļ˰㻹ܲèԴ𱸵
ԴӼèûءһĿڱ˵ĻԹԼűˡ

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ܸݺʰһٵļðαӵˣԹԳˡ
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ǺǣЦʦֿ̫Сλ̹ˣ²ָʹɡΪ׮׬ȷԼԨ
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⼸Ŭ֣òȡΣ˸èദƬʱ⡣˷Ϊè̬ȶЩͳĥǹġ
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Ȼûǰļ䣬õѵĻһϤаɡΪʲôΪʲôҡ
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ģҵİ
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СӰ죬˭˭ұƽϡúôԣɢҥԻ˼ҹǹͽܸҪ˼ҹ㿴֮һţ΢΢³οͽҲɽˣò밡
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˵ˣǵͽð¶ѩǿ˶֪֪ʵġ
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⣬Ҷȥһŵлֻǡһ֮ľսģˡ
Ǻǣ˵ɽ֮׸ĪֵԼңͿʼ׷û˾ͲǴ¶ˡ
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صģԻᴦһӦˡ£ǡ֮һѵȥҲ벻ġ
Ȼ˵ٲ֣Ӧþ͵Ϊֹˡ֮΢ֻҽθˡްҲǡ
ýŲԶָֻһɢɢģ
èܸ޺֮ˡʱҲܷЩɡ
ľƲˡϿڲС˹߰ѾƲһһϣиͣ
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ոλС˹Щɻôһˣ˾Ʋ˲Ǹһô
ùⱾǸԼеġȥɣҲùҡɿڴ˵
èèҺʱ˵ô໰
ͷһأҲΪ㡣
Ҹãôźá


 12

£
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Ż´ҹǽͷͱٲ˰ɣֻ뱻èߡ
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벻һеİߡ
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ǿļ䷭ڵŭ⣬עŰèıӰ仰ŭ죬ȴ޿κεģҲֻè˰ɡ
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ǿԼСԼӡԼʵڹˣЩɡ
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ڿè˵˲ƶߣΪԼ԰׵ɫĿˣű
èδشֻһЦʺѪ̧ͷ㣬ЦǾ
԰ʺѪ˫ۣҲ̽ġ
۾ˣˡһƬϡӽ۵ȡһСƿеҩ赹èС˹ˡ֮ǰȥ
ۿЩ춢Űè˵ıӰ
èһҲҪ𣿡
ҲۣҲѹ
ԺҪˣҪԴԼ
èҵҪۻˡ
㿴ŰèʹԹ°ıӰ
һΪڣҵʱߡ
èȻĴӣ˫Ϊյ̫ЩĬĬ߱ߵ˵
ȵҰɡ
ָèѸٱܸķ
ת˲èȴصƬֺ֮ϡ
ұǿ󣬱η塣
á
ҵ㡣
磬ҲֻΪһѡ
һָ䣬һĸԸԶߡ
Ҳתʧè׼δء
Ҫˡ
ܼСһ¹󣬱㴫֣ҽ׵Ϣ
һʱܸǰﲻ˽˳ĻǼ⣬һʮЦŹϲ
жѻɽƷ̾˿СԷطȥˡ
ձϲӣ⼸ȴԽǰѩŸúЩʱգٻصԭ״̬Щܲס˰ɡ
οѩôҲ޼ˡԼԼ
Ѿˡ
һûһԹŵè
ѩţȹգͻ˰ɡ᲻ð
ĺܿģҲ㡣Ȼ̫ܶǸһĺɡѧ¸ңѧֹۣʼԼġʼ
ִֵֻѩһ˻
Ǻܻϲġ
С㣬Ҳܻϲ
ȿȣ!
С㡣
С!
̲סĿЦѩŵѰɣǰ㡣һǺҪģҪѰɡҲġĳܳأԺĪҪһźá
ȿȣſڱǵ϶ʱЩ졣κ۾ﾡǰˡ
СԸèҲǼֱС㣬СԸǴ˿ǻ
Ѿͷǰһֱôֻǣǰܸ̹ȻЩȴЩء
İѲ⣬䣬Ҳ׶ר顣֮ģҲ塣
ͻȻпһοոձСԱߵİèеܰĴСԻƬ̡
ϢҡһҪҳްѩӡȻҵʱ䲻ˣĺڴúҸ
ԲС㡣졭ģһҸþõġ
ҹŴ˯üȵΣèСߵǰʩ˸˯һЩ
С㣬ף֣úϣãͷϣҸ͵͵ö𣬴ǰèˣȡ֮һλİꡣ
èĿȹůϣŮˡ˫ԣ˸־
ǳǵʹֻǲ֪ΪǵڶγܣΪԼ׳ѪϴǰѰ
ζ龡Ѫ֮ϴ˵ĸˡҧŵҲסӿѪȾ׵ۡ
èò׻ָһЩѪٴα׵ĽݽߡҲɡǻˣһο¾ͳ׷ˡ
ֻףһʧȥѪԭҲѪǲģȴΪʲôԡ
èάֲסΣΪèſڵ϶õʱԼʵʧˣ
⡭ô죿Ī˵ܸˣⷿˡ
ԼһſڵϵèԼʺף۾Ҳŷ졣
ŭս۽۾

еһնֻǻΪһ̾Ϣ
è׸ôźá
ãұŵˣ߰ɡèǿ˵
ȴֻǶĿ޶޲ϱè£뻳кúշοǣèһھԼѹȥĻͻȻͱˡ
ſİè
èҲЩûףǺӡ
ţţܣӺԼһԼܰɡ
뱻С㿴ǧ򲻿ԱС㿴ӡ
èΪҾ뿴ӣңͿԡôѹۿĺ⻺èȫȻҷϰҿ˵Ҳǻ۵ġ
ȻҲõӵġǣֻеһˣҲֻеһˡ
һ仰ŭΪУֻʣȫĵϧ
СĽèȴûתȥèǰһվڴ߿Ŵ˯ˡ
èܾЩСı߻ġǡ
Щʲôô΢ʶѪ֮Ͳܱúô
èԼҪ¸ˣҪǸˣԼһ˼ܶһܶûС
ǾϾСĹ뷿þ
㲻ǻ˯һ˵˵ţȴ̲סЩԹԡ
û뵽Ǿ˯һġΣ㲻֪ôƽèң
ߣèֻСˡ
ңè˵ҸҲһ
һеҲŮҲã˭Ҳܸ˯ͬһ䷿ס
Ŷ
èԺĹϵ
ȴûֻת͵˵˾䡰è˵ˡ
תͬʱһֽεİ䣬èСԼϲ֮˯ͷô
èЩ£˼Ҿҵ˵ô
ֻƼ㾹ǰϸĵĽԼʩİ䣬ͬʱҲ̲סԵʮֵ⡣
лҪ˵һдģȷʵв֮ܲʣıҲá
һֱŬŬдĸЩŬдϲƷ
ϲĻղ֧һ£лл

 13 

ҹɫèܸžܸԽԽԶè̲ס㻳ﲻ
𶯣㲻Ҫˣ˵أͲܺúϢеĶ
Լԭ֮ڡҡ룬ۿС֣óס
Խֻļȴδıһèӣ϶¶㲻ͷ
οôĸ˵ء
ʹ˵ˣһزЭġ
ֻԪסèʶţǰѾèιһöԪ޸ˡ
ҪѪֻ֮֮취ˡ
һֻԼĿڣǾƲèܵһ˺ˡøʲô۵Ļɡ
èҵһֱڹ۲ĵطš
ǵףɽɫҫ۵Ĺâֻð۾ʹˣֵȺɲϵֻۡ
ܸǰĵӭ׶飬һϲźͷαϲŸСԲͬɫľ½ӡ
֣ǰϲһ£˵
ѹֲסϲɫᣬסεְͽϲκתصź컨ǰ
֣ӢδСͷµգӦҲǵİɡ
ȷʵһѵõˡһܵమ֮ǲףοమ֮һȻ˵֣ŸΣ۾ȴճյŰè
һͷѩŲˣоԼδйɽ״ȻǸ˵ģȴҲ̲סĳء
ΪԼѩſ϶˺ܴĴ۰ɡ֪ںòãûˡһչ˺ģôôѩš
ͷνҧ´ҹףʱڶߣѩţһģһףҸ͸ҵһ
һء
ٰݸá
޶԰ݡ
λ˱˴ӵ붴èЩ˵Ҫȥֶ߿֣
Ͳȥ˰ɣҲҲеˡһؼҰɣúϢһˡ
è۾ѾеĿҪˡ
Ժշˡ
ڿϱϢİèֿʼˡ
ð
徲塣
㿴תѹİèЦ˵èоô
šèԵɵɵĿǰ˱е
Ԥ֮УǼս˰è֡ʲôè˭ˣ
ôѹءèĻЩ֣Ҫ˵ЩʲôȴΪĳ˽ץŵֶʹ
ȵȣ֣֣һγɹˣңһΪˣ
ٹ˲ʲôʹʹ¶͵Ҫ´֤ʵһ£ȴһҵͷĥٴεڴϡ
ʲôСЩ㱻һϵжŪҲЩ£
ڴϲȥæ鿴ô¶
ֻ̫ûɣ˿ֻèƵؿڱµܡ
īףī׶𣿡
ǡèʵĺ壬㻹һ¾׹ˣüش𵽡
ΪڲǸˣûҪѾһˣԺҲһèġ
ûҪûҪҪèڴԼ
è㲻ỹĺãǺ˰ɡ㿴èӣĴŨˡ
ûҪûҪˡè¶۾˵ΪΪ˵ĵĻĵ¡ҡҺۡ
ôܶԼ͸ءô˵֡һҪˣҪ˲ŪֻôܹԪ֮˺Լء
ôܣô˵߻Լѹֻôܡ˺
Ǹ
ԼԼĴȴֱ׳һЩۣѹ¶
Ǻ޼Լ
èˮ̲סԲ𡣡
СɵèҲǰһҶ뿪ˡ§Լ·ϲˮ
èԼ࣬һǰèʱһһﹰšţһ뿪ˡУĺܺãʲôʱҶϲġȻʧȥ˼䣬̲סҪϲ
èͷ˵ֻǣڡϾèˡ
ģҲůůġ·һɵֱͨҲůķ顣
èʲôʱ򶼻ϲ㿴Ц˵
š㡭;èͷصӦ
ֹȥ
ʵоôûĲʣ
˸ոһμͷе֮⣬ûбˡèҡҡͷ
ǾͺãúϢҸԣʦص͹ġèûͷˡ
ˣԡèסӲ뿪ߡǸ⣬ҰɡҰѹԡ
ãҳûáôҪҰһŵĶҰע⵽èǻҵĳƺŵɵ
ǣʵǣԼʲôûСҲûʲôܲġ
Լ͹ˡ
šҪʲôԸġ
ҰѪ׸СˣôһָأѪ֮ҲԻָ𣿡èھ;ЩѪʶָĺõĲٺˡ
ǣôģ᲻ҲˡοС춨Լȴû¶᲻ᣬ᲻᣿
԰èżŵĻشҲȥ
ԪıԴ˰ָָԼؿڡǰһֻèôҲһ˿ѪҰںϽʶӣѪԶָˡ
Զָôܣ
ⷬǰ٣һ䣬ȴĲˡ
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ǲˣ϶ҸܴĴ۰ɣΪʲôҪƭңèһȫŵģôָܻѪ֮¶µˡ
㱻ī׳Ѫ֮Ѫ֮׸С㰡ûлشʲôֻǷ
ǣһָġè۾㣬ı𾪵ˣϢ¶Ӱˡ
˷𾪣ֻںǸĹһ磬èûͣ
㵽⿴è˵ܾûпˡȲ徲Ӧ˵κεطû徲Ư
㷲Ϊʲô㰡
Ϊҵְɡ
أҽʲô֡
㲻ǽè
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ұºˡ֮һ档
á
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⵹ǡĵ˵ͷ
һûءֵ˵ͻȻ˾Ƶӣƺ׼ء
ֻǲ뵽Լ˵¶̲סЩ䡣
ڲԣһЩˡɢųԴ̲סҵèʲôӶÿҲܣ˰

ô̾Ťͷʵ
¹΢΢ü㣬ͻȻͷչȥ촽һ¡
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֪ΪʲôЩ̡Լ𾪵ĳЩŵ˵ϲҿҿ˲ʱͻЦĺÿġ
ˣ
Ĳˣܲġ
ǣǱ˶Աˣҿ˼ҵģûС״εĽšС˵Ƕϲ˲¡ԡңҲš
Ƕϲ˲¡Ƕңֻһˡ֪֣µл¹ȡֵ뷨
ţ֪
¹ɵĵͷӦջԼҲ¿ĵ뷨

û㾫ȣˡϾÿ챻ϵȵҩ벻ȬѡֻǣɸǰһǸ޵׶Ƶģ߲ܡ
ʼ죬رϲڻγɹС¡Сʦһ龫֣һ֮ʡ
ֻǡ ֣һǸС
Ϊ˲ڻʦǵǾɽȥϴαΪèµɽȥѰ
ʦͽȥѰ
ȥݼӣ˳һȥ
£
΢˫۴Źɵվʩ£¾
ȻܹΣǿ۰Ϸһӿɻû׾Сèе˼
ţǾȥɡһҲ㻥иӦ
ǣʦǣͽȥů͵ĵطϱ߾Сϴѩ̫ˣè¶ˡ
£ȥһļ紺ĵط
ֻǡϷһļ紺Ǻܶģ
οǲΪ˴ 
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ȻЩ˵ţʱ˼Щ졣
ȴЦζ˵
εȷǸļ紺ĺõط


 14 

Ϸر߾һǣɽ
ɽԭļ紺ˣ˿ڶҪǡڹͨ޵Ҫǰ֮͢ء
ȴƵ֣ļ紺ȴ֮õˮɱаԶµӣܵǷ׷װڳǡ
˵Ҳ֣ɽ˺䡣ܵɽȴɣдеġżȻû£оڳӪˣϾ˾ȥ磬ҲþǺȥ
⼸ճ⾹ʼˣһʼΪǳһһȵµġԽԽŨҲȥʱߣسǡ
ȥģֻܻصɽǰ
˹ñ߾ѹĵо˳ûٵ˼
ֻɽ˾ͲùˣԲ˵ֻţ޴
֣ˣҪǶԵ
㣬˵˰߰ɣڿɵãҲ߲ˡ֪˭ҵŮ˴ſǻ
˵Щʲôãȹ˺ǰɡȸ˲źáֲ֪ǶĻ
ֻͽȻĻصԵļҡ
²վţһһֻۡǴʱ˵ɫ̫ÿ
ʦе̫װµ˷ĸ˿ڣǰãã˸˵ôô䰡ļ紺ô
ӵĶҲеϺꡣ
Ԫ̽һ£ȷʵʦ˵һȻǾ˵ļ紺
:ûǰȷļ紺šֻһֱļ紺òȥ˰ͽ´ΪʦҸһļ紺ļ紺
Ѿĸˡ
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μ˲˸һ
ǰκһһֱ
֡
ȷʵֵúܣҵԪ޷롣Ǿݰᵽĳɽ˵Ũܵ˺ֻǻᱻɽѡҲüǰһǽƵƽŨֿһ¸ոŨ֣̲סԼϸɾ
ЦЦ΢΢Ҳ˵ɽֻܽܳô
˭ϢأµĻתͷӣͬʱƲǡ
ȵϢʦﵽѣ϶ҲЩ˵˵ϾôһĴǣǾҪء
Ǿ˿Գ˳Ҳܣ˲֡˵űǰһʲôҪɽһҪģˣҲһҪȵġ
߰ɡ˭һааĿͨŨڸʲô˶šʱŵЩǻа徻ʱ޴ӡ
εЦЦ֡
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Ԫ绤ס£߽Ũ
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ս֣ƺЩ
ţСЩ
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ããŨٴǰƬ̣ͻȻվסˣŻͷ˵

ƺеɽϢ
ɽ磿
ܸо
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Ԫ˲һˣ´㿪ǷŭĶ˸ով±ѳ𾪵ĿǸովĵطһ
׻ʥ֮һİ׻
ţŤͷ˵ǣʥ޲ɽһʧôôᡭ
§ߣڳһֻŵüġԴӿŨʼһֱü
ȳȥ˵˵ձܵǰյش
ûǰ׻ôʥ޲ɽͻ᳹һ˿ô΢ƽһЩ㲻˵
㣬ɽأɽģ
֪
ɽʧٵģ
֪
ʥ޲ɽʧôΪʲô
֪
±ԼһҡͷŪЩͷΣҲЩŵ
ַ̧סζͷ̲סбһۡ
һ۵ɵʱʼǿѹȥ֮Ҫȴٴ̲סüôʲôʱһˣһӡ
ǳ˰
԰ôûŪҲŪʥΪʲôɴסԴԺܻŪģǰһ
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ɽ
Ҫడ
ҲȤడ³գɫĴ۾ԼԴ֡߰ɣɽ֪Щʲôɡ
˳ԺǱĺúܶࡣȻϿʲôˣȴҲûɭƲƸУ˵˶ƽ¡
һֻҪû¾ͺá
ֱһջжǰȴһѰ󣬡˵ҪһСôܡ
ֲŮˣСĻҡ
عͷĿһۣȸոտ˵Ķࡣ
ȴֻڨڨЦЦ࣬Դֺõ˵ǻҵĻô
Ļףûó

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˵ڵصšЩȵĻͷһۣ¶̲סĳü
źԽԽĶ˲ʱ˵üĿ顣
ŵһλӣӦҿջϰ壬ĵǽֻۣеľƻһϰӡ
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ſڿһĻЩΣͬʱҲüһۣʲôûѵʲôǲ֪Σա
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һű㱻ǿջС뵽һ£ʱСƸһͨæҲˡ
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˸æŰȥ˵
ǵõϢһ
ջϰΪ޾ķˣС͸ǵС˳
ǱŨɽԺ󣬲αۣһʼǻһ󡣿뵽滹ȥˣǶ취ǵġ
ǹ죬վͽĲˡϵɽȻʼֳȺɶӵʿʼѲߡľͳûˣڹĵо˵Ѳˡ
ʱ˵Ŀֻﵽ˶壬ֻȻҹżȺּ尾Ⱦܹ˭ԸءǴֻĥĶš
һηǰҹЩѲߵʿʼץ׳ˡǱЩץ׳Ǳض
ܲҪӽŨ϶һǽЩһģٴηɽ
ǱЩʿģȻֱˡ


15

ЩʲôˣԹҲ
ǹĻڤ֮ضӲܵġ
ֻܵϸˡ
㿴һͬ˼£תͷ޾˵޴磬ʿץˣЩ֮ܳˣɻʲôɣ
޾ͺáҪ˵ʲôɣǣ̫ˡ

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ʵòˣӦ˯˹ȥһҪ
Ȼȴܾ˯̤ʵԺ˵ǣڸ˭˵
¶֪ˡԼԼһ仰
һѹ
һˣһӾϮȫ
⣿̸ߵźҪſǲ㣬ȴڴʱһòͣĻ
ִˣǾͱҡֻǺԽԽſҲû塣
˭
ﻹʶˣڸ˭˵
Ҳûа취ץ˵¶Ҳ̫Ҳܲ˽
Ի˾Ȼ޾
˭ץ׳
һᾡȰȰģҲҲ̫ࡣһֱֹ޾˵
ȷޱȣ޾ǽʶңҲ֪ġ
ôΪʲô
¾ԼͨЩĶԻȴڼ
ô꣬Ҳˡ˵
Ҳ˵ô꣬Ҳ֪Թ޾Ͻ˵Ҳ֪ڼΪ˭⡣
Թ⻰˵ĿЦˡЦһ˵Ҷ˵ˣǽҲ⣬ұҪҵķʽȥˡ
Ŷڵģһˣɽɲٰ
޾ȻвȻԼвɶ
ǳٳػҲЩţҳſź
ûеĻشȴŶ롣
ͽţټҪϸδŵĶοûһϢ
±ͻȻŵĶŵȻӿ죬ʱȴ˲һ亹
ʧе
ͻȻס
ڣô˯ȣجôȫͬڸղŵϷ
²ŷ֣ԼǺúõڴϣӶ˯ǰǺõģ
ְ˲ͷ亹ſʼѹĺһ˵ţҲجΣҲξˡ
جθôֵĺج뱻οһ£ûջصᵯĶͷ
֣Ȼۣ»̲ס࣬͸첲쿴˵εˣǾˡ
ʵĲԼµģֻȫĿ¶ѡܣڿ־ɣ־Լһֱ˽ˣȻԼȫ֪һ棬Լȫ֪¶
±˺ֻʧȥһֱΪ˶ڱ˴˵һжˡһֲģͿʼ£Լ֪ǲ֣᲻ᵼ뿪Լ
Ͼ֪֪֪ǣҪԶһġ
Ҹʲôˣų·ˣǣһϴˣ㻹ǵȪʱֵӣʱССһֻ˰ĲС
ȻҲǡ
ûйʲô¶ҰеĲʵѹȥ
㣿ʲôİļ䶼һģһģȻС⡣˵ġ
ôˣεʲôˡ𲻿İô˺أ˵ҪԶߵİ㿴Щ䣬
¡šͬʱҲ˵ͷε㱳Ҹɻ¶ˡ
ʲô¶ñɰǣʲôҵ͸ˡ˵¡
ɨĺƤͻȻͿʼյķ졣
Ȼ̫Ϊʲô
ˣ˰ɡҪˡһƿǰ˴
ȵӱĹȴԻ:һŶè
ڿջ׼ţ㽻޾򸾸ҪСע¶㽻һϢһҪغá
ܿջŨڵŵİգǿæµı߲߸˵ʲôģ¾ȻЩܰЦҲԽá
ʲô¶Ц㲻֪ʲôʱѾԣҪȱˮģ̲ס˵
ܺÿ·еĻա
ʲôʱ򲻺ÿˣб
ʲôʱ򶼺ÿĺÿºƢĺҲ˳˵ԼĻ
㳯Ա߿һۣ޾˶ڰĻæµţյ¶ߵ͵˵˾䡰СèҲԽԽˡ
ǵĻЦ뿪µһɲǱȥȻ΢΢һЦǱľٶﾪˣӦɫЩǺĵһۡ
뵽ڳҲ̫ȣһ˵һЩʿǹץˣһҪ뿪ҡ֪Ǵȥ·ϻᷢʲô⣬֮һҪСΪϡ֪
ٴαⷬŪЩɣôͻȻͿʼ˵¶ˡǵ˵ͷ֪ߵЩˣֻðǰȥˡ˶ŵĻǧҪ嶯һҪúüƻһ²ſɶ־ˡ
ţڵĲȷ̫ˣס˵
ķԸ׼ˣҲغˡ޾Ҳ֪ΪʲôλȥϢǸ·ĵǿ̫˵ĸоҲ˵Ҳʰֻܸλĵ˵ˡ
Ҳ¶޾ͻȻת̬ˣǸΰɣ½˿ջԺʵûʲôͻȻ¶ֻ²˵ҲﲻԸ
Ӧһ޾Ƿģڿջǻɡ
䣬ա
³ŵһ±ˡ
ͦò
εĿһۣʾ޾ȥš
޾챻ƵˣΡΡĴšǼޱʿֱӽҪץˣĹԹԶ㵽һߡ
λʿĿڴﻷһȦֱӳ¹ȫ޾ˡ
Է˵ģ޾˵һֻץЩ׳ˣӦûʲôˡ
Ǿ͸ȥô¶ɡ
¹ԹԵ־ܣЩľľͷһʿǵ˫
˲Щˣ°۵󱻺ɫϣһƤЩ졣
˭֪ȴںĳգգ۾ȻĿĵĶס˫֡                        
лҪ˵:Ұҵ£Ҷûء
:ҰҵҲ԰
ղء
Ŭһϲӡ
ллҵϲӡ
ղطźðɡ

16

ɽڵҹŨ¸ֲָײ֮䶣۵͵͵ĳΪɽƽ˼ֹ졣
㱻˿ջ֮ŵüһĸˡ
ôôˣ
ʮͬס˫ֵӱ˩һţԱߵʿһìľǡ´ʱڶ󣬸ǰɪɪš
ķ򡣡͵͵˵һ䣬ЩʿûʲôӦ˵˵ŨҲһʱˣΪʲôǲſʼץ˰
ӦǳʲôʰɣʲôǡҲĵ˵
ѣЩɻ
Ƿ˷ǹҿӴڵʱҲˡ½š
ЩʿϵףӦǴ̵ʱɵġ߾ѾϢսˣȻ˵ǵڹЩûأŨͷɽˡ
ҾǱһֱڵģӦǳĳԭ򲻵ö˵һֱ˯ţűѡ
̲סͷһۡ
Щô֪ģһֱԼһҲûռ鱨ĪǡǸΡ
ΣЩȫ㲻˺
㿴ͻȻŤͷͻȻˡ
²֪ôͻȻôĶһ¾Щʿǣľһ˿ŭı飬Χ˼״ˣҲĸӴ
ЩʿìҪ֣ۿųìҪˣҲ׼ˡ
ͻȻһŮҲ֮ס֣ʲôء
һ£һѽҪ䵽ϵĳìߣĿɷĵЩʿ˵Ҳ֣ľûκαʿǣڸ϶ǾηȫԶԶġ
Ҳ𾪵Ըӣô¶Ů˭
ջؽҪԪ֮ʾҪ
漴˹ԹԵͷԼĴڸС
ǺŮȴδʣֻǵ˵һ䡰ĪҪ£ȰǴȥ˵
˵ҪתȥڴʱԶĽֵͻȻ֪˭ŭײ
עһƽҹˡ
Ů΢Уⰵյɽʵ̫ˡ
鼸˸ҹȥ˰Щ˴ȥɡס¡
ǣ

Щ񺮣ѵҪһõϷ룿ûС鷿Ļд⡣
û⣬ҲֻܵǱΪĺŮӴԶ֮󣬰ʾһ¡
ʣµıʿߵʱ
¶һۣͬʱ֡
Ԫ֮Ը⼸ʿֱСһɵıǼս˷ƿ
ŵļ˱һĻ˲ʧһֱûϵĳȴȫȻš
ظңҸ衣ǼŹȥˡСһصҲ⣬Ȼ󶼶ãζҪ»ֽ⿪˰ֽŵæ˵һⷽ
ǵȥ׷ʲô¶ˣɽ˭ܸЩʿͻأҲıЩһô죬ǿֻһˡ
²˳٣ڿնȥ
˵طŷֲǱڳʱһϸһʱ֡
ʦ֣ʦôǣôǴˣε
ǰ㣬ɽĵҲˡ
гش
ɽ
ſ֮׻ʶҲڳֻڲѯʵʱȰǽΧ˵Ҳ١
ԪЩʿվƿڣ֮ҲôȻ⣬ûɣڵĵλȼˡ
ȴЩ׵ģһЩʿһвлĻǱɢˣǿɾֻˡ
սһ浹ЩʿǼ˵Ķ֣οµļ롣
ǹͲǾڸЩʿˡ
㵹Ҳûгʤ׷ǹһ㣬ЩʿȫͬһֱʿȴδˣûܴΪͻƿڡ
˵һڹȥҲ޷̽κϢġ
ô¶ôһʹˣ㿴˵ࡣ
һǴʮߣǷ˷ǹġְЩţЩܵ˺㼱Ŷ־ˡĽţλСʦ鲻̫ð
ǣǲʲôˣ
ܱߣлʲôӰӦǴʱͶ˰ɡ
ţҲá
ȰǴؿջϸ˵޵ջ󣬲ȻǼ˶ûط
ʦ֣ʦ֡¹ɵһһʺãάһϲ裬֪̰Ӹٹ̡һϲ衣
֮˫ֱʩһ񡣡λʦܣԨ񻪡
ǵĵ˵ͷ
ȺúϢһ°ɣһ·ҲЩˡ֮˸Բȼ˶֮㾿ô¶
㽫͸̲֮סַ̧
ԮҲͷ۰
ЩθǵġçײˣǴ˷һֻ᲻ỵ¶ЩЩʿ᲻ᡭ
˵˵ԭΪϣã˵ץ׳ôӦΪ˴̰ɣʲô̸Ǵء
΢΢ͣһ¡ҽ۲ƺǳСèֲѿڶԼеĲһֽ˵ʱҲֻóìѡ
Ҳŵ˵ͷ˵ǺֿȰο
ʦǵǲҲΪ˾˲ŶֵġοעһġǱץߺٱصĵطʧĻһںá
̲סȥ£Сè᲻ƿһĿ⡣
ҹǲȥ̽ˣҸȥֻ̽̽ǣ²ý췽ʽʦɽҲɷġ
˶е׷׵ͷӦǡ
ǰ£ϲռϷ硣
֮׸ŵͷͬʱҲЩɻƺûмλһŵĵѣ̲סʵλǣ
λʦܡſ˵
֮׸ɻˣһŲСôѵͽˣ
ԼǰλƢҿ˼λʦֶûпڵ˼֮׾ɻҲֻѹĵס
ʦôǹˣ֮ǰǶҺôһĸļ紺ʱ򣬸º׽ʱ̲סĴ˸
Ŷ˵ҹбʱǶǰˡ˵ε£ȻĶ࣬ǶǼ˵пܵ׮ĵ˵
Ǹֲ֮ʲôͨռʦôҹδ֪ء
ȻûǰԼʦӣҪҲҡ
ֻǿϵЦЦʦˡ
˵ǺúϢ컹һѵ¶ء
䲻ſٽġѾݾˣֻºúðˡϾЩһǽô죿
صԺʱ춼ˡֻڵҲûһ⣬ǵЩߵ˵İΣ
¿ЩĲɵģ˵ҪҪϢһ
ҡҡͷſϣͷڸ첲ͷ
ЩˣôģôҲûáѾߵһˣֻܴڿʼŬı״ȥٷȥֻڿʼŬҲۿۡ
㿴ͻȻЦ
¼״ͷ첲ƵĴ
ԣҪϢ𣿡
ɴҲѧſͷСèҪ׼ͬô
˵վߵߣֵè
ֻ̧ͷȴδֺ
˵һֻģ
ƲƲǣǹԹߵߣãһ
ոϱ㿪ʼЩ֡
޾ĿջǰǱΧ˸ˮйͨ
˵
Ķô
𣿡
ȻˣϾʦҵġȻôܻ
ǰ죬Ҳôǽ첻һ죬ˡ
˵¶ģ򶷵ĶģǾ˵ˡľ
ڿջǰţʦȾǰɡ
ʵӦֳ棬Ǽȥҽ͵׸ǣܸõıǡ
ڴ󷽸ṩ䡣
ԭΪӦѵĺܣϾ˱ɽΣտ϶˰ɡ㶼׼Ұȥˡ
ڿͺðˡ
㲻֪ΪĺðˣʵҲͦĥ˵ġ
ҹĻٴνٵʱǼ˲Žƣķؿջ
ķԸźˣǶջҲˣʲôǱܵһʱ֪һﶼ͸Եƣ
ʦˣŴҾͺáʣµģ㽻ǰɡ㿴һ£תͷ
лҪ˵ղء
ллҵ֧֡
ϲľղһ°ɡ
߾Ϲл
һŬдȥ
ŬôҶϲ

17

Ǻɫֲָĺڡ
ĵشӱ˳ǣǴϳŽɽűʱפĵط
¿ǰھоפڴһȥѲߵĽʿ𾪵ͬʱҲ衣
̫ʵˣ̲סǰ̽ʱ򿴵ããµĿһﶼǴ
Ҳ̫ˣȻһʵ
ȴΨһ⡣
ҳǸȥ°ʡ
ʲôЩɻ
δ˵¶ڽҲˡһ͵˵ǽи̵Ĵٶô
ںڰ￴һۣɫ۵ףȻ΢΢˵ͷ֪²˼һ֪ЩʲôԲѿڶĽ
˺һҲͬ£˺
Ǿȥҽɡںڰ￴ԼĶֳ˵ҿǸ¹ģڿܽһЩֻܱΧİɡ
ûȥںڰ￴´ΣȻҲͬһһֻè
µǱʲôһսˣȻ󻺻ķɺȴôҲҲԭĸо
ҪģֻǺ£ɲȥԡǲʹ࣬ԼʲôԳܣΨܳܵľʧȥ㣬ֻܰһٻ
һԼڲЩʱȻ׼ӪǱȥ
СһЩ
ţҲǣУҪ̫ԶҲӪ
СһӶѲߵʿֱӪĵشһ·оտǶ
ڰľӪŭЩʿǱûʲôǣ¸Ǳŵ÷׷ӿɪĶ㵽һȥ
üͷ壬Ȼһ
Ӳٵȵȿ
ֱӽȥɣٵҲȲʲôˡ³˻֣ش
˵ͷԪ֮˲佫ʸǣγ˽硣£
۵һǽ壬λŵһźڼ׵ӣӲʷüۼȴм
Ӣ˲һĽ֮࣬ʱȴһĶŴӪʵˡ
ǻ˱˧Ҫ°ɣ׼ˣ׼ˣͲЩˣϾͿԽˡЩʵ˵šȻҴԼͦŰĵͳٴδ˿д
ԣҶԼţΪҵĵ˱ʾͬ顣㵲ǰչһЦһڰ
˵Żͬʱ쵽һµ֣Ҳһ
ץ˿ܻţ취ˣʰ񾭲
ţ֪
˭֪ͻȻҲЦ֮ת˼Ȧ
ôҲܸҪΪֻǺɱءȷʵɱǽ˵ԽݺݵأĶЦһ
΢˫һб£ӡ
ҵ£ֲ½ʿץˣΪ˼䣬Ҳض
ݣݡǣͻȻк󽥽ӿźɫŨųӷ侲ǾԿ
ǽ㶼û뵽ȶֵ˻¡Хڵߵĺɨ˸ɾȻõģ׷аһԵһһĶ˿ûǽء
սپµ˵һ䡰ôϻʲô
㡰
¶ֵʱѾӦԪѹ˼ǽǬȡ߼ƿ㽫⽫Ҳսȥ
ûֱӽӴԭΪֶֹΣû뵽ǾǽƵһ
ȱɨߵģֱ㲻ѹƣټǽƴɢزͬʽ̶ͬȵѹȻըһ±ⲼµԪֱ
ڽ缴Ҳűըǰһ̣ס£˲СȻͿ·ųһ޴Ư̻
Ӫʽ˻⡣
ըŨ̹󣬽̧ͷǣվλΪĺŮӡ
ǹüĿһֿۡ˿ԼߵˣĿĽۡ
ҲͬĿĶ·
û뵽ǺȻҲáͫ΢УըͬʱӪϢҲʧˡҸӦ˵ϢˣھӪϱߡ
ȹȥˡҲȥ
ǽǳϷȥҪ

ϣˡǺ¹ȴǱΪϵĽǰ׽ˡǰЩ˴߰ɣЩ˶޹ġ
ߣʮʿô죿ֺγ޹ȻѾͷǾûлͷˡ˵ֻȫĺھҪһ
а취ģа취ģתѾôϣôˣڿؼգҪִԲˡ˵λһǵģǲǵô
سҲִԲ岻ݴǡɿҴӲϣˡϿִֵǰˣվûĶֻ֡úȻ׷ȥ
һ·̲ͨס˻ǲ塣ǿĿյϱŵһޱȵˣ¾Ҳˡ
㿴ǽٳû׷ͷʱƲһۣǺ¹վǽǰ˵ʲôѲǹס
ʱӦ㹻㣬Сġջ·˵
Ҳ˵ͷ
±㽫ǰõķڿһſעԪ߶ƶͬĵطһŷ׭
Ȼһ´ô˵Ĵʱڲɣǰ׼̵ʱ㲼ϣʣµֻҪԪ֮߶ֱ˶ȫ͵ʦͲõоͿˡ
ץЩֺãȻĿΧɹߵһһʧ̲סʼɧ
㿴ŵһʧ֮һһ˵ʧЩȺ԰οǵģ󷨻ὫǴͻɽң
ضᶨƽϢɧȺ˵֮ȴݺݵشͷϸܲ
һ㶼ʯάֵģάֻ̫ܣοôĴ󡣲Ļ̫ķʱ䣬Ǹûʱ˷ѣֻ츳Ԫάš
¿Щ˫ָһһµĺˮ۵ĲУ˾Ҳȥһ֧ţҪӦĲΣյġֻ˳Ͽ˶ϡ
ǣڴ٣ֻʣ֮ʱ
Х
תǰһںҹºԵüΪҫۡ
Ͽʣ޼ġ׳ͷŭ죬µĽʿǡôô׾Ͱ˾ˡʱԽ
䱻ǿʢǱϾûʲô򶷾飬ıȵϾþɳĽһ־ͱϵĺбƵЩˡ
żͬʱڲֻܷ񻽳ŵĺ¡
Ĵʱ˺µֻ֡ǰһƺߣȻ󿴵Ǿĺ߷ɻصɵĲϣ͡
Ͽϱ˵˿ڣЦһһˡֱ֮š
½˦Ǻɫ˰·һߺһХ˾š
龰иܲ˵һԼؿڡľѪ֮ʣµļ˲ͬʱʧС
¿ǴѪһЩȣǺìռϷ磬Ȼֱ¡
˲Լƣ󡰾񡣡ȻִµļϣʣһԪ֮ڡ
ʧеЩҪ˵Ԫôںһأ
Ȼв죬ǳڶΣ»Ԫ֮Լڡ
ںԪ֮һϽͣƱˡֱӾͽǺìķ飬ȻƲĳϡ
лҪ˵ղء
ղѽղء
:ϣϲңȻҴؼҡ

18

ϡȴ˻֣̿سԼʱΨһľǵ˰ǰ
¿һĻͬʱͫ׼üͷ
سͲˣԲûһѪֻ忪ʼ͸ǰǱճһ󶴡
ϴĿسǰѾԼҪʲôˣвس֡
ֱسڽŻعس˻
ϣǣǰ㡣سЦ˵
ĺѾȫڵʵδشسĻֻǳĬĿǾʱ˵
ǰǻ䱸Ŀźȴӵ״̲סе
ִջߵȻϣèû¡ԪĴЩϾָܻ
ţԺҪƴˡµȻûûµĹľԪԼԼһƱƳһھѪôû¡õĽҲԪ˰ɡ
ţҪʲôˣĻͲСͬҲǶźֻϻôè
ţǾֻΪƴµ͵͵Ӧоıŵĸоһ滺˺ܶࡣ
ǲʧȥ˴˵ġ
ǡ¸Ϊʲôںһ𣬿ǻûڣǰһƬڡ
β˵Ļš
ڡɴվֱ˻Ҳǣʲôˡ˵ŻͬʱͷŤµķ򣬾ܰŶԷǰһƬڡ
Ļܻഥű˴ˣű˴˵¾õĶļ
ѻ½˽ŸоյߡҵèңŲˡ
ʲôҲĵһʱ磬Ԫ֮ѷѪ̴ǬȡŻá
ڸ˵껰ǾóŸһڰûֱΣյĸо
ֻǣԶģèԡ
ЩҪסָʱһҧסĶµľûڣоԼĿС

ҿİɡ㣡
ŭͬʱǹԹԵ
ˡþյ˵
㿴ҳӪҲҧ㡣ϻűҧʹУĿˮһ˵
ӭ

³ĬƬ̣ȴֱס
Сġ
ġ
Զʱ䲻ֳϵļǵĴʱ
سӰȴԽԽҪץסʲôʱϸϽס֡
سһֻЦ˵ϣҡ
üͷһֳȴʩһãűĵȥʶҲŽᡣ
ϣس
ãҽ顣
ϣƭҡ
ǰƬһΪôˣЩΪǵ¶ǵˣʱ˿ֶޱĳǰ
ûֻǲ
ԣԸĹ´δʼ
ʱµǰҲͬľ󣬶ֻѹ¾ȣװı߽䱸ű߿
ãҽаأʲôְ㳤ÿҺϲ㡣

ҽаϡ
ǰԳưصŮʮ߰˵䣬ģȴһ¶ֻܰһ۾ͱˣǾӦøһμ˵ϲĹԶ
ϧһźӲ̫⡣
ҡҡͷҪߣȴǰ˵ҪȥﰡɲԴһȥ
εҪȥξ޷㣬ο
ҲԲξξ𣿡
ϸȷˡǺĽ͵Ӫǲ׼Ůӽģοǲǵһμ棬ôܸءûмǻżġ
͵͵ܳģҲһȥǱ֪ˣһᷣһġŮͷµµת˵
ֻһǸŵݴʣĵ:Ǹӵġ
ﰡһŮӲҪܻΣգ˵˻ᵣĵġȥɣȻȥξϾż£˵Ҳãٳʲô¶жʱ䣬ԼҲûȥ͵¶ˡ
鲻תЦŶŰϡ磬Ҽ硣֪𣿡

磿¿ǰһĻﶼʡȻǸɬǻһϳǸ꽫аϣĻ𣿻Ǳʲôô糶Ϲϵ
ʣҲֻĿȥҴˡ
˵ǣ㡭
βһġ
ͻȻЦˣţ޷ʹߡ
꾫
ŲǣǾβϹŴ壬꾫ɲһǸаصĹüͷǶ˼ֿɰ
أ
ǰҿôϵͷһԼ
طôûغʡ
ǺǣȻֻ˰ЩЦﻹˡ
ֻ˾ͺܺðô壬Ҫǵ˳ɻĻܻᱻ޸񰡣ʲôģ治볤󡣡
ͬһ岻Խô
ԵǿԣҡͻȻʲôƵֹס˻
Ȼ˷ܵ˵ͬ𣿡
֪˱˵߾߳Զ
ڰǾβһ£ǰŰɡ˵Լ㣬ĵҲӲĲ̫أ

ͦϲ˵ġǾ߿Ҽң
ðϳŰβǰطҪȥһܸ߼ľ¥Է˵ķ˿óԡ
ķ˲ǿóԣóԡǰһСôӣֻúŰ˵ҲһǸǿźÿˡ
ȴܷܷǰ̯ȻƾճһöԪ
֪ȥԡҿЩ˶ȥġظڷ⼸Ҳ֪ҪʲôҪԼġ
ǣϷô˫Щš
÷İڶʳ˷ܣˣȥԡ
ȴվԭĿǰεЦŵĹǡԼ÷ֵġ
ڳ˵Ưòڳ˵Ϊֹ˵ԼҲˣֻǲϰˡ
ڣԼҲװȥˡŷƺе㲻ԾİأվԭӵĿЩ֪ĿɰģЦһ
ǾͲҪװ˰ɡ
߰ɣȥԣСš
ϸһǺֵܿģؿ䷱Ҳδá
аأķ羰
ڶŮһ˵ͷ˶Էϡ
ǣ֮գزðȥ
ֻǣ˵սɳҵһֱ룬Ҳ빦ȻȢ
Ҹһȥòã
ԣӪ֮жӣɡ
ֲˣߵĻ˭סҲ԰㰡
ɡ
Լⷲһʶ˶ûУҸô죿ģĲ뿪㡣
а취ЭġҲء
еǾȫֻб˴ˣôῼǵء
ǶԸԳһͨ
ɣҾ˵ҵı任֮϶ԵġػصסĵطŰͷ˵
ϾǰָŮӵİظˡ
أաǾҪӪˡְŮ˻һúŬġԺһõĻ񡣡
šŮߵİͷĻ
ȴ̧ͷȻȥ
ʱֻжԷŵҲֻб˴ˡ
ңòãԼһ˿ʵ
غߵİͷĻõĴ𰸡
Ů͵͵ľصĴϢ֯һ
㿴һ۾ģ뿴èЩǸôıء
Ҫתͷȴоһս֡ʱЩЦֻСèԼǰ̫ˡ
˭֪ºҲŻе˺أȻ˵һ䡣
;
ŲЩԣǶʱеķӦ
;±ʹ˵ͣĲţʱᱬ
èϢʶ쵽ҵ
ܵϢƽſʵ
ô¶ŵ𣿡
ʲôŵҲЩɡ
ǡǸһοŵɣ
㿴ˣ
ûУ
˵ôᱻŵδҲ̫Сˡ
ԺСˡ
ܾԼǲ˵ʲô
ֻǾǾβЩΪĹɣЩܡ
ţڰϵľǵĽֲáϵ䣬èҪ롣Ͼ㲻ֻβҲǰϡľͺáȰο
ʲô˼                        
лҪ˵:ʲôʲô˼ôԵ˼
:
:ղң
:ʲô˼
:ղأղأղءĹСɰǡ
δ䷱
21͵·ϡ

19

, ҽ顣
ϸӪ֮ǰ˸, Ϊ˼˵ûвհ
ЦȻĿŰ˵
, ҽаϡͬص
˵Цڻصš
ξԺ, кܿ͵ϷʶټǻϽ, 绢, սܿͷ
ְԼӪʱԼʱǶ˵δ롣
֪˭ϲҲ֪ʱľУѾʼ˺˵ҥԡ
ɫĹαһһƶڵɵ, ӪʡӪԶһɽ, һλɫվţ鵽ʱʱһ
ϹžβС, ˻һ𣬻סȫ˵ľӪ㻹ҪҪ⹫ݣǾβһ壬绹к档ҪĶϡ
ӵһԼЩˣһȴһºе, ֻʣʹޡ
ʹԼݣʹǸϵ, ʹԼֻܳΪǸ棬ǸĹߡ
ҲѪģҲԼΪʲôͲԼΪԼһ
⹫ݲҪ, βһǲǾܱסˣұ㲻Ҫˡ˵Ժβֱ֣նһβ
Ӵˣβ壬޹ϸ𡣡ĻĪҫ
û뵽˾һ۵ڵȫ޵ıնµһβֿѾվס飬Ц
Ǻô簡Ϲžβıӻ谮˭ĵҾβһ塣нһУ˭ģҲҾβһ塣Ϊʧݣܵõʲô
ӣֹ˻ƺ˵ʲôһֻĵ
Ҳֹһãĺʧ
ֳ͵ûðɡĵ˵
ڹôܵûйء㣬ϹžβһԶĳ衣ӴʱǲŰŵŭⱬ
ǣҴҫԺҲˡͷڸԼҪµᡣ
΢۾ʩ˵ϵĺβʧֻʣԭأȫǰʹԼᡣ
裬ԼǳôΪʲôΪʲôͲܸһҸԺҸġ
Ͼ⼸ɫ̫ˣúϢ
鲻˰ɡ
˵Ǻء
ǲǺ꾫
˭˵أֲðоԵߵġ
оõ˰ֵǶ尡ô
˵ϱˣ¶ִˡ
ϣҪǣоźá
ӪﲻʱĶԳЦЦԼڿɲǺ꾫
ϽնˣֲҶ롣ֱݳǰֱ˵ʥ
ھУ֧ӾҪˣϾ˭Ҳֻ֪ƻġ
ֻ֪ûֻҪһ仰̾ͿԸߣֻҪһ仰ﶼȥ
ǵ˰ϵİ˵ֵǶ޹ģô
Цֺγ޹
һ仰Թ־ܣȻ˻ʹ
ΪԼɣ̫ˣȴģ˼޾ຣ
ȫµݱΪȫµټǸѾǽİϣߵǹس
ԼʵǿЦΪ踺أΪΰʲô
Ϊк·Ԫ˵ԼʲôʲôԼˡ
ôԼľأ»ĸְˡ
⽫س׽˵ˡ
İ
ǳǳЦţӭš
ԭһءְˡ
дϣϣϵĵǹЦ¡
Ϊĺӡ
ϣƭҡ
࣬ҵһУһǧٱĻȥ
߹ս𣬵ʥЯУУʿ
ϸسһװеŮӢˬ
һĹװڻʵߣǳǳЦš
ף쿪ʤ顣
Ͼѹѹվס
ϥ¹ʥ¡֮Ը
ϵͬʱһǰһ˼ૡ
ϣ׽Ը㡣
޹ڡ
¿һĻЩʹı۾
ս˲Ϣ䣬имƣˣһߡ
سʱ˧ӡ˵йܸоŵ°׽˵֮ơ
һʱĻ̡̻
Σ
ػϣûˣʱղˡ
õ˧ӡûУ
ϡػԽСس˧ӡ
Ŷس
ϣһΪԼٻ׳ԼŮ˵ôϵôܵͳ˧
οԼŮôܵǱˣǺޡ
͢Է衣
ȴ˸ϳ޹
ѽãֳ֪᲻ŵ
˵ǡ
ǰ֪ʲô
֪ǲǵʥ
ԡ
빬Ӹӡ
ʹڴϣ޹Ѿ󷨡
ʱЩԳЦЦЦ۾ȫǷ
ǣʲô˾Ͷˡ
βĺӲǾβడοǰԼβ˵ݡ
̫ˡ
ӣԲֻнһŹ⻪ϵķʧȡ֮һ顣
Ӥ۾ǳǳЦţʲôΡҲ۾в̣ԼԪ³޹ڵ󷨡
ͨԪʼӤǳܲס˿ʼ۴ޡ͵˫ۣˮ̼ʪͷ
һ̣һ̺òáϾͺˣ㲻ԣԳΪࡣ
ͬʱ޹棬ȴһƬţȻʹؾӣʳÿ϶ǿֻţɻ󣬲ʡȴ˿סɢĲϵոĹ⻷
±ǰľЩˣͺ׼
ȵ˵õϢʳһƬš
׼һɣ㽫ӴͳȥԻԪ׶׷ٵĺۼ
֮УûŻܻȥһûɡ
˿ڵĶǳʧܵ׼ĺӲ֪٣׼ĺֻһʬ塣
߾ɽ⣬˧ˣĻɢڴһҹ֮ȫϢ󣬳ʧơ
о룬ʮʿսģ˵ˡճ׵ʢһʱʧĳգɽľӪױ֡
ϣ޹ڣ̫ˡ
ҪĽʿǻɢֻأܼ尾
ǰãã߻صǺǵŮ
һʱЩֲڻʵ
ʮʿθɣ㻹ǣΪٻĹ㣬㡣
ǰĻͻȻԭľӪ״ĵţﲻϵؽкš
µƲһۣȴһȴڵϵس
Ҳ˹ȥһЦ̫ˡ                        
лҪ˵ллСɰܹҵ
ϲղŶϲҲղһ£һŬõġ
˰

20

Ӫİ, īһ˹վšããĳ£һµıͦӰǸĵĹ¼Ÿ顣
ĵӴ˿̾Եе, ЩҵЦ, вظšī, īס
ļһֱиĻīסѪŨˮио˭Ҳˡ, ֡
, ԭˡ
ΪһУڽ춼ƷˡֲһֱԼֲԼ, ֲĸ׵λ벻硣ֲ, ʹԼĵλûа취κࡣ
ĸײǰ׺, ĸ׾Ȼ࣬Ǹ޵˲ܵࡣǸгɣûиס
īϹžβһ, ǺôͷôļӰϹŴ, ôῴԼ׼ˣҲŲӵа׺Ѫĵ͵ء
ī룬īסĸף̫Ų¡
ԳЦЦ, ͷԼɽֵĺѥһЦЩ
ʲôѵģѵҶˡʲô赲īء
̧ͷ͸ããؾӪ·һĨ׾ԼǰеĿǰ
èèСèĹֻ壬ֻҡ˵ЦЦȻֻУһѪָ⻬䡣
Ǹɫ·ģ˶ν䣬ɫӰ㽥ʧڰ
ӪȫȻ֪ڰôе񿴹ȻҲǺ֪
ʱֻɫ԰׵ĵЦŵ㣬Ȼȥô˶ߣҪȥ
áñĵĸоܺãЦĸˡ
û֪ΪǻĪĿΪĸ첲ڼϣֵ߷ȥ
Ȼǳͨġ
һǰᴩ˸󶴣ڵţһҲ˲ˡ
ҪǣҲʮĵ¶ҪŪࡣԻŶġ
صջԺƽǸˣǿɫ԰׵ı¼ţһ¾Цˡ
ô¶ʦˣŻææĿѯʣﾡǽ
û£άԪĴЩЦĲãǲ֪ôЦġǵĵǱЦһ¾Ͱ˲١
Ҳǣô˵ĴͷͿʦһ֮ά֣Ҳѵáˣġ
ȻطϢɣĪҪٲˣͻ˶ƽѾǰźˡǣ㲻صġ
ȻǺȥԼʦǺѪɫӣǻǵռϷ硣ԸϽȥϢָһ¡
ʦڣȻģʦҲˡǽһˣʣµġͼ򵥶ˡ
˵ҲúϢһ£Ԫɿݵĸо̫ˣҲûаȫСͻȻʲôƵģطĽŲͻȻֹסҲż¶ɻ
ͷͻȻһЦʲôĻʦ־ܷˡ
վߴӲ濴ͷĽƻ飬Ҳ̲ס
ҪЦˣãúصԺ¿ĹԹþҪʼԥһ̲סҪҪö鵤
ãԼָ˫ۿ˵Ҳ֪鵤ںһЩѸٻظһԪ֮ԼһһʵԪİ
οкܳʱ䡣
ţ㡣˼˵ͷߡ
̲סЦЦͻȻúܰġ
ƻʱ˫ۣ̾˿
ˣָĻͦ찡۾ʱͰͷ̽ǰ
̲סһ£ǰҲ˭Ҳ˭ʲôǣǱ˴˵ʲô㿴һ۱Ϊһͷ㿪˹ааǽ˵Ҳ˭ʹ˵עѡ֮ˡ
˵첲˸ϵĶǵָЦ
ҪԵ㶫¿ʡ

߹ʱһ䡣
¸һۡ
ɽСģͦóԵġ˵ҳ
ʲôҵģֻҪҾ͸ҳԣұ֤Թ⡣Ҳ£ЦеĿ
ֻʾԷûƨҲǲ֪ôϾ뺦ϲ
ͻȻоһʲôھӪʱķ
㣬ٻȥɡ֣¶ϵĺ
㿴Ҫͻˡο걾Ҫģ㲻ϲ㿴ͻȻЩ˼ĵϾڷһֻ׷ʵãûҲҪÿЩ
ȻֶǲһģÿʵãʵþǺÿ
Ϊʲô᲻ϲҺϲ͵ķüǺټԴɬıء
:Ϊ˵ڼѿ˰
áɫͻȻȥ߷ߵĻһ䡣
úúãҸʲôҵءǰɣ̫ϲ͸ҷˡԼǳĺƢֻԼš
ûеĻҪҿԵģءһתעˣɶģƺ󰮰
:֮ǰڼ׳Ĳ
²Ŀʼˡ
С죿
ɫԾͽС
ƺҲò̫ãڿµɫԺ
񣿡
һһЩܾá̫ϲ
ôȡ˽гָоֵǮӡƺֺ⣬ڴĿ¡
:ʵҲ뷴ԡ
ġ°á
Ҫմˣžͱˡ
߷ߵ:֪˭ôûû
:˼û˭֪Ÿء
ſ֮󣬶һ¡˳ȥȻš
һװ绹ҪɫسɹЦݡϲɫ
سҲЦſλϲЦ
ЦĸˡΪİ
سЦԽ͸￴˿ǰ¶ͱ֪ˡ
㿴ָֻɢı顰ΪҲԼ£Ҳܹ顣
֮ǰʵͶ·ˣҲûа취İץ˵¶ʵڱǸسЩΪѵĵ
Ǹ㲻øҵǸȥץЩ˵ǸСڲЦģɫǺ
оˣǸʲôáǼʱϵЩ˿ûˡ
һֱھȰŽǣҲҲһֱھֹģҲ֪ôˣЩԹġ
Թ⻰˵ĿЦˡЩǲסŭ⡰Ҹ˵Ķ˵ˣ֪ʲô˵ġһҪȰһ䣬ִԲȻԼİ취
ҲûʲôĸȦˣس˵ôЩûһҪġ
󣬿˿ĳ⡣ԾͲٷϻǾ͸ƾ°ɡ
־ˡ
οèء뵽̲סͷһ۷ţ֪Լ᲻롣
Ȼᰡ
źŸмΪƵĶԻЩð亹⾿ô£ôʵɹˣڣʵɣ
سĿҲ˷ţЦ˵˾䡰ˣġ
䣬ű㱻ƿҲűԼвˣ֮
ôвһ˪ߵԱߡ
سһ㵣ֻǣ˵ǵִԼȥ£ôܷλءϾھӪʱǺ⹫ӵġ
س˵ʱһֱĶ
سɨһȦ˵֮㲻
Ȼ̾ͽɢ㣬Լ
˲ɻûڣ±ֽͷŤ˻ȥ
Ǻôı¡ȻˣǾذɣǻԼ¶ҪȻ󣬾ֵΪ˼İϸʮʿˡ
˶Уؽɢֻء¿ǹЦЩа񡰶ˣ˹㣬Ҳλڴˡ                        
лҪ˵֪˵Щɶ˵
ллң

21

Ц, èʹĺοЦֻܸԼƴס, ƻڵա
Ȼè§úñ
, λ, תҪط£λسڿʼˡ
ȴһҲ, ԹԵĶ, ҪˣЩСϷˣûôûѧԡ
ɻ󡣡سһ仰¶һ£ʵǲòµ, ֻǾ˵񶾵󷨱֮ʩһ֮ͱ, Ϊ̫ԣҾ御Щ̫ȷ
, ־֪󷨵֮ˣĸ󷨸ԡ족ΪģοСɻꡱһ˵
ɱ˲ͷأǳңҲǰɱ, ˽Թɡû˵˴Ļɢֻصġ󷨲ֹǶֻأǶ˵ֻءڻɢǰܾʹĥ, Ǳһһɣ󷨵ֶȴֻڱԼǹĴıɱĥ
ôУԵ, ǡ
󷨵Ű̲ס̾һ䣬Ͻҡҡͷ뽫仰˦ԺԼ뷨̫Σˡ
س΢΢һٸϽŵʮʿǶ޹İǱɻ˿ʱ䣬ǿ찾סˡ
סĽȻǻɢֻˡϱ޴һ˿ۼ
Ѿ߻ԡ˶һۣʱЩȻ
ֲõʱǾβ˵Ҫǻɢǹ˽ʱвлꡣԭ󷨣Ǳ̻ɢҪʹǧٱֹ
Ȼ粻ݣҲȷʵƵϾסⲻ˽²оѰСΪϹžβĹܽӴЩҲΪ֡
ϾʵĻ˭ղĶ
㿴һۣ뻹سϾǽµģûسҲ취ʮʿġ
޹ģ仰ġ
ǣĻе㲻һ˰ʲôأ⹫ҲǮӰ
Щ
سȴϾλ¹ӿܸɳʮǴĻɢˡλλλǰسҲʵڲ֪˵ʲôá
:ʲô˼
سڣеĿ̾˿ȻԼԼ˱ˮݺݵعһڲſ˵
ЩʿɻˣǣϾͻ᳹ʧˡȻ׽ܲģǱҲ޿κΡ
ֱ󷨲֪ܵʲôӰ쾹Ȼһؼˡ
²ֹɣбڵͻȻ˵һ䡣
ǣɻ֮󣬾Ȼһ˿ѷ졣ԲɽİΧǡ
ɷЩʿĲл걻ɻɷʴڸɻˡֲð˹Ź֡ͷıҲ֪Щʲô
׽˻ᣬýʿһѡѾûʲôˣֻǾ˵Ǵδġ԰׽ͨѷץˡس˵ͷͣһ¡
ûſڣһ
Ǵĺ⣬ʮȥʮֻءôȱµ⣬ҲĳسǰɣЩʿǰɶǱĺжǳǲ徹ȻȥץػİաⲻǾ꣬µĕһۣתͷЦЦĿ⣬۾ҲѧбڵϣֻزֻأҪô
ػˣͰˡسĽһ䣬ȻԳЦһ¡ֻؾˣսɳΪΪģΪɢ꣬Ϊ˼ҲġҲȷʵǴˡҪ
سĿ¡λӣҲ˵ʮʿǶǱĺжǶ޹ģ빫Ӷһ̰ɡ
¿:˵
:˵ˡ
ֿĿسЦЦҿôϺ𣿲ϧҲǡ
лҪ˵ȻûжڿܴҲǺںûи߸˶١
ǣǺܱǸΪԼԭ
˫ҵСɰǡ
ллҵĵ

22

µЦ˵Ļ, سһ¾ͳ˹ȵףϵıĻʱһ˿ʢ
س, н㾳, ǹûɡҲǣ, Ҳ뱳ˡ, ʱ, ԼĴȻֻݱʿץһ㣬ʵ֮
µĻ˿ڣʵ̲ס, ⹫ôģѵݾôԽ
سıͲҰɫһһŪĸӻҰ, ȴǵ͵˵ţƺʲô, Ҳ˵Լ
ֻģοֵĹ֮λλʲôءֻû뵽ѻУû뵽˾
ʵһ, ȴ˲ˡ
ˡ㲻벻֪Ǻ֪˼ʬɽѪ, ΪʲôƫƫҪȥء
ǺƢ˵ţڵڸسҳһΪƽ
Ϊ̫ԸˣΪܰŪڹ֮䡣ʲôʸȥڲˣٿǵءʮʿ, Ҳ֮һ
㿴سζĹŶˡҲǡ
ſھҪǰæƾʲôأ
㱾سǼװץʱıЩøеģԴӰϵĻһУȻٵ֮һһСģܰܺøУѹ⡣
ҹʧɽơˣҲͻһˡ˵ЦⱾҪһɢɻ󣬾һ˿л깶ӲдĽ꣬ҲĥҽꡣسȴͻȻˣҲپĶˡ·һ˵š
ܸһô꣬ʹģȴҲǿֵġǶþļƣҲþ顣ôҴӲҸ࣬Ҿǣ֪ԺΪ˲ͬʲô˵¶
ڣΨһģʮʿнѣҲΨһһˡ
س˵Ϳ
ŵüȴ̲סһ£ɻ󣬽ʿǵĲлɷΪһˡô;һܾǣܾȣҪĴ۱ضСô֪ǿأ
سЩԳЦЦ㻺˵ĪˣУǱ˽ˡȻҪ֪Щʲôġ
Ŷ΢˫ۣȻתͷĿţԼһģһĶϸ߸룬ɻ²ϰɡôǿĥҲ
Ļȴس̲סĥļ£
ɢǣȻɷΪö飬ѹסº󡭡ȻܻһЩ󷨸öȴһڵġ
سԭŵͷ̧𣬿˵һ䡰ڣǾҪһѹס󷨵ʱʮʿлˡ
ͻȻЦˣ˿ǲ¡˶˵˾䡰ô˵ҲǲԡΪߣΪ˸
سʩһҲ΢΢Цһ£Ǿ;ӵĸˡ
תŵʱһֱδڵͻȻس֪Ƿ֪һأ
سζһ٣¿Ц˵Ӿأ
ûлشֻǾĿ߳Ŷδٳ
Ҳֻ°Ĵţ˱鵭Ĳ֪Щʲô
ϹȥɡͻȻûͷûβ˵һ䡣㻹Ҫúһġ
ſϰԼǰЦӦһȻһһ֣ϸĿš
´ʱûע⵽֮ƣǳ˼һڵ
㻹ǵε¶ô
㱾Ļ첲һսˣţμҸɻ¶Ǹô
¸о첲ϸ·Щ˵ĴУĻ̲סЩĵһۣſ˵
ţε޾˵˵Ļ͸س˵Ļͬ˵Ϊʲô
ҲЩȣĹעԲ档Ҹ޾˵ѣݲĻҲûʲôôֵĺҵ־Ѱ
ٴεһۣĵô¶˵˵ʱ
һֿ˵޾˵仰Ϊв㡣ķӦΪ̫۾͵ˣû뵽ͻȻŽеŵˡ
ҵķӦʲôӦ᲻֪һǰ˰ƺµĲŷ߷ߡ
ҽƵĻ̾ͳȥҵȻġǵʱҲ֪ôˣʹľ͡˵￴̲סЦͻȻع
㣬ǰɡ˵
´Ӹոż͵е㽹һ°Ͻֺõӡĺںèôҵİ
µɫ΢΢͵һЩЩЦֻϻǿž㣬ԼֻԼӵ޳֡
۾תһ£Ͻֱ壬װ˼һ£Ȼһ˵εĶԻǣδ֪Ϊʲô޶ʵеسҲΪʱǻ֪سôˣҲûмԡ
ԲУҪԤ֪ûа취ƾһˣֻѾڼе˴ˡ޾ʵġ˵Ҳٸ֣˵
ңôģΣ¶ԼܻԤ֪δûпĵĸоġһͨèôô
ҲͻȻӦûĲûʲô쳣ĸо
ǰر˯⣬ûĸоֻһζѣҲ˵ʲô˵ǸءԺٳ˵ɡ
˵ʲô˵һһʲô˺ءֹס˻ôѹ
Ҿ;Щ쳣ǿ㲻˵ȻҲ㲻Ը㿴˵ԺǧҪˡʲô¶һҪ˵һġ
õģҲһҪèκ¡

±ĻЦ
ģֻҪڣԶЦģֻҪڣʹ¡
èͻȻ˵һ䡣
ţ
ҾҶ˽̫ˣ˼ˣҪȥ·๦ˡ
š
ֻҪڣԶǰĵġ
ɵɽľӪʱȴȫǡ
Ǽȫڴ˵أǳڻ᲻ᡭѯʵ֮ףǶ˹Ͼʮɢ꣬˵ĻҲʵЩ
£Ǿܵžͺáռлǵˡ
ʦܣлףҪɾˣʮĲлһҲһʱա㿴ǰĺü˵
ʦ֣ɽҲ԰æɲлġ֮׽Ļ˵
ȴûнĻֱӸ˵ʦֲصģʦа취
ǰĺͻȻӿ׼ɢꡣ
£ʦһɢ꣬ȥȥתͷ£ûиɻ¶Ͼʵ̫аǶҲʲô¶
¿˵ͷ˵˾Сġ
Ҳǡ
ǶӪʣһһӰϯضߵĺƣұߵİɣֻмŵӪʣЩζ
سû֮תЩЦſ˵ǲǣȻôλӣֻǰأ
ΪʲôܾҾ㹻ǣֻǰأ
سЦһ£δ𻰡
תͷͬİϣϿֹ̲ס˵ʿǿɷ󷨣
ҵʦֵѾˣҼѴӦǣһ׽㡭˵ſسһۡ׽Ӧҵ¶ҲҪźá
Ȼ૵һ̫ĿǷ̫ĶԲ𡣿ǶûˣھصΪҲ꣬ȻҲݳ޵ܡ
ͬĺۼһʧҲǺõġ
üȩ̈ĺۼ֪ǻһӣ
ʱˣȻͱֱӷˣӦò֪ʱĵ۶һС
㿴سͻȻĿ⣬Ҳδ˵ƣǣ޹ҵ߲õģ
Ǿλ·ɣʿǣҶֻصġ                        
лҪ˵߱:س㡣Ϊ̫ԸΪ:
߱:س㡣Ϊ̫ԸΪ:
߱:س㡣Ϊ̫ԸΪ:
ллСɰǡ

23

㻰, ǰһһױͻȻӿȻתת, ĵӰԽԽ, ۳һԲ, ʵΪһһö顣
ֽڿеöеǰ沼˷µĻ, ббᡣ
, žӪĺѸɢЩӪҲźɢʧ
ֽöŽ鱦Уתڿն, ڵķ
ʦܡ
, Σ
վȱӭеʺ
һ׵Щʿôǿһ, תͷʵ
ѾսƿˣֻôĲл꣬ʦа취ɻôǡ㻹Щĵ˵
ʦСʦܲܵôôͻȻʼˡ
:ǶԼ⣬Ƕ⡣²һֱΪĿܵɡ
ԼͻȻʲôЩȵĿ㡣
㱻е㲻, ôʦ֣л㿴ҸҲһֱôŵ
ǡУҡҡͷ, ˵ԼʦܲС
ͣĪҪǿʦһֱڡ˸ʵĴǡ
㡰ŶȻͻȻЦֻġллʦ֡
֮׵:ܲܲҪôЦġ
춼˰, ǿȥɡ³˼˵Ρ
ĿɰЦð߰ɡ
µɨһۣȻѾתߵļ
ȴԭش˸ôúе䡣ͷһۣû˾ӪĿյһƬ
ιǵȵҡ
ʦ֣Ǿò̫Ծǰ΢һԴ˵۾ȴֱֱĶǰ档
ǲ̫ԣڲлգɷããȴ˿ûҪ˵ļ󡣡
׵ĻҲſǰûüش㴫
˵ͷ˵ҶСһ䱸
µ˾䣬ȷǷ
أء
ȻʵܵͣǻشȴޱȺĲҪº˵ҪСô
û֮ǰ̸ո׷ºȻŸϽӦţ̲סЩ
ϾոЦôʵĳһ۾ŵʧȥЦ˰
Сġ
Ӧ֮İ޷Զӿ˹
µĻֱǰһöϮɵٴվʱʹɫ˲ͳ
˻վĶ˺󱳵˿̲ס˿
ͦ㿴ǰ͵ϮɹԭصצϵѪӰ

ʦܡ
ѸΧߣ¿˿ڻΣյϢ
׵ݸһöԪϽ¡
ٳǰ
ʱ֮Щǣʥ֮һ׻ô
˸ոԶԺעһֱϡֱʱſǰ͵Ϯľֻ׻ʱͫ׼
ʥ޵ǧȴ˿δɼǺεȻԻ͵սǰǰ׻Ļ½գˡ
ΪǸûһս֮
ôʱû㶢ǰνİ׻ʵ
ûУѵʦܸʱˣЩȵķʵ
ǹһаɡһˣܲǽǡǰ鷳ˣܾͲƽȥˡ
һУ֮׵ɴ۾ǰݲƵİ׻
Ӱѣôʥ֮һİ׻ǳ׿ⶫıʣ˵ˣôģǰ׻
ʦܼ׻
ûаʥһǧǰɽʧˣôܼһ׳յģ˵ס

˵Ϊء
ûô֪Ǳôġ
̲סػ
͡󰡡Ҳɡ㿴ǰ¶ǰɫӰž͸˵èƵġ
뵽̲סתһȦȻèҪÿˣǣÿܶࡣ
²תͷ˲һı鿴Ӱ
̫ɶˣߣ͵Ϯ
İ׻ӰͲͷˣƵƵͺ𣬴źצӲͣڵץš
ʹôķϻ˵˼ҳҪǿ˶˺ˡص㣬˵˳λ
̾˿Ÿһδ۵˵
£㱣ʦǡһսǲɱˡ
ȴס㡣
ʦ֣ͺá
ǡ
һ
ʦ֣Ҹһҵû¡ֻǲ֪лûΣգСĽ䱸
СʦȻϻ࣬ţһףο¹°Σ
˵ͷҲҪСģ˵һԡ
ܵµٻǰ׻Ӱ׻̧ǰצҪ£û뵽ȴ˲ı䷽ͷЩͷƤ
׻ӰŭһעδӦԪ֮״ֱײ¶ĸ
׻ӰƺһԽ꣬ǰצбǣֱ㡣ʱҲͬצӭۿҪײϡǰ׻Ӱȴı˷Խٴץ㡣
㿴Խ˿Ȼ·˫۽Ű׻ײ˹ȥ
Ϊƴʤİ׻ڱײʱԻһ㶣Ȼӵķŭ
ܣԼôڡһࡣ
ʱüͷ᲻ɼһ£ײ׻ʱ˿̲סĵ:Բۣۡ
̧ͷʱȴһЦݵĵһͦʵ
Сġ
ʦܣ£Сġ
ڳĿͷԮͷҲûص˰֣ʾԼյˡ
׻ŭһ߹һ㲻òԪ֮ѹסɢ
ʹ˸ɫ嵽Ӱǰһ߿Ԫ򶷣һԪ֮Χʩѹ
ǰ׻ȫȻΧɧţһսⶼ
²׻Ϊɫĵ΢Уͫ׳Σա
ɻĽޣڰ׻׻һѹһضҲͲõԪ֮׻ʩѹ
ڰ׻õһ˲䣬ȻĲӣڰգ˫ֽץŽֱ׻ӴȻ
ֻǵڵ˸һӴϰ׻ϢɢȻҲʧ
ԭֻʣһڰյģʺѪ
㿴ǵѪŭյ۾Щ죬׻׻Ѫʥް׻Ѫ
ǣôĵӡ
ճȭ˫̲סЩ΢΢¼״æصԡ
㡣
Ϥ˿û£ǵѪӰɡ
ǵѪҺȴأɢİ׻֮ȸոǰ׻ӰҪǿ
ǿѹеŭ󣬴鱦óһƿӣȫȻѹӰ죬ֽѪнƿ
ˣܵˡתͷЦеĿˡ
¶Ȼû˷Եġ
ˣˡ߰ɡ
Ũʧɽٴλָ
̫Ҳոպõ𣬱ͨĳϼڳ˼£ԵޱȲá
лҪ˵߱ɣس㣩Ϊģ
߱ɣس㣩Ϊģ
߱ɣس㣩Ϊģ
Ҫ˵顣
УȡղصλٲҪˡ
СɰǣдĲһҪ˵һҪᣬһģҲһֱŬ
Ҫ˰
ҲܣҾҪղأۡ

24

ллʦллʦ
ɰ, ɰ
ллɣллɾǣ
ǵһܵҵļеӭ, ָо, ͦá
ǲôķҪµĻ, ôķҪǸֶĻ
ôȰҲûã˷Ҫʾжʱ, ӻ޾Ŀջ
һš
ʦ, ţ
޾ָͬм֮ӭ
ϣ״˲ĵ¼ϡˣ˿ۣҵϢ
޾򸾱仰һֹס˽Ų, ˲, ǡ⣬ʦ
û, Ϣһͺã㲻Ҫ˴ǡ°뱧㣬˷䡣
޾æӦá
һأ˲
֪ʦΣЩҶЩˡȸµ˱, ȻԼҲһһںſ
˵ҪϢ, Ȱˡס˼ſϵ㣬ˡ
ԼɵЦһȻŹԹÿʼ
̲סͷ:򶷵ʱûǵͷ, ôеɵء
ȴһٶŵһµɴ˫ۣŵĸѶƻ˲Ųһض
ҲеŵˣŻǵ˵ôӦ˿ûУ
ţеۡ
ôһ˵뵽Լ󱳻˿ڡ
ڵܲþȡж˰ȻСèԽԽ죬ԽԽ࣬ɲС
ţΪǿ
±Ŀ⿴Щë
ۻϿϢҸءҪҰϵҩ𣿡
ͷ㣬ͻȻʲôƵҵҡҡͷ
Цôſҩ
¿ģһ¾ֳʲôأ㲻ᡭ
ǵѪӦúʺèɣϾͬΪ壬ͬΪ...èơ
ǵѪΪ˸ôһ±תעŵЦҲɿǳǳЦš
ǰȻҪǸûáĻ˷ˡȻҵèġ
Ӧʥް׻ľѪɣèˣһҲ϶ǿġЩе
ʲôû̫Ӧʲôǿ壿
պãˣǽʮлҲЩա
һμʱ˻⡣
ˣһûءʮʿл㾿ô죿
׵ıǣߡ
ȻǸ˭˭£ǱϾҵ
㲻ǡ
Ȼ˵Ҳ˿𡣡
ʹռУװװ¡
:װұͺܿ
ٴα㶪°ĵĬĬСʦԺҲǵСʦˡ
ٴα˵ĥľƣػصջʱҲͬˬĳ˷š

ⳡеʶ
ʦˣúЪϢһ齻ʦܾͿˡ

ԻǲҲеʶ
ʦˣ
ܲģǵùһµġ
ˣˡҲԼЩڨЦ
ȷǸֱӣ̲סʦˣĿˣһ磬ǳǺȣǡ
˵ʶʲôһŵɫ˵
˻иֱӵء
ֳֺȻãʲôһתЦʵ
˰֪˭ͷ˵ΪҪŮ޸ʦ֮֡׽׵Ļ˵ȫȻûпԽԽڵɫ
͵͵ƲһЩεʦ֡ĺ¶أʦи˰
ĺ¶ʦȥΣ
һֺԺ˲١
ȣ
ҸոոʦԪѯ⸽ڤ֮صĴ㣬ʮлֱȥڤ
һ
Ȼһѻ⳶˹
ʦܣڤĪ⣬ֱӴ룬»Σաкν֮˵
ʦ֣ǣҸ¡ǻʦŸͿˣ¶˶Σա
ǡ»ǲ̫ģڤ粻һǶ⣬һз
Ѿʦ˵ˣʦͬ˵ˣҴǺΪôͺΪˡʦڤ֮صĴ㣬ô˵ģ
㵱Ȼ֪ô˵ģҲûش𣬶ֱ˵
ɽΪʲôɽأǴ˳Χɽ廷ƣΪΧһƽɽڤ֮صɽԴ˳ɽΧ¹ʳΪɽ
ԭ֪ҴڤĴǸô˵ͱʾҷȥ˵ˣʦôҲǵɵ۷Ĵڡֺαڤλ
:Сӣʲô˼ǵƴʵƴǸʵôҾҪΪ˼Ҹˣѿҽ˵
:Ҳҽ
Ȼ˼Сġ˵ЩĵǧҪСģ³ç
ڰѷƿڵĲл꽻ʱ˾䡰Сȥ㡣
ݸһãȻ
˵ΪŲڤλ
ֵݹȥһв:ʦĪǻȥ״ɣһɷ˰ֻҪȥҰᣬҿֻʦһˡ
סҾôһ˵
ȵ׵ļ
Զ׵ʦֵܡ
:ͲСʦˡ
˷ֱˣԪ˵ƽɽ
ҪһЩ⣬ɽûʲôͬ»ִ򿪵ǰ֦ߵ˵
ҵǲô䣬èǱȽаɡЦŰǰô
ʲôô
׻ѪԺ󰡡
ðɡ

ѵûЧš

¿ΪԼ仰ЩƵģֿ˵Ҳ֪һֱǰҲǳʲôݶû̫ĸолģܸеԼǿҲǰǿˡ
أ
壬ȻҲǿ˰

Цĺܿĵӡ
¿õЦݣ΢˫˵Ҽǵĳ˶ǵѪƺİʧأ˵ò˴κ¶ģĳ˵ڶֻδᰡ
㡰ûҲ˵ǵѪİ׻֮Ӱҵ
㶼ȫȻǰ׻ѹӰ죬ôᱻϢӰأ
˵ɫЩȥ»ȥʵģƴڻľˡͻȻһʣôһ˵;ǲ򵥡
㣬̫˽ˡ
㿴̾˿˵ʵҲû㣬ȷʵǵѪӰҵ
Լŭ׻ľѪȻ;
ɫЩҲ˿µϢ
ʥ֮һİ׻ôԼľѪأ׻һҲ˰ɣһҲúίɡ
˾Щۡ
ʶ׻
ǲʶʧȥǶμʶɣǾúܸͬܡ
˵һһѡ֮Ӱɣ׻йϵ
ҵԲǸǵģµϧûֳ仰ѹȥˡ
쵽ˣɷˡ
:תƻҲǸǵġ
ţСġ
èҲǡ

25

, ǵģ¡
һһӰɫĴɽ, , Ǻ, ʱסĶ
èǿǹ˽ڤ֮ˣ
ĴŴԵ
һ仰ʵЩ, ĴȵĻʵ
Ԫ񻯽Ľô
ǡ
Ǿ, в̫һڤûʲôӦðգ, Х
̰ӡ󡣡Ļ˵
ʲôӡ󣿡
:ѧĹִ, Լ̫ˡ
ѵΧЩɷô
ûлش⣬Ƿʵ
ͦصġ
ⲻ, ڤ֮رǻĵطȻǳɷǣɷĵطǶ˵֣ڤϲȻӪˡһСӵ˵
, Ҳ֪ЩΣյ˫ѵõû˵ºµ֡
ֻû뵽ڤ˾Ȼϲ֮ѡ¶˵
СèıֺΣհ, Լ̫ˣȥԺ󶼲ء
µľԼһȵͨ졣
Ҿǣ˵һ롣
Ķ㿪һûһķɿ
š
ˣå
˵ġ
¼״Ρ
ˣ
ʱ, ͻȻһЦ֮Щա
:Բֻۣһ˵Ѱ㣬˵
㵱Ȼû˵Ц˲͵ǰķȵ
˭
ͬʱԪ֮ҲͬһЩգšȻûע⵽ˡ
˽ţֻڴЪѡλо͵֮£ǲ
⣬ᵭһ˿
Ȼֲˡ
㣬ˣ
֮Ӱ

͵˴ʲôҲ̫ˣһûסٱ͵ʲô
ǣԭ¡
´ʱҲʮСģߵԸһŽŲ߳Ӱ
һɫۣЩ԰׵ɫȴڵüë촽Щ졣
òǴŶǼߵģƫƫһ񣬵ڹ͵ǡô
̲סһɫŶԷȻûϲʲôΣյԤС
ǣǿ¡ĸ֪ⲻѰڤ֮أȴһ˿Σա
οܵųǰЦӯӯˣ׼ȷ˵ˡ
ҿûòˡ˵ĵطЪӵҲǺ¡Ļص
ܿԣ²С
ɨʱһĨһݵķ·ûгֹ
ʱڰĿתµ˵
̸ȷʵǸڡĵط¶ԣӦ˶ѡ
ڤ֮صġˡ
֣һ¡
ӵҲֶһ¡
㻹ûлش𱾾ء
ŶӶ仰ʾɻı飬üظһ顣
˭
ЩʧЦ
ԭʲôˣȴʲôû䡣
ڤһˣ嫡
ͬʱһͬһĻһЦŵǰ˫ֱȭĺˣƾǰĳЩ濪ʼص
ˣͦеġ
ͬûԳ嫵ϲΣգ²һûоųˣȻҲûκζĺøС
֪λ·ڤλ·󡣡ǴЦ˵
á
á
ͬ¶һۣͬʱЦ⡣
Ų㣬һμ棬Ϊξ˺ġ
Ȼ˵
λ֪ڤֻأꡣÿ첻ĻǶҪһ⣬ÿ˶æòɿҪҸ·ǶҲˣǲɶñء嫻ǿ˵
ŶôæΪʲôôУǴ٣ǣͬض
˵ЦˣȻΪȷʵҲʲôʲôҲá
ЦЦ
𣿡
Щѹסġ
ǣ嫴
Ŷϴ˭νڤģȤʵ
ӵľͷڤĳǹʱش
ӣǴ˵κŵ
³ʡ
ûλҪκžˡɽµ˳£ͿԵﳯǹ
º͵Ц˵
ͬЦ˵л嫹Ӹ֪ˡǡ
˵ҪɽѰ
Ǹ˭Ǹģڤ֮кݡ
ʮл꣬ͨɲ˵ģֻȥλڤˡ

Цλ嫵ͷһͬɽȥ
ȷҪҰæô
񰵵Ŀ˵ıӰ˵
ǰڤԼȥҾͿˡֻǣǵ˳ǹԺǹҲڳĻ嫹Լźá
ͣΣȴδͷ˰ִЦ˵
İһ»ĵųЦ⡣
һ
һֱǰУֱԶĻˮ²ƵĿڡ
Ҳϲ
ҿˣΪϲҡ
ʲô
˵ҿˡ
ôģ
èôһ۾Ϳ˰ҪèĻ
û˵ͱ´ϡ
ôϲģ
ͣİҵ̬Ȳ̫һ
ԵͻȻˣȻ۲˵ϰ΢ӿʱ
Ŷ˵ҲǸ˼˵Ĳϲֻ֮ϲ
ǲҲ֮ϲô

ƽĿ˵仰ʱָ˵£ûһ˿
Ŷˡ
ӿЩƲסԼֻ˵֮תȥ

ţ
¾ԼһԴżˣŻ˵Ļ
һ£ǿƽķ·͸ˣĽֲ֪Ӻ˵
еҲһ
ƽ޲峺׵ĿĴӣЩظǰĻ
ֱЦʶЩʲôҲһЦ
Ц˵۾ǺÿĶǡ
Ƿһƽ峺أ˭ҽǰͬڶΪһ̸ء
վֻǼڤ֪䷱ƽȴ֪ɹǣӿҲǡ
ͻĸ̾ЩΪָоˣһ֪Ĺȥ֪Ĺȥ֪ĶҪˡ
᲻Ҫ᲻ʧȥ㡣
ʶλ嫹ô
ʶ
ֻǾ㣬ƺ
ΪŹҵ
㴹Ӳ֪ϵĺδ
׻һֻĸо
ǣǻǵܲһ
ûлش⣬Ƿʵ
㻹ǵǲ
µ˵ͷ
ʡ
ôشģ
˵ǡ
˵ͻȻӦ
ڤһֻС
ǲһһ

26

羰ӱ±߱ߵ˵ʲô
ô˵, Ѿˡ
˵꣬Ŀı仯
άڤֻ·, ֻ·һͨ, һ֮塣ڤ֮, Ψһǵģ¾ڤ֮վڤ֮ڤˡ˵
㿴һ羵ԼЩɥɫ, ǿЦЦƺһˮʱ˻ȥ
, ˣ㻹Ϊˮ㿴һﲻ֪жԩʹΪ, ҲСġ
ܻĳһͨ, ʵôǲʶľͰ
Ǻ, 
Цʲô
ƫƫ˻Цſ⡣
èôء˴Ϊ
Ҿǣֻǿѣġ
ˮʲôÿġ
ǰ˵Եʯӳһ˵ǰ
Ҳʯˮ̲ס
, 뿴ǸǷʶ¶ô
èûи˵, Ҹ˵ҿܾɽĵ۾ô
ţš
ƭ
:
ҾҺпǵġЦһ½˵
׻, ڤܸЩͬʱйϵ˵ϵͦˣܾɽ۾˰ɡ
ֻɽ۾ˣ֪ɽ֪ɽΪʲôʧ֪ΪʲôǲһǰǴǽ֪
˵̾˿
ƣæǲһһӽôοôһܷɽģʱյײͶ⿪ˡ
̾˿èֻЩˡ
ԴƣĻһµ񱻶һƵۡ
Ѫ
ԴӵһɽԼһֱ⣬
϶ľƣɡ

ۡ
èҲô
·ĻҲǺۡ
һ̾Ϣڤǲвôﶼнս硣ôϲ·
˵¡èұϣұˡ
:
ãҲ̫ۡ
ոա
ֻǣΪˡµͷԽ˵Խ͡
ֻܴյǰ˵ĻʱžЩ̫ԡ
ôˣè
ǲҲǵΪʲôǻһΪʲôһֱôãΪʲôҪˣ
԰ǲǵá֪ҪˣҪãҪܺúܺãҪõĶ㡣
ǣǡǡ㲻֪ĹȥҪ᲻ᣬԺҲã
ǺǡһοµĺµģȴЦôġ
ǡڳԴ
᲻᣿شҡ
ᡣ
ô֪㲻᣿
Ҿ֪ҲᣬǲڳԴף
ô֪
ȥɾȡ˰
㿴˲ֹ˿ڣȴΪߵСè
ЦȻèĻȡҲûϵΪҶϲ㡭ǲڳԴף
ǣôǣ
ǵĻҾͻܿİǣͲǰɡ
Цûκα仯ֻ۾˳ԡ
Ժһ֤㿴ģҪҡ
š
ԡ
¡
ҪԶҪһֱǵҡ
á
㡣
õҪĴ𰸣ִһ·˳µš
ôû˵ж೤
쵽ˡ
š
ȷʵǿ쵽ˣɫǺܺõĿԽӽڤĳǹԽɫԼǵˮʱʱֵĺ
ڤˣƷζͦء˵
ĵط续˼졣Լסĵطȴ㰵յĵ󡣡
¾ĿǰһУҲѧ̾˿ֽ˵
嫹ӿҲͦİôİáô˵Ļ᲻Ѱ찡Ͼλڤ̫˵
ʵڲеĻֻһɫˡ˵

ѧԽԽ³ˣè
һɱͻһһ
ȣǻǰװ·
ֲǵá
ǵò͵ˡ
˵֮ǰҲ֪һйȥǲǻкöͽ˼ҵ
²Ŀ˵ǣǸڤ
ǰͽᣬôı˼ңҲ
һΪ
ΪҪԼûáڤһϲġ
ԭʹˡ
ȻȻʮĲл갡Ϻһҵģ˵ôʱȥһһ޸ɻרŸڤ˵Сһ׮ˡͷͿˣСæ
¿һЦеĺģ˵ţü˵ŻͬʱԾЩš
ԭͰһжˡÿһ˶ϣÿһ¶ĸá
ºվһֱԼԼҲһֱվߡ
㵱ʱΪʲôس˵̲סί
˵ʲô˵Ҳ̰ͼǵ飬Ҳ̰ͼ󷨡ֻǵʮʿʧ˼סҵĺã
ûбҪο˭˵Ҳͼġƾž˲Ǹãŵġ
µƤգһۡ
ڵˣô˵һ·Ҳʻˡ
Ȼǹ֣ôеСء
ĵˡ
´Ź壬ʵϾǸĴԺ¥ĸۡ˵
ĩ˻̲סһ졣
ôûī׵ĸۡݻء
ôī׵ĸۡݻôèסĿɻ
˵ͦġ
۾ųǹ˵û˵ĵ治徻塣
˵֮󣬻ĵļ˸ʺƨ֮ڣĵطҶס
ЦţһŶԵɫȷǻҵһ
Բۣ˵ĻˡϷˡ趼Ǹ˭ѧģǲһֱһ
ȻͻȻʲôƵ:Īǡ
֣Ҳе:Ǹѧĺߵʱɬһֻ
߰ɣλڤǺηʥ
㻹õһģ
ǰȥյɫĴǰžԶԺĵһ¥ǰͤһӰϥǰɢĲˮ
λһ·ˣȺȱ裿ͬţͬ紺ЦݣͬԣͬĿֻһϡ
ͬģݶѡ
嫹ӣڤ
˻һ·ȷЩˣˡڤˣǾȴ֮ˡ
˲߽ͤһԭǰȲ衣Ѿϸһ
㿴ǰЦһ£ȻҪұȥһ¡ȻҲ˵һ䡣
ڤˡ
嫿ĶЦһȻұϵȲϢĳǰ
ֻǿλ߱˵һ·š
˵ͬʱ΢ӣͷЦΣû͵
ǣһǰʧ˷ִ硣
лҪ˵:ղء
:ղرŶ
:ղء
ллпĵСɰлΪͶƱӪҺСʹŶ~
л[ӪҺ]Сʹ
һ~~ɫ 5ƿ
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ

27

ڤ֮, κεطκֻҪһֻ֪Ϊ뵽λʱᵽ, Բλ˵, ⡣
嫿Цһ, ûͲˡ
üЦһ˵
Ҳûʲô, ֮ĥһЩȤˡ
˵һ·ȷʵЩ, ոպ˿ڲˮ仰ûȥ
ǿȥʱҭʹȵĿ㣬˵Ż
, ʲô˼
ӦЦ˵˫
嫿Ц
תͷЦŽ˵, 
ڤ, λʦ¡ʱ·һλԳΪ嫵Ĺӡȫλǲҵڤҡ
˵ͣһ£ЦӯӯĲŬĿ鿴ڤ˵
λ˵ڤǫǫӣ¼磬λĻ²֮ˡһ鴫
㲢δȽ⣬ǹװɵĺһ
ڤűвˮ, ЦǺ˵˵
㣬㡣
ʱǧ, ٴ֡
ĺܺá
λ嫹ӹˣƶֻϲ񡣡
ڤ˵űϵ̲סᣬĿԾɿ˵
, ܵλ嫹ۣΪϲ˶еǫǫӰɡ
ڤ飬Ϊ尡
ҲøͶԵ
ܺã仰ݵĺܺá
ڤҿϣ
ʵҲøڤһʰֻǡ
ڤ:˵㾭ôҲȫ޺ô
񣬾ҲѧĻίһЩҲ֪ƨˡ
Ŷ֪̾
Ǳ󣬿ڿڤ֮־òڤôõˣֵ˭ʲô
ڤЦ
㽫ɽ龭Ժ󣬣Ȼ󷨸£˭֪˵Լܲסֱ˵
Դ˷ǰȻڤʮлꡣ
ڤЦ
㡰
ϿЦʲô˼ֻ˵˵ѣԲȥʲôɫ¡
˿ڣȻǿԵġ
㿪ĿڣĪ˵ʮл꣬ʮ꣬Ҳδɡ
ֻǵɽ۾㣬ۺʱء
Լʲôˡ
㡰ڤȻĻ¡
:ô򵥣
Ļ£ԱĻ¡
:ǺǡĻ
ھͽʮʿл꽻ڤɣҲûص
һκϺء
ڤˡ
ƿڤǰϡ˵ˣǾ͸ˡ

ڤһ۷ƿȻĸءʮл껹Уζɵã
һȴ΢Ц
ڤǺ⣿
ڤ̧ͷһְۣĿǰķƿϡ
ƿʮл꣬Ҳǡ߽Ϸɶɵá
ŵķۡ
аڤȻȻûйҵƨ
ϣҪ˵Ҷˡ
鱦óö飬̯ڤǰöϣɻĲ󡣡
ڤöͻȻǳǳһЦȻѸȡˡ
㣬󷨲Ķ
㲻֪ô£ܾڤʱЦе֡
֪󷨾ӡö֮ϣ飬ȻҪЩʲôġ
ڤһ֣鲻ˣȡ֮һССʯ䵶ûİƴ󡣵ɫĵϹâתͬɫ˿ߴдγ鶯ա
:ԾͲˣҲǰɡô͵˻Ļˡ
뿪˵ҪǾԼӦĬĬؿžͺá
Ҳֻͬǿţδȥȡ䵶תڤϣԴЦ⡣
ڤҲЦ˵£ֻԸó
Ҳعںãǧ֮վߣҲꡣ
СĴţԪ֮ûĴϣֻʱڿмǰжѡ
ڤ֮أնе泩
èעⲻɡô𣿡
˫ԺŶתͷͬ˫ֵ˵
:ֵֹܾġ
˼ҶշɶɣСٲõҲз裬еġ
˵
ǲ

:
ʲôء
ʲôʲô񫣿Ҳ



Ǹڤ￪ʼһֱˡ
Դˣתſ쵽ǰ˵
ǡ
˵ǡ
ĸˣ¸ɴԴóһ첲۾ϣøֹĲĸо
ֻǡµԵ˲١ֻ룬Ҵû͹ʲôһֱڸʲôҾȻû뵽Ҳ͸ʲô˵Ҳûʲôܸġ
㿴ŽߵΪ˵ͣŵ촽˿ȻѸٻƽ˲ſڡ
ƿһİҶˣ˵ˡͺԼ͹ˡ
оɻԼߣ˲ģȻҲ֪ԼڴЩʲô
Ѹ첲۾ÿΪͻȻ̼˫ۡǰЩʵľɫʹ˵һ䡣
Ҿ͹ˡҪ
Լ仰һȴװ򶨻ص
أ
´ʵ˵
ӵһֱİǲڰο
˵ͻȻͣ£ɽľӪǾġҡ
仰һ̾˿ͻȻֹס̲סʵ
ôˣè
µЩҸ˵ġ
²һͣ£ﲻ֪ô¶˷ܸвðôѹҲѹס
ţ
˵ļ죬䡰š£ڹ
ҼǵҸ˵ֻҪҪȻʲôԸġ

аа仰һֱѹŵиͬɽ緢
ҪֻСè֪֪Լ𣬶ҺпԷٵʱ
ͻȻҲѧͷ쵽ǰӶѹϣȻ֣ص˵һ䡣
ǡ
۾ȻĿ䵽Լոմѵĵط
ȥͬʱҲѹ˻ȥ
²֪ԼҪȡţֳԼ
ҪʱԻһĶͷĶͷͬڴ
è𡣡
Ϊ̫һ˵㴥¸ոձǵķ촽
ٴθоʱûϴһŹӭͷֻţû뵽ȴ˷ܵš
ֱΪ̫飬ʧأϴʹ̲סͺһʱſŹ
ȻֻΪķŹ
µһͺߣݻеǡתµĲһ£ΪԼڵĴŴһʱ̲סҧһڡ
̲סٴʹߵͬʱҲЩΡ
ȴ֮˵߼ԽԽ˷ܣҲ̲סĴӳ̽ȥ                        
лҪ˵ϣղѽ

28

տһŴȶķ, һһӰš
ֻǣ㴭Ŵ̽ȥʱȫе, һ˿зɴ
ʧظ˲侪, ƽʱȻ㲻ʲôԼ״̬, УơԼȫʹһ˿
㶼֪µĴʲôʱʧġֻµľʱ, ˣåʶĸϽ, ǰǻָͬʱһŴ³, Ƚס
ɫǺİͷŤһ, öϷһֱĿ⡣
ô̫ˡ
ҾȻԪûĲһڿмеĴ, ȻΪ̫Ͷ޷Ԫ֮´ʧˣȻûֱģϡ
Ҫģġ
Ϊʲôᷢ
¸ɴһգΪܶιա
۳ĿֵСôҲزסЦ⡣ḧһ²ҧ, ͻȻϢĴյ˵
ҪҪҸط

±ŵ۾һ, ֽץ㻹ԴԱߵֱۡ
ҪȥֻڶЦѸٰͷŤһ߲ŵͲŵ˵Ȼȥ, ȥԺڡ徻塣
Цһºߵĺĥ˰̣ΪСèҲ̡
סµ°ͣתһԵԴתԼ±ǿŤʱ۾ЩãȻ̲ס촽£˵
ãǾ͵ȣȻص徻ʱ򡣡
һԣȻ˱Ūҵ
ȫ̲ҿȴʱʱ͵һۡ
º߿˴ʱž÷Щ
ָֻ˸ոɢƣȻŸ֮ǰ޲ͬЦġ
èҺܿġ
Ҳǡ
˵磬ٽһʱͻȻý겻Щĵ
ȴŲϻҧ֧֧˵룬
ְڲϵĸ첲Ȼֻ۶Ĺսһۡ
סҲνСèҪסĻҲǿԵġ
ЩԹ£㻹ʩԼĳݺ
ѽһһ֮˿˵
վԭЦЩŵĶ
ֻһڣĸоɵģһŵĽǰķ¶档
߰ɣȥʦ˼ҡè˵òͦġ
š
һ˵ģںɽĺߵ㡣
˼ûڵϣǾͲ֪ˡ
ʦͽʦ
¼
ͬʱʩһ
ʦôɽˣ
£ǰ㶼ˡӲδش⣬ͷҲûص˵
ΪʲôΪҪ˰һʶġ

յǰҲһϸţȻɻ˵
㣿ʦջôأ
ˣСʲôöģʲôҸġڳӲˣԼܷˣòʦ˼ˡ
ʦ㣬
Ϊѵõɫ΢ÿһǻŬıһҺܲˬӡ
Ȼ
ʦʦͽһ͵˵ٶԼͽܡ˵ǲΪ˱ô
šתҪѵʱɨ˰һۡһ¾ֹ˻һ
һȣʱ
վԭҲ֪Լõͷ̧ͷǸü˵ʲô
ЦŴյӸǰʦʦǸ˵˰ɣʮлҶˡ
ˣڤͬæģ
ӻϰʣһ־ͻش
ǡ
ӷ˵ͣΪĶӶʹ浴һĳĬţƽϣı顣
̽Ľһ
ʦ
˵ᱻܵġ

ѵͶ˺
ûʦȡֵָ𣬶ǿʵ
ʦǰǳ׼Ϊʲôǰһ֪Ҵ¹ȻǾβɱʮʿ
˲£еĻ𣿡
㣬:
:ʦ˵ʲôԡ
:ʦ˵ʲôԡ
ûȥʲôı飬ԹԵĽ˵
꣬ΪʦҲŵһͬɽʱҲŸոս֮λ˺ֶ񶾵ȻǸ
˵бһǶˣ˵һ䡰ǣʱȷʵܣҲΪʦڡȻ

ص̾˿ʹĽ˵ǸϵʱʳѾһƬ棬µ޴ڵšӤͯˣûһܹѣȫ̵ķʽǸǰ޾ʹ־塣
ÿһʬ嶼Ť״ı顣
Ϊεıߣŵĵ硣ûзһԣ·ʱûмʱϵ
Ϊʱý縲ʳǣû©һֱʳǳʧȥĺֻ֣Ŀꡣ
ŭֱʹĸţʹʱȴֻʣһߺʬ塣
˵ӿǶһۡ
ңѾǾβһˡ
¶һۣȻ˵
ţǸϵĻ￴ǸβΪ˸һ𣬷˾βһݣԶһβ
ͻȻЦЦζĿ㡰ϵĻ䣿Ǹλβľ
ͬʱȻֲõʱǻʱܾЩĲԡ
ϵ֪鶼ΪʲôҪȻҲᵽˡسࡣ
ô¿ĥĵطɾ̫ˡ
ӿһѾı飬˵ȻΪǿ
صĵȻͣһ¿Ц˵һϣһ
ǣĸأµһγʵ
ǵʱѾˣ˴ݻ˴ͷĺۼûиһ˿ֻǲ֪ߺӵ˸ڻʳǲ½ǷΪͬһˡ
޹
²ȵĿӣ̲סʵһ˿׼޹𣿡
ӿԵ
Ϊβ޹֪Լʲôһδ̥ûа취ѡԼĸףһճӤԼˡԱƣԱơ
˵̲ס̾˿
ֻǡ
ʱΪʧ٣ӦõΪֹˣ˭֪ɽַ£ߺӵĸǲ½ĺпͬһˡȻл꣬ôʮʿ
£ܲưոݰɡ
üʵ
ΪΪλн־档

29

粢ڰˮ, ԺǵȻǵһʱ֪ͨ, ȴ˵ǺѾ, Ҳ硣޹ء
Ȼһ֮, ǵϾҪػȲ̫̫ǿӲȻǻͿ̿
ֺγֵ̫, ŵ̬, Щ⳥ʲô⳥ƽеķߺޡ
˵ֻһµ֮ǵ, ʹ˳׽񡣡
˵ô, Ҳˡ
һƻѾõķı
㿴ŵе˸еɫ֮ͣ˵
˵, һϵı
Կһۣ΢΢ĶһȻ˵
ҲΪǱ֮ˡ־棬ֻ˵ʵһŰ
˵ͷ϶˵ӵ˵
۵岻Ļ֮, Ѿ¡ңȷʵǺ˷
˵ü, Щ˵
ɽΨһħƾеĴڣɽѾʧǧˡڤ֮£ħҲвħע⣬ôɽʧŰ֮Ʒ, Ϣģ
Ŀһۣ˵
˭˵ڤ֮ز£ʮлڤԸôӦæȻЩԭǲǣ

ӵʣԶôɱ
:ȷʵǣڤ׵İæĸˡ
Ŷԡҵ齻ġ
ʦ˼ǣ
ҵ˼ǣڤʼˡ˵ɨһ㡰ΪĳЩΪ֪ԭ򡣡
㡰ȣǺ¶
Ǻ¶ħô׶Ըɽʧô¶Ѿʧǧˣǧħʲô׼Ϊʲôħôûһ¶Ұ֮٣
Ҫǣɽ罫֡ħʣµĽƽҲᱻˡʱ򡭡
ûȵ˵꣬žͳ
ɽ罫֣ǵ紫ȥķô
üͷһۣбˡ
ܺܵòˡ
ûûӵǷỰƮƮ˵һ䡣
ħҲϢˣɽ罫ֵϢ

ðɡ
ֺõӸǰ˴ա
ʦҪˡ
Цһ顣
ǵͽİ

ðɡ
ɽһҪҵģҲһҪġ
δҲãӵħҲգһһ̤飬һһ߳ԼƵ
ڵϵħֻ֣รˡ
뵽һֱĬŵСè˿ڿˮ
ֻԶģԹԴԼ߾ͺˡ
˳ĬУͻȻʲôƵ̾˿

鿴Щѹ˵ʦͽͻȻúġ
:
ҲȵĿ㣬ȷǵġǣôˡ
ͽôѩٷ磬֮ˣ֮ӵѡ֮ˡ
:˾ͰԼһٿʲô
ȴԽԼԵԽģ̲ס̾˿˵
ͽȻŪڹ֮䣬ͽͽͶˡߣͽɽһУпܶǱƺõġ
㱯ߵĿ˵
ʦܵô
:
ܵô
:ô벻ףⲻſô
ҿ۰Ψһͽ
:Ҳȷʵ򲻹˼ңֻܿˣͽΪ˸Ϊʦһӣɡ
Ҳ˵Ϊʦһͽ
:
ʲô˼˵Ҳûб˿۰ô
ǻҪͽӵĵӳ԰ο
ͽĪҪģԼԼȥһǡһţֺʱˡ
㱻ӯ
ʦ仰ͽ
ȻҪǶħɶľͲҪԱʦˡΪǿܣ˹籩¶Ϊá
㱻Űӯ
ʦ
֮ͽһСġص
ʦҡ
ѡ֮ˣҪ֮һſʼһоͶעˡΪʦΨһģ㱣֤磬ĺܡ
ʦ仰ʲôת˰ɡ
ǣʦֻǡ
ʦֻôˣͽֻܿԼȥȥˡ
Ӹǰִգ˵һ仰
ʦֻ˵ȥһ硣
磿ȥǲŸǸϵ̫Ǣô
ǲ̫Ǣôˮݺ
ļ²ۣ㻹ǹԹԵ˵
ȥŪµ֪Ϊʲôһʼһġ
ûٸ㲻ŵȥǶһۣ˵
ǾȥɣܻЩջ񡣱ϾǾȥħ¶Ļܿȥֱ
Ƕ˼䡣
ɽǸˣָЩɽ飬Ӧò̫Ϊǡβڵ峤Ѹ㣬ԭӦסβһλܸߣҪС
µ˵ͷӦ
ǣʦҴè죬ǰ硣ֻǣʦͽһ²

ǷҲļ紺أ

˵ˣûӦǰ˰֣ʾǸϽߡ
¼״һʩ¡
ʦͽˡ
¸ˡ
ߺ󣬵Ӳ΢ŵ̾һ
ʱҲҲ
Ȼ󣬡
СӣʦǰˡҸ˵ôʱˮûȣӵĵأ
ӿŸոҪյǰŵǿ͵ĵطƽĺ档ֱǱףȻͻص徻ˡ
һ·ô͵ʲô
ʵڲ⣬Ÿ̸ôص¶ǻ·͸ղű˸ƵģһҲ
°ϺᣬĵͱŪˡ

ĵ͸ӵﰡ
è⻰˵ĿɾͲˣôӵˡҷһֱʦ˵˵ꡣһżǰ˴գһСģͰѸ߽ȥˡ
϶ġ
û¶ʦ
ûоĴЦĴս˵
ǣȥ硣ֻ֪ҵ
˴𰸣ȴ̲סʡΪԼڻԼŻ˵Щ
ҲЦſչ˵
ǰҪĻèΣ»ʲô˺ҪȥúõһãûֵΡ
ոôûأУǡ²ʵ
ͷ˫һ¡Ȼ˵
ʦӦ֪ģǺܹǵġ˵䣬̧ͷЦЦ̲סŽ˵˵ֲģȥѯ̽ĺá
ţȻ˵һЩŵĻĴãĹȻǸϺ꣬ҲǸϵϺꡣҺϲ
ŪͲһһʵ:ˡ
㿴Źɿ˵ĶʱЩˣôܾ徲èء
è
ԵЩơ
¸ߵ߾ͱߵı۾ͬʱպ촽ͷ˿ݡ
΢΢ڻոһ֮սɫڻЩ졣Ļ֣صĿ˵
ҲãڤҲգأҶ㡣
ȥĵطһȥõĶһá
ţֻһػģҲֻһ˻֮Ĵңҡ                        
лҪ˵ϣ
ϣղء
ϣǶá
ϣţǶҪػˡ

30

ЩĿ¾, źεɫ档
ֱܿĿЦЦȻǰ峺޵ͬһӵ뻳
, , ɫ·Ͳȶ, һ㺮Ķǵ֪Ѷˡ
ֻǰ, ɫŻȥ, ϼŻὫɢâҲֱֱů˵ܡ
ѸһߵԼļϣĶͷ, ˵
ȻҪ, Ҳл뿪ҵġҪߣҲ᲻һаߡֻԼ, 㰮㻤㡣Ҳֻӵ㡣
ⷬԽԽߣֺγ¶ء
ȵĽڻ˱ĺ£Ż峿ϼ⡣
šٴѿһӭȥ
㵱Ȼ㹻ҵĻӦ, ҺܿĻΪİƵ˴ϡ
èҲԴȥκεط, Ҳܴȥֵ۷塣
ڶߵĵͳԵ˲乩Ѫ㣬ҲŷΡֻڲ
ٴĿ˿ڡ
ȵȡ
ͬŴش
èʱ֪ܽͣ
Щ״μŵ
ǡҲ档
ü, Щζ
šѲè棿
Ǹס
ʲôϵ
е桭
¹ִҪ棬Ȼ֪ô
Ҳеİ

һ仰˵Щ£ǰҲǡ
ô죬еġǲǲܡ
ǲǲһ𰡣
Ϊʲôһ𣿡
˵ŻͬʱϵҲûͣ
±ŪһЩ˵
ǣеġ
èβǲ
´Ũصıص
š
ǲ
š
˸ѧβͺ֪
ϾԼģ׾¹ԹԵ˻
»ǱƵĹԹӦá
š
ǡ
;

˵䣬̲ס
ۡ
˵Ͳˣһ֪˸;ͬġ
š
ڻصȫصĺʱȻĳɳƵڼѹʲô
è㡭
˵˵ȥˣΪоë׵βɨĸͷͷϺȻֻè
ƵҲЩ΢ɳƵ˵
Щܲסˡ
µĴѾȻֵצŪЩˣȴȫûвԼ
㰵Ƶǿ籩ǰǿѹµ侲
ܲס
鶯֮ʱҲû˻ֲԪ磬סݵĴɫ֮
ʧʱڲŴ˵ֻǡ
ţǴ˿ǻỽһ

ţڡ
ҡ
Цϵĳݺ۴һ£ĺ嵽
´һһ㣬Ժͻúܶˡ
ίӦһʵǲʱȥˣοԼڿһսûС
èһ¡
ֱ˴ϴ֮󣬲ȡһöҩҪι¡
²ѯ
һξЩ˼
Ƶģġ
:ĪЩˬ
˼װȫܽĲٰɡ
Ժ󻹻ġ
ҡ
ɵè˯
¶Ŀöҩǲ졣
ڴߺƢĺ
ҲǾϵֻǡӲ˼һ˵ֻǲֹһܰèչ˵ĸҩԴģרèԵġ
˵ЦŰѵҩֵݵߡ
¿һۣĬĬؾֳ˵ҩ
Եҩ£ȴԼʲôҩƵģ˷ܵЩ˯š
Ϊۻ˵ܺúϢǹԹԵĴᱧ˯
ҲȷΪʲô˷ܵ˯ŵġ
ڡ
ֻСè
𣬺ܺóԡ
ͻȻʲôƵĴյ¶˵
è㲻˵û
ûʲôʳԺŷӦЩһʼͷûĻô֪Ҫ۾ء
㲻Ҳ˵ûô
·ʵ
ûȫƾ󡣡
¡
ۣ۵ȫ˵
èϲǸʱβɨɨȥĸоĶ䡣
ºϺһڱţͲŵĵ
ңֻǣһЩԼʼ֪ġ
ֱĺ󱳴Щĵ
ңèܲ𣿡
ǡ
Ҳǲ
ǣǡ
¾˰죬Ҳû˵Ȼ
ԣ𣿡
š
ţллè֮ٽġ
İڻĲ׳־ĵ
°ֱȫסͷҲû
ͻȻԴ¶˳
ᴭġ
֪Ϊʲô˵ÿһ仰ڵϷһֱ쵽ڶûָ
ˣҲˡ
²ʹռУҲȷʵʵ
ǣèΡ
Ҳǡ
ţ˵ˣèǣҪ֪
š
кһŴ䣬СèȻ
˷ܾҲܿ¹ƽȵĺź
ֻ
һƬ֪δĺڰͻȻһɵĹ⡣
һĨδεţű쾫ζ
´ʱֻûˬӤĸ׵Ļﰲڹﳩš
ֻǱһ˵Ĺţ֪ʲôʱһɫʶδѵ֪⾿ʲôֻ֪ɫССһţռˣһǡ
ʱ£ܵҪסԼĵ̶û̫кʶֻǸԼ̶ĻϳȥĿ̽š
ڽŵһ̣ﻵЦš
Сÿɰѽ
ë׵һģֻèͺˡ
ʱĶˣš
ʱл¶£Ȼɵľͺˡ
ĵɫ֪ѽռ˹İڽɽ
ʱѾɫϤ£ȴк쳣˸ˣС飬ܿģܾڹϷš
ֻ±ʱʲôè
һʼ̫ܽС飬ѾȫϿɲϰ˶ԷĴڡ
һ˿ܵ޾ļįʱ⣬Ϊ˶Էò󣬲ɴ
Զ
Զ
ɫķºġ
һ˺úõģƫҪҵĵطҲߣÿ춺ҿġԺߣһˡһѹ
һԶ㣬Զ㡣
һ
Ժ֪ġ
ţԶҾͺá
лҪ˵̫ĵ߾Ϲл

31

ɫŵһȫռԺ, Ļӡ
ʶ޸ĳ˴ǰһУЦеĿǰһڵ
ط, , ҲҪˡ
Ϊʱ޿̲, ԼһԸ뷨Ҳ˼ҵⲻ⡣
С, Ժͻèòã
ûֲ֮ĵĵ
, ѧһ
еԻҡҡӣʾɻ
ţ
㲻֪ʲôè
Ҹ㡣
ɫǰûèӣĻһֻɫè
ɫÿŶ
ˮҲѧŬһֻè
̲סϲ
ôôɰ, ô
··Ƶ, ԭؿĵתȦȦҡһεġ
΢Цſֱ￪ĵơ
, ־˼򵥡
ɶЩʶּʶǧ쳾˵ôĹ
ٿʱЦﾹЩ״˸и޴롣
Ҫס⡣
ϲ
ѧĽ̸Ķӡ
ϲ
ٴӡ
ų־ĲЦݡ
ˣ֪ϲҡ
Ҳϲѽ
Ժҵ֪
ƺǶ仰̫, ЩãȻԭأԼڹƯš
Ҵȥòã
»̫ȥ塣
ΪʲôҪȥ
ȥǻһ
ûлشΪʲôҪȥ, ֻǺĵ˵ͷش
ᡣ
»ɫţԼһһˮɫ࣬ˮڡ
ҳȥ
һһ, Զ㣬Զһ
޾ֻű˴ˣ֤˱˴˵Ĵڡ
žĳ޳ܵˣռ˼ҵĵ̶ǿƷ˼ҵӲ˼ҾΪвһҪϴ׵Ĺ¡
峿̫һĹ徲壬ڵĴϣҲһı⡣
㻹ЩĻǵЦݸ߸
ģоһ
ò۾֮󣬱һ±ˡһ֮תͷȥȿ˯¡
ϱͿܵ˵ǰһĻ˲䱻ڵѪҺƵۡ
ԼЩˣš

Ÿոʳ֪ζЩ˵龰·ǰּµĿѾӡˡ
ԭȻΪ
һơ
ֻǽղ֪ΪĲʣèʱϰʹȻ
ǹɵſڴϣ⻬ֺеԵԲ߸˯
ô֪⻬ֺеԣ
:ʣʾʵܡ
Ը֮ҡڲʱǸܵΣĺһҪơ
һ˯ĺڱͱĥ񾭸˵ֱǲĿ̡
ȴûͷЩ˯ĸš
ȥ˯⣬¶ǵݣٷӦԼԺѸپֻǽȻһôĻ
еԼӦȻ͸ǰһװʲôûӡ
ոһµʹо˲ɻشϣĲʸиµüͷ΢ɲһ塣
㿴ĶѸְӻػͬʱϸ΢ıҲ
ۣ
ʵ̲ס۸
˵ҩİûЧ
ǡֻطЩʹѡ
»ͷشԼһͷĻ϶ŵġ
ʵ͹ˣٸо汻ѵЩ۵Ĳλġ
ҲʲôˣЩ

ϣҲڰɡ
뻹ĵĿ˵
ﲻԪһ¡
ԹɺãʾԼⲻ
á
ȻϽת˻⡣
һֵΣǸһƬڵĵط
㱾鿴һ壬仰ʱĵ
ȻڰһɵĹš
Ļ˵ͷ˵
ҾڹҺϲ
üЦЦĿ˵
Ȼһɫ
ֵ˵ͷȷӦ͵𾪵Ŀ㡣
㡭ҲһΣ
ȣ
ܡ̫һɡ
˵ĸһ
Ǹɫ
ԶԶԣںǵӡΪʲôϲ
㾲ؿûȻͻȻ˵
˵Ϊʲôεһ龰Ϊ
˵űĿɨ»ŵ壬϶£ֱĳλͣ¡
³˳ȷԼǵͦʵ˲ſڡ
пܰȻôǰûгϴεʱҲûε
󷽵˵£Цáǲ硭ԣ᲻ֵβ֪ûйϵˡ
ͻȻü䰲
ҵĿ˺һ²Ʈ˵
ţҾû˵ɡô£ټΡǻǾ綼ŪΪá
ڴЩ˼ƣһһһµӵ˵š
ﰵЦͬʱҲӦȻ°èˡ
ţ
Ҫ㣬̲סСèôɰӲ۸һ̫ϧˡ
˵űһһƽ£ֱ˽ߣ򵽱˴˵ϣǼűǼŰݡ
֮ŵ°Ƥ⡣
ŬԼѣɫ˫۶ЦӡﻹڲϵظԼ
ʱ䣬ãֵסȻΪԼ۸ء
תµļһӱɾ
ԭӲ֪ʲôʱѹ»࣬¶ļؿȫ鶯ʱƤµİ߲Ϻۣ
һ±¸ǶܵƫͷȥŲһ
µתͷչǰǱĲԼڲҲµݺۡ
ʿˮĺҪֻèҲĲһڡ
ʵǸøһѵ˭һ϶
ǣϵĺۼȻջҲۡ
ԼЩˡ
ʵĳֻè̫ɿˡ
ģȵĺࡣ
һǿԼƿ˵ˡ
Ѿٳһε׼ˣͻȻһʱЩãȻ
ģѹ£۾Σյʵ
ôèҪ
£
ǡҪˡ
¿˵껰ʵʵѹһû𴲵˼̲ס
ǲҪÿ
:Ҳ밡
ص̾˿òײĴԹĶ¿ûꡣ
߿Ҫ·ˡ
Ұ㡣
á
è岻Ұ㡣

㿴űĥӲݲͬæ·Щڡ
治·
һµ»ĸĻֻȻɵȻ֮С
лҪ˵:ţԼľ⡣
:
:λҪ̸߾ô
:ôˣȻͿ԰㶮ġ
:
:ǳһ㰲ϡ
ڿ˵һ䡣
ղһ°ɡ
ллҡ

32

´֮, ˲ǿ˵Լ˼ά˲١
ڴһʵĶ㣬Цһ, ʵ
, ¶, 㲻Ҫҽһô
Ŵ˻˲ͻһãȻı顣
ʲô¶Ǹèαص档
ûˣĻ, ߵ˵, ֻ̬ܰⳡ̸㡣
ǵߵԱߺ󣬻ѡ˿ߣ˫ֱ, չһЦ, ȻڵĿ
㿴ļƣʱƲһƲ, ΢΢һί
ֿ»վſߵƣæվ嵽
è¡˵òá
תѱڴչȻͺʵĵط, ʾ¡
ڿ̱ӵĶʱɫЩ졣ֹܿԼ˼Ͼȥعʱ, Ѿȫָһ̩Ȼı顣
ߵº󣬱㰲ĵ㿪ڽ͡
֮󣬲ŴŵζĿڵ
Ҳӱ£Ĳ̫˵㲻
ü
ʲôʱŹ㡣
ֺõЦЦ, ſڵ
èˡ˵꿴º޻͵ɫְ˻š
֪ڰο£ڰοԼ
ңҶ֮ǰȫǲˡǸΣӦþ֮ļɡΣⲿֵļ䶼ûС
ֻţֻǲ֪ʱʼ΢΢ͳﾹЩµ
᲻ңèң㲻ΪһֻСèң㲻ʧһңҲ
Ϊζ
ôƺǷҲٰ
仰ӵˣͷ¼ϲ˲䡣
ţǿнߣռΪС㣬᲻ң᲻Ҫ뿪ң
»شֽ˵
Ҳˣ˵Ҳ뿪ҵġ룬ҲУһǿ㡣ѾҵˣöҸ𡣡
㲻ĺ󱳣Ƶģİڻ
ſȻţȴǸ߸ǣֻ
ˣҸ
˵ͷ°͸¼һһµĿš
ţҶ㸺Ҹ𡣡
һġ
Ҳѧļš
µĶ仰˲ϲ⡣
è
µ̲ס͸Ц⡣
ǣһǷҵĶءƭҵչճɽ
仰ָ󱳻ȦȦ
ŲҪ㡣һ֮ô졣
ҲߣһҪء
һܶĸġ
ʵ´ûҪֹ㣬ȻҲûǶμ䣬Ҳֻͨεķʽȥ˹ȥѡ
֪һжԼѡ񣬹ȥԼѡڵԼҲǡ
ѡ㣬ѡߣѡһѡ
һֱϵѡĻôԶĵһѡ
һ峿徲ʱͬĴ̲סЩơ
òײèӦԼ˯һģ㣬ֻǱ˯˯Ҳõģϵʱ򡭡
ǵڴٵʱèѾϴϣһ˳Ⱦİ´߳ˡ

ˣûпҲûܳûˣå

¿ǸԼ̲סЩЦ
Էʦص͹ġ˵ף;졣
߿ϼ򵥵Сˣ̲ס
ף;죿˵ʲôġ
ûǺܲˬ
ܿ͵ˡ
ΪèĿһۣͷ˵
·ãԷǾͳ
Թ:Ϊʲôèôʮ㣬ҵ𣿲УУԺҵעⰡ
ԼУ˵ʲôèϲġԼϲĻڴϵè
Ȼƫˣذ

ΪǸΪϲϵè
Ϊϲϵè°
Ӯ
ȿȣ
ûһһӰǺ̤նСûгʲôֵĶ磬š㶮ġҪԭ
ȻԴǵľܾ⡣
ڽӽʱͻȻһ䡣
è˵īǲ磿
˭֪أ㲻֡
У־
ڲ֪ʲôҲ֪ݣԺеǻᣬ㻹᲻ô
ɱ
ͻȻԼĳŵ
һỤīԶЦÿīѲǳ
һԱһ㣬Ӧһ
š
˷ǱģҪԹҵĻ֪çײ¡
»ǲĵһ顣
ץµֽ˽˵ǣҪҵĻ죬Ҫů
º˦ˣ˭أֻε
š
:
ôԼ
ڤͬڤڷĽ㣬ΪڤҪ磬ȡǡ
ڷûʲôҵټϰǰ׮£ڷĽ͸ˡ
ģǰ⴦ˡ
û뵽Ľ㾹Ȼ
ðһ仰
طǶϤǴ󲿷ʱ䶼ɫǵѩǡ
ⲻԶĽ㡣
ǰΪڵĴڶЩŤĿ˵
ϴȻûз֡
ͬǰĽ˵
òˣûһǰ֪ϸ۲ĻҲѷ֡
˵ͷʾÿһ
èԵȻԪ񻯿ڡ
һ¡
һ£ԡ
á
ͷӦúվһߡ
ʵýͦƵģèԾ԰ɡ
⻰˵ίʵˣڿһҪϣ˭һںơ¾ħλҲô˵ô˵Ҫ缯׷ɱ֪
ȻֵĻں档
վǰʲôҲûһ̧ţֱŲ߽硣
ûһȥˡ
ȥˡ
㡭
Բۣèû¶ɣĶأ
´Ǳֻ̽ͷЦţʵЩ졣˿ûֻЩȡ
èô¶
ûлشֻɵĴ߳߻ȥ˼Щˡ
è㲻һŰɣ
ɵĽŲڽסˡ
ǲ֪ô¶ͳȥˡ
ô¶
ô¶н磬ֻԽǲҲһû뵽ǡ
˼άԾ
һֱΪǱƭߵġ
޷νӡ
ҾǱƭߵģ
Ծ
ǵʱȥڤʱﻹԪ񻯽ڡ
µȻһš
ǲǲ֪ô
֪ˣ
ⲻԳ
ˡ
磬ˡ                        
лҪ˵ллСɰǵ֧֡
ҪǩԼ֪ܲܳɹСɰǿԸô
ôôգ

33

֮, ǰɳĿյرһ޼ʵĴԭ۵ɫ޼, Ŀ
Զտոɫ, ؼ価һõ֮С
ǰ̾һ¡
羰ɫҲ
Ҳͬеĵ˵ͷǶȴûΪǰ⿴˾ϲľɫɰ֡
Ϊ, ĸҲ㹻ˡ
ȳԭ˵ɣһǴ̽һ¡
ľǾ޳ɵ, 仰ȴЩɻ, Ĵյ˵
Ҳгǳô
ЦűֳĹ˹ıӣȻ˵
ǰ, Сè粻гǳ, һͬ޼һһ, һֽԡҲ˵ǲһȺˡˡ
ûͨǺѽġ߼Ϊ̣ҪҲûΪΣһһܻݡԴ˴ҪһЩҲ, ֪鷳νһپ֪ѧˡҾǵ¡
ҪΪݻɲ¼ʲô, ǿʲôʲˡĵǿԱ¹è壬³çġ
µĿ˵ͷ΢ЦЩĵ
ⲻǶ˽ͦ
Ϊ߸ǶĹĵ, 
ͦģûаָйصģǾȫ˽⡣
Цĸ޼ɵĸǻϲʢһ仨
Ͼȫ˽أ
ǰҲ
һ»̲סĴյĶ˵
ֻлεôǸһˣǡˡ
˲ʧЦô죬ֻèţȻˡԲĺһںֹ
ش⣬ռ˻ûء
Ϊʲôϵˡ
ֻǶ̶ѡѪġڵĲ塣ɼϹβһ壬ʥԼСȺͬɵġľɽһ
ҽôأףԭʹڸָԼޡΪһ㣬ֻЩ˵ġ
˼ĵ˵ͷ
ҲǲС
⻰ЩЦá
Ϊأǳ춨ħֵ֮ˣǿԸڤ֮رȼĴء
ܹѡһ¾ͳĽ硣ô˵ֻǵˣ
Ҳô˵ҪҾûǷΪǿҲΪˡ
Ϊֻзܳõ֮ڡǿɽ绹˵ʧʧ
аèĻͦ
˵ǲôİɣ೤ʱˡȷĵҲΪΪ׳ġ
Ц۾¶Щ̵
ǡèҾʲôطԽԽĬˡ
ûһ˫صĻֻȴҲԻϲš
ǵȷԽԽϤ˴ˣҲ˽˴ˣԽԽܸܵº㡣
èôȥʲôʱǸͷǲͷˣ˵¹գգ˵˫ֵǷɹȥɣֿ컹ܴӸߴһķ羰˳Ҳһҳǳ

˵˲çײµ
˵ҪҵĻ
˵Ļ
ˡ
ֱӴ·ȥûһĻᡣ
ɢɢںĻﴫȴЩԸζ
ֳ㶯Ҳ̽ϢġǾͰ̽ʲôʱջ񡣡
㱧µнţͷķµļϿǰ޴ֵ͵˵
Һܵè塣οҪûչֳ㹻ʵôǣô֪֪ġչʵ򵥵;ȻǴһܾͺˡ
ո㻹ô˵ģ
Ҹˡ

ոһŪɳ׾ô죬ͻȻҪǿǿ
ʲô˼
͸

ͻȻЩŤͷſϵʵ
ˣ
ȴڴʱͷļ羱ĲţǼ⴦ȫ嵭ŵϢ޲óУ촽ޱ̰ǰȣ᲻뿪һ
ֻñ߲ű˵ûаǾûǾ͸ǿЩϾǰ״İ
¸оĿڣ촽Ĵи˲䵼һɹɵӲȫŲЩվȡ
ֻ㻹ڽ֧ܺúõվŹԼϷ
ȻòĿʼҲûûĹ
վţ
ſûнȥΪЩåΪǰ˵Щʱ١̱ƹ
Ϊܾô򵥵Ļش
ţ
Ӧһȴ˿ûҪſĺۼ
ˣ
˵Ǹ
ǣơ
ôˣûϴһ֡¡
ڡ¡ϼصһһϵ촽µĲķ̣ӶȾɫ
ȻȥŶ洫ԽԽҲԽοŲκγ˿⸱˵ӣҲС
òװͷÿһֻȴεķ䲻뿪
ѾˣѸٵ״̬ΪѾĿз޴Ӱˡ
¿ӭǸʲôԺһ䡰ԲۡĻصļ䡣
û뵽žȻҪ÷ޣˣŶԡһһûù
:ϽǶ˹۵㣬޹ϡ
һλʦ:Ǻ㵱˭ƵģԪ֮ܵʹ
:˭©Ϣ
:ΪƣЩѡ
:ֻǸһ͵ĺ÷ӣľûж˵䡣
:㻹˵ʲô
ȿȣع˰
һֻ޴ѻǱѻҪıҲΪﱳվʮˡ
Ϊ׵һλΪݵˣ°ɫĻۡһһҷֱվſ͸µһһŮ˵ƵĳӦã֮ࡣӦ˵Ļʮҡ
´ǵͬʱǾѻϵҲͬǡ
վһԵɨ֣Цһ˵Ȼ䣬
Ц绨̧סµ۾
ĪĪѻǷͣǡ
˻һǾѻϵ˷׷ŭĿ򣬾ҲǱɫ
Ҫֵʱһˡ
ס
ȥī룬·ϲ¡о֪˴Ѫ᲻ˡ
Ŵ˻еѸתɾ⣬·о޾Ŀ־塣
˽ʱͶһ񣬶ֻǲһЦ¶˵ʲôҲûǡ
ߣһ۱ŭӡ
ôסѧѧá
һԵŮЦȻ
磬ȴī                        
лҪ˵:С£û̶ԽԽôĸأĽأİأ.ҪôΪΪ
:졣
:
ղأղأղذ

34

ѻϵĶԻĴµĶ, 㵹һνļè
ȴɫ˲Ũܵˮɱ, ̲סŭⷭڡ
ʸô˵, ǾȻ˵
㱾δЩ˵Ļ, ǿһ¾͵Ǻ͸ꡣ
ô, Բۡûǡޡöӻء
ı໰ƪ, ˵ڵĻﻹдϧ
èΪЩô

ǣ̫ˡ
̾˿ֽ±˻, ָḧͷ
Զµ, Щѷ˻ֱӴ͸µġֻèεһס
èԺǿܻԸָķ, һ·עƽԵÿ˶һŵλʦһưݡֻҪסǵ޹أζڣζԶҡһľġ֪
±ڼϣһճյĳĻԵЩãȻ, Щ˵֮Ͳɷָ˰
Ȼ֪·, Ҳ֪ǻһֱһ𡣿Ϊʲôиָĵķ飿ɽ粻˶Ѱ˶ȥô
:
ǲʲôô˵ĺͬһ¡£˫ַļͬĿšϸ۲һȷʵû̫˼ʵ
èΪոǸû˵Ƕֻô
㳹ŪԺ, ͻȻͻһЦеĻɫ
ԭ˼˵еġҪϷŪһ£˵ͻȻͿ˿ǣٿıֱһ޵ĻʱŤͷȥ㿪ЩϷʵĿŵ
Ҳʲô飬Ҳôǿ˵ֻôʵǾһˣ˵ģ޹ء
Ҿǣϲ̬ȡôĿ˵ô۸ء
һš
ұ۸ˣ
·ǳ沢ұߵĵ˵ͷ
š
㡭
һ۸ģӱ۸
ã𡣡
ãСèôأ
̧ͷ״ȴĿЦǴЩƻ
Ϳ֪Щʲôˡ
εЦЦֻֿɰִСèʲôҲȻҲû
ոЩӦþԭϵһ塣֮ǰųȥԪ֮̽鵽ǴеĿĺ󣬾Ӧһȥ
˵ʱ̲ס˾죬һ˵ǻأһֱΪֻèС
ǣô˵Щ쵰һǱء
ֹסԭҪ˵ĻǰοѵĵƵèԴ
ֻɫè˼ǡɫ˼֣Ķ˵Ǳҡ
Ŀֵһֿۣ˵
ǴвīôǾβĵ̡˵Ǹоĸ磬ھβһ峤īɡ
㾪ȵĿһۣû뵽Сèͦϸĵ
ǣոЩ˵īӵӣϢ磬īǹ壬峤ҲС嶼æǰȥءһ壬ȻҲ⡣
ľȻȫ䵽۵ף̲סЩС⣬ⷬ΢ü
أ㲻ȥҰɡ
˲һίı飬ֻȴ˿ίЩΨ²ҵζ
ôأȻҲȥоİοèīյӣһֻųԤ֪ͨİ׺ء
㲻ԾЦĺܸȤ
ˣȥǾȥһưɡһƴ˵оβ壬ֻƾ׺֮þβһĵǺηʥ
µͷѹ֪˵˵̧֮ͷɫŹֵʵ
ǣ֪·
Цһ档
֪ⲻ˴·

¸ǾѻԶԶĵţֱԶһ޼ʵƽԭǳϵһɽһб˾ѻͽǰī롣
״Ц
û뵽īβһ廹ͦŵԭǶηˡ
¼龰ҲüȻ˵
Ӧаģīաطн硣
ǲռ˾ܵļưϸȦ˵
ǾҪèˣҸû˵ĵطȽȥһپƺ˵
Ťͷȥһתͷص
ţǾȽȥɡ
㱻һĿĻڣʱȻ»عͷȥˣͻȻûء
ôˣСèɻ
ƲƲǣǿװһ˵̵Ŀǵ
ǣֻȴˣֵ֪췭ظ
:ҾƷôô
ӦְקƵĵ
ʲôʱȴοǻ
ţôˣ
ˣЦ˵ܰ˵ȡ
ҾͲϡˣѵʱ˵ʱˡҪҲϡָ췭ظ
±վ΢΢һ֪ߵĻǱġͷҲûصǰȥǰԶԶĴκε
߰ɣȥҵطī˵
æȥɵĵ
èġ
ǳһźʹĵ졣
è߿ԡûˣɫҲá
ָһĵط޲ɽ˵
ðɣĵطҲͦʹġ
һƬʢ÷֣ѩȰ÷ȴ̲𣬰ٻ޵ļڿšһĨĨѪĺ죬ӡ۵ס
龰һʵ
ôèÿ𣿡

ϲͷ徲ҲЩ
Цţ֪Ϊ˵Ļǰ÷촽
̫ˣ̫ʺ徲塣
µĻǽӵķɿ졣
Ǿͻģôذ׵Ļ
Խ˵ԽĻЩǷˣҲ֪Լ⣬⣬ֻٴδ
Ƚȥɣûˣȥط
ಽĸţһЦıʢ÷Ҫޡ
תһȦڵһµĿյԺԶ˵
ֹά֮ﲻڶЦ̸ʼһĵһһӦš
յصĵϵװһصյŷôҶϯض
ʱЦվڿյΧ˭˵ʲôҲûע⵽ͻȻðˡ
һ£˸źīСҪһƣСˣ˳ָ÷⡣
㽫ǵ÷ǰ
ī÷ĸô
¿һ磬Ҳ̲סĸһı
㵹ǲ⡣
൱̹
ʲôüģҶо
˵ԹԵĸԼ˱ƣǳһڵ
Ƶûѩǵľǰҡ
ҡҡѣͻȻ쵽ǰ˵
èҪҪһ


35

½Ƭյؿʼ, ȺΧ̲סü
ܱĺϸ΢϶ҲӲΧЩ˾Ƶǵ۾ֻǵȻ֪üԭ, ֻΧ˵˵ˡ׷̸ֹ, øǰ;Сӡ
īڵϢƬ, ѰϤϢǰȥ鿴
ȻìܾţĽŲȴûһ̵ͣ١
Ⱥڽǵ˼ҹİӰ, žԼѾõڻصԼǻ, Ȼ˹¿ʼ
еĵģ尾, ʹ, ʣͨͨ˵ء
þȫΪ¸о˷ܵҪڵѪҺѹȥ, ȴע⵽һֱߵӰȻڡ
ȹľƸèȣȻèȾơɶèЦôÿĸ˵ʲôīɫ˲ȥ
¿˿쵽ǰľƱ, תͷһЦ˵
ȻȰƣҾ͹ˡ
˵ֱͷ, ΢ʾιȡ
ǰ촽΢
ĺѾƹȻι볢˾ƵĴèǲǸӿɿڣǲǸղܡ
ǡ
ǿﱼڵ, ѾƺݺݹԼУѹڵȡ
ݺݵصһۺֻһίı飬Ǿĵ
ǹġҲܣԺҲˣڳǰ¶ɫĶǲ
˵ʵЩƽ̲סַŵݺһѡ
³ʹͻȻĶһǿסûоЩֵĕһۡ
ȴ˶ίƵ΢촽
ͷ
ûڸʲôΪԽԽĿ⿪ʼע⵽ˡ
ǲںôô˵ɲǰ˵ġ
ǲܵġ
ī׾վڳУĿɫµĶԹԵĴεӰ
ĿǣһһȻỹһ̬ĶŽӰˡ
ҸĿ⿴ȥʱȺһû뵽侹Ȼī룬ǲҪ
˵ĵȻλдǣ·λӡĻͷݺݵĵһۣ̲ס

ʲôϣЩʲôڳܲܲҪ˵
ȻŴ˻ī׵ɫӲÿˣҲֻŻд˱֡
˲ͱŵý˵ɫīһĲÿ
ɫһȴͬĿ̬ĳգ۾ȻԪ֮ĸ˵ϣһˣ;Բٶˡ
һЦЦɫīס
˵ʵԼ黹ҲԿʹ
֮佣ŵó֮˶ŽҲвﰵ㣬롣
к̨СӣôûҸоӽа壬õ
ī׵¿оϾβһ峤Ψһ֮ˣҪ֪Ǿβһлûֻо࿴һ۵ģɼεȵ׿
˵ɽʽҲΪоӣΪī׵ءܵõôеī׵¿϶Ĳˡ
˵˾˭ȻҸī׵¸ϣī׵µĳ֮ġ
ǲ˵ī׵ˣ֤Ҳ
ϧˣ֪ĸĵ£òηһеƣȻǸ䡣
ҪܿңҲ䡣
ԱǳЦŵİӰ
֮
㣺ܣأ
֮䣬̸۵ҡ
ī֮𻨷ɽս·һ
һȴһȴ㾡¡
ΨһƽϢ£һԵס֡
ȻͷǰɿٵǳǳЦŵ
īףδ
ΧȺһ°ķŻضˣԭʶ
ɢɢˣûϷˡ
ī׵òˣɢ˰ɰ
ֻɵһ䣬ȴī׵һγԨ
ˣһҲ֪ˡ
֪ҴһʼͲ⣬֪ƭ֪ΪѪ֮
϶ܺҰɣϾʱôʹ࣬ȴĿšҲֹ޶ԵĿţһӹֵѪ֮
ī뵽Цһߵǰ
èұ
ʵµҲûжī׵һ̣Ͱеһжһʹˡ
мϲޡûˡ
ӦЩ޵İɡ
ôԼȻ˺¶ԼɵģȷʵҲ֮һ
ī׶˵žǣҪͻҪ
ǣڲС
磬ī룬ɽоī֪ǸĴڣǶվīߵġ
ô֣Ƕ֣Ƕǲȫ˵ġ
վ˳ֹǼȥ
ûȷʵˡΪҲϲ
ڻסʱ͹ԹԵƣһֻèˡ
˼תЦݲ΢۾
µģīôΪר㱨ء
ʾƵüèȻʧ
ԣҶֵèصұ
ī˵ͻȻЦЦ֪ʲôصԸԳô
ܣ̫¶ûȥɣж·׸
ҪôźãĿҪˡԼĥţǰԼԶԼߡõԼӦеһࡣ
ûа취⣬ûа취Ȼֻ벻ϵȥȻӵеĸ
δעīױõɫ˵ûע⡣ֻƮƮĻһεػīϡ
īףֵģ¡
ã¡īŵתһȦ֪λǰкҪ£
һķ羰Ц˵ıѧ˸ʮʮˡ
īΪһ仰ĶŵЦݣһںͽϡ
ˣ
û˱µˣֻѪ֮ܵ˿ءǡ
Ӧʲô᲻á˵һֱӰģӦҲûɡ
˵ˣлġ
һΣһԼ˲˻ţһֱӾȷԼԡһΣǱȴĸԸ
ðʲôҪҰæĿīҡ
¿Ӧá
һֱĬ̸֪ڲǶֵʱҲûв֮ԻΪԼ̲ס쵰
һܺߵıұƾʲô˭
ҺСè
и̵ͬʱһͳ
īףô¶
лҪ˵֪Ϊʲô߱˺ϲīס
ҲǰŰһ
ҲҪ
ղղذ
HE

36

ͬһµīվλǰ, ɽӪĻþ￴һᣬһɱϡΨһͬǱ´ĥǵĳӡ
·ֻһ, ǰī, Ŀ˿δɢһˡīޱ
ī, ô¶
ղŵʵЩ죬дһʡοīʽβһӡ
ƽ, ǾԲ࿴һ۵ġ
īعͷʩһŵ
常, Ǻǰѣصغĵβһġ
īʱŰĿֳһ¶ˣӭ㲻ľƵĿ, üͷһ
ǰѣˣ
, ʵԱλ¹Ӳǡīδ˵㱻ǿнͷȥ
оɫԵЦţȴ̲סЩԾһ۾ͿԵ, ±һۿǵһ
Ҳīڵ
£Сһֻ˴ܹüоʵˡǰҪѰѰҵˡ
īͻȻһŹɫȤĴ˵
ˣСè
΢Σ, ǳǳЦ´
ǡ
īͷЦһûٸ˵, ζķԸīҪչ˺Լ֮󣬾һֱδһʧ
Ԫ֮ɨǰĶݣֹסšû취һǸīè˵ֻҪҪסһ䷿ͿԵʱ, 𾪷ŭ޿κֻЭɫϵЦݾԹԵˬһͻȻʲôƵĳ˵
Ǹо԰һ۾ͿԵ磬һ۾Ϳֻè
ԭؿתתȥļǰġЦŻ
ǰʢ磬ȻǸɲˡ
ͷתڶڲ˲磬ӿûʲô⣬ī׸ǰŵĵطʵڲܷġ뵽ڵ
èǸīǰҲһֱģҽ·Сʱ˵ͻȻðһ
Ҳתſڻһ䡣
ţīǰڷģߡ
׷š
ʲô
ˡ
ţͦĵ
µĕһۣûļ۲ⶴڿƼªʵϸڴȴ͸µİ衣
һת˻⡣
ûмɽɫĳī׵һ쳹׺ˣȥī̽̽ʲôģҲиĿꡣ
Ҹһȥ
á
һһںҹʵЩˣ˶ɫҹ¡
һ¾װŵ£ǻ͸Į˵ֳһջ
̲סĴս¸ǰͷݺһڣҲĶЩ
˼Ȧ뿪½һЦ˵
ȥǰȴȥġ
ЩɻǶǵһī룬ĶȥҺġ
ȥָСĵڼ˲硣
ȥ˾֪ˡ
ȻԶġ
ֻԽߣµɻԽǼء̲ס
ⲻߵķɣ
صĳЦЦȻǰããڰ˵
һ˴·ˡ
:֪Ǵʲô⡣
ԽǰУԽֻܼǹģԲסǼ䣬Ҳ൱ˡӦīĸ尲ŵס
ڴһݵӰ¶غãȻԼԪµʶڡ
¶ȻûзʹҪʶҲ̹Ȼ롣ȻһЩϤ
ףҪо¹磬˵
Ӱձ̫çײˣҪŪҪʲô
ףҷֽī׵⣬϶ıġұ뽫о
ԽԽǹŹ֣ЦŵĿģʱԼЩˡһʵ
ǲԭǣӰǸӣ
ǿסЦ⣬ǻ̲סĸ߸˵
ӦǣǾͿӰ׷ʲô˰ɡ
ͷ¼ϣ˰Ǹ˵ĶԻȴһж
ʱȴһԥ֪ʲôĴ¶ҪҹоҲ˵
ԼӣȻԼʱ³çһЩҲʲôʲô鲻ʲôʲô˲ǵġ
ǾøһȥоīӰĵ϶֪Щʲôο˵¹磬һ˹Լһλ˵īĹϵ϶Ҳӽܵġ
˵ףӰεġ
ҹо
¸һ·īţջؿǱӰĿŤͷ˵
˵ܼīô
ƹǺīϺôק
㻹ȥ
仰Цһһ󣬴յ¶Ĵ˿˵
èҾ˵ʲôʱôĬ
¶㿪׵Լ϶촽ǰͷʾעⳡϣְ
ֻᴵ˿ͱ㿪ˣǾö䱻ѬЩ졣Ҫ˵ĻҲȫˣֻƾһݻĶ⡣
ʯ̾͵̨ҹӰ׵ȴţͻȻعһһ䡣
ˣīĶ
ǣī֪ǲǻûڡī׵ĶݣǸ׸һģһһôƫЩĽʯ
ܻ̤ʵһЩɡ
²֪ǰīȷʵģܹõһзǰߡ֤ԼĴڣҲԼʹࡣ
ڡֻֻèܹӿຣͷԨѰɡ
ǣèѾȫǱ˵ˡ
ͳ׵ĳ⺣ɣ׵ĶԨɡ
µĻ̳˲򷭣èô˽
ţ
ԹԲϵĽ
ΪҲǰҲƫġҲ̤ʵһЩ
ĳЦЦҪԵĴһ¾ˡ˵
Ժиģ񣬽ʯʯʲôġ
ȻҹάЦ۵Ӧһ
̨ϵ˱ԺЦ֡
ȻĲīǸϺ꣬ī׵ĻƺҲ
Ȼ¾ĿɿڴһλҲĶȤζ
֪ЯãкҪ°
ĵīס
Ȯӡҹƺʵûû뵽īڣī׵Ļûô˵Ͼλĵ¿ºͣ˭֪ƾһ֮ߵλòǱ濴ô򵥵ġοȻǸ겻̫ԸǶǸǺĵġ
ʱӰͻȻڵ
ī׵£ײ֪ΪǰҷһЩ¹飬Ҫī׵µġ
ҹһֲ֪صֱ˵ǶϾǰλµ̬ȣ˭Ҳ
Ŷ֪Ӱӷֵʲô£
ī׵ĻһԵǲϲӰӵġ
һ˵Ը񣬶ȻΪǾ仰ˡ
¶ܺ䶯Ĵ¶
Ӱǰһǵī΢΢ü
ϲī׵£ī׵½Ϊ¡                        
лҪ˵ʵͦϲֵģ̫Щ
ʱűĻ뵽Ҫ룬
ͷֹФսڼѾ÷ؼһڴ
һģ
ղأղأղذ
ллСɰǡ

37

Բۡ
ôġ
Ҳ㹻𾪵ĿſϾҵĲЦᶼҪ㡣
ʱ, ҲͻȻһƬĬֻǰҹڿī΢е۾󰵲صΣպǲŷӦʲôƵһڳݵĿī׵Ӱ
, ֪֪˵ʲô
, Ͳ, ǱˡŻĹȻǰ
īֵ˰ҹһ, ȻסӰĲӽеߡ˫ǳԵ˫Цһʵ
˭ĵ˵ֻģ
ɨҹ, ͻȻЦ
㲻Ǿöô
ҹάһȣ뱣סӵȻǸӣҲԼ׶Ӱ
, ӰһǱݺġ϶˹ƻİ, ¡ȻôսµϣĮīȨء
, 鰡¡
ʱ˵ֻһüµļ
èΪʲôЦ
ʲôЦġ
˶ùҵȻˡ
ţҲġ
ꡭ
ͻȻѹסµͣȻҲսԼ, ֮͸һƶš
ƤһЦȻһ˵
, èǶԶһЩдˡ
ͱţֻĵ˵ͷ
Ǹո뿪棬ɰӰͳڶſڡ
ðīü
Աһλ, üĿǷ׿Խ嵽
ˣȿô¶˵ɡ
ī΢΢ףĻص
ǣ
ɽЩε

īȴֱȥɽֻȽ붴ڡ
ī׿ɽī̶ʱѸƣӰΪסʺ֧̱ڵء
Լ񵽡
īײμ常
ɽЦĵ常ôһˣ
ֵǵȻҪīȻûðл
īʩһסšһüͷмתλƽͲС¶ôôյϢ
ֻ֮һɴݵĵ
ǺĲˣ常ˡ
īɨһڵ龰΢ŵ˵һ䡣
㡣
˵ԼҲԹԵһԡ
īԭشĳһԳһЦɫվīԡ
ҹʱŸҿڣоС޷֮ȮҲȷʵǣӰ䲻ɴҲ򲻸Ҷī׵˵ֻġĮ壬īϵġ
ϴٱ⡣ܵ˵λ˵Ļ㲻ȻīǰԳСϾǸ֪ˣȻӦǷ
ӰλϽţī׽ڵϵһ˲䣬ɳԻָȻĳ־塣
׸ʲôΪʲô֮ǰȫûԼʶģѵȴһֲٵĶڡ
ô¶
ҪӰʱΪԼ⣬Ҳ˲ñ鲼ȫСæãǿ˼ͷŵ
оī׵¡ĲңҲ֪ô¶ոȫƲԼҡһ˺ңһǵġ
Ӱ״εĽһҲһԸš
ɽȤĴǣȻīī΢ͷһȻתͷȥ
ī״װδһĻȴѾ˼ƽϡҲû˵Լ뷨һλȻǺúŪġҲӰǸʰһ¡
ҪǣǸˣһԼֻ
ɽīջ󣬿һ½ŵĸӶˡܴǴЦȴ˲
Ӱǰɣ˵㱻˿񣿡

أ
Դоһžˡ
ŶɽǿīЦŵȻǽš
īīͬʱ̧Ƥɽ
ɽǶ˶һ£̲סЦһ
ӰȻ˵㱻˿Ǿɱһ£֤סΣ
ӰȻ֮ãȻɱ˽ΣգǰûɺοһܲݺǸˣֹ֤ףΪ
ֻǡ
ɽ̽ɫûС
ӰЩţôܣôûСǡ
ѵôһΣû˵ڡ
ҹһ˲ҲԭأӦһͬӰԻæ
ɽĿǶһۣȻǸīһ󣬱˽˴¡
Σ˴ĻȴҲʵԺʵʵĴڲԭϷѰɡ
һ仰ðҹӰǱһ³龡ȫֻǻùӦ֮Ÿ¡
ϲƣοΣҹҲԼǴûá
īһֱԼĽż⣬˫ѥĳ˳ǡ
֪һ۾ͱ¶ҪΪû֤û취
ʱԶԶȻΪīʹⳡϷġ
ЦԪ֮Сκκۼ뿴ϷС˼
ֻǾ仰ĳЦЦȻ̧ḧ˸Դ
Լܱء
:
һиģ벻֪                        
лҪ˵һдģ϶кܶ಻㣬ϣܶһЩ顣
һѧϰŬдõġ
ϣԼһֱڽ
ллСɰǡǣ
ղأղأղأ

38

īױ׵, ī֮۷
īһʱû뵽ٻһºʩ
常
īʩЩ, ԲٿŸոɽλû˵
, ҹһĶˡ
īΪīڹ̫ױ, Ҫϴ
常ǡ
īȴ
ҵĴ, ǱҪҵġ˵겻֪뵽ʲôͻȻЩ˸е
ܿ㡣һֱδȢ, ΪӣôӦҵ˼
˶ֵϵȻܴҪġ
ʱӵе, Ҳͬӵеġ
ī׵ͷһר̵ģ, ѹסĳֻܰͷ͵ĸһЩ
, ÿһ̶ڷѾ˼ĵõ
õʳӣõΣõʯԼõõͨߵȻٵõԼһֱһС
ǣôèġõŪˡΨһϣ, Ҫϣˡ
ֻܷǰû·ܿ, ӮӵһУˣҲס
ǰһǾûнյīˡ
ǡ, Ǹħˡ
īһ뷨īȻ֪
īλջĿתī׵ʱǹеһĮֻѵõһ顣
ɾζ԰ҹӵĴˣ
常ΪīīѾмˡ
īı˱۾һ˵
常ίģҪˣһۡ
лл常
ī׹ɵĻصû˵ʲôԼֻֻ
жôһġϧݹ̫ˣѾȫҪʱų֣Ѿܽ䵱Цˡ
īͬɽԶ޿κһҲԶī׶û취
ī׵˼īǲ֪īȻϣĵģǡ
ÿι˳ī׶īһȻҲûֵġ
ֻʱ˵ȴ鳩ĺܣһ·ǵĶ֮ϵЦ⻹ǲ
ֱ»ڵĵ󣬿˵
Щ˯ɡ϶ҪӦ¶
ű΢Ļص
Ӧʲô¶
ס¾Ҫɵ£±һٶŪɻĿһۣȻͣ¶ش⡣
īīסҵ¶
Цֽ§˻Сèôô
ƿԼΪ֣޿κЩ
˽ˣī뻹̽Ԫ϶һʱ뵽ˡ
ѱƿǰ˹ĸ·̧ۿһ˵
Ȼأ
²
ʲôȻ󣿡
ǡȻ
ºܲ׳һʸͣǿ˵
ȻҪǵ֪粻ôʲôġġҶᵲġ
㿴ЦЩɫŰ˰૵
èո˵Һܰġ

ǣǺܰҲܰҲӵԣҲܽġ
ܸжжè˵ֻһջ
ھèܵҰһ档
ʲô˼
ôܾﲻ̫Ծĸо
ҪҪè
µ˽ŸΡ
硣
š֪һһģҲ಼ġ
ĻԽԽأûһͱòĺءǴ-ϢŽ
ͷնҲصĺش
šôè
Ҫô
»һµվڴߣֻȣ
ֻµѾ㳹ɨһա
ͬվţӵ˿Ц˵

¿ķܽڻȸѹֲסķ
±㳶Щɢ·£¶ĴƬɫѱͨ졣
ѹͬʱЩŵҲǱɫĸšܿһ۽ǸǺޣ޵ʧء
½üܲסƵı۾һһ£㱾ܵǵǿ˵ˮ
Լڱڵһѹѹ󣬲űµ߿˿ڡ
è죬Ҳܰ
ܰܰûΪܲסٴγְè֮Ȼϲ״̬èģԼԽԽɿˡ
Ż˽࣬»ǲͣزţɫҪƵĶ㿪ǡ
ǣʲô佱ǡ佱ôΪʲôҪʱ˵ֻ
ǣ
ܿ΢һʹ̾˳߷ߵ״̬
èҪоŶ
˴˷ĺ䣬һ

ѾЩɳƵصı޶˶һЩζ
ο
èԹԵģԹԵġ
ֻǴڴȴûڻϽŻӦڱĵطлӦͺá
è
ÿ˯ʱƺòã
ԡ
ְֹֿɰè
èġ
ʶૣҲʶҪش䡣
š
ֻǣ
è𣿡
㿴¶׳˲ٵ
š
²֪Լʲôʱ˯ŵģԼڴ㻳ʱ򣬻߱ź˯ʱٻʵշϢʱ˯ˡ
ʵЩˣһ·ī룬˰ޣȻһڡ
ľΣʵҪʶޱѵ˽췢һС
ǸڰĿռ䣬񲻱ڹˣҲûɫ
ʼֱӴɽʯǴռ档
ȫΡĴɽһɽľɭָšĵطܲͬ
ţԡеͬġ
ԽԽߣԼǰɽĺ˵
˵
ðɣǰͦġֵǣôоɽڱȺɽưΧ밡
Ҳǣ˼ҶǴ߸һȻ㣬λáȻʲôֶƲ
ڿвţɽﲻֹͣš
ֻǣͻȻͱԽԽӽտոˡ
Ļ棬ʧ󺰵

ǰѪɫɫҲѾѪɫѪ߰Ҳǲסʹɫֺ¡
ŵĶ棬ȴҲֻųЦ
㲻һеıסô񻹲һң롣ұӦһġ
ջĿЦ˵
ˣҴԶս˵仰ϾֳɫЦſѧŸո˵
ӴǣǲһģԶͬһˡ
¿δйĺҵģǺ޼˶ˣҲ޼ԼһѪͷҲ
ƾ󺰴ҲãִҲã޼¡һڵˣһſ
Ȼʶʲôģ̲סĿֻţġ
ôܿӡ
ôӡ
ԼǹȥԤδ
ڱŪδĻԼΪʲôûߣһ㵥ȥӦһУ˵Ļᡣ

39

ʱ, Ļٴת
ī״ŵЦӣ㿡, һֻһŸϵĺѥһ޵Ĵɽӡ
Цºȴ˵ʲô
һֱֻÿٿһЩ, ֱЩɽԽԽʱ, īļ仰
˵Цˣ粻עһȥֵ֧һעʧܵĽ, , ΪνħΪС
Ҳʲô壬ֻҪܹԽԽ׳Ҹλ峤˭硣
ǸЩ
ħʲô, Ƥ¡
ħǸʲôҺ, ѾƤ±QôˡԺ󣬾Ͳˡ
īȻת䡣
Ϳ͡
ﻭת, ٴλصǴտ£ʶεţ·ĴͻȻ֪īϵϤô¶ˡ
ô
ԭҰȻˡ
ڵĸо¾úܲûа취Լʶ, ֻһֱƬ²ͣƮš
Ҫȥô
֪ʱȥ˶, õѾҪֲ⾿ûʵʱ򣬾õֻʣ¿ֻŵʱ
ڣͣˡ
ޱϤϢϤ˳ǰһֱŵһ¾ͼֲסıˡ
, ǡô
ǰ΢΢ŵĹ㰲ţͬƽ˯һȴһ˿ֻܸоʲôٻ˴˵ء
ûһ˿̽˼Ҳ˲ʧԼûа취ܣҲȥ룬δĻô죿
ģģһġ
һһǸΡ
Ǹζѡ
ʱɫҲͬѿ
ϴεľ飬ԭΪӦΣһѹȻ˵֡
Ѿˣȴ˿ûҪѹļ󡣲ңԭ˯ԽԽϵıʱߺޣʱֻšͷ󺹵˵ʲôƫƫµҲʲôǿл£µʶ˺
ֵĽԥʱ
ͻȻĽ磬ǿƵϢֱӲܿƵ
⴫һ⣬롣
ʱȻûʲôȥӦǣֱӲͷĵ
ûռ
ͨСѹԵ壬Ҷ԰䡣ĻӲͷƤ˵һ䡣
ɡҡҾôظ
˰Ҳû˵꣬Ҳ֪Ϊѣĸ˵һ䡣
͸͹ûն
Сٶ˵ʲôλҶ仰ȥػ
Ҫô˵˵ûն˵ԼȥҪһЩ˲õĻǵȻĻʱԳƱĸԾԳư
ϣҪҪ˵û˵е˵Ҳû˵
ǣһ·ԥĻص֮󣬿оͬʱɻĿ⣬ֻӲͷƤش
Ǹ˵˵
ͬЩͷī衣
˵ʲô
˵˵Сɴһգĵ
˵˵ûա˵áȥ
˭֪λͻȻһЦ
Щ˼ĵڶ˿
īһ£ѹѹŭ
ݿ²ô򵥡һŵǸյΨһһСͽܣ岻ġ
:ôǹˣҲΪһ׵ˡҲǻ˸ôǱδ
ϢͦԭǸϺ갡˵ɽͻȻʶʲôεĿīһۣȥû־ĪЦ
īŤȥɣȴ̲סͬ²ɽǸ㶼೤ʱˣ⻹ҪѧһʲôܶĵĻˡ
ֲãǸϺϼһ˵
ɽ֪ûиܵīԹֻǳǺѯ˵
Ǿȥ򵥵СæʲôɣȻҲ
ɽһʱ鼱֮īһ²ֿڡҪǰȥô
ڿܺãšӦǷǳáҲŴЩݲ졣
һ£޷
ֻǵסĶ⣬ĽʱЩˡ
ʲô˼֮ô
㼰ʱ˽磬ȻҪ̲סֱӶˡ
оȷʵ㣬һ²֪
ӦЩƵڴ˵üͷ塣

Ըڣһһǵĸо
īƢ⴦²ͱһĵķˡ
ɽŴ򿪵üȻΪ˽ĳī˵
Ƚȥʲôݡ
ֻīڸɽԺ󣬷ЩȵĿ㡣ԭǸһĵҲļٵģ
Ȼ֮ǰûǿģǳһ
¶
оҸ±ǰѰ˵ġ˯һͻԲˣǷҪһ
ҲֻǱ̬̽ȿ»¶ǲǸǰйϵ
ǹǶͬʱɫҲųȥ
ûϵ
˺Ҳã֪ԭȥ취ôԡڡ
ī
СǺôʦڴˣҲҸô˵ġ
Ҳû˼ͬ˵ʲôشϣµߡ
֪ȷʵǲ˷ңǣèʵû취ʱԼ侲
ɽһʧǵӺ󣬾ͰŵīĺϣĿճյ̾˿󿪿ڵ
֮ǰǿʲôҳԭɡ粻Щк˵ֶΡ
ɽаص˼㲢ûᡣǵص
ǡˡңĲô
ŬĻÿһϸڣʲôèô
ɽīһۣȻһ˵ûŽô
ʶȣ״̬Ҳʱʱġ˵ͻȻŤͷɽһа취ˣҲԤ֪ͨ顣
Աߵī仰ͫ׼𾪵Ŀ㡣


40

Ҫԣ
㿴ŭī, һ˿Ц֡
ɽʧǧ꣬ͨ߱ǧ겻ͻȻһԤ֪, ôȷͨߡ
ο, ͨΪʲôͨ, о᲻֪ɡԤֻ֪ĸˡ
ɽһĿڵ
ͨǧ겻֣֪˶֮, ε֪
Цء
֪, Ȼ֪
ԣ֪֪֪֪ǵ۾, ֪һҵɽ粢ܷһ
һֱܡ
ηԤ֪ͨġ
ɽ¸֮תһȦ
ҲͷĿȫ, ȷԼʰãʵ֮ſڵ
⻰ʵ, ȻѾԤ֪δͨôҲѾֶˡ
ɽžʵ
ֶͨߣɽ硭
ΪɽȻ治ɫļȥοҲƭǣΪèһͨߡ
ΪΪʲôᴫɽ罫ֵϢ
ɽĿһۣȻ󽫼īԼ, ʾ԰ꡣ
īʧ̬С˵һīײĻ, ףΪʲôôǸīס
ɽȻ̾ϻЦĿ
ƾһ֮ʣûа취
ĴɽĻ
, Ͳһ֮ˣ֤㿴ġ
ɽɫ粻Ŀڴŵ£΢΢һ˵
ҿԣλѾʲôǶңҲΪͨߵݣֻǿʦϣˡ
ɽһ˵ĵƯС˼Ҳܶ
ŲΪʲôֻҪϳУè¡֮һа취ġ
ˣʦͺˡ
ɽīһƺĺʾο̧վַˡ
̧ۿ˵
Ҫʶ
Կһɽתͷǽüͷ£˵ͷɳƵ˵á
һҪߡ
ɽûлشĻߵߣָʳָ£µüĴ
㿴û˵͵Ĭˣһ¸ɽ˵ط㲻ˡ
ɽЩͷһۣҲޱĻؿɽ
ɽѾǵˣǾԲ뿪ߵġ
ɽӣǲԵһ¡عͷ²԰ײɫ
ҿʼˡ
ǵ˵ͷɽصһ
ɽ漴۾üͷҲ
ȫĶϡȫȻûעīżһۣȻעҲϡ
ʱһһȥīڲ䶳ĺˣֻǵĵĿɽôʱɽҲų¶һ뵽̲סݺݵһۡ
ҲԽԽļͿҪ̲סǿƻɽʱ
ɽһֱŵüͷɣֻҡҡ׹֪״̬ҲܲáīۼֿǰסɫһƬ԰׵ɽ۾ְīȻ㼱е¿ڵ
û磬ǲʶѾˡң̫ˣʶҲҡ
ֵġһֱѲΪʶ⣿
ɽī֮󣬵ͷüģĲ֪ЩʲôīĵԺͻȻЦЩĵ
ԼʲôˡңҲʶڵطһɺǿ
ûɽ˵㿪˿ڡ
ǲ
ֻɽֻһֹס˻ظһĪҲʲôɽĿҲȫ֤Ĳ²⡣
ɽ
ôܣ
ī̲סоεȵĳޣĮȻ䡣ǳʧ侲ˡ
ҵʶηǿħλֻɽ硭ɽûаѻ˵̫ףֻڳǸء
Ҳ̽Ϊʲô᲻Ҳ֪᲻˺޷ǰϾҲЩֿǹ
㿴ԽԽʹı飬иʮٱʹš
ʲô㲻Ը㡭Ըҡ
ͷһԼЩۿȻ󻺻̧ͷüᶨĿ⿴£Ȼ㲻ԸҾȥ
ɽī⻰ͬʱƺ뿴ߵһۣȴֱ˴ĬĶûж
ûа취һȥ׷µʶģͬԴûа취ɽԪ̽èʲôأֻ޹
£ǿжΪ¡
ڹ˲ôˣǹ˵ãè
ɽīǿһ˿ѿЦ⡣
ǾͷоΪһˡ
ϵģζûκλֻһͬĬĬĵ˵ͷ
ֻȷһǶ˲֮ΣͺãϾѾİèһ֮
۾סµ֮̾͸ܵ¾ЩЪ˹
ôèʲô
èèĵ
͸һ⡣
ڽҡ
ǰ㻹һţԵϻһƬš
¸ӵĲ֪룬ȫĴԭء
Ԫͼһһµʶһ׽´ʱȻЩų⡣
èҡ

è

ǣ
ãȻԭأѾûа취жˣһпҪǸϸ˿Ҹˡ
״ӽԪµֻĿ״̬ԽԽ㡣
£㡣
èҡ
ңè
ң
ĺĿ˽㡣
ã㡣
֪ˡ
˵Զ㣬ѡŵһ̡
Ҿ֪ˡ
Ԫӵס»ʶֻϵ⣬ʶδ֮󣬱Ѹٷء
Ԫոջع飬һѪӿͷǿҲҪת£ְѪȥ
ŵüͷչԪסһ̣ŵľ˹
ʲôԶ˲䰲
ֻǡ
ʱܵȵһζҪĻ̲סһ䡣
ƭӣһûзᡣ
һ۾ͿԺЦݻֹסɢ
ô죿
ôϲƭӡ
ô벻ƭӡ
㿴ѹæڡ
èоô
ţ̫á
¸Ҫ˵ڵĻ۵ʱ򣬾ͷﻹбˣһͿʼ졣
һ䲻̫ãټѸٴӲ԰תΪǺɫǼĲС
лҪ˵ллСɰǵ֧֡
ǵղŶ
:ˣΪʲôбˣΪʲô˲ң
:ί--ûаΪҵֻ㡣
:

41

¿ΪԼ۽, Ǳ޻ůֳʵ
֧֧Ľ͵
Ҳ, õġ, ǡϴΡ
Խ˵ԽС, ӬһֱսҪӡֻ˦һֵ
㿴һ, Ȼ˲ʲôƵֱӵ
û¶ͺ, èû¶ͺá
Ҫ˵ָ˻ȥֻЩεĵ
оôλǰ, ҡ
ɽЦһ, ˵ԭ֪ڳȴʶȤĴµĻ˵
¹, žͺá
ɽ仰⡣
ζҵʶȻҲܽġ
½ž͵лΪεգ¡
л, Ժ󶨵
ֽµĻ
ԺҶر֮ġ
ỹɽģеġèǷʲô
¹ӿ״̬ܺ, ʶûܵʲô˰ɣ
οڵԴһֱĬī
ɽΪ׷ʶѪڣǲԼʶոǿӿǿѪҲ
±˵ˣΪʶȴһʸжûбֳ
µûôֱ˵
, ҵʶδ𡣡
ɽЦеĵ
ǲ֪¹оǺ龰ùҲأ
ڲ˶е̫ˣͶȥһѯʵ
ô¶ʶܵʱˣû¶ɣ
㿴Լգ۾ӣЦŨŨ̹Ȼ
Ұͨߵݸоˡ
¾ȵüȻſڻشɽ⡣
ҿδһЩ¶ˡ
˻һ˶ϸţ©һ֡ҲֻǶ̶̼֣͸ԼһС
ħУ硭¿һߣΪ仰ͬʱסˣ
»ϵͬʱīϵ˲䱬𵴿
վڴǰס£ɫƵĵ
оǺ⣿
ī
ͼ磬ҵȻҪѵ
Цһ޼Ļص
ʻǣ˵ʵȴҲǡѲֻǧʢֻô
̲סһ˲ļһ䡣
޴İԵ
īƤӣܡԲڿڣֱӶֱȽϺãĲⱳԴС
ֻʱɽȴ˼ܡûһıս״̬תµ
¹˵׵ĺˣ
ĴƵĻص
ȷҪ˵ô
ī۾Ȼȫ䱸Ŀ¡
Сˡɣī׿ʼһжǰ˵ıһһˣһһɽǱõĹ
īȷʵǲ˽ǵģȻ᲻֪Ҳ£ȥΪðա
ɽµĻֻЦһٴʵ
ɽأ
ɽ磿
ɽ磬֪¹ûʲô˵ģ
һͷˮɽ粻ʧǧôôӴɽ磿
ûĶعͷʱͿһʲôɽ磿ı顣ü
˵ͣĵطɽϢҵԪҲˡ
㣬֪סҲʲô
㹻ϢԺĺ㹻ҪϢܸӳȶĺ
Ļ۾΢΢Ӧһŵ
Ҳ֪ֱӱٻȥġҲ֪Ǿɽ磬ҲûиܵɽֻǾãӦǱӡʲôڿӦɽ类ӡ
ӡ
ǵʲôܹһӡأʲôܹӡΪǿʢɽأ
ÿﶼж
ֻǻͬʣΪʲôΪʲôҪɽӡɽڲ⣿ǡ
ɽĬúŵ
Ժ󡭡
µȻ˼
һᾡԿ
ֱ˵˿ûһҪɽ˵ľ
ԡ
µȻ֪ΪʲôҪܾ
Ժ󲻻ˡΪô¶ŻģԺ˾ͲôǱˡ
㾲ؿֻʾͷϸ˵
۸һССвŵ˵ͷ
һ￴ҵĵطˣȥ
磿
ɽЩȣԭΪ˲Ǹڣû뵽ĵ硣
ǣһȺɽİɽΧĸɽƺйɵĳԲΡ
ɽЦüһīɫҲЩŹ֡ɽЦӯӯĿǶһۺ˵
¹ӽͺúϢɣٴǹȥΣ
ɽ˵ûǻػֱ׼ţҪīɲ֪Ϊʲôְֱỽ֡
߰ɡ
ɽīԶԺЩԸĳµ
ôʲô˵
¿ѹı飬Ϊʲô˲õ¶أ⻰һʱЩЦá
磬˼ҵĵ̶Ҳ˵Ļƾټҵʲôʱڲͼ򵥶ˡ
ĺ㣬˭֪ȴԽԽίһƲͽ˻
ˣ
±һ仰˲ۿ
ԲҲá
ϵͷƴҡš
ңûб㡣
ûйϵ
èΪʲôΪʲô㲻Ҫô
ѹίµĳۡ
ô᲻Ҫ㡣ֻǣֻǡ
Ҳ֪Ҫô˵źãϾԤ֪Щ¶¶˶٣۾򴦲˵
ɽ磬ӡ˵ӡɽģ塣
ôɽ羿˭ӡľͲԶ˰ɡ
΢΢ȵͣûбʾ˿ľȣЦһ
èΪˣŲ
ǰһ
赭дĸŷЩĵ
ԣԵèסˣҲģ֮ǰԺ󿴵ʲôסҶġ
²֪ûĻϣǵȻĵ
ţҲңҲ뿪ҵġ
˲䣬һķ˿ͻȻ̾˿
ڣҶǵһèεˡ
ʧЦ
ôǣǵһǵڶ
㱻Цֽ˵
ôīû
ðɣʵڲȡ֣Цݻֱ䵭ˡ
˭֪أöôȻ֪ʲôжء
ī:жҲܲô
:ôˣǲǹô
ī:һʱ֮Ҿ޷
:Ҳ˺è
ī:ݡ
Ȼɻ˴ϵ
Ҳ֪ī֪֪ԼӾԼ                        
лҪ˵ǰˣСɰǡ
оҵľǲƽ̫ˣԺӿȵġ
һдģٶûУ˸뷨ͿʼдˡдģܲϽԺݻǰĶϵġ
ллСɰǵָ֧
ղأղأղذ

42

ô֪ܲ
㷭˸, Ȼǳµģ˵
оīǸʲô˿֪ˣ, ˪, ĮһСɽ⿴Ļ, ̬Ҳ˵Щһīףͨ, ܻΪ翴, Ҳ˻
û뵽ԼøĽְɣԲīϲ
һķ˼ı顣Цɫıʯ, ĳ
˵꿴µһʱЩˡ
ЦųƤһգ۵

ʧЦ, ָĻص
Ҳܴ
½Ժ˵
ôɺһӦþͲɺôˡ
ûЩߺ۵ĳ, ЩξһС
ֻŬøǿȥһ㹻֧֣ȶĺ󷽡
޺֮ǵȥһУΪԶվԼ
뵽ЦĸӲõĿǰ, ҲͬЦŻؿ
۾ԽԽްղܵҪʱ
, ڸܵĳʱһǿԼߡ
:èô
:
ٿʱͿһίı, ֻܳˡ
˵ΪʲôӴɽأɽǱӡŵģҾ㶼ûвɽﰡ
в£þС
Ȼˡ
ҲΪԼأͨ߾ɽý鰡˵ͻȻһааЦš
㿴ܹԤ֪ʶܴռʱ䡣ңȫҵϢԲűɽ绽ߵİɡ
¡
ʲô˼
ǡͣϴת
·˸㣬ӸǺú󼱼˵
˺ˣ֪ˡٸҽˡ
ǣ˵ʲôܳǸȥ
ЩҵЦЦȻߡ
¸ܵԼµʱ򣬲ŵӽһ
ܿͷˣתһݶʯڡ֪˶ãͬʱŤͷ˴˶һۺѸٵתؽŶʯڡ
ȻԼͬЦ
ʯڶ徲ľݶÿ
š
ʯҲ徲ľ
š
ĵطõĵط
Ȼƨĵĳ൱á
ֿĵõڹ͡
֪Ҳǡ
Ҳǡ֣è
û
ûС
ԺַֻʽԤ֪ͨ
붨ֻһʼ㲻Լ츳һֱɳԲŻεķʽ֡
ţ֪ԼݡҲǳȥ
š

һֱûСſµҸèһè츳ΪԪʧȥ˼䣬èֻƾ
̧µĲŵĺ˵
èõģʱҵһЩܻڵġ
֪µĵģԼֺγء
̫ˣɳ̫ˡ
գӦҪȥĵطȻûô׾ͳеġ
λͣʱûˣԼ³Ŷһ
ֻǴһ£ûб˼
ֻǣǻûŶиСΡΡͨ롣
üͷһֻ
öˡ
Ӧ֮СţСһ·ľսģٿڲסЦ⣬ʵ
ô¶
յ¶˵
챻ˣҵýٰš
ΪŲˣڱЦţ֪
ſڸոһվͿһ۵ĺ£ԼôȻ͵˲ݺӵӰ
ͷЦһ£ԼǵҪץʱˡ
Я߽ʱһֱͬЦĲ̲ڤ˲ųĻЦ⡣
ȫɽֱӳǿ첽ӭСû뵽绹ܼλ
ĵĻʱĳƺȻΪʱϵľϲȴʮʮʵ⡣
֪ڣ֪ܼڼ̲סĵ׵Ļϲϵ
㿴ǰ˷ĵЦգһ龰ʱһľȱ顣ͬЦȴԴ˸еĵ
Ҳû뵽绹ܼ嫾
Ҳŵͷ
ڤ
еע嫾ָˡĳµ˵ͷĿ⻹εķϡ
:̫ˡôһӡ
ڳĲֻˡ
Ҳ嫾һ֮ڣ˭ʸڤһ嫾˭ڤȻƺء
ɽϵЦҲȸղࡣ
ԭڤλСʶ
嫼ѵĽĿƿ
һ֮Ե
ɽ治ɫĵ
ȷʵԵһ氡
ʱӹɽĻʵ
֪ҶǰΪ£
ΪǼɡ
ɽǲƵĿ˵
Ҹڤ̸СѱˣҪȥԼ֮ؿһڤһͬȥԲŽλ˹
ɨǶˣĵϣ׻ǳˡ
΢΢ʩһл
СĻܵС֮ӣҡ
һ仰ͰӪ
츳ض˵ֻƾڤصһ㣬㹻£ˡ
īһž仰΢˱Ѹٻָ
Ѿðϰźˡ
ɽ˵ͷתе˵
ΪСĵط׻ʥأԱðȥ׻峤ϴ˸кҪ˹͡
һ仰Ȼָڤˡ
ˡ
ɽڤһЦ
ڤ롣
ڤȴûֱߣȻͷһۣºһЦתжȥ
ī׼õĴ󷨣˶̤ʱɽỽһ
īĬĬ߽󷨣վɽ
ԭЩҲֲīģī֪µݵǼ٣˽һоô¶
Ҫīûܴ磬粻ģġ
֮ΪʲôҪһͬǰȥ׵ġ
ص֮īѹֵɽȻܸоЦݵ΢΢ųĺ
īǸӲӣڻͷˡ
ģī׵¶һעġǼ١
ɽüͷ塣
֪Ҳ˼
ǡĸ֣ûһ˿ô
ҵȻտڰ仰͡
īЦһ
˵ûлɹβһôǸ˵ģɣҲ˵ôˣô
ī
ī뵽۾ıϣ̾
ڤĵѾһĿȻˡ
ԼҪߡô꣬һˡ
׵ĳϣʧȥΨһɡ                        
лҪ˵İĴϣܵõСɰǵİ
ǰˣǣôôգ

43

ǰ龰һģһ, ֻڵ̤̤ʵʵվڴ֮ϡ
ڤ
һλľϵվڴǰ, ǰ˹ʩһ
ϡ
ɽߵ˵ͷ˵λС, λ
Ҳ˵ͷ, ؾصʺһϡ
:ϾпèĳȻҪӡ
ɽ
Ͻǰһ, ָǰһɽ˵
۾΢΢һ
ɽ
, ˵ɽīԶǱ
Ȼпֻǡ
īصģȻԱͲûкɫ
⼸춼ûмīף֪´Ļǵ, ֪
, ˰ء
»īһ׼΢ЦȻϳѯʵ
ɽɽ֮, һռɽ
µĻ󣬱Щĵ
ⰫɽҰ׻ʥأгϣԼѪ˶ɽɽ治ٰ
¸ոյĻһ£Աܸҵµ֮ء
һϷ, Ҳɽֻɼһѷ졣
˻һڳļעһ·Ŭʲô, ȫһ˼ı鶢
аǣӦǵĿ󣬳һͷ˵èǰ˵ġǰɣ
̵˵ͷ϶Ļ
ţĶûмǵô, 
תͷϵһط
üǺܿ϶˵
Ϸΰ׻峤꣬û˵ĵط
ȻˣǽȥȷһΪðɣѯ˵з˵
嫾
ԴμԺһһ嫾еĳĻŭŵģȻ˵ʲôӦġ
͸˵ˣǱҪŪġ
ϣǽȥ
˻вܵĵ
˴ɽ½ɽڲԺǰ㡣
˵¶ЩûκӡģǸɽҲǼǵģģġԶɽⲿļǴʱȴᳵ·ĸо
˵иˡ
˵
͸ֱߣè
µ˵ͷ
ţҲǸ
˵š
èҵļһûлָҲ֪Ҿﶺʱһɽѡ
¡ðɡ
īԽԽˣһ·ԹƵɽһ·ĸо
ڳļλȻҲˣֻȫĬûгѯʡ
ססʱġ
İϳߵī
ôǰ׻ĵطôϤʲôˣǸèᡭ
īһۣıɽҲе㱣סصɻˡ
㴫ʱû˵
Ͽıô¶ˣеĵ
˵
ȣȿȣ
ȷʵֻè
ʲô
һֻèôᵮǰ׻ʥأǻ
еıѪһֻèѪٴ֮ѪҲֲ˵ġ
èѪͬٺãõĹ׻õõĹβЩϹŴ壿
˵ڤͬʱصèˡ
԰ʵ̫𾪣Щǰλɻعͷ
ī:ô¶ð׻һ֮ôô׾ʹСֵġ
ͬо䣬Ҽ߾ͺá
Ц󣬿»ص֮ǰĽü
īûٴʻ˵
òôȣˣʹֻèҲֻ㿴͸èѪΪжϲĻҪң˵ԡ
īͣһ£ȻζĻ˵һðϸ𾪵Ļ
֮⣬Ϊ˵ͨߡ
ΰûо˲ӿľκһʱʧû˵ĻͷΧۡ
ͨߣڡڵһ
ϲ󽥽侲İϣٴοī
벻ǣ˵˲㡣οô֤Լɡ
ī˵㲻ٶԡ
ֻǰϵʺֹһ㰡
еͨߣû˵Ǹֻèġ
ҲϹµͨȺеġ
û̫Ļҵʱ䣬ǰŲһٿڵ
ˡ
Цſ϶һ¡
ȷʵ
ɽվ˵ߣ̺ܵü
ж
ǡΪʲôֻеܸоʹһǽ֮ĸɽûиܵ˿
ڤȻûй¶ԼϢĶҲܸȤͬһվߣǶһһٻ
ĸ̥
ξڤﶼ˾ȣ˲Լͬ𾪵Ŀ¡
ʵˡ
ֲ֮ǰܲĸ̥Ϣֲð׻֪طĴڡ
Ϊ£˲ˣһˮɰ˳
ÿһͨ߶ǱģԲùͨɽ硣
ͨҲǿĸ̥Ⱦܺܺһ㡣ܹڳʱĸ̥Ҳֻʥˡ
Ҫ֪ʥΪͨߵЩӣǺεȵĻԻͣбȼħڤ˼ˡ
ɴ˿ɼ¶˵ǶҪˣֻǻͬʡ
ͨģġ׻ĵôһֻèأ
ΪˣҲ̲ס̾
ī˿Լ飬ɽϲɫӳء
ɽҲǿĵġǣīǺָô죿
һʼ֪ī׿ͨʱȻйɡϾī׵֪ģͨߴġ
ֻī׵Ԥ֪ȷдڵģʱҲ̽ġ
˵ľãɽʧô꣬ͨҲʧôꡣ
ԣһΣͬ˰ɡ
ǡī΢ͷȥԼ΢ŵü
ɽߵǰһЦôʵ⿴¡
֮ɽͨ߰è»ع顣
֣صĻ·һǰδеĸ߶ȡɽǴ糹׽ͨߵݡ
֣ͬصĻص
¶Ѱɽ磬ʢ
ڤеĺ紺Цݣ
ϲˣҲϲ¡
Īľվߣ˳ֱ½ס֡
δֵ֧ģͨ߹ȻȨӦҪ縺Ҳۡ
ҲԲһʲôúõͨߵġ
ĸ̥Ҿˡ
¿ǳǳЦ˵
ʹĻص
Ȼԡ
ĸ̥һͨ߳ʱͻᱻߣͨ츳ĳɳ˵Ǳزٵġ
ֻǲ֪Ϊʲô»ĸ̥ҪΪʲô¸ߣΪʲô³ʱûһ˿Ӧ
лҪ˵˵һΪʲôİΪȥ˹̳
̳ǰҡ
׺˧׷ҪˣФս˰ˣһҲܺðϣҵͷ
̳ҡ
ҾԼ̫ˣרİԼͺáлΪͶƱӪҺСʹŶ~
л[ӪҺ]Сʹ
һ~~ɫ 10ƿ
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ

44

½ĸ̥պ֮, ڼĿµЦۣڼ˿ķգգ۾, Ȼ˵
츳, ǵԼγ, 뿪ġ
治ɫĳ£¶ûһϵһ
ϵЦݲ֪, Խ˵
һʼʲô֪, ΪԼֻͨèչңҲнյġ
ĺƤ, 仰Ҳɵ̧ͷ, վסԼ缸Ҫ˵ʲôӣȻЩС
㱾ҵè
:衭˫شô
ī:λ, һͨߵռ
һ:Ҳ

ڤϷĽζģĿǰûгֹսĴ㣬ҲԿ
ڳĻһλ֮˵ġ
¾Ϸһ², ֪ܷ̣
ô˵أϲǰ, Ȼ˾ơǣʵĲʵҶʰ
µȻװΪ׻峤˼ִжȵĻص
ϣ޷
¾Ұ׻֮ص, ¾ǲóʱ¶ǡ
˼ԲˣֻͨгʱľԼΪġȻڰ׻ʥȻ׻ĿԸЩ
һǿѪΪİ׻
ðɣ㲻ǰ׻츳ʥ԰ɡβһ԰ɣôͣôֻèأ
˵Ķԡ
:ո˭˵˺š
ʵĿ϶ֻһˣԼ˶ڰĵµĻش
ȷʵҲ֪ôˣǾʵʵ˵ɡ
ΪڱŵǶʱ䣬ɽҲɽʶ˵ֻгΪһֻèܸõĹͨɽ磬ȻԻ͡
:ȿȣģû
뾪
ʶ
ôܣ
ѵʱɽ绹ûʧ٣
Ƿʡ
ɽѾʧȥټǧꣿѵǧ֮ǰ
ЩȻĵ
Ҳǣɽʧ֮һεͨ߱Եɽ磬ֻһ·
ͻȻּĿ¡
ʶ
εЦдϣŵֽһ¡
Ҳ̫һɺǿֻɽŴڵʶ

ͻȻص˿ǸɾǺ񶾰
ҵ˵ĺܶԡЦſż˵ҾҳΪһֻèһȷѡ񡣡
Ϊϲ
ڤǴǳЦҡҡͷ˵Ҳ̫٣̫ױ˴ˡ
ǣ̲סĳΧ
ҲǸȷѡ񡣡
ǰϲèڣϲ㡣
īݻĶڣζĻ
Ϊʲôȥˣ常Ҫô
ī׿еί
īЩۣô᲻Ҫ㣬ôٶ㡣
ȻǡīŴī׵Ļ󣬲˵
Ѿ֤Լͨߵݣִʾܻбʡֻǵ㡣
Ѿ֤Լô찡ôͨߣӦûúûɡ
īЦֹɡ
ţ֤ͨߵôˣⲻǺܺôб䣬Ҿ常߲Ǹô
ѯīԽԽĳǣоеɢĺ·ڽ
ǣ֮ǰԤ֪ҸЩᣬԡ
īīĻĻֲ̿
ôᡭû˵ͨ߰常²ǼǴ˰ɣѵҲͨ常ͲҪˡ
ǰû˵ͨߣԼҲֻҸ˵ԼҲ֪𰸵İɣҲ֪ɽǾԻ֧ԼԼġ
īǺܿ϶Ļش
Ȼᡣ
īһظеӵĵ
常ģһŬԼڵ¶常鷳ġ
ڣ㲻ع̫ࡣ㣬رľͺá
ī׿ī߳ŵıӰü߸ߵᳶ˳ǡ
Ȼҵʼվû
īӿ˽ŲĿĵţ֪ô򵥵˼֪ʮа˷ֶװģǣԼ
ԽԽ˰
˵ī׻һݣǰصĶӣͻˡ
īͻȻ侲סŲʱǰľʱһ£ȻЩȻЦЦ
һ֮⣬Ψһһˡ
˵īķ羰ãһ𹬡
ıټûһҲаǧ˰ɣСһȥĵطС
Ψī룬ֻһΪ
֪ϹŵĴ壬Լĵ̲ʩľҪһ÷羰
ī뵽ԳЦЦΪⱲʲôˣûȥںʲô
ȴԭⱲʲôûУȥںʲô
Ψһ¸ҵһΣѾ
ֻ֮еɽɫȴصĿ¡
ڤȷʵ
Ҫλֻ̫Ҳ֮ˡ
嫻һ绯ĳȻӣֻ³ڵ̲סһĵģ
ȷ
ɽ:ôӦУħ綼򵽼ſˣ㲻Ҫһ޹ص
:
ɽģҲˡ
:ûôأ
ɽ:˵Ҳߣ˵ˡ
ĲӿһƬƽļһĬš
ջǡèҪ嵱ͨèô嵱ͨء˼롣
ʽһЦȻ˼ҶôˣҲܲʾǱȥɣλħǲӻˣȾָ䡣
ɽҲЩǲǻˡ
ʦҲ򲻸˵ֻġɽ˵Ժûٿת嫵ڤ֮ħΪ
嫷ʵ
ħΪ²
ɽûлش嫵⣬ԹԵ˵
֮꣬Ҳҳɳɽʧ֮󣬼ϹŴ廹ãʥ޵ܵĴνءѾǰˡ
嫻ǵЦŻӦһ¿Ļ
ҰģϢ
ɽͻȻЦˣȻЦԽԽ͵

ڤߵɽǰһƽϢ󣬱ü۸͸˵
ǣҾܲ
ɽü
עһˣ
ƫͷ
ʤȯա
ɽĿת㣬΢˵
ãǾڤʤȯհɡ                        
лҪ˵:о
ī:Ϲ˵ī׿
:ţˡ
ī:
ôղأۡ
ղأղأղذ
ǰ

45

ʼնһɴݵĹЦ⿴˵
ɽ˵Ӷô˵ʱҲͬ, ʦȷʵǲô˵ģʦ϶Ƕ֡
:ʦҽ, ҲǸ˼˵, Ǽ˫
:Ҳ˭, һ
:
صסĶݺԵųĬš
Ϊڤ, 嫾ûһҪرܵľ, ֪ϰʹȻʹȻ
ɿΪʲôѽ
ð, Ϊħ¶û, ҪҲû
˶ķԼĴƳĬȽϺá
ָˣ
εĿʳ仰ʱڴ˷ܵһڤ
ûС
һʧ㵺, ĵ
㣬ôᡭһֱ嫾
ĬһºЦ˵
;ǰԼ϶ôС
嫵ֹ
㻹˽Լء
һÿɷӣҲûҪߵ˼ɢɢĽӿϣʵ
ǰ¶, ܸ˵˵ôӦúɣ
µͷܿ嫲Ŀ⣬ĺܲϰǰܵĶ, ᲻ƿϲƣҪĸо
ɫ糣Ĺ˹ǣ˵
ҾûԼȽϺãأ
ϹŵаЦѸ, üͷһ˵
嫾ԳƺΪ
΢ɼһ˿ζЦ⣬ȻֵĿڵ
ã
˵ûתʵ
Ǵͨߵ磿
ҡҡͷ
һһߡ
˵󣬼ԼѹסЦ⣬й˵ġ֣ͻȻͱ˲١
ҲãһȥҲá嫵ͷһ£ЩѱֳǿڵǸħӡ𣿡
仰ɣŬһ¡Եɺ֮һΣֻ֪ɽʧеϵҵʱû
һһ䡣
ǣ㹻ǿġ
ħжǿڤӦ˰ɡ
̾˿ӭںĿЩЦ⡣
ħԴɽʧ֮󣬳ֵĴԽԽˡɴֱħѡ˸ɫĺħˡ
Ȥ˵Ȼſʵ
ԽħħӦòͬһˣ
Դžϲġ
ԭϼһˣ
仰￩һ£ʧЦ
ôܣʲôء
ӦħˣҲһжŵģȻħ粻ܻô
Ҳ˵ԼǸʲô飬ϣãϣá
ֻһᵭ˵һ䣬˵
ϾǧˣʲôˣҲúõĲ˰ɡ
㵹ûô뷨̱ϵıֱƵ˵
ϣǲҲν
Ҳɫһ䡣
ôνˣڵʵֻŰɡ
㶡
ڵң㻹ǵһʱڵ˶ô
ʧЦԼʱ˼ˡ
ԣȻעҪͽҲҲù׼ľݽ
пһ䡣
ǰ
㶨Ŀ嫺þãŷ嫿ڵġ
һŵ嫾ǵ½ĸ̥ٳɣھǹȥˣҲǺ塣
嫵˵ͷ˵
ţħ绹ֻ궯ļȥҲ޼£ҡ
ʲôû˵ȴס
û˵ڵľλ˵ħ
ǵһĸ̥
ͻȻתĻʶľ˳
ʲô
Ϊʲô
û̫һķš
ͬͬԴһȻкôô²Ը⣿
µȻ᲻Ը⣬ǰĸ̥ҲԸġֻ벻ڤΪʲôͻȻô˵
嫵ĻͿ˿ڣĻȴЩвζ
л嫾Ҹµ¶ˣ嫾㶴֮
ͻȻӦֵ̬ô¶ˣĿһۣȻ󿪿ڵ˱
ҾͲŶλˡ
ߺתͷ㣬Ϳ˫ֲվڴһءȻЩЦ»ǰһص
ִ֪˵̬һס£ٿèϢʱˡ
ϾҪĸ̥ˣıþźá
ɴҲƤıסµ
Ӧÿҵʶĸ̥ģҵҲĸ̥ܵģҲͬԴˣ
±ֻװɫĻԽԽ䣬û˵ȥֱӴĻ
ȷҪôҽô
è
»ĴδйЩ֪룬ָʶĲϵɢķ
Ҿ
˰ƿİԲĵ
ҡ֮ǰѪ̫֮أͬͬԴϢұ㣬ҵԪԴ֮޽֮ͬԼ
˿ѹסԼﱩǵŭ⣬δ˵ĺ޹һˡ
īףǺԼ
Ĵ磬ݶǽʹ֮ϵġ
㻳ԳЦЦʲôʸأʲôʸ㾡еĶԼá
ǷԼһԼɽʧܷ֮˵ڡܵ
Լεºܡ
è϶˰ɡǲ̫˽ˣèΪ϶ᱣԼģҲŬǿҵɽ磬ȻǸħġ
ҿ϶úûȥģһҪȥء
Щæҵֺġ
˰ԣ˰ҶУǧԼˡԺһʲô¶Ҳˣҡľֻһ¶û˵ұ֤ԺҲˡ
ԭһκòã
ĲеʱǰЩʪȣŲ֮һѽ´
èèң֪ˣ
ԼǰʪһƬۣҲҪˡ
¿˵ۿͻȻΪЦ
ԼǺεºܣҡ
ûֻǺܿģܹܿΪһСܹܿˣܿģܿԸͬ빲
Ĳ
С۵˵
˵Ͳ˵˰ɡ
´ǻİСĵĴսǸͬΪһеˣжԼû
£Ҳĺܰ㡣
èԶǹġ
±۾ͬʱһỹûסĻ
ֹסβá
ķһıԴжۣڳʹҪչ˵ʱΪ˱˰ԼŪǸӵģȻԼʱжѰ
һŻԵԼжѹôʱΪһֱԼ֪Ϊһʱж౰΢
ôһˣԼĬĬЩʲô
£ǻ쵰
лҪ˵ôղأ۰
ллСɰǵĵϲĻͰҴؼҰɡ
Ҫһֱ¸
Ҫһ¸ңӳȥһкõĻġ

46

ٴ۾ʱ, 飬ÿÿ붼ܿ, еı顣
Ǳ޵©һ, ȻͲɿصЩ١
Ÿ֮㾫, Ȼ˵ıʱȻɵѪڡ
ҹºɬİʾջ, ư
ԼڿһѾȫʧȥ, лЩģļʱԼЩ¡
ڣһĴӼµ۷Իعʱ, ¼ʱֹҪһϵ뷨
Ȼ󡭡
̾˿ŶΣ, ڱ۾¡ûǴĶһ, Ǹĸ̥
ΪʲôҹĻҪ·¿϶ҪδȻɡ
ĳ̫ݣҲΪ˵δ룬ýԵĻܾûа취һ·ȥˡ
˵, ڵǿͬˣҲǡ
㿴½ëһ, ԾĴǰȥҪһ£ֻ񲻾һɨʱ̾˶Ūµģֻʣۡ
µĲһֱ΢ɵڣĿһƬǽ塣ȴЩбĺۼڿΪ
۾ʱͿߵӸؿڴɨš
ʵʰ··¸ܵʹҪԼе˹ĥС
̲ס˿ڿˮ, һ£øĺۿȥˡ

µʱ̱ͬһůãЦӯӯİ˵ڡ
ˣĸ̥Ժоô
ؿʾȻʵ
أ
ŵŬһ¡
ûʲôرĸо˵ԥһ²ŵèû
һ²ŷӦֻοƵĺܺõûǺֻжĵĺţɫһƬ򶨵ķ
ûУΪʱ䶼ĸ̥ˣûʱΰɡ
΢΢𣬺ɫתһȦ
Ŷ
¿оЩЦ̧ͷ˵
ǽȥ䣿
ûлشºʱȥ䣬һܵĿֳ˵
ǲǳ˵һ죬һֱδīװ
š
ܵԵɵĵ
ˣ֮ǰȥǵġ
µͷ˵һ䡣
֮ǰεī׳Ϊδ֮ˡ
ûκüʵ
ţȻأ
ԣ֪ܲδ¶
Щ˵
èĺܣοοΪҵĹϵһ˽⣬Լ츳ҲϤ㡭
ĵĻʱɬޱȣôΪء
ȴ˳Цŵ
ΪҪܱԺҪʱʱźðɡ
㰲رһߣؾصİ˸ơ
㡣
á
ա
ڸУȻĸ̥ѾʱȥħΪˡ
㻹ǡīףվվīǳЦȻĿͬ˵ʲôЩȻĴӣֻȴЩЦ⡣
Լƿģûϵٰġ
Ȼɽ֮е¿϶ߣǹȵһ䡣
ҲҪһȥ
ɽ⻰ǳ˵ģȴ˵Żͬʱ㡣
Ҫ˵Щʲô㣬ǰᶨĴ
ԡ
ȻֳһЦݵ
ڹ˽ҶӦȥġΪԼûҲΪ硣
ɽȻ֪¾Բܸı˵ġԤĻ˼һڤء
ߵ¸ǰҪµļٷοʣɿ˽ţǣŵ˿ûзֿ˼ʱЩε¸첲һ¡
Ҳš
ɽ:ڡģճΪ˴̼Ѿȫϰˣġ
ԲˣǾԲᱻ̼ġ
ģ
ɽϵЦǼģüĿӢӲʵӣЦƻˡ
ǾˣøͨɼӲа
лˡǲˣ¶˶಻һͺáɽĺͻȻ׳һûͷûβĻ
ɻǵµһμʱԣ
´˻һīжʱһֻϻŬһĮȻ֮ɫ
ǣ֮ǰصɽô
ɽЦţȴ档
ͨ츳ѣԲ
Ǵհ˵
ǰ;յ㾿ʲôŻԼ˵ġĪµĻźá
Ȼ
ɽ̲סĿ¸һֱŵ֣Ļһ䡣
ȼ׼Ҫߵʱɽֳ嫵ıӰһ
ڤ
嫻ʵ

ɽ첽ߵ嫸ǰһһֵ֣˵
ڤ֮ԸҲ֮Ը
Ƶı嵭٣ظɽһŵ
Ըġ
Ŀ˷ʧ˿С
ī׿¸Я뿪ıӰͻȻԼĺƽ¶û˵һ仰ܹĿֻܳӰѾ֪ˡ
ϾϾͻټ˰ɡ
ȻѲǵİèԼû
ֻǣֻǡڰԼӶѡ
صǲɢˣīīˡ
īס
īʩһ񹧾ĵ

īҲ΢ʩһûпڡ
ʵڲ֪˵һھͱ¶Լһ˼ɽʵ̫˽ˡ
ǵ͹ɽ˽⡣
ɽûī۾һɨ;ĲͷԼ仹΢΢Щζ׹Ŭǲŵ
ڤ˴ǰΪħ翪ʼڷˡ
ʲô
īȷʵǾˣȻ֪ڤһȻ򵥣Ҳû뵽˲Ĵ¶
īҲһŵӼʵ
ħѵѾ뷲ˣ
ɽİݼˣĵĻص
ĻҪڷħ總ʹرħȻڤǾ˵ڱصˡ
īĵĻԼҵ¡
磿
ɽĿī
ѾڤľˣԶվɽһߵġ
ī̽ӵ
ɽ磿ѵ
ɽЦŴĻ
Ӧÿ˰ɡʧ֮ѹ˿ǧˡƽѹ̲סĿҪˡ
īɫĵ
ɽ硭Ͼɽ绹δ֣ǡ
˵ޣī˼
ɽֱӴĻ
ֻһѡҲֻһѡ񡣡
īֵֻ̻̿Ӧǡ
ֻһѡôҺϲ仰ء
ʱ֮䣬ҲĳĬš
½ǳѰţҲǰδеľĬ
òǰ㻹ڵ㣬ûء
ʵѹסһֱתĻˡ
˳ĬЩʲôأ
ϺܿĻ
ʲô
һȻЦЩֲĵ
Ȼҵĺøˡ
赭дһ仰ڤ˲ĬͬʱҲһ亹
ôʱ򡭡                        
лҪ˵ôôգСɰǣ
һдĿ϶кܶĲ㣬ҶŶ
һɡ
ղأղأղذ

47 2

, ˵ӦĵҪ˰ɡ
ڵĻЦЦҲͬġҪɡ
֮, ħ, ڤ, Ϊس硣ΪǰĻ壬ƹĪ硣
, λ, ˾ְ档֮ûκ
ΪħǽԲֻصġ
һƬʱ, , ¶ʱڱǹϵ֪ܵѡһ·໥֣໥, ħ۾
ɽĵ۾ԺҲʱʱҪħܣÿÿҪ˵ǰһԶ߲źá
ǰǸӵİЦģЦǺε
磬ôħķ羰ôð, ɽȤˡ
ŽճرߣͣѾ, ò
ճأȷֵģϲ˴רй
, ҲȡģȡǶ˵ʱʾǳϲ
̫̰ˣǴڸħĻʱȥɽ񡣡
ɴѽ˽ȥɢббڳرߵ죬˵ĺá
ϲճأϲרҵйϲħ磬Ҳϲһ𡣡
˵ŻͬʱЦѸӶͷ΢΢ƫķ򣬻㽵ĵ
ԺҿˣҪħ翪һΪݻĿջֻסҾ͵һɢĿջƹħŸ磬ǰ
۾˵Żаȡͬ⣬һжڱϵĻϲŭһ۾;ůЦ⡣
Լһ֮ոٵĺڰĺڰ˸ԸУΪ֮ĺڰ˶̲סҪĺڰ
ЩɻǱ۾ȴ߸߹ʵ
ǰɽأ
˫°ͣ΢΢һЦʱչ¶Ща졣
ɽǹžͺˣҲЩôܸɣҾԶħҲûʲôġ
˫ۣһƬڵ·װ
㵹ɣħô
սϸĶ۾˿浹ӳԼֺ̰ɫ󣬲ЩЦ˿
аиĵطǰҪڵĵط
ֵһĶͷ㼱סüӣҲ̲סüͷĵӦûô۰ɣûġ
ǵֲԹСĵĸĶͷࡣ
㰡Ϊɽ۾Ҳ̫̰ˡ˺þ˰ɣûɽȥˣʱһȥġ
쿴ԲԸɫֻٴο˵
ʲôʱƭ㡣
㽫Ŵӳóޱ˵ŴĻ
ðɣǸһҪ
ֹҪԪɽŵľٶ߸Ϻ绽ħԸ˽ţϸĸЬ࣬Ц̧ͷٴ
æϾͻȥġ
ŴЬĶҲ磬©ġǧٱһϤȻ˼Ųء
谮ľٶһƬˡ
ҵŸ硣
ɽȷ˵һȷʵ̫ҪĹʲôġ
ĴڴʱڷλɾܾǸĴڡ
ɽĵ۾Ī⣬ͨٲײβ
۾һиҪ¶Ǽ۾һŬУԲȥ
žʥɾһӦɽλɾĻ
ɽĵ۾ԽԽ˵ԽԽҪĤݡ
Ϊ㹻ذɡ
ʱץĳ˹򶨵Цš
۾֪
һص̲סҧгݵλ黹ǿװ򶨵ĵ۾˵
һԵסЦݣ̬ǹ
۾
һԱȣʱͲˣЩֱ׳ص
С࣬㿴˼Ұôôãȡ
ΪҲż˰
ȣҾʵ̫ˡҪǲҾͲỹŸú˵ˡ
ƤЦⲻЦĵ
̫ûм۾Сʵ̫ˡУ۾
˱ȻӦҲʹ졣
õģСࡣҲĽء
εΪʵ˵
ˡ
ԾǫжȵĻص
Ϊ۾ǣСɷ֮¡
̲ס̾
˵СһôˣôͰûѧ費ػء
Ļһʱİͷһ󣬲ű鲻ĵ
Ҳܺõġ
㿴ЩôߵĹĵ

תֱһС
ΪɽһбǿġúôġƵΪ֣ص˵ͻȻһתָֻ˱ԡ
ǧҪð׻ȸ֪һ˰
ûüشͳֻ
Ѿ֪ˡ
ĶӵıӰʧЦ
ʲô
һһֺ鲻
˭ǲܲ˵İɽӸۡӸģħܡ
΢΢Ƥĵ
۾ˣη壬ԶΪǶ˵֮áʱȴûе۾ѡ
굹ĬȻĵ˵ͷ
С
쵱ȻʳԵģԼͣغŸĵܵܣǳ谮˼㡣
ɽʱҪӶġ
ϲ𣿡
ǰĺɫϼ⣬ɫ׺ŵϼһ·̾ͣԶİӰϹЦʵ
ϲֻǸȥǼҹǶܱļ˹ġ
ΪȻĵ˵ͷֵ
ɽ磬ֻһ
仰ãϲɫ˵
ȻҲĳġ
ӣ
θܸɺã
˲任һȵӡ
ߺʱҲʶˣ
ĺһ취ҲûС
ҲǸոʶģӦûദĺܺõġ
ǵ۾ԼĽɫ޷԰Ρ
ĪҷˣԲŸҸңҲȥħ緳ɡ
ʧЦ
ҵ룬ûʱɽһֱ㡣
¶һƵóѵģ
绹롣
룬롣㻹òҸˡ˵䣬Ȼյߵȥ˼ȡЦ˼ҿڸ˺þˡ
һ˲
ȻȡֵˣħҪʲô˰
һϮ··ĺΪһ壬ƫƫֳȻ޵ҫۡ
嫣λ㣬ɽĵ۾
Ϊ嫵ˣվʧɫħҲͬɫ˹ĿĿȴЦ崺ĵ
嫣ڤһˡ


48

㱾е, ȴԼоӿֳôĻ䡣
ֵ·ǰֿڹܸȫȻü١
ֻǵȥʱ, ȴԹߵ²ؼĴ
˵Ǵ, Щ͸ûϵ, еܣ, ˡ
㿴Żûع, ȻЩȻ𾪡
ڤֻصڤ
һڣȴøС
ǡ
һҲǾܵĿ롣
Ųһ, ˡ
ȴʮĵĻص
ڵ۾, Ҳǡ
Цºʵ
Ǻʱʶڤ
Ҫһ¡
ͬΪƿߣȻʶ, ֻ㣬עЩѡ
˲ԭα¶ɽ۾߸ͬʱҪѹ˵
ʲô˼
óѵֵ
ĪҪˡ
Ҳ̲סЦݡ
Ȥѵð
㻹ϰߵһüȫ޸ղſ̬ȣЦĵ
ƺ, ֻиеġ
΢һ˲ƺھһ޶Ĺϵ, Ȼĵ
ðɣ۾
ЦŵĿ£΢εḧ±ӡ
ҰҲԵġ
ڷĳϿգ½ǣŵͻȻЦ
嫸ӵ, ոջɫͻȻת˲˵ôЦġ
Īǻ̫̼ˣλɽ۾Ҳܲסˣ
ɻ󲻽ʱҲպó˿ڡ
嫾ôأ
嫸һ¡
ʲôң
ǰûе
Ϊʲôô㶼԰
嫾Щ˵ʲôˣͷǳЦһ£ɿ˵
Ϊ㣬һʲôҶӦ
㾲Цû˵
ٴεͷܿĿ⡣
ȻҲǡ
һڿϳ˵ģ˵
Ҿ֪
ԵȻǵĶԻǿסѯʵĳ嶯ĹԹ˴ա
ԴһЩһֱܲáǸûκ˵Ĵţϸ¿϶ǲ֪ġ
ĵ֣㿴ʱŬͶһɿɰֶµЦݡ
Цĸ޼ɵˣܻ´չȥ˵
èֻǾ嫾Щίˣǿһ۸ǽ˺棬Ҳǣҽ
Щж:ðɣǣˡ
ֻǣԽԽӽΪٽħ඼ʱ˵ɫԼͬ
ֺܲõԤС
¿Ե˵
˶һۺͬʱת嫡
ǹһĨЦƽ嵭˲÷
ħ׼ĺְܳҶƭˡ
̵ĵʵ
㶼ƭˣħεħɣ
š
ֺԾǳģԵľ֪ǸҲȥԸ
ıõĵӦ֣ǸҪ㣬㻹ǵ۰Ͱ
ĺᡣ
ĺᣬЩ˳һж֮еӡ
ǡ
ܹעһƾһǻѪĻļƻڡ
˽»ŵ֡
ڣǲôܲҲͬԡ
ʱͻȻ˵
ԡ
С
ɴĻؾλֱʣ˭֪ûʲôжðյġ
Ҳ޷
嫳˸ԲͬʱҲϣܹ΢Ԥ֪һܹõж඼ڵȻҲΪʲôͬ⡣
ܱ֤İȫ˵˵ܼ򵥵ģΪۿռ仹ʱ䶼ܽӽ

ºֱӷžݻڵĻһ
һۣε
ץʱ䣬ֻһۡ
״̬ȫĻֻһ˳
࿴һЩĻֱӰ
㵣ΣգֺγΪðء
ֻǡ˿̵üĽţִɻ
һһƬ
ٽħһǣɵҲǴǣǱȻģڤе£ɷĲˡ
˳µĻ
˼һῴ֮ͬǰһ඼ǣ
˵ͷйŹֵĻһ䡣
ԣ˵ǿġ
̾һ
ǻ˼˰
ָ˵
Ȼܹǡ
ǰܹ඼ɺصʱͻȻһ䡣
֪ӡɽĵصô
㲻֪ǹĻ棬ƫ˻⡣
ô֪ҰɽӡˣɽȻЩˡ
ûٽ׷תͷԶ඼ɵ
㻹̫СӻʱͰˡ
ԼĲζЦһµ
ڻô
û˸ȥ
ҩɡ
Ȼ˹
ԲۣʲôƱ
嫺ֱ׳
ʵı
˷۾һתɵ˵
Ҫ֪ɽӡĵصˣһָɽȥˣڲλ硱ܸṩϢô
û뵽ĻȻתΪν̬˵
֪Ͳˣ㲻ˣ
΢΢ü
ǰܾȵ˰                        
лҪ˵߹
ףڿ֣ԲԲ
ûܻؼҵģ߸һԲɡ
ллСɰǣ
ղأղأղأлΪͶƱӪҺСʹŶ~
л[ӪҺ]Сʹ
һ~~ɫ 5ƿ
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ

49

Դ٩Ļ, ͻȻͳĬˣ˺һŵ
ǰ, Ҳ˵á
ЩζЦ⡣
ǰʲôģ
û嫻ش, ַ˵
Ҵ, ֻһνѵѧЩѣɵɵġΪˡ
Щ˸еĻ, һվĿ˵
Ͳرô, һ֮ܶµס֮ڡ
µĻһ˵꣬ͬʱЦ
ֲôض, òԲ˵, ͨ͸˼ѵð
ûܹ˶⡣ԣڵ㲻Ŭľ, ֻԼΪͺá
֪ɽټȽ⿪ɽķӡǸõѡ񣬾Ǿһ֪ΪԼľ
ܿϧɽټǺͷ
ֻ඼ǳӢˡ
嫰϶Ц˵
˵ڵҲá
Գ׶Ц, ΢΢һƲ
ΪõңҲ̫˵
ЩĵСһ

µͷ, ЩˬôǸһأԼʱǳ˵ģ»Ǹһ
̾˿˼ϸĹϾ͵˵඼ǡ
ڸܵĿԼ׽Ϊ, ˼һ¾ͨ˵ʱŻ˲١
ˣȻûʲôϢǻڳǰȥɡ
¸оԼοƵĽԺˡҲҿʣֻĬĬزϿ̽һ̬ȣ˳ֺһ
Ͼʱܵô̼е࣬ҲӲˡ
Ȼ㱻ĺź˺ܶ࣬ͬˡ
඼ſκ󣬿ֱǴ󿪵ĳʱͬʱ΢˫Ȼü
µֺת˵ͬʱųſڵķͷ
Ȼ˼ôӭǣǾͽȥһưɡ
һȴᳶһٴе

̻ͷο
û£èڣ°
:Ҳ£ģ
ǣ˵ǸǸħ᲻ڣ
¹һ˵ԺͻȻЩˣΪʲôҪħءڲʲôϵԼԴ׵ˣСƢһҲںʲôһ
ЦĿٴοٵ˵
ðɣڲڵҲν߰ɡ
Ӽ̺سſȥڶһƬž
ٴζ绺˽ȥԶȥߴĳ˵Ӱ˾쳣СƫƫСȴѹס˳ǹڻֺơ
Ӻĳǽµĺڰﴩ֮۵ľ˵һֵﲻֽڶ
æµĸѡʳģ̷ǸּۻšС֬λ̯ǰţմ˾ھ̸Цš
һһħϮӡ
ڳſվסˣΪڳɫòѾ·Ĺﰵﲨˡ㵹ǺĻ˺üֱյһʱ
ĪҪˣЩǼٶδ֪ء
㵱Ȼ֪ڵʲôڻ˵ʱ̲סıζ
èĪǳԴˣ
¸оԼһֱСĽ䱸һ¾ɢ˲٣Ϊε

³һЦȻ嫵
嫾Σ
嫾˵Цüͷչ˲٣Իص
̫ȷ
ͬʱһȵı顣
㶼ȷˣ
ĻЩεĵ
ţҺе̫ԡ
ӽʵ
ţô¶
嫻ǽһ䡣
ûʲôо
ҡҡͷλص
ҲûУ嫾˵Լͺá
һ˵
Ҿƺˡ
ͬʱƲǣһµζ
Ϊǿ嫾Լˣȴûʲô仯ͷ˼Ȼ˵
èһ»ܲԤ֪Ԥ֪ҡԤ֪ոչȥǸҲСԤ֪嫾ɣһС
˺üε״εһλЦŵ˵ͷĿʼԤ֪
ֻǺܿ˫۵
ˡ
ľˡ
㻹ԣ
ҡҡͷ
ǣǶԤ֪㻹Ǹ֪ٵĹѶˣ״̬ˡ

èʲôʱѧ˵ˡ
¸״
͸һ֮ɡ
:
ô˵Ҳܡ
ͻȻʲôƵĴĻ
µĵһ츳ͨ飬Ԥ֪Ǹѡ
ҲȻ
ֻͨɽѣɽ粻طʲôҲҸոջ±ģҲòˡ
㰲οµͷȻʵ
嫾أ
ָֻոЩεı顣
ǿһ
Ѿʲôϣˡ
һǶ١
ţֻֻ֮ʶԶԪָˡ
ǿε
ֻܸ֮
ЩίĻش
ڤǿҵֻ֧֮Ű

㲻֪ôģͻȻðһĪĻ
Ƕôҵҵ۾ʱʲôùܰĶòҵġҵԪȫûӰ찡
:ڡ˵ʲôԡ
Цеĳ嫵
ΪֻԪһɣǶ˱츳Ҳǣ԰ɡ
¶΢ЦĬĽµĻ
Եģ
:ãܺáǡ԰ɡ
һĵ۾ʹ㡣
˵ĻطֻÿΪԭʼһ
˵˷ˣèͺãħʲôûǽˣĵġ
ȽȥɣĿɨһȦֵЩ˵Ǳħס֪أѾ
Ҳȥһʻ˵ףһƽı;ٶ΢
׶༪١
Цһ
ҲýȥϾȥд𰸡
߰ɡ
Ȼ󡭡
ͳ׿ʼֹѯʼǮģʽ
үô
ϣ̫̫ˡ
Ӻʰ
ô˰
嫾ǮǮ
ֱǰһŲǺ«ľˣвߺš
ڻĿꡣ
嫾ȥǺ«ԡ
˵嫡
ЩЩ                        
лҪ˵Һãӭտ컰󽱣ӮҾĵ۾ˡֱٻˡ˵⽱˵ױ򽱡Լ˵܇Nɪҵϲλ󽱵Ļߡ
:ǺҪǺܲҪ
лл۾һΪչʾ󽱵ľʵ顣
ղأղأղأ

50

ЦеĽӹָʹæҵǺ«֮, Ƶĵݸһſڵ
嫾
ô
ǰ, Ҹ, Լأ㲻԰
̬ȼᶨĻ֡
ԡ
ֻ˸Ÿûһ
嫾һְ, ҿһʼḶǮ

ǰû˴ôǰûд
޿κεַֻ̧ڤ
ң̫ϲ
һװĻ
ϲҸ찡
㶼ѿڶ, ȴЩԳڡ
, ǶȷʵҲһ㲻֪
ǰû뵽Ҷûдôõѹء
:ҲҪ, Ҳ䡣лл, ҵĺѡ
:Ҳûдҹ
Ȼ֪ĵҪ˵ʲô»ǹԹԵĸ, ﻹǸǺ«
Ǻ«Ϊæ˵ͬŹ˰Ҳûжһڡ
ǣ嫾϶ûгԹǺ«ˡɣҾˣèһ, 嫾һòá

嫱ͻȻһ˵ԭһ, תͷ£ȵ
ôˣˣ㲻ܹܣôʲôϵľͰϹڡ
:Ҷϰˣ˵ǰǺôǰڣ
Ҫά赫ʵ:ǰ˼ǵ۾, Ҳˣ䵽־صġ˵ǰпǿˣڣ˭ǰ
Īˬ:ڲ
ûʶԼ˵:ǿĻܿ¶λ˰˾˻վǶˣǲŲϹڰ
Ѿܲˬ˵:˵ͲҸ
ʶʲô:˵ʱΪʲôһҪҳǺ«㲻ôĻˣûôںһأŶһֻ֮ƴˡ
Ѿ˵:ڴһΣոδ֪ĵطҺܻðģڤɴûôϻ
:
¸һԴв󣬾͵ͷоǺ«ȥˡ
Ȼ֪ֻܰ㵽ˡ
嫸Ѹٽ˼غϵʱҲһûͣǺ«
嫾Ǻ«̵ִĿɺóˣġ
嫻ЩԥӣڻƤð»᲻Σ˵
رϲǺ«ģԲԼϲζ嫾ġ
:̵ģҵȻҲûԹǲôСΪʲôҪ˵ôʲôԼϲζ嫾
Թ侲ޱ:ܲܲҪҲڡ
ί:ʱ㻹ע⵽˵Ǻ«ζԣͲңͲںҡ
ȸ״:ҡ١
ͬʵ:ûĻǺ«̵ģǣ̣
¶ЦݣֲͣĹƻ¡嫻ǲľͽӹǺ«ȻеĿҧһڡ
ţ
̵ִġ
ϸĹ۲嫵ı飬ĵ
ô嫾óôǲִе̰
һѾĿе˵ͷ˵
ԣͦġ
ֻԽǵıԽ
ôˡô
Цһ˵֪Ǻ«Ķôߺȵô
嫵Ȼǲ֪ġ
ҡͷͬʱֵ
ǸոǸǺ«ôߺȵأ
ոաֻǺ«仰ɡ
´ǻ𡰷Ǻ«ĽʱߺȵģǺ«óԲմ
ĿתȱһǺ«²ֿڵ
Ϊ嫾ûȥ㲢֪ķġûгԹǺ«Ҳ֪ζ㿴ģֻҸķ㳢ģҲζ
ңΪ֮ǰԤ֪̫Ϊˡ˵ҵԤ֪ʵҲһ֡
±ԽԽء
ĶĻþѹƵֻʣ츳
ħ鴫
˻һɫҲ˲ȻɫкܴһĹ͡
۾Ҳ鴫
ļ˿СģվѾͬѱ׼û뵽Ҳһ
ԣ㱾Ҳǳŵɫһ¾ͻһŵı顣
˵лĵģΨһƭǺ«ζһ㡣Ҳ˵ģҾûȻǰȫҪԲų²ߵġ
嫾Ҳ˵֪ԭô¶ġ
嫵һĮµĲ֮
ðɣǺ«ʱ򡣡
ٴζѾת嫸ЦЦ֮
ðɣ֮ǰΪȷŻᡭ
嫱ʾΪ޿κΣ޶ԣȻֱ˵
СһЩڿûʲôΣգ϶ֻǰô򵥵ġ
ͻȻü
᲻桭
Ŭ̸
ᣬɽ粻֣ġ
üͷĸˡ
ԣҲҳɽģԣŻô֪
ͬʱһ⻹ʵ̲ס
Сèô䱿˰
:ôô˽㡣Ŀֵ
뷨һ¡
㲻ÿɷЦ
ǾҪ˭ܿһˡ
ӵˣƵ˵
඼ǵİգ
嫻صҲһƽૣֻЩԳζ
أ
㽫ֱԼһ仰ѿڶ
ħͨĽƵģ硭˵ͻȻͣȻͻȻ嫡Ϊʲô㲻ƣ
ʱǰ΢ĵ
ڲ
΢΢˻
ֻͻȻ˵ڲŷ¶ġ
̧ȫ޹صȺǲ֪Ц⻹ǿɬĵ
ǧ֮ǰǲƵİңҲǡ
Ҳɨŷ
Ϊʲô
嫿ڴĻ
ϾǧˣʲôɡָֻĲʳ˼ַ̻·𴺷ʡ
ǧҴδڤֱһعġ
΢ƫͷ޵Ĳ˵
˵״̬ҲͦðȻǱƵʲôɲ˰ɡ
ջĿ⣬ºᣬ̧Щɢҵķĵ
˼ǧ֮ǰعֻǱƵġ
ĵ˵ͷ
Ϊʲô
ú嫲һɴĺĵ
֪㰮ܰɡ


51

Էͷϵֶһ, µջԼ࣬ӭµĵĿĿ, һʾµĳ
Ҳһĵŵ, 
, Щ˺̫עˡ
ȷʵڲһʼڳſǰﲨĹ, ߺǿһ, ûϵ̷ڶ͸һ
תͷĹһ£ƲƲЩĵ
˵һأҪӭڶˡϲûû˻۵Ϸ
ֿһ, ζ˵
嫾, ʽʼŶ𣿡
бŵü̧̧
һˡ
µ, ΢Ƥ
һ⣬ɾûȫһ˵ˡҲûˡ
ȴᶨ
Ψһڵľǧ֮ǰҲߡ
ڣҲн־棬Ҳ˻һ, Ҳ
㿴һ˼˸еģ̾˿
嫾, ģǲһġҲ㣬ûС
ûе˵ʲô˲任˵ЦĿǵ
嫾ҽ, ȫָһء
ʲôʱ׵ľͻѹֵգĪŵ
߹䵽鿴һǺջ˼۵ľ¥ɴ˴롣
㵹ڵαſţ̬͸ЩŲ
ߣôôϲ·ҿ϶ɡ
бαֳŶϴǳǳЦ⣬һʴǵаζ嫵صһֻ˵һǫǫ˫־ÿǹòʡ
˱ĽֵһʻõĻǻŻĲѡ
ıԹֻЦһ嫵ѵõĿڽӵ
㵱ȻǣҲԲߵġܵġ
°ͷֱϣǰ˴ľɭٵֶſʼû谵
֪ҸǲһҲͰЩĥĵİϷ
ܹ޲죬˵ʲô˼ϣͻҲôͻ
ᰴ˵뷨չģ˵Լȷ뷨ˡ
Ӧͻ˰ɣֻԼ֣ǳǰе⣬Ҳǣˡ
ʱĲȻϰΪŴԽԽľȫȻ˵
׼ôˣѧô
ʱţߴɫԽɭɲŽ谵ȥɫһͬһ
ڲٳĬĿǰ
ħ磬ƭҵĸ֪֣һáٻ㲻˰ɡ
㱳΢ȵü
ⲻͦ˽ôô
嫻ĵ
ʧ֮ʼ˽Щģ˵ǰĲġҲ˵ˣĲһ
㽫ΧΣյĻƵ˵
治֪ΪʲôҪʶҸҪô׽ĹϵúõڤôŮޣȨʵ綼ܺ˰ɣ
һ˿Цݡ
ǰǻŶˣڵİ򲻹ˣɻذ
ѵõûмƽĻ
˵㲻ǵ¶ͻǸ磬ڤ
Ҳİ
嫵ĻشҲ˵
ҲģģΪ㡣
üۺЦİͷƫµ
ôôϲءңܴҺܶ벻Ļϲ
嫾ʱ޿̵Ķ޷νӵ̾ΪֹðɡҲϲֵֿҸĸо
¾زİɣ˳Ҳһ޶ȵĵ۾
㽫ͷƫߣЦ
ֻӵĻ޶ȡ
¶ζѸٽͷת˻
ôĻԼ죬뷨̫ˡ
ŬȥȵߣעŵǰĪľϡԽԽٵֿʼע⵽ǵʱЩ˷ܵĵ
ˣҪˡλɡ
ڴ٩ãֱ඼ǳɴң˼ת֮󣬲Żվʱ·ϵͬһŨɭɲڻΧˡ
²زס˷ܻü⼸ƵСèҪô̲ס̾˿ͬʱ˵

嫸ǱԱվһ𣬶Ȥζĵ
ǹʱء
ͻȻ͸ٽһ䡣
ô˵Ļ˵ɡ
㽫쵽ο֡
ɣôŸ
µͷĬƬ̣ǵٿʱﾹЩ٩ζ
ȻǲοҲ롣
һʺţﻹбˣ
˭
³󣬡ҵķ
֣
ǴЦĵ˵ͷ
֪
㡭
ʲô˼嫾ɻҵԪء
嫺Ϊһ֮һᵭ紺΢Цݿ
;ǰķҵİȫͰаˣˡ
˿ôţ˾ǸźݻҲܰ˸ϳȥǣο˻ôõ̬ȡ
ôźݻء
èߡ
ֻܰСèйߣһߣ滺һ顣Ȼ
õңһнءܻþѹƣ͵ķá
:ҡ
ںܻǹġ


52

ǹ߻˿ĵ, ûг, ¿Ĵ߶
ֱ
, 
ǿƻ˽Ҳ, Ϣһͺá
ǿ, ʵ̫뺷, һĽ⻹ӲҪġ
ȻҪһˣŶ, һֻèɱķˡ
Ļ, һ־һƬΧɢʵ̫, û֧ţ㵱Ȼɱȥ
Ԫǰ֮󣬳ս¹ߡȥУ޾һиһһȫ
, £ҡ
ֱӴµĻ, ٴһƬ֮󣬽һ
嫾ꣿ
˼Բڤǰ׵¶ǻ˰ɡ
ֻЩ
ҿƲ, 㡣Щ״̬̫ԡ
¼״ǰ
Ұ㡣
㽫
ãһֱһĶҵҲԣЩ˵вٶҲûϵֻǣ¡
ǰǸʲôĵطǸʲôľ֣ôЩôʹǣǻиĶڡ
ĻڶУףǰַļϡ㣬ǻεĵطԣһֱԴС
ԪһŴǰһֱͼ굲˸ʵʵ󣬲һ䡣
ãǸèýעһ©֮㡣
Ԫ˸Сһͷ˽ȥ굹࣬ԴԴϵĸ
˼龰ü˵
ھǻӣߵҲûáŤͷǰͬվ˵
嫾Щ඼ǵԩ걻ôħҲǿԿģ
ħôܿꡣʶĻصȻͻȻ
Щ굽ô¶
ɻ󲻽ʱ¿Ҳʵ
ڤûпػ˹ˣ
ûУ䶼ûô꺦ˡ
嫾ڤǷľ󰡣һ˺ܾõ⡣
֮ǰҿģ˵ϲڤġ
˭Զ³ĬƬ̻
ǣأ
ȫûŪʲô˼
ʲô
˼ɣҸȻȥڤǲκŶɹҲô
ǰ꣬նͷʵ
èʲô˼
ҲĿصĿ΢
˼


53

嫶һۺ, ͬʱ˼ü¿ֽ˵
֮ǰĻþҸΪ, ǾǺ«¶嫾ʼ, ּΪĲ²⡣ЩܸܿʼǿЩһ
µĻƲƲǰӿ, 
ǻþģѵǾ֮
㿴һû˵, ±һͻȻ;Щ, Ҫ˵
ɣĻĻ˵ģϾֻǸǵ뷨õĻþ, еĶõ, ඼ʵڵġ
һΧ·޾꣬һ߸ǵ
Ȼô߼Ļ, õȻҲ򵥣ֻҪҳЩȻˣһоӭжˡ˵ֵ
Щꡭ겻ɢ
ͻȻʲôĵ
㣬СģҪоһ¡
ͬʱ˵ͷ, ҲĬûҪʲô
㵹ûʲôѹǻҪΧʱ䲻Σ, Щꡣ
ôһǧˣ޵ֿıôڡ
Ƭ̺嫾۾¿ǵ, Ҹܲ඼κϢҲԹıԼĹ̶뷨ûáܿ϶Ƕõģ󷨾ֻǳûץסĳ˵Ƭμ䣬ǵľߡ
̲סһ䡰Ŀ£ǵļԼȥݻ󷨡
Ƕ˵ķָǺƲƲζ˾䡣
һֱǣű߰
˵򵥴ֱ˦һԪƥһƬҷֺݺݵ˵׼඼ǿüٵģ
ǺȻһСۼټ٣ݺݵŴ
һʼͱƺˣ֪һ»ᶯԤ֪ÿһεӦÿһε뷨
ҵĺø硣
һ仰˵֮꣬ҲûһˣңҲûӿˡ
ǰס΢΢Щֻ֣Ҫ֪ͺˣǳʲôĿģ֪һġ
㰡
嫿˼ĻĬƬ̺Ҳǰȥļûгֱȥ
ǸʱǸ߸ϵɽ۾ҲԶĵꡣ
ɽ۾ˣҲҲˡ
ԭһֱԼǸ޴ˡ
ֱ嫵Ӱ֮󣬲ɿµ֣˻ͷļ˿
֪û¡ʵͣһ£ƺǲ֪ô˵ҲЩ˼
˼±Լ뷨ˣ᲻˼
ȵȣڲʱ°߰뷨ȥԺҲ㣬ԴѧղŵĶҲļϲ˲䡣
ʵһھ͸ܵϵůУһ͸ǲԾľЦ⡣
ҾԼǱ˵ġ
ܵ˺ѣ֮ʹǿаԪ񣬱ȷӡ-塣ҪǲЩʹ衭
Ȼôأôܰǿء
ֵͷ˲䣬Ƶ˵ǿġ
Ҳҡҵܱߡ
£һ£׵ԼԶԶԼƬ̵ķ롣
ֻڣʲô-ƨ󷨰
иʱŴŴ
߰ɣ嫾ء
:ôĸ-󷨡
߰ɡɿ£תֵ嫾ڿʲôûˣȥˣֻĿɢؼˣΪسʱʶʬ嶼ã
ӿ˵꣬ͻȻյ¶߿˵èԽԽˣҲñԽԽˡ
Ҫʲôʱȴ¶ΣȻĻ㴫˹
ڤǱЩˣڤһҲûдڵıҪˡҲԽԽˡ
ȸղǺ̫ࡣ
û취ȵҲϼҴڵˡ
嫿סЦ²ôΡ
ǰϼҴڵĵ۾ôǰľأ
ɽôֲҪҵõϢҲǶЩء˵ǻúأҪôżæŵȥذ
ڵ㣬ǰɽ۾嫶̫˽ˣˣҲһӡ
Ȼô˵ǾԲܸºúö̸̸ġҲ϶㹻˽ᱧ뷨ġ
ôɵĵЦ˵£ֻһֿˡ
㲻¶ˣңѾ뵽İ취ˣͬݵĽ취
㿴һġ㣬л˵ӵİЦЦ
ߵ嫸ǰֹЦš
嫾Ҵģô                        
лҪ˵ллλСɰ֧֡
ղأղأղŶ
Mua

54

ħ, Ÿ
ʱŸƻͨȴžħҹƺĺڰ, ħӵŸȻҪ, Ȼħ˵ûʲôá
һ, ڴ֮ϣӲʵĲ, ʱȤµĻ㱨, ͷǺЩɳƵ
֪ˣǡ
µӦ𵽡
, ħ𡣡
ħ, ƺᳶǣſһ˵Ĵ̾˿, ɫʱⲽ߳˵š
ħĶǣųǵĳǽһܷ¥ӡ⣬̬Ϊ, ħħ˾ηˣҲֻһλ˰ɡ
һֱȵǰ, Ŵһͳ
̣Σ
΢΢󣬲ŵ
ħһϡ
˳ĬƬ̺һЦǶû, Ҳȷʵͬˡ
̶ǶǵĻԵܣЩͳΪлʲôֵһģΪʲôѾעֻǵ˵ˣΪʲôֱһΪʲôҪ
Ȼ⻰붼ľսģʣǾԲܵġ
ħħ˵ǿƺɣһֱڴȤ̸
һȴ
ôõ۾ڤѹأο񻹶˸ͨߡֻǸҸӣڿյ֮ǰôİˡ
̹صվţδһֻϵıЩ˿͸
ħ´ģԲ󷨣ҪõĿôĶ
켫ͬƫƫ̶һļ
ùˣĽǱ˴˶ġ
仰·͸˾ΥЦ⣬һǰĳ磬ȴ˾͸䡣
ͬʱĪ඼ڣ˻һֱڴȤֵˡ
˵Ǿ仰ԺѸٵĻص
ô
˵仰󣬽ǰЦ΢˫ֵ
ʲô
ƲƲһǸ˵ӣҲܺߺòá
ƾʲôҾá
˵֮󣬱ŵһͻȻֹЦݡʵǾԼļƻڵ˵ٺòˡ
Ӧ䣬ﶼӦûﲼ󡣶ĻҲֻǶ඼סˡ
üڵ
ֻҪҳͺˡ
Ĳÿɷ
嫾ʲô֪οֻһͶǼĻãҵһͿˣǳǧСħô죬һһң
Ȼⷬ˵ĺ嫻ֺܲõԤС
Ȼ
㿪˿ڡ
þмʵʵȷʵǷǼٵģǼٵġ඼ȷʵʵڴڵģô
ɷЦţ̧ۿ仯޳඼ڣôЩħҲãʲôҲáǵĲֻ֮ʵ඼ǣǷѾҳʵ඼ȴټ򵥲ˡ
üͷĸˣỽһ㡣
㡣
֮ЦЦŵ
ֻҪ඼ǣеһвӭж⡣
˻һ嫸¸
㡣

лҪ˵ղأղأղذ
ллСɰǣ

55

˵ķӦ˵֮С
ʵһ̵, ¸嫶ĻҲ֮еġ˵ǲµ뷨ˣǵ׿˵ʱ, ˻̲ס
ֻǡӦȴȻͬ
, ֲ֪ڵЩʲôĸȤ, ڴΨ²˵ľ
㽫˵ķӦ̲סЦ
ҵè, ҵè
ֿ嫵
嫾, Ҳ׵İ취֪嫾ڵʲôأ
嫵üͷҪšһȥˣ޾µڤ֮, ҲûԼüͷ
ð, ǧǰһΡǴΣҲ㡣
߰ͷת, ѵѡ˸ίķʽ˵
֪ôģӦס׼඼ǣȴԻ඼ǣֻһճǡ
һ̡
Ŷ
εǵüģ̾˿
ħ, 㲻ǹȥ񶼾ܱϻٳǵ඼ǷģǽԺħ罫޻㡭
ħ£
ļĵһ仰һһ, ֮˳Ĭ
ħǴʲôʱʼʼΪĴʣʼ
ɽʲôʱʼƳأ
ûٽ˵ȥವЦЩİ
ǲ, 嫾Ӧ
ĶŸš
ǴǰңڵңΪ˵ʲôʲôıҵ뷨ҲǰעһЩڣ뻤뻤һУҲãһҲա㹻ʵΪɽ۾ø³ڣǲҲ˿Ĳɡ󣬸ɿʲôա
ᶨƵ˵һ󣬹һͻȻЦ
嫾ỹһǰɣ
һݣжʱ̾˿
ǣߵزЩʵʵĻ롣඼ǣǾͳ׵սˡ
죬ѾǰˣʲôΪԼҪģΪ˼ĸȥΪ㣬Ҫǿȥʲôء
ֻ˵ڵĻﻹźС
ôᣬ¾İɡ
ᳶ˳½ǣЦޡ
嫾ҲΪãȻ嫾ҲÿУǾͿʼɡ
鶯ɫ۾͸ЩȲȴһͷͿ췱ǡ
á
˵Ŷ˼ҵӵǼҾ¥ȥ
ҵԪﲻκεĲþʵҲ۳ɣҵԪзӦΪֻͨķ¥ҵԪûиκη
꽫۾΢΢ɴһ㡣
ô򵥡

Ȼǣϸ΢ı仯һʼûע⣬ע⵽ҲֻΪӦϾڻȻΪ󷨲Ӱ졣ŷԪʱǺ޲ġ
˵ص߽һ۰ͰͿ²Ž˵ȥ
ǺСϸ΢ı仯ע⵽Ȼͨʵ඼ǣҲǺѵģǷǳǳѵġ
ȴʲô㡣
ЦĹֵ
ˡ
:ǺǣұֵĻҪô
һֱޱûסĳ鶯һ¡
ԺΪڴĿ㡣
ұˣˡ
ĵѵӣȻ߶Ԫ񣬽¥Ϊƽء
˻ʩʩȻھ¥ſڣһſ
:ôݣҿ㲻ѹٳǰɡ
£ȻﰵģرĹơ
:
ǣð
õϲ˵Ĺ͵Ѱž¥ͻƿڽֻΪ˷棬Ϻһ¥Ӧ
ͻȻԼ¶ô˵أ
ͻͦӦֵġ
ȻֿҲ̶ãȴҲûֻ谵޹ɭоڵ඼Ҳҹȴ̫ܿƿĵط͸һ˿¹ҹ
רĸƻüۼͻȻһĨһʱָ嫶˸
Сģħޡ
ѸٷӦ
֪ʲôħޣ
ҡҡͷǵ
֪ȹȥ
¸̴յߡ
һ𡣡
˵ͷ󣬾ͳŸոոӦķȥ¶˽
ԽǿеԽЩѹסơԷŻ˽Ų˳ԼĲϷϢ󣬲ǰȥ
µĵĽһ˰ص
£ֻħ޿²򵥣ǶСһҽЩ˵ֲĵĲ
èýʱ׼סǡ
¹Թ󣬲Щĵʵ
ǿô
üƺҪش׼ȷһֻǡ
֪ҵĸоܻңҲҵʱжϲ
жϲ
ʵЩȣʵжϲΪҲ˱Ǯˡ
ţһǿһ̫һɲ̫ѰϢҡ
ǡ
嫵Ļû˵ڣΪǰѾͣ
ң͸ҲǰȻ

㵽

ǰħ, ޴ʨһ÷¹ͷͷϵǶͬ޴Ϊ׳ۡȫɱĳβ󻺻Ӷ, ͬһһ, ˱Σա
ǲݵħ, ⼸⸽췭ظеԼǰ, ķŭԹ
˸һɻ, Ͷħ˽⣬Զǰħһ֪
嫵ķӦ͸ͬˡ
һαˣħ㹻˽ġȻ֪ħ绹ħ, һ, û˵
һ˼ǽ˻
ħ޸֮ǰһֻħ޺, ħħʳײħˣôǿϢԡ
һ˵ҲеӡˡħħһֺܳСħޣСȥע⵽ħޣôᡭ
ħȻҲʨ¹ͷ, ǰħޱħ޴̫࣬Ҳʵ̫˵
ħĶ˳۵㡣
Ķħ, ʧ˽ǧ꣬ѧĶһЩȱµж˵ƷζҲ½ˣ
嫸»ĥǰһ仰ôһ˵, ʱЩ˼·ױϡ
ο⡰˵ܿħޱ
һƶģ
ǰɣħλˣǿͨ󷨶ֱ˶ΪĻþˡ
˵ͻȻʲôƵһѽߣַŵϡ
һصĸӦһ΢΢Щ
ãûô졣
һֱԹڲֱԴʵĿ
ôˣ
ħԭܰ˵ģȻǱ˵ⶫ󷨼ӳ֣»ҲãȻⶫĸǿˣȴûˡ
嫿һֱĶǵħޣ׺ݣȴһֱԭرⲽ
Ҫά󷨣ܶ
ȻҲһ㡣
ⲻǺܺ
ȴûôֹۡ
ϵϢҲѹˡǻ᲻֮ܽԸǣֻĻǲΪǣ̫Ļ
Ҫ׼ʱͬڶߵĻЦﲻԾľȾ˿
èˡ
㵱ȻҲʵ֤Ŀ
ֻײħ¶û߹غϾһغˡˣڱǡڱһȱڡ
ֻǡʱɫ޷ԶһĶͷħ޵ʬ塣
ҲɫޱѸٿߡ
ϤϢǰ׻Ѫ
ΪڤȻ԰׻ϢҲİһֱΪ׻Ǹɽһʧˡڿ²ô򵥵ġ
ں˰׻ѪħޣⲻϢˡ
׻
׻Ϊʥ֮һûĿؾֶΣֲءȸŮıȡ
ȴǸʱȻԶڳܴܡȴͶԷ֣ʱˣƽ͵ĻҲǲԡ
Űʱ
׻ΨһһĸԸˣǿħҲ
ָӵĵĽץסŵ
㣬һô㣬Ҳ
ȴͻȻ侲Ȼƿ嫵֣޸侲
ʵô㣬֮ǰɽѾʶһֶˡ˵Ҳʮͷħްɣǰ׻ħ磬ܵõôľѪǰ׻ıԴѪ
ɫʼЩˣ
Ҳ࣬ͨħôܳܵ˰׻Ѫء
˻һ嫶ʱеһϮ
˵ز֪׻ĹϵҲ֪ЩԸİ׻̵ܴ衣
ǡ׵ˡ
¿ô侲״̬ӵˣֻеûõġ
ð׻ľѪħƣԸħǺơǽ඼ǿʼǲΪӪȻǲȻ
ºǿ͹۵ķڵľ档
֪Щħ˲ǣҲסǡֻǣȻװ˷ʱЩСϷģԡ
µĻѾˡҲȻף׻ľѪķʣҲĿģǵռѹء
յһʣ
è嫾صģ֪ڸôҲ֪һһһֵġ
ͷһԼ³һڳ̧ͷԡ
Щħ޵ļ٣ӰһǶעָôüʱԼ
ǸоʲôһҪʱ֪ҡ
¸嫽صĵͷתǵһȡ׻Ѫ˵ħޡ

㵽

˵̲ù, 콫֮ǰ˳⡣
ħ˵ô˵Լôô⵱ȻΪλ˼, ǡǡΪ̫˽ħ, ̫֪ħʲô, Żħ㱨ǵϢ
ܴǺɵġô˼, ôնһΪܹյĴô
, ˵ķʽʱѵõĸпһ䡣
ǣ˰
ǸԼͣؽŸǸɢɽ۾, ԼҲڲĶһ޶ˡ
뵽, ЦЦҲһ޶Լеġ
ô˼, ȻҪ׷ѵġһܴҵɽġ
ֻҪ֪ɽټ
츺ֶ૵
磬ֿɵˡ
ôȻΪ㹻ʸ
ħ綼ûгʲô˵£˵״̬Щˡ׼ȷ˵, еŲסˡ
Լ侲һΣ, ΣζԡһֱǿѹԼ״̬£ʼƲסԼˡ
űħһǳȥ¸嫶˵ʵһָͬʱҲԽԽ
ܲǵһ, ȴÿһζǸ̾һ䡣
ħ鴫죬̫˽㣬ֵֶҲ̫ˡ
ڵڶֻħޱͬʱıͻȻʧȻһֱӱߵ龰
þͶӰ￴൱ʵķ׻˯ֻǽŵӸΧΧͣʩŷˣô򵥡
ҪǰĻþ׻飬Ҳ˵˵Լֻǻþѡ
ԼܣҪţϸĿţúöĿšŰ׻ʲôĥҪÿһһζֻħħ𶼸ӦеĴۡ
ҪԼβʹۡ
ŻԼжԼ׺˶ˡ
׻ľѪ˳ʱֻһǿţʲôˣ֪׻ħ
µֱյۣĸۡ

û¶ɿµģ߰ɣһ
ֻħޣѵİ׻ȴ۵Ϣ
ʱ׻ƺǸոձץãҲ˵ʱӦǸշӡɽȻȥɽˡ
˵ôԵô
Ƣİ׻Ȼžǰ첻֪ʲô׻һ¾ͱ˿
ԲۣбɱҰ쵰
þֻܿ׻Ҳֻ׻˵Ļһ˵ʲô԰׻ŻͻȻֱɫЩ֡
ôˣѴôˣ˵ô쵰
ڴЩǻʲô£Ƕǣʲô¡
ǻ᲻ᱻץˣ
׻һһһһﶼޱĳǰ㲻֪ת˶ۡ
ͻȻ˻ࡣ
߰ɣһ
ֻħޣ׻ĿԼľѪ룬ţҲԲܱ衣
죬ôбɱӰ
첻֪ʲôֽţˣԭʱԳľѪħĳ׵ĳ塣
˵Щ쵰


׻ԽԽ
Ļڰ׻ı۾ͬʱҲĽ۾ϡ
ܺá
ֻħޣ׻ѾȷʶĴˣ
ǲҪҪ
ɱҰɣɱҰɡ
˻ߵĵ
죬ɱҰɡ
ֻħ޵ʱ򣬰׻ȫʶţҲҲʶʲô
㣬㡣
һû¶ġ
һҪҵǡ
㡣
һ㣬ڶ㣬ÿһ䶼㡣
ֻħޣڰֻֻһ18ֻħޡ
㿴Ű׻Ӽ񵽾ٵʬĮȻ
Զ֪ô׵Ĵݻ٣һˡ
嫵㱳㱳Цһ͵͵
ǡܽˣ磬ܵܽˡܵܣܽˡ

ߵԣҪסʱ
ͻȻϥأ͵³һѪ

㡣
лҪ˵ǩԼˣллСɰǵ֧֡Ժһ棬Ŭдĵġ
ôôգ
ղأղأղأ

ɽɳ

ӻ, ̻Ǿվ⣬㱨඼˵¶
ӡ, λħûг, Ȼλʵ, ǳˣҲȫġ
̵ĻǳĬ, úŴһ, ǵ⣬Գ
Ȼ󡭡ǳĬ
ħ컰еٰĬĬתͷ, ǹĵš
, һʱˡ
:ô˼²еƮˣ
ΪħЧ, ĸԸ
仰ģҲǿħ綼ԸΪ֮ˣ̡ȻҲԸġ
ûٳĬħ, ħħǺǡ߶˼֮, ֲ˵ҲħˣԺЩ¶С
㶡
ħ
ĿͻȻºЩ
ˣͺá
:ҵˡ
ħһɰȻĴȴЩҲС
һŵ, ϣ˶飬Բѡ
õ˲ǣħƽڣ˷඼ǡǡǡǴ඼ǻģϢ治
֮Դ꣬Ϊ
ʱ£ʱѪԵ㵹Լ嫼״Ҳǰ
Ҵǻڤ
½ưú֮󣬲̧ͷ
һš
ǣ
¼ᶨĴ嫵Ļ
һš
嫽ü
ħ˷¶ᴫص磬ӻȥ
ʱһϣԼ徲ġ嫾ܴһعԺ˵ֵþػĵطҲĵĵط
ǵѪŲɡ
ĶνҪġҲ
̾Э
Ҹһ𡣡
ûƴǣ·;ңԶħͻǣڤܹЩ
ǲûпϢ¾ûʲôҪģϾûʲô󰭡
ԣһɽ׹ţɲӣţһš
Զ׹
ħ඼ǵΪҰѣݡҵԵͬЭǿСܵø˵ʵɡ
˵ĺҲбϿɵĵ˵ͷһ޹˵ľʵǻţҲûа취

ǵòӳ
ް
һ͡
ء
ҲȷʵǺأѲ˶ѡ
ʱӿкŵ㣬ɫ徲Բѵš
һ侲ڴߣɵֵҩȻڡ
һĽͣ˵šûˣһʱ˿Ѫѡ͸ˣ˵㶼ôණˣôǻ԰ô
µĴûû˵߶
嫾ڻǸħܸعںôǰħô
һ¾ͳĬˣԶڤȻĲ֪롣
Ͳħˡ
ûȥ̽仰Ǻ⣬̾˿嫾صҲࡣһжΪҲƲع򡣡
Ӧþȫ˰ɡ
ͻȻɣЦЦϾÿǶβʲôλԣҲþǻ¶ء
嫶ĿһԾľͻָǳʣҲһЦ
ǰ
㵱˴ʶʱҲһ̤ʵİɡ
ӵ㣬ƬظõĲɣҲĵ˰ɡ
ԥѡ㣬Ҳȷҵһ°ɡ
ΪسʱĻһɽ۾ǧ谮˾η˳˳ˮĲ֪ķΪ
ɽʧ٣׼ʱ
ʧˡ
Ȼ󡭡ͳΪ˵ɣþû¶ˣ֣һ¡ɣɰһΨһСͽܣǧ谮˾ηһè
ǲ֪ķΪ
ֱԼļƬΣֱʧ٣ֱΪֱӵϵĳ
ûбĥѴĥģһΣ׵ı͸
ڵʮֻħ޺Ȼصʱ嫸ͬʱֱƿ󷨳ȥ㲻ҪĥԼˡ
㻹Ǽֽȥ˵ˣҪģҪֻء
ѡĥԼǰ׻أ
ɽʱİ׻ֿɰеս㣬ûʲôĻë
Ȼսһë͹ëˡ
㣬ܡ
İ׻̲סЦ
Ҳô죬˰
׻ĹĵĻص
˵
ô˵ˣִ򲻹ҡ
Ժһܵġ
Ц
ðǵԺ
׻СǿʤѾˡһԼܾͰ˴ſ£˭Ӧ
ڣڰ׻޵ʱɽˡ
ÿһεͨ߷Ǻ¶Ǵûһεķôףġ
Ȼ󣬡
̫࣬˵ǹɵ磬ɽ˭
λʥȻ㹻ǿģ׻¶Ҳ֪һΪޣܺð
Ȼ󡭡
ɽȻΪ֮һĵ۾ǿˣ۾ײβͳɽ磬㲻ɶ֪
֪硣һԵ۾ܹġ
ģĲǹġʱ㻹ûô죬Ҳ֪׻ô
ֻǾð׻ֹʵͺϲҪһ¶ѡ
׻ճʱҲܷĵġԼصĺ󱲸۾ãҵ۾ҲһҪӵģĺܺð
Ȼ󡭡
ҼʶһԼ֮
׻ݺݵشӵһԾ
Բۣ
һɡ
Ϻǣ䰡
ŵꡣ
ϸƨ䣬
ٱſ¿ɲҪŶ
һͷһͷƵʥް׻
үôϻ
Ҵүһ¡׻ô򡣡
ôԡۣ׻ױߡ㡣
:
ʲôںڻļҹɿɰأ
СΪʲôǼҵĵ۾ģħ磬ڤȱ
Ȼ󡭡
Ѿſ˵İ׻Ŵڵϣлֵġ
һЦߵ¡˵ôô˵໰ƽװͦ񡣸ɽ綼Ϊҽ̵㡣
׻һȡ
̵ô
㱻һȸһ±ơ
˵໰ô
û
ⲻȷ㶼ҪʼԼˣڣ㹻ŵġ
Ҵ˵໰ĺòá

׻̫ȷ룬ǣû˵໰
ɽ綼Ϊ˵໰˾һֲ˵˾һ໰ˣҲˡ
׻ͣһͻȻЦа
ҾͲһˣҾڡȿȣҲһ˴ĹԺӡ
׻˵껹̾˿
㡰ԡۡ
㲻ǲ˵໰ô
ʵˣ˵һҲν

ֲá

ɽɳ

׻:ֲɽô
еü׻, ΢˫˺һ
С׻ʱ򶼸ﰡ
׻˲üͷ㲻ҪϵС, û, ɽɾû󰡡ΪʲôͰѱ˵˰
ӿŵ
صܵҲ̫ƫ˰, 㲻Ǹûشҵô
׻бһۡʱԼܰȻ, ޵֡
ʧЦ, Ƿ谡㡣
ûô
׻ʵľȡ
бȴܻģ
㷢ĵ
ΪƵġ
׻ʡ
ǲƵĶʲôѽʲôô۾
˲ͱȤİ׻ǿЦ˵ԼСΪ˰׻ܰصĻ, ǻһƺ
С, ȥô
׻㶡
ûУ˵ȥ, 峤Ҳܡ
һš
ǲȥͲȥô԰
ǵȻҡ׻֪̬ȣͻȻӦ󾪵ʲô˼Ҫȥ䣿

ҪҪһȥҿ˭û, ͸˵ˡ
׻ͫĸˡ
ǾȥҲû֪
ǰ
ǡҡ׻ͻȻ֧֧ԵЩΪ, Ҳû˵һĻ
ģЦȴȻСף˵ʱôôأ㲻Ǻ°ɡ
˵æİ׻ĳֶĿͷ
һԭ˵Ƿģ
ţ
׻Űһֵ̬ʵ
ǰȥ
ûа
֪ɻûסʵ
һȥẦôʲô֪ʲô
ʲôµ, ˵˭ʲôˡ˵¶
ħô
šӦһͻȻ̲סЦһηɽʱ򲻺ôҲʲôġ
׻:ôôô׵ĵ۾
ðɽдôǰûСǿ֮Ͻʵ
ħ˵˺ܶෲ¶ô
Ц׻ӡ
ţ˵˺ö࣬رȥ
֪ģ׻ͻȻе
һħ͸Сһ
仰̧۾ؿŰ׻׻ܿˡҲһ͸оԼһԾҪ
ջĿ⣬ѧŰ׻һ
˵
׻:
ôħȥ
ȥȥôô໰
Ҫȥһܴȥǡ
ȥ
:Һڰﰡ
һʼ߰׻ǿдûзǰദģʽǴϼӴ˻Ǻָذ
:ˣĪҪ
ħ:õĻһڵķǡ

ħҲ̫ô˰ɣڸôʲôϵ
:һҪŰοôˣˡ
Сףôò
׻վڷĳǵĴϣһһ档
׻æЩ˵Ϊʵҵ˵ͷ
һֺĿڡ
㣬õǸʲôΪʲôҡ
ӣԻص
ӣǮģֲŪô죿
׻֪

ô˵Ҳԡ
ҲҲǶԣԵľСǰ׻ѵõ
ŸһҲУҷ㰡
׻ôֱ׵ĵݻȻҲԸ
ûԹɣ
ʾİ׻
˵ĸԹƵġ
㻹벻ˣ
롣
ʵ졣
٣ⱩƢǰһۿʳڸ˵ζ¡
õģ۾
ڷ䲻ܽе۾֪֪
õģ㡣
ԸԳ֮󣬡㣬ɽ۾ôģɽ磬ԵĶûУǸûкóԵġ
˿
ǴҶó԰
óԣϲԡ
ҧгݵ㡣
СףҿǳԱǰɡ
ʶʲôİ׻ŬԼһ±ơ
ûԱô
㡭΢иģȥȥ
׻衰ʲô
ûкȹƣ
׻΢оƵģСС;ͷˡʱֱĺܺãȻûкȹģǿǾȵġ
ֱܲ˵Լûȹʵ
ȹô
ȻĺȹģģҿǵһκȻ˲ٹӡ
Ȼˡ
׻˵϶Ǹ֣ǴԼûɡ˲һΪɵ
Ǿȥ
ûĺӣԵĻûġȻôӸλǸһһ
ǣѰ˴֣Ķѧĸӹŵĳëѡ˸Ϊīľ¥
֣治¥ĵĿŸڵϣϸװθֵǶͦµġ
ⲻֲ¥ͲǸ¥Ǹ¥ż˯齵ģŶԲûм
īǴһطˡʵ֮أַţƷţװţ·ţСĶǷŵһ
ʱ޶룬׻ĻΪȻĵ˵ͷ
ǲ֪˺òóԣƺòúȡ˵֮ͻȻվ͸ŷ⿴˿ôܾùֵֹġ
İˡ
ˣ
׻ŷ촦عͷ
ܾǽǸ˿ǵֵֹģʵҲֵֹġ
ξһ档
ǣô
ô׻ҲãȻڷȾƻô
ʲô㣿
λô
׻֪ΪʲôҪǿλ֣Ϊոմǽǿɡ
ֲãһȶ˵¶ô죿
ǲģҲ֪ľ˼
͵͵ŶܿͱīľƲ˳嵭ɻ
ǣĶǸģôһȶ˷Ҳ֡
Ȼ󣬰׻һûƵˣһӣȶҲ֡
ˣó԰ȽЩҪóԡ
׻Ա̾
Ц
أ
ȻҲǺúȵġ
㿴ҲĲᡣ
ҪҪɽ磿
׻ľƾһɢ˴
֪˻ġ
΢΢üбǡ
Ҷ¸ôСʲô˵Ҵȥɶ˵֪ҲܲңҵĻ
׻ֱ׳
ħֲ㣬Ļᶯֵġ
Ϊĵ
㲻
׻һȾƺȺ˰ɡ
һ˴ֲֻܻˡ˵°ŵ㡣
˵˰
ľЩˣΪûӦ׻˵ʲô
˵ʲô
׻۾һɣָϵľƵ
ȥ
˲ʧЦúúãҴȥ
ԺʱżȴһƿһΪŰ˴˽

ɽɳ

ۻ, ⷲӦǷǸȹֻǱӢЩӲʵӣȴΪ-ȶԵΪ԰ס
ڿ龰, ʶߴ֮, к˳ȥϾ˭Ҳ֪īǲǾʲôԻ֮ˡ
ֻǡ׻ʵü, ǸȻӲض˵׻ҲǾµġ
ſڵ˲ԭ, -ɫһнɡ
ܵһ, ޺ˡ
ο˿Ĳᣬǡߴ˷䡣ⲻ޸ʲô
ٰΪŷ޸޸
²Сߴ, ˼λ
Ȼ˵, ȴţ
ЦЦĿ
Ŷ, ߴˣ
׻˶ɫֱӾͳ
֪ߴ㻹
ҲλȽϺ˵ˣɫһЩҲ޷漴ת΢Ц
λѶѡ
㻹ǱŸղŵɫҲȷʵû飬е״ء
Ŷ, ѣ
һ䱾ûһݣЦ, ջʵ̫ˡοѾˣûھͳȥĵ
ڼǿѻֶڸڣ˵ⶼﻹ˸ɡ
ⶼûǶ֪, ɽָеġŶҵ²֮ꡣ
׻ȻЦĵ壬ǾĪЩĸоټ׵Ļתżɽľưš
ⷲ䣬㲻ɡ
˵˿ЦеľΪ˵ˣɱҿ¶ء
λ㹻ʵ֧ŵģͬѧҪѧŵǧäĿţҪԴġ
ⷲû˵㣬˼Ҳƾʵǰ
ǰ˴գüĸˡֻȴ˻⡣
ǿƣֲϲҿӦǿ˰ɡ
ϧˣôƷ
ӦҪһ췲ѹ
Ȼϧܾˡ
Ͳסɫ󣬴ĸɽ۾ɽƵģ¸
ﰵţλӦþǲī˰ɡŪһ˵ֻҪⶼܲˡ
˿תͷȥİ׻ճյЦţȫǺˡ
׻:ҡôҪһѡĻ᲻
˵ɣ±Ͷ̥ʲô
λӣ֪λɷȥһ𰡡
⻰˵һ֪ʲô˼˰ɣλ治
һȻǴʵġ
׻ֱӵ
ΪʲôҪȥ
һΡ
Ϊܿߵļ۰
׻ɫֿʼˡ
ʲôߵļۣ
λĪҪװɵˣһ˵ôˡвĻû˵ڣͱ׻һ仰ϲˡ
Ϊʲôȥ
Ϊʲôȥ
Īǡ
ͷʧЦԼ̫Сˡ
ȻλһģȻͲȥˡ
㿴Цһ-ʵǲ⣬ôһγôвˡ
ԲۣôĲᡣ
ʲô㿪˵Ŀ׻ҲȻµĶ
ֻ˺ȵʵڲ٣ȻһĺǴǱɫɱεĳ˿ܻӭζ
ٶԽԽ֣ҲӦˡ
ôǸ䣬ûǶϵϾͲˡ
Ȼʱ㻹֪ԺèΪԺҸҪһ䡣
è⣬è֧֣ǲϵϾͲˡ
ǰôͼֶŵģ׻վһ߶֪ǸǸЦˡ
ȴ̲˻ĺˡվ𣬶ǰˣϵɽ۾ѹǿĳ˲佫Ʋһż䡣
ͬʱɽɫͬĿ£ǰ׶ǳĬüͷš
ڣ㲻ڡ
⻹ǵһɽ㲻ڣǰǿȰɽһβ۰Ͱ͵ĵ֪Ļħ紦ܼ㡣
ǽɽ磬ѰáҪɽھȣҲͨɽĵȥҡ
˼ãŵ͵Ϳڵ
׻Ҳˣħˡ
Ծ˿ܶðˣǻǿѹŭ⡣ϾǰħܸҲ򲻹˼ҡ
ħħҲܲɽģǣΨϣɽ͸ԼƵģȫǰ쵱ġ
ȻҲûǿ
ȷʵʧְˣҪħĹأֱӷٵġһ뵽ɽ磬ָ˸˵ǡԼȥ췣ɡ
ڵ֮ҵ㣬Ȼˡ仰˵꣬Ҫͷȥҵʱ
ͻȻǰȾƵʱʷ¶ƺȤܴӡ
ûʵ뷨ͻȻɫĸ֪ɽ۾Ϣڷǵصӿ
ڷ䡣ֲԤУᡭȾ˰ɡ
һȥ
ӦͬʱѾӰ
ѰϢͿһŰԵڰ֮УȴĽϹһȺˣߺ
ǸīͳΪһƬˡ
ڸҷɽ۾ˣڷءֻǴʱȻǲ֪ģȷʵһϢڷûͺá
Ͼͨɾͬ
״ʵʱȾƵԼôģ֪ӣҲ֪Ӳ˼̫ࡣ
ڿûʱϸ룬ѸӰմͷϣͻȻһ붯֣һ̾ϲ硣
ոտ;һڣŨ
ȻȾˡ
ʱʶʲôʱӦһҲٶ˵ʵ
׻أ
Ҳš
ոջء
㱻ټˣ׻˸ոһŵ棬ͣͣġ
ħ𡣡
׻սľĽһħ˺ɫְ˰ס
ǵڿӶնɷǣ׿ԽƵ󵻸š
üͷĸˡȴǻȥ㴦һ·¶Щˡ
ûػִ׻ӰӸһ̯ӡ
¼ȻӦֵġһǰסˣȻһлָԭǼ䡣
һŷɫҲķףæ
ôϲǿţôҲ˵һ
ҲȫС
ްȻɽ˵
ĬĬŵһУ̾˿
Ȼɽ磬һӲս

лҪ˵:Ҳ
üЦ:
:䲻䣬ˡ
ղأղأղŶ

ɽɳ

ɽǰĵ۹, еŭ
˵ʲô
ǲīȷʵѰֵĵط, ҲЩòӡʹЩ漰۾, Ҳ˵ƽ޲
ֻǵϵļɫǸͬˡ
˶㶯ֶˣʱɫȷ㲻˵ʱ򶼿, ͳĵ
㼱æϣõ۾һ˷˿ɻС
Ƕ, ôҡ
ɫһ
Ǹڲīµˣ
Ӧһ
š
쾲ؿƬ, ֱĲҸӺΪĵ
Ҳ̫ˡ
ɫɨǼ˺ĵ
Ϊɾ˽·ڷ¶, ֪
̴Щֺõζ
, ֪ˣϷǡ
Ҳʶ˵̫, ϾҲɽĵ۾
ǣû˵ĻĵģЩ£ҲЩ̫㣬֪ص, ͷܵô
ζ̫̰, ǿС׸ȥġ㿴콫עڰ׻Ϻ󣬼æЦź嵽ԺҲˣȷʵ嶯ˣҲȷʵ͵͵Ⱦơ
ɨվļˡ
ô˵, ˶ӲһٷûкúõĹȰʧְֵģǲˡ
ЩǿӲ
磬ǵ۾ֻҪҵĻͺˣԹҵ˾ͺð
ɫĿ
㷸ԣǾԲԷֲ֪
ǳǳЦš
и˵
ⲻǲǹ򡣸οΪ۾
㳹Ц⣬һδĻ
ȷʵΪ۾ĲãҲδħһְƽʱͲɽĻпնȰң۾
ħٲãҲɽ۾ιܵңôҹܵءô˵Ҳҹǰɡ
һ˫صĻõվŵ΢΢ֱͦЩǵĵ۾վˣɽ磬վˡ
ң־ȫΪάǡ
ΪʲôңôԹأǴ𰸰ɡ
ǣҲȷʵдġ
΢̧ɫ޲
ֳһЦɨһҪ˵ʲôǰڵˣȳȥɣҸħһ½¶
:ȷ۾Ǹųӡ:Ҫǵĵ۾
ԼȻǣǸ׵
۾
üͷ΢ɲһ£ǿдĻȻ󿪿ȥ
ˣҪҸħˣǵĳͷҲֵģİɣ˵ġ
ǡ
ͬʱӦ׻һĸо
׿˵Ӱ󣬴λεĳĬš
ȻεĿֻһˡ
磬ȷʵ֪ˣҰ׻ȷʵȰҡ뵽ԼոյǿƣеûףϾ˻δй˴ķء
쾲ŵʵ
ǰɽ˿
Ѹٴ
ûС
ʡ
ո췣ɣ
ǡ
¶˵
Ϊ֪ɾ˽·кγͷԼ
ȷʵ޷ģǽ죬ҲԼȷʵ̫³çˡ
磬֪Ҹóеʲôȷʵ޹ء
ûٸ̸˵⣬תű𴦷
ǸҶ㶯ֽŵˣҾѴģȴΪħ𣬵ȻҲܡ
ڲϢʱ
ͨɾزǳɸɹǣΪһಡֵķˡΪҪسѹƵģصĻʶɾͱسĥˡ
ͷ˵ţҲԽԽᡣ
ĥʶ͵ȻĻ֮䣬޾¹ȥҲٵһʶվҲˡ
̧ͷʱ𲻶˵ʲô
ҲҪ˲˺
ߴ˴գҲ
ң֪ġ
΢һ£ḧһķ˿
İ취к֣֪ܶҲκβ㡣ǧҪڶʶˡ
ı۵֮Цһ
Ҳûлڷչ¶ˣ췢¶Ѿعˡ
΢˵ˬ
˼ԺҲȥ
Ҳֺ֮õĻҲ˵
ͻȻõ̬ȣ㻹Ǻϧģֻǻ̲סʵ
ţ磬ǰ׻أ
Ȼüͷ
ȥ
㼱æ
ǡ᲻ᱻӰ죿
ɸûǿڷıҲ㡮ͻͲµġ
˵;ؿ㣬û뵽ȴɵĵ
ҵȻġ
ǷݶԻ˵ġ
ɿּᶨɫ̲סЩÿ
Ÿոշɽ粻ðɣôܵǵ۾
˵׻һüɫ衣
ǿʤСܴƢҲܶθڰҲɽеѡ
쿴ЦһһΨһѡ
Ͷһʵ
ڤ֮Ψһѡ
䣬嫵ʹ˽
ȥˣ˵ˣ
ǿ򶨡
Ķģ
ƽѸٵĻص
ǣԵô¶
㣬ôɴĻش˸ǣ˼ô¶
˲۵ˣңֶеһ١
Цʲô¶ֵħô󶯸ɸꡣ
һʵ
磿
һ
ʱûס˵Ƣɽ˲ԭ򣬾춼ͦġ쿴ͬһʿһۣЦ
ȷʵʲô¶һڣԤоͲãȻ
ǲ˴һ¥˷棬ǵķǰƾնѡ
嫣ǿҲС
ûϵҲǾ뷲Ҳշеġ
Ϊ˾뷲䣬ǲ֪λ۾ǵģôͣ̾˿Ȼ˾仰
ѾˣԺºѽˡ
嫽ҲС
ڤ֮ذҲûȥذԶЦšԺȥڤ֮档
һֱСάȻǺܸмġ
嫾áתͷֳааЦšĹĽ̻Ҳõġ
յһƬڣֻ̲ס̾˿
㵹ûһѹ
ιҸܵġҾͻȥħ֮Ԩ٣ȻԼɽǧꡣ
嫽һαɫ
㡣
嫵ۣ
Ҫ۱˾۰ɡ
嫲ԵĿ㣬Цһһ۱ѽȻҲ۱ˡ

ԭǧ

徲廹һ徲, ȻҲпΪˡ
ðɣΪˡ
粽㴲, ʱչ¶Ц, ʱü, ʱ磬ʱһ
Ҳµû
Ȼˡ
ʵ
ǰļ
²ȷĻشһ䡣
, Ӧǰɡ
ÿζܻ֮ǰ¶ġ
, Լ츳֮󣬾Ͳı취ˡ
Ȼû˵㱿˼
ûС
˯һ֪, , ջĿ⣬˵
嫾, Ԥ֪һ£ŵ𣿡
¶ߣشĺԥ
Ȼԡ
ǻû¿ڣһ˵
ֻǣ㲻Ԥħ绹ǰɵĿԶܴġϾħ籾ԶĴ, ȻûôǿˣΪ, Ҳܱ˿̽ʲôġ
Ŀɨ㲻ͣ仯ŵɫЩɵĿڵ
ҲˣҪҪˣ
ĸܵ嫵ĹĵģҲЦĺϡ
, һеġ˵Ҳ֪ʲôҪ¶
嫻Ȱ
ֻҪ¹λʲôǲҪġһ֮δԤ⣬ɿħ绹ǳ硣
Цݲ䣬ȴͻȻת˻⣬ΪȤ˵
һֱų磬Ҳһֱħڸֶ磬ôû嫾أ嫾ƽĬĬŵ˰ɣҲ̫͵ˡ
¿žܺܺõ˾ȣ۾ﻹЩ㵵嫣һ֪˵
嫾ƺǸһͬİɣ嫾ʶħأ
ĺܺõס˱һȻ紺㵭˵
ͬΪسʱȻʶˡ
΢΢ɴɫӡ
˵嫾ʶʱɽѾƾˣ׻ȸǶѾء
̾˿Щ˵
£ȷʵʶһЩҡ
ָֻ˸ոһЦģֻһĲЦݣȴոǸ浥ˣڼֱһֽƻĻӡ
嫾Ҿǰ˵Ȥ˯ˣĵʰˡ
ûٿڣѾߵűߣŤͷЦĸĵ
嫾ͺúõɣϾ͹
ڼһ
¡
վ⣬ص
һС£һעⰲȫġ
°Źϣص̾
㣬ǣء
ȴŹϵһ̣ɫ̳ȥ
ȷʵǻ嫸ĹϵģԸողӻ̽
ҲǸ˺㣬ҪġȻҲտԵˡ
ΪԼεҲ
ټֱ㹻׼ļ䲻ȫڰ׻¶ϣ¶϶ıܷӦռϷ粢ȫ׼ȷġ
嫵Ҳȫܸоġ
ǰĹϵܺãǳãֱ˴˵ĺá
Ҳظ飬Ҳ˼ϵġ
ǣһеǰᣬˡ
Ϊ㱻ݺվߣԺ˺ء
Ժ϶ġ
˵˼ֱԼҪ˽ǡҪʾأء
ССһ־ͰŪˣҪվء嫾ٵ͵ҲϾ֮һΪصڤ
ͬΪ˼ɶĶ֣嫱ƭˣʵҲ̫ˡ
ܾ嫶Ǳȶôһ˼ȻҲۿ˻
ֻ˵ǧ֮ǰ׷ʲôʱĶأΪʲôᾭһأ
ȻЩĲ²⣬ûи˵¹㣬ݲ롣
˵һϣһĺܺá
Ȼûһֻصŵķ䡣
嫾ô
嫴Ӵߵĵ˵ط
ӣԽԽˡ
Ĵϣָƽŵüͷķᡣ
Ӧã˰ɡ
嫽ŲŲº󣬵˵ͷ
Եʱ䣬㳤ħǱ߶ûʲôڵħĴԣƺԽԽˡ
˵ͷü̧ͷʱ˵
ҪҪұݣҵģҲһۡ
ֿʼ׼ˣЦһ¡
ã˾ͺˡ
ûн˵ȥµƽ
ǵ˺þöûѹļ̲סü˾䡣
˵ڶ֪ʲôˣ
شȴһϤȴֶЩɳƵ
ʲô֪˰
һʱûӦһʡ

µĿһֱϣ˿̼˵һ¾ּ־ϲĵ
ˣ
Ȼ֪û£ǿţԼ˵ҲãʲôҲã޻Ӧӣ̲סѹ
Ȼ֪Ҫѹˣǿѹ̲סĵĸȷϡ
èĪһԼͰҵèɵˡ
Ȼɫ󣬵ﻹһЦݹϣһЦĻЩޡ
Ҳ˻ػ˭
㡣
һһĴϲ󣬵ڶȫ׹ˡ
㶼ˣ
ʵĿҡҡͷһô⡣
ûа
ȴӲס
ţǸոա
ŻŬĸ׳յ
ո֪ʲôˣȷʵʲô֪˰ûоļ䡣

ô᣿
һν
ŶˣǱϾʶ𰡡ֻһ仰˵¸嫾ͬʱĬˡǵõģһû¾ǡ
ЦЦŵ
Ū׻¶ˣϾôĴ̼ǸħŶħ¶Ͳ֪ûˡ
ϸĻ

Цһ£ȻͻȻıס£ͳ¶߲ţﲻ֪ǽٺľϲ⡣
Һõѡ磬ҺҵѡɽҺã㡣
㻹ϰߵĲͣĲĲӡŪҲ֪èǡ
ֻĻȴԽԽˡ
Ҳǵһ˵˰ɣèҵĲʹͣôô˵㡣ôᣬôպþôõ㡣
ȫ˲бˣŻӦƻ飬ҲЩۡ
㵽εʲôˣʲôõĻô۸ˣεˣ
һţҲһԵš
֪ʵӦóȥģ״̬ҲʵǷĲ¡
ѹʱȻ鲻ĲǶ
ףʲôˣ
ǣһǧǰô                        
лҪ˵лΪͶƱӪҺСʹŶ~
л[ӪҺ]Сʹ
һ~~ɫ 5ƿ
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ

ԭǧ

ѵõİ²ĵֽһ

šֲһ, Ӧһ̲סЦ嫾һֱô
:룬Ҳε, Ҷ˻ŲΪ˭
嫵ͷһ, Ȼͷתһ߶㿪ЦĿ⡣
û, дĴ㡣
ƿһĻǵĿ¼ϵü
, 㲢û뿪¼Ĵ, ҲûҪ˵ʲôĴ㡣
ֻµɫȴʼ죬һļǹû˼ȥЩһ˵̾;ô˿˹, Ҫ, 嫻Ա߿š
ǿӷյĸо򶨵㡣
εʲôˣôôͻȻ
ͻȻ㱻ƿʱһԹ, ĵĸˣ˾åͬԹһǰ׻Щ¶֮ǰɽʱ¶
˵¶֮ĺܸлָˡ
ǰǻָˣ
ٴεظ
˵ûʲôļô
嫵ʾǺ紺ģɲƢҲǡ
ǰ¶ǼʲôǼ䣿ţ۾
㿴еʧ, ͦгɾ͸еġ
ûоÿϸڵļ䣬ÿؼ¼ļ䶼, ܴˡ
ƺڱ߻ű˵
ǰֱʰɣʶĻ϶ҲǰΪڵѡ񣬱ЩҪļ䡣
ٴζ˶ٺ㻰ЩȻĸо
, ҵ׸ôʲôɡ
һȥӣͷЦһ¡ʲôžǡ
ָͷЩ
һֱǰǣڵȻҲǡʲôҪʲôԼҪġ
Ц£һ嫵Цһ£̾
ǰҪġ
嫱ģҲŪҡͷЦȴɬޱȵĸظһĻ
ǰǡҪġ
Ҫġ
ջضµĳպĿ⣬Ʋһۺʹ
һ˶೤ʱ䰡
̴𵽡
඼ǻ졣
Ĳ˵ʽôǸѧģʲôʱ˵
˿̵ֱǶʡ
ţ
δĵס
ܹ졣
Բ˵˵áԡ¶Ҫ
һԵʱħûʲôٶ
ǵĶԻǿѹ⡣
ħ絹ûʲôǵħ罫ĴԽԽˡ
Цһаȡ
Ŷν¸嫳֪һ²ŵֻҪɽһħķͷϾͻᱻѹȥˣԲõġ
嫸¾ͬʱʵ
ɽ磿
֪ɽټˣ
Ĺ˾
ǡ
̬ȶʱ侲ȴһϲ
ģ
Ȼġèʱˣ˵Ļв
аӦʱ򣬾ܻ᲻
Ȼ仰Ҳ˵ڵġ
ⲻȷһô
ϵġ
ллèˡ
Ҳĵġ
ġ
ɽ磿
Ȼһֱע⡣
ɽ磬ҵ׵ˣһֱػء
ûȥ׷ģɵĻ˵֪ɽټһ֪ˡ
ֻǡȴ̲סӵĵġ
ǰ඼ƵĿģΪҵɽħ˻᲻ᡭ
ע⵽ʱôڵӣһνӵ
һﲻܣû֪Ļȷ練ƣҲʦ
΢üͷ
Ŷֲһһž;Щڡ
˵㻹ϰǽ͵
Ҫǻ󷨶̽ھʦʵ϶ǲġ
ͻȻصʵ
ͨһֻܳһһأ
Զ׼Ҳ֪ڵʲô
ǣֻܴһֻһηˣһβŻһνپ߱ͨԤ֪н츳
˵꿴һӣͻȻҪ
èʵͨпǵ֪𣿡
һ̣ԼĿ¶ȻҪúöúöѧˡ
ô棬ͻȻ˻˼
ĿǾҰ
¡
ǳǰɣ
Ȼʻȴһ϶
ĶȤζȻû㣬èʱضԺ
ǣ嫾ĻǲµĽġ
»һѧģĵ˵ͷ󣬿˼ĵ
Ǻö˵Ŀǰң嫾ҲҵĿء
:벻Ҫ˼޹
ǣ̲סر̲ס
ǰ¹Ȼ
㡭
èô˵˵žˡ
ðɣǱƫİ
Ʋһۣѧһĵ
һŲħˣǵһеġǸֶΣС˼
ңһҲһȫų
Ǹʵ̫Ļ̫ÿһζܳ䲻𾪵ǡ
˼תҲĵĿڵ
ҵɽ󣬱뾡⿪ɽķӡǵħ֪ϢĻ
ħҪ֪ϢԼȻס
µĻһ¶
ħ֪֪ɽϢ᲻ֱӶ֡
ָܶƣȻҲǼΪ˽ģԵ
ᣬֻҪɽ粻첻ðա
üͷȴĸˡ
ʲô˼˻ڷӡ֮еɽ磿˵ʹɽˣҲȫаաϾҲ׼˽ǧˡ˵ֻɽȻһС
üë΢
˭˵׼˽ǧˣ
»üͷص
ôԴɽʧ١˵һͣһ𾪵Ŀ㡣
Ц
ǰԴɽʧ٣Ҳʧѽ
¸嫻ǵһεͬ
ԡ
һ
ţɡ
ȶľ磬ΪǻûüʰīסҪϵ磬ȷĽһɽվһ𡣡
㣬Ҫô
̧ۿ嫣ϡ
ұȷһʧ嫾Ҳ䣬Ҳû·
˵˿ԵЩ䡣
һΣ綯ɽ类ӡǧ꣬ǵڶأҲɽҶģҲٸڶλ˺ˡ
ҪΨ𣬿ȴ޹
캬ЦĿûн૵
˯Ŀɺá
ֳɫͷ΢Ƶ
ɽ絽Ķأ
лҪ˵¶е̫࣬ˣϻ˯СɰǾϹˡ
Ժһġ
ллСɰǵ֧֡

ԭǧ

۾
㽻ˡ
۾֮
áһ, Ҫغá
ǡ
һζԻﷴظţӦǰرμԵʰɡ
ޱȵļ, ʱֵµʹҲȫ
ŶԻظ, Ҳһһʱľо
˿Լƽ, ŬԼ̡
ܶѰҲˡ
ɽϢ, һжõġ
ǡ
ʥȴȫŪˡ
, 䣬ȸٲ׻ħ, 
ٴһ, Ȼı۾
ɽʢʥڡ
, ɵ
֪׻Ҫܷȸһߵ߽۹ڣȫû˼۾ݣĺ
㶢ŽŵĽŮ۵Ȱ׻ҪСλʥɼѵõ츳, ڵƸ䵹Ǻܲ
ͷȥסζЦ, ȸһ΢ıӰ
۾Ҳֱûأ˭ģ˵ɵŲ̰·ȥ
ȸЩƣȴֱ׳ĵ
š
ߵǰվְ̬ȷһЩ
۾, 㲻ɵǸħ˵ܷܷ
һħôܹܵɽ¶οǵ۾
ȸ˵˵žЩƲסˣ̫ԽԽȸŬż⣬תͷַ˫磬Ŀ֣ص
㲻ܱ۸ҪǱ۸ˣɽ粻ñ۸С
㻹ͷһⱻԴأȸС֣ӸµĿ
СȸôΪͨߵģʱɹʵ¶ûУУ˭˵ұ۸ˣ˭˵ǻᱻ۸ˡðɣұ۸ˣҲ۸ǵġ
ȸ˰죬ƺĥƿ˼Ȼǰ仹ͨ׶ռϷ磬ȻǸ˺ü䡣
㣬ôͻȻǰͨߵˡ˵뵱ܵϵ߶ٺŪͨߵݰ߶ٶС
ЦӦ߶ٺ붯ҵͨ߰ɡ˵ŻͬʱЦ𽥼ϣϸһ߶ٶа
ȸ
ԽԽίȰġôͻȻͱˡ
ȸһű׼Ȼһ㡣
УͲС
΢΢ӣʼЩӨۿ֮ǰĳŵظһ顣˵ЩҲԸЩƽַȸϸͷš
İɣҲᱻ۸ġұ۸ˣҲǱ۸ģԲᡣ
ȸεˣֻλ۾֡ҿʥްιʥ޵ͷô
ﲻͣţȴǹԹԵվԭ˰񫡣
ӹֵĺ˼£ֱȸͷȫŪ֮˵
İ׻أ
ȸӵˣɴǰ̨ϣ˫ֳ°͵
׻类緣ˣħ֮ԨԱߣ˵һܷ
ȸ˵˵ίˣ׵ԼĸȾԼ
׻ôɰΪǸħ𱻷ġ
ɰĶĴ
İ׻Ҳǰɰˡ
ȸĲˡ
˵
˲ʧЦ
㿴㣬ֱĶˣ˵˵һģһ
ȸɫ΢΢Щ죬ȴǿӲ
жҲԸ⡣
úúãԸͺáӦ᲻ŵ˵һ䡰ǧ򣬲ҪǶźá
˵ߣһȸԴƺܾԼӦϰһµģΪԺ󡭡Ժߣèô
˻Դ˦ԼЩĵ뷨Ҳȸߵ
鲻ħ֪ΪҸ׻ȷʵ˴ġ
ȸȻԼ⣬ȻҲôˡ
ħ׷ŲŵĻ˭˵۾д׻Ҳǣʥ֮һء
Ǿȵü
Ǵ˲׷ξûôЩǴĶѧġ
Ȼһĵ
Щ̫ʢˣͨһ̫ˡ
ȸС
Ϊ츳̫˰
ǵİܸˣΪɽĴҳ֮ɽ
С츳ôʱйȻ뷨Ӧֻأع򱾾ˣ˶١
˵ֹ⿴ȸ˵һ䡣
ԽԽˡ
ʱ·¶ɽ۾ϣüͷһȸսľģƲƲ͵
۾Ҵˡ
ȸ֪Լˡûȥ׻ûҲȥôࡣ
ֻǡ
Ҿǣ׻ܷϲˣѹʹࡣңħ𡭡ǵħ𣬲ɽ磬Ҳǡ
:
ı仰ͬʱҲеô¶
ֵȸͷϽŪҵͷḧ˳֮嵽
֪֪ҵСȸǡֻһСͷѣõĵġ
˵һЦ仨һ
ǵħҲôɽ񡣡ôԽ˵Խԡ
ǣôҲ᲻ǵİ
ԼҲĻû˵Ҫǰ̫ʵˡٶȸĵ󣬸ˡ
ɫ˵
ҵģһǵġסǺã֪
Ȼ̫ϲɿգ˵һЦȸһµ
ˣȥİ׻ˣȻôɰһ˸úˡ
ȸ:˵׻ŲẦ¡
ֻ¶ģ˵ģ˵һ¡
ǣ۾Сġð׻ҲСġ
׻ħ֮ԨԱ߾͹ˣο۾Ҫħ֮ԨȸһʱԼʵڴָֻһ䡣
У۾һҪСİ
ġ
ȻСĵģ֮С
ܲٵĻȻҲģʲôԾдһҪԷˡ
ҲȥôΣյĵطκε¶
ǱһҪȥĻԻȥġ
ݣΥ֮ûмӱԳͣͻִˡӡѾϣ治ãȥá
ûκξٴĻʱ򣬿¾Ͳħ֮Ԩٽô򵥵¶ˡ
ǣǲɽġ
ڻ磬ΪȻвٵĽǷֵһµĻ߷ֵ㹻ĻԼʲôζȥеˡ
ŻҪͷ׻ǡ
ǣ˭˼Լء
˵ûسӡİ׻ܷܲȫȡ̬ˡ
Ȼǲð׻ܷģ׻Ǳģһʲôʸȥˣοر𻤶̡

ԭǧ

ħ֮Ԩǧļ尾, Ժľʶ
СװоΣ
ħ֮ԨԱߵİ׻߽, ħ֮ԨﲻӿϢúЩ, ȴһɵ˵
, Ǹĺõط
ü
Ǿͺá
˵ŻͬʱѾߵ, ̽ͷħ֮Ԩ￴ȥ, һʱ̾
Ϻǣ׳۰
㵱ȻǵһˣǰǶǽȥ, ò˾뿪, ûʲôѹοɾͲһˡ
˵˭û¶Լ, ҲΪ̫˲Żȥħ֮Ԩ䡣
׻˿ŻشĻ
Ȼ׳ˣؼµļɶħ֮Ԩˡ
ջԴƲƲͣŰ׻һЦ
ϣ˵Ϊʲô, ĵط٣˸ɵ¶
׻ɻ

, 
Сʲô˼
׻Ȼ˵ʾ䣬ȴģ϶ġ

㡭ǡ
ûҪ˵ȥˡ
Ҫȥˡ
׻ɵɫ˲һ
㡣
סԺֵͷ
, ҵʱӦȰȰġҪȻҲᡭ
ߵߣֱӴĻ
ƨ
׻:绹ɽ磬ǵһ˸˵˵Ƿƨءôء
һţȴŷ
ʲôϵȥģ˵ȰĶô㡣
׻Ȼ֪Щѹǣʲôû㡣
ѹǣʲôҲˣԼȴֵʲô
ͷĸˣƵƺ΢˵ʡ
٣ҲȾƵġ
ִļϣ
·ȥȾƣǸвķˣһΪ㣬һġ
ˣ˼ˡǲôɽ磬еʲô롣ֲʲôֻǣû뵽ֵôˡ
˵ںüֵ
ҪȥʱҾ֪ԼҪеʲôεġ
׻һ£޺޵
֪㻹ȥ
ŵűײĵطί
˵û뵽ô𡣡
˵꿴Ű׻һĹ̲סЦ
ˣҪȥˡ
׻ᳶסɫ½ǡ
㡣
ţ
׻û֣Ǿ
㣬СġСԲ𡣡
ȫҪԲҲ
˵˵ʲô
׻ЩӼæ͵
ᣬԲΪȥ¶Ϊ㡣ΪʵŲ㡣
̾˿ְĵ۾ĹˣҲĹֵ
˭ǵ۾ϴ󰡡ҪǸʵǿһôϴ󰡡㲻ǿûϵúöǼҵ۾Ҿͺˡ
˵ͻȻЦ֮ǰӦСȸһỤء
׻ĻҲЦ⣬˿ȴͻȻֽ
Ҳ֪ˡ
ţиɲɵʱ
׻Ц⡣
ǰ
˰
㡣
λûء
ˣҲ˵ˡǸ˵ٶ࣬Ҳȥ㻹ȥء
׻һ½ǡ
ţ㡣
ɴľܾ
ãȥ
촽΢̽ŵ
ط֮ǿģܶסô˵ɲ˭÷˭÷һһƫΪС¶ȥֵô
׻ǲĵֺһ
㡣
һͻȻˡ
ôˣС׻ô᲻Ұ
š
׻ʹĳϣ㵹Щˡ
ѽû¶ôﶼ¶һһŪĸƵġ
׻Ŵ
˵
׻ΪɽʥȻǴӲЩġƽʲô˵ǵԼںϣһ䲻ĻҲġ
ܷȻʲô¶㿴Ű׻ɵһˡðɣ϶ǲùģǶ˵ûôءΨһѰľʱ䳤˵ɣԴҳûôʱء
ǡ
ûð׻˵һֶ
ˣСȸءȥɡ
Ҫȥ˰ϻˡ
ֻǡȻҴææľǲã˵ǸЩġ
ħ֮Ԩķ˼š
ȣֶȴֶ˼µȻܹħ֮ԨֶԳ嶼Щܲס
οţҪķ硣ͣر任Ҳĥ
þģֱӾֲܸǰƵĲ˾ͻȥ١
çײĿ
ԣھأǵȵȥء
Ҳ֪ԼЩ칲ĥһǧԺ󣬻᲻ֱӱٸ
ˣѵİɡ
лҪ˵ֻˣŶ

ԭǧ2

ʱħ֮ԨϷ, ħķ
һһ޵ӰţĬĬضƲϷŵա
Ȼ١
ᵭ
üϰȽ鷳
ʮŵ֮, ħ֮Ԩǧô
嫵Ļһ㶡
˵ⲻ󡣡
ҲĬһ˵
ɻѰİ, , ĳͷǲеˡ
ǸĳĬҲų˲١
ˡ
嫽žͰȰŰ۵ĵ
, 䡣
쾶ֱĻ
嫾, ô˵Ӧ˰ɡ嫾Ȼǿġ
쿴һ嫺ֿеħ֮Ԩ΢ŵ̾˿
οԼľ, Ȩ档ȻǳŲȥĻ, Ҳ˵ʲôġ
ȴҡҡͷ
۶ʹѰһŵ׵ġ
ͷ϶嫵Ļ, ۶˽⣬϶Ǹʤһġ
ΪԤô
ĺܾȣԵҲЩߡ
Ԥ⣿ѵ˸ɽ۾ùͷ
һЦ
嫾Ԥ
嫶ʱͰ, һŵ
ֻǣֻǾӦòôصġΪɽ۾, ǿᡣ˵ͦסǰˡ
嫱˵ǰˣ첻Ҫٶһζ˵ˡ
˲ͷӦˣôǰ
ȻҲͻȻͣٵ˼Բδ仰˵ȥ, ˵һȫԲϵĻ
Ϊɽ۾ûеĻͳɽء
ҡͷЦ
̫ˡ
߽嫣ĿšЦЦһħ֮Ԩﻹûʼ׽ٺ󣬲רĵĿ嫵
嫾밢㲻һȫ෴ġ
ȴֿ嫿档
ѲݣۣȴԺֺȴȻܲһĴ̼Ȼͻ鲼Ѻۡ
ͷ˶ٽ˵
ƺں£һ̫ӲġԴ˷һЩ࣬Ҳǻ¶
嫿ЦЦ
仹˽Ҳ˽ҰҲˡ
ü
ɺ϶ѡ
˽⡣ǲ֪Լأ
ңҶԼû˽⣬ʱ֪ԼʲôΪʲôҪô޾£ȴأתЦָֻһָ㽭ɽģ
ǣ嫾ΪΡ
嫿һֵĽϵ̬˵
ɡ˵ֲĻǰħʯɡƣĴš
Ϊ嫵
嫾ħʯһǣ벻
嫾仰עĵЩˡ仰Īܲ˼½ӡ
嫺Ӧһһüյ
ţ׽Ҫʼˡ
㿴һֱ£ǲɵôһ˿Ц
ʱ򰡣ողŴӹ̵ķ·ܰһƤһѳûһ˿ϢĻᣬֱӰһ׽١
̲סһ£ѡٵʱ֮е¶
ɣʮ˵ء
ȻϵĴ˾ʲôġ
ŵĥľȴͻȻ׽ٸˡ
ⲻǺ¶
:¶ԡ
һ̣Щġ
ǵ۾Ƥ񣬾ǿ졣׽ٽȵԭأǸּĽ˺
ֻһǱŵ壬ʵڵġ
嫻Ȼ죬һ
䡣
վġ
ȥ
ȴסʧЦ
ƽʱô嶯
֪ĵЦֻǸһʵ㲻ٿڡ
ʱȷʵЩˣЩ˵޴󰭡ľŸոȶ㣬ʱȥ˷ľͼ鷳
嫺ЦĵĽš
ҪǧģЩ˵ΪȴͣЪļľҪġ
Ի˻ȴǴ粽ħ֮ԨԱߡ
ֻʱǧʱԽԽѰ߹޾¡ȴһξʱ侹
ܣһֱǻܿ㲻ˡܣħԽԽʽ΢ܣԼĲˡ
嫵ȻҲһֱڵģ㣬Ҳ졣
嫾
ͻȻĿڣ嫴æӦ
ţ
ԺҲȥ˷˰ɡ
嫶Ҳͷۡ
Ҳɡ
ʡ
㲻ȥڤ֮ɢô
嫵ͷ
ǰ㻹ûȥڤ֮ء֪᲻ϲ
и취һϲڤģҲϲ
һһ˵
컹ЦŲĿ˿ڡ
ڤ緲羰һӦúܻϲİɡңҲڤ̫֮ˡ
嫵û뵽һǰ˭˵ڤһû谵޹ġ
һúöáҲǸһϲҲΪħ֮Ԩӽӷ硣

ңˡ

Ϊڤ֮ص, ҪڤʲôȻһ֮¶
Ϊ⣬ҲΪܹϲԸϻڤ, Ҫֽ˶ǵķ羰
¶ĺܿ, һԼȷʵҲϲ, Լں˻ϲ¶
ԣħ֮Ԩʱ, ڳ
ʹ, ҲǺܿĵģΪڰ
硣
ɫЦľġ
ǰᱧһ, һ䡣
, ûˣ
ȫȻûаƣľ򣬹ֵ
û, ħ֮ԨҲ̫ճˡեˡ
εЦһۡȷʵǣȷʵǿ챻եˡ
㡭
ȥۣЦ
߰ɣǻĵ۹ء
һЦţҲ̲ס͸ϲ
, ǻǵʲôʱ۾Ҳͦɹǰɣ硣
Ӧ
, ܺá
ɢɢϹʵ
嫾ôûǻ˵ȥڤô
һ˸Ʋŵ
ڤ¶, ˵ôôʲôʱ򲻶ȥ
˵ֺСƵĺ󱳡
嫾һ꣬϶ܿͻġ
庢ӵˣһƾȥڤˡ
ǣȴһõŽ
֪֪嫾Ҳҵġ
ǰƺǸӡʲôʲô۾
磬ǧûҡ
Ŀ϶
Ȼġ
ĳϲͬʱӵôˡ
Ǹôûң
ȡ컹š
һֱħ֮Ԩϵġ
ȴͻȻĬˣ˺һǲŷӦ
磬һֱ
컹Ϊʲôأ⻰һЦ
Ȼģƭ㡣
ֹòصӦһ
š
һ·˵ͣͻȻͰˣȻڸɽ·ϾһֱɵЦͣ
ħ֮Ԩʱ򣬻ѵܹģһġ
ԺǶЩܲסʵĻ䣬Ӧɽ֮¶ɡ
֮лɽ磬ΪΪʥסħĴҲԲ뵽»˾ɡ
ǣʲô벻أɽ綯ˣˣָ֮ǰһΨһˣƴӵô
ҲȷʵǲΪʲôôɡ
㵽Ҳף׵ʱΪʲôľٶΪʲô
ΪôһֱΪϣҲһֱ׽綼Ѿ˰
ѾϵˣΪʲôôǰ˼ý⡣
ⶼѾνˡ
Щ¶ûҪôףŪôΪûãҲı䲻ʲô
񵱳ִŵҪһ𰸡
õĲһ䡰Ҳܰġ
۾
˹ĵȺڵ۹ڣǵȻҲȥӽλ۾šĳλ˻ǾͲòȺڴˡ
ȻɽɾǣȫȻ֪λ۾Ȼħ֮Ԩǧġ
ûһǧûʲôֵġ
ϣͦ밡
ɫȻ԰ţȴʥ˸кû취һǧ˶û˵Լ챻ﻵˡ
ȻǸְ̫ĵ۾ɵ׻ǺܵϿɵġȻҲһҪǿŵӣһ϶ˡ
СҲˣѵðӻǹ󰡡
:ҲͬٵļһʸҵʱСְɡ
ȴǹ
۾ȻΪҪġ
ûκ˻شͽŵҲõǣ˵ʥû˰
˵㣬СҲ̫ȺˡôС
ѵŶˣȴǿļһ߷ܶš
Լȼ֮Ƕȥˣ·ϾܰԼΡ
ħ֮Ԩ尾ǧ궼û¶ԺΪ̫ˡ
쿴㻹ûͣ˼һ
ȥϢɺã
Ҳˣܸúúõһ˰ɡ
ûش׷׸ˡ
㿴ǴæģЩЦ˵
磬˵ɱҺʹˡ
ɫ˵
ȷʵˣǰ㲻˰ɡ
㾪˵
ôᣬʲôɽ͸кη
ȴ̲ĵ

û˿ԥ
Ȼǡ
ĺ˲ЦĿֿ˵
ˣȥ˰ɡĪҪǿˡ
˵ͷȴ
û¶ûˡ
üЦ
Ҫô
ͻȻͽæ
ãԼͺá϶ûͻָˡ
쿴תҪߵıӰһ䡣
ţ㣬ħ֮Ԩһǧ϶Ѱɡ
㱾ܵþ˵һʱ㶺ȴֿ϶Ӧ
ǰǰһǧδʱҲòֵġ
һ䡣
ǰʱ
ת
磿
һЦ
£Ȼø㣬ҿɾҪħˡ
εʧ
ðɣҺȥҸ硣
ÿζʵֵĳŵ
ãһġ
ֻΣ֪ǷһϲȻ                        
лҪ˵лΪͶƱӪҺСʹŶ~
л[ӪҺ]Сʹ
һ~~ɫ 5ƿ
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ

ңˡ

, ڤ⣬ħ粢޲ͬ, Ψһһһħ̺з
ƫƫ, ħӲֻءƫƫ, ħѳɣѰ
ɽȻͳѡ
ħ罻, ˶ּɡɽԽԽƴ, ħ紦ԽļѣֶԱԽԽص£һҲȻű仯
ħħ, Ȼħΰ˳ηĴڡ
ħܵ, ŵħԻ͡
ʱħŸڡ
ħ, Դϴɽ۾ڷ֮ԽԽʢħ粻֪ʱڻСһͬΪħ֮ˡ
òޱӦһ
Ŷ
¹վŵ̲ס
ħڵħл, ٹȥ꣬ഫ, Ǿͻ˺ˡ
ԷһζЦ˵֮˵̲סĿʼ
㵹ͦࡣ
µƸǫħ𡣡
˻֡
ˣ߷ִ硣
ظ˳Ÿ, Ÿ̧ͷ
ħ統Ȼû˸ġ޾ǵһһɣһôɲ
㣬Ҳ˺ģҲ˺ġ
ħҲȥǲܾϢɢ֮䣬ħҲܡ
Բ԰׵֣ڵķġŸϢĳһˣһۣ
ħ𡣡
̣Ρ
һа׵˵仰󣬾һֵ
Դɨճصйص۾ǧδӦĽɡ
컹ǳĬţҲ֪仰Ǵ˻˵ĶԣֻҲųĬš
һ͸ŸͬɽһľɫԼҲ֪˶ã֪ԼЩʲô
ı۾һЦ
㵹ģȷʵҲ˵ȥйסЩˡ
ɱץŵڣԻŽӲָ
ħ̵зҲµҡ
̵зǣȴеЦˡȥúöŰɣ·ͬСɣĪҪ©
̹Ӧ
ǡ
䣬ʲôƽأǺ޹ƽԡ
ɽ缴ʹڳҲȷʵǵġ
֮乲棬һһȫӹĽء
ɽһ磬ȫΪ˷ɽڵĵ硣
ɵĵӣԸܵһ˳
ɽĹϵеġڵ绹һػɽΪٵ壬һһһɽеģɽһ塣
ΪˣȴҪػŸ߸ϵɽ硣ԻʱھͶµĹأ˭ҲΪʲô
ÿһ峤ᶨִŵΪÿһλ˴Сͱ˼Σÿ˶ŵ
ֱ˵һλŵˡֱ峤֪ɽʧ٣ҲػѾ֪ٵɽ硣
ϹžʹڵСС岿ɢʷĳ
ǣϵͽӡɽʧ٣ɢ
½˵ʲô͸ĵŮҵĸ͸ȺŭĿӵɫꡣ
ԿеŮһۣü޷˵˵
һֻǵƽСһСС壬ʲôȥػʲôɽ硣οǿᣬңɼɽҪǵػ
֪˭֪ͨ峤Զ
֡
˸Ͻ׷ÿһ·
峤
峤
峤߽½ߡ֣ص
汲ĴĹءο֮ããϲԣܴġ
½̬Ȼǲ
峤½֪糾ɳҲ˼ܾȨ½ȷʵûػɽɽ磬Ҳǵػ
½ŮĸӼеĺһ½һǸŵ
οؾδģɽҲδֹ
峤ܻĴĹõĶ죬ǿأ޲õ½Դȡ
½Ƿʲôħˡ֪ԣԽһˡ
峤˻һΧȰ½ƽʱԵܺãڿ죬ػɽ¶ԺŬк÷ɽء
ֻǽյİ½ȴǻ˸һ
½Ծд峤ΪҪأ
峤Ц
һػɽΪΣ޴ġһϣı·ȥɡ
ƽϵܺõѣ׷׿Ȱ
峤½ֻһʱˣǻúöȰȰġ
ǰ峤ƽʱġ
ֻǣ½Դı¿ˡ
½л峤飬лλһֱĿϵŮһۡ½Զǵһ彫Ķ顣
½Ȼתȥ峤ƽĺͻȻʱʧ˼㡣
ͽ
⻹ԻһŵȻ塣
ԺҲԾӣҲûһΪṩӻˡ
ҲԶʧȥǸĵĹˡ
𣿡
½һ
ڣ۾
ǵĬһͻȻЦ
֪ǵ۾ģ
½ǻش
µġ
ţ
˶ٺ󣬰½̾˿˵
Ҳ֪ɽ۾˭ܶɽָơοɽ糼ģ˭
ȷʵ˲ǿ˵˾䡣
ҹȻûѡˡ
Ժ󣬲ѡˡ
۾ɽ˴䡣ءһָõΣ
ע⵽ʱĸĿڣҲĬĬ̾˿
һʹѾˡԺֻҪˣ̫ܰƽ١
Ȼǰǣ˳ŵȻ޾µŬһ
½ĵ˵ͷͻȻֿڵ
۾ϵһôԲŸһԼŵô
㻹ǵ仰ʱɻ
ϵˣôܻᷢһС
ɽʼաûա
ɽֻһ۾һԻʱصĳŵȴǺ֪ģҲԼġ
ǿ϶֪ġ
ô˭һ嶨˳ŵ˭ϵշһС
˵عҲʵЩ

ңˡ

, ɽ絽Ķ
»㴲ߣһ̱ƹļơ
൱ϵûֱӻش
һɽصĶ
¶ݺݵص
ǲô
Ҳס, ʧЦ
è

ǲɽ
ûش, ֹ̾Ҫ˵Ļ
嫾, ãɽĶ
һ, һǾ¶Ҫı顣ǿһ, Ҳɫش
Ըﲻӡɽʱո䣬¹ɽôɾ, , ðΣյĵطȫĵطա
½Ļ
ο֪ԼʲôʱܻԺǸʲô״
ԡ
˶һ, ͬ
ڵ硣
㿴ǾúЦȻأ
¶ƵӺϻһ¡
Ƕܲµô˽㣬ֻҪ֪ʲôҲ׵Ĳµɡ
ɷʵ
أ
¾ض㿴һ, ǿѹͷĻ
ǲˣοҡˡ
, Ǿɡ
Եһħ˰
ãȻͳɹʶô
΢ۡ
ɽ粻һŰɣ
ЦЦü
ٴͬ
ԡۡ
˵֮һʧԵģ˼
һôûħ, ֪ĻζһŰ߰ɡ
ڵı۾Цš
˵ûоûС
˵۾Ϳ˶ֱĶһ̵ģ
бҪһµģһ
ţ˶˵㹻ˡοҲһ֪ɽһţһܹ֪ɽڵġ
üͷ

ô˽Ⱒ㣬Ϊʲô᲻֪ôЦЦ
Ϊ˽ɽ۾ҲԶĵܵ㡣
ԽͣҲŵ
Ǹûоıѵĵ۾㡣
ڵǵ
̧ͷһЦĿûס˾䡣
֪һ¶ɣ
Цݽ䵭Ӧ
ţһֻԼ֪ң֪ô֪ģҲ֪ΪʲôҲκˡ֪ŵΪʲô
֪ˡոǸӷ·ǴһһЦյֵֻЩ
ֺ󣬿ڵ
ǻȷɽټˡ
ҲЦʱЩ
Żְûһİðգûôʱ䣬ֻˡ
̲סظһ䡣
ȷʵǹŵġȻһŵĿ˼ôڱصáŪѹܴ󰡡
㿴Цţ
ѹж
ԶǽǸˡ
㣬ʲôʱֽӡǡȹͨ磿
硣һ䣬µèһᷢô
ţ˵֮ǰԤ֪ôҲü˼һͨ߾ģԤ¶ԤС¶ҪֿŵĶࡣ
̧ͷǵ
ЩӦö׵ġĿԺܴ󡣵ǣѾѹˣ֮ĳҲ˽˱Ҳܴ󡣡
ҲԾü̧ۿ̾˿
֪ͨ磿
ʾ䣬ȴޱȵĿ϶
ҡҡͷЦЦȴԲˡ
ħǱ߶֪ˣǵĴ𸴱ȽϺá
ЩΡ
ǻбĴô
Ȼ
Ҳ׶
ԺһɽԪġڤǵøɴġ
üһЦ
īɡ
ԽԽĥ͸뷨ˡ
ǱϾɽ᲻ᡭ
뷨򵥵ĺܡ
üȥģɽŲīƽء
˵ͻȻЩаǡ
ǲīĻػɿһЩô
һ:ʲô˼
һġ˼
һֽ¶ϡ
ǵظ̶ֻ֮ٵȵȡһŻ᲻Ӱ죬ҪҪҳһ¡
Լɡһûʦذɣһ˲˼밲ˡ
µĵ
塭
ĺܺá
Ŀ²֡
èһȥɡ
º˵ͷ
ţҲø밲ġ
óѵĳֵôߵ
ԡ

嫼ʱаķ䣬ȥԪīȥˡ
һŴĵӸոմ˲صλͼ½ž͹ˡ
˹
ʦͽݹʦ
¼
λŵĵӿ˵ͷȻɨɫһӰӶʱĵ:˵ĹȻûǺܺð
һƬ
ΣôͻȻܹˣҪΪʦʲôʱԡ
ؾصĴ
Ҳ԰
ˬ졣
ԣɣСӡ
ЦŴǰȥ
ʦͽȻΪ̫ʦ
ֺõķԼ϶֡
ողصϡλŹˡΪ£Ӧ֪ɡ
ͽס
ʹ죬ǵһءֲõЩȡΪҪһأȻˣҲǸɴ
ţҪ£ʵܼ򵥡
ɽ磬һеԴͷҲĽ취
һʼҲΪɽô
ʦ˵ĻȻġ
ߵǰϰߵ˵
ʦǵĵ˶ѰĵϾͻóˡ
ӻȻվ𣬶˫ַŰ£ָŴӷÿʱȻ˼ָӡ
һǧˣһҲһǧˡ
һʱɷ
ԣһˡ
˾ͺã˾ͺáյģΪοĵ
ʦģһʼʦġֻԺ󣬿ܾûˡ
յߣһ
һ仰ôôϺ갡Ӧûɫļô
Ц
˰ɡûǰôˣҲڡ
Цּĵ
жص˰ɣԺϺһžػɡ
徲ʱ㻹ǽ¹սķ
ΪոյǸ龰ﻹǲ̫ܡ
ǺܵģҡҲܺá
㿿ϣ˹˵
ֹ֪ʦģʦǶᵣģèҲܵİɡ
·ɿҡҡͷ
Ҷġ
ǣ˵ꡣЦЦǲĺܼ򵥲èôģҲһġ
ǻʲôƵЦš
ţǣû¶ء
ǰû¶ء§촽Ĳš
һЩѶȵ¶òá


ңˡ

һļŪŻèȴֻ˯, ģ඼Ǵͣûô۹
ľȴĺ, ƣǸϵĶ, Ž˯֮, תƽ
ҹɫ˯˵ͻȻ۾ͷ˿˯º, СĶų˱ŵֱ, ˴
һźɽڵӵǸ߾վһ㣬ͻȻʧ
ܻһİ, ŵĺڷ·ʱ䶼ͣסˡε֮Ŀռ
طˡ
һԷӡԼ, ڶʶ£, ڲǱˡ
þòûң
㿴ǰϤ壬ǵЦⲻɵþʹ˿ɬ΢΢Ĳš
ǰ־ܴĵȴ߳һ, ׵֡
СЩ֣̿أ૵
Ӧ, ˰ɡ
ǧ£ˡ
ָĳ˯ǧĴھֹ塣
վŵӰ֮Уڰصһ̾ߡ
ˡ
ķ·ʶĳкȴش֣ض
ţˡ
Ϥȴûǰ⡣
Ҿͷˡ
ŬЦŻش, Ҫȥ֣վûж
ţİɡ
ΪҾ㣬Ұ
۾㣬ǰһƬɪȡ߽۹֮ڣĿǻ
ңˡ
ڸߴĵһһ߽ǵµ̨վסһЦ
׻˻Ϣȸ˻ԼˣҲ
Ǵûģǽؿ̫أΪ۾Ѽɡ
뵽ɫԽᡣֻЦ⽥ͬʱһȻĲãȻָḧգȻЦַŷЦ۹֮ڻصš
㣬㵽׸ʲôѽǴ͸ˣǻá
Ƭ̺Ȼתɫһ˿Ц⣬ȡ֮һԵ
ңˡ
ɽ۾ƺޱкƵĽڽɽ綼ʼ˷ܣѹֹõļ
㣬һġ
㿴մųЦ˵һ䡣
ɽӡһ⣬ضӦûдæ֣Ҳ˵Ҫȵġ
ǣ֪ɽڣһˣʵڵȲ
̲סɽ磬ҲǶȡһЩָʱ䡣
Ҳ嫺¿ӵųӡУʶ
վҲˡ
һۣһ徲۵⡣
ᶯһ¡ţǸơԺԼгˡ
ߵĶȥźֻﲻɵþʹЦˣСè
´űһ
Լɣûѹ
ţ⡣ӦŷӦݵһۡ
ôûаŵ˼ɽ磬Ҫλ˰
:Ҳ㿴
һֻĺšɽʲôʱλ˵ôʲôýŵġ
װģ101֣һο͵ܳȥı֡
޻˵ȷʵ˵ġ
ᶯ˶㿪һֱŵ֡ˣ嫾ùˡ
㵱ȻûйԹģ׷ȥ
èҵĴϲű֪

롣롣
һЦľҪֱקȥ
㡣㱧ɵģ̾˿Ҳ̫ˣѾڴһˣԵ
ϸŵͬʱָĳ££ԹĶʱ˶٣û˵
Ұ㣬ܰ㡣
㱧ֱֽ˽ԽԽϡ
ܸо˵ʱϡ
֪Ҳ㡣ܰܰġ
嫿ķŴԺ󣬲Žġ
ģǵġ
ǿϻûȫȥĺΣ־Լ̫ļˡ
ЩεһȻûʲôá
īػˡ
ͬʱȴͻȻͣҲͬؿǡ
֮ĳĬһȿ˿ڣЦӡ
֮УҲա
治Լǰôܸ㴦ôġڲøųôӣǸ¶
嫻ǽĻ˵ˣΪûĻһ֪Ŀ̨׸ݵ˽ŵ¡
ţ֮Сԭǣ֮Ը֮ԸǶĻֽŵǸɽġ
ǲء嫵ĻԼ⻹дָֻǵڤˡһ£˵ԾûУ˵
ħ絹ǲõġ
Ϊʲôħ粻õģ仰ܡ
ħ綼ָҪ¶İἸپͺ˰ɡ
嫱ʾͬ
ðɡ
ͻȻһ䡣
嫾Թ緹ô
ĬĴ˴ȴһһѾ
㣬Ҳó緹ھ߰ɡ
ֵУֻһ仰Щ²͸˼
ҵ嫾Ȼ˵ĻǾ߰ɡ
ɽ
¿Ϥĺɽ̲סʵ
ǣһСռ䡣ֻдܽȥ
ץµ֣һۡ
߰ɡ
߰ɣǵĴΣҲһ˰ɡ
ٴοǸ㣬µĻǺݺݵʹһ¡ֻþȫץ֣Լѵʶ
嫵ɫҲͬĲÿۼֻ֪ĸоܲһ
ұ
ӡʱΪɽԭ򣬻еʱ֮ң̫Ҳ̫Ĵۡԣܴ÷һˡ
һ߸ǽţһǰȥ

šʲôҪǰæľ˵
Ȼ
¶С
ôĴۡأӡҪ㸶ʲôأ
Ҳ̸ü
㣿
ʲôҲáͷЦȻֻعͷȥΪеĴҵѾˡ
ԸԶһ
Ǿͺá
嫾èΪһͺãҪʼˡ
Ҫʵܼ򵥣Ҳȫò˶೤ʱ䡣
ֻ֮ǰʶɽӦùλˣȻˡ
ֻʣˡ
֮Ϊ
תߵԣ˫ֵ
ɣǽȥɣȥͺˡ
ʶ
ţ
ҲΪȣô򵥡
ˣ
ȻҪ򵥵Ķˡ
Цҡҡͷ
ûУʣµҪȥˡ˵˿ܵ÷Щ
˵˵ͷ󣬽ֽ㡣
á
˵ǾΥɽ磬˵Ǵ˵еɽ硣
˵žνĹɡ
ɽʱ̫࣬
ĴŲ̫ӵиΡ
۾

ɽ磬Ҫλˡ

ԭ, һԵ˲䴫ȫȫѪҺŲһһȵ, ֹסͲһ¡
ӭ۾, ɽ硣
عŬһƬݵ
Ҳӭɾ, ػλ
ֹصɾһվĸ۾ľ, һѹסԼ, ˵ίȴϣľϲ
ǰᱧһ£Ҳֱס
Ҿ֪, ۾Ҿ֪һٻġ
Ĭһ, ĺ󱳡
ǵȵ̫ˡ
Ļ̲ס˵
ֻҪ۾öá
ѹзɬ, ŵ
ΣҲίˣ۸ˡģҲˡ
Ҳѹֲס˲ۿæҵƿ, Ǹոշˣͷһ
ڤ
嫱˵ͷ
ٴ̧ͷ, ɫѻָ糣һºһʵ
۾λǣ
ߣ֣̲סṴǵ
ɽۺ󡣡
û˿ԥĹ
ɽھӭۺ󡣡
¡ͦ˸ּ, ôĪЩ߳ܵĸоء
ɾˡ
ע⵽˼ü
أ
ڻָĿһۺֵӦúܿˣɽѾȫˣҡҲԴԴϵṩǻָ
·ûǱƵģͷӦ
ţͷɾȥ֪ͨһɽھ׼ɡ˵꿴˿̤ĵ۹΢
ǡɽ磬Ҫλˡ
һǳЦӦǡֻת֮ĲƺǲԾĿЩ
ȱʧ˽ǧ꣬Ҫ˰㿴һۣ̾Ц嫾ʼˡ
ǰȫͬģȴֻͬɽ硣ʥۣ;ͨ
Ȼǰ֮ĽʤΪ
ĺڴ
¿ŴʱƬ̵ʧ񣬵ӦͻȻʵ
ӡýô
ʧЦȻǵš
Ȼð
ôһֱû㡭
»׷һ䣬ΪֲĻҸоЦݲ̧ͷ
Ͼͺˣٵȵȡ
ȴ΢Уɫ͸ЩΣյ
ʱǲǣ
㽫ü΢΢һǴ󷽷ĳˡ
ǡ
µͫãͻȻɫµĵ
壬㽫׼ӡˣ
ĺķϣǡ
̾һ
Ȼʲôè
¾赭дһ仰ȫȼǣҲǡȼȫͬˡ
ǿسʱ塣֪ؼҲлˣᱻعΪȱʧģӴԺѵǶζԿħ硣֪˵ж˺ôǲ̵ͬıشһС㡭
ĽʧصĻ
èôǶûİ
ͻȻǾ䡮еĴۣҵѾˡ
ӡʱıôûԺֵô
èνʲô廹塣οڵҿǱİҺϲҲúܺáԺҵ̾ˡ̵ģҵһС
㵲ǰĵš
ңΣǱΪȱʧΡ
嫾֮ĶԻأԿڵ۹ǽϴͷβδΪԴǽɽ翪ʼ͡Ѿˡ
һԣתȥ
ôô᲻ءֻ̫˰ԣζȥȡһ¡
Ȼ
èûõġɽ磬ûҵȥġڵɽȫһˡ
¿ٴο첽ǰ㣬мҧгݵ
㡣
èûϵġģνֽƺ૵Щǧ֮ǰͱˣҡҲûûǵʸˡ
Ļһ˲侲ЩίĻǱƵۣ۵ãŵ

ķɣ˽ֱۺ庢Ƶĵ
ֻǲèȥùѡ߰ɣȥĵ۹
嫿ôͽ´ҿĻüѹʻ˻ȥϾʲôսˡ
ȻҲ֪Լģգ۾
嫾ɡΥ˵ĵ۹
ͬʱֺ̤ĳǧĹһ̾Ҳ龰ġ
յɽ۾ܹǿ̹ıѣ׼Լɽ硣
Լ˼ȴǧ꣬ΪܹվڰڤǧδΪȫ޺֮ǵô
ʱŪԼڹȥΪʲô
½ߣĵ۹Ȥʵڲ󡣲ԳһֱŵĵطĻǺϸ˽˽ġ
Ҵŵͬʱ̲סħʱ±Ҫ˰ɡ
ðɣβʧȤǶЩζ
ΪѣżҲ⵱һġ
㣬ƺԽɽΪƽûǰ㼤ءҿǶĳ˺þءµעЦЦֵǣ˰
ĬĬ˿һ˸ľ۾Ķ
:ôѰɡ


ɽ磬Ҫλ

ػضȹ޾µɽ, ôôƽءһ߸ϵĵֻǾô࣬ʲôϰˡο, , ֲһ, ǰɣè
˵껰ʱ, ϵͱ˵Цˡ
, ˭˭Цſ۵ġ
¸Ŀ⿴ǸİּϤĵᴹӾ
ڡô࡯㣬Ͳٻʲôôõ̬, Ȼ, ˡ
嫵ͷЦȻǸӡ
˸ոʰøԵ, ڴ֮ͣ¡ʹ
۾ɽھڴ˹۾
üô졣
Ǿͣɾɡ
˵Ǹ֮ǰĵ֮, ţֻǼ򵥵һ, ȴ͸޾ϡһЦģ÷·صǧ֮ǰ
ֻǣ¸̼ع
ͷĵ۾ƺɢİԵ, ǲͶƽ¶ƽȴѹʮġ
ټĵ۹֮ڣûйôɾͬڣҲûΪĸо
ɽССɾǧˡЩ඼Ǵλ۾ġΣǧĳţڻع֮۵ü۾ɸܡ
ӭ۾ɽ硣
ֱͨļ
´Ȼÿһ˶ߡ
λɾɽ类ӡǧ꣬ʵʧְͽҴˡ񣬱һ굱֮֮ħҰĲͼٴȾָ磬ɽ绤նħ岻ݴǡ
ϣȾġһһ仰óϷ̲סء
һʣǡôĸԸ׳Ƴ
ɾԸ
նħ岻ݴǡҵ׷۾
ҵ׷۾
ÿһλɾǷԷθ֮ź
ǧ֮ǰɽ类Ĵֲȫûκηɽûиǿħ
һ˾ɵġʱճħ֮Ԩˣ֮£ȻԹȫ
ɽλɾεɽְ֮˵ĵɽ֮¡Ҫ˵ʧְǲǳ׵ʧְɡ
ħĶûвһ˿һӦħʱҲȫ֮ߡ
·֮ʱɽΣ֮ʡ㵱ϣʥûһӭսһʱʹɽ磬ɽԺܺõı档
ԣʹ۾ʧʹɽʧ٣Ҳǣħǧꡣ
۾
˲ɢȥΪ֮һ۾ʾ¿ڵ
λְɾѾɽת佫ҲѾԵ׼Ӧħˡɽ磬һ˵ҡҡͷɽ磬ʤ
˵ͷ
ĺܺãԺЩͺãǰһ»㱨
۾ҡٴһΪ۾ǣȻҵġǵħһ£ȷʵ̫ŵɽ˽ѣ۵۾ǧꡣ
ۣ۵ҡ˵֮£Ϊɽ۾Ҳ⣬дɡ
᲻ţ֪˵Լ˵
ֹֻĿڡȷʵдģܴĴԱΪɽ͵ķϣһᡣ
һȫµģǿʢɽɡ
ãصӦһǣ۾
˵ֹ֮㿴üͷʱŵǡ
һĬ
ҼһָɽˣûϢ
һʱûϢõϢ
˶٣Ƶֵ
׻ħ磬֪١ȵɽλиӦĻ
׻һôʻʱ̲סһ£ģҲĻһ¡
Ǹ緢꣬񡭡ͷ
Ӧðɡ
¼״̾˿ǰɾѾ߳ѵһˣֻҪȲȥɡ׻ȳģʥҲ۵ġڣµҪ
Ŀһ£
ȥɣɽһλһоͳĻˡǵʱ䲻ˡ
ӦǺæȥΣٷͬĴˡΪΣΪԼҲΪˡ
ǼеıӰӦúѹɣǧʱš
嫸һۡ
ţôǸܸˡ
ţܲ㵭Ӧһ
ͬĵ˵ͷ̲סǵ
ħôڶûκж
ԿЦèôǵħ硣
Щֻ֣һħôһʺı顣
ŶŲʺ
:Һ񲢲ҪͣΪ񲢲ҿģװġ
Ȼ
㣬
ħɽ磬лдķӡֱӴɽ硣

ɽ磬Ҫλˡ

ϵɫͬ, üͷ˲һ
¡ðɣͬһ, ֻʵ̲סüͬʱ˵Ӷôôôء
̧ۿ, ﲻԾЩá
ϸĸ, ȷʵ
˵ʱϵβ޶仰Щǡ
~Ǿͺáǧ԰ǹĽ
Цһ, 
ԸҲ, һΣ
ĬãٴδĻУЦŽ⡣
Ǻ, ȷʵˡ, ڴİ㣬ʧ֮, ָأ
üβЦŻͬһ䡣
ôԺΣǽһΣ

ǳõĳĬȻᵭͬߵ
лġ
㲻ÿɷüûнӻ
б¾ͽһ, ߣ
޿κһֻ˸˴
, ô㱾ء
嫴˴ȴᶨ
ǣ䡣
Ǻǣá
Ц˵һ֮û˶
µһȷ첻ٴԺ
, ᲻һŲɽ治һô
ʧЦ
ᣬһšӦħ͸Ӧ˰ɡɽ⴦СռΪӡһһĽ⿪Ѿȶˡ
±ЦĪ
ûа취Ϊô
嫴ЦĲԼش⡣
ţضĻ׼Ȼ޴ġ
ֹסЦ󣬴յ߰Ե
嫣ǰɴûй嫾ġ㿴̵ɫĵĵ
Ҳġ
嫶˶㿿Ĺ㣬
ħ֮Ԩǧ꣬ƺôˡ
ζĿ˵ͷ
ţƺѵȻû¶
˶ֻ˸
ɸħȻȴԲֻصġɴ˵µ̨ϣЦЦڤ֮ءûκξ⣬Ҳȥġ
ƮƮɨһۡ
Ϊûκξô
Цε
嫾֪ģҲǸ˼
ҾǾ޷˵վߡһ۵ı飬¸嫶Ŀܸܺɿġ
һΪѵˡ
ô죬ϾѾèˡ
Ȼˡ
嫸ɴٿΪʲôĴ˵ء
嫵ļǸոպԵİο
Ҳǵһ˵˰ɣӦҲǡһʼûӦ˵ʲôʱ˵¡
ȷʵǵһ˵ˣȴǵһΡ
ĺܿģҲĺϣ嫾ܸҲġЦõллˡ
ллˡ仰嫻һЦ䣬ǺÿҲЦЦ˲ιȥԼʧ̬
㣬ǺİɡǸΪɽħʱִţԴ̬ȣõŵ£ִһУȴȻһС
ģҲͬĹݹҰ
ֻǾƣΪӪƸۣעһ
侲ĬĬĲһС
ǣȴַˡ
硣

ʦ֡
վںɽĺߣһŵĳϸţһС
һǧˣվǣûǰ׵ȡ
׼ĵӣȵһʱҲǼݺᡣ
Ӧ˰ɣҲӦɽ˰ɡ
Ǹʦһɽ¶ƺ׮˲õĵءҲͬĴյӸǰǵһСһĽ
һʢ
۹⣬ø
ӣ׹Ҳ
Ϊҵɽ͹䶯ˣ˭롭
һĶûȼ֮öλ׽ġ
ڤ֮أڶͬʱԭأɪɪǳܲסʲôƵġ
һŻѹֵĸоһȥ󿴵λ˾Ȼվڵ룬üһȥʱ̸ȷ˼֡漴˵ͷȥĲ
ˣǡɽ磿
˵ˣһֶۣ䵭һ
ʱһΪѡ
ϢǿʢЩǰס
ɵ
޷סǵļ޵ġ
ǡӦǣԥƬֵ̺ħַˣɽڤ
עԼķִ硣λ۴һĻֶڤ֮شӲκηֻҪάֺڤֻؼɡһнض롣
ǣƺٿ仰ûģȷʵǳڤģֻ֪ʲôʱʼڤٳˣ˵ûֹ
ɻʱͻȻע⵽۴ʱ͸
ˣҡ
סҵĻȥɡ
䣬ֻÿܣȫ֪ô¶
ʲô
Ϊʲôģ
ǲ֪ɽˡ
ѵɽǰʧٹ
ǰ㲻֪˵ɽʧ˿ǧˡ
һֱΪҥ
ɽˣֲϱ˵Ǻþúþǰء
ǰû˵඼ǵ¶ôܿܰ
˵ʲôЩħ֮Եġ
Ҿǡ
Ͼɶͨ˵̫ңԶɽڷ˵Ҳ̫߸ϡο˶̶̼ʮû̫Ŀհȥɸȫɵ¶
ԶɽĹλһܼҲ˷ܣͲ֪˷ܵĵĶ
ħ磬̻ûüŸǰӡƾճŸĴϡ
ħ
̹
˰֣ɫκоˣ
ǡӦһֵòá
áüһۺ˵׼塣
ʲô
ɽʽλ֮ǰʲôҲˡ
ˣ
벻㾹ȻµľġɽһʱҪʲô֪ôʧΡ
ǧǰͷôһһ٣Ҳ𽥼
񣬲ǽŷȥѡ
лҪ˵Ƿһ죬Ҳɥһ졣ȫû֣Լ̫ʧˡ
Ѫعˡ
Ҫдȥġ
ղأղأղذ
ҪҪղذ

ɽ磬Ҫλˡ

ȷʵ, ǧ֮ǰͿʼˡ
ǧ֮ǰ
ΣɽʬɽѪ, ء
㾪ʱ, ƺ˼۾
γƽ¿, ߳޹һ򶨵˿̾ŵɫü
ô¶
۾, ħһ˧, ̴ħħ֮Ԩò˶þͽɽˡ
˿ûüǳ˵˵ѾǿԼ侲, ϸڵ״
Ѿʥ, Լһ佫ǰȥӦսˡǣħб, ɽ޻֮ȥɽѱ
һ۲㣬ֵң۾״̬Ҹոһֱͼʶ޻Ӧ
Ļ⽥, ׹ߡͬɽ繲ģҲӼᶨ
ȷʵ̫, ħͬ۾áɲħҲͬɽ罻áοһ֮ʣ̵ĸΡ
Ļ, ٴ˿۾ͬʱֲͣüġ
˵ˣҪô˵ˣȥճصйСסô˵֡
ħô¶ִŴǰȥħճô
·þȫ³Ͳŵһ
أ
δħӰ
һ͡
ԣûгôǣң
һˡңˡ
Ȼ̧ͷ
۾
ȴҹȥ
ѹֲסŭֳ̧˼źڷľصˤ˵ϡ
ڷȻɢ԰׵ĺѪɫĪһ˿졣ĶǸµľͻȻ״ЦЦ
Ǹָķָȥġ
ǣĵĸ簡
ѪӿһѪ촽ɲǱ졣
״ɫ䡣
۾δǿгֹ
ڣ˵ʲôɲɵôЦһȴҹȥ
۾
԰ֽɫһע⵽㲻ͬѰ̬ʱü
ǱܹˣֱӽӪɫ˲ͳ
ô¶
ֹҪشʵ
мʤ㣿
Ƕ֮䲻ʵת˼Ȧ̾˿
ƴ˵Ļһɰɡֿһۡ״̬ûһʤġ
֪ģ㣬ûܵס졣
ħ̸֮
㴹ޱĽʵ
׻أ
Ҳ̲סЩŭ⡣
ǰء
Ƥ΢˶
죿
ţǶأ̫嶯
£㻹Ǻܷĵġ׻ȸȷʵ̫׳嶯ˡ
ţ컹û
ûС
˶٣ϵ۾һ
ʥܵסħ೤ʱ䣿
üͷĸˣһ۾
Ƕһۣش
һ㣬̸ǼֵܲǺġһ㡭ƴ
һ㣬ƴ
㻹ֲһ䡣
аաȫô
ûСܴħǰȫ˵ģ¾ֻ죬ȫʢʱڵ˰ɡԶҲҪ㣬δ⡣
һۡһȡʱģҲᡭð׻ߵġ
ԣô죿
㲻֪ǵڼˣܾãҪһ
ǣסħĴͺãʣµĽҡ

㣬ڵܽӵ켸У
ܣ
㻹һɵȻķʵҲʵûʲôĸߵˡ
ɽ籾Ͳħοɽ絮񣬴δսЩ佫ƽʱͼı£Ӧħ羫Ĵ̧ۿֵ
ôֻƽɽѡ
һۣͬʱ̾
۾
û˵ʲôͻȻ׻ǹħĻ
ħܵģء
㿴һ󣬲ǿ߳⡣
ħ֮ԨĶ棬ħһͷĴϷմ
ԣ̤ɽӡ
ӿͷһѪֽɫһƵ
ˡɽ磬Ҳ˵͸кηôֱֱĶڰյ죬΢
Ҫ߱ˡ
Ҳͬſڵ㣬΢С
ߣͬ⣬ɽɾͬôɨһΪĻɧɽˡ
οҲҪɽ磬ֻҪɽʧѡ
챾ľЦ⣬ͻȻֱᡣ
㣬˵˸ȥħô˵ҪԶճйô
˵ŵͬʱһֻ
ڣֳŵˡ
ݡǣǰһֱΪΨһĸ簡
ȴʱյ߶˼䡣һͻȻЩվסҶۼֿطס
㿴ӵˣ۾һգʹĵ
죬㵱ôôǰܵڤ֮ضȫˡҪɽôٴ۾ʱĿı
ҵʲôˣˡҡԸĵİһѹίǺպƹɽĵ۾΢ٴ
ɽֺ
ڴǰħ֮Ԩš
㣬ҸĳŵӲʧЧɽüֵȻڣȻѡ񡣡
ɽ硭ĴڣҶԾǴع򡭡
磬޲ôû˵꣬㺬Щ̤Ҳͬһһֻ֣Ǿ磬ɱҰɡ
˵꣬ƾȥ
۾ɰ
۾
üһ㣬δֺ
ܹħ֮Ԩء
Ȼδһ룬ֲ֧סȥ
۾
㡣
׻붯ȴ첻λ
㿴ǰЦ֪һġ
ƶˣһֹ岻һ
죬Ҳ㶯ɽһ˵ġɽ磬Ҳܻʧġ
ȻҪʲô˰ɡ
ͫ׼ס־һĳ
ǣ׼ôʱ䣬ôء
سʶжء
ħ֮Ԩħǰߣ˲ء죬֮ǱжĿԼʶĺ֮ɽ磬Լ׼ɽھ
󻹲ü˾䡣
粻Ǻ޲ôϾҪԸˡ
ԣҺ޲ĿŭһҲüֻܣ˶ɱˡ
Ͼܹĺ⡣
ɽʧⷽؼ䣬þûص˪һ䡣
졣


Ҫġ

ǧ֮, ɽ硣
㵱ڤȲʱ, ʧɣ嫾һԺǵĴ۵
ţջضŵĿ, תһ, ЦûС
嫾ȵĲͷʡ
ûʧ
ûȡ㻹ǿЦ, 㻹ǲ˽
ôܵ, ôӲɱô
ȻᣬҲȻᡣô˵Ȼ뵽ˣͲȥʲôùˡ
²Ŀ
֪ĵ, ʲôԺġ
ҲЦü
ǵġͻȻյ嫸ǰ, Ϊζĵ嫾ٸһλ, ֤ȷʵǼʹҸ췴ĿɳˣҲϿɵĺֵܡ
ţ
һġ˻ȥƵĵ
£ǻϳɽոչλлȶʱֱӹ
, һͼ֮
嫶㿴һתͷȥĪЩѹֵ
ڱصõһ, ǧꡣǲٵ˰ɡ
Ȼһ۳տ£ֵͷ
㣬Աʶ, ׼塣ʱ䣬ֵأ
ʧЦ
һʼȡǧʱȷûʲôյġҲܺùʱͰɽ˰ɡ
ڡɴһϷ̨ˡ
嫾֪ΪʲôôΪʲôλô
嫻Ǵδ⡣
ΪǸԵô
ԭɡһֱ֡è嫾ͽ͡
һ±ƵǰͬĿ嫵ʲôոյô
š
һĲȷ
Ϊعô
Ц⽥Ũüƣͨ߶֪ôڤľأ
ü̬ʧЦ
㶮
ĨĨǼ⣬ȵ
ҲǺŶġ
ԣ㡭
嫻û˵꣬͸е͵һ̿㣬ŷɽ𶯵˲ѳ˵š
۾
ٿʱȫ޸ղЦɢ֮⡣
˾ְڿʼһҪСĵĽ䱸
ǡ
¿ıӰ૵
ɽ磬Ĺλô
嫵˵ͷ󣬲ŷ¸ûڿ
š
ʱһͨɽĵص
硣Դ·ѹֲסʲôѸٷ͡
ǡջû˵ڣֲȷһ䡰ǰɣ
һΪҲǴŲ
ǡ
ɽλˣ
ɽλˡ
ɽλˡ
״Ĳͣظš
ɽλˡ
֪˶侲ĶˣͻȻһ̾
׻ȸ֪ܲܿһĻ
𲻶ĿռһӴλ¡Ȼ󽥽ΪһĿӲʵģ
վһ꣬Ǹ
硣˶٣Ҳ̾˿״εĵ
ǡһῴġ
š
˻ߵģǵȷƴסħĴǲܶ
ѧ㱬ʶǻûǸжͿ׻ȥ졣
Ǳˣ׻ҲĶְοԵĿɲһˡ
󷴵˰׻ȸΪĻᡣΪ׻߲ǸħŰΧȦˡ
䣬ϡ֮ڷѰһ۵Ľš
ţһġ֪ɽһλġ
ڵȵһˡ
㻹վɽ۹֮⣬ĿĶ治֪Щʲô
࣬ʼղͷܽҲѹİɡ
ϾõҲõѡ
嫿ŵķҡҡͷע⵽ץŵµ֣̲ס̾˿
ĿתĿڵ
嫾˰
΢ȡ
ţ
㻹ͷҲûصĴ
ȺϢأҡͷ̾ô˼
Ҳ֪ûͷô֪ԼҡͷġڣȻǺƢ˴
ǣ˼ǲܡ۾Ī֡
ΪѣԭһΰɡΪɽոչλˡ
һɽ۾˭Լô
㻰䣬ͿĴҴҵĸ˹
۾һа׵
㿴һ˵ͷ󣬾ƿĿˡû˵վͬһ⿴š
ڣսذڵͳЩ
Ȼһը쳹ء
ɽ簲һ˲֮ͻȻ;˷ܵĻ
ӭʥعɽ硣
ӭʥعɽ硣
ϲ۾ɽԲ
㿴Ż߽ģγԱȵĶˡοͬʱּʹţɬš
Ĺ̸Բ
Լʲôʸ񡭡ˡʲô̬ףǻعء
ף֣ȱʧ˵Բ
۾
䵥ϥأ΢ۿ
Ҿ֪֪˲ǰǡ
֪ǻġ
ǧġΣЩڣԼͿˣɵˣڲԡ
ǧ껹Σܹ鲻ùˡ
֪ɽд棬ͲѰ
ǳЦشţ۾ˡ
Цһ̸ࣿϣʱѾɥʧ˸Щˡ
ǡ
ңˡҰʲôӸԡ
Ļ˵ļˡֵʱ˲ͱɫֽһ仰̾˿
۾ʱиõİ취ôοΪɽʥԵΪɽֻǡ
ͻȻ뵥ϥ¹򣬲α㼰ʱֹˡ
Ե۾ֵǡһӲٴκۿ
׻ȾѪսۣȸıǧûһ̲ǰ߻ص
˱ۣɫǸ˼
磬ˣ˵áһᱨˡ
ǿѹԼĵʹ࣬Ǵ۹ٺԺŵ
һ壬ߵһѾĺܺˡˣӲһοЦ
˵ʲôԣй涨˭˭ô
Σǻˡ
Ȼǵ˼ΪҲͬʹͬľһУֻȷһС
ҪҪ´ɽ佫ǣٶǿСڲ˴ʱҪѩɽ֮ܣȳ׻
صĵ˵ͷҪӦʱͻȻԭء
˵ʲô
ҲһĲš
׻
㿴Ƕ˵ıü
׻ħ磬С಻֪ô
ûü˵ģֳȥ
ʲôǣȸأ
˵ҲǶĻһʹҡҡͷûȸϢ
Ҳħץ仰ǻϣʵġ
Σ׻ţȸҲħĻ˵

а

ɽλʱϢ, ԸСο, ص֪ġ
ֻ龰, ͦϵġ
常, ɽȷʵعˡīȫ֮ͬǰĹ˳ƴӣΪǿƿīЦǳ˯ǧɽ, Լһʧĵ۾θħ翹ء
īЩѹסĻ, 㾹Ȼɽĵ۾λɴûи͸¶
, è
ʲôܣڴϵīͻȻ˫, һš
ڵ۾ǺεȵҪ˵سʱĻˡ
ûҪ˵ϾͻᱻĻԡ, Ѿʲôˡ
ī׿īŵı飬ֹϵ֣ص
常ǺߵģӮð׻ȸֵ֧ô
֪ô¶Ȼī˵棬īܴƳЩı
Ϊ, ɽع飬ʥȴֻ, Ϊħˡ
Ϊħãʲô˼īҲΪħô
īһʱûסѿڶ
ӡ
ī仰Ƭ̣ʧЦ
īʲôʸ񣿡
Ϊʲôħ, ûħĻһܻôô
ĸױʱĸ׼ʱұһϢʱĸʱ򻹵īʱ򡣡
Ķأ˾ˣ
īȫ𾪵ĿŽĮīס
ҷѾǧֳˣӡ˵ģľҸа
īͻȻּЩ
ƾʲô
οаħΪʲôаıǩ磬ɴûйƶаֵ֮ġ˵īϵδηֺĵ
ҿЩ꣬ӣ˼ȥ˽ˡĶˣҲĶġ
īʲôճȭ˫ֲͣزš
ƾʲôһܶƶƾʲôſڴƻƵĲֺڰǷǡ
ī̱һʱȴһֱ𾪣Щʹĵĵ
īף㡭һֱô
īͻȻԳЦЦ
ԣһֱġһֱֻҪܹõԼҪģôǿԵġ
Ĳ૵
ȥдõĻȥдôƾʲôҶɻˣҴδ
δ
īױ˱ۡ
Ψһ˺ˣҲΨһĵĶҺùˡȷʵǸ˰ɡ
ңֶʲôأ
īü̾
ͼ壬ȡ֮˵Щʲô
ī׶Ŷõī˺һֱīĹ˹ǡ
壿ʾ˾ôȡ֮ûֶʲôôӹɽһ硣ΪȻֵ
οڣҲΪɽǰ;ʥһΪΪʲôڶֻﶼУ
˾ˣҲ˺ġī׿īЦҲ˺㣬͸ϲΣ
īȻعͷﾹȻЩ̿֡
īףң
īһνа
Ϊʲôҡ˵ˡ

īƤɨŭŵī󣬶ȤζЦݱɢŻ˵
ȥ˵оī岻ʣѾۡԣһ
ǡ
īҪλĶáǣ̫Сīˡ
īס
˾˺αضŭ˵Ĳʵο˵㲻ôī׽īһζ
īؿһۺͻȻı۾
㲻䣬Ҿ˾ˡ
īһͣȻаЦ
õģī
ʱɽ磬ڵ۹̸ˡ
³ͣĹһӵ
ҪҪȥһ⣿
˼һ£δ˵Ĳϲèȥ硣
Ȼġ
ۺ󣬲֪ۺΪͻȻҪȥ磿
ԴĽԺ󣬵ۺǹߡ
㵹Ŀģ£ȴĺ졣
ǸΪǰͨӦ֪ǵͨߵɡ
Ȼ
¿һۺɫ
֮ǰԤ֪б䣬ҿܻ漰ħ硣ԣڳħ绹δ֣ȽȶҲԾ󻼡
ۺ˵ħܲ壿ü¶ҲԵۺƺִšħھȻô
й˼ɣȴƺ⡣ڵǧ̫˳˳ˮˣ֮¶ҸԤ
ǰԤĻôͻȻĿڵļ˷׷ײĿ
ԴʼһδԡҪҲʵڲַ֪ħУ˵Щʲô
Դȫһ顣һֱŬķſԼԼȥ̫ࡣ
Ҫǣ仰Ҳûܹ
üһۣû仰תֿЦè͸Сһ˰ɣСҲ˳㿴ˡ
˵ͻȻֿ
ˣҪһȥôҲԼĺˡ
΢һ¡
Ҿͣˡɽһ𲼷ɡ
ͷ
ţǻȥصġ
ʱ磬ɽĴҴҵĸոϵī޹ڡ
ī׹عɵңæվ
īײμ
ɽһֻƼһˣɫˡ
ô¶Ϊʲô۲ˣ
ī׵ͷ
Ҳ̫常ͻ״ī붼޲ߣֻȥ߶ˡ
ɽһۣ
޷ȿ˵ŻͬʱŲһδͣ˿ߵſڷԥ
ңġ֪ǡ
ԼôǶû˽ȥź򡣡
ī׻һĹ
常Լ棬˵Ǵ棬¶Ằҵġ
Ҳǣʲôʱˣɽҡҡͷ֮˽ȥ崲ϾŵӰ̼
ô¶ôŪˣ
īȴͬеĿ
ɽīס
ɽһϵķţο
ãҲȰ㿴嵽ôˣ
ɽīħ年᣿īһʱ֮䣬ȻЩ˵ڡ˱۾Ŀڵīȡ֮µԤ̫ˣҲ̫ˡ㣬Ӧ֪İɡ
оԼɽӣּæ˵
ɽ㲻ùңȡ
ɽȴķס򣬳
𶯡ī侲
֪˵Ҷ֪ˡȸ㿴㾿ô¶òãһ˵Ҳ١
īԼڵ֪һģͲɽ
ī֪˵֪ɽΪʲôɽҪǵһ
īԼ亹ͣðοԲܱɽ̽塣
ɽŲ֪ôֻ࣬īΡ
īֹ͸оɽ̽--ڡ
ǷӡīµģɽŵüͻȻҪһƬˡ
ô¶㣿
ۼ㣬ӡ
ɽҪ
ɽȴûīĻǿȴСĳ忪˷ӡû˵ֻǵͷīһۣͿĲԾ
ɫЩķ죬øŷۿˮתɽĺݺݲһµͬʱ
㡭
īЩʹࡣ
ɽ˵Ҫġ
īףڷӡʲôôԼԭķӡҲ⿪ˣʱԼҪƲסˡ
лʣһ˿ǣƴɽšīʱ״ɽҲô¶ˡ
ֻǾ÷ŭķŭīôܶ԰¡ٸܵīһֱƿ֣ԾľԶЩ
ǣովҪīķΧʱֱһק˻ȥ
侲һЩ
ΪʲôҪ⿪أ֪֪ж㡣
һ仰ɽҲȫ侲ˡ
ΪҽԼĸīû˵ͻȻƺһɽæ

ûд󰭺󣬲ⰲ
ʲôСԼĸӡīӦֻҪһ͵Ŀ˰ɡ
ô
㵽ж¶Ұ
īɽĻίĹ˹δйŴ
ɽ㡣
ɽԼһըˡ
㡣
ܱըķ˰ɡ
㣬롣
ǳɷĩˡ
ɽ㡭Ҫҡ
ǾͣƴջɡҪ㡣

а

, ¸ͬʱü
ʲôȥī롣ô¶
˿λʥеϴ, , ǹСĵ˵о, īȥġ
Ȼ߰, ǹȥȥˡ
ͨ, 桭ʥˡλԼʱ˿ڡСĸλ·ɣǡ
û˵꣬ͱ°˰ִˡ
, ʶ·ԼȥС˵˵, 
ôˣۺʲôô
, īƺ̫ԡµ˵ͷ
Ȼ
Ǿβһ壿
ҡҡͷ:ǣûôء
ȻЩΪѵĻһˡ
ɻ:ۺ㡭
촽³һ
ˣԺܱܲҵۺ, ¾ͺá
˵ˣɽʱ¾, ǿһƺʱЦ⣬ĪľЩ˵ڡ
Ҳǲ̫⡣
ǡ
Ͼ磬Ҳɡ
µĲԸ, ֻЭ
ðɣ¡ǵۡҲֱӻͺˡ
ĿǰͷȾȥīɡ
ʱī׸մīסصԼ޹֮ڣǺЦ֮󣬾´æ
ͨ˻ˣ˵Ҫһͻ˹ˡ
īɫ˫ֲĿ۽ķ֣
һ
սսص
ǣһλǺ˲õĴ
īü
Ŷϴλ
æ:ǡ
㣬ǻ˭ָ÷ֺī׵Ը
ţȻ˹Ļ취һС
ֻĻû˵꣬һ˼
ͨ˴һλֱо޹ȥˡ
īԶʱüͷֺЦһǰȥ
èèҸôźã
о
ī޹֮⣬ľβľսšȻ˵Ļ£ˣûôĵӡ
ȴٳûлӦͲסҪֱӶֵʱ
ţͻȻ򿪡ոոϵī׿һĻʱΪںаǺЦĿ

źʱǰ˼ͬĵ
ɽһʱֶʱץסſ
衭ô¶
͸˿һ۸ߵī׺󣬲ɫջĿµ
ôͻȻˣɽոչλ
ɽ˵Żͬʱɨһ۸վһˣʱס˿ڡ
΢һ£ŵ
λˡȫ¶ϡλʲôҪ¶ô
ûʲô¶Ļʥ֮һôػ磿
:ûʲôҪ¶˵ˡٲħ˶ѡ
ҡҡͷЩԲʺ˵ʺô˾ȵע˵
ʱڵ:ôһ翴ġպ˵оʣǾͲˡ֪
»û˵ͱɽڣ˲ī׵ˣֱӹŵǵ:
ﱻӡҲ֪ʲôֽţ֮һ⿪ӡ֮״̬Ͳ̫ԣѾڵȶˡʱʩ˷˯˹ȥ
ӡҲüͷɽһ۵īβһ峤оȻӡ
˵еԽԽԡ
壬ԽԽϢˡ
ɽǲҶ粵һ䣬ҺּʱΧ
ǻȿо˵ɡ
±˵߿˵󣬱ȥʾɽһ
˸͵:īף
ɽ˵ͷ
֮С
ΣɽŸ۾æҲ˲ʲôˡ
Ŀɽһۺ󣬲ų
ӡһܾ֮ǰʹˣҡܿԼµġ԰ɣ
ţӦǡǰԼе-ӡ˰ɡɽӦļѣϾڴ£ʵڲ˵
αҽ⿪֮ɽδϸ˵ֻص⡣
ڶӡķӡӦҲЩŹ֮ġȻᱬ
ɫЩص̾˿
ţڷӡǺưǲѴ֮ܵõˡ
仰¶ˣɽһΣҲ̾:о壿
ûа취ڻָͬʱӰ졣Ͼ֮ǰԼµķӡַŴˡ
¸ɽ̾üо⣬˵ɲʲôϢ
Ȼûѻ˵ꡣ
ǣʵɡ¶ҪҲѡ
˽ɫһ
˵ͿɽĬĬˣĿҲɽĶʱɽ
ɣǧ˵ɽ
չĳĬһ»̲סһ
ջֵ:ʵҪ£ҸóӡѹƵ˾Сʱԡ
¿ԼüЩãȻӵ:ǸҵǿԣĶⷽ治óġ
ҲǸ˼
ֻԼʵ:۾ûиʲôֵĵҩ
²Ծľ֮ǰǱιµĲĵҩʱһ
:ңû
˵ԷӡĵҩóЩôɽ۾һöҩɱʩǿ̫ˡ
¶ʱӦķɿ:С
֮ǰգʵ̫ˣ˵ţ߲ͣŵҩ
ϴССһƿӣɽʵЩԡ
ԡ
ָһɫСƿæ:ڵ֪ɽӡʱƳġ
΢΢ס
ԣҪӡֻ½-ѹȥˣȲаתҲƲסˡ
ɽֹĬ취
áô 
ǣ粻ΪµĽͽʼķƱá                        
лҪ˵ϣֻˡ
ллң
ղأղأղذлΪͶƱӪҺСʹŶ~
л[ӪҺ]Сʹ
һ~~ɫ 20ƿ
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ

а

׻, ȸ峤ī룬ī, ƺҲĬⱩǰ

īһ, ǴɳƵȻһɽ
, ڡɽʱӦ:ô
ɽʱīͻȻֱܿͬ
Լ֮ǰ, ׶ʲô
Լ󵨵Ϊ, ɽᶨľܾԽ˵ͬʱ־ú¡
ֻģҲ֪ô͸ӵĳ˳
ʱƫ˵ͻȻﻹ, ʱָֻ, ֮æ
£ôˣɽ硭Σ
һ仰ʵĻƶ
л¡Դ𵽡
Ϊ, ħڻûʲô
¿īֿڵ:Ҵ˴λ磬Ϊ֮ǰԤ֮¡
µĻīӿʼǿת
֮ǰԤ֮£ô
īʱɽ֮ǰ˵ī׵¶
, ѾˡɽԾŤͷһߵ΢΢:, ī׵ֶЩҵϣƺǺֲϣ޿ֵӡ
ī˵ŻͬʱҲһ۸ոɽķɫ̸ӵˡ
, λ
ǣˡ
һֱΪģһܱɽΪ˵ġ
£Ҳֻһλˡ
ˡīҪ´ֹ
޷
һֱڴˣûʲôϵ
аֹһͻȻֵ
Ǹīף治Ǹ򵥵ﰡ
īԿɽߵֳĬһһһ
ţԣλħ
ħǵһ˵ħƺ
λħħ̡ɽʱ͵
Ĳ豭΢һ£һ˿Ц:ҵǻûü˵̾Ȼħˡ
īδעС̲סɻ:ô֪īײأѵ
ЦЦЩĪ⡣
ô֪ģо֪İ
ǻ˾仰:ϾͻԸˡ
䣬ʹ档
׻ȸ峤˵о岻ʣصǰ̽
ڼԱ˴˶һۣͬʱ΢ɼüȻ
ɽǿѹŻ峤ʲô˼οī¶صģôϢȥģ
𰸣Զ
¿ɽȲҲӦĴ㣬:Ƚ뵽ɣҸ¹ȥ
ǡ
ɽվŹŵţһıΪźվīˡ
Ǵ˺ɽȭ˻īǰ
Ҳվ
֮ǰĿûдﵽֻܻһַˡϾλûи̫ʱ䡣˵꿴м˼еϵߣͻȻʶ֮ǰĿġǸеĻ촽ֵ
˵ħæŶɽ綯֣Ȼ֦
䣬ڤ˲εħ֮ңǿ϶ɽվһģʣµ硣תͷ⿴˿
ôõľ֣Ҫʼˡ
ǳʺһӦǲòϡ
ƵĹҲѡˡ
ȷʵֶεˣʥ尡ϢľŪһ롣
ī۾̾˿:£һˣīƿ֮ˣȻҲô׾С
:
аɣϢҲںһ
֮ڣɽһţ¿֮ǰǸ׻峤վڵ˵ʲô
ɽʧ٣ûĽǧ꣬˵ɽλˣȴʧΪһ
ʲôû˵ڳӦöסһ仰Ҳӡ֤һ㡣
ǷҲÿһ·ˡ
׻峤仰˵ֱףͲû˵ӦͶħˡ
ڽűգͷһѡĬ
ֻЩɻǣī׵ôʥ嶼صأ
Ȼȸ׻ͬΪʥ峤ͬʱɽԡ
ȻЩīԭ򣬿ǣҪ֪ʥΪսȨǾ磬ġ
뵽˴Ȼ̧ͷɢ΢Цͬīס
Ϊʲôȸ׻أ
Ϊʥ֮䵽ħº֮⣬ֻѱħʲôֽš
Ҳ׻ȸֻѡΪһߡ
ֲãīг񣬹ֲã׵ľ£ôඥ
磬ħ뻢ıƤɽһֱ˰ϵĻ:ɽ¶Ǿ
׻峤ޱĽӵ:ԣħǿ޿ġοɽ񡭡
ϣԡɽɨˣΪĴĻ
һ£Ҳɨī:ҲС
һ仰ڵոӵķ
ϱû㽫ֵôҲûŸɽ˺վīߡ
ȻǾħǸõѡ񣬿ǡδɽī֮䡣
ī׸ûһɷĻᣬοһ֮˻ơ
ʱһֱվһԵȸ峤Ҳ:ϷҲðǡ
ɽЦһȸ峤ʵ:͹峤Ǿðһ仰أ
ۣ֮Ͳ˰ɡԽͱ:ο紦㾳ء
Űϵһ͹ŵЦīͲ԰׵ɫֽһ㣬һ½ǣƾҪվһԵۼֿİסҡҡͷ
ɽע⵽Ķһ£ζðͷеʲô
뵽ɽͻȻһģЦһɵ
˵˵ȥλ峤ǾñʧΪô
ī׼״ɽ΢۾͹ŸϽԹֵ
ˡ
ɽûǿķǵĻ˵ˣ磬Ͱһаɡ
ͷһԴӽԺһֱĬ
Ϊɽʥٲ֮¡˴ΣҪۡһ⣬ΪͨߣȻϵ硣
֮ǰɽ˵ɽҲףο¶ĻҲ̫ʧˡ
ֻʶĻͷһۣΪЩ飬ϾĻ
ͶħҲãǼ׷ɽҲգҶһΪܹðɡ
ȷʵ鲻ԽΪʧɽ˵겻һƬľһ۽üͷīЦЦֹЩҪȰ˺ֵ:λ峤˼Ҳ⡣
ֻǣľ棬ҪĻ¡ɽЦЦĿīס»ԽԽð
ī΢ݣǡʲô˼
ͨߣʱһ̹ͨ;ˡ
˫ֲԾľͽһ£ȴɫڶī׾ȵǡ
ī׿Ц֮ҲһЦݣȻɽ:⻰
ɽһƵӵ:ʹٲԣҲԼ˽ϲλˡ
ī׼ûϸ⵭˵ĻֻЩĥ͸뷨ǳˣ
ھѡϣǹʸ˵ġ
жʱˣԭء
ΪѡϽ֮ʱ:ϣҸī̸̸ɺã
ɽЩµľٶǵͷӦá
ϣ͹Ŷ뿴īף˵ͷ󣬲õһԡ
ī˵˵ʲôϾܸദĻᣬʵڲࡣ
˵ԴǴ֮󡭡ǾҲû˵ദĻᡣ
ֻǣµ̬ȣȴû뵽ĺá
Ϊʹһںģʹڱǰܹͬɫ糣£ٶк޵ġ
Ȼ̫˽ˡ
ͬƫֱ֮ӿżɽ:īҪ֮λô
ǡ
ôʹĳͻȻЦˣҪеЩ
ȻҲҪллī֮ǰ̵·ˡ
»ֱ˵뾡¶ħ粻֪ʲôʱͻᶯ֣޺֮ǣҲ޺֮ǡ
ȸ׻ĴӦף԰ϣ˵Ӷѡ¿һֱЦݵīֵ:ֺγء
īɫķʵ:Ȼأ
¶۾˵һ񹢹ڻĻ
㵱跨ȡҵѪҪһϣһɡ
īԣϲ˴ӽԺһֱЦݡ
ȴûƵĽ˵
ǽħӲĻҲǲԣ㻹Ҫһ˳Ҫһԭģݣ
¼ʱҪѿڶһ仰ʱīѿ
˳ֶεġ
Ҫģҿɽ㡣
仰˵ʮ㡣
㣬ɽ磿īײľͳĶ֮䣬
ԡīĴˣȴֱ׵Ļ
ɽ磬Ǹħõѡ񡣡
īײΪʲôôƶףΪʲôĸԸء
ħҿо֮ģƾʲôҪҵĶˣѡһġīʵڲ㡰ɽأ
ԼʵڣһѪ
Ȼڱصһ֣Ϊ㣬Ҳ䡣
īף˵Ụġ
ǳЦɣѲǳ                        
лҪ˵лΪͶƱӪҺСʹŶ~
л[ӪҺ]Сʹ
һ~~ɫ 6ƿ
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ

а

ī׸¸ջص, ͼæӦµݸһĵֽɽ˼䡣
īԴӽԺһֱڵ, ΢ĿɽǼ֮š
ϸ͹ſһƵ, ̲סҪѯ, īȴֱӻֵ:ǵ£зִ硣
ɫʱЩѿ
ǣ
īҲɫޱ:λǶҲô
͹غһ, Ͳŵ:ҡ
ϵ˼ûп, ܵõʥ׻ıѪѾ׻ǿˡ
Ȼܹħ֮, ºܰȻĵĻ, Ǿ͸ӵٺòˡ
ҲΪǶףȥºͺ͵ǫǫ, ԲǱô򵥺ദġ
īײüµ:ǾͰҵľͺˡ
ںô¶
ôСĽˣڵĴͷ󣬾͡ˡ
, ϸ͹ʲҲʣϾǰļȵһҪǿˡ
۲Ĳ, ĿͻȻ˫ۣ޲ɨһȦ˺󣬲ɴ˵㲻ͷ
ȵָɽ̸Ѱ:ħ綯, ڹƿ쵽ħ֮Ԩˡ
˫ֲԾĽһ£ʵ:ʲôʱյϢأ
ΪʲôûյԪأܡˣʱܹ˲ϰɡ
۾ɽɡȫ֪ӣ΢Щɻ˵:մԪֻħϢ
µ˵ͷѹԼڵ˼:ô죬ǵþϻɽˡ
ͷֿʵ:磿
ѾˣپԲħˡûн̫֪࣬ô˵ī׵ġ
ʱҲϲһеġ
ֱӻȥɣ֮ǰ͸˵˻ɽģȥģû뵽ħ졣
ߵͷתȥֻǻûסʵ
ô򵥣
¿Ц:ô򵥣¶ֻܿ쵶ն飬ֻסǣʣµģԼɡ
ûٶʲôһͻȻ̾:ɽħҪĹƽһսˡ
һɻ:Ҳǰ˼һǧ꣬ǿǱӡһǧ갡
:
ͻȻЦ:Ŷǿء
:֮ǰµʶǴ
ħȶ֮У¸һ·ϵļȴҲԴæ
ֻǣصɽԺ
ʲô
𾪵Ȼºεŭ
ˡ
»û˵תߣ嫼ʱǰ
ȥȥô
»ǵһǰʧ̬ѹסĸ
ûãҲһˡ˵΢һºͻȻŵһ˴ħ硣
ǸҲԼ͸뵽ģȻɽѾλôð׻ħء
ԼΪʲôҪȽ¶ԼΪʲôûߣһȥա
ֺŭյ̲סţʶķס˵۹ϣ૵
ǹģӦȥʱ˶Բԣ
ָĿʯķ϶ָѾȫ˰ɫ
ĵң͸֪ġ
ĸ첲޷ɵļס
֪˻һȥ𣿡
Ͳһȥ㡭ȻĴֺֽճȭ:㲻ңҲɽɡ
嫶˲ɫü
£˽ģ϶㹻İղŻġ
ͷĲ

䷴ʣʵڲ֪˵ʲôˡ
ǡ
£Ƕĵġ
ģµġħϤο㻹ɽڵǿġ
Ȱο£ԼûпסҲ
ѾڳǿˣΪʲôҪԼȥħ磬ʱٱħ֮Ԩ˵˴Ȼͣס̧ͷͬһȻ嫡
죬ѡʱ䣬Ҳ̫ɺˡ
嫸۾һۺֱתͬڵڵ߱ߵ:űӭħڲħ֮Ԩ
᲻᲻ڣ»ԭûж򶨵ʱЩ
ҲͣסΡ
ᡣ
ְͷȥֻͬȥȴкһѡ
ڵĻô죿
嫿˹źת̾˿ԭһˣô
ᡣ˵󣬿ŻǳĬ£ǿظһ顣
Ĳᡣ
ϴǼٵģ
֪ģ嫾µЩίĿǻ߻ԣ֣ص
ġ
˺һ̧ͷɫ糣Ц:ţ嫾
˵Ҫġ
Զġ
ֻ۽ǵۣ̲סĵ̾һ
߰ɣһȥ
¸嫲ų˵۹ʱѾȫָһӡ
ֻһڣ֪ڵβˡ
¿ͻȻͣɻ:ǲȥħ֮Ԩô
嫿ЩΣƽǺεܵһ˰
ħ֮Ԩ˰㣬˵᲻ðֻǵĲء
û˵Ц
ǣǾȡ
š
ĬĬվһ嫿Կʼȴǿ̵µ:£֮ǰĻֻΪȰο˵ġ
ֵ
Ǹʵģ㲻̫ġ
֮⣬ԲҶ˵嫲źۼͷֵ:Ϊ㣬Ҳƽġ
šͻȻЦЦ:֪
۹֮ǰʯ̨һ·̾͡
΢޴ʩֻ˵½ǣԼĴڡ
ɫķ˫ḧʱ΢һ˲ͻȻְȥ
ԶļɫӰʥ
û
תͷ£ֻֽ촽΢
ûڣ߰ɣȥ
ħ磬ԨңңԶ֡
̺Ͼħ֮ǰܸħ֮Ԩ»Ĳ׽ζЦ⡣
⣬ͷȫֻܽҧֹԼҪ塣
㣬㣬ǻһҲҪµһء
Ҫüء
ڻĻҾջظոյĻ
ҲϳǰĻнҲ˵
һҪȥô
Ҿȥòá
ۺ󣬿ߵȫ״̬ת˴ʡ
첻ڣȻ̲ô
΢ë˵һ䡣
ͻȻãȻĽӵ:ţ
ǰһ£ЦЦ:£ҲǸ˼ǹңҲǸϢҲ˵
嫷ûиղôˣĳʲô£̲ǸոǸ̬ȡ
ֻǲ֪Ժ֪Ϊʧǵģǻ˻ǻѹأ
嫸ٽʱͻȻ:˵ô
˵ܿͻнˣҲ
嫿һһֱͣش½ǵ֣壬Լŵĵ
̫࣬
Ļûļ˵ڣͻȻһɧңſڵֱ˴ʡ


а

ΡȻһĿ߽, 嫼״üһร, 
è
˲ɵЦƣ, ½ɫԾľͻ
΢㿪Ҫ, ʵ
׻أ
һŬЦŵ:ȥˡ
², ٿ, ڲסڻ˰׻
ô
ϵЦ⽥תɿЦתºͷļϵ:Ԥĺöˡ

֪Ҫʲô, ڴĻ
è, ֪Ķҵİ׻ô
ͻȻһֲԤ:ţ
ճй
սԼ֣Ȼ֪ôڽһ, ˵ҡ
ճйԲö˵˾ѣһ壬Ҳܵˡ
ܽҵ׻, һ˺ܶɡ
ο, ʹûȸ
ͬʱߵġ
³Ĭһ㿿ĴţΪ˯, Ӷ˵ʱͻȻо΢˶»¸ɬɤӣ̽ԵĿڵ

ǻصħ֮ԨġֱЩ֣ЩЦ:ڣҲҵƨɺ׷һء
Ҫһȥ׻
˵ͷ
š
ǶһʣͲ쳣ƵϢ
ǽ촽һߵĺ⣬΢ͷ󣬱Ҳ
²ɵþüȴɫ糣Цߵߣŵİ׻:ˣ
׻ؿû˵վЦš
ڵļһĬţ¾һֱؿڵʲôѹЩ
㡣
׻ͻȻ˿ڣɳƵͳȫ￴Ǹ緢ˬꡣ
ţڡ
㡣
ڡ
Ӧ֮󣬱ڴס˰׻ŵ֡
ɽλˣˣҲˡ
׻ͻȻ۾ˮֱӾͻɢŵͷ
ã
ҲˣҲˣСסڰ׻˵š
ֻҧأĵθۡ
ôأʲôʵʲôȨס
ΣҲЩġ
һݹᾣȫʧİ׻
һϢȸ
׻ԣЦһ:ǰˡ
ʱӵĿɬ׻ؼֻ֣ܸס
ȸ׻ɳƵٴʱ˲ס˺µĵĿһۣƤһº̲ס̾˿
ȸǧ֮ǰԱʶˡ
Ѿʲôϣˣ׻׿ڵȷϣ˻Ǿһı֮𣬺޲ýħĴٸɾ
Ψ嫣һȻ
ѾԼˣһͬʱǴŰ׻ֻһ
׻ۿ԰׵ɫϣۿ
㲻һûгػ֮ǡ
ǻġ
׻ջؿĿ⣬תʶͻȻ䡣
ĻԹˣûá
˰ȸʥ塣
˶٣Ȼһһ䣬˵ĳ⡣
ţᣬѪ
׻岻֪Ķ߬ۡ
ȴԽĵİ׻״̬ħһֱŵıĥľһѹǧĺŭԻѲһ񾭡
׻Ŀ޽
ΪʲôʱûиȸһԱأΪʲôҪһ˲أΪʲô
վֱ
Сס
죬ɽħ磬սǵˡ
սûв˵ģܡ㿴Ű׻һʹ࣬ûн˵ֱ̫ףҴҪ㿴ţֻһУӮ
úöˣúöš
ְֳǿһ䡣
֪
׻ӣĬþ֮ŵ˵ͷ
֮
չɣҳȥһˡ
һҲˣһǧˣȵĹˡ
¸˽ʣͼּһˡ
ʱһ㶣΢ɵĿڵ
˵׻ˣô
俪ڵ:
ֵ:ȸ
ȸزˡֱӴĴ㵱飬ֱӻ˻
ħ֮ԨǱô
һڣʰԼıõ
Ժ̾ûгֹˡ
ˡ㿴΢΢һЦתͷ:Ҳѧѧ˼ңΪǿ
ǧ֮ǰħ֮Ԩ
ȸԡħ֮ԨϷŭǡ
죬ô㣬ΪʲôҪôΪʲôҪ
ѣ
ʵǾȣ˵Ļ
ֺγΪɽ米أɽ֮䣬ѡǡ
ȸԱħ繥ɽʱŭ
Ⱦٱɽģġ
ҴûҶѡһؿڵˣͻȻЦһ
ҲֻǵͬΪıˡ
ޣ㲻䡣
ȸͿ죬ǲײǻĵȥȥҲôʶѣƫƫŭ㡣
ܸᲢۣͲᣬô޳ܣں֡
ں֣
Ȼֳצܸһеȸ˲䱻ǯƵĶá
ֵ̽İ׻պûͷһĻ˲覴ѡ죬ס֡
ȸ
ȸȻһЦǲᡣ
׻磬Ҳڸһ¡
ҾǣԺˣҺѹ
һҪҿɽλǻǻ
һĶôԣһӽ̵ġЦ˦֡ԱԱ
ǰѾԲѵİ׻˵һɵĻ
ɽͨͨԱ˲źãʡҷѾ
ǧ֮ٴվ̡
ħҰ²
̱ħ֮ԨĿȻתħ
ʧˡ
ħҲûץסλɡ
ץסЦ:Ȼû㣬ɻǺʧ䰡
תߵͬʱһ䡣
ɲǵһôһˡ


Ϊа

, ׼ܳ㰡쿴ŶڵɽԼΪ׵һɵ:, ǧ֮ǰô໹ֵ, οûôˡ
ܿϧ, ֻǿѡ
һͬ:ǿϧ㻹ôΪǡΪһжΪĶѡ
ֱŶ̸Цŵ, ʼ, ɨˣûиκεĽӴ
ʧ壬ʶɨ:ԴҲ
ĮĿڴĻ
᲻ô
ɻ:ʲô
Ķôķϻ
䲻͵Ļ, ɫ˲:ð, Ǿ͡ϻˡ
תĶƫͷߵ˵һ:һԶ, Լ
¸ҪͷӦֿһ۲һ
һ㲻Ǹ˵ߡҽ㣬Ȼұ
㶢ŵķЩ:㡭
ҶţҲ, ҶƷûʲôġֿһЩֵ
»һ, һ϶ĻӦ:š
ʱӪصİ׻Ŵ֮ͻȻɱ죬ѵŲӣչ˰⡣
ʵ˵Ҫߵ, ûͬ⡣
ڣһңΪ
׻Цſǰ:ȸ׻Ӧġ
Ҷ㿴š
ȻԸ㣬ôӮġ
òá
㿴¸ߣһ·ȥ֮󣬱̧ͷңңš
û죬Ҳܴ˵˰ɡ
οè㹻ǿ
ɽΣֻҪܴ죬ǱʤѶ֮Ȼ
һЦһ
ô㿴һţȴӵ:һʧ壬ʶԴҲûһսô
۾δ𻰣ֱһ͵ǰ
ڰգĹǲصϬֱӷ·ԾԵʵ׵ѹ㡣
Ŀһֱ֮ǻصһƣɫ˲أһƴֿӡ
쿴ôû˿ϲ⣬˲侯žͿʼ
Ȼһ
þȫһƻڿ޴ĸоͷӿһĨ
㿴һŵʹŵĲţжôԼ¶˵ƵĲ죬ʱ˼֡
һɵЦ:⡣
Цһ:е֮⡱ȻĶ㡰ع򣿡
ѯʣȴѾ϶˴𰸡
˵ͷ֪ҪƣΨ͸Ķɵһ£ҲԼֲ
̫õĻȲ˵սΣĵҲ쳹ġ
ɫһãЦ:ֲôаأƾЩ޸ʱյһģ
˵ű߿ʼ:Բ֪ˡ
ضڳרеѹ֮Ҫסжֱ-ಫ
ЧܺãԪһѳʵʵԪѹѹ
Ǿò̫ˡ뵱ض˵̤뷲䣬һܣħ֮Ԩ췣
ƴȫҲֻжٻѡ
ҲӸտʼæңӦԵĴݡ
һıԴ֪Ҫʲô˰ɡֱֵŵһϴ
ΪһͲ¡
ֱӴĻ:ᡣ
Ŷ~ô֪ᱳ㣿
㲻һңҲһ㡣
أ
ϲͣһۻش
㲻һʹҪҵҪҵһУҲĸԸķϡ
Զһ˲
ҪɽأҲϣ
ԡ
һ䣬Ȼˣһ겻ΰ顣
㽫Դָ˱һ룬Ǽֲס˰ɣ
ͳħ֮ԨϷصŵЦ⡣
ģĻ¶ȴ
ΪԲҪ֪Ϊأζһۣ嫿ͻȻü
졣ų:졣
ıˣ˵Ķ˵ˡרӦͺˡ
ٻ˷ɱĽ񣬼֮˳ħ
¡æ֮е:˵˺ԼУ
ºǵѪݽ֮ʱһıԴȷǲٵġ

è
·û㿪Ĺ
˵㡭
ӭĺȥ:Ƕû·ֻǰҲҪ
㿪ʼļҪתһɽǧְ꣬Լһ飬ͬͬԴһҪ׳Դġ
èɵ
Ц
ҵȻ᷸ɵҿɲԼȫ㣬ѹ꣬꣬ٻèô죿
ͬش:ᡣ
᲻Ҷᡣ
š
ѵɵĻĪЩ᲻ñ۾һУӼֲס:һ
Щ:è
ȻҲ֪֮˵ǵһν-ϵʱ֪ˡ
ҰѱԴ㣬ʱҪӱ
˵û˶ֻһεϡ
ûļֹԴʼ׼˵Щʱˡ
ڣǽǻ
оԴʵͬʱعƿ֮ҲԽӵ졣
üǳ¡ֻû뵽ǾȻܱ˴˷Դεʧˡ
ʹȫ˱ԴΣվٲˣҲټɵֺˡ
кֱš
ȴͻȻŻ˽ֻ࣬һζĶţκεĽӴ
Ĳƣ˱˵ʲô
عΪʲôҪѹ㣬Ϊ磬ֻ硣
һξĮ̧ۿ졣
οұ㶼κβã죬Ҳֻܺˡ
ͻȻĿ·˺ʲôһħųֿţü
ΪɽֻΪħʽ΢ô
ͬΪħΪʲô˲ͬΪħǱѹƵģħûг·ֻжɽˣħԶ֮䡣
쿴һֱ޶Եı飬ȴԽԽص
غʱֹΪƫƫ֮һ֮ͣħ֮һȴ֮
аǣף
ѵɽ磬һô
ز˲
ڵĿ˿:شͲǹƽģֺγûռȻ
ѾԼĲˣԣ巴Ӧԣ˵ڵĻҲڻ˵ġ
ʹħʧĿħû䣬ħδڹ
һΣϢһɫͻȻ
ʲô
ЦţǴǰǸʱһ㡣
ø
ʲô˼
˲侯ɫΪɨһۡ
ħ֮ԨҲ˰ɡ
죬ܡȵֲŵ:ôܡôͨع򣿡
Ľ͵
ҵһ뱾Դ
ͻȻ;ñ:ͻһУһС
״ת˼Ȧַ񹥻㼸֮ͻȻЦЦ:Ҳᣬóѵġ
ѹֵ˺ѸԽԽأ·ɨһۣ૵
ǡ˭ֲء
еȻ̧ͷ
䡣                        
лҪ˵ǡСɰǡ
һš



, ǰһͨũСԺ̾˿
СԺɽԺǰ̲, һСϪӲݵд
ʱмֻΪɰĶֲݵ, Ϫ, ɺг͸ľ˵ɫÿ˲١
Žȥ, ں:, 
š´䣬ϾԺӦһЦ:ôпһˣ
ɽ, Ӧæʱɡ
Ժ, һһϵˣպõɫְ˰
ע⵽֮, ɫ糣ĵ:ãɹɹ̫
֪οڣֻСʵ
۾
µǻش̹Ȼ
ӡ
Դħ֮Ԩǳħ֮ҺһֱԲţΪְԼһ뱾Դ׼ͨعˡ
һʼѹ, ֱҪˣ, Ҳ᲻ˡ
ԣʹ㽨һСԺƽʹȥҸԴĵط, ʱһ
ΪǵļңֻģҲƯļҡ
ҲҲû뵽ǶĻˡ
ֻһʱ԰װӣЩԽܡ
ҶϰˣǣҿӡʾǶ֮ǻĵ:һʼǣһӡ
˵󣬲֪ΪЦ
ܵȣһһǧ꣬βܶҶȵ𡣡
ڣ㲢ûõȡ
ľϲ̲סִ˵ԡ
ˣˣҲܳˡ
ûþˡ
˵Ϊʲô֪
һ§£һĵ
֪˰ô죿
ͻȻе£ѿܱͬ濴£ɵˡ
ģǡ
ѹסЦ⣬һµ:èôǰ
˵ôɡ
û±ŤɫԼѵȨɾռűˡ
ԹԵģҲʱèèĴ
εİ˰֣ļ㿪ǵ:Ĵ棿ȥĶ
Ҫȥħ֮Ԩ
صһ٣Ц
èȻҵè
ȥǡỬµ:ȥ֮ǰиҪ¶Ҫ
°סԼ䶯֣һĵ
㡭岻еġ
èô˵ҲءҧһĶΪͷ:вУè֪
¡
֮ǡ޿κΡĸ֡
ѡ
ºĵ塣
òѹˣһҪôźá
ֻǣ׵ľһ仰
ǣ㡣
롣
²ԾľͿʼ㣬ΪҲ
롣
δ뿪
һսħ֮Ԩһ޾ǰһĽš
ֻһһɫһɫϢȴư硣
ħ֮ԨϢŤĿЩվڲԶӰ
ϤһһףǺ׾˲³˵ݡ
¿ǰΨسĻ޵Ŀһ㡣
ĻΪʲôΨأΪԼߵһͰԼĻ嶼ûˡ
ǰλ³ͻȻиڵĵҲ
뵽˴ͻȻڵ:˵嫾죬ǣ
Ϥ龰㶺ͻȻſ¼Ц
èǾãһ
ʲôܳϵ
ǣҪ׻Լͬھʱ嫾Ŀ־Ҳܵ˰ɡ
ͷ:ô֪أ
ҲаɡǿԼĿЦû˵Ų¿:ǸģҲ˰ɡ
ѹԱһ˵ţͻȻ͵ȥ
٣ܱһЩǹȥĺۼ
Ҳǰʶš
è
²ͷſյı:ţأʲô
룬س֮ʱһɫһɫĻҲһоͶһˡ
˵ţתš
¸תЦЦ:㻹ôҰ
ôĸһˡ
㱾ҪҪ»翴Ͼһֱͨߵݡ
ֻǣ뵽硭
èûü㣬ô˵ī׵ģô̵ʱھͰƽˣèܸɰ
㻺ս˵ȴͻȻ㿪㡣
ȫûע⵽ĶôĻ΢һº֧֧:ͣƽİ
ָǰ˴գˡ
ǴɽһŵһΪ֮ҲȫԻָĸ׵ݡ
˵̸һŷ
ϧǸرġ
ôɽīأ
˵е:ȥʱīѾˣҾ˳ȻҲ˵˵ġ
ü⻰˼黹ī׺һ¡
ôľ˺ܲˡ
ȴͻȻ˵ɫü
ôɽô
ǡһ:ôҲס
ôܻīء
īˣҪΪ㣬ô
¸ûи̸ΪȥĲ˵ˡ
ȥɣˡ
㿴µıӰ:
Ҷûʼء                        
лҪ˵һ飬Ҫˡ
һдһдô֣һСɰۣһεõ
ģллһֱȵСɰֲȥʱΪжġ
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һ, Ҵè
īЦһ
ڶ, ûʸ˵ֻ
ðɣīȷЦˡ
۾һٿһҾͻӡ
±۾͸֮ܵ佣ŵա
̾˿
īʵĿҵѪ
Ĳ¶, , ڴεĶ˵īױôػǰ, ȷʵֵ˵һ仰ġ
㻹ͷҲûصĶīס
ԡ
°ڡ
ôܶҵѪأ
һڻعͷ¡
ԡ
ī:ְ֡
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