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ѧԺְѧ㱨ʱׯڷǳָ˿е⡣
һׯҲ̫˰ɣ
һΪӵԺ϶ͬˮ
ׯڷһƪSCIڿ¡
ҷµлдһ䣬Professor Jin Song will you marry me?誽ڣܼ޸𣿣
ѧˡ
ҽѧԺʦˡôܣ
ҶJin SongǱ誵ʱׯڳҥˡ
ǰ쪵ʦׯǰʲôģ
úڽƵѧׯһſͨԺ߽Ů˵ϹҶˣ𣿡
һ仰飺ϲԸĽڰǡ

Ķָϡ
1.ŮǸУʦֹۡо֢ԱĻ漰һЩ֢ķֶε֪ʶҪǻҽѧ棬ٴϹ֢ľƴʩԲҪձԼǷԼôơԼ⼰ʱȥҽԺ~
2.гֵרҵ֪ʶPubMedй֪򷽵ݿ⣬еۺݾֹ2020ꡣ

һ仰飺ǷᣬҸ 
⣺֢ķֶ

ݱǩ ǿǿ ֮ ҵ羫Ӣ  
ؼ֣ǣ誡ׯ  ǣʱꡢҡ   
==================

 1 

֯ʾֹ2019꣬ȫ3.5˱֢[1]йͳƹ㣬9500˻֢[2]
̨ϵ˵ͣ٣ӽʮѧ
ȫѻȸ
󣬽̨ϵ˸/򿪵PPTͬʱҽܣ誣ѧҸſΣγ̵Ҫ֢ؾ񼲲ķƷ
ŤͷͶӰĻȷʾתͷ˵ʲôԳԡ 
½½
ȥе£Ķ˺ܶࡣ
׼ȷ𣿡
༲вѧͳƻкܶذɣ

ȵѧ˵ʣ誽PPTһҳǹ׼ȷġǹ֪쵼һȫ31ʡУȡ3˽евѧ飬Ҿܿ˻أ2019귢ڷǳӰڿϡ 
۵ְ
調صѧǣڣ֢ǲơر֢ߣԤǿԻָ
Ŀǰ֢о䷢Ҫ棬ֶҪĴࡣ֮ʮÿΣPBLѧģʽЩһһۡ
誽仰۱ʣתͶӰĻĿƶڰиɾһС飬д¡Problem-Based Learning
誽˹PBLľҪĩ˱׼ֽµϿģʽе㵣ġ
ϾPBLѧҪѧǿ⻨ʱѧϰȻһۣѧϰʦҪֱܷѧ˵Ĺ۵ǷȷǷݣѧʦս
ٽ¿ΣռʣһPPTʾÿ۵ص㡰֢ỷغŴء
ǲ׺׼⣬ۡ
¿ΣѧΧ˺ܶ⡣һһ
˻ᣬѧ½ɢȥԣװϴһϵĺɫӴ£߳˽ҡ
ʦĵһÿΣŵʧߡ˽½Ҫϰ˺ܶΣվϽ̨ʱе㷢彩Ӳ̨ʮ˫۾һŶܡ
˻裬Լ¶ӣŽƽ˻ᣬѧҲϣ˳ء
Σ߳һ㺹¿죬˿ظ
һţһ߷ʡղϿεı֡
***
һߣղϿεѧȺӵ뿪ңλŮС̸
ʦӦøǲɡȥʮҮ
ϿΣҵλʦֵһŮ˵
ǰǰҸ˵šøߣıһŮĽȻشϸŮɢԸк
ţʦ첲ȳͶֽУͷ̷ֿ쪣ˡ
Ƥúðְϸ塣ҲƯ÷۱дֵʱҵעָϣȣ޳ϸ
˵λʦѧУʱһͷ֪ʦ᲻һʣ
ܻвͬɣӦûǲˡ˵ĸоǺȻȻ֣ȫӲĸо

***
³ı糹ǡ˪մůʮĽҳһ̤⺮У˸飬һ˲䱻ӭļգ͸
誸æִһ鱱Ķ죬ָ䡣ȵ䣬һ¾㹻ߵ˱
Ŵ󲽣ʵң׼ٴν뿾䣬ֻˡʵڲʱӵ绰ͷƶᣬգͳֻ
ιʦ𣿡绰ͷ˵
ţҡǣղŽӵ绰ʾһ֡
绰ͷ˵⣬ˣҶϵ绰ת˸ıǰ·ߡ
˴ͩҶСϣɳɳ죬ĩʱֿྡĴ
һдšﲿС¥ǰóЯŽˢ¥ָİ칫ҡ
ԭڵĿڶﲿõռһ
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ׯʵĿǰ׼һСҪܶĿʱڲܴһЩҪׯһ⡣ﲿʦ˵
調ѧǶⲨС󳤴󣬸Ͻʵ飬ʱڴˡ
룬ڣҸׯһ¡ 
߳ﲿеΪˡŵ绰ôڡѰ죬ׯˣӴ
һ㶼룡
ҲΪȥ鷳ԺʿԺʿڿĸˣ80ˡһڹޣʵСȻͷϡ
ׯһξ޴Ļ¬ѿΡ޵ݵľȡŵ鶼˸ġ
ȥ꣬ÿÿǴְ㱨һ¾ͻޱȡİԼغܾõõǰԷظ֣ٵġ
ôӣ⣬ɲ㽫Ŭݻ٣ҲѧУĵһ÷ǳκ
ʱʢģȴ׹ѡΪǸԼѹ
ڵǸУ̧ͷʱѾվʵ¥̨ǰ
ôͨ绰Ҫ
***
Ŵͨ绰ٽȥֻֻһ飬úָͮͮӲػֻ׼绰
ͨѶ¼У롰ׯʾûյˡ
ţ
롰мλֵˣǡׯ
΢ﳢһûУ΢Сˡ
һ£ʱһְϵļλͬ´һϵʽ񲻰ׯ
ʱׯڣһְ񾭲ѧϵ˽˸񾭲СֶӡСȺ½ĶȺΨׯ
ԼǵõʱҽȺʱͺĬԶƲׯ
Ȼû˵ԭ򣬵ҲܲµΪĸ˶ԽʦݱƸģֻׯԽڵݱƸá
Ͳְ࣬λȼ̫ˡ
ȻׯǱ˼ҵĺӣǾ˼ҵĺӰɡҺôҺãĺá
ְ㱨󣬴ҾûׯˣȺҲûˡǰ칫ʦʱᵽ˵ǺĹʵҪӣȽ϶ְ࣬úȥˡ
̨ǰⲽů壬ţɵģһ˿ľ
ȥׯϵʽ
ӺͻȻʱְϵͳ񷢹һְĻϢ
Ȼҵˡ
ΪʡǮ㣬ׯ΢ţڶԷܿͨ
ӴǣɤӣִĴָʳָϳ˳ߵǣԼǴò΢Ц
ǿջЦ£ʮмûֹ
˭ˣ
ལ13º󣬱ͨ
ԾֿǣԼȥºòιׯׯ𣿡
ţǡ
绰ͷеƣУеӲ
û飬ŵ绰Ͻ˵ã誣һҪһ¡
ͷǱ˭˵绰ƵģһֱûлͷʾͨС
ô£ѵڲ㣿
ӦŲҪô˵أ
ԶӡЩׯ˵ʱ誾ԼӦҪˡ
誳ԼĻеʱ򣬶ôһ仰
song jin˭
лҪ˵С糡
誣ҿ໰
ߣʦԣԵġ
Ķָϡ
1.Ļ漰һЩ֢ķֶε֪ʶҪǻҽѧ֪ʶٴϹ֢ľƴʩԲҪձԼǷԼôơԼ⼰ʱȥҽԺ~
2.гֵרҵ֪ʶPubMedй֪򷽵ݿ⣬еۺݾֹ2020ꡣԺķչ仯ܱǸĲûԤֻ֪ܾ֤е֪ʶ͹۵ֽ׶δϿɻݵġ
3.ΧŵˣһӵŽɡǡ֢Ĳǽ鲡ҲֻƾͻĲǰǾһֿԼûԳڵѹȹһ֪Ķ¡
4.һС˵ѧģҿĹУҪμһ~
5.ĸ/ҵ˫߲УԸΪⱾ֮ǰԤյʱ򣬶ĻǣӲˡ衣ϣġ˽дڹŬС
6.⣬ոᣬÿ£ʱܸݰǰƳ٣ո

һӵġټ㣬ֻϲר~
İ£
 X 
İһ
Ŀѳ죬ۻʵҡ
ʦ㣺ĸˣʦ㣬ȫУ
ʦ㣺ݰݾͰݰݣһԡ
ʦ֣ʦãҰ߽ѧУ 
ʦ֣ʦãģҰҼҴܸ㡣
İ
ĳȹΨΨŵŵǸ㲻õ棬ʦ־ǿʧģһ£߸һȥܽС
潾šӢ̧ô
̧ͷ
ùȥĻ᣿
С糡
飺ܣСˡ
칫Ͻȵ˽üͷչָߵϥǣֻҰһףڡ
#Ĵеȴλ#
#ʵųĳ˵Ķ#
עˬģŮΪʵұЦճ
²οϡ
1World Health Organization. Depression [EB/OL]. 2019-01-15.
2Huang YQ, Wang Y, Wang H, et al. Prevalence of mental disorders in China: a cross-sectional epidemiological study. Lancet Psychiatry. 2019 Mar;6(3):211-224.

 2 

ŵ绰ֺ㳦촽Ұסһ紵̷ڷҡ߱ǰ鷢סҲûȥͷ
˴룬ʹͷôԼݡ
誾ȥ·ְ㱨ϱǸŮ
˵ô㻹ǵôϵɵĸо
УҲǵˡô˵ֻȡ衣
绰ͷι𣿡 
誻عѿڶһ仰񾭲ѧϵԺʿʦ誡
뵽ԼׯʱӦõݡ
ڹȥǵãǾͲˡ
û˻ǵѿԼ
еѹ÷̧̣ͷת˸̨ұС֡ͺͺżƬĿݻҶӣЩҶӲҪһҡҡӣڶЩϻơ
ͷͣ˽ϳʱ䣬ڼˣڣţʲô£
誸æ˵ԭίŵ绰ͷ̬ȡ
һһʱܻعʵҵĿһ¡Ӱ˫ʵ顣
绰ͷƽ̬ͣҲŵķ
õģллˡòػش𣬲Ҷ˵绰һʵ¥ţůġ䡱
***
ٽ緹ʱ䣬񾭲СֶӡȺһԼĸ˱Ƹ󣬱˲ͬʵҡôʱǿܿʵ¥¾롣
誵ĸ첲໥Ÿ첲ȡů־࣬ĸ˾ƺƵС
æ𣿡̧ͷʡ
æдȻ顣һдһͷ󡣡Ӧ
ңأ
һȻӦĿǰصɡ뽻鲻һˡ
ͷ
誹ǷỨ˸ʧߣֽСʱĿΣںƣؼ뻰⣬һûʼдæűΣûʱ׼顣
˷׷תͷͬؿ誣۰Ī
죺Ҳ֪ô£ôʱȥΣ
ֻڲʿڼ񾭷Ŀ⣬ȻоһǸſθһЩɡ̷
շУûʽѧյҪȥε֪ͨʱѼϼܵĸоΪԱֻӰš
һһĵʳá
ϣİԣĸ飬޽ɡ
Ѿദ࣬ϤˣԸ񶼺ͣദĺ졣
ʲô¿ӣóֻתһϢȺظУͬѧҵġĸǵҪȥμӣ
԰ȥʶһСѧá˵
ˢˢ̧ͷۺ⡣
˸ӣģҿ϶ѧУġʦ/ñܻǵñܡ
һǲȥˡһ˸ѧУСܵܣҪҰʵ飬дҵģǲ˸һ붼ۡ˼Ǻ˵
æͣѽڶʦˣμӵ϶ǸѧѽǿϢǸУʦ꣬ǿǿϰ
һԵ̵һֱû̬䡣
調ֻ£ʱ˵̫æˡ
ۼҪָֹæؿһ֣Ŷˣ˵ǸׯڣܿҪعˣԺӦøһפˡ
˵仰ʹɫʾˡǶǵĻļ֤ˡ
ǲ£æͷӣ˿ŽԶԼ͡
Ȼע⵽ֳһȴķΧ¿ӣ̧ͷǼ£ѾûϵˡԺͬ£һ£ദУÿܻ
ھ˶ݵ侲ˡԺ󻹵þһֱֶԿǼܿµ¡
ţԣׯֻǵͬ£ֲ쵼ûʲôµġԺҲΪڵġͷ
Ҷûʲôֻеڵİ칫ġ˵
̽ӹ磬ȥׯڵİ칫ҡʱҪһϣĿȥ칫ҹ
ôôǰ㣬أȲ
ðɣҪһɳϢҳΪĶǿжİ칫ݲſϣŪø첲Ჱְ֮ۡв
ѧԺֻںԺʿ˰˶칫ңԱۺϰ칫ңһ칫ʮˣÿһƽĹλ
ģӵԼ˽ܿռһӦе
ʦԺ˽ڣ칫мһɳϢɺãҰ뿪Ц˵
̫㡣ɫƽ³仰
˶һ¡
ȡԡ̲⼸֡
ҡͷ誹ЦϾͱɲƴڻĳˡ
һٷ꣬Ҿͻص˸Եİ칫ҡ
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***
ûҵׯĿ˯˻˺ܶ࣬׼ȥһΡ
ʮһ㣬ׯʵңһλƯŮ課ȷǲǿΪ誵ʵҸǲͬһ㣬ƽʱҲûнԴ˿̸İһ
誽ҽܣԷЦ˵ҾׯʵҵĿ£ׯڸ˵ˡׯҪعˣʵҪչʵ飬ҪһЩС󡣡
ռǵʵڱǸҪҪϼһ£誴㿴ԷҪ٣ٰСյŽ
ףɫάŵЦݣǴжͶӦֻСׯ궼ڹ⣬ʵûʲôҪˣʵ鶼ҪϽ
課ׯôģڶԷ˼ȷ
еѰˡ
Ҫǲ㶯﷿ֻׯʵҹҲŲáСŵ㣬Ժʵͷǳ鷳ΪͬСһ׷ǳϸı׼̡
Ƭ̣調ڣʲôʱ򶩹СҾǡ
û취ˣǱ˵ľ͵ûȥ
ׯڴŻһܻǰҪС׼á
ãˣȡ֮ڣǡ
誸Ͻ¥ȥԼʵңʵҵĸѧټʼֹЭ
ʵʵһʱڣС֢ģһð²áⲿСĿǰֻط취
Σ㸺ϽԵС
ͷĿҪ黯ʵģѾСȡġ
֣ܰ£ͣСֳԺзֳǰȿ

ǸղŻ·ϣԺѸİšͬʱԼĿ⣬ҲҪ١
ʱ䣬ڸѧϿεͬʱҪд飬ʵ顣
ÿһӲָ꣬˭ܵӣֻܻƴˡ
***
ʮ㣬°࣬誴źɫů֣ڵݽбţֻ첲ڵݻϣŽŸɽһʵ飬ּӰ࿴ױΣۡ
ڰ˲ͣ£Դ޾ɿǰĵݵװ϶˵Ӱ
֪Ǹ˧ׯԭҪϿεġǵʦ˵Ϊׯڹ¸ϲû취ϿΣʱ˸ʦҾѡϵͳſˡеϧˣׯڵգҿһ꣡
ؼſΰɣѡˣ˵ÿϵһŮʦϣƯ쪵һ̷ŮʦѺܿš
ѡſΰɡ֪˭ϿΣϣׯڡ
ѧģڵۡ
ʼûע⵽Щġ棬վֱս˫ȭ
ģ̷Ůʦ
ۺ˵Ŀɲ誱𣿣
ʱӦůıϷģȴӰൽڣ
ŭˣҪŭˣ
ׯ˦Ĺҵͷϣ
˵ݣûߣóֻͨѶ¼ׯֻűעĳˣׯ˦
Ȼڵ̤ɫ
***
Զڹׯڼţţ߷죬װ̣ټ֭ţΧ˼ˮһЩгʥŮȻõǳɫΧÿʮ˰̡Ӫ⡢ɫ˱ǡ
̶ϲѰСʱǰĺùƷ
극̣ϾƱسɨ
׼ϴʱ򣬷ƽ׹һ쳣Ĺŵƹ⿴£ԭ˸
ˣҪعˣֱӰѹӵͰ
лҪ˵С糡
誣ǣˣˣ
ׯĳˣ˵һûͱ˵ˣ

һ»ѳ̵ġȼᣩ
桤׷޻᳡/α/5꡿
ɧ潾үxڸնӰʦ
µһμȼЦƦɢ𽵹ظȴʩСҪһȥ㡣
޼ҿɹ飬ͷ
ЦƬҶ˵ӣôôСѾͷ

ҪȼߵǸҹȼ磬죬ھͻؼ𣿡
绰ͷǻȼϷʣԣ飬ٻȥ
壺үȥСã
ȼƵᣬǼҪأ

˵绰ԳЦʰʧøɴࡣ
Цʣү˵С
΢ָȼɺ죬ȴ˵ôСèԵͷͻԼˡ

ٺ
ڳҹµ˵Ļȼֲˮ˭˵Զ뿪ҵģ
ͣүŮ˵ĻҲţˮ˳Ŷˣ
˾Ĭ룬ڱɫίίסڶߵĻįһһؼҰɡˡ

С糡
ȼԴСС𣿡
ҡͷ
ȼģ²Сǽе̫ࡣǳһģԺҾͽһһɡ
ֻһܽСȼЦúÿ˵ðԵ
²ȸԾͷ
#ҴǵΨһ#ȼ

 3 

һܣ誹ñҡʵңС͸ʵ飬ϲͣױΡ˵ΣеΡ
ſνֵ̫ͻȻˡʵʿڼоĿⲻ֢μӹ֢ĿſʼӴ
Ȼȥ˴ףҲʼо֢صĿ⣬ͻȻѧϿΣѹܴ
PBLϿģʽѧһѹʵʦѹҪ֪ѧ˵Ĺ۵ݵģʸʱܻش
PBLϿģʽԭ׼ſεȷġ
ԣûׯ
ڵѧ˵ſԭׯϵĵڶ죬誾˸ȥ񴦣òشһ£ȷſԭˡ
߳񴦣ͨʵҵеϣһ󺮷紵·ԣϵļƬݻƵҶ£һƬͷϣޱĳͷҶƵͩҶ޿
***
ֵܶˣſڴϣͷԺֻۣ̹ʱ䣬ߵ㣬˯ץͷһ
ȸæȥ󿧷ȣȻʼϴͣ꿧ȣ˸ױѹһºȦš
ݵһ㣬һţһߵͷĶǮU̡ԡֻԿףһƷˮͰݻ
ôණͳʵġˮͰԶľǱŸԲεˮͰ
ϲҲţ˵˼۸֮󣬾ĬĬ֡
¥ȽůͣͻȻܵһʶ̧ͷֻһӰι
ŻмԶӦþǸղŲ˴ġе죬û룬ǰš
˽ңѰ˼һ£ʼŲΣǰҵѧҪô֮󣬸һŪսҵαڳһΣҿľͲǰ˵ĺˡڽۡ
˵ʼϿΣʱ½ѧȵ誸ѧӣ˵Ĳ˾ͿʼϿΡ
ܲõĹ֢ỷغŴ⣬Ҷ׼˰ɣһĻػᵼ֢վڿΧ˵
ͥỷʡѧԵ˵
誵ͷţ⼸棬ͬѧܲһЩ˵΢𣿡
ͥҪѹֵļͥΧ˳䡣ͥʵӰԸγɡ粻˲ļͥܵԸƧӦԲȡһѧ䡣
˵ľԭͥӰˡΪԭͥỷӰܸ󡣡ѧ˵
ԣִ˵ѹ̫ˡҵסáϡ˼ʽȵȣѹԴ
һЩѧ˲䣬ЩѧԼΧ˾
һţû廰
˻ᣬͻȻһ⣬ʱǻᷢͬǾʧҵ߷ֵȴˣ˻Ỽ֢е˲Ỽ֢ȥԸأûиεԭ򣿡
Ǳһͣ׷תͷ誡
ת̨һֻ۱ʣдһʡrumination
ڸղ⣬ĿǰиҪۣrumination˼άۻۻǰȥʳص׽ţȶܳ
˵˼άۻָھʧҵȸ¼󣬻Էظ˼򡣡
誽Щͣ
ʱѾ鵽ϣַԣЩ˻¼з˼确Ϊʲô·ϡΪʲôùҡʧʱ˼ά󣬲԰Σ׷չ֢
誳˻ᣬţ˼άۻĲȫǸӰ졣ۻ˼άʵǿҷʶ֡ȷ÷ۻ˼άѰ취Ȼҵͻ븺̶
һ˵ͨ£˼άۻػӳرǽҾ۽עڸϣԼڸ˼С
Ŀǰٴϣѷۻ˼άΪ֢ٴ׸ 
˵꣬ѧʣʦǹ˼άۻûӦѧ˵˵ֻǸ֢һ
ѾϵһЩԵоĿǰо˼άۻصҪڲǰҶͺ۴ȼס½ᵽ֢Ĺϵ˵ָָ꣬ͷǰк󲿵λã˵λá
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ĿǰоΪ֪ΪƷCBTԸ󡣺潲ƴʩʱǻϸۡ誳ŵػء
۵ĹУЩѧѾõݿһЩףǰ׷΢ȺУٲס
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ݳ̶أ֢ΪȡжȺضȡ⻹ԷΪ֢Ҳ˫ϰ֢Ӧ֢֢ǵ֢֢֢֢ȡһѧ䡣
ۼ۷Ҫƫ誼ʱ˻PBLγ̵һȱ㣬۵ĶΪᷢɢϵͳƫȶ⡣調ǵˣһֱڰѿֳ۽㡣
һ֢Ŵء
誵Ļ£شȻ׼Ҫȷ֢ҲһŴԼϵԽ׽ѪԵϵԽУԽߣŮԻʸԡ
Ů֢ĻԵ課䡣
˵оʾ֢ŴΪ35%

꣬ó¼ʣнҷԵ¼ΪôγɸϵͳʶûͬѧԸæ۵ص֣
мѧ֣誰¼ʸǡ
´οε۷ÿνѧһᡣ
ʰ궫ߵűߣͻȻðһƬס
ʦ֪ԣڳ˽ң㲻ù˼ԼˡƬ͸㡣֮ǰڿϳƬλ΢еֺŮƬ˵
Ц˵Ͽε״˶ٴƬ
ⲻˣʳץ˼ʹæô
ЦҶģֱ̧ƬԼԣһе£ˡ´ομ
ѧҪƬۼֿذƬ誵ˮͰתˡ
εЦЦȷʵҪһղŵ˵ʱ䣬ȥƻٵӽŲŴ󲽣ٸ·
***
⣬Ŵ磬Ҫ˾ߵơţź磬ǰ֯˺һÿһƿ谭ʵܲ
ŵ㵽˻᳡ſڣ˶챻ɵˡɼצ״ͷ
ߵŴѹŰ֣èСţ˭֪Ͼɵŷܴġ֨֨֨
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ֻٵһӡ
ʱͷӲͷƤȥҲ͹ȥˡ
ǰ᳡룬ڽͻȻͣˣʶ̧ͷ˵۾Ǳͣ˶Կ롣
誴㵵ĵɴ۾Ϳˡ
ǣԩ·խ
ȵȣղ˫۾ʲô˼šŵüͷ
Ƕûʱıӣ
ǶԴ˵һԹ
ݵļǶŵƣڳλϵİťΪ˲˵᳡˶Զתͷڵλá
ׯٴΪȺĽ㣬Щ쵼ͬºѧ
ŵȻҪȥٸӡ˻ׯûá
лҪ˵С糡1
ߣ볪һ䣬ֻΪȺж࿴һۡ
誣롣
С糡2
ߣΪʲôܰ˶ˣС
誣
ׯ
ߣȫ䡣
²οס
1Christian Otte, et al,Major depressive disorder, Nature reviews. 2016 Sep 15;2:16065.
2J Paul Hamilton, et al, Depressive Rumination, the Default-Mode Network, and the Dark Matter of Clinical Neuroscience, Biological Psychiatry. 2015 Aug 15;78(4):224-30. 
3Huang YQ, Wang Y, Wang H, et al. Prevalence of mental disorders in China: a cross-sectional epidemiological study. Lancet Psychiatry. 2019 Mar;6(3):211-224.

 4 

л㱨ǹһλ֪ѧߣǰʱһܺ䶯ҵ󽱣ϵ롣
λѧׯĲʿʦׯǰˣϵ˻ˡ
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ղׯӢĽѧߵоҪ㱨⡣ʱŶ룬˸ղһĻ
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ΪѧߵĻشͿԹԹˡ
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˫۾һᣣƽ޲ǳٵʱӣ²һֱ޲Ȼ޺ۼһ
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誣һôô۰
ߣŸտʼԺҪսء
ׯʲôսҪҰæ
誣

 5 

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ׯʵȺʱȰ˵ׯڣȵʱɣ᲻ż
ϣҪˡׯظ
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λѧǳȣΪ֮ǰμӹѧ㱨ܶ˶PPT뿪PPTͲ㱨Ƶġ
ׯʦPPTǸڿģƶûPPTׯҲˮĽⳡ㱨
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λѧѪڡ˶˼ѪƵġҲҪź
ů㣬˻ᣬеȣׯףһߵαϣӣ¶ʵֱۡ
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ηŤͷ߷һѹ˵֣֡
߰ڰͷ㿴ʦһء
η̧ͷ濴һۣĽˡʱͷۡΪʵΨԣηϵԺԼʵҵĵλǳ͡
ģֵ塣󲿷ʱԵĶСʹֵҲǼӷǵʦһ仰Żɡ
ηЩӵĿԼʦоǿԶ̫ңɼ
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ʵҵо飬һǹԵ磬ҪMRIԵͼķ˺Ͷжڶ񾭻·棬ҪڶûѧŴŴ߸Ƴֶо֢񾭻·ĸı䣻ǷӲ棬ĿǰмδпܷչҩĹؼӡ
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ʦæϵĻʲôʱпգ֮󣬾͹̶ʱ俪ᡣׯ˵
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ֱҵѧԺȥһ갴ʱҵı40%ЩʵҼȫûһܰʱҵ
ѧԺЩʵױҵЩʵǳǶ̽ĺˡׯʵǸճģǿŵӣûǰǲοׯڵ·
ղׯѡ⣬ǰ;һ񱻵ˡоںڰ˺ܾãͻȻһյƣ㣬Գߣһ¾Ͱ
Ħȭƣ໥һ£뿪ʵ¥
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ǩ֣ׯ˵ǿʵҵЩԼͺĲ𣬲öһ㱨ش豸߹صԼԺʱһ
ׯĲͷ
ׯϱʸǣ˵һ㽨飬йԼʹãѡʵ黨˰˵ǮûҪԼĲĶýڡ˱ʹõģûƷģٿǽڡ
ã֪ˡ˵
Щׯףֱϣ¥׼ذ칫ҡ
***
˵ݣתȣԶи˴ͷ۾·һǳһţ޾ɵӡ
ǰ׵ʱϳӦ誣ʦ
ԣ̧ͷˮ顣
ׯһ£üɻˣ
ʱȷʵһ޹ӣ۾ͮ죬ʪģˮͷһյƣƹк£ϣյ˰׵ķ⡣
ׯø誴ͷ΢һׯС
Ҵĳ࣬δʩͨ͸Ƥ崿ָɾһ˫۾֪ǲΪ޹ġҲ֪޵жǰ޵ͷʪˣмƻϡ͵ĵƹӳ£Ưº͡
һĻׯǳ
̧ͷһ˲䣬ûӦã󣬵ۣŵƹ⿴ǰɫת䡣ʱһӱ÷ǳĮ࣬۵ľ衣
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˵ʵ˯һֱãʧߡ鷱æʧ߸ˡỹûȥдȻ顣ϲܼȿȣҪʧߵԾȥжױϴ˰
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˭֪
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עȽѣѾʼģˡׯҲģͲжϡ豸絽ʹá
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лл
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ׯܿڿȺظ£ѧʵƻ
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֣ܰҡͷʦʱ֮еġʵҶˡ
ѼǶǸְʦ϶Ҫץʱ䡣رʦѧԺʦһ׺ϸĿ˱׼ʱ䲻꣬Ҫ̭ׯڣõְ
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ׯ
лҪ˵С糡
ׯˣ
誣ſˡ
ߣɹ

 6 

ֵܶ誻ȥѧϿΡȻѾϹˣѹǺܴ󡣹Ȼǰһʧˡֽȹججһ죬Ҫǣñֳӵӡ
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2Eleni Pitsillou et al. The cellular and molecular basis of major depressive disorder: towards a unified model for understanding clinical depression.Mol Biol Rep. 2020 Jan;47(1):753-770.

 7 

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 9 

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 10 

ֵܶ磬ÿΣȽǰ漸ÿεصܽһ£Ȼʼڿε۷
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2Christian Otte, et al,Major depressive disorder, Nature reviews. 2016 Sep 15;2:16065.

 11 

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룬ʱڷӦˣڵ绰ͷ˻𣬡ԲۣС誣ǲ˵˺һһôȻ˽ؼƷһô㡣
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ʱ껹ǲţᵽʲô㿴ңҪǵһۣ㲻ǵõġǸѻ˧˸ǲǹϵǳ
Ҹղ¿˿ƬԱһ£Ѹ˧һЩ課شղ⡣롰ׯֳ˽Ȧ
ǹĳЩ׷ĳ谮Լһʱռ䡣һֱ߷ֵúܿ
ߣƭҡ˵Ǹ˵ƬҿҪԼжϡ
ĵŮΪ˵ֵʮۡ
誹ҶƵѽׯԭͼ˹ȥҪǲȥʱܾܲòݣͷп
Ů˭ס
ܿ죬ʱַƵͨ쳹ġЦ
Ҳڵʱ䣬ˣղôжϰʱЦô
ͷֿٽѾϵָ͡
ţҴ˸ϴϴ۾ۡ
˻ᣬʱ˵ˣҲ㵥ŮˣҪȥˡ˯˯ŸҴ绰ҿһû˯
ҪͨӰడʡ
ʱһʹļףӣ϶ŵǿŶѧʿͽʦԴúʵ⡣ҵ𰸡
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誹Ƶ裬ڴ˯
֪ǲΪľˣȻܿ˯ˡ
һĴң細գһ³
лҪ˵С糡
ߣ󣬻⣿
誣.JPG
ߣȿȣҾǵķǣǲǵøİͬ

 12 

죬յˡϴ󡱼Ĺĺüҩࡣǰ챻˺ˮˣһЩǳǳİ̺ۣÿϴܰɥ
˵ĵطҲ˵ĲλֻԼ֪һԼƤĹҪܸߡ
ϣЩҩܵһЩ̺۰ɣȻ͵ҽֶˡ
ʵ飬ڰ칫д顣ۼҪύֹʱˣΣøϽдꡣȻڻҵȨûС
ͷסͼӷ˿ʵеʳùƶˣûȥԷð칫ҳһЩСʳ˵㡣
ϰ˵㣬ӳճǼơð칫ֻʣһˣΡ
۱飬ƻдһᡣҪǲһ¶ƤϹƶû˯ùֻЩ
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Сϵ嵥ׯ
誳һ룬ܿ˵ʶҪǷĵĻҿ˳ȥ
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ׯߵùֻд˼ְֻ֣һߣۣ΢ͷ
ƺĳǷ㣬ϸϸֱ˯
ϲ˯
лҪ˵С糡
ߣǲԼıˣ
誣ȻûСܱɫԻ󣿣

 13 

ׯѧ죬Ϊ֮һһ絽˰칫ң׼Ĳϣ׼¥ȥҡ
֮ǰԺʿٰصʱԺʿİѧУǸͻҡϵĻ̫СˣȻҪϵнǾͰո߹С
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ŵ㣬ʼԤĻ㱨ʱһСʱ֮ʱ䣬ʱ䲻ơ
ˬˬվڽ̨룬ջͲ򵥽ϵн󣬿ʼׯѧоȡõоɹ
200X-20XX꣬ͶڹXXѧȡѧʿѧλ
20XX-20XX꣬ͶӢXXѧȡòʿѧλ
20XX-20XXְ꣬ӢXXʵңθڡ
20XX񣬾ְڱУ񾭲ѧϵνڡ
ʱ˿ʼСۣ֮ǰ˵ׯڽ28갡ҽҲ28ˣΪʿѧλƴͷѪ
Ϊĵ䷶ؼ˳Ҳ̫ˣүȻƫĵġ

򶨵˵ׯڵѧɹ
ֹĿǰׯѾ˶ƪڿ£LancetScienceNatureCellȣͬʱʷר֢кܶشͻơ
ÿһһ󾪺ʵ˵ǿשһƪĶڿĿͺͻԴԴϡׯնӲ˵שͷ
᳡˳˾ĽǰѧԺ쵼Ҳ΢ЦƵƵͷһηӡ
ʼЩ澪ԽԽ󣬽һЦ˵ҶȲׯڵݽѽ̨ׯڣׯڡ
ׯǰŵѾװףʹŰ׳º㡢Ž˿۾̨һ磬һʽͲĸ߶ȣһֻǳǳ嶵ټĻ᳡ɨһȦǰš
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ȻѧУܶںʦ뷨һЩܼ⡣ѧ㱨ֿսϣ̨ϵ˻ٸսѡ
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ĳȹΨΨŵŵǸ㲻õ棬ʦ־ǿʧģһ£߸һȥܽС
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#ʵųĳ˵Ķ#
עˬģŮΪʵұЦճ

 14 

˵ϴε, ԺٿѧӦϵĸĬ
ûС
˼ǣΪ³һܣ˭ûò, һȷǳҡ
ǹһ׼ѧߡѧѧе㲻̫ʵʷȡ˺ܶشͻƣܶɹĿ
ׯ档
誼ͬ⡣
ׯ㲻һӴһˣǰǰ, ڡĳɹҲ֤ʵˡ
誺ܼᶨУ˵ı֤ʵҲֻǲֽһ۵Һ᳹׸Ĺ
ׯüʣ˷
誣ΪⷸĴɵġ
ǵտʼѧ֪ٵΣһЩķǳáׯٴǿ
Ҳô, ĴҲܽܵġ
Բ˭ֻҪ㲻̵ĴҲûл᣿ׯüͷšø
, κλᡣ󲻽ǲ, ҲǺܶ˲ܽܵġ, Ҳˡ
ۼ칫¶е, ׯӱóһƿ, šݸ誡
˲ҪôӲʵһ, һһЩׯĵ˵
誽ӹ֣һڣׯ˵, æ¿֣ڽˣɲأֲҸס
ҲǱ⻰Ūеˡ
Ըʲôϵѵۺ͵ô
δϹŮо𣬵ַǳ, 㲻ɣҲԭ£ׯ벻õˣ誽ıġ
Լˣҵԭһ˵ԴǴػ
õס໰ĳ嶯¶Ϊڼˡ
ֱˡҲׯ¶һΡ
ׯ˻ᣬεҡҡͷ̾˿
˾ڰ칫˰죬˭û˵˵˭ʼųվų
һվڿеĽǶȣһվƷĽǶȡ֮Լĵֺá
µĸˣҷǳϲѧߣҪׯԼ
ûҪң˷ҵʱ;һʼ˵㲻ҪʦҪҵ˵ˣȫɡŭ˵꣬ǰϣׯһۡ
ֲһ䣬ׯҲˡ
ׯʱеɵۣסǰ˫۷£࣬΢ͷؿ誣˵治룿
ҵҵĴһֱû䣬ǲܡӲҪ룬Ҳûʸֹ㡣ڵ̬͸˿Լϲϴһǿˡ
ѧҲ׷󣬺ܶҵڴţкܶߡѧȦҲ߽ζԴԴϵĺиɹ𣬹ʵλҲһѩһ
誴ֻסɹ˵κˡ
ׯմͷ˵˾䣬ã֪ˡ
ûʲô£ˡ˵꣬ת׼뿪
ׯæֱԺ󻹸һ콲𣿡
誳ǰĽŲסתֱ˫ϴ˵һȥӦ˵£Ҳ׷ڡѧߣǲνġѡأͬҵļϣ⡣
˵󲽳ߣ߸Ьյزŵذ壬ذ嶼֪ˣֻλ̽飬Ҫǿͺˡ
֪ˡׯЩǰܵ˵
ߵűߣžͳȥˡ
հͿׯĿͷǴкͿ첽뿪ˡ
ׯǰ˫ۻǰͷſڵĶΪֻˣ˾䣬ôˣ
һׯڣ
ׯѸ̧ͷֲ誣˫һ˲ְȥ漴ֱߵ£ʲô£
ŶһݲɹͬҪǩֲܱ˵ŰѺͬݹ
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Ŷãˡ
ׯֻصϣѧߵʼѾдˣֻҪ;Ϳˡ
ԥ
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ʵ飬誾׼һЩ֢صĹںŻԴϴδӦѧҪռġ˼̫⣬Щ۵ǲԵġ
ƽʱôעЩ뵽ĹؼˣʵûҵʵġˢȦÿһýӪġ
˽ûпƼصĹںš
˻ᣬֱ˦һĵҽȽ֪Ĺںš
誸æл漴ʼĵһʮ˿עļųЩأкܶೣʶԴų
ܳһѺܷʱ䣬·һںŵֺر𣬽СıꡱǾ͵ȥһ¡
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жϣûӲˣصһЩ֪ʶǳڶгĬǸȤĹںš
µµ۵Ҳǳܻ࣬ӭ½һЩº誰ںΪԼƼ֮һ
½һЩ˸˼ҪԼҲƵĹںţΪڹ˽ʵѷҽԴҲǳޡ
˽ڱ֢ŵ˴Լֻ20%оҽ򣬶ֻ10%õҽư
ںţûһ㾭顣
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û壬Ҳ׷Ķ
æѰںŵʱĵһǣ˱۵Ķ
***
Դϴ誵ƬˡвƲ̳ͳĶ
ľ󲿷˶ģϲյˡⲿ̫٣һԣͱģ誾ͳ˳ӵĶ
һʹ˽˿۾ׯѧ㱨ӳⷽٵƬʱˡ
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صǣôׯׯڳƣ
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ϴνׯרŵڴǰˢڸСֶѣҲܸ
λ˵㡣ʲô˻ֺͺˣ

˺ܶ¥󣬶ٳ֣е㻳ɱϵ١
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֮ׯжǣ誾ͱȵжݡ
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Ѯ磬ڰѱύˣһ졣
ǰ조񾭲СֶӡȺҶ˵ԼĽչ˶Ѿύˡֻʣ
˼ڸڽֹꡣļ飬ύťһָꡣ
αɲӣֻͷϢ
誣ͬ־ǣڽ˱飡
ϲýл͵һףˡ
誣
@誣æ˰ǰȺѹǣиУ꣬Ƕſʱ䣬ȥɨУŮǣ
誣Ŷǽ
ң@誣Լ᣿
誣Լ.JPGǽ͸Ŵ졣
ȥտȾưоOK
誣ıԵOKè.JPG
ŶãǽȳԸտ@誡
誣OK
һϴĿȹݾУӿʼ 
ĵ㣬˽誡
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誣У̫ˣҪſһӡ
ڰ칫Ұɣҹһˡ
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ߵȾͷ誸첲С˵ƽʱٻױУҿ㻭ͦõģҪһһ£ܾȥֻ㱼Ƶġ
Ұֻз۱Ϳں죬ȫҪȻȥûױƷܽʱüС˵
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Ҹطȥԡô˵
ðð誵ĸ첲ԡߡ
·һ칫ſڣŴ򿪣Ťͷۣסæ˵ׯںá
Զһ㣬תͷׯͷʾһ£ǰߡ
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Ӻܺã΢ξͺܺÿһ߰ĻױƷڷųëˢ
誣ûи˵
ʲô
˸ԸŵҪױҵһ뵽ľ㡣ʵƽʱҲܼ򵥣ҾǾ㻭һµױҲûġ
Ц˵Ī֮ǰΪǿƵĴ
Ϲ˵Щ˲Ųǿơҵһμʱ򣬾;ܿɰܵ
ΪʲôôΪǸʶҵ˵жһµġһ߶ְ覣һʡ
ǵжǻߺţһŮͨ۾жϵġһδҽܣҴ￴˺ߣ͸һСŮһܵɬָоһΰְĳ
𣿡誵ֶһ¡
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еĿ࿴֮ǰһֱǸеɵɵֱˬŮǱˣΪжϡ
Ȼϲҽͨù˼ɺܶࡣ
ױ誸۾֡
С˵ղſׯڣͬȦϴھưɣ˵ҪȻҲǼӰӵд顣
רĻױֻ򵥡šһ
ׯд͸߹һб϶û⡣ǣ˶ס˵ʺ
Ц˵ôأ겻Уд
ô˵ǺĽׯ˰̾
ˣȱ˵ˣҪˣСҵıƵϡѡ
Сʱ󣬻ױվӣϸһᣬĵ㵸˳Ҫ誡
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ۣ⻹ԭõĻױ˸ͷ氡 ĵشС
調ճһֻ֣ס󱳵·𼤶ỹϰʱ䡣
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誸׼ۣ˵Ȼ
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һߣֻе˵ҸղԼĳ·ˡʾ·ɺںɫˣٽҲǱ·ϡ
Ǹʱ䣿Կҵĳȥׯ˵
Ŀȷʵʱ䡣Ҵҵؽӹ
ȥׯʡ
XX·XXȹݡ˵ַ
˳·ҵĳɡ
һ˸ׯȥͣ
ϳׯỵ̂ѧУ
ںĿŤͷм˵㻯ױ˻ͦÿġ
ʲôͦÿѵǳÿô誵Ľҫ˵ 
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Ŀҵļ򣬡ʦҪױܼ˵ô㲻ױҲǹʶĿѹһƱŮ
Щɴ˵誶ȥ׵ˡ
ʱһ̵ǰׯɲסڸʻ̿ڣׯĩû
ˡׯ̲˵
ʱѹûǰ棬Ƶĸ˵ȥҲš
һҪΪģ
Լҵģȥףû
׼ٷֱһԵ誰ס
誱ԿۣЪᡣ
ڼʻׯɫװĵʣǲȥȾƣ
ǣҪȾƿ϶㡣һԵЦ˵ֲϣȥμһУ
ʱ̵Ѿˣ˰ȣׯŷӦţʻʮ·ڣʣĻ
ţ˽֯ġ
´ĻԽҡׯǿЦƵ˵仰
£š
ַΧų룬ǰżʻΣׯῪЦôҪף
Ҫġׯһƽ˵ûһ˿Ц˼
һȴ³ҲˡΪоȻһֻͣ
ǳ˿ˣ˶Ĭĵͷֻ
˵طĸȺׯ˵лл͸æ³ãӿʼûٵ
ĸ볡ȯ첽뿧ȹݣׯỵ̂üͷûԥóֻǮҸæ
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ֳѾúãΧһΣⶼӣõѭʽףʶŻһӣʶһÿʱ10ӡ
Ҫ˫Ȥϯȥһ߸Сһһ˽⡣
һʼ誵ĸ첲˳Ⱥˣð⣬ɿ誣Сյ˵ҮҪõĸϽ֣ŮҲ٣Ǻܴġ
誣עⰲȫҾҲȥ¹ҡ
һֱɨֳˣͻȻһȽϷˣͷûŤҹȥ
Цſ˶ȥ˸λ¡ЩĺƷһƿ֣׼š־ͱ˳ˡ
ͷߺˣֻԷЦӯӯ˵šƿǵµȻǽˡ
Ϊ˧Ķšƿǣֻšһ£ݸ誣ȻȻȻ誶ϡ
һȥ30ͷˣ߲ߣͨȥơǸղоֹûΪӷ֣෴ε塣
޶ԣҲά˻òԷʣ̵Իشһ¡
ԷʣУʦøУܶࡣ
XXѧУ
Էĵ˵ͷ˵һ¼ͥϢô
ͥϢ֣課⡣
ǼＸˣĸʲôģ֡Էѡ
ϼҰСУ׼ͥ˹ҲΪɫˣҪϴ˿ڣ͹ᱻ⣬ʵе㲻ͷˡ
˵꣬˿ڿ֡
ͬʱԿԷĻش˺ܶࡣ
ڵǽʦǸڣԷȻŶϣ
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ܺãԷֺһ˿Сһ£ˡ
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רͷȿ֡Ե٣еЩģ̫ԡ
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ǸУ꣬˹ǲеģԺ˵ĳˣϻǵӦȥ
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ôӦӦңôׯü˵
ǣԼҪǻҪӦ̫ˡ˶࣬ϽȥʶһŮ誴ߴ
Լˣׯ׼ȷץסΪص㡣
ǲǶʶǶԶԷûȤỹҪװûҪ˰ɣʮֲ⡣
ׯһĨ޿κΣܿȥһܣ̧ͷΧ

Χм˺ŮˣǺܽǵǾڵׯ׽ȻϽǰȥռλһ
۵Ļׯ񰸰ϵ⡣ȥ˵ġ
誸æعͷʱׯѾԽӣӳ߿
Ϊʲô£Ҳչȥ˼벻30֣໥ţܸоԷıϢԼϡ
۵ɻ󣬲Ǿׯڡ
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ôŵַǳ嵭ɼ㣬ԶصĺɶϢǳħã̲סҪ̽ȥĳ/
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СһԶĵûȵŮ
ͺͻأˡϷˣȥûҪˡ
ׯעŶˣֻҲǸȤӣôҪμӣ
ûҲСһʼ֮ͥģҾûȤˡ 
ׯƵ˵ͷ
誺˿ڿ֣Ҳģ
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ܺã´μʱ꣬Ů˻Źĳ
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עˬģŮΪʵұЦճ

 15 

ׯʦ, ҿԽ͡誵ͷҧ´˵仰
ţĵ˵ôһ֡
誸̧ͷС˵, ǸҸѿЦģ㲻Ҫ档㱾ĺ˧ġ
ׯţָæ˾, Ƭ˧һٱ
㲻ϲ赭д˵
ϲϲġıʶôһ仰ǼкֺһԴҳһ, յûš
ղⶼʲô°ͷȻڮ˵¡Ӧ̫, , ͷת, Ҳ
ѡʱҪѺʱһ١
ţׯɢ, ü
ղ˵Ļס
, ˵ʲô
ôչ̶ˣ
УסҪԼͬһ, ҪŪ̫ѿ
ҵ˼˶ϲ˧Ůֱɲ̧ͷбǰԭľɫ˵
ҵ˼㲻ϲƬׯͷķ˵
̧ͷ, ۶ˣ漴żԴִȥ˫ַڲŵ, µСѣ翹ʵ˵Ƭȷʵе㡭һѾ
ǸѵռҵĻʦҲҡׯƵģ
ĳߵд¥칫ҵǮǲ֪˹ׯŪ俧ȹݣתͷԼ˱ġ
ʦׯʦǵա
ҵС˵
ͻȻǰһ̧ͷգգۣŶһƽƺȫׯ˵ΪֲҵĹҰһЩÿƬɣҵѿͲ㿪Цˡ
ңƬ÷ѡׯƽ͵˵·ղƬȫ޹ء
Ϊʲô㲻ΪԼɻ
ôңҲںׯ˵а仰û˵
Ŷһǰİɣ˵ԺõϡἱһЩֲԼĹĵĻ顣
ãҵֻز̫ãֻɡҪô㣿ׯʼնƽһˮ޲
žͺãҽǶȡ誸æվ˿һ룬ֻҽǶȡ
־Ȼе㶶ȻһĳˣħõƬһѾ
ʲôεʱѾȥˡ
סĳÿƬ¾ܸǹȥˡ
ǰң£ͣǶȣռׯ360ȫλȫ
·ûøջһѾͲͷ˵ˣ߶ʮһһٿġֻƽԼ
ׯҲϵĸľͷ΢ǣβں˫񣬷ĿĹʡ
żֲشЦĿžͷһͷĶԴ࣬誾ȷ׽Ǹ˲䡣
ůӢǻᷢһǡ
ҪǻһֳһᱻͷǸסԺ˫ۣģǡֻǰһ˼ڹͼߡǶϡ
誷ʱׯҲһֱŮԽԽ˼е޵ģɰ
͸¶һţŵ촽΢üͷ¶һذ׵ϸֱֻۣ޳ȵİС֣Ÿ߸ݵַȡ
ż¶ĺ޳̺Ůһ𣬵Ȼˡ
ȺֻΧһӰԶΣ·ֻʣ
ʱʱǳרע¡
·ô档ϴֽ֮ǰǿܵģһӦˣͷǳ
ƿصĺܺã󷽣ݲȡҲ˸źܷ硣
⣬ҲΪס⣬ɳǸ͵ɡ
ܶ
ͬʱһѵõ֡
ڰ칫ңӰ࣬˿ڱԼŬϽǴ˼ѪһҪϵ
֪ǡ
ΪϿĲǿһĻϲȻʱȥƣȴ˷ܹʡǲǱĳʱ޹Ρ
ûʹΪʲôҪ»й룬һԭӦС
ջ˼ǰˣĽӴӵǳˡ
֮ǰž룬Ǿн衣ȻҲûкɳڣûǿҵĿܸˡ
Ϊգ˵Щѵ£Ҳûôܡ
мţ課ͣ
գϣͷᣬ૵˵Ƭе࣬ô㣿
㿴ŷҼžСׯ˵ЩνЩܻǾ
調Ｘ˵Ƭܶ໹Ǵͷջֲдᣬߣ縩ʱصضĺͫʾ۽Ƭ
еΪѣղŲܲô࣬ôׯֻҪţʣµô죿
һŮֻôܹϵ˵Ƭô͵ĿŮĸо
ղûãֻƬöܺÿҪɾеϧ
ˣͷͺˡ
ãŸ㣬ܻҪڴһ£ƬһЩ調ׯ˵
лл
ʱ˸߲ҵ߹ףׯҲˣԭ治ǿЦ
ׯͷ
˵Աߵ£Ȳػ㱨ԼսŪ˵ϵʽĿǰоͦõģҴ֮һģоΡ誣أûпϵĶ󣿡
誾ϵĿ֣ţˡ
Ц誺󱳣Ƿˣôﶼһƿ֡˵̧꣬ͷ϶ׯ񣬸æ㶵زһ䣬Щ˲ׯڡ
ʼգ誺ׯĿǰڵ໥кøеŮԴŵĵطղҲǴһ߹ġ
ʱׯֻˣǴ˸кȥһ߽ӵ绰ˡ
²ֻ誽ܣXXѧУĸڣ30ͷ˿ͦõġXXѧУĽʦҲһ˴꣬ˣͦ˧ϲֳࡣ
ڶĸкøУʡ
ȷ۵ĸо֮İɡ˵⻰ʱ첲棬°͸ֱϣһա
󱳣Ц˵ԼϲҪ
ʱҺҲˣ໥˵һ¸Ես˻ֵͦġ
Ҳˣ˵תһսɣտơ𣿡
ĸ˷׷ϰ̧ͷׯ
ŶԣׯҲڡҲ
˵ܲ٣ܲٵ
ׯ绰߹ˣ
ţׯ㻹ҪٸôҪȥտˡҪԸһǾٵȵ㡣˵
ˣҪȥԣǹȥʱ򲻺ô򳵡ׯº͵˵
̫鷳ˡ˵
鷳߰ɡ
ֻصϡ
γĻͶˣ׷׽׶
ںϲ˵ԼղŵľȻҪ档УĽʦĲҽŮò֪㡣
Ȼ˾ϲֿȥԹɵСŮ
調ȥҲǹԹԵİҲ⡣
ˣ˲࣬ûԱִڡҡͷÿκȾƣľ˵ĶҪãŪҪԼ㡣
£ôһ˵ǰȻĸڲɶԣﻹҪĲμװ
æ֣ڿǰסڣǰǵŮҲῼǡְ칫飬ԣӦʵ飬Ϳ¡24Сʱͷ̧ͷ̫Ϣ̫ˡ
һԵ誵ͷ
ָſ˵ɣ誸ͬ뷨
ӣͷ˵ôоʵȽϴ̼Ǻܶ˿°ɡ
̼̼ˣ쿴ѪȵСϸʮֲ˵ĵ㡣
ؿԱߵһۣȻЩ°Ű״µŮҪ֮£ǲǻͦģ
ڰ룬ͻȻĴ𣬡죬ʵôĵطȻ£˵ֱָ̧˿һӡ 
ʲôˣ֮ôˣĦĸԴί˵
ʲô֪ܲλԴ̧ĿĶ䣬ҪѸղĻ
ǰһֱû̷ˣңŮ˽˵˵ˡ
һԵһֱĬôˣʱ޲ǰֱѵĶճЩͬµĻҲЩ
ѵǴˣ˯ĵĳЩ걻ˣ
ǾҪȥӣ顱
ʱ調仰һͷˮʱ꣬ܿյĽ֮һҽѧŮࡣ
ʱǰе绰𶯣۷пֻ̨ׯڣĵ绰
ֵ߷壬µˮйͨᵽһʮ·ڣǰĳһͷׯɿţùֻͨ
˻ᣬׯ˾䣬ĸҽԺ
һ½ǱͶһöС/
ס誵ĸ첲誳ҡͷ
֪绰ͷ˵ʲôܿׯ˵绰
ڼʻε誰żʻαͷʻαͳ֮䣬ׯ˵ׯʦӦÿͣǸϽȥȥæҪæģ˵
ׯĬ룬ͷߣ˵誡
ţڣ˵Ӧһ±ֲԾսа
鷳ҿׯþȫ˵仰β΢ɲ
áûԥ
ʱ˵Ҫǰæô
ׯŤͷʱҪллǸڲǹȥˡ
̸æ˵òã³ׯڣȥæҪæ͸Ǵ绰˵⿪ȫ
ŵͿҲѸжԼİ·򿪿·ǱߵĳţѸ³
誰ѰһߣǱסׯѣׯʦȥʻ
ׯӦ⿪ȫϨŲʻǰ棬ʻ
ʱʼҡ³˵ȥԣùҡµ绰ϵ
վ·ϵ˳ڻ֡
ϵϰȫһǰȥ
лҪ˵誣ιȥ˰ɣ
ߣ㲻Լ·ˣ
誣
ߣ
ٴлл֧档о~~

 16 

һ·, רעȺ̵Ƶʱƫͷ˿ڸʻׯ
ɫ̫, üͷšɫ۵ĵ, ͷʹü䣬񱻺, ¼ˡ
պأûʱٸʵס, ʱԸһ˶, ˵ܻδ֪ĵǡ
ڲ֪, νİοֻķҡ
ׯڸ˵úø˵
һ·, ׯǳĬģֱֻҲ˼绰
֪ͷ˵ʲô, ׯֻǼ̻ءô쵽ˡĻ
誸רעؿǰܹ, ױ㹻İȫ룬ʹ󵨱ӵ·ǰС
ŰСʱ, ҽԺſڡׯɿȫƿţһֻ˵, ת誣лл
Щͳ˻ƣǴӺģųѹ֡
ղһǳšǡ
Ҫȥ𣿡誽⿪ȫ׼ƿš
ллã㿪ȥ棬·עⰲȫط˸ҷϢׯ˵仰³
ãţ֮ҲҪó誸æ³
ˡׯתָųţų誣ҽԺͣҿȥɡ
ׯһֱܸо˵ʱоǳѹ֣һѰ󱣻Ƶġ
ֻǸһľ룬õʵû
֪ʲôôģӦǲȱٵˡ
ã֮ҪóʱҴ绰ҹ㡣ȥææ˵µʱ䡣
ׯͷת󲽿ٳҽԺȥ
Ŀ뿪ҽԺſ˽ܿ켱ҴҵӰʧҽԺսǡ
ҽԺſڵ˺ͳҼռͣλϳ뿪
ֻǴ绰
誣ׯڵҽԺôôʡ
ҽԺˣҲ֪ʲô߽ˣѾʼôԥŻҪҪᣬҲŵ
Щ䱻ˣɽ˺ѷθϮһ¾ͽȥˣͻȻͳѹؿںơ
̫ˣѾȥտˣմϳؼˡҪԣסߣͽҸطԣ
ˣۣͦһȥϢ
ŶãעⰲȫȺ֨һ
Ҷϵ绰תỵ̂еĿġǺȥһеģ˵ơ
ɵŴϢĳͲԶĿҽԺſڳ֡ɫҰܵǣ˸źƣХľȻ֪˭ҵıԾϡ
ҽԺſһȦ뻹뿪ȥط
ſţ˸󵨵뷨
֮ǰ˵һٶ๫ﴦи򣬻һֱûüȥ֮ǰϵͼƬͦƯġ
Ǿȥɡ
ַеԼСʱԵĿģͿǰˡ
ʻǣͨ״˺ܶ࣬ôӵ£誽ҡһ㣬Щû޽ʿҰв˻ŨһɨڴǰѹֳƵĿ
Ѯůݸձʱ㣬ǴĻϲζ̲ס˼¡
һĨɫĶ˵ɫƲС·ߣһƬӲͲ˻ǽŵƬյȼֺ׳ַۣǷҡ
ûôˡ·ٿʱѾȫڣڽСϣһǰ
˹ڣѾϾŵࡣóֻһ¸ľƵ꣬Ԥ˿ͷ
Ƶع䣬Ҫһ·˶װɡһ˳ȥߡ
вʯ·̯߰˸ͣλѳͣ¡˼̯ɫ˶װһЬ̯˫˶ЬͦϽš
ǰߣС̻Ƶʳ֣СӡһЩ
˾Ƶꡣ·ǰ̨ԱȥϴǣҪʹá
Ŀͷλòشһ˹Сӡ߲ʵװΣǰڵҹɫСҲǾۣûʲôʵá
ܼˮ٣Ҫȥضĵطܿ˹һǳˮϼңĺ岼ݺύ洦ɼ˵ˡϷ˵ˮˮġ
վشǰԶɽǺŵľȺɽľͷգϡǵ㡣
ڲ輸ϵֻ𶯣ߡ
ׯ
ιׯʦǱôʡ
ãȶסˡأûҷϢׯ߳ҽԺţѰһεĽ䣬˷
ׯʦҰĳˡҪҪó˿ȥ㡣
һʱѪʶׯĳôЩסϣûе¡
żţʲôʱҶСׯ˵
ͷ޵ƣУǹȽŵǵĺ֢;һиƣҲûдǰѹָˣӦ˵סˡ
һʱ֪˵ʲôһֱûѧô𡣸ʱѡӱܡϣһֱʧܡ
ڵ绰ͷĬš
誡绰ͷ֣з誡ֱ紵ɢƮͨ粨ͷᡣ
ԭƮָо
šͷӦ
лл㡣
誻ʣлʲô˵仰ߵشߣǽŴ⡣
˻ᣬͷ˵Ҳ˵塣˵Цһ¡
͵ҹɫˮԵĺ棬趯ŵ֯
ĳҿ͵л񣿡ɵ˵
ղŵĶԻΧ֪е֡ׯ֮ľô
뵽ͻȻе㲻Ӧڡվֱŵ绰ֺڴǰ̺ⲽ
ղ˵ȥˣׯûʣлġ
XX򡣡誻ء
Ǳ𣿡
ܲ誶Өɫ˵ׯʦ㲻Ǳôû
ûȥ
Ҳǣ񱾵˶ԼҸľ㶼ûʲôȤȻڱ𴦡ʱԹȽϷɡ
š
һʱ仰жϣ˻ͷȻ
˵ׯʦҪǱȶȥϢɣд飬ϢӦòࡣ
ãҲϢ

誹˵绰
Ǳ߹˵绰ׯֻһˮ̤ҽԺ
***
¥һ䲡ڲһָ̧ڲϵͷİ׷ԲԵˡ
ׯǰүү˾ȥ̡
ڴǰŹ׼վׯæǰ
ׯүþûˡȥǱߣġүү˵ȳһָȥ
áׯүү˴ߣӹȥһѷүү
ºүү˫ַŹȣȼ䣬ĿĿׯ
28ˣҲˣҸ㲻㼸ˡ
ׯ׼ڣүү̧һֻ֣ϣ˵ꡣ
ڼ䣬ҵ˸Ҵ㣬ڻعˣ׼ôˡ֪ǼиŮС꣬ȥҲǴӹˣǵ˼Ǿʡ
үүׯɫһϥϵ˫ֲԾս
Ҫ˵ꡣûӦ²ٳׯҡĻ˭Ʋ㡣ûУҸ̻ڣܻ㣬ѡҪǶˣһ˻㣿үү˵ùһµء
ǰһ顣
ׯͷִ˴
ǵĶĻץٶȣǶڣ¶ˣԺԼСң˭Ҳץס㲻ˡүү˵
ׯĬЩ²Ŀꡢҡ
ҪûǵĶҿ˸֪˼ң֤ǿԹӵĺùүү˵
Ҫܡ⡣ׯڡ˻䣬ܿ졣
ʶģ˼ҶûȤԼûգүүΪˣһ´
Ҫȷˣһ˸ǿһҲûСׯû
ôûΪʲôĿƲԼүүüʡ
ׯϥϣֽţͷú˵һͳҵǡ
үүץŹµأ΢ŭΪʲôôΪѵǶĽô⣿
ׯ̧ͷǰɣˣûϵԼԭܺãǳáҵĸҪģҲԼ첻ܿƵĻ˺
죬뿪ȥ͹ȥˡһƻԺǿˣ˵߾ߵʱ
ǿҵļƻУżкǿĿĹ۲죬誾Ըˡ
֮⣬ĵǡ
үүĬ˻ᣬҸ̵ĸô
ܺáദĺ
ţ֪Ϊʲô𣿡үүʡ
ׯɻؿ
Ϊ̣ϲŭ֡Щ¸ҵԭ·ǷҶԸǰڡҲ㿴ĺүү
㲻֪Էʲô򵥵ķزɶԷȫõͬͻԸһ𡣡үүԼʮĻ˵ׯ
֪һ˵ദûô򵥡
̫أʱԷܾ㲻򲻹/ʱ̫ŨҵİܻϢ߶Ⱥƿء
ӣǰǰ¶ȥˣƾԼܹúܺáһĴˣ˻ܵദѧʣҲûôӡ
үүǰ֣һʱỹˡ
Ҫ˵үүׯֱ
үүЦˣģҴӦ̹60յġɹ±Ҳԭҡҵóšˣһȥɡ˵ΡΡ
ׯǰóֻ˾绰
үүͻȥֻҽԺ̲ţ
ڴϣóֻ鿴Ϣ
誸ƬڿȹĵƬͬǶȣɫҲͬůɫҲкڰɫ
ÿһŶвһķζЩץĵĽǶ˽Լ
ġ
ʵ˽⡣
ٵȵȰɣϣʱҪŵ
ۺʱ˺Ҳ˺ǵߡ
лҪ˵ҷģȫĸ߲ŰҪŰҲŮŰˡ
ǸΪڼϲĸ¸ĵʮһ㣨ʮһʮһ㣩ҴõĶ飬鷳צׯʦҺȡƿ֡
Ժĸ¶㣬絽賿ʮ㡣ոᡣ

 17 

ʱȥ, 誾˺ʱ֮ǰľۻᣬΪʱڵ绰У绰ͨͷȴǳƽ
, Ȼ㲻ڣҾרʱڵ绰ͷ˵˿ûб˷ŸӵĲˬ
ȻеŮֱӽء
ڹͣͣ, Գ棬ܷɡΨһźûֻֻպЩƬ
һ, ɫֻݣЩʢ, ɫķ, ۰׵ĵ, ʻƵӭ۵һ, ͷţ, 
ǳʺգֻڵ, Ȼ죬˸ĽǶȣЩƬ
ĳƬһϴӵͷѤõıֱǽƬǽĳĸо, 뵽˱գյϵѤӣе㡰ϡ롰˼䡱ĸо
⣬е˷
˭أ
ʱһų, ŮʱԻݲݲûȤ
Էŵ񾭲СֶӡȺ
Ҳϴ󡱷ȥ
ûҪĶˡָ΢滬ׯĶԻܿϣһ¾Ϳˡ
ĥ룬룬ɡƱŵùǺ顣ܿ⣬֮ĹϵûʱԷƬĵزɣ
òס
ˣǾ͸ķȦ
ܿڻ˺ܾõĵȦһЩɽˮˢȦӦûǰһȸԾĸо
ʧٶ˿ڻع飬Ȧĸλҵĵ޺ۻӭ̬
һֱ浽磬調̡˲ͣ˸վһ͡
ֱӽׯС
ϴδӾưɻׯСĵͣλиӡ󣬵Ǻȷĸ
ǸϢ
˻ᣬûأֲ˵绰ȥ
ׯʦĳӦͣСĸͣλҲ̫ǵˡ調תỵ̂ͣתơ
Сͣׯʡ
šλãͣ˾Ϳˡ˵
¥ӡ
绰ܿҶϡ
調ֻ棬ֱӸλòͺ𣿸Ҫһ
ͣг誸æ˸λѳȥȹȥ
ׯʱ䣬𳵵Ρ
κܵ͵ǲָзǳã͵ݻ˼ĳÿζࡣЩ˿ܻϰڳп̨߽߱ǽǷһЩСûУɾľǸճ
Ҳ򿪿һȪˮû
Ӧнǿ֢誸æͷ鳵ǷµĶŪĵط
ûڳϳԶм䡣
ڳϸʱó̧ͷ˴˵ں˫
һоӼҷׯվڳ⣬һɫ֯һɫп㡣ֲ嶵ЦĿųˡ
æҡ³ׯʦĸͣλָһ¡
ׯתбǰһͣλ߹ȥվʾ⡣
誷˰ѷ̣ѳʻȻĵ⣬ȵͣá
ϰף³س֮ǰ̽ȥһûж¡
ϳţƹѳԿ׵ݸׯллĳҪҪһ£ӦûŪࡣ
ׯӹԿףֱӰ˳ϣá
ֱ̧Ҫһ𣿡
誳һ£ûԣҲûʲôθڣʱеãʳ̫á
ûԣҴԵˮԭôƻġ
ûʳһ࣬ȥȵࡣׯ˵˵⻰ʱȻûǿһҪȥ˼ǸƼһºóԺúȵġ
ׯʦ·ûԥȵȺĶȥ
áׯЦӦʡ
˲߳ͣСţתһ·ͿһЩ̡߽һҺܰĵ꣬Ѱ˴Ƨĵط
Աݹ˵ׯ誣ûԣ
ɣԼھСûӲ˵
ûмɿڻ
ûС
ͣ˶ţׯڣȦƬĵĺܺá
㿴ˣ誵ʱɨۺ͵޵ˣûׯΪû
ţ´μհɡׯ˵
ϴεѧαֹˡеΡׯƽ͵ӣ·¾û
ôģںôе档
˻ᣬĲˡ
ׯùǰʢ࣬æ˵ͺá
ڸǰĲﵽһЩˮԼǱƵǰⱭˮϴӡ
ԭǴԼﵹˮ̿ӵģׯһԷôԭˣǺ࣬Ӿͺá
лл˵ѿӷŽȥ̣ׯûԼĿӡ
ϴ칫ң˵ҪϴǸ̨¡㣬ܾ쵽ôصá
뵽ӿֳһе˵壬ڵһůһģɢ˿ƣ
˵ͷʱż졣
Ȼ齻֮󻹻æ𣿡ׯʡ
æҪʵ飬ҪϿΡ
ҪϿΣׯ̧ͷЩȡ
誺ڼ࣬ӣ̧ͷŶˡ
Щ»˵ɡ
ţоһѡ޿Ρͣһ£˵γ̵֢ķֶΡ
˵仰Ŷˣϵκһ顣
ֻһ£ֶסӣһŲͽֽ˰ǣ̧ͷſԭϵġ
誾;Ҳ˵һҾ֪ô͡ģŶˡ
˵ǸӸˡ˵⻰ʱߣ΢ͷûп
ֹǸϴϿЧã˼ˣҲûôſһ¾ˡ죬üȥϿΣҲ֪ʲô᲻⣿
¾ͷۡ
ڹӰԼ飬ͿԼȥ¡
ǹԹӿֳ
㵱ʱĸϲʡ
ʱϾͲһܶ࣬һʱаɡı۹ׯǲǲſΣԾŲ˦ˡͳ˱
ɣ޷죬п˵
ԭǿԻģʱһЩ°סˣʱҪҲǹⲻſƸġׯ̧ͷ誣Ͽҵ˵
ֱ˳ӿ˫ۻǰáȻġׯ
ׯĲΣͣûʱƿΡϿεĲϺPPTҶ׼ˡҪ뿴ҵȻȥ㡣
誼ֱˡ
Ϊʲô㷢
Щô࣬鶼Ÿϳġ
ûƢˣͷӣϸϸࡣ
侲侲Ѿ˼ÿˣԼ֡
˼࣬ܵͷϷߣ̧ͷׯߣû£ɡ
治ɫƽȻЩͻ״
ҪǲȥϿΣҿԽȥϿΡׯ飬쵽課ˣôֲ
㵱ʱΪʲôҪPBLϿģʽ課⡣
PBLϿηʽЧʣѧʦսȽϴ󡣡
ߣ֪ͺá
˻ᣬ課˵һϡ˵ᾡãꡣҲһ;ϡ
ׯһ²֪ôӻܸо誵Ʋ֡ᵽǰͦ˵ġ˵⣬Ϳȥˡ
Ϊ׼ÿΣӦǻʱˡʱſΣѹսС
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á
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ʱ֪ԺʿʵҵʦʱӦ뵽誻ſʵѡϾϵֻʵо֢ʱҲֻ誾߱Ͽ
Ҳȫûǵ㣬ʱְûͳˣϵ
콲ȻĳֻҪһĲŻֵĿ֡ûվĽǶȿǹǷʱ䣬ǷԸ⡣
е˽ˡ
ܱǸûܵ˺ܶ鷳ԺҪҰæĵطһᾡׯ˵
ҵʱ򲻻ġ˵ž˵㡣¿Գ׷ˡ
Է;ȥϴּ䣬˳׼˽ˣ֪ѾǮˡ
ԭǴٷׯĳ顣
ȻˣͲִˣ֮˵ɡ
ԹԻؼң誺ܿյׯϺͿμ
鷿򿪵ԣһ£òϿаϰٺúÿЩϸԼ׼һ£ȡÿݸḻʡ
Ҫʹñ˵ĳɹȡ˹ʵ飬ׯϢ
ܿͷϢ
ׯá
誵лֵ㿪һһļСһǲϢմġԭҲֻǴһ£ԽԽ˼
ЩϷǳḻһЩˣǳдԵ֢ߵĻƾ
ðķʽںϵϣ˳Ҳ֢֪ʶҰĲҪӦĲۣҲʶˡ
PPTĶԼɫֺעóǳ׼μˡ
ʮ㣬調ѪڣԼׯ֮ľˡ
һֱŷӦæ˵ԣȥϴ衢˯
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һװ鷢Ž˿۾ţ渵Ͷŵɡ͵ĹâԶߵزӣ
꣬ˡ
һһ죬誶Щ̫ˡ
˶һǿҵĿСΪڹð칫ңܻ㵸ĿЩϡĪ˶һҳһҳÿһҳľϲ
ϲвڲװһʥС
Щϳ˶ϿаҪؿ֢֪ʶ۽磬е֪ʶ˼άשߣʵ
ׯѾ֢о˶֪꣬ʶϵǳḻ
ֻϵͳӴ֢ǰоĸһأҲ˽ϾԶʶԶûׯƵġ
ȻүүСܵʸ񶼻ûС
ʹ֯Сһر˷ܾϲһеǺɥ
ϲΪݣΪԱöණ֮ǰ˽ġ
ٷȥϴּ䣬˶ǱϣȫעѧϰЩϡһֱϣ칫ҵͬ½°ࡣ
ŵԣˮ˫ϣˮŵԣ׼ˮֽ̧ҲûȵˮŰߴӵŲУֱѾûˮˡ
ȥˮ䡣
ˮʱǽһ⣬ע˻Сˮӱˣû֡
ֱи˴չֹˮͷŷӦ
лл˵꣬վֱתͷׯ
׼ѷˮϵıׯһˮˣӻ̡
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ղˮմɱİ뻷ΰ¶ȾȥˣӶ̡
ллȽˮ調ׯ˵ûȫӸղ˼
һ켸û˵˵еɳƣͬʱҲģ翡
ׯˮʶŤͷһۣû˵ʲô
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㣬˵
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Ȼִׯ߼ȥߵűߣ˰תι
ׯʦҪʵȽ϶ࡣ˵ţӷŵׯ
Լ˹λмϡλȽСڹλмׯֻڰ͵Ĺλڴţƫƫӣְѵǰ
ܿĻôŤͷʡ
ׯͷеˮϡ
調ׯ˵ҿһҵϡʵ̫˼ˣȫ߼вθУҲǳḻЩϵֵҿкöƪڿˡҿϸҵջȿҪ󡣡
Խ˵Խ˷ܣ΢΢ǺˣȻڸׯ˵ǸԼԻͻǳ˷ܸУɫͫʱŷ貹ʣ۽Ƕš
İ׾Сԣʶˡ
̫ˣǳлл㣡˵仰誳ׯ΢΢ͷʾл⡣
ׯǣס誵ӿ΢תתӣ˵Ťͷ
Ἰ档еı鶼С
ľϲ뿪Ҳ滹Ǳ侲ϣȻʵ⣬Բʧ䡣
΢ͷü䣬Щ㻨˶೤ʱģ
ܶꡣׯûЩϼо֢ʼռˣʵʱ£Լһͼݡ
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ڴڼȿУ˵ģ۾ǳ촽Ҳĳ糺ɫ˳֦ͷϳƻΣ֡
ׯû˵;
Щдreview϶󶥿ȥͶ塣˵Ż˻ȣ򵥵Ѿݲ˿ǵϲˡ
дreviewǿԺдһƪׯ顣
ʵ֮ǰһЩڿԼ壬дreviewڹʵҸ𲽣һֱæûʱ䴦£һֱš
յԼȥдreviewⱾǶȡõĳɹһϿɡҲԼӰһҪֶΡϾҪڶreviewżܸߡЩ̵ܿڿֻԼ塣
ҪҺ۵Բؿׯ۵Ĳ뾪ȣӵõѾõǹԭʼľϲ
課֪˿̵ģжˡׯһЩԵԼˮ˿ˮ
ˮ˵ţʣ޸ġ㵱һߣҵͨѶߡòã
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ǹ˼룬˿ˮ侲һ£ƤҲ˫ȥ΢ͷܿׯЩԥؿڣдãҶ⻹Զﲻȡ
ʵĲе
ׯ룬ʵ
£Ĵдͷ޸ġׯ˵
дòãͷȫƷԼдԼдңܳԿԽԽԼе
ڴ֮ǰû񶨹Լְ㱨ǴΣׯ񶨹ԼӦһš
ЩϣȻ˷ܿģҲѹˡ˽ǵ㶫㲻ʲôׯֱƤëѡ
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˵ʲôҪŵĻһĿĹ滮һҵĹʡ
ȴھ򣬲ǳᣬǳ棬ܿɹǻ֪
Ҫ⣬ֻǰֹֻܿâҪø֪ŮĲŻ顣
Ѿо˺ܶ꣬ʵ˵кܶ³ɹǰһĸо෴ʲôЩζƽ
Ŀǰֻʰսʱֿ/СȤ
֪ûʱգҲȵ롣
ʱЩ˽ҪΪƶһ㱻˿ǹ
ϣһ죬عͷܿ
лҪ˵賿ʮ㻹һ~

 18 

Ͼŵ, 誺ׯڰ칫ۡ
ׯҪһдreview誺ܿģҲҪռһˡ
ĿǰһЩڿreviewԼʽ, ܴͶ塣յԼѧ߶̳
ׯղŸᵽԼڿڿĿ֮һΪҪŬܾòĻᡣ
ڣͰǰ, ԥˡ
˺һָ£ֻܳ, ֲǲٳҪд, ̿ɲСһָ, մׯĹ, ûͨѶߣƪreviewд컨׹, ҲͶڿ
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ڵĳׯͨŬʵǵɽĶ壬Ȼ֣һȥ, ˵һͷ羰ɡ
ҪֲҪϵڱҵͷ, ڱ̫û
̫ˣҪҪ
ׯûǧ򻯵, һϲɫһšüᣬɴſϣ۾㶵ؿŹλһǣְֱز䣬ͷ˦ˡ
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ûк⡣Ŀǰ˽
˵һġׯ˵
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誻Ҹ壬֮޸ĵʱҪ顣ܿͬµĺûġ
ׯͷЦˣᣬѧϽҪġ
誷ĵصͷ
ղ˵Ҫ⣬ЩׯǵԼԭ
ŶԣҵһЩ֮ǰӴ򣬱Եͼ顣ǰֻǿһЩףԼûʵ飬ԺܶҲ̫ĺ壬ֻ֪ЩʲôԭҲ˵ֱס϶ļ
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ԷٶԼﱻŴ˫۾
׽ׯһĨȣܿ첻źۼĳؿǺЦĿķΧûԵ
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УҪ졣
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ׯһ߽ͣһ߷ɿ֣ЩøϿ
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Ͽʱ䣬ѧĲˡ
򶨵ؿڣÿ۵֢ءЩݻȽӣǰۡ
߷Ӧ֢Ĺϵ˵һԼ鵽ϡ誻Žҡ
Ҳ鵽֢ߵIL-1¡IFN-6IL-6ԼTNF-ȴӵˮƽȽ˸ߡڷÿ֢ҩIL-4IL-8IL-10ȿӱߡһѧԼĵ˵
һ˵ʵⲿѹ֢˳ڵѹᵼNF-kBIL-6ԼTNH-ȵıӣЩʵӻᵼʳ˺Ϳȱȡ
֢ѪҺеĿø糬绯øSOD׸ĹøGPxˮƽ㡣Щ˵ӦҲ֢ķͷչѧŲ䡣 
Щӱ仯дԽṹ˱仯ĿǰеĴmetaȽˣ֢һЩ˸ı䡣ػ·еĿ۴ءҶ״壬ʺ˵
ĬģʽDMNĸı䡣һЩ񾭿Եĸı䡣
ǰҶеȽṹ

ѧǷ׷ײۣŵ΢̤ʵһЩϴοοǸ⡣
۵Ĳʱ׳һ
ȥЩӦйעȽϻĳȺܶ༲մɭ볦Ⱥʧйأо֢һЩѧ֢ҲƵĽⲿ֣˵˵Լ鵽ϡ
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һƪ׺֤ܺһ㣬ҸղŷȺˡƪǽ֢ߵķֲ޾С󳦵ڣ޾СҲֳˡΪɹˡԴСģ͡ 

һᣬܽᣬ֢ϵͳ˸ı䣬ϵͳҲб仯֮ǰᵽHPAڷϵͳн۵ϵͳҲ˵һ׺ܸӵϵ١ϵͳ֮ϵܽܡ
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ׯģǳдԣʺܽ⼸ÿ۵֪ʶ㡣
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ׯߴӲ輸ƿ誣ûмſڡͷڹη磬ͷͶͮͮģ٣ͷең˫ֱյĶǺӡӣǴҴҸϻġ
Цţһ͸ӣ¶׾СݣʣˮĹâ칫ңƽĴӡ
ҪҪʲôٲôණԼŪúۡ
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²οף
1.ȣ֢ķƽչĴѧ־
2.ǻȣ֢ķƼоչʵٴҽҩ־2019238
3.ȣ֢ķƼоչй顣2019-10-24
4.Christian Otte,et al. Major depressive disorder.Nature Reviews. 2016.1.(2)
5.ֵȣҩҩоչйҩ־2020-05-11

 19 

˲ɳ, һʱ䶼ûڡ
ׯֳŶ˫ַϥϣʵɵš
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Լ, תͷׯַ£ӭԱ˵Ŀ⡣
ղ㡭Ϊʲôô˵誸ղŻһԼоֹΪׯ˵Ǿ仰
˵칫ΪҪ, ģ

ʲô
ǿ輸ϵѶ񲻽һ»ᡣ
һһŮ칫, 輸һѿȺƷ, ôеԼ, ׯ˵̸
Ҹղ֮ǰǸ⣬, Щƣͬʱеâڱĸо, ʲô˵һ
ôһ±е˵ˡ
ӦõһѶ͹°ȥԸô
ղ̫˷ܣһʱ, ʧ˷ִ硣
課뵽еաϰʱ, ȷʵЩס
ղųȥʱǸСǡļһôûֹ
ô죿Ҫôȣ
ׯ˼Ƭ̣, Ǿͬ¼
šӦ˵ֱ˵ңлͺãΪʲôϺ
Ժ϶ܶ࣬ڰѺųȥԺͶýˡʡ¡ׯͣҲǸղô˵ԭ
֮Ҫһ콲review˵֮иĿԺǼҳ㷹£˶еֲҲмٸ˭ʲô
ȻЩֻҪ˵ԭһԭ˵
ղŴſͲµᾪȣ뵽˺ȥ˵ҲԺа˵
誵ķܵӰ졣
ѧУȻԵĹϣǸ壬ְǾͻжթѨİԡ
ȻǷǳƽȵĹϵǹϵְƲһˣŮԵӺͶ
֮䴫κҥԣǶǶ課
¾ܷԶǰ̺δΪЩ¶ɸš
ղſĵЦݣŶһ̣ǳǳġ
һѶǰѡСʱ˰ϲ߷ǰЦⰻȻ˵ѡһġ
һ̣﷢ǣһӷǳůʪ󣬾ȴȵѵһ±ױȵϲ뼤ܶźһ̵õֲ
ֻҪסǰ˵ĳ嶯ܣ֪ұֻװƽ
ţ룬˵õɡԺһעɣȷʵеˡô࣬ҵʲôҲ㿪һ¡ԾûôࡣǸ˼ׯף΢΢Ƿ
ЩεׯͻȻСղĵľΪˣ誾ͻٶ롣
ȻǰŮó˼ͷʡзǳֱۣȴԭ
ʵ֮ǰע⵽̬ȵı仯ӦҲԼ˺ܶÿú˿ദľ档
ͱϿ£ʱſΣﶼһˣͲٶ룬ḺҾá
һǿĲѸͻ״
Գ֣Ҵͬʱůºͣǫò
֮ǰûŮ
һЩӴԭΪ˵Ĺϵһ㣬ٶֻǿ룬ںһ±ԭ㡣
ֿ
˻ᣬվׯʦæҲˡҽΪţһúø˽͵ġ
˵輸ϵͷȻղׯ˵̸Ҳ̸ֻϰʱ䣬ׯ칫ҺαҪŰ
ˣǲҪˣȻҲġ
誡ׯעĲ˵
ţ΢ͷ
ԵȣȷʵҪҪǲʱĻ̸̸ׯ˵
˻ᣬյͷ°ȥ
ʵʱ̸ҲУׯ״̬ȥԭǿԿһģΪЩõ䵣ǡ
һʱ벻õĽ취Ҫɢעټֵ
ׯƵ󣬴򿪵ļУһϴӡ
ȴļӡĿյׯ˫ֺʮϣͷ˼˻ᣬ̧עɳϵˣڣ誣һ¡
ţʲô
һЩָʵҵѧ˵ǾʵҪȻղ˵ˣǾ˳ˮۣôׯѧ֮ڳʵʵҺ¡һݡ
ã԰ЩѧҸԷ˵ŰѲ輸ϵİŵԼ
Щ͸ҵġҺϲ˷ׯĿƵؿ˵
ԸЩһݣҲЩ͸ˡĵһ㴦á
죬ðɡЩš˵ָŲ輸ϵʳ˵
ղŷɱȥ·ϣԼųĴӻ·ϣҪׯϲûҪЩˡ
ׯͷϵֻܿµùӡĻµļȡļװƹߵɳǰڿŵһ¡
ļݸ誣ŸһǹΣݸһ߳һ߿
誽ӹ
ׯǱʽȣ˿ڣϲϤζ̡ɬ΢Ŀִ΢֮ζ
調ļʱʱҧһеΡ
Ȼ֮ܰǰΪСֹĿᾲµŨĿ㽻֯һ
һҰȻ㡣һ̻һ延
˻ᣬϣ課ͷ´ν׼ѧߣ
šôһûʼׯеĿ˵
ƪλѧ߷£ͦ뷨һˡִһ·עˮµѧߡ誻һԼѧߵ˽⡣
ʵҲ·Щѧ߿ܺܶ궼һ·תȦһģʽӻ߼һЩڿ
ּõķӣǻ̽һּо˵ãܹЩڴºͻƵľ
ǣҸĿһ¡ׯͷ
ϴǳܵǸѧߣ㲻ˣһ߷ļһʡ
ǳִ˺ûҲû˭ڻѧۣԹ۵ͬˡ
ʱˡǵĴ󲿷ѧǹƶǸѧЩ˽⣬ҲеִٵȵȰɣԺĳɹ֤ܲܶʵԼĴԸԸ⵱̲һϡׯ˵Լ뷨
Ťͷ׼ѧûǽֻ֣
ѧˣʱⲻҪӢｻûѧϰԼĿôţرԷҪǻпֵĻܼѣѹҲܴ
ǣⱾԼĶ̰壬ʱҪˡƵΣ´أԺأ
ׯǿ͸˼֣ЪЪʱʣҺڴѧ߱ѵӡ
ͷƫһ࣬ЦҪѵΪ˻ðΧءҪҲܽΧѿ
ǲλӦûܿĿ˱һŮѵĳ棬ʧΪһȤĽ ׯͷЦҲ˲١
ҲһǸ棬ЦãҺú׼ȡѵǡ
Цˣ΢һЩ߳칫ң͵ǵģ
˻ὲ¡˻ᣬׯ˵λѧߵİ𣿡 
ҧεĶסͷɴۣǿһԱߵˡ
ׯ˵˵İԣ
ôʳ˼̻˾Ȼԡֳϵ
λѧʲôİֵׯ˵
Σһܵŵ࣬ſʣʲôԣ
֮ǰڹʵң˵ģλλ޹ϣʳסȫŰ졣йŻС
޹ϻðɣϼܶ˶޹ϡͷ˵ûֵðԵĶ
λʼ»оء˵˸ʶʱӶûкøСλŮʿϲʵҰʵˣλھ͸æרҵ֮ʵ飬ԼʵˡŮʿע
λѧͺܴˣԾÿ춼ȥʵ顣˸Ȥһ˵ʵˣſܾͻ
Ҽţܰʵˡ
ûׯЦ˵λ뱣ʼʶԵ֮ʱǷɡĩˣпİá
ׯ˵ͷ׼˵ʲôϵֻˣӵ绰
ȥׯ˵˵绰
͵ˣȥһˡӡ
調ӵ绰Ѿ̸ˣ뿪ˡڷ㶣ͼׯ˷ļת㿴
һãȻׯѾϵĺɫף֮ͳˡ
ûмſļ˼
ôСøַøĸ뿪ĸо
ڵûӦðɣҶǳˣ⣬ͺá
ǺܶⲨ
ںܿׯˣһ
ߵߣ£˼֡
ιηʵ𣿡
֪ͷ˵ʲôׯ˵Ұ칫һˡ
ܿׯ˵绰ɳߣȻʵҵѧЩȺƷõʵҷˡ
˴ӣׯ˵
ʦңηɰƿֻŰ֣˸ȥЩ
Ѳ輸ЩԵȥʵңָߺʦʵҵѧׯ
ηŲ輸ϣͷļ誣ʦá
á̧ͷЦ˵
ʵԺʦʵҽкȳԵ㶫øɻ׼ʵȴùϵׯ˵
ηɰ˿Ϊ˹Ҫۿ⡣ׯʦҹˣߵʱ͸˵ˣׯʦϸһЩԵ֪ʶһҪʦЩ׶Ҫ
Ժηڷףκο˿оԼ˸įͻȻӵ绰칫ң͸оԼͷˡ·ϣǴ㣬ÿһģﶼĬĬϣʦͬķϣ顣
ȻóԵģ˵ǣʦҪʳִǳķǺúøɻ
ηɸæߵ輸ߣһŵĨһɿ뿪˰칫ҡ
ʰһ²輸ϵĶ׼뿪
ׯ߹ʣµĿװã죬лл
ÿ˵ģͬ¼Էɡɳϵ
áׯӦҪһӴԸŹÿһᡣ
***
ߣηɻصʵңѶʵϢſ۴Ķתȥϸ䣬Ьףñӣ߽ȥ
һ̨ǰڸϸ󣬱䲻һ¼ҲŶ˶һЩϸȥˣɵ˳̨ˡ
ſ֣Ƭ˫Ŀðҧгݵ˵ηɣøһͣ
ηΪԼĽŲѾߣ˱˵ʵ飬Ҳе㲻˼ӣׯʦղˡ
ô㱻ˣ
ǵûСηɻ˵һ롣
߸оԼĺϵϸҪˣ𣬡¸Ͻ˵ĥĥ䣬ͲҪ˵ˣ
ׯʦһѳԵģ϶ϲ֮ǰǼҵꡣҽǸһʵϽȥԶη˺Զ뱬/ըģһ˵ꡣ
ţڣʰþͳȥն˵
ϸ仹м̨ᶼʵ飬ֱ̨߳ǰ˰ƿƿڶžƾƹһƿڣׯʦרŸԵİ
ηһˣֱ԰ʵңʵҲзݣׯʦ˵ˣԺҪʵҺʹңʿ׳ʿǰļС
ļٵİʻֻ˾䣬û뵽ǵķݡ
İׯʦġܶ࣬Ҹ߳Բ꣬ҵȥʵҽ˹ȥԡҲϽηһĵ˵
̨߳Ҳηɣʵأ
Ŷ˼ׯʦû˵ʵҡĿǰֻʵҺ
ҲʵҺׯʦÿ춼ڰ칫ңǿʱʦײβģǩֶҪҺüΣϹè󣬶ֱߵ˱Թ
ǺǣҪô˵ղŽӵׯʦ绰ҶˡΪ̸⣬һһ뷨ûУ׳׼û뵽һѳԵġԣţҪˣҪѹ˭֪ȴʲôһжõİšη΢ͷп
ϸһʱ֡ƿڴ
ηɣϽȥҵϸ챻ˡ
ҪҪҸϸʫ
һҺܵͲ˵ʹ´㱻ˣǵ֪ͨȥΧۡ

ܿ죬ʵҵʰϸŻط䣬ߵűߣ˿ñӺЬףֱׯʵҵϢ䡣
Ҷ֪ΪǿŴӣԼϲĶá
ʱյϢʵҵѧҲӵһʱϢַǷһ߳ԣһ߶֡
ſЦ˵죬չˣԺһˡ
һΣ֮ǰʵңһ¾ࡣ
ܿ죬вƲһЩƬȫǳԵġ
һ˷Ƭ滹༭İǿׯڸĳԵ~
˲䣬Щ緹ȥʳ~
ʳһ¹̳ܶˣҷ¥
Բۣȥʵһü𣿡
ңȥһʦ
ΪʲôԵ޹ʸԵİǮյûţ
ׯʦʵҪԺʿʵҺףɡ
ĹŹ֡
Ҽǵ֮ǰ̳ᵽһŮʦûǴĻǽ誰ɣǲǾԺʿʵҵʦ
һʯǧˡ
ԣǸʦԺʿѸߣʵҵ£ʵҵһڳˣӦôС¶誵ʦ룬ׯҪ誺
ԾܲԾŮʦׯߵƵе߰᲻ǲ֪鰡
¥ϵĽ÷ĺܶԣҲԼԼе㲻
Ҳ̫ľԱ˰ɡ񾭲ѧϵֻׯںԺʿʵо֢ʵк̫˰ɡ
ˣŮʦҲ̫˰ɣоʲô˶ռ˰
ˣҪŬϽҵȡڣ֮ҪӦƸѧУĽʦȡվׯߣ

***
ϻصңһ߷Ĥһˢֻʵҵѧ֣ܰµȦֶס
ׯǳԶԺҪׯںֱܸġͼʳ
Ȧµޡ
֪Ϊʲôһյʧ䡣


 20 

, 쵽°ʱ䣬誸ʵ飬ص칫, ׼ʰһ¾°ࡣ
ÿһÿΣʱʵ飬׼дreview, 鶼Ƚ˳ġӰҲһЩ
䣬ʼظ˼ʼ, ׼صԡ
ֻˣ, Цˡ
۰칫, Ҷʰ, ׼°ˡ
誾ûȥӵ绰컮ֻ, С˵ι, ˣ
ţͷ˵
誷˸ۣһס, 㻹ͦ
Ҫʲô˰ϴηƬ֣ҿÿ, Է
ʱ꣬ȻԷҪ˵һ¡誾бҪʱĳЩ۵ˡȻׯķŤ̫ˡ
ˣϻҪ°˰, Ͻ
һ誾֪ˣʱ϶ѧУˣǲ֪ʲôͳ֡
һʱûˣ֪ŮǸҥ˻ǸҰˡĵĻԿۣʱκľء
誴æ¥ʵ¥ԶԶһһ̨뺷ԵﭹĺɫԽҰ촽Ⱦɫ˲ͷ£һߣŸīֻ¶һ°͵ķֵŮˡ
ŵǣѮ¶Щ͡ףʱ괩Ǽɴȹһ̿ɫíƤпˡһȹڣ¶ֱȣ߾ԣ欶ˣֻȻĵĺ졣
ûߣӰóֻúʱ껹ûע⵽ʱ򣬿һ١
˿̾Ӱʦģյĳλģء˿ûӳӣȫﵱԼˡ
ֵ°߷壬ʱ⸱·˷׷ײĿЩ˸פۿ
ʱȻԵãΧȺǼ˴һ㣬һԼףһͷҪжڡ
ȻϤĺʱ꣬Ů
ƬЩε߳ȥ
ʱߴƿ̧ͷ̨׵誡
Цſ˫ۣų峯΢ӭӻعһ㡣
誶ŰԶվҪֱƵǱߣ
еͻȻЩ˵ľٶ
ʱûᣬǰһīƵգֱۣƯˣ㲻ʶˣСͬѧ
û調ڣʱǰһѱס׺ҰҰԵþòСͬѧ
ںʱһһ䣬٣У䣡
ʱЦģҿѵˡڳϿء
ȥк誸ղûע⳵ΪǺʱ꿪ġ
żԿһѵġȥʱ誶ߵ˵
㲻Ұ߻ңƿʱ꣬ЦŸ˵
ᣬ඼ϡʱں˵
ʱͬѧ㲻ҪŶ 誴Ķ
ǣҪǺˣνʾڣҳǽͷʱ˦˦ͷݺݵ˵
¡ߣȥԴ͡·㿪ģ򵥡誽Ȥźʱ꣬׼ϳ
ʱʻĳŴ򿪣һθߴˡһݣǾǰţǳϵĳ࣬͸Ƥһֲǵĸо
課Ծһһʱ䶼˴к
ʱЦˣָ˰誶ͷûϢܣѣʢ
ָǰ˵ʢ誣õѡҽýˡ 
ʱ˵ֵ꣬ƹͷ򳵵һߡ
ãϳʢ˵꣬ߵĳţһ롱Ķ
ллһЩִ٣΢Цŵͷǰһϳ
ʱʱѾӳһˣŮš
ʢϳ󣬿źӾλŮϵðȫ
ʱ꽿ĿۺӾ˶ӣϵ˰ȫ
մӰ칫ҳׯߵʵ¥̨ǰһֿĳסߣԭֻǿһ۳ɨˣ誡ʶۼʻ
һˡ
ܿǰʻȥׯջߣһ³ȥóֻ棬һϢллϡ
˰죬ջֻ
ôʣʲôʲôʣ
ڵĺʱĵûȣѹûע⵽⡣
è۶ˣ̫Ӱֵˡʱָ誵˵
Ҳ밡ʧû취誺Ρ
һʧߵİ취ٷ֮á
ʲô취˵ץźʱĸ첲ߴ١
ʱ׼ſڣȿۺӾת誶ߣ˵Ҹѣַӻᱻ۵˯šǳãҲûʧ߹Ϊʲô˵֮ƤãҲҪԭ򡣡
һ£Ӧ˲ͮ죬һƿ˼ɵڣЦҧСҲδ̫ˡҲɡ
ʲôܰϵ̥ëû꣬ƶʱû취ᵽζˡϧ
ϡȱġ誻ء
˵⻰ϽȻǽö⡣
ÿ̸ƵĻ⣬һͷϲһ߳ĬԣǶţ٣ɺ޼ա
һ·ںҧ
Сʱ󣬳ͣһҲǰʢͣ³Ťͷʱ꣬ȥҸطͣ
ã㿪һº䡣ʱ˵
³Ƶβʱ誽ӹһӣ˽
΢ЦķԱǰӴ
ԤԼ6λˡʱ˵
õģ鷳Ա˵
調£ʱڳɳһߣѹݸ誣򿪿ġȵ͡
ô˵˵誻ЦŴ򿪹
һİװϣ۵ĳƷưLogoƿӣ誾Цˡ
ʱϵһ㣬Ų˵ͷû̧Ҿ֪ס˸С׳һӡϲϲɫм֣ѡ֣ϲĻõר񻻣йСƱ
һִʽбɫͿʽһϲġ
ллϲ˵Ȳһӣһ״ƻƷ
Ҫˣԭ׼ȥ̳һ׻Ʒġʡˡ
ȻŮŮˣÿĿϡ
εûЦźʱСɾµĲǷˣɲˣҸתˡ
ķ˱Сơʱ˵ͷߴӲ˵Ų誣ҳôþΪҪ̸һ󵥣Ϳȫʬˡã˳¡
ҲУ׬Ǯûİ¡óֻ
С誣Ҫ򣬿϶ܸģҲԸġŮ˹25͵ôϵĿ졣ҵԣϵû죬ұͷ˽ǵҹʱ˵һù誵ֻϡ
֮ҪǵأͶʲʹˮƯۿźʱꡣ
ǣ誵˾ǳ֮ҲŲЩʱ꿴͸͸ġ
ܿ캫ʱ껰һתû۵ˣǻ̫ˡ۹ƷλҲ̫ˡһǵ֮ǰ˵ǸʲôţԣصһûзȡͷиһգԺõ˾ͲˣǸʲô
ؿһۣ˵Ҫ̫ˣҲŲҪҶҵ⣬ҸպϵˣǲǸԼô
ζٻͷڵܸܲáʱ˵Ѳ˵ݸ誣ûԵģ
ù˵һ߿һ˵ʢôȷҪˣ
涼ܺʡôǿԸĿǰֻסҡǲǶ磬ܵ˵Ժ˭Ҳ˵׼
ʱͣóʢˣ˶ĳɳϡ
ʱѲ˵ݹȥһЩ㿴ûԵġ
ʢֱֽ̧ԱãǵþС
調ڣͣ㡣
ʱЦе˵ɣҽǶǴ
ʢЦЦûٵ͡
ϣΨһԼͳ䵱ģغͷԱ
ʱߴߴ˵ͣĳ֧³Ŀںɫŵѡ㣬ĵĻ̫ˡ
˻ᣬ課Ųеˣ̧ͷ˵˼̫˵ˡ
ʢЦЦû£һͦĽ״̬ģиĵǺܿĵ¡ôʶ֮ǰʱû˵
ʱЦ調ۺʱ꣬ҲͷЦ
һʢ͸ˡ
ʱһֽ˰ǣ˿ˮָȻһ誣˿գʶ
Ĵ֣ʢ˫۸ϣ˵һڵ׼һ¾ע
ԣǳͷ֡Ƕ̷ǰͷɳˣץɹˡʱһ˵һ誵ͷ
Ц˺ʱһѡ
Ϊʲôʢ۲šŮ֮Ҳе֡
Ϊһȷе˵һСʱƵ˵
ʢɢؿźʱ꣬ʱϵӦ²ǵĹϵ
ǰѣʢѵ뵽ԼŮѹȥΪһ˴ܣﻹе㲻ζ
ԣѵʱߵ˵ʱ׷Ǹ˰ѧڣȷϵ죬졣ҾֻϷ誷ϢǾըˣֱӳ嵽¥£סһٱ򡣡
Ҳû뵽ȻŮ˳Ϊѡڨڨڡ
ǲ֪誵ϵϵ׷˿ɶˡ֮ǰ˵ûһ뵽Ҫˣ·ҺʱϣǱضȷѪ갡ʱ˵˿ˮصط±ӣ£Ǻܼ
ôΪѵģʢﻹûͷһţһֽ߳ʱߵӣղڱ˲䣬ˮˡ
㿴ƣҸҲûֵˣ˶סûˣҪ˵ķʽ⣬ڵġʱ䡣
誰ֻøҿԭǸǰѺ֮ǰɧˣһֱϢһֱûظΪյ̫ϢˡҲ֪ˡֲԸǸ¾ȥˡ
һͬѾۻϣˡҵʱȶˣеȥһУ㱻ռˣ誰ҡҵʱͶŮе档ӣ˼ûˡ
תΪѧУ̳ҥ誽ŲNֻҾͷͬѧѷ塣
˵Ҳ棬Ťͷʣô֪ûнŲNֻǵʱҲûϵ
Ǵ㲻Ǹҿֻ˻ӡ㲻ֳ￴ڹŮ˵ǻôߣ̳ᵽǼֻҾ͸о㶼ۡһǷ飬ԾҪ㡣
Ҿ㿴Ů˱ȿ׼Ц˵ճھ;òԾ̧ۿ۶ġ硱ʱսľЩ͵˵ʢ磬˵㣬ʱ곤۹Ҳˡ
ʢ˵죬ҡ
ʱ꣬䴽ãȻҲʱꡣ
誸æͷӳԲˡȻǲ
ʱЦúܻ֣֪ҰæŪҵϵʽлңϵˡ˺ܶమú͹۵㶼ơԽԽϵҲԽԽ
ұƱҵȥˣǰֱо׶ΣѣϢߵ˯߾Ͳãÿ˯šŲסңȱˣͬ͡ӡˡ
ԽԽܡϵõѧУ˻ϧֻȤʱ˵ﻹеϧ
ʢ˵ͦġ
ʱϣҪƭ誾쪣ʵǸСңǸŮˣʵס˸ˡ
ʢЦעŶˣʱ꣬С
誼в˵Ķ£һƤҪҪιһѡ
ʱֲ֧˶һǣȻתͷ誣誰ûи˾ŮСǰ˳ǿ͸кøС
誼ͷǻΪҫĹߡ
ǣȵȡ
Ůôݹ
ׯܰɣǺ顣ûоԼ˼֮ǰ˵ͬ¹ϵ
ϴǸŮһǸᡣ͸Ů˶ǡŮ˶ǡ˧硱ôֵĳƺһ
;誳ȥϴּʱ׼ȥˣ֪ѾǮˡ
ų극ʱصȰͻС˳վ˻ᡣ
С˵˵򵥵𣿡
ʢûȥ򵥣һҪ԰͵£ȥϽȥϢҪԼѹ˯ߵá ʱ˵Űŵ
ʱ꣬ϽƣҸо/ζ治誵ôߡ
㻹˰/ɣһʱỹ㡣ʱ
˻ŷֿ
***
ʮ㣬ʵ¥13㣬м칫һŵƣ˿˻ԣֵͷֻػغüΡ
ӳе㷳ƣעҲܼС绰ҲڡôùϵΪڡ
֮⣬ûʲôϵ¡̣ô졣
ղȥˮ·Ǽۺϰ칫ңŴգһƬڡ
ҲǣʱôӰࣿ
ùֻЩƵĵ㿪Ȧ
ϴҽԺ㻤̣ȦȻʱֻǿĻݲݣҲרŵģ˲ȷʵЩ
漸ûЩʧ䡣»˻߶סе㼤վֻϸ˱顣
ллλĿ@Ů@ʢ硣
СʱǰȦ
Ǹ˳ȥġ
Һá
ƿһЯŻһϵķƾʹɢ


 21 

ĩ, ڼﲹߡʵ˯ò̫ãΪûԼŹҲûоۻ, ڼ͵Ե㶫, ˾ɻȥ˯ž˯˯Ϸ
ʺ˯, ¶ˣҲůĶô, ű, ɢڴϻɳ, ľú
ˮ, Ƥ๾ˮ֫ٺͨ˳, ԴҲ߹Ĳǵϲ
ʶΧˣ, ֵʱ̫࣬޾ķ¡
֪Լĺ˵ǲˣʱܷĵ׵ĸе㡣Ȼкܴȱź, ǻѹһᣬӵйĶůһ
ʱԼҸ˷иϲˣһĵĸԼС
ֻ
ʮ, ڴ⡣ʱûٸ̸µ׻ҪԼȥġ
˯˸ʧߵ׼ùƽԣڴϿ
֪ô˯ȥˣֱѾˡϲӮˣһֵÿĵ¡
Ժ˯ǰĳ˵ҪƱģҲ֪¿ס
µһܿʼȻ룬űӹȦ˯ˣҲǿϴ
ʱ仹ǾȥСԸ緹мһĵꡣ֮ǰǼҴҸȥϰ࣬Ը緹ʱȥ
ѡ˼˽϶࣬ȥɾĵ꣬һһһСӣһҶŲ̣˸ĵط¡
һ·ҵĶһ԰ɫһɫӻ涷޵Ŀš֦ïŨ񣬳ϼӡ˰죬ˮˢҶҫ۵ٺâһѾкܶڹ԰Ľ˶
֮ǰʱ껹˵ԼҪŬҲҪ԰ŵ̫̫ΪЩү׷Ķ
ʱԣһҶҪΪԼʵĻš
һ㣬Լøá뵽򴽣ͷ˿ڶٴתʱҰһϤӰ
ܲׯ
ߴ޳Ⱥиۣһɫ˶װƵˣԡ£⡣¶صĸ첲ԡСȼҲǳÿ˶Ŀͷ
Ƥ֬Ӧúܱ΢ԭֳˡ
ԣͺ֮ǰϻƵһ鼡⣬ȥʿεģأƴҶǵס鼡֣Ů
誱ԼͻԶһѹֺʱ˵ż֣˿̾רһߵܰʱô뵽ʿΣǴɷ羰
ٴοʱԭ˳·ܵڲԶĺ̵ƴͣ¡
иŮڸ֪˵ʲôֻׯҡҡͷŮûټ֣Щ˼ץŰͷ첽ˡ
̵ׯ˻ᣬ߳ߡ
誵ͷ緹˼ӣһϤͳ֪ǲ˶ԭƽʱĶ˷ɳƣͬʱЩȻ
յĳֵ粨һԾͦͷ̧ͷþͶ˫Ц۾һĨЦ
ЩȻĳ죬Ҳ֪ǲǸղԶ֮͵˵飬ûüӡ
˵ͷǴк󣬼ͷСڳ
˼ӣһ䣬ʦƴ𣿡
԰̧ͷŲһԼĲ̣ڳط
ׯº󣬡ô磿
˯˾ˣأ˶ꣿ
ţ경͡ׯºò̫ףɫسŲŲӡ
˶꣬˺ູܶԾûкŵζ֪ǲͣߣһžͿ誣ûŴȥˡ
誾쵽ĶҲܲµôԭ򣬵ǲÿ˵ʲô
ȷʵй˶ζǺܺţйɵʪĻ㣬һʱûֱղڹ԰ܲģĳԡ¶ϴˮ
ĩôׯ˿ڶʡ
˯˯˳ԡ˻誼
ױôҲˡ
ţҿ˰볡˯ȥˣϲӮˡ調ĵ˵
ϲˡҵ±ȣϲİҪ/ɱˡׯ˵
誵ӣׯӡ֧ǰС
ǻԹõĶսôҪ˵̫磬ǰԿûš
һ֧ӵ۱Ӧǽţ໥ߣǻãȽǵۡ
ˣĹҵ±ĩ賿һ𣿡ׯ飬˵־òףæֲϣҸһԼ˵ʱһ˺ܶ࣬ҲŮһô
誺˿ڶӣϸ룬̧ͷһգǰԣѶǻԣо̫ðɣ
ϴ򳡣ѿڶԼǰԣǸ䳡ǵú
ʱְܿܳ򣬾һ˻ףӭһԵӡһȺףʱһơǳеϢ
ҲǻԣһЩǰԺԣҶ⡣ׯ͡
룬ڶûҪ£Ҿ͸һɡڻȷʱû¡
ʱ˹ڶ賿У࣬ͨˡ
еѲ࣬ҵĿ֯ĻᣬҲһĿȡ
ãʱ㡣ׯû뵽һ绹ջ񣬵ͷһСĻȣ˿ڴĶһůġ
緹Լİׯǰ棬ţȳȥԼϣš
˲վʮ·ڵȺ̵ƣѾ߷塣ܴҲܶࡣȻʱѾ̵ƣǿԹ·ˡ
ǰ治ԶҲһ̵ƣ·Щͨĳᱻͣ˰ϡ
Щ·˸ȥϰ࣬ڰߵĳдСֱ̧·ȥѧУʱ䲻̫ԣȻ°ûдƶȣʱɣϲٵ
Լ涨ģϰʱŬ°ˣͶѧУ
ʱϣ͹˺ȷĽޡ
̧ԱߵǰżٵȵȣкΣա
ȷʵΣգҪ׷β˲ɲʱпܱײ
誵˵ͷļȺ̵ơֱһ̵ڿգ˲ǰߡ
ֻԭֱߵׯͻȻһųֱˡ
ߵ·мˣֱ복Ȼʮ·ڣߴֱгתĳʱҲǿͨеġ
վ복Ǳߣ档
̧ͷһۣɫȻͷעתĳǷߣ΢ĽëӢͦıķǳɾ°ͣǰ¼鷢һӲʵࡣ
޿ޡ
ʱĹ߳㵫ۣʺաѾַŽˣֻֻա
֣ϴ˼ƬǴŲͽѧʵġڸ˵㣬͵ģʡ
˺ܿ찲ȫͨ·誱˼
·վֱߣûʲô֪˺ϸġϴ칫ܾ쵽ϴһ
ѧһϽղЩ֮ǰľٶϽݺ񲻶ԣӦɡ
ӣׯСſڣ誸ѧУ
ѧУСܹ󣬵課뼷߷ĵ򹫽ʱʵӰ࣬رѡ˸С
ʱ֪ڸͣࡣʦĹʲߣٶԱѧ˵ҵܵ͵ˮƽ
課ԼԸ໨ǮԼҲûҺڵѹʱҵϴ󡱸һǮȥҵΣ͸ıҵ
һֱڡ
***
ȵ㵽ѧУȥ칫ҷ°һʼȥʵҡ
һʵ飬ϹƵüӻ࣬ٳʵһ콲εݡ
ϰ״£ס֣׼ʵ飬ʵҵĳˮˣҪȥϵƱˮķˮ
ʵǸ18ɫˮͰ¥ˮҪһʱ䣬ȥԱߵƬ￴˿豸ԤԼʹҪƬˡϵﹲõ豸ҪǰԤԼ
ԤԼְʱζԤԼˡԤԼдׯ
ףʵ飿ûϵʵ飬һ㶼Ǽְƣ£ҪĽʦ򸱽ʵ顣һ㶼ָѧĿչ³ʵ顣
誷˷ԤԼѻŵʱԼˡʵ鲻ˣⲿֽʵз򣬲źü
صˮ䣬ˮˣæ˿ءųˮͰ˵ݿڣʵЩͰˮͰ˵ϵȵݡ
ݿ쵽ˣˮͰ׼ſ˾ͽȥ˵
˵ʦá ʺõׯѧηɡ
á誳ˮ֡
ηɼ״æ˵ʦˮŵϣõʵҡ
ݿڵʵȷʵжξ룬ʵҵѧæ̫á
û£ùȥ
ηɺģãģ˵Сһ
˵䣬ͣˡʵЩηô飬Ͱˮ˵ݿڡڴǡ鷳ˣлл
ƽʱʵҴˮ誼ˮѧǻûʵңԼˡ
УȥСϳҪʵûŮҲһܷѾ
ηɰæˮൽʵңʵ̨ϲ뿪æл
調ʼҺ׼ӡʵ顣һ춼ʵ顣ʵҪ졣ξ͵ͣ
緹ƶˡ
ģеӾмһЩʱ׼׼һʵĲġ
ϴȺƼһҲһꡣҵ
Իĵطʱ׼ȷƽ̨ѡܾȷͲʱ䣬ĿںҲͲǰ15ӣⵥ
Ⱥ@ӷ
ĵƼһЩĲƷ
調ۣòµˣѡ˸ʵͲʱ䡣
žȥ׼һʵҪĶˡ
ҺpHֵһбֻû졣ղ´绰ѾģʽΪˡ
óֻ£ûϵʱѾѡʱˡһʵҲҪʼˣеżˡҪʵ飬ͱȽ鷳ˡ
ѧУճߣ͵ѧУˡߵУſһһͦʱġ
ϵһµʱƽ̨Ķһ绰ʲôʱ͵
绰ͨ˵Է˵Ŵһ¡
ǵӾѾˣϣϽȡȻ᲻תĤ
Ԥʱʮˣûе绰
֪ʵ飬Ǽȡֲȷĥˣġ
誸ɴҧ׼ʵˡ
׼֣绰ˣףӵ绰
ˡ
˵ӾǵĵԴ˰״£Ϣϵףһ·һߴߡ
صУſڣһ׵Ա࣬׵ӡҲûԱ誾ͳ˱Լֻš
˭֪Է̬Ⱥܲõش˵ղƽ̨绰ˣ
е£ǵ˵ͷ
žǶԷͷһٴ֪֪ղŴǸ绰ҿ50ǮһͰ׸ˣֲǲͣ·ϳ̫࣬һī˲ʱ䣡ôܴ绰ߣЩôΪһ£
ʱ״סֻԷƤѵ촽ɿ˵һ󷬻ɫҲ֮ǰͨ죬˫۲Ѫ˿˫Ҳ˺ܶСڡ
ڵ˵꣬СͣҴ绰Ͷߣֻȷʲôʱ͵֪绰ǮҪ֪ҿ϶򡣡
˵Щʲôðƽ̨ѾҵǮһҪˣͰ׸ˣԷ˵ţڵشӵ綯ĺó誡
ܿ쿪ȥ
תļ鵰ġղԱŭԺС
ӷŻͷЩᣬ۾еǣԼЩԩúõôͱһ٣
ԴŽŲʵ¥£ԽԽί黹ͦõģС˲͵ȥˡ
ͷĬŽ˵ݣص칫ңڹλϡ
ˮ˿ˮ黹Ǻܵͳơ
Уʲôһ顣
״̬Ҳʵ顣
ߵ¥ݼ䣬ֲ֮ǰϵǸƽ̨绰
ιãǸղ͵ĵǸˣֻβXXXX˵
ã͵𣿡ǸղǸԵӦͬһˡ
͵ˡڴ绰˵Ҳ֪ղҴ绰ԱǮܲܲǮ
й涨ģԱԼҲͷòػء
ҸղĲͶߡ֪ҸղҲֻ˴ʲôʱ͵ûбԹܲܰҸղŴ绰ͨ¼ɾĻƽ̨ǲǾͲ֪Ҵ绰ͲԱǮˣЩ٣ȡһ¡
ͷЦЦãҰͨ¼ɾ
ȷԱǮ˰ɣİɣٴȷϡ
ԣûͶ߼¼ˣǮˡͷ˵
õģлл΢һЩ
Ӧ˵лл
Ҷϵ绰誾ûǲԾرղԱȥƤڵƤ˪
ƽһͨ˸ղԱ绰Ǹֻ롣
ιãǸղѧУſȡǸŮ誱ԼϢԸоͷһ¡
ܸоͷһ½誸æ˵Ҵ绰˵ҸղŸƽ̨绰ˣ˵˵ǮɾҴ绰ȥļ¼Էˡ
绰ͷкķ͵εεŴһлл
ԸоԱһ£뵢̫ʱ䣬˵첻˼ˣϣ鲻ҪܵӰ졣ټ
⻰Ҳ˵Լġ
Ҹղŵ̬ȲãǸлл㣬ټŸ
Ҷϵ绰誵źЩ
绰վ¥ݼĴǰ˼оղŵƺίɢòˡתߣʵҾ¥㣬¥ȥС
ͷһ㣬̧ͷ⧲谵¥ݼ仹иһϮµˣŵ˺һ
誵ɴۣǰˣһ£ׯʦôлûѹȥľһ˿֡
͸͸ׯǣָ
ţһ£ˡ˳֣۴뿪ţ΢紵ĵһ˿죬ʹƮɢ
ׯ˲誵һͷ߹˳ŷ磬Ǽŵ㡣
ׯ̺ηʵ飬豸¶Ȼûȫѧǰ׼һСʱ䣬͹͸͸˼⡣
誸絽¥ݼ䣬绰ȫ̡ͨߵ˵ݣƳȫò
ͨȫǳòЩί
бȽϳܶ˿ܲ˵䣬ûУ˺κˣģҲԸ
ôôŮ
Ůپϲ


 22 

תĤ, ;һСʱĿʱ䣬誸æ¥ذ칫ң׼Ե㶫, Ϣᡣ
ߵλϳĵһݴõķˡװһŵɫǩֽ
д, 극ʵ飬ҪǷˣҰ칫ȡһֱڡ
½ׯ
ɫвּǳƮ, ˮһǳɵһ֡
ֺƯ誰ѱǩֽ˺, ƽķ, óֻ, Ժý˼Ƭ
ں湤λͬ´, С˵ׯڸġ
, ֪ллʵûʱȥʳãʵׯ, 鷳Ҵ誵ڱ˸ɡ
ʵûׯ¥ݼҲû
Ѿһ㣬ֱ, е¶ȡʱʱ䣬ȥׯպҲܳԡ
СĴ򿪴ӺͷУͬ¡
һ׷, һţ⣬һˣһգһƿ֡
죬˽ʵһֻԹηȹһξơ
кǿĹ۲˼
˿ȵ׷ůģϸϸ׽Ʒ΢΢𡣳ųֿԽԽ󣬾Ǿúܿģġ
龭һɽѾתˡݣʣӯڡ
һ߳һ߻ʶʱ䡣
˳μĲ죬ûֵ¡ʱǰΧˢڸУѻıϴ󷽷ɣһдreviewлӴĶ
ôһ룬ܶࡣ
Ҫôллأ
һٷ񲻹
ټһտ
ͷϲʲôɡôһʽл񡣲ܰôô
ԹѿִʵҵϢ䣬ʵ϶Ժһڡ
һ֣һʵ飬ֿĵķΧУʵҲıȽ˳
ʵҵĿϣʵ̨ýųŵأǱߣ͸һʵҺϲ¡֡
㣬ʱȽϺˣ誸ׯһ
ԣллׯʦͶι~
ׯڽѧʵ飬ֻ𶯣óۣ΢䣬β˺
Ҫǲգ誵ĸԣԺˡ
һߵ߱Լʦղһı龪ˡղŻһĽͺηʵšһֱսսģԼѧᡣ
ׯڽʵʱĺϸ
ʱʱη˱˰ʵ飬ȥ˰ȫ̸߶ȼעٺҪӵ²ܸϣһ̶и
ׯڵɫһֱ࣬ǻΪʦѧϰԸղʦɶıΪѧᣬչ
һ룬ׯְޱǽĲ衣
ѽѵղǲˣʦЦһ°βôԡ
úѧҪˣֱԽʵľкܶࡣ
˼ѧϰ
***
ϣʵ飬ڰ칫׼Ͽεݡ֮ǰѾ׼һЩׯЩϺһֱѧϰԼеĿμмḻݡ
칫ҵͬ¶°ˣֻһڣԾͿշ֣һ·Χ
һֱϾŵ㣬ȷϿεݶ׼ˣʰ°ࡣ
ݵʵ¥£УſߣŻƵ·ƣԶиӰׯŽˣȥ˵лл
Ѱڼϣڰ칫ұƽЬʵͻƽЬ°඼Ǵ߸Ь·Ƚ䡣
һҪ׷ȥͲܲ˵С
УţǰıӰ۴ԶʱΪԼټܸˣûһСʯͷ
Ųȥ˲;Ҫ⣬Ѿˣֱ̫ǰˤ˳ȥſ˵ϡصһŴ¡
ƵĻһҹյĳġ~
ſڵϵָֻͷٸӳͷȥһֻ
ôô˰
ѣ
ǰߵׯһֵġʶתͷͿſһˡ
˼ȥҪæ𣿡
룬ҪϽߡʵ̫Ǳˡ˭
ͷֱһ׼װȻƻۡղʶֻס־ͲɱڵĦһ¡
˼룬ļ£Դϵû£ҪȥҽԺ𣿡
ҽԺ
װȥˣ˵˵á
ׯϸ۵ϵˣ·ͰϤʱͫ誣ôˣ
³⣬ֻϷҶּæﲻڽоȻ
誰Դֱۼ΢΢̧ãҾˤһӡ˵޲ҧԾ
һͣȻˤɹʺ
һׯǰ治ˣһû˰
ұׯʵڲһһ佻ˣ֮ǿûˡ

ƣ
ſŵƣȰ͹ļ㷭ʵֹɣ
Ҫһ¾СһׯҪǸ棬̫ˣܽܡҪһ˿
̶һӣʵǰˤ·̣ûˤ˲ҪˣҪһҪÿ
ׯȡ°ȣҸ첲ϥڵϽ˵ӣׯס첲
ղŵеԻʹĵۣ̲סˡ˻һ
ׯûվȣһֱץĸ첲۾´ʣۣ
誶·ƣ̯֣·ƼһƣȻֶƤˣ˿ڻһЩϸСʯͷ
ׯҲˣɫ䣬ˣȥҽԺﲻ๡
ҪҪһȥУƤ鷳ҽؼǴϣʵڲȥҽԺڡ
ׯܣ漴˵ûˣû˵ԡ
תתֻ󣬡ûУû¡
ҷȥǱߵϢׯָԶĽֱߵĳΡ
һֱӻȥɡ課ׯΪʲôҪĽûˣ߻ȥС
ȥ£ȥҩҩֶˣԼû
ӵĵ˵ͷ첲һֱţᱻĶеۣǸԼ߹ȥ˵̧̧Լ첲
ׯʶվȡɿ
Ǳֽ˶Դˡ
ֻ̯֣ߵ˳ǰ׼£ֱׯֹȵȣҲһ¡
ʵղŸ180ܽӴʱ·Ūˣʱ಻ѾҪˡ
ׯûô룬ֽ𣿡
ׯݵǰ˵
˫ڲʺڰ﷭ȥ
ֽ治ǵˣܴмڳĴÿζӣһÿҵС޲ðԴȥ
ɫѿׯȻҪ㲻Ļң
誵ͷûм˵ĶòڣȻ治˼ׯİȻѧҽģǻеŤͲ˼
ׯڰͷ˻ᣬҵһֽţ˲ӣڿˡ
͸һƴӡ
ׯִӰҵ誵ֻݸֻȥҩܿϸҴ绰
·ϻвٳеϿյġһµϣû·µӰУεӰֻȥ·Ϳˣðһ˷ﲻס
誵İұȥû誻شǰ
һʱɵۣۿһʱЩͣͷЩ£˿˵ׯʦ治ãʱҶ·ȥͦȫġҪǲģҸ߹ȥ·
СԹҼƵһȥ
˼ֻڲʡ
˻ᣬׯվת˵ֻҪһ㺦¾͸Ҵ绰
˫ͷ
ׯûīţ첽˶ҩ꣬ϵǩƾɴȵһЩĶ
ȴ˵ĹУֻ͸ҩĲſֵȻ誡
ɨ븶Ǯߣһֱš
ʵе֣֪֮ǰ誼ӰൽҲ߻ȥʱûкܵģϾѧУסСܽ
ˣһҪʲô£һ㷴ûС
ԽԽģţ̨ϿӰµӰ΢˿
һֱߣһ˫ȳһ̨ϣҲ̤ʵࡣгɫµ˿һƼĴ紵°һǣݵ߹
һʱۻ㽫һصе֮ǰûֹġһʱе㸴ӡׯܿ쵽ǰ˼ջ
ͷЦ˵ɣû¡
ţҸ˿ڣеۣ۵Ļ˵Ҿ㡣ׯԱߣϴ򿪣ֵֻͲóķ̌ͷһۣ˵˾䣬Ҫ¡
ͷһۿһȣеģæͷ˵ͷ
誾֣ׯ㣬ǳϸỺǩ˿ڣһֱû֫ӴСĵıܿ
ͷ˿ʱܿһ΢Ľë˫ƤŨܵüëĶͷ׵Ƥ
밤úܽŵľ㣬ϴŵһǹ԰ģζʹõˮζɡ
һ飬ֵֻͲ˵ĵطϸһߣȷûвСʯˣ˸ǩһƿˮ׼ϴ˿ڣ̧ͷ۾ۣҪҧҵĸ첲
誱ЦãͲҲ̵ס
ׯûԥⲽǱҪġ
պˮǩ˿ڵ˲䣬Ʋͷۣ죬ŤˣһֱͣٶȺܿ죬̡
ܿ͸еһ紵ŤͷͿׯ˿ȷ硣
һһķ磬ĸо
˻ᣬׯ˵ֹȾͿһ˿ںˣþƾĵ
Щҽѧʶ誶˵˱飬ҪһĴ̼ˡ
ͿõһЩɴý̶áִһֻֻ֣˱Ƚᣬ֮ͿУҪ
꣬ùҽƷʰãװһרŵĴ
첻ҪˮҪϴ裬ͰñĤʵбĤǵûɴ˿ڲҪȾԼҸ㻻ׯֶϸڡ
룬ĸһ˸ˡ
ׯʦлл㡣ԭҪ˵仰ֶǷ˸顣
û£߰ɣȥϢĿҪҸϣѿμҡׯʰ
誴ţһʱû
Ҳ̫˰ɣʲô뵽ˣֱͷ˿֪Ϊʲô֢ˤһӣƤô˿һ㰡
ׯƽǰ۾գ㶵˵
ţׯʰֶסŤͷƯĲһι⣬ƺȫ
Ȼֻ֣лһ±Ծսеǩ
Ƕ˶ô𣿡ƽʣе㳬ˡ
ǣûôáׯ񣬹ƽػأϼʰһһ±ĵĸЩƺҪͱˡ
ʵԲùңһȥ˿Ҳ¡誼˵Ȼǳ䣬ʵʾ䣬ׯ˼
ׯսеĵƿƿˣȥ誵ĲԭҪϵĿƸ㣬֮ҪһдҪ˶Щ
ԭ˵Ļȥˣǵׯ
ڻʱһԼ
૵˵еƣµϣһеܣеʧ
šǻȥɡûˡȻǶûѹסǹɳ嶯ˡʮ꣬һʧ顣
߰ɡ˵
ׯıڵϳӰﾾܣ˰סˣȱѪȥ
лҪ˵԰꣬еģҲеġԶˡ

 23 

Сſ, ˵
誳Ĭ߽ȥӰСֵסׯת·
誻ؼ, ȥ˹޿ֳϥɳϡ߿տյĿ컨塣ԴеңҲûоʲô, е㷳ꡣ
һ½췢£ׯ緹ˤ, ֻͬ¹ϵ
ׯɿ, ǺҲܻôǸһ뷨
󲻳, ǻˤ, ǻԲôкᡣ
ׯˡ
ȷ˵, ͬ¹ϵ
Լˡ
е̸ˡи΢Լһ£͸жС
ǰϲ 
ȷ
һʱҲ벻, ֻա
ׯǸϴҳĤ, ˵ְʵʵȥϴ衣
ֲ̫ͼĨĨƷ, ɴ˯
ʧߣôʧߣѾ״ˣԼȥ˯, ҲΪ½ģ̹ȻԺͽܡ
ۣſԴ˯ŵĲʱľСҪһ졣
ϿΣȥʵ飬ʵЧ¶Ҫ
ӣѳ˯壬˸𴲡
ţݵ󣬰ϵɴ𿪣óֲһ飬ûٰɴˡ˿ڿиȾӣѧǰ
˵㣬׼ʱʼϿΡѾϹÿΣклҲᳵˣ״̬Ƚɳڡ
PPTչʾϿεݣ֢ߵҩơ
ѧѾϤPBLϿģʽܻ˵Լ鵽ϡ
֮ǰ֢ķƵʱ˽⵽֢һֶϵͳеļ֢ҩĿǰƳҩ
ҲΪʲôЩ֢ҪѴѳҩԭ򡣡һѧɥ˵
ʱ廰ǣʵҪԭǶʶҽѧоҪõĵطΪ˷¶¡ϣҽѧҵ֢İеͷЧøСҩֶΡ
課ϿΣѧǾͽɥСʱϣʿ
ҩҲ˼ࡣ˵һ𣿡誰ѻ
һ࣬ҩϿҩҩҪ񾭵ʺͶӦ塣5-HTȥȡƼ5-HT1A弤(ݻͪ)һҩҪ֢֢鷢Լ֢
ѧǰѧ֪ʶ䣬ʵ֢ߵĵʷڼ٣ҩԻʼԼǿͻĹܣﵽá
誳ͬ
һҩ5-HTȡƼֵ͡ȣ5-HT1A弤׵ƽƽͪһҩҪ˫ϰ֢֢ͯԼ֢
½ѧ䡣
ڶ࣬ҩϿҩҪղᵽ5-HTȡƼ̪֡͡͡ȣϿҩ򡢰µƽƽǱͪ˾ȣض֢Լ֢
֢࣬ҩϿҩ廹5-HTȡƼ(͡)ϿҩĪມƣ֢
࣬ҩѪܼҩSSRI ȡƼ(̪͡)Ѫܼҩມ͡з͡ĪƽĲк֢Сض֢Ѫ֢ȡ

۵ѾеӦӲϾˡ漰ҩ̫֮࣬ǰѾϵˣοεPPTĺġѧǿܲ鵽ҩPPT
ÿһ࣬ͰPPTӦĵطѧǽһЩҩﱳû֮ǰ۵֢ƺڵҩܶӦϣ˳ǹһ֮ǰ֪ʶ㡣Ҳܸͼ䡣
Ĵ࣬һЩҩ5-HTȡƼ(͡)״֢о֢״Ů֢
һȽϺ⣬֮ǰ۹Щ֢ߵļ״ٹܽͣʱʹü״ҩȷĴʽѧ֮ǰϿݡ
ЦŵͷҩҩԵҪ񾭵ʺ塣ĿǰҲһЩѧоҩ֢áЩҩҩԻ֢״в鵽𣿡
ҵʱƪףȽϸȤʹ˽һ¡һҽҩ5-HTȡƼ͡͡Чʱ䣬ҸƷ͡ڲĽ֢״

ϴҽۣʱʱ廰ܽᡣ
ղֻҩǴҪס֢ҪƳ̷ҩһҩ2-4Чʹĳҩ6-8ܶûЧʱҪʱҽʹõҩĿǰоԼ 2/3 ЧĲƷ
Ҳͬ˵֢״ͷԭͬҩҪǳ廯ҩ֢ЧͲܲ˵ķãܸôҩЧ⣬һҪȥרŵҽԺϸ飬ҽƳ̷ҩһǿ

Ҹݻߵļô߻ؽ̨PPT֡
ϴοѧķʽοͬˡׯЩġҲ֪ǲׯԼİΪû͸¶κϢ
ÿ꣬誾ûȫ̴ҶڻۣЩѧźܶϣҲڲͣǱʼǡ
Ȼƽܿģһ⡣
ҷ֢صĹںź˺ܶ࣬רҵġϸĺ٣ԺҴ¾񼲲о߳ΪҽϣܳһЩһЩԴõרҵָƽ̨ٴҡ
ϿεѧҽѧԺԺϵԺеĺܶ˶ҽҵϣʶ
Ҳĥ¡ȥϿһķʽⱥŵˡѧϰһЩ֪ʶϾĿǰ֪ĺܶණ۲档
ƻȥһѯʦ֤Իֹ۵״̬רҵ֪ʶȺЩ΢
***
ΣʵңʵʣµĲ֡ҪеͬʱҲڴ
ⲿֽҪغʵԼ֤һܹؼļ衣
ӻ԰ȥֻˡ
ó˾Цˣֻ˵ϴ㻹أ
Ŀô绰ͷʡ
ܺãܳɹѧǺϡһڽ·һ˵
ãһڻҸ㽱Ҫ̫ˣҵһʧߵҩ䷽ҩˣҿݸ㣬ǵðʱȡ
ҩȣȣ̫ˡͣ½Ųü죬Ұͷ·ӼŨҩζ
صؿ䷽࣬һЩʲݻһЩϡС誣ʱҩȻʧߣļ½кܶಢ⡣һΣͷԺȰ⡣
Щ꣬ԹܶߵķЧ΢ϴҲһֱڸ취
ͷѾ͵С֣ɹ˻ᣬðɣĸҰɣһȵġ
绰ͷ˵Щһߣһ߰ţʱʱӦÿ춼ϴϵһϡ
˵ݿڣҪȥˣ˵ϴҪˡȥʵ顣ٸ˵ǵðʱԷҪ̫ۡ
绰ߣŰݣŵȻʵ鰲ţϲǰԺģһʵ飬ʱͻ˳֡
***
ݵ13㣬ͣ£調Ͻǵ֣׼ݡ
򿪣һ£߳òشкׯʦá
ׯüͷ΢ߴƵϣüͷĸˣûɴ
ðˣûȾллˡƽ͵ׯ
ҿׯͷֱֻ֣ܿ
̫ţȻ·ƻ谵ĲǷǳ˿ǲƤԱˡ̫һϾͺá
˫ָŰǰ΢Ц˵ˡҲѧҽģ֪Ҫɴ
ׯû취ȻЦŸ˵ֿЦݣĶԴԼ˵罻ǣûһ˿¶ȡ
Ŀôׯ˸⡣
Ҹоáллׯʦ֮ǰϡʱش
˵仰ֿ̧ׯʦҸʱ䣬ˣͷġ
ׯͷ
ǷǰߣҲ˿֪Ϊʲôһ˿˿κͲڡ
ӦôʵģǸ˼̫ˡʲô뷨Ҳˡ
Ȼ˲ֱ̫Ůʱ꾭²һ㣬ػغ˼
ׯͬںԼ˵ǷоԼ˺ܴ谭֮ദѧ̫ˡرԼϲŮʱԼΪ
յ˯Ҫ誷Ϣһ£ʱѻ˵ôôͶԽԽڣӵĴ˵
ԼĹ滮Լ誵ġǸղ誶̬ȣ˼ǲǲӦ
й滮һĺʹݣֻԼ誣һʧԹ滮ĺϸ
֪ܲܰļƻʵ֡ѹǮ²һ˵ĳ嶯ûУĹġ
ʵʧص־޴ĻҺУÿ¼ƻãһʵ֡ƿУҡ
ǣĿǰ
ƾʲôҪĹ滮ļƻ
ôõŮǵѾˡ
ԻҪʲô
뵽óֻһòϵ˷Ϣ
ЩҪȷҽãȻһٳٲߡ
ͷܿһûԹ                    
лҪ˵·һ~
úڰ壺֢ҩ벻Ҫձġÿ˵ͬҪǳԻҩȥҽԺҽ
²οס
ֵȣҩҩоչйҩ־2020-05-11

 24 

誻ذ칫, Ѱ£˿ˮʹæȥʵˡһҪӰ, ⵰ʺı仯
ڷһСʱʱ䣬ȥԷ˯
þûһԷˣȺﺰ
Ӧĺܿ, ȥԷʱʳá
誵ʵңϰ״£Ͽ֡, ׼ɻӱóϴҺ
ʱʵҵѧ֣ܰ´չ, С, ʦ, Ҫׯں𣿡
ϴׯ˳Եĺһֱû, ʵҵΪҪˡ
űŵֶ£, ܿ졣ģʱٲǸɻ
ǾͺǾͺãҲ¸ɻʵܿׯ, Ľ̺ηɺʵ顣֣ܰĽ
調Цҽʵ飬ǲģҪҸׯʦ˵һ, ԺʵҲϣ
֣ܰ¾ȵĿʦȥ˵˵Ǹʵʵҵ˶ᣬһֱͦѧġ
誰ϴĤҺʵ̨ϣŤͷ֣ܰ£ѧ
֣ܰ˫ĿŹ, Сװķͷ˫ǰ޲
Цˣׯʦܴ󰡣ĸ첲ˡ
ǵģϵĽηɺˡְִʵ飬⣬ᣡ
誵ͷʧЦЩûзĸоѧѧϰûʲôá
ѧǻ᲻ᰵׯȽϣܲšûҪΪ·ա
ϱǻ
ͷҸׯʦ˵˵ظٸ˵ȻӦʡ
ллʦʦ㿪ڣׯڿ϶ͬġ֣ܰ˸߲ƶ˵
ΪʲôôΪڳСﵽϴĤҺסˣûж
Ϊܿׯںʦ㰡֣ܰһı顣
￴ģ誼װһ㣬ʡ
ӡиѧ㱨ǴΡǸеչһֱׯڿȫ̶侲еĮ֣ܰۻǸʵʱ۾һ£ַ漣ܿϲ
һûע⵽ʱԼҪεľСׯ£һֱûϡ
ڴӵ߿֪£ܸо΢΢٣е㷢ͣѪҺ£ֺ֪ϲҪͻǻ
ǵı͵ϲá˻ׯ
û˻ȫںԼĿ
誸ϲס˶ġĿڮٵۣ취첻ЩԼɽһ˺
ʵЩׯʦѧϰҸĿͷׯʦӦҲû취誹ɵ˵
Ƕȥѧϰû£ʦܰȥʾͺܺˡ֣ܰҲֹɡ
ʵҵѧ۹£ȥѧϰѹѧϰһЩԺ㲻УҲϵļȥӦƸԱ֮ĸλ
ȥóĤ׼ϴĤˡ֣ܰ²ü󣬵лͽϢˡ
˻ֻߵߣʱϣϴĤмӿС
֣ܰ°ֻٵǰʦ㿴ҵȦ˷Ȧʵˡ
調֣ܰȦ
ѡ޿̫ˣϲѡ޿Σû֮һݷḻջؼϿεʦƯвº͡ÿԴΪʲô֪ôడΪŮ[õ廨][תȦ]
Ȧкۣܶ󲿷ֶѡ޿Ρ
調֣꣬ܰЦЦָо˿ԼܿģһԼŬͬС
ֻ֣ܰʦҸղȻΪׯںҲ
룬еֻЦЦû˵ʲôԼＸġ
Ҿ͸ղȦʵ˵ҲׯĹͣûϣϿݲôḻЧҲôá
꿹壬ϴ֣ذ칫ңʰһ£׼ȥԷˡ
***
Сֶĸ˺ܿʵ¥¾룬ƺƵʳá
·ϣʣҪǽһȥеˡ
ðXʳõɫȥһ裬һԣӦ
ҿԡ˵
Ҳû⡣̻ء
ȷĸ˵ʳãֱڡŲ˵һһ˵ԼϲԵĲˡ
޲ˡˡźƬۡƤţ⡢Ƥ廨⡢ëǡ⡭ĸԴڴǰŲ˵׷ױԼԵĲˡ
˵ʦŸ裬һǱĲˣܿʹˣ̧ͷʣҪ𣿡
ҿŲ˵𣿻ûеĻ׷
ζأ΢˵ʦʡ
ʦ˵Եһعͷʡ
Ǿ΢̻ء
ˣóǮ
誵ļ˵ȻȺ﷢㡣
ãҿǮࡣ誵ػء
ôֱԵܲð/ĸоЦ誵ı˵
Եܲе̫ˡеķһֻмٿǮǳɫӲһ޶ڿĸо
ܵڻǮưҪ£Ҷܸ˵̣ղķǳãģﲻ䵫ְĸоͷҸѧѧͷͷǵ
ԱһΣǵģӲһŮˡ
ͣϺƣҪȲ͡
誵ĸ첲˵ȥҸӣҸȥϣʲô
֭
÷
ʳóԷ߷壬Ħࡣ誺˷ǰУ߹ڣ誸첲벻߹ڼģɽҩŹǡ
̧ͷŵǰҵľϵ
ڼɡһҪȥ򱭿֡˵
Ҫɽҩǰһ̣
ƷʳãҵһǵĿǡ
ʱһѾãһ衣̣ƣ˱ǣʵˡ
ĸһԹܶηҶûʼͷԷ
е̵Ķͷʼðˡ
ҳһֽݹȥʦ
̧ͷỴ̂Ĳܳʵһʹ㲻۰ɣ
ĬĬ
ڷֱֲۣ֧㲻ӡ
ôһ³ˣĸӵĵһûɣҲеԶ
ûĴ֣ʣϴ֮ôʶ˻ϵ𣿡
һȥˣ죬ʼϵ˵ģ涼û˼䴦ˡأ
ʶ
ҡҡͷʱֻǳòͽϵʽˡ
ֿſҡ
ҷ¿ӣ̾˿ҶһŮӡͦõģҲĵһĵʵ⣬Ĳȥˡ
ʲôʵ⣿ͬ
⡣Ҳ֪Ǿô㹤ʣҲûԴҼû򷿣ȫÿԼԷһʹùˡҵͷΡ
ԱߵĿҵĺ󱳣ţҲ𣬼Ҫ򷿣͵ðѽΨһסˣһ׺õĵضεСӡԺһ˼һҶжڣٲ˼ɹ
һʱĬ
ͷԷҲ¿ӣ֪ôеصա⣬ûǹ
ֱߵϣҪɥˡԺ˭˵׼鶼ġȻ󻰷һתˣ誣أ
誻һ£ʱûϵʽ
ˣ誣ׯҲǿǣСһ벻ż/ĳˡ
һٷԻ˰칫ҡ
˱ȣȥʵңʵ顣ҪӰˣҪڻ谵ĻУϴƬİҡڼҪԼӰҺͶӰҺˣΪѧˡ
Ȼ֮ǰںС˼Сʱ˶رѹֺͱơ
װҪõģ˰ҡ
ĵʱҪˡ
һСʱԭڴģҡãܲãܲûжơ
ζʵ鳹ױϡ
ʵĲܶ࣬ҪԼҲǳ֪࣬Ĳ⡣һһųȽϷʱ䡣
ʵ̨ۣһĲܳ
˺ܶʵ飬⣬õȻӰ飬Ҳǲܽܡʵɹʧܲΰ룬ʱʧܻܿࡣ
ִ򿪱䣬ԼûôԼԼ
һ磬ʵңһϸ˶ԡһֱ°࣬ûҵԭлɵļطȷûʱһһų
ͷɥػص칫ҡóֻȺһǣѽƬǣôҰæһ¡
ҸԼľ飬½һһ´ԡ
ˮûˮˣŽŲȥˮ䡣ˮϵׯ
ׯʦá΢ͷе޾ɵĴк
ôˣ˿ۻ£ׯü翴ʱϻЦ
˿ڲۣʵʧˡѿڶ漴ӦԼղڱӦеֱͦ˵û£еСˣͷһ顣
ţˣҿԤԼƬ粻ƬǸʱλˣдˡ㿴ʲôʱƬׯ췭ʵԤԼʱ¡
ӦǿʱαԤԼˣû취ѡϡԼˣŰ誵滻ȥˡ
ллԲӰˡе㿪ĵ˵ʱԼϳȥģҪʵ飬͸ȡˡȻȥ˵˵
˽Ҫʱ˰£סŤͷׯʦҪӰ𣿡
ôˣҪreviewׯͣ½Ųʡ˶æûʱ۴١
ǣʱ䣬Էɡ֮ǰǷܶ飬ҪæЩû˵˵˵ԽԽ顣
鷳̫ˣϣᷳҾϣҪ룬Ҫģ׽
ʱ䡣ׯָ΢΢΢΢ȡѻ˵󣬾ôֲһദĻᣬֱܸġ
ʲôȻᷢңǴʡ
áׯͷ
»صλϣ°ϣ첲ż·һ̽Դˮ㣬㶵ؿϵıͲԴﻹʵ⡣
ֻˣ̹ǰۡ
ׯĲӡ
һϢտлɫвӡ
һʮ
誣
շ˹ʣϽ
Щԣ
һҵһҵ꣬ԣ
ĺɰӦøֻҪ
ֽһϢ
ׯЩȥļңҶԡ
һ飬ٻظǾXXɣҵʺͬ¾۲ˡ
лҪ˵С糡
ߣQAQׯʦǱСֶһ졣
ׯҼϡ
ߣ㷸˴ȻҾܾһŮӵ⡣
ׯҪ׷޻᳡
ߣˣ誸ֻͬ£Լ˵ģ׷һ˵

 25 

, һ뿪ʵ¥
ʵ¥̨ǰׯͣȥ, һ¡
°߷壬ѧͬºܶ࣬ׯĳ̫á
˵, ȥУɣԶ˵ҵУſ, 㻹ûء
ׯӦ˵ͷղǿ誴Ÿ߸Ь, ߵ·, ǿˡ
Уſ, ˸ʻϵðȫ, ׯ뿪
߷壬µˮйͨ, ϣҲ֪ܶ˷ǳͷ
ִ˵ױȼҺܶʱһͲһ, ǻȼ
¶ˣкʡʼׯǿһС복ڶµô, г˿յ͸
ʹС
һ°ܶ࣬ദľ׷ΧͱŴˣѹ֡
˵Ҳûмſ˵ְ, ෴ͦڡ
ڴأ̫ѨͷеۣĦ΢һ¡
ƳĬׯ賿ʮҵ±ȡ
£ͬʱҲǳڴܸһ
ŤͷӦÿԿׯʦ𣿡
ܶʹ˾ǰῪһЩȷֲƱЩΪ˺һ㡣
򡣲һЩǿܻһ㡣
ŶҿҪҪһ㣬ָֺǡ
ԷֿţֻӮнϲáׯ顣
ԣеҿôǰûˡӰóֻġ
ڶ誳ƱϲУһֱͷֻ
˻ᣬֻ̧ͷ͸Сһ㣬ֱͦͦġ
Ⱥ̵ʱׯŤͷ۸ʻôˣˣ
ûҲڳϵͷֻȻγ˵ղһʱ⣬ֱθһ㲻Դе㷢ȡΣԼͷ
ܣŻöʮӲܵҪǾͽҸطԷׯ
Уܡֱ㶵ػأѹθǹɲʡ
˺̵ƣĻ᲻õ㣿ׯʡ
ãȻ
̵ׯʮ·ǰ˶Σǰ٣ţͣ·ͣλ
³ȱϳ˵꣬ׯӼʻߵ䣬򿪣óһƿˮߵվڸʻǰ
šƿǣˮݸ誣ȿˮЪᣬ͸͸Ȼٹȥ
лл誽ӹˮһڣ˼£θǹɲʱѹȥˡ
󻢿ڣ˵γáׯ˵꣬˫ָʾ
Ҳ֪ĵط̫ԣȲоûʲôЧ˻ᡣ
µף¶Ȼеͣ¶ڿеƤе䡣һ·ǵļƬҶͷ֦죬иˡ
誾ú˺ܶ࣬ûˣϳɡ
»صϡ
調Уׯû˳ϵ죬һЩ滺ĸ
ׯʦϲ٣е졣
ţľأϲҪһһЩ֣
ã誻ءȷʵܶǰֳģӡ̡
˶û˵һ֡Ƴׯϥϵָڲͣڰټһ
ᵯ٣
һ㣬ܾûˡ
ۣҲܰǴСͿʼѧϰǲܵĸܶѹȣ調Ц˵
йĸһ㶼ϲԼѧգʱóǰ԰һ£۵Ŀ⡣
ׯǡ
ûѹңСʱǾú棬ѧ˵㡣ׯ赭дһβʱĵס
㻹ͦҸġ˵ܾ֮˽⵽ʵ飬еԼ½ۡ
ׯûֻǵͷЦ¡
ܿ죬˻ſڣǰҪ뿪ۼֿ˰ѷ̣ѳͣ˽ȥҪͣλǼ׵¡
³ƹͷׯӺõİЦˡ
Լˡ
ϰɣųﲻȫׯ˵ŰѰݸ誡
˲ꡣ
ѡ˴˻£誰Ѳ˵ݸׯׯʦ㡣
һվŵķԱ飬Ȱѹ׵ˣٶȿһ㡣
ʲôĹףʡ
ţ͡ଡݲˡǵԧѡסԱܡ
ׯʦʲôףѡһ˵ʳõĳԵû񫡣

ׯͷ˼֮Ѳ˵ݸ誣ٵһЩ
ҪȾ𣿺ֻжͷơƣ㰮𣿲õģҿԿȥ誵ͷžˮ˵
Ⱦơְɡ
ȲĹУģҲûһ⡣
ׯʦڹʵͦõģôҪع֮ǰǴνϸ˽ׯѧʱе㲻̫⡣
ׯʱڹʵҵθֻһʱ䣬ôʱ䶼һ⡣һԣôæعܾҪѹһЩɹڴʱʼ
ׯǿлƽڣԽѡ㿪ʼҪܴ
ʱЩ£ԺܻڡʱϸϵᣬҾͻˡׯûҲû˵ø塣
誵ͷͦõģõְɣ
šǲ𣿡ׯû˽Щ֪ڸУְڸĸ
ǡǩ˺ͬ꿼ˣߡ
ߣׯ誵۾ɻ
ԣںܶУѾˣǿƣﲻҪ͵ˡ
ǩʲôĺͬʲôҪ󣿡ׯ誣ͬʱһֲõԤС
ƪSCI£ӰӻܵͣһҼ⡣誼
ֻarticlereview𣿡ׯ˽ĸ
ֻarticleҪreviewУǼڰ칫ͷףдreviewСҲеΡ
̵ܿĺ̫ͬSCIˣ̫áׯüеߡѵöĳЩ
֪Ƹ誵Ͽ׸֮ǰΪһдreviewаڿҲǵҪĶ˵ɢľ
Щʲô
誶дreviewºܻ˵ûЩҪ굽ڣ˲ͨ׼ˣ
Ȼ˿̣ӦðоʵͿϡ
뵽еסˣɫأ˫Ŷһˣ굽ڣ˲ͨô
ϸһĨЦߣǾߡͿԵģֵֽĺͬ
ɵ
Ǳˮг
ȥׯһʡ
λ˿ͣǵĹסʱԱһ裬Ƿֳĵϣһ߸һ㻨ͺͮͮĸһǵɫķ
Աѹ׷ϣл𣬡λԵȣϾϡ˵뿪
ׯһֱ誣誵עںͮͮĹϣùӽ߹ס
誷ӣ̧ͷͶׯ˫תһ£ղʵ⣬ûش
ǰжϵĻȥʱȻؼһʱ䡣ҹȥҪôߵĸУоҲܳȥӦͦġ
ż
ļ١
ҪreviewȷһţȰѾʵͿϣׯһʱ벻ð취
ǶȻҪµġԸ⣬Ծȫʵ֮
ðýдreviewҿ԰˽ĸ룬ҲջϣԼЩǷڴдreview𣿡ЩɻĿŶˣû뵽˵
ǣǿ϶ҪдreviewҪǲģҿԸǩЭ顣ҵreviewɢľ㵽ʱ򿼺˲һܰʱɡׯѻ˵
ھдԼдĳ嶯ʱһдꡣҪǹɾҿܾͲдˡ˵꣬ü΢죬Ӳɫ˫ĿЩڴЩǵŶˡ
Լ֪ܲׯеСŮĸҾҪߣ㲻ԷҲҪǰģ
һʱ䲻ȡᣬ˸ͷ˿ˮˮĴ֣ܿ˫Ŀ
ʮ룬ٴοȥ΢ƫͷšüĿᶨƵؿ
˵Ҳ֪˼ս˶˼룬յͷοڣǾдǰѴ۵ϸһЩҪ׾һ㡣
誵һ磬Ц·ʢ¼ޣ׾Сݸҫۣǰˮùׯǰıӣׯʦˮ
ׯЩΣЩЦ
ûа취
ʱԱ˸СڻԱߣλĲˣѾˡףò졣˵׼ߡ
ׯԱ˵鷳һˮ
ѾóĹտĹӲˡÿֲˣֹﶼһЩ
ׯҲһӼвˣǷǱߡ
ߣʲôܳһЩˣ̧ͷʣΪׯղŵ㷬ѹΪܳ
ܳ
誵ͷвˣ룬Ҫƴףһɡ
誼в˵ʱׯӳСҨ׷ȻǰȺȵθ㡣
ůθֿθ
˫룬һСڣȻеᣬζ治ζһ̼ܵˣ/ϵͳˣˬղγǵ㲻ʳɢ
ֺһڣúȡҽ궼ǵζףԭѹ׵Ҳ
Ҳһ룬Ҩ˼ŵׯǰղ
ׯ룬һڣգһۣ۽޸Ųüͷ΢һı顣
ע⵽ˡׯû
ϲġ
ůθղγĲʣ
Ź๾һơ̰ףɷǺÿͬʱðʵݣůᣬ㱣ָⷢ顣
̧ۿ۶棬ׯһ˾ӢͣߴеĻĿ
ͷڼвˣִŵλõĲʵС
ʱԱһӣׯﵽ˵׿ˮݸ誣ⱭˮϴӡṩһԿӡ
ԭŵȻѿӷŽˮС
оԼǸźĴС㣬ЩΪ飬ͷ˵Ǹʵô鷳
û£ϰûʲôáׯ˵һʼͽ誵Ϊ
Խò̫ã΢΢̣Ҳ֪ǲǻѬģЩʣ㲻ҽ飿
飿ׯһ˵ûáϰ߶ѡ
Ȼֲһ䣬ദôСģ͸һദС
ѣͬ£ſӣ̧ͷׯʡ
ͨѺͬȻȥϵ̶ܳȲ࣬˴кżϿܻһԸֹϵܶĻһЩϰԶ
調߲ܴ
Ϊеһֹϵͬ¾ǹϵ͹ֵúܿһѺͬҲֵúܿ
ֹϵҪصһΪǳͶͬ
Ŀǰׯ
ܿһ䣬ҿԳΪ𣿡
ɫؿŶˣеĿӶҪնˣһʱûôش𣬲Ҳû
Ҫ̽仰ĶͿܵ˼
ֻƤеӣΣˮ𴽣ѣ˵㡣
лҪ˵С糡
ߣֱ·ˡ
誣ǰһԥǰΪͬ»ѣôһ¾ˣ

 26 

誳˼һ, ԼԸׯΪ
һôˣ𰸾ͳˡ
ǾͲҪǿԼ
˼, ǻͬ°ɡ誳ֽ˰ǣ˵
ׯһ, ֪Լܾԭ𣿡
ׯû뵽ľ棬ϲѭ򽥽һǰƽ, ҶлӦĹ̡ڵһͱܾˡ
ׯֻƽһʾ䣬, еί˼
ϸ˽, ԭ, ҵ⡣ԺҪǹϵĹϵֹϵҷеġһ㲻߻һҸΪ, ڹϺܣֹϵ֯һ, һ᲻֪ô㡣ϲ򵥵Ĺϵ
ϴׯͬ¹ϵʱˡǾͬ¹ϵ, ٶ롣
ڻϣ䣬Ͼ
ׯ, ȻӴ誺ܶΣΪ˽ڿԶ
Ҫͬˣȥ, ȻԸҲϵϿǡ
Ҹղ˵ˣ˵㡣ׯ޼աҪǵģԺ˵֮ȡԼλá
ţѾ׼Բˣô˵̧ͷɻԴתת
ѣͨѣŮѣ
Ӧûѹϵ˰ɣ
ͬͨѹϵʱҪŮѹϵ
ˣһһµأԴеǣˮ˿ˮƽ͵ʣҪֹϵ
ΣῪ˵ȥȨøϲֱ˵Լеĸо̫
誣ҷǳ㡣ׯĿȵؿŶɫ΢ŮǳϿҡûκΰգҲڴ˿ֵҪ
һ£漴ЦˣΪϵ°ɣׯô˵еܳԺҾͶ˵һֱȡ
ͣһ£ϵЦһתעŶˣׯʦҾҪ˽һ£Ժʵʱ۸ղɡ
誺ܻң˼flagۼҡҡ׹Լ־ʱׯϵΪѡ
֮ǰȷԼׯĸоղȷˡ֮仹ʲô˵Ǿûûʱ
Ѿܶû̸ǰҲ档ͣһЩ
֮໥˽̫ˣׯѧУĽӴ漸һ֪ڲӦԺ˺ƱػܱŤ
ҪֹֹϵȻһֱи
ׯͷˣʿɶֹٸһʱ䣬˴˽һӴղ誵ԼӦûû֡뵽΢̤ʵһЩ
˵˾䣬誣ҷǳܸʶ
عľϲ
ЦׯʦҽҪƮƮȻˡٻ꣬ҵֲ䳤˲١ʵ˵㣬Ҳܿġ
ׯۺЦ⣬֪ԭ𣿡
ԭܶడһȻӡ
磿
磬㳤úܺÿҵ˫ۺܡȻǳвŻҵϣҶѪڣ񱻴ֿġҲܺãûҲܵĵ㡣΢ͷƵĻ꣬Ļش⡣
ȫûע۽βƶһˣ崺Ц
ׯղĵȫϲ
һ𣬾ƽ죬ҲܵԭʼĿ֡
̹ʣȻһŮץסᣬҪһ𣬸ĵطԷڰ칫⣬ֻ֡Щ£ͿĲѡ
ѾܾûĹˡҲӲ֪ԼһôǿҵĿ
調˵ı飬ŷԼղſḡˡ
һ˵棬޼ɵ˵Էȱ㣬¹Ҳֻղׯ⣬ʶشˡ
Īı
ʱյûģеΣǰ㣬ŵĿӴֵͷĿӣͷС˵Цˣҵӡ
ׯסЦ⣬˵ͷеĿӣһߵĹ꣬һţŽԡθõ𣿳᲻ܴ̼θ
ᣬ̶ֳȵոպãԵĲ񫡣
Եʲôׯּ˿⡣
ʳõһ裬ǲ̫
ĸʳãȥһ¡ҶѧУʳû̫Ϥ
XXʳãҪһԣŹ񫡣ܴ㡣誻ء
ΪʲôҳúӰʳׯüʡ
ǣ㳤̫ˡһʳóԷҹԼӭӸ·Ŀ⣬᲻ڡԼȥ԰ɣ˶һЩˣҲ󡣡һǸ档
ׯ
ʱղصķΧʹɢȻû˶Ըٸ˴һʱ䡣
ٻ誳Ե÷ǳˡȥǮʱ򣬱֪Ѿˡ
̨ǰһε˵ҪҼԷϾǮûȥ
վׯڣҵĻԱǮܶ࣬ĻҪˡ
̨һԱǵĻԱǮûйһ˵һһλ곤Ա첲ʾ˵
Աͷ
̾˿ðɣ´Է
ׯĴţȳȥ
˻꣬ϻһŨҵĻζҪֱϳҲŪöζҲ֪ׯ᲻⡣
ׯʦʱҪ⸽ߣ
áׯһΧһ̳ǰһСԽ֡Զһ㳡һЩеݱĹ㳡顣
Ǿѹ·ɡʳȥȥϵĻζ
·ɢţ͸·һ԰Ʈ㣬嵭㣬Ӧǵһļʱˡ
˻ᣬǰͷֱһѿŵĳΣƱû˵ȰѲƱˡ
ׯָָΣǱ򡣡
誴Ӱҳֽׯùֽαһ飬ߵʮԶͰֽ
調ҹɫֵĸߴصıӰ·ƻƵĹϣʵؾĴ·͵Ĺâһߵķ壬ǵŲ۾
紵ɫһǣ漴£ö˵˼
ķǳģǳܵºůӴʱֻйĮǿӲĸо
һְ㱨ʱˣԷǳ侲Ҳ档
һϴڽϣǿӲĻش
˫Ŀûнؿ黯ǰţʱܵһߣգۣع񣬿ׯѾֽתЦĿʲô
ҡҡͷûʲô
£誴ӰóֻʼĵƱǸصģôá
ׯ˫ȽұߣɢĺڳαءԶȥǱǰڻһ㡣
˿̵ͷֻûע⵽ϸڡ
ϾƱּĵ£˺ΧһС
˻ᣬ˫üдʣôأѵԣ 
ҿׯǰͷ
誾ֻм䣬ѡ˱ȷֺͶעĽôҲת֧Ľ棬ǲﻹûѡϣҼһ飬ûҵ
ֻеСׯֿһЩӺ濴Դмֻһ죬Ҫˡ
˺޲
ׯϻһ½棬ֻȥָһС˵ǲطûѡ
誶һĴţѽ۾ؿ鶼û֡˵깴ѡϣ֧ť
誵֧ת֧棬ǮŸ㶨
Ĳ࣬ʮǮֻӶӮϲͶעǮһ㡣
ׯʦôϲΧ󲿷ֶϲ򡣡ֻʡ
һ˳ŶԷţһЭϺĿǳȷؿҪǳܵϣһ٣ԶԽиڴСأҺټŮϲ򡣡ׯ˵꣬ʡ
ûŻش
ҪҪʵأ
᲻ԵԼǳɣ
Ǹߴϵ벻
ǸΪ˺ķӡ誵ĻԽԽ
ţ˺ķȷʵ˲Ůϲ򡣡ׯ˵
㲻ԭеǳƫͷʡ
ᣬϲһǸԭûʲô˵˺ķҼˣǩºЬׯ˵
ģ˷ܵתͷ˵ǳɫͫʱ··ƵĹâҫۡ
ºЬҼ㡣ׯЩ˵·ͳȥһƽ
ʵǩºЬŪʱӢѧʱͬѧһȥͬѧʶֲˣ˺ܴ󾢣շתŪǩºЬġ
ŵֵ˲١ﻹһЩԱǩºЬƽʱһȤ
ĿϲܶˣϧˡһֱûйҲƱ誵ͷź졣
㡣ׯ˵
ҸǮÿɲáƽʱǮҲ򲻵ġڴĿׯ
øǮ
ҪʲôҸ㽻ʡ
£ͷҪʲôٸ˵ׯĸԼ롣
誳һᣬãһҪǵáȻͿˡ
ˡ
˻ʹظˡ
ڸʻмûׯ˵ôҪ²ˡΪ˲ÿׯɢעŵȵСſ˵
Ͼŵ࣬ᳵ˺ܶࡣׯƽȣһǰ٣ɲһʮ·ڣͣ£Ťͷ誣γ𣿡
ΣҾʱܳʱͷ
ׯͷ
СʱСſڣׯͣ
誸æڣׯʦһһҪæǸ鷳̫ˣ֮ҶԷҪĶ˵
ׯǰ̫ȡˡ
ܶºֻܰ쵽
ʲô£ׯº͵ػأû˿ͷ
ʵҵļѧҪѧʵ飬˵ڽѧʵ飬ҲѧϰЩʵ鲻ʵóģҲᡣ˵꣬ؿׯ
Ӧָæ˵ҪǾôô鷳Խѧٽǡ
û£ʺηʵ鰲ţʱһС֮Ҫѧʵ飬ҵ㡣ׯܸɴػء
Ŷãϣ鷳
鷳
ɿȫллׯʦϢ˵ƿţ򿪺ţó
ʱׯѾ³ƹͷע˵Ϣ
Ƚȥˡ誾ֳ˰ڡ
ׯվڳǰˢСŽһֱӰûСŻصϡ
ûмŷ뿪ϸϸζһϡȻûٽչܸо誶̬仯
ֻһţǵ
һ½ʵ˫ڳɫһ
лҪ˵ٽ¾Ϳʼ~ܿ졣
Ҫģе~

 27 

, ׯʵһѧΧʾʵ顣
ʾ̧꣬ͷ, в׵ĵط𣿡
ѧ㣬ղǴͷβһ顣ʵܸӣ㿴һҲû취ѧ, һʱҲ֪
ηɺѾׯѧһЩʵ飬֪ȻʦҪԼһ飬ׯʦһ߿š
ÿʱѹر
ʱҪϽ, η룬ʦ, Сͷõ缫ʵ, ̶ܹãҸоСܻ໥ͷ, ͷĵ缫ᱻɣ
ׯף˿šĹ, ˮĺʣע޾, ¶
ѧǶɴ۾С­ֻбһ㣬ҪֶšһЩǳС˿, ǳҪɡ
Ըһֻ𣿡ׯһѧϰѧûúηѻˡ
֣ܰԾԾ, ֺܵģ̧ͷһׯڴֵͷ֣ܰĿǰһ, ʵûãʲô棬С
ׯ״˵벻һ£
֣ܰͷ̧ͷȻׯעָָԼң
ţԸԸһ£ɹûϵҪϰʵ顣ׯ͡
֣ܰͻȻãׯڣһ¡
ׯʵ̨򿪳룬׺óһ˫Сףݸ֣ܰ¡
֣ܰܳؽӹףϣηѾץһֻС
֣ܰ»ղѧĲ衣һʵ飬ֿƲסĶʵԣеҲڿ趯
ׯڽѧ΢һ࿴ţ˼һ£ҳȥһ£ǰģҵȻ
ׯʵҴţѧһ˰ӣ̱ѧһ磬Ҷиȫںˡ
֣ܰ¿αϣø첲˲໽УҸղǲǲ÷ǳ԰ĳţƲסĶҶƲҵ֣
еļӣ̯֡մһףʱѾƳˡ
߹οû£֮ǰҲǡׯʦһ߶ŵʱͷƤϽ˽һѹ޴󡣡
ηɣһׯʦȥΪ˻ĽţҲŵĲˡ
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ǻС籣־룬ԷԼٴܵ˺
ԵʱνҸֻֿڱ

ֳ˼ׯšһԼ綼Թ˲ϾʱǺѳ˵ġ
ǶԷܸ㹻밲ȫУȫչԼڵͬԼ˾ͻΪһ壬ׯֵǾͻ󻺽⡣
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ԹϵƽȵģԷ֪֮ԸദͱԸеַաҪŮԱ˸ǿΪƽ⣬ǾͲˡ
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һ飬˽۵ķȫ޷˼
ʱֻҪׯʦ㹻
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 28 

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绰˽
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תȥԱߵ¥ݼ, һ¼̨¿ߡеĵ绰һֱûͣЪĲ
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ׯһֱע, ϸϸ龭˵¡
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ׯԭǶŵԣ˼⡣иϸҪȷһ£רעס
ͻȻߵ˷ϣͲɫƹⷴ䣬ƺܿ߳ϸϸܵĺ
誣ôˣﲻׯɿ꣬/ʡ
̧֣˰ڣʾԼû¡
ӹǱһ㣬۵뿪˵
ׯƣƺǲµˣʣۣ
誵˵ͷɰֱҧ
칫ֹҩȥá
ûСҧ͵͵˵֡
ׯȥ칫ñӣȵˮáԵһ£ϻ
ߣܿ˱ˮⱭˮǴ뱭̵ĿˮһЩ׿ڵ¶ʺϺȣõˮ¡
ȵˮе̣Сĵ㡣ׯˮһߡ
Ŷӣֱɫ׵ֽͷ˼ͷùˮ˼ڡ
ʱׯùֻµ˼ֹҩ
誺˼ˮׯʣÿζôۣ
ҡͷǣǽƬеɡ
ׯɫ΢䣬üʱڲġԽõʱӦŰԤԼƬ̨
ԭ˫Ŷӣ΢䣬ֱؿǰ
ׯô˵Ťһͷӣ⡣ԭǶ˽ƬΪϣûϵҲû뵽Ӱô󡣡
ԲƬģҲСôϡׯü˵
еǿ֢õʵ飬ֻҪʵ޷ִУҶᰴʱ꣬ͻԾ誽ԼΪʲôҪ
ׯ̾˿´ʱ򣬸˵Ұ
Цﷺɣׯʦǽڣôܰһʦʵ飿˵ȥᱻЦġ
㲻˵Ҳ˵˭Ҳ֪ڸʵ顣ڲǸְƣʵûϵԺҪӲšҪǾò˼֮ʵæʱæ־ͺáׯͼ˼ά˵誡
課׽İæһ
ãȻҽҲ⡣
ûкõ㣿ٺȵˮׯ˵꣬²ۣչǳˡˮеһԱ
˫ְůӣ˫ֵ¶ȱĸߣûݣ뷨ֻĬĬѽյ˫֣ࡣ
˫űӣһЩˮӻۣûôˡղŸоԼðһ
첻ˣȥϢҪ̫ۣϢׯҲûõİ취
ãȻȥˡ˵׼ȷʵǾ񲻼ãʹҲľղֳһ麹Ƥڴܡ
һ£ֹҩܿҩٻȥϢׯֱ̧
ʵȥ
оԼׯǰûˡϴˤɹʺ۳⸱С
Ǹ쪽㣬С׻
ϣҪԼ治
Ҳ֪ϲʲô͵Ů
Դеɥͷꡣ
ׯ֪ʱǲ̸ཻģûٶ˵ʼղ۵ݡ
;ׯȥԼıӽ˱ˮݸ誣ů֡
˻ᣬϵֻ𶯣绰˵˾䣬ȥ
ׯתͷ޾ɵ誣ȥҩԵһ¡¸Ҵ绰
ùǷ죬ˮ̧ͷׯá
ׯӣܲζֻƹ칫׼š
調ׯߴıӰʲôվׯʦף䡣
ѧУѾͽУ԰ˣׯߵУſ³ϣʪ䡣ׯ׳¡ȥ϶е
˵꣬Աαϵףűߵׯݸ
ллׯ˫˵
誰һЦҸлл㡣
ɳһ°ɣҺܿ
Цŵͷ
бɳϣŽ׵컨壬Űºڿׯ
һֱչԼûΪʲô
˸ףûбϸչˡ
̬ȣҲǺжĶ𣿻ֻԭôϸˣԼֻãкܶӴԾ͸ˣ
̾˿ףҲ벻͸
ׯĺܿ죬ҩֵ˻ᣬһ˰칫ҡ
һȥ
Ѿʮ㣬ͷ䣬ղųһ᲻ɵô˸
ϵס
ׯŻ谵·ע⵽Ķϵףͷ
һֱ΢ͷо϶˼·㵵̧ͷ
һ·£˶ӣʹ˶
誻˻촽⶯˼£˵ʲôû˵ڡ
ׯϲ𣿡
õǷ񶨵Ĵ𰸣Ժ󶼲֪ô
Ϊ˱ԺΣǰѻȥ˶Ŀ⡣
漴ǰߣ˺һ·޻ֻʣ·ߴŵһ·ƣ·ʢŵ¼żХԼ˴һ̶ƵʵĽŲ
Сſڣϵףݸׯܿ񣬡ׯʦллˡϢ
Ҳֵ̫βϵе㳤е֮⡣
Լû
ׯһֱ誣еҩݸӶĻѷһٳԡֹҩʱԡ˯ǰˮһţʱ䲻Ҫ̫Ӧû㡣
á誵ͷӹ
СӰӱ·ĳģֱׯ̧뿪
лҪ˵֮춼˫ÿһ~
ԭ򣬱ôǣʵ߱˱ǸܲƵء
Ǿͽоƽ
ҪҵĴ䣬ҪˡҿҪˡ

 29 

ĩ, 誸ԼĴ١Ĵˣ챻ź֮Ӷ
ǿ黯ʵ, ʵ鲻Ӧ
ĩͷԼ, ˯˯˯ʹϷӰôô
һֱĩ磬ûг, һöլ
Ҫǽһ绰˵ĻҲ10䡣
ʾ, һ, ЦŻֻ, ʦ֣촵ʲô, ôϵ˰
ʦãæ绰ͷʡ
æ, Ϣڼ/ʬء
Aˣпվ۾ô
ģѶλңʰʰͳš˵žʹӴ
, ҷֻϡżעⰲȫ˵
һҲ
żæţϴ, ٻ˸ױĺУװɫ֯ǧϥȹŲȴɫѥ, һɫ£Ϻʱ͸İͳš
һСʱ󣬴򳵵ʦַĵַ
Ĵ˻ᣬûʦ֣óֻϢ
ܿ죬֣Ц˵ʦãߡ
ԭһᡣ
Щǣ˳ԷҪôǸ˰ᡣ
ȥ֮󣬹ţתһϤˣʱסɴ۾һʱûŪôòص˵ͷׯʦҲڰ
誣ׯԭڵͷֻϤ̧ͷͬȣվ
ǼƻóһЦϵׯͬһУҪʶǲˡ
ױһָ誣ׯ˵ׯʦã誡֮ǰ
ׯ֪ﾭᵽġʦá誡
ڹʱÿءһ˵Լʦ
жʱׯˣʦô
İлʶˡһš
ڼˣȻׯ롣
ûׯߵ˵ʦÿҸׯڹʱʶģһϵѧУй˲࣬ǾǱŰɡ
һϢСѧȦСĿ£رصо򣬶תתܳϵϵ
Ǵûׯϵġ
ׯԱ߿ŵ£첻ŤͷͬʱҲԶʦҩͰ
еȣףαϡ
бŷ֣ɴۣЩ͵˵ʦã㡭ͷأ
ʶ̧ԼͷڰŷӦˡ
Ϊʲô̰㵱һͷÿΪʲô벻Ҫ̰޲ôض㡣
Щ˫ֻأбԼġɵʦ֣ںܳ󣿡ͬʱԱߵһ֪ͷס
ǵǣ֮ǰɰһϲŮͷǲزסˡ
誷˸ۣҪ¼˵⻰ʦ㡣˵ʦڵӣǶ̷ߡ
ʦҺòм쵥ʱ䣬徲徲æֹ
ׯһ߸ǰıӵˮһ߼м俴˱ݶתͬʱҲ棬̧ͷʶ֮ǰʲôӣ
Ȼׯȫǵõһˡ
ˮˮæ𣬡̣ʦóʱһɡϵϵҲʵҵıƯִԸһ˼ʵͷɵŮ̫ࡣ 
ׯ˼ĵͷ
課㱻ǺˮĿڣ÷绹ࡣͬʱеյûţôޣеΪ顣
磬ԣ̣ʵҶôΪ
ٷôͳɱˣ
ׯһֱûţùǰһԿӣ˺ùһձӣˮ̿ӣȻֱߵĿϡ
ô֪ǱҸȡţͷһ˵Լô
ŪڶԼĶλеʶˡ
ͣǸĵСϷѡȻŮǸдʣʲôţ
ͷţԣᣡ쪣ʦãʵҹԼ꣬һáܶ˶ƭˡ
誾ýԼӶҪȱۡʦַ׳ˣׯǰ
һͷ
ҪҪʦ/ڰ
ٷעһѡ
ڨڨؿбôڣʦ֣ҺܶҳԿڷȻɡ
ׯĹڣʱڣʲôʱ
עһ±ׯߣʱŹ誡
͵͵ׯÿǰĿӡ
ׯŤͷ誳ƤգգۣǶæɢĸл
ׯϸһĨЦܿ飬ϲ
˼УоЩ˻ظAУְƣƽְBУְơѧУһ㣬ƽ̨ȥ
ĻǸУ̣ܿҸְƣڷߡҪ󲻵ͣе㵣ĵʱᱻɨسţʧҵһһ
ߵʲôׯʡ
Ҽ⣬Ӱ10ϵƪSCI²5ƪһЩϿκо񡣡˵¡
¿ӣ˿ˮʦ֣ҲǷߡڸУ඼ׯʦ˲·ߣܻúܶࡣ
ҡͷڹûׯã˲ҿˣҲϡ
ӦͷӼԡ
عе˲٣ܴȶԿղᵽAУѧУڹڲر󡣵Ϊˣ˽ǣѧУʵ֡ܶ߿ǰѧУıѧѡУѧʵׯæ
һ£ѧУҲû⡣ҪϿһЩŬһ£ӦҲܴﵽׯ˵
ͷھȡ⡣ҪѧԺѧ⡣ǸУٺӿֱϺܺõĸСУҾûѧѹˡ
ڷ˵еңԶѾ30ˣҲÿˡ
ʦ֣ʦ㻳ˣ׼ˣʡ
ҵȷҰٺãʦٻҹλع̽·ˡ
ִ˵
ǲͣЪŬͣܶ»ǿĿİ
أ˿ڲʶˡ
ʲô誷ʡ
̸󡢽顢Ӱѿڶִ˵⡣
誵ͷС˵һСż漸ꡣ
̣ʦֽʮ㡣ҪСı
תׯ°ͣׯأ
ŬСׯ̻ش
￩һ£еĿֱ۸ܵ𾪡
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ֱٴκ֣ʦã㵱ʱҪģôûȥ
е¾ʱ⣬ллʦֵʱʵҡˮƾһ˵վӡ
ҲûžƱվһǾеϧҪȥ˹⣬ʱع˵˲·ְˡôӸУײ𡣲˵Ҹׯʦˡ
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ЦȻʦãһֱֹۻȱȱѰһЩҪҸǽܶҴĽܸ㣿
⻰ׯˣҲžƱվһһԺҲڹˣʱ߶
תͷׯһۣׯҲԹ漴
ٷΪʲô̸ؼʱ̱
課ǺףһٷŪϰ¡  
ٷ꣬Щ΢ׯҲ˾ƣԿֻȰͻؾƵ꣬ٻȥ
***
·ϣ誶Էϵеƣׯ˵ǸŬСҲϸʣȻԵʲôƵġ
մƳڳĬ˸Եֻˡ
ׯóֻۣȻŤͷ誣ǲܻؼˣҪȥѧУ
ᳵ課ҷ񣬿ǰĳСĲɲʣʲôˣ
ϵѧˣղӦҲյˡׯࡣ
ս̣ǰͷϣǴ¡
˺һš
СʱڵѧУĩʵ¥ǰͣλпգ誾ͽͣ˳һͬ³
ʵ¥ſڣԺʿкһͬ˵ݡ
û˵û˵巢ʲô¡ʱԺʿҲˣ¾ͲС
һ·϶Ʋ⣬·ݣ߷ļڣҲǺܶоܷʱҵĹؼʱڡ
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˵ϵĻңѾ˺ܶʦ£һ
Ժʿ󣬻һڳˣǸѧôˣûΣգ
УʵʱҽԺϵϵ˵
ϵѧҳҽԺ˶𣿡Ժʿʡ
ЩѾˡ
Ժʿָ£ڣѧʵҵġ˵ѧ/ɱǰ顣涼˵ʲôΪʲô/ɱ
鱻Ϊ֤ˣûʱ۾ͷش
ûһ˽Ժʿʣһ˫ۣϵʦϾ
ϵһҽԺǱѧľ¼ѧӦǻ֢/ɱƸйϵʹѧϵõͬѧΪڴľ޴ѹһ¾ͱˡ
Ժʿ棬Ʒҡͷоһ֢ϵѧ·ġ˵̾˿
ֳЩŮʦ۾˲ˡ
ҶصȽ
ԺʿȻȥˣվһѧУѧһȫ顣ҵʱһ¡֮ѧļҳˣúýӴⷢѧҲҪע²ҪһֻšȥҽԺ
誸æվȥ
ׯҲ
һȥҽԺ
λѧĵʦʱһȥԺʿֹˣʱҪȥѧˣúⱳԭ򡣡
ԺʿĿǶԵġѧΪѧҵѹ³ּΪʦӲϵġʱʦȥǴ̼Դһѧ
***
·ϣԺʿڣ誡ׯ¹ȥҪһĿǰսӵģûü
˵ׯԺʿںϡ
ĿǰڵﲻĿܲã̫뿴˶ҲҽƻԲһٵ󲻿ءĿȫΧڸҽƻʱҪǻܶྫ
ãһֱٴصģĿܺáׯͷ
עֻ˵á
***
ҽԺѧУԱԺʿæ㱨ߵѧĿǰȹˣʱΣա˺ܾͨղŽȥ¼ˡ
˻˾ͺá˵û˵Ͻϵ˼ҰѺӺúõĽǣһҪȫԺʿ
˻ᣬӲ׷ԲԵԺʿǰ鷳ˣ񾭲ѧϵѧԸǹͨ𣿡
Ѽ¼ڸ첲ľҡͷʲôûлӦ滹úúöţȻоɵ¡ǿ飬ĿǰӦ/ɱѧ״̬õ㣬ٹ
ߺׯڣҽȥɡѯʦ֤
ԺʿͷãҾͲȥˣøѧѹׯʱ˵
ԺʿָҽԺҽʿкҪעѧٳ⡣ѧУĸҽԺҶʶԺʿҲ
調Ժʿͻؼҡʮĸ䣬ΪرϳԾ񲻼á
Ϣᣬطҽ˵
Ժʿڰ֣誰֪ѹܴʵҪ㻹ʵ顢ϿΣ֮ҪȫܣĿְƽһ취㲻̫ġ
ãһŬӦ
Ժʿܸܲ취ҪȡԼͬϵҪ󡣲ԺˣҶ֮Աǵ˵誰Ժʿ̨ҿ߶Զ
ģٲ˿ֵˡ
ԺʿͻؼңָȥҽԺ
·ϣƵġòԾҲ˵⡣
ٴλصҽԺ˻ʿվĻʿѧô
ʿ۲֮ǰȥǸʦûг
ڲȾͷĴ̨ƿ͸͸
ֹ˴ŰСʱű򿪵Ťͷת߹
ׯʦѧôҪҽȥͨ𣿡ʡ
ѧԸ⽻ˣԽȥׯһǰܵ˵
ЪᣬҽȥܿȻһȥ˵ƣ֪ׯôˡ
оׯ·һѣͳ÷ǳԡ
誴ɻƿţѧתͷ
ߵߣ˲ѧԵĺۼܿעŵ˱𴦣Ц˵Ӷʲôȥ򡣡
ʶѧʵҵк
ʦҸ鷳ˡѧ˵Ϳˡ
誴򿪰óһֽһţᣬ˵鷳£ԼûжԲκˡƽһԼ·ԵĲˣ̸ѣҲʿѹǳЩ㲻Ƕ֪ġ
ţ誻һתǣ̣ԺһͷϸҴ绰㡣ǶŮ£ܺùͨ
ãллˮ˵ͷ
ҿɲǰ׸İͷҪʵġ˵western blotúܺãˡϴܳϡãûۿûҵԭ򣬻ͷҸ̡ɵ˵
Цŵ˵ͷ
ǳǳЦݣ΢һЩȥƷԹҽĻ
˲ڲŵׯ졣
뿪ſһξ룬С˵ׯʦȥһЩƷҪȥң誼״̬̫á
һȥ򡣡
˲糯ǰߡ
Ƴׯܵ䣬ɢһֵԵϢׯʦǸղűѧĵͳȾô
һ㡣ׯŤͷ誵˫ǲһϸѯʦԴ
ҲǲǺϸѯʦһϸʦ
ׯվҲͣ誣ͼ/ɱô
һֱΪһʲôľٶɣֻҪ˺ˡһҪ˺ԼһǾ˷ǳߵʱ⡣һ⣬ǲܡ˭Ƕһ޶ģԴ
ׯͷûٶ˵һȥҽԺĳС
調һЩŮõƷСԣ̣Ȼ뿪ҽԺ
ȥ·ϣ調ׯһ߱Ŀ
׵ĳᣬֻзʻ˶ĳֽ֣¼šǿܡ
ԵǰܵͳϢܲʱʱŤͷĶԲһе㵣ġ
֪ʲôҲǲǹĳЩ䡣
֮ׯܲԾ
ׯСͣ誰ѳͣã⿪ȫŸʻϢׯ
ûдؼʻóֻԼһ档
ڵĿֹһ㣬Сĳڱƣ誽һ㳵
˺ܾãׯѹ誡
ţʲô£˵šŤͷֻ
ǹ˺þãգֻׯ˵֣û¡
誴ǻ˼ҡڴϣ˷ֱʱׯˮĿ⣬֪ǲǴһЩ
óΣǱŨֵϢ̫ˡ
֪ʲô
˵ȥ̽
лҪ˵ܻӰҵ飬·һ~

 30 

һ, ʵʵ顣ϵ﷢¶ѧǵӰ첻СҶܵ䡣
Ȼûģȥϵﵱʱڳѧܶ, ԴҾͶ֪ˡ
һ磬誽ʵңͿϢ, ѧǶؿϣۼ죬޾ɡϢյ԰ˡ
誹˼, ҺܿͿʼæԼˡϾֻҪ컹ûǸøɵĻǵøɡ
ʮ, ʵſиԴ̽, , ʣʦ𣿡
ϴʧܵĵӡʵwestern blot, еļņ̀ͷ, ֱׯʵҵߣ, 𣿡
ʦһpHôáʵǰµ豸Ҹηɶ֪ôáׯʦֲ, ҲҺҲ߽˵
調Լʵ飬ӣϽ, Ҿ͹ȥ
õģʦæ˵ߵʵұ̨ԣվһ߿ʵ顣
ûѿ֡׾͸һͬȥׯʵҡ
̨pHƣǰùԿ󣬾ֱӶֽˡ
缫ͷҪע⣬õʱҪڱ͡УȥһЩ͡
һ߽̣һ߽ע
ֿ֮Բһ飬課ŷġ
֮誾ʹֱӻʵˡ
ߵűߣͿò˸к
һȣ˵ߣҸղŸׯڴ绰ˣ˵춼ѧУм¾͸绰ϵ
誽Ųһ£żߡ
е֣֪ΪʲôׯŰͷ·ǧѹϵǰðˡ
ҪҪϵһ£ܾò̫ġ
Ҫôأ
һֱʵң˻ʵ飬誶ĥô졣ףóֻ棬˺ܾãϢ
һֱʼһʵ飬ûյĻظ
£еʵʱҺûãǸ豸û׼á
һʱŪæңķ
ݲȥʳó˼ڷָϻʵˡ
˺ֻܶûظ
ⲻʶׯ
һֱһģʵ顣ʵ飬ĸʺܴ
ٽ°࣬ص칫ҡкܶȥ᲻𾢣˶еġ
ʵڲţ誾Ͳ˵绰ȥǻеŮԲĵ绰ѹػ
ػ
ʲôҪػ
ǳһֻ룬û취ϵׯˡ
ֲΣǹػ
誺ܾɥԴֻͨ棬
Ҫڻȥȥң
סĲ㣬ļ䷿ӣ
ָо
ֻڿĵطֻ˺ܴǿԼ׼Ͽεݣעһ㡣
ÿֻ𶯣Ȳ̹򿪿
ǡϴ󡱷Ϣ˵ҩһֱһǰʱҩ
ͷԵػϢŵԱΡ
Īһ
ôôᰡ
֪ϵϻ˵
ûˣԴˢֻ
ᣬмׯƬ
ϴûٿ򿪹ǸᡣһϸְһЩƬкڵŵһ
ůӢţǸȫԲϣ·ˡ
ԽԽš
ܾʲô¡ȻĪȻĳ¼Ƕо֢ģӦñͨиǿĽ
ׯһûֳеĻûˡĺ
һҪٸʵס
̫ʡˡ
ϰ¡ûоͷͻŲ뷨ĵȴܺѪġһĥķңʲô᲻Ȥû취ȥ롣
ȥǰ취ֻϣȥϴһ¡
ϴսžֻ𶯵æܹȥһСģϥײ˹λһǣһʹϮ
/ϥǣ˿ֻϵ֣ʱվֱˣҲۡ
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ׯǣ֪Ϊʲôһᣬۿͣͷսȭͷҧأƻȥ
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ҪһӵʱԸ㹻
ʶ誾п͸ģԶů
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 31 

ص, Դе¡ӵĺͻȻһҲС
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ׯûŪȷ㡣
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ʮǰ, ׯϢԺһἰʱϢû, Ǹ誣, Ρ
ЦŻһϢֻһ, ǰδеƣ, Ӿ˯ˡ
ڶȥѧУϿΡʣÿˣҪúβС
誴PPT, ˶֢Ǿ۵ϸһЩ
д֤ʵܲԸ֢һоҩ, ʾڵҩƣܵ˶ԤиõЧѧش
ܣ٤ҲֿԻ֢о֢߽Ϊ12, ÿΣÿ60ӵ٤ϰִڵGABAʺ, ֢ߵǵ֢״Լᡣ
٤ԽԺԤض֢ߡÿλ90ӿγ̼ϼͥϰԻѧ䡣
⻹̫ȭ˶ȾԻ֢ÿ3Σÿ1СʱļԼ˶Ŀȸ֢״ĸơ

½ѧԼ鵽ϡ
۵Ĳ, Ǵ֪Ϊʲô˶ܻ֢𣿴ѧĽǶ̽һ⡣
ʦʵ֮ǰ۵֢йˡ
˵Եʡ
֮ǰ֢񾭿ԣб仯ĲλǺԪ٣Ԫή˶ٽԪӶԵԪܣӶﵽЧ
˶ԴʹԷڷģﵽֹʹãӶУѹ

ܽᣬĿǰ˶ƱΪǳҩ֮⣬ɱͣߣЧõ֢Ʒʽ
⣬Ҳĸλʱ˶ɡҽѧԺѹܴ󣬴ҪעԼв˵ʱ򣬼ʱйǸ컹˶ܵҵһ;ЩԵ˵
ѧǹһڿεݡ
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룬ǳɾƷǳԣԤڡ
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˸߲ҵףͳֻŵĻ˼Ƭׯ
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֮ѹСܶ࣬ʱӦҲü
˶ʱ˲١
ԭû̫Դͬģ֮ǰׯ˵ģ㲻ɺͬкܶȥ·
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ֻ𶯣ׯϢƯĽûΪӰʵ顣ʱȥԷעϢ
Žţڰ칫СתתΡ
ʱװ״ϢС誣ҪӰ಻ҽпգҪҸطǸҰˣ
Ұˡ֣誷˸ۣϢ
ʱ귢һҲĵַ
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ΪʱһʱҪׯƬ誵ͣʱҲֻȤĿû˵
˻ᣬʱƶ˵˵ζ
סֻǱһ£ȥҲϴˣôմȾ˵ζˣ
ʱָ誵ü۽ǣһ£ɫ
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ʵ
Ҫȿʲô˵ʱиĶ󣿡誴ֻᡣ
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Ҳɣһлжġ誱⡣
еŮ̶Ϊʱᶨ˵
誸̣˵ǵһʡ
䡢ߡʱԼࡣ
ׯ28꣬ҸߣĿ187ˣͥ˽⡣
28꣬ȴ꣬һ30꣬»Ů鼫ܵ㲻̫⡣һ㣬˻᲻дֱа򣿡ʱɷнµķ
ôúһںʱо͸һ±ƵġȡС˵нϰߡ
ýͣǱ䡣ʱؿһְۣҵְλ˼ʹϵ
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ʱǿ˵ͷûг̡ȾơĲұȲȺû򣿡
Ⱦƣ񲻳̣ûŵζĲĲ̫˽⡣誻һ˵
һ㣬ûǰΣԼмΣǷǰǣĹϵ
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ǳ춼û׹ǾСӹҼҡȥŪǰΣҲֵֻ֪ԭ򡣷ּƷؼġҪǸұУǲǻô
ôʰܲûǰΰɣʧ񰡡еա
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誼ǳݵؿźʱ꣬ô֪ôࣿ
ҵĹʾġÿ˶ʲôҶҲһܿ˵뷨´Ұơ
ĿǰƻС
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ܸокøУǲȷʲô̶ȡһûĥӦòƭҡ濼Ǻ˵
ʱʳָ˴ţû˰ѡˡֿϣȻԸͱƣͲҪ˭ȿڣ˭ͽȨ
誵ͷʱԺʱµʶΪŵððʧʧģû뵽ʱܿô࣬˵öĽԡ
誸еһģЦе˵裬ҪҪƬʵ֮ǰ
˭Ҫ裿Ѿ̫ⱲûᣬҲѵ㣬㱻̻˶֪
漴ʱ껰һתڳһүҼѵǸܳˣȻΪʲôûӡƬóҳ򡣡
誴֮ǰׯĵļƬᣬһֱ˵żԼҲ
誰ֻݹȥ涼ǡ
ʱĽӹֻĻԽԽ죬ɫҲԽԽ課źʱҪˡ
͵͵ΧϣûˡȻ᲻̫
˻ᣬʱ걧۶誣Ҳ˵β촽΢ˣʹ˰ɡ
ܺãϤĺʱꡣ
ʱֵͷһᣬղ˵ҼǲħõƬ
誵ͷ
ƬǲǸ˰ǶļĳƬͷֲе˵ͦࡣԺҪǱׯλƬǵһܱܡȻǺʷ
ŶׯҪǰأ誻ǵøղĽ̻塣
ҪûǰΣëϣ֣ʱһеġ
ϣҡͷء
ѡҪƵŮһѡͨûôõĶ
ٹ۲۲졣
ʱôһѣ⼸ׯı仯Ѿ˴𰸣ȷҲûʱ˵
Աвˣ͹ȥˡ뻤ƷԼְԵĻڡ
˳ԵĶܾˣ˵
ʱ꿪͵С³ǰָһɵ椣˵ˣҪԼҲûи˺ϡס˰һԼҪԼĿίȫûֵ
֪㿪ע㣬Ҫ쭳ҲҪϰ߸ĸġ˵Ӹʻȥ
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صңӱóϴ󡱼ҩ΢¯һ£űһȥҩζæȥˢų嵭ǹζ
ϴ꣬ɴˢֻ
΢Ϣ
ϢЦˣ˸ſڴϻϢ
ׯȥô
誣ûӰ࣬ѳȥԷˡأڰ칫ң´ˣ
ׯˡڰ칫ңȻȥϢĩһȥ
ׯӼͻѧУ調ܻڼӰ࣬ȥ
ȥ󣬷ִ칫ҴŽա
еʧ䣬Ҳе㿪ġȥϢҲܺáһֱۣѹС컹һ졣
鴦ˣӦÿվǰ˵Ǿ仰ˡ
ڽûаգܵԡ
лҪ˵֮Ƚ٣Ҿ͵ǸʦϿһγ̺ܿˡ
⣬·һ~
²οס
1.ֵȣ˶֢оչйҽѧ2019.928
2.SE HOON C et al.Combined adult neurogenesis and BDNF mimic exercise effects on cognition in an Alzheimer's mouse model [J].Science 2018 361 (6406) 8821 .
3.CHRIS C S et al.Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder with Iyengar Yoga and Coherent Breathing A Randomized Controlled Dosing Study [J].J Altern Complement Med  2017  23 ( 3 )  201- 207 .

 32 

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ҵ±ʱ賿ʮ壬Ϊ˵ʱо, 誾úϢ˯
ԸΥ
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һĩһɨʱ䣬ƽʱͶעһ, ѼŪ̫ҡ
Ǻʱģʱȷ˹ʱ֪󣬵һʱⷿӡ
ԭǴʱ, ϰĵλúԶסһͲ̫ʡ
ʱʱҪʲô͵ķӣһҪѧУ˯߲õʵڲԸѹʱ仨°·ϡ
ʱжǿûҵӣʮƽһҪһһķӺѣһͲһһࡣ
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ڿһǵĵɳϣֻ
һϷ׼ȥϴּ䡣
̧ۿܣûϴּģѰҡ
ߵһսǴڿϴּ䡣
ϴֳϴּŵĲ⣬̲Ũܣɫͣȥ⿴
ƿţ߳ȥ
߳ͷ˵´űˣ誾ʹؽŲݡ
һ׼һʱͻȻһϤ
û͵ׯѡڱȽصĵط죬Ӧ£Ȼڿľͺá
һһ˵ׯܰԤԼһ֮ǰҽ̫ԼˡҶǰˣûʱ䡣ҲȲˡ
誾ϤĵͳãҵȻʡϢ˵
誾ԭء
֮ǰĲ²û
£ׯ׿ڸᵱ֪˽Լ
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֣֪ѯʦ
ڽ䵥ɳŷʲôҲû룬Դտյġ
Ȼ֮ǰµˣ֤ʵ֮ﻹǺܣԴҲеҡ
˻ᣬ˺誣
ع
ׯ߹º͵˵ǲеģû£
ҸϢɣȻῴ³Ųס˵˿ȷʵûֵ˼ˣҲׯҸط˯õѡ
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誸ׯ¥
ׯƿһ䷿ţǮķ䣬ӦֻסҪǲϢɡ
ۣãԸרŸ䡣誸̾
Сķ䣬¹ױ̨ɳһŴشɫĴŷƮ
ش⿴һƬ̲ݵأ⿪ԶɫԼɽķ羰䷿ĵλ÷ǳá
õѡ㲻þׯ˵ƿһţϴּ䣬һϴƷáȥñˮ
ׯȥš
誱شǰпţ⻨̣ɫɫʲôûȥ
еơ
˻ᣬű򿪵תׯһ̡
һ̣ڷһЩкõˮǩһ޿ֺһװˮ
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˿̵е㲻һ
ԭһϢľıˡ
죿ׯ顣
ðд⣬ʵ˵֪Ҫʲôĵ̫֪࣬ôڡ
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ܵᡣ
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ֻ۽΢һ˿ȣܿƽû˵
ضȡׯϡ⼸ζʲô誺
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ûˡҡͷ
ֵׯɻԭԤ˺ܶ˿̵ĳҲҪʲô顣ֻҪʣȫ
調ׯ飬֪ԭߵĸࡣ˿ûȤ֪˽ˣ͹ˡ
죬Цǽľ͹ˡõ֪Զ㣬ġ
ׯ۽ͷеᣬԵ˵ׯʶ֮ǰ28Ҳġ㾭ʲôҶܡ
һɾ޴ϲϮ˵ԼĸܣֻеѣΣ漴ϲʵʵֿ˳ӿһ½û
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Զڸϲ
調ׯϲм΢΢ЦЦ
Щ˵ˣáĸܡ
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ƯȵϢһҷʱֻۿȣЩԶ
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˵ֻޡ                    
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ʵдøͻϷѪһ㣬ߵ񾭣и׷ĵĶ
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дΪҵŮܽġҪᣬŮҶܰ
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ȻǸߺҵ˫߲СׯڵƪӣϾܸŮƥһǸˡ
ոһûд񫣬ʣµƪ̡ÿ»ᾡд㣬̴׷صʱ䡣ӭ׷ġлл~
⣬ҶԸʱʲôҪڹ̶ʱ賿ʮ㡣
ʱܿҪˢһܳӰ˯ߡԸʱҪ󣬿һ¡ҿʲôʱ¸ʡ

 33 

˻, ƽһ˫ֻׯǸ˻Ӧ
ׯҲ˼, ˱ø
ׯһҪ󡣡調޹֮մȾˮЩɳơ೤ᡣ
, ˵ׯɱ誣֪ڿޣҲ޵ԭ, Ӧ԰ø
ʱҪ⹫ϵɣرѧУ
˼˻, ׯ˵, ᲻ί
ЦЦ, ǾԼͦлǲݣܵ˴, ί
ǡ¹ϵȴܱ֪, 㲻ƽׯ͡
誵Ĺǣ⡣
ǽ, ѧУص˲š誸һԺ󲻹ȡʲôĳɼҿܶ뵽, Ϊ課Щġ
ƫԱƫְƫΪһŬҪۿ, ԭӦĹâҲܱΪıӻ
ڳΪŮ֮ǰ誣һŮġ
áѧУͬ¡ׯӦⲻеơŮܵģ誸ֻηηš
СȻῴҲҪɣ΢
ׯЦã´οǾͲͬˡ
֪ǺˡһٷĹǴͬ±£ҹƶ棬ⲻ˱ʡ
ӵһᣬ󱳣ҵױӦûˣȥۣҪ
ղứƺѿ
ׯɿˣۡ
調һ۶ˣվ򴽣գۣյߣѵˮҶ㣬˵ۡ
תùױ̨ϵİȥϴּ䡣
ֱϴּŴֹϵׯۡ
һ㣬һ¾ɳϽ˻ᣬŷӦû뵽ôһ
ϥϣĨĨ˫ֶǲסЦˡ
ϴּţڷⲽ̫̫࣬ˡϲáϲ̤ʵ㡢ҸԼм
ղ޵ǺͻȻܴ̼һ±ƵġһͷҪͻƳĻ
˻ᣬ΢ͷҡǶֵűҡҡͷ
Ըղˡ
û뵽ͬʱеգղŲӦôġ
ղ˵꣬Ѩȫû˼뷨˵ʲôʲô
ҸʱԽԽ͵֫ٺͨ͸񱻹̳
ûйĸоֻҪѸ¡
ֻ룬Ժɣ֪誡
ʱʱϴּſڡ˳ղŲһҲԶԶ
調žеԼǡüҡβԾͬʱȷһ£ղűˡ
֮֮⡣
ûϡΪҪٵȵȡ
Ӵׯʵֻ£ȥʼÿһνӴܿġÿһζ·֡
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˽죬һʡ
ЦŲױʰһ¶ȥ
žͿ΢Цׯ
Щ˼صͷղǸǾٶġǿ̣ˡ
ûеɽûǿԵġ
ׯһֱע
誱ܿ񣬺֪ĺߡ
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ͬʱҲΪ
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ׯΪȲɣ
군Ҫôȣ
ץŰͷľͷһ㣬תǰˡ
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ͷһٱһᡣ
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ﵴһ¡
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һμ棬ڽǿ̡
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ǴǺøСʱŮ򵥣һһεľϲ
Ŷ㿴ϵҵĲŻе㲻⡣ϾŮǿԼֵġ
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㻹ͦǳġЦ˵ͷ˲䣬˸ĽǶȡ
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
ͷȤؿׯ
ׯһ֪ˣ͹ȥ˵˵绰
Ǯ֪ϲ㡣ׯ͡
Ŷıߣҹģĵʡ
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ҽܾˣô죿ӣɰʵףǾׯͦ棬ʲôش
׷󡣡ׯס誵֣ܼᶨ˵
ҪһֱܾأΪ
ֻҪûˣҾһֱ׷󡣡
㻹ִͦš
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ҪҲֻ㡣ģˡׯ§誵
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Ҳ¡ҪǸСҾȥС⡣
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ׯ誵Ҫ˵
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ҿ
ҪҪ㲻Ҫռұˡȥơƿׯߵشǰ
ׯߵ󣬴Ӻ滷סãȻ㡣
***
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ղһ
ˡ
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ߵЬӣſڴϣŴ˫СػΡ
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ۿɼԺʱж಻ͷۡ
ûʲôʵģͼع
ϸڣ˵ĽǼʱںʡ
ûˡ
ˣ°ɡ˵誻ء
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ŶãҸ㡣㲻Ҫ̫Ϊ
С誣ԣտʼ첲աǼ¡㰲ţǰ˵ʱ䣬Һðһ¹ʱ
á
˵绰ڴϡԴ΢΢ȣϵ£ڵϲʵ̫ˡ
볪衢ȥܰס¶˸ɾҪøַʽйĿġ
һСʱȥԼڱȼһ㡣
ȥϴּ䣬ž￴Լ糺죬˫ۺ죬ҲǺͮͮģ۾εķѡ
ǰħôκλױƷá
ղŵһСʱղŷÿһϸڣׯÿһ飬ÿһ仰ҪԺҪء
һֱ洫ׯ֣誣
誷𴲣ҵߵЬӡ
ţ΢Цŵˣůȵƴϣһ͵Ĺ⣬þ
課ׯŹϣ˯ô
˻ᣬû˯šô˷ܵô˯ȥ
ôȻ¥տ벻ȥȥĻ㡣ׯ˵
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㲻ỹɣ誺档
ԡׯŪ誵İСɵָͷһȻʮֽۡ
㲻ôһֱ
С
ʲô̧ͷʡ
̫ܲŮѡ
ŶüŬôҪҪеġʧر˵
ãŬ
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ͻȻǰһƬӰձһ£ȵϢ͵ͻɤ
誾ýԼҪˣڸƿǰˣׯʦȥտɣҶӶˡ
ܼȥˡ
ׯ誼룬ǣ֣ߣʲôҸ㿾
סţ⡢ᡭæϲ
ׯŤͷˣ
ţܶ΢Ӧ
ʵҲûк֮ܶǰׯˮҲͳ顣
ǵ͵ģźô˾޶
ſڣ調ٿׯָܼǣˡ
ׯŷӦֻڨڨɿ
˲ȥһ·ϣֱʱʱһʼΪ˲һ£ػذֵʱܻ
ⲻˣׯֻǻ֡
˾ǹġ
ߣ誴󲽳ǰߣһξ룬ˡ
ôˣҪǱˣȻ᲻֪жѡ
뱻ʣһܡ
ʱׯѾ˿ܣ˻Ŵϰ˲ˣͦ
˸ˣ˴ɴһտϵľ
һ֪ǾеĻÿ˶Цݵ죬ɢ
ׯֳùһɳ̲ΣǰȻҿ˸㡣
˵꣬;䡣
ׯĺУɫºɫп㣬¶˫۰ʵһ˫¶ɡ
ߵһŵĿǰ𣬻ûʼտ
Ǯˣ߹Ӵׯ·ˣԶˡ
ҿס̫ҪˡֻǮ˵Ŵùһǩ׹
ġׯӹ˵
Ҫ˭Ǯ⡣
˵أׯʡ
ǮһţãˡȷŹ㡣Ȼѹúñ֣˺ԸУ¶һ֣֤誱Ե
ׯؿǮһۣҪ
ǮʶȤ߿
Ҫͣ棬ˢܷͣѹ
ׯִӲһЩţ⴮ᡢһſͣˢͣˢϣʱʱ棬ܿ
æȻ졣
һ߿šһŷׯѡطϷ緽տ̾ʹ
˻ᣬеģߵׯԱߡ
ܿͺáׯϷ˵
żûҿ԰æģ誻һܡ
ãҪǾģĴǱǧȥһᣬȻԾСׯָڵķλ
ҸѧϰôտɣһʲôҲͦ˼ģԺһе˵ȥ졣
һСѧҲԣ͵档ׯ˵ţùһţ⣬ݸ誡
誽ӹˢͣղһ߿ׯġ
ԡׯ˵ùˢţˢһ͡
ţǰƵģѾζ
ǩСİţŵϣ͵ε̿ϣ죬ͻȻܳһŻŵɿǩ
ׯ׷˸棬Ťͷŵʣͽˣûб̵
ûеˡ뿾Զţ⣬Щľ˵
ׯ߹ͷȥǱţѧ̴󣬶Ƥá
ãҲˡ誶ԼڳշΪ츳ú
תŤյׯߣС˵ׯʦҿԸ𣿡
⣬˶ġ
誣
ڵĽҪôӦһ¡
»صϣݱæµׯ˿û360ȶģֻϣżҽǶȡ
͸ͷһˢϣһᷭ棬㡣
ȷʵеˣԾʿˮ
ܿ죬ׯԴ֣ҲˡҶԸĽ
誽ӹҧһڣе̣ζ治漴ЦĴָܺóԣԴ85֡
ҪĿռе󡣡ׯ˼
˵Ը99ڴôͣ뿴ûиľϲЦŽ͡
ׯصǰղŵ
á誻ء
ܿţ⿾ˣݹȥ誺ܿ𣬡θ87֡
Ա֡
ׯרտ
Ա߻мܣһܣеݱ
Ҷܻ֣ʱʱЦ֡
調ȺϢʮˣеп
ʱ򣬿ͣĳ֪ׯӦöͦǮǼ̨۸񲻷ơ
ΪһȺֺУ;ۻȾƵ˦ƹ񡢹Ӹ磬ʮָմˮ
ῴǣҶ䣬æտɫ֮ǰμӹľۻࡣ
ЩҲͦòġ֮ǰڿͷ⣬ҪҪǵϷȻ࣬óҶͦƵġ
ׯһȺѣǼͦõ¡롣
˻ᣬׯֵݹһȻἦͺˡ
ҧ⽹۵ĿŶͷׯӲϳֽݸׯʦ
˫æŵׯƫͷҲ
誽ؿΧִҵעߣ͸æ˲漴߿
뱻˿
ʵׯѾ֪ˡֻǴǲھװ֪
һ֪һ˸𿾣һ˸ԡ
ֻͨͬ¹ϵׯûҪԼһܣæֽŲմأһ͵ˡ
ԣׯȡŮ
ҶǳˣԸ֮ԾͶĬĲ߷ڲͬ磬Ҳû˽ۡ
׿죬誽ӹҳԱˣׯʦ㿾һЩԼԵġ
⽹ۡ׺ˣҧ˿ڣЦ˵100֡
ׯǣԺٸ㿾
á
һֱʮ㣬տҶ̱ϣϵǣǺͱͦġ
ׯϴ֣һë̺誴ϣµͣҪ
ллЦ˵
ղտʱΧ¶ȲͣˣԸеϮˡ
ׯԱߵ£ϥϣϵˣҪûȻȥ˯ʼпСʱ
뿴һǡͷŸ첲˵
ܿܶǡеؿҹɫĻϵǣ̤ʵұһϵģŽ
ׯûٴţóֻʼ
һʼŤͷԱϵ誣۾ˣ˯ˡ
ׯһ߿˻˯ˡ
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ׯֻߵԣС誡
ӦӦǳ˯ˡ
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ڵƹۣͷסϷĵƹ⣬һƬӰ
¥ƿţ˷ڴϣЬϱӡڴرߣ˻˯еˡ
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ӵһûǸǿƵŮ෴һֱǳ棬˫峺¡
ӦôСͱĺܺá֪ʲôļͥ󣬵Ӧзǳĸĸ
Ժߣϣһֱݴ档
ȷûղŵĶŪѣͷͷҴñӡỺش¹óһ·ȥϴּ任·Ȼ¥
ȥϵԣȥȡ˱ˮ¥
СĹţϵȻ˯
ׯɳ£򿪵ԣʼ
ʱʱϣϵ˷˸ӱǺñӣա
ܰܰ
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һҹҲ
˻ᣬ̧ͷŴЦЦġ
ٴȷһ£ˡ
лҪ˵ԺϾŵ°ɡ

 34 

Ǳѵġ, ںܰҲһƬͷ, ִβйԺ㿴˶ŵԵׯ
ׯϵĶ, ѵԷһߣ߹ȥڴر, ʣǲǿˣ
ղŵտе, Ϸŵе, ׿ڿʡ
šˣ˯˶ãô, е¡
㣬ǵȻȥׯ˵, ùͷϵˮݸ誡
誺뱭ˮ, ˺ܶ࣬ƿӣʲô, ̧ͷʣ㱧ôҼǵ֮ǰڿǡ
㿴˻Ǿ˯ˣ, ҾͰ㱧ˡׯϵͷ
ǲǺأе顣˯ǰ˺ܶණ
ءׯվ´
Ů, ҵزᡣܱöʱͲˡһЬӣһ˵
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ۣJ޺˧ֵһˡŮߺ
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 35 

µһ, 誴ʵңæýŲմءϵĿʣʵ鲻ˣҪԺʿϴᵽĿʼǰ, ץõеʵʱԱá
ׯ֪æ緹
Ϊ˱ӣѾôȥ칫ȷˡᾡڷʱԷѮ, ¶ҲˣڷһҲ̫䡣
ʱʱյׯϢעϢ調Ϣʱȥ˼Сʱ
ûмʱϢ, ׯȫ⡣ʵæûġ
ż϶пյʱ, ˻ׯ칫
, ʵ, ϵȥׯ칫ҡ
ûо۹ϰʱӦñľ룬ǶĬûи֫Ӵرڹʱ
, ڰ칫ǰϸÿݡ
ҾⲿҪһӻƽȥ, ⡣꿴ŵ˵
ţȴۻһ㡣WordмصķӣдʱԲοһ¡ׯԼĵ, һļ誡

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ׯȫͬ룬д
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誽ӹׯݹĻͲѧߣ΢Ц˵Professor Walther thank you for your excellent speech today. I have a question about the role of pyramidal neurons in ventral  hippocampal CA1 area in depression
ׯվԱߣʳ⣬һ͵
ѧ߻شֳ꣬ʦվһۡ
һʱҺ֣ҷ׷˵ԼĹ۵Ϳ
רעţ
˴աԴϴʱĺպ󣬻ĺվͱȷǳ滷ˡ
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׼뿪ʱ򣬴СĴָ˹һ¡
̧ͷڸѧ̸ЦһׯģȻ뿪ˡ
е̫Ŀŵˣͷø˵˵ڳҪעһ¡
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誼ӿŲͣ򿪺סЦݴָ
һϲ˯ɫɫɫɫɫν۵˯һ11䡣
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мһžµĿƬ֣㡱
Ϥּ
ðɣԭ
лҪ˵Ӣķ룺Waltherڣлл쾫ʵݽڸຣCA1׶Ԫ֢еãһʡ

 36 

, 誺ҩϴ˺֮ŵĴӵƬ׼˯
ϴ, ɴϣеĳˣŤͷ۴ͷ͸ƿ˯, 㣬ܰ㡣
ʲôʱ֪ϲ˯ģƽʱûĹⷽϲá
ˮƶϵģ˼ͦϸܵġ
ڴׯʶĵΡ
ͷߵֻˣù, ϲػ˸, ſڴϡ
׼˯𣿡ͷʡ
, ׼˯, û˯⡣أطôȣػε, ЦŻء
յƵꡣȿˣû˯⣿ׯվھƵشǰԶƻͨĴʡ
û, Ҿż˯߲̫á誱ͷ˵
˵Ự
㲻ôһ춼ûͣЪ
ۡׯ˵뵽˷ɻĻ誣֮ǰǲúܲãûܹ׷ĸо
ΪʲôͻȻô˵֪ô, ׯô˵ﷺһ˿
ںʱһ³ܡΪһС, Ů޵úһֱں塣һֱ˷ɻϣں壬ӦŮܶҪ, ˣŮŲޡׯͣһ¡
˵ҵʱ룬ҵһֱܶ£ܹԡҴõıõĸࡣ
ͷ渵һһĻۿͻȻһȣ˻˵֮ǰһֱĥ͸˼Ϊ㲻ϲңΪ飬ҲҸ֡Ҳû֡
Ƕʱ䣬Ҳѹеĸо
Բ㲻ҵʱҲиٶҶԥˡׯ˵ĩ˵˾䣬˸ġ
ׯڷɻϣȷʵʡ˺ܶࡣ
㲻Ҫ˵Ҳ²ܳҾˡû㾭ģҲû֢ⶼǸڱû취ͬܡ֪㵱ʱȱȫУ¸иദΪ㲻ٴܵ˺Ҳ˺ҡ˵
ׯһû˵ǳϡ
ߵ䣬ɳϣϣ誴˿̾ߣ/
ֵõġ
һֱȴţܸܵׯǸУ˼ϸˣҲܸܵڷʡЩھΡ
ûΪȥĲȷź鱾Ͳһ仰ֱӱģǶʱ䣬󲿷ʱǿĵġ
෴ׯվǰ˵ϲ㡣
ԥҪݸ顣
ȥİתǧأʲôǰ顣
úߴһ䣬ԺһúһЩ
㰡誻˵ܿ죬һתׯʦҪҪʲôԼŰ졣
ˣСӣǵõĳȨ޿֡
áׯӦʹġ
ǲǻû課
вˣû͵õģһչ˺Լׯ˵꣬
ߵűߣţǷԱͲ͡
ͷĶˣǲϽԣϽ˯ɲɡ
ã˯ŵĻҴ绰
ã
㡣
誹Ҷϵ绰ſͷϣׯղŵĻůůġ
ʵ֮˭Ķ࣬Ķ⣬ûǹһǲŸտʼĽǶȣԼׯõ˺ܶ࣬ǺƽȵĹϵ
ׯУкܶдڴ˵һЩΪգȻ֮øá
Ǹִûˡ
ԺиྪϲУ誳˯ȥ
***
һ˯ṳ́ʵ
ʮ㣬ȥҼҡ֮ǰ˵ýҾ۲͵ġ
˵յһֺòˣȥҲ䷹ΪǾһС
һʦľͶȥһ¡
ҵȺİ壬
Ҷһ
㡢
ּᡢˮţ⡿
Ϻˡ

Цһ㱨ԼԵĲˡ
誵˿ҼңȥʳģˡǱЩԭϿҶˡ
ʦҪЩ˰š
԰ǱҶһ߸ȥһ˵
Աߵס
誴žȳ˳Ա¡
ŮɳϣĬĬų
ԽŮɣ˵
ҰﲻæЩᡣƽʱ˶ܰԼ˿ȫڹסųϹͬȡ
һǿ誻ء
ɶʲôŤͷʣѾǾˡ
ҼһѲ˵ûСػء
ȻҪԱȣ˱ˣϲˡЦ
һѡ
Ͳ˼ıƴֳûˡ
ȻǾͷơɳϿʼϷ
誣עߡ
˿ˣΣհ

ŮڿݱڳæȻ졣
һϷֻģȥ
ʣҪæô
ᣬζôҰѼӹʢ
æǿ԰ġ
誺һ飬׷Ĵָ
ղڿˣǲô߶ʮһ䣬һϸĳԻ
ʵϣζ治
ڳתһȦкõĲˣûʲô԰æ顣
˿
ûϷˣ졣
誣˵ҪҪϰһ³հԺܲһֱһɣ
û£誵ػءǵׯ˵
ҲŶҲǲе㲻Ͻ᲻Ҳԭ򣿾ûĸʡ˼
ĸҪҲҪʡ課ͣҡͷд˿ܡ
ҲһŮɣ
ҾÿԣֻҪԸͿԡȻ
ǵҸ˲СֻʵģһҲ᲻ǵĺãֻױ׼Ҫǡ̾
ׯĻ׼пһŮ
軹أ
ţ绹иסͷˡĩܺúϢһա
ʱߵԣʳġ
һȿҽ󣬷˵Ҫһ£
̫ˣ²֡Ⱥҡͷ
誾û¡µԼиоУǵϴǼׯ̸ʵ¡
誵ʱǷԵġû£ˡ
ԵʱׯƵñǼϣʱׯʦܰæһЩ
ʮ㣬ȫɡ
誴Ӱóһƿƣݸ̣Ǻɡ
ֲܺȣþƹ̽ӹ˵
ֿܲտյعҲƣҲ֪òúȡ˵꣬¡
þƣƿƿɲˡ̿ƿ˵
¡ƿׯġ
֪ĩҪȥҼҾ۲ͣڶ°࣬ׯһƿƸȥҼҡ
Ҳ֪۲ҪʲôһƿҲˡ
ƣΪƽʱҺȵͨƣû¡
һţվչȥۣȣȥⲻĲ޵ںôûɣ֪һƿһɣ
ÿӵֶס
治֪ô
ǲ˵ѺǮҲп͸ġ
ҿڣ誣Ҳ̫˰ɣһƿƾһµĹ˰ǻȵȥ𣿡
ѸٷӦѽġûôǮһ͵ģҲȾƣùҺȣȻҲǷšǸϽȣƴڵ岻Ǳȵô
¨ѾˣãǾͺȵǽٷɸˡȵȣĸƬ
ֻԱ
һٷԵ˸߲ҡ˺þ㣬ֳꡣ
һԹܶηҶԼһ⡣
㷹誺Ծȥϴ룬Ȼ̫ˡ
ڳˮر졣
ϴˣԺҽ飬һ¾ϴɨػˡǲ֪ʲôʱˣи޻˾ˡϴ˵
ǲеˣ誻е֪֮
ʵңǶڿ죬û˼档
ҵרɣôһǺҲôûùػء
ȽԼֺ֮ܿ˵Լ
̬һ
㷹ĸ̱ɳϣɢ졣
·ݽĹȻð·ݳɣʡ
ţġǽ𣿡˵
е㣬Ҫǽ겻Уѹ껹УǾҪˣ˵ҪѧУɨسš˵
ҲǣҪƪ¡ͷĿһ룬ܷƪƪĻһͷûС˵
Ҳǡ֮иٴصĿ⣬ҵõܣʵʱ١˵
Ǹɣ˵ˣܴһĿҪ֢ˡǰʱϵǸѧ벻Ҳͦ˺µġ겻ѡ
˵ѧУҪûôӲԿָ꣬ǻ᲻øжһЩܽʵĿ⣬Ϊ˷¶£ʡ
ңҾùǺ˵ޡԽԽ밲ȣԽûҲѧУְ˵ԭ֮һ 
ѹܴҲܲʱеɥô飬ô㹤ʣźְܴѹʱỳɵΪʲôҪѡСеߡ
̣ţˣΧһЩ˵Ҫ밲Ĵ»ееҵףȻᱻԼѹĥû˶־ùҹ

ĩôôɥͷȻֱϷվ顣
һֱĵ㣬ҸظңҸ衣
***
·˵ԵĴȥɳһ߿糡Ӣһ߳Է
輸ϵֻˣùϲ̻ιׯʦ
𣿡
ڳԡأˣ誷¿˵
ţտꡣô
úܿġĺǺȵúܿġ
˵꣬ûׯĻش𣬵绰ͷׯڸӢｻûæꡣ
Ǹղи˹кׯͷ˵
ֻֽһ绰ǡϴ󡱡
Ǿ󵽰ɣȽׯĵ绰˵˾
㻹ûԷɣϽԷϢ誴ߴ١
żȸһᡣ춼ûϵ㡣ׯ˵
һпվʹ绰ˣϵĵһˣ귢Լеƽˡ
ǵһʲôϵ
е˾ɣϣԷֻԼ
š
꣬һҲ㡣ڿҼңķ˺ܶˡׯʦĲô
ںƵ⣬ڵ绰̸ۣ֮˵
һĲû⣬ĿζƫһһЩһȥׯվڻȾͷ
˸кͷʾһ¡
ׯʦʮȫܰ㻹˵õıҴõĶ࣬⻰˵ˡ
ûôĿǰһϸѡ
ϸĺϸģ㲻ҪҪôߡںܿİ
Ϊ㡣û£ׯŴĵƺ̣ȥǰûôпصĳߡ
ţʱ仹ܳ
Էɣٴ绰㡣Һ㣬誡ׯ˵æ𣬾˿Ըϵ
ҲȥԷȥ㣬ܼˡء
ƺһʼһɶûУǺȻŶԷ뱧ס
Ҷϵ绰˻ᣬ課Ÿϴ󡱲ȥ
绰ûϴᵽׯһȥ˵ɣҲϴ󡱻ʲô̬ȡ
һ㵣ġ


 37 

, ڼﻨʱ˽һ¡
֮ǰ׼ѯʦҪ˽һЩҪ󡢱̺Ϳʱ
˻ϣѧǷҪġҪרŵĻϿΣ֮ſԱĿǰ˵е, Ҫûʱ䡣
ر֮ܵʱͲܿˡ»Ҫĥһ£ԼЩ̲ѧϰ
ʵ֢, һСΪǸԸеˣԼҲûù˽֢֪ʶ, Ҳ޷ͬܵġ
⣬⻼˵Ϊֹǵжʹ, Ծ󲻳еʮ֮һ
ׯԺܻḴ, ûԼܽ˼ά
ҲûΪ, ׯǿֻǲ֪һ˶ʱ£ż뵽, ܲζ
ʰһ飬˿֮ʱƻ, ׼ȥ
Ųŷëëꡣ
ˮɵģܼȲߣ·Ϻܶ¡űȽ, ʱׯĺӦøأƻлų
վڽӻڶ, Ϣ˵Լλá
һֱû˳ֱ̧Ӧó˰û㲥˵ɻ㡣
ΧӻˣһһЦӵȥ
Ҫ绰ɣûҵԼ
յͷڰֻ, ˾ͱһʵűסǱ˴סġ
ϤζϤӵơ
ת̧ͷͿϤףָ˴ؿڣôЦøɵһ
ǵһҽӻˡ˼˾
ԭأֱס󱳡ȻׯЦ˵仰ȴһᡣ
ԺҶ㰡ѹᣬЦ˵
ãǲǵ˺ܾãׯӵŻ˵
ûôֵģ誻ɻ
ׯת˸ȦɿһЩָǱ˵VIPͨġ
ѹ֡ӶȥԷϢ調ƣׯ˵
ҸطԷɡҲû԰ɣ
á˵߳˻
誴Ӱȡɡׯùȥſ䣬Ҹ첲ס誼򣬰࣬ɡͷ
ʪġ˵µıȽϴ֯˺ڵϽ껨
ᡣע¡
ӵųȥ
ʣ˹ңһůĻдƣ롣
صϣųڵƹ⣬調ׯ·ͷԶʪˣ䲻䣿Ҫóһ·Ȼϣ
ׯһͷϵˮû£áЬǲǽˮˣ
Ҫ誴һ˫ƽ׵ЬЬ׺ܱ
һ㡣ղ߹һ΢ˮĵطˮȥˡ
һ¡
ãӰ쿪ڼʻ˵
ܣֽһ¡ׯ˵꣬
誸æɿ̣Լ
óֽЬϵˮ
ЬӸҡԱ˵
ãࡣ誼ǵׯнģǵˮҪƻܡ
û¡ЬӲŪɣȻŻܡׯ˵꣬ʻҵذϵЬӡ
ׯʦ㲻нôʡ
ѡԽ񱡣
ֽôôû˵調ׯЬʡ
صûнһ˵
誼ǰɫȻϸЬӣͷһԽп̨չȥĲţ
ׯЦЦ
һĶͷߣȻס
϶е̫࣬ʺܵľٶ
ɽźЬӣ誷ʻ
ԽԽ·ϱµˮйͨͷĺƣ˷
ȥСǼԷͿԻȥϢ
調ʱׯһֱע
һ̵·ڣֱǰ֣Ĳһ£㲻Ҫһֱҡ
ÿ
һ񡣡ԸܵׯĿͶ飬емܲס
ׯתͷһаô
һˣһ١
ؼҡ課ɲء
ֵ÷ֿ졣ׯ˵꣬̾˿
ׯʦҪһʱķ롣Һþûؼˣҡأа𣿡ʵ˵
̫磬û誴һؼҡ
ʱûС
ŶúϢһ¡ͦ۵ġʲô𣿡
мڻϳˡ
Ϊʲôô
۵㲻һ˭˵˶ԷΪⳡܣʱһӳ᳡ֺ壬ͷۡ
Ŷôģ
һһ
ǲˣ課ɲЦŤͷʡ
ôңׯЦŻء
϶Ү֢оﰡȻ˵ﾡǽ
ͷΣׯһֱĺܵ˵ֲһĸоûĽ
ׯױ֣һ˵ṩһЩо֤ݣҵһ¡
ðȻߵCPU˵꣬ͻȻ뵽һص⣬ֳŮʦǲǶ۷ŹⰡ
ûע⡣
϶ǣңҲ˵껹˵ͷԼĻʾͬ
ׯƫͷ誣鸴ӡ
誸ܵԱߵĿ⣬һۣ￩һ£ս̣ׯʦҽֻ͡ϾвŻ˲ࡣ
ҲСׯڨڨ˵
誾Ȼ仰һԴ׵ζæͣǲͺͷǴû˧ֵŻ⣬û˳ˣ
صؼԵ˲š
ղԺõģô仰ͰԼȥˣ
ΪʲôҪһѰ
ַӱ
ҪģֻҪ㡣Ȼʶʱ䲻㳤ô˵ܲš誣ʱ϶һ˿ֻҪһ롣϶һ֮ĲŻǻ۽ʱӳ󡣲ˡׯȻ˵
Ŷ誽շ˵ǱͻȻˣȥôе߼
ؼ·һʮ·ڶסŤͷ˵ׯʦϢᡣҽ㡣
ׯɫڶû취
ȻûλᣬֳʱԵĻʱĸоԼȼա
·𱻳գֻҸطšׯΪ˲Ĺͣظϻˡ
ׯ˵ͷϢ
ⲻͣ誾ͰѳׯСλ
誾һ߿˯еˡ۵һƬң˯жšü㵽˶˯ʱʱ任ģֻ
Լʹ࣬Ҫƴһȥ֢⣬ܵš
ŬסҲģֻˡ
ϣвƼµɡ
еۣýϰࡣûгʱ䴭Ϣʱ
ׯ۾Ϳһ˫һգգؿ˶ãôûң
˯ѵеɳƣڳܱտռȻ
ûã˯̫ˣĽ㡣Ҳûע͡
Ӷ˰ɣȥԷׯ˵ţɿ˰ȫ
³ׯߵ䴦򿪣ó䣬ȡһӣݸ߹誡
ϲϲҲ̫رǸŮһ㾭ҲûС
˵ַ꣬Ž˺䡣
ÿеĴӣϵıʶЦˣ֮󣬸ֵòУ㻹Ƕΰٲ
һִ誺ϲǼ֪Ʒư¿۸񲻷ơ
ɫϵͿʽϲá
ллҺϲ誰ѺӷһߣڽűסׯĲӣ˵Ĳྱ
ǲǺûׯϺ˵
ᡣҪĶҲϲ㲻ǰæˣ
ׯǣ֣ͣ
ʱѾ硣бˮˢ£ʪ˵Ŀ˺
˵꣬ϴ֣˸Ľ¡
ͣϲ˵ĹУֿ˻ׯʦϸİע⵽ҵĺܶϲáң񾭱Ƚϴ֪ϲʲô
誻ǵԼǷһʽл֮ǰ鷳ô࣬Ϊѣ¾͹ȥ
ϲҡ
˵һûйϵϲá
ҵܵƽʱǹż򣬺ûʲôˡׯ˼һ˵
Ŷã֪ˡ
Ժøôˣϴҵƿƣ˵ܹ󣬶ܵһ¹ˡе̫ˡ誰ѺƵ˵ˡ
õģܸ
ҸоԼǸǮŮѡԺǲҪˡʱնԷﵽȻ̹Ȼĳ̶ȡ
Ըϴ󡱸ǮҲ뻨ׯǮ
ׯŶˣ˻ô˵ҳ˹ʣһЩͶʡϴǮʱģҰһǮͶˡǮķ棬㲻õġ
ǮʾܻǮ¡˵Լ뷨
ׯûٽʲô誺ܶϻ˼ΪǮҪ
극ׯ誻ؼҡʵܽߵúǣ֣졣
Ѿʮ㣬¹Ŀֳʪζ㵽Ʋˡ·£֦Ρ
еϣһ誵ԴͻȻׯסϰ΢ѹڻ
ϵˮΣ׹ϲˮ紵䡣
ׯȫסˡ
󾱣ȻˮæׯʦһˮȻ·ˣˮġ
û£Ȼȥϴ衣ׯ˵ֱ誳·ԱߣԶ֦
СſڣûŽȥڲ۵һ䣬þõؽǡ
ϲ˫ǡ
ֻһΣԱ֮ǰҪֱ
ּ档
һ鵽һĻʱĻͷΡ
ģһҲûС
ʱׯϵɣ˫һ׹ׯۼֿ§סˡ
ſؿڣһᣬ˫Ȳҵ֪
ʱе㶪ˣԺҪôʱˡ
ׯһһ¸󱳣̫ˣûס
ȥϢɣҽȥˡվֱ˵
ֱ˻ᣬׯŷſȥֱܲӰת뿪


 38 

һǰ, 誻һοҪϡ
һׯ칫ҸᵽµʱЩп
ѧϿΣʵҲջ, Ҷʱڿ˴ף֢ûϿ֮ǰ˺ܶࡣ˵
Review̸ˣʵԲƵׯʵҡ
һҪֿ, æʵ飬϶ʱദ
誾ͰԼõׯʵңһ칫
Ȼ󲿷ʱ仹Ǹ, иˣоһ
㻹ҪΰɣׯԼĵʡ
, ֮ǰҾǸ¡ѡ޿αϵı޿ΡŤͷ˵
Ҳ, Ǵѧڼһ֢صĿ, ԸԸѧϿΡø˽֢ˡǴ㿪һ200ѡ޵ĿΡׯ˵˰յ֪ͨ
ʱׯյ֪ͨ, ѧڴһ֢صĿγ̡
ׯΪҪϵſΡýϵ誣誵뷨Ϊֱϵ, ܻ誾ν̵òãһֽ뻻˵Ĵ
ſαϾûüعʱƸ誵ġˣϿǺ¡
񴦵ʱĻӦ, ʦ괺ΣԭſǻᱣĿ＾ġʦΣæߵ˼, ûʱ䣬ƻǵʦϡ
ׯʱֱ˵ſΡ
200˰е࣬PBLѧˡÿοζݽһ, ÿνһ⣬ÿ90ӡҵ찡͸ÿһѧ㱨һѹܴׯʦæù𣿡誹һºе㾪ȡ
ٴݽÿһݽµѹرǵԵһȺ໴ѧʱ˵ÿ۵㶼Ҫصġ
ʱ伷һܻеġׯػء
תתӣֻס˵Ĳӣ󱳣ׯʦҪˡ
û£ø˽֢Ҳͦáׯرס˵
ţһ͡ʱȥϿΰȡȡЦ˵
Ѿúܺˡ
ȻһءȥϿΣ᲻ѹЦʡ
ѹӦûãֻҿ̲סһֱϿׯ˵Ű誱ϣŸ
ģٹ£ƶҶˡһֱ뿴ġ鱣ʱ䲻ֻô£ڶͰˡ
ºܲ飬ˣҲûá
誴ЦסĲӣͷͷЦû
Ц˺ܾã課ƽ׼һĿΣһοˣҺúβ
ׯҲʼ湤
˺һСʱ칫ֻʣͼ̵
˶ǼָԵˣ;żɣùʱ̽״̬һ㣬Ƶʺһ¡
һֱʮ㣬׼Ͽεϣ˿ˮαϣһϿεݡ
ׯŤͷۣ֪˼ûš
˻ᣬվ塣
ԱߵׯϵԣѵƵһߣվתס誣΢
ûϵճڣѾˡ

誻ûŪףһȵǾˡ
СҲ֮ǰǳǳĴ봽Ľ˴Ҫĸ࣬µĳԣѷᡣ
˻ᣬ칫зֲ˭ش/Ϣ
ڽ£ԭʼĿ
ǣ誶ǱһҲǽҹɫֻסǰ˵Ĳӣ˫ֱԴǡ
ƺҪ򲻿ʰķչһʱҲûֻ١
ҪİѶԷѪ
֪ǽϵʱת˶Ȧ
誳ѷУѾ˼ˣǹһǲֿ
ǻʣһ˿ǵׯſ֮ľ롣
˷غ࣬ѵˮĴ
칫Ҳ֮ǰƽ˸֯һ
ƿׯǰֹˡ
ׯֻͷϣֳƽϢղŵļҡ
誶ߴ˻ƵĲ񻰵ĵͳһ
ȵϢߣ鷢ֻͷһ
ҪʲôһˣʱһҶ 
ĳҪƽϢҴܵĻ𣬰
ׯǰٶһΣ֮ǰǫǫӣڵľ޳ջռϷ磬ʧ֮ǰʱס
֮Ḷ́˳Ȼ̬ȣûзǵý뷨
ûζǰ˵Ŀ
ׯôģ˿Ըоڽơ
˻ᣬߺƽһЩʣ᲻᲻̫ã
Ըоϵһ£Ȼ˵еĹҪ㶼ܵڲż
šָ֣/ͷͷкŵζܸɾỺζ֮ǰŵΣÿζ̫һ
ͻȻ뵽һ⣬ׯʦǾˮô
гõļ֣ôˣ˵˵ɵơ
Ժ㻹ǹ̶һְɣ顣֪ô˿еԵ
ϾˮںͷǰŮΪĦ˹֡
ׯ˼ˣЦˣáرϲζ𣿡
־С
á
䣬ͻȻһ칫ҡ
Ǹڰ칫ҷģ͸߿ŵĴ˽
˽һׯ̧ͷü
𣿡ǰʡû飬֪áڰ칫ѾˣͻȻ
ٵȻᡣ
Ŷ
˺޻ԼͬעڵĶ
һһŮҲ󣬿Ǻҹ̫ݡ
ֹʮӣׯֱ誱
Ȼׯû˵誺Ծûеҿ
ڻڳܡ
ׯߵߣֹϴ
Ȼذ칫ҡȻ᲻Ҫһ¥Уټ档誵˵֪ǲܵӰ죬е顣
ãȥϢׯ֪Ĺǡ
ϵԺֻ򶨵سȥˡе㵣ˡ
ôˣϾеڻ
ֻô͵/Ĵ̼
Ժȥ칫ˡȻҪ֡
誻ذ칫ҷµԣȥϴּ䣬ϰţ¥
ߵУ⣬ׯѾڵˡ
ǰùеİǣ֣·ư˵Ӱӵһˡ
磬΢ɫ߸Ь·ǰһ
Сſڣֱ˻ᣬߴᣬΣ㡱
صңžУգ˫˫΢ף΢΢ȡ
ӰϿΣȥȡס
Ҳǰ̫ۻɣϴ꣬ɴϣ˯ܿ죬һ
***
һοΣ絽˽ҡ
ٴվϽ̨һβĶӣЦ
ҪѡһʱΪشıʱ̣⼸Ӧˡ
˵ʼϿΡ
һοΣһ֢֪ΪƷCBT調ͷ
֮ǰǽ֢˼ά֣ڸ˼ѭҲǷۻ˼άΪ֪ƷĿǰʶ𲢸ıġһ˼άģʽǹΪ֪ƷЩ˽⣿׳⡣
Ϊ֪ƷҪǰѧϰ֪ӦԼܡҪļ񻯵ʱ׽뷨һ˼뷨ȷԡͨǵĸǵ˼άʽĿǰԼΪԼʦѧ˵
ͷʾ42-66%֢˾Ϊ֪Ʒ֮ѯʦͲ˸죬ԾCBTҲͬ

Ϊ֪ƷڲϷչһЩµʽ֪Щ𣿡誼
Ҫ֣Ʒ֪ΪƷͻ֪ΪƷл֪ΪƷҹıĿǰñȽ϶ࡣ
֪ΪƷؼһ֪ؽһЩԵĲ֪и죬̽Ѱĺԣʶ
ҲѯʦãǰѰͬʱھûΪʹܽгֵ裬Ϊıṩ֧֡
֪ΪƷƹһΪ4׶ΡҪʱȽϾãҪٰϡĿǰһּ֪ƷһƴΪ2-10Ρ

۽誻˰Сʱܽſεݣһֱ¿
վڽ̨ϣ΢Ц˵ллôοεϣPBLϿģʽûǵϣѰ졣༶ȺԺӦûڣȺｻϣÿк飬ʱעԼΧ˵ףǰ;ƽǡ
µѧúܶллʦӦ誡
һֱ߳ңʶΪʦ̵ĵһſνˡ
еɣҲЩ㡣
ܻкܴĽռ䣬£ʼգˡ
߳ѧ¥ֻ𶯣óͨ
ˣ
ţˡ֮һʱܶ綼ùˡ誵ͷ·˵
ˡһЩѧ̸۹̵ſΣܻӭջܶࡣʦܰ ׯվ¥ݼĴǰŴ˵
֪ӦڴС߻ʵңȻŨ֦ܵԷǵͷС֡
ʱ誵ʦŮѣͬ¹ϵԼĳޡ
ۣллׯʦͷʵ¥ĵ˵
誣ΪѣҺܽҲˡׯΪѵĳޡ
һ¾ׯֿ˵εĳ޵ԭֻһůׯΪŮѡҺܿģҲҸ
ڱ˴˿֪ĵطм·һε߽һ𣬸֪ԷŵԼһ롣
Ҫʵ𣿡ׯʡ
Ӧÿ꣬д˵Լʱ䰲š
ϲӰ࣬ǳȥԷҪףһ¡ûȥĲ
ʱ벻ȥģ㶩ɡ
á
˻ᣬߵʵ¥ǰ˵ԼҪˣׯ˵绰
˰칫㣬ׯȾͷ߹мʮҡ
ЦЦҲ¶ƯСݣ½칫ҵ˿ûиཻ
ָָ칫ҵţׯЦŵͷ߽칫ҡ
°ϣֵøûׯôϸġ˵ǽΪ͹ˡ
Ǹʽеˡ
һ磬ʵɷʵ飬ǺܿġϵһΪׯݾϲ
һԼݶͬĿģ˻ôϲġ
***
ϣׯȥһŰװ޷ܶأи
Χ˶ʳҲûй̸ཻʱʱ˴ˡ
һٷԵðܰ
ׯСſͣ
㲻³ͽȥˡȥϢƿ˵
ׯ³ˣҴ򿪺䣬óһܾµֽݸ誡
ţû
ѵҪôྪϲôûҪɣֲʲôܴ¡յĹͽѾܶˡ
ȥ򿪿ׯ˵ŰѴӵݸ誡
ׯŪԼѹܴ󰡣Ҷû͹һ㡣ǲŸտʼͰҶڴֵôߡֲ֮һ㣬һкܴİû̽ӹšüЩǲ⡣
ѧϰôŮѣ͵һᣬѧϰⲻѹҪѧȻܡһѧϰ̺òãׯûϵ̬ȣº͵˵
調һоˣЩӣׯҺϲ㡣ûЩ;ϲҲϲ㲻ҪԼܴѹһѧôȻദͺá 
ЩûѹҲõһΪǵĹϵԼЩ˵ף÷ʲô֮ѧϰҵƽ⡣ׯͼôԭ
ׯô˵Ե鳡ְץסеص㣬һĳׯ
ׯЦǰŮ˼άƣĵѧϰ
ûյش誣еƲ֡Ȼ֮ǰʱ궣ׯʷ֮ǰΪûʲô˭ûȥ
ҪǳҪֱӹϵԺ顣
ỳյЩׯǲҲ͸Ů
ղ˵ЩףܿΪḻܶŮ˼־óһ
һô룬Ҫʧˡ֮ǰյ;ϲᶼȻʧɫվǶһ޶ġ
ںܼƽϣƣܲģ˵ܺͱơʱȲҲûȡ
һġѪϵĽͷһ
誣ǵһҲһ֮ǰûˣ֮ҲСׯע誵۾˵º͵ᶨ
誻ׯɺԽׯľٶû̸ˡӦûһʼôðɡ
ׯ誵ǣֻüͣҵ˺֢ܶʼ֢״Ӧ15꣬ܳʱȶǶʱû취˹ദ󲿷ʱ䶼һˡתˣû취˽ܵĹϵ
֮ǰ˵ģڸȱȫСҵԭͥ⣬ûѧôȥһˣӲҪ̸۽Ůˡ誣һʵңԸ߳ȥԡҵûκܸˣԺΪʲôô˵ׯ˵
ǰŮȷʵкܶ齻֯һ𣬲ǰ顣ڲܸܶѹ͸Ժ׵ġ
ϵı飬ͻȻЩǰˣر˵󲿷ʱ䶼һˡʱ
仰Ͽէһûʲôһ£еܡഺھͿʼȶҳʱһˣ治֪ȹǶʱġ
ͻȻҲ֮ǰθϵԥͻò׽һµ磬ԼԻһЩԸ򿪣ȥ
誽ӹסǰˣḧĺ󱳣˵ã֪ˡһѧϰôദòõĵطҲҪҡһߺܾúܾá
ֱġ
ţһȥׯס˵
***
صң誾ַˡ
һڷлûá
ɳ£վһָϣ±һ
һֻ⬱ͲǶѱʲ/ȥǴϵĴ̵ıͲ
ׯ칫ҵһģһ
ѹ˵׼ﲻ÷ʲôΪǳڹ۲죬˼Ҳϸ塣
ûׯ˵ԼϲãҲԴƽʱĴ´硢ΪֹƲϲá
֮ǰ칫ңżԼָϴ⬱ͲĶһ£͸Ƶģܺ档
ûԼҪıͲȻһ칫ҿʱȷʵһ
ϴİҲõİƷƣʽͷ֮ǰİ
ҲǾˡôѧϰ֪ôˣȴƫƫԼҪѧϰ
ҪĶˣĶ˳µ¡
ԼҪĸоܷǳȷܵԼǱġ
˷ܹ課Ͳõ칫ңͷڼһ
лҪ˵ˣҶûдʲôҽд֮½ҪɾͷͺС
²οס
1.Emily Anthes. Depression  A Change of Mind. Nature. 2014 Nov 13;515(7526):185-7.  
2.֪ΪƷӦ½չںѧԺѧ20204ڡ

 39 

ʮϵĻƱؼҡ
ֵׯȥ
һ, ʱ˽𣿡ׯųʡ
УҸ˵˺ʱ䡣誻ء
Ҫڼģõ򲻵Ʊ, ʶչ˾ˡׯĵ˵·ԼǺὨһ㡣
ͷЩЦĿſ, ĵġϼҲҵ
ţ㻹ǳʱһ¡
誳ûס, Ц
ղׯ⻰Ӳˡضͯί
ׯʦżͺúϢ, ҪӰࡣ, ȥ岻áסЦ, ϵı飬˵
ԼǮһȥ㡣ׯԼļڰš
, ͦõġǻѧУô졣
βǡһҵׯתŷ˵
ʽôߣһȤ
һЩ򰮺֯ı̭, Ҳȳھ֮ǰæûһݽСȥ
ź˼Ҳȥ, еϧеź󻰷һתׯʦ, Ҳڣ㲻մǲݰ
ϾڿŮҲ١
誶ׯжŮԼС
ģᡣҾͻȥ, ˵ŮнӴ
ǮŮӦûȥɣϵʽҶŵ㡣ɷнµóֻ
ڴ֮ǰһֱΪԼܴ󷽣ΪԼںЩǸղͻȻ;ĲôնԼҵı͵úúÿš
žǰɣҪ˽ȫռжԷ
ׯûֹڡȻ򶨣ʵܿġ
˻ׯ誵䣬ǣһȥ
˰ڣĥĥĲȥᵽׯϴڻӡᣬǲֿ
ƺ˵ʲô
誾ׯŦۣͷС죬Ϊʲôң
Ҫֿ죬ҪķȲɡ
㡮ҵġׯĵؿڡ

誵ɴۣôôɣԼ˵һ
ðɣЭڽ§סĲӣ׻ˣ¡
ˣˡ

Ҫе㲻ǰˣôأǺ岻ˣ
䣬ͱ˰ס˺ף챻ס
ڽڼĻ˽ǣȫںΧ˵Ŀ⡣ʵգֳֻܳ¸ۡ
ߡ໹ʶͣ˻ǻͶĿ⡣
ûԼô˵ĵطǵġǰþͲ𣿹ڳϰǻ᲻˼ɡ
ֵԼϣԭ
ֻûע⵽ղŵ˰ڣׯûֱӰŶӰĵط෴ѡ˸ȽƫƧ˱Ƚٵһ䡣
ܿǽǵ˲ܶࡣ
ۣΧߡܴ˿̵ᡣ
ûǰ˻ôʱǳᡢᣬ°Ūһ
ʱֻܼңҪ̽ȥԸоɶɵըѡ
ûɡ
ϰ߱ÿᱻȥԷİԼԼȥ飬ȥ̽ѰȥܡֻҪȫ¼ᡣ
˺ܾã誾Ҫϴվסˣׯ
ׯɿ§ڻ˳˵Ź
ȵϢߣϵ¶ˡ
ðɣͶ
ǻʱ䲻ˣҪȥˡׯȥ˰ڡ
ٷֱǰ˱˵עⰲȫ˸ҷϢڼ䣬ӭŮʱšȻԽԽá
һǵһиѵġЦеػء
ׯЦԴĶͷ
ŶӰ죬Ӱׯת뿪
ֻĻڳεĲֹǡ
Ҳ֪ѾӵǸƬ
***
һֱȵ誸Ѿ˷ɻϢׯſ뿪
ûֱӻؼңǻѧУеҪ
һֱʮ㣬æͷϵ£˵ԣ׼뿪
մţͿһŮӸڰ칫ҳ
ŮûϵʱˣԱŵˣһˮ׵۶ʱɴԣ漴ͷ첽뿪
Ű׼ŵׯ룬˻ذ칫ҡʮӣ뿪
ŮʶǿӦһѧ˵£ܡ
***
ʮһ࣬ɻأ߳
ڻˣֻˣֻóʾЦˡʱ绰
ιׯʦ·ɻˡ誻˵
˵𣿡ׯվڷشǰʡ
ҡӦõˡ䣬תӻڡ
˵Ựҵ˸˵
ãҵ˲ҸӵġϢѾˡڽţ쳤ӵҡ
ӦðϴôߣӦһ۾ܿ
ֱһС誡
תҵˣĵػϴ󡯣
绰ͷׯüϴ󡯣𣿡
ʶԼֻӦǣҰְ֡ׯʦȹ˰
ã˸ҷϢׯء
ᡰϴѾߵǰЦùе䣬С誣ӭؼҡ
֣ȱһ¡Цرģ˵ֱ꣬סǰˡ
ΪסԼΨһĺӣЦ˵ʮˣСһ
ҲܶͶĺӡԺˣҲĺӣⱲܲġЦ˵
ΪЦԴߣǻؼҡ
šɿΪ
һ߳
ͣ調Ϊһĺ䣬Žȥ֣㻻ˣ
³ڵ绰û˵

ֻڼ죬⳵ҿAǰɣûسƣҲ·ﻹ⳵Ƶ÷ųԻˡ課Ǻס
ϳΪϺ˵
誻һɻ
ûԶĳؼ⼸ϰһ¡ںܶ೵ԶҪῪСΪϳ󣬽͡
ע⵽⳵Զ
ׯѾ̹ˣѾԶﵽˡ
Ҫô죿
ҪװԼῪ
ˣȲˡ˯쿴˵
Ѿʮ㣬ʵеۡ
¥׼ԼϢ
С誣Ե㶫˯Ϊڳ˵
ˣûθڡ޾ɵذ֡
ȵ࣬Ȼҹܶѡ Ϊӳվ¥ǰ˵
ŶȥϴȻ
¥Ҿӷе㳤ͷ˸С¥
ΪѾͼ˰ϲˡÿ̲˵ķ࣬Ʒֶ࣬ϲĲˡ
֣Ҫϰ𣿡誺˿˵
ϣݼ١û£ȥĵطʱ䡣Ϊء
ȥ衣ҺҨһ࣬ûȣַȥ
ڣһʱ޻յͳ
úΪ˵á
㻹ε𣿡Щ䡣
ᣬһΡ
ߣ軹Ǹ㣬ҡƲ֡ÿλصҵǰ죬еѹ
ΪźۿŮﲻζȥ֪ܿġ
***
극誻طϢڷŵĶƬһſ꣬˯š
ڴϣۣܻ𳵰㣬һĻĻӳܡ
˻ᣬͷϵֻˣ̹
ׯϢ誣𣿡
ҺǸ˵ˣ賿һˡ
ȵڣ
˸ſڴϣϢҴˡǸ㷢Ϣˡ
ׯĵ绰ͽˡ
ׯʦҵˣѾˡ㻹û˯課ֻͿᣬֻͷԱߡ
Ҫĳ֮ǰһ¡
Ŷ²ߣͳеģ˵ʱ
ôˣʲôˣģׯ誵֮ǰô졣誺ǰһʱɵЩġ
еѹûȻһʼͲׯ˵ˡԼǰǿջЦ
ȻûҪԼϲǰߡ
˵Ựϴҳǰ˵ҪҼѣǸǽкʱ𣿡ׯ˵
֪ʲôʱߣʺٸʵףҪġ
誾¡ׯô֪ʱ갡
ʱȦӣ誶ŹӦòܸׯϵ
ô֪ģʶǡ
ʶ֮ǰڿȹݣҵƬ㣬΢Ž֡ׯ͡
㻹ǵðԺҪ˰ɣ誾ͷü˵Ǽ»ǾΡ
ʵƬҵʱ෴е㿪ġׯ䡣
󣬷˸ֱˣׯʦԻ·氡˿Ƭ
ҷƬ˵ҡܵʱеǺõģǻģǸʱѾһҪׯ͡
ׯڷỺºͣҹУѷ֮ǰе˸еķΧߡ
ˣÿµ˼άʽĽǶҲǺˡ
誷ˡѹʱһҲ治װġ
誻һȥμ£ͻȻһׯ㵱ʱʱμ겻˵ˣƱȥİɣ
ǣǮæŪ볡ȯȻҲֹμ꣬Ǿ͵Լ֣׶󡣡ׯʵ
ص湻˵֪Ще㿪ģеۣе㾪档еĿ࿴
Ҳ̶ֻȣ֮Ҷұֵøԡû㱻׷ĸоׯ˵ЩǾúź
֪ˣΪһ˺ܶ˼ĸоȵʱĿŵ׷ڸġŽѾĵ˵
صİʱֱ׵İ˻ζ
誾ûֻʣׯʦûѽ񾭱Ƚϴһ㲻עϸڡ
еˣ˯кˣٸ˵ׯֱ̧˵
˺ܶࡣ
áûвˡҲȥϢѽѡصذβϳһĸо
Ҳ㡣˯ɣׯЦ˵
Ҷϵ绰£컨壬Ц˵裬ׯҵѣҺϲ֮㡣
лҪ˵ֹ֮ٱЩ½ڿܻ汾˲ͨͻһ档Ѿˮˣ̫˵ı׼ͳ߶ȣܵԴβС
PS.һյһһظˣת۾ͲˣӦǱˣ

 40 

ڶ, ˯Ͳ𴲡
¥ûˡϴ󡱹³ȥˣ誾û绰
Լȥ˼һ, ϶ӹġܾûˣе衣
һֱ浽ű򿪡 
С誣緹ΪŰ˵
Ŷ, ͹ȥ
ϣںһϲԵĲ, ɫζȫ
֣ˣ誳˿ڷ˵
ȥ˵, ȥֲˡ˳ڽ
誣
, ˲ò˵ǿ˵ɡ
Թ, ĨϷɹ˪ī, ˶ñ誾͸Ϊȥ˽
˵ط, ֲ˵ʰ룬泤˺ܶ͵˻зѡӵ߲ˣƷֲ١
˵Ǻܾ֮ǰġ費ں, ׾һֱڹһּС
Ҫʲô
ƹϡĲˡΪӺóߡ
ãȷ誶Щᳵ·
һС˵سһͯ, ÿһǳġһȹ˺ܶ໶ʱ⡣
֣ЩԼԣʣµҪ𣿡һ߷һ˵
ԺԺһЩȥ
ţͦõġ
һ, ŮʣµĿյزӣˮ
ȥ衣誷е£βݵΪ˵
ȥɡ
Ĺ˵زԶ˲ʮӾ͵ˡ
ĹƬɷˣ誻ǾԼû߳
ôõôأһֱ¶޷ܣܡ
誰ڹ·ժĸҰ޼һ£ݰϣĹǰ
ĹΧĶɾࡣ
֪ӦǸ׾ɨά
裬Ҹ˵ҽˡ㻹ڣ㿴ӦûܿġϾҲտءҲְְ֪֮ܲ飬ҾӦҲ誱ϥĹǰ˵
ҵ˺ܶ꣬ŵȵһˡ裬ףҵİɡ

˵˺ܶ໰ÿλ˵Ựܺ
Ϊæûȥ誣Լ˸ط̡
һֱϦɽ߻ȥ
Ϊ誹˸յȼ̣ߣȥ
֣ȱҸ˵¡³Ҫ˵ڻ˵˰ɡ
ȥǱߡΪָָǰһС¡
˿ԶٺɫϦϯضĵķɨȥȣһ˿ˬ
Ϊû˵調ڡ
֣ҽˣǸͬһϵʦ飬֪ʲôҶ㡣Щؿڡ
ϴ̸һ١ҲӡΨһһκظ˵һΣеš
AǵĻʲôʱΪûκξȣ෴ôһ仰
誣
Ǹʲô⣿Ѹʲôϵ
˵һҸ׷ΪһƵġ
AǵķӺܹ󰡣ѧУķ۾͸ߵװҲҪӡÿµĹʶ¹⣬ûǮ誺𾪣ͬʱҲΪԼδǡ
Ҫ㻹㸸ףЩҪΪ㿼ǵûܱ֤㵽ЩǰƲаıǮġأˣûԼķӣʱֻ¡ҲϣҵŮĿࡣΪһƽ
ģҵġ調ŸƵĲЩжǾׯԴ
С誣ǹˡҵģҸֲӰ쵽֮ĸ顣ŵʲôﶼôۡΪЩ˵
Ǳ߷ۺܹ󰡣˷ӣǮᱻͿաԺ﷢ʲô£ô죿誻Ǿáϴе嶯
үү̡⹫ĶģЩЩͶʡѧУķ˽һ׷û⡣Ϊǰ׼ˣֻû
ǼԭôǮ𾪲ѣһʱԼǸĸҹĴ
ΪЩֻ꣬һֱ裬û£ΪŤͷԼŮʡ
Ҳǣ㲻һֱæҽԺĻоŪЩ£Ȼš
㻹ҵɾ˻ˣھȱ֮ǰҵȰź㡣ΪһŮе㵣ġ
Ŷô˵ҲǸˡ֪ҾͲŬˣҲȥʲôAǵʦڼŵ㣬ЩǮҲһһˡ
㲻ȥΪʡ
ҲŶˣ֣˵ô࣬㶼ûѵҪ𣿡ԼҪ˵¡
ϲ͹ˣҵҪ֮ǰĽȷۺͻۡΪ˵ԼӶ뽾
Һϲ֮Ҵ衣ʱҪǶҲ˰ԿЦ˵
ģҾ⡣ͻҲ֡ߣȥΪ˵
ûԭأԵݣͷ˻ᣬ˵ˣ֣һῪԶҿġ
ҪȡˣΪŵͷŮԴ˵
ᣬʱᣬϾһҪǮĿǰһһǮͷЦŰԼϰ֡
ΪԴߣǻؼң㿪ȥҼһĳɹҪǲϸøѧһΡ
誣
͵˿δŮķʽ
課ǺףĳҲ֪ԼһΡ
***
ϵңΪڳһһûһ졣
֣Ҫ˰ɣҧ˿ƻ˵
𣿡ΪŴӲ˵ժ˸˵
˭һʱûӦ
ѡ
ʱׯΪﻹû

ͲѧΪһȻ
誣
˻ᣬʣأ
Ǿͱȥѧ˭涨һŮģҪˣȥ档Ϊ򿪻׼͡
ٴ߳˳Ϸ
***
ϣſϣЦŸׯ˵ѧ¡
㸸˵ǶԵġׯͷ˵
ǴְϣȻô˵ﻹеۡ
ҪܰϣֵĹ۵ӦúͱˣĻлҡ 
Ц˻ᣬׯʦŰҲҪżİ
һҺͬһŮ˵ġ
ЦöۣһʹҪҸһеŮ
⵹ûС֮ǰûҪһʲôŮŮѡ
֮أʡ
ҾãŮѾӦҵŮѡ
誱ͨ͸ڴϷȦûӴصȥ
еŮɣͻȻ뵽ׯʦô˵Ϊʲô£Ϊ飬벹ң
ӮˣܿģҲġׯ򳡳ȥͣ
ŶϧûмԺһҪȥȥԣ͡׼ȥʲô
˵꣬ûش
ιׯʦǱźŲ𣿡
ԵȣҶϵ绰ׯ߱סȥ·žױݵŮ£°£һһСţ¶һ֫һ̵ܶȿ㡣
ׯŵ绰Ƶĳǰ治Զ
Ȼûô룬һŮڣ˧磬ϵʽ¡ԺǶ͡
áׯ˵׼Ƶ̨м䴩ȥ
ѽֲϵʽѡһŮǰһסׯȥ·
˼Ůѣء鷳һ¡ׯƵû취ͣӦ
Ůֻڨڨջ֣ԱŮ죬Ȼ˶Ǳ˵ġ
誣ҽ͡ׯ첽ߵ
ڵ绰ͷţҲ˽⵽ׯͷղŷ顣
Ůڨ誱űʣȻѻûܶô׵¡
ţҾܾˡ
㻹Ҫҽʲô;ܾԭ򣿡
Ȼ˵ƽ࣬ׯе㲻⣬ʱп˵ᣬҲ㲻ġҲĶŮûκȤ㲻ҪģòãԺܱܡ
绰ͷСһ˿ţʱеЦЦ˵ҪҲǹ̫ˡֻû뵽Ůôûвģⲻ⡣㲻ôСҲôŮ
ׯʱ̤ʵˡ
誻һתׯʦҽһаԺ˵ŮҪǷҼǣңֻٵ𣿡
ׯỵ̂Ц
ҪǮȥȾ𣿡֪绰ͷ˷ʡ
ţѾȥˡ
ŶȥɡƲҪҴݡѡ
ã֪ϢҺƿܻȽׯ˵ŷ
ܶؼ˻ǸҷϢɡҿ˯˲ظϢᰲһЩ㲻Ͽܻ绰㡣˵
áׯʱֱǣҵĸоܸжġ
***
֮죬課μ񣬸ǰͬѧۻɡÿϻ㡰ϴ󡱳Է졣
ʱڼΪϲвˡʱȥ˺ܾõСԡ
誸Լ׵ദһ޻˵ʱĳۺܾãѰ졣ǰ軹ڵʱ򣬼;̸һЩ¡
Ǹʱ誻СһŸĸҲѧ˲١
żԣΪҲȻ費ˣ׸ĳ谮˫ġ
һֱ˵죬һ죬ʰ׼ȥ
ٳǰΪ誵䣬һȥ
֣ʲôȥ誶Ա߿Ϊ˸Сӵ
˵طӸѡҸġΪ˵
ðɣҸˡ͵ʲô
˻׵ģ㲻ùܡΪ˵꣬䡣
ŶáûٹʡԼףΪׯ
ߣҪˡΪ誺󱳡
ȥ·ϣЩӡǸϷɻ·ɻи
˾ΧγһǽͷͷǶԸ
ǳˡ
˻ڣҪ˸ӵŸԼף
˸ط£ǻлʱ䡣óֻׯ㱨ԼĶ֮ǰ˵ġ
ʱиŮ߹Ա߿ŵϡ
ǸʸղڰʲôˣŮЩͬʱе㲻˼
ţŤͷԱһԲԲܿɰŮӡ
ǸҾǺ棬Ҫǲ˵ĻҲû¡Ůһִ١
ҵҸףôˣ誻ء
ѹ֣ú񡣲ְôôᰡĺ˧ʶرʵһûˡе档ŮС͡
ЦЦû˵
ô˵̫ܲãҸо㸸׸ҿһЩӰĺ//ϴ񣬸ߴְǳζڵСһҴûˡŮŸղڰڿǸߴˡ
ЦЦ˵һ㣬ƽʱϴ󡯡ͬʱԼж
***
ǰڼѧرСѧͳУΪȥͬѧԶԶģ±һ
ǸʱиƬҶԵӰһЩܺ棬;誵İְָЩ˲࣬һͲǡ
ͬѧּܲסĵʹſܱķգع誣ְƽʱòõ
Сһػش𣬡õҰְò˵ر
ӴˣÿΪѧУͬѧǶڱСϴˡһٲȻԼɡϴ󡱵СܵԼĳ黳
С誻Ϊ¿޹˼ͬѧ˵ĸƬС誴ӴԺҲʼáϴ󡱳ƺԼְ֣ÿκһ·ԼǺ////ǧ
ΪûʲôԼŮġ
***
İ˰ŮΧյԱѹ˵֡ϴ󡯰ɣ
誳ױ֣ȻͨӰʶСŮ
˻ᣬסЦ⣬ǡҽ
ǱеҽĸҽԺҪȥŮһ˷ܡ
誳˻ԱߵСŮ˵ҪҽԺй䣬û±ȥҽæۣҪ
ŶáŮ˵ʵʵˡ
***
ϰ˵㣬ء
ȡ߳ͿȺи۵ׯ䣬ЦŴ߹ȥ
ׯˣҲȺ첽ȥ
ͣվԭأЦ쿪˫ۣҪӵ
ׯЦǰסǰˣӭҷǳ㡣
Ҳ㡣
۲ۣûθڣȳԷȻȥϢ
ؼ˾Ϳˣ룬ȳԷɡԶᡣ
ׯ䣬ǣ誣صϡ
ϳ֮ׯû̷ǰ̹ǡ
ûκιɣֱӼǣҪңһʱѷᣬǡ¶Ƚߡ
˭Ըſڻ谵ĵƹ£ľ/󡢵/
ʱ䲻ʣصҲʡۼҪʧأǳׯһ˿ǣշſ誡
ƽϢ˻ᣬׯŷ
誶ڸʻŤͷе㺦ߣԥںĵʹ£׼תͷһۼʻңԴתһͱׯһֻƲ
ǰ档
Ŷ
˻ᣬֱǰС˵Ϳһۡ
ԡ
С
ׯЦЩҪϡ
ȥСꡣ
;кʳ̫ãȵ㡣ҲȥطԷ
˶ҵжӡ
극ׯ誵Сſڣ򿪺䡣
߹ȥȱ³Ұ򿪣ȡ˵꣬ȡһֽݹȥţҸ
ׯЦŽӹʲôܿġ
Դϴ֮̽໥֮żͺ졣
ûִ꣬ȡһµɫСľУתЦŵݸׯҰָģҲ֪ʲô
ׯܲ죬ָҵģ
誸⣬׸̫ˡϾǲȷϵûá
룬һףŮѣһʱ䲻ô
ţǰģҸ㡣
˵ʲô𣿡ׯӹ誵ݹСľʡ
˵򿪿˾ͻףġ㿴֮һ°ҵĺĶˡЦ˵
ȥݷׯ˵걧ס誣жѡ
***
Һׯ誸һᡣ
֮ǰڽСϸĵƬϴһܾƷﻹһֽ
滭һóǵʱ˿ڽСǵĻ档̫·Եһֺɵɫһӵǵ¡
ᣬɫůΩΩФˡ  
ֽ½дһ仰ׯʦÿůӼҵĳǡ誡
ϴׯ˵һŮѺȻûʹĸ龭誻һַʽ
ǵһˡ
ׯЦŰѻֽպãɫСľУһֱֻʡ
ۣ֪֧ʼ۸񲻷ơ
ľһͰ״ֽչ
ллչŮΪ
̶һ仰ׯ𾪲ѡ˻˶ʱôŮû
ԸŮķʽůֲȱʧ
ׯ鷿˺ܾãǱʲôײһ£궼ûĵطһ¶ȣȱʧѾõб
ϻԸůˣǰЩʲôأȥˡҪˡ
ŵĹǽϵʱӣ鷿˽们µᡣ
Ͼôãû
룬һǷʲôů°ɡ


 41 

һڽ, 誰켸ʵңʵݺдȥׯ칫Ҹһ칫ˡ
һΪֹʱʧصıԵȫû֮ǰˡ
ԭúøڸɻ, Ҳ֪ô¾׵һȥˣԽԽԽԽ, Ҫ̽ѰԵҲࡣ
ֺܾãӰ칤
ʱ調ԼյĵſϰңҳΪǣ
ׯЦŸ, û£ǿǵŮѡ
Ҫ, ͷ̫, Ѿü, ˵
ׯױЦ
һһһ칫, ʱֿϻһؼҡ
ֱǰ, СſڳþõزǡҲǳʱǵȱô£Ʈȥܺܿ˯
ȻҲںҩ, ֮˯˲١
誸ʱ˵µʱ򣬺ʱܵһȻĵ, ңԺ˯ġ
û誻ش𣬺ʱһʣǻ£
ׯ˵ż誷Ĥ˵
˵, ˻ٲһ˯㡣ʲô֮ɣʱͻȻȻģһҲ̲ڰ
誱ҭһ£Ǻܿ϶˵û⡣
Ŷô֪ģû顣ʱһ񣬽ʡ
㲻Ҫˡû⡣誻ûϸȥǺʱҲС
ȻׯǲڼǺ󵽴ҿͨÿεĺ͹̵״̬֪û⡣ĳʶһġ
ⱻʱʣ誸æ˻⣬ˣʲôʱʱ䣿Ҵ㡣
һֱ¡Ƕæƽʱûʱ䡣
ĩɣҲӰ࣬ʱ㶨ʱͷ˵
ãҪʢϣʶһ¡
ǳˡ
Ϊʲô˺Ĥ˵Ͼÿϵʱ꣬ԷСŮģ
̫ǿˣϵʱ˭˭ܵסʱ
ദ͵ĥϡѧϰûˡ誴˿е㶮ׯ˵Ҫѧϰ̬ˡ
ţҲڷ˼һʱļû취õġ
ŮԼĻۺͰۡ
***
ѧУߣϵڿᡣ
ׯ棬̨ϵĺηɻ㱨
ηɺѾ˻ʵ鷽ׯ˶κ˵ĿⷽҲȷˡ
ڿԶʵˡ
ʦҵĿһСֽͳˣPֵС0.05˵ǳԣԤڡηɻ㱨꣬һϲɫܽᡣ
ΪPֵԽСĲԽԣׯ̨£αһʡ
ǡηЩĻشԭģԼʦ˽⣬ô˵Ӧģֲ֪
PֵĴССPֵһָʣóв۵ʱ򣬷ĸʡPֵС0.05ΪвǻС¼ۡǻȥͳúÿһ£´һͳƺһЩͳѧ֪ʶׯü˵
á ηɺ߸æӦѾϰÿȥҪһ֪ʶÿҲջܶ࣬ûʲôñԹġ
߻㱨꣬ׯ˵ʵҵļƻ
ǵĿĿǰѾȷݽ巽ƻǰǾ·ݿ⡣ʱúʵ飬ȡʱиÿĿԸ󡣡ׯڶѧ˵
ʵ7·ݻһʿǰо֢ġ໥æ⼰ʱ˵
Сʣʦʵǻܸѧϰʵ𣿡
ԼĿҪҪǰæһ˵ԼΪ֮µʵǡ
á
ʵߺͺηɲ̫ʦѾôæ¼ʵϾʵˣҪĲʿӦҲ֣ܺܿʵҺܿӦþвˡ
ΪʲôԼʵ飬һׯûκ˵Լļƻûʵ֣͸¶֡
һҪǩֵļʵԼĲҪġϸ
ׯһһǩ֡
Աֹ˻ᣬչׯڣмѯһ¡
ʲô£ׯͷǩ֡
·ǲҪѧУ֯Ӫѧо
ţôˣׯǩһļһݡ
мѽ
ĿǰѧУмʱѧͱ֡ׯһߵͷǩһ߻ظ
ŶǸұòμϵӪ뱨оĻû˵ΪԼ˼úȷˡ
ʦӪǰĿҲ룬ֻμԻڡʱ˭ǵ֡ׯǩֵֶһ£˼κα֤ҲΪ˭š
ܲμӪѧǹȥڴѧͷѧõܲסΪ˭ĳĳĳֶ෽濼ģʽмܸˣܲƽ
ã֪ˡ㵽ֹ
飬ׯ¥
·ڵۺϰ칫ңŴһƬһ誶ǰ칫ߵǸӲûӰࡣ
ׯذ칫ңδ绰
ιׯʦ㿪誸ոʱͽӵׯĵ绰
ţˡڻ𣿡ׯվڰ칫Ҵǰʡ
ãܡǲҪȥˣ
ţһ»ȥ
ãȥϢһ졣
ׯ˽ԭֵġׯ֪誶ӲͰֵĻӹȥˡʵǿԸĻûô
ׯִ֣誾͵ѵĺô
ׯ꣬дݽѧߡ绹μѧԺһ飬ͣ˻ʵ飬Ҵææ˼ڷָȥᣬһ̲ͣЪ
***
ׯûڰ칫ҶͣĹȷʵе࣬鶼ϸŹЩۣӰ࣬ЧҲߡ
ߵߣ׼شڰ칫ׯ˼롣ڰ칫ҷƵԽԽˡʱܼң
мӰൽŮӸڰ칫߳ʲôΪ˽»ǿ£ˣǱܿԷװʲôҲ֪Ĵ
Ȼһϵʦ˵£֡ѧУ漰ĹϵȽϸӣͬͬ¡ѧ֮ľҲʦ֮Ĳ졣
ׯ޳課ľĿǰ֤ǲ۹ţԼСȻԵáȻż̫㣬ҲһȤ
ûٶ룬ϴ°ࡣ
***
СſڣһϤӰһۻΪԼˡҡۣʱŷЦ
һۣһɨƣ뷱æǰֻºμˡ
調Ϥĳ߹ȥڽµĴϣЦλΣߵÿ죬ˡ
ôˣǲ𣿡ׯЦʡȻܶΣÿοǰŮĿЦҲ
㡣Ծ͹ˡ
ԵȣҰѳͣǰ档
˼
ׯѳͣ·ͣλϣ򿪳ţǰ˫ۣЦòã뱧
Ȼյһӵ
ׯųȦڻæһ죬˿ڵõɡ
䲻䣿ׯ°Ϳڻͷһ˵ţһ߽⿪װŦۣסˡ
䣬ʱ¶ȺϼҵĲ࣬Һϲ誸ղų´ڼҾӷ˼ƫŷıӯ񣬴Ьͻæˡ
˵ȥסССôԶ
㾪ϲ̧ͷ˵ͻȻʶʲôæͷѽ㲻Ҫҡҳ̫żûױ
ʣûҲÿׯͷ˵
ˣ誻ǰͷׯǰ֮ǰһֱԭϾ߸ЬһֱûҵᡣбڳϣǶȸոպá
ǿ˵
ˣׯʦпôʡ
пաҪȥ֣ׯ²⡣
ǣȥʱ꣬ҵĺѡ
á
Ǹʱʱе裬ĲҪΪ㣬㲻Ҫ㣬ķʽҺáǰк
ţ֪Щ㲻õġ
˻ᣬ誻¶ģׯڣмҪæ
ţôͻȻôƺңׯͷŻ˵Ĳ
ʵ·ѧҪҵһ˶ʿһʿðǴ磬ĿǰҪίԱͣһ¡
誴ׯվãעǰˣ˵ׯڳΪʵҵĴίԱ֪ԸԸ⣬ûʱ䣿
ʵѧʵ誴ģֻʵҲһ꣬ûǹָĿǰʵЩ¶ڹܣø
ׯǰһˣЦ£ü£һҳΪʦʵҵĴίԱȷʱ˵һ¡
áлл֪ΪίԱʵҲ٣ûʱš調ĵ˵
ׯȷʵ½յһЩ룬ΪίԱҪϯѧĴ磬Ҫϸ޸ıҵģдһݲʿѧλľͺܺĿǰѾ½յüˡ
Ҳ֪һʼׯӸоĸѧķǳأзǳרҵָԾ˼˵ԡ
ʦҶѧкϸҪǵıҵĺʹҿܲܿׯѡרҵʱῪЦ
ÿøӡƸ鰡ѧǻĽ㡣ׯˡͬػء
˿Ǿʦʦݡ
¡ÿʦָѧׯͬĺ档
ȻƽʱǻһЩµ׺оʵûԷ˽¹ӡ
˵ʵָôҽʵҵʱǶʵˡûȻҲǱҵͻȻ顣ԼҲҪű˵Ļš
ׯһִٵЦýţ֪Ҳڰɣ
ţǴˣʱҪֳѡϯ񿴵ʱǴίԱôɡڲżȷҵһθ£еԼǲܡ誻ġ
ýţʱ򲻹ܳʲôҸ㶵סׯμӹһЩĴ磬һЩ顣
ãллׯڡڣеˡЦ˵
ׯЦ쿪˫ۣ調ȥԴǱߣֻúܰģů  
˱˵˻Ựׯֱ̧ˣȥϢ
ǣţ·ưӰϳߵĻ·װŴ˴ܰŵǺХ
Ѯʮ㣬¶Ⱥ˵ĳĵķƤ滺˶ŷɡ
誵ĳ񱻷紵һ˫
װĸߴͦεӢǣһƯеƤŮڿյҹϻһΨĻ
лӻ͹𻨵˴һĺͶ飬ֻõ̲ס¡
뵽ʲôЦ˵Ĺҹ˽ӣָԹͻȥˡ
ãСʱͯ¡ڿĸ˵ʱĶȤ¡״̬һƮֻúġ
ҲҪ˽԰ѹ¡ׯǣ誣Ľɫݡ 
ӻкܻʱ𣿡誶
С
ҹôɵϷִ˲ƣ
Ŷҿڴһ¡󲻳㻵ʱʲôӡ誶ׯ˵áһ滹ͦȤ
ϾĿǰΪֹׯӡºǫǫӣĶšżʧأҲûиľٶ
ޡ
ô㻹ǲҪôˡŪޣ㻹ûң㡣档
ֻĲŻޡ
ŶǾǿĵޣǸʲô飿ԽԽԺ
Ժ֪ˡ  
  
Ȼĵ²һƵϣȴܽȥ
˶Ĭߵṵ́һÿһӡ
СſڣǱ
Ǻǡʱ課ʺ϶ǡ
꣬ׯ誣ߣΣ㣬Ma princesse
һʲô˼ʲôԣûӢ
ҵĹׯءȻɫǾɫΡ  
Ŷ㽲úԺҪ調ĵ˵
ﱾͺ˵ͣʱׯɤ˵λáӯ顣
ãԺ˵ȥ˯ɡ
ţ  


 42 

, 誴ׯᣬصǺʱѡġ
һ·ϣ誻е, ڴѼĸֽţΪʵò׼ʱôԴׯ
Ȼʱׯ԰ſġ
˲, ʱλվС誣ߡ
ߵʱǰ, ׯǰҽܣ, ׯ, 誵ѡ
, ãʱ, 誵ѡ
ǵ⣬˺Ĭ罻Եֻڶʡˡ
, ʱѲ˵ݸׯʲô
ׯֱӰѲ˵ݸ誣Ҷ, 誣㡣
ã課֪ô˽, Ǿרĵͷˣһֻ״پȻ
ȿڵׯ, ʼ﹤ʱ˺ܶæɣллƽʱ˵һЩʱ¡
õѡʲôӦõġʱһȻ̸ʵûԤ̫Ҿ㡣
ʱ굹̹̹Ҫһׯ
û£ü誵ǡĿһ¡ϣҸ
ʱЦЦǵĹϵҲʡҽҪǸ˵˵ʶ誡
ׯͷ
調۶ˣȻǲƵĺʱꡣΪʱһǸׯźݻš
ʱûͶЦݣׯô˵ɣҸʶ꣬м仹һס꣬Ϊ˽ҹô꣬ʶ̫ŮŮʼգ誶ʶˡ
ʱҶеʧʱ誣;Ҳûô⡣
źʱĸԷԣ̧ͷ۶棬ֿׯʱ֪ô졣
ٷỹûʼҪްɣΧôֵֹģ
ʱ꣬㻹ǷһɣұȽӦͼա
СˣҪ˵зִ硣ʱתͷ˵
ׯס誷µ֣ģʾġ֪ʱҪ˵Щû˵Ļ
뱣ҲǱౣԼʱ˵⻰ʱ˭û·ͬԼ˵
ʱҪһЩ֧ŵģһЩ˺Ŭмֵġһ㣬誸ҺܶʱЦЦתͷ誣ɵ椣ΪҰ׸ǵ
̧ͷһ⣬ʱ꣬Ҵ㣬Ҹף
ʱ걻Ц˵飬תͷׯģҸ誶ǸֱŮ
ֻ֪ϲҡׯ˵
ͷԵˣؿһۡỹ湻ŵģôеҫζ
ׯûͷֻսеֻС֡
һ֪ԣϣ㲻Ҫ˺ʱ˵Щ꣬׷˲Ҫ̫࣬һֱ˭ûжʱ䶼Ūϲʲôˡ㣬ˡϲĽˡͺĽ˲ࡣ
ò˵ʱ꼸仰崺硣
ȻǻŮˡ
ˣҪ˵˵ˡµɣС誣Դµ;Ҫӿͷˡʱ꿴ſҪͷ񵽲˵ϵ˵
ˣׯԱҪ˸ӣ˹صˮϴӡ
һһȻ
Ǻʱ꿴ˣԭ˹ëС誡
һôηǲܽܡ
һ⣬ţôһҵԸǨҵˡ
ûȺʱ˵̿ӵׯȻڣ˵ˣǨͣĸԸ
ʱʱ޻ˣۿŶ¡
ȻˮתԼҲᱻֱԹ
˻ᣬʱ˵һһ䣬Ҫ誽
һ⿪ͷ֪ʱҪĺʷˣʱ
ׯнУһȻû
ʱΪȻ㻹˽誡һνͰѳˣˡ
Ȼֳ˵˵Ůˣʵôãô˾Ͳأ˲ʵ𣿡
һ㣬ʱһֱ⡣
ҲףһԾͲˡȷʵ»ͣ˲ͦ˵ġؽ͡
û£һСׯӻЩ˵⡣
һ߳һ졣
ˣȻò࣬ò١¹ɣС誣ʱ̧ͷʡ
¹ҲΪѧУãҪҸһ࣬ÿ¿϶нࡣСԼ⡣
ʱǰ誵ϵ׶ˡһ͸ׯźݻԼ
ҲǣǹҲ˵ȥ٣ѹ󡣡ʱͷ˵Ȼô˵Ҳ˵ׯģҲǴҪ誵Ķ̡
û£õģ𡣡ׯŤͷԱߵ˵
ʱʱһĽûָ˭ġ˵Ļٻжһ¡
;ȥ䡣
ʱûѸղŲ˵һЩׯ˵ˣ˯á֮ǰסһм˯пź衣ȥıȽ磬Ϊ⣬ͦͻȻġܾ˹ͨ£Ҷ֪ĲǺһֱûг߳Ժעһⷽ档
ãлѡҪע𣿡ׯϵʡȷʵǳᵽԼͥ£һ춼ĺܾãûԼ
ûʲôرҪעģʱеСŮƢеԣӦֳġͺˡܺú壬Ҳ㡣ʱ˵
ллׯ˵
Ҫˣҿޣ˵ģһ˵ġʱ˵Ļ϶˵ᵱ誵档
ҪҪҶܡׯء
˵䣬誻ˣ½˻ᣬ׼ˡ
ׯ̨ǰ׼Ǯ֪Ѿˡ
ʱϰȻڣҽžͰѵˡ´ҳԷ
誾֪ʱҪԼԷλÿ϶
ׯû취֮ǻ롣
***
ʱ꣬誺ׯûмŻȥȥ̳֡
ׯĸ첲߹˵㻹ûҹְɣӦû֪ҵս
ܸ𡣡
ѵĺô֮һ֪ˡ誸п
ѿûôǮҲûôˬԼŮѻǮׯһķ⡣
һ£ʶ誵ʱѣƵöֶǽǡҲ֪ʲô֮ˣҪõô룬ڵһЩԵӾͱˡ
֪ǿռ
ҽͿһĺɰϲ̵˵
˰죬·һȹׯţһʽȹװɰƤͬڲͬϴ
ʵ˺ܶ꣬˲٣Ǻĺ١ʱׯȥԣЧҲӣ¼ͻỻ
ϲҲׯ
ޣΪׯ򵥾һԼϲġ
ЬӺͰٹһ£ׯʡ
䲻ˣ̫ˡ˵һ磬ϲˡ
Ůѣսһ㡣ׯ˸Σ£誵ȷϥͷȡ
·˰調α˵
ҵĲƲ⣬˽һ¡
ʱðɣûн顣
ǡ顱ֵһδ˵
̸һʱ飿ׯ˳ʡʵһʱ滮誵뷨
Ǵû۹Ժ󣬵ǴһʼǱŽȥģûﻹѡһʹɵĬ
Ƕ̸һʱɣ˾͸оⱲӸͷһȽɡ
㲻ɵʱ˰ɣׯ仰һ˿
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ţҲôΪû˻ˣһ㶼ǼͥԱ໥ȾǱĬѧϰġҼͥ⣬ûѧʲôԶ԰£Ҫһֱѧϰׯ¿ú͸
֮ǰ˵ҪѧϰҲѪ
ׯʦ˵˵°ɡЦʡ
ͻȻʱ̸úѩ̫ע˵ĸˣΧѺ˼ἰоƮڿУȻûĸо
ãеءׯȡ
û£˭һû¡֢Ϊģûǵ֪ԭԺ⣬Ҳ֪ҪôȻҵʱ޲߻鷳
ã㲻ҪԼܴѹЩ¸ûйϵ֪˾С˭Ҫ鷳̸˵ҪԼίׯһʱͲԼļͥ
취ԭͥԴӸȷϵˡ
ҲδŸһ֧Ʊ뿪־ɣׯ˵Ժо鲻򵥡
ôׯ⻹𰸡
Ȼܰһ¼
ûׯ˵ʲôжĻ˵ȻŸҸ˦֧Ʊӿ϶ҲǮҼ˵̵ĺôడȻӣúҪЮǣһʾ޿Զ߸߷ɣǸã
誳ڻв԰Ρ
ͻȻϴһۣۣׯ˰˵Ĵˡ
С˵˰ɣû¡˵İ㲻Ӧǰõ̳Ȩ̳вƲǼŮˣ˭ÿɫŶԡׯϵ˵
ׯǱʶܽΣ誶뿪
ׯʦˬľ籾ֵòС
˲ֺػ־飬ֱܸɡ
***
Ъ˻ᣬ̳ӰԺѡ˲ӰһƬѡġ
˱׻Ϳֽ
һСڵıŷƬӰԺ˺١һ¡
ÿѡѡһ£ϰˣ֪ĳҪ֡
ӰںܵǵԼһк͹йһʽı
һЩۣķΧ£е˯
ûס˯ȥˡ
ׯˣ誱ԼϣȦڻԴԼֱϣ˸ƣ˯
ӰٽɢǱѵġ
ԺʲôһһĴżºе㲻ͷˡ
ֵӰԺƶˣ֪Լ˯˰볡Ӱʱ
ׯʡ
˯ˣȻҪ˯ˡ߰ɡǲǶˣ誺֪ׯ˰볡Ӱ
á
ӵӰԺׯûֱӴ誻ؼҡ
ȻԼᣬǵȻҪԸķʽ
ֳĦ֡
ƱȥĦֻĹУ誺˷ܵؿŵºΧоԼ͸һ˵ľСʱĸȥֳ
ȷʵкö겻ֳҲû뵽ׯղڹ·ϣڳϳԹضׯҪȥû
ֱֳַˡ
ߵ㣬½ĹУׯû誼˫ͷҡ
ûʿʲôͱס
˱ׯϣһֱǡ
һнǣ֪Ħֵԭǵе㼤ң誸оԼ˶κģƮһ
˫޻ܲĴڣࡣ
Ħ֣Ǳׯֳġ
´ιĿׯŤͷ˵
ŶáӦۡ
֪ΧӦкܶ˿ǡ
νˣҸ͸ôҿ
лҪ˵׼ʱ~ӦòᱻѾд÷ǳˡĿǰ˱׼͸֮󣬽Ҫܳʱ䡣

 43 

³, ɨ, ͽӵׯĵ绰
æ𣿡
æ꣬ôˣ
û£緹ô
誻شĺܸɴࡣ
, ȥһҼңׯʡ
æĩׯӰ, һֱûʱ֮ǰҪĳŵ
ȥҰɡ課˼˵, һѲ˵ûС
áҪȥ, 벻һȥ
ð, һ¡
żסСſڡ
誻ȹ, һСͷĳˡ
¥ʱʶҪȥׯˡǵһΡ
еڴе㼤
ߵСſھͿ˴źɫɫпׯ
ʮ, ۣһߴӰվ£³ƵƤ׵, ڷ⡣¶һֱ۽ʵȳơ
ˣθߴ͡խͦ, һվT̨ģصĸоһ˫˵ʶǳڡ
߽ĹУ·Сʱʱ߷ŵϡ
ЦЦ, ɡ첽ߵߣɡٵͷôµңôɹƤ
ׯתȡīЦŽӹеɡ㿴
ᣬôҫۣҲῴ
˵꣬һЦ
ׯɡֻ첲һȥԶһҴͳС
Źﳵڳﴩ󡣳˺ܶ˼̻˵һһϢĵط
Ҫһ˵
ŽʲôԷŽׯŹﳵ˵
Ϻ
䣬˺ܶˡ
調ŴĲˣǲˣһٿ϶Բ꣬ҪһЩȥ
Ҫ١ǽһ춼ڼԷԵĶһ飬ٿЩҪˮƽׯء
ǽԼ᣿ЦŻء
ţ᲻ģ
ᣬһͲᡣһбŽﳵв˵Ҫ˵ŮܳԱġ
ֲԱ𣿡ׯʡȻû˻ǷԲԱ
ϼҵıﲻѩͱ衣Һȱ֡ϴ󡱶һϸܿؾԹԡ
͵ųԡׯЦ˵ڶΰְֳ棬֪ԷλĸףѧϰϣԺԼҲúһЩ
ΪûҳԱģھͻܡҰҽһ۾ͿˣȻףҾֻˡѡҡͷ
ڲڣżһġׯԱ߱ѩ˵
Сϲ̵ͰŽﳵ
ׯ
궫Ŷȥˡ誻ܣˣæɿׯĸ첲
ׯ̧ۿ誣ʹɫˣͷ
װµߵһ˿ڣһпȥˡ
ˣȥׯСſڡ
һſǣׯų֡
ǰһӣܾˣá
ղûɣỹȷղûб
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ŶĿǰ̫빫ûˡ
£ˣʣҲӦҲҵ˵ׯ誡
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ҹ˯ž͹㣬͵͵һ調Ц˵Լļƻ
ʱˣͲ뿪ˡ
Ҫ
ҹԹ˯ܳҲֻиű仵ׯɫȻһ¼ָһ˵
誣Ҳšׯһֱֹ񣬲ͻȻô
ׯ̧ͷǰһˣԼƺһЩʱҲü⡣
úָƣ誻ЬղڳģͶЬһ˫
Ь߳أӵĲ֣ĵĴЦ
վԭתѩ黨ȹҲƮ¶ƯСݣׯׯⷿӸϼҵķӺ񣬶Ǹʽġҳϲַӣ
ׯûϵ㣬׷Ƕ㣬ʱʱҲǿ˸ʽṹ
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㿴з䶼ԽȥҪϲʱ԰ׯЦŻء
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Ŷҿһ¡調ľת¥ݣеĶ·һ˼ҵĸо
ׯǰԴȥɣȥ
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ȫԼռǱյ鱻˷֡
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ǱﰫĳȺԶи԰ŨáԶһԿصı־ԽҰľͷԿԼɽཻ
߽ܣ˸רҵ飬кܶѧѧѧ飬Ŀܾʰĺ࣬ϵ鶼ǰո߰˳С
䴦͸¶ϽǸԼҪܸߵˡ
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߳鷿ȥ˹䣬˴ŰСʱ˷ĽṹͲ֡
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ڿԣ䶼û˳סӡҲиԼĸҡ
żѹס󲿷ʱһˡׯء
ǰǮ⸽Ӧ꣬еˣڻԼң͹סһ
Ŷׯʦ㲻Ǳôûסһ𣿡ôķһסҲ㹻
ûСסطҺٸׯͷˡ
סͻȻסΪʲô
Ϊûҵˡ
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ˡôѾˡ׼ӼԺĹϵˡٸһʱ䣬ȴãȫ˵
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ׯЦЦģǮǼ׸ҵģӦõġֻûӦõĶ
áЩúɣ
ǰһ㣬ںҸ誣лл㡣ׯȷʵԱŮжָ顣
л໥ġҪ㣿ǳׯʲô
ҺԸ⣬Ҳܱ֤һһ˾ӡׯ̹ϡ
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á
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ҵĳʵ͸ҰֵҵҲֵĽϡҰְֽΪʵһʼûӵģ̫ϲˣԼûӡҰҲ׼ˡ
誳ڻһ㣬˵
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ׯܸпЩƬΰ֪ĸǳమϵǳá
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ҸദĸŮѡõ衣ʮǰҵÿһ춼ǿĵġȫȫĿģǡҴӲҿԳɼãҰҡҿòãҰֻᵣһΪɼòġ
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ׯǰۣ㽵Ů˵ǱʵҰٿǧû㿴ôá
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ׯֻǰʹٶ˵ʲôͷĶͷ׵ۣͷ촽
һϸϸǡ
ĿʼǵԽԽ˫ѱ˴˿̽Ѫ
ׯ誱߳Ҳһֱûֿ
ߵ˿׼˷ɳϣػȹһ£ׯһʧȥģ뵹ɳϡ
Ƥɳûˤۡ
Լ̫أׯܿ課뿪ڳط˲ɳӵǡ
˴˾ġ
һ˿ҩζֻһǻըеĶ·ָһ
誽촩ѩıɴȹѾˣȫܲˡ
һռĿģҪõ㡣ԭʼķʽ
ǵߵ˫֣֮˻档
ִ糺ׯԴǸҶϵڳһֻ£һǳɣӵһߡ
ǵׯһϽ˼Ϳǵˣôõ·ı¡
˸ղŴ޹þһβӦڸĻ·¡
˿Ҳɨ˶顣
ʽ
õ/ָ̱ۣͷ붯һ¡
˺ܾãŻѺճϺͷׯС˵ղΪʲôַʽԼô죿
ֻǻڣŲзɳƺӯһϡ
õĻ䣬ղŻʺϡ
Ҫô㣿
ãһׯ˵ǯס誵˫ȣҶڻС
Ȼһˡ
調óׯܣͨ죬ͲӶˣ̵úࡣ
ûвʣҺԸ⡣עׯͨ˵
֪ӦڸõĻ¡ϣԺÿһ붼ǿĵģӦǿ޹֮¡ׯһ㡣
Ҹղŷǳ֡һ·ͷĿԵˮԽԼûпˣ̧ͷ/š
󣬷е̣̲סͷ
ׯԴЦ˺ູܶȥϴһ¡
һ£һᡣ
á
ζһ£ͻȻʶһ⣬ôЩ
ţׯһ£漴Ӧ̧סЦ
˻ᣬǴʵѧҽʿѧúܺáҲ˽ص¡ֻûʵ
Ŷʵϵĺܺá
֮á
ţԺҲ㿪İ調Žߵ˵Ц˵
ׯû˵ֻ֣ġ
˻ᣬ˵ҽǲǻ죿˵˺öࡣ 
˵û㣿
УһЩЩ³Ұ֣û˵ôϸΪһֱû˵ڣͺȻ˵ˡׯйħ˵Ц
ɵѾͷ̫Ҫַʽοҡׯ롣û˵
Ժ죬Ҽ˵ҹƶû˵ׯ˵
õĻ䲻һ˵꣬ȻһȫʹࡣԺ˵
ɳϸ繡
ļƯúúáһָġһ˵
ֻܿ
ģ誺ܾȡ
š˽еġ
誱һ仰ЦЦһ£ׯѧУǰ׳㣬ֺÿ
ߴͦεķǳʺϴװһµУԵóأɢһ־Ӣǫѷʡ
ׯ
ׯʦʶԽ࣬оϲԽడҺÿġ
Ҹġׯ˵̹꣬輸ϵֱۣѾһˣӶ˰ɣȥ
ãһ£ĸԡҿãϲ̫ 
ҵԡңĶܲȫ
誵ׯҵԡңʰķǳɾԡҵľӣŷԼ/
һ£·ûŪϿԴȥ
ž糺գ۾˫ղŵһĻ֪ĺɽϮ
˫ס
Ϊˮɣ׼ˡҲû뵽ķʽ
һȺܺߣŤԸԼׯǳĵ˵Ҫ£Ŷһ¡
ȻҲǳ˵ϲԺ󲻻
ǳչĸܣ㹻İȫУĶġĵİԼ
ийٻ۵߷ʱķǳ֡ǴδйĸܣֻԼƶˣֵ
ͻȻ˺ÿɰԸţҲ㡣
ѵŮʽкͳ
÷
ֵİ
лҪ˵һ~
ʵڲУЩ½ڿܻطϸ档ⱾС˵ûжӦڣһ᲻⡣ӦñŪʲôҲûС

 44 

µ, ʵʵ顣
ϢͻȻһҵ찡ôôࣿ
ȻһˣôִʱᱻڵĦĲԤа
Ҵ绹ǲҪׯ˰, Ҳ̫ˡҵ裬ҵˮƽҹƵ̸̾ǻȥ
ֱ˰ѧҸѹɽɣ
ȵ, ׯڸҵĵӰ޸עʱ賿㡣Ϊʲô˻ôŬñ28ǽڣ

ϢҴ˷
ϵʵ飬ȥϢҿۣʲôˣ
֣ܰ߹, ϵļݹȥʦ, 㿴ʦյׯڵ, ЩίԱġ
ղʦְӡ, ҶԺúѧϰһ¡
調£ׯA4ֽ, ֣ϰίһֻһ, ಻ֽ
誴ɨׯ𺳣һҳĸͼеĵλעⶼָ, ҪдĺܶоͷϵһЩۡ
ӵԼ⻹ԼĽĵط޾ϸ
ǰĴͷβһֲȫġӦǳдĵ֮, һĶԴĵˡ
ʵ調޸ñȽϴԣӴһЩ, дϸڽѧԼ顣
ˣׯﻹһ⡣
ͷƤ顣
誾ʿ磬ҲǰʵҵʦʦյĴûô࣬Ҳûôϸ
ں̫ܶæʱЩҵĶѧд
ׯд˶پ課
ֻмֽ顣
ʱ𾪡лѧϣûˡ
ơϽ桢רҵ
ͬʱǸǳůº͡ŵˡ
ֽȻͬʽϵķǳá
ʵϸϸԼűһĸо
м͸¶ĹһܴﵽġԴǷ׼Ҫ
дĵĲʿεͱׯĻ
һׯͲǲʿձҵڿ˷ض֢֮ϡ
ǷǳɡŬ츳ߵˡ
Ϊʲôˣļ˾Ȼˣ
һʱٸнԻ֡
***
Ѯ죬һ͵˻ҡѧװҲ絽ˣһҪ׼ĸļPPTȡ
ĳϣ׼öţԶû׼õһ졣
ѧһ߲Ķȣǵȴ١ָо
һѧߵԱߣСʣʦׯڲǿ²̨ɣ
ׯµĴί
úܺãׯֻѧǶȸ֣̽Ϊѵġ 誶ׯ˽⡣ѧţ˭
Ǻ¡ʧһҶŵˡ˶ʿ˵
һˣ˾ͺˡûµġ誰ο
˵ʮװĵׯ߽
׼ϵ誣Ťͷۣ¡۾֮ǰϴǸ˿۾
ֻ˲һζţ͸¶һ˹İʡָоǻµʶ
課źۼĨȥϵı飬ǰЦ˵ӭׯڣллμʵҵĴ硣һЩϵȻҪǩ֣Ҹ˵һ¡ŶˣȲ軹Ǻȿȣ
ֳ׼һЩˮ͵ˮһΪʱȽϳһջһЩ
һȣллׯء
ֳæ֣ܰ¸æ˱ȣݹȥׯڣĿȡ
ĸʵң綼ͷҪĴ£ȫԱȥæ
ллׯºأ֮ȥѧʵ飬Ըźηɡѧϰڵʵ鼼ӭʱȥ
֣ܰԴϴοŴׯʵҳ󣬾Ͳȥѧʵ顣ׯô˵ܾϲллׯڣҵȻϵ֮һúѧϰ 
ѧѧܱȸʦѧѹСҲȽɡ
ׯЦŵ˵ͷ
˼ݲߵׯߣָصط˵ׯڣ⼸ļڴҪǩ֣鷳㵽ʱдǩ֡
áׯһֱֻʣ֮ǰ誸͸ģһóá  
ί½ңǰӴһίԱУĽڣǱУϵĽڣǱϵʦһׯ
ѴַλίԱ
ЩļѧУǷ֪ͨҪչ涨ǩдܱЧ
ҪѧԺصʱ䣬ʱ׼ӭѧУѧλίԱͻ顣
Щº飬Щ촩ڸ칫ңϸѯ˺ܶ࣬ȷû©ĵط
˻ᣬͷ׷ԺʿҶԶк
ԺʿЦŻ֣ʾ£λμҵѧĴ硣Ҳøӣòõĵط˵
Һѽ̸һᡣ
ŵӣ翪ʼվЦ˵ллǰμʵҵĴ磬Ҫѡϯλίǿ˭Ը⣿
һί˵ҽͲ뾺ѡˣȥҡһ¡
ίЦҪׯϯ
ûׯڻعûãʶһ£Ժ˵Ժһί˵
ׯڣû£ϯҪǩһЩ֣ѹί͡
бׯίЦЦǹ
ЦŽӻδĴϯׯڡ
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ʿݽһСʱ˶ʿһСʱѧУ涨ʱ
誰˶ʿȴ磬øʿγɶԱȣѹСһ㡣
Ժʿļ̨սսģżʵֶú˵ԷPPTս˼ҳͿסˡ
֮ǰϣ誰ϰԽΣ˽ҲϰΣµֳûơ
Χһ½ţŵѧҲʦ˰Ѻ
ԽǿסԽǽţе㽲ȥˣڽ̨ϣͷҿίҪĸо
׼ǰׯ˵ƽһ£żǵ׼áıҵҿһ˶ʿ˵úܳɫĴԺɶȶܺáPPTͿԡ
վֱ˵ͷӣ˼ҽŽ
֮Ļ㱨˳ؽˡ
֮ʻڣίָһЩ⣬һЩ°ŵټǵѧ¼ЩҪڴӦġ
һʼҶŵ˵Ŀʼ˵дڵ⡣
˶ʿúǳԣΪûôʱ䡣
һȦׯʣҪЩ֣
룬ӦûһЩ񾭻·оһ飬һûá
ԺʿŤͷׯׯڣкõо𣿡
ׯűʣعͷԺʿǰ췢Neuronϵһƪ¸һء·˺еһӣõС֢״ԸơԲοƪףõоƬķʽɸѡӣ֤õͺ͹Ч֮ԸҩѧԺеҩӦû֢ĸһЩЧ
Ժʿ˵ͷãһͷѧּ
ֵʿδ磬ݽ˳
ʻھͱȽϼˡ
һίü˵йоأ£Ҳ̫
νͣ꣬ǰ˸Լú˼Ŀ⣬ûʱ⣬ʱеִ٣ͬʱҲٴʧܣûرӱĿ⡣
ҶúŪʵܻ⡣
ԺʿʦȷģԼģһеίʡҶû
һʼԼġʧܺԼһ뷨ʦһȷġ۾˵
ţ⡣ԺҪһЩ˼Ķ
ȷϣٴ󵨵㡣ʱʱ䲻ʵӳһʱĸãԳһ¡ί˵
ҶԲʿҪϸǿδһʼ;ǰĶڲʿҵȷʵǸ⣬ܶѧУʱҵʿܲ40%
ׯ˼һᣬӻⷽⲻдԣǺĶηηšʵǿķչֻԽԽСճһĹ¡忴ԵôԲ
εͷԣҲһʼ⣬ȷʵǵ꣬ҵʱȷʵˣͺܴˣҲߣû취ںܶԺʿʦңһ˺ܶѹ
ʿڼᣬȷʵʮѾͺˡ߻顢ѹʵƵ˵ͷ
̵ĵʦν̨߲ϴġھǺ漴ʹҵҲòѧλ
ţ⡣Ժ¿Уǹ˸Ҵί˵

ֻ꣬λίλѧĴǷͨ
Сʱѧȥɴϯ
λѧͨ
Ӱǩֻڽ誴ίȥѧУĲԷ
벻Զһͬ߹ȥ
߳ңׯǰ棬ڸί졣
ߴͦεıӰ誻ղŵĴ硣Щ˼⣬ׯûڴǶд֮ǰˡ
ʵڴѧίе棬ô֪ϽרҵԼһܺõʱ
ϾίҵĽڡԺһϿԺμѧ𡢿ⶼ
ûС
֪ô϶ǿԺʿϣ뵱ѿЩ⣬дѧ֪͹ˣûҪô˵棬ű˵ҫԼ̡
м
***
ѧһһʵң̱ϣɢ졣
ϲʦʦ˳ҵʵСף
ôýׯںºͰⶼûôơ
ţҽΧˡˣº͡оׯںԼûĹϬʣҹƵֳӻ
⣬ҵúúûش𣬻ͷýʱлٸۡ
еĶˣȥĲʿоߣûвԼֶͣǾľˡ˼
ҲͬСʦˣڿѧͦҸġȻҶ˵ϸ񣬵ʵѧܶණܲźۼչѧӺˡ

˻ᣬҲԷ֯ȥ۲ףˡ
***
߷ϣϲ˵Ĺ򣬴졣
ׯԱߣµġ
誶£ܿ治ɫֻơ
˶Ĭûм֫Ӵ
ٷׯ˲پơ
Ƶйϲعģ̸ģƼԼѧȥʿġ廨ŵɡ
調һһ׾¶ǣе㵣ġ
ûׯȾƹҲ֪ľô
ί½ֿȥ
ԺʿҲؼˣʹˣҪȥϢ
調ׯɫȶˡ
ӲȥʱѧУļλίڸׯɫ졣
誽ˣׯǰ档ûд󲽸ȥѡһԽ·ȥҩ꣬˵ҩ
ذ칫ң°ȥׯ칫ҡ
ţûӦΪׯȥʵˣת׼뿪
תŴˡ
߽ȥţ׼תסѹϡ
ͻľٶһš˸ôˣ
ׯû˵ֻɫעŽߵˣӣһֳ課ӱߣһɿӵһߣ⿪ķͿۡ
ǰˣҪ
ׯûػ׽ס誵ֻ֣קУٵͷϡ
ׯȶˣϰʱ䡣ǰɢŨŨƾζԼ͸һΣգɫˣϣһ˿ǡ
˿û˫Ҳѹס˱ι̶ס
ӦȵǣͺݾҪ¡
ж⿪һ̲סս/
ڿ˿յ¶еͣȽ档
ʱ⴫һ߸Ьһѣǰˡ
ûá
ĳˣǰֻаããһƬܸܵ/ܰ㡣
߸ЬԶȥɳҲĳҪ٣Ըһ
·һôãֱСաһ
課֪ǰ˴˿Ѿȫʧȥǣܣ˵ׯڲԡ
ﲻдʩԸҲС
ǰһ£ֱԴ誼ͷصغţԲеʧء
仰ǴŹ/̴ӺͷԵĿơ
ҪĻڰ㡣調ܣ˶̣ˡЩʲô
áۡׯء
Ϊʲôۣ課⡣
ԣˣԺ֪ˡЪᡣׯûټ˵§ǰˡ
ƽϢ˻ᣬȶˣ̧Щʪͷʡ
á
ôͻȻ
誶Լսžͱס»ûŪס
죬̫ƯˣƻׯЦ˵ԴǼŵƦ
֮ǰƯ𣿡課⣬Ǵְҵװ˵ױû֮
첻һׯҡͷ
課֪Ϊְͨҵװĳ/
׳´ɫһϥȹŲȺɫϸ߸ЬԵϸȳģ͹¡ͶɢһŵԸкȻ֡
ĳЩ˵ǶҩԨǡ
Ъ˻ᣬׯɿ誣·ĳ˵ӡǡ
ᱻ𣿡誵ͷ
ᡣܿ˻ᱻ˿Ĳλ
û¡
ׯϵҩУǣ誵֣ߵɳ¡
Եҩ˵ȥׯˮ
ɳϵ˵һֱ誵Ӱƶһ֣档ֻһˣСŵĶһ޶õ廨
ҩݸ¡
ͷˣеЦСʱǰ̸ĶšϽרҵ˸ղżֱҰ/ޣŷҰȫûƽʱġ
һ·Ƶɢӡ
ôлȻۼЩҵģŵĳ誶ҪΪԼֻþˡ
ִ˴ĸ첲ׯڣ˹Ŀ࿴
ϲ𣿡ׯ˫ϥϣƫͷ˫︡һĨЦ⣬Щҵͷһġ
ûԥе㾪ϲֻǳϲ̫ԡׯĽ̵£ѾֱԼĸˡûǰ˻һ档ҲĳЩ棬͹
ûʲôԣҵĵ̡
ЦûׯеԵӣһ£о𣿡
ղⷬڣױ϶ˡ
ûСҰһ£ױû̫ׯֽ˵ˮ
ᡣһ㣬ġҲǰжױֻԱŪױݲ֡誵Ȼȥᱻ
ֱ̧꣬ղŵʱ䲻̣绹ʵ飬Ϣᣬ첻ҪӰˣȥϢ
ׯֲ嶵͵ע誵Ӱʦ򶨣ѿصĺܺá
תлʦģˣЦȻΪڣҺаȫС
գգۣ˵ׯڣʶһΡѧϻǰϣҺϲ
ׯͷЦβ崺硣
誴źԼ칫ҡ
ֶమһ֡
жԼ˽ģ


 45 

µ, ѧĩϵٿܽ顣
һ磬ϵʦҡѧУٿ˸ܽ, ѧڵĹŶˡ
Ҳ׼PPT㱨ԼѧڵĹ
ֵ㱨ԼĹˡǰPPTã鷳ׯ˿ûҪĽĵط
Ͼְ㱨ʱܶ, һׯȫǵˡûʹ²ׯǵòΪä, Ӧ÷¡
Ļ䣬ʱó˵Ҳͻˡ
ׯPPTݵһλ, Ĺŵͻȡ
˵, һ, ߽ǼҲܳء
ѧԺ쵼㱨, ʲôʱ򶼲ɡ
ĸ˲ǰƴڻ᳡ҶܳĬ, ء
誱ŵһл㱨ĺ档
Ƕ㱨꣬һ, 
̨PPTĹиԼԹľ
ãƾѧϿʱõĶ, סˣû̫ţ㱨Ļ˳
ѧԺ쵼ͨĻ㱨, óĿСϿΡ콲аԺʿʵңɵĺܺáȻҲܿóܴ󣬺ࡣʦѹǺ£ѧԺܻǵְƿ˽һЩĸ
ԭܷɵţᶼֱͦ䡣
ЩĸϢϢأҲ֪Ͽ΢һЩӲָꡣ
ֻԺ˵ºͿп˲̫ҲһЩļҪϳºͿ˵ҲЩļһЩĸиı׼ϸУûṫʾ
ڳʦ˿
Ȼûȷµĸĸ˵ӦǺ¡
㱨ѧԺһС͵İ佱ڡ
誸һΪֻûϵʵʵھͺá
Ժѧܻӭѡ޿֢ؾ񼲲ķֶΡʦ񾭲ѧϵ誡̨콱
ĸһû뵽ϾΪһһС͸ΪֽǸʸߵʦ
̨콱ʱ򣬿ׯӻҺŽˡ˶һۣ漴
ղ誻㱨ʱׯȥˡΪȥӵ绰ȥˣʵ誽ţԾͳȥһܡ
ȻûֱӸ˵֮ǰᵽ̨Ľ㱨Լڿһܻš
ׯ̨㱨ǰ߳˻᳡
Ӧû㱨ˣͽû뵽ײ誻񽱡
ϤʱֽƿŶһֻ˻˸λá
꽱̨ɸһѽ״ùȥԴյһ͡
û뵽ʦ˻ý״ǸСʱֽ״һģһú档С˵
Ȼ״滹кɫӲǷƤװģǵһֽ
ϲʦʦаЦ˵
誺˿ˮʦԷȥĳԣ
˼ͬ
課㱻Ǻˮ˵ʡǮƳ״Ӧûһ㽱𡣡
ҲûǮȥʳóԣóַ㣬Ҫһ裡˵
ĸ˴һ£ȥʳóԷ
߳ҵʱ誳ׯָָǣʾҪһԷ
ׯЦŵ˵ͷ
ȥʳ·ϣյׯķϢϲʦӦõġһף
죬ɫֻĶһֱúܺá
ĸ˸ϵʳãȻһˣģܴ̼ԵȻ죬ֹ
а¾ˣûʲôţ˿÷ʡ
ֵͻؼҡ˵
Ӧûȥȸ٣ѧںۣûôɹ誣أ̻ء
誣һûȷϵĿӦÿҪʼˣҵÿİš
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һ㣬ҲΡ
ׯȥԺʿ칫ҺüˡÿζĿʱҪЩ£ҪȥЩطҪЩλչ
˼λᣬ誾ͺơԼѾõҪˡ
һڣӼʱ򣬡ϴ󡱻˵ˣҪؼЪš
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ܵĩ誶ȥׯҲ䷹ϾķóԶˡ
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˯е°ðһСһοӣԸУ̲ס׼
˯е˷˸һ룬ͱסһ¾ͱ˴ϡιڻ
ӦŷԼѾſˣִһ£ˣһ
ô֪ң誱˵
ֻܽׯۡ˯ѵЩ˻ơ
С͵
С͵ֱ͵ֵǮĶˣ͵ҡׯۣͷ˵ķ䣬һڣܰŴ硣
С͵û۹⣬ֵǮġˣ˵ˣ˯ɣҲ˯ᡣ
誴ׯԱߣ첲ׯϣӵһ˯ȥ
ٽûֱ𴲣ڴ˻ᣬȻҲһЩܣǵ誵ġ
һ㣬һֱ̫ףһȫµ
ۣʣΪʲôֱӵķʽڵʲô
Ҫ𿪡Ϥ㣬֮иõ׼
ںϤˣһһҲ˽㡣
ҪϤңϣֻҪúܣĲùܡׯ誵ļһһ¡
ׯ㲻ҵһоɣϤҵÿһ֣調ʼĲ²⡣
û˽㣬ǲо̬Ϥ㣬ֱӲʹࡣҲԣ£зִ硣ׯ˵꣬ǻʪ͸誡
֮ûپ⣬ÿζׯİţǳ֡Ҫеֿ֡
ӯˣƤϵȳһϸͨ͸ˮ廹״̬ﵽ˶塣
ʱ꿴ҲޣȻʲôƷá
ʱ֪ʵûʱĬ
ׯû⣿ʱܻɣ˵˽⣬̶ֳȡһ˲ǼԼ/
Ҽû⡣Сش
ׯÿζס۾һͿˣ𾪣ʲôû˵
ƵĻ⣬ûݣǸʱ껹ׯ
㻹ǲ˽ˣȥûⲻʾû⡣С誣㳤ģоͿ˻ʱ꽨顣
Ȼʱô˵һҲġǶׯĪΡ
***
ǰһܣԺʿĿƻʽʼǰ誸ׯϢʮҡ
ѵõ٣誺ܿġ
ׯóƱʱϲ
򳡲㱻һͷׯƱڵˡ
ACƱ
ҪҿƱʡΪׯǻԣԻԹս
򣬻ŮѸҪ
Цڽ´㿴ı
ڰ칫ңûҼ֣㵽Ϊֹ
誴ׯ칫ҳʱ׼ŵЦŴк뿪ˡ
̹ȻˡϴڳҲ֪ûׯһ𡣵ѾˣҲ££û˭˵ʱ򹫿
ģڸάθ顣
뿪ļׯǩ֡
ׯǩ󣬵ݸ
ļû뿪˻ῪڣׯڣϴθұùʱμѧУӪ뱨о
ׯޱ飬ϴ˵һشĺ
òòУرǰʱʵҲιۣׯһ۾ȫסˣ״̬ȫǸׯйص¡
ϵ£öҪһڼͥۻ˵ˣׯо
õĳɼȷʵ㣬ͨӪҵһʦӦû⡣ֻׯоȻ˼˵ڴ
ǰѧʱ򲢲ڣڼûܵܶ˵ڴĬĬŵ״̬ڴУǸĺӣҲйоء
ãСյǳࡢĻѧϰõóֵģСųܾ谮˶ϲܿ
ϱһڴȻôͨׯĹϵȷһʧʱԼҲмӡ
չׯڣϣʱ࿼һұãΨ
ׯüû˵
ׯɫ̫ãָæ˵ţǵʱѧˮƽ࣬ϣܰѻ
ׯüͷʦӪǶ෽ġصѧУұ˶һ׿˱׼ʱšû㱣֤һ¼ȡãҲʦҪѼһ
˵ͷõģллׯڡ
ѧУӪѮУʱׯòѡѧ
û٣ֻܳʱ誡һ㣬Ҳ
ҲûԹׯеΡ
ʱȥ
***
³ٿʼѧʦǶ½ؼҡ
죬誺ׯȥݿ
ʱϰ˵㡣
ݸ˴طͣǣݡ
ſڰŶӰʱǮǣҶյһ򣬻к
ǮǴǻԵİɫ£誺ׯǺ¡
¿AC£֮ǰׯԸ⴩ӵ£еᡣҪһµʱׯȻӦʡ
ǮȻûŹׯһȤ
ׯҲһ죬ΪŮѷԼӰ
ЦŸͣŮҪ

ǵڳû˵ֵĻ˵˵ЦЦԲͬһ߿̨ԽǾͷֿˡ
Ϊ˰ȫ򳡲ԴϺƿװˮֻṩװϡ

лſʼļ¸ߣ˶࣬ȵĿ¡һķӭɣһȵ˷͡
һǣ䣬ϵ˸ᣬ΢㡣쿴ºһţж̿㣬Ųһ˫ɫ߸ϵЬ
һ˫ֱȶ⻹һδộû̫Ƥ׵Ļۡһ濴̨ۣ
ԣԾӶ࣬ʱʱĿƮ
ղŶӵʱׯע⵽ˣû취ҲЩ˶ۡ
ׯȻĻס¶һϸ֫
˻ᣬ誾ׯ̫̣֣̫ˡʾſ
ׯɿһᣬ˻ֻϡ
κׯҪº֮ѡһ
С
ܿ쿪ʼȻԱܾҵߵú档
ΪʽԲԱԶܷɡ
誵Ŀⶼ򳡣رر˧Ա
ׯƱڳţλ÷ǳãźܽܿԱÿϲԱͻƹվ
һȥԱɫ̫ã¶Сݣһ£ԣǶû˧
ȻǼšš
ʮ½˳
һ϶رģϲACӮˡȻʽӮ˿ĵ¡
ǣ߳򳡣ͣĵط·һЩС̯調һԷӶ䣬һϣСһ
صϣҶ½뿪·϶µˮйͨ
ֻܿͣͣׯγÿβɲǳỺĴʵ̫ˣθﻹе㲻
ðСʱڿµһ·֮ؼҵ·˳
ȳԵ㶫ٻȥ˯ׯ˵
ԣ̫ˣûθڡػأһ˷ܣеۡ
һ㣬Ҹ󡣡ׯ֡
ûԷȥˡԵ㶫Ϲܱѡ
С誸ׯȥ
ɳֻׯڳࡣ
ׯѾɳ˯ˡ
׼¥¥ݣ˾ˡ
ׯûһֱ䡣
Ѿ˯ˣ˺öູϴ衣ȥԷҵȻȥ
誽ԡϴׯ¥ȥ¥µԡҳ衣
ϴ裬ѷ˰ϲ¥Է
򿪷ţ誸մԡš
ֻһۣԴըˡ


 46 

ĺڳ¡
ѩ׼Ⱦˮ鶯˫糺˫, ɾƯķۺһ˫ϸȡˮͷŪʪǰ·, ߾ԡ
ͺܰףڳ½ƵѩһףԸеļһ޹
ɢĳصķΧ, ˵ֻ̽Ѱ
һʱҲԭء
ȥϴǰׯ³˼¡ϴ, ϣе, ׼ȥ³һܴĿӡ
ûϵׯˡ
Ȼ֮ǰйһЩԵΪ, ǻǲͬһĻû׼ġ
ż, ֳ·°ڣֺ, תԡҶ
ˡ
һֻȥǼܼ, һ·¡
˱
˸ܣҿǰˡ
ܸܵׯļУһڰ칫Ǵθ, Ҫ///ĸоٿơ
ܿ//͵𣿡
˫ͷ, ûһ˿ԥͷ
һ뱻ȼ
ʶ̧ͷ¿ۣס
֮ǰֻǸ·, ǵһμ档
Щµôôˣ
ǰʱôѧĽʿΰѧۿλʵΣûѧһ
ׯͷЦ˻ᣬ̧ͷָͷ˵£˵
š
֮誾ͰԼׯеĶ
Ө״¸һ
ȵŨһֻƣᴥÿһκһ䣬ˮϵ£ͽϡֿҡ
ɽϪˮʹԡ
ʢţѤҫĿУӤļ¶飬Ρ
ߣƣҪڱ⴦Ҽᣬḧ/½߻Ӧ/Ե//ġ
ɢȥ绨ʢ֮ʱ֡һ̾ͣ٣΢ˮɡ
ȥɣ飬ÿһ¶ע飬ϣɽ㣬ʢķ羰ڷ嶥һ𱼸ȥժǣȥ£ȥ֮
УֻѺʱץһ١
ʱ֮ǰ˵һλܿ졣
ׯûУ֪˶ãõҪֻþЩˣжá
ôˣׯɤ
ûС
ɫˣһƬ컡
˽һ𣬸ԭʼĿ֡
ֻʣңң㣬Ҳſ˴ˣһ֡
ܾã˶û˵
ˮ̳˽һ
۾컨壬ָ/ʪͷУţղ𣿡
δйĿ֡ллҰ㡣ׯȻЩ˻ƣڴ˿̣ԸзǷͷǻˡ
ҲǡЦŻأθ֮ǰһǳһȻֲ˾䣬ׯҵˡ
ﾡǽ㣬еԵһ˿š
ׯһ룬ˣЦüǳ£Ц˺ܾã˶˵Ҫˡ
ðĸԸЦŻأӺ񲢲
ϴϷ׵ʱԻ˼
ԺỵһΣޡ
ӵЦ
ҹ繣ޡԺҹеһӰ
ллҵ顣
֣ܿҲǡ
***
⣬ϴһ裬ŻصԷ
еˣûׯȥȣ죬¶Ⱥá
ˬˣܿθ
ϸղŵ˶ʳ󿪣һׯָʢһ롣
һ߳ԣһġ
֮ü·߰ɡڳװҵķ⵽ڰɡ˵
ɰɣ໥˽Ӧ
ʲôʱڣ
£µס
ã·Ҳԡҵġ
誻˸ղ鷢ĳͻȻһׯǲĳã
Ϊʲôô˵ׯ˿̧ͷʡ
֮ǰıȸղŻ٣Ҳûô誼̽͡
ղŴǼڳºǲûվӿ
û˶һ㣬ʲô𣿡̧ͷʡ
ׯûϻش
誼֪𰸣Ժǲǲô
ܣҶһЩڳ¡ղǼǱˡ
Ŷ㻹ûشһأؼûյظ
뷸/û취ƵסׯղĻΪʲôðѪֳ嶯οȷʵĳЩһЩᡣ
Ǹݻе񾭣Ƕչ⡣ʱֻһκ˶ֹˡ
˻Ӿ֮ǰñȸղŻٵʱСɲ̫˵Ի·
Ǵپ͸ԸСׯûֱ˵Լ֪ͺá
誻ǲ̫ףȨҵ˵ĳˡ
***
˯ǰׯʣ۲ۣ
һ㡣誺Сء
֮󲻻ˡׯ˵ǻ˵ķ
šǲҲ̫ܣʱı顣
Ҳۡׯͷ課˵
ףΪʲô
ׯûش𣬵Ц
ׯԴȵϢĲӺͶߣõȡ
ׯ΢˲ǰԴ˯ˣŮ
㻹ûشأŮûôúŪ
ׯϵյ誶˵˼֡
һ¾ͱ˺ͮͮϺףˣȻ϶û˯ˡ
һ誶ܹԣׯ˶Թߡ
ҹ˾˼ׯӡûһ˯껹Ǻжߡ
ŮΨһһ
ͷǻ˵Ķͷ
˯е˵³ׯ˳
Ұ㣬誣лл㡣ׯ˵
ҲҪ˵
ϣΪϵģᾡԼܸһСϣԺܿĵ˵ᵽҸĸְˡ
***
ԭǴʮڶׯɳϣյϷԱܣׯøֲˣܳԵƷӼֱܸ
ʢģգʲôȥֵ˼ûˡ
ׯòУúõļӦóȥȼ٣Ȼе˷ѡ
ڼҹ죬ׯĥӲ£ͬȥʹһˣʲôҲùܣ·ׯȥҰʰġ
һ¿Ķȼٴ壬СڣλñȽΣҲࡣΧķ羰ǳȺɽˮľľɾˣһط
誺ϲţΪһլҪȥɽˮļеġ
ÿ˯Ȼѣ극Ȫ³ȥͷ羰Ӱٳȥɢվͺ
ׯûʲô誵˼
ղԼˣģءׯͣա
ׯҲһԵĿռÿһζýǶȺ͹ߣ誰ںơÿһŶ󾫡
ùֻƬЧһϲׯʦպΪ֮ǰ𣿡
ǣҪģغÿôĶÿ
Ȼѧʲôܿ졣˵ׯһ£һҪġ
ڶȼٴļ죬ÿ誻ͬȹӳȥпɰıɴȹҲԸеĶȹׯ˺ܶա
ׯϴʱһЩƬʱꡣ
ٳղʱĻظƽʱķе㵣誾Ͳ˵绰ȥ
绰Ҳӡ
誴Ӵ˺ü绰Žͨ
ιʱ꣬ڸأ
绰ͷûӦ
誸żˣظŮô˰
˻ʱ˵֣û¡Ȼûµӣʡ
ˣ誾ˣûʱ޹Զֺһ˲ڽµְ
ʧˡ
ˣǰʱʧҲûһµĲȥɵĲģǺͶ̸ˡ
֮ǰǶʱ䣬ʱֱƷͻÿ춼ڰв԰Ρϴ˵˳ܣҲûϣ¼еִ
û뵽鷢չز
ҳȼˡʱϲȥǱߣ˵Ựһȥˣ㰡¶̨ⲽһʱҲûõİ취
誣˵Ⱳӻпҵ氮ͲСˣ̸ôû޳ҶеĻˡʱɥɥġ
ʱ꣬Ҳ氮ôϴ㶼ѵұˡʲôģһȥˣҸõԺӿ϶ܹ÷ˮĿ調Զɫ췽ʽʱꡣ
ͻȻ价һ˫֣調һ£ղ˵Ļ϶ׯˡ
군ԺҪˡ
ЦתͷָָֻʾԼڴ绰
ׯͷɫǺƽɿ誣绰Լݡ
ʱ겻֪ߵ˵֪ǰʧҲû˵ˡؼηֲΪСΪ˭Բ˭ǲʡԸ񲻺ʣ£ܴس޲ݶǻమġ
ú̸̸ԭʢҲǲ˰ɣʡ
̸һɸˣƲԼҸԸº͵ˡ/ҩͰһһըܾˡ
һʼܹѹȣϻ𣿡Ʋԭͼ⡣
һʼֻǸʱ⣬һξ͹ȥˣ˶Ρ
ʲôûףʶʡ
С誣Ҳѵˣֻ𣿣ʱԭɥɥģͻȻ
誸æֻÿһЩ䶼ҪͲﴫըˡ
Ůˣû취
תׯϰû·ţʲôƤڵƹ·Ź⣬˿鸹ɿһϴͷʪģең͸¶һԸС
һַǳŨУȫûƽʱʦʱ˾ӡׯһʮָɾʣ¡
˻ᣬˣе͵˵ǻǡ̼²ǵƷǻ⣿
Գܺȥ֤̼Ϊǻŭ޴й뷢йԷϡʱ걾һŽġ
ûشׯˣǻⷢԸҲǻйˡ
ǰ죬һеۣϢָûȻܸоĳĸ߰ûһζԼ˽
Ҫ֮ѻͣҪҸһǿƵģģ誽顣
ʱԸֱ˻ˡҵҲǿưԵˡ
С̹ܻûʱ겻̫Ը⡣
ŶҲ㲻Ҫ̫ģϲȥء侲һʱ䣬ֲϲˣǾͿȥǺʱ갡ܱһ˰סôԣһȥﰡ취ο
ȥȾơʱ껹Ʋ֡
Ҫһȥȶûչ㣬Σաҵȥôҹͻȥˣȵң
Ҵ绰ѡúöȼٰɡپۡʱ˵Ҷϵ绰
绰ݡ
ׯɳϣֻʼγûԣһ¡ЩҪصĹʼҪһ¡
Աߣһı飬ӣǷġ
һġɿ̲סȥ͸绰һһòֺ
ׯһֱڻʼ档
˻ᣬֻ׽ס֣Ƥɢģ˶ô
誶סȻղŻûӹȥֻӲͷƤͣô˵³򡣺ʱʧˣڰοЩԺͷ˧ҲŲȥ
ţҵúúñһ챻ˣͻᱻӵׯ̲ػء
﷭˸ۣü壬ȥһ£ׯʦôãҲ᲻뿪
ֻõһšֵĻش
ûƢˣ˰Ѻ壬룬յߣС˵ź㡣
ֻǰ̧ͷͫɢعâЦɢаȣһƽʱǺЦаôź򣿡
誱ǰס·ʶԼһ㣬룬ʲô취Ժˡ
°סĳطҲֻѣ̧ͷ
誡ׯ˵ֻ֣ǲͬƽʱºͣһҧгݵĸо·ĳ־档
課˵Ҳûмһֻðͷ͵ĸĿǰе鶼ׯģֻԽԽ̡
Уûȥˣ˦ɽ׼ȥԡӱܡ
óˡ
ˣһѳסӵֻСĳǵׯ˻һ
ȥЩʹࡣ
Ϊ²ãôˣ˵ˣ
ׯͷ˵Ĳ˼£ţ˵ˣҪһ»ܲá
˵ͱ誣ٵһ롣
ܿ죬ǰһڣסҲסһĻֲȷδ֪ûаȫС
ţׯѵ㣡е㺦¡
ûյشֻܼ¡һҲû¡
ֻԽԽʣԽԽȡ  
º誾һܣҪǧַʽֲ
誵һֱ۸ܵׯǿƣǳǳǿơԵҰ
ȫûƽʱĶź
ٳȥĥһȱҪޡ
֮ǰ˵޲Ц
ҪǸ
/̱誣̧֣һˣղźÿ¡һҲ㡣
ܿģǲǣׯͷŸ첲ɢػء
ׯʵֱ¹ޡ۽ǻˮ
ׯ§ЦЦݼ䴺ޣüĿаȡ
˻ᣬʣ۲ۣȻղŶֱûʧִ硣
ˡȻղе㺦£δ֪ʵܷŴܶܣһȳУһ֪Լδֻ޿֡
ţǾͺá
˱˵˻Ựʵ̫ۣܿ˯
˯˵˯գ۲˵Ĺ۽ǻۣׯ
ͷϵֻˣùۣɫ䣬һ
Сȥ̨ϲţ绰
֪Ϣģׯһʡ
һҵۻᡣϼŵ˵ģ˵ǹ˾ǧҪׯĿǰԷ֮ܵѡ񡣡ǮϢ͸Ͻׯ绰
Ŀģׯʡ
ҵݻָԶпҵͼѡ㣬ô죿Ǯʡ
ϴүү˵ҴһᡣүүûӦҲûġ
誡ׯء
֪˻Щж̣㲻ǲ֪ҪեΪׯ˵һֵǮΣԼЩľҲֻܿ
мҪæһȥ֮˵Ŀǰø֪ׯ˼˻ᣬ͸ţŴϵ˵
Ҷϵ绰ׯ̨˺ܾãīҹɫס߷ԽãԽоԼᱻڰɽȥ޵׵Ԩ
ֻתŷůɫĵƹ⣬˯񾲵ˣҪݵֱ
ǰǰ⡢أǺů顣߽ߣҪͶһ٣ޱߺڰ
ûоͷֻ̰˿̵ᡣ
ݣ˯ˣѰһƬ
İ
лҪ˵ˣĿǰֻд֮˰ɡ
cheңԣ˽дֵġ桱Цģȥɹ
ֻ»û鶼ûдꡣкܶ棬ׯ課ֹᡢºһ棬кܶ档~
̫ˣûдˣȻݺ˽(*/أ*)Ժʱ߲úܿ죬ддˣ¾ᡣ

 47 

, ׯҪȥμӪ誻ϼңʣڣҪȥ㡰ϴ󡱡
ʱֱӴӼȥׯ, չԺʿĿ
ţׯͬ⡣ѱ˵Ů߹һһܣѾǳˡ
ʵѾ, оʱɵʦȷѧУûӲԹ涨
ׯѧܼ١ʵֻԼ
Ӫǰڿˣ롣ó⼸ʵ顣һƻ, һֱƽĵʱϲϣʱ͸Ͻʵ顣
, ڵͷʵ顣߸Ь, ΪͻȻϲ, ̧ͷǰˣһջر顣
ׯ, ʵ飿ûݼ٣΢Ц˵
ˣôʵˣׯ˵ŵͷ, ʵ顣
Ǹʵ飬ܵһʱ𣿡һ˵
𣿡
е, Ҫæ
ׯеʵ飬̧ͷ˵ɡ
, ſ˵Ψ
ׯʵſڳһŮ
Ψ첽߹΢, Ц˵ׯںãΨӪо
״µׯۣʵҵˣǵӦǺ죬ڹ˽ʵҵ
ţҷǳʵң鷳ʦʱעһ¡Ψһڴػء
ׯһᣬԻоЩ˽⣿
ʵ˵ҶƵʱֻһЩʵ飬θĹ֡ʵ鷽˽Ĳ࣬ҽʵң϶úʵ顣ΨһţΪֻǴкû뵽ʱ
ʵ飬˽𣿶ϵͳ˽𣿡ׯʡ
еģұٴҽѧԸѧĿγҶϹˣϵͳĽʺһЩ֪ʶ綯λѧΨСĻش
뻻רҵԭʲôׯʡ
ٴרҵ̫æ̫ˣܲٴҵĻҽѧһͺܺãֻҪʵҺúʵС
ׯһû˵һߵΨŵĲС
˻ᣬׯ˵ͷţ֪ˡҪιʵң鷳ʦæŸܡ
õģллׯڡΨòش
֮ׯʵ飬Ψιʵҡ˶ûʲô˼˹䣬ׯк뿪ˡ
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ʰ꣬׼ϴ裬ֻۣ֡񾭲СֶӡкܶϢ
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绰ͣȺϢ
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侲˼飬Ӧûô򵥡
ֻϣׯסҪϵ


 48 

һ·϶, ˷ɻͲᣬûһᡣ
ط賿㡣ƻͨĻ, ȳʪһ͸
ٳ˻, һ·ϣڴ˾ٶȡ
ҹֿտ, һ·Ʋͣٵˡ·ƵĹâڳϱиߣ̲סۡ
޵̫, ۾ۡׯ˯, Ҵ绰ȥͬʱҲϣ˯ˡ
Ϸɻǰ͸Ǯ绰, ֪ׯѾ飬˼ҡ֮Ҫ½ϵ顣ΪԷһҧɧš
ſ, ˢָŽȥ, ߵЬֱӿٳ¥, ûˣƿԡţҲûˡ
Ĳɵ, ¡䡣
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ׯݵ̧ͷ䣬ź⣬ǰˣһ飬վȻ󲻶ɫذ󱳵ǣǿĳ˳ǡ
һĻûӹ誵۾ߵߣҲû˵ù֣Ӿ˼룬罭ˮ㷭ѹᣬ򶨵˵ҽҩҸ
˵꣬鷿ߵĳѰңҵһСҽҩ䡣
ǣׯ֣鷿ɳ£óǩѪ򿪵һۡ
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³ʱΨһץסͷĸ뷨ӿԴʱþа취Լкǿҵǽˡ
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ǰ⣬ӲġһںڰȴĵʱҪȺܾúܾãʱ۾Լûʱ
һΣţϣһ㵽ΪԼΪ߱ˡӦóЩ
ۺʱץסǵ⡣ڰ磬ǾֻŬĹ
˻ᣬׯۣ͸ûʵĴһ
˯ŰɣѹҲˡ
лҪ˵һһѹ֣ϣûӰҵ顣ů˻һŬ߳ġΧܵŵˣ֪ôĻһӵɡ

 49 

һֱ˯, ֱо˺ƽȣ˯֮Ÿۡ۾ׯ, ˻ۣǴĿġ
ʶ֮ǰ, ʱ˺Լģ課롣֪ⲻԼܿƵġҲǿ, ෴϶Ŭþ֪а취˼άһڶ, ƴˡ۵ĵط
ʱо, Щʹʵʵϵġ
þȥ, ȥͬܣû취ᵽʮ֮һʹࡣ˺
ǣ, ǳܡ
ܼ룬ȻҪˡԴǰ, ͵˵ׯҪúõġ
ʵ̫, ۾ɬĺۣ課֪˯ˡ˯ǰʶѸ첲ϡжʱ֪
ѹʱ, ۣׯһ¿ע
ʲôʱѵģôңԺ˵۾϶ˣɴֱۡ
һ, 뿴˯ŵӡׯ˵ţָ̧ϵķ˿
˯ŵӺÿ𣿡Цʡ
ÿ˯ˡ
調Цׯڵ״̬֮ǰһ㣬ٻ˵һЩĵĻ
ӶǳȥԻ̹ͷׯֱʱ䣬һ㡣
ȥ䳬Уܡׯǵ˵Ļ
ðҺϲһ䳬С
ʲôر֮𣿡ׯʡ
һ䳬ְ̳һֳ̻ɾ͸СЦ˵
Ůûʸ񡣡ׯǻˡ
誷ʳָס죬Ƥü죬ŮҪˡׯĽˣ㲻Ҷ˾顣˵Һ̡ܲ
˵괸첲һ£û
ׯƵ誵ĺ󱳣ȦסſԼϣסҪһʱҵԼҪȵȡһµ񡣡
ãҺڴ𴲰ɡׯ˵
ׯֱ˻誣ɿ
һȥϴ
ϴ꣬誸ׯ⿪ɴ˿ѾѪ衣
Ȼһȥ֮ǰҵ̸࣬ܺá֮ǰҲˣû̡ҸͿϡһǩһ˵
ûȥãСׯء
ǩֶ£û˵Щһ˲ˡ
ϴˣҩ࣬˹ҩֺ֪ҩá
֮ǰܵʱûа̣Ӧ˺ܶ෽ȥˡ
ϵй˺ۣ課롣
꣬ȥ³˼ڳ£Цŵݸׯׯʦ촩ڳ¡뿴㴩һμ㴩ͱסˣʵ̫˧ˡ͵Ҫҫѵġ
ׯͷӵؽӹϡ
ѡ·סׯϵɴȻȥУ˴̽ѰĿⶢ˿ڿȻܲע⵽ֻҪֿܣҪǰ뵽Ҿ⡣  
ʰһ£ǣֳţȥСĳС
̫̫ɹѣΣׯֻЩų⣬̫ҫ۵ĹԼȱ¶µֲʸС
ɵսֻС֡
誸оˣ죬ֻеоĲʡ
ҪǻȥŤͷ˵
û£ȥׯء
誷սȥ԰ɣʵû֣Ǿ̻ȥ
˵˳У˺ܶࡣׯŹﳵһĸ첲뿪һ
ׯһ£誣ֻó
Ȼôʣ誻ǴӿŵСóֻ󣬵ݹȥ
ׯᣬ˿Щף֪ҪЩˡֻ
һ߿ţҪһůʱǹ˼ϲá
ΧţѵˮĲׯʦúãֵù
ׯЦЦųѡˣ˶żһ
˿һԺ۵Ľ۵¡
˺ܶˡ誰ְֲЩ˶˸飬ϼҵزڳжûҵ
ׯ˵ȻȥϿ
誵ûôִţֲǷǳЩ˲ɡ
ׯҵҲͦãûֹ
һЩɿ͵ԭϡ
ܵıǰׯĸ첲ҡ첲˵ׯʦܰɡʲôҾͳʲôġ
ׯϸһĥ誵ĿζѾϲԵģŽﳵ
һ͵͵֣һʮС
誹ĺܾˡȫ̶ǳġ
ʳ˼ҡ
ڳѶűŽͳ񣬹˻ᣬˡ
˽һԿһۣׯܿ췴ӦӦǮ
誷еĶܹȥš
Ǯмʶˡ
ǮЦ˵誣ˣʦ
ţġ˵ţЬó˫Ь
ǮʦһŮ
ѿɳ£ָæȥˮʱׯʰһЩߵ
ǮܣλǸϵʦȨĶʦ
ллׯǮ˵ֿʦŵ˵ͷˡ
໥ʶֱ⡣
誰ˮڿǰׯ£ս֣֪ׯҪһ龭
׵¡Ҳ΢תһֱȥ
ʦͷβ˽һЩͨ¼ȡ֤¼
ʦׯʲô
誰סׯ֣࣬ȿڣ£Ҫ֤ʵׯûκιԷһҪԺµо顣
ΣҪҪڸ罻ƽ̨龭Ǹһ¡ǸҪҵͬ⣬ܷܡκʽĺͽ⡣ںͽֿܡ鷳ǵʱ̬ȸ֪Է
ȻߵһǾ͸߶Էʵôеġ˱ΪԼΪ
Щ£ûׯ죬Ƕ̸ܲͲ̸ղ˵Щ뷨֪ׯܲѧǸĺֻ֤ԼףΪһѧ
վ誵ĽǶȣôԷһٶ仰ܻһӵͷѾΪ֮ѡˡ
ׯŤͷ誣һΣ񣬺ܷϿ£ȫƽʱӡ
û
һΣԷˡ
ׯס誣¡
˼תͷЦЦ
Ǯһ߿ţٸнижмǵ誴绰ʱǹɽĿ޵
誴ͷβǵׯûʹʵʲôӲΪׯ£վߡ
Ǯʱֻ֪Ůܰׯε
ʦǣ誰Ǯˣ鷳ˡȻׯա
û¡Ǯ˵ӵׯĵ绰󱳷Ϊ鼬֣ǵׯ
ͷЦŸׯ˵ׯʦҶˣ鷳ȥͶι
ղŻ£ׯֳһ㲨誸ҵɢעҪǮһЩ¡
ׯ˳С˵ǮЩ£ѯһ¡
ׯǲǺܲãǮʣܸоĳָо̫Ϥˡ
ţãеأʲôûȤС˵Ҫ㣬֮ǰôģûбصʱ򣿡
ʲôֻܿɵ¡ʱĬ˵˵Ҳ˳ǣ񲻴硣
жʱݵƤǣô߸һˣݵ100ֻۣһţҹҹ˯ţʱ˯ѡΪҪŲȥˣʱ뿪׼ܺȫԼӲŹȥġǮ˵꣬ͷҡͷĻȥ
ص˺Լʲô꣬ɫҰף䣬ս˫ʡ󲻳ׯҲԸȥ롣
/ɱ뵽зʽԹкüαȥȣ÷ֵļʱȻˡЩѲʲô˵һ߿Ҳ֪̫ʹˡǮ˵üͷ
Ƕʱ䣬ǰ24СʱӲĻš
誻һ֪Ĺ֢֢״ׯӦöܺùԼ׾Ķ󲻳Ҳû֪
˻ᣬ課ſڣллǡ
ûǣͼڵׯõׯ
һ˿𣿻᲻ܳҪҲǮġ
û£УҪæһῪڡ˾ҪˡǱҪׯȥģҪȥ֮߳󶼺˵
ţá誣лл㡣ׯлл㡣õѣȹҵΪʲôӦõġ鷳չ˺Ǯ˵
ȹ㣿誳Ծֻ֪ǮׯĹϵǳá
ţʮʱȥӾұ˾ˣ˶ˣΪûˡֻׯȥƴץסҡʱðŷǳΣȥҵġһ㣬ҶˡǮ赭д
ׯֿ֮ѡ
˻ᣬǮֻˣ绰ԴǸظ˵Ǹ˾е£Ҫȥһ£ٳԷһչ˺ֻҪ߳Ժٱá
վͷ֪
ׯе£ˣһԷǮһɤӡ
ãллˡܺʱׯάһò
Ǯղ˽飬Ȼס˵ׯҪļˣ
ղˣòãԵˣ
Ͱ˵ҰֵĲ׿ȥе㸴ӣÿ˶еѡׯʦҪѹã֮ԡ誰ͷׯĺϡ
šǱǸղեĳ֭ȥһԷҪһᡣׯأɵͳȻ˵ů
˻ᣬۿһʪ˿ɣǮղ˵ׯ֮ٱĺá
˵ĹУһֱԼСʱ£˵Ȥ£˼ʱ䡣
ʱ˵һЩԼ£誶ڹ¸Ȥѻ
żׯ˵ϼ䡣󲿷ʱ䶼Ĭš
ҲǿҪоĴڡ
Ҫˣ̴ȥϷׯ˵
ҪҪϸһζȻ֡
ׯûٶ˵
һֱã˵Է
ׯʦ㻹ԭĺúãζڡ誳һ̲˺˵
أ
誰ԣϸϸƷ˿ˮҲζһ㣬ҼǵҰֺ˻š
á֪ˣ´ηš
ԺҪڼٰݾҰPK˵ˮƽԺׯθһСЦųδ
ȥԺ԰ֽӹһסׯᱻ誴ߣԸ˵һ㡣
סġҪϼ衣֮ǰ˵ˣҲȥʵڵϼҼȲҰֵļ磬Ҳġ˵
ׯĿ誡
ϼҰִѧҵеʱ迴еġǳϲļ紺羰续ȥҰ޷ȥˣӴǾͰѼҰҲСﳤ󡣡
ʮǰ£ΪԸԼϲˣԸ
ׯе𾪣ĺܰ衣
ΪͬҰ֡ǲķ涼֮ϡ÷ǳ誸п
ʲôׯ
Ӧʮһʱһΰҹ¥ϣ׼ȥ¥ºˮ¥ݿڣҰڼĮ̇ߺȾƣȻ˵ϹҪһһǡͷ䡣
ȻأׯһǸ棬Ȳ֪ġ
ȻҿҰһǵõʱֻ˰̨һյůƵơ
΢ˣڸ߽ϣҰֹǣǳ˺ܾúܾáҶߣ͵һǸ˷ǳĶҿеӾС˵Ļ涼ҪôҶˡͼǸ
ֻϧҵʱûûĳ
ݻİᡣ
ʵǸʱҰ趼ʮǿʼ̸Ǹʱ20ˡ
úׯͷϣҲ
ò˵誸ô£δЩڴڰﲥһЩӺ͹âһ˿ů˷ʲôץסˡ
ׯˣҵĳǾҪ֣㶼֪ҵʱж졣ĳġſӣЦؿŶ˵ʱҾ룬һҪúðֵ̫ˡ
ׯתۿȡ
ó˵ⷬǷݳֿǺͬǱֻȫĵİһ˿
誷еĿӣƹߵߣ°ͣǣǻָоһǡ
ׯס誣
һ˿ϲʱׯ죬޶ԣֻǱܡܸܵһЩ嶯һЩ
誾ǣǵģֱδĹһֱҫǣ
һСֻҪš
ׯ䱦һŮеġá밮鶼ֻ
һ˺ޱΪһģֻ㣬ܵá̰ȴڰǹã
Ψаɹ


 50 

, ˳극һʰóûлط䡣
誴ׯĳƬѡһųƬ򿪿, ׯׯʦ᲻裿
̫, ûѧׯʵ˵
Ŷû£Ҵ
Ҫ裿ׯʡ
㿴ƫⲿӰô2005汾, 赸ҶϲһԲ, Ҫܶ, ҪԣͷЦʡ
ȥⲿӰ, Ժȥׯڹѧʱ⡣
ģöӢ׵Ӱ͵ӾҶرϲ㿴򡢵ӰЩķ, ֮ҲҪȥѧһ¡
ţԺȥһ¹ʵҡʲôʱȥ, Ҷ֧㡣ׯ֮ǰ⡣δҪٵ顣Ȼǻû۹
ΪԺķչȷʵҪȥʵҽһ¡ҾҪָˣ᲻á誰ͷׯ, üƲ˵
֮ǰǹЩԴׯУ¾ͱûôˡر, ֿ
ҵ밮ĳͻʱеաûׯ˵˵Ҳ⡣
ҵʱ뵽ȥѧУѧߣ㳤ʱֿ㲻õġׯԴء
ڵʵҸ𲽣벻ɣʡ֪ׯǳĵָѧεѧ
, ǰʱʵһѧĿǰҲ˻ʵ鷽ʱָʵڲУʱҶɼΡЩ㲻õġׯءЩº֮ǰͿʼˡ
ţʱڲЩ裬Ҫǲҿ㿴
ʲô裿ǴСѧôׯ誵ĹܸȤ˵˺ܶԼͯꡣ
һͽ裬̫רҵܶ겻ˣȥѧġ
㸸ĸǳɹׯ̾
Ӧò²ô˵ȥѧѧǵġ֣ת˸Ȧֻׯ
ôģѧϰһ£ԺׯΡׯ誣ϸ졣
ЦׯΡСѳֵĴеࡣԺǸҸĺӡ
ÿҪѧʲôҪȥѧΪ˵ǣѧ٣ͻ˵ȥѧ١˵طʦ̸Ҫѧʵǰй۲ҶԸٸвȤ˽ңҵͶж벻ѧ
ҶʲôֳһȤŴȥΣһ¡ûȤˣ˵ѧˣҪһӲ˵ΪûȤ誱˵ߴׯ裬ܼ򵥵Ķ֣
ЩҰֺ˵ģÿҳȥѧʲôᱳңҰַȻ֮ô졣
ҴСûܵһԸĸѹܾԼҪʲôͿԵõȤģҲҡʵָϤĹ۲Ľϻ˺ܶѪķʽ
ſԵĻ֣ׯһǰһһת衣
㸸ĸ˵İԺ˵һЩѧϰ˳һҸ
ǲǶҽͯˣЦ˵ܿģׯԸ˵໰ˣһֱĬֻ˵
ҺĽͯ꣬ǲ㽻
Ϊʲôͷʡ
Ϊҵ̫ͯˣҲһֵͯꡣȥڵ㣬ңЩֶңҺˡ
ҾĲ첻Ҳ
һůҲۣׯ֣ḧ˸ĺ󱳣ţҰҵĿֶ㡣Ժ֡
ллҵҺܸжׯǻ˵ķԼ˺ฺܶ࣬ܶ뷨Ѿ誹Ҹˡ
Ϊһ滺Ļ˵ҲԲ˵ʲô롣вõ뷨˵ҲϰߣȻҸһǳȻ͸
ǳϸġ
һ˶裬죬żǡʱʲô˵һŰһ׶ϲĸ衣
֪ʱúܿ죬˭û⣬ż˯Ҳ¡
˵ĻĹͬ⡣
ʱһһĺܾá
Ȼ󲿷ʱ䶼˵ܸоׯ״̬˺ܶ࣬Ը⿪˵ˣżҲ
֪ׯû״ӵͳ߳һЩ
һֱʮ㣬課žˣ˯Ҳ̫
ǣ¥ط˯
ǵׯ˯ţ課Ÿ˯
Ŵɫ˯еȻüְۣƽ
һ˵йôѵĹȥʲôھźȻĶԴ磿
벻ףûϵĿǰֻ
***
ʱ򣬷ûˣԡҴˮŵƿæЬûٳ嵽ԡſڣš
͸ſϴ裬ֿˡ
ׯ̽ͷδɫҰ׵誣֪ղűŵˣԡ߹ȥŵ˱ڻõģҲɵµģں˺ܶ࣬ٸһʱ䡣
š誱ۣӦ
ׯԴԣȥ˯һᡣȥͣ˽𴲡
֪˯źŸ˯ھţȥʹ࣬ܵĥ١
˯誶ûѴʵҹʱĲǺڰһƬһܻһ㡣
ϸڣǵˡ
ۣĹ˯ˣľһ˿
ǰʵڵϴ¶ûȥ˻񾲵˯գСȥϴ衣ԭ³ȥ¥ϴ˯ᡣҲˣܡż
Ȩѡϴ裬Ҳŵˡ
㲻Ҫѹֻǲʧȥ㣬Աֵеš誻ׯ͡
֪ղıӦׯˡ˵ǽһģ໥Ӱ죬ԷãԷѹ
֪誣һԷˣҲɵ£ֻĿǰе䣬żƲס˼룬Ǳǰ˺ܶࡣׯٴα֤
áȥ˯һᡣ
º˯˻ᡣϢĲáҹͻȻѣûˣԺһ񾭣ʱ̲ҷɡ
ٴѹһ۾Ϳڴעׯ¶Цչ˫ۡ
ׯЦŸƵ󱳣
誰Դׯʵļͷ죬Դеεġ
ǲ֮ǰ̫ˣ緹˯һᡣׯһһ¸ĺס
ţáԺ˵
ϴ¥ߵׯѾ緹ϲˡ
嵰ȶСࡢϴɾѣиեĳ֭
ߵׯԱߣ÷ʢͣׯʦˡ
˵Цųͣƻýڼ͵⡣һΣ롣ԺҪׯСѿԸͬѧҫи˵İְֺһ衣
誰ׯ䣬ȻҪ棬Ц˵ԺҪǸкô죿
ĿǰڴŮرׯǳҪһһŮÿ誽׼£ԼǳĽ
ˣ͸ǮϲӡׯһȻԥ
òҵĺӡſׯͷЦ
棬淢ͣȥѡ˲Ӱ
ѡBen WhishawݵһӰ
֮ǰرϲBen Whishawȹɳ˵
ڲϲˣׯŤͷʡ
ھ͵Ʒˣҵġ˵һˡ
ţ
֮ǰҪ޸ˡӦǾ仰˲Ǳ˵ľˣرӢǣӴԺҶˡ誱˵
ʱţһء̮ķǳס
ׯЦԴ
ڳײںˣΪ˿ԱߵľһˣֲBen Whishawɵ˺ֱׯ
ׯ誣ȥ鷿һ£ܿ
誷ȥûȥһ磬۲ˣׯ˺ܶ࣬żе뷨˱֮ǰ˺ܶࡣ
˻ᣬŤͷׯ¥ݣŶ
ׯ߹ݸ򿪿
ʲô誱ʱߴһӡ
кܶһãȻǺܶྭӰĹ
ЩӰϲģԾ˹洢誾һʡ緢ù¼Ӱķʽټˡ
ׯɳϣ˫ϥϣŤͷ誣ͣЩЩӰԭӦеʱӳİ汾ݸȫ桢ḻӦBen WhishawݵĵӰ
ЩӰʱĸСʱʱʺڵӰԺţɺʵʱӳӰӹ˾רŰȫʱĵӰɹСۡ˵ӰŵѪ˲ַ˿Ը
ȻЩ򣬼۸Ҳˡׯİãƽʱռصġ
誱źӣһԾȻֶΪֻС
ΪûȤׯԴЦ˵
Ҳǣ;ӦòְáҪ˽㣬Ǳһ˵ŰѺӷһߣſϣסĲӣЩûǰ˸ľϲࡣ
ؿҪھˣҸеΣׯ̧ס誵֣Ц˵
вУ񱦲أھ˼誼ֱܸġ
áׯס誣ӵ˿ɳϣһ𿴵Ӱ
֮˶ûô˵żһЩӰڣڵӰ
Ӱ꣬ȥ͵šԭ׵һСŰ棬ᷢͳһ̣ǳɣܳɹ
誼ֱˣָ˴ţȫǴѣǳ棬Ҫ档
ʱׯֻˡ
ʾĺ룬˶Կһۣϵı
˵û£Ӱɣȥ
ׯͨ绰ᡣ
ιׯXXɳҪϵ顣
ãСʱׯȻء
绰Ҷϣ誸æϴ֣˻һ·Ǻɫ
***
ȥ³⣬調
ׯʦ£ûµġʱʱһ۸ʻˡ
ʱҪׯȥ飬áպתһЩҪٴִ̼
ţõġҾׯ˵ʱһֱ֮ǰѧķ磽Լ誸ܶҲŬ
ɳͣ誰ѳɳ̳
ׯû³誣ڳϴţҽȥҲ¡
Ҫȥ誼֡
ɳѧУˣ㲻Ҫ֡û¡ҾͳʱҴ绰ׯɿȫ˵
誵ĹϵûҲʵڲԸʱ֪ܲ棬ֵøõķʽ֪
ɳʲôֵȥĵط誼ʶԳ
ׯģյ˵ͷãҾ㡣
ׯߴıӰʧǰĹսǣſڷϣ֣Ĳѡ
ׯȥ󣬱һ䣬ɼָƺDNAׯʦҪġ
ֺģý綨İзǳȷ¼Ƶ֤ݣ򲻹Ǳ滹ԭ棬Ҫóֱӵ֤ݲС
ȻҲׯϣģҲ֤ķʽ
ǶԷ䲻ϣͲˡϣҲò֤֤Լɧš
ׯ߻δ¥±ͨ¼˵¼ȡҲѧУ¼֤·󣬵ɳׯʦͼҪԷȡϵָƺDNA֤ˡ
ʦܶҪׯֻҪ̸ȡ֤
ׯȥˡ
ׯ誷Ϣ˵ϳȥߵɳſڣͿ߹
ׯڣΨָʹġһǰܵ˵鷢֮ȫ˶ȥɳɳ֣кׯۡ
мΪѡ˶ΨĻ϶ɧˣǳߡ
Ȼû˵ǿʱֹǰΨģر¡״϶Լˡ
ׯΨؼҺʹΨһҧԼɧš
ǳ֪巢ʲô
˼ΪָʹׯһϾ
Ҳ֪㲻ˡʵ˵
½ɡׯ̻ظ
ʦȥ¾ͱߡԼٵ
ׯûٶ˵ȥߵ̳
ׯ誸æһֱעĶ
ׯһ誣ɼָƺDNAû£֮ǰʵѾˡ
֮أʣЩ⣬
Ӧþͽʦˡ
ţǾͺáǻؼҡ˵ŷ
***
Һ˼˾
һСĹ۲ׯٴζ񻯡
ׯһֱרע˾ѷͺõŷֳСӣȻη͡
ׯʦʲôʱѧƷģ誰ׯȥ
ڹѧʱвͣҲóԵĲ͹ݣԼˡƷú٣һ߿̳һԽûáׯŷŽ䷢͡
û£͵ʵ飬ʧгɹ
Ӷ˰ɣׯϴɾϵۡ
ðһЩղŵӦûׯֲ
죬˶ûûţֻ˵
鷢ѧУ쵼Ѹٴ绰Ժʿ
ׯ˵ˣұʾ߷;ѧУҲ֧֣ʾṩӦİ
һѧУӳѸ٣˽ʵ̾ڷͨ棬˵龭ʾ߷;ôҵȴԺоֹڱ󵼣ҿ̶ȼ¶ׯӰ졣
ʵǣѧУĽ棬ΨıѧУׯڵѧУׯܲˡֻҪעԼȨ˾ˣӭж⡣
˳극ׯȥ˯˻
ׯ˯ˣıյƿˡ˲٣ƽһᣬܰôฺ뷨ľ飬ӦûʲôˡҪٿ
ͿׯſЦ쿪˫ۣҡ
ׯǣ˱
ȥ鷿顣ġ
鷿ش˿ë̺ڵϣڵϣɹչԡſ顣
ׯõһʷ飬õϵѧ顣ĥԼҪӿ쿼ѯʦĲˡ
Σ˰ׯɢעķǺǷȱݵĿѧķ
ſ飬Դׯϡһᣬֻȿɴűſſٳжද֢һ
ſţȣ飬ִ˴ׯ첲ׯʦάһôãô
ۡ
ŶһԱȣҾϿζСĲѧ誷һҳ˵
ѧѧܿ߷֣˵ѧׯţͷ첲־˵
ƽʱͺùʦͬѧϲĺúѧ˵ţһһ£˵һѧУģɼǰéַȻͬѧǴĻŮǴĹ᲻ᱻ
ᡣ
Ϊ첲һ£üʡ
ôһҲ
ΪҵŮ28ġڴ֮ǰңһֱڵ֣һֱȵ28ꡣׯţ˵ƽһֻ֣עֵȻ
⣬κμ衣
誺𾪣Ҳܿġ
ƽº͵ӣϸ˽ׯĥ仰ʱǰӦûˡô£Ӧûˡ
ţ/
˻ᣬׯ飬ӵ̶סſϣ˽ǡ
þõǡ
ǰģٺɫԼɽͷһƬâȡ
ԶŨĹ԰ҷ磬֦ҶҡڣӰԼ
һǾΥɡ
ǰӵ˿뵣ǾʹƮɢ
ڸǵʱˡ
ڹȥˣڻˡٱס
ֻˡ
˺ܾãܸܵͬǰģм嶯
Ϥׯ
˻ᣬߣֵ˵ӭҵ񡣡


 51 

ܾ֮, ǶǵǸ硣鷿شĵذϳþõǡ
ʼſׯϣڵ̺ϡׯһ㣬ϸܵǡ
͸ش, ͶڵϵӰӽһ
˶ãõ˶ʱ䣬ֻһֱеעڶԷϡ
ʼֻǵ, ģڵ鱻
誷Ӧʱ/, ֪ãǰע, ֻԽԽȡ
յ绮Ƥ, Ƥ, 䡣
ܸоǳģǳĶԴ, Ҫе鶼
֮󱻴һ·ϣ۷ķ羰
һȥһþ, ийٶᣬܸܵһǿӲ
ԭƤʼȾϼ糺죬ۺϸƤʾĳֿ֡
, ͬɫͬůͬĹֻ⴦вһķ羰顣
мһ, ֻԼǱģܸܵҵ顢Ͷ顣
˺ܾã˼ȫֻĿ, ҪУҪŷɡ
ܶκܶεĿֱ̫̫֡ˡһֱָݽ˺
ͬˮ̳˽һ
ʱһĨɫϼߵضƲ档컵õɫ֮ǰӵʹɢ
һ𣬺ܾû˵ǧﶼڸղŵжб쾡¡
õܣΪһŮܵп֡
ǵߣ˻Ըелл㡣
еԣ֡
һΣͬκһΡ
Ǿһμѵʱ
***
ٴڴϣ˯ǰֻǵ鷿ĵ̺ϣţиһֱ
ڸõߵ˺ܶ黰ǳԡᵫֲ¶ǵĻû˵ģҲӲ֪ĸܺͰĶ㡣һֱ˯ȥ
ûˣǲ֮ǰæȥѰҡһΣˡ
·ţŵһŨܰ㡣
ԭȥ鷿˵ģڱŵζȥ¥¡
Ȼ˴źڳڳæµˡ
ЦżӿŲ˳סæµˣЦʣׯʦ㲻𣿡
ۡأ˯ôׯʡ
ǳãˬԳһͷţ
⻹ҪһᣬһӦúˣȺׯ϶ϡ
ðȥʢЦеػء
ȥţʢׯͣڴ򷢵͡
áӵɿߵ£Цųˣ뿪һ롣
˻ᣬׯ˵ǰ
調ڼĵֱô֪ϲ
֮ǰȥ꣬һΡ˵ҩģҩζأ㳢ׯӺͿӵݹȥ
ҨһӣСĴ˴£ȷʵһҩĵ㣬ܽ壬ӣĴָúȣҪһ룡
˵ſʼͷ
ȣС̣кܶࡣ
š調һͷ
課ͣЪغһͨ͸ڵⶼ㡣
Ȼֵֻܵסĺ󱳣ׯʦͻݡĲ𣿡
֮ǰ˶ʱ˺ູܶεˡ
ۣ˶һ£ׯء
ǰʵסղǳ˶ȷʵ˺ܶࡣ
ŶôϺڳˣڼԴ·誳󱳵·ʡοæµҲ㡣
ϲҾʹׯػأ׼Ĳϡ
誾ԼȿĵζҪ𣬱ǰˣԴϲ˲䡣
ÿģðġϲĻˡ
ׯ誻
šôˣ
û£뺰֡
誱һûţӦûûã㵣ˡˣôá㣬Ҷòׯ˵
ԼǿŹġȻǵչˣûŮ̶ֳȡ
誴ԭأſڣղŽʲôղֻǰ־סˡ
ôˣϲƺׯ׼öֶסԺҪһܵĳƺһֻĸо
鷿ʱйҡҾúܺáղôңһе㲻Ӧ誰ͷ󱳽͡
㸸ƽʱô㣿ׯ֪ʱƽʱôƺ誣Ƕһ
ҰƽʱС誡ǰñʱ꾭СôżẰһ֣誡бôƺġ
رƫ𣿡ׯʡ
ûͦõģŶӦԸһƽʱҲһôСˣյĺ誡ˣ誱СǰǺ誰ɡЩܵĳƺ˽ദʱá
á
ׯҲҪ磬ֻҪ㡣誽ŸղŵĻģ£ԺǷޣⱲӻкö·ҪһߣⲻʲôߣԺߵĸȡ
ҪһЩ۵ģڵľΪԺܸྭ飬߸Զ·
һ㣬調úסͻֻߵ˲ڡ
áߡ
Ŷˣ˵ƺ⣬ԺͽׯʦׯˣҲôϹ֮ĳƺ㡣課䡣
ׯƺˣׯЦʡ
ᣬʱá
ʲôʱ򣿡
㡣課Ųᱻȥʱֹ⡣
㲻ߣҲ֪ׯûжϻ⡣
ĬĬط˸ۣв˵
鷿ʱȷʵʱĥУֱ̧ʵ
һֱã誶ׯʵϲһʱ˵ʱʲôҲ˵Ǻܰģƽĸо
һµ⣬ûźܶǡׯһڲݸ誡
Ҳ̫ϲģźܶǶԵġϲ̵ؽӹ⣬һڣׯȫ𣿣úóԣУҪ飡ҲҪԣ
֣ﶼոպá
֮ңԺҪׯ⡣ֳһ˵
ѧԺ֮˵ġׯְ̧ճŵͷ˳
誵ͷѾˣûټͷٴ
̫ðɣˣͻ˵סļҽ̲̫ԡǡ
취֡ׯЦŻء
вУһҪҽ涼ͣǲ¶¿ҪѪ˵
ã֮⡣ԺҪ㻨ˡĿ϶ĺáׯѾ誵ļҽͶˡ
û£ҾڻǸӣҳˣٿ¡ׯʦׯҪúõȵˡ˵ţ˿鵰ݵׯߣ졣
˾վڳһ죬һ߳ԣҲûҪȥʱضҲⳡϡ
ǳĵ״̬
군⣬ֺԼʮꡣ֮Ǵ
ڿɳϣӵſӰԼӣĲܷԼԣ϶ɴӡ
û£֮˶ׯء
ҪҺѧ800ܲԣҶѪˣӺﶼһѪζˡü䡣
ׯ£֪ãû뵽ôԺһ
ӰеʵĵطʶŶ
ʵϣ´ׯʱ취ĳȥĳ˱ͷӡڲˣѾ˶ˡ
Ӱȥ˯һ˯öܰȣر誣ҹͻȻѣ˯õһ
***
ڶ˶ˬ֮ǰһɨա
Թׯ緹˿ʼ£طϵ֮ȷ˺жϸĹ˶еĹʶ
ǼºɴҪϵĵطʱȥϾͺáׯûˣҲЩˡϾûŵʱǿ
͹ع졣
ׯûƱȥ鷿
ȥ鷿ϴǲӰû꣬ȿꡣקׯ֣󣬲鲻Ըظ¥񱻸ĸǿȥѧУֳ
ׯղصԭӰУ԰ΡʲôȤ
鷿ׯ򿪵ԣһļУȻ誰ϣԼվԱߡ
誴ɻشļʮĵһһ򿪣ſ˿ţ˼ӡ
ȻŤͷʣЩʲôʱģ㲻һֱæ𣿡
ƽʱģûʱ䡣
ôֱĸоɴУ㶵ػء
ô롣֪ԼҲֻҪʱ䡣ׯ/˫۳أ誻ǰ
֮ǰҪĿһ͵вѧ飬Ǿ۽ڵⷽġȿ˽ڵ״ֿռݷ¡ͬڣҲñѧУɨسţøֿ調ĵ˵
£һֱûʱȥûⷽоܶණҲ̫Ҫѧϰĵطܶࡣܼ֣Ŀǰ޴֡
ׯЩ϶ǳãʾˣгı׼ɼݵעԼͬҽƻĳЩҽԺӦҪˣЩҪռЩݣ֮˵õȵȣгˡ
һĹƻص׼ʱֻҪЩʾصϽҽԺظˣ鷳Ǹ˹ͨռ
ҹݲɼҪע⣬ׯҲгˡ
ղ˵ûʱ䣬ʵҪѵʱ϶١Щ漰ķǳ࣬ҵо˲֪Щġ
ԼȥŪ϶©Ϳǲܵĵط
ֻſһ飬Ťͷʣׯʦƽʱ˯𣿡
ʱЩѧУһֱʵæӰൽ󻹼
ׯȻڣԺ˯Ҳôˡ
ţ㲻Ҫôࡣ˵§סĲӣס
ҿЩķǳģһ뵽㻨˺ܶʱ䣬˺ܶ˯ʱ䣬ֺۡԺҪôѹեԼԼĹһ취ϵѹԼ¡誽˵
Ƶׯô֪ҪЩû۹⡣ʼôʱ򣬻ׯ᲻ͬ⣬ϾҪæǸʱǻֻͬ¡
Ҳׯ֮ǰƵĿзḻľ顣
ѵǻûһʱ֪ĹͬͿʼ취ˣȻôϣڷæĹгһʱɵġׯӦǴ֪ҪĿͿʼﱸˡ
ĬĬظϲӲԼ˶ľ⡣
෴ܣÿ赭д·Щ¶˵׾һ֪϶
ԺһֱһȻ֮ǰ˵ϲʵ飬һϣʱ㡣ׯԼôĿģ誰ʱɹͬ
֮ǰ˵ϲǲ֪ʵʵҲܺãһΪĳĿܶĸоܲ㾭ҾϲҲᷳġʵ
ʱһЩֺԭ򣬵ĵĳ˳ֵʱЩ
ţĹͬ;⣬겻Ҳõġ֮Գ󣬶һ£Ҳܺáׯ誵Դǰ
˵һ̸Ժȥ·⣬ҲҪͬԵ⡣
誱ۣ˼˻ᣬ˵ǵϴθʦ˵֮ǰƻȥһΪͬʦá 
ǵã˵¾ûȥˡûȥǾʹˡҪعҪȥܾܿˡׯϴµʱôһ¡
ţԭ׼ҪȥġҰֳ˵⡣Щ˵
ʲô⣿ׯʡ
Ұ׼ȥ׷衣ƻҳ󣬾ͽԼ̫ˣֲȥˡ誼̵˵
課䣬ʱӵҽԺ绰ֱӴˡһ·޻ȥȻҲҪˣҪڹšϴ󡱡
ׯһ£Դûˣ㸸Ӧֻһʱ벻㲻ܵġ
ʱºһ¶û˵һ仰ֻҪһ㲻ľֱӸ˵֪ҪҴִŻǮҪ֪һû취ԼҪ誰ͷׯۣͳ˵
誵һ˵Щʱ궼Щ¡
˻ᣬׯ˵ȥ
ׯЩµýһ˵˼ά뵽ĸ課һ
ʹ˴ס˽֮󣬺ٿô
ׯ˰ӹϣڻһᣬоƽˣڣ֮æȰЩһ£ʱ˳һЩ
ҪһЩ·ɢעڲõĻ
ãҡЩҶ̫誻ء
鷿ׯЩļʵׯ誽֮Ĳ̣Щļעȵȣܷӡ
Сʱꡣ誾ԼԺҪѧϰĶʵ̫ˣͻȻһʲôҲѧĸоˣ;ûоͷƵġ
ׯʦԺܲΪȫְ̫̫ؿαʡ
ôԣҲׯӲҪ誱Ҫʲô֮ǰڣԺôҲԼľزܡ
˻ᣬУ֮ǰ˵˶ʼڲŻֵҳΪȫְ̫̫ûˡ̫¡
ǼЪԵ뷢ͷһ˵ͱԼˡ
ׯҲ֪㣬û˵˸⣬֮һ鷿ķ칫װһ鷿
ûԥҡͷװ鷿
ţǵȻῴҪʲô鷿㲼á
ԥһᣬ˵ǸʵҲ򡣡
ţͬһ᲻е㼷Իһׯ֮ľ롣
У̫֮󻻴һһ칫
һᣬ誾¶ԼıʣҿׯһǣӲͷƤ˵Ǹׯܲ˽ҡ
ţ˽ʲôׯɻ
򲻵ѣҲѹԸӰ࣬ҲҰѹѧϰֵúܿͷɵĵط誹˵
誼˺ܶҲһֱôġȻׯ˵һ֡ѧĸоαװԼǿԼ
ׯ˼һᣬͷá㰴ԼϲķʽԺҲڼҹʱ䡣
ãڼҹģҲ㡣誻ء
ׯҲ֧֡ÿ˵ϰ߲һΪԷѾҪһ
ׯ۵ͷα˼˻ᣬڡ
ǣղˣ֮ǰûĸǻһġȻûۣʵ̫áǽʱ䲻ࡣԺ˺ӣҪǣܻһҲòӹмʱĸоʵǸʱԭġ
Щȷʵ֮ǰûǹġһ˵ʱʱôǹԲֹ
ⷬԺʱ佻ûкܶʱ誣áȻÿ춼ܼ棬ǲ顣ٲǸ顣
ЩرģԻϾԺһˡ
ЦŤͷֱׯ۾ˣ֡ѧǲҪһѧԡˮˣҲûиС
ܾϲʵóʡҷʡܸı䣬ĸԸĸı䡣
ǣ֪ӦкܶǻֵۣѧϰׯŤͷء
Խ˽ԽŮкܶѧһ͸ۺһ׼Ծ˵ϲڵΪԼݲȡȻԵãпᵫǿġ
ҪдԼ֮ļׯ飬˵ְԼϡ˺޲ʱһ
֣誰Դׯ˲䡣
磬ÿԼһΡһҪڼǱȥģʽԼᡣׯ뵽һ˵
誰ԴׯһģҪдҪд̫ˣҪһʽСȻӹŹſܾûζˡ
˵˸߲ҵׯϣŤϿʼڵϴ֡
дʣûأ費Ҫеͷʩ
Ҫһ˵ԭûɣǾ͵òׯҲʼȤ⡣
ʲô誶ŵԣߴֱʡ
/ׯһȻ³֡
誵˲ˣֻһѪӽŵ׳嵽ǣֵֶס
򲻳
Ҫһֳͷʩ˸
֡ׯ֡
ǻǲдˡҪǱ˿Ǿ̫ˡ
˿
ԺׯοأҪڱġ˸ղļʱµĹء
Ҳ£ġøһЩ֪ʶׯһȻ
ˣ˿ֻ֣
ʱׯСܵļҽ̣ȫˣѸγһԼۡ
誴֡
ܼׯס誵ʡ
٣ӹöûܼĸˡ
ա
ûԼᣬҪдʩׯһ˵
ǴӽͿʼִ𣿲ܴ쿪ʼ𣿡誷ӦԼܱ·ˡ
䣬˾ͱϡ
ܿʷĻûǩָµġԼһ¡
лҪ˵ׯڣлҪ˵
ߣ˵
ׯڣԼһ¡ʷ챻ִеģǲʾĳܿ졣
ߣȿȣбҪɷһ誡
誣˯cue

ֱˣĵͷͺĿǰֻҴպϿ

 52 

ǰһ, ׯ誳ȥ֮֡ǰ춼ڼóȥ͸͸ûֵ誣Ѫƴ
, û·Կ˺ܶƷ˺ܶȹӡ
֮һ¶ڸгɣһȹһʡ
࣬мԻϢ졣ǼҲȥطȼ١ׯźü
мϢļ, Ҫһһ˼ң˵
áׯܿģ֮ǰڴΪ뿴ʲôĸ׿Խ̳ŮЩҪ
ׯʦ, ĸ㲻ҪѹҰֺܺ, ΪġһȹǰȻ, Ц˵
ѹΪҲӦõġŮ, ҿ϶׷Ź󡣡ׯһȻ
ŤͷһᣬҲû˵ʲô, Ǻö֮ˡ
ׯ˺ܶ๺󲿷ֶ·ЬӡȻûǸ·
ʱ誹װ, ʵģׯȥ·Ҳȥԡ
ׯȫ, ԹԣҲûЩ̳Ҹطֻһֱһʱʱ
誺ׯ۹, ³·ʸС
ׯı֣൱⣬ϲ̵˵, ôָСεĸо
ְְˢ๺ׯأ誵Ľɫݡ
ЦŤͷǣǽְ֡
ƺְȥ̫һ̫ࡣׯί
Ŷ˳ӵ˵
˽һ֪Ůװ꣬誽ȥ·óʱ򣬿ŮΧׯׯûʲô飬Ůĺߡ
תת÷ǳ˵ɵҿ·ÿ𣿡
ׯϤеĹȫӵˣۣĬĬƿƤͶȥһζް
誻صһۣη壬״գգۣȻׯߵŮһģǸҸɵҪϵʽ𣿿ԸǰҸɵɺˣǮ˧
漴誻һתأΨһȱܾŮеࡣҪǲĻأŶӡƵŵ250ˡ
Ů꣬סæͷֿ첽뿪ˡ
誡
ׯҧгݵغ֣֪ˡ
ǰڽЦȻֻҪܰ㵲һҿԲۡ֡ΡȻ㲹֣硣
˵ׯ飬ȻתԱ˵Ǽ鷳Ұղ׼ģ붼
ķԱĿɿڴֹ鸴ӡȵׯȥˢʱ򣬷Ա̻ϲõЦݡ
ׯױĥûƢ
˵꣬ׯ誣һҪһ͡ı顣
誺̲裬ӦԣׯʦҸղݼô
㻹ûȥϷѧԺ
ŶǾǻҪ´λʺҵĽɫ˼
ҪʲôܲȷҵĽɫׯ
ղŵĸɵ͸綼Щʲô
ã´ξݵܵܰɡȲԵʹ󣬻С̹ĸоںСͦá˵
ׯ
˻ᣬׯѹŲһֻϣڳһֻ֣誵ǰͷ֣ע۾׵˵ȻϲЩҶġ
ֻ˵⻰ʱİζԼǿҵľ档
誼ӲëȻ
군οˣˡ
誶£̲裬ѵس˳ǣӲػ˾䣬ׯڣ˰ȡ
ˡ
誣
誾͹ԹԵĸ첲䣬Ժû˵˳ë˺þòŻϵһĨЦ
﷭ۡ
˰Ѻ壡
ʵ׷᳡
һֱŰ˺ã誾ƣߣľƣ
װ˳ĺ䡣
***
ʱ򲻾ã֮۵
ڸʻһĺڣѽǸӦģиʽģظˡ
Ҳ˵ǲ࣬ǾǲһǮСׯīתŷ̵˵
ȹĺе࣬ҵ¹ƶҪŲˡԽԽý̫ˡʱе㱨ѵ̬
óһװ޳ñ䡣ׯĥװ޵¡
֮ҪȥЩҪ죬Գʱװޡ
һô졣
ڿȥԷ·ϽӵǮĵ绰ڸʻ誻ׯĵ绰ᡣ
ιׯģ˸֣誹μӰǮڳ
ׯһۣͷ˵ѵַң͹ȥ
ϣżҶڸϹ·ϡǮ˵
ׯǮ͵͵ˡ誻Ϣ˵֮Ҫȥس
ǮĥҪ֣˵ǴҾ۾ۣġһׯֻǮ֪û֪
ׯ誵ʱѾ˺ܶˡ󲿷ֶϴοѡ
ǣֳֵʱ򣬴ҶЦַǳƺгķΧ
еŪЩ˼صͷϴȥݿֻеļλ
ȷϵ󣬵һθʽ档
ׯҲǵ˼ˣս誵֣һעǵѣЦ˵ҽһ£誣Ůѡ鷳Ժչˡ
ȫƣһ誾͸ˣˡûϵׯô顣
ׯ쵽ˣס誣ߵ˵£Ҹˡ
̧ͷЦЦȻ΢кҺãׯŮѣ誡
ϴμȺˣֻׯͬ¡
ӭ誣ԺеһԱˡ
ȻȺԺʱȺкȻҲͶׯ
ӭӭǰ׳ˣ誣ׯ߷ɰ԰

ȺһЦ
誸ׯһۣҲһЦˡ
Ҷ⣬ΡơOKʩҸ棬շǳá
Цÿ϶Զ׼ĿġķΧȾС誺ϲׯЩѡ
ҪҪȥϷׯ顣
ðЦŻءβԼһһֻϷ
ǮŮߺҪϷӻһˡ
誾֣߹ȥ
ĸÿһ̨ԣ϶ʼͶϷ
ׯûκϷǮȥ˿ˡ
Ǯϸ۲һׯȷûˣģζ誡
ׯؿαǽڷƣͷšĻû˵ûŮĸָ顣
һͷˮ
Ǯ˵£ˡ
һ곯ׯ˵Ůһ˾ܰ
ЩѶʶׯ֢ӣҲչ˹ǳˡ
ׯ誵ĺ󱳣ѡλ誷ġ
ţ誷ǳáûβô߳ׯ
ʱӦһ֪ùض֢һʡ
֪Һ⡣ׯ˵Ȼϣ誸һѧУо֢
ׯ˻Ƕ˽һ誡ԺҲĻ⡣
ţܺáȻǸѧŮȻһˣôáׯջǵȵˡסׯ
˻ᣬϷǸĸ˻׷ȡ¶ף
ܵǮߣ§ĲӣһڣĵֱӮˣӮ÷ǳûӮôֱһ·֮ң
ǮһƣȥЦʣʲô𣿡
誣ȫָӣϵķǳã̫ˣ˸߲ңˡ
ׯеϣһ誣ӵס°͸ͷÿ𣿡
ڸ˵ѱһĻͫ׵ʶׯʲôʱһˣ
Ҳͻľٶ£Ϥӵƺˮζܿ㷴Ӧ˸е㺦ߣͷ󿴣ܿġأƺ𣿡
УƻǽϷׯʡ
Ϸĸ˻Ҫһ֡誸ղžڸ֮Ϸԡ
ã档ׯɿ誣˿ʳӣ߹ȥ˹޿֣ݸ誡
ЦŽӹ˼ڣɿڵĿڣһͣðݣǺܿġϷӮ˵ϲãҲб˳谮ĸˡ
ͨղׯѵ֪ǰׯġΨһõŮ
֮ȥϷ
ׯҲ
Ϸļ˵Ķʵ̫󣬲ͣĺУǵһЩվȥΧۣĻҲһţ̾Ϣ
誺þûķΧϷˣ¸ǣŰϣһ·߸ͽ
ûŶõھ
ȡ¶վתͿվ󣬱۹սׯ
Ϸʱ֪˹սΪΧ۵ûׯϾûϷӦǲϲ档
誳ЦȻһЦ¶Сݣɫ
ׯβ̣˫ۣǰһͶ뻳
ϲ֮ȥֳ羺Ϸׯ˵
ģЩƱɲ򣬶ҪƾġرǾƱ誾ϲ˵
֮ǰûţƱʵ̫࣬Ļֻ̫ۣա
а취ŪƱׯء
ۣڴÿģ㰮㣡Ц˵Ȼྱ
ֻҪϲ£˵û˵ׯ۲쵽ˣͻᾡ
ķǳó۲죬Ըϲá
ĵɣ
ûϷԹһߣׯһƣ̫ᡣ˻ᣬׯһ¹򣬲Ͷˡ
ƵĹУׯαȣǽڷչεֽƣʱʱƳʱ誵֡
Ѿϰˡ
ɢɢһµʶ
ׯ˵βţ֮ǰһֱʿŵģϵһ𣬳̻һƮݡ
ʷǳˡׯ
һߴƣһ߸죬誣´θһ򰡡ŷڻжʱҪʼˣܾʡ
ðʱǾ͹ȥ誻ػء
ʵϲׯѣҶ̹ʣ飬ദҪС
˻ᣬʱ䣬ȥڷԷ
ׯӣ£Լֱ¡
ϴӣҿˣû˵ʲôΪǽ񱡣
һٷĵس꣬ûֱϳȥڸɢ˻Ჽ
죬Ͼŵ㣬Ƚɢˣ
˾ǣ֣еʳ
㳡Ĵͣһᡣżһ¼װ޵£˶ǿˣЩܿ졣һһ˾û⣬Ͱ鶨ˡ
֮װ飬ׯѵװ޹˾ȽϷġ 
ķϰϰȹڣߴӢǣƯŵŮԳһ羰
ؼң֮һ𱼸ܶʱ⡣
ڹƽ⣬ҵñ˴˶ǳĽࡣ
***
ڶ죬ϣȥڳʱ䳤׼誵Ķռһ䡣
˻ׯ䣬˵֤ͻƱһ·϶˵ЦţȫûٳֲԹ
ΪǺͶԷһ𣬹ҲԼһʽ
˵طסԤõľƵꡣи⡣
Ϊǳʱ漰ñ⡣ͬԣû취ֻһ˫˷ֻֿܷ䷿Ȼʱܲͨ
ĽǶ䷿Ǵ󲿷ʱ˶һ䷿ȹġһǿŵġеǮò̫ã׼ϻظڷ˯ôһ¡
ׯûͬ⣬ⲿǮ֮ǮʵĲ͵Ҹ㶩˾Ƶ꣬ûס
δӦ
˷ֿȥزͬҽԺҽԺظ˹ͨʾһЩϢǣò˵֪ͬռ˵ĵʾزϡͬʱҪѿ
ǻʵزɷһЩˣæýŲմأˮ˲Ϻȼڡ
ϻصƵ꣬誻ֻڴϡ
ׯûһ˾Ƶ껹ܼ
ɳϣׯʦϢᡣ
ԵȣҰⲿִꡣׯŵԻء
Ŀܴȫܶ൥λһĿֻԺʿ߲룬кܶʵҡԺʿǸ𼸸ططʵҸ
Ҫʵһ㱨ȡ
Ϊռݣׯ誰ҪĵҲĿǰæռʱиݣͳƵĿŶȸߡ
ЩͨͬҪȻҲҪѲپ
ЩֻڰæϻؾƵ
˻ᣬߵׯ󣬻סȳҵܺò١ÿߵ·ˡȶҪ߶ˡ
Ȼݽšׯ˵꣬һ¡
깤˯źȥһˡҲˣׯڴͷűǩֽ
¥ȥ˱꣬˵㶫
׼ߣӵһ绰룬ɫһȴ
Ĺɷȫˣͷżɽ
ǡҲҪЩˡׯػء죬յǮϢ˵ѹɷݶˡ
ʲôΪûܹܵ㣿ͷ΢ŭ
µĹɷоȨ
ģһˣЩ¸˵ׯͷ˵
أزȥµ绰˵ׯѾԤеʲôˡ
ϼŵǧ㣬֮ȷ
Ҳׯһ䵫
ɲ㣡ׯϻ켣̳꣬У˵һ
ֻҪҲׯҵˣûõļֵˡһʦ鷳ʱһ¡ׯ֮ǰѾ鷳Ǯʦˡ
һֱڱƽʱҲûµĽ
Ҫׯңׯŭ
ǡׯá
붼룡
ׯȵĽͷֻƽ
˻ᣬׯѿڣ֣ô꣬ûʲô¡ҾһߡҰõλú͵λһûʲô˵ġеõǮ֮Ķôôҵģִҵĺ뱲ӣҾֻׯҡҲһƺ
ʱ꣬ׯԼ˵Ļѹеǧ֣ƽ͡󡣵Ȼûʲôϣ
绰ͷĬ˺ܾá
ׯ˻ᣬû£ȹˡ
ʲôʱ̸̸ׯ̧̫ѨŻͷ۲ѡӣĺܸӡ
ǼǰǲҵĹߡҲ̤Ǹһׯȡ
ֻͣûǱԭͥǼ׵¡
Ҷϵ绰磽һ飬Ƶꡣ
¥ˢţˡ
Ұ׵һţüͷšæǰǲǶۣ
š誵˵ͷ˯˻ᣬòԾѰݷá
ֹҩˮȵǽ衣ׯеĹ˵
ղųȥЩˣʡ
š¡
ҹȻܳԱġϸ³̫ܣڹȻõӦˡɳŶ˵
ׯ֮ǰܵʱϵˣԣû˵ʲô
Ժ΢һ£ôࡣׯֹҩˮݸ誡
ţĩȥҽԺҾھƵˡ
ã㡣ׯæˮ
調ǰæµˣůׯʦúáǵñҶ
ⲻӦô
誺Ⱥǽ裬ϴ˯
һ˯òȣþʹܡǲʲôʱһ˫ȵĴָůӡ
Ȼ岻鲻̫ãһĻǳůǳġ
ĵţׯģԷҹȥ䡣ͬʱ߲Ӱ˯ߡ
課ţ˵˯գ̧ͷһ£ô


 53 

Ϊ岻ھƵһ, ûš
ڼ䣬ׯһšûţһ߰칫, ݡ
һֱ課ź˵㣬һ, ûأûͷһ, Ҳûʳ
ׯϵĹ, ˼˻, ˵ȥһ, ܿ
ΪҪȥͣû˵ʲô, ڴϣϷӰ
ŰСʱ, űƿ
誴ӴΪҪӭӵǸʳׯһ綯峵
Ҫ誵ɴۡ
ǳȥ, ·ȥСԽֹ䡣ׯ˵
ȫûϵ
Ҫǽ첻ȥ֮ȥҲСšׯѻ峵ڷſڣ򴲱ߡ
ץץҵͷ, 룬ǵȻȥȥϿ϶˯ˡҳȥ͸͸, ܻá
ׯͷߵ輸߰ѵļݡ
´ȥϴ·˸ױôҲԼᣬҪģ
Сʱʰãǣֳš
˾Ƶţ誾Ȳվڻ峵ϣһ¡û֮ǰֻڽϿʹֵ綯峵ȥͦġ
𣿡ָŲĵ綯峵ʡ
ܣû⡣վȥׯ̧̧°͡
ӵվȥׯһֻŲȥŷ֣ǰ㹻ȫУȻ󷢶һ·ȥ
տ誾Цֱú棡Ҫһᣡ
á
ǰеĹУԶԶȥվŵƽơ˵ߺͳ඼ۣһ·˲·˵עӡ
ߵ㣬̫ѾɽһЩٺɫ⣬ӳһգѤá
峵ǰʱ磬ȻһЩȣ¶ȵķ˵ʣкһӣᾡһɨ˺ܶࡣ
֮ǰǵͷԣ˺ܶࡣ
ׯĻһ˫۲ͣΧгһܣȥҽԺ·͸·ķ羰ûʵ
ʳͳθ߷壬ֵ˺ܶࡣһƣˣ˸߲ҺѵˣĸǣŹ·ıŴСѡ͸̵ܱ꣬ȻĻ꣬ʱеʱװꡣ
˼̻ˡ
誾һ·ȥһºһɨ״̬
Ťͷͷׯ˵ҪȥԶ
쵽ˡׯרעŻ峵ʱֵ˶࣬ǻкܶ綯û̫졣
֪·־Ҳʱ䡣
˻ᣬ誵鳹׿кö˵Ļȫû뵽¡֮ǰҲΪׯЩ
ڿû˵
СԽ֣һ֣ǰڷŵľĸС̯࣬ƣ˱ǣ˷ĽкЦ
ʳŻЦÿһˡ
ԶԶŵտ̵ȸСԵζ
ͣ£Ȳȥ
ׯۼֿ죬һѣ㣬ʱ䡣
ô߶ȣ˵šصشƽЬ
ҪԿͿׯʦʲô԰һ˫۾ֱæУͬʱƻöӡ
ͬġׯ̻ش
ϰ壬㣬˸߲ҵóֻɨά븶Ǯ
ׯ誣ûŸǮľͺá
տУתֻסׯͷЦ˵ׯҶԽŲܸ⣬ô뵽ȥ򻬰峵İ
һܣ̫·ֲ϶·Ҳڴһ죬ԽԽû񡣡ׯָ̧ͣ紵ҵͷ
ڽţׯ㣡ΪŮĳģҸ
ׯǣ˸誺ס
ᵽʵĺôˡЦ˵
γǸׯһ᲻Ҫ˵Ϊһˣܿܶ۵ʱҲǿŷݣʵΪһ˵ħ
ǰҸСģƵŴ⡣ׯȻأһ˿Թ
Դϴι֣áɵ͡硱ƺͶ֮ڻ
誳˻ǰˣĺ󾢿󣬲һ£ˡ
ʲô
ʱϴηֺ˸ѣ22ձҵĴѧ˵ˣִÿѺʱÿĵĲСȳȥȥѡ誻ء
ҡׯİ
ȺʱѴ꣬갡һǸ᲻ᱻԱϾСⰡ϶ׯ첻ܰôԾ޼ɵʹ
Աʲôࡢ߻㿪ĵׯΣüʡŪԼ䣬һֱڽûԼ
Ҳʱ򿴿֪ˡҴȥҲڵСⶼʲôġ˵ţɿׯתӹϰݹտȻһݸׯ
ׯʦˡûһԼСĵܵܡÿһܺã ʿɶֹ
ׯĬĬӹտ
ǵüźš
䣬޻ǵģԥ˺ܾãʱʱȥջûȥ
һ̣תͿׯһ޻ǹԲҡ
á課ЦŽӹ
ղûΪ޻Ƕ˵еֻ볢ô޻ǳԼھӵ̫ãԥ֮û
ĺܶԺǲҪˣЦ⣬Ժ󶼲ᡣ
СԽ֣䣬ԣ誰ԼԵĶ˸飬ʵ̫ˣЩ볢ԵɫСԣʵûռװˡ
ǻҪһܣ֮ʱׯ˵
á
һֱ䵽Ͼŵ㡣˳СԽ֣ûֱϻ峵ؾƵꡣ
۲ۣҪڸһᣬʳׯ顣
ãһСɣҵеס
ׯܣȥһֱ߳ϡº󣬰ȷԼϥϣĦס
·˲ͣͶһǡ
·һС˵㿴˼ѡѧŵ㡣
˵Ϲءء
ϹˣƭˣŲôСźšŮƶ˵
ׯҲζԻˣ̧ͷЦע
ׯʦҲô飬ҰЩܹˣٿǡ֧ڳοϣƳͷɢ˵
ģҲ
Ӧûǲһ
ׯû˵ǹģǼŵͱϾǵġ
ׯŻ峵һ֣һ߻ؾƵꡣ
Եе࣬˻·ϴ誺ܿ˯ˡ
ׯæ˻ᣬϴ§˯ˣһߡ
***
һܣڸҽԺдʣҽԺһġⲿ֣˾͵ͣһСҲصĻȷʱ䣬һðռƻִУȻܾͶˣ°ʱ䡣
ǰһô
誣ȥġ
ҹȥȥҽԺׯûͬ⣬֪誵ͼ
Ҫȥһûȥȥ誼֡
ׯĬһᣬ첲ϥͷŤͷˣ誱ȥȥ˿ܻӰõҼĲ˻ḴЩ̼о飬Ӧԡ
ˣ誻ǵģЩ²ʱ̶ƿУסׯĸ첲ͷͷ˵һҵģȥҲܳܣ֮طľľȥ֮ҲҽԺ
Щ֮֡ǰ״е¡ׯһֱĬĬΪ˺ܶ£ܷȥĴ̼
ĵĲ˳ɷֺܸӣ֢о֢֢֢֢ȣЩб
ׯһû˵ں
誸һʱ˼
Ӻվ࣬ׯڣͬ£Ǻߣ¡ĹӦþ䣬˭ȥͿȥΪͬ£֪й֮󣬻ȥĳϣҾͲǺϸĺߡ
ԭŵׯֱ̧ͷǰվŵˣֹտڣãȥһҪעⰲȫ˵ദⲿֲõǵĲϣҪԵѪҺָ꣬ҽԺĹƷԣ㲻ùܡ
֪֣صͷ
***
ڶ죬ȥġ
˵طݵԼõİ칫ңŴ򿪣誾е¡Ϊȥſһŵդ
绰֮ǰϵĸˣԷ˵͹
誸դĲˣ𾪡
һֱ㶵أ۾һգգŹԣһŭ󱳷ûӴĲˣҲû
誵ͷܿ˵
ø֣άļʱդˣȥ칫ҡ
誻ܸоһ˫۾ɭɭضһֱղŵ֧Ŀ־壬Ȼϸ˵
Ŭƽһ飬ʼ
칫Žգ⴫󰧺ͺ˺ѷεľ
칫ҵʮԸ֣ά߲ߣڰ칫Ϻ˿ڲ裬ҡҡͷ
죬ĻйҪܴ﹤ˣ
ѧҵˣ20ˡ֣άء
誵˵ͷĿҪ鷳ˡЩĿ¼ҪϡпյĻҸһ£
˵ĲϣûȨ޲ģֻĹԱҪЩݽռܺ󷢸ǡ
֣ά²豭ǵ񣬹ҵĿϡ﹤ôã֪ЩԾ˵ת䡣ϣԺܸá
ڰ칫ۡ
۵ĲʱͻȻ󺰣֣Σ
誾ˣ֣ά¡ֳ̫Σ򶨵ʦڰ칫ҡóȥȥ
誵ͷ
֣άȥ󣬰ŴϡһĻš
ĶСŲ˿ŭ첻´ʣǶ
ҽԱ
Լס֣
򶨼Сԣ˽䣬Ҫ
ֹ׹Ѽȳƹ

ڷⲽκ¡ֳĹԱٵճҲ˾ĳ
ȫ磬Ǵ⡣ǶᣬԵͥҲǳصĸѹ
ǳ޴룬˾ɥ֡
誵ͷ˼Ժоʵãԡ
ͻȻűˣתֲ֣ά
֮ǰڵ￴ǸĿֵĲˡ
һ£ά˱򶨣º͵ؿڣ֣ҽ档
ʲôû˵֮ǰֱ
ȻŲˣⲻͣɨ칫ң˲ܿأҪô
߹ά΢Цɫ˵ķ򣬾űߣ˱һȫ롣
˲ƣͼ˵ҿ԰æĵط𣿡
ûõӦ
ͻȻӿŲ߹ȥһ¾ͻˣ׼űܣǲٶȸ죬һ˹ȥһֳסͷһֻסĲӣǽơ
һ±ѹס
ðỨƴȫƲˣǶԷǿԣһ
ֻź֣ҽ
ϣŽ
ûٶסĲӡ
ƴԼ侲ģȻӿҪˡ
֪˶ãⰲֻϣ֣άдϣ
ܱѹסѣϢͷԻǣֽŷ飬Լٵ֮᲻ܿصˢˢ
ʱͻȻɿ֣˳ǽȥڵϣŲӣںɹ¡
ȱ㣬ƴҵһ֪
ʱ֣άƿŽɨһۣô¡
﹤ô֪꣬ػº͵˵СزȥС¸ղŻ¡
֣άʩħ˵ͷűȥȫûٿǽǵһۣ·ղŲһ
˳ȥ֣άţߵǽǣ誷ôղʲôˣ
誺۵û˵ָָ̧Լӡ
֣άۣ課һƬԵϺɫӡǣһ¡
ȥԱߵۺҽԺ飬ϣû˵ܺʳ
誵ͷ絶ǣرܣرֻۣñӿСȵĺ
֣άҽԺк߿ͨȥƼ顣
ƤһЩˣܺʳ֯һЩˡþ׵û⣬Ȼ͵Ϲ̶豸ˡ
Ϊ誳ȥ󲻱·עӣҽһ²ӣɴ
û󰭣ԷͺҪСһ㡣
誵ͷлл
˵Դ˻ơ
֣άھΣҵʱȥӦŵġ
誰֣Ƕûϵģֲ˭ǸôҲǲƵġⲢˡ
Ĺ誼򵥸֣άһ£Է֤ᰴļʱɡ
誴򳵻ؾƵꡣ
·ϣׯ绰ûӡ
ȵ绰ԶҶϣ誸Ϣֻ˵Լ飬ڻؾƵ·ϡ
ׯģѾҴˣ˵
Ŵⲻͣ˵Ľ־ܱܣͬʱ²ѡһΪղԼ£һΪھһš
һȺǲǵоֹܿƣԼڱܼ尾ʱҲĵ
Ⱳпܶû⡣
ܾɥܵ䣬Ҳ۵˶겻ѡ
иǵȻôׯ˵¡´ȥУľģׯ϶ȥˡȥ˻᲻ٴα⣿
£᲻ׯ
֧ڳϣ̫Ѩô졣
ͷ۲ѡ
ؾƵ꣬ɳţϢƽ
Сʱűˢ
ɫ񾪾壬ŵԭصɫϾׯ
誳˳߹ȥס󱳣С˵ģû£һСˣһһ£Ϣͺˡ
˻ơ´ܺ
ׯˣûʣ課ϵɴܲµˡ
Ĳӡ
ׯ¹ۿ΢ȣ뷢ʲô룬㲻˵˵
˵ͷ
Ժĵطһȥׯ֪Ҳһȥġرǽ컹¡ϣЭ
Ҳģһûšõҵׯ˵誵ĵһ£
ҶƽϡҲҶԷˡׯΪ誵ĵĵ¡
ȻսȭͷҵԷѶԷᡣ
ûã÷һȥ֪㲻ھΣʵֻûôࡣ£ҴˡԲ𡣡ׯƽ͵˵۵Ҫ
Сһһиȫ誽Եʲô
ҡͷɤС˵⡣
ׯۣѹз
úׯ˵Ժûˡ
ׯǣɳ£⿪ϵɴƬѾϵպۣ޳쾱˺۷ǳĿġ
ⲻǱһ£һ²ôصࡣ
ʱľֻ˶೤ʱԼģ˻ܲˣǵһʱ˵Ƿ
ҪôµġҪΪôࡣʱϣޣֵ֣ԽԽá
ûС
ܳʱ䣬ׯϥϣû˵
ĥ͸ׯ̫Ծƽʱһ
ӲӵȵķĻۡϿձһţѹ֡
ׯ
ׯˣ誣̸̸


 54 

ׯ, 誣̸̸
ׯׯԼܾûʹùĳƺһͷˮ, ؿ
㲻˵˵˵ĲԵĵط, ҡͷׯ˵
ǵص˵ͷ
Ƶ鷢ϼңһʱǲǸ㸸״ޣׯʡ
룬ͷһ򲻶ԡϴ, ġ˾˵װסҲܷûô˼ɡ
ûеһʱ, ûҿ, ǲǲҵģұŵҿƲԼʵ˵, ʵ뷨ׯʡ
γĬʱ䳤˵㣬ׯ˵, һ⼸СʱԼı仯ԼĿǰﻹдһЩѹɥ
˵ͷ
鷢, ȷʵǳ£ޣϴ绰ׯ, ϹȥǺܿͷΪġ
ׯ誵ͷ, ӣ΢ͷζӳ£һֺĸо
ׯ, ס֣С˵⡣
ׯŤͷס֣䣬ۣĬ˻ᣬڡ
ദ⡣Ϊҵ⣬㲻ǰ¶Լرǻءʱ㲻ҵһʱҷйôҲġ
⻰˵ĺܳأݻ
ûϡ
誣ⲻǽദʽׯ֣صܽᡣ
ЩƣϽ
㲻ֳֻܱģġʹࡢӦöֱӱֳһζѹԼֻΪҲģ㲻Ҫô¡ейһׯ֪ϴθŵˡ
˸֪ׯ˵ǶԵġȷʵ̫ҰԼĸй
Ҷľ飬ֻжҵĳ˸شٺʹʱ򣬲ſշҵ֢оô֢ǰоģᴦԼ
ׯͣ˻ᣬ˵
誣ص£Ǹ£Ҷ⡣£ҵһʱ뵽ôǵԼܷɣڣܰȫϣҲ
һֱĬĬׯ˵ûƪ˵
ֻҪڣҾܱ״̬ղſҵıı仯ΪҷǳۣҵҪûôҲǳܲͻ״ׯƽ˵
˵Ļסׯһ˵Ϻ͵߶ˡûԸⱻ˿ס£رԼܵˡ
ڱ֪һ㡣򵥵ķ
ϴθܸ֮о誱֮ǰҪСε·ŴֽС΢
ûǰׯ͸ѯԼܸԷҸĶԷСչ
ڿȷʵ⡣Ǳһ㡣
꣬עׯ˫ӯˮǰ˸ģͷɬںˮɬ͡
еĶӲׯ۾ΪĶ¿Ϊ¸
һ죬ôСˣԣܻأһɱѹ̫ãʧȥˡ
ׯ誵ˣڻḧĺ󱳣誱޳Ҫ㵱ʱ϶Żˡ
誵˵ͷۣûޣߵӲͣ¡ʱϢУֱĸоǳ־壬ֻʱѹסֿ־塣
ֿ־ӿ˿޵ʵͷȱ͡
ׯḧ󱳣ؿޡ
Ժʲôһʱ˵һҪׯᶨ˵
Ҫ֪֮ദǸڱ뿪ģӦĵ
Ҫ誵һƬ죬һƬڵ졣
調˺ܾúܾã˴к֮ǰеҵڲʱѹסû⡣
˺ܳʱ䣬ƽɤ˵ҵʱĿˣΪԼҪˡ
ׯ£ܵͷ񱻵һֱ׵ֺۣӽŵ״ܵͷ룬誱ȥˡԺ󲻻㵥ȥĵطˡˡ
ʱκԶģٶı֤ǲ԰׵ġ誾û취ˡ
ţʱӦǿҿˣɿˡ誻䡣
ʵЩ˲ȫ޸֪ġ
ǲǺۣȥҽԺ
誴ׯùѼҽԺҩׯ
ׯϸһ飬ѹͷǧ˼ֻܺͳʳˡȥܡ
˵ãɹǳȥ棬ȥʳֺĵ̺úóԺġȥһУ
ϣׯһСʱŻ峵誳ȥ棬Դ󻺽칤ƣ͡
û£Ժƽ˵еѣ˵ͷ۵
ãȱ˵ᳶ˿ڡȥɻᣬȥ͡ׯ˵
ֻܽӲŲӣתͷ˯£׼ȥԡһϡ
ׯŽȥҰ㻻
誴ͷѩ·ܻεӡ
šԥ˻Ӧ
֮ǰӦһ˺ɶɵǴ˿̲ǣׯֹˮǴࡣ
ˣÿοԺﶼ誱סĻ棬˾
ڴϣׯ飬ߣƽԷϣ֧ã棬Ϸ߿ӰҺܿ¸Ҵ绰
ׯȥûϷ۾ۣܸɬ˵ӲƷ
ϢۡܵľţǿôãȫȥˣϮ
˻ᣬ˯ˡ
ׯƵţ誽ȥľĸ˴绰ͷ˵
⣬;߲ˡҲû취ԷദֻܰԳԿ
Ҷϵ绰վԭأΧˡ²ѣ󱳵ĳ߳ϸܵһ㺹ʵڲصĺͷ⣬ۡŭ
ƽ˻ᣬȥҩ꣬ͻȥ
ţִϵ˯ˡ
ַ¶ûȥ
֪ۡ˯һڻ
ׯɳ£򿪵ԣʱԼҵԷֹ롣
Ź˰СʱϵͻȻׯæڴ߱ס誣ḧ󱳡
ǲجˣ
ţεסˣҴˡС˵
ׯۣľۣ£ḧ誺󱳣ڣ¡
š誷ַ䶼ˣڼˣǲ˯˺ܾã
ûãӶ
ʳѡ
һ㣬Ȼҹθ᲻
´˵࣬ûʲôʳׯͰζܡ
ܣ誼ϴһ¡
Ȼׯǣɳ£Ĩҩ࣬ǳᡣ
ȥϢƳȥһطϵˡõġׯղʼϢҽԺϢͨ˺ܾãʱȫ°š
áûǿ״̬û
º˯šղ˯˻ᣬϾŵ㣬˯ʱ䡣
ׯڴرߣһ֧ҩˮۣһҩˮ۾㡣
ӡ̫ã۾ɬ͵ܣ۶ôʹ
Щׯû뿪ߣԼѧ£ǰʵҵ£Ȥ¡
˺ܾãе㱡ׯĸʱΪһ֮һֱ
誽ˣׯͷ˯ɡ
֮һ˯úܰȡǳа
***
Ϣ죬誵Ĳӳ˻һ㵭࣬Է˵ûʲôˡ
ոԼʱ䣬Ҫһˡ
һ誺ܿģڻͲͣׯ˵Ҫҵˣ˭۸ңҿȥƴ/ɱ
Ҫȥĳ誶˰ĵط
ûиͬѧԼۻ᣿ׯʡ
ûæʱʱԼׯʦģһġЦŻء
˵Ц˷ɻ
ׯʦ˯˵
Ϣĺܺãׯ΢չÿһ涼ǵˡʲôֻˡ
ׯѯʦһ֤飬ѧкоجΣȸܾõ赼Ӱ
ҹͻȻѣ˯ŵʱׯ᳢ôߵķ׷
⼸ĵ˺ܶ࣬壬»ûº֢
ڼ䣬չׯһֱڹûôϢ
ׯ˯źһգգؿɫ۵ڸǲסƣ롣
⼸죬˵Ӱ̸˺ܶദ⣬Ҫǹ誵Сׯ⡣
۵Ĺ̺ƽͣ侲˫˵Լʵ뷨͸ܣһ֪ĵҹ
ɵĹʶǣκһӦÿԼ̸˺ܶ;żз磬һò
֮󣬶Ա˴˸˽⣬඼һЩòЭԼԺ뽻̸ҪʱʱСǶϣԸǵķʽ⡣
誶γĸ࣬˹и顣
˵˼ϸ壬ܻ֮ĳʱἰʱָһ
ҪĸǿһׯеһЩʵ
һȻ˵⣬ڹ͸ҵ˸ദʽ
̸ǵģǼʱѧϰˡ
***
˵ط˿ʼ湤չȽ˳ȻǺۡ
磬ʱʱϵϵȽϺõͬѧöʱ䣬Ķ˳Էĵط
ϣ誴ׯᡣʱҾ˵ˣѴѣϹϹ
ڹȥ·ϣϲ̵˵ׯʦҴμͬѧۻᣬо϶йⰡ
ׯǡ
Ȼ˾ۻֳׯȫ
誣һ£ͬѧȲ誵ĸ첲˵
ҽһ£ҵѣׯЦ˵
ׯЦųǵ˵ͷǺãׯ誵ѡ
໥ʶ󣬴Ҿ
һͬѧŷƵͷֻһᣬȻֻĻݸ誣Ҹղѵļƪܺõ׵ĵһߺͨѶChen Zhuangׯֳλ𣿡
誽ӹֻ˿ߵλ䣬ͷ⼸ƪǡ
ģŷͫ׵š
誵ЩͬѧƱ˶ͬѧ⼸λĿǰڸУо¿йֻоķܴ
ſһƪףʵǰѧ⣬һˣѧϰ˺ܶࡣǳɫû뵽һݰŷƸ̾
ŷ˵վׯƱׯڣǱһû뵽ˣԺлһ
ãлһׯ
ƣŷ룬ȴ֪ׯûʱоѧ棿Ǻ㽻һ¡
û⣬ҵҡʱǰ˵һʱ䣬һׯǫ͵ػء
̫ˣȥҾͷʼȷʱ䡣մ誵Ĺ⡣ǲаŷƿĵĲС
һ߿ţʿŵӣࡢ侲ǫ͵ģӡ  
ʱŷƵϹҲžׯһʾл
ԣֻùȥ˿˵ȻϵҵҲǵ֮ǽǵ֪ͨǰ
ģ϶֪ͨǡҸȥķǮ϶ҪջġһȻ
δŮʲôʱȱǮˣ˵ǳٵĳ̼á
һڵǳŮǣһյСŮ
һ
ǱСŮŷ˵ɴȹرɰһ·ڳ尢̵ģҪ
˼Һܰһ˫ԲˮһĴۣɨֳĴˣָׯ˵Ҫλ屧
ڳļλ˴Цų̼õļ򣬡ǼСŮҲտذ
ţҡ̼þ֪ԼŮ϶ׯ
ׯЦСŮҽһ¡ҽׯأ
ҽǡ꣬аࡣСа۵ػشһҲ
ׯûôӴС֪ôദ
Сﵹ飬Բһ˫ۣ壬Ů𣿡
Уλ誰̾ҵŮѡҸһ¡ׯ誡
ỹڸղţǹȥæ֣׼
ǿ誣Ȼſׯߣ±ְסԼ죬λ̺ƯԺƯġ
ׯЦüĿ£Ӳ֪Сô档
λƯ̱㣿ǳϲ㡣ׯ뱧ӵͼ
ãȻٱҡ
ׯЦСĴָ˾˸ĶҪСŮڻˡ
ЦŽӹǣƯȹӡ
ȻŮ׸Ůദȹ˭ģ׶԰ģĵú졣
ׯһţĽղͱֵĺܱ׾֪Ҫʲô
һϣСѾڸ˵ĳ谮жȹ
żŰܣʹ
еԾã㲻ÿֱײ᲻ĵ
ᣬ֮ǰ˺ܶΣѧˡҪǸܣǵȥ̼һ
ô˺ӣӦðɡҴ30֮ǲ誺𾪡
˭С˭ֿࡣӱѶˡ̼̾Ϣ
̼øսƿγ̽о׶Σ⻳Уû취;ѧһ꣬ȥӡʿҵҲ׶԰ˡ
ϣ˺Ⱦ죬Ů̸Ͱ༶ͬѧİԡ
ΧǢһֱʮ㣬ۻɢ
Ǿŵ˯ˣׯ˯ŵġׯͰϱţ˯
ǵİְӹԼŮл
ȥ·ϣׯһֱЦ調ˣɵЦʲôأȶˣ
ϣЩƴƺһһвļơ
誱˵Ժׯλ᲻һɰׯ誵˵
׹ˣ˵ðÿӶһ
һ·ĵöǡ
***
˾Ƶ꣬誴Ӱóˢţơ
ʰ֮˯£׼ȥԡϴ衣
ׯҲŽȥˡ
ϴ調һƾζԺȶ˵ˡ
һϴ
Ҫ誰ǿϵ֣ܾĸɴࡣ
㲻ҺȶˣϴʱˤׯǰˣһſŽ⿪Ŧۡ
㲻ᡣҿͦѵġ誻ءóׯȶˣ۾ˣһϴ»ˣûܡ
úġׯ˳ĵػء
課ȶ˵˼ƽϣæԡҡ
ڷ׼Ҫ·ô䣬ÿճ
ԡҴһ죬Ϊˤˣæȥ
սȥͱֵһֻԡҡ
誾һܿ챻һʪ˶סе
˱ԡǽϣ󱳺ǰֱӵţȡ
ǵóԵˡ
ûзӦ
ԡҲ϶ڵˮˮƣȥɾ
ֱ¸ӡǣӡ͸ҵͼãЩۼֱˮģסˣȻٳ֣ʧ
ԡ֯һ𣬷ֲ˭˭ֻó汥
Ǳԡҵġģʹ봷ǰˣ̧֡
󱻷ڴϣ誰ׯƭӣ
ƭʲôˣׯë誵ͷ
ƭȥԡңĳã誱ͷ˵ڲˡ
нȥ
ƿڣӦ߳ŭңұڲˣء
ׯſķǵˣĶղܿ֡һ
˵ˣᣡȥڷ˯ղԡҷģֱˡһòڴϷġȻ˶ȥڷ˯
ãׯüʡ
ã˭Ҫ˭ȥ
ׯĬĬԣ˵˯Ҵ˯
һ£㻹о
ǹܿ촦áͷûɣȴһ¡ׯȥô誰ͷ
ã誾ͳ˯ˡ
ׯ̨ţ绰
յǮϢ֮ǰǮ¶üĿ֮ҪôôȨˡ
ϴׯϴ绰¾ѹţׯ֪²ׯܾģλµľߡ
Ǯһ£ׯˡǰҪ֪ͨүүһ»ǵȥԵ˵ȽϺá
ҪˣҪ²١
ɼһҪΪֻ˼ϵļһЩ
ԶīһҹһΣѡתͶ͵Ĺâͳ˯ˡ
ѾõĹ鴦ȥ·


 55 

誶ѧг, İԼˡϺĩׯ档
СԺ͵ɫ͹ݣ浫Сڵľ㶼ׯȥϴׯĵ綯峵誵Ҫ¼ĸ˷ԭׯ͸Ƶ깤Աġ
ǰۻᣬѻ峵ȥ, ת誡
ϣ誴ׯĴѧ, ǵ֪ǰĴѧ
誳ʾԼУѿСУ԰Ż峵
һ·誶ر˷, ׯԼԵʳá¥ʵҡ, 誾ûȥݷǰĵʦ
ǰʵҷΧܺáʦʦǴġӴ, ֪˺ܺðɡվǰнĻ峵Ťͷׯ˵
, ǰʱϵˡĹȷˣȥAУ, ְơׯ˵
İܺðȻȥϲһ¡ôû˵ʦǰˣ, عҸˡߣȻСʦá課ĵر˵
֮ǰе£˳¡ĿǰӦûûǩͬ, Ծû˵ׯ͡
ţˣһġԺһй, Ҳ㡣ҵҲˡĿģŤׯĲֱ
վãСˤׯ˵ŷס誵
˻ڻ峵, ȻٶȲ졣 
¥ǰתתͬѧͬһϵѧ
¶ɫ򵥴кׯȻæ˸ڣׯ뿪ˡ
Ȼ̬ׯġ
ղ˳ͬѧûϵׯؿʣװֻĵһʡ
Ǻʱǰѡ誱ؾᡣ
ǰѣʲôׯֱûô򵥡
û취ѵľ˵˵
ׯüʱΪһʶģû¡
ţʱΪ½ѸǸղλʶûʣֱץסͷҡȻҲûùܾˣݡ
ͦбµģŮΪܡׯڲزסķԹ
ĩֲ˾䣬֮ǰ˵۹ⲻ̫á
Ͼղŵͺԣޱ߷Ҳ̫õӡ
誱ҭ£ѽͣҿûҡûҪ˵۹ⲻãҲǺʱ᲻¡۹Ҳûкܺá
ûׯشָ̾ʱڲԴĹУ̸ͬ־Ҳʲôˡ
ׯü鸴ӣֻһܳԿ
調һ£ס
ҲܼƽϣҲܷӣ
Ȼϸһ룬˵Ȼֵû
ûаׯڣĳ¹ް޵ô࣬Բġĸ첲˵

ׯؾؿ˻誣Ҳû˵

˵ĲһβǱڵȥ誷ʡ
ׯûشһж֤Լ
***
ϻ˾Ƶ꣬ڴϸʱ˵¡
ͷһ䣬˭
誷޲ǰѣܵǸ
Ŷ˵ôе죿ʱ˻˵
ĵˣ̲סѾǽ˶ٸѰ
û⺫ʱ꽻ٸѡ֪ʱӸоͿʼ̸ʶˣҲûмÿһѣʱ˵̸ûȵ˾ͷˡ
绰ͷʱָͷָͷãԼĪ˸ʮɣÿһҶԴˡҶһһ⣬û˭
誷Ĭ˻ᣬôô
УرУȻˣãԶʹľʱնظ̾
誣
Ůô£ʱؾҵ绰
ͷ˵С誣Ҳ˰ɣ´ǽһ¾鰡
ʱһ۰·̬Ȱ⻰˵
誳׷Ůˣ붼룡ҲŲ˵Щ
㻹߰ׯ㰡ʱѾѳ˸٣쭵ٶȡ
죡Ժٸ˵ЩҾ͸գԡҵˮϴε˵
ʱþգ˻⣬ϲǸӣ¿ҪҪһˣ˰򰡡
ȻŮ˾ͻϲشĵ˰·޷νӣϰ·ЩԵͬ
ոʱƵϴ󡱵ĵ绰ͽˡ
ι֣æˣ۲ۣʡһСʱǰȥʱû˽ӵ绰֪ϴ϶ڸ˿
ţʲôʱؼң
æ꣬Ӧĩ
ãʱѺϢҡʱȥǡΪ˵⣬ѣʲôҪע𣿡
ʲô˼עʲô課⡣
Ϊ£˻ᣬʳɿ֮ġ
ŶûСֻܳҪ̫˵Ȼ쵽ϴе㲻Ծ֣㲻˰ɣ
ҽʲôýŵΪԴ˵ҪѼһֱĥ¡
ŶǾͺáܺദ㲻ù˼ôࡣĪöҪ˶Լļ涼ֵֹġ
˻ᣬ˵绰
ʱׯԡҳ¶ɿһĸߣ̧ëͷ
ڴϳ֣Ҹ
ׯ˳ӵ߹ȥ
誹һ߸ͷһ˵˸ղŸϴ绰¡
ׯʦ㲻Űɣ
һ㡣ׯ̹ϣϾҪա߱˵Ůµʮġ
ģѽŵ㡣
ûϵֻҪԺׯδңҾͲܽܡ

˵˵㸸ףǰ˽һ¡
֮˾˻ᣬһֱ˯
***
һΰȥؾĵĹŵһ졣ҽԺ
ׯһȥһ·ϣׯڸϴε¶ӰȻ֮ǰѾ赼˺ܶࡣ
ԭ誾ھƵϢͬѧۻᣬûӦ
ڹ棬ҹʱûԼׯŮѣǾͨͬµĹϵ
˵طȥϵõĸ˰칫ҡ
Һѹ󣬿ʼӵв˺첻ĽкҲҽԱæ
ׯ誵֣˼ֱ֣ġ
ڰ칫Ҹ˹ͨ꣬ʵع۲ɷһЩˡ
̣ׯû誵жһ
żвԶǰ˵ٺܿ죬˵Ҳݾпˡ
ͣͨǻţͷ졣ǻ˵ꡣﲻʲôæöԷһĶ
Ҳ˱Լ̶ڲЪϢĻߣ޴󺰣Ҫѣܾ
гĬɢ޹Ĳˡ·һ磬֫ȫи־ˡ
ַǳϴ誱˺Ҳ취ȥǡⲻܿƵġ
Ϊһ㣬뷽跨©ΪԼĳЩΪƵĽڣʹּȺøѡ
ѭܲǶȷʶ
߷ġ
ȥ·ϣ鶼ܳء
򵥳ԹͣصƵꡣׯҲû
ӵ̨ׯʦģ
̨ϣԶƻ䡢ɽСĻͿĨ˲ɫҲ򷭵̣ʧŨҵʵ
֢о˺ܶ꣬Ժ󲻳һֱоȥɣֱǰʡ
ţûǹ򡣡ׯͬԶ
誸첲ӷϣ֣ͷԥ˻ʣûй˵𣿡
誽ɻǰҲУɻǿҡ
ׯû̻ش𣬹˻ᣬ΢ͷɫȻ˵˾仰ǰ·Īǰ̡
˻仰˼תͷ˼Ĳһ˲Ȼ
ֻҪһֱȷ£ڶԵĵ·ϣǰȻᵽľһʱܴɵġ
ׯ϶ã߹·ܶûнѪһֱڿԼ£Ҽȥ
мĸ̬תͶԳĵִĿǰܵƳǱȻĽ׷ĴְơԼ͵λ
УԶ̫һᱻƮڱΣ̨ϴһʪȵķ̫ðͷ
˻ᣬסׯӱص֣оһ¡˿Զû˵е˼
ӷ俴ȥ̨ϣмһ˫յ֣ٺɫ̫ӳԶգҫ۵ۡ紵ɫһǣOO@@ƮƮ
ܳʱ˶ûٽ̸һֱĺɫĺϣΧɫסҲûݡ
һİЩִźͼ֣໥ˡ
ûĹ⡣ܺʱ˶Է㹻֧֡
***
Ѯʱ깤ѧУ涨ʦϰʱ仹죬ԭ׼ʱׯϼҡʱӵѧУֻ֪ͨȻѧУáϴ󡱺⣬æ
񾭲ѧϵлѡ٣кܶ๤Ҫչ
ʰ׼ƵȥׯӵԺʿĵ绰
ׯڣм˵
˵ׯᡣ
調ϵĵ绰֣ǰһŵһš
ϵλѡ٣ԱѪƾ㾺ѡ񾭲ѧϵĸΣԸ𣿡
誵ɴۿׯ
ׯ˼һᣬ˵һ֣á
ֱӴס
绰ͷЦѧԺƼ㡣м˸һѡѧõģӦûʲô⡣
鷳ˡׯл
Ҷϵ绰誻ûع
δȷе̫ҴٺͲˣ
ׯֱ̧ʱеϣǱ߱˵
誸ľͷһɵɵظׯ棬һʱϢ
ȥĳ㶵ؿׯ˺ܿδ˾
ôһôħˣ
֮ǰûҪְⷽ񣬵˵£ϵĺ⣬Ҿͽˡׯȣǣ誵ַϥͷȻڡ
ʲô£調ׯĲʡȲ֪ġ
ϴұɧѧ²򵥣ָʹĿǰô죬Ϊûȷ֤ݡׯ͡
ƽǼᶨ뷨˲ҲˣȻҵͷˣҲίȫ
ûȥģáܰ誾ȥ
һ𾪣˭ָʹģ
֪֤ݲ֡ׯڣˡǮĽǸȷʵкܴɡ
ҡҲ̸ԣҲǸѡһŵʣֱ̫á
ꡣ
񾭲ѧϵĿǰϵΣׯڰ칫ҵǸʦ
˿ԼϢ𾪡
˻ᣬһ龭еˣ뾺ѡϵΣʱƽƽ΢ǣס
Էһ˴治׷Źׯ
һԭ򣬲ȫׯء
ԭʲô˵Լĸܣߵ˼İϤ
ϴ/ɱǼ£ԷӦϵһЩ⡣ѧٵѹ̫ˣϵкܶ涨ǲ̫ģû˾Щ⣬ֻǹԵİеĹƶ£ûȥı䡣ׯ˵Լ뷨
Щû۹Ȼһλÿ˿ĽǶȲһ
ŵʣûʲô⣿ƽʱǲעϵЩģԼĹͬҪæˣûЩ
ׯ˼˻˵ϵѧԺѧıҵ˺ϸҪЩҪ̫֣ѧŬһ£ѡоıҵ󲿷ʱԼģʦȨܴ󡣵ϵＸûκԵʦԼ
ĥһЩݣͷȷʵڴ󲿷ʵҶʦоԻȨҪĸⲿƶȣᶯ˺ܶ˵⣬ʵʩѡºܶ鷳
Ľ課ׯЩԼϲ¾͹ˣǷС
û£õģзִ硣ׯ誵ֱ˵
˻ᣬ˼ߣָ˽յ֣ãľҶ֧֡
̶һСʱˢĿһַԸ񣬿ºͣʵϺܶϺǿӲԭҲ뷨ֻ֮ǰûôֳ
쵽һҪ£ׯʦȨ˾ûľѡкܴ谭ɣ
Ͼׯ㣬ϱĲȷ֡
ˣǸ˵ˣׯתͷʡ
ʲô
ǰӦø˵ˣǸ˾쿪ͥȻ˷ɻӦþн
誻һǰ죬ʱ޻ˡ
Լǵ˯ǰׯһ䣬ʱڵҪ̾˯ˣȫǵˡ
誵ׯһۣûšĸ첲һѣԹ˵ԺôҪ²ҪǸʱ˵
ׯǰһᣬγȷʵакܴռ䡣
˼ҧгݣѹ˵ׯ죡һŬģԺűڣ
ãҺڴׯɫչصͷ
ͶĻ⣬Ժʱ껹ׯûӮ
ˣֻܿľͺãʿ֮졣
˷ɻׯյһţֻݸ誡
調̾Цˣ̧ͷͿԶһԲεĲʺ磬ȻָŲʺ磬Ц˵ţˣ
ׯ˳ſȥ
ͣ½ŲŲʺ罫շֳ֣ѤõĲʺӯ˵ĵɫƲʡ
¹дųʪȣһ紵ǳ
ׯ誵˵˾䣬˹ʺ磬Ϸ֪Слл㡣
ղյĶǷԺоׯûκβٶ


 56 

ӻѾߵ, ҿһ£Ƽ
ˢָţׯ, ̧̧°ͣȥװ޵ôϲװ
·ϾȲ뿴װ޵Ч
, Ϊϴ˵ҪӣǰЩӻû
ڳϣ誸ׯһ¡
㸸Ϊ㿼, ֧֡ǮĻת˸㡣ׯ誵ָ, һ档
, Ұ˵ǮҾԼѪһ, ҰǮܹˡġ
ϾǺܴһǮԼô㹤, ⱲӶ
ҲĸԸġû£ҡׯο
û˵, ˣ˰ſ, Ϊܶš
֮ǰׯЩ죬ɨЩׯıڹ̶ʱɨЩ²ġ
ߵЬ, Ȳ¥ȥñ䡣
ƿ룬ӡǻǽǶʽذ³ܶ, ǽһЬԱǰɹ͸¾һױ̨һӦȫλеñ䡣
һԼĶڷŽӣԺÿﶼرġϾÿһ·ϸѡͷá
Ȧϸϸһ飬Ȼ˸߲ҵس嵽¥£סׯĲӣϲϲϲҵʦƷλ治
ķǲǿ쵽ˣׯ¸Ьǵ˵·ݵڡ
ţµ׵ڡھͬӻ᲻е磿侲
µͷͻȻԥ֮ׯϵΣѧУֽܾܿͱ˷ˡ
ǰûΪܵעȷʵһ˽ģñ˾ׯûͷˣΪȷʵˡô˵Ҳ̹Ȼܡ
ڹҲʣƺе鷳
ׯ˻֪ԥԭ򣬡ȱˣԼסߣʱ
á̸һʱһЩռ䣬ɡ誻ء
ׯһֱ֪һ㡣
˺úϢһڶѧУᡣ
Ƿֿţ誳Թׯͣͳˡׯʰһų
***
εĻ࣬ȫԱ룬۵ϵﻻ졣
鿪ʼԺʿԹȥһЩԼĹܽᣬȻѧԺ쵼εĻϸ˵ѡ˻ڡ
ׯֳĻϵʱ򣬻ҵŵ˳Եɧ
ԺʿҲע⵽ˣùͲׯġ֪ҹϴӪ¡·Ժˣׯûκ⣬ǶԷ滹зߡΪû⣬һҪ˵
̨£ϵʦСۡ
ׯĺܿ
ȷʵǿѧľΪҲǫº͡
᲻̫ˣһ갡ܶҪִܶ
һ㣬Թźܳ꣬ϵ۹һ򲻴һһ֧ϵľ
Ҫһ£óʲôľѡݡ

調бǰλϵׯ׳´䰵ɫɫڣɾֱ࣬ͦţΧʦȷʵһۿȥڵġ
һ·誸ģϲׯ³·ϣׯڣʲô·ʹʲô
Աߵ誵ĸ첲ׯĽͬˣһ¾ˡĴʶ˵ˡ
⣬һʱ֪˵ʲô
һԵĿҿڣû£˱ֻ̡ҪĹþлᡣ
ˣ
ׯڻıǶأ㲻Сʡ
ŤͷɫӣǸʱѾ˰ʦ߼ǲǻڷż٣ǴѧУˣ
ˣ
Сֹʦٸ˰̬ͷӦԺ˺ܶడ
ûŵϵζôԼҵС͹ݰһٵæ̫ƽͷմ򽻵˼̬ʲôˡǰܵػء
ŶǸȥʦҳԷ
ȥ֮˼ͬʱͬ˼
ֵҳĬǲӦȹһôĿ۹ˡ
̬޵ˣùģҵǺĳǲֽˣ˵
С̸ʱ誵עʱʱ̨ϡ
ȻЩѡҪȥҴк컹Ҫоѡ㱨
еţׯǼȽϸߵʦҶǵ֮ܶ˵˺ܶĻᡣ
Ȼׯܲܵѡ⣬Ϊ£ԻϣԸ
ѡ½ȥҽܣׯȥͣ뿴̨ϡ
̨ϵʽͲе㰫ׯûеߣ΢һŻͲһֲ嶵ŵµˣҺãׯҽμϵεľѡóѡݡлл
Ȼˡ
µʦסŷӦʼơ
ׯ֮ǰĺѡ˶˵˺ֱܶ࣬Ʊ
ׯֻôʶһ¡
調ӢŵˣȻ֪óʲôľѡݣóš
֮ǰȥʦԼơѡ򵥵ҴкӦǲмƱķʽԼ롣
ͻʱƱ˵Щʸߵʦ֮ԱǣĹ̫ء෴ּ򵥵ķʽܸøС
誻ڶׯ˽ƶϡ
誸Ŵһƣ˳ͦׯ̨ϲ̨̨һ˿ۡ
ֵðҹϾ֮ǰûĹҪĹ϶١
˲ز׻˶ʱѪԶǱ档
誼̫ӣȫעЧʼߣӦٶȷǳ죬һкܴѹһ͸Ͻ࣬誺ܶʱǱߣżоԼǡ
ׯԺʿ誸˸ϢȻһȥʳóԷ
ȥʳõ·ϣʣͶƱǻͶׯһƱôҸղյмʦƱ΢ˡׯûҷ
ҵͷҲյˣȺһҲûյׯڵϢһΪû΢ţصط£Ҹ΢źѡ
ʵҲյѡ˵Ϣˣòػظһ¡ʱͶƱ϶ׯ
ˣԼ˽ͶƱ
ׯڻ᲻ھ˰ʡ
ӦòɣͶƱҶǶˣ᲻ֺûƱ顣˵
ҲǣҪһЩϾЩ쵼ԺϢϢءһͶׯڵģ˸뷨ᵽʦ̬ȡ
ҲͬĿ̻ء
̽ͷԽм誣ôôĬ
£Ӧ۵̫ˣûϻҲ֧ׯڡϴԺ쵼˵ڸĸ֪ʲôʱļ
һ±תߣֿʼһۡ
ԹԻذ칫ҡ
һû칫ң誺úôɨһԼĹλ
ɨ꣬յׯϢ誱ҪҪҰ칫ҵɳ˯
֮ǰ誸ׯżſ˯
誣˰ɣԹ𣿡
ԹˡϢһᡣ
֪ԺׯѧУҪܲȥ칫ҾͲȥ
˯˻ᣬ調ʼͷĻ٣֮ǰׯѾдˡΪߣׯĸԼڲͣ޸ġ
ϵĿ⻹ʣһˣĿǰڳ֮׼Ҫʼдˡ
ϵǸĿҲҪλʱʱϵǰݷӵĹ
һʱûôһʱѽ빤״̬Чʲߡ
ûǿԼȥʵһˣѧѾУһʱˡ
滮һ֮ʱ䰲ţൽ°ʱ䣬誾ͻؼˣԼķӡ
ܾûס˵ķһɻҳζæ򿪴ͨ͸Ȼʼͷɨ
Ͼŵ㣬ͨèۿ£誻ϲشš
ׯŵĴӣŵϤζæЦڽǣׯʦúá
ׯϲԵһտտ
֮ǰسСԽֹʱᵽһΡ
˵ÿ仰ׯﶼᱻӣҼסͨԼûע⵽˵Ļ
ϽǲǸ㴫ھ飿誳˿Ƭ˵
˵һЩעׯֽ課ߵա
Ŷ£ѹǲе󣿡 
áƽĶԴׯػء
ţǾͺáܳɲɶû¡æͷտóԣҴɨ˼Сʱںܶ
˴ɨԼׯְ̧誶ǰµ鷢𵽶
û£͵ˡ
˻ᣬׯ˵ҵѡϵΣõĻӰ֮ĸ顣ûй涨¼̸
ׯһʼͿǹ⣬ǵ調ܻԼޡ
ţֹ֪֮¼ϵҲչҵ⡣ҲûȨҶ෢ʣһпߺɸ¡⡣
ĵĲЩǵׯյѡûãʹĴܹ鲻̫á
տׯҪǣӣֳǰҸճտûˢңǵׯһڶûԣտȫһ˳ˡ
û¡ׯҪס
ֵ̧ס죬ׯʦԣף֮׸ڻȥ˯ҹ
ׯûǿһ誵ƣû˯ܻʧߡЩԹ
ᣬ칤ôã϶˯رáʵֿ죬֮ʸСЦŻء
ׯ˱誣θ
ͻȻáϴ󡱸ºܺãżֿ죬һԼ£ԺܺõάʸС
***
磬ׯʵҡ
ηϢҶŵԼҪ㱨PPT˽Ťͷۣ߳ߡ
ߣû򷹣ֿտգüʡ
Ҵˣóֻ鿴ϢûҷϢ
ηɻٿԼֻӵϣҡ
߿飬ֻʳһݳҪţģҪӸ嵰
Ȼһĺ
߿ˡ
ׯʦ
ŶЦ
ηץץͷæŽ㱨PPTûʱȥʳã͸߷ϢֻԼʦ
ܲȻôԼʦĻ㱨ǡʦδ
ԭԼĶţϾֻϢܣԭʱ䡣һٵʵ飬λ㱨ܵõʦһ͵
Цˣ취η벹ȡ
ϽϢ˵ֻ˰ôһ°ֹסЦ
ηɷٴ֡
һӣֻʾηսսؿۡ
ûţˣ⡣ʵҰɣ
߿Ϣסׯʦĸˣ
ͬڷĺηɣϽϢ˵¥ȥӣȻ㻹Ҫʦ͵
һ˺ηɣϢæ߳ʵſھͿԼʦ
վʹͷεؽӹʦݹķʦллֻˣԭǷߵġǸѺˡ
û£˳ġǵõȻῪᡣׯ˵꣬תˡ
ηɴһ𾪻Ϣҡѷϡ
ߺش򿪿ۣףһϣ˵Ҫô
ηɸϽŴӿҡͷû˵ҵĺˡǸû𿪡ⷹҳԻǲ˰
԰Ȼ˷ѣϽԣȻúñ֣ߴߴ١
ηƽһ飬߳Է߸̾ʦû̫ˡ
ʦͦõġϰѧ˲ٶоеüĿˡȻ࣬Ƕĺܺá߳ͷ̾
ţʼһƪҪ죬ׯʦ̵ķһԿʮƪηɻء

ߵ㣬ȥ׼ᡣ
鿪ʼǰһˡ
ӡŶĿTһ˶㣬ܿӸߴһĴͷϢлһˡ
ߺͺηɶԿһۣ֪˭׼ѯʡ
ʱׯűʼǱýʵеĲ󣬼ʹ໥ʶһ¡
ʶῪʼ
ׯŶŵĸˣڣʹȻ㱨һ׼Ŀ⡣
Ѯվģʱʵҷż٣ׯҲڣû̽ʵҡԼȿҪʲô
ʹ˰Сʱ㱨
ׯα̨ϵˣ뷨漰һַϵû豸ͷ취չ˳ԼһЩĻƣܻ벻Ľֵԡ
ţĿǰһڿף뷨ٸۡʹأȻŵµˣǰҵоǰȺĬ֢֢̫˽⣬ǷǳȤϣԺҶæ
ʦ֣ÿҸ߶Žʵһ꣬ԺǶѧϰηɽӻ
໥һᣬ
һֱϾŵ㣬ᡣηɺߴżʹʵҡ
ׯ׼ذ칫ңȴסׯڣұΨæ
ֱ⡣ΪΨֵķòС
˾û֮ǰ˶һվΨߣׯʦó˺֤ܶݣΨǱȫϲɼָƺDNAֻǺԼɧš
ԺΨܲס̫˵ѯ˵Լûɧšžյׯ߷顣
ȫһ¾ͻˣæ˵顣
֪ΨˣܲܿǸѧķϣջߣ˵
ׯĬһᣬǳˣСѧ¾ҪеûҪ⳥ʲôֻҪ龭͵Ǹ
ׯǵϴһһ󡣷ǰܲƽϣһĲҲвõӰ졣ûԸԼѱģᷴ
֪󲻹֣ǿǵǰ;ܲܳߣʵӲͷƤҪ
һʦжҪʱ֪Ψѣͺ޲ðӳȥ۵ⲻˡ
ׯü䣬˼
Ϸæ룬ʵΨָʹԼģҲǱˡ
˭ׯ̧ͷʡ
ΣꡣۻҵţС˵
״Ӧˣׯ⡣
ʱΨ֪û¼ȡͽӵ˳ĵ绰ǹͼӴ׵˵߿ܻлᣬʾΨû˵ΨʱͷˡΨ֪֮龭
ׯۣҡҡͷһû˵
һ߽صš
˻ᣬׯڣҳߣҪ龭Ǹ
ò
ͷúúãллׯڡθ鷳ˣԺúù鷳
ׯԣ£ʦҲøһĴҲת޵ͷϡ㰲Ĺε£ʱܣҪš
ׯԶȥıӰỬ
ᣬһֱҿׯׯˡȻѧУıƣׯܽǿ԰ʵңȥĵط
û
˴ûʧûۡ
ղׯˣóеƬвȻҲȥˣ̹㡣
ڿЩƬͷˡȻʱĻ۵
ΪʲôסǸŮ
ôˣ䲻ϡԺ˼רĹͺáٻܸһ
ԭдãǰ;ĹΪһѧ㱨ׯĽǶһ飬˼˵ķԣѡ﹤ҡŽˮ¥̨ȵ¡
֮ǰл룬ԼܻһЩᡣ
ڻ誣ǴδйķɺͿģԼǳʣǳޡ
Ƭ뷢вƲ̳誻ΪУǵĹϵܻܵӰ졣ûΪ˺
ڿǶԵġֵء
***
ϣׯֱӻؼң֪誸Ǿ۲ȥˣϢûյظӦǻû
ƿŽȥͿվأЦ÷ǳõ誡һ泩
߹ӵסķղôûϢ
ѣһ㾪ϲԾûϢ誽͡
ׯǣɳ£誱мҪ˵һ£նࡣ
˵調ɫȻׯеЦ±ĸֵСһ
ׯѸղ˵һ顣
֮ǰ˵˲ܺͽ⣬Ҫߡ᲻᲻ģׯʡ
ᣬҪ龭͵ǸҪ˾͹ˣ߻ǲߣҪ׷µĽ
ţ¹ȥˡ
ľѡ㱨㻹Ҫ׼ôýţ͵һ顣ׯµĿͷ˵
Ҫ׼һᡣ
ͻȥ㡣㲻ҪҹȻڲ뿪ֱ
ܲȥ𣿡ׯס׼ߵˡ
Ҳ㣿죬誶Լס
ᣬңţ
á
һֱҹ課ŸоԱߵĴݣԺۣׯʦˣ˯ұ˯
ֻ̹ʱ䣬賿㡣
֮ǰһֱҵׯ˯֪鷿׼ʵûסԺ˯ȥˡ
ˣԺҹׯ£ǰܰ뻳һ·ͷ㣬
Ҳ㡣誰ͷԺ˵
ӵߣ׼ӭµ̡


 57 

񾭲ѧϵĻѡ, ѧУĻٿ
ѡȥ㱨
һŵĿ̨ϣÿ˶ʹȫȥƴˡѧʦµԼκҪ¡
ׯڵڶ㱨
ʱʱȥȻֻӰ
ǰ˻㱨, û̫
ֱֵׯ̨ϣŵһһصκ׼¡
ᵽҪԵʦĸĸʱ, ̨µ񣬴ұ졣
誴ɨۣжϲҶµ̬ȡ
ŵķ
ׯԵʦ, кܶ뷨һΨ
ͷֱ, ׯĺܶطֱָƽʱԹԵ޿κεĲ֡
Щһ㲻̨˵
ׯȫû, ĲĲֶˡ۵ǳϬֱӡ
Աߵ, ΢죬ֱ㶿̨ϡӦׯ㱨ݳԤϡ
ׯ㱨, ̨ͬʱ
Ȼǳţ»ʲô˵
ܶ۵㼸ǴҶĬϵй, Ҫƣó˾ʩҾÿԡ
治߹, ϴô򵥽ܣһΪˡ˭֪ôʣ
ô˵ҪͶһƱ, ٽݺ뷨ġ֧һ¡
ԣҲĵѡôʵʩЧӦò

誼Ⱦ֪ۡ, ׯÿ켸˯˲Сʱϣ˴ѧԺصϺ͹ƶȡЩǰȫ˽ģ㿪ʼѧϰγԼĹ۵㡣
ѡ˻㱨꣬ȫԱͶƱ
ѡٽҪһЩ̲ܳҪʱ䡣
ׯΧס̸Ц࣬üĿǫһͻ߳ԼһȺӱҫǿǡ
ԶԶ˵ָܣڵ֮ǰʶһ㲻һ
뿪˻ңׯĻᶼûС
극׼ȥʵʵ顣
ϰ״£ȥƬңͷרעʵ顣
ͻȻһ鷳һ£̨豸ôã
תͷһͷ߸ԵȣҰϵꡣ
ã鷳ˡʹòػأȻվһ߿ʵ顣
調ٴ꣬ϸ豸Ĳ̺ע
ллǼʹׯڵĲЩ豸֮ǰõĲ̫һ֮ҲҪ̴ҡ
û£֮͡誻ءΪׯĲ誾ʹһǰˡ
ɶ䡢˶㣬һ˫˶ЬڲٳĴţԵ˺л
Ǹ֪ԺԷ̡ʹŴſֵ˵
誣ԺʿʵҵĽʦһϵÿ誼̻ء
Ļܼܲһ΢ţʹʡǰĸŮղĸ⣬һ˫ɫ۸ɾƯüĿº͵͸¶һ鶯̲סʶһ¡
Ǹڲֻﶼˮٴ´μô誾ʾ⡣
ʹͷá
һֱϣ誻ذ칫ңʰһ£׼°ࡣ
Ŵ򿪣˴߳ׯһζﻹϵʦмǽμӾѡˡ
òк׼ݣŲסıע⡣
ذ칫˸ߵׯ칫ſڣš
˻ᣬŴ򿪡
誽ֹţֱѹϣ촩黨ȹʡ
ȶˣ
áׯǣ誵ߵɳ¡
ԺӦ𣿡
Ӧò࣬ƵҶƵׯס誵Լϣס
죬æžѡദʱ٣һʱ䶼˷ѡ
誻סׯĲӣԵҩôֺۣô࣬϶͸֧ĺ
Щû£ûʱ㡣᲻
֮ǰȣһ𣬵ðɣܽܡ誳ʵش죬ദʱ٣Ĳϼ䡣
ղǲ׼°ˣ
ţأҪӰࣿ
Ӱ࣬ȥӡ
ŶȻȥˡʧ˵
һ𡣡
һǰһʵ¥߳УűȽԶľׯ󲽸ǣ誵֣һ誵С
ׯûֹСſڣǸ誻˼ҡ
誴ţЬͱ˴ӺӵסŲĴС
ȹڱһֻȵ̽ȥ
š誺ܿ췴Ӧס֣ûж
ûȵش෴һִֻȥ
ȵȣ·ˣһδ誽¡ȹɱˡ
ꡭȻСһͳĴȵ
誻˵ʲô˱챻ס
侲ֻʣǵʹ
誷ֿ˺ܿ챻ŵɳ·ɢһء
ʣ誶϶˵ׯڻ롭С
ģᡣϵ˳ء
ȥսžͱӵסûյ
ȵ𣬵Ҳֲĳ˵¶ȡ
;誾ÿ챻ڵⶼ̵
һΣܸоŲһ֮ǰûйķʽġ
ûйĸо
˺ܾãһ˸߹һ˵졣
˵ûˣԶˢĿ
ʪͷϣҲȥ
ׯּһ·ϣȥ򿪱ȡˮ
ţһ£ֳ
ߵ̧ŵ˵Ĳӣι֡
誻˻ȣѿյ򿪡ɳ죬ĳϡ
ׯ¿֣ȥԡë課ϵĺȥϣ֮Űѿյ򿪡
㻹жٻۿߵʡ
ׯϥǣŤͷ糺ˣģϲ𣿡
調ͷղץҲˣסۣЦ̧һš
Ȼױ׽סһ䣬
ִһ˿ζ
Ҳû£϶˸ղźۣ˵˾䣬ׯڣһأ
ֳһ˿ơ
ճڣϷĹͱס誸æֹ֣ǰˣ𣬸ղеۡ
ׯֹͣһ£üʣղ̫/ˣ
ûеá˫סС˵
ׯһ룬ͷЦ֪ˡ
ۣĺĿץָ̧ۣ˸۲ۣ
ۡ
Ŷ֮ǵüָס
û£ָסָ׺Ưׯ˵ţù誵֣Сָ׸Ƿۺ𪣬޳Բɾࡣ
誶ֲֵ֣档
Ťͷ۵ϣʱˣׯϲȹӱˣһ
µġׯأƽʱˮֻȿ֣
ղŴ򿪱䣬֡Ĥֻп֣ʲôʳﶼûС
ѧУˮڼһȿ֡ ̹ϡ
Ժٺȵ㣬ݡθ̫áׯ顣
еֳ񫡣֮ᾡٺȣҪǷеߣ³֡ĥ⡣
ǲǻûׯʡ
ûȿ־С
ߣȥׯϵĳ£ϣһſſϡ
ûȥɢɳö
ׯȥ³·ұȥܾûˡĲˡ
⻰еĶ׼·ŷ࣬ǰˣ㿴ĽԺ㡣
á
˳ţûׯ
찵ѾɢһƤһ˿
ǣֹš
ͻȻղΪʲôֱӴȥ

Ϊʲôܵȥ극ңȻе
ׯͣ½Ųתͷˣ͸¶һ˿ӣΪʲôҪȰ
誣
***
ׯңûɳϷվڳׯ졣
ׯʦܹȻͳˡе㵣ġ£еǡ
в˵ׯ£û£ûʵ飬Ҹ㡣
оѣҿԻġҽ겻Уͱˣͺɹͬˡ
ģҰ㿴顣
˵ı飬Ҫˡ·ǶӣǰӿһЩԹ
ôˣׯԡ
ΪҪ׼ϿΣҵһд飬˿ʱ䶼ûС
ҵĴʱѿƸ㣬ࡣׯΡ
ҽ궼ָˡһ뵽껹Ҫдͺ÷ܲϲһҪ˺ܶβͨ͸һ̨̾
ׯµϴϴ֣ɣ§סˣд֮ǰдǷݱңҿ겻УơдӦܼ㲻ǻһƪʱüĻܷЩơ
ׯķͷţӦðɡˣ˵Ѿдˣڼ顣췢㣬㿴дô
á
һҪרҵ̬ȿУܳܵסѡ
ģҲẬҪģ鶼н취ׯס誣󱳡
ţ֪Һö
ׯɿ誣вˡ
ҸǰȥҼҳԷˡҲ͹ݰһٵæոˡһׯɢ졣
ȡŬˮƽ
ھͦõģҺϲԡ˵꣬ղᵽһ£ׯʦǸΣҪǾѡϵΣͳʵ£᲻Ϊ㣬ܶ
ϵΣӦҲ˶áׯػء
ţΪʲôô˵
⣬ֻڱסˣᱻҷ
ʲôⰡ誾
ԣڱʣ㲻֪Щõ¡֪ô
˻ᣬãעⰲȫ
˻ᣬ誻Ǿ˵Լɻ󣬡ôоԴҪѡϵΣҾе㿴͸ˡ
͸ķ棿ׯ¡
˵;㲻֮ǰöˣ˼һЩǰһе㿴壬Ҳ֪㡣ĥ˻˵
ǵȻúһġׯ˵ҲӦȥѡ
ǣ㾺ѡҲԣǸо°֮ǰûֳһֱֳˣҪһʱܡ̹ϡ
ׯһû˵Ѳˮ誱סʲô£㶼ǵһλׯΣҲ档ʲôʱʣҶ㡣
ţ֪ǾɡҲԼϹĥ
ãĩȥǮ￴򡣡
ðׯʦ˵˵ЩѣǶܺദ
ڳһ죬һ
극ׯʰ誸ȥɳϷ
ֻ΢к룬㿪עǣʹ
ͨ
ܿյʹϢ
誣мѯһ¡
Ϊʵϵ£ʲô£
촩˫Ьʲôӵģ˵һһ˫
誵ɴ¿һϢ
촩һ˫ϸСˮǿƽ׵Ьϴθׯһģϲ˫ЬϽЧܺãȰ޳ԳֳƵĽűƤرס
ʱһ۾Ϳˣ۸ȽϹԥҪҪׯġ
һϤ⣬ǳʲôԭܹе֡
誼򵥷Ьӣûᡣ
ׯ誷ֻǲǻҪ

ףѧУʱ˵ҪӰģ
ŮѸҪ졣Ҵǡׯ˵
ãȻᣬȥŵɵ֡ռЩڽƬһûꡣ졣
ӵɳϣ֣졣
˵Լиܣׯһһ
誸̾ȻǸӵĶҪ˽㡣
ڵҸʼϲǸ˲ܴ󣿡ׯǻ˵Ķ
㻹ʼǸ㣬˸档õģһһֱܰܰ㡣˵
֮˽ˣвϲĵطֱӸ˵һġΪı䣬ΪԼΪϲǸˣᾡһеĻ롣ׯ˵
áһ̹ϣҲҪ
ĵҹӵ¥˯
***
磬誸ʵ飬׼ȥ֣ĩҪȥǮ￴򣬲ٿȥ
յһİ뷢Ķš
ǣãׯһ棬㣬XXȹݡ


 58 

調Ϣ, סǡׯһЩ롣
ĵ룬ȹݴҪСʱҲһСʱʱ˼ҪҪȥ
ڰ칫, ֧ϣ˫Ȩ¡
....֮ǰׯ˵, ҪҪ۸, ֱӸ
....ҲҪԭͥ
֮ǰʱ˵鴦ȫ
黹ûã
ׯڿ, 
誾ȥڳ, Էѿ, Ҳ¡
ȥԡҲױʰ׵, ȥȹݡׯϢ˵Ҫʱۻᡣ
˽˵ɡ
һ·, 誶û룬ƽׯҺܸӣ֪һ, ƽʱ˵Ҳʡ
ʮ˿ȹݣſ, ׼ͷֻϢʶԷ
һ誣
ѭȥһƯŮ, ֻ߹ȥׯҷϢ𣿡
ԣҡׯ˵
誷°£ƽؿŶԷȿڡ
ׯϸ˶֮󿪿ڣׯŮѣ
ǣأʲôϵ誵ػأԷղʻֱ׵˲Ǻ課֪ⳡ治ˡ
ҰׯͬĸãӦýׯһ磬Ϊһиͬ׸磬ҾͲ⺰ׯ硣ׯء
һüͷܿɫƽʲô𣿣
ȻȻҿûׯŮѡׯһȻ
ʣʲô£ԷھˣΪׯݣ課ׯ֮Ϊѡ
Ӧû֪ɣׯҪˡׯ誣ֻı˵仰һô죬ҵޡӡ
ʧ룬ͷֱֽһ˲ѹеľξˣǿԼ侲ŶԷƽʣ֪ͨ£б𣿡
課ڿԷϷı飬ׯԸ
ǷʵʵҲׯڽ⡣
аҹȰ뿪ׯȻʱֻΪСķˡǿЦġǸ㣬ҸǺѡׯˣСʸûСׯ˵
룬ѹͷ΢ЦŻأȻ˵Ϊʲô׸ȥǵׯأ
ҸԼϲˣϲ¡ׯе㲻ͷûϵӦѾڴ調޳ܾˡ
ׯҲԼϲˡҲѡԶԷ߼ơԼ̻ŵģֻҪ侲
סׯ֣ǰҪҸׯǸӱȡҸǼŽӰˣԷҲʵۺļ塣ңҸ绹ϡ
ӣ£³֡
ĵ֮ǰֻܵһѾĺͷŭˡļͥһô˱Ϊӡ
ʵ󲻳ׯǰһļͥ˿һɺӽŵðϥϵ˫ֽסսŬƽڵŭ
һԼõͣҪȥ˲Ƿʲôׯһмطʣ˵ǰĿȺһڡ
調ס̰Ⱦߵĳ嶯ģʣ֪ʲô֢ô
ǲǺ˼ôׯԣˣԼ벻ּ˷ʽôҵĹעѡϧʧˣֻǸׯһνı顣
調αۣڨڨؿŶԷ꼸ꣿ𣿡
ʲô˼˵ˣׯǺüëšɲϣܲá
ضŶԷһû˵ûͨ
ׯ﷢ëһ򶨣뿪ׯȻˣÿ
ɿֱۣ࣬Ҹ㣬ҪׯˣҲǺÿ
ƽ͵ż⵶һķ
ׯЦЦ˺һᣬֹס˵ʲôʲô˽ɣȻ˵ĻҽЦЦ
ûػʲô˽⣬ͨׯ֮ǰ͸¶ϢԼΪˣе˵Ļ
ܶԷ»£ںǲǶԷһԸͷβᶨվׯߡ˹ȥһиš
ׯ誵ı飬ʵĥ͸ׯǼҵһӣҪ͵öϡׯǰģ
Ļ֮ǰׯ˵һΡ
ڴׯе֪ǳܣǳѹ֣ѹ˵ͷҲ˵ׯҵӡԭ򲻹Ϊׯɣ
㡭㣬ʲô˼ׯס
ⳡԤϵȫһǴſЦͿϷ̬ġ˳Ҳǰ£Ժڼ֮Ĺϵ
ֻҪׯׯңͲǰڲˡв๵̬ȡ
Ժֻһˡ仰û˵ڡ
ʲôҪׯңׯĿɿڴʶڽĿȳףһŽĿĭʱѾЩķΧðǻ
û˵ȷׯĿǰǲǻ֮ǰׯ͸¶һϢ
ǺЦΪ룿׼ô͵ù黹ׯҵõһУׯ߰ţΧ˲Ŀ
Ǯôǡշɣÿ¸ĸ800ѣŶԣֻøѣӦ400飿˿Դ죬ظ
ׯѾˡѾԤ̫ˡ
붼룡
ׯС㣬ý壬дׯҴΪׯң˵ⳡҪ˭ǲһЦʧ±˵
ǲҲҪָۻׯǺ
調ֻЦ浽һʱԳæˡ
ûеĻˡ׼ʵ־һϲȥˡ
ׯ誣㲻Ҫ̫ţȵҿȥĿޣ
ҵŰ誵ͷأȻ̧ͷĿģҪޣ϶ǰ㿴ЦʧˣׯС㡣
˵꣬뿪
***
ߵϣϢȥ벻
Ŀ˻ᡣʲôû룬ԭӦûȥׯҪΪʲô
֪ʲôʱʼġ
˲ĳһ£Ҳһᡣ֪ׯ·㹻İȫС
֪ŲΪԡ
ЩѹׯׯʱֲмԼôĻʲôļͥһĸ磿
硱ʶˡ
󲻳ơ
˻ᣬóֻϢ
ܿӵ绰С誣ûɣȻҪȾƣ
ʱ꿴ϢʱֱԼ۾
ţģҹȥ㡣
ʱֱԣ誵ĵַ˸ľưɡ
ȵ˾ưɡ
˻ᣬʱҴҸϵ׼ڣ˵ʲôҲʣҺȾơҵúȵľơǮҸ
ʱסɫƽͷԱơ
ѾǾƾôǲʱ׼ȥҽԺʱڰ̨һߵĸ߽ϣͷϸ۲誡
ֻǲϲȾƣⱻƣǸ˵
Ҫǰʱһ٣ûС課һ
ׯˣʱ갴಻סˡֱ鲻򵥡
ûУǸܺáҾһ㲻ġҲûʲô£ϰĿҪˣܲУе㷳˸˵Ƕסʱ졣
ʱûٶʣڰ̨һǣȾơ
Ǹô誺˿ھʡ
ӦĿǰĵġ䣬涼ͦʡҷң侲
ͦõģǱŽȥģ
ʱ˿ھƣ飬һ濼ǡ֪ԺûиʵġҼˣ޲̾Ҽˡ
˸죬һҪʱһһľơ
꣬Ѿ΢ҪȾƣʱû취ֵ˱һľơ
û뵽һΪ뱭͵ʱԴԱѾ糺˵
û뵽̫ˣԺʧǿԼˡ誵ʹͷ˵
ȥѾģû׼ܼ޳ȥ˵㻹Ƚ飡ʱһѡ
ţֿܡʱȥ㵱ư˼ػء
ʱһߴ誣£˵ֻȾơ
һֱʮ㣬誵ֻˡ
Ѿеˣָ˼ֻûͨ绰Ǻʱͨݵߡ
ôҹȥ㡣ͷʡ
Ժˣͷʺʱ꣬
ʱֱùֻιׯǺʱ꣬Ҹھưɣ鷳һҰѵַ㡣
ʱղŻôѺ߸Ūȥһ˵ùǺ
С誣ģһûʱ겻ġ
ſڰ̨ûӦԴģҵ񽬺Ҳµûš
ŶʮӣׯŶ롣
ʱվʾ⣬
ׯ߽ſڰ̨ϤıӰɻûʲô
ʱͣ誺ȶˣ鷳Ūȥһ˸㲻
ׯһɻ󣬷ſŵˣۣͲӺܵѪһ½誱ȥҽԺ
ã誶ԾƾǺȶˡʱæ
ׯţʱֽһ¡
ллȥׯס誳ʱ˵
ãҸղ˴ݡŪȥ˳չһ鷳ˡʱ誵İݸׯ
ׯûٶ˵ᱧˣ˾ưɡ
СķŽʻϵðȫֹȥ
һ·ϣʱʱһ۸ʻˡ˯ˣʱʱ
θׯûҿ̫졣
С³⣬誣¥ɳϣȥѾ
һ·϶Ĭ誣ỹǲԲۣᵹɳϡ
ׯƵˣסĺ󱳣誱ȵ
誺΢΢ſ졣
ׯԵòٹԵˣʵû׽ôȥȾˡҲʱ
¥Ϣ
շŵϣŽţҪϴ裬ϴ衭
ׯְ˱ԡңŽԡףϴ衣ϴ꣬ͷشϡ
˺һᣬһЩֵסƹ⣬΢΢ۣǰˣǲǺȶˣ
ׯһֱڴأ誱ǲǷʲô
ղϸһʱദ龰˴һʱ˵㣬ûˡʱ٣ѾںܶϰʱѹˣڵС
ûҾҺʱ棬ҪȾƣҾǱƺƯͳ˳ȷʵе㲻ġ誷Ѱͷ˵
ЩǼ£ڲᡣ
Ϊʲôģҡׯĺס
ܶ°ҵĿܲУҪʵܶ࣬ҲҪдЩº÷誾ɡûԼȶࡣ
ֻЩׯǡ
Щô誼Լ¶ڡȻǰ˵˱˴Ҫ̹ϵģ²һ
Ĭһᣬׯ˵誱ܷʲô㶼Ը˵
֪ûʲôǱʱƻˣ볢Ƶζ˭֪ǾƵζҲСľͺȶˡ˵꣬ԺۣЦʣƵǲǴҵӡ󣿡
ûУҲܹԡׯְ̧ϵͷ誵ûôˣľƾ˫ɣһ塣
ŶһΪһˣƷ衣誶ԹȥСʱ¶ǲˣ˯ˡ˯ɡ
Եȣȥϴ衣ܿׯһЩһЩ
ãҵ㡣졣
ׯϴϵѾ˯ˡ
ȥ¥ȡ˱ˮ§ڻһû˯šϸĥ調ܷ£ʺʱ꣬ûʱϵʽ
˵ˣ課ǸйأǺʱֱӰ誴ߣ˸
ˣʰɣϣܽ¡


 59 

ڶ, ۣͷѡ
ֻ˻, ۡ˸׼𴲣ȥϴ
һ첲ס, һ΢ɳƵˣǲͷۣ
誷۵Զ, ţͷۡׯʦ, Ƶľ, ûа취⣿
, ţȥŪׯ˵
, ׯʦˡ誹ɵ˵
ׯȥ, ϶ٸʵףӰԲȥ
ҪѺʱ
иֵ⣬ׯĿǰ, һҲ
취֪顣鷢չ
ţۣ̫Ѩ, ˼·Ȼһ΢š
ûãׯͽˣ
, ׯˮڴߡ
ʲôɻ
µķˮҳˣر𡣡ׯһˮڴͷϡ
ӵؽӹ˴뱭
ȻׯѴͷϵһˮݹˮһ㣬Գ嵭ζ
誴סۿ΢ȣŵ˵ׯôôϸģΪϲĶ⻹һˮ
ȱɻᡣͷܺõ㡣
誺ˮӵ£ˣǰȶˣ˭չ㣿
һˣҪչˡ
²Ů㻹Լ¥ݷˮԺչ㰡調ŵЦ˵
ȻׯĻ
ãۣ㰴Ħһͷׯ˵誣ϣ󱳵ͷĦ
ׯʦ㻹ľһ߱һ߸̾
誱ǲǷʲôܸ𣿡ׯ˻ʡ
һû˵Ȩһ£˵˾䣬˵С£Ƚٸ˵㲻õģҲԼԿġ
ƭׯ
ׯûǿãҪҵʱ̸˵ʲôʱҶڡ
ţ֪ҽ˻˵ġģΪҵѣһᾡʹġЦ˵ֵɡ
ʮһ㣬ʱǮסһڶȥϰ࣬ǿ賿ׯ
ɣƿ˷ܣһʱ˯šϿԶ˯ᡣ
ãĩûмƻׯʡ
УԼ˽ԷأҪӰࣿ誱ʣͷİĦ
ռҪһ¡꣬ȥ㡣ׯԭǴʲôҲȫ誵ģʱ䲻ࡣҪȥͻ˸˵ǡ
ã֪ʲôʱ꣬ʱҴ򳵻㰲æ㡣ĥһЩ¡
Ŀǰׯ֪
***
ʮ㣬ׯҳ課ûȥҼҡǴȥһҲ
ᣬ調ʼ˼ȻҪʲôͬʱҲ˻裬ŲܵȻʲôҪ侲
˻ᣬƿǸĩ
û¡Ǯء
誰Ѳ˵ݸǮЦ˵ȿʲô
Ǯû˼ˡ
Աȥû飬żɽҽ㣬֪һЩׯ¡Ҫ¡
ã֪ʲôֻҪĶ㡣Ҿ֪û˵Щ¡ңҲ˵Ǯû⣬϶Ǹׯйء
ϴׯҾ֪ȥˡ⼸ֺæһֱû鷳㡣˸ڣ֪ׯҪ¡
ţҲ֪˵ʣҴһشĶҿĺ˽ģܻׯԺĲ̫һǴ˵ȥģʵǮǰ͡
ׯ֢Ҫշʲôĵ⡣
ġǮѿڶȽϸӣȫ˵꣬ҪһᡣҾ˵
û£Ҳʱ䣬㲻ʱĻ˽ϸһЩ誸ܵǮĳء
˵˵ļͥɰɡǶӣһͬĸ˫̥ܵáСûǸҵõһػһʮʱ֪Ǯͷһ˵
Ϊʲôô˵調Ǯŵʡ
ׯҸҼҸӳʶˡѧ֮ǰͬһѧУܶʱͬࡣû˱Ҹ˽ĳɳʮ꣬ȥ棬һΣҼǵڡǮͷ䡣

죬ҿˣкЦúܿĸ˵ׯˮӳתͷˣɫһ¾ˡľһ˲䡣һ뻹Цҳˣһɫͷǳѿ
ҵʱˣǿׯûʲôӦҵһ֪ҷΧʲôġ֮ǰӦҲУʱ̫С۲졣ǮһĻ˼ʱгôã̫
ʱׯһֱӡԺУÿ̲ס񺮡
Ϊʲô誱ŵûǮ󲻳Ǹʲô
Ǯûش𣬽Ǹ棬¥СׯΪʲôǸ飬ǲˣׯס˵һֱ컹100֣û
ҾòԣǵʱСҲ˻ᣬĵܵûˣ¥ЦֺСѧ۲ۣӶ
Ǯͣ˻ᣬҡͷ̾ˣׯֻһʲôûһѧУ˴ˣǷǶԴؼҾ͵ñСһСݾҳҵ䡣
ľ
ʵڻһʼׯԴˡᷢ˫̥ܵһȥȼ٣ȥǸһȤ࣬ȥϿΡȫҸףһׯһûСǮ˵
ͬʱҲǳۣ󲻳СׯôȹЩ˹ӵġ
Ǯ˿ˮ˵ׯĸ׳Ӧ꣬ҲûĹһ굽ͷҲ˵ϼ仰ׯ˵ϲ٣Ŭѧ٣ܾ͸ɫǾϲĸҲһ
ս˫֣ͼǸʲôͥΧ
ǮЦЦЦΣΪܾǼҳƫİɣܵñСƫСġкҲôƸСһֱʮꡣ
Ϊʲôô𣿡һͷˮ̲סϡ
ΪׯġǮ̧ͷأһֱׯʮ֪һøġ
ׯʮ꣬ܵñС꣬ʮĺ˵ڵĻҪ˾жˡҲֳֻׯ䡣ǮŬ䡣
û룬˵
ׯΪһûҵʲôҲ̫ǵˡȻ˵ׯҪׯ˵ûáׯģ󺰴УׯҰ֣С͵˵ң̹жԶԶ
ׯ˵Ǹӣ誴ôׯġ
ׯʱΪׯ˵û⡣ƽʱׯׯͶܲׯׯͬ硣Ϊﶼ˵ׯģıķҪŵܵãû롣
Ǽ֮أʡ
ׯʱΪÿЦһ죬ź̬ȥ裬һˮ֪Ϊġ˵ѾˣȨ֪Լ
誵ɴۣе㲻ţ˻ʣׯʵʮļͥ䱩
Զֹֻͥһ档ҲΪЩͻȻΪϰˣϰǺܿµ¡Ӧֹꡣʮɣͱ֪һЩＯŵĹɷݡʮ֮ǰɼ໤˴֣ʮ꣬ԼСܳΪЩɷݡǮﶼΡ
誾ԼĳѪ磬ʣΪʲôô˵
ׯׯϸӣҲׯĸ˹ϵʱмһʱ䣬Ȼׯϸ˷һҹ飬ׯǮЩ¡
ʼ֪ԷУׯϲԷû£ׯϼŶ³Ҳׯүү⣬ҪѡµĽӰˡúܶ࣬ҶǸλá⼯Ź涨ֻҪׯϵѪֵܷٵĹɷݡ
Ʋ⣬ׯϾöԷׯˣΪׯ˵Ϊһ߳ġ
ţׯϸ˶ԷܴһǮֻҪõׯΪ˸ѡ٣ǰһʸׯġ˵ʱͱȾˣ֢໤˺ܾòŻǮ˵
һĺΪ˴ﵽĿģֶΡ
Ϊׯׯ΢õ˽Ӱ˵ʸׯĸһǮʧһɶˡǮ˵
̲סʣׯĸ˭
û֪ׯĸ˭ׯ֪Ǹ˺ܶǰȥˡԷҲֻׯ׬ǮĹߣׯҲĴ˭Ǯء
Ҳ˵ׯûԼĸһᡣ뵽Լĸ
ţûźնûСǮ˵
ׯΪԼ棬Ͷׯδ޵ĺӣҲׯĸסΪׯϼ޷νӣм˺ܶౣܹ˶ôΪġׯȢڵӽţܿ˫̥ׯΪֲԼӣҲ׽ׯ
һֱﳹ̮
ʮ꣬һڴױΪǻԡʮ֪꣬ǿ̣ŷԼӳȫǻԡСòΪãǲôǶܶá
̲סᡣһӳͱõĺӣļͥû漣
󣬻ԲУõԼ˷ֺ󣬴ҲӡӰ࣬䳰ȷǷӣǹׯׯ޼ɵʱʱȥݺݴͼ/ɱ̷ˣŸҽǮ䡣
ǮǳܡرǸ֢һ֪ʱ
˴ѧׯסˡʵּͥһ㶼ǿԼѧġׯʵû취ǸҴȥˣֻסҡżȥׯׯ˵ڼ/ɱùˡ
課˲ᣬ˻ûеߵġ
ţԺͲؼˡ˺ܶҩ˺ܾõѯ΢ЩѧûҵˡԾͲˣ궼
ڹ⣬ƣÿ춼ϼලʱ˵ˣҲûںǮͳ˵
Ѿ
Ϊʲôƽһʡ
Ϊ岻áѵʱΨһػˡϣֻҪ˶ͷųһЩ⣬ӱȥ
Ѿˣϸڣȥܲס
ЩֻһԹǿģׯʵʵĴҿĻҪĶࡣ⣬Һ⡣ڣܺúûţҶ漣ܶΣҶҪΪʧȥõˡǮҡͷ᲻ѡ
̸һᣬÿĶ顣
Ǯǰ˵ô仰誣Ժչ˺ׯΪôҾͲ˵ˣӦ
ţ֪лл㣬ʱҪׯ֪ЩˡӦòϣ֪ô誵ͷ˵
֪ׯ˵Щ£һôϣʶôӵһ档֮ǰ˵ģǰúܿģԺҲ㿪ġ
֪Щ£۰ûܹѹ
áĩȥ￴ʱҪдǡǮ˵꣬뿪
һڰ˺ܾãмԱ費֡
һʱôص顣
ׯһУԹɫǸͥġͯഺڱȴ˶Ұء
ЩһҲΪһᡢˡ
˲֮ȻҪźܶ˵⣬ȻƵῴ磬ȻĶԴӴˡû˵һ䲻õĻϴαݣûбԹһ䡣
һֱ誸ԱҪһЩ˿ס˷˫ۣȷ۾ˣ
ûٿҪؼұǸˡ


 60 

Ӳȥ·, ܿգͬʱۡȻʲôûĶǳ, ֮ǰȫաܺ
һ·Զȼһ, ǰͨһƬҫдżµŨңѣ, ֧ڳϣ̧סۡ
, һһ, 誶, ó⳵˾ͣճƼ, һᡣ
³ȥտ, Աߵ׺ǡʱû룬;ʺׯ
˼ſڣóױ, ϸ˻ᣬȷ۾ףױû, ƿš
¥ȥ鷿һׯʦ, ſ˯жͻ
һ
ŽȥţѻСķڲ輸ϣɳϣһֱ˯ŵ˵ķ
ѾƽǳˮһоҪٴû
æͷ³ͼڻ֪
׼ٴʱһɳƵ誱
ѹЦ̧ͷ˵վߵߡ
ˣׯ̧ʱ䡣̫ȷԼ˯˶á
§סĲӣûãôط˯ſ˯ܡ
ŵʱе㳤۾е㲻Ϣᣬû뵽˯ˡׯְ§ԼϣȦסһ£ܻŮܰ㡣
㻹̫ˡǲû˯§סׯĲӣĲ
ûأôׯ΢ͷʡ
ܿİ㣬ĩҲϢׯʦǵȻһ£òã誱˵ḧ밮/϶ϡ
ãôȥׯ˵ű誣׼
Ȼᣬż誰סׯȻ˵ۡ
ţׯ⣬˯ѣе¡
ԣۡ˵˱飬̧ḧۡ
ׯۣߵɳߣ𻨣صߣׯ棬վ
ۡ
ׯۣһЦøʢտһõ¶Сݣü誣һ¸ЦβǶüĿ紵ɡ⣬һƣʹɢȥ
鷿һ
ţ͸һׯʦЦ˫ְѻٵׯǰ
ׯЦŽӹллǵһһˡ
£漴ЦĨȥۣƹߵׯԱߣǰͣҪһӵ
˵꣬Цſ˫ۣͷ΢һ˿ݺš
ׯЦŰѻСķϣ쿪ֱۣӵ󱳣ûһ㣿
ˣûвˡллչ˺ҡ
ɵѾͷҲ˵Щ𣿡ׯһ춼¡Ҫ˽µ飬Ҫ誵˽ա
ˣС£㲻õˡԺһǲȾˣܡſׯͷü졣
ЩⱲӶûġ
ţԺǸ˵ƾܲȾͲȡͷôׯء
ˡ֮ǰ˵Ҿƾ᲻Ҷ㲻̹ϣ⡣
ᣬûʲô
Ŷׯǲʲô㶼֧ңͻȻ⣬ûԵɵġ
ׯĬ˻ᣬڣֻҪ뿪ңҶû
ͣһ£˵һ㲻ˣ뿪ӦҲߡ
֮ǰǿѹȥһ±ƿˣ˲к£һ޺ţׯ˵ʲôΪʲôô˵ΪʲôˣôãΪʲôҪ뿪
ׯͻסܿ췴Ӧǰ˽סޣ뿪˭Ҳ뿪˭
誴Ъ˹һ㣬뵽ЩϢ£ȫղסˣޣʵۣ۵һһġ
誱ޣջظղŵĻׯḧ誵ĺ󱳣
ׯⱲӶ롭ңֻ֮룬ûС𣡡調޺Ű仰϶˵ꡣ
ׯһºۿû뵽һ仰ˣͷᣬ룬ãҴӦ㣬ȶ㡣
һᣬ誽ֹסޣƽ˻ᣬׯסԺʲôҶǳ㣬ǳǳĻҪκ˶ܴеλá
˵꣬ׯ֣ԼĵطѾˡ˭òߡׯҪúüס
еı֤˵ׯ֪Ҫ
ׯˮֻǰֿҵŮ˵ÿ仰޺ŵǹŨҵ
ãҼסˡÿһ仰ˡ誱Ҳ˵ĻҲͷׯѾ誵Ⱦˡ
ȻŨҵôͻȻģķǳж
˻ᣬ˵ׯɣһׯΡ޹Ⱦˮܼᶨ
ûĸʱҪ˲ǿҵһҸļңҪܰļĹȥ
ׯ˼룬Ӧˣ¹˵ǿ϶顣ܸܲһʱ䣬׼һ£
Ҫǵͷá
誱лл㡣ׯǧԻ֡
ׯ󱳣ѡлл㡯ֻɡҰ㡯
Ұ㡣ׯ˵꣬ǻ˲ྱ
誴ׯעȻһǣ֮ǰϸϸ
Ӷͷüë۾ӵ͡
ׯӦ׼ӹȨ
ʳָסĴꡭΣҵġ顣
ŵͷ⿪һһľŦۣ鵭ɫһߡ
һǱУ£һʱ򣬱ׯֹˡ
Ҫׯŵ˵﷭ŸŨҵҪɡ
ԡͷ˵޹ɫ˫۽ϻϸСˮ顣һЩԾԾԵĴ뷨
ҪҲҪ᲻áԣҵġׯ誣ӵָ̧ۣĺףѹ﷭ŵǧ
誱ӵסŻȴסһͳشĳ΢΢誱֮䲻ķʽжҿģҶҵı۰ġҪסģţ
ֻ̧סˣۣͷŷһš
ͷׯʵļͷŴ⣬͸ˮɵ۾Ŵȵ̫ʰ쵵ɫ
˺һᣬɳƵ˵ׯϣȥճɣ
ã֮ǰӦҪȥճˣϵڣǸׯءԺ治ˣģʽѾˣǰһˡ
Ҫô˵ֻͻȻ뿴ˡ誻أҪµĿʼ
ׯ岻쿪ʼ˵µĿʼ
***
ׯģԭ課ۣ׼
ׯ֣ϰһĲˡԺѳؼңϣһҵĸо
꣬ⱻˮֵͣůǰסв˵˵Ŀ󱳣ãһҪ㡣
ׯϸĥһ¸ղŵĳǾò̫һ誱ûʲô£
Ѿˣ㲻õġ£ҸղƸزйذɣÿм죬ҵеꡣӦξ֪ˡ
ûﲻҸ
û޳ͺöˡׯʦǲǺܰޣЪ˹㲻ҿ޵һͿѿҪӡ˵
йһַʽҾúܺáٱáԺ޾Ϳޣù˼ɡׯѲ˷Žˮϡ
Ȼ˵誱޵ʱѿǺܿɰʵԸұ¶ʵʵǶҵϿɡҿԸһְȫС
һû˵ֻ㶵ؿųһǣʵûʲôһַſյ״̬
ׯôôõأ૵˵һ˵
ׯǳǳЦЦ誱㡣
ǲǣʵҺ̰Ҷ԰кǿĽͺϸı׼Ҹоһ˿ķҶˡ˵°ڣĸ档
ġղŸ˵Ҫһ£ʲô£ׯͻȻ
ÿ̶ʱȥȼٰɡһ𣬲Źõʲôȫĵȥ棬òãʡ
Ǯ˵Ļ뵽Ҫ֮һҪֲȱ
ã١ٻ٣Σٲ٣ׯһ˵
٣ÿһܡ̫ϲһˣʲôܿġͷ˲ׯ󱳡
еæûж㡣ڵˣҪĹҶԼ
ţҪׯǽҮóһڵͷЩϸС£ȥʵæ˽ıŵ˵Ķӡ
ׯЦţڿǣȵԡ
ڳ죬żĵ˼»һЦ
ʵ̻ܰѰ˼ңǻһЩѣûΪš
ʲôǶᶨվڱ˴Ǳߣδҡ


 61 

, ĵ㣬ׯˡۣɵ, ˮŨأԤ˵Ƕơ
ׯе㵣Ŀճ, ׼ʱ䡣ʱˣ˸۴, ǻȥɣ˵ճ
˾ǿȥ, ͵һ, ܲܿճ̫ء
һ·, ٣誰ѳһ, д¶ˮƤһ, ͬʱһ㼦Ƥָæϡ
ׯ졣
ׯʦ, Ұ˵ʱ￴ҡϴ󡱸绰˵Ҫӡ
ʱȥ
ţҲһμɡ
ʱסﻹסƵꣿׯתŷʡ
ƵꡣӦòھס㲻ù, ҿӡҪɣ
Ҹܼн顣ЧʸߣҲһϡ
ţá
һСʱ󣬵˵Ŀճĵط
ͣ, ŨˮڱԶߡΧҺСϻ¶飬ˮģ͸
³ǣһС£뿴Զķ羰Ƶɾ˻ᣬֲˮëëϸ꣬˵·ҶմȾˮ
ׯǣ誻صϣֱ̧ܿճˡ
û£ٿ
誱˯ᡣ̫磬˯Ҳ硣
˶ںųϣţͷׯϡ
šղſôõĳһ£Ҹ㰴Ħ
ûׯܾ誾ѹʾȥ
ֻ£誾ʹЦׯʦ޴ŵĴȡ
誴ׯͷҲѨλͻҰһͨȻ򣬼粿ܽӲû£־۵
ׯ׽ס֣󣬡ð˵ʲôž
ׯŴ⣬ճǳˡ
ҲûϷ뿪һŴǵص·ؼ䣬ֻ⴦ܰĵط
Ķܰ
ģߵЬںα360תʹİڵˮ
ҸоԼͥĹһЦ˵
һ顣ׯ˵ű誣ϡ
濪ŵׯ˼ˣͷ̣Сʣ
;쵽һִֻȹ׽ȥˡ
誸æ̧ͷΧ±˿
Ȼ۵
̽˸ɵͷҿǰˣׯе¡
£ҡׯջظ
˻ᣬûסһܿ죬һƵɵ㣬Ȼû취
ͻȻʲôԭţתͷ鿴ʲôǵׯ˿
調Сɴۣ֡׼˵͸о£ʱ޻ſĳ˼ͷ˵
ׯϵˣרһ㡣
誺ۣںϣžС̵ָǵ¶ȡ
ܿ죬һˮ׽복
ķΧ£ийٶŴÿһﶼҰصĴ̼ڳϣˣְ㣬һЩ࣬ڸһЩ
üΣĳ˶ҪŪÿҪеͶһֱͬʱһ
˺һᣬصĺƽȻһ˻ԸеԺǾ
Цͷء
ׯ£֣ſ¡
ҪҺء 
ԡׯ֡
ſׯϣϣԴСȣ죬ôôã
ׯԼۣסϵˣҡŲСĵȥȤ
ЦŶⷽ治ȱ
ׯָ課ӣѹԼǰ̧ͷ˵һ仰
ʱѪס˵˵
Ļ̫Ϊ飬£˵ͺ߳ܡ
ׯסϵˣЦÿɰ
ûûŵСȣߴȡ
˾˻ܿһ˵Ľ⣬ԴȻĸ
һᣬû˵
дŵľȻûճû˿ź
誰ͷׯǱߣܵЩѣ˻ᣬ˵ׯһ仰ܷڵ顣
ʲô
㣬ǧǧ顣
ׯû˵̧֣˴ͷĲСһŨܳëȻ˿̱õʱ̡
ȥ·ϣǰ꣬ƻֺ꣬дУӲϵƣȻֺܿϡ
ʻѾ˯ˡ
С³⣬ׯ³⿪誵İȫ¥
ڴϣ˿յ˯
ȥ鷿һЩ£ЩµͷҪӽٶȡȻ´Ļ⣬ҪǻܴãǺصˡ
***
㣬ȥǮ׼
˵طøҿĵĳ극
ϴΣξڶˡҴܣûиȤʩ
ڶ¥ȣ¥´Ϥ誡
æ̽ͷ˱ߣվһ¥ֲ嶵ׯЦŻأ
ׯתͷ֣誱ȥһط
誻¥ݣһ̨ף̨׵ĵطͣסԹתתָǰյأׯʦվҪӥ㡣
ׯһ¾룬վЦ쿪˫ۡ
ϵ˼̨ףСȻۣûԥǰ㣬һϤĻ
֪ׯס
§סĲӣԺһҪ档
ãֻҪһס㣬Ϳһֱ档
ǵ60ꣿ
Ӧû⡣
誴ЦȻׯȥ
ǿһĻ׷Цˣ˸̾á
ǰܿׯǰ붼¡
ԺҪ誺ܺãΪ

***
ݵأƵӺ棬ߵĵطӡľһȡľܣɫ٣ѣͷһǧ
ߴӢǣƯִŵƤŮٴͷߵͷ΢黨ѩȹڣƮƮޡϦ͸ڵڵ
߸Ь̤ʵȵĽŲһ½һ𣬰ŵǳкܵĽ
ߵͷǧϣߵͷЦʣѿԳ𣿡
ԣҪˮϴһ¡ȥȡˮׯվһ߻ء
òã᲻ԣղų̫ˡ
ǵȻժһЩȥׯͷŶѵһԲ˵
ǳԱ˻ҪȥᵴǧЦ˵ׯʦȥɡһֱǵģǵе㲻˼ˡʱ˵ң
ãͷҿʲôʱʡׯӦ
Ѽ£죬ǧ
£⴦вһķ羰
ֱ誵ֻ
誣ϷҪӡڵ绰ͷ
ðһ£ͻȥ
ׯǣ誻ݣϷׯȥķơ
ƴɱķǳ𾢣Ӯ˼ѡ
;ϷͣϢҪһЩȻټ
ţ׼ȥϴּ䣬̧ͷͿ˿ׯΧΧżѡ
ֻׯɫࡢ䣬˪һ˫ʢ˷ŭ
誻ûׯһ첽ߵߣס䷢֣ŵʣׯʦôˣﲻ𣿡
ׯһû˵誸żׯǣܸҷʲô𣿡
ȵͷһׯ˵˰ɡ㲻˵Ҳ֪Լ
żɻ󣬲Լһ룬תֱׯ˫Ȼûп
ׯҡܳܵסԴǼв๵̬ȡ
˻ᣬׯ̧ͷǰһŽˣ誱ûáʹࡣ
Ȳ˵Щ˵ʲô¡ɿׯ֣
ׯѵֻݸ誡û˵ڡ
誽ӹֻһ̵š
̶һ֣Ǽ˵δ
лҪ˵㣬ǧǧ顱ȡԡ׷ݵˡһ顣



, 課⣬򶨣˾, Ӧ𣿡
ׯһ룬ҡͷܡҪׯҡ, ҲȢˡܡ
Ǿû¡ء
㲻ׯüͷšǰݵˡĵľ誣ûԸϵ֪ԼҪȢ, ֱ
ɱҲˡ
ׯڳѶûŪ誵ķӦЩѸղ, ׯ, ﳤȥ׼
ղڴ, иˢֻšׯæȥ˵绰ׯϣȷ顣
Χׯ, ô±жӦĴʩ, 誾ͳˡ
ׯǰˡ
ׯɫ䣬ôˣβסĵĺ;š˵ͨˣΪʲô⼸誵ô
΢ЦŻ, Ӧʣôˡ
誱ׯһ˫ü, ȫһͷˮ
ô۸ңƵ΢Ц˵÷й⼸Ѿ磽ˡ
˵ʲôˣׯʱޱȷŭܵˮ̫˽ׯ, ʱ˵û۸˴򽻵û۸Ҳĵ¡
˵Ҫ˳ȥҪߡ誼̻䡣
ûӦҸֲ֮֮֡ǰ˵ҪԭͥʱҾͲµӦΪ¡ԣϢûϡ
ϸؽֻͣÿ仰͸¶ļֳ˶ޱȶݡ
仰޷һ
ׯһգգ誣ͼıѰһ㲻ĵĺۼ
ǣûС
ȥ죬ԼúȾϲķʽǶµۡ
黹ûн誽˵Ļ˶Ȼ¡
ׯְ̧ƽš˫ü
ׯһҪ㡣ԭҲӦׯ֮ûסȻ꣬㲻Ҫòãǰ͡
áׯѾ˵ˣӦ誷ŭ£еעߡ
Ǯˣ˽˺ܶ顣֮ǰ˵ȫٸ˵ҵȲˣǮҰܡ˵עׯ˫ó˿ڷ
ḧ󱳣侲
ׯ˵֪Ǯ˵̶ֳˡ
誽˵֪ļͥһСֳɳ֢ԭ˽ĲǺܶ࣬Щ㹻ˡϸڣȥ
ǲǱŵˣׯʡܿѹۡ
һ㣬ǵ֪ۡԼ˵϶ؾᡣׯҪ֪ЩĹȥ˽Щ֪жãжˡ˵
ׯҡͷǣԭԡ
û˵꣬ͱʳָס촽
ûԭûм衣䷿ȷϵʱҾ͸˵㾭ʲôҶܡٸһ仰أ·⼸Ƶᣬ˴ŵһЩ¡
Ǵ˿ȫΧǣԼһܴ谭ֻǷʽ˵ϡ
ׯֱɫ˫˿Դ飬ǻŭܡ𡢵ǣȫûƽʱ򶨺ǣҲƶϲҪ˵ʲô
ׯǷᣬҸĻ
أը˿ؽŵķΧ
ڳѣеתеĵͷеʳû뿪
Ҫһʱֿĸ顣ûйѪûĻңûЪ˹Ŀ޺еֻֻжԷصµʱһĺͺޱΡ
ׯֻһƬžʲô춼ûУֻ仰俴ִޱȼᶨŨҰĻ
ǰûУδҲбͷĻҲ»ӯȻµ龰
ŮԶϡдǻۣгߵ̣һȫռġ
ǰһסׯ֮ǰĵʱһ˳󱳡
ׯһ侲ҪżҲ뿪һ⡣ȽãҸһңòã
ȫǷĳ
ЩӦ˵ĻȴǰŮ˵
˿ֻ̣ʣм޵İ
Ůֻ˰ʱȥ28ꡣ
ׯ̧֣סˣþ
ȫ硣
ղŻĲѵǣᶼĬĬ뿪ѿռ¡
˻ᣬе㴭ˣׯ󱳣Ҫˡ
ׯæɿһЩǰ˻סû֡
ֱ˻ᣬ˵ǻ㷿Ϣһ°ɡ
ׯɿˣǣ֣յýġ誸оֱյЩۣû˵
˷䣬ܶ¾ˡ
ңǮʲôʱʼģʡ뵽ЩׯҵĳҲʱϢء
䷿ʱҵʱڹ⡣ׯ˵
ׯǵãʱڹ⣬ڸ
һǮ绰˳˵ׯԼ׬ĵһǮ˸ӣһ䣬عֱסǼԶ㣡
꣬ģܸжǡԺһҪúллǡ
û£ÿлҸʶܶ꣬໥֮æׯǣɳ¡
誵ͷбţׯ
˻˵誱Ҹһ¡
˵
ѾʦһͶⷢȿһ¡ׯóֻ˵
ҲԼͺáҡͷ˵
˵йء
˵˵ݡׯŦۡ
ڵķɲԭͥϵֻͨԼΪׯ˵м̳ȨׯҡׯᵽбȽҪһ㡣
̳ȨˣͲԷصľׯׯҡ
֮ǰׯʦ˺ܾãͼѰҸ׵ԭͥķֻҵ
ŶǾ˵һ⵰ĵʡ
誵ôׯЦЦᡣҪջϵжҲ¡֮ǰѾ׼ˣһֲƲǮʱʽת¡Ժʲô򡣡
ҲҪǮǮת㡣ûЩйׯڣÿ¹Ƕٰ꣬ׯ
⡣
ûע
誶ʱֻ̯֣ҿʶš
ׯֻݹȥ
誷˷ֻׯѻҶ˺ܶࡣǱѹեĿʦ㿴ǮķϣҲҪŬְơ
û£ְĽͿҪģĲǿ󡣡ׯ˵ǻ˵Ķ
ֱʱŴӸղŵĺŻ񾲵ĲֻѾԲҲûκ˺Ҫõġ
˻ᣬׯֻе绰ֱӰϣҹ˻
課⡣
ĵ绰ӡׯ֪ȥĵ绰ӦᡣѯһһǷͬţ
֮ǰһֱûз׼ȴãٸϵ˽½Ҷ档
ûҪ֪ȻǸ˺̼Ǿ͹˺
Ǻݺݴ˵ʲôӦȫںˡ
ֻ۰ˡ
ͷǻˣׯ˵Ҳо仰Ҫ˵
ʲôרעľŦۣĲֺ
誣ҵ˼ֵá
лҪ˵󲿷²඼ˣ֮谭ҲɨˡʣʺûڷⲹϡȻİ϶дġ
˵һǸⲻܱ֤ոˣ²ʱҪԪæдⱾĺ˴е㾫áΪ˱֤֮ѱ֤ոⱾС˵һᾡᡣ
дͼѡдΪ2020̫ħˣдůĹ¡ҲԸŮдı΢ĸдƾеİ¡дϣ㽳ΪŮһׯѣȻĿǰޣдָо֮Ŭѡд֢Ǵ˵˽ĵģø˽š
ϸ汾ĳһԥҪŴҡڿΪд裬д˵ĳĳ߶Ȳ̫ðѿءҲõȣ֮󻹼ǵⱾ飬ȥȫһ¿дϸ棬һʾܱǸ
ллһ·飬ллסȡ֧СɰǣиСɰҵרͶʯллмСɰ׷Ҽ飬Ҷע⵽ллĬĴ
רļԤģҸȤĻղһ°ɡ
һдټ㣬ֻϲܻģĻӲˡܰ衣һʵȺģݻⱾḻ漰Ķȫ档ڴĻרղһ£Ļ~

 63 

ʮһ, ʼʱ䣬ׯ誶û¥ׯҲĬûǡ
ɳţ졣ӿŵѾȥСʱ
ׯ, Թ𣿡⼸Сʱ˽ׯɳĸϸڣһûޡ
ûУֻż÷̡ׯĬ˻˵
̣ׯ, ͷ򢣬⡣
ʱԼĳͳɳЦԾ÷̡
, Ϊʲôׯû֪ϢʱһʱͰׯҡ
Ϊġ
ԼΪһ߳ȻΪ˰ǵĿ׷ĳļֵ
ǷǵҪЩǮ, ֻǲԼûõĹ߱ӵʵ̳ȨǱԼׯΪĹߡĳ, 뱻ɹ, ְԼһߡ
˵ס
ׯʶ, ˳ӻǷҲ֪𰸡
, 滹Ҫɣ˻ʡ
ҪôҲȢˡ誱㲻õġׯŴīҹɫء
ֻ, ֻỳ˸ղŴжҪ鲻١
ҲģáҪҰæ˵ǸҪջȥ, ԰ȥҰָ˷ӣٰȥ·סԺҲǣ
ӲᱻջȥǰʱѾѷǮд֡ׯ͡
Ŷ, סķ
ʱǣ֮㡣Ľ;мʹе㸴ӣ֮˵ׯǰʱһֱĴЩ¡
ׯ誽֮ǰæ¡
󣬷˻ղһ˵ǰĲƲջȥҲû£ҲôΪˡƾʲôջȥĳǵĶԶԶЩջȥǲɵ
˵꣬ׯվܷŭˡ
ׯְḧĺףǲֵ誱洦ЩҵĻҪתµģ㵽ʱһ¡
ãҲܵġ˻ᣬӦ
֪УġׯЦ˵
ЦׯɻŦۣǽ첻ȥסһɡ
ã
һ㣬е˷ܣ˯š
£˯ŵĻҸߡҪϰ࣬Ϣáׯء
ϴ꣬誻Ǻѣׯôߵķ˯˻ᣬƤʼܣûþׯº£˯ˡ
ׯ˯ĲЩ£Ҫűǩֽڴͷȥ
Ȼߵ¥ݿڣͿ˿ׯϺͼλλϵʢŭԶ׼
λΧΧׯǣׯ֣ȿ첽ӭȥڶ¥¥ݣСͣһˣ취סһ£Ҫȥ㡣
ׯأлл鷳ҿ誣Ҫǽӽ˯
û⡣ǶڣҪʲô֪һ
ׯͷ¥˿ׯ϶¡
£ׯ˦һֽӵ輸ϡ
ׯû֪ʲô򶨵ػأȻô
֮ǰҪһ£ҪôճڸҪ˵ׯϵʱׯ㱻ı
ǷǰʹԸԸ⣿ׯŻظ
²Ҫͬ⣬ԸԸ⣬ýܣׯŭ
ǰһǸˡҪιһӷԣҪ벻԰ɣׯþȫ͡
Ϊׯˣż׳󡣡Ĭõĳޥڡׯڲ֪ºʮġ衱Ǹˡ
ҵˣׯüʡ
ׯׯˡ»ᡣ
ׯأΪʲôĲׯˣׯʣĵͬ
ȱˡǾ˵£Ҫô죿ׯϿׯʡ
Ҳҵҷ˼̳Ȩǻô죿ׯء
ǲΪ誣»廰
ׯתͷų»˫Ŀ絶棬ɫһܵˮŮѣ
֪Ĳ࣬Ҳ㹻µļѧࡢһŮѲѵǰƣ»һɻ벻
ĩֲһ䣬Ŷˣһ㡣ŮѵƤӱµϴؼһˡȻС˼ңûﾡǱġ
ׯȭ֣ǽڷףɨ۶ˣóֻ˼ļׯϣλ˼ҽ̳ŮͶʲôġ
ׯֻļ˲ģ
»æùׯֻƬʧɫʳָָׯ϶αģҵĺӿ϶ǻ͸ˣ
Ƶͷׯû棬ڴеƵļ
ׯյƵ˴һ˻ᣬɫ
ô»ڽ⡣
ׯһû˵Ŷλ
Щׯ˴ǮŪֵģ򲻵ѲóʵڲĿߴ磬ۡ
ׯϼöͷðĲ輸輸ϵļˮ𣬴𣬡ׯҪʲôڼһֱĬԵĶᳬ
ԺҵŮѺδӡҪԳݣһ˶һİءǷʦԱǩʽԼԺ塣ׯһһ䣬ص
ôأ»ĵ˾䡣
ǿֻһС֣иĿϡʱܻСׯƵ׼
һ֪Щ̸вף˶׼иҪάģʲôֶΣ⡣
»æסĿڣɫҰס
ׯһû˵ǳׯ˻ᣬ쿪ڣ㲻ҿԴӦһ
ׯ㡭»
ׯϰס֣ʾ侲ɿׯع˾ϰ࣬Ļѡ񡣡
ղׯ侲šֶԼʱׯϹĿ࿴
Ҫ֪Щϱôף϶ׯׯ˹ġׯڳΪԼ̸е룬ׯӻֺеׯʺϵӰˡ
»ˣɫһ󣬺һŤͷׯϣŭĿӣҾӦׯϣҪǵôλģһȫг
ׯû˵û̬Ŷλıݡ²ܽ
ׯͷ۲ѣ侲˻ᣬ»ŭ˵Ҫô
»תͷׯðȫûƽĶׯЩȫ٣סȫҿԲ뼯Ź
ׯɳĬûһ˿鿴Ŷ档Ŀûκϣö˸ͷԡ
ׯûзղŵ뷨Ҫӳ飬˳ų»˼УһׯϣȡҪ̳ȨȻ
»Ȼ֪ׯϵ˼ׯУܽڶҪ̳Ȩͬһ
˵꣬ӰһļƸׯûĻͰǩˡ
ׯ£ļۣˣֽ˦輸ϣе˼Ҫ»
»ׯǩ÷ׯκʽĹɷݺʲ̳У
ļׯʦݵģׯǷ̣ǰ·ϸϡ
ׯۣĴ׼֧ʡ»˵Ӱóһ֧ʣ̬ӵ輸ϡ
ʿĵ輸ڿĿϷصڷŵͨڵŷ쿴Ƕ£׼ʱȥׯ
ׯͷЦЦסҪȥıʣɴЭǩ֣ƸλȻߣ͡
ûʲôҪ˵ˣҲûʲôüƽϵˡ
Դˣһж
ׯת׼̧뿪ʱסǣ鷳λȥתǵĺӣԺǵ誵鷳һֶζԸǡ
ƽֻǱ˵ÿַ·ðźֳ⡣
ʹݺ̳ׯ϶ֱͦס
ׯûٶͣǵ¥ϵҲżĻš¥ûٸһ
***
¥ϣβһյܰůƵƣһůһ£ߵߣ˯ˣġ
ڴߣͷһ񾲵˯ա
˯еһ䣬ׯȥˣҪҡ
ģ㳳ˣׯء
ûȵش˯е˷˸ĺ󱳣۲ѡ
æϴӵõˣԺֻҺ㡣
һģ˯ӢĲúܿġ·һΣμׯһᣬżصˣת˸ֿˡ
̧һС棬̴̵ĴУָ˯񾭡һ¸ƵģĦ
ָ˯˵촽ʱͻȻָסűҧסŵ۴С
ڰ˸߲ҵؿ㣬һĵȥˣһںסֻֿš
侲ɱ۵ˣյߣ㣬û
иģҪҪׯ׽סղźΪһڡ˯ѵԴɳƣĥϵֲִڸУһ
ׯʦҪϰءѡ
ׯͷϵֱƿƤʱ䣬һ̣ҿһ㣬ʱü
˵ֿ꣬ʼֻ۾ֱˣǺܣճӳһ컴ɫ
һϷˣҪˣȻûϰࡣ
·˯һˡׯջظ
ọ̈̄˫򣬲ҷ
ׯ״˵˻Գܺáû
ʵûסԼ
ϣһֱǳ֡˸ÿһ鶼ǳáʱ򼫾ᣬʱִвһĴֱˡ
ķ棬ǳԸ⻨ܶʱ;أһȡ
ֱȥϴ˸衣Ȼٶȣʱ仹е㲻ữױˡ
誼ȣׯǣ¥
һ¥˴ŹǷ˵һҲ֪˭һҾͱˣôҲ˯š
Ҳˣȷ˽ôôеèа
Ǯë޵ĶˣôЩ
ҲҰè

誶ʱǰˣָݺݿֱֵֻ
ׯû⣬Ҳû˵ǰߣ˴èУҿˣܺÿһֻè
誣
Թ緹ѧУ·ϣ˫ֽ˺ܾã濴һֻèˣ
ỵ̂īһصͷţˡ
ʲôɫèе㲻ȷˡ
ɫͨѩףǳÿ
´˸˵һҲ誼ׯƽ͵ĸƽһˡ
ׯ˰ѷ̣ѳͷ誱˯ᡣ
Ŷׯʦˡ˵꣬ۡ
һ̵·ڣׯ˻èһ˯ˣǡ
صѧУ³ѧУ
յһϢһʱ嵽ׯ칫ҡţֱŶ롣
Ÿմ򿪣һ誡ֻǴҲϤе


 64 

誣ׯ칫ļʹŶܾ̫ȷ誡ϴʵҿ, ſ֣˫Ư鶯ɫ۾һġ
ɳϵׯ΢üɨ˶ļʹһ, ſڣ¶ۼ˵, ʦ£
Ű֣ɴۣԭصѸٷӦ, ҡͷûʲô¡˼, ˡ
ô˵̫, û¸ôżæŵĽ, ȻֲϣǸ, ׯڣĹȻô
Ѿˣׯʱ߳űߡ
һ̳, ˵һַԼӲѯҲ鵽ˣȷַס誽͡
ǸѧȻŰӡѧȦĴӡ·дı飬Ľ
絽˰칫, ĸɻûһԭǵĹȻȥһѧ̳Ļ鿴˿, Ȼ󿴵һַ˵֪
誾ͱһԵ̬ȣԼĹȻ˺շһ, ˿Ŀš̳ķףˣ
Ĵһ£վˡСס죬ŵĻǸɵЦ
Ϊ֮ǰûϣСԣǹٷ뿪¿ջϲһԲ߶ʮһ嵽ׯ칫ҡ뿴ǲҲԲ鵽Լ֤Ŀˡ
û뵽ׯ칫ˡ
鷳㰴ַҲһ¡ׯߵű˵ͬʱĸһ͵
ʹ״ׯڣǽ۵Ĳˡȥʵˣʵ˽
ׯתͷá
̧ǰ˼ڳطüʹȥ
ȼʹȥׯţǣ誵֣ߡ
Ҹղ̫ðʧˣӦȸ㷢Ϣû˵ġ誷˼
û¡Ŀǲˣ
ףҵӦˣ誻ء
ߣׯ£調۰칫ң׼֣ȥһӹһ룬˾ͱׯ𣬷ϡ
誱ׯȦڻ쳤ֱ۴˵ԣȻһȵ鷳ʦҲһ¡ҵĿˣϽ㡣
Ŷʲô誸ҳʡ
ҪĶ㡣
ҺûʲôҪġׯʦ˺ź롣ɿ꣬㣬ڿʵ/
ׯ˺źʱͷƫһߣûˣе˽Ҫء
ׯν誱ҶûܣЩ㶼֪
ãҲ֪ʱ̲ס˺ţľѣˮ֪ׯУܴ
ׯЦЦúṵַ̂ѯ
෴§סׯĲӣҺܽţҲšѯ߿ɼһ
û£û߿ɼׯػء
ţ
ͨǰ¼ȡģ߿ֻ˸
誷˸ۣĸ첲ᣡճѹ
ȥ롯֡ׯһػأ·̸ĳѧ⡣
ճ㡭û˵꣬ȭͷ첲Ӳļĵۡ
һֱѧ԰ɣׯù誵֣˰Ȼ§סԼǰ˴ͷĲ
ǣѧѧԣر࣬˵ȸ顣˵ţŤס꣬ʼ֮ǰĲ裬һ㿪ԽԽţֱҪĵɤˡ
Ľ棬誴յǰϸ˼飬ȷûָĻŤͷŴЦݣׯʦⶼˣ
Ҳˡϲʦׯ˵꣬ǻˡ
û˼ׯ첲£ˣ˰
ôôǿԱʢ簡
ţ֪ˡ ׯ۵ԣ誱̰ɣ
Ϊ
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١ϢڼŵĹƱǻ᲻ϧ۴ҲׯʱʱǹġԷҲֻΪ֪̬ȣ˽ܶš
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ׯĬ˻ᣬۣҴ֡
誴Цʱ³Ҿ֪ׯҪһӵġҷǳϲɡ׿ԽҺ
ׯüǶչβ̣紵棬һȦȦˮƣ滺
誱ιȻˣ֮ɹͬϽѹСһ˰ɣׯȽҪ⡣
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誵ͷ˼˻ᣬڿԲ˵Ժ㡣
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誱ʵôǳȥ档
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ׯûֻͣ˵ȥ
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һЩ¶Խ䣿óֵģλŮׯŷԱʾ誡
ԱЦλԵȣõ곤Ӵλ
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ܿ곤ϰɫףӱչó¶Խ䡣
׷ܴһǹ͵ĸ̡һ䣬һʯָ
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誱ûϲģׯƫͷ誵ķӦͼƲϲһ
調˱飬ҡͷҪ¶ԽЩ̫ݻˡ֮ԿЩͨ򵥵ľͺá
ׯ˼˻ᣬͷתͷԱ˵鷳һЩʽ򵥵ǶĶԽ
˻ᣬ곤Ƽ˼ͱµĶԽ䣬һȦɣмһЩмеͼӱƸС
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ׯЦ˳֣Ϻ誰ֲֻŷһִӲͬǶȿ˺һᡣ
һֻǽڷ޳ĴֺһֻԲаС֣һֻĽָţǳۡ
곤Ļæ˵ܸλĸ𣿼۸ǿԴۿۡ
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Ťͷׯ§סĲӣߵգƵʡǮ
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죬Ǯȥһˡʱ֪жǮԺׯ˵
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ׯż⼸䡣˽ӦûĹۡ
Сſڣֹͣ߶߶ˡһ⣬Ϊʲôֻϣʵ᲻̫ɣҾڼˡ
죬ϰ߾ͺáöָӰסׯͣ³תͷ誣ȥʵҲϡҪȡ
ʵҪƵϴ֣ܻᱻŪ
誱ҵģҪȡׯȰ⡣
ܴ𣿷ǵô֣֡
ڴ֣Ժ󻻵֡
𣿡ΪֻвָͬûҲв
ָǶ飬ָҲԣҾͲˡׯһ˿ҡ
ߣеʽУң򣬲ޣĹĵ˵׼³
ׯЦӵסеġӦøҪؿշһ㸣
誸Ǵ˵ܼҵ˲Ҫοͱס
Ͼŵ㣬·ߣ·£ӰͶ·ߣΪ⴦һεĻ
ڳǵңֻǴǣͬһϡᣬע顣
һĺܶζµ㣬ֻǽⲻһյĴʱٵΣ
ǻۺǽ·ϵĨƽǣ֣һǰ


 65 

˼, СֶȺϢϣȵʵ飬Ϣ
ͬ־, ҪȥȾƣǶң.JPG
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춼ԼסׯӲǿҪȥסȫԼ뷨
áȥ㡣ú棬罻ȦҲҪǷǵҪҡׯǻ˷
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ᣬûʲôġ
Ŷʲô룬ǽЩӣׯûҪ˵ɫĶᡣ
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ϴǴΣׯӦˡǾǷһ˵ϣþ취ºĥʱֵׯ˼
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ʮʱҪҸԵǿơ˸ǿҵıͰҪַǳҡ̼໥ڵȥİ顣
ڶʮ꣬һҲҪ˺Ͱ飬ֻҪרһ˸һ޶ĳ谮
һܸоԼΧůĹţʱֲ֪ںδĸоǻعͷˣֻǳ̤ʵ
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 66 

ĩ, һȥׯǱߡ
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12
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ãˣʱü誱Ҫæׯкõţ⡣
ãʲôæֱͦˣʱԼôˡ
һЩˮ̡һЩ߲һ߲ɳׯԸ
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ׯ֮ǰһЩׯϼŵĹɷݣֻǰʱΪ˰ׯңˡ18꿪ʼЩɷÿķֺͷǳɹۣЩǮֱӽ˻ġǰ˵һ˻Ǽ˺ź룬Ǯǿãν
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誶ׯ˽⣬֪˵ʵ顣
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극һʰòͳ뿪ȥͷ˯ڿӰҶ
ׯû
Ǯߵׯߣߣȥ鷿Щ¸ǽӡ
鷿š
˲ţǮ򿪵ԣָһݱ˵ׯʲȽһ£Ȼ´ǣͷԼϸ
調۱еǹɷݡ𡢷һЩֽ
˸ܾˡ
ȻǮѱ棬һ
調ΪԼۻλһ֣˲ס
Ǯ˵誣Ҫ֤Ϣпš⼸׷ʱҪȥĴһ¡
ûظׯתͷɵˣգ誱
ôǮ㶵ʡ
һѾׯջȥˡʣµġׯ͡
ҲǺöࡣָͷŸʮǧŸղŵ֡
á誱Щ㸸׸귿֮ٹ㡣ƱţĿǰвȽϺáֽĻת㡣ôСׯ͡
ҲưһҲôһǮŻĻšԼšʵ˵ȻһֱȱǮҲûôǮ
Ǯû˵
ׯ˼˻ᣬָŵԣǮתĿпţŴЩ˲پ
ǮҡͷáһܲûȱǮתǡ˵ԼЦ
Χʱ˲١
˻ῪڣҲҪôࡣׯһЩԺ㻹ҪûǮô
ׯ誵ҵ˻ǮЩ֮ǰׯתߵǮʱڲתҵ˺תʡ
˵꣬ׯǮʹ˸ɫϡ
Ǯͷһ誣ġ°ɣҲ˽ᡣԺԼƹܡҾͲׯˡ
Ťͷׯ̫š
£誱ȻׯҵǮģ֮ǰĹɷӦõķֺ졣ûκ·ǮǸõһѡׯȰ⡣
Ȩһ£յͷ
ǮǴһ£ʼ
˻ᣬյǮһξеļſǧء
һֱǮ뿪誶ûӦ
ϣڴϣùǮ޲öܵ鷿ׯ䣬ѼſŽȥ
ׯڣûֹ
ڴ˺ܾã˯ţоΥʧҪˡ
Ҹߣׯסͣˡ
ãҾһǮˡԲ˯調컨˵
ׯͷͷЦᡣ˯
ׯʦҾɸˣ課ſǰ˵
ǳǮĹׯ˻˵
ҲǣǸţͳ˱ҰС/ǹǰˡоܲһܻ𳵣ͷҴܡ
˯ȻҪȡжˡׯĳЩǿġ
ׯİʾ뵽ۣǹԹԱۡ
ׯʦ
ҵĹ㡣
лҪ˵ǸΪҪһ棬Ҫ׼ûʱдģ֮죨11.17,11.18û¡½Ŭո

 67 

µ, 誵ĻˡΪûе󣬺ܿ˻Ʊ
磬ׯȥӡ
һ·, 誶ģ޲㵸пûҰˣ
һʱ䡣ׯɲ, Ⱥ̵ơ
˵ֻһܵļ٣ȥ·죬ʵֻ졣ʵٺܶ, ǲ뿪ôáָͷп
мһֱû, ׯҪΪú̸һ¡
Ҽǵúһ, ûðְֳƺ㸸, Ǻϴ󡯣ׯ֮ǰһ¡
ţҺܶʱ򶼺ϴ, ΪеƬĺ//ϴҵĳͬѧǸţҲŽ˺ܶꡣ誼̽͡
ׯĬ˻, ԥһ£Щѵؿڣ㸸׺ף
Ц, ֪ׯķӦҰ־ǳף˺ܺ, һҲסʵһǼܸ֮ܵˡ
̵ţǰС
˺һᣬׯ, 誱ǲе᣿
ţ誵һ˵һûӦŤͷʻҵˣһ£ҡͷӦûСûҸҰѡϲ㣬Ұһ˳㲻Ҫ롣
ţҲû¡Ұ㵱ŮׯúֻܿҪһֱ߾Уʲôݣûϵ
ҪҲҪҵŮһԴһǸԸܲͬеİ¡誱棬Ҳ֣ء
誶ԼݸеĶλúҪĶҲȷ
ׯһʼǱԷĲŻġŮ֮İĽ֮飬課ݸУҪģһ޶İ顣
ְѰµŮ˵ȥҲۣҪġҪׯԴ
һᣬׯû˵ʱȷϵʱ˵ֻҪ飬ҪǾ仰
ڿǺܼԼİ۵ġ
ׯỵ̂ͷã֪ˡԺǽڡĸסŮҵŮѡӣûݡ
šʱе飬͹ֵúܿһݵͬҲϣȷĽޡƳ°ͣ˼˻˵
ʵܺã֪ʲôʲô¡ңҲšҪѧϰ
ׯϵһʡܿģЩûΪŮѾͶ
ΪԼʱǸһֱڡһֱ
һ·Ļ⡣ǻһЩ֣̽˽⣬ͬʱ֪ԷҪʲôȻһ㡣˶
һν¹ϵӦ˫ڡ
***
̸Ц䣬˻
ǰ˰Сʱ誻ӡ
㸸׳ԷĿζƫǰԤϳԷĲׯֻʡ
Ա˰ɣʵϼҵĿζƫ𣬸ıزһӽ˵
ׯܿ춨õĲ
課ֱ̧ͣʱʱֹôûɻ˰
ׯʶΪƬûҲڸһ𵽴˻ᣬһߴˣʱֱǸϵӰӣ誱Ǹ㸸ô

ׯ΢תת誵ӣǱߡ
һ۾Ϳǰһǣ˵Ⱦܹȥˡ
ׯЦŸϡ
誳嵽ϴЦŴһϴ󣡡
ΪѭתǣС誡˵꿴˳߹һ΢Цųͷ
Ťͷׯĸ첲ЦŽܵׯҰ֡
ȻָׯΪ˵֣ҵѣׯ
áׯòͷк
áΪɫƽػء
мתת˵һɹ졣
ѵ಻˼ˣ
û룬ЦǰѷӵݸΪϰ֣͸
Ϊӹ˼һЩ䣬ܿʰӹ
ׯߵһߣ׼Ϊ䡣
Ϊûͬ⣬ׯ˵˶࣬С誡
ׯͷ֣Ȼͣϡ
·ׯĸ첲м䣬رаȫС
һ·ߴߴΪ˵׼ʲôľƵׯҵĿ׵ķнȵȡ
ׯһĬĬţĽ
誸׵ദǳȻǸŮѡ
ͣϳ׼ںϣΪϵ˸ʻ
ü첻⣬Ϊ졣
Ȼ죬кܶʱ䡣Ϊءʱ죬ԵׯΪǷ˾
̫áᵱׯ˵ͷٸ˵Щϵѧˡ
ȥƵ껹ȥԷʡĳ;Уϴθڲá
ȳԷΪûԥ
ׯ󣬿
ϣΪĿ調Ъ˸˼
Сʱ򣬵˲ľ£ܺá
һС誺ܿ˲ˡ
֣ʲôķӣʡ֪ϴ֮ǰϸˡ
ʽѧУΧ򡣡Ϊ̻ش
ŶʵׯڵķӾǸʽġ뻹ûбҪʽġ
Ϊ̧ͷ˶һۣԺһЩʣǲʽģ
ͷ룬аɣĸʺϾסɡ
ׯһûۡʱҪסĸﶼ誵˼ʲôľͿϲá
Ϊͷʵؿѡͬ͵ģٿϲĸ
ϣػЩ˵˵緢£յҲ͡
ԹׯΪȥƵꡣѡľƵ誾סСԷʱ档
һֱ͵䣬ûය֣Ϣ¸Ҵ绰Ҿڸסܹܿ
Ϊ˯Լܸ㶨
ׯ誻С
·ϣʣҰֲװɣ
˺ܺáׯΪڸʻԭȻĿǰΪֹ˽̸ܸ࣬ܵΪûԵĲ⡣
Сſڣӵ誰ͷׯͷǵ÷ֿסȻҰֿǻǲҪסһ𡣡
ׯţ֪еķִ绹ҪС
ûׯ͵ſڣȥϢ
誽ȥׯû̻ȥһЩ¡ǵΪյƣʱȲ
ؼҵ·ϣյΪϢղھƵ꽻ϵʽ
ׯû飬ȥΪָĵط
һҾưɡС;Ƶ겻Զ
ׯϵʱΪѾˡ
˵˸˱ơ
С誣ЩҪ˵ΪҡžƱڡ
á˵ҲЩׯأһΪ˵ֱ鲻򵥡
ЩӦġ
誵ʮȥˣ˺ӰΪֱ˵顣
ׯ˵һΡᵽ裬ܴ󡣡뵽˵ʱڳᵽʱ޵˺ѷεĳ
С誸ĸǳãĿԼĸȥĳ֮Ϳʼʧߣʧ˺ܶ꣬ءǴ˺Ӧۺһһֱܵģֱû߳Ϊ˵
ׯûϵôأ֪˯߲ãżôߵķʽ˯
ʧߣ誻֢״ƽʱദû쳣ׯϸĥ˻ᡣ
֪ʿڼоʲôôΪʡ
ׯ£ͷ֪ƾ񫡣
СӦûи˵ΪʲôҪоΪʲôҪоɣΪһ۶
ׯסͷֱصˡЩ˽ġ


 68 

ư, 谵һǣһ͸¶ϵµ˺һӢŵڽһص졣
ׯĥһΪղ˵ļ仰ǰϵһһ, Ʋ⣬ǰѡоƾйأ
Ϊ̧ۿ˶һۣе, 漴ѹ۵׵ľȣͷšҷΪ˾Ƽݱײ, ʱƿС誡
һβױ¡
ׯסȥ, ¾Ʊ, Ϊ̶һ仰һʹĵĻ档
οׯ˵֮ܶİ¡
ļõ˾ʹ¡
Ϊ調϶ȹһηǳѵʱ⡣, ԸŮȻĶԴ磬Դ
, ܷ˵һǼ֮ĳɳʹֻҿĵ¡ׯ˫ַϥͷ, Ŷ˳Ͽҵ˵
ΪƱһڣ¾Ʊ, ˫ϥϣ΢䣬ûп, ʼ䡣
ҷԺС誺ܳʱ䶼ܵͳҹޡǰǸ˯رõĺӣ׶ѡ֮, ˯ˡԭѧϰɼܺã֮һǧɡ
Ϊͣһ£˫ֽգҷΨһ顣ǳ֮С誵⹫ܵĴǳû꣬С誵үүҲǼ뿪Ůഺڶͱˡ
ׯһ¾誸Ĺǰ֮ǰûע⵽ĵط
Ϊһֵܿͯ꣬ôֹΪǰǳ˳졣ʵϱľۡ
ҲܽΪʲôʱ￴ҪϢ򶨡ΪĹǳ͡
ҿ課ʿڼ䷢£Ĳԭʲôׯ˼˻ʡ
Ϊ̧ͷׯĿ⣬ܿѹͷ䣬֪ԭһΪС誸г˺ܶ࣬ѧУǱȥоƾġо˰꣬оԽԽġʱԼͻƣжʱ˵⡣
ׯüͷš
ûзֱ﹤Ϊͣٴ̧ͷ棬ɫƽ˫ĿһЩĻš
һ˲ׯͻȻӿֳһõ뷨סڸƱһڣҪԼѣ˻ᣬŶˣѿڣǲǸйأ
Ϊ̧ׯ侲͸¶ǵĿ⣬Ҳ֪Ǹǲ㡣ʱСְ㱨Ҵ绰һѾܶûˡ
ʱͻȻ绰Ϊʲôû˵Ϳʼޣ˺ܾáΪʲôش𣬾ǿޡʱΪ̷ͷл׼Ʊɹȥ
һֱΪ绰ͷ˵֣ҪסоƾˡȥˣҲȥˡ
ڵ绰誶϶˵ְ㱨¡˵ԼĵĿ˷ˡ˲Դ˶һ¶ϵŬһ˲䳹ҡڲδϵѡϾš
ʵΪ֮ǰ誻о򣬵֪ôܲ誾ԼȥŬ׷ˣܲܡ
ׯƲ⡣ƲֻԺһ£һͱԼǿӲϣ뷨ժȥ
Ǹ誵˲Բ
ׯĬΡ
С誻ڵо˺ܶࡣһֱоƾ񫣬ͺѴĸ׵뿪߳һԸоܿġΪ˵һЩɶ
ȻƱׯ˵лл㣬ллŮġչҺܷġ
ΪԼׯҪĿġͨĹ۲죬֪誵ѡû⡣侲񡢴òͷȶ
ׯײһ£ָжԭΪΪôżһЩ߶ĲԼһЩݻ
ׯƱΪע˫Ŀֿ˵Ҫлл誣ҴĿָࡣллҵΡ
½̸һЩǰ£ҪΪ˵ׯżʡ
̸ׯ˵֮ǰ˵ʿҵʱǴġΪԭû
ׯͣһ£׽Ϊ仰һΡ
ţׯ˫ַϥͷֱΪ˫Ŀֿ˵һ¡ 
Ϊ¾Ʊֱͦ壬̧ؿׯ˵
˵֮¡֪ûȨҪôƤ誡ǳҪҴ治еλáׯ㵽ΪֹΪ˼
˵ׯϿ֣صؿΪµķ粨ͦзȵˡ
֮ǰᵽûгΪ׼׷Լֿȥ
ׯһֱ£ϣΪиȻһٴľٶ
úׯ˵֣Ҿ
ƣ뵡ԼһЩԭͦε˫ѹصȥͬʱͷ˫֡
ׯͷҪࡣһͻȻȥΪôô
ƣ˻ȥΪ˾Ƶꡣ
ׯתûֱӻԼסĵط
誵ķſڣ̧ߵţûӦ绰Ҳû˽ӡ
һŷĵƹ⣬ĵŵģӦˣ˻ᣬš
誸ԡҾǣ첽űߣͨèۿ棬סܿš
ˣԹң誰أЦʡ
ׯžƺɫ˿˯£ƵƤѩ׷ëͷµ誣ǣ߽ŵһɻʺζζǲǻûͷҸ㴵
ڲ˯ͷԼɡ誻ء촵ͷǺҪһ¡
ׯǣ誵֣ߵɳߣ£ͷ
ӣׯȣбţ£ȷ֮󣬲ͷʣôŵһɾƾζȾˣ
һ㣬û£û
ŶǲΪҰֹѹˣȾƻ⣿ƶϡ
ûУ㸸ûѹ˺ܺá誱м㡣ׯ⡣
ʲô£
ǵһμʲôʱ򣿡ׯװһʳ⡣
誴ɳϵԭׯ֣ɿһ¾
ׯû׷ʣ誵ĻظʵѾдˣĳ˹ȵסϲͷĶͣס
֪ˣƽ͸¶һ䵭
·ݼ治ǵһμ档һȥ·ݵְ㱨ϣǰɣׯʾ䣬һ˿ϣ
šյؿŵذء
Ǵλ㱨ǲΪˣׯʳ仰ǿɬһҲ벻ǳ㱨ˡ
˻ᣬûлش𣬷ʣ죬ǲǷʲô£
ʱعϣҽ˾ȥѧУǳ˺ܾãܲã˺ܻҡְ㱨ǮǾͽȥȾˣӦǺȶƬˡҲǵõʱǲΪˡׯû
ǸղŴӾư·ϣׯŬ䣬Ҵ绰Ǯ֤ʵ顣
ҲΪѡվѧĽǶȣȷģû⡣ء
ׯ벻課Ѿȥˣȷʵܿģ
ҵʱǲǺܲãׯüʡ
ûУ˵˵ׯ
誱˵һµʱľׯһһܸоڻǵѹ״̬
ɫؿׯ򴽣һĨ޵ЦׯҶĵһӡܸӡ
ׯ誣˵
ְ㱨ǰԥԺоһʼ׼ʵҲϵģϵڵоƾʵҡ調ɳſǽ棬ûׯ
ְǰһ죬ҵң˵ʵҵĸҪˣû˹ʵңԸԸȥоԼѡʲôԡ
ͣһ£ͷ˵ھƾоĲġΪʵ鲻˳ΪԽԽءҸȥˡͻȻоķֲġҡڲ
˵ЩŤͷׯЦЦ˾Ȼı⡣
ԲҵʱӦΪˣӦõźܶ˵˵е⣬ʱʧִˡûáׯüҲʱֻѧ˵ԼĹ۵㣬Ӧÿǳϡ
ӦǴģȻ䲻ʱ״̬ӦǰԭԼʽ磽ʶǰŮеˡ
ʱ誴İĳйһ߹ְ㱨ϣڽˣ²̨һءⲻƽʱµķ񣬵ʱһǻЩԹߵ״̬
ЦЦ˵ԲûʲôҵʱȷʵЩܣһֱ˴߱¶ȺĿֻѡǲƲɡ
ׯŬһµʱĳǰʣ誱ͷǲǸǼйأ
£û뵽ܼǵùĵεΡͷֻڰǰԷʱᵽһΡ
˽û۹£ׯϲŮǶ̷課ȻҲûһζӭϲá
̧İʪͷЦЦʱ㱨꣬ҳ嵽꣬ʮĳˡҪǸǸҵͷ˵ɡͦ޹ġ˵Ƥգգۡ
ׯ鸴ӵߣԲļͷ̧ͷ誱ǲǻ˺ܳʱ߳Ǽ¶Ӱ죿
ׯǵڶμʱ誵̬ƲġԵʱ誶ⲻΪѿƸˡ
ڶμһλ㱨֮Сꡣǰ꣬ŬǼ¶Ӱ졣ׯصʱֲԼľٶ誴˺
誰ͷׯʵļͷϣ˫ֻ˵ţһЩʱ䡣ҪΪҪӷоƾ߳㲻ҪĻҲĸĹϵֻŵذ˾
ׯһû˵ʲôԭʱŮѿˣʵûзȡŬһԼеļβΪûõ¶ûŮеˡ
ׯ§ˣķԲһʼҾûãԸһ̫ˡ
·ϣׯζӳ¡˵׼ΪҪԵ誵Ŀ޺ʹ
ûС
һڴԭ򣬲ƵԼĽѡ⣬վһǳѵĽǶ飬ֱָںˡⲻҪǻۣҪʶʹȡ
ƯķǳǿŮҫ۵ŲۣһӶ
誵ͷׯµĿӣЩȥˡԺˡڹúܿģǰߡ
˻ᣬׯǻ˶ͷʣоƾҰ㡣 
ֹͣŦۣ˼һᣬ롣ҵĳܲоһܲģᷴׯʵҺĽ㡣
ţ
ԱҸ㣬ǶΪһЩԭѡҽѧо;ҷˡһֱᶨʼоǸʵΪʲôܼȥûסΪܺġ
˵ͷ˼㿡ʵߡ
ʼѡо֢Ϊ˽⣬ҪŪʲôԭұԼϲǸӡ˼Ծһֱоˡ
ׯͣһᣬ˵Ҹ㲻ͬĵطо˵ǸʵһҾķ˽֪֢֮Ǻ˼ܵµģкܶ෢ơ֪ЩҺһЩ 
ú誵ͷţˡ
˵ׯЦȻϣׯڼŬҵ֢ķһһֱ֧㣡
ׯǣְһŬ
Ц
һ磬ǳǳ繣ˣܰ硣ʱʱżЦǰߵǵ㲻ʹɢ


 69 

Ϊ췿, Ѽѡ
誺ׯ°󣬸Ϊһȥ, 誾һס
˼׺ų׷ӼԥһǸʽ, һǴƽ㡣׷ǻͻСĻǳʡ
һ˼Ϊׯûڷϸ飬ûвʵĵط
ڷ, ʣ, ׷ӵļ۸󲻴󣿡
, ҵԤ㷶ΧڡΪء
ſ, ͷϸĥ, ҲҪʽˡ
Ϊûԥáȥ, Ƶ١
̧ͷƣ㲻ԭ򣿡
ΪЦЦ, 㶼20ˣԼϲʲô϶ԭֻܣľ
Ŷ, ҪǾԺҪˣ¥ݣԾͷʽˡ誽͡
˻ᣬΪ˵, ÿôԶ¥ݵʱٻ·ҲС
ҡͷҵ
¥ˣӦȥˣʱٻиҵġûΪ˵Ļ
Ϊ˸ֽ˰ǣ˿ˮãǾƽ㡣
ׯһԸŮ̸идûôƽɵӹϵ
죬ΪһԹߣϸ۲誺Ϊ֮ദԸŮദģʽϵ
ǻأܸܵ誺ΪѺܶмˡΪǰǵӡ
ͿʱΪһ£С誣ʺʱûʱ䣬Է
ʡӦñȽæʲôʱװҪæ˵ŴӰóֻ
ׯˮȻ죬һ𾪡û뵽Ϊô˽誣ȦҪչ˵
ԹΪƵ꣬ׯ誻ȥ
·ϣׯỵ̂ʣ誱֪ʱꣿ
ţ֪ÿ춼Ұ죬˵ܶ¡֮ǰ֪ʱˡһֱ˵Ҫллչҡ誻ء
誸˵ֻ꣬ˣЦŽŮæˣ
ҵϣ죬ͨˣҪˡ˼治ֵáԼɶ£ʱ갧̾
Լ㣬Ұ֣˵ҪԷûʱ䡣
ʱһˣǡϴ󡯰ұȥҶ˵˶ˣſҲȥϴ󡯣
ʱ䡣
Ҷϵ绰һǸؿׯׯʦʱҰֵʱֻܶϡʵҪᣬҪỻʱ䣿
û¡뺫ʱԷҾͲκˡȥǡ
á
СſڣڳǱʱǣʱǣȫ˵飬һСĸо˴һʱ䲻࣬кܶҪæһʱ򣬻ץסʱ´һᡣ
³ǰ誺һԥ˻ᣬڣׯʦæ
ׯһֲ˼ӣ糺˹誱֮䲻ôʲô£㶼ֱ˵
ǹϵ¡Сͣ·ݵȫ񾭿ѧᣬҪȥ㱨׼PPT֮ҿһûô͵Ļ棬Ժܽš
ʦܱһϿɡϲׯЦԵ˵˱
㲻ҪЦҡ̧ȭ˴ׯ󱳣ңҲйءҵ׼ͶˣûιմϵĹ⡣
ǽյʼģʱܾϲͬʱе㡣
ׯЦ誺ףҲҪ㱨໥æǰ׼Ҫʦڰһݽе⡣
誴ׯ̧ͷɫǳ˫áʱҲġ
һЦڵһοůƶ䣬ɡ
ׯ誵˷ſڣûȥֻ뿴ȫҡ
סΣ˯ŸҴ绰
ţӦ˯ţۡ㲻ҪҹˣϢ誰ͷׯ˲䡣
***
磬誺Ϊ÷ӵ飬ȥᡣ
ʱȵϵ糾͵ؽȿ誣ȻתƵԱߣЦϡһ˲䣬ʱǱ˵Ѩԭء
ΪˣԺͻȻĳһʡ
ô˴ڣ˲ѵĸףʱһҪ֣һ̶
ʱԭأգգۣһᣬָǣϵı飬Ц߹ȥ
調ʱЦллŮæ֮гʱǳԷ
ƽʱʱᣬ϶誡Ϊϴڳ˺ܶ࣬ЦкãǺʱꡣ
Ϊ䴽ʱͷãΪ誵ĸסллôչŮ
ʱ£һʱжĽӿѺܶ࣬Ҳչ˹ܶˣûһѵļҳΪһ˵лĻԼ׵ĹϵܲãԶԳӡһ򲻺á
Ͻ£ʱ꣬ˡ調ʱƽе㲻һۼе죬æѲ˵ݸʱꡣ
ʱûòˣ˿ˮڶıļãǳзȵΪ̫ˡҸ֮һֱ໥չһ˵
ΪɫºͣС˵֮¡һֱ˵ллԺҪǰæĵط˵
ˡʱòء
һ߳ΧʵڲԷգüҪٸллȥˡֲƿĵĻ⡣
ΪŤͷһ̧ۣ󱳣ε⺢ӡ
ѽ˵׸һ˺ʱ꣬׼·䣬ԼװޣװʲôӶԡ調źʱ˵
ˣʱ꾪
誷æˣǰʱ˵ҰҪӡ쿴ˣҴȥʱ俪ʼװޡһҴһֱš
ʱѹе𾪣ͷͻȻǳĽ誡еɳܵ˵Ǽʡ֪һֱĺܺãֱΪ֪誵ԭͥжá
誵ǸѲģнԵʸ񣬽ǳŬϽԼ׷
ʱһ˹¾սôãͻȻ˵䣬һղŵļܿɢҲǸܵһԳĳ谮Цſ誣ƽʱû׳㡣
誺ΪЦһ
ķϣŮ̸װ޵顣Ϊû廰żˮ˲ԣֵ˼ˡ
Ͼŵ㣬ׯᣬ誷ĵַڳ˻ᣬͿ˴Ӳ
ׯ³
ʱԼģڲſڵ
誰ϵĲͺзŵǰϵðȫׯʦǲǻûǸķˣȻȥһ¾ܳԡ
áׯЦŵͷʵ飬ֱȥˡмûʱԷǸüӽٶȣȻܶ¶һӡȲˡ
Ϊں̲˾䣬ܰʱԷ
誰αŤֻżæ
Ҫע壬ʱԷ֮ҪΪʵθŪˣ͵űΪƽһϡ˵ػ
Ťͷׯһۣ˵ã֪ˡ
šΪȣ֧ڳأų⣬Ӧ
͵͵ׯһۣеһһĨɬҲۿɼĺʱûׯֹ顣
ׯڡϴǰǸӣΣֻйԹ
ΪؾƵ꣬Ȼ誻ȥ
ׯ誵ķû뿪
ղǲǱҰŪúˣɳϣׯʡ
ûСׯϡ
ĳ˽ߣЦû£Ұ־˵˵ѣ᲻ǡ
ңҲӦõġׯ˿ֱһַʽշиС֮ûйĳ
죬δ󲿷ֻⶼǸΪء
ĵׯȥϴ裬ڿĤֻˣǺʱꡣ
ᣬͷҽУС誣ȻڲҼϴ󡯣
֮ǰû֮ǰȥˡ誽͡
ϴ˺þģС誣иĸףһɹȦñʱȥ֮Ǻ𾪡
ҪҲŲҪ˷Ұ֡ҡͷ
ˣʡϴôİʵͲС˰ɣôôᰡ
誳Ĥ񣬳Ĭ
ι㻹ôʱûӦ˾䡣
ءҰŬΪ˵ԺȥǱ߼ʱϣ軹ϳͳؽ͡
ʱʱ޻˺ܾã˵³çˡ㲻Ҫ
û
˼˵䣬˵绰
ׯԡҳ˵仰ס˻ᣬߵɳߣסһѹ˫ʢˮˣסĺף£誱ġ㸸׻һֱ㡣
š誱ۣׯ˵ͷ
ϣʧˡ
һΣׯûߣһ۰ƣߣ۵˯š
𽥳˯ׯֱۣ˼Щ¿Ҫ߳ĿǰķʽǸİ취


 70 

ϰ˵, ׯ칫ң칫ǰ, 档
һöʽչʾֳ߼ׯָ誵ĻϵPPT˵
ãҪ˳, һų𣿡PPTע
ׯۣޱ飬ŵĻ, 25ҳ
誸æ϶꣬, Ťͷ, ⣿
űи, ͼÿסǰ췢ģƪסׯ˵, Լҳ誡
յļ, 調ɨףͷá׿ò, ƪûܽͼȷʵϸÿ
ػ޸׼Ҫȥؿ㱨PPT
칫պ֣רҵڹУû˿¼
һֱʮ, ꡣ調αׯPPTͷβϸ顣
ڽǶȹϵֻܿׯĲ, ǷߣӢͦı޼޽ǣɢרҵϽ
ׯPPTֿٷһ飬ָPPTȥѸʽһ£Ͳο׵λҪͬһطڷҳʱ򣬲Ծֻǻݱ滻˸
ãһȥջߣӦ
ׯתԼԣָ誷һļһPPTĸ棬ÿPPTĸʽλáͻһ
ֹܣ誴սׯĵʡ
ҽô԰ϲʽͬĸ棬ԺPPTڸʽϻܶʱ䡣
誴񣬸ѧϰ
һջķᡣׯ޸ĹPPT֮ǰǰúܶࡣͬʱѧµĶ
һֱ쵽ʮһ㣬˲æꡣ
̱ϣ˸Ƿۻллׯڵָ
ߣǻؼҡׯϵԡ
ԵȣЪᣬۡ
ׯתתӣ誵ȸԼϥϣָ󣬡ȥϢ
̫ˣ˯ţһɡ۾˵
á˯ŸҴ绰
ׯʦ̫æˣûʱ㡣ʮһڣǳȥɡ಻̫ԣʱ̫ҶûռˣġͷԵ˵
æд£ǸݣҪʱʱȥ๤·ӵװޣƣ
ţšᣬٹʮһڣ٣ֱȥȼ١ׯʼĥ¡
誾ϲ̧ͷáһǵ˦ƹ㰲ţ
û⡣ԼϾС
ϲ̵§סׯӣ㡣
ׯ˳ư˱ԼϣȦס㲻ҪԼܴѹְĿҪġ
¶ɫͷţ֪ʵôżΪһƻûʵǰׯ
ʰһ£ѧУ˸䣬ѧУжξ롣
ׯǰ£Ťͷ
ûſȥ§סׯĲӣͷĺϡ
Ө¸£ӰԼżŹҵ˺Хе·ƽ˵Ӱӵһ
Ѯҹ¶Щ⣬кׯĺϣĽŲҡҡλΣ˯
ûСׯԽԽأӵ˫Ҳţ誱
ӦӦ˯ˡ
һֱſڣׯСţ誷ŵϣЬϱյһʵ¶ȡ
ڴ߿˯ˣ˻ᣬȷûбղŵĶŪѣͷĶͷ˵Σ㡣
Ȼ뿪
***
ڶ磬ׯ칫ңPPTָ⣬˳Ҳѧϰ
ׯPPTָ˼⡣
13ҳе㲻Ȼׯʦطٴһ¡調۸ղĹмǵñʼǡ
ׯ˻ᣬֽȻʣô
ɳϣñʴ°ͣ΢ͷ˵ȸղŵĺãܾûԸãһʱҲĽ顣طͷٿʲô⡣
Ȼͷ۱ʼǣ37ҳܽĲʵ԰ѿ⴮һ𽲣ư߼ֻǵۿܸá
ׯ˵ģ½һ顣
֣ÿϸڶע⡣ִͻ㱨᳡üˣÿ˶һ˫۽𾦡Ҫһʵı棬ÿϸڶҪ¡
£ͣϢ
뵽ôûֱӰұ㷿ȥ㻹Сܡ
˵ҪϢׯվǰ˿ˮ˵
ʵ˯ˣﶼһ
һׯҡͷ
ﲻһͷʡ
ѹʱ˯ǰΪܻе㲻ϰߡ˵ĻҾհ졣
߽ڽׯĴ¶СݣЦܽҲأ
ׯˮЦŵ§סǰˣֱ̧ĹˣӰࡣȥط
ûȥׯš
ׯȥ˵طǳݡ
ͣͣóǣȥ
調ܶŶӣȻ󿴵Բγ⣬޴ĵĻϹֺһЩ˱ԭء
ʲôʱƱŤͷˡ
졣
誻ȥׯһ£ϲĸֵݳᣬЩϵŪƱ
誾ͱׯһVIPڴûŶõĶӣ˾ͽˡ
ֱڳǰŵλϣ課ŷӦ
Ҫһݳᣬϲĸֵݳᡣ
֮ϲϷʱȥֳׯŻһ𾪵ˡ
û˵§סׯĲӣͻȻһȣͷеᡣ
˵ۣûռ䣬ģׯ͸ôľϲǶôѵ¡
ʱŪô֪ǵڳƱǮͿԵġʣҲ֪ׯ˰취ġ
û˱øáʱ̸ܵԼ̵İܶʱֻһ˵ŵׯǻᱻԴ¡
ð㡣誰ͷׯ˵
ׯ誺󱳣䴽Ҳ㡣˵꣬ӹһѵݹĴӣЦųѵͷ
ûϲĶ
ɿׯĴӣ򿪿ۣʱЦ
ӫӷлᶯöñݳرߡ
ģϲ̵ذöñϣߵĴӣͻ⡣
ûʱ䣬Ѹġׯɫ糺죬СŮģһˣ̲סա
ׯׯʦװˣһٷ֣
Ц˻졣ݳῪʼ誾һúܷ裬Ŵϳվ衣
ׯǰ裬߸աβͬǰְںƵƬǸֳɰƬһЩա
ׯץĵĲֺ˶̨ϵǣֻȫԼŮѡ
ݳе;һ׻ظ裬ԣʺǡǡ
̲סվ֣裬ٳӵģĽкɶǳã
ׯϣۣ΢ͷͣ۶ǰŮ·誵ݳᡣ
ٿôáڡرɰһ棬ͬƽʱľš
ȥׯߣԺ󵥶
áЦ
誺þûô棬ݳƣ̱ϣһҲ붯
誴խȹӣ㱳߳ȥׯû˵ȥֱӰ
誾ׯŦۣǲǺ㣿Ҳǹһ죬һ㱳߱
ĸԸڡ
Ц΢΢˲ͷڵλãȻǱߣǿ
ȥ·ϣׯ誵ľ񻹺ܿܣǿڣ誱Ҫһ¡
ţʲô£Ťͷ
飬᲻ׯһֱĥ¡
ѾŬץʱˣЩʵڡſ飬㣬ʵꡣ֮ͶҲҪʱ䡣
Ǹʽ뵽õķʽ͸ˣֻƳٽĽȡ
Ҳ25ꡣö̸һʱҺϲ״̬Խ᲻飬Ҳż˵Ȼ뵽һ£ǲ֮ǰ˵һׯΣΪҺż
ţǶ̸һʱ顣ԿеķӣԺסһףһ費Ҫװޡׯѻ
ס׾Уסź
һ·ƵĻ⣬졣
ϣׯסϴ꣬£ΪԼ˯
һֱǳ˷ܣҲĵرֳӣҪʧˣۣԴô°
ׯԡҳﴫڴأ˼һᣬƿӣи顣
ʲô飿
ȥҽׯע誵˫¡ȥͷ
ûԣ˵ϵڱȽ֪PTSDоҽ
û˵ֱ۳ڴϣץץͷ˻ᣬ̧ͷۿׯܸ𣿱ңе㺦¡
֪ԼһЩⷽ⣬Ѷ˳̸ȥ¡ôѡĵףȥķʽ
ׯ⣬ȥõĽ취ΪһἰͻᲨ̲סޡ
ϴκʱᵽһµͳȥʵӰ쵽
ׯһʱ䣬˯߿ȥһЩ󲿷ʱ۹ȥ˯ŵġⶼǽĸ
ׯ˻ᣬҶѧоҪ֢PTSDûǸҽרҵ㺦£ҿԡ
ǰ㣬Դׯǰ˲䣬˻ᣬϵҽɡ
ׯָ̧ϻ˺ףḧáȥֻҪܲˣͳһֱ㡣
Ҫ̣һʼִܻܵׯǿ誣Ըһ߳
áڵĻһðȫܶࡣ誻ׯúİ
ţʲôʱҶڣ¡
лҪ˵PTSD˺Ӧۺ

 71 

µ, 񾭲ѧϵʦͺܶѧȥزμÿһε񾭿ѧᡣ
誸ͬһĸƱĸ˷졣
ʲôʱʱһҸ̾
ǵڼСҲôԶܰʱɹͬˡ̽ӻ
û˵ΪĶԻ, ׯ֮䡣
ׯʰԭʰˣ䱻ׯ򿪺, ˹İѶȫóˡ
һ߿ľٶ⣬, ΪʰõĵĶó
ղַŷȵ˵ط, Ҷׯó·, µŽ䡣
ð, ˵طҲ誻סԼ˫ȣ°ͷϥͷ, ɳϣŶڿˡ
ʰ, ʱҶʱ򣬻᷽һЩׯ˵
Ŷ
˻ᣬׯɳϻûŽĵԺһ, 誱ȥһ봩׹ȻŽȥ
áҲص, ȹӺʡ
غ仯졣пռ䣬ȥһׯ˵ȥҡ
調䣬ȷʵпռ䡣ղԼʱ, 䱻װϥѹӣҧżѰˡ
ׯģһĿȻ߽߱ǽǶõĺܺáȻܶռס
ŤͷҵĴŰºڿĸߴӰϿᣬص䡣
ȻǾµׯʦ䶼Ź
˻ᣬׯ˼ɫ׳׿Դȹӡ
á誹ӦչȻҪֵһ㡣
ׯ䣬ϣſһߡ
ɳׯʦˣЪᡣ
ׯ£誾˳죬ǽڵĸƱһľƵ궼ǵ˼䣬󴲷ҪŬְơ
ϸˣҸƵ귽棬Ǹסһ䣿ȥҷĻҸɺŪһׯ취
ЩáҰҽʦӦеĳˮ׼ֻճĽ㡣ׯ˵
Ժ󶼻еġ
ѧУĲñ׼ǸְġʲôְƶӦߵĲñ׼Ĺ涨ġ
***
Сʱתʱ֣ڵ˵ط
һƣѣƵꡣ
ĵطһȼλмǧ˲μӡҶŶӰסڹǰ
Ӻö˰̾
Ҳеڿʡ˵ҶûԸͣͳ˵ԼСʳ
ȻסĸȥԷɡղ·ҿˣԷĵطడС͹ݡʱȥ͹ݹҲųӡ̾
ڴҼꤡ޾ɵĸŶ黺ƶʱ調ׯˡ
ׯĸƱһСʱƵҲͬһ䣬ǸڵθߵľƵꡣ
課֪ׯʲô£óֻۣûϢ
ŶӵĶϵʦѧ䲻ľƵ걻ϵˡպùס
ׯ߽ѧ˷ġׯںáĴк
調ׯ΢΢ףȻֿ˸ׯʵҵļѧʹ
ÿ϶ӡ
һɻֱǰϵѧӹׯݹȥĶϲЦտӣ׹
ׯһѿϵ»ַϵְѧׯʵҵĸĸǰ氤ַ
ʦӵȤܱɣҶǵøׯڷ
ׯáЩѧҪû΢/šҲġ

ȺһЦ
誼򣬡ׯڳϵ֮ԽԽˡٶǵġ˭ǶҪһŶһ߳ԣ͹ȥš
šӦ緢º͵ַȤĬׯһ˲кܶ档
ÿһϲˡ
ׯӴóһֽݸװȥ˽ӵûʲô
誵ָỮֱȻӹЦӯӯ˵ллׯڡ
Ȼ󿴼ׯ̧һۣ䴽ۺǳǳЦ⣬еֽû˵ʲô
ˣõĶӦø˵Ĳһ
ֽĶһһ鼦ᡢһƻɣһƿȪˮ˹ˣȥˣ
誵ͷԼеֽһǹΡĿ鼦ᡢһгɿˮһƿմˮһЩװţɺɿ
Щǿϵ»ĶׯĿζġ
誺˿ˮʪͬʱůůġ
˷䣬ȥϴ衣
誳Ŷߵ̨С绰
ôϵôҧ˿˵
򣬵û㣬ڻ绰ͷеųķ磬УƢͨ͸
ŶԽׯʦůİԵܲã誴ȤȻ绰ͷЦ
˵誱Ϣ˯Ÿ˵첻ýţ׼Ķûġ
š
ʮһ㣬誷ȥ˯šԱߴϵʼˡ
ֻĻˣ̹ۡ
ׯϢû˯š
誴֣û˯š
䣬½жϣҸߡ
СĴ䣬ֻׯ˵ģܿҵ
£ϣͷỺе龰˯
֪˶ãԺ˯ˡ
***
ڶ磬һͻˡҶһ̨ϵ˻㱨
誱ڵĸ
̨ţ˫ֽգǽڷףֽűĿڷ̲סСȶȡֱ̨ǰѹͿ־ġ
̨ûôˣΪ⣬һҲͽˡ
ھ϶/ͷ̨֮ǰɽĿ־Ҫû
ֵˣ˼£һ̨ȥ
˼̽ܺ調ʼ㱨
֮ǰһЩϿξ飬ȥ֮סˡ
㱨˰СʱԼĿ⡣ʱƵĺܺãȹ涨ʱǰһӽꡣ
ʮӵʻڡ
ǰ⣬˳
ʱһ˾ʾʣӹ˵ĻͲ˵õԪ˷Եķû֤ЧġõĽǲŷġӱ
誷˵һPPTƬӫ⣬/б黯֤ǿԪġ˵֤ķҪĤƬǯ۲ҩǰԪķŵɣ
Էͷ
課ػش𣬡״ģѾд֤Чԡûǰ˵ĻظĹ
ԷҡͷġˣӦҲҪ֤ͬʵ黷ܻвͬĽ㹺Ĳ/ҩʧЧҲпܵġ
üô˵ˡҵĬϵĹ涨ӲҪҲеġ
ûôشʱ˾֣調ȥԶűλϵׯ
᳡˺ܶ࣬㱨ʱֻżɨһ̨£ûϸ֪ׯˡ
ׯվӹͲȿڣղʣŻشһ¡ʵʧЧֿܡһǲ/⣬̨ϵʦչʾĽʾ/ıû⡣ҩʧЧҲǹ֤λʦ˼̻֤ԪǿԱġ
ͣһ£עˣׯ˵ûŷ᳡㱨Ҹ̨λʦͬһϵͬ£õͬһ֧/ҩҵĽͨķʽ֤
˵ͷ¡
誰˿ķŻض
ʱʱ䵽ʻڽ
ϵԣ̨
ڵ£󱳳һ㺹˿ˮӰóֻׯϢл
óֻׯѾϢ
Ļ㱨ܾʡ򶨡ݡţܰΪ١ʱˣϢᡣ㡣
ҹ㱨£ͷٸˡ
һȣͷһů
֮ǰ誸ׯ˵㱨ʱ򣬲̨ׯҲӦˡ
ûΪѣׯ϶ı󣬴ű͵͵ȥȫ̲֪
ͬʱ־б
˸ûиõİ취Ӧˡ


 72 

񾭿ѧĵһ, ʮŵĻ᳡û, ϯ˿ˡ
ŵĻ᳡һǣŻ᳡̨м˽һλйߵ
Χǰ˽
Ľڣ¶ǶҸղ, ջع⡣ſ
˵X񾭲ѧϵĸˣ;Ҳܲ
ԣҲ˵ˡ֮ǰѧ/ɧ𣿡
Ŷ, XˣҲǸһ¡ӦǱˡ
, ͷ, ʦϵǸ⡣ϣԺҪ, Ȼһ˾ˡͦϧġ

һţЩ¹ȥ, ᱻ𡣲֪òܳײٱ
˼Ʈʱ̧ͷ᳡ǰ, ׯߵ̨̨
һȾ̵İ׳°սխһ˫, ͵ĺ󱳣͸׳³ӡĽʵĸ첲ȵĲ, ͬһ㣬緢Ŀ
ΧŮֿʼС
ҿ˻ֲᣬҪȥ㱨ǽׯɣȷһ, Ҫˡ
ţûղ˽ˡ
ˣԺżˡӰ㹻ҷˡȷûߴ᳡ɣѵⲻӦǳĳʱװģô
ʱׯתվڽ̨󣬿ŵĻŴPPTۻ᳡еĴĻȷʾû⡣
סʽͲŽ˿۾ɨ˻᳡һȦɫº͵ؿڣãׯллԪڵĽܡҪ㱨ǡ
ʱԱߵļŮ쳤ӣɴ۾𾪵˵ҵ裡˰ˣҵ½ˣ
ԲۣþˣеĽڵˣҪĲʿǣǵ˼ʹϵҸ㵽һϢ

΢Цע̨Ϸ绪ïŴݡӢŵˡеżѣְԼڴеĪĽ⡣
СʱĻ㱨誶ЩݺϤ֮ǰһ˺ܶΡ
;ʱʱΧˣǵĿעǫ̈̄ϡ
ټĻ᳡ׯšҶű档֮ǰһֱߴߴׯСŮˡ
̨ϵ˿ڳдԵеˡ߼Ͻؽſ⡣ǳӱ˺ܶǰؼкشķ֡
̨ϵ˹âɣׯͨⳡڹڴԼһǿ̬ع¡
ԺĺԴȥԼ϶ԴԴϡ
ͷ̨ϵˣĵ׾ý
ׯ㱨꣬¾ʵ˷ǳࡣվŻͲЦ˵ֻʮӵʱ䣬ǾͽʡͷҸׯڷʼۡ
վǱ֮飬Ȼʡ
ׯ콲ԼĹ۵㣬û㱨PPT˲䡣
ĸ⣬˳ĽˡׯķӦ֣׺͹۵Ѿ
źʹס˺ܶˡ
һֱվʵ˻Ǻܶ࣬˵ͷЦЦʱ䵽ˣ˽ٽ
̨˴󺰣鷳ׯڰ
ׯЦŰPPTһҳʵҵĺӰԱܣԱд䡣
Ҹæֻգ᳡
ׯǰž
調£Ա߾ʦսҪʡ
˻ᣬûʣóֻϢ
ׯϵֻˣۣ漴ǡ
誷Ϣ
һղݽƬǶץĵĺܺáռʣĻ
ڶ֣ׯڽ쳬ջһãԱߵŮѾʼȫˡҺǣҶæˡΪҵģҵģ
誺ܿյ˻ظ
ͬһƬѧУһΰ콲ĺգ˶Ű׳վһݳݺɵ£϶ǳǳЦݡ
ȻһϢŮׯġׯҲֻ
ׯ֣Цʱ˺ÿɰ׶԰СصػȦȦǿԼĶһ
Ƭ誾ûϸŴƬϸ˿֮ǰֵһϸڡ
վׯֱߵԺʿֱ˵ׯӦվֱϸͷ΢΢ƫߣ΢΢ǿǰͷġΪ˿ͷġ
ϸĻŭšǳׯĲŻ۷ģһδĵĽһˡׯǸʱͶкøˡ
ָʱտ־ϲ
һֱ㣬誶᳡㱨εĻ˺ܶ᳡ÿ᳡ⲻһͬʱУҸԼȤһ᳡档
誽Ҫ᳡֮Ҫı棬Ѿڻ鷢ճ̰Ȧˡʱڲͬ᳡д
ׯһ߳᳡ȥط
һ棬׼᳡Ƶ꣬Ҹ͹ݳԷ
ׯˣЦųͷ
ׯӭͷ΢ͣЦºͿڣʦʱĻ᳡ϸӰ
ð
ׯóֻ·һѧæա
վڽ̨룬ûпرм罻룬λĵӺ
գׯùֻ˵лȻƬƬȫƱݡ
Ű׼뿪ûھׯ˵ʦԼ𣿲֪ûҸһͣ
誻һܣǰһ˵ׯʦƵ㡣ͬ£ܵԷ
ׯͬأǵǸʵҵѧһһᡣ誱벻ʦĸݳϯ
ڹ̧ͷǰīִ˫
ֻ֪ݣԺǻġǰʶһ¡
Ŷá誵ͷһ£ׯʦҰѽָȡɣ
Ĵţҵȡׯ˵ŰָĽָȡ
˲߳᳡һ·ʱʱ˻ͷ
׳´ɫһȹŲȺɫ߸ЬĸƯŮһߴͦͬŰºڿӢˣʵǻ᳡һķ羰
߳Ƶ;У½ѧУʦͬѧ˾ûô̸ȥͬ¹ϵ
߽ʱׯʵҵĸ˶סˡ
ֻṩͣҪԼ취룬ηûеʦѧȺԼҪҪׯڣлλᡣ
ϾִģĻ飬ܶർʦֻ꼶ѧμӡʵңȫԱܸһᡣ
һ㣬ηɺ߿챻ϵûλͬѧĽϾξ쿪ᣬϳȥ·ѡס޷ѺͻʳѶ
ʹ˾䣬ׯμѧ磬û£ǽһԷ
ͬ󣬾ȥʵҴȺ﷢ϢܿյׯĻظûϵ誻ȥ
ׯڣʦһԷԺһȻ˽һ¡
˵һӣʾ誾ȻԱߵ¡
Ѳ˵ݸׯׯڣ͡
ׯӹ˵ֵݸ誣ʦ㡣
ûЦŽӹ˵мɿ𣿡
ûͬ˵
ˣȻѲ˵ˣҿʲô͡
СԱߵĺη˵ׯʦΪʦ򵥣
Ϊ˵СʵϴҶԼˡ
ηҡͷҶ˵ʲô
ׯûͣص˱ˮǰĿӣ̣ȻڷŵǰĲ
ʦϴӵϰߣʣе㲻ˣеᡣȻѾˣ˰ﻹǻᷢᡣ
ЦЦţë֮ǰׯʦԹȻŤͷׯЦӯӯ˵˾䣬ллׯʦҽ򵥣յĶ񡣡
Ц
ׯ̧ˣû˵ʲôתͷѧǣǽ˼㱨ʲôջ˵˵
ղŻЦѧǣһ°
꣬ס̧˵ȣʾҪѷΧôôͻȻɿˣ
ղ˺öˣҪׯŪöûθˡȥø˺ú˵˵
ǺηǺϰˣʼ˵Լı棬ׯû׵ĵط
ׯһһ𣬺Уô壬ԷΧûôء
˻ᣬ誾ͿˡׯʵϰΪĳ档
룬ұ߳Ա˵
˻ᣬſӣǰ㣬ЩųؿׯСؿڣׯʦһоұиʦ뱨ϵһ¾оԱʱˣм
·ݻѧʵҡĿǰͨӪһоͳС·ݻͨоȷ˭ׯ͡
ãˣллʦ
˻ᣬηɹׯʦ١
죿ׯ̲ʡ
졣Ҽܽܿʮһˣ٣ᣬֱӴؼҡʮһٻѧУηɵͷһ˵ꡣ
ʵоļǰ裬㷨գܶʵҶţһֱѧʵ顣
һᣬׯû˵ܰ
誷¿ӣŤͷׯ֪ľҲÿ˵ʲô
ׯ˿ˮηɣ·עⰲȫ
ηɾϲ̧ͷãллʦѧУһúøɻ
һĽбĵʦͷ̧ͷۡ
ٴεͷʱʦ˵ߣǲҲҪ٣
߸æ̧ͷһᶨץסᣬţǸҸﲻԶüڼ档
ţȥɡŮӣԼעһ㡣ׯ
ϲЦտͷ
һţӲһϸ׵ġرׯߵʱٴ̧ţø߸ЬЬ˴ĳ˵ȡ
ׯ誷µ֡ûţסôĴָĦֱ
課ɫس֣Ȼǵƿȥе֡
ηɺ߼ʦܺ˵ǷŷңӴʼһЩ˽˵⡣
˻󣬷Χúɣ˵Цôнˡ
˻ᣬЦʣׯʦʲôʱʦĸ
ղԱѣܸоׯʦԺ浼ʦĸȻ̫ʣܲסĵʹ
ʹؿ۵ʦãû˵֪ׯǵˣ֮ǰָ
誱ҭ£￩һ¡ⷹĻ˵ͱ䡣ׯʵҵҲǺܾˡʲô
ܺׯôشԸӦþǳĬתƻ⡣ֻ⡣һ˵
Ѿʦĸˡ 
Ѹٿ˺ηһۣ˽һ㶣ȻС˵˾䣬Ŷ̳Ҫˡ
ʲô̳ׯ׽ص㣬ʡ
ѧУѧ̳ʹеԡķܶ˻ΪԼлᡣ߽͡
ʲô᣿ׯü⡣
ΪʦĸĻᡣ
ׯۡǸԼʳһӡȻܿСӭ˸һšеֻۣš
һֱֽׯûӭԱ˵Ŀ⣬ӲͷƤԷܸܵżͶžζ
극˵
ѧǸׯ˵Ҫȥҹׯ˼䣬ѧǺܿʧҹɫС
ϰ˵㣬ˮغе/ʪζ·񱻽ˮУ谵Ĺâ˵Ӱϳ
誱ۣȤؿˣ̲ؿڣׯ̸̸


 73 

ׯ, ̲ڣׯ̸̸
ղڷ, ׯһֱô͡
ҲûȻ͸о
ׯͷǰһ, 誵֣߻ǿ̨ף̫ҿ誡
誰ֳȥ, ˵ׯǳ, һװǧλĺ󹬡, ͦá
ׯҡͷ, Ҳʶǣ֪ǵĴ, ҲҪ׷
ҲôλãҪҸڵط誳ŵͷ, ǶֻܿĶǰ鷢ë͸ͦı
ׯȻ̧ͷ۽ţٴ誵, νסߣҪ, ֻҪ㡣
Цˣׯû˵ǡ
ȿǶôһׯڵ˵óֻ
調ʼ̳вƲݡԭֻǱſֵ̬ȥʲô
һʼȷʵ˵ӶǻʽׯģׯƬʵʱϴһ, Ļǵļ
һҪׯӣҪʵҶоҪΪѧӢЩ誶һЦ
˭û޸ż룿ЩûʲôΪЩղֻǹɫׯġ
ׯûӣùİһֱע
˻ᣬַļһЩݸйء£ϸ
жޣ˵ĲԸУҲ㹻£ò䲻ׯʢա
мƬǵʱڲٳ㱻ͷ±ΪҪׯעеľٶ
Ƿׯһΰ콲̳˶Ϊׯӣڸл
˼·
ׯ쵽誵ıһȥæֻùȥۡ
Щ˲ָУжŮԵӡ
ׯû뵽¡ΪֻСŮĵİϷҪûֹû뵽иصĵطȵú
ׯɫϾɫްأɾЩ
Ҹ𣿡Ŀǰ·ƣûׯʡ
ûС֮һֱƽȡڣԺҲЩطҲ㣬ʱ˵̳ЩҪᡣׯĲ﷢ţ̤ܲʵ
֮û̸۹⡣ڴ֮ǰҲΪ⡣
誵ͷЬ⣬ΪĽںͼżĵײ㽲ʦڴǸ˰ɡ
ʵһʼǲֲģֻǶһݡղſ̳ݣһЩҡ
ׯĵ㲻ΪܶĽܵĶ⡣
ǰһס誣˻ᣬڣӲҪ̸֮ĹϵʵҸҡֻҽڵݣ֪ҰѲһ涼㡣һ㣬ҺܱǸ
誰ͷׯϣ㶵ؿҹɫЩ˵ׯеѹ 
ǺѲӰġ֮ǰΪܼңšϾô꣬Լһֱڱøá
һطׯһԱȡׯѧϵĲ࣬ӲΪԼ䲻̳ƺòķ棬ׯ
Ժǻ֪жáҵԶԶҸġֻǿͷϵĲǺܶ˸ٹ̵ƫҪӰ졣ׯ
ĸܣû취㹫ϵҲˣܼƫ
û˵еңơ
誱һ죬׵ġٵȵȡׯһûǹ¡
ţŬְưɡ
ׯû˵ֻսϵҸطᡣ
˵꿴Χοʷƾõʯ·й䡣ԶһƬ֣ʯʡ
˵Ѱ˴ľĽ䣬ͷ¸ԣӰԼ
ׯ£誵ϣȦסܸܵĲĺ͵ͳ
֪ʼ֢ʱΧôҵ𣿡ׯû̸̳¡
̧ͷؿűˡ
ΪʲôȱׯϼŴӵͷ׷ԴõģѧϰɼҲõġӦǲŶԡô϶Թ԰˼룬вȡעɡµ˵˶ˣԼҲôΪׯ
һ²֪˵ʲôЩ£ׯûҲûʹ
ܳһʱ䣬ĹעҺܴѹҾ϶ȫԼĴһԽԽ֢״ԽԽءͬʱӲ֪ҲƴأԼһ
Щ۵ׯ󱳣ǸʱӦú˽֢أ
ҿʼ/УҾú裬ԶǶҵط˷ôһֱżȻ֣ҽڹڵҽǽ֣Ӧ˵˰ʱҽ֢ѧԼҪĿ⡣
ׯͣһ£誣ڻʱ粻ңǲǲôص֢״ҲΧ˵Ĺ۵ͬǲǺҪѺܴŴ
˵Ƕ֢кܶƫۻá
иָҪƫӰ졣һֱǸŵŮЩô˵㲻ͨһڸСҪһʶһ޶ׯء
ţ£ûչĶԿۣԾͱӰˡһû㹻ŵıǮɡŬһĲ誰ͷׯͷ˲䡣
ׯûٶ˵ʲô§ˡ
˻ᣬ誻ع񣬡ׯӴ£ûȥղұ̳ɢע
ԺǲҪӰɣׯû˳誵Ļߣ۲ڵûʲô塣
ţΪʲôô˵㲻ǻׯô
֮İֻãӻһֵľСͺܺá
誱ׯԴͷӨɫ˼˻ᣬҳΪǰʱǡǶᡣкܳʱ乩ѡ񡣡
ãһҪӣ˵ȫ뷨
˱һ졣ղŵĲɢ
֮һû۹ĹʶԷĵʱ/
***
ڶϣׯμѧ硣ᣬֻеһĿдвʸμӡ
ܽһԼԺķչаڴ˽붥Ȧӵš
ǳȥ侰ˡʯšʯ·ʢǳǳһˮСӣϵĽҵĵʵĽ࣬󻺽˰챼᳡ȫעƣ
һֱϾŵ㣬誽ӵׯĵ绰ȥҹˡ
ׯڣΰžƵ̨Цʡ
á𣿡
ˡǲǺȶˣнҩԵȣ͹ȥ
á
誹˵绰ϢȥׯסľƵꡣ
·ϵＸͬ£򵥴к
˾Ƶſڣţźܿ챻򿪡
߽ȥûˣ׼תͷסź档
ͻľٶ誾һܿ챻ס
ǿӶᣬ¡
ҪŪҵġ·誴ǰˡ
Ȼ·صĸO@
ọ̈̄誱ţҲ뷴ţšûΧˣ˵ҾϵĽڡ
˫˫۽գĴ󺣣һ˸߹һˡ
һֱͣЪ˱£ûվȣ˳»ܿ챻һֻ
ϰһļͷȻ󱻷˴ϣϱ
˻ᣬ誺ƽۣڴͷңͰ͵ĳŵ˶һˮ
誵ͷ΢΢̧𣬱ι˼ˮ
ûȾƣʣűסʱʣûüʣͱѹסˡ
ûȡˮðİ׾ơ
㻹ͽҩֱ̧ׯӣȻʣֳϺȾûʲôɣҲû㱨ˡ
ԺǱҪȣٺȾơׯء
ţ誰ͷİſˡ
ׯûش𣬸ŵ糺ĲͶղſô
̧һţЦղַʽ۰ɣϾҪеء
á
Ŷ治誸̾ׯһֱˢ֪ȻҲԸⱻԸࡣ
Ϊһֱǳġе鶼ܺá
˻ᣬׯֻݸ誣誱
誽ӹֻ˻ᣬۣû˵
벻ȥȥĻšȥĵط˵ϵׯϵͷʡ
ղ調ļһϵ꽲ʦµĿҪְƽҪˡҪһƪ£һҼ⣬Ҫһѧ
·ݣԺ˵Ҫݹ·ļһЩĸһֱڵļ
һļׯӢѧѧУѧߵҪ誶㡣
ĿǰҪֻѧѾ׼ͶˡҲ뵽ˡ
˼ʱׯûš
ҳҰô죿һҪ誷ְͷͷ֪ȷѡ񣬵ô֮ǣ̾ͬ⡣
ٿׯ誺ס
ùׯֻׯϴ󡱵졣
죬ׯյԺ·֪ͨԺְƽҪĸⲿļû⹫ڵϵ쵼ͨĽ׶Ρ
ׯڻ᳡æ˺ˡ
ϵΪ˵飬Ϊܿظˡׯ˵誣ģʱ䣬϶չ˺Լҵʱȥ
Ϣׯ͡ϴ˸೤ʱ䣬ȥ誡
̧ͷ˫⣬Ź⣬ͷ񱻶˽ˮ޻˵
ׯְͷḧĺף誱õ㸸ףһչʱȥ֮ǰĹᶪ㣬㡣֮ǰ㲻˵и˵𣿵ʱҸһֲˡ
⣬ÿһɹȥһΣӦ졣ϸ˵ʱȥǸѧУʶܶˣҸϲȥҲҵ˰㡣һܿȥҪҪԣ
誱ۣͷỬ䵽ׯϣֱ
˰к֮ǡûɲȥԡ
Ҫģׯһֱھ


 74 

, 磬λ½̡ûлѧУǵ˵Ҫؼҡ
Դھ, 
߸յ꣬ׯʹȥܽľƵꡣ˵ڶ磬ֱӴзɵطȼ١
˾Ƶ, Ъ˻ᣬʼ۶ȼٹԡ
ׯʦʮ, Ǿһط棬ҪշתطɳϿʡ
һҵ, ಻̫Զ, Զȥû·, ʱ״ٰ̬š
áȺú˯졣ϢĲáȵ档
ţ, 誱ǽеҪꡣ
ʲô£ô課ʡ
Ѿ, Ȼῴû⣬ǽͶȥ˽һ¡ׯЩʱˡ
＾ѧׯÿҪоһδ, Ҫܶʵ飬׼εĻ㱨ʵ, вϵһЩ񡣵£һֱڳ޸ģдúܺãĶĵطࡣ
һͦ, ŵʣĶĶô
ׯù輸ϵֻļ誣࣬дúܺãҵԤڡ
ԭԤģΪҵˮƽܲׯʦʵ˵ƭңʡе棬ׯеرѧˮƽ
ׯû̻شʰ䣬һߣ߹ɳϣ§誵ĲӣԼͷͷ˻ᣬô˵ɣ֮ǰ˽⣬Ϊд80ֵͺܺáʵϣ㷢ҵԴ95֡
Ϊáյǡšô˵һʼǼģ
Ȼ񡣲ȻΪʲôῴ㣿ׯŤͷʡ
誴ЦǿϵĽʵĸ첲˳ׯϣĲӣȲһҵϡ
ҡ˵һζʱʱׯྱÿģҳúÿһǸϲ˵Ҵġôһ룬ǵӣҪ򴫳ȥ
˵꣬
˻ᣬׯɳǰĵ̺ϣһԱĤܸɾһЩ
˲ڵ̺ϣɳأŲ輸ϵĵԣʼ޸ĵһһ顣
빤״̬ˣ࣬ҲϽ
ׯ޸Ĺĵط課ǺףͻָΪʲôô޸ġ
ׯһһĽͣ˵ԼĿϣ˫ǿ˵ǲöԷŷơ
һСʱ޸Ĺĵطһ飬ɹʶȻֶԼĵԣͷβһֲؼ顣
šֻżͼ
Ƕ濴ȥڿԵˣڽǰļ顣
˶ڵ̺ϣ˫ڲ輸ϣĶŸԵĵĻʱʱ϶֡
Ͻ͸¶һ˿ɰ
ͬʱ꣬Զ£ͷһЦ˶ƴд﷨ϵĲϽ
ĵд֣jin Song and Chen Zhuang
ָ֣Ťͷ΢ЦſˣׯڣһʽҺܿģҲҡллᡣԺпܵĻһỹ㡣
ׯ䴽θʦĺ죬ҲɡԺϣиᡣ
˵꣬ͬʱԷ໥˱ĺ󱳡
֮ʼ׼Ͷ塣
ڿ誻ûע˺šׯͨѶߣӦҪ˺š
ׯʦ˺ζ֮󷢱µİҪ㽻ž֡
û£ҵľѶࡣ誱Ͷ塣ЪᡣׯһȣƳסԴͷƯĲ
ãׯʦ˺ź롣誰ѵԷׯǰ
ҵ˺ž롣誱һ¡ׯ˵ſʼ֡
§ׯĲӣĲǡϵҲӦԼĿռ䡣ЩҶǡֻҲøҡҵҲ㡣
Լסʱµ״̬
һ̲סһ쿴öΣһֱšҾ͸ɴ಻ˡյʼתһ¾ͺá
á
誵ͷעͶУׯһûš˳ĺڷʱʱְܵ࣬ͷ쵽
ׯڷҶ̨ҵһСزɫӣ°ڵɫȥϴϴ˰ˢӣȻɳϣ誰ͷ
һСģָԵݽһͷûע⵽ָϵʱͳͷ
˻̲ס
Բ𣬵һЩеء
û£һ¾ͺáͷе鷳֮󳤳˾ͺˡ誶ĻͶָϺҪ
ׯŬһᣬȷͷˣϵϽᡣҿĲƽԴһͷ˴󲿶ӣˡ
誷û취Ӹ˳˳ȻٿǴȻ̲סҪͷ
誰ղ裬һͶ嵽棬ҪӽϢŤͷʣׯʦнܻ߱ѡôPubMedѼߣǵ֡͵λȥ
Ѽֻǽ顣äƺϸ񣬴ʱ򣬱༭οĽ顣Լרҿ⣬ѡ塣
ţ֮ǰֳ˺ܲõѧ¼ôαͬ飬ϢԼͨӰܶӡԭʥĿĨˡͷɳϵ˵
ÿһжһЩڰɡԼ̺ѧСһ˵Ŀǰֻչ˵Χ
ţһŬ
һ죬һͶ壬ԭŵͶ̱ɡ
һСʱ調ϴļɳϣļϡ
ׯӵĲһܿģоڹ
ǵõһͶ£һһʱ䡣ÿһ³һ춼رţ緹ûгԡһò׼ĵطҾͶʦʦǿըȫ̺ܻҡͶ꣬룬᲻Ϊһûԣĳдͱ༭ܸ塣һҲûˡ誻ԼһͶĳ
һζҲܽš
һΣҺܵĵطأһҲ¡ллׯʦҵĺܡҺܰġ˵Ťͷׯ
̸Ц䣬ļϴɹȷϺҪ㡰submitť
誰꣬ͶɹĽ棬ЦŻףǹͬŬ˼µġӡҪȥ˵ϲ
ׯֱ̧Ӷǳȥ䣬Сԡûôɣ
ðһµصꡣҲˡ
˻·ǣֳš
򳵵ѵСԽ֣У̻ƣ˼ʮ㡣
һ·ԣԵĶ᳢һ£Щ˼ڣζЩ֣󶼱ׯա
˺ܶСԣԵúܱ̤ɫؾƵ꣬˯
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ڶ쵽˻ʣǻȥɣ
ᣬȥľһС˺Ҳûˡ
ŶûдӾ¡
ȥ򡣡
ǿÿıȻôׯŦʡ
ԡ
ȥʲô˼˶ɹȣģҰĸһһ¾ͱˡ
ʦ㲻ȥѡġׯ̲˵
ҲƯһЩ
Ưȹӡ
˷ɻڻ˰꿪ʼɹ
ׯȷʵ˺ܶƯȹӣЩȹӴ󲿷ǳŲӵɳ̲ȹ¶ǼĨعϥȹ߶Ȱѿصĺϸ
һԹһ׾ƺɫȻᣬһؿׯסĲҪòã
ׯŲٵĿ·ĬĬ΢³һ֣򡣡
誻ϲصǡ
ȵִҪׯ򻨻̵ɳ̲ʱӲǱܾˡĳ˰ڳһ򣬵Ҳᴩ顣
誣ǸׯʦԵᡣ
ȻӲһ䣬Ҫұᡣ
Եøഺûѧһ誾·˵˵
ҪҲ겻ᡣ
誷˸ۣ·Żȥ
װϵִҲû˭ˡ誾ˣӵʢյׯʦܴʲôԳһ羰
˾Ƶ꣬ڶ죬һ·ôûıȻᡣ
ׯȻڣڵˡ
ɣǵ˰Ҫǻȥʣ課š
ȥ棬֮ʱ˵
ѣѡ˼ĵȹſɳ̲ñīŰɫTɫ̿㣬īׯ˾Ƶš
С졣һһͧ϶ȹġ˺/ʪĿͧյ塣
ʱʱǺʹ
Բֻһ̡˶ŵø⿪þȫԶԷİҪ˴õ飬໥֮Ŭϡ
һԼںϣϣ˶ǳӯˡӼװ嵽ϣ˾ûſ˴ˣѷᡣ
ǲ嵽˼ΣҲ֪Ǽ˯ŵģԺǵñ˺ܾã˯ʱ͸˲᾵ĺƽһϼӡԶգҫۡ
˯ǰ棬ͬʱ˻ָдԵе㣬˯ɡȾŨ/˵Ϣ
ڶѾ磬е̧첲ġҪǱѣ˯ϡ
ۣûˣڼװϣߵׯ
·Ժۣ߳ȥͷ̫ۡˡׯʦԺŵ㡣ʲôʱģ𣿡
ۡû£ߣȥԷ˯
ϣڼװϣǡ
֮Ҫʱദʱ١еˡ調ǳü˵
û£ֻǰѷһ£ڼǷ㣬ҶᲹϡ
Ŷ˵ԺǲǾˣƽʱæȻһԷ˯żԼᡢȼ١
ôƽʱʱţҲ£˾ͽǵĸҲΪ嵭
˻ᣬһе㵣ġǺһֱһǵġʵ
ׯͷֱۣ˻ᣬҪŬ綼øáԷܶྪϲھصԸʱʱйĿ࿴˲䡣
ţҪøḻʢвΡʵ˲ô˽ġҵڶ˵˽㡣ܸо֮ھ˸ӦöܿġΪһʼҾͽׯˡҶϲ
ׯù誵֣ףллϲܱϲĿǰΪֹҿĵ¡誣лл㡣
лͬͨĸлһַĵĸмһԺ˵ʱܸоůȪˮʹ
ׯϲΪұҸϲǸԼӦ
˵꣬Ťͷׯ飬רעһЦ⴦ŷĹâԶյǳҫۡ
£صźԵĺ棬΢΢ҡεͧˣΪϸ繡
һ̣ò񻰡


 75 

ת۵˶, ϷʵеܱﺮȥÿڿŲ
رϣ谵Ļɵ, һ𴲵ûУܾõ˼붷Ȼůһ뵽ҪͺܲԸ
ñӡ֡Χ, èһŸҳš
죬ʵ, ذ칫ңֻׯϢ
ׯҪȥүү̡֮ǰ˵õġ
ֱ̧, ʱ, ͸æȥ¥ԡһ˸ױһ·Ƿ塣
У, ׯĳ誰ֽں
ȥүүﻹȥʡ
үү, ȥԸׯշ̻ء
ŶӦԥһ, תͷʣǼҳô
ţǼҳ誱, ýšڣû˸Ϊ㡣
֮ҪôûֱҪҪׯĸ׺͵ܵǡ
Ҫ
ûټˡЩׯᣬҲٸʵס
˵ط, ³󣬴򿪺ţֽ
ׯ߹ü, Ǹүү̵
ţܲÿš誻ءĶĩźʱ̳˺ܾúѡġ
ׯֹ˵ͷûߵ䡣ʵҲ׼׼ˣʱó
ׯǣ誵֣˳ſߡ
Ҫ˵ǲܵģſԽ誵һŻʣʮԶͣ½Ų
ׯվŤͷ誱ú£ǳԸĻͻؼҡܾáһֱߡ
΢ͷЬ⣬Ǹׯʦҿҵױ·û⡣
ׯ߽΢̧°ͣŻ԰Сߵ·ƣϸ˿û⣬Ưֹɣû˲ϲ
ģ΢ͷС¹۾˸
ţСʱ֮󲻻ҪӦ
誻ֽׯŽȥ
ſڣţͰ׵Ӷ˹ţү
ƺ誻һ飬ɴۣŤͷˡ
ׯеֻС֣ЦųӶ˵ͷ̣һ£ҵŮѣ誡
ϵı飬ת΢ЦŹɴк̺á
Сã׼ˡ
ׯ£Ьó˫Ь
ׯ׼誻Ьʱæ£Լ
˻Ьվվڿλ׷ԲԵˡ
߽ׯλ˽誣򵥴кƵԷ
ϣܰû˽̸Ҷעǣʲô
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ͽᣬзװ̶ȣ͸¶ŵĸ
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ׯǣ誵ɳһߣλڶɳϡ
ȿڵүүСׯͬ£
֮ǰׯλ˵˵誵
΢Цŵͷţǣͬһϵʦ
Цŵͷܺãкܶ๲ͬ⡣
򵥺һᣬүүׯȥ鷿
£ׯ̧ͷʣһ˷쵽ŵֻСֳˣ϶ǽŵµġ
Цųׯ˵ȥɣүү㣬ҸС̸һᣬ֤Ϊ
תͷׯֱȥɡ
ׯүү뿪Ӷ˱֭ŵǰ
С֪ׯù֢𣿡̿żɽ
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Ȼ˵÷̳Ȩά֮ĸ飬֪ľģԲǡԺǱߣǲҪܣҲҪԼСӾСпյĻӭǳ
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̶ǰĲ豭˿ڣЦСûȤ˵˵ׯѧУӣһֱܺ棬Ϊû˴Ǹҵ
ĵ⣬誾һЩʼԴԴ˵ׯĸָ߹ʱ̣ΪϵΣڴ㱨ϵķɻаΧ顣
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Ťͷׯׯͷֿ̣ӹллүү̡
һֱصϣ課ž쵽½ˡղŲڿǳԷʱ򣬶ͦżֱˡֱѵϡ
ׯû̷Խп̨˱誣ˡ
û£ǽţȿԻš
ҲڵʱûΪ㣿
û̺ܺáׯʦŶԣǴүҽͨ𣿡˵Ų˲䱧˵Ĳӡ
ׯЦЦǿԣҲûͨͨһ˵ǿ㡣֮ǰ˵ҪŮǵġ
˻صׯס誽Ϣ׼ȥϴ裬ׯסȿ̸
ù򿪺ӣȻסˡ
һʯһԷ
誶ֵľ飬Щ϶ˡ
ҪȥɣƽʱЩġ誺Ϻӣݸׯ
£һ⡣ҼҲʲôˡԺҲûи೤谮㡣ׯǰ誵ͷ֡
ʵҸղ룬ûׯңǲǻһ𣿲ΪŵڣҸ㲻ӴĹϵͽֻλˣҶŵС罻治̫С̹ϡ
ԺõˣкܶҪӦӻܼ򵥣ûЩ߰¡
誵ͷ
˻ᣬׯɿ誣ù輸ϵǮ򿪣һ֧Ʊݹȥ誱Щŵп
調ۣģ
үүģǵĽ𡣡
ȥ/λˣҲ̫˰ɣׯүһ𾪡
ׯүѾʵˣԺûֺôˡׯɳϣ˸ȣػء
調Űڳһү̬ĳˣɳϣ֧ƱһᣬЩ֮ǰҵЩֻҪԺ󶼲ΪǮˡô죿뵱ˡ
ǾڼšׯһȻӡ
˼룬誷֧Ʊվһ࣬˫ȭͷҡø˹һſǽڣвУһҪΪأջΪʲôҪôϽˣȥϴ侲侲
˵ԹԵش󲽳¥ˡ
ׯŤͷһıӰǣ˵˾䣬ÿɰ
***
ףڶ誹Ƽż̶֪ͨ˻Ʊ
ׯٲҲ˵ʲôϾûһٺʮһ誶Ӧûؼ㡰ϴ󡱵ġ
һΣûʲôɿסˣؼҡ
ڻؼǰ誵ȰҡϴķѾװ޺ˣͨ硣ѶȰᵽ¼ңׯס죬˵ķӣʡ𡣲жǮûǮܻ
꣬͵óˣõʱҪڣԴؼǰЩŪꡣ
˵ҪңʱԸ£ýʲôж롣
ҡͷҪҵĶǾϸѡģӣҴͺá
ʱ誵³ָһף·㴩˼Σһδʲôʱ򣿡
ǵˣǺܺÿʱҲ˴Ǯġ誻һ˵
ÿĶֲ˷ѿռ䡣óһߣԾˣҲ˷ѣ˵Ҫ
ϸ˼˻ᣬҧҧðɡ
ʰһ죬ŰѶá
˲ؿŶĴССͱ֯
Ů£޵׶뵱һͶңһ롣С誣ǹ԰ʱ̾
һһֱûʲô˭֪ôࡣ΢ػء
䣬Ųȥš
ţ˴źɫ£һӵׯŵƮķ㣬һϲˣ
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ٽż٣ϵиܽ飬ׯ쿪һᣬûʱʰ
ʱתͿڽׯ誣˸ۣ´ҪѴ
£˭˭
ׯʱл󣬴ӴССУҵȥ·΢¯ȷˡ
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ʱ誵ͷׯôҪһ˳ȥԷˡ
ţܵϸġ
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Сǹѳ۾۰
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Сǹеķ糱Сǹããʱɰ鷳Ķãеճˣ˳Բ
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ҪҲᵽǸȥҴ˼Ҫˡҿŷӡ˵
ҪҲŲҪȩǸ䣬ˣʧˣίˣȥһ᳤ס͵ҵһ
ã㡣ŮҿԼӸô
˵
Ժ˺ӣׯȥȼ͸Ҫͷȥסչ˺ӡ
û⣬ֻҪİѺӽҡ
ķģ

Ůɢ죬Ʈķ㣬ӹС
ںܿ죬ׯˣλŮԷ
˳ɳ˲
ϲĲˣ㣬ຫŮˡ誰һǴＹںʱǰ
ʱչȥ誶ߣСׯ˵Ұʲôˣ
û˵Ҹ˵ϲʲôˣ誷ʡ
ô֪ģֲϲǴＹҳﻹһ̲ҲҺϲġ
룬Ӧ֮ǰһ˼η۲쵽İɡ챾ҪԷϲԵĲˡϽԡ
˺þץ㣡Ͻ飡
֪֪ˣ裡
ׯڶ棬ŶŮ˽û˵ʲô
극ׯʱ˳誻صķס
ʵϲˣׯȥġ
ճţѩˡ
誾ǳѩ
ׯ̧ͷѩ䵽ϻˮлѩȥѩˡ
ã
ׯţ˱һѩȾϰɫ˸ÿ
誷ׯϣһֻ֣ѩѩҡҷƮģˮǺӰľϲ
ׯʦ֪Ҽǲѩģļ紺ȥ﹤ܿѩһֱҺٻؼҶûѩһȥ֮ѩˡҹѩûѩ
ԤӦûѩϢãǾͳȥ档
ðѩĺϣ˯ѹǰããһƬҪһ硣
еġ
м䣬ִҪ
վ룬΢ͷ¶Сݣľ飬̯֣Цӭһ
ׯóֻĻͷƯŮӰ㵥˫ЦգΧѩ衣
ؼ䣬һ覣Ųۡ
ѩҹͬڹ20꣬вһķ羰ſѩĴֿѩҲ
***
誻ؼҺׯѧУ˺ü졣
Ʈëѩׯվڴǰͨ˵绰
ιׯʦؼ𣿡
ûԹ𣿡
ճ꣬ɢ̫ˣһѧУ㲻˵֣
誱ѩˡϴεѩɫ
ءѩгһؼµ÷Ҷûѹѩˣ誰Թ
ѩ죬˯ǰ誻ڻǰããһƬȥѩ̡Ҫȥѩ̵ѥӣ׼ˡ
աԼǲǰһֻþˡ漴ڱﰧ˰Сʱ
Ҫһѩ𣿡ׯŻ˺һѩĵ˵
룡ϣһȥ֮󣬻ѩ
š
˻ᣬ˵绰
ɢ경ȥ̳˹ϴæкܶҪϽ꣬˿ԸϻؼҹꡣԼĶûô
˼СʱһѶؼңʰ˻ᣬϴ裬ʮһ㣬ϴ󡱻Ϣ˵Ȼᵽҡ
誸׼¥˯ΪϴԿˡԾֱӰˡ
ǰһĻˡ
վŵǷ糾͵ˡ
һ𾪣ȫţǰ˵ţôˣ
ׯһݸ誣ѩˡ
誴ؽӹ䣬ס 
򿪿
ԭض£æ򿪱䣬һΩΩФֵСѩˣ۾ܲıӣϻһС辡ѩ˲󣬵ǳɰ
ҵ죡ʹׯϥ򵽵ϡ
Сʱǰׯ˵šΪǵѧУ
Ϊؼңſڶˣһ
ׯŤͷæվá
ãӭǼңôݣΪ΢Ц˵
誰ѱϰ֣Ҳöûѩ˰ɡ㿴ѩˣǲǳɰׯղ͹ġ
AùģΪͬ𾪡
ţ˺ܴѩ誻ء
ΪתͷׯһºͣллݣӶҸ档
ԸŮĸֻ롣ޱοͬʱҲǳм
죬誵Ȧ̬ǼϴһȥȦһݲݵĶ̬ĵڶм˽һʱ䡣
ļ紺ļ磬ʮһ㣬иҵļţһѩˡõлл~
лҪ˵֮첻£ԵдԵ

 76 

һ, 誼һꡣ
ԭׯѩǴֱӻȥġձΪˡ
֮ǰϴ󡱽һЩׯ¡һΣΪصׯ̸̸, ꡣ
課ϴ󡱸ׯ˵ʲôׯ꣬ǳġһ˿Դһ顣һ, ׯһ˻ȥˣ֪Ҫȥꡣ
֮ׯס誼Ŀͷ˳˯ʱ, һرΪȥʱ
ׯڼ, Ȼ˳ȥ֡ȥﶼ˵㡣ĵ, ׯܺʲôĵطһͨ͸˵ġ
Ҳׯ, ΪһԷ˺ܺϺ֡
ʮ, 磬Ϊڿд, 誾Сʱī, īˮ֮ǰע⡣
ׯվһߣŴſͨӼҷ, βС˳ǰŮһߵͷīߴָͦѹȵǳЦӳⷽ١Ŵͳף, ܰ
óֻ˼Ƭ
̧ͷׯֻæֵסѽҪգûױҲÿ
ׯֻƬء
ͷ죬룬ͷðɡĵúÿһ㡣
ƽʱֻϴˣȷʵܰļͥաܶʱšϴġЩȻֻĵ
Ϊдƽ̯ŶСطŵ鷿輸ɡ
ׯʦдͦÿģҪҲдһԣдÿҷſڡŤͷʡ
ׯվһߣЩԥëдòô
û£͵档誺ܺׯ˵Ĳж಻áܾòڣΪּӦרѧġ
ΪдëʷڱʼϣǿŶ͸ȥſȥ׼
調šϴ󡱽˳Сׯ˵Ұֲڣׯʦԡ
ׯóΪ뿪ռġûѡ
ǰׯ䣬ддò̰Ѷʬ𼣣Ұеġ
ׯЦЦߵǰʣմմīˮ
վׯ棬ŶֽһؿŶ˱䡣Ϊׯԥʣһǳд֡
ˮܽء
ݵز飬֮ǰ誾ׯıǩֽϵּһΪëдģҲܿ
ׯĲǳת࣬ñƮݳţιϣˮתиб仯
һݵؿŶˣ㶵˵ׯʦǫˡҸоҰֵҪȥˡ
誱ҰѶһߣд
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ܿׯдȻȥ֣һʶɡ
˻ᣬΪö۰ڲ輸ϵĶ£ͷëֲ
ᣬûˡ誸ׯȥſΪĶˡ
վһ߿ׯĴȣЦ˵ǼǲҪġ
ׯȥæڿϷ
ʱʱ̽ͷţæȻߴ͵ıӰҪҰæ𣿡
شͬأҪ
Ŷ
ûֱ뿪óֻ˺ܶƬƬ˴󲿷ֶǱӰȴг
ĳ֮ǰңׯӦҲû¡
ҪûκϰûдǿκζԶԷ΢ʣദҲѣ̫񳤱
գֻصɳϷ
㣬һҹ
ϰ֣ׯʦЩҶֲ˭ġˮƽһˡ誳˿ڲ˵
ΪŸ課Ĳׯ㾭Сˣ
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ȥʱһЩű䣬һ¾ͿԳԡׯתͷ誡
ãʱҪˡҪʱҪˡƿһĴڡգۿׯ
ǣңƿ꣬˵Ļׯء
Ŷá
ΪŶ棬ûв廰ﵹǺο
ڿʵҲǿĿǴһйķΧ
ׯʦ֮ǰڹôɳϣһܱߣ輸ϷһЩʳСԣżһ
ôʵҵĶˣżǹꡣ
궼Ťͷ
࣬Ϊڹ⣬ϰǱߵжڡʥڣôꡣׯأʵܶʱǹٽڵʱźܶ๤æˣ˸С
Ǽ죬ֻôΪǮǿ϶ᷢܶϢ
סׯ֣û˵
ǿɳȵΪڣԺһꡣ˵⻰ʱûׯǶŵĻ
ãллׯӦЩͣս誵֡
˻ᣬׯֻʼ򿪿ۣȻֻݸ誣誱
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ľʼ꣬Ȼׯȷϣˣ
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誰ѻèһߣվ˫ȭ컨壬ˣҾȻ˶Ҫ¥ܰ˰ף
ΪͻȻŮһãȻ벻⣬ׯһ¡
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˵ڿ㵸߶û취ѪҺҴܣԴȫǱϲõ̻䣬ɫѣΡ
һҵ죡Ҳһ죡Ȼ25һ죡
ȻŤͷˣ飬һ࣬˵㲻ŮѧеһԱ
˶һۣ漴誣϶㡣
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ΪܸܵǷݷĵϲɾ͸Уׯ˾پƱлл㣬СܱϿɡ
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˼ҵŮֻСʱҳĳɾ͸кͿҫĶСһֱҾϲûʧΪϹŵЦݣ۽Ŀ誡
ׯͷʶһ꣬ҲͬĸܡллŮ
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ׯһ߿ţۿܿ͡ԸŮĸ鼫á誶׷ǳһΪ뿪誻ıʹ
˻ᣬΪӷóǵѹǮ֡
誺ׯӹл
ȥϢˣҪǶˣûĲˣһ¾ͿԳԡ߳ȥҲԣעⰲȫΪͽ˷䣬ûٳ
϶ȥ̻ˡȥֻׯһ죬ܶϲãŴй˵ķʽһꡣ
ʮӭµһꡣ
֡ׯߵ
֣µһҪׯʦˡ
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һͬѧУһܺҪȥӢ
һܣæŸʵҸջعĸڽ׼ǳԸ𷹡һ쵽ûͣЪ
ЩһҪҪ
ϣϰ״£ȥׯʵҡʵҵ䣬ͬŰ״µׯ
ׯʦãѧʵˡ誱ʵ¼ţվſڱϹϾ˵
ʵ̨ǰ۵ׯ̧ͷֱȸʾһ飬ȻָֻС
á
ûκοĳɷ֣ʦϵһ
ׯƵʵмϣʾԱߡ
Ѿһֻ󱻹̶嶨λϣׯһ߲һ˵֮ǰƵʵɣ
ҩûµ缫ϸԻҪѧϰһ¡
һһѧׯģڹ·ġ
ڷɻϣׯĥȥ»Щ׼Ҫ뵽˱ȽҪһ㣬誱ѧУʱҽһʵ顣
ţʲôʵ飿
缫ֲ롣ȥӢǸʵұûʵ飬˽㣬ҽ㡣ׯ誵˵
ᣬׯʾһ飬ÿһĺϸһϸ
в׵ĵط𣿡ׯʡ
ˣʵѶȣҹƵöϰС調ıʼ˵
ֻԡׯ˵ʵø誣óһС׵ݹȥ
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Ӿ£Ҵ룬СĽ룬Ȼ΢ȷʵˡ
ׯʦҿһôͷվߵ˵
ׯ΢¿˿ûгѪҲû֯ܺã
˿ղⲽؼģҪϸ
Сʱ󣬵缫ɹֲ롣
誷еӣתͷʣô
ǳãϡ֮ǰûʵ飿ׯü
ûֻǰһ㡣
ɣʦܿҲΪǸʵҵıׯ֮ǰ˵ʵҵıˡ
ʵҪַǳȣͬʱҪСģһ㶼ϰһʱСϴ֣ܰ»Ϊʵ鱻ſˡ
誵һͺܳɹŮֳ֮ǰʶ
ҪҲҪΪ˵ıֻׯıͷЦ˵Ϊʵ鷽㣬ͷ£м˸С衣
ׯǰſ֣ɫ˫Ůһš誱һֻ
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ׯվһߣŶˣְĽ֮ǰûʵ顣
˸ֻϵײ
ץĴ̶ֹסҩʱĵݣ֪ƽʱ϶˺ܶදʵ顣
ûЩһǺѰƯ崿ӸĿǰЩʵϵһġ
ƽʱŴ὿ز·רҵϣ˿רҵɡ
ׯǴ͵ĿȫλŰ״רעʵ誡Ůһȥһľϲҫ۵Ųۡ
ڶֻɺ˳ɡ󣬿αժףȫǺղֱۼɳеᡣ
ʦׯڣʣһлصǸɰеƤŮ
ѧʦҪʧҵˡׯʰʵ̨ϵе
ֱ佱ˡ˵ûµĻȻȥˣеۡ
Եȣһ𡣡
˻ᣬȥϴֳرϴ֡
ǰ棬׼ʵҡ첲һֻĴȥȻ˸תͷСҲŷ
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صĴ̼˲ɵҲǰû취
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ׯʦʵҰɣҪȥĺη顣
ӦûڣʦҲڡǻǱˣʵҵŴϾаɣ¥мأӦû¡߻ء
ܾе㲻ġʰɣ
誾ǰˣȻϵƿׯ˵Ȼȥš
ŶãʦȻȥˡη׼ŵջȥ
ףʦôе֣Сֹ
ȻǽнԶĽŲͽ̸
誴ڴղˣ̣ԹƷͷˣׯʦûͦ࣬ôѰ̼
ⲻ̼
㻹ֵ£ŶûУʵңҲͬġ
˵Ҫʲô𣿡ׯ̧ͷһֳǽһְס誵ļЩĳζʡ
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˻Ҫ𡣷߲ˡׯһѪֱǣҧгݵһһؾ档
誻ˣ˸ƣǽͷۣһЦķׯ״µ죬ֵ³һ䣬Ŷ԰
϶ׯô֮ǰ˵ڲ뻳С
ׯаҴܣֻۣɫްͳȻ󣬡Ȼ룬ǿ϶㡣
лҪ˵֮Ὺʱ󷨣ʣĲˡ
Ӣ﷭룺Ǻܸ˵֪ͨǣǵָѱգ׼档

 77 

·, ̿ϴƾ, 誸ʵͬ´к󣬱ŵԻؼҡ
ؼ·ϣ·һ𷢱۵޵ŮĻ, ߽ȥ˳ȥԱߵ׼ԵΡ
ͬȥĸҵ, ˡϤżῪСЦ
˼ſ, », ӰҵԿ, šŶѽݣ, û⣬Ϊȥʵǹصˡ
ѻڶණڿ輸, 쵽˲ԣ˽һǵɳϵı֮ǰŵġ
æֻߵű, һţָ, ׼
ʱһ誱誸æתˣضȥ, ˣһΪС͵ˣء
ׯǰܵŵˣң¡һϲû뵽ŵˡ
ȭͷׯ£ʲôʱ򵽵ģһסĻܸߡ´βҪ־ϲˡ
ã֪ˡԺǰ˵
ׯӵ誵ɳϣƽְ̧˳ͷˡǳԲϰĶ
ڶڰʱԷæĴ󡣡調ׯ
Ӷˡ
ģҪȥԷ誾һ벻飬ȥ˳
ŵɢŨ㣬ӸŹС
ׯ߽ȥšͿ
תׯͷЦ˵ׯʦˣʱû͸лл㲻ԶͶιҡ
ׯ̧Դ뿴ȥֻʣһѹͷˡ
誹سǰˣݵĵطûݣҶʳԴء
ׯЦЦȥš
ȥţųæµļխͦεıӰʱ˲һ̻һİܰ
ܿ죬ĲһϲȫԵĲˡ
֮󣬷ϣû˵һ仰רעԷʵͣһֱθװ¸ʳˣŷ¿ӡ
ׯԱߣģʵ֮ۡǰѧߣܿǵϸڣǵˡΨʳΪⲻ󡣽ˮܾãһֱԲϰߣۿɼȥ
֮ǰȥв͹ݣŪθʣҲȥˡ
誳ԹԼÿζʧܵĺܳףʵЪ˼
극ӵɳϣſׯ䣬ָҴʲôˣ
ۡׯ˵
ׯ䣬궫ɳϣۡ
۾ͿϼҵèżЦŽӹģܶèУڻȻͷׯǰһռռ䣬ҵʱûһƽ𡣡
ǰʱȥ㸸һȥֲˡ֮ǰȥ㷿ˡ
Ҳڣϴദ᲻᲻ڣԺԲȥ绰С̧ͷ˵
֪ׯżȥϼҿϴ󡱣ʱ򶼲
ϴׯϼҸһѧתͷȥңӲڼſڵСʱŵ°ġϴ󡱡ϴ󡱾͸ɴһѼԿס
ᣬҺܺãûκҲĵطЩ㲻òġ
šׯʦˣİĺܶϸڡ㶼֪ʵڻĴ˵ǵڻҹ¡ֱһĴڣ誻˸ƣׯè̾
誸ׯˣܸʵĹϵΪׯܵչˡЩֻ֪ͬׯйͬ¹ϵ
ס乫ԢҲׯ֮ǰסĵطˣڹһ̶
ʱָʱգһׯ֮ǰͬʱ֪жܻӭ
Ҳܻӭɣ۸𣿡ׯǻ˵ķ
û˸۸ҡΪǻҪ֪顣˾Ͳˡ㵱ʱҪûعܷչĸá
ȥͲ㡣κ¶ġ
ŶˣʵSofiaƯǸŮ˵׷㣬ܾˡgay˵Ц֪¡ʱ˰졣
ׯĬĬû
㵱ʱôûдӦ׷SofiaĳƯĶһҶĽԸҲܺáѧҲӦ÷ż׼ɣ誺档
˻ᣬûش𣬳ׯ䣬˵Ҫӱ⣬Ҫ֪𰸡
֮ǰûż׼
£˵㣬⻰е͡
һμ档ڶΣҵʱ㣬ʵû뷨ֱǸ⣬ҵһαһŮ𾪡ȥҾ㷢£Ȼ֪ʵ֢оʱ仹̡ܶԾ͸ȡ
˼άŮ϶и˵ĵطȻһ㱻ݡ̴һ²
ׯ渵
Ժ𾪵Ůأ
Ҳֻѧϵͣ뷨㵱ʱҵľϲʱ˺ͣȱһɡԺ󲻻¡ׯ˵Ժ˵ʦҪ֤Ҳgayˡ
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誸оԼ˯˻ᣬȻֱķӦѹ̲סػأһֱгϼӴľʵذϣѣΡ
󳹵ǵڶ磬ûˡ
رߣ׼վ͵վ࣬ǲУֲһᣬͼһ֪
ׯңͿ˲ŵ󱳣˯¶ܿ͹ĺȣ۲ѣߵߣִϵѾˣȥŽߵʣӶ
ûվüС˵
ׯ誣ȥԡңϴ꣬Է
ߴ죬ׯ誳ȥϲĵӰأһֳӢ24Сʱһȫֿ
ֱׯ׼عǰһϣյһ֪ͨԭŽҪһȴȥ
調ׯݹֻʣô£
֮ǰҾ֪ˣֻһֱûׯûоȣֻû뵽ô챬
ϸһ£֮ǰ칫ĿͳǳŮ
ֹһŮ
ʲôֵͷׯֻϢûд壬ͼʲôأӺӣЩŮҲǸѧܺáΪʲôǵôһѵˣ
˻ᣬׯأƲԼͺ̰ͼʴ̼ЩŮеΪҪҵеͨϵõУν̵ʸ񡣡
Щׯϴαѧ/ɧź˵ġΪǸȡ裬ʲôαһŮΪҵһŭ֮Ϸ˴Ϣʯĺܳס
ҡͷҽܵĽһȹˣҸϴ绰϶ʵ̫ܻѧУϵˣƻӰϵЩţ޷⡣
ׯ֧ɳϣ̧ü䣬һƽ󣬲ĲĵİȶȹһѾĪˡѧɾ͡ǮҪġ
誵ͷţǣҲ뷨ʵҺˡҸĸѵ㣬Ǹ̫ౣ밮
ׯ̧ͷǰˣս֣ԺҪȥҲҸЩ˳ȻеġƽҪġ
ţáء
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˻ᣬʣׯʦ»᲻ƵϵλãҪӣӦ𣿡
ʵ̫ϣׯΪһ̯ӣׯҪʰÿ϶ûܴʱѡʱĳԣдĸĸ̫æˣʵڲԸϱණ
ӣλıְׯвɵ̬ȡ
̧ͷǰˣۡпؽǿҵʹУ绪ïɢĹԽԽˡ
ˣء
ûԥסׯߣãȥɣ֧㡣Ǳ̫ۣ뼸˽ǼǮúúչԼܼ۰ҡ
⻨ԼǮׯḺʵ롣
ãģһᰲźá֮ǰѧϰ͹Ҫֿʵ˼£оܺáׯֻ̧סˡ
ģ誾ϲʡû뵽£Ͼ˹ֱƴҲûׯΪı䡣
ׯһֱзǳõѧϰ̬ȣ񵱳һʱ˵ҪѧϰôŮһһ룬Ҳˡ
ţѾѹؼˡƽʱϢҲܺãȻôо񡣡
ׯһȷ˹ѧУùؼҾǽ˯żʱ䵯٣鷨˺ܶࡣ
ׯʦð㰡㣡˵꣬ׯͣ
˻ᣬׯΪ˸ɺۣŵ˫/ˣһϣ˷ѡ
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һ£ѧУ·֪ͨϵ֣ׯ
û⡣
ȥһ£ͨϵźѧУĸȺϢ˽⵽ϵ顣֪ׯΪ˼βķ粨ȡһϵдʩ
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̬ȷǳϿңķҲһϿɡ
ؼЩʩǶʱ䰴˳Ѹٺը˹ǰģǺֶζǳϬ
ºܿ챻ƽϢӰ콵͡
죬誴绰ׯׯʦЩӦòʱ뵽İɣЩ֮ɻ
Ȼͷ˵ǣ֮ǰˣҲһЩ׼ҹĵطҪһƬ
ӯһ˲䣬˫ʢˮһ˲¡Ѿ޷˿̵ˡ
ׯһų֮ġԺðһ仰
ȥ㡣ôؼʱҾȻߣûĿķɣź誾èͷԴ̾ʵ鵽˹ؼʱڣʵڳ鲻
ţǴԿˡ
һ룬ӵèֻŽţٶȳ嵽űߣţ糾͵Ӣڽţ§Ĳӣֱǡ
ġ


 78 

ĩ, һʵİϦߣͶٺɫâ, 誱ŵԺϴʵԢ
;·һͩʱͩҶʼƣһǼƬͩҶѿ֦, еɫ衣еǧλơ
פ, ΢ͷḶ́ͷϷһƬͩҶ趯, Ȼû˸е˸, һֵȻ뻶, һܾһ
֣ſ, Ľ䣬ʮ, ģҶϦ˿, һƬͩҶȻЦ˵㱻Ҵ/, һؼҰɡ
˵꣬ͩҶее鱾УȻ΢ͷϵͩҶ, ǰߡ
ֱоǰ·ס̧ͣͷһ¶ЦС¸ҫۣü䡣
ׯҲЦſ˫̺貵ĹâüչҫۡЦһӶ塣
ɻغׯŻȥ誻ûȥѧУεͩͻһķ羰
ǰԶڶ𷢱۵УийС˳ǳɫȹ˼ɫ£ƯӣȻŲ
һ紵ȥҪĺֱ˳ĳҲɢƺеεظæֲŪҵ
漴רעĿһƬͩҶֽס촽֪˵˾ʲôȻͩҶŽŵ鱾СŵЦݣºͣů㣬һ²裬Ƣ
һ棬Ӱͷһǰ̳ʿκһϸڡʵóֻ˺ܶƬ
һ¡誱ŵԺ鱾΢ͷЦ˵
ׯǣǰһסǰˣ誱Һ㡣
Ҳǡ㱧˯һ˵ʲôҲֻǴһҲá誰ͷׯ˲䡣
οԶ졣ٹһʮһڣׯԼŸԳļ١Ӱలź˸һЩֹɶһ
죿
졣
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û£ԷϿԴһߣǻؼҡ
誴ׯ
ׯӹ誵ĵԺ飬סأЩ࣬ǣ֣ʮָۣؼҡ
Ǿһ档ߴͦӢţżþɫµǣһ׿Խɰ˳Ůڷ׷ҶͩǣǰС϶޷ڲصЦݡ
żƮǵȻܡ
һУ԰ĸоЦ˵֮ǰڹڲ¡
ϲ𣿡
ϲ
˲ԼͬŤͷһЦ
ҺׯʣӶ
ĿƵؿׯ§ĲӣС˵˾䣬żԷҪȡ
Ȼյߣ˵֡
ׯûһ룬Ϻ׵ˣŵϣϡ
һֳԣһḧӣϸϸܵǣ۰Ȼ˵˾䣬Ůһ顣
»誾ڻ¯ϣˡ
ѧֹ
ׯѧϰ誴Ӳɡ
һͬԡů£ḧйٱһ򿪣ǳ̹Ȼɽڣִ̼ǵȴ緢Ḷֱ֪֤́ɽǿ̣һδ̼ʵ顣
ºׯǰ۴ƽϢղŵĲ/
ׯ˳誳ĺڷ˳󱳡
ȡñ˴ϣǶ
죬֮ǰ˵һ仰ׯͷǻ˶ͷ
ľ仰ִׯϣ˸ƣš
˵㳤ʱ̣Ůһ
誰ͷǰЦôǵҵʱ˵÷磿
ղͩϣұסʱһܡׯһСʱǰǸ棬Ķ𾪲ѡ
ʲôܣ誺ͷʡ
ҺŮҵġ
ˣҪƮˡ誴Ц˵ЦƮڷϿա
ղзĸоô
ֹסЦ̧˻ᣬͷ˵Уǳġأ𣿡
ģǳ㡣ллׯ˵ǻ˶
Ҫʲôܰô࿪ĵʱ̶أסҸĸо
ׯƬ̣øܼס˻˵׾һָܡ
û˵ԻÿһϸڣЩ̽Ժʱĳ
***
ׯļ죬Լѧĸо
ÿϳׯͣѧУһʵ飬س緹Ȼ󼱼ææʵҡ޲ٿһ¾͹ȥϾͿһֱһ
ׯڣϰʵ˸ڴʵͿԻȥˡʱʵ鵢һᣬ°ʱƣе㷳꣬绰ׯᰲҪż
߳ʵҵʱᷢׯţ°ࡣǣͩȥ
һ죬°࣬ɫһĨϼƲڱΣ谵ʣƮ꣬ʪ塣
߳ȥͿ˾ɡĸߴˣƣһɨա˱ߣɡڸǵʵʵһ·Żؼҡ
صҷһ·ͷʪˣ𣬸ˬ
ëͷӦöŵԼġ
û£㱻ʪ˿ܻðաҲᡣ
һû˵ϰһΰҹһȥҽԺΣûʲôһ˰ҹ¶ˡ
һֱ˲Ÿׯ͡ϴ˵¡ǵʱ˵һ١ȵ´ٹʱ˶˺ܶҩֳҩˡ
ϣ˵һ¡
׾ҪְˣѯѧУ´ҪڣʱոպãҲ㣬ʱҵóʱȥμ硣˵
᲻ܸϣҪ׼ϣ׼Ļ㱨żĻܻһЩׯ顣
˽ְϵ󡣵һύϣϽ¡ѧϡЩ誶ϡ
һʸͨҪȥд硣ȫзΧġ׶ξҡŵ꣬誵ĵ㣬ʤ󡣶ںæó׼Щѹܴ
ҡͷԣȻ绷ھңҿû˵㣬ᱻ̭лỹԡ
ׯתͷһᶨûֹãȥԡ誱Ź룬26꣬ҪμӸڵĴ磬һѾ̫ˡҪѹɣ͵ȥһ¡
ţ֪ʱҪ鷳ϰһ´硣ȻҪμӣҪ׼
áݽʱ̨ܺãӦǿЩǼӷׯ誷ƣĽǡ
֮ǰϹΣõһЩеĸ׷ѡô˵ҪлׯʦְҶˡЦŻء
ᵽϿΣׯֹջˣ誱ʱҲܸϻϿΣʱֵʱûң
ڼв˵ĶסƳˣȻ˵ܷ𣿡
ׯˣǾһá
ϣûУŮôأ
ׯ׼˵Ȼ˵㣬㡣
ᡣ ׯ¿첲䡣
û¿ӣȭ˺ü£ˣ֡ԺҪҲģһȭߡ
ׯù誵֣֣ղֿ϶ۣϾһӲļ⡣
調Լֶˣׯĸ첲ȴʲôö壬ȻԺҲ᲻㡣
ׯ̧֣ü⣬ʦΪԺұ׼
ңұ̷˰ɣ˲ܡа취㡣
ʲô취
ҡ
ţղŲ֪˭ҵġׯɢĵ˵
һƺׯ죡˵̧꣬źݺһš
ǰʦȭˡ
á
ǡׯ̬Ⱥܺõصͷ
˱߳Ա֣߳Ȼûһ˿ζ̸۵ĻӸոսŵĸڴв֪תƵ¼СС֣ɵĲ¶ۼ
***
12µף誰źʵ飬ڳ˼ʱ䣬ɻع׼ĸڴ硣ʱܽţڵʱͬʱ׼PPTزϡ
ҹׯڻӵһƣˣ۲ѡǰʱ䣬һֱƵδˡ
֪ȥһ꣬ȫĶڹʵѧϰѧϰ˸ǰصļµۣͬʱ˴ʵ顣ʵѧʱЩ֪ͨġ
ȻһͨǸʵ֮ǰ֪ͬġ誳˱Ҫμӵ罻һ㲻ȥ档ΪȺߺ˼ʽ෴Ǹʵҷǳܻӭ
ƯܸɵŮĶᱻӭȥĺܴһԭûʱ䡣пҪѧϰĶ̫ˣÿ춼Լһ˴֣ûȥú
ÿʵһܶʱѧϰҹЩֶĹֿԭȷڹһѧϰģġ
ڳϣ誾Ժ˯ˣ;кˡ
Сͣׯ˯ˣ¥˷ŴϣЬǺñӣ˱ǩֽȻ¥誵䡣
Ժʱֱ賿ĵ㡣˯˺Ϥķ䣬һûӦ˻ѹ
ʱԭѹ˯ˣȥ鷿׼Ķ
ׯۣߣûˣæۣӷ䣬ȥԡңûˡ
ȥֱ鷿ŵſԤPPT誵פ㣬ûȥת¥ȥ˳
ϰ˼飬еʣ¥׼ˮڳæµӰָǰһסׯĺ󱳣ʲôʱģ
ࡣ㲻ߣˡأǲΪʱ˯ţׯʡ
ţʱܡ֮ǰÿ¶ȥңˡ誸пׯӲ˵Щ
緹Ե㶫ߵʱʱܵÿһ㡣
áҺȵڼô
š
ׯʦĺúáһ꣬û֧֣Ӧûúܼѡ誱ׯ˵
ΪͿһҲڹѧϰһңǾϵ֪öͦѵġ
ӦصϤʵңÿһסҶҧ֡
겻ڣһ㣬ûﵽҪСֶӣֻ誸Ѿйѧ鲢Ҫ̲μӽѡ
ȴ꣬úϢ졣Ϸ˯֣ԡ㡣
ãҺþûϷˣֶˡµϷϢûע
誳緹ȥ鷿ׯûȥţֻ˵Ҫҵʱ˵
***
죬誴ȥָĵطûׯֳͬкܶͬУʦׯʱ˳֡
򳡵ˣһһȥ㱨誳׼ʮ㣬ֵȥ
㱨ԼĹȡõĳɹȻʡλزʿҵʱ򡣱ʱĻţڴ˺ܶࡣ
ʱħȥÿһ죬Դˣ϶һݳ뵭
߳᳡ƣߡ£һ̣˼򵥽һᣬƣû˵Իȥ
յׯϢȥͣ˶λ
ҵط˳°˸ȥˡۡ
ׯûзţȥܿ
ŤͷׯеĻһ¿ϲܶ䣬֪ɫ͵ļϡ
ϲʦׯѻݹȥЦ˵
ҪһʱųҲ֪ܲСʵû׷
ûģҵ۹ֱᱻסϣҵÿǽһЩĸˡׯᶨ˵
ׯҪȨı˽һ𾪣š
ǣûô˽֡ʱܻ⼸ĽһЩط΢ýͨһЩׯ͡
ŶáҲҪһЩ䶯ְƣûҪûϾŬͺáһԵġ
õ׼Ĵ㡣誵̬ȡ
ׯûſóǮҲûһж
調ľٶЦׯʦҪýǮʱŬڿǮĹ㹻Ŀҿɿϡ
˵ͷǵ֮ǰׯġš
ׯǣǮóƱݹȥ
誽ӹ۾ɵͭ壬죬ˣȻֵͷƱ
ƱϲĳϷȫֳܾƱλ÷ǳá
§סׯĲӣׯʦ/ɣǻħ/ʦ
ׯϲϷֻҪϲģׯ㡣
ɺͿĵֻް
***
ºׯΪϵյ·ְƽȻ֪ͨԱ
ЩԭģׯûһԴ绰ȥ֪ͨ
һĵ绰Զڹǣңˡ
誽ӵׯ绰ʱʵץ׼ڳ֣ᣬȻ˵˾䣬ϲ誽ڵóԸΪ٣㡣
һ仰˲ӯ


 79 

ũǰ, 誰ڹʵҵһʵβ׼ʵҹһͬ¸
׼ȥԷܵҪһʽһѧ
, ʵڸʱ䣬ټôһȥִҵ߶Ͷת, ߽ʵҵׯ
ǰׯҪ誻عܾˣôۡϵ̫, һֱæڹڷ˺٣΢Щ
ׯ, ҶͣͷĻ, ЦŸк, ָƣǰӵ
ׯԽԽ, ڲͣʹɫ˼Ҫ¶˵Ĺϵ, ϾҪȥˣЩͬ¾ϡ
ׯֱߵǰ, ΢Цǰһס
һס, ܿ췴Ӧ͵ʽкķʽˣ㰵ʾ
ׯܿɿ, һͨӵɵˡ
ΪׯֱĴҲǳֹ˻ŷſ
誴ԭأ޲ҸضȥʵڲʵƺƵĶʮˡ
ׯǣ誵֣ӹͬ𾪱˵Brittany is my girlfriend. Thank you guys for taking care of her over the past year.
ʵﾲһ룬󾪺ʼƿڴ
ã𾪹ƽ׷׸ӵףĻ
ׯͷû״誣誱õġǲ˵ʲôҲṫġ
ȥٸˣ΢Цҧгݡʵûһ컹·
ãڱ
˻ᣬһͬȥԷ
誽״һϸ˵ЦׯڣǳܻԾգóҸ޻˵ʱһЩ˴ŵЦ
һЩ̫ףӦׯ֮ǰѧʱ¡Ͼ˰ꡣ
һ̸꣬ܵׯʱ뿪ع˶ٶ
ȫ֢оãǰصĵط豸ǿǰСÿ궼зǳشķ֡з˺ֶ֢ܶΡ
ҿóЩѸׯϵܺã֮ǰӦˮࡢڲǰ;
극Щһһǣֻȥ
ׯЩƣ調ȥ
˼ң調ɫʣȶˣ
ûƲʲôǲǹҽǵĹϵׯ誵֣ͷʡм£ԭƶеԥ
һʼܣͺˡ˵ģܻṫģԺҲ֪
ţȥʰҪȥˣ´β֪ʲôʱׯ˵׼
ʰˡţ졣סׯ
èŵȼŵı¯ǰĵ̺ϡ̺һŲߺСԡ
Ƕ죬誻ؼҺϲĵط֣ѧϰĶŵģһ²裬¯żӹú⣬ʱ޾˼
ǵ죬Χܺá֮ǰ㽹Ļ档
ڵ̺£ȣׯɹصţ˫ۻŵСǰ
ׯʦڻع𣿾͵ѧĽǶ˵ڲ̸顣誱èͷʡ
ׯһû˵誸˼ʱ䡣
ڡһȥһΪ̣һΪҵĸйȻ֮ǰûһҴȥûȥһҲȥׯȼյı¯˵
϶иõķչһĴ۽硣ԺĻᣬӦûѧϰиʶܱ쳵誸п
ԺǿԾһЩѧ缸ܣʱ䣬Եׯ˵꣬ͣһ¡
誵ġ
оﻹڹڣΪûʲôӦûŬԼʵҡƽ̨һЩƽֻ̨ż߶ԶɶߣÿԼڹڸ豸УϢܷǰصķһֱڽţû󡣡
調渵侲ˣһ˲Ȼһ䡣
νڣһһﶼ𾪵ĳɹ𣿡ׯ˵Żʱûˣ·ڶԼ˵һ
誵һׯ˵ѧϵҰġ˵ǹ֢ġ
誸ׯڵ̺ϵֱšһֱǳ͡ʵ˵֮ǰʵеԸԼر㣬Ҳŷ졣츳ʱҺĽ
ԣׯڣŬ߱ɹһֻʱ䡣調ׯĲ˵
ãһ죬и߻ˣ鷳ҡׯתͷ誣ºּᶨ˵
ţ·ߣء
ڱ¯ǰ˵Źȥǰ̻йͬΡ
***
ڶ죬ֱӴӢɻϼҡмҪˣϴֱӻؼңʡڡ
ڳվڿӻΪǰܹȥҪӵׯЦںϡ
ˣ֮úϢʲôҲΪסܹ˵
ãÿͳԺ˯ʵҵ롣ЦŻء
Ϊɿ誣ǰӹׯе䣬ˡС誣ǻؼҡ
ãллǡׯûΪݹȥǣ誵֡
˺ƺƵͣ
ׯʻţ׼ϳڼʻΪֹȥš
ׯ£ҡͷá
ϴׯȥΪʱΪҪڸʻһׯ誶ںţͰΪΪǷ˾ˡ
ûʲôáȥС誡Ϊ֡
ںţζԻͻȻáϴǸͦˣĽǶǺ棬ֺܴܵ
ׯʦţҿϢһᡣ;̫ˡԱߵγǰ˵
ׯȥ˺Σ˳£Ϣ
˼ң˶׼ˣֻҪ΢һ¾ͿԳԡ
誳꣬׼¥Ϣϴ󡱽ס
С誣ҩȥ
һãȻʲôҩû
˵Ϳϴóһںҩ
誵һʱܵׯ󣬳ס½è̽ͷšϴ󡱣֣ƭҺҩһֱڿҽ˯ߺ˺ܶࡣû⡣ҩҲȣ
ׯԸŮм䣬Ҳ֪ΪҪ誺ʲôҩ˵ʲôӥ׽Сܺ棬͵͵֡
ҩɫ̫ˡϴȥ㣬ȥ㲻ȣҾûڻˣúúҩΪҩ˵
ȣҾûϢãԵҲãؼҾͺˣ誴ſǻ޲š
ĺأҩ˲ȥׯලΪ÷ϻˣҩӵݸׯȻͻ˷䡣
ׯ
ȻŤͷһۣҲס
ׯҩӣ˵誱Ҫ겻񣬲Ҫұϳȥ
һԹؿšϴԶȥıӰȻҰ֣ҵ취ҡߣˮȻϵ
û취޿űӣһ꣬ȵĹвˣ˰죬ȫ綼ҩζ
֮죬誺ׯڼﵹʱΪᾡ°࣬ϻ
죬˳׻
ΪȻҪȥϰ࣬Щȥׯȥ
ֹ֣ׯ˵誱һԼǱչ˵Сĸо
Ұ϶ᱻһԴһǲǲϰߣ
һʼһ㣬Ϊܶ궼ûָоˡúпɽ̤ʵĸо
ţҽϴ󡯣ĸоһԼиޱǿĿɽԲõʲôٲãϴ󡯻ҡ調һ÷׼һЩ
ԺҲҪΪĸס
ŶӰȽɡ˵һ÷ݸϰ壬鷳Ұ
ׯûӻùϰݹĻ
ȥ
***
Ϧǰһ죬誸Ϸܾûˣһʼ䣬ȼĶ־ǵӮɣƴɱһصӮϷĸо
׼˯ŷѾ賿ˡֹڶ챻緹ڼСȺϢǲҪԷ˯ٳԡ
Ѿʮһ㡣ǵ꣬û֮ǰĿͨ˯¥΢һ£˼ɫȹ
ʰã߳ţûˣͷ¥ݣһݣ̧ͷ˴ӹսǳׯ
ׯʦ磬ǲǸó緹ˣ誻û͸˸к׼ֱʳ
׼̧ţȥ·סΪׯϥǰ
誵˯һûˣͷװĵׯͷĿƵؿ
ԺҲ֪Ҫʲô֪ΪʲôͻȻеޣ̧ǰ룬Ȼǰ˵
誣ʶ̫꣬֡㼯һŮеŵ㣬Ư桢ͨ͸ÿһ㶼ҡʱҲһ͸ҵĶһ޶ĸоĳֲǰźҪһߺ뱲ӣԣ誣޸ңòã
Ȼ󿴵ׯóһµСУ򿪣һö䣬ٵǰ
ôҲû뵽ׯʱ򣬻顣Ϊһʱ䣬ҲΪкѡ
룬ׯûӦһ⣬ʱôɣҪ顣
һ̣ر𾲣ͻȻ賯ͷȻͲˣֻһ£һ»
˻ᣬƽ£֣ͷţá
ȴḶ́ׯֽţٴ׼ǰӦæȡָ誴ϡ
調ׯָ΢΢ļվ
ׯָ̧課ᣬޣʽе򵥣֮ٲһ
ãõġҼõĵط誵ͷϵĽָ˵̧ͷͿϴЦ߹
ׯתӹΪŵõ廨ллȻѻݸ誡
ղ¼ƵǶȺܺáףǡΪЦ˵
Ϊϴ᲻ڼңû뵽һ¼Ƶˡǰ飬ֻ˵ļ
ǰ֪Ҫʽ֪ˣõģ˶˵ҪԪء
С誣ޡҪģƯƯġΪ˵һºͺϲá
ϰ֣ҶҪˣôôİѵӦһ𣿡調˵
㽻ׯҷģԺܿġС誣סܼûˣԶŮ
ŸжϲԼŨŨ밮顣
һֱ磬課ŻʱʱϵĽָȻ̧ͷæµӰ
Ƭʱ귢ȥʮӣʱʹ绰
绰ͨ绰ͷţС誣Ҫ
Ҳű飬ʱ仹ûء˵
ҲܣҪİʱһԼ黹
ʱһûˡ
죬ҪǺʱڵ绰ͷϲڿʼҪΪ׼ʲôȰ˵һѡ
ô鷳ͲĴϻɴϯһ𣿡һһ㶵ġ
Ҳԣǵÿܸܲɣϸڶ׼áǼܶΪ񳳵ذģӾƵѡ˾ǣԳܵĵط̫ˡ
ŶҲġׯܸ㶨ҵʱͳϯһ¡һƶ
ʱʱ޻
***
ԹҹͬȥڿɳϿ
һúÿ찡ȥ龰п
ΪŤͷһ궼ˡԺôƴľ͵ģ̫ǿ󡣿ĽҪ
ׯ誵ͷ
˻ᣬ誷ڲ輸ϵֻˣڰһӣþֻͿᡣ
С誣ԣ誣ˣʱʮƮڿϷ
ѣʲôЦûʹ˸ϷӮˣ⻹ѣĥԼʲôṦΰѡ
ȥ㱻ˣʱ꼱ȹϵϣ˵ס
Ѿ˰Ҽû֪ˣˣһ¡
ȥһѣȥȥҵ裡Ҳ̫ˣȫ飡ʱѾͲˡ
誹˵绰ѣȻסˡ
ϸϸ˱ţҵԭģacknowledgementǲһ䣬Professor Jin Song will you marry me
ֻٵׯǰJin Songң
Ȼأׯһ
յ·±յ֪ͨ༭ѯonlineʱ䣬ʱǽ졣һ򻨣׼飬Ϊͬ⡣
ΪʲôҪλ飿Դ̫ʣ׼һ
onlineǰ۱Ӧʽе򵥡
ƪ˶ã調ׯ·ǵһҲͨѶߡ˵ƪԼƣɵġ
ࡣׯء
㿪ʼԤıƪ飿һš
һعǰѾˣȷϵ뷨ȻһʼҪ˭飿ׯ͡
᲻̫ߵ調Լ£һҲʵ
ᡣֵõġΪһѧӵеݵʽһ޶ҪҲǶһ޶ׯмᶨ
ܻңʲôҲʡԺĳܶͷһľӡ
ΪһߣҴȫ㲻״ùֻһš
ԣׯһƪڿСˣΪ֪ôˡ
ţǡׯΪͷ
༭ͬ⣿Ϊʡ
Ǳһתͷץסׯĸ첲ɴۣԶԶԣڿı༭ôͬѧľӣ˵༭©ˣ
༭˵ˡׯӭ˫۾ɻĿ⡣
ô˵ģ誺زˡ
飬ҾתͶڿׯػء
誣
ΪЦ˵Ļвԣ
ʵûô򵥣ׯΪ˵༭˺ܶɣ֪ͨڿһע˳ø˹ע֢Ϊƪ·֢һش⡣
ȷʵһٶõľٶׯڿ༭˹ʶ
ڿҲ˳Ƴһ֢ר⣬˺ܶصĻ֪ʶ֪ʶԷǳǳģȷûҽѧҲܿ
ͬʱׯϵڵڿǰרݷģǳùҲ˽һ֢֪ʶ
ׯĽͣ誾þûزʹšҪĶ̫ˡ
ׯͻȻе㵣ģ誱᲻ΪôҪĿΪ֢ġʼ뵽Ǹ飬ֻڿҪַʽôʶ֢
ţҡͷûô롣Ҳû£ͦõġҾǾòʵô뵽ַʽأζû¡Ҳû뵽ҪôɣͶѧܳһ𣿡
ǲģׯü⣬ͬʱģŪɳ׾
İģԼԺԴһţʲôܱҾûӦ;ôأУ侲һᡣֱסԴȼ䡣
ΪӣЦֵúȾף
誵ֻͣûʱᣬԼҪ
ΪׯȾ졣
Ź˰СʱŪףԴ߰ȻתͷںȾƵׯ˾䣬ׯʦǰԼԺһһȺˡҪԺ죬ᱻǧָ
ׯ㱻ǺھƱģᷢ¡
ҪǷˣٷһƪ£顣һ˵
ΪЦԴʲôأ㿪ĵģ
ĵĲʵҪ㲻õģ֪ķˡ졣
ǲӦףҷһƪ£ׯ誣Լ
ŶԣҲҪϲׯʦٴλȫԱĿ⣡ʵѧӢׯߣЦͷ˵
ӦÿҪ󻻸˰ɣׯץסղŻ֡
誻ζһ¸ղŵĻδ򣿡
šܲ˵һ飿ׯͷΪ⵼ͮͮ˵ǿǵΪԱߣ̲סҧһڡ
ʱ˰ɣӦӦݵת䡣誵ͷС˵
ׯûǿ
ΪƱׯ˵ף㣬ҲллСصʽ

˻ᣬΪطϢطǰʲôУҪȥĻעⰲȫ
Ϊߺׯסǵ𣿡
ĵͷεģ˺ܶɫ̻˵ģһԼǶһ޶ĸо誾Ҫˣÿ¡
Ҿˡׯ誵Ĳ˵
ĺܸߵ᲻ԹӰ죿ԴһЩ
ᡣԺҵĹϵһֱȥܻṫѧУԺҲ֪ȻҪ֪ķʽǣҵġׯ˵Ҫǡ
ܰԵֵסѹһͷҪˣҰֿܻ
ᡣ
ô᣿ֳŻѹĳ˵Դ
˵ʲô˵𴲣ʾѾǳˡׯظΪĻ
誵һ¾ˣɿׯԴһվУһû˵Ĵùء
ׯ⧲ʧȥģһԵɳϣû˵˾䣬Ҫı/ɱ׷򡣡
ׯ˵ʹ࣬תһŤƵɳϣæʣ˵ˣŤô۲ۣ
ۡׯ׽ס誵֣°
/å誶һſԴѣá
Ȼ㲻ǳȥǰֲֵᷢġׯ˵
˸û
ׯͬˣӵ˳š
·ϣڸʻһ£ջǱıѾõӰҹ/ˡ
ׯŷЦĸңԶǹ
뽵ĳƮŻ磬ŵЦȥ·ȫ綼Ǵ˿̵ĿҸ
лҪ˵Brittany is my girlfriend. Thank you guys for taking care of her over the past year.BrittanyҵŮѣллǹȥһչˡ
acknowledgementл
online߷
Professor Jin Song, will you marry me?誽ڣܼ޸
дһ޵ȫľͽͼ죬ܿˡ

 80 

, µףΪһ̨ҽԺ°, ׼ȥ˵ժˡ
ҽԺͣ·˵סȥ·
ǰ, ʶҲĲˡ
ʱĻ, Ҹطģ˿ڡ
ΪҸھܾ˵ׯ, ׯĸס
˶, Ϊͷ
˵ҽԺһҲ, Ҹ˰ĸ䡣
Ϊ֪ׯͻȻʲô£ڡ
Ҽ, ǸŮׯϿڡ
Ϊ, ˵ׯһЩ£֮ǰĹ誱ׯ۸ׯľٶû˵ʲô
ׯϼΪɫ΢, Ц£ֻ˽µĹԶԶһ, ûиӴׯһθ˵ʱ򽻴ǽӽ誡
ΪŲ豭ֶס飬˿ڲ, ֪ν£
ҲһϸĸףԼӽô£Ǵӱ˿֪ġׯϰѲ豭£Ťͷ⡣
³ׯȥְѽ֤ˣǴ٣ѻˡ
Ϊ֪ׯΪµù֢ЩׯԼ˵ġûЩ
ΪĬ˻ᣬ˵Ҽбľ
ׯ̾˵ׯҪûׯκˣֻүү˵ˡλѸߣʱ
ЩׯһۻϣǮģ˽⵽ġ
ΪׯҪׯô˵ҲסܿƽҪİ˭Ҳ档ϣֻҪŮ
ׯϵͷҽ˵ǸΪзӦúóﱸдѡĿǰӣׯԸ⿴ҳ֡
Ϊϲ豭̧ͷüչް߰׵ˣׯһԸ⡣Ը̸̸Ǹòºͣͨĺӡҳͺ֮ĹϵһԸ޸Ҳת
ׯһĨϲ漴ҡͷ̫ˡ
ϴׯ̳Ȩׯϻȥú˽˹ȥһЩׯڼܵĴû˽ģ֮ǰҲΪЩʲô£ΪǼС£ÿҶļ㹷顣
˽֪꣬ԼжΪʱ
Ϊû෢Ѷϼ£Ҳʲô
ׯϣʱҾͲˣ¡棬ׯûãе
˵Ҫ΢Ǹ
ׯݺ̳ʮûйľٶ
Ȼóһ֧Ʊ׵һ⣬鷳¡
Ϊ²豭ûϵ֧ƱЦЦҪЩѾЩˡ
ׯϰ֧ƱŵΪǰΪҳӦ׼ġҲΪׯһ¡鷳£ܺùһ㡣
λҳ̸ֽ˻ᣬҪׯΪƽʱôԼദ
Ա֮£ׯϲûһ׸еΣʧܵķǳס
̸̺º͡λǼܶˣϿӡǣҲôƽ͡
***
ϣΪӵ誴ĵ绰
ϰ֣ҽ֪ׯҪȥǼл񡣡ſɳϣСȱҡα˵
ﱸȽ鷳ڶƵЩü費ҪҰæΪʱ͸¶ׯϹ¡
ʹˣׯ˵찲źˡ
ãҪæ˵Ǹ㡣
ţֻ֪û뵽ѡǼٰ񡣱ϾѶߡ
˵ԭ𣿡ΪҲ̫ס
˵ҴһֱļޣԶޣԶȢ誵ʱׯôͣס
޵кã
Ϊһû˵ׯϹ¡ҲҪʲô
誹˵绰ͽӵʱƵ
С誣׼øȥԺĦSPAһ𰡡ʱɴ
ðɣƽʱѾڱˡ
ģ״̬ϯ񣬱ˡҫȫͷߣ
ᣬҸѡİôͷ誵˵
ԼѡģǾлΨһҪĵ¡·ĳ߶ȣׯûȨҲû׼ļ
ߣôص۹⡣ҾͲǰһģ¶㣿ôϵģ¶еϧʱ̾
¶Ҿ͸ҧгݡ
ЦֲϽû
誴绰ʱ򣬸оɳݣŤͷׯԱ£ָָ绰
ׯͷ
誼绰Ȼоׯڸȡ
ڼϽվһʵ飬׵ıȽղСȵΪס
ŵ绰ׯȻɳ¡
ʱߴߴ˰绰
ʱ˵誰Ǹˣ˵˰ĩȥѪƴ
㣿ĩʡ
ȻׯͶĿ⣬誱ܿںʱ⣬Դϴĸһ˶ٷ誾ûׯ
ΪԷǵصصСܵܣճˣׯȫ硣
Ҷϵ绰ׯ󱳣ͷļϣׯʦˣ㰴Ħĺ
شǲ̲һ䣬ţʹˣ㣬Ȼᱻ
誱ҭ£Цʮѣ󣬸ոպá
ׯʦҰǰ費Ҫæ誸æתƻ⡣ܾ֮ǰ٩ׯ䣬˾е㹢ڻˡ
ã׼ĲˡĩҹȥЧֹæܸ鷳ׯ߰˵
ŶĩҸʱȥ֡ڻǻİ誺档Ϊׯʲô͸¶
ܡ
ߣҪǲ⣬ʱӻ飡вָ˴ׯĸ
㲻⣬˵һ˽㡣ȷʵӻ飬ٰ֮׷ׯ侲Դ
Һϲš誴ЦҲ֪Цģڣеۣסӡ
ׯͻȻŤͷͿŶӣۣ
š誵ͷ
ֹҩԵȣȥáׯ˵׼
סʱȲáһģһ
ׯ£ɳ֣調ϣϸ͵͵Աˣ
ûаܹͳ˼Сûԡ
¸ֻܳС
ŤͷôϸɣۣǸղЦ̫ˡ
ܸоĶð誱΢һ£Ȼܵ㡣ʲôׯ׻˲Ȱ
ͷ˲ׯ°ͣͷ䣬ðɡŮ鷳ҪԺкɣ
ʲôֻһиӸ棬һµĸо͹ˡ
⻰˵ĺӸһһкĻĲҪׯЦʡ
Ҫӵ18꣬͵óԼԺ鵽ϣֻһкŮνׯŲŲλãûɵĸ
ڻٵȵȰɣҲٿǰɣȻһֱ벻ʵңͲܻС»غܶ࣬һע㣬ĺӡ֮ǰĥˡ
áһôʩ⻳С
ɳ죬ܹһʱ⡣
***
ĩׯϷɵϼң˷ɻֱҪٰĵطȥ֮ǰͰźʱ䡣һ߻ŶæһҪüˣܶ鶼Ҫȷɵô
ȴССЩ£Ѿϡ
ЪһᣬͽӵΪĵ绰æûæ꣬ҪؼҳԷ
ׯžŵ˷㣬һıƣ;ʹɢ
ϣΪһЩ飬ҪׯæׯΪûϸڡʱشЩطѯΪ
ԹΪóһƿƣƱׯ˵Ļ졣
ׯΪǰڣΪĹ誵顣һʼܷɡ
Ϊ˵㸸ǰˡ
ׯסü̧ͷʣΪ𣿡
ûУڡ㲻õЩΪﵹơ
ʲôׯ⡣
ΪѾóׯׯϵųˣԣ㸸ǸҵǸġ
ׯһȫû뵽
Ϊһׯϵʱ˵ĻȻʣԸԸ㸸һ᣿
ׯͷ˼
˻ᣬΪ˵ͻסĸסʶǷֲܶ࣬ҲҪ¸ܺõĸӹϵܶǸһеͻһᣬãҲȫ¡ͨżС
֮ǰǸңĹһ죬Ҳôסׯɵͷϥͷ
ΪҡξƱֶס¾Ʊ̧֣ׯԴӣҲ֮ȱľĹͨᡣҸӴǰСʱóǰġǰʽԡԼ룬Ҳ顣
ãллׯִ̧˰
Ϊóׯϸ֧Ʊŵׯǰ㸸׸ĲС
ׯ̧ͷ֧ƱΪãԼšǮׯҵʱһЩǮ
ΪЦ֪С誸˵ˡǻûʱͰǮС誣治СǮԶ߸߷ɣ
ᣬ̳Ůׯܼᶨ
ΪüǮšߵϰ׾Ǹ˶ٲҶøС誣ߣøױ
ׯΪ֣ڿôƺ˰ɣ
ΪЦŵͷԣѾˡ
Ҹ誽飬ûм޺Ȣ˵Ҳֻ˼ҲûҪ뿪ң׿һ뷨Ժһˣûָׯļᶨ
ʼյĿԸŮһʼ͸ůһҪߣֻǸСҵĸо
Ϊ룬ׯ򣬡áԴĳ̤ʵǰٴιĿ࿴
ڶ죬ΪׯȥׯûΪͣϢҽĹжæׯ
Ϊ֣Сÿȥͣ㣬ҲӦ߰ɡ
˻ٽǰׯΪ˵֣ʱҸ׻
Ϊû⣬Ц˵áд
⵹ãֻǳϯһ£ġùׯЦŻء
Ϊ죬ׯׯϴ˸绰ƽ˺ܾã˵˺֮ܶǰû˵ĻׯҪμӻׯͬˡֻׯһ˹ӭ
Щ˺ۣⱲӶ粻ȥҲÿȥӾͺá
ڷɻϣׯһ̵ʶÿθΪӴѧµĶ˵ĺΪ̸ʡΪ˴´ķʽĳ
гһŮӵĸƷʣһҲ֡ɳһ˵ӰԶ
***
Ѯ٣ׯ誻ϼң׼鶼ﱸãӾ
誱ׯٰĵطһ¾סˡ
ӡľͷ͸ɫ̲ݵشһǱһĽװεãǳƯͬʱиʸУŵıİɫӣĻݻƣ̺쵽̨
̨ɫΪΧɲƿװʢŵĸɫƷַ൫һƬ̲ݵأԶһᴩĳеСӡ
ڵļ࣬·ҲǺȣ񲢲ɹˡ 
調Ŀɿڴÿϸڶǵϲá
Ҫ׼ܾðɣŤͷʡ
ã˶Ͳúܾá誱ȥûвϲĵطʱԸġׯ˵
ڳǱ߶ϸϸ˸飬˺ܶƬصڸԱ̸ׯߣ顣
ûҪĵĵطׯǣ誵ʡ
ûУÿһϸڶׯʦ̫ܸˣٴγҵԤڣڰҶڴֵôߵĵط˵ţ־ߡ
ãܿĸ߶ȡׯ̧ͷۡ
ǲǺۣﱸЩܷɣ
һ㡣һӾһΣáׯܣһ˫۵顣
Ūھӣڽׯ
ׯջĿ⣬ЩΪѵؿ誣²У»ҹ
誶ʱϥׯСȣʲôأһĵطôʥ¡
ǣڼȷû⣬Աߵݵߡ
Ƿ羰续СĻĺܺáׯŷʢܰĻ㣬п
ǰһ֧һ壬絽ڴ˯˯緹Եǰְϰǰ׼ĸˮƷʳ誻䡣
ǲǺ裿Ȼȥׯ誵֣˶Զ
ãҵøҪˣҪ޸ˡЦ˵ᵽ裬ǰ˸УĻ䶼ġ
***
죬ׯȫϯǰһɹģ˶ſ飬Ϲæ誵ͬѧҲˣǡ˽Ӵǣ課òġ
ΪҲ˸λѡͬºھӡ
ׯǰһ뿪ңȥƵסڶŽס
һɻױʦͷʦửʱһ߼๤
ʮ㣬誵ķű죬кܶŲ
誴Żɴڴ룬һеţҲ֪Ϊʲôţʱꡣ
£ʱվߵűߣûкߵķţҲ̫˰
ûطѺȥ˴
ʱ꿴˿䣬ֻдԣеΣգзִģҰŴ򿪣һС죬ǰѺ˵ˣ˭ҪǳûײƴҲｻǡʱͿǾӻСˣ
ϤׯˣײšҪʲôǾϡ
ʱ곯ЦЦСĴһţܿкö
˻ᣬʱˣýŰѺɨ׼ţ󺰣ȵȣû꣡
ЦЩ˻ʵϡ
ʱЦ۾ˣţóѺװ˵Ƿˣһûô󷽵Ľ׶顣
Щ㶼šЦ˵
ֻһȻø˷֡ʱһҾӢӣȻ˵ҪҪһ˵
˰ɣۡԿɡ˵
ãϻöͲΪׯˡʱ˵ߵűߣİɣʮԳš
Ǯϣ˴󺰡
ֹͣǮ۵ͷ󺹣ҲĸԸ
ʱûٹΪѣˣţҵЬӾͿԽ
ƺƵĽ׶ЬӡЬӵʱׯʲôҲûֻǿŴϵһο誴ɴӣ֮ǰѡĻɴʽû
ĹûˣڵĹʶĿԣ覡
˶࣬ܿҵʱЬӡ
ׯ¸誴Ь߹ȥߡ
һֱ˻鳵ϣׯЦ
Цʲôأ㶼ҪЦɵˡׯֱ
Ǿÿġΰ㲻ʵĸоôƯôȢˣ
ЦҴɴӸƽܲһ
һʹһòɷӰʦϣܷӳɫĺƬ
Ҳÿģҵķ䣬Żɴ㱧ߣָо
ֻǾٰԺǻļңķ䣬һվɡֻ㸸ĸҸĸ㲻Ǽ޸ׯң㻹ǼҵŮׯ͡
ְָ֪˵лл㡣ϴ󡱸˵Ļܸж
˻ֳ誺ׯֿװĵΪǣ誵֣Ϻ̺
ֺ컨꣬˵ף£һ̨
ׯվ̨룬һ߽
Ϊ誵ֽׯûпޣ֮ǰΪԼޣⳡûޡ
ܰۡгֶ˵ķΧнУû˵ɿĻĸ´ǻڣҶǿĵġ
誻ⳡֻÿڣÿϸڶеӡ
ģֻĴϻɴڣϯһûмȢĻʵ˹룬һж˹ĸо
ӴԺȥڣڰİΧУ
лҪ˵ҵļƻ½һдӣһдӡһʲôر뿴

 81 

ʮ, ϰ˵㣬ƻͨĻ誶, עˣһʱˡ
ֱ̧Сֹ, ôû
˵꣬һůϤĻЦ, Ϊʲôÿνӻ׽ԲһÿζҵҡǴģ
Ȼ˱, ת˸Ȧ, ˳ڱ־
ΪҵȺҫ۵, һ۾ܿׯָһЦ˵
ڻתסׯ, ⼸ׯʦ׼
𣿡ׯЦòõˡ
, Ȼؼҡ
ǣ߳Сѩ׷, 裬ɷǺÿ
ǳѩ誾
ÿѩĽڼգô, ׯ͸ܶѩľϲ
ûر£ׯס誵ʡѩơ
رѾʵˡͷŷľ˵·ҲһĿġ
ʲô
ҿѩͺÿġ
ʱóˡȥѩˡ
ã
ׯȥسʮ죬μһǳҪĹʻ, ƶ˺֢ܶصߺָϣȻͣظȥУѧ㱨
ͣվڳ⣬ϵѩ
̾ˣׯһ誳ľϵѩһʡ
ţÿ𣿡Цͷʡ
ÿ顣ôȥ̾ׯָǰ˺һ˳ڷ
һĵ꣬ҵе仯˳ȹ֮誸ǰľ˵һͷͷ꣬ڶ֮ǰһֱǺڳֱ
ǰ誸ʱ֣С誣һֱģϹᷳ˰ɣߣȥͷ棡̼̼Ӿ
Ȼͱʱϵ꣬Tonyʦ˾
ȥˣһᷳҵĸо𣿻һĸ𣿡ׯϵѩ
ûУһҲᷳׯʦһůᡢšǡӢֿɰڽׯ
Ӧֻĸܡׯ̧Ц⡣
ӦǣϾׯǳϵѧᵽ㣬ְ¡
ѧͶңׯü
ûСׯεĸѧҲҸʦĸͶߡ˵ġ誸˵˺ܶׯѧеĿڱ
Ƕ˵ʲôˣòãׯԴǵʡ
û÷ǳãǲʿʦϵΣݵĹúܳɫƽʱЦȥΪѧЩ£ǶҵѹС˺ܶ࣬Ҳи˱ҵ¿йԱǰıҵȥ֪
ݣɷúòãׯ΢ģҺЦʡ
Цתת飬ʻңţϳؼң֮ٻش⡣
ѩƮϣ·ϴ·ҫһգӭҵˡ
ȥС꣬ࡣͬȥЩһ
誰Ѳ˵ݸׯǸ˵ʱӦͻݵڼڳһȷȲӭӻؼҵˡһ㣬һֱòá
ǳ׳աׯôȥĳջ㡣
ׯӲ˵ŲߣŶһˣ誱Ҫǰҵ˽˳ǳԵķĳġ
ԣû˵Ťͷѩۿ΢ȣ۽ָڱˮǵĴϣ˸ͼǸܼ򵥵ͣһģָͼŶ˵ׯʦܺʱֱֶҵġ
ϲʡׯóεٳЩ꣬ʡʱ˺ܶࡣ
Թǣ֣ڷѩУؼҡ
һµĸߴͦˣǣһɫ޲ȹůë׵ĿɰŮͬС·ƽ˵Ӱӵһѷᡣ
Һȥϴׯʰ䣬Ȼȥϴ
ϴ꣬ëͷϵˮ߳ԡңǰһĻסԭء룬ӵëǰ§ǰˣǡ
˻ᣬһ룬ʣϲ𣿡
ׯְסǣȻѵˣ͵ؿڣרĵط
ǰڣԨ߷壬е/̽Ѱ
ղ誴ĺڳ£ͷ߸ߵβŴͷһֻżŵأһֻŴŵСϣһ˫ϸȣ΢ͷ۲תգۣ޹ִ֡
˱ڴϵʱܸоׯǰδеļУĵһ״̬
˻ᣬׯһֻ֣ͷĳ룬Ȼֱ۱һֻСסС˵ãҪׯΡ
ׯס˾䣬ȷ𣿲ҪȵϽ𣿡
ˣҰѹźˡԺ˵ڣҡ۲ת˵
ǹһķ涼ǳģ磬Ҳĵ⡣ûдķ磬ҲûܡڿԷǻĶĸо
֮ǰ誻ŵٿӣҪܸߣƻСׯʮ꣬ҲѾʮˣˡ
ôõĳ谮۰㹻ˡ
Ҫ౦ˡׯ˵ţԥһܵķʽ˵顣ǰδеĽӴ
˽һֻ֫ٺչ
ǰżԾԾԣҪܡֱӵĽӴ԰ȫ˵ׯܾӦĶһ䣬ûаȫ˵ڲ뻳УͲðκηա
ѵ㲻Ҹ𣿡żᰴβסʡ
룬ڡ
ÿһΣʲôϣж༱ȣϵ˴ȡʩ
һΣ˶ʸѡ
˽һͬˮĿ֡
˻ᣬ˲ţӵһׯָͷβ裬乵Ķͷߣ˵˾䣬ллҺܿġ
ھͻϣֲô졣誰ָׯʪͷ˵
ţׯ⡣
ղ̫ˣҪһ㡣һԼ̹ϡ
ҶŬһЩׯ˵꣬׼ٴж
ֹЪᡣ
ׯôãɵ£ۡ
ǽׯ²ɻȥʡ
ţϲ𣿡ЦӯӯʡȻ֪𰸣ղ˵ıѾ˻Ӧ
ϸ˵һΣŻȻ
ϲ԰㡣
ӵЦ
Ƿ׷ɵİѩϾֶ˵Ļ档
˯ǰиȵ˯ɣһããĸɾ硣
***
Ϊ׼ӣ˶Թ˵ׯʵҶ̶Ͽᣬ硣ϱ빤
Ŀǰ˶ʿеѧý̵ʵ鼼ͷѧѧˡԺܽӴжԼʵ飬ǽָ
һʼ誶Իºܽţһûϣеˣ˼롣
᲻ʹˣУׯﰧ̾
ᣬҪΪ˺ӣҲҵ⡣ġûϣÿܶ硣ׯο
誳˻񣬡ҹĺÿģĵе㲻̤ʵܾδܻʲôӣ䲻Ҿͻȥûп˺ӣ
ᡣҪ¡Ժ£ҡҪôǣׯ˵ȻֻݸˣȥӰBen WhishawµӰڹӳˡ
誳ڲõҪһ£Ƶĸ뷨
׼ſӰǰͷҺ磬ХǺŶ˹ͷ䣬ԣׯ誹ʵʵֻ¶һ˫۾
̫ˣôȣô䡣誵춼ˣ˵˵ء
а¹꣬ǻϼҹꡣ
Щ꣬ǶǻϼҹꡣΪڹڼ䣬٣һһ⣬ڼҹ꣬ܶݵļڡ
ι꣬Թҹɳϣ誱è֣׼ˡ
ΪŤͷãӣҪˡһһݣʱ԰ӡ
뿪ҽԺʣ֮ǰ㵽ʱ뱣ķӦҲҪиڡ
Ϊ鵭ػأҲ뿪ܴһӡ
ӺۣҲô࣬ǵʱķһ߿žСĻ뿪ͻȻºûô򵥡
ׯһû廰ָоһʱ˵塣
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˰꣬ûϣڵԭ˺ܷꡣ
ׯʦеĻȥԹӤɣ誳üչ
ǰʱ䣬ȥҽԺˣ˶ܽû⡣
ׯֱӷ񶨣УԹܡ
ٻϣҾȥԹܣ˭סңҲִ
Ϊ±ֵеķ֮ǰΪɾʵֵ£ڻУһ˸ֻɡܣׯһֱڿοûã½Ͼˡ
ׯɫؿˣ誣Թ£붼롣
ΪʲôϾ͵ýֶΰҶ£ʲôվӸ¿ɳϵˣ˵һ첻˵ݡơ
ׯͷֻ˵֣¡
調ׯ۽ޣߣס֣Ż˽ˣڼܷܶ˶Թ˺ӣҲǺúõġеĻǾȥԹܰɣòã
ׯ̧ͷ΢šü誱Ҫӣǿȥҿ϶缺Թܣ㲻Ҫ룬Ҳͬ⡣ԹܶŮ˼̣̫̣̫ʹ̫࣬塣
ںܶ˶˿ԣҲ԰ţǼ
Ǳ˵ţҹܲšҵţҲֿܿࡣׯ˵Űס
̫ˡڻУԡ˳ȻоûоͲҪӶ˵ҪҪĽĿġģԵׯס誣ḧĺ󱳣侲
ʣҺҪӡӦӵģеΪʲôϵڡ
ŬŬһʱ䡣̣˵ˡ誱Ҫǣû˸ѹѧڽȥȼ١ׯ
ׯ£ƽֻʱġ¸£¸£ϣֵһֽĳȥ
ôЪ˹ׯ̬ȶܼͬʱҲһֱڿοɢע־ϲû˿ͷ߸
ǸԼϾС
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ʮһ·ݣϣ˹꣬ѧУؼҡ춼˻ࡣ
ѾϾŵ㣬ϴ꣬е߳ԡҵ˵ׯʦҶڹС
ʲôȥׯͷʡ
תת飬棡ȻӦóԣھǲǸζ
ΪУֲóԵĶ誶ǳע⡣һ꣬Եúܽܶˡ
ӦûУȥ򡣡ׯë׼·
ﻹһϴοˣʱԣסˣˡ
Ǿͳԡʲôڽνڵĵ͡ׯЦߵߣڴϵˡ
Ҫ嵰ˡ⣬šټһϸݲˣҪǳʢһԡͷԼԵζ
ãȥɻᡣ㡣
Ťͷׯׯʦ㣡
Ϊʦ񡣡
ſڴϴЦ
֮ſڴϷ˴ŰСʱˣæֻ׼Ь¥
ڴЬ˾ͱ˳˫Ȳסׯ§סĲӣô꣬ң
ȻУһᣬٿԱ㵽ʮꡣ
˱˵¥
㡣誱ׯŵϣӳó
òװһǳˣ˵вƷ͵ϡ
ÿӳǰСһЩͲ˳ׯԱߣ볯Сﵹֶ룬ǰֹϡ
칫ңҲְҸҵʱ𾪣ͬʱҲøС;ôôϸģôôܵһ±ů調ǰֻƻ䡣
ֻׯ˵
ׯʦҶûⷽ롣ûйϵܺõŮѣſʡ
Ů֮д꣬ҲҪŮѡУҲ㣬õѺͰˡ
ͷǰˣׯʦ˵ֻ
˵öġΪ˺㡣ׯ롣
֪ѰϷЩҸǹϵܺãȻû档˵ܶ໰ЩϷûϵ᲻ʡ
ᡣ罻ɡҲ档֪зִ磬Բġ
ŶǸͦˡҺϲ
˵꣬һڡ
óԣׯһ£̫Ծ
誷¿ӣ˫ϥϣ˼ӣŤͷϹҪ鷳ȥ
ţׯɻ󡣾Ϊ誴ûáϹƺ֮ǰ˵ϲϹƺϲׯʦҲûǿ
аͺŶһЩ誼ᶨ˵
ǲ𣿡ׯʡһʱû誵ĸоôġ
֮ǰһаÿ¶ҪһΣͰЩˣ۲Ĳ
ղųһġǿҵĸоӦǻˡӦǰ֢״ˣڻûС԰ȥҵȲ졣誳ԼҪ
ãȥȻط䡣 ׯûԥϵˡ
˼ˡ誱ׯڻ¥
˵ʲôأڲܳˣ˳
ҵȻԵȵţ̡ȷûлϡ誾ԼԽԽ졣
ڴϣׯʱرƽܶ࣬Īֳ䶨ĸо
Ų˴һ˪˽
侲ȥ䣬𿪰װ
ׯվ⣬ȴǵûϣǵΪûϣٴαȻô
˻ᣬŴ򿪣ׯһգգؿ誣ҵһ˿ӦԵ׼
Ȼ󿴵óаٵǰܡ
ĳء
ׯۿ΢ȣǰһᱧס誣誱ˣԺҲҪˡ
ׯʦׯҶÿĺÿģ誺޲СġûǰСġ
Ͼ֮סͬʱһ˳ɢ
лҪ˵
컹һ¾д㡣

ȫ

·, У԰ܿһΪ񾭲ѧϵϵǣһ΢΢͹ϰ, һٻȥ
żܿǣȥʳóԷʼһܺ棬ʱʱĿȥ, ҾϰΪˡ
Ҫ֪ϵϻһҲΪλϵθߵ飬ʱҳ𾪣Ǳ, ѧУѧͦظ˵, λʦѧУģ
, 誳Թ, ȥׯ칫˯֮ǰϵҲǱȥׯ칫ҡΪ, ϴ죬˺׷, Ծûٿôࡣ
ׯһ㶼ڰ칫ңְ칫ż̧ͷɳϸë̺˯, ̲סЦ
Ҫ˺¶⡣
·ݣ誵Ķӽ, ˯òǺܰȣҹżΪѣ˯ˣ볳, дĶͻᾪ˯ˡ
𣿡ׯָԱ˵Ķӣʡ
ҳˣеС£˯еε˵
ׯָۣ誰ĦԺͰѣҪһ˿
ڴϣòеˣƤʱʱţҪ˯ŵˣڸĦЩۣׯʦҪǷִ˯ɣ㶼챻ĥ˥ˣһֱ˯á
˵ʲôأСһǾͰһȥȼ١ׯ̧ŵ˵
Цã
ûʲô᲻áô࣬ûûĺӣһļ

賿㣬죬ʱʱЦԭ˶е㷳Ƶڲʣɢ
ºˣͶȹĿ顣
ÿϣׯȥСɢ
誱֮Ҫȥ׷ȥסׯ顣
ǽһֱס׸ʽ棬誶Ӵ¥㡣ׯڼҵʱ򻹺ãֻһڣ¥ݵײǰȫ¡
סϰˣŲѡ֮ӳסӦҲ㡣Ұɡ誻ء
ãš
Ҳôᣬ׷ﶫȫģʱסһʱ䣬ͦġȺӴˣٰʱ¥¥·ֿռ䣬֮ǰΪ
ׯǸҸĺӣʲôΪǵˡҶеĽˡׯ誵֣߱߸̾
Цܿͣסӡ
ôˣׯתͷŵʡ
ˡαȽᣬллҰɡһʼʱûʲô飬ڸоżܸˣ誸ܶĺӸк
ʵ˵ڸĹϵûǿңֻׯ誵Ķ˵Ȼÿ˵̥̣׻ǲһġ
û£һεĸѧϰǲǻ֣кĻû취ׯΰɣʡ
ׯһû˵Ťͷ⣬û׷ʡ
˻ᣬׯ˵誱һº֡
ţʲôŮׯΣ뷨課⡣
ʱ򲻹кŮȡ½֡ú򡣵ǣǲе˽ׯɫȻ˵˺ܾá
Ϊ֮ǰ˵Ҫǰæչ˺ӣʵҽտҽҽԺ᲻ݵģƸ
ׯҲǰݣΪһҪĹиУȥ衣
調ҪˣЩ¶þ֤ȥ
ţۿ΢ʪͷе£ͷŵ棬Ҷ˼úӸҰգһСֲķʽ˼Ҫȥ衣
Щ£֮ǰǹûׯ˵ڹú˳죬Ҹϴùˣܾûʲôסˡ
û뵽ׯҲǹ⣬ôȵóӵϡ
誱ô죿ׯᱧסͷˣĺ󱳡
誷ׯͷǰ̴де֣кŮׯҲҰݣֻʱ䲻ô¾Ϣһʱ䡣
٣ǴׯλȥѺӸչˣϲӣׯ顣ǣң¿æˡ
ʱ뵽ˣͷķ
ã˵ܿ⡣ׯӦ
кأ侲
ȡż
û£һɣҡֻ첲
ʱ벻ȡһкô
Ŷ㻹ϲŮ
ûУ
調ĳˡϡı飬Ц
***
Ԥڰµףһ٣˶Ϣ˱ٸʱ䡣ҪϼҴһʱ䣬ǵ·;ңԶҪ죬վʵʵڼ
кڣģͦŴӣʲô㣬ÿڼżʱһȥĸӤꡣ
ׯÿ춼ڼңһͶк˯ѣðׯѣŷ
Լӷ׵ģż䣬¶Ů˵еġ֮ҡ
ᡣµĶһˡׯᶨػء
ׯʦе̺ʣҪ˳ɳϣſյ
ʱ˳ҪǲҪӲţȫҪׯ侲
ҿ˶һһ̣̫ˡüҡͷ
ԵȣҸ㿴 ׯ˵ȥ鷿
˻ᣬ誽ӹׯݹϣȥ̺۵ĸּʹǰԱͼ
ŪЩģ誷ϣܾȡ
֪Ĺǣ֮ǰѯһЩˡһЩǰʵ誱õİ̺ۡԺȥׯ͡
ׯʦôôãЩʣ֮ױжʱۺˮ
£ҪԿ࣬ޣ뵽ģǰ׼Щ㶼õģа취ʱҽģҪִİȫҪ
á㱧һ¡˵
ׯСİᱧס
µףԤڣӻûзļʱѧУѾѧׯΪϵΣҪȥϰˡ
ʱ˲٣ڼҴ
ǰʱ䣬˾˱ķķǮ﹤Ị̇󷽰Ѱ͹չ誡
Ȼϰ࣬ׯȥ誳Էе㽹ǵ
˼ҺӶʱѧˣǵĺ˰ŶƤڵĺ˵
᲻뿪Ķӣ̫ˡׯЦ˵誶ӣ
ˣһ١ҵĶӶˡ調ŶƤӡŵһֻСš
³ϣׯС𴲣˯ˡ誰ҹĴΣ˯úܲá
緹ķһ£׼ȥϰ࣬ƿţһ˯ˣȻ˺СġϹ
ׯæ߹ȥڴ߶£ŵѾˣҪﲻ
ҸоˮˣǶһҲۡԺһ£ʶͺϹΪׯš
ȥҽԺţˮ˲ׯж
誻·ϴСķȥϣȻΪ绰
ҽԺס˼飬ʼжã˶졣
ЩȽۣ۵ɫףûһۡ
ׯһ߿ţս֣ۡ
һ죬ӻûҪļżвɹʱ˵ׯΣٲҪҽϻؼˡҽԺλܽţûôʱ׽Բˡ
ׯֻһ߿ţúڹΪϹˣ߻һֱš
Ϊ˷ɻֱҽԺԼŮ۵һţȻҧصӣۡ
ϰ֣ҵʱʱҲ̫ˡôͻأ誵һֱţۣҲˡ
ûУرûô衣ʱˡͷҲĺ˳˵ʹΪڲߣָ誶ͷ
Ů治ҵáû䣬ֿʼһ
šü۵ŶǺ
һֱſʼйɹҽ֮Ϊ˳
ϣԽԽңûã誱ƵׯŽȥΪš
һֱʮһ㣬ʦЭ£課ϵһһþȫʪ͸ƣߣհ˳
Ҳˡ
ׯ乵ͷ̫ͣ˲ˣˣҰ㡣ޣ֮ʲôùܣúϢ
ϹҺۣ۵Ķˡۣ˵
֪֪ԺˣҲˡ誱ˣԺһú۰㡣ׯʪۿ
̣ׯһ߿ţٸнô۵ˣ۵ûһۣһֱҽÿһζҧصмһܸоҪҽʱϡ
벻ҽʡ
Ϲȥɡ誽顣
ׯһ誣ߵβùҽݹļ
ʦޱߣЦ˵Ưıߣ۾Ҳܴ󣬺û᳤
кŮ課⡣
ʵճʱ ҽ˵Ա𣬵ǻڽ̸ûע⵽
Ůܽ10֡
ŤͷׯüĿº͵ЦעݸһЦ
ϲׯʦóԸЦ˵
ׯ誶ͷ֣ׯм䣬лл誱Ժǲ
課ׯׯ˭ҪӲġ
˲Ϊӹӣ˻˲
調šϴһգգؿźӣЦʣϰ֣ׯһׯʦ
ΪͷŻĺӣҡͷ⺢ӳú衣ٳһЩˣӦܿ
誸ׯһۣ˶һ£˵ͷ˴˶һЩ
ׯδϣõ顣
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˼죬壬ȷûº誱ȥġ֮ǰׯԤõģطǳġ
ĵܼ򵥣ι̣ԼʦһЩ޸˶ӻܣȥÿ;ιһ̣ʱ˯úܺá
ʱ䣬ׯҲס棬ÿ˯㹻ȫСᾭ򻨣򻤷ƷȵȣȥֵӣׯϲĶ͵ǰ
ʱʱʱһº󣬾С誣ɫĺ״̬˺Ӱ
ﻹͦרҵģҶǰǵҪġЦ˵
ǻ֮ҲӦò˰ʱ껷ʡ
ţͦġҲֵ
Ǯʱʡ
˵˸
ʱ꾪ǰҵ裡һȺú׬ǮͷûǮвͨڼӣƵüɹ
õЩʱ㡣Һӵĸ裬ԺðæׯΡЦ˵
ӴиǮĽãǺܺõİʱ̾
ҵǮׯġô
ʱ귭˸ۣһѣ㹻˰ҲԹǼׯʦ治ÿܿźӣ庢ӣģûһ㲻ͷׯȥˣ
ȥ԰ˣ˵ҪȥҶָŴ֦ͷĺɫҶ˵
ָŷҶׯ˵This is maple leavesɣʱȤְȤ
ܡ׼̺˵ӢӪһӢﻷ
ססĲȥˡǸ֪ͥΧʵڲУԺ˺ӣӸ
ڷ˵˵ЦЦĵúܿġ
ׯα󣬺ʱ궺һ۵ӣһ̾⺢ӿ᳤۾ԲִѣͦССģƤðףԺ϶ǸŮǼҳĺӣһӮˡͶ̥ҲǾ
ׯҲĸŮԺȥ档Ц˵
ʱ궺ŻĺӣǱİȥӣ쳤֣Ưȹӡ
ׯû˵ߣԼŮſˮݣЦ崺磬β޶һˡ
ϣι̣ׯźãԱߵСϺ˯
ɳ졣
誱Ժҽ̺ӢġׯӵŻ˵
ΪʲôҲԽİ˵ǵصصͨҵĻ׼課⡣
Ů˵ƫϷϵͨãܿɰŴŴĸо˵̫ǻԲˡ
áƽʱ˵ܿɰЦʡ
ţҲôΪСŮ档ÿ˵ҶܿģŮӾӦġׯ課
ڿǶˣŮˡ誾ׯôʡ
ûûϵڱ֮ǰɰһɰϵŮ
ôµӶ㿴ˣȻָоŤͷӵˣȵʱׯҪȥ
ǸֻҾǳǿ͡ΰһƯֿɰŮԸӡûʲô±ǸҸмڵĿɰڵġׯ˵誶
ӯӯЦׯʦǵԲ𣿡
ԲˡһʱҾ;ҵԲˣׯֻǽׯºֿص
ӵǳǳϸʱʱЦһԵׯ˯ú죬Ҳ˯ε˰ְЦݡ
***
٣׼طλʱ漰ֹͥˡ
˫ְͥ˫õһЩΣȻķĸǲٵġ
£һ
誱ӣ°ٿӡׯ顣
æùĹæˡġ
æܵóԷʱһСʱ˯β˯ѵʱӦ°ˡҿܵ°࣬һٽ֡ׯʱ䡣
Ҫ調ǵׯĻܶ࣬ʱʱܸϡ
ã㰲Ĺһ죬Ҫ㡣ʱܲܺ
誵ׯİšΪϲѹֿһĹӴϡֿܷ
סׯЩʵ˵ллϹ
ׯİԶǰ뷨ڵһλ
żׯѧ翪ʱŵһζǵʦġװĵʦһζҶĬЦһЦַȹֻǵʦС
ȻܶŮĽʦĸԷ޸涼ѧУʦѧϰİܺʱǶº͵ִݵӡ˴˿Էǲزסİ⡣
***
һϣׯɳϵ˯ˣæȥϡ˯ԺģŪˡ
ǲ̫ˣɳ˯ˣ˯׸ðׯ˷ڴ˵
ׯνѧվһ߿ţʱע⣬첲ˡ⺢ӾʢʹˣϡԺҪѧ·Ҷ󡣡誸̾
ԺҴ·žС
Уܿơҵ
·Ӧþͺˡһʱ䡣ϢȥׯǴϵˣȥ˸ڷ䡣
ϴ裬һͿĨƷׯ𣿡
û˯úܺãһ߿˻ᡣ
調˿ʱ䣬ɲһᡣҲû˵ʲô
ׯȥϴʱɴһϷĻ˯ճ˯ǰ˵ỰҲҪʲô£˵˵飬˽˴˵Ķ̬
ʱ誸оׯֲʵҲûֹԴк󣬵ڣû֮ǰΪĺ֮ףСģҲܿơ֮ΪҪ塣
ģ˶뷨ׯжǰ˾䣬ڿ𣿣
ҾûˡҲ֪޸ĺòáʵĵġ
ġҿ
ٴΪһʱׯ˵õġһжǰһ
˻ᣬӦϹ̥
һ
Ȼǲ׻еʣһǿٴλСɻ
ỳС
ţ
ǰʱ䣬˵ҪʵûУȥ˸СǶˡׯСĶŽ͡
һһ½ˣʲôô˵
Ȼׯ˵֡
Ϊ
ҪûĽӴׯ˵һµס
̲סֱͷ
ػ۶ʱ⡣һ϶̰˴顣
***
ӵǰ꣬Ȼ˷ֹ˶Ŭϣʱⲻæңرׯ˼β˶Ūýƣ
ҹźȥľһξ㹻Ǿ˼ΡļǵıڸңźӱѪʱ˼ζҲѪܣ۵۴ޣҲſ
ׯСģģһһڶ۲ˡ
調ׯͷﱧҺׯΣ죬ë顣
ı⻹ѡ誸̾
˾ͺˡҲǹͬĥѡׯο
ׯ֮ʵ˺ܶࡣܶʱϼҶȹġİְϰʱ򣬻ͻϼңٹиǳϲ⹫ÿ춼ȥ档
ԭ誺ׯǲΪô۵ģϼ뱣ķḺǱΪܾˣֲûӣС誶һִġ
ڡϴ󡱽ӣ誺ׯܷģׯżŮÿƵڶɹȥ
ں׶԰֮ǰϼׯľ
һΪׯθΪĹϵܡƬׯȷʵš
Ϊ誣жҪׯһı䣬ͥתбҪ
óʱ¶ʱ⣬ȥӰȼ٣õĺӡηż죬ȥȼ١
ܹͧװϿǡ
ĳϴǷʮǰɣ誻䣬·Ŀ
šʮ꣬ҹ÷ǳġûвĵʱһׯֱۿҹ˸ǡ
ҲǡϴҸ˵ϲΪұҸϲǸԼ䡣
أׯתͷʡ
㣬˵¡
ׯ̫̫Ҳǡ
һЦ֣ס
***
ׯ꣬Ҫμ׶԰һձݣǼǿӹϵһҪҳͺӹͬݽĿ
誺ææȥڡαϴڸš
ϹҪŮȥˡһΡ
Ҫġû⣬ұ֤񡣵㣬ΪΣм䵢˼꣬ȻͿϽˡΪҸ˺ܶࡣׯͬΡ
ӡǼ꣬誺ܶ๤ͣˡЩׯæ課ã뿿Լڡ
Ǳȸڸѵ£ҪǳߣҲǳ
û£ôɰֵá鷳ˣҴ͸ȥ׶԰
żú׼硣ܸ㶨αݡ
죬課μ磬˲ϸͬ½ͼæ׶԰
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ӯ
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