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1  Ū

̩϶꣬ʱֵĩѸ߹ǡ
⣬ɽƹ
ܣɱңҪʲô޶㡣ͷɢӳŽһǱˡ
һһװɵͽӵؿ
ֻҪ˵꣬·ɿε
̵ѪŰεĶ˲罦õϣϧʲôҲо
ӵʬֱͦͦصһԵС
أһɽѶ죬˲˺飬һưô̼併˾úϣɽѪˢĸɸɾΨһѪɫԡ֡
ⳡһ¾ޡ
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Ĵ巵ϵЪɽͬ˭ĴŹƤƵھ׵Ĵлصš
ȡȿȡϴһԲխδϵͷϣ˫ųţɢؿ齵Χϣ񳿡ûκα飬ʱʱظɿ
һƽ죬һȰſ̵ڵһѾ͵ľԼԿóһȹƮȻŮ
ҾҪǻˡ
ſţȻ˵Իڿһ˵ĴԵΪ졣 
ɱſ̵ϱȻһ׼ǰͶȻޱ˵һģϧ㿴³
ڰţ¶پȤͷʧЦһּ
С̵Ķһ̧ͣԼϵ΢ʣãкڹ
ҺܺڡöھϣϿҵͷ
ϧĻشΪѾˣڵֻһڻĹ»ꡣ
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գʱﻹžΪۿôİɡ
ǰݺͼ췴±ȵ۸ְŵǧݣ֮ƹ¥ѾĻذӴ̫λٴ̫ӵǻΪۡ
ѳɣΪĻӵķگû뵽ȴگǱǧţ߰籸ġ 
Ļ龹ȻʬûƮԼʬױȻʼãȺѻʳֱһˣʬ״˳ˡ
ĹǻұװһСУ֪ιʣĹǻߵĶͻĶ
Ȼǻ˽ԼĹǻ͵µ
ǱĹǻҺҹľơ˵գְĹǻҵһС־
ÿԼĹǻұ˻ʺܽһۡ
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ðضڻ￴еĵǵǴӰǰϵ;пʼ̵ģ̵ھȻǸûٵŮ
һ·ϣһֱǸ񵽵˭Īµˣ
ڷ˿̵ŵ˴ݵĿϽһЦ⣬մأ˺ķĿ
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²л󣬽ӹҩͷ
һԵ÷ִʱ̫Ŀ⽥ưɱ
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κֻǸ飬ôQǸܲģֻؿ½ҩһ
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θµѳɫЦ⽥̡
ǰתͷΡΡָ̧֣żϵľ˿˵ҡ󡭡롭꣬ѰѰһɽҰͬͬڡһ𡣡
䣬ϡ
ôؿµʬףһʱζӳµġ
̫΢΢ͷ۾
κۣߵ齱ߣ𼸰ϵľһۣʱӿݺݵƳһۼϵľתͷ£ɸֵܾͰڳϣעѳɴ£ź㣬˻ܺ㣬Ǹջˮ
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ž
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ڵʰӳ¼״æĻŻŵس嵽߹²ū׾˲յ˶֪ӣ붼֪ˡ
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괺Է𱣬裬Ҳӵİ׮ˡ
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ȻֻǸӣΪĿģϹ
ʱ⴫֮
ͻȻʲô첽ߵߣӰ֧ժ϶︩ȥƼһͣڴ⣬ƽʽԴĽǷܱ䳵ݡ
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лҪ˵ˣ֪˵ɶллңϹ
ŪŴ潼ҹҲСԪ
֪ͬй֮Ȩ
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2  

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ڳµĹǲй٣ᱻȡЦġ
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ƤϵļЦҲסˡ
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ӳ¹źôݸţȻϡ
һͿڼϲκα仯ȴޱȵҩҪ̨գ;ҩ۷ƱػӰˣʱճȺĳһ֪ͻᱻ˵
ǰƹܹ¥ʲôаûС
欱ϾСֻұˣЩ˽С
һ͸һõĻᡣ
лҪ˵ղأôôգ


3   ͷ

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ղأղأϲĶָͷղأǰղضߺҪغϰ񣬰ôôգ


4  

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Ȼֻ˶ר
ȻķͷãתЦˣǻ϶֪ȥ
˫ֱֱۣû˵ʲôˡ
Ťͷӳºݺʹһɫӳæ̨ȥˡ
һ̨ñһ֮ɫ
صԣӳý˷٣˸٣治ɫؿžеóªʵ֪ӣλǻ䣿
̧ۣؿ˾ӳһۡ
Ѿͷмִݡ
һ۳ױеͷ棬һ絶еĽؽҶָỮ˻ǷȻݸӳ£ɡ
-
ŵʱϸͣڴӺصƲð˳ȴ
˫ֱޱվǰóûʲô飬ֻĬǰȴš
û籶Խȹ˴멣ɴֻüۣǸǧĵĳһ֪
ͷԭӸ׼µʱõġ
ȴҪϱ˵컯Ūˡ
һ۳ͷûг򣬱ͷ޷ϸָⲻӹϵĽĲݷЩ
ǰ·δҲֻһһˡ
ʪӳ·ҪʱȴӸ
ӳ溰 
̽ͷԵؿһӣүλūŮ
ȴҪֻ㡣
һ´תӳζ˵ҿö˵ĻҪ˵һеһ
ӳ²Ӧ
ڳͷԼݳ
òɵƣƷԱȻΪһ潼ԼίʵЩ
ԭŹڳЩĥһݳֻõ˳ʡ
ܿƽķţŴ֣ϸչĺεʱȻսַٺᴩȸŴ֣򶫹սһڡ
ȥģٶԽ˦ʲôƵġ
òɵһǳȥѾ˿ڣʱ󷻵ķѾȫرա
ٳʱֻʾһ½ͷȥˡ
Сһͣ
³¿һۣǲַ¶ʱȻ
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ΪַŴ֮ƽŴ֮ϱ߷˵ƽŴ߸͵ˣȴ˲·ǹⲻ֪סĶ
Ӵ߽һլ濴ǽСţΪǸСլӣ֮ŷַŽֻһţűǾȣƣͤӦǴʮصĴլӡ
ɫѺڣԶƵĲУҲһֱֵ̽һ·Ȼ˶
һյͣһֱǰתãòֵ붼֪ڡ̬Ⱦ֮ǰǫѷࡣ
ûֲֻ̿ؿү𣿡
ӵʵҼ

̽ʵɾǺˣūò񡣡
ֻ֪ӽȥ֪ˡ˵գȥˡ
λƵĹ͸ֱⴰõĶͷϣǰһһ̧ȥš
߻Ȼֻñ棬һȰİ׺չɾΧ޺ɢؿһˡ
񳿡ɣһɫСԲۣһϥһϥƽ죬һ̵ڵһδ͵Сľ񣬰Ƿ
£
ϤĻӳѪҺƵģ˳סˣ·һֻصǰ
°δڰƳһۣüʣ϶֪
һİġ϶֪˲䳶õǡ
Ϊǰ´δ㻽ٿʱ񣬿ڿһ޹ϸ·ˡ
²û
ɵһˣǰЩ飬һ֮ǵģǰĹǻҵͿɿһ
Ѹ侲͵ع⣬һ񣺡ūݼүү


5  Ȥ

¾ؿãڵķĿϿ޲ȴǰӿ֮̿⡣
û˵Ҳö㱣Ų񲻶
ֱһյĺøоԼĸ첲ڲˣǻȻǰôһƵĶôţ衣
ϻ˵
һ渹һӵվЩãȶľˣʱӳһſſͷʮͶؿľѹֻ
Ь˽ȥڵźĽ̺ŵůĺܡ
ϰһСϺС¯һ촦а
ùڼ棬ҿǿһۣˮƣǳʱһЩڣʱѹֱˮڲ˺Ȼֲ赽һյԲУ͵һԵļԵϡ
·δͷԾɵľȻûҪ˼ֻ˫걵͵ǰݺתү롣
ͣжƾ̧˲һۡ
ĭ񱡾ȣ̶ǣ輼ո߳һǰ
װһӣĿתƣõϡ
õɴ¶ü۵ǰ뻭÷ڲ֣˵ľޡ
̧еĿ̵Ҫȥöɴ
úһˣˮֱֱسǺܽ䱸
Ȼ
ѵʱ˿̣ӦǰһʹϹŶ
ķĿű⣬ãЦЦؿ˿ڣô㲻ɣ
գۣƺŵķӦֻǱܣԼҲûзӦô£ѻĳ޿еĲţǵǡֻû뵽¾Ȼȥɴ˵괺ԷѾʱªò˲Ŷԡ
ĳªԼٶ࿴һۡ
¹˹п̵ɿһɴ£¶ǰֺ׵
ر۾
һ¡
¹ֱһˡ
´սЩϸõ
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øоеĲ΢΢һһ
¾ֱӳһڲ裬ɢؿƾϣеľͷһĵ˵϶֪Ѿ£ֻϧû꣬϶֪һذɡ
ԣ֮˴µذŪֻΪһѾ裿

һ²걣ʰϵɴ׼ϣȴ˵ɴͲشˡ
ϣһޱȵ裿
ǿľͲǾˣǾˡ
һԼһҪͷһǰ֮һһЦԼ̲סһ㼦Ƥ
үūգֻŵүū
ȴζ˵㵹ǿԣܲŵҡ
ʵڸ㲻µʲôѵʲôãϲ裿
ǰ£Ķţ飬Ӳǿѡ
ôһ룬òŷ֣һȷʵЩͬǰȻòɣƺЩ׽͸
˵ǰͲ˽£
¼Ŀ¶΢΢ս񳿡ϾϷʵıЦҾϲ϶֪裬һӵؽӵȤ
ã
ǰǸһǸٵġ
ǡū׳ˡ
룺ؿ˾׳ˡ
һѰһ֮أ衣
ʼգöδ£ֱϣ̧ףȴɢؿƾͷרעؿľ
˼ѹû̧ͷ裬ѹֲɴ
Īһа𣬿һ뵽Լ봦ǰΣǹаֱѹȥ
ûֻһ£ԶԶػүϸ京Թص͵һβ͸˹ƵģֱĶ֪
ڿ̧ͷޱһ䣺ܺá
ã
Ѿ裬һӨıԽĵ÷֬ǰź׵ǵ˼۳
ַ¿̵ľ
ó϶͵һľԼǸǶǵġӣ
գǰԣδҲ̫ѷɫˡ
̯˫ۣɢش齱ߵĵΧϣƾϣ΢΢°ͣڵһ۾עãҲ˵
ñϾ/֮ãټβ֪µ˼
źˡ
лҪ˵ps˫ΪŮû


6   

ģˣ¾Ȼ治ɫҪԧʣ
Ȥȷͬס
ǷȤ⣬һֱиʣ֮²죬ͷָʵүūиⲻ֪ʲʡ
Ȼ֪Ǿͱ졣
ãȻǰʶǸĶŵǸٵġ
ūʣūģˣүΪλҪҪūĳҹ
üƺû뵽û⡣
аЦһ£õ۾òʱɾӣ۸ߵãòʱǶǡܹ֮ƤĸԭǲǸֵġ
֮ԻỨʮҲǺ棬ˣһ֪λöѣʶ˶٣Ŀһؽŵһ£֪ӵ硣
ԭ¾˵ķǳǰǸһҲװģ黹Ǹá
򴽣˫ץȹգһ
ĳӣѲԼƿصġȻǰѾһٸҲ޷͵ǰ֮ծˣֻϣԴԺһҲĺá
齣ǰü˳۵ȥµ
⿪÷һԣҪȥϵĿӣȴ²˵ı죬϶֪Ƶġ
ڻĳҹ
ϵĶ΢΢һ١
ǰߵǴ꣬ղһ𣬶ڽһ£Ȼ¯ࡣ
»ķ̺ͻ֮⣬òŲæػأū¥ŮӣǱѧ֮һ˵ۣ꣬ܿ죬½󱻽⿪
µףò˵ˡ
õͷĸɢĵıǶˣϤĶ
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ΪηŹŻĻᡣ
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ȻҪµĴʱºһץסϸ޿̵˵϶֪ǣɡ
һʮϧɫѵóѵЦ
Ǻܿ죬Цˡ
Ϊ裬һ֧
ֱ۵Ҳʱһ̧ףȴѾƾ˯ˡ

˴ĵİɣ
÷˴Ϣ¾¡
ϵȹѺ͸͵ڽ̺ϴ˴΢΢׵˫ȣ˫ãգܾǰһУƵģһʱֲԼǰڽ
ʱ죬ͻȻһ˽̨ϵ͵ƶģñϵĺʱʪ䣬̲סһ¡
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룬ȥţһѰ¼ϴһë멣ȡ¸ϣĿȴڴʱסˡ
üĿ䣬ͦ££з˾ӣ裬ĥһ˲֪Ҫ١
ǰжϹŻذӡ
Ǻô멺Ѿ۵ᱳʹƳдòȥ齣ڶĽ䣬Χ¡
ʱ뿪Ȼˣֻܴ˵
ٴοһ£ֻϣһ˯ҹ֮³׽ҹźá
һ죬۵ĹǺüǱ۾˯ˡ
׵𽥾ȵĺԭ˯šȴ˫ۡ
ֱӣעãĿ̶
ǰԼ󣬵һ¾ȷǷ񻹻š
ò׵ȵŪ֮գһǰⱻߥϳһ괺Է׼һóһ֪ķɡ
ǰ俴վ¥ϿľȻ̲סȻһ
ǰʱһаƵģͺƵģղܡ㺣ͣԽŨҡ
ԭΪûͬǰһǧټƵعϹ
ϣǰһ̻ò绨תۼ侹ģ
Ϸʼ̤ǲߺս˳
һĿָʹӽԼݺԼʱǹѹԹ̲סð˳
֮ǰ˺ܶ෨Ϊɵһ˫̲ʱеԹ̼ɾ
ͷεԼüģʹԼ
κ齣ߣϥá
ƺۼˣôĶȻûоüͷûһ£˯иӦһܵµ޲һµĻ
¶ʱԭأüͷϵĽƵĻţ̫Ѩͻͻֱ
лҪ˵գϹлл


7  

̾һôǵؽᣬѸٷ˴ϡ
תȥ룬תϣһ
ȲʱС࣬սһȻס
÷̩Ȼı֣һŮӸеķӦݵıġ
̧õȴڰ˰ΣոΪȥҴıǡ
ãպ«ʲôҩǻټΪ
-
գĹѲòתѡ
һۣĿͷϷŵ̽ѬգգۣתƼɴʵʹΧϷĵͰ֮ϣ 
ʶ͵ǵͷһԼţ׳ȹһ
̽ͷÿȥȴա
Ҳ֪Ƿ棿
УҹԼģ
ţźһ£ˣһ˫ݵŮſڣһͭˮ
Ҳ˵ֱߵǰŲ˸߼ͭ裬ֶ˵ҪŽͭϴ
úܲϰź򣬱֣϶ɨһ䣬޺ϿһˣŮʡǹүأ
ŮָָԼŵ죬˦˦֡
ǰŮǸŮشκ⣬Ҳ֪̫ࡣ
ˣҲöʡ
׼ϴʱȻԼæ̧գƺȫȥˡ
˴ҵͭԾ˿ϹȻֻʣһЩ̥ƵĴߣѾȫָˡ
ϴŮܿôӱųøճȥСžȲعرˡ
ã
-
ַشϣƫƧЩ
վĽֵŷ֣¾Ȼûи׼س̵ǣδǮ
񲻽˼С
һʱԵİ·ҵһҳУͷϵĽһЬһ˫Ѿˡ
Щ꣬ڷ֮أȷȷʵʵرӽţ߼·ס
ص괺Է󣬸һţͷֽյ贺ԷЩԾ
̫ˡ
˵ʱԷ˶˯УūȴѾʼɨ׼Ϊӿ͵ĳ׼
£Ȼһ۶û
˼ţӭƼ޴
޴ǽñ۴ü׳൱࣬һ뺷ķʱ괺ԷĴſһվЩµĿˡ
иҹټҵĶӣܴ߸޴޹ϵ
֪ӻˣ롣
ԣƤһ޴һѳĿҲ˼ʱֲõԤС
òɫʣĶ
޴¥󡣡
¥ֻһ̳ʮݻרдرصĹõģһǲ̤ģȴô޴ȥֻ˵һ¡
ġ͡ˡ
-
⣬һһװˣԹյƣϿ̡ˡ֡
ԭǾ׸רŸ켩СΪȨ󣬵²𽥱ѹƣں¿
ֱӵ֮ң˶оְ뾩׸һͬ׸ڵĹ䲻ùżּҲ˳ġ
ʶӲҪ˹ʿרΪá
ڣһ档
⵹Ը⡣
ǰʮʱͱӴ˳ûֱܽӱ͵괺Էֱ֮δһ档
֪յŪʧһƱػᾪӣû뵽ӻǰ˿ȷʵӴ¡
һ뵽ӽʣһ֮ʱô˫־̲ס߬
޴ǰſڵĲ˲ֳţ޴Ҳȥÿʾнȥ
վԥһ˲̤ȥ
仭ϯĽϣԲͷڵӣһӢ˲ʹţվţ˵ĿɴŸ߸ϵ˶еΨҶ
˫ĵӾسҲ˵ƣȻʦġ
ԭΪټӣû֮ǡ
룬ľǳƽ
欴˿̹ʳĵͷ裬˿գһҫۡ
վһԣ״ۣϼдĿɿ˸һ¡
ʳױûһˡ
öһͷȻ¡
ӳ£
ת˲䣬ܡ
ӳΪʲôѵӳ³ˣӻ᲻Ѿ֪ڰеˣ
лҪ˵PSҵĵŮǵҲӵĸ


8  ˮ

ԭѾ׵Ҫ欵ӳҳԥذӳ
Ӽһ̬֮ʱ¶õؽصطǰʳϡ
һӻæв񣺡ūݼүү
û˵ֻʹһɫ
ǰ³õ֣ߣ쿴عɰʱʱһ
ŤͷӸعˣ泶Ǵ֮
ɫһüʵҹ˴ȥĶˣ˭
öԴʣūҲ֪˭ūͱúڽס۾ֱլŽ£ʱֱ۾ϵ
ӰŰɵؿǶʲô
ūĳҹȴûжūֻǽūһҹѾ裬үǲŵĻɽūĽš
ҲӷʩæȥõȹգЬ£̧˫ϸϸ鿴һ
ˣ泶˫㸡ףŵͨ죬ȷȷʵʵһҹ衣
ĽŵȻ׵ģ·׵ģƭƭ軹ǿԵġ
ʱҪҲܱĵίΪϷȦһ죬ʹؼᣬϸʶֹ
Ӽ״ٲһЩҲίˡ
κοܣȴû׼õ⡣
ѵ⣿
̧ͷɴ
ĨԹԵ̧ͷȡɴ¶Ǻߵ
ӿˣһʱڳס
⸱ģ
ֻõˣ뾹˵أⲻ죿
˽ġȻûսͱ˷ӣܲ
һôжϳӳ²ûгһĵūԭúõģԴ欽ݸǳȻͺ
Ļû˵꣬ͱ欻Ҵϵ˵Һʱݸˣ
ƽؿ欵泶ݸ࣬˵Ϊף泶Ū֮ϲģôôˣ
Ǵˣ϶ҡҧϣһɿӡ
üֱ׳طϣĪѾݸ͵ȥˣ
һӳ£ݸձˣֻӳ֪Ķˣ֪ӳµûгָӳµʱӳҲڣӳҲū֤
ӳһ飬Ĭһָ󣬷ΨΨŵŵش𣺡ū澡֤ӣȷʵ˶֪ݸࡣ
һ欺ͽɫһ䡣
ŵĵ˵ء
ˣöٲ³һЩһҽӻˣΪ˱欣ƺӳʲôףû뵽µͷӳ·ˮˡ
欼ӳ·ˮæϥеߣס֣̬Ҫоже泶֪ҶвҶ췢ģҴδ뺦ݣһӳѾͷƽ㳣˻ģ⺦ݣ߸ҵġ泶ѽú룬˵Ļ벻ԣ
˵꣬΢΢սߣֻɿ첹һأպұر㡣
ǲ߷ӳ²ɣͬһ𽫴˻¹߸ӳˡ
ȻҲʲôˣǷǶԴšģӳ¼ȻûǾˡ
ҵ۾ϹúԥسԼ֣ǽԽݸ͵ϵġ
ĿԲ㣡
ľʧİŭʵݸأ
֮ŵһ
ӳæֽ̽ȹȹİóǺݸͷϣն֪ӳ֮ǰͻݸ⣬ʱūȽݸˣԷ֤ʧ
ǺϤݸ࣬ϵѪɫ˲ʵһɶ
ԭ̨󣬾֪ｫݸ͵һþ㻳ԼµģҲûָ֤˭֪ȴ˿ա
ּõݣŷ´æ˽̹״£Լܵ˽Ǯȫ˽衣
ŴӦѺӳȥõ˷˵׳죬ûҵ
ԭǱӳСӲˣȻ˵ˡ
ӶӳеĺӣϢһ£顣
Ĳݸȥˡ
ڶʱš
һֱͷ֪˼ʲô
欲ʱ⣬˫ֶʳ黨ˡ
ȷʵݸҩڻݣҲ֪õ׶ʲôֽţվ٣һݸ滹ƺҲϴˡ
ԽԽ̲סתͷһԵãȴɫƽˮһгģĲԽ
ԼĪ󣬲˴ݸ࣬һţһӡ
һǷţĽƺ޲ðǷֱӸˡ
ӽӹչ
ǷдʲôòÿҲܲ³ݸҩĳɷֺµ⡣
ֻ꣬žһűڰϡ
̧ۣ欣ɱڡ
ֻдţһƣֱ
欻æūݸ಻ūģݺū
ò˵ǲǽݸ࣬һʽ֪
괺ԷˣϾԷµӣöӵĺûֱӾƻĳɹԣһʼӾ˴ǮõϣһɳԴöȶרŰ˲ɹõĶϵȣ֮ﶼͼ
ԣʲô֬ˮۣûݸ࣬ʽ裬Ӿһ
֪
ЦЦؿ裺˵ǰɣ衣
һУ
Ȼ֪ݸ欵ģҪϸϸ׷ݸ໹Բɹ͸欵ġ
Ͼ欲Ϥӣټ֤ûݸ¶ûݣԣȽ˱˵
ۼˮҪԼϣﻹٻ欣ֻóϵݸȷʵ欵ġ
欼Ҳˣʱŵҡ
Ӻȵˣ
ۻֵ̿ؿһ߽Ĳˣŵʹöͷ˼ͷݸȷʵūģū췢ģūֻһζۣҩʹƤ׻ݣ˸еѣΣһùݺūġһ˵һŤͷһ˫۾ݺݵصá
ޱ㣬ĪҪڽƱˣ˭Ϊݺһ޹ؽҪˣԼòһ
欵ˡ
ǰݣĴΨһʱ˭ðŻݵĴȥݺһ޹ؽҪˣԼˡ
ӽüֲ̧ͷһӣϳȥ
һһҼס欵˫磬Ҫߡ
ϥеӸǰסؿͷٸūһᡣ˵˾ҲűһҧȥƵĴ󺰵ūԸȥ˴Ը
лҪ˵ǡְɡ
Ůʵоʵоʵо


9  ݺ

㣿šüд벻Ρ
̧ͷ涵Сϸϸмֳ̬֮ĺĻǱȴҲɹۿ͡
Ŀᶨر֤飬ūҲõ
һ˿ɶһͷһ
˹һڣƵ˵Ǿ͸ᣬһ֮ڣµĴǾȥڡ
һСɷǿƲסز
ӲʩκĿ欣һ뿪
ʱӶסŲؿб˵㣬úĪԼķˡ
õü˳۵زֵ
ߺ󣬽˫һʱڵϡ
һڻعϵŭݵָú欵ͲܸͣһЩ
欸վһһǻұģȫȥ˵ʲô
Ҳֻܴͷ˵
һȭ޻ϣһǻŭ޴йһشӵָŻڵϵӳغˣСӸˣҤȥ
һº󣬴׳˶ĻԺӾҪӳ£ӳŵĹڵϴ޺ҲȥҲȥ
šƿԺſ˫۵ӳǰ棬ɫԵҵˣ˭Ҳܶ
˫ֲЦˣߣҲˣӳµء
ۣζѵ裬ǾҶûˣǾáתбһۣ欽һĴ
Ŀ˸
欼״æһ裬ӳǸСӴˣҲǺˣõѾˣԹ˵һöӣҲõˣԹˣһǵҵĺá
Ȼ˵Ŀʼҡ
ߣ˭˵ҵòˣ
㣡ϢһͣϷӦˣָãȻݺң
Цôȴ˺֮ģлẦء
欵һ𾪹תͷ躰裬ˣҪȥ߹ˡ
ŪԼָھȥ棬üùǻŽ㣿ǻң
ȥȥŤͷҪ׷ȥ
ˣһ欣ֵò󣿾ң
һҭίؿŽ衣
ɸֵس欣̫ˣһ󣬺֪֮ӣΪʲôˣʲôˣ˭ӵġ
¶÷ָ裬ö˵ڣ˼ҲԼˣвԼ˵
˳ıô꣬Ž͵ǰջǹһˣɼ֮ѣԺãӲմŮɫһľܹϵġ
õûлݣҲʮɵİգο次
㻹ԼµĺڸôԲϣɱʱ괺Է
˵꣬Դؿһۣתֶݺݵӳһۣˡ
תӳӳŵòᣬһֱڶļ򣬵ο¡
ӳ²ΡΡصͷ
ҧгݵصúӳ£޺޵ã˵ţҲܣƣһ㣬Ϊõӡ
תͷЦе˵ңĿԴ
-
صԺӳ¹ţתͨһ¹ڵϣл֪ӡ
üлҵҪ㣬ҹ欶ʲô
Ҫū֤֮ԻԼ£ȻͰū澷Ҥȥ
ñϾǽˣѡҲ֮飬ǲ⡣
Ϊְң
ӳҧһ´ūֻ֪£ūҲضһ
ȷˣӳΪŮΪݣ׵رŮӳҲɵ
۹Ȼûӳ¿á
ӳ΢΢һЦ㵹ǸˣӴԺͺúøң괺Էһգرݡ
ӳϲ
-
ԭ׼ȥΪԲΪɷҪԼȥ򣬽豾ͶЩԹȥˡ
Դ֮ÿմñȥҽʱżҲȥеתת
˵գõʵѾָˣΪʱ䣬ñɴװδȬӡ
⼸գһֱ뿪괺Է顣
ԭຼ֮Ůԭǳ̼
괺ԷΪ˲²ɣĨĹȥ¸Ūһݣã˽裬˼
˵Ǽٵģһӵûˣ¾ͻˣʱѡ
ȰԼŪ֣ȻȥҸطٰӵı
ֻҪӽŪ̸ס
Ⲩܵƽзܹʮ꣬˱ҳ⣬ΪǸ侫֮ˣֻҪ괺ԷĹ֮ǰʲôֻҪ/̡ûв˳ģ˳ơݻӡ
Էɱﵣвص֮֮д޴أҪشӽŪ޿ܡ
˼ȥã
͵
ʹ͵ҲҪȴʵʱֲС
ֻǣû뵽ǣᾹȻܿˣһǽԡ͡ġ
-
ôˣһԺߣһʸߺա
ߺջ˸оͶˣﶼǵˣֻҪһ֣ץ
ü¾Ǳﲻ
Ǵȥ֪ͨһһҵز飿
ֹ̧̫ˣݾߣȵȵȿϸȴʱͷȥôȻ˽ȥ֪ͨң޹ԱУеĻ

ߺҪ£ӭ첽ߺղֺ塣
񣺡߳ʷ
»˻ڣ
ڣѾշԸⱻͨˣѾ˽ź򡣡


10  

æϲŮߴߴع룬ź֮˺Ů̡û뵽ǰվȻиŮӻ巢һʱ˶Էݣ괺Էһ޼ˡ
ɫһЦҵҪʲô
ҹɫˮĴֽϣӰ涣ӰӰ´衣
¿ԡͰϣĿ
ΪݶǷĿӣ뵵жȥ˷˼ʵĲ֮󣬾ζý̻¶ˮϵĽʵؼÿһ͸ź
һźԡѿǷ
ԭΪ
Դ£֪ʲôСɣС
ǽ˯У붼ѡ
欳±ĿĹ򣬸ϽһĵѵѣֻһɫݱֵͷǰĳŪ¶ǰƬ⡣
ʱã㽫طµϣСع۲µķӦ
±Ŀδֻѹѹĳһ
欿ղ̱֣ܵʱϷһϲʼһһ
ҪؼλʱͻȻһǱʲôǯסһ㣬ûֻꡱһ죬ҵʹ󴦴ֱ۵ͷƤ顣

欼ųһֻشţǴѾȫѳء
Ȼ۶ˡ
ʹԻսľתӣһ̧ףײ˫ĺ
ɲǼ䣬ðĵһͷǣ˭˵ݶޡ
үүɵعڵϣӲ֪Ϊ۵ĻΪģɸ
вɵЦû뵽ӾȻôһ
ԭΪĻǸ̿ͣһֲ֪Ǹ޸֮ķǰˣֻǸ޼˶ѡ
˭ģ
ûûūūūԼҪġ
Ŷüʲô
ʹ飺ūĽүʴ롭
ʲôѾֵԲˣԻδ˵꣬ͱشϣҲ䣡
һҭ״סˡ
һˮͷ˹ھԼȻֱڰĺ롪
ʱűƿˣ˽
ɫԸȥ
˵򸮱һ֣ǰק欵ĸ첲ߡ
󱳺ܿʹ۵ĴУһºүūԺҲˡ
ʣɣҪôǸŮӣ
ָ̧ԡͰԵãһ괺Է޼˾ֻңû˲ɡ
һ˲仮ɴüָۣʶ
ͷһð޳ס
ټһε뷨
±ۡ
һΣԼһΡ
˿ˣá

µͷؿһˮ棬ԡͰʱʪ޳ϡ
»һͰˮ
-
îʱչþˣԷͨﵩźˣһѵ硣
ڴְһŽӳźϴ¡
ʱ˶żмŵɨͥԺû
ӳ´֧ժ︴յĴϢ˽ӯҷ㡣
ѿƽһǰһܰг
Եū澳ȥ򡣡
ͭǰԾױڵ࣬
ӳȥ֮öžеշ˻Ӵ̧Լգ֬ܽأѾ׻ָˡ
һʱԼþ޵
·ʺȻĵ
̣
أ¥´һ޴죬֮ĵذ嶼ڸŲ
üܿ洫һ֣ľ˭үţ
¥ҹ޵ĶЩӵǣӴƢͨʱһڶޱ֮
һȻûˡ
أƣȥʱſˣӳ»ˡ
ӳ»ﱧŸСʳһ˽ָϽñŵӣͻȻٱ
䣬⴫һ졣
ص֮࣬һʮĺը鰸¥⣬˵뿪
õͻͻһ¡

ѵǡˣ
¥ܿһҵĽŲ
ÿһӳ£ߣȥ
һţǰӰң֮
¥ĹͬŲ·˳
Ů£еĹ
¥´óڴһˣŮĿҡͷڲʿһ嵶һֺ죬סһ׼ȥŮ
һԥذŮһѣԼŵĨ֮ͣˡ
˼״׷Ч¡
д£ɲһܵģЩ˻ٶЩݵģǱҹ޼˼ңٻЩ鷳ʶͷƲܡ
ܿ죬ֻʣһĹǣһʱҲһأҲҳ
ԺĽżǰĶææǰͷϣߵ¥ڣײһֻۣе
æסԷЦôǹûźã
λ˷˦֣ѹŭҲ֪ǼʲôǷǣȻ˽װ׵ؽӵĺ£ȥ˭괺Էߣ
ãȻŤͷһʱŵ˫ȷͷƤ顣
Ŀ֪֮ʱվ׽ڲʿ옴ƵĽԭĴΧһˮйͨ
/ѾõĽϲǰЩˣٹŷɥĽ
ֻʥˣѲ鼩лٹٵ£ˣɲ̲;׸ֱӽɴһ붨
ڽ󽫾ǰֱʥ࣬Ȩ󵽶йԱһ޲ñ֮Բ˽Ͽɴ¿ͨ󣬸նޡĴԡ
괺Էһ˲䣬ǡ
ˣˣ괺Է¶ˣ
ôƽʮ꣬ʱһѸƽĿһܿڴűҶĹٱϣǰСдšУξԳϡ֣жϳԷӦǴ˼ͷ㳶ĵЦǰʹүʦڵ괺Էν£
ԳϽűҶһ۽裬ĵʣ𱣿
ǡ
ȥ¥еĹȫ
費֪Ǻ⣬̽ү¥ĹɲʦڵģūԱϯԸǾүΣ
Գһĭ㿴Ӻ𣿽ȥȥ
ֻñ죬һԺԸȥ¥ϰѻûĹǶ
Գǳ˳Ƶģزһ䣺й
ֻ˵ѺԺﻹûӿ͵ļҲг

ǻԺҪߣȻ˻ȥ
ûУ
ԺҿһۣͷƵͷڣôŤͷͲˣ
ɫһֵһ±˭ܵĿ졭
һ¥Ŀȫ߹ˣǰ¥ԺĹǶҲ˳˴롣
괺ԷƽĴ˼ңϵȹĸеµȰ˸δͳʮټźŮǣĺüʮˡͬЩ֣ɱڵĽվһķɳͽϵˮ磬μĺܡ
ôɴͬӳѰһ̫۵Ľվ
ǰͷүǶˡ
Գ°ɨһˣȻͷһʿͷʿųȥˡ
һſڵĽÿһſںӰһΣ߽ˡ
Ϊ׵һλ޳Ȳϴһɫ¹ƽ[ۣŽһװʿǾηעĿУŲ
ǽ¡ 
òµٿȻ˺󾲾£תеϣǰʥͣն֮Ȩ
ǰǰѵɱӡ
ԣаٹٿ¸µǽϵ
лҪ˵ߣˣˣĵˡ
ʴϷݡ


11  

üֺĿ⵭һۣȴͣ˽ϣһ
ǳġ
迴ºҲ֪ŵģǾģȻ죬˰˵
ԳϲֵѾ롣
һס
ʿһȦΣһС߼
ֽװС߼ϣۣ𵶵ȥƫ㣬֮°ԳԵЩݣ˸оЩȻһֲŭȻ˳
ʿ࣬ƣէһá
ЩԭŵûʧɫĹǣڼº۾һȫˣҲ˲úˣ׷۲ʱ͵¡
ҲʶȻȴͷһؼ㿡εģ˹Ŀɾλɾݺ񻹲һ㡣
һԼɤӣǰֹݵūҰݼ£ʧԶӭˡ
¾ӸµŽ裬ЦʧԶӭƾ㣬ӭô
һҭʱ˵
ָ̧ǰ˵㣬ܿʿһ˿첽˹
̧ͷһʱŵɫ䣬ľ
ϤӰǱˣ次
żƵıʿҰ˽˵ϡڵſ˺һ̧ͷ
Ǽ款˺һּͷɢݲҰҲϣһ׵ϸߣȻǱ۶״ɲʱŵ֣̿㰤ңҼģ޲ñһսսض
һۿڸĽ裬æ˻ţ裬ҡڵϵӶʱҲƵķ
Գϼ״һŲ欵ĺϣ欶ʱ۵ġС
һУǸµĸ˾ŵСƵģеĿʼ̲סӿ
ǿ򶨵ʣʵ£Ǻ⣿
·ϥͷָʶãŮϲ⣬Ǳͼд̱á˵ţ΢΢ǰ㣬ŽķĿ΢΢һУ裬㣬Ǻѽ
д̣
ЩûιȥĿ˸æ£һʲôᡣ
Ů괺Է֮ˣ
ǡһͻ裬൱ڲУɲϡ
˵˵Ů潼ˣΪλۡðˣ
һʱ
ôҲ벻νĹϹȻᵨ쵽ǱĿŵȥˣҪã˻Ļǵһ֪
ѾͷʲôУٸӣֻתͷ欣ʣ欣ΪλȥϣҪǴĻͲðˮ괺Է
欱Գϲڽ£̧ͷ£ūһֱĽ£һֱԵüŻ²ߣǱ븮ȥ¡
˵ǣһֱ˵磬˵Ǹ潼ˣ͵ͦӲģǲ͸¶һ˿йص
һһʹļ׵Ϳѽʲôݣʲôݣʵ˰
ˣʹ޲ѣں
ϷûУ²ͷüͷ
ҵǳԸɷĲɣһСС޼ˣָʹҴ⣡ҷȰһʹˣʡҵ˲ĵӷ֤
˲괺ԷЩǿɶָ⣬ǵأֽϣõϢݡǹǵм¼Щֽ㣬ﻹţһһ׼
ԩūȷʵ֪ѾͷԼţµĻ괺ԷһϵûС
῿ϣָߵߵ֣ת欣ֱҲˣѾ㣬ٲʵָܺʹд̱ݹֱ顣
Ѿ̹һŵöʱɸ˵˵
Ȼ˼£һΪеġд̡һ˵ѾԵظоͼΪ欵йһʧڹ괺Էǳˡ
Գ˽ţһקվ
һһҹδʳһͨţ˫ļ޷վҡҡλε̧ڣָڵķ
Ǽָ˹ŵ÷׷ɢֻܿʣúӳ¶ԭء
ãָʹҵġ欲ָͷָõ۵һĨ񶾵Ц
ӳʶסõ䡣
ޱؿ欣̾һ
Ϸ˰Σ𲻳뾹յԼˡ
µĿ˳ָķõϣһ㶣ζüĿסõۣ欣㵹˵˵ΪҪָʹд̱
ҲĽүûǸָʹūǱ̽·
һ£ǷˣһдĴñӣΪ˱¸йءûôɵд̻ǿҪĴһˣ֮ء
ȻһҪҸ汳ֻҲ
¾עãţڵķĿƷӿ仯Ī⡣
ԭЩĹǣ´ҳһ£תĿͶã̽лɣͬ顣
âֻȴݲȵֱ˻ȥȴϰˡ
ΪϴһԺҲˣû뵽ôּˣ治֪컯Ūˣڤڤע
˵ѾָֻҪɴΪϲħ֮Ͳᴥ˭֪款ȻһͬˮӲǽ˳޴硣
Ϊ˲ݣ欿һģ欶ǰвĿԿҷϣƱػѡͬھ
촽ﲻ֪ðһ㱡
۽ޣһ欹ӶԣǸӣӵ³֪ûü»Ϊӣһʱ벻ʵɷֻܳĬԶԣȹǺηӦӦԡ
Ѻȥϼӿʣ
˫߬ȭȻҡ۾û뵽¾飬͵ĻᶼûУҪֱ´ź
¶˵óѵЦ

߳ʿȴѺ款Ҫߡ
һ£ҵسº£ǲץˣ
תؿ欣ץľ㡣
ĿԲɣūס
Ȼۣϲ֪Ѿһ亹½˸ʪ͸
Ŷû°ͼ룬ǱŪŪס˵ֱ꣬á
üһʱҲ²Ҫʲô


12  

һӳϵѹץסֽ
֣ʾõһߣӳ»⣬æͷ˵һԡ
ǰͣ£˵̧־Ҫȥöɴ
͵̧ס֡
ɴȡ˷ʿħ֮֮һģ֮仹Ǳ˴Զĺá
һʱ֪νǰ⣬ֻǱܵҪֹ
´ڵķĿﰵâһüᴽ϶֪ǣ
ֻöūǰ˹£δȫǻŵ¡
ɨһֻסԼֱĺֻ֣ϴ˻Ƶķ̣΢΢˻
϶֪Ѿ֪˭ˣ
ڸߴңѼˡ
òҹĿ˾µ飬ҪǱеĶߣ浽ӸǰͲճˡ
ü۵ūªţʲ𣬷֪¡
£Ǻˡʮ֣ص˵һ顣
òΪҪٴǿһ飬ʶ̧ͷ
̧ͷһ˲䣬ǰӰһΣɴ׾ٵ¶߻µ
µĺһ͡
ʱҪڸԼ־ã˫ѻ㳤޵ʹҲ¶Լ顣
ˣˣ¿϶ŵˣ֮ǰŬҪǰˡ
°ͱ±ָ
ĿԣôµﾹȻκ˫˵һˮ̶棬ӳֻĻš
¹һϵȵı飬ĿָĦõ°ͼ⣬һս
ºȻζЦˣͷҲصض欵϶֪빴ңõָʹ̽·ԣ˵ѡ
⻰˵ģ̫ģ欵ҡ
ͬ潼ˣȴ˸
ݺòɣתȣ裬ȾңȾҡ
ڵϣ壬ѱȵ次
֪ԼҪǱߣͻҲˣ輱裬欲ȥˡ
ͻȻ䣬ֻú쬵ģɱ
ʶҪתδͱ뻳Уž͵һת
ʯ䣬۷һ֧ϸ̵ֶĺɫ/ԼĶһ
͡һ죬űǡ
һз̫죬ûûзӦʲô
վԼͷһֻֽڻǰɫ¹ƽкţǶһϤ㡣
Żתǧһ֮ʣ±һ֧/
Сһ죬æƿ£һδüڣһľС

ţеĹǶҵؼеס۾ޣеֱ˹ȥ
һãȻ˳ǵĿ⿴ȥʱסˡ
ǰ欰Ĳϲһɫ/ǼͷĲֻ¶һСؼβ档
˫ĿԲ˫ڿкҵػţҲ֪ץסʲôѪشĺӿ춼ѪһٲƵģǰϡ
֧/Ȼ次
һԵԳȻҲסˡ
ءһ£欵˵ϣĿ
״ֱڵϣ˫ֱӡ
Ȼ棬ǶǷ棬ĿùѪȲ̵ĳ棬˻ĺӣԼǰ
üɨһ欲ϵ/׷

ԳһֽƵĵĳ/ķ׷˳ȥ
ߵ欵ʬԣ£ǿһۣȻ̧֡
һԵʿӦƽôӴ£һʱ²ԡ
˰ûʿӦü̧ѵӡ
ʿȻ򣬼æԼεػصû
ǳһ£ҧѣȥ衣
ʿʱӦæܵǰüϽͳԼĎʿʿһюȥ¡
ɨһЩüͷš˴֡
ٶǰ޼ɵõϴͷŴһۣͣӯӯһյϸ䣬ŮʱҎĵط
϶֪ɷĎһá
Ŀ̫ԣܲѲǷʿħ֮ãԲŽ¶
õǸūûϡļȷʵû
²Ϊ⣬Ŀһתӳİɴϣɴ
ҲС˵ţӳ֡
ӳ¿ɿһãûʲô飬µ壬ֻɪɪؽɴϡ
ɴ·ص欵ʬԣɴסЩû벱/βһһ˳/հγ˿ڴѪѪ߸ߡ
/˿
ǡʱԳϴŽˡ
ԳһǱز˸ˡ
ƺ⣺ˣѹûˣ
Գϲûˡ
ֽ/ӸԳϣɴ߬
ԳʶסﲻԵؿ˿
С/󣬷ǹƱܳܿ͢أֻİϲ򵽣СǴܿʶʹһĺӡ
Գգգۣƺû̫
ûߺʧߡ
ͷʹüģѵһԷڣǸеġ
ԳϻĿһʹѣ
һˣʱͻȻʲôƵģţѲһδ룬Χͷˣһ˽Ѳ˵
ԳͷЩɶĺͷԡ
û˵Ϊ£Ѳ˭ҪѲģȻµҲӣֻô˳ȥ潫괺ԷΧ
-
һգΧס괺Է󣬾һֱûнѲν֣һʿڴ￴欵ʬס
һѪǸԶԼķʱ̽ͷ۲Ķ
辭һţһ˵ںͷ
վڶ¥ķԣһۣ欵ʬѾѪˣȴ˸Ҷ
ɵǰӵǧţ󣬱ӽںΡʱ³Ҳòȥ欵Ļ黹ڵĻԼ³θ룿
ӣ˶ˡӳѵ
ÿ¥£Ըӳ£ȥһز
ӳ˹һ¥µ欣ܿҪزãСȰӹǰûٺӡ
ĬƬ̣пһʬջ֪˭ʬ͵ƣֻиʬ
ӳ֪϶֪ڸ̾Լˡ
ݱ֮ˣԶ֪Լںδںʱں֣֮֮һֻᱻϯҪӽڵġ϶֪ˣ˵ĵɾҲδ֪
ūȥҲ
תطױ̨ǰױһһ򿪣һкнӹͣǸؽҶϡ
лҪ˵кǣ߶Լڵˣء


13  

-
үҲˣһ˵һ潫ͷϵĽؽҶʿ͵ТүƳԡ
ʿŽ˿Ҳûʲô顣
תͷӳһۣӳæһǮϡ
үʹˣүæһڱףҸؽˣҲΪ
ʿǮ˵ߣȻų˵š
˵꣬Ǯպýҡڵسȥˡ
ӳæײ欵ʬϡ
ԼĪһǸʿֽˣһͬһʿ
˽˵̧欵ʬ׾ˡ
֮󣬱û˽ˡ
-
괺ԷϢ˾֪ˣԣûĸ˻ڴʱ괺Է
ͷϴɫdֽĨȥġ
޴Ҳ֪ȥˣˣһӱΪ欵ܿģΪ˷ֹйܡ
ԸһͰѲڰей֤ȫջˡ¾½һݣȫش¿ʣ𱶨Ȼ׵塣ʱﻹſڡ
һ뵽˶Ѱˡ
ʱŮ˽һ
辪˵յʬ
Ůصͷ
Ѿͷģû뵽еζ૵
ͻȻǰԴõ̬ȣԲͬ欣Լ֮仹Щ
һ룬ѵö˼
Ҳȥðæɽǰ
-
ƿŵʱڰǰСǺӲֽ֣ӳһԼź
ԶԶһĿ
֪òʲô˼ҵĺӣ˼ҵĺʮ֮ǰͨ黭
Էʱǵýд˼һʱַ¶ᣬأȫһСдģǰ˴ټʱϰǾﵽˮ׼
ģȥõ
ԽȻ֪ʵ黭ƵͽƵδǰϼϯױƵֵ㲦黭Ȼȥ
ԷģǸŵĲǿ޾ǲ̻̲աΨãȻ±֣ݴݣ϶ñǷǸｿġ
ֻǲ֪Ϊλ
һӣͷƤ飬ͷһѴ󵶣Ϊ֮սľġ
ˣ
ø±ʣŲһԵĵϷźãӳ¸һյ裬ʵӿɺЩأ
º̫ѨϵĨ̾ˣסˣޣЩ
õһͷ޲ģƺմǾ䡮Сȫֻǳڿ׶ѡ
˵ʾŪԭΪ˹ݺװģ׵ģòŶԡ
ֻתƻ泶ѽ˵յʬ
ﴧŽеĿģϵ˵Ѿ봺ˣԽԽȣʬ׸õĿ죬סںͷȻǲ֪ǰĿࡣ
ôѪˣҲû˸ȥɨ·ʱȷŵһӴ̱ǵȳζڨڨΣлл㡣
һڲ裺лܣ޾Ͳˡ
⻰һʱнҲӲȥֻתƻ⣬żɽ泶ҿ㻹м˼ģҲˣ괺ԷҪôΧȥǲˣ̽鱨ǱҲýģʲôС̽磬ȥͬŹ괺Է
ԭ̣ǰȥȰ³ˣǿ롣
¶û˼ȷȷºܲǣһ뵽ǰ½Ĺǻҵãʹĵ£ȻֻԽԶԽá
ü裺ƾʲô»ң
ָȻƾЩʾɫġ
ޱؿŽ裬ͻȻǳһ£ƤЦⲻЦƼ֣
һֻ׵ĶǵĶƣ̲ס˸顣
ĵ˵ǾĴۡ
һӱˡ
֪ڰʾóȻ£ܻܿᵼºһ³
һʧܣ޵ڶλᣬǾ´󣬻Ǳ괺Է´󣿡
ӶԣȻ´󣬱Ͼһ괺Էûˣǧǧ괺ԷǴĻᣬǶٸ괺ԷҲֲ˵ġ
֪ӵˣѡǻѡ񱣴ʵȴʵʱΪ˱괺Էȥðա
ȻΧΪ˾Ȼ費֪ͼ֪ȥ϶ѡ˧
Ѿ˽·ʱ̣˵ٶѲ벻붷飬괺ԷѾ˻ҲܵİУ޷Աֻܵ
תϥǣã˫סõֵ㣬뷨ӣ괺ԷҪǱסԷеĹǶˡ 
ԷĹǻĳɣòŲں
һи󵨵뷨Ȼ
ǰʾ֭Ҫӽ͵ڣͻȻһý˫ַķӡ
ַ̧ס֣Ե˵ң취Ÿˣ˵ʲôӱ괺Է
ȻϵѪɫ˲ȫޡ
ҲʱæǼֱ
Ϊİ׮ɲֻһ괺ԷǾԲΪһСС괺Է׳ֵģǻʱֽνûõķ
ʱĽܽ괺Է൱ڻᱩ¶ķãһµҪ
ȻˣþҪѹձϵһݡ


14  

鷿
̴ľͷ鰸ǰ˿ˡ
᳤ʷߺա
УξԳϡ
´Ӱв鵽ڣС/Ĺжʮˣһˣд޴󣬴˾괺ԷĻԺͷӴ޴󡣡˵ţԳϽչƽǰ鰸ϡ
һÿ̵Ȼ͵ľһɨһʵأ
괺Էͷ
ֻǵס
ԳƵһ죬˰Σڻ̲סˣһԴʵ²ףĵΧ飬ǲǹڸ޴ʱ׼ܣ
ɨԳһۣ޴ƤӵˣУξҲøˡ
Գϻֲֵ̿ͺ𣺡
ֻΧţ淢ʲôԲùܡﶷţҵҪλôѡԴ괺Էӡ

Ǳ߿жˣ
ߺֻʮκڹٽС
ͣеĶüȥҸʦͻ˵òַȥôҼΣٱһװУŲ飬һĴ⣬Ҫݾߣиżɡ
˵ţͯС˽£á
ȥ

ǰŸճȥžʹ˽һ滹ʵ
㲻ô˹
ͷҲ̧ҪҪ
ᳵ·ߵٴԣЬ齣ѹøϲʵĽ
һյõȲ衣
˵ϻˣ빬򸸻ƼȥΡ
ҰɡΣһӣһչзεҡҡֻ绨ѩ£һ̸
ôˣ̧ͷһۡ
£ǰ㡣ȣһڲ衣ȻԴºһֱڵͷæʲôŲһȻڵʲô
ɵʲôʱѧˣ
ϵĶһͣɫ˳
ǰݺһ̵ֹˣʱмģΪʦѧһĵֻ̣ǻûȵʦóˡ
ܾǰѧġ
ôһ˵Խ£齴Ьܵ鰸ǰϸһۣЦúﵹǵΩФΩ˵տȥпˡ
ֻһѧľ
ͻȻģѧգЩ͸ֵİɣ 
֣ķĿ֮ɫЦš
̾ѾͷҪ̵ֵ֪Ŀ϶ϲİ֡˵ţĿһ鰸ϵһƽϡ
ǽпţƷһŮõĎ
滹һ֧ӲӵĺҶ
ף鷿ŮõĶ۾ȻһҪȥȡӣǰͻȻһӣ֣ܵһһѿ̵ȵزڽеԱߡ
ָȥǿ̵ľͲ棬ˡ
ŵŤתӣµȴøĽ͡
´Ҳû뵽Լ˹ķӦڨڨһ±ӣϹ

¼ɵضȻǲ˵ǣֻ÷ľסǱߣæˣÿ㰢һ̡
-
øеǺ˸һˣ˿ᱳʹġ
ǡӳ´ؽˣݺӳţȻӻȡһ
ӣŪˡ
õһͷһŮͼɾ
Žӹǰһһ޵ĺ컨
һ컨ᣬһͷ
괺ԷҩЩԸŮ˵ĶȻһõġ
ӳԴϴαþ֮󣬾ɷĪʣµӣȻкҪô컨кãЩ֪ԽԽãֻû뵽úܿ;
컨ʵǿɺɫȾϣһдķӣõСȥס˷ˡ
괺ԷһһСԷгʳģСһЩݹصĿҹʱʱҪСõģҲĳףʶá

УҲˣôһ
-
ҹ

һֻɫҰèӸߴΧǽѭټһεǽ£ǽǵĵϷһʵ
èȻɫڵҹƶǾ¿һۣˣʱȥ
һèͻȻԱһᣬ˵ϡ
-
෨ӣûسȥ
괺ԷѱΧ˶գѴ÷зˣҲ֪Ǳ߾δ㡣ڵսսģԼ³һԼôĶ֪

˰̾ǰ̾
ȡͷΣٷѣ׼ޣߵǰȴִᣵʹţ΢΢һü
޷´ᣵϰߡ
ʱᣣȴѬ֮£Ȼһֻè
ǺèȻƣм㺮ǣض΢΢죬ڳаЦһʪģڵʲô
Ŀƣֻɫ֦ϴƬƬĺɫֽϸ
ǡѪ

һ˺ѷεļлҹա
¥ĹǷ׷˳¥Żŵʣôˣôˣ˭ں
úӳҲӷˡ
˼ҵĹƵĿ£
϶֪𣿡
ø뿪ڣˣǴӺԺġ
θ߼Ȼǿ־嵽˼㣬ŵùëȻرס˫ۣġ
ǽõ
Ժ跢˷ƵĳǰôŹ¥Ժӭײ˸ţһץסʣôˣ
跢ѽ⣬ͷֻ£Ȼ׼˯
Ҳ֪ʲôȻŽţɫɷףˮץסƵģץסõĸ첲ֱС
һ˴Խ̿
ã
ΡΡָָԼס֮
ڣң
һתƵúչ裬ȥ
˶ҹȥֻӳ¸һȥˡ
Լһյ߳ˡ
ýմһɫȹʱﱧһֻèǺèɭȻۣĵضˡ
ϸ˳èëһ˿޵Ц⣬ÿһµȹվͻῪһѪɫĻӳȵƻƣºڷߣմӵġ˵ľֹ졣
˼״ʱһëȻ
лҪ˵ǰϰҪ󣬸»СŮǿղס


15  

ЦЦֻһֻèѣɱӣմһѪ˵ţһѪһƬ
κŮӼ˺èַԹĿ־壬ȻþȻҰһֻѪĺèڻߣ
ߣֶѪ
ǵŵ˵ˡ
һǸèŵûҶָúŪߡ
ǡڴʱһ𣬹εͷϵ֦졣
Ǻè˾һ㣬ͻȻҵġһȻû˳գۼ˵˽ǰţצӵŽץȥ
ŵɢ

һĲҽк󣬽һ赹˵ϡ
裬衭Ǽèڽǰһʱ˭ҲóȻǰֻһԲغŽ衣
èĵĵͫضܣǱèЩë
иӴĹӵϼһʯӣźè˹ȥǺèಡһ£ڽ˻ȥˡ
ŸǰΧŻԲѪĽҡֺġ
վһԣۿš
èģèϵѪǺ컨ȾϣèڽϵģֳŽ豻ŵû֮ʣڽϲ࣬è裬ΪŶϽһ񾭡
ֻû뵽ǺèֹصģȻһצץ˽
ƽǴȥġ
ֻҪһߣ޴ֲڣ͵ˡ
ͽطʱϡѪ߰ߡıѾӳóȥϴˣ»һ׸ɾϡϵѣϵ˶õġġ£Ǵĸɸɾ
ҹʱ֣ķſһС죬ӷ϶̽ͷ¿һۣȻŵ˳
ѾһصĲ£ͷöӰţһ帾磬ϱһֱԺƫƧĲȥ
˲⣬ھÿһˣҪƿ񷿵ţͻȻ˺һ
衣
ʱͷƤһըԭء
ðΣתƼò֪ʱվ⡣
ӲسһĨЦ泶ѽ
ʣôˣҪȥĶѽ
ҲΪʲôֻŵøҲƵģû˸ֻÿúӣһұ뿪Ȼûˡ
˵ʲôأúõôûء˹ȥ
ҡͷ㲻Ұèǹ˹ҵģٱ괺Է´ҵľͲѪҰèˡɤӵǹɱˡ
ɫ΢Σе⣬ȻΪèһģοˣ»ûôء
ôأ滢ģһҪ괺Է
û֤ݣҲκβ괺Է֪ĵգ¥κ̽鱨˿ȫˡ
輱Ķˣŵ⺢ôףҾ֤ݣֻҪ룬괺Էͻɻеһѵ
ȷˣֻҪЩ룬Щ˾ͿԱκΡ֤ݡǵϣ΢ûʲôȻŵġ֤ݡá
óĬˣæסõˣ͵ûңߡòţæѰȡ򿪣ȫһЩϸ֮ı
ЩЩģֻҪߡ
õͷһۣûκ֮ģڽϡ
Ϊ̾ҪЩкã˵ˣҪˣԷĽǸô죿
Ȼ·ûܹԷ˵±ô˸ţǲ׷Լߵġ
һת
ɿ˵ҷǽ౦ڶİ˷ңôı·ȥɡףһ䣬Ҳ棬Ȼǹ˵ˣںϾǸ䵽Ͳˡ
ҹɫ΢ɲعһ¡
ת涼ǽ˿ʱ䣬ӵóȥ
ģаǰլ䷢ֵģⰵֱͨġһ·ϣǳŵİšΪ뿪Ҳǻȥˣͨúг
ĴҲ᧿Σ뿪ͨܵ뿪
ýϵû衣
Щ軹Լ·ðɡ
ŵؿãЩɶǮþȻ˵ҪͲҪ
ü費ӣǿĻȥһ·գౣء
ۿһ죬ͷŰŵһл
-
߽ȥ˽ңս˵İλôһȻŵĶԷǵ
ȡҵӳµǷݣ·˻ȥ
ٳʱһ£תȫȡ˳
صԺӳµ
Ѿˣ괺ԷٴˣԼҸȥҲҪˡ
ӳ¿æʣأӲ𣿡
ðһۣɵѽ
ӳū澸ߡ
ûĵҡ
ӳµͷ˵ˣֻ߬
ȡ˺һ齻ӳ£ԸǵĵظǸȥǸı·ȥ
ӳĬؽӹһͷ
ÿӳһۣ괺ԷɢܾӳһʱȲӳһԼˮУҪߵ·գԶ֪ǰһԨίʵûҪһᡣ
Ѽƻãߣʹӽ˵ܵߡ
룬ǲ̣תֽʷɿдһС֣һɰ
ɰúãȲҪ򿪡򿪣ָʾߣһҲҪͣ
ӳźɰһ죬ҧҧ촽ȻӣԺǻ𣿡
һ£û뵽ϣȻ˻ڴٴۡ
ԵԻټ
-
ʱһĹڳϹ¥죬⣬ˮһһصܿ촫ǡ
ѻҹɫʱԺ˹ȥ
ʱ괺Էһ򰲾Ȼˣúܿǰ
ϾҪ뿪ӵħЩ˷ܣһ̧ȥš
û
һϾȻһ
ۿŽ߽ȥġ
ѵ˵
öʱʶ²оطѾ¶ˣȻȥ˵ 
˭֪һת岽⣬һһվ׳˶Ĵ󺺣ű۳Ц϶֪ڴ˹ʱˡ


16  

ñѺشʱȻƻͨվˣϸϸһȫԷĹǡ
ñµȦϣ޴ŸȣŹӣһԷżӣһѴ󵶣վһԺﱧһԼ߼ĺľУɢʮԺ
ǰЩ괺Էʱֻ̣һ˺󣬸ߵ
ֹǰĴؽǰһơ
һ˫ֱЩ˵ڵϣҿӳۼֽſسס
ӣû°ɣ
óӳҡҡͷӳ£ʲôˣ
ӳ¸뿪ڣ޴Ϻݺһڹӿǣõɵ϶֪һͷҪҽȥǴðҹӣ
򴽲
Ƿ׷׿á
⼸գʵھ̫࣬ҲŵùǺȫ֪Լ˭ϣȻ֪϶֪ƲǶԳӣһ˵Թ
޴ʣµĹڼϣģһس˵ôѸλмҪ˵˵
Ǳ˴ʡ
֪괺ԷʱֵһԺˣҲ֪ȥĶˣδ޴Ϊ
޴һָͷһ¾ǡˡ
һǶʱʧɫ˵յ֪óʱֻЩԹڵ֪边ȻҲ˺󣬴һȫ
ˣ
ˣǲˡ
Է˴£Ȼ費ӡ
أô죿Ǹô죿
ΨվһԹۣ·һƵġ
޴ҵķӦһߵͷһѰͬ˵Ҳýְ̫ɣȻЩСһˡ
ôһ˵Խˡ
ԣڶǸйء˵꣬޴תǸľиӣ̽
һʱźֹסŴ޴ֿ
ֻ޴ͬϷƵģӺšһš
ͷ
ڱ˷ļС
ǴҵķӦȡõ˴޴ͷЦһȻŽͷ­ɫȻ
ǣѾˡ
䣬һףǿѪܵͷ­µµع룬һ˫Ŀ۾ֱֱءŴҡ
ŵİһֱӻʹȥˡ
״޴ϧҡͷôţһ˵黹ںء
һ䣬ʽ
ˣЩĹԼĴȻڻ֮ǰˡ
üŽͷϷŶĿ־壬һ˿ŵȻȻ޴ڽ޷ʱɱ
鸾׻˵һշްնʲô˸ɱˣ
޴Сָͷһʺֵ˳ȥһЦһշްնĻȻһ潼˵ϡǲһ£һ/а񶾾ԣΪҪɱ裬϶֪ӦñҸǡ
ĿȻһȥ
޴ڸɱָʹںָʹѾԶ׼ˡ
һ㣬ӲֻҪɱ裬޴͵ָ̧ãȻһתָɨйһ죬괺ԷŮˣȫҪɱ
Ƕʱŵˣ޲ڵڸӰԼ
Ȼ·ˣǺµӿ
괺Է潼˼Ů澹жʮˣڳһҹɱʮˣǿ֮
һ޴Ȼ滹ΧŽ¶ɱڡ
նݳ
ȻЩ˵ϣֻҪκһ㲻İѱѡ񳹵׻
Էڴ̽Աأǲ֪Ϊ˴֪̽괺ԷΪ˭õʵҲͽ裬欺ʹ޴ѣӻѡնݳ
ˣԶΪ˴ĿӶϧһдۡ
ۣɫ޴ɺôĵӣ棬㾹ڽƤӵɱˣҲԼ޶Ů
޴ɴһӣӿûʲô޶Ů
޴֮ǰǸֺǵ˵̸˺ü¶ûɣ޴ܳƮţƮƮžƮ˽Ĵϣ֮͸˸Ƶ벻ˣɴ˽괺Էˡ
˵ʱһֱڰй۲Ժɫᵽ޶Ůʱ˹Ȼɫһ䡣
ЩԺ˵ֺ֮඼ȢӣȻһֻҪЩԺǶҡ˵ǻһ
ûУСһһӹЩԺصɫĴ޴ϣѣ˵û޶Ůиĸ˫װɡ
ԣԺѸٱ˴˿һۣҡǻᴫȾƵģڻԺǵ￪ʼݿࡣ
޴һ̫Ѩͻͻ¡
Щ޴Ȼǹ˳ŵᱣĸҺ͹˱ӻȻ̫ǣֻ˼һˣͿԽеǮϯգٴӽԭ׼ܵӳ⡣棬˳ȥ԰ȫĵط
ԺȻ
û뵽þﾹȻġίʵɶ
ţŭصã¶һŷƵݺݵС죬Ȼү쾿жֳ̧廤ԺһӣֵǣЩŮǶǵˣϣһڱ
һʱֵ̿סԼؿڽ
Ҫ
ҲһĹؿϣһѷֱӲ˸͸
ںĹŵ÷׷˿ؿǹվﹾֱѪҳһ¡
أ
ǹֱͦͦȥ
޴ǰȥһ°γ󵶣ʺѪҺڰзɽһ»˴޴ϣԽԵɷ
쾯棺˭ٸҽУ³ͬ
ɱӺУԸЩСĹȻõĺܡ
Щԣﻹٿ԰
޴Ťͷ¶ԥļԺǻŸϰ
һԺŵӵͷ϶֪˵ĶԣǿڽƤӵɱڰ
޴󻢾вһУôˣ
ˣ˭£ԺԲˡ
õã޴ʱú޵ġ
ᵶһһһָЩԺǵвҲˣһﶼմ˽Ѫ·һˡ
ѹִ޴ǸͱһԭǣԺǶʱˡ
ڸ·һǳȥ淢ӣӵҪӵĵ죬ǵȿ졣޴󽫴ѪԼϲ˲׹֡
ǿɾظӸǣȻնݳٸһܵӳȥԼŰ죡


17  

׻˵ȨȡᣬȨȡء
ЩԺԭԼǱɵģ޴ŵǿ֮ǰһ飬ʱ̰ռǡ
ĵҲͷɴ£ֵǣϣ
һȺһѷƵĳϧ֮
һʱ䣬˺/Цͺ

϶֪ǰ
϶֪
϶֪Ⱦǡ
ˮʱˮֻһݣˮ֮ҲƴץסΪƽĶ֪ӣйϽ֮ȨЩǾˮ֮ˣƴȣȴ˴ʱѱ
ȫңݽҧзɿ˼Ӧ֮ߡ
޴ؿŻԺƻı֣˴󵶣һ߲ϵѪһ߻سȥ
ӳ¼״׳ŵǰſ˫ۻƵĻãɫس޴󺰵
𾪵ؿӳ¡
˵˲ΪʱӳѵӦԱ
޴ӳ»סüᣬһצץסӳǰ½šСƵӸһԺŭѾͷֵǸӺúź򣬺ʲôζ
ЩѾ˹ﻹյסӳ¶ʱʼһͨҿС

ӳµĲҽдļȻһͻȻɤţ
һƽһף˲ͣ˴ҡ
޴ĥȭƵʣ϶֪ǻʲôҪģ
ۿŴ޴Ĵ־Ҫؿڣһɫа취˽괺Է
޴ͣǰߵλá
Ĭü̧ۣЦµ񣬱괺Էʲôã
öسŴ޴ζ괺ԷûãǱá
޴Ŀһ˵ˡ
޴ɣøϽȴ޴ɺú룬뱳żʮӴԺģڹǰ´󹦣ңɣ
޴Ĭһ˲ʵô
аһ޴Ķˣ޴ʹ˸ɫ
һ˵Щ飬Խ֪Խá
޴ԥһ˲ųһ°͡
ߵ棬޴ߵ˵ɡ

޴ŰɣҪΪ粻ãҪȵʱãĻҲɱ˽裬Ͼůôõıѣٻеġ
̹Ե˱ƵʱȻһЩǱ˼֮ǰ֮ԲΪ
˵Ǵ޴˼֣ϾЩ¥еŮǣɫ飬ѧʲôУǵûС
ƾʲô
òʣɱİɣ
޴۵
㵱ʱĿýŴ޴϶
޴ۣɱ
üװûʱΪΣյңԳ־ңһĻӦÿú
괺ԷϵĹ˵ǽ裬İ׮ȴǴ޴󣬽ֻǸӶѡ
ǱڰۼҪԲžԾ󻼡
̧һ˲䣬ĵ׼ͷöµĶģʱ˼һȻһֱѾ˼Ҫβ˻Ὣɱˣ
󵨵ͷһðûиʱ俼ǣ/˳ȥ
Ϊ˵ãݣǼǵһӲǱ˹ȥ
ȴһȴϾң˵⡣һؿ̽Ŵ޴ɫĿ˸֪а/ųɰˡ
޴룬֮ǰȷʵؿ§һ֮ɫ÷û
ֵֻգ֮ұضһ
޴òµΣ
ðͦأȻҪɱҪϤ㡣
£ɹ˵ȻãҲöصĹӣܹǰ´󹦣˵ԺŪһְٰܱ֮ͽá
ֻǡ
޴ĵض϶֪Ҿ㣬ˣʲôС
ЦҲ欣ֵңҶǹ˵ӣ˵˾ͬһϵƣǰˣУûô
޴˼¶˾ġ
תŻԺ
²۵ĻԺһǾɥתңϾͷɱˡ
޴뿪ʱͷ·Žľˡ
Ժһߣӳ˹ýϵӡ
ӣû°ɣûˣ
ðճ˺üѪӡӳס˶ɫŴ޴뿪ķ
û£أ
ӳҡͷūû¡
ֿһˣңɢбСɷף޿䣬ɸġ
Ȼط
-
ٴӰ֧ժȥվ׮괺Է棬ֳôĶȻδܾǽ̽
µûĻӦѾ괺Էйأ˷Χ飬ֲŲʣΪ̽ӻηӦ
Ȩ֮ǱְģЩˣǻȨµƷѣ΢
ǲıƫҪ۵һԡ
ӡӳ˹һյȲݸȱȲѹѹɡ
ýӹյʱ̧ӳµһۣģĹǺõȥ
ʱźȥϴһ¡
ӳҲ֪ԼģǱĺܣͷתҪȥƼϵӰӺۻѵӣǶ⣬˵Ҫŵлӵľ֮
óһ´лˣȵֻԼѣǶɢˣ޿ģġ
-
ñ۾̧ʹ෢͵̫ѨͷʹԵԻ⡣
κ౦ԣ֮ǰһŮͼɽˮմɻȡ˳ƽڼϡ
Ůѣͷ䣬÷Ŀ䣬ȣƾ㣬δɫѼɷ˴Լ
ԭǴӽΧ괺Էտʼ±ʵģԷһˣʱ˿̣֮һˡ
ȡɰʯ̡ꡢ졢ʯʯ֬ĸۡۡɺ۵ȻһһڷźãʼĥȾɫ
һھҹֱîʱĩ󹦸ɡ
ӳ£׼˸ԡ־ĴһñŸװѺõŮͼͬӳһ¥ˡ
Ȼһžͱסˡ
ŵǽУξԳϡ
ÿżɽүū¡
ԳϽűҶǻܼģ
ӳºһӶϡ
ԳϿһӳϵĴӣĹĵģùһװĶЩŮõΡ
ǰ϶֪һ֧ӺһǮ˵Ҫ˵޼ʬ֮ģµ֪󣬾ֱͬˣǰֻӡ
ǸˣҲóλ϶̬֪ƺܲһ㣬磬˳ˮ鿴
԰Ǵڽҿɲ֤
үת£¿˺һġýϡ
Գϴ˴ӣùչ
˭֪ϸ¶ŮͼеͼԳϵȻһ䣬æ𻭣̽شһۡ
ɫӺţͰæš
лҪ˵ճգۣǡ


18  

˷ùݡ
ڷдģһĽŲԶ
װδţֱ˽ǰŲӿһĳĺŻȻװֵ칫
Źȣ񣬱㽫ȿϣֻ񣺡дء
һ˵һٴƽСĺ칫δ
Źߵ£̾ٴˣԷĻȫˣʥ껨
һˮʵ칫ɢֵβȥܹ
װôҶɣ
칫˷Ϸ壬в֮
¹ǫˡ۾λƽ֮ϣ۹Σ˽󽫾ٽƷһµĶͷϷ塣
һɫҽȷһ档
칫˵
˵ʦڵΧƽһ˼һѮ֮ã
ȷд¡
ɫ¿֪ѱԹٵʥǰˡ
µͷһˮһΪǵǵҺ
񡣡
ԣ㶣漴һӡ
ΪӻʲôУû뵽ֻһЩԹʥ
ָڼߵߵӵ˽⣬ֻôֶβŶԡ
ôһ㶼ģһɵüʵ
ЦʼȻûټңȻЩԹٵƬ֮ʡ
յΪʥѯңʱŪ˹ȥ
齣֣زֹл۶л칫ӡ
һ޿κεҡҡͷ
ĬʣǺ£ֵý
ɫ潼˱ɱ־Ǽ˼ΧΪ˵㡣
Ǻεȴ֮ˣһͲ³ֶ֮ζ
Σµ۾ָ᲻صذߵ£Сһ֣ɾǡ
գװâһӡ
ȷʵֻø𳤰һдҪȣСƽ׸ӿңžʵȨȴܸԤ
˰ƽ׸Īѱˣ
칫ô룿
ζ˵ĳô룬λô롣
סЩˡ
ĳմ״ʵԭﰵﶼڰϹټңǻʺˣܱ
ֵλһֱϣʥŨʱʥ϶µĸֲֻǰӦδ
˵ţԳһ糾͵ˣڣæ׺
Ŀһֵзִ硣 
忴Ϳ֮⣬ż
ǰֲ齣˹ȡ
˳µļ˵зִͺá
˵Ϸ壬֮ܽ£ЩȨ֮⣬Ȩı޷ǳŹλ
ţĿ뿪
ԳһԲẰ

϶֪½תԳ˫ֽϡ
Ťͷǻһۣδ
ĬƬ̣չ
ȻϵӳµɫͬԳһȻһ䣬ķĿʱ𲻶
˵ʲô
˵
-
괺Է
Ȱ򣬴չģˬѿ֦żĸ
ɴᣵʹǶͭѼ¯̣ϵԿ̻쾱ƿڲһ֦ɫһ仪ǳԺ۵ġ
Űɫխ壬ɫ໨ʯȹٻڼǰȣҡŰķ¯š
˾续¾á֡
ףһָڰϣһַȼĦŽµӣٵһ۾עá
Ļǰ֮оͬáࡱӡ
ʱڻױϸ˿ǰٿᡣ
ֻϧлǾлã󲻵ãҪá
϶֪˽бΪ뱾Ʒգ»̲סȿ˿ڡ
һ쿴һ浭ЦȻǣū֪кܶūūڵȵ¿ʡ
㵭ݣһ˿ܾ꣬ԼǱԷסƵġ
Ǻá½ϵĻڰϣָߵߵᣬޱʵ˻϶֪
ǡ÷Ų


19  

ۣ϶֪ʱʺ󣿡
ŮǵʺϹء
ǰõǸϹأԣ²Żỳõ⡣
ȷûŵʱδʺ󣬶һ췴ŵ̫ϹصݣĿùϹصĺӶϹ޵ˡ
Ȼǲ֪飬ȻҲ֪Ϲص顣
֮ðϹص񣬲ΪĩϹʮｫϯΪʺ췼ΪŮӽ԰ûʲôȾԻʺϵˡ
аûʺԻǰ
øǺ˺ǣ˫ֵǰ̧£˹ȥԪڣʺڻ¥ͬʥ͵ƣūʱ¥£Ľʺʢգ࿴˼ۡ
ȥԪڻʺȷʵڻ¥ֹҲȷʵȥƣ̫࣬վԶʵʺա
ŰɣҲȷʵ㲻Եɡ
֪õĻģ۵ĶĿִʣԾȻֽϣ仭տƴңۼ֤ġ
ԣܽʺϻƣһҲ⡣
϶֪ͱ˻⣿
ŵʫŲūڻ˰ףһףʫػʺ﷼ϿʫһĴá
ǵǰ²Ŷѧʫ黭һףʫ¶
˼ˣֽ軨׷
ƾʲôΪ
ɵӵ϶֪ǶԼĻδЩ
ǡֵˮУֲ裬һڵĲڲУڴ˲δУֻ˫зϣһָߵĲūĻǵµʫ
⻭˭ĲҪҪ⻭˭͵ġ
ֽ͸ʺǻıȻҲ͸ˮǴߣһֵûʺģԽΪ̸г롣
µȻƵģͲõ⣬һЦҲʲô黭ңٺãҲֵʲôۡ
ڲɫڲ΢΢
ҧֵֵģͿôΪ
´ðָ΢΢鴤ţٿŲ걵ĴȻͨ졣
ǲ̫ˡ
ڵһһ˿򴽣վֽ̧ӹ걣Ѹ֣ڼ֮¡
ͷһڲ裬¡
˵ɣʲôҪ󣿡
ֱ³߽
Ū˰ΣԭΪ˸ӽΧ
·Ŀ΢⽥ˣǿ´˻ļֵﲻ
ɫɱ欵־괺ԷڣūԸߵ˭
ɱ欵Ȼ֪˭˿ӵİ׮þȻҪӵİ׮⵹Ը⡣
˭
úԥ괺ԷԺ޴󡣡Ǵ޴ﻹҪͣתͷͱøˡ
ȻʧɫĹûƭΪҪӵİ׮
ѵ
õ۾Ըָϴ޴󣬲³ʹ
Ըָϴ޴³ʹǾͱʾӹȻѡ
Ļ
ﾹ̲סһ˿ڴ
ȴ׵ūһŮ֮ȹ˾ⳤҲݲūˡ
Ȼǡ
ʧؿá 
ţûһתֵū䲻ָϳʹ޴¿ԣһҲԽˡ޴ЩԺǸŴ޴ѾõľˣЩ˾ǽͷݣһƾУֻҪһ괺ԷҲû˭ֹ뿪ˡ
׵ڣΨз¯ϵˮ졣
¾ĬԣõһĽţʵûκΰ˵¡
ڿ˿ڣܺ棬ôΪ˭
ΪūԼΪܻһգգ峺һס
˵ʵܱ괺ԷȴľǴ޴ħצ
¾ؿһ϶֪Ҳˣ֪Ǹ欵潼˸ǱҸۡңһĳָʹȻһ潼Ķôĵӡû´ĻӦþ괺ԷĻ֮ˣ֮Χ飬Ϊ˱ǸĻ֮˳֡ĿסŹһ˿һĲԱĻǾ͸ңǸ˾˭
һ
Ȼ´˾پΪ˱ӳ֡
µĻ񲢲ȷ괺ԷĻ֮˾ӣҲ괺Էڰռ鱨ȻڵһʱѲ괺Էҵ㹻ָ֤֤Ӳǡ
뵽һַɿһ˵ǡ
ʵȥȷʵūйءūģ˭ȹϵ£˭괺Էͷƣ欲ŻյǱµĸۡȥġ
𣿡ƤЦⲻЦô


20  ʧ

ҹˣֻǡͷ͵͵˵Ūյ֪Ҫū׼ãΪ̨Ͼ޵£룬⡭Ϊټ󾹻Ǳ˳ҹ
·ĿһУε֪Ҫ괺Էģ
֪Щ鲻̹ǻεģӲͷƤʵǰǷšġ
Ϣҧ϶֪㵹Ǻôĵӣ
ֻ֪֮ܽ괺ԷΪ˸һţдʲôҲΪڲ£ֻſں˵Ķһˡ
µķӦǱĶˡ
ūð˵£𷣡æ
һָٿȻסõ򢣬Եһᣬ˫µһۡ
˫۾ڹۿƤأѣһ˫ƶۣȻʱ˫۾Եа
˵Ҹô㣿
ﻹٽӻ
°°ͼ⣬ӸµذۣҵǺܺ棬ôǣΪƫƫͶĵˣ
Ϊ࣬Ψе³Ⱦʿˮ׳ŵӵûʲôµ߽֮սˡ
µȻ֪˵ĶǼٵģһвΪ˱Ӷѡ
֪絶Ƶġ
ϵеĺأõ򢱻İ࣬СΪűԽ͸ףͫš
ֻۣ˫ˮƵģָɿƻؿʼո
õһ˫ĿʱŴһҶض
ͻȻع֪طԼģѾȫסõС
ů᲻÷֡
ȥ۵׸˼룬Цһ¡
ԸϹ㣬ǣѲ
ٴʱѾεͷŶ
϶֪ϻصĳҹ㻹Ƿءζѵ
ðһ۾
֪һ죬綼û
´ĿϵĶҲԽ̽ĶסĺףĴָⲦŪĶɤɳƵô뻹

绹糬
ʱȥĹ⾡֣΢΢ͷ̴ͣʼӭµĸһ濪ʼԼǰ˿УȹڵأصĴէ֡
ǰľ飬ԣǱɫ֡
עõĶˮ˲䱻һ㣬ͣﴦһŻ֫ٺš
͹ĺἱϼһأɤѸٷ
û뵽ٴνãԿء
ҧ۾ǰöһУǰĮüۣܹĿ࣬ؽǹɳ嶯ѹȥ
Ȼʼˡ
һǰõĿĻΪ˽ӽԼݺԼ
סú׵΢΢קõķ
óʹü̧
ֻЦЦؿ˵֪ΪΣԽԽƵġ
ͻͻһ
ħ֮ã
Ǻã
֪Ҫһ۲ſϴӦҲޱѡֻԸսپɡ
ħ֮ãһϣ߶߲ˣĿǸ𣬿ɲΪ˺¾ġ
˼ţͻȻ»һתѲɣǰ
һսӽŵȻֱͷƤ𾪵¡
ѵħ֮ãǡ
Ҳˣ
ԼİĺܣȻĻҪӦǺݺݳͷԼٴԼʯȹ֮²Ŷԡ
£ﻹҼģæºصĪҪЦūεºܣڵµǰ
ڡ

õָ΢΢һ£ܾ⻰̽ζ㱣ֳĬâ
¾سһȻ걽ʣµĲˮһصظڰϣȤĺܡ
»Ц֮⣬һ
˵ϵ壬ϵĻᣬƹǰ
ϵ˲õıǿУͬʱµͳҲĶ
Ƿҵģȼţһһһֻġ
뿪òɵ룬ǷʲôˣҪһһֻ
Ƿһҹɣ
ѵҲǷ飿
ţӳºȻس˽


21  

ӣˣӳɫ׵
괺ԷռزСټеص޴ԴӽΧ괺ԷҲûгȥһǶԷĳطЩΧӦͶָƣԣ˷ˡ
û뵽˵㻰һžýжˡ
£ץӣ߽ǲҪţŹ϶ڷ

ȻСһ󣬽ӺԺѲں˯Ĵ޴󣬺괺ԷеĻԺһˡ
뿪Էļֵ̽ߣȻǡ
Ǹ˵˻̫ˣ̫ˣ뿪ˣˡ
ô˿ʰ޴ѱ׽ù鰸óæ̴޴ϾʱϽȾ
֮ǰΪƻܵߣϿҪˮֻһҶߣȻҪشſߣҪϸС
ӳµ֪ǰ׼뿪ⲻ׼ǰš
κԷĹ󣬸˷ܲѣȺõ⣬ҪлãӳôסɹʱŴˡ
һ
ޱվڣɨһˣ˵ɡ
ˣƳһǰ
֮괺ԷϵеϧϧҲƽ켫һʱֻʹЩɫ˥ټϷ˱ǰˡ
϶֪ǴңǴҶܸм㡣ϧϧ˵Ʈġ
ò飬ɲأֻΪ˾Լѡ
ϧϧЦ΢ֵô˵㶼Ǵҵľˡ
ǰǰǸϽϵ
ǰһ˵ллдصüǾҪ˵ʲô
ǲԼͬؿϧϧϧϧֱֻԵģȥ괺Էףԣ϶֪ԺǸúȥδӣ
һ£ӦԼǶ֪ݣйϽ֮Ȩ費ˣЩˣԼʳ·
ǶѾˣЩͷԼǾ֮ˣȥĶȥĶӴԺǾ͸ı·ȥ
ϧϧһˣ֮˲֪϶֪֪Ȼǻصµȵļߵﶼı䲻Լݣ˳괺ԷĴţܼ񣬲檣ֻū澣˴ԲСľͻᶪ棬ǵ·
ʮͬظſͷ
ϧϧ˵ĵʵ/ܼˣ˲ȡ檣ֻͨ飬ĺҲΪԶֻΪūΪΪ潡

ܲˣҲı䲻ˣΪԼ
ǵ飬޹ء˵꣬úԥתˡ
ӳææظ˽ȥٽϡ
Ƭ̺ĹǽɢȥˣصĽŲȵõذ忩֨죬һǲõĿϡ
Լһˮһ
κµӳ£΢΢һʵӳ£Ҫȥδ
ӳҡͷش󣬲ū֮ū澲֪ȥ
ôĬƬ̣̾Ȳ֪ȥǾ͸Ұɡ
ѾٵһʮصСլӣϳһסӳ»Ǵ´ģ׼ǮҲӳ¹ӵĶմƳƻ֮ʹӳ뿪ǣຼС⣬˴˲
𣿡ӳϲվز֪ǺãūͳȥЩʳԱ;á
ˣûйǡйҲܳǣһſʱᱻӲ
ӳºܿڳҪֵūȥι׼뿪ãЩŪĻ̵̻ģû˹ܣضûˡ
ףȥɡ
ӳ»뿪ĽŲͷɿһЩҪʰʱĽŲȥˡ
ôֻˣЦת
ֽסĿԲ㣿
δڣȻʹʶ˲ڻڤ
-
Ļѩ˴ĺҹڴµϣһһߵϵĽ
֨֨
Ժһ̤ѩŲ
һϲһ£ЬææȥţȸԾ̲סӺ˳
ɡ
ǻϲڿŵһɱڵǧţʱʱסˡ
˵շּ
ӲҲɵмͲǣһ
վڽ䱸ʣ£
ǧţͳ˵ʥ˿ͣϽּ
ȻǷּ⡣
һȹղӯţ½ͥԺѩϣڴ¹¡
Դǵ
︾ϣ֮檣ݺĲڶд̽鱨Ӧϣͼı죬Ͼ͵ط
ɲǼ䣬ֻȫѪҺ˲䱻ϺĻѩסƵģһƬհס
ֱһǧţһ̣öƣذף籣ǰ
ٴιĤ
ϣʥɣѡһ·
δ䣬էԺĹŻҡõͷҷɣ˸ͣص硣
ϸֳѩ֧ſҪʧȥ֪˫Ȼվ˫Ķҡͷˡ
Ҳţôҵģ˵ˣҪ빬Ϊ
˵ϣ·ɡ
˵£󱳽ϣ۾ҲţҪҪ׿ڶ˵Ҫ
ľʧ˻һ֡
Ѫ
⣬ȥãһһҵؽڵϣһѸٵزĲϡ
ùѩ˫ֱأ󱳱ϥǶţʹŰ籡
޷ӱյۣԴģ˫۴ʹϣſ죬뺰ȴʲôֻﲻط񡭡
޾ĺڰˮ¡Ϣ޾Ϣǻ۵ĿҪըˡ
ͷȻڳˮԼһ׹⡣
һ㣬͵صȣӶƵĳȥ
ˮһ˲͵һʱһᣬ־Ϣ˲ɢˡ
סӣڴڵش
ǰľ״ŷԼһƻΧϡ
ǣ
øҪ²쿴һ̧ͷһۿ߲֮ңĵطһˡ
ߴվڴӰǸӡ
ǻδüɵٴν䱸ʣˣ


22  

Ƭ̺תɫسãôʶˣ
ӣ
ؿڴȻһ˺ѷεʹٴϮ˲Ŀһ衣
ǰ֮ˣƲסضָץסΧ޲ý顣
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һɫڻɿֱ֣ӣָҪ뿪ðʱضסо޵Ĺھۼ
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ӵĴָĦõĺᣬһɿڣ
ūúỬһڿˮȥɱ欺ͽǴ޴󡭡
Ϣ䣺Ӧ֪ѱʲô³
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ػһٿӣŷִĻжģԼʱ̰õλã³ܿ欽ǰ㡣
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Դ˲˺󣬴ʿ˧˧һҲ˧ĪߣһĽ֡
ӰĪ߸˵Ϊ˱ʵΪ˼
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Ȼƻʧܣ괺Է֣Щ·ðˡ

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ʱſڴŲӳ̧ͷΪ˻þæ̧۾һƹãʱƵţּѵӡˣ
üӳ˫ۺףȻǿ޹һ
ӳΪԼԶţˡ
ҹЩ³ȥһˡ
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һ¥Ϸŷ׷״򿪣ȫӿ¥Χ˹
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ӳشͷ˵
ϧϧȷվŵĪߣӵʣ϶֪λǣ
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ЩǾһ٣ǱԺ֮󣬴˿ٿɢ֮δļ¡
Īߡö£Ժ괺ԷµĻԺ졣
϶֪˼ǡ⻰һк壬ϧϧ²Ҫ괺Էˣ
õͷʱǡ
һæֵ̫ˡ
ǰֻø߸ϣһϿ˽ӽȻ괺ԷͻѺǲŷ϶֪侲ţǶı塣괺ԷĴ£ķڷġ
תͷĪߵȥϤһ»һлҪͬ˵
Ī΢΢һüҲû˵ʲôȥˡ
ĪһߣǶʱɿ˲٣æΧʣ϶֪Ҫ괺Է𣿡
ףɫҽ֮ǰ˭ߵģߣҪκһ˽գٲ߾ûˡ
һӶĬˡ
¡ϧϧԽڶȡԼݸãȻ֮ǰ˵ȥ˷ûͷ
㲻벫һü
Щˣлȥıˣȴƫƫһ磬һѾǲ
ϧϧҡͷ̾ˡ

ǰţҲš
ԴҹӴߺԼǧټƵҪӳȥǻصԭ㣬ûʲôһġ
ɣˣⱲӵǰк
ĻᣬΪģġ
ҪԼ˵㣡


23   

öϧϧЦԼү㡣
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ԴȣֻĿᶨ˵϶֪
ţ
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ͬʱһǰͳԼϣҲ϶֪¡
Ҳ¡
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еĹȫͳԼãĿᶨ
ôĬؿǰһ
Ϊ潼ˣûʲôҪĶˣ˵ӶΪȴԸ⽫ӽ
ǰ֮ŮȴǱ³ģţȣ͵괺Էߵÿһƺõģֱӵơ
ǰеֻ桢ޡƣȴûСΡ
Լš
һæ϶֪
¼ɡ
ǲԣ˴һۡ
õӴԺҽ괺Էλǵޡ硢ϡҹ伮֮ʿɳԺıó·ֻ轫ɴʻ괺Է뿪
ƽ˼Ҳͬڽ̷˾潼ɹٸţҪı·Լ˼Ǵ¹ǵĲգŸΪ͵ҪԴǿŹǵޡ˵Ūϡ潼伮ȳ
ס潼ǵǳȥЦӿͣ޲ýѹեɣóԹԼУ潼˽ذ֣ǳӲˣոˡ
¹ȥıҪ𱽻һŲŷ˳ȥҪȺӣɻԺͬȥƽա
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ЦЦţЦỨˡ
ÿŴŵЦݣкȻЩݡ
ǻȨѹײˣοΪѱ˴ˣЯֹβıԿ¸ı䲻ˣҲܸıԼĿǰĴ
ܶʱˣ޴ѡ񣬵ȴԡ
ϧϧ񣬷Էθ˵϶֪ϧϧлл㡣
ȱлңһ»Ҫר㡣
˵޷
Էӭ£Ҳ¶棬Ϊһò֮£Ҿʵڲʺ¶ϧϧ괺ԷãϤ괺ԷˣΪճΪʲ
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-
괺Էý֮󣬻Ȼһ£ǻڹ˵괺ԷĹǸһƵģҽ棬½½ؿʼȥˡ
һˣҲˡ
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괺ԷͥУµȵ潼˶ҪŶԤԼŵһ
÷ŻϾҪʳˡ
ûǴٹãӾҪʼ׸ķ븮ףȢŮΪҡ
ǰȢ˷ûٵþ
븮иֳƷˣ˳ơھβȴʡ¹ǸɹԱרִʲگ
ǰ֮˳ǻֵܿǹû
ԣҪֹ޸ӣӶնϷ
ÿŸνӽʱû뵽ˡ
ʳ٣﹬磬ʥںԪ躮ʳ磬ֻ˶йԱ硣
϶⸷ԺǸعԱʥʱסĵط㲻Ϲáʹั֪ȹԱǸؽڶʹʷб٣ɸݳֱģԲڶйԱɾ絥
磬Ȼٲø硣
ⲻ׸Ĺ뺺ܿ´ﵽ
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ÿž׸Ĺ˼˰ΣӳµʦɵУ
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ʦƽһʦټ߳ףΪ࣬˴ЩʿǵżΪ֮
븮֮ŮǡǸϲٵġ
Ҫǣ֪һΪ֪ܡ
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ֻ֪ʦƽһʦȴ֪괺Է֮ʦô˵ҲЩʦͽꡣ
ʶ˵ʦһʹ׸ĺʳʱʦδܾ
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׸磬ĪȻҪá
ôˣһ׸ԺԼ˸ǣһͷͼĪ߲ˡ
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괺Է֪Яǰ硣ô˶ľ˸
븮϶֪Ȼˣôɴ
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˭֪档
϶֪ظūѲ¶ˣֻЭ硣ǽӹ괺Էĺôɿƿأ˵ʹ磬ɶ֪ӣ֪ϯźֻںЭټɡ
븮Ȼ괺Է¶ұǰλǹ磬ҲǿѵҪ϶֪ɴ̧̧֣ʾԿʼˡ
ʳźֻƲ˵ȡ
Ƿ׷ϯ졣
޸ź򣬵ֳܲ㿴ңҿ㣬ĬȻ
ԣŮ磬˿಻١
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һðЦˡ
ƹѲü⣬ٹã͸ýˣһ˳ȥɢɢֻϧϧ򳡡
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꣬żɽнŲó˳
ԭ϶֪ºҡ
һ۹ٷķ׳ӴӼɽ˳/Цָָá
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Ȼ֪Щ֮Ӧ磬ֻ磬޵ģοһ֪ҪĴԭûǧٽ²
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̿ҲԣȰɴˣñģûз䴫ǰ㡭һѬľãޱȡ
ԭΪȡЦġ
ʱŭ÷ȭգСˡѴ
ƾͻһðͷü۵һ¼潼ˣȻΥٽңͽң
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úԼʱ˿̵ݣʣ߲ãҧ˫ȭ߬ģصһ
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ҧ۾ȴŶӵ¡
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ۣȴֱ۱šڰУ۵ֱŤ¶ײܻʹࡣ
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лҪ˵ĳӢ۾


24  Χ

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ףôǰչˣԭ׼ӣھȻòˡ
ʵҲã¶ҪԶһ㣬Լá
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ԭ׼֮ģۼĶӼʱĻ̲סһȻðŴݾߵķճ
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25   Ϲ

͵ضס˾ãŻͷԼ价ŵֻϸźƵۡ
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ǰϧϧһǰôӵģ˭֪չӣһѺտտذϢظϡ
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26  Ϸ

ԭҪϳϧϧһˡ
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ǰԥѡߡ
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ɾúݵİ˵һշްնū˵һղôתۼͷء㻹˵Ҫūһԭƭūҵġ
״˴һۣȻ׷͵͵¡
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ǿԹתұĽΧ۵İշ׷ָ˽
µѾ˼ޣһۣһ˽ͻ˵۾
ͻ˸Ͻ۾
ץסʱȺޣҵÿడ
ʯ䣬һ缱ӡ

ܿ촫һƺߣͷһᣬһ޴ءأ
ֱѸϱݣָһɫվڳͷӸµظżͷмͻˡ
ͻм˿˲ڵϣҧгݵָã㣡թ
ЦоСթ֪û˵
ͻƫͷһڴѪĭõ޲ýˡ
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һӵϣͻ˸ˡ
ʣµĽ·Χ۵İա
´ǰͣϳͷԣȻһԾһסϸ֫ڵķĿض۾ǻطʣһշްն


27  

Ϣ̫ԣһߺһСЦȨ֮ƣȨ֮ơ
ЦЦؼһղ

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ǳ˳飬ȻְʯͷԼŵΣºαؽأūֻ䴩ľū塣
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ԷſʱͲ³ҪˡʱδȥǲӦ֪Ĵڲǡ
ֻſںߵԭ¾Ȼ֪Լж׹䶼ڴֻҪһ֣κСֵ˵ǽµķṦΰҵ˻ӣ˵ū벻֪С
°Űɵسʣ֪һ󣿡ҪʲôѾµƵġ
Цһ£ū֪ūֻǶһѶѡ
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ҧҧɿ֣ȻתȥһԾصϣͷҲصֲ뿪ˡ

ÿһһԶȥıӰⱲǸ֧İɣϲˡ
ʱڳϧϧ´뿪ˣæӳ˳סãӣû°ɡ
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á
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ߺʣԺ
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й죬һͲͨͻˣû֤֤ϸҲֻ͵ˡ

ȥ׸Ǹݿв鵽
ͻһֱȥ˾׸½ȥõ鵢һʧ˴˵١
˰ۻ˽ȥиͻ˷ڸһ˵أִû˵͸ɢˡ
鵽ˡߺսӵݸ£˽Ժ¤ҵʹˣעɫ
򿪿һۣˣ¤ҵμϣСξ꣬˾ټ˰ĻţתΪξһ󣬳϶Ժ¤ҵʹ
ºעɫӸߺա
ȱ⼸˰м˵Ķ򡣡

-
괺Է
ӣλָҪ
ڷ﷭һʱ괺Է˲ᣬԴӹ괺Է󣬱ǰ¥ᵽԺһ徻ˡ
ӳüƹ괺Է潼֮ȴԾԼ̿ͣ˹Ľģ̧ͷ˵Ҳ̿͡
˵ˣ˵ʶ
ӳ»δ˵źһˣЦݵĺ϶֪ҡ
лҪ˵Ϊдеɥsnt


28  ħ

ʱ˵ķϸϲһװ磬ͷϴһ͸ñ΢΢°ͣ¶һذƤЦ
öһƣ˲Ƿ˭
ӣȻ 
ίʵû뵽Ȼ괺Էתһ괺Է˶ӣֱӵ˷֣æӳµûˣȳȥæģŴϡ
ӳš
ʣôˣ
ЦӯӯҸմʦ㣬˳㡣
ϾЩ͵ضסʣ˵մʦ
ףӦˡ
û뵽չеĻҪ죬ŷ˫ٵˮȻǴĴˡ
ùû˭
֪Ůңûݣ˵ֻգ
ЦŵǹϲˣԸ
ⶼ㡣Цõ˫ֵͷһؼ;һʣԺҿԾ𣿡
ôؿŷ˫֣ɡһ潼ˣ棬²װɡ
Скβף潼Ҳˣûиߵֻ֣֮кϲϵ֣֮ЩװǻƵĴҹ̹ʻˣϲͬ˽
ԣһʱζӳµģоһ˿θС
ǿЦ֪ˣһҹ̤괺ԷĴţ괺ԷվҪŴˡ
ŽģҰҮæúܣҰͬЩǴǷǣܵңҶ͵͵ģû˷֡
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ⳤһ֪ͷʱǵһЩĽǰŷҪһݡ
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ԭΪϴξ׸һ£ȻһһĪһһӡ
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ˣǲ⣬̫ܵԽ̵ʮأ̫ӵļ߰ķǣϹǾͲˣüʵ÷ʿħ֮ǰἰμ㣿
õڸǰĺսЩδἰμūǡ˵ūЩ졣
ӵͷǱħ֮ˣһ÷ʿ߷úúץסᣬ㡣

ζؿһۣϵþ׸븮ĵŮģ
Ŀڿһ
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ʲôæ
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ˣϲŭ䣬ĬΡ
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κӵһ֪úҽȥףӭȢҵŮȻҵŮһʣպѰ㣬ǰ˵ЩûýңһҲ˳һЩ
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-
һƬããХѩ׷ɣǧǱ⡣ 
µײײѩţûз򣬲֪ԼںδҲ֪Լ˶ã֪ԼҪȥΨһ·ǰ
ԶɽԣҰľΨ⺮ǡ
ëѩĺڷܳĽëžӨѩӲ԰׵ʤããѩҰ
ţ۵ϥѩѩҲһţɪɪţ𽥻ɢ
䣬䡭
䵽Ѿ޷˼ԼΪλѩ
ԼҪʱǰһŰ׹⣬Ӱ׹߳һˣһźɫȹŮˡ
Ů˳˫ţ𪾫µĽϵŽɫСÿһ죬һһʶ
Уһ˫Сɵ̤ѩһһֱͣǰ
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κǰãֻ绨殣֮
ͷһͽѹѩ
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ס׼ӣԵ棺СҵģȻˣǾ뿪ԺҲ뿪ˡ

ǱʪȸиѵģƿһʱʹסǣֱԼĳ嶯
лҪ˵Ǹ𾴵MMҰɣɶûʾɶû߰ѾNˣС

һԲ

Ԥġȫڰ׷ޡ
Ůƪ
һΣμɱ˽ӽﵱʵۣȢ˵ŮΪûãɾּҲӽ˹
Ȼһȴʺ󣬱乬Ѳ 
ţײһ±ɽˡ
Ťͷʹ߼˵ס
ֻ˵˵ţͻȻˣ϶ְǾټǨس˵ʲôϸŻȥɲξ乬
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ƪ
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-
Զգ񣬸߰ɣһŮӡ
񣺡壬ǡ
Զգ
Ϊ˲ʺҼװ롷һ־ܾʵķ

29

򴽳Ĭ, 
ŽʵкηԸ
ȥˮҪԡ

ת, ºš
Ҫˮ
ů, ҹ, ˮԡӾͲ˲
֪˲ϲǶ, Ҳûʣֻȥˮˡ
, ڱԡͰա
ħ֮
, ಻, ɫ, ϢƵ˸ѿ, ػԿء
ǰ, һֱΪ, עҪá
, ֪ÿһڴ߶ħ֮ԻֶΡ
ӣôȲҪð嵽ߣ
۾, õĽڶ, ϵÿһսڸζʳ֪ѽ䡣
Ȼѽ䡭
ǾͲˣ
ͻȻͨ, ôţòҪ
Ǿ
ҪҪȥ
ǰˣת
ܵҲǸһ±ˣתζɡ
Ѹٸ£öǣҹţֱƽȥ
һ˷ãѲֵѲֽʹʿѲߡ
Ǽһҹεߺˣͣ£

ͣҽʹǰ
ǽʹϸƣҹɫܾ֮ЩϤ֮ǰơ
һ򣬶ʱźڳԴεĿ
ҽʹºŵЩϹ
ԭ¡ȫһּ²μ¡
ض񡣡
ʵ£Ҫȥδҽʹڽã𳤰ֵѲְ֮ϷȻ˳ڶһ䡣
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ø߷ڴӲȾµ£Ȼҹֻǻ֮أײ˸š

ҹʱ֣Ѿ˯ΨƽһʵƸ߹ңƽЦ಻
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£ýµӣһһڼϣͷʼڭӡ
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þڻת˿Ѿѵþʣµȹ˫̻¶棬御Թ֣æתϵĹӳºҵסؿڣôˣ
¼һؿּסǰĿ΢΢һС
ô϶֪˱񶼲ˣ
Ҳ˵еݵĹү¥Ѱ潼Ǽ˶вǹء
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һ
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˵һעģʲôа
ĺһᣬ˼λ룬Сĵ̽ԭ´ǰ˵ūΪμū
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лҪ˵ˡ4λûǡ
Ѿˮ˰ʶûҿء


30

», ʮ㣬õǵСѹϣԳͷ, Ͼؿ÷
ιô﷭һӵݸ
´һ, ʲô
ⶫϴǸЮūͻūϵ, Ȼ׷ⶫԵ»Щô
, ɫӹӷ
ʱ, ü΢壬ԽüͷԽ, , ɫΪ֮, Ȼȥ
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ãȻⶫҪūҲ֪ʲô˼, ֻ֪ͻ, ڵưãҵǽⶫӦ²ǡ
ͻȻЦ, , õ°ͣ촽һڡ
ã̹ϣǼ̹, Ȼⶫңڰҡ
ͳһ㣬¾ýҹеľһ˲䣬õͻ
һҹǰľȫڲࡣ
̫ۣһ˯رԺ֮䣬ε˳˺ܾõĹ
鷿
¹ϯǰССǺһһд֡
һдһţۡ
¸±ʣֽϿ̫̩Ӷţ˷ܵغ֣֣дˡ
̩ᣬ΢Цųµֿ
ֽƵ˹ȥ
̩ӹֽ߿ߵͷ۵дԽԽˡ
һ˵ǰ̵ֽĺá
̩µͷЦҲΪǵķ۴
Цˡ
̩·ţָֽϵ֣ʣ㣬֪ΪҪȡۡС֣
룬𣺡˵ˮܸۡ°վˮۣ͢ϣص˾ӣ氢ַó͢Ҵۡ
֣ܷ߰ó͢Ҵۣ
Դ̫ȷ˵Զȳ١
ֻ̩ǲ¿ִ࣬Ϊƽۣ˷˶С
صͷˣһ쳤󣬰ﰢ˳⣬ƽ¡
һתڶ޵
޵ڵĵսսع̡
ž
̩ŭؽǰứѵУȻ¶欵Ů
˭¿Щ飿
ŵöɸȴ˭Ҳҿ
һԵʹͷСֽ߬½ǡ
ãǼȻϽ̩һȵˣϳÿʮ
£ͷģҵõذֱ졣
²ģ׳ŵӵ֣ЩԼҪģǷ۵Ĵǵ¡
̩ŭ㾹Ȼѧ԰˵ˣЩӶоϲеķ飬մͷЩģЩ˶͵͵ش˽ģοü
Щź̰ӣϥе̩ߣͷקסһϿҵϴ֣۴ˡ
Ķ
˰ֵĿĽ̵ÿЩ飬飬𷣡
̩Żһ̬ȣĳʱ̵㣬Ӷ۰ҡҪʱ̾ѲǣЩ㿴鼴ʹǰҲӦ޶òŶԡϣˣһķʥʹϣҪЩ鳡ۣ飬ɶ
¹ԹԵͷ۶ˡ
Ӱһ䣬ʢĴ룬޷硣
̨ϴ£̲ס̩֣Ѿһʱˣ㿴ͷô󣬲Ϣһ£ȿˮ
̩еµȦϣһ濴һƷĻͷҲ̧¶Ҫѧ֮Ժ㷽ܶ͵־ʱղǿ塣
ǿȻɳδ̫ЩµѾʼֹסضʮĽ
˷̩²걣ڴ̧۳һۣ͵ȥɣ
һңֻδܣѡ
̩ҲǷ£ܴ֮ܣҶƤ
ǳ˳飬Ҳ˵ˡ
̼䣬۵Ͽ˳
¶̨ҡͷ̾һ
ÿ׼ײ
ˣƻؽһߣһʣôˣ
ǰסµ־Ҫקߣִȥ档
ҲȥһйҪ˦ߵĸ߼ϣʹ˽
˸ۣ񣬹վ֪㿴Ӽֱһģһ
ἰ̩ɫʱȥ
ʶԼ˵ˣ죬ЦҲ˵ֲá̾һҵ˼ǣѾȥˣҲˣҲûڳֵıӻ£ҪѧȥԼ
µڻúܺá
ʲôѽ㶼ʮˣŮ˵Сֶû׵һԿյС
ʲôãĹš
֪ĻΪ׼أܣ˰žΪģľʶδ˵Կ࣬Ҳô·ǿ໹ɣ
²ΪȤ
εҡҡͷˣҲȰˣȥط
ȥĶ
ƽ괺Է
ü¥
ͳһ۵ֽݸ㿴ʲô
չһдţƽŰ׻ھ֮ճ괺Է
ʱɫ˭ģ
ʼ磬Ҳ֪˭·ϣ˽üҵĳϡ
𣬻һתĿƺֽ̣ԣ˱ǣ
¥˿ƣȻ衣
ȹϯ棬ܣϱһ񾭵ģһ˿̨ϣ϶֪Ѿöÿ
һ˫ĿӥƵĹ۲¥κοɵһڴ𣺡Ϊ˲鰸ͷµġ
ȣɫʲôã޷͸
ѾСʱˣûзκο֮ˣ˽ŴôﲻԾȴ˵ֱ˵ز˾ͣˡ
G㿴ͻȻסӣָ¥¸ոսȥɴã˫Ǿ֮ɫ̾δŮ·
˳ȥ̨ʶͫȻһ

תӣǡֵƫĿʱµ˲䱻۹Ӳסһ㣬˺üġ
״һԴȤܣôûɡ
µ֣Ҽ
в죬
ץסֽ˽϶
ˣһЦˣҿǱɫۣþ˰ɡ
þ
һΣҲǻþǴδζ
ѰǧٴΣΪⱲӶܼˣȻˣܲȡ
¥ĿǿʼྺۣĳҹֻĻôߵǰֻ֪ʱ˿̣ץס˵
֣Ҫõ
ŵüҪ϶֪ĳҹ


31

صͷҪ, ʲҲҪõѾˣȾָ
һصƿµο, µļ磬ЦС㿪ˣ
˵, üͷ, ôĵֻ϶֪Ȱ㻹ˣ㿴˷ƵĿԪ϶֪һ֪ĳҹ, ûǧ²˵һǧ˵ʲô̫ѵ£Ҫǵݰɡ
¥µľѾ˰ǧ, 迴ŴҷƵ̧ۣϲúϲ£ˡ
ҳһǧͻȻ, ˶, һ, ƽ𣡡
ܣˣһԵһ, Ŀɿڴ, æס, Сѵ, Ҫø֪СԲ˶ߡ
ַģҴûӦûʶ˭
˭֪, ¥µ̵ظߺ³һǧ𡣡
һ, ¥ˢˢؿ˹
˲ľż
κײײµĸ첲ô£㲻˵ûʶ𣿡

Ҳһͷˮ괺Է, ϵ˭
һǧ𵽴ңۺ󣬾þûٸ״æ۸ߵãϲ£϶֪ˡ
»ع˿ضЦ
˫Цﵹӳ/۵
ɴ½ӵãʱʱصͷһ𪱥Ķͷ
ãԺͽ泶ɺã
øţת泶֮á
泶ǰ
泶δ£ºγʣ
û
עעȻˣҪú۰С
û£˯ɡ
۾°͵ͷ˯ȥ
۾һͼһ裬žһ£ŵ˫ϥ֮ǰ
㿴Щʲô
¼һɫ˲ˡ
һɴԲ쳣ĻʵָܻЩЩȫǵһ¥һǧ˵裬㻹ʲôҪ˵
½ס裬ףҹŷ飬Ϊôʹ˸ʵĶЩԹǾԼƵģһ
εȷڳ嶯Ƿǣֱ¶ݣԹٴ˸ţ޻˵ͷ̹Ȼϴȷд£𷣡
㣬Ե㰢ֶĽ̵𣿡

򴽲˵ˣȻʱ̵ҪĹҲһġ
Դɫ/֮ʳζ֪裬Ҳ̨徲԰ֵĽ̵ڡ
֪
֪Ҫƿã
㶷ʣӡϲ
ʥ˷˼طʣǸ潼ˣ
Ĭˡ
ŭ䲻㾹Ȼϲһ潼ˣ޼ֱ̫ʧˣ
ʹøʧҲˣ˶ʮ꣬δһĶֻ벻ϧһд۽ߡûüȥͱϸڸһ£˼
´δѰۼһʱ޽ͻȻһˡ
괺ԷһŮ֮غ£ҼӱŽӿͣӣ˵ڵ£ҪΪū͸µ⡣
˵ţݸһ۵ŵĽ
´һһƳ־ŮˣܲжĵһȣԼĸֵá 
ȥת泶ģһᾡ
Ŵһǧȥ괺Էҵ衣
裬һǧһ£Ҫ泶
迴Ľﾫһ¶Ϊѵ⡭
ɫһ䣬ôѲ𣿡
æ˦ЦңңȻҪ泶ӡȯΪ֤ͽ泶ɵ¡
ᱧصΪôӴԺ󳹵ˣ˭֪һ£粨
巵ʵһѽԼϣðɵ˶޿ǷħˣȻ޴ıǧ潼˰
¹ڱĽשϣʣϲ泶ߣ󸸻ʳȫ
ʵ۷˼潼ˣ㾹ȻҪһ潼ߣ
Ѿ泶伮ˡ
ʵŭ˶ֱ㰢׽̵صľӣ㿴㣬񾹱һ¼ŮԵתãðʺ˵ܿΣ޿̩֮һ硣
ӴδԽ֡´ͷֶ˵һɽֹĴڣԶԽȥ
ʵЦǣǾúõعȥӹˣӽԺ󣬰һְ²óУ̽Ǹ潼ͳȥ
ʣ
һ̧ͷ㿴ʵգۼ̫Ӱֵ
֣
̩ȰۣѵûǴŮεغ㣬ģԵ£ϴǽ㣬Ǹְ´ʲôǰѾ³ˣϽͷǰɡ
˲̨غϣӵվεؿ̩֣ģػһҾصǰޣλҲҪҲҪ
𣿡
̩ʼЦЦЦֱӡ
¶ʱһӵһ㣡
һЦǾƣѡ㣬ң
¿ЦŤҲƲסĵǹɺ⣬̧һסĲӡ
׼Ц
¡ǣҡ
ǰӵʼģҡҡͷϸʱǰֵõһֱϸĲ
Ȼľٶŵûʧɫ˫ûԲܵСľš
»æջ֣סͻͻֱ̫ѨģǻƵģ˼ȻС
Ųһһҿš
κû˹̧ͷһֻۣɫ԰׵رͷ·ûлعƵģС̽ʣ¿جˣ
جΣ
ɲج
˼Щңͷûлش
ü״ֽĎڴͷͭʪšɣ۵ãʼ¶ͷϵĺһǲСҹͻȻһֱ˵λū
ûü˵꣬͵رһʪȵĴĴһʶˡ
ƺ֪ķӦƵģ˫ֽס׼֣ϵԲްֳɣԵ˿ıݣԹԵ֮ϯСࡣ
һжõĺֻñȻӦ
Ѿʱ촽Ȼһʹ
˻
æƿ£һ촽һѪ
㣿
¶ؿĿް˿
Ĵָ˲ԼմȾѪһۣ͵һ£飬ֹޡ
ֱë
𣿡ЦЦʡ


32

ϻ, ҧһԿ
´ѪѪؿУ̵ζ, ɼҧĻᡣ
Щŭ, ˭֪һҲ֪·ʲô, ףŻʹҧһڡ
, ˵û´ҧԼһڿҧƤǲۡ
ºЦˡ
جι, ԰ףδ, Եճ, 㲵Ĳ, µһ⣬Ȼһ־Ķǵ첡̬
üֱĪ, Ҫȥ侲һ, ر߬ס, ٴصǰ
ߡ
̧һĦ, ֮ɫҲԣҧġ˵, , ٴ
£ֲˣֻñӭӣ, Ųδ룬Ƕϵ˿շת˼¡
֪Ϊ˿ڵԵʣģ˷µȻ֮˿·Ƶģڽ֫ٺ˲һս
ιɿЦǸĲ
ûɵһĻңæվµȥҩôˡ
¿òֻʶӵıӰЦʮá
ЦЦţ˿ͻȻ˴ǡ
öҩʱѾ𵶵ڴرϣȻڵ
»أôɣ
ʱˣҵȻҪȥӦî
ǵȰҩ˰ɡý̵ϡ
¿һҩû
ˣûҩϰߡ
»֮⣬Ҳ֣㽫̷ڴͷС߼ϡ
ӺɰóһƱݳݸãϽ𣬴ӽԺֻźң׼źˡ
ýӹһһٽķǮȯֻҪƾȯ/κιнٽȡ
й棬˵ͬ𱣬ͣݱϾ괺Էһˡ³ǮҲǺóһʱܽӴˡ
ڶ೤ʱ䣬һҪ潼˵ۣ۸ߵϽԽߡ
иһ֪ͷԭˮǴߵģĳҹ˵ʮȥȻߵȥٽ㹻ܳһʱˡ
Ǵˡ
-
¸һݵţӭĸߺա
ߺмɫ첽ӭ£ҹȥĶˣ˵һҹδ顣
ߺղǽʷĵ£֪ĺѣ󲿷ʱ䶼Ǹģһһǹע
ļѵߣȥʰһˣʰ̫ûȥˡ
ʰһˣ
ߺԺһ˲ιһ֪õôãȻ֪ʲôʣʲôⲻʡ
ֻǣµɫףЩ̬е£ɫ̫á
£ҹ˸ˮ裬СȾЩ纮
ȥ̫ҽ̫ҽߺתͳߡ
鷳ˣһС纮ѡǰȥʲôĿûԹһظգһС纮ʲô
ߺֹ¡
Ѿƽֵӣתϵȡݸߺգ㿴ʲô
ߺֻȽӹӣչɨһۣһƷ֣üʣ񵥣
ѣϸ
ߺյͷϸؿһ飬ϸ֮£ʱȷǡ/
ûǻ
ߺվĵ⣬Ҳ̫Ӵˣ澹ȻдóҲͨķΧ֮ڣⲻͨǵطٿ嵥
²£ⶫ˭ģ
ߺһζӣӦǡǸͻ˵İɡ
ǡ
ߺյһҪʲô
һͻżŴ/˳Ŵ˿Ǽ򵥵Ļó
˵/ģҵ٣һ˿·/ͷͻʡ
ߣҪʲôǾҪȥúԭǴ˭ҪЩ
ߺԣʱľ
˵Ǹͻ׼Ҫ֮ģ󽫻ʲô춯صı
ȥ˴¡
µһͷߺոתȴԳϴҴææ˽ˡ
ߺҲڣֳߺղһף߳ʷ
ߺ㷽˵ʲôˡ
ԳϵǸͻϸˡ
գߺյɫˡ
ˣߺռæ׷ʣö˶˵ģôأ
Ǳ˵ǡãˣһӷ֢ûͦȥ
ü˼Ƭ̺󣬵ߣȥ˴¡
µΡ
¿ͣʬ̨ŵͻʬףɫѿ
ͣʬ̨վŴ䣬ةҽ١
²ʬ׵ͷļ˹Ȼûŧǰ˲ٴĿĵˣô£ѹλݲܴͷλԴ
˵˿ǵйϸдϸʣϸҵˣֻǴҧУ˿ڶ񻯣컯Ūˣҵʵڿ⡣
ۣŴ䲻˵ˡ
һֱκ˶ԴɫʢˣΪ㣬˶ţĿһ
ҽټ״æԻؽ͹ʱ˿Ѿһθȣְľ㱣סǺŶпʣ̷ҲɳܷΧ֮ڣ˭֪ǰէůαټϴˮ֮ͻҹٴηְȫΣɻǻ췦
ųĿ⣬ֳһͣʬ̨ϵʬףתŸߺǾˡ
һΣԸߺգһ´ةǸҽٵעɫ
ߺյǻɴ˶ֽţ
ͻ˺ųƲԭϵӥһֻӥ׾ٵһ֢£˶ֽšνֽšߺպԳ϶֪Ҫ˿ڶ̫ˣ㼸ˮһɳȥ
ߺ룬ʣΪֻɴةҽ٣ɴ䣿ҪֽšĻȨһ
µΪ˸յλãΪӲмҲκεУһֻԼ֮£κ˶ϣϡ
һصݣԸߺոܱߺ˺Ȼɫæ£µ˵ȥ
ӣ
µָûŰϵӣü˼һ¤ҵʹйϵͻˣ϶Ժʹ¤ҵӣ¡Щ˱󵽵ĸϵ
ֹ˻ߺյעɫߺմ򿪿һۣɫһ䣬æעɫµ£㿴
лҪ˵Ķңɾ


33

ùһ
ԭǸةҲ¤ҵμ, ¤ҵ϶ʹ˾ͬһطɵĹˡ
ɴƶϣͻȥʹ, ȥӣͻͻȻڴ, ӦǴة˵ָΪ, ˭ָѾԶˡ
ӣ㾿ʲô, һͻ˴Ż㣬ֲϧɱڣ
ͻȻξ̩, ̶ǰϹἰ̫Ӱֵûô, ֻǵ̫Ӱǰȥͻʵĸһû, ֤֤̫ӰֵǸı
, ĪҲйأ
Ͼ̫Ӱֱ˾ӣ̫Ӱͬĸȫû, ΨӻŻˡ
ϵȭͷ, ۡ
ֵй, ؽѪծѪ
Ŀһת, ӵķƤϣõܽСĿ͵һ
һƺ̫, ǡôȥ׸, ǡͻǱ뾩׸ˣͻ˾ȻöõҪͻ˵ĿʱƺҲɱͻˡ
ѵ, һҲв룿
ã⽫ⱾӽҾǺ⣿
-
գغҵϷ˴٣˹뺵Ҫ϶֪һѾ裬ýӵǰȥգʱб
ͣºúӳ³̧ͷһǰ괺ԷһľµլԺ
òؿĪߡ
ĪߵҪ㡣
΢΢һɫ·ɡ
լӣĪߺܿһ˽ܼⶥʯͤ⣬ͤڳ룬ֻһʯ̵ƵӣغҶ䡣
ͤͶιʳ
ĪߺӳԾһͷȥز񣺡¡
Ī˵Ϲˡ²ع۲ˮеʳ
õȷʵҪūĳҹ
ӽʳӽƣתһõֱۣĺܺá
ù˳
ʣͬظ飿
ޣֻǻٽūūһڲ׼ӿ͡
üȻ㣬ɼѾ˲˼ٽһҪ

صʯϣۼֿʯϵĲһϣӽӹ걣ĵʵ˵ϴȥ׸ȥ;УһͻЮֹ
ȷд¡
Ӷ͵һߴһڵǸͻڳϿж˵ʲô
ԣˮâһӡ
ͻ˵ķӦӣϴ˷ӹĵˣӸͻ֮ƺЩ
ʱذָūū㿪ڣͻ˵ƺͦ/ˣһɱūǽ֣ūͻˡ
˺üĽš²걣Ǹͻ˼Ȼ㳵ϣʲô
õԺһ˲仮ǱӣȴֹһãȻطʣʲô
ûʲôǲ֪£ֹסͷһתʱ򣬿ɶἰǸͻ˵飿
δҡͷ˶٣С̽£ʶͻˣ
âݺݵһۣͳʵͱ죡
æͷ֣ū֪
Ȼȴﰵ⣺ͻ˹ȻйأĶӦþǱӣû´ĻǸͻӦǱ׼ȥӡ
һͻ·ô׵üӣͻһ˾׸ĺʳУӦΪĳܹӴǣߵˣȻ뿪ʱŷԼ˸ˣԲŻضϡ
ͻ˵ġ/ϲսթԲ³ͻӦǸǣ̸ˣȻͱˡ
ӼȻûмǱӣɼǱӶȻҪҺѾĵؽˡ
ҹ㣿ӺȻʵ
õԴϴ괺ԷҲûū
üýȥ븮ףǷƺ̫Ը޸ң´μ̽̽Ŀڷ羿Ǻιʣ

ص괺Էϧϧӭ˹ӻˡ
ƫͷĪһۡ
ĪԾˡ
£
ϧϧСӣ˵ʶӵģע⣬Ƕȥӵķˡ
Сӡ
úܿ뵽˭ϧϧһͷˡ
ǰöסŲӳ£ţ׼κ˿Īߡ

ݺ󣬹ǷͬŮϵš
æϲ϶֪ڻˡ
ţǰЦˡϸϸһֻȦ΢죬Ȼǿ޹ˣ֣е˵أۿǺˣ
ʱӣԸҼˡ
ɫ΢΢һ֪˾ӡ
ŷص£ϧϧźĺܺãһӦʳȫĲˮһ
ʲôĵģд󵱻飬Ů󵱼ޣѵ֮ʣ̸ۼʱԷӵļ֮Ҳίġ
ָȷʵɡ֮ˡ
ô
ҮϣͬŻ¡
÷²Թһý֮ԣĸ֮Ȼͬ⣬ֻΥֲá
ˣһԣѾˣݵˡ
ü²˵˿ǡʦ
Ůæ䣬ѵӣ԰
ŤͷСֻ϶֪ҽұҪ˵ġͷĿᶨؿãɡ
ɡ
˹Ȼˡ
ʣ֮Ǻˣ
ӡ
ӣ

ü֪Щʲôæʣ϶֪ôˣ
ǳЦ£ҶµжţǻӣݹأҲŶʮ߰ˣӵġ
֪ݹأȻҮҲἱͬŻ£ƣҮ¶ˡ
ùеˣ»ڱصá
һ¶Эζ϶֪ʶ㣬֪¡ΪΣ
ֹЩҲ֪
һõֽţһֱ㵱ã㾡ͬҽˡ
ã
ļ˲סӵָ΢΢һ¡
գһΪΣҲֻ˵֮޵һЩ顣
Ǹѹʵ֮ŮΪŮķһ
ʥأͷȢ֮ŮΪޣ֮ʥ˷磬⵽ʥ䣬ƫԶһССݴʷûȥˡö˶٣ָ֮ʼصģǰûһҲȥˡ
е˼
ȢȢĶӱ꿴ȨȨûˣȻܼռλˣԿճλþΪ˸ʵŵģǸ˾
ֻһ񺮣֮ˣ˹ȥԺкӹ
ŷɫĵѾԴʮþˡ
ǰͬʦ˽ʱʦӷֺ̲һ£Ψһľ뷨ȫʦ÷صͬʦһ
ӣýõĻҲȰ䣬мǣǧ򲻿ԼЦ治޸ֻв
һץסûİʾ׷ʣвǻʲôв


34

óĬƬ, ֻó̾Ƿͬһ𣬿ֻίˡ
ֻҪʦȾݺ͵λ, ǸһĲŮΪ޵ģ븮Ϊ˱ȫ, ֻѡҴҽŮ޸ʦ
֮ǰϷʦ, Ϊ˸Ļ嶤֮ǰһ, ҲỨ̫˼ԸʦϾֻ˸ý, ¶δ׶£档
ˮȻһ, һл񣺡϶֪, û
ҲûʲôҲ, ǿһԱݵСȻԷֹغ, ӡ
õ, ͷһμҾ;ǸȵĹŵȳ, ҹȻûпˡ
ŵȳ
֪һж, Ͳôˡ
ЦЦұǲĻ, ӽ, ͻҷ㣬һÿɺã
ú΢΢һͣ߸ϵķȻԸͬһ潼á
ãȻ֮á
֪Ҫ˵÷, ֮²κ֪ҲͬκἰСҵĸŮ׸ߣǾҵġ
һþͷˡ
ˣȻޥģͨ͸Լоģͬѡ
-
Ǽ֮ĩˣѵԺĴ˿ľȻš
ùź󣬱ڴߣŴķ׷ףһԼĪ⼸죬Ǳ߾ͻᴫϢ
ҵֱ֧նϺһ͸ֵ¥ˡ
ţϧϧˣֵӣ
΢΢ʣأ
䣬첽߽һ¶ֵ̺Сӣü˳۵ڵķ򹧾ּ񣬡֪Ӱ
ôһСӣĺܣüǣ
īСµļͯī񣬽շҼ֪֮͹뺡
뺡
/оڽ̷˾ּ䲻̷˾ܣȴҪʹ硣
ҲǵƷڵڹ١1ۼ绹ǹ磬ֻҪԹԱйǽ̷˹ʣͬ¹뺺뺣׼ùĳ𣬷ƽǡ
һٸ˹飬潼ֻķݶûоܾȨ
ҿ
īȡϣϧϧǰ˹뺵ݸá
ԭǸǱһѡ2ˣϽڶʹñ֮ʥ˽һʵѣʥĴã˲ٻӺԺյĹԱǡ
ֲ֣Ūһʫ磬˶в˲ǰȥ
ĳôٵƽĽǶǣָա
˹뺣ǹ뺣Իȥ硣
ôīиˡ
ӳ£͡
ӳæīǰ·ɾ롣
īȥ˺÷ԸϧϧհμĽȥ

ôĹ뺷˴
õֵܣǰֻ£⣬ڶ֮Уܱ
ָܾյصȥ磬ƺġ
-
һ磬괺Էĳηͷ⣬ֱܼӽҺһЪõСԺ
֮ǰòȥĶĪ߶ǸţĪ߾δš
룬ʶĪߣҲ֪ĪӵˣӰɡ
һ½½ؽݣԻ£ȴŹܼٻ硣
ýҪ裬⻻һɫˮ£ŷ٣β䣬ɴ
ȻɣüĿ续ͣķ飬̱ðԽ˼ֻһɴ֮ľ
һʱܼˣúһȻ϶֪Ҽ˵ˣӦ뺶յģǾͲܼˣ϶֪ɴСΪѡ
ü΢΢һ
Ը¶ʱѾϰʾڣͻȻҪɴһʱЩʡҪģý¶һΪǰ÷зҥ
ô󷽷ؽɴ
ܼ̲ס̧ۿȥһʱͣˣҲֱˡ
ӳһصؿһŻ˹ܼҵĻ
ܼҶپʧ̬Ȼתǰ·롣
վڹսǴؿŹܼһȥ˷԰
һԵ治ǳһ֪û뵽϶֪СָǣҲ֪ĸȻŻʮͰ϶֪ĳҹ̣ȥŭԹŭԹ
ĳһתбôѵ϶֪ƽ
һģߵǣҼǻһĹͷ˱
̫Ѩͻͻֱȭһ
״æеʣôˣﲻ
ܲĳ˵Ĺͷ
̧סǣѹſҪŭʵ˿
˵ǸӡѽҾˣҽѰʫͰɣʫ統ȻҪЩĴǣȴǸʲôԺʹˣǵʫǵ̨涼ϲˣⲻβ
ⳤڸĿ࣬ʲôʫ硢硢硢硢ȵȣ˽ʢĵ֯ġβ硯˲ȫ±ʫ飬鲢ïѧʿ
˻壬ݺͲǼԹԸؾ;ʲôʫģʶİ±˻ʫչ¶âӶ
ö֮⡮β硯ѧ֮ʿŶȥ磬ҲԽޣûʵѧĺķۡ
Ժ¤ҵʹ˵ǴӸģȷʵʵʵĽʿֻǼǡĸʣòȥɥ꣬һعٳﻹǵ˻һѡ˷˺üĹŲòλá
Ϊ٣ȷʵŪѧ֮ˣֻϧЩ֪֮ȡ˸ºšӡʫϲ̨֮⡣
Ϊɣٰʫᣬ˷¹Ϊ֮̽Ƿʶ
ʶȻУͻ˵ӿӵıʲôţ˲ʶûδУͻ˵ӴײҲʹɺϡ
Щͷֻ㣬ûУ
£Ź֣۰ô˲ƵģǰɲôġŭɫҲ࡭
תĵӣ˵ˡ
Ҳ֮˱ѣȻһؾΪλˡ
ظε͵ˣҲ㰢˭ֻҪ㽻飬׼׵ġ
Ťͷˡ
ڷ԰ڣʳͰڴӳȺΧƵĴ¶̨֮ϣ¶̨ǽҶ̵ĺɻء
ϯʱʮʳѾˣɨһۣ˶׵ϯɫŻ[۵϶˶١
˹Ȼˡ
Ťͷϯϵһͷ
⣬˵˼ٶʫῪʼˡ
ƷһѣȻԴף׼õıֽԡѡΪ⣬ʫףɼͯɲǻѡǰʮѣѡǰѡ
һѡ˿
ʱˮƮƮ輧ǳʺŵĶΣʼ볡˱ǡ
ֻӰɺһ𼦶Ȼͣɫȹգ绨ƣˮ׳󣬶ʱ¶һݵܽ档
ʱһ
̲ס
ôϺЦ۲ת䣬ǵģ˻ʱ˵殡
۵
˭
˵¹괺ԷǰʣĪǡһ֪϶֪
˵ĿǸŪ֮ձȫȡЦĳ˹ֶ֪

ʹʿˮĿɿڴĽг˹֣ҵȷջϡ
˸̾ɼԲţۼΪʵ
žƣۿ̨Ȼãֻؿڶµ÷ơ
ǰòΣֻΪһ˶ͣȴҪ˷һζȻ
ͻȻ´˼Ʋˡ
ϣһ
Ǳõɫ˾޵˵ߺһãŻȻˡ
һ֪Ȼ鴫ˣ϶֪Ͼƣһơ߾پƱ
мͯǰ
ÿһԧִĬһ˲󣬴ִһУԶԶһɡ
״ƹЦ϶֪þ
òūѱϣиˡ
G϶֪֪ĸλѶĽѾãòˣܲЩǾƾأ
վǰѲֻšִףһתö˫ĵӣϵɫͲдšֻҳǽҶúʰ㡱ˡ
΢΢һŸһϳʱͿˡ
ЩΪλ
תһ룬ǺֵܣҲǳĲӣμʫᵹҲǺ
Ҳ˵¹¶Ȼ֪ġ
Ȼ֪ȴһ
Ǽ˼
лҪ˵1ƷڵĹٽͳ⣬Ʒ޹ٽ׵ĹΪ١
2֦

35

ʲô˼, ˣȻҪֵġ
šִϸһŤתȥ, £ŷֵĲ, ϯʳԹ, ϸԼ˾ƣЦӯӯϣү, ūҾһ
˲ˣΡΡؾԼľͬһͬˡ
µڵĸƵġ
ڶϯ, ѶÿˣԼ˾, ү, ūҾ
˾ɵɵ˵, Ҳֻһɵá
ü״, һЦ, ¾Ʊ, ִһ, ϣǧֺү롭
ͫȻŴɵɵſ, ʱΧһЦ͵ػת˹, һźһˡ
Цšִ˵ϯǰ¡
ۣ۲ˡ
ֻһ˫ɫе۾ֵõţǵĹӶľȥˡ
ԼӯӯһЦү, ūҾ
˺Ȼ϶֪и֮룬϶֪ܹӦ
ԣཻһˡ
˺΢΢üǲ֮룬ʲô£ɫطʣʹүǺ£
ǾƣΪ϶֪ĳ⣬֪϶֪ܷͬơ¥ŮʱʱԽΪϷȻĿŵڵϷá
Ȼһ㶣Ϊ˻ôĳְϢ˭֪ơ
дܺȵģ
ضˣֻҪⱭƸҺȣһ첲
ڣá
ԸоâڱᴽһЦüʣүǴū𣿡
ס˻
õūиأūūҲԸͬ⽻ƣүȻҪͬūƣҪū
˵ɫ˲䲻ÿˣԭֻ뵱ڵϷһãһԼģ˭֪÷˽ȥ
⽻ƺҲǣҲǡ
˾Ҫһ֪ǿǧĴڣǳԱųŲŻҵȥ潼˻ȥ棻ȵĻǵ˵涪档
ǵϷɣʯͷԼĽš
Цķ¾Ʊ¼зޣ²УһȵǿԵġ˵ţ־Ҫþž׵衣
ɫ΢䣬ҪźۼرܿȻһ죬Ǿطʳϵ˹϶֪ľûˣ汾ƣ
Ȼһ
ҽ㿴ңҿġ
ĶţƷԸ߽࣬ӲմǷ֮£մһذɫĹۣһɷ֮ضزס֮˾ȻͻȻ󶯸λ
Ҳû뵽»ͻȻּñȴһģպܿ콩ֻЦس輧λҲˣϿϯ٧ưɡ
輧һ׷ϯ硣
뻳նʱֻ
ó˵һʧ㡱šִµİǰ
Ǿµľ˾ƣԼ˾ƣȻ¾۾ȴҲֻͷһˡ
֮뿪ȴһקסõ󣬵ߣĶҲ׼ȥ
ӷö˵̬ȿӦǲʶģˡЩ˶ôߵĿ⣬ֻ޲ôϹЩ˵Ĺۡ
ԣҪ߲׼κ졣
ùһЦص£ūտǽ˹ģʹˣūҲֻټҵķԸ
Ӧٳٶۣ˿ҲΪľ֣ĿΪ̽ȻҲɴ¶ݣ¶ӦþΪ˸ĳϵģ˾ˡ
˵Ȼʶȴʶˣǰ±ݺ˿ĳ͡ƹ¥ʱ˵עɫǰĶУ˵밲ϵС
̽ˣĪͻҪҵˣ
ΪҪ̽ˣ
˵ڻҲͻйء
½Ŵ꣬óĬˡ
ߵıǼ״˲ȻΪλᷢôĻ
Ȼⳤһ֪֮ͬ䡭ĳֲĹϵ
һֱˣ˲δ֮쳣ΪҲֻͳһ֪Ȳػȥơ˭ܲ죬Ѿ˴㣬ֻһҪȥһ괺Էúһϵ
֪֮ͬİӿͬйء
µɫǲԾæЦ쳡϶֪ϯãβŽи


36

־
ó, ֵԡ
ˣ϶֪һϯ
ºȻһϯ, պݵ϶֪
һ£Ȼ󡮺١Ҹ, ʳ, á, ý϶֪ϡ
ܿмͯһĽԣֻƵ¡
һ÷ǰһ˫, ָ飬˾ͷһˡ
, ල 
, ǰһ, һӣһ, һС, ԱļͯīΪִзƵ¼¡
ʼ, һ, һ٣ʩù֮, ԡɡΪ⿪ʼ, ַжӮīȥơ
ú, ˾Ǳ˸飬Ŷһ֪ķڷ
Ȼһȴ˾ˡ
ִú϶֪еúãδӮ£֪϶֪Ҳͬ¶һġ
óĬؿ
˻ӡٺ١ô϶֪ɣ
óһ´ӮΣ
һ׺Ե϶֪Ӯˣƾ϶֪
ʣǹүӮأ
/ЦӮˣ϶֪³˫̶ӳΣ
ν˫̶ӳָǽƵ˶һùУù̶ˮɫͷ󣬱ӳճҹ˵ıùΪźþơ
ϵϢȻһ䣬ض˵ƺ뵽׸ôĸطµǸӡ
ЩѾüĿĲǽһֻؿˣǱʵѧˣȴҪͬӡһʵ˵ݣüͷﶼúʰǺ˲źء
ˣɫ޲ģĿɨһʳһʢкҵյҵһ˳ȾޢĴָ״յߵߵšִյһյơ
ŵūˣ繫ү⣬үˣֻյơ
˿һǸƴյ˼⣿
ȻһЦү٣
ƳϵЦ⣬õüͷƳһյâ
ţɿȾޢָﲻ֪۳һָװɫķĩ֪½յڡ
뿴þʲôϷ
ϲʤͰ϶֪˵ֻ˿ɲҪڡ
䴽ڡ
ҲȤ˰һŸ߼¶̨룬˱輺ӡ
ú¶̨룬˵ҲʲôΪ׼˭Ĺʶ˭ʤߡ
ͬ⡣
˭
үΪ󣬹үȡ
һǫãҲ˱輾Ϳʼҡһ־˸һϵġǡ
˵⼫ˣֿʼѵҡҡڶ־ֿ˸ǡ
֮ԸսΪиСǾǡֻҪ룬һһ׼
ȻǸǡ
ǡʣΪӮˣضõùһ죬϶֪ˡ
סģ輣Ҳûôҡ¾ߵСϡ
Цˣһ϶ַ֪֪Ǹ
Ȼ˭֪ý˱һĵͬϵġӡ
϶϶֪ӡǳ˭֪õڶ־ֿ˸ϵġֱ͡ӿ˸ǡ
˳ɵˡ
ͬĹʣȴֻͬһʣһʳʤˡ
ⳤһ֪鴫͹á
ã
ʱһ
ֻõ¸ʰ·硣
Цⳤһ֪ͷɲǰˣվȫΨȫԸǰΪܳΪõˣΪӶ࿴һۣƴȥѧգѧϯȫ׾ʣԣֱֵ
īյݸˣˡ㡯һӹյͷ๾غ˸׳죬һյףĿźõùǼɨһۡ
һ˾øһֱºۡһڶ
סڱǣسˡ
˸ϽյסӣžջҪԼϯϣ˭֪һתǺ֮ϲ
ۡۡۡۡ
һޱ߳ƨ
æסڱǣһչȣٵ
Ҳæסڱǣ㣬ƨһѰѷɵƵģۿɼٶȣ׷ǡ
˶һʱμˡ
ΨºϾʳǰͷЦظԼһơ
ι󣬶ʱӦתŭָã㣬ù
öüһίԹģүĪҪԩūūҡ
ܻ㲻ң˵ľû⣿
ɫūľƣû⡣
ûȥһơơۡ˵䣬һֳͨƨ
˶ʱԹص˽ֻܴƬǰ˶ģԽŭա
ó˳Ĭˡ
ȷˡֺһֳ˻˲ֶͣӷƨҩʱԽãƨԽԽһһ־ջʧظСֺ¥ĹشƷ֮һרԸЩѲĿǣΪԼԴ˶Ķӡ
ٳǰӳҿһֺԷһû뵽Ȼˡ
㲻ҺȣȻľ⣬϶֪˹磬ȻϷˣүתֵ£汰ְֹϳʶô潼ˣ
ǡ
ɫҪԱ磬µĵЦ
ŲϲʶˣͳϷŪ˶һ档ֻҪòΪӣʲôԭǱӽﶼǸ˵ġ
һ˰ͲɵôˣǾ̲סЦ
ǵЦǻͶǵʹĺһӰѴҵע˹ȥ
ˣֹסЦ⣬˵϶֪ľ⣿
һ£ǡ
¹Ǻãơ˵꣬õִҲþףͷ
๾ࡪ
ĵĺϣ·һ貵Ľɫ˵ˡ
һưգ»δضҡҡպȻؽԧִ˵Ľ¡
ѵһһһһƨ಻
ճ죬ѼԵľ⣬Цİþƣ
˽ĿתɫŹֵضơ
˰ΣʲôҲûƼһ˾ĶǵЦͼ
˷ֻ֮ظGƿҳԣ˵ĳֻ̰Ե죬Լ˶ӣƫƫҪϱˣ£Ŷ
һȫЦ
ȻһʱҲò׼ô£ȻҵĳЦһӾɫͨ죬޲Ҹضȥæְֵۡ˱ۣҧŵ岻ʣиˡ
˻ȣߴٵߣͲ͡
žջͷˡ
ߺҡҡλεһŶǣһֳĿ˱Ӱ㶵֣ˣ϶֪ȥЪϢ
ûعҾһȻֺ
¶ʲôԿηģкξ壡
ǰַס£˭֪һҪѹϣüͺ£ѹҶˡ
ȴûҾϲѹ㡣
ã
ºֱܿ˳£סļûͷƵĽ
īæǰ·
ɵسŶ˵ıӰּĺ治٣æŹתƴҵעǼ
ī۹۱ǣǹĵǰ·תתһžСԺīתòֵ֪ӣǵ³סӡ
õͷˡ
īæ첽ȥˡ
÷½ݣҵ齸սƽºһѣȻһѹ
һ£
±ԺԱЦ
εūǸЦġ
Ŀһ٣üһȻ˵Ļģ
ʲôģ
º˵ơ
͵һο档
ǰ°޷԰ΣΪ˺һ𣬲ϧʥ˺ͻʺҲҪߡһ飬˭Ҳı䲻ˡ
ţﾹȻһǰĳԣߡ
ЩǺŪġ
¾µһ･һ裬Գ˵ĻľǼ٣ľ棿
곡Ϸ֮ˣʲôԡ
أ¶ҪȥҡǷ곡Ϸ
ÿһʱв̣Ƿ곡ϷǷ곡ϷֻϷ¿ģӿġ
Ȼˣ̹⣬ҲýĪҪݵ̫
˭֪տڣµǱصκδϢĻᡣ
κ󣬲ŷŹ˵ˡ
Ȼ֪˴𰸣̲סʳ˿ڣֲ׿óϡ
ͷĲһ·£ֱùǴ˵ĻһĴԣƵĵͷõһ¡
á˻һüؿ£
ԻȼЦЦһ˫̶ӳ£ҵǹªˣˣҵҪ˫̶ӳǺζ˵꣬ȥᳵ·ﾹһƿ
һ죬ֻ£֪˫̶ӳ£ɲδԹǰºܺú壬òЩʼĻһźˡ


37

, §ס֫ϣ΢΢˫磬һùǶʱĻ, ºһ͡
ǾƵùУͷȥ
Ҳ֪⻹, ʱ, ʪȵ״زļʱһ
ʶһ¡
̧ͷ, һǣаЦζ
Ũ, йŮɲһ, ٲһǲࡣ
-
ô, ͻȻ˲ٹһ֪òʫƪ, ԭԽ׹ˡ
żʱ䣬괺Էձ, ȫŶĽʫ, ˶, µҲͶ, ȻæĪϵĻԺѵûʱߡ
գôǰ˷
֪ǸŹŮͬƽһʦˡ
⻰˭˵, ɲ˵, һȥˣСԲ˶ߡ
ҿû˵ͬʱģ˵ȥͲʱ, ҵĳ̸ҵСͬƽһʦ˽ͨүãѾԲȹ졣
ȴ˵ףȡҵŮţǷӲ׾ῴһʦ
㻹治ţ˴һ´£ġ˵ǷҵŮ׿븮ϵģǷ븮Ϊ˱ȫŮլԺʦ˽ȥ˵׼Ƕ޻š
һꡣ
䴽Ѿ󹦸ˡ
-
ҹ˯˯ͻȻһ⣬Ī˹
ۿźʶ˻ɤЩɿʣ´׼Ьˮȡ
˭֪һ̧ͷƳڵϾȻһӰ
õһæץסʾغʣ˭
Ĭ
һӰ޷Ӧ÷׳ŵ´˻ȼ̨ϵ
ڹȻٴοȥ
һȴޱϤӶʱӳ
ͻͻһ͵һ
ӡ
֪ʱģήҲ齵ƾϣһ״÷ƿС͡
ϣϻ˵żվͣǽѾˣ޲
ū˯̫֪¼ݵˡùز
ӳ˹֣
ֻһ齣ϣһսᵽŨŨľ
ӳɫްΣ˵֪Ƿͬ˽ͨˣ 
Ϊһ£ù㵵д£
ۣ㲻֪˻Ƿʦϴνˡ
ûæūȷʵ֪֮Ҳûҹūˡ
治֪
ū治֪
ͷһھƣЦǾˣҵԺ˵ϵĻʺˣϧûǸˡ
ô۲ӻ
ӷ¾ͣ΢΢ֱӣסõ°ͣ۶÷ʵ˵֣
۽ū롣
أôսЩ˵ϢŨҵľ籡õƤϡ
ǿϵսθ﷭Ķģūʲôūĺܣܷ֦ͷū֪ҲǸˡ
ʱԷƱˣҼǵһֱҵķš
ôָǰȷΪ֪ĴۣһŲɵɵٱ֧
ֻкޡ
ӵϢȻƽÿܵرȥ
ӵõĶ࣬Ҿܾң
æ齣ڵߵ׵Уūӣĵ֪Լı֣Ѿūū̿ͣǴ´ĶֵµĴƽṦһ񡣡
ҿǶİɣ
޴¡̬ޱȼΪµĵūңҲᶯġ
ڵ¶Ȼ
ðΣӲŻ齣ߵߣüס˵Ļ
-
ÿʮˣý˵飬ƽĹǶȿֺȥ·ŷ磬Ҽ˹ݹܵϣѵóžȥĸһǮɻԺͬŷܳš
Ψ괺ԷҪд˹أΪ괺ԷĹǳûܣԽԽĹټˣ˽֮󣬷׷Ҫ괺Էȫøˡ
˵ڵ괺Էһġ
һ磬ҪȥĹǵ֪Ҳȥ𣬷׷״Ļ֦չھںԺһš
ܿ죬óˣӳ»ں֮
λӵǰˡ
˸һǰͼһŷͷٵŮӣ޵Ůӣūڵӭ˹
˹ǳŮͷʣǵ϶֪ҽг
Ǳãһ֪ҲģﵲǰͷСʣλ϶֪
Ůһ޳صǻûʸͬҽ϶֪ң
СʱŮӵʢŵһ¡
òǰĹ¿һǰĹﳤ䴩źȴΪϣ͸һ޵ܾŮƵģһʱ벻˭
ǰ֪Сūк£
ŮĿشһۣ϶֪
ǡ
䣬žһ죬ŮӵĶ⧲õϣֻƤۡ
¥ĹǼ״úˣ˵ǰʣ
ô˰
̫ˣ㵽˭ô޹ʴ϶֪
޹ʣߣŮߣҴľ϶֪Ժ󻹸㹴硣
硭
ٴδ˶ԷһۣʮңʻüĻüЮһͱ˵ʢˣһˡ
˵ġ硰ȻȻˣ˳Цūҵʱ˭أԭǳСӡ
üãʶң
ȻʶΪǰⳤЩµͬԼ档
˵̫ܲѡ̫ʱΪҵĵŮ̫Сµ̫λˡһڻ棬Ψ£ݣò䶼볤ƥ䣬ʺϳ޸
ǳĸƲֻ̫ʱ̫̫ܲͬɪʱôܷȢδǵĳ쵱̫һֱϣϵҪ˶δ˵ףֱ̫ܲӲʣʺ¶գŴӦͬ¶飬Ϊ̫Ӻס
ֻϧҵ̴ˣӲµ˼ƣ˵׷ˡְ֪󣬳ΪƲ˹ϵͬӢҵСүףټ˹ȥıһ꼰㡣
ʱڣǻʺڰмϳ޸֮ʱ
ÿһΧߵĹǣʾԼû£ҲŷɢȴһĿų졣
̧Щɢ޷ЦҹϵܱܵСӳƵϹˡֻˣūҼǵĸ˳ңӻΪ磬ˡĿ޳ǳҵĵСӡ
֪߰ҵãҽǷȰԶһ㣬Ժ׼ٹ
ⳤ粻ȰȰƫƫʱȰΪǰϣ֮ͽ˳Ķˡ
ˣȻδҪ޸£ĵѾ¾ΪˣʹҪģҲñĶģͷһȣ괺ԷѰĲ졣
òΪ̬Цһ£ū潼ˣūѰɣūҹūҵı֣СܲūҼ˵µϽȴֽ¾֮ɡ
Ͻ
Ȼ֪ʲô˼û뵽һ˾ӵ£ͬһ֪Ȼڻ¥˳һ֪
ô
ûӦ޸Ȼ˿ʼȵõĴ
ȭϽҳ˫㣬ֻҪ㲻
ֱָ̧촽ɫ޼ɵڳתЦЦֻϧūҲϲŮɫҪ˳Сӵһ⡣
ˣ𾴾ƲԳԷƣʱĻزᣬظš
üЦЦСѵ֪绨ѩ֮أ/ˣԵġɶǷơ
⻰ˣ޻ҧгݵô˵ĵҪˣ
ʳСʲôȰūģãΧųתһȦµδޣ
ҡ͵ֹסͷ˶٣ͦظҵȻõȰġ
ùܱһЦų죬ɫ䣬ǳδ̫ܵЩҲ֪Ƿ֪һƬģ
⻰״вݺݵؾ棺ҪǸұ飬С˺죡
Сӿ֪ʲôطſ֣Ц÷Ļˣ괺Է¥ҵĽ֦Ҷūҵ괺Էū˵ȥò˶ãȻ˴ȥСѲɻ˺ȫ˵죿
㣡
ӾҪá
͵ֽ̧ס˱ӣƤЦⲻЦ˵ūȰСҪ󶯸ɸ꣬Сӵıū˱޺ۣûر׷ūСס
һѳޣݼŤ
βűһŭˣƣ
˵꣬һڼūˡ
öųԶȥıӰ˼
ʱæΧе϶֪û°ɡ
Ŵȿֺάľٶﲻɵһůҡͷû£߰ɡ
˵˱£ǽȥ˴۱㡣
ÿʮƽĹǳȺӵ㣬ǳ˾֪飬Щ٣ⱣŶӽ㣬Ⱥ˵Ц۷ȴʼնڹǵϡ
һʱ䣬Ϊ
վ룬Ҵӵǰߣͣ߿ҿóǰ͸ޣסüۣȻľòֻǵñһɧҡ
Сһֵǽˡ
Ƕϵúܣ׷׺סڶͷ۹ϣĬĬ߶ʲô
Ψ۾ǰĹ䣬ɫ̶
˻ϣ׷׽ҶУҲԵóһɰ˽ȥŹ
˭Ҳ֪Ᵽ´۱ڵĹʵǻص¥
֮Խ¥ڱ棬ΪΪʼլԺʹƹŻʼеıׯլڡ԰ʲⱣǰǰүĸۡĽɡׯլǰִⷢլ²һصĵ±𹬡
ׯլĳɱºӾͰн¥±Уڴ۱¹䣬ʵлأзŽĶ뵽±У¥ר
֮ԷѾĻûأΪ¥鱨ͨݵģЩϢ¥ѡ¥Щ¥ǱڸԱе˽˼檣ǱھӪеĹټˣڵоˣйеĹŮǡ
ǵ鱨󣬱£׹µķʽ֪ؽϢݸ¥¥ӡ
Ϊȷ⹦Ƿڵġ
һҪ¥ӵġۡ
󣬽ȥ˲ȥǽ˵飬ֻȥԺ׼ʦ̫
úǴųģΪ֮ҵΪ֡ҪΪǲġ
֮ȥԺΪⱣµʦ̫¥¥ûҸ̽һʦ̫ȷһ¥档
죬ľ
ᳵ·ҵʦ̫ڵԺҪ߹ȥб߳һµꡣ
Ц⣬һͷĿԣʯ䣬ͻͻ£Ŀ꣬һƬհס
Ⱦͳķ˹ﺰţ梣
һ£ѪҺ˲䵹õԴ죬ԽԽ꣬ϤС죬ǲҪꡣ
˭֪꾹Ȼֱ
ýסˡ


38

ӰˡȸԾ
ûת, ʮ⣬վһµŮӣͷԴЦ˵ǵİĸڻ, ʹؼҡ
š

ôа
ǡ
̫ѨͻȻñͷ, ߴȼյž, ҵĽ
ѪɺӵĶʯ, £ˮ, ˵Ųʬ壬ӵϼĵط, ԭҹյ硣
˵ײײԺ, ԷĽ, ĸ׽ӵһƬУһѴѪļ⵶ĸ׵ıᴩ˶˵塣 
žડ
˵ڵ, ҡ
梡
, ӵܺȻ̧ͷѪС, Ѫ˲뷽غһ
ӵܡ
ӵܣ
üض, æ̧ͷȥǰﻹӰӣ·𷽲ŵһĻĻþѡ
ŻŵǶԽʧķȥ, Ųҵط·𱻳˻Ƶ, Ҳûע⵽ӭ˭ֱһͷײԷʵϣͣ
̧ͷһһޱϤĿ
¡
, ͫʷɢüͷʵʲô
ҡʶڣƳܶˣŶȻתɿɨһΧȴҲûпǶԽܵӰֻĻþѣˮɵȻʧɫ
¼״̧סõ°ͼ̧һ飺˭
ҡͷǳЦһ£û˭Ҿʦ̫ļ䡣
˵ѣ
һʧּȵӣʲôҪˡ
Ҫˡ
һǼ䣬ӣѵ÷ҪҵǸ˾ӣ
뵽ľһۣס°͵ֲЩ
æȥµֵ֣ۡ
򴽣Ŀĵس˵ˡ
ʣô
ԣ΢Σ֮ԻǱһصżġ
һ磬ȥùӦîʱԼİϷһصţŷдšɨһܣһˣһֻһ֣
̫֮ıԤ֪飬ڽʱһ
û뵽һͿͬ괺Էһ潼Ŷ㡣
ɺϵ飬ʱΪǷùİϣصģתһ룬ݿɲһĵط֮ӦǸȥģӰæǾδ֪ˡ
ǣиãڸʲô
˭֪ŸţͼͻȻײаƵĵײײۼҪ嵽͵Ŀȥˣó£ֻס
ЦΪʲô㲻Ӧ
üĪֲףɵñСūµ٣
һ£ü治
ū
´۽ޣǷŲŵģɼȻ˭⽫
ţͻȻи˹
硣
»ͷȥǳ죬ü㣿
ԳĹϵݵ׾٣ֻǣ֪̫Ӱֵ⣿
֪´ʱ룬ֻ¼֮ɫԸ͸ŨŨĲãЦݶʱ˽ܿ챻ڸǹȥˡ
첽߹˲ſȻվһˣǸǲŷֱ𲻾õá
Ҳû뵽ﾹȻҲ졪
⻹ԩ·խ
ϵЦݳάֲסˣô
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һʶ
ûûڣԵʶ
׷ƵģæסµֱۣŽ磬ϻڹ㻹Źĸ˵Ҫģôôöδ죿
˵䣬ûݺݵصһۣ񾯸ò׼졣
ԭκºͳ飬и˵Եһ¸˭ճɾѾĵ⡣
׼Ϣ뿪ɱôһɣöʱƫȥˡ
µͷһ۳ץסԼ֣ǰҶ֣üĽšҪַ̧֣ȻƳõֱֱȥ
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Ƴһýս֣΢ȥõϥһᱧҴȥҸطЪϢ
±תߣѹûּһ磡
³δţôǵȥˡ
õԽµļͷƵس峤카˹
Щԭط
òǸϲǷǵ˭۸ͷػһ󣬳˸һ£Ĳ̵ģͨͨˡ
һɾ齽÷£ºס̫Ѩݰ£ūͷǺʹһʱҲòˣūú˯һȥ
齱߿ޱװˡ
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µӣСƭƭǸ޲ɼıöѡ
޲ɼ
ɲǶԴһ˵̬ȡ
̼ǵǰ¿̹һŮ񣬵ʱ¿ľʱԾڻ˵ӣµ˽⣬˵Ů޼ʸĵ볤ˡ
ʸ£ݺıźͳʧȥˣԣһΪµӦǳ죬Ͼ곤ЩΪµ°ùʶпܵġ
Σֲԣɵú̽µ˼񡭡ôϲıã
༥˼㵹ͦϣϲƵġ
ҡͷūûǸ˼
Σµ˹Ȼǳ죬Ѳȥݺַʲô֪Ŀ
ºߵûǸ˼
ã
ûǸ˼ʲô˼
ӷ𡣡ͻȻ
ڶȥֻվһãһľ鲦Ūţʦ̫ԻһԹߺ޵ĳ졣
ʦ̫װâһӡ
ߵſڷʣʦ̫к£
ʦ̫۵ƶԭʩǰ𣬲ϾС˵ʩͻȻӲʣʩƶʩ޴󰭡
Ƴһ۳죬ֿһʦ̫ˣʦ̫롣
ʦ̫һݣŽݣ˵Ҳλεε˾õʲô
б˳һۣû˵
ʱװҪʦ̫ˡ
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±˫ۣϾؿãҪýôԲ
Цһ£󷽷صݳ֣ʦ̫ˡ
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Ĳ
һԵĳʱˣС־ȹǣԵЩ
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Ӹû⣬Ȼʦ̫ôΪ˱׾ǳ죬һĿǰĳ谮Ʊػ죬ӶԶ볤죬ߣҲΪƻ볤ҵ
˲İɨСʦ̫Ǹ¥¥ˡ
ҵȷЩһתƳ˳һۡ
ҧضãŻҺƸ۵ĺݾ
úԹ̾ı֮쿴ɫģڷ³вĺ£κβá
ԣ˼һá
룺Ī괺Էʲô˲ɡ
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ͻȻΪʲôôɵĳڱˣȻ˹⽫볤һΪôһϷñ¾¶Ĵ
лʦ̫ԣýġ
ӷʩٴϢƬ̣ӽЩ뿪
ٴл
ʦ̫뿪󣬳컹ﲻߣؿŶˣʵ磬Ƕˡʲôϵ
д𣺡Ǳֹϵ
Ϣһͣ磬潼ˣ
תų죬ò˵ʶô֪ݵģ
ҡһţȥҾҹ
ɫ䣬
ȥԶһ㡣
Ȼһ죬δ̫ܵЩ
ֱ׳ҶΪ˱á
ΪҺã¡ǡһЦ֮ĹϵֲܻΪҺá
磡
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ŵؿ£ôҲû뵽¾Ȼߡ
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¾Ȼм
뵽һӦȻǺ£벻µۡǰδ᲻µֻۣܲ۶ѣŷ֣ⳡϵУԭĩˡ
¼βŤͷس˵ôѵǴͱ硭ͬŮҵģ
һʱ۾ųȥˡ
еؿǰһĻͲֱϷһˡ
ȥţתߵ£֣̾Ϊβң
ߵʲô
鷳顣
òмһūֲʲôר˾״֮£˵ū鷳ɲôҵġ
鷳ȷôҵģǰ˵֪ˡ
̲סЦһ£𷽲˵ЩĻվ̲סһۣԺǰǫūˡ
ǡ̫ðɣ
õǣвܵ
Ͷµġ
˹˳֪Ǽ󣬿̲סҪȥ۰
һҧҧһɡƤӵ¶ţͲˣʲôУҲԶǷ֮Щ߰
𾪵۾û뵽¾ȻôϹˣһʱ治֪ʲôζ
ĺһأòҲ֪ǳ컹͵ʦ̫ڸڵĳ͵š
µȻ֪ˣںЩҲǹ˵ġ
תתȥģȻһĲɵģʱյҷ˵Ļȥ


39

롭͵, סµĲӣ׼Ĵȥֻǳֹ, Ƥع´, 㡣
µĺһ, һգգõĿܿ, һѷס, Ϣصѹݺݵ
ԭֻסµ, תƻ, ˭֪һСİµ/˳, ˲佫Լ˸
ʱ㺹µĻ
ǰ, Ѿ֪Ƕٴͬµ𽵹, ȻȴԵĸо, һڴ֮, ƺİԵֺսЩ۵軺һղС
ôĴָĦõգֻԽŮû취, ͷ̲סһĶͷ, Ƿĵ˵һɡ
֪ʦ̫뿪ˣ½䱸ʵ𣿡
, ɫ̫зһǽ߱ȽϷġµﾹȻ͸һ˿֡
ôĬһ˲ŵҲԸ»
Ȼ𣬡ΪΣ
Ҳ͵ҲԸĽ˿ȸ
ע峺˳Ĭ
һѵΪȻŻݺðӶգ
ظȻܾ
ã㾿ʲộ
ӳͬǵ˰ûȵãѰ˱ʣܿʵ
ӳǵæ齴ѡ
£ˣȳȥ»Щٳȥл
¿ǽϣÿɷؿҲû˵ͬ⣬Ҳû˵ͬ⡣
ñϾŮң컯գ֮ͥ£ܱξǻѡ⣬Ҳ˵ؿ˸ŷȥˡ
¿һ۽ϵ飬ںڰްвŻ/֮лԼԼɢŶ÷˿ϵζ
ۣһڡ
ЩжãȴƫƫҪʹǱҲ֮¡
Ȼж̫
³ʱʱ
ЩңŮȴŶ㡣
´ȺֱȥǣʱģɵǣȴԼˡ
¿ƥȻһ
Ȼһתȥֻʮ֮ңĵطվһ񽻨ƻɫȱ۵ӣͷϴżձñѹúܵͣһʱȴԵشϸܵһɱ֮
վŵµ
ˣһǣǰ㷳Ĵµ棬ڴߴ˸Ͻȥ
Ťͷ˳ˡ
˭»
ɨµһ̧ۣͷ¶һ´£
¿ǰȫİһüȻԷƺΪ죬һʱ벻˭ľ˵Ӧþǰ֮ˡ
Ƿſŵģ
ǡ
㾿˭
̧Ƭ̺󣬾˺һƬ/Ƥ¶ԭݳЦһ££ɻǵñְ
ǡɿס֣Ȼشӵʣ
ǰְżʣײμ¡
𾪹æǰһף㣬㻹ţ
ҧгݵ̫ӵµĴδְô
ԣɫæץס׵ֱ׷ʣ꾿ʲô̫ӰǲģôŻ
׾ɨһܣסµֱۣ˵ز˵֮أ
״һεСԺڣоƽһ·֮֮У߻ӣǸĺõط
»ܣԺӲƣľ£ҶȻǺܾû˴ɨˡ
״ݣڳªֽưܣﻹǻҳ
סĵط
׼¶̣͵ְ˱׷ɱӣ֮һһģסҲôɨˣС˵ţָƽ˯ϣ˯齣ɾ
ŤͷؿΪβң
ҲǳԺյĸ壬һӵԸ䵽ĲҾҲѡѰӻ浽ʲôԣ
ɫһҡͷְ̾ۼˡ
⻰Ȼ£һۣתϣյ꾿ʲô£
һ̫ӵµΣ̫ӵо˧ʣź֮˽ǶĸǲȾ˵෢Ͼٷڱ걱ͻǳأۼҪͻһʱҾȻһҹ֮ͻȻڣҾ˲أ̫ӵµ˵Ų
Щ鵹統´һ
̫ӵ/ʱȥӲӪҵĸ֮˽и棬̫ӵ¿ǰػã˭֪һӲȥ󣬾Ⱦҵȸ֮ˣȴһ˸Ⱦʱеľҽ֪ΪΣߵʧĲûõģһСҵֻôӵ/ҽΪΣҽ˵ºҡͷ˵ˣ׼¡ְӹҽ˳ȥ·һ·͵»سβһ·ס֣Сϣ˾й¶̫ӵ²صϢͻŷŲŰΧҵȷɱвΪ̫ӵɱһѪ·롭ûص̫ӵ¾Ͳˡ
˵Ѿ棬ʹشԼĴȡ
ʹļף޲ŤתʱػصսϣԱ°֣ˣֻóȰο̫Ӱ֪ǱǾˣҲ̫𡣡
׿һᣬҵܣûб̫ӵ¡̫ӵµѻسʱ·Ͼ⵽ɱֵ׷ЩɱֲΪ˵µѶΪɱڡԷбڣǡѲڣ󡭡ȫû
˵˴ʹر۾Ĭ˰ΣŽŵְǱԷƵ±ϣº֦סűһֻǴְص̫֮ӵµѾˣͬǵʬҲŲˡ
ɫȻһ䣬ɵ̫ӰֵǱԷͻسġ
ǰ֪̫Ӱֲź󣬹ڱʹŲԲȵգԲգվ󣬵֪ı̫ӰΣ֮ʣ±·֮ߣһ·ɱΧ̫ӻسβһ·ͳͻʡ
ӲͻʵİΧסͻʵĴ󽫾شͻʴ˲űƵͻֻϢ̸̸͡͸ձϣ̫Ӳڻس;Уҹ̵ظϵ̫ްŵվԷص˳
ԭһжǼٵġ
ְ󣬱Ÿϻس±ڻʺʥˣֻǱְû¤ҵ⵽׷ɱƵñְͻ˵ĵﶫŸ̶ӻ¤ҵֻһʱŻصְһس˵˵̫ӵͻģŵͻסŲҲȵģְ;ô´ı׷ȻȻְã˲ڰ׷ɱ
ˡۣǿɶˡ
ɫصһףǣԱְŻɣ̫ӵµȻѲ˸ϵ
¶Ȼվվʹ򸸻ʵ֮¡
һȴ¶Ϊ֮ɫҡͷְܡ
ΪΣ
ְ¹֤꣬ݽԻɾʥǲᵥűְƬ֮ʵģҲְͬʣҡ¶ʹ֮ɫƺԱְзҸİѱУҹһ͸¶˱ְְʥػְ֣ҡ
Ĭһ˲ʣкδ㣿
ͨһ¹ߵһͷȻְ䲻ۼ壬ְְ³̫ӵ򣬻̫ӵһְ࣬ԸΪ˸ǡ
ǰϵ̫ӰسȪ֪һοģ̫Ӱִ縸һ̫ӰֵΪҶ̫Ӱֱѩޡ
׼̫ˣְȻûп¡
׵ļ룬ĸвȻˣΪβֱȥѰңôѾ˼£
һεΪְûȥְȥüΣֻǴδμа̽ӣһκòױܿ̽ǱڣָﵽǻأаݷְСЩûͷ
ϸУôһ̿͹˹ԭףЩ֪ˣֻѡ
ְֻ뷽跨Ǳ˽ĹݣŽ˱£Ᵽ½Ϊʺϱ˶Ŀ
ԭˡЩΪŪˣﾹûɵһ
Ƶְǵ̫ӵʱְ¸ۡǾ֮ΪҪأҪ£
ֻԷһѡֿһܣüҲˣʰһ¶һȥһһȫģ֮ٴӳ顣
ɫְֵ°š
-
һ磬¸£׼ȥԺ׹ţͻȻ£ټˣǰš
һü˵¶
ټಢδ⡣
ȥǰټڳԲ裬æ²յּū澲μ¡
²ֻ񣺡й˰֪йǰкҪ£
ټūܻʺּ⣬¼빬һˡ
ԣһʵĸʲô£
ټ𣺡ʺһаãֻ˵δˣ빬һ𡣡
»ԼǰϹصºͬĸ֮˲Խĸңܱ빬Ϲأ;빬ö֮ϹǱ߹Ҳ
Եĳԡ
йǰ빬˵ţתԸϿˡ
ȥˡ
-
վפ㿴һʱϤĵط֮һһطǶϹϥ£ȴʱ̫ӳֳסڶ
ǰΪҪˣһ뿪һɱ
ع˹
ټһԴߴٵ£Ѿõˡ
¸ҪٲͻȻͷϵ֦һ΢춯²ɫشӵýż⹴һʯӣ͵ȥ
лҪ˵һԷһ¸ڼӵ죬лСŮ֧ĶһŬա
ǵԸ߼Ŷôôգ

40

ֻӴһ, и۵ͯ𣺡壬ҡ
һ˲һӰ׹, ͷҲ̧ȥȽǵӰסˡ
СµĻסؿֱ˼, κ, ͷһʦسæɵ˵л֮
һõôȥˣ 
˫ƵС۾ʱгСֵ֪ջ, ϵ塣
Ⱦ͵ȣôߣһˤôˡ
ֵϳ˵ʲôǸ߷Զ, ֱϵţֻҪһ, һȿǸˡ
ڴʱ, ԶĹŮߵĶ, æɫҴҵظ˹СµĻ, ǳ², ¡
Ȼһͨͨȫ, غ, ȥ˰ūǺҡ
ֳͷ˭ǳñ
·, ʹعһı, ԼƤֱ˵ģСĸȥ
һҪ״æסµĸ첲, 󣺡壬߻ĸֻ֪ġ
ԣɫ΢Σ£ƽ֣ʣΪβͬĸһ
ƲƲ죬ԹֵĸֻС壬ûг֣ĸ۳֡
˵ǻĸĵŮ᲻㣿
ĸ͸ֵľ͸Сˣˣǳϲߣĸ׼Խ˵Խߵĸǲ۳ˡ
ֻ̫̩꣬ΨһѪ̫Ӳź̫ܴûú󾹸ȥˣʱֲ겻̫ӷȥϹر㽫ֽӵϡ
ֿ˵СǵʥСĻӣʮһĸֻǸŮʸӣʮһӱಡõĵϥ¡һͬʺ󽻺ãʺϥ֣Сһˣʱʺ밲
ľһ˵
ֵ̧ͷ˵ϲ´οһ㡣
ֵС۾ʱˣСָͷ˵㻰
εع˹Сָͷһԣ׷
Цˡ
ǣֵС֣߰ɣȥĸ
š
һĴţ±㿴ڣӺݻϹڷϣ϶Ūòֺ
µʶЩ
ߣǰ˵ǸÿƵĵˡ
ԭһͼı
壿ֱֵյЩۣŤͷһ
»ع־ǸЦһ¡
ʱټѾСܽȥͨˡ
ϹؽݸߵŮ٣һԵĵվ
ǣ񣺡Ӳμĸ󣬼
ŴŴָĸ밲밲
Ϲûصһۣ㷽ֶȥˣ˶Ѱ㲻
ɵأվΣԴҲû˵ţֻһµڣ壬˵ǰɣ
¹´Ϲصֵȷҡ
߻ỤϹֵسһۣεɡ
֪Ϲͬл˵ˡ
ߵλһ¡
Ϲصöδĸˣһμ㻹ϴηϣԶ˸λӿһ٣û˽ͬĸ˵ջص빬ģɣʲô£
µĸˣʵǽ﹫æһʱ鲻ѡ
ϹصȻ֪˵ĶǷ֮ҲһʱʲôԸԭίֻתƻ͵̴ǧֹϲרڵڹ˷裬ĸնڹǰΪô֮λΪ㸸ʷǡ
⻰˵ǹûЩʵΪǷÿ£ȴŵҩ˳ȥѰʲôҩϹЦʲôϣϺͿˣһҪűǰȨԼϡ
ĸϲͺá
Ϲü΢ɫģҲ֪治ǹװһȴǵȲˡ
ҲˣҲϴСˣ꣬Ҳʱѻ¶ˡ
һüͷĬ˰κ󣬲ŵ֮£ӳ顣
ӳ飿Ȼ֮ʣ֮ǰѾ°ʾΣδʲôܺͷ֮⣬ΪȴַˣƻңϹزɵüôأѾʮˣȲˡ
ǾĪҪĴǰ̡
Ϲɫһɣ˵ʲôֻܼ޸㡣ҪǱﰵƴ󣬲ɿڴ۵Ļ飬Ȼͽ˵Ļ¸ˡ
µʹͷϹؿɫֻΪ㳤̾һ̫ӰˣĸΨһ̵˱ˣĸıһжΪ㡣գȥһ˳ңˣĪҪĸʧ²ͻ飬Ҳֻܶشٷˡ
ɫ˵֪ˡ
ϹؾسһΣҲֻ̫Ѩֵҷˣ°ɡ
ǣˡ
ϹµȥıӰĿĳ˼
ʱ᣺ת˳
ĸ˵ˡ
ϹߣʲôҶĸһöᣬ̫ӣļͷˡ
Ǳ翴Ȣ
Ϲæȥ
˵һ潼ˣ
صͷǧȷ
ϹȴһΪѰ飬׳ּ̩ϸ񣬴ӲմʲôаģһŻᱻݺݺҲеġֻҪס̫λֻǳҵŮһֻ۱һֻۣȴȨպλȵ֮˭Ҳ١
ƲƲ죬ʲ
ϹغһۣѵСҴı̲ˣԺιټĺ󹬣
ĸѵǡ
ϹԹԵģȴ񶾵룬ŲһҪڹ֮ǰЩݲݲɾңѾ˸ã׼ŻõûĻ˵ʲô硣
-
ҡҡµֱۣͷʵ壬ҪȢǸù𣿡
Цһ£ʣô㲻ϲ
ִͷһ£Ȼҡͷϲ
Ϊβϲ
Ϊùÿμ˳֣񶼺֣񡭡ϲƵģ˶Ѿˣڻĸĵڲһǻۡ
ԣ²˿⣬ֵ̧СԴ˵ǳּȻϲͲȢˡ
̫ˡֶʱ˵Цһ־ɥУҪûĸ֪Ϊ˳ֲȢ칾Ļһġ
һһЦһسǾͲûĸ֪Ͳˡ
ţ֮üЦͬ
ۼǰͷǹ˳ˣֹסתֵ͵ֿȥɣԺ׼ôߡ
ֵͷС죬ϺǲԸ壬ֲȥ
ȥȥĶ
̧Сϣ壬ȥͷһòãЩ˵ɺˣֳô󻹴δȥء
ǰ̫ӰֶܽϣӲԳȥʱ룬һ죬Ҫһ˽顣ǵһ֮İȴҲûˡ
ּ²˵æĸ첲ҡͣ壬ˣʹȥɡ
µͷЦãȥС
ּ˵µϵ֪Գˡ 
-
С
С÷㡢֬ü졢ˮۡٺ㡢ӡӳֻŴСһһдʵӣոĶˣʣȼõʯˡ
°ָһǰǰƼʯãȥ򡣡ţúȻͣסš
ôˣ
òɫܾһ·˸ǡ
ӳһСʱˣŤͷҪȥ˭ڸǡ
÷ɿסͷ
ӳŵһʱҿˡ
ɨһǰװûּǰߣһҸȥ
ӳСȵĵͷ
ˣö϶ĪǣһĪһͱϧϧҸͷסˣĪߵָҪһ˸
˳ǰѿ֣ѸټȺٴȺȥɿһС
һȻŶ̺֣Ĵ󺺸żȺʧȺһתּȺǰ׷ȥˡ
ӳµǵʣӣڸô죿
¥һ㲻ԳýʵΪʯᣬʯɲǵ괺Էȼã׼ɴõ Բ뾭֮֡
˸٣ȷԷݣ´ݾߣȹ۲һʱ˵ǵϵȻȥ˵
ȼõʯỹûء
»سҲһġ
þһ·ߡ
ǸҪӣǰͻȻһŶƳȹССͷС˫٣һ׺ÿĻ䣬ųС׵ѩƵģС磬ԼĪ߰ӡ
Ǳʲô׷ƵģŻŵǰܣܵǰͣס
СһۿãҲ֪Ķģֱܵǰһסõ֣𼱻ǵغƯ㣬Ⱦң
лҪ˵ߣǿߡ

41

, һݺݵվסСأ
Сһ, Ƶõţĵض˵, ǻˡ
׺ݵĲںӺܿ׷˹, һﻹһ
ں׷󣬵͸СӶӿ, һӡǻиҪҪֻýѹ, ǰ׷ʱܿ췢иСӺ¶һɫ½ǡ
һ׳ʵĲںһ´Ĵָ, ˼ɫ, вС, С
ֻһۣñжϳԷ, ڴ, ò, ǻ˶, һֱ鷳
㡣
䣬ŲһŲԱÿ, ¶С
Сŵ, ۻֵ̿ؽ䱸ԽԽӣһˣֺںۿһֱת, ǲ
ӳЩ̣ȴҲ֪ƾҪСԲ
Ҳ֪ǲΪС˿ǿã۳ǸӵĴּץסСļʱͻȻţ
Ťͷؿá
С͵˼֪ԼӲҲˡ
ùʵʲôˣ
ǣһת¶һЦҮ壬СҳأҪؼҡ
Сָ̧ںӵһŭҰҮʲôˣоð䣿㣬ҲҰ壬ǶǶ˲ˣŲЩӣ
˺ü˼
һö£æָָԼӣЦСе⣬ϲ˵˵Сӱġ
Ҳûк˵˵ں˵˵
̧һתվСм䣬´һۣŲ˵Сϵһ˿У㹻ϵһټѣһͷλС𣿡
һ𣬻࿴һۣȻҲû뵽СϵĶôֵǮתһϲϲЩֵǮĶϾǵˡ
˺֮ɫ¶̰вӾ㣬ٹ£ȻԲ˶ߣ
㣡Сٴμȣæŵץסȹա
ӳ¼״һҧŴСس嵽߲ӵסСʵѽŵð亹
ˣţֻҪ϶֪ڣʲô¶ܽ
ûɨһۣߡһЦȵҿԲ˶ߵǣǿ֪˭ǳıӵ󣿣
ӱõƻһ侲һ룬СȷץСЩͬƢʢ˵ģʽģʲôͨ˼ĺӣʲôǲĹĺӡ
Ϊ׵ʿˮʣ˭
ϴǹеĹУͷϴǴʳ黨ЬǧһƻǾáСܴͣصλ˭ɷµ˵
У
ʾ㹻ӸģһҲԼй棬Ǿǹٹ֮Ҿ
ü¶ӣǸҶǵӿ¶ᱻնݳŵĻǾԡ
ɫʱŵòҰޱȣﻹٶתȾһˡ
ܵûӰˣý
Сӷ϶Ƽ˾ȻˣæӺת˳ͷգ۾ãһŵĸ߸ϣ־Ư㣬̫ˣϴʲô㶼֪Уô֪ҵݵģ
ôޱ˵Ҳ֪˭
С𾪵صɴ۾㷽˵
ƭǵģ˭ô֪
žϹģŻŻӶѡ
ϸϸһһǰСȻϴѵȷټĹУɴ˿ɼСȷʵǸ
ֻݵСôͷˣ
רŹСӣôһ
ССƲģ̫࣬һСҾͺɢˣȻˣƭ˵ҪóԵģֲʲôóԵûԹ˾ͷҾҧǵֲߵġ
˾յС˵ˡɣ治֪Ǹÿ²а
ҲС飬ǻСĺӹͱץˡ
Ѿ̫ˣ̧ߣ֮ǰ˲δĵȰСһ䣺նһСӲҪ浴ˣϽؼȥɡ
һᡮؼҡСＱĿˣûҵ壬Ҳ֪ôؼҡ
üǿûǹѾͷؼңϾ־ѾͷܲСѾͷٴЩ֣֮ţء
֣͵һϤĺ
һ˫ȻһСȾͳȥ˵غ壡
´ǵسһѱס֣µؼһۣȻּŭܵȥˣ嵽Ҳ㣡
ɵ˵ַڽϿֽնӣһʱ͸ˣٻͷҲˣֱ׷λƯ˳֡
ԭųУѾͷ߯أӲҪȥպи˩׮ȥ˩˭֪˩ôһ˲Ĺ򣬳־Ȼˡ
ŵûɢ˷ƵѰңţ֪ͨסţ߰Сһɿ̺ɢѰˡܿţֶ׷һŻѵСѶ˹
ллأְȻ
һҪлȳֵŮӣ˭֪һ̧ͷȴõܽ档
㣿
£
Ҳһ£³СǸ󣬵û³Сݾ˹أС壬ͣԳƳ֣ѵǡ
̫ܲŹ£֣
֪ΪΣһģȻԼҿı֡
ֱµĲӣŤͷؿãʣƯ㣬ʶ壿
ã
ֹʶ
ü˼Ư㣿
صͷ԰ֳôǵһμôƯĽء˵ţСյµĶԣ˵Ļ壬λ㳤ÿɱùƯˣ㡣
ǳһ£Ȼһ˵㡣
Ϊʲôѽ
󡣡
ֵĽȻҪȳִİ
¾Ȼ˰Σűһ䣺֮㲻ܽн㡣
ӳһ߸£ȻͬһСӰ죬һʱûסЦ˳
ƫͷƳһۣŵæסͣͷȥż⡣
˵Ķԣū˱֮ˣĽ㡣
üͷصԽˣãЩ֪ҲǸ˼
øɴͷ޷һ
ֹƳֵһ˫۾Ǻǣֻתƻô
Լ򡣡
ӣѵ𽵹˵Ǹл˳֡
˵ʵˣǿֱ׷ɵ뵽׷ɱص龰ִǿѣ򴽣Ҳֻ˳ֶѡ
Ư㣬ȻʶǾһɡ
Цһ£ҡͷˣһ£ʹ˸ǡ
ͷһ壬ٲ˾ˡ¡
ֻõȭɿһȻˣǾһɡȻղżºܲϣżõʱľϲúڴ
ƨƨߵܵõǰסһҡһ㣬Ӧ˰ɣӦ˰ɡ
õͷȥһ˲䣬·𿴵˵ӵҲô֣һҡһ˵龰ǼĪһᡣ
κ̧ͷӳ£㡭
øԸӳ䣬ӳæϵӾܹ䣬öУùū澣ūԼ֪ȥ 
̫ˣ㣬߰ɣֻǵһУöණûֿòãæߵߣȻסһߣ÷Ƶġ
Ƽˮзӯġ
ֱϾСԣܿ챻·ĿƷĿ⣬һմųСõҴġ
ֲͣʣĵĴ
ʲô
Ƿ糵
أ
ǹߡ
±֮ңľڶ󣬿һһСӰôһ˲䣬ĵӲǲ֪ر
ʲôһ˵ǰָ̬˺ʵ
ÿһˣľһۡ
̼ǵǰӵܵ˳ܵϣǣӵʵڲ͵͵ˣֻ͵͵ȥӵˡ
ɵȥ󣬿ȴĿ
öƽֻ֣ó峺ֱӵһģһ̧۰ֵӣЦЦˣԳԵģҪ𣿡
һ£Ȼͷ絷⣺ţҪ
¼״׼ǮסֵԼ֡
һã˼صһͷ
˱߳Աжˡ
ӵһҲǳ˵ʱ򣬲Сĵ˱ǩӲҲ˱ǩӲ嵽ӣæһѵ·Сĵ
ЦǺǵ˵ģģϸء
ۼбĵһŹѾˡ
סֵ֣ʱˣع
һԸҡҡͷֽղعȥ帮
룬δ㳤ˣͷǺãǻ
ǽء
һۣ޵˵Ҫûȥĵط
ҪԼļ𣿡
š
µ֣ܹȥסõȿأɳ᲻ý㡭


42

õļ͵һ, ֱĸо̫Ϥˡ
ͷųë׵ͷЩ黺ͷţ, ֹԣ´ν𣿡 
ȴִƲ, , ֳף֪´ʲôʱ, 㣬㳤һòã
⡭ðɡ
Сһ, ʱָƭˣζ, ˵´㳤档
ã
ʱǰˡ
Ϊѵؿһ, 򴽿, üĿţҲ֪Щʲô, ֵֻͷίȰ˵ֲ, ǽ㲻ȥ, ʵǽݲ̫ʺȥ
գۣΪβʺȥĸۡ
Ϊ
ͻȻڵûʲôʵ, ȥĴʱΪ㳨š
֪ΪΣһ˲, ֻǺСһϷ, ȴ˼֡ġ
ΪЦõֱҡ㣬嶼˵ˣȥġ
Ǻð, ҸȥųǳڴСǲľܾˡ
̫ˣ̫ˡָ˵ı
еĶţ⾹Ȼͣһһݡ
±ֱǷֶý͵ϳֻ䷦ǰ׼
ÿ±ԥŽֵ˭֪һ¶һСߴٵ㣬ϳ
һǶ㲻ˣֻø˳
ܿ쵽±˯Ժ
ʹӼӭɻˡѽСҲˡ
壬ȥԷʰһ£ֽջޡ
ԷÿնдɨɾأɰСūū͹ȥɡ־Ҫȥ֡
ʱͻȻѣſµļϣִһ㣬ߡ
æǰı㲻ߣ̫ɽŶرˣҲ߲ˡ
ŷλСӾȻ
λǡ
ǡӡ
һҰɴĵһλѹϲɫ̽ʵҪ׼ͷ
ˣ¶˶٣ŵסԷ壬ȥţһᱧȥġ
æϲʤش¡
Էǰסĵطµ޵Ȫիֻһǽ֮
ٶ̤ԷĴţÿԺϤľ£һʱ䣬ľԡ
벽й۲ãɫ޲ģһʱ˵ʧ仹ʧ
ݣ½ַڴϣǺñӡ
ֳվԶԶú㣬ߣ㳤ֺòã
֪ΪΣ÷̶̰ദֶһѰȻ˹ȥڴϣЦЦã㡣
ӱСסõһֲֻڱȻֱĴ˹Ƿ
ü״־Ц־ۣԭеСӶһġ
ӵܻţѾʮˣǴˣҲᱧͷıͯҥ˯ˡ
ֹԹ˯͸㳪ͯҥ
ţֹԹԵġ
΢ЦſŶڵ龰ȻԼȻе࣬Ϣسȥˡ
ԪƮݱ£ȼ𱬣žž֡
˭֪¸żͱﴫͯҥضסˡ 
ʼݣգ๾ϳ̣ͣÿѽѽѳѽ
ǡ
һ֮ȴֲͯҥĴɾͺĹϤĻƵġ
תۻ嵽õǰһץס󣬼ٵʣô׸ҥ
ñͻȻľٶһ㶣ʶ𣺡ຼͷβᴫͯҥ
ຼºؽüһ۵Ҽǵϡ
ԣʱһ顣
ˣһС˵©졣
ȷʵຼϣνϲӸļݶѣйصһжαģֻǳ
̫飬һѿھຼͯҥ˳¶ţǿһ˿Ц⣬ңҰǰʱ·ຼСͼˣȥҳġ
»ɿ֣ͷҵػζţĳ
£ôˣ
ҡ̧΢΢˫ֱסͷҲ֪ʹ໹ãȻ˵Һ
¾Ȼຼͯҥ
ôһͨѸƽˡ
ֻһͯҥѣСҲлᳪģ»Ǵİɡ
˰Σʵ벻𵽵õĽͣҲֻΪĴȻˡ
-
ҹ
ž
ʮůĴϣôֵĹµźҩ̴ӣʲô
£Ԫȼ
δȼʲôĳ£ƱӾҪȥ
̴æҩ̫ӵǰض£·纮δºտڴ²Υ
ûãò׸ֳຼã·ֲˣȿȡһ߿һ̾ҵûǸ羰续Ľˡ
Ҳ̫ɥ̫ӵӦòôͻ϶ģֻҪúһãܳȥˡ
ֻˡӺһֵ˵ຼСζ£ĺܣȥɡ
⡭
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ȥȥͻء
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̴ǰһߣºžʹӴ˼аһĺϣˮҹɫĵشӺԺı˳ȥ
ڹͷʮ꣬⻹ͷһԶ󶼣һ˳ķ
ຼͬȫһǽߣ̨ͤ¥ɽˮҹ֣Ǳһ顣ٯﴫòᡣ
źӱţ;СϷ
ֱϣ̧һһƬͷһڵҹɫﲻ֪ƮһƬƬ
ѩˡֽһֵѩҹƮƮѩи̾⽭ϵѩȳѩһ˿Ƶġ
ԪƮݱ£ȼ𱬣žž֡ʼݣգ๾ϳ̣ͣÿѽѽ̫ѳ
Ҫŵס˽ŲͷһĸҥɵúѰȥ
ֻԶһƥͷڿһձСС˫ѾأһͨͨǺ«乛Nɫ£һѽѽسţһ߻Ǻ«
иͷԲ໨ӣǣƵڵš
СﳪųţһתµϣæӳЦҮ㿴ǸС磬ɵЦء
ƫͷһ£ǸƤϸ׵СӣּȲĳҵĹҹΣתͷСѵС˵˼ѩ
СﲻؾǺ«߻α߳ºС磬ѩң
Ӷʱͺȵǳǳ̫ˡ
Сһͷεҡҡͷ
ǰӲ֣һףŶϵСҼѩҲ㣬С·Ųۣð֮¡
С￩ЦȻҫƵĳҮ˵Үǳǳ¶˰ɡ
Խˡ
С˵ĻΪͣ͸ˡСｫǺ«ݸ¡
¿һǴһǺ«ЩĶΪӵܣӲ֮ʳĺСòһЦ
ȿȡҪȿȡտڻؾͿԲֹһ̣·ҹͬСﻹİҮת
Gôˣ 
µѩ۾ǰϵСƵüͷ
ôÿСôüͷأֽüķƽ
ٴʱĿһɰСˮĴ۾ƵģСͷ˵С磬ôôðҮ˵ʲôӺɷһҲɷ򡣡
ǳǳ񣡡æ²СŮСĪ֡
¿ЦҡһͷŨŨҩϢʣǡ
ӵͷҽݣСӸóŲǣε˴ǿɾΣˡСӼסδСŮպпգԸСӻؼҡ
лͷˣҼҾڸ߾͵ˡ͵ųģǲԸʦڵػȥ⣬ŵլԺأΪݣɲ̫Ӱ֦
С²飬ŤͷȥҮʱˣǸûؼˡ
ֻó²ָ𣺡ȻˣСӶౣأǡ
СҮߵſʱͻȻסһ˲Сתܵ齱߽Ǻ«ǿµϣ鲻ԸصҰ˵ˣ˳ʳͻõĿ죬͸㡣
¿Ǻ«һͻȻʲôæ˵ıӰȵȣʶסδҼȥ󣬶ͳл
СŤͷģ˭ϡǵлǣǾͱǿ׳һЩ´ټңʡ÷һֵˡ
ǳǳֳ
ǳǳ´شӴ
Ρ
Ѻ󣬡ǳǳֱĻ֮ȥˣæƿӣЬ塣
лҪ˵̶ʱɣôҾõȡ
ʱոÿ99㣬ûĻ9첻ǰ˵ٵġ
һ㣬ЩԼдĲãܶСŮǵԹ϶ܸˣΪǣ߻úס̬д꣬ԣǡ

43

ǰ, ӭײ˸š
ɡ
Ҳ֪ԼôˣһΣǸСŮͯҥõһģһ, СŮֻǶ, һʱҲֲǵξ, ħ֮ξ
ǣȷ, ຼȷ̫ͬӰȥǴȥʱǡ;Ⱦ˷纮, Ҳȷʵ͵ȥٺͲȷˡ
ҪȥĶǶ˻Ƶ, æ׷
Է
ɿҪȥ, Ѿˡಽظں˵
ˣ͵ֹ, Ϻʪ´˿˿⣬˹, ʱߵģ
Сһ㡣
㲻, 뿪ѡ񲻸
, Զ, ǴǧǽԶģҲ˵
δʧ, һǵʵ, ôˣ
»ع۾̫Ѩû, ǰմĿأ
ǰŸûãǿͺž͸ųȥˣūת氢ɣ˵Щƣȥɢɢģðģò˶ͻġ
ЩңҲû룬һתݣһߵ͸Ӧîȥ˺˽ͻعȥ

׼ȥһƺߣתһһְſŵһ»
ɣ
ȥס£ʹ֮ɫּһֽץסؿڣæʣëַˣ
۵Ĵɫףŵһͷ
̩ȥڹǰԲҹպԣĽʹëʱʱطһΣʹ࣬ôⲡϢվܺá
ūȷȥЪϢ
Ҫ£Ȼһ£һץס˵öȥиߺм
-
˷ƽԶֻһ֮һʹ뿪ˣ뾪£û׼Լͽ顣
˭֪սƽĶŵһխͻȻӲӿ׳סȥ··ˡ
ʲôˣ
䱳̵þɲһõǽڣһ泯ñƽʲôˣ϶֪ѵ
϶֪ΪյǰӣϾ˼ҵ⣬ǳе顣
·ֻúǽڣضűƹ󺺣һŪĶܾһ̽ŶԷĵϸҺλԩ𣬲֪λڴ˵ضҡʲô
һᵶģУݣҪֻϻŪӾϻʮ
ݡ
úܿӱ뷨Ϊһֻ֣ϲ׻ò
ܺУ
̫ˣ
һ˾ٵõϿðһ㣬û˵Ҹһ꣬ͳڵķܡ
ں׷
ȻѵȺʱˣѡķصӣм·ڱխֻǰܣͷľ붼̡
ϾһŮӣϱȲЩ׳ۼЩ׳Ҫ׷ֻùעһţ˴٣
˭֪ûܾһˡ 
ͻȻ󣬶ʱס׷ϵ󺺡
ñܲˣ˲֣æͣ·ǽ
ɷסţΪ׵һָ˺ȵʲôˣһүĺ¡
˱͸һţ°͵ʦү
һһһϡһ˲˻ӵ㳯˳ȥ
һۣȷʵʶԥ߻ߵʱֻƬ̹׳Ȼ׾ٵ̵ˡ
ֲҪȴ˺޷֮ȻǸӡ
׳ڵϴһȻĬȾˡ
һϵĳ
ǰлɾȡ
϶̧֪һߵüͷƵĺһ
£ɾū
ǰûżġ
ףҹҪ̸һ̸ټɲһ£ȴײһòСӡµ˽⣬ĵ飬Բع۲һҹͬŮӾֹһŮ
ԣһ磬ö뿪󣬱ظһƽʱ³ݣɵһû뵽㾹Ǹ潼ˣ
ͨ硯ܿжϳ˶Էݣ͸һӵܵĸ߸ϣµˣ
ǣҲǡ
ǵҵģ
̹ԵԼأ֪½ݲؽǸʲôݣ룬Ǹ̻Ůӡ
ĻöҲһŴ²ģԣٶĳöԲ棬ƲʲôƤЦⲻЦطʵ̻ŮӵΣ̻ŮֵΣ
ߵҲͰˣǸ潼ˣҷȰ㣬ԼݣЪ˼
ԭǸ֮ĺ֮ͽŹµ£֪ʱôһλ۸ڶġӣ
ּӹĻ۵£ӵǸˣһͬһǲ֪ԽУѵ
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ǣǰشǰϣ˿ǷȰĪԼõġΪūұԾú۸
׺ôҳĺӣС̫ܲӴߣ˾ӵӰ죬ŷ£һֻʥˣǡ
ôһϷһعŲӵãͷЩ᣺㣬ʲôÿ
õóѵعһ´ǣ˹ȻǾþ׵µˣµֻФǷǣֻЩڼӵܲŻݵ˱֮
⵹һЩ棬ǰôãδĸߵرӵܡ
תһ룬ĿǸ𣬲̽µˣ˭ֻҪǰӵľˡ
òָ׵ãٴεϷūҲÿūֲͣʹҪɾٷȰȰһūΣ
ܵס󲽶㿪õָ֣֪߳ܣ
΢΢°ͣ¶͸µüۣЦЦɾѵ֪潼ˣ֪֪֪ǲ֪߳Ϊ
ϸؿõȫһͣףΪλˡ
ĲɷǶԱ
̣ۺˮ촽뻭۲Цʱ̬ףüۼһµͨ͸ʹ˼ֳףˣ˭ҲõǸ糾Ůӡ
ٶ༸ۣҲȥ
¿ɲФģ㣬Ϊ֮˵꣬æˡ
ÿʧıӰԳЦһ¡
Ф룿
ģһûФ£ҲФ¡
һ괺Է÷ִһƬǽ壬ǱƵģӳŹڴɨʰ
ûӳæлӭ
ˡ
ʲôˣ
лҪ˵һ㲻İȻǸĩǻǺÿġ
Ϊףһ£ԣӸɡ

44

߳桯ӳν˦һ, Ҳûʲô£ʮåһҳӣȻĪԺʰƨˡ
ʮå
֮ǰ, ̫ȷҪݵ˭, Ѿȫȷ˭ˡ
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˸, , ͬʱĳӣЩôôһЪ˹ķŮΪ
, ѾȲҪСˡ
-
, Ȫի
, ˵, Ҫߺշ糾͵ؽݣˡ
ڴϣɫ׵Ľʹ, ë, ޴ˡ
Ǿͺãºһġߺһ˵м·Ը
, ߺæǰµȥҲһ˵
ߺһΪĸش˵ĵϸæʣ˭
һ֪á
ߺһ£û뵽Ҫ˾ͷ룬ܿʲôüʵ¼ǵãõĻʡ1ºѾһΡ
³һǵļٵġ
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Ȼ˵ѡ
ߺȻһԤд²򵥣ȻҲ˻ټ
ãͻȥ²һ顣
ֻӳ飬ȥຼ飬йϵģ̼֮ҵȫһ飬С
ǸСǳǳຼСԭøߺһһȷһǸξǷʵڣħ֮
תһ룬֪ǹǳǳġһ֪иߺ޴ӲҡһͷˣһҪأ˷֡

ߺո˺󣬳ȸżͼվһһСˣС֣źŮ
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ȹսݣܵµĴ齱ߣеʣ壬˵㲡ˣ㡣
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Сֻع岡ˣչ塣
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ؿȻ쵽йİϢ
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ֻĽʹѣ޴󰭣赣ġ
һ˽ϣȥ
齣һףôֻƤ
׶˶ƤЦ£ְȥ/Ƥߣȥ᷽ˡ
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̫ӵµе²飬ְǷĵģְĵġָǵµˡ
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£ְҹ޸ˡ
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µƽ潼ȾȷЩ⡣
ǾȻҪǸ潼˵ݣְץǸõĴ󺺣ʳָʹǻòĻʹǳҵĵŮ졣
ǻʺֶŮ֪ڶܱƵó첻һеҪٵɼҪô¶ǸҪôõﳤ̫ݡ
ȻǿϳıֶΣǣѪͳݣóǸʺδһ֮ĸŮˡ
£Ҫ֮ˣֻһ潼ˣãɾȥ
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һһһɳӰŮɫɲǻΪô
ô֮λҪЮأ
ȰױͬǶɲͬӵա
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΢΢ۣؿףֽʢȲĲ거ΣҲûо̣ĬƬ̺ĵؿڵ
һһãһģ룬֮װֻжŮ鳤װ´壬걷£ɢƾһʱ˼ģһҪҪɽҪһѡ񡭡ҪңҲҰ֣Ҫʧˡ 
£
ԭöɲĳ룬ӲʩȰ·ãû뵽һ潼֮ԸѡɽҲҪѡˣʵڲ⡣
һᱨҲᣬ˭Ҳܶҵĵߣ㻹ף뿪ˡµѾЩˡ
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Żţأһ󼱷˽ɴѹѹһֽƵػ졣
ӳæȥ֧ժһ߶ţ磬ǰٹûӣչڡͻȻ뵽ʲôɫһ䣬ɹĪǽͬ欵ˣ
þúЦͷҲ̧شȤǻˣ¸
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ӳƶǶӶ䡣
ߵµýսǲӿͣȥͬ˵ڽԺ㰸ȥŽһΪ䣬öǡѿຣͶ̥

ӳд⣬æӦˣҪȥ죬úסʣˣĪԺΣ
ϴα˳ӺĪ߻Ժ֪Ūһ»Ժ⼸ڲء˵ĪߣƽһԵģֻҪ˸괺Է£ĪһԵļʱƽԷüﶼ̲סصĪԺ˰Ľ֮ġ
ÿԺҡβֹ֦ЦЦسһ´ˣչڣæˣǵøﻻһζϵȰ㣬ú˯һ
ӳ¸ôã⣬ԷϵȰͬ㣬λĿӦʱͻⰲ㣬ÿͳͣ
ӳ䲻֪ҪʲôһԿ϶λصĪԺ²ʲôˡ
ű·ÿڣ¹۱ʢڣڵزĿǰųϰիζȼƣõζʷУʮɮ
ԣ¹ɮƶΆߣ֮ӳ֣꣬Щ׼ڵҲӿ⣬ϼݣͨ롣
سеĴ۱ʱʱ
ڵգЪҵҸᱸ¾Ʋˣ谸㣬ֽǮˣҹ䣬Ⱥӵĳŵӱߣźӵ꣬֡
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һ֮첽˴, Ĳ, ͳӵȼ, ͷҲص˽ȥ
ڽùֵͻȻ죬ڽŲҴҵ, °첽˳ȥ, ķƽ
Ŀһ
Ī괺Է
, ã
ǵس, ǣԼշȥ
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ǡ
ͬһͬȥ
˲ֱƽ·ǰȥ, ֪ˮǱµĴ۱
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Ѳʷȥһ̽
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Ըȥѱµֽ
һԵѲʷæ𣺡ؽµʦ̫ʧˡ
ʧˣ
¹Ȼ⡣
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ϧϧȴǿͦرģҾӻǼһ±ȽϺá
ϧϧĽϴż˿״ĹЦʱмֲԾʳͬϧϧһȥǰ档
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ҡҾǣµƲƲС죬˵ġ
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ŵһ˲䣬ݺû˽ۺ棺㣬ʲô
ǵ̫Ѩӵﲻĵطȥ
ҲҪȥ㣬Һòҵ㣬һòã
кܾɣ뿪
һסˣƬֻ̺ӣȦһ죬һ˳أ㲻ϲˣϴλ˵´μ˳һú㳤ģ˵㻰ء
ֿ˰Σһãֻޱضһԣһģˡ
أֹͣ˿СίͰ͵ؿãֻᶹϢš
ð̾һٰΣʲô
۾Ȼһýȥ档
üϴβǲȥУ
֣С˵ˣȥһ⣬ΪˣԶҲҪȥġ
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ӣò׽ǹί𾪵˻ȥʹͷǲһ
кβһ
̧ͷ۾һգգ˵аζ
ã
ʱſˣӳñ˽
ӣ׼ˡ
ýӹñִϣָԼһȻֵݸߡ
СȭͷСȻƲʣȥĶ
̾һεС
ԣΪЦ
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ѾһʱˣҲ˺Щ㹬˷㲻ˣἱĲˣڿȥ˰ɡ
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һھÿԽСɽˣ˭֪۽ȻƳһСģܵƿ֣ææתһܡ
ֱ˳ȥһƨɵڵϣµؿŲԶֻһź¾װˣһѳխƴضá
ӣӳæӵĶܹȥֻصߡ
䣬ԵݶವĸװˣŽΧס
˵һЩµĸ֣֪Щˡ
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£û˻ǡ
ɫĵسӳµһߡ
ҲߣҪͽһ𡣡
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ǡ
ÿӳһۣӳ»⣬æͷСȰСҴ߰ɣӵġ
ֵͷ˵ˣȷﲻʲôæ
ýĵУһӳµһҷԸָķܡ
У½½ǰΧۣ˶˵ᵶϣսپ
һ֣һƬ/۷׷˵Щ˵ϣΪǶۣˣܿ˳ڳ
ܣָһں
ӳ˳ȥתͳһܡ
Щ￪۳˱ǣʱӦϵˣæᵶ׷˹ȥ
ָֻǼ˱׷
ĺݣһĸ֣֪ܲɴͣ𸽽С̯ϵĶ߶ʮһľȺңһңһ˶ܡ
Щһ浲һ׷ҲܽȺ
ȺͷܶܿûõӰǼ˲ˣһ֮£šһһˣ䣬ѪĽ
ܵŵüȱӣӵĴֺܿ˳¶õıӰ
öپһ쬵ģתһѷ׷˿ʣԡ
վԭزˣֻĵƵ󣬽˳æҵװüͷΪ׵ĺ˳ٵʱ̧־һ
ѵһڿյһĺ䲻˵ڵһˡ
˼״һ£ֱòһСɵʱӦʲô¡
Ůˣƶˣˣ
ųɱڵñƽ뽫õ⽴˼
ԭϴαЩݺ˷õģǵģֻһ/ôˡ
ˣһɫǺˣ컯֮£ҵɱˣﻹû
ǲһһس
ͻȻ䣬Զౡһ졪
쾡ͷžһ£ڿһɫ̻
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46

, ȴȻڲԶ𣺡Ͼ͵ˣС
û뵽ֺӳ¾Ȼˣַŷųȥǽʮźŵ, һƬ, , ػٸԮ
һ˭֪, һ˴żһС˼ƻ߳ŭ, ʱһһѺտտĳسַ˹ȥ
ӳ, ɵ, ؿųǷһҶ
֣
ǧһ֮, ø룬ʹ˹ȥ˵ϡ

̵Ѫδδֵϡ
ľļֲ̌һ, Ѫ, غ㣿
ӳҲӦ˹, ŤͷƼúһʱ, һ̲סͿ
ͬʱһӵ۶
õıǱһɽѹסƵ, , ڵϣ̧ͷСҰֽȫǾ֣촽, ŵòᡣ
̧ҪȥֲᣬȴͬǦһôֻ̧óЦЦޣ㡭û
˵䣬õ͵һ
и˲֪ʱ󣬽ñϵĳɿ˳ѪڰУӳºֵϡ
ӳµŵҡ
˾׼õĺףӳҪ˹ȥˣȴǺ˵͵һסˡ
һ󣬱ͻֱͦͦȥ
õҲʼȥ
ӣӳº
䣬һеغ̶泶
һ˲Ӱɿؽסȥá
ˣѪʱ·޵壬ˣϽˣءȾ
µĻֻԼưܵޣĹ磬֧ųصƤһ£ָ̧֣˿£Ұѡ֣ˡ
һץסֽס촽ȱ˵ʹȥҴ򡣡
Ȫի
Ѫˮһһر˴ӷڶ˳վͶþʲô£ֻ˵ŰɱһѪŮ˻𼱻ǵس·ŽգͰɶ棬ǲýȥ漱ĸɵۡ
һʱŴˡ
ҩȳˣһѪĽ
ɡ嶫
̧һ֣ʾȱ˵
²£⵶Һδ˼ҪƫָǴҲ췦ˣϾŮ֮ôصˣܲ͵ÿԼ컯ˡ
³Ĭһ˲ŵ壬ʹ򡣡
æǰ·ݣ롣
ʱߺղĴҴҵ˽񣺡£
ѹŭ˵
Ǽ˿̵ݲˣǡߺһ£ҵʿ
ҵʿ
ۣ˵ָܺʹ
ĸʿѵҧԾʣһģһ̵ȫˣ˵ܡ֮ȡ
˭ߺˣɱõ˾Ȼǳ죬Һ͵µĹϵɵ
򴽲˵ˣǰ֪˼ʲô
ʱͻȻźת˳ߺռæ񣺡С
ߣͷʣ壬ùҪɱϽ𣿡
תͷһۣһ˫С۾޵ĺףڵأ£סֵ˫֣ǲǺϲϽ㣿
š
벻Ͻ㱨𣿡
صͷȻ롣
-
ͤ
ͤˮˮ϶ͤ£ͤˮˮյжȥ߰˷֡
ͤڵʯϣʵԨбƾϱĿС£ǰй˴ȡ
̣
ͻȻ䣬ͤһеĺ
ԨֻۣһƵӰɿشͤ˽һͷ˽ԨĻ޺̣
ԨЦӴҵСôǣ
̧ίСƲ̣۸֣Ҫ泤
˭۸ǳְ˵
ǣùá
ŶԨüȻôţЦʣ㵹˵˵ô۸ˣ
һҪɱҡ
ԨüĿһ֮ԣ֣⻰ɲϹ˵
˵Ķģֽճȥ棬·ͻȻðˣһ˵һֱȻţôĵ˵ͳųֿ˹ҪϽңЩˡ
Ԩü˼ֻ١
ֵǲŵĻ塣
ʱҲͤ˽ۣʡ
Ԩˣ⵽ô£
£̰棬͵ҽӵﴫʧٵϢ󣬱ĴѰңǡڸַźţҸϹȥʱֻ̿͵ֳֵ׷ų֣ҺõʱиŮƴų֣ҲŵѼʱ³֡
̿͡ԨǸкιϵ
ޱ̿Ϳʣĸ̿͵ҧԾʣµǸָʹǵˡá
ԣԨؿһۡ
ƤӶûգһ¡
ᡣԨ
һԵĵмæǰӦūڡ
Ԩȥ̫
 ҪҪ¡
Ԩֵ¼ȻغңǾͰѻʺҲɡ

-
ظųһ·˺󹬡
գԭڸϢû뵽ŵŽյ˵мࡣ
мഫּʱָذʾһ䡰ʺҲڣСӺΪ֮ɡĻȴ͸¶ˡ
һ·ϣں˼룬ʥ˾Ҫ
ܲΪǼ°ɣ
æҡͷ񶨣ǼôҲܾʥʣ˵Ǽ޷죬˲йء
ۼͤ⣬мǰ£˴ˡ

һѹвͤڣȴֶڣѹȥĲ˲ð˳
æͷǰأŵĵۺ񣺡μ£μĸ
Ԩ񡣡
л¡
ĵ̧ͷһϵϹأֻɫһѿ
ʱͤͣˣܵһӱÿͤһĵϣĸװ˵ʬ塣
״˫һ΢΢˰벽
ԨָЩʬ壬ϵЩˣϵã
ҧӲͷƤ𣺡أر£첻ϵá
ɾ˵֮ǰָʹǰȥɱġ
ɫȻһ䣬˼֣Ǻ˵ôܴɱ֣
Ԩɫ䣬ɳҲ˵Ҫɱ
ŵҡҡͷô᣿£ΪҪɱ
ԨָʮˣȴɴֹУ̩ڵĻ㵱ٳ̫꣬ˣѵͶԳ־ûһޣ
ͨأߵͷûС
СԵÿμ˳֣͸޲ó˳Ƶģֶּ㾭ԲѷԲŻĵİɣһֱڰмӳ֣͵󣬾ɱ˳֡
ԣԨζؿһۡ
ûУ˵
һۡ
ЩԹ̫ԭλãſֶ˳ۣȻҲûʲôɫδҪ֣ϾһδɵĻëѾͷûʲôвôɵȥɱ֡
ҪɱãΪλڿ˵Ǵɱ
ֲ˵ɱãһ˵˾ͱϵЩ˸йأǲˡ
УɳȥЩΪֻĪǴɱʱ¸ײˣ
磬ĸңûɱ֣ɱʲôôΪ֮ƣΨҧϡ
ºȻʣɱ˭
лҪ˵öԣҵĶһȺСɰÿģǣ

47

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ȴѾ, ָʹǴɱҵ˾㡣
ͱ, Ϊ첻ɵ˼ŭſڴƻƣǶѾˣ޶֤, ʲô
Ȼ콻ġЦת溰, ˴ɡ
ǧţһѪĺ˹
Ǳõ˵λʱδüԾ, 䵽, ܲסȫˡ
һ, СϵѪɫ˲ʵһɶ
ԨƳһۣʣ˵, ˭˺ָʹȥдģ
˱ǧţ, 𱻿׵۾ǰ֮һ, ۵, ʱŵûɸæСģСǳҵ
˵, ͻȻһƺ, ·˹Ƶ˫۶ţѪش˳
æֵ۾һ
״Ԩǰ, ſ˫۴󺰣ݣ
ͤǧţ˲ӿ˽γԨܡ
ѹź˵ǧţѹſڵס
κ󣬼ſڵһǰ㲦˺˵ͷ­һѪʱһ£Ծˡ
粻Ȼʥ˵Ҫʱܲ˻ǳΪ
Ԩü۵ָų죬죡
켱æϣҡ
ʱһԵĳڿ£Ϳ¿ײµķϣһء
á
ɱģҲûǱµʥ˵涯ֽţɳҪʱһ۵˹ŵó졣
ԨüĬˣվЩˡ
κԨŤͷֵ֣°̾ͽôóԼ˵㡣
¾һСһʱ䳤ɫѿŵץԼȹͷҲ̧һˬҪԼ
룬ùñϾǳֵĳһĸҲˣǳ־С˲ƴ˹Ĺһذɡ
⻰˵ġ
ɫԽѿˡ
Ȼ˻ȴȡԨЦǰ̩ĺŮ´ִ֪硣˵꣬ζؿ˳һۡ
£ȣִ֪磬⻰˵ʵôأôغĳңΪЩСֻѡӶ
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ø
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Ԩ˻֣¶͵°ɡ
תˣ컹飬ʺĸŮٰæں棬ǿӲطȥ
ͬҪˣԨǶ¡
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˵˵ɡԨ²һڡ
ְȥСڵشԨȣһãȻҪ˵ʲôѽ
˵˵С龫ԨؿбһۣЦЦ˵˵ǸĽ㣬ôʶģôģ
תµǡʶģȵİ 
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塭ȵؿ¡
µʣŮֻһͨŮӣϴζӴȥУ볤ɢĳЩ°ߣǴŮ³ֵģִ˴˽빬Ǹʴ˲͵͵뾹Ѵ̿͸˹ȥ
Ŷô˵ŮǳֵľˣԨһףȻˣǾһҪ
Ŀһæ۹أ֣ߵлȴл¡Ůȳ˴̿һڻУδ
Ԩ˻һüδŮȼйɥȪˣҩֳ·һˣظ޽˸ס
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Ԩһ۳᣺ȰѳִȥЪϢ
ЦеعǰС
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³ͷԡ
ֻøųȥˡ
ԨһӣͤĹȫȥֻʣԨӶˡ
ԨֱӴ촰˵϶طʵ㲻Ȣ죿
Ӳ֪ʡ
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ʣµɫȻһ䡣
֪Щ˶ǳҵʿֻʿŸڴͥɱڣҲֻʿ޷˵Ծκΰѱ/ɷ涨Ҳܻʿͼı۴
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ӶߵͤӱϣųȺȥԨҪס/Ľɽֻģ뵽ϡ
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ԭһУͶۻȻأ֮Թ˳ˮۣΪ˽ôѹƳҶѡ
-
챻̴Ҵͥ˰ӡ
ϾǻʺֶŮлʺĸŮһԼ̣°ӵģش˶ʮӣϽȥȥˡ
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µš
غһȻίҪǰߣֻǻûüڣһžһϽʵʵذһƣۣŵסպĸ
ŭɶҸ˵ٴΣСҴı㾹ȻΪɱһ΢潼ˣ˽Զ˳ҵʿ֪֪Ϊ֪ЩóٲС
ټ֮ǰõϢ֪ҵʿ컯֮£ףЩɱ˳֡
Ҳû뵽Щʿ澹ȻĶȥ춨ȻҪ߰Ү úýѵѵЩʿǡ
غɸֵسߵĴԶѴֵϣͷԼĲ㡣һ潼˻ûнţȻ㼵ʵţֽ˳ȥкã
δĸôĻŵʹؿĸȾɣҲˣһҪʺġ
񻹵Żʺ󣿺ߣ˵Σطתųˣͻ̫㸮ڰ꣬ú˼

æסصȣĸҪҪ죬
ر۾صͺߡ
ĸ
ˣǿнקˡ
û˳Ŀ޺˲䰲ţվԭأɫࡣ
ǰȰĪҪӡ
سһȻʣΪλͬǸ潼һ
أ˵ϴЩС°ߣǸþС
ѾͷûҮʡĵĵط̹ȫʮȥٻһϽĽؿ˭͵ȥȫȱС
Ϊ֣ҾɳʿɱǸ潼ˣ಻ֵǰһ֣ǳ׶Ļʺ·˳ҵܲ

תߣæ˷ţָһ衣ǵ̫ѨüͬǸ潼˹ϵΣ
ϣ泤̫Ѩ˼ŵū֪Ǹ潼ˡһ֪õȷò绨ҲȷʵӣǰǸ潼ȥһǱСǿȥģʱ䣬δȥҹ̫Щ
أʹˣֹУģֻһ潼ˣܳʲô򣬾ȻѾͷţԣϺλͳ󹬣
ӱϾԵ
͵ǵѱҮݵĿˣˡ
ֻ̾ϧּ⣬׼Ӽҡ
ЦֲֻһŮûеŮŮǾշ
֮
˻غȻֳ̾һϢ
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ܾ⺢ӽЩİԽԽԶƵġ
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˵ҲǣҶˡ
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鰸ǰӰصһԺӵĹĵشӴ϶©˽ӯҵķҷ΢Σ͵Ĺ鰸ϾϣһĴ֡
Ըһģײ롣
´ӱӵù鰸ǰִձʣһ㡣
ǺŤͷһЦ
ٶȴӱס°͵õļͷ泶ֻίŮݲߣģһգһվߡ
˵ֻҪɣʲôݣ泶ĸԸ
΢ЦһĲ˴ңҶ㡣
һһȻ
עḺ
һתһʮµլӽһá
գ鷿ʱһ˼Ю㣬⽫ȥ鷿
ǡýӹشһ
һѣϸϸһʱһ
ã£cѣϻǳɽ»ƣ»ơ
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״ʣô᲻ˣ
øϽ۵ĳЩڷ
Ƭ̺׵Ĳ̣Ȼǣūʹ
⣬ɫҶͥԺէ𣬴ҶҲõġ
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ڳʮϣؿѺȥݵ
Ƿϲ¿Ľ䣬ƳӰƵӣ۾
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ΪʲôΪʲô
Ϊ鰡
Բ𡭡૵
ٿһֻ̣ȵƸĶͷϣصƤӳһš
ˣоôɳƵϷ
ŷӦ±ڻ˶ԶһЩµҶ㱳ˣţֻܲţѹ˿ڣֻñ˯
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лҪ˵˷ʷʵļӸ
սҵļޣ
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48

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ƽ޹ʵرһƣµˡ
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±ȥַ, һҪ괺Է, ɫʱȥ, һԹƵģԾͳ˳úôǸƵط
һ´, ͷҸôĵط
֪Ѿҹ, ҹ, ҹ߲ݵ, ɲȥˣȻֻŻ괺Է
ӵĵ, Ļӡ
һ뵽, µľܣضò˵ˡ
ֻһɫ£ҡҡλδҪſߡ
վԭһŭźݻ㱾, Լ߳ԣ
ûߡ
κ̲ס׷˳ȥ
һſڣȴõԺϣ󱳵Ѫּسȥ԰׵СŭЦصҾ֪㾹ľƢ
Һó·ԷڵƫѶæô˺˿ڡ
ٶתʱ÷ԼֻصԷĴϣ⣬󱳵ȴһˡ
Ƴͷĸ߼ϰڷһƿʱʻԱߵĲɽ¯̣һǰǰ㣬ÿܻĴͷϣΪһƿʱʻ
ſڹӰˡ
µһС˽ˣҲֻޱһһߵߡŴ£̣ҩ룬Ĭõ£Ҩһҩ֭ݵõߡ
鸴ӵؿ£¡
̧һۣǶεǲȥģҪߵȬ˺Լߡ
ð̾һ̧ȥ룬Լ
²ţһضãóĬԼļ֡
Σֻõͷҩ֭򾡡
¼ι
־յõɫԺúֻܶ࣬ǻ´
ѾʮգȻҲݹؾʹ󿪺ţѾͷϸãŷĵȥӦî
շúԷ
Ŵ󿪣غ»Ϊ˯˽Ųȥ
˭֪һݣƼڴϣŸ࣬ԭ⻬ĺ󱳼䣬ȻһԼ糤͹ɫ̺ۡ
Ůް׼Ϊҩ
һŮʳǰڷţվڣææ񣺡¡
һæϡ
´󲽿˹ȥŮȡްǶȥɡ

Ůºת齣סļ𶯣ҩûϡ
õ˵Ůɡ
¼ôͷк϶һζطʵôĪǰˣ
˵ʵʴӲõϣǲ֪ΪΣ⼸ӵΪԣʲôûȻáȻĶ
õͷ¼״ʱĻŭţþȻΪˣ
ı˲һɨա
ĸطû
˵꣬齱£ؽñϵ£¶ǵİ̺۳Զ˿̽ž䴥Ŀĵغܡ
۵̧֣˿ôһ˺ۣһֳִƵſõıϣ֪ǰѵʱǶжǵʱƫһ֣ʱְ̡
սȭͷĺ붼룬ǰѾʧȥһΣһĲʧȥˡ
¡õ˰Σ²޶̲סһ
»عĬްҩҩ
ʱá˻һ˫硣
̫ˣʡ
ҡͷҩЩ
ϻڣЩģҩžЩ
̣Ͼͺá
չ˫磬˿ڴůƫͷȥһҩһ߶˿ش
һůһɬ
°£ΪҪá
ҩ½ãȴ¡
õͷ
½ʳ˴ϣЩӣò´Ŷڴϡ
ðţŮǽźϴ»Ȫի鷿һЩ£ԷʱѾƾ˯ˣﻹһ顣
һһŻֲġ
ᣬõҸ£سƾȻƽ£Ǻñ죬һԾؿоޱչ
𣬶תתģ¾ÿնܿ׵˯նѡ 
-
շú;˷ʱƳڵһǳճһѩǵǰѩţȥһѩ˻ȥ
һңѩȲԷȥݺȴڿһˡ
ʱ˽ʣأ
һ¶ӣ룬˵ԶԶƼһ˳ˣˡ
ˣ
ü룺ѵǻ괺Էˣ
һµضȲػǸط
뵽ץסѩֻսôżȥ϶ȥˣŭһƵĽѩˤڵϡ
ŵһæ
ʱƳԺŴһٻӰæϲɣӻˡ
¼ת˽ȥӭӣ룬ǿס嶯վڵ߹
øһԺͿվڣɫƺЩãݺּɢһصѩü΢΢
ǡ
ȥĶˣޱʡ
£𣺡괺ԷĽõңӳǰ̽ңұȥ
ԭǼӳȥˡ
ˣµͷһ±Ǽ⡣
ôõĶôڵˣ˵ţö
ֹˣˡ
ʰֽʰһѩ˴ֻմһҶѣܳԡ˵꣬Ҫ
һǰץסüҲ࣬ˡ
𣿡Цһ£ĶԹЩѩֱ˼ζ
ЦۿĿһư̫֪ᣬǷơ
üͷָѩڵϣ嶫Ը˽ʰһ£ȥ˷Ķһѩ
ȥ
ǣߵ齱£ʣӳȥ
˵ͦҡ
ºȻϾǾ֮ء

⻰֮⣬ƺϣ
Ȼµ°ɡ
סĦţĿעǰŻе泶ߣһչġ


49

泶
ѽе˳Ȼˡ
һ´
Ȼ, ԶԶģٴκ˺˰, ӵѾɹ, ٻȥ, ӱȻỳġ
ңһ, ﾹЩ

á
¼һӵס, ϲ֮ɫüңֽ۽ǡ
ڽ, ߡ
, ǽˡ
ʱ, õѾָˣԺҪ, 괺Էһ, һЩ, ǰ, ˵һ
ˣæ, æȫ, ãΧ꺮ůе
ϧϧѵ֪ò׻޸
ѾͷҵĶ֪, Ǽᡣ
ôһ˵мúۡ
û뵽ദͬЩˣ޲ɢϯģҲδԶ괺Էֱǳġ
λλøġ
һɫǻҵؿ
ϧϧæʣ϶֪ʲôˣҪ𣿡
õͷ伮ȥ̷
һ潼˵伮еذĪĺ£ӦˣôøǲһˣȻϻ潼ˣȴƽΨһܹƿԼ˵潼ˡ
ǣ᲻á
ϧϧԭţ룬ǽ˻ȥЩĬĬĽ˵϶֪˺ùޣӦ˲ǣôһˣ̫ˣˣˡ
ϧϧôһ˵æᣬóһõǿЦ
ипǧֻȥ뿪˳괺Է֮İɣһᾭҵġ
һЦտ
һãסǴߣǷ׷ȥæˡ
ʣϧϧӳ
ñͬϧϧһЩ飺괺Էһֱ˭Ϥ괺ԷתԺ괺ԷԺͽˣ˲ᣬҷ괺Էպã浽һʱȥһЩӣԷĽǳһջƣʱ򻹿Կά
ϧϧæסõ˫֣ʵΪΪǿǵԶٴθл㣬ֻһȥĸԸģ
潼˱Щ˼ȥΪŪģҶԼĸԸģϧϧǵǱǿȵġ
Ц´Һܺãȥӳ»ȥӳڣ㾡ܷġ
ֱòŴӳ´괺Է뿪
·ڣȻͣ£ʳ򣺡˺£ 
𣺡ͻȻһСײˡ
أһһֶϸܽõԣüһֽ
Ͷӳµȥ
ӳµͷȥˡ
ͳֽչһֻۣдšʮδ¡ָֽ֣˴飬һֱĩ
գˬбգ£˰һηԺµĹ£ɹŴҶ̫
ɹɹţ˯ˣʲôʱδֱһŹĲˡ
һԲ֪ʱһķ伸÷¯ߣУ¾һԵȦϣ顣
·飬һЦˡ
ôˣղ尡
ֱӣšֲ裬һո˽һذ˴Ұյļ٣óջ㡣
ֺò¶건˴ֱо˲ŵݸá
ס
ʱ˱ǣѬ棬һʱĶչˣ۾Ըп
ºЦǾͺúһ¡
ԽʣµĲһں꣬Ų걵δġ
ݣֻԲ˳Ĵߣùġ
ң뿪괺Է¿ֻȷֻĽ˿ȸ
µľͳȥߣҲչ
˸СڵҲճȥΣǵҸô¹
΢ʣ£
²뿪ԡ
ԣ
ý͵²֪ʵĸǱǻҰ׾ϲֻҲŶĿȾ˲ٻաҲţȥ⿴һأȻϸָĻٽΧٻʱһīǰȥ档ʱһܿƱ׬СǮ¾ô
ǸСԡ¹һıǼ⣬Ƭֻ̣Ҫϲ㡣
þӵվͳǿء
£·;ңԶҪֵϾ㣬һᰲһͬȥҲ÷ġ
ԭܾϴα˴ɱдЩ˻ݣ˸ŵ࣬о²δ¶Ľ䱸ĶĿҲġ
ÿԽʵһƻЦŵͷá
գӳ½һװ硣
˳ţͬԵһСӵͷ˵Ż
óˣæֹסͷЦӭӣѾ׼ˣ޴ЪţԶɵӶſţū׼˸ʹˮŽˡ
ʩлл塣
ЦӿˣЩǰɵ⡣
ЦЦ
ʱԶСǻغʱˣ𣿡
ӳֱü
ĶСˣ
ȴֵĲΪ⣬תһˣÿ·ϳ
ÿһСӣһޣؿڳϣӦǸʹӣȻүƽƽ棬˺ת۾֡
ܾô˵ʶ
ͷǰӳ¼ʣʱüصС˵ôûʣ
С˿һ۳ͷϵľ룬е˵ôߵ㣬ȥˡ
㣡
ӳϾҪͬС˳æӳʰںãӳСмȰӳСĪģ̫ء
ϾԷˣݲ˵ūƢ󣬹ȻǡּȰӳȴҲֻ̭ԷǸǸ
æ͵СƢŹ֣ʮ˵ãһɽʲôģһʮء
ӳ°ŰɵسСһۡ
СӲǱˣףµصظǵġ
вԸ⣬ôһöʣȻҪ̻Ůӵ򣬻ûһ·ϵȫסовԴԺ󳹵׳ŮɫУй۲һʱպ󣬷²ûǰš塣
º滹˵˾䣬õһһʲô˽ӴȻȻˣõݻһ㣬֮ĹϵҲַǱ濴ô򵥡
գЦЦǾˡ
ܲŮ˳ЦܲóЦˣġ
һŤ
ӳ¼״˵ʲôֹסˣ˳
ջʣϳͷһݳˡ
һȥУѯ˳лĳأȥء
һȥأ⡣
ֿһգ˸飬ûкʵĵء
ֱգ˴ȥϽʮĴ仪ɽһػǿɽˮǿ鲻ķʵء
һ߿䣬һߴɽǰҪҪ֮õƸߵʹ䣬һֳĻвθУйԡ
׸˼֣֮þȻǳ׼ֻġ
óһ֪ڷ³ҲʮָմˮȻԸֵأ泯죬Ŀֺ࣬
ֳһһѲ棬һǰյţӳںظţӴӺš
׾ٵؾɽߴѰһضµȣһ漫ĿԶ
ţﴫһ˻ϸ֮£ֹһƥ
Ϊʣս˼Ȧʹ˻ΪУЩ˻ƴʮ㣬ͨսϵս
ⳤ⣬ս
ϸ
һִһ˻һѰλܿ춨λϷ
һȥϷһ԰ӣ԰лҺɫĸǽΧסǽһ࣬ռĹ㣬йľдУǸߴ󣬻мưܵ¥ӳڼ䣬űǽƺһųĲ˻ƾǴﴫġ
ǡã˴
ǰסʣ֪Ǵ԰ʲôõģ


50

˳ָķȥ, Ŷǰ԰֣˵ǰģҳ, ԰Ӿͱټˣԭǻķ, ֱټ޸İֲˡ
ֹ
ֹĵط, Ϊλս
æµһգۼҪس, ׺Ȼ˵Ӳ˰æݳȻسȥ
ӳûصһ, ҪԹ䣬úȻס, Ȱȥ
ȥôᷢ԰ء
ҹ, Ȫի
˵սü
׿϶ȷս, һǴͻ
ͻʣʵ, ý׳, ٶȾ, Ǿ, Ϊͻʵ/֮ͬ࿹, ·硣
/ͻͬˮ, 붫ͻʵҲల£Ϊ͢ҲʱͻʹֻǶͻʵˮݱûͻʺ, ԶͻʵԶͻʵ
ͻʴ꣬һۿ԰ͻһԭ/ҲôǰӶͻ֣ӽѷɫܶ࣬Զ
/ʹӶͻʹĸרСΪˮԭ򣬡չǱȲͻʴǿս
ж٣
Ӧƥ
ƥͻȫװʿѽóҡ
԰ﶼʲôˣ
ģЩũ񡭡׵£ҪҪȥһ԰Ŀǰ˭У
ˡ

ײؿôڳǲ飬һջµġ
ȴ֪԰ӵĻ֮˭
Ȼ˭
һһ٣룬ӡ
׺Ȼ󾪣
ǰŴҹɫֻ֪֪ȴ֪ǻʼׯլʹǰǵ񣬵һеıׯլڡ԰ԹׯլʹƹܣЩϾõ԰լڵȣԿׯլʹޡ˽սһ¹ϵشͨպ͹Ա˸ӽ˽սֻҡ
ǰ̹ӵֶΣӴ˼ΪĿĻ᲻һֶΣ˽սǰʱѾ˲֮ġ
պ췴չ鲻ͬն
ǻʲôϽ
ҡͷߴߴ磬˽սһȴ԰ᵽҡ˵ׯլʹ԰Ȼй˵԰Ѿ޸˰գһʹʱֻЩǡ
ԭˣѹ԰ôĹһ·ðǵ׼ˡ
ײɵѿɣ
ӵֶһˣȻȴǡ
̫ˡ
ӴȥأüҪֵĸߵأþҪֻԡ
׾Ͳᡮ⡯Ǹε԰ӣҲᷢ԰ŵս
һУɺϣΪ֮
Ϊ֮ڱ¶ӡ
ɣΪʲôҪô
׷޷޵ѵǾ˽ս𣿡
ЦȻҪܣֻҪǼ㹻֤֣ȰмЩս춯

»صԷʱ޺ݽţӳ¶һź
½ˣӳæ
˫ľͰĵҎ
³ӳµȥ

ߵ齱߶£Ҫȥϴš
æƿ֣ͷ£Լ
ǿץõĽŽˮΪϴţͷ
򴽿˵ˡ
ϴر棬·ľǴΪϴŵġ
κ̧ĽÎˮʱһüĽˣ˵꣬һֻ˿ô׳ˣ
þִٵع˹ֺͷͷ·߶˾ͻ˯һȻȥġ
Îõ˫ŲɣŲϷźã˵յˣǻҲͬ㿪
һΪΣ
˫СţÿرģնҪˣȻսЦ˵ҿɲҹҹһ˫С˯
⻰˵̫¶ǣߵöʱģæƲֵ˵滵
Ȼ°ͼⱻ˾ס
µ־תԵ̧¡
¹һЦףס
úܿ챻һݡ
ۼһҪϲˣɿĴָָε´࣬Ŀ繵
΢΢һ
ƺǻշµ񡭡ֻƺ
ðûӦµָͷƵĴ꣬ɤƵءţһ
Ͷغɡ
ɫһ٣ȻЦԺͽɡ˵꣬ϥôᱧ𳯴ȥ
һǲ۵µĻܿ˯ˡ
°õĳע˯ա
˯տ޺˭õǰȴһѷ˵ո˿ʣ֮¡
ãܰҡҲӡ
ԳЦһ¡
ģ̰֪߱ģҲǱģȻͼҪõİġ
ѮһƬæµ
ΪϾҪˣڰʮգǡͬһգ¼ںĵһʥ˺ͻʺټʳֵȥ׼һ¡ص硣
ʥʺأ޷Ķѡ
ˣжڴʥ˸ƫ£̫֮λԺһµġ
ʮһ磬ȥ˽ãùźæ׼һ˵ȥı˳Ϊٵơ
һвӦģæ˸ݳõš
л󣬴ӳȥˡ
˱£ðݹٵƣɽתơ
ܿ죬Īߡ
ĪߴغɽɽɽŴһĵլӡ
ǰһլżװдİսµ鷿УȻ˼װЮٽ鷿ȥ
ü˰
ⶫֻҪܻа취Ūģ²Ժ˻ᣬ˵ⶫ֮ȥҲý췴ζ
˷ӣ۵׺࣬˲٣һ㲣Ϊ¥ٵĵİɡ
ҲǣôཨӴ鱨˵ûûˣܲģ
һ˿ɹĿУƾԴҲỳɵ¥ΪΪӵôʱǸ֪¥Ĵڡ
˵¥ˣǻٵҲ¥ʦ̫ˣֻҪٸʱѰһ¥Щ鲼ڳġӡ»ʱݻˡ
ԣܸϢĻᡣ
͵ӵģȻҲñŰͬӳ뿪ˡ
ò֪ǣڲԶİɽϣѽپ۵ס


51

¸, ¸ڵϣһ㺮˪
ʯ, һһظԼžơ
һԵڿȥˣ޺޵, ȥˡôҲû뵽, þȻӵˡ
׼
ӵˡ
žһ£ױؿ, һһظ˵, ׼, 
£
µ֪ӵˡ
ʲô, ֪, 㻹
תͷԳЦǿߣͲðһĶ
׿˵ˡ
ս, ҹĻ, ͬĬˡ
˵ʵ, Ҳ֪, ΪĶġ
һжˣӵŴ֮, ͼ췴
ػһ, ЩıƵȻóѣµþȻǡ
ٸһλᣬͲѡӡ
үȥ, Ȼܿ콫ѡĻ͵µ
ŵŵš
ˡ
Ѹɫָ糣
׽䱸ؿ¥ݿڡ
ܿ죬ߺȼ¥ݿվһİӣЩΪԼҴ˵طƳʯԵϤӰ󣬶ʱȻ
Ҫ˵ּǰʯϷ˼ƣлŨŨľæ첽ǰе£ôˣ
¼ǸߺգĿһˣϢˣ
ߺɫصصͷˡ
-
Է
һݱ֧ȥ޹ˣֻӳһţԼڽҿ齵壬ӽǸ˴¡
ţӳæش˾䣺»ˡ
»ˣ
˵ҹҪֵܺŻ
æغãϴ壬ææӡ
ǡʱſˡ
˽ӣװâһӡ
Ѹٵת齣Цӯӯؿ£ɻˡ
¿һ۴齣ôӣЩ֮½ˡ
úߵ涼ɵϢҲϲ㴥
ԣؿһۣ˹ȥ
һöü΢ǼʣºȾˣһ˲١
鸴ӵͷš
ߣһȥ°һѾ
۵׻һ˿ʧǶôϣöһΪʲôȾƣ֤Ĺں
ûС
תһסõ֡
ûعؿ
µͷõС֣ȥ鷿жҪ͸㡣
鷿
ĿڿһĪЩ
ʲôʡ
һЦȥ˾֪ˡ
ֻøȥȪի
һ鷿ͼϯµĽ̺ϹһˣӰʹϸˣվˣһǸߺգһʶ־Ƶġ
̣öʱдҪʶסŲסµڣָŵϹŵϸʣɣ˭
¶ؿˡ
񡭡̫ġ
һӾԼ̤ĳרΪ׼Ƶģæɿס֣һС䱸ؿ¡
¼Ľ䱸Ŀھһۡ
ʱϸż춯תϥ⣬̧ͷ˹
СӣϸͻȻ󺰵
һ㶣תӣǸ˵
һ˲ֻһѪৡһ³ţ죬
ϸˣԲ̣
ϸѸϥеǰһסõ˫֣ۣۣСӻţСӹȻţסõֱ߶߳Ϻţɣˣ֮鱣ӵİūҵС˰
˫ϥһס´βżһ仰û
գΪϼȫǳˣ룬ﾹȻš
οĵҡͷūһּһ˵ţͬµشСӶɴˣﶼϲˡ
õıỨܿģ˫ۣҲƲסһͷ˹ȥסίؿ޺
ϼźǰΨһһΣݴޡ
ﱧסã۵ظͷGGؿЦӦ
һԵĸߺպ׸пǧضһۡ
ʱǰһסϸˣһסãȻˣ˵
òᣬƫͷȥĿ̹Ȼؿ£֪ˣ
ʵݡ
ȻҲһ»ݣŻ˰вû뵽ҳˡ
£֪á
ô´ʣ㻹֪ʲôˣȻݣ϶Ҳ֪˭ˡ
µ֣ӡ
ԣõѸȻѾ֪ˣ֪ӵˣȻµ񣬹ƾһ죬ȻѾͲˡ
ܸܲ£һصˣڵרΪ˸ӵˣ
ǣ˹֮ɱ˵²ţʱҲǻơ
ЩԣæסСʣСӣǻẦ𣿡
£ȻǿЦҡͷοᣬġ
Ȼ֪һ¾ôþñطһ£ƭһʱ
︧˸ؿڣһǾͺãǾͺáָָߺգǱߵĹ˵ڳҪҲŸģǻˣҺ㡣
ÿһ۸ߺգߺմõͷ
ȻȥɼʹʵҲֻ˵ƭǣ˵йأǡ
ͻȻϵľת䣬Ȼˡ
ӦǿȥӣҲ˵ڱ·һУпܶµ
ΪҪϣҴݣֻຼļʼɣãͨһЩ顣
ܳʲôĿģ˷Щʸ
굽׷ʲô£ɿЩϼŵĶʲôˣ
ἰ£һ죬ҡͷūҲ֪ЩʲôˣūʱСɾ첹ѣȻ洫ūȥʱÿмŵԷʱСɾʱԺͬСϣЩǳ˾ͿСȾܣСɾŵԭشޣūͳϱСɾܡ
þģǸʱӵܸж຦°Ȼߡ
ūСɾյ£бͻȻðһͱūһǡ÷ǸʱˣūСɾͷˣ˹ȥסǺˣ÷˿СɾӣǺ˾ͷִūһ
ҧгݣʹر۾
ӵܾǸʱɱ˵İɣһΪ˻סӵܣŻرסӵܣǺһġ
ūѾǵˣֻǵõػǰūǺϳһ˵ţͳһƵݸá
һò׽ѹ¡
Ȼӹƿһۡ
ͫȻһ
յͼǡ˵ơ
ǡ
ˣ
лҪ˵ѾûˣҪʼ㱼ˣɽ󰡡

52

ú, ƶסһ㣬ԭһؿڡ
۵ؿ, 뿪˵Щʲôֲ֪˵ЩʲôǺá
ʱ, ظһͦ, ۡһǰһѪ, ֱһ
ŵõڵϡ
˶һ
泶ȥæǰ§ס
һקסµ, ̧ͷɲǼ, ˫峺ˮѪһƬ
ں޽ӵ, , ѳ˵ˡ
˵꣬ͷһ, µĻ
μǰǸҵҹ
ǰ, òһ, ߸˵׼ؼ, ·ϣլķ̹µһ, Ⱦլķȥ
һ, ҹĻ٣վլǰƿ޻ţһ, һŨŨѬѪ
ȿȡ
Ǻؿ
ҹĻУϼûһƬУԺӵĵϺ˵ǵʬ壬һʱ侹˼
ôʲô£
ĵѵӵǻ棬Ҳ˲ϺˣŻŵܽȣһңһ溰
Ү

ӵܡĶ
ǰԺʬ壬ѪɺӣҾ御
Ȳŵ棬߿ޱ㺰ײײԺܿ˰סԷ
һԺӣԷ죬ԷĽ£ﱧӵһţһֵӰĺ󱳴ӵܵ
ӵܣ˺ѷεغžҪ˹ȥ
ʱԺ洫һǱ߻лڣ׷
ۼžҪϽݣͻȻбһ˽ס
̧ͷһǰҮæקŰҮӣָŻİǣҮӵǡ
Үؿһ棬˵
ɰǡ
Үͷ侲ؿһ۰ӵܣ˵˾䡮ҡȻ󼱼ææرܡ
ˣֻſڰҮļͷŰӵܵӰʧڻ
ҮԷСŴ˳ȥᳵ·ǵԺǽԣصؿһܣʲô׷Ƶġ
ּ£Ҳ֪ϼҵ׷ʲô£Ϊ֮е˶ˡ
ʣҮ׷ʲô£
ҮῪǽߵһɫʯͷǽϺܿ¶һһҵĶԭһ󱻶ˣ֪и˲ࡣ
Үץס˫𼱻ǵ˵ǳǳҮûʱˣǰҮĴǰҮϼҴ֣֮㰢ͰӶȥˣҮʣˣϽӳȥһҪúûţסҪͷжԶӶԶҸطԶҪˡ
ҡͷ£ҮҪһߡ
Ү߲ˡ
ע⵽ҮϺѪɫֱȫѪٿĸȻиѪôʧɫǻòӣҮˣأҮǳǳ
Үᣬһַ̧ȫѪתͳһݸǳǳҪޣҪ£ţǵ˻ᣬĹˣһ
˵ţԶڴ󺰣Ǳߣ
ߣҮѸٽƽǹСֻݵСͨһ붴Уֻǰ޷תͷ
ÿٵ˹ȥһתͼҮʯڶסˡ
ҮҮҮƴĴǽڡ
ǽǱߴҮĴߴǳǳߣһҪúá
Ȼֹ͵סͣ޵ػҶ
εؼסҮĻһҪúûȥƴܰܣڶ㿪Ⱥ׷ɱˡ
ϼţϼйصߵߣܵñܣ޷ģ޹ຼǣջһؤҲΪˣЩ׷ɱ˷Ҳˡ
ֳĽֱ߽ ̯ϵļϼһ£
úõһŵڣ˵žͱˣҲ֪˭ŶûȻ˵첻죿
˵ϼǱ𣿡
ʲôҰæѹҿ˵ϼҵţԲŲ鲻Ȼġ
˻
ϼҼѧһ˽Σ˹εĲ·š
һһϵԲԣѧֻһϰգûŵ֧֣ҹȻ˽Σңຼֹ̻һҡΪͬŴͨһùθ߼˽׬ȡǷ߲֪˭ֵȥˣʥ˵֪飬ǡϼұţžͽлȫƵ޶֤ϼͷϡ
ãЩեǰѪǮ˭ǻã
סǱӣҮΪ˺ƣӲôˣ˵ʲôŵĴҡϼǸⱾйأϼ˴龹Ȼѹȥˣ˲šһֱຼ취ȥ˵ȥ˳ͿԸ״ðҮǾǰ
ʱؤǼã˵һŵĵط
Ҳǻؤ֪ؤҲǷ̵ֵģؤҪɽͷȻͻᱻ۸էǾ۸Ǹˡ
øϽߵһ¡
µµ
ʱӴһҽУѾûˣۻ軨
ͻȻ¼Ƶͷõ¡
ĳ͵ģֻûûüȥܵؤһϵ˹ѵϵͷȫˡ
òֻͬżһྐྵȻһͷæؼҪС
˭֪͵ߣһֻ˹
Ƿؤһҧҧʵ̫ˣ᲻ýȥǸؤһѶ˹ȥǰһţҲض
ҧס´ҿһû۸ҲЩؤݱرϲ۸ǸСˣһϲһ۸ֻҪһһ£ػٴ⵽ҵȺŹ
ʱһֻĽ͵ļžһڲԶ·ϡ
һǷ𣺡ճ¯Ľл˭Եľ͸ү
ѭ̧ͷʮ⣬վŸŻȴɵĹӸ磬һຼӵܡһ߱ޣūͣһǣһֻëȮʮ׶
ΪЩؤֻƴȥ˭֪˵ЩؤǲȥƵ㣬ûһ˸ǰȥ
û˳𣿡ü˱顣
ؤӦ
ʵǶˣǰ׳ŵһ˹ȥǽлԣͷһ۽лã͵͵̧ͷһǸ竹ӡ
竾ͰЦһ¡
㣬ôлһڣû뵽ζ
ֵͷ˼ڣΧؤ״ֱˮȴû˸ǰ
ð˼ʱݵسֻëȮ˳ļȥ˺
ëȮʱַ˹ڷӦΪʲôûؤʳˣԭǶȮʳ˭Ȯʳ
ŵüУ˽лȾܡ
һСܵùһֻ׺ĶȮۼҪȮҧϣǡ;һӳҲûľͳ˽ȥ
ʱ˴ȣˣ
òܲ˵ڳﴩȥȮҲ׷˽ʱһ󼦷ɹ
Ŷţÿǰͣһıһе˳ͷһϳ󱳽ų򣬰ҳһ¡
Ȯԭ˫һԿ֣Ȼ˺󵨣ҲҾţɫʱһ䣬ææسǶȮһĿڡ
ǶȮһٻŤͷͳȥˡ
鷳ĶȮɿˡ
ӺײŻָƽ˼ðĳͷſϣæǳ⣺ĶĽлӣ
ñ۾ɸй
˼òקһ߶ݺݵغ𣺡
Ҳйҧҡſǲ֡
š
ڴһƬ̺󣬳¶һűĿˡ
ˣΣǷɽ֮ͬຼ㣬̲סۡ
æ񣺡¡
Ƴһã΢΢һü˾䣺ʲô֣
ûع񣬴Ŷµϣǳ
ϣüԸʶѧ壿
Щ˳Ϊ£һ̽ʣǴӳĹˣ
һۣͷǡ
˵ѧҰҮ
ԣھһϸϸؿһۣԵϵ˷Ըȴȥ

ñ˴һլԡǸµģ¶Сű˴ǰȥ
Ůߵ£Ů ߵݵ
ĵʣ˵ϼұһ£
ǡ
ɡŲյ˵±֪ηּѲຼΪຼ˽һ˵㰢ҮǴ˰ı֮һ֪£
һֱҮ֪ҮЩ£Үɻ£Ͱ͵رҰҮҰҮıǺˡ
ȴָǿ㰢ҮǸˡ

ҮȷʵǸˣ޿ɱ粵
˻޻˵ҡͷ̾ȷʵ

ʱ˿̣Լף԰Үһֻ֪޲ϼ氢Ү
²յвϼҼǱţΪ㻹ţ
ҰҮҡ
΢΢һ׷ʣǰж˵ʲô
õͷУҽһ¼Ĺˣһ
ۣʲô¼
ý¼ȡСطϣһԵ̴ӽ¼ȥݸ
һ飬ϵıްġ
κ¼¼ܸ˽һйأˣ¼֤ݣˣģϼһ£Ҳ᳹鵽ס
л¡üߵһͷ
ȱԲԲȱתһ¹ȥˡ
⣬ϼ˼·ضѡ
Тع·ضǰһֽǮһ˵Үϼŵڱ²ˣຼμëأΪ׬ǮƹγЮຼĸź̧μۣٱЩӽĹθ߼۵գ׬ȡϴ°¶ˣëΪҸŹ̿ϼšҮӵܣѽë֮ڷպëؾͻնϼҴѱڿ԰Ϣˡ
գ֪ҪسϢæȥãһߡ
ȴߴӲ֮ˡ
ĵֻҪ¿ŮŮһŬΪԵ֮ˡ
Ȼ˶õˡ
ٶȴβ˳ȥһֱͷ
ȻˣǾۡ
µ
ֲ̧ȥβˮۡ
ͷϷϤ黨ʣԷĴϡ
ƫͷȥڲԶϣ衣
أʡ
תۿޱܺã㲻õġ
õͷָű죬˵ˡ
Ǹý泶ºȻǸýǳǳأ
лҪ˵Ϸʸһ£ϲҪˣһ¡

53

Ҳװ, ƿ죬´Ьߵǰϥ¡
ָ΢΢һ, Ȼؿá
óڵ, ֽ, Ůǳຼ, Ҹຼ̣ѧ塣
¿ɬЦһ£ڿϸʵˡ  
ô, һ´, ҶԲ, ҪɱҪϤ, ҲκԹԡ
ҲҪĵǸҲҪ, ֱֱض۾, ֻҪġ
ģúȻЦ, ЦЦס, ľȻͶˣҲˡ
ǰ, ڵƽ, ֽ̧ҵķ˿ֽۣϵøɾ̧˫ס֣ص˵Ǿһһ
, 𾪵ؿŵغ¡
ɡ¾

ȴôҲвڣǻȻɬỨ˲ģ˫ۡ
˳һãһЦ룬㾹Ǹް
æ̧˫ֲᣬһȻֽƻص޺á
²Եؿ
˵š˵꣬תصϣƿ죬Ų壬ڴµĴȡ˳ֻصԭλù£߾ٹͷ
·ĿȻһΪö̹ϡ
֪Щ黹ҪԼ˵ʲô
̧ͷؿᡣ
ñ㽫ʶαãݺһһʮȫ¡
˹ȥùǸһԵĵϣôᱧ
þһæסĲӣգ㷲ؿ
ЦŽ棬Լرߣõ˫ȷԼϣߣĿ죬һֱ쵽ϥ棬¶ϥǹǡ
ΪùѾˡ
½ȵĸϥ࣬һʣ𣿡
޷İµĹذȣȴֱǿ˻ȥֵ˵ôҪǿ
Ųˡ
κʣ㲻𣿡
һ࣬һ̧ͷƳʲôɫ̫ˣԵת

˵һ㶼ǼٵģǰȥݣվɽĮĿǱӣԹ޹ĸñǧţˣʬҰһ˲䣬еԹ޶ۡ
ǣȥڽʬѰ˳ˣΪģĹǻ˾
ţҲҲǻŵİɡ
κŪˣ䱨˴ȴ
ǰҲãͿȥˡ
թӦ·һɲǶ˸͸ѡ¡
û뵽Ȼˡ
һ䲻Ϊ˳޶ҲٴصǰޣֻĶػҪػˣãǸҪػˡ
ãĿ飬ΪʲôҪ㣿٣ĿǰΪֹҲûܵʲô˺һתеСС־ôڻӦ׬˲Ŷԡ
ҲԣһеļƻѾƻˣ²ûΪܵǣҲûΪٽ㣬ʹ硭
磡
һѸŤͷһ۴⣬Ȱףˡ
æסµ֣ˣ磡
ȴŲæؼϥǣʲôˮڣҼ֪ӵļƻϲóѣ˵᲻ô
ӹƶˣ˼ȻܻյıУǷҵļƻʧܣһһƻܷǧѷĺûġ
ºȻ̧ι˾õ
ɵסˡ
Цܱ㵣ģá

ڣ˵ʱ
½õĿܷ£еĲõһȲݹȥ˵Ѿȡˡ 
ȡʱȡģ
ɤӣѧӹһҹżж񺮣Դѣʣȡ硣

ԣȻ֪ȥ¼ˣԭͶһȻˣҲӦ֮ߡͻȻµ˼ıӣһ
ǰ¾Ϊδ֮ģħ֮ӵĵǹضգδػӡ
¼÷չȥʣôˣ
Ѹջ˫ȣŲŲٴιɣһ¡
²õôֹˣ׷һĹ򡣡˵ţȥ
ȴִ㲻ӦҾͲ
ɫʲô£˵
һȥຼ˽һ
Ƿּǰȥຼ˽Ȼȴ˲ȥϼţҪôҮʲôҪ֤ݸйأҪôĹ˽һйء
¿϶Ҳ뵽ЩºȻȥຼ˽
֪ϼűࣿ
֣صͷ𣺡ǡ
˽һϼǧ˿ƵĹϵһҪ
ңһҪµ
ãҴӦ㡣³֣ε˵ڿ˰ɡ
Űֵݸסһѽ÷Цǳǳôϲ򣬲ȥϹţû
գ৵һ£һ·쵽˶¡
¹ȻˣǰһϷ
һȴ˹ȫмܲס
¡գȬˣգӵȥӦîˣ߾ȻһεСͯһʱǵؽһ档
ߺձźһֵ߽ȴºòϣһ裬һ˵ЦͲСֺˡ

ǹݺòã
۹۱ǵ˵ǰ£Щйຼ˽һľڡ
ָָԵĿλϡ
ߺճһ£Žڶ˹ȥ
µȥʱûˡ
ߺȴվԭز
һߺջڣüؿ
ߺյ»һҪ

ǡߺֹؿһۡ
ò²ߺв֪Ҫ̸Ȼرܡ
ءס˻ȥתߺյˣ
ߺֻһ¤ʹ˽·ǮƣԶһ뺵ķʽ˻ص¤ҵǮ񶼱͵˰Удȥ¤Ҳ
Ժ˸ڳפ㣬Ͻʥ´ʥãݹԱͳ֮͢䴫£תگ⣬ڳĸֿ̼뺡
ν뺣˽ۻɸפڳĽԺɽԺʹ󣬿һ֤һ˱װ󣬵ȵﱾ֮󣬱ôȥ߹ýж֡
ˣԺʱд˽Ǯ͹ȥ뺣һװ󣬶Ҳȥ·ϱ˴ٵķաԺҲר˶ڽƲͻظ߹ȥ
뺶ֲֵ֣⡮·Ǯơ
»㾯¤ҵԺͬĻͲòˣȥ鰸ȡֽʣдһŽߺա
̽ͻҵ壬ȥף԰Žף춯ȥһ¤ң¡
ףߺմ󾪣ΪԼˣȷһ飬Ƕʡʣ

ߺյɫ˲ˣ׾ȻţһеһȻǸվڵߵ˭ˡ
׻ţѾʼֵ̫֮ˣָˣ
ߺߺÿ£ʣϻʱ̽ʹˣǴǸʱͿʼˣ
¼м˵⣬ЦŴսôΪǼ
ҡƲͷ
°˹ȥֽ͵ǸͻǱ뾩׸ҵĽͷˣߵʱǡöϣڴµУǴةͬ磬ҵ˻˻ȥҹӣԡ
㻳ͬ˻ͻһģ

ĬȻʱȷʵôɵġ
˵벻ţҲʶǸͻˣˣҵǼʶҡ
ˣ˲ʶ˵ǰмģﰵвܼˣѾԶˡ
׷κӹȥһУ§һȥˣᡣ
ñٽͣתһ룬±ǰӣܶҲһʱ˵ģǵԺһ͡
ǡô£иһӼҴҵ˽˭֪ײ§Ǹͯҡ
ŵתȥͰ͵Уˣŵǹģ棬״£ͣ״ӡ
æƿδض˶գ°ɡ
۸Ͻǿ첽Ų鰸ԣӣһ¸ˡ󣬾һ̵ܳȥˡ
εޣĿ˸ŵæȥңȿЩڡ
һģǺЦ
ǽã»ͷص鰸ǰ⼸նѻɽİĿ̫࣬һСĽͽ״ѹˡ
ðһطຼ˽һľڡ
Ȼԡ
´Ӱ̧ͷüʣʲôԡ
ɫصЩϵ˲ԡ
лҪ˵£ҺǸԣеɵء
ߣûϵ谮ˡ
쿴жһᵽŮ̺»⣬˳һ¡
1ʾŮһ£ΪŮʱʮ꣬Ү飬δˣǸ˼еԵĽС㣬ҮǰһԱĲӣĹˣŮ˵ˡ̵·˻͸¶ʥຼ鰸һ¡ΪǳĹˣȻ͡ˡ
2䣬ҪҪɾģֻٲˣΪ潫ϼŵӡ˽һľ˳ŮΪ˲ϼź͹˽ȥຼȥຼеǸŮµǱ¼ġдŮǰΪʲôΪݺ£ö߾Ůǰ費

54

, ·аߣʣ㶼֪Щʲô
˼ŵҰҮǰһ¼, ¼ϼ֣ǰٺ, ̻滹, ʱΪС֪Ǻ, ֪ЩһҪ㽫Щȫ, еһຼμ࣬ëء
㵱꽻ӵǱ¼
ǡõ, ӵҲ˵¼ϵ˻˽һй, Ա㽫¼ȥ, صĹԱ̼֣Ϊ׵ë, һͬ¼ϵһ
ѧǱ¼ǵö˽һȾĹԱ, Щϳë, ˳, Ǿ˵Ҫôھڵ˱˶ֽţҪôϵЩ˶
ɫصҵðһຼˡ
Ҳȥòһվ, ڴ, ԴⳤҲδعຼңȥ
·ס, ͷãһຼ
պ´ŸߺգԳϵȼ֣ȥݲ鰸׷Ϊɣ뿪˳
·ϣȴøߺմԳǼݽԼĵתȥຼ
-
ຼ⣬ϼصء
ֽǮҮӵܵķͷϣ겻ضϵĲ񳤵ñ˻ˣˣñǼһᣬȦ˲ˡ
ڵϿʼȼֽǮݵҮӵܣǳǳˣϣǲҪǳǳ̫ˡ
ʱ𼸸ȼҪݣæסүܲ𡣡
Ϊ󡣡˵꣬¹򣬾ϣǷģڴģһֻعġ
ƫͷؿĸߵͷǸж
Ϻ󣬶ֽͷϵĲݰˡ
ຼʱѽ䣬ȴϼҴǰ
ưܲġլҶбڸ߸ߵͷ棬£ͻҳ
ҵļҡ
վ⣬һ̧ƿ޻š
ųصһ֨ѽŴˣӳһƬ档
꣬һѴѾϼҵ˸⡣ʱñ׷ɱͷ֮ҲֻԶԶضĵسլͷһۡ
ҲΪϼţԣôȥˣլڻάŵĲ״ǰ
̤լĲ״ֻǳƺȼţѪɺӣغʬ̲סʼ
£ڡʱºȻֵ
һůڣ˲ȶõٴһƽȥҰҮ鷿ܲҵʲô
š
˴ǰߵԺլѾǰǳٵزˣֻʣ¸ԫϱڻڣᳵ·Ү鷿
Ȼ鷿Ҳˡ
ûˡòЩ
µɫҼҿջͶޣһ磬ȥϵʿ
Ȼصһͷá
˾ڸһϵȿջҪһϷ
ԴӴլ˾ԵƲ֣ùź飺˵ຼҹɫ̲໴˵ľຼӵҹԸȥͣ
£ѽ
˪ԭȥ￪ʼתۣຼº͵ȴ紺գؿջǺ͸Ѥ쵡
ຼͬڳϸ˵ΪʱǰиҵЪĶЪˣҲûаջε
úŻһ·й䣬ŷʢ̸̬֪ͣͣУһ߿׹¡
ţúȻͣͷĻ˴
ڿʲôأʡ
ûعЦЦûʲôֻ𡭡ʱһβ¡
ԣͷһæ

Щʶ
ѹżʣʲô䣿˵
룬ջǿ˿ڣһС磬ʱǸСһɫĺãġòվͷĻ£ͷѩ񻭾һһδ˿εС磬ע⣬ҵʱϣͯҥȻ˹
أµ΢΢Щ
ʱ龰úЦЦѩң˵ѩңǸˣǺ«͸˭֪ͻȻεˡ΢΢Ц⣬ԭǸСŸȣҪؾܳѩ˷磬ԲŻͻȻεҺͰҮͰ͵˶ҽȥˡ
ٺأ
ٺúȻ䷴ӦЩԾΪλԴ׷ʣĪΪǰ׷ˣˣ
ֻڨڨЦһ£Ҿˡ
Ȼȴضؽŵˣ˵Ӻɷ򡯣Сһ㶼ɷ򡣡
㣿õһ𾪵ص¡
¼С˭סηȥŸлȴϡǰȴһǺ«͸С磬˵´ټʱһ͵ˡ
ŵش£Ŭڼغϣǵü۾˵ƣôȻûϳ
㣬ǸǸС磿
ǳǳҲû뵽ǶǰǸСǳǳԭǸξħ֮ԭǸСǳǳģԭһ˵
ˣգΪλͯҥӦôΪ
ԣΪͯҥſʼҵģ
ףǡ
ͷӶЦþòƺǧǲǳ
ԸƿԸƿǣһ·
ȻȻµֻ֣ȸԾСһ˹ȥ
ߣҴȥŻơ
յƣһյʻҪ˱ʺֽʼֽǩдԼԸ
ʱԥдĸ֣ѩޡ
ƳһõԸ󣬷Ŀ΢΢һ
ýֽ÷ڻŻƻڷ㶣ߴɣдԼԸ
ֻЦùֽʣҪʣ۹ؿһЦ˵Ըʱñ˿Ͳˣ㱳ȥ
ɨ˵ƲƲ죬ȴҲԹر˹ȥ
˭֪¾Ȼֱӽֽıд֡
òԸŤӣôұдˣֲ鰸
𶯣ԸйأȻҪıһá
˵棬˲ͣˣصȴдꡣ
Ըһģײ롣
Ը
дȲת뿴дʲô˭֪Ѿ÷ŽȥˣʧƳһۣԼĻתˡ
ºЦؿõıӰȥ
ӱߣҪŻƣºȻסԼĻƣʣ벻뿴
öŤͷ롣
ҷˣ
òӻͷĬĬؽԼĻƷŽˮС
¼״ҲԼĻƷˮУõĻƺ棬һˮƮȥ
˾͵ڰߵĽϣųԸĻƽнԶ
ҹŨʪԸر˱ӣƫͷһ̧ۣƹļͷ£䲻һ䣺
Ըһģײ롣
Ī
ŤͷעҵԸǡԸһģײ롯

˵Ըйء
ԣԸһģġģ
лҪ˵ӸԵġ

55

õһʱٸн, ĶΣ, к¡
ĶΪ£Ҳ, Ϊδ, Ϊݡ
֮䣬̫ȥĿ, ŲµĽᣬʹ޷, չ
£ֻб, Ը, ǸҪ, Ǹֻֻ
, ñ󡭡
, ջһԸͷϵĺŮˡЦ˵
µɫ˲ȥ, ıӴ̵Щܡ
ҼֱµĿ, תͷźڳĺ棬ƶ緱ǣµѲ֪Ʈȥ, սԶ߸߷, ҲսԵ֣⻨һܿܿ԰á
ǲ, ӣ˰κºȻʡ
һ£Ťͷޱؿһͷǣһ
һ˲䣬ڵķĿʲôˡ
ʱʱ̵̿šҪӵҧ˵ꡣ
°һ
ף˸ÿһЦΪ˳һѽһʱܲʵԴʱֻűѩޡ
ֻҪûӣеʱĽһ
ǳǳºȻ
ʶ̧ͼ¸׶̼串Ĵ
ҪˣĴˣڴ֮ͥˡ
µº͵üۣͻȻ޷˵طһΣһΡ
ǣΪסµĲӣ
𾪵۾ԭĴǳֹһ£˭֪ĻӦͷֵ˲һɨգȡ֮Ҿ
ãŶ˲ŷֿ
õѾ̵Ŀˣ̧˫ָϽסգͷԼĽż⡣
½£һģʲôҶȥ
ǵЦ΢΢ֹ̣غɡ
ºȻٶ˵һ䣬Ҿˡ
ã
գðռеǱ¼Ĭдһ󣬶ȥѰˡ
еöʱ˵󲿷ΪͻСʶԣȥʶˣȥ˼Ҹ̵լӣլӻķãˣһѯе˵Щˣе˵Ǽ̰ˣ֮䲻
óΪֻɺϣһգȥѰϵˡ
ǰ˽һйظ̺͹ǣһԼƵģǵǲ֪١
ˣÿԶ϶˽һضй
ӡ
յ˸ߺյķɸ봫飬ԭǸߺѾĸຼռ
Ҳ޼£еѾӴɾˡͽͼ޹ʮɥ
µߺǽʷ׷٣ҵģڣֻ°빦
һһЩ
¼Ϊ鰸ոۣսݣ㽫鶼£ȥຼõľ¥һ١
㷹󣬶ڽй䡣
Ƽ·СϷ׷
һһذףͷϰһϲذסݡ׷СһߺվסЩħܣҪΪǻġ
ħ֡Ц˹ۼ׷ħ֡æΧú´ת
Ȼһץסһħ֡ذ׾ͳħ֡Ķͱȥ
ü״ŵشʧɫҪȴؿǸħ֡ذ׵ȥ
ŤͷŵضǸּӡħ֡ϰγذףֳһħ֡ͱȥ
أһץסˡôɱʱȴذϸûѪڵϵǸħ֡ӵͷ

ƤǣȻƭ
šš׼úýѵǲ׼ŻʱͻȻ֪СӣһѶˡذףȥؿһۣͷ棬ûȥŰҮ˵꣬Ȼ˶ҡڵˡ
Ҫȥ
֣ȥץסǸСӣҵĶҡ
Сӻһ˦첲ƵڵϣݺݵҿеĶҵġ
ܻȥдˡ
óСӣʱЩ˵죬һʱ벻ֱҵйء
תͷһۡ
ºܿ⣬߹ȥ˵ذ״С˻棬Ǹذף˵ӲԶֱһиذһģһ
Сһ£ҪȥذףһģСſ˵ϡ
ŲСƨϣյؽҪѹϥϣСӶʱôڶˡ
СӼſڵֱȣһצش󺰣ңҪȥҰҮ
°ذףĵʣ㰢Ү˭
Сӽ˵ҰҮǴүëء
ԣöһۡ
㰢Үຼμëأ̽
С첱Ӵֵغ֪ſң
óµһͷ³š
СΪˣӵ󣬾ȻִҪȥذס
ҡ
¾ٸذףüĶΪʲôҪ㣿
СӴ򲻹£ֻöݺݵ˵ƣͻȥҰҮǶץ
ʱиС˼Ҵҵ˹סСӵ־͵Сүһת۵Ĺôˡһ̧ۣǰվİˣСһĨ飬æС˲أСγǴӦүģǵģɫˣСĻȥɡ
СӺ޺޵¶һۣظСˡ
ຼ⣬ҹˮɽһƬڡ
ɽ£ɽϽһСլԺլԺԱпøߴïܵĻúڼ䣬ССӲ鲻ԸؽԺС
ʱﴫһĺ£
СŵһϥһѸٹԺӵĵϡ
иŻθ̬Ӵ︺˳
СС¡
ȵ˵ϵü˺ͫʶȻһ
Ȼ
µëأ
ת׵С˵ͷһҰҮ٣ڸ磬ëҲˣʱ͸һ壬ҼǵĳࡣѹëصĶӾ;Щ죬СӼֱëؾһģ̳ġ
üҼǵðϼأѾնʾˡ

óĬˣİм٣նʾڵˣʱ˿̾Ȼسǰֻ˵걻ͷǸëأǼٵġ
ܰë͵˽йسԱһҹ֮ȫʧӵ֮ͨˣ˵ּຼѲӣ벻ڶˡ
ʱëغɸֵǲˣ
СӹŲӷϣûС
ôô
СһתæСĽ͵ү֮ǰСɾ˿ڽǣС±Ǹ˸˲·ˣʴ˵Щʱ
ëضʱˣʲôˣ


56

С˻ŵе, áʮֿΣһر欣Ų񱾵ˡ
ͻȻŤͷζشһۡ
ǳ, Ϊ˷㣬һ·ϼŮװĴ, С˵Ǹر欵Ĺƾ˵, ʹȥ绪װ, Ҳɲزסһɫ
ëʣǶ˵ʲô
С׷𣬺Сû˵ʲô
СͻȻ޷޺Ү, ҵĶȥץ
ëһ, ӵɵûԲ, 嵽Сǰ, ʣСӣ˵ʲô
ëش, С¶, ŲС𣺡˵ҪаҮǶץ, ǾҰҮ˭, ˵ҮǴүëأǾҿμëء
ԣëֱ, ֺ̧ݺݴ˴Сӵ, ĭɵغ²Ļ˶Ҹ˵˶ٴΣǻסģĸ뿪, ܽǱ¶ݣ㵹ãֱӰӸˡ
˵꣬һС˿ٷԸԸ׼ʰңҹߡ
С˵үڰɣСĿԷˣ
ëصһۣүү
Сȥˡ
ëԽСԽһŽ˸ͷ𣺡ȥ㰢
СӴӵܡ
ëػصⲽʮֽ겻
ٻʱǰվһˣһϸƤ⣬࿡Сɾ
ëһ£ʣ˭
ʱϢسëر𡮵䣬һƿëصĲӸϡ

ëذһ˹ȥ
һʱëˣһһĨڡ
˶ⷢԼ屻ϣͷǱ˺ڲεǰһĻʱԼæһʣ
˭˭
һͻȻ𣺡ë࣬
ëضʱǱ˵˶ƵģһҶˣðΣһԼɤӣ˭
ĵ˵˭ҪҪ˭ġ
˭ģ

ëϢһͣҳˣѾֹز
֪̫ˣֲ֣ܻຼ˵ȻڶϣţëȻ
ëսսĸˣҪһۣҲѲŴӱ߾ϻġ
˳Ĭһ˲ֵʲôԭѾ¶ܿͻ˲Ҫ㡭նݳ
䣬һѱĵϢĲϡ
ëŵؼУСˣӵƣӲţӾŹ㡭
Ȼͷϵĺڲ͵ذˣëصȻֹ
ؿǰҵĲ񷿡
վһˣʮֿ欣ǰλʱһ˫Ƶĺ۾޺޵ص
һ¿ˮĵĿ级ƽһЩ
ʱٴǵƵģ
ëһŤͷԻվһˣٷ磬һǷͬһʣ㣬㲻ˡ
аЦȷʵǡ
㾿˭
һһˡ¡
ë˫ͫ𣺡㣡
˵Ƶģ

ëսͣڳһ˵Ƿʰ
ЦһذӸ˸ãȡ½װƵ˳Ž
֪ѵкͷ
ëؿǵݺݻһ¡
ס˳гʣö
Ȼ׺ȴεëǰһ
¹⽫ëǰһҸʴ͵ն֮Ȩ
ëعŲӣϻ˵ҪɱҪУϤϤ㡣
½͵ĲϣЦ£ôֲˣ

ëﻹҿѾдˣ֪飬綼Ҫģôһ룬Ҳͻȥˣ۾һգ⽫µĵ͡
µ΢΢һʹĵƫ¼֣ǰĵëضԵǲˣһСδ֪ˣѵǰ棿
ëۣ𣺡㲻Ҫǣ
¹ǾͿıˡ
ë۾һգһڵͷ絷˵˵
¸һʶʱ񡯵񣬱յʣ۰ڳһϴģ
ë̾һ꣬ҵҵģ˵ҽĹοȵϿʼȱʱк̧μۣٽʣµĹҼ̸߼˽ȥһ׬ȡһǮһɸҡ
¼Ȼۡ
ңҵʱһ֥С٣аѱץԲòӡ
һֱֳĬͻȻʣԣɱѧţ
ëز֪˭Ҳ֪ˣҲͣæҡͷɱģȥѧš
ЩʧأߵǰסߣëأΪҪɱѧš
Ϊѧ屻Ƶ˽ΣﲻޣȻн˽εĹԱ͸˶ٹεȫ׼͵ȥ淢ǣ֪ŻΪǿϼš
ԭѧ屻ɱΪıΪҪҷǡ
תȥһãҪܾȳȥţ
ǿˮǿҪ֪һС
µһͷתëأȥ
ȫȥ¤ҵ
ȥ¤ҵ
ҾͲ֪ˡ
ţΣյü
ë˵Ĳ֪ʱѺǮƵĲҵˣǲˡ
ǲˣȺԭΪõȮԴӳӵצ󣬼ֱ޶һգὫȺȮȫˡ
֪Ǯ
Ҳֻ֪ƣûи飬ǰຼѲ˽ʱ͵˵ҪǮ򡭡ʲôġ
ϽƤӴͻģõǮǵ˽ġ
㵱ôģ
һģҴȫС뿪ຼȥ߾
߾³ĸ߾ȥ
¤ͻʵı߾Ĭչȥﻥ⡣
µ鶼Ѿʼˮˡ
̫ӰֵǸµͻˡͬϽ԰ຼĹ˽е
ëؼ˼УﵣļˣֻӲͷƤ˵£˵ҶѾ˵ˣҵļˡ
»عֻҪǾû¡

˭֪͵һ̧֣⧲ëصĲӸϡ
ëٴιȥˡ
ëشźиԼһʧٲˣӡ
ԣԭЩŻʰҵļˣȥһëزˣѰ˰ʱδϼҴڵȫˡ
ɽŵլˣˡ
ߵǰ£ļģһգһ㰢Үϴԩġ
һ£ǿõˮڹ˳һͷ˽µĻʵҰҮȻǱԩġ
˵䰲οĻŴ⴫·ĿһתŴ⡣
лҪ˵˸񣬱ܾոʱ˫


57

˻, һֻҺɫŸ˹˴ϡ
¶һŸ롣
Ÿ̧С, Ÿųµֱϣ´ŸĽȡź, ᶶһֱ, Ÿϳˡ
ô»˲, Ƴչſ֮ɫ˲ȥ
˭ţ
ס½ŵݸ, ˵Ǯȷʵ͵¤ҵ, ˵, ͻʴɧű߾, ɴ¤ңҰ, 岻, , ɱѪѹ, ưͻʹᣬ
šü˼Ȼ, 밲ͻйᡣ
, ҹųһɫźŵ
ʱ󣬸ߺգԳһ˷糾͵ظ˹
һºվڴǰߺæ˹, ʵ£ôԭ˿ջδ˻Ϊʲô飬׼ĴѰţͻȻźŵ
³˵˽һıຼμëػţլӣӵˣǼ̽ѺͻسȲҪ£Ѱصĵطˡ
²ǻȥߺʡ
Ťͷһ۱üҿҪȥһ¤ҵ
¤ң
״Ϣ¤б䡣
ߺ¹¶ֻ꣬Ҫһ仰˴˱ܿȫòôһ˵ߺµǱ߿Ѿ鵽شϢ
һȥ̫Σˣȥ
ֹ̧ȥãû˻֪ҹȥˣë֤˹ϵشѺҲܷģһ¡תͷһãҰǳǳȫس
Ҫһȥ¤ҡ
µ㲻ȥ̫Σա
Ĳȥ˰Ǿ˵ͻʶᣬӺҼҡȻסؿһºȻ֮Ǿѩ޵ĻģҸţұ͵͵ȥ
̾û취תͷߺգ֣µߺգԳϣëؾͰˡ
ߺȴˡ²ǵ°ԳϺ֣´ϡԳϺ֣¶ǽһһĺ֣ڵߣҲЩ
¿һãһ˲ԳϺ֣µܱãͷ㡣
ҹߺձ·һ·ëػسһ·ıȥ¤ҡ
-
ʮպһڽ¤ҵؽ磬Ÿʮ·һ¤ң±һұ߽ϵĿջҪϷһӷˣúһٳ
ڿջѰһžλСܿ콫롣
ԳϺ֣ԭҪһģϾԼϷ壬һɫСͬͣЩڡȴ˵⣬ûô
ԷԳϺ֣¼ûӣ˭Ҳÿӡ
¼״ֻӣһõôõ·㶼ˣԵ㡣
Сһ죬æӣ׼Է
ԳϺ֣ӣԼһ⣬׼͵ȴúȻ˵ţ
˲Եؿ
öüһͷķᣬȻɫص˵ɺҩ
Գϣ֣£ɫһ䡣
¼һţüȻ
ڷ³Ӵľҩһ࣬ɺҩ¥ԣһӾ˳
Ǽƻ¶ҩ֮Ҳˣǻûü¿ӣͻȻ߰˸
ЩСƹ񣬻гӣΧס֮Ҳαװˣ̧һ˺¶һ¾װխֵɱڵضǡ
ؿбһЩˣλǺηʥΪҪɱҵȣ
нĹأֻҪ⣬ٵҲãɱҲãһĽɱ֣ᱨϴɱˣýԩͷծҲԼôĶ֪
ȻЩҲӻ𵶾ϡ
žһ·¿ӡ
ԳϺ֣ͻȻ𣬰εɨȥܿǽ
û˵һ㰲ȫλϣɫؿǰļҴ򶷡
СһЩ˱ԳϺ֣¶ȫŵˡ
ЩֺݾȫʽԳϺ֣·ֻøݵʽԣһǰ˸һڣԳϺ֣ҲЩʡ
Գµһ˵죬˿쿴һֽۣӻصϣת»Щжҩʿ
ʿ
˭ҵʿȻǰ׼ɱǣ
ѲǱϵٱ¶ˣ
ʱ̨洫һ춯
Գವһתǰᵶ͵ضס
ţӹ̨ΡΡ߳ˣ˫ֽԱ
һ׷ԲԵͷϲź;֣磬Ӧòƹ
ηηظһŮӣӣͷͷ󣬿͹ŮŮ
ϲްɱĵңǱЩʿЮֲ˹̨档
ԳǣվԶЩ
ͷǸŮӲΡΡߵøǰͨһ£лл˾л˾
ؿ𡣡ȥͷͷֻΪŵˡ
ʱŮӵͷһ𶶶һʱûվȣһ£ʶһѡ
ȻסŮӵһ˲䣬ŮͻȻһѣ֮ȫһŮӡ⧲תۼͱŮѸٱԷס
ǳǳ´󾪡
𶯣˭ҾɱŮЮѸٺ˵ȫش
ӦҲǴ̿ͣǷ־һؿڡ
ߵһѪһߵײײˣһƨɵڵϣŵؿ£Ȼֱͦͦȥ
ԳǰߵϢȻɫӵسҡҡͷ
𾪵ؿһǸĿߣ޻ֻ֮һͨϰա
ߺߡЮõŮӶͻȻЦ
»תͷضԴ¶İֻаţҲϳ˶Էݡ
ʦ̫
ɫ΢΢һ䣬û뵽Ю˾Ȼʦ̫¥¥ʹ٣Ҳ̵ʱ̽Ҫ
ʦ̫ݱƣҲˣ¶ĵЦһ£к£
½ȭҧгݵȻˡ
ǵƶˡ
ңߵ˳֮˵
ʦ̫ĿȻһ䣬༥һµ£ŲҲɱһ޴޹ϰգ¿ɶԵµ
¶ʦ̫˵ˣֻҪ񸾡
Գ֣Ҳĵذڿ˼л֮ơ
ʦ̫״úΪʹǿҵϢͷֻҪʦ̫ЩܽõĺӲժ
˵˭Ҳ𶯡
սʣסĵĻңʦ̫֣֣ڴģػὫͬ㱳ʬΡ
û뵽¾һһתõϣսЩ˵϶֪㵱Ǻø
˵ţûֻ˵㲻ϧһдɱ¡
лҪ˵ŮֻͼŮĹ磬ΪǰãȫƾŮǸ¼ڰ飬Ůľߡ䲻ǴŮƫŮŮŮĶϷûˣͱ˶ԿӵľߣҪǰеȫԼ١ҲԵľ򡿡
߿ʼĵĹɡ
ӵľ߼뵽׶Σٹ£BOSS³Ȼع鵽ߵ棬ʱľҪβˡ
һ仰Ȿˡ

58

ϧһдɱ
ߣɱ, ǵľֻ·һɱ÷, ˵Ҫ˵ʬǶᱻó޴
Ӹû˹µ, Ϊӻڹﲻɡ
ҲҸ仰΢΢Ťͷ
õܵ, ʦ̫ΪõĻϵսЩ
ڲϵǯɿһ˲, ѸץסԷһŤѸײڶ֮ƽĲһֻĿ, ͬʱ/ʦ̫ؿ
ʦ̫ƺһͷһؿϵĿ, ȻûӦ, ǰȻûסûһС
ȥĻ
ñϾǸ޸֮Ů, ƴȫҲֻܽǿӲһʦ̫ؿ, ɿץסʦ̫, ˫һס, ׼ٴʱ, ʦ̫͵õļϡ
ˣӭպýסá
ú֮, ʦ̫Ѹٴһ˫, ׼׼ŻԳϺ֣¡
״ԳϺ֣һʱҲˡ
ʦ̫һУһֻסؿϵĿӣ˵ֻһ, ȴеľ޴̣úϲˡһҧֺֿݵذγӣ/һ˲䣬ۡ³һѪͬʱֻؽ䱸Գ֣¡
ʦ̫ߺ޵ӵǸӣתãŴ㣬Ȼӡδ䣬ʦ̫ͻȻ֣ȥһ
Գ֣¼״ҪؾȣȴѸ§ȥ
Ƕڵϣܿ챬һ
//
æסڱǣǰʺʦ̫ѾʧӰˡ
׷³
ԳϺ֣׷˳ȥ
ֲһ䣺ץġ
СһԳϺ֣»ͷػˡ
Ṧˡ
üû뵽ʦ̫˵ã˾ȻҲˡ
öԶź⣬ĵ˵¥¥ҪˣǾͲ¥¥ˡ
¥Գֻδš
תͣ¥ӵ鱨أͲڱ´۱£ʦ̫¥¥
Գǰñ´۱ǸضѨԭ澹Ȼһ鱨ء
˼һ˲Ȼʵԣ¥٣Ϊ
ǡ̹Ȼ
ü֮ǰǡԳǲ֪ӵˣй˼ɵֻ˵һ롣
ˣǿʼ¥Ķˡ
Ըش⣬ҵԭҲ֪
һۣԸʵ棬Ҳû׷ȥתԳϵ¥¥ǰڴ˵أɼѾ̽Ǳ¤ҵϢҲһ֪ˣȥΣգԳϣ
ڡ
ǳǳȻس
̧ͷأ
µҼȻѾ̤¤ҵؽ磬ް;ϵĵ
ãˣΪҪߣ
̧ץס˫磬˵ҲκΣա
Цһǰ̫Ҫңյľǡ
ԣɫò˵ˡ
Ҳʾؼֵס
ţ˲Щ졣
ԳϿһ֣£֣һãȻؿԳֻӲͷƤȰ˵Ǹ϶֪ƺ˵Ҳͦе
бۺԳһۡ
Գһ£˵֣ߣ۹۱ǣǹġ
÷סµֱۣǿǹִɣ֪ҵģϼźûб˵ıҲһ߹ˣҲҪ͹һްΧġŮӡ
ǲһֱڳԲŲðգ֪ҲʲôŮӣһֻҪһִס
ȻǸƢεһۡ
Цտ
һԵԳ֣Ҳظ
µȻѾ֪ǵ٣£Ψпӱ޵ĸ¤ңȡǰ档
ԳϺ֣Ȼס
תһǸȥɣ֮ǰȽҸضúˡ
Գ֣æȥˡ
-
Ϊ˸ӵǰ棬һ˲ҹӱ޵سŰ·͵궼ûס˱ڰ·Ҹڷĵطʱ
ѽԽԽͣ;һʱԳȥձֱ̺Щڳһɽפ
ձ̺ڻֿŻ
˸տõĺҪݸãȴöŻ˼
ʲôأ
ûع˼һɣ˵ǵٱ¶һ£᲻˵Ǹйأ
üû˵ȻҲɹֻЩԸŶѣϾǵ갢εˡ
³ĬЦŴ˴֣Ҳ룬ҲֻǻɶѣȻ¥鱨鲼£¥̳ܵشôǵ٣ֻǵǲй¶ǵ٣йأ˵˴αϻǸ塣
һнпܡ½ݸãΪԷһȲ׻ϣ밲Ǻ·Գһ·ڿջй۲죻Һ֣һ·취̽ϢȻٿ
Ҫ֪ûͬͻʹᣬڲܴ̽õĶ֪ʹæҲ޵ģͷҲá
Խ¤Ҹأ·洦ɼڵĸʬ壬ɭɭ׹ǡ
·ϵҲԽһֻмһ·ϼǼ״ǣֶС
Щǣӵһݹ᾵֣Ŀ͵غţ
ڳԵİɡ
кðɣڳԵİɡ
üǰЩ񣬿˵ģ¤ҾڹȻдۼ
ͷһԳϣԳĸóָЩǡ
ЩǵʳеȲؿУеæ˫۽յĺеĿŹ˫лǡ
ԳϺ֣æһ
¾ٷĿĳǰабͻʡ
ô£ɼǱҳʲôӣ뾡ƽϢңþЩˮ
ָյ·ڵ˰⡣
Գȥǰͷ·磬˵ǷڽرԱǷ֪Ϊ˷ֹǣڷˡ
ȥκεطֻҪʾƱԳͨ裬ԳϺ֣ǽйùһǵݾͳױ¶ˡ
Գ˵۲һ£ȻرɭϣЩرƺԹĺ̶ӿıϾɷֻ۹δϸ˶ԡ
ǣԳȥʮ֮һĺ̶ӣװһ£̶ڽ˰
֮һҿջٺãٰԭƻ֣취ȻͬԳڿջȴϢԼΪޣûдӰгǱ취سȱ
֮Զ֮ڣǹʦ̫˻ȥŵʱ䣬Ǳӵ֮ͨǰ̽Ƿͬͻйᡣ
ֱ֣ʹضãȻ߻ʵԶپԼʵˡ
ǹ۲һգźͱŲʲô˳룬ȥһѡ
ֱʱŴӶĲﲻ߳һˣ磬м
״¶ʱ


59

һ΢ġˡȥ, ʱ¹⽫ԼǮڵϣּ, ǰ·ǸˡݣµĶ
ˡͣ, ͷһ, šŸźɫ°ɫǮʶԼ, ȻЦŵĳģҺñʰˡ
ǡˡ߹, ӹǮоͦģǮһ, ﾫ, ʮƬҶ, æüЦǮ뻳Уٴлл̨, ǮȥҪѵ, Ԫĳм
¿ʰ, ҵ֮, 
ԪĳԣһĨɫܿ챻ȥ, ϸϸһ, ʣԭ̨Ҳˣ̨һǷںδ߾ͣ
ҡͷ˲ҵһʿѡ, ȴٳٵȲεĿǰɸڼңⲻоӵ̫ˣӸϳ׼ҵ㹴ıϧĳʱ˲ãҲûѰù
Ԫĳһ˾Լ£ɵ֮ͬģŴ˰Լ˺ôһʺƣŻذһѣµļԪĳֽܹҲԵԪĳţȥվ˱ȥ˶ıһĻĲ¡ּȻܼڣ˵ҲЩµġⰲ󶼻һ򰮲ţŹ˲ţֿĻԣԸȥԪĳԸΪּ
¹ѵزлãǾԪˡ
¾Ԫĳټܿ˶ΪĻ
븮з֪Ļ븮һڲóڸƱѵһ£Ϊ˼ĻǷʵܣд
νߣһԼ߲ߡԼʥߡԼ˲ߡǰ߽Ժ˵Ψ߾˵Ϊ󶼻Ȣһ檣֮Ϊ˺尮檸ˣĻݴʣ檡
ʥʣⰲ󶼻Ȼáߡɼ䲻֮ģҲʼƣȻˣֿɼ֪޵ī
˾Ȼһ߾ɼ͢жи
²ɵЩʽԵҩʼʳʹƽΣͲɵ
Ļڶв߶ΧԷڣҰպҹﻹר˶ĻдߣһһһڼУ޷Ÿ֣´ϢҲ޷ӽ󶼻
֮£ǰֻװģرдߣȴ󶼻޵Ҫҵ֤ͨݿܾͲڴ󶼻޵鷿ڡ
պ½дߣ붼ƱͰߺֱ˲ţص󶼻ټ¡
˵գ󶼻ѯʵľǹġ˲ߡдĵ˭
£
Ȼܸߴ󶼻дˣֻúˡ
󶼻дһ֪̽Ĳѧǵӱʣдһס˲ߡ˵ǡ˲ߡ˵ǡ˸
󶼻ˣֱĴȳޣ󣬾˰ա˲ߡеı׼ȥѰȥˡ
£
󶼻жôĺɫԣԭνġ˲ߡİ檣д˱׼
ֻϣһҪڿջǧҪ
⡶˲ߡȡ˴󶼻ͰߪΪһĻ˶ڲıߵĻС
ĻźͨƲǽǣºܿŪ¤״
ԭԴǰ̫ӰȥͻȻһӣͿʼڱ߾°ᣬӲɴʧЩ㿪ʼǨ㡣һͻʲӶ˰¤ҸأҲδԹصеǿʼȺӵȥ׼״ȴԲڰ·ϡ
Ƿ׷׽ҸͶ𣬿ͻʣ¤ңųΪ˷ͻʣΪѹ壬ȫ¤ǣǣҲ׼˻˲
һĻžڱ󶼻ıߣӦ͢ѹġ
Ϊ治͢һ֪Ȼ߾رһ󣬱һֻһ컹ᷴҧӵĶȮ
ۿ֮ڼ±Ѱһȥһ˺ø֣´Ŷȴиڰи
Ѱ˸ᣬǸ˾һǸڵһŮ
ŮȴǼҪһ
ʣǼ˭
Ů˵ⶼﵱӵĻ˭
һѲǴ󶼻
Ǵ󶼻ҪĸǰͰŶԡ
ⶼӣǴ󶼻ǾǴ󶼻޶󶼻ʣϥµһӣ귽ʮţֺеģӦòҸĻϿΡ
ѲǴ󶼻İϣ˵Ǹ󶼻޿ãϱѳŴ󶼻
ϣãԽȥԺ̽һ´󶼻޵ڡ
ŮشŽһеƫţתת󣬹ȻԺһµСԺ
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Ůߴٵȥ֪ˡ
ȥ󣬷֮˹ȻǴ󶼻İ檣ϡ
˵ǸġĲȻϴɢһɺȴ͸żִҹĺ
ҵǳԼѡ·ӵ
Χ´һȦԽԽޣ̫ǫˡ
΢ɲһüͷʣ֪ĳкҪ£
Ҳûʲô£һһȵתߵϣȥ£̻¶˫磬̬欵زڴϣ˿ͼ
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ҪôݺѲɴŮӵˣѾ֪Լݣ
ԣ֪ˣֱӸߴ󶼻ˣαضһ١
Σ˵ؿ׾
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ʱ֨ѽһű˴ͻȻˡ
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תĿɱضϣ˾Ͳ´󶼻ײˣ
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ϻֻǡ빴ۣºһò绨󶼻ס
ò绨ôҲ˩סϲɵɫ˴齣ɫԹ
ѹֵĸⶼˣԭǱ󶼻ˡ
Ҫ̽󶼻޵ڵϸλã̽Ȱο˵˭󶼻޵˭õĳ谮࣬󶼻Ǿ֤󶼻ﻹз˵ġ
ϺȻŤͷһߵǽֻһǽ֮ոǽǱߵĻЦ
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
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ʱ֪ĴѹͷɶԺʳ˭֪һɽԺӵϿգֻ꼸죬ǻ
һ˲ֻչĴر˷ɸӣžڵϡ
ųˣͿһֻġĴ㡣
лء
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޵⾹Ŷݼ׵Ļأɼһʲôɸ˵ܣ޵ǷǴˡ
ֻŶݼóҸᰵиڴ󶼻󣬿ôȥĲС
ۿ֮ѹ޷ϢȥͬԳӦѾԼ뿪˰򣬻سȱȥˡ
ҲãǱڶĻУӵǰͨ籨ţ󶼻һʱҲɲֻŲ䱸
֮Ǳץʱ취Ǳ󶼻޵С
˼ȥȺӢж
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գ󶼻磬Ļв硣
ܴ󶼻ʶ븮գ㱻ټҰ󶼻ϯ
ټ󣬾һĹĵ𣬽һϴһˮĺɫ¶£ɴȹһ˫㣬ϵһȦɫСͷ϶Сñɴ¥輧
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¶Щ¥輧ȤʼգĿһֱŴ󶼻ϯϵִһźŮѽ÷ڴ󶼻ͷǰ
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һ󶼻֡ʤǰȥס󶼻Ȼĵظǡ˸еŮĶ
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һͿԳŴ󶼻֮طˡ
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лҪ˵ϸ壬Ͼŵ㷢Ͷʮʮ㷢


60

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Ȼýȴûκȴ۾Ƹ۵ĺݾ
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Ҫʲô
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󶼻˫Ѿճõϡ
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󶼻Ȼƻ󣬹ԹԵؾֺˡ
, 󶼻סõ, òźۼط¾յܿ˴󶼻ֻ֣ص˳롣
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һΪѪæڵϲһָᣬ˱ǣָǷ֮Ķ
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61

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ڱʲôû˵͸, Щڷ³ϵ˽, ʱԸˣʱԸĹ, ֮ʲôöֻгڽڷ³˲Ż֪Щ
ǰôӲԼֶιⲻ, ¶Ŀ
ƺʲôֶζԸ󶼻һ㶼⣬ֻü׷ʵʱǶã
ʱ
ɫһ䡣
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˼ӵѾ˰ǡ
Ůôͻʱɧűˡ
ϳ㶮ƨǺˣ̫ܲһָĺֵܣΪǲʲôģ
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صݺѸٺţĴɿؿһۣĿڲԶĴ齺ʹ󶼻֮תһȦʹ󲽳ϵĴ󶼻˹ȥҪϴ󶼻/ȥ
Ҳ߹ȥ̧ס󶼻˫ȣһüʲôҲû˵ĬذѴ󶼻̧ϣһŽ󶼻߹ȥȻøϽ齣дĶ
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һ£ܿ췴Ӧʲô΢΢һ죬ͷȻؿµϡ
һȥȫӲˡ
˵ʵ/Ů/ϵǻûԹ仹ڳȻֻϷǷǡ
±ӽ͵ҵβ̫󶼻ֻŲᱻ֡
ⴲʶɴʣоѬƣ濴Ȼˣܿʵ
õףһϴ˴֪ô
µȭεһ¡
ϼӦȷˣ˺һ˸ɫ
ǰײš
˭֪Ÿû˩þȫһײźһ¿ˣƲסȥǰ˵ڵϡ
˳˽ȥ͵ضס
ΪӡӰӣͬʱдϢ
үүŮӵ͵͵غţ˻һ֡
һ㿴ңҿ㣬תæƵĿϡ
ɫǳѿ
Ϊ󶼻Ķǳˣû뵽˼ķ/ԲĶ
ˣɶŵǰ벽үҪҪү
ڣùŪһ߽۾װ/Ȼȴɵñͨ졣
ҲòȥֻϷȻ徹Щסȫһ㱡
ؼʱϾȻ֪˵ҪҪ¡
ҪǴ󶼻˿ٲشϣһϻŵӳһۡ
һۣǵؿ£ͣ
û󶼻ӦȻʼһһ̽˹
³ʹһҪͣĶȻ¿һۣȻ˶٣Ѹٴͷ³/˳ȥ
صһ졣
һ˼
´ŴģŴ󶼻ŨŨõĵƺ
ɹ黳ɣĴ˴󶼻ĺˣϻЩηģֻ㬵ȸˡ
һתЩǾƨ˻𣬴˳
ں棬вʵػͷһۣϽš
ڣúͬʱһ
ʱĴ󶼻ͻȻ
һŵһƨɵڴϣ·Ӧ죬Ҫȥƴ󶼻
󶼻ҩڣͫʻЩͣľľ
ü״֪󶼻ڡǧ͡ɢҩ£δѹΪԷһŴ󶼻ٶһˮ䣬ˮϵۺɢ϶Ϊһ󣬻ٷӳɢЧá
ʱϸ׼뿪Ƴһ죬ü˶٣˺һŮùƶŵա
µשϣһЩɫӡӣ£ϸϸһӡҺ˵Ľӡ
Цˣתָڵ˲үȥǾ
Щһ¡
ү£үǸ£ֻһ˲Ǳ糱ˮƵӿ˽ȥѸٽΧס
϶˿شЦ˻ҪϷʲôʱ򣿻
ʿһ϶ɫʱһһ׳˶˴
Ǵ󶼻
ɫһףѵ´ˡ
Ȼһ̣ڴ󶼻ϵذҲ¶˳
ܿ죬߳һˣĻ
Ϻͬʱһ
ʱӺ߳һŮӣŮӵװһ¥輧
Ȼ㣿𾪵
Ц˵棬Ҳŵ֪󶼻޵Ķ
ϵɫжѿˡ
ʲôĿ̽شһ£ɫ䣺ǡ

Ц˵ˡ
лҪ˵ߣûдhˣһֱ˷

62

һ, ĵղסˣ˴һʱҲ֪ǰʲô
Ȼ, ĿͻȻһƸƵŸʲôǶ˶ɱˡ
, û뵽һϵ֮, ֪ʵݻնɱذѹѹ, ЮŴ󶼻в𶯣Ǵ󶼻Ҫˣ
Щԥԥһ, Խˡ
¼״ɿسõһߡ, ¸ߡ
ЮŴ󶼻ſ, ЩǲӲ, ֻá
ܿ죬ЮŴ󶼻ſ, 뵲ſڵ
һЦôȲϣ󶼻, ΪѰСɾ
ɫʱɷޱ, ֪, ٸȥ¾ͻὫͬ鶶ȭ, ˼
ǡưͰѶ, ӭºЮŴ󶼻˴š
ͰĿɿڴض
³ͰһЦƱãƱĳ׼ƥϺõĿ

ʾȻŴŴ󶼻ȻŴ󶼻·Ǹ׸, ǲܹŶȥ
˲һ·񱼵ϳţϳŹȻر·
ǿ֮˺·
Ǻ˶ʮ澹Ȼû׷
ǰ治ԶͻᾭһƬӣͻȻͣסҲͣ
ôˣʡ
³û׷ǰ
ҲӦˣЮ˴󶼻ǣϺͰƱô˵Ҳ׷һ׷ȻܵڣӰûС
žžž
Ȼ
קﲻ˸ǡ
ܿ죬߳ƥͬ󶼻ĵӴ
󻹸һɫĺ¾װˣżң乭ϹŻֵĿⲻʮˡ
õ˸񣬶˳ֵͷȴʮ֮⣬ͬվŲʮˣϢس֣ܴϺʹǰͷжϳ˺ܿʿ
ĵʱǾѾ֪ˣȥɳȥɽ֣ɽ˦Щʿľһ
ŤͷС˵㿿ңҰŸ㣬һ취סǣұɽ֣ҸεĵطȲ
ҲߡöȻܾ
¼˶ڣҶʿһ߸߲
ɼȻ֪ʿƾһŮôӵˡ
½򴽣Ҳ֪ðգһܱԴеǿֻҪЮִ󶼻סЩʿ׼ߵԽԶ漸ʾԽ
õɣ֪ʲôЩʿȻѱûʿһĻһԸһ
𾪵ؿ
һ
ѵ
ͻȻ䣬ݡһƷǰ桰һ졣
һŤͷͼһڴ󶼻ؿϡ
ǰĹһ
һԵĴԭڵЦЦЦͻȻסˣŵŤͷϣɱҰҮ
ͷҲص˵ɱѵȥˣ
һˣѾ˵˴̿ײ͵Ю˰ҮὫ߰ҮʱҮƤ뵽ֿһĿİҮܲǸζ
ֳЦ£û˵ƣ㻹ʲôҵʿǶ
ʿѹ
ηع˹Һôû˵ƣү
ʲôرЦ飬ǻЦ̧֡
ǰеʿʼ׼ǡ
һԾõϣӺӵסʵ𣿡
ЦŻأ¡
¶ǰȻǾͳȥ

ҪżסõҪּȻһݡ
ţϵЩʿǷ׷׷Ͻ
𾪻ͷŷ澹Ȼ
νѷܿЩʿ˹ˣºһʿҲݴİһ˲ء
ЩʿϾʿѡ񷴻
ڲݴҲˣ׷״Ӳݴð˳ҵʿ
ŵûֱǰסϵֺǿӰɡ
ϵǸʱƵˣһʿƴ£ŴͻΧǷȥˡ
𾪵ؿǰһĻ
ǵϽԴһֺɫ̴ͣòǺѵصʿ֣Ȼ˿·磬ȻҲӣƺһѪһսɱŻеѪһ˿˵ϤС 
ܿ죬ʣµʿȫɾˡ
ʱ߳ˣǰ±ȭ򣬸ߺף֣£μ¡
䣬˶ʱأߺʮμ£
ʮ̫ӰֵˣѹϤ
·ɿǰ׺֣£ֶЩʮǺλ𡣡
ЩѱɢĶɲ±ǻһɬͷףǡģ
׵һҪΪ̫ӵ±𣬶˵͸ˡ
ԭ׸źҲټЩɲǴţڳӦԷһȴһֱڳݷУн˺ü׼ŵˡ
ӵ˼ȻˣƱػᱩ¶֣ͬһ֣֪µˣݣ֣ʮϺŻԼһֱڰл³ǡ
ʮĻͣºܿ쵽¤ϱߣȻʱ򣬷ʱ˼ıǰҪ¤ҡ
Ȼʮͱ뺷ȴʮӲ϶С
/Ƥ߸ºݣֻǮһ̻ǶȻ̶˹أ취ء
³غ󣬴ÿӱ޵ĸϻص˳ǡ
ǵʱɫѺڣŽա
ͣڳǰ¥ʣ¥ºˣ
ƣ¡
ι󣬳Ŵһ룬˳Ϊ׵λһϳ£Ҳˣæԭ£ôʱŻسǣ
й£˭ҹǣԵɡ
µ鰸·ϵˣˡ
֪ǽʱ참ϳ⣬ˣĴ󵨵طˡ
Ǻ´ȸֱš
չķͱǰһסˡ
˽ͣ¡
ΪϤӰʱõ˲ȥ
ӣ


63

ԶԶ, ڻˣΪڴˣѾˡ
ۣ֪ѻ, ͸֪Щ飬ס
ȷסˡӵͷЦ, Ȼ̧ͷ, һŵҲˡ
ü
˿, ѲǶѾסˣסˣҲûҪԳԼŶԡ
˼, ӳúã
ҽǳ
ĵؿȻʲô֪ˡ
ɱ, , ΪĿѵ, ӣúݣ
ݣӳü淨, Ҳܻ, , ĪҪҡ
ҧгݵҺ޲ðƤ, ⣡
ǣЦһ, ô, ܵҲҪˡ
䣬߳߳һˣһһС, ʦ̫Сǡ
ӵܣ÷Ҫȥ
æںקסǳǳȥСթ
öסʦ̫ǣŵˣ
ʦ̫ǣŵӵܼһģһϴڱǸֻǴ˿Щͣܰ
ӣûթԼϲ֪
˵꣬Ӵ˸ָ
ʦ̫ƣҲ֪Ͻʲô
һ˲Ͻ˻γѣͫѸãȻؿһܣֱǰãһҪܹһߴţ梣Ҫɱǣ
ӵܣ
ӵܣһȷӵܣӵܾȻš
ʦ̫Ͻץ˻ӺסϽӵĲӡ
Ͻӱʦ̫վվˣ˫ֱۣɫһ˲ޱȡ
üæӴ󺰣
Ц˵ð졣
һתµϣµͬܵܵѡһ
ػԥغܣ
ܣʣʲô˵Ȼһʱɱˣɱڡ

ò˵ˣؿӵܣع´
ûãΨһ˶ס
ϽӵİԽԽϣɫѾʼɫ
ʱºȻߵԣļ
̧涵³һЦģڡȻһԤʲôҪ
ֱ˵ǲֻҪˣͻŹǽ
öȻҪʲôæҡͷ
ӸϣضЦŵȻҲɱǣǺúõػſεϾ֮ġ
Ը˵㻰˵꣬ͷ˵ϵһۣȻһЦѸٴϰγذ׶Ծؿھ
Ҫ
Ҫȴ˫ȶô

һ˲еĺâһλõۣ˲ûµؿסؿڣ˼ﶼѪʼһȥ
أ
ôһƬհףðŻָӦƵĿٹԣ˫ֶزȥ¡
ɣɣ
ҲûлӦ
ɣЪ˹˵µϣҡҡҡţĿȻһ¡
ʱӶԱߵ˷Ըȥ˶ûУ
˹
ſµϿ޵ʹɣҶԲ㣡ҶԲ㡭
ĽŲԽԽʱͷȻһڳߴ󺰣˭Ǳߣ
˺ãѲˣ
ӳǸ׼쿴°ͣ
Ѹãûسֺɡ
ʦ̫ȥˣһƿã˿ŻԵ÷ɿѸʧҹɫˡ
*
ñӴ󣬾ͱһвš
ԲȲ˯ҹˡ
ʳ˿δķˣӲõ˵㾹Ȼʳ

ת˵
ǰתסҰ̧𣺡
úһ˫ۣ޺޵صҧǲ˵
ӱƽƤΪŭŤȻ¼Ϸˣ
ڼһ仰ô
ЦŵͷãܺãԽǶԽҪ㣬ҪúÿţôӵеһһһŮԺֻ¡л
޳ܣ
ӻ֣ñˤ˵ϡ
ȰðЩˣʳ죬ҾϽӾʳ졣
ӵܡôӵקסӵգҼӵܡ
ŨŨ˵ҡ
ñ۾ˮ£㣬Ҽӵܡ
֪ˣһӱúܺģǽģֻҪԹš
뿪õѸٳȥ
ޱʳԣԹԵذѷȫȥ
*
ֹʮգٴˣԱκʱҪá
Ǹӣôȥ羰
ÿһɫɵĵģ磬Ǽ٣羰档
Ӵվ³¥ϣһԼﳤġӰ˷ƺƵ
סͣۿﲻͣشת
³Ķ飬ӾҪۿ³״ʧ
Ĺ餴ӳͨʱŮǽץסļô׷ȥ
ò˵ȻɸӣõķӦġ
ҹˡ
Ѷк󣬸ʵ֪ܴѪԣһգԴĻڵˡ
ֹ˼գ˯ţȻӴӴ
һɫĿף˸˷ܵĹâæʲô
£ҪúÿҽҹεϾ֮ġ
úȻһƣǴǿбƹˡ
һ·øߣӴų̋ųͨؽ뵽/ͥɼعҼѾӵˡУھ޽Ѳߣʱӵ빬Ϊûн
Ťͷ
гЦ˵Ϊͷ޶Ů
ǽ󽫾½ӿ޶Ϳͽһıɡ
ʥ˲أ﹬ҳһţĻ̻ʱ͢ﳯҪ̫ӣ̫ӵѡ޷Ǿһһǰ˻ÿƵ׻ӣʺһȻ뼫ӵΪ
Цӳıô꣬ôһɣԲžΪǿҹƹ
Щǣֽҹļƻƺ˳ܿͽ巵Χסˡ
Ϲڵ̼Ķ󣬸ߣӾѾ˽ϹؿڵĺڼʿʣǺ⣿
彣ĸ󣬶Ϊ̼ġ
̼Ϊλżʿǰ
ӶؿϹصȻΪ˱ʵİȫԷ˳ûͼı졣
Ϲشŭҿͼıɣ
Ӵǰڵϣֳµڸߺʣ̫ȥӲĳӣ˵ףΣһΪݸķΪ/Ľɽ𢣬ӲõĴѡּΪ̫ӡ


64

Ȼ, Ҳֻǹӣ֪ĸֻʣһţʦ, Ҫġ
һʼݱӵƽк̫, ǿеǻ
˭֪, ̴žžʱǰʾش, ĸԨϣѹѾƵ, տƽضԵôȲȥ
ʣ
ӳһ, Ӽת
ķͳ˵ʲ, Ҳ⼸, µĸʿȻûʲô񣬿ҲڲѲǳûܺ常ʰǼżϵĵҩԽȥ
ʱ, Ȼӵ˷, ˲佫ļʿذΧס
һ, , ȫ䱸
ܿ죬иϤӰŹ⣬Ӵ˽
, װ, ֱߵߣЦЦؿ
˵鼸Ţָ̌, ǳ鴤£û
ЦֻǿڿһСһ㡣תٿãû˿⣬˲ˡ
ǣȻƭңݼƭΪˡ
üЦȻܱƵô¶
ӵĿ͹⽫ƾͼƣǰذ׻ƺѸ١塱ؿڣٺһϷ룬ƭϹԳ볹״ӵĹǣűƵС
һͬĵʿʼҩһ氵еƹ̫ļ̫õݼΪˣű˸׽
Ϸˣŭ˲ӵ˫ۣܻذγضǣŷһͬھĺݾ
¼״Ѹٽ󣬸Ľһʹ֮ƻסˡ
Ȱ㻹֪Ǽ͵֪еһвǽƾͼƣѱȫסˣϽսѾˣ󶼻ڵİ׮Ҳû˻㡭漴ĿӣѾû·ˡ
˶İ׮ˣĵƣһƹʧܣ׮ڳĴݻ𣬽óǴ֮ٴϣٴ˳ȥȴгһնɽ
ˣǳˡ
ӱ۾
ѵ
˵ϡ
ԨȵТӸ޹ؽΣ
Ѻȥˡ
ʱӵöˣ޲Ŀ⽫
ӱܣЩڼʿȺףȫͶˣȫѺȥ
巵ڻָƽ
ȲŤͷϸϸһۣҪ֪Щûܿࡣ
ȿȿȡԨȭǲࡣ׼齣Ϲػȥ
ʡֻȰοؿһۣæȥסԨһߡ
Ԩߵм䣬һۣ£˵Ǹຼǳ
ףǡ
ǰߵݣŮǳݼ¡
ƽԨ˵˴㵱׹
æ׹򲻸ңŮҲֻϷѡ
޻˵ȿȡͰͬͻͨѹ֤ݣȿȡҲȡģ
ϹؼԨȵ̧һ˳һü˵ϵһۡ
õҪµĹͣṴ̊
ԨһսѹȥֵҲعǫˣǰ޾˵㣬ϴΪ˾ȳЩɥȪ˴󹦡ޣġ
л¶䡣ٴߵлû뵽ʥ˾ȻŵҲû˵ŮΪҸƽԩ
ȻຼμëѾй㸸Ϊ˽ҷǲŻᱻţȻỹϼһס
Ůл¡
ԨվˣЩˣתһԵ£ʣ˵ɣȿȡڶʲô
ԾеϣĿԼͷϣ˫΢΢Ŀһ˲ҧϼҳԩѩŮѱ̰ֻİһػຼլ˴˲
ϣԸоǵͷϵĿó
ຼԨü
Ҳͬ⡣
ϹرͲϲã˵Ҫ뿪ຼ»Ҳʡ˼ԸæȰۣԼԸֺαطҪǿһҪء
¿ҲϹأߵߣ¹򣬲ֵʣ˴ܹıǳӹΰϼױ쾭飬ڻຼ͵ضסŤͷԹƺ޵صһۣżº˵֪ǻʼ˶Դֻ»Ắʿģǳڳ
ϹصۣĪҪֻ֣һ潼ˡʿ
˼ڵһ˵ӢԹŲʳ·ο֮/ΣѣѵáĸĽɽĸܹӲţ𡣡֪Ϲݴʱǳǳ˵£ΪѸʣǳǳԺ·ƫҪסϹص죬һ
㣡Ϲصƿԡ
ȻҲִ֪磬ᶨڳ֮󣬱ֻҲô̫ӰֵǸı

仰ֱǸϹʹĵطˣϹعȻ˵ˣ˫Ҳܿһˮ
þֻ֪ҪߣݵĶìܾԶڣⳡ֮սˣ˳ƽƽع
ȻᣬΪס
ԨϹһֿۣһۣ˲Ĭϣ˼βŵ֮Ӣ۲ʳ·ǳΪ/˴󹦣͸ͣᡣ
ǰūڡ
ͷǳΪηլһƽһǧ޳иƥٴҴͥʮһ͹ȥź򡣡
øҪڣ¡
Ϲؼڣ£
л¡л˲ǹ˶˵ץסõƺҪƵġ
ֻý˻ȥ
ǿһޱ˵⻹кܶŶӴӾͲŸĸЪϢ
Ԩ˶һۣ˻֡
þͳߡ
קߵּñקֻܸСܣɡ
ԽߵԽ죬Խ۵һ㣬ܲˣ󺰵ɣŪˡ
ºȻתץס˫磬ŭǲǴûԶߣ

ȷûԶߣֻŴñͻ뿪
ӵܻţѾǲеңԣӵܻຼԶ볤һз
Щһֶᱻڼζ֪㡣
Ϊʲôҡô࣬Ϊλסġ
ô䲻㡣
䲻ϣԳЦѾǡˣʲô䲻ϵģ
̧ض֪ʡ
º𣺡Ҳ֪˵
ֻεһ潡潡ߣֻǰһݣٲ
Ȼһеıֹ¥ʵͰүڵľ棬ò˶ͻΪ߸ϵ̫ӵ£䣬Ҳߡ
ˣˡ
Ҳں
һã˵ǳǳҸںЩǾ߻ᱻˣҾͷһУԶ߸߷ɣȥһûʶǵĵطӡ
Ȼһ
һУƴһҪĶȻ˵ͷ
һ˲ﾹЩҡһ˿󵨵
ڣ׵ĹشһۣĿڵĽװϣ̨ȻЩ
ЩʹҲ 
ɣǺαأ
ΪҲʧȥˡغȻһУ͵رסҪǶѪƵġ
úܿ˫۷ؿڣ£ɣ㱧̫ˣҶˡ
ҡͷӦңҪ뿪ңȻҾһӡ
֪õĴѱڳѾǣ޹ˣֻҪ뿪ͻĵܴܵʧӰ١
һôġ
ε̾һҴӦ㣬Ҳ뿪㡣
ɿƵģһּίĿȷϣģ
õͷҲ뿪㣬һգߵġ
-
Ρ
ӱڣС￴ҹ¡
󣬴ĵ롣
ûֱöţغGˡ
תηվһŶˡԴΣ̵˶ûʸҪĿڹֻʱ·
Ϊ·ˡ
޹̣˻̧֣¶һ˫ϸĵĿֽ̧¶¶һޱϤľɫա
һ£Ȼתع´ǣȻˡ
òκɫҲȻ˽
Цģ
ǡ
֪ǰһģûʲôȿԼĳ˳Ϊġ
߽һܺ棺ʲôʱʼҵģʶԸãǵˮ©
ɫƽ˵ǰţ
Щŭʹ˽Ҳݲˣضʱķŭ
Цһ£ȻŪգҵԼٵġ

ԭǸ˵ľģԼԼݡ
ֵͬʦԵҲҰǣߴŵġ
ۣԭ㣡
ֹˣ¥ҲҷŻյġ
͵س۾죺ܣô֪¥
вϽҲҹ͸¶ġ
㣡
ӴʱǾޱȣ̲סһ
¥ҲãϽҲãø֪ЩĴڲŶԣɵñ˵ô֪㾿ô֪Щģ
ÿЦһ˫͸һаĴӵһ㣬Թأ˵Ǵǰų޻ġ
Ƶɿ˼ɫ׽ӣͫʸͬ
һͻȻƽٴǿһĨЦ˵ã֪ǹŻңҲ֪һֱңҵġ취ŪҳȥһᶫɽģʱҾҵĻʺǣǱ˴˶³ޣͷòã
ǺǡõЦͷشЦ
ʣЦʲô
ֹסЦ⣬ӣʣӣ㲻˵ЩܿЦ𣿡
ӵ˫ֺȻһסõĲӣסŤغãȻңǾ͹һ


65

վԶԶŷӦ, ûüȥͼһӰ۽һٳȥַסӵĺ, ƵӲòɿ˫ʱû͵ؽ
˵ĲպһɫԲ쳤, ʱŵ˫ȴ, Щˣڽ޴, ɴñѱͷҲѱ, æ˳ȥ
ӿ£һȻҲˡ
û, ǻعһñպĲô
û¡, ӶŻһ, ڣղ
ת, ض, , , ǳǳһʺģֻ˵ţԵؽ뻳, ŵ, ֻҵĻʺ󡣡
𾪵Ťͷһۡ
˵Щ´ʱ˵仰
ӵȻҰģҲ촢֮λ
·༥죬Ϊβܣ
Ŀս㼤Ҷһ, հͷ͵͵Цһܿܣ㣬ˡ
ºȻʣ̫Ӱôģ
ԭĿģ׳̫ӵͷЦ
Цգһתʮ˵̫ӵȷǸ⣬ƫƫ̫ôģҲὫܴȥҾҪ̫ӰĲס
سͻȻһ´Ƶ֪Ǵѩ׷ɣĸȴ³巵ҹˣɸжأ֪ʲô

ϵЦĿƾڴص¼˵ȥ
󸸻ʴ֤δıС

ϵѪɫ˲ʵһɶ
³һףһĸס
ɱģ²Ǹһ
ȻҰƵҪȥ£һӵֿǰȴôš
طƵĴ𣺡Ƕҹ
*
Σ
·ϣһ仰Ҳû˵Ǵ˼ʲô¡
ΪϾ͵͵δ̼ӣЩˡ
ȹգ뿪ڴݳĬ룬վסˡ
صͻָỨ
£ûǰĻһʱЩײϣ¼ʱǻҲһΪײ˹ˣһ軨æ
Źˣˡ
ø˵û£ȴǻﱧһͫȻһɫ˼֡
״üʣôˣɫôѿ
̧ססûûаɣ䶳õġ
ǰĹǻұµһڻһͲɵǰжĲˡ
¼ĿⲻֱӾин
ʾ⻨£ȻصԷ룬ӳ¼ͻǾڳ͵ʵںÿҪһõķ
һݣͼöʱƵģźһ
·סһ۸߼ϵľֵͷ˿ɷ׵Сתסõߣ£ס˫ʣ¾
õͷ飺ǡ̫ϲ
Ϊβϲ׷ʡ
üһʱҲ֪ôͣܲ˵һ軨ɡ
ȴȻһ䣺Īҡٰ˾Ļʣ
㣿͵̧ͷ
¿ľ𾪣ŵĲʱʵ
ιսͬ˵Щڴǰų޶Ļʱ𾪲ôʱС
ԣ·һֱڻ룬֣ö룬ùⱩ¶¥йϽ⣬˵Ǿ䡮һһĻеɻһȫ⿪ˡ
þȻҲġ
Ǵ¾ǰļ²ֹǰǰ
Ҳǡŵ
Ҷˣ˵ǰͷõ֣ĦĦ̾ణɣҲǡ
Ȼġ
Ȼġ
͵֣Ŀ˸Ųȥ¡
ȻҲģȻ֪ǰʲô϶ԼĲŶԡ
¼ˣƽʲô
ֻˣ˵
ˣǷҵ̫࣬ൽ㻹壿
ɷϣȷǷ̫ࡣ
üˣܿ˵ǽ·ˣͷҧŴβѵǰȷҶԲ㣬ҡ
ºȻס졣
òԣ̧ˮۿ
ĿȻöԲǱɡ
򴽣㲻Ǻܺ𣿡
ȻΪʲôôΪ
õͷί˵ҵĹǻ˻ʡ
ȻǸʱߣȻ˿֪
ֻý͵ֻùǻֻţǻ֮˱ܻš

ٶ𾪵˵ôҲû뵽ĹǻʡȻΪΪš
ֽ̧ޱߵɢ𵽶棺֪ҽĹǻ˾ʵģ
ñ㽫δɢľھ鶼˵ˡ
˵ţºȻһٵĽŲ
ţϽһͬ˽ں档
ּúˮ˫ǻϲſӽܣܹһѱסõĴȺƯ㣬ڻˡ
̧֣ͷһ¡
µͷ˵Źˣðִ㡣
ϽӼ״Ҳ첽ߵס֣غ梡
һһҵסõ֣Ȼ˸
û뵽־Ȼӵô浽һˣЦʣôһˣ
ͷԭǽĵֻܵܰΪƭҵġ
ö£ϽƵǰܵϽӣҵ׵ܵܡ
ִ󷽷ָ߸ϵС°ͣҽܵϽӣ֡
ϽӺߵСѾˡ
㻹Ͽ񣬷żֻ˷
ϽֻúСμ¡
ЦʲôСδɵСӻԳСԺǰԳơӸ
ӽæ͵͵һۣӲҡ
úƯ㣬ҾҪӸ硭
úЦظŶ˵ͷ˵ʲô
ͬദĻ棬ǹƵġ
Ҫʱ⣬ãůлЦиҡ
²Ծ̵ǣӴһ£ðû뵽ݲصĽȻ϶֪㱾¿ԽԽˡ
תͳߡ
ಽظں滹߶ͻȻתͷһӡ
Ӵ۵סԴ
ƤЦⲻЦȻǡĳ˵Ĺͷ
ǰ˵ҪǸ϶֪ҹĻ˵ͷɵڨڨˣôôǳЩֻЦѣҲ֪Ǹ˾㣬˵㰢֣ôûûС
̧֣׼һǵġ
ˣָģúǰˡ
ŷŹȪիȥ
׷ʣ˵ƽ¤ҪãѵܺòСסû뵽Ȼæ˵ġ
¡
£ŵ˵㿪ЦɣܽҶƽˣ
һü˵ͷµȷ̫Ǿһ£һұƽҸϻƫͷһۣԣһһҪ
ظķģҿˣںǸʧõĵܵܣҹ˳ҪֲסǸܵܣֻҪǸܵܲߣȻ߲ˡ

Ŀһֻܳ²ߣסãȥƽңóûϽ뿪ֻðס뷽跨ס
һҲ˵Ļ
״ŵظ̾ԹӢѹ˹Ŷ
֡ºȻ



66

תͷ, ֣صض˵ˡ
٩һµģͻȻ֣صıסˣǲϰߵôһ, ŵˡ
*
һ磬ź´, һϵ, һţ˴ȥ¤ң½ҪСġ
µͷһıǼ, Цģ׺͸ߺն, Ҳµġ㣬, ҪעⱣů, ûҸůů, ӳǰӷŽůá
һ죬͵͡šһ
Ķڳ⼯, , ȷ潫, ر˻, ƿˡ
㡣
ˣ캮ضģ
õͷ, ֻſ, ӰʧԺ⣬ۻױǰᷢ
ʱӳ¶̽ˣӣҩˡ
һᷢ, һߴӾƳҩͷδã㵭ȷǶ
ӳ·ҩӹ
ӣҪ𣿡

ǡֹƳҩһ롣
ҩǱÿͬػķ¡ӳ´ޱŮˣֶ۰иһŮ˵ܿźﰲøҲһ
⺢һˣͳ׳Ҳ߲ˡ
ø뿪ڣӳºȻŻ¡
һ㶣ŴӾп²֪ʱ˻ʣôֻˣ
ĿһǴҵңû˯š
ȥҡ
µһͷȥʱߵ齱ߣ𼸰ϵҩʣʲô
ɫһӳ¡
ӳ»æص£ǡ
Цһ£ãҾе䡣Ȼͷһˡ
ã
ӳ£
Էһ·ĬǰߡѹһֱϺӣԭÿη֮͵͵ĺ±ô뿪
ǡʱô·
³һ塣
˵һ仰˹ʣɣ㲻ǰôֻˣ
»ͷһԷɫް˶ӳ£취ӺȵıɿζƵ

Ǻε˾ɫã˵Ӻȱ飬֪ϣܹĺӣȻ뻳ϰɵĺӡЩƣֵð۰Ѱõ˵ĸԴһֱڴ밢޳ȻҲڴΪһŮġ
ɷģ½ū졣
*
쵽ǰʱһӰ˹
塣
֣ЦʣСôô磿
ֵ˵ҪȥˣҪȥܾã־壬һ·Сġ
³ֳֵˣ֪ˡ
ֽС°ͣǡ
±һǰߣһ
֣㣬ǲǺϲϽ㣿
ţֺϲ
ǲǻϽ޸壿
šֵͷ絷⡣
ǳֽΪ壬ҪǼ޸壬Ժٽˣ͵øĿڡ
ֲҸýʲô
Сǰ˵ڵĻڱ˵ˣָĿˡ
СȴüʵܲܲСĿڽ𣿡
±˵ôܽҸ磿
ɼȻܸĿڲн㣬ȻҲܸĿڽ簡
£
ʲô
ΪһҪ㣿
ǳֵģСֻˣҪһ㣬ͿԶųˣҲһˡ

Ǹоµˣǰ
ͣ½Ųַڵϣֳվűʱ߳һأǰֻüͷ˵ԹҾͺССãһСþԶųˡ
𣿡ֵ۾˲ˡ
һԡСָͷ
ֽӵ׷
*
ƽʮ괺˲һµʱ䣬ƽ¤Ұ֮ңһ׽󶼻Ӵ񼰳ϣͬʱ¤Ҿڸ֣Ӽõڸ
¤ҵر߾²ӹ̣ǰΪߴ󽫾رɽʷߺ°þ
һʱ䣬ٴλָͻڱ߾ȴҲֻҪпڳԵľͲ뵽췴ʴҲܿƽ
һº°ʦس
⣬ٹʮеӭһ֮
*
ڡ
þδĺֺűˡ
ֱۣߺɫش䣬ŸɲݵĴĸôˡ
վڣǾشһۣŵ㡣
գһɫĹװͷţΣҲδŷ죬Եʮ㲡
һŮһ̣ʶǵټࡣټỴ̈һִһյ
˲˽Ǹʲôӡ
ڵˡ
תšִһƶϣӣʣĸĸ
ӽضǱƣʣĸ⣿
̫ôģȻʡ
ĸ㣿𾪵ؿĸδгһԼĸͷ졣
ֻҪ˵ˣĸܻҲܱס𡣡
ȭˣĸ֮һۣΪӦ˻ʺ̫̽ӵʺ󲻶ʮµжԼԻ
Ͳ
һʱ䣬к죬ŭµƾʲôΪһᱣҵ𣿡
£֪ӻ˵ģϵû˿⣬һƽ˵ô˵뿴ĸǰˣ

ӿ˵
žƾҪԼ͡
Ӽ״ȥƱڵϣūס֣˵ǣ
ͷ۾ֹ̫ӵͷȥȾĻùЩеľҽҲߵߣµĳ£̫ӵʱ
Ҳۣˮ¡
ž
Ķصӵϡ
վڹսǴ͵ϹҲ̲סŭس˽ȥֺ̧ݺһơ
۾ϹŭݱŤЦһ¡
Ϲ˵꣬һŭˡ
һߣеˣ
ӲЦؿʣĸڿˣ
ĸ㡣Ʊֵһ˫ֵݸӡ
ӿ˫ϸ۵˫ŵľյˮ´֮ǰԸңҰҮ˭
Сĸ͵͵ǸʵĶӣȥȥֻǸߵλãܱססĸסҡ 
ǣѡĻҲͨ˼ҵĺӣа飬аҮ̵һһ𣬻Цӡ
ϧ˰㲻ˡ
ֻһ΢ˡڱסѽߵλãֻ·һĸԲ㣬ΪȨġ
һץס󣬶ݺݵǾŶһ
Ȼһƺߣ˿ʼ󵹡
æȥס޴غĸĸ㣬ôˣ
ںڵѪ˳ӲҪȥֲҲģŵĸҿЦģӲҪԼһͿˣҰĸ
̧ȥӵ쵽һ˻ȥ˫Ĺʽ֮ǰҾѾ˶ҩĸǷģҪġ
ҡͷˮɽĸ㻹ģúûţҲûϵǶûãӾ͸ءĸ
ϧԶٻӦˡ
ĸߣȪ·ϣҲỤĸġһִͷԼһڣȻ󰲾Ļ΢Цű۾
*
ת۴ȥԨȻˣ빬
ԭԨһ׷˽֮ҩѽͿգµףʲôڲϣͻȻȨˣټȺ
̫ܲӲȻȻĴѡ
ԵգȺ棬¹Ԩǰ˲̫ӵ
ƽʮģʽʥ
*
Դ˶˵ĵֺӳˡ
Ϊ½ýһͬ˶ӽͬӿһ𵽺Ĺѧּ״ҲҪȥĹѧԴԺ󣬱㾭ڹ￴ӽӰ
ӳ¾ڵȵ³Ϊ̫ӵ£óһգ̫ӵ»֣ΪţĹ¹Ů
ԣոŶѧϰĸǡ
µϣ˯Ÿ߸ߵĺɫǽ͹ǽͷǳ£֪Щʲô
ԴӴʥ󣬼æĲӰ´ӲȥţҲн֮δˣϴμǰࡣ
գԺ辰֦ʺŮٰ˵ǻʺ
Դ˶⻹ͷһصʺټþ֪ͻʺ֮䣬Ҫ潻ġ


67

һ·̫ҺԵĳ¶԰, ԰ﵽĵ裬̺쿪顣
ӰȻ绨, Ⱥشһ𣬻ͻ, ˵Ц
øһ, ŮǷ׷ĿͶеĽͷӶ˵ʲô, ͶĿȻ˵Ķʲôû
ʲô, ⹬ﾹ֣ʰ
ǰߣ΢΢ͷӲ֪ЩǸҹŮ, ˻ʺ, ĵ, Ժ̫ӵҲ, ѡһĵϲĹŮͷϡ
öʱȻˡ
ǻʺΪ̫ӵѡ̫, ѹЩŮǿ˵⡣
һֱڹ۲õı, Щ֮, ޲ģ㲻ҲûУﲻɵô⡣
롣ýŲ΢, ȻʼֱߵĻ, ŻʺﻹҪ̽ãСߴٵ
ñŰŲһͤ⡣
㿴⺢ӣľǺãС, ϸƤģǣһģǼ̫ӵСʶ
ͤɴƮ裬ϹһŮ˵Żɣŷ粻ƫеƮõĶ
ǹŮãվһʱҲ峤ʲôĿǹŮĿϣϸȷǺ
ź˴ˡ
ýͤӣ񣺡ʺ
ˡϹϵЦؿһۡ
ǹŮ״æߴӵǽ榸ˡ
榣
˵ӢĵŮ
ȷʵ߹ĺܡ
ϹĿŽ뿪ֵͷȹϵӣ˻ŵɡ
л
ؿ
ϹԵ齡
ÿһ齣ּ׷ӣߵǼ¡
ϹؿһۣҲû˵ʲôϲ衣
˻Ϲؿ̸ЦĹŮǣָã㿴԰ĹŮΰ
ÿȥͷܺá
ϹŤͷضһֵ˭̫ȽϺã
ûϹأ˵Ҿ÷ߵλӾͺܲ
Ϲһ˿Ȼˮﾹ˿·ľýʺ̫
ѵˣõûҰģ
ݴȣұػ̫ӷΪ
Цһ£Цﾹ͸һ˿мһ˿͸µĳȻҪ˵
ĹŮǼ
̫ӵ¡
÷²
Ƭ̺´Բһ
Ӳμĸ󡣡
񡣡
ֱȥߣĿôˣ
ϹزƳһۣĵġ˵꣬ߵͤӱߣйŮһ̣һĸĵ
̫ӣ԰￪һĵȥ͸ϲŮӰɡ
ôһǶĵʺ˼Զ׼ؽӦ֪ѡһµġ
صȴţȴ½֦ĵͳȥһɳ׵׵ˣĶͲ롣
ߵǰĵһ¡
ڹŮæݣڴصȴš
Цһ£Ȼ󣬿ҲǰһŹŮֱصߣĵޱߣ޵ĵˣǳǳ֮
״һŹŮ뵹һ
Ϲɫ䣬ǰһֺ̫ӣ֪ĵ壿
תüʣĸ˵𣿰͸ϲŮӡͷЦǹŮӡ
Ϲ֣߳
תסõ֣˺һϹصĸǳǳ޷ֵظڶѾãֶûҲʱһˡ
ƫףãǳǳԸµ̫
ü¡û뵽˵Ǿ䡮ΪĻʺ󡯾ģǣʺ󣬵ۺġ
ֺһʹסȻսֱϵָǸףؾ
ٴ
ò˵ˡ
֪ΪӵܣҪΣһͷϱעǻҲضٹٵУ֮䣬ѲǼ򵥵ĶŮ鳤ˡ
㲻˵¾͵ӦˡڷƵģ˵ҲˣȥЪϢ
ĸ󣬶Ӹˡ˵꣬ҲɫϹأþ뿪ˡ
ߵĺܿ죬һʱ˼ڷ磬ճ¶԰;θһģŻ
ôˣɷסŷסŵʡ
סؿڣɫЩ׵֮ǰԶ˱÷ֵġ
ȥ̫ҽתˡ
סҡͷˣƢθͶѣǵ£ֺαصڹŮʺء
µȻ֪ǰǰôԹµģ񻹶ǹ⡣
Ͼĸ󡭡
´˵㣬֪ǰΪʲô㾹ȻȵػѹøŮˣ˵¸ôǺã
εǿ£̫ӵ£Ժ󻹻Ǿ֮𡣡̫ҲãʺҲãܹФģӲҪλøֻƵ˶ΪС
ؿŭһΪеǿӲ̫ӵҲã֮ҲգԼİŮ˶ػˣǻʲôɽ𢣡
Ҷﴵµϣɹ˵⣬վΰӰ£һ˲䣬ǿƯɲǼ
һֱΪΪҲջỳһŸĶ
ȻѱﲻгޣȻȴÿģƯںСȥû˷
ߣǲҡ
룬ڴԼǿǻ޵̫࣬䲻Լݸ֮𣬸֮ƽ硣
һֱĵȣķǵȰȣȴΪᶨǿİ⡣
ȻˣΪβƴȫһԣ
ɡȻ
ü
ǰʱһ̵ֱǸŮ˭
һ£û뵽ĻԾ
Ȼһֱߣ᲻ʶ˭
ҵʱֻһƲл꣬棬ˣһֱû
㡣£˫磬еʼһֱ㡣
ţµĴһ¡
µ۽˲ˣǳǳ
Ǿ԰ɡ
*
ʱеȫϱӲš
ÿŴѩִӼϵһ棬ҪŽ
ӣӣ˵𣿡ӳ´һŻŵ˽
ü˵ʲô
ӳ¼ū澷ųȥʱ˶ڴ˵ʲôһΪ̫ӵҪΪ̫ڽǵϳĲɿϵ˶ǡ
ʲô
ǻ


68


˺, һͷ档
ӳ¼״ŵ, ôһҲż
ýĵ˵ʲô, ̫λֻһ, ˭ѣ׹ݣȻҪȻĵȿ۸ñ, ٱóλһǲܰԼŮͽ
ӳ, ȴ˵ˣһֱŹֵض
õôˣѵ˵Ĳԣ
˵ĺܶ, ֻ, ôҡȻأ
, ӳ½ĹȻֻ˵һ룬͸½ʱ, Ȼתƻ, һڶﲻ²Ƶġ
˿, ӳ֮ƵʣȻأ
ӳüɫؽŵȻǵµȴҶ֮, 㽫̫ӡһţ˵ݽڹ, ȴԶڸҹŮ˼ҷ޷뽫ԼŮ޸̫ӵ̫, ˣ̫ӹ²ˣŮ޸˭ѡ˭̫Ӱɡ, ˵˭Ҳҿˡ
һ¡
û뵽¾ȻΪ̫֮λ
ӳ˵꣬ͻȻһָǰĿӣôһ涼ˣ
һ𣿡ûعͷһȻİһˣһ棬ڨڨЦ͹ҳԵ
Ҳȫ˰Զθᵹˮġ
ӳôһ˵θ﷭ˮֱϷĵؿʼŻ
ӳæȥ˱ˮڡ
æ˺һͣ
ؿƾϣԺҲҳԶˡ
ʱſںˡ
ӳݳ⺰ɡ
ڣ۹۱ǣˣ̫ӵ½ҪҪūصЪϢ
֣
֪ˡ
*
۳ŽԪʥߵĵмೣȻ밲
ﰲ
û񣺡йˡ
æԶԶһѣЦеɱɷūˣūǷʥ˿ͣȥԷۿ
Ԩǰغڲ˺ЩӣǰøµضȲس͸
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