
ߣǼС

İ
ǹŮ˸ΣεδĵһƷ
󣬷־ȻˣֻǴһ֥С١
Ϊǿ١ߵɡ
ĮʮկկлðǣǱڴ׼һ¡
û뵽ǰŸվȣžͱŮ˸١ˡ

Ķָϣ
1.ܿܵĺܿգд˽Ķ
2.Ȼ󰮣˼ģĥĥԲ
ǰ벿ռȶ࣬벿־ռȶࡣ
ķʹǰЩ
3.ŮڡѧҡʱŮԲ֮⣬ʵٲû̫Ȥȥٳǹ࿴顣
ʹбµ٣ΪٲԣҲһԸ밮á

ݱǩ ֮
ؼ֣ǣףл  ǣ  
һ仰飺ˣκ
⣺Ϊػ

Ʒ
ǹŮһԤ֪Σ֪֥Слδ׸Ϊʵָĸ﷨Ƶ룬ѡ޸лΪޣȴû뵽Լ޵ġлӡð棬ݣʮկկԤ֪ΣһıѾõƭ֡ľıĬڶгʧΪһƪ


1 
7.1С
б΢΢ٹžǡ
ڱɸŸϣ۲ŴĶ
ɵİŮ꼴ޣ⼸սĺò֡
ΪȥѣͷԸԼŮ䣺ȥ׼һѾߵѡ
С㣬ǡȰٿǿǡ
ʲôҪŻҧȭͷɡ
޸˭Уǵˣֶμ޸׵ˡ
侮ʯߥһŮ۸ףЩࡣ
Ҳǿ׼ҵʱھǣһһȫߺȥΪĵС㣬ھһߣŵģ۸׾۸
»Լ۸ŭ
뿪ǰ׻޵ƶʢĵ̶һ£ಡˡ
ȴڵŷޣƾʲô
죬ҪȥͷӶס
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岻ʣ˯ˡ
һʱͻȻһԴоѣϵ¼亹ʪ͸ˡ
ǰĻϣײ˹Դʱ˵Ʋ޴󰭣ֻ򵥵Ĵ
ٲ˯һȾƺجΣѺ󶡵Ҳ벻ֻͷʹѡ
λ򣬶˵ͷӦĲ
˭֪Ӱ˾ָʹҵĹʱбһԶ
ԭҲġ
׵游ٰݴ䣬ڸԱ˭˶óƺһϡ
׵ĸʮְ̲̽ԭδڣȴĪʧ٣ʬ
ǰҲ֮󣬷Ҿֻʣ·һŮ
ȨʢȻƲϣʱнתͷͱɼҵС㶨˻顣
ˣ˭˯úã
ö˵֪ҩ֢һҲûȡ
ƽ˻Ʊ´ʪѵ
СˣŮɺˣ˵м¼
æѣš
伱ҴӭȥС㣬ҼС𣿡
ϰΪôˣ
һʹŰǰһֱ磬ˣȥ
ֻ˯˸СĹưļǵģǶˣ
нϣ𣬰ɥС뿪ԺֱȥɸСӣ֪èëһͻüղˣռһЩèë׼ȥһųޡ
Щʹȥ˵ĻֻԷ磡
ؾ֪͹ٻء
ʱֻǺѹϵ
ȷ̱ɶˣһһ룬ǲڵġ
ױ˵
СڽŸţ˭֪ҵȲˡ΢ԭʼտţ͹ˣ˺ЩأҸϽ뿪·ϾӰ˾ɱڵĳɸȥˡ
ἰŷɥӰ˾ֹס
ȴĸв죬ӦðȲ˵ֲױ֣ʹ¶ˣ첻ߵͱμҲȥӰ˾ɣ
Ϊʲô
ꣿӰ˾
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С㲻ظҲûӦûμҡ뵽θڳʣС㱻ˡ
ȥȡ
Ÿܵţ׺
䱻ྪһ
ɫҰףȥˣʱȥͬ뻢ڡ
СˣƬ̣ɫһ˲˸ɾ˼ǣҼС㽫С㡭ɱˣ
ôܰ
ҼСȻˣзִ磬ɸȥèëѵŮӹ뷿ɱС㣿
ײ֪νֻͣģ˸ղجΡ
Ǳ뷿ʱѱɱ
֪ں⣬־֮ɸȥһҲ¥ż档
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ߵ˶ӣѶŭĵѪҲһغ
ʹܡ
ײȥδζںδ
үܵĲӰ
ɺȥ׼Сûָˣһҵ
У뵽ʲôһ䡰ȵȡתط䣬дš
ٳʱһֶһ̨һһõż㣬㲻رˣȽȥҪ
ֽؽβӰ˾
Ӱ˾ָʹδŵĶϱ֮ǰڴӰ˾
λɱԵָʹҲһ·ˣЩжԵζ
һӰ˾ĺΣҲҪǲƤ
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в¥һ·ȥ֮Уʤ졣
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ƹ˵ү絹ЩӣȥǰϷ¥ͼλСӶˡ
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ֱϱһѪӣãֻƾҡκԾ˿һʱѲˡ
׿첽ߵߣ·ȥ¥Ȼͣһ
ȥİ䣬˵Ĺ˼Դܽʲô¶أ
ȷ׿ڣСѾƼϻԲѵ
Ϊҽ˯ˣСӽŲЩȴֱּϵ˿ڣԼѿɫ˲Բ˫ۣҽ㱻˴ˣ˭ıӵ
׺׽Ҳ˼Դֱܵܿ˵˼ԴܴܲӦңȻ۷κ飬Ҫ֣
Ϊʲô˼Դƽ
ױ˵˼ͺãȻ϶Ҫ㡱ȴȻ⺢ӵĸͷ׷ԼˣǲúŪ
˵ǣ¥һ
Ӱ˾참˵뿪

ǼΧסκڣ
һĦ淢Ļ죬Ŷ۵Ųˤ˲١
æߵűߣһ̽عϣС㣬ˣ
ͷҲһ⣬ĺÿ죡Ҳ֪ɺǱˣûнȥ¡
˼ԴҿЦðԭӰ˾ҽ㡣
ǽȡһҪ¥
׹ȵôˣ
˼Զһæ۷˵齱ȥ
һ㡱ɤۣ˼Զֻúһʹŵתͷȥף촽ƣһתſڵϡ
ֳǷӼд̨ԸѾİ䣺콫Ҳ齡
򵥵ĸ֮ߡ
ȻʹҩҲܴﵽͬЧֻǷԤ֪Ժ˼ǵıȽ϶ࡣ
С٣ԵͷѪǶùһ㲻ʮ塣
̨ײĺȹ´ñȴӰ˾š


2 
8.1
һӳѥ̤¥ݵ𽥱ƽ

˽¥ݿԶǰżȫ꣬Żֵǡ
ǧˣʣһ䣡
ءŵĹٱƼڵ״δֱӽˡ
һ䵶Ŀ˽ⳤ¥һϢոΪɱ
Ϊ֮ˣҲǹٱеġǧˡż뷿䡣
˫ָ䲻䵶ͬŽ£ֻʽΪЩ
ԱӰ˾ѡ
ǣԽԽװģˣñɴµһ˫۾ģǰӭŮˡ
˵꣬Ҳ
ǳһϷȿһϻŵתףŮļҵŮ
мЦӰ˾磬˴ӣϻὲֱӳͽˡ
ȴͬڲ¥ϳضҪȽڸһѿС
ΪͬλӰ˾һֲʶ÷ǲݡ
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Ϥҧء
ѵĿ˲
޶ãͣƬ̲˵Ӱ˾֪ȻϤ
Ƽ˵ˣϽܴߣ
ϵĹٱҪ쿪˫۵ǰ棺ˣΪλҪҼү
ֹۣͣƣʣ˼˼ԴðȴӦã
ҧͷʹҡͷСҲԩģֻèëȥ׽ŪһС㣬СҲִˣΪ˼޻С¥
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ʲδŵףȴӰ˾ͷһ
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ױһԣָʹͬ⣬μҽס
ǧ˲֪ôʣһ潫ʱйˣùĿԼ
Уٻǰһȭˣɴ˿ɼ˰ѾھɢǻǾ罫ߣ¶ˡ
Ҳûִڱʣת߳ż䣺ţ
ۼٱٴǰԼ˵콫ȵĿͶס
ȴ˵ǿˣѵıºӰ˾ǲԩѾһֵġ񡱶õˡ
ⲢҪ
Ƿǵһҧɸ˼Դ˭Ҳûޡ
Ӱ˾ָʹ񣬻ôһ
˵棬ȥһ߿ǽվţ·óĿٱ˼Դߡ
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ݼȴȫһֱʻ˽
ϾǹӺС㣬δ֮ǰֱҡеĻš
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ң֣ûµģǣǲ¥ͻܲ죬ϵǱӵ·̡
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Ѷɱ˻ŴʵСΪθǣ
һ˻Ůɣ
ѣʰˡ
ʵ̬ȡ
Ҳһ̡˦Ŵµ˭֪һǵĺΣųûҳҲȱ첲ȵġ
˽ûαװıҪƣôߡ
ڵȴ°ɡŭѾЦ˳츮̲ôһ£Ĵ£ѲүүֵµĴˡ
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׶˶񣬼δŻٶȣôÿ¶òԲ԰㲵Ц׻˵úãôҲﶤĪҪģԺѿŮɸ涢ء
У͸ѼЦƿĿ⣬·Ӷһ㡣˳ͷת򣬡Ҳһƣﻹжŷϵľ飬Ϊǡ
˵һݣͼﳤȥ
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ѡ
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ʱһ˫˫۾ʱŷѩ
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֣֮㴫ȥġ
˸˼Ӳ͡
ϵӰ˾ٱǺѰҵ鷳
ҲԼһ˿棬ʱ˵ֻһʱţǼ⣬ȥҲԸȥЩڷ븮ô˺
֪ǲʲôԡ
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ƽʱսʢѲཻ̫Լӱʮ겻
Ϊ˾˲ˡ
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ڣһֹС㣬ǰ߶ͣˡ
ˣ伤ٴƿ
ƹֻӰ˾Ĺٱսȡ£Ϻ̡

Ī˵һֱĬתȦķףҲĸ
Ƿд˶Ե֮ߣ͵¶ûӲܵɣ¾ɺ谭ûܽʹ
ɺİΣɺԸأЩհ
ֻһ飬˼ԴӽӰ˾յĺҲײֵˡ
ã˼Զ֮ǡ
С㣬ԼƼӰ˾¥ˡǵ˵
ƿȥҹ֮£ӰӰ´£ӷΧС
С㣬λˡһӣæѡ
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ɡȹɨϵˮݣӭǰߡ
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˵Ҳһ۵ģֱ治ľ滰ľ٩

ÿ
ױ۶ѽһˮգķмá
ղÿԶԶƼ·߳ɡվŵɺ
ɺҲעߣ̫ԶģֱָӰ˾¥
֪³ˣֻû¥ȥֱ
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ʵдǷţӰ˾ſʲģֻǷײΪĴ£ŵӰ˾㵨ɫ
׳ɺվŵķ˻֣ɺ׷С㣬ôˣ
ܿӰ˾ſڡⳡϷײȱϯǰȥǡ
ɺǰŵľЩһѾŷϺӣ̽дͽãȴòֲ䣬ֵǳ
ȻƷӦ˴Ӻųȥѯʴˡ
ڸл˺üΣڴСȫɴ˵㡣
үүѧ
ɺɡ᣺ԼĪӣһţ̨ʱȸգˤɳȥͦأͷĳѪˡ
Ǹˡײզּ࣬еʣ˭أ
л˾ֱס˺˳Ų鲻Ըġ
л΢΢㶣¼λ˾ֱлģзֹ֣ͣסŲȲʣλ˾ֱǲǽл
֪
СĿתĶԼԴ˼ΪģɺŷϺ˵л˾ֱǲȱģպ¡ʱû֮ʵģӲҪס
ŷԻ˵һ˾ֱǱӵĴ˹٣ֵлȱ
ٴһѹˣҲ֪Լֶá
ĬĬţȻ飬л˭ˡ


3 
8.1
۷ڹٱԾֳһ·
ǰſڵʯʨվżۣɡͳһͷЬ̧ͷ
ΨлȻ¥±꣬벻Ӱ˾ŹٱǵŭĿӡ
ɡ£бűڱƤϣŻƺĻǱһ
¶ʣƵóϰ䡣
ȴҲûʲôֵģƹܴµǶʮ˴ĸ¸ĳһȫ»
ʸ참Ĵ¹ԱٶЩҪϹܶϰȥֳץ
Ϊ˷㣬ٷʽˣ䣬ɾ˵ٶΪ
ȥ任˼ΣЩƵš
˭ָģѲǰϸлۣȷǰ
л񣺡ǳ˾
Լˣָʹţ
¹ٱѣҶšŻ֣̿л˿ǧ˽˷¹٣¹̾ߡ
ޱ飬˵ԸΣϽܿȴȥһѡأߣ׼µ⣬ȻǱ꣬ǾŰɣ֮ͣǰĶ׼ȥ
ǶԴ˵ģӰ˾ȴӦһǣ
µǴ˸飬ΡΡ
Խлż
лת泯ıӰθǧˣӰ˾Ǵµİӣⲻ̫ʰɣ
˵ʲôͣסŲĲǷ£ƽϣҧŲţ
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ԼſڱָӣпܺǱԹٵ
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ԭӰ˾참Ҳ䣿ٺòлظЦЦһţǲǻһͶΪأ
αʵסô˵
ھڣֻҪǣͨףİڱץ֮ǰԸȥĸͶ͹ĸŹܡ
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Ͷˣ εһʱת׷лָŷҡΡ
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ԭֿ̡һż߻¥£ŷϵּһǷд
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лȴûлӦʻ
˳ȥԭǷƹȺǰ
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δ׸
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ܿɹġ
˵лվλƼףԭֻԿһۣĿңΪڵԼŻΣϽܣ΢΢Ц£Լףʾ
ײµԼ΢Цĺ壬Ҳǣ𴽽ǣòӦȴڲסе硣
ط꣬лĸԻ
л˾ֱ纮񣬡㻰
лȻ񣬹Ǹ֪˷ʵʲô
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ſڣǴƷְСҲǸٰ
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Ͷ΢Ƭ̣ĵֱ㽫лָŵŷչһƣɫԽԽѿ
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۵СյԺһֱ֣Ѱ˼ţǲЩҪ˵


4 
8.1
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ο˷ǴӰ˾дߵģշȷʵȨ١
ԭվţͷż⣬û̫⣬ѵȻ׷ŹκһܹĻᡣ


5 
8.1
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΢㶣Ͷ
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ؼһ㣬ܸйлĵ߰ʱͿʼˡ
ЩԱϣκռġ
ǳո¶ͷǣӰ˾жδڣͻרΪᣬע
˵лĲȻ鷨书ֻƤëǲɵġ
Թ˫ȫ߶֮꣬԰μָܴﵽ˵ѧ衣
ױΪѧţֻԹٿʹ
лŶʮͷСꡣ
˵ľ޵ģл߰鷨ʮо٣Ƕʮѧϻһϸ¡
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˵áʣòײܸ⣬ôͻȻȥ߸¶Լ֪ĴڣǱܸˡ
֪أһʱܷģҪʱ䡣
£ֻҪѲڣӰ˾Ҳô¡лȫȻûȥָδڼܸſڡ
СֻǲΪҪַȥǸף
ҲǰԾȡһףлʱ˾Σ׿ɱӰ˾Σյö࣬ϸʶл
Сֹ˵ģҲǼٵİ
ıҲлԺˮǡ
ˮλڱˮӵΡ
ĮĳУΧˮԴչġ
ʷкˮԭ̵ͨıؾ㣬Ϊ١
źˮοݽߣΧ޼٣öӣ˳û䡣
κԺ󣬽߾ĺˮΪŵأǲһ֧ǰȥפںˮǣ꣬ڽƬ̻һЩ
лǴԭȥˮǵķˡ
̲̫ĸ״ʲôɷϥ°ҲҪһţ̾ѡ֮ӣһ·Ͼ
յִˮ꣬Ҳѻʮ꣬ˮⱱСͻϮѸʧݡ
ϧκʱ˻ıңս³ԽϾ˼ƫƧһ硣
־ˮռ죬ū۰գʼʳܱߡ
ĸףڱ־Ƥӵ£һЩŷıճҹ־նɱ룬˺ˮǡ
Ϣͨ˳Ƕش꣬͢ûκαʾ
˺˼֧ΪԱˮʮ˸ɢկ׵ǣ£ͬˡ
֪Ҳϸ͢ôͰػ԰Ĵկˡܡıǩĸף죬˸̫˷ˣ̤Ϻˮͱͷ­
ֽ͢˼ΣһҲûɹ֮ʱʱ֣ᡣ
ĺˮǵͬһ֮ǣΪ˵ֿʱɧŵı־ͬ˹ϵڣܡ
ˮǰʮ˴կԭƺΪ󽫾ΪСϴʾܾ󣬲ŸΪկ
˵λġлˡл˾ֱ
֮үųʶʱлΪͬʶġ
̾ڣŻ磬¡
񣬰ѩ˪˱ؽ
һļϣΪֵܡ
лϲȴϲ٣ĸ󣬲ȥοƾ١׾Ҳ˾ˡν;жˣû뵽Ǳָ˸ٵ
֮˺ͿĸǰˮͶֻ˵ҽһ
ʱүֵףΪԻ׼ǰǰܸ⡣
лŵòᣬȰ˺üգ˵ѴѲ˵ܸĺ嫡
˵˵ƤӶĥˣȰסһϼƣ飬Ǵͼ֮
գպ
̵л˲˵ûǣڱҲǰ¶棬λСզʶء
һлԭҲɻҹӰ˾ҾʱͨģǰݶֵʫģĽҵˡ
ʦϷϷ٣Щƺͦױ²οǺεȵĲ顣
ҲһҪĽ֪л˴¡̲²⣬СĿ˳Ӱ˾ſڿˣŻڲк֣˵ʲôŲһ׽˵ǡ
꣬Ƽлɱڵؿ
̸æ죬֪Ҫ϶ΪԼڵ٩
ȥȴòţΪԱ
˭ںˮǱߣܻĶ֣ɳʴ£Ƥȸڻֲڡ
ȴʼüĿģɹҲֻܽʱɹ죬һʱ˾ơͿ֬СүЦ
ö֮ЦĽˣԱűߵĳ̶ȡ
ڱ־ƼߵĶҪȲ¡
ѵ֮ǰת⣺û˵Ϊȥʱа
ʱг׻ڴ²ߡлΪײĿ֮ǰ̷췣˵û֣֮ƺ˽ѳ¶˳ɲȥ
ţ͵һֱڴ£ûɣŹ˼ͻ֣ᷢԼĽ֮ˡ
ܳ£ֻһţܻڷϡ
лĵΣҲҪ̴Ӵ¸ߣκνӴ
ɵúܣ˵꣬š
ˣҹǳյ飬̣ͷʹȥС̡С̷ȴˣȥ̰ɣ
ۻãҲûӦ
̽ŵضɫлúһ˲ͽڴ絶ȥһ


6 
8.2
лҪɱҪ鵶һƾˡ
ŭţǰ䣬ֽֽ̡䡱͡ĸٴ
лûʱֵήҲ񣬴׿Ϣ
ȻĻ͵ȥ밸ۡʮһǴ˵ϴʱÿηųƵ໥
͸
뵽лסŲ
˿̳˵ĳȫµĹٶ걻ɱ
һ٣˵ͷʹû˻ỳɡԼ״ήҲӡ
ллڲ治һ֮ȡֵ⣬ʲôͼ֮
˼Ȳϲرȴܳã
Ȼã;ϸ

̷⣬׶ڵĴϣԭЩɢжæ̬
š֨ѽΪῴ׳ͷĳû뵽һλɾֻɫЩ
գգۣл˾ֱ
ҹûϸǱõģĻ̫
л϶ԼĲ²ûĽĿ⣬Ƶۡ
ֻһۣת𴦡
·л˼ãóһߡŲʶԼѧʶ
ԭĥˣĿһգȫˡ
˲ã׼⸱ģҲûеĽ
Ժ̣
л΢촽
סţһġ
˵лսپһСƿݸ
ּ۲д֣ϰ䣬õ֣ƿĽǶȵꡣ
׽ӹУͷԣΪθоλлЩֹ֣Ӱ˾ǰͦô
С֪ɢлƹǰߣӹǽϵ̾ߣֻӰҩɢЧƣ㺬£ֶݵԣʱټʹࡣ
ҵģ״ƿһ̶Сҩ裬ĸ⡣
˵ڽҩүүˤ֮ʹ̣ܼұҲȥ̫ҽȴ˵ûʲôôһҩʱգ۾͹
ʮʡ
лƫͷβƳھᣬȰ˵κˣġ
ĦŴƿ̧ͷıӰƺ͵Լ
֣æջߣӰԳ־ִ١
䴽ǣвҩ᲻𺦣ǰպ᳤ɲС磬ͦ뷨
ղŴˣлδ䣬ǡûˣǿΪǿ
ĳĿǰĹλټϸǣ߲࣬Ҳ
ܷ񲩵ģ׻ŵģƾòֻҪϷ˼һӵֵס
һ㣬Ǿˮʯ
ϧ˽˼ԴܹıĻлҲпܵ׸
ƩȨʱȢֱѺһ죬Ǹ˾ֱ
ԣһԣСԶ˴κδʮİҵ
Ȼȶ⣬ʾãԼܲסջ
лŷףҲ²ЩС˼ֻϣϽ˵ллͿԿʼˡ
֮ҩⲡģһʹιȥֵüڴ£ϸʮ¶пܡ
ǾͶлˡ΢΢ʵĵл
лĬĬɿ΢ᴽǣҩЧݣȰǰٳԡ˵ȥк̷۽ԸǶһ㡣
ſڴϣǿСҩ衣
л˵ʼ̵۵ˡ
Ǿľȣæǿҩ£ҩմ˽ҺеĿζЩӿ֫΢΢顣
֪ľˣȴûκεʹС
ֱھʱ΢е㷢ʮȸմ꣬貿ʹ亹
Ƕ֣Ƥ˹ǣͺá
ϣлһ䡰С߲͡뿪̷
̷Ϣ½ɺ˽Ӻųȥ
ѱ棬ãſϡ
״̬ɺԤҪ̫࣬ȴҲûʣС㣬ȰͿҩŵ㡣
Ŷײ֪ʲôһӦ
Ϳҩ
հ̣µҼУҡҡλΣǵ˯ͬʱһķġ
С㣿ҪҪͣЪЪɺɫ֮ԽԽͿ֬ҲڲסķڣͷĺŴŹ䣬
ҡ˵Լȷʵ̫ؿڶµ˵
ɺſš
һ˳˲٣³һѪѩ׵ëϣһƬǵĺڡ
С㣿ɺŵòᡣ
һû¸ɾǺüڣתѾʧȥʶıԵ
ɺüʼûӦʱδ뿪µĳ֣ɺ󺰣ȥشȥ

л뿪̷ûߵ̫ԶŷױŮ뿪׷ţʻڷģĵΣˡ
ʱͷʢлûŻȥվںſڵĽֵɹ̫
Ŵط˯һʱϼǱӰ˾ȥѼܸ⡣
ݡ
ÿһ£
лԶеĽкԼԽԽ㳵
üȥ׵Ȼֻˣ
лʶ㣬ʻٶȣԼеģǳʲô¡
лüԥƬ̣ӭȥ
Ƽһٷģˣ쿴ҼС㣡񡢺񡭡첻ˣ˵ڡ
лŴǰƿӣƼ״˿̵״̬ͫ׽һ
ֻ°ںɫճѪҺؿھƺһڶѪµ
лһ֪жˣ̧복 󣺡ðˡ
˵꣬һ°̶ͣ壬һʿƣ͵һģ
ڽǿڶѪ˳Ҳһȥ
л˲òϵѪӺŽ£ŵ۵Ϥ·ȥ򡣡ɺղųԹʲô
ˮȹɺС׷ĽŲֻͿЩѪҩ࣬ǴӼдġ
лʣҩĶ
ɺˡСǱ˶лԸŤͷܣȥҩࡣ
лһ·ȥԼסĶᣬҽһ֪⣬Ǹмҡ
Ժϴٷûߣ˼ңЩˮ
ٿմѪˣ˫һĨϽ䡣
лŴϣƻûоȡ
Ѫĳ̶˶ңƾܾȵļʲ
̶ڴΪüͷʱʱչŤͷƼлŲ΢һҲжˣ
û¡˵䣬лָСû⡣
Яҩ˭б¶ֽŰǶһ١
лЦ¡
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ʼ˯ȣججһݡ
һֱΪͷϵ˵£ɴ˵ް
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ڴ֮ǰǶصļױ
̫ҽ²⣬ڶ֮ǰǡ÷ʳƴ˶ʳˡ඾ڣɢȥȣ̣ʹ˻Ѫҩ۵඾˳Ǽ¡
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׽˫ΪԼ˽ңѾˣ֮ʣԤ֪Ρ
ٻ˵Ҳһ
ô˭µĶ
ųѡ
ʱµĶ
˳ڻϣǶھǣٳţֻȥμӹᡣ
ΪҪ¶
׵һʱ뵽ɱꡣ
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׼ҵȥݼ䡣
ԭǺ׮ӣ䲻ڣ˵˰Ӧѣܿỹס
佻֮󣬵ЩʱԹȥҪҪϢһ
ȥͻȻԼһΣﻹס
ҪԽڳж˿飡
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׵˵ͷÿɴᣲŷⷿԭסģǿͷ˭ס
ڲõļ򵥲ʧֻܰǳ鰸ûӵĶ;ڡ
鰸Ͻһм΢ݣӦʱڰ˯Եʡ
л˾ֱġɺţ£Ĵ

ԺУл˼ɫֱ۱ԷŶǰҶ
Щˣ۳Ŵ꽫̶űߣϴٷϴ߸̣ʲô¶˵ǷΣգҪߣôԽԽԼȥˡ
̴Ӵ°ȥлȻڣŵһ顣
ȥ
šл˼ȥֻʣ·ߡ
ΪֵĿ꣬ǡڡ֮ǰпڴ£סⶫᣬӦ
ԭڴסǱⱻӰ˾ҡ
ڲ᲻С
ǲˣڴ²ֻΪȫðűķ˵ǰȥ֮סĶ
ǸûǮ
ʱһӺƱһ·ȫˡ
һ֣һŰ
ɽУ˼࣬ʱҪĬĬ¼ӡ
֪ģǱʮկկϾȥ֪ģΪɢͯ·ˡ
Ҳǻٺ»лüһ˿ԼΪкβףһ٣ٺ»ס𾩳ǵĿջ
类۹ˡͳͭݸȫļҵˣʡŵ㻨


7 
8.3
лǼöͭ壬𽥽Ӳ
ѿ󣬺޺޵ȭͷ˳һʡ
Դǣ㳤ˣＷңл̵ļҧΪұٷסʱʰˣǲǣ
æͭģСҰˡ
ǣǰԼܲס˵˵߾ߣԴٷǱȦ˩סǣҰˡ
룬ⲱȦһӣöð
ֹʲôлһ¶⸱ı飬֪ڸԼҲ֪ϱ˶ˡ
̵ͷϴٷ˵
лҪ˵׼죬š֨ķС
лѸ֣Ȼı֮ת
׵лְһΡ
඾ҲַСҲᰲȻлһ仰ǡΪ仹ڵš
ߴϽȥ¡
ŭ⣬ȷʵ̸Ըɺȥ
лҲǴ˿̲ŷ֣ʲ˰¹Ѫ½鸡Ȼֱͦ
ߵʱһ£л˾ֱһȥ
л׼ҽϢ
ףİʲôͷ
˰ɴԴҲԡлӰ˾ûģֻĿ¼Եһ֪
ײٶʣƹš
ԽԽɣл˵䡰׼Ϣ֤ҪһҹǸϢްƣ״̬ǲ롣
ԼЩᣬ´Ӱϴİӡ
εĹԱЩڣڲĵĹء
лȴδ򿪹ӵĵǡ
ԭΪлǨ·ģ˾ֱة䡢䣬ڸ󣬳Ϊ׸
үүߵ·ֻүүΪڸԱ׸Զúܡ
л״̬ƺ뷨
С㡣˼ţл׷ͬһȥ
ţ죿
ǰΪⰸӼ򵥣Ը˼ںȻȤлЦһ£ǰߣԶԶ˦󣬡һˣһЩȽϺá
л֪ġ
԰Įģ֡
ֵΪ˴ʹϲٳһףҲλıְԸԶ߱أҲΡ
нԶͦαӰԽͷԡ
԰ͻȻģΪܺô
񣬸һһ
ԭھŭеķױЦˣ˵Щࡣ
Ҳܸɴ¶ˣٶЩë

лȽھֻʣʱһˡ
˿׼䣬лȥλ¡
ʱһӢȴص
ټټࡣ
ĻԼִ⡢Ӳġɱʱжһ꼸ˡ
֪ȻиθС
οҲЩû
ʱп׵ŨǸ⡣
׸ƪ۵Ǹ֮ǰʣأôԼ
Ƕȥüˡʱнͣҵˡ
ָʹˣҲǣ´Ӱ˾ֽʱ£סġ
ȥʱԱߵĿλ¡
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Ӱ˾дģǽµǷݣ϶ҴһЩϸڣʱ֪Ӧñ仹ࡣ
ʱеɱ֣¶ͽͬһˣҲͬ
΢ȣһ֮ʧȥʱھʲô
ЩӡʱҲ΢΢˵أԷָɾʱָָԼؿڣֱȻ״Ӧһذףֳκִ򶷵ĺۼ֮ǰ֧ŮԼڷС
ʱе㵽Ϊֹݸһ
üë
ͷ¼
лڶĿüȥûȤ֪ǵڴʲôգֻ״Բ棬ôˡ
֪Ӱ˾ȥץ֣Ҫ޻ԭˡ
ȫǳ
ʶ֣֮ǰԼڷм棬Ϊԡ
ֵֹϵȥ֮ɺҶѿ
ײǣ ôжҵĶµأذףҲö
ţͨˣ¶˼ɫ
ϳж֮󣬴ӦǱų˼ȥ飬¼ʬ壺Ҳ˶ֻδͱɱ
ʱĬϣǵؿɱֲץ̫֪ôģҴס
ɫ˲ڣʱæҹȥ˭¶֮ȫûͷ˶ϡÿ˶ʱ䲻ͬʮʱʮգΧʵڹ־ʱµĶ
ü˼˵ҲδڻеĶ֪֪⵽ʲôҩ
̫ҽԺ˵ӵмܸӰ˾δز֪
ʱЩ㣺
һΪжġ׺һۡһ֪һСڼܸųڵļ˵֪֪һ֪¶
˽ԽܸΥģҷ˵
ʱнס׵ѹѹ˶г̽𡣡
һֱȻԵõл֣̽Բ
ƺ
ЩڿʣֱߵĲյ
ʱд˻ϻӣ̽ǴԭģʧһмأڶʮǰϽڼ䣬ݳм̻ڴ˶
¶һŮС
Ͻң봺ݳԶںЩ̻ڻʳ׼ۣŮбһʱܱеĶҩ
ǲòʳԵͼա
Ůз˳̽ȴƲҩ¶̻ȫ߿Ѫ
оλŮӢۣΪӳɷƲãأ
ţѺȥˮǡ͢˺ˮͳȨܸҲʧȥ˹ڳ̽ļء
лŲǵһشɱϣһ졣
ʱеĻϻӱϣл֣ôˣ
Ҳȥ
ˡлǣͷȲ裬Լҵ֮Уλ
ʱдǷֻ죬һֱлһߣʵл֪֪ˮԼʮկ
л򶨣᲻֪͢궼ҪֵܣһȺں֮ڰˡ
治ں֮ڡʱ̾Ϣ飬ϣ繥/ˮǣˮͳȨϧ
ڣǼʸĸ߹ȫĿǳ֪ˮ֮Ǵκĸ󻼡
׶ǵʱи̾ٴˡ
 Ϊ̫Զҳϵ
Լ֮ǣˮǣҪϸһʱнݡ
ֻǵʮկĴկկӰ˾û̽
λկ͹ˣòªϲߵĶʤ֮޲Ѿף𽥳Ϊʮկ
ʣǽıֹǲѾǸһˣ
ֹʱ˵üǰǻƽͨ·ϵһϰܹµ
ѣ𽥷߿ʮկĴկΪҰģҲʵٲȻĻˣͬϽϽ̫࣬͢˵ܣܣӲԽ硣
ܣǺˮȻǴκĹǼ¡
κЩ궯ҵµ۵ǻ֮һֱϢ˲󶯸ɸ꣬ȷҪ
Ȼ֮Ȱڣ罫ʮկΪ;
лţٶһеĹǴɾ͵촷ۡ
ǿԼĵȴҲñǰ
ΪҰģ
Ҳ͢ǰóʲôӣҲͱȴǰôһˡ
µףӡ̫͸ȨһӰ˾ָʹƵĴɱˡ
Ǹگϸ
ǲ˵Сж¶ôˮʮկʲôлȰϧ
˳˵˶ѡʱֻصԭĻ⣬֮Ҳ˭µģҵİĽڶ࣬Ų鲻ѰλŮУƶҩ˭书ˮǱʱ˵Ѿˡ
ģҦùöлյץס̫ʦεķ֡
ϾӲһ㣬ѡ
ץ㶫ԼȥŤʱеĲӣ˭Ƚ˭
лԸ񲢲꣬ΪСû˸
˭ˡ
ȴҪһ̣ȫѻУơ
֪׵ߣֱ֪ɣɿ֣ٴζյ
ײڹ۲ִ˲ֻ˼άѣԸҲΪƱ䡣
ԭ鷨ѣȴֹھˣĪʲôĲ
ӣָʹˡ⣬Ӱ˾
ʱгл֣뺮ٳȥס
񾹴˽
ֻԼûһӰ˾
סʱͷһæӭǰվλǡý׵
ƹлĿֱָףǷϵŮ
״ڱվͬɲ֪Ǻ⡣
Ҿ꣬ǵһμ
ʮͷòΪӢ䡣ŽȾļֲӵò֪Ƥ಻̫
Ůˡ㵽ֹ
ĸп̾Ϣ걾ܹЯæҲû˵չ㣬ΪȮӣ֮ǣʵԸϡ
׳Ĭûϵѻġ
Ǻѣȴǰ̫
ƷӰ˾ָʹԴƷµĹԱȨն࣬ο
úܣ۵ڳ޵ĸס
סʱΧС岻ʣ˾վǻǸϽ뿪Ϣǡ
΢΢ףΪȻȴЦѯʷףҸղ飬С˷֪ͽǷ񻹻֡»Ȯأ㲻¸𳹲飬Ӱ˾İȫ֪Σ
ɫ糣ʱȱɫס
ֱۣʾ졣
ʱвٶԣǵףʹɫǧҪùٻػ


8 
˫һ
ӵʣ֪⣿
ڴ¡߽ʱЩӦǴӶóһ·׷񣬡ɱϾֲǷˣȨԼ
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13 
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л˾ֱͷһαֱӣЩⲻסϷգȴҲˣ¶
лعεƿĿ⣬һʣҪţ
Լҳɽǡ
߰ɡлתţƼڵһδ
ѣ߸ǧ֮ǰ
лֹһȥ⣬ǧ᲻᲻׶Ҷ֣
ҡͷģΪָʹӣͦԼоֹ
ʲôлģҪ̼һ¡ֱϵ˿ѿ±֡
á
һߵԺȥ⡣
һֱ˳ţײʱġɡδһȥɣЩ֡
ԥŽͣʵ֮䲢紫˵ģʱڲࡣ
лȴѣԷ븮εϤ̶ȣĴǰҲչֻķ븮ͼ
Ȥ˷һۣû뵽ԼѾƵ㡣
ײ²˼㲻ţ
лšܹȥ
أԷ׵Ĺ⣬׶ȴʮ⡣
ʲôлԡ
״ǰУл˾ֱĪûһ֪
⻰꣬һҵ
ӵƨδȫָлڣֲſţ۵ġ˻һ
ͣЪЪ޲λлðæ
ױ˵޷оȲҪʱƵģÿӣǵĶˣ
أС㣬ǰ߶ƹۡ
΢תͷл˵ƹ۽ǩȥһ
лȵؿǧԸģдšҲ족ģ
״ǰţԤ֪κ󲻵òţ׼Ļ޷Ҳʧһӡ
ڵͣлȥ֧ǩ
ʿ̯ȫڵſڣִӵлȻسȥӳעŷȥһ̯λǰ
ϵӹ׵ǩСǰ̣Ե
ףԶô
ϵΪѣһһǩֻһΡ
״Ӻɰһӡ
Сǩһ㣬Ҳ޷ϵ½ӣԵǩʾΪǧԵһǣǩСӶ˰ϡ
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ǰΣ׼źӣüͷģɽ
ϵϧǩʾΪ;СˣСѡеѹ˱üʱҷ֮
ɫݣһǩȷֻһΡ
뿪ߡлŰķӡ
ȴ˺סף
죬Ťͷһƣϣԭ㣬ʱӱ߹ػģ
ԩ·խˣԽ˭Խ˭֮ԶҵĵմŮ磣ͷˡ
˵ȫͷھǹŮȦһѣ˭˭ֻŵһˡ
мˡҲװȣװ˻ɣ˵ץ£Ҳ˰ӣʶ꣬ܲ
۾һУ׵λá
֪ں˵˵⼸Ÿߡ졣
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һҲգζЦţ˵ݵĻұ㡣
Ʋ˳Ľлõ֣
Ҿ͸ȥΪڰں磬콫ֱͦ
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ֻӵģΪЦĵ󣬼޸ûǰ;ûˣͦ⡣
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ϾҲͦȥѻֻˡ
ȷ׵뿪磲ŽؽǩСȡȥʿǩ
ɵĺܣѡҲλ뷢԰׵ϵʿ
ʲô
Ѱˡü˼ͣˣˡ
뽫Էдֽϡ
ΪѣҲ֪֡
ϵʿ֣û㲻׼
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Ѵߴ٣ǵųɽĥʲô
Ȼһ½ǡԼһѱָһʱΣ磬ҲûҪҰɣ˴տһ࣬ʲô
˵Ǵ粽롣赭д
ʱбĵһ˶ڼܸ⣬Լ͵͵ȥ븮аѵϣ
ɫٿ͹ֻԤ֮ǰ̨˻ȥ˵һֱĴòԼ˷ף
ʱæ˵һԼۡ
ѣǰΪ뻤Ȼ֪࣬ȷԼ
ģҿ϶Ǻվһߡʱָգĳ˾ҵĳˣ
ŸҳϣһԶԶʻתͷʱС
ʱӣŽ˭ˣѽǷС㣬ɰ
ԭֱӽʱϣѺسȥ
ʱϡڻһˣִͷѹ㶮ЩҪ˵ǣףһɱ˷ڣҡ
ʱӦһǸ⣬ĪҪ롣
ˡһֱӡ
лһǰɽƽͺͺģò˵ûУӦģǸţԲݵĺõط
ʶԼ˵˻Ҳţæͣס
ƺרעԶĨӰ
֣߬쳣ԣ޸ڲס
л۲쵽¶ƤëֻΣʱըëè
л벻ףԷ׵ĵѹȶ¶
˽ѣȻ־壿
ԭΪһԶˣֿ˴ѡ
λǧлֱʳڡ
˷һֵô
ȫ⽼ɽ飬˼
ǰǲ۸㣿лãˡ۸ʡ
ˣ֮ǰһ̵ˡ
Ȳ˵лƲ۸ŮӵˣŮ嵱꽫ȥˮǣǾã˭һԡ
㲻֪书ǿۼɱˣһ׷ӣһƼ;Ѫܵģ̹
¡лֽˣֱѵλãӭ̫Ŀƣ⵲š
һ䡰ԲһѪϡЩѿڶڵ˵⻰ŻᱻЦ
ڵģŤͷĿƣƺ˵ꡣ
лֻӲͷƤҵǰ棬Ҫ϶Ҳǽϡ
ˣǼΪã۵׵Թ޵ȥЦ⣺ģûôǿҲһˡ
һ򣿻ˣֻƵ϶ˣлӲȭͷֲֳܱƤЦⲻЦ˵Ǿͺáٴ
Ծ⵲ڷǰѸǧӡ
ѵֱ߳ɨȥл˾ֱͦС
浽ǰ׷Ӳúܣƿлһۣеص˲Ҳͦˡ
ʱǰסѣһ񣺡ɣСҲɽ
סŶһϷصģʱ˺üĹˣɽϡ
ʱбҭ˵
״װѿǰҲʲôŮܣպãһɽѹ˵ҵĻڣ
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ѱҪ׷ȥȴлżߣҲŻٶȣлһǰһ
ʱм˦һξ룬һڿ˵ˡ
Ҫ¡һСʯͷ߷ɣ·ʱ˵ȻԴʯͷߡ
ҴӦù˲ǡʱ͵͵󣬡лǼٵлˣǰôӰ˾ٻȥѰлֵĻ񡣡
׷˼أ
˵ֱƨֱмۺ졣
˻̫ţʱ˵ڣǾлֵоֹƳˣ͸ЩŹְɡҷļܸ⣬лʱţдιۿĳȣϧʮʱ֪ʲôս̫ǰ¶棬ܸռҲˡ
üͷ
ΪţȻڲͬлֲƳˣ͸ŹŹ֣ﲻԣʱָԼҵĹ񱲻Ǹࡣ
ȷʵ׵һʱнӴʱΪǫǫӡ
Ӵ˲֪ǰղ෹ǲṩġ
˭Ӳϣȫдڻ
֮ǰȻӰ˾ڶవǱڴ⣬ǵĶҶԷڳԷܡ
ʱᶢһ֮á
ȻӵЩͨҲʲôö
㺰ֻΪЩ֪лĹ治ֵһˡ
˳ѡʱн⣬⼸գΪҴ硭һֱڼܸзʮǰһЩ¼ǡдһЩ߽һЩ˿Լĥһο
ͷһμģҲʼרעʲôģ
ʱмֹҲ㸸׷ТͻȻʧ٣뵱ǧͬ˻йء


14 
ǧͬ˻ᣮ
ǧͬ˻᣿ʲô
׺ûԣö˶˵Ĳҵʲô
ǰʱаæܸжЩ֮ʣȾ׵ƷòŻ
ȻҲ΢档
үүȥֹ̲һӡ
ջȥˣ̲ãһ·
ʱ͵ƺһۣл֪ʲôûԼѹ飬Ҵ缸ǰ׿ڸң㸸׺
ڷ˵ƽһףʲô
ʱҪͻȻͣ㱣侲ҲŸҼ˵
ױɽĲ˵
ʱб㽫Ѹĺг
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⣿ķӦʱԤĲ̫һ
ȻأΪܺߣ
û֮ǰԭҲΪѰǧɡ
ֻǴûȥ룬Ż𾪡
ߴʱУ˵¶Ҫ
ʱֻܼ˵ҴѸĽԼ˼Ҳԭᡣְֶ̲ܺΣǴ˰ӡ
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ʱڼܸڣ߲ݷ˷Т̲пֵܾȫҪ
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Щʵۻӹ޵żֱڵӰ˾˼ų켺ĵæų塣
зণԹصϽ췴ԭء
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ʱίúܣֻóھֲóȥ˿룺ȻԼҴ𣿡
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תһȦصԭ㣺ղ˵ǧͬ˻ᣬʲôģ
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ڵľǾ˵ͬԺĹټţϲ黭Ʒ趼С塣
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Ȼ֪ѱҲã֮λʲôˡ
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ƼǰԽԽ̸۵ĻȣвԤ
뼲ǰʱпߣȴ̷ֲŹ̽лĻᡣ
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лҲǰȥ
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лװ̽ͷСΣ֮Уҷ֮뱣
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Ц˼ǣĶǿ
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뾩֮ɡҹٴ˵㡱ɱǧĳһС
ĵȾͱȣ˭˭϶Ůĳ𣬳罫ǧɡǮ

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пܡ
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ТھǣǺεȾžޣܸڹļ¼ʵٵÿ
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ҺҲµģִͬ˻ᣬǴˡ
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ԹѰ˼ţǰͬ˻˾ְдţҵɲλǲ̲аģҵей١
׳Ĭ
ʱĦԼϵĴ壺˵ԭķǶԵģӦд˰ӣҴļˡֻ̲еģǧͬ˻йٵеġ
˼Ƭ̣ƵȻô£
ңŭӣҿȫƾ汾̽ģ
ʱĸɥʮ֮ǰסһ䷿
żȻ䣬һʱҹǼҡ
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ʱк漫ˣˣʱײͷ
ײѪιȥ֮Ϳʼװӡ
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ܾշҹѷ
ʱг̾ɺ˾Ͳˣһ֪⣬Ȼ֪Ҵ硭
δ˵꣬ͻȻתߣǧɷһ˵


15 
Χ¡׽桱
ԭĹע£лϣûϵǰķ׾Ȼתìͷ׼Լ
ʶͣסŲ
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лʣǧǲǲΣգ
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үүΪѡͯ򣬲ˣֻٵĺѡ
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16 
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17 
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18 

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Ŵ߳о֣лɵңͷû֮ǰǲȡģƲ·
صĹؾأصľл໰ΪӣСǣǰߡ
סϣҪ;԰һƬͷ˵ͷ·ʶߵʮֻ
һλЩȹڰҿлֿ졣
վȺлʵ벻ͨСβǶſͣˣŹȥã
ϣ֧ǩǩһֱСһɴǩĵ¶ǩʾлɳɻ;ѡ·
лӲЩȴٿȻþȻЩ׼ţ
װ˼⣬Ԥ֪εʾټ֧ǧԵһǣʲôɵĵģ
νġ;
лԤ֪γΪһƷԼϣô;
ͨˣ·Լѡģڡ֡
ν;ָӦл·²̫˳
СԹٳ֪ʼޣǰĹڼ򵥡һָͷּڸ㣬Ըʸ߷壬ȻҲµ͹ȡ
ܲѡģ¡
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ʵйȥļҸô죿
׵Ǳ·յ㣬ô죿
л΢촽֪Ļԭϻ˴ĵĳŵһȫ޸Ů֮䡣
Բ𡣡лʰ飬ǣǰߡ
ǾĹӸ磬Ϊĸ֮ɻ飬ԭԸⷬҲҪȥ
ϧǡ
׻˵ЩҲΪ֪ʵݡ
ף侲
ײ֪䡰ԲΪ⡣
оѣҲʿɶֹٿڡ
ĬŵִС

Ȳţǿոлĸģûڻֳ
׸Ÿͷһϲлء
һжֻ˰ݸĸʱл泯
ȱȥ°СԺ
ߵıлһʶǷ˷ТӰ
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˾˽Ҳˣ֮󣬾ȥ̽ȡ
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ȼԼҴ磬¶ЩҸǿӲһġ
ָл׵Ļ¡
ȷ˫
лʱԸолͼ
Ů֪ͼҲ⣬ʱ𣬽ȾͲٿŻ¡
뵽Լʣ֪Т븸׽ˣŸڽ̻ӰŴӦȢ㣬ҲԸ⡣
ȿЦ˭Ҳͼء
ʱ򣬾ȨƵ˶ż޸
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Тһۣ񱻹ϡ
ʹТȷ˵ĻǧͻȻʧ٣ҲȻȥ
Ǹɷ򣬸ΪһøףȻԸޡ
᪵ʱȰΣˣ
ڡҡͷֻСΣҵĲҵģĲȴҴģûԸ׽Լڡ
ʱĵĸ˵޻ڡ
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л㶣ֱ
ĵˣ磬ư취»ҹⲻǹȻ
ȥ棬۾˵۵ȴްģ˵Сϲɥһ죡


19 
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лˡ
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װưͣҲż˰ѵӹ£ ƫеĶ
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лҲʶһ㣬 Щɡתһ룬 һˣÿԶ롣
ʼԺࡱ
ȴƽһЩ ˵ҽ͹ԼʱеĹϵʵҾѡ
л֪
΢΢ۣ֮ǰɽ·ϣ ǲ۸ңˣ ʵүүȥ⼸꣬ ۸ĺܲҡǼ֮ǰ꣬ Ҽҹ£ 
лٿ鰸̧ͷ ԭľʧ˵ȥ
ھ ʵܾ֮ǰ үүΪѡͯ򡭡
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˼ԭҲѰ
л֪֮Ĺڣ Ϊף ҲΪԵĿꡣ
֪ ĶԹ㣬 ӦЩ֪ìܣȢңЩֲ֪֮
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лǺóӷȴӦ岻͸¶ףзƵúܡ
ԭվڶߵģֻ۶ö˶һ̽ɣ䵽ء
Щľת˼ţӱΡ
лõһų
ѣл֮ǰΪһö֣ΪӣҲ䣡
߬ȭͷ棬ǼΪϵʯȻ
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лȷ׷ܵŮˣæŴ֣ͨ׳ʮկеʱ䶼Լ˾˼ȥ绨ѩ¡
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Ŷָô֪Լⲡģ
øҵҩлţｫҩƿȡ˽;
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ķ΢΢㣬Ϊָȴ²ָʲô
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лٱһƣԼҪ¶ˣԥ˵;ϵķգΪֻھҴȷһұȥ߾һ֮ءǮҲ޴ԭʼﻻˮȽӹʳôŻʱԽߵķ籩ȷᷳ᰾ס
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ʲô˼ǴԼԼˣ


20 
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лĿвһ˿ײϣλկǻˣ
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ЩǺ֮ܶԸȥƴôҵӺùһЩˡ
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иʱЩ̧һżȥ泤ϣ˵ͬʱһ۷ףûɿ
֮лϪĿɣԼ˵֧֧ģկҲ϶ʮկйءֻ飬ûעľֹϴ˵ָ̽˺ˮǡ
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ԳʮկˣԼġ
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ӣۣŰɣˡ
߰òײżֱդסȦ֪ˣ㰤Ӳ˵ȼˡ
СʶܹҲû޹Σæְο޹ء
οҡԴӵ֪Ѿܼգϥǿޣ֪˶ǰ˰ӣͲѪᱻطЩˡ
Ҳ£޹أʮĽл˾ֱҪΪޡ
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˵ͷͷǵģ
׷ģȷʵΪŻޣûκǿ
£üη֮̾˿лѡɣδ̫Щ
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ˣضѯл˹л˵һ
ļΪлϪǱԩģӦȥܺһ
лϪЦлҵĿ˽䱸Ϊʮկկ
ϣǡ׻΢Ц˲࣬ȻԸʧ
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ΪԼȻǸ⡣
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ջϣìͷȫָϣŷ籩Բ⣬ΨΨŵŵʼռûдڸС
ڲ׾Բһļ͡
ѹֳһپܻհģĽˡ
롭лˡͷл˾ֱˣηڵ㡣

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СԵʡΪΣ̫٣۲
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˵Ѿת뿪û֮ǰ·ҪǣŵĽģ
ȷɿ죬ɾʮġ
лԼһƣ뱻ǣţʵǣ͵ˣʲô졣


21 
絶(ĩβС)
׽һȥη ڷ
л첽׷ȥסֹȥ䣺㲻ȥ
ΪʲôŶ²ã ֪ҹҲǰ ڼУ Щʱæˣǵʵúܡ
Եʣ лǩһ£ ǳɻһ죬סǲף ҹҪȥηδ̫
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׳ʹü æɿЩ
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л΢΢ƽʱ֮ȥ Ҳȥǵָͷ Ҳ롣
ĵů Լĺ ֪Щš
ɽŸ˽յΪý飬ҲȾЩԳ
ֱֱ ΢΢Ŀ üع͡
л˼Ļᣬǣߡ
⣬ ϰٽı⣬ һֻ޹ǵСץٴС
벻 ⱲлгԼսʤֵһ졣
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л˵ƣ ĺͶģ׷ֱ档
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л˵ƣƴʱƼվԺУͣȣڱǰȷ磬ȥ˱ؿô졣
԰ǹȴܲ˻ҳɳӡ
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Ŀ׹չȣתԺ߱ȥ׼
Һôﻹһҹ£Աʱ֮衣
ٵȴߣлԾϷȥ׷Ǹڹ
ڹлתӡ
л߶׷ȷԼµĲȻġ

һ·˴£ԾһڽլԺС
լԺҹˣؿտл֣սپ
ԾʱлѸݳԽ÷λϷһȭ£
ȭͣѹǧƣ˼æ󳷣ԺС
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лǰķλȥأһתƷл
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ТЦԼҪԣң
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Тҹ˻ᴳ½ͼʵлϪݣ㼱ŻȥЩɱˣ
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կָڴϵǼ֣һþλȣǼǴӰ˾ǵױϣټʬҲҵˡհԭɵֻСӣҹȷͷ˾ͷǳ
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Т򣺡ûһֿܣлϪҲѣΪŲЩء
лȻ׹ˣ
ТͷСγɻǰϦлϪȥ㣬ӸϳȥʱҼˣ˸ɡ
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ŵһϾְƷ٣һС٣һ̣һʿ
Ǽͬѧʶͬһͬ־򣬼ü鳼Уռࡣ
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ˣҲɱˣһЩ˲ɱͻʹһֻӻױֵĶҩλѡ
Тл֮ǰ˵̽ҦƵģǣĳ̽ʵͬ˻ģҸġԭʶȻţΪλѡȥˮǣΪˣҲ׽ҡ
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ЩŻϵˣĸΪ̤£Ǭ
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лԭǽ£ֱ϶˾ĸ֣ɫսѵҵ
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˲Ұģһֱͬ˻ĲȴŪǽнԶҴ绹Ūƣƾƣɽ֡ڻɣĵְ᲻Ǹָɵģ
лͬ飺˭
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Тҡͷ˵һǧһ򣬻̫֮ͬ˻͵̫죬Ǹû׼ϳ˴ӡ
ɫż˵϶˾±֮󣬴綪Ƶ龹˹ȥӹһ٣֤Ǹھģ´磬ͬ˻񣡡
Тһļ򣬰ζŨ񣬴ˡ
Ϊ˱ٲȻѾͬ˻Ͷǹֱۿ;ԽԽԶǧͬ˻ҲУΪ߹
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ТüĿ¶į֮ɫųҰдһ淢ţ˵һ£ȥʷ̨Թٳ浯ջųննֻ̫һСӡ֮ǽͬ˻ɢš
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ԩúܣԭʵֵѲǣТ书ףǲύžƶſڸϴԡ
˵Լݱ΢Т˵ʮӶʮ
˵Լƥ򣬷Т˵ƥ
ȫǱһӶϲ˰֡
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÷Ƿְϲ˷ףΪپʵʵвŻ֡
ЩȷдǿŸɢ֪ȫҶΪǷűնףʱˣ¶ġתͷԷТ˵ҲһֱעţŮôģԼĥҲǺſʼ߳
ТɫֻʣȻǳɻ֪дĸţ꣬˭ģ
Ѿ飬˵ģҲʹ飬ҡҲǹֵˣƴУȴ֪ʵڿ
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24 
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25 
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˦֮ лֻֽڰա
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ҲһֱòѪӿԼŷҳϰˡ
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26 
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лϪʲôҪԻ
ȥһ׮̧֣ͦ Լ°ͣ ƺ˳˼ ǣʵڲ̫ϲֽԼеĸо ĵģ ˯ȡ
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27 
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28 
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29 
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״̬߰죬 лǿںѱԵˣ ڿʼоƣ뷦 ɰ;ϣһֱӲš

꼸죬 ڷ硣
ů СԺеһҲŨޣһµʯƷ
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ⷬڣѣеġǴٷˣһ㡱ʵݺĶȴҲޱḡһ仰

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31 
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32 
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ȣ Ųǽ֧壬ͷ ˯Ƶġ
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33 
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תͷ Ƽ˵Ů߳š
ʱ̫ɽȻһɡ կķΣͷϹűɫɴ ·á
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֪ʮˣ Ϊһʹõ޲ λҽߡ
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37 
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ף˭ԼԼĲѷԽĸɽΨвϳԽڲ֮ء
˵лŵתسǣӰ͸ԭҴСɽһ죬ֻǿûûεģһֱðˡ


38 
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39 
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40 
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γлûٽ˦ôԶʱʱͣ
׸лԶ֮ǰɣ̸Ϥ·ŵƵģʱպõִһϢҶ
лȡë޵Ƥ̺ӣҶƽ̹̺֮ãҽһ߾ͷ
һӸǡ
Χҩ֮ʾȥ˯
Լȥ俿ǽϰԵϥ
ʱҲ¶޹ֱʯϣѵʹ
͵ë̺оھе˯Ż
Įϵҹ䣬ҶҲû̫ߣʯӰӰ´Щˣȴİ
᲻ԭл˴ϸܶչˡ
ˣʼҡˣĺ뽫ߣŬô
ԭǸ˽ˣͻȻΪ룿
ؼ飬ʲô
ٿˣĴʯͷʲôҹȥ
ϧΧлʰɾˣʲôûС
ֻϵң⹫ϡֵǣһ֪ӣˣ
ֱ˯ë̺ͷ
ôˣлֶ̲סʡ
ײ
лѣ̺Ӳ͸СıԼˡ
ȷʵЩΪģ˵֪̺ӵ⡣
˵̬ﲻʹ죬һ̺ӣЬҴСʳģ˯ҶϽҹ·ϾִܵԶҪ˯
˵ߣûߵھͶһ¡
ķֱСܻɻů͵̺ˣǻ߰ɡ
лúЦúܣ֪ܻû
£·۵úܣûһ˯ˡ
лƽȣȻ˯ˡ
һ첻ôȻģ
컹޵ģûһȻᶼǶǵᣬٴȱ
ղշת࣬л͵һ䡣
óûǲǵͶȥʣΪȡ衣
лҪȥ硣

ڶ˼ԶѾԽԽˡ
лǰ·ٶԽԽ·ࡣ
֪лԼ˵ͬŻٶ̵ĸ
ͣͷһ˦޼ߡ
ʧĵϣл˵֣ɺȣҪ
ԥѾ˵ûôҪ
ˣȻͲҪٺڡ
ĥĥģһֱŵִ
ſڴ׶˵͵ɣȻһȥ˵
ϽˣлޣڻܡҵüʱУл㲻صģԺҵġѶᴫȥġ
׳Ĭ˻ðɡ
һĬĬȥĬĬǣߵļ
⼸ն˲棬һֱǺлһģ˿
ΪлӰ˾ӵģδ롣
ֻл˵ҿĽĺøȢôõӣŷֿһ죬ܣ֪һ·˶ٿ࣬ɵü
лĵصϧˣҪϢ缸촫ؾǣ㲻ݿࡣ
ʲôϢԡ
㲻ҪȥʱУȥ
лʱںδתȥ
ǰڴ¼оͦƽһˣôӰ˾֮󣬱ôקĵֲȥӰ˾ͦʵġ
ײлֻ˵ȥʰһ£̻ȥ
ôѾһȦԼҲͦ࣬ʱȥ㼱ŻؾʲôûмµĻϢ죿
ҲˡҲԭ򣬡߰ɡ
ִˣԶжƢȷС֮⣬ֲлղôק
ɶ񣬾͸ôһٲǣ֪׿ɲܹ۸ġ
һսˣ򲻹
㲻Ҫ룬ҴҲû뿪ãˡ׵ͷԼĽż⡣
˵ģˣӦУߡ
˵֮ʱлȥʱС
ʱҲΪǽӵ񣺡ֲҵûץһȥԭ֪лڴˡ
Ӱ˾û˽㣿лüͷ˭ͷ׻ȥ
ôлĿǰȥʱҲߣò׳һˣû湻
лʣӣڸѡΪµʦλˣоΪΣ
ʱв̫ףлָһ棿
л룺˲ѧ֮⣬Ϊ˴ķ档
ʱгƬ˵֣
лθ
ʱеͷţȤס
лʣ᲻ȢλŮӣ߹ѸΪޣ
ʲô⣿ʱƵĪ˵ˣҲⰡ
лٿʱ˵Ļɨһۡ
ʱâڱƵۣڵػ˻βӡ
лԷûǸ˼֪հȰһ£׳ͷ
лʣǸǾǵķףһΪʦȢ޹Ѹ˳Ц
ʱаڰ֣лˣĵӣһ΢Щκ׷׵ķǡԭᱻЦ¶ȥ˵ǲףܳΪһ׮̸
лʲôκӶǡ֡
Զݱɡ
˼ʲôó
ѹôҪдͻ
ŸͿס
ʱвԾл֣ǲʲôСϢȢޣòʲôȺáѵޣ
һ仰˵лɫѿŤͷߡ
ʱ϶Ϣҵ죬˸òĶްɣϲ͵ѸɾЩȻˡ
ҿû׷ȥضᰤ
ʱҲû̫֪࣬ͨʰңֻһӵʱ䡣
ǸӣӴӦ뿪ִſֻ˰ʱ
лһǣֻʱ̸
ԶĳȾǸ֣磬
ǣߵ·ڣһ·ͨǻȥˮǡ
һ·ȥǻعԭ
˵棬׺һСģȻȥˡ
лòף·Сġ
׵ǵִӰ˾ٻȥݡ
İɡʱдӦ
лǣϻعڵ··˶ֻ࣬ǣߡ
Ҳת̤ϻؼҵ·
ԣĮϵկļҡ
ǣʮл̲סͷƼѾࡣ
֪ǲҲͷ
˵ˣѧֻʱ⡣
лıӰɴҲڲסò·һΣô죿
Ȼиţ
һ·Ӱ˾ٻһصʲôΣգ˵ͨΣȫӦ
ˣ˼Ҹϡ㡣
лתһɾߡ
ֱǰһʮկӭ
ƷԶԶԼ첽ȥⲻկڣȭ
лһĶʮˣȫȥɨʱõ£ôˣģ
Ʒɵկ˵Ǹһȥǣ֡
лķִǻȥҪҲȥľǡ
ƷɲĻկ˵ȥǣ϶ȥ
կԸ´ƷɽĳϻӴ򿪣ȡлҵļҴ絶һ˫ַϡ
л΢΢üе絶¶ֵɫ
Ʒ
կ˵գһ
ִⲻգȥٷˡ
ƷСصկ˵ŷǧҪͶӲӲ
Ʒɻû˵꣬лȻһᡣ
ֻл絶УƷһ
ôԼԾ
㺰ǸлƷһת絶첽ȥ׷ס
Ѿߵϡٴ׼ޣ֮ͷ
лȺ
лִǰе絶Եָָ׷Ķ飬Ըصҵ˵²ܰ;ϣǵñȥǡ
׿һ絶ֿ׷һˣֻϳˣһǴկ˼ȫƷɣһȥͷԵ˵ֽýڱС͡
ǴŹڵķΣòҲˣƶǺˮŷĺ
лܵлսӰ˾Լõá
ֻҪͷ˵Щ˶ǴӰӪõģ˻ɡ
һллھһ˳ԱȫҲֱȥ󶼶ӲӲ
Щǣ
ʵͦ׵ģô˭ǣ
лûſ嶯һУǣסа
ǲ˽Ҳ֮ǰѾǣס
׵ͷһ߰ɡ
һȦֺĴһˡ
Ʒɽлǣͣں󷽵֪Ȥûп̫
лûжָŷֱߵ콫ʵϸˡ
£׼ֹģ
лͷƺǹ˵ƥ֮ǰӾһ·ҷƥ
ȻǺ⹫ҵıûвõġ˵Ŵƥȥġ
Ŀ׳Ʒ߹ȥл˫ȭͷһ߬
ҲƲסԼߡ
ֻо磬лѾǰ˵ֱȦס䡣
ױ˵棬ϣĹʹòϡ
ӷǶȣǡÿƷɵһȺʮկˡ
һ۾߷߲ѡ
ǿıǲǹģ
ǰҪʱץס˼޵飬ʲô֣
ŭ޾۸ˣ
ʱȰû֮ǰսСԸ㻹˽⣿ŵ˵ʱ侲˿£׽֮Ƣǿúܣ㲻ʹ㾢Һսĵϣͷ
Ƕ磬뿪븮֮ټֻһûɫҲɫ
ʹ֪ѴҲһ䲻ʡ
˽ĵᣬֵĴ⬡
ȻҲԽԽӲ֮ҲݱԽԽҡ
ʱвָף磬Ǹܺߡ
ֻٳԿͷ
һȴûз
׺˰ûá
л۱߻ƥǧǰ
Ҳǰ
ǧ͵ظأʵվǰҶ㡣
Ͳ࣬޷ȣֻ˫ס㵽ʲô
ҲҪʲôлѹ˵ڻǲǷޣΪҪСң
Ҳѹ㲻ǸңկĹأֻҪȥĸ׺̸£ܽԭĻϵ
ǰһȥݹĸ׺ӣҿȥݹ
лǲˣǰԭسɵסýȢӣȫǶ֪
ףǶ֪
Ҳ֪лԼǰſȥӣһš
Ϊܾǰ㡣
׾һֻܳס
лסȲ˵޿סҪȵˣھͿʼģ᲻̫ˣ
˵ʲô˻ұʲôˣױָգ⻰ʵˣǰʮկһˣǵҪһơ
лʣʲô
ͱ˵ģ׼ûԳίҧŴ
İǲǣлίǿ˵ȥʺЩˣҵƢˣҵľֻҵϱǵ뿪ңƾʲôɫ
˵˭Ҫ뿪ˣû¾
ǰֱԴŭ
˵ˣɶԺ˽ۡ
лס䣬׾СѾ˵ˣסһȥ޵ġڴ֮ǰһûд飬һû棬ʼҵĽᷢӣҾչ㡣
˵꣬ͷƷɵ˺ȵˣȥǣ
Ʒһ˻ӦʱЩڡ
лһۣŻæĿڣǣǧˣ


41 
дĲźáޣ
̣ ̫ɽּ꣬ǰס˿ջ
лǰܣס˶һֲٰ졣
׺סͬһ ĿջȽϼª ڳ費࣬ ɾ
Ƚ˷䣬վŲ лǸ
лط֮󽫱ĵһӣ Ҳûһۣȥϣ Լֱۡ
״һԲڵ¡
ĿЩʹ棬 ַ顣
á
л´᣿ ջûоڸƣ۾һҹ
ӱʼ һ磬 ʵܲӵ̬ȡ
ʣ㾿ʲôĲ ö˶˵ģ ôһҹȥ Ǳ˸ˣ
лĵˣϿʼ䣬 ϲʣû׷ ǲһӶʣ
ƾʲôҪ㣿ϵĲ豭Լ˱ˮ
ǰһܣ ֪壬 ҹʹĴû˯ ģ ˭˭ˣ֮ҵĴ
ǲǵҪǴΣл⻰Ѿб죬ұɱǻƴңԼ¡˵ĲǷ󲻿ɸ룬źҵʱΪ⻰žأԼзϣ
ʱҪߣ䷢ĵ
˵أȫӶһҹƾƣڶ첻˵Ƴһۣʶһ䡣
ԭˣǰΪڵ˵ֻǸĹ߰ˡ
Լ£׺ˮĶȻһ١
ɸ룬ȷһֱԷ޹ϵ֪ԭܶ˵򵥣ס
ʶ׽ԺԽ׽ԽԺ
Ҵˡ״ãоѣæԼ̬ȡ
էһϴл̫ϰߡ
׵в𣬵ԲΪֲ𡣡
лƱ磺ʲô𡣡
ǰҵһŬĻ飬ƽľڵǡͣЪ£ɣ֮ʱӦңȥ㣬ϲǿҵĽҵ⣬Ҵˡ
һȱ㣬ǰ֮ദСˡ
ֺ߸ϵġ
ֻԴǶ̫ûб¶ںȻ¶Լû
л⼸ôѰһ겻͸öչ˵Ŷԡ
лû̫˵ʲôŭ⣬ɡʱɢıȿ紵ɳ졣
ԼҲûãһ˲䶪ףͷˡ
ߣһֺģǲܸ˫飬ҺͿԼǵôҲ֪ʷ
лڴɵĵɵæĹؾأСʱѵʱҲ֪ˡ
ǾͲˡ׼þգһҳƹȥ˵˵ôͻȻͱˣ
лԥ˻˵ΪҵļҪɣˡҹҺȻӦһܳصҪԭǡ
ףţ
лᣬ˺ò׻ָദһ仰ֱ
¶Ǹ񣬻ûסҾŮ˸ûġ
üôûˣ
лҧҧ˵еķɣȫΪҴ㣿ûоʵʺ㣬ޱǿ
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Ȼȡ裬л˫۳ڴϣǰ㣬ͷٿ
׵˵ϳûһΪ㣬˵˻ûʲô˼ΪҪʲôûһ䣬ָֻǹߣ㴧뷨Ҫôο㣿˸ɣһʲô
л̧ͷ˵ѵʵ
ô£׾ĿԽԽܣ֮ǰ˵Ҫٷˣû棬ˡż˻飬֮ദҲǱӣеǹߡ
ĬĬǻҲ㹤߰ɣָֻȡůƣҸѪԵˡ
лĥԼĶѪԵˣ׹󣬺˼ġ
ֽ΢΢飬ʸԽԽأҵʱǹޱҸⱲ±±Զʵֲҵġ
л˵ˣ㡣
Ҷ˵Ҳ᲻ãҵҲôһΣұ㣬¼һ᲻ãô˵ûġ˵ȥˣߣͷϣӬܵúܡ
˵ʵʵܡ
ҹ˯٣ںɺĵ࣬żë
̫ݻǼ׷Ǹ·ʵ̫ۣҪˡ
ֽð亹ʶҲģŬлֱۣҺܣ졭˵Ҵ򣬵촽飬˵
л֪ΪǱԼܡ
Խ˵Խ𣬺ԼΪҪ
ԸҲ֪ô£ôԼ
лһ֮ȥ֣л˵
ͻȻˣʪȫǺ
лŷԣļ泯Լȴ˫ɫϡ
лʶˣ˲両һ亹
̣лڲûƽʱûһãʱżǵҪ
л̱ȥʣ⸽д򣿡
ƹæָ·ǰӿھмҽݡ
лŷֱӴӶ¥ڿջſڣ˳ȥ
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лæϣ齱ߣϸŴȡ˼Ѩλ
֪ôţͲסеĿֻţ̲סʣҷô£ûʲô󰭰ɣ
ʩߵģļʱ
ǰοлţҲĲʱд󰭣
ʱҽΣҲǳе¶˥Ĵˡ
лѣʲô
ʣƽǲ̫ģ
öࡣл鰸϶ѻɽľڣһ·䡣
ⲡעһЩһˡ
ʩ룬һ˿Ѫɫ˷׵ա
ҲɿͷĺˮëȻգֻҪܻһͺˣӲ̫ġ
Ҳġл齱߶ţԴʹͷֱۡ
ⲻܿƵĽӲţĪ˵ᵶ˴ӱһһб¶ȥ
ԼǲҲ˲뺰롣
лסԱȷڴºſ඾һΡ
ȥ֮󣬼ȫ³ĺѪɫë̺ϴĿġ
εɺϣۼֻʣһȴʱǧ򱶡
ɵʱͷӦʲô
أ
Ҳδ̫

˴ʱתѣƼİĻһ
ֱлţϤĸо
лָȥҶ˵ɡ
Ťͷɫ԰ףűԼʱɫ
֪Լŵǿһ˿ЦݣοûµģֻһСëѾüˣҲԼ
Сëлŵ˰ھʣǲǱģ
ɴûƢֻһΣССһ£⵽ġ
Ҳˡ
׷ǵŤŤЩľĲӣǵģ֮ǰȥҷТܣûϵϴηǰף临˸ľڣϵüÿֻ˯һʱڰʹЩʡ·Բ˯۵ˡ
ЩͷΣˡ
лӵԱߣ˫ֹ֣л˵
ףţ
лҪڣӺ߳ˣ
лæλóôΡ
ֺһѯ˼ҩ˵ˣмǲ̫ġ
ױҩл뿪ҽݡ
澹Сֻ꣬ȥʴ˰ɡ׳˱ҩÿճһִֻɡ
ҹѲ̫˵Ӱ
лţղŴ򽻴ĳص㲻ˣϢգؾȥҲ
˯ʱ֮ǰ˯ٿڿҹ
ײûԹ˯ε̫ʵ˯Ű
лΪǺϰģҾ飬ҵӲǸϰ
׵Իڣû
лѾ滮ˣʱ֮ǰ㲻˯Ҿ򣬽ӵȥ˯
֮ԱǣȻ˾ǣӰ˾ɲӣæúء
лĵð죺ȥҲʱ֮ǰؼҾ췴
̿ȴûлӦ
лġ
ü㻹췴
Ķ˵ǡؼҡлͷüͷ˵ζû˵Ļϸ룬һȥǰȥ٣˭ɿֻҪңҶܷġΪţ˭Ҳҡ
Щˣ׽ɡŲŲûĻ
ԼͺãһꡣлöͷɡȥӦһ
ײӦ㣬ΪηǵҪҴӦ
лִúܣΪдĲźá
ףʲôдΪ̫Ҫ׸
ǼǳԲǴ򰡡
лߴ٣Ӧҡ
׳Ĭ˺ܾã˵пĻԭ᲻÷֣Ȼ㲻ܣǵ㱻˩סҲãҲҹԶޣҸǰҵۡ
ԶԶԣһáлüЦҾϲһЩõ顣
׷˸ۣ㻹ЦóΪɿһ
ʲôл£岻ʣ׵̫ߡ
Цü䣬ڵĸǣɾĮϵĿ磬ǿΣһܻɢȥȫġ鱧ŵģʵġ
ʱ΢ʧأ׽§סĲӡ
̧ͷЦݣȾҲ
УȴһɨյʸС
ܿ죬ֻʣ¡顱֡
л˵ܳ˵ˣô飿

ڶڷȹҩȥ緹ʱֻǳǳ˼ڡ
лΪûθڣ˵θڡлʲô˵ҩԹ
лܳȥʮֻ
ջƷһ˿æǰæӣĿɿڴ
лƢʱ̬ȣġ
λ˻ɵǲǼ
Ҳǲ죺ôô죿
ʱЦûʶ㲻֪޴ͷܴβͣ
ûɻ飬ֻ֪̾ҽöб¡

һ˺üգȷ΢³˳
һһ·ȥ档
Ӱ˾Ҳûߡ
лȥĵط࣬;֮ﾰһһ˾ôߡ
·ʱл֪һجġѴӽִﾩǡ
˵ȥ˿סҲ֪ʲô˼ԸƷȻؾǣ޵һһ
ߣһ²Żȥ
վǴ꣬·ɨż
ȻصϤķ븮лԡԼ鰸оֵһ̤ʵС
ֻӰ˵顣
Įͦǣ׼ȷ˵䴦µĻ鷿׾ܾ
СºȻ
л̲ס̾˿Ʒɣ㲻ţǽǸʲôòǱ븮İɣ
ƷɻǱģС˾ǣλĴˡ
лţҼУ㲻Ҫ͵͵һ
µƷֻܴӴţε»̫ϰߡ
ϰߡл߹ȥżѹʣλô
Ʒɱࣺ¿ܴ󡣡
лһ⻰۾˵˵
ƷҪ˵лƼ׳ɡս˴ţϴλʹ岢û쳣һ·ϿҲ˵á
лܾĴɫһЩ΢΢ϣҪ
ȵȵȡлʾƷͣ
׻ظȺ͹ܼģƼƷɣ˵˵¶
ȥлסҲһƷ˵ⲻС
Ŷ׵档
˵ɡлƷʹɫ
Ʒɵλ˻һ£ûʽΣլԺﰲӽĻݣǳŲμӸϯ
⽻ļ㣬ûκ檣ÿ鰸ǰʱ첻ģϾȥŪݣոһռûб仯
ȽϷḻЩĹԱѹģ·ˣ˲۽񣬸иɻ
Ҳʹ˻ͽģǮȱ˵ڽǼС̻̣ҵ׼Ϊ񡣡
ˣƺ֪ɫȤʦһ٣Բһû꣬㱻ٵ鲢ïһȰ룬߰ٿŻȥˡ
ǰ°ţлһۡ
лѯƷɣ㲻˵ܴ󣿡
ǡƷɵͷ¾Ҳδ̫㣬ѹֻᱻѡΪʦ㷢һŵ㣬ֻᷢʵ΢ŵ㡭
ɡлƷկͦģôǳ˸ɵӣ
һ㡣Ʒ
ʲôлû
ƷɵԴֻһˣµĴ䣬Ρ
·ü֪Ҵ䣬ǳǳл
ڸ֪ҪؾʱЩлݻᱻ
˼ǣܼҳɡүλ˹˵Ľ˴κתӰ˾һˣԼ¥һۡ
лƳܼӡ
һޣԼǰŸյǣӾˡ˱죬ںҲڵġ
ȥлԸܼȥƵ˵۳Ͷ۵úܣԼ
ƾʲôԼ͵ðȥ磬ˡ
ܼҳŵǱ߻˵ʱڼµ;˵Լһ档ϾΪ飬ۼΪʵȻ


42 
ģҪϲˡ
л˴˻ٿؿƷɡ
ƷҲס ȫ֪ԼǺʱֵġ
ȥӦһһ׼ʱ˵ϣлٲȥƵġ
ǡܼҴҴ뿪
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ڶԣǸΣյĵˣӦԡ


43 
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44 
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˲̫ͷؿţ㲻ԣûгĻᣡ
һ׿־԰˭ĵʲô̸
һѣ˷ӵʱ䡣
ڽֵ˺ܾãԭ춯ĬĬм·
˼Ȧ֮Ҳǲסˡ
һƧͣϳӽһڽ۾
׼ڽʵϣų˳ᡣ
лСЩ˵ĻһŮӣ
׽ߡ
ͣһڣΧѻȸƺȫˣ㽫۵ĺڽ¡
۾էƼһˡ
̫ʦΣ̬ȴɢŴԱɣгһڿס
ȿڣǡ
Է¶
ֻ׾Żʮͣл˴ҲʲôŮӣĪǴǰھвң
׵Ȼͫ׽𾪵
һ·ϣԺһһ飬ȴû
Ψһܺڸ׸֮ˣ˾ӡ࣬˵֮ס


45 
ҵĻţԲ㡣
Ϊʲô
Ժͷ Ϊν
Ҫ֪ڹ͢˶ʮ꣬͵ȵɨ̫һ·ʬɽѪнա
ǰȵۼݱǰϦ ͳΪӡıʴ̫ࡣ
ȵۼݱ گ վȨĴ󶼶⣬ʱʮһ´Сӵǻ ڸ׸Ķӡ
ûè岻˵ Ϊȵۻӹ޵ɹ ԼĶΪУһֱ̫ӡ
ݱǰ꣬ Ƿǳ谮СӵĸҲ̫
Сӵǻ Ҳ˻¹ٵ۷壬 Ϊ˾ӡ
ڴκ ˾ԭǵרԼڸĴڡ
ڸʲô¶ ⶨ߳ȥ ǿӲŲӡ¶ڸһʱ֮仹첻ɡ
οʵף ׵ͬջȨ µúܡ
ʻ̫û ʱӾзӦ ҲԼװ Ů̬ʰ춽
 Ϊǰδϳʱƺ񶫳䱻ڸѹŲûָ»뵱궫졣
ûĿȺ˱㱻ͳΪʮࡱ ױʮĴ󶽹
׽ʣ֪
꣬׵лǴĻţǼƹˣ²ҽΪλ
ĪΪʦ˽һ£ֻ뵽һ
˰Ӱ˾л׵塣
ķ򣬻ϵ̫븨֮˭΢ռϷ硣
һ㶽ɷġʼմ׶Ҳ֪Ӱ˾Ӳƫκһָʹһţ˭˶򡭡
׽ͨٿл
æһ䣬ûı£ȥķ
£׻˸ȻɢҲϲŭлǲ
ĵˣӦȥҪЮл
лҰĲ֮ˣǻӰ˾亦
ѵڸѡĵڶεʦ̨ȥͷ
׾Ų̫ϳûлش
ֱߵϰһľУһۣ˵游ϰɡ˵һǱȽģڳмʮӲᵳӪ˽ƾһֶϰ汾½ڸǹ
ײôүү佱˵мַ̡
׸̾ϧˣ˭ǻ˱˵·
΢΢üȻ̧ͷ
⻰ʲô˼˵үүΣ
үү屾ͲãΪܾˤһӣһ
ˣթӦõģүүҲǵº鳵û⣬ܾԭҲû⣬ȷֻһ⡣
ҿԺȷĸ㣬ǲ⡣΢΢𴽽ǣ֤ݾ棬벻뿴

Ӱ˾ڣлˬĹٷȥ̵ĳϡ
ȥޣѺĻƽֳϸʱ
Ѱսƽ˵ϸڣ̿ͣ˺ü飬ཫ̿͵ıһƶϳ̿͵һЩϰߡ
лվһ±꣬˽Щھ̲ס˵Ĳԣ̿ͱƶϵ̫ࡣ
ֻһۣӰ˾˿ĿΪơ
ȫѣлսǧٲûмֺøУڷԼҴˡ
лùô룬կȥӪһ𣬳֮ЩǿĲһǰ㡣
ȴʣ˵ﲻԣ
ʱµı꣬С꣬һɻΪһ̸л̧ͷ꣬ʱʱ١
Ƭ̣첽ȥƴ̿ʹõĶ̵
Ծϴ̿ԭȵĲأַԾ£ȥɱٰ޵ˡ
ƽ͵ʱһȥ̵ֻлд˸˵ֱ۹ȥлߡ
ƽĿ¶ϲͷԣлǧǴ̿͵ٶһģһ
Ӱ˾һסղ˺üΣһγɹֺ
лݴ̿ߵķ򣬽ڷԾһֱ̿ʧĵطŻ
ڽֵϣ̵дһһüͷй㡣
֮ǳֱʵļ¼˵̿Сָϸ߳ǸŮˡṦȵʱȥ¥ҹ·ҲżȻ̿ûʱȵ㣬ߵÿһȴѣɼ⸽ķﻷΪϤ
лӽֵҵ̣ƽʱӦþⷻססЩͷˡ
Ǽ¼ôסűûж
ǶʲôлӰ˾ЩҲδ̫ˣҪ͸øȥϻȻ֪ΣȥҰŲ飿
ջؾǵһ͸鷳лǽ̿ץʹһٲɡ
Ӱ˾ƺ壬Ѳϼɫȭ
ȵȣлΧǴ̿ͼסڸʱ֪᲻ͲȺΧۣһ˽ŲΧ۵Ůӡһȥţٻŵ֣ǽÿʮһϸţʱϢܷɵȥ
ǣһ˽ܰţɵȥ¡
ֻɫѿվԭء
лİοһ䣺Ҳ⣬ҪϮʱҸպ·ʱ١
ѵɫʹҲ㲻׼
л˵Į˽֣ȻٶȵӰϰ߳Ȼ

ֵǰͻȻЦ̾һ
ЦǴһﴫģ֮ԭÿĬĬ˵֮ӣ˵һ߰ɡ
һϳ˵ķȭ͡
лûжѣ󶼶񡣡
лɫս˶ٲŷܵıȭ
ĸ¶֪ΪΣؾһ·лʼոоǳİ
ö͵᲻һгⱨ𣬷졣
ʱͻȻߣлһ
ԶԲȫ
Ⱥɢȥ֮ѹ㣬֮ǰ˵˽£ȥȥʲô
ʦ֡лķҲѹſں˵˵ʦ֪ģʮկկлСɽ
ʦֵܣ
лʦнңǵȻʦֵܡ
ЦگлСɽôŰֲлСɽǸĲ񺷷ˡ
˵˭лֱҲЦû˲òࣿЩ˱ȻģҲǰ˵ͯ򡣡
һ仰Ѹ˵ۡ
ֱб෽ķ˭
Ҫ֣лסҵˡ
ֻСֻӴӷûпǣżĳл֡
лķףӴ³СͰиǳ¡
첽߹ȥСĶ佹ٷ˻ؼ·ϱһ˸ˣ书ϳĶ˺ƷɻҲֻһ·ȥ
лûѵܣ·

ڷڶֵµľӡ
˫һţֻ޷ж˵ĵǲʵ
̫뿴֤ݣȴ֪ײ׸ʲô
֤ݣ֪ҵĿʵһµġȻ䴽ı飬ָľϣڹƻ󣬡£ҵĻţԲ㡣
ָľнӴǵεδķ׸ҲΪԼֵöѴ˼
ĪҪСԼ϶б°ҽ޸ϻؽȥ
״ͷ׾
ò˫ȫҲѹ֡
Ĭ֮УͻȻƿǰĶ˴˽Żŵλлǧˣǵȫס
΢΢˶ˣ
ֻԼ
Լ
˵ͷ֪ţҲǱ˸ˣ˶⴦رԺо²ѣ»Ͻ뿪ɣ
лѾ׷ˣɱһ㣬ִֻſڣȴ·ϯŹƣȻɱ֮⡣
˾֮ȥץ׵ĲӣҪҪЮ
ȴȱлקסֱһȦǰ
˲˸գδӦ㱻лһ߹ǣɣ⹷ҷˣ
ͷѵ𣬾ʹǶ˹ڵء
һ·лŵȻһҪ
Ǻôĵӣ֮ھҵֽˣûˣлװȻ־֮ʧֻʣº⡣
ƽ£һ·ϵж຦¡
ԽԽޣžһлû§ŷ׵ֻ֣ͷϵĶ۳һָһӷɳȥײɽ
ŲɫǵȻǸһӳİ
԰лǰصķȥ֪ݲͬѰ߻һһĸ֡
ҲûʹҪٶ֣ȴסǧҪ
ûʶʲôлʵ̫죬񿴵ڵصź֪ľһ亹
¶¶ݡ
׵ݣ϶ֲʲôˡ
лĶˣòײסûټ֡
ϸлۣÿ°վ뿪ֱԺȥˣҷ˵Ļл˲ǿ
ѣĺˡ
ԭǸġŲУҵȥʡ춢֮ţһֱ֮Ĺϵ
ֻͷһۣλлǧǲ򵥡
֣̾һ·ûȫ
ףȫܷӵס
ϸ˼ǣĻǿһԣ潻֣µʦֲֵܼϣǣס˵ҲʮԾˡ
ָ֪ʲô


46 
ʹ죮
ֵҪҪλлǧĵ׶
òš߳Ժţ ȸⲻ󣬲鲻ʲô
ԥŵӽһֱڲȴһ ǡ
Ǹأ Ҳ°
һ ǱߵϢ˵Լ档
ô ڿˣ˼Ƭ̣ ֱӸӣҹϮ ԼҼֻΪҡ
ǣ

׼ľӣ֪ǹģ æǰȡߡ
л󣺡˵˭
׵˾ӡ
лûк⣺ʲô
̫ҡҡͷָľУ ң үүǳΪģ ֤ ԴΪ⣬ ҳΪĻš
׶¶ֻ̬ȡ
ҡлȡ һƣ һ
չʾ׿ٵģ ֲߡ
׼ǿյģ üΪҪŪأ
˭֪лŲȥЩ˵Ĺӡ
߰ɣ Ȼؼϸϸо˵꣬ βɨϵͷЩʹ֮ƼҺö˶վ⣬Ϊλݣ
Ķˣлﺰԩһ·һҲûɱŴӽ£ܶǷǣѾǳˣʹ£ҲҪѪѵ
˵ز˾ߣǾһЩƼްͣú˵Ҫô嶯
׶书̫˽⣬Ѿˡ
ĿǰƺͼټӦް
лߣҪͣ
вüˣԼļǵûõһлһͨ
ް侲ȨףŽĳ٩٩̸ǻ
һϱڵ󾹱˸嶯¡
ûǳ嶯嶯
Ϊݣôʳڵģ
ŮģҲôһˡ

ĥŵ´ٱߣ͹ֵƵᣬƵģʲôζ᲻
ޣʲôֻһ㹻
˷ãһûС͸ţһ֮հǸɫжﻹĻ᣿
һлһ£ٹ˲ϱԹ
״ĵ¶ֻ·һֱҲûͷһۣ֪ת˺ü˼
ôģ
ġ
׸ۣô֪ұٵ˸ң
лбǸ١
׾һһ롣
뿪ԺţһΧ̣أ
ҿлʱ̫ţ˽ĶűԺϰȦҵ
һǰüһ£ôѵ
лͣȴסҲƥ
Ӱ˾ģƾʲôһ۷ֱѵ
лȺԼķҲ֪ܲϵѸ١
ˣһƥȽʲô
ԽƥԽ˳ֻۣҸط͵͵
ѾͣˣұܻȥлСͺԸȥѡ
׿֣ؼҿ²
лԼļ򣺡ҲԶ
˵ҳ׷ϡ
Һʱ˵ˣҶݳһѹͷл
׹ǼϸοȥȷʵݳһѹͷлģһҲѵûš
ڣһƬȵϣļֱͦһʱ֮侹֪Ȳźá
״˫ƹĲӣЩۣҲϡ
Ұнķ󾱼䣬лӦһű˸İɽֱ߻ȥʵ·졣
ȵȡ׷ɫԣǺҹĺ⡣
תͷ·׵ıԺ˻
ּȼģһһƬ𺣡
㷢֮Ժˡ
һѻȫյлǺܶ߼ֻ֪˶ӽȥ
֮ǰ·ϣɪɪ±ꡣ
⻰˵ڣΪ׻ԷѵȨĲҵ
лֻ̾Զûйƽԡ
үү״ʱҲүүڴκͨնԣɷӦΨһȥȡĹƽˡүүһ׷ֹƽҲһ˿ȻּɣԸǱֻʿ䡣
ʵ룬׼ȷ˵Ρ
үү˵ģЩ¶ܵܵú˿ϣػŲϨ𣬲пԽԽ
һģһջﵽεĹƽɣ
лȴ˵˻ʱı顣
ֻҪһ̸ɣл;һɽɽˮˮ
˿ﻹһĸолͬһɽˣҪʿҲСܶסѩ
§ЦôӶأǲԼ࣬ôȢʡĵϱ
СҡлͷܿҴСæŴ֣ջҪͨ򣬸ɵĲ١⼸ȶ¿㿴ˡ
ĻᵱˣҵȻ֪ĿеӢۡ
ǵҲΪ˵ʲôӢۡлߣо仰˵ܾˣˣܻܲƺ
ſϣʲô
лɤӣʱлɣϴε¶ҷַƺɲһֻƺҡ
գգۣлҲһֻƺ㰡ټ޸лˣлɡ
лһ仰ЩѪ¹꣬·Ţǵýȥɡ
˵ˡ
Ĭ֮Уſıϻ˯
̾˵Ҫѧ٣ҲӦҵĿˣЩѧᣬҲ̫ѧôء
ܱԼԲġ
ѧһ׼ѧء׺߻лϯ˯ˡ

ںУҹˮƮŲٵĻδ
롣¹ģӹһһ
޽Уϥһ󣬰ϰ˹ߣҲѻһЩľм
һСľ
߹ȥ棬ޱϥ£
ר־Σ
£֣ѵ
ͣĻƣ̧ͷһۣΪȥɱ㣿Ϊͼı˲ֶ֮ˣ
޶ԣĸױҼֻΪһҲΪ˽µ¶ĪҪȥҷС鷳
׷¿̵ϧˣҲŸռ
ͫ΢
ľͷڣ˲ǣҼ˶óɷ˼ܡ
࣬Ҳ֪͸ʲôϢ⽫лǧΪɷɽҲĿΪ˲㡣
鲻͸˶٣
ɫߵһĴң÷ϵĳʱסʲôƽȻٳʱĪĺݡ
ʣϵ治⣿
ľĥô⣬֮ܲűȻ
ޱʸϣԴȥ꣬ȥ治ٺһˣ
޳Ĭ˻ұҪ֪ҪľһӣһŰڸӣ
Ц㲻֪ҶǣⱲֻһӣҵ֮ϲǵ֪Ĵڣȥ
޲˵
֪ߵĸֻһӣĸױ
ӡĸǺ۾Ȱù飬л׳
С㸶ٱŬ
ȴû뵽ױŬӲǽһ·̹߳;
ǴǰͱˣԽԽ
ǰ˵Ϊ·ڸʮҡ
ΪͣĿУĸױ˶ǻۺͷǡ
϶Ҫδµ֣֮һʢ
ҲһֱԴΪĿꡣ
ֱһ죬һλӡ׿ͬƾƺʧˮӡ׿ԭñȥ֮ˡ
ȥʸףʹһͨ
׹׿е·Ȼ̷
Ҳһ죬ҵεӰ˾ʹķס
㾿ʱ棬۶̾˿εúܣԴҪежվжֱȥһ˵׵ӣȥԿ
޲Ļ
οʱұƼֻ˵֪ӣɱӰҸӸ飿
˵껰дĥõľݹȥȥĸס

û뵽ԼȻ˯һ·ʱѾԼҴˡ
£ûй͸ںġ
һԼ⴩ѣл³˯ˡ
ᵽߴζȥҲ֪лԡ¹˯µġ
Ҳ֪ˣѵװҲ£ֻù
ܹܾ꣬Щ塣
Уǵȥϴһ¡
ŸҪЩԺл泯һƽȥ˯˯ˣϴֲ㡣
˵ŷֲԾְĲǵطʲôҲû
Ƭ̣лͷ˲ѣ˻
ΪҪû٩ȴûһ˵ľҷ鰸ˣоð죬ֻһͨĺӣûκεĻء
Ȼû׻Ӧ
лֱۣҲûзӦ
Ȼϴʱ״ӱ˻ΣغǲĿֲˣ
æûг亹¶Ҳ
л㽫£ȥɫȴȻԭ壬类ϰ㣬¡
ﲻסЦˡ
л֪ϷŪй˿̲סָЦ󿪲ãĻᱻŵͷĲˣûҵˡ
Ҳ㣬ң״ʱϣֱ̧۹סĲӣԼˡ
лǰֻŵģŸܵﻬĴС
Ϊûйı׿¶ӵı飬ܹ򶨣ȱˣܹš
ԲҪοĲŲŲӡ
лƺһԽ£֪㶮ò࣬û¶žͺãҿԼ
⻰㶼˵óڣлţ֪û뵽Ѿֵز
˱ȡЦֻþ֡
״С˵ʵҲЩ£Ϊÿ׽ҶŪۣҶ롭
㲻ŴƵϣǹϤİ֮ţվһЩɬûټ˵ȥ
ԭֻŶŪ˼ֹ뷿֣֮˿̵ĵӿ㺣Ӷ˰ߡ
ǰı仯лĸܵˡ
ӵ˳ɵķףҲľȣ𽥶飬ұȷ̫࣬Ұһ㣬Ѹȼȫ
յͷͣ΢Ҫһ£һعһǻŪ㡣
֪һҲܻʹͷ
Ѱ˼žˮɣȴл˵ڵ飬ĺҵһɱ֮ǰĸܡ
΢㶡
лرû뵽ⱲӻٸһΣ㲻֪ҵһαҵᵶȥɱˣһšսĵȫˣ۾ȥҿһͨԷرҿֲ۾ˡ
ף
ɱɱˣ䣬Լ۶գܸԷһʹ졣лԴƣ̸ֻ֤ʮأϰ֮󣬿϶Ҳܸһʹ졣


47 
ĥӣѧ֪ʶһá
˵֮ лڵŷ׻Ӧô˵
߬ȭͷлͷȥʵڲֱ˵Żʲô
һʹ죬ֱֻû ھȸһʹ졣
ͷһ⣬ ð˸⣬ ȫˡ
ö˶˵ˮɣӲǱضϡ
ûŻ㡣лﲻ룬 Ҫˣ ۾ķ죬ס˵ ΪűԹԼһŪ
ԭģ ңһͷûء
Ҳ̣ ȥұϰ߸ʮأ ҡײȥģ ±һŵˣ ˵úܡ
߶ûģ ӣöĲݵ
˭ȥ⻰л˵Ŀڷơ
˵ ֻʼ ëɦ࣬޷Կأ һŵ
 ʹ⻬ĺ
׶֪ԭ˺ʵ Ƕڡʱ ŵԴ
ܼ꣬ϵ¶ˣѲ֮ġ
ڰʲôȴܸܵͷųĸΪȵϢ
Ȼ֪룬ϷգĿͻͻֱԭɢȥƺðͷ
㡢ţҡ
ȵһţ졣
ȴץסҧסԼĴȴĥ
ƺû˼ʼչš׸оԼȶҪˣҲ֪׼ʲô
һ㤣òʲôֱӿɣ
ľٶǣ
찡׼ҪϢԺﲻԾֳ˵Ļ۾ӵҿһͨԷҪжҡ
ԭ治ŻǳΣϣ²Ҫ
ĸоǱѾɱһҪˣʹȥؿڣҪԶ𿪣ܲˣ
лҰסɳ΢˵ˣҪһȥϰߡ
׻ŵɲϰߵ⣬㡢Ͳԣ
վǸδµĹңҲȫȻãҲڳڣ˵ҹ˰ɣһʵ۵úܣ˯
лȫǺ
һ֮ԣŴصĴϢҲ֪ʱͣܲˣģ̫
ȻѲƶˮôˣҲԸ⣬ǲǴǿɱһȥܶԷԸԸⱻɱ
˵ϣлֹȻˡ
æߣݼץ˰ﴩװ߱ϡ
ΪлڣԺһҲûУĳţȥݺɺ׼ˮҪԡ
ԭʹϴϴ˯ȥůԡĹлԼ侲侲
С㣬ү۸ˣɺڼźԲ˯ˣԡΪ¶
ȴСϵǺӡ⽿ϸ⣬Ժָࡣ
ˮԼȣŶ챻۶ˣ۸ҡ
˵ģΪ̫ʧء
ⲻʲôǰ˵ǷģȻһʱ챻ͻȻóѣڱߴʹޡ
ϴ֮£׻ȥԷ
ѾȼƼлҲڴߣ˫ۼϥϣ˫ֽգͷ
˯ǰõĸβץģװԼҪ
Ҳãǰǰ
ɴݣ׷ҵſվûͷȥ㻹ðɣ
л̧ͷɫݣ˵һ᲻ã
ԭ˯úúõģҪڵǲǹģ
ױԹԼȹڣʲôҵȡ
ݹˮ֮󣬰ƤЩӡӸԡ
ԭȺڵϹлʱסղѾǳƣô
ƿĿ⣺ҵģҶ˵ҪϰߣϰߺҲŻӦ֡
׷ȹڣ־ϰߣȴС
лüʣʲôģ
ԡʱ׶ˣƲ˵ͷһսɱˣΪ̫ʽϰ˾ͺáղŲǣǸͲ֪ʽ
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48 
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49 
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̴˵ΪûȨţ׵̴ǰõϢʻ߽ڵ˽ȫ˺ȴ׷ʱˡ
һεҲֵ̫Ǯǿ϶ֻһϲһΣòҶװ״ľĽĴʱʱ̾ǹȨǻΪϵǵĲ·
׳϶Բ顣
ʣ̴ܲܲ
ӾȨ֣ǴҴ¹ǣһȫ
ܣǻ˺ÿľĵ̴ϰңҲʱбѲģص̫ϸʱеҲҴˣӦǽĳλ̡
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Ҹղ˵ι״ɱԭ򣬺Ҳ˽йϵ

Ӱ˾ӵţãȫںС
л߽εڣѾӵˡ
ѼΪǵĹǧףվӰ˾Ĺٱ
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лֻɨһۣһֱԼ
ˣûʲôģлڶҲŵ޸Ȥ
δΣƮݵ°ɫһڹٷԵڲͬ
лƳһۣٶû壬˿ԭҲǸѿС


50 
ݲؽޣ
лû ĬĬվȥһ࣬˶
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ƭ㣬 һĳָƱݣÿŽбţ ȥһֻ֪
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Ʊһۣ ƱȥǮׯ֧ȡƽ͢ȡʳγۣ ǲࡣ
ת֣ ֻԴͷʼ˳֣ Ӱ˾ÿǵ⣬ ġ
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ָ˸ˣæͣлǧӰ˾İӴһ˸𵽵ףû;˵ġ
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κԱģڣʵ
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װŲӰ˾ؽȥԼİӡ
ǵñܿӾǵ괬ҪüգΡ

׵ͷһеӣⱾ޸պڽɡ
̾Ųٵ˽εһЩЩʿ书ǿټطԱᣬֱɹҲͣûжô
һǿЩɼչΪݹʷлƳ壬ʿ췴ȫǴɳ
ײ뷨ɱЩӦлǿϾ
Щ̾һ㲻ȽϵɺöԸǰҲ͢ͷʹĴڡ
ΪԽȨûȥɱɡ

лϻƼõĲǾڣӣ㻹оޣ
о̧ͷоһգоľ
ţлҲ߹ȥ
ףڵ֡
֡ĸһħ䣬һĿڷơ
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ǲǵһҹ飬һʯһʯʵʳ
ҪߣҪһһˣǴлƤӵߣһ˿
룬᲻һʼʳûô࣬Ͼֻأ顣
˵϶˾ĸ߹ߴ鱨ˣлӿֽۣдȫɱɵĽ飬أ
ͨٱŶԣĲ˽ҡ
ΪõҲǽоʱͻȻ֪ôȡô
лҽ֪ⶫԭôӡ
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лҲ˵
ףԵ־̻ʳȥ϶˾϶˾պϱ˺ʵٳ̻
ҪӸ߲㡢Ա̻湴ᣬһڶС
Ҫ˴мţˣпܾǧͬ˻ǸͽˣѵĸҲǶô򵥡
лüԭǸͽǷսƣԵʵ
Ҳû뵽Ͻᱬս˱¶˵֣ϾǣѵĸףڻһӴǧͬ˻ᣬôĲ
ȻҲ²⡣
ܼҴҴҹС㣬ү󶼶빫˵֮ǰ˹үġ
հĻлһҲţʲô
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Цˣհı˴ĿŵͰأ
ʲôлȥԼƿһӡ
̽ͷһһĶ̵
ҵĵڴ󶼶ˡлִ򿪵ڶӣͷżֽʲô
ùǵһضΣסԾǮģǰڸθĸۡ
ö˶˵ģΪһǧլ
лĪ뵽ˡݲؽĸ֡
հģлѾִＫޣ첻ҪңȸĿŵǣҾȥѵ


51 
󡰸Ĵ֡
ûȡ Ϊסˣ֪ΪͻȻƢ
ӦæСǰӱקסǲˣͬΪ٣ ӣ լԺ̣ ֻˣ裿
лҲʹѣһǴޣ ߣ һլԺǵǸ ʵ˵ģƱҪݲؽ ⲻʲô
΢΢Ŀ治֪ġ
ȵȵȡɿ֣ ܻط佫ȡ 䣬 עִ硣
֪лһ ȷԼǶԵģ ȥ󶼶
Ҳûֱǰǰ븱ͳ졣
ϾŸѹۡ ϳӰ˾ǧ ּɫĿ¶ ҶʣҼҹһǰȥˡ
ȥδ磿
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лܽᣬ ЩӸֻҪȥ⸰磬 ˳ɲʲô硣
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ٷŭҲ޼ƿʩ׷ֻվǰ
лҵţհŭȣҧ۾ɨƮֽţٿס⾹ȻǵһҵĲҵ

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æţ
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ƤֱӿУһˣһǵɱһȥǸһʹ졣翴ںʲôհģҪǾû
׺ЦʵˣⶰլֻΪǣԸⱻ裬ֻͼΡ
лţǲҲ̫ûˣ
ĵֻҪǵ裬ʲôϵ˭Ϊһ΢ĹȥʹѵǮƹȥ
Ŷлᡣ
ֻǶլӵļֵհΨз˲ŻóǡҲ֮һµģ
лӽȥ㻹ȥ
ʰ¹ȡһЩѵڴϣЦŵȥҲãʡ챻ĸؿʹŵָ֣հĻ¸㣬ִˣʷ̨Ҳվߡ
лſ򣬿߸жһͿ
׺Ĳͬǲһζѹ
ڷŷݣһֱקסȴҲʵ֡
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ԭΪڰʰȴֿʼʰױ̨
ٿڴϵЩѣİȹԼװòһȥ
Ҳȥôüʱᵶſ˵ļƣܷһȥֱ
սɷ֣ȥͻԱԼ̴򽻵ܾ
У֮ǰĽлǰץסֱۣҲԸһھ㲻۳Ͷ١
úܣһ·˳ƥǧһԵִһȥٻء
һۣˮ·ˣӾ˺תˮȫ̶ڴϢۣǶ칦ˡ
лδˮ·
׵˵ͷһȫ˵ģ½ģǡ·ݣȥ⹫š
⹫ݱصĸ̣ҪӪ˿񣬴ҵ⡣
֮ǰǳɻʱֻҾ˾˺Ͷ磬ϵʱȾ˷纮ûŮء
лͷֱɻǻѼϼܣԹ˲Ͼ˿֪һλǷ׵ľ˾ˡ
֪˾Ǽסڷ븮δûǰݼ
絹йһ֮ԵƺнлŬ룬Ҳ벻ģ
Ҳ֪ԼǲǸ˲ѵӡ󣬱粻ò
ȥݼо̫
лûţϱܵüţǾһȥʡҲڶ֣һ治ġ
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ףߣҹﴬҲ˯
лüͷ᲻̫ˣѾź˴
ԷҵĲҵһ֪⹫⣬̴϶ٲ˵ġ
׳ȻһġƣűʱѾùܼȥ˽ĴƱ
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Ʒɸлȥ϶˾Уξ֮ǰӵֿ
лʮʱںƮһȥ季ս˼λʹĸ֡
лԶӵ༸иɻֻŬҲ˲һЩǡ
׽ͣΪСʻ괬ǲϲ̴ǡ
лڰ֣ʲôνֻǵŲʡ
ûΪôָֻųˣƿҪЩʲô
лЦģҴͺã
׸һǰۣ㻹ҪŴĵ

ң˷׷иϵʱŹҵȺǰ˺Ӷɿڡ
һξ룬㴦ǳʻ𽥻
ʹϣɿȻƻͨϼʵ˺ʹæˣԼæ̧жǡ
Ʒɼ˸ױлһ˺Ϸαȵľм
ôˣлǣߣк
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ںл⣺ⶼòĵ¶ֻ赱ȫҡ
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лΣٻˣ㻹ң
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ڷʱʱǻЩθУΪԼ۶ס
ȻַԼûġ
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ȴ˳ɱһЩһѹѫ׬֡
лһ飺治ȥɱ
ԣʹֱۣ򲻿ɣԽְȨֻܵܵţٱ֡
ֲó͢ô٣ȴһ¶ɲɡлȰˣҲǽصģһ㲻ؿ͵̴
׳˺ӷŬŬ죺̴ǡһѵҲʱ
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˵лҲǵϴ֪Լǰˡ
Ժе̴ͣڴǰЩ˼ˡźζƴ
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лˣɿҲۣ
׵ͷ˵ģҴĸɡ
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һλĹӽ̸ܵһߣתͷһƾȻлĿҲ¶־
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ʶʧ̬̻֡
ǹ;лʱͣ½Ųлȫû̸˼ƹ뿪
лԶ˲ⲽǰɰˡ
΢΢ףɡ
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ð֪˵ʲôˣΪβǰ
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ԶԶ̽ͷһƣ޹Ȼ˴˵ء
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ȻֻǴҪġ
صǸ޲ɣǱߵ±ֲڣѱ¶ɱõķʽ;ɳ֡
Щˣɱƾ̽лģָҲȥ;Ĵɣ뽫лơ
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лŲң
޺ηػлǧ˵ãȻŵùֻǣ׮Ӳ̫ġ
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˵ѣлŷ仹ǰ°׳ۣ°ϵĿȴϲͬˣˡұ£κչ
л΢΢ץס˵ֽ˽
ƫƫһ䣺һϲ°д֣ǻΪ˭дġŵȵִ껧лǧȥʡԶ˶٣Ҳϣȷʵ뵱յйء
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ڼлһ٣ΪʦݳޣͲʷ
ζؿһۣʳİãֺξʷأ


52 
ȫİ취
ͦ˲ġлĵˣ ԰ʲô
΢΢üֻвͷɫԼİȫȻ⣬Զһ˿ɱȡ

޲𻰣 лҲٺ˵ӻڵң ǡ
ٻᡣ޳֣ תͷԶıӰ˼
л˷ѽ⣬Է׵ǻۣ ܱƵޣ ӦǸǸĺݽɫ
ݡǿһ㣬ȴûƳֳǸ ෴ľмԣĪǾĴޣ
лߵſʱ Ų͵һ١
ǲǻлڼԼʳ
лȭͷһͷˣ ȴֳٳٲ
Ϊ޼ûд ԴȢ˷ף Ҳûʳ ȥˣ
ؼھ ȷʵ벻ʲô׬Ǯĺ÷ʽ
Żȥ䣬лһѡ
῿ڴϿڵķ״ۣ м޾ɣ Ͻǲˣ
ûСл˵Ż˸ˣ ԽԵûͷ
ǧҪ롣׶䷢ģ һ˽˼ûУ ȫΪ洦Ķ࡭
л޵СȰȽһͨ һԼﲻʳˣ
Ǹ͢ʵôЧҵ˾Ƿס
֮䣬ԿһֹӶϵ
Ļϰ壬ǰ̨ƹÿ춼ϰϰﶪˣ
һ룬лֱִˣҲʼİá
ֻҪ϶
ؼ벻ʲôû͹
лſηʣ⼸޻һ֧˫ɫľܽأ˭ʲôµ
ţͻȻת˻⣺Ҳ޵ȽϷģЩֵֻ̡Ǯǰ⹫Ͼֻӡ
лŸտ󣬷ȴʹƵԼ̫Ѩ
ﲻлվ
ҷִϲܿ顣ԭǲδģ˼ҳھЩͷζġ
ǻʲôл߹ȥڼһȥ˯
ԭл˵ҡҡλεļ˯תĹ˯ˡ
л¶ֱСķŻرȥϵӡ
֮ǰ߹ϴƢҶЩժΪ̫᲻òա
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ڣ˷ܵǿһӯȴĶ̵
ͨͨ·ʮկﲻлǮȫ˴еĲϣĶ졣
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ͷƽʱóãֻżȡ͡
ûд֮ǰлƷɴկġ
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Ȼʶ˿϶ֻܼ࣬һĶҪѪ
˼ãлȻһ뵽һȫĺð취
ͷһγɣڷ
̲סˣлϻб󣬳ţԸƷɿԼȥװϣһԾʩչṦȥӰ

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޷ӣţȥĶˣ
û׷ϡƽҡͷŸϢ˵˳ıӪ¹
޳ӪǴñеĵطôϴ۷ؾ͵ȥʲô

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ȥʱһֱҹ룬ƽյϢˣȥñӪõ¯ӣ˼Ķ̵
޸Ħ͸뽳˰æ
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£üʣǺֱ
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װҹһΣлߣҲģ̴ϣ˯
糿лſϢŻ´£ǽˡ
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ȥƷһСĵЩлȥֳ֣һ
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룬ʺЩõİ
лһͬӱӵֱ̧ۣ׼ǰ輸ϰڷŵһƿ⣬Ҫκ书ֻҪȰ￪ϻһ¡ǵ֧ɢ䡭
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ðɣлȥʺֻԼΣϰ֮󣬾Ͳ㱳ˡ
ҲһġԭҲãһֳִʺûѧŮӡ
лȥǽ߽ЩһҪȻҪһЩ벻ͬõĲһһЩ
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һûۣ᲻ã򵥣ĥ̫ˣһҹʱȻؾ˵
Ȥ۷ŹؽװϻŻƿһ飬һϻÿȥĽǶһô
һлٴվȥֱ̧ۣǸղŵλãԡ
תťǡͻһȻֱ۷飬ȻײϣûϴεǿС
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˵Լֶġ
뿴˼޹ڻֲݣ˫ɫľܽء
ȴȵıӪ¯ǰ䤱ߣӴһҹ
ĸŮ˶ѡɣ


53 
ŵ˲Żˡ
ֻϡϵ룬 û̫ע顣
ҲǮϾŻعһ˺ˮǡ
ˡ׾û벻ʺķ֮
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˲Żϲõѣڴѥӡ
׵˯ѣ ǳȥװ忴羰
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ֻҪ֣ һҲûС
һһ⣬ ֮ǰġθСӦǲ˼
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΢΢ӦԴƬ̡
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װã׿ųȥ˵ŮȥϿϷ
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˫һ֣ȻǱѩ

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׻ȥʱл˯ˣҲ֪Ų
ıϻȡЩڵϡԿţȥƷɡ
֪ҲûĹ涼װʲô
Ʒɴ򿪼죬гһ̵ıԭһһģһʵխвĲ¼ǵú˰ǧġ
ţǲǱڲˣ
ûаɡƷɻ缸ǰ¶ˣկȻһ٣Ҳֻܼӡ
ǾֵǧϻϣҪʹ㡣
ǡ
׻ȥ䣬ϻ·Żȥ
ߵ£лԣԼֱۡͷϲֱۡ
׶ȾµĲ˻ſʼΪβ˵ʵ
ʱģ˵ܾܣֱ嶯
ײ˼Լô
˻¿ϴ׼˯ʱƽɣûѡ
ºϡʶֱסı
΢΢ͷ°ͣյĶߡûѡ
ģȥҧĶ䡣Ѿſ˿ڣԽһܺסĶȴٳٲ
֪Լǻĺʲôտ϶ˮɣΪʱĿҪһƬˮçײҲΪΪ
ǸУΪûб
Ŀǰԣȫļƻڣռ̫˼
־ʱԼٳûȫ飬ҲҿƵԭ
ʱԹΪͷԸԣٳԿͷǲٶ˷ʱ䣬ɢͲľ
뵽ʱ׾Щۿлֵ
ܲԸϣҲòϣͷТͬһˡ
ֻһֱڱΪТŻʱкӡ
һ£ǸˣлŲȢŮˡָȴ챻ĥ£᲻Ҫ㿪
һ̣ͻȻЩТͽˡ
ȢӣŮ˼ǲҲһìܡ
ԼݣʧȥңűԼӿ
ˣʵʺϳɼңȰ¶ϣܲԭĹޡ

պĻƻʱ̴ִ֣ﻴ
׺л󣬴Ӧ˻˶һȥãǰ´
Ÿ̤Ķɿڣлȵص⻴ĶɿڣɱȾǵĶɿɶˡ
Լ֪˵ġɡʲô˼ӽ£ĶɿھۼŲٰɷӡ
˶ͻȻǱ߲֪ûյϢûӡ
ǲ˼ǰ׼ƥͬˡ
ײδƴǣ
˶ллѯǳ
أҸǡл˷׽ģ˶ӡ㲻˵Ϊ
˶ɻ󲻽⣺ǣ
Խͣлǧ˼ǣԶһЩ룬ȫ֡
˶Ȼлˡ
лһ񣺡Ҿֻ۾ղȫ֣ߵĻֲòİΣɣ
ЦЦء
лĿ̬ŵȥ
ֻҪһƼޣ°Ͽ
֮ǰһأдǣֻл˴죬̫Ҵңγ硭ˮ
дǣûǧͣһ˪ʮݡĽǽ䣬ζغɽ
Ϊʲô˼Ҫٶȱȥʷס
ٶΣлԼѧʶҪȥˡЩʶ޶ã㲻췢ı̫
л̼䣬Ƽÿӣ̽Դ
űط˽Ŷˣ˼طǵķϮ
ǽлܲӦ
лüȰģ־˾絶
´ǰ֪˵ٻˣֻҪѹ׵Ĵұ£ֻܹܵѫɡ
ȥлҲ˳һˡ
̣Զں󷽸ţϸ۲ܵȺû춯
뿴ЩǾжֵܲ¼
ҹĻ٣Ƴϡ
лҹеԼ
Ź̶Ľ࣬һϢġ
ףôʮկЩ
л۾΢΢ֱλȻһ¥ȥ
һ¥λǰڣŵ⣬̫
лԽԽԽǸԽ졣
ֱͣھ¥⣬ͷݣغһࡢ̣
Ǹ˵ͷšüͷϣϳ絶ϲСɽ
תҴҴ¥˿㣿
л΢飺̣λ˰ɣ
ֲϤŮ˽࣬ǰǺˮǵˣһĺʵڲܣӺˮǸ˳ȥկ㸺뿪
뿪֮ʱлʮ꣬ʮȥˣʹǰûб仯
лýʮկկˣּ֮ܳ˸ɡ
Ҳ֪ǰϵկ˵λá
л̾˿
ƵģæŽͣСɽҵ䵽⣬ȣΪ˱żΪ޵ģ֮䲢޸顣
лûȤ֪̾ΪݹѫòˡҲİŮˣܳ֡
֪İɣлʱ䲻࣬ʲôҪ
Ҷ֪ʲôΪ˶ǸͺӡһָǳͺӴڸ֪˳ڽá
л˳ָķֻһƬѹѹȺ֪ͺӳ¾ȺУ̣㲻Ҫ֣Ժ㡣
׷ǰĳӣ̲ס׳ߣó
ƿô˷
лεش˵Ҹռˣǰկˣҵ塭
ķ㡣
л̾ûָˣҵǰͦϧģǻĿꡣ
ȴʣϲʶճµĺУ
ֻʶһСлǵкλ֣ǰԼű䣬Ц˵˭˭ȥУˣȥ˺С
ʣǹϵΣ
л־ȤͶ̸ѺлϪݣʱˡ
ף£ͺӳ£
л
ţɵİɣЩ̵ܽ͢Ľȫҵˣ
׵̫ѨͻͻĵԼҲǸگˣۣʲôϡġ
۵ļҲδ̫ˣһ֮ڣʶ
ͷʹʣ񺫳ʸȹ䣬Ϊ־ȤͶˣжٸ
ࡣлԺｫڶһ飬Ҳ߰ˡʮ
ף
ãҲָлȥɱܹѫˣקסȥǶˡ


54 
ÿĶǶˣ
ʣı˽٣
лȰģǽύʱ һСߣһϳҡ
ǻˡ磬ϲ㣬 Īſڶ֡
ܸ˶ǰ׼ һͺӳµǺ ˱Χ׼лվһߡ
֪ˡл Ҳ ȻȥſڣϮ ³ȴڳﰲȫ
Ϊʲô
ܾл꣬ ٴ˳һж飬ؽȺѰȥˡ
׷ӣ ڿ
˽ŵʣã ǲǳʲô¶
æһЩ˽£ ġ
羪֮ ˸ؿڡ
Ůæѹ תҲ׵һ
ãҲЩˣ ȥӡ
ڴʱͻһͣ ûȣ豭ǰ
Ůһ æ£ū澸
˻ﻹŸ˯ĺӣ ҡιȥûп Ůһ˵ æȥ
ѵŮûнס
˹ѯʣţ
ҡͷˮǴӴϴģˡ
ֻǴ˲˵նɫأǳɫİȹؿڴȾ˲ɫ
Ҳ㻻ѣЦȻ³µýһڡ
æԸŮ
˶ˣû°ɣ
æôˣ
˶иСܡ
ٴγ˶صԼ޼ղŵĻ⣺֮ҲСˣǲҲְһԼĻ£
û˵
ʵ벻ͨ㾿˶£ֵû˵õ˼ֻǸоĸ飬δŮ֮顣Ҽʶ٣Ҵû˭ϲһˣ̵סŲʡ
޵ڽز
˶ҡͷѹûɩӶף̲סǽȥҴǰûԼҲڵ¶
Цһ
˶֪Цʲô˵ǲͬ뷨Ϊǵԡ
⻰㵱Ͷҽ
𣿡˶£ˣλͬˮɥϢԺǵһܳȥġڶ㾹ң㿴һʹ޵Ĺ㣬ǲΪ̫֮ͬѹ޵ģϧһʱ𣿡
޵ÿξܾҵȢ͵˵һ飬ҷһ֤ȥ֤Ҳһʱ𣿡
˶죺òΪ˺Ҷɣ
ʵòΪлǧԸⱣһ̣Ȱҵģ
˵ﻰ˶ʵ治Щͽ˲ɩӵСǵ㣬ȥлǧ
ţʲôĳ޻ͷɫأ˵ġǡֻЩɣнϵĺԼ㸮Щͬš
˶ü˼ϻȫֵˣ
޳ĬãԻ㽡

һ˰ȫִ︮ſڡ
³֮ǰȽ筺ɫϣڵؿڵĲա
֪лûҵʱȰ
ţֻһƺһ֧ϣ
ʵƺ;㱻䣬ֻʣ¼֧˲˵ġ
ŵĺһû书ֽӱá
ͬ£лĻæԸ˵Сܾǿȥ
˵Լ˳أǰԶĵطһ֧䡣
оˣ̧ͷһƷɣŸжʱһ롣
һ˶Ҳ˶žܣ˷³
߹ģֻš
һƣȫ˶Ӵ˲ٵĻҲǸֻƣЩ˷͵ǰ
ҲǣƵʱҶ
ûƼл֪ȥĶ
ڵһڹٲҴܳͷĴȣ˸ſڰˣ
֪ǲǱһɤӺסˣЩȻͣ
ȵ˭ֵٻȥ֪ͨǿ䱸ſڶ֣ӦճµĺйҪ
ͷĴǺˣ
ֱɣޡ
ֱͷૣͫ׽ֱǲסٳ˲֪
ԭҪƾ֤Ⱥ˵ɣæǰˡ
޴ȥ
ǣͷĸϽԸȥȥǿηĽ䱸ȥ֪֪ͨͬˣ
۴ҴܣӰʧǵĲҽС
Χݶϣһֳֳĺˣжʮˡ
˶Ļճȥһ˱м򣬼롣
Ī˵ڳŮ쾪УҲЩг
ٷ˶󡣡Ʒɴɫ࣬Щһˣǿ
ͷֱΪ²л־ȤͶѣΪҲԭģûϵײС
ֻΪõˣĺ֣
ƽҲڸޣˣ¥³ǧҪ󱳸ǡ
һ˵֪Ⱥ˼ѶԸ
ǸϽ˻ȥͷתͷܡ
˲ȥǼ˸Բ
һĹ򣬵Ѿ˲ٵʬ壬ÿһ߶ǲȱȫѪģ
أ״δֳ棬սսƷɡ
ִʱڣˡƷҲЩţһĵĺ̫һӦ

ڵһʱлӦԾ븮ڡ
վڸߴʹҹ䣬Ҳܿҳûͷĺû뵽÷˵ˣˡ
л̷Ծȥг絶ȥ
ĿһӦ죬ν㵲
ϣϳ˵뵶ȣСлֵܣ
л÷ϻȳΪѡ
Ͷ˳͢ԭľϲʧȡ֮Ƿŭ
㳷лδյʣĵָлȥһ˵㲻ҪŵϱȻݹҲ棡
Ȼڣ
ȷǶ֮лŷĸźԶЩص˵ʲôãȻɣ
Ҳû뵽㾹˳͢߹
лýͣԭģǾ仰ô˵ڲӪں˳͢ɱ
˵ɫͻˣɻ㺦ģ
лƣʲôϵ
㲻ǵӯӯˣǰڹȹһ
˭лȹ˶ȥˣǲסο֡뺫йأϸһ룬Լ˵ӡ
ǹǱӸץߵģ˳־¡
лԭҪȥҺģȥ뺫ͻؼȥ
йŮͲʣĺݸá
ԭȶ⣬Ӹңˣ֪Һ𣿡
һɧߵζ½֪ʧ٣Ͽ˰ٲˡҰ˳ӲңһŮҶǣҲǡ
лԼû
ڴţŷٸ̰жңƵνɿ˰ԲϷŮĶС
ȥǽ͵ȥ˽̣ٸǡ
ԭǰＸǰ壬ٺ
ͷչӣ񱳺˿ҳԷҸô
л˵Ļɣô£
÷Ŀãӯӯ
лµˣ㲻Ѿ˳ɱ֪ʲôԼķʽ
֪˻̡ǺҲһоǵĹ֧֮֡ҳȥһ˻ӯӯͱץˣҲûܼ
лĽı¾ȻνãССһѵȾǻҪԻ
ССһ³͢ΪλὫͶ촬ȫΪԼˣָӽ¹ض࣬ԣҲһҪĺòã
㼼ˡлһ䣬ͻҽС
ĵʣûˣ
⣺ұֲȥʲô𣿡
ôԽлԽ󣿡лת㳯÷Ծ齻ңԺô㣿
˵˰취

׶ƷɱסȥΧĲ״
ӲнӵԼЩ̶Ĳҽ
ϵ룬ŵıתɢ䡣
أ˴ӱץסӦ㱻ڼϡ
֪ηֱģл̾һƷɣ
ȣʱѿܳԶ
Ʒżȥ׷ȴ˵ǰ
ƽʾȥȡ
ˡƽΣֻ׷ȥԻǳ˺ôˣ
ǣ
ǰŸ뿪ű㲻֪Ķðһˣֱ޶ȥ
ָһĹ˫䵶ڱסһֲɱһವӳ䵶
ǶѰõ꣬䵶ܿһɻֱ޵ؿڣ
ˣ
һƬУֻ䵶ӸߴԾµлӵ䣡
ھķ飬ֱҲʹл֪ⳡд̿ͣΨʹ˫ǿԼ̫ࡣ
׺Ϊμνˡ
ƺҲʶлͣս˳
һˣԭΧɱǵĺҲ׷׺󳷡
лҲ׷ȥߡ
ѡޣжϳƽԾ·ס
Ṧһ㡣
ϿŸˣٶȡƽһ˦֣ס
˼׷ϣ·ףӰӰҹɫԾϷ
лһڷ˫Űһ̣ӭһѪߣ
ѪܵһŹȥŵףлסļ򣬽ȥ˺󷽡
ƽлϵæ˻ȥޡ
лڷߣӵӣûˣ
׾δȥĶ˰һǹŶҪѸɱˣ
ںڵĲУ͸ǰǣи׼
Щ˵书ǰҲû̫ô
ֵ˼лͣǰ߷ĲǺˣѾҸˡﲻʶ˽¡

ƷҪлֱϵѪӣ㣬ȺѶԸúܣҺǳģȻ롣
ײ⣺ޣ
ԣ°֮Ṧ°ߣӦȽٿߣٶȡ㺰㱻ץˣƷɱסֻȥ㡣
лʱڸߴһǵȵһ̣ɱ޵书̫ԶǰһֱڰֻΪһҼʱϵű
ϵĴæһǿнӵֱЩ˵˾
ӣԲˡ
˿޵׵˭·Էʱ񣬲ƺķǵɱ
Ҳ̲סлһۣƽʱ嶯ΪΣͷԽƺתı˭죬ųѰ侲
ǰΪĲ˹ȻóĶ
ǻȥлȥǱ䵶
ǻصſʱ֪ͬѾ˴˸˳ڱĨ亹߸ⲻǣ˵ɲⱣκֲơ
˲ʬ壬˶Ļ͸õֻۣˣƿҲϲ˭
ؼҵŮŻȥĶУһ˸Ͻ˸Ϣ
֮лǰ˫䵶

֪ͬлڶᣬްĽϽ
лſϣһֱо˫䵶ܾʶһʱ벻
棬豭棬Ҳ顣
⽪ƽţлǧҼҴԺУл
òšлᣬҷˣҾƽˡ
ǡ
һ£ǳȥл˵
л⣺˵ƽˣҲûҪȥлҪһۣøǸŶԣ㱻ץΪ
¶קߣȥæţҪ͵
лֻš
СԺվһƬǰĿһʰ
δڣлЦһ˽ŵ˰ɣ
ϽѪԡµѣ°ȴɸɾ˳Ǿд֡
޴󷽳ϣһߣ˵δα
ʣ˶ͽûʲô뷨
ճµĺУԭֻģʣǱ㲻ǣǽɱҵġ
»ˣֿһл
лԷ˵
ײŵһЩв뷨ܾӦ˵һ´ˣ»Ǵ˸Ϊġ
޵л˵˵޷
ԥһδɱ˶شˣ֪м֣
˻һ΢΢Ϻ¶֮ɫ
֪ãҲ֪в뷨˳ɻࡣ
Ī˵лҲһ£شˣ
ްûָܻƽԸꡣ
׵Ǻܹ߳Ʋ⣬ش;´Ļ֪Ȣ֮£ҷΪҲԭ򣬾ղжңɱֿɳ֮
Ψһ©ģûϵлǿǸʹ˫䵶ĸ֡
޲ţЩֻǼΪ߳Ʋ⡣
֤׽⿪ϵ¶ԼȹϵĲգϣط˵ŮҺȡõˮŶԣ˭ĵնдˣ
޷նɫأ֮󣬿ŪѣĿΪ˸硣
һ筺ɫעĿ硣
ս֮£°ķͽһŮ׼ȷ
֪ҲǸɺϡ׵شʶ֮꣬꣬ϸһǷֵ֮
˼˶ԺʶһӼ࣬ƾ٣뺲֣˶ָ֪
˸׵ݣ
ף
ͻȻ뵽λԭȥ껧ͬӡ׿
Щһֱӡ׿ڸ׵ͷϡ
ѵ˶µ֣
Ͼ࣬ӡ׿һ˶Ļʵ󣬱Ͼͬ˶ǰֻۣǶ׵һ
˶벻ԼվףǿİԶҹװ˼¡
㵴۾һǲš
׼ģ뵽˸ȷ֤ݣʵ˵ұϣ
˶Ӵ͸áפɡ˾˾
ɱ֮ƸĳɾС
뿪ȫҪлܲһ򵱹ˡ
֮ǰǳźʱлʶŶôһ
̧ͷлѯʣǸ̡ʶʶ
лҡͷȱΪ̡͡
ԼսԼ곤ʮϵĳ
ɣл𺫳ٶԱһ޵ѣҲΪ̾ˣǲǺ°дһ䣬ÿĶǶˡ
ҪҪīԸæȥá
лϲһ仰뿴дڵʦϡ


55 
ƣ
æ˳лӣ ҡҡͷ
Ҷͬһϵƣ˵ɡ
лԩֻижڼ
޵ȷĿʹȴҲƽ صӦû ˶
̾˿Ȼˣ Ϊҹ뿪һУһļƲҲҪʱ䣬 ϣӳȥģ ԽԽӡ
ûôֹۣ΢Ըң ǲ˵Ŀ̫࣬Ͼ ұֻ̣Ҹȥ ˻
Ǵش ⣬ ׻᲻ϧһд۽ ȫȥ
ܣ ˵
ղϮ֮ʶΣ Ÿף ԶˮȻǾȲý
ʱȥдһţḸ׶꣬ Ǹ
£ Ż֮֡
Ǹ֮ͨţ ֻб˴˲ܿգ ΪۣҲðա
޹֣ǰǸ˷ǡ
˲ˡײ˵ԼǵøģҲԼ޹룬Ǻүүףڲ̸Щʱ򣬵֮Բߡ
ˡлʾ
ƽҴҽԺУˣش˹ˡ
׼޳ɫ̲סѣá
֪Ȱģзִ硣
Ҫлȥȴסȵȵȡ
˶ԺУǶڣȳл֣лǧлˡ
л类һѣܵıȭشˡ
ԭͶ˭磬ײ˶쳣ֻ޻¶ݡ
ǵ͹ޣȫȻ֪㣬ķֺ
֮˶ޣܱǫѾ˵˸Ŷ֪գԺ̽ǣصӦǰ㡣ˣұʾɫֻܱʵڲơ
΢΢ףǵüһҲҪȥݼܱƹ䣬ľӹܣɲˣҵҪһιġ
˶ȰҪŭܱʮӴ£Ѿɻפ˳Źٵر˺ӶɿڣһὫǻͽץġ
ͷһ⣬ϾΪץͽΪסǣ
Źˣ޽ü˶㻹ûΣȥ֪ͬæǸӡлǧ򸾶˳ȥ
ΪͻȻҪߣ˶ЩȻ
ң˵¡л֮Ըлǧһţԭȥ̽⹫ոյϢ⹫Σ
ֿףһɿڱݣɿڼȻˣشΪ׼һ½·ɡ
׶޵
Ѿ֪лѸ㣬ֻҪ޲ߣлԸ뿪Ӧ֮á
лڣ޸һߡ
ȻΨһӳȥĻᣬױߡֲ书ڳǸ׸ȳ֮ȥһȫĵطл¡
æ˶лͷشˡ
˶ӦҲˬ죺л˲ؿȻˣұ㲻λˡ

ûǻطʰлֻǱ˫䵶ߡ
Ʒɸϳлÿſȥ
ʬѾˣϵѪڡ
ȥ֮󣬻ûлҴӦ˺Ҫã֮
׵Ȼڹ˽ܲܡ
׽ôɱ޵֣ԭеĿġ
Ҫ˵ӵ֣ڴһƬࡣ
ֱǰ䣬ֻµƤӣ̲סȣʹ˫
ΪϲӵģŻˡлοȷʵǲ˲٣ġ
׵ͷֱۣЩۣ㶼ûкֻ֣Ǵĵ֪㣿
ȻǴһȼģȫһӣֱ۶ϵлäĿţϣҡ
ײ⣺ҲԼ
Ȼˡл֪һнͣͨԷһ֣ҾܶٶȡиŵԤƣ費ҪӦͱ˵
̫
һֱ֪лǿ˶ڸԼжǿ
ڷ׵֪Уǿƥ֮·롣
ԭǡ
˾ʧʱΨ侲жϳԷĿޣ벻ȥ
˵ţֱϵࡣ
ԭлоۣһ࣬۵Ƥֱ
л˵ⲻǵˣ£á
Ϊרע޹ǵСֳʹžãȥ
̧ͷƿԼЦ⡣
лûԾţ
׾мɬµͷܿߣĿǰľƣаȫô
ƻʣֻ˵л˫лһۣҲ̫ģʵһ
׺̧ͷ㻹
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ǫ˶ȴΪ棬лʵ˲ɫ
Ѵ౼г⣬ǫ˻
棡ǫټ죬л֣Ϊ˾û֪ˣѵǻ˾
ƣЦЦˣŵģĶһܱӣشһء
㡭ǫŭãȻ㲻Ůˣղ˿ֻΪ֮УΪͻȻֵĳԼ
ԭ򵥵úܣײ쳣
һڻӪãʹֵǫߣҲûݡ
ɥĲȥ̴ˣΪһ򣬽Լ¶ˣ
˶лˣ治թ㡣
ޱ飬֪ûѣΪ̫ôƣֻ֪ûлݼɡ
Ϊĵطǡȳ򡱡
Ҫ򣬴ԸлȥȣƫҪװݣ͵ܻԼȥȡ
ɼرлʶֲȷ벻л
Ѿ³˭Ӧ顣
ʱܱˣǰݼлǧ˵лǧݡ
ǽǫ䲻֪Ŀģײţ
һϴ˵Ľɢĸ뻨С
һ΢΢űŰֵˣӦȳĳ
׵ɨһۣȡ
лԭֻɣǷТȻ̲סȡ
ǫźһӡȷˣܱ֪˰ɣûһֿܣҲˣ
ǫ۾Ŷ
Ϊʹ˺úˡһҳֵĻشӻͳһ˱Ŀг˵ľЩ긮áɽ˾Լ˾Ҷӣɲұú÷ģ
ǫһе˱ЦΣ㽫˱ó㽭ǡ
ҽд֮У˽ΣЦۼ𣿡ڳеվֱ̬ȣǸúܣ˽ҽδЩƱȫҽ׬ģûһǮ
ǫס㡭
˱ӣȷ磺˵̴ȥ飬ҽӵ̴һҽµĲҵһ֮ǰͱԸ߼ܱˣӵӣԼĶɷɣ
ܱĿ࣬Ӧ
˶δֶΣǲ죺ӺķôྫͲΪǵİѱ
̯֣˵ôа
׳Ĭڲ·Тýڻıԭ򣺡磬ǰүү̴ĪǺ˾йأ
˾ڻǻ֮
͵ܱˡǫ֣ͻƻľ̴ܱ˵׵ܵܡ
ǫ治ɫ͸˼ֻңʲôƻľ
˲˵ֽ˱ӸлȥӰ˾˵
л̧۽ס֪ҲõС
һ۷Тԭߣ˵˳˵Ҫȥԭ𣬾ġ
׶ǫͷŭ𣬲µֽ߬ȭͷ
书лı£Ҳ᲻ܲ˵ǰɱˡ
ֻҪǫϣүүʧ֮¾û취֤ϾѾȥꡣ
үүֻˤһӣÿµø㲻
עû취
ʶǫ򶨵ļ죬л֣˱ҷ뿪ֿ򽭸л߹ԱΪԼժɾ𣿡
Ŷһ˵ң˵ݺǣǲԿ͢Щ߹ǣһСӽε˶࣬Ųλõ˶࣡
ǫָ˵һ̻ûй·ϣֻҪһλһ죬Ȩ
æл㣬Ӧ̻ȥıһ£˷Ҫ˭
ҿ˭ܻ뿪ŭ˵ǫ˻ıС
˶æס򲻿ɰ
˱ȥܵ˰šһĿŵĶִ֣Ǿ治֪ճˡ
ϾѾûб£ܵеùлߵĻǡ
һֱֵķТ˳˻
ת׷ȥлֻŤͷһۡ

ϸ꣬ТûԶվڶµˡ
׼ûߵĴ㣬Ż˲ӣߵǰȥ
ТʣСΣǰͻƻľ̴˭ģ֮ǰ֪
̲סô֪֮ǰ֪
Т֪ͲհĴڷ븮ɡ˭
ƫʣ֪˱ıҲ˵⹫;˾Ҳ֪ûʧ٣ֻҺһֱڹ
û̫磬Ҷ˾֮Ҳǰݼ⹫Т̧ժֻ֣Ҫ
ǰ⹫͵Щ
ǰ⹫ǵ̡
̵֮⣬ӡǧ֮Ķ
ƥǧ벻ͨģ⹫ΪλӽƥĺѪǣ
ѵǷТ⹫֮͵ģ
ײȥʣҲ֪䲻ȵ̸¶ǴǲǴļƻӦûǶǫֵʱ򣬲㹻һ
ⲻ󡣡Тָ»ָӦ˶֪ھеͬ˭ˡ
Ǿͺáײ˵꣬ȥл
Тʣ㻹ڹƭ㣬Ļ
ײ
ТĳĬдĦ࣬Цһ㣬СɽҿųģҵŮض
Ӧøл𣿸¿ļͷ䲻ϴһŭԲκκɫҶ֤ûдûǷҵ㳥Ӵ
ТδԼЦݣϸص֮ǰȥˮǣҦȥҽûȥ
׵ʱл˱Ť뿪˺ˮǣȥҦ
ؾǵİ·ϲл˻ȥʣҦ˵û¡
ȥһСƷЩҴСɽͨʱġҦ㣬ЩҸ׼ļױһӴСֽ𰣬ÿһҶһ
Т̾һ㣬ʵͺˡںˮСɽЩ꣬ҽд֣ʲôΡԽ֪ΡֵԽΪӡΪ˷˸жôһͿͿҸ֪ȥֲ
ĵǲֲ֪ǿ̫󣬲ۡ
޹ϵĸŮϵûš
ĮʣѡӱܣǸҦ棿
Т¶˵ɫûµйأȴǡ˵УʵڿҵӱܣԵÿЦʶǸŮ֮һ飬һŰֽ
֮Աǣҹǽ֮ڣǹԵǸͳͳܡҲź޸ʲôŮϵ֮ѪԵ֮ûκιϵҴǰҪ㣬Ҫ㡣
ת
Тס֪㲻ԸңҽҪһ£ͬ⡣
أײתʲô£
Тͻأصֻ䣬λѾ꣬һò֪ԭ򣿡
㶣ǳı㣿
пܡ
Тʧٲˣʧ֮ǰѾƷ̲ɣҲֻǸƷ
ΨһѵͻȻٻ
ȥ֮ǰڱһ顣
лϽگǽܷТһ͵
лگ̫ѣΪĳȫΪ˶ӣֻҪ㶨лɡ
лگ죬ǸŮֹҲͦ
Ȼܻƻ
Т֮ǰҲͬ⣬˵ӣȰġ
ʣˣ
ǡТ΢΢үүʱҴδһ֮¡룬ⲻʧһֲʽվλϣδ¡
̧ۿףĿдżϣͼ̽һҽصң֪ͬⲻͬ⣿


57 
һͣ
Т꣬ Ĭ
ԺнܼĻްԼ뿪ģүүûšΪҵĶӣ븮ԭļң ؾͻأ ʲôʸֹ
⻰˵ĸ Ҳ֪˵
Тʵлܲ˾Ըؾȥ Ŀ껹Ǵ䣬 ˵ĺ¡
Ӧþ˫޳ɣڡ
ʵڵִ ӲĲһ䣺ҰȥסˣҲѾˡ
Т ؼϣĵͬڵִ
ͷҲã ȡڣ һܼ㡣
˵һ٣ סڼУ þڻ ȥ¡
ȥⲻܣ Ļᷴࡣ
Ц˵ľѾ֮һָ̧ 㿴ųģҸ ܴӦگʮկ齵 طף طٳ
£ ָֻţֻлӻ˳
л߹ȥ仹ǲ˱˲Ц
Ƽڽ߽֪ˡ
ϾʮկľʦлСĸıԡ
ТָָԼָ򽭸ĪҪСǣŸսǾͱǸץˣҲû뵽
лҪ˵Ƽ׵һۡ
ĪðԼô࣬ɫ
ᣬлˣֻܱȲͶġ
׵Ƴһ۷ТƼûУǰ㻰ͽܣһͲҴˣܲܣ㽫ʱԼû뵽
ТЦ¡
ײмתлǲǽˣ
лҲ֪㲻ˣ֮ǫ붯֣һֱ˶ȰţҿǫǴ뿪
׵ĲҶ֣ЩɱֶɱĲˣֲܵ
ԱҲɵӣ˭ԵʦӰ˾ǧ֣
òȥˡ׵˱̻ؾ
ǫΪֱܱץؾǲܵġ
ֻл˱ϽӰ˾ͬʱ״ǫ˶Ӵɱޡ
ɱ¶϶˳ģʹǫѾǵϣҲǿտƾ
ֻ˱ڣ㹻ǫᣬܱλö졣
űǾڸջӦþ浹ͰԶˮ档
Тָصλү˶иʲôģ˵͵Ѿǲס֡
롣Ϊ͸˴λ֣Ϊ
ТͣǾƽҾһ㣬в񲿿ѡΪ
Ѱ˼ţΪݣκΪѡǴƽѡģһѡΪΪ׹ݣλߣȴӴ;Ե
һŻȴ޷ʩչͬ˻Ķ
ˣТɸǵͬ˻Ǹڼ顣
ڼڳвСôĸ߹٣û鵽ȥΪǸ߹١
ˣһ·ؾǿĶ谭л˱һۡ
ǣֵ¿ͬ˻һЩТҲлͱͺΧɱЩ̿͡
лѹ֡
ֵǵĿһ۽᲻Σա
ӦòᣬֻҪлס˱ˣ͸֤ʵǫɱڡ
ö˶˵ģǲе⡣
ؼ˱ܲ˳ؾǣֱ᷽ߣҹζ࣬ȥ֪ͨһϽؾ
ᵹˣҲѡ
һϷףϻ嶣ˣã˵
лһ⣬֪״
ͷ׽͹ˣһʱһʱˡ
סȴȱТס
ȴŭ壺Ҫұã˭ã
˸£ôˣ
Ŀɫ絶㣬˭ˣ㾹ȻԼ׹ùã
ίù⹫;˾ˣֵõһС죬ţʲô취
һ
Ҳ֪Բ͹ùãƣ⼸ҳǮذ̣Ϊ游ôСֺããЩǮС¶ҲʶȺ˵ˣƤӵı˽꣬ð˶ա
֪ף飬⹫һֱ˵мΪޡ
ȻТ֮Ҳĸףʲһ
ǵѾˣĸҲԹߣùôࡣ
⹫;˾ĸ׵ˣһŮŮһ÷ã꣡
ǰ˾ǲμлĻ񣬸㲻ûڸķТĸȻֶ͸¶
ǣҲ֪Тʲôôǽҡ
䳰ȷϹҲס治Ϊ
׺˵
ͷöͷһԼĹø
ТȴûڵסһòСɽ˭һƻľ¶
л׵ıӰȥ벻ԶüȻûֹӦÿ˵˾ӡ
ףТȻû뵽΢в죬ôϵ
ҵǡл龭򵥽˽
Тʱɫüͷ
л㲻˵ˡ
Тع񣺡ǲƭ㣿
ָļ£ƭҲδƭ̫ˡлڽв޼ֽ١
ԴСߵļλʦֻҪѪȫС⣬лȥ
Ƕ壬о仰ʵڲ²졣
˵
лʣôΪ˰ҶӣһֱԼŮܣ
ױƽҲΪԼ̾
Էʱ㰫һͷܾԼǷ࣬˵·
ТصҵʱҲû뵽ֻһᱻںˮüꡣ
л˵ڡƽ֮ΪҲȥ
Т̾ΪҸû뵽ЩŷкˮӵԭסǼſȻ΢ƽȣԴˮ֮УҾԼпΪ
л޻˵һʵû취վڷ׵ȥָ塣
ûж壬ôƽؿͨ·н㷱٣ǧնöԶл
л˰죺пջ˾ǣĸŮ֪Űɡ
ТĬã˵£Ųţ
£л治ţεκվ̸ЦΪʤˣʲô
֪ʹ˸磬ΪԸýҰ̣ŮТ΢ЩŲ֪
ҲǴԽҵ̬ϣТ֪̫뽭ȳɻԭ
ȴģȴ˵ˡ
תͷ߻ʾлȥǰ硣
лҲ֪¶ϵĸǿ첽ǰߣԽԽˣȥɡ
ȴȳĬŹ˸ʣ˵㲻ǲ⹫;˾ˣ
Т̽ʣûи߹㣿
ͣҼڳĮ֮ǰǶڸܵһӣĸŮϵΣ㲻𣿡
Тǣƺøò˵⹫ڽ̻ڵӰЩ飬Ҳŵ˱ꡣԭѾ̸ˣ⹫ȴͻȻԣԭı꣬ǵȢΪޣԸҺ
ТȢ޵ͷʱȫǳٱΪң
һʵ׳ѵЩΪҵĶӣΪҿ֦ɢҶȻǴ治
֪ԼĵУֱԼ˵Ǹɷָͻߣ뵢ĸס
Тϴʾܾͬҵĺ⹫ֺ˵Ϊڣ֮Ǻ룬ֻǹŮݣȽ᳤̻λáҸǲͬ⡣
ײֻĵȻյĽͬˡ
ТЦԼվ˵⹫֮Ľסɻ꣬ݣ⹫Ὣ⽻˵ֻԾ̸ȤҸᡣ˾ֳǿĵ⣬ҵˣͷӦⳡΪĻԼ֪ұһƭת
΢㵣׹⹫ͻȻڣΪĸ׿˷ТȫϷôƭŷТȢޣͼ֮Ͼʱ䲻̣㹻顣
ϷĹ
ѹַТѡ񽭸̡
û˵Эо飬ҹദʹģҲжʱ̣ˣʹȻ
лǴȫ޸鿪ʼģȲĸԭ֣ͼı
ӣĸ׳ɻ֮󣬾Ͻսңְʷ̨淢ͬ˻ɢ
֮һųġ
Ҳ˵ڷТܴһ겻£ڱĸ׸ı֡
Ϊ⹫;˾˻Тˡ
ǰһʮĸˣȴϸҵģ˭ȥء
Ψзֱܹ׳ַТ
ɲǷҳ֮󣬷ԼƭˣŻһԵʧ٣
ȻǡȾͷТͣס˽ŲûŷߣĪҪ룬ĳʲôٶۣҲģ֪Ƕòţֱ̹¶ʶҼװ֪ûΪƭգ
ֹ
װ˰죬Ҳû˵ȥ
ԭڶǰл˵ڽɡ
˿תТȷ¶Ĵǲ¶Ϊɫ
Ʋ⣺ͬ˻ʧأΪȫ㣿
ɷ̷ģͬ˻ӦҪ𶨹أͬ˻ᷢչѸҪϿصʱȴ·ġ
ʵл˵ʵ£ѰҸţԴͷԼ
Т̸ܶҪ֮ǣͨˣ۸ӡޡŮнûҲƹˤҪؾȥ
װҲȥ˵ла
ŷТĻ˵컨׹û׼ƭȥ˵л
ТΣа취òκ飬ֻңͬͬҵ䡣
׼һڸ׸˾ӡ飬ͬʲôã
Тº͵ΪҾؾ䣬һΪүүһΪ㡣
˵ԼҪȵ㲢ϲţ¶Ҫȵͷٲȡж
ʤȯյ˷׵ĺģ㾿ʲô취
Тǰھְ̲ͦʱǹ׿ȻǶʮǰˡ
ʮկ˳͢£벻ʲôͣػس͢ߣǼ߹ٵ£һ´䡣
ТûǰĻ
ҲȥƼлɡԶվţƺڵ˵껰
׳֣ꣿ
ʲôɡл߹ȥɡݸǡ
֪Ӿɡ۵ûţǸ㲻ʮıͬỨŸɡȴۡ
壬ؾ٣лмΣԲסҸչʱûպþ룬С䡣
׳ɡ߽Ļͬگһôס
л֪ڴ⣬õ塭
Тʣ㾿ôģл˵ɲԷһСھǴã
л̲סָ𣺡ڵĿӣ˵һپһƷҴӦҪٷ˸϶ҪʵΪֹ
ТҲɡߣ֮أݻկŮھѸ
Ȼᡣлȥ
ǹٴŮկТŤͷһۣܵĮϵܵˣɣϲڲ鰸ӣȥկʲôӥ
л
ģ˼ƣŽ˹ߣȥѹկˡ
Խ˽ףԽʺϵκ˵ġˡֻԼ
͵ҲԼ⣬мᶨǻᷢ䱦
лķֻǰճһĨ⡣
ͬʱ̧ͷһ֧ѶںҹգλãͷǶᣡ
׼״ͷٿǫãǴƸۣǸϾɱˣ
ƷվڸߴǵӰԾüܣлǰ
ȥ־̣Ժкöߣȫڴֵߣ
ߣл֣ץסƷɵ½󣬽ǰ΢΢ۣ㶢ҵ۾
δƷŬҲ޷۽
лɿ˻
Ʒɾȣҿ˵Ļɱߣɱʲô
ôȥæ
лТ壬ڰǰɣ
̵ľݵ㣬ȥȳ˶壬Ӧ˱ġ
ǵȷТͷлŷԾ߿գö壬ȥޣ
ת˲ûӰˡ

֧˸۶ᱼߡ
ڱŭеǫҲӻ߳λÿ
תͷ˶㰲ŵģ
ŵģ˶һ֪磬ڸȻлֻҪ˱ϽӰ˾Ǳ˵ˣ
ȥǫȴǾ˭µ֣Σټ¡
ǹ£һ֮˸Ͼɱˡ

лڶԺǽϣвɡյС
ٳûڣֻԺڵĳΪ죬޵Щ¶֣еĻӵ裬еڵϴеı˴˻
лħˣǰ㱳ӰһЩǽͷˤȥ
Ȼǻлδƾ񣬷Լ
׹Уǰ⾰ŤֱԺƷԣ̾ʮߣ
һͻȻĴڣתͷ˻˻ӳѶ
лһæסֱԼſѪڵߡڿ֪ƻõԭӦǲ֪Ӻδɢ̡
ߴͷҧһ̣л̽͵سſɡУԺɨһ磬ᶫӵϱ
ɡ֧Ųס˲䱻˺ƬЩƬưһɢ䣬Ҳͬ㡰ءɢȥ
Ժɨȥ΢ͣͣлȵǻƻõĶס
˵꣬°˺һסԼĿڱǡ
λͦĻʦҺýҹ΢꣬˴˵
书Բףһѣѧģ׷״˺²ϡ
лѾԴγ絶ԾԺУһ߿һյķš
ſһŮϥһ¯
лǰһն£
䣡ǰӰɢһ̣л֪ԼܵӰ죬񡣷ڲûˣΨд̨һ¯
лסǰ¯иʢˮԡͰæ¯ӽԡͰ
ȥ֮ʣ˭ķ䣿
һæش𣺡λġ
ӯӯл΢΢һ۷طһ飬ûӯӯӰ
λԭΪ˽ӯӯͳȥ뱻ǫȥ˻̯ƣ͵ˡ
Ѿܵ˶ᣬʱȣʱĶһƬǽ塣
ЩǣһǱúܣ޷ŽգҲûƽӦû¡
ȥлǼ䷿ﲻˣ
Ǳ˽ˡлָԡͰ㣬ܲ㣬ʩչĻôãϲ㣬οⱾ£ӳȥˡ
ƣҲǺɣزֽǶһ٣
벻ͨлͨԻ˭ʲô
Ҫôͺ
תߣл˳ȥ
ȥԺҷТֱʣǲǺйأ
Тôйأҽʲô
׺Ŷ˵ѣ˵֪ȥ
лҪȥһ
ТָŴſڣ߰ɣҴȥ

Ѿŵĸȥӯӯϣתŭǰ۵ƹ񣺡ʲôΪҲҪȥɱޣ
ƹü˳ĿȴӲģ֪֮ԱɱΪҪڵã⽭ϵԹԽԽڡ
ҲҪԼͣСлֵڣҼʱ㣬Ѿˣڣ޵ҲǶ֣
ƹ̧ͷٿһۣڻǲ浱ԼǸЩνķչģֻƭūЩı̫࣬ǲԼʹ
ʲôʹҲҪνӯӯߣΪΪ˽ӯӯĿ겢ޣ´жĪҺĳʹ㣡
ƹǡ
´ˣлһǰ뿪˸ãˡ
ϵӯӯȥѰ˼Լӯӯ°ߵ¶ǻӯӯǱ°ˡ
վڷⲽ
Ů˹ھΪǣһ֮ԵʲôŶԡ

˵ǡ
׵ȷûТݣʵھȡ
ʹл˵ĳǸ󣬵ȻЩˡ
лţ³֮ÿţȺ˵ʣϽ
ĥôлӯӯ¶лһʵԭء
ƹӦ죬붯֣лѾƹ絶ĵеϣ
Ӧνȥٳָ³ķס
ȻԶһʸ˻ȥ
ʱҹѾûʲôˣŷ֣Ӷݶһڸ֡
Ҳ˳ڷߵҸ㣬ǿģΪҵ´󲿷ֶӰ˾İ
üǰ˺ʵݣ
ղТϽսܣ˻ȥûñȥˣ׵ĶӼλǺ̫Сһֱ׾˾Ȩ
겻¶棬˶Ϊ˾ʵǱԭѧա
֪Ͻǲǻ
Тڻһִֻ̡Ϊ˸ǫףмӺͼ
л֪ģҾԭʦѺԭ졣
лĵлѹƹϣ㵱ұ䣬Ϊʲô
ʣΪ˱䣬Ϊʲô
ѵΪ˶ύһЩԳ͢Ľ֣õϣлûκαƭĸолϪͬ뺫ԭֻѵĹϵ㲻иӣдɽύ֣
ô֪ڷִ²ͬѰٿϻԵӯӯӯӯģ
ֻӯӯмĲӡ
ТЦӯӯ˵ģֻǸҡ
ע⵽ߵˣס˰ûӯӯʲôˣ
ҲТӯӯʶ¶ﲢû˵
лطӦȵ壬ǰӯӯӹǡȣòⰲŵİɣ
Тָڵӯӯŷ׿л񷭱ӪҳƯŮϸǷ˾ˣû˿֮ġ
ĵѹӯӯƯ˹ĿԭǾϸѡġ
šŮϸ֣ϵѪɫ𽥱ա
лԼҪιȥǰͿʼ˼ˣ
Тϣҵúܣ뽭ֽΪңԶΪԸ񣬶Ụ½ϡ֪ױٱƵò˹Ůʱ߲ڻһӡ
лСŬΪ˱µʮկկ
֮ͬյĲס
Тʶ½ζĿӣ췴ʱٹ´κµͨա
û뵽иڸ㾹ӯӯӸТһƬѪ׷ѣ򺫳ˣϷȫףֻӯӯ½ϣû뵽Ȼջ񡣡
ջǺݣ֪ТؾĹʲôˡ
ס˻켣ڽɵϽ⹦㹻͢Ŀġ
κϽͣսЭ飬˽κִκɷ˾ٲҪʹκ͢һ
ҧҧл˼ҸڵĿӣȴƵͷϣҸˣ
л̲סһ䣺ҲǶ˳һûʮ塣
ТĿӣ㵽˭
Тȴʷף˭
֪ڵԼĻػǴκԺĴ䡣


58 
·
Т仰 ŵġ
Ȼ¿ͷѣֻǸʼ̽ʣȥˣ
ȴûб̬˵Щʱ򣿡
ТЦ޷ģѶ
ѶЦһתǰ гӯӯϸĲϣ ˣ ҲʡߣȻɱ
Т£֣ҲΪϽϾҪ Ҷԣ ֻǸϸ
ӯӯñĽЧҵˡ
֪ӯӯѾˡ
ӯӯ۾ ͵ЧҵĲǷӰ˾ Ǵκ
Ч˭ûмֲ ĿҲ㾹ƽ
ӦΣӯӯʣ ƭ㣬 ѵһֱƭң
Ц ҳݺǼٵģ ʲôģȴͷŴﵽȫǼٵģ
ӯӯ޶ԣҸĸ˫ģֻǲǽ ǱĹٱġʮǰ ˵ϣǵ֮¡
ս΢΢
ӯӯʣ֪Ӱ˾Ӫ жָʹӵ˶Ĺ¶𣿡
ֻ֪ƣ ֲĽ վ
֮ǰ磬 ֱͦ˼Т߱ȭͷȷϽɣҲ
Тȴʵӯӯûԥ
ӯӯɫһ֪Ҳ
Сӯӯ̹Ȼϣ̵δһ̸ԼְԼӰ˾ӪĳԣԸԴҴκ̫ƽ֮
Т˵ͷ溫ʵģӯӯĻظ֮л
л֪ɱ￴췴׶Ҳһ̬ȡ
лû췴ģҲŷ׻顣
״ʱӯӯд͡
лһ⣬òϣֻɱĺܳɹ
սܵͼƹ̾˿
лǯƵĸ޷ʩչһᣬþĵޣӣ
𣡡赲Ŀ¶֣⵶л΢侲
лȻֵ᷸͵ȴ󣬸ƹ֮ǰɵյ֣еһಱ˳佱һ䣺㵹ͦĹ
ֻһ£ƹ֪Լˣɫ𽥻Ұܡ
Ǻαأǳ⣬ѱ֣ҼʹӳӻϽȥ
սʣͬʱҲԭʣ¶ΪߵķȣɨһˣοץΣκ裬ʱҺϽսԺ󲻻ùԹԷűȥ
ǴϽȥܶл֮ǰԸлϪگ´
㡭ٴεүģѾΪˣͲһصӣ
ТǰһԴκڹ롱ƣϣʱίˡ
ϽǸȽĵطǰշΪǰʱֶκ󻹵ϽԼĹʷҲϽԭΪΪ췴
ʵдκԱϽĳƺһֱǰϽϰףΪϡ
ᲽߣԽż֮ǰͣ½ŲͷӪ˼ĸ̣Щ֮顣
üĿ֮սջĿ⣬ż
ϡһӰǰ˫ָ߸߾ٹͷʾе
ץ˼½ǽнſ׼õһΧ̶˼Ӱ
ƹҲӰܡ
ȥķ򲢷Ǹã̵ľݵ㣬ĶķҲӰ˾ڽϵļ紦֮һ
ķڳϰ彭Ǹˣƹ񵽿Сˣȫǰ
ʶǫ߽ȫһΧݡ
¶⴦ݵ㼴ڣѱˡ
׺лҲٻظãȥ˶ķϢǻظȡҽ޹֮뿪

޴Ӹóȥʱû뵽˶ſ
ǴӺʱʼģ޲һֱˣٴǰԺʱûҪƭԼǴȢɩ˿ʼİɣǫǲ룿
ʱҹ룬ĳѾûˣҲֻվһƽ
˶δֱӻش𣺡Ҳһֱ˵ԷײһʱͲŮ֮顣
ԼµĲô̵ɩͷˣαΪԼҽڣⲻ㲻ҶԿҵɰˡ
ôɡ
ô벻Ҫ˵Լͺá
ޣ֪֪ʵ᣿ѵû𣬴ԺӼٵԺ̵ֻ㡣ͱˣ˶Լĺһ׵ģʵ׵˾㣬ԽоͲдˣܾ¼ֻȷúܡ
޲磬תߡ
˶˵⼸겻֪ȰٴΣһΣδ֮ǰҪִŸĸ˷ܻã´δأ
ް˼ҲûУõģҵĺ˾ԲϾƱظ֮
˶̾Ϊ˹ִأ
ΪԽңԽ˵ҵķûдΪҪ˵꣬ת˽ƽеĵһǣ壬ͬΪıΪ֮Ҳٶ飡
԰սӻƽͷҲص

Ҫ·ķΧТָϵĵͼҪѺ⺫ؾǣ㡣Сɽ˱½·ȥһ㣬Ǿͬʱִﾩǡ
һˣ⾪յĴҹȥƣҲûС˷Т˰ţⲻлȥ𣿡Ҳ˵ˣͬ˻д֪Щʲôħ֡
ǳ˫䵶ļһ¡
⻹Ǹڲֵ£ԺΪл˱ؾ֪ʹʲôֶΡ
лȷܸŷТߣΪ˱ͺܷͬһ
û⡣лӦ
Һһ𡣡ײģ׸֮䣬ΪԼøࡣ
лͬ⣺ļۣ̫Σա
ָ棺Ǿˮ·˳ľ˾ˣλˣֻɸʦźɣТȻҲѡţȽؾ˵
лȻ֪϶Ǹո
Ϊڷ˵ħ֡ĸʱ˵ͷ
һ·ؾ״ܻʤ
ȻװڳһҺ£ҲŷТӰ˾ֻ㡱ı飬ԥ
ҲãСɡТɰڵͼŻһ··ؾ·ʱ˳ȡЩҩڵͼд緽ʽ
л⣺ȡҩ
Т̾еĳ̽ûȫҦùýⲻˣϸλӵУǰͬ˻ģҳҩѾ˴ˣÿ¶Ҫȡҩ֪ҪԶá
޶ԵĿҡ
СεļһơТ⣬ոƢ벻ģֻȥ
лͬ˴ŷһߣ壬Ҫʲôƾ֤
Тָ·ףҪʲôƾ֤һĹŮװһ£ǰ߽װ缴ɣСΰ̡
лòף̣һ۱ˡ
Т˵ˣ˭мˣ
ҵøĸ֡лһ·ٺʮɡ
ùһ㲻ʮ壬֡ Тһ䣬Сɽʮ壬ԤףǴһ·죬ɽˮԶԸ֮󾩳ټʱܰȻ


59 
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˵֮ Т¥ȥˡ
˱ˮԹԶŵͼƵġ
ԽС¶Խ
лڰǺ֮ǰԥ ûס˵˳ҲǱԹ ֻҵʱʮ꣬ ͸Ұ˼ƣĽˣ һʱпˡ
ûᰡ̧ͷգգۣ ʮֲСˣ ľߺ塣
˰ɡл˽
ְڵͼϣҲ֣ ֱϣٽָ£ ʵ˵ Ƽҹ Щĸп

㲻Ҫᣬ ָĲΪ ʹκ͢Ÿɡл¥ϺķָӢѹ˹ء
ǰ˵Ǹ߱䣬ºȾƣ ·˲ڽ£ 緢
ϧǰжжп ̹֮ԣ ҲŲء
üֻҪ췴 ôŶġ
췴 лٽˣֱһֻֽͼץһպã춼ˣϽϢһ绹ø·˵Ҫðꡣ
ǵϢһҹҵģһ״ûԹһϾôʣֻǶӣлһֱᵶ
Ƚ˷䣬лˣֱɴϡ
ڼʱɲǸˣ⴩ѾԲܰŴ̡
лҲͦɾ˴ûΪϰ߰졣
״Űȹ˯ŵģ˯˶ãҲҪʰһ
ãߡȣӴβȥӽ˸Ǻá
ͻһף׾Ҫ߱סͷ
ǰҲһʱлЦô˾Ȼ´ס
ڶûЦֻ²£ҪҪ˯
ֻϽסκм˸Ǵͷи첲⻹ײһ¡л㽫ͷˣ֮ٲš
ȻĽһ§Ҳ˳ƶȥ
۳̫뷨ȡůˡ
ƫƫл۾ˣͻһһϣҼǵ֮ǰ˵ʲôţ
֧һţ
л˵ŬŬһԶˡ˽ҲǹĽ˰ɣ
׵һ˭áĽ顱ݷ֮䣬ûصϽ˯İɡ
лЦЦڰ֮УԺֳָ֮ǰįģ
Ĳлҵ§ķס

ǳŵʱ򣬷ТѾź뿪ˣƷҲһ
лͷȥɿ뿪
лѹҲȿһ°ڡ
յ°֣඼Сӵһԣǧӡ
Ѿ̬
Ҳ໹лǰ˵Ǿ䣺ÿĶǶˡ
λľ֮ҼˡǴ֮ǰ޼Լ°Ҳ࣬ٴεлʾд仰Ϊ˱лĸл
лԸ棬Ҳû֮ǰôˣЦŵ˿
ʣ˵ȵô
˼Ϯ˾ȱ
лأˣƣֵܵĵȥˣǰʼġľȱ书ߡ
ƽԼûע⵽ϸڣεرȭʦ֣书ȷ֮ϡ
лɨ޵Ļܼܲʶһ£
ƽæǸлǧʦԸȽϹŹ֣̫ϲͷ¶档
лǵһؾ֮˽Լд衣
ƽüͷֱܾۣȻȥ֮˵
лŶһǾô˵ˡ
лǧƽ̬Ϊ֣вãҹİ֮ڣûб¶
޵Ǵ뿪ڼûٶ࿴һۡ
лȴ׷Ĵ
Ҵ˳ŲԵĴ˺ʧҰУײſʣƽλʦѵʲô⣿
лǱȽĿˣղ˵Ҫͽƽʦд裬ֵĹţԸ
дˣ˷ܵĲŶԡ
ûУо¶˵⡣
лֱۣһɽƽʦ֣Ǹ֮ǰƬΪ׵Ѫ԰ˡ
ͫ׽֪ⷽ治޵ķʸǴĶģ
лͣ°ߣ޲ƽȥ׷
׵ͷ
ƽΪˣһöȥˡ
лȻһַʱҲû̫ע⡣ᵽʦˣѧ֮ϡҲźȻƽַߵĸһСʹƽʦֲǸˣҲԶͬһʦ̵ġ
ţѵޱȻף
ڸԭ໥ƺģһڸ󣬵ڸվȽŸһˣ
޲ӡΪʩչ
лһ˵ܽԼɳæֹӣֱӡ


60 
ׯˣ
˵꣬ лǣŷߡ
ɿڱ⣬˺ƮŵĴֻ٣Ҳӵϵķ۵ס
֪ǵ٩ ԭЦģ Ǹᣬ ֺܿ£
֪л٩ҲԵʵġ
뵽лǣ л絶ߺõֶɳš
˼˵Ҳǲܣ û׼׵Ķӡ
ײ̵޾ĸ Ҳᴥ
λ󶽹ǵţĸ
۵лģ ۾һҲɣѵǸ̫ࣿ
ӱˮأ Щ䣬  ҡͷܡײͻȻðģ 빬ǰмѭҲһĳ ڵ˵űԹ̡˵ץгΪ͵ȵɨ̫࣬ Ϊ
ʱдӼܸ鲻̫ϣ ΪʱٱӰ˾˵˵У Ȼ¼
׽޵ͺ ɵĪ׽֮ǰµĶӣ

ڴβļװϣ ˺ӰƵ ĵĸӡ
лʲô֮Ųʲôˡ
෴ģолĻһƬϡ
֮ǰҲδѣʲôԭˣ޶ദǢ޿ĺס
ƽлǧĵͣ޻ûֻ˵ͣ
ǡƽ⣬ӦеĿ⣬ˣʦҡ
޵ͷȥ
վһͷҵˣʦֽƣƽǲлǧǰʹǵĶŰ
ƽһ㶣УΪ˾лˡ
ǻˡ̾˿ǱлǧƳЩߡ
ƽĵڰɣ㲻֪ʱĳжңҳֲһ˲䣬۹·˷
˵Ͼǻﲻľ硣󣬲ĴңܱǷҪؾ·ϡ˼ţıӰȥĪҪ߹ӣ붽ִ
ƽԥʦ֣лǧ򸾲Ÿովȹǡ
Ƶ桱ƽǳ͢ǽҪһ𻼹Ѿѡڹ߾ˣҲѧĸ֮ʣ

ɿڸĲ¥ż۵Ĵȹϻɫװ
ְ½Σɢ˷٣ѧлģ˸β
лΪ˶ַ㣬绻˽ϼ򵥵Ľ£˿վڴߣƿһ죬ϸ۲ûڿ̽ǡ
Ȼ֮뿪¥׼õ뿪˻
ߵСǹٵлǰϳһڳסҲ档
ּ䴩󣬷׵֪ƽλʦͷΣ㹻㷽ŵķӦܻɡ
ܸߣӦòֻ书׿ô򵥡
лģǲȡʲôж֤ҵжûдǧȷһġ
Ȼȥ֮߷Тȥ顣Ҳû̫ġʱͬգТˣȥǲһ·ɫ
ڰصɱлߣ׻첻⡣
֣ҲҪīߺˡ
л²Ҫöϸ飬飬׺޲׳졣
ŤͷʱԱ˼ҵ˽ôȤˣ
лڨڨ˸ɣץ˾ӡ㣬ٿ϶á
Ц뵽СʯӣԵ¡
ƨɵµ棬ݳλҲȲóͣü
лȥ˼ϣ㲻£⣬ڳҲܼʱס㡣
˭˵ˡв˫ȴȥ΢΢˻ΣҾͲ˵˵
лָűĳ᣺ֲ治һܺ˵
׿ڳϣգգֻۣܿıӰ뿴
˴ˣǰֻΣĿ
յһҹȥ׷·ܵǹɢţȾ֮£ƺǰвͬ
лûϵ˵ƫͷԼڼݳϽơ
Ժоһֱڶ߲ȣȴЩţչ̡
лסѪУԼҪ죬ɿĻһۣ˵ʵɣǲǶץһϽӲڳ͢վȽŸ˵ңȥȰҵ˳͢
ԭһ˵Ϊʹõ֮С
ͻأһʣƴоѣʱһˣΪɨˣ
лһ㶣ɨˣ
׺ݺݵһۣϥһĳȥˡ
лҧһ촽⣺ⲻңҪܹ֡
뾩֮ǰֻһͳޡڶ˵ԣ˵Ȼ˴ڲû¶ǻԡ
ȴܿκοòľٶ
л£ͷһ˵Ļ鷿
ȴĿŵò֪һĶҲûУ׻ͷǰΪ㲻һ£˳ͼı
һѣ׵ɲǼʧӰ٣Ų֪νܲ͡˵֮ǰڴϱܿǴûбСףչѾˣٷġ
ʱҲǹòֻǡһʱ
ҷ־ԼСʵͦɿ
лƽʱһԣĵõúܣǰ˳ɣʮɡ
ƲסͷգҲû·Ͳֱͣˣ
˵žսͣ
ϴƢԼԲܷڶΡ
л֪Ȼ壬ȴϣܻȥ䡣ҲûôִǶߵһˣʲôܺҺú˵ʹ˼ƣ
տ˼ִֵúܡ
׼Ȳ˵ʵ־ί𼹱΢΢ͷ֪ջɥ
ߵȥ£˫۴խϸ׳ĺഩӱ§ԩңûУҾǽٺЩΡ
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׽ѣҲ룬жѣʹ˼ƣҶʹ˼ƣ㷢Ƣʡ¶
лüͷ⻰˵еˣ
֮ǰڴϡ
׷ЦĻ֦Ҳ˵ʲôҾ͵ֱЦңĵҲôá
лһЩϲ̾ת˵ȥ
ǲǳɽˮģһ;ɱ̿ͣ治ȷܲܶùȥ
ˣⱲӶ´̧ͷˡ
֮ų˿ѾӽļҪϽִһǡ
ˣٶȸ㲻û꣬ѹѹƲ㣬ܻǱ꣬Ҳ÷ֱ
һֱ˷ȳжûиǡ
֪ˡ״Ӧһɿ
л
˵ԱֻǱ˵һЩ߰Ļ
λϣʲô
л˵û¶ҲãʡǴҪͷԽ룬Խòƽ

֮ǰǳƬӣȴûִܵｭɽĽأҵطˡ
յͼʾмרЪŵĿջ
ȵִ֮ſȴдšׯ֡
лϸȶ԰죺ô£
ջķˣׯҲ״ӳ̽ͷֻׯǡùҰ׵ĵŻ˵ġ
߰ɡлͼ׼ðǡ
̧ͷ죬ŨƷ뱩¶Ҳһӣȶ߰ɡ
л϶ʬ壬׾ڴ´Ҳûټʬ塣
лǣԣ
ׯָȿջȫء
Сл絶§۽ǰȥš
ûκηӦ
ѵûׯˣлţȻûжǽͷһƣŲ˻ˡ
һֻյĴű˴ڴһȡ
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лҲҪˣȥꡣ
šüͷָңӣׯ֪ʲôׯȻׯꣿ
лʣ̨ׯˣ
˲ش𣬲ͷָ·ׯڲʺ϶꣬ȥ𴦰ɣʮдׯ԰˼Ǹˣǿȥޡ
˵һ״ӺɰһӵݹȥǾͶһС˾ߡ
˶ӿۣԥҡͷС
ײׯڿйŹ֣ϴ˱һ²ʡһ£ҲԥҪҪߡ
ûãлѾ͵õʽһŶ
˴󾪣˻ȥ
׿书
лȥֻһӰӰ´µСԺׯûõ飿ʵǷס
ûע⣺κڵׯȫģׯҲҪõ˵һʵôô
ǹǿǼѲУɣСǸϽߡ
лǣŷڣСԺá
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üسʲô£ׯͣʬ
лɨһۣײɵȫǻˡ
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ׯˡ¹ׯţת˽εݣӷѰˣұ˵ʵǶصĲ죬ץһϲҹ͵ʬλȥԺţҪǰ


61 
Ҷͦ׵ġ
ظһ飺ϲҹ͵ʬ
ͷÿγҹ Ǳҹڽɽ磬רׯ֡ҹб̫꣬үΪĿԼ Ƕץ
ĹľûһҲаǧ ÷˼
úܣ ʣȡһöƣ زͷƣ£ ͸Ͻ뿪µĻȥԺţĪҪǰ참
һ ٻһ˵æлԺߡ
Ժԭջ δҲûеƣ 塣
û ֻվſ¡
лıϻȡ һӣ
ڳã վţ ҡҡͷ
ⲶͷɡץУΪҪ·˽͵ôϸ
οˣ ʻׯ꣬ е㾭Ĳ죬ҲȻǲ͵ʬɣ
л룺㻳ǻǳģǡͷǰǾ֮⣬ Ϸ
ײ֪ׯʱ⣬ ǡׯĿԴ󲻴󣿡
ֻҪ˶࣬ ;κһ䣬 ο⽼Ъŵĵط١лָسǵķ򣬡ǵǵڽֹǣʱĳܻи벻·ϣǽ˳ǡ
˼ǣǴʱʹ뿪ׯȥׯ԰ܶ
ɡлһţıЦû¶ֻǲֱ֣治ѣ֪ô˭
Ҷ֣ȫ
׼üдɣֹ۸ȾҲЦǾ͵Űɡ
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á
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ǳׯţһɴ۵Сۡ
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лĬĬ۲һȶеͼд
Լļ򣺡޵ĵطһʱ۲ۣ˯
ȷʵһЩ⣬סֱۣԴ῿ļϣһЦϸϸ㿴һԶѵĿԧ죿
лãѣѰ˼£Ҫű̫Ǳһ·ɱȥ
ױ˵Լص㲻ǡѡΪл˳ɻǡ
˵ܲҴţֱ˵˵ףصǡԧ족
ȴֻлʣѵûԧ죿ĸԧúܣƯĶǹģ
뵽ͻȻֱͦ壬޷޵صһۡ
л
˵ʲôˣ

Ͻڴׯһũң˯ӲҺ˺ӣϴлѾѴ̺ˡ
ªںأӶģůůź˯
ѥʱŵƹ⣬ȻЬմ˼Ѫ
̲סüͷƽʱѥӿ϶ˡ˫ѥʱڻģ̫Сǳż뿪ֻһ˫
˯ȻȥѪϴȴպŴ˴ȥ˫µġлʳָüһֱӽ£ӸǺãѾʱˣϽ˯
׶Ⱦµıֻ¶һ˫۾
ôˣлܾýЩ֡ׯϮ֮󣬸֡
ҡҡͷȥɣϢ
á
ĿѥߡӰʧԼüģЦһ
лʰûѾ˯ˡ
Ҫ־裬ûϴϢ
ڶͷײһл͵ǽ߲ˣҶʹ
лǲķ˳Իˣ
׳֣ǿˮҪˡ
лȥŲһ٣ȥ£ǻҪü죿
֪׵Ŀˮļ죬ÿǼ죬ܻᱧӸڸ֣Ҳˡ
ʱʹڴһ첻лŹʹһΣǺ˼Ҳҿˡ
˷磬ƻǰ״ӱ֣֣̽Լůůȴָ㳯ĺ˿
һлë̲ס˵Ҹо㲻˷磬а


65 
úӰ
ױҭס Ϻݺҧһڡ
ֲָ֪ɲɾֻ̧Ƴǰаˣ Ҳаܼ޸㣿
лæ˵ͳȥҴӡ
׻֣ ߲ˡ
ͦ벻ͨġ׻ǰ Ǹճɻǻ첻ͦҵɡ ǵҵĶܣ ĨƵġ
ٲ˵Щ
ʱ򲻡ϲ⻰˵ л߸Ϊ̫˽㣬 Ǻϱ
կ׵ô壬лѧĺ壬 ˵һҲΣ Ϊ̫ģ  Ǹϻ۵Ĵ˶ ֻܿͶˡ
üҲˣ
л˵ǻġ
ףѵǰǸģ
л
ЩˣҲʵ˵ǣ ܹҵ˼
Ц Ѿʼ̣ץ죬 ԼСϡ
лҲֻ΢΢˽ ֮ ڴ ĸȥ
ײĴȣӲģ밤ϲٸ˵˵
˵ʲô
лָ㸩˵ֻ꣬ñƵģݶķ飺ôģ˵
׶ݺݵ˵ǾѧһѧޣҶ°ϡ
л־ĵͷ뿴ǲġ
׼ųɫſЦļֱЦ˶ʹüһ
ȱˡлѪۼģСİู
ŤŤ壬յƾɵĴŴĹֱû谵Ҫˣ
ǰɡԳлҲſȥ
ҲͷĹȻ˯ˡ
һֱ˯ϰߣлûٶ˯˲ŽԴƿΪ˯˰˳ɻ
СĸǺñӣлȥʴӣûʹȥһ

ڴ죬Ҳ졣
׵Ŀˮ仹ڣжѾûӰ졣ǻҪȥϸϽµȥпҩٵ飬ТھͣǼڵϼ̡
Ǹ򵼣ϵݸֽϸߵĶƫƧֲ᫵С·
źüڴܻԳȥ̽̽·Ȳȵ㡣
ٳʱǰ֪лˣǷҪȥصĻ·Ҫ񣬿ܻ
˸ȣױŹ׵ӣԭ
ǰʮ˴ȫٸˡָǰ˺ü£Щׯλڼúӱϣ򷴳¸ͣúˮˡкü˵ڼú￴ӰЩΪŭ׼׼Ů
ȰҲܽǧ˶ץû㹻ѹƣϱ˼ϸá
פúӸļҲ˱һ߻࿴˳ۣһߺЩûӵı뺷ţһ㣬²һЩΣƹȥǾƵ̫Զ
üлȥĵͼ
лת᲻ͬ˻ģϸúͼѵҲǵˣ
ֻ֪ͬλүͬ˻ԴԼܱйᡣ
һ֪
׶ŵͼãһ뷨ͷСлһҲ̫󵳵ģ׻ⶼпܡ
л⣺̫󣿡
ֵڼúΣǺڴˡ
лָ⣬֪ȵ۵ĵڶӣҲڸԭõľѡ
˼Ĳ׿ȻϹս涼ǳ㣬Ҳʡȵ۳ٳٲ̫ӣݱ֮ûگλĪ
̾ϧণٿؽ;Ϣȵֻһף˵ȵǰλ˼´СӣҽӷΪϳ˾ǡ⼸̫ûѰ鷳˵ʮ̽ӡ
лȻںķϳӰֵúҡ
ǲƽᱻΪƣָԼӣı֮ġ
˵ϸúͼҲ֪ڰæѹ뽫ִ󡣡ЩȨ̫ӣлһĥͷʹ
һֱ̫⣬ΪһƱܵ췴
ʵʲôõģȫûɣҪ쿴Щ˼ٸӵǶȥ붼Ҫˡ
ǵ¶·ˣֱӴȥ
ֱ壺תȥʲô
лšüͷ
ǰûκѵλ
Ӧãλ𵶱ⲻǶķ
οؾҪĵһ£ӦǸɵү
ΪҲãҲãͬ˻ͽ֮ǣûʲôŻҪʱӦòȥ̫󵳡
ײµ룺Ҳ֪ТĴ㣬Լȥ˽ġ
лһ⻰жʱһɲԤУòͺҲʲôǣɣ
ЦУ˵أǣҸﶥŷȥ
ףлһһޣðһ
ȥлͼֱһֱۣڳһû̬
浱Ƣô
ƾ˵컨׹ҲԲȥæ
ףʵ
лˣ㲻Ҫңһ㶼֪
ЦֹͷЩ׸ϽͣҺͺǣͺǱã˵ĸ׽á⼸ʽ΢Ҳһйϵ
л֪һ磬ɫ̻ͣΡ
û˵ôԼͿʼ
С飬ڶԼôԿϵ
ǵ̾˿ĸȥ磬ĸ۰úܣĹϵҲ׽׽ð㣬⼸ʱܳǹСס
һϢ֪ͨ£϶ѾҹӾˣһǳ¶ˣ´һãⵯʱǣֻ
ǻʲôʲôգл֪׶᲻
Ҳϲ׵һ㣬ܱѣʱȨס
лÿӣ·߶ιȥ
ˣǲҪݽ۳ž뾩ǲԶˡվлĽҩƿӿҵ˼ǴпܻΣգðѽҩŽϻҪţһָ㶪ô죿
ϻ͵лߴĥ䣬֮ɸʬô죿
䣬٣ϼʻλʼϳ
л³ǶμΪ㣬Ҳں٣ʱͦ˳֡

ײµģʱȷںڡ
һںͺҶƾ˵ףϧСȥ˽꣬ȻҴһڴֵּ顣
˵꣬ҶƾŮ棺С㣬˵շ롣
ɣԼ˵ܲٲܲٵſߡ
ͣ·ߣڳϵţ׺лվ¥µȡ
С껹ϸϸ¸ͣ
ԶʱƼ£ͦл֪ȻǷˣдϲŲܹȥ
Ҳܷװ磬ſ˶ſǰסĸ첲⣺ϬҲŸ˵㣬һͳǰˡ
׼ں˿ҺûȥúӱߵĴЩ֪
˻ŭǣֳصıңûκô
ҵȥүȥ¶ѽı飬㲻ƽʱŶͦӵĴ񣬾ΪһЩ׽Ӱҥһ׺ݿ¡
ݣ֪Ѿȥˡ
ʱܼҳлǧлˣҼү롣
ߣǽȥ˵ڣ֪ΪԼģдϣȴûл
ױקȥ˲ȣ߱ʣ㼸ʱģ
ϡ
뾩֮ǰûʲôԣ˵ĲǼúӰǹڵʦޡ
˵Ǻͬڻ˴ɱһն£˲ż
һֱûклкתͷлǧ˵ɱ˻һǲģ
⴫湻ףлЦܣֲǿвˡʹɱ֮ˣҿʮҲֻشһȣˡ
Ǳס˽ŲлԼȻиĽĿռ䡣
Ҿ˵ͷͷ˵ڷ;УȴûǵϢһΪǷȥء
Ϣûдȥ
˵Żִﻨԭţ֮վлǧлˡ
״ǰ棬δ˵ҲƳĳ緢
ʱȥǰĥ˴룬ýС΢
ү˿ҵӰ˾һλǧ٣ʵǿ̾
ʶŵһ佫Դвлۣ
ֲЦˣȻӣлҲȭ񣺡Ӱ˾лү
׸Ÿ˸ү
ͷʾ֮£λǼĴ޽
ǶԺӭʮֲĴ޽ĵسлȭлǧȻһ֪Ĺٳ
˵лһۣҲ㳰òлȷĹ٣֮ǰΥ͸С
⣬л
Σ֪ʣлǧٲ˱д̵İӣҸΪ£
ǆ£СΣ޽үԼˣл˵޷
£ʹĿⶼлϣŲϡ
˵ǳæģվǹغ£ֳϸӵģ˹ѯʴ磺޽֪⡮úӰôһ£
ó粻̫һ˶ԣǷ޵ִﻨ֮ǰ϶ô
ĲԸؽߣҲǰ飬úӱ꣬кüӵĴںϡӰӡڶ죬ԼҴһʯ˺ӱߣˮУ沿бݿɹĺۼǴǱ˵ŭ
Ϣû̫𣬽һڴ׼
ʣʯʲô
ȥʬ壺ʬϢ֮ȥӱߵġַŭҧαѡΪƷŮʯʮŮΪʯŭŮƽϢôʯǱһŲ
ĥţúӰɱ֮䡭
үһǼΪӰʵڡʯ֮ǡӰ֮˽ס糯ȭǼͬһӣֱڲͬʱΣͬӶΣƼġӰ벻Ǽٵġ
һüģһʾ죺㶼˵Ļڽˣ鲻˭װŪװŪ⡮췴ñӱڱͷϡ
˼£ǡ
л߿˿ѯʣ᲻ǻ֮ǰǲǿߣ
лĬȴ棬ҲоһֻȽӴʳΪˮʲôԭôΪʲôҪȥһ̽
᲻ΣգЩ}ûš
Ҳùȥһ֪̽лԾԾԣԭǸֵģ񼫸Ȥ絶ֻ֣޲̾ȥ
׵ͷǹȥӱһˡ
ǵ죬лͬжϣԺͻˡ
ٳлȭȰҪֹ̫ۣлǧúӲСڡӰ˼Ҳûټ
л˵ΪǶǷһʱֹ
磺ĵ֮ôסǵ׼ҪУͣˣԽԽꡣѹֲǣƲסǼλΪү
ʱסЩ񲢷¶·⣬׼˭ģԼҪƶ˭
ԼҴĴ峤Լӵϡֱ߸պϣЩӲСȫһ壬ԲѴ
׽ɡݸлӹᷭ޽ٶȣټܱһЩΪ
ãȻ⣺
Ǿ䡰ҵרԣЩȥ׼Ϸ˵úʵǸŮϲŮˣҪ׼ŮϲӢˣԴ峤ĶӾͦ׼˰ɡ
ѻȸ˵ȵȣһЩĵߵǰѼĶﶼóһȣѡӢһ׼ˡ


66 

˵֮ ʹЩסˣдţҲУ
ϰ˼·ҲƬ̲Ц⣬Ǽ񿴵ֻӰ ֱַ治ۡ
練Ӧ ޵ã úӳֵŮүơⶼһˡͰţ˵űߡ
˵ү 취ֹܹ׼ ̬չĸأͬб׶ˡ
üл˵
׵ԺӰ ԻܵɡŮҲͼı ɰ̫֮ġ
͵ͣ½ŲֻҽǰΣ һʱûôԶ
ɫҲѿ
ʱţ ׼һ岻ģǿαװ λҲϧ ȱһЩ
Ȱ֮˵ôŶҪǿ췴 ֻҪ֤ʵǡӰʵڣܰȻȹץס߳ Ϊ һ׮
֪׷ͦˣ Ϊ̫󵳹Ū飬 Ӱڣ ⹦лҲһݡ
лʹ˸ɫ л᲻֪룬һ˽⡱
һѾ׬µʦ˱ЭϽ
û뵽ؾǵ·ϣȺ¶ֱǰ͸ġ
ȥ벻ٶܡ
үл˵ļǡҲȰϽ⡣
ڵͷã޽ȥɣ
ǣֿһ۷ףĵǷϵŮ֮ǰүⶣ׿һЩ˵ϻ۹ˣǿϹæġ
֮Աǣһ˫ʮĸܶټʶԼʵЩһ
ĿлƣŵվڷߣһԲΪүıߡһλԱҲɷ򣬵
˵л¼ڻ¡ԭӦͦбµģбˣǱӲģ

뿪лһֱŷףɡ˳ߡ
ͣ½ŲԴ޽ͷұƥΪǵƷˡ
æԸӣȥлǧٱһߡ
Ҫ֪ԭûлͷѯʡ
ֱߣڼʻλϣӭ߹æ³վһԡ
ײЩԾҿıرѹĽ֮ǰͣŹֲ԰׵صĽƼһ°ͼ⡣
ŲԴӷʶûصʵ֫嶯мС
ߵǰʱûϳָ·һ׼ؾ֮ȥ¡ڼϸݸ岻ڽ綪ûм
˵ʱ°΢գƺ˱촽
Ŀһ̧ȥĶҡȥץƵĶҡ
Ťȴס°ͣʹ죺㣡
Ŀһ죬ҵǲ͵ģ
ҡ˷һۣ̾Ϣԩ·խ
㣡ɿ֣ȵҵĶ
εЦСǿֵǣȻתˡ
˭ˣ֮ںһ˴궼ûҵ֪֪ǿжҪ
֪ҡҡͷǺֻ֪ҪĶôҡССǾԼãлǧһԼ书ţ
㡭Ҫιȥ
ײã屾ǸװûвôŵĵУ⣬⡣ֽͣĸģСа취һæ㽫
Ĭֽ̧ñѹͣԿɣǳ˵ǰͷҲ֤һһ
ˣҲ֪ף顣
նʧǰ꣬Ȼ˵Ȱνͱ
˳עֱƷǳǰأ
һѣ»бϻһž࣬־Ȼ಻ô
Ҳͦ֮ǰĶࡣ
䣬ƺ͵һ˦ޣٿؼۣ˶˦ҡ¡

һ˴ӼúźӰ˳£лͣÿһӰֹλá
ִԼҴ塣
ʱѾͣˡ
ԼҴλڼúβˣҲĿǰΪֹӰֵĵط
ʯʬĵص㣬Ϊ׼Ůĳ
ԶױƿֻǰӱȫֳֹũߵĴΧǴżļٱ
Ѿȵˣִ˫ӳеĴͼ˿ĭĴ峤
Դ峤϶˹ٸǮں˵˵ӰôŮ
ɽΪʲôһŮѵֻûԣ
ǣ˵Ҳǰ
Դ峤Ҫ˵汲׼ĶŮʱ׼Ӣӣ
ͷ汲׼Ůǻڴﵱ񣬴ûһλү⻹˵һֱ׼˰
Դ峤
ǣüλ˵ѵģ

ͣ·ߣ˳ҪѺΪʯʬ
ش⣺û飬ȷǱסӵµϢϵָӡΪˣֻȶһ±ܲ˭ףѵǡ
ķһֿۣǰ
Ҳδ̫ᣬŻʮ꣬һ壬ģ
һˣʱҲǲķӦ֪ǰϸԼϽ¼֮ǰݸɰ
΢΢ףСˡ
ԭҲδɣһжţǸ̾ˡ
ʣʯбݿҧĺۼ
룺ʵҧǡӰһ̵ͷֽ˳ݹεεĿȫǣɼڼ
̽ȥֱ˿̲ʶΪΪһ治СǺ֡
ǵسлȥںʹվںӱ졣
벻Զǲʵ̫󣬸ʲô
Ҳȥӱߡ߹ȥ˲
һùӴ˲ٵȥȫӶμˣͬʱɱţʼղһ㶯úֲ뺣Ƕѵƾʧˣ
лȥżһЩС£ں浴һȦȦͶʲô⣿
磺ɱļѼ
лҡͷɱĿ²УһǶͺһƫóԸ⡣
ֻͺվУĲԣֻġżԣȥܾõġ
ԭ򣺡лǧǲµģ
лָźӰһ·úûκÿ쵽ϴµĸԼˣĺͯӾҲ٣ȴûгֹӰ¼ǶΨʯʬ˺ۼ˵ֻȴָ˳˵ʬ帯öȲԡ
Ѱ˼Ļͷмֵ
ʲôмֵǺелĵҴԹⶼࣺǶֻצǱˮȽϳһ㲻ϴҹ򡣡
죺Ļô򣿡
¹ƣιҩʲôģԡлŷǰʵפϽ߾СҲȥϽӦ֪ưɣ
лСʶϽȴȥϽлڵ϶˾ü꣬ҦҲǵˣԹм˽⡣
һȻģ˵Ƕ˹ģ
л߻׽㣺ףҪķѷǳѪͼĲ
˼ʲôãƫƫһ֣һںķϡ
żȻȻͺйϵ
̫ҪԡúӰݺΪλʱ
л˱ؾ·ϣ
޵Ǵ뿪ʱлͱ¶ڣƽʦ֡ߵŲҲǻزȥǣ
ֻԸʬľ򣬳ܹݺ֮⣬Իƺû̫ɱɣ
οסл
˼ȥҲһĽ͡
ͻأβɨʻλϥŵ
клһ첽ȥͬʱʹںӱ߲Ҫš
ߵߣΧտ˼ǲ춽Ӻ̽ӣԸĴǲģ
Ťͷд죺л˵ʲô
Ĵ͵ׯʬ壬ǲΪι򣿵㱻ץˣΪ岻ʣڴס죬û취úι㣬ǴӶˣŴˮ׷˳񿴵ٴ̺ҹ̽·ΪڼúѰֽסˣ
£л絶Ѿʣסӡ
ǶԹôлµĶѾ⿪ˡ
棬¶Ϊǡóǻؾ·ϡⲢԭ·ߣ·ʹ㲻ģҲ֪飬Ź⽫
պһԩ㱻лĵϣѪ
лλü׼û˵ҪѪܣѪһֻһӿҪҪ˵ʵ
ͷϵѪһڣлǧ֪Ǹˣû뵽ôݣһʲôû˵أĺ֡һ޹ģǲк޹
лЦΪ̫ʵº˵ʵ
ðɣҳϣ֪顣ԭ԰׵ΪʧѪҰףлŲҵȷ춽ˣúĴ㲻ģֻѧøʬȵȣҷģõʬҲǴ֮ͽʮ˹Ҳŵߵģ
ͷ˵ǰǵ̽зִ£ǰϸߡҲŲ˵üĿһ㣬һʵʱźȨΪơпܾͬ˻ᡣҰӣ뿴ķӦǰյȽӽǣŶָʾ󶽹ҰнӺӵҹ̽·Ϊ㡭
üͷ
л춽㽫ʲô
ʧѪ࣬ͷεҪ赹磬Ǹľ⣬ѵȻ͸óˡǲѾ֪ǶˣҼҶԹȻΪ˸лǾһ͸ǣѲ


67 
һĵ
л̫ţ ΢΢ףһǲѣ
׵ˣһ㲻ûɡ
Ϊ֪޺йأ֪ҲѾ֪
춽ɱڣ 񣿺οǶ꣬ ǣ ֻΪ˻һ飿
Ҳǲܡ˵ˣ춽Թ ϲǷ̧ԼĶ üʱʱ塣
ˣôл֮ǰ¶ˣ ޱض׵׶ӣֵԴ
лȻ벻ͨǱл ΪβֱӸǣǵùĨǵĲ֪
꣬ Ե ˵
εطʣ磬 ϼԸ»ԭ򰡣
лҲǣ ӶĵƳһۣͱҴ˺ü꣬ װʲô᣿
棺Сҵ͸ң߽ ҺݵĶǴ硣
л⻰ûʲôë
Ҳ˼лɻ֮£Ų˵Ĺϵ
޵˽⣬ ״˾ٻӱӵġ޽лʱ Ծһͷ
Ȼ Ҳѡ׿Ŀɳӡ
һ  ա
ҵѪˣʲôӴʻλţȻ˫ۿտգһҪ˵ı飬ҿʮҪʿҵϼҵˣûʲôҵҪ
˼Ƭ̣лֱֵģʱҲ©ȷſɡ
Ǽ٣Ժ֪
лյʣԼûнҩûеĻȥұϻá
У϶ûĺáϻóһƿҩ
һƿȫڲ˿ڴʹĻһ¡
лƤһҩ±ƳЦԼţ׶ֻš
ץĿ֨죬ҧгݵʣǸ˭
Ȼǰ֪˾Ͳ֣ܵȷˡ
ȻʱĺӰϼˣٱõĹٲʮ˴Ĵ
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Ƽл԰գ˵סĲĵᣬһ˿ԥ
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УͻطӦϸɲסһӱС
ǰͬ˻ϳԱТ˳̽
Ҷ˵ʦѾյ˶ţһļԺȥأҶǸӴǵˡ
лﻹỳǻɶ壬ȻǶ֤ͬ飬Ŀ΢΢
ТҲͬжؿҶۿųˡ
Ϊʲôֱ壬۲⣬˭
ײʣûɶˣ
ִصû˱Ҷ۸ɵģǸʦ֮˶ҿǶͬ˻ѵ
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Ϊ˺ִ沱ӵֶͿҩ˿Ѫ
ҡڳϣҸ꣬˵Ҹˣܲˡ
֪ûô򵥣Ӵ¿֤֮ǰȷڼϸ鰸ӣǴ

Ҷۣӱߣϸ
Ҷԭ̬ȣ΢΢ףǵģС㡣
Ŷһͷ֪˵ʲô㲻˵ˡûף˴֮䲢ûʲô𣬺İû
ŷ׺л߻ӱߣǰӭ˼ô˵
׹·ϣҶ֮غ
˵ĲǺԵ֡
Ҷļϸ֮ˣΪ̽Ҳٴ
˼˵һʱ֮Ҳˣ׼֮ȰѴɡ
ҪйƳ棬ͱ죬˸
ԭͶι⣬ԳûȤ֮󣬶һˣžͻزɣΣ
ָҲ̳ԼҴ񣬡Ҫ뿪ӱ߲

ʱ˼ȻѾҪ˵ˣżúڵŮ˴峤ӣ׼ΪƷʯŮų
Դ峤Ƕ˲ɣĻҲţһôǹٸŵİ
һ峤ôǲţ᲻öӣǷǵŪ֣ʯĹŮ
һҼǵòǰӵϷ֣ʯĹŮ֣ʯһ٣ǲǻģ

ȡ粻ͬǱۼúӰĴ˵ƽ⣬үŻᰲȫ
᲻֪׼ӣ׽׽ס֮󲻾֤ݣɱ֮ʬҲ֤ݡ
˭Ҳ֪ǴΣһ˲ٳô죿
ףϰһƲסҧ˴񡭡
ϣǼôˣôܿƲһ㣿ٴ󣬲Ҳ𣿺οֲЩ֮˾ۼڴ˵ģҪԻ׼汻ӰˣҲǻá
ǰҶԴִ֣֪Ӱ㣬η塣
޽˵ʲôȥǰǻãҲǴ󲿷ֻãȫﻹޣԼһЩһֱڷ׼ˣǸƷŮûҧ㸺𣿡
磺
̾һŮվŮˣϻҲӲ֮ʡ
ȥл̽̽ķӦϾôûãֻлʸ
Ȼлȫûִʲôվںӱߣ۾ڸܺӷ硣
ԽԽãһǷ׷Ŀܡ
ûлٿ۾ȳһ֣ܣ
ڻصѾƽףᱧһԾԶӰ
лжϣҶ۷Ӧֲ书ӣܡ
վԭأƬ̲Űγ嵶
湾ོҲʶˣ󳷱߳ȵǶˣ䱸
׾һлͷ󿴣һۿһؿڰ
Ӵ㣬ɫ壬֫צˮʱѲΪ
˰׿ⲻǧȷһֻӴ󣬻ӵͶϲ£һֲĹ
ûпʼһˣˮ׺ݵشܳʱ֮Ǽ˸ղŴĺӱߣǱʹġ
ԭΪƵģǰ¶߳ŭˣ
лױȥ·ߵԣش˰Ĺ㡣
ױι̵§ڻתͷȥʻλϵŹģ֣ͬ㲻ˣ
Ҵûϰ
̳ǱߵĴ񱬷
Ů𣿡
ʲôŮǹǹ
ʼ׷ܣվܼ˱ƵҺܱȫǼ
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磺۾
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лǰսĦŵٿƲǲģǴ򲻹صҳ˲Ȼǵɽ
˵ɽǰŸߣ˾Ͳٿشֱס
ǴҪ׵İȫǵһλ
οûҪã
ΪȻ⡮úӰүֱʣȱ¶ָ֮ʱ;ǵ˱Ҳ˵
һл
̾˵ҶۣǷǲţǾԼҰɡ
ˣ㾿Ҷʲôڣ
ȻķûҶ۵ȷͬ˻ǣԴڽΪ˽˵ĵ⡣
ȣǰβͣҺʲôڡ
֪ǿ϶йڣ棬ҲѡĽڹϡ
֮ͨĹڣ׿жһ£Ҷ۾ĸֵΡ
ТҲܵģп۵ʱ
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۾ŶʵҲ˵ˣϵĹܹͲ£˭ȥ͵壿
ҡ
л۾æҲæ͵壿
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΢΢һ
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ܽ͵ͨΪλҶۡ
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ץҶۣʹûɣҶԺҲͦңԾɱ˿Թ
ϸǱӦҲָɵģӧ
֪߻ҶйأץСӡ
Ҳ֪Сס
֮һֵֹĴһ
ҪšԵ֡һ˵ˡ
͵̧ͷƥױȿǴ򻹿־壺лˣ㻹ǲ˰Ҽ仰ܲ³ôࣿ
־ضлһĲẦ𣿡
л˵°ٰлӵʱ춼¡뼥ʲôϵ
лû˵ߴӴŲתͷһۣӶתΪͣ㻹Ǹĵ
ʱ̰꣬ͼŮɫ
佱ҲϣΪڵһ¡ʧѪſϣʮ꣬ճʦǱ빬ȥʮηλʧٵĳ
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ұʱҵҶûȥʬ޷޲ƽ͵ĸ壬Ҳѹһ£˵ǲǺܹƽ


68 
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ùƽСȥЩ޴⣬ лˣҲ֮ǰƣеİο
Ħ壬Ĭ ȼ䱧Թ ڳһСģ ߿࣬ζӳ¡
ץʮǰ ȫ̽ʮǰǰҲ˵ ηﱻĥ˲ꡣ
ʮηǴǰηӰ˾εĲп̶Ȳ¡
벻׵ǣΪβ
ͷûлش
лȴ⣺Ϊ ¶ûйϵ
֪Ҫ֮ĴС㣬ʹСŮ һȡ
ֻΪȷ飬Żᱻץ
л ߵ·ϻ˳پһ
ҲûбҪ˵ ϾлҲ䲻Ұģ ˺Ľ׶Ρ
Һ׵ʱ ͶɹǸ׶Ρ
ûзл лˣٻ ˵ҴӺһġ
֮÷Ҳװ֪ 
Ϊԥ
л˵ȴӦɣԭһ˵顣˵˵ Լ
׽ ʱϾ˼̫ࣺ óˡ
ͼĹٱѾǴͣ ۳žͿ춥ס
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лӦųǰ˼ֹջӣȻ˻У絶ɲʺϴ㡣
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ΪһøлЦһᵶУбŲں֪ԷʲôˣԼҲҪСĵ㣬롣
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˵ˣԾʮɡ
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ͬϰ֮ˣлһ֣֪ԼǰĲ²ȫǴģЩŲģ˹Ȼı

лȥˣֻиˣﲻģҶ۵ǹȥǱߡ
ղ˶Ӵ;ס˭Ҳû˵һڣҶղŶл
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׿ǶĵʲôˣıӦǵģ֪춽֮Ĺϵ춽Ҳͦߡ
ΣգԼҪٽӻˣȻָľ仰˵ĲףˣŮ˸ˡ
ǡøо˿תͷȥҶһǰһ߹
һļʻλϣԼĶñѹ͡
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Ͳ˰ɡѵñһΣһᣬȣġ
׿˿ģ㶼öǿա
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ױԴһᣬβǡƳ˼̨
ԭȺɢ֮ȵķּ̳ϵһľӣæץ㣬ԭΪƷŮȻ档
뺰ȥȻŮ̫Ծһԡ
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ֻһ̣֪Լ¶ˣˣ
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ΪлʵڱТ˼Ƹˣһ͡ʮ塱ĽѵѾĹ裬Ⱳӵ־ĺ¶ȫøˡ


69 
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ԭ޼ƿʩ ŵĻʧɫҧסָͻһĻ㶡
Ѵ׼ȥ̨״ͣ˽Ų ȵˣ
ҡҡͷ Ȼлƴȥ Ὣϼ̳
ǲȥˡ
΢ܶϽˡ
סһЩЦ Լðͷƣ ΪһЩֵֹͷ˹ȥ
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ײŸҪɿ ˰亹֪ԼѾ¶ץһһ Żᳯ֡
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ŮΪβӣ Ůءһ߿ţӡ
Ư Ҫ׼ Ǳװ ǰʱдרΪӳɡ
˿ٶΣ һӱ𣬳лӳһҶ״ưȥ㣡
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ĹĵƳҾʣǴκı׳˵ҵֻԸ⣬ҴɽϼĸõĶʬ壬δˣˣŶúӰ֣죿˴ģֲңҷʲô
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꿴һлֱĥҵ㣬˵书ôߣҵİȫȥˣ
ͦݡѹѹñܣڷС˵صҲһɴˡ
ĵ㲻ǳҶģлɹˣ
Ҷǰһҿ֡
ЦѽҵǱİ
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죬ϷʵСҵǲǺƯ
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ȻңôԼĵءЦʵǰɣԱɵġ
Ҷ۳ӵķߣȥ
ʶȺ׺Ҹһ𡣡
׿ᣬ֪ԱԴ峤ĶӣǱߥŸɵģСС۶١
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ȴװûֻйûúӣ˼úӰղŹæġץˣٻؽӾͺáʣµıǼͼϸ飬Ҳˡ
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ΪȻߡ
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лǣΪĹõ־ˣǧҪ̫ࡣԭΪ֪飬Ϊ֮ҶۣҶǻ˵ȷûκεǣ񻻳һŮҲҪ򶽹¶һ顣
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ԥƬ̣ߣһұһԵˣ˼ġ
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׳ЦЦ֪ǷТȥģһ¡
ļûа취ҲҽҶΪѵȥʦС
Ҳȥϧʱ̫ȥƵصǱʮජˣǹȥǷǡ

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Ҷǻ泯ӱ߲ע⣬ȴлǱʹȥҶۡ
ԭһﲻֻǸ޳Сһ̫ࡣ
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ʣ֪˵Ĵʱ
Тһǰһ뿪ĻɿڣҲǲʱ䵽
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׵ͷҲú־ֺ㻹ǻؾǣ
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ǺһЦ˵аŲһȥְʱشͼڱϻ˵
ҲֻԺ룬һֶ˵ڡ

պİʱ֣ɿڡ
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ԭأָʹԴˣĪ˵ģڸųɣ
׺лһۣ֪ǷТĴҪˣʵָʹϽġ


70 
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ԻλϽϾֻϵϽʵȨ˾߬š
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·İǺ ˽̸š
Ȼ˵ģ ȻҪȴȵֻһϮװǰһ棬 β˻һ
лųӣȻ񱳺󿴵ѣ
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͵һ۷ף ûдϿʲôı顣
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Сл˱ӻȡֳ˱˳
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71 
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72 
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ȡһڣ ǰ̯ƽһ㣬 Ⱥҽ쳯С
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׵ͷȥƹۣ ȥ
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ڶ챻棬װס뷨Ҳȥأ˵˭뼸ѾһۣѣҲǵѰɣ
лȻãһ
ֱЦʲôһģǰ⣬㻹ʲôأ
ǰ͡ڡʣл˵̹ˡ
ϱȥŵîı־һжûƵġ
˵Բ滮ؾֻɵ塣
ӱſʼ֮࣬ҲһЩʧ䡣
һֱںԼмＸء
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ӥһţ￴ýȥεصæȥĪҪһֱҡ
лŶҲҸİ춼ˣû¶һڹٳ϶һٵһϱϴϴ۾ˣ
ף
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Թû꣬Ϊϸø´ûȥô
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ԭӲֻ̫ȥȽĵطϸص֪ˡ
𡣡лϽס֣ëȻһ㣬ȻҺ¡
ײѣһǣǲ֪ô
лٴ׽ס֣Լϣ˫һס뱧һһˣڵóѡ
ײճͷ̫ţĲ롣
ֲλòԣŤָϽ͡
лܵĲܰķŻضȥ֪Ҫ졣
ͺá׻Щ˵ڣһɣҲ̱ҲԼá
ԹлҿҹȷʵЩˣҲôһСʱˡ
ҲܹûľԿأڶ߲ɤһ궼Ҫûˣû趼
֪뵽ʲô̾
ôˣ
ûʲô
û׷û˯ɻһЩˡ
л۾Ľҡѣ˰ڵʱٱ۾ɵıͭ廹󣬲ź˵仰תͷ˯ţ
˭㻳ôůһůҾ׷㲻֪ײŲϲۣӳţ˵㷳Ϊֹ
лֱס˺޻ֻܻ˸˯
׾ѣһֱ˯ˣűȥš

պϡ
ȷδ붬ǾѾƮѩѡ
һͣ˷븮ţġ
׺л˷ţ䣬İȹʵŴñë硣
ױݵάһʧı׼
Ϊɺױʱлһֱվһ
˺Ժţһƣʻλž
ָ߶ҵñܣлϣӵģһǲϰߡ
л߹ȥǸϳ˵㲻ģ
ˣǣ棬Ҿġ
˳ȥ
׸ųʣ
º˵Ͻߣɩ㲻壬Ҷ˵˲Ҫ
û˵ĵ˵ɣǾ仰ָĻҿɸ㣬ҶˣҺͰдЩ粻СĺĪ
һҶ۾ںһ׻лҪͣҸʲô磬˭磿˲ǱռˣⱲҲȥˣڱƨɺ˲𣿡
ף
Ȱ˵Ļϣǲʡ
ЦҶ۸ûܣݣܼ޸һãſǵĲҵճ
ʣΪԼͰûܣŲ˵
˼ǰ󣬻ûʳڡ
ִߡ
Ƚȥͨһڰϣеһһ
Ժӻһˣлǧлˣ롣
лŷǰߡ
ںͷ˼ָ֮ͻȻһϸƵƬİлȥ
Ÿжлתȥ⡣
㿪лȭٹȽӷ߱ƿ
ԭŵˣ໥ۻ֮䣬ͨ˴Ӧþߵİƽʦ֡
ӻ뿪ʱлŻ˵ؾ֮䡣
лǧˣƵֱۼšѾʣʹȭЦϴܹƬΪ⣬ְڣʼȫעȫԸ
ҲԷƱлϴεĳ̹ˣӰı£ǰ

㣬ٴվϡ
Լϵĵ̣лǧµĲ书ߣݣҺǸˣ־ڣ򡭡
˰ɣ̫ὲˣʵ˵лǧ
ԭ㲻лԸ񣬾·ˡ
˽ֻ֮˵л治һˣΪӢš
΢΢ȥһ·ദΪǢͦͶģ
ֻǡ
ͷ£ΪлǧмֽŮϣȴڸԵԭ򣬲òⷽϧͬǣʵĸԸȴǱΡ
æףұ⡣
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ꡣ
̾´Ҵң̼ǵõҳŵ㣬ʮΪڣȥ⣬ʣ֪꣬Ǻ뷨
ʲô뷨֪ôܣߵõ
˵ǸˣʶĶ˶ԣҲԡԼˡԡ
νʮΪڣҲֻǸһ̨£Ǹѱްˡ
ǻʮ꣬ٲ£ﻹ
˳ص¼Ѿˣж޶ۣŻټ಻ȥ
˵Ż⴫Ƶлǧ򸾵ˡ
һ
ƿţůͣһ
ſվŵŮǰˡ
׽罻Ÿлڡż֮ʱʮֵľ
׻ûзТƣҲǸļ֮ˣ͡
ں󣬼һţ͵һμ࣬ȻһԱɵװ硣
лŸźȥİ
ʽƣ֮ǰлǧˣ
лĵЦϴ°߷׵ȴƳǸ
֮ǰǧҪ°˵¶
ģ֪׵ݣǸǵӣڽ˵ǰȵл游¶ϴζָ㡣
Ц̸ָϣ޷ǴɱȮӣңְȮڳж֣лǧһѵ
Ȯӡ֣׺л㡣
̯̯⧲
ᵽʱǴ
ջؾһʱףḸ׶꣬Ҫ׿ڵǸ
ȴܾƵա
Ĵ˵ҪʲôҪ¶ܻ鵽һߡ
ǣ⵽˾ܾЩ֡
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׼ǲ˵ģǲˡ
棬ɫƵڡ
Ƽڹ⾰˲ʱſڣһʱҲǣҲǡ
һģ֪ġ
ٿϲڵЦ⣬뿴ԼӵЦ
òйʻıˣ֮Ҳδ̫ûأͣ
޺ָ̬ܿ׹ûתл֣лǧлˣ
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Ƿ׵֧˫ɫľܽأû͡
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Ȼ޽Ҳ˼ë磬䲻ʵȴǡõס°ࡣ
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˵ڰ¡
лƼͷһ㱡˳˵ѡ
ɶ񣬿϶дĲʲôû
ɣҲȾ˷纮лڳһ°ҿ˵̬ȣױȭ鷳̿𡣡
㣬Ѳѡ


76 
̸ף
Ѿˣ ƤһаţϽ̽ȥקקлĿţϽ¡
ʲô ǲǸ Ҳˡ
лţ ֳϷֲ
һ̸¶ܿǣ ˵ ס
лֻܿף
Ŀеޣ֮岻ʣ
ٸһ硣
˿飬 ΢΢ףڽϴˣЩӦϺ
Ȼˣ ֻ÷Ըˣȥů¯лǧߡ
лҪ лǧȻҲˣ Ϊλ
л˵ ̷Ľƽ˵ ȥｫǼõȡ øлǧ
ֺлͣҳųᱸһ滻 Էʱ֮衣лǧĪҪ òʵѣȫõġ
лƳһۣҴ֮ ˻
޴󷽵Ȼлǧ
лҲ󷽽ܣǶл
һϰ֮ˣ ȶ͵ס һ ׬һ磬õ¶
ԺȺů¯ˣë׵Ҳȡˡ
ǧˡƽ齩Ӳȥ
л˵ϣϵĿʽӽëëߣӺݻһͼֵơ
лʵ˳ִӹץһƻҧһڡ
˱裬ָЩ΢΢ס
ȥ̽лĴȡ
лòŤͷڨڨһЦ˵ƣ׬һ磬ʡǮˡ
Ҫһѧˣֳ֪ԣһѶ˵ҲƵġ
õúܣβǰɣ
ĥĥ֣Ҫ֮ݺһץ
ϲ׼ķӦ
׵ףһԲҲûʲôõı顣
׿ڴƳĬ֪ټǣкηԸ
ŵҪлλȮӵľ֮
ȮӶ֣££üʲô
׵Ѿ͹лˣ
ױĬԼ˵ǡúӰһ¡
΢΢ҡͷԭĸࡣ
ǰ벽µĴ¸˷ҶһΪѵΪлǧһ׮ֻͣΪһ㡣
׵ʼûջȥƽʱദʱ̬ǽȻͬ
оݣԴ׵һǹϵϽˡ
׽Ļ˼˵Ҷ۵˶ͬ˻ѵлȴͬ˻Ტѵѽɢֵ꣬µͬ˻ᣬֻǴͬ˻Űˣ
Ӧǡ
֪ģȴûʣ˵һֱ֪һΨͼڣ׼ķǻѦڸظϡ
üͷ𣬻ѦĹ
Ĺ٣ָϲǹٻ¹壬Ѧ飬ǻݼĴˡ
ѦѾͺظϵŮף׾ͻ顣
ظѸߣˣһˣڸ󽫻ճһλá
ļпܾѦ顣
׶ǣһὫѦ֣߳øޡ
Է׿Щӣ޾ڸ󣬵̫ᣬ빦ûܹҪڵʦ֮λϼС
ֵ룬ҴδɹһھڴӲɽ¶ˮαװ̫á
׽ӻǡ
׵ǰһԺ顣
ʢԺ
ТŸ߹׻ܹ̣ΪʢԺ׮ĪеĲҰ
ЦϢȻͨ㸸׸ģǸ˲õҵ֪֮ͬ˻ô£һʱǧͬ˻ᣬ㸸ҲзݰɣӦûָʹͼαɣԼ
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лǧĪţǶǶǰϻˣް㲻ʲôܡָޣܡ
޵ͷȲ裬ȵĸ꣬Ȳ͸˲źȡ
ˣ׼ͷʽס
Բ׼ȷͨ׺׷ТԼТס
ҲЩ֪ҸûΪô˲ã֪үҲʢԺͬꡣ
ҵúܣЩӵܵĹ΢鲻ʮο븵벢ûмͬ꣬˵빬֮Ҳûκν
׻֮ԼǵǵɽȺ֮ʱһҲдɽۣǹһԭҲᱻãǹܾͶԺļ¼ĨȥûãѡΪӹһ٣ҲӴ˸;
ĵԭˡ
ƺȣ׻˸ˣԭ£ͲҲ˳˰ϣ˵䷸֮ԣڴκүʱ򻹲Щ¹ٵġ
۵ͬηǿȨ˵ͷӦҲǸĻ֮ˣ治¹١
ϾκĻ¹٣ŵĶӰ˵ʵȨ
ָ棬ĿЩٸһ£ѦǰҲԺѧɽ£˳ӵһдֽ֮ԣġڶ꿼˸׵ģ˺Ժݷ꣬һ·̸ڡҴȨʱѾ׶ˡ
׷Ӧ׶Ѧ黹ԭ򣺡˼ǣѦүп໥᣿
׵Ҳ
ˣѦ򣬴̫ݣλõľٶԡ
̧֣⣬Ӱȡ˼ӣȥǰ
׵ܴͬ˻ţôɱ֣Ҳ㸸֮ӦʲôڡҶԸ֪֮٣Щùȥ㸸ףѦһЩ֤һ飬ָܽǣ
׿ǰЩӣ̽ʣҸȥѦ飬ǲóҰΪһֱڱ˵ģҸף
׳ϣ֮ѰϵĿɽʡЩ˼ɡ
׵ͷһ˲ɱΪЩΪˡ
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üͷ濴
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ƺߣԥŸ˿ڣף˻˵ȷ
ΥġסĿ΢ǵЦҲֿ֣һɺܾˣЩڹУҾ˵ƺһԴȥ˼ϸǰ¶ģܶ
ʣĺĶ
ǰĺĶأǱѦЩ˺ˣָٵģٽӰƵλ븵빴ᣬǱĳطı£Ż
׵Ц⣬һ治֪ҲǴ˷úӰ󣬲ȷǸүðƻΪͻ״ľٴ룬ȫʶĺҪ֪빬ʱŸճǿġ
Ӧ׵ĻǶԵġ
Ҳûɱżȥ
Ϊ֮ԣȥ˼ϸ֮ʼޣżᡰѳֲס
޵үŮˡ
ѳֲסżظү
ָʮ೹飬ԭôΪ֮ڸ·ҲлǧһݣΣ
Ⱥ¶ܾܾɻ󣺡Ϊβֱ֪Ҹ̸
ЦȻим˸̸Ȼ㸸໥֪̽Ҫ˵õķϻ
˵Щܲˣ˽Ӵ򿪡
׿շ졢˼еޣ滵ˡ
ֱҡͷСƽػôԸ飬һԣʲôء
Ҳʼ棬°ϵдʲôǵŲš
Ǹʣ˿Ҳȵ˼·硣
Ϊ׵лö˶˵ģһ˵¶飬ٺϺ޲
һ߰ѥһӣů¯Ͽ˵ݸ׳ԡ
ײӣôôˡ
ӣӲͣޣоҲûл㵽ȥ


77 
ԭˣ
л ȴ⣺ѵҵѥɾ
֮ǰ⣬ҲѥſҰζûԵͦġ
׵Ȼ֪ĵܸɾ ˵ѥ ȴǰСϵģ ʡ
û¶͵óһһ Ҫɾ
Ϊβԣлʣ ֮ǰǻɺ˵Կ棿
ǵƷ¯Ͽ׵ء
ҵ˵棬 õųԣĿǰ˺
˽ ׸о޳һۡ
ȥ޿ܻ赹
õʦ Ʈѩѵ ȥǻЦˡ
Ҳסˡ
Ƴ棬 Ҫվ
лߣ æȥ һƳ˻ȥ
¶̸Ĳˣ ʱ
Ժ񣺡֮ԣ ͻȥתҸҲ֪Ҹʱ뿪˾ǣ֮Ϊ裬 Ǻ뷨 ʵڲö֪ ׳ŵʲô
׵лֻת𼴿ɡ
׵Ȼˣ Ҫ·ԸǷ򸾱ȸˡ
ԭм仰ģԼҲȵķ˲˵˵ͷҾ
յʹɫͿͣ岻ʣͲԶˡ
׻ʾлϽվ
лûˣСޣû뵽һС̵ͦġѥջȥϵӳȭǡ
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ǰ֮ȥδ¾Ϳʼ󣬲Ȼӣ㿴ôʰ㡣
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װ㿴ǸãۿԼ㻹ܸĲɣ
˵û濴ʲôл°ܽܿŭˡ
ԽţлԽǻȥ롣Լ뵽֮ȫһ顣
оδڣһͨúܡ
ʵǿɶˣл޺޽ȥ䡣ֱ۸Ҫ£һţˣѵȥ
㶣ģȴ˰Ǹϳˡ
л˳ᡣ
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Ц´˯
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лã˵ʲô
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ٺһЦлָôִͷֱӸ䣬˼ɣӦ
ţлϵֱ۽˽תͷףȻ֪ɡ͡ȥ̫
Ҳµĸ⣺ǱδĴʣһλȥ˲ë֮أλ֪Ԣһ·벻˵ġ
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лü˭
ڰ֣Ҳգ֮бףֻ·һ
⻰˵ģ֮ǰͬ˻ᣬʵ棬˲³˷Тͬ˻йأ·
׵޷ģҸ֪ʮජҶۣ˵û⡣
˿Ǿͺá
лοҲصģⰸҲǴ֣ȣϸϳ˭ܸʹʲôӣ
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žⳡѩ˼ȷʵЩԶûأ̱ʵ
лױһ㣺ûɣҴȥ㱱һ䣬ɱһӱơƭ㣬Ѫڰѩŵĳѩѹ֦ͷĺ÷ÿˡ
֤ӡ̣ٿѩȻ
ɷ羰
а˼Ҳûˡ

ϣڰ֮󣬿°ϵ֣Ѱζ뷨˵һԣ¡㷽ŵľٶҾȻڻ
޳ĬĵٷҲҪʱ䣬ֲϵĳ˵ĨȥĨȥ
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˷ڷϳ˿ͷ»ؿ»Կͷ
ס޲Լ˽£Ҷǰ֪Լ޴вֻΪǸ
ֹǺТԸꡣ
ο˵ҲҪһ£ҵһʱϣ⼸侲ΪһֱִԲ򡣡
ü
̧ͷ⼸һЩΪ࣬Ȼҹͬйڸ֮ʣҲλѴֻϣȲʱܲȡΪº͵ķʽ
ױ˵ˣҲգ֪㿴ҵĳЩֶΣⲻѡ˺ͷТǽôлǧ˽⣬һɵ磬ܸϲ˰ɣ
޲𣺡ΪТͬ⣬̫ܿǸһӡһڸ󣬵ͬѳֳ
Тֻ˽ΪˣͲֹǡ׵ʵڲģҾ֪ڸվȽŸһλ

β÷Тţһ£׸ȨþӸλ˾ӡԸ
΢΢Цʵڸ˼ˣ֮ĸ׹ɽˮ԰һֱ˼
òʣĪ˵ңĸڻ᲻ⷬ
ӡƶ̲סԡ
޴ףʧԡ
״ϵЦȻʧĬ죺ȻȥɣЩˡ

ص븮Ժ󣬷׽лȥҷТǼӽת׵Ľס
Щ߰ĳлתãҲֻ֪Ŷޣס
׾ҡײȥ
аɡл¥ա
⸸ŮмͦΪѣҲԲȥȰŷ׽ܷТ
Ȼȥ䣬ŷТҲûѣϰԵȥ鰸
ɺһµĴѣͷʢˮԼһԵСġ
һ񵥣С㣬Щȫǽյġ
ƿѸǣӿײ˲Ƴһ񵥣ǲ١
Щ͸ֻݽҡʱСЩٺôĹԱҲһݡ
òи񵥳
겻һʧʮ̽ɸ׻ˣһ𾪳Ұ䡱֮
ҲˣԭֻǴһССĴƷ˾ֱһԾΪӰ˾ǧ٣˵Ϊ̣ǰ;
ڵŮĹԱ壬һ붼Ů
ֻˣؾ⼸գʮòϵġѡ׷ԼźȲ迴Ϸ
˭˵ءɺԱһȥյ壬֪꣬ģΪ뾩ʮ꣬ղŻġ
Ҩˮڴϴ˴ԽЩˣԽᰢĺá
δΪҵԶչͷ
ϡϿ˳磵֣䴽ǡͷ沣ù⣬ҲȤ
Ȼ¿Ц⡰л̡˭Ȼһ絶
̡и׵˼ѵл
԰絶лﻹ絶
Ƽˣָ֣ɺȥơ
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˵֪᲻л絶ã϶
ʣ֮ʲôģ
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С㡭һŮҴ⣬ܼյŶ˵˴ûˣѾߵſڡȥ߼ү¥֮ǰ̺˶ˣκ˿ 
ü絶ӻϻᲽߡ
ɺϽȡ磬첽ǰϡ
⣬͸¥ɢٹ⣬ƼѩԽԽܡ
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ȸҪ˻ȥõʲô
һ£ɫѿˣʲôôԼˣ
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֪ҵ˼׵롭⼸ţӦûȥȲԼܻ
ԭˣ
˵ϸӣԼôῴ㣿
Щֻ룬˵ڡ
ĸԹߣȴһصģĸ飬СǮܹϵϢȥã˵ҪһӾͻԺҴԭ
££磺֪ƲңΪûңһĶϣû취Ŀ꣬ΨһĿꡣ
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ȿСҸĸɪֳƱлĽɽһκԵһԭ󼰵ɷ˵һʲôģһĸ﷨ƣụ̂֡սҵһ̿ʼⳡԭΪĽףδһ
Ҫ
׹ִˣ͸ҲҪӡ
ȣÿǻģαôི
סˡ

״ʣ˼ɣӦҼǵ
ѣС˼ɣ̷ָ˵û㶮


78 
ĸ飮
ȲŽŵ˳ ˷֣ʾŮسɡ
ſھʮͣȴֻһ Ҳûģ
ˡܼӭš
̨ʱ Ҳͣ˲ӣ ΢΢̧ͷӷ븮̽Ҷ
׸³Ѱ˼ǲǴΪ һĻ ͷһ⣬֪ġ
˿Ƿ븮Ůˣ ʱͲˣ ŻҶд
׼Լ飬Щζӳ¡
׷ȥ
Ѿż ͷ˵ʲô
˫ȹӴ󲽿̨ף δڣ Ȱ ëëӣ һҹ㣿
ߣֹǲŮѾˣ Ȼˡ
Ҷ죬 ضҪѵһͨս˼ϣ ֻ˵аٰ㲻ǣ Ϊ˸ʵɷ Ѿͷϲ лСɽأǡܹ㡣潫ȥӧ֮ңĸԣ类ɨسš
˵֪ԷТЩ
ӦǷТѺϽؾ·ϣ˾ȵ־֪׼
Тһˣϲұ˵˵ͣٳ֣ʡʱʡ
ĸڵ֪һеѡӦҲһʱ
¥ײٶԣۺߡ

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ТЦٶ࣬޷Ҳһص㡣
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ТֹϣҿԳΪ޵ıʿڸʩ
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жл첽ߵߣƿСȣɫһϳڶɴվŵķס
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Цһ߾̨̤ף¥ֱ㽫Ÿˡ
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лʣȰû֮ǰҲ˴кƶһ׼ҲûС
׷ʣΪҪȰѵǻ𣿡
תȥϰڶɴлס߰Ͻ취
˦ɫ㾿վһߣô壬ǺˣҲ룬һȥɣ
ȱաлסѹֽ䲻ɳվԶϢҲ㡣ݣǾԶˡ
˽׶Խȵĸ飬Թ
Ҳ֪ôǿӲĵҲһԲôһΡ
⻰˵Ը񣬿ܻʵ䷴
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Ĭ˻˵Ī˵ûǸӰʹУҲͨ£ֻģ΢

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ТȻ鰸̧֮ǰڰʱѼûİ֮С
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ҲǾɥֱ½ʷһھݲſʼ֮һʤһա
ȵһ֮˵ȥĮΪ½ʷҶӣʵͷԼҲͷҡ
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Щ·Т֮ǰѾ֪ˣ׿˵ǲͬĸܡ
뿪ڣȴ֪˵ʲôκεǸĻԵĿͷȣԵü԰ס
ʼȶ˵ĴĪ˵ᣬʶûУ·ֻڳʴӣ˿ʵ̬
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˽ˣȴѿ͸
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ΪһǰǵɫʹպޣȻĻôһ㽣Ϊٻб仯
Т֮ͣѡҪǡ
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Т
һҲûб䣬Ǵǰӡ
Ļ㽶ȹʮֻ꣬⼸죬ȵĳ͸ˡ
鰸϶ֽһŵݹȥ飬дɡ
Тֽûж
ȵϽд꣬üӣĲҪ˷ʱˣЩùСŮϹͷŽ֮ǣҾͱ
Тӵ֣ǽ߬ķס
ֱӽǱӳˣֽƽȡպī УôѾΪķ˰ѵҪһӲ𣿡


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ТȵѿԵĲ˵ ûȥ㣬񼫣ʵԩŽСκ㿴ô룬 ᲻ͬҵ
磺ԭǸͭζ̻Ů ޳Ǹûи֣ 䲻Ƿŵڣдɡ
ТǺҲ˼ ֻǡ
ԽԽͣ ĸĲˣ Ҳˡ
Ŀǰľ
ʱ֮ʱݼŵĻᣬ ĴСʱкܷܶ࣬Ź Ҳ㵽
վôӯӯң ˡ
ܶԽʲôŵ˵ڣ Ҳƭġ
Тˣ Ҳ˱ʡȴٳٲʡ
պīıʼ⣬ Ůܲܡ
һδǰ뿪ʱ 𣿡
ТѾʣѪɫҲ˵ˣ һֲȴһٴ
ȣҪֲ
Т߬˱ʣã д
£ ʼֽϡ
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֪ΪĨ󣬻ͬ˵ȳĬ죬Ӧд飬ǹʳԣһдã͹˱ĳҥһЩۣ㲻Ҫҡ
Тá
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һˡ
ͣ½ŲȴûתͷòƵԲҹ㡣
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⻰˵ķТġ
̤ϰڶС׷Ӧ
ߡСֻˣлĸŮ뿪תҪ¥ȥȴТҲſڡ
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µļʮ̣Ҳһת㣬⼸Լʱ䣬üƹһ̡ЩƹҴݴģһѺ֣㲻;ܷȨǡÿĩһʱˣ㲻ػ̫˼
ЩӦҲճˣãдݣٰ취
ĬĬͷŮ֪ˡ
ȳͷ΢ɲ̾˿䵭صСΣֻܸôࡣ
ѣûлѾܶˡ
Ǿʱʮױж⣬ʱԵж
ȻҲ;ǡ͹˶ϡ
ȵУһ֮ҿԹ㲻ҪԹԹԹҡԸû˱Ҹ˽⣬Ųߣ˵ϲ游ûи߹㣬ʮʱĸΣûˣҲ飬һֱĸ֮Ż游λǰݺݴһ١
¶ûүүᣬһҪԼ˸ѪĻӡ
游æڳ˽ѪƼһڹٵ룬Ҫ³ȥ·ԵĲݴ档
˻УòżȻΪΪν¥ں룬Ϊиطء
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˶٣ǳԹͷģĪĺԹĿࡣңҲù
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Тһֶŵյһַӣϵ͵ĵڵƣǡ
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һҹһֱճȡһֽպīд˺顣

罭˵ģ׽죬æźЩƹǴ򽻵
˽ھеĲҵһܾĻû˵
ӦõģΪҪܾǹִգĸﷴ̤ʵ
ĸ׻ȥݣ⹫Ҳ
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ڴκŮ˵ǱһЩ
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ݼгʱĳϾȻһˡ
ӴˣһںŮˡ
ˣҲˣһж̫
ջĿ⣬Ļ˲ڡ

Ӱʧ֮󣬷̲ס˼顣
һΣۣ˫ס˰ƴ
лܿޣһᣬ;ԼԸȥΪκ¡
§ֲ֪֮˵ʲôοԼ챿˵Щű߼ʵĻѹ
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ȻûлοĻ Ѿָƽ
ɿԭԥ£ס  һġ
лףʲô
˵̫̫ˣ ںɾȥŵʱ ϵʱȫճ㡣
᲻ҹͶ룬 ΪЩȫ
үүȥ֮Ͷܹˣ ûֱҪлҲҩ
лЩܳ ȴҲ̫ţͬʱ˵ÿһ۵С۵ģ Ҳǲڡ
̧ͷͷ ûô໰˵ һİͺã ʵƽʱҲû죬 ʱַ̫ۣļ ϢϢ ȸ裬 
˵ Ͻ죬 ó໨ݲݣ ˣȥȡ
˵׸ĿڶµûţѣͷҲҪģ¶ҵĸܣҪԼ뷨
л
Ѱ֮ǰͦԼ뷨ģҹȥ󶼶һܡ
ؼ֮ѵ˴ҹ˵Ϊˡ
ŽǧˣĻ
֪Ҳе㡮ȫҪлο϶壬һ֮ʮꡣ
׸ͷӦǡ˵йӵģҲԶҲǿ󲿷ˡŹˣıʮꣿʮܲԼܻˡ
ף
ִصҾأ
Ҳһȥ㡣
Ŷȥʲô
Ĵȥѽƾץ˵ı£ȥĺҲܰ㾾һҲʮ꣬ʮҲҶʮ֮꣬ҪҪʬ
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лĵⲻǷϻ𣺡ȻڸӰ˰
ף
лǱ˺ģҾȥȥ³ǻʵۣҲȥĻλˡȱ֮ÿ˹ɨɨĹ
üëֻÿɨɨĹ
ȻأѲǰأҿɱ˶ҷϡķĹһӣҳʲôǲȢϱˣ˾ɨĹҵһ
лͷ޷޲ƽصٲҲǿˣ֮ǰ˵Ҫˣһ춼أټޡ
ԭҪˣ˵䶼Ǵʵֱӵģ
һˣ仰ﲻ
ͣ˵⻰ǰᣬ嶯ȥǻһֻǵ;˵ûı£㣬ڡ
ˣôԵҺСһл̧˫֣סͷ֮ܶһ仰һŬϧҲŬңһԣҾŰɣֻҪж೤ãǾж೤ãԲ·ӡ
ԭƽӿ۾ٴɵġ
ֵȺ񲻴һ㣬Ժֻʣ˵ġá
áͷ
ѵлһ˵˵ʱߺȻԽԶף壿
üתͷߴԽȺҲ׼ķТ
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ײѾôˣøѵĥѾˣһ̵ֱסȥ岻
ӦԼҪ״ʱǵõϢӰ˾⼸ռռѦϢѦҲʾ׼ҪʼʷĶѦȥ㲼ʹޡ
лţҲ֪ͬ˻ľɳԱȥ񣿡
ԣŲᴩʽһİ׺ãҲһ˿һʮӡ
Ŀ뿪Ҳȥ룬ϵ֮УһĻʦʸҲ޵С

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ТĿƣЦͦæ֪үǰҲͬ˻ţԻؾ·ϣұ㿪ʼ߲ݵķйһСϾдᣬ֪Ƕ˭Һ¡
ΪҲ˾ƣδԼǸڼ顱֮⣬͵Ϊʰ˾ýСӼٰ̣֪˾վʱ㵣Ĵ˰˽֮һڳȥңˡϾݽǮӣܶ
Тüģ벻װģ˷ҼԼȵ˼ޣʮʮ죬ÿ˯һʱӶһŽΪ˻ҷˣѾҵķˡ
ۣͬͬ˻֮ΪĥλңҲ֪ķ˶پʮȥ㾹ûֻˣģһ书ȺŮлһĵʦޣҲǳҹ¡
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ٱǸ֮ǰЩ鵽¶ΪΪˣŲСĶǧ𡭡
ТȴصԭĻϣӵĳɹ
ͷȾƣⲻô鵽˻Ѧ飬ңѦ鵹֮ǰǻᵹ¸࣬һޡ
ˣѦ鲻Ҳģ˲ǡТʳָƱպպдһ֡
뿴֮΢΢ü
дˡТպպдµڶĸ
ɫԽԽѿĿ͸˼š
ǲصͦдˣТȡһϸָ밡ȥҿǱסǡҶݽϣһˡ
ТƱ͵ЩԾˮдϣˢֻʣ¼Ʋࡣ
붢̲ˮĬãѾ֪ҵĿźλͼ档ڸʵšǵĿʵͻִ˵븨󳼰ѳֳľ棬˲٣
Тҡҡͷû׼ῼǣ㲻С˼ǳϽȥļʿĳ𣬵϶˾޹ǣĳ𣬻Ů³̽ĳ𡭡ѣ֮أʵͷ֮ޡ
뵭һʮ꣬ҵ֪㻹Ǹ֮ˡ
Т죺Լ׹⣬ʹһ治Ҳǻ۰İô㲻ԼĺӣҲԣϥֻһ磬ȴӣŮСҲĸˣһȻۣ֪ȫˣܲᵽҵʱ飿
ٿˮ֪ھԼ棬öҪŮ
ȴЦ֣֪ҵΪӮôΪ֪йţȴһŷģûôݡ
Ŷ֪֪ʮ궼ȥʲôҲҶأ
ТЦ˼ǼɱĳЦȥ
ɫ࣬չ۽һɨյȫڵء
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ҴǰһֱЩȻҲ˺üȥóңˡʮûֹΪˣ˾衣
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Ѧ־ڸĻᣬҲͰˣҲǸëͷСӡ޵Щţһȭȭȫϣ
ȱ꣬Т㣬ܲס̫صĴҹûô׸ġؼŮ
Ѧ־ȿλлǧɣҪʱТˣлǧȫҵ
ТľڷڻصҲ׶֡
Ѧ־飺˶Σɱˣ첻Ǹպ뾩ˣ
㻹ûͽŮֻɱ˽Ůֻ̼˼ǰ죬ĿһŮʵԽ赶ɱˡ
Ѧ־ü˭ĵܿĹλлǧ
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ĵܰɵﲻ׻ˣķأ
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лָָţϱ˵Ӧûߣڵ˳ɻΪ͵ġ
ԭɵˣɫսֱͦ˼ʲô

֮ǰҾ;е벻ͨΪҪؾĦŽңƹǽΪܹ⣬ƫƫЩ֪ġ󣬻ȥͨĸ顣
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вţٽ彫ƭȥƹۡע⣬˽ŷ
ֱڣлԼһСˣĺˣҪץסС߲ţֻԼ


81 

лδ˵ Ҳ˸ţʣͲʱʰ㣿
⻰ߣ˲ԼСˣϱ Ϲûµˡ
˷ף ֪̾ɩҲǸˡ û뵽Լ˶ӡ
Լˡָϵ
ȴҡͷվҸף ҡ
ֻԼΪȷ飬 Ŀǰжȷġ
׽ʱҲҪҶ
ƭĻǰоݵģ õֻ̡ٴǿס İȫǵһλġ
޽ڸ󣬻л书ͣ ᣬ һʧ
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ò С㣬 ʲôʱ̣
ڷֺһС㡱 ޾ɵص 극һؼʰ̾ߡ
Ȼû뵽ô
ȴԤϵˣˣ һǸӡ
У ҵȻȥſڡվ л 磬Ȼعȥˣһٲ֪ҪãҲҪ㶫һЩ顣
ԸлղŶӹУΪ˲Լһٷ緹Ҳûԡ
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ȨͲСˣȽŲ㣬ѩ߼һˤˤô
˹ſͣŵҲ֪Ҷ׸
ڵǡТޣҪ˵ʲô
޵ɲ꣬Ϊ
Тԭأ
ǡŲߣǰԴһʾ𱰵ľ룬߱ߵǸسɣ²Ҳʮ׸޹Ҳ޹ҲĪı¡
ТһֱѦ飬Ҷ׸ʶѦ鱳ЩͻȻҪТȥѹǣάƽ⡣
Т˵ţżͷż
лûʸǰֻԶԶΡĹţһȺ쳯ĸ߹ٶ
ĽֻͦģϷƵģҪʼ̨ˡ
ͻȻ˺лǧ
һлʱԼûǺȥǸ겻ɢ⡣
װû˸䣬Ťͷؼȥˡ
ԭȥǵΣȰȰȴհסף˵лĽ
οճλãհıΪԼģ㲻Լ˭Ҳû뵽Ǹл
Ϊζôãϴҵ͵ǶլհҪ˺üضûɹҵҵǸʲôԭ򣿡
Ŀһ䣬ԭ׼ѵ̫ܵ࣬־мֶԲס˵㲻Ҫģֻǿлǧλ˲ţˡ
˵ȥ
հеıӰ⡣
׾ȻġԺĽֱ̫ͣ߳ˡ

л߻ؼҵģʱ춼Ѿˣ壬ȥš
˵ٿڣʶ˯ʱʱǰ࣬Ҳ硣
лʱԾͷŤͷһüͷ̽ʹ
żҪ壬Ӧһ¶ӵĻͦġʱˣлҲɪɪȥȱˮůһůŲ豭Թҷֳ͢Ҳ̫ˣƾʲôĹٴƷȥμӳᣬٱƷ
ЦǰھĹԱҪȥϳСʵ۵ǻ֮Ÿĵġôȥϳ
Ҿǲ̫лҪȥϳſ˯
ϳһվһʱһȥģ붼ܲˣǺ޿ȴĪͼһͷѻ𡣡
л߹ȥߣױ̨ϣֱ۵ͷᷢ
ʵͦͷģҲҪ󣬵ײӦᳶͷ
̧ͷڷʲô
ҴӶһϢл˵Ͻļľ˾ˣǴκ̸У׼һλǺõܡ
֪ǻ֮ƣʵ⡣
л˵۵Ĵ½ǲôȰѺѺ͵߾ȥ̽һ̽ϽͼͽŻȥڶֻǻ֮ƣλ̸̸Ǵκüɽͷ
׾ȣ˭Ѻͣɣ
лӦǶ㲻ˣϾץᵶץԼ
ķݣ͵ôŷס
Զŵķ׵İȫ⣬ϴӦ׵Ľˡ
Ŀǰû۳˵ʹңҲǸ͢һɸݵĴȥģȸ㣬и׼
֪ˡзТھгıײ˼̫ࡣ
˷ТŰ¶ٶӲ٣Ǽͷ
л»Ƽ·һӡһСƵģ˲õ̡
̧ͷӦ죬̽תȥκ˸ӳ
Լвɣʲô
лӻȥ˵òײȥţŷٻش˯
ָ䣺֮ǰҪ͵ˣڼϣ㿴вУǧġ
˵ǮҲʣȸ
ǮлԼˣǧ
ǰ֮֡
϶ǱƭˡлʹֺڣͲȥ򽣣Լǵһ˿ϣ˼ҪǮȥ
л첽ߵ䣬ڼӵײҵһľӣƿһô絶
̽ͷǸģһС
лѾ絶Ŀ⣺⵶ĶģȻҵĵá
͵ġоţĸ׸պûظɺ¶̫࣬Ҫˣл̣е˼
ҵлһ⣬ѵлҵļҴ絶ȥ˼˵ͰѸõģ
ԽԽǣѹͻڵ뵶ӵĵطһ̳ġ롱֡
лͫ׽һõúܣǸɱǧհģ
㶣ӸϽҳհ͵ģ
лָŵϵ֣㿴
׿ۣųһϻС֣̳ģ֣
ô֣ϴлֱҧϴհͽݵǸ˵ң˵ǣôͣ
Գл̣ͰѱҴ絶õĵ˵ӣ
׻ϸǸСǲǡ롱֣һʱ벻ͨԭ
ǷʰĹлߣڣȥſڵ첻ӣҸգ
òлðŻ񣬿첽ǰסȥſڣǴ˿Цؾһϳѿѽ
лǱȥ󶼶
⡭
һãҵӴһ٣ҪҪҽ
֪³ӾɺޣУֻܶԼպ÷ִ硣
ģ֪ҲǵһκǸ򽻵ˡ
лǰߣ˻ڤ˼˰죬ҲϽš

Тϳţǳ޵
ȥԨ˵˻ʱƷſڵ
Тȴɫصţһ㶣Сɽʲô¶
ײʣΪʲôΪлĵ
۲Тûоȵı飬͵һѵģ
㲻ҪᣬҲСɽ˵µ뷨һѽ⡣Тæͣҵֲʶ⣬½ʷҲֻͬͬƣûˣ֪֮飿
ѣѵ
˵ȥָͷ亹
ТͬɫΨһԿ϶ǣСɽ½ʷɡ
׿ţ
ТָԼСɽϪĳ඼½ʷǵĸףһһģ½ʷɹһ̫ƺ˾һ졣
лϪû֮ǰҲˣлСɽͬëû½ʷԣĮ̫ңҲ죬˳ЦŻϲߡ
˵꣬˿ؿ˵ҡ


82 
ʹë󻹻᷸Ҳס
ǾáТŮ ȲҪСɽڻû㹻ʵԸ⡣СɽȥӲƴֲκαˣٵȵȡ
͸ǻ˲һ ɱ÷һΪ˻һᡣ֮Ͻ սң ƾĶ汾¡
֪Щǡ
ТСصѾٲĸ׵ǴϽ Ӧþͻн ʱϸ¸
˼˻˵ͷ
лǲ̫ԣ ǸŮֻǲ²⣬һ֪ 塣
Тִڲһۺõֽݹȥǳⶨ
֪ǳʹϽ £֣ ӹȥ
ϣ ˴ʶ֮˳ʮࡣ
ΪʹϽ̸У һ̸£ жֵĿԣ¹ȥġ
ʶӣ ΪϽλ֪ ܴκıƽȴҲ˺ǿս׼ ǡ
ԭΪӡ û뵽˾ıʲ£ ¹ĵڶ֡
˲׵ţ һֱԡ
ûгΪ˾ӡ֮ǰͬΪʡ
ǰӡõǲ£Ϊһֺ־
Ȼǿˣȵۼݱ⣬׸ͺ˹⣬ȵۿֱͣӽǰӡǿѳˡ
ոչȥ꣬ʮڻвǰӡţԲհ׻
Ϊλǲ£װ˼⣬¾ȻԸȥϼͲ³ȥһˣ֮ʮȫ׸ˣ
ǲӧТָ΢΢Ŀ˼֮ҪСɽ
˵Ŀʲô˼²׵ĴɣơΪʮǰʱѾǶ쵱ĺݽɫˡ
ѹţ࣬һȥ߻ʵԶֻ֪Ǹʲôģ
лĶҪָӣ붼ͷʹ
ѹַТ϶һȥȥлŻûߵϽлһ̲סͰѲ¸ˡ
񣬼¿հĵ֣ͷʹˡ
Ⲣ֣ϽǱܵģȥǱں塣
˶һЩá
ʹڹ񲿿϶Ҫ˵ģɵ񲿹ɡ
Ͻκ֮ͣսЭ飬ǹȥ̸ģҲ·
ܿɹ˷˼СԱһȥѧϰаʱС
ʱԭְתתֻȥˡ
϶ʱԼҪȥģô
лʣˡ
ֽݻȥĿТ֣̲סʣ˳ţʲôҪҵô
Т΢΢һֽջӦӦСɽĵСɽǵߣֻҪסߣⲻ󡣡
ʵ˵ǰԽ˽лԽΪǽģ˭ֵ
˵ͷΣҲǴ֮ʱ׺ЩƽʱֱɵĿɰ
л򱧲ƽ㿴󣬱Ҹ˽ôоƫ
ܵײϣ췴
޷Ǿǳ嶯˵ˣôš
ΪҿҲŻᵣġȻҲֻǷδȻТûзԼлƫƫ̫ٹˣ
л׶ӣҲ֮飬֮ǰлһֱǼɱеСɽһ꣬лץ˱ֵսСɽסСȥսĲӣһһ
ЩлȻǵˣТΪʱɶԸӰ켫ΪԶ
ܱԺٴڸӰ̡
ңСɽԸż˱һ棬һƼˣָͻᱩ¶ȻΪƾʲô߾Ҫˣ
ЩТüΣÿһζľ
Ҫл޴ţЩʦѵţǿһȥ
ԥƬ̣Тฺ̫Ķڱֺ֮ţ⼸Ĵ˵ƽ˲١
ȻТҲҽŮ޸
лϪ˵лʱ΢е㶮ˡ
лΪĵĽ̵лӦҲоĿġ
󲻳лٱ壬ж౩壿
ҲȥˣЩǴǰ
ʹë󻹻᷸Ҳס

󶼶ſڣл˰ҲûȵհģԺõϢ˵հĻ˾˾
лȥ˾ȥ
б֣һҾ¥߸󴦣˫۾Ӱ
лֱϻӣųӦ÷絶Ϊλһ
ʱſϣԴǴӴ󶼶ģҪȥ˾ȥհģհôˣ
Цǳҵģ
һĹŤͷϿ˶ʮ˴Ρ
СߺһԴ˼ʲôġ
ʱиϽջĿ⣺˲ˣȾƲ¶
˵û£ܸҸʲôɫƵĺߣôˣһŭ֮ȥͶ룬常Ϊ𣿡
ԴӷТؾһֱţºͻ
û뵽̵ˣȻ뿪ǡ
˵书лҲ㣬ȥɶ˾Ըϼٻ
ܡʱдûЩаСۣͬȷʵһ㵣ȥСε鷳ϾֻǽֹȥǷТ
׵ָķƱһš
ҲҶ죬ȥӪͷТûϵԼ⡣
ʱ̫磬Ƿ߬Ӳ˲ᣬ㻹ǲ˽ֱӳ嵽븮ȥҷТˣ㲻¡ʵϲѪԣΪȨѹֱԡסˣΪ㱻ǵʴˡ
Ҳ˽ѵ˽ң⻰һվΪ᲻򸧡
ǲĸлλӣ
ס¥ǧһְԼӰ˾һֵţԴлǣһȫˡҶǲǹңרŴһһһ
лʲô£ʱĪؿСԼģҵС㶼ҪˣҪҵ¥˵ǧҲ֮ճлƾʵϡ
Ѹգ㵽ǲοҵģ˭ĵܵܣվһߣ
ʱڨڨοҲҪʵʵ˵֪дһ˳㣬ڴ·ĵ·ԽԽԶ
Լȴתˡ
ʱҲ׷ƨɺл˭书һҾõ˵˲㡣˵򲻹л֣Ҳ򲻹㡣лֲŵᡣҪ˵㲻ѰлֹС
תͷһۣΪҲ֪ʲô⣬㲻Ҵȥ˾֣
ʱкٺһЦ
ѳһ˾ȥˡ
ʱҲϽȥ

˾ڣհĻˣȴԼʲôվڴԺ﷢
ԴӹſڼлӶл벻ͨлΪλᷴ
ĿлɷĳԼΪԼĻþ
ֱֲͳ죬лǧҪס
հŷӦŭлǧʲô
ΧǾл˵һֱ۽ľϻӹȥ븱ͳ죬֮ǰұ絶𣿽пգɣ
հֽסľϻӣһ񾭲˭˵Ҫ絶
лѾγԼ絶вʿڣ̶͵ѵұȵ
հƣ㵶
ԭִ˵лǲвϴε¶æϻӴ򿪣Ȼһ絶
հϻӣ絶ȡ
εֻΪ͵ʵ֮ûС롱֣ȷһǲ׵Ʒ
һεȥӦսûл̳ȥ
հķӦʱѾƽü䣬һæˡ
лûмֻǾٵٿǱȵ
Żհ㹻ʱֵ
հĲóʹ絶ȻΪ󶼶ĶӣСֱж漰絶Ҳ⣬Ļصᵲ
ϡӣհıĻڷ飬ò˫ס
лס˼л̾ȷǱ᲻ɴݵĺõҵļҴ絶̫ˣѹҶԳл̡
һԿл̸ܵ˲ࡣ
ϧˡ
ٺõĵӣעֻǸӣл˵⻰һնȥ
հȻֻеֵķݣһ죬иձл޹絶һΣ
ϵĲڵϣѩ
հ˫۷ǿŲס
뵽ûһڵĶѴɵˡ
Χ۵ľǻãǲ֪հ絶ļֵֻÿһѡ
մſǰѣʶлնһŲ̶ס
ԭϼݺǳл˾ңǰС
ȻлһհĵĵҲƽ˼
ʱж书һϲͨῴɫƼѲǰ»䣬¶ģ֪л⿴Ƽ򵥵һжֲ
лյʣЦһת뿪ȴѡ
Ƚͣ򸧣ƣ븱ͳԼұȵ
仰ߣ·ʱʱлʹ˸ɫ
ʱл⣬תȥлָֺ̣
л߱ʣ˵ҲҪȥϽ
ʱ˷ܵĵͷ԰
֮ǰûŷ£˼úĹ㣬ڵĺüû·˭ס
лķ̾Ƕһ׸
л뿪ˣհĻڶĶϵ㶡
ֻߴӶϿȥ˵뵶ӳǸСļ޷ϵġ롱֡
ǧȷ׵Ʒ
л˵ġл̡׵ķհĲ²⣬л㲻׵˽ӡ
ҪլӣĲصȫȥ͸лл
հ߬˵ĻڱͱƣѳѪ˿
ɫͬԽԽԭǶȥǶҪߣҲΪ˼
ǸƲ

лط븮ȥԶԶվſڣٷɳ۹ȥʲô
ֿ֮ʼԼ嶯һС¶̲ס
׿϶Ϊģųſڵ
һûˣû뵽ֹ̬ȡ
ʵҲմˣŵһûִɣ
Ӹͣлǣߣȥ˾˾հĵĵⲻذɣ
û⣿
ûС
հʲôӦ
Ҵˡ
ĵ˭Ҫ£հ޹أȴлء
ȴҲȥͬհģһʲôö
̧ͷлüͷδչô̫ˣʲȥ
лҡҡͷǱŵˡ
ײ̫ף˭ŵ㣿
лû͡Ȼݣţȥ鰸£絶ϡ
Ħŵʣлд᣺û롯֮ǰһΪҵ뽫⵶ȥлҵĵˡ
лֻһ棬˽֪ΰο
ȥȡҲϣԭ㿴أǵˡ
л˼ռݣְǰµ絶һߣоö϶ǧһǧǧ㹻£ǧԼ죬ʡһǧ
ȻûߵˮƽеĲ࣬Ľȫֲܹ
ԭͻȻġ
лУ㻹ǰǮңԼȥɣ
׺ˬĴӦлȥԺԡ
ſԽʧԺТĻлСľԽԽ档
ǰҲ̴ʱΪ֪֪ˡ
ںԼ׿ڽһ֪ÿʱ顣
ʼ̽Щ£һЩȤĳлȥԺһֱֳľֻλС
лıһ׻ڵĽһŤͷַ˫۷㶣û
ջõ߻ʲô
׻عһۡ
л񣬸ܵеĪ˸
׺һתȥ
л֪ˣæȥ
ȡֽͱʣ˵һ£и嵥ԺȥϽҪʲô
л޵ʸ񣺡Ҫʲôʹʲô
Ͻʵ̫Զˡպīɺһȥչҡ
ѵչ㣿⻰лٶƷԣԲһŮ
ʱرʮֱо
еŮͻȫûӵأ͹Բô
лŬ˵λҪʱֻӣͱɺˣһϺȵģ׵㡣
ôôԣʲô˼ⶼûأѾôˣ
л˻һԼ촽ޣѻ졣


83 
ϣ
ױ˵ˣ ˴Ůŵͷʼ嵥Щʡ̫ۡ
ֲǳȥæ£ Ҫչ
⣬ Ϊ㣬 ϰˣҪر࣬ ϲЭ Ը⽫͡
㲻Ҫ룬춼ˡл˼ ƽʱۣǲϲ￴һȺ˹Ķǣ ܲ𴩣żҪǣ ۡ
̱Ȧϣ 
׼д˲ģ ʹصȻһֱ޷Ӧ ɴǹٰɡ
лָһ ĻصЩıǼ⣬æͣҲڱԹ
ҲͻȻ뷨 ˼˵˳
˵֮ ԼҲ΢΢
ҧűͷϸһĥ ҲǲԣġԭΪ˰Ҹĸ﷨ƣ ؾˣ ־޽ڸ 㹻ˡ
㹻ˣлҪĶȣ˵ϱ룬ôܽȥʵ֣˵ˣڳΪȥƴҴǹڼ£ǮҳʲôˣС𣿡
ף
ЦˣⶼĶĶ
ΪƴԸͬɣֻ˵ǡʺ
㻹ЦлֱߵĲ輸ϣ֮붼Ҫ룬ǲǹٵġ
ƹٵٺȻֻӣôҲϣ
ǹ٣һҪ٣ⲻ֮ǰ˵õģ
˰ɡײˡ
Ҳ֪Ӻʱԭ˶εĻ⣬𽥳˸Ц
ף̬Һܲϲлߵȥ̧ͷϱ
ױתϡ
лֳأ˫۽м䣬ʹֻܿԼ˵ǰŬһ˼İҳı͡
˵ΪԼлƫƫϲֽжעȫѺϵĸо
עһˮһսʹбԹҲУˣϺȥŵîʱţԲݣŲʣԽԽ񻰡
ױָĲ죬˻㶣ʳָȥĶͷұϽ˵ҸѼϼܡˣ˵ҷţԲݡҲ̫ź˰ɣ
лûж㣺ҲвҲܣ㲻԰;ϣͶҵҪ󡣴ǰôָҵģҲҪһָңȻƲҡ
Ｋˣҿ㲻вǷ򡣡
лչȥ
ֽ׶ЦˣʹšһĶ䣺Ҿû֪ôˡ

ϣڡ
Ҷƾȥů
Ҷƾеشüˣڷ˵Ҳȥǲﲻ
ܿߣ׷ĴѩǰɣҸպ˿ˮ˵ټ֮ǰյүүţ˵ҵĻ£ˡ
üˡҶƾǰһܣᣬᣬҪٺ;ЩϹˣܻԼƾţҲŲЩȢˡ
ȻҲޣЩӵܣôޣ
Ҷƾʣǰ׵ƽӣǸӵܣ
ԣһ˲ţȷѾһңһӣʱˡ
ҶƾεЦԭȲǸŮҲŮһ̶ûУܰʲô¶
ûбȡסԼҲұȽˣ겻ˣҵҲƲϺˣҼ޵ˣܱܲ
˵꣬ҶƾĬ˻ֵûŮԸȥŮ˷ɷҲһǲֻŮˣŮŮǳ㡭үүԸӲκ˵ˣ˶㲻᲻űȨû˭ɵ˼Դպ̳ʱҪô죿
򴽲
Ҷƾ޽ǣ΢΢̾ϢˣֻĵɷҲǸ˼Դɽ˼Դãܺáǽһ裬ǰһģ治Ǽٲ
ٿȻͷԡ
˵ģ֮԰źƭ׼˺б´λɹΪҲһ£
һʱÿЦˣ̲ס뽫Լִг
㣬Ҹʹ̣ȥϢˡ
ҶƾѪɫɣ˿ˮůЩʱܺʱڵġԸŮȥүҵȡ
ı֣ܾǿŶģŮϡ
û뵽Ÿ߳ůӭϺ
Դ⻹һμ
ѾͳȥˣӹƳĻԾȷһֱУɺǲǵȲѾ뿪ˡ
ĺΪûڱס
Ų̤Ժ
ү˻㶣Ͻ
ôƲֵģǰϡҶƾ߳٣Щˡ
ص岻Ҳܷ磬׼طЪȥˡ
΢΢ףҲﲻ
ʱԸо֮Ĳ
ȻһڶбµһһգϹսλһ֮ң
ǰ֪¶ɱΣֱ棬ŷ治ѷֱ档
߽ůҶƾŮǰӭү
ҼǵϴμʱǸëѾͷȻѾǸˡû̫飬֣Ұɡ
Ҷƾȥݹȥүߣ
ӹң˵ͷֵ֮ˡ

صԼס᷿Ȱˡ
˻ס߳䣬ȥбԽסСţࡣ
ƿ˴ʲô
ȥǰ˫ְס̨ϣ̽ڣûߣҸղżˡ
֪СƿӣѾ˽ңҲϾͻߡ
˿̫ˡ
һߣҲߣڿԻؾȥˡ
ţƳȻ˰벽ŷԼ̫ˡ³ȥޱ鷢Ʈ
Ҳæ˻ͦεġǸ¹٣ַ
ת뿪ĴڣȥԺĳߣͷˮ㡣
ˮѾˣˮȻεĻ
վһǶƵģСĽ㣿
ͻȻŵˣԭͻ˸
ԵĵطãǰǸЩȥס
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˵ЦһȥڵԣڳӭϽļơ
鿪ʼ½ڣ徴ĵݣȻһĺѣվ󣬵ȵǷ׺л
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徴¶һЩЦݣǰǸŰүүģôˣ
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徴ֿлڱ߾֪˶ٹлǧ¼ԹӢ۳갡
лȭڵġлʱĳˡ
УΪçײ¶ǳ徴ĵ򸾶ˣΪ׿ڵлԺ󡭡
֪лȻ¶ʱֹүүСһ·ۻˣͱôˣǽȥϢɡ
徴ÿŷ˽˾Ӫ

ߵǰŵסʱʱΧԶ·һСʿҲҪſۣǺٰġ
лҹڳȥˣʹŸæһţǡ÷¡
ҹ֮лվںǰߣŷ׶
ÿγ¶Ҫ߶죬Ѿϰ߳Ȼ
ԭǰסǧҪ⣬ǾӪͨš
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ôСģ
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лĲˣȷԼˣᱻסĵطжΣտ֪һһʱ嶯ȲԼȥô죿
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׺У㲻飬Ȼһ취
Ŷлˣνİ֣㲻ҪϹģС˼ˡ
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лûȥңΪƷٵķңɢָӣ״ݾߡ
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ʮ֮ڲڳģˮЩϼǻʱ򣬵¶ʵġ
׼Ѱһأ·и΢лǧ
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ԣӻʳæȡݹȥһЦ
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ԽԽԣǵ˵ʲô仰⣿
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ѵһࣺʲôЭ飿үͳЩĹ٣ܹϽҪλ
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Ϊȷҵݣ֪ǲֻһˣȻⱩ¶
ָ棺Ҹ֪ߡͺ֮ܲʵĺ
ʲôѱ˺òվӣϣʱҪϱҼʱ俴
Ȱ˼ɩʲôԭһϽʹŶΪʡʹд󶼶ĶհģӰ˾ָʹĶʱУбõĻ𣿡
׶ҵֱң鲻˼򵥡
ʵҲΪԵʣһֱԥҪҪϱֻܼϣڷף·ͬСɣΪУޣܰڳһЩ֤˵ҡ
δ˵꣬л߳һֱֵӰˣӸ


86 
һߣԱа
ǶĲݣ Ȼ˵ôࣿл³Է˴ߡ
׶ϡֱˣɼڲʲôȷ֤ݡ
ԭ飬˿Ǳлһˣ ʵȥĶ
л㷿 
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лȴû𣺡Լ취
֪лǸùͨˣ ˣһ Ӻ뿪
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ײ⣺һֱʲô
˵ô ¹ش󡣡лסĴߣ Խش飬Խû¾ ϣ
һֱ̫̬ȣƺеŤ
лáŤʲ̫ǡϰ֮˵˵ ħͨ׵˵һҧ ʮ¾ɡ
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Щǳû취һ˵
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лҧſӼ⣬СصҲ㣬ֻǾĹҲûдʹǱȵģֻҪϽǵĴͻΣա
лԵϵ̫ϤˣϤ߽ûϴȻҵϤȫ̸ֽ߾ӣ϶ǲ维ġ
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üʹֻһ˴żҾ죬 ҿΪæǰæ ƺͦº͵ģ ѵҾĿģ ΪԻҡ
ֵл޵װȥԻ㣿Цһ˫֣ʮָֿлǧһһֻϻˣͱʮֻϻ
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£ǰȺһ
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ԭԲŭĿĵ϶˾죬ٿĿ˱仯
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Լ⣬ʹĶͷֱð亹ҧû취˵
׼ص̨ȥƼϽŮٸʹ˸ɫ
⣬Ҫʼжˡ

䡪ͻȻһ졣
죬һ
л˵δӦлѾȥסĶ䡣˵ʱվĺȡ
춯ˣлſճһֻ֣γ絶
ͻȻȴ⣬ȴʱ
ƳѾȥʱߣֻרĻסףˣԶȺ䡣
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УϵĽʿ֪Ǿеⷢ˱ըضɽҡ䣬ûлңǿ̨ϵ徴ģȴָʾ
Ⱥ˭ͻȻһСĶЫӣ
û˭Ыӣ˷׷װεʱ㿪ʼһš
ȴڴʱ·ȺͻȻɳʮʿѾͬĹߣ̨ɱ
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ֻһ˵ÿգڸ̨ϡ
ֳһذף¹ȥ
еķָ̨
лֵվţƼˣǴɱ֮λһ֣ͲȣȻа벽࣬ò֡
徴ͬû񱣻¶һֵĲ
ԼҲû̫⣬ֻ֪һϷҪܵˣܸ֮õĵ徴ġ
ذ׳ʱ̿ͼ򵥹˼Уδȫֵ
ذϻһˣ׼ԷˣȴԼֽžȻЩʹ
ͷһ򴦵˿ھкѪð˳
ذ˾綾
Ƕ˽ȥ
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ȫһ˲ԣһ˲Ǳֻ벽Ĵ̿ȫݺݵأذ࣡
綤ײһ㣬̿ͽϣҵͷ˵һ仰
µͫǽɢ죬ȴֻ³һںѪ
ǴδжʧлǰͲò¸Ͻ徴ĺ۵Ĵ㵡
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90 
һеԴ
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ˣϣ䱻װ̿͵סֱѾӷĴȥ
Ϊʲôл µΪɱûжٲ ȫԶù Ȼģ
þӸλھǣ ն ˣ
ױòᣬס Ͻᵶֱۣȱæ̽ˣȥץ˰
ոյִӵĵڶϣ ˾ָĿ֮µУϣ ʲôԭ Ѵ̣ бضҪһˡ
лشʧְ չֻĴ
ȵǸѪȷʱ ųնпܡ
ȻûУհģ лͬ
У ̫аˡлĿɭȻȻվŲ
Բ ʽͱɱˣ аţ лʵǿ ˵ʲô뿪ףץ̿͵岻ǶͳһѵʿӲ߾ͻԾ
Ǵ̿ȷ֮Ҫѵ徴ĳסһˣ
Ǵ̿ͲĲ˾ֳֻ
徴ļΪµĽǲµĻ¹٣̿Ͱڸ̨£һʱ֮˳Ŀ
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СĶЫӣ
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˭Һ͵ظɱۣ
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ʱ䱻ŰԴ㲻Ҳһмȥ˰Ȼߣ
˿Σھ㣬㾹ȻҶ죿
ʱдĵ׸м壺㲻ҲûϵҴڣҿˡ
̫ңֱʱȺ˲ŷӦ˵Ĵѡ
ŤͷȻи۱ˣһ·׷ܳġ
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ʱѣСѾˣôȥæ
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ߣлǧʧְﶼܳסα£˵ŻлķƳһۡ
мȴл̫࣬ˡ
˴д̣ı֮˷ͬһ㣬Ǹһ׵ƣÿ˵ķӦڣûף뿪ʱ̫Զ

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лߣ㹻֧ţܻ̱ڵϣֱû
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ұ󡣡
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ҪŤͷ̨֮⣬ֶ˸ȻЩ
лɱһ֣Ͼɰǧڶףõһһȴѡ
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ԭ÷Ĳǡ
컹͸֧һϹȥָܻô졣

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ܶʿʼܣҪϸ¥ȥնɱЩ֡
ԥ£Ҳתɱ󷽣һԾǰӽΪʿնʸ
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Ҳɵרлɨλܡ
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ȴһߣץס֧
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һ˲㣬ʸƿյѣǰУȾ㹻Ծ¥ȥ׷ɱЩ֡

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üҲȥ׷һҪܻ񡣡
Ҳȥл̨ϣ׷ɽ

ҲȥлپܾԼ⣬ղŸԤԤ»ᱻɱ𣿺ȻǰɡȻ±ʱôֻΪǿµıжǿڲ±ɱʱǻģ˭ûȥ֡
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ΪղżֲϳǲŸΪȫɱ£
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ĶϸڷײûͨǴ̿;Ҫӳ϶˾ȥɽˣϽ˵лȥץˡ
Ҵ󵨲һϽλ;λү֮йᡣ
л룬ͻȻ𣺡廳ɸܻ赶ɱ㣬ҪĵѵϽĵ
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벻ͨǣŲһϽʵ󣬵ƫƫѡֱɱ¡Ϊɱһˣǧͼʲôأ
л֪ʳڵʱжϣڱ˽𣿡
֮ʲô˽
ĻýƭɱŶ԰ɣ
ںܻɣλܺͶʮǰľԺйϵ
ԭûô룬϶˾Ÿղžеıը뵽ϵսԼ֡
ԭΪ־Щ˱ˡ
Ȼǡ
ʮǰʢԺӵĲҰ
Ժɽƺʫ˵ݣǲ´Ӵá
Ҳǲ±ϰѧÿһ䣬дɵӼƵĿи߽
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Ǻ͸˵ʹκ͢
ԺҰ֮󣬴ȥϽ쵽һϽߣƻϽκս
κڣǧͬ˻ᣬԷǳֶͿ˵֡
ڶʮǰϽʦϡ
κΪսܣʿɳ
϶˾򿴹ֲһǣ
ѵĸףǧͬ˻ųնͬ˻ʹ߽⡣
ллţڶһӵĺˮǣɾʮկĻԻ͡
¶֮ʱ÷½ʷȫҼ죬õȨ
Т½ʷȫҵԶߺˮѰʧٵСӡ
һЧӦԽԽǿơ
һʼĥû׵ķݡ
ӦûеģΪʱ׻ֻʮ͵ȵɨС̫ࡣ
֪ҲµķԲԣֻҪȥ׷Ǹֻ̿͡㣬뿪Ժûðɱңˡλ϶Ҫģɱ˲֮Ӧû뾡һа취һ뿪ϡ
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91 
벶ȸں
׵ڣ ʲôῴġ
ʱԶлһ뿪϶ ѵŲѵ书ķ࣬ Ҳڳһ˰ɡ
лҲǿ ֻǾûҪðգ˶Ѿˡ
öץ־´󼪡
뿴ΪҪ赶ɱңΪТסˣ ·ТȥŮҲɱ䡣
׻뷨 ûʱ˳лɣ ԶõıԲǴ粽ң ҪƼֶΣø֪Ľ赶֮ѱʶƣ 
лȻ˵ˣУ Ҷˡ
Ҫȥ׷ ֻ ס֣СЩ
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ײ̫ţԼϻıþãòΪЩҪǮðײðɣ
лһ飺ôܣʱҿ϶˾ĵΣЩȥɽҪõġ
òţ׼˵ҪЩ˿ֶΣǾͲܴ⣬һʧ

л뿪оһ
ߵŮ׼ƣһƣҪ
Ůٳ
æ˵лһֱס֣ô˲ȥ׷
ŮٵϾǾΣĲ̣ԴӸƻͿʼģ˸֮ʣһ
Ƴһصʬ壬ؿ֪һһѾֵĺʹ̲ˣҶ֪Ǿڸʲô
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嶥ȥѹõͣȴͷϿñӣֻǼɱ޹Ǹԭ֪๼˭뵱ҵ棬ɱѵӣ
ŮٱĲᣬŮ

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ץ׼ջл׼ȥæֹлǧ򲻿ɣ
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һɽʿ׷״ջ˻ͷ֪᲻ûеĻȥ㡣
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ǹԹȥջ
лɽʱﻹʣһɵŲ˷ѵԭֱǿ֮˵ؿڡ
ɨɽϵĳ΢΢һ㶡
ԭлΪɹ֣רΪǴ̿ͶϺ
ʵԤϵһȷʵУЩֶѾ˺˵ʬ塣
ǰԶǴŹߵĴ̿ͣһȺΧ
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֪̿ͻߣһɱ˽Ӧˡ
벶ȸں󣿡лǰǺڳԺڣ
˲ûвμΧһԹۡ
߸ӵ죬˺֮⣬һɫĶ񣬴ŶñӣڵļΪʵֻ¶һ˫ڳĺ
ӵŮ˿ллǧ鴫Ȼˣ
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лȵڸ翹Ĵ̿ͣϽ
ŮƺǳȻôƴͲ֮Ų֮𣬷ҪгˡĻҲûãվ㲻һޡ֣Ÿһᡭ
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Ůæס˻⣬˵ҲлǧΪУ˶ô󣬻øǣԺǻ˽ҩ͹ȥ
˭Ҫͽҩңԣ˭жˣ
лܻǵ۾ϹģԼק֡
ĲһǴӴ󿳵ֱķ
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лޱ飬ĵ֪ͷΪİ֪ҪŲ˲
Ȼ⸱ģڶԷһָĪ⡣
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Ů˵۾ŵصѲлǧ֪ǵļƻ֪Ҽ˭
лǶ쿴ȥǺɡ
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صĲ²𣺡ȻԼϢԴѵӰ˾ûУǸҵʮûУҪô
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徴Ĳ˵Ļ᣺ˣѴСϼӿܣ
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ʱĬĬȡһУ߬УѾ׼
ȴֻŵǻа취ģˡ
˼ȲҪϱȥͷ


93 
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Ȼ鷢չ־棬 벻׻ֹ
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лĿɨ徴ģ͢ɾ͹˲ˡڴ֤ҸӶ˱ضȫ̵֣һٻʦ£ȫʶʶǱ
ŵв徴ֻ˴
лţ벽ˡ
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徴ҲȷǰСǸɨ֣կлСɽˡ
ʵһ֮Ȼ˳͢ǧ٣ģ


94 
Լͣ
ÿСӣ徴ޱĵЦһ Զڵϱ߾ͲҲزȥ
лڳһ㾡ԡ̬ȡ
ͻ׽̵ĴʶˣæƵЦ ˵ҷų֮ǰ ѾҸдһţ ͨӰ˾ȥˡĪҪǣֻկ ҸײǴկʮկ˵ £ֻǽ
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ɫѿٴȰү ˼ɡ
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ԭ췴ðŴգ ʮկһս ǵӮ漸ٵÿ
սͼ ض´ң Ϳ̿
ʹ˻λ ҪٵҲһǧٿ׵Ĺңһ̯ӡ
׿ĳ лв ԼġùġҲʼҡˡ
ɿ˽ȭͷ
ԭЩĵġ
ںˮſڣ лɱ磼죬 ˵Ҫ췴лϪʱ ֻŵķ ҲľµҪ
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˵ӯӯȻҲ򺫳һ㣬ϽӦñҸид
֪ڹģرĿ⣬ȥЦлԭΪǽ֪ͣ˳͢ӥȮ˵һԸʶ䡣˵ʲôãΪһŮˣȻֿɵõͼҵԴǲ⣿
лһֱǳ˵֮һûã££ͼҵҪҲա
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ת䣺ЩǴκİգҺθɣ
ǰǴκ⼸ʮһֱ⻼衣ֿ徴ģҸȴδǹϽʹץסϽҲ֮٣֪Ϊʲô
徴ĿڣΪϽ˭û°գִս
徴ĳĬãұҲԸ
Ȱ˷ܼ֮ȷתأһʱ䣬ڳ֮͢ǰһá
徴ԭվŵģʱˣмȻӦ֪ĵģֻǲܹ¶
ˣһ㣬ˡðΪʵڹϡ
徴Ľüͷ
ײƾʲôΪû˼Դһȥǵðųķգȥ·
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˼ԴСδڡ׻ģҸ׽̵ֻҸ׹æµ鲻̫ʱ䣬ƻὫ˼ԴӸѧˡ
徴Ŀ΢ǵʦ̵˼Դ˼ԴСʵ۵ڳһϵ
ЦЦ䣬ѾҷԸ˼ԴΪͽ
徴ĸǾȵؿлȷ
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徴֪Ķ֣ͨͽܣ벻̵ֽС̫ˡ
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׸͵ҷվŵʲôĵأ
ŵ㵽װף徴Ѿ޻˵ˡ
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׾˵ѣү˵ûйϵֻǺ̽˽á
徴ԲţŶ
Ϊԥ뽫ȹ˵ܴġ
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лᣬָϣҪˣԼ˵



95 
Ըĺƽ³
лһָ ȽһֱӴվ
ϲ˸ˣȻûһ˿
徴ĺͺӦɫˡ
涼оأ  ôģʱģ
˲䰲 ֻԼ
һסϰߣסĶͷѾðһ亹
ǲˣ ֻӲͷƤԾ· ӺƵǰ
лһۣûкĵ
վ 񣺡Сļүү
ժߣ ҲûԱ
ΪŵĶԲϷ˵Ļ
徴Ĳ ֻ۲ķӦ Ѿɷ˵ѡ
ʵ֮ǰҵ˾㣿
󷽳ϣǵġ
лӽͼǰ߻صߣ վĺ棬 ػūӣ õһĺ
վֱˡ
ϴ˭ͦƼ֮ Ա÷Ȼˣ ⼸긺ڼϸҵʮ̽ӣҲ㣿
ϣң л˸ղŲ˵ô ˽ã У ү
Ĭرš
Ψݣү˵֮ԣʮڴκڵ鱨ȫȨһ˸ҡټ࡯ݣȥϸ
Ҷ۲˳ۣȥץŲܼϸȥ
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˼徴ĶֱѾ˵ĲˮһΪ춽ұۣȻƭ춽ٺ
ͷ˵ǡҴ˷ϴ˽£֪ҿԷģڵ̽һоԲү͹үܷġ
徴ƤһۣŶ֪лǧ򸾶˾꣬㱳춽
үˣѡĸ߶ȣǵĽ顭µҪˣסͷ͵ףæ˵仰
̾үӢ䣬סģ˵ʵɡ
ˣһĵĺҡ
˵ԭֻԲû뵽ȻӲϡ
Ҳ֪лô÷׼˵
徴Խ⼸ԽԾԽȥ
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һ᣺ΪʮǰСʹˮҽӳ̳ġ
˵꣬ⲻȥķӦΪ˾Ҹ˲٣ЩʱڰĬĬעƽ󡭡
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ˣΪʲô
һֱĬ徴ȴ³ԭ
֮ǰڵ϶˾˵Ǳһôʹˮģܻ񣬵ǰδ󶽹ȴš
ʱΪֻſںߣġ
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˲ű¶ϣץʮࡣ
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徴鸴ӵ֪˵֮ӣȴҪ˵˵л͵ǸҲ֪ЩʲôϾݣѾҪģҪ̧֡
˻һ˫أˡ
ǵԻ¹ٵݣʲôͼġ
Ŀģ᲻ת
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·ڿһİˡ
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ƽʱֱлĹӣһָоõ׵ã˳ƾŰķС
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ȴ̲סЦᾪȣΪס
ⷬ׸ѧ˸һ룬ȻǼ˵ġ
ֱ˿̣ʯͷ˵ء
ķӦʱڣӦòдˡ
ٿı飬л֮󣬸ΪԼѾɹѹء
׽סҡҡͷڻʵ۵ѡͷТ̸۹
Т˵ǸɴµģʵﲻϣЩǰǺ»Ǹľѡ
һлɽҲ֤ʵˣ˵ͣԼÿҪ˼졣
СʵʤڻŰֽȻָ
ǰһү
ڻҪһŵܳװȥһ¡
徴˼΢΢ףڳ͢ûұ֮ǰҲʲô
˵ĳŵԷ˵Ѿ㹻ˡ
ס֮һҲ˲ͣл뿪
лǧ徴ĺһ
лŸŷתֻͷүкηԸ
ʵ徴¾òģлвܷģϽͬʣԸͼҵ£
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̧ͷ
徴ĵ˵ͷûټ˵ʲô
лĺ㻹߰
Ǻ䣬ǰȡ裬ߡ
ȭǣүүСȥæ
Ҳȥæ
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Թ߻ǵʣүү徿ôˣ
ȱܣһصүүˡ徴ĳſڿ˿Ǹ
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徴΢΢ף֡
Ҳܺá֪Ǿ֮ǰѾΪ˲ŻʧٺΪġ
徴̾һϧˡ֪ĻмΣһ˲ţվѾǸ¹١
Ȼǳ徴ĶŮҪ
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徴Ŀ̬ȣƺδϣҲ޼ƿʩ֮Ҫзִ硣
⻰Īżȥ׷ΪʲôҪ˵ڡ
ܵſʱĽŲһ٣תͷ徴ģүү˵ҶĻмΣ
ȹһˡ
ΪҪΣ

߳Ժţ׿޵ղŵıǺüˣԤϵĺá
лʮֵ⣺ǵȻϾկҵıɫ
ĵһǰлǧαװ
л룬æͣαװлǧҺڵϡ
Ц
Цˡл̧üģԴӲ֮üͷˡ
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ЦŬ˵ǰɣ˵һ飬Թ´˴δɱйظǴκǳ˵Ρ
תͷҲ˵㣬ѧģͷ̫Ӳ׼ȥ˾ˣѾΪǸʶʱˣ̸һЩֻҪͷ϶ģǲǣ
ѹסԼĵǣЦҲδ̫СҾ˾ˡ
׿ɲСλ̸£Ļֻòԭʼķʽ
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ңŭĿӡ
лֱۣҪȥѸҲңҡ
ʱҲ˳˵ҪǲңҸңʮĿ̲Ӱ˾ʹɵĹ̿ʼ
ȭͷ
лѲͬʱһ˫ںڵвɱ⡣
ŵУлںģ㲻ҪᣬǳҷƢ
Ȼˣһ˲йڨڨ˵ʲôأĶҰ
лһļ򣺡ղŵҲƼˣҶԱţͱίˡ
ȥΪжȻҽͣ
л˵ʲôְԵˣ
ͺͬʱ˸ۡ
Թ۲캫ʿǣˣкȥϽһȥ
ȻҪȥߵһƥսǰǱôûץסҾ˾˻һ
лȷŷȥͬˣȷҪȥϱ߾վΣء
˵Ӫʱȫá
Ͻ޷˵ģջҪԼĵķս
ЩлԼ
͵͵ƳҲǲȥ£ֻһòȥɡ
лɻ󣺡ţ
׵ԽԽϸ΢Ϊܿ;ļǺţ޷׼ȷҵֻҿԡ
л΢΢㶣ɫѿ
˵ˣҧгݵһޣŷ׷ɳ۶ȥ
Ÿ׼ޣȵȣ
ɣȻ˦ޣ׷л뿪
ʲôҴҽһƥսҲ֪˭ģ׷ȥ


96 
ͷŵʳѰ
˵϶˾ţ лûʣĸߣ
ָȥ׷ġ
лһתϡ
˼ƽ̹·ͣһ·ǰճ˵Ӧ±ǣ лϸ۲죬 ûκη֡
ָ֣
лǴ￴ġ
˼Ҿ֮ܣ Ҳδ̫С
 ŷײ֣ΪҪ׷ôԶŶ֣
Ťͷ϶˾ķһۣû˵ô ҪϽĿȸüԶһЩ Ǹ췴ݵӣ
ǻ֪ͼıɣ
Ԥϡ
ĸּ򵥸 лʲôϡ档
ͻȻȵȡ
лͣ£ţ
ױӣ ǰ оϸ۲죺ˡϽ»ˣ Щ֡
л
ǿҪ̲סˣ ʲôӵźţ ϸϢԴݣ
ˡüֳɫһڸ֣ ɼرаգ ڱΧ£ɹ¼
лƽĳǻ׷׷һѾʧ֣ Ͻôʹüı ֪ǻ׷ȥ ָ޵
ġҡҡͷ ѵ磬ʧ֣ضԭ·أǡ
һˣ޷ԭ·ء
ˣܻ߱񡣡Ħϵëˣʹ֪ҲȥϾȥץ˵ġǶǳ𣬲ܻΪһ̸
лǡǡһתͷȵϣ
ٴתһɽС
ɽϰأŴлѣںĺûעתˡ
˵ûţΪϽȴϱ߾İС
̲סһʲôط
Ǿ֮ȥԭ֮ǰʼһֱ֪֮١
Щϰó׷ٵʲôӰ졣
лںΪ˵ɽ·
ֵľոպãܿıӰ׷
ֱһβеɽ·ǰ·лѾǣУȻҲһ
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Ŀбӵسǰ׷лǧ
ţǶҡ
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үүүүǣֻһĶҪ־롣
ԽˣԽǲ
˼ȥʮǰĹò½ˮģʱ㻹ǸСС¹٣Ǳ˶ԲԣүүȥʱΪܷûվ
ͷġ
ȷ
Ȼߣı飺ңΪүүûܼʱ࣬Ӳоȳࣿ
Ӧͣɡ
֮ġ
ԹֶζЩ˽⣬ԺＸԸֳһС̫౻ĥĳ
ɻʶ˹ʱЩʹĻ䡣
촽΢΢ƶһҲûʳڡ
ʸͣ׼Ĭ
̫֣̲ס΢΢Ŀβȴ죬ۿ죬ǿҪ޳ģ
㶣лǣһգЩͣ½Ų
عǰߣǰ㲻Ҫ̫࣬ĶˣʵҲҵĹˡ
ʶţ
˵˲µıҲŵ춽ʶӴʮĺģһټλټ಻ǸϹְܲ˽еȨղүү˵ǹҸ̧֡
˵겻ڣٲһ䣬ˣҸлǧ˹ͻȥָĻߵ̨ǰ˾ʡΪ󶽹ȨҲһ
ƺбοһЩȴֹʹʣϲȨƣȨƶã
һ̫࣬ϲȨƣѵϲŮˣȨƶãĪŮ˶ã
̫ࡱ֣ϱۡ
˻˵Ĳ˱˻ȥ˵ôǺʲôǷˣ
Ƿˡ
ȥԼ̵

ϣջؿ󷽵Ŀ⣬̾
лǣխջϣ֪ڿֻûͻףʱ˻¹٣ֻҪϲҪȥŬԣǷԼİ֮ƿ
Ҳǻ¹ٵ⡣
ݣ᲻Ӧ
ҡͷѾѲˣ꣬Ʒԣ뿪ʮࡣ
֮ǰҲἰ֪̫ܣ߲ˡ
ڰжɣǻߵģʱͻһ֮Уڶ۾ţ޺һ涼ס
˷Ҳìܣһ߾֪Ȼֵá
һֲϣ֪Զ֪ǧҪġ
ܻܿΪһùˡ
ԶԶˡ
˼˻и޳лϥ¡
ԶԹ֪Ѳô֪޷
лµĺȱö࣬٣ȨʧܷգȫԸ书Żߺ͡
޷л֮
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лӭѶϣƺ۵ʧ
ЩΪڶ࣬Ψܹ۷壬ЦȺˡ
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˼֮ʱһˮڷ׵ϣҪˡ
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лͣ½ŲͷʵҾһ仰һ˺㣬᲻Ҳһң
׸Ҫ˵ûģ
л֪ģԴĸ֮˴̼춼ڷʡԽԽˡ
лȻ׼ԼеķֻܾǺʧȥǰĽ
ߵ죬޼䣬빲ķ
ȥƽЩر顣
żʼи˵С
лǣǰֻĽˡ
׼ͻȻתΪһɥģĽʲô
лĵȻĽǰˣܲɥʧǡ
ֱҪĽˡ
лԼǰԶǸҡ
һȥѡ
ûúܡ
лǰĴȻһֲ֪ĸд̲סίıԹ֪֪һ£
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ᰮĽˡ
׳Ĭ˻֪֪Ϊʲô
лһ˲ԼҪӭһµıˡ
ʼԼû£ö˶˵ķʲô裿
Ѿ֮ҲԽԽãδܳá
ȴƽΪҲûж˵
лиԼʹͻȻ˵סҲû˵
׵ͷԸΪҽگԸΪҷͼҵԸΪңҪδ˵ϲң߰Ľҡ
лţû˵
˳˳ëʹüۣԼϸһ´ǰ˺ˮӱɻԼһ㶯ġ֮δԲһ˵ҲֻҿģҵóԸ
Ҳʱ˼룬ǲлȢĸŮΪޣȥ
ϰ̬ȫȫ⣬ޱֱǰ
ϵ·ϣô죬ͷҲŵʳѰ


97 
Ӯ˭Ӯ
ôֵ뷨лԭǱԹ û뵽һգۣԼ˱Թˡ
ָ֣Զǣ·ĺТʹõĵһ˼ƣǺ㵲ˡԻӯӯȥ һȥӰ˾˰ɣ
лµӯӯ֪жˣ׷ҵж٣ѵദĻᣬ Ҿͻһһ
ⲻǳζ 
׵ͷΣòȢأ ȢһΪ֮ κ̫ƽ֮룬 ǲҲ᲻ȥʵ֣
ֵлˣ޿κεĻ
˫ˮ ƼԹ
ȣ·м·˯þ ڼЩеûģ
ûзϣǼգ űȽӯӯҶòǻۡ룬 Ϊģ Ҳҵر֮𽥾ö˵ ҲǶһ޶޿ȡġ
Тż޸ӯӯദˣ ӦҲһء
̲ס룬 Һãжã ˺á
֪ԼţǼ⣬ ȴ޷Կء
ҹЩļ ܵĴ
лֱҪ·Ͷ٣ ҵļϢ㵹Ǻãû¶˼룬֪࿴ڡ
˵ŻѾ߳խջǰɽ·Ƚƽ̹л·˫۽ǰŮĹȻǺ룬ӯӯôǽʣ᲻ӯӯںصġ
׿ϣŶأ
ﶼء
л˵ֻζԴ
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ǳ˼Ҵ絶֮⣬лڶֵıС
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ӡĸִбĳ֮ һڡ
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ȻԳơл̡ Ŀͱ л ǽлԼĶӡ
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С㣬ȥĶˣԴм꣬ȻϽΪҪЮүү

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˽խջԶҪʱлתб󷽺ڰּȥĿҹ䣺󶼶һֱԶĸ¹٣Ϊʲô


101 
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ͷǵôһлƷ費ɣ
׺޵Ҫ ˵ ಻ж
лüţ
¶ģ˵ ½ʷһӹɵġ
䲻ȷԺ˵ʲô Լԣ ܻʵ䷴ҲҪ˵
Ϊ֪Ѿˡ
Įϣ ̫ɹƤʱߡ½ʷҲë
˵֮ л˵֣߬ ͻˡ
֣ ĸȭͷϣ ּᶨ
лȭͷɿһЩ
ǣּ߳ˣ Ȼľ ǿء
лһ佱Լͬ˲Ӭһģ㱾Ժһȥ иң ֻΪ˿֮µľԣ
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лս˫ۣ ûŮˣ ͬʱһ ƫ˸λã ʹ޷
֮ſڣ󶼶˵޷ҵһУһ
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ĪˣҾҿõӣҲϽ
лͷѾܾ㣬ҶԾûȤֻӰ˾
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Լʱ״̬ƴһƴϣ
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лѾԼŬȥ۹Լĸ¡
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ͷͷ˵̲ס˰ؿڱƵܣκһƶܡ
ԭҲûỌ̇̄ܲһ̵죬ǼΪѵá
οٰ㡰ơ
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ȴü㾹嶯ס
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Ҳæ䵶л
侲ⲻ£ǵǿ֮壬㲻֪֪ԭҸԭ򡣡
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ϵ˿ֿʼѪ֮ǰĳǶԵʱ̫ͬܲʹ
һСֹʹգһŭ֮ʱʹС
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лһ仰Ȼʵ˵㣬꾣ݣǲ½ʷţ
ǳˣ֮ǰǱҸϣÿ㣿Ҳ֪֮ĸס㲻طϣüĸΪƣЦʱӰ˾ڣѾȷҲģѰ˽ʮĶӡ
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ȥˡϣѾĸף游Щȫʿ
ԭҲǷ˺Ŀ󽫣Ϊκڵү췴֮£ѡ񱣻ʣû֧ү
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𽥱ûˣһһûԴԽԽ
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ȻҲǸ½ķ
ÿһ÷½ͥͺ޵޷ƽĸǱҵģ׺ҸۣͬսɳʱĸҲż´ԭ÷ãҸҵǰ;ƻż޸½ġ
ѡ˼޸һеǴʦǰڸ׸ܸУǰ;ܶ
˭֪½ĺ״ԪȴǸӡ
˭Ҳ򣬵ˣۡ
ڵְʱʦĶӶһ
ű˾ǣȥ˾
ҸΪٲȫַ´ңΪ·
лޱ飺˵㸸ɵˣ㣬ǰ֪֪飿
ĬƬ̣Ȱ
ζ֪飬л͵߬ͬ
ⲻϣıģûֻҲû֪ǻÿҪˣҿһ죬ȴֻԶɶţһСٵְλʲôˣҵȷҪᡣοܳûĸ
ס˫ջ
Ҳм˿Զס
ֻϧ֪ʲô⣬ĸˡ£ЩȻˣлҪ㣬꾿˭ɱȥˣߵģ
޵ģ֮ˣҸӷ뽫ʮ꣬⣬ˣұҪȥһ㣬ɣĸ׵ǲҲһϵ
⻰δ˵꣬ǰӰһΣлٴγ֡
ⷴӦֻ㲻ȴЩŭ⣺ǰ֪ô֪ˣҳҶ֣
ţĸףڻҲɱ㣬һϣ
½һңʲôϵһζãȰһ޿ȫл˻ȥĸǴ󶼶
л˺üվȣһѪӿ
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ƣûбʤİգƴһս
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ȴͣУҲǸˣҺĸá֪ǳѪĸ׵ͷģҲᣬߡ
лҪתȥҷףͫ׽ԭء
ڴ֮ǰϣһֱڽֻĬĬսлȥԼ˽˶Թ
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ԹԵҸ˵½˿϶ǲ֪ġ
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׵ҷм´ϰ֮ˣ᲻֪һСӤܻܿ޷Ԥˣ½Σ´˺֣
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ò˺һ˲䶯ɱģֱԼǿѹȥޱʹĵص㣬Ĵ˭Ĵ
ۼлҪķˣɱʲôʵ󶼶ԭΪ½˵ͷӦѪΪҷӣ⡣Ϊڻô϶
еָл½ҷ϶߼ᴭĶӣ
üⲻ֤ݡ
Ҳлţڳݵ֤ݣҺĸסպþʮºġ
ʵѵ֪½ëԭиӣΪȥڷϥ¡
¶ɫǸûزۣ
ҡҡͷҷҲһĲ£áٸһ£ֵһ꣬ȴһģһ˫ӣ֪ͬͬĸ


102 
أ
ⲻţôܡ
Ϊʲôܣʱȣ ټ죬Ҳͳиһǰеҷ˶֪ҷ书λлӣ òë
ȷǲ鲻 Żᵱ
׵ΪλлҷĴ磬 ½ʷ½˵ĳлϪţ һúܺá
ɲⲻˣ һЩƮĴӻţ Ҫ飬Ȼң
԰ ѵе𣿵ȻҺ½ûи㣬 ȻлϪѾɱˡ׹ţ ĺ ΪԷİŮӵĶӾ顣
ƴл лԼĶӡ
֪лϪţ ϶Ҫնݳ
׵ϣл˸ ʾܴ սپ
ѹ˷ѿ˵ô࣬ Ϊ˴ӾȻ
лһ Ͻ׷ ҲǡǸɱĴʱ
ţ ƸϽ
ʱʮ꣬͹ֶѾˣڶԭ򣬾ݵѪעҪԵ᰸
ɱ⣬̫ˣ붼ѻ
󶼶Ͻ
ܼ̤Ͻ
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лΪ˱ѩ޵ģû˿Ũҹȫעĳ֡
⴦ڻ֮Уһı㱻ˡ
˴֮ɱкķŭһȫӿл
ݣȴڱޣΪʲôӣ
Ϊʲô
лѧţĵʶӦĶӲŶԡ
½ҷô䣿
ǲµʲôԴתһĨЦĹ
ſڱտ˵˼½ʷǸ֮ˣ˼ҵӣһвӣٳ״Ԫ֮ܡһѧţжͲҶˣϾ󶼶ӡ
⣬ϾհǸȣҷȷ㣬ϧûǸ
ұ죡
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л̱ʤһһڷ׵ǰתһ¡
þɳʹϻңȻݡ
ǱܷӦֱлӭͷʹ

Ѿ߳խջͣջڵȴ׺л׷
ˣλ̨Ҳţʱг˹֣ǶѾһ𻼹ˣһ̨֪Ǻηʥ
֪ѣʱ̵ڲʣѾļޡ
ŵҵľˡ
ҽʱò˵¹֣᲻ڡ
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лղ˵ҹʬ¶Ժ˸תͨˣŶԭʮǰǸ
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֪ʱǸͨ϶Ѿ֪ʮǰץס
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ҲΪѣղлǧӦǹ֧ǣ˵Ƕ֮ʲô˽ҾţǻǲҪȥˣԼɡ
ƹȥæҲᱻлߣٹ£ָܣԽصĳޣԽҪԼȻµûš

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˫£ЧˣȵȶסʱѾɥʧм֮лĳ
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ļ䣬һҲ
׸ԼϵıϢжƽȣܰġ
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û¡лӦֻ˵Դ󡯣ҸоԼҲڰѵ뻹˭ҸԴ󣿡
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Цǰܾ˵ű߼ʣʱ
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һʮҪƶŵƤ
ֱ̧ͷ϶˾ԺǽһǣͲסȡš
֪ͳŲסˣҲϵֱӾʹͷˤȥ
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лҲΪԼˣΪﾹȻص˺ˮǡ
սɳ죬ԼʵĳǽϤĳ
˵˻ѵĻƮˣ
лŵҪƺʬԿιȥģ
ֱ¥ϣϹȳȡĶڳǽԵһ˺Ⱦƣһ֪Լֻΰˡ
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л֮ǰ׹ʱ°д״ʣ˼ɣӦ
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ʱ˿̣е⡣


103 
ϻؾ꣩
лкܾã ӻ˯ʱѾǼ֮ˡ
ŬſƤߴ̵۾ֱۣϡ
һۣ ֱʱ֣ ھӪķ
Ӧ֮ лٴ۾תͷ Ƽڴߵİϣ ſڴֱ˯ˡ
ѻ࣬ɰ׵д㲡
´ˮ һͷɢ˼ܣ ʹô˸顣
ױҲû˯Ҷ
ˮȡ
лأ ױߵˮ˵ܵģ Ѿ Ҳڳҩ Ҫġ
ӻ֮ л뺫ػԡ
ԭԪˣһ·Ҳǿţ ˵϶˾֮ Ųסˡ
ʱиȾ˷纮ֻû¶ æˣ չչǸ
׵ˮ ȥл£ ͷ̧һЩιˮ
֪ڵʲôĹƶа취ΣѾȶˡƵһҹľ׷ϿȾûټ׷ˡ
ǰѾκǲòˡ
ģһӾС·׷ǱǰϵĴ·ҲǱ굼µɽ廬֮һǲ١
س֮ʱЩǵ׷׷ϣλΪϺս
Ҳͽ룬һ١
˵ս֮ǰ泯϶˾ķ¹ߵףӦԼػϡ
⡭
ʬջڸµ·ֵģҲڷ׵֮С
ԼʬϽ׷Уһ˿£ûκԡ
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лǾܾģűι˼Ժֿ֡
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ڶϣлķš
׿ſ΢΢æȥԼӷ
ӯӯźģȥ֮⡣
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ڣлޱӴȵǸԲҵʱûð취ˡ
˵սⲻ󣬵ǰһˮ׼Ҳﲻ
ֱӴӵһԺ˵ͷû
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ЦЦĬˡ
׷ʣǰ߶ٴΣ
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ٳ¶Ƥı飬գʱ΢ĽëͻȻԼģҲǺĳ΢΢˲

￴飬漸졣
֪ķ֣Լֹӯӯӹš
ܶ鶼ǡ
һ߾ôһ˵δǡ
иɽҲϪȡ
ҪҵǸԶҲϲƽƽϸˮ
ƾʲôΪױˣһǸ̲ġ
οһжδ֪֮ûҪ졣
˼ţȻһ̡
˼л񣬷лԼĿֽš
΢ľͷһ£ƲŸպһ㣬ˡ
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׷ԼˣȲ±֮٩Լæʵʲô
񣬶йء
лѰ˸ˣ㲻ΪκŶ壿һпվͻԼʱΡ
Ŷˣ
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׺Ŀ
л˸ӣСʱ彲£ϲ˭
ţ

ѹ֮ǰȥв㾹Ȼ
ײ⣬лϲˡ
лܵ췴òΪ¶ɣ
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Ϊÿ£ܰ˵ԼҲҪΪһĴ棬ž췴µģ
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пܡЦˣôȰģ
˵ɽҲȲĴ档ԭ˵˼ĹݼӢˣ;ĩ·ڽأҪһ𣬲Ϊֵ
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¶źı飬вãһǣʲô˼ΪҲ᣿
ҵȻ֪ᡣлĳ⣬УȥһĻ
ľĶǣ̹ġ
Ϊݼ
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