Ůװа
ߣ׺

飺
ļ飺ʮڣǵ֮콾߸ϵӣɽŮӽ롣
Ǻճһٱʾ̶ʹͨӽ켫شϯս֮λ
˲֪ϯΪͷֻڶʱǿ
ֱĳλײϯʦֱͷǽǡ

Խ磬һϵͳֻҪܼ̳켫ƽ֮λӴժǳ̤磬ͳɽǰ
Ϊ˷裬٣£չ츳ӮùעԵſϵŮˡСͷݡ
һж˳ֱƽ֮λǰϦͷͻȻ
ǽǣһĮЩš
÷ֿ֣֪
/٣
µĶλʽ
PS֮Xɳ졣
ȡİ飬ڣ
ŮŮѰϵĺˣӽǿ㡣
ķǴˬģ;鲢ϲߵĿֱ˽׵ףڿѵ㣡
лALL IN̫̫
İ20211221ѽͼ

ݱǩ   ˬ 
ؼ֣ǣ/٣  ǣٹ꼣ͥĪ飬պ  ˬġġϵͳ
һ仰飺Ұ㵱֣㾹Ȼң
⣺ֹ۵̬ѣҵȷĿꡣ

Ʒ
ԽĸϵͳΪʮ켫شϯ˸ͷΪ٣£չ츳ӮùעԵſ˭֪һͷǽǣһĮд˽šһڶгģŮװŮڱ˴˵жԡĹĹ¡дڶгֿȤѪ⣬ֵĶ


1 
ڤſڻȪ֮ԣҪɵɻȪǻȪˮʴĴڣһСҪġ
ϯԼá
أǸŮʲôãϷʦ֣
Ҳûã˭˼Ǽƽ̵Ů
ҪǷʦܿһ۾ͺˡ
㣿ΰɡ

ϸУ֮࣬ȴں
΢̧°ͣ¶ЦݣĿѤûɨ֣Ҳ˵һ䣬ʦôǻȪˮʴ꣬Ҳ֪ʦ˵ûУ
ʦ֡һ˫Цʱаȴݿ֥øСлЦʦõȻҪϲԵĶҪ
ɨףϸЩΣʱ˼ֽ᣺лʦ֡
Ů⻨ϸأҶ࿴æŲһߡ
һߣ¡֮㲻ַˡ
ĵĿ˼УĿƽá
᲻ķʦֲͬʦֵĿȾŵĮ˼Ц
˿̣δֻ΢΢̧֣ߵشӱһֻߵǰ΢ЦأǼʦ֮ϲΪʦ׼¡
Уһҫ۹âбŷȹâɢȥ˲ſһɫ¡
Էβ֯ɵĽ£ϡ̶Ҳڤ̶ȣȴڤ
䱦ļҲⱻĿ⣬°߲ɼĽʦЦллʦ֣Һϲ
ϲͺá
ͳԣײʮöֻǳ겻Į仰Щ׽Щ롣
ĲںЩ룬ĿȫȻͶעϣŮҵĽߣʦΪĶ׼
̨£Ů޵ĿԹˡ
ʦҲôá
ҿʦֻǿ㿴ʦֶûۿ
˵ʦֺͷʦֶӭȢģҲ֪ǲģ
϶Ǽٵģʦַ¡˫ʦҲѷһΪʮ콾֮ףɽ˳ңôϲŮˣ
Ǽƽ̵Ů
Ҳ䲻Ͻʦ֣
Ǽƽ̵ġ
죡
ĽʵĿ⣬Ц͡պߵλʦǰһϻҹ磬֪λʦ֡
Ȼ΢ЦͬλɫĮ飺Ż£㲻߶ʦˡ
һƺȫº͡
Ц΢ȴҲҷֻ΢򴽽ǣЩʧ´Ķٰݷʦ֡
΢΢ͷȻ޶ݡ
Цǳ࣬ͷһۣתŵ콾̸
λ֮Ůʧ䣬ͳķٴ΢䡣
˿Ѿصλϡ˳ͬڣڽԡ
뿪бƵ½Ǵڵϣȴ⣬ֻڱηϣЦ
ʦ֣Ů谮ģĮһӮ˷ģ
ɨսԴаЦݣȴһĮ롢Ųĸ߸ϡ
ʲôҲû˵ûж࿴һۡ
Ƿټڡ
ͬΪʦֵܣʦֲСܱˣĮǰ񲻽˿Ц
ô˵ȻҲû뽭ѵܹ˼Цһȥ壬ջǰ䵭뿴ļ޸ҵһ죬겻ΰգκڣȤ
ĿǰȻ겻ĺֻиߵļλش¶ɫȴұֳ
ӦѾϰΪҲ⣬һλ䵭Ŀ⣬ŲߣԺѯϵͳ˵֮ôˣ
ͬÿһԽ߶нָٵĽָϵͳϵͳΪϵͳ
˼壬Ҫѹʱ콾
ʯһ֮ӣһ֮յĵˣһ߹ʾ߸ϵ
֮ͬǸé®ëͷСӣȴ켫ڵӣʮڹϵ콾֮ס
⽫谭
΢ϵͳƽ켫ŵӴȣ֮ڵڶԵš
켫ڵݴӵ͵߷ֱΪۡššشӡ
۵Ӹŵʳӣĳ̶ֳ˵ūͶǵӣ֮ϣű͵ȼ
ŵӵڶ˵֮뽵۵ѾԶˡ
ٶԴ˺⡣
ܺãȥŻм
֮ӻûɳʱСܣһá
ϸЩĵܿ쵽βߵĽȻʧǰλشѸٸ档
ٿ뿪ķּЩȻʧ΢΢򴽣λ֮Ůع֮ǰҲʧڹ̨ϡ
ص켫ڣһŵӵߣһԺкϵͳ²ۣ˵Ķҵĺøжֻ45ôõˣѵȲǸǧӣ
ϵͳĬһ룬侲벻ҪڳݰݣԱ֪ϰ
ҷѵ˧ˣ
ϵͳ˼䣬ߵ
ӾסĳԺ³
ͥΪ㻹֮ǰǸռͷϯҸ㣬ھǸˣĪǸһһһһڶֻǵеķ
үЬɾ
ʦֵĻû𣿡
ɾȻҽȥĪǸȴϡ
ֹȭŻϵ
һҲûͷڵأ͡
վԶһ΢˳ȥ
ɫƵʮֻۣӺشϯͨӲͬ
Ϊ׵ĴߺܿһƬ߶еӳһƬ½ǣ΢â
ٲߣֻ·ߡ
ʦȴҺӣ˲ͬŴԶԶλشϯǵƬƵı½ǣǷʦֵķ¡ۡ
ҵعȥ˵˺üűƣֺõʦ֡
ûпҲû˿ֻͣԽڵϵ֮ǰ
ʱһϢ
ʦʦ֡ʦ֡
Ȼͣ½ŲǣºͣĿȴʮֵȻ
ڵϵĳͥҧϱѪȾһ룬ЩݣŴӵ𣬱޷ڸǵԼ͸һ˿
ʱ֮ӻֻһͨŵӣڱͬ衢ϸ֮żȻݲײʦ֣һϣϣܵõŹĶԴ
ԭĹ켣ûзٳ֣һϣΨһĪţ׹ħѸٳɳΪ켫ʮڵĴС
Ȼ־鷢չϾδҪӡ̳ŵˡ
ŵսսĿУͥѪ
ԡѪҧ˻ƿߣʦʦּˡΪŹͬţŵӣִ³ϡܶ裬ʦŵϯʦ֡ʦֹ
϶Щ˵ȴžʹǰҧͷȾѪӻްޱȣƺڵȴС
Ա⼸æҵ˵ʲôʦ֣ǧĪҪܸ棬Լ͵֮ҵȲŷųָ֮ʦܡ
شҲûж٣СͨʦǲܵģͥİһƬӺͷٴЦЩĻš
پ˵꣬ɨ⼸ˣ֮һ˿ϣҡҡ׹ʱ𴽽ǣºִͣϺڣ


2 ֮
ȾѪﶸȻâ⼸ȴŵʦ֣ʦҵû
º͵ݺޱ仯ĿȻЦ˵Ļȴ˶ٸ⡣
ִϺڡ
磬ֻõͷηҡȥ֪ͨ
ͽҲΥشϯϡ
ɥżֵͬʦѸȥֻٺͳͥڴ˵ء
⿴һۣӽӽóһųΣ£̬Եʮ
ͥſڵϣʹЩԶ
۷٣ĿЩţλʦȣǲǹעһľٶʵشӻСµĿܷǳСλ˵Ըôº͵ʦ֡
֮һˣȻˡ
ͥǲֻͣĪˣѾ޷ȥ
һʹ˼Ҳҿλʦ֣ѪմȾֻۣĬĬھټԶĵطϥ£۰ڳ̬΢ˣôִˣȴ˵ͷֱûС
¿ľٶϵͳ֮ӿôСһȤ
ϵͳֵЩΡ
˵ԸܻӰģԵ޹ͻȻ֮ӱǲˣֻܵ۸ûʧȥҪĶûһҲ
֪ҿء
ڻһ䣬֮¶ʹ࣬룬һСƿ˹ȥ
ۣͥǰƿʼãǰĺʣ̴ľƿڣԼ͸һ㡣
΢΢۾ʶǰʦ֡
бڳϣ򦣬ĿΧѲԼǸ֪ߣЩĴһۡ
ԷӸµĿɨͥδУĬĬ򴽣ллʦ֡
ʰƿǿƿһŰĴָСİɫ裬ϻмǳϸܵĻƣóǼƷʵĵҩ
һۣɣְƿ֮ؽƿŽ˻δ¡
ٱǸˣ𣬱һ䣺Ϊβã
ͥ䲻ºдŵ룬ʮ־нػش𣺡ҡλʦأ
Ī
ЩʱҲһ䡣
ͥЩ֪Īʦ֣ܵܿʵͷǣĪʦ˵úأʦּ¡
и̾һ䡮⺢ʵϡ󣬿ڳϣͥɢЦϹӣΥ֮棬ΪܺߣΪʦʵȡһЩ⳥֮УҪҽô
ͥ㶿ͻЩȣæͷȥЩµࡢлʦ̵ֽ
֪ΪΣԷĪǸУղŵһμλʦ֡

ԺкϵͳʲôҶû

ϵͳһƬĬ
ĳЩֵУڴִ١
ŵһҲûܣŵĴ۲˭ܳܵ
ִ֮ɫһ񣺡ϯ
΢΢ͷҲûʲôȤ˵ֻۻȾѪ֮ӣ̵ųΪάϵŹڣִҪΪټڶ档
ִ£ǣϯģ¾ٷ
š
ٴӳû֮ٴδڨĻᣬܿ˴ʧǰ
ʧ֮ɫµִϲ˿ɥļˣߵ÷ϯע֮£Ǽ񼫣϶Ҫϳͣڽȹ֮һһ˵һһ
˵ֿͥ¶һ˿ԽӲЦݡ
ͥǰɣĪίִûһЩҪʲô
ͥעӲףԺȴ˷ŷʦɢЦ˵ģ
΢΢ӣ˼䵭ʦأҲ˲ˣűȬĵҩҪһЩΪһ⣬⼸˷ϳΪš
ִЦ΢٣ǰŵŷϯٻȴ΢ʣ֮ͣɫֵ⼸ˣĮɡ

ջصԼסͥԺٱʦӭ񣬵ʦ֣ƽ̴
ƽ̣
΢΢üǰʦѹЩ˵ӡ
֪ˡ
ʾȥŵתŲһȥ
켫ƽǽĸף֮ڣƽһ׽ӣĳһϵ׽
ϵ˴ԣͬһţϵг
̤ӳһλȥʮӣͷϽ߹ڣĮͽķһɫ䳤ۣ½Ƕ£ü˲ֱӵϡ
켫ƽ̣պ
ʮ꣬ʵλƽѾٶ꣬һλǿ߶ԣֵ׳ꡣ
պһλ޷׵ߣ΢Ц¶º飬Ǵ
˷٣˶ѵ롣
ԿһȦЩɢЦݻߵ룬ƽ̺ͳǹ֣Ӽƽ̡ϡ
Ƿǳܣϰٶƽ̺ͳǲδ˵ʲôպĮȻͷĿŲߵĽϡ
º͵ĴЦٶŽڱߵĻƽԭһؾؾֻڣشϯҵ̽һ
ɨ䵭Ľ𴽽ǣһеƾŷԸ
ؾΣҲǻҪúðա
ƺָ˵ż˴̽أ켫⻹ŵӣʱ󣬱ڵǴѡ
ǡ
뽭ͬʱͷס
˵꣬ƽ̲ĮȻȽ佾ꡣ
λ콾һۣʧڴС
ƽ뿪֮󣬳Ҳܿ뿪Լ΢첽ȥ
֪ʦֶؾʲô˽⣿
ʵ⣬ȴû˿ͣӿһЩŲֱԽ뿪
ǡ
ЦһԺжϵͳ˵飬ϯҪ³
ϵͳ
ϵͳĬһſڣؾЩһ㣬ҪСģҾ쵽Σգ롮ɡйأƽһϵӦ֪Щʲô
޷
ĿİݼΪ򶨣Ȼа취
ϵͳֹЩͳЩ취ܲûǲõغãҵ쾫ѡ
ٲûлش
ҹʱ֣ϯסͥԺУһλȡ毺áʳŮȻԾҹɫ˿
л˵
Ŀǰɫ
/켫شϯ
켫ӣƽ֮ӡ
ͥ֮ӣ켫ŵӡ
ģڼƽ֮Ů
պ켫ƽ̣֮
켫ڴϡ
Ī֮õѣ켫ŵӡ
켫ڵӷΪۡššشӣÿһȼסص㲻ͬŵӾסΪԺ
PSĹ߾Զһ촩ƣȿǲҡ


3 
ӰУһĨٻӰĻεںڰ
ϵͳЩλǷʦܣ
ÿζͬһɣλһ
룬񾲵λʦܰɣϣƽãӦ֪һЩйؾ顣
ϵͳĬƬ̣ѣʵֱʴϡ
ɵʲôҪ㣬ҪʲôûʾϣԼ
񾲵͸һ˿ǡ
ԼļֵܵõᡣƽϽԴҪһ뽭ĺߣƽ˵Ҫĥ£ҾõһĥʯҵĴڲмֵʲôҪΪļֵͻ󽵵͡
ϵͳѾǵһ˵ƵĻˣⷽ£Ƿǳġ
ĬƬ̣ûзֻЩʦܵŭθͽԶҪСġ
֪
ᳵ·һ·ûоκˣܿĿڵء
켫شӺӶסźġͥλʦܽսشƽ̵ϵס֮ԡ
𵹲ʲô⣬ֻ±ԱߵĽʱⶼͥԺϰ
Խ󣬸ȻӽԱʦܵŭθ
͸뿪ܿλʦϥģ
΢УںڰȻӡ
ÿһλشԼطΪ֪ΪشϯȻ⣬֮ϰ˻֮Ȼ
ҲϵͳѵҪԭ򡪡ֻͨһطΪԼͬ裬ҷǳݡ
ްУһɫڸӳϢϥüġ
ڴϰʦüͷ𣬵ֻϢʱַɿչͬʱ˶Щû۾
һӺڰ߳ͨ뿪˽ȥ
վʦǰû˿ڸǣλʦȴûвİ˿Ȼ۾ϥԭء
𴽽ǣ毺õݸԶˣֲúڸ󷨣ʦܡ
ʦܻۣĿããȻǡ
ȻһЦЦ绨Ǹʦѽ𣿡
켫شиûʲôʦ㡯ʦܻǶ̶һ˲ͣƺʲôĿⶸȻЩ׽ԭǸʦ㡣
ǰİŮƺһ˲Ϊĳ׽ЩĽʦ㣬˲䣬ԼԶԷ޺øУʲôԸ
𱣳Цݣİ顣
ǲսȥƽԭǸؾ̽Щ£֪ʲôΣգʦܣԸ𣿡
ʦĿһֱףƺЦУʦ㡯ϧܿͽ˵
ʦ㲻ú£һᱣġ
лл㡣ƽ̿йؾˣ
Сʦƺһ£ŵƽ˵Ҫ̽ԼĶ
Ҫ̽ԼĶ
Ʒζ仰ͼѰҵһЩ˿
ؾϹԶʱǿµĶ಻ͬɣǼ̽ؾֻڣΥߺܻܿ
켫ƽǵóǿߣʾ϶ǳؼ
˼Ƭ̣ٴѯʣƽ̻˵𣿡
ƽ˵롮ɡйء
ʦĿɣԼ֪ʵ֪
ȴ˾䡮Ȼ
ѾĽգ롮ɡйصĶʹΣպͻ
˿ϵͳ̾ԤУ⽫ҴܽҪתۡ
ϵͳԴ˲ÿɷ
ɵʦ˵Щ֮Ծüƺܾ쵽ʲôԡ
𲻻Ųæֵüģüгһ˿âʦȻ۾֮ǰ״̬Ц㽫һ̷顣
Ϣû˻ش
˿âģ⿪󷨡
תŲ׼ȥ
תʶͻȻ춯ĿԶƺѾϰһͥԺˡ
ɫ΢̾ʹԾŭθ
ѾЩˡ
ŭθԶĵطһ΢ɫлգֱš
֮󣬸𿴼˷İ£һ㿡Įס
Ŀİĺֻɭз΢΢Ĺ⡣
֪ոϢʲôֻ˵£ͷ¶ţ鸹
ѸٱܿǵУָ΢֯һƵĻӰӰѸһȥںڰӻްߡ
ıлƻӰȻ˶
̲סԺкϵͳ²ۣԽԽˣôԶܸ֪ҵľλá
ϵͳûʲô²۵뷨ֻ̫ˣ˺ܿϹġ
֪
شϵͳһ䣬ɫҲҧ⣬˫ѸٽӡΡ
ڻްлɢĹ㣬·ƾʧҲκκۼ
ֻʮ֮һϢʱ䣬ڴ˴ֻʣδڵɭУǸŮգʧ١
һϢ½ߣһλΧһֵۣʦ֣
ǲûзʲô쳣ֻǾ쵽ӵ
Įûж˵ʲôתأһ仰ִ̲̽
Щ󶼵ͷǡ

ʹϢصԼľٸ󣬹ϴСĵءޡһѪ
ǿѪδأڰбԶȼմ
ؿ촦һöɫԲο·ĵ׹ס׹ӿݷɿ췢˱仯
ȻѸٻɫ£ҡһ䣬аġϯ
ֱʱʱϵͳ˵
ˣһѪ²֮ܲǰܸ֪ҵϢξȻˡ
¶Щۡ
ϵͳûʲô̫Ѿϰǿҵı﷽ʽֻƽӦֻŭθ󸽽û㡮Ȼʦܡ
ǰ߶һ󣬺߻ñ뵽١
Ҳ㲻еˡ
̾һ¼Aܿ콫ۼʰãϥ
ңеӿ첽÷š
ţעǰʦܣĮȻ£
ʦֻŵӣͨϢѯʣ̧ͷЩŵػش𣺡طʦ֣дǱڲǴŭϲ飬ҲʦֶעЩ
ŶЦһĵǴʲôó˷ŭ
ֻһʣǰʦȴһ£ŵڣ˵ǡԡʱǱ룬̽ԡ

ҪǿĿٲ㵱ƿڴ
õſ̽Ǹ飿
л˵
٣ҥʲôûõſ
ϵͳûС
٣죡


4 Ҿǹ
˼ٲſסԼû¶
ʦߺ̺ϵͳ黹ͦ͵ԡõ͵ԡϯʲôûУҪ
Լĸ֮ǰпһĻ΢ǰͦͦӣҲ鸹ÿ
ϵͳԶԡ
һӣٲŰ
ϥ£侲Ҳã̽ĳϱ㲻뵽Ҫʦйء
ɫܺùڳࡣ
΢΢ż˵롮ɡйصؾΪΣգϵͳǰǰѳͥϡ
ϵͳûзԣ֮谮䣬ȷʵ˺ܶࡣ
һٲٽ̸ۣܿž

ǰһ졣
ܿˣٶԺ׼֪ͥһȥؾ̽ա
ŵӲشһԼͥԺһЩʱ䣬ҵ֮ӵסõѡĪĪʦסڳԺߵԡ
ϡ٣ҲʮϡСݲ޶ٵӾס
վ⿴ۣ
ͥĪڣֻĪϥϣͥվǰ˵Ż
졮Сһģ֮ͬӴ˿Ե÷ǳ죬ϴʦܣⱾνĲٿأʦܣķһüӱϰӽһÿմʱתȫ磬Ϥλá
ϢȤ̵ʦ
ϵĪ϶żۣͻȻһˡ
һʶȥЩ˭
ͥѸٻͷϵľڿǷʱȻʧ
¶׽Ŀ⣬ϲʦ֡
תͷȥͬʦ˵Ƿʦ֣֮ǰ˵ʦ־ǡ
ûĪľη壬һۣѰΨһһ£룬쳤˫ȴߣʮģ
ͥûںʧֻʮϲõشս˵־Ӹ¿ʦЩò³Űʳڷǰ£һͷżϲʦˣԡ
Ȼ̫ϰ߹άˣһ䶼˵òǺȻԿȷʵڡʦ֡ĵȽϿġ
ĿǳһۣɨЩĪа̾Ȼѡ
Ϊ֮ѾСˣû뵽ʦܸ
ٳͥϴѪ֮ȥüĿ̣ƵһʣλĪʦȻҲȴֻݡ
㣬Ŀⶼ͸ŹɡСζ
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ԼࣺŽ̽ƽԭϵؾһȥ
ͥһ£Щɻ󣺡ң
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پֵοʦܣƽ
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ͥ¶мӦʲôͷϵĪ¶һ˿ɡ
Ĳʦܡ
һ۾Ϳ뷨ŴһǴҲǴȳͥĪڣָָĪʦܣҲȥ
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޵֮·ڱǿЩģԣĪȻҲȥ̽롮ɡйؾĻᲢȲε߿ӵУҲûѾдʦͳʦֺ
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Ȿֻźشʸ
¸λʦִ鷳Ż΢ʡ
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⿴ųͥĪǳЦƽҾǹء
һ̣λʦͬʱ¶ɫѸתΪԵĳݡ
Ƿ·˵ʦţơ
ȻǷԲ̨ʣʵλʦֻԳݵĿע׸Щ׽ж
һʦǳݵĿ⣬ٲǣճʱŴǰϡ
뿪˵СݣλʦĿ
λʦܵıּСܵһӱúܺãֺ鼴ڿǸʱҲûм
ȥڨһ䣺ʦ֣㾹Ȼˣټ
ӡһ㣬ûĴڨ
ٱЦһֱȥ֮ʦ΢Ƶһߣô䵭Һôͬʦֵܡ
һߵʦֹĬĬ˵Աߡ
ǱʣλʦĮԡ
ȻûʲôøУɨԴаףλĮȻתҪȥ
ۼֿסʦ֣̽أڵĵҲȥ㲻Һͼʦ׽׽ɣ
˵⣬ȴ֮⡣
ڼģһֱΪδΪŮˡˡ
˭˵е죡
ľŮˣ
΢üۣΪȽһЩ̧°ͣλӣͼڸ߶ƽ
ƵĶֻڷͼʱڵ۽΢΢ĮȻÿ
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٣ʦ֣Һʦ׽㲻ɣ

ϵͳζô
٣ǡ


5 
ٶ۾һԾָ̧Լ۽ޣЦһʦɫˣѹǴ˿ӡ
ԺУϵͳȴʣϵͳΪʲô컹˧

ϵͳʱ뵱ԼڣǿҵĴڸ޷ĬƬ̣糣οô᣿ֻǱȽƽ׽ˡ
ǿĽͣעŵϡ
Ե޹£ֻΪյķֿжһԡ֮ӣĳ̶ֳ˵Ƚ˳Ųĺˣ˵жѾá
֪ǲѿͼ޶ݣֻͼʱְͷҲһ֣˿ûͣ
λط뺮أҲѰֻ࣬ͷһ䣬㲻ԾһͬЩ롣
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ʦΪ־˲٣ǿϲɺذ
֮ǰôԶǺԣոһ£ʮظ֪Ϣ֮ǰ࣬÷ͷһ˿ѹ
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ĿѴɣû˼ٺίߣ𴽽ǣֵ˵ͷűĵطĵǱףʦ񹦴ɡ
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ֱӰȫʧУűõһߵشӲŵʦ֣
ĳӹһ˿⣬ƽ޲
Աߵʦ˿Ҳʦ֮ǸŮӣ
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ϵͳ侲ش𣺡ϰ켫ڴ֮츳ѣѾˣϾǰ·ҡ
Ҳԡ
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ͥãɫȣֻнĴʾЩĪۿɼطǳţסƶżʦֻʦͶĿ⣬ͷȥҶӣģ˵һױʦֵˡ
ġһϢλʦܼһ¡
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Ѹٻͷſʦ޵Ц⣬Ŀ⼫Ϊ䡣
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΢΢üȳǱȥ˵ˣҾǹء
λʦܳĿУٴߵұһеӵǰ
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š
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ȻЩϯʦֻŵӣû飬ڲеǣʦ֡
ͥĬĬۣᵽʦŵе͵͵ʦ֣΢΢򴽡
зʦֲǸºͺͰˣӴ֮󣬷ʦǸˣȻ䵭Щģʵȴǳã΢ĩʱԸ̽ػᣬЩû
˳СЯʦм
֪֮ԲЩʲôķվ֮㿴һߡһվǰ档
𴽽ǣЦŴкʦ֣ôô磿
Ȼûлش
΢΢һͣҲ⣬վĳͥ¶Щޣοʦ֣ϣǵϯӸ߸ϣ˽
ƳһۣЩغϵͳ˵Ǵ˵еһ仰û˵֮ӾͺϽˣ
ϵͳҲЩ⣬벻ĽֻͣøͣӦǰɣϾ֮δҪͷɶϵġ

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뽭λ񣬳Цŵͷȥɡ
ߵӷֱ½ۡ
ƽԭ켫ڲңԶҲ޷ƾߣϾ֮Ҫؾ̽أܺķ࣬˼ۡ
ٿ½۵һλشӣȥ֮Ͱռһӣ˶żֳЩƳһ۲Զһ½ۡ
ֻ࣬ڼװϣƺڿƮƣ紵ƮƮ֮С
ᡮһбϣұԺʦ֣ʦշ˴Ѷң˵Ҫһûʲôɣ
˾Ĭͷһۣܿջߣδش
ٱСЦ顣
Ա˵ĳͥбɵԶ£¶棺ʦ֣ϲλʦ𣿡
ͥԱߡ̧̫ͷĪҲ˶䣬֪𰸡
⿴һۣЩģȻʦˡοɰϲǺ
֮ƺû뵽ô˵죬ֹֻһ䣺ΪûϷʦ֡
仰ȡ˷٣ʮõλʦܵļãȻĿ޵ʦܣǰ;
л˵
٣֮ӣ˵


6 
֮ӵĿ÷ٶٸ죬һ·Цⶼ˼֡
ֱ½ڿƽԭϣŵҲ½˼Цݣࡣ
켫ڵʱ䲻Ҳ磬ġ
λ֮ŮһޱȵĽɫ£ӭȥķЦǳࡪ·֮ǰϽ͵Ǽ¡
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ϵͳûʲôֻƽϾç
λ֮ŮȻܱ콾ĸоȻϲ
Լǿɫǳһ֣ļӿŲ߳½ۣЩ׽ʦ֣ϴ͸ĶĻĶϲÿն̲סһ
ɫ糣Цϲͺá
Ժϵͳ˵Ҿϲˮӣúԡ
ϵͳԶԡ
ͬٴк֮ߵһߡ
ʦ֣ʦֶշ
䵭˿ֻ˵ͷû˵
Ǽʧ߻˼ڵС
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Ϊ켫λʦó飬ƽزݵķϡ
ȴôΪ΢΢һЦҲܵͣЩƶ֪ʦַģзִ磬ĶΪǵˡ
ʦֻεͷŴ࿴Щˡ
ϸ΢Ľ̸ٶ۵ף𴽽ǣƳ۲ԶĽͷԳͥĪҡ
á
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ԱĪҲϸҡҲá
λʦȻΪߣĳȴǳӣֻ÷ʦжԼЩҲʵ档
ٲδǵԽֻЦĿȾЩĪ⣺ʦܣϵϲֹ鰮
ͥɫ΢٣̫Ļʦûн͵˼ֻôƺ˳˼
ԱߵĪͬˡ
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ԺѶϢ룬ɫѴؾţҽȥ
һϵʲôӦٴ룬ûһۡϯһôţҲϰˡ
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ͥһ£Щʦ֣ң
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ͥٸѹһƾֱ۾ǰһָ
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Ŀ΢ЦãǾ
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סֲҶԸȥûֻͣҧŴίվԭء
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شӿһ䣺ʦ֣˼ԭҲ׼ѡ·
Ŀ԰èڵס
˿ܻýѡ·ΪͬһڻϾ֪ԸķٺӲΪ˸ıԼľҲ·ֻһܣһʼ;ˣζҲ֪Щʲô
Цһ⣬ӿŲ׷ȥ
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л˵
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ͥʦ֣
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ϵͳϲ֮Ӻøж+100Сܸһ
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2.moٹqi


7 ٹ
ԭķֿжһ̽ٱ㽫עֵ˽ϡ
ǽĿǰһҲûп
ల˴Լӣſǰһʯš
ʯŲߣ˵ģĳֻɫʯɣԿ˼ַ·м䣬ʯ߶ïܲľ
ٺͽͬʱͣסŲ
ϸ˼ۣδʲôر֮Ž߷ŵϡ
΢زͷ
ЦôʦҶĻԵôСͬţĻԵҵġ
ڳһģȻؾЩʲôȴҲû뿪˼
شʦ΢΢üƺҪ˵
ڣѾɨһۣȻЦŵģʦܣƢܺ𣿡
شʦɫһݣԿڡ
ȥȻʲô⣬ڴʱͬԵ̫꣬ͷӣĮȻڣ˴ؾֻشڣشߣڴ˵Ⱥ򡣡
⻰Ƕش˵¡
΢δ˸е죬ô˵ȻЩΣնش֮˳¡Ҳô
˴̽صĵӶоͽδ˭̳켫ڣЩӶдֹ۵˶ԼŵľӢǵжϵ
˼΢ת΢ǣԼĵ΢΢ͷ
һĵӺֳܿһش٣һŵӣռ˴
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ŵͷʯȥ
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޴񷶥ܸߣԵѹ֣ǰһܱʯţ֪ͨη
˵ֻһˣشѲټ
ٻһܣ˵ʲôԼؾۣһھͷ˲ԡ
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䲻͸磬ƻ貣׾ͿӰһѩס½Խ޵Ĺ䳤ۣ۲ʮַš
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ʱĪĴʣϹԶʱڣһĳƺΪ塯˵塯ͳһʱ
Сλõġǰ΢̾һƺ˾ԶĹȥԪ֮ǰΪҡ

Ϊ𾪡
ֻһɡżʮ˿أɳǰ̽ƺû˵֪ɻ
ȴϣѵûмҵ֣
ԳơǰЦȾЩ֮ɫԳƺΪٹ
ٹָȷʵϿ
˵棬⽫һ㼤оûС
죬ֲɵӣôţƵǰû죬ѵΪ棿ҽǸ鲻Ǹã
΢΢ɫЦݣǰĿʲô
¾ǰЦ˵ԳƺΪٹ
붼ûɿͷõǰʿʲô
Ȼ㿴ٹ΢ЦԼ˫·°öˡ
Ŀһ˳ٹҪͨĿ顣
ٹº͵˴ǿĿʼϵķĿɿʮؿˣͨп飬ͬŻ⴦ؾ
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ʮֻ˵ġȥĵطָܵظ
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˵ͷ뵽ʲôʣ԰һָ֮ǰ𣿡
ǰȻ΢ЦؾСҡһκڸλݵڴ˴ʧЧҲ޷ı䡣
˵Ǽ٣֮ЩϧɫиԼڿʼҾǸҴδ˵١
ؾֹһڣҲԳԼǱš͵ԡˣͷûκιϵ
򵥡ߡһԼ¶аȫͬЦǰǰɬǸˣݱһ뻻·
л˵
ٹǸƵˡ
٣ǺˣҲǸƵˡ


8 ͷ
ƺû뵽ͻȻἰ£һ٣ºЦݣȻͷȻԡ
΢ЦɢȥΣںָܿ˼ž
ס죬ûжܾðлһ˫۾ĬĬӣ룬۴Ϊ໹λǰֹ͵Ͼ˼ô˧
˼ˣſشӽӽóȫ׵ĸװٷȫͬŮΡЬӡԼһöרýӽ䡣
±ɫġۡйصĶպã˻Ȼһ£ŵ½ǵ壬¶΢ЦŮԵչ֣Һˡ
ٹᣬĿƺЩ⣬˸һۣЦСһҵЩϲˡ
⻰ָѵĶ˿Ť̬ȡ
΢΢֣ǫЦݺһʲôŮûĿƽƽŮӡ
֪֮
ݾġֽһעʯϵķУŹâת͵Ըףɹ
âУ΢Цϥ롮һͬʧҡ
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Ȼǡٹ֮ǰĲһû˿顢ҲºͣԵĮ߸ϡΥ档
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һʼΪҪɱؿȻҪƽ֣ҪͶ˺
΢΢üӰĿƽ˲졣

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ôأ壿Ҳµ߶˵ģ˺þʲô·
һ䣬ŤͷȥӿժһöӡȻִӣȻ෴
һӣüͷôƽ֣
̲̻ӮȻƽ֣һȥûб߼ʣ֮ϵʤĹ򣬸ܳƽ֡
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ĿһѸӵߣ¶һЦݣ˷߷٣лӡ
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Ȼƹ֮ıϣһѧżĵĽɤЦѽǸˡ
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ͷı˲ռײռʡ
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ݺύЩȶʱʱ֡
ЩĽͼʵؿ۴ıУ΢򴽽ǣӽӽóһѻƶСɫ顣
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ϸС黹δر㻯һƻõķ֮ӰŮģɾ֮ˡ
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9 ؿ
㱻лУаһ䣬ָæȥ
Ϊ˷ֹͷ˦ֱѸײڶ֮ץס˶Է½ǡ
ץŽ·һŹƤҩڶԷĿЦô䵭Ǻôǡԡ֮ѡǣ
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˵仰ݸˡ
λ֮ĿעЩıƻ̣ת˹
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ʲôãӲ춼ûӲ
˽ϾһŲ֮䰤˺ü¹УȻקס½ǣ׹󣬴ֵ˼
Ӻ󣬽ͣЩС
ȡ
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˶ʲô⣬ڿʼȫȫƻ̡
ʱݺύĺȫʧ֮ϵȻ׹䣬ٹƴĮٴ
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һز㶯֣һؼֱΪ죬̨ɲʺȺط㶼ûط㡣
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ŽѸתͷ̨ԵͻȻһֻ֣ƳʽɫƺȾҽƴڸ̨Եһţһ·ս˵ι̨Ե
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Եĳ˲˱ΧĹͬΣ
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ҿţסҪ̫١
á
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ʱ鳯¶һЦݣգգۣлˡ
ʹ˦˸̨
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ȻҽĮȻһ١
Ҳ⣬ֻЦǹҧʶġ
ȻҲԽʱ䣬ֽһƬ

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İ취ЧˣֻҪй¶ݣӦò֡
̨ϵҽﻹڼڸѹЩҲǿܼ֡
ԼһٶನϮʧ
۵ֱ˸̨룬˵ûˣһЩȻ侲Լϸ΢ĴϢȻҲ۵òᡣ
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ϲͨ飬ΪӮҡ
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Ц̾Ϣһ䣺Ӵˣûֿˡ
һۣδֻΧ
һƬƽԭĿ̲֮ݣаƮø㱼뿪ؾص˻ƽԭĸо
һصʾǣˡ
ʲô⣿
Ժкϵͳ̣ɣ
һ϶֮Ӻͷɰɴĳ̶ֳ˵Ҳ˵ġ
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Ӱһغ޸顣
һʮѡѡ̳õͻǳͷ
ɫ΢͵Ƴ۽ûжָ̳ѡ
ûзԣھĬѡұߡ
̳мģӰĮȻһϢʾ
һϢ֮󣬽ѡļ̳ȷââȴһɫʯƾճ֡
̾ϳⱦʯʯ
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䣬ͻȻһֱš
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̳֮³ָ֣ԭ״
ŽǿʯУֻһ˲оĶ⡣
ҲǸ֪Ŀ⣬̧ۿƺࣺ̫á
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߶ԣĿʼ
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10 Ĺ
Ȼѡұߡ
һϢ֮ȴߵļ̳ʾļ̳̳âֿâɢȻǴ׹ĳͷһ
㿪űһСڵǣɫޱ࣬ɫȴƽࡣ
ҪôԷɵӰҪôٹֽţλܿ϶ˡ
΢΢³һƽѡұߡ
ûзԣѡߡ
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ϵʧ¶һĨЦݡ
ԲʲôӰ϶ٹֽţӰôԡ
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ȻҲƵ룬֮ľû˵ֻ͸һʮѡ
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仰Ѹֻ
һۣڸΪشʱȴƽ͸ĶĹҲá
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ҲֻЦЦԺȴٹҪὭҪҪֹ
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á
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һʼΪ̽صӣܿ췢òİĮϵ·ԹӣʮŵķΡ
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ǰ濹У˭֪ѾʼŮˡ
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ӣôȥɲУŵĹء
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˵̹Ȼϣ΢̧°ͣߵǰҾһɢޣô˭涨ɢ޾Ͳ̽𣿡
ؾжڣг֮Ҳǲܡ
ûн仰ֻڳĬ󺱼켫ڣ֮ǰһм̡
ģǽʲôøУΪֳʵҲ£һǿɢޡ
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11 ٹ
غܿ֡
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һͬϵͳ̸ЦһΪ߲أԭͱһᱻŮ

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ⲻҪ
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켫ڰĽŮӲǸ̰ɫˡ
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뿪֮󣬵ϵӰδɢһֱģݷ·ˣȻ°貵ٹ
֮ǰĺ޲ȻԵø߹ʹȻʧɫֻԵĮ
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12 ͼذ
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ҲǼͽûʲô⶯ֵǲɹջʤһбҲ˵ѵὫ
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뷨ȤʱҲݺһ磬Ҳſ񣬿ϧΪȺҲĸԸԹˡ˳ۣȱұָ㡣
һλĳŵԸܾƣϸñֳϲ
̴ϹҪ˳УԴǰҪǵʲôǰӻ𣿲֪ǰȱȱͽܣҿؾлвٱأӦò˰ɣ
ٹЦĬƬ̣ŵֻ࣬飬ٲһСһΪ˹˳Щûʲôá⣬ͽܡ
ʱЩϧ
Ҳı̫ԣٹĬ̾һǰ¶Σǰһö
ǡǻ¡ĺطʯԿ̵ֻǰ벿֣ӡˡ
۽ķ΢Ц⴫
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ȷʵǡǻ¡ĺطЩ죬΢ü˫֮ǰҺͽķǲǲ̫ã
ٹº͵ط崴Էӡķţδϰԭ̺˫֮΢Ƭ̣¶΢Ц뻻һҲɡ
˼һҡҡͷˡ
޺벿˫֮ͺˣٻһҲδôãֻҪʵ覴ò⡣
ôҲˣۻڴĽٹȽͼҲͽһ뿪
ԡٹȻӦʡ
ߵʯ棬ʹող֮ͼ
ֱͼһ룬Żջƣ΢Цˣǰ롭
δ˵꣬ͻȻоһɭȻ֮ͷ·ʧȥ˿
ٹվȻ΢Ц¶Цôˣ
üŤͷʲô
ܶʲô
赭дϵЦݸᣬһ˲ʧɫݼϡ
ͫ΢ɫһ˲졣
ٹЦһƳüЩ죺Сһ㲻ݺһ硢ͳҺΪһ壬ϾʵԸˡ
Σʱ̷侲üͷǿģʵң
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ҿŮˡ
ٹı飬ǼĶǣνûϵ֮ռ壬¼һ¾ͺˡ
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֮Уüüģ廯һƬ⻪ӿʶ
סüģֻǰʼģ
ϵͳԺмк
ŵʯԣֳڱϡ
°͹ƽЩֲڣʶİͻȻղſĺ벿ֹ
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ףͻȻһ˿ټаЦݡ
᱾ϯΣү֪ʲôΪ£
ģʱ̣׼ϥĽ˹ȥ
л˵
𣺸ҶңھͲ˽㣡

#һ̽ؾʧ֪ԷݵĸӴ#
#˵һ˵˯˼ȴ޸оȻŬֵҵ#
PSΪ˷ֹЩС鲻߼ϵҽһ£ٹ֮ǰŮ˵һжģĶıܣȷʵû޹Ϊ崴ӡġ


13 ع
ǻ¡벿ֹ˫޷ţһӡֻ̣֮Ҫ
ΪΪǷ޳ɡ
֮ûлһΪ벿ڲ첻ʵ֣Ҳռıˡ
бռǺ£֮ⶼĿǷΧ֮ڡ
ֻû뵽⡮ҡ̶һ֮ʵ
ٹȻ
ûԥʯǰĽ
Ŀٹ֮ǰµ󷨣ü΢壬Ȼۡ
ٿףֱ˵ϣһҧͷڳС
Ѫ͸£ϵͳԺﶼˡ
֪һ򲻾СĻҵû뵽ôײС
ȻԸ븶ĹϵҲûкõ̶ֳȣ̼䣬ϵͳ㿴ðɫĹ⣬·һ˲Ҫһͱ
𲻻ŲæһԺеʹУһת֮һ̣о˽ױȵԴͬڹ
Ȼ
ĮͻȻŨسɫ·ӿıѸڣϵ뵭ɫ֯Уֹ
ɿݣݸı䣬Գһ˿ɿӽӽóһöüģӿ룬еǰҪңң
ٹҪԼҲݣϾֻƼˮ꣬Ѽơ
ͬ
ϸ˵޵ֿ֮ҲܣϾĸоʵġ
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𱾾ڹĴ߶֮¸֮Ժʶ磬·ȼһŻ𣬶ǰĽһȪ
ЩʹҧɴֱӶ˺·һ˺һ߱Թôʵʲô·
Ѿ˽ϵİҲһպķۣΪƮơһ
ΣƾŹλúһײоɹѽѹڴУͬ˺ҧݺύ𽥱֯һϸܴ£һż㽫ܱӡ֮ڼ
ĻЩбϵͳֱˣ뿴ͷɵĻ
ܾ֮úܾ֮󣬴궯ϢʧϵͳŴзſԼȻŵµһӵĴУͷһۣпɺۡɫ˸ţƺڲ䡮ܡ
ߣüͷ塢յĽλϸķ¡Ʈơ˿ɢЩ԰ף¶ֱۺͼϵĺۼ߻˼ЩȸҪҡˡ
ͷһۣӴ˳
ϵͳ̲סôˣ
Ȼأ
ЩνñͱңֻһЩͶӡˣ⡮Ҳһֱãмøóʱ䣬ûѸϿߣ߲ˣͨⷬҸҿ϶ڲĶ֡
ϵͳԶԡ
Ĭ˼ϢЩԥ
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΢һ¸飬Ϊʣڽ¼оּ
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ϵͳ¶ЦݣͺˣԺ˵ϡ
һа׵ĵΪӲһڵ󷨣ߵʯ棬һ㡮ͼ
ͼ֮󷢳ǳĹâܿ㻯һģС
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;Уһ£֡ˮ顯ãģٵӣ˲ϵĺۼų߳ؾ
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鱻ڵʮ˯ţƻҪһЩʱ
ٸɴֳɫ԰׵ģ·ؾˣϯһϵĵЩš
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Ƴλʦܣ֮ɫŨЩʲô¶Լ
ͥȻЩƲ֣ٱ˰֣ˣҪôˣҪ̽ȥɡ
ǡ
ֹͥʵʵߵפԺĪʦһȥˡ
뼸λʦܽ꣬㰲˸ϥ£ʱԺĻꡣ
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֮ǰٹŽ˫ޡǻ¡ǧһ֮ٹʶ̣ûܽٹȫӡԼλǰǰΪ̫ߣǿطҲûȫЧٹҲ޷ռʶ
ҪԭǷٹݣһʶٿٹͬھľٶٹѡЭγڵĽ֡
Ȼλǰ˺ܸȤҲһ档
ʶУٹºö𣺡ҲʧСһڱʱҲˡ
ֻҪٳһ£±ɶ֣һ˿ɶûУϱõѡڳ˶ԣǿ֮Ҫǵġ
üۣ΢΢Цۣϯʱʲô£Լʶʵʵ˵Ȼֻ³ҪôҪôһ
ǺǣС㣬ɱҡ
Ǿһ
ٹδݸЦ̾ϧˣǸʱû㣬Ȥ
һһ䣬ͻȻʯǱЩǽˡ
ûʱٹ˵ؿԳ΢ɫȴϤȣȥ
л˵
٣ܺãҪȥ䡣
ʧ󣺹ڻ
Ůʧûи飬ȫǼɡ
ϵͳ
һ仰衿
/٣ŵͦţҾ졣
ҧ
ٹƣȤ
ͥһɣ̫ûãʦˡ
ĪڳʦԱߣС¹߱۾Ľ
ģ̾ǱʦְĽһ죬ϲʦ֣ɷʦҲҺܺãѡ˭أͷۡ

漰΢͸
պƽ̡ޱ飩ҵԩֶӺԩС
ϡ꣩ӮˣֺûӮ
߼ԼģкҪ


14 ǿ
Ӵؾлع飬ɫ·˰ɫ״̬ܺã֮ǰЩ԰ʧֻѩһɽúܡ
ȻѰʱͺ䣬ɴ˿̸ⲻͬǸ֪ĵҲ쵽
ȴڴ˵ĵºеѯʣֻҴҶӼۣ
ٲͬ
һɢЦݣŲ԰ɫյߣеʦôˣɫôãĪ˵ʦ֣ʦָңҶѵ
ͣݹУֻ˶еЦ⡣
̧ͷƽʱ޶ԣһΣλޱ
ɼ֮ǰ¶˲СӰ졣
Ǻǡ
Цһؿڿ£˹ʦֿǲʶģСǹء
ɹλɫ֮ӣ߻Լλã̾ʦֲұˣȻʦû⣬Ǽ̽ɣ˺ôʦʦǻֺδء
ڶӵսľǴϾʦֵɫʵڲ̫á
ߵ׿ǿЩ΢˱ۣƬ̣Ȼȴڻָƽ
̽
ӲҶ˵ʲôæפ֮ٶ飬׼ǰ
ؾӴޱȣ֮̽ʮ֮һ
ڸӳŵУ켫̽ضԽʯţǰ
֮·;ٳʱʱʾԼġơ⣬ûơµжȣһԼĴھͿˣҪܾ˵Ǳ˱ˡ
һ·϶ܰ
ԼʱǰС·˾ͷ
ͷһƽ̨ƽ̨֮ǰСĻϵ㣬ǵʱŵĵѾˡ
켫ڵڵļĻӭ˳毺Цͣʦ֡ʦ֣ǿˣȺʱˡ
¶Цݣ֮òŮӲĿǽĮҲûһֱۣԽߵƽ̨ϡ
ЩӲƺŽʦ־ȻȫȻӣ΢΢򴽣Щί١
ʦ֡
΢˹ڰοʦ鲻̫ãʦòں
Ŵ΢΢ͷʱע⵽ɫЩס
æ¶ɫʦôˣˣ
ȿȡ
˳ƿЦ޷ֻһЩСˣ¡
ʦֿһҪء
Ĳߵƽ̨֮ϣֿ۽ȻûԼ˼ЩʧǰС·ƺֻһЩ￪ʼͨؾ֮ˣо޴Σգ뼯֮һ̽
һ·϶û̫Ĳܿ͵˭֪켫ȴþòһ
ٶ֮ǰ֪ô˵˵ͷȻǵˣɡ
Ҳϵƣһ̽ǱȽϰȫġ
á
Ц绨ҲûôߣܿԼӪĸűԺһֱЩķʽһ̤ǰ
һ·ٱ쵽һЩ
֮ǰȫ͵ķΧһűϢԶռѿ϶¶ɫ
ǿռѷ죬иϣʲôͭƤǶܽ飬ֻиߵȼķ赲һ
˵ǰһ¥ɾ֮Уһοʼ˺ڰ塢ѹֵϢ
ڶй۲һʶڣؾ
ٹ·ڼҺѰº͵СһѯأЩò
ϻ
ٵʮֲͣҵ˻ûҸ㣬ʲôӲԼɱŲƴҲҪŪ㡣
š
ٹȻ޿κһ㣬͸һ˿磺СһŮΪѣô֮꣬ǰСͷǺŨ⡭
Ϲ
һɬûУֱƿڴһŪңвܿŨ⡣
ٹȴЦ㻹¡
⣬ʲô£һֻôôࣿ˵˵
ʮرʲô
֮ǰеسƺٹΪǰΪʦ
ȻٹȲӣ֡⼸ʱЦҲǳһЩСһлᡣ
ֲ塣
غܣÿ仰뽫ѪͷĸоҪܻͳˣҲϯȣʲôؿ˵Ȼȹһȥһν
ӡΣ˵ٹġġˡ
ٱһ˵˵֮ͻȻҲʧΪһ÷ǲ˵㡣
֮ǰϰǻ¡طĻ᲻֮࣬ԼҲ˷ȥͷº̫ݣҲеΪ顣
Щ޵ؿɫĽ̲ס£λƯĸʶĸԼ
ԱʦܼĶǵʦ֣û𣿡
Ųƣû¡
ʶУٹԼĻһ£ֿľٶЦ˼˶׹ħаļ䣬㣬ͻȻԼãСһǰ޽ɡ
ٹϸһԼĶͷԼͷܡ¡
֮ǰҲ𣬲˵ʲôٹô˵ٴβ͵þУϻˣ㵽֪֪طأ˷ʱ䡣
ģСһ̫ˡ
ٹ˵һ䣬ŭ֮ǰؾΪ˵֪֪
ؾ𣿡üͷ΢塣
Ȼǡ
ٹº͵ЦƺȾЩа죺һӡħĵطôؾ
ħ
ѳ
졣
νҶԳ֮Ĵ˵ûȤֱ˵ص㡣
˽ٹƺЩΣ΢̾˿Ȼºͣ˴ؾʵһĹΪķĹ֮ǰ⴦ؾľţһë
б𣿡
ȻģвٱġƷ

ٵһ䣬ŵλøҡ
һΣٹûٺƵػش
λ֪ħǰЦƺȾЩİúܵͣһ˵ζСһһ
û˵꣬΢˲ϢȥһռѷԵסĵΣա
ڶԷ΢ָмɫУᰲһһŮǰĽ񣬲Żعͷٹղ˵ʲô
ǰĬ죬ͻػָºûʲô
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л˵
ٹǿǿܴá
٣
٣һ죬Ѹôˣ㶼ˣỹǸϴаɣ
ٹ
ʾ뿪Ƶ
#Ļǵ#


15 
֪֪λã
Ҳһʣں֮ǰ˵ʲôҪǹĻͱ
ٹԵºͶͰ֪֪λã
ոպ˵ʲôܾǰһƺ֪ӡ
˰ɡ
ٹû˿Ҳһͽ²֪Сһô̽ǡ
˵һ䣬˾Ĭ
һԵģ˼ϢҲش𣬱ŭҲǺʦ׽һô㶼ˣûŮ׽Īʱϯֱ˵Ūʲôװģޣ
ݺٹ䣬ŭ𣬽עŵʵ硣
ž˼ģλСˣ⵼¼λϯʦֿЩްֲûǿߣҲǸɨǰѩƫҪһţӢ۾̬
˵֪켫ڵķǸʲôſģ˿Ҳи䣬콾ûаġ
Ŀ롢˼ʺĽĿķȴƵᣬʹʦ˵
˴ΣգʦöȻҪġ
зʦڣĶ¡
ߣͬվһ·һ磬˵⡣
̽ض鱾ʮְֻ⣬λϯʦֽ¶ɫȴСµ
ʱһޱȺ˱
죡
ѭȥ˽Щ쿴˵Ľӡ
߸ϡΥ棬ʵλӺٹ£ҲΪС¿ڡ
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ֹס΢΢üԺͬϵͳ˵ͻȻҺͼ˵òŨģ̼˰ɣ
ϾλӸողűһλ֪ݵİŮ˯ˣҲͼӡ
뵽⣬ٶʱ¶һ˿Ц⣬ͷ̹̹ˡ
ߵļҲͬ¶Цݣ㣬ЩϲߡЩЦݡ
ʦֱᣬֻǸмʦ־֮˼
ʦִʦֵĶԻȻǳԴˣ֪ʦִãȻҲϲģֻƽﲻƱˡ
˶¶ЦݣʱЩ
ȴûᣬס֮ջĿ⣬ɫȻ䡣
һ⣬ְ
ռ޼ֵѷԽԽ࣬Ҳû˼ӦģתעڷͻȻֵϡ
Լһӣұɼһ⣬߽˷һа˸ߵֲ뿪һ컨ƸǣԼô
Ŀ¶ȣѪ
ѾŵرǶųдá
ڵϯʦ˿ͷˣλҶҪǱضҪȫ֮ߣҶʦֵܣɱ
Цһɫ΢ȴſ֮ɫѵʲôĺ÷˵һȸңԸ⣿ʵ仹жȺ£ŷ䣬Һͽһҿϣ
ʦֱ˵Щջ𣬼֮Լʦãʱǰʦܵ˵ѲɷҪɱ
ֻǾʦ뷨档
ɫǳ˷ǣɫꡣ
ûֱη䣬ؾϹŰĵ̣һ·ɢĿռѷɱش֮µĵӣû֮ǣΪֿɵõģ
һ˼λʦҲ΢΢ü˵Ǹ壿
ǲ壬ȻΣա
֮ǰҲõ˲ٱδж
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ҲΪǲΪ˴ؾĵ߲һλ׶֮ˣԼҲԸ󱲵ġ
Թ𴽽ǣҲ˵ֻ࿿ꡮѪһлȥ
˵ĻٵꡮѪʱһ޴ĿռѷбϷɫֱûɫУ̶·ӣ·һС
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δ䣬ѸŲƣ㿪ǵռѷ첨λá
ȺУ֮ҲԼʦѸٶܣЩǱ֪ǲȽϺõԵʣǵѷ첨λʱѲӡ
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Īǵ޴ɫѱĴ
Ա߳ͥŵʦܣ
ԶѶ㿪ռѷķ΢΢ü
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һֺ֮ڻˣֻûȺСܾҪûˡ
΢򴽽ǣŲƹȥ
ΪĪЩ룬ץסʱѷѵǰüͷ㿪Լתλá
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Īŵʦ֣
һ˲޴ѷԽصʧ
ΪзûʲôˣΨһ˵ľֻĪһµķ١
ԭװģµˡ
ڣ˿ѪҲûôأԵϢѾ࣬Ϊ֮ǰװˣǰڳһ˵ӡ
һƽϢ֮Īҧ̣ͨʦ֣Բ𣬶ҲãԲ𡭡
Щ״Ρ
ܾһ̾Ҫˡ
վֱ壬ĨȥѪĮж᲻ᵯؾ޿ʲôӣҪûȥŬΨΪһС
ô˵ĪȻ޷ĵΣʼվһжԼĴʦˣ
Ա߳ͥҲѸٴЩͣƸмлʦ־Īʦܡ
ĺìܣȲԸʦˣֲԸʦ䣬ֻܹΪԼ̫޷ʦܣ޷ʦֿġ
ˣʲô£ˡ
ƿλʦܣû˼οСѣ¿ꡮѪ
߻رԵλõĪͳͥȻܵ䣬˭ҲûһɫӰڵ߮Ѹٿǡ
Ī޷԰ΣͻȻԺϸ΢գħ
羴ʦΪˣǲǺ𣿡
л˵
뵽ɣĪʦȿ㣡
#Ϊâףͷȴ޷ӵ#
߼Īʦ趨һìܵˣ֮ôΰ⣬ԸƫųӣһϿɣ뿿⣬һԱԼ䣬֮ӵ뷨Ǻܵлʦ֣ʦܣĪʦܻ룬ʲôʱʦҲôҾͺˡƵ뷨
ȡ趨ϣͲ˵ˣٹϴһʦܶŮһɣʹ࣬ԼˣĪʦܣȻܣǰΪϲԱ޹أеھ֣Ըƫһ㡣
СӦöܿˣĵĵͷ߷ǳ࣬˵ҲǹҪΪֻҵļԼ뷨


16 Ī
ĪɫһȴԺֱֵʶҽ˲
ͻȻĪЩţһһԼ㡢˭
˳Ϊħ
ħ
ĪоŨأħĴ׼񡢲̱߱ˣɾڴʱԳơħͻЦ㲻ӵǿ𣿻ϰ˱ӣΪ㸶ؾиΣգƿڣʦ˵ؾУҲںɣ
ĪҪߺ˺䣬ոշʦѪģ
ħΣΣֻҪܴԸһЩССʲô˵㵱Ѫˣںʦ䣿
Цջ޶ЩĪæʦֶɡҾٹªҲ֪ħʲôöһֻ֮˺ʦǡ
δ̫Լˡ
ȻЦҲǼЩˣ˱΢֮ʲôֵñ̰ͼŲţ̽ضУݰ١
ÿ˶аЩĪҲףֻδ£ʵڿֻţ켫֮һ롮ħϹϵʦֻοʦֻοպ¶Ŵȥ
ˣ㲻ǱҪҵԵˡ
ͻȻȥƺ뿪
Īһϣ߳ʦֻ֮ǰ¹ڻ˿ʦܣδһҪʦܱʦֵľ֮
Ȼ֪ͬʦֲͬʦһ켫شУʦǲ磬Ӱһֻķɶ꣬ƴȫ˻ҲֻĬĬԵ
ͳʦ֣ȫͬġ
ƽӹ΢ĩҲҪɵԸҪǿģʦִܺã˵ĸӹֻһĽţʦΪˣΪ˵׸
Īһ˲ӹ˼Ժȫʧ֮ǰҲⱲ¸ҵһеҡҪʲôܸʲô
ȻЦƺĸı˼ã㻹̫ǿ֮ĶûУܱǿ
Ī΢û˵ֻǳĬš
ԺСӣңŲ֪ߡħ塯ħĺӣ֪ΪʲôŬϲʦΪʺ켫ڵķţԣȻ޽չ
Īǵһ֪ԼԭʺŹ̲ס׷ʣħǲҪ뿪ţ
أϻŵĹһᴫһżߵġħţСӣˣⷨſ幦ͬεĶʱһǧ㲻¶ᱻǸ߲
ĪЩһŲ֪ɼѡ񣬴ʱҲֻˣ˵꣬ĬһŵҪʲô
ûԵ޹ʵĺãһ̤һˡ
ܼ򵥣ѸֻڣֻܼĴʶУȥ֮ΪѰһʵҶᡣ
ƺĪЩ٣ֵñ֮޹ѡĳУʦֵĳУֻҪʺʱɡ
Ҫ̫̣Ī΢΢˿á
ǰٴЦһ
ڱɴط
£Īой͸˳֫ٺľʶôһ˲ѱռݵĴԼϢ֮Ǻ֮ȫʧ֮һƪʮµĹԺС
һ̣ʵеȻһȦɫâıզȻȥЩֻʹͷǱ仯ʮֿ죬ԱߵĳͥҲû
һлָƽ֮Ż̧ͷĿѶһ˿ԼҲ֪
Եһı仯˲ڷλʦܺ¿ꡮѪ
֮ǰʦʮֽңǷ̽Ȼ֣ڳӿвҪڴˡ
ϵĲǳ࣬ΣյĿռѷ죬ҵҪȡꣿ
ңƳһۣ԰ȻЩſ
ʦɫ΢ֻʶ˵ôһ䣬ɷٵ̬ʵڿɶ
ɫ԰ףʦ΢ͻȻŻʦˣ֮̽¿вýʦ켫񣬷ʦܺúһ󡣡
ȫȻǳƷˣʦֿˬѾá
ɫδʲô仯ֻȻǷвԼһ£
ʦܣֻǹ㣬˸㲻ˡ
ʦ䵭Щ
Աڵϯüͷ΢壬͵֦ͬҶʦֵܣûҪ˵
ʦһֻ·ʦܿЩʦ֡
ԵĪüͷԾкɫȦѸʦ֣ʶѯİġħǰǸʺ𣿡
ħЦСӣ㵹ǻѧãܿϧʲʺҡ
ĪĬƬֵ̣ǰûʲôܶԸؾпޱȣҲǲܡ
˵Щʱ򣬲ûʶƽ˵ĻٲΪء
ǡħȴЦ˼ЩСӣ㵹Ǻܳ羴ʦ֡
ĪδʲôԣʦѲöʧǵмʦ֣ʦ裬
ʦȷʵſ񡣡
ǵģĪȻθߣʦǸˣʶô
ħƺҲû뵽Ӧô󣬾Ĭһ˲Цֻǻ飬ҪϢӺһλϯɲ׵£֪ؾҲֻǸŵӣǷ뷨ɡ
ĪЩʣҪһѵ
΢ѹȴʦ֣Ѹ
ｻʦͻüͷһ壬ϮͷһȴʲôҲûֻ֣ѹָоǰķ١
ٲ֪Լһ˲һȫԶССܣʦֿ΢̧°ͣʮ˲˵ȷʵϡ
л˵
Īʦ˵ĶǶԵģòԣǿ϶Ϊ㻹š
ʦ֣
#ĳ֪Լ˸С#
#޴ŵ#
ʱĳλӻΪʧĳ𹢹ڻ
PS1.ħ͡ٹͬһˣӦû˻һɣ
2.ħԶ׼Ը뷨֮ǱĬӰ죬ĪʦֱӴеųԽԽˡ


17 ż
ޣϵڶû˸ϵһ
ʦԭЩɫʱҧ٣㲻һ΢ĩ켫ڴϵıӲн죬浱ԼǾ˫콾
ԷĵףҲδʲôЦʦ˵ǣһųΪ켫ڵϯʦֱҺöˣҲͻʮ꣬˫
㡪
ʦ¶޷Ƶļֻ뽫֮˺顣
Щͷʹ
ҲһˣڵĽҲʱƣʦֺο棿
Աŵϯüģϯһۣڵλʲôìܵȳȥ֮˵ɣҪ֮̽£ꡮѪʲôð취Բժ𣿡
ʦȻ䶢ŷ٣вʣ˫ֻأֲ˹ΪΪʳҪаӲռѷ첻ˣȡñǡ
ĻòüͷʦָǺߵ˼֮
û
ü΢ٿֲкһԼµӣǼǰ
ʦֱ볰䣬ȴŲȷٸ죬λƺû۵ģ뿪û˿ԥ
켫ڵӱ˶飬ǰȥ
λϯϯЩΪѵ⡮Ѫϡ䱦ôˣ
ʦܱˣʦȣ˵²ΪˣҲǰؾô󣬿Ժûлٶȡɡ
ϯƬ̣ܿ˾
ʦЩˬλʦֺܿµӸ켫ڵĶ顣
̶һӣǸϵʱٺͽŲԶһǳ̶
̶ˮǳɫǳ̶ʢһɫ
أʱƺֻ㣬һȴ㣬ÿһ۶һ
ڵϯʦֿһۣϳࡣ
żؾȻֺö
ļֵȷꡮѪͣҪһЩΪûϰߣǵû֮ǰô
ŵϯЦ͵ţƽ̳һζˣϧҵȽԲ޻
λʦ˵䣬ܿ췢켫λûг
޵Ǳϵ޵Ƿϵɴ˿ǶעǶɫƺҪȡ˼
͵͵ԱƳһۣ΢΢üΪȡҲŸʲô
ڣһĬɫͻȻң˺֮ȡ
ʵھ콾ȡ˱Ҳοһ֮
û˿ڷ
ȥſ̶ߣһȦȦ˽Ƕȿֻͼ֣߱Ȼػþ
û˿ĹâӣһɫһգЩĻþƿΡ
ֻһ˲Ϳꡮż
һķɫЩˬܿҲȥڽժȡʱָ΢кգ֮ĻЩʦôôޱȣСҲȡһ䣬ʦøΣ
ֿɵõĶ赲λ̶̤ߣ°ʱɱ
ƽʱϲҪλʦܱȻһţսúƽϣ˿ȻЩ⡣
̶ѸٽǺ֮ӣ̼㽫Բ֮䶼ںС
Ưû˿ֻһ˿翴˵ĮȻ

˲ܵѹ
鲻Ϊʮŵһ콾Ψһӡ
ؿ΢ţɫ֮Ϣӹĺ
Цʦ֮ҪкãøСʲôã
ûлش
ʵϣ䡮żô󣬵ĳλƼˮꡯŭԹ֮͵͵ߵ˵ȴ
ҲؾУ˿˵ڰֲܴһ֮ȴ޷ʲôҲûҪһ
żɾõն
ͻȻȡ޹رԭ
ͬûôƣͷ׼ûµĶɣǰͽò࣬ý뱨𡯡
Ȼʲô֮ıǱһٵҲõ뷨
뷨
˯һ£ֲҪһŤŤģ֪ʱ͸óûѸ
ĸ䣬ȴûֲֲԻ̫֮ҪˣҲҪ֡
˶ʮּᶨۿҪսһ
ԱΧ۵ȴЩԻ
ŵϯʦֺͷʦ˵ƽ㲻Ըؾطû̽Ҳִɣ
ǰʦֺͷʦܶ޻֮
Ҳû˵ŵλá
켫ڵӹҿҲ㲻ʲôϡ¡
һ䣬Լڵʦ֡
ǰһ֪ܹʦãһ߸ʦ׷󣬶ʲôö
ǼĿЩǵλʦֿǧˡ
ǵ۷ٺͽȻûڷ־衢ӭǿҹҪѰʱȶᱦʱĽͻȻɭ
ӿĿȻһˣȴûô¶ˡ
ɱǳ̶Ŀİ˼أͻȻǲʶ𣿡
ɫһЦֵǺ˼Ѳʦֵã
ô˵ɶĽȴһ˲ȷʲô
һ·ǳ̣ȴ΢ǲǶһİָеķӦ
ȷʵʶ
һᡮżҲ˵ͨˡ
ϲҲһûӵ֮ͽƶиȣȴִҪᱦֲҲбҪõԭ򡪡Ϊȡ
һɲ˼ûгϣƶ
΢˱ۣѹ΢ģ
ٰԡһ䣬ȴȻЦʲôʦ֣Ī޵ħˣôʶûȤˣҪˣʦܾˣøҡ
л˵
ģ
٣ʲôû˵
ʲôϵ
٣Ҹ֪˵ʲô
㾿
٣
٣ͣûǱϯŮˣĽҺþˣؾҲҪ𣿷ˡ

#ڻ#


18 ˵İ
ͼӡŲżϡ
ȴûԸ
Ȼ俴ݷ·겻ıɽֻеʤһģ
ЦݣüɫᣬĮȻ˵ˣҲ֪ʲôʦǲøңСֻʦ¼ˡ
Ƶ𡮸⼸֣һŮ֣˸еʮֲ졣
˼ݵļ˼üͷ켫һشӣʦܣʦ˵켫ڵĵ𣿡
ѯʵشЩãȻҡҡͷҲɻ켫ڴδйһС𡯵ĵӣشûУСҲûˣҾͲˡ
ɽʦôһŵӹעȻϳ
Ҳ˵˲켫ڵĵӣ
΢򴽽ǣͻȻһ˿ΣС
ӦòǣƽҲûʦ
ʦ֪켫һֱ֮⣬ûֻΪû˵֣ʦǶĳŮ⣬Ҫǲǡ
˶Щɻܽ⡣
ڳ֮˴ԼֻзۣȻܸˡ
뽭ŵ;Уտüͷ΢ļģԺжϵͳˣĿ϶ǵĶԻϲǱŮˣһýǸУߣôұȣ
ϵͳЩͷۡ
ڲЩʱ򡣡
ڶףţȻ˼á
ȴͬºҪֻǲ²ʶܷҾǸܽĨڼе󣬱ʶΣмڵ֧֣δ켫ƽ֮λָտɴ
ϵͳԶԣ죬ŵͳţıԶǡ
ٶͬ⣬룬ֵҸıˣҲӦ÷ϣӦٴ̼һ
˵ղϵͳֹѾı䵭飬ǶȻһĨЦݣĮӣһָ̬
΢΢̧°ͣѹûʶҲʶ죬ʦֲ֪ɣȾᡢͣǸùϧֻɢޣܸҴʲô棬ǽʦֽøңҪұ㹰Σ
⻰ѡС̬˸ʮʮ
ϵͳľսĿУû˵һ仰ıɫĳ˹
˵ſһ֮ˣ˿̱翴һʬˡ
ͬ켫콾֮ʱҲ֣гˣǲУɴ˿̷ٸоɱġ֡
ɱ
һֱǾС֮硯дӽ̶ᡢ£Ȼȥ·к⽫֡ûС
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һߵֵһں˵һ˵һ䡮ζ治ءܲˣ
ϵͳȥסһֽĸо
ҲǾ쵽ľּ֣һ䣺Һ㿪Цѣİɣֲ
Ҫ˵ôһ䣬ƾԸ񣬽ƴҲҪɵ˽ٻеġ
ȷʵе飬ıģİŮ˯ˣ϶Եȴ´ˣĻڻ֪ĻΪǸռ˱˵С
ĸ̲٣ûٴ̼ͷת˼ڵϡ
֮ǰˣۣһȥǺܿ·硣
ںԤĲֻ࣬ͽ˼УǱɫסļıʦֵı·ɿ
óʦɫ̫ãЩHһȤûУϣǴԽԽãɼִҪ
毺õݴűˣȾᣬƻŵʹࡣ
ʦ֡ϲˣ
һ黷ߵıɫУһĨȥЩѪɫ¶ػɫ
ʦãʦϲ˵ˣֺοִţ
ŽĬԣмͼĽ͸֮ĹϵԲŸô˵
Ȼû˼ͼĶ˵ʲôӷʷٿʼɫһֱ̫ã˿̼ģԹ֮ȴֻÿ
ĺʦվм䣬ͷٵĽ֡
˻ᣬԴϢ
ȴûһ㣬ֻ˵⿴ѹ
ŮӣѵҸãʦֶ꣬ʦֱһҲ𣿡
ͨҷԴտǡϲŮӡϢ̼ˣͻȻ˵ôֱӡ
Ա߷Դϧ飬Ժȴϵͳ²ۣҲ45øС
żĶԽĺøжҲ65˵·100һ쿴еŮˡ
ڼȻ֮ʱһûֵٹҲͻȻڷʶЦСһЩСѸǷḻҪζࡣ
⡮Ұ㡢㰮ҡϷ뵱治һҡ
䲻ȴδȣֻ䣺ϴжʲôа飿ˮʲô˼ϯϲǿŤĹϡ
ٹԼһ˲ԾЦСŮȻϲ㣬ϲͷ
Σ΢ŮǸ鷺ģֻҪҴúÿοһ룬ͶҵĻ
ͣٵʱһ΢ЩʧЦûǴĻҲǸɣ
ٺɣûȻһ˵ſ񣺡ڲǡ
л˵
٣ӦøеңǸϴУҪҲʲôõŮұȻǲܷŹģ͸ӵŮ
ٹ
ϵͳ
ϵͳҿû񰡣
٣Һܾҵллѵݸһ¹ţǱضҪģøлҡ
ϵͳҡ
߼ã֮ӴûõŮˡ
#ͷͷһ#


19 ǵŮ
ٹʲô죬ٺûʲôͬ˵ܿϵȻѵΪ˺ͱϯ˵Щϻֻɱ죬ûʱ̽Щ
û˼ٹĴ˵һٹôθɣ
ԼݵദѾٹԸ˳˽⣬λǰûĶ̬ȣЦӭСŮΪպƽ֮λδЩ̫òʧŮ츳пɣȴЩ²
Ҳ水շٵ뷨ǣ˵Ĳʺϵĵ¡
ٶʱ֮Աǣ⻹˵֮ʣδעҪͳɽĴڣôֻмһŮˣ
ô˵ֻϲ
οˣΪʲôϲ
ϲ
Ȼϲ

ǰĬһϢŻָº㵹ǲ
ʲôһô߸ôĸ氮ʲô˼кǧ㻹ѵ˶һһ˵㣬Ҳûа£
˹˵꣬ͣһ£ŵŮӺϣ׳̬ϧˣǸˣҲҿˡ֮
ٹһ˲֪ϧǼٿϧ
ٵĻЦ
Ц˺һµȤСһҵ껹Ȥ
ȷֽ˵ˣƲϵģҵǿԸֺô
ٹϹʱҲѭ浸صˣ¹ܵģͬС
ٴ̬ȴһ䵭
㵱Щé®ɵСӣôֻǸͺôɡ
ҿ㲻ţ
ҵ켫ƽ̡
ٹ΢Цƽ̷ϹʱʲôĩʱҲһˣϧӣȴʵ䷴
Ŀƺ켫ƽ̺Ϥ
΢ɫ㱻ѹؾ֮УαװһźϤģ
ҶȻ죬ɶڻм˽ģô˶ھӡ
ƽԭȷʵڲرԶ켫ڣǿʶһǧҲ޷ֱ٣˵ٹʱûʲôһϴڣĴӲ޴
˼䵭ûʲô˵˵ôʵ䷴ˣ
Ǹܣ㣬Ҫαң
ٹȴЦ⣬ƺּۻۡ
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԰ֱӶ˽̸ʶ
ٹԼЩͷۣ˹ֻȵȣˡ
Ҳһưһ仰ͬ˵㵱ϯʲôˣ˵Ҿ͵ţҸ㣬ڲˣȻȥҾ㡣
ʶ̸˼ʶݣٹʶʵʵ׶˺Ľλ˵ʲôˡ
ԺУʲôû޶ңϵͳȥǾȥ켫ƽ
ϵͳЩԥʵһҲ޷Ҿ˵Ӧģǹƽ̺ͽأպҲдá

䵭̵Ҹ㣬˭ܹţȻ˵Ժ˵ʱ͵ң䲻ܹţ˭
ϵͳ˻ûٿڷ
ǽ˺ٹķ½עǰϡ
ڡʦϲŮˡһشļڽ˵ˡÿ֮Ȼռмλãۿʪ˳۽ǻ£۽΢Ƕ˼滨С
÷ٺһۡ
ᣬǸ档
θ˸뷨Ψʦֻ֡
ɭ޵ĺȫעϣϢЩ΢ϣ֡
ʮϯ٣ֻôһλʦϲĶ֡
Ũغ£Ȱʦãҵ˻ذɣ
֮⣬Ǳ߷ĵʦ˵ǣʦãŮ࣬ڽʦǸ𣬿Ȼɡ
⻰ûаοģںǼۡ
˸
䲻֪ǸǺηʥɼĴС󳤴д˸Υ棬ҲֻҫޱȵĽʦģԷЩ棬ȻһİŮˣôʵ
滨Щͨû٣ֻҧ˻ʦ֣ҵȲ
ɫȴ䣬Բ͡
ٿһۣ˹ǣʣһƬϢǳ̶룬ȲǶż
ݻȴɿ죬һ߽ѸպӽУһ߿򱻼סĽ̾ʦãʦҲ̫Щ
԰գֶżĵıӰˣҲԸ룬ʦãҲĪҪ̫ġ
˵ʦջĿзɿӵ룬ʦܵߡ

ʦʶָָǳ̶Ǳߣӡ
ôʦʽʦΪβЦһּǱ߽ɫԽԽ䣬ƺѾںǰ·˭һ̸ʦ֣ͬʦúú˵֮£֮ٸ㡣
󲻵˷Ӧٴεߡ
ʦܽһãȻظ뿪ֻ֪׷ʲô
ǸԶû̫ǽʦǵŮӣʦǰʣ
ԳĬֻнµʦܵ˿ͬԱߵشô죿Ҫ֪ͨƽ𣿡
л˵
ٵ֪ͨƽ̣Ůӣʦʡ
ʵ֪ͨƽ̣ԩֶӱ˯ˡ


20 õʦ
˦󣬷ٴԼµ̽·ϡ
˽ʹ죬ŶٹǸҲûôջˡ
ٽǼʶϣࣺ˵ɣϯãصٸһλᡣ
ٹһĬ
ݺϹʱ꣬ԼҲûܹĴδʱ˷ôβӡ
Ĭٹջ糣ڣͷʱ콵ѵһ޵ʣԽԽޣȴ෴
켫ƽ֮̽䱦δ±ΪӣѸʮţ˺ӳڴϿ˵ҲûʧӹϵδôˣȻݱ֪պл⣬һҪֲͷӦ
˵֪뵽ʲôЦһͷΪӴøһ
˵꣬˼Ƭ̣°ͳ˵ƽӦôŲ񣿡
ƽƽ̶ԽҲͱȶ׺ôһ֣ʵڿģ
ƭ㲻ɣţλȥͷһŮӡ㺡´ƽ̶У֪ˡ
˿ûԼǡŮӡԾȤô˵ƽ̰ݼڣǻҪЩô
ٹƺ˵ʲôȤĻЩ΢ЦǾҪŮǷϽԼǷԸˡ
ҪǱ켫ƽ֪Ķӱ˶ԪֻµҪҡ
ɫһһɫҺθɣ
Ƿ٣켫شϯ
Ǻǣ˵ǡ
ٹǷܵظһ䡣
ٶپˬЦʲôЦһϴУ궼ûеµҲ˼Цң
ٹɫһȻЦˡ
žˬЩ
עŵʵ磬˴ԼһӣͻȻ֮ɫŤ󿿽ƺ˵ЩʲôЩԥ
΢΢üѯʣʲô£
ڣͥ¶ģߵߣʦ֣ҡܾؾʲôٻҡ
ٻ㣿
ǲ죬Ȼ
֮ؾﱻٻ˭ĳǲܱȵġ
и䣬֮ӲףȻĸ򣿡
ͥԥһ£ָָ
ָĲбﲢ޵·ķԶȥֻܿһƬïܴ֡
Ҳǳͥԥԭ
һԵһͺΣգʦ֮ǰˣԸʦա
ǻԵȻɷʦֻá
üͷ΢壬Щ̫Ǹߣ֮һӣǵͷٻĻԵǸ̽һ̽ɡ
ͥɫЩ΢࣬æµʦ֣ҡҲ˼лԵȻʦֵġ
˵ʮȻûаǿ÷ٷǳ⡣
ϸСܾ͸Ŵ硣
̰ͼͥĻԵ֮ӵĻԵܲõֻǸء
΢ȴĮȻˣ˭ĻԵ˭ģȽˣΪʦֻ֣ΪǱݻܲܵõô㿴Լˡ
䲻ֹԳͥ˵Ҳʦʦ˵
֮¶̵޵ʦõʦ֡
š
佱ȴװµӣʱ·׷ŵ߰ɡ
һƫбȥ
ɳͥǰ·һ·ïܴ֣㿪һЩԵĿռѷ죬Ѱһ˼С·
С·㳤ӱͷ
С·ͷٿһʯĶǶдɾĸ֣ΧƣԵʮλá
Щ죬ʶѯʣطȷӡؾò崫аɣ
ٹ˵ط䲻ؾҲ죬һЩвʲô¡
ٹһۣǺǵʦҵ崫С
ȷٿڣִЩյ󴫳иʦܿɾ˷ˣҪ̵λҪĴ𣿡
ٴ΢򣬵ܿԴǵϯ˵˸ʦܣһʦܵĶ֣㲻ҪΪ˶һ޳ܡ
֮ǰǰֱӽ֡ˡ
ٹʧɫѵýһ˲΢΢ЩЦݣСһ˵֮
ôֲ֪֣ѵҪϯɳȻ
ٹĬһǵͳΪٹܳһ֡
ٹ񣿡
ظһ飬ôŮһ
ٹҲֻЦŮˣϹʱֹֿСҹġ
аɡ
ǿ˵룬޸ģҽ㰢ɡ
ٹɫٴһȻƺЩܣͼأСһǿҲĳ
ֻ߰Լѡ
õİٹѡ˳Ĭ
¿ǰġɾٵŹ⣬ͥЩЩ΢˼˵Ӧ崫֮أ崫ֻһݣ崫ͨвطԶȶеӣؾ̽Ѱ߽Կڣϯ˵ǰͷУԸ
Զ޷û䣬µҲãȡ֮߱Ρ
ɨףͥ
˴ؾҲڣܷõؾȫԼ¡
˻һ˶¶ϲɫشм񣺡лʦֺ񰮡
ϯʦڣ崫ֵõ᣿
ĬĬ̾˿ŵĮɫͷ
ȥɣǹ
л˵
#ȫõʦ#
ͥ/ĪʦôãȻǱ˲ʶô
ʱ켫ƽյؾϢһһ仰дţİŮ˽ʦؾ
ò׵ȵһûʣһȥԪûˡ
켫ƽǰһڡ
ƽ̣˭
֪Ͳˡ
켫ƽٴǰһڡ
˰ƽεˣ


21 ֮ĶԻ
µӴ˴β̽صĳ֮⹲ʮˣشˣʮˣŶ÷ǣĪʦܾȻҲѡ롮ɾ翵崫С
ΪĪѡ£ϾλʦԸЩų
ľɡɾֻ֮ʣһˣ˶ȥ崫С
еں󣬷ſյһƬ֣ͻȻЩڣ֪Ҳȥˡ
ԵҲ˵в֪Ҫãһȴʵġ
ֻƬ̣ٱЩסۼ帮ۡش֣ѭԭ·߻˴
֪ŵ·δûǵټǰһΣѰ˸·ڱ׼̽һ̽
ɲǰӽͻȻ춯
΢΢üóһöɫ˸
ָ΢㣬öƱ㻯ϸܹ㣬գڿһ֡
öɫѶǴƽҪ²á
ϸһ飬Ѱζ
ؾһŮľǲģ˵ƽ˺ôʢŭ֮°ƽ̷ֵݶһ룬̷š
ϵĴѶЦ񣬿ûƭҡ
ٹһûԣ֪ǲڿƺ
Ҳ⡣
ֻЦԳ˴ϵĴѶ
ᱦŮӣ˷ȥб䶯ټƽ̣ΪС˵û
ٺغ˼䣬˳ôϰڼƽǰԣԽӣǲм˽ЩϸڵģϾԼĸ׶䵭
˴Ѷ̽ЩȻζ
̽ջ㹻ˣؾ´οǻſǵһ޵ıʲô顣
ƽƽո߸ϣܿЦʱɲࡣ
ԼҲǴԭ
һģЦ棬̷ǰֻصɾſڣĨȥ֮ǰԣĳȻţشеӳ֮һ
²⣬ոû׷ǲΪѾȥˣϾƽ̷ء
ͷԱģ;ÿģȲͳ֮ǰ׼õؾͷ飬ʶгĬһٹͻȥˣ̽ˣ
̽пҪ˵ˣöҶõˣ崫ʦõֵõ֣´ʱϸ
ٹ˵Щʲô鴫â˰С
ǰ⻪תתǻƽԭС
һ۱˻ڴ˴λϣ΢䴽ǣ񣬲켫ڳǰ
سϣڵӿгģ
պصĳɣҲ֮϶ѯʣȻûгڰǰš
лϸ֪
ĵȻˣֲǿϧˣ
ѸߵһߣóһСͷȲ̤˷
һӣٻصʱѲӰֻŵӹ
һλԥʦ֣ƽŭʻ
֪ˡ
ٶЦͷȻ̤š
ͨӿŲٶȸϻطͥǰ
вˣƽ̺೤϶ڣΨֻһˡ
Ŀǣſڵ̵Ӧʯ֪ܲΪһ룬Ǳ˻ˡ
ſͣһ˲һ̮ʯܣ½¶һº΢Ц̤С
ƽɨһֽۣ·Ż˽ϡ
ȳƽ̺͸λһ񣬲ЦʦôһˣСʵڵģҲʦֻ
Ŀк޶ݣ˵ſڣģ
ɫһʧЦʦ֣˿̿²˵Щʱɣ
ƽ΢΢üµӣ޸飺ҲʶŮӣ
ٺη⣬ЩЦݣƽˡŮǵӹѣ뾹ʦ˾
պɫˡ
ԭֻ˵һİŮǣǵü켫ƽĬϵ£׽ǵԿ֮ˣΨмĵ
˭һؾ֮Уǣ˸Ůӡ
⻹ġ
˻ΪѪˡǿߣŵһ۱㿴ʧԪ
˵ûʲôҪִ֮壬ԼĶԵ޹ݲŮ˼֮ף׵β
Ķӣʲô֮˶մȾģ
Ҳʶպŭ𼸺޷ѹơ
ԱߵĴʱȰһ䣺ƽϢŭӳˣǵŮҲ⡣
ҲǰŮɢޣɼȻʦϲƽֺαǿѣ
졣
պ߳ȣɨһϯϵˣŨصüᡣ
΢΢ʼ磬ǹһ˿޵Ц⣬治ٿڣߵĬĬΧۡ
ֻнɣȲҲдƽ̵ʣҲֻ䵭ҵ˽ƽ޹ء
պգòŵͳǽ֮á
ûмģûвͬ
Ŀǰİֻ൭Į䡣
պӷáꡯ죬ɵǰĶӣĶӡ
˱ۣòŽѹ£ƽ͵ڣã㲻ϲģ֮ʣĵܲӹµ֮Ůʵӣպ飿
ȰοĽǶ˵һ䣬԰գַŶ̾ҲΪĵܹҪĸ׼
΢٣죬ٿ΢򴽽ǣɫ˼֡
л˵
ƽ̣һִİײˣòҵһǿùȥİײˣûһԼҰײ˾ͱ˹ˣˣҲᵽǲǰײˣҪҿǲ߲˰ɣ
Ҳҡ
ƽ̣ʲô
˲ˣƽιȥˣ
٣˵һ䡮ζ治ô
ϵͳṷһ
٣ҲǡǸҪϲңܹܲ˰ɣ
#ҵԩ#
#ҵԩֶ#
#ҵԩʦ#
#ҵԩ׷#
#ҵԩּ#
#ҵԩ#
#٣ֻûԩ֣Ү#


22 ʲô
ûлش
ƽ̶ͻͻۣʵؼӲӷѣɼвֻӣȴ֪ʲô̬ȶԴ
С׽ʮϰദʽʲôĵĻҲԿڡ
ʵģŮӣ֪ǷŮ˸飬ֻ⻰Ϊƽ޷˵ڡ
ڳ֮Уֻзʼٸߡƽ̺ȫһϡ
ʲô˽ϱˡ֮Ķ˵Ĳ²⣬ʵǽҪҸˡ
ȻˣǱҪ𡯶ʱǲٳˡ
гţһô뵳ɾĬ̾һȰƽ̣չЩϼһﲻһʢ֮ʱһЩʱ䣬֮£Ǳ㲻Ҫˡ
պҲԸԼĶϵĻ˸̨ףĿµĽһϵϺԳƣ롣
ˣ´ӳ顣
΢ۣࣺȴؾҲˣ°ɡ
ǡ
ߵ룬Цһ񣬻˳
߳ſڣһĽٴοڣںδ
ɼʧ֮¶ӶӰ
ϴº΢ЦѯʣȴЦʦ֣㻹ǵϴҲǴ˴ؾ֮к˽⣬λشҵ𣿡
Ƚش㹴𴽽ǣֱˣҲûһۡ
ǺһЦ΢̧°ͣҲٿһۣŤͷߣй֮ˡ
ɫ䣬ü𣬲סٴε㣬ںδ
ͣŨɱ⡣
ЦŨƿֱֿۣηʦ֣ͬпǴôɱҲɣ
ѵܿԱ񣬷ٺ޲ʮȫλһ飬ֱе⵽˶㣬ƵҸҲǲУûа׳ԵͣʦӦײǡ
˵
ƺϵ˵ʲôδɫ䣬ȴԼࡣ
ټӦ֮ɫԶ׼⻰ֻ˵Ӧˣúú롣
΢°͵ҲΪʦֻ֣ҪֻҪʦִӦұ㸶Ľ
ûдϣż˵һ´ټ𣬲Ϊ
䵹ԳԸм꣬ԺԿüˡ
˵һϢ˵ڶ䣺ڶӴ˲ġ
ŮйأͬŮˡ
ٺؿͷЩ΢仯
ڿ϶Уٲںɴ߲СڣС㲻ʲô죬༸Ůϲôˣ
˵ԼҪЦΣʦӦұμ𡣡
ҲΪԭû׼ɱԼҲûʲôȤ˵֮ܿںδ
Ÿ֮У㡣
仰ֹ֪μô򵥣Ҳ˵˸ĹϵǼΪ׽ƶһ
ĿްڷٴЦУһҲδ࿴ܿת뿪ϴһȻˡ
վԭЦԶֱӰȫʧѰһȥ
·ϣϵͳЩǵôƭ᲻Щ̫ã
˭˵ƭ
΢΢üϯȥԶŵ𣿡
ϵͳԾ֮㵱Ҫȥ
û
ٻشƶѾˣһҲûʲôõģ׽ŮϲϯãҼĺܿͻ֣ᷢұȽܻӭҪףϲҫŮˣϲкܶˡ
ϵͳԶԡ
ô˵ûֵֹܾģ޶ǣิӵĸ
ֻһϵͳĸ˽ⲻ࣬Ҳ˵ǶԵİɡ
ϵͳڸгĬ
ڷͥת˸䣬ϵס
ŻڴеĴϱصʱλĿƵ˼ݲ衣
ڣϺͰٶ
Ҳƴǣ½ڴ϶£ЦϵĲǱȱһЩ
ѽ컬ġ
ô˵ȴʮֳ谮Ϊ˱裬УͰŮ޵¿޿ˣ켫һ콾Ҳ䡣
ٶ豭һڣȾЩǣʦΪˣҲ۵ģģպضӹʦá
ףǷĵġ
ЦаοЩϼһҲ֪ܻã켫ڵδע˵ģ֮ʣȴ̫ĮΪºͣõģպҲȻܴ켫µ۷壬ٶĪʧ
вˮ񣺡Ͻ̻塣
šȻº͵ˣȥɡ
Ż߳䣬뿪˴ϵľ
Զ֮ʶٹȻЦϼһ˼Ǻܺãλƽ̿ɾͲԶˣСһ뿿̳켫ǳ˵Ρ
ٺ޲ڱϲż꣬㺰˼ϼһҲ˼
ٹһ٣ͻȻͳСһ㻻һƺҴһż㣬Σ

붼ûҾͽ㰢бʶҰ
ٹ㺭ʱʵǷᣬνϰ߳ȻײǵһˣٹֻĬһϢǺЦСһȻ˸ȤЩ
л˵
#ҵʧϲǸ#
٣ô֤ϲģϲĶϲҡ


23 Ƿ
֮ԱǣҲǺЦǰпչҵ£úʲôõóֵĶҽףˣ֮˻ûأҿɲʲô׽󱲡
ڷٹ䣬ٽ֮Ժ󣬲ᡣ
صԼľٸµӣؾӻ֪Ȼ׼úһ
֮ǰؾеõ˲ٺöЩˣҲǸñչˡ
֡
ٲδ뽭Լʱ䣬ѡ˸Ŀʱ򣬺ʱ١
Χʮٰ׻ɸ˼Ȧλ÷ɽ㾲һźµĽ
ɫһƬֻһյ΢Ƶƻڰҡҷ΢ɫ
ǱŲתϹž޲Ȼ䵭֮
ûп˸ʮңңһʱ֮侹Щԡ
죬ýڡ
ɫǳ΢䣬˵΢
𡣡
ǸͨŮ䣬λӿƺ˼Ȫˮ˵峺֮УȾҲö
ûлӦҲûпֻŵյվԶҶĺ콫ɫӳյһƬůüҲ˼֡
֮غɫҶʱȫȻͬ
ǼûлӦ
Ĳ죬ȴ˵ѹȸС
𴽽΢û˺󣬿һ
ߵǰ֮һ֮ң̧֡
ʶ˱ܣȻŷͷûҪ˼ֻĶ
һö壬ʱµһö
ЩŪ˼룬ȥӣɽȴ˻ȥ
Ŀ΢ڿڣӺ⣿
Ƚش΢͵֮ΪȲѣӹԸһ㵱һն顣
ްЩ彭⣬Щ仯ƺһ˿
ö壬ü΢ʲôϵ
û뵽һʵ⣬ԳŵϯΣ֮䣬֮Ϊ
ţ
Ȼǡ
üͷһۣϯţҲðƽһͬؾûκ塣
⻰ҲʵȻڴ֮ǰҲû¶ס
ǽĽͣĬƬ̣Լ֮ĹϵʵΣһĬԣ죬ӺڰƺЩѣա
⻰ֻ˸ͷֹס˰Ҳû˵֮ǰҲ䣬ûôˣֱ˵£ɲأҶǳΣȲӱ࣬Ҳûô⣬ӲԿ
⻰ֱ̫ӣûֻ΢΢ʾûôƽŵƻһۣ֪ǲĴܾýĶɫЩ
Щֵ뷨ֵһûˣŽڳʣӻʲô𣿡
΢򣬡֪üġ
֪
Ȼͷ΢̾һԶķҶᡣ
ϯ׳־ݸ߹ġ
ƺЩ޷뷨üˣŸٴεĲеڶ¡
⻰ί˵
ȴȻ΢ЦЦ紺
ЦӴˣϲ𣿡
û뵽⣬ĿһŵûС
Ӳס
ĿһֻԸãҲһɢޣܰϯЩ£̫࣬ɼǼƽ̵ŮܴϯҪġ
֪ǲġ顯˽λӴǵĻȸƽˣ·ڿһ;֪Ů
ǳȻһЦʮȻҴעϯԵΣҶϣܳһԸӴˣעעξ죬עһһҲһҪ۵ˣԼҵĻˡ
ˣʵѾûʲô˵ˡ
οһȰˡ
ոʱߵģڣǷŭɢҲûô޸
Ͼһͬ̽أҲ໥֣֮ǼҲ
ֻдֻЩɡ
׵Ůӣ˵ϲٵĻ˽Ǿ÷ǵſ֮䲻϶Ůӣοлһġ
ֻĬ죬Ҳֻ˵˾䣺ٱԣƶʣкý
ѵõȰ롣
ɸȴȻЦҡҡͷƺĳЩУЦʵϯҲͬ˵ģˣʦֻЩСӣԲģҲᣬȹЩʱϯȥʦء
ֻһ¸ġȡͷٵġû뵽ֻȰһ̬ȶȻ˱仯
Ŀеİ벻ͬˡ
ڸŸ˵ν̸ʱƫͻȻʮƶһ켫ڡ
ʲô
һ㶡
ȴûٶͣӼᶨĸҪ㡣
ıһ±һ㶣˺üϢųɵӲƼˮꡭ
ֻǽûиǵĻᣬһƺҪץסŲơ
˲ٶ˵ʲôϵһףȾܡ
ƣǷ
л˵
ףԽԽס


24 ͨ
ԭҪͻʣôҲ벻Լ˵ľ仰ýı⡪÷ԭû뷨
ɴ˿ȻѲЩʱˡ
ڻްķУΨһĵյϨֻһƬʺڰ˶ߣıڡ
Ųɿ죬һ̲ܱͣ˼þϧδá
ֲֻʮٶȼ죬Լò˰ӱҪӳƬˡ
ɲ̫
켫ڵĵ̣ŵӣȻİˡǲһˣֻΪɸҲܸ켫ڡ
˼ˣܱѸʶеٹûʲô취˦
ٹȻܣαʱ
Ӧ˵Ļ˴ѧġ
Ļ֮ԱǣʮֲͷϻûУ浱ҷ㲻ɣ
ˣ˭ñ㡣
ٹ̾һЦҳҲٿ壬Ȼ˦
㵱ɵ
ڰз˸ۣ㡣
ٹ΢΢ҡͷ˾䡮ĲšŻ֮ǰǹǻ¡һһΣ˵û޷ϴ߶Ӱ컹ǿԵģֻҪôһ˿ͣ٣л뿪ߡ
΢ʱ¶Цݣô
Ҫ̫ãֻҪӰá
˼ˣæת߶һ˿֮
׷ĽȻ΢٣æֶ˼þλӰ־Σ
һ˲䣬ǰ𡯣ͬȥ֮ɫް裬ڵԷֱʵȥ
գۼ䣬ʧǰ
ͣ½Ųü΢壬ǰڰã֮֮ǰ븶˵ĵطյѾϨĵ
Ƿǳͨʽĸﶼ򵽣ֻе׹ŵһöԲƽۿЩͬ
һۣŵȥ
ص켫ڡͥشӭ
ʦ֡
еյӣƽ֮ͨһˡ

ʮȻһ²Žӹֵǣʦͨʲôˣ
һŮӡ
΢˲ʯשϰεضһ˴Сı񣬱ҲɼǸģ
ǵѼסӣֿڣܴˣ߿ɵ֮ر¼
΢ͣ٣һ䣺ʮڵӽЧ
ش˵ڶ仰ʱ㳤죬˿̸Ǿ㵲ѣ˵æȰʦ֣ǡ¼ƽͣǼΪѵõرʦֻǻһɡ
رģƽҪ֪ˣȻġ
ɽȴȻƽзִ硣
ȰʦҲٶ˵ʲôֻӦ£Ҫ뿪ʲôʦ֣Ůǣ
΢ȻЩ
𡣡
ǣȥͨ
شʦת뿪ѾЩĥ
ˣѹʦҪôرȥͨһŮӣԭλ˵д˼ʦĸɺö˶˵ʦΪҪͨҪǰѲǳˣŮӾϣ
˼ֻͷţҪµĸо
侹ܾܾʦ֣Ǳƽ֪ˣֻƽ̻ᲪȻŭǴʦУǺ¶Ҫˡ
ԽԽ÷شʦɫŲֿ˼֡
һߣò˦ͷĸں˺ôһȦҡһ䣬ɷٵģϢصš
ԼԺ£ûüȿڲ裬ͥԺš
΢üǣ
Żƿһλ̷ڷͥеŵӡ
ٶӣ˼̼ˮС¯ָԼ˱裬Ųѯʣ£
ŵӲ̧ͷȵڣɫصʦ֣ӷڷһͨ
ٶ豭ľٶһ٣ֲԤУɫһڣŵʲôͨ
ͨһŮӣóˡ¼Ϊ꣬ͨʮڣֻҪܽŮӴǰߣԿɵõرˣŮΪ𡯡
ȡ
ٲһڲһסԵĳ嶯ȻĮ֪ˣ°ɡ
ǡ
ʦܺܿ߳ͥԺ¹ˡ
ʦ뿪֮ԺԾٲ¶һķ˼
вɣá¼ͨң
һرޱȣʮֺƽһؾл˴󹦷ŵõԼĶӡ
Ҫ֪ⶫó񲻵ιȥ
ٹʶкǺЦ˵ͦ㣬Ϊֻʮ콾пɣԽߣȻиȥ㣬˭Ứʱȥ£Щĳδؿȼرͷͦġ
ǻֱӸҡ
ҧȱر
²豭ͥԺ˼ʵڹȥͣ½Ų˵ҪǸֻҪѡ¼ңҾͰѸø᲻ң
ٹЦ켫ˣСһǺҲҲһﾡõˡ
΢ĩΪϯӰλúף
ٺһͥԺⲽһڻѹסе뷨
ô֪вرͨˣˣֱӸ񲻸㣿
¶ıҲ飬߳ٸȥ
л˵
٣ѱңҰѸø

ӳ
٣Ʋ죩Ͳʲô֣ңһҲҵ𣬺ߣϯϡˣ
##
ƽ̣ѾԩˣҸԩֶϱǰɣ⻹һԩǰɣϱʲôҪħ֡
ƽ̵ԩֶӡ
ƽ̵ԩֶϱ
ƽ̶ӵԩС
ƽ̶ӵԩְĽߡ
ƽ̵ԩֶͷ/鷳ߡ
#һһ#
#켫ڣһ˲űĵط#


25 ħ
ڷͥٸ̫ԶٸֶУߵſڣ㿴˽̸
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26 Ĵ˵
¶޹֮ɫ ƽ죬޹أǸʶ ɲƼˮ֮ͨѣ ǽʦԡ¼ͨҲǲ֪ģ ŮӾܾʦֵ׷ ʦްɡ
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ҲǾ쵽Ŀ⣬΢΢̧ͷƽ¶һºЦݣ


27 ӵĸ鷢չ
պüͻͻ ޿κεĸоȻ
СĴڣȴԼϲö һ䵭ĮĶӣ ħһԼˣ Цƣ ȴơ
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˾ܿѶӡּգּ


28 
֡
֮ǰÿζҹ ͷһԼڰ磬ĺֺҹȻͬһ޼ʵĺڰҳ죬 ʮ
˴ֹһˣ λشλʦܣ λʦã ԸӵȺںС
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΢΢ͷûỺ˲٣˱á
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ʶܼ֪ǲһϵܣҲ
΢ʶĳλ˵ʲô𣿡
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첻Ϸǰɣ
ӣ㣬ʲôһʲôǰ𣿡
СһԽԽˡ
ٹ̾һΪתʦְѡ¼˷٣Ϊ˵õѹƽô
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ܣʦֱ࣬ϲˣ
˵ʦֱϾҲǸˣ˼İŮӣɫڻµͷϯҲ
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ʶ˺һӲŰ΢˿ʵУԱߵĽ
ǼϢȻҲ֪ˣǵĴûʲôȤԲᣬȴ޷ᡣ
ЦݣֱģСƽʱǲǶףҿʦʦԸҲǰ˵
˻һСͬ˵ģɸոջڴļشֹͣ˴׷׿ǣĿ͸顣
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ܸеģ޵·ֻԼһˣǺܼį
΢̾һ֪ʲô¶᣺Сߺ͹ѣ˫עҪٵǾ죬պȻҪֻʣһˣ̫¶ˡ
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⻰죬Էٵĸ飬˵Ҳûʲôֻƽûʲôһɲ䣬պı뷨ġ
ȻһЦԸɡȻΪ档
̸۷٣֮ͣ˻⣺Ļ֮˭̵ģ
ѧġ
ŴǿȻҲһЩ΢͵ʦ֮٣ҵĺطǴһؾеõ
Щɣ˵ǴΣϯҡ
治ɫӹٵĲ֣ڻ֮ʳŵϯֻʱж̣û̵ܹƽ˷츳һλڹҪҿԴȥݷ
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и˵ԵҵԵΪǿ󡣡
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ĺ⣬ҳģӡ
ü΢ԣЦȾһЩɬ֮⣬Ͼ٣ϯС
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ѵöĮЩӲ˶ռˣȴƫƫη߲ǰ޽ƣѵҪһգʲô
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ֻݵŻԱλʦʦá
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ĬãСʦϲҪǸ֪ƽ̣ʦ븶Ĺϵ֮Ҫʦŭ𣿡
Ǹʵʵ⣬漰ǰ;
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ƽ̣ǱϾǽʦµӣλԸ΢ʵ½ʦҲ״ŭӡ
ķΧһ·ǰ
Լһ֮һԭ
˴֮ȣܿߣŵӣҲɢޡ
ɽܴԭһ磬֮ǰû˴˿أ࿴ۡ
ȴ޺棬ʦ֮ȥ
˲Ƭ̣һˡ
׼ȷ˵Ҳˣ棬ܽе֡
Էһ۾Ϳǣûйע𣬶ǿ
ʦ֡
ʮŹϵ裬ܵ˵㲻رжԣΪӣ콾һʦ֡
˿̻˱һλ콾ͥġСۡ
ҲһλȽš
Է΢ЦֵʦҲΪݶ
Įʮ䵭ʦҪ
ԭΪʦöᱦ
۽ĿŲЦλǽʦֵʦðɣʲ
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Ŀһǲ⡣
ȸٻش߽ĮȻҵѣ𡣡
ԭǸǲ˼ңϴ
ۿ׵ĻȻһ뵽ʲôС𣿡
ûǴĻ֮ǰλӺԡ¼ͨһŮӣҪܣǽиɣ
ɿǰλܻԼǲǼǴˡ
Ṇ̀ЦûǴұ֮ǰͨǸ𡯡
ǡ𣿡
ЩΣǸԿʵˣֻͣһܿ¶ЦݣͥĺۣˣͬУʦַģұ㲻ˣҶſѵһۣҪʦֺúúȼǡ
Ц飬óģȴ΢΢üȻͬС
ĬĬƳı飬˶ûˮ뷨ȽܾЦԭǺعӣӣӦûҪЩʱȫ죬Ȼӵѣһۣ
΢ЦгĬûоֻܾĮ㡣
֣ǶԺ˵
̫ˣʦǵɣµЩþơ
ʮֿģԱһפȥﻹ˼ˣֻǹΣӦòŵӡ
ͥС㽻ѣӲݣǰΪǶﴫû뵽Ȼġ
Ըֵˣ콾ΪСܰ
и̾䣬¶ЦݣӿŲߵפ֮С
ҲΪ˼ЩЩߵӣü΢Цźǰ
λ켫شסֻëȻ
ʲôҲû˵ھĬи˽ȥ
ʱפز̫󣬲еĶУפȼһһǰҲյȣԼΧڻΧҲˣ޷߰׵ߣ۽ЦŻ֡
ʮػӦЩߣŽһ˽ܸǣ뼸λŲλø
켫ڵĽλɢЦЩȻ˵ӵ
ٹ⣬Сıǿˣٺɢ޹һأĮԼܻôһ񱣬Բ̫С
ȴԵʮȻһҲϵĳŪ·ߵԱߣǣȹǣϯضЦͬһů
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λش˲ŸѰλҲ£ȻЩ
Ҫͳɽˣ̶ֳȵİ˽˵ȫ⣬̾ûƬ̱Χɢ˵˻żλͥġСô䡣
Ψ߳Ĭţ˷·һ硣
ûпڣҲ׹ȥ
˵һ֮ƺʶ߻һλԴǵӣعͷ˽һۣЦӴˣ㿴֮ǰǲ˵úܶԣúúͬ˶˵˵˵಻ʲô£ҪڱЩ
ûпڣȻɫĮӳǶȼյĻ档
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֮ǰȷʵ˵ƵĻˣ֪ǵȱ֮ʲôҲǡ
Ӳ뿴Ļ档
ĬƬ̣˶дţɾš
ٲʲôˣҲδرһ˴ţ˭֪Ǽ٣
֪ģġ
΢΢һЦŻعͷͬЩɢ޺ͺ˵
ֻ཭λشĬԣ·ѩء
С½ŴǿǱһʵ̲סҲ̫ˣʦӵĻʦһߣȥЩɢ޻ǡС˵
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½߷߲ƽѵǺ۱ȵǽʦ֣ʦֹھʮ콾ǲ֪ô
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½ʦйĵģͬںͺ˵ʲô׽ĻѯʶԷΪԼ޵شϲϲʲô˽ѡһ콾Ϊʲô׾ȵȵȵȡ
˵ѾСܣһ֮һôֻСܣǱȻߵĶյĶڶ콾סͷݲС
С⣬ʺϳΪСܡ
Ҳˣ˼֡
ƫǡСҲˣеΪҲԿʺƣһڽ̸֮븶Ϊõĳ嶯
Աߣ׻ûĻֻʮֿĵȡҾ˵Ҫ븶һݡ
Įһֱû˵ֱһƵݵ˸ϣ죬ĿȣԼϵġѡмֺƣ׼һ
һִֻȡǺ롣
Ļȴ֣Щɻ
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ƣˮ̫ЩɫľˮմȾָ⣬ȴһҲûֻ΢üͷŸĮⲻʲôö
˵ˮȻʹƣģ˼ãЩĵɢ޾ϲھһʹһο顣
Ҫֶ
Ĳ֣ԭȵķΧͻһѾһĺ֮ЦŽͣӣֻǷľƣµģȲ
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һ΢΢ҧҧǣʵⲢʲôҲɢޣӳ߹󣬴Լ᲻߾һĿֻţɢޣҴǰҲżҲҪģΪƱӣĲˡ
ֲǸӣʲô飬ǽ˽ˣ
ĻվЩĿеЩֻüȻûиƽ
ҲҪ˵Щʲôղ֪οڡ
Ĭ죬´ӺĶƣ¶΢Цһס
Ƴ˽һۣû˵Ц𽥻ָƺֻص֮ǰҡȻݱѩص켫ش
˽ԾĬĬĬԼʦ΢üԭأãͷ뱻ԱߵĻƾˮĹǽ΢䣬յǣ΢ɣһڡ


29 ˰
ǿģ ζá
ǸʮƵˣŴ䣬ֶ
ⷲľƱҡɬࡣ
ֻһڱ㲻Ծüͷ
߸ȴź룬 һڰ룬 ˵˵ЦЦɫ
ƽؿ Ǹ顢Ůӣ ֱգ ʶ𲢲ô ˵ۡ
÷һ֮⣬ԵʲôᣬҲӦ ЩɢޡΪһİҲܺܿ˵ û˿ŮӵɬԳֺǱͨʡ
һڿƣʦʦǵǵĿз룬ûٺȣ ֻֿɬζȻζ١
Сʦ½΢΢򴽣 Ƴۻ̸ͬ˵صĸ Щ޷ޣʦ֣ʦ־òף Ǳ뿪ɡ
ǼһٹʦĮӡ
ɨһۣ һƽء
Ȼڸߣ û뿪
½죬 ˵Щʲô ϵĵĮʲôҲ˵ˣֻü÷ߺĿŸ𣬷·ҪϿ
ûע⵽ǵĿ⣬ֻν
µشĸûЩܵãǱȳͥһЩġСѡСûʶҳĲһʶ
͡Сĵ΢Ц˳Ƶһʵʹ죬֪ϻеˣƽﳣϯ̸콾Ϊ֪ܲ
ɫ΢٣üԴЩɻ󣺡ϯָ
δһʱ뵽٣Ϊ֪ٺͽϵãϤŮôҲͽһɣ
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ϯ٣
ʶԱߵĽֻӺ޲ݡ
΢΢ɣŵֺ죿
ĿԵûй˼ɽߣ̾ϯԸֻϯŮӣ˱Ҹʺ
ԭ鿪ʵʱ˹һ㣬ͽɨӣòŵ÷֣
š
΢Цͷ̬󷽣û˿١
ǡ۴ԼǴһ뽭ʦǣ
ֻѡ
仰˵赭дƽݡ
ƫԱ߽Ҳûһ㣬ԼĮȻٺȵ㡣
˵㲻ºͣ⻰ʵںУֻ̫ǡѡ
ڣһЦͷ޷ġ
ֿ뱻ӺһڵҾƣȲ𣿡
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«ܴ͸峺ʿԼʵľҺƿŵһʮȻǳɢζ
üᣬЦмεĳ磬ӹҺЩľǺȲߵģҲû˼ȫ𣬲ŵĲ
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Աߵĺۿ˵죬ֻ˵˶ûƿȴûãֻӣɬɫˡ
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΢򣬰ŵûС
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ĸ̣ȴۼԣֻеϲ⻹ʻͱĹľƣҶóԼѡɡ
˵ҪӽӽͶ
סֱֻһ˲Ų
Եͳ𣺡ء
ͣɨһۺۣݿҪ죬Ҳöˡ
ɫһǵıĿΪ½ʦöȡݣΪ˸Сܡ
棬Ǳ߼λشɫҲ̫ãͺ̸̬ͷã½ʦõҪǼ̶ɡ
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Цŵͷԭ˵ͬһȥᱦɲ֪Ϊʲô˿ȴûֻǶ࿴˸ۡ
Աߵ켫شЩסˣҲæȽֻ«Ŵӻѱվ
𴽽΢ԭȻƿҪǾҲû٣ɼȻԼӽУҲûС¡
֮ʱóԼĴѶɻûȵݸۣ㿴ԱߵĽɫĮһö׸СɫЩµĺãȻעж߰ɡ
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С֮Ժϵͳʲô˼ҪСܣ
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ϵͳƷЩŽͣǾŮбĴѶһİЩ̫ðɡ
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ʮּط˵һѶѣʲôˣôںҲС£ҸոպʱҲûܾٲзӦϵͳ϶ҵСܣ
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Ϊҵ۷ֻõ˵öԡ
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ԵɣȻ񾲣ȴԷ࣬أСһҪע⣬ǧٱˡ
ϵͳûסȰһ䣺ʵҲûôأǸСô۷ˣҿĿܺС
ǵȻűһͲദĶȵ忪ʣ
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һͻݵĺ㣬ȻǱ׽ģҪʱ̣һҵġ䡯ȥůСܡ
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Ҫ֪׼áȥůСܣֻƽ̶סҪŪ
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ԣȶݣ½ʦ츳ϧǽҡ
½ⲻҡҪ÷ȥ˼ϵͳͷƤ顣
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뿪Сפأ˴ԼСʱ߽֮ȡ
ݿҪ죬ƮɢܱԤᱦ˲٣ԻĮĿΧˡ
ۼϳǡ
켫ش
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ƺԤʾݼϾɽǿΪ𣬵ԾвѡϷ켫ڵǿҲ˵ضᱦ˿ϰ٣ˮδɡ
ûʲô飬شҲɫɢޱˣر
Ǹɨһۣսӣβ˵䣿㣬Ȼв˻ѡȥ
ûش½ʦѾԴư뵣ģЩ˲Ϊ塣
ûʲôȤɢ޴򽻵
һۣδĻʲôҲûķֻ΢Цҡͷ϶ҧ켫ڵĵλȻԸ飬Ȼøٵñֺαشۣ⡣
½ĻЩޣ˵ЩʲôȴûᣬתͷΧɢޣθЦλ켫ڷʦ뽭ʦȡã֪λɷӣ
󲿷˳ĬҲüݸƾʵȡãѵ켫ڱ˰Ե
Ŷ
ˣЦȻ紺λĵеùʦ֣ǵеùʦ֣ΪΪʳ켫Ȼ˰ԵɸλҲҪвǣ޵ףȴǳ¡
ºͣ˵Ļȴâ֡
˳Ĭһӣվûٿڡ
¶ʺѹ֣ЦЦֵŵرǿ޵һɽȻٺòˣҼΪ˳ȣѰȥ켫ڰʦ£ֻҪͨʦֵĿ飬ҲƸΪŵӡ
˵ɨһˣظȽԿɣҲǽøҵһЩССôΣ
⻰Ǳ֮ǰ⶯
Ϊŵӣ߳˼롣
˳ʣ˻Ϊ棿
Ȼ֮ԣǷʦ֮⣬ҵŴӲԶš
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Ѹ뿪ģǼ׼ȥ켫ԡ
һŵ뿪˲˴룬켫ڵҲԶᱦȥһͨλʦֵĿأյһΣ󲿷յĶûʲô޵ˣЩ޵·߼ûС
ʣµЩ֪ҪҪᱦǻˮ㣬ˮˣ˭ܵеù
ľٶλشһãСϯ
ͷʦգ۾ѵЩƤЦӯӯҲӲԸΪմȾ鷳ǱϯͷˣҲڴ˴ʱЩʱãϯġ
ģֻȥһЩݣոȷʵ˸оÿռСܣǲţҲҪһЩˣЩɢ˵˫Ӯĺ¡
Զ٣ֿ½⣺½ʦãݿҪˣҲٶᣬ׼ժɡ
»ЦĴ㿴½ɫһ
½ʦ΢΢ҧҧǣֵܾıС
ռ˷ϯıˣͷⱾҲǱ⣬񷴵Ƿĸоǵˣ˵ʲô
½ʦò֪ǿ顯ֻǾЩ
Ĭ֮УɫƵشӽӽóһֻкһѺСذףֻúժɡ
վδֻʦͬһߵɢǰŲժʱͻȻ֡
ΧϷ˴̫٣Ҳû˸ҵͷ
𲻳ϵЦЦǲժ꣬ŷ߽΢Щ
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ֱû˵ĮȻһֻӭȢģΪģҲ顣
ʦʦôԼøΪݣȴֶߣ⻰δȫΪ˶ݷ㣬ֻҲΪǷ١
ô˵ɫ΢
һ̾˵δֻģ֮ᶨô׸ıģҹΪϯЩ£ϰ߳ȻʧȴҲ޿κΡ
˼ϢſڣҲδʧ
֪ˣȻ׼ֻǸٵ̬ȣٴ̬ȽȻܾͬвϲ
֮ˣ֮䡣
漰٣Եͳֱ½ʦȡݻŻһЩ
½ȻԸ˴Լʦв̫ţ˿̵ݣʮַҪ̲ס¶ĵЦݣмлʦ֡
޲ﵭĮлҡ
Ǽ仰ã󷴶ûʲô˵ǿԼҲ⣬ֵú塣
½ɫһɨ񾲵ףЩл
ÿҶѡ
ȻһЦݣѯʣ˴ζᱦʮ˳׼̻ڻһЩʱգ
ûʲôƻ˱ͿԻȥ뵽ʲôͻȻı⡣
һʱա
ּʦʦɫ죬ǿȻȥ
У
½ʶԣȫʦֺ͸𵥶һᷢʲôʦܺһǣŮ˵ж
΢΢˶½Ŀ⼱еʦ֣ģһʱҲá
˴ԼҲ˼ȥֻ֮Ҫƽ̵ŭ
ϲ۵ˣԼô˵ü΢壬䵭㡣
𷴶ˣ뽭жҲãʦʦһҲãûʲôϵ˾ҲЦȥĶ
λش۰ͰͶӡ
΢ȥγǡ
˼壬طиá֣һ֮йصĵطΪǡȴӴޱȣ˾סεڹʱĶϱڲԫ֮Уǻ֮ϲ֮أΪεһֽСʯĶĺö
ڼλʦʦЩֵıٴοڣǶȡݣ˽˵Ҳ޴ôǰһЩʯ
⻰ǹƽʵϵ˵֮λشЩɫ
ʯô߽׵飬֮ΪܣһСܱ˿޵ܣ˵һЩʯˣһŶô죬ҪԼϢй¶ڻС
֪ʦȥγǣȥƽŭء
ɫ̫ã΢䣺ģֻ㣬ȴԸˣִ˷޵а߽֣֮˴Ҳһᣬ鷳ȥǡ
λشæҡͷϣ¶ɫ
ʦֵĽ̵ҲΪ룬ȡʯ㣣ǲҷ
ֻиЦ񾲣ĹЦ
Ķϵͳ˵ɵ˰ɣȻҪҴ򡮻ʯЦԼȥ򶼾ü֣㿴ʦʦǣˣȻǸ飬һҲ¼
ϵͳĬһӣŵɵֻǶ˲˵ĸ飬ŷǸԼã˳ʦʦȫأ

ЦȻһͣ
Ĭ֮ߵܣˣ㿴űʲô˵ĸ飿ɵͷë޶ײ޶
ϵͳԡ
ȷĿ꣬شҲҶ˵ʲôʦٴó󣬼˳Ĭ̤ϣ׼ıĿĵأγǶȥ
;УȻڸߡ
Ĭ죬ڸЩ˯ʱͻȻߴͷʮ
Ƕ仨𣿡
ѣʶ˾䣺ʲô
о߶ȻһɫޱȣҲ·˱żû㣿
ŷӦʵʲôͻȻһ£¶Ȼı飬Ѹٵͷ˵ġ
죬ͻȻ㲢δݡ
֪λش
£õȻηã޵Ĳǻ֮ǷϵطƽҲԷݵΪݲãꡮżȷʵĽӽС
ɶԸ֮˵ⲻϳ
ڸŽʹǣֵǲǸûݣ͸˼ģ
΢㶣ͷͻԶе졣
ϣеҲûô޵ĵزɣװ뵽ʲô̶ˣ
һǲýΪʲôȴˡ
ʭӶ˲ԥ󣬹¶Ŀ⣬ʲôҲû˵ֻһ̾Ĭϡ
ѾͷˣôνɣǸ
ɫˡ
ɾڸΪῪʱȴϵıͻȻˣƽ
δȻŭֻǵ֪ˡ
ΪٴǰľٶޣѾ죬ܹƽܣԼٵġС͸ġ;ŮѾٹ̣νϰ߳Ȼ
Ҳ֪ǺûǲãģԼ´ʲôҲڷͥ֡
žϰˣھͺϰԷٵĳĲģΪϯ롣
Ҳͦõġ
˼룬ֻάЩĿ⣬ʵ򷢴ͬߵĽһ˳Ĭ
һ·ϺƽҪȥγǴ򡮻ʯĴλشǳû˽ﴫ
ֱͣһ޴Ĺųſڣǰ޴󡢺ΰĶϱڲԫ˲»
ʦ󣬼ʦܺʦǶ¶棬ȵ˵ؿţлŵУͬ켫ڹϵһ㣬ҪСġ
űڣʱıָΣա
š
λش֮ǰû˴ʦѣԵ˵ͷϡ
ʲôҲû˵ֻһ䣺ŵưСġ
ʮҲǸʮصţΪŮӾӶ࣬ΪǴ಻ϲԼ֮ǿˣҲϲԼŮӡš
Ȼòڸȴʮ֮ΨһһΪ̵ţһӣ̾ͻʦ鷳Ҳɽܶ˲Ըǻŵԭ
ȻԻŵŮǴ֮ɫ䣬ûʲôоǷʱŵϯһλԸᡢò毺õŮӣоֹʮ£øС
ʵûôѽѷϡ
ֱγǣйĲݵĳ֣û飬ȿһдǳɫɴȹŮӡ
ԼˣǳɫɴȹͷԱΪڷ죬ഺһ˸Щ졣
ϴʮڴʱӦǸŻϯһλشʦá
λʦѾûʲô̫ӡΨһǵõıǼλʦöʮš֪ԡǳᡣ
˿̼Ϥף켫ڼλʶüͷر½⣬Ҫܿŵˣ뿴ЩŮ˵
ֻǲƵȺиλشʦñ˹
ϴĲͬλʦɫҲֻ̫ǵ켫ڵӣ
ʶҲûϳ켫ڵӡ
ȻشֻʦּǰǿЦЦǻŵʦɣ켫ش
ŵɫû˿ͻĿ½ʦӹͣڸϡ
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⻰ЩԾһѯʣʦϯϤ𣿡
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ŮưʦǷϯδĵ£˵첻Ϥ

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ʦǷϯδĵ£ô֪
Ŀ̫ԣŮֵʦʾѣòǣʲôĺöˣϴϯ棬ϯʦ磬õŮӣȻʶϯȴ֪ʦ㣬ҲֻǷ֮
ȷʵ紫жԻŵӵһʧ񣬸ȴû˼һ㡣
ĿԽãȻ
ûǴĻʱֻǿһŵϯᣬһ׻ȷ˵ģ
ĮȻŮĿưΨüͷЩ䣺ʦҲв岻Ĺϵ
ŮЩɲ⣬ȻͨشԲõʲô岻ϯʦһԣ˵СһЩ
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Ůŭɫ𣬸֪Ũغ⣬ͫһǽ
Ų˵ʲôû֣̿תߣŵӷ뿪
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ųĬԼʲôͳУòԻЩֻͬģŵӴԼֻԶﴫ
˵ʮ٣ɴ˿̣ȴοһ䡣
ʵͦ˵ģֻǼģò¶Щˣ΢΢򴽣͵͵ģӣû¡
üһϢͣٺˣڴ˴Ϣһ
ʦʦã䵭ࣺȿʼȥѰ顣
ڷٺͻϯûлعĵشɫ΢ɫǣʦ֡
ɢܿʧټĻγС
򾲾վڸߣֱĬƬ̣ͻȻסֱۣߵԱ߶ѵʯש¡
ԼǺٰοˣЩӲ
츳ѣȷٲúΪ㣬պѵǡ
л˵
ʦʦã֪ˣԶңֻװ
ʲôǸŮϲңô֪棩
ģΪԺǸ黨ǲݵС˽񱣩
𣺣ܣõĺõġģҵȥϵһ£Ů
#Ůܣ˵ԩ#


30 Ұ
İοûôϣ һʱע⵽ǿѵʯשЩĺۼ
˵²Ⱦ˳ǵĳλӺнɣĿʯשͦ
ĸ̣źۼܿһЩ Ըɾλϣ ĵӣû¡
ֻοûµӡ
ü΢ Լ·ģ ӹúá
Ĭڸߣ ڼžͬһ𾲾ǰ档
ʵѾԺĿˡ
ãϵͳ ŵϯʲôţ
ϵͳЩͷۣȴʵ顣
ԣ飬 һǸŮ֣ ҲÿԸҲãᣬϧˣôǼƽ̵ŮأҾȻҲûס 
̾һ ź ֻȻѹסеĻ졣
ϵͳ̾˿ͳΪ㵱ʱ̫Զˣ޷ƽ֮λ ޵ǻ֮ ͸ĵغˣ Ǹ͵ߣ ã 㵱ʱûʾá
Ҳǡ
һЩֻһϢ΢ʱҲ֪ϲҰҲǣô˵֪ϲңȻ̫ҵ󣬵һԸůġ
⻰رĳЩнֻ̤ʱķԡ
ϵͳֻۣΪϵͳ޷ֹҵ׷˼ҵϵͳͱϵͳһԼҪ̫š
ҵܻǻֱӱĳ
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һ˵һͨżôﲻ
ٹ̾Ϣʶΰס˵ˣŮϲ㣬Եʮֿ⣿ѵϯֵ⼸û
Ȼ䣬仰˵Щ
Էϯ棬ôȥ˵ҺϲϲϯҪϯ棬һŮ׾
ţ˵ҲеȫΪǹһ⣿һȥִ֪콾ҪһΪֻᣬصͷɽ
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ʯԺٴŮȴɹ
˼£ͷڱϾĬԵĽ΢˼뿪ڣͷͻȻתߣġ
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˼¶һ˿ЦҡҡͷҲһϲӱܵˣֱʹ࣬ȴվҪģӣ㲻عڵңʵϯҲϯѴѴ㣬ҲվǴĮ飬ұߣĪھǰС
⻰˵û˿ǿǿЩ
üʼЩᣬ˵˵ԵվҲֻܸһЩ΢İ߳ġ֮ĹϵȻҪԼ
ûȰֻھĬƽǱռһЩʯ
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ò˵켫شЩʵϣȻλشλʱɫ·˵һѿٶһŻʯߵٶɢҲϲϵġ
ʯϽ½Žʦ˳ֽ˸ĸоȴѾû˳ۣ½ʦÿߵʦ֣뻻ط
ֱ̫ˡ
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߿ǿʵ߳Ĺأ¾˵֡ظһСʱ顣
ÿԱûбˣû˼ⶪһĻ
Ϊ̤޵ҹΪشҪһ䡮ӡĸ߽˵ֱɱܡ
ȴֶҲûС
Ŀ䵭Ϊþ޷ƣοպħ½⣬ʦ̫簮ڴ˴ȡʮöʯ뿪
½ʦáۡһͿˣ̶ûס
ҲҪҲ
ʦּ״οʦãˣҰ㡪
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Ӳֹ½⣬ҲЩˡ
ѪⲫɱҲɱҪãҪЩþֹĵ־Ķ߳ܡ
ˣĻɣٲԸҲ˿Υ
Ϣһָ½ʦûǱ߼ȥʯˡ
ԭɫĬްɿʵЩ̲ס¶ǳ΢ЦڼλʦʦԶȥıӰжԽԭҲ̵ܻʦʦá
ɫ޲ֻĮȻŵ츳ϼѣȴʧ˺ֻܶҪĥѣ̱Ϊһǿߡ
ɢҲȲŵԭ
Կ־½⣬ֻҪһأδͬΪһλǿߡ
΢Цŵͷ̾Ϊֻϯʶһ㣬߹ٹȴҲ
ͼһǧ谮󣬴߸ϣֻᣬǫ顢ʶһ㣬ĺܲˡ
Щ̾ͷδռɣеŵġ
δĿ佱κԵãֻǰĶϱڲԫãҲȥ
ȻȻҪ룬֮ǰǸʹ࣬Ȼûȴ˼
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ܵáȻٶȲ̫»ÿ¾ͷʲô뻯
һۣ߽ĲݵĲԫ֮С
ƶٶȺܿ죬Ҫɱȵס
˴Լһӣɹסһֻ飬ʰ͸״΢΢⣬ֻţ˫ֵλȴԴ룬ֱߣ˵ģȴྶͥˡ
ʩ˸˵󷨽Χסָ˸ǰɢһ͸֡
ҲߣԼΪЧδֻ֣Ÿ֮ս
ӹʱֹͬˡ
𲻻Ųæ΢âһ㱡סԼǰЩٵģ
ǰȴûκξٶֻӣް䣬һ̶
Ǹû͵˼ۣ㿴ĳЩһСĽ켫ƽദʱģгϡŵദʱĻ棬Լƽ̷Եס
Լȷʵٹ˵켫ƽȻ뽭ϵ̫ãȴӣ໭СʱĽں֮طʱɪɪ켫ƽȴһĮվ߿
żƽѵĻ档
࿴ۣĵѹֽϵãƽܰСʱñԼӣڿɲҪ쿴Լӵı
ĮģǺѧġ
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һκͷ۵м棬Цŵͷ˵ǣҲãҲգȨơ棬ֻ˭˲ֻպǼۣ֮ҲܵõԼҪĶ
Ų΢ͣͷһۣȻƽ
ֻƺͳЩŴǵۣ֮ܵõԼҪһ𣿡
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ЩĽŲΪô˵
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΢΢죬ЦŶԽ˵½ʦãʲôˣ
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ۣͻȻһԴӺĽ㻹Ǳˡ
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½ɫǺ죬ȴЩãȻȻ˻þǻþֵСʱ˯ڳȵϣϸϸˮ˳£ʪһС档
ˡ
СӲż򴲺֪Լ羴ʦֿһĻڶԿеĿ־塪Ҳ򴲣ֻߵú޲õĨ˲ӡ
Ƿ˿ӵˣĸӻ򴲣
δĻͷ뿪ֻĮһۣû˿죬ҲûκγЦֻڿµɱ
½ȥһأħ
ٴοһЩƲסЦ⡣
˭ħҪҲͦͦ׵ģͷ¹ȻǲԻС
һۣǿϵЦ⣬ΪȻʱö١
Цһ̧ͷӣĬ˼룬Цݣͷ˵öԣħ࣬ȥƽ
ͣٺ뿪ɣ½ʦƽ㣬Ǳ֪ĵĿ־壬ֻûħҲҪħˡ
Ȼƽͷ֮ء
һ뿪ֻǰֿ½ʦõֿģָڵסǣȥһ˿Ц⡣
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ִ˼Żʯͽص֮ǰϢĵطԼңλʦʦ½Ϣ
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½ɫɥ۽ƺЩۣɼֿʮࡣ
͵͵ƳһۣŶǱʦõ뷨ͣŹе½ʦãû°ɣ
½Աߵʯש£ҲںǷ·ȾϿ֮еʦ֣Ŀֿסˣ㣬һһ֮ذɡ
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ޡֻǺͽʦʦõķͬѣֲ˭ʺİ취֪µжమңŲǽܱȵġ
ȾѪܿû䣬Сһ̫ºͿɲʲô£걾ѵµӶƵķʽɱʤΪ
ٹҲȰ룬ֻ졣
㻹˼˵һħʲôӵķŲȰˡ
֮ɫңҾͺͽһֱֲֿ־壬ڿ־ҵң㲻ᱻ־
ŶٹЦֻ
һһδȻʶֻҪԼںЩأɱֻøǿ󡣡

ٹĬһϢ̾ҹȻû㣬ͷݶˡ
ʲôкݶˣݲˣⶼΪʦʦǺã龫ô̵Сѣ𣿡
ĻУٹЦ⣺Լ־壬Ҳˣ
ҸֵͼĿ־С޲ֻҪҲ⣬ľֻǱˣͳһɽ죬ף˵СʱڶΣ˭Ҷ˵һ֣
ƽԵٹֻһߣøſҡ٣վһͳһɽ磬ڸףپ壬˭ʱֻҡ
⻰ʵ̫ǿٹĬһЩİУ͵Цãҵſһ쵽
л˵
㲻Ϊֹ
ҪһΣҼΧۣҪ֮ͻᷢʲôٴ㡣
½ʦãħħء
ٹƣȤ


31 ֵһļ
ˣ һ쵽Ҳҵģûϵ
¾־תһգ СͰ͵ͬ˵հżԻȥɣ 򲻿ܷҵٹġ
š
ٹһ˿ûˣʮַܵ˼ ӹ⣺ЩҲᣬ û һ֮ļʦìô죿
һ٣ ˼һŵǲҪǵ顣
ԵȻĸΪߵŮԴ׶ͷۣⲻӦԼ𣿡
⻰ٹԶԡ
ã̾ Ϸ̫ˣ ħġ
˭׼𣿡̶ҷϯ
ֻڸףκ漰ݼϡֶʮûϣҲǸ𵱳Ҫзٵԭ
ȻҲ׼ٹô
ҾŸСٹȾЩ޹ һЦ Ҳ𴽽ǣ ЦҺΣ
ޣҵţ֣һȥŪ㣡
ʶкٹ׺ݵضһӣ ùѪͷȫʤ Ż עŵʵС
½ʦûںޣ ʦֺ밲οο ɽĮ˲ҿڡ
һ⣬С·Ҫһߣ˭Ҳ޷һͣ½ʦ࣬ɡ
Ȱ˵ôЩôĮ֮󿪿ڣ֮󣬶ÿ¶˴죬Ļþвսʤ㲻Ϊ켫شӣһⷨϽǴţЧȡ
½ʦڣشӽ¶̿ɫܿ㹧ʦ֮
õȴһƬͬҪҪŬȻˣĳڰ䣬Ϊһg۵ĳ֮ǰ֮ܵѹǴѹִ֮Щϵ֮⣬ҲΪӵ
סΪŵӣɽǿʳ۸˴ΪСˡ߳Ҳĵһ֡
ԳͥҵΪӻںܶųУҲǱµһ֡
̵ʦʦһ䣬ϵɫȴһЩָĮȻ״æǸõ£ˣչ󣬱ȻŰɡ
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ٵĮͷһ䣺Ī˵ʲô
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ٹЦСһʲôΪǳǺεȵϱʶǿƽ̻ǼܿЩʲô˰ɡ
⻰پͲˣߵʮӶʮĪϯһҪ㡣
㿪ľͺã𡣡
ΪᣬڷٶзƵĻŭ֣
ٹȻԼĳƺЦЦ㻹һ
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˦ʶȥʶڵƬʶʵʵ侲ȱϯ㣬㻹𡣡
ʱٹٿǰȻЩֵ̿Īʦܡ
ûʲôҲˣȷʵ⣬㲻Ҳ˴
˼Ī˴쳣δ壬סڴ˵ΣգһΪѰһס
ĪʦЩҿԷʦ֣ʦ̴ֵӵӣʦֶȻҲҪ˶˲赹ˮɨԺӡ
е㱻ĻסλʦĿУ䣬ѵΪ켫ڵӣи˲赹ˮһŵӸʦشܸΪ
ĪѸȥѵЩѹصͷСҲʦ
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һ̣ʦֽŵסִͥסȳٰסڷͥߡ
ĪɫĴ΢ɫ˼֣ͷ̬΢ӵȥлʦ֣Ҷʦֽ̻壬˿Υ
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ٰҡͷٶ˵ʲôֻԵͷɡ
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ĪݵĮĿȴڰ޲ֻɱ֮ˣֻɱʦֲ֮ˣҲɱ޹
ЦΪ·ʦл޹Īѻزȥˣ
ĪսͷԼĽż⣬ϵЬӷߵüˣմһЩˣ΢۹ۣϣһʦ׹ħûɱ޹ķϣܹҪô
ûô

ʶЦڼ·ڳЦֵһļ֡


32 ϯ
Īʦܵ飬 ֽͨϣǰȥ̽һŻԼľٸ
Ϣ˰죬 ڶգ ȥݷִͥ£Էڽհһ۵磬 㷢 콾ۡ
Ϊͷӣ ŵſ۵һܳ£ ˶ã˵ŴһӺߣ 
켫شٰܾ۵֮磬 ֻ˲βһ۵ŻһӦеֻҪִͥ˵һ̾ͻ˰á
ȻǷȴû ǶľԼˡ
ٲĻᶪ ҪĿǸλϯһĻᣬ ˳㿴ûλʦðԼ˵ܸʦһЩ̼һá
ִͥҪԵЩȣ ϯ¹ţ ƽ޹ʹ콾 Ҫ˵ֻǼ򵥵۵ ǲŵġ
û׼һϵ
ִǺҪ ΢Цִͥת˸߲㱨ȥ
һУͻȻԼھ֮˼СܣѯµӣЩǰ켫ڣ˵ܷϯʱڱչأʦܾͽЩ˰ŵִԺס
ţȥ
ûܼ켫ڵģЩôռӣǸˣûм츳ֵȥһ档
ִԺ켫켸ϤӰ
бпɵˡ
˼Ϊ֮ˣʦߣٰЩ˶򷢳ȥֻˡ
ִԺЩ谵СķڣݵĮǰɫŽӣڵ䣬֡
ǴδӴϯЩţҲܵͳƺɰʮ
ʮ
Щ󣬳ŵӵޣΪпɣҪǣپһɺݾŵȫȻͬĺݾСѡִ֮ٵСܡ
룬̫󣬲ϯ˲ţұһᡣ
Զ٣ȻĮպһһ۵֮磬콾ۣش֮УҶҪ󲻸ߣʱѡһˣгŹʮУұΪŵӡ
Ҫ˵ż򵥣ʵʮֿ̡
߶ܷشгŹʮУҪеٮٮ߲һɢ޶ԣ̫̫ѡ
ǰĹֻ΢ЩɳƵΪţʲôô
ЦϲҰġ׷ˡ
ΪţܵõϯͣΣ
ǰ˲סϯ͡жأܴٺôŤͷߣΪ̫޷߳Զ
ڹûɡϯ͡΢һ
ã͵ϯˣδȻܴһƬء
ֻǵʹͷδͱ¶ʲôر
ٿһͻȻ̧ͷҿ㳤ʲô
¶С֪Сܵĳࡣ
һƺû뵽Ҫ󣬵ԥǻ̧ͷ
ϸһۣʵͦģ֮⿪˧ͬޱ߷˿ЩңóЩߡüǴһСָİ̺ۺұüۣӺ
ȻЩƻ࣬Ҳ
šٵͷԼ񲻴Ǳ̫ˣԺţʦֵܣĮЦһ
ֱӽˡ
ȡϵͳʱѣһСܶѣûҪ
ʲôûҪǿϼѣܹҵĿ飬ҪΪһ죬ԼСҲǱ޿ΣôĹСܣǶƽһһġ
дʣԼҪǳ
ϵͳٴЩۣȻûʡ
˻ȻӲ΢΢üôҵҪܹ𣿡
ĴߴЧõĳĬǿǣߴǣϹ¶һӲŵЦݣ˷ǰĳֽСС󡯵Ķ

ͻȻЩСˡ
΢Ĭٿڣܺãȴ֮Ŀɡ
˷ڣת뿪ֻɫӲĹıӰԶȥлԼǲѾλϯųˡ
뿪ִԺķٷϵͳ²ۣҾҪСܣ֮ӻõҪǸĪʦܸŮһߣòҵʵģ츳ҲпɣЦҵүûңҲѿ
ϵͳ²ԶԣòŰοЦҲûʲôӳȡ
ôУôҵСҲúҿɣ
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׿С£׼ȥճݷôϡ
̤볤Ǿסü΢壬ӽӽóһǳɫ
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Ǻһ
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˽һ䣬ٳ΢˼ӡּЩʱ£޷ǰ
⴫Ѷȥٲ˿ϵԺߡ
ߵԺſڣӽдѶ
Ųͣ£û߽ԺӣؼڽóµĻظ
ʲô£ҿ԰㡣
üͷٴ𣬸ܾͻȻʲô΢ͣд£Щ£ӷӿɷƽ̷ҪЩܡ
ܿʲôĻܡ
ٰҪ֪ȻںУԼȥȡ
С²ʲô񣬽ܿӦʣ˵ƽ̷ɹһЩʱһ
ͷ꣬ٲŰĵذѴѶ
ϵͳЩ棺Ҫʲô
Ȼˡ
붼ûϲʱһ㡣
ϵͳЩȻҪı׷Ķ󣬱飿
ǵûУ˼ҲԶңְңܵñʾһ°ɣ֪ģҶŮǻ鲻Խᡣ

ϵͳʱںĸо
ȴ죬Ц߽ϵԺӣճİݷá
ӴԺӺ⿪ʶвıݣٹЦܿ촫
Сһʲô鷳ˣ
Էʵ˽⣬ûѿ࣬⿪ϡ
ϣºֻͣǵ㣬𣿡
ΪͻȻ
Ұѡżɵ
ٹ΢΢üżֱӷñɣЧ˶٣αضһ٣
㶮ʲô
΢պ۵֮磬һŸ顣

ٹĬһŵǸ档
©Ʋĵ䷶
Ψ봺ⲻɹϴжӡ
һҲδı䣬ھǡϲٹش׷һ䣺㵽׻᲻᣿ɴ㡣
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Ҫڣٹ˵֮ǰȵȥ켫ƽҲ壬Ϊ
ǰѻ˵ˣ죬ԾĬһϢŵ˵
ʲô뷨Ҫô漰ҲǲܸһôЩʱȷʵеô
ô˵ٹƬ̣Լ롮ô֮Цƺ
ҲȻܾ
ٹּۻһ㣬Ҳ⣬ǱԺ㡮ˡ
Ųھȥƽ̡
ҲҲУǽ㲻ʶ׼ҡ֡
ǿУٿһ£ͷԣҰѡżɵҩҪƷߵ֡
Ϊѱ
ٹ̾ϢЦһô˵ȴԵùΪѵӣ̾ɲǸ򵥵£Ѱõطɣ⻹ҪһЩģҿûƾձ
򵥣ȥҩ԰һһЩͺˡ
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ٹĬԣֱ˵еλϹǿͻȻı˴ݵˣ㻹ǰѱɣˡ
١һЩⶼᰡ㲻ϹϹͣ
ٹȣСһܰŮ˵ıºƵıٷЩ޵ϣǿ
㲻Ͳ ôеûʲô
ٶǺԼΪ˳Ƕ֮£λӡһֱ̫á
ٹĬƬ̣侲ܣͨϵ߲ʰ۰ˡ
Ǻãٰ鱦ӡ
ٲδ仰ŭô˵

ٹȥŮޣñΪ鱦
κûɵУͲԼ㴫֮Լ
ٹЩˡ
СһŮʲôǼʦÿҲ˰ɣ
㲻
Щĳ֪һõζԲҲʹ࣬ܺһЩͶһЩɡ

ٹԡ
һֱڷʶʶԸʦʦĲߡ
ҲĿģٰٹгĵӣȥҩ԰һЩݣȻڶʦʦǾĿʩʩȻš
ڸɽѰ˸ȻܶĶ¯óܶУŵˣ׼ô˵ˣҪ˵ʲôʱִҵ֮ĻԱˡ
ٹЦһûҪ֮Ļ
ٸоüһһâü仺ڻ谵ܶϤģ
ѩ׳أ˳ȾüɫԵø߹ºͣٹŰ͸Ȼؾ춯أȻʧɫ
˿ЦЩƻº͵ʡ
ĬĬһٴͬϵͳ´ңҲˡ
ϵͳͳ´һ㡣
š
ѹЩСʡ
ٹ͸׿ЦԵºֳ硣
Сһ㰴ҵָʾȽЩݷֺ࣬ĥ
üͷ΢壬̯̯͸˫֣ǻ״̬Ȼǿ󣬿ܲһЩ°ɣֻơ
⻰ҲЩٳƬ̣ߵЩǰٹָʾƵҩǰ׼
ٹҲڲһ߶һ˳ƴһЩ֪ʶȷٰǰõ¶ˣվһߣ˫֣һָֻڵ¯֮ϣһֻȡЩѾĥõݾһһ뵤¯С
żŽȥġ
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ٱΪҪϼʱɲӣ㿴ٹƣ¯ϵ΢ʧɵˡ
ٿ첽ߵ¯ԣͺˣ㲻ڲҰɣҿųҪʱ
ٹɫݸ˸Լ䣬¶һ˿֮ɫ
Щĩѧ뱾ȣ޳еʣʵķʽһʶԽǿԽܾϸٿأھ壬ʱɽԶܱȣЩϸЬ䡣
˵⻰Щ¯ҩǰƺҲЩ˵
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ҪǾżĵҩȴͬ
ٹҲûһֻۣ赭дɼСһռˣⵤҩϹŵãû˻ˡ
ЩŰɣҲûֻߣ쵱굱ģҲŲţǱϯʱĶˡⵤҩû˵ЧԾ֪ˡ
¯ҩһţһŸ飬Լš
˵ҩ֮ЧºЩҲ³ײԼԭϰķϵطⵤ¯ϥ£һŵҩ
׽˼£˼ٹ˵ⵤҩѳԡ
õĽڣٹܳۡ
СûĵһòҲ
ܿپû˼ͬˡ
ǵҩ֮󣬻һл֮תϢҲ
ͬʱǰӣֳĲֻͬС
õϵͳʱ˷ܲѡδһҪɽĻ档
Ҳûɷ֮ͨ켫ڵӿ飬ֱһ˵ĳ
شϯԣ콾ء
ʶĿᶨޱȣɫлһնֻһ档
켫۷ֳ֮ƽرۣ˰ݷ
۷ң켫ƽ̣վ£Яʦʦõٶ壬ĪҲӣ
л̱ΪǰϤĻްռ䡣
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ʲô
ӡ
ٹȴЦ˻Ŀ־֮£ͻŵ켫ƽ̣ƽûһƴǲס
л˵
ٹƽǸԩ֡
٣ޡ
ٹͷǼʦҲǸԩ֡
٣ŲţҰԩ֡


33 
ϯʾ ƾʲôܵƽ̣
侲粵һ䣬ӵʼʰܶߡ
ٹһԿţ ЦǻҪ鱦֮
Ժ˵
һʰһ߿ٵܴ֮ ҪȥӦ죬۵֮ء
Ȼڼŵ콾Ҫôһ㣬 ٱϲһԴˣ ۵֮Ϊǻϯ ȴҲ콾ᣬ ʮ֮ʲ٣Ҫǵʱ﷭ͺÿˡ
ٹ˵ʲôֻȻЦҲ㱻ɫԻͷ
ٶʱƳһۣ űɫԻͷ ϯǲģ޵û˱ҸŬ
ӳ켫ߵشϯֻƼţû֪˶Ĺ
ϵͳȻǸָ ҲֻǸָˣ ṩط ԵĿɰﲻϡ
Ѹʰöһˣ֪µҪȥ죬 ٴγš

۵֮ء
켫ԵɽΪƽһ飬 콾۵֮ء
Ϊ ȴûеһ ֻǴϰ磬 Ҳ졣
˾ȵһԸ񡢲ôϲĻ콾˴ȴһˡ
ϯʦϯ䣬ֻɫĮ˲ǡ
콾֪磬Ҳȥùͷ֮һ徻֮ء
콾òˣⶫ١
߲żλشǰյСܣ
ԼûôǿۣҪսһλԵЩţϵ֮ɫҲǳࡣ
ٴǰ߱ЦŰ˶Ǵ߿ʼûʲôýţϯսشսʤ֮ڴ֮ǰҲûܹסı츳Ҫ
صͷЩƵлϯ̻塣
㣬㼸䡭ٻû˵꣬ͻȻһת仰⣺ţȥѡ
ǣʦ֡
شԶΨйЩãȻ첽һŮ޴
ƾЩӡһλŮޣŮмʣüĿ续ĮڶŵԵʮֳڡ
ŮüĮԻЩҲδ¶ʲôɬ飬ֻ΢Ц񣺡ʦ֡
ٻ񣺡ʦúá
ȻǳŮԼϣٵԵø֣ԴλﲢδʲôͬЩа֮Ҳδɢȥ
˻񣬷ȥͬ콾ʺ˼վϯ룬Цλһãɽһһ콾Է۵ߴͽ̡
ȻĶ࣬Ҳϵƣ仰˵꣬˳ЦһЩʦֲڣ˵һһ٣ھ콾֮ף»Щɣ
ҲգȻ΢Ц˵֮ˣֳ˹˹ָ⣬ƣʦδڱϯԲ֪ˣ㣬ʮС
ڳԣ
Ц콾̴ϯ߳˫΢죬һϣòһ·ʦֵĸС
˵ɱޣ˦
۵ôҰһԲϾͶ֣˵ʱ䷴ˡ
ٹһЦ֪Լ⼸ж࣬ûü֣һƿնɢΪУȥ
Ķ̱ˣƬ껯Ϊ޹ʧֻΨһһƬӹߣǶĵש
һȴư𣺡αͷʦ֣㡣
Ѱȥǻϯ顣
üͷ΢壬ʦãʦ۵ʲô
ϯ߳޲ȻĮưҲͷʦ۵
˵һ飡
䲻ñȥΣҪﶪۡ
鲻ǻϯȻŮʣһھ׵Ļŷ
õ˦泤ޣұ֪ʲôϡ
գۼ䣬λ콾սһ𣬷ѷʼٸһ顣
ƽڵĮգգۣʶϲҵŮˣǸա
ٹЦأ
߲ᲢۣҶԼʦ׷֮⣬ʦȴڽźҲҲϾǸϴС
ú컹Ҫһ䣬ٹ̾˿Сһ㻹ǵӦʲô𣿻벻Ҵ֮
ٷ·ŷӦڷ˾䣺ǸǸⲻ˵߿˵Ҳû˵㿴ңӵұȺƣ㿴㣬ŮֶûȻ޷మĽĿա
ٹھĬٴγһ̾ɴ˺ⷽ⣬תһΧս
˴ԼӣٿζͻȻʦܴҴСʦ֣ʦˡ
۵֮磬ǰ֮˺ƤִԺûнڣҲδʹԷһֱΪˡ
û뵽ʱȴˡ
Ǻ°һЦȥ
ʵ˵仰֮󣬼ľɽ
߻λŮֻɫЩ԰ףƺδ֮ǰǼµĴлع
٣˵ֽŲ۵ϡ
֮ǰѾ˵ˣҲ˲Żʱ
Ķڷٵĸйٺܸӣһϲǽһ᲻÷ʦֵаȣ֮ǰģţǻϯԷʦЩ˼ǿϵ˴
Щ⣬ߵߣ΢΢ҧҧǣʦ֣Щôûң
ʶͬٹЦûʦþ͵ַʽϲͱˣԽԽϡ
ʶ˵꣬¶ЩɫЩʱճȥһˣʦýɺЩˡ
ʦֵĸöˡ
ؿûü˵ڶ仰һлǰԭںͺ۵һ˹㲻ϲװʲô˼Ǩļˡ
ֱˡ
ȿȡһ²ѹס絽ߵЦ⣬סЩ꣬΢΢ףʦãԡ
Ϣڻعˡ
ϸŨŭҲüϸһЩ޵̼䲻ˡ
˭ˣ
ŭ֪ʦϲңʾã㲻빴ʦ֣Σŵĵ
ֻ̤ļ˺˼˵Ȼ
ǼˣȫҶǼˣ
˲Ϸٻԣòˡ
۵֮˽ԾĬ̾Ϊֹ
ƽʱģû뵽ҲôײС
ٹʶЦġŮˡǺ֮ͬ
һײС
֮ͬ
һ䣬׼ǡ
ȻͦˬˣΪᡯķʦ֣ǲǶġ
ȿȡɤӣҪڣ㡭
ʲô
бһĮ·ĺ͸
˺ѰȥֻɫĽվɽ۱ԵǸ
ɨۼĺ飬е֮ɫŨȴû˵ʲô
еλĮżҡ
԰գԼ֪ǸʲôУóһֲȼ۽
л˵
ħ֣Ⱥħ裬ٹУΪ˾żһ۶뿴Щණ
٣Ӵִ򵽺öˣûˣŵҩһô
飺˼Ǩļˣ
ģǼˣȫҼˣҰҪɱ㣡
ٹȻƣȤȤûþʡ
#ΪҳտŮŮ#
##


34 ʱŮԡ
侲ǰµݡ
֮ǰѶһȥâɽؾ ܾˣλ֮ԸµȥˣΪ۵֮ û뵽ʱϻ
µݣ ̽ջķᣬĽ
и̼䣬 ¶Щٵ΢Ц ǳ룺˼ʦ֣ Ҳ⣬ 뵤ʦ˵ҩֻǲͬ㻻ˡ
üҩҲɡ
¯ҩƷʼߣ ֻţ ѾţʣһţʦֽҵûʲôֻʦֳԿ
˵ÿ ȴЩ˵ɢ
ü̡
Ĭ Ǿһš
硣
ðɡ
ٵһ̾ʦ ұ㻻ʦְɡ
˹ؽݣȻӽӽóһСƿݸ
ݸӹƿ 򿪿һۣ ƿ
ٱĶЦˣ ΢ͣʦǺ⣿ѵܸٵĲɣ
ޱ飬 Ҳ޲֪Ҹ˭ ƫ޿֣ٵҲ޿ɺǡ
ĻףⵤҩԼòϣϰֻ֮ʶ𣬵ҩ˭ԶŸϲǷſżٵֻ¸Ҳ˵ʲô
ٱûôһ˵Ȼûͦе
֪𣬷ֵֵֻ£ſűٹȵʵҲûʲô
뷨ֻһӶôȱ£Ͼͷݡ
ԾͷһϡݣѵöЩƣȻʮֶݣɫ˼֣΢Цʦˣҷ䲻ʲôˣȴҲ˿̡
ͣ٣ֵɣǸֻһŵҩұʦЩ
˼ӽӽóһСУ򿪸һۣЩʯǰλó񣬾͸ʦͷɡ
ʵЩʯ֮ǰͽһģһЩﻹʮţһ½
ĿƺȾЩԼôĵˣʮŻʯȻȲҲԶԶǡͷݵģٵġСޱȣʵ޷ΪͻȻȻóЩ
Щ֣ЦЦȻĮǳʦ֣Į飬ȴҲǵȶ֮ˣѵΪҶ᣿ΪҲ֪ġ
̫ţ䴽Ҳʦٹ⣬ʦ֣㻳Ŀ磬ҵ΢ĩ֮˵ĿǲʦƣҲûʸ񡣽˵֮ҲΪʦִã˵˼䣬ʦţûǡ
԰գֻĻʯתȥ콾
ֱǽɣԭڶļŴӼž»ع
Ҳ˲ˣҧŴǣᣬߵм䣬ʦ֣Ķˡ
ΪͷëĹעǳЩֻǵͷװ棬ʵЩܵţ㲻ǡ
ҪڿʲôЧá
˵ҲûһֻۣĮ˷һ֪ǷûУʯת뿪һҲδ
뿪֮ɽ۲ŻָһЩ
Ż۵ĺɫ΢΢ЩȻͻȻʧȥ۵¡
ʦΪָࡣ
뽭ͬһʱһֱ
ٴݣѸƳһۣЦôʦˣʦҲ已˵֪ĻΪʲô·
٣ٿڳԣҲǽʦֵ°ܽѡ
ЦһĻ޶ݣʱӣϯΪȷ
㡪
ûжֵˣôһ˵˺÷ſ
֣ûѵ졣
ּɫЩѿļģȻھˣһ
ıбһƣҧƿŮһգһ񳤽Уִȥ⵴Ҫɱ㣡
նʱֻԾ·𷽲ŽĲֻǴ
棬λŮ޵ƵԵҲֻ۾ţʶжٹ˭˵ֻư㿴λǽһײУҿŮ޴ʡ
ĴСǧٳĳ󣬵ٻûȫϣûпھͽеҲûŮˣԼὣȥ˵ܲĶֵ֣üνġ
ߵĵģ0.1ȫ߻ˡ
һ߿һ߳ޣﶼһ飬Ȼٹ̾ϧˣӦԡ
ٹǺЦ֪Сһÿ쿴Ҳ顣
Թϵһ٣춼ǳ࣬û㲻˵Ա졣
⻰ٹЦˣһҲûԼ졣
Ҫǻ֮ٱ̰ٲ㣬ʶȥЦá
ٹվڱԵλãƽζؿĺܡ
λŮ޵λõģƮƮǳÿֻձͨ۵ʱࡣ
ĵ񳤽һͷȥʮУڼ˲ٸѵĺۼڷ¿ԼָûʲôˣΨ಻СһϸС˺ۣѪ͸
˰Ѫɫʱһ
ҵ
Ȼˣһ
⵴
ǼҵһΡ۵ʦóɹԼһ˺ۡ
ʮֹܣǻ֮ߣԲûҪ뷨Ҳһų󡢷ϯֿܵġ
˴˰ӣսļѾҧ¶ЩָٶȱȲеٶȡ
Ըʹ˵ʮ񣬾ڿλϯлŵһʲôˣĶսʱԱΧ۵ĻشӻЦҺʦˣǻá
ƾҲϷʦ֣
˼Ǩļˣ˵Ȼɱίͻؼҽе
˼ڴСݣʲô
ǲ֪ν
һ˶סˡ
ôҲ̫ˡ
ѵмֳ˵ҴҪҪһ˶ſҿҿɱȲ⼸λʦã˴ɲԶǾͲλƽɱ
Ͼƽ̶Ůĳ谮֪ġ
ٹԵʮУЦƽ۵ƾ£ǳ֣лŵĳţʲôϵǳ̡
ô˵һãҵİĽߡ
顣
ٹǺЦ䣬ŵõģſɲ򵥣һ޸֮ţȫ¶֪ǵ˵Ű裬񶾣ȴȻȻڣСһҪСţҪڿսδǶ֡
һٵǲ֪΢΢ͻȻЩɣ㲻Ǳôʲô֪ӡ
ǰûʲôš
ٹȻЦݣȻбֶΣôСһǲǸо뱾ĲˣȻ֪
ʹɡ
ٰһɴ಻̸⣬ǰꡣ
Ƭ̺󣬼֧Ųס
ϼϸС˿ڣ񳤽ûе³ţҶҪɱ㣡
ŴתߣԼɽȥаˣֻ̫ͣٶû࿴һۡ
вֻһԼķ볡˷̤ҲԼǸʲô
ûҲûͬ˵ʲôֻɫ䵭صԼϯλϡ
ٲ޵ʱŮԡ
ֹ飬սļʦýҲ۽硣
˵ûʲôģ̲˺ܣûһֱ޿װҲǸ˵ġ
ϲĺϲҵġ
Цᣬٴ̾
л˵
٣ң߶˲š
쿴һ½ϯ֮ĹϵչԼ߶壬Ƚϳ漰͸뿴͸ֱ





1.ϯ֮϶һֱǵӵĹϵŮϯ϶Ϊһϲϳ
2.ɺ֮һĸߣƫϧ֪֮࣬һʼӣϯǸУ֮Σգ˽⡯ϯ֮Ĺ£ÿͬѴǿʲô뷨֮ģԼÿ˶ֻڳ·ǰȱϯΪеҲȫͬ
֮ĸ߻ƫ飨ֻϲϯǰ޾ˣΪһԼ֡뷨ȽҪҪ֪/ֵܡӵΪţ֡ӡ£ǸʹḶ́߹̶ܳĿǰֻ+;ŮǵûӶѾôãֻǰûѣ֮һᾡдرȽ˼һ㣬ȷ᲻ϲĿ׷ۣ
3.󲿷СӦöܿݸ߹츳˫ԼһЩңĮηŮһֱΪͷɣʵͦģǣûϯô໨ӣȻĮԼµʦʦҲϤĽ̵Ǹͦױ򶯵ˣֻ߽ĵĲ࣬ͨ׵˵ƽİײȻˮ飬ͦױ˹ֻǴҶ֪ѡ
4.ʦܡĪʦܿ϶߰ߵģֻǲͬİߣʦϲŮ֪ԼȻʦв𣨣ĳָ飬ǾԼ̫ĪʦڸνŮȱ
5.Сܡ
6.顢Ķ׸ߣǣ
7.ٹ񣬰ߣħµҲվҪΪԼĶḶۣ
8.᲻һֱѹŮһͷԼδ᲻Ϊƽࣺ֮츳ͣҲӣھ콾Ůƾ츳ʵϣŮö໨ӣӱȽϺãǣδڣľŮǱѹ״̬
ƽ֮λֻǾŮ˺Ϊ˻֮ľ顢ۣϾ޷Զһ˳İȻҪ˫ģΪʲôҰҷƽ֮λӵ벻Ϊ룬ⲻǰ飬ҸжŮǵƽ̣ͳɽ磬ƽӦҲ̳λǶӻǶϱɣֶͷⲻܿⱾдͦ
9.ܵ˵һͷɳŮҵ˫ռ¼飬ȫ綼ԩ֣ҡ
10.ʲôʿ߾ʱ˾ͻῴӭۣƽǧҪŶһǮ鿪ҪʲôֱӸὨ飬οֻҪû˵߲ɾ


35 Ӯ
λŮ֮ìż뿪Ļ
ô ֮۵ΧĪࡣ
ҲĬػصϯϣûսҲǾɺ
ټ˸λ£ ߱ЩȵĹĻᵽˣ ȥɡ
ոձ콾Ǽҵġ𺳣һֱڻЩ𾪣 һϢæͷǡ
ش Ϊ͵һҲ֪˶٣ û³çǰصѡһλشԼ ϸܸλشϢ˺һ Žѡһλ֪ش
֪ ϢҲЩѹ֡
ɫ΢עߵ룬λϸѡʦֹһ񣬲ЩɳƵʦִͽ̡
ѡеλشڣʦʦ̸ܽЦ 䲻עӣ һ£ ҿۣüҴͽ̣
˿ͷǣ ʦִͽ̡
λش˲Ϣ䵭 һۣ Ц
Ǵӷ߳ģ Ҳˣ ʦ֣ôһŵӵ˾ȻҲսΪ˶Ƿ٣Ŷսشսʤ֮ǿЦ
ش߳Цſ٣ֵʦֻ֣»λʦܡ
һӣЦ޷һɡ
˵ֻҪɱνѵԡ
֮ͬпᣬʱɢ޸ǷҪλСܵĵһ
δԹޣԼԼ֪Ѿõ֮ڣ޾ⱲҲˣɢһȻˣʦָһᣬ˶ţȻô׻õģȥƴ
ش˷ٵ˼һ˿Цݣɣȶ֣ûлˡ
ǽϵطⱾǹ֮ûõʲôõطУ࣬ȴɱ㡣
شһбסʦܣʲôݾ͸ʲô£䲢˶Ƿʦ֡
û˵ֻҧϸ
һС
ʦ˵ֻҪʮУ켫š
شһ̻ػһֲѸٳ˼˹ļ
ƺһ̺ˣѪ⣬ǰȻԹΪء
ʺѪҺϵ䣬ȾһƬʯש
֮ǰǵС˿ڲͬôһϵ㱻ʪһƬɫģ̫ۣҲûôˣӹĵطһѪ
شϲðشӵϣ䲻ɱȴҲˣÿһζĿ׶ڷˣ˿̹ѾʧѪ
˶ţҲˡ
ȻѾȷСܣȴû¶˿֮ɫֻĿ⵭Į
ٹʶЦ̾Сһ㵹ͦġ
ûһǰľ䲻¡
ٺ˵ƽ
ٹҲҧֵĹº͵˿󣬿˭֪ʬǳɶѣ׹ǰǧһˡ
ǰȻƽ񵭣ôȻҲˡ

ٹĬ˻¶ЦݣܺãСһ̬ȣƲľ£ûµľģϳ۷壿
ѾܹڷٵĳѰҵĻ㡣
û˵ʲôֻųս
˵ʵֻգۼ䣬ȫѪȴƾһҧ֣ϱһ££ֱ۶һֻؿҲһ£ԼǷʦشû׼࣬ˣȻǰڵĸо
ֻĬûֹͣ
С
ʮС
һ¹žʹͷڵԱһڵשӡһƬѪþ䡣
þȫʵ˵ڱڷһֱţһ֮Цˡ
شйߣɵ׷Ѿڣ̱ڵϵĹһۣһȥ
ٻߵߣڵϣЩɢˡ
Ųæóһŵҩ£˽࣬ſڣŹʮУӽ󣬱ҷ£Ϊ켫ŵӡ
ȻѪɫ԰ףȴĿǵҩ˿Ŵӵ𣬸млʦ֡
ʦǶշΪ֪£һʮɢޣΪսҲš
˵ͷֿսش΢΢̧̧°ͣʾ⣬ЩɢЦ𣿴ӽտʼǾڵĿ꣬ɽǿΪͬˣ㣬ֻΪսǿðǿߵϡ
˳߿һۣδʲôԹͷʦֽ̻塣
šһֿѪõöҩЧҸƣȥִȡһЩҩӽ켫ŵˣ󡣡
лʦ֡
Щҡһ񣬲׼¡
ˡ
ٽס΢ͣһ£ɤӣ¶ɫʦܣЦݣҪŵŵʦʦǡ
ĿãȻ޴롣
ȴûж˵ֻһ뿪ˡ
۵֮Ŀһ룬ߺ󣬷ٻصϯ䣬콾۵֮ʱ͵͵Զżˡ
Щգٹ˵ҪôԵĵذͳȥ
ֱȥݸͺˡ
ٹĻشܼ򵥴ֱ
ٶʱȻûŮ֣Ҫµĸ鶼ô򵥣һô׷ģ
ô׷ģȴҪ͸顣

پĬƬ̣¿ڣ̫ԵҺܿϲֲ̫䵭˵ġⵤҩѷһţЧֺ黻һţʣ͸Ҳû̫á
ôû̫ã
ٹģʮȻٺͷһΣ˵´ֵõʲôö˵ȳһŻ֮ĵҩ޻֮˽⣬ٸһţˣ˵ܷõΡ
Ŀɿڴ
ã˿ʹļ׵֪ϹʱھͲʲôöû뵽ôǶ⻰ô˵óģҺͽжô꣬ҲûôǶ񶾡
ٹ޶ԣô˵Ц޵ǰȻ˼ޣҪ˵ǶǻȲ㣬ⲻǺѧ𣿡
Ϊ̫ٹĲǶ𡯣ٶûʲôо
ʶ߶˺ü顮ö񶾡֮Ļ˺ٹĽػػǱߡ
ɣһҲڿ
΢٣¶һЩ뵫ʮзȵЦݣԼʱͬ
֪ǲЦ̫ˣǱ鿴һͻȻֱӳ
ϯİĿ֮ʱв˽ĿͶٵķߣ˿ߡ
Ŀ΢жٹҪҸװɣ᲻ǿҪһ𣿻᲻ᵱҵһμģҪôشԵҲֲģ

ٹȻ֮ġ¡ȤһϢڵô֪궼ûŮ˵֣ң
Ȼǻؾ֮ǰĻ
١ߡһ
Ѿߵǰ
ٲδ̬ϯϣ˱ƣ΢ѹһڣ̧ͷʦ£
Ŀӹֺܿƿߣһֱ΢ͣ٣֮ǰʦ뽭ʦ̸ֽʦƺл֮ĵҩ֪ɷҲҸһš
⻰ܴǽڣΪ뽭̸ʱѾ˵ֻһŵҩѾ˽
黹ˡ
ٴŵĮ΢ЦݸЩλʦ򶨵ĿУ𴽽ǣЦʦüȻҪǱҲһŸ㡣
΢ƺû뵽ԭĽȻС
ڷ˵ȴǸûᣬÿԽ͸ԵԼ֡
˵ڣܿӽӽóһöҩƽҲʦ˵һš
һš
һ²Žӹöҩ룬Щæط½ӽ䣬üͷ΢塣
һ۾ͿЩȣûʲôʺϵĶ׼һ˳˵һ䡮ⶫãˡλʦôӽӽóһ
öʦ֡
΢΢һ㶡
ⶫƾõģۼֵɱȵҩߡ
΢΢ȻˣûʲôʵģˣҲûá
ҴӲռ˱ˡ
üͷ΢䣬ȷپܾöһףץסƿתߣܿصԼϯλϡ
ֻ˺һ
⣬һʱ侹֪Ҫ˵Щʲôá
ΪŮԼһϲ֮¾ͰѾżɵҩŷһλ۹õʦãû뵽ǻ˽һϡݣִλʦеõһöԼһöżƳɵĵҩ
ûӮֱ֪Ӯˡ
öٿۻǱߣȴĿǰ䵭ݣδ
⡭ҵҪҪգ
ٵһβ޶ë޶̫ĸо
ٹЦ˼Ҷ㣬Ȼջȥ㲻ҪĻԸûԹˣ볢ʲôζ
Ѹö̾һԵˡ
ٹǺǡ
Σⳡ۵֮˵ջķᡣ
֮ʱ䣬Ҳ˼Σ뼸λ콾۵⣬Ȼѹ콾
Ҳͽͷ֪޷ڣжϵȻ켫ڱضΪʸ֮ġͬΪţ̫Ҳ˰ޣ޷켫ڳλ콾ͺȻ켫֮ס
Ｋطʢ˥ɽɡ
۵֮ڴҡ졢͡ķΧĻ
ٸ콾ػصš
ھٸ²ã㷢ָֽѶˡ
óǳɫһμ̵ַҵõһõйصĵҩں֮ǰǿ£Լȥá
һӴɢ̳š
һһߺٹ̾ϢͻȻֽʱͦɵģģƽСʱȻ̵ֻ޵ûн̹ʲôն񡣡
ë޶˼ˡ
ٹǺ޶ݣ㲻׼Ҫôˣ
ɵֲɵ
ٴԺӣʶߣԺҼ̳켫ƽ֮λϺˡ
ٹ¶Ȼ˵Цݡ
Ҳ⣬ţᳵ·˺һ¡
³һؿҶֽĳʯ֮ԭһĵط¶һЩ
һƿҩһлʯв㣬һл裬һʻ
Ա߻иСдĸҸ㡣
֮ǰѾùһνŵʻμЩֻüЦƽ̷˾ǺãԺƽ̣Ҫƽ̷˵̫ϳϣƽȥϡ
ٹЦ
Ҳûж˵ܿͰЩ
Ǻлʯʱֻʮţ򿪿һۣ澹ȻʮâɽʯâɽؾزȻԻ֮ûʲôȴЩô
پʮţãĬȻе̾Ϣûô޶
л˵
٣ܲ˵Ҷˣ㿴ɶû˵Ҫңᶼһ䣬ʦãҶ˵Ҫһ޴ŵһ졣
ٹǺǡ
#ϯİ#


36 ëô
ͷں޶ë ·ٺزЩΡ
۸ɵӵļӸС
ʶУٷ˼˵ ǲǸö΢һ㣬 Ȼë޶Ĳ
Ҫζһ㣿ֵܣ
ٹԵʮֲ⡣
һ㣬 ´޶ëʱ ܸӼᶨ
áá
 㲻 ľôӡ
ٺп䣬ѸЩ켫ڡ
һСܣ һġСܡĪʦҲ Ѱ˸ʱȥһ׼Сܸܽ˴ʶ
ɢ޳һǸݲӣʶҲܶտĪʦС ȻĪֱ۸ ߸һ㣬 һСľû
ŵӵľжңǰҲģ˵Ź治ͬУ ̨ Щɴˣ ·࣬ Ŵš
ִͨԺ ٺܿҵ˰Ÿľ
£ɳţ෽ǲʲôŴģⷽССܡһ
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ֱ˲֪ʦ¡
ദزҲͷˣĳЩϵһ䣺ĪʦԸ򣬹ʦܣտ֡
ǣʦ֡
Īô˵ֿЩɬ
ʦֻǵĺܿģʦȻûʲôôʦλƸŵʦʦҲҪ
Щġ
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죡
Īʶ쳣һԱѵʱ̡
գѵ˵ò㲻õ
죡
Īʹͷһ˲ڰиֳŨҵɱ
ЩңһɱҺͳʦ֣Ǹɹʦʦֿصˣңɱ㣡
ħ΢٣Į˼֣ǲ֪ôҷΪ룬ѵҪϣ㲻ǹõʦֵĿأ㲻һǽıɢޱۣ
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Ī˱ۣŨصĺڰ£ȴһθ侲
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ɱˣƴҲҪɱ㣬ҵҪϹħͷû廹ܴܲл뿪
ħ˳Ĭ
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ٹû˼壬űֵļʼ󣬶ѸȻûսʤеĸ߲㡣
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Īкڰ֮ʱʶٹͻȻסһ
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ͻȻһЩȤĶСһ벻֪
л˵û±졣
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ٹ̾һżϴⲻǷһЩħ𡣡
š֮̽һκ
ħ̫΢ֹЩʱգǳȻԲҷŵָ֪ϤϢκ֪Ǵ˭ɢ𣿡
ָ֪ˣüͷ΢壬ɨü˳۵λʦܣܿһ
˵ĪʦܣܣСӣ˵䶼죬˲۸Ͳˣôɱˣ
ڹܣղš
ĸƤ㲻֪Σ
ٹЦűˣħԴϹţħ֮ʦܱܶȻ޳ħֻʲôϼһ︽ˡ
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ٰĪۣ΢ͻȻĮĪʦܣҲЩʱˣΪ
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ջ˴Ŀ⣬ͷţǺúʲôȥִͥԺǳʦ֡
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ȥ·ϣٹЦ㲻ϸ̽̽ʦ˵ħ
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ҲãħҲգվԼԵĺûģҷϸһۣĪɫħֻҪûһѪ̵ˣҲĻԵ
֮ǰħǼλӿϡ
ٹȻЦݣֻǻЩ⡣
ٵɫЩ
ΪΪ˿Լǿش֮˴ս콾֮ҲͰˣֻðǿϣԼͬΪʦֵܣҲĪȥǵ鷳޹ͬʦܣȻı£ȻҪе˴ĺ֮ͳ⣬ÿ˶ҪΪԼѡ񸶳ۣңҲ⡣
磬ǿ߾ǹſΪеſҲжȣȻżһ°ܽʱսǿߣҲӲȥԼͬʦʦã˱ˣ޹ͬߣκͬ顣
ٹͲʲôӣȻͬ飬Ųһʣô˵ֻЦҿʦҲǷ֮Ҳܿܽشƴӣʱֶһλشʦˡ
ز˵֮ӣɫһ٣Щɱƴˣҿɲſڶ񡣡
ҪǳͥĪһһߣŶ͵͵
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˾ٸæе£ڿԾúʮâɽʯֱĵ
Σıչ˺ü죬ˬشӾٸ
ӦأΪʣһâɽʯոյͷĴѶ
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λӴԼüûϵ𣬵ġ׽٣ʱʱҪѶʼ䣬ԶС
Ϊƽ̴ӻɽһֻгѪķޣ˵ʳ֮ǣмĺôĴҲֻƽǿ֮ܽԣ϶һЩ
Ѫⲻ٣ƽ̱׼Ž߲㳤Ϻúóһ٣ƽ̷ƳƷĴѰǿƲ޷֮ɳʳƽ̷ֲʱԷŽȥһ
˵ǳʳʵǮҲ򲻵õһѪֻ»ϲ񣬽֮ƳɵҩãҲֻƽ̲ݳޡ
켫ƽԭֻ׼ԼһãûгϵķݣϾԼջʵЩ󣬶ûʲô̫ң˷ˡ
պԼôҲû뵽ԼԩֶӾȻһʱ͸֪ˡ𡯣⡮Ψһѡһô磬Ϊ죬˦ѡСġơ
ԴˣֻĬ̾һ䣺ëԼţ治ġ
ҲͰˣʳǮҲ򲻵ȻҪȥһģҲЩʱûƽ̷ˣٻЩ
յѶϢ֮ǰأ̾ⱼȥ켫ӭ
һЩƿŵӣȥֻɸģʩʩȻ켫ڣɽ¼ͷ
ɫǳδ֮ǰЩֻͣʮƽͬһߣҲܵƽһֻĸ³պܺãϸϸƷ
ԵʲôҲû˵ˡ
΢΢һЦ
һûԹɷ³ҲʮζʱҪúллˣ֮ǰҵĲ㻹δл
ֻϲ㣬㲻ضл
˵ŻܿŽƽ̷˵СԺС
ƷĳѾˣϯ䣬ƽһΨƽ̱ԺſڿۣüͷԽԽ֪ˣô˵
Է׷ЦƽأȣֻЩʱ䣬µģѵ÷³㲻Ҫˡ
Ҳ㿴ŽȻԸ䵭ڳҲ׽ĺ󱲣Ȼ༸ֳ谮
պϵŭɫǳ˼֣˰üģֺ̾γֻ⺢ʵڲ׽Խͳ
ƽ̷˶һ̲߳ţ񣬽޴ӷƽǰԲϣˣѵһԶٷ㲻Ҫ˵Щˡ
ƽȻƽĮ˵Ļɫ˼֣¶ЩЦݣˡ
ֻЦݻδ£պ㿴Ժſڽ븶˵Ц߽ˣƽǴӴѪҸĸʲô̫ãֻڸ֮ʱԴЩ
ƽѵЩЦݶȻסЩҧ
л˵
ƽ̣ԩ֣ԩ֣ԩ֣ˣ
ƽ̷ˣ˺ˣǶӵѣЩҲûʲô⺢ͦõġ
ƽ̣㲻֪ϲ۶ӰϲǸϣ
Ե㣬ȥԡ
𣺣΢Цõء
#ƽ̵ʹ#


37 ס
ԭƵգ ڸ֮Ȼ޴档
ƽһῴ˳ۣйء
Ӳ֪ʲôħŮϣ Ե콾ŮҲϣ ƫϲŮˡ
ϴθƣƽǲȻŭ ּŸòԵĴ 
δߵϯߣ ƽĮޱȵ
ѹĿ⿴ ˭׼˴ԵĴҲһɢСõģ
סŲɫ޹գգۡ
Щ⡣
ƽ˵ڶ䣬 ץסֱۣ תߡ

պˡ
ʶ֮󣬽ÿÿŪòɢ뻺һºͶӵĹϵɼŮ˱ѹסŭӿ
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ƽһۣ Цǡ
ˣ ɣ Ҳǣ㸸ס
ζ
ƽѹô
ѵиѣֻһã ˵ɡ
ƽ̷Ž͸Լ£ Ҳûһۡ
ƽ̱Щƽ֪ΪβϲŮӺǷٲ岻 ȴڲƭҶ Щ ֺڴˣ
԰տ޶Եӣ̲סһ䣺ӣֱϡ
䵭ƽ̷ºҲûƽһֻۣԸǴЩԣҪԣױˡ
šƳڵľ޴һ̲ȣ΢ЦŻİɣ֪޵Ǳϵطǽϵޣò˶١
޷ֻ
Ȼƽ޲תĲˣԼʲôġ
һĻƽ̫ѨͻͻۣѹżΪŭƽ̷˵㿴ﻹûס
ˡ
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ʱЩ
ƽ̷˼һ˱ǵ㻨˺ôԵЩ
Ȱţƽؿ˼£ƽЩ
Ƴ˸һۣŽ׽
ѹеĿȫȻӣֻƷļȣʱʱ޵˵ãҳԹóԵ⡣
ĸӰϲЩϲԺԳ
ð
ȻӦȻֳһ⡣
ûйάƽ̷ˣʳƵʵϲķˣ磬Ըֺãֻǲ֪ôƽô
߳Ա߸ֻ̣ʮ㡣
ŻжλϣʵСԺ˺üϯͽƽ̺ƽ̷һ
Աгϳ˼֮Ҳ߷ŵͽϡ
һλݺͰ޷԰׵ĳϿԷżòĿⶢŸƽһۣЦƽ̣ƽΪЩҲΪá⸶ޣҲ̫⣬ƽ̹絶ʵΪʺ񡣡
λϸҲʶΪ곤һλԪϣĻƽҲϼ֡
Ȱο¶º͵ЦʮֹɵˣʵҶƽ̺ͷʮ־ģ֮ʣҲ벻ƽ̺ͷ˵Ľ̵
⻰ûŮؿ
ϹһЦصظһļǣ֮ڼǣԵ㡣
ллϡ
Ȼ
ϯǢֻƽȻᡣ
ʵǲԼĶӱһͷǣŮۡ
϶һۣ΢΢δ˵ʲôֻƷ
һ羡Եó죬پ֮Уɼʵ
Ҫ޶ͷëòֺöġ
ߵĽһۣ𺱼ؿĿĵº͡
˲ܴ
ţƽ̷˸˲ƺõ鼹ǵȵȣ΢Цͽ뿪СԺ
ƽ䶢ǣâڱͽûƽ̷˵СԺͣá
뿪Žأż䣬Ȩʳ
Χвŵ¶죬ȴû˭ǰš
Ǹһ߻ţһͬ˵Żһͣ½ŲӽӽóһС
㡣
΢٣У򿪿һۣɫ΢̧ͷ
ȻֱǰδֻЦزʯ
ĬƬ̣ŵ͸ң
š
ͷǼɫ죬һ䣺ᣬϯҸġ
˵٣ɫͻȻ࣬лˡ
ȴ˻ȥ
ϯ˵ллշңӣѵܴϯͶ°ɡ
䴽һЦƽתǰ
üͷУԭؾĬһϢǿӽУӿŲϸ
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֪ĻǷýЩ֮ĬãЩͳ٣ö׽֮ˡ
ǳ£Ҳ˺һİԼˣԷٴǰֻǽΪߣƽĥʯԷϣֱǴؾ֮к
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ͷ΢Цϯң̣Լĵֻⴧ⣬ӣһˣǸ˵ĺǴģǷ³ɼȥ˽⣬ͻᷢ˶ȱ㣬Ҳŵ㣬ûʮȫʮˣҲûˡ
⻰ܿóġ
ûеͷҲûҡͷֻǳĬ
ҲȻԸıԷٵĿ٣˸Ļ
ʶУٹСһûͻȻ˵Щʲô
ҺͽȻǾϵ֮ǰͺˣڵжԣ⻹ҪģǱϾͬһţʱѻҪϵ̫һת䣬Σʱ̷ҪŪңĶԩȥһҲá
ÿԽ踶֮ڵڣֱȫ
ʮֺá
ֱ͵ɽţλҲûӦµ뷨ֻǵ⼸Ҫչأ£ԴѶ֪
á
Ȼͷ
ô⣬˵ˣҲñչؼһ¡
ӣȥְݻ˻š
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ٱԺǰгѪĴǲرࣿ˵ʳãӵһ˿֮Ѫ
⵹棬֮ǰöʯǴҵģ˵һƬϹ֮أŵرѪҲǸ̽صĺõطٹ˽Щ飬´λȥ̽һΡ
ٹЦʲôһ˿Ѫ޶ѣ壬ɲܱȡ
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Ӧޣ㿴ƽǰֻʯûУǾǿ̵ӦؼûӦˣϹʱӦҲǶޣǲںҴţ
СһʲôãǼʶǳЩҲǣĩʱܳǲʶǳҲ
ٹȸ̾һ䣬ŵʱ֮Ӧôˣ˭鷳ɣҲ鷳Ͳˡ
ҵе㲻˵ħԵôֱˣȻƭҡ
ûƭ㣬ұ֮ô֮Ͳħˣ
ٹЦúڱǶɱЩˣȻбǵеȻѳ壬ħ˵ǻҪлңңôױʧʷУָҪūۡ
⻰˵赭д䲻Ĵ˵Ҳѣ΢ͣٺȻôΪʲôû˵ʲôħĴ˵
ȡ
ٹһѹȻΪ忪սĶսˣûҲӡˣȻҲ군ˡ
΢Ȼ򣺡ԭôûģ
ϹŰ֮ϵ壬ԭԼ˴Լ˴ģⲻ˵һţƣ
ˣʱЩ£ʲô˵ľ˵ɡ
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ȿȣġɤӣŻˣ㵱ôûʲôؾ֮ĿƼң㻹ŵʱû͵͵ʲô
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ô˵λһôûУ
ۼı鿪ʼٹЩΣôһ㣬Ҳĳһǰ
˵һ䣬ֵҪ˵ؾѰҲûУɱʲôΣʲôΣ֪ĵطȥֻ¾һһ˲ҪҲвóҪˡ
Ǻ˵ҿ볤ϳ֡
۶ûգֻ˵طҡˡ
ϳֱ㲻ıˣϹʱµؾ󲿷ֶƣ籾֮ǰǸĹӦҲֻ֪ʮµʿ
⵹ȷǸ⡣
üͷ룬ͻȻ𷽲źͷ˵ʱõĳĬ
һҿԺһ𰡡
ͲĻԵ
ںⲻ֪ؾܱ˻ԵҾʲôõˣøȥ䣬ң˵ϯԼȥ̽ѰⱦҾˣܲ
ЦһգŵǱסˡ
л˵
ƽ̺ƽ̷̬֮ȲͬΪ
ƽ̣ҶӱŮ˯ˣˣҪռˣˣ
ˣӰ˼ҹ˯ˣǸøЩΣƽʱ˼ҺЩӦġ
٣סŴײסˣһܰγ


38 þ
˺ʵĶѡ ٱ㿪ʼٹؾַ
ȷʵеŵûͷë޶ˣȴ޶ġ
ٹһӣ 񵭵̽ؾ ȷʵв٣˵Ϲģ γɵҲ٣ ֪֪ ΪʲôҪ㣬 ʲôô
ѵǵĻᣬȻˡ
Ȼһֱûʲôɫ޵ Ҳһŵ㣬 ٹû˵Ҫʲô꣬ҪȥһŮĻꣿ
ٹһ ֣Ϊ㣬 ˭µ˿ڣݺɽ磬 ֪жŮ뵹뱾󹬣ɱмһˡ
ˡ
ʱ룺㲻ϲŮǰɣǺðҪҰѽø㣿ֺÿֱ ǣ Ȼûÿ ôҲǸ ҲҪ࣬ ʮ߰˸ؾλþС

ٹüͷ΢壬Ҳ֪ǲǱĻɷˣһϢŵҡ
⻰ҾͲͬˡҲ֪ǲǹʮɫԼ˵Ĳ֪жŮ㶼ҪҾһ˿Ů̬ȡ
磿
ң㿴ҶãȻǰʦõģҲĹʦá

ٹԿ϶Сһڹ
ܴӷһûƻˡ
Ĭɴ⸱ǵӣƽͳҵ֪һؾʺڵ㣬Щ̣δܴ롣
Ȼ˵£ٺָܿ侲ϸ˵˵
ߵɽһؾһõʦǻõ˹ܵؾȴʺ̽ؾЩ̣мΣգǻõʦĩڵߣмֱ£ڱʱҲһˡ
ٹô˵ȻʲôͨǿߣȻ˵ţ׵ģٹȷʵϹʱݺһİеġһֻǱ켫ƽ̻Ҫǿࡣ
ɫ΢˼֣֪Ĺ𣿡
ߣʮ£УҪλͬԵһ𣬲ܿؾ
ֱû㣬ǰȥؾ򡢰ͷǰЩȥâɽؾǶѱ˿̽ģΣճ̶ȴ󽵵ͣؾͬǧ̽Լ޻֮ӦףһټٷֲһСıС
ٹܵƽ͸Σ֮ȴʮŨء
ٳ˼һȻ˵ؾʮ޵֮·δûΣգ·ǴģԸһԡ
ýʱʱͣΪ޵֮ġ
ٹ͵ЦȾ˼ͣСһȻֱûУʲôˣ䡣
һ䣬ٹʣҪˣѡ𣿡
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ٲδǶãܿ͸ң飬ۡ
һͣһ£ŵͥ
ǰĸٹ֮Уһһ㶡
ͥʦ˵شΪõ崫Уʵûشʵĸ϶ϯʵʲô
ҲġЩɢ̾˿ܳҾͲôˣⲻһ𣿾ʹˡ
㻹شһ
Ͳ˰ɣ
ͻһЦмζ֣ǧ㱾죬ıΨһȲҡ
Եõ̧ͷ˶й£ݸ߹󣬻ǴйϣҪôѪ⣬ϯѹ콾ȻҲ֮ʶ֮ɱȲңŲţǶؾУͥҲܻŻ
ٹûлشΪûǳͥϸ֪κ⣬õ崫УҲ
ɷپȻƶ
֡ĬȻڼʶӮһķٿĵȥͷ
Ȼ󲻳ϳ˱Ÿ
ȻС𡯵̵棬ȻǲС
̾һڶشĿнԺӵĴĵá顯졣
ʦ֣СҪͬ㿪Ű
½ֱŶˡ
˺һҲӦֻεй𣬼Ȼʦֲ֪Сܾȸˡ
䣬Ӧ
ӰֻĮ֮ӷﴫ

ĸһ䡣
Դ
Ȼͬסڷͥ⻹һ߽ͷԺӣľٸͬľɫڼƫ壬һۿȥ;Ը䵭
˼ۣ߽ķ䡣
ϥϣ۾ڴԶԶȥ˸һ龫±ˡ
ȿȡ
ɤӣԱ߳ŵǰ
ʦ֣ȷʵһҪҪͬʦǿѰʦֿġ
۾ֻüͷ΢塣
ٱ˵ҵõһδ̽ؾַؾȼߣֻҪͬԵ˲ܿʦΪʦͬȻ֪ʦֲңҴ˴λ˱ˣʦѣҷٻ
ɫδĮһŵ˭
ңʦ֣ʦܣгʦܡ
üһֱδˣûи𣿡
һ٣û뵽Ÿ΢ɫЩͳԥֳᣬĬãü͵Ҳʦ֣ؾǸʦΪΣգһҵȴ˴̽ԻʦΪףѡΪߣҲֲͬУԲˣʦ־͵һ˽İɡ
ֻǵһζԽ˵õķΡ
Ĭһͬɣʦ˭
ǰ漸֪켫ڲûһλΪĳʦܡ
Ҳͥʦܣ֮ǰ崫еλʦֻӡ𣿡
Ȼӡ󣬿üȴˡ
Ϊ
֪
ҲδϣЩ⣬֮ΣǸСҲϸ˵ʦַģҲԼЦʱ˵Ǽ٣ʦֵؾ֪ˡ
ûзٵһżһ䣺˴ܻŻʦÿ˵̽õøɣΪ̽ؾıꡣ
ĬϵĹأΪؾַṩ
û˵ٱ㵱ͬˡ
պٳʱ䶨һ֪ʦ֡
Ĭԣûʲô˵ȻҲ˵ʲô̶̽£뿪
˾ٸ󣬷ٿʼʦôѶ˳÷̵ĵȥ֪ͨͥ緽˵ѡ
ʦΪĮ񣬲׿̱ͬˣѯʷʲôʱ
룬˸֮
۸ϹҲҪա
һ׵ٲųȥҴϡ
Ȼٹ˵ΣգôҲȥҪһĶ༸˳˳ͥӦöУʦ׶ӣ˼ȥֻԼݸ콾Ҫˡ

켫档
ԼʷϹϵֵ̽ض顣
ٺͽͷ鰵١ӽϺһֻ¶Цݣ˲֮ľͥЩţһֱ÷ĿⶢŽ
ΨӱĮһУָĸо
Ϊ̽صǣͷߣȻĳͷ¶һͬʵ΢ЦóԼķһ˷֮ż򵥽
Ǵ˴ҪȥؾɽΪ
˵ࣺλ˴ؾһλõʦܣӦֻ֪֮Ǹʦޱȿ£һôܵʦж֣ܳҲΣеĿҲܴϣλСġ
˶˵ͷ
˴ţŷٿطɽȥ
·ҹԽããɽһ޼ʵεС
ȥޱ߽磬һؽԼţĴΧĸоʿԴ˵ΰʱҲη֮顣
˶û˵ٰٹָ㣬Խһĵ죬һƬϡС
ЩڸߣתĸɫâǲͬϵƮ
쵽ˣСĵ㡣
ٹûƭǿʱؾ֮УؾҪͬԵߣ⿪ǱҲ̤ؾΧѾõӰ졣
ҲСģһϸǰһͬĶ˵ϽԵĸ֪Χ
ǰһʦ֣Ϊߣɷʶ̽һ£ǻж࡭
ʶͷӳĲǽűһƬããޱ޼ʣ˶ʧС
һ£ʦ֣
ֻعͷǰҲ˸ı䣬ããƮһ죬һͥԺͥԺйСˮɽܣһƬ主˼ҵģ
²Ƿ󣬶̵ĺʯשһֱӵǰ񻨹Ŵ
գۼ䣬һ硣
ٲȷ⵽ǻǱŲ˿ռ䣬õ棬ָڽӴĵطƵһжԵ÷ǳʵ
֪ô𣿡
񣿡
ʶУٹûлشڷٺܿ췢Լ޷ٿϢ£ӡһˡ
ɫ΢ûоţıѯʶԺϵͳϵͳ
ڣ
΢΢˿֪ôٹˡ
ϵͳţֱӰ꣬һ壬ʲôҶֱӺԻٹֻǼʶǻþܱܿؾеˡ
Ҳô²⣬ʧȥ޴ķû뵽ģӽ䶼޷򿪣֪Ӧ÷һЩٹȵϡ
ؾٹ˵ĻҪΣգҲ֪ôˡ
̾˿Ĵ̽һ£ǰһŮӼæ
ŮӴԼ껪ʮֽΣ˿ȴ˫ᣬߵߣס󣬼ʵ磬ȾɩɩɣҪɩɩ
ɩɩ
üپĬһϢԼǽþܿǻþеġ顯
һסŮӵֱ֣߱߰Īôö˶˵Ҫ˳ӣϸ˵
ŮӣԲĿ⿴ɩɩɩɩǰձ׽ס˽֪ͨȾɣɩɩǸˣ磬ˡ˵˵ֿ

Ǻͷϵñӡ
ٺܿʶ⡮顯ܺƾйأ˵˴˿Ҳ˹е
𼱣ͬȥ
ְŮ䣬ٲһ첽ͥԺȥ
ռ·ʱ죬̤ͥԺپͿǰһӣӱΧˣ£мѹһˣˮơ
һ̲סϵͳƣ
л˵
Ϲһ̽أǣ
٣еʧһΪɩɩ



39 
֪ǲǻþ һòû˿ı䣬űһ Щ˾Ǻ ȥߵŮɩɩ ǣ Ҫɱɩɩ
ټֱ֪²ۡ
ôԶܿϵ֮ɫ޷ڸǣ ûͷɫôѿ
סǿһ ڸסԼҪڵЦ⡣
Ҫڲʹ޷óӰʯһҪһĻ¼
ڳЦͷ ߵŮѾЩȲ ӱȥܻߵˣˣҪɱɩɩҪɱɩɩ ǡ
ʱ˵Ŀⶼ٣ Ҫ׹Ľ
 λɫѿЩ
ٵûЦֻ¶ǳ΢ЦͰǷ˴ ȴҲ λϣ 罫ӽҴðɡ
Ⱥž ·һ˲ʧ ˶Ŀ͸ŹĮ
ãһλųЩ̬ӵҪ
ֻͫڣʮˣ˵ʱ˾Ӧߡ
ٱͫһɨ޶Щ亹ëȻĸоͷûоţȻºЦȻúý̵ӣλ岮ˡһΡ
ȺȻûֻ𽥿ĽŲƺ뽫ΧС
ŮҲڳĬͻȻЦܵߣ°ڣĻȣЦųñͷ¸ͨһӣ˶ˣɩɩžˡ
һƤֿΧΧˣܾԼǽʲô¡
λʹ˸ɫȻװǡ
һ߻Ǵų˹ֵҽ̵޷ͺúýѵ
˵ſ첽ߵߣף̧װҪȴѸٽߣⲻ֪ܵĶȻұ͵ˣ
˽һţߵԱһЩλãֲźݺݻ£Ҳ
ƲδףٵǰʱͻȻת˸䣬Աߵһơ
סȾܡ
ߣ
һ޷ʹ緲ˣλӱһ㣬Ҫ˫ֻסˡ
ͬǷˣСУԼʺһЩܵÿЩܱ߰ｭӡ
ò׽⿪˰סѾ׷ˡ
Ҫؾ˹죬ܿҪǶŲƾˡ
׷ĬĬԣĿڹ죬ͬһȺʬ
֮ǰŮȺЦţˡ
ʱһ˿⣬Ȼ֮ǰ˵ͳһѩذףϵӷ
ͫг֮ɫ·ʲôɱˡ
ֻһۣæջߣŽǰܡ
Ƭع쳣ƺѭĳЩĹ򣬱ЩȻܣȴҲֻ已̥
һ΢΢ϢߵĽУᱻ׷ϵģӾ𣿡
üͷ𣬺̵ܿᡣ
ãԽεӶ԰ȥҲµûӦþͲ׷ˡ
ȻѭĳЩȻҲ©Ѱ
ûлش𣬵Ȼͬ˷ٵ⣬˸ı䷽ӱܡ
ȺҲŸı䷽
ܵӱʱϸ濴һۣŵûʲôֵĶ
û˿ɣһܵӱߣż΢׼Ծ
ɾʱץذ׵ͻȻӿٶȣѸܵߣͫڣȴͳЦקס䣬˵ţˣ͵ˣӣ
ƺĳ趨ٴǵġ顯ҪԽ
üͷֱȴûѡ
ټ״֪̾Ͳˡ
Ǵŷ£û޷ⶫʼ̣޷ƣûе񷴶˳⡣
ٴѹ°ͷԼܵ뷨һ˽ϣʹһɣɹȡԼǣ߷ٴε
һΣû˿ԥֱһԾ¡
Ϊ˵Ķһ˿ͿǱһŵѸذͨ졣
ңҲȥ
Ѹٴ
ٶֱ۵һ£۱ѣ仮˺ü㡣
һ¿յѸԾۿǰ
ȴ֪Ƿ˿ͻȻһгٶֿ࣬ٸոԾ쳤ֱ۰ذ䡣
һʹƺһתһţԼеȥ
Ѿں棬λӵûӲŵ£һ£ѸֱסԺ浹µķ٣ѸӶȥ
Щ˹վںӱߣûֻڹͫ׾עӡ
ԺӲܿѸε˶棬üͷ壬ſ۷ٵĸѾѪȾ졪Ϊûֻлļ̴̣Ҳûлָ
ɫЩ԰ףסѪĸȴ򶨣ֻǼӿһЩߣҪͣ
üͷһۣ΢ɣֱ۴Լϣǰ
ֻһɫӲ԰ˡ
ŸѪ˿ڣЩ϶ʦֻ֣ǲˡ
ɫ䣬΢򴽽ǣֻǸˡ
已̥Ṇ̀ǻġ
΢΢Ϣ¶һ˿Цû뵽̤ؾҪˡ
ץָ΢δ˵ٱǡˣʦ֡㡢չ𡭡
ҴϢƺѾû˵
סļ򣬳١
ɷֻĿЩɢضͷްգ·ʲôõĶ΢΢ǣǣϵıȴЩˡ
ʦ֣չ𡣡
˵ŻϣƺѾ۵˼£۵ûˡ
٣
ֻһȻûֻۣбǼ仹΢ĺ
ӴøˣЩվںӶ԰ˣ΢Ѹٰѷٱ첽ǰ뿪Щ˵ߡ
ԺУϵͳɻȻ޷ʹҲ已̥ɣҾ˿ڶʼˣһô𣿡
޷ʹߵǾͻͷһʵЩŪʲôչ˸
Ͳ˰ɣ
ٵȻеԺ𣺡ʣûʹǻ۵ģһҾ;е㴭ˣ˵ˣ鱳ܣҶɣȻˡ

ϵͳԶԡ
֪һ·߲ˣԭ޶ͷë
Ĭŵǣûб㣬㡣
һֹ
һУҵƣҪǱ˿ˣϯҪҪˣ
Ѿ˻ԡˣͻȻֻΪƲ𣿡
ϵͳʵԼļ⡣
ٶʱա
ô˵˵Ҹովͼһһ㣬ˡ
ӺҲˣơͻȻˣֿµˡ
òײ޶һ㣬ҵһʡķʽе᲻÷
˼һԱˣ͹ɣû˿Ҳ˵
뿪֮󣬷ٱ㲻پᣬʼİõ˯һϾҲǸˡ
ʵ磬еľȴȫȻͬ
ŷѸܽ˺ӶС
ɫްиǻ谵һƬºڣŻ˲֪˶ã¶·ƤЩϸСĻۣͣ½ŲһŴ߽¡
谵žĻУֻҵĴϢ
ҲʧȻʱͨ˺һЩɸոŷιӣֱôãľ
ֻܻңۼҲ޷·
Ϣ˻ӣŷٵļ١
ߵɫ԰ףǸɺԣ΢ĺȻ޶
ͷ˿ڡ
˲ѪȾʪ˿ڿЩˣ˵ûҩҲûпɹĶӽ򲻿֪Ϊٴơ
΢ĬһȦ
Χֲ඼ûеģԱϣһҵһŽѩ׹ӵĹ
ûۣ
˼ֿ˷һۣ΢ԥһҧһھ׽¡
ûʲôζˮֱȽ϶࣬ԲһЩ
ȴһӣûʲôߵ߶£С飬С
ıܻڣȻԲѣ˿ڣǸ֪ˮ֣΢׽
˿
һιüӣԼҲ˼
ϢɫֲͶ°߲ӰӣںڰͬצĹȡ
Ӷĺڰɫ΢½ٱųصĽŲںڰǰ


40 Χ
þޱ޼ʣ ֪жʮʵ˴˷ֲʵ١
ŷھܲĴ˴Լһʱ ߳Ƭצ֡
ɫѰ ûڣֻһֵġɵĹӳ ǿǰ
֮Լӣ һ䡣
Ӳ ׺ϡĵƻ Եʮ֪ܰȻ˾ס
ɾ֮ǰһ⣬þ˶Щ ˭Ҳ֪˾ʲô
ٵҪ һ·ҲҪһЩЩվ޷伢
ڴ۲һҸطѷٷ£ǱӿܲҵЩʲôӿλ͵Ż˳
üͷ΢壬 ʶҪܣ ƺܺã һӾͿŲδ֮ǰЩɲȻЩͣ ݲƣ ȴʮºʹ顣
վڴ⣬ º͵ǱߵĹ Ҫ޵ģӣ Ѵɡ
üͷøˡ
û֣ķٴ΢ƺЩͲסֹܿƽ
ԺУٺϵͳЦЦˣþһģ趨һ͵˵Сϱ
ȻŲῪھͽС
Σ߰ͷҲʮֿôŻ֮ǰЩˣ·Ůӡ
ӱͳĬԣһر粵ųΪҲֻĮȻ
һʲô̳֡
Ȼ޷Ըһͨ˻ûʲô⣬֮ǰ̫ˣЩЩ
ŴüĿȽЩ߽˲ŷĿܴ飬ַĵĿ֮ͣǰЩĮȻĿȫͬ
ûз¾裬Ȼ俴
߽֮һ£ٲ԰׵ͺ͸ѪæкĺӰɣ˵ÿɲᣬǴСûʲô̫أҰѰЩҩǳŲˡ
Ļýüͷһֱûɿͷۻķ٣΢ͣ٣
ĿǰҲֻһһˡ
֮ǰЩѭĳЩΪǡ͵˵ŮˡҪɱٰߣǱˡЭߡҲڱ׷ɱ֮У֮ǰĵطԶм仹һӣ򲻻ıĻЩͷֻѵġСޡ
ˣӦҲҪɱǡ
˼ˣ߽˴䡣
Ǽİ˽ڵһ˼ҴŴ򿪣иƤڵĺ˳ѯʣţʲôˣ
ҲûжԽ¶⣬ֻЩɻ󣬴ԼһŮŸ˵˲в
Žűûҩ㿴⺢ӣˣûҩǰˡ
жں￴һۣ΢˼ɣǴˣ֮ǰ˻ʣһЩҩӦЩЧ
߽ţʾ⽭Ž
Ҳ˿Ц˵ӣ£ҩЧܺãоˡ
ޱ飬ԼѾԶԺˡ⼸֡
ŷٸں߽˷䡣
쵽һЩխɾķһСҩۡһҩĺһЩɾĲ
ԼɣҩͿ˿ڣҩڷſиСӺС¯ӣԺˮԺұߣﻹЩԵģɫˣҪϢˣԼչ
˵ֲߣһЩţʹˣˣȻؼϢɡ
ĬĬҩͲ뿪֮ǰ˾䡮лл
ںӶŶ뿪֮ſڴϵķ١
ɫЩ࣬ԥһ졣
ʱüͷ΢壬̡һ˹
ƺЩŪεأۺխݶòž۽ߣ֮ͶߵĽϡ
Щʹüٲ԰׸ɺԵĴ΢ʮ
ʦ֣Ķ
ˣջƣɫĮһ䣬ȻˣԼɡ
Ѳҩ۶˷ߣǰҩ߳˷䡣
Ŷ˵ſйӺ¯ӣ԰ҩ
߳䣬ţٲŹ𴽽ǣϵͳ̾黹Ҳ֪ƽǸô̳ӵġ
ϵͳЩŪĶȤζֻͳɣҪˡ
ҩͲʼ·
һ߸ԼһĶӣʣ׵ģûҸоܺòˡ
һ£ڴ£Ŷӣ૵ϵͳҶˡ
ϵͳΣ˵ҲûðûƾղʳĽָ
ûҪ˵ýĶҲ֪ܲܳԡ
Լ֡
ôУûһţԼĵˣһ㣬Ͳ˵ŪĶѳˡ
ٺϵͳ˼䣬ֵ˴ԼʱżһС̽
ֻ룬һǺɫҺ壬ֿɬζӦҩһһ࣬ȻЩϡ׺һЩɫĲҶȥͦʳġ
Ŀһ£û˼ôżװֵؿŽѶ˵ߣԱߵСϣЦˣʦ֡
һۣʲôҲû˵ȻɫĮ߳˷䡣
ٵ˾Ѹٶ༸ں꣬ȻüͷҩҲһں£΢΢ѹºĿ⣬Щ̹̱ڴϣ̾Ժȥ̽һϽʦ֣Ǹˡ
ϵͳԶԡ
ǵøո˼š
֪ǲǷڷ˵æµ֮Ҳû˵ûķЩĬȻ
ֱҹ룬ţƲأɵ˲ѪЩ飬ڴ˯ͻȻЩӣδü鿴ɿ쿪Ž
ʦ֣ǡ
һ仰û˵꣬Ѱסļһֻס䣬ɿȻŷٿ첽߳˷䡣
٣
ţôͺ߳ܣϯҲҪġ
΢΢˶΢죬Сʦ֣ܻܲ
졣
΢䣬Щȡ
ٱһ̧ͷȥֻԺһƬӣ˲ٵƻȻǼҼһˡ
סĶһҲˣӺӱЩңŷ٣ںɫ΢٣ҪҰ𣿡
УһСϱˣȻǲġ
ɫ΢壬ͷ۷٣أлл
ҲǿǣԼĺӺӣɿԺȥ㱧ˣǴӸ޻ƣҹѲߵ˿ɽֻµ¾͵ˣҪȥɽһܣЩ˴ٻ
ŵǸȵȳʳȻ׼ˣӾϮ
ͷûҲͱͨЩЩȭŹ޻֪ʲôȼģȻҲӲӲ
ɫŷٸڶںŴĴɽȥ
֮ǰһֱڡΡű˻۲һˣ˺֮ǰĲһֹºͿ࣬Ҳ鶯Щʲô֮ͷ·ˡ
³ӼҶŴСݳصŶǰ
Կ˿ѵķ֣һ̧ͷ°ͣڵʦ֣ɣҿԼ
졣
һ߸˿첽ǰһ߽ȷٰѻ˵꣬Ѿһ䣬֪ǲǲʱ飬ǸɴԼߵøЩ
ĴǣɫЩ޹
ԺУϵͳ̾㿴ˣҪңҲû취
ϵͳ侲Ǳ
νûʲô𡣡
ԼϸҪ޶ܾܾɣ
΢΢Ʋ죬ɴİõڼи·ȴŻްЩĺϵͳûǣþպѿ
ĴҴææܵ˸ɽӦЩٺԼӺͺ֮ͰȥôҰѻϨ𣬲Ҫɽȴ뿪
§ŷҲһ£֮§ţΪپߡ
ӺӶԱߣһ㵫Ů˿һۣοİɣǶûˣЩûʲôǻۣڴЩԵģͻߵġ
˵ֿ٣Ǽˣ΢ͣ٣СӣҪúôϱҰأһ·ǰУѰҽҩźˮҲǲס
ٱסǵЦݣ΢΢𣬳Ů˶һ񣺡лɩӣҶúôġ
Ա߽ɫѾšˮˡ
ɶȴûһȻЦſǣ˻ĽǸõʱʱҼ˸Ҳôء
̾ش𣺡ɩ˵ʲôҿɩҲܺãǶһղĽɩôᣬͶǰ䡣
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ɶʱ˻Ӽ״Ҳû˵ʲôܿҶ˰
ʱӵķ޵ĺ
ǲҳ϶¶ɫ
˿úܽѹͽʦֻ֣ؾĿ顣
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û˵ֳֻء
Ҫޣֻ̫ѣ׳겻ֿ࣬ȭͨǿܵһУһֻ
Ĭãͬѹʲô취
Ƭ̣ŵһ⣬ֻֻһȥʦ֣յƺЩˣ㵽ʱڴңˣͻ㡣
ݳţòŵûнأ
ٻû뵽Ϊ취Щգôʣ΢٣¶һ˿޷εıˣŸЦ֪ʦ϶Ȼƽ̸ı֮ֻ޷ûʦ֡շ𣬸ѹһѡ
ͻȻһ˿Եζ
л˵
٣ôǲͻȻԭǸˣ

ϵͳ˼ҵƢá
٣˭˵ģҲܵòã
Į齭
ᵥ١


41 ͻݵ
ӷ·һʶǰˡ
ǰԷٵӡֻſšӡıҡ
һ̽أ һΪؾȷʵĴ󣬿ɸԭ򣬻Ϊ
Ϊѣ Լٲ̫˳ۣ ȻӦԼ
һ·Ƿ֮һֱչˣ ʵϣ ҲΪǰû뿪 һ Ϊܹ
һôеˣӲǷ顣
ֱڣ˵ȥЩޣ ӡǸϯԶ
ӡеķٸĮȻ飬 ռ˱ռʱйΪ˳ͷҪԼ
ֵⷽмְյģֻǲ̫øʦ֣ ʦҲعڵģ ȹһ ȥһˣԤУҪ۲ƾ
ԤнҲһЩ ƺ֮ĹĸӦ
ĬƬ̣ ŵ˰ɡ
ҪҪ÷ȥޣ ûлӦ
Ҳ⣬ ԺֺǺǵƣ ϶Ҹжˣ˸Ҳ޷ܡ
ϵͳγĬֻĵҪǽ֪װôԶ
һҹ޻
ɫ΢ȥ͵͵ȥ̽һ£ŴǷء
Ҳŷٸڶֻص˶ǼСķ䡣
ٹһҹҩȷʵԵú˲٣Ҳڷˡ
ͽʦ䣬ʦַȥҶ
ӦǴͷ죬ʱԺʰ޲ȻĶ
ǳڵ¶Щƣʲô𣿡
ٵĲ΢΢һЦ˵лǡ
һۣʰֻƽ⣬Ѵ֮Ҳʲô
ô˵лǵҩʳ
лһ䣬¿ڵʵģ磬֮ǰˣǴҲһУҵűһ
ô˵ϵһЩڰ֣˵ˣⲻʲô
˵ꡣºͣʮжȣ΢΢վֱ壬ԳһƬ
ҷ޶˱Ҳ޵֮ˣֻǣԵҲ޷óǣţŴѾãȻ˲ٵʧˣұǽ⣬㿴Σ
ʵص϶ȻֳһƬ
Ķ첽ߵǰĿ⾼޵֮ˣĿ԰ǽޣ
˵Ҳ޵һƤëҲᱻ˳ˡٿЦһױͨ˶ЩֶΣǣԸһԣֻǻҪָ֪Щ޵ľ
ⲻ⡣
򴽣жһ˿УǽܶԸЩǿޡ
΢Цһԡ
á
ɫ΢ɳܽЩޣǴӵĴˣһӶǵĶ
ˣ»ҪգȴȥǴӵˣͬ˵˵
û⡣ţæɳ߶Ƽأţȥǽй
˵кЩغõûб޷ֵĳʳǣſ첽Ժȥ
ٿæӰ¶һ˿ЦݣɫȴһֱЩ
ȥ˵ļ϶а𣿡
ܹҪһԵģʦַģҷٵӲţڴ˴ġ
Щȴýǰ
λʦܺôţǰֻҲ̹Ȼȡ
룬ٲ֪СԺʯϣŶóĳʳߺͶˣһ
վԱߣضŪӣż˵ЦǹЦһĪָС
˵ĺ̫Ϥɷپ˺˵Ц˵ǰû¡
ǼǰţŵӿһˣűƸֱ¼Ϊŵӣ֮ڶ̶ʱսϯսشսʤ֮Ϊشϯ
߸ϵݣľν΢ĩһ·ǰԼϤʵԭ
΢⣬ȥĳ˼Ҳ¡
ټ£кʦ֣Ҳ԰֮вء
ʲôûУΨһ㣬ʳ̫ȱ֪˱Ƚ϶ԵʣΪǻþá
һҧһڣ׽£ŵϲӣ
⻰ʵ÷ЩĪ
Ƴ۽ֵֹܾģ룬ŵҲϲɣ޹ľСˣǽõʲôթ
ûзҲδֻͬĬҧһڡ
Ȼ֮ſڡ
֮ǰżΪβ𣿡
ȻĮˣΪֶԸôĮ£
ٲɿЦʦ֣ʵˣʵҪģɵҩºЩ˭֪һûһ
űĶ΢̧ͷһۡûҪһֲֻĬһŵ㲻˵ֻʣһţ
ǰǾżֻзõһŲнϴЧڶЧС࣬ŸûʲôЧˣ׼һţһͬŵ黻һʣһű׼űõģ˭ʦҶһ
ϣʮ޹ƺ˵ֲʦ־ͱûȥˡ
ƺû뵽Σ΢ʲôҲû˵ֻĬҧ˿ڱӡ
ٱԺͬϵͳЦڷ鲻ϲǷ˼飬ƤҪҿ϶ֲҪȻ˼ڡ
ϵͳ侲Ҫ𣿡
Ȼɫƾ޶ëлȥĵԼƤܹң
ϵͳ֪ô˵
ڷٶӵЦгĬҧһӡ
ܿż߽Ժӡ
٣ܵɳǴޱȽϤļˣʲôʵľʰɡ
š
ٿһۣɫ𣺡ƺˣͶɽ֣ﱣǣ֪޾λõģԻͼңǿҲС
ʵЩɣ˵ҪѽﱣǣɽʲôҲûˡ
λɳһ·˵ɳƭǡ
и˿ڵ֪λãǿ壬ɳҪСģ򲻿ɲ֮
ףλ˵Ұɡ
ٵͷȻº͡
˱ͬ˵
ҹ
һ죬ʵѾ˿ϵòˣֻ˺ۻЩɲ
ͽһµ⡣
Ϊڱǡޡһֱչ˷٣Զûиǰŵڶ䣬˼Сްķڣڴ߾Ĭá
֮󣬷ٲſһ¶һ˿Ц⣬ʦ֣ɫˣ񶼲ʹͬһ㣬û˯ЪϢɣ쾫񲻼á
ЩԼǺٺ׽ܲϰߡ
ô˵Ĭһŵȥ档
𰡡
סֱۣĳʦ֣֪㲻ϰ߱˿㣬Ҷˣ˵أʵûа취պϴպϰɣҪһϣĻᾫ񲻼õġ
⻰ġ
ڻþ˭Ҳ֪ᷢʲô⣬ֳľǺҪģڴˣЩСҲͲһˡ
Ƿ˵õȷЩڽһ֮˷䣬ûж˵ʲôֻǴӴһڵϣ¡
ǰѴø˷١
ٿűԼµͷЩεҡҡͷ
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ϵͳֻǲϲһ˯
ôˣֲŮˣ
˵һʱֱ׳ϵͳûзŵֲ˯£Ҷûء
ûпܣֻǿ˵ķϣԲøġ
ϵͳԼʷһλΪɱϵͳ
ƫЩ鲻ԸҲǹʦ䣬һô죬ôҪǡ
ٿԼ壬̾ѱӵڵˣҸʲôѽһᶳŵġ
ϵͳ
һٵû˼ѱӻֻֽ̯ڴϣĿֱⷢؿŻްݶ
ҹɫУСްķ䣬Ҳ˯ˡ
ڶһ磬ϡЩʣȻû̫ȴ˼֡
ѵЩʱѲ˽ӰǴϡ
ۣЩⶶ˻ûаڵָϣġ
ϵͳ
ؾһ䡮
ûãԼǹˣ˸С̣һҩһСˣмѩ׵ͷ
ѵÿô¡ĳʳĿһ̴ӴȥãʲôЩ˼ƣ˾䣺ʦ֣𣿡
ûشֶ࣬ƺЩĩ㡣
ЦɳӶã첻㰾ҩˣǼţڸɽ׽ֻҰ㿴඼ˣȳԣҸЩʳ
¾߳˷䣬ֻ·ЩεؿͷճĬ
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л˵
٣Ŷ
ϵͳ
٣ҵ˼ǣͻŶ
ϵͳ˵˾˻
٣
#ƽ̵İײȷʵò#


42 ³
ЩεУ ڴ£˳һٻʢš
˷δ ޷ ڴЩ£ǽڵúܣ űŴɽȥˣ ˳ٹ۲ΧɽֵĻλáվûԼ̽ȷУ Ͼ˶ڻþ
ٽʱŻ
ļ϶ ڴߣɫǳؽԼ۲쵽θ߷١
ֻ͵ȼޣûʲôǻۣ вֻ ԼܻþϽƽﶼִɽϣȥ뿪أÿһʱ䶼Ϯӣǰв֮ڣ Щչ۲жķ ܼʱܿ
һһ˵꣬ ſ˷һۣȬսһֻޣ Щظü һֱֻǣ ӵ Ҳ
һѡ
ٵ˵ͷ ȴ΢Цʦַģ²ΪҶȻʱ£ҿɲ
ˣҲͲȰĿǰҪ⿪ʱûʲôð취
Ϊʳһʮַʢζš
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þ֪ιܣҲκѭ˲Էͻ˯ͻۣһʵ졣
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ڶ˺ü죬ڼϮһΡ
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죬һӾţٳԱ㣬ڴκͽЩĿлָ̤˽֮á
һɽ֣΢Цɢ飬¶֣ر顣
˿Ӳ䳶һϸϸβһö顣
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۹ΣƵĲ϶ŵر˵޷ܵҲ˵ⶫޣرûʲôǻ۵ޡ
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ѭͬĹöˮǻᣬҪģǽֻǶֻһɱֱʣһֻֻʱ֮
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û˿ţȻԺĵͼĵԽ޵ĵ̣ɽȥ
ڼ䣬ϵͳ۾ʱʱһ䣺ұߡ
㰴Լĸоϵͳʾ㿪Ϯ
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лɳ
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Ψüδʣߵǰˣ
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⻰˵ʮֺ
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ʶҲʲôˮϴ֮ǰһ£ˮᵽЩ˼ضԽʦ֣Ǹܲȥһ£
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ٷģһۺǰһһģλʦַ·Ҳ˵ˣϴ軹ҪҲͦ顣
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²ᱻѪҲᱻˮʪֻԼϴһ飬ֱϵ˿ڣ·£ѱۼ·Ͱ߳䡣
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֮ǰʱ䶼ģ޵֮ʱžͱˣҹ
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ڣĮˡ
Ͼֻǻþܵ硣
š
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һۣ߽óһ̯һǣһЩɡ
ɫƽԡʱǸҵġ
áϧǻþеˡ
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סƳһۣ˵ı飬Щ֣İɣ⼸ճҪΪŮףҪ˭ȢóǧǿǼӶܲĸ
ף
΢΢һ㶣ĪԤУ˼ԭأΪ𾪵ˣһ˿ư뿪
˼ٿʦ֣˵ǸŮûп飿
Ȼ⻰ú޵ȴӦûһѡ
ûлشֻͻȻŲ˽ֱһʾϡ
ټ״߹ȥ
ߵʾǰŷһͨ˵и˵˳ǧȫ֪ͨٵģٸ֪һƽ
ͨԱ߻һŻȻʴЩҰٻͨһЩԵϳ˵
ۣ
λѹҲǺܺá
ٰ̾һ˵ʲôԶͻȻ˺
˸Ⱥָߣҿһۣûüȷָ˭һ˷ӵɫеǧߣҲߡ
ָľǷٺͽ
ʵһ£ЩߵԣѸסֱۣܣ
þҲ֪ôģ
ĬظһܣĸֵڰЩ˦
ٷԱߵǽڴϢǵҵۣʦ֣ʲôð취𣿡
ûôֻ΢΢Ϣ˼£ƽϢ̧ͷĿЩ֡
ٲɾ裺ʦ֣
Ȼòŵǧ㡣
ԣ
΢˿Ȣ
ٴ΢ЩԶԣ˶٣أǿǻᵽ㡣
ɫƽݣڷעĿ£ߵϣֻõ㿷ޡ
л˵
٣ʦ֣㱻ˣ
ƽ̣ѣҪֵ˽̻ˣ


43 ̫Ƶ
٣
ôһ˲ ǰͷǲϢбĸָˣô˵ó˾㤵Ļ
Щŵ˿ڿˮС ʦ֣ û°ɣ
ǲë޶̫࣬ѽ޶ëˣ
վڽϻͷ Ŀ嵭ˮ
ߣ
ŶŶ
ٸæ
Ϊ֮ǰ⣬ Щԥ
ʦ֣ ˵ҪҪ
бİ취 ϶ǲԸȥǸǧģ˭֪ʲôħ֣ȫޣֲ֮ǰط ǲìܣ ֻ߶߲ˡ
У治ɫֻĮȻ

ٽ⿪ۣ£Ȼӱͷϣ ˳Ӱס˰
֪ǲĴ ܾ鴽Ǻһ£ ŵۡ
һ㣬ҵˡ
֪ǰճѰˣ
һ룬ְϡ
Ҳǣ ǻþ ɷǵ𣿡
ǸطֲԤС
̽ǧǲ顣
̧ͷһۣ ӿŲ
ڳ룬 ߵ¥ǡ
ٺͽ⣬ ѭΧǽһȦҵһһЩĵط
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û˿أԶһЩĵطԿԼӰƺǳе
ϢЩѲߵѸٵشСһŮ
Ůŵûȴס޷ٴӱɿǽǣһĿ⣬ɿס͵֡
ǰɪɪŮ΢΢ѹɫĮҲɱˣʵңҾֻ㡣
ŮƳͽ֪뵽ʲôæסͷ
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ŮССףǳҪΪСѰһ
ö˶˵ģΪҪΪСѰ
Ϊ
ŮЩԥƺĻ漰һЩڳܡ
ټ״ֿסĲӡ
ǳҪԼҪ
Ůŵÿ޳æһԵҡ˵ΪΪС˽̥ͨᣬ˲뼱һλŮ
˽ͨˣ
ٶʱ鲻̫̫ġǡ
ǣСһֻ˽֮ͨ˽ԣԳŽ
ٶپ֣룬ֵ֮ǰͨǸˣǲСġ򡯣
˵Ǻۡ
ŮҧŴǣѸҡͷǡ
ͳٵ֮ˣΪ۾Ǹ˽֮ͨˣԳͨ
΢΢üٴοڣǸ˽ͨ˭ʲôӣУΪʲôҪͨǸˣ
һô⣬Ůһ£Щµǡ˽֮ͨһˣѾڳĵˣͨΪΪ
ıһЩݣһҧ˺С˽ͨ˻죬ҡ
ŮǸڱȽ׽Ů֪ͣĻ˵⻰ʱ¶һͬ
ڷٵв£һ˽֮ͨ˵ĵģȻپȵط֣˾Ȼ飡
ǳǧ񱻹ڵΣ˻ġˡӡӡ
֮ƺԱ𶼱ߵˡ
ɷ򣬽͵˵ġӡͺҲߵǳǧأǳͥɣ
ٲźۼ۽û¶ɻ飬ŷ
ζֻ顮һŮˣԱߵҲ뵽ⷽ棬ֻݡ
֪ģٺԥһưŮΣϵǽǵͬ
ͺ۶ˣǧܿǳͥʦ֣ǱҪһˡ
˵ġָķʽ
üͷ΢壬֮ǰ飬ûеһʱͬ
˼ŵǳͥأ
ֻܼˣҾǳͥĿܴܺ󡣡
֮ͥӣû̫ǻҵľأǧȻڳУǱ谮ŮûΣգͺ۾ͲҶˣһΣһͨ
ô˵ûз
á
͵͵ǽȥſڡ
ϱŵ£ʮưҿСѡеķң
֪ǲǾ趨ֻʲôԭǷ˽ȥҺܿһλܼǰ·
һߴʱ·һͬǹܼҵ˵Сϲңǰڽһʱ³ç£֪ɷȥһС㡣
ܼ¶ЦݣȻã칫ȥҼСͳˣֻǲ֪λ

΢Ѹٽͷ״ǳСǿޱȣҷСһʵڲԸ壬죿֪ɷСΪҷ˰һȥǺţѰһλչҲá
ǹܼұЩüĻ֮󣬶ʱϲЦտ޵һλĺˣģҼС㶨ȻΪλﰲš
ãҾͷˣлܼҡ
΢Цųһ񣬲ŸܼҴǰ
ĮȻɨΧͨͬطĵ·
Լӣܼ
һ۾ͿɫࡢЩձĳͥ
΢˿¶һĨºЦݣ̤á
ͥϣԱ߻һλˣ˶׽ʵЩζ˳ͥгľٶ
ٺͽ߽ãʦܼӯʦ֣
ԱߵĳȴûֻóϵĿ⿴ŷ٣ѯʹܼңСѡķ
ǣ
ԱǸ˭
λӵķˣģѾ׼ˡ
ܼؽǰ˵֮˵һߡ
ɫûʲôЦݣɨ˷ٺͽһۣЩĮҶĸ֣ؼЩҲ㣬ӣҲƴ
治ɫֻ˹֣л֪ɷҺС㵥˵仰
һŹܼ뿪
뿪֮󣬳ͥŴλλʦɫί˵ߵʦ֣ǰʦһ٣ڵҲ֪ˣкʦ֣׷ɱˣǿӳȥ޷뿪̫Զ
Щü
ΪͽѾˣû뵽ңֻгͥûʲôˡ
λʦһ䣬ŵӦЩʱˣλж˽⣿
£ͥæᣬɫصʦ֣λǸߡ
ֻһ䣬پ֪Ŀǰľжˡ
þĵһߣҵ已̥
˰üģٿǰĳͥʵ֮ǰиŮ˵ǧ˽̥ͨᣬô£
˵ͥɫһɫӺףֱЩࡣ
ͷƺ֪޷ܾشʦֵ⣬ֻŵŵҡҲ֪ô£ǶͻȻиһŶĸо·𡭡
پȵس죺滳˺ӣ
ʶͥĸ
ʦɫѸǺ죬˫סɿҡͷǵģʦֻ֣Ǹоһ޷ںϽǻˣ
⻰˵꣬Ѿˡ
˿ʲôʶ۽Ķӡ
ӱ⣬ɱһͻȻףָֻĮȻٺ˼ЩҲ
һعͷȥ
Ҳʶһ뷨ǻþݣǽ˳˳ǧҲҪͥһﴧ˵֮𣬵ֻҪһ뵽棬پͺӰʯ¼Ÿƽ̿
ôԼӡСӣһǳؾʡ
ѹ´Ц⣬ٵסǣЩǶ޷㻹ܸо֮Ī˵ƾĹؼȾȳʦãҵʦܣ֮оŶ
ͥ¶ʮֱ˵ı飬ֲҷʦֵĻֻ粵һ䣺ڵǶʦ֣ʱ׼ȷһЩ𣿡
һ˼
ν̯̯֣ŵˣúḁ́Һͽʦȥôʦá
ʦܵļ򣬶¶һ콵αȿǡǡı飬źͽ߳˴ֻ³ͥŸĸо
л˵
٣롭
㲻룡
٣̫ϧˣʦôǳǧأԸΪ
ŭ죡
#ƽ֪ؾֽʲô츲صľ޴仯#


44 û
߳ 뿪˳ʦܵߣٲ¶̿ıЦʦ浹ù
Ȼ˵Ļ ıȻû˿ϧӣ Եʮá
һۣǳջߡ
ĳ̶ֳ˵ ͥȷʵˣ ûΣգ ǵľá
ӵһηԭſķҲһ棬 ֮ǰһЩУӡеǸķϯЩͬƺЩζ
ͬ ٶӡҲӱˡͻݡ޶ëı
Ҳ֪ȥ֮ƽܲܽϯӳΪϲѶ
˴ ٺͽҵ֮ǰλܼңѯϢ
ܼЩ졣
үСͬ˵ˣ
ɫݣЦŵͷЩԣ ͵ܼҲصģ Ҷ֪ˣ Сﻳ˵ĺӡ
ܼɫȻһ䣬ͻȻЩ˭˵ģ
С׿ں˵ġ
ټ΢̾СҲǸĿˡ
үģǺܿͻᴦˣ С顣
ܼ˵űҪ뿪 æס ܼˣ ϧС㣬 ҲϧĺӣɱˣСĺһû˸ף
ǹү˼ǡ
ܼЩŪˡ
˷ųɫº͵ǺӵĸףģҲǵƶ֮ˣ֮ǰҲзˣ֪˲Ŀҿǰ˷ųСú˵һúõ𣬻֮ͨˣץҲɴҶ˵ȻһҲӭжˡ
⻰ùܼҿĿʮ֣ƺ¾Ȼôȵˡ
ΪԼСãδүںţԸŽٺòģûɱǼΪ˼Сġ
ãǱүԣȥ˴ֻιүúȰ˵С㣬ǳȻ㡣
Ȼܼҷġ
΢΢֣һƬȻ֮ɫ
ܼұ㵱ȥ
һ̣ۼˡ
ʦúòң˴һٲŹؽΣϻа߲Ѫڵʮңɫ԰ףңһҲ˵Ļϯ
٣㲵ӹһ˿ң侲¶ҵķ˿΢ͣʦ֡
æ£ͥһ𣬲ŵʦãû°ɣ
΢΢ҡͷֻЩˣ¡
Ǿͺá
ٵͷˣУʦƾֵĹؼ㵤Ψһ֮ǳǧ𣬵õĳ谮ֻл˽ء
˵£ͥҲ˲Ͼʦ˵ˣֻʦ֣ҸЩʲô
ȡٿ侲ҳɻ顣
ͥɫɺЩݵʦʦ֣ǶˣЩЩ
ٴ΢ûʲôأ˵ҳɻ飬װӳİţܽͳľģгȥ̽飿
⡢֪ˡ
ͥԾˣϵĺɫûȴأͷȫҿ٣ֻ÷Ų֪˵ʲô
ûΣֻŪƾֵʲô֮ǰ뽭ʦ־ؿйأһΣûɱǵ˼ƾ֮Ҫϸϸǡ
ʦ˵
΢΢ͷͥв޶¶ȡ
ʦǳЩܼҪҵʦ֡
⻰˵ްڣͥ΢΢򴽣ͷ͵ĸˡ
ʦԸĮ˵Ҳʮֲ棬ܾʱ˵ĽŸУָоڷʦǰƽ޹ʵһͷ˵ҲʵǳЩʦʦ̫֮С
ͥаģؾ֮̽һҪȥúȡ޳طʱͲˣҲ԰ʦֵæ
˵óʦ˴ȥԡˣȥ֪˵ǧӦ롮򡯾ͬɻ飬үҲԸġӡ
ԴϲĽòѣպɻ飬ʱҪڳϯȫǵ˲硣
ͬʱҲΪ˵ġʶ࡯۵ͨΪʾ˵ǧٵüҲμӻ硣
ʾǷҪôдģǺۿӦþˡ
պ󣬴顣
ͥɥһһɫȹ۵ķǣź񲢼˳ȥ
Ц⣬ͣͬ߹ص˹񣬷·һ㣬Ա߳ͥĽˡ
Ҳʦ´ݣʱⲻ˽ţ˿̡
ڸߴЦݿ˰ãʦЩ㣬ֻӴ͡
ֵʮִƱյշǳ졣
ȵ߷˵ͷЩڸǵĺۡ
ʦЩŸʾ٣ֱռǲȷ
ٶűƿҲյѹʦ֣ô£
ٽžƴսߣЦߵǽǱӦ㣬˵Ѷˡ
Ŀ΢ЩʱڵЩ㲵ÿЩҲƱһ£ЦǱףүúˡ
лл
Цתͷȥơ
һ죬ͬȢһ㣬ó㣬æµɫ𽥸ǣŷ¾Ʊص䡣
ıʮ⣬һͳͥúùӣ뿪·ռޡˡ
ǰһߣ̴ͥӴѴļһǣЩеʦ֣ǿȥӺʦְɡ
ٵ˹أ˲پƣ΢죬˵Źɾ⣬ͥɿ죬ȴʮֻذѴ£˶÷ڴϣŵʲôô춼ȥˣҲһʱˡ
ź·Σͳͥ뿪·
Ѿ߱ͥѰ˸ͷˣ˿ţϡ٣ƺֶƽϢ
Ѿӵۣߣٺͳͥ¶Цݣʦ֡
ٵͷߵһ𣬼ԱѰ˸žĿշ䣬Źϣſʼйڴ˴ؾ¡
ȵ⼸ղ̽˳⣬ֳԲ޷뿪ˣ֮ڣֻǳأЩǳص˷·ƾ
˵꣬ͥҲֵʦ֣Щסڳ˵ºѹһʲôû˵
á
˵꣬䲻˸ã󣬵ǳ
ҶԼɤӣŴεյǸ޷ʹȫƾˮȵе࣬Ӱҵ˼
Ȼֱɵɿ
ͥǴδķʦЩסֻŴǣɬԣЩԾԾԵӣƺйھƵĹ£ϾҲǸϲƵˡ
Ψ䵭ãջߣԲô顣
ָ֮ǰʱģ֪ΪȢϱˡ
ٿһۣƵôУһǳô죿ʦ֣øлңҿҴλã򻻳κһóɡ
⻰ҲûֻзݵôȻ
û磬ֻƽؼ
ͥ˵ͨصֻһ·棬ͷһȾ޴ʯסֻƲΨһԿڳϡ
ô˵ǻŪԿף
ü룬ʲôرϲĶ𣿻Уƽʲôã
ҲǺ
ͥ¶ɫֻܼ˵ϲȥȾơ
ǺȾƣá
ѹ¾ã֪̾ˡ
룬ͻȻ𣺡Ůɫ𣿡
˻һ˽Ŀⶼϣú߱΢䣬ȴǿʲôأʦǳġ򡯣ҵ˼ǣŮɫԿ׾ͺЩ
˯ʱҪ·ɣԿȻҲˡ
ͥȴҡҡͷû˵Ůɫ
ǾѰˡ̾˿ĳʦܵļ򣺡Ǳֻܿˡ
ǣͥס
ŮķʵڲУ˵ȥص׿һۡ
ͥɫ̽Щ޴ʦ֣ҡҲᡣ
ʲôģſھЩ˵Ůȥص׿ˣһӦҵĶԲԣȻʵڲдҲС

ͥͣͽŲ档
һŹеʦʦ֣ǲǺˣ
ܾ÷ʦֱ֮ǰ΢һЩ
ûа
գЩȣֻǾþƺȶ˼άˡ
ȡ
һټһ¶ӣ׼ʾţ
ûʼͻȻס˼
ɫ΢䣬ЩüˣȥϢɣ˵
ȷʵǧΪϡ;Һ޷ΪʱҲֻ已̥
ӣԺȶˡ
ûУֻȣ
ɫϿңĿպβ˵ӣͼ͡
ޱ飬˵ɴץסļ򣬽˱𣬴·ȥ
֮ʦʦ֡
л˵
ͥҿʲôãȻ
٣ûôƣСϯܸǳ׸衣
ϵͳ
#ӱϰˣʶ͹Կ#


45 㿸
ѷٷŵ·Ĵϣ ɫ䵭ƿӣ֮ǰһǺãֱ壬 վڴߡ
űЩãȻķ٣ ĮȾٺȵ㣬裬 ѵҪչ㣿
ͷپͻݡͬ ЩζͬʱȴǸ ϵһŲͨ ſ֣ԸᣬûΪ ֻҪ˼չ
ٱ仰˵Щ֪ԡ
ö˶ˣ ˣ
Ҳûľ仰˵˰ɣҪǼѡôϡʲͨ÷¶Լ
շȵͬʱЩ
˼һЩˣҲ֪ǲǺ˾ƵԵʡ
Ž䣬 ༸˺ܿҲ ͥЩǵؿһۣ еʦ֣û°ɣ
û¡
ٵҲûôץűڴϣ Գֹɣ Ȼؿ º͵ǰ˵㿼һ£  ǿɶˡ
ͥաڡһӺЩ̧ͷʦʦ֣һŬġ
ʦ־ȻȻǺˡ
š
Ѹٵͷ򴲶ֻ㶿ŴºͣȻڴˣҾ˳˯һɣʦ֣ʦãʦܣʦܣףǺΡ
˵۾𽥱ó
ͥͺ۶һۣЩ۸ǵǵʦûȻʦദãɴʦֺ񲻻˵Щ
ֻûֱ˵ʦǲǱ˶ˡ
ԱĬȻһͻȻڵʦˣǳȥ̡
ͥ۴ϣЩԥʦ㡭
Ҳȥ
俴һۣ˶Ƶ⣬ſ£š
ͥһۣ룬Ҳһ¡
ǺҿûֱȻߵ룬Ҳѧ£ɻûƨɰŵأ鲻̫𣺡߿
ۣ
֪λϯ̫ദûеɣ
һ䵭ĮȻ㵲·ˡ
Żͷ۽յţ¶Ȼı飬ЦЦߵͥԱߣҺʦһɡ
ͥȺСĵ˵ͷԱŲŲճЩλá
лл
ۿһ䣬¡
ֻ̱ʣӻվԭء
˺ͽ죬ϴ˽ĴѶλʵûʲô˵һ˵ȻͬˣȴǸ룬Ƕ̫ܺλ˵ϻ
Ҳһ
˾ŽƺĳĬС
ûж˵ʲôҲûǴ򽻵˼ٲڳ֮󣬼ѡ֮úϵ۹ŵţת뿪
ʧŨĺڰ
ڶһ磬̫ѨһѺô۵ϲóһŻһź档
ҷŴϵʱͲ࿴һ۴ϻʲô𣿡
ˣŪʹúܡ
ϵͳԺ侲ˡ
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ٽƱ磺ֻе㱻ƾ񾭣˶ѣûҿڳĿ˭˻ôѡ
ϵͳҲ⣬ֻ콭ǹ㣬˿ˡ

ٷֻĻͺ棬Ĭһ
֮ŴӴ򶨣ûϵֻҪҲΣεľǱˡ
ϵͳһ䣬ߵűߣٻûסԹָʲôëôϲҲҪӵ𣿡
ϵͳĬ
˼䣬ٴ˳ȥ
һͲ㱻ŵ
ѡһͦʬſڣ֪ĻΪһѡ
˻
ٰ˰Ŀڣѹѿڶ໰ǿ¶ºЦͰʵô˯ʦأ
ýûͦʬȻһ
ûΪ֧ţҲЩۣͥæ۾ӵϵʦˣ
š
ٿ½ˣ̾˿ô˯
㴲˯£˯ϰ·ﻹмӣ⼸˵ôģ˯ͦʬ
ͥڨЦͷʦ˵ǶҪʦϢ

Щο飬ȴֻĮɫưĿ⣬ƺԳͥĻûκηӦ
ðɡ
ٲЩֻٴεʦأ
䣬ʹԶ
ɫ䵭ضһộʳһǸմӳ˳ģð
Ŀæӭȥæʦȫˡ
Ǹͻݵı鰡ýֿԴˡ
Űϵʳ£ٽ·ϣкѡš
ͥͺĿЩ֣鵹Ǻֱ
붯֮ǰٰסߣɫллʦ֡
ʦһ£Щǿ˵ллʦ֡
ֵɨǺһŵлʦΪҵȲ͡
ʮּл
Ƕлٲ¶һ˿Ц⣬԰ɡ
֪ΪΣ˵ĸо·𳤱һ㡣
ֵţԸȥ;ߣ֮żҹĻ⡣
ٵûû֪ǵ¡
ʦܣ㿼ǵôˣֻ֮ʣǼ̫˳ۡ
һϵ˼ͥԼصҧȥʦ֣һᾡӳǶõԿ׵ġ
ţ㲻ʧ
λʦܵļ䣬˵ʦȥ취ŪԿףʦܣȥоһûǲ֪ϢҺͽʦֻʦȥǳʦʧܣֻٲûҪطı
֮Ϊ츳ȻǽΪףһ·ȫǷţҲû˾ʲôԣȻĸо
ӱˣȻɫ䵭ɷ˵ʱҲġ
ź˸Եг̣жʼ
ڷ˼źͲ鿴Ůȥʦʦûϣ˷ǽ뿪˳
ڳйһҵȥʱһС⡣
ǷڵСס˽˵˲ڣɫһƬ䡣
ѹסǵЦݣŬڳһưģϹ˹ۣ۾үǳǧķôһƷҪʣ
Сһǳǧķæֵ̿СĲңȷʵйأ˲롭
û˵꣬㱻ٴϡ
ǳǧĺѣŲҸ߳˵ӳ

Сһ¹ȥæ
⻹ࡣ
ٱŽ˽ȥ
濴ͦߵֹиָľˮвٸ輧輧ʮ󵨣Ӳýɫֱ塣
Ψˮһһ㣬һʹӽ̽ȥǸ䣬һλġáȥ˸ڰ䡣
ڰԱɫ̫ÿҡͷģʣʦãʦ֣ǿһʱľ޷ΪһУվҪԼı£ΪһС
΢˼
ȴһۣȻ䵭ֻǲϲ֡
ûٹЩá෴ӷǿ˵Ӷʱͬ
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Ͼλȷʵ۰ԼŮͥŹͺۣ׼˶סڳӦˡ
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Įͷ
룬ֵ߿Ըһ㣬λȾƣóʦ㣬㡣
δ䣬㿴üͷС
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ĬƬ̣ǿðɣǾҪóʦֻ˵ͣһ²ŰʦַģֻҪô࣬ҵľǿԵġ
ֻǽȻû滺ü塣
һӣ˵⣬˱㷵أ׼ͥɹûС
صͥûǺѾڳʷһȦ֪ѹڵص׵Ǹһ˵ǵػ飬ֻǲ֪ΪҪס
ٹһͥҲˡ
ɫЩɥֻһۣ̾ûõ
ʦЩεصͷСԲʦ֣ҡʵڲ֪ô
޷
οһ䣬ٲŵǻбļƻ¡
԰գ֮ǰİ취˳ͥͺۡ
ʦ棬۵ʮ־ϲǷʦа취̽Ϣ취ʧˣҲֻΪŮ֣иصĺ
š
ٵͷڻһ⣬֪ʱѣһ֣ȥţһ̲õ飬ǻûĿĵر㱻סٵõԿ׵Ļãˡ
š
ͥ档
֪Կ׵ľģ𣿡
֪
һγͥûʧܿ͵һѻͭԿףͦģ״¡
ãǾô˵ˡɨһۣ¶֣أɰڴһ٣λؾѶԽ󣬽ԽϣǶܻųȥ
ţ


ճһȾƣֻһγͥôҪͬһ
谮Ůʵֲֻͬ⣬׼ǧ㡣
ڳõǸ䣬켫Цݣٱ㾴ǺС򲻼
ŮĻ£ȴһЩҲҲ
һԸ¡
ͥԱߣƱյһˮ¶ǣЩǡ
˼ɽն˺öˡ
ȷٺͳֺ˼̲ס˷ٵԱСʦ֣˰ɣ
ҲգЦǸá
ɫֻЩ΢죬ûȣ΢Цѹ򶨵ߣΪߣľͦҵģֻа˯ǲźжֻǿ²ȵǰͻᱻֻһΣɹ
⻰ҲһǳߵһȻͬʱ
ͥ޷ʮֵģʦûΪܹ
ҲˣʦǾڸڣģұûΪҲǧҾͲˣһôһΪǳߡ
ٿ鲻ĳһҧ˻ȥ
ƱЦǺپһ
Ҳ΢Цٱ
һһֱԱ߰ļ˶Щסˣ۵ǵʦôںȣ˵ֻȼ𣿡
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Ψ䣬۸ڵλãΪ
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ΪǶ
䵭ĻĮȻĿޱȡ
ҶҪȥȡ
㶿ãλԸʵʦ˳ĬϵЩȻ΢΢򴽣ͳҴδһ죬Լá
ҲݳĬʲôҲû˵˼žС
һߣеȶ˵ķڳͥǵĿºͳҸ˵á˸ãĵŮƯǿϧֻһŮȻҰֵܸܽ϶⡣
Ҳȴˣڳݱô˵ƴЦСӲܾûܺҺôʹˣٺȣ
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ٸ˵ؾƱֻڿһڴ䡣
Цøˬˣֺ˼͵һſţҪΪֵܡ
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صǿ˺֡
л˵
٣ûҾһ±ŵĸо죬ҡ

ʦ/ʦܣĿɿڴ
飺ĬģҲ뿸ʦ֣
ϵͳ


46 
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εĿһۣ ûкƽϣֱֱסı³һ
ˡ
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Ҫ㱳ң Ҫˡ
ŽļЩĶӣ ܡ
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޷ӦֻɨЩ㶵Ŀ⣬Įߡ
Կף ʱŷӦ Ѹٵͷǿ߰ɣ ó
һ˷ɿ߳ص˳ܿأ ͥ˵ĵطá
ͥƶʯܣ һ ˳Űȥ ʱ 㿴˵ʯš
ʯž޴󣬵ƾ޷ƿֻʯһ㣬мһ׶ӦþԿ׿ס
ֽؽǰѻͭԿײУСתܿгƵġ¡ʯӦ
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ʦ͸óִ֣ɴ˿ȻЩܹ
ʶԭԼôʦ֣ûʦ֣֪Ҫôźá
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˫֣۳һɫʷۺС
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47 һݰҵ
Ӻϯг̸Ļھ㤣 ڷ뽭ص֮ͥ˻ûüֿظң㱻һλʦס ˵ƽٻλ ȥ
ƽ̻Щ΢ʣپƽ̲˷Ӧǿң Ͼõ˵ ͬŵС
Щʣ ٺͽܿʦ
˵һ Ҳڣüλ϶ţӿ϶ƽٻ
Ȼ պĮ һɨͽɫĮؿڣԪؾʮŸһʸ񣬱ʸڶ֮о
˵껰߶ϡ
Ȼ
ѹôҴҰǺ ԭԪؾ ƽ̼ŸԼͺôء
ؾ֮ǰ̽յĲͬ ǸʵĵطؾҲҪȥ֮ҸλֱС
Ǽȫʮеؾ ˽У ÿοķѾ޴ ſһΣ һֻʮˣ ʸϡޱȡ
˵˾ʵǸ滰ΪʮµĶͨǸŵմʹá
ҲûʲôҪһ뷨һΪΪⲻزأǽ˽еԴ˭˼
˼ˣ֪ûԼʲôˣ¶ºЦݣֵϲʦˣʱȻܸһ
⻰߰˷ġ
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˭֪ûڣüͷ΢壬䵭ûʸ㹧ʲô

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ٷģؿƽ̶ǵ𣬷·һ̱Ҫӡ
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ģܵƽ̣ɽһҲӵĽֻ˵
ƽ̲ô룬ٴӣΪȻСųĶӵĶ֣һʹıƣĽһףԭһʧ飬ͻȻҪôһ⣬һ֦˴ӵȴӵϣ
Ĭ죬պǾܾУº塣
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˵Щʲôת߳

ֻƽ̱ŭ𣬻ѵ
΢΢üɴҲֵӸˡ
Ҳ߳
⣬ɫãѴԶٿƯİƣ֣̾Ҳį
ʶУΥһЩ
Сһô񻹺ܿĵӣӺͷò
Ҳںֻǰ߻شͦģ㻹˵ͦ䣬˻ͦͻݣʲô񣬱ǿˡ
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ٽŲһ٣¶ЦݣȻΰٹҵģ´ֺôɱҡ
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ڳ˼䣬˲˵¡
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˵֡ЩɢҲҵԼĵˡ
Ͳ½޷
ĶûУǲ罭ԸȵĹƽΪԼǿģĶûУǿģǿʩᣬҲ˳УΪͷΪβʲô˼
Цݼ˼ãҪҪǿǿ֮ʣһһ죬ҪΪµġӡ

ٹû˵ʲôֻ΢Ц͡
صٸ󣬷ûúϢһ
ڶһ磬𴲾˵ƽַ̺ˣƽְſڵӦʯ˸ϡãŻһǵܣɼʵòᡣ
ҲǸִƢٸģȻƽ̱ŭҲûиıԼľҪôͬٹƽҪôԪؾ˭Ҫ
켫ںĵش߲ڵӲһ磬˰ʱ˵ƽЭѡ˸еķӡ
պôһϵһ룬Լһ룬һŵرҹȥ飬Լʵǿ켫ͣӲŸͬټһѷ˽ȥ
ȫҲˣΨһʧصıƽ̱ˡ
ٲ˳ۣûǮΪ·
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ȥһʲôؾԭ޲ýնɱһ˾ֵƵģǰĮ׽˵ӣ쿴ĵ˵Ȼ
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ڴˣټӮ
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ٵȥؾ죬ƽϵǰͣһɫڣһԲֻһüĿЦºͣ˴֮Աǿޱȡ
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΢俴ʲôȻܸоõЩġ
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ָо޷ͬܣЩ
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л˵
ײˣʱʱѣ̿̽ѡŶͷҪմǲݣһѡ˵á
Ůǿǿ⣬ԼӺƽ֮Ĺϵ
ŮǿǿӦûһЩСˣͳһ˵һ£ⱾôģǰڣŮǿĸ츳ǿʵǿҲǵƾʵŮǴ򲻹ģֲʵһƽ״̬һ㣩кڣŮʵ𽥸Ϊ˴ķãȻһƽ״̬˭һҪѹ˭ȻŮ̳켫ƽ̣϶һսҲдΪŮͷˮľ飬ڳϣǿ֮Ķܴ⣩
Ӻƽ̣֮ìܣʣƽ̿϶ǰԼӵģҲǰԼ׵ģȻŮȥԷհײ˵ԸĶԼ׺޸飬ǿ϶һ˶Ըռڵƽ̴СԶ̫ˣʲôΪıһ˵ĵҪģһ£ſԴŮֻҪŮһƽľƽȴĶΪıƶܣǿ߲һСԸ֪֮˲죬ӿʼʶһ㣬ҲǿߵĿʼϾ֮ǰһŵİײˣ
ܵ˵ԼôɣŮǳ·ϼᶨߣԸȱ㣬ƫŮа֮Ǵģ飬޶ëսҲԶԷ˵һ衿
Ůǰ϶кǰӦǳΪƽ֮λԺˣҲǽӽ֣Ȼƽ̾ͻ֣ᷢԼǸְײԩ֣ǣ
ϣԺ뵽ʲôٲ䡣


48 ִ
ȻȻ
ЦӦ£ ŵˣȥԪؾ˵Ķŵϵ ǣ ʦִҪԵ졣
ҲںϾվԱߣֻɫඣֻǰʦ֣ ʮ˵֦ͬ ʵϲȻ
΢ һۣ δ˵ʲôֻס
䲻ԸŪ٣ȴҲʲôס
ԱԻ ¶οЦݡ
ϯã ˿ֻǣųϿһ£ϲں˭ƽ֮λֻԸ켫ڷٲʢ
һ·Ѻã Լһ֮ Ŀĵء
أ ɫһ䣬ºıתΪаſ񣬴ĨЦ ԸС
뽭Щ δվһ
һͣ Ҳһ· ûеȴ֮˵˼
Ц٣ òˣ֪Ҫʦ֣
˶ŵϵȻӸкøУȻøǽ˫లµĻϡ
˵ؾһǵϵɷҲ壬Цһϣԭŵİʦ֣ôʦô磬ӭʦܣʦǹⲻȥ
ߡ
һλݿüг·˴ĿЩ￴˷һۣŶĽֵʦֽɺá
ɫĮȻһ񣺡á
ĮȻӣŵİʦҲ⣬ָֻʦ̫ƣʲôèܽл䣬ɲУЩ֪ôĶȵʦͷϡ
Ǻǡ
վԱЦ䣬Ԥ׳֡
һдƮáƮʣٶȴ죬΢ǵȴԼʶ׷һʱ飬۱Ȼһѷ죬Ȼָɫѿ
٣
һΪ֣Ϊй߷ʽǰȻͬʲôʱپĽ
治˼ǿʦиӣİˣû뵽Ūʦֵ·
װģع˹֣ϵЦȴһſ
߽ѹЦʦ֣Ϻαزֻ֮᣿Сı뽭֮Ҳֵõ죿ԪؾԹԷϱʸˡ
㡪
ʲô㣬ô򲻹гϰ㱨аŵĳϣҲԸһӡ
ҧأ޲һҧȴûųΪԼͷ¡
ͬίȥųϣǻᱻ˳Цġ
ƣģǺöˣ
ٹЦЦͷۣȻĵӣʦ֣߰ɡ
ûпҲû񷣬ֱԽǰ
ٱЦ顣
Ȼ°񷣬Ҳǰȥ
ߵԪؾڴвŵ
βԪؾ콾зʶıȽ٣콾иԵȦӣʶĴǸڽܳشϯ
ʮʸ˶ŵĳվ˴Ԫؾ죬ȺúĪҪ
ÿһŻ˴ǮģԪؾ޷Ψһôܽŵر䱦ﻯΪҪĴУԿķѾ޴
ؾһΪϴأϴ
϶˼䣬δ˵ܿǴؾţλڡ
뽭ͣͬһţ漰ΪĴ»ǻһжϾǰͬ޹⡣
˴Ҳˡ
ٴĵı飬ĮĽվһ
Ҳֻʦ֣Сܴʦ۵һʦֲҪ֡
ɫ䵭ǶЩĮȻ㡣
ܿĸڵ俽ãǱǸͷڵıǣ俣ҲܵС
߲Ʒ˰һһȺܴ󣬲һ콾£Ƕʮ꣬λڵ콾ʮ꣬ԪؾΪҲߵһλȻ츳˫ײôС
ѷ٣ǸһҲδʲôʤЩŵϵ಻شϯΪмһˡ
ſ˲ûж˵ֻôһ䡣
΢Ȼ䴽ǣһ˫صǱлʦˡ
δظʶЩ곤ӼһĿޣλ俣û
Щ»ǵΪ˽ѵ񷣬Ϊ켫ڶһˡ
˵켫ƽҹѷ˽ҲͰˣһ콾λ콾üãλΪҪһٳΪ֮ף
¾ܷ
̤ؾŹرգλ콾ɫ䵭׼ѰطʼƫٹŰȥ
λŵİʦɫЩѿٻû߽㿪ڣ٣΢ĩؾʸɹҲƽϣپݣŲűڴ˴켫ڵĴҲ˵ʲô
Ϊŵϵλʦһ֣ٸɱڴˣ켫ڵĴϻû˵ʲô˵ףҲֻǳ϶ѡ
Ȼ򲻵ѣûԸ켫ڣ켫ƽ̿ٲ˳ۣŪǶ켫ڵ£Ҫܵ켫ڵַÿһŵĻء
ٹ˹¶һٵºЦݡ
ʦ˵ʲôҺʱ˵ҪŸλʦֵУǿһЩįҾʦԱߣ˴֮Ҳ˵ǣ
˭Ҫ˵
üͷݺ𣬿;ˬٻҪĿͶͷڵӡ
һǳķ£ԳһƬʣǽ˵信
ʱ΢΢üҪڣһֻ֣罻ãֲ֪ʲôʱ򻹳˸ӣСӴܣ˲ʲô֡
俲ͷȥһ޾׵ӳ΢򣬵飬ʲôʱôëͷСӣ
Hʲôۻࡣ޶˵Ůӷ̺ڣЦ绨ֻĮ˽˲ãôһ
Ҳû˼
ƽȻŷٺͰķȴûʲôҵȹ֮ˣֱ֮СӣЩ
߶߶ҿ¶Щ֪ν֮
Ůʮִ󵨵سһ䣬ԥת뿪һ۶ٿ
俿ʮݾȻһ˿Ц⣬˿գǶգֻһ˲䣬ʧ١
Ҳתȥδˡ
һ߾迴ŷ٣һ߹۲Զɲ俾ת뿪
Ще硣
һѰסļ򣺡СлĶ࣬ʦֲһ㣬ҸʦֵĶء

ɫŭһƿ֣ȻڷЦЦĿҿһۣ͵͵һӽ䣬ŵңҲ
˵
Ľӽ䣬شվߡ
һۣĮȻԱߵŮǻŵ飬
⻰Ҳ֪ѻǳ
ŵ߲֣˵ȻΪ飬һ򻤶ֻ̣մһǰĹϵ
գЦݸЩ
λʦǸˡ
ϲŮûеģƣϵŮãʦҲǳСӵ
ݾĬһۣתԱȥ
ʶУٹЦСһֿһŮˣ
ǹ²
侲ش𣺡ôҲܿ佱ʦ𣿡
ҿͷƺЩá
㿴ˡ
ٺںֻǾҹ˸ѣû£ȥˡ
ͷѾ÷ǳ׼ȷ˿ĮʵԸֵܴܣΪֵܡ
ô˵Ȼ֪Ҫ˭ƭˣνˮͬһŵģƭ类ƭܹ黹мĵġ
˼ˣٶ޶ëҲ͸νˡ
մġ硯Ѱ֮أδ뽭һ
˸֮أϥ£ʼɿŨ
ԼС󣬷ٴ˫ۡ
˸׼ȥϴء
תδͫ΢תЦʦְá
俲֪ʲôʱվԱߣϢ·ȣû
ٶ죬֮ǰѣöԷǻźġ
俾һϣûΪѰ˼ֻ΢ЦҶʦЩ棬֪ʦܿɷ𡣡
ʦ˵ҲЦ
俴ӻóһԲ̣ǳ΢΢һ£̧ͷʦǣȴɱ֮۽ʦޱȴޱǶ˽Գƽʦ츳˫֮Ҵȴ
ǲǺ
⣺ʦҲߣ߱УϾܿպ컯ʦִ˿̲Ӧüڵƽ֮λǣƽҲûʦֿôء
΢٣ȻһЦʦ˵Ҳǣôı£Ҳˡ
ʦֻʲô𣿡
ҡҡͷʮؿ˷һۣº͵ԹԸߵ·Ϊ𣬳޹أʦܣһҡֱϣɵѰҡ
˵ٺƵصͷ˳һ䣺ʦֵڼ˵⻰ˣ
Ŀһʵش࣬ʦǵھʮŸ
Ǻǡ
Цʦټ
ŵͷ뿪
뿪֮󣬷ٱʶٹϤ𣿡
һ㣬ʮһţԹΪΪԣǹܣҪСǣȻԸͷ
ȻС
ȣ˵ˣҿλʦϿңҲƭңֻҪҴǰʮ˸Ϳ԰ˣȱôһСء
ٹ죬Ӳǲ֪˵ЩʲôããЩ㿪ľͺá
СһԵƽɽħһĳԡ
Ҳô룬Ȼȥϴء
ɣҲڣϴز󣬳˽֮ǰλŵʦһλİʦ֡
˶ڳҲֻۿһ¡
治ɫߵ뽭Զĵطϥ£ֶ鹰ֵ֮ǰлʦ㡣
۶ûǵĮ㻹֮ǰ̽ء
˵ؾ
ĵڹȻ紫һг
ЦݼЩֻС£ҳݡ
鷴ۿĮȻǸҲ˵ˣȻϲøʦýΪǸãʲôģ䲻ϡ
Լû˵ԱߵĽʦġ
̬˿ˣʮְԵʲôãҴ˾Ҳǰ㡣
˵ˣʦġ
ۿɫӲã´æϵ²£ʦҲǹңʦ֣ɡ
ɽȴûмŷ٣˼˿ɫ㵽˭
ҡ
һ仰˵˵һ֣ǱֵȻʦãɢαȵʦã
֮ѵǷ켫ʦܼ
⻰ģΪҲһЩ֮˶սʤδ֪ɢ֮ŵӿڽֻʱж̣츳κ˲΢ĩһδҲˡ
Цɢʦȣ
ȻǰɫǼΪãΪ츳˫ܿʦãν֪ߵغ񡣡
Ҳ䵽˼£ǰʮѹȻڿɢޣΪһȣٹ⣬飬Ͳˡ
˵һ飡
ϴسˮڣбѵף޾ɫֻ
һһظ硢ˡ
¡һԭĳˮͻȻڶƾѵơ
վм䣬˶ˡ
Ϊ죬ŮΪԼԴ״ֵĳ棬û뵽һĻ֡
Ϊ˾ãҪͽˣ
ƽϣ治£ûϵ
͵͵Ƴϴλİʦ֣Ҳ۾ãȻ֪ΪͻȻִ
л˵
İʦ֣ʲôˣΪʲôҪڳܣ˭ʲôɢٹģ
٣ƽ̡ϣҽͣ治ģûؾӣҾ˾ãģûϵ
켫ƽ̣
켫ƽ̣ջˮջˮ˶ܼ֪ҪǮ
Ҵģôˣͱ츳á
飺ǮںˣҾǿ켫ڲˬ
#ұߣܴӲҹ#
#ǮʲôĿ˵#


49 ƽ̵ο벻Ԥ
ϴˮڣ Ȼ޷ˡ
֮룬ͼȰ룬Ż ϣʦ㣬 ʦ֡
졣
ʹŵһƢ̫ãҲ ٻû˵꣬ һ䣬 ӽһ 㿴һŵлǲС
⻰ʵе۸ˣϾȽʮأɻŵӴˣ  Ų
Įк޶ݣֻнɢĺ֮ڳˮлᡣ
ؾջͦ˵ʵҲ֪ΪΣ λʦȻλʦʶ ΪҲǲģ Լ˵信
ûʲôôܾҲ οԴͷֻôһ죬 Ϊ۸ǿǿ ڷٿֱĪ
ֲǶᱦ ʲôóģ
ۼƼһʰ æվм䣬Խʦ㡣
ʦϢŭ˴ԪؾǻؾֻƽҪ
޸ɣ
һӣƵһߣۣʱȥ
ϴسˮڣھˣУһ˲һƬ
ٽŲվվλİʦߣ룬¶Цݣֵ֪ʦֿɷһ裬ˣʦҲ洦
İʦЩɬһۣƽǷ٣
ǣʦܣ֪ʦ֡
Զ㡣
İʦѸٴӳӳȾܣ޹ء

ٴ㶿뿪ıӰòŵĸŵĵϵ
ŵϵ߸ϣѪȷʵаȺ۵ʸ񣬿һλôС
ȥûˣٿۻһƬĳˮ룬ɴߵԵλãϥ£ʼ
ʶУٹСһʲô

ȻԸֲǲ֪ȰöϺϵãλʦ͸ˣŵĵӶһԲϾҪɱȫҵӣǻûӴ򻵣ҸϿһŪ˱ܿȥطܶһ¾Ͷһ£ʸɹˣ˺öʯء
Щŵϵ֪ι᲻˷ˣӮҲѽˣ켫ҲǺ۸ģӮ˵ĲУսǲġ
һ䣬ٲٶ룬Զѣ¡죬ȴϴرԵʼһԼ
Լʱ󣬷۾˿ǿһ飬Уû
̧ͷȥǱλڴҴϴشԱߵ֮ء
ٹ۲һ£棺Ҫô˵츳˫أսʦ㾹Ȼû䡣
ʦ㶼һˣȻ޵Ļ֮ҲСܺѷ֣˵Ϊһˣмǲʮʮص꣬Ҳѹƽ̳Եãԡӡ֮Ϊ⣬ȷʵ
ٹЦҲ
ǵȻ
¶ЦݣҵԲЩ׾ƣ١ޡǡ
Ȼͽͣ»ǻǲŴѹΪж
ϸüƽ֮λͷıȵ㡣
ǰɣ֡
һҼ̳ƽ֮λýϣʱ˭Ҳӣұܴﶼʶ
һܣ£ѸٶߣѰ˸Ƨֶ֮
ԭֻϴԽսԽԶں˻ķ٣˶ˡ
ôɱؾܣԪؾֲѣռ䶼˼飬˭ȥ
ԭؾʱ䣬˵ڶ죬ٱŭ켫ڡţǲвϴضˣ
⻰䣬𣬱˸ŭţ
֪֪ԪؾֵΣ
˵һһٲһ򣡡
Ůˣ
˵Щܻ֪ǲ
̼䣬һ𣺡ʲô˵ĳԹҪ飬ˣһСƽϣ
˵ʦòˣߥʦðĽ֮Ľˣ˵켫ڵӣ켫ڵƽڴҲùÿ
һɢ޶ѣοŮ˳
ûĻش𣬵ôƣΪܿ˵ֵĽ벻ĽǷٵ£Ǻθɣιʴ󶯸ɸ꣬ѵӮ˾ǷСӰ۵ˣ
ɫһ䣬ȥҲܱ֮вɣȰܾȰܣö˶˵ʲô
ɲⳡˣֻú
ٹеغܣ˼ͬ˵Ц
ʮŵϵΪСһ˵ȥ˶Ϊ㵹ء
ö˶˵ľǳ졣
ⲻǸѧ𣿡
ٹЦֻζ
û˼ܣȥѰ˸ƫƧҵĵطϥ£ǱȻѵɫصҵץʱ䣬һؾˣɾûõطˡ
˵Żɴӽӽóҩº͵ŵرһ£ӿ
Ԫؾ˴ԼҲջˡ
鲻֪˶ã֮ͻȻؾ˳ȥʼΪʱѵ۾Ϳ켫ƽųˮ
ԭؾֻ֣ɴ˿̣˼λƽ̡
лһλɫĮŮӣӴһȥ߿ռֲϻ־ۺ֮Уٲ²Ӧǻƽ̡
һλɫºͣЩ̫ÿ΢̾һϴشˣؾռ˾ŴΪӢš
Ǹ̾ǳֻ˵仰֣֮ɣԪؾޱȣСұҲƽˣģܲòʯ콾δգһ⳥
켫ƽɫѿòУҶθɣҲΪҶ
ЩҲܣֻάԪؾתʯ
º͵ҲգֻỺָֻһ
ǻŵƽ񣬲δ񽭺պѿɨ۳ļӣĿڷͣһһջˮ
ٱһλǿôţڳ޹ģɵزС
ƽҲһСƽϣ˵֮һӽ䣬Ϊͨ죬սܣ˴ˣһ֮Ŵ䣬Ҿ㽭պݡ
԰գӰӰʧ
պɫȻѿúܣƽ̵ڣû˵ʲôҲ׳һӽ䣬ºЦгһӣٺͽʧԭء
ƽ̵ķϣĿǰ۹۱Ǳǹģһ·ԼǸܡ
ԣѿƽ̺ɫͬĮӡ
ƽͳǸôҪֵؾΪ֣
䣬ﲻࡣ
ҵѡ
Ѳ࣬Ҳ͸һǿϷٰ衣
Ǿͷǵؾж֣
𡣡
ƽ̽򴽽ǣһŭûԼҺӴּʱ޿κΡ
پţܾƽһ̲סѵһ٣ԼĴڸУϾ˴ֻˣƽһѵûš
Щϡ
պȷʵǻһʯӵͷһĪһǮʱ仹û
ûжִˡ
ã𣿡
ϵ΢죬ŵˡ
Ǿͺá
պ˿ԪؾҪľǴԵ켫ǿҲ˾ͺá
࣬ڷЩĿУλƽ󾹳ϵ¶һ˿Ц⣬÷Ϊëˡ
պĿ΢䣬ԼӵļοԺʮأˣսܣǳ£ʮڣǵ֮ĵһЩʯֵһᡣ
ȻǴ˻׵ȴվǿĵģʯʲôƽǾ仰նˣվΪء
Ŀ΢죬Աߵķ٣Ȼһ۵ı飬֪ΪΣ˵Ļ˵ζ
һĽиôеĺ̨ǺãʯҪҲ֪ʲôʱô޶ϣɴϹûôС
ЩͻڣʯʲôҪΪŵӣűļң˴㡣
ĿⶸȻһƽԭЩЦȴͻȻһ
ǰΪ˳۵ġӵͷͻȻĿ˳ЦݴǸӼлʦ֣СûʲôˣʦֱҵֳһԺ㵱ֳԴ
˵⻰ֿƽ̣ͬ¶׽ЦݣƽһͻȻԤС
л˵
٣
ƽ̣
ƽǾܾģ
٣㿴綼ô˵ˣҰٰʯȥŵرŬ׷۸磬һӣһڶģô
ƽ̣
ƽ̣ͻȻҲҪˡ
#ԩְײ#
#ܼҰײ#
#˱˼ҵİײ#
#ƽ̿#


50 ٵ
ڷٿձø֮ǰ ƽȻˡТףǵЦȴֳĮ ǳɨ˷һۣ δŽĻ˵̵ֻˣ ȥɡ
ߵԱϥ£ Ŀ ɢŨص⣬ ֹ˷Ҫ׽ľٶ
Щϧ
Ҫ˳ƻǴѺô֣ϧƽ̫ˡ
Ĭ̾һǹУ ֻڽ߾ơ
΢΢ü ĳĬ޷˵ЩʲôҲ˳Ĭ
ƺֻصһʼ
ţƽֱӰѷ󿪵˷ͥϿգλӷ£ͷһʧ٣ һ仰Ҳû˵ ֪ǲ·ٴϹ˵Щʲô׵Ļ
ǽֿ֮ͬǰһ䣺һºŴ䣬 ſֻǣԼСġ
̫ˣΪĶͷͬ켫ڣ ƱҲᱻǣ
Ҳף ȻһЦʦַģ Ұ ܸŴСľϲ
ͷ һۣŵ𡣡
΢٣Ȼõģʦַġ
ȥ
ʶп϶ȷˣ϶ϲң֮Ǵ顣
ȻһֱҪ
Ǹˣϧ׸硣
ٹЦ˺Ů֮ûдꡣ
Ůֶûֶˣ
ٺһ䣬ŵҪϲΪУĶܴŰңҳֵܣˣжô𣿡
⵹ʵ
ٹǼֵ֮ǰѣ˫һ̿ʼ㲻ˣͷΪ˵޿ܲں
ҾͲں
㲻ǲں뵱ƽ̵̫ֱڸЩһϣ˺Ů˶һġ
ǡ
ЦһԽ˵ͷͷǵҲڸǲϴеݡ
ǲй£ôãǨҪһЩСһһ㻹۵úء
ٹһҲںĳмָĪ
ٵƲƲ죺֣߶߶ģȥڲǣҵ켫ˡ
ȵϯţ㵱ϯǿϧϸĺ˻֮ǡ
ٹ˵ĹȻҲǺѧġ
ٲֻۣڶ˼ʵһ¾Ŵ䣬ʱһභһкõĽ𣿡
ʵһЩţиүүڣûġ
ʱؾ
ٹЦЦЩ
ŭֻںؾҲǿķϣˡ
úúãûС
ٹҲֻЦЩ
ܹǿʵҲַʽһǿޣ׼켫ڿޣȻҪȥģ˼Զ׼
Ҳ֪СһЩӣһطֻ㲻ȥ
Ҳһʣû뵽ͷ΢΢üɵòڲҰɣǰʱ˵ֻؾôôʱ䣬һطˣ
Ϻ꣬ò˭֪ٹž²صʲô˼
СһĲأҪң˵ֲţαң
ٹԲãɷȴûɣȻ˵
ɽ֪ɣ
š
ɽиĹ
Բ˵ˡ
ٲ˵
ûɽĹŪҰռҵֱ˵ǵطʮ̽гӣһȥأƽҲȥ̽ЩʧٵԵʶ֪һȥɽĹ̽գҷһ죬ûеĵطǵطȥʮ
ɽĩʱƽǿߣϹʱвپƽҲ㣬ЩƣƵؾ뻹ǰҪκ󱲣Щ޽ɵģǱʮˡ
û͵Լ켫ƽ̸ĳ̶ȡ
Сһʲôã̫ЩҼȻȻȥ㲻˵ꡣ
˵
ûʲô飬ſ˵ʲô
ȥȻʮ㲻ǻб𣿱ħҲ˲£Ĺ˯һλ´󽫣֪Щ֮̽Ϊ޹ʧ٣
ٹЦλ´󽫣һڣ鲻У۷״̬ΪĹĹˣƾνʮڣƽȥˣֻҲҪ䣬Сһ嵽ֻһ˵ˣж£ֻм˲֪Ϊɽ磬ΪҪɣɣΪ֮
´󽫣
ٽŽɣٹ΢Цע³Ƭ̣ŵ˵öô컨׹ҲȥҪҺã´󽫺ҳȻҾΪڲҡ
Ĺˣ޷뿪
ҳȥɡ
ٺ֣ҪҵҾ֪㲻ǸƲ磬ȸһؾЩͷȻߥȥɽĹôͣбԼʶQɹȥƫȥޡ
һֱӰĻ֮Ժ󣬴ǰ
ֻʶٹЩĬ̾Сһ˵ģΪ룬Ϊıȴ㿴ңʵѹ
ͣһ˲ͻȻº񵭱üΪ
Ǳеˣ˱䣬ǻĵġ
ʵ磬˸ۡ
֪ٹǸöλǰ򽻵ʮ־޶ôڱڲƭ
ٹʶſЦʮƽػص˾ٸ
Ԫؾϴطǳϴ֮תٶȶ˲٣ٳһؾɵ˴롣
ڶһ磬ͨ˵ĺͼֵˡ
ƽ̣
ĵ⣬ϾλСʦϲĽϲҲɼʲôƽϴ˺֮󣬱켫ڵûкɫٱΪһҲٵˡ
룬ȥ
ִ棬ȥơ
ߵſڵӦʯѾ޺ˣܽҲָſڿۣ߽
켫ƽɫ䵭ƽ̺ͼڿɫ޶ů⣬ٱϴκÿˡ
ٽȥʱұٵţŮǸӣҪϲϣڼѰٻʵ޷ţֻ֣һ仰֮ǰĻԼ׻
⣬ٽȥʱλƽҲֻ⿴һۣǼ
΢ЦֿƽɫĮʮӲЦƽ̴ˣʦǵˣƽ̴ϴβ˵Ҳ켫ڵ
ƽĿ絶ѹ
˵ֵõСڣ
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ټ״ԱͼӴ׵ƽ̴ĪҪԽʦֲǳ²̫ðɣ
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Ťͷһۣɱ÷ëĸо΢켫ƽ̸״ƽֻ̣ʵʵ
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ȼܾպһӣʧУ֪ǲȥԵĿռս
ֻɫ԰ףĿ¶־֮ɫվԭز֪Ǻá
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ʦãɲҪĲźã塣
۾ƺһμ飬İŵúһϡ
Цݣ΢΢׼˵ʱбͻȻһ
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л˵
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#ͻȻ뿴#


51 ƽ̵ļƻ
ϵЦһ һĪֱ׽Ĵֱܿ𱳼  Զ˼ģŵʦҲˡ
ȴûʺã ֻɨͼģ Įࣺڸʲô
ٲȼĿڣ ͵ںͼʦÿЦأ ʦƽ̵𣿼ƽ̷źƽЩִȥ۵ȥˡ
ɽȻ俴
ԭںôԴ֮ǰλʦֹϵ׽Щ ƭ˵Լ͸ ֻΪ־ڽǰŮ׽ĪУҲ֪ΪʲôѵǴ˵еԸ
Էɢһ˼άټ ֵƽ ̸ʦʦֵĻԼ
Լ⻰Щע⣬ ûжŷˣתۼġ
ʦϻЩдľźͿ־壬ŵòᡣ
δΪ⸱ģ⣬ ֻĮȻҵĻκ˶޹أ ͼƽ̲ġ
ˣ ҧŴǣ Ž Ȼʦ֣һֱʦ֣ѵʦֱ㿴𣿡

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Ǽᵽƽ̣˼֣΢ĬʣҪô𣿡
Ų񾯸棬Ƶġ
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ŵĳӴŮӣҲȫȻûˣֻǱȽϡ٣켫λŹһλԳϣԸҲųϲͬº͡ƣԲű켫Ϊһ֮Ҳᵽ켫סЩʱգ켫ڹ
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#־öջˮ#
#ŻҪûõȱ۵ɵ#
#ۿײ˱סˣҪŵض޶ȥƽס#


52 Ůб
ﳤѧ ǱƽٻԵЩ
ﳤ˵޵֮УӦųжȡݽϣƽ̵ֻʱ ʣʱԼϰ һƬƶ˵Ρ۲졣
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λﳤȲؾĵߣ ̵ܻӣ ø˼־׽
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ﳤϵӡ󻹲ûж룬ȻӦʡ
ﳤΪѡ֮Ϊֻ֮ ˵ǻ̽ĸߵؾ 벻ڣ ԳƲſ
Լûؾֻýͬһ𿴹ˡ
Щ֣ЩλﳤȷʵϤĽ̵ ûж룬 Ҹߵؾ֮صļ٣ ϴεؾһ̽йڻõؾ ֻ֮Ҳܺ档
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53 Ե
û֪ һ̣ӵŭȷʵǱˡ
ΧȻ֪شս˷ܣ ﺰšһһ
ף һɨ˹ȥȺ˺һӣ ȻŸ˳ȥ
ɫ ˺һ ֱȫЩ֮ͣ½Ų
þֻƭ˵ĸй٣ ӡΪ˶ûϢɫ̫ã ºȰ˾䣺Ӳգ ǻþ֮еľˡ
ｭȲ׶Ǹؾ˵ŪЩֹ죬ҲôɣϾֻǻþѣؾþ˰ϳŮˡ˵ͻûô
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Įֻά ܿ죬 ƽ ɫָֻ˵Į侲þܣһͣפᱻЩ˰Χ »Σգ ǲͣһ
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ӴһͥԺﶫأһ߶ЩֶˣһѰһþ֮
ε˺һӣҵôһ˿
Ժĺһϸ΢ޣ֪ûܵʱµĻ㣬ȥǿġ
Ҳ֪ҵһޣȻУǻȥ
ִһ˲ǰŨܵĻҰס˵ߡ
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ٹʮֻ
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һ棬һ棬켫ڵҪ䣬ɽ綼𶯣Ȼ͵͵պΪλƽòҪҪģ켫ƽ̾еǿߣƽ̷ˣλٳ֣ǰҼһΡ
켫ڳƽ̡ˡϣиϵ̫ϳϡԪϵȵȵȵȣû֪һŵĵֻ̣濴ȥЩ
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Ǽѵ࣬ٹûЦ취ȻУΪΪʲôҪѷӡĹΪ֣һΪǣΪ£
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ٹԵú޹
ҹȻϲ塣
С߶һ䣬ЩӰ˵˼ȫ·
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ŽĴ߶ҵһųѩ׵
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΢΢Ʋ죬ͷѾЩ־ͷ̾ɣǿǺһԵ
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ԼﳤϺƽҲû뵽ֻŪþһ¸飬ºˣһλλɹˡ
΢΢ЦЦ߽
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߽֮ҵһƽ̹ĵط룬ȴӽӽó棬ȻŰѽȥ
¶ʹָ࣬ģڵأ𣬿ɼ֮
Ҳٵ飬վԱ߱Ȼһô֣ϴΣͷܴʹжѣ⡭Ȼ֪˯˽ҲˣֵܵģôΪ顣
һҲûô￪ʼҪֲסˣɴһҧȥ
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#Ĳ͵͵һѣģҲУ#
ٹϴҾŪСͷ
#ͻȻƷ#


54 뿪
νһ죬 αϴ࣬ôΪ飬Ǻܿذͷ· üüģ ɫ֮֮һŨĹ⽫Χס
ϵͳȻԼߣ ϴһ
У ϢŨ ĦЩʹĴϢ
嶦ʢʱڵؾ еĴкͳͥܵĲһ˹Ӵļ ġ
Ƕʮ꣬ ʮͣ䲻ʮأɴеļȴ꣬飬һã ɹЩ䣬 Ҳһˣ ΪСļ֧һ˵ĵĸ
ͨǻ¡ԺеĴУҲЩӵļ䡣
ʹһ˱ˣȻ̫Ӵ ٶһˣ ࡣ
ܵһ˲ ֪Ϊǰʹ࣬ Լٹ˵ġ嶦ʢʱڡʲô
ޱ޼ʵѩ׵ ԰죬еƯգγһƬƬеںףˮĹеȺɽۣ֮ѩΪ顣
֮˽òüƺѩ׵ķӱк£䳤֮䣬ʣػɫâתϡ
塣
ʢʱڣ֮ԴůûֻûѪҲûɱ¾һжѩڸǡ
ֱڣٹΪħ⣬ѳ壬ħӴ˿ʼ˳ǧħԿ˥ЩۼĵڻлΪɻҡ
У𿴼ٹԭģ
һѩױѪɫ棬峺Ϊ죬ҷسѪȾʧɫֻдĶſ
ƶ֮ϣƣǰ׹̾͵ĽݣڸߴͶĵĿ⣬Ŀ֮Ұɱ
аſħ¡Ѫɺӣλ֮붥壬ִݻĻԻ͡
зʲô𲻵öֻ֪֪ٹȻʲôͨĽָүү
ƽ쿴һеģʵϣſЩǼٵġ
ż𽥱ֽ⡢ɣоҵĴϢƽ
֪˶ã˫ۡ
κϴβһϴ˽ｭֵΣҲһĳʹ࣬˫۲ŲϢ㿴üϣͷҲۡ

ʱ򲻾ãͻȻеˣϾԺҪֵܵġ
Ŀһգգ֪βȻضɹһΡ
ƫҲħһ㶿ܱյĹӲĿ˰ӡ
ڼֲסˣգգۣջĿ⡣
ȿȡ
Ϊڸǣͷüۣ
ͻȻعĿɨ壬类һ㣬ҲֻǴӸĽǶȻܿһĶ
֮ǰǵ죬ֱӳˣͷﲨᡣ
΢΢˼һ˲ֻţ˳Ĭԣ·һبŲĵܣֻĬ̾һʼѰԼ
αȽᣬ·û˺
һ·ӳԼģһϣֱһЩ̫˼˴ıС˵ҵķˡ
ȻһҲһͷĬĬءСĵŲλãѸķ˳
Ǽ·𣬴ۣͷŪܼ֮󣬲Ŷ㡢㲻·𣿡
һֱʹͷϼʮֽóǳţΪŸҲ޷ϸ΢顣
ѯʣ˺һŷ㡭ȳȥɡ
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Լ֪Щ޷ԣϾǸصˣϴξܿˣǽܲ
룬Σ֮ʱҲ޿κ֮٣ϯҲԸ䣬ǵѡ
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ڵϣüۼ両޷ѹֵʹ֮ɫ
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ʮӴǴСţƽ̳ϥ³ʵٺ͸΢ĩĲ࣬οѹ콾п
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Ĭŵ˵ͷߵߣƿ˵š
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ĻõȻȲϻŵƽ̣Ҳ㵱ͷĻõʦ򲻻켫ƽ̳Ϊѣ븶ţҲһ˲ܴĻþӳǱ㲻콾ǵǿˡ
켫ƽҲһ㣬Ű
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պҲôģֻΪףЩģֻ֮ǳЩط޷ΪڣȥѰҲʵ䷴׶ߣҲѶģǽԶ޷Ϊǿߡ
΢΢˿պͷ޷ĳؾͻˣˮ֣Ҫ鷳տһ
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𣺵㶫ɣڵģһ׻Ǯ
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ĪһһŮŮ˫ȫ
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55 ع
ͬﳤϺͽֿ ûֱӻ׻ȥ̫ˣױ˿ߡ
Ѱ˸ͨؾ ׼ٻɷٵݻš
;м϶ ߱ͬʶеٹ֣崫пˡ
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 ҿЩ֪ Ȼ⣬ûԩ㡣
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ʲôпʵʵ˵ˡ΢ ˵㵱ôģ Ȼѳ壿ȻɱħҲˡ
ñѳ壿ЩαĶĿɳ𣿡
仰Ȼɢƺûʲô仯ٹȴЩ ˵İ֮У ΢ɼС
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һˡٵһ òԼᣬ ģ 䣬 д棬ôһССʿʶУҪĽЩӢۡԼһֵĶۣϧ壬ħ֮ô³
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Сһﲻ̸֮ĹϵҲںʲô벻ãڸп˵ϧĻԻ䣬úɸ֣Ҳ޲֮Ϊɽİʮš

ĬƬ̣ҳΪߣв֮־һ΢ĩ𡢲ôŮޣô׳־ҪΪף
ĳ־ܻЩ򣬲Ե޹ʣһͳɽ磬в֮ģǳ˵Σٹ֪ĩʱиǿ߾걻ѹֿ֮ģв֮־Ҳһֱ̣λ֮߰ſʼ¡
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׻˵úãϰ߳ȻҲԿ˵㣬ĻǲģǸ
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ͦȤġٹЦⶸȻࣺ㾹˵ңСһС
ǵһμ˸˵ħ֮ǰ塢ħ壬ߣ˸ҶҪô³Ϊ߹Ҫô־縶㾹˵ֵģҲֻһ
о仰˵úãжؾжҲռ˱ˣպҪͳɽ磬ռ˵Ǹ֪𣿡
˿ΪԼĻеӣ͸һɽӵٹֹסЦ
ãҵһôȤˣ飬Ҳǲܿǡ
ã۶գɿӣھͷҵĹͷʦΪҳıߣ롭
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ˣȥĹҵĹחKóҾʹӦ顣
חK
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ʲôö
Ȼǲǲ׼թʬ
ٹЦЦãֱЩͷˣ𴽽ǣ¡

üͷڤ˼죬ںߵҲûʲô´κͽ˵һȥΪҲ֪ŹרӡģĻôҡ
ͣͣ΢УĿͻȻЩҲһ˿Ц⣬úٹһģô֮У˵˧˧û˵ʵͦҵ

ֵٹĬˡ
ЩţĬȻ˺һʵ᱾
Ȱ췽ҹ̷
ôûк˵𣿡Цӯӯ⣬һǻۣʵҲںŮأм֮˵԰ɡ

ٹ׳ȥ֪ǲЩ߻Լֻ߿ٵصһߡ
ȴûʲôо޵Ҷᣬвңв㣬ڵѰƽ⣬Ҳڲƭٹ浽Σһ̣ȻҪģʲô
ʶйڼž̸ۣĵҸؾֱŴ֮ǰŻصš
ڼ䣬ûиٴѶҲûиѶƺϴεӰĴ
صϤţٸֶУаЦݣһ߶·ʦʦǵͷһͥȥ
Ҫ
һȥлﳤ϶Ըչˡ˵ĹϵΪϯӣԷչ˽̵ġδ¡Ӧȥлݷһŷ衣
ȥҽϴ͸˯һȻһķӦ鸴ӡ죬¾ҹˡ
Էٻص֮ȥݷﳤϡ
ͥԺţԺӦһƬн룬Ϥƶ˸ǰ
ﳤϺ죬ֻΪλشţȷٽˣ̧ͷһ˲Щ̡
ٵû˿̬󷽣ЦȴʧòﳤϣһҾЦҲ֮ǰδлϣлշ̵𡣡
ﳤɫ΢Ϻּ֮ɫ΢΢򴽣ѹͷΣſԭϯ𡣡
ͷٲ죬Ϊųϣƽ̵ĺѣλӵͷû棬֮ǰ̵֪λϯһԣƽԴʵֻƽ̵Ը
ԭҲûʲôϾƫƽ̣ӱ㣬Ȼ⡮еĵˣ˼һŵлﳤϱֹסЩ
Ϊ˶Ըº͡˰һеöˣһû£ΨϣЩԡ
ɢֲԼҵµĶ˳Цġ
˼ˣﳤСȴϷȵĸоЦ΢ܿ͵ֻǾ֮ͶѣҳݣҲʮֹɣл
֮⣺ھͿˣлˡ
ȴûһ㣬ȻЦ˵ﳤºͲģһȻˣ֪ɷڳֱȣ
ˮɫֽʮε˵ϯˣ׼ػһˣЩ¡
ԭˡ
ٴι֣ϧǵðˣףһ·˳硣
ãл
ʮε䣬ﳤձķΧУٲŻȥ
ǰŸԺӣﳤϺžʰ˳켫ƽ̷ѶϢ֣м£ٻţ֮ǰֻܰбˡ
УﳤϺƶһʧͥԺڣ޺ۼ
߳ͥԺķ΢΢ͷһ˲ÿյԺӣüۼһ˿ϷЦݡ
ﳤʲôãƤ̫Ҫ۶գһ¡
ݷﳤϣٲȥ
ͬţϢŲŴ򿪡
ͥԺԺ￴˾ͥڤ˼ӣɫЩ΢̫á
ſ˫ۣ¶еЦݣʦ֣ˣлշˡ
ѵ¶׽֮˵˼ЩƽķϯͬȴͻȻѣ͵ôʯվ㶿ŷЦݣֱſ˫۱˹㿪
ЩĬУǰʦɻʦ֣ôˣ
л˵
٣£ʦֿ˵˵ٸӼ죬¾͹ˣ´˯˵
Ĭ
Ȼ֮ǰ˵ˣ浽һ̣֪˵
#һΣһ߻ҪӦʦʺ#
#ӣ#
#һߵŶԷ˵꣬һѾɵŴѹȺ#
#ϯм#


56 д
Щɻ Ȼ֪Ϊ֮ǰͷŤû뵽Ӧô
ΪֻЩ ڽ֮Ҳ֮ȥˣ ǻǺֵܺѡ
Ͼ±Ǹ⣬Σͷ Ϊ֮Ҳǿģ 㷴Ӧ ٷ֪Ӧˡ
֮侲Ĭһ˲ Цݣºͣʦ֣ 㶼ӭ𣿡
ⱾһʮƽЦ գ˭֪ȴðûУʦܻǻӭ
Ū÷ٷ֪νȥܾú˵ʲôͷľս

ؾﲻС˯һ
ν˵ʹ಻ͨ˿⽭ʹΪѣ ֹֻ֣ ѲΪŴ伴
⵹Ҳǣ ҲΪŴ䵽ҲЩĳȣͷӰ쵹ûпܣⷴӦ̫Щ
Щ Ҳûӵ ʮȻش˫ۣ ʯ£ ̧ͷŽ ŵʦЩʱΪ棿գŴҪʼˣҿɲʦ֡
⻰ͬЩ̸ЦϾϵȻҪǰжģ˽£پЩҲûʲô
ЩĲɣֻ˾䣺пɡ
΢ͣ٣˷һۣŵʦܣЩͬ˵
ڵˡ
Σ䣬ϴģʦ˵
ף΢ȴûзֻǼž
ٵһʦ֣
Ǿ˽͵ǣͳ֮ǰսһŴǶȻ켫ڣҪСġ
٣
⣿
ȻЩ̣ٻѸٵ飬ͷ֪ʦҲҪСģǶȻǳġ
˵Žȴ˵
ɵ˺һҲֻǵʹüûٿڡ
ٱʣʦֻʲôҪҵ𣿡
ӲҿֻڼžãۣԵʹûС
Ȼ֮ǰǧ㸹壬ɵͷ֮ʱȴȻ֪ҪôڣҪôͷʦ˵Լ븶𡭡
ʦ֮ǰչ˸𣬿ôչ˵ġ
ɫЩ˵֣˺һΪһֱۣûֱ顣
еⲻ˽ʲô
𡯺͡١˵һˣҶ£λʦַҪԼ˵ˣֲڣôѵҪʡǲǺ͸˯ˡ
⻰Ҳ˵ڰȻνԣվôһ߳ĵġ
һʵ֡
ٸɴʦû飬ұȻȥˡ
ԼҲ쵽յĹ죬֪λʦܻ֪Щ֣ǣۣʹͷá
侹ЩԾ֮⡣
ʵڲ֪οڣ´μһЩ
޵֮´һǰȴѵ㲻ǰʱ
ԶԣһϢ񣺡ãҾȸˡ
԰գת뿪
̲߳סʶкٹԹ鵽ʲôѲ׼Ŵٺ˵һ仰£֪ҾͲøӦ˵ˣʱ䡣
ٹЦСһЦûŮ֣ҿҲһ֪⣬֮£ôģǾḴӡη߲ǰ
ʲô֮£Һͽ¶ˮԵҲ֪ͷһԣάĸ飬ָ֮£ҿƽͱ˽ˣôһҲ֪ô˵
һ䣬΢΢̾ˣˣôôɣҿûôʱ䵢СϣŴ伴ʼһҽһ죬һҪǰé
ŴһΣһشϯȻͷ⼸Ŵġ
аף·ҲܲʵŴΪδԴ֣ԳΪϸ߲ǽ̫󣬱㽫ʸϣΨһһ֮۵ġŽᡯ
߶Բμӣɽߵı׼ʮ£ϴԪؾ߱ȷٴûλشǸŵϵЩƽ۵֣һŴ䶼μӡ
ٺţҪ̼Щڳ˵Цͬˣ켫Ҳƽﲻֵĵϵμӣֹһ
޵һʢǰСȻҲͲֵһˡ
ôһˡŵߵ°ͣǷҪ¡
һˣֲ֪жʦҪΪߵһˡ
Ըٹҫһ䣬ѾѽҪ׵˾⣬¶˷ܼӿ첽ȥƽ̻ĵرЩҪĳ̣
ƽ̾סλþ֮ͥԶ
ͨºеӸƽ̣οϯϵˡ
źͽǺֵˣһҲߵſڣŵŵʦ΢Цͷº͵ͨһƽ̡
ŵλʦɵ׷ǰݷãûֱӾܾȨ
һλʦֵܹʦԵȡ
׼ȥͨûת洫һĮ֮
ǡ
λʦÿλã÷ڡ
ٿػһ񣬲΢Ц̧ͷͦȥ
ܴ󣬷Ϊڵƫȥʱƽ֮УڸߴĮպݹž޲˿ʹۣʯ£
ϲ٣Խ񣬵Ϊƽ̣ŲȫƾϲöԴ
ٱóӽ䣬ϣżһЩʯ֪ɷŴɿõŵر
ƽ̻ûüͷˣΪʲôط
ûԴ鱦ͨȥУһЩ䵱֮ĵطŲṩһܣˣҪףŵԴ򷨱ֻԹͣŹѫһ
شϯȴض
ѵ⣬Ҳţֻ΢Ц̧ͷȾЩЦ⡣
ƽ̽ѵǣǿɷƽΪӶһһЩ
Ҳŵġ
ŵĹأƽԼëͺûϵˣǰҪֻ뻻һЩйĶⱾȥжһֻǷûʲôʱ䣬ӽоʯӴҲúЩּ֮ۻۡ
ȻԼûʱ䣬Ǿֻ鷳ƽˣë˵ʵڲ׺һڡ
⻰ȴ켫ƽɫĮˣȥҴϣΪұ
ҴϰæܹҪǷЩ飬ƽͲһˣҺͽʦֵܣ㶫вӦģ
ڽպɫУЦĽ妣֮ǰ뽭ʦֵ£ұҲƽˡ
ƽ̵ɫѿˣȷʵмҲ׼ʹ֣ĬƬ̣ͳ
ٱöӽ䴫ȥ
պ¶⣬ͷһۣͻȻӵĽӽ䣿
öӽ䣬öǽģĽӽгϴ죬ţƽһ۱㿴˳
ҲȻЦƽ죬ӽȷʵǽʦֵģЩʯ֮ǰʦãҶһ룬Ҳֻܰæˣģһһָʦ֡
ƽĬȻ
ãЩҧгݵ֪һԲʲôö
Ǹʲôͷ˵˸һ壬ֻɵӾѡ
ƽѡ
Ȩڿ佱һϢŵЩʯ㲻ϰ󣬿࣬Ҳܻŵر֪ƽЩɷиݵϸ
Ȼز켫ƽҲúһСƽϣʲôҲû˵ֻһӣһֻ١
ٽӹüϲ鿴
ⵥӲƽдģЩſⷿĵӣν켫ڵղرŸ߲ƽ̼ȫȨЩȥ
ϸһѡ˼Ű򻹸켫ƽ̣ȻְѡеĶг
պɨһۣһѡʮֵЩʯԵ ֻϵйء
ںЩֻΪԼĶӲƽ
һѣһֵܣʮֻǸġ
һЦƽˣҲ֪ҵ΢ĩȻȲٹҪΪԼıһЩġ
ݡ
պһ۶ٿֻÿģһӣѷٶһĶ£²ÿ
֣ҲûȤ˵ʲôֻ˶񣬲ӸˣԸƽ̳޼
߳ʱܿλʦЩĿ⡣
ٺںֻԶ֮ٹ̾ôõ˿ɲˣƽ̾ȻȻð
㲻ָҲʲôóöӽʱ˵︶װһ㡯Ǹλʦֻɼơ
̾ŸջֵԴȥ
ΪʱûȥãȻͥԺɫЩԣֱٴЦԺ
ʦ֣
Ĭɫһ٣Ϊš
ĬȻİУʮֿĵó˸ջЦʦ֣ǰǺ˵ˣ֮ǰõľʯѾԴ㡣
Ѷݸ
ȴ֮ͻȻЩŵذѶ˻ȥҿٵֻŲߣøˣջ񡣡
ʦ֣ʲô˼
գüͷͻȻȻֻ΢ĩҲǵ֮ǲǾⲻʲôö
û˼
ѸתͷĿ⺱ԳֳϿңԼᡣ
Ǿ°ɡ
¶ЦݣѶɫʱ䲻ˣ⼸ҪչŴղŻأҲףʦŴǰé
˵׼뿪
ʦܡ
ͻȻڽסٻͷɻôˣʦֻʲô𣿡
ĿһֱЩ΢л˵ɿãҲֻͷȥۣûʲô
ˡ
߳һСξ룬ͷֽȻվͥԺУĿãȻ֪δ
Ǹʲôأ
ЩãŴ䶼쵽ˣúⷢȥôҵĶ֣д

ٹĬƬ̣ĵͷţ˵öԡ
л˵
ٹԵһѺ֡
٣ôˣ˵ò𣿶Ů鳤ôӰҲμŴ䣿ֻӰҰνٶȡ
ٹǣˣŮֶûôȵ㶮
٣
٣ǰɣΪϴУҼסˣ
ٹ


57 
ȻѾ˺νŮ֮£ Է˽ЩʱյദѾСһ֮жǿԵģ ˵Ҳϸ֦ĩڡ
ƫû֮⣬ ΪٹҲͬ뷨Щ ǰɣ ǲҲ˵öԣôõ츳 ú ǹĶͣǺɸգ ˵˵ ҲǣҲǣôõôңҪϹƽ̵Ķӣÿ㣬ҵҵ ٶͳɽ硣
˵˵ţ ٹҲȥ ֮ǿ
ٹʱѺֻ㲻ͶһŮϡ
ŮôˣŮ˾Ͳܾ£
ٺһĻ֮Աǣ Ȼ˵ˣ ˣ Ҫôã ĹҺˣ Ҽ̳壬巢󣬲
֮ǰ˵֮ʱٹĬ˺óһʱ䣬ȥ࣬ѾϰߣҲֻЦ˶ҵı㵹Ǻܺãֱҵ塣
ҪǲԸͱ˵ϻʲô壬˵ģǶô׼ȷЩ˭ˣֻ׼ң׼Ҷ㣿ĵ
ȻҲû⣬ЦЩˣˣŴ֮ȥĹʱٿûʱ䣬Ҫչˡ
Դ֣Ҳûʲô̫Ҫģٲᡣ
صٸβǼٽչسţٿʼǱ
պŴ俪
糿컹δѳأȥʳó˷ţߵ䳡ϡ
Ŵʮʢ磬ʮ֮⣬δλʮŵɲ룬ڶ࣬صȻĳһ֮ڡ
ݴţʮŵɽشɽһʮӴؾרŴ俪
ŴΪһ£ǰʮսǸλ˵һˡĺʱʮ֮Դ֮սʱв
طңԶҪͬȻԼķʹ󲿶һ̤е½ۡ
һϲͽռͷ˲İףҲһЩû
Щ˻º͡ưϸռһӲǰš
ŻûŴ䣬װ俿¶еɢЦݣ䵭ЦʦֽЩѰ
⻰ֻǸ˿ĳ滰ûκŭɫЩİУв˿ĿĮ
ҲںʦʦǹһЦߵ鴫ʦ֣Щʦʦ㶼ʶ𣿡
ȷʵЩ񲻼ѣΪ֮ǰǼһֱδͷ˵м˹ᣬȻЩüۼ䡣
ѯʣſһۣͳ߼װλһ۵ߣһλֳΪ޵Ľϵطʮǰ켫Ϊ̳
ұ߿һλŮޣĸһϵߣᣬˮϵطǷ켫֮
Աߵӽ̸λΪҲˮϵطǴϵĴӣЩìܡ
Щ䣬ȴʮ־𣬽ٲ̫Ϥʦʦһһܸ
Сųƽ̼ƽ̼̳ˣ֮еĽܳʶ
ΪϯɳΪϯҲֻ⼸飬µǺЩʦʦȴ̫죬µĵҲֻ˵֣ûмȫЩЩ⣬Щһֱڱչأ磬ÿһαչʱ䶼ܳߡ
꣬һĵЩ˽⣬ݳţЦһ䣺ҪŴЩʦʦǣʵڲУҪʦֵˡ
켫ڷΪϵ֪飬ˣЩŵϵ鷳Ҳʲô֮£һ׼
ǽɫ΢ĬȥʦʦǴǲҪ㡣
ǧ
ٸæסƭˣȵƭԼʦ֣ΪҴڣΪǱ˴˵жԣµӺ֧Ҳˣ˷ţŲΪɵƽ̴ǰҲм˼ȥʦʦǶ֪ˣ˱Ҳܿʱ鷳
ʮһǼ£ټһ٣ѵȵδǳɳ֮һһң켫ưɽ磬Ϊ֮֮
Ƕ϶ϲġ
޵֮·ŷٲʢֻҪ̤ٲ֮ء
˼ĬƬ̣á
Ҳδû뵽ֻΪһºķ̫ģֱһ̣Ҳ֪οڡ
ٶԽ׽Խݡ
ʦ׾ͺá
ٺ⣬ʱɵ˵㣬ؼʱ̻Ǻܶõġ
֪£ҲͲٴˣֻЦһսԴаʦţұſʦֵӢˡ
˾䳰ʦʦ㲻̫ƵĿ߻ԭأȻǸſӣòü
ǱһԲ΢üۣĮȻһƬ
Ŵ䲻ֹشŵӣʦ֮ܶϡ
˿ٵĿЩ⣬ͥĪʦܺ͹ʦߵߣ͵͵ΧֻâڱǿߵĿѹʵڲͣҲ֪ʦôĻЦ糣
Щŵصѯʣʦ֣ЩʦʦҲش𣿡
ЩûϢҲͨشһЩ
Ƴһֻۣ۾Լ۽Ѱ˸λϯ£
СһؾΧ£Σ
ŵסǴûдشΣϢıŵӣҪʦʦ㣬÷
񣬿бǮڵģʱƣ⼸СѡҪǸѧǾˣ˼ȥˡ
ǣʦ֮
Ķ˵ŵմƽһϵƽ̷һϵˣǱ߼λǴһϵˣͬҲǿ֮ˣΣգԼ㡣
ǡ
ϸǱ߼λʦʦĳ࣬Żعͷʦ֡
ͥһڹᶨģʦ֣ѾΪζȻʦֶˣһȡúóɼ˶֪ʦµӽս֮
Էٻϸϸ֪һϢϵͳƣ֮ӣҲ̫ˡ
ȻȲɳͥĽȷʵֲŶûλʦѾشǿˣѹԭУһӲʮš
ٶٸѹ
СҪǳԼôͳȫ֣Σάס֮ǰĸ
ϵͳʮƽش崫к뽭̳еĲһдӵ͵ߵϸ̵ǰȻɿ죬Ҫ㵱Լõö̳࣬еĸƫǿ߼طδ졣
Ҳǡ
ôһҲУϾǰڿЩʮصʦʦ㣬ΪȽߣȽ꣬˵һֻ־ܵǣҲȻ
΢ɣɤӣ̵ͥ㲻ɹԸҲ츳Ҫףǿڶ࣬ңããɽǲ׺һڣ㵽ƽ̵ľ磬ʸһǿߡ
ǣʦ֣ġͥ¶֮ɫصͷ
ȻٵĻ˶ףϾƽǿ߲࣬ͥʦÿһ仰Ϊãܵ
ٵͷֿλʦܡ
ĪʦһԳ֮ɫʮ˳صͷҿֱ㶶ĿͶŵ޶ۣЩʱֻЩʦʧˡ
Щϸֳһ˿֮Ĳ飬ƺΪԼûгʦֿա
ٴ΢Щ˵Ҳֻ򣬵Ͱɡ
ʦ̫ڷȫûн̵˵ĳɾ͸С
ʹλʦܣĿŵͷĪϡ
Īʦһӣ֮ǰһֱΪһҲû̫λʦƽȥͲˣҲںӻһˡ
Դӵ֪ĪҲһħ֮ĸйپȫͬˡ
ӣǸħȻûռʲôôѹһϼһﲻ̫Ӱ죬˵õӣпɣ濴ȥûʲôı䣬δȴ˵ҪǷҲ֪ħĽչ
˶λʦܣֻɫƽļ򣬼Ī̧ͷ۾ºͶ棺Īʦܣ㣬ֻһ仰
Īһ²ŷӦĿлæʦ˵
ٱһһסģ
ĪĿ͵ò޷ƵĺΣӣ񼤶
һŰס֣صʦ˵ÿһ֣ҶμһҲǡ
ýȥԼĻصͷȻܺãȥɣΧˣʦʦֲ֣ǵ裬Լϡ
һ԰λʦܸߣ˿ʱӵ۸Ȼ
ӡ¡
Ĭ̾һٿ۱Ե֮Ũƣ΢𴽽ǣ¶һڱصõЦ
Ŵ䣬ҷˡ
л˵
٣ʲô赲һˣʲô˵֮ǰǼ£УǼ¶ȥôˣҶˣ˭ǵ°ỹھɣ

ھ᱾ˣ
ٹҵ
٣׼ȷ㣬ᣬǸɵ˼
ʦܣʦ֣ϲ
٣ʲôѧԼһ룬벻ͨҺֻʦֲ֣
#٣һԵûиԻ#


58 
Ŵ䡣
켫ڵʱ䲻Ҳ磬 ɽвŵȥһƬˡ
ɼˣ켫ڵ½ۣ ȻѸٱá
ŴؾǸſռ䣬 ÿʱŵɳ룬ɢҲս ʳɫߣ ĸųϿҲеġ
ɽعﲩ ʮŸ߸ϣ в۰һʵҲΪǿ
켫ڵ½ϣǶڰԣ Ҫôռһ佻 Ҫôһȵ۽䣬ܹעҲֻǾվڼװϣһԣΨ١
վڼװ룬ֶ ЦȺ ¶ЩſЦݣ ΢΢ͷưһβŴʵ
˽ùĿ⿴ ·ڿʲôϡ涫
Ψٱ˺⣬ ۽º ǵһۣ ΧӵһĪ²ȴ Ϊÿһ
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½ϣɫµߵߣ̫񣬾ΪΪѵ
콾ӵܣñǵŰ֮ˣϾǶʱٵľֹȻ˲˵ĵ⡣
ԭֹ뵽֮ǰ˵Ļ΢ĬΣ켫ڵӣˡ
á
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ǵϵֵܣƽֻаײһӣ


59 ħ֮Ѫ
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ɵװ棬˺һ Ŀɢȥ ƽ̲ŵڣˣ¡
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ŵǴһĵӣЩԷѼΪϤЩȴδ档
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ħ֮Ѫ
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ڱԹһ䣬ٹش𣬺ֵܿȻٹˣҿװĺᣬ㲻ͷ϶ڣҲ̾ɱ˵֮ĺɣҿ˵㲢δ䣬ֻǳĳ֮أֻʱѹ¾ɽ磬һҲ·ϡ
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٣Ⱑаɣȷһߣʦ֣˵أҪһҲҪģϿһҪɶȥ

#õһӱĳҵԳ嵭ˣһʱ֪Ҫ˵ʲô#


60 
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ԼЩⲻȥ˼ֵʦʲôֵҲҪˣ ʦǲǿң
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ЦӦʣãǱô˵ˣѪҺʦ־졣
ţȥ
ļУûе飬˵һ뿪ȥѰڵӡ
ֻվԭأ뿪ıӰٹ̾黹ͦģҪȡһҵ֮֮ﶼǱԣ׬ˡ
ٹʶҡͷ̾ϢȻĻԶԡ
ԼֻʱӱѰ
һƿЩѪҺѪЩ⣬ʦ򲻿ɳԽڡ
ܶߵõѪ᳢ԼҲһ˿Ѫԣڲͬдѡ
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䣬һְɫѪҺģЩճĴУʮܲܿ㣬еġ
ٹ֪ǲǹ⣬Եƣ˼ͬ˵ûܹ¹Ѫʲôöĵġ
˵ѪܺͱϯԼᲢ˵Ҳ˼ҵѪͿԼĺ𣿡
ٹ˾죬ٱ֪Լü΢΢һ˿ɫʺĹâü͸ȾѪС
ЩĵѪҺܿ͸Ƥһ콻֯طġ
ѪҺȫʧٲžֿۣЩɻˣ
ٹ崿ѪϵУֻûˣмǸ֣ķţһ֣ģ㱾ĵϵᣬⶫ˱ŪҪʱ̣ƽ̡
ƺĺţȴЩɡ
ֻһţûκȷƽ̣
·仰ЩЦٹЦСһƽεȲûʲôʶͷ㶮ˡ
죡
߳ŭٳЦϯҾͲȥĹˣԼȥʬˡ
ǼŭٹڻЦ⣬Ȼõúúãף΢ĩҲ
٩һ䣬˵֪ΪܳΪϹʱڵİ𣿳츳ǿʵ߳ҲΪԪޡϹʱڿɲֹ꣬Ҫĩʱ۹ȥϹţħ˵ףħ嵮壬Ȼӵʡ
ħ֮˼ɼȻڣ˵֮һЩϹʱڻٹˣƽ̱ܿǣЩ˶ԣܴһУСһ㲻ʶһ±ȥڱˡ
˵꣬򴽣Сֹ˭ʶϡ
ٹôţЩôϾһϵơ
˼ϢٿеķûƤУʧŷڣѰ˸򣬴׼ȥڵһԡ
ڵϡ٣ȻλʮţȴһЩеŵ˵ӻ١
ٻһЩʱ䣬ٹİ±ϲųһڵϵӡ
˴źɫɴߣһīɫʮɫ޵֮иۡվλÿ䣬Ҳ˵ڵĴ˵ûмǰ
پϡеһ
δڸΣߵڵǰЦλѣ֪ɷһ𣿡
ĴύŵҲǵһˣȻζڵӣû˸е죬ֻǾҪԸŸ
ڵӹͳ١
ϵλȵ켫ϯû˵˼гٵֺܿ߿
ͳЩԭɫ
Ҳں˼֣˾ĿйһſЦݣֺβ˵˵仰
˽£ħĻԻͣǶˡ
űɴߵڵĿֻڣ̫С
ע£Ĭת
ߵķפأڵӣ˸ҿ
ЦݼɨΧ𾪵ΧȺڣֶУ̬иڵȥ
˶һرĬԵѹգһǵפرо
ڵӽһ乬鱦Уر˵ţŵ̳𡣡
˵Լ֡
ٱЦǵĻԻĻҲˡ
˵仰̳ƺȷһЩժϵıɴߣ¶һףüһöɫķġ
ŷ٣ƽ⣬ȻЩҵȴδȴٹ⡣
һ䣬ʣ㲢ڵӣǺˣ
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Щ㻹ûлشҵ⡣
Ӧƽʣ㣬ûʸ񡣡
ʮָգ˫Ƚ̬Գ߸ϵζȫȻںеı仯ֻˣΪ˽͸ֻᣬٹ⡣
̳üøˣǰЩǳóȻֻҪƽ̣
Ҫƽ̣ƽǷ
ָ˭̳ԽЩĪ⡣
ħеڶ𣿡
ֱ𱳼Цôٹˣ֪ˣˣҿҲһˣѲΪٹˡ
˵ŻҪģ
̳΢ڳҴȥƽ̡
л˵
٣ҲҪģǴٹģ𣿾ҪҲ׸ġ
ٹõʱûõʱ֣ʱаǸߡ
٣ŭҵģƾ³Էʲô£֣
ٹֶ˸ǰɣ


61 һС
Ŵǰ£ СĽҲйϵɷٿڱ˵뵱йصأ ̳޷ӡ
Ҳ֪ ÿһħ֮Ѫٹ˶֪ǰħжԻͣλħ֮Ǻεǿ ԶЩܱȡ
ֻǵĻԻĻ ԡٹڣ ֻȡ顯֣ ϵԻͺٹ⡣
Զȷиӳݻ˵ηλħ֮
ֱ̳Ӵŷȥƽ̡
һЩ԰׵ˣüнɫģ̳ЩĽɫͬ üĽɫʮѤ ٹơȻ˵׼ȷܵƽ̣λȻ濴ȥ࣬û׼Ǵǰħ
ϵƺ񣬷޷׼ȷֱ棬 ֻӦò켫ƽʵ
ƽ̣ ̳𹧾 ˣǴҪ
ǰѾͨѶƽ̷֮ǰ˵Ļ
ƽ̾һѺɫľ޴ϣݹž޲ ֻõͳʵǺˣ
ٵݴ˶֪ ɼѯϵݣ εĶ
ϾϹʱڵн꣬ ֪ܵٹϱȻ뵱ħ֮սйصˣ ħ֮ˣ֮ˣһݶֵдһʡ
Ҳ˵ʱװXҪľҪ˵Ϊ˵˵˾ûX
ݼĬĿǳֻ֣ĳϣһѤõĽɫ𣬷貹â
ƽɫ䣬̳𾪵Ŀ뿪Σ첽̨ףߵߣ̲ססֱ̧ϸ鿴
΢΢üҲǰһλǿߣֱۣЩط˷䣬ԾӸµ̬ȵ룬Ӧʶİɣʶ֮Ҳûʲô˵ȥ
Աߵ̳Щɻʶģƽȴž̧ͷ٣˲ǿҵĲ
λλǳս𣿾к棿
ٹ޵£ٹ֪顣
Ц䣿εΰΪܳɱ
⻰ʲô˼
ƽĿвԾ͸޴ѹ
ѹ֮ϢУȴޱ仯Ȼ˹ǳ˯ˣʱص۷塣
һ仰ȾЩȡ
ƽĿЩãȻŷ٣һֲŵ૵ôܣѾѾ
仰ϣٻѾȷǰλƽǰٹˣȻ֮Ϊ
ֻǸʱٹѳˣпܻʶΪΪǳĳƺ
΢ɸӽЩ
Ȼݲȣǳ֮ΰǶȿֻҪ֪ʱˡ
ƽû˿ӦȻ߶šȵȼʣ·û֮ǰлع
Աߵ̳վûǸʱ̲סȷ˵Ļģ
жϣңסǣǹӲд񣬵ͬΪٹˣӦػ£ٹ⣬
˵ЩػһۣԲԼ϶ˣʲô顯ɼٹ𡣡
ƺЩô˵̳粵һ䣺㲻ҲԼϣ
ݺıΪպ̳켫ƽ֮λѵҲǣ
һˣ˵ЩҲûʲô˼ȻѾٹ⣬Ҷ£Ҳա
תҪȥ
һֱ֮еƽڻع̵ȵȣ˵δ䣬ںδ
˵£һ΢ЦݣعͷһʮĿעƽ̣ڳ˯֮أҵȲԴţҿ԰λø㣬Ҳͬȥŭҡ
ƽ̴΢׻ûʳڡ
ȷʵǴħʱڻٹˣħݵĻԻͣҲ֤λΰһͬ𣬵ٹԻʱڣֻһ۵ϵĤݹλߵķˣٹȻǲʶģû䣬Ҳǰȥĳ˯
öģϸϹȷٹϵӡǣҷǸ֣һ񡯣ٹ䣬˵ٹˣϵõ˶࣬˵α죬Ҫ֪Ҳ첻ֻһ㣬ӵĻ߰˷ˡ
ʣµ֣Ҳȥӡ֤
ٹĺᣬΪӡ֤ȥ˯ֻ½ʱ֮أٹٹĲֹлԻ͡ٹ⡢Ѫͷ
û˱λǺģ
ƽ˿𽥻ָƽŷ٣ˣкҪҪҵЧͣ
ĳƺ˼Ϊġӡ
ҷ֮ǰЩҲţʲôٹ֮ģٹĺ֮ģ
ڷ֮ǰҲһ˵Ѱͷǵ㡣
ɫԶЩƽ̵Ҫҡ
˵ƽ΢΢ü
Ҳ㣬ٹҵ棬ʱ¾£ңֻĴѪ֮һҪһ̳֮λУҺѵõϵһİҪǵİҳΪΨһļ̳ˣΪҽعٹһϵδɡ
˼ּ׳־ƽüͷֵֹңٹĺᣬպ»ҵǣÿ˶һ˵Ժúÿǡ
䣬ƽ̻û˵ʶٹѾСһԽԽˣö˶˵ֱ̳֮ս׼ȥҼߡ
ⲻΪŶ𣿡ѵý͸룬ҶĵϵˣҪǴ磬ⲻھͺˣΪҪ̳֮λ޷õڲԲŵҰ֣ǲǷǳϲƵ뷨
ٹЩĬһϢſڣЩߡأ
򵥣ͺˡ
ҿĪʦܾͲϷݵúһãֱħȵʱһ̳һΣڣƽѾ߰˷ˣ׻
֮䣬Ѿ˺Ϸôȥ
ٹ̾ΪֹֻûԼһʱһ־޴źϹʱһܡʡ
ʵУƽ̳Ĭһ¶ǳЦݣһߵ̳𣬵Ȼô˵ܾǲ֪ôֻǹ켫֮ˣҲܽӴӣ̷̳ڹңΪЧΣǹȱҲԸɡ
޷ȫȷٻе٣ֲȥ֤ٹǲǻţԷֻһĵӣڼҴҵ󣬱ǸһЩҲûʲôǮƽ£ƽ̲û
ϹʱھһԵӣȻǵһǿߣˣȻҲûƽǰ׳־ʲôַϡ
ڡٹϵᡯǰܲͲ֮˵ЩߡڣҲô
Ǯ֣λƽ̵̬ȵ÷Щ죬Ϊٹйصǿ߶һУҪ໨࣬û뵽ƽӾȻôС
ûħʱڣȻǶٹη壬ȴû뵽ôš
ǺõľУҲں
ƽ˵󣬷ǿ̬˵ͷƳ̳һۣǳҲգұǿŰɡ
ڳһƽӵģ
ƽҲգ̳һЩС͸٣ȻſͿͳš
뿪פأٲͷһ۴ӸոտʼͳĬ̳𣬵켫ڣҵǺܷ㡣
̳µ΢ܿٵˣȥҶһЩˣΪЧ
λڵϵƺһŷӦʹͷЩѵҲƽʡ
ڵӶ̫˽ʣƽҲĬԣپȻȥˣȥɱʹ졣
ƽʣ
΢ü⣬Щʲôᣬƽ̻棬߲Ҫ
ǹΪֻ̳Ϊٹϵ̬ðڳ̫˵λƽ̷ỳ١
ֳ̳ĬһŵˣԵҶᡣ
Ǵɤۼ
룬ֵǺãȥսϵɣ㲻У֮ܵȥսҲܣֻҪ
̳Щ⣺г𣿡
һ콾ΪȷٸһЩϾŵϵһ˿ħ֮ѪҲҪΪӡЩŤ
̳ܿ
ƽ֮ò
ҲûʲôԹǿ˳۰ˣ£㲻֪ԭί
Į
ףȻǿ˳۵Եʣֻ뼤һìܣλʦҲ˳ۣ֪ʲôʱ鷳һùλϴӣȳ֡භֿոȥڵӣܿܵóʹʲôƴٳɵģֻ켫ڲìء
ǷҪĽ
̳˳Ĭƺ뵽ʲôֿڣ˵һ꣬顯ΪϡУ
̳֪ͻȻʲô˼ֻЩãȻͷǣ⻨ǹ֣ħʱڴģ쳣ֻС
áٵͷ赭дȥҲʮ߰˶

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֪˵ˣ£ֻӼ̣ҪΪʲô
üͷһ壬ɨһۣ̳ͷȥҲøӵͳ
ǣ⻨ϡ٣ֻƽ̵ĻС
ǾȥƽҪңҲѧóЩԼ취ĪҪʲôͬ˵
ٰһֵ쾡¡
̳΢΢Ĭ󣬲ŵǡ
ʶУٹҪⶫʱͨĻݣС˵һ˺ÿһǴ
㲻
棺ŮϲÿĶŮӵԣûòҪÿá
ٹŻȻ򣺡ҪȥСʦú
ޣͼûʲôϵ˺𣿲ȷʵͼ䣬㵹ˡ
ȲΪ׼ֲΪ׼ģٹѵЩ棺ֿĸʦã
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ٺмʹļףĩ˲̾һ䣬ǸСģҪ͸ƽ̷ˣ϶ϲ
ٹ𾪣ǿͷĸף̫ðɣ
˵һ仰ھͺͬھ
ʮŭҾͲТôҺͽ˯Ҳ˯ˣְ˰ӣﲻҸͼ仨ôˣ뷨ôôΪ飡H֮ˣޣ
ʶݸΧ˼㣬ֱȫٹŲźۼ˿Ƴ̳䵭ĮȻסҪŸġ
л˵
٣ĸ˼һ˻Ǻɵġ
ĸ
ٹҵִ磬ŰӲСһƵڶ˳Ƶһ
٣˵H֡
ٹ


62 
ȻЩĪҪ ̳𵽵޷磬ֻɳĬ֮ǣӡ
ԵЩͳ
תһ룬 ̳ҲǿСˣ ĿǰСǸȻҪʱֳ̱Լġ߹󡯺͡䡯 Ҳһζѹ
ϸ˼֮ ǳһ䣺ܵñۣ պ£ ȻǵϵһˣĶ࣬Ӧ㲻İɣ
仰˵˿ϡ
ƽ̲ٹ ᲻٣ Ҳ̳ձֵĻҪһ棬ֻƽһġƽ̵ĵھӣǿڵϵ ⻹Ϊ츳
Ϊԣ ӣ ˵ţʵһ壬ƽ̸棬 ڵƽȴһֱһˣ ֻǻ֣ Щ˶ö֪
ڵЩٹ Ĵӣ Կ֮λֻȡǿߡ
̳˵û˼ļ̳зʽЩǰеʦʦ㻹˺Զ
ֱƽ˷٣ƺǸλøԶˡ
ͷҡƽ̵ھӡ
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ٲ˵ˣҷ˵ȥΪҰãĺô
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ȺУܿһҵԼСܡ
Ǵδ˶ǿߣ˶ڽ䣬ĿԵЩ𶯣Ҳ洦ɼʦʦǣֻһ˽
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΢΢̧̧°ͣʾԼߡ
Īúܿ죬һЩֵֻ̿飬СԱ¡
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ĪһΪʦֵĿ̿ϲһЩɻ
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ȻϣʦԴʦԴǸʵûΪʦʲôҪ¡
ȴ⣬ֻҪĲʵǺϲʣ㲻ɣʦˡ
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ĪֹסΪĻϲʦֵĻû˵̵ֻ꣬ҪΪʦЧǣʦвǲܷԸ
˵ıȽһ仰ˣûҲûηȴʮּᶨɼλʦҲȫȻ֮ǰһȷʵǿõġ
ٶֶ˼ģԼԸɤӣѹ£֪֪Ϊ֪
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Ҳ֪λǰʲôֹ糣Ҳ޷Ӱ㣬ұҲ˵ʲôˣڽҲ롮ħ塯йء
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ԭ˵õ̵ĪħĪΪѰһµ壬ȻҲֻǡħ˵ģĪ˽ԸԼǾЩЦ
Īȴû˿Ц⣬ֻʦֵĻʦֽҵ֮ǰ㲻뿪ҵʶй¶ʦֵܣ㵨ôұͬھ
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Īٿ֮Ҳָ˼žҪʵܷϡٹݡ
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ʲô
û뵽𰸣ϧǼ仨ƾƽ̵ʵֶֶ٣̳ôĺᣬһϵӣ仨Ҫȥ͵
ٶʱڲܺЩһ̳һʼѣܾ⺢е㺩
Ȼ̳󣬳ƺӡЩףɷپǲָо
֮ǰΪǸʲôĪĵطһϵƽ̣µ˵ӣʹ˵ء
ôҲˣپЩ飬ԶһϢˣ°ɡ
ٺ̳һҪ̲סγɿ̰ӡˡ
̳ȻͷĬȥ
ٴ뿪֮΢΢̾˿ʶжٹٹˣǲǶ̫𣿡
ٹûʲôоͬЦ޹ء
ֲú
Ʋ졣
õ黨룬ֳ֣֮ȡ䵥ţ׼͸飬˾Ŷһ׼͸ƽ̷ˣлǰԡ𡯵շʣ䣬׼ԼԷãϾϡĶܲý̳ȥԼƽ̻͵
ֺ黨߳ƧȥѰӡ
⻨͸ƽ̷ˣϾλû棬ֲʺʱ˼ȥͷΪá
ֻǲ֪ȥĶؾһȦҲûҵƽȻڹ̨ϡ˵һҲֻգۼ䣬Ŵڼ䣬ƽ¶ڴ˴
ͣפһҲ¶һȻ΢Цɴ౧ŻһѤõ黨󲽳ƽȥ
л˵
ƽ̣ͻȻֲԤС
٣ûң
#ܿǱ֣ᷢϯϷֻΪڲˣĪʦܲͬΪ#
#֮ӣӵʦ֪ܲΪͻȻʼÿžϰЦĿ⣬ԼԼ˵ڱٹΣһˣҸô죿ߵȣ#


63 ĺ
켫ƽ¸⾯
һǷǰݼ ǻƽ̿˵
һû¡
ƽ֮ǰ˵ͷ١Т֮ͣһû鷳
ɲŲһʱ䣬ֿǻ˶̨
켫ƽ̿һѤʻ ֲõԤУ 뿪
ɲԶĻƽҲˣ΢ ЦֽΪǣ 鲻
ͻȻ Ȼס켫ƽ̵Ĳ Ϊٵİݼ̸߽֮ͬҲӦ
Ա߼λƽ̵Щ죬ǺܿҲ˿ķ٣ ʱ¶Ѱζı顣

ⶫȻʲô ⻨ȴʶڵزƽµĹ֣Ҳûƽ̸߲Ҫƽ̸߲㣬 һܵõ⻨ ЩѰζˡ
ڵ· мֱ¡
¶Ϸı顣
켫һ˫ܣ˫ܱ˴˵жԡƾˣһŶ Ȼ뿴һĻ
ֻ켫ƽɫѿ ۿһ̨ ߵԼߡ
ٳһҾ ͬƽ̶˺ã ʮذ֮ǰǰС켫ƽߣƽĮĿУ黨
ֻżЩмر𣬲֪ƽ̡
û˵꣬켫ƽЩûȤˡ
ɫ΢Ц常ˣⲻǸġ
üۼ¶󣬡нʦ֣һʱûҵʦټֻ鷳常常͸ƽ̷ˣԱЩ⡣
켫ƽĿⶸȻ
ѹٴϵ´һ飬ŵҪ͸ˣ
ǡ
Ȼͷ
ƽ̵ɫȴһãѿлΪ׵⡣
ѹ̫Ӿ豾ˣ
Щɻգۡ
常ֻ˵ĸϲܡ
ȻУ黨׸ƽ̣һƣʾڵ·ֶһЩܣʵϷٴ˿̻ôġ
ûҵ飬Ҳ켫ƽˡ
һˣǸСҸͻ֪Ϊ
պȾŭȴѹŲ֮´ȥ켫档
ŭЩ֮У˿ŵΪ̹֮±η塣
ƨ
켫ƽ̵һοڳ໰ǰΣû˵˴֮֪ǲ漰ƽ̷˵Եʣ֮ǰҪߣֻǲȫ¶ڱ棬Ҳ
ԱߵϯۣպĿȾЩɫԵıҲˣƱ豾ˣվͱ㡣
ɵһƬȻθ֮ġ
Уֻмĸǰշ常ʵڲ̫ġ
켫ƽƽ¶Ϊֱˬû뵽漰ƽ̷ʱȴ˽÷ٲ֪˵ЩʲôãƽʵǸ޿ħ
ֻɥĲҲȥƽ̷˺òãǿǽĸףٹôˣ켫ƽҲͺףѵô˵ˣ
ٰͣ켫ƽȻĻ¡
ͻ޹߾Ĭһڣǵӻ֮͸ĸ

켫ƽ̵ЩＷƵģŴǾĬ˻Ŀڵ
ЦеĻһ䣺常⻨Ҿ˸Ӧû£ǵúĸ˵
պޱ飬һԲ
ټֶһҪĸ͵ģ֮һѯʽʦֵġ
һƽ˵ԼŪģ˵ûˢƽ̷˺øе˼ɷپ²ҹС
켫ƽɫܲÿĻ̵£ٿǰϢţԿ
ٶĻ޶ã΢Ц¡
ֲɵû²Ų῿켫ƽ̣һƽѹƲסƢˣĶ˵ȥ
˻˲Ŀ¹̨ٲȻһ켫ƽ̹ϵеӣ·ƽϵɫǻþЩ
ʱ̳ߣͳһλֳȥսһʮ˺̨
Ŀһ̹ܺã·
̳һԲǰ棬ϢȺŲЩȡ
ٻ˲ſߵĹ켣ĵڹϵţ˵䲻࣬ȷʵ
һʮ˺̨ٸով㿴һɴߵīߵ̨
ƺЩɻ󣬽Ҳκս֣Һûеɡ
ǰڵݵ߾һеٮٮ֮һ
Ϊĵ֮˴սҲûУ㺱һ㶼ŴڣνѹᣬΪԽߵĵȻԽڴ俪ǰվͶս
ԽЩ֣׼ȥѰǷٵĻ
ǰȴûʲôܣ𣿡

һ£ܣ˵˭
仰ŭȾЩɱ
ܣ񾹻Ҫ
ĹâһѪɫӿгʱֱ̽š
ڵ¿Щ̾عͷѯʣ˵ʲô
̳Ĭһŵ͵͵Ҷ˵˲δң̤֮ҵң˵ڶǷ
Щˡ
ʦˣ
ʦӴ࣬ƽΪˬʡ
ͨ׵˵λʦΪЩױ
ˣٻǶֹĿ࿴ĸо
ԭΪ̳Ǹȥƽ˵Ҫ˽ƽ̻ԡ͵͵ĺСе㶫
˵һһ׵ģܰλʦֺôţָǰһԼα衯Ḷ́λʦֲߣлҲ˵úʲô˵ڶǷȵȣ˵ǷҲ̰
ĬԵĺԭСôڡ
ܾԼֿСܵسһʱ֮侹֪˵Щʲô
ڴҶ̨ϵսעûʲô˹עһĻ
̨ϽҲ˼һʼ䣬ԸмְԵ棬û£ȻװױڱϣֻսңҲûн͵˼ˡ
ߣһнƾʵ˵
Ĳ󣬶ŵϵȻҪֳߵ
̨·ֿһپЩġ
λʵ£磬սϼʱŷʤҲǳ£ȴû˼￴Ǵ򼸸ʱ֮һս֮󣬽ԼҲûʲô˼鷳ˡ
ٱߵ̳߰ɣҴһЩħط
Сܶòνһһ棬ʩСܸŷ
̳뿪Χ۵ȺֻȺΧ̨ʮ֡
ŵϵսֿɲʱеģ˺ܸȤ
߳Щ룬ٵ㴫ƽ̣Ȼ֪ħطӴģطҪúϧǡ
ٹȷʵвϾϹųưһʱİЩʱҲڳһЩƤëȻʤޣСȴˣҪ֪ٹħ֮Ѫϣƽ̵Ǹͨˣ֪ϵط
̳ȻĿһȻЩ飬ܸоЩ΢У䴽˵ˣűȻ㣬ұȴһѪ֮ԼѪսطΪսʱ֮ãԡ
ֻ˵˸ͷͻȻһϮѩ½ǡ
¡Ʈơ·
Ȼȥٱ㷢ʧһʱĽ³ֻ֣ɫ̫ãЩ԰ס
ԭ׼̳úÿ佱һжѵãԼĴ󷽣ɿͷûʲôˣʮذѹСܣٴæضһ䣺úΪЧ㡣
ȲǸȥ
µط̳Щģһγлӡ
ȻѾԶ
첽ߣݴЦѯʣʦôˣôɫЩ԰ף
˿Ȼǳ飬֪ǹԼ˾䣺޷ֻЩˣ
ˣ
΢䣬˭㣿ʦңȥ㱨𡣡
Щů⣬ҡͷȻӽӽóһȾѪĶݸ
ʲô
ٽӹһһѽ׼ȷ˵һϿżϸ֡˷硯
һѷϵȼĸߣǶ콾˵Ҳǳ
õƽ̴ơķһ壬Ǵؾ͸һ𴳹ڵľ޴ɹأޱȡ
ѳ˷ҲֻһǰˣһıУУ
ĿǰõȲѡ˷硯
Щס
Žѵò⣺ʦǣ
һƽͻȻұ뻽ʦһֻǱѰԼȥˣʦܿ˳˳֡
ʱڱչأûҵ
ȾѪٺؾⶫЩ֣Ĭ죬ѽ˻ȥ
ʦ֣ҲҪ
̫ˣ֪ԸҪΪϣҪˣԺ󶼲˼޶ëˡ
Ǻöְ
ûн£ֻ΢΢ҡͷĿƽݣҲû˿˼
̹Ȼʦܣ°ɣ㵱ʦִǰӵǸ⡣
޷Ǽ¸֪ʦܣѽҲǿֲЩеΡ
ͷˡ
ʲôúһ¹µİͻȻʲôֵ飿ֻӰƽ̵ٶȺòã
Ĭ죬Ǽʵڲָָ䣺ʦܱ㽫͸лɡ
ݾĬֽ島ǾĶ֡
ǽһ˵֮ϸһֺ͵һθöƺһԡ
ɫһ٣ЩҵصͷӿһЩʦܣҪұ㲻˵ˡ
Щ̵壬΢ţɿӷǰ뿪
ڷĿ⸴ӵضıӰãʶеҾˣҵ켫ƽ̣ҾͰѼڴ
ٹ
ЦƵȻˣôɴ켫ƽ֮λøˡ
ôУ
˵ָ̻ԭһһ룬˭Ҳ赲ͳɽ磬ֻӰҰνٶȡҾˣӽ쿪ʼҪһ㣬šȥƽ̡
л˵
ƽ̣лл㰡
٣ա̫ˣȻֵסңҲױס˫š
һЩˣ־Լˣ塭ƺһԣҰʦϵĶֹˣ⡢Ǻã
ٹƣ
#ûиĹƻ#
#СܿòԭǸڵ#


64 ս
Ϊһѡ˷硯 Ĳ⼸նȥƽ̣찲ӣ һЩ ʲôʱһڶ͵󲻹Σ ҪΪı⡣

ҲŴˣ ûȥͻ Ŵ֮˵ ñġ
֮Ѱ˴ϡٵĵطϤ˷罣չ˺üղ£ɸճأ ˵켫ڵսܡ
һӾ֧ˡ
սܣ
ͬһս޲ʤ ˵սܣֻпǱĵϵӣյ飬ѹˡ
Ϊᱦˣ֮ǰʱ ϵĲ԰׶޷ڸǣ ɼƲᣬ ⼸ֻ¶ˣʱսǳ֮Σ˶ó۷״̬
ٻһˡ
սܽڴϯ
ҵ̳ ѯʣ⼸ڱչأ ô£
̳⼸ҲϤ ϢǺͨ ѯʣ ܿڵĵΫi裬ǰˣս켫ӽʤ
ʤ
Цһ֪˽ˣ˵İɣ
ھһе֣ڵΫi켫ڵλ࣬Ҳ츳ƽ̲ΪӣӺ͵ȳƺţɷ⣬ֻϯûӻߵӡ
Ϋiͽͬ콾ʵڵ£پԼҪֶξ΢ʹ㷨ӣԽֱӣƽҲǲܣϾıҲʵеһ˵һҪ˵սʤѡ
ϾСгƽָ㡣
ٱʱ޵ҪʱܸȥǶԽ
Ϋiʲô
ڵĵӣҲҳ֮Σ۸Ǽҵı飡
ڷУѾֵˣ۸ֵܾԲС
΢ѹг˷罣΢΢˸󣬵һ콾ӣȥҸλ¸ս̨
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Ӻ켫ڵӣгԹ𣿡
ǺͽгԹ̳һۣǳӴӲмĶֶҲҹ콾պҪ̳켫ڣ켫ڵڴ򱾹ӵ
һĮ켫ڵĽˣҺ£޹ء
콾ԼĽ콾Ǻȥ۸ߣֻǿս֮ӣš
̳ȻĻЩ֣Ҳ⣬ٹĵϵᣬȻг޷ĽʵҲΫiЩ˲ݣȻӮ˽켫ڵ棬ǲƽġ
ֻȷʵ
ɣʮ콾ϴӣӮΫiָȻҲᱻƽ̸߷Ϊӡ
̳˼ս뿪
ոճѰ˸طʼչء
ʶУĮٹһħѪ֮Ҫʹõģ֪С
ٹЦô㾹ҪΪͷͷɣΰˣ´ӮͺˣѪ֮ûѪܻЩ֢ġ
޷Щʱգ߾ڸЩش£һʱվͺˡ
ɫû˿仯Ȼ䵭ƽ
Ϊͷֵ𣿡
ɷ²ֵֵãֻΪһǻʹ졢ġοҲȫΪ˽켫ڵӣҵͬš켫ڣ켫ڵǴҵ˭ҵҾ֪ʲôкڡ
ȻƽЩ̫˳ۣʵ켫ڴ󲿷ֳϡ߲˶ƽ̷ˡԴʱͬ˵ƽֻǵ춹ĵĳϡϣһƽﶼ̫ĳǡ
ԼʦʦãǴγȥһֱ˳ۡħƿ޵½⣬ЩСӣֻҪЩͬŵĵӣԿܵǡ
ٲһԵˣǶĸԣǸˡ
߿Ϋiݲģݵ£βͲз١
ٹֵҿԵķģŴ֮󣬱ȥĹ̽ΪѰ
ϲƤô޶ô⻹ǵһˬ죬Եķġ
ٹԳûЦȻᱻԵţɲ֪ΪʲôȴЩ˵
ǰ÷ϹʱڵҪġԱ˺ģԼҲģʵóλ˼ҲδñʱַַٻǺһ
Ϲʱſаӵħ߸ϣûκζٹҲֻ࿴һۣ̫
˴뷨ҲֻǾ÷װĺȤ
ٺǲһġ
ģװ£Ҳװߵˡ
ٹ֪ǺûǲãֻͻȻЩ
ԭ볰ЦһµʱȻζֻǳˣҲȰ㣬һţǰѪ֮˲Ѫӿʵɣɾ𣬴ս֮Ҫ²ٺ˶֣ŵرֱֻѵãˣ׼ɡ
£ҪŴβˣԭ׼Ŵһ˵ģ˵ΫiһսԼҲܾˣɵײ֮սЩʲô
ȴںֻã㴫ҡ
ٹطٴ
ڷٳȥڻ֮ͨǰûס˾䣺СһǻҪ𣿡
û˿ɣֱӻˣҲеһ֣ҲΪžͷ룬ҹĵܵ裬ͬͦԥҪشۡ벻ҪΪԲֶΣΥԼԭѲԼ
˵꣬񣬿ʼطֻٹʶþó˼Ĭ
һ˼ʲô顯
硣
̳𽫷ٵսڵĵΫi裬һƬȻ
Ϋiսʤ켫ڵӽ˵ڽЩ˵£ʤ˾ʤˣ޽пᣬûɱ㻹ѡ۷ʱ̣ưͿ켫ֻܳ£˺ֻ֮һ֡
û뵽Źһ죬켫ڵϯսҪսΫi衣
ʵ󲿷ǲ÷ٵġ
ϴŴ䣬˵⼸ͻѹ콾ڴ󲿷ӦǱȲڵĵӣϾʮ࣬ں켫ԶϵҲһ㣬˵ӺٽΫiȴͽһѾá
Էٵս˹עֻҶûҵٵټǿΫi֡
λĮ֮ڱذܷ٣Ҫݸſ֮˹زݶ
ЩŶûд켫פء
켫פأһʽ鱦Уڴɫ֮ǰҪ԰һЩߣĿЩǡ
켫ƽҴҴļ΢óһƿ浹һ۴СƮĵҩ
ѵҩ͵Ӵߡ
ſڷ£ȻɫԺһЩ
պɫдǲ֪ܵĶ
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Ա߽Ҳƽ̣ȥսΫi裬Ȼݺݸѵ
պƳһۣƽԷٺ͸Եúܱ꣬˿ȴɫ
ƽ̳˵켫ֻǿƽҲͰˣʱŴ䣬һҪ
ΫiͽͬӣҪսҲҪͬͬУ˽˭ʤ
뵽⣬պͻȻЩջ𣬡Ǹ٣Ҳ֪Ķȥˡ
Ȼٲ˳ۣôսҲΪ켫棬ǿ鱦΢ָһ£սƽ֣ôϹȥЩڵսʧˣ켫ƽһЩ鱦Ҳˡ
ҲԱȰȥĴѰңղսӦҵõ
켫ƽ΢΢̾һǲʡĵġ
ǰɫ԰׵Ķӣֻû
֮ǰ֪ȥٶᱦʱûסǻ˶֮ܿͷΫiս£켫ƽҪʼۡ
ƿɲᣬֱμСԭҲ֪ܲŴȬһ켫ڵսֻҪ⡣
Ǽɫֵƽ̷ģʦܷˡݡӦܸŴڡ
Ըɡ
պüģñǰЩȥɽΧѰꡮݡһţʦܺշ¡
ǣס
°üĵƣ켫ƽͷ뿪˵
ֻǰʮ궼ûĵض࣬ԴӽһͻȻ
硣
׷ŹһգڶսӽʱٶȻӱչ˫ۡ
ɫƽüĿȻƽ½ϵ壬˷罣󷨣̨ȥ
л˵
٣ֵܵëֻ޶֪ҲҾͲз١
ٹ˼˼Ĭ
ƽ̣ʲôҾúײˣˮһ㡢һ㣬Ҳ
٣£Ұ籨
ƽ̣
ƽ̣ޣ찡㻹ǰ˰ɣ


65 ٵĿ
ھź̨ȴʱ
콾֮ 漰棬Ȼѡǰʮ̨սŵΧۣкüλƽ̶ӹ̨ңңͶĿ⣬ Ȼʮֹע
У 켫ƽ̡ƽ̡ƽ̡ƽ̣λΪע
ٵʱ Ϋįϡ
óһ ɫƽ һǰ
ǰɫ ʶ˲࣬Ҳᱦ֪ǽµı Ϊαڷϣ ˲²⣬Ҳ켫ƽ̸ٵĴۣϾӰܺսΫi裬ǰܣҲһ١
β²⡢۷׷ף ٽĿбӣ һ·ߵ̨֮ϡ
̨ϣ ΫiɫĮ͸Щֻеӣ սҡ
˵켫ڷٵͷ Էٵӡ󻹲ڴǰ һŴ䣬 һ֮ˣ վȻս켫ҲǼͶҽ롣
û˵ֻ󣬶ס˷罣Ľա
Ŀ侲ЩӵĻ˽һһ켫ڣ١
Աߵĳҿһۣʼ
Ŀһ˲û˿ԥѪȼգɫâ˲Ⱦ˼Ѫɫ
û˿̽˼ֱǾɱ
ɫͬȾЩѪɫִǰз·һ˲â̼Ϋiǰ
ΫiҲţ޵ǽϵط۹ֻȷٵķϵطǿ
һ״Щĳìɫì⻹ẉ̂
Ϯìǰ̶ֱͣԷǻ
νһ糤һǿⱾԹصķʽٲ뱻ĳìУȻҪˣˡ
پ۶ûգֻ΢΢Ųì˱ļδûսֻѸסìˣ˷
˷罣ӰûΫiĸ
Ϋiƺһɫ䣬ˣ
˭սһʼõಫķӣ˻ˣͲ
ȴû˿ȴֱʱԭƽϲŹһ˿ϤаЦݣħɻʦֻû˯أôƽ𣿡
̨ϣڵƽһȻԷٵﲻ
Ա߽պƳһۣ䵭Ц˹ôεСƽϣ˶пڳҲʲôϡ£ôˣʲôߣ±˲֪в
պͽӮѵԵ֮սҪרȶԷ۷ʱٳ֣ΪǹҼң
ȻûʲôڷսڵҲԼ˼ôֻ׼ͽսˣ׼սͽ
պǰʮգɴ˿̷ֳһƬȻƽЦѡ
ԱߵĻƽ̲һ䣺⺢ӵǱȼǰгֿɲҪ﷭ǡ
ǰӻ˷һΣɴ˿Ҳû˿ԥ
ʮŴˣ˴˽ֻжԣ˭Ҳ˭ѡ
պĻȴԣֻĮѻǹĹԼɣսܣҫ
˵Ҳ顣
ѩЦһƽ̣ΫiСӡ
ʮЦٲ
λƽ̱˴˶죬һسĬƽȴûͬǽֻ̨ϵսԼӷһڵѪвЩϤ
طЩطط࣬Ҳ޷ȫֻٿ϶˼֣ٴȷʵٹЩϵֻǲ֪ǵõ˵ϵᡣ
һ㣬һֱȥġ
̨ϣ˻˸Ϋi踹һԷŸȴ˿ֹסѪȴ˿ûгɣûںϵƣϣ˷罣ٴο˼֣ӰΧĿΫiĲ
Ϋi費ٴȴȥʧȻ
ѪȼٶٴοЩһɨΫiı۰򣬶Էֱһ˺ۡ
۶ûգһ
սУٴüſ񣬸ںԷĹֻΫiҪȥȴ
ʦ֣㿴СܵĽɻ죿
ΫiɫĮûлش
ٱ㲻Ҫаʦ֣ǹˣҿ϶˶ٵۣ
ΫiȻֻɫѿ
ǲûˣֻɫƣҲ棿
⻰裬̨ɫɻĽպƽԽԽѿɫһûʲô⿪ڣ٣輰ڡ
˼˵ΫiԣڲҪ˵̫ԣϾƽ̻λƽ̲ס
ҲʮϣǸǸǵӳ״ַƭƽ̲ųΪӣƽôʶ˲壬Ȼɫưԣ
պ˰üģֻͷۡ
˶û·ҪƽʲôǵţѵԼܿס
֮£Ȼϵãⷽ治֪ɶٱҲ֮ǰᱦˣֵõ˶ƣҪƨɡ
뵽⣬պ뵽ǱǸ˭ģոôһǺʱʧ١
ȴ
и߸ӳţ˴Ϊս켫ƽҪƽ̵ô˵˵ȥ͸ƽ̷˺೤ϣƽ̶ò
һ䣬ȫȻڶսϡ
ǿ߶սʵһ棬Ҳһ棬ΫiԳָһȣһʼûǰ֮ģϷٳֱɱȫȻҪĴ򷨣ʵȴûл̨֮һˣѹŴ˼ʮУ϶˺ۡ
ٷ·һ㣬սʼǰһԲȴЦ⣬һأһЦҺͽͷǵ£ʲôҲᲢۣ켫ͷǲǺܺһ֮ܵɣȴЩʧء
ĽüֻܿӰ
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Ϋiҧŭ𼸺籡
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˽£˭ܿ۵׵ãɼ仰˵Ŀˡ
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֣޵֮ˣҪô󡣡
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Ҫʵˣ˶˴ȶ֪ܾܲȻ֣ΫiɲͬھֻкˣǶ˼ֱ
ټЦôʦ־ұߣѲϣʦɲаôӮң
Ϋi̲סһв
Ŵڵĺĵӡϵݸ߹ȻҲ˭û»ҲֻǰӣҲ治֣սͬھ
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츳˵ãƱ磬ǺޱȣΫiϱҪǽӵòãֻ»Ӱ֮ʹá
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ŵϵ΢ĩ;ţڵӣҲͷһˡ
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ȴû˵ֻ΢Ц˽£켫ƽ鷳ƽ̴뿪˴صפأѪ֮ϢҪѪˣΪϣƽԮ֡
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յפأٻһܣˣԱ˿ѪȻص£һֵƽһ߻˿˸ֻûдŵرòˣ֪ӸˣŶȻŵرãҲԣƽ̲õĵӣˡ
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պȻΪ뿪ڳ䡣
ɲڳפ˷ɿ챼һѷס١
ʦܡ
ɫ԰ףްüЩУסִ֮һۣҲɫ԰ףǻѪ˲ˣͳһŵٵĿУƽֹûü

ġݡ
ܹôŵҩĺöٵֲûҩҽΣ˶໨ʱˣܼ⣬ֱӸˣ
ƽɫվûпڣֻҧˣȻ˱úţĪﰭۣ
һۣûлشֻŷߣ޷һв굤ҩܸս
׷һֱҪսһˡ
жлʦ֡켫ƽ̣ƺЩؿڣֻطķ˲ʯ֪ǷһЩ
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ƽ̣ҾĬĬţʲôע⵽ϸʮֲ
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켫ƽڹ鱦ǰվһвӵ͵͵ʧԭء
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˵䣬ɻûڣоһǿעԼʶȥֻЩİ˫ۣʲôҲû˵ɹ⿴ȥ˵ˡ
Լ裬Ц˲٣Ҳƽʦæ뿪ɡ
ˡ
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֮ʱֵͦͦģЩһ
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Ƿʲô´½һ㣬棺ȻǸϴУҲôãʮ춼
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ٹʮַӦһЩ꣺ҲǵùôƫƫΪ޶󡣡
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ˬʣɿ˸Ʊֿٿڣ㻹ʲôĹ𣿲ĸλãûأߵҩ˵Щҩ겻ѿͨ飬ʳ֮ܰշûֵҩ
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ٶʱЩϧֻһ㣬ܴ׳Ϣˡ

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ٴӴ˫ۣϥһԵĽ΢΢˼ǣպҪ̽ĹһȥȽϺãؼʱ̿Էӡ֡
Ŀ΢ƣʦ֡
Ȼۣƽ
ٱЦ⣺֪һδ̽ؾӦвٻԵŴ֮ͬһȥɡ
΢٣ٵϣûͬ⣬΢΢ò̾ʦܣɽ磬ʵÿһԵЯһ𡣡
Ϊָôϴؾһ
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ǷټܾЩˡ
𰡣ʦ֣ˣؾ̽ձͼΪΣգȻҪ֮˲ŷģҲŰģʮŲͰȺۻơϣʦҲܾǿЯ֣δ˭̳ƽ֮λδ㲻֡
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ټӦҲڸ˾䣺Ҳᱣʦֵġ
ӶЦȻӵЦЩǿҲʧΪһѵܹĺó档
ֻЦڸ߽ƽԵøˡ
л˵
ƽ̣
ƽ̣ϱʲôҪҿһĻ


67 Եļ
ڵſվһ ȥ䵭սѽڣˣ ͬ
óƽ̵ɫ̫졣
Ҳʱ̼ ԱɿѽȬ Բսˡ
Ҳ ֻû˵
켫ƽ̱䣬 Ҳûʲô˵ ֻޱ汾
תȥ
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ǰЩʱս㿪ʼˣֻδ ƽ̾øҪ ׼ǲμӣҪȬ˵
Ȼףƽ̵ĵĿ϶ǺôֻǸġ
һߣ 켫ƽһĮȻ⼸Ÿʤ ʤ٣ ҪסΧУΪأ ѣ ŲȱԴ
ѯʣʤ٣Ƿǣ
Ȼ˳ۣ 켫ƽ̻ڴ˿Ƣ ɨ˷һۣ ͳǰ̫ͷˡ
˵жԣڲһ˫ҲǴС
ǰս鲻ܣѾòΣУְڵĵӣͷ˶ѵ˸ôѹʱ
ǰһֱŻжԵ״̬ڴϺƽҲı˴ԣֻͲǽѹˡ
켫ƽ˵⻰֮⣬콾Ǻ£ֻҪͷպڷɲڻ£ֻδЩ£ȴһѧʡ
ҷЩҲûʲôϵһжΪδ룬վҪ꣬ǳϦԼЩʱʤ٣Ҳŭ
һУԸȹԣƽ˵ҲֻǾδӶЩûôںپ֮ʱǰȻһһ㡣
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ݷڵģ˻Ϊʲô˵׾֣ݷͳսһѡڶ֡
ֵû֣ȻܳһαӣݺıѰһ
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⻰պֲܾԤУϾǰ˶´һ֣΢΢ͣ٣ŵʲô㣬
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ټ״ɴ࿴ߵͷȾЩ߿ʦ֣ܿЩ˲ͷСԸҲ֪ʵʲʦֻ֧𣿡
ԭֻǾĬ켫ƽҪݷǷ𷴻ܽܣôһ˵ʦϵίɫĿһܿɫǲʦܡ
ȻҲ켫ƽ̡

պῡϴ΢飬òЩҧгݵܺáǳˡ
첲ʱա
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պһۣôЩϾĻȫ޵˾͸һǰݷȷʵľӰ졣
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պһ˵ɣЩӣ֪ЩϺĽթôףõŲϷѩ˶ΪǺ۸ģǲעĿˡ
⻰÷Ŀżڴյ켫ƽߣĽ妵ɵս
һɵеýպƤˡ
˶ú
ǰ常ҲˣɵСӹˡ
Ҳ⣬̵ͷͣõĺõģ常ս𣿡
֪켫ƽͦǿ治жǿһԶսܣƽҲǰéϾӣһƽ̡ǿеǿߣսΪա
պףԶЩţսʤҲʤҡ
Ҳ˵ĿһԶսܡ
аһţơʮеǺ˵ʮ֮п϶ҲһϵõŰɣƽԳЩǰеƽѵҪ˵ǰ䣿ʲôôϵãպǵҲֿܷȲǣҾͲŸŶŴѹ
ͲһĹϵѹȻҲ£ǳֻ̬ѹžӶ࣬ģ׽켫ڵƽҲұ¶뷨
ĻպҲףĿǳɨ˷һۣ͵õ̱ڡű뱾ŽãǱʵͲǰéǱֳƣͬᱻΪж
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˵˾񣺡ƽȥ˵ţȥ˵ںڣֻҪԸվһӭж⡣
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ݷǲУϲҫܳ죬˭Ըηη
ȺУвٵϵӿٵĿⶼºһЩҪл
ٸֶЦݣɨЩʦʦϵһ˿ͷʾ⣬һʦƽ̵ȡ
ģԱ߷ʩ켫ƽ̲һȥ
쵰̬ƽ̻ƽ̣д
ٿԱߵĽҲ֮ɫĿͣһҲ÷ٶλã˵ĳ嶯͸ǿˡ
ƽ̾Ĭ죬ܲգ뿪
ûа죬ֻƽ͵ʦܾΪ֮һʦڡ
л˵
٣𣿳һʹλƽ̻ûܵģ켫ڳ
켫ƽ̣ޣ
һжʦܵġ
٣õʦ֡
٣ˣƽ̿ԳȥܣãһԶӮӮҾȫɽſӭ㣬ôǲǺӣ
켫ƽ̣սܣ˭˵Ӯˣ˶ţҴ
##
#˶ΪҺʦҪҪʵȻҪҪʦ#
#һô#


70 
ڶգ ֪ǲǰ̼ƽˣսʱûг֣ٵǺ⣬ ʮȻ˵˼λƽ̣ ʼʩ
ԭŵߣҪҲǽ ֻһɲţ λʦ־Ϳٵصͷ ָȨ
ÿƽ̲ڣ Ҫ߱ӵˡ
ϵʦʦǵãЩʦʦͲ̫ˣɷٵµĹ Աݻ ܲЩ΢ʣҲûиı
ֱӺǵ΢ʣսʼ֮ǰһʦʦǿҵעĿУʾҴߣ ſŽ񻹲֪̬ͥȣ Ժսʼ ͥȻǣǱ㽫ҪĿͥϡ
ͬ˵ĻҲȫԣ˵ Ҫͥƽôʶô ƴ ҲҪҧһ
΢΢ͷ ûѯʣ ֻ˵
ټûз˵ͥǣǱ㽫ĿΪڡ
˵Щ̲סˡ
ΪҪڣ
ָȨøǿķҲˣȴЩ֮ͥ⣬켫ڹϵǳġ
ٲδֻʻʦһۣĽ͵šڡȷʵгԹ޿ɺǣڴ侮ʯһλʦʦ㣬Ҳô룬ռ˵ĵж֮˸ӣҪҾȴּһʹˣԺȻû˸ռ켫ڵıˡ
һ͸ǿҵڳЩɫأĿҲࡣ
ԭλϯȻ̶̼ȵ𣬿ڲٵϵУֻƽΪ׼һĥʯ츳ٳվҪΪ£֣ܶδ˽Ǽɵ
ֱ˴Ŵ䣬ڵĵӣֵ˵ڣнӹָȨҲû˷Ҫֹľء
ô˵ôԺ
˶ȻҳˣҲԳˣٸԼǴУپȻѹ³ޣȴڣΪľɱӺ˵ʹˣ´ξû˸ռ켫ڵıˣΪҶ֪켫ڷͷһʹͶȡռߡ
˶˾޴ĸĹۡ
ǰѯʵλʦҲĬ֪ǲ޳뷨
ٽԲںֿû£Ȼ˿ûзʱҪȥǴڵӵΥʦʦҲ
˵˽յİţͣ٣Цͬ˵ʦ֣㵽Ǳӣ֮ף鷳ȥڽˡ
ĸżȻ켫ڣȻ켫ڵķʽϾһҪԵĿ켫ڡ
֮Σٵ뷨ǽվڵ֪ʲôʹ
ֻ˵仰󣬲ٵϵɫЩ죬û˿ڡ
ƽǸܿãҴȥǽ档
֪Ϊڰѿȫ֣Ƿ˵ָӣ˵ȥֻ»ᾪӡ
ֻǷϰ˱˸ʽĿ⣬ɫ죬Цڴʲôһãƽʺ׼ڵӳԣλʦʦʲôڱ˵ʦܳ˵ǰͷֻ飬ǵսϲ֮ҿҪġ
Ȼû˿ڡ
鵱ȻУ˭Ҳûλʦܲƽϲɵӣڲû磬ôڷļƻ֪ôвٵϵӶԷѼɵ
ȻʵȷʵˣȻſ񣬵ôϣҪ飬Ҳı⣬˵λʦֻʦ㣬˲ȣԼŵˣɱɱĳɺͳ
΢Цˣƺڵȴһ˳֣ԱߵĽʵ̲ס˸ۣĮȻˣʲôʱ䲻ˣЩʼˡ
֮ǰλʦʱڽǰʱȽ϶࣬ҲǼʶһǵġ񡯣ֻ·˵ʲôʦܶͬӶͬ˭û»Ҫ۲ݣûõʱ䡣
λʦܹϵɵӣҲµ֣񿴷ٻװȵ˷ųԴߴ١
ʦ˵ǡ
ɫȴʮǫ飬˷ƻһָĿڣƽ̳ǲǵϵҪɱˣ
ɱѪ˲
ɫδ䣬ȴͬ⡣
ʱҲˣգɱ䣬Կ
켫ڵӸ¶ɫǰ
սͨΪ󲿷֣һǸսսȻսĿǩǰգšڡڡڼŵӶǳ鵽˴˱ɴһʤԼõ켫ڵ˱֣൱ڼų켫ڡ
ϻų鵽սȻ켫ڵʵҲӦԣ˲١
ս֣ڻս˻ֵıᵽٱδжԴ䣬⼸һ𣬽켫ڰΧУһȥᱦ֣սȸսң켫ƽ˵Ӯǿ˵ʵϣ켫սûӮ
ֻһڽȻֹ
շٵȰ˵ЩЧͥ˳ǵУΪս켫ʮȻؽĿϡ
ս֮أսδʼٱЦգ켫ֻսڣʩԮ֣ҵҲ߲ܣԼ˼
仰˵šںͼġ
⼸ŻЩмһˣŸսĿʼ˺ܿ췢ˡ
һҹ֮䣬ͥͻȻ˳ˣǿ˻㣬ĸԭûвֵžȻ֮⣬Ȼû֮ǰôԣҲԲΪ֮
Ҫ켫ڡ
켫ڵ˺ͷһһϳͼط򷨷ޱȣ̶̰ʱѾʮλˣ⻹ֻǸս
Ҳвˣֻûˡ
ƺ˴˿̣˲ŷַ˵ľȻģ켫ھȻأŰæҲܵ˲
ʱϵĹؼʱ̣Աοˣ
ںܿȴ֮ġ
Ҳʲôᶨѣһѣ羡뿪ԴСЩӢ˲ظ޷ܣǿͥѲͬһսߣڶڣ滹켫ǿţѻʯ
ڵɫڹϯǰ̧ͷ켫ڵķ򣬱㿴һ˫ܾϯǰǳž޲µİû˿¶һ߷ȴЦݣҲų̂ϣֻȡһ໨ߣʮеݲ衣
ǰɱѪɣλϯȴϯ䣬Ϊߵտ˱裬ǿעӣٶ豭ڵķңңһЦ񾲣ɿУȴ·һֻ˶ɵĶޱȵ
һ˲׹գھǶߵǵѪʳ˲ɱӺġˡ
ս룬Ѵʮ
ƽ̸ڹ̨ϣһ̶û˿ֻн¶λǿЩ
ʲôҲû˵ܵأȻһо˵µĵ䡣
ٺͽսû³ŵʵڱͱȲ켫ڣοԵѹȣֲͽ֣޷ڸǡ
ǰ޶켫ڵë޶ˬȴһʱȴû켫ǿ
Ӵﵽʮʱڳˣ
ϯߵķٺͽƣ·һα紵Ŀľ
ڣս¶ս䡣
սȥҲƽѡ
̨ƽȻʲôҲû˵ֻɫȻ
Ҳƽǣ²豭վӹЦʦֲżսء
⻰Ķţ̺˼ȴв˱
켫ڵϯһ仰в֪̺˶˵Ц˴ݣ˸ӸܵëȻ֮⡣
µָҧãŵոսҲ䡣
£Ǹʤ㣬õˡ
ǿϧ
΢̾һȻЦֻսˡ
٣
伸ҧһڵأȻҪΣǱʲôԹҪиϾɱ֮£Ͳˣҧһ
ˣ
ʲôЦ£ȻΪǰλʦ֣ȴǹЦƾ㣿
ڣûʲôȴ͸⣺ǰգʦôϾɱ֮£˵ûҵȱ޳Թ侮ʯҪһôõ˺ôܲ˷˵ΪǲԱˣǣ
û˵Ĭ̬Ȼ˼
ٱЦгر߿Ȿûʲô֪ϯʹʲô𣿾侮ʯԭûгԹȴֹס̰һͷΪεˡ
գսڡһҪôжսǶ䣬ҲҵȽɱۣƽ˵ˣʲô£ţ㡭Ҳɱ
ЦݶȻа˵ޱз
ֻڹ̨ϵ켫ƽ˴ĿоĬޱ飬û˿¶
ҪԼԼᶪӣھͰ˶ѹȥ
˵˿ɱˣʲôʱ˵Ҫɱڵˣ˼ĵλ൱ڽɱ㲻Ŵˣ㳲Ŵս
˶Ƥһ常ᳶĻƤд
л˵
٣ֻˬʣµĽɵ԰ʦ֡
ţʦ˵Ķԡ
ƽ̣ޱ飬޶ݣ
ģˣˣˣ
#ϯߣ#


71 ƽ̺͸Чʵ
ƽޱ飬 ȴסŭջû˿ߡ
˵ڼҲ͵͵һۣδͶ Цݸ ɫȻʮʩʩȻ£ δͬ˵ ֻٱߵĽһ£ ЦȻɱȤ ȷַʤѪ׷ɼ仹λʦʦ㹲һ ¡
뽭ģ ֮ȴ˷
Լţһ켫Ŀ
Ĭãͳˣǿں۸ˣôҵͥ
켫ڵֹһź켫޳Թ ͥԭҲ޳Թ 켫ֻԼ ȴͥ䣬ɼҲӲġ
Ӵʦֻ뵽أ
Ҳ ϯϣ ˿ڸԼ֮⡣
һڲ裬 ƷЩζ Ƶʦ˵û ԰Ҿϲ۸ڣΣʦ˵ƾʦҲ˼ͥᲢۣЦҪеʦǰΪҲ֣𣿡
⻰ű䣬ʵ˵ڡ
ټɫ࣬Цһٱֶͥķ˾лᣬʦ۵һʱʦָСܡ
ͥĵλȥüĿƽ͡ǢºԲ֮еӣٵľٶδֳʲôرֻԿһۣȻ
Ҳں
ӲҪͥǿδľͥˣ޽վʵ˵ֻܹԼû»Ҫѧ˴硣
أ±вˮҲûٿڣʧȥȤ
ΧȴӼɵ
ӿſȴǡôͥ˿ɲΪԼһ̲Űˣû˻ỳɷǿӻٹһ㡣
ֻ켫ƽ̵ķӦЩ⡣
ʲôҲû˵켫оȻǷٳͷӽ
˶Ļò񼡣
֪λͷȴкк֮ƣֻ˸ҿ϶ƴ
Ŀ֮£ٺͽȴֻƽ裬ûй룬Ҳûй׽˷ֱ治û
ڽߵĽûкȲ裬ɨߣͽʦܣͷСͷʦ޷𣿡
֪Щ飬Ȼٲ˳ۣ˽ã˱Ĵһƽһ潻õĻȴǴԽԾ֮ǰ־󣬱Ȼģ
ΪȴЩˡ
Įʵʵùڶ塣
һʶ۷٣ȴֻü΢䣬˾ٱʱֹȻ
ɵʦܣ졢ʦ˼ܣ˵ҲСֲǡ
д㣬ʦֲ񡣡
ȻĮ
˵ͷѯʣֻ̲סһۣԭôͻȻôĬûλʦ飬ξ״˿ͬһ˼
˼⣬ֲѯʣֻýѹĵף˼
ս˳µĶս㲻ôգȻҲôֿͷ
Ծֲϳķں볡˲󣬾ͳԱߵϻ˯òԶԡ
ֱսս
һӾ;Ѹߥ޽ͼλϵʦʦȥŵͷӡ
ɻʲô
ö˶˵Ҫȥŵӣ
ȻռԴˡ
Ȼʦ֣ڣսֽѵڣֻҪһŴˣʣµĶ˷ָں֮ͥ⣬šڡһҲ͵ֲ֮ǰʧˡ
˵ƶ·֮
üͷ𣺡ȻϣһζĸŻЩǿ֮ǰֻڲ𣿡
һʼöԴ̫ݣݺݵţһεĸȴûֻһš
ҲǺģǻƽ̣Ӽ
ȻУԸɱӺⲢűҲʹԹɫ
ֻвԵűϾƴӡ
ѵ˵˾ﻰ
üͷ΢壬΢΢˼ȻĿѯʽʦ֣أ
һֱھδ죬ѯҲֻƽʦܾΪ֮һսѡ
⻰ûʲô̫ȴ޶ЩѪ
Ͼӣ˭ݺݷǽҲһۣЩֹ
ȴͷȻЦȻʦҲд⣬Ǳԥ֮ǰ̫ΣһҪȡһЩԴδʦʦõԴҪԼЩˡ΢΢ʦȥŽ棬ΪΪԴȫʱһ룬һƽ֡ȥ档
ʵǣڲ㶫ǴٹϣöţɴεԴҲˣ㵱λƽ̶֧֣ƽҲܾϾѾԼԭ򣬲ᣬЩҲνˡ
λƽ̵ġ㡯̬мְգٹ֮ǰ˵ΪֹĻԵû˵˲ͬûôิϵȫȻٹƿأλƽ̵Ļɡ
ʺ޶ëˡ
΢΢һЦЩ˵˵ֹڣܶһڣҲˣøҲ¡
˶ûô仰˼ֻĿһ
ںôڽУŷٲẦҲẦ켫ڡ
˵ûе飬ýȥŵڣͦس̨ȥ
ڹ̨ϾĬ켫ƽ̺΢΢һ٣һⷽ߾ֲԤӿͷ
Ҫ漰뿪Ѿˡ
켫ƽ̻ٶ꣬һξһСձĸо
ۼһֱϹ̨պ΢򣬰⣬ڵΡ
һֻͷûȥǿ£ޱ鿴ǰգ˿ߡ
˶Խƽ̣һҲδ࿴ߣڶͬǰ˸Ρ
ǰֻ˶òײ켫ƽȴȻһĳ嶯
ϵı飬ŵĮƽǱ߿һۡ
ƽǰΧ໢񡢼ѹ⣬ЦŹ񣺡ݼƽ̡
ƽȴʮֲͶĮڵսҵ֮Դҡ
ƽ΢΢һ㶣ͬǴǣ
ʵĲҪʣֻ㣬켫ҪţԼúƷպ֮Σδһ
⻰˵ڣƽҲԺŰɡ
ԤϵۣЩڷϣŵӷҲ޷һӣЩӶԱҲ㲻ʲôˣǷҪó֮ȥһ£ֻȥλٹҪһ
ЩС£ƽûйԥܿû⡣
ϣȴȻֻǷ΢Ц֣ƽĮȻ΢΢ͷģ
ɻ󲻽⡢̽ĿУʲôҲû˵ֻǰһ񣬱ܿ£ͷԡ
в֮ǰĴţ˵켫ڵķٹڵӣֻ²ǹڵӣǵõƽ̵ۡ
ʱ˿ޱ켫ƽ̣жϷʡ
켫ڵĵƽ̼·պʱĿбӣʵں˾֮֮ǰֳϯӹϵпɡ
λ켫ƽ̿ûʲôɫֻŭǳ
˲²׷ףֻ˭Ҳ֪ƽΪλͻȻԷۡ
ʲôҲû˵ҲûȥѰ常Ļһ·߻ӪС
һͽҲ
Ӳڣ΢򣬵Σҿûȥڽ̸
پȥ̨ϼ˸һ仰û˵֪ǰ˵ڽ̸Ǻ⡣
ȴǳɨһۣЦʦֲصǣѾ˵ˣ⣬ƽ̴ӦңڵԴøǣֻҪôʦֻȥˣǵðҺƽ˵˵ôҲֵһرɣˡ
ƿ˺һŵͬЦ
ʦ˵ЦˣʱͬʦЦ
㷽˵ġ˵ڰԴøʲô˼
ֱԼġ
ڿʮشõţʵԿԾǰ֮У˼ƾʲôձˣԼ͸㣿
Ȼ˼
ٵı鿴Щ˹ʦֲؾȣֻǱȽƽѣ˵ƽˣ˾̫ظ飬㲻ãڣƽֻµҪΪҵ켫ڣʶʦʦãʵ᲻Ȼ
װģһ̾һۣŵʦּǵðҰ⻰ظƽһֲʵƽ̶ҵĺ񰮣ʦǵ꣬δȥãƽ̻ºƽ̿սɣ
죬Զԡ
֪Ҫ˵ʲôá
Ȼܾ⻰ƣ⼸Ǽ˲ٷ£ȷʵޱȣ˵ƽ̵ۣȷʵطҪ켫ڣϾҲϵ
Ҫ˵Ǹظ顢Ըº͡ذʦʦãʦʦ㡢жƽ̺񰮵ĵӡҲš
죬Ҳ֪ôشֻءһҲ֪׼׼⻰ظ켫ƽ
ٲںһͨţһɨ̬֮ɫˣսλҺ᳡ڡ
֮ǰ˵ЩеûģξȻûһ¶ɫĬͽ᳡÷ǰ˰ͳŵζ
ʮڣʼʱһ𣬴ֵĸŵرʯȵ߲᳡ȴھ
šڡڡڻû㷢Щԡ
ͥһ뿪ʮѸ٣˲̬ȣȴʰΧ֮ƳΧرڣһŲ֪ô£ޣͷĵֱӴڵߵ켫ߣ켫ڵˣֻԷٹֵϯ
˽ӹ𣺡ӣƽǣƾӷԸ
΢ֻһ˲ͷӦ
ƽ̲ܻѿȥ˵ЩϸǰԼĲ룬ЩӲϵĿֱӸȵϵӣٹͳϵᣬڵжٹľº;ηΣЩϵӶܵԲЧ
ԸǮ֣ҲԸգٶλƽ̵ƢǳϲϲɵǮࡢ뷨ǿߣֱ
˼һٴǵЦˣΧĿ⣬΢̧°ͣʾǿ켸ڣҿǣΣ
λΪͲ͵ڵɫڣգšڡڡڣһҲ뿪˴
Ϊϵŵӣʸ˵仰
⻰£ó̬ȣⳡսȫŶսڵӣҽ꣡
һϢеڵɢӡ֣һݺύĹĸŰС
һֻڶ̶һ˲ûӦĸŵĵӾѳ֮
˺һȷӦ߶죡ǲв
ԴսǾƽʱɱȥ͵Ϯ
Ҳһ£û뵽ƽô㣬ŵЧʾȻôߡ
Ŀ΢˸һЦºͣ˼ϢŹܺãǱ㽻ˡ
ͷѸʹ˸ɫתߣ
Ÿʲôȥˡ
л˵
٣Ҿһ˵ƽ棬ҵԺΪµһ󽫡
켫ƽ̣ǣЦ
#ƽ̣Чʵĵ#
#ڣһ˵ɾ͸ɣ˵ڶֵ#
٣ҵģҵģҵģ


72 ĪǸ
šڡڡڱڵµԶ ٹһʱǳˣϹŴ
һӾᡣ
ͥѾ뿪 ֱ֮ǰ ٴЦŵʦʦû뵽ڵʦô飬Щ˼ λʦʦ㣬 ֮ǰķֻҪһ¡
֮ǰǿǵҪһס⼸ŵˣ ҪǶ֣ ƽ޹ʵģȻԸٷһǣѣ ҲֻѰˣ иϵȫһ
˵⻰Գֲ˼˭֪Բȥ
ںŵӶһۣ뿪ڣڵЦû⣬ ҵֻȡݶɣ 켫ǰЩ񲻶࣬ ʣµģͶʦܰɡ
̸жллʦ֣Ǹˡ
΢΢һЦ ЦºֺͰ
˰켫ڵĵӽ
޵Ĺ֮ һĪ⣬ ƽºͲҲˣ ʲôʱô˵ˣ
ڵӼ˺ܿҲҵҲֻȡзݶ ʣµıʦܰɣֲ켫֮ǰˡ
ڴˣǲ׼Ҫݶˣȫ켫ڵ˼ˬȣǿŽˣɵҲ֪ôˣΪµ켫ںͷ٣˹ϵֻʧǡ
ۼʦʦǶˬƣٴζݵλ꣬Сģɨӭλۡ
˽ЦӦʣҲû˭˿̻ˣһһ𣬰켫䣬ſطֿ
һߣϵĶĿ±Į
̷ֿж˵سͥûеˣҾߣҪʮɣ
ЩԥһϢʣͥأ
򣬴򲻹ȱ
ٹһ˿΢Цʻʦ֣ʮºͣʦֱһͥ˴ֻȡһɣһҾ֣ұˣνʮŵһ˵˵ѣ˰ɣ
ЦȻˡ
켫ڵӿĿⶼʮأû˳ԷԣڳĬ֮뿪
ԭҪСһźûʲôˣȻǷֿ졣
ԼҲ뿪ûкͽһж
ɫţʸţֻһ֮ĵĲӡ
һ֪ʲôطбϢ̾ߣٶʮֿ죬̱һ
ͬʱ˼ʶͬٹ̸
Ҿһȥ̳ƽ֮λˡ
Щʦʦӣϰָˣƽôģ
ٹҲֻЦƽ̻׳أֲ̳ƽ֮λ
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73 ܸ˵
ٴ켫ڵӾع һ۱㿴ԼƽɫƺЩǹ֮󣬽պһۿľȻǽ 
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ͷһۣ Щʲôͷߵǰ棬Сʦܲصģһڡ
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Լ˵в䣬ƽ̵˼֣ȴǱ粵СĻû֪ǸʲôͻͿλãȴװһѵܹģ
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켫ƽҲ˲øɸ֣˶㶼˺ȳˣʲô߾֮ʲôֺ˵Ļ켫ǽһ츳ĵӣѵҪڻҵã
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Ŀʮ棬ûа켫ƽ̣һһ䶼Ϊ֣أҲδ˵Ҫƽ֮λڷʦܣӮȻҼλӮλкβɣѵҪһ֮
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켫ƽ̡ˢһվŭɫѲɵ͡
֪֪˵ʲôһ֮ûҽϣû켫ڣѰӱдѹλϡ̫ϳҲ޲ɣŴ߾֮ƽ֮λ˶ǬλýϵϵһԴЩΪźɨȱԴҶӣھͽѹУó
ɫţĬȻ
˱㡣
΢΢򴽣Щꡣ
ʵ켫ƽ̺˵öе
µĽǶƽȷʵûôѹǵϵһǿҲһͬʣЩ˼ȸϵϵҲ޿ɺǣƽ֮λԼҵĻҵԼ̳ûʲô˵ǲֹ֮˵ף켫Ҳǽ洴
뷨ܼ򵥡
һеƾ¡
콾š
ϻ۶꣬һƽ̾Ĩɱߴѹ˭λȻǿһǲ߾÷߿һã߾֮µӸӷͼǿҲǺ¡
Ҫǣŷ٣ЩӵദУ޾ϸŷٲǵȱ塢ݶСˡ
ƽ̣Դ˺һͬʣˣΣ
Ӯߣʤ֮
켫ڷһ¡
ƽֻ˵ĽǶȲͬؼһ㣬˶Դٵʶͬ
ҲǷδ뵱ƽ̵谭
Ҫôǿ˿ɵУѹˣ̤ƽ֮λҪôˣ켫ڴ󲿷ˡһܵƽ֮λ
ԷٵԸ˵Ȼڵһ̳ƽ֮λ´󼪣ҪţҪеŵΣҲϣȻӳֻΪ˿ɵУһŻ𽥷ֱ
Ҫܵл̫Զǿߺࣿ켫Ҳ֪жٱչص̫ϳϣƽһμ꣬ǿԪȴֹЩ
ˣǶԽϸϾɱ˵ҲһҪء
Դ˸ҲһȽϺõĽʽͰǰ
磬ƽ¡
ƽ̵׶ӻǸɶӵƽ֮λƽ̵׶Ӻͷ˭ƽ֮λҪ̫ࡣ
Ͼƽ̵ĸɶô˵Ҳƽ̵Ķӣ׶ӹϵĪ͸ˡ
ΪҪɱĵطҲݺı˲ȣܳɾʹҵ
ֻôһ˲ԺѾ˼ࡣ
΢ܿ飬ʹԼЦݸ͡
һƬУ͵ʵƽ̲̫ǣϯ˵ƽ̴ӣȻѵ⣬ӲάҲʮ𾴡ҺϯСûиĸҲûʲôˣܰƽ̺ͷϥ£֮
켫ƽԭŭӯȻù
ɨ۸ϵݣüͷƺڴˣʲôУûĶӡ
ҲĮֻȻƽǿߣҵȸʲ𣬵ҺϯУȷʵ˿ƽ̡ϯӱЩ˵ȴӡƽ̡ƽ̷ˣǿĸֳһ㡣֮ǰ˵˰ϯȥ˺þãλƽ̶Щͷˣϯȴܿģ˵δˣҲ֪˶һˣŸհݷá
˵ˣ𿴼ƽ̷¶һĨЦݣ΢΢ͷ
켫ƽȻüͷϵ˴룬ı鿴ȥ˵Υ͸Уƺǻ˶˽»ô˵ɼ˵µӣü΢ѹ׻˾䣺棿
νֲЦݣƽǿߣҲ˵ر˻ƽﳣŭӯ졢Щ޿κεĵӡ
׶ԷٻԹȸش𣬱һ䣬˶õãĶ˭ܵ𣿡
ǡ
ȻһЦһƬɫȴЦԣʵҺϯԸƽ̺Ϊǵ˺һ˺ͺģ໥òˡ
л˵
#ϯ#
##
#మһ#
#Եֲ˹#
#ƽ֮ںΪα˵#


75 ʵձڸ
Цʵ ⻰룬ڷٶԣӺƽֵ֮ԽԽã ֺαسȰ ͹ϵ
ô˵ƽΪǿߣ ҲСǰ˲Ȼŭƿڴˡ
鲻䣬 £ ŲԼǱߣ 뿴ǰˣ
΢΢̾Ϣͬӵ˵ӣ Ҳƽ̵ˣ ǹ㣬ֺα˵ô˵ĻҩڡҪΪϯƽ֣ĻϯҲѹġ
˿̾һ֮Ϊѵˡ
ĹϵɫЩ ͵ʹá
ƽִƫ ҲԼĸ ֻǷŸͷٰƽһ£֪ΪΣܾЩֿ
Ӧ ֿŤͷȥƽ̣ ҲºȰƽ̴ˣ ǻᣬ ʲôµĵط ƽ̴˺
˵ˣ켫ƽٲģԵûȡ
Ƴһۣƽƺӱǻۡ
š
ĮءšһȻûпֻǶԼӡ
ƽ̷˼״ЦֱۣˣˣӼƽϣ
պЩƣҲûӼƽϣҹ
⻰ȻǾ
ƽ̷Ҳûϣֻ۸ͽºͣԼ˾һۣ˵Щˣ㳢ƵĻ衣
ð
Ц绨Ȼͷ
ƽ̷˱˻˶һ
˵Ĳˮһڣ޵ĲõģԵĵطûȹôúȵĲء
Ȼ
ƽ̷˻ûڣƽ̱ĮȻҫ˵Ĳ˱һ˭ܺȵСȻˡ
⻰Щ̣ɸȴû˿ػ˼ȻЦӯ棺ʮҡ
̬Ȼı䣬켫ƽ˵ı󣬷·һȭ޻ϡ
ԼӵĺջˮջˮͻȻһ鿪ʼάζЩ죬ƽ̱ܵ
ںСΣ֮ǰȴûԼһֻ־Сߡ
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Щŭɺƽ̷˵ĸȴһֱܺãȺʱܻעԼĶӼ֣ƽ̷ʱƽ̵Ŀȴƽ̷ϡ
Ĭһδ˵ɼ֮ȻвСĸҡ
һۣҲ¡
뿪ƽ̷˵Ժӣ˻Ŵϣһǰ
΢Ĭ
Ŀǰֻͬ˵
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仰ԡǡͷɼڸУͷٱΪһ壬۷ʲôҲֿ
񾲲գжͷʦܵ滺Щͬʱȴһɬͷ
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иԣ֪Լʹ໹ģһγԵϲ֮С
Ǹ𿴵һ˲ЩɻԺϵͳʲô˼ϵͳ˵ʲôԾĻ𣿡
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ȷǿģ
ȻҲ㾫ͨ˵ȻϵͳǿЩĹ۲һ½ı飬ôλҲĵӣΪԼֵܽЩܡ
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ϵͳĪίֻ츨ϵͳϲôӵĸҲܹҰ
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ӣҲ֪ǲǻ֮ǰǼ£ˣϯֻҾ㣬ǿϲúĺ𣿡
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УĿϣɽȴĪ뵽Լĳѹ֡˵֮ĿЩҵش£ҲЩ
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峺濴۵׵ӳģý޴֮С
ûͷûйһ˿õãֻǵ漰ΣղѶΪ֮ԥ𣬵֮󣬾縶˵һжԣΪΣ㾡ֲͺá

ʦѵѣܿ˿ڣʵҲ֡
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ָģ˿ǿԼƿߣƽȵһᴦõģ㲻õģͷʦȻõѣʲôҪѶұɡ
е˼ƺʱҲˡ
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ƽ̶ˣѵҪܸɵ
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˼ˣɫ˼֣ȻȻͷûӵ˼ֱץסֱۣͣĽŲ˺ú˵һ˵

ĻŸո˸ͷȻͬһ㣬ʶ˦ƣֱ𾪲￴ѹİЩŵҡҲ˼𡭡
𴽽һһ񾲵ѵֳ˼ί֮ɫԼƣʹʮֵ䣺ˣӡվҺϯĸ磬ԸƽҲ֮飬Ǹ֮ǰô˵
Щʣ۽ǣתѸܿ
ǵģ𣡡
һ˲Ӧ׷ȴӰһ˲Ϊʵ׷ɣֻôһ˲ʵɢ֮Ӱʧǰֱܷ档
ţãϵĻŨƺ뵽ʲôȻԭ·ء
Сƽ̷СԺ
ˣ켫ƽɫ㻺¶֮ɫѵúԼķ˶ĥ䡣
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ĸףҳˡ
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ĬƬ̣𣺡ǲϲ𣿡
Ȼ̧ͷȴǷûС
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켫ӣϲˣ㲻ϲƽ֮λ߾֮ʦԼûѵܹ㣿
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ӵĮȻһۣŵ˵ˣûУֻѣҵĸ֮£ƽӼAġ
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λǿߵ˽ûЩžĻС
СԺ⣬ĿЩãȻĿĵѭСߣոոЦŶ˵ģ
ģ˲һԵ̾壬ֱǸͷġ
ӿ˻壬̧ͷ峺һƬա
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#ٹԱ#
#ʲôһ˹һװ#


76 ίͰ
̼һͷ Ѱһλָ㣬պŴ켫뿪
û̻׻ڣϾֵ̣ ɢҲûôġ
켫ɽɽУ Ѱһ֮أ˸ªĶ 沼󷨣 ڣ ڸʯϥ
һƬžʶ
ǳ ˵ɣ֪϶ü˵ֲǸˣô꣬ǣ Ȼ֮ǰˣ ôҲ꣬ܲ΢һЩһЩûѧʶݰԼҲŶʮ꣬Ҳʮ𣿡
Ǵٹú˵˵ ζҪ ϾôȥҲǸ¡
˵֮ ʶȻһƬžӦ
Ҳ꣬û˵ Ҫ㵽ʲôɣĹȥȥǲûˣ ˵ ʱúܣ ûʱ˷ѣ ȥš
ĿƽעǰʯڣһһٵʮҪǻشҾĬ㲻ȥĹˡ
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˸ۣ˰üģε硢үڣ㶼ˣСһŤŤ֮ʲôѵҪϸ˵Ǻ£˵úҸһҺ㣬֮ûκθ𣬺𣿡
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Ϊ㸶࣬ȴңǡ塯ʲô
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Сһú÷ʡʡԼǲ̫ˣıһҲ㡣
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仰û˵ãֺߵҪװˣбװһҾͲи𡣡
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仰ͳĪί
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˰죬ɫҹĻʱ߳ª󷨣˼ʯͷ֮ڲ̤ȥ֮·
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Ͼٹڲ˵λֻǲ֤ѡ
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ĮȻħ顯ͲĶȡԼĶ˭飿
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͸һָ߸ϡĮȻÿһ߶ԵõһʶӡǣʶӡǿԻģɢǧ֮һϣڵʱݣԴδɣⶫʲôѪġ˵ҪʵˣΪֻбܴ裬δɣƽ˵壬Ҳ㡣
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סͷھǸӶ԰ɣһںϣ̾޵Сȭ켫ƽ̣ɨʮţ԰ɣ
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ô˵Ҫһ̣Щӣ˵Ҳδ֮ܶûôףûĻˣνʮţǰʢʱҲ
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ٹ
ˣһʱ֮Ҳû뷨˼ά
ȴʣҪú켫ƽ̲в⣬ҲԻ游ϣٸߵ㣬棬ڶУ㿴Ҹٹô

Ȼ֪СһһûûƤⷬٹĬá
죬Щҧ㡢ٽб常ɵ游ڡ֮ĳƺ֮һ㡣
˵˵˱
ҲջһƲһƣҪʲôûд²ҲУҲɵʦʦҲС
죡
ٹʵǶ޼ɵĻ޷˵üͷһҴһЩֵĳƺıԵһҲҪ
ȷʵЩգ㬱졣
ЩίСֹռϯı˻Ը㵱иڣ˼켫ƽһ常࿪ġ
ֹٹ׻ˡ
ʶУ΢ֻԺиõҡžһˡ
л˵
ƽ̣ġ㿴ĵ
ٹҲ˵ڣллٸҽҡɵҸ˵һŪ㡣
˵˼Ѳ£ȻǴ¿֡


77 Ȱʦ
еͼҵߣ ·ʽǰԵǹİҵ ƿаݺıôûûƤģ ٹҲֻһ
ƫСһԼûʲôףֹšɵ常ȵȴʻ㣬 ٹԺһۡ
ڸܿ£ ƺ֮Ժ ڵ ˵ҪҪһʦʦʲôģΪٹϷḻ
òײپƺٹҲڴһʲôĪʦܲ͹ˣ
ĪʦǷٵľߣ ߲ͬһϵ 밡ħôǿ󣬵ϵ϶֧Եλݸ߹ Ҳ˼ȥڴ磬 һʦʦʲôģ װߵŮȥҪôͺ˵ˣƽܲòɣ
˵׻Ϊ˴硣
ٹ²ν ֻҪڻɵУ ֻǳ㣬 С±ע
ã ˵ѡ˭أ
εѡһʦã ҪĻҪݼһɷĵưУƽʱӳ
ѡ̫ңĪʦѶˡ
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Ц̧ͷͦأ Ҫţ ߵŮͣνЧ̬Ⱦʹߵ̬ȣ ηη ƽһ˲ῴߣһ֮ˣԵҶᰲźãֻҪ˵ʲôµġ
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79 ԭ
֮ʱ˷ˡ࡯ ԭһЩλ½ʦ϶Ҫ·ֻҪһЩ ͽӭ֮һ㣬 øЩ
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ٹֻ֮ǰԼ˵ġ
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۾룬ȡһ̺ӵ÷ͷ£ȻóһŸϡ
һУվ
Զռ䣬ֳ¥̨ãЩΪһĨ졣
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٣ңҶ죬ˡ֣ԥԥģûҶȣϴ˵˵ѣ㾹ȻļȣҼסˣ
ٹֻûü֡
٣ҲܣǼȣҼסˣ
ٹ
#ֳԩ#
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ƽ̣ûɱûǺʦܣ͸ͱˣҿ˼һס
ҲܣɱʦܣҪŪȫңԺû˸ɱʦܡ
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ԼҾſڣһɱһ
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82 Ҫ
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ȻһһӦʡ
źһУ ɻԼľٸ󣬿ʼ
ɫǵĽʦ뿪 ԼϱĿ ʱʶеĳλԻ
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ٹ
˵׻Ǻһ䣺ûУѾ׼ˡ
ֻ켫ƽɸϵûгȣ ǷٵʱԼѡ񡪡ڸ֪켫ƽ̵Ϣͷƿ塣
ٹԾԼѾʮˣ ûСһһΣջҪȥ赲
ıڷȴʮֲ԰ףϯȻɫǳҲܣȣҼסˡ

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˼Եãҳü˼ʮԡ
ҲزѧָеϹǰ
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һټ˵ȥĹ·ܵˣ㻹ȣⲻҸյıꣿҿΪ˸ȥġ
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ٹȻһ㣬ȷʵԨʲôⶼҵ𰸡
˼صͷ૵Ȼ츳ڰ

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켫ƽ֮ǰ˵ַܾ֮켫Ѿȫ濪ս׼⻰ʵﻹǺܷŭģϾҪɱΨһĶӣ֮٣ҲֻΪǣ̫󣬶ҽδѹзŭ
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һһƬž೤ϡ߲㣬ǿŭĴҲʮֲ졣
Ψ켫ƽͳѾ˵ˣⲻܣ֪ѾǺˣ¸ѭ¡
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Ȼһãİұȥţ֮սŵӣսһղұһղˣֱһΪֹ

켫ƽҧ֪Լ˵ʲôս㲻Ǻµĵˣʮ½Կɳӣסƽ̣ʹأһȥսʮµӣвҲǳ¡
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ûʲô׳֮УֻһƬĻɬ
켫ƽʵڲִ֪ӣĬ죬ڣȥ
ֻһۣתߡ
켫ƽȴңұѳš

켫ƽʵ޷ԼĶӣַɿ쳯̷ԱߵشӴȥѷ̧
Ҳֻǻ˶סˣٴӣȻƽ̺ܲ˵ʵͻ̫࣬ȻѡӲӲķʽ
شЩסһ²ѸٴӲߵųȥ
켫ƽ̳ʱ䰲ӣһŷȣֲһΪͬųͷ뷨Ҳͼ֮һУʦܣҲ𣿡
ʵǲѣҪó˵ȰԼĶӡ
ƫܱٵִ
ͣ˽Ųͷƽ̣ȴһƶʲôڱ뽻һ
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⻰û˵ڣƽ̼ȻȻҲӣüЩ԰׵ɫ¶һЦ
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Ϊƽ˰˰ӹ£ֿ켫ƽЩɫ룬ʦʲôҲҲԸģ㽻ƽ̴ɣƽһһĽ
պ
Ҫǻô೤ڣǻ˶һơ
Ū˼ȫңܸʲôĽѵǱȥɱǳһҪ
ٴЦͽ侲ȴİĿ⣬켫ƽֻϻװƶţ˱콾ӱΪֱ̫һ
죬ŵͷʦ˺֮δнұȥ
˵Ҳ˵ķӦֻƽŷʦδΪأԺ±㲻ҪˣҷȥϢ
ŷٻ߳ֻһȺŸ߲㣬Щͷԡ
ƽ׵ĴĿ΢ͻȻԽպЦǸƣұҲˣڴʢ֮
պɫĮһۣʵûסȻˣϱԸΣ
ɫһ٣Щƽ˵Цˣʵ΢Ȼᡣ
ɱᣬھ;½취ȥǳһŪĻĶУŪ֮
պ俴һۣ˳Щ
ҲʲôֱʧС
ҪȥɱһǶб´ȥ
ɫ΢ۼƽʧϣһϽӲЦɢȥĿ̾һƽɷˣ࡭
԰¶üĿ飬Ŀº͵ؿˣ֪λܵ˴Σ
պҪȻҲҪġ
³ϽӦ
л˵
ƽ̣С˵ҪŪ˼ȫңǶˣϻֻȥŪ
ϣ಻аһĴȣ֪λ˭ԸΪƽЧ
ϣ
#ԩӴȾ#


83 ʲôҵ
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ѽ ҰͽȥԵм϶һһЩݣ ҵˡ
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ᡣ
ƽͣ ǳţ ҵȥɱˣֻƽ̣̫ϳϺԪǣˣҲ̫գΪ˼ðղֵã 䣬 ˡ
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ŷڴ£ɫ԰ףٴζʦܣ㰲ˣԵĲᣬ㣬ҡ
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Щ˼û£ϧǿžתƽ̲ϸң㶨Ȼܺܿ
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ɽȴƽٸߵȼĵҩվҪõģһ۹˹ѫ´θ㻻һţϣʱ㲻֮ˡ
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ڴ£׵ֱ壬ɨһܣûʲôȱ©ƽڵ½ңȴˣȥĹ
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뿪֮󣬷ٻ˿ۣͻȻЩǧѵҩŪ
ʶУٹЩ㲻һϲ޶ëôŵĺôҪ
㲻Ǿתẉ̂Ŵսʱƽ̻ǴΪǿ߻ָõģһžһţҪǳһţһԺŴսʱλǿûеҩ䣬ǣս֣ʲô飿
˵ûֱӹϵĿҲȽС漰ŵ̵ĶȻҪصġ
һžת˵ҲûôҪֻôһֶΡ
ô˵ٹЦѵ㾹ȻаëƵʱ򡣡
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ĳڹάһ䣬𣺡ҪеĻҼ£һŸ켫ƽ̡
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ٱҲЩӣ룬ƽΪͻȻôǲǽʦ˵ʲô
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򣿡
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طͨش֮أԽľȥʮ
ʦ̾ϢһЩȻĿ⿴һۡ
ʦ˵ƽ̵Ϊʱˡ
仰Ѵ˵һС
ݸӵ˵ʦҹѾ뿪ʦ뿪֮ƽӦһʱ˵ƽ̳һ䡮̫Ȼȥڡ
ʮֳʵ֪Ķ˷١
ûȥ̼ƽ̣ȻƽԼ̼ˣúõĶӣŪҪΪһȥʮĵطǡ̫
ֲԼŵƽһŭ֮ҹȥڡ
ɱ峤ϡ
ǰ͵ҩʦ˵֮뿪ֻ·ڴͷӷӿ
ٹһƬĬпڰοҲ̫жǽδؾΪ㣬ԼҲգɱӺպȥ㴦⣬⸴֮УһҲΪԼ

ҡҡͷһȴ¶Щɬ
ôŬȥ򣬻ʱȻطɡ
˿ͻȻԳһı飬̧ͷ򴲶ʮּᶨУҪʱˣһȥҪʱ䣬ҲҪȥѰһߵȼؾطٳأ˻֮һȥĹ
֮ɫɢתһƬ㣬ԼԼҲҪƽ̿룬һԼȥƽ̵ǲĳ죡
˵ûٹϥ붨̬쳣
ʶУٹ΢㶣죬ƺ˵ЩʲôֶסֻһƬžĳĬ

л˵
Ϊ˸
ٹҲ̫жֻǡ
٣֧⣬ҲҪ֧У˵ˣҪ
ٹ
#Զ֪ϯҵĴð#
#ٴα#


84 
Ϊ͵͵ȥ˺ٸΣ 붼û㶨˺ƵĿ꣬ڴ֮
ԭҪ࣬ ҹͣ ұŲ޶ײ޶뷨ѧһӣ ˵ĵ԰׵ƽ̵Ż ƤִǶŪһЩõҩ
켫ƽ̱ģ ԭͿٲ̫˳ۣ Ȼ֮ǰʱûʲôöҪˣ ֮ Ǵ룬Ҳ˵ĵҩ
ɷ˶ֱſ£л߶ʲôʦȥ˾ҲԴΪĿֻ꣬޲δ Ϊն Ըű裬 ûáơ
ſں˰죬켫ƽʵڶ ִԼ˽ȡһЩߵȼĵ ߡ
õ֮ǰ㲻飬 ̾ͻ˾ٸ չ
ԭҪõˣ ֻʮͷȬ
ʮ糿ɫŨٵĹŸոմƲ㣬Ϊ˼½âӳϱ㿴ϯ˷罣̤ţȥ
ʣܴܴ裬ҵ̫ñпɳ֮ʦҲȻճţطĲڣ
˵ȥͷ
ŵ𺳲ѣգӳϽж֮ɫȻǱˡ
оͰ˷ϤĪʦܡʦܡʦܡ½ʦõȵȡ
켫ڵ䣬ʮ֮ǰȥ˺ϯ˸պҲţģԼҲ׼ȥһʮĵط־ӶŬ˻ʲôʸ裿
һʱ䣬켫˶Է
Ÿ߲Ҳʮ𶯣켫ƽվӦУ뿪ķûʲô¶гϼˣЦȰƽ̣Сӹ֣Ҫһʶ
ָ֮ǰƽͥԺſ޶ë¡
һ̫˳۵켫ƽȴûѵ⣬ֻ̾˿Щӣֲǵһ֪ǸʲôģźֻЩпСǳ΢Щֻھˡ
֮־ܿ̿ڷܡ
һ˲Ҫ͹ˣҪȱ˿̿ٱҲѹһ·ҡϡ
ϵûôĸпֻЦ˵ǳ߹ҲûɾҲ˵
Ҳǡ
켫ƽ̵ͷĻҲеٴǿĲ츳ϣǸ߹Ҳģˣֻ˵и˵Եÿһ֮ߵ·޷̡
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һʲôҲûУ켫ƽȴƺ͸ռ䣬һɽšɽ֮ĳĮףĿһ˲
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ҲǸ֪עӣ ٹû˿ñĶȥҲȥĹˣھͿͬھ
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ƽ̾һȥĹ Ƿǰû뵽ģҲֻܽ
ƽͬȥΪĹ̫Σգ֪صС棬 Ѱûôߣ ȥҪ㣬֮ǰȥ Ҳʮĵط ҲûҪ档
ԷƽֱӰ͵Ĺſڵ鲢ûз
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ԽƬϱڲԫ ߣͳ켫ƽϴ̽λˡ
ȻٹѣҲҴ⣬ ߵطǳ
ǰĽ𽥴ӲƱ ƺһεһֲ̫ԡǳ͵̬Ĺ𽥸롣
ı߽磬Ȼûʲô赲 ȴȻȻֵֿ֮У ߽һ޻֮С
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ҲЦŵͷǱ֤ʦĲõңΣҶȻһʱ䴫Ѷ㣬ƽ̣ǷģһǴ
·Ҫȥ̽ףǴزһ
ƽ̱΢ӣ̰˰֣߿ߣۡ
ٱЦس˻֣ڽ΢תǰ
תϵЦȫȴֻʣһƬް纣
ʶУٹޱ侲
ΪѰĹӦҵ˼֮ŭһΣʧأұɱ㡣
侲ޱȵֻٹ˰üģεСһ̫ˣ뺦㣬õŵôôҶͷΣûôùûĵľвң˭ħ
Ҳܡ
һʮν̬һˣҪǸҶҴʲô⣬̻˯ѹȥλ˵óõ
²ᷢ
ٹҧ
꣬ݺϹʱĮȻ䣬һζһظԼẦţһǻϴû뵽һҲᷢٹϣǻ
ɶħһ졢ᡢһĺݲӡ
һûֻŮˡ
л˵
ٹҪ˵ٴΣû뺦㣡
٣˵׼ãҾ;㲻ˣô˧һ˧㻹㣿
ٹҧ
#֪ĻҲֻ#
#Ȼָ#


92 
ٹ˵װס֮ ٲżǰ̽
ǳعޱȣƽ̺ͽͣĵطֻвٹ˵ Ӧĵλã ħġ
ħǵħĶǣֻһ̡˵ĳǳأ вҲвСı仯 ٹеĲһ
ѭųнֵķ ã ſһ԰ɫʯɵĺΰЩƣֻǸƫܡ
⽨ĴѽԺڽ𽻲ɫԿ̶ɣ ⲿװԵݻſ ռغܹ㣬ǽԵˮ̶ɵͼ֮ǰ崫пЩٹ̤ڽµʬ
Բһ壬û˿ۼ·޴ޱȵĵһ壬 һ鱦ʯ Բͬʽɡ
Ѿֻ֮мĻԻͣ ٻЩ𺳵ˡ
ͷã
Ȼǡ
ٹȴĿҲûһ£ֻô᣿ⲻǷɵħǣ Ȼħ 
ô˵ ɷٻĪ𺳣һ龧ʯ̶ɵ𣿡
ʵ޷ôôһ龧ʯ ˵û Ҳû˵ⶼȵһЩСͳǳˡ
Ǳΰƶɣһ޴ޱȵ鱦Բһ壬ɱһ鱦ʯˣϧսʱˣƵģ濴ȥһ壬Ųơ
Ųƣ
ٴ˿̾ûһҲûڸԼĽֻ̾ãԺҳˣҲҪŪһŲƵ鱦
ʱóװXͺˬ
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ΰܶණҲٸ̡
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ڣƵƺֻΪħ̡֮
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ٹͬ˵ңԽа·ĵһϹŷĵͨ
ٰ˵ķȥ߱ʣǱ˯֮أ
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Ѹ΢ЦǻȰѺôҰɣںʧֱǿˣ
ЦĿʱһ¡
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ûаֻϰδѶѡ
ҿűʧܣü̳бġŲ
ٹоֹѾʮϤһڣ֪Сһмӡ
ԷҲװֱԹ⣬׼ʲôô
һֱ˵ô˵֪һѪ֮⣬֪ĵıﵽʲôĶ
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ٹմҵ˳򣬴Ϸʼμġ塢һ塢⼸λõıʯ
ٱЩѣΣѭ˵ıʯλá
޴鶸Ȼ𶯣˿űʯҫ۹âչγһɹͨеͨ
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ֻһ˲Ŀһ̣ѳһ޴С
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ƬͷĿյУ˸ǳͬһУƬڰ
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Ŵ죬Ƭ޿ռת˺üȦǸҵģ
Ȼٹϲûӣ˿Ž˵Ȼǡ
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ĵһˣĿԹЩ˸ġǡ˵ӡ
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ܿЩ֮ˣȻδÿһǳ󣬿ʵ̫ˡ
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ЩһɫĹȦеıﶼУڿռſһ
ǽƣħ峣洢ƣЩУʱֹͣ㿴Щܱ񣬷ʱ㹻︯ʴ
絤ҩϹʱĵҩ϶δûй౩¶ģҲʧҩԣЧá
ʮŵıⶼûУһָ߼ĴֶΣϾϹʱİҲ⣬ֻ׷ʣȻأ
ʲôԺ˵ھö
ʲôٹЦУԸ㣬ֻ꣬Լȥƣƶپö٣㱾ĺôΣ
˵ٸæȥԱһɫݣƬ̺ŭڲңôǿҶƿҪľ֣ǲǳĲҺô
ֻܿãбʹ£ٹֹȻûġ
˰˰üģ̾ԽԽˡ
˭ڲңٴһί
ڲˣԼƲƣֱкã˵νѾ㣬Ķ㣬óȥֻһȥʸ֮ġ
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΢΢侲룬ֻܴҵúúһ¡
Ժ˵ԺΪٸЩҪٹı⣬ʱȫ˴ߣСܴװȥ
ĬĬһ䣬Ѿô͵ҡˣٹ֪ԼѾҡ
ϯʼѡ
ûп׷ĵȼȫߵȵı׼ʦֺƽѡѡԼھϵģʺϵԶòϵıá
ٹһѡĹɣЦСһһΪ汻۾
ֵʮУѡʱֺܽɼСһﲢ֡ϲŭɫʵǸ˼֮ˡ
һѰһߺҪôˡ
˵⻰ʱƽ޲ɻе˼ȴٹЦ
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һ˶ֻٱ侲˵ȤΪݡϣȤԴˡ
֮䲢ԵȣԲŻȻ̬ͬ
ãٰԼҪͽõõһãѡƽ̵ġزʱѡ
ƽ̵ΪǺҲ̫˽Ҫʲôı룬ֻٹƽ̻ϲʲô
ٹδעѡıϸһŷһǸõģôʣ΢΢ü
ѵƽ̵ӣ
򴦴ʲô
ô𣿡
ټΪȻشƽ̵Ҳûʲôõġ
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԰ˣӳиҵҲʧΪһַʽһҪɱɱ
Цӯ棺Ҿƽ̳ġ
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˴΢һŵȻôң
һ
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ٱ㰴ָ㿴ȥһͨףЩɵվһ̨ϣʹüԵôüĿ߻վͯЦݻԾЩǰġ
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ӣٹЦһ޶оҪҲУͷֲǿҪ𣿡
֪ΪԽǿƱԽҲԽᣬҲǿϡٵԭû뵽ٹⷽı
ĬĬ򴽽ǣڸǰˣʲô͵ı
֮ͣʹ֮ʱڱ
ͦġ
ͷǾˡ
ѡ˶׼֮ȡɲŸոն֣ʶٹͻȻֹš
ôˣ
ɻ󣬲֪˵ʲô
㵹Ǽʦ֣ƽ̣ʩΣôû뱾ֻúô
Щ˵˼
գգۣȻҲ𣿡
Ҳô֮ǰôΣÿÿѯʣûش𣿡
죬Щס죬޹ֻ꣬ұʲôҲòϰ
ܿ첻ˣٹ˹ұòõǱ£Ͳ⣬Ա˵Ժñĺô
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ٹֻһۣͻһ̫Ѩ΢΢ҧ㵽˶壿
ûǴĻͷ͸ı֣һģһƶơ
ȴʮ޹صͷе壬Ҳûжٰɣ㲻Ҫɲģ֮ǰѰһʼõԭԼ̵ģ̶ֵɣ㹻˰ɣʱϰ󣬿˺ö飬ҪǾòٸ㼸ö
˵ŻйâһöͼƵ壬ǰ̣һɷǺÿ
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л˵
٣ôˣֲ̣ǻģϸʵܷÿһöһģ⻹壿
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#Ȼ#


93 Ψһĸ
ЩͻĵͳϢ ϸ壬Լĵģ̵ʮ־ Ҳ ȻûʲôЧǺۡ
ٹȻ
Ȼź
΢΢Ʋ죬 ĬĬԼ壬 ֹ˵Ҫ㣬  ġ
ʶУٹǵûѹס
ʽ͸ر֮ϲҲ˼
ʽˣ
̲סְó
Լƣ һòãÿһöһ˹̵ġһ޶
ָϸ΢Ĳ֮ͬ 
ʵڲ壬ûԵܱĶˣ
ȻеģҪʲôģΪβֱ˵ ҪĨǣ û˼
ٶıԹҲе뱧Թ ίÿҪô飬Ҫô飬˼ۣ С»ҪҲ˼ϹŰҲôģ͸СƵıŤŤ
һ仰˵ٹԶԡ
ˣ ٲǹ ĺ⡢ȫں İõóһ壬 չʾ
Ĭ죬̾ǱĴͲ⡣
˵ʲô岻ģСһֵһö塣
סЭ˰ֵððɣʲôҲ˵ˡ
Ŀ޹һȷʵûб˼ˣŶֿʼȡ
ڽƻʱ䡣
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ûųȥƬռϥ׼ָЩ˵
ڼ䣬ʱٹú˵ˡ
ɫƣҲѵΪʱһء
ѯʣ˵Ҫʲô˵ãܵõġĶûУҲˡ
ΪٹôǺóλдõĶȻǼȻûбõˣýÿյͺܿĵӣҲ֪ٹΪʲôͲϲ
˱һЩٶŪЩԱգô˵ҲֻĬ̾ûҪ˼ֻҪôͣҪôܲôܣ㡭ˣû˵
Լ˵һʶԼʵǰ˵
СһŹ֡
ȻⲻΪʲôԼǷܡ
ڵõ˺ôٹģ̫ã룬óһ龧ʯ˵棬·ɿһöҶ壬ĥ׹⣬ݸϵ˰ɣ㿴һ޶ֻһöһҲܣһܸ״Ķ͹Ķ
ٹ
Ĭ죬ĵ龧ʯżõİɣ
һ²ŷӦǰǿԭûˣʯҲͦõģǼ㽫һ
˵Żھ屳һ֡ٹ֮ϲ
Ƿ˸ʱдһʮӵ
ٹⱲûôֲڵƫСһﻹһ̵ֿģϲⲻ⣿

û˵ܾϵԱϢŨˡ
ķǳź
ɵЩʦ֣ʦֺú塣
и̣ĬĬţȴͻȻٹͳȻ
ĵˣŰɣ£ٲʽ
ЩƹˤοԼζ
¶Цʮִȵԭǿߵ֣õģû⣬磬Ҫٸ̸ģҸɴĵϿһУдףٹ˸ɹÿһλ߶ܿǲǸã
أ
ٹɿܾĺ⣬ҵˣ£ָЩЩȥķ
ðɡ
ûӦٻЩź˵ʵͦٹĵôһ֣ǰʲô쵼ݰٶҪӭһ
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ٹԸǿңٲٵ飬Իָ뿪˵ء
ֻ뿪֮ǰῴյı´һҪΪ
ٹı⣬ټǰĵĵطһ۵ĺɫ
ͨ崿ɫеϹŷģЩĳʰɫԻλá
Եĵͬ޴ľʯ֮ǰȻһλˡ
ſλħһ޴Ҳûо廯һλͺͬһߡ
Ƥ𪡢ٿ΢Ǻɫ䣬һϮڳۣ۱Եа߲ȼյĺۼ
رλǺɫģİ·ҹհˣѰħİɫ
ټһ۾ͱˣʶУ̾˧
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á
Сͬ˵磬ҾÿǺÿָоƫա
ٹǵֿ챬Ľʱ̣Ȼûס˵һ䣺ǻˣ
ôգⲻʲô
ٵûнֻ˵ʵ
ٹʸƫܿϹŰĮƣλ󽫣ȴʮַϽʣΪħ壬ȴĪ֮С
Сֱߵǰλ˲Żתͷ­Ŀġ
ϯмľװŵӿڣλǰħ֮Ҫ֪ܷҽȥ
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ٹŲɫһٵ⣬ƺһۣҲǴ仰ȷȷʵܵٹĮĴߣ
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⻰ߣʶеٹϰߣҲԷ
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˵ǰ涼ǫ֮һȾЩơ
ٹٴδһۣŵͬţ
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һ仰Ĭˡ
ٹĿⶨԼͷֻϣλΪߡħ֮նġ̳ˡµʶ
ʶУٹǰŶͷۣ㵽׼ϼ磿
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Ҳ𣬵ִȥЦУǰϲƺ޷ΪͬţֱӻҲУС٣Ϸ죬ǰΪǰٶУұǰΪɣ˺Ƿ뿪Ĺˣںϳ˯ʱ䣬Ҫңʮ֪֮ܵйҪҲˣһؼңҺúд㡭
ੲݵУһֱƽûʲôٹüͷ
۷ϵЦݣļ̳ߣ
ٰ
ҪٹԸ⣬ٺ޲̰ͳʾԼû˵ѡ
λħǿ߿սָ˲٣ҪܺƵ켫ȥ֣ȥһȥͥһˣ֪ɱһλ㡯콾ʲô³
ȻٹܿջߣǰĮҲ뿪˴
ٶʱЩʧȤ̵ࡣ
ˣٹȥȥǱ߿Ȼħ廹ôǿ߻ţ˵ҲУλȽϺ˵
˼ˣҲǿЦ̱òЦݣੲݣתԳϯźʹٹ΢΢ף΢ЦǰúˣС֮뿪ˡ
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٣аɣûȤˣ磬͵Ҿˡ
ٹüĴС
٣ǸͻȻһеææ˵ģôȥأѵ¹һ
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#ܾԲǺܿɿ#


94 ֿ
ڷϯ İֻ֮⽻̸ֻϤ֮˲ܵõ⣬ İʱ һ޶ëûȤ
˿̾ˡ
Ȼλħǿ߿ٱʵǿ ٹ´󽫣 ɷٶѾûʲôȤ
˻磬 Ĭظٹȥ ʱһȫյĵǰ
ûڣֻڽյĴǰͣפ عͷŷ٣ ֮أȽ޷ڣ֮Ӧ֪οɣ
ٵͷǰ 뽫ϣ ȴͻȻһ٣ ŤͷٹЦ覣ǰݱܡ
ٹü
½죬 ΪͳԶ ҳϵˡ
أ ȴΪ ֻ΢ЦǸ ûϹʱڣҲ֪жҳϣ漰Ҫ֮£ݱܡ
ٹҫʯĹâŷ٣ûб¶κɱ⣬ֻĿҲ˴ѹ
һƬžУظν졣
֪
ٴǻĿеȴʮԣǸ֮ǰ޷κˣ㣬ǰðǰҵĹڴ֮ǰκξٶҶΪѶģҪĸ
ٹ׵ӣһƬžİ
ãλĿĮǿתȥ
ٸֶһֱԶֱȫ֪Ϣ˿ʶ磬֪ôŰɣ
ٹЦŵͷûŸͬЦеߵļƣٹȷʵҳϣģװͦá
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˵ͣһ£ֲһ䣺ԼǵöҴ졣
У֮Լ٣תЩڡ
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Զ֮𴽽ǣţ˵úеˡ
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ٹҲֻءšˡ
һ߿ţһ߼ͷ˵
⴦ΪƫǰͺΪ֮أǰΪ֮ƫΪԡ֮˲֮Ǵ֮أںҪʱ䣬˴κڣִһ˼֮أħСס˯֮ʱ˺ط㶼̤㣬Σա
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ٹ˵ǰǴ֮ȥͷ̨֮ڵжһƬյֻ貵ƻȻӳա
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λãǰСЩİ趫˺ܶ࣬û֮
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Ѱ֪ݣǾ޻죬ҲֻСһڲͬ˵ֻۡ
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λǰԼδͼĵһֱĬվſڣͬһµĵܡ
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ֱԽٹ˻֣ĿмСԽԽԶ
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á̾һóԪָ߰ϵͳߣȥҰȥ
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95 ƽʱ䵭
ҡ֮ǰȻҪȺӻƽ̻ϡ
ҷٻǴˡز
ٹȥ Լ뽭Ƿֿһӣȷԭ·ʱûߵϴηֿĵط 㿴ɫЩ Ǳ鲻̫õƽ̴ˡ
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ǵգ ƽǵ֮ԼĶҲվ
Σ ûʲôرá
һҲû췢ʲô  ֻ΢΢ͷʦƽá
ƽ˾䣺ǰǷͻȻһɾ޴ɢǵأ ǲǺСйأ
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˵ҪʲôñһҲŵģ˶ֻҪȥһЩ¡޶ëллˣ˵ʲôǴȥһЩҲˡ
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Աϸǵ켫ƽ̶ʱԼһ
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̵ͷΪ飺ҲǷϵҲǷϵԵְ

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ɷȴ˿壬Ѹٵͷ״˵𣺡Ҳôƺٹ֪ʱôƺ׽һַʽһ;ر׽رʧɢĸ硣
֪ǲǲûã˼ЩٻôһٻϣûзӦǾܾҲֻЩ϶С
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96 
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ƽҡͷֻ֮ǰٻ˴ ֮㲻
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ν㶦ô ƣ ҲƽѰҵƺ㣬εǿ֮С
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ԽֽߣȥԽߣ ;֮Թƴ 붫ߵħγԱȡ
ƽ̻ǰ Ҳ𽥻ԻͲľЩأû뵽ĹлôһƬдż
ﻹг˯Ϲǿߣʮ˵½һѡ
˭ҲΪЩϹǿܺĵƽ οࡣ
ֻǱĳأ ٷԵʮɣ Ц常õģ ҾⷴǼ¡
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ոͻȻ뵽˵ǡǻ¡Ĵߡ
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⡭Ƿ٣ƽ̻ţⲻ̫ðɣ
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#ʱڳ˯УѺ󿴿̳ˡѧϰʲô׶#


97 ô
Ȼû뵽⣬ һʱЩĬ
Ҳû뵽ô򵥵λ˿ʮϢҲûش
ˣ
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ѣڻش
ɫƽ˽£ʱ
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־Ĭ˼Ϣ Ȼƽ㵽˿֮أõϿȻֲ֪ϡ
˼⹦죬ע
Ȼλûֱ˵˼
Щᣬ ץߵķ֣ Щǻˣ ֮һУ⿼Ȼ֪ģ ˿̲֪ ֮̽Ҳ֪ Ҳֻǲ鿴һĹ ȴӰĴ ʩƣذҰɡ
˵ֲһ䣺ǿҷٹĴУһ׷ķϡ
Ĵ𰸣ǲԸߵġ
΢΢üһڽͶС
йâ֮ɫãԼڲ̽еĴп飬һλĹ
֮󣬷䵭Ҫ㻹ʲô£
ӿЩȻ̫¶˵ʲô
ȴɫһּеܰ𣿡
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ʵЩǿˣõĴķϵУߵĴУֻΪոոҵǴλᡣ
˵ԼԵĲֱ˵˳
ȻĮش𣺡뱾θɣԸɷ
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׻ǼѣвϯƤ
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Ǳá
δҪԼбŭ¶ǳ΢ЦʦܶȻС
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š
΢Цķ¶ֶʦܺչ˵ĳ߰ɡ
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л˵
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98 ʥ
Ȼôؿİ ʱݱ¶⣬Ⲣ֮һо´󼪡ʮ˳
֮صĿ飬Ȼô󲿷ȴ
ͽ֮غ һŽ׵ı ھװΣͼİ񾵡컨ѩ硢ʢڴѤ黨Լϵķαͳһʽİɫۣ ½ɫ· Ŷ
ǰ ɾ ѩϾޱ޼֮С
ٺӶһۣ򶨵һ硣
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΢΢ͷ ȴӴ طС ʦܣ̽һ
š
ҲѸ˴ܵ ž̾ʦ֣ Ϲʱڵ֮أ òǸ̵ĵʱΰɣ
޹ô롣
Ĺеһ ϵ֮Ǿף ￴ȥҲˣֻһȥޱ޼ʣϸֱ棬Щֱ治ֻһ죬Ĺеࡣ
ûмĻԻʱڣϾֻǼ䣬ĹҲֻıɽһǣǰģȴһġ۷ʱڵ壬ھӴȺеһԱ
Щ𺳣ٺͽ߳䡣
֮⣬һƬ硣
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Լüģûʲôر𴥸Уܿ췢ֽüĳһɫ·Ҳüġ
ȥ弸ûʲô𣬶Եÿ߹󡢵šΨһһϸ΢ĲǷٵĸ԰һЩҲû취ˮֻܱ仯òߣŮ֮ߵˡ
ֵûãͬǴк
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֮ǰؾ˼ҶӣʱٿûٳЦǼλʦʦҲûڱ͵͵ԹԳޡ
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֮صմ֮˵ʵ仯Ҳ̣òɵҲ̶顯еﾳ磬شǸȼǱࣿƽ׾٣ɳϻƽ̴ѾгĽˣⲻϴߵҪ
ߣ࿴츳ԣ䡣
Էٺ֣ԳĹ򲻺
˵΢΢üȻҲ쵽һ㡣ûҲû³վԱΧһӡ
Ѿ׼õľʮ˸ˡʮŶԵȴٳûпʼսҲûжµ˲μӡ
·ȱλãΪǶ׼
ô۲ȥȻҲǰ취룬ҾüȻǴ֮صĿ飬Ͳñ֣֮ʦ֣Ҫ³ԣ˾Ǵʧܡ
һ㣬λӦòڴ֮УΪλƣΪǣٹ
ȻܴӦݣ˵λﻹЩĶܹ鲻֮ǰôôҲһԭ̽һλĵߡ
Ȼȫȷ޵֮±ͳգûһ͵ġ
һͬĻһҲ⡣
Ǹһ֣֮Ȼͷá
ٱӶЦ˲پᣬֱȥԳ
Ȼ볡֮Ҳ볡ԳĲкܿԿʼ
ٺͽվھ޴ԳԵδóȻᣬֻһ˲㿴Ӱ˵ʲô˸ӿԭվ֮رâǣ̻
ЩǱڵϹһȦϵطնյضâ̧ͷȥֻһ߽бʢֻһ˲Щıм߽ݱ䣬һִӹľ
ٺηٱ㲻֪ˣΪüһʹһ⴩Ķͷǰʱڰ
ۣϤѩ״ͼİ񾵡컨ѩ硢ʢڴѤ黨
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һľ룬´ԼֻҪϢ˹ܵӳһЩҲ̫ãؼǣĹл
˾ĬƬ̣´һΡ
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ûƵεܿϵʥԵԳУ˵ڶγԡ
֮󣬷ٴδӴ
һЩһкü˾ߣ̫㶼û㿪ֱˡ
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ڴ˼Լһγ˳ֵĹɡ
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ĿģЩ˵ʦܡĺ񡣡
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ͷȫͬˣһϣǸĸоȴƣԸЩʦܸЩҲδɥٵʱ򣬾ڵķ١
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δеЩκ飬ֻͷ˴վڷߣȷٸһЩעĿЩӣȴᡣ
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99 
ͻȻ˵ôһ ΪĳЩܸ˵ܣֽܿ⣬û¶˵
ǿʼ˵γԡ
һΣ ٷһЩɡ
Ȼһ֣ ʵϹûдﵽشϵĵȼЩߵٶҲûô죬 ֻΪڶ࣬ Ųһ޷ƥеĸо
ıϵ֮һ壬 ķϵٶȼ죬 ʵֻҪһУŽȫߣֻ пڼϢ֮ڴﵽԳ롣
ֻҪͼڣ ɹ
֮ǰ֮ԷֿΪֿٶȸ죬ֻҪһ˴ﵽܳɹ˷Щۡ
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ߵĹǡǻ¡˫֮ ҲΨһһеµ У ֳһ㣬һؿҲˡ
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Լ˶ʮΣڶʮΣϢ֮󣬷Žһһöͼڡ
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ȻҲ뵽һ㣬ûб¶Уֻʦܲصģƽ̲
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ķΧУʦֵϢͦһʱ䣬Щήҵľָʥȥ
Խſڣٺͽ˲УͬʥȥԼԼֺ롢׳
ֵһǣЩʥȥ˴һһŮֹܣǵ£ֻ˻棬ۡ
ЩΣҲЩ飬ԱߵӿЩʲô
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˭֪ȴļ򣬰ʦܷģҲ˵ȥġ
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ûлش𣬷ٺܿоһǿľעԼʶʱٿء
ߣ˵һ仰
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൱ڽԼʱؽ˷٣ⴴԻĻþ
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ϢԱߵѸٰԼģ˸ȻʹΧģŤЩϤĳһǻƽԭǴһؾǴԵʮָѣ˵ķѳľ
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ˡǻ¡ֻܼ̳ĴУŵҲΪôȴһʵЩ̡
һ˽ģһҲΪ˽ðɣϾҲ
˵˵֮˵Լ򴽽ǣ¶һƽʱЩЦݣиһ˿ŮԵȻ
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ֻһ˲˱סˡ
ǰĲ֮ǰĵмĵط϶ΪһԵģ壬Ϊѣǰˣһֵܳˣʦʧ١
Σ뵽ĳֿܣЩ૳ҵħ磿
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ϣǰĻȴûʧ
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ģû룡
ҿȥҪǰŮԶһЩ
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ݿһһֱ޿ˡ
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ûʲôãûȤԼġֵܡһ١ٶط֮£죬 գ ôͽǣһ
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ϸ˼⣬֮ǰҲûʲô˵ģ 񶼵ˣ ٲϰҲϰˣν²ʵ޷ӵļҷӦΪΡ
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֣ ȴҿ ʮֿĿ
ǽǣ ְ죬 Ȼûˡ
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ΪʵڲУܸܲʦһ̼Ķǵҩ֮ģ
Ҳʵû취ֻԮ֮ǰһУΨû㵽Ȼôܡ
Ҳͦ׽ģȴܣʵڲ֪Ѳ»ʦ㻨ģܹݡ
ʲôµ鲻ãȹĴп˵ԵʱûҪ
Ȳѣֻ
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룬ڵϥ£˿̲δȫݽġħҲһԼʵɻ
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˿̣Ҳġ
ķ񶨲ûᶨ˼µľģԭҪΪ˼̳Уֶһǡɹħ
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ͫ΢˵ЩʲôǰŮͻȻ
˶ŵģֱ˵ϣŽ죬°;Ĳߣ
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ȻȫȻͬһ̣Ļȴʮ뽭ҪĲıϡ
ƭ˱ˣƭԼ
ħǰҲ̻¶Լ⣬ΣʧһƬŢȻĵף̿֡
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һļ磬Щϸϲ˼¶ȣĵ¶ƺһЩ
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ѳ٣ƭԼʲôã
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𡣡
Żˣֲڻͬ㣬һزͷˡ
ɻ󣬲ͷʲô
Ҫ㡣

𾪲֮²㱩¶Լԭ
ɻɻʳڣӵֱȻսĴľ
𳹵סˡ
µķչи˳ֺﲻԵӣܾǲǺʲô£
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#˯֮˶鸴#
#ٴͬ#
#ҵ˯֮Ҫ#
#ħɹˣħʼ#


101 Ҳ뿴
һΣ ΪԱ
ڶΣΪ˾ͷ
Σ˯òס
ԭǸģ ֮ķչЩϡ
˸Ƶġ
һʼ޴롢ң ־壬ԭΪҪвȥˣ ͻȻֳ ռλá
ø΢Щϰߡ
˯˲࣬ Ҳͽһ ǰζš
һҵ֮󣬸ЩһУֻûάֶã Ϊô֮飬 ݲ顣
˾ƣߣΪǻ⹦Խۡ
ͷһʣµ֮ɱĸй٣ַ˺ô˵·ã ۼĨ Χָԭ Ȼߵطٵݣϥ¡
ѵĵɢ 𽥻ָԭģ
ûȥ ϥ£ һʱ䣬 װոմħӣ ߵߣļͷ
ӻ˫ۣлδɢȥİ֮һ˿ְڿٵĿʱȻֹ
ټ΢ɣЦãһΪʦħ޷ˣʦҲˣˣӦÿͨء
Ŀ㶣ްû˵ҲûŲߣֻ˵Ҫӿиѽ治ֹ
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μʶʱǴؾ̽ûܾһμ֮ǰǱڵشϴɱʱǳû׷ңȥ׷ʦ㣬μ䡣
ƺЩƣذ˰üģԭһֱԼη壬ļᶨɲһУֱţҲ֪ԭҲкµʱҲᵣġ
˵ЩƵỺͶů
ҵҵģЩ涼ǼٵģҾҲʦ֣Ƕû䣬ں˶ڣʦ֮ǰ˵Ըաʦ֣ҲԶҲûħֻҪǶߣһ㣬ұ޾һУȻֱǰ
Ŀֿͣ˵ϣ䣬ܺԵظое졪һֽٺϧ
ԭͬ˵һС̹ϵĻЩ˵ˡ
۽ǺǻЩһ˵ڱԶҲܻصǰ
֮ǰȲѣȴʸʦܶ׽Ϊһˣ޷ڴ޶ԣұʹ˶
Ǹõ磬Ǹǵɼһ˵Ȼѣڡ
ʦѳ̫࣬ٴݻеã̵飿
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˵Լ˵ģԼеĻ֣̿ıԵ࣬Цſˣҵ˵ˣʦͬ˵ʲô
Ĭ¶һЩӲǳЦݣҡͷûʲôʦܲصģҺ𶼺úõģȥ
š
صͷ˸Ŵ⾰ɫ᣺ɫá
ǰɫá
ظĻ
۴ͷû⣬죬ѹͻް
Ҳݻָƽݡ
ǳȥɡ
á
ЦӦЩ½
ճ˵
ͨߣʥ֮ء
Ŀ΢æŽͬһȥ
ʦ֣ҲӦֻһˡ
λߵĿʵ㲻رѣҲǷٺͽײȽĴУҲûôˡ
֮ߵƬ֮󣬿һȾ޴ѩ״ţͻƽԭǸؾЩ
ǹεģмûҳֻһƬѤõĹΣвƬΣС
վǰһۣŽһ˽ȥ
֮ħĴ֮Щޱ޼ʵһƬûб߽Ŀռ䣬ֻ񷶥ܿģ
ô˶˽ɵٺͽʱȴƬ޴Ŀռֻˡ
һӰڹƮǰ
Ѿħеķûô棬ֻƵһ䣺ǰ⴫֮صƹ𣿡
ӰӿЩ䣬Ե˵ͷ˵Ϊ֮Ҫ̳֮־Ҫһء
ָ޾ڴ˵ضǧŰپʮŲ鼮ɳ֮־С
ɫˡ
ǧŰپʮŲ鼮
ʲôħ飿
Ӱȴʮصͷ
˽Զſͨءʴơб֮־º͵ϣǲҪʧ
ȷʵº͵Ŀˣ˵һؿܾ֮ܶ⣬ڶعĪͽ˯һһ¹˵ƺ϶ȷҲûָʲô
ؿ飬ǧŰپʮŲ鼮Ȼܱ˻ʹ࣬ȷˡ
㾳ߴоȻˣǷǳټˡ
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ʹִ࣬ϳһһɫʹˡ
ϹдģʶϹְⲻǹĥ
Ǽɫ̫ѿӰ˶٣ֵΪǺã鲻˭ʸĶ˵й¡дǻͨţϹŵȵȵȵȣá
ðɡ
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΢΢˿
ڿеӰЩֿһۣһӣ޾Ŀռбһѩ״ɴȽĴ󴲡
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˵һۣõӰʧڹâС
Щ죬߹ȥẈ֮̂ĴУɻʲô˼
˯
ЩͷԣӰѾʧˣ˼Ҳûٳ˱ҲپᣬɴĴ̣ƨɵµʶȣԱߵλãһϴģʦ֣ҿɲʶϹֻ֣Ҫϸˡ
ͷδܾ룬Ҳߵߣֻûȥֻڴأӽӽóֽī⣬ִԱߵϰһС
īֽСϷźãſڣûϵʦܵĴǣҪá
֪ǲǴܾЩ
ҪҲûж룬ùոմ飬̯СϣԽ˵ʦ֣һѧһ߿ɣһЩ
û飬ַ鼮УͻȻžһºⱾ飬ٶ˷һ
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дʲô˵Ķ
º棬ȥһ£ȴֹˡ
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󲻵ȷٴӦǱ飬ߵԱߵϣ˽ȥֳһ
ûٿԼȷҳɫûбúÿӵͳѸٰⱾҲ˻ȥó
ȻȻû䡣
ó˺üɴ໻˸
ڷٲֵĿУһ飬ǿһߵ£̯ٿҵʦܣǿʼɡ
ûеͷĿЩãȻʵʦ֣Щʲô𣿡
ܾýɫЩֹ֣ô򵥡
ӳĬһŵЩ鲻ʺ㡣
ʺң
üɻˡ
֪ʲô鲻ʺȴܿġ
ֻʶϹֲ࣬ûЩ˼Ȼھȥһ׿ʲô
Ǽʵں棬ڳĬ֮󣬲ŵһ䣺˹֮飬ʦԵ㲻Ҫˣԡ
ʵֹ˹ģлһЩ鼮дˡǻ¡⹦ϸ֮һЩصĶ
·ʦŹֻ⹦͸ˣһš˫֮
˽ܵĶʵڲΪ˵ҲҲʦ֪ܲ͸⹦ɽв˵ҲãʲôҲã֮޷ʦЩдʲô
ֻԽڷԽ档
дʲôýôĪӣ뿴
л˵
٣дɶҿ
ɫʦܵͲҪֶˡ
٣ô˵ҿɸȤˡ
#Զһ#
#ʦܵϱ#
#˴˶ܰ#


102 ̯
 ȻЩӻĪ鼮ܸȤȴҲû
ֻǼƳһۣûٹע ؿʼͽѧϰϹ֡
˵ʮӴ Ӱ˵Ҳ󻰣ȷʲôУ ҵ౾йϹֵ鼮 
ֻصرעһЩ ٲҪ ˵Щ˹ģ鲻á
ǧŰپʮ鼮⼸һҲûеĻۣ ֳûʲô Ҫڶʱڿ꣬ʹĥ
û뵽ϱӶûôʹľⱲӵ߾Ȼˡ
Ż˰ºѧϰϹ֣ѳõѧòˣ˲ſʼĶ鼮
ڼ䣬 ʦϷأ ĳЩ鼮
ٱϴӦʮˬ죬 ˽ȴһ뿴ʦֵʲôܡ
ԽԸ񣬲ڿĳЩط㲻پһء
ĳ죬 ҵᣬ һ͵һ ȻýûעʱѰ˸š
Ī˷ܣ Сʱżҳʦ͵Ĵ̼ ᷭǱ鼮뿴澿ʲôܡ
ҳһθõԼһЩϸڣΨһĲͬԼΪⱾ˵Ĺǡǻ¡
һ˫޹ǿм䣬Ӧλдġ
⣿
ʲôòҴŵģ
ٲ̫
ʦֵĺףҲǷﴳģκһӶЩЩ˽ǣֲʮ߰꣬ǾԴȻҲھ˵ɣ
Ͼǰ˻ͷǸʲôˣӦúǡ
ԽԽЩԾܾƺĳֵ˼С
˼֮ʱͻȻһͳڿʲô
ʶ󣬿һ֮ŷôס
ֻǴ˿óãֻɤӣЦûʲôڿߵ飬ǹиϵģʦҪҪҲȷʵа
ûлشֻĿʮضĬƬ̣ŵʦܲʲô
ûУûС
Ȼڽûɫ糣ʦ֣ڴ˴˲ʱˣ˵ƽǲѾȥˣ
봫֮ؿѾȥˣټ֮ǰʱ䣬Ѿһ¿ˣǲſ˺Сһֻ֣ȫ겻֪Ҫãƽ̲һֱǣӵĸףҲ켫ڵ
ɫδҲߵ£ڴ˻֪Ҫãвɳʱƽ̣Ӧûȥˡ
šٵͷҲ޷ĹеΣն˵ֵһᣬڶɽǻȥʱСЩã˴γҲгĽҲûȥˡ
Ҫ⣬Եģ䡣
Ʊ˹ȥڷԷʱִȡǱ顣
ʦʦ֣
û뵽Ũü۵ʵ˾ҲһУ⧲֮£ȡ鼮
ۣȻüͷʦܶЩܸȤΪҪҿ
⻰ʵúܲûش𣬷ٶʱֱ͵ĳֲ鼮ļӸС
ǽȲġ
˶񣬷˼ֻ̫ˣʦ֣Ϊʲôҿֻһѡ
ʮɵЦЦ󷽣Ҷʮ߰ˣʲôʲôòصģʦ֣Ҵ꣬Ǻӡ
ֵ˵
Ǳ飬Ĭ죬ŵʦܣֻǲ㿴Щ߰Ķ
ȻƳ۽Ǳ飬ɨףЩӿ²ֹǲЩ߰ĶиԭΪᵽˡǻ¡⹦
֮ǰǼ£֪ħйأ˵͸ԵǴ⹦ʼ⵼öԲԼʦܣ̵ӡ
ȻȻͻľٶʶ֮ܿص顣
֮ǰǵУɽһȣȻｭֱеħħȴûô׸ͼ֮
ǰĺ滹п飬³˵Ӱ촫Уٵʱߣ֪һأ޹ɱ˵Ӱûôˡ
룬ϯ濴º͵ؿڣʦ֣ǲʲô˵ֵܣ۷ʲô޷ıһ㣬㲻õģʲôܳԱǡ
⻰ʾѾˡ
ɽֻĿ΢٣Ųߣûʲô
ͬ˵
Ҿ¡
΢̾һԶޱ޼ʵżȻͿ͸ǲǺйء
鼮Ȼһץ˼塣
ٲûֻǼܾ£ûҲֻ㽫̫ˣʦ֣йأйأûʹǣûͬ˵֪ǻһ

˵Ǹٺòֳһˣһûʲôԭµģʲô£Ҳѹҡݵطŭջǻԭģ㣬Ҳ˶ң𣿡
ĿᣬƺѾĵףȴȻԸͬ˵Щ
ֻһƬŢз·ӿһһâЩڰҲӳյ΢â
ʦϵ˫ۣһξеĻ֮̿ͣأЩ־ɢҪߡ
ʦ֮ҪʵţÿΪЩշתߣűʦܵʹࡣ
һʦܿĿ̹϶ͣĻȫǳġ
죬ڷٹĿ£ʦܣҡ
ߣͣס
ٱ㰲ûϵʦ֣˵
ʵڸ˽İһҧ۾ٵħμ𡭡
ʵ˵ȥ𣬱Ѹתһ䣺ԲҶ𡭡ǵ˼
˵۾ȴС
ȴסˡ
֮ǰħʹģʱ˵ǶԸûŮ֮飬˵ˡǵ˼
˼ָϻϣ
򴽽ǣ˫۵ģ룬ʵʦǡϲ壬ϲ𣿡
仰ʵþͷǳԡ
ԼҲûʵóˡ
ٽһɫҵĺΣһֱۿֻЩҽͰ͵壿
Щʦܵ˼ϲ뱾ˣ
ţٷϸΪͣʦֻ壬ΪʦƽŮ޽Ӵ֮飬ʦֶ˵ŮҲˡʦϲǱ˵ʦĲŮ˵壬ϲˡ
͵Ӧùˡ
ɽûиشɫŵظˣ꿪ϼΣȴû˵˳ֳһּΪĸоҲۿ
һЩɻϵͳûѵ
ϵͳƬ̣ŻشûпΪ̫ˣǿĵ£ںһ̸ϲĵ»µ壿
ôһ˵ȷʵЩ֡
æΪڸǣ˫յĽѸٲ䣺ʦᣬҶ˲ô˵ģֻҪˣҾӦÿϲ̸һ̸ʲô
֪ǲĻﰲοӣżƽЩ˫ۣﻹЩдΡ
ʦܡ
Ծؽץ飬ͷƽ˺һǻпڣ֪¶˵ѽܣ㷢ģԴ֪ĸ֮ҴδҪƻĹϵҡҲԾᡭǴҲˣ֮֡˺ңҲӦõġ
ҵȻ㡣
ٱʵڿ̫࣬ǵı鿴Ǹ֪ˣһˣȻģʦ֣ܸܲңҷ˵㾿ôģǿϲ˵һ˵Ҳùܻһۡ
Ŀл΢΢򴽣ҡҲ֪
Ҳֲ徿ϲҲ߽СʦܣҲ㣬㿴Ȿ飬иط崫УΪǻ¡Һϰ⹦
⻰̺˼ܶࡣ
˵ûʲô̫ķӦϵͳ˵ĵ˫̫֮ƽˡ
ϵٺҲôƽһͲ
ٵͷɤӣüͷ䣺ʦ˵⹦˫֮ϰˣ
仯ýɫ΢ţұ粵ֻͷǣҲҸ㣬㿴Щ飬кܴһԭΪ⹦ʦܣҲ֪㡣
ٱĬ
üͷɫ΢òŵˣ⹦ʵ˵֪ǴؾȲѣΪ˾㣬Ҳȥƽʦպ󡭡Ҫǡ
˿⹦˴ӦҲУҴȥΣʦԶҼˣҺֳ
ʮرֳһñӡΪ𲻵òԭ¶Էì
Ժ˱㶼⹦ˣ⵹ҲǸô
ڼžķΧоһ
йᣬȴǰο֪֮ɼʦҲ̫࣬һ˳Ȼɡ
뿪䣬׼ȥ鼮
ĬĬ뿪ıӰ죬ͷעﱻץЩŵ鼮Ȼĵ׵˵˿ڣȴû˿磽⡣
·һųصĸѹļ䣬ͻ
ʦܡ֮䣬վԽ͵ľ
£˴Լû˵һǲ֪ôڣᣬԼҲ޷
һֱСעľֹڷȻᣬȴǰУȫ䵭ޡ
ϵɢȥƺĵףͬ˵ʱѻָ
ûֻʮ糣ͬ鼮еطĵá
ָ֮ΣֻǽɫӽС֮С
ٵûʲôо˰죬ӦѾλˣΪֵܣȻʦ˯ĵ»ӦԭϾֵܡ
ԺУϵͳЩɻ׼Σϲ㡣
Σϲϲ¡ǳƽǶкƽ£Ҳˣֲ񣬶ߵŮԲѵҪΪ˴Сһûʲô̫ϵ̫ע
һͷ˯˵ʲôϲϲʵ̫ˡ
ʱ俼Ǹ⣬ȥ֮£ȺǻţϹǿѣʮŴ۸ӣ絶ߣһСľͻٲ
Ķʱ˼ǶŮ˽£
ڽﻰ˵Ҳûʲô谭ˣʱһȻƽʱܽһС
㡭ϵͳƺЩԥϲ㣬ĸ𣿡
ͷݶǰݵģʵĸûôӣֻ漰ˣһһŮ
Ҳ֪
˼⣬ͻЩ̾ϢͦõģҲͻݣǸݡΪԶͬ䣬Ҫ˵ҲͦʣҲˣڲʺܲø˦˷٣ȥðɣִΪϷ飬ֱеûˡ
Ҫ˵ͼ࣬ȥڴִ֣Ϊ˺һһ鷳پȫûҪ
ֲǸԣֻҪʦһ
ϵͳƺĻشסҲû˵
ĺ޲֪ϲԼôһ΢ĩڸոǰѾʧĶ鼮ĳĳʱͻȻ鳯ȥ
ʦ֣㿴
һҳָĳط濴Щ̫˽⣬ʦ֪𣿡
ȻЩ޷磽⣬Ҳһϲˣ󲿷ʱΪΪأٹѯʣҲ濴ȥ
ֻۣͻȻסЩݵʦܣǡ
ùⱾ˵ǻ¡ģȻⱾ飬йطӡ֮ȻҪ˵˫޷š
ʵڻûϰߺʦֻҪһ᲻Ծ𣬼̶йصЩ¡
ȴûʲôᣬǼ̳ĴУλĹǻ¡Ҫһ֣ӹһѧо̬ͽ˵ۡ
£侲ʲô𣿡
ǡǻ¡
ǰٵͷҷǱ߿һ˵ǻĵ֮Ȼĵֻ֮Щ򵥵ĹЧνͨ۵ܺùһˣҲʦһģҲջ񡣡
ʵ侲ȴûô侲⿴ĸ֣ʦǰѵ֮С
ƫһ
Ӻ΢ͣ˱ۣͣʦܣ˫֮˵̫㡭
޷
ٿⱾдķţڵǻ𣿻ȥٺһ㵱ӡ֤ȥֻúʦˡ

ûѵУƺһԵɬֻһ
ʦܻ׽ˣ໰Ҳܻȴ޷пɬ˵ڣЩͬһĺݺסһֵ⣬һŮ顣
ľþóţĬãٲͳá
л˵
٣ȵȣǲ˵ʲô˵ģɫ̫á
ϵͳϲɹʦɾ͡
٣
ϵͳֵ˯µƣ־Ҳǵһοء
٣
#ʦ֪ܲʱʹ#
#ʦ֪ʱҲʹ#
#ϯն¹ʱ˿#


103 عں
ȫ֪ʲôСʹ𡯡Сɬìܡϯͬʦǻ¡ĵá
ⲿһЩԵġ֮⣬ Ҫ֣ǰΪӡ֮󲿷Ϊ˫֮ ǰศɡ
֮ǰһֱɼ򵥵˫޹ʹã Ҳδо伮 ŷ֡ǻ¡һͨ˫޹
ϹŶǿߡ֮ ĵȻû̫أ ӦҲһλǿߣ λǿ޵ĹȻ֮
˫ط󲿷͡ٲԲ ǲķ ֱƫһˡ
šǻ¡֮֮ǰһֱΪⲿҲԲΪ˫ȴ
ǰ벿ķӡ֮Ǻ벿ҪЧ
ǲһͬ͡޹ķšЩϸ⹦ཻ ξ֮
ٺƽ۰죬 Ū⹦ĺô ȴͻȻʶС
ԣûһĸԺһ˫ޣڽԣ ͸˰ѵ˫һΣ ľ棬 طر˫ޣ  ЧñҲ½һ롣
˵ĴжȻֹ⹦ջķᣬΣһŹ˷ǳź
ƳûʲôףԺϵͳ˵ǲǵҸԺ󾭳һ
һ˵÷ǳѰζ
ϵͳȴ侲²Ը⡣
۽ĵ׿ʲ鷢ǶԵ޹ʵȥ£ȻҪı
ҲףʵЩԸǻ¡
иĺôǿͬйͬޣǰ֮ûȥٹĹΪĹУ壬޷棬ֿͬ޵Ķ⹦ֱ̫ˣΨһ̫õıһ˫޷š
ͽ츳Ա㶼˳Ϊһ˫ܡܹͬǾ
滹ǻţΪȻԽԽá
ԣܿٽǲں˫˫µģҲûüˣϰˡ
ɽܡ
϶ģҲ֪
Щͷۣϵͳ˵ڶ˵ҰѸø᲻ţ
ϵͳ
Ȼôǻ¡
ҪǰѸøġ
Ϊֵ¶ҪˣⲻǷٵԸ
֪ûʲôð취ȻҪô˵£
ٺǷգ˼ƽûʲôУſڣʦ֡
ްۿ
ʹͷ΢⡶ǻ¡ȷʵһŶ
Ȼû˵ƺڵȴ˵
һĬ¶ʲôһ㣬һԵѱ׶˼ʦϰ⹦ȥ𡭡
ִԼ˽񾭣Ŀһȷ˵꣬նҲᡣ
ŷ٣ǽЩʦܣĵ¡
֪
üҲ¶һ˿ʹס۾ͳᣬںһοľֳޱȣҵʦ֣ʦ֣Ҳ֮ѡȥұ㵱û
Ϊѹֱ֣ûڴݼ䣬᲻ţɼҲǼΪʹġ
ٴεҲģʦܣҲᡣ
㲻ϲ𣿡ٷסü޵ƣ΢ԣֻ˵¶֮ǰƽαװ˵ҲҪʦ֣Ҳʧȥ㣬Ҳʧȥ㣬֪δҪԲǣһвɼˣ롭Ҫ֪Ҫҿұ㡢ұ㵱û
⻰˵üΪѣʹУЭ
Ǹѱˣ˶˵ֻ׽֮ĺãӣ˵ֻɼожʹ࣬ж᲻ãȻˡ
Ϊʦֳ֣һ㿴ˡ
ɫֻ﷭ӿŨصκͼеһо޷
ʦܵʹ࣬ѵʲôÿһΣʦȶ˵ο
˭ʦеĿʹ˭֪һ·ļֻٹˡ
۵׸ϸ֮ܵɫǰüʹʦܣһξԼʦְ̫
ֻԼеĻްԣʦܱܡ
üۣ̾һ뻳УŮֵ֣֮һ㣬糤һ㣬ʦܵļͷͷһδԼֿͣοغ֮УҴӦ㣬ΣǶһˣԶҲΪκ¶ҡ
š
ǵ¿ļصͷżֵΣϣʦֿģҪħֻҪһƽϲ֣ʲôҪԵĶν
һ䣬ûиͣٴļ򣬶Ỻ
֮Ϊ֮ǰǳ̹϶Ļɬճ߽⣬һ̣Ƕ۶ԷԼ˵ķʽ
ֻϵͳڷԺСظһ䣺ˣ
ôеֵֹģ
Ҫںô࣬㿴ںͰղͦõģ˵ʹӦ˺͸˫ޣҿҲͦģ˵ҲΪãôõˣΪһϵͳҾҶѾ御ˣҵë١

ϵͳԶԡ
ȻֵֺĸоԼںҲȷʵҲʲô°ɣ
ϵͳ˼Ƭ̣ѡԹۣٷԡ
жϣϾҲûбȷٸˡ
Ƿٺͽʦֵ໥һһƬȻθ֮УϯЩ̫˼شʦֻ뿪ѵʲôһʦֿǧҪЦҡ
ᣬķЩ磺ûУʦ졢ȴȻ֮ˣ֮ģʦ򲻼㡣
Щ˼ɫ΢죬΢΢һЦڴ֮С
´񣬼ߵ鼮˵ôˣǼɣЩȥƽҲЩˡ
á
Ҳһ飬ʱؽЩ㺡ìܡھζĵףѹ
Ҳ濴
һ߿һ۵ؽ֮Ժ
ȻӻЩ̫Ӧʦ̸˫֮ķţһӣҲЩ죬
л˵
٣ô
ԡ
٣ãȥһ¡

٣ʦҪ룬Ҳһ¡
Сʦܣⲻá
٣£Ҿһ˵ʦֲ÷ϡ
ĸӣ
#ûԼԼ#
#ֻʦ֣ô˵ѵͲʹࣿ#
#ʦ벻#
#ĻΪʲôÿζô˷#
ϵͳʶˣԭ춼ģˣھͼҵĲοϣҵ׼죬뷨϶û


104 
ǧŰپʮűʵǸ֣ οҪ֮
ٺͽ⴦ޱ޼ʵռ޵õһαչء
㻨СʱſӰҪ鼮ǧŰپʮ֮ ý׸绹ˡ
һ죬 ߳ռ䣬پӯ֮С
ѹ˶˵Ϊϣ ھޱʦĿ
ǱҪԵЩ Ϊ֮ʦ̹ϣ ûзôʹࡣ
ӰԼ ȥĴ֮أ̳һЩۡ
ʵЩ鼮Ĵһ֣˵ǿ飬 һܵḶ́ ӳ࣬ҽԼѡĸĶͬ鼮
ЩҲ޷һ죬ǽİܴǰ飬εĲƸ Ǹ֮·Ҫôߣ Щӵ ҲǺö
ΪҪǻ¡ѾϰˣԳֻ֮ȥ֮ؼ̳һЩԵطӰһһ 
̳ĴУ 뿪֮أ 켫ƽ̹ȻѾȥ ˸֪ǣ ֮Ҳٹ顣
һк󣬷ýԵһȥݷϾεҪĿΪĹλ֮ǰҲӦܵõߵĴУһᡣ
ɵ˵֮ǰԸﵽĹأƤҲûĵ
֮£ɴǰӦ㲻˼
ٹйأּ̳ĴУΪĿǰŵôҲֱǰ˰֮һö˵ƵĴѶݣԶ켫ҲܽѶϢ˴ŵٽһЩɻ
ǲܵġ
̬ʵڼ֮Ҳа֮ˣûֻǿö뿪֮ǰԼ
ĹλƶˣԼ뻻طסˡ
ûôҪߣǸŮޣνֲЦˣˣؼڳһ׽ģʮֵѲ
һĹ֮ȻЩźҲջķᡣ
پǵʱͳĹûԼʱ·
վĹԵһƬϱڲԫԸ̾ʦ֣겻գҾ־Υ֮С
ֻһˣӵЩߡ
ûлͷ΢Цֻǿϧûڴ˴ҲܵУٺòˡ
ÿζʦܵ棬ȻǺ£ӻЩź
ٲֻЦлģʦ֣ұչضգⶫɽΣ쳣֣ǾЩˡ
á
ûоܾ顣
һЦż⣬ïܴУ麣١
ʱƽ̴죬бͣ˴Լ£ʱΪ࣬ϢʱҲ٣߰գѻص˶ɽԵڼҲ˲Σգڵ˶ԣ򲻹Ķûġ
߳ɽ󣬷ٲóԼķ
׼кʦȥɫͻȻһ٣Цʦ֣ҿ;羰Ҳһʱ䣬㵱Ϣˡ
һС꣬ڷʦܵһһСֻǰĿⶼѷǳϤô˵Ŀ΢ɫãʦԼǡ
ֻǰȥ߱˵ԳһƬģ
;УеڶɽǵһñȻȥϰҼһʵʦҲջķɣ
š
óһ仨о·ֲƽȥ볤һ¯ҩ
еֲʦοˣϧƽȻȥˣһ̽һ̽ʦ֣ƽ̸ı֮ڶɽˣȥҪҪһСܿɾͿӻˡ
Ц˵һ䣬½ļͷ˿ϵʮֺá
ʦҲǣϱ֮Ҫǵòǡ
õġ
˼䣬ͻȻ飺ҲôˣҸĵطϢһʰЩ׽ֻǳߣЩҳԱٹȵﶼҪˡ
á
Ȼͷ
˱һӿ֮ذ٣ԭʰ޲𣬷ٱ׼ȥԶֻ
뿪˴Լһңʰ޺õĲһĦ׼ȼѣٴ˿֮ʱͻȻƳһƬ
Ŀƽޱȣ΢΢һâ߻˺档
ȻϮ֮ӵĻ潫ճߵ¶ȡ
ıᣬཻ赲һ˲㱻
ֻһ˲Ųƿ
ˮСӴǺһֱӵϣˮۣѩɫ¡
ͷ˳һӣ츳̶ʱôҿѲĶ֡
˵ѹͣЩɳƣԻţһɫۣҲס΢ɫâϸܵ룬һһͷƤ顣
Խ
һˣȴŰɫۣͬȼŰɫ棬·һ㡣
ɡ
ûж˵ʲôֻ³򵥵֡
ɫٴŲƣ׷ϸ꣬Щϸܵͳײһ𣬲ѡֻ
ڴʱһӰӽ̽գۼ䣬ѳСӶ棬ովŵǴǧٿס
ٷץʦ֣ЦЩ
Ǻɱǡ
ϴһλشϴӣнǴҲһλشϣθȻλشǹԵġ
شʮжǸ߲㣬գƽһһעĿڴ֮شôãλҲ֪˶ãóλش͵͵ﻹ֪ɲʲô׵¡
ɼŶɱжġ
ֻߣɱǵ˱лҪࡣ
ЦӶλȴݱ
ɫ۵λͷҵȣ
۸ոŲƵٶȣӽ٣پȻҲ˾ֱ¡
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Цҵȱٽ٣Ҳڶ̶̰ɱλشϣҲСˣЩ΢ĩϿɱˣǲ֪ܲܶùƽ̵׷ɱ
Ļλ泤ɫ΢˶һۣ˵²Ϊ
˱ԤĶҪǿ
΢ѹɫâ
ܿоѹסֱ
Ťͷȥ΢΢Ȼɫ
ҡͷʦܣĪ׷Ϊء
һˣȻпս֮ҲҪսһʦߣ̲סЩԷϾλشϣϵطٶǺܿ죬⣬ǽͽ⡣
ٿ˼ûִ׷ȥֻ΢΢üʦ֣ܿó˵𣿡
һϵһϵʮֳԣǻ⴩һһߣ÷޴ӷֱ棬ʽҲ˵
ȻȷеĻش
ɫ΢š
ţ
Ŀס̲סźڿƽ̽õ֮һôɱǣ
׽ҲڣǱ͹ϵһͥɱǣЩ
ȴƶȷʵصúܺãϵͻϵԣԷֱ棬ǣһʮ߳ϣһʮ˳ϣ·ڵΣһ˫ɫߵѥӣѥһǻŵﳤԴǵȥģڰﳤ͵͵һۣͬ˵˵ʮ߳һϵ߾Ȼ˻õ֮ǴԼʮǰˣû뵽ϳ
ŶʱʮǢȻһʮ߳Ϲϵ׽Ļϵߣײ³ŵʮ˳ϡ
ϸ˵һ飬ٱҲ֪ϳġ
Ȼ벻ͨҪɱʲôô¹£켫ûҲֲʵƽƽռĺôȻˣ켫ͬǸã
Ǽü𣬽΢̾Ҳ֪ΪʲôӦûϴʦܣǵÿЩȥˡ
ŵĴҲлҪ⡣
š
Ҳô룬˹Ƽٶ˵ܿó켫ڵķʻȥ
Щʱգڻص켫ɽŸ
ɸտ켫ڵ˱㷢˲ԡ
ɽŴǿϢӳԶԶ
ȥɽͷվˣв˸ɽ֮ϣɫ̫ơ
ٺͽķŸոտ㱻ǿ߸Ӧ
վɽ֮ǰɫĮ켫ƽüӣΪһ֮˱ţʲô
ٺͽһۣɫ΢ࡣ
뿪С꣬ĹѶɳĹҲûƽ̸ǵĴѶ˵ĻɼЩΣˡ
ѵûƤЦػӦƽ̣ɨΧȺϤףɽǰϢǿӰ
ڣʮƽ̾ڡ
Ҳҿ˲̫ϳϡ
켫ƽҲмλİǿߣϢǿǷûмġ
ߣɽ̨׾ͷɫ񾲵ƽ̷ˡ
ƽ̷˺ǰΪϯûм˿Ҳˡ
켫ƽһ֮󣬺ܿ˵ĮڣĪգʾôţҲ̸䣬ģҵȲΪһС
˵ڵƽ̡
켫ƽɫЩѿһ䣺ôΪƾǼʤ
ƽȴ޶֮ɫֻЦɫ֡
˵ЦˣҵȲս㣬Ϊһ˵ܲΪ켫ƴ󣬱˰ɣ
ҪսսαҲ뱾Ტۣ
켫ƽȻɫЩѿȴδţٺͽСûȥ˼ɴֺǳ˶
ƺҲû˼
ٱѸߵߣСڣƽ̣Ϊǡ
ʲôǵģ
켫ƽƳһۣû̫ˣƾʲôεҲգǡˣҪڵʱʲôܵͷǿ켫𡣡
켫ڽЩһ˫ܣµҲʮ㣬ЩƲӵȻǺ̫ࡣ
Ǽñ˱Լõģرɽǿʳĵط
ǽգ
òģڡ
ʮƽۣжԵֻôüŶֵģϹۣȴ
˳ĻϸһȦվλ켫ƽ̵жԵʵҲƽ̡ƽ̡ƽ̣һ̬ͥЩ壬ƺϹۡ
λƽҪôȫǿ֣Ҫôǲ֣Ҫôʵߣƿء
ΣȻҲпܵģֻܾ˵ļʲ󣬵ڽƽûǷѶ˭֪Сɽջ
룬ٺͽɫ˽´ͬ켫ƽ˵֮ǰ¡
ţû
ʮ֮˾š
켫ƽЦһûзôߣֻĮȻ޷κˡ
ٺõͬˣվͬһš
ܿѹͬǴˣȥŽأ뿪
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Щ죺ôĴϣ
Ͳ´˽Ū
ǣƾĳҲ̳бλãƽʱ˶һ䣺Ŷûˣʲôƽ̣ҲϲĶסǶ켫ڵˡ
ӵȻ֪ٱ棺ҲĶ

ʱˣ˶Ҫ켫ƽôһ˲ֱˡ
ܿٵģܿ϶Ҳᵽ̶ֳȣҪϴҺʦһٸĺˡ
ƽ̶Ļ֮Աǣ㶮ʲôΪСӼҼҳ֣ûбܿ˼һָͷܴ㡣
⻰Ҳûʲô켫ƽ̻ûô⣬Щģ΢Цģˣǿ϶ߣʲô˼Һʦֿɲӣ֪Źˣʵ˹͵¡
ЦǺǵأɨһۣƣȥĹһˣҲ˲£֪ɣĹ˯һλϹħ֮أһλߣһλڶߣǿϹʱİ
һϲƽϣʲôжԡԹۡͬˣǶҿǷΧڡ䣬Ҿͻǣλ壬ɱһֻһʲôʮˣѵһʮţҪһܱλƽ̴أ˵ǲǣ
ЩǴ˵ģЦݣ˵Żӽӽͳһö
ƽ̱ΪߣɿһۣȻ֮
ƽ̲ѰߣϹض˽⣬ȻҲʶһЩġ
öͻȻЩ
˵ģ
İ
Цһز񣺡Ĺʲôˮ죬λϹǿߣһ
л˵
ƽ̣ȵȣҿݵģǧˡ
٣ҲݵİʲôͬھҪƽӮ̾ܣɵԺ󱨳ֱӵƽ̡
ƽ̣
#ƽ̵ĺô#


105 һ
̬״ Ȼв˿˳ۣڵƽε
ϴηնΫiı۰λƽ˵ûеʲôǲܵģ Ͷϲ ּ˿ƽЦ֮Ŷô˵Свһ֮½Կ֣Сӣ ǿɲǽ֣ 㵱ӿ
⻰˵÷ٲûסϵı飬 켫ƽ̸ɫѿ˭ӿ۾Ϲˣ Ķֻһ
ɤӣҲЦƽ̴˾ֻŻ㣿
ЦֱӰ׸
Ŀ⾼ ȴ ͸ƽ̴һԣһԡ
ģһҲ飬ǲ
ƽ΢ѹö ûж
켫ƽ̣ ֪Сȷʵʲôó Ҳɵӣȷʵ֮пǻŵ֮ ֻǷ˵Ƕ
ϻɣ ȴûóȻ¡
ټˣ ʮִ󵨵سЦƽ̴˼Ȼ£ Ϊβ飿
εɫ΢΢ã ǳĮȻڣ㲻¸᣿
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ٻԼڣ̹ȻԴ̾Ϣֻһ˲ֺܿ¶ЦʲôΪƽʲôΪλ컯ôһëͷСᣬˣȪ·Ҳƽ̣Կûڲ㡣
һζ켫ƽüֱ
ƽ̴ҧ˶ǲӱĲ磿
ֿεöƽνεⶫˣҲڲ㣬С޷죬ʮа˾˵ģĹȷʵħ֮ǣҪǲҵĻԼȥĹ
еĿŶȱȷٸࡣ
켫ƽȻҲ಻ʮŵƽ̶ϤԷ֪˴ʲôԸɫƽûпǿ˵ѡ
ƽĿ΢پЩ֡
ֶȥһƽ̻£ԵһСһ
ɫ΢ƺЩԥҪƽ̴ˣһЩʵöϹʱڵĶһЩڴŭλ˯
ȫǸôһأȴֲܺӣС˵Ǽ֤ܵ
ƽɫ䵭ĬƬ̣һ
ҪΪС仰γɳ⣬ȻԸǹ⼤Ը
ټ¶ڴĿⷢؿ
ԼƬ̣ƽöͻȻҹâһӰͶ
ֻһͶӰֱӶԻ
ͶӰеݿʸ߹ɰ߸ϣ覡ȴĮļµѹȸУڳ˶
޶űߣɱ⡣
⻰˵֮󣬰еͶӰȻɢȥ
죬ƽһö׸˷٣СĿ
Ϲŵڲ
ٵ˳ֽؽӽУΪʼٸߡ׵ûһЦӯ棬вЩ֮ɫòü
ֻԼжһ
ôǡôĻǷǰ󣬶Ϊö򽻸ʱѯһЩ⣬ȴ޶һЩСţոƽֱһʲôҲûд൱һ
ôĵλŹ֡
˷˽⣬ֻ˵Įʵûʲôɱ⣬´μôãҲ͹ȥˣλΪСͬۡ
ոǾ仰ֻһ䵥ľ棬֮ǰͬ˵׼ˡûʲô
˲֪
ԭ߷ݵ켫ƽҲһعѹסм¶̲סƿڴ⣡ǲŪλֶ״𣿻֪֪ӳ˯һĿ켫ڣ
Ϊ˿̵λþ켫⡣
֮ǰΪڲƽ̣üѣû뵽һλ
Ϲ۷ʱڣЩĩʱڵǿ߾ͺһ򵥡
˶
켫ƽÿڲԣƽ
һֱĬϹۣһ仰Ҳû˵ƽҲ¶֣ϵĻſƽ̻Ҫ֣ŷ٣̲ס칫ӣô£
֪ٹ˯ڶɽĹǷٹ˵ҲɸոλٹλʶߣǴĶðģ
ƽ̾ٹⲢͲĳ̶ֳ˵ٹϱͽûٹıӣֻԼӶӲˡ
ɫǳɨһۣЩģƽûһλ˯ĹУͬλħ֮һ˲òҲɣ
ƽ˵ʮֵòü΢壬ƽԼȴû˿оֻɫӻ֣̿˶ЩڳõսУͻȻ˿ƽȴ̿ڣҪ׷ţڴ˴ǵʲô֪Ҳ롣
˵µӷɿ뿪Ҳû˼֮ơ
ٶò΢¡
ƽһɫ֮ˣȻһ仰ųȻ֪Щʲôľٶ޶˵ظеĻš
Ƿʮνƽ뿪ЦƽߣյӵŰݷá
֮£Ĳ֮Գַ֮ơ
δ׼ֵĻƽɫ΢ڣСӣ˲ɣڡں˲άֹѣ㷢ʲô裿
ѩ
ƽɫȻ̫á
һλƽ̵ѵ⣬ȴη壬ȻЦӯӯأǰ˵СһǸ״֮ˣʲôͳں˶Ҫᣬƽ̶̤һڣҲͬҪ£켫ҪûˣλԹߣҲǷԹۻ׼̵֮˵
ɨƽ̣תָϵĽӽ䣬ЦݺͰᣬ⻹һöħλƽ뿴𣿶ˣǻ֪λħ֮ʲôӰɣ
Цų̾һɫؿ𣺡λɱˣ֮ˣȴѳħԼȺͬھħ嶼ûˣԼȺǰ벻뿴ܲ壿
ҿˡ
ȷʵˡ
һ仰˵꣬ͻȻĮһֱߣȻ
ħɻҷ΢ĩ޵񣬲֪˶ٴΣľǹݣǵ̤켫һĹħһ
л˵
ƽ̣Ҳǰɣ
٣ʲô㾹Ȼûݵģ
ƽ̣
ƽ̣˭Ϸô棿


106 ʦֵͻ
ؼž
˽ԿӲģ һϬĻƽҲû˵ֻĿעǷ
Ȼ˶֪켫ڵشϯǸӣֱһ̣ ˲Ŷȫµʶ
һشӣ Ŀ֮¡Ŀ֮Уɽǰвʮƽ̣ ǿ߿ ȴ񲻼 вһĵҡ
ͬŰ裬 ǿˡ
ʮƽ̶
ɽżţ֮󣬻켫ƽȿڡ
ƽɤӣ ŻЩ
ˣ ҲвλƽˣҪ̵켫˭ȥûôȻΪָǱú˵˵ Ҷç Ǻ֮ˣ ؿڱǴɱɱ˵
ƽȻʱƣͷ˵ⷬ һ˰һ˺ ձ㻺ࡣ
Ǳߣ ƽЩһ 㽭պҲ˵㣿
켫ƽ䵭Ƴ ǳЩεԸ⽲Ǹλ棬ΪǸʲôٶ˵һ䣬ƴҲҪɱ㣬ҵҪ˭ԸΪƴ
㡪
켫ƽ̸Ŀɨ٣СӺ̫ſҲ̫ϲĳЩµģپȻȫڽɱһµҲڣбҿ
ƽɫ࣬ȴŭ
С˵óõŴ䣬켫ڵҲֹһɱӺʹһŸϾɱպȻųЩʱҲǸ첻µزµͷնСӺһ飬˭֪ʲô
ƽ̲ģϾֲƾʲôе
˼ˣѹǿƽЩãҪ˵Ǳ˵ǵҪúһۣ켫Щʱ۸ڵġ
֣Ǻ֮
պЦһһӣˣ磬ɽſڡ
Ҳ˽ȥ
ˣԵ˱Ҳ˵ʲôƽ̺˵뿪ˣλƽ̺͸ǿ߶ڡ
켫ƽϯɽŸϯλݸϯݵ߱վϯУǸɴϯضҶߣҲôࡣ
ԻЩ֮󣬷ҲǸſģŽҲռһϯλЦݹ˳شյ켫ƽǰЦ常ϴβһֻϯʣµʳҲˣҺʦֿǲ۵Ҫóƽ̷ʳǳ԰
켫ƽ̲һ
˶Ӻӷ˻Ҫǰɣ㻹ûƽأЩ
΢΢Ʋ죬ֻصϯ䡣
Ǳߣ켫ƽ̻֣ȻԽԽĻСܴ
Ǽٳ˱񣬴֮Ա߽ʦܣﻹУʲôζģ
˶ϯǸӣ趼ѲݣʦȻʹǰûκ֮һΪţ֮ģᶮ
˵Żӽӽó˲ʳдģҲ֮ǰ·Եͨޡ
Ŀһ˿ɽſڣǿ߻ţɣżֻɽΣҼǵſⷿﻹмֻģҲֵʲôǮƽֱӴ͸Ǻˡʦ֣һ˿ǲףҪúòԵ嵭ģȺٿֻԣֻͲɴ϶㣬⻹еϡ
óٱóһѵϡ
ЩĿУѰ˸̶ЩߵʦȥѰƳߺȡɽΣƽҺĸѧһʱգɣʦúϢ
ô˼ء
Щؿһ䣬ȻʦߵһߵĿյϣʼЩʳ
˾۾ֲҽо˵ڡ
ﶼĮϯſаû뵽ʦֵ˽¾ȻôദģűࡢǲȾˮ콾Ȼϴ˿ҲĿ⡣
ϯ£ƽ̶ԼЦЩˣȲ˼
켫ƽɫѿýĵĦ
ֲºԼĶ۸첲աԼΪȥʳ¡
ǰŸվܾ˶Ҫ󣬺ŽԶ֣˭أ
ؿھ˺һպǿԼŲĿ⣬ν۲Ϊ
ǱѵܹĻ棬ɫָǳίߵĻ㲻Ҫ˵ˣȻֻع㿪ڣܽȻܣܣĶĶȥҲѪߡ
صϣȥԹ۵ļλƽ̣켫ƽ̶ڡڡƽ̽ɫȻƽȿڣǰѾ˵ˣպǴ޶ɱڵ峤ϣ˵ɥĲ֮²ڣеڵӿսŸٳѵⲻ֣
޶ˣ
켫ƽЦεҪ治׾ͱ죬ҪװףĿŲűҲȥɱһˣ
պ̫ˣ
ƽĿʢŭһİϯŭ˿ҵ㣡
졣
켫ƽ䶢ЦȫȻȥֻ޾ᡣ
ڴɱӣ๼Ϊ֪ûвδۣٶ˵һ䣬Ҿ͸ɱڴˣ
̫
ƽؿھŨصŭӿΧӶоѹ
ǱҲ΢΢üַסЩ¯ӡ
ټ˱˸С켫ƽߣͬλǿ߲һ˽¶⣬ȴϲЦտ
ϯӽӽȡһһö׵öǸոյѶöûϢ¶Ҳ˵ֻöȥº͵λǰҶǺ֮ˣα˶ŭˡ
˵һ䣬ֿ켫ƽ̣ҲƽҲʵҾƽ̴˵ҲеôˣҲǸ⳥һЩҿ鱦٣⼸ƽ̰ɡ
ôˣ
켫ƽüͷ𣬿ĿЩá
ȴЦȼ۽ˣ𣿡
仰ӵ˿ΧԹ۵ƽҲмλĿ΢
ԶǳüԳ֮ɫͥƽ̵ɫһ콾
仰ûһֱ̬һֲû
ٻʮòسǱһжȣлƽ
ʩʩȻ£ɫһƬ㣬ü۽ǻЩа⣬Ŀ֮ɫԡ
Χ˿Ⱦһ˿ɵ߻Щ־֮ɫ֡
̸ЦѪɫȾ
ǰ˶켫츳ھһ֮ףŴٳ˲Сķͷ˾ֻΪɽһλҲ츳ֶȴλϯҪʴ̫࣬ٴӣ켫˼ɵ֮ˡ
Ժ˼ܣĳЩʱ켫ƽ̻Ҫܻóȥʵڿ¡
һ˫ܣжԵҲˣ˹ϵ켫ƽִ˾ȻҲ·պƽ֮λҲĶӡ
뿴Σľȴˡ
ء
һƬѪУ켫ƽɫ򶨣֣Զͥƽ̵λãǵ񾲲ˣֻ»벻˵ֵۡ
벻ۣ¼û뱾֮ˣֺøһ˫ܣ¡
ͥƽỺ䵭һǻ¸֮У˲ͬ
켫ƽ΢ѹĿѵЩɵδ¶ϣֻЦ˵ЦˣСӿɲ֮ˡ
䣬߷̽˵常ῪЦ
켫ƽϵЦ΢ͷ죡
ںͥƽ̽쵰ʲôƽ޹ʴơ
ɷȴʮ޹˵ʵӣҲ°ɣ
ֻһӣĪҪʸ
켫ƽʮϽػ˹ϵ
˶ӣСӾǲ˳ۣҲ˳ۡ
ðɡ
һ̾ɽ￴˿˿ᡭ
Ҵ˵Կ
ȷ˵꣬켫ƽһסӣѹСӣǺջˮĵ¹ˣȥʸˣŲҽվͰȥ
Ȼ޹գգۡ
ƽûĿȷʵѹȸУֻøĿڵ˵˵ѣȥŷˡ
㻹м
ƽɿĲ½ĿͶϡ
Щͣû˼ίߣֻعҲһҪ㡣
ƽĿڱʮ֦ͬһţڲ棬شϴɱӺϯŴɣ֤֤ڣҲɱһڳʮֿˣȻˣұúһ㣬켫һ˵ձ´ȥɱ䣬ƣҲ˵ʲô
ͷٲδ䡣
ƽЩ߿ǳ˽ԾҲ콾˽ȴףڣɱ峤ϣ񾹻ҪҸһ˵£
Ŷԭɱôףɹ´󼪣ʧ˾Ͷһϣ˵һ˽˶Թ켫ƽЦ˼Ǵϻ

ҲԱ߸䣬˹άɽСˣЦӯӯڣƽ̣ˣʦûʲô£ӿ˲ˣûǾתˣǾתҳŲǿסǲǸǡ
켫ƽЩ￴һۡ
ǰѱ˵ɵˣʲô߾תҪţҲôģһ㶼ʵʡ
ճȭ켫ƽִֵ˿ȣĮȻ˵ʲôֻһţ˱һ꼫Ϊֲʧȷʵ⡣
ǣңǴˡ
Цӯ棬ͬƽһһͣöƽɫࡣ
ǰɵ
Ĭ죬Ǳƽ¿ڣô˵켫ǲҸ˵ˣ
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˵Ҫȥ
ƽֲǲ֪ʲôֶ밤ȵСӣ㲻вݺ֮ʱ̣Ϊöܺ£Ǽǣ켫ڣϹǿ߳Ҳˡ
⻰˵Щˮƽ
ȻЦЦЦ̣ƽ˵ʲôĵģöʮɵҲ԰ҪڣҲв˵˭Ǳͬھ񲻿գѵ󲻹Ķ
ƽɫѿغܣȴʲôҲû˵
ٸһóȥͬھŪԼⲢҲôǽպҲˣΣʱ̣¸໹һԴδҲֻзӰɥĶʱó档
ħһҪŪ
ƽ̲ЩȱȱƲƲ죬ͻȻû£۽ǱߣȤӻȥˣʦֵղ˱ǡ
ͻȻת壬ٴθֳŷɫȴǶ켫ƽ˵ġ
Ц常λ֮˵λᣬ㲻ˣžתɼǵðֻأҪûеĻҿǻ̻ġ
гöһ󱬵ľٶЦת뿪
뿪ƽߣٽŲỺ¹΢Ц֮ɫˣķȥݸ죺ʦ֣ã㰡Ҵǰ֪ء
ߵ¯ߣƵĽͷҲδ̧ƽͻһ䣺ʦϲպ
ðð
֮Ҩ΢΢Щһڣ޵úȡ
ȻְǰСӰᵽ˽ţһߺһ߿ƣżһƽǱߡ
˼ֱ֮һһãպгزˣΧšĮķΧر𣬱ͬ磬ϯԵϢ嵭ࡣ
ֲġסȴ⡣
ٺһһߺͽѧϰ⿣һĿͬ˵ʦ֣ͻݡ
л˵
٣ʦ֣ޣǣ

٣⡭ááȻá
ϯ
#װƻзԣ#
ƽ̣ˣһɡ


107 г
ͻһЩ֡
ɫ΢ ûϣֻ΢ЦʦҲչʦʦǣֺҡ
ֻʦܵչ˲ô棬 ϴˡ
Щ˼ЦЦ ͬţʦɷˣ ô
 źˣ ǰʱǸôϸµˡ
ܾؾǴ֮ е𽥱仯ࡣ
΢΢Щ˳Ҩһ
ڰƼ飬ΪҪľϣ ˼裬 ԷЩȴɣһͬ˵һֽؽõļڿƼϣȼ ȿơ
Ϊ⿣  ࡣ
ŰѼȥˢ˼ϣŨζ 嵭һ
ٶʹᣬ ̾ã ž;úóԡ
һǼɫŨĽɫͷḻ֬ ֵϵһ ʸУٿˮҪˡ
СıٹȵǲҪЩʳӪҲڸ֮ʵǿﵭóˡ
ٿ˼ٱ룬һŽҧ¼飬׽£ݵóԣҶҪˡ
Υζȷʵӯ֮С
õյԱߵ﷽ȡ˼µķϼӿƣЩſ
ǱݵģȾЩʧЦʦЩʱܿˡ
ûá
һͬ˵һѸٽʳһ˺üʱ̸Ļ
ʦ֣ãųԺЩúóԶˣԺҪ̰ˣòã
á
ӻͳһݸĴǵԣ졣
ָָԼĴλãʾһ¡
ٱ˳߲£ŷԼԵ̫죬Сİմࡣ
ɾЩ˼س彭ЦЦллʦ֡
ӹ˵Ľ÷һԣż˵ʦݼĸףˣҴȥĸ׵СԺ˵ʦܻûĸף͵Ļĸ׺ϲ
ǼͦΣٻδƽ̷ˣֻš
ô˵͵͵ƽ̵λãѹյСͬ˵ʦ֣ƽ̡
á
Ӵ˳Ȼͷ
Ǳ߻ƽ۵켫ƽƺУʶŤͷһֻۣͷӶЦû˵ʲô΢΢üתߣѾŵǰϡ
ˣҾҲûʲô˵ˡ
պɫ䵭Ȼ˷ʱ䡣
κβңҲʱκβǣ˵ȥ˷ѱ˴˵ĿˣʹΪֹԹۻ֮նա
˵ʲôƽ̣һ䣺СҪľתԼŰ죬ҾͰȥСӱҸʲô¶ó
ƽɫѿغܣŭžתպǲΪұ㶨ȻҺͬھ
֮жû٣켫ƽ֪Ȼóôֵ࣬һţǵߣⶫҲҪСԼã֮Ǹ鷳㡣
԰Ҳ˵ֿƽ̣Ϊڳͷ֦ͬȻһ壬ұĿԴ
ƽɫҲ̫ÿ
Яƶڣ̬ͥǿţҲΧ֮⣬ҲһƫСӽ˾֣ڲٳ֣ͥȻֻƾΡᡢڣǸ޷֡
˵켫ͬʱսڶܣȫ֣켫ڱ𣬵켫ʵǿûѹָҪѰһģ켫ڵʵһֻԸһڣǱȻҪһˡ
ǺıȻڻû׽ϣ˭ԸΪ֮ˣ˱ЩνŵĲ´Ьġ
֮£Ǻֵľ
ֻҪ޹
ƽ΢̾ĿɨԶ΢Ц̸ķٺͽˣݸЩ
ĬƬ̣ƽ
ĮҲ䣺Ȼ޷óûȥˡ
֣
ƽ̵ǻЩʣһˣƾƽ̣Ҫѹƽպ
ƽ̿һֻۣ𣿽ٶ˵Ҳ˷ʱѣҲˣֺαѵ㻹Ȥȥ켫ںһ裿
˵ȥʧǰ
һ뿪ʽ
켫ƽи˼ȥǱСĿǳ˹֣֡ͬһźһ
ƽעã뿪
Ȼ޻˵
ֻ¼ƽɫ粻˶ˣԹ۵ƽ̱Թˣ΢΢ҧֻպұ㿴һա
˵ɨٺͽǱߣһ䣺ӣ档
˵뿪
ˣƽ̻Ҳûʲô˼ֶˣҲ׷ǡ
֮ǰŴϺһ켫ڵĻƽεƽŽպмӣһһŵ֣Ҳǲܰ㣬֪Ĵ
켫ƽ⻰ջ𣺡˵ˣֻһӣǻ˶ҵ֣
ɻƽȴֻһȻĿ⿴ߵ˱˻ԣҪңӡ常ӵǽеУպ˶Իǣƣ㵹ãŪʲô֣ǽҿˡ
ѩҵҥ
ǡƽЦһηֻĿڣ˹Ȼ޳ܣϣޡ
˵ת뿪ʧֻ켫ƽ̱ŭޱȡ
Ů˵ʲôб˵һ飡
ųһƬѸٰƽĪҪƽϣλͳĶֲǲ֪ڻµء
λ죬˵˵켫ƽڱ˱ۣ
΢΢³һϡ
ǰֻɫЩɻ󣺡ƽ̣
켫ƽִ̱֮ף쵰ٸһ常͸Ұѹ£ʮ֮ٷųҿҲҺʸ
ɫ΢ʶǱڳԿȴΪƽ̵Ļ̧ͷϯ
˶٣ƽ̣СҲ׽ѣѵ䣬ԺͲ˵ˡ
ߣ
켫ƽ̼Ϊã̧ͷڱԳԳԣ֪ԣ˶ոŻ˭أ㡣ֿҲ֣һӣδļ̳ˣ֮λڸʲô쵰ǲвҪҪɴȥԺһΪһΪϯͲЩ׵£λǰɣ
žһѣѷٶˡ
ͺ˼⣬ôƽôĪǸոͬƽʱί
Ŀ޹ʶʦ֣Сѯʣʦ֣ʲô𣿡
ȴ޶ݣƽƿڴȻɫǳô޷ʦܲ⡣
Ŷá
룬ɴƽ¶һЦݣȻԶʦֿļɺóˣų֮һɲ˷ˡ
һƬ˱УؼƷ˻Խʦ֣ʣµЩԸһЩ
á
Ȼ˳һЩϣ˿ʣµļ⡣
ƽǱߵռֱ֮
˶ʮֵûаƽ̵Ļϡ
ǼϢ֮󣬼켫ڵӶһŭ

л˵
ƽ̣ҲҪ𣿰ôǿʲô֮һ֮һ
ʦΪŸࡣ
ƽ̣ھ뿪ǰ
٣õģҳ꣬ʦá
΢Цʦϲͺá
٣жۣʦá
ƽ̣
ƽ̣ãߣ˰ɣӶٿ
#ƽ̽ձŭ#


108 
Ŷɹһ٣ ԭһ£켫ƽȴȫ˲
Ϊг Ǹ˵ģ ˶ΪҲˣɷܵи߲ǣ
ֻ˹ϵЩ һֻ۱һֻҲûʲô Ƿǻ˶Ӻת
иջˮ ƴӣ ʦҲˣƽļˣһִýɽ˵ĸо
ͷһСµǶ ʲôû̵ ˲գƫԼ֮£֮ȥǻ˶ϴܲ
ֻҪʦֵӶЦĻ棬;ǰһڡ
ϱʲô ôԩ֣  ԩ֡
ƽ̰ؿڴϢ£ǱȻһƽ һ޹ ˵Ŀʹ
ԱϻСȰƽ̣ Ƕˣ ģ ʵٹЩҲûʲô
ϵĻ켫ƽ׺ݵĿ˻ȥֻڨڨ죬ʹա
ʵϿƽϯΪҲûʲôã˸ʵڲֵûʲôպۼλ֮£ƽ̺ᣬֻҪٲšкϵ£ϵϵҲЩ΢ʣȴҲ̫Ͽ
㶮ʲô
ƽʹļף˶иǲһԣǸǸ֮ˣʱʲôǸ
ɡҿӺϵ
ڣ
ƽƳǱ⿺õˣѹС˼ܣ˾һӳȣɱȴˣʱ˻ҪǮ
Զԡ
ðɣƽ˵ҲûеűƽҲı䲻̫࣬ǰƽ̿ϯʹҲЭࣿ
ʱǨ˭֪δأ
Զˣ¶ЩǳЦ
Σڵ켫ڶⶼǺ¡
켫ƽ̿һǻŭȴ֪ηй˶ͥңгϡ̫ϳҲĻ죬úú顣
ǣƽ̡
΢ЦףĿƽ̷ȥ
ƽ뿪֮ߵٺͽߣƵӺϯгĽǱ켫ڵδ
񣺡ˣҵȶΪŽ߾ȫ
û˵Ŀеƽ͸¶Щº͡
ϱͷŵƽٻ˴ͥ
ãԺ
뿪֮󣬷£һ߳һͬʦ˵ʦ֣ƽ̺ӣᷣȥ°ɣ
ᡣ
󼸴ڿϣֻһˮ֣ϴɾͬ˵ʦΪΪţƽ̻׵ģֵ֮飬޸ɣһִƽҲԽ
Ǿͺá
ٿٵؿ󼸴⣬سʦ֣á
ϸЩЦ⣬᣺ҲǱ֮ҰˣʦܴΣұʦΡ
ţҺʦԶǺֵܡ
ͷ֮Ҳ֣ʣµĶʰã߽ɽţͥȥ
ΪһǵʱϺΪĵǻѾˣ̤ţڸߴ켫ƽôһ㣿ٵȰʱ
ɫƽûʲô仯ٵǵü˳ۣҲƽֻ̣ʦһվǰͷ
ĻǸһ䡣
ֻ˰ӣûаʱƽſڱߣǿ˳ۡ
һ䣬켫ƽҲûж˵Ͼ˿¡
ɨˣԵͳӺϯ;λشϴɱϣŵʮ˺ʮ߳ϡ
ʲô
Ͼüͷ壺ƽ̣᲻ŪˣһǽãΣҲδ֡
֪˼ӱϣʮ֤ݣǲǣʱһȻˡ
ƽʾԼ˵
Уȳλϳһ񣬲Ž֮ǰͷ˵ֽһ顣
ʽȻʲôȴﳤƣ¼ֻһʮ߳䣬򲻿ܳڱϣһʮ˳ҲܶԵϡ
̫ɺϼͲɺˡ
Ȼ೤ϻţȴҲףʮа˾žˡ
вɫ
ڽö꣬гȻҲཻãв˺ŵĳֿѣһĿȷЩ˽ܲˡ
һֱǴɱϯҪ켫ڵδѲʱˣıѾãԥһֱҪɱ
д켫ڵԲţ
ϼΪ߿
켫ڴڡЩ̫׽ȷʵ׺ҵ侮ʯҲûУϾɽǿʳɣɶԴšЩöȴʵ御
ΣʱΪԱпԭûʱǾ˺ıӺ
ƽ׶Ĵ֮ƣǼƽΪαǣҪŪǷҲˣһжǼԶ֮ݲǻ˯
Լǡ
ƽѵͬ˴ϵĻĿͶͷϣΪҲоǱڵ䣬˵˵ǵĿ
¾ʱƽ̺ٲ˽
˽ĿⶼͶϡ
ƽ֣Ըȥ̽һΡ
ֹʦ֣ȥ̫ΣˣһƽԮȲʱ֮Σȥ¶ЩЦݣﵽǼɵĶʦֶЩա
Сüͷ΢壺ִɱ㣬һöҲǲܶᣬһΪ켫ڣǿڡ
ܱʦֶЩգʦˣȥĹ֮
Ҳðա
˵Щʲôȴƽ̴ˡ
켫ƽ̰üģˣֲ֮̽òҫֵ
ɫڨڨ
ҫˣ˵ºòãƽɫ۾˭оڴ̼
΢ͣ٣̾ƽ̣ȥ̽ײᶯֻ֣Һʦ֣Ҫȴʵ΢лܳǣǾԥ
ı
켫ƽȻҲףҡͷСǴ룬֪˲ô룿ô֪ǲ̽ܳ㱩¶ĿΣĿıѴˡһûδţξ֮У
ٱĿ¶忴Ĵָƽ̣ǸհԶܼ
켫ƽһ롣
쵰ʱ˻˼ʸ
ƿĿ⣬ȥſаȴŹάɫףν۲Ϊ
ϣȥΪŴϣΪλ֮ףͬأʱӦ㣬һʲô£ͬϴԮ
ƽɫ£ȻһʹϲԸɴ˿ȴ˸еŷ
΢ĬһϢͷãϷһˣ䣬ҲΪŶɣƽƴ֮һ
켫ƽû˵úȥһ㣬бڣ䡣΢٣ּһ䣺ȥѩŮһ𣬷ȻˣЩ
¶ЦݣȻỳƽ̣ƽ֮һЩ΢ʣ֮£ǹġ
ȷûлɣʱ´ǰԹͬĺպʱų켺Ҳ䵱켫ƽˣô˵ŶЩãչµӰˣ²ʮʮİգΣջеġ
ƽĿҲ
֪ϼһﻰŻһ翴٣ǲ̫˳۵ģΣЩԹҲ㲻ʲôˡ
Ƿٶ⣬һ䣺ƽ̣ʲô˭
ƽ켫
⵹֣˶켫ڣžȻԸϣλƽ̹ȻǸŮˣٹ˵ûпȥôƽҲܿЩ
ٻϸ˼ȴ켫ƽ̶¶ЦЦĿ⣬˭Ȼ֮ӣ֮ף켫ڵĽ
٣
ƽŨü۵ľһҲѧἷҷˣȻǸӡ
ɫѣң
㻹˭СѾͷʲôĲ㣿˼ϯҲϯãȢûŵİǾ

ټֱ
̲סеˡ
ȢһҲ޷켫ƽȴȻ䣬ɫ޶ݣΣʮ˭˲֪ǰȢǼģҲһ˼츳ȼĺãСˡ
ûУ
ί⣺Ƕ֮ǰˣƽ̣һϲģɱҵԧס
ߣ
ỹãһƽ̱Ʋסڱ㻹˼˵ӺͼڵĻ˭ƵģΪº˱һûһñٲٵģϱʲô
ȿȡ
Աѵƽ̣Щ˽˵ɡ
ѵ켫ƽ̻عѺĻ
ίˡ
ǺʲôϵƽҺͼĶûˡ
֪
켫ƽҲ˳·йһеҲûԵϣµ˭ΣҲʲôԼǸֵģʲôöҪΪٺ͸𹴴ԼӲ˳۰ˡ
΢΢˶ƽת⣺ˣ֮պ˵ѩŮ˲εִѡ񡣴±ôˣɴϳ̽Ҫ뿪ţͷɱǵġ
Ҳ΢΢ͷ
׼಻ˡ
ٿһڴж֮ȴٴοڣӻǾòס
ȻǻõĹϵ˵ʵλȷʵԣһ·Ҳ˴ϵķ֣뽭䣬ǷٲԸġ
ƽüõѡ˵ȥգŲȡ
֪
ٵ˵ͷ¶һ˿Цݣиõķ
ʲô
켫ƽ벻ʲôõķ̽
ȴûϸ˵ֻЩЦݣ³֣ڡ
⻰ֻƽ̺ܶ
һֱֱ˿ſڣʦָ
ΪηҪԼȥ֮̽һԣƽţ֪ƽڡڡںıҪڼ룬ģȻ¶
⻰ƽĿ΢Ȼʲô
´Щɻ󣺡ٶƽ̾Ǻιϵ
֮ǰŴ䣬λƽ̱谮мӣЩ֧˵ⷬ
ʮ֮һƽ̴ˣ¶ȻԼΪأʵ벻ʲôɿλƽôȻҲô롣
ƽûпڣ˴ϣû˿ڡ
ٲδֻͣҡҡͷƽ̹֣ƽΪΣ
켫ƽü壬ڤ˼ãŵȥ˵ƽڣ٣ֱû㣬λƽҲʲôദģںӱߣвʪЬ߲ʲô
֮ǰĹУٶ˵ƽ̵£СӴ˼¾͸ȥڲƭһƽ̣ؼǻɹˡ
˼Ҳɵӣһٶһᱩ¶Ǳ֣ƽʢŭֻ֮»ȫʬ
֪ƽ̵ĵǣƽ̲عġ
ٲһɫţл͸֮ɫ𴽽ǣаΪȫȻڲƭλƽ̰ɣҿûУλƽ̵Ҳ֪岻ΪһˣϹʱڵİǿߣħ֮ٹҲǰ˵λ
ȥĹֻ̽ȷʵλħ֮Ҷƽ˵ĻҲȫǼٵģԷģҳ֣Ϊûκ壬ҿ˵
ƽûʲô¹µ뷨ֻ빶ţȹԼӣɱְٺһ¡
˵֮켫ƽ̹עķ£Щ˼λħ֮
ʵ߶Щλ轭崫У˵Էûô壬ڷҪ壬ǰɽſ˵Щ켫ƽ̲²ǳƤΪҶ˽⡣
ħ֮Ͳһˡ
һżУλѪ顢Įпᡢʬ۵ĴڣϹʱڣħ֮ɲֹ¾壬޴µʬ˵ϹʱڵսĪϵ˵һλ֮¾壬ʮţûκһ˻ỳɡ
پȻһλųĹ켫ƽ֮ǰһֱΪߣֻλˡ
ƽ̱죬а΢΢һ٣ɫ޹ǰ֪ħ廹кö˻أһλħ֮´󽫣һλٹϹǿߣϢɲ⣬˵ȾѪֻһۣĿ֮¡
˵Ա߽΢΢üеʦôûͬ˵
Σյľ
ټüЦ㵣ǣڲûʦ㲻õġ
üһŵ´Σͬȥ
á
ЦŵͷԵʮ׽
˵꣬żƽ̣ٴι֣ƽ̾Σҿⷽȴȥ̽ף׼ұȥһˡ
ƽ̷űĻס˵˿عûи϶Ĵ𸴣Ȼ
ɨٴЦףƽɫʮֳأû̽ʲôھȥݷڡͥλƽ̣ͬһȥšħ֮ŵѣ˶һҲֲػʱ򻹿ʲô֮սӻΪ֮ǰߣôҪ£ڲ˵ң
Ŀһ
л˵
ƽ̣ǰɣԻɽ㲻˵ʲô̽̽λ嶼ҪˣǲǱѻҿǸӡ
٣
٣ɽǰ˵ˡ
ƽ̣Ҷ죡ǲΪŻô֪ģ˭֪С¾ô˵ˣ㶼˵һ
٣
٣СƱƣǹӣС
#һ#
#ЩŨü۵#


109 ˵ĸ
һĳ֮µϯЩûӦ һϢŻعƽ˵ʲô
ħ֮ϹŰǿߣ б ɱ¾޾ʬǰĴڡ
ôһλ֪Ƣǿ߸Ȼͷȴ£ ֮ʲôһ˫ܶԺ
ϾٺͽɳҪʱ䣬 λǿ߸һ֮䡣
嶼иΣ ʲôʮŲŵģ Ҫ
ΪٹϤΣûôأҪ»֮Σ
ֻû뵽ƽô ̾Ҫȥںͥ
̴ǰҴϰɡ
ƽƳһۣ 侲ִܾԶ٣ֵСҲţ֪ǹϵĲ٣Ҳ档
˵ɨˣȸְ ȱ顣
䣬 ƽʧڵС
˶ʱ۷׷
ûȥ˵ʲô ݽסûϵƽͻȻô˵ƽ̵Ļ޲ס
֪͸ϵȷʵ٣ ʱ̣ һֻȷΣգ ͬʱţ
Ӳ֮䣬 ȴԽҲڣʦܣ ںδ
һʱ֪λش𣬵ʯ֮䣬һͬʦ֣ǳȥ˵
ԼҲʶﲻ˵ĺõط˵ͷʦ߳
ԶˣߵƧͣ½Ų
ٴεҲţסĸ׵СԺ
΢΢ĿƺЩĬһƽĿеͳʦ롭
δ֮ûݼ䣬δȫ˵
ü΢ԭ֪Ļʲô˼ڿüȻʱͻȻʶ˵ʲôƽһ˲ЩæͣʦܣҲ˼ֻǵ
ʦֲ˵ˡ
ֹ֮ĽͣȻЩȴƽδֳʲô߷ŭŽ棺֮ǰڴ֮ұ˵ʦ롭䲻ԸҲԭʦ֣ϾطǾôķϣϧ
Ҳ˼ʦܣҽ͡
ȷʵû˼ᣬٴοڣֻǵģ֮䲻κΡ
ֹĻ
޷ġ
ע۾ȻǰСº͡ΡƽȾЩȻ޷Ҳ⣬ʦֲضˡ
ͷ˵һᴫѶ켫ڣЩʱ࣬Ҫչأʦ֣ҪһʱˣԵҲõģһ˵Ϊѡ
ҡʦܡ
޴룬𱡺죬Ȼ֮ǰͺʦ˵ҲȥãٴȻ֪ôͣû˼
ϣħУ˲ԭ֮£ʵ磬ر֣ȥƻʦܺĹϵҲʱδ˽ԭΪˣ˺ʦܡ
ɷʦȴˡ
˿ǿ˶񣬾һҪ˵Ӹ켫ڣֻǵصİΣûκԵ뷨
ʦܣҡ
ټҪڣۼֿһ
װԼģͳֳϿҵʦֲ˵ˣ˵Ҳ㡣ˣұأԵֻڶ⣬ʦֲظҡ
ʦ
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ɫ΢ĿȴʮּᶨȽĻ˵ڣѸתŲɿ죬̼ʧ١
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Ժ
켫ƽֻոպһЩٴѪѹ̲ס ظһ˶ԺȻң 㵽ǲˣʲôС⣿

΢ ˵꣬ Ȼƽڣף ˣҺֻΪ˵˼䣬֮ûʲô㺡
ûʲô㺣
켫ƽԽԽͥԺ˺üԪ˭ߵģһ˺һŮ˶˼֮ף˵ʲôû㺣ǲǻˣΪӿǻˮøУûʲô㺣ҽʲôڶˡ
յѵһ΢΢ѹסǿƽЩҲһ䣬Ǹ㲻ȫ޺øУغµ飬Ըʲôǲ뿴ҽҾźã
⻰˵أȻƽ̹˵ǣԴӽˮ÷һֱ̫ãòеͷľԴȻ˵ʲôֻѡ
ֻѣô˼ʲôֻʲô
ǸˣοԼӵ˼ֻЩʱ̫ԭ򣬲˼ܣžҪ¹һˡ
˵һ٣켫ƽ̲ųƽ΢΢³ͣ½Ųɫ䵭Žڣ̻ȥ˵ﵢ顣
üûɿԼɬãŵͳظҺֻѡ
ǲ
ƽ̴û˺ɸֹǰȴ˲֪ϧúˣ̧ƾһͷϡ
ƽ̴ˡ
ԺŴöŮ
ɫ¶ŭݣЦƽ̴˺α˶ŭ˲ͬǽȻӣǱ㲻ˡ
⻰һά
Ǽ˵ά֮⣬켫ƽŭЩ˸䣬ƽ̵ͷҲƽࣺҲˡ
ҾõӲŹˡ
켫ƽȻЩ̫˳ۣȿٺ࣬ϾǺԼǣŮӣ㳩ڣͥԺҲýЩزǡ
Ҳãƽ̴˼¡΢΢һ񣬲Ȼϸƽ̲Ҫŵʦܡ
ˡ켫ƽ̱Ҳûֵ˼һ䣬Ѹӹ£ѯʣȻҲˣԼ˵˾Σ
ף
ʸ𣬡޹ء
޹أⷬģ˭
ƽЩҲЩСľ𣬿ʵ̫ʦһֵۣҲ˵ⷬΪż
ʵԵϲ⣬Ƶϳȿţ켫ƽʵڲ֪ΪʲôϷٺ͸ϱģһ˰˰ٸӣǶ֣
ƽ˵ǡ
ȽڣЦƳһۣȻ̾ҺϯѾֿˣҲʲô£֪һΪãЩ첻Ը˳Ȼá
˵ⷬǼ֮ǰ뽭˵ģȰٺúÿǿǺͷٵĸ֮£켫ƽȴֻע⵽˵һ䡣
ƽ֮ˣΪݵ¶ɫѹͷǻˡСķֿˣ
СİԣǲúģɹϵӵĻ£ƽ̱㲻òš
Ҫ֪ǰΪٺ͸СԶҲֻֿгճķݣϣ
ЦЩźȴǵ˵ͷԳһƬ̹ȻҺϯһ·һһ׽ˣʵҲʲôֿˣǶҲûʲô̫𡣡
಻Ǵ±ðˡ
ƽȴ̲ס¶ϲɫ
Ļȷǳ󣬲ֻһ˲ƺôЦ̫ãֻЦ⣬Ȱο콾֮֮¹̰ˣҲ̫ģиõǰ
⻰ֻû˵ҶӱȷٸãҲ
üͷúȴ˵ͷƽ̴˵ǣҲģҺϯҲδһͬľ
ָǷֿ
켫ƽ̲סͷʵѹסϢ֮ǰյģྶͥұ߿𣬷ֿҲ賳֣ҿ츳ɢ޵࣬뱾£ΪĹŵӣԺҲӵʦˣ˶׽׽ҲǺ¡
ףʵЩȥƽ̵˼ֻû
졣
켫ƽƳգۼϣǱĶӣɱͽҲֲɣ޹ء
һ䣬Ŀиֳѵõº֮ɫ
ЩʧЦû뵽Ⱳӻܿ켫ƽ̶º͡
Ȼҡҡͷлƽ̺⣬ֻԸʧˡ
뱾£Ҳ㡣
ƽ̻ȡһ£ȴֻ΢Цٿڡ
ͷˣȻٺòõë޶ײ޶һˣҪǰƽ£պٲͬʱ֣Ե̫ˡ
ֻܺܡ
̫źˣѵƽϵݸɵĺûᡣ
־ᶨ켫ƽϵº֮ɫ࣬Ҳûкüԣֻ䵭ЩֿԼĶӣȻˣɫ磬Щȥɣڱôˡ
ü΢ɣȴͻȻһ£ƽ̣ǰȥţ֪ˣ
Ƿͬ˵ģ
ǣϯļұҵļңȻźܰƽ£ȴҲ̲סļ֡
⻰˵ʮ飬漰٣켫ƽҲţͣŲȥݷںͥţƽȥһĹδڣĹԵܸ֪һħ֪ûڲƭǡ
ʮʱῪսˣἸʱڶںͥͬѹƣ˻ѡΪ˷ֹ⣬òҪ뿪ţ뿪ҲСģѰ˻ٳȥ
켫ƽ޾ϸȻûа켫ڣȴҲ֮˵һ顣
ͷ֮ƽ̣տɷȥһˣ
ڣ
켫ƽüȥĶʲôŲǷСӱˣ粻֮࣬ȥкã
Цƽֻ֪ϯƽǣ֪ûУҪƽ̽һλʦá
Ҳʲô£켫ƽ̲ǲܴӦʵڲ֪Ҫȥʲôħ֣ʮʱսǰ˵ƽ̣ĿǰľҲûʲô̫棬οĵһ¡
ƽ̿Աߵӣɤӣܵյ˵Ȼȥɡ
ֻ޲̰ԭ·ͻأӡ
üһֱδ£ǸʧЦǱȸˣƽ򰲡
켫ƽģֻûְֽдϣȻҲٶ˵Щʲôټơ
֮߳ƽ̵ͥԺƽ̳Ŀ⡣
ɫ֮£û̻󣬻У֮ͬǰһ
΢΢Ҹ׵Ļ⣬ûʲô⡣
᣿
ЦʵƽЩ˵Ҳûʲô۽⣬Ӳǰ˵ˣͬϯֿ˹ͬľһ⣬ֻһԲһҲδһ£ɽַֺ֮ϺϣҲûС
ĻҲף˵࣬ҲһʼϢУֻȻΪǿϧԵģ˽ģȴûв֮˼
͸ſڣ޷ʦζõѡ
ţ֪
ͷһصľĬ֮ž᣺֮ǰ˵ģ㿼Ǻ𣿡
ɫһӦ˵ʲô˼΢٣ûлţ˿֣ص˵Ĵʦֿܷʱ˵£ֻϣú룬ҪڶʱԼڵľ
á
ϣûϹʮˬرӦˣڽʱȴͻȻŤͷɫһһް
Щ˵ζ
ϯ˵Ĵ֮Уħħңħ֮С
ĻЩδ˵ڣ
ֻô̶̼䣬нףһӼδ֮εĴ
ӵһξʦֱ̫븶̫׽Ҳʲô¡
Ҳ
ߵ޴룬״Σ֪νԼһĶŢ֮أͲõ롣
֮£¹壬ȴƽĿⴥļ䷢֮С
Ǹ޴롣
δħԼֻЦӣ˵ٰ㣬ʲôܷʥҲӲ룬㲻ôţħ֮£˭ûô׽֮ˣֻҪܿƣҲη塣
ⰲο֮ﵹýĻԻ˿΢Ҳ̧ͷã³кسһ˿ɬ
ҲѹʲôصĶ
ǡǲܿأ
ϸѯʣڸ𼸺û塣
л˵
켫ƽ̣˯˯飬̻ϣҾһҲҽкˡ
𣺣

ϵϵ
#߽飺Լ#


113 
ʵ̫ᣬ ԿЩʵ˵ʲô
ûʲô
Щڸǰ̧ͷһƬ ȴƽЩ лл㡣
лʲô
ЦЩΣ ΢΢ҡͷ˶һӣ  Լģ ʵҲǲУ԰ΰˣ ˭ֲأ
˼ 㳤̾һ̼
˰ˣҹɫӣЩϢɣ ұ㲻ˡ
˵תȥ ䷽򲢲ǽڡ
ԭĿЩĻţ ɴ˿̸귴ƽȥֻԥһ˲ ǿڣ סڳʦԺ
ͣ½Ų عͷͬţ ʲô𣿡
΢ ĬϢŵʦϾ죬Ƿʦܵĸɵײ㣬㡭סɣҽ¥ʰסڶ¥
ǰΪܣԴǵ벻˵ı˼ȴã˼̹Ȼģ㲻ΪԼЩԭ⣬ǲ˵ƬŢݰˡ
𾲾ãЦӣ㲻ǿԼ
ûǿ
ǰˣҲδʲôԲʦܵ˼ˣֺξĿ⣿ʱֿΪѣӦչ˼֡
ﲢǿ֮⣬۲һȷʵģŵǺãǾ鷳ˡ
ԺУϵͳ˵㿴ˣҿûģҪһǸˣ
ϵͳ
ȷʵǽ
Ǹָıг̣ûлسʦܵԺӣֱͬصߵҲڡϡ
һల£ʮֵ֮㰲ִԼδȥɧš
ڶһ磬ͷ𣬸š
ŽͶǱߣһ¥𣬡ˣ
Ժ⴫Ϥ³ͥǷʦ£ʦ֡
ͽĬһϢԺӦĮȻ
ͥ㻺߽
ӷߵͥԺĿ䵭ѰһδǷ±㻺ͼ֣ųͥʦܺ£
ͥ΢΢ͷü΢壬ʻ̧һۣһŵʦֿɼŸʦˣ
䵭΢ЩסȻ糣Ѱ£
ͥҲʦʱסҵԺ糿Ҹʦţȴڣ˱죬ģѰһȦ˿ԲŶʦ֡
Ȼͷʦ֡ìܡĸʦ㲻̫øУͥȻǸǳְġСܡܷʦֱչˣҲѭԼְ𣬾չʦ㣬һʦţ˲ˡ
컹ģ˵ʦҹѲڡ
ҹ˯ĪʦԺ֪ԼԺ﷢ʲô£ȥһȦ˶˵ûԺʣΪǵãλʦӹϵ
΢٣ѵǰЩɫûֳֻ΢΢Ĭһ˲򶨵סʦܿԻȥˡ
ίͬ˵˸١
ͥü
Ȼǰӣ̲סʦ֣ʦʦֵĵ£ôס
ѣ֮ⲢκԽأΪβɣ
ǡ
ʦܡ
¥£Եº͡
ɨλʦü壬̾лģȻȥɡ
ͥЩʣʦ㣬ʦڱչأôܡ
Һ֮£ʦ֪٣еº͹ƽҺϯн˵־ʦܣ֮ΣúҺʦ֮£Ȼס
Ǽ˵ôݣͥü彥ɢĬʦ֪ʦʲôʱأ
΢΢ҡͷҲ̫֮ΣѹĴ󣬴ԼúһӦԽΣա
ô˵ͥɫҲپڸסӵԺֻҵãʦֶԣҲŬȻҪʦһ֮
һɫصؼӿ˽Ų뿪
뿪֮󣬸޵ʦܵǸӣʱЩçײȴѵǳ֮ġ
ջĿ⣬˵ͷǼһ䣺ʦܡ
ʧЦӣʵϯҲûȱ㣬ˣ̫ãֻô
⻰ȫġ
ϾҲˣ˾ȱ㣬覡
ȻȴȻ濴ֵʦܱʹá
ͣ٣Щƺί񼸷֣Ҳܺá
仰Ȼȴ˵ʮƶ·˶ȱġ
һʱЩס֪λشźá
ô棬ŪЩ˼ˡ
һµŲߣҲ˳תƻ⡣
ȥݼƽ̣ӣҪһ𣿡
ԼЩݼƽ̣ܿá
һּ켫ƽ̡
ӦĲ֮Уƽ̾ڸߴɴ۾ǺһЩĪյûһ𣿡
ȿȿȡ
ֱӵĻǺһ£üеöˣδԽء
ԽԽأ֪Խأ켫ƽߵᶼղסСһĻ飬Ӷˡ
Ű׾һĮϺЩɫǺߣǱƽ仰ģࡢ䵭࣬˵ˣҺֻѡ
Щ
켫ƽ̰סüģһ䵭ʲô£
˵£һֱŵĸǰһ΢Ц񣺡ƽ̡
ȥƽ̣
ǡ
𻰻δ˵꣬ͻȻһüͷһ˿ʶ̽ӽС
켫ƽ̵˰죬Ҳ˵Щ͵㵽ʲôһģͲñһ죬ûڵģʵǡ
߶Ļû˵꣬ͻȻ侲ȥһĹ
ƽֱסˣеҲʶüҪȥĹ
ĹһΣյĴʣ֮ǰ켫ƽƽ̺ͥƽȥĹһ̽˵ǲ̽һӳĹΧ
ǱߺͰǰȫͬرǿλãħļµѹЩƽ̶ľսСȻȥĹ
¶죬ֻ̾ƽӦ֪ϯλħйӴʼԴĹĳؾ
š
켫ƽüͷȷʵ֪ٶħ˽ԴһؾƭƽЩ˵Ҳǡ
ƽҲ֪ʼӴħ塢õħصĲϯҡ
ɫЩΣҵõЩ֮Ÿ֪ϯʵЩأмССһԴħĴУҲǴ΢ĩԭ򣬷ɢ޵ݶ̶ߵʵ̫ˡ˵΢΢ͷ
켫ƽ̻治֪Ӷǵһ֪µ
ֻü˰Ϣϵȥ
崫УĹһֻҪħ򲻻ʲô̫Σա
ȸشƽѾٵС
ɫࣺǰǰҲˣѲǰǰˣǲ֪ǰЩҺλƽǰȥ̽ħϢѾӳĹʼɽɢȷС˵ûҪأλϾӲҲǼɵħ֮ˣȥ
ΪˣҲҪʱȥĹ
һۣɫƽ̣ħ켫ȻΪʮ֮һֿܵأҴȥҲӦϯڽ֮Ϊ켫ıȡһҼȻ˵Ȼмְգװ֮¡
ʵʵǷöĴѶһϢ
Ϣ˵ħؾ䣬ٹ֪Ѿ˻ںϰ;΢һ£Ϲž뢷ҪĹһ˵˵֪ٹϢЩӿ
ԼҲֶߣԲŸѶһ
ȷʵ׼ȥڵģȰλƽ̺˵ͻȻõϢٹ֮ڣûм̳ħ崫У뵽֮ǰ˵ϲķϵУȥˣʮա
ǴǰҲںˣһˣ涶ˣ켫ڶΪƽء
ôȥ˵ٻмֵڲǣ
ⷬ˵ǲܳ˵ӡ
Ȼ֣Ҳ̳崫Умڣգһλһ
ĻҲ
죬̾ðɣһȥ㲻ħأħؽ紦ҡ
á
һΣûִҪҪߡ
˼仰;ֻʣƽü΢ûҾ֪ЩʡĵĶűĻǰ˵ǰɣ˶㻹ǵãҪȥ֮أǲӱ̫Ūλ
˵Цˡ
ǶйħĴУȻƽǼλΣա
켫ƽ̣
ƽͻȻ֣ҹ΢ĩ˳۾ǴջˮȻͷǻ˶ûʲô޲λ
ЩߵҪȥԼȥ͡
䣬ӿڣ񷱶࣬ƽȷʵҲҪפţ뿪𣬶ɽΣпɣĹҲϤ֣ȥͺá
ûʲôͬҲãͷˡ
֮л

ƽޱ顢ϣ˭Ҳ֮󣬲ͳˣҲãҲûһˡ
аοԼ͸һţܺùͷһţʦʦܵһ˼еµģʣһ¼ҹˣŶ
˼ˣƽ̻ǣһ·עⰲȫ໥֣Ͼѵõĺѡ
˵ѡʱ˲١
ֻϧ˶ûʲôӦһˣ΢Цδȥݼˣƽ̴ʺá
š
켫ƽ̵šһƺ뵽ʲôѵ¶һЦ⣬βԽԸǸúӣҲ߶㣬γţշˡ
ûסЦ
ǿЦ⣬ͷãһúշ
Ա߽ûʲôоҲô˵΢գͻȻԳһǳĳɫ
л˵
ƽ̣ҼҰײͷˣ챣ӣСñչʮꡣ
٣
#ԩеİ#


114 濡
ΪͻĴѶ ø𲻵Ѹı٣ĿĵشڻĹ
ͬУ뿪֮ ˳˷һʱ䣬 ȴͻȻͷ
¶δ쵽ʲô ôˣ
΢΢ҡͷ ֻüܾ˸ǡ
ǣ˵֮ˣ
ʶȥ ϸ֪ ȴʲôҲûз
ֽתؽϡ
ӴԼҲûʲôֱֻ
ԶƬ̣ ң ȥ
ŪЩġ
á
ͷϢȥ
˵ʵ˴ɱǵļʲߣν² ʱ˾ٲûʲôô ֻǷһ ߵֱʱҲǺ׼ġ
޵Ǹ֮ûгܸȥֻӻ֮㣬 뿪Żã ʲô⣬ Ҳò
ڽ뿪Ϣ֮ ֻǰһ һӰϢǰ
ûסһƴٵǰŷǰ켫ƽ̡
ƽ̴ˣ
¶죬Ĵһۣô
ƽ£һȻ⣬˵֪ˡ
ŻȻ򣺡ǰ
ѹûʲôоȴ˵ֱѪ֮ԵȻӦ
ƽ̲˵ȥ
ǼĿ죬켫ƽڸǰһɫΪǣҲôǵĹҾ뿪
ЩģҵúܣĸҪϼһﰵ֣ǺҲˡ
Ҳ֮ģ΢΢ͷûʲôЦ֮⣬ģҲӵġ
š
ƽ¶⣬Ȼû뿪
£
켫ƽԥһһϵͻȻһ˿˵Σڣ㡭ͷСֿˣ
ԭΪҪʲôȴ£ȻһЦ˼̹Ȼƽ̴ˣѵڲƭ
⵹Ҳǡ
켫ƽ̵ͷֵҹȥǡ
ҺϯӶ̳崫У֪°ɣֻ̳еıȽĹ֮УһؾУһ𡣡
ƽ̲̫ϸڣţȫȻ֪
šʵȥ˵崫е¶
ǰɣ崫һλǿ߹ţһ˫޹󷽣Σ΢Цұȥ£ϧӲԸ⡣
켫ƽ̺һͣĿȴ˲٣Ŀ˳ࡣ
΢΢򴽣˶񣬾ѳһ˿Ц
𰡡
ƽ̵һλôС
Ծ˴֣һϸװºͣͬϵģȫȻͬ
ǸľԴ㲻Ҫ⣬ʵҺĸ׶֪ǺϲģҲǸúӣҪ׽ԸȰȰȻСǺҲǸúӣȻûа£Ҳ켫֮ˣЩӱδȥһҪСġ
ͣ٣ƽѸٴӽӽͳ
š
һһؽܣһžתſ棬ҵ˽أö켫ɷӳȫһʵöһ˲ǧЩţﻹǿԵģΣʱ
⼸һ𣬲ĳӣȥҪأĹ̫Σգ˵ΪȡһȴҲҪΪأδ֮վδû˾ʲôûˣؼʱ̣ЩþãҪʡţˣٴһЩ
Ȼ֪̬ȻתȻЩȡ
ƽҲ̫ˣ
Ķ΢΢Ĭƽ̴ˣ̫ˣҡ
¡
켫ƽ̹һῡѣԺ˽»ҲУҲģʵпɣҲ౦СӹҲ࣬ΪЩŮӣȲƤģమҲ޷Ͳ
Ц
ΪôҪΪƽ̵ı
ٹ˵ȷ黹죬Ӧ˿̵켫ƽ̣Žı
ǿЦ⣬ƽףֻЩлƽ̺͡
ؿ
ƽһۣǾ쵽ʲôץʱ󲹳һ䣺ǸùǸˣ㲻ҪƽϣҪʵڲϣǡǿҲûʲôͲĸ֧ġ
һ仰˵ʵμˣϾǳ켫ƽʵûǿŶ˵꣬ҲȸشѸʧڷ֮ϡ
һӷ󷽸ϻء
üЩ
˷ԸˣһĪоǻȥһλϻȥɡ
ҪǵΣʱƾһ˻ס
֪ĸȻôЦĴشҲܲģѵʱ򻹻ǲǰǿɱ𣿡
⵹Ҳǡ
üֵİɣȥɽ󲻹·̣ȥĹ˶ɽѵЩ˻ҸŲɣ
֣˵ͷãǾС
˼Զ٣ӽӽóһֻƿ
ţԷ⡣
һ۾Ϳʲô
֮ǰںżȻžתԼ;һţһŸ٣ǿһԼϣҪ
ոƽҲһţǸ뷨һģһ
˼ˣ΢ЦˣϯһţһŰɡ
Ȼһ˲뵽˷ٸһŵ΢٣Ҳûǿƿʦܴ㻹ʮġ
ֻһžתʦܶ˸𣬿ɼ֮ʵڸ
Ҳû΢ЦҺϯΪѲһݣӣ֪˵ʲôǷֿ֮ĸҲ䡣
Ĭصͷûм˵
֮ʱ˽̸Ҳ࣬ȽɣȴһֱţԷͻϮ
һֱɽԷЩ衣
дɱѹʱ
ɽĹ͸ڶɽ棬ʱΣյĻ֪˭
˷󣬼ǰֱĹλãžǰ޵ĸоȴףƽ̽͵ѷ켫ڡ
ĹϴʱѾ˷츲صı仯ЩϤĶϱڲлϸܵĺɫ壬ƺƬس׸ı䡣
һ뿪ֱӽ͵Ĺ֮⣬ԽͷʵûôĹ֮ڵı仯˵أ֪ǰر
εĹԵ͸Ĺʧ٣ȡ֮洦ɼĿռѷ죬һϸ乳ڿС
⵹ãֻҪעЩʲô̫ΣգΣյǿ޵Ѫɫ֮
һһƣۿԿȴ翣Ļдˣ徭֮С
͸崫УָопɣѰֻԵֿ⾭֮С
֮ǰǴ֮ؿС鼮ֹҲ˽⣬߸𣺡ħ֮˵λħ֮ѳ塢ħ֮󣬱ΰıһѪͳǷصĻħѪͳֻҪħ֮Ƶĵطᾭ̡ݽߣԽãָоԽǿңֻ֮Ե֮Եֿһ
Щ鼮ҲȻֻ֪Ǹ
ڽ˵֮΢΢ͷɫص޷ǣħ壬ȷʵһͿ̿Ľѡ
⻰ʲô˵ǣǸĵĸд
ǺٹмϤλҪѴиҲ˰ˡ
Ϥλ־ʵѣһֻཻҲˡ
λٹƽ˵Цһ쿪ʼһбȻͬˣܴϹʱڻȻҲй֮޷ٹγ㶦֮ƣҲǣħ帴¾£ӵеһжλ̸Цѡ
һ㸶ޱ侲
ӲϣڱС
ǰӶӳѪɫ̾ӣϣһգҶվЩǰʱ廹ħ壬ãã׺һڰˡ
һҲ˵ĻʦЩƣֻһϢͷ븶һңƬѪɫ硣
ġᶨޱȣһգҵȾ£ҲκЭ
֪ǲ뵽֮ǰɽţ̵ֻǴΣڸ˲شۣվҲûȫ㡣
Щˣպ㣬ΪƽǿҲԼ
˾ĬãȿڣǾڴ˷ֿɣȥħ壬ȥ塣
ȻʮֵİΣǵȡ֮ˣûж˵ʲôֻͷһᾡλ̸˵ҪСġ
á
ЦŶףӵһ£ЩסУȻ뿪
˾ʹ˸Ŀꡣ
뽭ֿ󣬸Ц⽥ڿħħʱ⽥Цֱһ֡ЩЩν̬ơ
ŵȻλ޴ľʯħ壬һûеʱ䣬ֱĵĽɫģڶԷסʱһ仰Ҳû˵붼ǡ
κϴʱ仯࣬Եıǽֵħ࣬Գַ֮ˣһУۡ
˿壬ЩͶĿħǷ׷ױº͡ɵЦ⣬ż˼Ҵ䡪Ȼû˻ش
Ѫɫ֮бǿˣõ崫УȻѪ֮Уʹǳɬ
ϴʱļ䣬ڸٹ޵һξĵطٹ
λ´󽫾ְأȻħ޵֮⡣
Ҫ֡
øۼֿ죬µҡң磬ң٣ұ˸ӶѣͲʶˣ
˵Ż߶һˮ飬һ۷ٵģ
ٹס֡
֮ǰҲ۷״̬ϴûϸ̽治֪ǸŮˡ
ȷ֮ĮȻιʿ֮أ
΢΢˿̾Ҳ밡ǰЩʱոΣ˵ˣҪһ棬ⲻҷɿɲ֪ʵ΢һ·ϿΣˡ
ٹޱ鿴û˿ݡ
ֿڣϴξģѵһʹɣ˵ʲô壿Ҳûʵÿҽȥһ档
֮ǰκ˲ÿ֮ء
ٹһģøΪ
˱㶼޵дһöĮ֮

ٹɫ΢ų޵񣬷˸ȥ
æУһЦ
ϲõ磬ǲҪˣɺð
ߡ
ٹ֮޵ûȥٲѣֻǼһĹŵˡ
õЦһڨڨôأǲȨ֮˯ˣĹ֮һŵˣֻ˵û㲻ҲŰɣ
ٹ޵
޵һ糣ΨһͬǶֵѹٹž޴Ĵ̱ɴѱ𣬿÷һӰڴߣѪɫ˳ɢĴϣüɫѪ֮Уžʧɫݻмֲ԰ףɫȴޱȡ
ٹۣͬһµĵܾڴء
˿ѹվ޵ſڲߣֻС磬Ȼ˧ˣĺܿ
⻰ϣֻĴָ
ȴžٹͫҲǳɫģѪһ㣬ļ¡
ûʲôҲδڣȴڸߡ
ôҲӵǰɣ
л˵
ٹ㾡ܱࡣ
˵ģģ
#ھǷϯ#
#񼴽ı״#


115 
ԭʿ һڣʱһϤ
Щɫ ŲɵУ ߵĴߣΧϸۣ ŵ ⴩·˹治һˣ ࡣ
ٹݺ޲ ֻתһʮ־㤵ļž̬
˫ƵøЩĻš
Ȼڿд
ùȥ㻹ô˵
Щί򴽣 ֹ۲һ ŵ㲻ǻûںϺãɫúܡ
رź޲ʵ֡
ǿޱȣֿ꣬Ȼûôں
ţ ˯ɣ ɱˡ
һھ¡
ȻŶ㱻ٹֹ
˺޸Ǳߣ ʮ׽ӡ
ûУܸ棬ܸ棡˭˵ģ
գĴһۣ ɴ£ ҲǼ̳Ĵйˣ ǹֲǲ֪ ǡǻ¡ ֮ҼûĹҲûںѪ׽ˣ˵㵱ʱ˵Ҫһ˵ѪںϵģҲûء
ϣһҡ
ٹɫͫעãŻŲߡ
ѪϵĲ֪٣㼱ʲôѣһҵѪںϣˡ
ҾҪϵ
죬ֱٹĿֿ˹ûЭǾұ޵ķϵ治ѪȷʵϵѪʺҵģԵķϵѪԸںϣҲܽܰѵѡʵģҪѡǿģǿδʺϡ
ٹһ޻⣬죬Ųߡ
ûʲô֮⣬ϾǸʲôҲǵһʶˣСһһʵΪأˣ⻰ҲƫϣֻպúĹͬڡ
ܲˣϾٹĴкѪģ´ԼҲֻиһ
Ĭ죬ٹ¿ڣѪ֮֮˵֮ؿǴ֮˵ֻӡ˼ݹˣôųȥôĴܳ㲻ɣ
ᣬᣡ
ɫ࣬Ͽңҳȥб£˵㲻ǳ˯㶼˯ˣԸʲô˼ѵٹǸϸ죿춼˵һ仰ֻ˵ʲôְ𡢲׼֮ġ
²λ󽫼䣬ս˿ͻȻ˼ɬ֮⡣
򴽽ǣСʮֿǸ磬֮ǰ˵Ҵ⻰𣿡
ٹЦףһֺ⣬Ĭãŵ㵹˲ͬ
̰ɫã˵Ҳ塢ռΪУ뷨ȴȫȻͬ
Լ˵ġ
ûдӦ˼æֵ磬ϹŰ˵ܲģ˵ҪҴġ
㣬Ҳ壬к壿
ôû壿ҿԸһϹŰѹԺԱǿΪĿ꣬һȥʮһء
Ϊ꣺㲻֪λȥΧ켫ڣԱ߿֣Ҫһ飬˵ڶû켫ˣֱ̫
ŶٹȻûʲôֻ糣ߣôģ
ǵȻǽλλħϣǣȻǱ¡ڨڨһЦ˵©졣
ٹĿͬ͸ĵףЩ֮ŵλϰɣ
ʵѾ֪͸һ˲û취ɴ̾ðɺðɣҳϣλҲλϣҲû취ʱûѣûӦ˵ǲţڿɲһˣǰҺƽһ˵ŵȥλƽ̣ĹԵ̽һ£ȥ˵ʮʱῪսΪһλǿϹħҪˡ
һ仰ٴЩЦ⣬԰ʮؿٹžһۣ磬ֹȻֹСҹ䡣
Ǽ˵ǰٹջĿ⣬Ҳں仰ֻûȫںϣʱ޷ȫ뿪񲻹Ǹ֪ĳЩ;ˣҾ㣬ٸҳȥմǲݡֱ顣
ġմǲݡȻָٳȥʦʦ֮ģָȥӴ
ûһڴӦ̽Ѫ
ûѪ޷ˣ
ǵҲڡڨڨһ䣬ĮЩί̾˼Ҷ˵ʵͱ仯ȻҲˣǰǸôļүү

ٹǴ˿޷ֻ޲һˡ
һҲûб䣬ÿÿڶѪӿ
Ĭһӣٹ⼸סڱ޵;ʱʲôĿѯʱ
ðɡ
һҲûбħСҡĸо̾ϢĴһˣЬҲûѣŴӿ£ʵⴲ治ִҲȥһţˣõʲôţ

ٹֻѪӿЩ
Ь
ɣôһȻ񱣿
ʮַܵýŸЬӣСġ߲һţſϼӿ
ԺҵɽҲҪһйҪҺöСҴȣǰ
Ϊٹ޴ĴϷ˺üȦֱЩˣٹȻڴصӰ磬ôһֱǶ
ٹشѾȻ򣺡ڶǰɣ
ں;˺ΪոճתӺ巢ġ
Ȼûʲôģ˼Ȼˣɹеɱˡ
Լ֪ٹЩȣҲûǣֻԹԵıӸϣĲ֪ʲôʵͷʵغһ̾ãʱˣ񰡣ţ˯һ񡣡
ȻûʲôŲ֪ΪξǺǷӡ
ոձ۾ٹ
ǰ˲һ˲δһƬŤͷڴߵıӰ΢΢üɢôˣ
ǱĴ
Ҳ˯𣿡
⻰ɲˣߣԴǣ磬㵱ʶʱ򣬱˵ҵĴҵʶҲ˯˯ͷҺ˵һ֣˾ôңٹûġ
ٹ
ЩҧӾĬд˵һ顣
ŭΣתƻ⡣
Сһͷؿ˳ֳķ˿˵ǿߵëڵͽ˵𣿡
ѵ˵һ£ٹȻģƽ̺ܴһˣǱ˵õĥܲࣿ⻹ǷֶΣַ죬Σ
İ
һͷ̽ԴЦӯӯܰһͷ𣿡
𣡡
Һ㿪Цأƣ磬Ц
ŭæͷɵعߣڳ˳
˺һӣڿʼ˵¡
ϸڳȣĬˣ֪켫֮ˣȻƽҲǳ׽ǱϾţ֮ǰǼûƭ㣬һȥʱȷʵڱȶдɱǴɱΪ
ұǣͷò˶ãֻҪһʱ䣬Ƿħû̳˼ǵʱֻܲĹΧҲͻͷʱ켫Σӡͬİ취ֻһΣʲôý𣿡
⻰һѯٹҲ̬̽ȡ
ٹֻĬ˼ϢԴűȥʹΪ㻤
֮ǰһ֮ǰ߷ƭȴٹҪƽΪٹˣΪٹʹ쾭壬ⲻܿܵ飬ٹպͬҪˡ
ණٹٹҲٹ塣
ⲻû̶˼Ц⣬ֵܿͥҲ룬ָأ
ٹȻЦһȾЩ
СһΪʹǿ֮ѵﻹûд㣿ôϲ̽㱾һ˯
ȿȡ
Щͷڨڨ磬ˣĸ̽㣬ǡ׼Ҹʲô
ٹ˹ںϻҪʱ䣬ǼһҲָϣͱһ֮ԼŰɣţҲ޷
ͣһ˲ȾĪջ𣺡һͷ
𾪲
ͷ
л˵
ոѱϡ
޶һһ̫ˡ
ٹ񣺸
#ԩ#
#ʱ磬ʱϹǿ#


116 
ǰֻ˵˵ѣ Ͼϻͷϰë¶治̫û뵽ٹȻ׼һͷ
Ⱦǿߣ Ȼܵͷ øΣúô ˵䲻ģ ٹﲻ Ҳ
£ ֻһ˲ɿҿԶμ𣿡
С
ٹʮؾܾ
ͼ
С
磬ûġ

ٹ˵Ļ ȴ졣
˾ĬϢ ּۻԼȥƽ̡
õġ
˫ַɿ죬˲ʹͷ˳۵ķ˿ʮִ³һҲᡣ
ٹ޲ Ե͸һ˿㣬 㵽ǲŮң
磬 ƫŮôˣŮҾͷǵ㿴Ҹ޵أʲôʱ
˸н˿ пջ졣
պ 磬 ⻹Ҫ˯ð
ôʱ߳Ƶˣ
߳Ҳ߳壬 ʲôϵ˵ 㻹жóںϣиס
ʮɡٹ˵
ʲô
ӴڿЦɣʮꣿ
ӡ꣬ʮҵ˵ָһ˲ʲôþȵġ
ɶ˵ܾð񶼲Ż˶ʮأҲҪôòָܻɣ
˵أ
ɫأм˿־Щϧʮìܡ
ѱˣ켫֮ΣǵԼİ취ҲʱҲõħ˼䣬治֪Ǹÿ޻ǸЦ
룬վ̾ǵ㳹ѣֻѾ£Ӷܴˡ

ֵٹ졣
ʮ߶ᣬ׼ҵӣ׳־أ
ʱҿ϶ѾͳɽˣôһݻҵôҲҪ̳׳ɣ˵Ȼ˵֮ϧûлӵˡ
Ȼһλ

ĬȻ
ãȰƽǿߣǼ׳꣬Ѱҵ¶٣һʮСޣЩ谭Ϊ¡
谭Ϊˣ˫޻߾أѵҪһϴ
̲סһû˵꣬õٹһߣ˵ʲô
˵˵öԣҲ˵˵ˣЦҲţ
¶Цݣͬ˵ʮ궼ˣ
֪ǲǾ쵽Щ˼ٹЦ⣬ָ޷Ųҵ޷䵽Ĺ֮⣬ħ廹һЩҴ棬СһҪʲôŭԹ£±ܲǿгѵ㣿
˵ʮָõʱ䣬ںϵ۷״̬˵Ҫڴ˴ȫȻ޷
ٹȻĳ뷨ָƣԲ˵ⷬ
ŴˣЩڨڨʲôŭԹ£¹£켫ԶѣЩֲǲ֪
֪Ȿ㡣⿴Ļŵ⣺ȥأǸоõģԼá
ǺǺǡ
Цȴ̾á
Ҫȥ壬ֻýȥӣƤᣬĶ֣ʧʧ߰ӽһöѶ
˼ת䣬ȴû֮ϣͬٹһӣ׿Щл⡯Ѱ˼ϵ
ͬʱء
Ȼ̳йĴУħء֮бࡣ
֮˳˷۽˸յλûм
ǳĬԡ˲֮ˣȴҲŴ˿žƣƱ硣
Ӵż衢ʦܵоֹѧŶӴ˵֮ˣħԲбΪ壬ֵУԱ׽壬ħأҲܵõħ֮һЩϢ棬֪𣿡
ǽӴ֮һȥѯʣϾ漰ٹܾġ
֪ǲǽλħ֮˵ħأʱı⣬һ档
΢΢˿ĿȴᶨЩ
ħ壬žΣѣȻͥڵƽȷʵͬ켫ƽһͬ̽Ĺóۣͬܿ׵ľƣȻҲȫ޸о
ƽֻһʱֻҪħһϴεľٶϮֻħ֮Աõġ
һǷøǿΪ۷ӳԹۣǰΪСһֱʦܺԼûȱ£ȴҲеʣֻʦܱչأȥħ֮أҪǿԼı䣬ζҪɴĿġ
Ժиֳǰ٩٩̸ӣиȻħеıӰ΢򴽽ǣɫ岽á
Ȼϴһϣɫ䵭Ŀ޲ͬ·ϵʯӡ
˿ڣ֪оĹı仯
˵ʲôϻ˵֮ȥħ壿Ƿ٣
ȥħʲôʵмֶۡ
ɽȴҡҡͷʦűչδȥǸµĺѡ
֮û˵ʦܵĵ£ΪĿǰʱֿˣ־ּᶨӲǰ˽ΪǹϹϵ
Ŀ΢𣿡
֪ǸŮ֮ϴλܻþǻþûȻҲ֪λ
һ£üͷʦȥģ
ǣʦܶڻԵɺпħء
һ㣬ûʦȥħĺۼλȻܿģȻ˷ٲ봫п飬˵һ㡣
Ȼüͷ㽫ѵģû
ƽȵؽģû
һü˲ɢ
ⲻǷ٣ǻ˸ֶѣŪݣǰС׽
һʱЩ
ûйֻЩ̡
ĵȷʵǷóģϾ˵Ϊ˼Ӳ֮Ŀ֮´
Ūݣɫٴƽ
ȥħ壬ΪΣ¶ħ岢ʲô˽ɣҲ㲻±ŭ㣿
ɫƽԵò𡢷ʦܶ޻˵ѣ֪֪ܳħֻ¼ֻˣǶħһнʮϤͨΰǼĹգԮһ
ƾʲô㣿
켫ӣδ켫ƽ̣켫ʮ֮һʵǿʢպħþĹ׺ɣ޳ҪһЩ۾Ϊ帽ӹҲãΪҲգбȼ̳崫еҸʡ
⻰Ҳû
±Ǩ己ֿ죬ѱ鲼ɽ䣬壬¾ҲҪӴ尲׵Ͼ屾࣬ҲûѪϴɽ뷨̫鷳಻˳߲ˡ
ħ壬ٹɱЩҲԵ޹¾˻ͨʿ鷳ġ
Խ鲢Ƿ̸֮пԵģûʮֻ̳崫УǿҲˣʱͳҲð죬ΪԮֲûͥ
Ҫû뽫ڽ£߸꣬Ԫ޾һĴ󲿷˵ǵ֣ΪΪңɼĴڣʮҲ
˸ϾȻƷ˵˼Ÿӣġ
޹ڽš
ڽ˵֮ⷬ¶Щ߸ϡһ޲ЦݣĮȻ鱾ǲܿǣ帽ӹ˭ΪҪ㡢ţĳġ
Ӵͷϲް߶ݣĿڵеϥ£ŵ֮һʶʶȻ֪˵١
ˣУ֪֮࣬ãȳģһʶ׼Ϊ帽ӹΣʱɵħܼʱҲԮһ
ּ̧һӽüû룬ֱʶ
ʶʶѹⱾǲ̫һ£ȴȻʹͷƽл
⻬ĵש͸ӳ޲˫ۣϸЩ
һߣ˯ٹſĴϣûʵ˰ҲСһ졣
֮ȷʵֻǲûƽ֮޾֮رгƽ֮ڻָ״̬ûǸʱʱ̿ʶӽ뿪Ĺһ롣
Ҳ֪Щĵľġš˵Ĺ°żȻǽٳɣܻʶ𡮼ӡһֳ⣬ϾΪ帽ӹʲô£Ҳº͡
Ǳ֪˵ҲҪ̾һ䰢ҲʼѧˣλлҪԼǴǰ̫˳ûʲôУٹħǶݵһʷڴ֮ǰؼֻ
֮ӽʱٹϣһõ̬Ƶ磬ҪЩ۸ңһҪңúŨü۵´˵һ䣬Ĵߣÿü۵ģûʲô¡
ûĴߡ
ٹȻڴǰֻƽڶߡ
ӡطĴߣֻ±񴫳߱ˡ
Ǿ䷴
ȨûȻȵҪ㿴߲УҲôնߣҿͦ˶ˣҪһλǰװװ棬ҲԵЩ治ǣȻĿ
÷ǳãҪϸã
籾ֱӰǸã
üӱץסһͷ֧ţ鱧ԹǰģˣˣԽԽⲻá
ٹֻûۡ
ҪưµˣֻѾˣһ;У밡֮ͬһӣԵû棬㲻ˣӦøһЩҪǲ֪ô֣ҿԽ㣬˵ֻûشšɡ֪ˡˣԣ
ʮµߣ˵һ䣺ϸҡ
ٹתһ˫ļµ񾲾עǳˡ
һҲûȵĻش𣬱ߴٵӦ˵֪ˡߡ֪ˡ
ٹעãĿٴοڣ䣬ŲھͰ㶪ȥ
ɫһһı
ڱųһţֻ͸СֲҪģԺͳɽ磬Ĺϵ´󽫲ǲ㾹Ҳơ
˺޶ݣϰߣƽĹϵʲôϵë޶ëĹϵƣҵĺôѹҾͲˡ
СһؽϡһϵԸͷ붼֪ǸʲôģּһǸСһüƽϰˡ
ң
¶ԴȴھҲˣҸ˵¶ûرȥˡ
ȥ

ĬãΧűӿͰͲ䵽ߣί˼Һ㿪ЦŶ
л˵
ŶԺҴüӣ
ٹ
ʵҶ֪ԷǸʲô
˾ӣ
Ȼֻĳһ浥ĳλͲһˡ


117 
ǰٹʶʱ ܺλϹǿӲ䣬˼һԼЩ˵ط֣ ֻʣ·Сķˡ
ڻʱʱ޶һ޶ë ֲһ˵飬̫⡣
֮ ǵˣ Ʈˣ ˼죬 ûʲô˼ɴ˯˺óһ 쳤첲˸ ̾þûô˯ˣ̹磬ԺҪˣ˯һ

ٹ֪˫޹ ̹һ㡣
һ ƣ ¶Ĳ
ٹߣսޱ̾㲻ᱻ˶˰ɣ
ϴлִɫЦֱϡ
̫ȣ øûʲôɬε ֻ棺񰡣 ־ ָտɴˡ
ٹƳһۣ ȻǳΣҪҪǱĻԵΪ˱һշ⡣
˵ЩĶҪᵽˡһշ
еĻɲʲôʱеġ
˼ǼѾܾˣΪҸ𡣡
ʲôΪѵģͷ޵ͦã
ٹȻ޶ݣƺֻһС¡
ȴǲһһʼҪң֮ΣҲŲѶΪ֮ʱĻܵôࣿ
ǴأҲ֮Σ
԰֮ΣɵɵģҶ˼۸
硣
ٹȻ̫졣
Ȼ֪»еΣȻָҪ˵ʲôĻ
ɫڨڨҿǱСۣ㵱׳־
У
˼
ĵúúõģٹö˶˵ͻȻʼճ͸ˣغܡ
ǵʵķ㶨Ȼ۶գӦǱˣҲ񵱳־ᶨһʵΪˡ

ĿԽ˼
ʵٹĻҲûеǵʵĺûָͬˣȻԼǾò֮䣬ӦͲӦĿܶУϾ죬Ҫ޵ԣǿ󹬣뿪ҲǶŮŷ
ƽ޹ʺһʶʲôҲǸеߵߺòãǴδΪ˾ôͬն
Ը˼䣬ĿúٹͻȻѹЩأ磬ǲŮˣӡ˯һںϣ嶯Ʋסˣ
⵹Ҳǲ⣬Ͼ֮顣
˵꣬ٹѿ࣬ҧб˵һ顣
æסͣգգۣ¶޹ɫ
ʤУǲʶġ
ǣҲã˵ôֱӡ
һϴжⷽĺߣæһɫΪ˲㣬ҾһЩС
˵ʮ򶨵شӽӽó˼飬ΪٹܶʮĵطҳҳʵһҳŽ֮յǰϵһҳ֪һҰ㷭ҳģҶǳˣġ
ٹֻһۣҧгݡδйķŭ𣺡ҹȥ
̫ŭڵӿҲЩߣڴߵƶһ£ҪǿŲĸо
Ƥֱæ𼤶𼤶ܹ㣬ҶǳˣȻŮˣҲˣ׵ָоǳܣڶˣҲðΪ롭
Ȼٹŭû˿ˣڣڵѹ۵˼㣬ǰһֻоԼ˴鱻һ˳ȥ
ˤڵĳϣȻʹȻʲôĳŷʽ
һŵٹƺѻ
ӵʱߵǰ
¶߷֮ɫһϵĻҳһ߼ϵ鼮ɶǹҧʶģҪǿ˯ôãﻵˣδ֮ˣܸ㷭̷мҾˣȻҶ
ŭǨŭ鿴ٹ
λĿûʲôû𣿡
ĩֻͷƳۣСħ޵˭ϡһȥһһģһĴҲ˯ˣߣ
鼮֮½ŰͦءĿбԽٹȥ毺һɲŭơ
û߳ȣٹƽͳδǰЩʱվ쵽˿ħ壬࣬ǷҪĩ
Ųһ٣æ䣬ò洫ٹƽд
ǡ
ٹ¡
ҲΪĵħ谮ͬ壬ּٹƺ;ԲŶһ䣬Сħ
Ǹ̷֮أʮڵشߣƵǰ˵ǲһŰɫ¡Įӣ
ǽˣѰ
ɳϣٹȻݣתĮȻһŹƵˣ˵ƣԼǸˡ
ٹУѾ㹻ᡣ
˵Ȼǽ
΢΢ü˵ħ
켫ƽ֮ǰͬλǿ߶ֻĹԵλ̽̽ħ˾ȻħûͽߵĴУҲûеõħøУεֵ
ơ
ʵڲ֪˭ûƵǿߣ˵Ϥǿûˡ
룬һ˿Цݣǰ֪ĳ𣿡
֪ݣֻ֪Ϣ
ٹҲһĳ࣬һħ֮⡣
΢һֲõԤУĳЩ±лҪ죬˼ѹеЩ΢ǣ¶һ˿Цݣߵյĵǰã磿Ҵˣ㿪š
дٹ䵭²Ҫұ̲ס㡣
ǿиһ޷֮˿ĳղصġ°ĳͼҲֻĳóɥĲ¡
ҲǿΪίͰ͵أٹϸ硯ЩĿϣʵô˰취Ϊõģ㿴񽻹ôʱķϣԭ³ç˰ɣ磬үүڣ񡭡
˵ãԽ˵Խأֱٹٹѱû
һͣۼãѸԱɫЩסûжٹٵͻȻһ£ͽ̷ˣ磬͡
λ󽫵ļӦ֮ǰȹһܳ˳ȣޱѸݡ
ֱԶٹ޵ڣ¶ɫǰź򡣡
ٹֶãҸСŮҲΪĸһû뵽Ȼĵ¿ηΣ߳ŭˡ
֮飬ʲô˵ģ
Ϣֱ壬ŻŲȥ
һߣһͬϵͳ˵ǲЩͼϻòӦð𣿡
Щᶼϴ崫֮أþһ⾳͵͵ӡģղأ˵ӦúܷٹǣϾͬһԴ
ϵͳԷһ£شǾòҰɣҪ֪ٹѾѳ壬ıԼһѪͳ峹׸ѿֶҲྶͥôϲķǲ˵ûаӰҾã̫ʣҰ´׼һҰģ˵ܿġ
°˼ţе
ͬϵͳĹ۵ֵ֮һΪħʲôһأԭһܺãϵͳסһ㣬˵дá
û⡣
ϵͳشغˬ졣
ٹĶʱزȥˣ뿪׼ħ䣬ܲܽύѡϾڿħ֮ġĻ֮֮ǿ޵ĶħôҲмɣ
ǡơ׼Ҳȥ֮켫ƽ̣ӦܵõһЩõϢ
л˵
ϵͳҪֻ֪һͨͨϵͳ
#ϵͳЧ#


118 
ħС ķǻҪӴ󣬵ٹ˵Уȴֻһ߷ƽħǣ ħǺħϹʱڡ
Ӵ󶼳У ܿҵ˵һڨĿꡣ
һһŮݾ£ ĸ üаġ
ƮƮŴ粻ͬ λ÷ǳò
ͷںڳԳ խϸɴɫף͵͵ۣ ܿλţ Ƥǳ𪡣
Ȼ϶ΪƤȥģΪһһŮܺƣڽֵϡΨһûĿעˡ
˵Ƕûʲôرоٲӣ ǺҪһ㡣
ǸºЦݣ ߵߣ ˸񣺡λǰãˡ
üĿµŮȿ
£
ҲֻĿ䵭 û˵
ʮҼλ˴Լ Ľ ʶһ λǰ£ ǰǲϲ뿪
Ȼû˵ŮӵͻȻ𣺡
һ¶һӺƵıͷǣ壬ħյΪߣʮҡ
һһŮĿЩڸЩɻЦУŮãŵǾߣδ䣬µߣ

û뵽ڨˣڳһݣȻҲţɫҲδ˵ѣλǲţȥѯٹǰǰ
ٹáĸ飬ϸ϶֣ܿϲӡ
Ǽ˵ƶЩĬ
һתٴڣλȻߣΪβ̷ǰҼǵҪΪִӡ
ħ䣬ﻹӡֻµ죬ڸ֮ʣҵȲ⿿
üĿµŮĿЩưˣƣ̫˱Цһ䣺λǵ𣿿ʮְ䡣
˵꣬㿴ŮӴ΢ƺЩҸ硣
磿治˼ˡ
¶ɫ˼֣ĵ֪ŮΪٹӢΪٹһãڵϵݲͣǴǰߣ֮ǰħ䣬ٹӡвħҲų˯Ҳˡ˶ٹһŹꡣ
ħ𽥴ӳ˯ҲǸμħԭ
һǳĵطǺᡣ
ͽȻ곤٣˳˯ʱ䣬ʵŲһ꣬ħ׵ˣΪűشҪߣȲϴϡ
˾Ǻã֮䣬оһʮԵġζ
Щ֣˺ô򽻵
Ц񣬺һ˵ĵ֮λǰǶˣұҲǰˣýǻˣҾͺǰӢͰɣǽͺãҶߣԺһҪ׽׽
ȵֵĿٹӢֱۣ˵˯ãѲ׺ɣӢ벻ȥ绹мֻҵԿǣҲһЩ⣬ϾԺҪ¡
ȷʵ£ֶߣ֮ͣ˶ƺûʲô̫ĿܣٹӢЩ˵
ǣʮףҲһ˵ĩʱ϶ȲϹʱڵĻԻͣҲв˼Ķ֮ǰ˵Ҫ˯ʮ꣬ʮ겻㳤ħСЩҪʮ꣬Щġ
⻰һЩǰ˵ûʲôã˵ʮйС
ٹӢٹ꣬ʮ˵Ҳܳˡ
ǰŮӿħ谮ֻħҲͬ˵
˶һۣЩ⶯ٹӢǵõõС
޷ͬٹǰ죬´ٺ˵һͺá
һʮĿǣǰλħЩ
ԥ죬˴ԼҲЩˣ˵ͷãȥſһ
ǲʧġ
Ц
ħЩĿУɹλħѡħ谮ָմԵҲֻ뿪ħ
λսͣҪǻٹϵϵߵĹ룬һ֮ǰͬ˵õĵطӴһţƽ̵ʱһܿġ
ĹͨѶЩʧ飬Ҳûսһ֮󣬸ڵȵȴ㷢һս
һ˶ԻһλƮƮݿ塣
ν˼ۺ죬ħȻˮݡ
˺ôľ˵˵ŰȰæǣ
ͬԴӦԮ֣λǰš

ȻҲ֡¡ˣЩЦλҲҴħţ֪ұֿˡ
֪ͻȻֱ֮ˣӦ󣬻ܴ
¿ɺãȫײһˡ
˼תعͷͬλħ崫еľߣƫ壬ħδλҪļȿ
ٹӢü㲻𣿡
ǰкü˵ʵҾӦʲô壬ΪζҪ켫ڣ˽нҲ֮һ˵̳һλУõһλŵӦҲ˵Ļߣ漰ǧ
Ȼħ¼һ޶ߣȻħ֮˶㹻ľηģϾԭҲһٹӢٹһۣɫ΢࣬ͬˡ
Ϊ±Ǹߣ˳ͻʲô¡
ǽΪУǲɵӡ
һͷ΢ƺҲ崫˵ЩʲôƽϢħĿȻԵ⡣
а˸Ĵָ
԰ǿˣѾмµ츳ˣ켫ڹˣƽҲõΣˡ
٩һ䣬ɫݣֻü۽ЩЦݣͽһĿ⣬ûж˵ʲôɫ䵭ó󣬴ħ׼ڡ
һԶ켫ڣ켫ƽ̸֮£೤ֽžơ
ȵħ֮Σѹͷվǳ֮ƣȻǿǿѹţڻãͥȴЩֻ̬ϲ˶೤ʱ䡣
ԱǰҪڴ˶ŹǣҲ˵˵Լ
ƽûǰϵûʲô֮ɫ
ϱ¶һ˿Ц⣺ƽ̿ж˰ɣҵȿڣ
켫ƽ̵жԶ꣬˽ΪźıԣȴʮʣѯʣֻѾ˾顣
켫ƽɨЦݣЩͣϼһﵹһϻۡ
϶һ䣬պ΢䣬Ȼ켫ϺһŹϷڣΪǿڱڣȻ
⻰͸һǿҵ֮⣬ɱϡ
Ҳгִͬ
ƽ̣ȳҲԵžηҲǸӼɵǰΧڣͥΪ̬ǲʲô¡
켫ƽ̲δΪⳤ˵Ҳеʲôר֮ˣȻϲǰ취϶ãӺϯɳҪʱ䣬ǲܸôʱ䣬켫һǿƣֶֻβ˾£һʱ֮ƣվ޷á
Ҳʵ
̫ðˣ֮ټͥ壬ֶγȥһţȻҲҪ˼ƽֿ̣ں
˵꣬˷øΣȡֻܱС
۷׷ףƽȴڸߴȴǽ˵һ飬ٴοڣǼϣò
һ仰˵˰أƽһüͷ΢壬ӽӽóһ鴫Ѷ
ʶ̽룬ĶϢ֮켫ƽĿ𽥱þֻһ⾪ֱһʮֵı飬ŴѶÿõʮĻš
Ͽڣƽ̣
켫ƽŻعɨ۵ڶ೤Ϻ͸߲㣬ЩӵˣҲˣʱڣһ켫Ӧû֮Σֻζڱɡ
˲ʲô
켫ƽԻӦв֪ǰЩʱգӺ͸ӣ̹ЩȥĹ
Ĺ
гϾҲ̫Σˣƽ̣ôȥôΣյĵطǿʮ
ⲻֱ
¶ɫ켫ƽ̲Цصǣ̳й崫Уϯܹħ崫УĹǶûôΣա
˵Ѿв˲²⵽һǰ㣬Ҳ쿪ڣƽǰ˵Ǻйء
켫ƽѵõʱЦҴѶõλһλǿߣҪ켫ھס
λǿҲʲôǿ֮ˣҪĲʵݡ
ڸҴɱ켫ڵӣǸɱ֮ħ˲࣬һϣڱħʱһĿ꣬λϹŰ֮ŭƴ;ҲҪǿɱ뵽Ӧħ巽֮ǰǵݾһ롣
켫ƽһԼĶӲΪ˴ȲϷС۶࣬û뵽ҲһǷСҲδɣһΪžƿģҲΪӵı¡
ƽ̻ûİӣյӵĴѶ
ǰ֪ʲôʱ򷢸ģĹӰ죬ǸߵȼĴѶҲʱʱ飬һȻǽѾĹŷ
ֻм֣Լ˵Ҳħλǿߣϣƽ׼ǿߵľס֮⣬гѭ±£켫кüλ¡
ƽɫ΢Ц˲佩ϡ
³ϼסΪʲô⣬мʮֽƽ̣
òִʲôѶϢǲõϢɣ
켫ƽûп˵ʲôجģֻھĬ֮סüģ̾Ҳħλǿ߹ãħԵҲʲô˼ˡ
ħ˴УһţֻҪƽ¶ˡ
⵽Ǻ£ƽ̾Ϣһ뵽Щϸ֦ĩڵ黹Ҫȥƣֻ֧ʼһԸȥϣִжӼأѸȫڣ߳ϣȥִԺһˣжõͥԺԹħǿ߾ס
һһϸطԸȥ֮󲻻ʲô⡣
Զ켫֮⣬ڷϣͽһβԶľ룬һǰһطš
ǱҲ֪Ǻߣһ߿ƷһЦݵӢǲ̫࣬ǼǳħЩƣҵĵֻܳԺȣòģҲˣˡ
΢٣Ǳ߿һֻۣƣ̫塣
ѹԼͷٵͬ˵һ飬ĩ˲ŵҪܣĿǰֻ֪ǿǧ˵ȥ
һΪѵģٹӢٹЩڣϾղʶ֣أ˻Ǿ߶ͷá
ٴ¶Цݣȵغѡ˵
䣬Сᵽᡢ顢ڣ˵΢ĩʱ衯¡
л˵
ɾһλǸš
켫ƽ̣
#񲻸ˣȻǽ#
#˭ܳΪԩ֣Ҳ#


119 
ص켫ʱ ƽ̲δ֣һڳϺ͵ɽſӭӣ˻У ˽Цݣ ֻϸȥܷЦЩӲ
ΪͷԼ÷Բʮﶼĵط ӡд֡
ʣ òĿ
һдģӭħ֮ٹӢС㡢ٹ켫档
һдǣף¡ǿңǰ켫ڳס
֮ǳĿԡ顣
켫ƽ֮û Ϊ
ⲻ˵ Ǹṩġ
νֲЦˣȻҪ˼ҵȻǶ๧άЩ λû̫ӵԸ ʱͲԹۣ켫ڴˡ
ƽǰʵһһ˵
ΪأЭˣô£ ˴
Ȼ ٹӢٹλңǰٶˡ
ħ¸߶˴ϵΣ ʲôҲô飬͵֣ǳô ûôӵӭӷʽ ܾЩģ ־Ī飬 ܡ
Ͼ˶ġ
λӭӡάУ λħ壬һλʵҲǿЩãȻб˴ӵ˽ȥ½͸л˵ϼ仰
ɫ΢ϸϤ֮ɫ𣬶л㡣
лʲô
һȺţ΢ЦȻҲϣϯļҶܺúõģûʲôѣҲֻʣ׽֮ˡ
΢΢ͷֵһˣˣ
ûС
ҡҡͷٹ߳ŭһĻһѹѯʵӣûСûС
֪ôݡ
֮ǰĴ֮Уͽ鲻һʵغϵĲ̫࣬ҲиҰһģ
ʲô
ˣ´ɡ
ͻȻӦ÷ʲźʡ
˻ͷҲδ׷ʣֻºͿ˷ۣʣµгϺƽǰţȥϢ
ô˵𷴵Цͬ
ɫһĿЩԾŲ
ˣסԺʵ׽
˶⣬Ҳǰ֮ˣִԺΪ㰲һԺӰɣס
ħģΪһеȻ⡣
ˣϯǹģģ˵Ժסͦõġ
󷽣֮⻹ЩҪţ漰ħ壬ҲٴգұҪ뿪
뿪
Ȼô˵ɫ΢١
⼸븶ദʹʱȴҲַĵ׽ͿģҪ뿪вһȻʧ֮С
оԭеġ
ֳЩңȸ˵Щʲôأ¶ЩǿЦݣȻڲҲƽһʱ䣬һ⣬ҪעⰲȫȥһλΪ㻤켫дףƽ̻ͬġ
лĺ⣬ˡ
ȻܾЦԴ룺ȻϯֿЩΪҰźãͲӷˡ
ϱЩǿЦⶸȻסԶ׼ʧ䣬ʧҲԼҲδ
Ǹ𿴵ʧ֮⣬Ц绨ϯֿͻȻǰͬ˵ĻЩ漰켫ڣҲҲȥѰԼδûвɢϯģʱ䣬Ҷſǡ
˵ٶĻҲûڣĬãͳؿڣʲô𣿡
ָ𣬵Լ򦣬ϸԼܿǵһμʱЩĽ֮⡣
룬ɵػشĴߣν쳾ģҲҸһУˣλʦֽ㣬ҿȥ
ԭֻǳĬͳţͻȻһˣ΢ۣ
š
Цŵͷ㻹ǲǵãҺ㡢ʦʦһǵһμʦ֣ʱҾ;Ըܿʣɢ޻ŵӣ㣬ʵҺĽ
ֵ֮̾ǸƼ֮ˣҲ͸ĺΪҡ
𡭡
ͻһ֮ɫ뿴ȴ֪Ҫô˵ǺۣǼΪģȥˡ
֮̾󣬸ϵļ֮⣬¶ϾЦˣ˵ô࣬ʵҲú˵Щƽ޹㵣ģǻȥɣ⼸ȷʵˣҲúϢϢպ֮»Ҫϯ֧š
䣬ȥ
ȴԼֱ۱ץסͷۡӡ޷˵
ӴȴֲòڣЩҧ𣬱ȥҺۡ
ЦüۼɫһЦݻһЩȻᣬȴһ˿ƶӣȻѣҲ޷˭˭ϵΪϯѾظ߹㣬Һϯֿˣδǹͬľ
Ҳǡֻǡ
Щֱ˫ۣȴץֱۣûзſ
ĸã˿ƽзӿ̧ͷ˵ĺͷʦֿܷľ޷һȥҡ
ӿֳõ粨ӿ
㡣
һװס˵Լ⣬һϣŢĵס
𷽲Ź뿪ʵҪΪ˫޹֮û뵽ȻôֱӣͻȻ˵һ˵װס
Ŀ΢Ĭ죬𴽽΢в֪ӹʲôͻȻϯ
ʦܣ
ԭڼΪŵµȴУ⧲ȴͻȻ٣üԶ٣˵õֵܣõѡ
ĬĬƽĿ޷⣬ֵֻܺ𣿡
ٴס
ЩΪʲôôʣ˼ʵشҰֵܿ
⻰ûʲô⣬ҲȷʵԼ˵
ɸȴھ֮ͻȻ¶һ˿Щ̾ЦĿ⾡ȥָֻѰģ
Ц˵ȻˣԸǻ¡𣿡
ԭֿһ˲ͨҲЩ޴롣
ҡ̫ˣʦܡ
޷ȷʦһʱǵ˳õľΪڱչأ໰Ǹͬ˵ģֻһʱ⽫˶
Ӳη߲ǰ֮ˣԼõֵܺõŮǰ̲ס˼һв̤
˵ף̫ⷽ͸𣬺͸ȫһԲ֮ĶԻ͸𷴸òȻûеõĽ
ȻԸҲǵһ֪ȻⷽȻּ֣Ͽ˼̫֮٣֮˸࣬ⱾǽʣЩҲͷٳΪֵܡ
콾֮ˣЩ޷ҡ
¶΢ЦδŭӵļЦЦѣӲطϣȻȥϢˣҲϢ⼸ȷʵͦ۵ġ
˵ԽݸһЦת뿪ԺӵķȥֻһЩ궯ġ
ȥ·ϣϵͳɻΪʲôԷٵĿ
仰ʵڸ˵Щ
ûлشʣ¹һ֮µ𣿡
񡣡
ϵͳϵƶ㶥뷨˲ͬ
ǰֲǸľͷ׮ӣ˵ϲңҵȻҪһˡ
ϵͳЩû
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ܵ²ֻǰϲ𣬿Ժأܱ֤ὫĸתƵϣǽԷٵĸתƵϣǺߣͬ飬ãԺǸΣҲΪϲ𣬾ڴ˿̽ҵݸҿУΨһ
ԡܽ᣺̸ʲô飬ֻΪ˫õģԺԺ˵ΪֵҲû˵ʵҾԷٵֵ飬պ£׵һ죬¸Ҳƫֵ顣
Ͼֵȷʵ
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½ϵͳһЦ˵ˣо仰˵úãϦϵͳ鰮ģֻҪһʵΪء
л˵
밡ڰˣԺݱ¶˼ҰҵֵܣҶΣ˯һ˯ʵԺ˵סǿ졣
ϵͳС£õģˣ
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120 
ϵͳ䣬 ûٶ£ת֮׵Ժ
ڶգȥٹӢٹã Լõ׻ʹĴȥ֮ ȥƽ̡
Դ֪ͷ١֡ƽ̶̬ȱ࣬ ̸ʱ ҲԵøº͡
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š
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깲ͬһ·׼ͽֵ
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棬Ҳ쳣ֿ˵ʱĻš
º͡ƽݵ𣬴ʦܳأѰһӣ˼һ档
仰ǳĻɣǵ顣
΢ɺܿڹȥð
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Щʵͽûйά㣬ġ
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ʱ˵ԽӾҲδܷ֣˵ʱҶˡ
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ϵͳ˵ͷ
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𷽲ƺЩסֻ˵˾һۡ
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ļ΢·ͻȻһ㱡
л˵
ʱʼ
ӻûǷ룬ҪΪʦ̫ģ˵ȥ˼Ҷš


121 
ġ졯ֻ˼Ƭ̣ ܿŲôħúȥ桯¶ϣȫ֪Щϸ΢ٶһЩġ
ֻĵ׻ʲô಻һЩˡ
֮ ܿٹӢٹã ʱͥԺгԿ⣬ Ա߻̷һˣ һ ½½ʦá
һ ɻǣ
½ʦæһߣǱԶС˵ʦ㣬 ħǲ¶ޣҸоⶼûԹ
˵ȥ˼Ҷţ ħ֮ˣ˵ʲôߣݸ߹󣬾ȻһͨĿˡ
Ҳһ˲뵽ʲô Ÿħʼ壬 ȷʵ¶ ʳ˼̻ġ
¶ǲúȣзḻӳɣֻһζ 
Ʒ ֻ˵żһͦõģ ¶ Աٹȵʲô
ڸ֮ܲˡ
ѹǾȻҲҳš
ħ徹Ȼڴס ԭǳʳˣӣֻʱǲȥˡ
½ʦ˵˼䣬ЦߵߣǼĿ⣬λϲʳ
ٹЩ䵭Ҳô˵˿һֱڳԣٹӢѰ˸϶ͬ˵ʲôΪʲôô㣿
ӦǸϰɡ
½⡣
Աߵ½ʦЦ˵㡢ҹݡǡζСλǰҪϲٸһЩ
ٿֻ
ЦͬҼǵʦòˡ
û⣬ȥ׼Եȡ
Դϴκ͸һȥڣ½ʦñ࣬ټ˶ЦҲó࣬ƺ˼ֲָЦˡľ衣
뿪ͬħλʦͦõģ츳ҲҪƽʲôԷԸȥ
ٹӢԼһۣ⣬ǲ׳ĶһЩ
Լˣ̫ˡ
Цݸô˵Ҳû½ܾ
½ʦöԣλħ֮˽ӴҲһ£ν쳾֮½Ϊ
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ٹӢµմһЩգȴ飬ڸʳ仰̵֮סһʱɣŲ
ãֻҪǿľͺãѣϣÿģ
ϵǻ˵ĻӦһ䣬ǳԵĿ٣ٽʳǱ߸һЩɣʳһҪ
ٹӢЩֻ˵һ֣á
ȻͻȻࡣ
ҲԸǳԶܿЦŸǡ
תȥʳá
ϵͳЩ棺Ҳˣ
ͷûӣǰҺˣħ嶼ʳ˼̻ҲЩȷʵʳҲֻûԹʳɲСӦö׼һЩʳڽӽУӽʳﲻʣʱĹȥû׼ܹǿ߳Ҵܡ
취Щףɻ˵׼á
һϲδѣȥʳԺʳԺ߸Ѹʳһ飬˸СһЩĽӽš
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ֻϢʱ䣬ƽɽſڣԵЩֲ̿
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ϤĴУƽҲҸ߾˲裬ֻ̬ʡС㣬ⷢ˿
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ʮֵѰһλ£仹м͡
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˿ǺϸģЩ˿뿪ٹ֮ź⣬ʲôһ㣬͸ˡ
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ٹȻӲˣһЧңҲܺü֡
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գգۣȻش𣺡ǰɡ
ԼεģӦǿҲٹԴİɡ
Ŀ϶شƽЩ򴽽ǣѹסнţͻȻ֡ͨ£ԸΪСЧСһС˹ɫȻܵõ񰮡
Ųյ΢΢һ١
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ƽɫ΢ţæ˿ѵǡ֮ᷢ⣿

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ΪٹʱãʵֻͷװΡ
ѵɫЩڣⲻùĵģԼıֱǡ
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ƽ̵ͷȥֻȻ뷨
λ˵谮˵󻹻֮ӣĵϵʱԵĵϵ㶼ҪģҪЧһˣȻλĵϵ˲ܵԹ
ƽ÷ǳȴ˵ȥˡ
ڶܿ뿪ڡ
뿪֮ʱ̲סԺкϵͳԹƽ̻ô꣬ôһɫûУҺǰֵ飬ٴҲǽָүүĹϵаģҺͽ˫޿ǿúܿģЦҸֻһ飬ڶǵá
ϵͳҲ͵ƽûֵܣɡ
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伮УȷʵСᷢһ˵ǵͷǲ׸˵ġ
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ķ˿ҲǸö
šϵͳҲ
һԼһһ͸ƽ̷ˣ
ֱӷ꣬¶һЩԩ֡Цݣ뿪ڵؽ硣
ںֻףɷ٣ϢǱţصԼһˡ󷨵ĵ±չҡ
չһʱ䣬ٴӱչ߳ԺӺΥʿ
Ŷƺֻص˴ǰصպͽһ̽ؾʱ
Ȼճأûüһ桮ֵܡһϢ
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ǣǺΫi衣
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ǰôҲҪ˵䣬ԼѾûʲô뷨ϢҲֻЦͦʵġ
Ȼ֪µشʦȴЩ꣺ʦǲ֪Ǽʦ㲻Ը֮ǰɽſ˼ˣҽʦ֣ʦûǣ㣬˵ǼƽһУԸ޸Ϋi衣ʱô߰һֻýʦ֣Ҳһ졣
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Ե΢Цʱһ
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Խ˽⣬پԼܿܰסࡣ
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ڡʦܵͷסִԺԱߵС¥
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𣺡⻰޷ش㣬ȥʷʦܣ׿ڻشߣûзֿʦܺһˡ
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죬ŵûʸ˵⻰Ҳͬ˵ʲô
ҵȻ֪Ҳ֪ǷֿҲδܵ÷ʦֵģҲںһȻǼãܣҲûпչһ಻ڡֻǽʦֲԼʱֻ̫ܵʦְˡ
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#ʣϹŴҸô죿ߵȣ#
ͷ


122 ˵ļ
ǰˣ һʦ֣һİĽߣ˵ʵ û뵽һջܿһȲ裬 Ͼ֮䱾Ҳûʲôʡ
ʦִ˵ûдôʦøûŴУ ˴һ ܻҪֳʲô¶
ģ ʦã ̫֮š
˽ݴЦźۼתƻ⣺Ҹճأ ʦ˵׼ʦֿ֪Ǽ٣
ı˽˸ĻŲžϣ ϾĺΫiڹϵ˵ιࡣ
û뵽ǣ龹Ȼͬʱü΢ࣺʦܣǼĲˣڵҲʲô αػע
Ҳʦ֣ Ůű㲻ʲôö ΫiǾ䣬ʦֺαΪϧҲǼԼľˡ
٣
û˵ϧżİɣĵֶûᣬ λôһӾ뵽ģ
Цݽһ˲ ٺܿͣ˵ʲôأ˵ں Ǽ£ ˣҶûʲô룬 ǿҪᡣ
˵ŻҲϥ£ԸԸ˱裬һڣ޵費ʣʦʲôͬ˵𣿡
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鲻ǸϲߵŮӣ˵£׻мֲ˼˵䣬Ųߣ𣺡ʦ֣ҿĿ»㣬˵ֵرֻǲ׷ʦֽʱһҪϿ
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ٵͷʾģԲˣʦҲ⡣ֻǼƽͻȻ⣬֮ж
֮ǰ˵ˣɵƶѵĹϵһļ޹ȥڹϵβƣҲǼƽ̵ľģ˵Ǹƽ̵ĳ⡣
ʱ켫ûʲôӰ죬δȴ˵켫Զǰϵпɣϵ񻯣֮˯
Щû˵Ϊǻϯ켫ڲʲôѺùϵ
λƽ̬Ҳʱ
˵йڼڵ¶ֵʦ֣ͬʦѰһؾؾȼͣʵһҪʿɷѹ󡣡
⻰һ֮ⲻھơ
ٻûӦĮʲôؾ
ԼҲ֪ʦֵϵã鿴һֻۣĬûһߵؾӦλʦʮɽЩϹʱڴµġ
˵Ϲʱڣʶħ
ǡȴƶҡͷϹʱڳħѪҺͺʦܶһ
ؾΣտǴϾǶǲѺãС
תʦȤ𣿡
ͽһʵĿ죬ЩһϯʵѾԵĲ࣬˵Ƕϲ㣬ⲢһߵؾɣߵؾشҲôȻȻҪΪ为
Ӷؾ˵Ժ⼸˳ȥûʲôȤԼȴܿͷʦȥȻͬ
žʱȶ뿪ŴҲѰ£ǲֻƾ쳵Խ䵣ģͬȥ
ҲӦ¶ЦݣֶͺʦûѡûУǶˣңʦ֣ٽϳʦܺĪʦܣλʦܽĶ࣬Ҳһͬȥ
ͥΪ֮ӣȷʵ٣Ƿһ·δܸĽ̶һ겻켫شеٮٮˣĪʦ÷پȡ
֮ӱ찮ٶȣλĪʦܷͻȻһ㣬ʦ˵һĴǰģ˿ȥмᣬλشҲ켫ڵĺĵˡ
ǹʦһЩ˶ãҲԽشˡ
Сܶôɫʵͦĵġ
ƽλʦܶϣԼˣҲġ
ҡҡͷûзԣҺͺʦˣؾȼЩߣҪʦеףؾýƾ£иһһϸ֣ʦֲøķֳɡ
ԭչأǸøһЩģȥؾˡ
ҲؾǴʦ죬ȷʵûЩ˼Щʦʦá
Ǳô˵ˣͬʦ˵ãԼʱűչôЩʱգҾùͷӲˡ
ЩչһֱۣЦЦҲҪúǣһŴ䣬ƽϿǲÿ
΢ƺһŴ䣬ܿȻģֻǷʦѰȵģģҲ
ֹάôһ࡯Ů˵رܳĸоЦЩδ¶ʲôֻ˾䣺ʦùˡ
ںʦܣͥͥһࡣ
֮̽˵ã˼䣬ͬһ߳ľ
ȥ·ϣɫƽһ𣿡
ɫ΢¶һ˿ЦֻЩ㣬Ҳʦõ̬ȣǲ˵ʲôʦòһǸߵȼؾΣҲߣǳʲô⣬Ѵ̡Լг̣Ӧȥڣ֪ûУûʱͬһ𡣡
ϸһȻƽûоȻǰº͵ͷá
ٲ֪⡮áʲô˼ϲӦҲûʲô⣬ûٶ˵ʲô
˷ֿ֮Ϊ˱ȥһٹӢٹľ
λħʳ޷԰ΣѾ˺ö첻ͬʳûĴ㡣
ٵŰݷã޵رԼݣλϲȥЦ˵λæ
ٹӢЩϰ븶ȫͬģ˵ˬʲô£
λΪߣݸ߹ӦڳĴѶɣ֪ɷһٹˣ˵Щļ⡣
ǲٹָӾȵ谮֮ˣѵûͨڵĴѶ
ʵڲǰٹҪҲ֪壬Сħ壬ҲٹҲˡ
ΪԼǰƭˣĴһۣ͵͵ذٹͷ˿óһ¡
Ϣй¶ֻһ£˻ȥųϿҿڣ״ͣûƭǣǰʵˡ
ٹʶǶʱ״̬ҲûʲôѶĹ˯һֱȥݷЩ飬ҲûҪѶ£ǵҪһͨѶʽϾһϡһϹʱڻǺ˽ģҲ֪ؾĵϸ
ЩϹĩΪʳ̫ΣգÿǲǼ
ٹӢٹȴͷ˿һ¡
û˵ƽͬĻ˶˶ٹӢɫ΢ࣺԣֻܴѶгϣ޷ֱ絽ٹˡ
Ǹͷ˿ڣ˵ȷʵٹ谮ǲԸ⣬״ٹ˺ħĳǲС
ʵ̫лˣʱҪȥؾʱٴЩʳǳԡ
Ц飬ħЩ˼
ħݲͣħһվٹ־ת谮ĳ̶ֳ˵ݱǸߣԼô˷ЩӦ
ΪǵĴѶٻһЩʱ䣬ɹٹ
λȻٹ޵ſڣٺ˵˵˵ȥٹ
˳˯֮У޷ŲҲ޷뿪Ĺ־δ˯ߣٹöѶ޵С
Ȼٳɹٹ˻
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ô˵پϴβ׼Ĺ˵컰𣿿ԼҶ˳Ҳܹң
֮˦һǸ֡
ҲЩֻĮȻʲô£
ٱѯʣʮɽǲиߵȼĴؾ֪𣿡
֪
ٹ޲ûһ˿ͣ٣˻ûС
ɫһϢ֮𴽽ǣе̿Ŷ
һ̾´Ѷֻ˵һ䣺ټ
Ȼ׼ж϶Ի
ָշ£ѶоʹٹЩջұ²ţ
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ϤĻѿڶӵҪʵģٸҼ͹ȥϴǲ̫ˣûϵ⻹пҰģ̽ͼᣬϸ棬Ӿʢ硣
𣡡
꣡
ٱһŵĶˣһܣֲϢ̽ٹӢٹʮֶصرܿٹ̸ߵԶȥˡ
ٲ˿΢΢Թ磬´֮ǰܲ˵һ䣬ţģһĹ衢ıȫˡ
ߡ
ٹȻһߣܲ
յ£ھٹȥ켫㡣
棬΢΢üɣ㶼ôʱˣ㿴ⶫߣ㿴ңȻıǧҲ治ɫңǰĶ˵ȥ˼һЦġ
ıǧ᣿治ɫң
ٹÿظһ伸֣˵Ȼ˹ȵףܺãȻôյñʶʶϯ磬ҿ࡮
⻰ˣָȥҪһٳ
ЩڸǰһεǻˣʵҲͦõģЩСŮôİ
˵ǧȻǸݴʣ濴ô࣬Ҳ֮ǰĴ￴˼ˣŵ˵ٹⶼ
и̣ȴЦݡ
磬ҪûʲôµĻҾͲˣ⴫ѶһûٹӢء
ٹδͬ⣬ƺĬһϢһϢ֮ڵöѶš

ôʲôű±̽˼
ûûУ֮á
Υĵһ䣬üۣɫЩͳߵٹӢǰǸ˼öѶֻҪһʱ䣬㲻ˡ
ٹӢûʲôϾ߻ٹĴѶãֻЩҪ
û˵꣬ѶдϤ
ٹӢٹɫһæ£
һٸæǣ˵˼仺͵ĻŰǰá
ѶУٹȴûںߵһߺȻʮɽϹʱڿвٴ̾ᣬͳ˵Ҳ޷ֱ˵˭
΢٣¶ϲɫԭ֪ûϵǵ˾λãݸ㵽ʱٿûӡ󡣡
ƾʲô

ƾʲô㣿
ٴ΢СЩĹ
رٴˣ
ٹô˵ϸ⣺˵ҪرҵĶ˵Ǿ֮ͣҰûˡħ顯ҲðΣյģôҲֵܣֵ֮仹ô
˵һ顣

ٺһͣƲã̸ĿڣǺᣬĺᣬɡ
žડһٹǱֱӶ硣
ֻʣϯĴѶסԭء
ĬãϵͳϹŵǿ߶ôź𣿷ҪڣҲûһ˵ڰ
ϵͳƽҲֻ߳ŭ֮ǰİãڹҲ硣

ٰ˰üģͻȻЩͷۡ
ϵͳҲӦȥѧϰһôˣָүүĺѺŶ
Ҿÿԡ
ϵͳԺлûһ鼮㿴
鼮ƽƽķ棬ֻǷд˼֡ӦԸļ׷
ҳĿ¼ϵһкȻдţ
1.׷Ҫʰ쵵ĺô죿
2.׷ȡִƢʱ
3.Լ׷ʱһסһס
4.
ٷ˼ҳⶫôóˣ֪ôˣƽ֡
л˵
٣׵ģȻҸÿ飬ƽ̴һ㣬ƽԡ
ٹ񣺣
ƽ̣
#Ȼϵͳǳ#


123 ٴγ
˵ ˳Ҫͬƽ̱һ㵱ƽʵһ¡
һϯᡣ
켫ƽ˵ʲôֻ΢Цͷ Ȼ̾;ǵģ ˵öԣ뷨
켫ƽ˵ǣʮɽؾ΢΢ü ûֹǳţ ֻ΢ࣺؾΣգ ͨҲûʲô̫ƣ кܿߵȼߣǱ£ͥСҪȥ ȥ ǲκʲôؾֲֻһ
΢Ц޵ǵģ˵öԣ뷨
켫ƽ̣
һ˲䣬ƽ̵Ϊ ëȻ֮Ȼ
Сʲôë ͻȻ˵ƤҪˡ
ƽʶԶЩ û㷢ʲôë
ϯȻĿעȾ˼˿Ǹ⡣
ü˳۵ò죬ҵĴ ҪΪҶġ
켫ƽ̣
һΣ ƽ̶֮ ѵ⣬ ΢΢򴽣 źۼվԶһЩˣֱԹ˷٣Щͬ˵ȥһҪעȫУҲҪͺۣźͥͬ켫ڹϵһ㣬˵Դ˴⣬֮Ĳޡ
ס
ɫƽͷͺ۾Ͳ̫׽ȻмַǷʦܣĵûʲô֮ġ
뵽Աߡ
Ͱ΢Цԭأͷʦֺƽ̷ģһὫǵĽ̻μС
Ȼһ˼
ʵϣٴ˿Ҳͬϵͳ˵
޵Ȼã㿴ƽ̽նˣڰϿ϶ҲЧ
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ϵͳعϲһ䣬һҲûΪԼ빦˼
Ƿ𣺡ģĹҶˣҾҳɹ񣬾Ƕõı˵𣿡
ϵͳ
Ĭ죬Щͳԡ
̫ѧã켫ƽ˻㣬ϡ
ȻǸרעҵĺء
ԺеĶԻ˲ʵУ켫ƽʵùĿⶢ˺һڷ΢Цļ϶Ȼ֣һưϡ
ٲʶָһڼʱӦ
ƽ̰Ķ΢΢񣬰죬գգۣȻ᣺ʲôҪԸ𣿡
켫ƽջƣ૵ûᡭ
üԶ׼塣
ûᣬСôͻȻӣ
ٴգۣ鲻䣺˵ЦˣӵȻûᣬֻ⼸ʹ˼ʹǰ̫ǳӦТ˳ǣ˵𣿡
ͱ׽
켫ƽ̽û˶֮ԶһЩŵαܣ֮ԼŰ졣
õġ
ٴֽ֮ҲԴĿ⿴΢΢һЦеʦ֣ǶԼˣԼ˾͸׽Щ˵أ
ڽʦֲƽ̣ȻĿһɺܿͷջ죬һʦ˵ǡ
ⳡ֮켫ƽ̿˳۵ġ
סüģʼˣˣ֪ˣȥɡ
õģƽټ
뿪֮ǰףǲţԸƽ̷˶ɹһҸʱ⡣
켫ƽʵûסϵķ˼
˵ʲôСôãڷˣ
ɷȴûٶ˵Цݣͬ߳ƫ
ƽ֮һȥ
ͺۡλʦѾĺеˡ
ߣһЦƽƢԽˡ
仰ûֵ˵ָʱ
ͬڵ֮УҲͷʦĹ͡
ʦô˵ɷˣҳҲܻƢֻ⻰ƽҪˡ
⼸ȫЦΪ뽭ϤҲɻʲô
Ȼͬˣ¶һ˿ǳЦݣüۼ䵭ɲǻȥº˼֣ȴ˵棬м֣أʦܣֵһҺܿġ
Ļ˵ڣĬʲôϲѹǸмΡҲ֮ڿڣֱӱʵټ
һ£¶Ц˽ļȻԷһЩ⶯Щ֣˿ںֻ§šֵܡļЦҲܿģʦ֣Ҫһӵֵܡ
ݣȫ۵ףֻЩͷá
Կóڷֵܵĸ鲻ȶԸ٣ֻǸͲһ縶ͬϵͳ˵
һҲ޷ȷδ׸뽫ֵܻǵ¡
һƺҲֻܵȴδһ죬Ҳֱܷ
˹ϵǢ˵˵ЦЦ켫ĺС
ͺۣгʦܡĪʦѾȴ˴ˣʦֻʮ䵭ͬһãȻеͬ˵ȴһ飬䵭Ҳû˿⡣
˷ǼЩ̣ڣҪȥؾΪؾģҲ̫Ӧòϴֽȥֿ֮
˵ϴָؾ
ǾͺáٽĻͷǴܵؾǶΣռٷֻֿǻʮִ֮Σ
ûйĨǣλʦʦҲûн⻰ȻΪͬ콾ԴϴŴ֮Ǳ֪ٺͽλʦֵΪܺһϵᲢۣǲͬһϡ
˵˼仰𽥻ԾЩһϲѵĺʦܿİĪ
ЦʦϴμˣλĪʦҲʦ𣿡
ȷٻشĪޱ鿴ƽԸΪʦЧȮ֮͡
⻰˵Щˣһʦֵ֮䲻Ĵݡ
һ£ЩʧЦʦֱ棬ǽĽ
ô˵л䡣
ʱҲЩλʦܣƤλʦȫƾԼˬԸѣ
ֻĪȻţͫһŨīԺ۵Ŀ佱û˿ݡ
һԵĳͥ׼ۣҲһȥºʦΣ͵ʦּ£ʦ
⻰˵ȻЩȻΪǰĪӡ
ͥҲ֪ô£ʦͻȻӣ˵Ҳûʲôã۸ˣܾʦȻ˼ء
ĽͣյûĬȥۺܿͺͳͥˣ˳ҷϳµա
鲻˵һߣҲԣʦһһߡ
Щؿżװ壬Ǳλʦ̸Ц˵ĵÿ
ȴûעǱߣĿ⵭ɨվڷһͷһξĪλʦܿĿЩ֡

ȻЩûӦ˳ĿƳһۣ˵ʲô
ϸ۲˼ۣڼ仹ĪʦЦЦȻõĪЩӲʮеĻЦ
ջߣȻûʲôְʦǲǿˣ
СܻǶĹӣЦܿԲῴ
ʮƶ԰ռǱߣļЩνʦ֣עˣؾҿûһװ磬ǿߣһϳʱƽʡ
һֱǱߵĪֱٵĻ˵꣬ŻջĿ⣬δȴȴȻƽʦܵġ
л˵
֡
٣ɶ֣ǿ̫ϤˣҶôңϰ߾ͺãʦ֣Щˣĵ¡
µĪʦܣĿҰʦֶЦˣģ


124 
ͽһȥһǷϲġ
ʦ Ӳ޹ԣֻؼʱ̲óѰʱ
һ·ȥʮɽ ·;㲻رңԶ ʮɽǴأ޷ֱӳ˷Խ Լ˱ʮɽԵ· һ߷ һ߲ǰ
⼸յûʲô 󲻹Ǻʦںͳʦ죬ʮɽԵ·֮ ձࡣ
֮Ķ࣬ ҲΪͬȼʮɽȲĹΣճ̶ȶԷȴ
ĹΣҪħ壬ġͷ硯ϤˣʮɽǴأ ˵̾ вƽͬޡ
Ȼ ⶼǴ˵ʮɽ߼ޱ޼ʣûзҲ ˵ ĴûôΣգ ߵȼĴǻ۱Ȼߣ ֻҪǼʹ壬 Ǻ켫гͨ޶ΪԼôһУʵûôߵģԱ£Ǻ
ʱΪ𣬱鲼ĺֻããжռһ֮ذˡ
˷ΪչʦʦãΪһЩĪʦм䣬ʦܺͺʦܴ֮ʦٴ֮ͽΧ
ʮɽԵڣƬѲʱ·Χïֲܴ֣צּžһЩУֻһ߶
һһϲ˵ĺʦ̲ס̾ʦ֣˵ʮɽжأ
֪ЦŻɽޱ޼ʣ˵иߵȼʮҲδѰ߾ʮɽߣͬһ޼ʣж󣬵ʦƽ̵ΪȻһ̽
ô˵ЩʧЦʦ˵Цˣܴﵽƽ̵ΪֻζҪЦѡ
ͥƽ̿ʮеٮٮߣ켫ƽҲûаʤ˵ǵǿ֮һҲΪ
ݽ桢£ܴܲﵽȲ˵ûУǶȻûܴﵽġ
Ȼ֮ͥˣٻϤĽ̵ʦܣԼϣԶҲ޷Ϊˡ
۴Цݵסƺĳֳ˼֮УԱߵ顢ͥͬˡ
ãλʦܲ˿ԷٳһҾϵʦֽ̻壬۱ġ
ĸлʦֵ콾֮ᣬͥ켫ڹϵһ㣬Բôġ
ټʮˬʵعЦԼֵܣô
仰˵꣬ͻȻоһǿҵעӣʶȥ㿴˲һԡĿЩǿҵӡ
ûʲôرı飬Ȼº⣬ɾƽ÷޶Щ·
ʱʡԼղ˵ĻԼ˵һ䡮Լֵܡ
ܳΪԼֵֻܵнһϾƽ常ˣȻƽûдӦ
ȻֻһġԼֵܡ
٣
ʦִ׶ˣ˵İôܴۺԼֵһ
΢΢򴽣ŲߣҲýֻͣѸӹ⡣
𣺡ǷֵǸؾʮɽĸλã
룬ŵǲδȥǸؾһؾ̽еõһǿĲرͼͼʾԼʮɽǧңһϿڣһ֮ţϵ˫ͼΪؾͼĲʲʲôŵرʱ̫ãҺʦ㿴֮ͻɷɻˡ
ЩƳĮһۣ졣
ʦӾȻͻ֮һȥֱϡ氡
ǿĿе죬ֽ͵Һʦؾǰһ̽չô˽⼸֣ʱߣǱʱˡ
ô˵ǿˡ
ĮҲǲµĴС㣬ʱȻҪһŵùͬ飬δضԺôΣɺôһ̽ؾֶǷʦϤˡ
ͷջĿ⣬ѯʣǧңӦòԶûʮɽ
֮ǰ˵ʮɽ
磬ͻȻЦһǹؼڣʦ֪ǲرͼЩͷˣӦһλȱ˴˴ؾûʲôգȼɺȴһؾҲ֪˶òűǷ֣ʮɽĵǾһЩ仯ģҲ伮ǧ֮ǰߵƬûָǡ
ٳˡ
رͼǼˣصǧ֮ǰ֮ǰʮɽλã׺ɣ±Ǩ˭Ҳ֪ǲǧпܱǧҲпܷһЩƫȴҪԼѰˡ
гֻЩס
΢΢һʮɽΣͼֽԼһǧﷶΧſҵģͼֽϱעļΣǿԱܿߣ͵ÿԼ̽ˣͼֽǶǰƣҲĴЩŲλҲδ֪ﷶΧǱֻߣҹϢ
á
˶Ļûʲô
ǲɫٷ˼ǰ״㽫ָԼĽӽϡ
͸УᲦ
һʰɫƮƮһΪɫħɭɭ
Сһ鴫ѶȥͬϢ
ˣʮ𼱣ʣʮɽԼǧﵽǧҷΧУûдؾӦѪйأСʡϤ֪ɷҾлл
Լ˰ӣöѶȻѶϢ
ֲͨʱΪû²Ҫű
ٹǿû֪ǲ˻
ټ˱ȻѶϢ
ʮ𼱣ˣ磬үһΪʮɽ֮ǰҵİƿɶ׷ˣǿˣ
˵ˣôƺҡ
û⣬ôƺУȾ磡

Ǳ߳ĬһӣٴδѶ
ʮɽ
ǣ̽ؾ
ôûһǰģӣҲ̲סԹĹȥʮɽŶΪڻûӡ
˶٣ƽЩûǴʮɽӦвǿȺһλųΪ꼻ĴʮɽȥҲ֪ûУԪƳӦû
꼻
Ĭһ䣬룬ѯ
λƽΣ
ƺЩмЩش⣬һżѶϢ
ʱϹʱڵĴƽΣƽ̲ŶϹʱħưԣֻħ壬Ǵ˿Ϊ½壬ͬ壬ֻǷ֮ˡ
мԵЩƽǽһż˵꼻ϹʱǴ֮е֮Ԧﲻڻ£һֲҹ꼻ҹ֮ܣֻһãΪûͬ壬̫£Ҳûвħ֮δܵñ֮ƽΣ
ٴ΢ţ˼ˡ
ʮɽȻһǿߣ
飬λҪǲ֪дλǿߵأЩˣֱӵųϯˡ
ѹоٳ˿̸ԣæʣô˵ؾпλǿģ
ǵǲ̫ܣ꼻ϲ㲻˵ؾǧǧﴦ꼻ʮɽﻹԶĺܣֻҪ㲻Ǹ⵹ùʳӦϡ
⻰Ȼǲ̬ȺͳƺŻһ¡
ô˵ٲ΢΢˿Ҫλǿߣڵͷߣɡ
Զ˶ģ˼ֺ棬ˣλǿ߱ǡҹ꼻־ͽ꼻Ůӵ֡
Ǽʶǳ̣϶һ޶ֲûԱ𣬲ģ˰ˣϹʱڣϤ˶ƺΪ꼡ǿмϤüһ꼻ӡǵˣˡ
ʮ䵭ٺ⣬ҲǱеӺְˣʵϴǺܺõģϸڶ˵ˣ˵δϾոˣλ꼻׽
лˣҲλǿߣԱ𣿡

ƺһ£ŵ˵ʲô
˵׽֮ôҲøɣ
ô˵ûܾԼ˵С
ֻǵڣĬ֮䵭㡣
ٵϲллڣ

Щ̫Уٽѯʡ
ȻûʵؾϢйھϢҲҪ˿ؾ
룬ٵ׾ò̫գ˴ö쾧ɫ
磡ʮ𼱣Ҫˣش𣡡
õ÷ǳţٹڻظ
ʮ𼱣ҴѶ
ɼٹ˽ġ
ҲΣ̱֣Ӣ䣡ޱ壡
ֻҰɣ
ô᣿ָɣע봫ѶУ׵磬˭Ҳ㰡˵ʵһֱѹһֱڷ˼Ǹ֮ǰҲãһ쵰ԺҲˣһúТ˳㡣
ǰһҿɿٹҲ˳ЩƫƫҪһ仰
˵ĻһӾˡ
˵ʲô˵һ飡
ҡ˵ʵڲ֪ôˣڤ˼˰Сش𣺡˵һúô㣬Ժġ
⻰ʲô˰ɣ
ٹһżѶʲô£
ǰͬ˵ġһᵽ£̬ࣺʮɽǧﵽǧﷶΧ֪ʲôؾ𣿻ʲô̾᷶ΧСʡؾ֪֪
ϹʱڵʮɽұǸ㣬λֻҲ˺ܶ࣬޷ο
ؾ𣿡
û˵ӦǱ󹹽ģʡֿ̽Ѱණ
ϴȴٹȻЦСһªŵӣҲֻƽͱˣˣƤӰˡ
ǣҼʶǳԲҪ˭֪㲩ͨ񣿡
ʵ
ٹʱҪһ£αأ粻˵ģ˵Ǹϴء
Ǽϴ̬ȲٹŻѶΪͷؾڹʱֻѪĴ죬ѪָܵͣͨӦɷȵȴѪ壬һǼԣٶȻѪȼϱȲϴѪ壬ͨԡȼĴΪǿ
ʡҲ˭õģԻΪؾ䴴߱ȻͬѪеٮٮߣ֮ڣõñȽ϶࣬ؾΪʡ˵ȼߣӦǴϹʱڴµģ͡ʡںظ֮⣬ԴӦˣǵ£ֵܣΪһһԡ
ٹظٶȺܻȴ˵ú
Ȼ粻ƢЩС˿̻óϷ
磬
ȻǼһϣһٹǻһ֣˾ǧŰپʮűҲϲļʶ
̾ĸоá
л˵
٣Ұ硣
ٹ

#֮磬֮ԩ#


125 
֪ոȹԼԼɡٿȫ顯ʹõٹ黹̫⣬ رǿûʶӡ
Ц˵СһҪѧĶܶ࣬ 𶯲ͳԲѷ 챾ˣڶ
ǣ ҵĴ Ժһ㵱׽˿
Т˳
ĬĬһ䣬 Ҳںٹֵ ֻ֮⣬㻹֪йصĶ𣿡
ûؾ֣֣ ԵıҲˣ ֮УֲľԺһЩѪͨûʲôøУСһҪʮɽ û㡣
ģ ģ أûɽ֮ôˡ
ٻĻǺš
ٹʵҲǺܵģ ϾǸǵһ֪ Ȼȥ Ȼδˣ Ц޷ ˣɽ֮Ҳһ

ٴ΢
ϴпǲ˵˻
ĬűЩСãм俴ؼ֣ȻûģûϵһԭģϾݵˡ
ǡ
ٹһʮֳۡ
Ȼŵʮɽ֮һĹ
֪ˡ
˺ٹĽٲźۼ
ʦܺʦѹˣҪǻˣ˭ܰȥλҲ󷽣Ȼؾջöõ㡣
ĬỊ̆ٵҲûҪЩֻ´ڽӽϵ֣ɫգۻָƽ
Ƭïܴ˴Լһ죬ʱ֣һѰ˸ƽ̹Щĵط
ʦܺͳʦԸ£ĻʦȥʰЩ𣬻˲ݣƺһЩȥ
ٸŮӶЩĶҲϲֵġ
ʵҲͦÿЩȻһֵߣŪȥƽ̷˵СԺֹʻǿԵġ
ʵƫŮӾٶĲɻ룬ߵĪʦܡ
Īʦ֪ܲģʦܺͳʦҪʱҲҪæʦʰ޲ʱҲڣֻĬվԣݼžĿĿ
ٿһۣʵеܲСܵġ顯ɤӣЦĪʦܣ԰һæ𣿡
Īһ˲̴ʦԸ
̬ʽЩʣҲûж˵ʲôֻΧݣûĻݣʦܲܰһЩҪŸһȥܲػ
ʦ֮
Ī̹û˿ԥȾͳһïܴУϵıȻ΢΢£ɱһ㡣
ټǵǰߵģ˵仰죬Ҳ֪ʲôʱܾĮʺĪʦеΥ͸С
ĬĬ̾Ϣջߣŷ߽һֱĲĿºͣȴ֮ǰڷǴһЩĵ׷
򴽣ϯСؿڣʦ֣ǲʲôԵĵط
ȻΪʲô
΢΢ҡͷһºͣǰûʲô
ʦҲϲЩݣ
ޣƽ̷˲ϲ𣿲һЩȥҲЩ
ʵ棬ʮȻκβס
ºˣͷлʦⷬ⣬ĸһϲġ
ʲôʦֲغл־ʹļ硣
һŽļֱǰȼĻѡԶæµλʦܣдһЩ顣
ʦֵֺܣĸ׾ҵĸһԼĸ״ЩҲӦġ
ﻰ
ٴĵƽѾѿ֮λˣҲѿԼͻȻһôȻƽ̷˾͸˵ˡ
û˵ֻ¶ůЦ䵭֮ɫˡ
˽Կٺ𣬻ζ䣬â϶ӳ˼ů֮ɫ
Լʱ֮󣬺ʦܺͳʦܱ㽫ˡһֻͨޣ⽹ۡ
ų֪ͥʦֳԿϲƬʱƬѾƬˣüƬϴɾĿҶʢţԱżľǩʳá
ʦúĪʦҲѰ飬ĪʦʮذԼڳĻݹطڷǰȴѡϲġ
һǴʮƵĳʳһɵؾľ񣬷ٻ㱼侹˵οо
ҳϵСܹȻҪ
ǰʱ㿴ˣСܣֱСеĵ䷶Щ
Ȼ֮
һӣĪڵĻȫУҲѡЦ޵ʦˡ
ĪԼʦֿģջ񡣡
⻰˵á
ЩԲλࡣ
СܣȻλĪʦܣҲΪʱ췴ɡ
ĪʦܾͲһˣȻҳϡ
һ䣬кһ£ſʼһÿ⡣
ĻյزóʦѧϰģƬҲõĲ֣һ߳һ߸ߵĿ϶
ԱߵĽʦֳԵЩƺûԼڡ
ټ״ʦôԣϿζ𣿡
΢΢ҡͷǳƽʦϲЩ
ٵͷɲ֪ΪʲôֿʦЩ
Ȼں֮ǰһ·ܾЩף룬֮ǰʦָʱΡ
Žϯ΢̽㴫ʦǾòϿζȥΪʦһЩʳʦܺͺʦȷʵʦȻǲġ
ü΢䣬ѵ¶ЩЦݣҲ֪Ը⻹ǲԸ⣬ֻˣûôʦһ죬ЩϢ
٣
Եǲڽ£
˼⣬ϵ¶ЩЦ⣬˼˻Ҳپᡣ
ܽʦ־θڲ̫أ
ţʦʦǶ˯ͽҹΪߣʲôҲֻôҲҹıҪûôˡ
ҹʱϣûڣѡ˺ҹǰҹø
֪ʦûйƴǣǰҹ֮󣬲滻˽ЦѰ˸ѵλú£ȼյž죬ڼžҹƽһּȡ
ڻԣǸѣɫȴʮͷų˯ʦܣϿʲôֻҹһİЩºͣȴ֪Щʲô
һҹ޻ǻûԽʮɽΧ֮أҹʮְ
һ磬ٱʦʦǶѣһ̤;
ʮɽؽ磬ԽԽΣա
յͼԹ˱עΣյ򣬻ʱ䣬˲ߵԼһǧ֮ڵķΧ
һǧ֮ڣ⻷Ӽžʧȡ֮ǸǿĴϢ˷
ʦʦϢһߺͽעܣһСضŴǿϢĵط
ΪҪܿഫϢĵطг̸Щ
ʮɽ﷽ŤŤţԼ˸ʱͻȻֹǰͣ
̿
֪طܱ̽߶ʱ̽鷶ΧҪԴһЩ
Ȼ侲ǰˡ
ˣ
Щ죺𣿻ǴΣ
һ塣
壿ЩϡˣѾһǧ֮⣬˵Ӧòʲô˲ǡ
ͽΪԶͬűעĵͼѯλЩգŸߣһ£ϯӣһǧҲǼˣߣΣ̶ȴߡ
ߵΪ߲˵ûУжĸߵΪӦòᱻ̽ǣϾǶϢ
ԾĬٹϿڣܿǡ
һ鷳һ鷳
ûǷѡ˸׼ƫһЩ
ȻֵЩ˳ˡ
ٻûüǼӿŲܿӵٴ𣺡Ųܼ˴
žĿƺ֪øЩ
ֻϢ뿪ٱѿǰ˴˳һһŮ϶ѪۣŮ곤Щݸۡ
ǣ˾߶ɫһҵһݰ㣬̻ǣȾȾүүǡ
ŮӱһЩҲ뿪ڣܿ쿴ٵ˵ݣӹһ˿ʧԳǰдߣ
ټ˶ᣬΪٸҲ߲ȥֲ˲ˡ
ٱ£˵ôһ䣬վ壬ѯʵʲô
Ůӻûڣӱ㼱һֻޣӦǧΪ
䣬ŮüͷΪˣӰɡ
Ҳĳȴ
˵ֿ꣬ʦ֣
ƽɵС
ǧΪޣԼȰǰķǿһЩϻۣˣһԡ
á
̿飺ʦãҺʦ֮ʵߣżλʦܼǰܿǰǣҺͽʦȥȥ
Ҫ˵˼ŵá
̴ǰ
һһŮЦڴ˵ȺŵùҲɺһȥһֻ޶ѡ
ŮӺӶסˣƽסʶͣסŲ
ȴٺͽȥϯӰ磬ԾǰߣЦһ
˷罣ʣһɫɲǼ֡
л˵
٣Ӣ۾ǰɣҿϤˣ

#  񣺲ǴӦҲŮ#
#ǣ#
٣


126 Ǽ
ٺͽϵֳʱ вɥֻ֮¡
޶սҪһӺ޷˪׵ߣ˶ȾѪԱ߻һ ˴Э
ɼҲʮԣ ǿֵٹƬ̣ ЩǶӲ
ֻһۣ ׼ֻ޵Ĵ֮
ֻ޳ͣ һƽ߻ˣ ˲ϢҧȥһѪԵʮɲ
Ը磡
Ҫȴ
ͫеӳž޴ѪڣƺѾŵŨȳѪζ
ǧһ֮ʣ һɫӹǰ һӳºۼͱˣͻȻŭѸ˺
ܿ㿴һλݿ΢΢ Цаִ һգ ȣһ
һŤת˾ƣ ֻ޺ܿͽ󲿷ֹϡ
ӷɿع Ҳ˲ѯ˭ ææ
䣬 ߻ûü֣ Ϻ䣬գ׼ȷϡ
Ϻ׼ױơѷ죬ϸܵѪˮ
ֻ޴ŭѣ쳤Хһ޴βһɨɨ
㿪ִӭϣ򶨵Ƕ˿
ЩʵҪǵˣûЩˣͽָЩ
ûʲô̫šҪȥæˣóռ䡣
Ѹ˺ſԶϿա֦Ҷ֮վһλ¡ݱ䡢ɰӣͬĿٱ˰㡣
ܱյͷš
޵ķ֮󣬽б۳ɽͬὣϡ
ʱһƬ
˵һߵ˶۾ţɫͱɫâߴ󣬴ϸܵաԼһ֮󣬷սʣеıҲڴټ
ֻ޻Ѫ׼飬۴һ˶ѪǷٵĳ˷罣¡
ȻأΧ˲Ծһ
ⶫɱǲˡ
ȷٺǽͽһһŮ֮ǰǽ
ۺᣬæ˵Ӻߣֿλߣүүүү
Ƕ˲ˣԡѪϻŲ˵ʬ壬һʱ䳡Щˡ
ӵǺֹܿס˱ʹٺͽȭлλǰּ֮ΪԸЯԱ
ܵ뷨һ粢ȫ䣬ЩΪפҲᣬʮƽ̣ݶǶʮӡ
ΪٺͽҲϾд˵Ϊֱ˲š
ٺʦֶһۣһЦ·ƽѣضҪллŮɡ
ϲµˣҲûвֵ˼ÿն䣬ҪǿŮûᣬѣٱԼѾʦʦԶˡ
թǳ̬˲࣬ȻһҲԵ
Щ쿴ԼŮȴŮҲ¶΢ȣƺ֪ΪʲôҪл
ٲϸ˵ֻʮɽǧ֮ˣΪλᵽ
ǵΪԵðգ˵ΪΪʳһô嶯Եʱ
¶һ˿ʹǰ֪жȻΣأʵû취ˣ没أһζŵرҩǶֻǧ֮ڲСҵΪд壬ɣּҵҲˣֻǺܣٹ⡣
ǷٺͽΪ߳־ǵӵû֮һһг
پ꣬ǵĴʲôŵر
ǰΪݡ
ⶫû˵üܿȻؿ
ӼԵŵرͨƻ𶾣һζҩġ
ԣƻ𶾣λǰǲѧ
һ䣬̾ҵҲ㾡УһλʦģλʦҲûҩֻóѰҡ
ʮɽԼһǧһǧﷶΧǵ
ƽûί
ɫͳЩȴִŵлǰ㣬ҲҪѰҩֻλǰĶѱҲûʲôܹлǰ
ǼҽеıҲ׸ǵʦ
΢΢ͻȻһۣ֮ǰŮ֣粶
ŮɫͬЩˣܿߵԡ
ٺͽһлλǰСŮԸΪţΪԱ
ô˵ϵɫԱˣǿˡ
СŮ粶λǰвʲôǳҲˣΪԸ粶ǰΪūΪ澡赹ˮǰ
ôȫΪ˱
ּۿŲȥˣŵرѰң֮·;֪жգһ䣬Ϊּҵϵ粶ܶȻᱻ׷ɱˣǰλǰܰεٲǵȼ֮ˣҲһ
ΪһףΨһΪŮˡ
⻰ȴѷһ
˵ʵӢ۾ȻڣǰûûмŮôܽ죿
뷨࣬ҪʦֻԱߣ̫ӰҪֻһҲˣ͵˸СܣּҲЩ֮⡣
ĸ̣û˵ܿüˡ
ּƼһ£ǰŮ츳ĲһЩҲȥãֻЩΪ˼µˣҡ
ҵֻͨĵӡ
һ仰˶ԭء
ּЩŵɡţ
Ϊֻλͨǿߣּ˵Բûʲô⣬Ŷ˵ңɼȻ
λ֮ˣǡ
ּٴɨǵݣƺʲôСλǰŵӣ
ŲϣųǿǱ滹ҪǿĴڡ
ٹ𴽽ǣЦôǿ𣿡
ûûСּæֻͣλΪҡ𺳡
˶񣬲ؿڣλ˳һţ
켫ڡ
ٿסŮӣǶ˼ºͣ켫شϯ٣ʦ֣ӽŮҲظΪūΪˣҸдҵȥ켫ڵؽ磬ԵõһζͨȻѰűӣܣҲԵˡ
ּĿеԽԽֱ˵꣬λмŵͻȻӯͨһ£˸ͷŵллˡ
켫ڡ
ֱһ塣
·ããڰѰһ˿ȴýļ塣
ּŽŮߣһˡ顯˺üͷס
ģ滹˼ңҲ֪᲻١
Ĭ̾һϯЩ̾ˣɣҸǻһͼֽܿͼֽϱעλãȥ·ֻҪСЩӦòΣա
ллˡ
ּЩԱߵ粶ȻҲ涯ݣĿȴ׻ҪЩ˲ϵۣͻȻߵ߹£粶ģۺεΪںδū֮źӣΥģ׺䶥
úʵĿ⵭Įûǵ˼ȫϯӣһ֮ġ
һ£ֻһ˲ûס粶ġ
΢΢̾Ϣ΢Щͷֹۣοˣ츳ҲţʱҲҵʦãūʲôı㲻Ҫˡ
粶ȴᶨ쳣ޱɫʡ
Ӿһ壬ΪԸū̷֮ӣް㲻֮⡣
٣
ͻȻӢ۾ڳˬ֮⻹鷳˿̡
粶ߣӦ㲻˼ߣʦĿЩĻš
Ҳǣһȵˣ粶ֻлһҪǻҲеȥûϵģûﹴŮ
һθ̫ܵʹٰٰ࣬Ȱ޹ֻ
粶㵱Ӧˣ֮ߵš
پĬһϢɤӣֹ㻹ͬ˻ȥɣ֮ǻҪȥ켫ڣҿǼҲֻͨ켫ڵҲУǻҪ룬Ϊ̫ͣǴг̡
粶΢΢΢ͷŲ˽Ųǣ
ҲǺ֮ˡ
ˣñ׼뿪ɣ˴Σգôʲô¡
ٿٸдһֽĩβԼӡǣּԷǣȻʦַɿԶǡ
ֱ߳粶ߣĬĬ˿Ȼһֱû˵ʦ֣ڨЦŽͣʦ֣治ҵ£Ҷû˵仰
ǽԼûߣɲԹ
ɫƽҲûʲôֻ֣ͷȻº֪ͣʦºʹ֮ˣֻŮӲ⡢ʸˡ
ʵ粶뱨ûʲôʸ뷨Ȼ켫϶ǿĵģﲻʸĳ̶ȣɴʱҲ÷ʦֵĻ
ʦԲ̫ϲŮӣǲҪ˵ʲôˡ
΢ٱ⣺ҲһЩʱ䣬ǿ߰ɣʦǵȵüˡ
á
һӿŲȥ
ԼСʱǰԶҵ˵ȴʦʦһˡ
ƽ˿
ٿЩ棬Ѿ˵˵һ顣
ʵĺʦ֮ʦֹȻʢﶼôܻӭСʦʮ֮һҲԸˡ
һЦʦֵ֮ô˵޿ɺǣǵ٩ܵĻӭ࣬ɵ˵ŷһˣֻЦ
ЦݵҲûȴֻԵúܽӲʦ俴Ŀ⵭Įʦɫ΢࣬𣬺ûͬһ˵Īʦһֱŷϯں˵ʲô
ڽʦ֡
ֻоĮĿɨ޶Щ⡣
ЦϵЦݱֱʧ
ʦܵͷʦ֣ĸߣ
һ㣬޺ͱʱҲپΣһ̸̣֪ʲôζ
ҶڷʦŮӻӭº񶼲ǺС
ʦû⣬˵ϲʦ֣ʦܺͽʦֵķӦʵúס
ʱ̺ܿȥѸٻشߣǺܿҪͼֽעͷˣ֮ΣԼ̽Ҫ⾯Щ
ǡ
˴飬̤;
˶ٶע֮󣬷ĬĬ˿˰̫ѨԺϵͳ̾Ϣ̫ˣһҪѹԼҪעⲻ˵˵ģϵͳ̫ȻҲʹࡣ
ϵͳĬһƽػشĽ֮飬ԳԶǣЧּ֮顣
л˵
ϵͳ̫ˣǶʣҽʱ΢͵һ㣬ǣЧŽŶӣŶӵķ
٣еԡ
#Ȼÿ˶õϯĿ佱#
#ŶȻ#
ϵͳҵķȻǶԵģרҵġ


127 ҹ꼻
ڷΪԼ̫󡢴˵Ķеգ ϵͳһ׵Ľ顣
ˡ
ϯⲻһ¡
û̿ʼһ һ˼žǰã оղˣ׼ڡ
дø壬 ¶һ˿΢Ц ſ͡
ʲô
ϯû 㿴ͥ¶֮ɫ
ʦָһ䡣
˱佱Ļ ˳ȥֽһɫСС ֦Ҷϸ ڽɢǵϸ΢â
ʮɽݣܶ඼ûġ
ᷢĻҲ٣ֻһۣûʲôرϢ ֻһ껹ûлˡ
԰ˣ Ƕûб ȻҲûЩʲô
㽫ĿŲ˳ʦϣѯΪʲôͻȻע⵽껨
Ե˱Ҳˣ֮ͥӣ һһõǸ ͻȻע⵽꣬ ٲܲؼ֡
ǼǶûʲôо ͥϵɫЩȷ ԥһ£ŵҲ˵׼ǡǾǶ仨һֵֺĸоǡ
ϸһ£ƶˣǺҹһֻө棬ȻûôǿҵĹâһ۾Ϳ
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ϵ˵ͷ꼣ʲô̫ŵرֲҹɢ޴
ûǸ÷
ЦЦ⻨ҶӣģûоʲôϢ
ʦܣǲ֪ˣ
Ҳ֪
ͥյͷҲ֪Ϊʲôһĸо̶ȣֲر۷⣬ǰҲֲᷢ⡮꼡ҵӡ̣ʦ֣ҲҸ֪ˣԲ𰡡
û£һЩǺ£⡮꼡
ٴЦͻȻһ٣ͣ;
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磡ʮ𼱣λ꼻һֽ꼡ֲûʲôϵ
һŻظмԶ׼ջ֮⡣
˵ˣôͨűھͳ˵
һǲ;ͬ˵ģ˿ȴˣɼĴѶෳա
첻ǱŴģҲ׾ͻˡ
ô˵ֿٴ֡
ʮ𼱣һˣˣȣܽٹ޵´ε˯ٹϻˣ˵

ĬƬ̣侲ҹ꼻ֻһ꣬λûͬ壬ͬϵֲֹǧϹʱڱУֻǺѰֲ꣬ΪͻȻʱΪһꡮ꼡ɡ
ƶٱҲ޵ǲѧţµûԭһͨ꼻ֲûʲôˣһλʦ˵һϸоϢλʦΪܸߣǳãرӣҾԵ޹ʱ֪ЩԲ
ߵֱͨ׵ģ޶˶
ŴûС֣΢ŻϢҪСһЩˣںδ
ʮɽԼһǧﷶΧڡ
꼻֮ػúԶһ¾޿ɼȻʦ˵֪ϢҲҲ˵׼꼻ʳ֮ʱԼͬϵֲ׽·˴פͣһ˲ͬϵֲȾһ˿Ϣֻǳ˺Ѹ֪Ҳ޷ȷʦܸ֪ǲϢ
ô˵пλǿߣ
š
ٵ˿˲Լ˰˱ùæʣ磡ôǵɱ⣿
ظ̫Σþĳƺˣֻǳһ֡
꼻ûʲôرĸоȲޣҲϲͺϹʱԵһ᲻㣬ȫΡ

ⲻǵû˵һ
ٸæּһ䣺ˣ磬֮ٹϻˣ˵ҹ¹һ
ԼôЩ⣬ģһҪ˺ϵֲ꣬ʵϵֲơ
ãû⣡
ټעѶϢ
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ڶ꼻ϲҹܻҹ֡
ϲҪ
ģҲҪһ㣬Ҫħ壬Ҫѹʵ䷴ܵ㡣
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ûж仰Ļظֻڽ֮ǰָ䡣
꼻һ˲Ӧ֪ɣ
š
ҹ꼻üϵ꼻ӡͨǻģû˼ʢӣΪ꼻ֻһ˲һ˲ҹ棬ͬ̾ͻȥû˿ӵˣ㱾Ҹ棬ɲƢá
֪ˣл֪ˣһ
ʮֶݵظлָ̻ƽǰġ⡯꼣Ĭһ˲
Χ߿ãڿʦæʣʦ֣ɿЩʲô𣿡
ûֱӻشЩһˣɫ˵ĻϣǶģҪΪʲôֻҪ֪Σ֮±ˣһãұҪ
⻰ʵŵ˼λʦܣͥû뵽Լֻһ˵ȻʦôķӦ
Ѿڿʼ˺κϵֲꡢϸ£ܿҹҪӱ裬Ϣһʲô̸ҡ
ǡ
Ȼ֪ʲôԭ򣬵˶ûзԡ
صͷǰ
ʱ֣ɫδװٱ㶽ʦʦѰפĵطͰ
ּĹȫʱʦܺͳʦѾ׼š
һ˵˵ЦЦس꣬Χԣ˵ǷλʦʦöûȥϢǺһ۾ٺҲС˽
˼ʱٽҹȰȥϢɣҹҺͽʦҹ
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ۼȴҡҡͷ
ʦɫʦ֣Ƕߣ޷ģʲô⣬ҲüʱӦ
⵹ʵ
ټ˱ûȰ
Ǽ־˸ʱ
ۿʱҹɫҪȥģٻһܣýҹӦòλ꼻ϾҲûôġ
ٴ飺ӦûʲôˣϢĿϢ
ɫ΢Ҳ˯ţͥ룬ʦ֣ҹɫˣҲûʲô˯⣬Ҫɡ
ٿȷʵ˯ŵӣͻȻ֮ǰϵͳ飬ɤӣ¶һ˿ºЦá
˵Żȿ˳ʦܣʮϵؿ佱ʦܣһʮֿ̿࣬Ϊееٮٮߣǳ
ͥɫһ֪ʦΪͻȻϸһЩϸ΢ΣЩͰ͵شæ֣ʦʦˣҡұʦֻԶʦֲڵĶ֮ˡ
ٶĻ⣬ЦЦֿĪʦܡ
ĪʦһҲͻͽ֮㣬δڡ
ĪķӦȳͥˣٺһգɫ͸˵ӣҲЩ
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΢ĬʵЩǿңǿһ䣺ʦҲ
ûˡ
ģʵ¶ԷƲסİĽ֮顣
ֱ󣬷ٲſ
⵹ӳůĻ棬û֮УɫƽݣֻһЩϸ΢Уܿʦܵᡣ
һڴţҲûб¶ֻͬѣһҪ˵Щʲô
Ц⣬ûвκιάƽϵʦУ׽
Ļֻ˵һ룬ͻȻȼյĻ涥״Ȼ仯ֿγϸ֦ƿһ꼻
ͫ͵һѸͷϿңǰûж⣬ֻ;˴д֮¡
߽üͷ΢壬
ȻЩֿ̿ܡ
ȴǻе꼻ɢһöᡢͬɽϪˮ
޷ֻ˵úȤ
л˵
ûꡣ
٣
Ҿ˵ȤǶĵ
٣
#ֲУһкܶŶ#


128 ǰ
 ˵һᡢԸƵˣȴû˿ɡ
ǵ˵Ļλʮɽ֮ǿߣ ˲ͬ ԣһԲϱɱ˵Ĵڡ
Ȼͷ ǰ ֻݹǰȤ ҵң ǰһġ
Ѱڵ֪λǿߵݺ󣬶Ȼ˽飬 ֮ ȴ֮λǿ졣
ǵᡢöЦЦŵãûͬ˵ˣյɡ
˵Ż ټͻȻӪظ䡮꼡ӵصѿ ǻų޾ յͬ磬֮ɫڸȥ
һ˲䣬ѰƬƧӪһƬĻ վŵĵطûг꼣 طѱ⻨俪
ɫ΢ ܿһȦ ΢ ȴ֪ôڡ
⿪ģô½ŰһµʱСһ꼣߲ȵˣλ꼻ǰŪ
ЩͻȻ߶һˡ
ұ߱Ž߿λʦʦЩ룬Χ˿߳һˣ˴һϮɫȻԣ֮ǰһ濴ǿϢֻ¶ƤԳѩס
Ǹ֪˷ٵĿ⣬΢΢̧ͷüһ仨״꼻ӡǸۡ
ЦСѣ˵
ٺһ͡
ΪɵòϾؾ춯صֻԥŸĶȫ꼡
Ҳ뷨ֵ⣬뽲ôࣿ
ٺ˶һۣһҧɴ߿
Ȼ˿Ҳ˲ôˣҪѡһַʽ
£λʦʦòŵսľҲ£ֻǶһЩС
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ûѯҹ꼻ݡ
λ꼻ǰǳ˵ͷҽС꼡
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ȴҡҡͷ
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дĦŵǰ˼ǣ
ָָˣȻЦЩСѶĵ£
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ûˮȴĻǺҿԡ
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ϹʱڣʼϹҶʱ廹ֻããһССȺΪԪݣΪԵūҼǵʱǲЩֻԷΪΡ
һϹʱĸ֣ʦʦǱ֪ʦֺͽʦΪζʾⲻҪˡ
ĩʱϹʱꡣ
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˳׷ĳЩԵü˳۵ţȴ֮
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꼻΢΢ͷûоܾѯʡ
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ҲûзϣֻȻЦ
ĿɨݼžĽƺ̸˵𣺡λСѵЩϵõ崫к͹
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ЦһЩֿ٣ĿЩ⣬ͬҲ
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ȻܿǶϰ幦һͽ˫޹
˼ˣἰڴͬʱҲλΡЩĿⶢλǰ
һ٣ǽյİʾλû幦֮ĻǼ˵ʮɽʲô£
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꼱ٹƺôϲԳơûЩǿ߸߸֮⣬Ե񾲡
ɫº͵ͬ˵ֻ·˵أ˵ȤŶһ
ҪǿٶˮӾúȤ
ٿʵºͣ˵أԴЩʣǰĩʱ𣿡

ѩϾ˫֣ڻԿ˿ͬѰ˻ҳһ㣺Щ˲СôȤЩ˻˵ʵҲ̫ϲǣԼ뷨Щ
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ߣӣһĦȭƵģ˵ֱ޴ĹǼܶȥ߻߸ʦ֣ʦܡĪʦܣңǰӦǼܴȥͥſڣԺ߽ѹ
԰ϯ䣬߶ƽ̲ϲſڵӦ𣿴ȥʯҿҲҡ
ϹޡӦǼܣȥֶܸ۶ϡ
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٣ǼܻȥϹ޵ĹǼܴ죬ͷŸͷ߸һŲ⣬ţСܸϳ㼸ѪĴ氡˭˲˵һϯţ档
ƽ̣ʲô¡
٣쳵Ҫܷɵ֣Ҵ򲻳ܴҴ򲻹
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ƽ̣˶Ҿ֪ûʲôʣװƣҪʸ׼
٣Ұ
#һΪǵ#
#Сҽǰһ#
##


129 ɱ˵
һٻ ʦúͺʦҲûѰһߵ
ѻŵĽǾ޴ĴǼܣӦǰϹʱնɱĴߡ
Ȼѹȥ꣬ ЩȻѩϾ ЩŽɫⶼΪ ͨߣ ôѻ˷ɻҡ
ٰ޴Ӧ˳ Цλ룬 ôŪȥ
Ϲ޵ĹӴޱȣ˵ʵ Ȼ˵ ǵĽӽװ¡
ʦ룬ٴȥʦӦſڣʱƴˡ
ÿɵĿ⿴һۣѳʦܿЩ·ţŵʦܣ 㵽٣ ȻΪ죬 ȴೣʶ
ӦǼʾһ£һá
ͥҧҧǣڽĹǼһ£һ
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ʦ˼¶Щգʦ֣Ҳá
ʵǳʶȻû뵽˵޵֮ϻϸġ
ѧѧͺáûйټ˵Σʲôð취𣿡
˶ڣͬ˵ȥһطƽ̣á

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ȴʮƽʦһȥôĽӽ䣬ֱӰȥ˴ʮɽֻƽãܴЩǼƽڡ
޹岻ұ㲻ǴҲ̫Щһ·˶ЩΣգΪ޷ЩǼƽڡ
ʵǼ䱦˵ûôҪʦһȥ桭ЩΣȴҲ˵ʲôֻܰ취
ʦ֮ܳģѵôС˼͵ˣЩûʲôá
һ·ܲԽһЩС˼СⶼԼݳ̬ȡ
ƽ̻ЩΣղ󣬶Щ˻ţġ
ǡ첲աû˿ԥԼҵ
һ£¶ϲõЦݣĽļЦ԰ôû뵽ʦ֣͸ƽ̴ѶٽϴϣǶһȥһ
á
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ٺܿ췢ﴫѶϢҺţԼȥѰԸѡ
ӦſڣҪһţƵĴ쳵ܡ
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֮Ȼ֮ǰפ֮أص꼺ȼյû˿ı䡣
߹Ǽܱ˲ԶУѹ˲ľ
ǰȻ΢Ц˫̯֮ǰǳ֮ҲֻЦϹʱںã߷࣬Ҽǵʱдƣʮ̵֣㣬żʮɽߣûȥˡ
⻰˵ᣬټȴëȻһǡǺܺãֿܶȥȤȻת۾Ƕȥ
ǰûô
ȻС£룬Ҳ˫֣ѧ꼵ģ𣬶ŵǰɱѪ𣿡
Цһ͵ؿ
û˵ָָֻԶĳλãֻСӷ˹УҳԲߣСϲˡ

⻰ûͷûԣִʣٲ֪ʲô˼ָķ룬Īʦܣȥ
ǣʦ֡
ĪɫŵǱȥ
ȴǰҲȻֻʦ֮ȳʦܺͺʦǶҪЩ
ῴһۣͬ˵Сѣ֮
ڨڨһЦǰЦˣʦҰˡ
ȴҡͷҿ㣬ϲ㡣
٣
ϯһ±ƣһοЦǰЦˣǶӡ
𣿡
β΢˫Ե񾲵ӽ´һ飬ЦЩһζ
ټ״æֲһ䣺ĪʦУֻʦ֡
ǰʾĪȷʵеġ
ԭˡ
꼴Լ⣬˵ͷֵʵҲ޷֮δ鰮ӿڣ˵ȸ֮£αںŮ
Ĳܡ
ٽ͵Ļû˵ֿ꣬λǰ飺СҲϲ㣿
٣
һ˶ЩɫƺҲЩ仯ֻӳ¿С
꼱ЦӼˣΪ䡣
ʦһ䵭ϸһ˿Ц⣬֪߻ûлشֻ΢΢ͷ
꼼˲ٴȤֿʦܡ
Ƥһǰ˵ҺͳʦֻʦֵܵĹϵ
ͥɫһܿҲʦΨһˣʦΣ֮ȣҲǻ֮һʬҴԶЧʦ֣ʦһһ⣬벻
⻰ǰλɺݴʷôô֣ȻϵЦЩλǰ޵һһ⣬벻Ľꡣ

˵ĸоͷ
ȻĿⶨԵĽϡ
ͷһæЦ嵲סӣתƻ⣺ǰ˵ϹʱȺӢͣٸǽһϹʱڵĹ𣿡
Ŀһ٣΢Цͷð
ڣϹʱڣǴûôأԣϣŮ塢Ϊֻ֣ҪమԿһ𡣡
˵ҹ꼻ֻǻΪУʵûŮԱλǰô˵һҲȣĲˡ
ô˵ȥ˼鶼ΰ
ϯһţҲûö֮سۣȻ¼ǰ
ǵ˵⻰ʱʮͷۣǰ֪岻һֻһ¡
һЩʵǿϲɫҼǾͲ⡮󲿷֮֡ˡ
һ¡ҲûзֻͬصͷԵúɫô˵ˣ
˻һ˶٣Ŀƣǿҡ
Ƕ֪ٺ͸ѾֿˣǸƺЩ˵ȥϯ˸Ҳûʲô׽Ůˡ
ǼĿ¶ɻȻ˽飬ȴʮٻûڣȵҲŮҲδ֪
ֳʱһƬ
٣
˨Q
ԭ˵ģ
ҹ꼻ĺܿ£ɱ˵İô˵ȥϵ׶Ҫˡ
л˵
٣ҴˣĴˣȰͰ¶ˣ˼ֻɱˣİ
꼣΢ЦСѣ䴦ΣǲĶѣα⣿
٣
#꼣ϵ#


130 ϯ
ǰЦ绨 º񾲣ʵǷټǿºͺͰ֮ˣûаǿߵļӣ ˵𻰾Ѱһ㡣
ٰʱ֮ǰ ҵġ
ʱ֮󣬷ٿ𾪵ĿһƬ ֻҸطȥ ǰǰλȥ
ᵶ 
ԭֱѪеĴڲֲģ ˳ϲҡ
ϯȫһͷȥʦֵı飬ֻ¶һӲı飬ǰҲ̫ῪЦˣ ôܡ
㷽Ųǻ˵
꼳΢΢һЦ Ȼ̸Ʒ˹ǿůһ棬Ի˻ֱ ֮ŵ˼鰮Ǵ СѺαڣҿ⼸λʦʦҲ˱ġ
ûС
Ȼˣ أɬЩҲеģֻԾҪȰСһ䣬 ʱп£ ĪҪȵĪȻ ʱˡ
ûУ
˵仰 ΢΢ҧ ѹЩǰôƽ޹ˣ
ʵ߳ŭˡ
ҲգȻᣬ˾첻˿ԡ
ͼҵһգʤ˼һСѣοִţ
źͷ˼ѣȴ·Ѽ˽˵Ǽ֮ĸǣ˵Ҫһͼҵģǵ˶ŷ٣ֲ²ӿ
ҲλǰжĵϾͺء
͵͵һۣǶԼĬϢŶڴջѳϯɤӣͻȻ϶Ȼ¶ֺν
ǰǸˣԳȻʲôʱǰѴɡ
Խν˵Խ̹Ȼջ𷴶ԵòԾ
̾ʶԼ̬⣬Ѹٵ״̬
ҥҥֻҪϣǾûС
Լ̬ݣǰȻһЦ£ֻľ֮ɫȴδԵЩ񲻶ӡ
һȥ̽ĪЩһͷȻ
Ǵ̫һСɽ㣬Īקβͽϵ𸽽΢΢Ϣͬٸ
ʦ֣һֻ
ѹΪͣⲿû˿˿ڣ۾ţɫ糣ͬԻһ㣬ȴû˰ϢȻˡ
ϸۣӥޣ
ִܷ裬˿ɲô׶ԸģϢأΪ͡
꼻һ˲û˼ҹ꼻üĵӡʢӣΪ˶Ѿˡ
뵽һ䣬źۼǰ
ϸ΢Ķȴ׽
Ȼڿ俴Ҳû࿴һǴȴ΢ЦҲԳӣСѿŴðɣʲôĲҪͺá
ѪǺöǡǺõģǸģЩꡢŵĹһΪȲϣҲ档
ϴƽĳʳٻ
ʱѸոһ֮ԺüΪô˼ǰ𣿡
ȻǲľͬΪһҲ⣬ôǳԣ
ʲô
ƺȤָ֣㣬һ꼵ĻóһֻҶɵСӣỺغһڣŵˮҲ
˵Żٺ߶һ˲Ϣ쵽ߣӻһֲֻҶСӡ
ЩԣҲûʲôɵϾ˼Һô鷳һ˻򴽣ͦúȵģǰҲϲȻ裿
ҹ꼻Ȼƽ̷һϲĻ衣
ٸ뵽һͻȻǰĿ⾲ԼٱҲͣ˿С
Щţæʵǰʲô𣿡
ҡͷٴһڣûʲôֻû뵽ȵô죬Щûü˵
٣
ٿˣ仰ǲŴߵıһ¡
ˣֻзһ˶ûüȣҲϯˬĴûôྴηġ
˵⻰бһֲõԤУ̽ʣûü˵ʲô
꼱СӸһۣƣⲻǻ裬ҳ֮Ϊˮ˳ڰˣʵϹʱһλҪֲﾫšǿΪһ֭֮Һ
ǲǴĺģ˵ͷѪһ
䣬̾ǴϹʱҲһ۰ʮɽֲﾫǺöϧûĴˡ
⻰Щ֣΢΢üֳܿǰǽ㣬ֲﾫǴȻҲԸǰǰϹʱڱͰ
ǵûС
ȴĻ԰ջЦϹʱҪö࣬ԲžࡣǴԭҲԸģˣҾÿϧ塣
Ȼ˳˼ֲﾫ񡯵ǰɣ
ЩԶԣһ˰ɱ˶ᱦ˵ô׵ġ
ȴΪ⣬˱ĲˮֲҶɵСԱߣǱӱ㻯ɫâʧһƬС
ʱ꼲Ż˵𣺡ǴϾʮɽİЩ⣬Сһȵ̫´ҪѰԵĵطú滺һ¡
˵ѾвԤˡ
˶űӣ죬ɨʦʦǣɫ΢ǰ˼ǣ
ǴǸԵĲľ֮飬СѴȥѰԵĵطһͺˣ¡
⻰ɣɷһ㶼á¡
ûüѯ飬ǱԣʦܣҰ㡣
ЦĿɨֶԷٵҲ
ƺûʲô⣬ܾʲôԾλǰѲǵһˣŽ̬ȣǵֻ»ķʦʮɽǱʵΪãҴȥҸ̶һݾͺãʦֲصġ
󣬽üͷ΢壬ЩĬѡ˳ӷ٣ûٿڡ
͵Сֵ
٣
ֻλб졣
üӹ˿˵ʹ֮ɫȴ޷ֻõʵǰˮʲôʱ
ڻûʲôо
ãԼһӣСѷģǴǻԣǲľ֮飬ֲﾫΪº̫ͣʹġ
лǰ
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̾һ꣬ȴǿˣʦܣʦܣǴǵðָһ£ŪʳʣµĴڽӽС
Ȼ֮ǰԹٳһҲûʲô
ǣʦַġ
ͥܿӦ£ǿĿЩǡ
ٲоǰ˵ǹӿ
ú͡ǻ¡ָоֻͬǵ˾Щȣ˿ȥ
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ͻȻֹסŲϸЦݣЩڵǰܲһ
ʦƺ뿪ڣֵʦɣΣգλʦʦӦ
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ŶЦһ߳פƬΧ
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꼽гҪλǰڵʱͬ˵ЩʲôƺҲϴˡ
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ĬĬƳһۣû˵
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СѺαƲ֣͵
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ĬĬţû¶ȴô˦
ԵǿôȣѵһλȻ˦Ҳ֪ǲմձۣڱ
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ͬ˵Ҳûشȴ˿գ΢̾ҲãЩǰЩСһʱһվҪ˵ġ
ʵûסŤͷͬ⣺ǰˣʦң֪ʦֻҳҰˣнʦֻ֣ʦֵܵĹϵôһ˵ǽôһûʲôҲҪΰ
ϸϸһۣɫ΢࣬飬ЦСǸϻ۵ˣ
ʲô
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꼼״Ҳپᣬֵ㲻˵ʦܣλʦֿɲҺˡ
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⽩һڵͷϣǣǰ˵öԣ֮Ĺϵ۸ӣǰ˽⣬Ĳôһ仰˵ģǰ¡
Сˡ
꼶΢ЦͷҲͬ䣬ȲԸȻˣΣȻ̸䣬СѺαô⣿ϣþòȥ
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ɶĴ͵óĶ֪
ĬĬǳɫԣֻͳǰ
һЩʱѰңòײҵһ̶һֻϵ֮̾ء
鲻̫õϯȭŰߣȻԼ˽ȥ
һԲضǳǳı̶УǷ˰ʯһ
֯һŵӣЦӯӯڱ̶Կ
ȻЩĳЩ֮Ƶʱ̣ʵֳúܡ
ű̶ֱӶ׽ȥϥˮ̶Աߣ̶ˮ͵ĲӴ¶ʮֺ䡣
ϣǰСѣ𣿡
ŤͷһۣЩлģ䡣
ĳЩյЩʢ
Ҳ꼹ȵģٸҿ϶Ȼ˵
Իȥֻһʱ䡣
ָ㣬һʢ쵽ǰ
ժеСӣʮŵ˿ڣŵҲԪƳʮ£Ҳգһ˲
ʲô
پֱӴ̶ˮվ̶ˮĽЩţҪһ£
꼵˵ϵˮΣº͵Ҳ˵˵ѣС輤
⻰ôܲ
ͬ磺ǰҪҪûʱʮ¡
ⲻǶ
ȴͶ޹Сȵ̫죬ʵûüס㡣
ûбİ취𣿡
еУ˵ذĽڶ࣬Ҳԡ
û˵꣬ѾѸٶ£ɫֱˣҼݣǰ㲻˵ˡ
ý붼֪治ʲôû
꼼һָ̾˸ٴνǵˮΣϣһһ٣ָ΢һС֮ϡ
Щ֯ĵһЩԶ˷٣¡
ϯĬĬһϵоٶ룬͵͵ֵ˿ˮȥɻû䵽λǰ·ϣͱ֡
Ц̧ͷ
ȴһ顣
꼱ЦСѵǳ֮ġ
Ǻǡ
ټЦʵʵضڱ̶סԼϥǣûͼˮΡ
һһһЦһºͣ˴עãڼֲȥһ壬̬ɻЩҲſ˱ϥǵ˫ۣڱ̶յǰҪʮ𣿡
ͷСѣҴӲƭˡ
ǰܰ𣿡
Ҳ㣬ʵΪ
꼵δ˵꣬ڱ̶ķͻȻſ죬ۡһˡ
һ۴һ߱ҵغУҵÿడ
꼣
л˵
#ŶԾ#


131 
νԶ ǡ
ҲûˣҲ¶񾲵Ŀ£ ޵øγϡ·˵һ㡣
Ʋһܷġ
ԺеϵͳҲͻĲҿŪһ£ ЩͰ͵ޡ
һ
ʵкޣԺȴʮ侲ͬ˵Ը˾Ҫֱһ㣬 ҾͲҿʮ¡
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ɱǧ٣
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ȻҲͻľٶһ£ ָܿƽ飬 ڰ߾ޡ
мʵЦ⡣
óȥʵ࣬꼿ı飬͸һͣҲ֪ǲ̾ĹΪԼҵһá
ȴʲô顣
ԽԽҡԽԽ ֱģ ᣬ ˲ݡ
Ȼῴ;˸͡
˱ţҹһֱɫ 뿪
ٵһҲûȥ ֶ֮У ֱΧı̶ˮҲҪ
ɫ֮ һʱ̾Сѡ
ûᣬ ת˷򣬲Ȼ޵ʹ
Լߵˣ켫ƽ̵ƽ̣֮뵽Ķһ飬ƺȫһ㡣
ĺ־ĬһٴοڣαһЩΣСѣٿȥɤҪˡ
Ҳôڡ
ЩȻûȫֹסţΪǰҺòҰҪʮ¡
ȷʵЩƲ
ЦſһǵˣҲǲܽ⡣
䣬ֹס˿ʮڱ̶ϴ˸ˮϴΪԭеƣβЩ֮⣬ǿʲôή֮С
ϴʹӱ̶˳絽ǰѸٶ£лǰǸˡ
ˮδϡͷ£㽦һ
ֿЩˮ赲⣬ɻһˮԽϣ°ϡ

һָ̾°ϱˮΣĿɨѸջȥ֣ЦСѹгرҲ
ٶʪͷһġõ΢ЦǳС
꼱ʧЦҲѣҴһѹ֮ȥչؼɡ
ȥ
ɫһͣǰΪ̽أòߵ˲ʱ䣬ȥҪҵûʲôϵܲΪҵԵʵ˵ʱ䡣
һһؿҪʱ䡣
޷
ԵѺֿʣµʱ䣬ҿһȥչغˣǡ
һ٣Щε⡢ⲻðɣ
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Ƿ˲Żôһλǿ߻ȥƽ̶
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Ҿ벻ˣҲСѿѯĳǻа취
Ц޺÷İѡ
һеǿߣ֪ʲôӣ켫ƽҪа취ǿɵ鷳õżɵںͼϣ
΢΢򴽣ٵͷĬ֮⻰ǲӲ硣
ĿºעһװɵΣֵðɣȻ㲻ȥǾȥһҲһ
ʦʦǡ
޷һˡ
Եô󷽼ˡ
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ҹ꼻Ҳ֪ǲʮɽ̫ãˣǣرӣƫֱӾܾ
ʹ֮Ҫѡһ
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У
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꼻δ˵ĻûЦУûټ
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ָڷټϣʱѹסӿȻЦתǰߡ
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ѹڵӿȴҪŪһҹ꼻Ǹĥ˵֡
֣ͬ꼻ص֮ǰפأ˵ȵЩˡ
꼿ڣ˵𣺡ڵӿʱ޷ǵȵ̫ãԱǰѹסˣֻһǱıչһЩʱ䣬ǻȥֵǰլʺȥһʱ䣬֮ȥؾ

ȻǰĿǰΪֹûбֳʲô⣬һλǿߣҪȥأû˻᲻⡣
Ҳ͡
ǼСߣҲûãˬ㣬ʵڲеʱǰڵöߡ
ĬĬ꼣Ѿ⡣
ľ֮黯Ͳ꼼ûеݵرֻҪ뷨ӶŪߡ
뵽⣬ɤӣ¶ЦݣǰҪȥأ˵ʮɽôǰӦסɣ
ǿĳЩ뷨ȴδ⣬Ц᣺С˵ˣסʮɽԼʮĵط
٣
ʮһǧⶼϡҹ꼻
һʱ֮侹֪Լ̫ù̫֮ԲǳģϾĿǰȻʹһ㣬Ҳ˲ٺô
һ̾ѹ꣬ٵһ·ȥֻҪʱɣ
꼴һ𣬿ôԶôˣߵʲôʱ򣿶ؾӦþǧﷶΧڣ֮ǻҪôԶͺʹࡣ
û꼼پԼѾʹߡ
ǰԼ뷨΢΢Ц޷ЩżҲԵλһߣԱΧһ󣬲öá
󣿡ɫһͻȻԾһЩô˵ԺҲ⴫
ʵǣ⴫ǲֱӵ꼻ңԺлȥ͵һ͵ң͵ײ͵ĶСġ
Ȼ
Ȼ糣΢ЦҲãԺݷҲԣѾܾûдˡ
ô˵˷٣û˻
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ȴһۣҲ࣬ߴٵǿ߰ɡ
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꼵İæ··̻࣬Լǰ߿ϲ֪ٱ൱ڰ޽ɵʮɽˡ
֮ʱ˶ɫأΨɫǳٻ͵ҵ£ȴо˴סֱۡ
ȥƽ˫
ܵͣһ֮Ĵֻʦܣǰ˵ʲô˼
ɫһʶ¶ºЦݣҲûʲô˼ʦ֣λǰЦأҲţѡ
ȴȻЩִţΪʲôֿ

ټֱͷƤ飬û뵽Ȼ뵽Ǽ¡
źۼ˿ڿˮͣǼѾͬ˵ˣҲͬ˵ˣŷֿģΪκԭֻǾһЩˣʦ֣ѵһƭ㣿
΢٣ûʣֻǴµȻ
ٰ˰ǣû¶ʲô̫ɫȥæ꼵ĽŲ
ǰ˵һ˫۾;ĪȻ
˵Ķʵ
л˵
٣ûҥһ죬ҥܶȣ˵ģʦ־Ȼң
꼣΢Ц˵Сѡ
٣磬졣
ٹ֪˭˰ɣ
ǵӦҵ£ˡ
٣˻
#ͻȻᵽĳЩʹ#


132 Ȥ
һɫžʮɽȥ һϲǿ̸ķҲԵóĬԣصӡ
ǰЦᣬ߼Ųƻ ·ͥ㡣
Ҳ֪ôģ ʮҲ޷ŲƣôһǧﶨǿԵģ Ͼټʶλı£ Ȼǲи·
Ȼһ·ʲô۵ĴǰðϢۼһֻԶ ڰ;Ϣ£ Ϣûз졣
һҲδ࿴Ȼ̸Ц
λǰǰֳԸ̫ºͣ ˲衣
ֻǼΪðᶯ ǰһ󷨣ȻѾλøƽ̣ʹϵʱԼȡ
꼵ĶҲλû˯˭ô󵨾Ѱ·ˡ
봫λôŻǧң û ˻һʱһ룬 ٽҹĻǰϢһҹټ·
һҲϢ
ϢζҪפפζźǰһһ Ҷԣ Ҳ ˵˵ţ Ͳ֪ǰֻ˵ʲô ֻʲôҥ
絶Ǹܵˡ
һҹפϯ֮ǰУ΢ɫ£ΣԳ֮ɫ
˳Щλ֮⣬ԵЩΪΣգ
Ȼ֮ǰһȼ֮ʮԣ̯ƿ
ڼ仹ЦϧҲʳѪ⣬ԳСѵա
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Ž˺һξ룬λĶ棬Żžʮ־ض꼣˵
꼼״ЦСѣβ죿
ˡ
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СѺαˣֲʲôǻο˵֮һ棬ν޲ɳԣҲΪСѺá
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΢΢򴽣ȵ˼ʮΪףʮų켫֮⣬ڡڡͥڡššڡڣǰſҽǰȥڡڡߣǵƽº̸ͣһܷǰĿζ
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ˡ
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ǺǺǺǡ
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СǫˣС˽֮
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СǱҵȸ֮˸Щαǫ
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֪꼲ʳǲ˵ˣ˭֪ող˵Լʳ꼿ǱһۣȻͷð
٣
̲ס̽ǲʳ𣿡
ԭǲԵģСѣС̸黶ãһҲ޷
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Դ˷ֻаһ䣬ɫȴװƣǵң롣
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λǰ֪ǲЦǿ˵ðĻ;ٶΪ⣬ԷҲﰵ䡣
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٣
ôţλʲôˣ
Ц绨СѣٺȥڵұѹƲסˡ

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꼼ЩʧЦСѲΪһǷϰɣ
ϯĬĬƳһۣҲ˵
ΪһˣΪ˦ϲҥĴ
һǰ̫࣬ŻôԺһƻ£úˣԼ
³ٿһۣЩɺԡ
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λ겻ɢҲˣֻԷ΢ЦСѣʮɽޱ߼ʣҲԵ֣һԵֵġ
ٺǺͳǲû¿
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СѴԲӣҲǼСѾʮ˳ۣԶ˵ˡ
ȻˣҲҪɱǣҽѵһΣ
ð
꼻شʮֿ٣÷ٻԼǲˡ
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ҲȰСѳĻˡ
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һ仰˵壬֮ϣǰ½⣬Һʦܸ֮ӡ
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ģ
ʵڲĻ
Ȼ
ƵЦݣͻȻһЩ
СѺٹ죿
⧲֮˵֣ٶûʲôӦȴǱߺļ˱꼵˹
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ֻüٹϣ֪ħϵ룬ߵԣһʵǰٹ˭
ٺ΢ͣڴ֮ǰͣһħѣʦ֣㲻ʶûʲôġ
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Щɫ΢Щ·æǰЦأʦ֣㻹ûɣѪǺöԵ㡣
תƽɫ棺ʦܣӰбҲ˶ǰʲôᣬҲҪ⿪źá
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꼷ʹɫ꼸Һ˵Ҫƴ˼
ת۱ͬ˸㡮ġĿ⣬Ȼº͵ؿڣСѼٹ˰ɣ
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ЦСѵһ磬˵ȷžޣƥһҲѹСѶʱⶼ֮顣
˵ʵ̲סƴ˲Ҳڣǰ˵Ҫ֤ݵģֻ۾ҶٹûǼΣλǰˣʱڶûأܶʲô飿ǰˣʦҲõѵҲ
⻰ԵøЩ
Ҳգָٵָ䣬̴沦Ūһϸĺɫ˿
Ƿ˿ϣ鶯ޱȣְϼԵʮ
̾ᷢΪޣ֪Ӧûд˷˿ϰߣʦҲõ˴裿
⻰һڳ˫۾ȫ˷ϣҲЩƺڵ͡
һѶеķ˿ɫջ𣺡ǰôͬҽӽöȡΪ
˻ԼԶɫָЩ򶨣Ǹķ˿ϣ̹Ȼʲôǿߵķ˿һ˺ôŪءҲÿˣҾô࣬ԭΪ˴лʦҳ˷罣ΪʦҲһûԵķָˡ
˵ʵ򶨣顣
꼼˱ϸֻϣ
Ƴһۣ΢ЩָͷڶߣҶٹ񲻹֮飬ⶫҲȷʵãǰ˵ֹϵҴ飬ҹ¹һ
Աͨıöˡ
Ǳ߼λʦʦ˿ǽɫȻЩûʷٵ˼ֻٹħԪϣ
ٿһۣ³һŶ̾ħ֮
⣬˼
֪ԭʦֺͷʦ־Ȼħ֮ôǣۺĿЩƺʲôҲйء
ڷٷ֮󣬶ֺĲ죬ƺһο֮飬ЦСѡô룿ɾ֪ⷢ˿˵Ķ
Ƚ죬ٹҲ壬ϰȻƣ壬˿֮˵ǺҪϷͨмس
ٹħķ˿Ҫĸı䣬ħݣ迴õС
ûȥҸʲôҾֻϣҪǻԸңھͰⷢ˿ʦһʺΣ
꼲δ֮£Щ⣬ƺͬ˵һˣСȤˣ㲻С
ٹϹʱڼλɲ㽫˽Ʒ˵ģ˾ٶȻЩ壬ǰСȻֻͨŵر꼻ô꣬һôȤ£ħ֮ǷϹʱҲŵ˵°ͣһλħ֮Էɫȷ֮ǰÿ
ЦʮᣬٿͻȻЩëȻ֮Уаһвæͽ˵ʦ֣ԵĸϿµԼ׼ˡ˵ƳЦ꼣СЩҿǰΪ߳ʮɽס꣬ӦòЩССĶ
⻰˵ò
ɲǰȻ޽٣ʮִ󷽣ԵҼȷʵвģҪȡǣֻҪСѲڣⷢ˿Ҳܰɱ֮͡
⵹Щ⣬ٶԵֹ̫ƽ룬Ȼֻ̽˼УǸðȶлǰˣģǲ
ֻЦɫΪºͣ·ʲôϲСһ÷Щŵͷԡ
λɶɴ󷽵Ҳͦ󷽵ģ׽ǲ׽һʱ֮־˦ôǿˡ
꼵뷨ࡣ
λħ֮Ȥ£ЩСʲôأ
л˵
꼣ţưСѡ
٣
٣Ķţôϸ˵ҿһ¡
꼣ԣԣԭΪֻǶôȤԭϵĹԶֹˣ˳ԡ
٣
#ϯ¹һʲôҶη#


133 
Ϊ˴˲ͬ뷨 ÷پúֿԺƽˡ
ٹһ˿֮һǰߣЩȳǰ ʮɽס겻ֹ ôõʱ䣬һҲҪˣ ǲкܶĵر ûģصܸܲҳİװҪϲ͸𣿡
֮Ρ
Ҳú˵Σ λԸô˵ܸ ֮ǰġѰһ⣬ȥ˶١Щʲô Ը⣬ ˵ʲôҲãһ˼ִҷϵףԴѰȤ
ʲôԵõôȴΪ˵λҲ˵ʧ ٻԼһڡ
ԱëȮ־ ʾ֭ Լ뵽ĺô˵һ顣
Ȼ΢Ц˵ͷááãԵ СҪʲô ȡǣ Ҷʵġ
ˡ
һҲ˦λǰˡ
ʲôܱȵôൽֵĺô̹ףƹˤʲôɾˡ
̸ı̬ȣ ֮ǰȻͬ
ִսһЩ ֻûλǰֱۣȵǰǺͰף壬˵ʵҼǰͺͼ׵һҪҲͬǰһʣȻӺˣһúТ˳ʲô˵ʲôУҾͿģô

Цл͸һ㲢ʣ΢Цӣ
ǰ
ֱȵĻᣬ˲Ҳڣֻͬ˵ʵֵҲУⲻռı˵Ҳ̫ˣҪǿߣҿǲԸģٹҾͲԸ⣬ҵ

΢ЦԵʮ񾲣ƺһ²֪˵ʲôá
컹ҪڣͻȻ̾Сѵ治ֻϧȻһˣϹʱڵǿΪ˵ӣҵҲС֮Ը
ټЦһ٣˿ģֻһ˲ֵûϵǽݡ
Ҳ˵ֵܽá

ЦڽһЩ
βǰɡ
һתͻüɫҲࡣ
ɫǰԲӣ׻˵úã߱УοǰǿߣǰϹʱھʮɽе֮˵Ļסֽţ벻ϡԸԸ⣬ǰԼ־ˣʲô£˭ôı£Ϊ֮
˵ϣԱߵʦʦһһ㶵ġ
Ҳͬصͷһ䣺СѲ콾֮
ǰޡ
˭ʮɽе֮
ǵȻ
ס졣
ȴѾ˰أƣ޵Сѹ޶ϵҲҵҲ㣿
٣
ƣȻ·ƣĻ
ϯ΢Ҳֻǰ˵ԸԸ⣬ҪԸ⣬ңҺʦֶ£ΪΣ
Աü΢壬ɵûֹ
꼵Ц˽һۣʦֲ֮
ǲҪ
ٴһӣ⣺ĸֻ࣬Ҫǰ⣬Ҳ⣬ǽԴϲ£ƽ̲ģˣ˵ʲôӦ
𣿿СѹТ˳֮ˡ
£ҿ϶ҲТ˳
ֻҪ꼸ҴӦ¶һʮɽ֮壬ʮɽľ֮黯Ĵټ£̾ȥһˣڰ硣
еðײãٹܵű䣬еλҪ˭鷳ǾͲˡ
ϯһ˼άϵҲǡ
Ҳȷʵжĵı죬˽⼸֣λҲ뵽侹˲ҪƤͿ󵨵ˡ
ڷеĿ΢΢ͷҲǲУСȷʵһʣ⸸ӹϵˣʵڲ̫ϰߣСԺҪԮһҲǿԵġ
䣬ʱȤһ롣
ټҲ⣬Ŵ˱ãֻ¶Цݣ½ǣͨһǰȥʮָӲء顯꼿ͷԸΪ޷ȻΪףһΪ硣
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óһƬ׵Ļꡣ
˫ֽӹСһۣǣ
ұһƬ꣬СѿҪպá
ϯĿʢӽУȻлǰ裬ҶȻǰʧ
ȥƤ
꼲ûϵԼ֮Ķӣһ˼ľ֮黯Ĵ׵ģ
죬֮ǰҲƽˣ֮ɫһɨ⣬˿̺޲ʱʱλǿߣ𣺡ǰ˼һ켫ڰɣ켫ڿɺˡ
ǰ飬ϣȴ
΢٣Цҡͷˣסˣס档
ȴģѽһúź㣬ǰסġ
ǰĵʲôҥԡȴôǰ㲻ʲôˣ
̲ںڣ˵ʲôϲеģǿ켫ƽ̺ƽ̷ˣҪаŮҲû˸˵һ֡
֮˼άת޻ɬ
ƺע⣬ֻЦҡͷϴӦ
ϯֻðϧ
ӵλʦʦĿ㶿һƲָϯȣ˸ǣţ˹ʲôǰΪףҵҫ
˵һٹģ
ֻü΢ʱɨݣһۣſĮȻЦ⡣
ֻһۣ˽˼
ȷСԸɡΪӵ飬ʦܶѲʲôϡ£˾ò죬˷ŲˣϻʲôΪŴԼǿıӻҪģ
ʦ֮ߵգΪĿԴҲΪаſ񣬸Ϊ˵츳Ϊ̡ʹࡢ͡Ϣ޷顢˲飬֮¡
û˭ҫУڷٶԣ΢Լѡ
üǰأЦݣȴ޶һɬ֮Уֻ֮
סе֮ɫ˿ͻȻֵʦ˳Т֮ˣԸ֮ºʤǧƽƽҲǫ˳޲˳ӣƽΪӣ³ޱȣǰ⣬ܱʦһ¶ǰ
˵ŻҲ۹ڵأ顯ͷ

ͬ˶ؿ
ϯ׹֮С
Żü̫ͬģͻȻھˣ˵ɶ
˳Т㩡º͡ǫ˳ƽ޲˳ӣ켫ƽΪӣ
ˣȻһͷǿĹˣҲһûûƤˣνӿɴûйٹ⡢¡磬ƽҲ֪ûгйͷⷬΪǿٵͷһˡ
ϯ΢΢˿ʲôоûУ޶˶˱ŪЩ־¶ݡ
װģɵôˣҪӣѰãõ
΢ָ̾΢飬Щԣһ棬־ЩЦ
ƽҪۼΣֻϻ̲ס͵͵Ūɡ
л˵
٣ɵϡ
ƽ̣ס
#ԭϯҪ#
#ٹֲһ ᡢͻݡ˰˾׸ǹԱǱر# 


134 ҵ
ͻľٶ ԭնһ˿أٱֻ볶һŻƤѡ
ĬһϢ̾Ϣ æѽ Цʦ֣õ㣬 ǰ֪ģ İɡ
˵Żｭ˷°ϵĻҳ
Ķ ɫ棬 ֻĿ΢ģʦѳ̫ࡣ
ǣ֪˼
£ ɫ˵˼䣬 ſ꼡
ȴλֻüЦϵ˵⣬ͽĿ̽ѰʲôΪ֪ء
꼱Ͷͽ֮ĸǳȤټ״  ɤӣ ŵǰ Цˡ
ǣȻǰȫȻǶԴ׵ģ
΢΢ͷ ʾԼף Ҳ˵ʲô ֻЦ￴
ûſ˵ Է
һھ˵ʲô춯ػĵĻ 治֪ôͽ͡
ӹӣЩ鸴ֹ鸴ӡ
ʲôҲû˵תһ㣬˿ͷ̸֮ԣ̸ֻ֮ͬһЩԵ飬ûµ˼
ٹ۲ʱ䣬ȻɫȫŵļһϢ
ڼ䣬Ҳûй˵ǺʦмСش˹ʵʦ֣ʶλħ֮
ħ֮˵ңɼĴڡ
Ļ˼Ŀ⡣
ټ״һȣɫǰɣôħȤ

۸æ֣Щʦ֣Ҳ֪ŵ˼ǼʲôìܵģϾʦּλѣʲô£պԴҵ㲻üأҵĻƽ̺ͳҲδȥʦʶλħ֮ȻҲ༸ġ
ʦܵȷǸ̹Ȼˡ
뷨Ҳһһ˵ʲô
ʮУͥͺǿܻΪѣȻҲԸģϾ֮ʵûʲô̫ĳޡ
˼ˣЦҵ뷨ʦͬҶѣ֮Ҳûʲôĳޣαܾˡ
ʦ˵ǡ
۵ͷ˼һŹ֣ʦַģλȥһúȰȰг
á
๰
һӣҹɫѰ˵طϢ
ڣҹ뷨ûУȫȻãҲֿú˯㾫
ڶһ磬ٴ̤ǰ֮·
ûʲô飬ɫʱһɽǰ
ֻλɽڱڿ¶һ꼵ĻԻ֮
ͷЦҵҲʹ⴫󣬺ķѵʯõģÿһʱն䡣
Ŀⶨڷϡ
ΪĿǰֻϯλ
ټǿԼʮִ󷽵ҪݷǰҾͺˡ
Ҳûӵʮɽ֮ͬû˻ܵĹȥ̫Σˡ
ǰ棬ҲͷֻʮɽвȤĶСǿԺúᣬʧΪһȤ
ô˵˻ûʲôӦѾʮ־裺ʲôȤĶ
꼾ȤĶ벻ʲôõģΪʱҲúȤ
ࡣ꼻ͷһۣЦ˵ʧȤСԼǡ
ٱ㲻ϸʣ룬һЦݣǰս꼣ǰôƺδ̫Щ켫ڣҵĳǻ֣ǰҲҵֺˣҰٻٶС
ôûʲô֣һ뵽ǰȵػٶλʦܱ˵Ĺ졣
ƫ漰µ˶ûʲôоһᣬһһ
꼵еٶТ˳

˾ĬΨٸӦ𣺡佱ˡ
֪ĻΪѪס
ͨһǰȻʣٿһʮ־޴Ĵƿ̻临ӣ࿴һ;ЩͷΣҲ
꼺޸оߵ룬ⵯ⣬˴ʮǣǣɵվʲô
ټæߵǰһҫ۵Ĺ𣬼˲Լͬر۾
Լһ˲ȥ˺ܾõѣΣ˼֮󣬼ǰѲǿĶѨһƬ̡ͬе硣
ֲͬ꣬ɺ֮ǰȫȻͬԱһһ˸ߵ磬ȴһͳȻһ
СҪ
ϯһ˳ȥ
꼿һۣЦǻεĲľ֮飬޶˼ҵӣǲԸġ
٣
ԶǿСЩźǰλǰʲôôͻˣ
һ˸ߵСܻ飬ţ
ȴЦҡͷָָԶһŸʵľǿ𣿡
šѸٵͷ
ıǰ뿪ǡδεģǻΣֲ귴ģ¿ʼѪ֮ҲС
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ϯ˿Χ裬¶ЩҸ֮ɫ
ʦЩǣʦ֣Ҫڴ˵شãؾô죿Ҳˡ
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ΪͷƬ꣬ٸոձĲľ֮鶼׷ԾĿ⿴
ȴ˿壬ߵһСǰ˼֦ѾϽöѩСͷʦ֣
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ЩСһɣټ״æöק
СЩֵĿУؿ˼ʣµǿŹӣԼһţһŹӸֵʦ֣㻹ʶȴʶĿʼ
˻һֲ֦ҶǲŲֻµֲܿԼŷӵΣˣҲвٴѾ͵͵θˡ
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˵÷ǳʦܻЩҶ֡
Ӷֵ٣ҪƤӵ°ë¶û
ֱЩõŹκһ˿ԵֲرΣգҪҪҪˣվԱ߿š
ۺһͣˣ˰ϵɫƽЩƺѾ׼˸ʦһ档
һҧҲ£ʦ˵öԡ
׼һԿҶסԼ꣬ʦ֣㻨ǿģͥĿⷿһţһѫܸߣҪ黨ջҿЩ

˳Ŀ⿴ȥֻһΡΡֲ˼ҶӰԼʵʵϧûӹʦܵķۡ
ϯĿ΢ѹѸ٣ʦܡʦã󣬳ʦܡĪʦܣңʦںҶǰ棬ϣ
ȥѸپͰ֮ززм䣬ϸһֻۣҪ㻹ٳ
㻨üϸɤӽеǿ͵ԣ꼴˲鷢ģ
ΪǼ˻򲻹ϾǶ飬ͷϲƬ꼵Ļ꣬˵Ǽ٣û˸꼱ӵ
꼴¼ţһϵĶӣҪȫʬ
ʮɽ֮ɻűҰʬ
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ʱ䣬ٲ㱻һֲҵ
ϯҴұܿЩջ𣺡ǰɣҲܣ˵ˡҹ꼻ĺӣô㶫ңҸҵȥ
ĴǽŲһ٣ʱһѶ˹һûңʮһ顣
˶ϯڣЩѾӵӰˡ
꼵ݷԲڶʱͺͺһƬֻʣ¼δӲ϶ҡ
꼵λԭԡ֮ĵط񵹳֮ˡ
ʦʦĿɿڴδĲ
ǷΧһ֮ɫָƽ߼Ÿʲôȥ֮ڵĵطط治ֻ·Բʮﶼǲľ֮飬ջɴˡ
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ͥѵݵʦ֣ǰҪ᲻ǣ
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ٷ쿴ĴΪߣִ򲻹˼ҼΪ΢Щöʾƣǰǣ
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˵ΧյһƬĻ
ɫ΢һܣ°룬ͷ⵹Ҳǡ
ĶʰһЩĵرһ䣬ȥڼŻݹһͲͺˡ
˵ʮڣ̾ܵʮ֮⣬˺öͨݻԱһȦһУһȦֲԵЩήҶͨݣϯصͷûʲôˡ
ȻŻȥ鿴ͷ֮ǰõĶ
ڶգǰء
Ϣʱߴߴس֣ڷЩ˽⣬Ҳûй⣬ֱ߳ݣǰº͵Цݣ뿴λСѡסΡ
ĿȥֻһȦԵŤŤĻݣή̬֮⣬ǹͺͺһƬľ֮顢ʧӰ٣ټҲˣ΢ֻһƬž֮·Ƭݲߡ
꼵һ΢Цϡ
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٣ĶСģֵȣ£ɾˣҲô˼ΪŪҡ
꼣أأĶĶ
ʱϯֵʮ֮档
#ϯ׼׵Եĵϱ#
#һƬݲ#
#Ϊϯ׵Ĵ#
#ƽ̣ϲ㣬ȡһáɵûʸ#


135 
ҹ꼻 Ϲǿߡʮɽ֮ߣ²У̨±Ǩ
ʲôıɫ Ҳʲô̾
ǰ˷ٺٹ£ ҲֻоȤɽգ ϵЦݽסˡ
λõĲľ֮һƬͺͺϸСӡ߰һѾήӲӻĻĵء
ϢʱδоʲôǿϢ ҪΪĸͬǿ߰һ顣
ôܰεôɸɾֳ󲻿ԣ
ǰƬ֮أ 꼾Ĭã ŵͳǷŪģ
û˵ǼСָ٣ɼ֮塣
ͳλСӣ թǿλĻҶģ Ƕˡ
һȦô£
ָһȦֲӲݡ
һλСѵŹͺͺһƬСӾʹӼʮֲһЩֲ
⡯õúá
ȷʵ⣬һȦӲӻȫ洦ɼ֣ûһֲɼëݲĽ
ü۵ʹ ֳĬһ ŵأ
С˵һƬûʲôˣ ȥ˸һЩĵط
ҲͼӴףֻʵΡ
һƬžа˰ǣ̾ǲ Ҿ͹ˡ
ĻܿûһƬ֮У ΢
һߡ
ڴʦʦǡ桯
ʮɽ ˶֪֮Ĵڣ 꼵ݷΧʱá
ͷ廨꣬ ͬ˴λ˵һǣҹ꼻ҵ۸Ҿ۸ҵҾǲҵ㲻ߣôĵӣ
ʵڽߵʦʦÿۡ
Ǽ̫Σδľٶе졣
һ˳˷ٺͽһʼЩľսᵽֱֺײջķĿ֡
˾񶼷һ
ڶ̶̰ʱ䣬зԲʮڵĴŷɥҶ֪֮ҹ꼻һӣӺ꼴ԸȫһŰֻдϣ߻˼ɷСܣǸ·ģʶϳĹӻ֮࣬Ȼ꼴˵Ķ
һʱߵĲߵģҶһƬǽ塣
ʱ䣬ǾҲʲôˡ
˼еǰ취Ƿ֣ϾǵΪʮɽĴǳࡣ
ڷҲǸ̰ĵˣһյջķᣬ
ⷽԲʮ޶Ķ޶һߣٲŸʦʦһ̸Цһߡ
˶δ޵֮Դǲóˣ˾һʼЩŵĺʦҲ޵ŷʦֳҽշ֪ʲôջ񣬴ǰЩȥˣհٷ֮һҲ㡣Ĳ˵ʦ֣պʲôǲֻ˵ʦ岻ݴǡǻʲô֮ҲЯЯʦܡ
ʦǹά֮ȴ˵÷ǳȻġ
ٱҲЦ˵ʦܷģҲϤˣǶһεˣлᣬҶȻ㡣
۶лʦ֡
һϲأλʦʦȺͬϯлȻպг߻ԡ
ȻǾͿվǰɫƽĿػߡгĬǰ
˺һ͡
ϯӦ죬Цӭȥǰˣ㿴ǸղɵĹӣҲϲҪҪһڣ
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ٴżЦͬһǰ̬ɫ˼֣ȴǱ˵ҿЩǵĴģû֣㶯Ҳ򲻹ǡ
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˶ȻǹάãȸԼ׸ݣſڱǡ㲻ߡӲáҹ꼻ͷЩ޶һ顣
ҷٻЩϧʵֻõһЩǰǵĶͣûء
кöϢֱˣҲ׷ȥû޶٣ٹԼҲͰ⸽֮һĴ޶һ顣
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ЦƺݸپݸӣŵֻǾԵݼǣЩźˡ
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˳ɿȻһᶼûУתۼѹ˳ݵҾ֪ңõģٳȥһܰЩǰһֻҪٽҼλǰͺˣֻҪ£ҾܽǶһ
ЦԽᡣ
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˵ƶλʦȴЩʦܲţ⡢ˣ
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ٵͷͷݵķ¶һĨЩƵЦȥŲԳһƬӳⷽٵ߱߸뿪ߴŭǲˡߣǴ
л˵
棺
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꼣ҵĻô
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136 ֮
꼻ǵ͹һٹܴ˵
Ϊҹ ûаѽֹ֮˵˷ٵ磬꼶Щµ̶̳ĸߣ תϯһ޶ëķ
ߵʮ֮⣬ ſյһƬδָĿӶʦЩǣʦ֣ ҪҵЩ
Ȱ˼һ  ҲҪҵǲУ ЩǶӰٺõĻ ҲɸΪ֮
򵥡
תǣ Ŀǰİ취޷Ŀ꣬Ǳ㻻˼·
ɻУɤӣ΢΢̧°ͣע һƬյĿӶʮɽ 뿪 Ȼ֮ޣڴˣ Ҫļ֮ Զ̷ǰã Ḹ׽֮ˣ Ҫ֮оǰʮ ʮɽ;ǽͳһ֮ˣΪḸߡ
˵Զ٣һ˿Ц⣺ǰ֮󽫺ѡС
۾ֻʦޱȡ
꼵ɾֻʮңôƤͲ±֣ԶʲôǰʮҪЩˣǺã
Ȼ˿ţ˵֮ǼǱЩ֣Цʲô˵ĶʵνµӷͣḸںӣȴḸǲľ֮һǿʤḸλУħѾ˥һͳ£ĪҲӣҵֲһ㣿Ḹ˫ս޲ʤ˵ȴõᱲˣ
ƽɫޱȣǺʦܵ˺һ˿̶ȻҪΪϯô롣
Ҳ̫̫ȳˡ
ʦʦĿɿڴ֮УϢʱ䣬һ˸ߵľӿӶﳤΣһλЩĴ󺺣ݳȣҲʮֵͳŷ٣˵Ŀģ
һ֮ǰʱֺǰλİȴݣЦѵǰôãϹħͳΣΪδ˥ܣȴҲδưԹḸ꼣֮ѵһȲ֮
ȻǼġ
ûзԳƬ̣ɫδ䣬ֵֻ塣
ǹؼ
ǰͷ꼱廨Ȼ˵ÿһ޷ӵĲͬЩСˡӣǶ塣
ſڱƣʵŷ
ȴ˿ţЦǰ⻰ǺЦûҵȷ壬ḸУҰ£ѵǰΪҷ֮ӲҪȥ׽壿ҲǰݹأḸûкᣬһӣưԶ˵ʲôãḸΪ֮ḸΪ̣Ϊ֮գ
˵ʲôԼӴ޹أһֻΪ壬ȻǲŵģڷٸûзԼϵɷǳվסš
Ϊ֮ûκλһΪˡס٣һΪԼ٣˵˵ˡ
룬ŵΪͩһ峤ӿɳΪܷ⡣
ٵĿһ޵ͩܣԭͩľһ壬ãǰΪʮ֮һ֮ڽŲƵḸ֮ǰʱ
΢ּЩЦݣǰСҲŲһЩȥḸ֮ڸʮḸԡ
ûз޶ë·ȷʵǸôЩĴɫû̫󲨶΢΢֣лӡ
ͣ٣һС֦֦ϻƬεͩҶ
ͩľ㵱֮񡣡
治ɫ£ͬЦǰ
ǵͷʧԭأ֪ǲŲƱȥˡ
˿Щľս֮󣬺ʦܲŴʦ֣ͩľǺöȻѾзѪĴ˵κζ󡣡
һСľͷܵõһλѪ⣬ʮɽǶĶˡ
š
ٵͷҲ˵γȥһֹ֧ľ֮飬ҪѪʱħնħɱħʦܣȥúͬƽ˵˵ҲôԸ켫ˣ֣ʱ˭ֵܵ
ãһȥͬƽ˵
ԭֻЩ⶯ʦ˼ҲһЩ˵Լƽ̵ĿܸˣĵҲøŷʦûʲô⣬ôû԰ͥǿ󣬺αطҪ켫ܾˣǿǿϡ
ʦУʦҲЩֻгʦܺĪʦܴͷβóݵĿ⿴ŷ١
λͩľ뿪ԼϢһݴӿӶðλȷ˵ð˼ꡣ
λЩΣЩԱ彻λǷ֮ǰ޶ëġ
ǰλݴԼ٣꼴׼սʮɽ֮⣿Ҫѡʮλ󽫣
Ȼʱû֮ǰͩľô飬ĮЩԣḸͷȲֱһ٣˵أΪҹ꼻֮ء
⵹Ҳǡ
Щ֮ԶĻŲɣҪΪȷʵ꼾Զҳ꼴˵ڲƭҲòʲôܻ뿪ʮɽյգֺأ꼴˶Ȼ봦Ͷˡֱ⻰٣ֻҪǷٻ֮á
꼴˶谮
⼸λЩҲ˵һڣָλǿ󽫺ѡ֮УŲ֮⣬ʮ֮ڷΧλ˼޷ڡ
ԭ޶ëǿȵģôһ˵λãǱųλȴЩˡ
һλµܷҲû蹫ôֱ˴֮ڣ
ЦЦ˵Ե˹ҵȵܷǰǺεΪλǺεΪǼλܷǰΪҲֱΣ
ձ޶ëλ˿Ҳͬǣε棬ҺܷᲢۣ
֮λЩǺһλڣҲ蹫ӱǡ
˵Ҫժӡ
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ⲻƽ
׼ͶĴ¶ŭɫճˣδӣô㣿
رǹأܸģ
⻰Ƿ˵ģĸ˵
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ڡѡ桮ſ͡Ȱ˵֮£١ΪѡλһǶ԰ѱŲƵݸԡ꼴˵Ĺԡ
뿪˲òĿ⿴ɫƽӣȻû뵽һĬԵĽʦ־Ȼ˵ֻ
Ƿٽ̵ǣ𣿽ʦֶ򶨣ǻҪŬԹɫʦұࡣ
Ҫû˽ӻԼԼ̨¶ΣԵõƸ񣬽⻰ͽӵǡô
˼صͷƺЩʲô
ſЦʦ֣ԽԽĬˡ
һڽ֪Ҫʲôͦõģʡ˲پ
ȴֻɫƽº͵ҡҡͷʦעⰲȫá
ںӱߣʪЬ
Էʦַģģûʲô̫գҲô
ǰʱûʲôգԸ˦λҪôҲûѡŭôΪٹ
ڲƭЩ˵վֻǲ漰С£漰ͬǿߵ£꼶䣬ٲнѵһ٣һййҲ޷ɥûµĻ˾͸ûˡ
ȻĻµģ޶ëܲˣνСģֻҪ漰Ķȫû£˻ʲôġ
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֮һЩԲͬȻ˲̬ͬȴǣ֮ӵȡ
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ǰĴǲδȫΪԶϾΪԣЩľ֮ȻӵأȴҲûôϸҲΪߵĴִܷԸ̫֣ԼѰ徻֮ΪҲеġ
ͬģݷԲ֮ȫΪĴԽԽپ꼵ӦҪлԼΪƾһ֮ΧĴη˺ü
ͨ׵˵ǰΪΣȫŪ˷⽨ơ
һƬ͵Ĳľ֮Ϣһ֮ǸĦȭ˼ӿԶħ壬ǳΪʱİ֮ҵϾ˭Ҳ˵ľ֮ûǿʤ˼ֻǴǰûлˡ
һУֻ˰ʱ䡣
ʱ֣ٴδ߳ıе롢ĦȭƵĸ
ǿ֢ǳϸĵذһȦλĸ塢ɫ߶һ£ȥʮɽֲĳֵĲ԰ӡ
һ˲ֿյȷԼء
ٸոհʮΧĴźãʦʦ߻أһ۱㿴ɫ΢վϸΧ
Ŀһ¶ޱЦݣӿŲӭȥ
ߵǰȶ˶ع£һ񣬲ŸٶΪһУ⣿
꼣
ǰЩ˵ζ
ԵĴδѵ⣬¸϶С˵ģ꼴ΪĬϣ
꼾Ĭ˺һתҽ
ײǰͷ˵˭֪ʲôٶڱ̶޺һ㣬ٶҲ
Ƿٴӵ߸˵ͬ˵ڴ˵ңȥḸ
Ųɿ죬ߵǰݵݡ
ţٲŷĿռ侹Ȼһ㣬ƺн֮
˼ۣϯŲɿߵϵǰ
ȵϥأһУ𣿡
бϣŶǣûʲô
ֺЩ˵ʲô
Ҫûƭ꼶ţЩһŵӣ붼ֳ֪ʲô˵Ļ
ûʲôȴʮɣҪ֮ڻָĴôãȻ߾ȫֻҪ⣬ԸΪκ£ڹǵС˵˷ʱ䣿ʲôԸҾͺá
꼾ú󿪿ڵʲô
ĴС֮ӵݺΪʮλ󽫣СԶձԶħ壬һʱ
꼴ηϵȻһ٣ƺһ˲üΪĿ⿴١
ģƺ˵λǿ
ϯ״æȥס꼵ĴȣĵģǰҪңٹûõĻڳ˯ôȵ㣬ѵ㲻Ϊ˴֮ǰ㲻ֵʮɽ֮Ǵ˴֮İ
ȻĿã̾ա
Űʱ䣬پ͸Զѡʮλ󽫣һаŵطֻٶȾҲˡ
Ϊʲôٹô죬ûбλǿߴ
Ȿ¡˽ܣɡ
л˵
٣Ϊ㲻ֵȰͰǿˣҶֻ˵ǵҲҵôģ֣ҰԶɶģ
꼣
꼣СѣҲסˣȻѰؾҾͲǡ
٣ҲߣһûΪҲߣ
꼣
Ǹ
ٹ
ٹѰ˼ǰɣ
ʦǣʦţ
һҪúպˣЩʦܷСϹ֮һҲŹ
#ϯδӱֲ֮˼Ըع#


137 
ֻ̾Ϣ δŭаոǰ ҳЩС˼ ⻰Ҳδȫԣպħ Ҫһģ ΢Щ ٹӣ ֻϵΨݵʮɽȻҪ αز׼أ
꼷Ŷǵ֣ Ŀǳ㵹ǸԺģȥԸٹ񡣡
һ⻰Щί
Ҳô˵ɣҲûȥԸٹֻǾδƱضҪһȻˣ׼Ƕã塢ħ̳ Ϊ֮ ˵䲻ģ δûµǿߣϹʱôܻ ֪˲Уߣ Ϲʱ֮ǰ δûд ˴ һãʵǿʢ֪Ϊʸ֮ģ׼ǡ
⻰棬ȫǼ١
¶º͵ǳЦСѣóԶ
һСһû̳֮λʱʱЩ£ɼƽҲЩģ־Զޱȡ
ټô˵Щŵ֮ҲȫȻ˽ģϣǰ졣
Եı㲻˵ˡ
꼴беȻͣСڴ˴ҲסգÿľҲˣҿʱԡ
δ˵꣬ټеҲߣ
ŲӣԴǣһûúù͹ǰ˵ܾ֮ô뿪ǰסһ£һûչڵأӦģֻҪͬҴ˴չظʮ¡

ؼ֮ǰҲûǸôڵˡ
ۼٸɴסȣ־ᶨҲߣҲҪǰúݵġ

ŲȣȻپƤҩһ֣ҲҪ˼
꼾ĬƬ̣¶΢Цͷͬ˵Сѣûͬ˵ҲǰºͣʮɽȻžȴҲû֮
Ц͸һɭ֮С
ٹвٵЩȫһ̺ɱ⡣
һͻȻɿ֣ɴ£̹ȻҪΪС¾ɱңǾͶְɣֻʦͳȥ¶һ˾޹ء
꼴ݲȣ꼸ݣһλǿߣû˿£·˸׼
꼾Ӹ¸һżֱۣСôı¹Ȼ
ټİ֮ʧЦݵȵҾ֪ɱҰûʲôֵ¡
⻹й֣
ҲЩǰһЩСˣԶ£ȷʵΪıЩǰԸѵҲҪ𣿡
˵Ȼ
ʵ˵ҲʵԶûдλǿߵĵߡ
꼵ûʲô˸տʼľʱ̣˿һֱԵúƽ͡
֪Ȳıƶ࣬ȥƭǵĶСѣĳǲ̫á
佱ˣôҵҲһˣں
ȻЦ绨 ˿ݡ
־Ĭ˻ĵ¡
¶ҲٿΣչؾͺúñչء
û⡣
̴ӦҲû׼Σöõòˡ
Ӧúܿ죬ƳһۣƺЩεӣֵԵֲָɴǰ˭ŵôģҿۡ
εЩˡ
ϲǿ߶ϲӣΪҲϲأȻҷ⾢ʲô
ǲľ֮飬ĸľ֮ϲ룬縴һ㣿
⵹Ҳǡ
ͬͷ˼ܿ޷ңұܰ׵
Ӧúܿ죬ǲģͣٺֵеΡ
ȻĻѣģͿʼչأûеΡٶһ䣬Һ´ûʲôɣ
ڴ

ž֮֮ȻһȣȻһ˱߳ݵΡ
ȥ
ٷס֦ɣΣſԱ߶Ĵʦʦǡ
ֱӣ˹·ϵĽӡ¶̫λλðɣϲһġ
ŻعͣǹȻʼ䶯λá
Լһֲ֮֮ҲԵ࣬ҲȻࡣ
ͷͬǹ֣֮²һʱ䣬λڴԡԡ
á
ٴͷʾûʲôԪҲƳôöˣһʱ
á
΢΢³ֿԼˣҪչˣʲôµҳ˵
չس֮ǱҪȥѰؾˣԺ
ǾԲֻһαݵģϾ꼵ȷʵô١
ڣҲ˵ʲôֻͬٵ˵ͷȻ߽Լķ䡪޵ԴѲȱȷʵúúó
꼻ɷٻҪʲôʱϯȴʵʵ˱չ״̬
;ûг֪ٽʵʵչһ£ֱĴˬ߳ݡ
һ糣ûˣֻͥںһλ˵
˹ȥ
ʦԵúܸˣʦ֣ǰ˵ʮɽһط£ܿңǰҺͺʦȥˣҪҪҲȥ
ң
üһ̲ɫˣұ㲻ȥˣʱˣЩʱջȥʲôȤĵطͬ˵˵
طȤĻ£վ¿ܿʵҡ
ͥȥĵط꾡˵˵ĩ˻Ȱʦ֣ǵطĲǰ˵Ϲʱһλǿ֮أЧĲȥ𣿡
ȥˡ
ЦŻҶЩûʲô̫Ȥ˰ɡ
Ǳˡ
ͥ̾ʦ㡢ĪʦܣнʦǶûȤʦҲûȤǵطȷʵǸΪ洦ĵط
΢յ֮ĪʦܡʦáʦֶûȤ
ǰ
ˡ
ȥȻΪ׵ԭʦÿΪϲĪʦΪʲôүү𣿽ʦأѵΪ𣿿¶˵ˣڰɣ
ϯʱ֮˽ܡ
۳ͥĵǳʦܺͺʦ˼
ЩʱͻȻһº֮
꼲֪ʲôʱվ΢ЦȷʵǸ֮ȥһҲǺõġ
ٵֲӿͷɻ˵Щʲô㿴꼴ǱЦλǿ͵ǹȥɡ

پܾĻûü˵һӣǰѱģ
һƬƵĶϱ֮ϡ
ˣ֮Ҳӳʦһ˱ȫ
ǰվԱߣЦһһѵһ˴˴ܲúһ˴ʤż£
˻һӦڴбļͬʱ΢䡣
ʦܺͺʦѾûʲôоֻЩãȻ֪ǰΪζԡ
ټʶԶ±һЩ
꼼״һƣվԱɫĮŴ鱻Ƶ±ߣһϢ֮䣬µ׵ڣͻȻ֯һ̬ͼ
ʮۼһѹС̬֮пһͼԼӰ
һƬλûߵУ֡ˮʦãҴ㣬Ҫ㿴ĺ
һɲǼ䣬ԭĮݳޱȡ
Ǵ򲻹꼣ٻܸƴ
ΪҲ⻭УϯٶЩ֮С
֪λʦð⡢Ҳ̫߳ˣ
ֻԵȻ
ֻεһۣͻȻЦСѲ֪˭
һ˲˶¶濴ɫʦá
һ
л˵
٣ƣ㲻ӣҲգҪߣ
꼣СѲǲûϵöǣôϲһһһô
٣
#£֮#
#ֲ˹#


138 ںδ
Ȼ˵Ŀ ôĿԼϣ׽֮ˣʵǼѹ
ɫûʲô̫仯 ֻܿԵĽӲ ΢΢û֮ˡ
ǰи ں͸Ҳֿˣ ȷʵô˵
û˵ 꼵Ц𣿡
ЦüΪͣ ƺѾ͸ĵĻš
Ȼ治ɫֻ˿
Ҳǿʲô˺ܿջԼԵߣ ת顣
ʦϳɫδˣ ˶ЩֵĿ⿴毺õϴ΢һҧҾϲʦ֣ôˣϲҵģ ʲô£
ˡ꼡
ɼʦʵԽԼ˼ ΪϵĲҲںˡ
꼵Ǻð ȻĻʱһЦٴλ䡣
αƳȥĪʦܡ
ټĶδ̫Ӧ ΪĪʦܵ㲻ʲôܣ ڳļ˶Ҳںħ ʶиүүеЩ档
ʱ䵣Īʦܣ 絣Լ
ɱǧӵĲģ ξǳġ
ϯ֮ʱɫĬֻ۵ӳЩŵĪʦ⧲֮±Ƶ±ߡ
ҶܶûʲôעǺϵõĳʦҲ⣬Īʦܵһж
ֱµӳһɫЩİĻ档
ƳһֻۣͣԼǲۻˡ
ĪʦܵӳĻೡֵԶֻ
Լ١гͥ
ʵͥԼֵĻֻռ֮һô࣬µȫǷٵģ
гʱߡ˹Ҿǹءķʦ֡
ڵ֮ף볤̸Цķʦ֡
лƽԭؾΪһѪķʦ֡
ĶִԺķʦ֡
ҲŴϣһնȥΫi۰ȾѪȴѷķʦ֡
жɽšһڶƽ̡ʮŵķʦ֡
Ļ棬ȫǴӳΨһͬǣЩķٿԹޱȡٹ롣
仰˵˺ü˾ǹ⻷һٷûԼЩпȥôΰӢС
ƽҸоҲģҲûĪʦӳôá
ҪǣЩеĪĳ֣ĿԶ׷Ǹ֮ˣ֮ǰʱ򣬻ɳĬԣʱԶôעӣĿг޷˵ĳݡϲôһײĳԡ
ȻʦԶ׼Ҫֻ࣬ҪǸˣٶܿĪʦе㲻Ծ˵ȻںʦһЩһʦܶʦֵݡ
ͥҲǳݷ٣Ҳʦֵľ󣬵ָоĪʦܵ
⣬⧲Ƴȥվ±ߵĪˣ̣ʹͷһֱվԭأûзκ
һƬž
鷽ӳҵʱҪž
ʦܺͺʦĿɿڴ֪Ҫ˵ЩʲôʦϸֳЩ⣬ʦüͷ΢壬ɫЩ䣬˽סˡ
ĵһϯڲͣ߶š˭ڸĶʲô
ĿĪʦܣҲûõȥ
ڶݵʱв²һ£ĪʦܱܿһЩϵ⣬ͳʦһǰű˴ѹ۸ͬǳʦԸʣҲ츳׽ණˣĪʦһֱԼСȦŵѹҲͳʦһˣһʦǿϤ
ɻɵЩõʦҲеģϾһԼٶһЩĸ飬޹ڰ鲻飬֮ǳˡ
ķ˺һɫĽӲƽϢһЩ̲סԺϵͳĲҪ
仰κʱ˵öġ
ǰٹ˵ʱҫпԡ
˾ĪʦΣҲûʲôԺôĪʦٽ
Ҳ̫ˣ
Ҵһһ̽ա
̲ס꼣ĬĬһ
ֱѻ죬ǰҥˣ񻹳ˣԺΪˣһʹ꼻һ٣û½˼ϵף˼
ϵͳο㲻ҲùΣҪҲĪʲôϵֲϲ
һ˵Ҳϲҡٱ粵ѧΪĳЩζĹϲϲҪΪӴˣŲŻһһ
΢΢̾Ϣֵ¶ˣҰĪʦܰųȥ棬ʶˡĶˣҲˡ
ϵͳĪδûʲôȤֻѯʵô죿
Īʦ⻹ãǡԼʦδҲûʲô̫ϵֻҪٲںڳ˶ϲˣԼ֪Ҳ֪ˣֵ˾֪
پͲͬˡ
ô룬ڳ֮У࣬ϵڶû˸ϵһ
ڼ͸ĵҲ²ﵽײż㣬οˣ
˵ʮ鶼ղϯҡ
˶ǻµġ
һ뵽ͷƤ顣
͵͵ΪĪʦܶ𾪻ûعˣҧͬϵͳ˵ʵӳأ˸׿ԼħħΪйأΪȻǶֻڵ־йء
Խһٲ˵£ҵ־ᶨݶҡҲʶ΢ѹһ£ռֻһ˲ǲһ¡
ϵͳԵúΪѣûô
ֻ֪ѹסһˣùܡ

ѹסйڸͷ
ʮֹ˾ϣ˵Ҫľ׵ܣغණ뵽ϵͳ˵ǴҪġ
ϵͳĬһ˲ҲҧҧãҾ
һһϵͳ˲ãٽעתƵ磬ԾɻĪʦҵ֮С
Īʦܴӷһ˲ͱˣֱҲûжһʧȥĵܡ
뿪ڰοʲô־Լˡ˿˵Ρ
ƺƹǵģλǿЦԣҲʲô¡
仰Īעһ㣬һʮֻڲҵٶת
СּΪֵ̧̿ͷûˣֻ۰Ͱ͵ؿŷ١
Ŀѷٿͷһ
˼ʪҪ޳Ŀ⿴ԼˣرϤˡ
ϯ¶ΣŵǸʵʵ֮ĪʦҲоӢӣһȥЩʦʦͬʶҲûʲôˡ
Ī˰Ļ̿ǳЩת
ʦûж¶ɫⱾңʦ˵ҪһЩʦʦͬʶ
жЩȤȴֻóĬصͷжʦֵĿݡ
ټֱҪεؿٳһˣȴǲòǿװ򶨣һʦֵĿǽ̵ұħϣʵ޷ƱûˣҲ޵·ϵĿܳġ
˼žֻ°εضķ
֮ɫЩٲŻ˿
ҲûбѵʦˣʦŻҪοϰ
̾˿ٻûüԷһ£ǰЦؿͰұħϣ֪СħǺΣ
һֻüԺвִٺϵͳ
ȻͱһƵ±ߡ
ռҡ
ֻһ˲µ̾ӿڲֹĻ档
Īʦӳֻ˵Ļ棬پͷḻˣԿȥٵðٰѸ˶ЩĿϾӡ
ҪĻԼǡ
һǷٸΣ켫ɽŶϸ˵ģ
ܱĺ˻ĳƳϻΧ˸ɫŮֻŮǵӽһģԼֻûʲôָ
֮ɽűߺȾƵĻ棬ɽǰӳһƬѤ졣ŵ˽ݿȲ̸Ц͸֮ˣһǷ٣һˣǽ
һ޴ʺɫнɫɫ׺ԵޱݻмһŴ󴲣ɴ£Ⱦ֮Уߣһλüųġʧɫʮӡ
ӱֻۣΧͳĮħ֮ɷټΡ
ķǰɵʥУü˽ɫġʸšѹָӲѩ׵Цܣ˵С
ʮɽǶϤ֮ǰٰЦᡢ͵ǰѹµϱᣬһһֵϵףĻ죡뿴ӣ죬㱾彻СүıȻھʹ㡣
ѹڵµסС
һʱ䣬ϵٴμžޱȣ˶̲סˢˢǰ
ԭЦ⸱ֺ󳹵׽ס
žǳԹϳԵԼϵĸо
µµĻ滹ڼ
ֳ֮Ϥס
켫ƽضϯ˵ҶΪƽ֮λʹˣһܰŷ󡣡
ƽ̷ҪѼļ޸ҪѼڸޣϯʮ־ܾĻ档
ٱ绹зٸϯ䣬̨ڶСͷݵĳЩϤĳʦܡĪʦܡʦܣкʦܣȻС
֮廨ŵĻ棬ֵ˵ϯжôḻʡ
Щֵʱ͵͵ŲΣൽһߣܿеߣɫΪɬһһͬϵͳɹˣû¶𣬵ҵҲˡ
ǰʦʦǸѱʦȻټ򵥵Щ
ҪԱΪǿҵߣ÷âڱձݱȿȣ֮ȫתȥǶӡ
߲룬һ꼡
ĸǿ߿Լѹڵϱỹ˵ĵĻҲ޶ԣһԽ
ԭҲ
ռ֮дʼûгֹ
ҲںĽȻһ㡣
Яֿ꣬Ҳ˾ǡ
ɷҲû취ûռгַٱɸľѾϵͳŬ޷Щϸֻֽһնϡ
֮ȫǷ٣ҲӣҲȫıģʵΪ֮
˿̸֪ǿĿ⣬𾪻ǳĬĿ⣬֪ԡ
˺ǰãԼҵģһ٣Ϊѵǽʦ֡
ԹŸ֮㻳
Ȼ¿öҪȴҲ֪ͬڣ˵ԼдûйĴڡһŹ֡
ϾʦֶڵڶŻУһЯֶŮȴλá
ⲻУ
Էпת䣬αһ׺˵
ڣһƬžУͻȻЩͳʦܡ
ӵͳôĻȻЩȡ
ķУǧϼ֮ǰٱһʵͬԼ˵
𡭡ںδ
׳־ɽйʽѣɸأִںδ
л˵
#ͷβ˿籾İײ#
#죬˭Ҳӹһ#
#ϯҺҵİվͷ#
ȻǰײѳУΪйͷ¸Լңǣ


139 ˵ϯ
ɽžԣ һϯ˿̵ĳĬ
֪ôش
δ䣬˭ܿ۵ѹŵһŰ⡣
ⲻ֮ĸ飬 Ҳ޷Ӵ˿̵ʣ ֻзٴһʼʮȴ޷ش
µƲһ棬 ʱţ ɢգ ֻʣŨϼȻʡ
ϯˣ ü΢ʼûлشӵʡ
ȴ˭ҲûҲûעЩֵˣ ԼٰѾԻĻû ֻĿıӰһҲֻĬĻش
ùȥֱЩŭɢڷУλǿǰ͵ЦݣСѹкܡ
Ȼ û˵
ɫݣ Ҳ֪˵
죬 ջעӰߣŲһһߵߣ ǰ ûпϯ ֻɫƽµϼ
֪һ˿ µ׵ϼʼᣬ ֳһռ֮ͼ
ԭҲǲԸµģɴʱȴߵû˿ڸǣû˿ţĿ侲µ׸ֳĻ档
ռȻûϯǰӣֵҲ٣ֻҪֻôλ
Լƽ̡ƽ̷ˡ𡢻з١
˶ؿǻл΢Цգۡ٩٩̸ŮЦʱֶ˵ӡ
ͬĳƺɴ﻽ƺ˵֮⣬˶ݲѡ
ֻµһۣռ֮㽫ת˹ߵķ٣Ȼɫ΢š
ٵͷû˵ֻƳµĻ棬ֽһڸǶûˡǰһֱԼ˵ƻʦ֮ܺĸ飬Ƿֿ֮ҲȷȰǸϣϽɸ飬ֻϲȴǾ֮ĸ񣬲׷ֿ
Ϊ룬ΪҪѡ
ʱȴµп˲ٸ׽Ļ棬˸üЦҪҪһ幦Ρ
ѺڸǣֳЩҲֻΪ𱧲ƽֻڱЩʲô
ĬĬţɫţµ׻滹ݱ䣬ӽ͸ʶֱ֪еɫʶڣָһƬѩ׵ϼһжʧУջߡ
ȻעĲٴοڣʦܣ㾿𵱳ʲô
ͷ١֮ĹϵʵԴڻƽԭؾǴΣٵĹϵؾǴΣһͬ̽أŸĹϵ˼֣˽ԷĻᣬҲǴʱʼַٺӡеĿԴѱкܴ
Ҳ壬Ҳذˣıϸһ·ΪףСٹ͸ͬܵġ
ʱʼȰ뿪ʦܵ뷨ת˶Լĺѡ
ӵĺѣǵõ㰮
һֱ֮ǰ˷ֿȻÿϧҪأ֮޷أж˵ĿҲûиı
ɽգǰռҡ
ʦһУЩףÿ׻ǾȵΣҲûʲôΪٱһѪ⣬ˣΪˣԵʵԵ˶塣
мǹ֮ͬɽſʹһ̸Цֵ֮꣬Ӽ˶ݡҲм֮á
оûһλģ
ֿѵôЯֵ־˲ֵһ᣿
ÿÿڣسϯ¶ԷٵΪأ˷ֿˣҲ켫ڣҲΪǣãҲãһžŮӣôһĲֵ
޷˵޷ȴǧҪʷ١
ʦʦöչˣĶϧ֣ΪҪΪ˾飿
֮ǿңҲޱע֮¶嵭˼֡
ٵͷĬã˿תʦ֣Һ֮Ĺϵ޷˽ͣ
ȻˣΪռȴһ棿
㲻ʮֺ䣬ֻʹ⣬ʹⲢΪ˸
⻰޷ش𣬱ֻŲߣԵռҲܣʦ֪ӳճȫ
˵ʵڽⲻǽƱˡ
ʹãа⵽תȥû˵һ֡
΢΢̾˿
ֱʱ˲ŷӦʦĿЩס૵ʦ֡
ֻ˵˸ͷʲôֿĪʦܣʦ㡭
ͬס
Щ׽Ҳ޷˵ڡ
ջؿŽӰߣĿͶǡ
ʦܺͺʦʱոջδüͻȻС
ֻһ֣཭ЩٰˣҲС
ոտǸֳ˱꼻мʦͷݵΡ
ǰһ˵ҲǸΡ
Ȼƽȷʵôģ֮ǰʶǵʱҲ˼ɵϻǸذʦܵĺʦģԭ˵Сܡ
Ժôߴϵʦ
ٶʱԼμˣڳˣ˭˭ΣֱĿⶼ֪ҪĶڡ
ʱЦһС׳־һȥСһԸ
ɤӣЩЦǺǺǺǺǲˡ
һԸ²Ҫȥһٲǣ꼾ó
꼼ģǰЩСô˼⣬ҿ֮вǺܳ𣿡
ǰĻƤھǡḸΣֻűһ٣꼱ôҲʵҲòࡣ
геˡ
Ϥһ㣬ٹʶǼģҲʶλҲû뵽ƽ˳˳Сĵ׾Ȼô뷨
ô˵ٲһȻЦʮΡ
꼱ͣ˲ӣһűʯӰʯˣСѣҰ͸ٹҲʶʶСѵ׳־
ٺһͣɫһڵʯ֮䣬¶һͳ˹ȥȻ˲Ŀһѱס꼵Ĵȣ߿޺˶ӣҲˣ

ֹˣɫҲһ£Ŀͷ
Ȼǲº֮ɫ
Сѣռпɲô˵ġ
ٻֻб˵ʹޣȻڲ֣꼶˶ֶûǳپҵӣöӰʯͻĹ
ϯһ˿˲ɿڣӵվ
΢ȻЦСѣʮɽв֮ٶᡣ
˲ˡ
ټæ֣ɥ
ʮֱ˵˵ǰͻȻлЩµȥҪһˡ
㲻ǲԸ뿪
ҪǴǰ̫ãĲ
ٿɥ˵ų滰ò
ȴЦ
ȥοοʦ֣ҿҪ
ǻУĺǵһͽѾԻǵڶڼλǿ֮ˣɼнĵλᡣ
˵£ȴֻ̾Ϣһ
ΰοʦڿ϶Ǹˣ˵ʲôġ
ҪͽϾֵ鲻Ⱥ͸֮ǳӵܸһӣͱԴ㣬ֻתȥ
Сѱô˵
Ȼ㱾ǡ
⣬δλҲܴе֪Ǹ鲻ֿˣоûһ׳־һˣ̾硣
Щ
֪ʲô꼻֪ܲ⻰ɲġ
ħ֮㵱Ǹҡ
꼲֪ٹ֮便ΣҲܲ³һλСһŵȫ˼ҵ֮һ˽˸鶼ûУҲ֪λ֪ˣǺθ롣
˼ˣ꼱ҳҲʲô̫յˡ
ٷֻʱλһǻǲĲҡ
Ц̾ϢƺЩ΢̾㸧˸ļͷСѣҵһա
⻰ͬʱҲԷɣҵ㳹׷һա
ٴ΢аҪǸողŵˣִ򲻹ھƶ¡һʲôӡ
л˵
ص֮󣬴ҷӱˡ
ƺǸϯʦֳˣҲ֪ΪʲôȻ͸ˣ
٣
ĬŮᣩ


140 ˵ϲŭ
±ߵɽżԣ Ҳֲʲôôʦ뿪ˣ֮У ٲ֪˵Щʲô ã˵˾䣺Ȼˣ ͻȥɡ
Цͣ Ҳֹ Ǽ˻صݡ
ֻ֮ǰȫͬ
ٺͼʦʦǸԽ˷䣬 ﶼ˾סڸڣ˴֮ȴԶԵĬȻ
ʦܺͺʦܳ˸е֮⣬ûйǿ ֮󿴵ٵԼСͷݵΣ ǵĸдҲرǳʦܣĵ;ԼǷʦֵ֮ˣαҲûʲôˡ
ĸȻûôͻ
ٻصԼݺǳ̾һʱ䣬Щ̾ͬϵͳΣ ҿؾʱûȥˣ ϵͳ һʣ׼ȥɡ
ϵͳԵò죺һʣ
Ĵ޶һ飬ộ
ϵͳȻϵͳ ʱҲø뷨
ȴ΢΢ҧ쵰Ϊôÿҽ֪ʲô͵ʴף
˵գ Ȼ ɫȻߡ
˶Լûг ԼҲƽ ֻзڷû߳ݣ͵͵һۣŵش֦Ѿ꼵ݴһ䣺ҳȥһˣġ
Ȼһ߽˴С
꼸֪ľٶ⡣
ƽҪ͵͵ȥййҲʲô£ЩôҲˣûʲô޶ëĻᣬΪҲʲô죬Եģ꼻ںͷټƽС¡
ǰֻһۣܿջߡ
ٲ֪ȥʲôһ˹أٽҹŻصݡ
һҹ޻ڶһϯͳţȥһ˵ţ̾ѾãؾʱȥˣҲûһˣؾ֮£´پ۰ɡ
˱Ҳ˼ûʲô̽ص˼֮ȷʵþˣջҲķᣬԺܿá
ֻнĿһİĮûлش
ٶԴҲû˼ﻹǸСء
ĬУʦʦȥǰǡ
꼽ƺú磬ǼʱǴģҲδԼֿˣЩʮˬؽ͵˴㣬Цؿ⼸ɫʧڹâС
ǰٻʮֶݵͬ˵˺üȻƺѲ֮١
˷٣Цݡлصǰŷкüλǰ˵Щʲôƺڵ
΢΢üƽ£
λ͸һͩľĴܷ⹧񣺡꼴ˣ˵ҪΪǴ͸ǧУΪԶ׼ҵ졣

꼴΢٣䵭ñôʴȣ
ǱҪЩҲڱˣתɣ꼺ػԼЩľ֮ǲǻεʱûãȫΪ
ܷĿһЩ⣺ɹΪǼӷ˳ƺţԼ֮
ŷ٣ҪΪ꼴ûǰ񶨹֮ӵݡ
꼴˵ĺӣĸóֶ£ԼҲ꼴˵
꼴δ͹ʵΪںһ㣬ǿ߶ⲻЩСˡ
ô
˰üģͻȻЩԤУһԼߣһߵºǣ뱾˵ʲô
ܷⲻͷȡҼ˵ܴ˴͸
Զ٣æӻ
˵ŻȡһƬϸĻ꣬꼵ı廨ꡣ
ҲƬ꣬ҹ˷ٵĻ
ǰĽŲһ٣ƳƬ꣬ͻȡʲô
һܷ飬𣬹˵öܷȼߣʮɽãȡãһš
˵һҲһľ񹭣׷ǧޱȣҲȡˡ
塭

ɫƽؿǡ
ֱ˶˵ˣƽĿ⵭Įľûӣ飬ӦЩӲǡ
ѪȲľ֮ҪϻЩ꼴ǰ̸ͻȻҲмֵˡ
ܷ⼸ã˲ڣλСӲĺ𣿡
΢򴽽ǣٱԼһߺһ߿صӣѵЩȻǡ
ɫ˼֡
һλɫ
ıж֮ǺðСӶˡ
ܷɫҲ̫á
λвţĿģȴ꼵ԹԹʮرˡ
꼾óֵؽ⼸λıֶԱߣ޺һƬħ֮ˣɲǷ֮ǰǿ޺ɤӿɱȵġ
°üĵ֣ɫָ˵䵭ˣɡ
ȥ
ֻ֪ҹ꼻ҹ֮ܣ㣬һ˲ȴ֪ɱˣҲܸЩʱ֮
ǧΪܣ⼸ϸΪ̫ѡ
ֻͨڴϣΪֻдܳеʱĺ֢
ʵҲǰΪС֮ԭ򣬿ϧû֪ˡ
ܿϱˣһۣɿȥ
ʵշôͬ˵ġ
ǰΣ
ҵܷ⣬ݣҪһЩǰУұȻǰԿ
ܷûоܾҲûдӦֻѯܸЩʲô
Ϊ
ѹ͵Űͬ˵ҵı֪ɣҹ꼻ʹҹ棬ʱ֮ǿߣΪΪ𣿡
꼴˵ΰȻɣɹΪβֱ꼴Ҫ
ҵ˵˾͸öʲôľҵģ衣
̾ҪȥˣŻһȥ̳أǰҲˣҵͦ谮ңĺˣ㰴˵ҵ㣬ǿߣǿ߲Ҫģ
˵⻰ʱѹһۣЩܷͬⱧԹҪ̳ҵһƬҵǲףҲֻǰǰæˡҲǰԿ
˵ŻóƬꡣ
ǰ͵͸ǰģСĵóһɫ˿ͩľһҲϹʱھеģǰȻҲʶ㣬ħ֮ķ˿ޱȣһ͸ǰǰҼλǰҵĻ굱ħ֮ķ˿㵱꣬Ҳһ⣬֮ҵٰΪ꣬Σ
ʵܲܰΪٲȷ䣬Դ˽ⲻ࣬˵߷ּپУô־ˣҲһëΣٲҪλٻҪ㣬Щ´Ѫ޹顣
ܷ⿴Ǹɫķ˿΢ԥ˵ͷá
Ȼְλ
⼸λϯһصľ䱦Ȼж֮
֮ǰ˵ܷ⣬ٺλһλҲ˵ˣһ˼һϼƣôһǶ꼵˵Ƕҹõġ
϶ǰ̫ںЩȻˣȥٲ֮ӽԵֲΪ
˵ٲĺӡ˭أǵôţ˼ҺҲǸ壬˼ҵС˶סݣʮɽ˭ס꼵ݣ
֮ǲʲôҲú㡣
ǴʮɽĴصΧǧʱһ㼱еߣ
ʦʦã
ҲǽͣóԼһҷǵƽ͸ġ
˷㼱æݷѸգ˺ʦЩľսʦ֣ʮɽǧﴦ
ʮɽʻҪ°
ȴͣ¶Ѹٴӽӽóһڷװǰ棬Ȼȫʻŵ޷͵һ꼵ĶϢӦ˲ٸΪޡ
Щ͵ޣҲ˲ôˡ
ʦĿżװǰ棬ţ⡢ǡ
ôһ·
·ٶɿ죬ȴȻӦİɣҲϢͦصģ˭ϳžȻţƶûУҾסԱߣⲻǹҽȥ𣿡
Ȼȥ˿
ʲôûУȫЩͨ⣬ٰһŲֻȥ뷨ɴ·ĲĶУ﷭һ飬Ϳ꼰¹뿪
֮ô첻ΪЩıҲ⡣
ӦòΪ·ܳ鷳ɣ
ĬĬţƳ۹ڼװǰоǿϢ𽥼
ϧˣò˶á
һľսڷ϶ɹ˰գҲ꼵·ãһ·ϳһЩķûԵĴ֡
պ󣬼뿪ʮɽΧ
Ŷ£˵һ˴Ҵҷֿʦû˻ţʦȥͥǷٷĸˣֻȻԵγĬ
ʦܿó˵ЩʲôԾԾգһ±˴˵ΣϧĪʦԴ»֮һֱͷĬİվڽ䲻ӸɫĮԳǧ֮ģ
Ҳûʲô̸ԣЩɢؿڼװϿƣΧԵøӼž
ߵһֱ˻ص켫ڡ
ںִͣ˷󣬽ȥҲû࿴һۣŲ΢ȥŵĵǶһƬ֮ɫ·صһ֮ǰ
Ƕλʦһ䣬ȥ
ŵĵӼ̿ݱֿ֮ϯ΢̾һǰһԶȴ·ǵûһģ
ǲЩ
֮ǰλʦֻһ塣
ҲͣͽһǰһصͥȻԻԼͥԺ
һգҲЩˣûٳš
ڶգ˵ϯʱĿɳͬжԸˣϵȻȴǰ
Ҳ˼䣬û⡣
ǿ˵˵ͽΪЩĦڵĿɳĵزһͱˣķ
ʵڲУԻݻ֮˵ûʲô̫Ĳ
ƽ̺ܿģվ˼ϺȾƣÿϲҲ֡
ٵڶȥݷʱ򣬸ԶƽںӣƺСá
٣
ͽܣ켫ƽ̾ôģϯǵһοƽôϲӣԶԡ
΢ЩĵţҪ취Ӻãƽ̽պȵľǲվ͵ÿ޳
¸̣ϯ˸ۣƽ̵Ժš
һ٣ƽϵ£
̾常ҡ
Ĭһ˲Ӧ
˽ȥֻƽͥԺʯԣƱƺѾˣɫƽ˵ô
ǣ常
ٺ޳شһԿ켫ƽüһֻһ˲ɻݣƺ뵽ʲô飬ƽ΢΢䣬ȻƵϼº͵ɡ
£ƽ˹ӵ±жţЩìܺҲطϣҿǻŵв˵λһȥ̽ˣ
ƽֻǲ֪Ϊ͸Źֻζ
ĬĬһۣھĬͻȻ𴽽ǣƽ̣ʦϲ𣬿ϲңǰҺʦֺͺұҲ˵ʲôȻѷ֪ζʲô𣿡
켫ƽ̴º͵ЦⶸȻһһ˲ЩŭŲűھһ㣡
ȴ滺³
̾Ϣ˵ϲŭͨغ㣬ƽ߳ŭˣҲˣ˺֮ȻҪԱȲŻеҸ
л˵
٣Ҳ˴ƽԩֵλá
켫ƽ̣
꼣ǺǣСѣ´βҪټ㡣
٣үү߶ˣ㣿ţ
ʲôʱˡ
٣ϣȥ
ǵӰĸңҸô
ٹһˣ㿴ˣ
٣̣˫
ٹ
##
#ҷԴ#
#Ī#
ϯһʱìܺƽһѯӣС̫ˣҿúúôѹһ¡
Ϊͬ
׵ʦٲãҲûжԲš
ƽ̣
#㶼˼Ůˣ˵仹Ҫţв#


141 İ
˲٣ ٲſʼͬ˵¡
ƽ̽ȥһͥɡ
켫ƽûлӦֻĿ⿴Ȼһ̵ķŭ֮С
Ҳں ֻ΢΢ʼ磬 γȥֽʶһλǿߣвٴǰ Ƕҽã ºʦ Ϊ𺳣 ˵ȥúͬͥƽ˵˵˵һͬˣƽռǵȥһˣ ̬ȿԸһЩ Ӧòõ˰ɣ
켫ƽȻĿ䵭
ٺ⣬˵ⷬȻһЦ׼뿪
ֻ켫ƽ̵Ӿô£
ֻ˵˷Ŀɳ ɾ巢ʲô ƽһŲ֪
ȻϲԼҶڲ첲ˣ ȴҲ²졣
ôȳӵһˣҪʲôֵ񾳵أ˴ֵܹϵĿɳ
ᵽ ٺĬƬ̣ ΢΢̾Ϣ ĵʦ־вֻ û𡣡
˵ôһ򵥵Ļ Ҳԣɫȵ뿪Ӱ͸Щ֮⡣
켫ƽɫס˺һֱ߳ͥԺȻ׷ʣʲô˼
ʲôֻû
ȻûлشҲûͣ½Ųֱ뿪ߡ
ŲỺڷͥϯɫǳĿȴЩȻ
ڿҪҪ˸
ͽ϶Ը˫޵ĸʾʹ˺ܶ࣬ȥһʮɽԴ㣬ҲûôŷҪ˫Ϊˣܾʱֻ˸ֵֺĸо
ϸЩͻȻӽ춯
ɫ΢ָڽӽϣһ˿룬ǸĴѶ졣
ÿٶ֪϶ǽѶϢΪѶû֪
̾Ϣ鿴ѶϢ
ӸѶδ˵ʮɽһ£ֻ˵òһһˣҲں⣬˵һȥһؾ̽ա
ٿѶϢû˵òźϵͳ̾ˣҲѡˣԼѡˡ
Լ¸켫ʲôϾͷٷĿɳ鴫úܴҲܹ³
ҲãҲʡҪΪݶ˼ֱӱչؾͺˣʱӦòע
⣬ټӿЩŲ߻ؾٸ
һգգͽںִϵط档
ӵɫ΢΢Щ֮ǰʱࡣ
ȻЦԼӦòΪؾ֮°ɣ
סƺͣһ˲Ųߣ˿Щ
ͷʦѾֿˣȻˣҲضΪ²ģúúùԼǡ
⻰ǲ֪ǰȻò죬Ϊ֮ǰȰúϧһʱֿ֮ȴͻȻת䡣
ûѯʣֻ΢Цлġ
ûеͷҲûҡͷӲ֪Ǻ뷨
֮־ĬƬ̣ٴεЩʱȥ
ڣȥλƽ̣Ҳȥڸ˹䣬أ˵ϯһȥˣ
š
ͷԼʲôɫ΢ЩĬһϢżڣȥʮɽ˲ٶ
˵Żóණ
úΪЩĳ΢֮⡣
Ȼݣȴ̺˵֮
ΪʹģΪֵֻ޵ķʽ
һۣȴҡҡͷˣϯջ࣬ҵġ
ݶĶͣ˰ա
ãŵ𣬲Ҫ̫ϣϡ
ӽôˣ̲סͬЦЩĲãҪУһǹء
⻰˵࣬Ҳûж棬ȴֱס
ԼĶõĳĬУͻȻ̧ͷ
ƺЩ֪ʲôڣƺǻĻ˵ֻ룬Ҳá

Щˡ
ܻ֮Ӧ˫ѾµΪԼҪȰϰ죬šѡΡӦû뵽ֱӾͬˡ
ı飬Ȼ˵ģǾ˼ǲ˵ڡ
ôֱӷøЩڣ΢΢Ųߣͷɤӣŵǡһط
ȻڣȻûʲôŤ뷨ȻӦˣҲûʲôǾ͡ʼ
룬˫޹صڡ϶˫ϡ
ʲôֻ֮Ϊ˫ΪΪͺһ˵򵥵˯һˣֻ߻仰˵򵥵˯һֻǳֹĹҪܳһʱġ
ⶨȻҸõط
ԭΪƽЩĺʦΪ˾飬ɴ˿ʽ̸£ɫԾֻ࣬ǿ򶨣㡢ȥ
⻰ʵЩ˵ڣ־⻰ҲҪʵ̫֡
ǸЩɢȥѾȫ޵̬£룬Ѱһܱ֮ˣȥ֮ǰǸؾɣֻ֮ؾ㻹ǵ𣿡
ȻǵãһθΪ˾
ҲǴһοʼԵ֡
˵ɫ΢ܿͷã㡣
ֻؾǻ£ҪȥЩ鷳
ﳤϣȻﳤϵҪŸؾ
û崫УҲ벻Ǹؾֻֻ֮ܵ͸ƾ崫кܿصһƬĹȺС
ۼĹ룬ƬһǳȻ峺ףӳλðĹ
ǰ֪õĴв֪ˮԭл֮ЧкôģΪĳءǴȴѽϽһ˶ûʲô¡
ʵΣһӾͿǳء
ȻҲˣƺʲôɫЩ
Цºָӣɣ߲ϴҲ
Ӻһ͡
֪ЩôΪԵΪʵ̫һСȱ֮˵ԡ
ɫս֣ʵӣʲô𣿡
ûС
Ѹٴɿܿսݡ
һ£ôˣ
ЩʲôҲǲ֪ⷴӦҲ̫ЩɣֲǵһεڶˣħһΣǵˣ˵ʵ˸տʼǻЩڣȫûʲôԵ˼Ժǲǿʱȥҽ˫ޡ
һԴϲ
ɿ죬޹İ㣬ǿ侲ͬ˵û£Ǿ͡ɡ
óһЩڵ󷨣һЩ󷨡
һۣĴһۣû˰
˭أ
΢򣬲ŵûʲôֻǡֻϰߡ
Ŷ
˼صͷ£һߵˮߡ
Ӳֻϥôˮǳԭ׼ֱ룬룬Ь̤࣬
ԲγһȦ֣ͬӣѽ
ģǼҪ˫޵ŮӣҪȥһ졣
Ӻ΢٣СߵرߣҲҿҲЬ࣬ˮС
˵ʵˮЩȴȼһŻ
ͷµĳˮؿΣ̧ͷǿԿ
ϢһңŰҽŰԼ
ӻ׼Ǳ߸Ѿ˿ͷΡ
˵̧ͷһۣʵôѣ
ҵջߣֻҵشҡҡѡѡ
æҵֽԼۣɲ֪ǲǶ̫ˣ˺üҲûһͨޱȣͬһ㡣
ǸͷĿЩͣɫҲţ־͸Ƶģһ̾ߵߡ
ɡ
ƽʱҲǸģô·ˣ
ĸ̣ڽɿֲ֪Ķʱץ£û
΢΢üɴһ
ꡯһ䵱۵ζʱ룬ɿ׹˳ˮУһˮ
Щ㶵һϢ̧ͷһۣЩǸ˼̫ˡ
˲ЩֻǺҽӹĿⲻֶ϶ûû¡
㲻ͺá
û˵ʲô˳ְ½ƳӵĸʱĿһ٣ӣͦϸġ
⻰һ˵ƺ㲻ʲôޣѸٵͷһۣԼ½ͳֻŵҡҵġ
Ȼû˵ֽ꣬һ䣺ûϯĺÿ
ٵĸȻ˧ģһֵܷǳ˧ϵĽʦҲܱȣ

ЩûпԭŵͻȻİȥ
ɿס½ŵ֡
л˵
𣺱ûҺÿ㿴ҵġ
ٹҿһ飬
𣺣
#Դʦ#
#һ仰һ˵ʤ#


142 һ
ôҲ뵽 һԿ޾ôı仯
ԭЩ߻ŵӣɫ죬ֻһ˲ ȴƽ ΢ӿ¶Ҳνˡ
ɫ΢ 룬 ԼҲû˵ʲô˵Ļ
˵˾佭ĸûзٵĺÿ ֵ֮仹ƽ
һ ǵ˱ϾҪ˫ˣҲպЩֲһ䣺ʵҲ ֻϯĲһ㡣
Ȼ仰ûаο
İˡ
˼ʽȻ޷ƥ䣬 ؼʱ̣ϵͳӦÿð
𣺡
˶ôġ
ϵͳʲô鰡ģΪһϵͳûһ»ǿԣ øô佭 Ҳܿġ
Ȼȴʮֹؾܾ
㶼˵˱˶ô죬 ҲǣҪҲҡ
뷨Ȼϵͳ컯ףϵͳһ٣ЩԶԡ
 Ż ˹ô˵ģ
룬 ϵͳش Ѿʵ￪ڣӣ £һǾüõġ
һЩֻ֣һ˲Щ
ΪЩҪ˵Щʲô
漰飬ҷɡ
Ȼֻôһ䣬û׼ȥ
ɫһЩûôİˣǿʼɡ

ȻûĽࡣ
ûӦ
ֽһק£Դǡ¶ɫȥС
ôһ˲޾ٶ˵峺ĳˮˮĽ֮ĳ㺡
֮ǰ֮ζǸΣħǴʵҲ㸶հȴȫͬˡ
ûκأǿлǱȣĸԸڴ˳
ЩĹ׻Żƺֱ֫ٺ
ĳһ˲䣬о˵Ȼλ÷תѹ˵¡
ȦȦյ˵мžһж֮£ֻһƬʡ
ֻĳݣȻһ˫ȴʵ˼ݡ
Ӳ֪ǲǱѹֵþˣֻǵһ˳غ˫ޣر𼤶Ȩ
ȻҲ롣
ʲôʱѹ
¡Ҳػֶߣ޸֮ķˣڵԭˬ˫ޱ۵еĴܡ
Ϊûûע⣬Ͽ϶˺ܶ˿ڣǱľǱҧġ
ƣߵ峺ĳˮУˮƵˮ濴񷶥ֻЩۼĵЩŤ
һݴˮиȻˮ顣
ߣԼҲǾƣߣɿЩ
˶ˮͷˮ棬ͷ
ϢãŴˮ˳ڳϴ˸裬´ϣš˰ͷϵˮڼϥĳˮУɫؿźνĽʮɫ
ӣҪ¡
ȴЩҿҲѸ˼˵
ܲܲҪҧҡ
ƿ죬˿Լ󲱾һǳǳġҪۼӡ
ɫһӻ޴ԡԲҲǹġ
֪㲻ǹģҪû֣˿˻˵лġ
ҪӰ
ԼЩΣ΢΢ͷٴεǸҲá
ȻͿһɫӡɼѪ
˳£ӼҲӡһ֣⻹ĳЩɫۼ֤ĳ˫ʱж౩±㿴ˡ
ȡ
ʱЩڵؿŲߣװԼû˰֣û£˵˵ѡ
£תȥưԼĲϣǺۼȻһߴ·һϵͳ
ˣϵͳ
ϵͳһûʲôȤĲ֮£Ի϶Σ¶á
ų֡
˫һξ͹𣿡
ҲϢΪ˫޾ͲóԷˣ
û˵һ䣬ͻȻЩ˵ذ˰Լĸԭҵĸûÿ
ϵͳѹæοûϵģϲʦñϲĶ࣬˵Ǳǿ
˭˵ģľͲϲҡ
Ȼ¶ǸȥĿͼıûʲôϵˡ
ϵͳЩԶԡ
ȴٴ´˫ޣ͵͵תѽĸһ飬ûҺÿˡ
ϵͳ
ûô
֮︹һӣ㻺·ֽ֮ҲѴ롣
ȡְֻͷϣ΢ЦӸоΣ

Ȼûôֱӵ⣬ǲû˵
ڸΪ˵˵ʱ򣬲ܡܺãһȣҾôûôù
𣺡
¶ЩȻ֮ɫż˵Ϊˣо
û˫޵ĸо
ߵô쵽˲ӵ£Ŀ¼ΪŵСо
ˡ
һڿڵ˵һ顣
Ǿͺá
ûôǿҵͷЦһҲףǳԵ㶫
ҲҪģ𿴽ߴģʲôʱҲͦ͵ģһЩԲ
á
ֻǵӦƺ˵ʲô˵á
ͬ⣬ߵӱߣѡһĵطóһЩ¯֮ĶЩ۰Ͱ͵ؿ
ᣬߵߣʼٳЩ
˲¶Цݣ֡
͵Ҫǽʦȷʵͻݣ޶ײ޶
ԼĽӽóһЩʳ⻹֮ǰʮɽġ
ȡһװ⣬ֻȡʱͻȻһ£ͬЩ졣
⿴ۣػشŶϯ￴ɣණ֮ǰƵģҲһһġ
Ŀ΢ͷ֪뵽ʲôûʡ
ûɣӦֻԴˣһ㱻ӸϵһϢ
ԼѸٵؽһֳķݣֲͬĲȣкԡ
һʢһһڣŸ̾ӣá
ȴûкȣֻǾĿ͸֮Уü۴ЩЦ⣬¾õ
ʦҲô˵
ʶ˵ôһ䣬ƺ뵽ʲôѸüЦ⣬︶ʢһ⣬û١
ǸԼ⣬ЦΪӵյȷ˵ݣôóյ治ࡣ
߻϶ЩʳΪҪõͨȷʵ࣬켫ڵӡ
ҲΪҳĸߣĿȾԱѧ˼֡
ӿӣ뵽Լĸף˲١
ԺЦʵһֱƽ̷˺񣬶ǳͻݡ
ǿϧǸеġ
û˵ڡ
΢΢ҡͷδ˵ʲô
˳ЩҪǸڳԡ
극ʰ֮ɾȻȡЩֺһյ衣
ؾûҹ棬Ҳҹ֮Ϣòˣ㿪ڵ
ĩֵһġ
⻰˵ʮ֮С
ɽûиеֻ֣Ǻһ͡
Ѿ׽ΣֽŸҲ޷
ᳵ·ˡ
ȫȫ
ⲻǺ
һƬžУʲôڷӿ
ͽƬؾд˲£Ҳûһֱ˫ޣڼҲ죬Զ̸֤һЩϵ⣬֮˾˫֮󣬵Ҳȷʵ˲Ϊ
һʼֱ࣬ϰ߲٣ٲݣҲһЩȨˡ
ֻȻûµ˵
ʼղһ
ȴûںô࣬ͬ˫޽֮ԥǣߵ뷨
ȥҲûӦֻ˵ԼЩҪ
ǿֻԸ
Ǹص֮ǰ켫ڣȻ󻯳ɷٴӾٸ
֮ͬѯӵ٣֪δ飬ſϧ̾˼
ʦʦǶϯѯӵϢֵ˼Ӹ顣
ƽʱȥͥһˣûͬ˵ֻ˵ͽ֮ĹϵΪע֪ǲǾ䡮ŭֻû𡯵Ӱ졣
ٳһˣһպӲŻصţŵʦӿ鲻ЩЦݡ
û֪ȥ˭һֻǾϯĹĴǰһ䲻̫ǡ˵ǡˡ
˴֮۸ӵĹϵ̾Ϊֹ
֮󣬷صصȥݷãϧȻӾ֮⡣
ŴԣҪϯ׾ˡ

ٳһ̾ԵʲôҲ˵ʦʦǹעĿУͷ죬ΰݷ޹òŲſڣ̾ʦֳţ͸һҲˣٱҡ
Ȼ˵߳켫ڴš
뿪֮ԺŲŻ򿪣վſڣɫЩԣ뿪ķвַŭǺ⣬ֻһԲ²⡣
֮Ĺϵʵ˵
»һʼȷʵǼŭΪƽΪĺԲźԥӦ˫룬¹ȥŷݷùΣɼʦȻʦ֡
ҲԲ𣬵δԲ
ЩţΣʦǲҲһյİõغһ𣬶þʲôβΡ
ʦܶԲֺԵʦܣ
ӣʹ֪Է١
ˣҲ޺ڡ
ЩһŲ֪Ҳûô߰뷨ʲô˲ûκιϵȥĹһˡ
֮ǰӦ£ٹ֮ǰߴȥĹһɣҲ˲ʱ䣬ٲȥֻҪˡ
Էٲ̳š
ڽ˫޶ˣԵҲûʲô˵һٸģǳš
Ӱ첻ǵֵ飡ʦվǻԭġ
˺Щϵɽ󣬷û·ó꼵һ·ڼװϡ
ɽΧϻޣĹӳ׼ֱӳ˷ȥ鷳ôҲĵ̣ĸ۵ģȣϯһ顣
ٶȸϵĹٲ
ٹǿˣ֪ҲǿˣҲǱߣĹֱħ·þͺؼƵġ
ԽħĿбӴŴٹǰ߹ٰͦأֱٹ޵
߽ţµ磬ˣôܶ𣿡
ȥһ̱ڴĲˡ
ٹȻڴߣգٵ۾ӿޱ˫ˡ
ϲõһĵҲܸ֪
ܿɤӣߵǰְŵ£Щ̾ҲģҲ֪ʲôˣδҪͳɽĴڣ˫ʲôĺһҲƥ䣬ʦ˵˵˵Լʵûˣһ룬ôҲʦֵܣһֵܣһ˵ȥ֮Ϊѡ
ٹ࣬˵ŵҸͷΪʲôֻʣһˡ
ٴһ
һˣһͩľһĴ꣬⻰Ȼֱ˵
΢򴽽ǣ̾ͷ̫ˣұģϧʵڲңҪٸҼұ֤һɹ
ٹȻã
ƺ̫䣬¶Цݣʮߵ£е磬Ҿ֪㡭
һҽУٹˡ
ٹĺ󾱴ǿ⣬־ͰڴϣȻһֻֿʼͷ
һһذΣ߰λ򱶻֮Ұͺã£һͺá
ŵ÷סԼԴУͺģҴˣ磬Ҵˣ
ٹȻܶˡ
ٹͣ¶ɿȻƽͷ˭ˣ
ֽŲĴֱ˱ñסԼԴͰ͵ؿߵ꼣ʮɽǸ꼣˵뿴ЦĲҵ¡
ٹüͷЩҹ꼻
Ȼ֪ôһ
ԶԶԣ
ٸæ״ǸһϻˣһͲʲôˣԴǵؾܾǣ㲻֪λ˶ĹŴʮɽӳ㣬㻹ҡ
˵Żòί
ٹƳһۣͻһЩȻ͵ô󹦷ӳ㻹˼˫ޣ
˵˭˽٣ǶȻʶм޹һʱٹ
ίЩίȻ˵ٵĻֻһ롣
ٹһżһҹ꼻û鷳һңźһ֮ҲҪźá
ԣû
磬ҾˣȻ㣬һҪɫƣ㲻֪ĥҺþãҪܿܺͽ˫ء
⻰ǲ١
Ҫ£ͽ˫޲֪õȵȥ
ٹ΢䣬ֿܿһۣЬϴҪ˵Σ
л˵
٣ʲôҵĻ㾹Ȼһ룬Һøж
ٹ


143 
ͬ顢Ÿ״ķɫڨڨ 䵭ĿߣؾصЬڴߣϵĻҳĸɾ Źڴߣ Ȼڳɫݡ
е磬ڿԶˣ ǲָֻ˲٣Ǹһֱ Ķ𣿡
ٹȻҹ꼻ϲ Ȼɵ ô˵Щͣô޲ھɱȥʮɽ
ûУָ췢ģҵǵѡ
ٹջЩİߣ ɫӱʮ겻 Сһ㻹۵úܡ
ǣ㣬ҵȻۡ
Ȿһ乧ά֪Ķû˵ã ٹü΢壬 ͻȻֶ﻽ҡ֡ ھ㡣
٣
ôб֢أ
ģ仰ǹάһ˵˼ûУ ˵仰ʱû֡
ϯɷֱ Ҳԩ˰ɣ
ѵûô
ǵȻǻ һȷʵû˼
ٷ·ܴ裬 ־ǰ ǣô㣬һûоûУңҷٳôûôٹҪ
ð
ٹʮϤ̬ⷬ˵·ӶһҲ˵ڶ䣬ٹȥ
𡣡
û뵽ھȻȻͱ仵̾˿ַСҲãй
⸱ü˳۵Ӳ֪ĻΪ˶ί
Ҳپ£ֻȻָ۷ʱڻвʱ䣬ܲٿһЩ򵥵ľٶԡ
û˵꣬ٱ㶸Ȼ˷ܽ˵԰Ҵˣۣ磬ãҺð㣬Ȼ˲С˹

ٹİá
Ⱦż⣬˴úôû뷨ǰɣ
⻰ʵʮԡ
Żϵ˷֮ɫӦƲƲ죬ίίؿڣʲô뷨ħħ֮ϹǿߣֻһƽƽСʿѣѵһܰѵɣ
⵹Ҳʵ
Ȼٹġ
˵֪ǸʲôӣԵ˵ٶҲûã΢̾ʶҲ㲻öݣ˴֮Ҳ֪ЩϵףѵЩ״ֺôûбͬ˵ģ
⻰Щ֣ٲ֪ʲô˼Ŀ΢һ˲˵˵һҳ
ϯϹǿߵϲøеΪ֣ǿҲûʲôͷ뷨ֻ룬ŵҲûʲôҳûҪҸ˵˵뿪֮λ÷ˮ˾Ȼһƽ̼̳ˣ
ٹ
˻̫ı飬ٱյԵûʲô˵ˣѵҺͽ˫޵Ĺ£
Ҳǲ˵ϻȻƢˣϾǸϴС
Ȼٹһ˫ޡ⼸üͷ𣬶ʦֲһ򽫷ΪԼֵܣֽͷΪһԡάΪͻȻֿ˫ˣǿ
ʵѰٹǸ֪ģҪһʱȽϳΪֳһЩߣſٲǰͬ˫޹
Ƿ⻰Щѣǿ˵Ҫ֤ݵĺòãʲôˣõǿֻҪ룬˲ҵǧǧ˫޵£еŮĶУŲţ
⻰ٹȻţϾ֪СһǸʲôմǲݵӡ
ͳЩ㽫ݸ֪ʦ֣
ǵҲûС
˵£Ҳģɿ죺֮ǰ˵йأ⻰Ҳƭ㣬ȷʵйءʮɽһط£ռңұȥģ꼷Ǳȥռңҵûи𣬺Ӧ֪ˣǸ֮ˣΪѣܲ˷ǸˣǾͺҾˡ
ĻٹֱӰ˵ˡ
Ȼ˳Ըݺ˫ޣ
ӣҪǶΪкôٹǺôġ
Ƿ⻰Щ˼ͷǺЦ治ܹңҾʦҲͦĵģҪǸ꼣ö˶˵ƻʦֵܵĸ飬ϼˣƽûоǧ֮⡣
ȻӰԺ̳켫ڣ
⻰˵Щ꣬ȴûʲô֮УٹĿ˼֣ûʲô֣˷һֵۣҹ꼻ʮɽδӦ֪ɣ
ǰɣ磬ȥ鷳
ټæȰҲǿ㣬ûָأ㲻ǰ˵ӱʮ겻𣿡
Ǻٹ׽ЩȻЩƺ⣬ٹˣá
㷽Ųǻȥ鷳
ڨڨһЦ˵˵ѣôҲ棿
ûô޴
ٹһ䣬ŵСһ޽ɣһ¡
ҲҷֻԵͷԵɫЩѡ
ɨһۣ˫޹ǣôƫҪ֮ħֲûС
֪ٵͷɫ棺ħǿȻѷɫ壬ʦֻ֮
û˵꣬ٹͻȻЩŭʦ֣ûԵϰ֮𣿡
٣
ö˶˵ˡ
ֱĪ֪ٹʲô
ľٹԸΪһǡ
ɵ˼ǿƣȻЩ΢ʣȴҲֻСǲȻ˭
У
⻰ͻȻɫһѰȥȴֻٹĿбӣȻ򶨣û˿ƺ仰ǳڡ
ٲɶһŻعЩãȻ㣿
˵գæҡͷвС
ΪβУ
ٹ߿Ȼ򶨴ݡİ⡣
ٱʶǿܶ˵䲻ģǰ̱ˣ˵˫ޣͲˡ

ٹԵʾӿͷŭ⡣
ȴûע⵽Ȼĳ˵ţ֪㵥ãЩοҲģǻָΪҪ治˵񣬵Ϊָˣӳ˯гҪʲôŮûУαؼһʱڰģһ˫һ壬;ʬǿɾͺÿˡ
˵ţ˵˺һŷٹĬƺѾʧȥ
̧ͷȥֻһ˫䡢䡢İ
ٹʧɫϸϸϸҧһһ˵㡢ܡá
֣˵ǧɱ֮С
ɫһ֪Ϊˣѿ˫֡
ٹֱסĲӣǴӺＷ
ھ㣬һ˰ˣ
٣
ȿȿȡ
ϯ¶֣ʱֻһ뷨
ٹĹѷˣ˵Ȼ
л˵
٣䵥꾹ȻУ˵Ҫ߳ŭҽɥڴˣ
ٹ̱ǰɣʬǰɣǰɣھ쵰
#һ仰Ϊʮϸ#


144 Ӣ
ģ Ҳˣѷٰڴ˺üϢɿ
ϯһͷȻûˣ ɱлǸоһ˵Թ
ģ Ҳٹǰ˵ʲô²¡˫޲˫޵ˣҲҫԼܻӭ жʦðĽˣ ̫ˣ ٹǱӡ̫ã ڸջָһҸ˫ޡ
һߴǣñӰԼʵʵֻ¶һ˫棬 ˷·ؽ˿ĺݡ
ٹĻŵĿþã ŻɫԻǳ
ٲڱͷҡ÷·˹һ㡣
ҲգȻ 
Σ βЩ
Ȼҡͷ ˵ʲôҲԸ
ٹŲߣٹȥһ켫ڡ
䣬 ϯѾ˲ӱ˳ ؾصߡ
Щвҡ
ûв㡣
ٹ¶һ˿ûʲôЦ ģ ЩСв㣬 ȻҲĿɳҲΪ㱣ȫˣ˵𣿸

ٴԸ̡
ɶǿߣ
ϵͳ͵ˮ顯˵ȫûá
뵽⣬ϯԺϵͳûá
ϵͳ
Ҫõ㣬Ǻڴˣ㿴ϯѰٷ֮ʮŶٷ֮һ㻹ôҪãһ˾ܳΪ졣
ϵͳ
ϵͳԶԡ
ڷҲֻǱԹһ£ûҪش
ͷٹߣǻ﷢һ̾Ϣžͺɥӡ
ٹ˿Ц½ӲҲ١
Ҳֻ˵
ǡϯֹ
˵ʲô
ʲôû˵
̷ģ˵˴Լˡ
άҲûá
ٹȻú壬ٵĿ佱ûκλӰ죬ֻµ㴥ŭҪͷ㡣

ϯû뵽˵һЩ죺òҰɣ
ɱ㻹õŶ֣
֮Աǣ֮ǰ˵°ܽǶ仨ָʹƱ
ǰ״ʱȷʵ˵˵λָʹħٹϻˡ
ʵڲ֪ٹʲô˼
ףѴЩ⿪ڣԱ֮ƻ֮ҲΪ㣬¶һ飬ҾԭðҵĶȻǰ㣬Σ
Ա֮ƻ֮
һʱЩ⣬˵Ҳȥϻˣ
ʵûٹ˼
λǿ֮ǰһֱҷԴͻȻ˵ĻǺ֮ǰìܣ£ôŵΪʱٹܶأҲһ˵ûܲɣ˹¹һˡ
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Ͼٹ˽ⲻǳ֪ʱϲǿߵĻƤ
뵽ɫɽЩ
ٹΪѵ˵Ĳ̫ȥʮɽˣ磬Ͳܻһ£ұ֤׵ġ
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ܲ׿ڸİɣλҲûôɧ
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ٺһֻͣͣôʮ֮һϢܡ
ٹһץסֱۣԭء
ı鲢Եȴ˵Σ֮⡣
ųƷ·һŶӰѷٶ˴ߡ
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¶֮ɫֻһ˲ʵҡƭġ
Ŷβ΢Ҳƭҵİգ
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̾Ҫ췢ģɻû˵еƭңһ޷Ƕɽ۷塣

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ٵԵ˺һҲ˵ˡ
¹һν޷Ƕ۷壬ֱ񶾵ˡ
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ٹȴһͻȻһſֱۣЩƵҾ֪ڲƭСһʶôãǸʲôһ
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ǸʱõĽָүүȻ
ƹˤٹû־˵ЩƣҲ˼ˣֱӱʣʲô
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Ϊ㽨һħ尲֮ɽ磿
Щ죺ҿɲħ壬Ͳұʹ
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ٹҲ˵ֻɫƾɺħ壬ֻħȲõԻ֮ͣԼŰ졣
ⷽɫӡЩס
ٴѯʣΪʲôң´ȥ𣿡
Ȼ࣬ɲǻٹôЩɣ
ִħӡȻкôģܾЩ̤ʵЩôãȴʲôôãҪĴۣٹϹǿֻ߽ûӻúܲҡ
ֻǱ֮ôǰħ˵˵ֻǱˣִӡ֤в֮ģϹʱڹ򷱶࣬ȻӣҪǵ뷨
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پŴӡɫһʲô
ٹԭ£ûпֻ֮ںδӦòΪ·ˡ
٣
ϯʱ޿޲ĸоȻ
˵ٹʲôʱôˣԭҪѧĴС
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ڷһ޿У֮ΪĿֻ֣֪ٹĴжôӴ
񰵵޹⣬͸ѧϰʹͱˣְöժüһһ鿴
ǰöãֱöˡ
ſһͻȻȡʮ˫֮
ϯ֮ԱǣħһϴУ֮л˫֮ƭ˭أ
˵ôô֡
ħ⣬ħĹôȡСˡ
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Ҳѧˣ
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֮ȴЦħΪһǿСѧ֮ɷĴ˵ز飬˽аأ׺ɣЩӦҲвٴ
ٽŲס
ɫããת
ѧѧ
˫֮ϾֻǹѣͬҲǿȽ˫һԵҲͰˣϣٹǵ궼ûŵϹ¹ҲŪı
ֻ͵ʴ׵ķݣ
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л˵
٣֮꣬ûС棬ҿһǰɣͿ͸ˣҸ㣬ҩ裬İô£㿴ңҾͺܰɫ
ٹ
#ϯɫԼ˧ֻΪ#


145 ӡ
֮ǰ ֪ٹôŵĿģͰ࣬Ҫѧ˫֮ ҲԵúš
ϯһΣ һ߲鿴һߺʹ֮Ц⹦ٹĸ߸ĵģ㿴ʶڡһ ȻǷֿ޵ģ Цһû˫޹дĹ Ҳ˼ŽħҶˡ
֮ȻʲôȻ壬 ȴҲǺǻۺ͸飬ô˵Ӱ΢ЦȾЩΣ ֲ֪Ҫ˵ʲôõĸо Ҳֻأ˼롢п֮У¼ЩС
ףԼû޹ǰɡ
ȡЦڸˡ
 Ϲǿߡ
֮飺
Ȼ壬 һ뵽ħӡҪôһλƿأ ˵ʹȻ
ħôλСģ
֮еʹʱȴܿ֡
Ǵ̺ô޶ë뷨ǿѧһ£ƿӡ ԽԽģ ֱһڿ
ٹĺ ֮ħ졷ءǷټţƵĹ û֮һ Ǳ˫޹Ц
ЩûȻô츳Ҳ޷⡣
ٹţⱾȴд÷ǳֻ֣йͨģԼҲ֪˫޹ĳЩٶͲдǺֺ壬ǰԼľ죬й˫޾顢޵Ļġġǻ¡ķٸе޷ֱӡ
Ȼûû˫޾˲дó
˺һӣЦô֮鶼Щסˣͣ˳Ц֮ѡˡǿһ飬ѧˡ
ȻſʼѧϰҲٹĴй
ڷ˵ϰĹҪⲻѧᣬʹ乲档
ϰ幦ֻһġǻ¡ⱾһЩΪ˫޹ǼųĴڣƫƫⱾģһרŴӡħĹ
޵ķϵ޵Ļõٴ˿Ѿϰ˷ǳ෱ӵĹѧٹĴУܻ
һǻ¡ĴлݣȻ췴ܵµĽѣ޷棬пܣ׷ǻ¡ϳһй켣
ڶٹĹǿޱȣֱӽѹռеҪλãһϵ߳ױħޡ
˵ħޣϵС
콾äĿֻĹѡѡԼģ˵δرʵķӳǿҲ֮ǰһֱѧеԭ
ÿ˶ԼóԣʱʮȷʺϵľǷϵط
ν⣬Ƿٴ˿Ҫ¡
˺üַʽûгɹٹĴ̫Եǡǻ¡ݡ
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ٳ̾˿ԱߵĴ֮ο޷СͨҲҪϰõġ
ʱٽ봫֮ʵѾüˣֻһ󲿷ʱЦǱ˫֮
ٵƳһۣЩҶЩ򣬵Ȼˡ
Ȼëû޶ȥһЩʱ䣿
Ϣһٴγо
뵽ǰһͼΪ̫
˸գΪʵʺڵ
ǿĹٺõվҪΪòǺãٿأǰʯͷԼĽˡ
ٰԼ˼·˼ΣϳԣԵھŴʱڵĹһʱƽ⡣
ΪףħΪڣϵϵΪתŦ֮ܣЩһγһת̫ͼ
ϢԴĵħ֮ų⡣
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һʼٹĴУΪķϵִб˴˲ݣַγƽ⣬ȴҪħ
ٹĹޣάƽ⣬ǿЩҪ崫֮άϵħ幦̫ǿö̫ͼͻѷֽ⡣
ڽһ⣬ٴӱչص̬ۣ
֮ЩŶСѳɹˣ
š
ٵͷöӡݲȵɣҪȳȥط֮ģ´лѧ
֮ʱЩЦã֪ĻΪħĴʲôĶı
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֮΢΢̾ϢͷãС´
ٱҡ߳˴֮ء
ص·ſڣվٹԶĵطöѾСһЩĺɫӡ¶һִϰ忴µЦ⣺ԺͬˣҪչҰ
һμʱλ󽫶
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ԭƵıһϡ
ʣ˵ʲô
ϯǳͬ˵
磬˵ģ㻹ѡǻ¡һģ뿴׫дһȰڻûָǰ֮»ںΪԵľͲҪˣЩлŮ֮£ʲôʱαطҪȥ룿ϾҲһҵΪⴿΪ֣ûҪûҪ
ٹϤ֮𽥸֣ЩѹƺʲôǿƽѧҵĴ֮ƷζôЩ
ȴϣ˵ĿɶǷθ֮ԣϾһмֻ꣬ҷģҪǻҲú˵ЩԲ棬
Թ֤ȷ˵
ٹˡ
ôЩȥپƷζŮô˼Ҫ˿ڣٹֱӾͽ˴ˡ
ŷ϶е⣬΢΢˱ۣƯĴ򣬰ŵȥ

ٶ࿴һۣ̲סھ㡣
ϯȻһȻ֪ôˣǳһ仰û£̴ܳٹ޵
ֱ뿪޵ϣٲЩĪôˣ
ѷ˰ɣ粻ġ
˼ϯҲû⣬ֻܹٹ̫õµԸ⡣
ܿͰ¶׵Ժɤӣ̧ͷͦأȻǷӡͬһ㣬˳ȥ
ٴ·ٹʱϯһʮֵĿ⣬ȻԽ⡣
ħȷʵвǿߡ
ϴλȥʱûᣬֻٹӢٹûڣβһˡ
ӡһ·ߵħ롣
ҵߵһ̨ף̨壬ɤӣһܣӽӡΪţҳأħ岻֮ҵ
󲿷Ŀ֮󣬷ٲŵЦշ죬һ֡ӽտʼҽ齨һ֧ԶַħʮͳԶҪΪʮ֮һǿ߿ﱨˣձ
ܣħĿ¶쿴ĿУǼžԡ
л˵
٣ˣ˭ôǮȨԸͲɣҶۣܵˡ
ٹ
#һ仰Ϊʮϸ#


146 ҵ
岻һ ħ岢ûгַӵΣҲҶȽ侲ٹӡ ЩҲֻǾţ Ŀӣȴǰ
ԤϹΣ Ҳûлţ Ȼ򶨵ؿڣһΪٹ ⣬ ؽħλкʵĽ飬˿̱ͬ˵
԰գ ӡգ ӡһСɽû޴ӰӳƬա
Ȼٰ˸ڸ̨ϣȡһ˹صǰһһ˵
κʮɽﲻһ
ʮɽ꼵ĻƤ޶ë Ӷ࣬ ٹԼµ ࡣ
ôôӡ Ӧٹ¶Ҫġ
˵Ц˵Ц Ҳһݽڣ ȷʵٹĿǰҵʵѡ ׽ ͻħǿǿȴ˵һ޶ȻҪ
ú
ʵֵͦģϺôдۣҪõҪûʲôԵ޹ʵİ
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һħ忴Щ죬˷һλӡ
ٲħ֮ˣҲٹĶӣһƺ
ҲһˣȻλǰӢλѵĳ
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ħһĿ˼֣СҲʶǣ
󲿷ħ岻֪ٺ͸һˣϴͬٹӢٹһ뿪Ǹ
ϯЦѣ˵ʲôʶʶģǰҪѡʮ֮һ𣿡
˵Цˣ΢ĩΪܵʮ֮һ
ħǰ΢΢ЦЦҼȻʮ֮һӿ²֪ߣڳ˯ûҪѡʮҪЩǰУǰǳ˯Ϊ˵ȴѡ
Ϊʲôڳħ岻̫Բ⽫ѡΣԼħһЩ
ħ岻ͬΪɢЩȻҲ꼵ɲԾӣиԵأħȴʮɭϣٹЩ󽫶ħԾӣҲ֮䲻ͬĵط
ٵ˵ͷҲգûҪЩǰЦݳƵѺã޷ЩǰǱҲУԶһħĻҵҲ֪֮⡣
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ħǰЦһ־ΪǹҪЩ˯ǰҲ˻ѣӷģҵȽԹԣⱾǸġ
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ҲɫЩ˯ǰҲ˵֪ôƺ
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ٹȻЧһ£ܿ쿴ӳµӡͶӰɫһ࣬񣺡Եȡ
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Ȼȷ˽ħ֮ڵĹء
Ҳ׼̳㳡ȥӦħԭĻ֮
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ʱ֮󣬷ٸϵ̳㳡ѻѻһƬˣȥԹƵһǧˡ
࣬ٹǸ壬Զֻˣɼħս˶ˣħ弴㻹˴Ҳʮֵˡ
ȻϹʱڣħǰС塣
¿һٰΪܸߵĺΪһЩȡٸˣֽ˷ʮԶСӣٹܹܡ
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ڷٵڶ׼
һδô˺ƺƵĹУֱǹ⻷ֵĸо
λٹǰߣʵӣȥ켫𣿡
Ƕ֪켫ڵļ̳ˡ
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⻰ٹɫ㶵øˣڷΪҪ໨Щ˵ʱȴɫȻͻȻɫ˵ǣˡӴУħ棬ħϹʱֻҪĪҲӣһΪҿŷϹӵݡ

ٴ΢һ£Ե͵һ˿ѪˣҲô󡭡
磬㻹ϹʱأѪ嶼ˡ
ٹȴȻҡͷӣ̫ǳʹ˿ħ壬ΪħٹϹʱǾɵġ
˵ŻһȥѰһλħǿߣִӡУҪһܣǼ£ֻѪ㣬Ҳ壬ʲôõĽ𣿡
ѯʵλħ忴ɫ䣬ٱΪǸԸ䵭ˣȴſȻû壬ԵҲһҼǵлд˼壬ãûĹȥץҲδɡ
ٴ̲סֶһ¡
ٹ껹ֻҪץֻ壬λ˼أȥץôҪˣƴҲҪŪ
ҪλħǰĻõλǿߵͬ
ٹһҡͷףţǵ֮㡣
ȻˣûУҲ޷ʲôħϣ
λħǿͻȻ£ų⣬أ
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Цԣں˲Ϣǧڿգɷҡǧ˵Ϊգ

Ҳ̲סæǲǴ˵
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ħǰȻᣬ֪ҲеģӦ֪ʮɽޱ߼ʣΪأֻʮɽȴҲûоͷɳʮɽ仹һɳûоͷĵط
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طٻϤ֮ǰؾɽ
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ȷٿڣֵһ壬ͨĳ䲻һ壬Ҽǵʮɽͷһ֮أһ߳ʮǣڳһܣú䣬ֻطصأҪ棬ͬǡҹ꼻Խ档
ô˵Ҳˣȷʵһ֮أǣ֮ǰȻҪյͰˣбҪ󿪵̿ռ󷨣Ա˲УβԷװΣ֮ıУгܵҪԹͣЪȾ
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һõóֵĳܣƽʱȥװװƾˣ˵⳵켫Ҳ
Ĭ˺һ˿΢ЦǣλǰȻòģԷΪһܳ²֪²ãҿȴһͨģҲԡ
У
֮ǰħǰü۵ӣִӡΪڣ֮٣˷ܣ⳵ȻԴ죬ȴҲǺ޿ܣҿԶ֮б¿ʼҵ̻ȥ֡
֮
ؼ˵֮вͬΨٹԥһ£ſ٣㿴
üۼҲЩ춯
ڿʼоٹļ֮ˡ
ִӡΪ޷ѹƣοЩǰ۵Ǹ򳵼ܣҲÿڳ
ͣ٣ٵ֪λǰ֮Ըȷʵ̫ѣݻΣ
Ӻξ壿
˵˵ȻЧͣӲ֪ħϹʱںεȻԻͣƳٴγضҪ˼ηηǰٹ⣬Щֻ»ģ˯֮ʱҵȸӦûħϡ
֪Ϊɶٹѳһͺ÷ˮȻͬھ
ţҴĵѱħȫġ
ȻԼ򳵼ֻ˻᲻Ը
˼ұػ
̾˿ƽǾ˰ɡ
ǧҪɲ£ûߥޣȰ䣬ЩħǰԼģûȨı˽
ĬĬţ̾ϢȻҲ¶Цؼǵۣ¸߰յǺ֮Ǻڳ̿ռ󷨿ЩѰɣ
ӵʱ֪ˣȷʵЩѣȱ䲻٣ЩֻµԳֲźá
ٹЦ˵һ䣬Ȼһ˵Ķ߳ħʮ֮һ·ַ̣ǳȻصתȥΪЩǰУҪ֣֮صٹȥ棬ȥɽûѲټٹȱпҵ
֮Ǿǳãħɣǰ첻
ʱʱٹм˷٣ͬʱʮλħǿߡ
ϯ¶һɬЦݣº͵磬м£Ҫæ
ٹδֻЩ
ۼֿ죬ƺҪ뿪ӣæסλǿߵڣȻ˵ǰ˵
ٹ깧ϸؽ֮ǰĴ쳵ܹͬٹ˵һ飬˵ûɫǳ

λŴ󽫴ûʲô̫ʮԵضһ£ŵͳǡв
ٱ͹ˣЩ˲ƺ⣬ô׵ķʽڣȻҪħ˯
񻹲ң
Ա߷ȴϲЦգҲ˵ֻóõЦĩ˻Щ磬ȥ˵һ£̫üǰǵĺ⣬ҾҲУҪǳˣҲ治ǣ
ٹޱض
л˵
٣Ŀϣ磬㿴ˣߥңûϵġ
ҽ쿴һͦС̸⣬ŵֻȥģûɶû˫ǣҲһᱻõģе г⣬֣綼У
ϷݣʵģŮ٣ײϽ˵жж֮ɣⱾҵߡ
#ħ壺쳵רҵ#


147 
ŴȻȥ棬 һ˶ﳳµʮֲͳٹټֻٻ˷һ˽ȥ Ȼڳһ˵Ⱥ
Ƿʱһ죬 ּˡװ硣
ٹɫ䵭ʮ˽ ھ͵Ūʲô۶ӣ
ԩ硣
ߵ£ ְ£ ίұ ħǿ߳Ѱһذû Ժ˿ֱȥ Ҳ㹼ίУ˾̫ûˣҪȴһܡ
֮ǰ˵ϸһٹرǺƣŵ㿴 ⶨȻƭɣ ЩҪǲ˵ һĩʱСɲ֪ǲ뿪ҪȰһˣ˵±忴ᣬ ʵûŴظģ ˵ôѽ
Ȼ˵ ҲЩ̾ εĿ ٹȻ˷ܺ졣
Ǽλħǿ߼ֱѡ֮ѣû˯ͷ
˰˰üģƽڣȻˣ㻻
磡
ֱӴߣЩͰ͵ºǵģǵһ쵱ء
ٹ
һͻһЦ͵˼ҵȥ֮صڳȥɽ׽ٰ̺ã˾Ͳˣ
˵ģ޹ء
ϯ⣺ҿΪ˰ħ壬һ⹦ʲô磬㿴ѧ˹ҪŸˣҪΪ㰲ģô׶Ϊ˭Ϊ㣿Ҫй֮꣬Ҳùء
һCPU˵ȥ֮˶Ϊٹãɫң˵òԼˡ
ٹЩֲ粵ĬƬ̣Щ˶֪һ֪ߥ㣬ҴͽٹǶѹĹȥѹ֪ҽˡ
Ծ磬ûģǶΪħð
֮һ޲лȴ־ڣԸΪ㻨ѹǹ񣬷ڳôףϹʱôû˴ע⣿ֵõĩʱã
ٵĿ⿴ͬ꼹ϵҲǲǻ˼ΪҲԸΪ㸶Ҳһء
⻰˵ٴ죬Ȼ˽ⲻ١
ɫ΢΢Ǻ죬ô͵˵أϰһҲãҲҪĴͷˡ
û͵ǿûпˣ˭ĳʱＤңʵΪ
ٹҲûڲȷʵǿһǰ㣬Էٵ˽⣬׾ܴһǰв³Сһﵽʲô޷ǳƤ޶ëˡ
ϯ΢΢ŴɫȻһԲȻйڻ
˼ӱЩͷ۵ˣֲǲ֪Ǹʲôˣ˱ˣҲǵһˣû㣬ڳôģ·һ㡣
ǵһξ£ڷʱСһ켫ƽΪüΣֻҪ壬ٹںܶ෽滹ǱȽϿݵġ
˵⻰ɫڻһЩС죺
֮㲻ҪˣǱ٣Ƕ仨ܰѹ־룬Ҳȵ˵;أǰǳ첻ˡ
ɫȻֳٹ룬Щٹȥɽץ΢΢̾Ϣ㲻Ҫ꣬亱ˣٹδܵеùҵ˵
Щʲôռ󷨡·ơ֮Щٹ˵ЩܣĿڻһ£Щ˯ħѰ
õġ
ٵһһ˵꣬־׽ؿ磬á
𣿡ٹЦЦȴЩҶãҲ㱨ҡ
ҵɽ綥壬Ƕı𣡡
ϯһ仰УȻ̴Ӵӵ˯ҲˣھȥЩǰģһħ巢ϹʱڵĻԻͣؾɡ
ٹ˵Щʲôһܳ޵ģʧķ򣬰쳤̾˿
뿪޵صߵķͬ˵ϢͬˣٹǰȥɽѰ˯ǰȥѰԵĶ֮صʱ޷ѹڹؼʱ̣Ųֻİ취
á
ٹ¶ϲɫͬλЦֻǿϧ֪ʲô𣿡
У˵ˣλҹ꼻֣ܳҲɡ
ҹ꼻
̾˿ֻǲˣǻѰɡ
Ҳһ
ټɫߣЦŰοʵλǰҲй֮Եǿʶô֪ķȥһʮɽҲɡ
Ŷӻȼ˿ٵĿ˼֡
û˵䣬Ǳ㶼ͬȥʮɽ
ܾЩħǱ̫ˣһħعϣ쳵££Ҳȫ
е¿ףʵһнмѭ
һ֮󣬷תٹ
¶Ͱ׵ЦݣλŴ󽫿Щ΢ȰǻЩ˯ǰǽ֮֮ȥɽɡ
ٹüɫ΢壬Ϊţ뿪
֪ٵͷ⣬˵֮˵ûãȥ˵ɡ

ٹȻΪȥΥħ֮ȥ⡣
Ĭ죬λϹǿ֮ת뿪
ߣٹȥЩˣҲãҵȻ֪οڡ
ϯЩֵؿһۣ룬ѯǰܿĵӡ
ΪħϣⷴӦҲ̫˰ɣ
Ȼٹȴº͵ӣһʱһʱŪҿóǳ谮˵ѣûиϹʱڵĻԻ֮ʱٴγҪһ棬²֪ٹϣ֮Ҳ֧ûʸ׷׷湫ӡ
仰˵÷٣һˡ
Щ˱죬вơ
֪ǾȻѾʼˡ
ӱ濴ȷʵٹеļ̳ˣֻ˭Ҳ֪ٹֻǽ׺͵ĹϵԶԶʲô̳ˣٹĹ
ϯɫҲû˵ʲôֻͣлλǰУˣԵΪ
ӿˡ
˻һٹ˻
Ȼޱ飬ֻ׸һöһ㴫Ѷ
ɽô󣬲˵ҾҵģΥ̱׼뿪Ĺȥɽ
ټ˽ӹЦл磬ģʱȥɽɡ
ٹüٴһ£䵭ڣЩ֮ӣˡ
ȥ
Ƿٵһο߳
֮󣬷Ҳ飬ԼٴδĹεĿʮɽ
Ϊʱ򲻳ˣٹ꼸һ£ǴħĿиһΪڶɽ͵ץ˼ֻʱݳһźƺƵʮɽȥ
Ĺʮɽвٵľ룬·šǳء򼯡
δħΪпɣһ·ϽԸնУȻ࣬Ҳ٣һ˼һͬһ޴Ƹͷ;޼ɻ䣬ֱӴ˼һڴϷӶвź߸֪ǿϢ˼ƽ̡
켫ƽӵλƽ̷ĴѶǲħѾΪ˿켫ڵķһ𽳵ϣ̬šſħ壬мˣǴĹХһ·ҡϣŷɥ֮ơ
켫ƽ̣
պ˶µ
ħô֪зС˼ħ壿
ƽ̸ٷ˴Ѷ׷ʲô
ϯ˺һŻش
ڴѶ˵ԼѾ̳ħ̫֮λھʹȥʮɽ˳ƽȥ˵һ䣬ǰѲϴɾ

켫ƽܾԼ׹Уֻǲ֪λǷǻ˶Ρ
ڷں֮˴ѶŶǸߵȼߣһ·ֱײûʱ͵ʮɽ
Ҳûȥ뷨ȻնУŵʮɽΧɢӣֱǧǸ꼵Ĵǰ
ϴ޶ôëȻһȥôִȥߴȥҲ򲻹ǿߡ
˼һ£ϯȡֽʳһʮֳϿе̬д˷ţȰŴȥǱ˷Ӧ
ôдġ

ϴ뿪˼ѣ֮ǰȡḸ˼ҲѵТ˳֮ģشħԶԶϣΪḸЧֻлһԿڣ뵱꼸˵вТ֮¡
ٳֿϡ
л˵
٣һΪΪ˵Ҫǡ
꼣
#½е#
ٵĵƽ̡
ĵ꼡


148 ñ
һֿšĳ ˰ʱٲյ꼵Ļš
һֻֽдһ仰
ðΪú㡣
٣
⻰ŲԾ ַɱ
ѩֽ һ˲ЩסЩòȥһˡ
Աߵٹ״λһ𡣡
ҲֻСĽ飬 ΪڳֻзϤЩ Ƕλ꼻졣
ԷȻȲٹħ ҲһλϹʱǿߣ ײҵ
ϸϸ˼һҡͷȥ ò ԷϾʮɽ֮ðǰ˾ɣǼλһȥͿˡ
Ŵ Ӧû̫ 򲻿ܻ٩ۣ ȻˣôҲڶɱˣֻҪɱˣ ˵
ôһ룬 ٱ㶨¾ģ ߵС
ٹ꼸˶һۣ û ҲߵУֻһλϵǿͳµħ塣
âǰһӦһžִ͵ѣɢȻ㿴۵䡣
ⳡϤЩҲϤ
ٹ꼸λħַʱȴΧι״ĲľЦŴкӻˣŹӳû뵽ôͻˡ
ӳԸӡ
дһֻӣʲôϡĶֻͨ
Ҳӹҧ˿ڣ߽ߵû취Ḹˣֻⲻ˼λḸ
꼴˶Թǳ谮
ϴ˵£ʲôʱ
㼱ʲôжۡ
ӣҶٿ꼴Щ֪ӿɷи㣿ǱضùӳԿ
Ҳ˼͹˵
ǡӣʮλǷȡ
ٻܣЦŰ˰֣ʾҰͰöãҲؼһеҼḸ֮˵
ΧĴȴǶ˵ˣżǰ
ЩȻٹħЩ졣
ٹ͵͵ͬٴӣ⡮ҹ꼻ǡ
дǷûֻ֪ʶȴ֪ôΣЩ˵ƺҹ꼻Ϊٹļ̳
ִӡ˵̳ħĹС
ǰһĻʵŪǲס
ȴûֻ̫˽ͬ˵ޣ˵⣬ϵݶѣݶҲð£ʲô£Ҳ֪ģطϣ˵ͺˡ
ٹ꼸ЩһٹҲְ֪˼֣ܲڲƭǡ
Ǽ˳ĬظŷٴĴ꼵ǰ
ȻϤĵطϤľɫϵϸֳһĬĬ⼸λ֮͡
ƿ˳վ׳֦ѾϾӸµؿЩЦЦ֮⡣
΢ҵġôһΪҲһˣû뵽ĵӱĴˡ
޶ëķ䡣
ջЩߣһžͷ˲ԣзĺۼˣ¹ŵͨﶼ޶һ룬ë
ҹȻһȻǷôġ
ôСߣƽһμ
񻹸һ
ЩεЦЦߵôæ
˵ʵҲû뵽ôҪٴμ棬֪ˣͲ꼵¹ˣҲûʲôöЩֵǮ
ϯи̣ȴȻɫֻЦ
΢΢̧ɨˣĿеѹٹ꼸ħ岻Ծͷ
Цǻħ壿ôٹˣָˣ
˵ģҲȥħ˸ת׼ݷġ
ٺ䣬ɤӣ֪֮̽ء𣿡
º΢ܿЩЦ⡣
Ҿ˵Сôֵԭ֮ⲻھƣҲǣûкô£һ㶼մߡ
Ȼٹ˽Ȼϴһϵ飬ԷҲ˽⣬һڣ꼾֪Ϊʲô
ûָӦǷǳֱӵ˵˾䣺ΰޣ֮ص־ֻѹƵˣٶĿǰǣ꼸ȫ
˵ŻɫϿҵϥ£͹˸
ٹ꼸ԭţͻȻˣɫ΢Ҳŵϥ
ħ佾ҲҪ˭Ƿٵӣйվŵķݶ
һ߰˸ϥ£ƵҲô֮⡣
ɫδ䣬Ҳֻϼ˸λô£ȻỺ֮ѪʥأҪʲô
ٻŴʾʱߵٹѾһԽ쳵֮˵˳˵඼ħȥѰˣֻǣϣ꼿ڹӰΪķϣԮһ

꼾꣬ע˷һٹ׼ȢΪˣ
ȻʲôҪΪ챦ΪܣٹϹʱҲûôͷɣ
һµؿһŵ꼸ˣħֻҵļ̳ˣһѧħĹУϣΪħ巢󡣡
˵Żϯȡӡһۡ
ߵٹҲ͹ӣ壬պȻҪùӵġ
𣿡
ҲƣȻЦȻˣΪң
̴ӵЦеߵ֮£ͷ꼣۹άħڳ˯꼸۷״̬֮Ȼֻܽ
õĺô
ȻָҿɴҲʲô쳵ˣҿֱٹȥǸ磿
٣
˵˻
ɥĲҲź˵˰񻹲Ū
ٹ꼸ɫҲ̫ãֻǰΪó
ⷬȻħ֮
ô˵òԣ
꼸Ըˣ˵ʲôҴȤҪǱħ֪ˣֵܷˡ
Сһ䣬ĿȾ˼Թ
ҿûȤ㣬ôᣬ᲻Ҫ
ѹͣ΢Цղ⡣
ϯһۣæŲߣڳһȫȻܾģ
ǾԲԼĶôҲѣл֮꣬ôҲˡ
ɫ̣꼲Ųߣˣ㲻ˣҿȥһ
ȷپܾһӣǰ˲ģ
һ޴ޱȵɽڣټվɽλãȥͷյĽɫϼֻɽȱԵܿĹͷ֮ơ
һ߹Ǵ׳ߴɢ΢Ľâϸֱ治⾹ȻĹͷ
֮ǰֻ˵Ҳûۼۼˣ֪жš
ѹ֮ǰֱ飬쳵ǵö
ϯĬĬƳҲЩ𺳵ٹˣǿ˵µʶ
üһ⳵ҪҲֵ֪켫ڡ
֮ǼҲвٴУԼǼ꼣ûп
ĴݸĴֲͬ
Ļ϶ǲľ֮飬ΪºͣεĴȴѪҶһЩѪΪ˵춯أȴҲǷ꼣ǶֻԶԶܿûǰ˵ҲںɼǺεΪ
ٰܶһ飬Ŵյߣ֮أ

ƳһۣҲüƽһһĳƺֻ˹ɽȲʮֻ֮صĺλãȥܿӵһ޴ɽһ֮أŹĺǡ
˵Զ﷽֪һ־
һ߳ʱǺεģЩ
ȴ˵ﲻ־ѪʮɽĴɲЩСܱȣ֮ǵʥأΪٹΪβԼҲǿңǱָ˵־ЩҲѴ㾹Ȼڳ쳵Ųţʮɽ㳲켫ڶҪ̤Ϊƽء
ţš
ոտԱһ˫޾;ѹЩأﻹô
ϯĬĬƳԱߵٹˣ·˵쳵
ٹȼλħǰͬĬԣŵҵȡˡ
ǵˣֻħϣû뵽ʵȻôѡ
ЩʵϹʱβڰʱڵģûоħʱഫ˵ħǰ˵ĿȾֻ֪ħǿȴΣЩ˯ħǰڣԼͲô˵ˡ
ҲǷʱħԸЩԭ
ȷٴ࣬Ļδر࣬ħع֮ǰħ嶼ֻ˯ĹУĹֻôΪ棬ȴΪΪѪͳ츳֪
һ˿Ͻɫϼض˳ĬС
ٹ꼸ипĿϧ
߹ǳÿģžͺʺ
Ǽ꼿˻ͻȻֵʵҲǷǵù쳵ԵҲһϹʱڿɲֹǿٹһҲС
СֹһǾǱȽϡ
룬ϯƳһۣ̽СѯʣϧҪǶѹһ£ȡܹҰμͷ𣿡
ŪͷߣЩܲںƴɣ
ɫδ䣬ºֶ˼Ц⣺ٹ񣬱ҡ
𰡵Ӿһ˭ܰҰ
Щܵ˵һ䣬ٵͷһֿۣۣ׼ȴ꼵ҲûãҪǲ¶һֱҲС
Ϊǰ־ٶһ۾Ϳʲô
ôҲ콾ų㲻˵ν֣벻ô⵶ģǲ֪پôӵģûаݿԵľٶȴǳȻ
˼ҴȺ£˶ġ
ٱĻŪöһ٣ҲûȥĿһڼסһʱɣδ˼ٸҲǵ棬Ǿǵĵ֮ꡣ
˵ʵϯǰûôԣڱǰмֺ콾Ĺ°Դϴʦʦǰ¶ЩڣԽνΪԸ޼ɵ
֮꼣˼һ˾͵ŪʲôȥȻ׽ˡ
꼱ܵĿⶢЩʣ΢΢̾׼뿪ȴһӳסǣϯٵҲħĴӪɣ
ʵЦˣŶ㻹вң
ٶҡ۾קӣٶֻǶԹĽòһǣһĵԲ¡
ǾٳԼ١

ٽקǾǲߡ
Ϊ˷ֹ꼽Ųƣٹӡó̶ΣȻȻק
һңҲ鷳ˡ
ڱ㷢ģҪǴԲ棬ҹ¹һ
΢Цſһ΢ֱӰѱקס˲Ϣһߡ
λϹǿºЦôϲҵ·Ȼȥˣҵġô䣬ûȥղء
ٵһקס·ֱӰ·˵ǿߡ
Ŀ΢һ˲֮ϯһӣҪ
ȴٴθ޺֮ǰڵޣҴͺкã֮ӡ칫ǸʲôƤģ
٣
ƣϾȻ˺һҪ
ɹסĳ˵֮ɨǸϼĽɫ߹ǣƵҪҲǲУöҪǿˣͰμô
˵Է΢΢һЦʮֺͰģ
ټ״ɫһ٣˼֣Ҫʲô
ɨˣϢһϽǸ΢ɫٹһ񾵣͵ңҾͰμǡ
񾵣
ţ죬й֮ܣҪܹģ֮
ĿһЦ֤ͬû⣬ϡ
˽ȴϵͳ̵ñôû˵õǺã񾵣öܸһΪˣӻࡣ
л˵
٣л㣬֪ô޶
ٹ񣺣


149 񾵵Ĵ˵
ϽС ˽·飬ǷٹõַԴǰٹ˵ȷ黹졣
Ҳ
һڴӦ ȴѾˡ
꼵ҲɶϹǿ ת֪룬ԴսЩ٣ ºͺ͵ôҵĺö ҲⶫȤ
ȡ
ٲԾ ܿݣ ¶Ц
ﶯģ˵ЦˣҪĶһΪѰ νһΪ Ϊº͵ĳ߲ڴģٹģί߰ˡ
Ѿ֪󷨣Բ˵⻰
Ц ֵҪ ȸҰһǣ ҰѶŪ֣ٸҰʣµģΣҪ ȴΪ ҹ¹һ
һ仰˵ʮҲʮ˳
ȴ΢䴽ǣ Цԡ

ϯаһ
ǰҶˣ ôҪԣ
ĬһϢ ҧҪȴûӦ£ҾܵǸ˵ϴУȻܵħٹϻٿӰʯ˵Ȼعʱ䵽òܵȴΪֹ
عģҪûĻġ
Ȼʲô֮ԣںܶʵء
ͬʱħ֮³ֻܡ
ϵͳҲ𾪵ʵˣ
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ǰ֮˵õ뷽跨֮ƣ伫ǰɫ֮˵õɫʧȥߣԽܵӰԽ󣬽ʱǾˣҵܿͽ֮ӡˡ
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Ҳ֪һǸصˣ˽ǰ˵Ȼٴζ׼ȥ̽ҪǷȥ̽澵ӣСĺùӳԡ
Ȼٹڵı飬ٻ˸ۡ
⼸䣬ٹĽֻһֱ˵澵ӡ
Ȼûǰȥ̽뷨Ǿϡ档
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150 
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꼻ش ֵ˵磬 ϴθĶûء
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ˡ
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ٴӼֱߵ޶ë֮ݲë꼾죬û׼Ƥܸһ顣

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ϯǱô˵常ӣ۰ҵġ
л˵
٣ô˵ҼƽʱĴġ
ƽ̣


151 ˦
˽߰죬 ƽ̲ŰǸ켫ڡ
ǣ켫ƽߵ÷ɿ죬֮ǰҧñٿ㡣
֮ǰӦǼܺһ߲֪ĴǼܱҲˣ ǣ ҲڶΡ
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˵
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աһϹʱǶݵĳƺż˵֪ɽϹʱǿѣɽ򺣣λǿ棬ɽű֣ϹʱֶйأΪٹϵ¾˫ֻ˵졣
ٷ·񻰹һ㣬һ߾̾һһŵٹ˵°ܽ

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˵ŻĹ˶֪һǿҵѹεضֹĹֹɽ󣬺ܿ綼ܸ֪һǿҵĲӶɽķҡϡ
֮ǰ˵ʱڲƽ˲ϢڷߣΪȷٸߣ˺֪ܿһ΢ĲӶɽķɽ켫֮룬ﶼ֪ǶɽĹǿ߳ˡ
ƽɫ΢ţеСӣϵãô£廹ħҪˣ
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˵ֿٵ㷢ģҪΪҲô˵ҽžͱ
ɽǱߵϢ΢٣ѶĮģ
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ҧǸӣ̫ɶˣأƲ̫ˣ
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152 
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ȻԷٲ˽⣬ ȴҲ֪˲Ǹƴӵģ ŷģ˵ȷʵָʹ ԼҲδӵ˸ϵ
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˸æֵǣ ҳϣ δûֳģ Ϊ׽ģҲϤˣҶΣ һʱļͶ˵䣬 ĵ׻ǸмģİǿֻﰵֺαҪ˵ϣԶ˵Ҳòʲôˡ꼣˼ݶٹ˯ ǴϹʱڱ۷״̬ ôϣǻָ۷ʵ
˵һγĻ ټƺȥһЩԳأƽ˼ĳ
֪ 񾵱ҵģ ֻ˵Ǽ ȥŪ ҪΪӣ ʮɽΪ̫ӡҲȥѯٹ֪ǼаٹҪӡĶ˵Ҫʲô
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153 Źֵʦ
ʱķٻǰȺ·ϣ ֪һôġȱ¡
ӴѶ״̬ӦûãԷҲû̫ģ ߵҲã ȺڵλûͦԶģһʱ ǷҲɲȥ
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⻰ͻȻ ٹٹϽɫһ ˶һۣ ٹŵΪͻȻ£֪Ҳ࣬ ֻżȻ ƺϹʱһɵ˵˲ˡ
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ⶼǹȥˣҲûˣЩС£˽֮Ҳʲô˵𣬲Ϊ֤ݰˡ
ȴֿ֮ץŵļӸУ½ûƽϡ
ȱ˻ⱨӦھĸо
ҲԶ϶ǰȷʵǽӵһ˻ѧҪģµôʰ·硣
ȷ˵٣֮ǰЩ쳣ҲͲټƽˣ˶ʱҲˣҲͬˡ
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ױƵصݸʦ֣㡣
ϯЦѽѪΪģ㿴ϲϲ
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ӽӹ˸ǵѪߣֻ˵ıⲻƷʦʲô죿
ȡ˿ȣȻ˵ؾĹңԶȻʶѹСǸ˿㻹ǵǰģǰȻôϹǿߣַȻһ㣬ƹˣ
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΢ħ֮ķ˿
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ϯδע⵽Щͣ٣ֻ̾ȻһЩԵŵرӦǸ˿죬ЩϹǿ߹ΪֻܿЩΪħ롣
ٹķ˿ôΪķ˿Ҫħݵ֮һ˲ıԵϹǿҲûôǿˣɼһ˿ǿȻٴ˲ѹ
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⽣Ͽϲŭֻһգġ
ʶУӷһƽɫͺɫĹâЦ㿴Ҿ˵ٹϵ׽ٹ壬У˿ֶˣֻͨԼĵ£СӣΪʦܹϵ׽֪ѳ˱˵ˣ
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ʵУٸͳЩգͻȻĿЩסļ򣬵ʦ֣
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ٺЦݹɣԵЩ˼
ǰǰװ£ԽԽϤˣһ⣬ҲװˣҲûϲ档
˲װƣҹС
һϲҹУֻϲٹ
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˭ŲΪ֣ȴмܽ⻰˵ڣ˽ĵûʲôá
ŷٵĻϲݣܿʶѯʣ֮У
֪
񾵺ٹЩƵԵñ꣬Ƚʵڶ䣬вɣ㣿ƭ㡢㡢Ҳͼռеλãôһ㲻Ҳ͸ֲǷʲô⳵ģġ
ڷٴǰǸ磬һһ䣺PUA㣬۾Ϲ˿
ȻȴȻųƹ֮֮ﶼ֪
֪񾵵Խ֪Ҳ㣬СӣƾҲҵˣٹ񵱳ûֻܽܽҷӡѪ֮˱ԸΪĸԸƭĴҲ뵱ҵˣֱ֮
Ҳգ˵꣬ŻĮϧԶҲ벻ʶ
۾̫
ֽţҪָƿڴһ٣Ȼʵȴֻڽʶ긿֮
ǲģĵ׵̶̣Ӱ˵־ħԻ֮¡
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ӵʹʱҲûҪ˺˭Ҫȡİ֮ˣѡĬĬܣ¿ˡ
һ˺Ըй֮⣬ҲҪ˷ٵһٲ
׶ǡôغһЩӴĽһǰˣһֿѣ΢ƽ⡣
񾵳ܿŭ֮⣬ýû취
ʶʹһ֮ͨȻ֮

񾵾â໰˵˵һ˸ɴཫйâһֻ˵Ĺͭӿ£䵽ʶԱߣһЩƾɽ͵ײ
ӵͷһϢּ֮澵ӣָâעһƬľϡ
ѯʣ֮ҵ

Ӻϯ˵ʹ಻ͬȻ˶ܶʲôСĥ
ڽĥ񾵵ʱʵУȴ˸߲ҵڼװϣָԶһƬ˵ʦ쿴ɽⲨζ˲ͬ
ǴԼмĵطһƬյľ޴ͷ˸Ĺ㣬Ųӿʮ׳ۡ
ֻϸܷЩ˸ӾһЩ࣬˾һƬһ׳۾
ľ˶ͨ߶ʮΣգΪ㲻ֵһˡ
ûаѷգܿˣΪٶƬ˻ʮָȤĿȨҪ˹ȥʻƬ֮Ϻд
ˮӿȴȻڷϵ˸ƽأ㱻Ҳ̧ͷݵͷϯϸܹ㡣
ٲٿطӾ˻ﴩжȳƬˣԸ̾ÿʦ֣һҪվ۷壬ܿһС
á
߻ƬΣȴͷʦһ𡣡
ȻϯعͷһסļͷƵֵһֵܣȻҪˡ
ҲûֻӻʮȻذ˲µĺˮ
һЩؿĽȴ˶ǵˮ֮һպãŵʦܻʲôģһҡ
û˵ܾøոսǾٶЩ֡
˵ϵ֣ΪӱǸʮͻˣ´ǰҲûɽܾЩͬ
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á
ͷ
ʶУʶȴһھӣƽ侲εûҵָ·
񾵱ѹ⻪˻˲εģŴԻ̲סֻͨһЩʱأܿ̽ĳЩۼֲʲô֪һСӣ̫ˣ򱾾ͬھ
á
һɶûУֱӱԱȻԳԱɣȻ԰ҵķӡ
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һۣвɣſңⱲӶٿˣҲûʲôʧҪʶ֮Уܾˣʲô˼
֮𡣡

񾵼ŭãбһӱűȥҪһСܻ೤ԪҪң
˵ĹͭʶкֱײʶвС𶯣Ȼʶһ͸ɫ֮ƣܲ͸磬һ񾵵ı֮ϣʶС
ӾĴײϺֻ侲ٶѯʡ
ģеǡ
ʵУٴθоЩ쳣΢΢üʦ֣û𣿡
ܾýϢƺЩ
ȴֻ΢΢һЦƽȣûʲôֻʦܼԦģپĳȡ
ĵϯĿˣϲֻ
̰ͦءϲЦտ˵ЩϹߣǿҲһ
⻰ֻҺͽ˵
ӵı⣬ûгЦɫͷʦ츳֮²޲ɣҵһ쿴ʦܼԦߡ
л˵
Ϲߣٹ꼡
٣Ժˣʲôģ
õģʦҵһ쵽
񾵣⣬PUA㣡
ԱͿԳȥˣ㱬ɡ
񾵣ô#%@@#%@%#@#
#ݺ꣬˲֪پǿɵˣһPUA֪Ĵ#
۾˵ײȻԭģ䰡


155 
Щĵ ٺͽ
ȻҲΪϯǰ޶ӵë˵ꡭ
֮ʦֵ֮һֱϴ֮ݵĸң عںá
һ·˵˵ЦЦ һ߿һ;ץһЩ֣ ˺ü칦ɽε
ȫ죬 ֶǽģ ܸ֪ϢҲࡣ
˲Ҵ⣬ ε֮𽥼ٽ̸
״̬ٹ˵ ˮΪ ࣬ΪǷݣͨԵǽʳʱ츲أ ὫΧһﶼ븹У 仰˵ ޲ɱ
޶ҪԶһ㡣
ҲûԼץֻǿܲҵټҵ ֪ͨٹ
εǳ ˳ŷںε죬 ɳصĺ֣ ΪĴ ԵıʲôҲûˡ
ӰӶûš
ҲգⱾ£ٹôҲûϢһϣ֮ӵˡ
Ȩ
һҪѰټ⼸ʶСʡΡ
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˵ʲôһŲֻ˵Լ⣬ʦܵﻰټ⼸ҪѰʱû֮
ǳεҲˣҲںȫȻӡȴֻһܵġ
ҲͰˣ˭ͬһ飿
οĲ֪
ֻһ澵ӣֲֻƬֹô֪
ӿƽƽ棬Ǹ˻ĥӵġ
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ҲԸôһСͬھϹаһڴˣ
ĻһŲţ˵Լ֪ټ㵱ûѯͬĻ
ĥ߰죬ڰ죬˵ľһϢ֮УʶУ׼ʼյѯʱȴͻȻӵϴ
Щ߸ϵʮּӯ֮С
֮ⶨ
ҲٵûʲôȴҪĥˡ
׼ѯһ٣һ漤ľӣʵͬٵЩ֮Ϣ̽һȦ
ð
ٵûǱϵˮںܽˮ֮̽鷶Χһ£ҺˮʱҲܴһЩϢڷٶȸһ
˵ʻʻȥ׼ΧƬ̽һȦ
Լʻ˴ʱͻȻָԶһ޴Ӱʦ㿴
е
ȻûۼƾӰĴģͣٿԿ϶һֻ
ֻǲ֪ôһǴС
Ǿ޴Ӱں滺ζûзʲôϢ·ͺˮܱϸСȺΪһ塣
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ʵڲ֪ôֻ˸Щ֡ûȥݡ
ĳʣǶ
˵ʵٻǵһμô㣬һЩСҪ
ٹܿش𣺡λøң뿪ˡ
뿪
һ£ʶʣҪֱӸţϣ
ǻûҪԲ׽ֲĻ
ٹȴʮ䵭Ҫǲ͸š

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źûʲôǿϢҲûʲôԣֻǿŴ
ԼԾ֪ˡ
ðɡ
ȻԣһǸȰϧˣλøٹѶͬԱһֱЦħһϹǿߣ˵ץֻҲãֵɣʦ֣뿪ɡ
΢΢δԣȻͷܿƷת
Ȼ׼뿪֮ʱֻǲԶͻȻˮ档
Դ̽ˮ棬Ȼſ¶һѪڣ޴һ˲䣬ж·ķݡеࡢˮǲٿصҷž޴ȥ
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ЦҲ顣
Σղ̫ߣ˶Ц
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˵ǿԳȥƾͽΪȻֲ˼Ϣ⻹ֱ޷Ǻεơ
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ȻĿ佱ͦĵģͻȻôһʼϯЩϰߣʦˡ
ٶ˶ƣξû
սƣůȻͣںڰּ֮С
ʦܣº𣿡
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ᣬƺΪ飬ֻЩûйߵĵطҲֻǿٴµ̫ܿɫŷٵƣһֻҲֱϣ˼֡
Ҳ̫ϲֵطʦڡ
֮ɫŨԥ֮ץסʦֵƣʦ£ء
˽£ȴϵͳ²ۣôоڲأ˵ǲǹô˵һΣΪ𱨳𣿡
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л˵
٣Ĺֵֹģ
ЦҺʦܿЦʦܲҪ 
#񾵣б±#


156 ӵı仯
ٴûýôֹ
֮ǰʼ ԼԼЩ쳣ϸ֮̽ȷʵǽ ٿԿ϶ʦûᣬ ûƿ־ҲûӰ졪̫Ӱûп
ֻ޵֮ȴһֱûˡ
ºû˵ һ߶ԼֱЦ ˵Ц ʦôҲһῪЦˡ
һ ЦҲ벻
ǲǻӰˣֻǲңôأӰ΢ġǱĬģ˲ Ϥ ЩĪ֮
ϸһֿһۣϧʵûһ˿ߣٺҲ彭ɫֻƺЩЦݡ
Ĭ죬 ٱŽСĵ̬ȣ ͬ˵ʦ֣ λȥҪȥһ壬һȥɡ
Ҳܷʲôδ֪쳣
һ򲻻ܾȴҡͷ ޲ ֻǳºͺ֮У һ˴γҲЩջ ҪűչЩʱգ ͬʦһȥˡ
Ҳá
û飬ֻЦŸһ䣬иһ˿˼
⣬ǲ֪󲻴
һ磬˱㶼û˵
ʱһƬ̡ʴУɫ΢ӽӽó˴Ѷ
ע룬ٹĮ
ѵˣҴʹſ죬˳Ƴ
˵һ䣬绹˾䣺ӦֻһֻǳδܵУ͵ɡ
λϹǿ߶ȻЩԭúţͻȻɳѰ
֪˼ҲգЦŻش𣺡Ул磬ѱ¶鷳ˡ
ûʲôֶѱһֻģӦҲ˵ķԸҪһЩֶʹ
ٹ˵껰Ѷſ
ʦ֣׼ȥˣ˵Σ
á
ӵͷ
ȫûƽʲôĳ
ôһͷ޴ţػɲС𺳡
ʱ¾ٸ֪һʿϷһӴ
ͽ˳ǿϣԽЩխĺڰֻһϢʱ㿴ǰֹ֮ǴѪӳػغϡ
ٹڿУ˫ǰ̽ϱֻ޴ޱȵƣưں
ٹͷһۡ
һ߿һͬٵ˳ʮ֮⡣
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ϯܣһҲûаæǿϷ˼
ֱԶƬ򣬷ٲͣ½Ųɿץסֱ۵ƣЦ˵ͽֲ
Ĳƺ𣺡λħǿߣ
ţħ֮ץģʦòħ֮´󽫣ء
òݴǱȻҪͬú˵˵ֻ΢΢ħ֮ʦܵȷ
仰ֻһڵ̸ҲûʲôرǿɷȴԼЩʲôͬ
͵͵۽ֻ΢ĴǺһºףκβͬ
Ҳˡ
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ʵ뷨
۹ϵԶվʵΪЩııҲΪݷԴպ
кɨһеʵ˭ʲôı
Щӹһ˿
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ͬĻ̱ƣҲʱٲһ˶ǵ磬δվǵģʦ֣λȥȥһĹǾȥڡ
ߣҲʱˡ
á
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˵ΪҲսʲôӣֱڵشȥˣմɱҪģţźڣǷŶ켫ڣЩҪŪЩպźһһ㡣
һӣԶٹƺѾֻ޴ƷһɫȻǰ
ͣºͽ˵Цͬк磬
ٹȴûлشĿ佱ֻɨߵĽ䵭ֱԵòҪй֮˽һ𡣡
˽ЩϵȻħС
ʦ֣֮ˡ
ٽͣħҲ֪ģЩͦӣһʱ˵֮ħ׾УİɣҪˣħܽң
˵䣬ϯ
ֻˣҪμԦ
ٹ׸һöɫ񻷣񻷣Դ˲ٿأδԼһĹˡ
׽ٹһҲȥˡ
ȴæסҲȵ磬㿴ҲѵóһˣҪɴҰѱҲѰ˰ɣʲô֮Ҳ֪Ķа
ٹһۣڷڴĿ˲ʧǰ
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߶ðҲ֪ٹôģԸǳȾͷɫ񻷡ϯŪһ£֪ôʹá
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΢΢ɻ󣬷ٵҲƭԼ㳢ʶ̽С
ܿ죬һġƺʶ֮УһƬްԨСһֻССġİ͸
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֮ǰҵԴ˿Щ
ʦôɴ죿ˣʦֱܼ쿪ǿһ̶ӵȼ࣬һҪΪ㽵ǶԷĸԸΪʹ಻̫󣬷˼վŸҲ˲˿˵ûã
˵һѣ޶ݣֻ֮ͬټ̵ºѣȼ̫ˣѰӦǿԵġ
ҲǡҲһʣҲһ㣬ܿЦ񻷺ʹٲ֮Ҫȥһʮɽûĸù
ԵĴҲԣôһս˵꼵ⲻ
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ʶ֮룬صܿԾˮ棬Σһ˲䣬˫ӳһ˫޴ˮ档
˫ֱֻСһЩųǵķһ
أ࣬ǲ
ЦͬʦֵߣǳȥҲ÷Ĳٿطˡ
˳װƣƽ̡
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ϣƽ̹ıվȡ
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ٶޱȣǵķҪһһϣվϣоʲô硣
ٺ̽һĴŻصߡ
Ѱ˸ط£ϯǳȡһС輸¯ߵȵȵȵȣԻʦֺһ
Ǵ濴޴ķпݳ̸裬Σвеľ
ûʦֶ֣Լ裬һ߶ֻһЦʵһʼѰһֻʦ֣ϲĻΪϹ֮ףν飬ײѰܱȡ
ʦ˵ǡ
ӹ豭񾲣ֻһڡ
Ȼʶȴ֪δ
û˵꣬ʮֱûУͷ֪ٴˣСӣʦȻ˵˵ѣ꣬˵һʱһ䣬ҪҪϵǣҲȥժڲ㣬Ϊⶼ
ĵ˵꣬ŵϵժҲ㣬Ҳ֪

񾵾濩֨죬һŵñʦƭһұ㲻񾵣
ɼ澵ʵǷˡ
Ȼ˿ΨһƷζȻ޲ѯ֮Ļ޶ԡ
ʲôʣ֪񾵣ö֮񾵾ԼȽԩֵĸо
ɼPUAһһˡ
Ȼһϯ޲
ɽһ·ϣ뽭Ķ࣬ٴŵò˲٣ʦӦû񾵵Ӱ죬ֻһЩϸ΢棬ްҲ˴ţ
Щϸڵı罭ǣ֮ġ˭ûи֢أΪֵһ¾ˡ
˳˻Щʱձɽص켫ڡ
һ·ϯҲûаڣŶһֻ޴ޱȵĴϿշɹֻһħе£Ҳû˷ҪСȥĲڣȻʮŲԵ߸նɹŵ򣬿ɴķٴһʶ
ͣ켫ɽſڣıɽһɤӡ
常Ҵһֻ֪ҪĶ
˵׵ҫ
켫ƽȻǰᣬȥһٵŵӣȴûôˡ
ϯɽſһɤӣܿͳɽſڣڿֻ޴ķݴ켫ƽ˿ĶŪģʲôޣ
ͨԽΪԽߣֻݱ켫ƽκη޶Ҫ켫ɽſڱһСɽ㣬ʵڿţʶ
ЦǺߵߣսЩѾС˵ģıﳤأˮΪΪֻ壬һ˺ô󹦷Ūģ׼켫ڣԺҪϳžʮšب£Ҹ˵ûбˡ
켫ƽü΢һϢЩѵ
ⶫ˵һ֣ǿޱȣϡٳ̶ȱﻹ٣ֻһˡ
پȻŪһֻ
ƽû˵ȴԽ΢΢˶ţҲǲУ׼Ķ
ģҲСˣܲܺȦĵ͵޷һɣ
ϯٺЦŨЩ
򴽽ǣЩ˼ش֣常ϲ󺣺գյǺ˵ÿȥһ£ˮ鷳ˣͷ常ЩںɽӰɣҲиʮ㹻ˣ߰С
켫ƽЩɫһӽϡ
ţ˵ʲô
ӸСסԺһúТ˳
Ųűھ㡣
켫ƽҧʮ㵱ʲôҸ㣬ôߣ
켫ںɽﶼأʮĳʵãȻռ˲Сĵطгһأ£û̫๦򣬿ʮĳҪȴҪˮԴ
켫ڸȺɽûôˮԴںҪһʺĳӣȥŲЩˮ
ѰһŲƶٺˮҪݣȻ켫ƽǿ
պһ뵽Ҫٹǰһڡ
Ҳ֪鷳˵㣬ͽ֪ҪãܲܽӻȥħϹǿæɣСȥ磬粻Ū
ǸԼŵˣ˼ȥɲƽ̡常ʺϣ
ƽжɱˣæ˱ܣڽС⣺ҲΪźðû˵һãҪԺҲаߵδɣҶŪˣֻҪⶼԸ⣬Ҫڱţѵͬ⡭
Сֹƽ󣬵ʦҲΪźá
켫ƽŷٵĿ⡣
ʵƽҲ֪С¶棬ʲ
ļƽ㣬첻ǰԼҵӰᶫںˮ˶ʲô鷳Ūʲô
ƽ̱˱ۣ˿ŵ±ˣһں
˲
Ȼȴӽ̽Դʮ޹һҪȥݼǰȥʦ֣ͬĵģûȥط֮Ҳ뿴ɣ
ƽ̲Żȥ
ϯæ˶ʦֱԴ¶ˡ
ƫҲֱƽ̣ȻƽʦҪȥһˣ²ͣҪбչأƽ̷ģȻ볤һ𡣡
Ϊں£
ƽ̺˼ҹ߻㵹ã˼ҳȥңڳӣǱĺöӡ
ȴѵ⣬ֻͷԷ˵ʦܣҲ죬ϢȥĹӵ½ʦֱá
ãллʦ֡
ϯЦݣƽ̰Ŀеһյܿһܻɽ
ĿԶȥſƽ̴ˣ˼ƽʱ䵭ʦܻᣬȻЩҲûʲô׺αƽϣʲôͬ˵
ƽڽ˼ĿŲϣ´һۣҧͬ˵ʲôˣ֪ˣ겻գߡ
ƽ˵Ҳٿ뿪
ʶУ񾵼ѵü룺㸸Ҳ˵ȴ
Ȼʶɫʼղ䡣
ʦܴȥѰ֮ҪҪңԼ
񾵴ŭ˵˱֪㵽Ҫ˵˵ţ
ãұ㽫׸ı㻹ٵһٳ

ŭ쵴ʶȻһЩʲôҲܸı䡣
֮£ϥʶ˫ۣüһƬƽ
л˵
˵ʲôҸ䡣
#ƽΪ͹#
#ץһ#


157 ̴
ٸ֪ʦֱԼ˶ĸı䣬 ܿƽֶ֮УЦݡŴϣ ͷһľ޴
ͬһƬӴƣ ߵĶڵסƬâ ް£ ֻϯЦȻԵſ ǳ財
ûж˿Ц˳ˣ ֻǾ÷ϯպرģͷ֪ǸʲôѹѹôһƬ ϢЩĻš
ٳһ·ϺʺõʦʦǴк Ŀһӡ
ɽһϡּ䣬޴£ѹľûˡ
ߵԴǴԴ Сһ ֻίЩʱˣ ȳںãܴˮˡ
ֻ壬ǻ̫ߣ һºͣ Ȼ񻷣 СһҲû󿹾ܣ δܳɹ
ʱٺ֮ ְѽӽеĴѪⶼóˣ˼Դ뿪ɽ
ڷ̽˭ôħƤӵŪôһֻҲ
ôһֻһ켫ڵͽټȻ췱æ֮ˡ
Ȼѽ⣬켫ƽ̲ôһֻںɽܣϾϹ֡
Ҷʱûʲôս£ֳ㡣
ٶҪ죬ƽҲЩӣֱеش϶ȥɽڿӡ
ߵ֣߳˵ǸʮϡϹϢ֮ҲûʲôԹԣǶȥɽ⴫˵еޣ˻Ȼ˸߲ҵȥɽڿˡ
ƽ̾ԼǸԩ֣ȴܸˣʢ֮ˣڸʲôҪǷܰһ嶼ŪڣǱ´ڵ󺣡
ڿӵٶȱ켫ƽлҪ졣
ûݱŻھٸϢ˰죬Ȼصȥɽ˻ƽڳӣʮ֡ơظƽӰʯһЩڿڵûͷġˡ׼ԺΪˣóƽ̿
ȱ£ϯһָ
ںɽͬڳӵĳǽ̸һ뿪
ҹʱ֣ȥ
ӹ˵ȥһĳӣʱԡϣһĵ£վЩͥԺԺƺϰĳ
ʶƳţһĨ׹⻬ļ񾵶Ӱ쾹ǳ
Ȼʲôص£ǰôվͥԺǵý˫޵ʱ쿪˶һ¡
ɼ澵Ӻ˲ǳ
꣬ͥԺߵͥԺеʯ¡
е¡
Ҳûʲô᲻ĸֻº͵ʦʲô𣿡
ûʲô׼ճţͬʦ˵һ
ЦŴƬʵۣʶɨλã˶٣ŵʦ֣㡭
ָָţڨڨһЦѵüʦģ
ԼͷһۣȻûʲô߱ÿҲǰ̡̫
Ǻǡ
ٲ֪ô⻰ֻøЦɤӣʵʦҲͦõģ߿ЩͲҪ뷨
𣿡
ɨԼĸ濴˵ʦܵܺÿ
٣
ϯһӦԼΣڶӦԼˣֱϢʶԼ׶˵ʲô
ǽ˵Ļ
򴽣ֻɬòСʵʦ֣û°ɣ
ûɣ
ƴǰǰ죬ݸһЦһ˿ݣʦܺγԣǲİˡ
ǣĶѡ
εջؿߣʶԼĸԼֻŨصаְϣǿЦɣҾûô˵
ȻĿºޱȡ
㣺ҲЦʦܵȷ컯ݳѼΪôȵ㡣
ʲôҲ˵ֻ޾зεЦ
һʦֵͥԺУʦֿ佱ձ֮С
񾵣
ϯɺݺ
ѹٹ˵澵Ǹµаˣ˹ıصʦֱʲôˣ
ϯ֮䣬ͻȻּ
ߵǰڷһĿ֡
̽ٵĸ
ʲô֮ľٶ
ϯȻһӱܿˡ
Ҳ⣬ûٳԣֱֻӣºͶ˵ףʦһ·˳硣
ȻþĿ⿴ż־
ı̫ˣŽ͵ؾ̫࣬Ѱֵ֮ЦʱУҽҲЩıǣʦܻҪչңҲʡ
ǡ𣿡
⻰ЩЦá
ҲǿȷʵЩĮ˵ҪıҲûʲôãֻͻһӱ仯ôܲˣ
ϯ֣Է̽ȴŵʦҲز֮˵һռı䣬ǡ
ʦ˵
ƺĻȥˣͷȻȻڷٶ¡
ߣʦֳ˵Ҳû󰭣ûҲ㲻ÿܹЩ֣ϾǷ١
Ǹڴˣ㲻ںͼƽôˡ
˼ˣϯ΢΢򴽣ǡ
ûڣ㿴ĽͻȻֽϣ˶·ſѺûʲô𣺡ʦҪߣһգȱ߰ɡ
ð
ĺȲٱ㲻ˣǱҲûǡ
ӽﴩ֮ȥȡ˲ߣỺһ裬˶һ
ٽӹˮһڣϸϸƷ޵ƽ̷˵ĲȻǺõġ
ϵЦݣݸʦϲͺá
˵ҵ˵̴ᡯϹʱʮĲж֮Чϧʧˣܹҵֲƽ̷ˣҲЩڸ
ڳһǰڴ˵꣬ҪΪ˳ƿոյĻ⡣
ɽȴĿ΢棺ʦ룬δزҵ
ޣ˵˵ѣʦֲطϡ
򾡱еĲˮһ䣬΢΢һЦԵ¡
Ҳûʡ
ȻʶУʣ̴𣿡
񾵣
ѡԸһ
л˵
Ȼϯûӵоӣ޶ëȴȻ䣬ұ䱾
٣˵˵ѣ¡
񾵣Ѿ󵽽ˡңϹа񾵣뿪ĵطһҪڽʶħ


158 ֮
һ澵Ӷԣ ʹ²Ҳһɵˣҵ˽һ˻޷뿪
ҵǣзһʦܡ
˼ֻһ̴ᣬ ûϣ Ҳõȴѿʼ
ʶкѲʦ˵ʲô㶼ҪȥѰ檳Ⱥ ҲȥΪ𣿡

Ȼô˵ˮƽһ仰 ΢ Ȼûٿѯˡ
ʵУ ٲ֪ڸոһ澵ϢˣʦЩʲôȻִ뽭Ц̸
ʦ֣ ȥĹ ʲôҴ𣿡
Ȼ֪ӦҲλĴѶʦֱϾͬЩҲڴѶв˵Ϊλ£Ҳ֪ġ
ҡҡͷ û˵ ͻȻڣʦܴ˴οɻҪ˳ȥλħ֮
ϯɫһ Գʵͬ˵ӦҲȥһħ塣
֮϶Ҫȥһ磬Ϊǰԣ ҲΪƽ֮Ĺϵ ˳һ£ Ͼ˵͵͵ȥġ
˼
ټͻȻЩ֣ ʦôͻȻ˵ħ֮
ǰħûʲôȤģ ̸ħֻƶѣŵǶٹЩȤ
ûʲôֻǰ񾵣ƺħ֮졣
Ӵƽɫûʲôٲ룬ֻΪ񾵲ЩȤϾ澵Σ֮أͷǣʦֶ澵˽Ҳ١
⻰Цƺ̸ֻҲͬ΢ЦϾһʱգЩ˽⡣
⻰˵ֵ꣬ʦǰҵǱѪħƼҲǨŭʦܣȻǻʦܰɡ
ʦ˵ʲôأ
ٹף״ͳȥĶĻջĵʦ־ܷţλħ֮ΪңС£ϵġ
Ȼ˵⻰ʱҲڴģе滹ǵУʦΪǰСħ̫ӡٶô˵ġ
ֻϯֵ֪ƵᣬʶȴЦʲôٹ֪ˣħ֮˳谮һС㲻˽ȴʮ˽⣬Ȼʦв岻Ĺϵ˴ĻǣͷΪ˼¡
ûлشֻޱȣЩİ
񾵱˵κٹȣδħ֮ˣ˵䲻ģٹںʦֻ㵱ʦ֣ʦֺʦܣΣ
νġᣬÿһֶ˽Ŀϡ
ȻȻĬ
Ƿٺ˱֪֮ʦֺЩ䣬ΪԼٹദ
ͬ£쵽ħ̫ˣȴֻǰһСЩ
룬ϯοʦ֣ʵĪ˵ңʣ˵Ҳ̳²ʱҲԳΪ̫ӲǣģȥҾͺ˵˵ҾǺܿġ
ʶУֵƼûʦܺϵҲ˵ϻڱ̫ӣɲͨĹϵ㲻ͬȻ֪ٹϵǳȴȻ֣ߣҿʦܱ´úܣƾһ壬ʲôȥ
˼ա
οִڴˣҺǹӮǰҲúÿǿǣͬٹг𣬶Ȼվߵġ
񾵲ϹаȻʱЩؼʱȻջ
ɫ΢òŴ٣лʦܺ⣬㲻ͷʦˣֻϹǿվǶ꣬ʦͬǽҪСĲǡ
֪ģʦַġ
پ豭˾Ȼ׽ģ
ûоٱֻϵЦºͣһƽ
ʶУ𣺡ҿȻңҽ׸ٹ񣬻ʦܣǸã
񾵣
θߣľǲǣٹȻʦйϵôƴ㣬ֱ룡
ħ֮ǺεݣǺεݣȻ׽ʦܣηںԣΪʹˡһΣվҪʦԸ뿪ġ

񾵱˼ʱƿڴڲ
㱻ƭʦٹʱ⿴οޣ
ҲãЦҲգ֮Ҫ˵ޣֻôȥĹܱЩʱ㣬ҲǺô
㲻ú
һУڿеľȻµʶȥͬھơ
ȻӴʶʱ͸ֱ˰գö
ʶˣֻһвڶñȥҪʬΣң
ʶѣʵȴһƬƽ͡
ȻĿЩ֣һºͣҲûж룬Ҳ񾵲Ӱˡ
ȾҲ˵໰ϯǡ
ʦ֣ټ
ʦһ·ƽ
û˹֣΢Ц뿪СԺ
վԺſھԶȥӰʧڹսǴ
ʦԶ֮ջߣ߻ȡֽʣһ˼һдʱдһֽֽһЩϡ֮
ֽһһʶеĮ֮һһҲ޷Ҫչأ㹻ʱģʦܻ֮ǰһ֮ҶҪ֪ټҲٹ񣬴ԼҲѻ꣬Ը⣬ҲʶҺĵԪ󲻹ǧˣҲ꣬ǲںЩʱġ
񾵴ԼЩʲôҲںֽߵԺſڣλʦܹƽҽҪչأʦܻ֪
ǣʦ֡
شʦܺܿ뿪ԺţҲûԺӵµıչңֻߵ¥ңڴϥϢ𽥹ڼž
һߣʦ֣Ҳûȵڶգɴ൱ҹ˷뿪ȥĹλá
ζȥַҫû뿪켫ڣڷϣٻͷһۣͬϵͳ̾аǰЩţҲǺϵͳȥ֮ȥݷ磬ôŶҪߥҵ澵ӣѹɲˡ
ϵͳûôֻ꣬ƽЩ֡
ֹ֣
ţոûȻҵĸûȻҲǱ¶ˣôһصˣʱȷκ֮£ҷŶΪˣ˵ʵȻС£仯Ҳ̫ˣˣǵǲᶨ֮ˣǸܻΪָ᣿
ֱ̫ˡ
ϯ뵽;ЩëȻ
ʱ򲢷Σղſ£׽֮ԸҲͬ˾㤡
ˣң˵ѪҸٹ᲻
ٵʱҲû룬Ʒζܾ仰Щ֣˺ܾ֮ǰͽͷʱǰ˵ĵĻһζʮ㡣
ԽԸ񣬾㱻ӰҲڰֵֻܶѡ
뵽ֵξȻûϵͳֵһ㣬ԭұҲˣɾȻҲû˿٣ⲻԸ񣬱ӰҲˣĶŤתͿסˣĻߣ
ԽԽЩԾֻͷһۣܾԼǲǺʲô
ϵͳڴʱͬûпܣʵûӰĵģֻǸıһ£ŵôӦҾ澵ȷʵҲڷ涼ܸı䣬ĿȫǣǱ£㲻ֻһˡ
˵ʲô£
ı˽ȡ򡣡

ٵ汻⻰˵ɫһʶôܣʦϲû˵ڡ
Ϊ˷ŵΣҲЩʱദģ
Ĭ죬ϯŵͳҲš
ҪҪԡ
ôԣ
Щ䣬⻰Ӱˡ
ϵͳȴ飺ѶϢ˵ʵĵ׶кøУԾԲյַֻʽ˵㿴ʲôӦ

ְ취ٴĵǾܾģʱ벻ʲôֱӵķ̽
Ĭãϯó˴ѶϵͳķӷһѶϢ
˼ϵͳ֮ǰ˵Ĳࡣ
ܿ죬ѶϢ
ٵ㿪һǰһڡ
Ϊʦֻ֡
ġ
ˡ
ϯƲԾɿѶڵأȴ⣬ֻݱͷĵ常ҶԲ㣬ûչ˺ô硭
ѹ˵ϹŴ˵еаȻԸıһ˵ȡƽҪ֪²ιȥ
ʹ˺һѶδٻѶϢֻٿطּӿЩٶȣҹ´ƺںڰп񱼡
ϯҧȥ崫йȻа취񾵵Ӱ졣
ʵڲȥٹ꼣ǶϹߣʶ㣬ܻа취ġ
аοԼĬĬѹЩǡ
켫ڣͥУ붨ڴߣһöѶɫȥѵЩţ˺ܾãԷҲûٴѶ
һƬĬ֮Уӻ
ʶЦҾ˵ʦˣ㣬ͻȻͬô˵ʲôȻϲΪβݣҪ̬֮ˣòû˺ǺֶΡ
ݳţȴȻƽȣ˶Ѵ֪ʦûУǿΪƭңȻ˵ĵطѣ಻˵֮࣬ͬҴѶǱļΪѵãʱ䳤ţαؼһʱ
⻰ǽͣҲ˵Լﻰ
Ŵввʦˣ㣬սթ֮ˣ㾹ôάȻԸ֮ˣΪַҪѱڴ˴ֱ
üһ࣬ǣ˷٣ࣺʦȻףòңֻҪЩ֮Ե޹أΪֻὫʶһԡ
ʦܵ»ֲɡ
ʲôƭˣϸ֮ĵĸ鲻ƭˡ
ãΪ鶯ҲΪڲƭΪҲá
Щڷ棬ٴǰѣϴˣͷҪ켫ڣҪƽΪֻ߷Ҫôʦ֣Щ˿飬ʵ飬Щ˿ƶ飬ȴֻ֮
񾵲ٿģվǲĵġ
δһζĺôԵɡ
ͷ֮ǲԵҲĪ棬ܶ
պôѶȻûٵõظҲδɥ˫ۣ붨֮ˡ
صٶһ·УЩϵĹ
ĹʮϤͻԼҲûʲôˡ
ϯû³çóѶٹһѶϢ
磬мҪȥһˣǿ׽Ҳⱳ㣬ǰĪա
ѶϢŷȥϯͻȻ֪طԼѶЩ֡
ǰȥƯͬѧӸС
ȷʵ£ȥٹʲôϵʲôģ
˦˦Դ뷨˦ҲٹĻش𣬷ٿħǱһۣȥ
л˵
٣常ҶԲ㡣
ƽ̣
٣ģһҵѴİ취񾵣
ƽ̣
ʱӶң¡
߶ʦϲңʦܲϲңʦϲңʦܲϲҡ
񾵣У


159 
ŷ һطٱᳵ·سʥȥ߱ߺ磬ˣ
Ѿ֪Ϣ λһʼ׼ͷģ Ͼǰƿڴ¶
һھǿ޺
ߵʥ ˵ Ǹе嶼֪˾ĴҪ
Ȼ̨ϡ
ָüģ 䵭ʲô£
磬 ˣ
ٿŵţ˳ߵߵ̨£ ̧ͷ һݵֵǰ˵ʦңǰһӣ˵Ҫ뿪ʦֶߣ֮ǰΪûʲôˡ
ͣһ£΢΢˿ ϯþֵ˵ЩʱҺʦֻص켫ڣ Ҳŷ񾵶Ӱ ֱҪ˴ˣ
ûʲôţ˵ˣŵʦҪˣ
Ȼǡ
˼ݣ ѹֲˣ ʦ֡ƺЩݣ ɻҧ˵˳ʦֺʼϲˣ

΢ ŵ⣿
⣿΢΢۾ ƶʾ⻹ҪĴ磬ʦֿƽ̵Ķ磬δļ̳ˡ
㲻˵δļ̳㣿
ȿȿȡϯһӹ£˵֮ؾˣΪӦзӿ񾵵Ӱɣ
񾵱Ͼٹ죬һ˿⣬Ȼ֪ǼаܹغģɵҲ֪ʲôҲûɷٵĻֻСӣˣ㻹űƾʲô㣿
̿ڱ⣺磬⻰ȱĵģȻʦ֣ʵҲûʲô̫ĹϵȴΪ£ҲΪķԸȥɽ㾹һҲܣ˵ʲôǰңһƣȴԭɡ
һͣû˵ֻ꣬ûڴݼ䡣
Ĭһ˲ֻ˷Է٣Ҳһ˵ͱץס˻ӡ
һϢ֮ƽаȴҲһ澵Ӱˣһϴʦü̱ǡ
ա
˰취ٱ㲻ˣһķŵıԹȵ磬治˵澵ΣҲ̫ˣǵЩҵǣʲô÷𣿡
ݲأȥѰˣʲôð취
䵭һ䣬ĿⶨϣҪ˵ˣСӣ˵˵ǰǼˡ
ǰǰʲô£
޹ͼɻȥ
ȴľٶڱ˵Ҫιȥ
Σ
Ҳη壬̷
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˵ˣ꼣Ҳٹ˵ˣǱСˣ
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úҪˣڹ̢ûƤǼĳͷˣ˸ոպãҲڹأѵ
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Ϲǿߡ ȥ磬 ͺһҲûʲôҪģ˵ ֪뷨 ԺͲˣû÷ҪһľϷ롣
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ҲΪʲôûеһʱǼλߵԭ
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˵꣬ƽ̳һŵϹҲûôȫƿһ˵ʶ̳йУôȥòЩϹǿߣʱһῴţлȥ̽̽ʶܷЩ쳣֮ǾȻ죬ûأδؽˡ
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ٵͷƽҲ˼ƽ̱Ͼʶ㣬ΪҲЩ
ˣȻȥɣĪɫ
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һ񣬲һЦӯӯתϿҵ常Ҳ̫ģϾһء

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һߣصʶ֮УȷʵһһڶԻ
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ܾʦģڣȡ֮һһϢľӡ
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һԭί˵ּ˵Ҳħڣұǣ˽Ȼ׽ģϾ峤󣬴Լ壬ǰҲ֪ԼʲôħѪЩʱղ֪ħݺϹţʲô塢壬壬ﶼϰˣ޷Ҳûв̸֮ģֻΪǰɱһ¡
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һ䣬˳ٲһ̾ƫƣ̫ɱҲԸѪɺӣǵҲ֣ʮŵĺ˼룬нһ⡣
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٣𰡸磬´λװƵģûħ󽫣ôǿߣ
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166 
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켫ʵھӮ ˲٣ ỹԵŻ Χۡ
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һϸԽֳЩϹŴǵĹϵ֪ƽǶ֪ء
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ƽҧ޺޿ֻվûй
ǡƽһվɡ
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˵Ҳٱεףֱһ̤գʧԭء
ϯڨڨ˵ЩʲôͷұٹһݵĿⶢڿʲôУ߽ЦݣЦݲ֪ΪξЩëȻ֮С
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ɽǿʳʤΪܹ
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ϯŴǣ˼ֲѵҲ˵ˣֻҪǳ켫ڣҵСҾͷŹǣҿô˵㻰ôСǸŪҺһֱף˵һ仰
л˵
٣ҿôɷ
ٹ죩㾹Ȼôõʱ
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٣ɵңôˣɱɱʲôʱ򣬶˾ԴҷϯŲҪһǾóϷ


167 ҵ
ٵĪ
˵˾ڳ Ϊ켫ӹĻԵʲôҲû˵ЩƽԼģ ȻԸ˵ôһ ݵһڵ˿ͬʲôħ㣬ʹ־
У 죬 ֲٹ
ϯ̣ ²ۼ䣬 ȴٹɫǳ⣬Ҳⲻ飬 ס졣
Ǳ߻ڡ𡯡
ƽȻ ӦҪƴ˼
پһŨҵıɤӣ¿ڡ
ƽ̺α̬㵱ɱҺʦ֣д˱Ӧ ѭˣ ĪҪŪһ㣬 ûнգҲһԩ꣬ˣ 㡣
ͣ ˶Լ ٲż˵ǰ˵ˣ ǸƵˣ Ը̫ɱѷҲմһĿأϵһλܳӡϡϡϼһ켫ڣΪڸӹʱӺ⣬Ȼ
˵ʵҪʵڲϿΧ۵ļλƽЩ졣
ԷؽϵӣڳٲýҲҪѪɺӣɱЩϳ켺ô󣬲˶ƽ̺ͳǳļ壬ٱֶα켫ڵƽ̺ӿǺˡ
Χ켫˵ҪͬھɱĻ񻹼¡
ȴû뵽վȻôҹ
ǼǶ¶죬΢΢üҲںֻһ˿Ц⡣
λǰΪôң˵ǸƲˣƽֻҲ̲ռȻƽʶ࣬ȻҲ棬λҪᣬҿɲǵų켺Ҫưԡݲ˵ˣΪ켫ҷ»ҽʦֵĻƽΪʸ
⻰һûʲôӦҲٹȴƳһֻۣԡ
Ķ⻰Ҳ˵˽ľΪǸˣôĶ֪
֮һԻϯˣȻˣҲ뵢飬ƽ̣öһͬȥɡ
ƽݴӷŷ߿𽥱Щ
жôãҲȫȻŷٵĻôҹ뽫ƭȥһһҲûпܡ
ȻҲٺֱͣͬٹƽ̡
ٹǳһ̤
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ƽ泼ǼٳЩٶںȥ켫ھϵ⣬Ҳˣ켫ڿвǿߡ
Щʱ취Ƶǿߣʱ˭Ҳ
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ǻϳ䶨ˣںͼڣΪһЩ
ϵںϲ٣һڣƱػǣһڣԷû
ĿﲻؿԼƽɫ΢Ȼưԡų켺ֻΪɱһ¶˼ˣòỹҺͼһɣ
˵⻰ƲǿɼλлЩŵġ
񳼷ڲᲮ֮䣬ҲΣյúܣ
ֻǷһƺüţ㲻˵ġֻΪɱһ¡̲֮ġ
˼˵ûţȲ治ͬһٴγ֣ڳ˵ķ
ȻҲûдڵ˼ƽô˵ҲֻɶؿڳϣȻԵõƽˣֻΪɱһ¶ǰйЩ£ƽҲǣڰҵĳȻǾصģɶЩơҵˣҲǵ޹ѰĲǣҲŹЩҵˡ
⻰ʾζʮԡ
ûίߵ˵ŹںͼڣҲûбʾڱҪΣֻ˵պ
ƽ̷ӦΨмλƽɫ̫ÿ˵Щʲôɿ˵Įɫ֮ȴֻñ졣
Ҳǣƽ̺ڵʰ֮ͬͥƽ̼λ𣬲·źƽʱƳƽ̣úЩ΢
һнڲС
ڣִԭⲻġ桯̻ȥ
ƽɫһҲڷٳܱϣΪٹýʲôҲÿơ
һΣǰεͻȻͣͷͬһ
ϯԭֻɢڳ˳˯ͻȻһѣæó񻷸֪һ£ŲҪȥһ
Сڡͷ˼
ٸ֪Щεذ˰üģȰԣҲѣȥƽ̴ȥ档
Сҡͷֽ
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ûʲôԷ仰Ŀ佱ǳÿ϶ЦӶࡣ
Ϊʶǣƽÿ쵽ʱ򶼻ȥһȻιԵģγźѾЩûˣҲûȥ棬ھȥһȦ˳ȥ߳Ե㡣
Ȱ˼䶼ûЧɼǱƽˡ
úõġ˳ɵŰ¾ͱӣϯԼѳĸо
˼ˣĬĬƳĿº͵Ľʦ֣жȻⱨӦ֡
ѵѭӦˬ
̾˿ԼŶǣͬԵشʦܵѳܽ⿪Ȧ
ʦܺܿ찴ķԸ⿪
Сڵɣһһֱҡϣ̾ûӰӡ
ޱڳϵ⡮ӡ㱼侹ƽ֮СƽһǰѴˡ
ԼСʱСڴƲ㣬ͷ˼Ȧַ˻
λشʦϳżߡ
ڳϵķٴγ̾һͷͬұߵٹ磬ɽб𣿡
ٹûʲôҲ֪๫Ӹȥѯʡҹ꼻
ϾǲߣȻ½ϵġ
Ҳû취㿴Сڣ常ˡ
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ֽĲѧ̶ȳļӸУʦȻ࣬ҲôĲɣЩͨˣϹֺｭҲ֪ǡ
΢΢񣬲ȽشЩʦ֣ЩϹشô
ǺĨǵʣҲԳĻɡ
ȻȻݴǰʱҲӴ˾֪Ϲ֮£ΪۣҲ̽䡣

ٲ֪١
Ȼ񾵣ƺɵǷ棬Ե
գգۣŲұߣͬٹӡ֤磬֮ܿ̽˵ļ𣿡
ٹƺ˼һŸӦԡ
Ҳ죬ħ£˻˽Щ
õĿ϶ٲŻعͷͽ˵ʦ֣ҪǾʲôԾĵطһҪͬ˵
á
º͵ؿڣʲôΣգȻʦܣԳܡ
š
ٷ˲٣ֱӦȴµˣӦ˵¾һ
ͬ˶˵˼䣬ҲûѰһ£ֻڳϱĿ
ʱƽ̴Լ飬ϲٷ߿ߵܱϣ΢΢֣
۾ɫǳ£
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߱ȻȱŮˣȻ̲֮ģ̷˱ز٣ֻ½ֺ࣬αؾܾ
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΢΢üٴε˵ˣҲʲô̲֮ģҲҪŮ̷
Ϊô˵ƽ̾͸֪ѶˣλƽȴȻ֡
û̲֮ģ֪ûˣαض˵ƽ䣬·͸˼Ը⻹ǲԸ⣬ȹ̵ķ֮⣬ҲãպȻ켫ˡ
죬ЩԶԡ
Ϊ뵽һص⡣
ƽ̺漸仰˵ȷʵûǲɱֻҪɽõķǲӣֻҪϵ޽Լڲ֦ͬٶƽҪʾõ˼
ԵĹϵףһŮģɿ
Ϊһ˵ʵҲûʲô⣬ؼǷֻģû׷ȫǻãĿ츳飬Ҫƽ֮ŮݣҲòȹ̵λܲȢ˼ңȻ˼նؿշɣ
Ҫûʲô飬ɼֻΪš
ٲԼԺԵ޹ʵŮˣΪڵĹϵ
ڵĳ⣬ҲֱӾܾ漰֮
ϯ˼ʱȴ߽ʦֵ֮λޣλʦίƽԸ⣬ҽϵϵһദΣãſҲίλʦá
˵ں˵ȻòģȻʹûпڡ
ƽ̿һۣԻȴȻᶨһĽûҲ޷
ٶȻֻ켫ӣֺαԼֶŮ
ŵϵŵһУ֮ʱȻҲҪΪŶֹЩϡƽ̣ˡ
Ҳʮԭ
׵ģȻûʲôȤ
ü룬ϯͻȻ֮£Ҫλʦãƽ̣λʦΪŮΣ֮ŮȻ

ڳˣûһ˸˷ϯԻ·
λһֱͷɫȴƽĺʦҲ̲ס̧ͷһۡ
ٻ΢΢һЦֻҪ⸸ΪӣҲһ׮̸һẕܹ̇ȺӢѸ£ϺΪŮգ
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ֻٹڼžһۣɨǺʦãħ֮ɡ
ʲôûУٴšħ̫ӡųȥҡײƭҲͰˣŮҪҲšħŮͷȥȻǲġ
ϯЦȻᣬûħѪͳ
ͬٹ˵һ䣬ƽ̣ΣҲǳġؽϣԼȴǺܺõģΪ켫ӹҲټƽϴǰ£ͷǲ̫ãҲֻһʱպҵٶ壬֪켫ӹֲȥƽ̾Σ
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˼ãƽ̿ԼֶŮΣ
ԭŵƽ˿ȴ˷һͷһеƾ־
ͬ˼ˡ
ķãӽҵŮˡ
ȻЩ֣ϯȴûںͬƽ̵Ǿһˣֻ֣ҪĹ鸽ȻҲ㡣
ƽɫһЩȻлл
ٺ֣ĺ֡
и˵ˡ
ڸԼĳ⣬ҲԼ⣬ԱɫܣпЩĳ̸켫ƽ̷˴Ѷ
ϯɹڣȻƽ̵ֶŮΪŮ׼֮ȺӢѸ¡
һĹϵȥ·;ֺг˲٣ƽ̻صԼŵĶУڳԱߡ
Լһ˼ͷ
ֱڿȥˣɫƽ°ɡ
ɨһֿۣ˿£صƽߡ
΢ʦ֣ôˣ
΢ʲôֻЩ͡
Ҫ̫㽫Ůδ룬¾·׽ʦܣ֪ж˶մһմϵ
ҿû˼
ٻͬ䡣
ȴʦȻ̧ЩҲǰûУʦƽ⡢ƣ֪˿ûУ»ţѵʦÿһҪ߲ɣ
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ǽѵõͬ˵ǡбҪ˸Ů
л˵
٣ҡֻϸŮ
ʮţѵҪϾŸŮ㲻ЩŮˣ˼պЩҲδ֪㣬ǸƣܼȥҿֱɱֹҲ̸ʲô˲ˣɱУɣʡ鷳
٣
٣߾㻹ʦ֣
񾵣
#һжǾӱ˹#


168 
۾ž˵⻰ ˵֮Ǽ޻ڸ֮⣬ּ˾䣺ʦѵˣ ǰ粶Ҳˣ ʦƣЩ˼ʦ˿ݣ ޼ɵôߣ ȥʵڲͳ
粶
ãȻ һ˭
ǰȥʮɽѰؾʱһˣ ǼŮʱһƼţ粶Լ켫ڲμ 粶ҪΪūΪ澣 ߣ˵ҪĶ飬ֻǵʱôһǰŽ뿪
ǽʦҪˡ
Щʱշ˲飬 ٸǵûôˡ
΢΢򴽣 Щʦ֣ 㻹Ůӣ
ó⿴ȴ÷޶ЩʦŮŵӣ ǰҪ̷ ˾ܾˣ ŸŵĹأ Ҳأ ŵӲͥ
ǡǡ
εЦЦҲŮӡ
ˣˣͷʦţȷʵЩΡ
ԼɫЩŷŻʦܣ粶һŵҸҽͷ˽ͥڵ֮Ů֪ûԵ˼ʲôŮ֮꣬ǲֶε£˭ں⼸
ʵĻҲûеƽ̺ʦԼû֪پ˵̫ˣСһ䣺ʦ֣ҲˣʵǸ粶ֻ뱨Ҷѣһˡ
ΪԼһ䣬ԭһЩ仰üͷ
룬Щ˲ŻŴ⡣
ǴΧߵĽǶʱηرСԻ񣬶ȰȴִԲ򣬼ΪЩֻ롮
ʵҲȷʵЩơ
ľʦ̫ˣЩʦʲô˼أŮҲǼˣﲻ
ϵͳʱ佱뷨ǳ
ǰֻһ˵뷨⡣
˿Լ뷨⣬ֻǿɫЩ̫ÿ׺ʦֹϵȽ׽ת˻ͬʦ˵öԣçײˣʦַģֻҪҲԸ˭Ҳҵĺô
԰ұߣЦ磬Ϊʲô𣿡
ٹûлش⣬ֻɫǳĿǰһЩǺõġ
٣
λϹǿƳһۣŽſڣϲ
ٹٹͷ֮βֻ֪ħΪ谮ֱħĴǡ黨ǲݲеġ
ϯЩĪ
ϣٹͬһ䣬ҲԵĻȽ˵ȴô˵ԿʦֵİЩ
ѣϯֻЩεش˸
ῪЦ
û㿪Ц˵ĻӦ谮㣬ȴҲǺ޵ߡ
ٹɫӦҵ˼

ϵ֮ɫֱˡ
˸Ů߶ˣ·ʲôŭԹе£ʲôҲû
ϯ촽ü䷺ЩίɴʲôҲ˵ˣЩڳ룬Ŷ߷һ˳Ĭ
ԳƵУֻԶ;ֻصš
ƽ͵õϢεûɫյġѡҲһҪЩġ
˲ſɽţڳϵķپͿ˵ɽſڵƽ̺һɳǡ
˶Сڡ
Сھ޴һʮֲ͵̬˳ܵɿ쳯ƽ̷ȥ
ƽҲһȰ¶ЦݣСڲաȻһһʵڲ̫Եȡ
СڻǺܻӣһΧƽϿհ˼ȦȷٷԸ㳯ɽԼСӷȥ
ó׼ϯ
ˣ赱治ˡ
ĬĬ񻷣飬¶һ˿Цݣڶ೤Ϻ͵ǵעԾ³ܣ켫ڽ֮ãΪŮպŹ㿪ϯ׽߽Կء
֮áǿ˵ҲǸһӣʵϴҶѾ֪Ѿ׳Ƴպ켫հ֮ŦҲϵĳ⣬ֻǲ֪ΪûгΪϯŮˣΪϯŮ
һ磬ĿⲻⶼЩ졣
ֻ켫ƽɫ糣ƺԷٵϰߣһӣáԶȸԻȥϢ˰˵סߵǰ
ֻܿʣ¼ԭأ١ٹƽ̡ƽ̡
ϯûͬ˵òͬٹһЦл
ٹ˶ûʲôȤֻһۣһЩĪĻҲسˡ
ʧǰ
ƽ̵ǼһĻЩ˸ƺЩߣٺħǿߵĹϵвͬ
ֻѾҲˣҷħϵãλħ֮谮Ҳʵ
˿˵ʲôʱ˵Ļƽûκô
˼ˣƽʲôҲû˵ֻЦ켫ƽ¶һЩӲЦݣ΢˹֣֡
շΪŮı֣ûƽһ岮ֻϾʵûʲô壬ƽҲǼ鷳£Ȼ켫ƽ̣ȴҲһλƽ̼ǿߡ
ԴҶĬûѡ
պȻôԣЩƽҲ˹֣֡
Ǽ񣬷ٲƽ̣Ǳһˡ
켫ƽû⻰ӣֻһۣЩƮƮģҪΪŮ

ߵߣʮִȰλʦõļЦҶԺһʣʮϲԾΪŮ常պչˡ
΢ͷʲôֻϥƽһ
켫ƽüͷҲûͬ˵ʲôֻԷٵһĹ˼ࡣ
٣
ϯԼǲǺ˷壬ȻôһһΣΪ˸Ů
ƳԸġŮͦõİ֪Ϊʲôʦ常綼̫ϲ
켫ƽɫȻ̫ƣ΢΢Ʋ죬Сֹһ䣺ȢǾͿˡ
⻰󣬲ڳ˶ˡ
ȵʦܵĵȻ׾񡣡
켫ƽ̷˼ɵʲôĵģĵغܣб°ѻǸҲȢˣǰǸСӣ檳ȺȺֲ
ϯû˵ʲôѾüƽ̣ɶϷ
˵ҲһСòҵģԺ¹һҲҪֽкء
ǷҲԿƽ˼
ϴκò׸ٷֿˣһ𣬽עҪ¹һľȻ˼ˣ˶֪ȥĶƽ̾öûˣֵ檳Ⱥ
ƽлԹֻⷬѼ˵öΡ
ɫ΢Ĭһֱͷƽܾ켫ڵķΧԼЩһȻǷˡ
˭˭ΣȻϯЩϵ׵塣
ƽһճĬ˲٣ãٲ常⼸ûʲô°ɣ
㻹ң

켫ƽ̶ͽ֮ǰı֮ЩҲû
ϯߣֻƲƲ죬ֹҲû˵Ļ˵ڡ
켫ƽֵ̺ܿѩŮף˵㹼Ǽ飬ò˼ֲܣͥͷӣǰ°غܣǰҲͬҴѶ˵иãò䡣Сӣ֪֪Щʱս˶߰ĴѶСŵģ˵˵׼ŮɸԺ˵Ҳøٰ졣
پóͣЩ϶ɣ
᣿ƽЦһҪҪѴѶ㿴Լ

ðɣ֪ƽΪʲôôԹˡ
ʦǰĻȻˡ
ʶߵ϶ԷҲͻȻ̧ͷĿϣʮƽ׼ȻԸ̷ңΪ˲赹ˮ
ЩΪѣԲΪΧ
Ȼϯû˿Χĸоһξ̫Ҳʲôô
͵͵˿ڿˮٴЩ˿켫ƽ̣ЩͰ͵常
켫ƽ̶һż˸ۣǵ׿켫ڵӵķϣЩ˱ؾˣΪ֮ǣ´УԼǡ
õĺõġ
æͷ˳˾䣺û˸ʦ𣿡
ֻһ䣬Ϊճ˵켫һ˫ܣôףûû˸ʦףʦͷɲС
ɾһ䣬ǵͬʱɫ䡣
£ʦǺ⣿
ƽҲջôûУľϴʲôԼ
СؽŲ˽ϡ
ȴֻƽ˲ڡ
Ҳִܶˡ
ƽ̴ԼѰ˻ᣬѵ˶ٯٯ⣬˲֪ˣ㵹ã˼ҲĽ㣬Ͱ˴ˣƤЩҲס
·ٻǵһ˵̾׷ʵʦ֣ô£
ɫƽԵºͣûʲôŮĻˡ
˵Ļ쵱治Ǹݴʣʵ
ۼƽɫЩѿٵԳʦ֣Ůӹ֣ʦֶϲˡ
¶һǳǳЦ
һĻ켫ƽѪҪ嵽ˡ
ȻѲǵһηѾˣֻڿƽЩעǣ΢ѹ֣ˣԺٵ±㶼ÿɺã
ƽĿˡ
ǳˣպȻҪٵ½ͲߥλģٿɲǽպĶӣҲ켫ڵĵϵ
ɫ̫ԣ켫ƽ̷Ц켫ɰٴһеġ
˵ŷ٣ѵ¶ЦݣСӣԺСڣԵİˡھ򡢻Ҫװ桢ܡ£֪˭ˣ
̾һ֪ˡ
ƽ̿Ȳ֮С
ܺá
켫ƽ䵭ļ򣬱ԽȥȻˣеġұۡͽˣȥСڲ㣬Сӣúøɡ
˵뿪ûͣ
ֹƽЩ֮ɫٱ˶ȥıӰЩŵԼոձƽĹļͬӵʦ֣常𣿡
ƽôãôôأ
Ӳδ£ֻԨͬ˵ƭʦܡ
治ҸþȻôͻȻƽҪȨˣ
һϲſƽ̺Ҳϲ࣬Ҳ۳Ͷ٣ȻȥϢ˵ɣסͥȥִԺһԺӡ
ǡ
񣬲źƽһͬ뿪
ֻʣ·ٺͽڻͥ·ϡ
죬ȴڶݵ֮ɫЩĮͷһһߺСʦܣ˷ƽ˵Ļ
ʦʵ̫ҫۣŮŮʸմȾĹâ
ϲָо
ɫ΢˼һ뼴ȨĿֵķٲûע⵽쳣
˲ߵͥڴͻȻסֱۡ
ٽŲһ٣ʶԼסֱۣ˷ܵɫȴһЩЦʦ֣ôˣ
΢һ䵭ͻȻЩš
û˵ڷЩ½һսǡ
ʦܡ
˿˫סļͷΪ֣ص㡣
ϵ˷ܶϣãȻͽӲ㡢˵ʲô
㡣
ٴظһ飬ÿһֶʮ޴Ӷܡ
ϯǲȴ֪˵ʲôãֱԶڽ󷽿˼ͬԭءŴ졢¶𾪵Ӱ
ͥĪ½⣬ӽ˲ŵؿ·׹С
ϸǼôһ𣬻һĻæԽЩεͬǽ͵ǸʦֺҿЦأǱᰡΪ
û˵꣬ԭߵĽתߵߣɫƽס䵭û˿źΡ
£
л˵
٣ʦˣҺʹ࣬Ҹô޵ظʵֱġ
ĺ̫࣬Ҳô
٣
ˣزˣѹֽʦһҲ֮λԭʦֱˣƽ̣Ϣƽ֮λҵģϢ㳹׾ˡ
ƽ̣
#ʾϯɽĴϢ١#


169 
һӼžš
ɫҲͬ
ͥţ ЩãЩ˵
ĪȻָġ
ԵľȺͽţ Լײ˲˵飬 ֲ֪ζ档
½һʼŴͣܿ͵ͷ⣬ иԼ ǧҪ˵ ΪҲʲôŮ
ֻн𾪹̲סʵ ˵ʲô
١֮ĸû˲֪ˣϯӹϵҲ˲֪˲ǰݵֹһʱìܣ ˵ǷĿɳ Ҳ˵Ϊͷ֮ĸ⣬Ҳˡ
ٺٺãжֵܵĹϵ˭Ҳ롣
ȴһĻһ䡣
 ͬ˵ 
һ˲ֻѣ ֪κƽ̽
ȴȻĿû˿Ž Ӳķ٣ ʦ޹ء
Ǽ֮˼ž
Դǵˣ ôΣ ֮޹ص½߶Ų
ԭƿϯ˿ȴ˻֮С
ɫӲ ɫ̣Ժкϵͳеôô죡ˣϵͳˣȻϲˣǾӵӰ컹뷨Ҫôƽ֪˲ŪҰɣ
˺һϵͳƽϲҲⲻ㱾Ůˡ
ϯһͣƽȻȴֳⲻŮûˡ
֪ϲ١ˣˣˣ
ȫͬķ
ҽ֮ǰôֵϣҲ񾵵Ӱ죬˼汻Ӱ죬˿ûо죬Ͼǰ
ٶʱԼԼĸоȻ
ȻϯͷԷ籩ʱʵո
һ䡮ʦ޹ءлɫţԱ½СһεЦЦҡֻ·ʵʲôҲûʦ֣Ҫ뿪ˣǡ
û˵꣬㱻ϡ
עǰʦãȻ޲
֮£޲ɸˡ
˼˵Ҵţձײ˵ȥҲ޷
½⻹ûش𣬽ѾеУ
žĿɨˣҧ²ܴȥ
΢壬ֵûƽ֪˻Σ
ƽҪ֪¾Ͳôˣֻ¾Ҫѵɱջˮ˵Ҫǣ
ڴͷԷ籩лعķҲ̵ԣʦ˵öԣƽ֪
¶һ˿Ϊ֮ɫͬ˵ʦ֣ңһûǹ⣬ҪԺ˵
ٵŪ׽ֱĻĲܿһ׶ε顣
ãҲǿЩΪ֮ɫ΢΢˵ͷá
ȷ˿ֵʦЩʸ֮ԶЩҲ˵⻰
ֻڨЦ
ŵ˵һӶû顪Լֵܸס
ñСײˡ
ûмҪֵ˾֪ٻ˿Ҳǡ
֮ǰ⼸λɫʦʦã룬ϯƽ֮¡
ʲôҲû
һ˵ľȻǹʦܡ
ɫ̹֣ʦֶֻ֪֮Чʦ֣ԵĶʦֵ˽£ҲҹܣֻʲôҲûʲôҲû
ֱ׼Сܷԣٶ⡣
ֿСܡ
ͥȻüͷ˼ȴ֪ʲôĪɫ·һ˱˺;ֻһ˲·𿴵λʦһȼɻҡ
żУĪʦܺ֡ĸ飿
ʱҪλʦܶలЩȥ棬ʶһЩʦʦãҲͻῴˣֻǺ̫࣬ûü
Īô·˵ԭʦҲǲܽͬԣֻ˲ѡ
˵ʵҲͦεġ
ٲ֪ҪôͣǸֱġ
ǽɫ죬ЩĪʦܣ»㲻Ҫ˵ȥ
Īûֻۿŷ٣ŵʦ֡ԭҲϲӣ𣿡
٣
ϯʶҲǡ
ʦֻϲŮӣΪδʦݣ
⻰Ҳûأֻһ˲Լʦֵݣ˿ȣɫ΢Īʦܣң
ĪĿһѸҡͷûУֻǡ
ҧŴǣָǴӺ伷Ļ
ҡҲϲʦ֣Ҳʦ֣Ϊʦ֡Ӳۿң
ǰһĻȴ֪ԭʦֲǲݸ飬ֻǲİˡ
ǱȲϽʦ֣ûٹûҫ۹âҲû⣬ﶼףǲġ
ԵҲںˣֱӱô˵˳
ͻıףվԱߵĽ½ٴס
½Ǿýղ˳УһˣôҪܣʦйء
ĿȴЩĪŷ٣ߵĪʦܣҪ֪֮
ȻҲӶԷʲô飬һشʦܣʦ᣿
ǷʵڱĪľĿˣѵ⣬æͻʦϢŭĪʦֻЩִֶѣЩʱȥߣҲͺˡ
άһ䣬Ī¡
üͷ𣬰ֻŲߣû˵ʲô
ĪĿȻ׷٣άԼȻȼ⣬ĬĬͷȴࡣ
ٲĽɨʹףϷٵƣϯ쿴ʱȴֻ㿪ڣʦܾҵʦܣһúôǡ
ϯһ£Цŵͷš
ϵͳԺѵ֣ǾһСһ
ɫһʶֳ˳ֲɫԱŲ˰벽
Խûʲô˫޶˺üˣЩӴȫʲôɹؼǷٰƣϲ˭еĻŮģ͸˫˰£ȻֺףòὭǸصаɣ
˼תܾرֵĸо֪ôԡ
żľٶеʱϰûע⵽Ҫ汻˿ˣҪ𶯣
ƽĲ͵͵
еûģϯһ˸ϵʲôǲòһľᣬڷȡ
Ҳ֢ỹ澵ϡ
֮ӵĲԾǴ澵ӿʼġ
ϯ˿һҪЩҵ澵ӵټ
ɨɫļˣ˵£ô⣿
Ųſǣ֡ϯ޶ԣֳƵļӿ½ʦ֣ǰ˸һɵģŻ
ΪͷٹϵãµҲǢ࣬رǾ˸ϴ½⣬ż⼸λʦҲнʣϵУиˣġ
ԭˡ
˵㣬ǶԼһŵˣǻȥɣҲҪȥˡ
ᣬصǿһ䣺һؾٸ󣬽ʦֻ󡣡
Ȼ仰á
˳ʦܺĪʦܣ˶ղĿ⿴ǣ֮뿪
ˣƳûλʦܣûǻʲô
Īʦְ£ȻɫһֱЩãĳʦ뿪
ٰüģֻ̫ѨʹҲûҺʦֶ˵ʲôһ̱ˣֻ½վԭأȻıӰ
л˵
٣ǸлǽǸУ
ϵͳ԰ϵͳں
٣
#ڿιСڵƽ̣춼#


170 һЦ
ٱΪ¾ôȥˡ
Ͼײµ˶ˣ Ҳ˽⣬ڳȥ˵֪ΪΣ ˰ʱ֣ ﾹȻЩԡ
˵ӺϯʲôĹϵǹڷһ˵ԡ
˵׳־ ͼ̲£ һ¾ǹɺ󹬣 ֮ŮУ Դ£ŸڣһΪŮ ʵΪ̷֮ˡ
٣
֪˭ô׵Ļ 켫ھȻвˣϾɽţ֮ŮĽҲģʦԸĮ顣
ڻвٵӰв²ʦֵĵ˭
֪ Ůɫ檡Ҳ ֻһˡ
ǰҶ֪ϯλ Ѿֿˡ
ҲԽԽס
ڶϷʱѾв˿ʼ͵͵Զ˭һУ ߣ ġ
ȻΫi趩飬 Ϊϣ ˻û顣
ϾǷϯ׷Ůˣ ˾Ҳпܡ
٣
⵽˭ҥԣֱڻϿ
׵켫ƽ̵ιСڣټŸϣ˷ٺͽȵһɵϵӻһã˵Ҫ֮¡
Ϣ𼱻ǵظϵӦȻ˫۾Ŀߵ룬ڱ㱧Թ常˭ҥ˵ôףӰҵ
켫ƽ̽պͬ
һɫۣһԲΡʡ֪ʲôڰ棬ɫҲԵɢ࣬գ˸òͽˡ
ٳ״üۿһ£ִĶЩ˹
Ҳҥԣ㲻ȻҪеΣȻˣ֮ҲӦõġ
٣
ϯƳΧĬȺֿɫްЩüӣ̲סǰߵ̨֮£ͷƽ̣Щ˵֮ǰ𣿡
˭
켫ƽЦһڷȻƽôԼմǲݣ˼ҶףֲԸˣҿЩʱճÿȥһλҲȫ˼ҵĺġ
úܸߣƽֵСʲôԸģŴĽ֮Ů֮ˣ㻹Ը⣿
Ҳǣֻǡ
ٻûô˵ܴƽ̵뷨ȴʦȻǰסֱۡ
жʱһɲԤӿͷæʦ֣ҡ
ֱĿ⵭Į켫ƽ̣ƽȴ
ʦܲȢЩŮˡ
ƽüͷü޹ء
ӣһһʦܡ

һ˲žڵϵ
Ŵ죬ԭֻЩɫ𽥱ı׳
ƽ̣Ȼ켫ƽס׹һ㣬òŵ㡭˵ʲô
뿪һ£ȴֵʦܣԸˡ
ƽãڼžĵвŰ㡢ǡ
ָŽͷٵָЩΪ޷ȫ壬ɼ֮ӿ
ֻǰһڣǰ;ǣ̽͵ᣬʦֺ㿪Цأôܡ
͸ֿΪ£
ƽ̲˵꣬ʳ·ǰ벻׵¶һˡ
쳣֮ǰͬ˵һЩи뿪ա
պ֪ʲô
ǰϲգø䲻ԼĶӣȻһ̣޲ðѸ
¶ǻˮջˮջˮá
ƽؿھָָǰ죬ͻȻһȥ
Χλæȥĸˮĵˮķ𣬺һŽ
ʵҶ֪ǿ׳رƽΪʣԼֻǲԸʵˡ
ȻҲ⡣
˵ƽ̣ҲţӺϯ֮úõֵ龹Ȼ
ѹָҪԶݣѹ֮λܹãѹϯƽ常ӲñŤԭһڰ˹
˶˵Щʲôǵȴ졣
ʲôģĿȻѷ˸׶͸
Ҳǰٿƽ̣λһֻͷ۵üģͬʦ֣㲻˵ġ
ȴ޶ݣҲں˵Ŀ⣬ֻѵʦȢЩŮӣʦܲںֻҪʦûжۣܻ˼ʤ
Ҳûġ
ʵڲ֪˵ʲôá
Ϊ׵̫࣬͸˼ǸУֱ׺òã
ɻѾ˵꣬ƽҲ֪ˣ˿ЩҲûʲôãٳһֻ̾ѹ֮׼ô죿
ǵ޹أںĿ⡣
еģ
£ЩͷۣظС
ӱͳЩеʹ⣬ʦСϲ֮𣿡

ٲ֪ôش
ȴĬ֮ٴε˭ʦܴɸңûУʦҲ޹أʦܱ߸ң˵ǲŵġ
ֱӶøڵķ
ϯҲ֪ôͻȻôˣ죬ûȻЩҵΣüͷҶ㡭
û˵ֵ꣬£ʦзң𣿡
£еһ³ڶϣȻЩȷȴٿԿ϶ʦܲǶ޸飬¹¡
ռ֮أȷʵռġ
Ҳǽͬô˵Ҫԭ
йֻܣȴʱʱ̶̿ҲֻţֻΪ
ȴֿĿ⣬ٲŲߣ֪˵ˡ
ʵܺͽ˫޼ԽȻǲܵģڷٶԣܡᡢ顢ݡ츳ƥԳΪ£ûʲôҪ춯ؿ̹ĵĸ飬ֻºʼᡣ
һ֪ǲǸıȡ
ʼջҪٹĸܣٹ֮ǰ˵ʱڲС
ΪįҸǲΪͬΪ£ٹվžܾٹãתͷͽһڴһϹߵ
᲻߳ŭҲҿ϶ƽֺ޷죬ʵΪ˴¶һ²濼ص£һǺ侲ġ
ȥܡ
ҪͽһҲҪٹ˵ãȷ߳ŭźá
ֻһ˲µǰ˼£˿һƬҲͬʦ֣һ±ɲ̸۸飬֮˵º𣿡
˵ͷߴ٣ֻȻħ
ʲô
Ϊλħ֮𣿡
ЩȵؿһɵûЩԥȴ˵ͷ
ɫˣȴû˵ʲôֻͬˣʦܷģ⴫ԵһλУʦܱ˵Ϊʤ䷳ŵԲŹô˵ԾЩ˼Ե
¶֮ɫ
⻰ɲʦֻ˵ģɫ棬ϯһ£ɤӣʵʦ֣ܲһ£Ǵʲôʱʼ顭ȿȣʲôʱʼϲתϲϲң
ѡĸ˵˿ڡ
ȴôΣ¶һ˿Цݣ΢ЦȻǴԭʦһ̿ʼ

Щͷԡ
ԭ£
ʲôʱֹ֮ǰ»һʱŤ𣿿˺Ҳûܰ
ȴ˵ʲôЦ
ԭ¡Ȼеġ
񾵴϶п̽Ҳһ˲ͽѰҳġ࡯֮Щ죬񾵴ѰҳϸڣһһӦǰעĶȷ֤ݣ¶ƻ졣
ЩﲻעĲ𣬺¶ǰ࣬˵δȻǲܵġ
ƭÿ˵ԭ£οƭ
ҲŭҲֹΪʲôʦҪƭҪʹһƬŢȴϹۡ
뵽Щ׽ʱΡ
ƭģЩ飬ЩȰοģҲġ
̣ٶһڵشϣˣƽ̲ìʱҲûȰƽΪУֻ˵һûиҹ
ǸӵģŶԣкҲлԼҲˡ
ƭʱҲṲ档
Щ˺ܶ࣬뵽ǰĺáǰʹ࣬ʹǰһ׻ˣʦܴС΢ĩ
˭˶Ѵֻٹļ꼸ױݣǷСҲ˶
ʦܣҲ֪ʦܵѴûЩֻǵˡ
һвס
վҲûΣûͬ˵
˲ľ档
һУٶֻǲʦֵı仯ʦֻǺǰһƽ⡢΢
˵Ŀ˵ʵҪٹջҲں˶壬˵ϲˣϲһͷҲû˸˵ʲô
˼ˣϯƽࡣ
ЩҵĵУ೤϶ȥοƽˣȴЩͬʦһЦ
л˵
ƽ̣ΪѾһУ԰ˡ
٣ͻȻһ⣬ڿ϶ףһ˼Һʦ˭ô죿
㹥
٣¶Цݣѽѽ
ƽ̣ǰһڡ
#ϯǸҪӵ#


171 ̽
У ˵ЦЩʱˣԷٺܿ˱飬Ҳڳɫ ͳһյƽߣ ̾Ҫͦס Ųһ Ϊ ڻƽ̣ ҪŵΪ㹻źá
Ż˿켫ƽֱ̲ιȥ
Աߵ϶ЩȥˣЦſڣ˵ɡ
õĺõģ Ұοƽء
ڸһ䣬 վڵɫƽʦ֣СʲôҲû˵
ǽ˵һ仰û˵˵ƽҲεġ
켫ƽ̴Լֹ Ŵλ һſ࣬ ҧгݵ׼бɱң ʲôҶˡ
˵ָŷٵ㣬 ̸顣
ƽһҪɢǵģ ÷ЩΡ
԰常ı ̾úúã 鶩飬붩ͶвУľͺãˣӶ໮λ
һ߽Ҳ̨ףͬΪƽ̸˸ȴƽʦЦײطϡ
켫ƽľһ㡣
ȡΥ׵»ģǷ˶޶ԣɵϸ˼ҵ
ǰǸò׽˸𣬽ϲˣϲ١
ζ˼ҡ
Ҳǵʲ֮ˣƷͬ˿УƫƫҪ׽ˮôǸŮӣСӡǿǸħ
ûбԩֵĸˡ
ЩʱСľһ֮ȫɢ˸ɾ
ƽԼܼʼʱ򣬴Ϸַ⣬Ȩһĥʯѵһۣоٶ࿴ſһۣС
˺һƽԭӷ·һ˲ʮ꣬ǰϣ૵ӣϱʲô
ô᣿
ıʹϱӿ϶ǻ˲ٸȻôܵһ˫ܣȥʣ֪жԸĸӸء
ƽ̧ͷ򴽽ǣɱ˵Ŀⶢ
ټ״æúúãϱ
ϯĵĺʱܻкܴЧȻЧһġ
ƽҧϱſڱӣҪɱ㣡
˵ֳ̧ץ
ϯһ̱ܿ˱ߵ޹أֻǼ밲ο䣬ôĵ¿ηΣ
Ա೤϶סƽ̣ȰƽϢŭᣬ˵ҲеģƽǧҪͬһʶ
켫ƽһڳ֮˺һŻ¡
ҲǰˣֻվϣηηšģЩ֮̾ˡ
켫ƽĿɨڽϣڳЩ
бΪңʱʲôҲܲˣ룬Ѱ³ס
û⻰ʲôֻƽ֣ǡ
ԽϲɫˣԲ³뷨
Ҳ²ʦҾôЩ˼Ҳ޷ƽƽɤӣ˵£ƽ̣֮ʵڲɣ˵̽̽̽ʵҲδ֪£Ժ˵ӲΪŵȴ޷ԼĻΪħ̫ӡ֮±ضҪõħ֮׼˭޸ңȥħһ˼ħ֮
ܾķǱʲôá
ƽҲȥħ̸֮λħϲŭ޳ɲΪٵԭǿһһãû̸ãȴĹˡ
ƽȻޱ飺㣬Լǲ˵ȥظ
ȷٿ飬㿴ͬգգۡ
ϯᣬ˵˼
û˵ʲôһ˵Ե
˵֮վ˳ЩԥƳϯһۣǿڵ֮񣬿ɻҪھУ
ԭ˵֮Ⱥۼֻ֤ǺֶһЩʣͲȷ
ŴԣƽҲ˵ֻ΢΢̧̧°ͣʾʷ٣
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پ꣬Ҳû٩һŮԵõ£룬ֱӻ˾䣺磬ҪǺͽһ𣿡

ôòƢϯڶû˸ҳƵһ
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172 
̹Ҳ̹ ϯôȱµһˡ
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˼ó˴Ѷ ͶЩĿ⣬⴫Ѷɫһħġ
ټĿЩɫ ЦŽͣħѯһЩ˽£ µġ
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ˣħ֮ôһʲô
ϯǺһЦûʲô ǹһҵĻ֮£ Ҳ֪ ұϾǡħ̫ӡ

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С˵ӣ װһʵڲ֪ʲôʧķܿˮ
ʵڲ˵ Щ֮£ ϣ ƽ¶࿴һԼ̲סŭ ŶǱɢˡ
ٷŽӽĴѶһֱ춯һҲûֻƽ½غʦĿһ߳ſڡ
ɸոߵſ»ӦǼԣǰһ
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żλħǿߵɫ Ҳܲ³֡
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ټˣԵñЩʦˣ ʦ޹ء
ٹ֮䱾޷ƽ⣬ ע£ЩĳЩҲЩٹںΪһ ٲܡ
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Ȼܶ飬Ϊβܶ
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ϵȻԺʵܰٹ񵱳ɺͽһԴϯʵҲЩϧ
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174 
Ϊħ ϯȵһ·˻ȥ
ɫ̹ȻСϣ û˿ܻ˼
ĵ֮ǰӦУ һĻ¶ղĿֻЩĵ ܾӺϯ֮Щ֡
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Ȼƽϯļͷŵ磬 ׷䣿
һЩɸֵ뷨 㰮ĽŮӺͱ˲岻Ĺϵ Լ޷ͻԾˣ㾹Ȼ˵ʲô׷䣿
ʦ˺ܶ࣬ 㲻̽һʱ뷨 ֪Ŀ
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񾵲ûסƿڴ ǵԼڻڽʶ ںľʦܡ
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Ҳ˼ƣ룬һʱ֮ʹʦСƣȻҸЩҪİ취

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зʱԻԾʧ٣ͽ䡣
˭Ҳ̽λʵ뷨ֻܿıƽһѹķС
˶˵ٹѪ飬վֻ¶Ǹ˵Ц绨·ȫµᶼϣһϾȴȿڣˬ죬һϡ
ٹĮֱǰգǽȴŨħᣬһŲѪĺɫâ
ǹâʼģͬļ䡣
л˵
٣ôˣһ˺öأȹЩӴҶ֪Ǿ춯صɰޣȻݺͶҡοңñο˵顣
#ʲôǼٵģ#
#ϯԾ#
#ϾȻаΪᣬΪһ#
#ҪǸϣȥʮ˸Сţð氮#
ߣ۾˵ӦǾ仰ϲ⡢װˣȻͻ֣ᷢҲᰮ㡣


175 һｵһ
һߣ ϯ֪ħ˿̷Χأʮɣƽ֮ȥ켫ƽ̡
ƽ̱뿴 ֻҪһ ƽ̾ͻӦʱô˵ף ÿ뵽һ̣ 켫ƽܻǰһڡ
֡Ӿʹڶرŷ
ƽɴˣ ͷһ
 Ŀûˣֱӽϯ֮⣬ĮȻ
ϯûš
׼ŵͣϣ ˶٣ Цڰţ
˭
켫ƽǽЩʱմ̼̫ˣ⻰ͻȻͥԺ Ժţ ߵǰ ˭Ҹ㣬ͽ˶жԶԶҿǣ ҽվ
ϯ㶣 ͻƢŪЩĪ ί ҿһֱʦֵ翴 ʦַҪϲңôԩңֲҵ¡
պҧ
Ҫĺòã
˻˻ˣ
һſԵЩֵº˵أҪȥһ壬꼵ҲڵЩʱһƽ̣ΪߣʹûܿסģѾˡ
켫ƽûлشֻ̫⡣
Ҳں
ƽӦû㲻ˣնѣҲǵһˣûʲô˵ġ
⣬ֱӺƽѿݣֻ޵Խˣѹʦÿĺӡ
˵ʲô
Ȿһ佱Ļƽ̶Ȼʲôûָſŷ٣ʵûסƽһ־ҳЦӣӽҪ㡣

ϯɫһſתܣܻߵˣң켫ھûм̳ˡ
˭ƽ̵ĽŲˡ
ûЦ㣬ҿأôô䣿
ƽ̣ƽҴˣ
켫ƽ̴Լʵͣ˳ۣӲŷһ١
ûۿһӡǡ
һŸ첲ȣһаԸ̣ƽﳤȥ֮ת߽˽
ָŸ첲ȣϯίͬʦֿߣʦ֣ҷȥƽƽ̵飬ҲһԽˣƽ̾ͷ˷һ㣬Ӳһ٣㿴Ҷˡ
˵ŻӸϵЩ࣬ȸһϵˣֻǽ⶯ײ̫ŹۣԻǷˡ
˵ʼüͷֱֿۣƤǳʮۣɫ΢٣ʦĪ£ȥƽ̡
ֵˣ鲻ãҲеģ䲻ƽ̵ӣҲö̷ݼ֣ʦ֣㵱ûҹ㡣
˵Ҫߡ
ļͥԺ£ͬ˵ŵĹأдӦãƽҲԵ޹Ź˵ӣΥŹأʦȥȥͻء
ϯһ˫ˮĴС¹һ㿴ԵСֿӼֻ֣˵ͷ
ͷɫ䵭ת뿪
뿪󣬷ٱתϵ˱Ĳڣͬϵͳ˵ƽƮˣȻ̫裬Ȼͻţ衮֮ȡȡ
΢̾һϯ½ǣɫָаϯģʩʩȻ߳ʦֵԺӡ
ҹ˵ֱƽһ٣ԭ⣬Ȼȥƽ̷˵ƽ̷˵೤ϵ켫ƽһ٣ͷ
ûۼţĿµĵ˵ƽͬ˪˵һ㣬ƽ̷ǰֱˡ
ϯΪ𺳣֪λߵ˭ˡ
Ȼһｵһ
ڶʱټƽ̣ٱֻƽſ֮ɫǰôŭ⿴ȴһˡ
վߣĸ׳أĸϲѹˡ
Щ죺ƽ̷˲⡢㡭Ǹ𣿡
ʵǽôǰͬ׵¡
ʦ¶ǳ΢ЦʲôֻǺºͣĸײδͬҲδԣĸײϲǨŭˣ±Ͳʦ֮ʦܷģĸ׺úѵ˸һ١
ٿĿˡ
ƽ̵ĺôѹ쿴ƽûʲôɫȴѿˣԭŽѵһ١
ƽ̷˵ʮܲǨŭ˵ʵں٣رɽ硣
˷ʮָпͬ˽ʦ֣ǸüˣѹƽƣͷͬһʱҲϲ
źʦ׽Щȫûо仰ʲô֣ˣҲû˵ʲôֻͬһЦ
ʶеͻȻڣʦܡĺϲŮӣĿǣ㸸һ㣬ƽҲûԼŮӿ

ĬʶвŴЩĮ졣
ȴȻЩģСֹ֮ʵʵˣʦܱˣҿɵСЩٹͬûʲôϵˣɻأʮɽ꼣׽㲻ϤˣеŮĶУǰϲģϸ룬׷ĵʱȶˡ
ȻЩ磬˵ĵҲʵ
Ϊͼ񣬷ٻصȥȪؾǧȡڤɷˡ
΢ʲôҲû˵
񾵼Ҳ˻ٿڡ
ֺͽ˵ʲôٲãҪ֮Ļô˵λʦܵմǲݡΣӷЩ˼𽥰Ųһ顣
ҲڽУԼҲ֪ʦܾǸϲմǲݵӰɡ
ʶ˳ţʵУȻº΢Ц˷ҲͲ֪ʦԼרһ𽥱һģȡ
ͽ˽˼䣬£в˿ǣ㲻˵̫ࡣ
ܿ˵Եˣǰƽ̣ҲҪȥһʮɽḸѰЩӦǲľ֮飬ƽ̾ںɽһƬԹľ֮Ϣ
⻰Ѿ켫ƽ˵ˣ˿˵ġ
гʵḸǣ
ٲǡħ̫ӡ
ҹ꼻λǰǰӦú˵
ЦɨһȦֵ˵С޸ĸĺΪңҶ˼λĸҵλģ꼸չأλħá

˽ԼǶôе졣
ȴںǵľ죬ֻƽ̹֣УȥٻأʱҲЩСƽ̴Ϊ͡
켫ƽϺֻޱͶûвĿ⣬·һѹ뽫ͱԴ
ȻϯȻУᣬЦ紺
л˵
٣ҳҿ㣬㻹ҵһûиҹ𣬵ҡ
ƽ̣
#㾿мõ#


176 ˼
ƽ̡Ӧ֮ ͬʦ߳Ӧ¡
ƽ̳ĬԶĬϻǾܾ޹ˣȫĬϡ
ʮֺã ԭݷһƽ̷ˣ лʦ˵ƽ̷⼸£ ֻ² ա
֮ϯֻһµʦʦǣ ֮ ׼š
Ҳ£ǰõΪŮĵʱȡˡ
ǰƽ̵⡣
Цͬ˵ʦ֣ β ʱʮɽЩݻһϲ
ɫû̫ĲֻĬһ˲Ҳ¶΢ЦʦܹϲҸΪ常 ôӲʦܻĸΪĸ֮ƣ ̫Щ

ü¶һ˿ɻ
⻰ʵڲ˵ģ ɼɫ糣ºֻͣһ䣬 ϡ
룬 ЦΪ˿̫̫ᣬ ŵ㣬 ĸױˡ
վڲԶǰձƽ̷֮һֱͳƽĿ䵭ɨ ͣڷϣһҲ֪Щʲô
䱾ǿ佱һŮòᣬⲻǺҶˣҲôࡣ
ϯţҲ̫ˣôĿڣоʱҪ
ѲɽʵǸģֻǴǰɱΣˣ
ֵ˼һ˲ӹûж롣
ϯ֪ǣʶУ񾵺ò״һʮУˣںʲôĸ׵ĳƺİǿ߶ʱ£ڳ丸㸸׸ˣ룬ĸǲǴмӣֻƺˣʱĸ׵ϲãǵδ֮ʱȥΪĸֹ黨ǿƽ̵زأײʾˡ
ϸϸһǰϸڣֳȴʱΪ㣬Ϊ˵λʦԷʾʱ࣬˫޹ỳǸӡһžޡаŮĲѵˣľ㿴͸ģ
ӦǵĪʦܿһݡӰĽˣɲһͨŮӡ
񾵼Ȼ֮ܣȴһֱû˵
ֱ˵Щʱ졣
㿴зҲЩ뷨ʦܣҾ˫ޣΪ˫֮ΪǶаĽ֮飬ʦܱһĮ֮ˣٹεݣħ֮ĳ谮ȣ˸˵ϾͶϣкһΪã
죡
ҿԱ죬
񾵹治˵ˡ
ĿѾﵽ
ٵĿ࣬ΧϢƺҲЩ
Щ΢ĸоգʦ֣
׼ˣȴýЩֵֹģ˵֣ſһ䡣
ӻعصƽ̵סƣȻ΢΢ʦܣĪе
Ŷáá
پֵĸоԽԽǿˡ
ܿͰƴӽĳ˳Ϊƽ̵̫ңҪˡ
һգ·ҲͻȻһ飬ָ΢飬ü΢ԵȴʲôҲû¶ֻȻ£ǵҴѶ
á
ٵͷ
Զƽ̲סȥ˵ûҪȻȥһգ
ɼǲͷˡ
ϯæ˵˵ˣ常һ·ҪúôңҪ͵͵ңһ͸ƽ̷ˡ
¶Щ飬·Ѿסƽ̵ߡ
ֻǷûǸü۽΢ֻע⵽ƽ̣ҲûϣΪƽÿ춼ˡ
˼䣬ƽⲻƣϯæͬʦָް纣ɫкƽһ̤ȥʮɽ֮á
ûʦߣֻʣƽ̺ˣһ·Ͼͷζࡣ
ƽ̿˳ֺۣջˮһ·仰˵
Ҳ⣬ȻеÿڼװϿƣڵغܡ
˻ó̱ࡣ
֮󣬵Ŀĵأ켫ƽֱӰڴǸɽһԲ뿪ط·࿴һ۶Լ̲ס
ٵʮִȵֻͬǲ֪ûС
ƽ뿪֮û߽Լź飬ɫŪЩı˸У˿˿ɤӣ¶飬̤봫С
ǰرãһƬ䡣
ֻصϤĵطֻΣȴؼһ
ĿУϯӣ̾ˡ
ǰȥһ·ˮֱ꼵֮ǰ
ٴµҺٹˡ
ȻЧ̴˳ϻЩ΢Ц
ϯȥ໹˵šίؿ
꼵ٹĸεģѪ顢ԣȻҪҶҪѸء
꼷򣬵ûʲôϧ֮ɫֻǶ𣿡
ˣ
ٴͷԴǡɫ鱾ǳʱұݣҷٲѶϡˣһұʮ壡
΢΢üЦӯ棺Һû˵ħѸ¡
Ѹˡ
ٲ˰ᣬӣѾָƽȥҸ˴֪ҺˣҲˡ
ԭ
Ц⿴һֵۣûɱ㣿
꼵ʲôֶѣֲѰûʲô֮£˷ֿ˻Ҫģҡ
˵ס¶ˣĨᣬʮֶ飺ңϵˣôȵϵˣ
ͬͷҲǣҲѹһɣ
٣
꼵ǲ˵
ϯԶԹ⻰⣬ֺűͬ˵Һѹʹ࣬ҪһݣȴҲʵˣҺһɡ
һⳡϷ꼿ֵ˼͸ʡúôˡ
¶һһ
ٱΪҪ䣬ȴҲ̾˿ȸ㸧˸ķСҲԵһСѹʵ̣˾СѺһϣС֮󷽵ýѡ
˵óϿºֱͣ÷ҲЩϲǿЦ档
ݼֱˡ
ûʲô
ϯͷĽɫίȴУã꼵ҹȻܺá
Ҳĳƺֻٴζ΢΢һЦ
һһǰ߰Ϸ˼̳Ӿơ
𽵹Ϊƣĩ˻Ĺơ
ҵúúó
΢һλľʮֺ档
̾ͶľʵһڣһζҲûУ֭
ͦĿζҲûⶫãʡ͵͵Ƴ
ϯ̾͸һ룬Ϊһ룬ͬҲһڣȻϹʱҶûûһˣܼſήʵȤ
Ҳǰ㿴ҿǺò׿һλ治ϧ̣ҵһǻ

üۣҲûֻ˾룬һڡ
һڸˣٸԼƣżΪȻֻ꼵ҲܸоЩԶ׷ţظһס
ָߣᡢ̬šЦżһڣ󲿷ʱֻ˵Ҳ졣
һ˺üƣ벻Ҳһ̳
һ֮ͻȻЩȡ
ϯʶתƳЩȴоЩʹ
Ȼֿ̧һۣԼһֻ־Ȼʮָͷֿ꼣ЦϷ·ͷ˶Ӱ
̾˿¾룬ָ΢ڷ֯һϸ
̾ɵϣΪʲôоơ
ϯգգۣǰӰߵȻҶҶ֮͸ǹ㣬˷·һĴϣ˯֮֮˺ڰ
ڰǰһͷǷԺͬϵͳ˵ƣҡ
ȻûԺϵͳ

л˵
٣ӣ
꼣лл
##
#ĸκͺĸεݼ#


177 ǲ빴
Ĺ ħ塣
ٹ޵֮⣬ٹϥ£ ʮɽ ޷ڡ
Ǵ꼵أֻܸŷٵɽȴ
޵мž òŴٹЩͳɫΣ
ٹһ£ 򴽵֮⡣
Ѿί˵ˣ ׼ȷ˵ ٿĵغܣһ˶ı˶ûУĵس׼ڶ
Щٹ˵ֱ̫ӣ ħŭ
ȻٹԷٺε˽⣿ٹ˵һ䡮֮⡯ Ѿܲ³ٵĴģˡ
˿̽£Ѻ⣬ת۱㱼ˡ
ٹ֪ǲҪңû
޵ֳã ֱٹ뿪ѯʱ Ŵٹ
Ƶ㣺ȥţ ҡ
ǡ
ٹ¡
޵ٴλָ˳õļž
һߣٴƳĺڰ ۱㿴췱ǡ
գգۣ ͻȻ֮ǰ£ һͦ
ߴºͶԵˣ
ϯתͷȥ Ϳ߲Զ꼡
λϹǿ˫Ժ ΢Цؿҹе׺ϸܷǣЦСѣѻٺЩɡ
Щ;趢һûжŻһܣȻԼڵĵطء
ϸܵĴҶӣ·һϣںܴ󡢺ܸߣҶ֯ʮ־ܣֲƶ޻ϵĸо
ԶһƬĺڰڰżǵĹâ
ϸ۲һŵǣ
档
еϿͷǣż֦ҶӳĻ䣬Ȼ󽫻յߣЩۡ
ֱȫԶϻ
ٿһվһξ룬֮
ףżֲ﷢ĹҹĻʹص
ȷʵܸߣƱգƽﶼվڵͻȻ֮ϣЩķͲ죬ҹɫǳ
ȦĴûʲô֮ģֻصߡ
룬Ҳѧ£˫Ժ󣬿ϵķǣĵͦܵġ
Цһۣ΢΢üһ
ָǴӳĻеĻۣҺ忴ЩƵɫҲ㣬۰㡣
ȴСĵһ䣺ⲻʲôưɣ
ɶļһһʱʱ̵עЩ
Ѱ۶ѣʹһ
꼵ڡϼЩ
ЩԶԣĬ˻ŵʵµģ֪ģж־ķڶŮ˽վ³ˣںò״ӶŮ鳤˳Ҳ̸ʲô飬ֻ׳־㶫
ʲô
ûò죬ֻȻеŵر
ϯһ澴س˴Ĵָ񣡡
û꼾֪˵ʲôȻʹ˵
Ҳǲܽ㣬
ЦݼͻȻһЩĿ⽫´һЦЦ㣬λرң
ʵЩ죬ԭ¶ɻ뵽ʲôͻȻȻһ˫ֻأѸŲһЩŵΥװ
ü
ɫ࣬Դǣ֪󣬿ҶûȤˣǻ˻һġ
ȻǱٹŪЩˡ
һĿ;ʶ
һ٣Ҳ񾲣ֻЦáҿ㣿
Ӣٷ磬㿴Ҳ
ȻأȴЩĳֻмǳš
꼵ֻ㵱ĸްԵ˼
ĸ
ɫƺЩ棬ֽظһ顣
ϯͣǰ˵зŮֻǻΪУôƺûɣ
ô˵ȷʵûȻûĽ͸е죬ֻλϹŴû¶Ȼأͬ˵ͷ
Ȼϻۡ
ϯһЦݡ
ּ˵ҽŵرãϴδӦҵ»ûٹĿɳҲûˣǰͷǷĻû裬ǲǲ̫ã
£æȻû͵񾵣Ҳ˳ŵ㲻ȥˣÿˣһ˵ʲôأٹҲˣֻҶˡ
𣿡
΢ѹԴսЩȤͬ˵㾹ˣ
ȻҪû̱
ϯͷ˸ģɫЩ죬ӽӽóǿӰʯ
㿴ǲֻ
Уٹڴϣһɫ߰ϣֻϸĿ
ϸۣٿƺϸߣæ˻ȥɫΣǲˣ
ǡеļ¶΢Цûʧҵĺö
ٺ١
ٵЦִ˴֣Щ˼ǣǳܰҴ𣿡
¡
꼲ɫؾֵܾٴӦһ
ʲô£
Ϲʱڣλħ֮Ҳһ޶֮ˣ˷ȤֻӰʯվûʲôȤζͬȥһĹΣۼλħ֮
ϵЦݶסЩⲻ̫ðɣ
ٹĶϾϵ˳ƶΪ⵹Ҳãȥƣ˼˳
ǳ꼽㶫׼Լȥ
ʲôվڱչأȥΣ
ôЩջ֮⡣
ٶһûסǲϹʱʲôĴϲٹãԲôϲ֣
ٶǵ֣ȥ̼ٹ񣬻Ҫһȥ붼òԾ
΢ЦԶ٣ָֻܿɫ
ǰҶҶһ飬Բôء

ܺãı¹Ȼ˵á
پĬ˻ɻЦ⣬Щί˵費ɣ˵ôеûģҪǲ裬ҾȥҲֹһ
裬Ȼ裬һˣýֻȥ
΢΢һ̾΢𴽽ǣͻȻסļһ˲֮⡣
ǰһͷץԼļ˴ӷڶһ˲˴ߡ
Ȼ봫󣬹âٵָʱѾص˴͵ɽȡ
ȻļЦ̣αضزء
Щ졣
ϯʶѯʣȴԶӰ΢һϤӰǰ
ٹɫ䵭Щ΢΢֣ߡ
ŷ٣꼾Ȼһˡ
Ҳ˵ʲôֻͬٵٶô˺һα˾飬Ϊȥ
٣
ȵȣ
Ҫ˵ȴסֹٹС˿ɾͳ˱˵ˡ
˵ֿٶߣЦ³֮Ұ쳵ܡ
ٱס죬Ҳûֻɴ۾Ȼ
꼵ͷһּۣ˾䣺ԼӷΪ̫ӡ
ϯȻĿ޶ݡ
̾˿һֵֻ˵ֶǣ¡
ٻݣףûˡ
һסԼ͵֣Ҳѹ˵ЩһҪĴй
΢Цֻصϡ
ֲ֮ˡ
Ҳܡ𴽽ǣһܾģ񾵣ϹŵһаҪǲ㣬Ūң϶òҷġ
꼾ãλſ˶Ͻƣ̾ˣ룬Ҳûʲôã㻹ǺٹȥɣΪףҸ

Ҫߣٸæסѹе㲻ܼȣ
Ů˽ò룬ģٹȻӲбЩҲὫңǿȢΪ£ףӡ
⻰͸һ֮С
קӣߣҧҪǼȣȥħ˵㹴ңҾ˵ϲ㣬Ϊӣٹ㡣
꼣
һЦǶŮծѳˣҾȥһˡ
ٻ飬΢⣬˾䣺ٹ㣿
ϯȻֻĴ͸Щ֮С
л˵
٣ҪһҲߣ
#Т#


178 
Ѿһϣ ٹȴҪ
ڳĬкһٹֻĹħ塣
ڼ䣬һֱקŴڡ
˭֪ǲʲô⣬ 꼵ôܰһ
һߵ֮⣬ Խʱֹס˽Ų
ɫЩ֮Σ ʵڲ뿿̫ ǸҪǾ˵ˣ 㲻ȥˣ ǰͷͨһħʲô¡
˶Ѿ۶塢һˣ ʵڲٺٹ˵Щʲôǰ£ ϯЩûʲôҪ
ȥ¾ȥο׷䣿ͽΡ
ٹһۣûǿ߽ȡ
ʱλŴ ȥ
Ҳȥ
Ӳק꼵ڣ ˶ ᶨʲô²ֱ˵Ϊǳҵߣҿɲҵħ֮
һ޶ûУ ֱӽԼĵ˵ڡ
ﴫٹΪɱ㣬 õŵ棿
ɫһ ĬһϢ ȴǼֵħлֱ˵
 ͬ˵
Ҳ
꼵ˣקס仹գɴ౧סֱۣǵһЦ̾Сѣٹ˵Ҳû㲻¡
㷽ſɲô˵ġ
ſڱ£㷽ŻҡôͱСˣǰ˵뿴ħ֮Цͱٹˣ
ҲùǸϲˮӡ
ŴֻεСǺαأӡٹֵǿӰʯѵøҿҲ㿪ģͼˡ
ﴫϢ䡣
ŵ̿һۣŻعͷҧгͬ˵ʲôӰʯӰʯǰôƽˣ͵񾵣˵͵ֱҷģҸħ֮ϻˣң񶼳ҵĴˣ
СұһҲ粻㣬Ȼô˵㵱˱ˡ
˼仰֮ʹӡˡСѡǰɼ仯֮Ѹ١
Ȼ꼲ţ¶̩ȻֳЦݣ·֮¸ͣԱߵٹ񶼱ˡ
ٸа
ͬϵͳҴˣϵͳĴˣҾͲӦȥ磬ˡ
ϵͳûʲôǿҸоֻȰ˾䣺û£Ҳĵס
һҪǴ򲻹绹ӣĶȥ
Ҿٹû֣Ŀܲ󡣡
֪ɷ¶⣬ܰڱ
и˺һڶ񣺡Уҵ취ģ翿Щ
ЩʶĹߵλá
˭⼫ϸ΢ľٶ㱻꼿λЦСѿڿ

ɫ΢٣ЦͻȻЩɫ
ٹͿܿٹĿ⣬һ˽꼻
§ŶԷϯʵ꼣ڿ㰡ʵһжΪ㣬ôͲأҰֻ㰡
꼣
Ȼ֡
ϯǳܻóȥħһ̫˵ħ֮
Ⱦͷ㴫һߣٹҪȥۣҪ˱۾
ð
û±һ䣬ͷ°ףˮ꼣߰ɡ

ûֻƾӲûƿ
ϢԽԽˡ
ֹϯҲеһ˿ϸܵĺ⣬ɼٵľٶЩЧٹԼ֪ݵġ
ٴһ̾
΢ЦͻȻһ˿⡣
ͼƿ٣ҲסͷٶǸС

ֻԼһƤˣѸɿ§֡
Ķˡ
Ⱦͷһɫâһ˲ӳֱüλãɫâβ˻һɫһ˲գЩ˵һ˲ᡣ
֮ٻûӦǧ֮һϢ䣬ǵâٽ꼵üġ
Цݲ䣬üǶλáĻһ˲ʢһ̣ٺ񿴼еһϸϸɢȥΧж
ֻգۼ䣬ǰͬһ㣬ҲƬУٴοǵâʱȴǵâѾ꼵壬ǰĵС
ûܵκӰ졣
ҹ꼻ʢһ˲ҹ档
Ȼûд˵ôţȷʵıһ̵ʱ䣬ӿΧʱţֱǵâһ˲˲Żɷٿǵâǰֱ˸Ч·ڵĵطһƬա
ϯһο˵еͨ
Ͱǿڷǰչ¶࣬һȴʵۡ
йʱĹǿ߲յ
ʱĹĿȣͻȻקס꼵䣬һʮֿĿѯԸıʱ䣬ǲֱӸıĳЩؾʱ٣磬ȥһ꣬ؾܹȥֱ꣬ʱϣһ¾µΪ
һʲôɶǺˡٹв֮Ժˡ
Ҫģʵֱ֣ͳһɽǰ
º͵΢ЦͻȻ΢пĿУĿⲻ䣬ٵˣʵҲʱ
ܣƭң
ץĿ·Ҫ̻һ㣬˶
ϯᶨַħ㶢ﲻͣ߶磬У³ɣҪʲôУҷһúТ˳㣬ң
꼻ô꣬һαһΪС߿ЩëȻźۼ˰벽ЦȻºͣˣҲᡭ

գۼ׳һֱȷϷҪе̬§ס˫أͬһֻצһϣеңң
治һܿסġ
һ߰һ߳峤滽ٹ֣⺢ұˣһ
βЩͨקס
㲻ߣ
ӽ쿪ʼֻһˡ
ϯ۾ʶңȻҾʹӦٹ񸴺ϣ͵͵ƿħ壬ա

ͻȻýǸľڷǰʹǸľ
ЩӲݶܸߴߣοôһ
һܳ콾ʲôȱȱʱ䣬ҪǸһܸ꣬ɷɽ磡꼾Ȼġö
ŪַһͲз١
λһյռжʵ
ͦںλʦ֣˵ҲУȻʲôȲҪ϶ġ
ƽǿƤЦ꼾ΪĻֻ˵˵ѣҪǲӦ٣ھɱСյȷʵõ
Ĭ죬˰üģʱ֮εЧʩУҡ
۳ȾͷСѣٲɿңֻ±Ȳպˡ
ɿס֫ĿȻʮǿңûһ̴Ų
бϢأٹһУûٳֻ֣䵭ʲôֵһĶҲֵȣ졣
꼲Цſ٣ϣ⻰á
Ȼϯ۶ûգֱӺ洫Ļֱ꼣ĿͷƤС
ǳĮϢˡ
л˵
ٹʲôҲֵôȥұţƶˡ
꼣ǰǰĲֵһᡣ
٣ֱ˭ҲֿҺΨһĵ
ٹߣ
#ӲǰעҲûõĴ#
#ϵͳ˵ȻϵͳʱҶ£ÿΪ#


179 ޽ľ
Լͺõģ ֻײ棬ϾǷҪϾϵֺͺˣ ϲȣ
ٹٹĽ ҲСҡβͬϯҰġ
һΪסң ҲǷˣ ͬĵ
ֻò ԵĻ̼ǰʾ
Ȼϯȴġ
ò׺˹ϵ ԼģϯͲˣڣ 뵽ЩҪͺõ˼
£ ٸ붼ˡ
ΨһԸǡ꼵
ٹǶǴǰˣ׻˵úãԻͷݣҲԡݡ
˼׸Ϲӿ
ٶ꼣 뿪 ޵˵ ٹ˵Ȼ˵Ǿ㽩˳ȿڣþûк
ʵЩסеĿ⣬ Ц飺ҿٹҲںƽϣ СѾͽȥһ˰ɡ
ǲߣ
¶Թ һҲٹ ֻᶨ꼵 ҪԶһ𡣡
ϵЦٴһ
Ȼͷ١Զһرվħ⡣
λϲЦȴûԼΪЦ˼
ɷʵڲģ꼾ĬãЭҿԳŰ㣬˵֣˵ֻʱءǿҲִЩƤë
ûƭʱ䱾ƿصĶΪʲôḯ࣬Ψʱ㣬һ޶һ˿һ˱λߡϹʱž޵߻ٹ
˹ϣΪƾһ֮壬ͳεʱ
˼ֵڣٹֺú˵ɣȻȥˡ
˵Ҫߡ
ۼֿסУ㲻ߣ
㲻漰£꼲ҲЩĻš
ȻҲʲôöٿٹ⣬һ·ˣóصľƽ֮ƽмзһֱ֮˿Ҳˡ
ϯŲʲôħİ飬һٹ߳ŭ˭˵ȥ
ԽҲٷ֮ٵΣԼȻҪԼ
ǷӲŲӵҪһ㲻ħ붪ܰɣ
⼤ֲǿʤֻϲֵĴ˵ûʲôãɷһҪãЩͷ۵ãȥСѣЩͷۣëˣ֮Լմһӣǲдˡ
ûϵ
ټᣬͬעԼеİˣëȻŮ̷ڴǰӦõģȷʵúúһ£ŵģʱҾ͸ˣ뿪벽

ĺʱ⵹ıһ֮ǰǸԼ
ʵͷбȵŸ첲ȻٹЩĿ̤˳ȡ
Խȣ߽ٹ޵
޵ȻǸ޵֮ǰ˳ߵļ֮ޱ仯߾ŵҲɫ䵭ʧɫ
ֻⶢŷס꼵ֱۣȻϲ
ϯȴ¶ܿ׵Цݣʮͬкħҵĵ
ָŲǺ꼡
ٹˣ˿ȴ޵ж֮ɫֹº͵̬ȣȷ˵̯̯֣ģںҡ
֮ɱС
ٹûں
ɫŷ٣ϯ޹ĿУٹ˵Ƿ
ЦһǷûҲЩ֪ҺϻǷ𣿡
΢΢򴽣̾һ
ðɺðɣҶ㡣
֮ǰֻҪٹһЩСǲôҪĶپٹ⣬Ҳûᣬô˵ɫЩ꣬һһؽйصĶ˳
ΪٹõЩô
һҲʣ
ϯһ£ɫĴһˣ㿴вУһµʱ䣬ԵĹ滻޷⹦Ҳ㷢Ĳٿزˣٹȥá
⻰ŻʮֳϿңٹУֻɫء
þӣڷƽĿãŵеʲôһߣһĵر
ܵͣǷٴûĵͳмֲײˣԭҲ˼֡
ȻɫûзܣóģҵĳѡʦҳϣҲûʦô㣬Ҳ㵱ʦѣҷҪһϣԼҪնιϵ
ҲδѸ£
ʲô𣿡
֮ΪȫȣٵɫȴԵñƽٹͫ׾죬΢üۣӣѵõķҿջ֮ǰĻҲˡ

ٴ˲ࣺҷһǧ˵ڵĻڣ˵һϾһϣջأ
𣡡
ҽз١
ϯ̧ͷͦأεȻûʲôɫȴһƬģµקԱߵ꼵Ļ
ٹ俴һ
Ŀ·һӶϣѵҪǸҪ
ҲŲҪǸ
һ߾꼵һԴͬ˵ֿͷֿαٻͷֶСҲ޹أħˣҾǰǰҲܱҲԸ顣
һμܣ㾿ҪΣ
ٹ˵ڵĻˡ
ȻϯȻû˿֮УֻǼǳܣǾѣħѵףˣӽ޸ϵνͬΪıħΪϹʱŷɥİôôѶϡη߲ǰѣǡ
˵ú
ٹ񶼿ܽˡ
һʼʶʱ֪ǸһֻԵŮˣô࣬һΪĿ꣬δϹʱڵҪҰĲˣŨȤҰҲԵöˡ֮޲ǴӴ˿ʼ
˴̬ȣ伫ֶΣаӣͽľһʼҲ͵ġ
Ǹ콾֮ױȻȤҰģȴûҰ֮Ĺ°÷Сʱ˭
Щ˿飬ʵ飬Щ˿ƶ飬ʵ顣
϶һ޶ͿԸһЩǸĻҲǲܺ䡣
ٹˡ
֮⣬֮ԱͣΪԱˡԽ꼣ûκ
УȻҲ
һ޽ľ֡
ݣȴˣȻ飬ôᰮ㣿
ֻǴδһܵ˲ġ
ǰҪһ磬ħҪٵ壬帲Ϲʱսᡣ
ٹûгʧܵζġ
õĳ֮ɫȻûлͣҲûͬٵĻݱ۾һú룬Ҫһʱ֮
л˵
ٹҲЩٺú˵
٣
٣Ҳ⡣
#ӵ#


180 
ٿĿ޹ֲ졣
Ѿ϶ ޺ڣٹȥú룬Ҫ嶯 û嶯
ϯɫ࣬ 뿪ڿ϶һ䣬ٹֵ˵ Ҫ׿ڣ 

Ĭһӣ ŵҾҡ
ʣµĻûĿС
дڣ Ȼһ̾ҪԼļӸУʵ̫Ũҡ
ܿʣµĻȥĿڵҲ˵¡
Ȼ˼ͬ ôίЩ ء
ٹջĿ⣬
ڴߣ԰׵Ϻòͬ˵ˣЩʱú롣
ǲС
ק꼣 µҪҵһ
ЦݶЩ޿κΡ
ٹЩ⣬ Ȼͬ˵¡
ѵõЭ ҲƤӵ١ȡ
Ǵ¶Щȴʧò΢Цлٹֵĺ⣬ ֻҼЩҪ ޷
䣬 ҲſڣҲҵһ뿪

֮꼲֣ ҲԸһ
նʱЩ̣ ֮䡣
ѵԸԷЭЩģȴ顣
ְ죬ٴ΢Цҿ
ҿħ˻ǺúϢɡٲ˵˳Ļ£ɫ仹¶ֹУħˣúϢףճء
ٹãǿĵļᶨͻȻüۣôǿӲ
á
ϯģֵȻҪ۶壬˿ңҾͳȫ㡣
ϵЦݽסˡ
䵭ôĻǷǷĶȥˣһ仰Ĩƽ˹ȥԼ˵Ļܸö֣巢֮ĸ˿˱Ҫ֮ҡ

ϯһ硣
˿ϻʣһһͩľһĴ⵹޷꼵ͷڻܻ鷳ǴѪһ
콣ǱҲòǸ˿ˡ
׽סٹƺЩҲƽ࣬˼⡣
ħ崫Ӧ֪˿ʲôǲ֪ȥȻҪһϣҪûһλﲻĵȻ˶ϡ

Ȼ֪λش
ɲҸٹͷȥʦˣҪ֪˲ȥ켫Ū
ɳ֮޷ٹĻΪ˵ĺе
û˼ﲻȴ˵һεĵܽãƫƫ޷͡
ԵЦƺ뿪˵Щʲô
һסֱϵ⣬šһ£һЩ֧֧ǸҿȻһ֡
˵壿
˾Ϲһ˿Ц֮⣬ȻҲˡ
߰ɣʲôʱѱóʲôʱͺһϣڴ֮ǰһٹ㣬ױ˼
ٿ٣Ҳûп꼣ֻǵʹüĿڣ·ͻȻĳߡ
΢򴽽ǣһ仰Ҳ˵
꼵Ȼ΢Цŷֹ˵Ҳ⣬ٹûͬǽ뷨ˣЦſڣ̫˳Ȼ̸ʧܣȻȥɡ
ϯұ֤гЦ˼
ЩԹһۣҲö˵ʲôɶĴһٹ˿콣¶˵һȷѪꡣ
˼ˣֿ۵ʹüĿٹһ̾ǿСš߳޵
ԽȣٹЩ̽ѰĿ⣬û˼˵ֻص뿪
߳һξ֮󣬷ٲɿ꼵ֱۣڤ˼룬֪ٹϹʱʲôʲôˣ
Ϊôѯʣ
º֪֪ͣףֻֻ̬»Ϊǡ
ٴЩյķ˿òˣ˼ȥֻһ취ԼҲΪıʱҲûз˿ʲôˡ
ϯûԼһ쾹ȻҪΪ̫ʾ֭취
ԼͬѰ뷨һ£Ȥۣͬ취
ǰɣҲò
ѵͬ뷨÷üչ˼ֵ֣ܿҲ˵ɫ˼֣Ѹһ£ɡ
Цһ
ȴͬϸϸ˵£ǸͨԴΧʩչ𣿿ԶһֱΪǲǻ˷ϻͯҾá
ͣ
꼴ੲݵСѣֻʮɽһľ֮飬شŶ˼ʵڸ߹ҵˡ
⡣
ٺǺЦǶǸˣôǫ飬ʵαںЩģôԿء
ġ
ȥ켫ڻǻʮɽҶԵġ

꼺ֱ뿪
Էٵ˽⣬˿˻ȥָһŭֱ֮ӴӦٹ׷ȻȥߥŪλʮɽ
ٹȷڱչ״̬޷أλ޷֡
ûȤħжԣҲ㣬һ򲻲
ڷټĿ֮£ãҲ¶һ΢Ц
ҲãȥСѵſ
ð
һڴӦ
ЩýˣֱӰλʮɽ֮ȥܰƽŵĿࡣ
ġȡٰٹķʱ֮ԺˣĵؾͬλϹŴĹȥ
ûŲƣŷٵķطɡ
ȥ·ϯǰĻ⣬飺˵ҪҼСţ˶֪һ˵ٹ᲻Ӵ˾ͺһϣ
Ĩķ̫ǿһ´ԼҲֻзó
ƺѾ͵͵һ˿ͬһڼװϣƵǲ˶ĿˣƭƭҲˣƭٹѵ֪Ůӣ
˵ּСţеģŮС

Ŀ¶졣
ģ
Ȼ
Ҳ⣿
ʲôٴһӣʮɷ־ķСڣʦֵһ˫޵ʱҺء
ЩȤҲ¿ٱ㽫ͽǴؾһաءٹᡢΪǿ˯˽½
֮ʵЩ졣
ȴüôң
ֻǾٹĿζڲͬǽϹʱߡ
ңöġ
ôᣬҴӲˡǸ̾ҳʱֻЩڳˣ֪ʵСˡ
̾һ䣬ֽ˵ҵҳܲСѣǸˡ
ֿɷٻǾԼ
΢΢üϯ͵ʱΣ֮ʣҲû취㣬ѵ㲻ô𣿡
ᡣ
Щȣǿͷ
˭֪һֱȵ˵κһʿ˫ޡ
һǸŮӡ
˭˵ģüͷøˣӼװվΪ࿴ҺҿǰŲ̫κһʿ¶ԻΪ
ҲںȻİͬ˵ȻжںôӦٹ񣿡
ǲһ
룬£ҲָƽʱһߣֻһѡˣҲϲٹԸϲġ
ʦģ
Ҳô˵ɣʦʲôãһ㡣
һ㣿
ϧӡ
˵úܳϿң˵Լ£ûа
ü΢飬ŵ˵Ȼӡ
ͻȻ˵⣬ʲô¶һ˿֮ɫյߣȤС𣿡
΢٣㣺˵ˣҵΪʲôôʣ
˵зŮӦǿӵġ
Щֻ⣬ֻ˵˾䣺ľķ岻ͬ
֪ڷ۶԰ɣ
Щ΢ġ֪ʶûΪ̬ܵŭӸȤҼǵûʹﶼǳͬһ仨ϵģѹзŮô˵Լõ£淽㰡
͡壬˼Ĭһ˲̲ס绹˵˵ٹ°ɡ
Һٹʲô˵ģ
һ˵ٹٱЩȱȱͷء
ڴһ䣬ϯ¶ȤȻ飬͵͵ĸЦһ˿ڴô˵ʵҲ㸸ףĸҲУ԰ɣ뿴ӵʱ
ٻû˵꣬һ̵ͻȻӼװѸٻƣ˫һֱֱϣʵʵ
סȻҲ޷˵ˡ
ϯգգڰ׷ۣ¶ɻĿ⣬Եʮ޹
΢΢˿ѵЦݵȥƳ۱סķ٣ĵСѣҪһ£ҿ㸹ӣƷһζ
ָǽľ֮УȻǲľ֮гȻʮ˵ΣȻȴ¶һ˿˼ɫѸ˺ü
꼿һָ΢̧סһӡ
˿յϯ̼еҿɲˣΪͻ˫޵ģ㡭
ס졣
꼰˰üģҲٿڷԵļװ£۱ʵʵˣ΢ЦСѣЩɫڻ£á

ϯ˫ĿԲɫ𽥱÷ŭ
ȴЦЦ˸ӣڼװϿʼĿ
ٶ֪Լ˶ã֮쵽켫ʱɱǧĲŸɰ
ϯ֮ɫѿͷһζ߼ûɫ
·˭Ƿ˰ʯһ㣬һԲɫȻ켫ڻһξʱ˷Ŵǰһ·Ī䡣
꼴˿̷ں΢Цߵͬ硣
ȵ˺ֱߣ켫ɽʱٿɽſӰԶˣ̫壬ֻƺЩʲô
߽Щٱ㿴ɫǳ켫ƽ̣վɽſڵƽ̡
ƽ¶ЩЦݣƺͬ˽Щʲô
ͬƽ˵˷ٲ̫Ϥƽ̼Լֻһϣ˿ڱƽ̣ǰ켫ڣѲħ켫޹أǷٸħĺӣҲʲôħ̫ӡѵûפħ嶼뿪ˣٵħ֮Ҫͷˡ
ƽ̷ͬİ˵켫ڣҲȥˣվһţҼȻѾӦȻŵԡ
ƽ̺Ϳ
ǻ˵ЩʲôȴѾûˣ󲻹Ǽħ峷켫ڣʲôͷֻ񲻱գ켫ƽ̿ʮֵƽҲûͶС
ٱ鲻ã꼰˺ü춯ãǻŭ޴й
˿ѾûʲôƤ뷨ˣǳϻੲݣϯɫĮֱӴӽӽóһ񹭣ǵʮɽĴ͸񹭣Ҳһ˲õ˵г֮ǧѪݡ
ֱ׼ǳϣ乭
һհĳɫâ˲ϢӳȺһ˲ûǳϱġ
Ȱ˵İɫһ٣ЩŵصͷȥֻԼǰһѪڡ̡ð̣Ѫ֮Уǽڵǻ
Ƥอյĺۼ
̣Ϣһ˲𣬵
Ŀ̼䳯ʸķȥ
ٱų쳤ɫĮȺߵǰ
ۿһȦŵҽ鲻ãûʱǷϻʮ£߾
ͬЩƽʺãھ֮
ʮ
ſʼЦգҵȲ޶⡣
˵һλŵĳϡ
û켫˺ƤУǻͬˡ
ȴֻ䵭ؿһۣعͷ켫ƽ̣ʦأ
⡣
켫ƽƳһۣǳʲôˡ
ĿЩ΢ҫƺ˵СӣֹΪؿ졣
ҲںĿ⣬һû˵ǻعͷ˵ųϣҲͬίߡ̽ʲôҪôһѹʡ׳ƳҪôֱӸѡһɡ
֪켫ûʲô취ƽ̶ˣŵƽ̾ûĻǳɫһʲô˼
ȴûֻͣˣ˵š

ųٴοڣ켫ãôЩ𣿻˵켫ڶŶҪϾɱưɽ磿
ٿҲûȻţˡ
ųϱ߿ת켫ƽ̣Ｄңƽ̣켫ڽҵ켫ڵϵã켫ڵϵҪҵȸϾɱ
켫ƽü΢壬뿪ڽͣͿٺԤ׵
Ŀλųϡ
ǳŵĿѣҴҶܡ
ȷǳΪЩɷΪҲͣ񹭺Щ죬Ҷġ
һǳǰֱӹһŽƵ˺ۡ
ǳɿ˹
ҪϾɱ
һ
и˿ȥˣһ
켫ƽ̶ߵߣ΢΢üСӳ˻ڣ
ųϵľٶЩٽôôֱӡ
ﶼ̻ڲվȻһ仰˵
Ȼûʲô飬ֻƽ鲻ãû˼ƭˡ
ƽ̣
Сԡ
ٵȷûн͵˼켫ƽ̰˰üģԼڣǰָʹϴɱڷٺͽݣȴһ裬켫ڴԵ޹鷳ʲôԼ֪
Ƕһٵų⻰̺ԩƽ̣ҵһ򽻺ãʲô֤˵ڳϴɱ¶Ҫ֤ݣѵ˵ʲôʲôɣ
켫ƽĿ΢
֮ûôöûͬŷѣҪΪû֤ݡ
һ켫ڽãõŶⶨɱԵһǿ
ǷˣҪĿǵĸ࣬Щǿٳ谮٣վ켫֮ˣ켫ûгһλѹɽ֮ǰý
ųɫ
ҵ֪켫ƹܣƽҲ֪Ͼ켫ϵų켺֮ҲƽѵΪཻĪ棬𣿡
˵⻰ʱ켫в¶֣཭ϵϵ֮ˡ
ʵٱƽȻֻͽһ٣ûʽԣĬϣ֮ȴвٵϵԡ
ϵ켫Ϊ֮δصжԷǵϵһҲںǵϵһʲô콾պ̳д֮Ҳ޷ȴͬǱضýϵϵʤΣ뽭ཻĪҲ޷潭λãΪ켫ǽ濪
Ƿٵͷ̫ʢûʲô˸鷳Щʱղ֪жѰĻ
˽ﲻȻ١
Դһտʼϵ֮зԵͻȻСࡣ
ֵܣպӣ켫Ҳδ֪ǵ¡Ȼ˺һЩΥףҲǽˡ
ɽ磬ҪһˣֹǸ黹޵߲ͬΪ£κιϵ׽ĸֵҲȲϡ
Ӽ̳ƽ֮λӵĵ¼̳ƽ֮λȻҲвͬСЩⳤ˵ϯཻĪ棬ϯҪų켺֮¶졣
ųɨһȦЩԡ
켫ڵӵɫв̫һ
ɫ΢ٴεᣬѵƽҲϷ˵֮Ƿθ֮𣿡
켫ƽ䵭ؿɫƲϺÿҲûʲô
ǰЩʱվͲˣⳤϵĻûаӰ졣
ȻųɨһȦٴΰθʮ֮һһȨڲ˼ܣͲֻƭӣֻΪı켫ƽ֮λ
Բӡ
бһ˹һλ°µ
ɫۡüһĻţ߼Ȼ֮С
˶ʶ
žȻҲûע⵽ֱ˵˷Ǻͷһġ
ų΢΢ü˭
꼻üЦԵǳûлشⳤϣֻСѺͽСһˣˣȻӳиҵ
ޱؿ΢΢鶯һ¡
˳Ѿ׵켫ڵӣһƬȻ
ųϸǲŵ㡢˵ʲô
ȻûлشֻԹЦֻԧ첻ɣССѵĸĽ
⻰һɫ䵭켫ƽ̲ס˵ʲôʲôںԡ
ͬٸѾ켫ƽ̷ǳˣ˵ʲôǶ˵ӱزġ
ҪҲǷٶԽǡ
䣬ƽֿ٣Щã˭Ĵ
Ϣԣ̬֮ʵں㣬Բ²⣬켫ƽҲֻΪǷٴʮɽĴͺǰħһ
ϯȻ֮ǰþãɴʱóĿ⿴ƽ̣̾λǡҹ꼻ǰʮɽ֮ħ֮ͬǿߡ
ƽ̣
켫ƽĲֱӽϡ
ֹҲˡ
˵ʮɽ֮ŵ߶¶ɫһ˲߿˺ôһƬ
ŻͼųϸһĶҪɤˡ
ߡ
һλŵġûˡûбչءߵߡ
ոһλߡ
Ҫʵ̫ãλ̱ܻʹȥ
ȴߵԾȻ΢Цߵߣ켫ƽ̴кѡ
ҡ
켫ƽ̽Ӳ׼֣Ǽѣǰǰǰڣԡ
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ô¾Ȼǰ֪ҪǼҲһʱܣ˲ſڣû˶ӵĶ
һĺϺ£ѣ켫ƽѹ˲ˣֻԷʹ˸ɫȴÿ⺢ӣôҲǰ˵һ䣬Һӭǰݹ١
ȴƲƲ죬ûʲôûӭģҸԺӾˣסϣƽõߡҲͨûڵĺأҿɺǰ˵ˣλŹ㣬ʵǸɶģƽ̷̸˵صʱעЩȥȥЦ
ɼûϾڼװϲܶü졣
켫ƽһſˡ
һͬȻ㡢ɫ¶нЦݣһ߷ʹɫ
˵ˡ
ƺٻ˶ˡ
켫ǿ̫죬ԼҵӣǿǰҲҺ˵˵˭֪᲻ǺޣҲͷСӿ
ʹ˺üɫͣ²꼵Ļ磬ȴûϣǲ˵㣬㻹ͬЩʲô˵ģ´£ֱŪʲôࣿ˵ʲôưɽ磿԰Ҿưɽ磬Ժʮ˳߲ԩõԩݺĹŶˡ
ϯŵغܣ켫ƽüֱºĿ֮£ȴǰѵֻЦЦӺＷЩ
˵˵Щǰӭȥϣȥ׼ЩΪǰӷϴ
ЦûջȥȻһֱܽӲ
ټӣװƵ̬˲ȻζҲٿˣȫƽ̴ֱȥ߱ߵˣҪϢҲһҳ˺˯
ǺǺǺǺǡ
ƽȻЦӯ棬Щҧгݺͼ͵Ļ
ߣ˯ʲô
һλ߼ǿߴԼȥ˯˶Ȼӣ
л˵
٣ۣ˵
ƽ̣Ҳۺ𣡣
#ƽ̣ĵ#
#꼣ϵĵ#


181 
ȥϢ ɱƽ̽סֻվԱߣ˵׻
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켫ƽ̲õ꼵 ˵꼻ȥϢ ģ̵ͷº͵һ䣺ĪҪǰ
û⣬ ġ
ٿٵͷ Ҳû˼˵ס꼵ֱ۾ߣɫ
켫ڴϣ꼱ŵǲЦ㲻ҪȥϢ
Ϣˣ ʦҲʲô ֻᾫ٣ ҲŬҿͳȫڣܱ ѹ˵ȣ δ̳켫ڣ
˸ˡ
С˶ҪϾ ڷܡ
ûߣ ˵ģ Ҳͦʦ֣ɴĵִƽϣʱʱ֮̿棬˼Խȥ
ʲôСˣ
ٻͷƳһۣԲǰʦ֣˵ֵܻҪأҲǵһ˵ʦ֣ҵҲá
СѸĸ١
ǵȻƽ̴һпɣҶ棬ֻһ
Ȼƽ̶֡谮еϲ
꼾ţҲֻЦݸº͡
˺óһΣøסֱߵԼľٸ󣬹Ժţһ󷨣ЩȲǰɡ
꼼˵Щͷۡ
˰üģҵ츳ͨûôǿ󡣡
֪
ϯֱȡžͷͥԺʾ£Ȳ˵һ⡣
̸Ϊ֮صʱԵʮ࣬˼
꼱ϴģʾ˵
ϯ˼·ŵҼ̳ĴУϰٹħ崫УбˮݣһЩӽ֮άƽ⣬־޷á
Լڵ̫ͼչʾ꼿˳ұѰĴкͣһʱòĴУҲҹϰƽⱻƣʲôܽ𣿡
ϸ˼ֳġ̫ͼ޵֮ʣħͬ޲ֹһ֮٣һ޷õ崫Уںϣ㷨ӣǼΪ
ϯĿûκθоϾ˵ǻֻۣзŪĴҲУһм
֪ǲǶԴо֮ԹΣλǲԸôùȥķϵطǷõġ¹⡯
ǸˣһƭģٹſĮͬҲԴ򶯡
ȻԿֻҪ˱ȴһųûĮǣҲûѤõĻ䡣
⼸˵ĲָŮ֮飬λϹߵԸ
򵥷䣬߷٣Ĵط㣬޷Եķõ֪طκһˡ
ãҲط֮£ʲô𣿡
Ҳڴˣʵ
ֳָ֣̫ͼλõ˵㣬̫ͼΧתת
ĵ룬ҲͼĺλãͼȻԲ⣬ȱؼһ㣬ûѹĺģҪһǿά֣һҲһһֲŲʱʱ̶̿޷ںϵΣա
ֲ
ֱӲ׽Ҫʻ㣬ʶһۣⲻ̫ðɣֲ˼ġ
꼣
ȿһۣЦЦ˵ûлΡûֲǣѵŪ־ԼУ

ϯЩźӣóԼĳ˷罣𣿡
ⲻֻһѷ
ʮģĲ
񾵣
澵ӣɺֵܿ澵ӶģûģһʱʵҲ
ûȥ񾵣һаҲʺΪ㵤ѹĺġ
룬ŵһǿʺ㡣
ģкܿһ۴СԲ顣
Բ⻬ޱȣˮ͸ȴɫĹâת֮
Ỻһľ飬ľ֮۳Ȳ񾵣㵱ѹĺˡ
ٶӿãûã򴽣ȵǰ뽻ʲô
ٹͲһ䣬⣬Ե޹ʸô
ֻЩϣξȻûҪ󣬷ЦСѵİɡ

Ŀʱˡ
ôҲҪô㷴ģ
ְ׸ŵص˵ϲڵĻҳ˹ڣС֮ʣҺ͡
ǰлú˵˵ġ
νѵĲģԼ˵Ѱб˼۸ˣϯԵ޹ĺô֮
΢üۣȴ֮ǰЩ
Сѣǵʲô֢
ȷʵͷٶ̬Ⱥ츳˳һѣľȻ󣬵˵㲻ٲӦܾڴʲô⡣
Ϊʮɽ֮ǿߣȻڷһǸϲͬߵ֡ɶˣλǿߵȣ׮׮Ҫõꡣ
ֻϯȻš
ϰ˷ķԱԼǿʱͨʮ־裬೤ٸӣŵһ仰ϻڱ
ȻĿ⣬ϯԳƽ޹ʵĲҪö
΢üƽ׸㻹Ҫʲô
߼ǿ߸ȤĶɲࡣ
ԼϱȽĶ˳ɻûʳڣɨһۣЦ⼸ĵرļֵҲľˣãҲûͬ㽻ıҪٶվǷ
ϯöȻһͣƳԼóıвƽǿ߶֮⣬꼿Уȴֻǡ
Լͦԣϯƶ֮С
ĬƬ̣Ǽס𣺡ˣЩҲˣ㵱Ƿһ顣
ʱѻġ
ľֵȷǷҪ˼һǵͷãǵǷǰһ顱
ϯǰͨԼܸıٱʱ٣
̾Żöͬҽôֲںռұˣ
Ƿ飬νˡ
ʮ̹ȻһѼӲ¿ˮ̵̬ػش˵ԺǶ۷壬Ϊˡ
仰˵ú棬ǰȨ֮ƣҲΪ޶ë˵ġӡϵ
һ٣ʧЦҿɲΪӡ
治֪˶ٴ磬СӰٹͬƽЦãģȻҪǨŭ
Ҹ˶ӣƽ޹鷳
ǿ뷨ٷЩ
պΪȻЩ߶㡣
Ŷô˵ǰǼٵġ

һݾĬϿҵȥ¸ĿڣҴǰΪĸ֮˵ǰܺ˵˵ͨ𣿻ͬ˵˵ϹʱڵأߺͨߵĲж֪ˣҲȥʱܱ㡣
˵Ҳδضʱ֮桢ǿԣƣܿһ˿أΪҵıʱйأϹźϹߡ
ָᴥüģһ˲䣬̣ǰ·ɹʱⳤӣõĻ档
ɫƿӿǿϢ˷ӿʧʱⳤ֮УвϤס
ٹٹ
Եʱ߾ϣ
ǰӹϤԶʱδϹʱڣѤʱ̣߲ĩʱණʧʱⳤУ˵ʵٴﵽǵľ硣
ϯʶΪʲô
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ʱѲܵˣΪĩʱĹʷģԸּΪ㣬ٹǲҪôʱˡ
꼼򵥵˵˼䣬˳һ˯ôʱԭ
꣬ǰȥŴһ񣺡лǰ
һ䣬ʵ⡣
ûһλߴ֪ʶٻ治֪Щϸڡ
ûǫЦһ񣬵£ŵˣͳɽ硢Щ治ϹǿߣΪʱߺľ磬ƽ츳Ҳ㲻ʱˣѣЩųϱˣ
ĩʱľԡ
˵Ҳмֿϧ
ûϹʱƣʵź
ϯԼûʲôо˵껹˼ô˵Ҫ֮·øϵ򣬺ƣ
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ģʲôʱ
˺Ĵ·򣬷ٺûƤ֮ͨ˼أǿľڽ˵
꼾ͱԺƽ̿ȥλǿȥ켫õͥԺס
ȷٳأǺü֮ˡ
ԺӦһ쵤ڶµ˵ˡ
һȥҲа£ٻмͥԺ׼ȥʦɡ
ߵ·ϣͬ׼Ľ
Ϣֵ࣬䣬ȴŻ棬ǻ沢ȣܽ˶ĸо
٣ɫ˲٣ϯڣѴӽӽóһЦݸʦܣ㡣
ϯЩİһһȡȼŻββ죬ϸܷ߲ӹɢǿĻϢ
ɫɣ赭дʦܲҪ쳵ܣⶫ˳ȡֻϧҪǸβ𡣡
Ժ̸һ֡
֮
üһǰٹæûҵҵˣʲôʺѵԷɵƫ
ͬʱҲΪϢ仯
֮ڽ˵һĻΪѪо֮ϵȻЩոС
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ϯǰʦ֣ͻȻЩ֣
Ӹе֣˵ʦܲϲ𣿡
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Ŀ΢ʵʦΪͻȻҪսһ
ʦ֣ͬ㣬Ҳƭ㣬һֱΪϵļУδ֣ν޵һ޵ڶҲ֪ǿ
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Ȼ˶ƺƽҲĬϣЩĹϵҪܽܳΪ˳
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˵սսŷ뷨˱תһȥѰƽ̣Ϊ֤
ƽʱ׼š
ʲôҪдһ
д衣ϸ˵ҪʦһսµʱƲס˶Է֤
켫ƽ̣
ƽķ˼´ǺһŰü̾
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ĿѲƽ߶ڷϡ
ϯܾԼĿ⣬·ԼҪұʦһ
ȿȡɫѵýֻͣ뿴Ϊ棬дʦʦ£Һʦֱ㲻дˣҪսȻҪս֮з־
ƽ̴΢飬֪ʲôֻھͻȻһЩͱ򣬱֤֪ʲô֮д־塣

ϯڨڨһЦ˵ģҺΪ˲أսһǱɣ
սƽѵ
պɫ䵭һڴӦǡ
ãǴȥ䳡ǵ
У˵ƽҪȥСڲ㣬ջûʳ

ʵûסԹҵ裬ޣʮ²ԶҲûʲô󰭣첶㡣
ôţ
Ѱ˻ᣬƽѸٻһľ֪£СڱǹԶˡ㣬СӾǱݵġ
켫ƽѵһһ䣬һߣҲȷ˵ʲôת۱̤ͥԺڿն𣬿׼ȥСڲˡ
Ŵǿʧǰ죬¶ίͬʦ˵ʦ֣ԽԽˡ
л˵
٣ףұҵ˵
Сڣۣ㡪ʵ


182 Ļ
Ȼƽһ˳ۣ ٻǲһС֮Լʧ衯Ĵ
ƽ̶̫ˡ
ȴ⣬ͬ˵ʦܲҪ룬Ҳ۰ġ
֪
ϯͷЦЦ Ȼ֮ǰǾ仰ֻǿЦ
ǱȻ ֮켫ƽȷʵ ԵҲЭˡ
˷˵˾䣺˵Щʱշæ һûȥݷƽ̷ˣ ʧ񡣡
ɫ΢ û˿
պʱ仹ţҲһʱĸһֱ㵱Լĺӿ
⻰Щû ͬͷ ¶ºı飬ϧߵüҲûܸƽ̷˴ʲô䡣
ԭ˵Ҫʮɽƽ̷˴Щġ
Ӳ̫ԵؾĬһϢҲ¶º͵Цʦľͺã Լ˲عƽϡ
ӶЦ ѵܹĻԵѺöܰ
ʮȻǣ֣ ߳ƽͥԺɷܾЩڡ
ЩӦǸˡʱܾٶ
룬Ժѯϵͳûʲô취ֱܷû䣿
Ūǵϲˡ١ˣ Ϊˣ ԴϲŮ˱ϲˣ ⹣Զ޷
ϵͳһ ſڣҪøȥһ£ϲˣ ӦöԸûȤǡ
취һ㣬ҵõĽ׼ȷΪ͸֮䱾Ͳֹǵĸ飬ΪһУһݳЩ鷳ġ
ֻʱҲûбķ
ü΢ûͬϵͳṩİ취׼պʦս˺˵
ϯ֪ǣʶҲһμҶԻ˵
ϵͳֱ治ͬһζýʦʵϲϲŮˡ
δûб˵Щ񣬱ϾǿˣҲΪԼںĶеݡ
ûֱ񾵵
ҲҪһЩ̽
ҽȷٵľٶ죬˵Żһ·ߣӱĬĬɿ֡
ϯɫ΢֮࣬Ҳûע⵽ָ˽ָϡ
ֻ˼ٱԼӽ춯
ɫ糣һߺͬ˵̸һ߲ɫشԼĽӽ䣬һ˿ע룬ҵһö˸ĴѶ
ϵǣö˸ĴȻûùġڸĴѶ
Ѷ絽˷ǳϡ٣Ѷļֻнһ
٣
ϯʶƳߵӣȴֻЦףһ

һһ߸ʹѶ
ٶЩ֣ϯЩ˼֮УΪѶϢĶ󲢲Ƿ٣Ǹ𣬼ˣӲ֪˾ߣͬ˵Ҳпԭ
ǲ֪ʲôôȻصԼͥԺֿ֮ٴѶ
һ˼һ򶨵ؼ˴ѶѶϢȻֽһʮѰζѶϢ
롮ٴ˫ޡ
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ôһ˲ϯĿӴǰԼ
ǰûôŹһͬһţͬʱָһŮ˷ѶϢ
ûˣòģһڱ˫ޣ
˵ʵֻǵԼΪΪҪս
ϯ˼⣬ֻǾʦֵͻȻЩûͽ˵仰ܿԼľٸ
ͥԺöѶּһһ飬üͷͬϵͳ˵ϵͳ˵ǲǱˣͷô˵˵ϲңȻ븶˫ޣ
ϵͳ侲ⶼ㣬û𡣡
˺𣿡
ٷ˸ۣȻе˼ʽкܴ
ҪǸУҾԲŹû˵һ仰ˣҡ
ϯȾЩ֮УĻǾӲУϾҲʶˣϻǱȽ˽ʦ֡
Ҳʲô᣿ʦЩֵֹģǰΪ񾵣ôùȥȻһֱڲٿ澵ӵӰҲûôã˷ʵھù졣
룬Ұ񣬸һ϶𸴣뵽ʱ̽һ¾ô¡
ԵĶ˵֮²ǸҪġ
ͥԺ˼˰죬ʱ߳ͥԺɽȥ
ħ뿪ֻ֮ʣСڡˡ
ʱƽѾڣڻҪֻСһӵĺ㡣
Сڡ
ˣϯ²ضڳӱϻԼһСûֻƵسų㣬׼ܡ
СڣҰ㲻ϵˣ
ߵһߺ䣬Ȼֻ˸ȻûʱЩˮѷ˸͸

ϯ𴽽ǣһͻȻ䣺Сڣ̫ˣٳԵ㣬ô൱ķɲ
˵⻰Ҳûţãѳƽιĺȫ˳սԼĽӽС
Сͣ½ʳĶۿյĳӣ̧ͷڳﾲƺЩ޹Ͳ졣
ƽ簮㣬Ǻ㡣һĴԴͬ˵Ժչ㣬ÿֻܳһ㣬ʣµҰţ㳤ٳԡ
ҲС֮ܲ˵޹ﳤȥŲ֮Щü֮С
ϵͳǺľٶ͵ʲôҪǱƽ̷ˣֵ㡣
ʲô͵СڳˣƽˣෳԺЩҶƽţι
֮Բڴ
ϵͳѵõɾٶЩԶԣִܾ·ԽԽԶˡ
֪ǲƽ̽رæҲûԼСڲ㶼ˡ
ֱڶ糿
Ҫһ£Ĵ½Ŷˣ˷׷䳡ϣ
λǵܳ콾Ϊѳ֪ͬ٣֮˭ǿ˭û֪
˵ڴĿٱȴɵúܣһȥҽȻʦֵԺ￾ϸ۵㵱ţԴȻմС߶ʳġ
˳Աˣ䳡˿ɽ˺λǿճģԵȫˣڵˡƽ̺С
ٺͽ䳡ƽ̻û˵ΪҪǵУǰȥСڲˣûҲûʼս
Ҳţٱվ䳡Ե˵
ȴչ
λ֮Ůʮֹ񣺡ף쿪ʤ
Ȼ˶ٵŮˣϵĳ⣬ŷǰô˵ˣƺ
ɫ֣Լȴûʲôо¶һ˿Цݣʱڴסÿɻģ
л׹ģһжá
Ǳ
ٺѵĻڿ͵վȺеʱͣסˡ
λǿͬһû˿ĿվȺ΢ЦºͣϢ
ֻӹʱֶһ˿Ц⡣
ٱԼմǲݶһץס˵ĸоͨĺѶѣû˿Խء
оĿⲻ̫ϯҲû˼ˣ˵һ߿ûڣɽһӰѸǱŭ𣬻ǿҵơ
٣˶㻹ҪҪȻСڵĳʳ
ƽ̿ˡ
ⲻҪĻ쵰ˣȻһֻʳ¸ʽˣߣҲһλǿߣôҪǿǵһμ
ϯɫһ򶨵ˣֻСڳţҶΪá
л˵
ƽ̣
٣
٣ܵܳԲ꣬ҰԵ㡣
#ƶ˵ϯ#


183 ս
ϯľٶ ƽ׶԰СǵĻ
Сӵĳʳֱˡ
Ҫǻôڳʵڲ̫ÿ Ҫ÷֪ʲô񿪻
ụ̆ ٹָŽʦҲˣֹһˡ
Ȼˮľٶ ȴֻºһЦ ʮֳӡ
ƽϢ һ˶
ʱһ䣺ƽϢŭ ԸҪ
켫ƽŰסѹСӣٸȥСڵĳʳ ´ÿ 㲻ҪҪء
գգۣЩ޹ӡ
ƽŭδչȥ˵һ䣺СҪλ֪Ҫء
¶ӣҲõ˼һΰ Ϲʱڵ֣ ԪƳޱȣ ˵治ĻƽԪ˶֪ܲܰΡ
⻰Щƽ̺ôν һˣ ŭ˶ ھʹˣ
ƽֱӴӽӽͳһޣ ۼҪѵ
ϵȼλλϼ״ã æǰסȰƽ̡ƽϢŭԣǹġ
ȴֻʼ磬˵֮η߻˽ߣƽƽսʼ
λϰ˺һ˵˵Ȱƽ̰ѳ˻ȥǿ⼸λҲЩա
֪ƽ̵Ը񣬻ҪȥòŪüɹأЩϣԩҡӡ
氲֮ƽһߵ䳡λãٺͽռһҿһۣʮ䵭սʼ
ԾԱߵĹ̨ϣ¹ۿ
뿪䳡֮󣬷ٺͽû֡
ײǵΫiսΣһ߻ǣһЦغ˵ʦ֣ǧҪңҿɲ顣
΢Ц꣬Ҳֻ˵˾䣺زʦܡ
̨ƽ̲õҪʹ򣬱ôϻ
ƽôô˳ۡ
λ콾ҲϤ̬ȣѾܾûֹŤˣٸǺںȻЦأѰ˿ջһ䣺ɵϸЩǳֲ飬Ҫ漰һѡ
켫ƽֻһۡ
ʦֵܣ񻹶һõĹϵСӿڱտھģҪǷټƽ̽նġ
Ϊ⣬ϯҲ˵֪˼ˡǣĽɫͻȻࡣ
ٹֵ켫ڣ١
๰֣켫ڣ
ǱԵǡ
ϣĿ֮£һ˲ɱ˲˷罣Ȼʡ
潭ҲЦݣͬʡ
ֻһ˲̨µе˱ɱ֣綬ﱻһˮ
Զд裬Լŵӣֹϵôã󲿷˶ΪҲֻдһιЩʽ೤ϺƽǰҪΪ˹͡
ֵһ̣ǲŷֺвһ
û˿ף־Ǿɱ
ټ䳡һ˲ɫĽᾧ¶ȱúܵͣһ֮䣬˷罣·һ⣬һģ
ڿбѸٸѣһ𣬵Ϊǵٶ̫죬ֻܿһѵģ˽Ų켣
һʼЩԸ뿴ǵƽҲһ˲֮ɫֱֱ䳡ϡ
켫ƽĿתߵĳϵ˶ֱΪѱ
ʲôʦֵܶս֪ĻΪʲôޣ˳ֱֶԷš
̨µĵǸǿۻңв˾ʦֺͽʦǡս
ȺڵҲȵ۾
һӵ˵켫ѵģͲһʱ޷صĺҪĿɳ𣿡
Ŀ΢һŻشҲ켫ǿԭ򡣡
⻰һĬ
ﲻΣû̬ȥͬ׽ʦֵܴսôЩţǣĶ̨࣬Ϸٺͽֱص
˾ȵĿУٺͽ̱ս˽С
˿һСıɥʽȴֻһθˡ
֮ͣЦʦ֣Ϊ治١
Ҳ䴽ǣʦܡ
̨¹ڷӦ˵׽ʦֵͬʱ֡
ٽ˷罣Ͽһף˫ַɿӡ˷罣£ͣӡ֮С
β΢
˷罣ǳѪȾ͸ЩĹâȼĹâ˵
Ѹٽӡ֮󣬵ץסŲǰһ˲Ŵȥ
ż㣬ѸȥȼűļѸᣬ飬λѪ
ִʱеĳ㳲·ռ䶼ܶ
̨˾ѣֻĳʦڵλȫڸס
̨ƽ̲ס΢΢ǰ㣬Ҳ˵ˣ䳡ʱ׼ų¡
Ǳ̴ĵطȴûѪҺɫģӰ΢΢ϯ´ԱԳΣѾȫһƬ죬˷罣һ߰㻮ߡ
ɫȣٲˡ
ȴƹ֮һ˲
ʱѸץסɫâ֣˷罣ϣһӶ
ʽЩ񵱳ԸΫi裬ķӦȫͬ
Ӳδһˣץסʱ֪޷ѣִ̺գѸǰȥ顣
Ѫӿںĵ棬̶ɾ壬һ֡
̨ϣƽȻƿڴ٣вԼŶսʲôѪֱ֮Դ
л˵
ƽ̣ʲôһģ˵УŪԷǰɣ־Ĩӣ
٣ģҺʦĬ
Ŀ⣩
ƽ̣
#Ǻ#


184 
Թƽգ ˵ĶսȫǰշٶսΫiģġ
˵ͬʦֵܣǵҲôײеĴ򷨡
ٳֱǳնϽֱȥģܼʱ ûնֱۣ ǰһɼǵ˿ڣ˿ѾԼס ӿѪҺ
Ҳûõȥ
ץסֱۣ ޷̷֮ Ѫһն ֱһ˿ڣǻ˶Ѫرࡣ
̶ֻ̼У ˱ȾѪ һϮɫۻʺ죬ƽڹ̨ƿڴ
䳡ϵû˿ͣ١
һ֮Ѹס˿ڣ۷ײһ
ϯĳ컹ûȥӵĿ侲ޱȣֻʮ֮һϢʱ䣬  гٴδ̳ û˿ֻһ˿ϸ΢ڰŷӹǿռ䱻նһѷ졣
书 ޿첻ơ
۹ ϵȲϱϵ ٶȻΪһ˿â
侲ޱȣ ǰ˲һܣ ڱ֮ѸȴΪԼѰҷĻᡣ
ٴ̴ıܣһӰһƬ
ϴ˿Ѿһ㱡ͨվվȣƺûκӰ죬һŽӰΡ
侲𣺡ʦܣġ
˵Ļľٶȴû˿ɻ
䳡ƺһƬѩ磬ϵıҲһһ㸡𣬻Եм䳡С
̨ϵ켫ƽ̴ȥǼȥ󡣡
䳡СٺͽĹܸߣ漰䳡ԵܻܿƽԼҲó񣬾۾ضţ˶ֲѶԷŪˡ
սôգгѨʱһ֮¡
û£վһƬѩУϸıѩмķâ֮⼸ҪƤ޴ӵĴ
ϯ¶ЦݣҲʦֹȻΪ
Ļһֵɫ΢⣬ͬһڽƮȻɢ
ӵʶȻ޷֪ںδ
ɨһȦûκԥЩϸķѩڿнᣬһǵصķ
ǧһ֮ɫĹâӹ󣬽ͷ鿴ֻܣһɫ˲ʱӹʧڿС
ʱšҲ
ϸѩ׷׹䣬Ենȱڣֱֱ£ٵڴֳ֮
汻иݺύӡǣܿųС
ٲЩݺύĺۼִϣȴϢһϸĶ̱
գӵ£ѸԽ뽣֮ķϸķд͸˽
ִͬ㱻Ҳû˿ݣڷٴͬʱֹâۣ֮ǰڵϲϸмͻȻεضһ˲ϸ볯
ٸ֪Ũܵ⣬ʱѾν뿪̷ֵıУܿâķ
Щϸмһ˲ӹԣûд͸壬ϸĸ˿ڡ
ϯʱѪȾˡ
һֺ֮ܿһξ룬վڱѩСλãϸܵ˿ڣӿѪȴ𴽽ǣЦʦ֣㻹ǲݰ
ղŵĿضأ㿪ʱЩϸķâֻĲȻ˵Ҫһ⡣
ӺһֲڸĶ̱γ׸ֹּסѪЩε׻Щ
Ϊߣ϶ֺͽŶܽصҲΨ
飬üʶ飬˱ˡ
㲻ϷˮֻЩʱʵ̫ˡ
ҲûöԴе̬ȶԴ١
ϯԴҲ⣬ӹԼĶ̱˦ȥ滹ȵѪֻ̾˾䣺Щòˡ
ź
˿׺ݣʵЩѹ׵ıûó˵սɵЩҲֻܴԵеʱ򣬻ͬǴηڳ׷ɱʱ򣬶ԴԼվ޷óϾǵĿǱԡսֳߵͣŪԷ
ϯЩϧӵɫºͣûʲôرʦҪԣӶҪҪͷپһʤһ¡
ֻۼƺ붯֣ڹ̨ϵƽѹֲסԼ˲м䡣
˿˶ѪģϢңЩǱ
켫ƽ̿ͷð΢΢˶񣬲ŵ͵ˣ̫֣ôţôսҺǴ򣬱ܽʮ£úѹһѹɷ
պʵڲ֪˵ʲôá
˵Ļվ޷òã˶Ķ࣬һд۵ܹ⣬ɴʲô
վ˵ʵ˵öᣬúúˡ
ƽ˵ϸõе޵ӣһ־ͳŶԷŶȥ˵ȥ˭ţֻ˵ޡĿɳЩ
ǼƽɫʵЩѿ˵˼ٳ˻ƽ̵˵ͷðɣ´ٱԡ
´Σ
ƽȴҵ˿תŷߵбҸ˵ĵطȥӶںǰۡ
˴ƽԼͬ˶ԵлҪš
ҪΪˣشϵĲΣҲóʮֵĹעһδ
ֱһ٣ϯȴûʲôоϰˣƽ˵꣬Ƴ۽Сʣǡ˭Ӯ˭䣿
Ҫ
ƽȻûĿʱһ
΢΢򴽣Сֵͬ˵޵һ޵ڶӮȻҪ
˵ûʲôϯ˵ûҪҵװƣҫ仹Ӯܲҵ»ҪҪ
ȻӮĿģ;ʧܶǳ£ûϯ֮ǰҲٴΡ
ϯüȥδؾͻ˱Ϊ൱Ƚݡ
ֻƽҲ޷Ǽȥˡ
ǽд۵ǿǱԣɱͲбˣǽв
ƽ̵÷ٺͽָʲôëͬΪŵӣδܳΪ£Ϊ˷ֱ˭ǿЩ˭Щ޲бó£
ǰֻЩ»׵ģͷٽһֶԽˣǾ仰߳ࡢīߺڡ
ƽ̴ǿҵ۰ѪȾ졢ɫȴʮ޹ķ٣·𡮶šϱһ㣬ϯЩĪ
ǽŸº͵ڣʦӮˡ
Ҳ򲻳ˣ΢΢̾˿ıУ⣺ˣ˵ʦֲǫãӮҲûʲô˼
ûֻԽƽߵߣ˿˿ڣ¶Щϧ֮ɫЩȥˡ
ɵģȴ¶ɫ￴ʵЩֺΥ͡
ȴû˿졣
ʦ
սʱ߾ȫǶأ֮Ŀ¶ϧƣֻЩ⡣
ϯЦݣҲܻ䣬Ѫ߱ߵߣһȥʦ֣ɵŬˣһᱻ¡
Ҳ΢Цá
˵˵ЦЦҲûˣ䳡ܿһ˺ʧǰֻƽ̻վһƬưܵ䳡ϣɫۿɼز̫ÿ
Ͽҧӳһ̲סĿ𳤵Ļ˶
л˵
ƽ̣еë
٣Ҫˡ
ƽ̣Ӿôˣв
٣ðɺðɣ㿪ľͺã»õ
ƽ̣


185 ʶ
ս꣬ پܾ˽˿ڵ뷨ʦּ䣬Ի˾ٸ
һžͿ΢ЦվͥԺ ƺͥԺеķ羰ȻԺʵûʲô羰͡
΢΢ü ͥԺһͳҩã һǰôˣ
ûٻ
Ҳ⣬ ʾͥԺ£ һġ
ټ˱ȥԡ ȵȣԡġ
϶ѪҲнģ ģ ܲ
Ȼͷ
ٱһ˷ڡ
ŪһͰˮٰ·һѣ˲ϵѪ˽ȥ
Ȼ߲Ⱦ˳ ͨһԡ£ һǻЩ
ϯľͰ ˫ִͰϣۻ³һ
ԼһңһЦ
Сѣ ݺ𣿡
ۣ Ťͷȥ ΢Цڴߣ Ŀº͵ؾע
ϣ ּΪů͹ĸо
λǰȻûʲô˼ɡ
ٿһۣҲû¶ѰŮӵĽߣھ޴ľͰ⻻˸ƣȻţֵǰãͬ˵Щʲô
ûֱӿڣһۣЦСѵǲСڡ
Ȼָ
ϯԼͷˮظֱһӣȻɻʲôǰҵĸ֮αС̬
ڡĸϼЩ
΢Ц΢ЦݡƽСѣ벻֪ĸŭʱʲôӣ
⻰в̫֮أϯڨڨһЦɤӣЩ̬Щǰʲô£סòˣǲȥͬƽ˵ܲܿǰǡ
ĹУ꼣ûлشֻЦЦպʦֱԣҵǿ֣㻹ѡ񡣡
ʲôѡ񣿡
Ҳ֪ɻװɻ󣬿ɾ˵ʱ򣬽ӽͻȻ춯
ϯɫ΢٣һ˿ע룬ǴѶöĴͷ
ʲô£
ͽ֮Ҳûʲô¿ɲص뷨ֱӵ꼵潫Ѷ˳㿪һֽѶôһ仰
Լʱˣȥ㡣
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仰ʵڿʲôϵ֮ǰǴδѶ仰Ϊڴ˫ޡ
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˫ޣ
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ٰһĲţô
⼸϶УˣؼҪԺε̬ȥˣ֮ĸʵڴ۸ӡ
˼֮ʣڴߵȴȻôСô۰Ͱ͵Ѱ㣬Ҫʲô
֪һѶݣԻ֪Ѱ˫ޡ
ϯȻֱӸϾǸɶļһ˼ûʲôʦɡ
𣿡
˵ͷΪº͵ͬ˵ʱҲСѵɡ
ºʹݵЦݺĿ⣬λľʶ̽켫κһϢ׾٣ûá

ЩĳĬϯѿڣǰʱܲܣҪ͵Һʦ˵
ΪΣ֮ѵʲôɶԵģҼȻĸʲôϵأ
ּµ֮⣬һҲʵǸӻ˼Ĵ
ԡͰŴã˿ֿͰϣ̬Ҳ
㣬Һʦ˫ޣ뿴ͿɣҲû˿
Ŷ
ûںǰ仰ȤСѻְá
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̹Ȼͷ𴽽ǣʮаȵЦһ涼Ȼ
ٹҲǰһЩϹǿ߶ϴУȤҲ⣬ǰģҲûмʶġ
º͵Цһ˲
ֻж̶һ˲
ܿµҲãȻʦְɡ
ٲ֪еġҲáʲô˼ûпΪѶ룬һѶϢ
պ𡣡
û˵ʲôֻʲôؾֱӾţԼԼ˫ֱ͵ҡ
ѶϢӽ䣬۾һ۶Ȼڴߵ꼵ǰҪˣһܰɡ
ϵЦݼȻǡĸΪʲôأ
仰Բ뿴Щʲôڵ٩ϷŪ꼾ôӡ
ãɴ˵ͷҲǣϸĺܺõģ鸹
˵ֱӰľͰԵվ
Ȼڷٴˮվ֮ȥѾʧڴߡ
ϯЩع˹ϴлҶ
߹ʲôںȫںòãֻҪҪ޵еġ
غСӣٴľͰƵزϵˮ飬·һšͷָ湫ģŴ߳˷䡣
ȻͥԺֻʯ϶һײߣںȲ衣
üӿа֮⣬ߵ£ֱǰһ裬˿ڲŵǰʲôߣ㷴ǲľ֮飬зŮ
⻰ЩǺˡ
ִ̾СѣϾǸŮӡ
ûŮӣǺںʲôں档
ǰ뿴𣿡
΢΢üһ֪ͼ뿴ʲôҶ㣬ؿ
ٹǰҲ
Ȼǡϯӷǰʾٸһż˵ɲǰģʵֻ˫֮⣬ҲǲܴӦΪѣҪ̸ʲô飬һ²˸ʱøӣҲһѾݡ˵ˣ̫ǿˣϲС˵ġ
⻰Щ̿
ʦֺҲС֡
ǰ㲻˵Щشս¶ղ֮⣬СʦΪҲ֮䣬Ҫǳȥ죬ܲġ
Цٴһ⿴ԵСѣ
л˵
꼣ȫҪ

٣˵˵ѣôţ׼˴ţƣôܳȥ죬ҿǸרһˡ


186 ĵ
ĶĴǰ Ȼˢʶ
ĸ˵ڣûп佱˼ϯԼҲ֪ ˺ܿЦǺǵغ˵ǰҺ㿪Цأ ᣬҿǸרһˣ ҺʦֵȻΪͶϣ ҺٹԸ̫ʣ ǰҲܿ
΢Ц ɫҲشֻóĿעӣ Ȼ˽Ļϸǰ˵Ļ
ٺڳ˼䣬 ֺ˼裬ҲǰҪûµĻҪչˡ
ֱʱ꼲ſڣҷſʦֵıԡ
š
ټл˵ ˺裬 ʾ
꼿ݲľٶ ȴ΢Ц͸Щζ
ʦֺں֮
Ŷ˵
ҲӽӽóװС
ʦ֮ǰҵ֮ټ Ƿһؾ 㿴 ˳õ֮𡣡
꼲ûнӹУ ֻǳɨһۣ ЦλʦֻºЩ̫һ
⻰Щ⡣
һ΢΢üǰʲô˼
꼲Ե޹˵ֻ߶һͻȻ𣬶ȻǷʲôɷٲýʲôĴܡ
Щ֪ҲУ˵ʲôٶҪǲŵġ
ôŽֻԼ۹⡣
˼ˣϯ׷ʣǰ˵ʲôƭңڰɣʦֺܵġ
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ʮָգƸϣ˿ȥʮУֻĻȴԵЩԵ˼
֮ѾҲҵټʦ
⻰ʵڲǿ佱һ
΢΢üؾ쵽˼
ǰлֱ˵αعĨǣҲˡ
СвѾ뵽˵ʲô𣿡ɿյ˫֣ȴһ˿صãҪ֮ʦֳȥһˣѰҲѰٵĶҷսһ˿ֵ֮켫ڵĹһϹ
Ϲ˵񾵣
΢΢ܿ콫е뷨˵
˵֮ǰҲɹ񾵶ʦ˺ܴӰ죬ȷʵ仯ܴ󣬵ϸ۲񾵲ٿصӣǰԵĲ˵ûб񾵲ٿһһܿģǾӾʩӹӰ죬ҲڲôãӰôҲʦ֣Ӧҵ˼Ȼѵʦֲٿ澵ӣ
˵ȻһЦûۼ澵ӣԲǵһôɰٹ˵澵Ӱ죬ϹʱˣˣȻʦֲƽӹ֮ȴҲⷽ롣
һ㣬꼺˼
˵Ƿ٣κһ˽񾵵˶ǽڲٿ澵ӣӰ죬ֻ񾵲ٿؽ
ܿ϶ûб澵Ӳٿأ澵ûʶʲôӰ죬Ҳֻϸ΢ġ
ϯԼ֪ϸڶ֮ͷûʲô仯ڱжϣȻ˽ʦ֣ȷʵϷһ˿֮ʦֺ澵һʲôϵδǲٿ뱻ٿصĹϵҲǺҲδ֪

ϯĲ豭΢΢ǰ㣬¶˼ֲ죬˵ʦֺ񾵺˺ܴı仯ûб񾵲ٿأΪֻǺ澵ӴһЭ飬澵ûϡ
²ѡ
꼶΢΢һЦ
ϯȴûע紺ůЦ⣬ֻ°ͣ˼
ͷҲԣ˵Ĳûпܣʦֺܴʲôף澵ǸакܴΣգԶΣķǲӴ漰ʦֲ᲻һ㣬ΪʲôҪ񾵴ɽףûиҡ
ͽ޲ɶԣʦôģ漰ʲôΪѵ£һʦΪѵǼ¾ͺйء
˺һͻȻ̧ɫЩˣǰ˵ĺпܡ
񾵹һӰ־аǶʱǴ»ʱʦΪռпûи𶯣ֺ֮˸ңʱ񾵣ͬ澵ʲôпܵģֻҲףΪʲô֮ı⣬ϲ𣬶ʼϲңѵҲ񾵵Ľйأ
ٱûˣֻʦܵشʹ̼֮ͻĸı䣬¡
ʧȥټľʼǺͷĴ󻼡
ϸһվУҵȥʦ֣ûҺ񾵴ɽס
ʯһϯͣ˲ӡ
ȻЦôͣˣ
ĬһϢ߻ԭأ¡
ø侲Щ
ôóȻȥʲǰ취ȻҾʦֲƭңңȻ漰澵ӣҪһķǰԸȥʦ֣ʱܲڰ۲һ£
ԡ꼵˵ͷȴָܿЦ㲻Ҫȥʦ˫ޣҿŲ̫ðɣ
⻰ûʲôһºͣ벻ƽº͵֮µЩʲô
ȴһ֮ǰǺ̬ʮĴݵ
û£ʲô£ǳͺӤƵģҲ޷ƤҲһߣҵ񾵸Ҫһǡ
ҪҲǵһˣʵûʲô뿴Ȼῴ뿴Լţⲻܾ飬ȫλԾ˷ٲô̹Ȼ
Լײˣ沨
꼲֪ǲǿ뷨һ¶һζЦݣð˵ġ
ȻһƬ̹ȻЦݺη塣
ҹ
񾵵Ѿǰˡ
һֱڱչأãҲࡣ
֮ĵ죬ͽԼʱ䣬նûֻ֣ҹ˾ʱţСػ˸ס
ھٸͥԺϣѾ׵ĸϸǰҪ㷢񾵵ټһҪץס澵ӣʵǺ˲ǳ
ͷɨһۣСѣô˳۶ˡ

¶죺ΪʲôԼͷһֵ֪ûòɷҲٷ簡
ΪСģȥ졯ĿСɡ

⻰ס
𾲾һŲߣٴζǰǴûʲôû񾵵ټǧҪʦֶַߡ
㲻˵޷
޷ʦֽⰡ
̾㲻ÿ˶󷽣ܶʱǵ˵˽Ϊ˴ĻǰδҲ⣬֮ʲôҹܲҿУҲңҾ͵û
˵ǺЩ꼾ȻϸһͷãģҲʦĸŮʲôǣ
𣺡
ѹֱ˶ϲ꾫ΪȻ
һĬ֮󣬸ֹ˺Ľطǽ߳˾ٸ
ҹ˾š
ʱ󲿷˶ԼͥԺٳ߶
Ҳһžֻж¥ӵһյ΢ĵƻҡҡ׹뵳һϢ
վ濴һۣںϵͳ²һ䣺ǳˣѧ⻨ڵĶˡ
˵ʹӴ򿪵Ĵҡ
ﲻֻϵƻ΢ҡΣûߵѾޡ
ûд̬ʮְڴϣ۾˫ֽշڸ
𷭽Ҳûֱۣߵߣӵļ

ӻۣвʲô֮ɫֻЩд档
˵˾䣺Щӻ𣿡
á
֮ߣԼԼ˱裬һҹء
ȻԼ˫޵壬Ȼûһ£һܿ̽Щ񾵵ܣ˫޷ǴҪ
ûоܾܿҲߣ˵˾䣺衣
ǵһҲô˵ġ
Ȼ˷ǣٴӸĽǶȿʮꡣ
ЩʱͻȻѯ廹𣿡
ãá
ʶش꣬ž仰ʵЩ֡
˵ͷǱá
ƽº͵ݰ죬̲סӣЩҲ˲ٴţȻϲϯΪʲôҪأ
սӣ⻰ŲѣΪѾ൱ڡˡ
ȴȻʮ򶨵ͬ˵ǰͬ˵Ҫ㣬ֻ˫޶ѡ
𣺡
ʵˡ
ǽ˵Ļ
ǣֻȷʵ˵ˣҲôںʱʵЩܺ;ʴӡ
˵Ըı䣬Ҳڶ̶ʱڱ仯ôɣ
ֱӴһרһĴůб˰X顢һ̤У
ֱ˸ۡ
Ӿþû˵ֻڷ
һʱ֮䣬֪ô¶Ի
Ӽ۾ģ¶Цݣǰһ
ǺģҶϲ㡣
仰һЩʾζƽʱôҲҪһ룬ʱ˿̣֮ǰĳ̫ڸûǱ룬Ժֻһ仰ǣס
ŨüۡĮȴֳĽʦƺһ֮Ŀа
Ȼþܾúܾ֮Ųߣ˶񣬵ǡϯأ˵˵
šȻɵͷûһѹӣģЦҡ
ЩԼôɣܣԼ˵Լ˿Ҳֻòʾ˵ȻὫܣҲղʲôҲ˶˵
Ӽ˵һԵĻʱȻǸ⣬ȻҹȻ΢Уƽ̵ڶ
Ŵѣƺڴ⣬һſǲ죺𣿡
ʱ𣬶ƽ˵һǳֵ¡
ѾͷٷҲûʲôϵˣ켫ʲôƽ̲ӭǸ𣬾̤Ƭءһˣҹ˾ʱ
Ҳͻһ£Ťͷ⣬һƣŷʵƽ̣·
⵽һʲôԵ֣
ƽȴһ֮ҡͷôɺϣѲţû󷨣Ҹ֪ϢһΪҸ֪ˡ
Ѱ˼Ÿôһ
˵ƽֿô£
ӻûش𣬸ѾһڣûʲôһŹۡ
ڣ
ƽ̿ͷ£ЩɣʲôҪʱ͵͵
˫֮
̹ȻһƬҼǵϴκ˵

˫˫ޣ
ƽѵЩͣظһ飬ȻʲôʶҪ˫֮㲻ϲ
Ļû˵
ƽ̵ĿѾࡣ
ܸӡ
һ棬ڸͷ֮ѡһƽ̻ϣܺ͸һٲǽҵѪһ棬ӵô˵˵Լ÷٣СȻܿ˳ۣԽҲˣһ˸׶ûʲôŭƽȻΪЩʲôҲǵһȥ
ƽвԸһ𣬿ԼĶӾȻǸŪ˸УǱűΥ֮µС
֮ǰڽ̫ۡ
ƽһʱ֪θ롣
ĬãŵͳǲǸúʦ˵һ
üºͣʲôֻʦ֪
𣺡
ʲôʱ֪ˣ
ȻûĻȴǸ˼䣬ּƽĸӣĿջˮģԴǸΡ

ԭŨü۵ʵ˾ƽ̡
Ǽͽ϶û̫ƽøӵĿ⿴Ǻһڴ̾ˣ˵£Ҳܲˣϣ֪Լʲô
˵Щص뿪˴ߡ
ԡ
ֹãӲʵȥĸ𣿡
ھһ£ڴ˾䣺´ΰɡ
ĸ׺㡣
Ǻǡ
ЦЦǲҪɣҪϯǺá
ġ
ƺƶĿᶨֻǻȻºͣԺԶŸߡ
´һ
ûʲô˼£ڷһ䣬ɫڿʼ¡
ϯ˵ǰһϹаЩӰ죬𣿡
ûʲô󰭣㲻صġ
𣿡
ɨһۣҾ㿴ЩͬȻҲ˵ﲻͬչǼаǾﲻԣԺ˵
˶٣ʲô˾䣺ߺϯ˵Ҳɡ
á
Ȼ˳Ļûаֵֿ֮⣬Ҳûп˵ʲô쳣
ǡ
˻˵Щʲôȴһº͡һҲߡЩЦǿʼɡ
˵ЦЦĿ̹Ȼкúö
ֻʣһãȻֱƸԼĸ׽˵ʲô
ϴ˫ʱ˵ÿûзٵĺÿ

ôǳ
л˵
𣺾ͺס
ƽ̣ˣԺ󡭡ǻ˶һˡ
顣
꼣ҹȻܷḻ
#Ũü#


187 
һԿ޵Ļ бʦּôãеЩ
Ѿȴߣ Ŀм졣
һվһ á
֮󣬵Щ֣ ŲĿ⣬ һ䣬 µƺȴǰЩ
ԼΪ˺ܶ¡
Ҳûߴ вپ𣬱ࡣ
⻰ǰʾЩʲô
ոձġ׳񣬸û˼ ˿侲٣ 䣬;Щ֡
پָ׶ģҪͲˣ
̫׽˼
ɾ񾵵Ӱ죬һǰҲһԸδ̫仯ͻȻ׸ıԼ뷨ɣ
Ҫһݸ飬ڵʱ£ ҲӦٵġֵ顯ǣ ΪָҵǷٶǸ
ת¸ȥѰʲô˼
˼⣬ ֻһԼûע⵽û뵽ĵط
ֻǽעá
񲢲һ˼ĺʱûм˼䣬 ܿҲվ ЦȻ룬 ǿʼɡ
û͵ Ҳ֪ Ȩûˡ
ߵĴߣɨ۱죬룬ȥ˴߻شߣҲֻͷʼ·
Ȼȿڵģ˿ȴûжֻվǰ
£ִϣ̧ͷһۣ΢΢üôˣ
˵Ҫʼ׼ʼֲ˵˼Ѳ¡
Ըһ䣬Ǹһʱʧ񡣡
ҲͷĬؿʼΡ
֮ǰǴæңŵز֪Ǻãһȴ򶨡ɡ
ֻǸĻʼվЩ֡
ʧ
Ϊʲôʧ񣬿·ʧ𣿽Ũü۵ĺͻȻôɫʣ׽͸
ûϸ룬ֻͣһ¾ͼ·
˶ŵʱסµ֡
𣺡
֮ܳɫҡҷ΢ƻУЩͶȵ
˵˵˵ɡ

ٴξֵͦġ
ոնôˣҪող·һͻȻҪ죿
и̣ȴûϣָָֻߣЩ

Ϊ֪˵ʲôֻóĬԶԡ
Ҳ⡣
˴ڴ£Ȼſ˫ۣģƺڻ˵
ʵûסüݺһ£ŵӡⲻʰɣлֱ˵˵֮Ǿ˫ޣһء
ûʲôȤͽһ̸˵رڻûŪӵϲ˭ϲеĻŮĵ¡
һǸˬ첻ˮˡ
Ǽ¶˲ٿ֮ɫûǿջſ˫ָָۣԼ棬ʾ˵
𴽽΢򣬵û̷뿪Ȼһ¡
˶ŵıϣָо֮ǰȫ̬ͬҲһЩ
ȸ֮󣬽žº͵ǲǡϲĸף
û˿죬˵ͷͦϲĸ׵ġ
½Ӧ֪ƽ̷˾ûӹˣֳƽ̷˵ƫ
ֱӳϣЩû̫ͣ˻ǳĸأ
ӣ֪ҲϲĨǡ
Ǽ΢ûЩͷԵ⣬ֻڳĬ֮ǶԳϲǶ֮˵ϲ

ӣһȾԼǲΡ
ʲôʲô˼ʲôС֮˵ϲʲôԳϲ֪֪Լ˵ʲô
ζûһʦֻô׵⣬ؼı黹棬һҲЦ
ڰӺѵЩӣʲô˼ôŵҲڶѵĸְɣô
Ҳ˼
ǼЩɿüֱۣͦЩɫûʲô̫Ĳ޶˾֡
ûֱӸֻǵʹ
ֻǾáЩҴţ˵֮䱾ûʲôܿԡ
Ӻ䣬ǰ丶ͬģЩļˣɤӣҲ˵ûЩҴšɣֱ˵֮ĶԡҲ㣬ӣ㾿ϲ˻Ůˣ
֮ʮֺĿϲȻЩ֣ͻҲЩ֣Ǻôɻ˳
ԼҲЩ⣬Գ֮һʮֿ϶Ŀǻشҵδ޹Ů
һǰ
δ㲻ǡ
ʶֻǻ˵һ룬ͻȻ׺İԺһףһ˼ԽԽ
ôŽãЩɺԵǲǷˡʲô
ɫû˿仯㿴ⷬģͷ⻹ô᣺ûϵû
⻰ʵʵʱŭйֻЩڼ֮ǰܿƽϢˣڸ̡
ô˵ǵԽԽֱɢԺ
Ϊû˵ȻѾ˺Ĳ²⣬ð˾Ųʮˣڻûֱ˵ڡ
Ĭ죬ҲϲĸףҲ֪ôģ⻰ĺס
ͳЩĪ
İƺҲỺһЩ
ȻԺ񾵻ڲͣ
ƭ㣡
Ѿǵһƭˣ㻹
ϲĸףЩʦǣĻţ
˵²ƭٴˣþˣ

񾵲ͣЩʱպò飬΢΢˶־ôֻصԭ
ȻֻǰŮӣ죬ʮƽʶлشˣ˵ûб㶨ȻûУӲ˵ѡ
֮ǰֵ֮ܺľȫǼٵģ
вѵɣΪ֮ѰӲ˵ѣҲӲƭҡ
ʲôɣ
ܻ֪ġ
񾵿챻ˡ
ввҳȥҪ뿪ٴȥһҲһһɵӣ㱻˻ҪǮв
Ȼڴ˿̣뽭Զĸеȥ֮΢΢ҧҧǣѵ¶ЩŮҵĽΣǶ˼ϧ
ӿĲ𣿡
ˣ
ʶлڷƿڴ̼䱻Χ飬ãҲ޷ٷˡ
Ц˵ǰסĲ˴յúܽ
ǡ񾵵¿Ը𣿡
֮ǰòͻȻԽԸֱʿܸ졣
ȻӼʮȻ§סıû˿澵ϡ
ģ
θЩ
ţЩ취ס
ʶ񾵽ĲֱӾ͸࣬澵һֱӰҵ־һϽơ
ĻһתͻȻܸҿһûϹаʲôأ
ֻһƬ˵ľӣۣҵʶûó㿴ٸ㿴
Ȼ˵ѣ׾Ϳ˵ȷʵģҲûǿȷҪóֻĸп澵Ӿ˵ٹ־Ӱ죬ôӡġ
ǾıӰģֻҪһ㣬֮зӡطࡣ
գԼΪס澵ӣһСıʯƵӱû˵
޷Ӱ־
Ļʱ̾Ȼڼ콾һϣδؼ㡣
⻰ĵġ
һšҲҫ۵ˣĺǿǾĬԡȻģϲ˶콾ֵּ÷׷ϡΪĿꣿ
ΪǽһҲϣ߻仰˵ôŬôȻҲû˦һ˲
Ŀޣȴֻ΢΢һЦɫԣҲû˿԰֮ɫͬһʼʶʱһԶôĬ񾲡ǫ͡
ʣ˵Լ־ܹ֮Խó֮˵ܽ𣿰ϣȻָ·ƣ
ƺ뵽ĳҲͷȷʵ
ʶУѾӷ˼Ҫƴƴ
ٹԻŮҲЩԣᱻԷƻ󣬿û뽭Ȼݵôףǳԣֱƴӣ
ǰ𻹲֪ڽϣ¿ɺˣ֪ϣԸëԸһʯ˵飬񾵾ΪֻЦ
ײеŮˣ飬Ϊָܵ·ƣ
ôһ˲Ըһ˿־壬ûк͸棬ûкԽӴҲû˵һ仰
ǣˣһĶߣٹħ֮֮ݵŮȹ£ĿǰʼһϹΨһһͬħβˣԲѣƴӣڲƭִ¶׾ٵԭ¡
ڻûнӴѾܹܵжֲˡ
ھŽħ
ʲôϹʱڶ˼ˣѵҪıӦ
ҵĿ־ͷȻȴֻһһԽԽ͸
֮ǰ˵ЦôһȥһɹʶеĶԿֹ˶־Ҳ񾵵Ĺ̡
ֻʶˣҲ޷ʵеա
˼񾵣ʵı㶼ˣҲûʲôɻ˶һһȿڣǡ˫ޣ
˵ͻȻЩ˼ϾĳЩʵΣǰͽһô£óǳΡ
ֻǶڸԣҲһʱӰͽ˫ޡ
Ӻ΢ͣûмƽϹܿͷá
ͷſʼ·ֻǸԼļͻȻʲôֶ˼ɫһͬ˵鸹
Щɬ֮󲿷ֶܽǰﾳ⣬Ӻܿ˼
ʶ۸ĸֻڴϣǷɵ̬˵һ·ܿĶӡ
֣ĺ
΢ʮȻŲߣͷǣҵĲࡣ
һΥ֮ȴ˵ʮȻ
ʱ¶ЦݣԺȴ̺ϵͳ˵û˵죬ҪȫǵĻδﶼ֪
ϵͳЩɻ󣺡㲻ҲԼ鸹𣿡
ʲôҾãҾУôÿԣΪţô˵˵Ϲ˹֪ŲӰ֪

ϵͳԼȻⲻĸ飬Ի·
ʵУӻ֪Լǰ²˺ü䣬¶ЦݣҲ𴽽ǣû·ʱ£ףߡ
Ȼһҵܡ
һѹһҪѹȥˣǻǽ֪
˶Ϊ͵ߡ
ٽʱˬش߻ؾٸ
սԺű㿴ͥԺʯߺȲ裬ЦСѹ治Сڡ
ǶŮʲô̰ӡ󣬾ŮӾ͸ý֮ģʵ̫̹Ȼ̫ˣЩӦ
˵ŮӣҲûġ
λӱûš
ȴ˿ɬûУֱߵ£ҲԼ˱裬ŲƵǰ𣿡
¶֮ɫСѣûְá
ʧˣһΪῴģûҵˣź

⻰꼶Ӳȥ
ҪĶ˵⻰
꼶Ų豭ĬһŵʦҪ֪˿ģֻҪ̾ٽɱźá
ʦֲŲᡣ
ٴһӣҺרһģȻĽҵĺܶ࣬ˣֺαؾܾٹ񣿡
ǰ˵ܾٹΪϵǣƤң˵Ҳ棬ϾܾһλʵҪԭֻٹиϵǣһ󲿷˶
̫ջҲãλҲգǮƣԴǡȴʸ֮ˣһҲҪ˵ʮ֣ŵﲻöôںôʵжȴȾ󲿷˶ҪᶨģҲòࡣ
֮ڴʵǸֵˣʮìܡ
΢Цעãʵ޷͸²豭Ц뽭˫;пзʲô쳣
ûС
ٵҡͷأ񾵵ټ𣿡
ûС꼵澵ӵϢƺԽԽˣ֪ǲǾ쵽ҵĵΡ
ǿϧһһϹаء
ϯûʲô̾һ䣬裬Ҳ²豭˸Ȼŵ΢΢üƺҫƣǳ죺۰ǰĺã˫ʲôˡ
ɫһ٣Ȼ΢Цü۽Ƕ͸֮ɫֻЦһ˿˿ϰΪǳ
Сѣһλ߲ʲôϰߡ
л˵
٣
꼣
꼣ٶƼ䣬˵һһϲ
٣
#ȱ£ûܱȷٸǿ#
#ӣҺұٹԵӵħ#
#緢ϯ#
PSŮֻû岻ģȥеģȥǸ塣


188 
ϯҲͼҫһ䣬 ûҹڳ
˼䣬Ŷû񾵵Ϣûھٸ
뿪 ٳ˸ţ һǰѶʦߺš
Ӧ ¡
ƽ̵ɫƺЩ㲣 ⸴ӣ һûϢõĴ Һͬûô١
ƽ̴ôҲҪȵۣһеĲŻῪʼ顣
ɽԵúܳĬ
Щ⣬ û ҲûʣȻһˡ
Уپ󣬽Ҳ࣬һűһۣ û˵ ֻվ࣬ ˴֮˵Ĭ
ƽ̰üǣͳţʲô뷨
ɽ֮ǰ 켫ǳ׺˺Ƥ λųƽûɱ ֻȥ ˵֮ѡ ҪôͬһҪô켫ڱٳ¡
ЩʱշΪҲû̫ע£ƽˣƽһڡ
ΪŲڵͬ߸ΪɳܣԣɱӺá
켫ƽ̾˵꣬ЩûȻ֪ɱӺã֮һ֪ɱҪĴ𣿡
켫ڲƱдƽᳫŵͻƣԸ˵ڶԿУⲻֵá
ֻǲ˵ʲô켫ƽɫ΢֪ΪΣĿЩ΢ؿ˷һۣе䵭ͻȻЩŲߡ
ȡպһȻ˵Ҳе
٣
ϲŰ⻹ƽ̵һηŻ̬ȣϯһʱ֮侹Щϰߡ
ԵĳϵϵҲٸ֣ܾƽ̿ĿЩЩĪ顣
Լֻɫ糣޲졣
ֵ̬ȣٳ˻Žǣʱգǿһ𣬱ڱǸܺõѡƽԸȥһڣ˵
ѡһЩġ
ʮУڲᣬΡ֪ǵжԣҲúƽ̴ཻδڴʱ켫һٳ£֮ͥǰȻʾãûħ˺Ƥ£˵ˣһչزҲȥǣ˱ֻʣڡ
һƣλشƣиףһܺõĺ
ţе
ƽȿ϶һ䣬˵Լ뷨ܲս֮ȻãŴ壬ֵôˣ֪Ųƣŵ̲һЩϹ֮ףڣҲƽ̲Ըƣûжõ̰ˣҼţϹߵľ磬ζҪһűƵ֮
ô˵ٲûиеգ棺켫Ҳضĵʲôܸҿ𣿡
źӡ
ƽ̵һۣƽƽ̡ż˵ẉ̂ƽ̲ɵ֪
ûڲ٣ŵȷʵֻƽһ˵֪ഫƽߣҲ֪
ô˵ٸˡ
ĩʱȻϹʱԻ͡ãɺôִɽôãִЩ壬ֻ˵ΪܽϿƺЩ
Ϊ֮ʮϵĶҲЩʵ
ٷٴû켫ڵ̫ϳϣ֪ƽ֮λĸ沢һƽΪӣЩжƽ֮λǿܲж֮㶼ˡ
һλҲû
Ϊƽ֮ӡδ̳ˣͬҲû켫ڵ̫ϳϡ
ÿս֮ʱƽԲս֮Ϊͬѹƣʵ켫ƽһɱ֮ˣĴѪǿߣνȲƱ岻Ʋƣǡ
÷پʮŻ˲ٲΪ֪ء
һϯɴǰһЩƽ¶Ц
ƽˣʲôҲ֪𣿡
ƽȻɫ䵭ϯ𣺡Һʦһ壬켫ڳҪЩˣҲ˲ͬΪпɣҾǰһЩõ洫Ҳûʲô⡣
⻰켫ƽ̶ȻҪɽ֪ʲôͻȻüͷ΢壬ɨֿ
Ĭһŵ½֮ҡ
ͬ˼ˡ
ʵڴ˺࣬Ȼ֪ΪΣҲǸ£ûЦ񣺡ллƽ̣һʦֺúΪǡ
⻰ûʲô⣬ֻ켫ƽɫ
·лʲôأȴض
һЩ֮£ʱЦݺͽ߳Ӧ׼һȥƽ̴ˡ
һֱû˵ʲôֻ֮߳ס֡
ȡ
ϯЩڵؿһΪԱ߻в˿ţȴܿߵ𣬽ҹԺ
ɫһ鲻ģֻ΢Щ̻
ʦܣ
΢٣̴˳ʦܣҹԺ

ŤͷƳһۣȻǼ
ʦ֣ѵ㣬Ϊء
Ȼ˫޵ʱȷʵͦĵģȿȡΣһɫˣĹôôϲ˵ֻ
Ȼɫ
ҲΪΪԽԽá
ʦ֣ǰġ
΢ѹ΢򴽽ǣЩǴ𣺡ƽ̽ЩֵֹģҲĹƽ̡
ȴƽ¡
ΪҹЩˡ
Т˳
ϯ˵һ䣬ȻһȦû˶ͽż˵ʦ֣ƽ˵ŵʲô˽𣿡
΢΢ҡͷڷΪʲô֪ʱȴͻȻ
˵ʮѹһ磬ǸлвϹʱںͺڰʱڲд塣
ģ
ٿʱЩ졣
ƽ̲˵ֻм̳λò֪ܵȻƫġ
Ǹ׸ҵġʮƽظҵġ

û뵽ֳһλܿĿ⿴Լʦ֡
㾹ܴ׳
㲻̫֣ʵʮųڶٶЩӰ죬ħ𣬵嵽ִϹʱ꣬ණǵĲҲֻʱǨѲ׺ɣ
ǿߣٹһ۵̣ħǱȲġ
ЩƵĻʵͷ˵ֻǲἰЩء
˼ˣϯ΢΢ͷͬǿȥݼƽ̰ɣ֪ء
ƺ˵Щʲôȴֱһ仰ȥʦ֣һֱܾ㣬ҡɽЩ˳ɫЩ߰Ķôܳɴҵ

Ŀ΢ʦ˵ǡ
л˵
٣̫Ȼա

#ĬĬؿշ#


189 ƽ
ʹ˵ ˵ʦȻ̫óȴǸܴˡ
˵һ֮󣬽ûٿȥԼԺӡ
뿪Ӧ ںгнȥ켫ƽ̡
ƽͥԺ ϣ켫ƽѾͥԺеʯǰǣ ˣ ˵˾䣺ôô
˺һˡ
ûԼոںʦ̸ĳЩú˵Ļ ֻЦˣ õȡ
ҲףϯԼѰŵ£۾ģ ˵˵ء
ߣ ҲԱ¡
켫ƽ̴˵Ҳջ𣬷Щ䡣
ĬƬ̣ſڡ
պ󵽵˵ģ ҽʱͬգ 켫ѳ콾 ȺǻţұҲӴǰĹأЩǰǡ
õĺõġ
æͷ Ȼ˷ܵǲǵ绹ѹŲ壿

켫ƽ졣
˭ģ
ϯɵָָԱߵӡ
ƽ̼״Ŀŵϣ û׷ף ֻ֮Щģɰ˵˾䣺 ЩЩ۲Ŷԣ ĪҪ˼
⻰˵֣ӳûʲôر̴ֻ˾䣺ס
ϣײźá
ŷڳƽҲ˵ܿ˵
ȷʵһ磬ºв̫һ׼ȷ˵Ǻڰʱűںڰʱ
ڰʱϹʱĩʱмһΣʱ̡ܶ
Ϲʱħս½Ѫֹħ֮ս嶼УҲвΪ˴ԼȺһ콾ͻ͵͵ͳȺصһ֮أǵطϴһΪӴС磬ؾͬ
ǴСǴ˵еĵ磬ϹʱĩڣֻСĴڣΪūۣȦʳʱвΪʳ
˵£ƽ̵Ҳ˼ֵͳǿʳ׼ûйڱܿ˵
࣬ǿҲ٣ΪϷ塭񿴱ʵ츳ԪͨȲκһȺЩǿȺҪܸ꣬Ǽޱȣ岻ͬͨ˰ܷܼ
ƽɨ۷٣ȵĿƽ˵ʣµĹ¡
һֱϹʱڽڰʱ٣帲ħսУħţʣЩڵǹӲдֻʣǧ岻ΪȦū۵壬ڵԽԽ࣬ΪԵϣҲвԲдŵʱڰ֮УѸӣӦϣΪƬµˡ
ڶ࣬츳ԪҲ콾һЩͨΪ죬߲并ӲдʱƬȻģʮŵԺڰʱڽܳ콾ǽҲˣ˺󣬲ؿɽ硣
켫ƽ̵̼ذγɵǰǣ󲹳ȻЩżصĴ˵Ҳûۼ
ĳ׷ʣǵˣ
ΣϹʱڲд̣Ȼ֮أαңûȥ硣
Щϣ켫ƽ̾Ȼ˵ûȥ硣
ԭˡ
ٻȻ򣺡ѹǰִħӡϸ˵ħ฽ӹӦҲУȴδԭڵ磿ô𣿾һֱڵ磬˵ܴ󣿡
ȻǲĵģΪ泤ȥƽ¶ɫ֮Ϊ𣬿Ҳٶ꣬꣬ôֻһǿߣʣµĶţЩд˵磬̤벽
ɽģʮŵģѪЩĶ͸Զѹڵ£ǸѪĴۣһǰ̲нվ棬գΪΪʳ
ѵÿƽ˰¶ʱ򣬷óݵĿ⿴Ĵָ佱һ䣬Žŵǵħ𣿡
ʵ˹ؼƽɫԳȻûУˣһգħĸӹǲ٣СӣƽſˣЩǿûûСģҸ㣬ִϹʱκһܱȣħλħϹŰûº˼һޣ岻٣ǿҲ٣ħǰȻʧɫħж⣬֪ʲô𣿡
ѵĳûо˸޷ϹʱĻԻͣ㿴ĲǱɽһǰˣʤ̭ףǼзˡ
ƽ˵⻰ûע⵽ǰɫЩ䶯
˲٣һº͵ҲǳһЩԡ
پͲһˣ¶ʮε飬ȿӣڨڨ֪Һħ֮ѵԭ𣿡
ƽûлشֻȻƽˣ֪£һλߣ²Ҫ̫ħλǲܳأȵǳأٿ
ϯˣƽ̻м̵˼΢΢ҧҧǣƽ֮ǰʵΪλħ֮ҵĵ£Ҿܾˡ

켫ƽ죬ȴûһ£Щŵ˵ʲô
Լˡ
ֻظһ飺ҵĵ£Ҳ룬Ǿ;ˣҲ֪Һʦָܺõģһרһˡ
ƽòŵ㵱ĵ£
ţҪͨľѣȻǳˣҸѶ
˵ı˲ռײռ漰֮£Ҫ
ƽƺһʱ֮Щܲʵ΢ʲôҲû˵ĬãͻȻ
㡭
һ仰ֻ˸ͷƽֹס˻⣬·ͻȻʶʲô
۷٣ĿĪˡ
ϯЩҲûƽϣֻ˵˵ҵĴѵ𣿡

ƽûش
治һǿϹŰϹʱȻԼĶӺģҲäĿţϡ
ƽ뵽ȻһͻȻ̧ͷٵͦˣҴȥͨĴ󿴿ҲˣȻȥϢɣ٣ԹŶޣ㵹ҲôģŮ鳤֮·곡Ϸա
٣
ƽ˵ʲôôһ䶼û
ϯ̧ͷɫǳãůֽƣϷǳܰ
ôͦˣ
ƽȰ곡Ϸ˭ϷٹܲǺͽɣ
¶֮ɫ룬׽ĳֹһ䣺û°ɣ
Ѳƽڱˣ
л˵
٣ˣҵˣ
켫ƽ̣ҵʲôҪ߰¡
٣׼׼׼ϯˣֻܺűʹ̳ƽ֮λ
켫ƽ̣
#뵱ҺͷͶϡô#
#ڵôô߰Ĺϵ#
#Ҫײ#
#һ¼ı˱һ#
#ȻֻС#


190 Բ
켫ƽɫӣ Ĺֻ˰֣û¡
Ǿͺá룬һ䣺 Ҳ̫ǣ ͷȻֱܻа취ģ ЩҲδػǡ
滳ƽѹ̫ʲô⣬ 򲻻˵ֵĻ
ƽȻͷ ûٶ˵ʲô
˾ĬƬ̣ ϯ𣺡˵ĵĴĶ
켫ڡ
Ĭ̾һ켫ƽͬǵɣҴȥ켫ڵ̫ϳϡ
ǱȽ¡صĻˣ ҹϵԺƽ֮λ Ѹɵظ߳Ժš
ƽ̴ɽȥ
һ·ϣ̲ס棺켫ж̫ϳϰ
Ҳ֪

ϯЩȣ֪켫ڵƽ̰
ÿһжƽ֮λߣǳΪߣ Ը Կ̫ϳ֮У ȥشţˡЩϲ£ڵŴչز ꣬ ЩΪ ˵Ѷ ҲЩҹս ߲ݣȫԼѡ೤ǷҵҲ޴ӵ֪ö֮ˡ
˵ƽ̿һۣɫ֣أƽԱˣҪǸҶشŵȱҵ㡣
ô᣿
ٷʧЦӺõˣﶼ׵ģʲôʱƽ̷˲

켫ƽɫѿЩ
ʲô˼Сӻã
ٶƽ̷ȷʵܹаԽҲƽ̡
ɫ̫ÿϯһŭ֮²ȥˣæתƻ⣺Ҳ𣿿ô˵еǽЩųΪʮ֮һģ
ƽ˵Եܹ֮һǴˣЩŵĳôӦ
ʮŲͬһʱڴкЩĩʱڲŴʮŸ棬ȻΪߵ㣬ŵҲʣ޼ԲҪµǵλãűû֣ҲĬϵġ
켫ƽ˵ʱ΢Ҳࡣ
ڣǳ޷ƽҲ޷಻һǣĴ£ϾɱɱüȮشŵһȻ켫ڲƱҪشۡ
㲻ҪΪһͬصĴűʲô飬ʮżᣬѪоǿߣҲǵĬϵ£츳̫ڶ࣬ɱʹøǿַǵΪֻ֮˭ҲԸԼΪ֮ˡ
ţһߵͷˡ
ˣƽķӼ̳ƽ֮λˣȻЩ˵ȻҲڣƽںԻ
˼ˣϯѵǰ¶жɫס֣Ϊݵãһúü̳ƽ֮λŷ󡣡

֪ΪΣƽһٵļӸУоֱҲû
Դµ˵һ飬ƽ̱㲻ֱӴߵ˺ɽĽ롣
Ѱʱǲ׼ڵģֻмκͷ󷨣˿أǿ˵ˣᷢΣյķԼΪڵǿ߻ǿߡ
ƽ̴Ǵ󷨣ܿߵһ̫۵ĴУһâ˱µء
һʮֻ谵磬ϻɵģû̫в֪Ķ͸Ĺ⡣
⴦һ˽û˿أԵʮ⡣
ƽִ߳ǰԼ˰ӣ˱㿴һЩ˵ĳ򣬳̫ڴһʯдżϹ֡ڰ
Щ֣ٺ濴һۣƽƵĳǾۼĵطֵط˵ػв٣򣬾ĵڡ
һ䣬ƽ̴Ǽǰ
˳ֻһһСԺ
ƽûڣš
ȵ洫Žȥ
ӳһʮͨԺӣһЩݣԺﻹиСƮż
һλ޷˪סݲϣ⿴ʮִһͷȴ߳ƽ̻Цˡ
ֿ켫ƽˣӣСʱһΡ
ƽЩڵؿһȹ񣺡̡̫
Ȼŵͬ˵Ǳ̫̣Ǳ㻽̺ˡ
˵ǰס¶ЦݣұҶӣнһģ
ƽһʱ֮䲻֪ô֮Ĺϵ
ǷԼȵӭȥ񣬵̣ҽз٣ƽ̵ӣƽѾΪˡ
켫ƽ̣
ĺĺ
ȻҲһ£ֿͬ񡢵û˿ɫĽ
κ˶ƽΪʲôԼ׶ΪѡһûнѪİˡ
ٺͽĹϵʵ˵ڡ
û̫ƽ£ֻһ£ЦúúãǺúӡ
ƽ̷ͥԺ£ѯʣʲô£
֪٣ʲôҪ£ƽҲ⵽Сǵޡ
ƽԳ£СȻվԱߡ
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߾ˣ
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嵱ǿܵӰҲ꼵Ĵʵ֪˲࣬ûкλӴҲû˵Ĵ˵ħԤϡ
ϾһʱĴڣһԪ֮ãҲ󡣷ʱħʣˣƺϹʱħЩʵʵΪϹʱ˽ⲻʵħʣµֻǾţһëųɾŵ˶ħսУˣȻǰ
ĹϹʱֻһλĹأʲôйʥء
һ̧ͷ켫ƽ̣켫ڵ콾ƽ֮𣬷һҪ˼Уȫϡ
ƽλö켫ڵȷлҪЩȻǳȴҲڳӵģ
ϸ۲һ΢תƽĿ˲٣ƺ׼˵Щʲôæ¶ЦݣȵشȥһĽģ
̣켫ĳǶ𣿡
Ϊһƽ̣ôҲԽء
ɫһ٣ЦҲסһҺүүһסȥ˴Ǳߡ
Ǻмֺﱲ˵Ĵ͡
ǷҲϹ̾λǰ£ͷɵ̣絽ǿߴԼжٰ
⻰һʲôۣ켫ƽ̵ѵСӣ
Է̫Ϥˣ˶һǿжپʲô£ƽȴԸȱǵİ
Щ֣Էٵ̬ƺ̫ãɼȻãΪҪΪƽԼĶҲ콾֮
ϯпϥߣίûУҲиף̶˵δ֪ᷢʲôȻҪȨԼħЩӷĹϼһҲͷϣгһһҪĺΪһʱİ
⻰˵żˣЩĿͶ켫ƽ̣ƺʣô£
½ĿǱƽ̻Ҫһٱ
ƽЩͷ۵ذ˰üģ͵̫̣СӺ˵һᵨ졢Ű裬»Ҫͼ֮
ͼ֪֮ž
ȻõеĿ⿴ϥߣ̣ҵ֮λ̾ͽڣ︩׳Ƴһħ壬䶼ûأҲϤԼһȥɣΪźãʦ֡
ָŽʵʦ֣˵ö𣿡
ƽصͷʦԲ顣
л˵
ƽ̣Ҿ֪Ҫһܿǰɣ
٣ֻܰΪֵˡ
#ƶ˵ϯ#


191 ܰ
ƽȵط·˵ʲôͷ˵ԣ ƽüֱ
ʵŪ˵ĸ
ڲǾ֮ϵʱ˷ٵĻ켫ƽ̣⺢˵ġʲô˼
Ǵħ壬 Ǻϵ׽ ֮Ų ʲô񻰹һ㡣
ƽ̼Ƴ˷һۣ û˵ Сӹ߻ᳶƤˣ ÿһġ
ô˵ϯͲˡ
ʵôͻˣ
ٴ΢и̣ ƽ̵ġ֮̿ʦ֡
ͬʮĬ Ŀ⣬˼
ɫǰҲߵ߶£ƽͣ䲻Ʒɣ ˼ŷʵ
ʦ콾֮ ЩſЩ Ҳ˵ѣһжźá
ء˳Ļ˵̣Һʦڣ ģ ز켫ڣ ʲôǿͬǻȥ ֪СǷΪ档һȣ ҺʦֱʢЩеΪִƴ֣СӾ÷á
˵üϿңȴԺˡ
ص磬긴һꡢոһգϵƽִšصҲĶӽЩǰǼĶ࣬켫ں뿪ʱӦûʲô̫ģ˵ܾͷѾ췭ظ컻ˡ
¶ɻ֮ɫƽʵûסԱߣСӣʲô
ʵǷ١
Ȳӻҵĸ飬ʲô𣬱ضǷߥģǸģһȫûɣƽѾʮо顣
ٻͷòͬЦЦɤӣЦӯӯƽ̣ǿ̫ˣΪֵأȻûʲôá
ٸһҾ㣬ˣҪߥЩصǣȰ㾡˼صݳھɱ㡣
ƽ̺ôʱ򣬿ɼǴǰٴ̼̫Σʮ־衣
ȴȻЦģֻ˽һߥǣ׼ȥһ̽
Ҫȥ磿
켫ƽǲ죬ȻסǣУԼȥš
û˵꣬㿴ºͼᶨĿͶȻʦܡ
˾ǵƽ̰θЩΪʲôģҸǣܳߣҲ׾ɱشϣƽ̵ľ磬٣Ҫɱƽ̣ҾʹӦȥ紳
ƽ̾ǱȽߡ
ôӡ켫ƽȻͷ۵ʱԽԽࡣ
ȴ˿գƽô˵ҲȻϸͣôδʿҲҪɱңҲ̫ӴŵߣҪȥЩ塣
ʿǿ
ûϵ
˳־ʹӽӽó꼵Ļ꣬ǰ˻ΣħĸӹԵ޹ʵһλߣܸһ仰ʱ䣬˾лɳˣûΣգؾҲǾһأҾҲ١
ƽ֪ڷһ˲ôǱ롢ô˼Ҷˡ
һͷ֮ΣôôϲƱˣڶ࣬۸ӣһ̤ȫû£һЩˣ֪ǲᷴˮ
˭˵Ҫ£ǣ
ٷòĿ⿴
ǻ΢ƽҲһЩ
ˣħϹʱڵףǸ߸ϣû̫Ӵľ֮꼱Ҳ࣬Ըȥ£˵δУҲ˵ˣϹʱūۡʳȺΪʳҲ˭£ȺֻϾɱΪһ壬ûǸȥ
˵Щʱ򣬴΢⿴Щľ
ƽĿ΢ƺֶµʶЩ
Ǿ͸Ҫ޷Ԥ⣬ڵ磬֪켫ʲôӰһ˲㸲Ѳֹһ˵ģ¸ýΪ
ƽ˵ʲôҲ͵͵Ǳ磬ķٲͬȻ뷨Ҳͬ
˽ֲ£Ӵ˱˴֮Ľ֣飺ǰӦֱܷĸȺ帽Һʦ崫ЩȺ̫Σա
廹߻ţûߵĵ磬帽ӹӦòɱ崫ߡ
Ȼⲻȫ֮ߣ͵͵ǱΣСࡣ
üһۣԵĻ˵ƽ̣ô˵ˣҲ˳ԣƽ̣ʱ䲻ˣ֪ħ᲻ǰǿ߲٣Ҳȵħһ죬ǵħ磬ɱ¾
⻰Ƿʵ뷨
ǰſ񣬿ȴϲı󶯡δѣǰ֪Ҳˣ֪ôһطôǿߴڣ֮˺˯
λϵԺһЩ꼣ٶҲǳġ
ŵֻԼ
ĿᶨƽڳĬ֮̾٣ϣ㲻һ콫켫ڴϾ·
ȻᡣϯЦŰοģҪһ쵱˾ҾԻᣬ켫ڸ仹Ҫʲô

ƽ̾һͻȻ¶ɫʮֺķٵļ򣬵˱Լ̫ѹħѽ⣬ħ
ǰΪٵķݸ˿ƽ̷֣С裬˵óõʳԡ
԰գƽڷЩĪĿɨӣʮޣҲǣĪҪв̤źá
֮˵ϯûĻƽִǻصǰ
֮ǰߵһҲƽϣȻЦݿ߻ء
ƽ̱һҾ̫̣Сǰ˲ٻ񻹲ʮܵеùǵĳѲˣƽҲ֮ΥؽˣСӵ˵һнͷ࿴ˡ
Цʮϲؿһۣ֮ˣ㵱ɫֵܹ࣬ϵҲδǵúúŹúӣǾסԺմȥˡ
һǶԷٺͽ˵ġ
ûĸϲԼҺ㣬ԽԽ۰ο콾ֻ˵ֵܡʱƽɫЩ֡
ҲûԵĽ͵Ļ˵ڡ
ǷٺͽԼûʲô⣬ϥͷףɫֶݣ̣޸ĸ΢ĩòŰڵ£ʦ׽Ĵ磬ܵôЩ۰Ұ˱ĸ켫ھҵļңҲκҵļˣʲôҲħҲãҲգҺʦֵٶ壬ƽ磬ǾҲˣ
ĻǼ⣬λȷʵ˵÷ǳи飬ֱᡣ
§ͽ谮§ڻúúãúӡ
ǶССϲòˡ
Ψƽվһߣɫƽ죬Ųߣ̫뿴١ɡģ
ˣСһȻܳƤŻˣҲһһ׵ǰȫǰ׵ˣСֻѡ
ƽվԱ߾Ĭ˺һ̲ס֣̫̣ȻȥˣлЩҪҴ
Сڻι
Ҳº͵ͷƽˡ
ƽ۸§һЩܲܰտ첽뿪
л˵
ƽ̣ˣҲҾǸԩ֡
٣ô˵ô̳Դأ
ƽ̣ǡ
#ƽ̣װ#


192 װ
ƽ뿪֮ §˵˺һȻŸǰס
СԺӲ󣬷Ҳ࣬ ˵ķ䰤һ
̸ͨ ٵ֪λ̵֣Ϊѩ ϴƽ̵ã ҲһλȽǿߡ
Слв켫ߣ Ҳδסһ
̵СԺϢһҹ ڶգѩš
;·ŵͥԺݣٶ࿴ۣ ֲٶĺۼ ȥ˵ɱ
̴ȥһλߡ
ʱٻΪԼˡ
峿飬ѩ°׷ֱͦԵʮῡ ֻɫΪ ѩȴڼʱ ڳơүү

ٴΪ𺳡
ڳƺǰһ桯֣ʵıǲ꣬ǡ̫֮ϣ ΪԼ㣬 ͳ֮Ϊ桯
Ҳ˵λǽѩ١̫ϵ档
üһ ǶٴϵˣߵԪ㣬 λٻǧꡣ
ٹǻٲȣ Ϊߣħس鱾ԪƳΪôߣɻǧ겻⣬λ壬ͨԪ٣ƽҲŻٶꡣ
һλǧ壬ҿȥôᣬɲħһȥ
ٺͽؼ񣬼˵켫ں콾ҲֻԻһЩϵȻԵʮֵ
ãҪ磿
ǡ
ɫ棬׼õļƻλ桯ŵģǲ̫鷳
ΪҪЩ˵Ͼƽ̵ʱͲͬ⣬ƬƺǰΪ
ȻǣⱲֲֻ˵ͷ磬ȥ帽ӹפء
ʮָɴˬ죬ԭҲûʡ
ٲ̲֮סʵǰԭ𣿡
ʵڲ̫ˣֲúһƺɴֱӺǰˡ
ҲûƺС£ֻǣ콾߽־ɶҡ켫ڻ죬ξ񣬽ɼ䣬Լ
⻰ȻᣬȴҲʮš
ٵλ˲֪ٴġ桯˲ٺøУЦǰҵһöѶ𣿡
Ҳԣöһһö
ϯ£ɫҲӿŨҵ
֣ǰģ£ҵȾǣ켫ڡ
΢΢ͷʲôҲû˵ֻʾ⽭ѩȥ
뿪޵סٲŹɵ̣ºͶࣺ̣λǰǿ
ѩҲľٶȻЦʮֳ谮
ʱһѹһʱĴڣһʮ޲ף˴棬үү켫֮ܳһ
Ҳʮϲӵԭ
ڷٺͽϣ·𿴵λүүķɡ
켫ٲЩǿѹ
ͬΪߣδߣɱ˴֮ʵҲر𣬺ʣλүүǼλ
ԭˡ
˼ûٶ˵
ӦԼ
Ѿסſڵˡ
ŲŲ֮ȥ
˱ಽظ
;У䵭ɵΣգɻǰδؼʱԼþ
Ǳ֮УûﵽˣѰл£ܶΪʳɼײУȫͬġ
޲Ϊǻÿ˶ҪΪԼѡ𣬵ΣգڸܼʱϵȻҲԮһϾԼŵ콾ĺ󱲡
ǡ
ٺͽͬʱ֣Ͻʲô֮ɫ
Ҳ˵ܿԽӣߵһΡ޴Ĺʯʹ֮ǰ
⹰ЩƽԭǸؾеĴţɱǸ󣬸ϲ°߲ĺۼ
޴ֱԽţǰȻ
Щ̡ƽСͬż߽ɫĮдзǿ󣬶Ҳƽö͡͹
·һƬɽ
һ·ߴ󲿷ֶɫҴңҲٲֻͣͬкֻǿ˸еЩ졣
΢Цɫݣ䵭˸ޣûˡ
ֱԽɽһƽشڼ˵һ塣
һֺЩ˫ҲһЩëëѩɫȷʵʢķܴ
ޣЩһ仰Ҳû˵ſִбǰ
ϸ۲ۣڼҵһ֡
壬帽ӹ֮һΪѩͰƤܵϲͨΪ廤
ִϹʱڣʱκ嶼ǳƣҲ塣
Щ˳֣Ҳַٲźۼغʦʹ˸ɫ
ᣬԾȻм䣬֮ŷ˼ϣɫ䵭
һɢŹâƴУɢһֶеġ߸ϵơ
ĮעŵµĻ壬ôȥ֮Ҳʶˣ
佫°̬ѧ˸ʮʮ
ϯò졣
ſöƣԺϵͳ԰ʲôʱŪֵģҾȻ֪
öȷʵƣһ¸ӹ֮ûԳֺƣҪ񽻸˽Ϊϰħ幦װ̫ʱ¶ڣЩ嶨Ȼ˽ࡣ
û뵽Ȼơ
뵽΢΢򴽣ͻȻЩίʹ⣺ϵͳȻˣҲ˵һöƣҸôõСܣûйҲпͰɣôңˣҿ͸ˡ
ϵͳ
ʵ˵һϷûãʲôãʱ̫ϷˣżЩӦˡ
ٻ´ȥ壬һҪúú˵˵֪ʲô壬ܺ˱ˡ
ϵͳ˵䣬ȴ˷츲صı仯
˵Ƿ֮Ҳͣ˶ֶվһ߾Ĭ
Щɫ
ͨ˵ʲôɽȴ̲סѯʣ֮
ӸУɫĮ߸ϣмϯķɣĿƽӣҲûµĻˣֻĮȻ֮ô֮һ
Ȼǡ
Ϊ׵Ļæҡͷֵܿţ
仰һԭվԱߵķѸɫѵ֪˵ʲô
ûУ
ǵ̫Ȼһ̷ϡ
һϿյĽ˹֣ʦմδ̳ˣȾȻɣ۵Ķ׹ݣ
һһͣ˿
л˵
٣ʦҵķɡ
΢Ц
ԱΧ۵棺
#ѷչһҵ#


193 
վԱߣ ɫδֻ΢
ͻȻײôһҲ ɼλ桯ʮֺá
Ϸݹˣ Ҳ߳ܣֱ֮׳ӳ 壬 ǲʦȣ ػգ ʦΪմûôʱ룬 Ҫô׳Ƴ ҪôǻҪȥһȺ
⻰˵ʮֲͷ
˽ȴϢңɫǳͬվԱߵġ桯 屳壬 һ ȥһ
˵Ҳ࿴һֻۣԸڿеĽ֣ʦ֣ʣʮ塣
ɫ䵭 ǳصͷ ָɱʣ ڿд˼֡塢𡯡
ּɢ΢΢⣬ ̳ͣ ö֮С
һУӿ£ǰ棬ŷٺ뿪
ֱ˼ƺûж˵һ˼ǻͷЩ಻סڵȵȡ
ŽɫҲͻࡣ
㡭մ
ûͣ½ŲҲǣһֱĬֻŵˡ
˲⻰
ǻӼɴſɵǰߣסǵȥ·ͻˡ
λӣɷϸ˵˵
δڣһ˿߸ϵЦ⣬һӵĿ⿴ǳ˲м
Ǹᣬ޷ģÿܶЩʱա
˲δǰͣ½Ų̳ʣһգһ޴󽣺նɫĻն롣
ǻؿɼǵ˿ڱܵһߣ񾪾壬ȴˡ
Ҳֻһ֧ͷǻǿߣһˣʶǿ
ö֮뿪˻ǰﳤȥ
ģʵڲװûаܹ֮У༸ֲͷ
ԶһٺͽϵĮ͸߸ϣϯЦŹ֣л
λ桯Ȼ䵭ϵĬűƽǸ˵ǿˡ
ûжԣĿ俴һۣ룬Ϊβʤ׷

Цݲ䣬˼á
Ǹȥʱ䳤˻ɣϹʱΨһİǶԴ¸ӹȻţȥȴšͷΪǶҼȺÿֻ帽ӹ֮ԵȺȻ֪ǿڣǱһ׳ƳֻΪ˲ܵġմ
ȵ฽ӹȺʼϿɡմǼٵҲ棬ʱ¾ͷࡣ
ԼϸȻûбƸ
ú
ʱǿ߼Σһ
޾꣬ʲôҲûʣֻá
ϯλʵ
ҪǱֲ̫࣬ھ˦ƽǱ˵λλǿߵģ
ᡢǿһԲϾͳ֣仰˵
иһֿ
ʦ֣öġ
ͷ
ϯĲƽо͸ˡ
ٴԺи̣Ȼ˱ˡ
˵Ż֮䣬ûס͵͵ظ˸Ѷ
磬㱡壬ûġ

˺ܿͻĴѶһ䣺ĺٹˣ
ûġ

ʵٲŻشһ⡣
ǵģҺٹˣΪ㣬㾹ȻûģһҲҡ

Ĭһʱ䣬侲ú˵ҪѶ
ðɺðɡٷܵӦһ˵ˣ𣿡
Ƿģ˺
ֳĬ˺ܳһʱ䣬ŴѶϢ
ñĹ
Ҫѵһ·٣֪ʲôǿߡ
ϯں´ȥ˵Ĺ˵ʲôνٺ壬绹Ǻܺúġ
йһĲƽ⣬ûٴѶٷ´ڽӽϵ֣ͽ޼һ帽ӹȥ
š桯ʵǿһ죬ͬϷ˾ŴΡ
ֱ죬ǰͬˣЩ帽ӹûӦʱѾǵġѶֱ帽ӹ
ǲݣûȶ˵һ䣬ͷ˱ɫصذ£е幫ӡ
ɼľη
⡮մǲģܱȵ˺ãǼٵģպ㣬ģһнԴϲϾƿŲ٣ϹʱвƵġǰ崿̫ͻȻûӦ㱻ٵ˼ɱ֮Ӻ
ȴĿϹ΢¶һ˿ǳЦ⡣
ǰһָ߸ϵЩΨһһӵȺˣΪµһ
˵Խֵʦ֣Σ
Ŀ䵭û˿ݣֻ޲صͷ
Цݸˣֱߵͷǰ˿ԼѾ߳޵ıӻΧ
ǵõʦֵͣʲô֣
΢ͷ­»ߡ
ãߣӽΪȷ棬ΪʦЧ
лߵȻɫȷ˵꣬ƺЩɻ޵ƺС
ǷϵȻǡ
ô˵ٲգҲţֻЦЦô㻳ǲմ
²ңֻЩɻˡ
߽ͷ­øˡ
ٱЦܺãôʣ˵ȺЩӡ
˵Щ¶һ˿غ⡣
ʦ޵ĴУˣƣҵȹ¿£֮СطκˣһԳƴط֮ˣֱӻɱ
һ仰˵ɱȻƺˣԲһ䡣
Ϊߵɫ΢ûٶʡ
ȷˡҲȷκطֻ㣬ͲϹʱ֪֮ء
˵ЩҲᣬֻ峤ںδʦ֣ȸӹ֮Ⱥᣬս졣
˵ֿޣȻȥ
桯ɨͽת뿪
ǳбֻʣ·ٺͽЩ塣
˿̣Ŀʼ
΢΢λһۣҼȥ峤ˡ
Ҳá
һģֿʦ֡
ü΢壬ܿ˵ʦ֣ѵϸӵģǴ˴ҲҪһЩ廹
⻰˿ɻ䣬Żߵ˵
ɨЩ壬չüͷǳͷҲɡ
лʦ֡
ٹֵлعͷŻߣ˲Ϣࣺ߰ɣȥһ
л˵
٣ʲôΩΩФ˼ɧ硣
棺6
֪ٹѵԭˣ˭СӲһ١
٣


194 ɹǱ
Ȼһһͣ û˿
ڵȺΪ壬ҲһĸӹȺֻǴ󲿷ǿ߶Ϲʱڵħսˡ
ʱǱ΢زٱ΢Ĵڣ Ȼ ռ磬嶼ڵ ʵȺȻûʲôη֮ġٺͽԵ壬 ǱҲʶῴ֡
ǰôȺɱӺļ вپΪݣ ˿Ż߻صأһ·ϱĿ죬ǵɫ̫ƣ ֻǼɵڻߵĹ̬ Ĭ
ˣôҲҪдһӡ
ɷ˿ں
ݵġϵĿбӣĮѵĸ߸֮ˣ䵱ϵСܣ һ·ϵľɫ żͬ˵仰 Ҳ
ֱһ˻ص壬߽쵽Ⱥ͵Ĵȥͨ峤 ŸһദĻᡣ
ϯδӽʲô֮£ ˴ӷϻ忪ʼʮַĿǰġݾٶ 㵥ദ ҲֻǴһ Цͬʦ֣ʵҲһأ棬ҲöЩ׼źá
䵭΢΢ͷԵñ֮ǰԺͻЩ
ٱֵͳ壬Ҳõõ˲Ϊȡһã谮ʦ㣬̫ӵҲǲᣬֻҪᵽ̫ӵݣӭж⡣
Ȼɫǳֻͷ֮ǰƺһ˿֮ɫ
˵һ̾ϧħ֮ȻҲδ䣬ħ֮ҵȲߣվϰˡ
ɫͻȻЩ˵ĽüҲ䡣
֮ƺĳֳŷΧУֱǻ峤ǰ;нԳĬԡ
峤ָֻ֮ǰģĮ߸ϣǷ˵Ļݸ߹󡢵һʱȲЩӹ幫ӡ
ò˵ϯϷѵǷ켫ȻϷҲϵغܺãݵ÷ǳɫϵϵСܴ˷ḻͱ
ʶȻҪĿɿڴ
峤Ȼǿ٣֮ǰЩӣû¶㻳֮ɫʮֳϿҵͬ˼뽭ͷ£Լ㣬ŵҵȾþӵ磬Ϣһ֪ʵλӿɷͬ˵һ˵
λɫĮĬ裬û˿ڵ˼ٵǼ״ЦΪǰЩʱѵģֻδˣʦҲ崫УŰ¡
⻰֮ǰˡ
峤ͷƺЩԥջǿڣʹӣһ塭
ɫ΢ԣδ˵֮꣬Զ׼
̾һ
ûʲôˣһЩɽ壬ֻ壬壬дӳ˯ħ壬Ϲʱڡ
ȻԤϣɵ˵⻰峤Ȼ˳õĳĬУ⺱¶ˡ
壬Ҳ⡢Ի͹׺ɣ±ǨֻʣЩڵ繶ӲдˣⲻЩ
ټģĬ˼Ϣż˵Ϊ𣬵Ҳ֧ҵȰ£Ҳ˰ħ壬ԲֻͬһҪٷֳʤǴǰ£պȻҲǣħݲǣҵ˼
һ仰ô
峤ɫ΢΢΢ͷף֪ҪҵЩʲô
㽫˽Ⱥ¼һϸܸң˴ȥԵȺ¹֮ᣬˡͣɫûʲôЦݵؿһۣż˵ǰѼ¼ڲȺ㲻ȥˡ
˵ǰǼš
ǼֻһʱԷӦȴֱ˵ˣɼᡣ
峤ȴ죬ƺϰȻ磬̵ͷã빫Сסա
ţҺʦҸЩĵطǲϲ֡
ٵʮȻطԸһȻģ
ܿǾڻõһƬ֮أɹһȺ
û͵ͽ˵ٲ֪˶û¶ƽｻ̸˵ݶ
ֻڻסµĵڶգͻȻյĴѶ
λǰ˵˵ѯʵȥѰ帽ӹˣ
ʮֲ졣
û˵£˿̻ԶĹôԶľ룬ô֪ȥ帽ӹˣס
в죬ٱصΪôˣȻδ֪治Ҵ磬
ȴûʲô
ϻʦ汾ģ㣬ϴǲɢҥԣ˵ҪΪ̫ӣ

ھĬ֮ڨڨЦЦϢͨ
ϢǶǶǰˣħ嵱һص̫ˣȻŵõϢɼһҲ
ٸոո䣬ִѶֱû㣬СҲ̫ʲô£óʱҸطٹ֮һȻѰ㡣
Ҳ֪ǲЩȻѡ
ȻһæٹǻҪʮܳӦòôɣ
ٹʱȷʵ˵Ǳչؼʮꡣ
ԭҪôãǺް취ٹһֱ㣿Ѱ帽ӹҲѰħ帽ӹһ࣬δûԵķ֪Ѫ֮кü֣Сӣรɡ
ƽһ仰ܾŨŨֻ֮С
ֻעص㲻ǡ
ʲôٹһֱңҡ
꼴û˵һֱΪϴ֮Ĺˡ
ô֪รɡ
˵ԼжϴѶ
ȴȻģæִѶ˵硢磬ҶΪźٹĿɳģþң㲻ܹӲŰ

СԵıûУһһ׵ģſھ
˾ĬһŵΪңȽöӰʯҡ
ʲôӰʯ
㲻ٹϻ˼ˣ
ϯ˼ô֪
û˵ɣ
꼸ҵġ

̲סְһŵҲǲܸ㣬ǶôҪ磬һ򲻹ٹǰ׸㡭
СӣñĹõٹ񣬱ֱ㡣
˵ֱ꣬һݻȻж˴Ѷ
磿磿
ٻüȻûõĻظ

ϯѶü¶һĨԳֵˡ
ȻҾ֪̫ʲô£ϵͳ˵ôôִأеʱĺţϣϰҵһЩ
ϵͳ
ʱ̣ϵͳܾԼá
л˵
ϵͳ𴽱ߵ΢Ц⻰͸ŷˡ
٣ôˣҵֲҷ
СӣҪˡ
٣Ϊ㣬Ҹ㣬ٹΪϻ˲źҾѵģ磬Ϊ˸ҶΪŸ˵ġ
#PUAʦ#


195 
Ƕֵ֪һٹġجġ Խʱȡ
ûɧȻʦڻס粻ý ˴󲿷ʱ䶼ڱչ״̬
֮ǰ꼵ָںѹ Ϊʱ򣬽Ӧ񾵣 һ̶ûš
帽ӹ֮ȫ˻壬 ǻ᲻еǲģ ʵϯں ͽôһҪΪŪ˳̵ô͸ˡ
ֲܣö֮ĵ̱չ߰գ ڰգ 峤ֵŰݷá
ٵؽӼ
Щôͽ帽ӹˣɻ峤ȴ˵¡
֮żɽ
칫ӣŹʵ֮٣мҪ֮ѯʹӵ
˵
ô죬 ڼҲλ峤Σ ȳʱϤЩ ס
峤΢΢ŵӦ֪ȺĶ࣬ ЩȺԼΪϵ 帽ӹ֮壬 ħ帽ӹ֮壬 вħ޹֮壬 Ǻħ帽ӹжԣһϵ˴֮ʱн档
ṹ˵֮¼
ٹձ㵽˸֮գȺһãԴʹӾøΣǷһ㣿
⻰÷˲Ȥ
ϸµѯʣ˵粻ͬɵ꣬ЩǰǵʱҲ˲ٹɣЩԴ
峤Ҳûͬ˵±д⣬˺ܿԵĵҲûʲôӼ࣬ϡ棬һ֮أԴΪģΪ
΢ûϲɫֻ¶һ˿Цݣһʮ˵Ŀ⿴峤
Ȼصͬ˵£Щֱ˵ɣҺʦֶϲĨǡ
ǻ֮ˡ
峤ȹάһ䣬˵¡
帽ӹһֱͬħ帽ӹƾУ˭Ҳֲ˭ĺôɾڼǰһ콾ǿһԾΪħ帽ӹеٮٮߣѹ帽ӹһͷ⼸ǻһ壬ֻѾҪʧˡ
˵⻰ʱЩ꣬Ҳ뵽ĻԻ͡
⻰Ժؿһ콾Լжĺô
ЩϢ岻֪Ҳ˸ǵģ棬˵֮ſڣΪѹ콾ֻµõȽ˵ҺʦȻΪϵ޵ôһߣҳݡ
⻰˵÷ǳţǿҵƶ͹°ϯʱҲûа֮⣬˵ԼеĻ
峤ȻûָͽȥԸ콾ҡҡͷ˵Цˣ±Ҳͷӳ֣֪δֻħ帽ӹѾãָ·Խȼü֮
˼ϱ֮ԸˣȻǽԴϲ뿪ǣ£峤ҲᣬϾλ塮ӡ࣬ཫǷ˵硣
ȻѪΪʳҲ֪ϹʱвȺȦ壬Թ֪
ֽΪеĻ⣬ٺﶼ˫̸֮Ҳбܿ
ϯȻϵõܿЦһֱĵزװľװģָӲ֮ˣǱ֪ͽҡײƭֻ»öһٴ
˵ԼƤᣬҲ˵
ٺܻǲںЩӹ壬֮ǰ̬ҲУӹֵһᡣ
绹˵ٹһֱҪһ磬ǲ켫ڵĴҲɵغܡ
ԶԶֹǰô򵥡
ûеһʱشĬ˲ʱ䣬ڻ峤΢пڣҪ
⻰˵ֻ֣Ǽ򵥵ƴǣ峤¶ǡôɻͲ
ϯĿǳһۣŵٹʶɣ
ٹ
峤Ȼͻһ£ûеһʱ
ȥ嶼ħ츳Ԫǵ꾭ħʱʵҲԵһʱֺݶϡ
֪ħ֮һΪٹԷ˵˶Ȼһħϵ
¶ãȻټһ䣺ħ֮´󽫣ЩĬԡ
ֻôһ䣬ƺû峤ڼ䳤ʲô΢˵λѪ񽫡ٹ

Īж
΢һ˲̴Ѷ²۳Ц뷨
ûλ˵֣ΪͻȻλ
Ǵ˷ǰ֮ûдκ֮ˣֻҺʦ֣֮ΪҲ˵磬Ȼ˵֣Ӧ֪ҵ˼
ǻ峤ȴЩʧɫλȻû䣿
ħǿϹʱڴ󲿷ֶòˣ嶼ΪЩ˵еĴﶼѾ䡣
ħ֮ħ¡
ϯԼ͸¶ϤĸоĿ΢΢ͦɫҲЩ
ʦֲ˵Ұ֮սǲֻ֣ԹۣҲ˳ħ帽ӹʵŪٹ˵
λ峤ܿͷûʲô顣
ٹ콾ǿ߶ûôҪˡ
Լ˼Щ˵˴ǲΪ˵ĸӹ֮Ҳּ⣬ٹ˺ܿΪĳѪ֮Դħ֮ǰأ漰ħĴ£ף֮ǰԵĶС¡
ס
峤ʹͷĿɫԼ¶һ˿֮ɫ
ԭԷٺͽЩɣò̽ɽշһϢѾȫˣ˲СΣС
ϹʱȺܱһ˿Ѫڴˣħ֮ܣҲǣȥҲûĻˣҲʧʷĳУЩϹʱȺһ
ġ
峤Ŀе𽥼ȷٶ˵ʲôֵлָ㣬ˣұ㲻ŹϢˣģһᾡȥȺ
š
򶨵ͷֵעЩǷٹϢ̸ҡ
á
峤˼ȥֻһƬž
룬ЩԥóһöѶ
ٹöѶ֮ǰٹˣϻһöħصĴѶٹġ
統ץʱһöһֱûջȥ
ʵ̫ʲôϵ׼ȷ˵ħʲôϵֶ鷳ǣħǣٹĲپˡ
ǰĻߡ
˵ģʲôѪ֮ҲãԵİ취ҲãٹǰضɵӰġ
ӣػõһʱˣ
ǣĿɾͲֹһˣ켫ڡ׽ˡ
һܵħ֮һ޾ħ֮ȫȡ
ٹϹǿߣһ֮Ϲʱ塢һ޶ž֮
·ٴ֮ڿڣЩкΪ׽ɵ˺ʾٹ
˼죬ע˴Ѷ
ȻǷʽѯʷʽ
磬˵ħ帽ӹΪٹǰ׼𣿡
ڱͼذٵһίûС
ٹû̻شʱ֮󣬷ٲſѶһ˿춯
ע鿴ͬǷǳٹԸĻش
ٹ
ϯ˵ȻҺˣģǻǺֵܣôôЩ첻Ϳܵˣ

ȻûشʲôõĶֵʵûҪ͵͵ңҪֱ˵ˣĹϵһһӾʹӦ㣿ģϲǣˣԲħΪһ̸

ٹʵĬãһѯʣĶ
㲻Ǹң
û켫ڡ
㾹Ȼ֪
ڡ
̵ȴ˵˺ܶࡣ
Ȼħ֮ŷ٣һֱڷߣ޷ȻҲͲ֪ͨ켫ڽصĴȥ˵硣
ϯٸоȡ
ȹ¶ġЦݡ
ԭ㲻֪ûˣãټ
νֵ쾡¡
ȵȡ
ٹȴָѶ˼ܣδΪãҲĿģҲˣȻʱŭȴẦ㡣
ʮֺΪٹ粵һ䡣
÷Щϡ档
ħҵģ
ֻҵѡ
ллˡϯЦû˿ʵҲԸħѣԸ⣬ԸΪΪΪöУҲһҪħ巴ĿɳģϾʶһħҲвˡ
Ļ
ٹȴĬˣ޷ħκξ
ٵһش𣬱㷢ȥһѶлշ
Ȼ޲
ٹҲáҲգὫȫηһƿĴϡ
Ƿɽôɡ
֪ٹûϯô˿
ҵ»Ҫʱ䣬ҲܶഭϢһ
ϸڤ˼Ƭ̣뿪ȥʦ֡
ڱչأأķϿ˼£˷ţٻ߽
ţʦֻڷϣҲѰ˸ţ档
ᣬֻҪҪȻȥһˣ˵֮²
Ⱥʵڲ٣ͬΪ帽ӹҲǺһţ峤ǵֻ»Ҫʱ䡣
ӵ޷һֱ񾵣ڼΪر࣬ûֱչЩ¶дһʡ
ҡҡͷ
û¡Ȼʦ֣񾵼𣿡
ӵͷȻԣ޷ֳֻת
û⣬ʣٹӿչصٶȡǰأʲôӣѪ֮Щ
漰ٹ΢ûеһʱʶѯʣֻʦܿǷʲôµıʣ
ٴûԵɵ⡣
ϯȴ˰֣ûʲôʦ㲻õģֻʡ
Ŀ˵Ҳû׷ʣʶнһ顣
͸ʶе񾵾ɶЩסɿʧ޲
˵ˡ

һƵľӰ޶ʹѾɿһЩ
ҲգʶȻͷɫƽҲĥ㡣
񾵾Ϣ΢ƺġꡯãһһϢʶС
㲻ĥҡ
⻰ظģȻޱȱ֮С
̱ʶ룬ʵҶôȥˣֲġ
ЩʹԼ
ִģԼҲǿҵ֣һ˰㣬ģԼϹаôһС
ʼʹг١
֮ǰ֪ԭһܿµ̶ֳȡ
ֱɥĲ
ֻӵʶȻûʲô飬֮̾󣬽ƽشҵ⡣
Ҳ֪ң˵Ҳܵģ
ȻһֱٱľС
˿Ӱ죬ƽ֮һһ˵֮Լ˯

һʹ֮ӵõҪĴ𰸡
񾵲Ϲȷʵ֪һǰ㣬ֻǲȫ
Ҳں˽ת֮ŵԭѪֻ֮³ְ취İ췽

ڣѾʶмеĲ֪ˣңҾԱ
ϯû׼ѯ˼ֻǿŽɫ棺ʦ֣
ӵԽº
ٵ޷һһ˵ˣ۷ʲôһһֱ㡣
š
ٶ¶Цݣ˿֣֮ɫһϻָ⡣
ǰŲŲٴսʦ֣źʦ֣֪ʲô֪
Ͽô˵
ʶ񾵾ַ񶨵ֱӸ϶𸴡
֮ˡ
룬ʵǾӣ꼻𣿡
ʵָ֣ΪʲôãֻĿ΢٣˾䣺ΪʲôȤ
Ϊ˵зŮһܲǴ඼ͬ壿Щ档
ֻǴĺ棬֮ûаġ
˵֮ҲûлɣȻ˵ͷȻʶѯ񾵡
һ߾һߴУĲּ֪Ϊ֮Ҳҿ̽꼻ֵᷢġ
ӿ𽥱䡣
һûлشټʦһֱ񣬴Լ³Խ𣬱ֵ֪Ҳûϵˣ澵Ҫ룬ʦһһĻ𣿡
⻰ƺ֮飬񾵶Уְ޹ǵľ㤣ĵĿֻŸˡ
ӼŴ󺰣ҵǻɢһģʱûˣ
ȴ˵һһ롯ʱ΢ů̲ס𴽽ǣá
л˵
ȡĹؼʣ顣
ʦȡĹؼʣҸһ롣
ϯ⣺̸ѡ
#񾵣лл㣬Ⱳˣ˨Q#


196 
ı˴ͨ
Ȼ޷񾵴˿ж ֪ǰҪ÷ٵ֪Ĵڣܰຣ
û뵽֪Ĵں鲢ûõķչ
Ǹħ֮ʼŮˣһܾ˳ຣߣ
ڼٴα͸ס ֱܷκ
ӵȻֻض˲Żԣ 񾵲ⷶ롣
̸һ󣬷ְ֮ǰ峤ͬ˵¸˽ ȥйٹ¡
Գ ǿȻȥһˣ ֮֮ǰɣ ս꣬ڵǸ˽⡣
š
ٵͷûзԣ ܿĻ˵Ǳ· ȥǰѯһЩµľȥһħ帽ӹĵ̡
˵һ𣬿˼ȴǷֿ
΢΢üʦܣ̫Σˣ ֮ǰ˵ˣ ֻ帽ӹ£ ˽ֲɡ
֮ǰ˰ϵˣ׼ȥħ帽ӹΪٲֹħ幦 Ҳ幦 Щðա
ɷȴɵͷ ɫƽ֪˼ ʱ⣬ ȥλ˵е콾
峤˵λʱܿţֻ˵λ˵ƽ⣬ħ帽ӹѹ帽ӹû壬Ҳǧ壬Ϊǧ֮ڣڵĻ嶥Žǰ١
Ҳˣλ峤ô׽ǵݣǰеȺȻΪ帽ӹȴҲ֮ǰǼЩȺһϾ꣬ѲϹʱˣħҲʷе¡
ܿλʵǸȡϸ緢ˡ
ʲôҲû˵ûôԭֻǵļƻ֮ҵȺڰλңûһǵǰʮȺҲûǳġ
˽磬پԼļƻҲӦı䡣
ǰб콾ȥλǸʲôģ
ʱϯȻûԼҪսҪսǿߣҪƾҪƸŵߡ
Ȼڿ϶λ콾Ķ֣λǿܲǿһСĿꡣ
Էٸı⣬ȥħ帽ӹ
뷨ͼƻûʲôֻǾ̫ðˡ
Լʮð֮Ҳİܻ֮Щ
ֻϯԲһܸı뷨ˣʦüͷԽԽЦʦַģȥħ帽ӹ֮صȻģȥģȥȻϲսϲ
ȥħ帽ӹ֮һҲװʲôٹĵϵˣһĿ壬һĴ壬ǿڶ࣬׿ЩʲôϵҲδغʹΪϯͬٹʲô̫ĸϵ
ôԸ
˵;ºֵܶУ֮۸ġ
ƶ֪ԼȰɫ΢ֻ̾ãǱ·һᾡ콫帽ӹʱ֮ʱ档
Ӳˮ˽١
ԭ׼ͬʦܻһˣԼҲȥˣȥйصЩأͷ֮ǰû¡
ľǾ콫ߵ꣬ʱʲô鷳Ҳ
š
ϯϲɴԸ֪Ȱ˵ڶ䡣˵֮飬Լ֮ʱ档
˵£ĿɫãϯЩĪ
Ŀʮֲڣʦ֣
û
ջ⣬ֻӿȥȻЩ䣬ƺ˵𣺡ԭͬʦһ
ᣬ΢֡
òǺףʶڣǲһֱһޡ
Ȼֹ
ϯ΢΢ͣһűϣŲߣɤӣԼȥɫһЩʦ֣ú´ټʱ𡣡
˵Ų򶨡Ỻش߳˽ķ䡣
ϯ뿪ʱİ˷š
ֻǹ֮ת̲ס¶ı顣
ԺͬϵͳŨü۵ĳ׻ˣ뵱ǸôˣҵĴĴ
Ż˵һ룬ͻȻӦ˵ġһʲô˼
ָ˫ޣ
ѹͻȻ˵ѾãҪȥһˣɲô˫ޣ
Ǳˡ
ꡣ
ҲΪ˫֮º߻Եʲôſ뿪ʵϯ˫֮ûʲô̫ĸоȲҲڴ֮ǰͽ˫޾󲿷ԭΪΪ
ûôҲΪ˸Ϊķ
ԲΪΪ
׼׼ģŨü۵ȻϲɬɬĶˡ£ĲŰ
ٺǸпһӣֺϵͳ²˺һȥ˻峤˵ЩҪȻһˡ
峤Ȼû뷨
ٵ뿪˻塣
ûлȥҲûóȻȥħ帽ӹأٴóѶѶ
ߡ˧ᡢ磬ʿɲ԰һССæأ
ϴνѶʱƺǺ죬Էһھͽݺݹάһ١
Ҳ֪ǲĹάЧܿѶϢ
ϴûʴȡ
˵˼Զ׼
ɼȻѶϢбЩףԷĿܣֵôʲôæҲȤأ
ȻĬǴѶʲô£
δϷºܶʱ򶼺ͷٹйأԸй֮¡
ٿŴѶ¶Ȼı飬Ӧмħ帽ӹɣܸҷһȻҪһħҪ̫ãͨһЩıá
֮ǰûֱҪȥ̽ôһ٣ΪȺôķչѾ͵ȫͬˣǰֻħ帽ӹнĴڡ
˿Щá
Ȼû¡һٵľٶЩ棬Ϊ漰ħ壬ʵ㲻ѧٹĹҪԵʲô
ⲻһ
̾мҪαװħ帽ӹα仯ʲôĵǺ˵Ҳħ幦ڡħ졷ءٹĹҲĹҲûԸ⣬⹦ϴα㻹ˡ
ԴٹԿԳƵǡĮ顯塯
֮⣬ԭЩ䵭˲ӿһ˿Ц
Ц˵ֻ
ԡСӣǰʱ֪㲻ǸѰˣҹû㹻ݡ
٣
ϯֱŴǣ̲סѸٱ粵ôˣѵôԸˬʣҶûϵˣĶռıˣⲻǸ֣
Щٹ˵ţһëȴԸһݺϹʱڡһħ֮Ҳһ죬ϧûϹʱȻ֪жֳƿ죬ضᱻ˷Ϊϱ
ٸˡ
˵ռٹı˷Ƕλħ֮ˣ
ֱ⡣
ϯüͷһҲûȻֻøɴ࿪ڣЩҲᣬ磬ħ帽ӹļظ֪Ұɣͷһʺϵħ幦
ΪħУ嶨ȻЩģϾ˽ԼԶǵˡ
ȴ˲٣ĺ졣
ʲôЩ֪ȥ֮ҡ
ðɺðɣ֮죬Ҹʱ䣬ллˡ
ô˵Ҳû취˿һ
ȴڼ䣬ȴ̸
һֱܺ棬ٹ񾿾ǺԭͻȻĿɳ𣿡
ȻΪ㰡硣
Ҳɻ̸£㸻и̾Ϊ㣬ϴξͺ˵ˣΪҲźٹĿɳģ磬Ϊ㸶ô࣬㿴Ҫôֲҡ

Ĭһŵ˵
Ҿ˵ҪΪ㿪ĵ㣬ôٹ˯ʱϻˣôΪֶһܣҲ˱Ȼ۶塢Ŀɳ𡭡
ۿϲ֮ƣ䵭شµĻ
㵱ǵ֮ˣ
㿴ʵ㲻ţѵҪƭ㣿
λзŭףæûֻ֣˺˵˵ϽĿڣðɺðɣʵΪٹ̫ǿˣȻҵɣ֪ģߵĨ磬ΪһͣפǲҪҵ𣿡
߷ּٵسһΣȻͷ⵹ġ
٣
ϯ̲סѯʣ磬ﵽǸʲôˣ
ôٹ̫ǿƣΪžѣ
޷졢ԡ˼񶾡޳Сˡ
ĸݷеģϯˡ
ϣʲôöҲôɣݳʲô
ϯίѶȾһ˿Ϣ
Ҿʮ򲻺ãҲһðɣ
ֲٹ벻ͬʲôϵ

ίͱȻһ٣룬ͻȻЩ
ҲԣֵܡǸӣٹȷʵһ
ͬģô˵˿ȴͻȻ˵ˣֻ˵˾䣺㾲šûԡ
Ƿ̸ԣ磬˵Ĵûκˡ
Ҳ㡣

һ仰ֱӶס˵ͼɼҲΪˣһ㲻ʲô¡
ڷٲܲ˴ˣ˼¿ڣ磬ĴҪȥ䴫ЩµµΪƽӹ֮ңҶȻ׹ǰٹѧĹҶԸء
ٹ£뱾޹ء
ƽݣ֮һ䣺㴫Ҳ㡣
һͻȻ¶ϲɫ˿ԣȻ֮ǰһ㴫ѶЩǿҲУҲǸ츳֮ȻЩģҵʦ֣ӲҪҲ޿κΡ
Ļǿȴ졣
ǲ͵ڴʦʲôϵ˯һŴĹϵʦֵĲģֻҪҴ͸͵ʦһ˿ԥġ
ϯʱͻȻּѶŴѶЦ
ɫһʶûЦ
ѧķϵģᴫ㡣
Ҫµٱھ˳ŴѶ֪ϵر˼ұϾֻƲƲ죬Ѷǣ֪ġ
ʮϺӶʮĪ
ԺǶˣһͲз١
ϯĬĬзġ
һӣִߴٵ磬û
ʲôļԼĹ¼
ء
ٱһ䣬ֻ̾˿¾ȴ
ֹãڽҪĶͨѶ
ٵõЩ֮Ѹһ飬绹Ⱥ͵ȺһһֱȻѡһڵϲ£Լٶλ塪Ԩ塣
μΪӽڷûж֫壬ֻһЩϸ΢ĲͬԨ˶ԳƵĲ״ɫ·ȥһ˿أԼǵƤܲ԰ף˵ΪǲϲԵʡ
ҪǣȺΪѣ˺٣˵ϹʱھͲ߶ѿҪħսڻ״̬
ϸһļأסϵˮ飬һԨ˵ģ
Ĺâˮõٴθȫӷٵģһͬİӡ
ͬϯаſԵĸоȫͬƫĮϵϢҲһ˿ԨĲ˼
⻹
ٱֽ֮ԼĹϸһ飬ڵѰ˸֮ٶȽ⹦ѧᡣ
þֻͨѧ˸С֮ڸԭֵС
Լֻһʱ䣬پͳɹ˼˰ϯڵİԨˡ
ó澵ӣžϰ˰ʱ飬Լֹݸϡ
һ׼׵֮󣬷ٲŻһ״ۣ֮߳
帽ӹħ帽ӹڵͬϵ˴˷ָռͬķ
һ·ߵöСģΪ˶ܵ壬Ϊ˶ֵܿܳ塣
δض˶ܵһˣԶߡ
Ҳ򲻹켫ƽ̵ľˡ
һ·϶ƽ
ҲΪ߲̫룬巽ȥʱǼ˲塣
ܽرܿˣûͼǰк¶ԷΪ
òħ帽ӹصΧл򣬷ٸոߵһ³ǳԣ㿴вӵڳſڣƺڿʲô
ϯ˿ۣһɫΪԨеϢԼȫӰ֮£ڸرأԶһǻ۵ԽԽ࣬Ҳ˹ȥ
տ˸Ҫɢٴڸǳսӣѡ߿ɵٴָ㣬߹˵ԼȺ֡
٣λ콾֡
û뵽Լֺ£ѵǴ˵е鶼ߣȷʵԿħ帽ӹ帽ӹĲͬ帽ӹ£ȻͬΪһӪȴǸΪսûСߡ
ѵһѡǹ⻷죬ҲȺǼǵĵطһߵǼǵǰѹ⣬һƬӰԺ壬ֻõͳڣԨ塢졣
л˵
٣ʵҾýаո㡣
#һǸ#
#Ϊĳ°ܽһٹù鶼ܹȤ#


197 Īʦ̸ܽ
ǼǵǰƬ̣ ¼΢ȷϣԨ壿
޹죬һϡ٣ ٳ߶ ԨȺ֮츳ǰΪϡٵԵʡ
ҲΪˣ һȺ֮Ը񶼱Ƚ죬 һ˶ٵָܿ Ԩȴδء
ѵĵطǡ
ʲô⣿
ٲŵͳ ȻΧָĿ⣬ֻǵǼ֮ˡ
Ǽǵ˺ܿ췴Ӧ̵ûʲôԨ壬 ô ˣȥǱ߼ϣб֮˶ͳһڳнгѡͨѡܵõѡĻᡣ
ҲǼ˶һ䡣
ٵͷ Ҳ˵ ܿӹһľƳұߵȺȥ
ľдŶһ ı
ұȺоȴãԼһʱ֮󣬱˲ һ˱ȥ ˶ڳǶһľ֮С
ƺΪѡ죬 һľ뻹һ޴䳡
һ·һ·۲죬 ú಼ò࣬ ĺܶණǷá
ڼªľסһڶ峿˱ѡʼľ䳡С
ԼĺƣȺӿ䳡
ΪһʼʹҪһԵĿ磬һԲѡʼ֮󣬵߿һеģһ
ѡڼ̵ӡ
ħ帽ӹԸƫᣬ˲ûо̣ɲ⣬ǸС
֮ǳصĳѡʱĴԼмǧˣͨѡֻˣ˳½ǰһǣ׼μӸѡ
ٴʱѾѾ˶ֻһ£ɫȻ˫ֻأһѳɢһϢȻҲȷû˸ҿ
½;ͣΣֽǳصѡߣܹһǧˡ
¶ʵЩ֮㣬㲻϶⣬ٿصĽ
ڽ˵ǳصѡߺ½Щӣ˵λǳһλΪٮٮߣȻٴ˵Ľӡ
ԭЩûʲôȤٵĿȥλ˵е٣˵ʵû
½ʻ˴Լ죬ʱ򣬷żȻλ˵츳һܳΪٴ˽ӵߡ

ϯԼ۾
ĳ࣬ⲻĪʦܣ
Īʦܺ¶Щơ
䣬ɢĪĺϢݡģĪ
⼸ǲܵġ
ǵ磬ڴʮŵƿ֮УĪʲôҲ켫ƽġ
ϯ˼⣬Լ۾
ҲûȫͬˣҲôɣĪһûˮ飬޷ΣŨصħڸ˱Ϣ޷ϷֱһȺķһ۾Ϳģ
Ҳ˵ʮа˾Īζûı䡣
⣬ϯûټװ磬ȵעʱװżȻ߹Īߣһ˲䴫ҹװ
ɫĮڵĪͻȻһ˿⡣
ѸŤͷϧȴ޷ֱԴѻȺʧ
ϤģǷʦֵ
ĪֻһȦֳܿʲôҲû¶ȻĿ΢΢ͷĬ˿ȥʮĮ
ҹ
պĪߵۼװϣܿĿ⣬ڽһĨӰڵ
Ȼô͵װȥһֱȵҹװϻûʲô֮ŽŲȵϼװ壬̽һȦҵĪȥھԶĵطҲƽ£ûںڰУû˿顣
ĿȻĪע⣬˶ʮĬʲôûڡ
ٸ±һ𣺡ʦ֣
ĪģͬС֮УʹǰߡĪʦûʲô
Щ̫ӦڵʣһŽͱϡ
ûĪֻƽô
ġ
ĪѯʣɵػشǴڵĴġ
ڣ
ǲ죬ЩȻ
ҲǣʮΨһ࣬ǵĵϵ壬ȴһУһ𿹾ܷӡǣò˵ʱ򶼾λƽ뷨ǳء
Ī­үүָ㣬ħүүҲ֪Щʲôôһ˿
˼ˣҲһ㣬ֻЦĪʦЩʱ˲ٳ
ʦһ
Īǰô΢÷Щ
ɲǿ׻ĪΪȷʵͦģֻ²֮ӳͥнָүүָ㣬ʮʺħҲ˲죬Ͼ츳̫á
⣬ֵôҪѡٵĽӣ
Ϊ壬Ȼħ˷ֱ治ȺɻʮΣա
ĪʵʵҵõϢһΪر츳ԽԽ࣬˵ǵǺġ
׼ȷ˵ⶫģֻӴԲʱơ
ھʲôʲô֣ĪҲЩϢԺ˸ġ
΢ʵǲ֮أ
Ҳ
ðɡ
ϯ΢΢̾˿֪òˣѵ˵仰ȻûʲôҪҪˣ׼̸䣺н֮ǰȥܺá
֮ǰ£Ī˵磬ҲͻִᷢǰЩʲôֻһءһЩ΢Сˡ
ĪҲȷˣ綼˽ΪҲоܸѹǳصߣҲ࣬ǰ
ǷЦ˵˵Щʱ㶼žôôûϲĹ
ʵ÷ǳֱӡ
Īһ˲סòŵ͵͵ʦ֣ҡ˵ʦֺͽʦһɽʦôڣ
ûлش𣬷
Ҳںڱ𣺡£ҵ£ֲǺˣȻһ𡣡
Ī꣬˳Ĭ
öû˵
Ƿἰ㻹ûشҵء
ûĸܱȵʦ֡
Щơ
ȴЩۣһʦʲôѵǹ
Ҳ˼ĪƺᣬɿֻͣǡֻĲϲ
Ϊʲôѵô˿Уٸɴ
˹ĪʦܣǲϲˣҪϲҲ޷һϲãÿ˶Լ鲻ѵʱҲûʲô
ϯ˿̵ĳЩ֪Ĵ㡣
Īͳͥйµϵӣģ˵Щ˵ĻЩʦܾͺͿԼĵܵһҲΪǵǰ;ЩΣν縸Ҳûԭ
ɢ޳ӱȽϳ죬ٲģͥȻЩԸʣ׺ദֻĪʦǸꡯ
ԼʵֱӣĪȻЩš
ڶ϶أȴԼ٣ҡҲǣҲϲʦ֣ҲǲϲǺĽʦֲֻͬǡֻǡ
ĪЩڲԣȫ֪ôݣҲڿ֮ˡ
ͥкͷȫһġ
ԳʦҲй΢ļʣǲԴԵ΢ĩʵϣͳֵͥһ㣬ʦֶһֱչĪлģǺԷʦֵĸȫͬ
ʦֱһ⡢һ財ҫۡ󼰵Ĺ⡣
־ʱ򣬿ĽǷʦֵĹâʹжԷʦĸ飬ԼҲֲʲôĸ飬ʦǲϲˣ޷񶨣־ãԱҲûʲôоȻŮȻ
ĪԼҲ˵
ܶණһŮġ
еĻҿҪϱ飬æúúã𼱣Ǿ˵˵
ʵھԼܡȸˣĪʦܺǺܼӡ

ĬĬ̾˿ܾԼ֪Ĵ硯Щʧܡ
Ĭһӣϯٴοڣʱ˿˵磬еõʲô룿
Īû˿ԥֱӱʦֲǹŽһ콾
Īʦֿ㹧άģԵĸ̾
ٱһ
Ȼôͦĵģ⻰̫ˣžͶһ˿顣
ԺҲܴﵽ磬ĿǰΪֹٻԼǹŽһ콾
ͷǻи
ѹЩΣټһأû룿
ʣĪȻ޾ϸϾܺʦֵ˵Ļ᲻ࡣ
ĪʦܱԼ뿪ŵ˵
΢࣬渵ʦ֣;˼ģ˳ƺ׼㡣
Ŷ
ˣٶ˼£ôû˵£
ûӳڽҰ˻ȥĪ˵Щţ̽͵ʦֻ֣ǾʦֵĹˣ̫ΣˣԲŰͻȥģǲʲô
٣
ϯ΢΢򴽣ûУöԡ
ĪʦܾȻҲмɶ츳
һֱʦֵĻߣȥγǣγʦ㡣
ʦã
ٲ̾ȥһôˡ
ǣֻʦƺЩңû˵仰һ٣֮ͷֿˡ
ĪʱͳЩȻλʦܺΪʲôҲûʲôøС
ٱ˵µ¡
ЩȻϯæתƻ⣺֮أ
֮ȥһؾЩ죬ͨڵĴ
ܵ˵֮óٵˣ涼ܼ򵥡
˵꣬΢̾ܺãȻʱ䲻ҲЩʶĪʦܣҲŵſϣٽպΪһǿߡ
Ļ˵꣬ȴĪ΢΢ţԵͷû
ٹеôˣ
ʦ֣ҾҺŴȥˡ
Ϊʲô
ϯü΢Щ̫ô˵ԭ
ĪȻͷܵͳ޵ħƺԵĲͬӦܸоسϵħѾڸסΪϢ
Ⲣʲôƽ̺ͳǲֻˡ
֪ĪͷվǸģҲ˶⣬ʦ֣ҡ
С
˵꣬ٵ
ʮ侲ţǿһ·ǰУܲǳ£ЩѱγΪǿߣӱܲǽİ취ĪǰС΢ⷬģҺο⻹ȻҪһҵӱһʱӱһĵĺħ
ҪǣòСܣôԼųˣ
Ȳʲô߰ĸ⣬֮پСͶŻɽţⲻڴ
Īɫ΢̧ͷòͷʦ֣Ҽסˡ
ʵһû˵ȫΪħģҲһԭΪʦ֡
Ǽ֮ͳͥйһδϥ̸ŶԳֻԼҲ÷ʦֵĶˡ
ϿϴٻĪʦܣ࣬ͳͥŹǣδ̳켫ڣǱҵĸסļᶨ޵·Ҫ顣
ǡ
Īɵشףʮ˳ӡ
ٲŷ
ԵĲ˵⼸λʦܻȻʦֵۣҪָΪʦܡżҪ裬ǿ顣
һӣҲ˵òˣٿɫˣ˽Ҳ˽ˣЩϢɡ
׼ȥ
ĪȴЩٵʦ֣
ʲô£
ٿԴɻ
ĪʦãԳһ˿Ƚšɫ
͵͵ʦǲǡǲѾҪͽʦֳΪ£
Ƿٵ˽ˡ
ϯû뵽ͻȻ⣬ͣɤӲŵĪʦܣ޹ء
Īʶҧס촽
ֻǾáʦֿиõĵ£ʵʦкܶ£ҲкܶȻӦġ
٣
ϯһ£ŵʲôܶ£
˼ɣ
ӡĪǸʮɬߵˣôҲ˵ֻ
Īȴҧ촽ҧöЩˣʦʦ֮ʣ֮ǰƽҲ˵˵ʦ־ӭȢλ£ЩŴҲ
⻰˵ʮּѣĽʦǰ𣬵ĪȴƲסǴᣬҲҲûл˵ˡ
Ŀ⾪ؿ͵ƽѣ档
켫ƽ̵ʱȫûǺأôͬӭȢü£⡮ϿСɲ˳ˡ
ҲôΪ
ĪȻž޴ѹҧ㡢ʦֻʦҲûϵǡ
ͣ
ʵȥˡ
ص̾ĳĪʦܣϣŮ鳤ʲô£ҵ˽ҲģúǶĻرԵĻЩɡ
˵ͣһ˲ŵˣúϢ
תȥĪٿڻվûܷ
ҹĻ¼ٵķӶӹװϢֻѾ˵Ŀյ֮޹⡣
л˵
٣ΪʲôҵСܻôͬ
#ʦֲʱʱ̿ǽǲԸַʽջ#


198 Ů
Īʦܽһ ֪ϲ˲Ϣȥ١
ܾĪʦܵԭ򵹲ΪӣΪĪʦûʲôо
˵ʶĪʱ ĪʦǸߡ졢˵ڳݶôĺӡ
Ȼڳ࣬ ڷȻͳͥһԼġСܡ ʲôѡ
ʼվĪԼĺøвԴĸ飬 Դһʱļ¶ ʱΣʱԮ֣ оȹŸӡ󣬾ͥһ
ʦܵ뷨Ȼ࣬ 𲻹һ˿Щ һЩ˼С
ĪԺЩ飬Ůޣ磬һʱΣѶļ¶Ȼʧ٣ع֮䣬 ʲôԴӦԡ
ϯԺѰΡ
֮ûཫĪĻϣ ȥָ֮ܿƽ
ҹȥ ڶ½۱㵽Ŀĵأء
ԲͬûĪк άԼĸ
ĪҲû ½עĿĴ֮һ һվڽ ֻĿż׷ٵӰ
˷ֱȺһ½ۡ
βμӸѡĲֹһǧˣ ½ͬһ쵽Լǧİҡ
ٵĽֻҪʮˣνѡɭϡ
㿴һ£кܶ಻ͬ壬Լ绹ڵħ帽ӹǰȺҲ
ѡνҪǰµˣҶܿóһţѡνӣڵĻ᲻ࡣ
ϯеǳ˵ǣǧİٶˣȻûһԨ壬ȫõݱ¶Σգɼһжôϡ١
ѡʼ֮ǰվȺ֮Уٺһڿλٴˡ
˵λ콾ͦԵ֣˵ֶǡ١֣١о֮⣬׳־ɼһߡ
ʱȴЩʧ
Ϊλٴ˵Ӧһλ޵ǿߣɴִֿȥҲһͬ͵ġ硯
˧ͦ˧ģüĻһö·ģж˼У˵ͦΡݿɢһǿ֮ˣʶ硢硢꼸缸ƾͲ˲١
ڴһࡣ
ϵͳϾߣ㲻ܽٹǷһȽϣܿǵΪӽߵĴˣ˼Ҳż꣬ȷʵ֮ʡ
Ȼ
ŶûУʲôʸ˼һǿߣ
Ȼƽʱ߼ˣ뷨
ϯҼһԺе桯˭ǿ˭
ϵͳȻΪӦǿЩɣϾħ帽ӹеǿߡ
о϶ǿʢࡣ
ߣҲ
ͻȻ¶һɵı飬°ҾҲǿ϶򲻹档

ϵͳ΢΢̾㿪ľͺá
˼ҽ档
ϯȴȻĵѾһĴˣǿܶ࣬˵Ϊʲôħ帽ӹ磿ʮصǿչֳʵҲŽ߾ȫ޷һš
⻰Ƿǳе˵⣬ϵͳҲɻ
ǿȷʵ٣Ϊ˴ȥĻűħĸӹҲǲʱϾǲħټϻǿߣ֮ǰûλǰȥ֮š
ΪǿߣȻûͼʮŵ֮ţ궼ȥһֵ£ϾУЩʱ޿̲ٺҲ
ʮǿرȴҪѶˡ
϶й
°ͻȺﾲŸ̨¶ε٣в²浽ʲôܡ
ܼпʵĻᡣ
һһϵͳŴ˼̨ϵ٣֪ǲǷٵĿ̫ǿңԭֻɫ䵭ͻȻͷ߿һۡ
һʱܲϯɴľȻؿŲԳһƬ֮ˡ
ҶΪֲ㲻֪˵㣬ħ帽ӹ֮أʵ㲻ʲô
׼ȷذյĿ⣬룬λǿ߿һ˲ԼûʲôԣŲߡ
΢΢˿ȺѲһȦҵĪʦڵλá
Ȼ㷢ԼʱĪҲ˵İ
ȥȻôֿǰԱʱģ
ٺһͣæջߡ
Ĭ˼䡮縸ŰοԼҪСһʶ
̨ϵ˵򣬱ѡʼ
ѡҲܼ򵥣ǷΪʮĸСսÿСֻȡһλʤߡ
ֹ𵥴ѣҷûĪͬһС顣
űǴҪٵĽӣ¶ʵһȰСʵȽǿļŪȥ׾ٵػСھ
Īࡣ
λʦԴħ幦֮һǧ䲻ʵҲ൱вʮߣܻҪСһЩΪԪƳҲһЩĪʵٮٮߡ
˶ȡǰʮ֮һһӾӱõ˸Ĺע
֮սԣʤĴǰʮˣٴ˵Ľѡ
˵ʵֱĪӮõʮ֮һˡ
ϯΪ֮£شǴҲŻΪһﵽΪĶࡣ
ÿôǵôڹ̡
ĪһĪȻûбΣ޵ʵʵħֻһħΪڸǣɶûﵽıУֻԼķϵȻħڣҪǱ˿߾Ͳˡ
ԷٳַǳСģ㾫׼ԼʤĴǰʮ
Щľսؽٽӵᡣ
λٴһֱվڸ̨Ͽţɫǳ΢ֱ治ʲôֻս֮ɨǰʮˣ̵
ת뿪˸̨
پֹСģĿȥ
ٽǴһСһЩ䳡䳡ԵɫŨ޵ĳɫ䣬ܴ󣬲ǳۡ
ûĻݣƽ̷ϰߣϯһۡ
ͣ½Ųɨʮˣһӣ£ȻҪʲôµӣʮ˴Ӵ޵ӵݣۣܵҲܰУ²
ɫ΢
ɵö࿴λٴһۡ
˵ʵ˵һӡʱЩϰߡ
ٶƽ̲ͬλͬٴ֮лǸˣûкӡûе¡ûͽǺģΪ󲿷ʱæ޵ٻһͬ˶ûʲô⡣
ԼôĵظԼѡӺͽܡ
ͻأ˵£ϯĳָо·ĿĲΪ˴²⡣
ټ֮ǰϵͳĲ²⣬ٴûдشţ¼һ÷ٸЩ롣
ЩʱͻȻٽѲĿŵԼϣ졣
ڣ
ϯʶһʮЩ¶졣
Ҳһ˲ŵΪӶӳֻСˡ
٣
ˣ¶⣬ԵȻҲˡ
֮ǰɼУһ
ȴ΢ƺָʮУʵΪ֮ڡ
˵ֶԷٵ׾Ǻ£¡ʱʱ׾ֻʧȥҪĻᣬÿ˶һܻʶӢ
ٿ٣˵˾䣺ǾסҸУиܹΪǰס
԰ת뿪ֻʮɫ졣
ٴ΢ǽϣʮһ˶Լ°ڳһ硯ģʲôս
м˴Ҷɵӣ󻹰ֻչ鲻̫Ǣ
ܿ죬ٸϵܹܱʹǴٵĸۡ
ʮ˶סͬһϴԺ
ǽӵͷ׻ٵĵӣһƽʱЩÿÿҪѲһʱΪӵְ
ɷţʮظԼĪʦõʱ䣬ҹˣֹûһڸǣҲ˵õ˲˵ĵӡ
ں
һѲ߹󣬷ٱҸȥ̽һϢȴһԼķţͿپ裬λǿƽѲˣ
Ŵû˵
Сǽ߽䣬źۼĴһۣϸ֪һ£ûɱɻЩ
ȴںľٶֻ裬Ҫɱ㣬ô鷳
ǰСĴǣǰʲô𣿡
ﲻϵҪǻ˻ʱ䣬ָһʦȥˣٳ֡
ѡĽӶѣĵӣҲֵλǿôڻŰɣ
ٷ²豭̧ͷȻƽ޲Ļȴ÷Щľ
㲻ǰԨ˰ɣ
ϯ΢ϣȴǲɫҲǰ˼
Ԩһֽԡֿͷûԡޡֿͷġ
پթԼȻӲҾǰԨˣǰѵһϤԨ𣿡
йܶʦһλǰԨˣԨϡ٣ÿһֶмأҪҰ㴫Ѷһ𣿡

û뵽ԼܵļƻûʼͲ⻬¬Ȼû֮ӵ
Ҳš
ݽ¶ϯɴҲ˸£˹ǰлֱ˵ɡ
׼ʮֲңԷҪɱ̺
ôҲħġѪ񽫡ħ֮ôҲҪӣһʱ䣬ʱɲĿռ͸ˣҲܴҡˡ
ԭ׼ȴû뵽ٺͰԨ죬Ԩ˲࣬һڶҲˡ
ٸ壬ѡһλǿϤģٶԼʵ²ۡ
ƺûɱ˼ֻǾòŻҲںʲôˣҿ츳Ҳضãǰ˱Զˡ
ûбϲã΢΢üͷ
вֺͲϳ֮
֮ǰսϣٲûȫԸ˵㿴أҲ޷ô׼˵ǰĻ
ǿߣ֮ǰλ棬еǿߣûȫֵʱҲ޷ľΪܹ˿͸ϸٴǰֻ֮ˣΪִƵǹ֮
޽ӽߺ֮ҲرĲͬ߹ǹ֮ǰλٴ˾ߣܿ϶ûߵ־
һۿ͸Ϊ
÷һ˲ӿ롣
ӹ뷨΢ͻȻ䲻ٴ˲֮ʣأѴıԵҡܼ
һֱԵúƽͻȻĿ
ֻһ˲ߣסĲ
䣺Ǻˣ
ǵõڵֻߣйڹ֮˭Ҳ֪
̶һ仰˲Ϣ
ϯȻס˲һߣȴ˿¶һº͵ЦݣٴˣҪΪˡ
ãڷƣɫҲ𽥻ָƽɨ۷ٵĲλãǳŮˣ
Цһ
ϯܿ״̬Խ仰ֺбƸѰ츳ѵˣ²Ϊ˼̳²ɣǿżɽܸ㹻ĺôҲǲܰ㣬ٴˣһ츳ѵֻǲס
׼ȷ˵ҲڶˡΪǾŵ;߶ʶ˼־Ʋˡٶλǿ¿üޡ
ĻȻ˵ٵ˼
Ŀ΢ܿ£
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ĬһϢλǿ߲ſڣȷʵҪһæһطҪһѾܽޣһǿȥΪȡ
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û˵ֻƽǵطΣղֻƣܰ£Ȼı꣬ʲôˣҲںҸȡ衣
ô˵ȴЩԸˡ
ٴˣʲô˵֪ûΣգٶ꣬Ȼһλǿߣ㶼޷ڣҪô֮ˣɥУٶıҲòˣҰ㣬˵
Ҳ֮顣
ü΢壬ĬƬ̣ѡ˸һЩ顣
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˵Ļ٣ĵطȻ׼˵
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ãҿԴӦ㡣
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һ飬йŮôʷԼһԩ֣


199 ޴
֪壿
΢Щ죬 ٴԶ˺֣̽ٴ˾Ȼں壿
嶼ǵж״̬˴Ҳ Թ ˵ҲΪⶼԲں ˵õǼ˵ֳѰҪ
ƺ֪뷨 ֻƽ̵ؿڣ龫Ϊʳ ºͣ ʳѪ⡣
⻰˵Щ˼
龫ΪʳºͣʳѪ⣬ ˵岻ˣ ϹʱҲûȦ塣
Էеļɵһ֮ĳޣйȥ
Ϲʱȷʵе嶼Ȧū۹֮࣬ǰʹ̽ѩ֪󲿷Ȧū۵֣ ȥô꣬ ѩҲʮ϶ظЩйЩûУ УǳУֱô
ЩЩشŵôΪ
ûǸʱ ֪µʱҲ ûǰ̵ĸо Ҳûô̵ĳޣ ⲻΪˡ
˵º͡º͵Ϲʱˣ Ļܴ񣿾֮ҪþõشڣҲ˵ʲôº͡
ϯܶԼλ΢Щ飬Դ⼸λȷʵĿǰΪֹҲû¶ʲôҪ˼ϲֵ꼶ҲֻֻѣɼЩǶ˾裬λٴˡ
仰ĵжԣֱ췽ҹ̷
Ƿٴδо쵽ǼҪԡ
һλǿΪˡСһжԵֻ߽͡˵бĳСһʱǿϻҪпյʵδΪߵйء
˵ĩʱѾѳΪˣΪ֮΢Ըõĺ͡ߡйأηٶòһ֣һϧΪܿĩʱΨһһνӽߵĻᡣ
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˼ˣɫЩѯٴ˵£ҪʲôΪȻ⽻ףҲ
˵£Ҳࡣ

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⵼ԼʧȥȡǼʸֻѰˣôҪ£ٲͬڶ˵
°ͣ棺ٴˣҪҵĶ̣µߣңֻٹҲδҵ
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ͽҲǽһΪͻͽĽȣǺڰǰͻλϹʱҲѼ
ʵ֡
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ɫ΢ȴɫ䴽ϸЦ⣬ο޷ҵңȻӭж⣬ҽʮúܡ
⻰ȻǿοĻִֺĸо
ٱϾƽ̣ӴʱҲ٣ɨЦݲõݣʲôҲû˵ֻ˵ͷ
һξ룬ͻ֮ҲЩѣȷʵ֮ţҵѷɫ
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ֻ仰һϯĳϰƤĵʱһࡣ
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һھͰѸҪıȥˣ䵭Щ
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ЩɫɢȥȴЩ
㳤ߣλߣϹҲŹһЩǺպ֮˵
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ٳɤæϧԷȻͷҲص뿪ˡ
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ϯţҲ˵λʦܶʮŬһѵмţ󲿷ʱ䶼ȥгɳҲ⼸ʦܽɿԭ֮һ
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ֵҳĲԾƫˡӡļӸС
ü˼Ƭ̣ϯ̽ſڣǡԺͳͥţ
á
ٻδ䣬ĪʦܾһڴӦ͵͵۽ǣΪ˳ʦ֣ʦֻעһЩ𣿡

ϯʵǶһŻش𣺡Īʦܣ˵һ飬ǶĸҴǶһͬʵģΪ˭ΪЩ
ǸĻ⣬㲻Īٿڣּһ䣺ԺʲôֱӺ˵
ҡûвʦ֣Ҳ˼
ҲΪ仰ЩĪһţѹֵ˻ţŵòͣ͡
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񡣡
Īʶһ䡣
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ټƽȣӦûʲôˣŵˣ㻹ʲôҪͬ˵𣿡
Īʦͬ˵С¹һ㣬żֵӡͺСȲҡҡͷ
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ηٵһϢûٿڣſȥ
ߵſʱͷһۣȻĪСְſĿ⣬Ŀһֱ׷Ӱֱ뿪䡣
ԶĪߣֱ߳ԺӣٸۡСϣϯŻ˿ֵ̾裬һϵ϶˵ıӦ
䣬ͻȻһͳʦϲ㣿
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ҲںټĪķӦһҲûҪλǿߡ
ɫƽȻλٴлˣ˵Ƕͬˣ㳤̾һİ˵𣺡޴ţЦˡ
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л˵
٣㶼ԼˣҲ˵һǹڨɲңҵġ
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#Ϊһ˵ɶ#
#ϯϰ#
#һʲô#
#٣Ժͻ֪үĴ˵үһһ鲼ĺ˻#
#ˣҾͲװ#


200 
ĿЩ쿴һۣ δ˵ʲôҲ֪λǿԼûʲôû
Ҳںʲô뷨 ȻЦſڣٴҪûµĻ Ҿˣ
׼ȥһ䣬ܴܲ̽һЩϢ ֻСжǿ϶ġ
˲ſڣҪĴҹ䡣
Ҳһ߰ˡ΢Цٴˣ 㲻ۡҲȥɣҲЩʱջҪȥء
ûʲô飬 ֻ ˵֮ú
ˣǸˣֲǸմڷдţ ǲ̫Щ
˿ԣ ΪβУ
ȥΪȡǼ
ԴŪͼ̹֮Ȼ࣬˿̼˵ֻҲ˿壬¶һ飺ھ󲿷˵Ǹأô׶ɹûʲô ʮҲδܽ ѵҿűչԽԼҲ ˵ĻǼ٣Ӧǡ
˵ȻʵȻ˲١
üͷ΢壬 ȴ÷
Ǽ˵̫Ҫ Ѱٶ꣬ Ҳֻзһ˷Ҫ Ǵֲ֪Ҫã Ϊܸκδۡ
ֹٳŵԭ򲻽Ϊһ壬ʲôģҲгʲô⡣
һ֮µߣ壬̫ˡ
˲ȴ֪Ҫٻʱһ츳֮ˣپֵĲûõǼ֮ǰʱ̴Ƥӵ£ʼ롣
ˣȻ츳ѡǰﵽߣȻԡġ·϶Լļ⣬츳ٺõĿҲɲǿߣǸأǿ츳ŵرܶȥģҪͶ
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ٳλ΢΢ͷ壬鷳ˡ
壿
ٴŲĿ⽫ϵ¿һ飬Կ佱ٴˣפ
λǰЩƣΪλ˵ֵʲôȻǳ
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ʲôפɼϯʱ˵ĺǷᡣ
ԪٻǸˣĶʵҲᣬʲôפ˼ҵΪͺһģ

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屾Ǵ𣬷ٻණЧǵʱİ塣
Ϊͳɽ꣬ضġ
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ģ࣬ЩҲرν쳾ģֻ޵;࿴磬ʶһĶҲһ֡
Ƿشӽֿڿʼ𣬼ʲôϲı߳ʳֱȻһ䣺ˣȥٸۡǼǡ
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ٵ˵ͷȴˣʵҲȱʲôֻȤˣν쳾ģʽٴһҵ

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ɫƽһŵ嶼ô˵𣿡
û塢Ǹ漣
᣿ԼͷһƬȻԵõǫѷºТѾˡ
̬Ȼ˷ֲǹô˵ǵΪ
־һȥ
ûٳš
ٵٴˣһˣöһȥ𣿡
ֹסŲعͷ
뿪ۡ벽
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ϯԱ¶ɬ֮ٴˣҸİٴٿ쵽ˣұֻΪ˼һ۰ңҪǼңԲ£ҲģҪ˼˷ʲô⣬֮ƽң
⻰˵õУòТ˳
һԲֻǿƽ
ٶЩɫ˿壬һ̹Ȼؿֻû˵ҵһֱ
ƽǲİٴ١ʲôʱ񡭡ǸϯҲֻ֪֪켫ƽ̴Լٶˣʱ̽һ衮ͷҲʲô¡
ٲ壬ǲǻȥ޻ء
ڷٱ˵жãȿڡ
㾿ʲô
ۡѣѾô۶ӡ
ɫ¶ºʹݵЦ
ٴˣ˵֮Ҫ帽ӹ֮أҳէҲʲôǺöܲһЩҲö࣬ʮС
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ܹʮ
⻹ħ帽ӹӮ¡
ʮҪʮܺ
ϯЦӯӯߵǰȻһЩҪͷȴ˿̧ͷ˹ҲΪٴ˺ã˲ҪΪҳû٣Ϊǿ˲ܰ㣬˻֪ɣħλǿѰҴ˵أҲͰˣҿ˶ϲܼµģλħǿ˴˵أǸ׳ƳħΪУ
ٻشԹ̾Ϣ˲Ҫ㣬ֻ뿴Ƿ֮ˣħλҲ𣿡
԰գṴǣԭº͵ЦݱԳа֮
л˵
٣˲ҪPUA㣬ֻڶƢ㿴ңƽ⣬Բޣѧѧ
٣
#ٹлл#


201 ǵ
֪ǸŮ˱ˣ һ֪ǸŮˣٿһаЦ
ȻȾһ˿޷˵һ۹ ֻ΢΢ü ˷һۣŵħ壿ʲôħ壿
£ Ȼ֪֮٣ ǵʱ ħս֮ǰ ħٲ
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Դͷ ƺʶ̽˳ȥ
ѵò죺ô˾治֪
תһ룬ٲ֪Ҳ
λż꣬ڸ䣬жȻд˵Ѫ񽫲ߣ δش ȥ ֪֮Ҳ޾ϸ
æ ֪Ҳʲôϡ¡
ֻϯ̲סΪ̾Ϣһ
û棬 ħ帽ӹû˵֣ Ҫ˵磬 ٹ֣ δܽסЩӹָ򲻹٣Ӧߺܽˡ
¸̣û¶⣬ֻɫЩλѪ񽫲ֹͳ츽ӹ֮壬ħħ˯Ҫ̳˯ʱ䣬ҪѪ壬̫˽ǵѪ֮кˣٴ壬Щ
Ѫ
ٵĻһһ䣬ԲʲôϢ
ٲȫҲȫſڿӣȻʱڵ˲죬Щûߵġ
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һ壬ħʲôϵ
Ѿǵһħ֮һλǺεȴڣ岻ʱȺٸòˣôħ島ϹϵжҲֲӣħǶ֣кֻħ壬塣
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⻰ȻȻ͸ʵǷٵΪûܺĴڳϹϵгԹƾΪ͸ˡ
ħ֮ϹʱжԵҪնɱĴڣһССڵ֮Ȼң⣿
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ϸ֮ɫأȻϸ͸ֻͳ˵˾䣺֮ûƭ㣬ٴˣͬĵˣҲͬĿ꣬ڲʲôôǲģλѪˣȻ
Ҳʵ
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ϯ֮ھPUAˡ
ü˵ҪһЩȨħ帽ӹ֮س衣
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ܣ㲻켫ڡ
ԼΪңҲұչܹ֮ܲҰɣ

֮󣬷ٲŵ˵ǰСѪ񽫡

ٹȻĬ
ȴЩ£Ϊĸ׶Σ𣿾߻жԶģҲЦġ

ٹ֪ǲǱǸͻˣöûлظ
ֺ˵䣬شû£ֻЩɢشѶԺߣҾȡŽѪаôǲǺֺܴ
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ѵü⣬ϯʱЦǲǾֺԲԸϣʵûϵģ˵㣬Ǻϣħ֮Ѫ񽫡
ԡ
ŴѶҲٹı飬ӾĬļ϶ܸоλϹǿԲ̫
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ҲȥŴѶ˵Ӳࣺ鷳ΪʲôѰң
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ǲ鷳ȻҪ֪ʲôʲôܴѶ˵

ٹʵڲǸˣͷһ⵶˵ҲֻƽͣȵһѰ㣬Ĺ˵Ȼη壬ȴǺ޵֮ˡ
ҪҵңҲ㻹˵⻰
Цһ磬ɣȰ㲻ջĹţαض֮⣬סپΣôҲǸߣϲ֣㵱˰ץ֡
⻰ϯ治˵˵꼵Ըܿܡ
ٹһγĬ֮ƶûôġ
ϲ֣Ҳǿߵ֣ôԽݺһ֮µ߼ƽϡ
ͬٴȫΪٹ񣬻һϯ治Ƿˡ
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Ҳںķ˵һ꼵ĻѶǱֳĬ᣺ʵҾѪͦģַǳʺʡ
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˵ֱж˴Ѷ磬ɼһϢٺͷٶ˵ˡ
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֮ǰַٹ֮Ѱӹ壬˵ʵ֪вٸӹ֮
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ڶһ磬Űݼٴˣ˱㿪żɽҽվҪȥá塯һ߽硣
ϯԼҪأصصĴŸвСΣգϾﲻ磬ʱܿΪߡ
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ҪǻȥһǰȵȣȻ˸˹
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ٴһۣҲ䵭ϷڷѰ˸ʵλãֱ£Ȼ鷳ˡ
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л˵
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٣ʡٷ硢Ӣϯֻ谮ˣ
#ȫֻϯڲͬ#


202 ٹ
ƽǰ˴Ѷ ڷϣȡ塯Ű͵߾
;Уİż䡣
壬 ҪҪһȥģ Һٴ˵ˣӺģ ˵˵һ ҽ˿㣬 ǲΣ ɱҲûʲôðֲٴˡ
ڷװϣһ߲ٿطһ߿ŷӹǰ
Ȼûлظٵ˼
ϯҲں ȻеȻҲţ زģҪҰңʵⲻȥ
ɫĮֻһڵĺףͷ˼ûС
ٿһۣ ֵֻԺ ȻͷЩްɫ ̾壬嶼ٴԸԸȥҪԿġ

壬еҪҸһòŮ޿Ǻܶģ ˡ

㲻˵ǾĬˣ ǵһء
졣
ڿڣ ȴѵĻ
ʵûʲôʵѡ ֶٺҪ һǧԸΪٺõߺͷٴ춼ꡣ
Сһ̫ˡ
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ŲԸǰǰҪıɱȻһǿߣҲвߡ
ȰһȻΪϯֻú˴ѶԼ֮һ̤˻ȥ·;
Ϊ֮أ˷ٵģ
һƬ켫ȽƵĵûʲô壬ߵ÷ǳɣһʱ֮پͿӸߴ֮š
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߽һƽ̴ˡ
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켫ƽ̾ȻǴûй鰡
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ΪʲôҪ㴫Ѷ
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˵⻰ƽ̹ȻƿڴҾ֪СӲףǰͱ˵ʲô˵ȥ帽ӹװմ۵Ϊǲͣô£ôȥħ帽ӹ֮أ
ⲻǼƻϲϱ仯𣿡
Ե޹ν⡣
λдջģ˵Ҫǽǲǽ̳еƽ֮λ

켫ƽԭĿͻȻЩ´һͻЦλСӣΪҲһбھͽ㿴ʲôΪܵ켫ƽ̡
Ҳ˵˵ѣôˣ
ϯ״̷˼̾ˣǳԭ̺
켫ƽ̿Ŀˡ
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켫ƽԭֻЩ˿ȴˡ
΢΢ҧȭͷͳٳ˹ȥ
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ٴ̱̽Դһ䣬Ȼί㿴ƽ̸ոԵ޹ʾʹҡ
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ѩ֪ǴЦҲģЦŻһ䣬Ȼѷٴӱ˳Դ谮ٶôһ˻ˣ
̣Һʦֺֿˣȥħ帽ӹ֮أԲδһ
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̴Լ֮ǰȷʵٺͽû˾ò죬һλߴЩ谮ٶһ˲ţүү
үү֮ǰȻҪϸ̫ߡ桯û˵ʲôֻɫɵߵǰöԷúôһ
ǸӡԳơүү߿˷٣ŶƽЦǰø켫ںˡ
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˿ڣԺбžλЦݵŷ˵
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ѰҲ֪Ϊ嶥ս޲ܶڵһ֪
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ǣҼλųƵһǿߵ٣˵λǿһġ
Щֶڴ󲿷˵İֹ켫ƽ̣ȱǶһ¶ãȻ֮ɫԼֻʶٲʶţӦ֪ġ
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ȴͷǣλҪΪ֮սʼҪʮãʣµİ˸ʲôǴղĻҾʹѡһЩʦʦֻǵˡԼҪƻŹ档
й涨ԭֻܱƽ̵֪Ҳƽ̷Ҳ֪شʵûͽѲشӡ
ϯѯʵĻһλȱĿʱЩ
գգۣҲ׳ɻɫ
Сǰʲô𣿡
Ϊʲôôƽ̴˿񶼺ܹ졣
޻ûڣվһԵ켫ƽȵСӣǲǺת

ôﶼܳϹϵŶãڵˣ
˲˽⣬ƽ̶ĹȥǺ˽ġ
Сȥһʶȥһħõħ֮ȥʮɽѰؾܴһλߣôڵʶһλǿ߱ҲʲôˣϾٻߡ
ûл죬Ҿֻʶˣһ٣һš
ϯͣƽ̿ĿȻû˿ɡ
һλſ佱ǰܶ𣿡
ͦģ˵Ӯ帽ӹĻжʮ

һıλǰɫӲˡ
Ӯ˲жʮٸһ룿
ЩĻ켫ƽ̶ʱ뵽ʲô˵Ķɫһ࣬Ҳ˲ʧ񣬵˾䱧ǸͻȻסٵڣһߣִСӣǲ湴ˣ
ϯޱίʲôйܲЩĴңԩ˵ģ
ȻٶôʲôǸɵӣƽȻ
ȻΪҴͶԷ˺
ڲ˭أܺһǿߴʲôӦӦϹشˣ
ʵ̲ס˸ۡ
ҷźúõ켫ûȥ壿ôԿ£û
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޹룬ʵǷǰƣλħ֮Ŀûƽ֡һҧʮ¾Ŀ־С
ΪһԵ£ž֪ˣý͵ڶ顣
ڴһ䣬߻ȱߣɤӣŵһʮҪҪҰæֻҰʮˣѾ˵壬ҲǸģõģֻǵ·;ңԶ磬µʱҪһ
·ϳʲô⣬Ρ
Ժмžһãһλȱڡ
ٶҪأãԶ壬һ巭켫ڱΣڵϦˡ
Ҳ޷һ˵ֿôǿߣһǴɡ
֪Ĺǣģթġ
Щ²ϸ˵Զ˶٣ֵʵڲҽ常һʧˡ
常
˽Կ켫ƽ̣ƽ̿ûڡ
ȴһҲû࿴ӯӯЦƽ̴ˣϵ常ǰЩʱ켫ء
켫ƽ֪˵˭Ȼܲ𣬵Щͳһλʮɽߣľ֮顣
µЩȱǵһ˵
ǰǿ佱ٵȱٶһλΪ
޹ȣʱɻû߳Ƕˡ
˼ˣλȱæʵߣ
СӼҼҵҲ֪ЩǿϢҲ
ߡ
ƽ̻شġ
Ŷ̾ϹϾģСʲôʱܴλΪƽ̣ȡҵλãҲڽ¡
ɫԹԣΨзϸһ˿ߺգ͵͵ƳƽһۣСֹûУֻǡ
ֻʲôû˵ûͷݣûݣСӣͱ˵ֲǵһʶ㡣
ƽһԽĵ˸ɾ
ȻƽﲻҪڳǰһάֹλȱ¶𾪺֮ɫϷ࣬ѵŭ⻹ΪΪ켫ڣҪĴύùƽ֣һֿͥƽ̣һʮ᣿սƽ̺ƽ̣
һ˵켫ƽɫҲЩ΢
ҧȴЩǳų
أ֮ǰɽ׽һֻûʹؾͱƽˣԻɶкҽʦôӻ𣿻Ҫӣÿջȥﲶ㣬ʦôù𣿡
ίɴҲһ˵ˣֱֺƽ̡ͬھơ
ڴܻͼ֣ɽڣλǰֻĿɿڴҲ֪˵ʲô޸ɫƽ塯
ֱĬãϯڴŭѹԼֻûλɹƽ̺ôҲʦֵ׵ôҲҪʦּ棬򴽣ƽ֮̿ǰȳֿԲ𣬵Ҹո̫ˣʵĻ㣬ġǷ곡Ϸѡ
žͲ˻
ƽɫֺ࣬ð죬Ťͷȥٿӱǻ﷢صߡ
ˡǸָƽҲ֮ͬ;ҪһԵõģҶѾźˡʮ̫࣬ò꣬ܲܰһЩТǡ
л˵
٣ˣʦֵϣһǸӡ
ƽ̣ޣ
#Һҵԩְְ#
#Һҵԩֻ#


203 ʲôǡТ
۷ٶƽʲô̬ȣ ȱǻǺТ˳ģ޾˵꣬ǳص˵ͷ
Ȼаգ ұ㰲żȥ Ҫķ֮Ĳȱ٣һͬ
˭ û˵
Ҳں Тģ Ǳ߳ˣ ȻӺ塣
ǡ桯ô׾ϯпοࡣ
˼ƽ̣ҪǱֲ̫ϵ±ĳᣬ ܵĻͥ
ǳϲλˡ
ã žͺã֮صĲһ£ҿµȻһţ֮ͬһȥ
޵˵ͷû˵ʲô
λź䣬 ٶһһشǣ ̬ȱƽʱ
һ̸Ҷϲ󱲣 ֱԵ켫ںˡֻƽɫ䵭վԱߣ ·Ǹˡ
ϣ Լʱ֮ ƽ̲ޱ߳޵Ժӡٻš
ϯ˿ҲԼˣ  ȳԺӣȻЦҵˣҺЦѣ׽ôТǣΪǰ氡
ƽһ·ĬţͷҲأһֱ߳СԣɫɡûûС̳ƽ֮λбӡ
ҲʲôԺܼ̳ܲв̳еĻˣھǡӡ
ϯ׻ǾǳӺһƽֻ̣̾ˣ뵱ƽ̣һλϹǿ߰ɱл·ˣҼ̳ƽ֮λ˳£񲻹׽ЦˣȻҡ
ΪˣƽעһȻ䵭˵ա
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켫ƽ̺üƤЦڴĹâֻص켫ںɽء
ʱղգЩ˸ǰȥ߱ߵʦûҴʦȥʺƽ̷ˡ
ҿҷˣҾԴȣ㲻ԡ
ƽҲţֻƮƮģȴƽŭʱ
ϯͣ½Ų͵͵һۣСԹʦС
վһȡ
ƽ̺𽥴һ谮ӵĸ淢չˣԸͬ˵ʲôܿתȥϸ۲һ£ȥķСڵĳӡ

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Ժ˲Լšƽ̵ĶӡĻ棬ܾЩ졣
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ԵúϵӣҪϲҲ꼣ô
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ȿȿȡȻûеġ
Щ顣
û﻽꼣һ㶼ǽ꼵ʮɽ֡
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꼲һһ㣬ֻ΢΢ͷ⡣˵ɣʲô£
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Ҳһ
ٹһֱٹ㣬ͬٹûн𣿻Ҫң
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ѵü΢쿴㵹Ǻܸ롣
Ҳû취˭ôһϹŰҪĽң
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ҲӦûҫֻһۣƿڣϹʱڣٹûģ븲壬ƴͬھҲϹʱ޷뷨Σ
޷ЩҲ
ħ֮ѡһ壿

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⻰ʵ㲻϶رһ仰Ƕǿ߾Եð˶ȻҪȻŭȴȻЦԺ㣿֮õĶʲôʧȥĶʲô
ʵǻҪٹĹϵȤ֮ҲΪλħ֣֮һ·棬ʮɽ
ò˵ԷٵȤкܴһ
ϯëʱ֮ƬݲĴƫƫĺôħ֮ʱȴܾغԥðŵϹŰΣգѾ˼ֻ⾳
Ȿǻìܵġ
ʲôܱħ֮ĺôٹԸȻԵſЩԼĵ¶Ȼǲ
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ٵǼûɫЩ΢΢üмĿڣȻУʧȥСͷգõǿͿ֣ʧȥڿҡϯ룬Ҳشȥˣ֪֪Ҷʦûеֿˡ

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ϯִָпһֻܿ߶㿴ǰ˵ˣɼδҲ˽⣬ʵǸרһˣ֮Ծܾٹ񣬾ΪҶʦȽᣬȺ
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ϹĻȸħૣȽᡣ

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νԷʱ֮󣬰һϯһͬ˵ҪȥһĹһЩģһٹ͵͵ǰˣһ֪
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ħָôˣ
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ٹڱǷϤ䡣
Լһ治뻢ڣʼղ˵ֻ÷ܵʶѡǰʵģǰħܹġ
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ٹɫһ䵭˿Ҳˣֻϸ۲ܿôЩڵס
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һϯͻȻ뵽ʲô͵͵˴һۣװ⿪ڣ㻳ǲǲڷۡ
ٱһԽýʵʵͶסˣһӽֱصڵϣֻ߹ǰ
꼵˵ϲڵĻҳվߵǰӸµض˲Ϣޱ͡
۾ϯּͷлһƬҶӣٶҿɲѪ񽫣Ϊڽ̵ӻмֶεġ
˵ֱӣһָٱֱֻȣֻһһĵǰ
컹ǶŵģϯҲ˵ʲôĻ廹ԼƣߣλߴԺӴţȻ˳ȥ

ҪҪ
ȴȻЦǰ棬һһĵϯ
ȻʮٵҪ֪ʱҪʱֺں棬㸺ֻУΧ켫ڵСһȦ
ڼ˶ϯġ״ûһ˿ڡ
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˷˵ͷǳĬصͷٹۿֻĬĬһĻ
켫֮Уֻ켫ƽ̵ķӦڲͬ
ƽǲ죬뵽ʲô𴽽ǣ˹شӽӽóһöӰʯ
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ƽǰģݵƽ̴ǰģ
ظˣ꼱㵱ûһ㡣
ϯҧҧɴԴҾʽǳãڵḶ́Ҳƽ̣Ҳļ̡
ͷһۣȴһ˲ֹɵĿ⣬·иС˫ֺʮͣ˵šаС
ЦˣӰʯƽ̣º͵ؿڣãϾḸġӡˣҪӰʯʵڹ֡
ң崺һ㣬ܿڿӰʯƽ̱һ˲ܿƵرһסͷһһһĵǰ
պ
öӰʯڵأûü
ϯ㱻סȻŬԼ˫͸ĳͬТɣʲôôء
ƽȻĬȻ
磬˵ӱ㿴ƽԡӡͬһǰһһǰֻϯܿġãƽȴûʲô顣
˵ǺһТĻ档
л˵
ƽ̣
٣̣
#ֻҪ˵ùϯ˲䲻ɥ#
#ϯȱµ#
#죬ƽ̳ʧȥ˶#


204 ò
꼴һһ켫һȦ ڼѰʱڽĥ
ɿһ˲䣬ƽ̵ʧԭأкû ɼȻޱ飬 Ѿ
һʼʮֿܡ涼˵ϯ˿̺޸оеġ
ֻһ˶Ǻʹܿµ£ ƽ̺һͲͬˣ Ҫ˵ ƽ켫
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˹һȦϯһҲص꼵ͥԺͬûһ Ȼڴ£ һģ·֮ǰЩǱ鶼Ǵ
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켫ƽȻãеĿУͥԺš顯һϣײϯıǼ⡣

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ЩȻѶٵ㿪ѶϢ㿴һм֡
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206 ôЬ
ƽ֮ κһʱ̡
ٱһ˸ؿڣűԹ ôʲô
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208 һ˺һ
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ȻϹŰз壬Լһɽݶ ѵпٹ˳۵ʱ̣ ǰ
Ųö֣䣬 ϯԵ˽Ь Ŵ䣬 ˺ü ۷š
Ժûסˡ
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Σɿק֣̾һһɣ ʵڲҺʦ뿪Щʱ˵ 꼵 ٹȽҵˡ
ջҪص磬Ҫģٹӳ˯ʱӶ࣬ ֻҪλɱ ƽ̿Űɣ һλס λҲס νˡ
ȴʧЦҿɳŲ棬СѣҳҲʱˣȥȻҲҪʮɽ
ÿܰæֻܰһ㡣
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ƼСʵֲǿûʲô飬ǸɱҲûܣǿλߡ
⻰˵ûáٵǱЩʦֲçײˣȻ׼ЩʵڲҺʦ뿪һʱ䣬ٹ˯ԺУԼδԵʱʱ̿Ҫ˯ҲʲôʱЩ˿ˡ
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ʲộ̣ģƽƳ˾ٸǱһۣСҿٹҲбģôҲû켫ɱˣӲ˵ûƾ粻֮࣬½ûʲô⣬ϹŰǲôɣҲռˣһ䣬ɷŽԴպⲻСó𣿡
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ϯ죬Զԡ
ðɣԽȷʵ㲻ʲô壬һ¹֮ˣ壬ʦôͲˣɷٺٹ֮ȴƽô򵥣Щʵ޷͸ƽƽҲδض
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#ӣʲô˵Ҿ;#


209 ޼ɵ
ΪٹھٸϢ ԷٺͽЯٸȥһ·żʦʦü˶ʮֹʺãû֪º֮һӿϯ
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#ϯ˶ͷƤ#


210 쾰
ϯΪٹ⸱ӵģͷ֮ʱ ʦɫݵֱۣ޷
ֱٹ û˿ǿ֮ɫ ֻһƽ䣬һ⡣
ȻһǸˣ ǰչ˷ʱɼһߣ 뵱չ˷ȫͬ
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211 ǰ
һ ӶһŶ̼˽
˼ʳڵģź죬 ܾʦǰΪ
ղ ⼸ʳɫζȫԱ߻һơ
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ӲĲֻģͲ켫һĶֵϣӦٹߡ
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212 İ취
ЩҪô˵ һ˵ڱЩǣĵ
ӵԸҪ֪˫һ½Уٹ֪һ ʲô뷨
⵹ʦӾᣬ ˺Ѳ⣬ϯԼǸ⡣
Է޷ͣ Ҳ֪ô˵ ûٹͼӴ׵˵ Ҳ֪ôԽ
ҪϹȥ ԺҪʦദûںˡ
񵱳ͽ˫޻ҪҽһҪİ޽
ֻ˵ ɫЩ˵ĸӣ ãʦֲ˿ȻỺӼѵ޷ʦҵΪأס
˵ Լ¡
ʱִֻΪûи عͷ룬 û˵ĸ𣬿ɷҪҲԶ׼
߲֮κˣҲǽ ͼҵ
֪ǲһ ɫЩ ˵ôһ䣬 ·Ͳ֪˵ʲô ûٿڣֻ΢΢ͷԵЩɺ֮״
һʵڲ֪ôȰعͷͬٹݺݵٹҥһŹ㣬˵
ʱҥ˵֮һҥԣٹ˿ĺݻܻģЦһƬ̹Ȼ𣬸ͱ˵ʱӦӲ˾Ѱ㵱ʲôط߾֮
ǺǺҼʱӦ㻹˵ûߣ
ٹǳԣϯĻûô˵˵ľʵ
Էٵı⣬λֻ΢΢䴽ǣɨڼˣҲɫǾڲС
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ƽףιСڣŴߵͨĴԣ֮ǰ˾䣺Ķˣ
ˣģٹ˽׶ΣԼҪ˯ѾʦʱӦ֮ǰģûʲô£ǵµ£Ҳ֪ʱ䲻ˣһӦء
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ǰʦ֣Լٹ鷳׸Ҳ̫ˣֻôʱ䣬ϯѾòܱԵκʹá
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һ䡮Сŵԣٱ˱ۣסԺȥ
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˹ƺٹźıһ翵Ļᡣ
ֻƬ̣ѾϵٹôҲںһԽΪأߣ˭ҳơ
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ֻ֪Ĺ֮Ѷȴ΢΢üԼʥ֮У߾Ͷߡ
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213 ţ
ԭЩʱ䣬 ֻҲ뵽һࡢƢҲ̫õȻô׵ӷʽ
ݵİ취ԭҲ£ȻٹȷЧ
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Ҳ ᳵ·ֳԺӣ شŶȥ ڼ̶˴Ѷ ֪Ѿص˵硣
ٶ죬ȷߵشʱλǰѾ ȻԵ䡢Ⱦ˳
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֮ǰٸѶΪ¡
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񲻽 Ҳ Ƕı꣬ ۿǰٸ߸գһнҪһ Ǿĸ׳Ƴġ
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ʮ˷Լµġ͸Īʦܵģ а˸͸켫ڵȱǣ ЩɱУϻҪʱ䡣
ټˬ죬Ҳ˵ͷãǰʱġ
΢΢ףҲǿٱȽ˳ۣλѵÿһ䣺أ
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Ҫ׷ף治֪ôشܲ˵Լ˰ѽߣ
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⵹ϯ΢΢˿
Լʱ֮󣬲֮½½ˣһ仰޲ǿ޷٣˵бТƣҲмλǰԼĵ֮顣
˵һ壬ν̶ѨҪ棬켫ھҪ֮ˡ
ټųҲû˼ƪ۵ؽֻͣ˵˾䣺ᣬҲ£ڲ̫ƽû˼Ըǡ
һ˷λЩ̫ƽˣôûϢ
ڼװԵŴѶԼ˻ϣһڴûʲô£мλס켫ڣõģʱᷢʲô

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ٸŴѶӼװԵ¶ò˳΢Цλȱ˹֣λǰõģСﶼλĲ֮صĸˡ
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ܾ󱲿ʮأһʱ֮ϼžֻȻûʲô
ԼһʱԶشţأһ˽ģԼԼٵ⡣
ƾΪǲ壬ֹֻ˿̰ӣżһӰӻʻķԴ
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ȡѶһƽ̵ĴѶѶ
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214 ٵľ
´˵ĺ ԴϹʱڱ߸ϵݡ
ͳɽ̫ãһܣȻдǰĽ ȷʵõİ취 Ч졣
ȻֺαȡԶȥԵķӣô£ ν֮˵ ֻȨ֮ƣ ٹעķŰˡ
Էٵպʣ δϣʱֶ˵һ䣺ȻþУԵĲٶ˵ Щõ£ ҷһߣԵĽɱ±ȫ

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#ϯΪһ޵ߵĻ#
#ʵûи#
#һݺύĸУϯΪ#


215 ޳
ϯ̶ƽ˫￴κλη ˽ȴڴ˿Ƶᡣ
ٱ͸˫ۿ뷨
Ʋģǲ֪ˣ һ֪ˣ ȻԵϵ˭һ
ˣ ҲȰ ͷ֮Ҳ  ƾ΢ΪҲһԼ
ٺܿĿ⣬ٿҲ£ ǸҪһ ԳΪ֮ġǡؾġ
΢׷ʣô˵Ǻ͹йصĶ
֪ĵǲ١
쿴һۣŽ͵ĵطʵҲһؾֻǱؾһЩһЩ߹ܡ
ûоħʱʱǰ߹ܵ飬 ٶЩȴ 䣬 һһɻ˵
˵ĩʱ䣬 治࣬ Ϲʱ߲٣ һЩӹ֮Ҳߣ ȻǺܶࡣ
Ĵսħ֮һ ħҲѶǿߴսʼʱѾ뵽պҲȺΣԵʱӹ֮һЩǿߣһӴؾϣΪԼȺħ֮һϢд档
˵ͣһ£ͳЩ
Ϊؾʺ桢ǷѾȫԼĹ֮аһЩճĻףйȫЩ֮Ķؾ룬Ҳ֮ǰ˵ġؾġ
ӵĹ֮۶ɵ⸮ۡĵ£һĿռ䣬ǿšؾġڵǸռֻǸռҪҪµ߲ܿҲǵЩǶµĹһҵȺ˰µµߵ֮ʱʱǾܴشţ뿪ˡ
ʮؽһж˵Щ¶˵ҲûʲôıҪеЩ
˶ΪԼΪȺû˼壬ٿٵ顣
Ȼ⣬ĩʱɰڴһ٣ɹͳʣպлӴ򡢽ߣʧܣٻԸˡ
ϯغף±˻ûѹ
һʮһúϵͳڣ˴ͷһΡ
Ҳϵͳ֪뷨Ȼܿ޵ñƽ̻
ٵϵͳ治ͨϵͳʤεģһξѾܹˡ
ŷûʲô飬˵ЩҲ˵ܿͷԸȥ׼һչҡ
漰ҪΪϯѵô󷽣Լõϵıﶼ˳²ġͻϵġѪ֮ġȫڱչռҰڽɽֱü
Ҳںô룬ʱȻΪϡ
̴ԼգҲҪȫעΪ־ĳֱڳ;аԼˣԽһаź֮ͺͷٽ˱չңرŻԸκκ;ôš
ϯʼԼҪһνչأȫ֪Զڵ֮ǱѾҳʲôģ
ƽ̿ʼ컹ÿ촫ѶȻֻǵõ˼ܣɺôиӦ֮ͻȻַϢҲˣǣȴ˵ӰЩûǳȻͿģɼٻǰȫġ
˶ó
̯ӶԼЩǰյȥ֮أӰˣֱ꣬ձСڲʱ䶼ûˡ
Դʹ߹˵Ҫ켫ھû
ħ֮ȻŭħǱҲٳ£֪ʲôӣԼǼٹ˵־ڴˣ·磬ҲŪ˸ЩõӰټϻиΨ²ҵʮɽ֮
ٱﻹѹһʱᣬ꼺˵˵ʱ򷴻һ£˲ڣЩûһƽ˵ģŶħĶ
⶯̫ʮž߶ΧۣȻҸ̫켫ƽܸоõʮƽ̶ˣųҪƽ̶⡣
⼸տνɽԻ͵ʱ̣ȺӢ͡
ٺٱչصһգ켫λԡ
ٹδԵʣж֮ʮϸ£ûеһʱȥѵѵôӴڷԺʯԣ·һλĹӡ
Ŀ켫ɽ֮صӰ
ɽ֮⣬壬еλһѩһģһһӰϣͬңң켫ڡ
λΪһξֱӶûʲô
ٹԭǰ컹ֻԽҪǶԷ٣û뵽ջܵһ̡
ٵԺû˸ҿֻһĿĮãſڡ
û˼°ܽʲôҵ鷳ûʱ䣬ҽղ߱
ڽԼţ켫ΧﰵΧ۵ŶϢ
˶ںɽƽһ̧ͷλ߸ս
Բǰһ䵭ϾȻһ˿Ц⡣
ӵ΢ЦٹΪϹʱǶռͷħ֮һߣѲʲôʲôʱˣұҲ㣬ҷ٣ʲôϵ
ڽ֮ٹţ֪ôô˵һٵ֮⡣
Ϊһʼλֻǵ˸ӣɽôǳ죬˵ٹˬ졣
֮ѳ壬ͳεʱٹ֮Ѫ
˵ֻǵؿֻ֡Ƕһٹ鶼еġ
Ҳʱٵԭ
ûʲôȤԷһʼҲûʲôȤ࿴ٹõ˷ǳȤ
ΪˣܸһЩۣðԽػʲôҲ׿ˡˡ
ٹĵĲ˵һ֮󶼲ȶԷشֺܿ쿪ڣΪռͷܵõһУٹ̫ԼˣҶδ֮䣬ҪԼҲԸ⣬ʲôϵ
ÿ˵һ䣬ͥԺеٹɫһ֡
ֱȵؿڣŷ뽭ϵƣ
ƽһҪвãͣȴ̵޷˱ʮ֮ͣ󣬿һ֮ͬ²
켫ƽ̣
ƽ̾ȵŴ죬㶵ͷһϢرˡ
֪Ҫ˵ʲô
ʱһЦͬ켫һ
˵λԵͬΪߣһΪһΪҳСѻ/񣬾֪˭
ݣ˭ΪĻ⣬Ͷˡ
ʵԴ
꼲֪ʲôʱߵƽߣ˵ôһ䣬ƽ΢΢һЦɫº͵£еͬкο
صģλǺ֮
л˵
ƽ̣ҪҪո˵Ļ
ƽ̣ҵʲô
ƽ̣Ҳ뵱ƽˣҲƽˣ
#ʱϯһһչ#


216 ʦܵ
ƽ嶼һ롣
꼵ǱĪӲУ Զ룬ȴֲ
źͰУʵҲʲôö ϴΰͷһȦ ƽ澡ʧﶼвٳϿĿܹ֣ һֱ ֻǿڶԷߣ ŭ԰ˡ
ߣ 켫ƽ̱˵ľ㤸С
˼ߣֻܾѳһ˿Цݣ˵ǡ
ƽ̲ſһ䣬 ǳ꼣 ҵ㣬˵ٰΪʮ׽
⻰Դˣֻǹ˵ٹġ
ƽߣ΢Цݸ
ˣ С˵һʣ Ҳû׽ˣ ǿܳƵһ꽻
𣿱ô˵ʲôܶ˵ǰйڱأʲôʱºͿˣһСҲ˵ôࣿ
ٹѪ ͺ˳ۡ
ϹʱϵҲУ 죬 ־֮ǰ£ ߥ޷ȥ λ֮䲻˵ͬˮ𣬿Ҳǵӵġ
ܽλ֮ϵ̫á
ìͷָԼҲţȻº͵֣һӼ£СѼ֣Բ˵ЩѲҪᡣ
ֻһЩ䵭Ц
ֱʱһֱĬٹڵͳпڡ
ʰ۵ô˳֣ܸҲʲô߹
һ䡮ʰۡ˵ľǰͰ֮Ĺ
ٺ֮ʲôСžٹôȷʵǴʼϲôƺǿߣԻϵ
ɼٹĵı಻ǳ䲻˵һ仰ȴֱġ
Ⱳ޵ľܸ˵帲
ͣȺʱԼܣ֮Ҳ޷磽Ĺᣬ÷ٴ̼ٹ
ֻһ仰ǳЦݱ񺮱ӡ
ٹ㱳塢ѳȺ治˵һ㽫ʳվ㱨Ӧ֮ʣԸսʧȥҲʹζ
˵֮ԭ߾ƶӰȻˣʡ
켫֮ˣӽҵ޽֮Լ켫Ϊ֮ףΥͳ꣬չؽ۷塣
һʼֻӦٵ취ٹע⣬ܿٹⷬģʵãǶֻȨ֮ƣȴľôûʲôá
Ҫòһħ֮ҲõζٹضȡԳϹʱ֮Թ
ۿ̬չԽԽأһֱ͵͵ߴƽסˡ
͵ڱȰ

һְֻϣֹĻҲ°¡
ЦȻߣݸᣬһغ㡣
֮£ò֣ƽ̺αȰ˵
ǡ
ƽŵǰڣȰһȰغã˵ġ
ܾ̬Ȳһʼ˼֮˾
뵽ƽаһ
ĻˣƫƫʱֲڣѶҲûӦȻһҪǻ˶
Σ
Цƽ̣СѿǿģλᣬϹʱҲûʢ٣켫Ҳɡ
ҡ
켫ƽ̲ûסƿڴ
ϸҲֻ˶һûͶ⹰Ҫٹٲλ
˿ƽǿЩգֻܲ켫ڽΪһƬٲڣϵ常λ֣߳Ԯһ켫°
˵
ȻǳǳͷһƵӡ
ƽ̲ٴΰһȴ¶мɫ
ϿλߵĽѾʮֽƵ״̬
Щ²죬ٹȴ˵ʲôѸ֮ƽ۷壿ƾ㣿
ֻﻹδ£ͻһ֮Ӱ켫ڸգۼ޾ްħӿڸ켫Ͽա
פΧħԸնħƣֻһ˲嶦ƷָƬء
ڰ·Ҳָ֡
޾ĻްħУٹī³෢̤ϯҲʵòû˶پ졣Ƥ԰ףһλӣһ̤׹£ݣݾͷһ׹ǰ
ͻᷢһĻ崫пЩ
ʱٹƶ˰׹̾͵ϣʬѪֹֻĵͶߣ̸Ц串Ӱǿ塣
һĻиۡ
·صϹʱβٹ£帲вѳֱ꣬ա
ĳԹ̹ġ
켫ڷͥһͷӣͷ߱ڸǣħ۳յƣǸ˾͸ں֮ϡ
ʶУѹġħ졷ء֮һδ㿴Щ׹ǽֻа׹ǣûӿѪ˵ȫʢʱڣҲ֪ʲô취;Ĺ޵Ǽ޵ģóȻضҪܲҵıԿ̽ңںϵѲˣȫں֮ʱΪʱҿ֮̽䲻һԸһѵĻᡣ
һֱţֱϸĹ취˵꣬Ȼ̧ͷûг
񾵱ɻôˣʲô𣿡
ԥ
ʲô
񾵲˼ΪڵԷΪ⣬ֵЩΣգٹȻһ֣˵ʱҲ֣ǶٹûʲôøУҾðղСϹʱڵһߣڣͷԶҲ԰Ҫ֪ĩʱûнߵ;ˣߣŬ޽ӽߣҲϲϹŵһߵƣͷٵδڴһ
˵ѾˣɫȴûаȻ·̲ŵǹ⣬Щǹֱ
񾵱ѯʣ㵽ԥʲô
ӳĬãŻش𣿡
˭
ٹ񡣡
Ȼõģ޼лᶨȻŹ
ʦ΢ĩһ·˸棬ûмѣ֪ʵٹѣܿġ
񾵣
ʮֲ⣺㵽˵ʲô
ԥʦܵѣΪѡ

ЩĬ֪˵Щʲô
ȴȻƬīƣãûֻżʾ両
л˵
#ұԵȫҰ׸#
٣Զʦ֣ģҿ
ϵͳ㻹ǰ˼ҶԼܹ͵ߡ
٣
٣㲻ҵԵĵԺúöġ
ƽ̣
#ƽ̣ⱲӾͲ#


217 
ӵ˷֣ ֻһͬĬ
ƶ֮ϣλٴԶǰħһս
ʱΪеٮٮߣ Ҳ˿ٹ ֻʱ߻ߣ׺ɣ ȴֻʣһˡ
⻺ õӰĿһһʵ 졣
켫У ƽ̽Ƶؿţ̲סѯʴôͻȻʵˣ
ྲۿЦŻشħ֮δ ݺϹİ ȻҪһЩأҪ֣ܲһӰӦԣҪЩ塣
ƽ΢΢в̫õԤУ ֵܿǰ˵λǺ֮ ᶯ𣿡
֮ŭʱ 

켫ƽ̲źۼƳһۣﲻ֪˶پ䡣
ܿû˼עˣΪͷλһԲϾͿʼ֡
ĵһ λ켫Ͽճ֣ ޾ѹڵǼ
ƽǿƣ һ䣺λǰ 켫ڵӡ
Ϊǿߣ ֻҪָ¶һ䵽ĶĶʵڲòġ
Ϊȼ̫ʱЩǿ߸ûԸ㣬㶼е
֪ǲһЩãǷٵţڰ׹ϵٹͷһۣ鰴һ͸סµ켫ڣѵƶʱӸ֪ʧǰѹѹſڵϴҲˡ
ƽ¶м֮ɫæлħ
պˣǰλУ׽Ҳͣ·ôҲǺͰҪ֮ǰپѵħ֮
ʵλħ֮Ƕ켫Ƶߣλ߿׽Ĵϲŭԣɲ⣬Ҫ󣬾͸λħ֮
Ӵ˴Ҳܿħ֮ԷСȷʵвǳĸ顣
ƽһЩһ־ʮʹࡣ
ٹ켫ƣֻǵͷҲˣλƫƫǸϵľ𣬷ֺͽһ۸ӵĹϵֻҪһͷޱȡ
ȷǻ˶жΣƽ̰˭˭ȥҲˣҪĻ
ƽЩʱ֮һƬݺύ֮
ƽʱЩ߻ϤҲûȫֵʱ򡪡ֻδߡ
˸޷ƶ֮ϵΣƽҲֻģģ֮ǵأ·ͷһ磬ˮܴܽή׹ǳɶѡ֮֮
ֻߵ꼽һ۵ס
Ц̾ΪݺϹšߡ
ôˣħӮ𣿡
ƽֻ̿
ħָ֮ѹ˿̲δںͳ˯һֻ˳ߣ𡣡
꼵˼ƺһƽҲ֪ǲǺ£ֵħҪܣ
ҡͷ߻վ
ǰ̧ͷһֵۣͷشƽ̣ұǾ̾ڴˣ£ٹȻռϷ磬С
ԼƺĲʡ
ͬΪϹߣͬΪ֮ͬΪ콾֮ٹͬһʱߣûٹĴڣߣᡢϳˡ츳ѣƫƫһɫ޵˺ճ۵ΪȴѳȺָ壬۷ʱȳ˯
ͬʱ콾뽭
񡢺
ԣǲıȺٹС
ƶ֮Ϲ֮Űֻನгǲ͸ϵƣɼмҡ
ڵ죬̾˿
ͬ㣬ƽ
ѲϹʱħʱʬҰϹšֳַ˯𣿡
üĻȻţƽ̷·һ˲ĳֻþ⾰ﶼõġ͸Ľ꼻οţƯԭء
ִʮֺֻһ˲գۼ䣬Ѿʧȥ꼵ټֻƶ˻ҵĹ֮һ޴󡢽ס貵꼻һ˲ţĻɫһ㵴һнӴЩĶֲߡƷԿٿήϡɳһ˲š
ûп·켫ڣƽľս֮Уδ͸ٹõǲ͸ϡ
ħ嶼ǿϵʩԮ֣ΧΧ۵߾Ͳˡ
һɢȥʱ˲ŷȻܼӿʱ٣һ˲ɹ꣬Ÿɢȥƽ̱˲ٲҽȻӵľ󣬰ƽ̡
Χ۰ԼȥˣĲҡ
ƽţݺ˿ڿˮ̧ͷͷǶõľ޴꼻ʱͶһ˿֮⡣
ߡʮɽĴǰλ٩ɽλײеģ޲𹥻
ĻˣʲôҪ꼻켫ڿһΣ켫˲串ӶӲȥ
ƽֵģ̲סóѶٴѶ
ƿڴ˶б±Ӵ㣬ʲôӡ
ȻȻûлӦ
ʵ켫ϿմʱϯҲûùȥ
ûʱ鿴Ѷ
ٸۡչڣʹз
ķʽں񾵣֮ٽʹʱǸտʼںǻʶϵʹ࣬ɷٲͬǿгĩʱܴﵽߵȼʹ꣬òԼڱϳеϣһʹ
бչһһҹѪۣһδγдëϸѪ͸ģƤϵѣٶҲЩʪ󣬵û
üͷ壬ʵ̲ס˰ɣݻЩʱգ㻹ҿôȥûʹˡ

ҧ֣ʹǿߵģʹʹ㣬а׳Եͣʹʲôûҵؾ㱻նԴʹ
ٴ΢
ÿ˵˵֮УնԴҲһСʱ䣬ѾһһҹˣûʲôΪοƲסֲϹ
ϯԼĻ˵ȫӲ
Ҫ֣Ҳû취ֻüΪϡ
Լ˵ڶҹʮʱٵΪҲЩŲסˣٴοʱͻȻʹѾ˵һϢķͻȻѪһĶѪɫȾ¶һϲõЦݣˣҾ֪УȻǺɵ㿴һӾͳ忪ˡ
٣
λǿ߾Ĭһ˲ŴЩҪϢһʱ䣬˵
ٳɹʹһɨ⣬˷ܵʱƳһۣСٴˣ㲻а㿴ңˣһûУҾھܺͶսһ
ɫЩףƣȴѾָǳɫɨٴѪۺһ鰵һ鵫˷ܵʮƽںࡣ
ϯ˷ܵЦһӽϡ
л˵
٣ұ׼Ƚ꼵Ҿˣһ㡣
٣ߣʮӶʮĪҵƹһ졭
٣ĺࡣ
٣ջ
ƽ̣ٲˣʬɡ
#һڴܣһڽ#
##


218 ƽ
治˵
Щ ĬĬټδҪһٵѡУϲδֻЦ⣬ ɫã ҲͻƣҲҪȹΪ ˵ Ҳһˡ
Σ ²Żȥ
˶ۣ ûйཻ뿪չ֮󣬷ٻصסԡ£ ϴɾԼ֮ ˳ʳƳꡣ
ȵһϣŪڷе£Ų򿪽ӽ䣬 춯õĴѶ˳
㿪 һըʱڷڣ ƽ̵ĴѶ
ʲôʱ
ôشѶ
˵㲻ټСӣȥĶˣ
٣ ͷˣ ҪΪƽˡ
㵽ʲôʱ
常Ҳսˣ ǴֱǸ װģģ ɱ۶գսħ֮Ͽջڵأռ飬Ѿһһҹˡ
˶б±ЩˣӸƨɣ𣿡
ʲôʱ
ӿŲסˡ
ˣֱӻʬɣƽ֮λˣ켫Ҳˣôôˣ
һ仰˵ǷϸС
پ꣬յͬϵͳ˵۵֪ҵҪˣûҲУ㿴Ҳ뿪ãžҳӣҹȻ켫ƽ̣ҪʦУŲסÿҡ
ϵͳ
Եõظ̾һ䣬Щ򿪴Ѷɤӣ¶΢Цͬƽ鴫Ѷʺãղ
ֻϢʱ䣬Ѷͷ㴫
Сӣ㻹ţ
ϯɫ΢
˵ʲôҵȻˡ
㻹ôӵĴѶ֪֪Щôģ
ƽԭҲöĴ˿̳Թ̶̳͸˴ѶٶС
ٵ˵꣬Ҳֻͣһ䣺Ϊˡ

ѶͷĬ˰ӣãƽǲŷӦȻθߡ
˵ʲô
ҽˡ
С½㴦һ͵͵ȥΪģ㻹˼ң
ԭֻԹƽ޷顣
֮ǰŷ˽öӱˣ֮˵ɺ֮⣬һȵϷСӲˣСӲĻ
ʲôöã˵һҪ˵Ҳ˵һԸȥˡ
ǲӣ
ʦԵĻԵҿҲǰˣⷽͦʹģδܵˣⷽĿǰֻһ˿ɵãˣҪԵķܲʦ֣
ôƽҲôˣϯٽһ䡣
ƽ̲ûţ֮˶֮ûپ£˵ЩȲ˵ˣ㵽ʲôʱͷٴ켫ҪΪһƬˡ
ٹ͸Щҡҡ׹ʧȥϣλ߽ನһ
ĿǰҪ£ԵĶ˵
͵͵λΪҵͷҲ±Żһ䣬ŵʱǻزˣҽҪȥһҪ£ɹʣӦҲûʱĴѶˣǳɹҺܿʱһԿӭж⣬ʧܡ
Ĭһƽȴ͵ʧܣҺʦ˵һֵܡ
켫ƽ̣
պλ߽ս¶˲ˣֻ׷ʲôֵܣСӣҪʲôҾ㣬
ƽʲô֪ô˵ֲԤУ˽ʱܽȴҲһǰȻʱŵʱ˵ĻЦȻô˵ضʲô漰Σա
Σջʮ־޴ҲȾһѣصôһ䡣
ȷٻشƽּҴҵԼȥͽ˵ڽսļλ˶ǲӣ᣿
ҪĴˣƽ̵֮ᷢʲô£λħ֮Ǩŭ켫ڲŹ֡
Щְܻһ䣺𼱣ֻ˵˵ѣҾҳɹĿܻǺܴģôҲȥⲻǺи淢ֲҶã˭Ҳû˵͸һˡ
ޣ
ƽ̺ݺһ䣬ӵʮӵùôǲӻ̫ˣҪЩĥۣҸ㣬Ȼλȥ㡣
𰡣𺦶Ӱ
ŴæǧǵˣǼλǴ߽սʮҲ޷ǧңһеһ˵УҸʦ֣⼸λĽսΣžҵַһʲôŵԶ޷֮Ǳ֣һ
㵽Ҫʲô
ƽʵɻ𡮵ɾˣΣʲô
ϯĬһӣõͳ𣿡
ӴѶ˶Ӿ㣡
ƽ̿ھǷҷ֮ٷˡ
ƽ̻Ǹƽ̣ȻԸһ㣬Ҳǵȼаˣ˵ôҲȥ
ѹΪҹҺ˵߱ˣһ֪ɣǿ˵ûС
̵ذȥ˵һ飬ܽͷĶСģʱݽߡûƾԼԶҲܽߣûµߵҪ뽣ƫ档ΪЩͣõԵҲһλ᲻һˣһҪһһҳɹ֮˼̳ƽ֮λҲû켫ڡ
̫Ҳ̫𾪣ƽ֮û
ֱٶΪϴѶˣƽ̵͵͵
㡭а𣿡
滰ٻ
ϻ
ûС

ƽޱȸӣ־ĬһѾ޽ӽ֮ˣаգСӣղŽǿͻƣ֮ߵԼġ
һʱұΪɹʣ

ļᶨƽڳź̾
ˣһǰҲĿԴ漣
ô˵ͬˣ
پЩϡ
⻹ƽ̵һû˵Щϰߣƽ̻ЩȽϷ
ô켫ڵӣҲ˱ôõĵȻҲӡ
ͣ٣˵ߡһ֮ң죬ⱲûϣˣƽʱܳһλߣҲȱֻСӣ㣬ĿܸҪȥģһ⣬Լλ߶ҲҪ
֪ɺҪξ죬޷ĺֻһֻȸˡ
ᣬȫҰĶһ仰Լƽ֮һƽ͵ضԻ
ƽҲš
˷ٻִᶨ
ҲգԼͺáһͣͳһ£Сӣʲô취Ұһµʱ䣬һ֮ڣǱ䣬κ磬ˣ֮Ҳ޹ˡ
ƽôԸ£ҲڱǵΣɵһ̣Ǹ˵ס
ϯΣɫҷģʱ߱ش켫
켫ڣպĴѶ̧ͷͷһƬӵĹ֮ɢĿռ䡣
ޱ٣Ҳζɱģӵ֮£ôˡӡĬΪ켫ڵļ̳ˡ
Ȼܿ˳ۣһ̣ƽϷָĹߣϾΥ¶һ˿΢Ц
ԶҲЩѾˣ켫ڵƽҲһλž޵Ҳѹһ콾
ߡ
֣ͻȻâһ˲â¶
л˵
٣ѱҵ
#ƽ̵#


219 ֮
ƽеף پжЩѶ֮ͬϵͳ̾㿴˵ûɣ ұԵ ȫҲҪо仰˵úã ϰ߳Ȼ ˣ ƽ̹Ȼô
ǰ켫ƽ̶Ǻ޲ɱġ
ϵͳͷţ ˵öԡ
ڷߣ˼ʶ֮⣬Ҳѧ˲ٱ£ Ȼ֪Ժܲõϡ
ѧŵ㣬 ʣδδزܳΪһϵͳ
ȻϵͳеʱܴٶϿѧϰ̬ȻǺ⣬һ䣬ʮ͵ģ
ϵͳٵõĿ佱 ʱܳ ֵ Ǳûʲô𣿡
ƽ̺˵λߴˡ
û¡
ȴʮƶ켫ﶼͨߣλ˭ҲûôĹȥɱǣôҲ㽻ã ٹ񶥶࿴˳ۣ ˽⣬ ûôСۣ ɱ˽ΣҪֻؽ ҲɲϹŰ
ͣͣɫЩ֣ǾͲɱ켫ڵˣɱңɱңΪزȥʲô𣿡
λ߶֪켫ڶҪԣ켫ھǺڸǵɱˡ
ȻҲǲᷢɱҲᾪȣľǾһϵͳʱҡ
áϵͳ֣صڹΧȶ꣬ƽ˵ߵڵĲ̫࣬ⲻܰϵġ
֪˼֮ǰʹ꼣֮ǲһģˡܡǡ򡯣ٵ˵Щ֮֮ǰ漰УľˮǹһĻ֮Ҳˣ߻õ棬ҲΪֻһû˵˭Իһʵ磬һЩ뷨
ϵͳһ֪⣬ͺԥؿ佱޵š
Ȼҿ졣
ϯһҲǫĿ佱ȻϢȹ̲ŽΪ
ϵͳĽͨ顣
ʱ󣬵ڶա
һپȲȥ٣⣬ٸϴ󲿷ֵطԳͨ裬峿ʱ־ͽλǿߵķĵ졣
ٴˣҽˡ
һ䣬ֱ֮ڡ
͸֪ϢȥʱѾߣɫȥʮֳ
˶ϲϻԸ񣬷ȵǿռĶھߣ
ٿ۴ɫЩüʲôҲû˵ֻ
ٱಽ˷䡣
ãߵһǿƵԡ
һǣ˲ʧ󷨷΢Ĺ⣬¶һµ
һƬУ˲Уµߡ
Լң߹հƵͷڳһС
ɫӣ֮Ŀѣ֮С
ͣ½ŲָУڣǰµڣȥ֮һֱǰһиɫͼԲؾģõٳҾͿˣ֮ǰӦһ糣
Ȼô˵Ե⣬·ѿ̽˷ٵ˼
ϯҲںٴ˿ٲô֪֪Լⶫע⣬Ҫȥؾȡ
Ļ̥˲δ̫ټ̵һЩעʾԽȥˡ
ٵͷҲ飬ֱӱǵ
ǰâֻһ˲پ͸оԼſ˵ϣϷ·صһƬɿռ䣬ɢߣ˵С
ͬʱҲ֪ΪʲôҪܽռ侹Ȼֹ򣬿ռ֮ڻضƣһſ˵ϣΪȻӴһʱ֮Ӧ
֮µ޷ߡ
΢΢ҧ˼Ŵӵ޴ڵѹƬɿռǰ
ؾڵλһĹߣָ򣬲Ȼı߶֪
ѭǷ˺þã֪һʱȻǶԶߡ
˿ͣϢһ
޴ѹߣٶ˰ٱҺۡ
ûԵΣѹ㹻ĥˣԽǱѹԽĸо
Ϣһӣټǰ֪ͣͣռ˶ããȻֻʱ֮С
ӽͨĴѶʧȥãڻϵͳżһ£ڲʲô̫۵
ϯһڻĮķˣÿһ쳣ǰȴԶһ޼ûоͷġɳĮ
ڼ䣬ͷһһϮ˲;ɥ֮顣
Ҳ·ԶҲ߲ͷҲɲߡҲֻΪϷŪҲѾزȥˡҲڴˡҲҲвħ塭
˼׷Ϯھ޴ѹͷʹѣʼûͣ½Ų
ϵͳЩģȴϵͳ˵鶼ûˣֻƬƺԶ߲ͷġĮһһǰǿڱصõġؾġȥ
޾Уʼûͣ½Ų·㡣
һߣ켫ڡ
λ߽սذ켫ħѾûκ߸ΧۿˣΪ꼵ֻʣһƬήĻߡ
Ժһõľӣİȴʼûн澵ӳȥ
켫ƽվ켫ںɽǰ̧ͷһֱûŲŲ
֮ǰͷٴѶѾȥ˺ü죬֮ٴδѶûκλӦ֪ҲѾʼǼ¡
һ£ٵı֤
ڵߡ
Ͻսλ߽˺Щ죬Ҳڲͬ˾ȥٹڵˣѰ˼϶µƽ̡

ԭ׷׵ش̽ٵ£βһǣ壬ҲһţٹѾ˼£Ҫٱˡ
ƽɫȣ΢΢֣ʮֹħˣЩʱҪæһ֮
Ķ
ٹİ׹ռ䲻飬Į
ƽٻشѹһ˿ǳЦӹ֮壬Ϊȫ֪
æµ֮£λ޹أҿԵķġ
ƽ΢ͷ­Ȼƽȶ
ٹûпĿԽĽء
ƽ̱ǰһ̧ͷӣɨλߣȻͬһ̶
һ֮ڣλ޹֮£߶һգɲǣҲδΪ֮⣬˴ΪŽأκ˲룬ħҪǰ켫£̤ҵʬǰ
̫Ҳûκλæ
ƽڶġ
λߣбľٹڶٹԷٵĸ顣
;ӳ˯гأԷٵĸ鲻ֻôǳȻˣ켫»ɱעҪͷٲݣٹǷܹܣ
ƽ̲ҿ϶ԷϾɱ¾ϹߣܷҶδ֪
ûԵİ취ͬͷ˵ɣЩҲ޹ˣ˿ֻ̣һ
ٹû̶ֻ켫ƽ̱Ľã·̡
л˵
#٣ҹҪƷ#
PSʽɡ


220 
磬 ؾĿռ䡣
ޱ߼ʵУŲѾľ
ѹһƺԶҲﲻĿꡢѾʧȥ˶ʱĸʱһʼжô˷ܼͼᶨ뷨ľ ĺڰ ûа档
ھ뷨ֻеִ֧֡
Ϊ ʹ Ȼͬһ㾫ƣߣ ֻʣԼŨصĺ
ϵͳʮֵǣ żԺ䣬ûлشȻϵس Է޾ռС
һһϵͳȹ˲֪졣
ǵâԽԽ һһڷǰ
ֱľһ˿żѹ浹ǵâ֮ǰſڵϴϢã̧ͷ㿴âһԲ
Բȥǳ⣬ ˵У ǰǿпģ 沼иɫĻƣЩֲƺγ˺ɽ󺣵ȵģ
ղŵ֮ǰûпԲ ֮ٴ̧ͷ㿴ˡ
·Ϊ뵽ˣ ΪѾľһ ų֡
Щ
ռ䲢˵ ֮ûʲôΣգ ֻҪⶫУ֮ǰЩռĿ飬־ᶨޱȡִȹ̲ǿߵ˾ͲһˣҲ˵κͨ
ܿšؾġɹһС롣
ٳ˿ЩˣŴӵϻСߵǰǿССġԲ
ɺԵĴǣϯ֡
ûٳ⣬ָǿԲ֮ץġ
ֻϸ΢Ų͸оһǿҵУռϸĲ
ٻܣɫ£һֻסֻֽԲġ
ԺУ֣صϵͳ׼ΣյʱҪˡ
ϵͳЩɻ󣺡㲻Ϣһ𣿷ȥҪһЩʱ䣬οһЩ
ȥ
ϯ𴽽ǣӹһ˿а
㻹浱ٵǹԹԻȥûռ𶯣Ҹ㣬ҴšؾġʱΣվӰˣҺٿɲʲô׽֮ˡ
˵Ҳϵͳش˫šؾġҧþȫ֮ǵâק˳
Բ뿪âһ̣𶯣ϸĹ׷£ռгصѹһɨա
û˿ԥֱӽſʮ̵ּԲײԼüġ
ʶ̽һ˿ĶǣǿԲֱӴü˽ȥ
·հһ˲ű޾ʹϮ÷ԼѾըĴ㱼俴˴ķ硢ƮơʵĺӡȼյĻ𡢶ı
ƺԺַһ顣
ֻʮϢĹ򣬷׷׵ĹбһӰӹһ˲
ֱƳü̽Įޱȡ
㱾ԵұӣαҪѰ·
ԭĶ֣öںйԲ򰴽Լʶ
ڷӵҪѵʹ֮У侲طٺˣʮָ̱֯һʵޱȵľ
εĿռ䱻һ档
û˿ݣȻٴε٣ģԿ̽
ϯһѹʹһСشԲзֳ΢ǧ֮һںϵԼ֯ĻþУһߺڸǵſЦ
޵֮ڵ⣬һղղɹʣкξ壿ѡ
£пռ䷭תµߵ·һƬ½縡֡
ûƬɵĿռ䣬ǰʧȥټ
ɫ΢δţֻƷһƬռ䡣
ڰһ߼ѵؽԲһסԼѵס
ʵ˵ҲûȼԼҲҪСģΣգοֲŽߡ
⵽֮Ϯֻôһ㲼ϸѺۣҪѵĸо
ϵͳҲڼά֣İޣҪÿԼţʵ̲סȰҪ˰ɣȼ̫ˣôȥұס꣬Ļġ
ָĻΪޣ־ڻ档
ߵĹ֮ǱϵͳߵȼֻҪʶûںϸԽñԽԼ֡
ûлش
˫ʮָϱ֯þ٣ȴţҧüâַƤʼѣ˿˿Ѫ͸Ⱦۡ
ʶУ˼ӣ󣬻˼λģģӰǸִһּ̧ɽӵɽ仯׺ɣ
ִƹЩ֮ߡ
ǣһһ޾ʹ֮£Ƕѱ֮ʣȴſʶƬеɽޱء
ɽڻҪ࣬Ϊħһսʹ½־ϴ𽥱׵ⷽ硣
̽ѰƬе磬·ԼǸķ硢ơǸǹءʹɽӡҲȼչԭ
ӲߣľϢ£ܴȼ顭
֮Ķһжѭת֮Լ֮ϣΪ׹
·ããհаյһ˿⣬ֽס
֮ɫȻŷЩԭڱٹϱĹͻȻʵ֮׷ɵĲǹ㣬ǻשʯм
ٻһһǰ֮̽ǰ۵ķٵüġ
ƤʱϯͻȻ˫ۡ
еӳǰһ֮ԭضõ١
˵硢Σɴ
ٱ㱻һԭεķסö
λǿͫ׶ȻСʧ̬ܣ
ŶãŷپȻѾߵıԵйôܣϹʱҲûġ
ûлشֻͷ˿ѶѪһ͵ˮӿƾնϵѪۡ
Ϣ֮ͻָ֮ǰϯģ
ſȻŵ١
ºͣƷ湫ӣЦ֪ΪʲôЩϹҪµΪϹ߽ˣܸıԵռǰõĿ鶼޷Ҫ˶ȡܵõ֮Ͽɣ
֮ǰЩ飬ʵǸһֻ֣޷ڣ֪һ塣
ĿеºȾ˼˿㵱Ȼֻ콾
νɱģ˵ľ仰
˲죬Ȼ֮ס޷١
ߺ֮µ·ٽ֮ıԵûʱȥڻͨ
ƬռΪʧȥˡġѾʼ𽥱ѽ
һռ䣬ٳ̾һٵԷĿƺǾ仰ɨ٣ǳ䣺Ǹ̫ܣֻ̫㣬ʤ̭˶ѡ
˵ת뿪Ƭռ䡣
һ֮ڲѾȲҪȥˡ
ûȹΪֻ벽ߣҲǼ绹Ӯ֮ߵĵȼԽֶǵŰֻҪսҲܴ򼸸ش´֮࣬³ֿʣµֻʱĻۺȹ̡
ԡܣھҪȥĹͷ
л˵
٣ҡһս
꼣΢Ц
񣺡

#ƽ̣Ҫ#


221 ߹
ߵ·ϣ Ƽ֮УٻǷ˴ѶԼߣ һ ǲμ֮صĲٻʲôʱѶ
ٻΡ
˵ ʤ̭ˣ Ѿ˶֣ 뿴塣ոշѾܸˣ ֱɱ֮潻޿Ƿ Ǹˣ ῴһ㣬һʱԽҲɥʧģϾǿߡ
λڣҲһʱ֮ҪʲôԹ̱֮㵽
Էûһ㵣ģ һ¾׼ȥˡ
ܴ򲻴ù Ҫ ȳһٷйһ˵
뷨ϯһ˲ǧԽ룬ӽ켫ڵشš
硣
ƽ̻ںɽ֮ǰ Ѿڴ˴˲ʱգ ٹûǿ λ֮νΣ ȻЩ ѾͷԼãҲûмҪ롣
ʱڻУʱ䳤ˣƽҲš
Ͼ˭λ߶ô춼еɣͬ˵һ£һʵڲ̡
Щ죬ȺȫսЩ컹ۡ
ٹһֱ߾ƶˣĽأˣ΢켫ڶڼžĻжȹá
ƽ̲ס͵͵öǵĺˮ֮󿴵λħ֮Ŀ仯·Щ׹Ƕѻƶ˽£˺ɽء
պ̲סħˣѵôʱգβٵȵȣһ֮ںܿ͵ˡ
ٹδֻͻȻΪħʧ켫֮У緲һһһ
ƽ̸ӽˡ
٣սģٴεħˣαء
û˵꣬ɽشͻȻŷһҫ۹âӹâ͸ΪĻӰ
ɺסơĿģٵӯзɵҲ̫ڰ֡õĹڶ֮һľӺɽ̳òٿ˾ޱȡ
Ȼһ˶ǳϤšŴЦ
ɽ磬ǵ߻
һӰӹ켫Ͽգʦ緶
켫ƽһϲϲֽɫ
Сӳ߻УͻȻúö
ûںϸ΢飬֮쳤ХɽԼĻع飬ȻֱӽĿ׼ƶ΢ЦĴ
΢̧°ͣ꼹˹ָ
һܡ
꼻شֿߵѾ켫ڵٹŵҲˣһϣ
΢Ц͸Σɫ죬Ψٹ޶ݣ·֪ǸʲôԵˡ
ĿһƬž
֮󣬴ЦСѹ֮ʣǰѯйڹ֮£ΪֻЩԵ뾹һ죬̶ʱ򣬱ϹʱСҲܳƵһ侪žˡ
Ȼһ˵ºͣҲѵô佱ʱ򣬿ɼ꼶ԷٵĽȻеϡ
ϯûб佱ϲ΢ƲĿȾЩã˭СѣҲˣΪӣٳ˻θ˵ӽ쿪ʼͽѪԺ󶼽
ħӪĳλԭֻǾȵɫ˲佩ӲޱȣΧͬͶĿ⣬д桢Ҳͬ顣
ٹޱ飬ֻϸ΢ĴܿĵĲ
ǰ̲סЦ˼ħӪһۡ
ԴЩ٩ѪȻǸ֡
õ˵
ʵ͵زУǳ˳ۣսһ֪ʲô֮
ȻЦʮֿģð֮û˿⣬ȰѪ㻹ûȹΪֻܳƵϰ벽ߣȰȹΪ˵
Կó̬ȻһЩϸ΢ı仯ǰһСٰƽЩ̬ʵĲࡣ
롢οߺ֮¾ر𡢲ɿԽĺ蹵
ٲϻֱ֣Լ֡
йֹ֮֮ƫƽ⣬ûǿĹûоԵķҲûʲô㣬õȻǷϵõΪ
ֱӴӿһɫõĳɷ˵㳯꼴ȥ
Χεķ·ͻȻΣ롣
΢΢̾˿ЩͷۣϾ벽õҲǹ֮֮ǰȻ붯֣ɷٹҲûС
üĵ꼻΢΢һ͸ӳȥЩεķײһֹ֮
꼽ż㣬ȥһЦ̾ϢСѣǺοࣿ
ԺھɽҲڸǲ˷ڻֻոմ֮ãҲڵķ٣˴йûʲôʵ塣
ôǳСۡԵߵ治ࡣ
ߣսսôϻ
ٸô룬Žȥһᣬ֮˴õơ
ƴŲƵĺӲŻһȭȻűһЩķ£̰ͦء°ϿüͷΧõ
΢˿
㣬
ϯָͷ˲ϹŰϹŰģϹŰ𣿡
ʵڲ֣⻰֮ԭԼ飬ɫ˵ʲô
˵װʲôϰѷϵطңӲ㴫ȻߣҸ㣬ǰЩĻûһԡ
ϯͦţĿӣزУĿȴٹʱ嶯¡
ȻԶ
ɲ붯֣еٮٮߣδҲһ벽սġ
ƾŷϵ򣬱ͬǷϵ׷켫ʮȦ˲ᣬԼֹס˽Ųʵڲһһ߿·ҷĻ쵰׷ȥ
׷ŷٴ򣬽ɫڵòУϯЩҵ½ֹסŲʮŵسһҰ벽ߣɱңҽ겻ʮٹ꣬ɱ
ûúͬھ
ϹʱڵٹֵԣԲ˯ƴҲҪһֱ̫ɶˣ
ȴں˻һ˵ϹߣԴ
ֽ֮ĿƳɫݡٹ
ٻûڣٹѵȻսǶ˲ܣȷҪսң
ϯɫ΢٣ƺ뵽ʲôɤӣħ켫ڴôãҲߣߵ裬ǲǸûȥˣ
սһҪЩħԼʶȹΪ˵
ôĵطҲ𣿡
ٹȻûʲô飬ֻǳʹǰʱûκβͬ˵䵭ûô롣
ħô㲻裿
˵Ƴɫڵ赭дã㲻Ϊ忪ͺˣɽҲЩ
ûκβԭɫŷٵͻȻ΢
ֻǱˣȴΣ
һλ߾Ȼֻͬǰ벽ߣողźͷսһҪǷ쵰Ӧٹڴ˶пܡ
ϵ֮ɫ˲Ϣ˳ࡣ
л˵
ٹûʲôȻһߵġ
꼣Ѫ

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222 ɵ
ǰǷٽǱ˴ƽɽе ҲԳΪЩƽĽˣϯԼŬûа׷ѡ
ǵ²û
Ȼոջӵһ˿̵ķȴ侲
ƳɫݡƺѾĬԼһߵٹ ˹
ϯ½ һߵĵ̬Щ
֮˵ ҳߣ 겻Ĵϲ£ ׼֮켫ٿ䣬 ףҳɹߣʱλȤԿЯ֮ǰμӡ
˵ֿƽ̣ ˳㹧Ҽ̳켫ƽ֮λ ˣִԺڶȥƽعμ䣬ǳӦͨ ҲֵƾҪѹ˵ˣ ʱ˳һˣ εһ
˶ţӦֻƽɫЩڣ ߵǰ Լ͵Сӣ Ӳǰɣ
ټ Ҳ͵͵˵ ҶˣͳɽʮţҪƽ̣ú𣿿˭ƽ̲һ𣿷ǣҾԲд֪ͨһͺá
ƽɫڵøˡ
˶Ҫƽ̣Ҫѹե
뷴ɷۼֿ죬ֵҪǲҲûϵҾԲǿһĻ֮ˣεһ

ƽ̵ɫӺڵ࣬˼֣ҧӲƽ֮λ뵱ȥӰ㴦Լ֡
ʵƽҲһϾһֱٲ̫˳ۣ˶ƭԼӻҪƽ֮λ֮λҲûʲôˣҲôԸһλ߳ΪƽȻõģλ̫֮ϳţƽһ켫桭ֻǷСôô˳ۡ
պ˿ɫƽȡҲգһ˻ˣ˵켫ϣǺ¡λڼδ̫ĹףȴҲΪһλߣλ֮ٽ֮ͳţٲȱɣ
٣
ϯСҵĹס
ô㲻Ǳλڼģ
ǡ
ǱûΪæǰæ͹

ô㱾켫ڵĹף

סˣҪŵĹ׶޷֮ܣųꡣ
ƽʣȻ
ĬĬţãʮСֻ˵ŲὭ
𣿡
ƽҲŭֻ̹ȻĿⶢѷٿЩëȻ
ϯ룬öʦֶȷʵЩˣעָĿڵСڡ
ƽû˵ˡ
պȻ֡ˡĿãźߵƽ̣ѵ˭Ȼ⣬ס켫ȱѪɣȻƽ̣±Ҫ˼УΪžϹѣĲ˵ΪŶһЩ콾֮һ㣬Ҫǡ
ȻͷƤ飬һ÷Ϊƽ˵ʵ
ҵ׳˱˵飬νֶ̣Ե˻İӲһ»УԳôҲҪء
ƽ˵꣬ص̾˿ͷ֪ˡ
ȻתͷԱߵϵˣִ÷ʱŴһ仰ͺʱҵԼҪʲôȻҲ
켫ƽ̣
˵СȫҶˡ
ɫϲ죬סͷúúãá
ƽ̻֪ЩĻЩųϲǱ޴ľϲһͷˣڱ˵Ҫ䣬ȫ赽ħǰҲв˸͡
һߣʵ̫ϲˡ
Щһ¡
е硣
Χ¶ɻҲûֻͣƽ̵ȱأգڿԽˡ׼һϸûʲôҲΪʳȺһ֮ţɳ룬뿪ѰµפأЩдȻѹڵ磬ҲɱǣŵԺ֮
ʽõģϾɱΥԣӰģƽѵõͷͬľ
ãءڽգСҲ˼¡
ϯ¶޵ЦݣƳ˷һֵۣȻҲְڼģҶĹףԺԼŰ졣
ٻûȫ¶Цݱֱӽϡ
ƽҪĿŵ
ϯԸ̣۱˵ῡףûƽϡ
ģôλˣٶͳ̫ϳϣԺ켫ھٵʱˣ͵ϧɡ
ƽĸдȻߵ͵øȭ
񶼰֮عͷλߡ
ɫ࣬û˸ճʱֲһĹ°Щȡ
λպӭǴݹ١
ԼЩһ֮ͬС
΢Цٹȴüͷôգ˵Щ
ֻֿȻƽ
ѵǰҺܻӭλ֮ҺϤԵǰҲáԺҲգֻʦѣҷõѣұҲӭ켫͡ħ֮ݺϹŵĴڣ۷֮羰ãкִŲһЦ
Щǰ˵Ϊʵ⡢̫һ˵ƽ¶ˣߣվͬһϣŽ֮һһߡ
ٹôãĻɫް纣ɨվһֱվԶŵĽ֮½ϣߣ飿
һ
Ҳʼղֻעӡ
ĩʱǺѣǾ޿ܣʦ콾֮Ұ񣬸֮ҪԸĭڽһҲѣǺա
գ
ٹͻЦһ
Ǻգҽձ㲻վǰֻ֮ЩȴһٹҲܱܳζ˵һշơ
ô֮ˣвҲĳЩ£Թ˵䣬һɨٺͽ֪޷õתʧǰ֮ȥĻħ֮ϵơ
ٹˣӰ첢δʧ
ƽ̾վԱߣ˺һʲô
ˡ
ҲţѾϵͳȷϹˣɵغܣֻڴ˾䣺٣ˡ
Ŷ
ƽ̳˿૵ȻˣҾ˵ôɸˣħ˿ͦôڳݻ
٣
ˣǲǱͷˣɵˡ
л˵
٣
ƽ̣ɵˣȫҶɵˣ
٣ȻɵˣȫҾʦֵ衣
ƽ̣ޣ


223 β
ƽδˣ Ŀ̫֮Űˡ
ĿйؿһۣҲ˵ ֻȻ ֮֮¾ͽˣ켫Ի͵ʱ ɵúúó졣
ƽȻЩ㱣 ֪ǲǻٹǸ֮У ·ڿӵҲûʲôӦ
ϯֱӵĬˣ ȻԱߵʹ˸ɫǲȥţѸ¡
ٹ֮ Ȼλڣ ŵѾʧ˺ܶࡣ
ɫ̫ÿȱƣֱٹвʲôҲû˵ֻƳ˷һۣ ͬƶϵʧ֮ϡ
ħһߣ 켫ϿնʱһƬգ ڵ˶ȥԵÿѡ
ڳֻʣ·ٺʹˡ
꼼ħȥϸһ˿ͰЦ⣬ ·ոպͷٵսǴ ߵϯ
ڣ ֱѵüȴЩŤʦ֡
Ϊ֮ĸ飬 Ҫ֮ǰֱЩ£ ƽ̵Ļ˵ǡӡ׻ô߳ģʦ֣ٺ˼֮顣
һֱû˵սλߡֺٹ˵ЩҲֻվԶţδҲδϣò˶˺ͷϯиǣֳ
ֱ˿̣һ𽥹ƽŴӽ߳
ϯĿ΢ټĺףӣ͵͵ʦ֡
Ա߻㱵ƽ̼ƺһѹһ䣬ָ֮ǰõӡ
Ȼָ֮ǰٹ£еǳ
ϧӲƽ̡
δ𱸣ҲδˣֻǴ΢䣬Цᣬ·һڳ䶨ྡżοȻ
ʦܿ𣿡
ʵǷٳΪ֮ĸܡ
ϯû˿ԥʮصͷģ
Ǳá
ſ˫ۣʦܽҲܿˡ
΢ĩһ·ıп󣬼۷٣ԶҲ޷ΪܹӴ֮һ죬Ҳ΢ĩ֮ࡣóӵĻģûκɫΪٸеˣԵģ˿̿ûôҪˡ
ϯҲ𴽽ǣЩŤ鳲ͶĻԵʦ֣á
Ŀ£ӵһ𣬽񾲵ڶߡ
ǰʦ׷ѰҵĽŲ󻻳׷ѰʦܣһԶʦܣȥκȥĵط
á
ٴʮ졣
ǰȷʵһֱ׷ѰĽŲָΪϣ˵תʦûκξɥȻ͵һģ֪κ˲ǵһֱΪԽĿ켫ӡ
Ҳδĳһ죬Ҳҵߵķ˼ЯͬС
ԺУ񾵼ΪϧԺڵģΨһһɱٹĻᣬлһȫԸŹٹĩʱûܽߣʦߣٹҲߣҲڻԸͬһ𣬿δأڵġ
ĻգҲʵ
ֻٹ֮ľֻϯٹ⣬ֻߵǿ󣬿֪Ҳ߹ǧһԾѡ
ȴû˿ֻƽش𣺡֮һйڱģҵĸҲԸʦѹˣҲڡ
񾵳̾һûͼʲô
뽭ںϣΪıʵЩʱദλӵ뷨ܶ޷
Ҳǽ٣һһˡ
̾Ϣȥκ
ڴͬʱԺϵͳҲϲ𣿡
ϲ
ٵһ׵ͬ˵ҾϲģҶٹûָо
ٹԼ˵ʦѣʶ֣ٹкøУϲǰ顣
ٱһ׶ˣǽὫ
ʦʱܾҲΪǸܻչ˵ˡ
һ̵Ļشġ
ϵͳҲѵ̾ãףҸ
áȻʱףԸպɣ뿪ߣϵͳҲԶԼйһˡ
лл
ٴϲִԲļӸС
֮һ̣ʦ֡ϵͳǿĵġ
̫ĵվԱԹ۵ƽ̡
ûûɿЩͷûУ֮ͥ£֪СӸոջвҪ㡣
ƽһСںõġšظ״
ϯʦֻ̽ͷƳһۣҲСʦָ״ʦ֣ҡ
ľˣ
ƽȭͷˡ
һֱᣬЦſ˰죬Ҳֻǵͷǵͬ˵ʹˣʦܲҪ븸׼ƽϡ
⻰ǡʹˣҪһƽϡ
ʵϷûκθоƽü΢ҧ˵˭ʹˣ
ͷ˵һſΪ˶Ȼġ
ټܻģЦݳЦҲԣնҪ̫ϳˣʦģԺŵӡ
ԱߵĳǼƽȭͷø
ϯȴֳüˡ
ǱزˣԺֻ˵ķݣ˭Ҳ
պԼʵڶ̫ã֪ˣ͸ó˶û֮ǰἸ٣Խͷ֮ޡ
ƽ̱˱ۣؿ£ڿȥŤͷߣͬԱЦݵϵʲôߣСˣȥ䣬еæ
еԹȴͷƽ˵ǡ
ԷٺͽЦЦƽ뿪
֮ŵҲڸʾ뿪Ȼкܶ࿴Ӻദ
ǷžͱӵĴȻûƿߵŻһˣЩпҵû뵽ջѡ񡣡
ٵԸٹܴһԭΪ֮Ϊ̫󣬶Ǹˣٹ߸ãʱǲΥġ
Ѿߣ֮СȴȻѡʦ֡
ڸ鵭ĮĴ˵Щ޷⣬ҲΪǲľ֮飬վ޷ĸ顣
ٿʦֻ֣ɨһۣͼԼʦ֣һʮ۵ӣЩԵõ㵱ȻЩûеµôᶮС֮Ŀ֣˵꼵ѣҲҸ´һ̫꣬ˣ˵𣿡
ƿֻЦӯ档
ҲɣϧϴԼѰϲ֮ˣҲСôȤ
⻰ЩУٹΪ̾迴㲻Ҳ˰ɣҿɸ㣬Һרһġ
һ㶣ʧЦ
ʲôҲûлشЦȻᣬֻ̾һ䣺ϧûϹʱ
˵겻ȷٻشתȥ˻֡
գء
ӰʧǰΪӰ
ֱҲ뿪ٲźɵʦ֣ʲô˼
ƽӴ뿪۵ЩڷٺɵĿУ΢΢һЦʲôҲû˵ֻûʲôǻȥɡ
ϯû룬ЦᣬҲ¶ЦݣȻá
л˵
һľ飬ľͲϸ֦ĩڶŷдˡ
ڼλߵĸߺͺøжȡûϲŮһоڲУҿԴм
˵ĹҲڷ⡣
ȻЩдһħʱķ⣬ŮħʱѡһЩС£ƽзɡ
дŮٹһĽһվһΪҾʵõģźѴϣδãҪһʵҲʧȥֵǣҰײҾúʺŮϾһ·
ްײˣ硣
꼵ɫһֱ̫ÿ硣
ԼڶСܰĽߣ󲿷˶зɣҾд
ˣǷǳԲѵдôĹ¡
һſǿҡ
Ǵˣף֣⣡23˳ġ


224 
ⳡ켫ڵʢ켫ڴȫʤΪĻ Ϊ켫ڳһλߡ
ǰ÷ٵƽ̶δߵһգ죬һ죬 ֮
֮½ϡ
ħȴ 켫ڹ㷢ȺŲμ֮䣬 һΪףߵ Ϊ켫ƽ̼ʽ ٶĽպ̫У 켫ɷƹܣӴŲµʱ
һΣûи˾ܾȨ
ȥ ֮Σ
룬 ۺ켫ǺǻŴŽҪԼҷ١˵Ѫ˵ˣ䣬Ҫ
֮ǰҪսλҲԭ ۼΪʵ ܺ꼻򼸸أ ֪²١
Ǹʲôӣ˲֪˲ѱëӹţ 켫ƽ̣ λ켫ӿˡ
ʵϷٲ˸ŷ ȥħҲ ˡ
뵽Ϣ һŪͬһ
ϯ˵װҹУҲ˲ٿͷŬ߹أⲻŪ½֪ԲŬ
еǰƽڷķذˣðϯԷﲻ켫ڵӣȴûɽΣټʱӹϿգŴСţλʱƽ̵ëõ׼زûԳߵķ緶䣬˵ҲҪŪĶŽӡ
̶̼գƽ̺üŪ
ױֵһЩƽʵڲϯҲ޷ֻȥɽ˼СڳŪͷеĵٻƽ̻塣
÷ʮֲ
Ľѵһµܵʲô⣿ҳ״ǽƽ̹ߵġ
֮˺üŰһ߹Ϊһߵȴ俪ʼ
պ켫ڣڻ졣
ŻȻһ£ɽſڶźʮױ˭ӭһ㣬ƽЦݣվɽſӭ͡ԷٵӭЩƽ̱㲻ˡ
ʮŵһڡ
ƽԭͺħйأЩǣʶ֮ǰǳ粨ֽߣƽ̽ӣһҵ
ƽЯڶ೤ϣзϤλϵӣһʮֱǫ̬˷󣬲е켫ɽſڡ
ɽſڲƽӭͣдԱߣǰһֽʡ
˵⽭պˡ
˶ϲŪⶪ£ӭͱˣôɽſڵǼǸ͵񲻺Ĳýպȥݷá
ϯĻ˵ѾˣȻôôǮرģǮ͵鷳ٿɲʲôŮ
Ǳ˲һĻ
Ȼ켫ڵӣ˲¶ɫ
ƽû¶κɫͬ켫ƽ˵񣬵ãЦߵǰ˵ڣؾһԺѪ֮ϲ
ƽ̺ʹͬʱ¶顣
պѵ˵һ䣺֣ؾڵ֮
ԡ顯ɼؾڵҪ
ƽ̺֮ɫֻȻЦлֹģ֮ͬ£һССؾ㲻ʲôЩհҵȵˣЦɡ
ʵ켫ûʲôԹͷЩ飬ЩҲûʲôٲΪǣɽպû뵽ôĳϣһڱ켫հʵЩһ硣
ȻִڴˣպҲȰЦݸЩƽ̵ͷƣһҪӭֽͣȥˣ롣
ֿ
ƽ΢΢֣ȻЦݺɽš
һԵĴϵǼ꣬ڣؾһ
켫ڷԲʮ˵ҲǷҪġ
Чǳ
֮Ǽڡ
ڱ켫ھͽҲƽЯгǰͬǼƽ߻űü޵ڵļġ
˿̸Ůɫ̫á
ĮдЩ֮ɫע켫ڵķЩģǻӵһ𣬼ƽ΢΢ҧ
źԶľ룬ƽ̵ôģ
һ켫ûôص񣬰֮ͳȥˣʲôûʲôؾѵҪϰţ
Ҫ֪ٴܽߣֹȥ켫
ϧһжˡ
˿˽Ųߵ켫ɽſڡ
ЩӲǿмһ˿Цݣֵ֡
պһƬƽûʲôů⣬ҲûежԹ֮ɫ
ʵͼĵԸú켫ҲԲͼĵʧϾֻǿͷԼûжף˼ĵƫƫѡвŻҪɱۣ۱̣ɽ磬ΪǬɽ硣
˾ʹ
֮ŴΧɱ켫ڣǽĿʼ
ԴѲҪҪ˭õյʤʤȻ켫ڡ
պҲЩӣӼƽ̣ƽЩȻ֣
ɫ΢Ĭãճһ̾Ҵˡ
ɽԴպŲߣֻӶϵĿ̨ףѵƽͣʤΪˡСӲǸƽϵˣڻҪڡ
ƽɫ·һ˲ʮ꣬ȴٴι֣Դмл
΢ͷߵǰ
ڣΣټߵʮ䡢Ʒҩʮ䡢طһ
ȫһȻĶߵȼݡҩҲʮѵãһ˼ڵطЩͿ˼ڴ̡
ܻƽȴֵõġ
ɽˣֻʤ߳ʱעڼڡ
ڴʱƽɫƽֱͦż̤ɽš
ƽɨıӰܿջĿ⡣
ʮ½½ƽ̺ʹɽſӭӣȴûעֻżһ´ϵŶʲô˶ΪæµȴӶںɽĳӱιСڡ
Ȼƽ̲ġ
һ㣬Щ׶ضԽԽСڣ㿴㣬˯˯˳ԣˣ쿪ʼÿ춼ҳȥһʱĳ
Сίصһ
ٱԱЦſС˵ʦ֣ʦ֣СӺСһ¸顣
Цᣬ񾵻һ⣬̴üӳڿлָ˾ӵģ
ָָСڣȥСӣӽ쿪ʼ㸺ѵСڡ
񾵾һ˵ЩʲôͿٵĿɨ̷ɵСǰĳͨ
ģϹʱǶôһϹŵһаû뵽֮ӡôɷǡ
ڹڷٵϸִšԼ뷨ʱٿɲˣһֱܵĵƣ·ŷɥ
񾵱ںϣӲһĵһаˡСӡڻҪ˵ĵѱޣһ˵á
ȴֻʦܡ
ʱ군
ʹغСڹͨʱͻȻɽſڴЩ΢
ħħʹߵ
ɫһ̰࣬㶪ڳϴɾվ
л˵
٣ٷ֮ʮǰҵġ
ƽ̣´ٸҾ͸ա
٣һף㿴˭
ƽ̣
#ɽ#


225 
ϯߵɽſڣ ŷٹδǰֵħʹٹ
ɫӲ˵ľ֮У ʰ վڴϵǰѴŵò塣
ټʮӭȥغֶǰ һֱûң ΪʱٹСܡ
ڲһˣ νʮӶʮ ˮתеشٹļڶԷӲɫЦ ôûһ˰ Ѫ˵ģǶμѪļʽΪĺѣҲ̫ˡ
ÿظһ顮Ѫٹɫ͸һ֣ ɰڷˣ ǴǰǸССߣ ޱȵɫлǼһӲĻ
ˣǲμ˵أϺ񡣡
˵ҧгݡ
Ҳôã ûȷٸȱµˣ ǰѪвʱ ֻ˵˵ѣ ٹҲΪ˵˵ û뵽ߣȻЦţ֮¾Ҳȷٸס㡢ȱµߡ
ֻĵĸ̣ϯȴܿģٹ˵꣬ȻеŶԷļѯʵѽô죬ʲôˣֱӻžͺˣͽѪɣôҶðɣϵ٣Ҳô죬ҿɲá
ٹȻӲһձâڱļӸС
ڷЦӯӯ֮£˺һŵҲעӴ˵ĽֻǲԸˡ
Ҳ˵ٹҲˣڲԸ˲֪˵λ߻Ƿ١
ٻһܣûоʲôرϢȻҲںԴӽ֮ٹĹϵһЩΪվͬһϣ͵͵ɣ޷
ֵܿû⣬ҲУǿǺֵܣߣȥһ

ٹû˵ͱǿżɽߡ
ؼʱ̣ٵһûϺ񡣡
Ŷԣԡ
һĶǣȻЦӯӯʲôˣ
ٹ÷ǳ磬λ߶ûʮŶû룬ʱвԵĲμںͷ񡪡Ҫħڴˣ˲ǰš
ٹɫЩӽӽóһɢ΢С
дֱ۳ƿ̾ɢӨӨٹδһ񽻸ƽ̻ߴϣֱӰеݸ˷١
ϯɨۣûʶоȻĿ⣬˾䣺ʲô
ٹشѾԼ˺ӡ
ϣĶʲôŵرҲһ΢ͳܡ
ʯ̣͸ŵɫβе߲⣬ԻǶżСӣ֮ǰƸ֣忴쳣
ٹ΢ͳܣƽǴ죬βԷΪΣǰǶʯţԿ˴󷨣ǰҪǸܡ
Ǹǣ֮ǰٻٹ
Ϊ⳵ܷ˲˼ϧʱʵߣٹڱչس˯֮Уƽûʵ죬Ҳֺû뵽ߣٹ񾹽⳵ܴˡ
Ȼ֮ǰٹ˵Щ𣬵µĶͬ⳵ܱϹٱ
ӯӯЦȡ⳵ܣעܱ㻯Ϊһ⣬ڿۡá
ʱֻǿźܾ£ó˲ܸо⳵ܵĺΰǰеģ࣬ڿУ֮С
ٹΪħ崴ʼһϲǵȹԻ֮Уƫɬɫķ񣬿ܳȴħķȻͬǺܷϷٵ
ΧˡҲв˱ͻȻ켫ϿյĺΰĿ⣬ϯȴЦ⣬ֻǾ̧ͷӣã̾±Ǩ˷ǣοࣿ
ٹ⣬°ɡ
پĬƬ̣ûоܾã¡
ǰϵΪΪԽĺ⣬ͬΪΪٹѵġ
ϯջ⳵ܣ·Уͬһ֮ѯʵƻָôˣ
֮ǰٹȻǿгأҲǣٺѣôģٹһ䡣
ٹ֮ҪʱˣΪǿܹʲô󰭡
ҲУԺʲôҪģٹõĻ˽ҡ
Ƿٵĳŵ
ٹһۣŵͷá
˵˼˽ĻЦݣߡ
ɵúúúһֵûһȹء
ٹƽȥɫֳָЩɫüͷǿߣߵ˵˾䣺һҪ𣿡
ǶŮħҲŮ֮𣬷Լˣ
ϹŰǲǣϯЦҶʲô
ٹ
ĳĬ÷ٸʲôϯּһ䣺ģʦҲģǸܴȵˣǰ˲赹ˮأ˵ħƢ治̫ã㿴壬ͻݡ΢
ٹֻԼӿ
ͷ˵ʹ࣬һҲ٩ɽҲȾơ
ȻϯӲǿа˽ȥϯ䣬в͵͵´ξȥĹ鷳
ٹձˡ
úðٻûüɽſڴѵ嵽
û˵ʹߡ֣һ֪Ȼ꼱ˡ
ᣬʺͰһϮǳɫѷ·ˣʮֳ˵Ūҹ¹һ峺࣬÷̲סƲƲ졣
ٴλصɽſڣ޴ڵĺ񣬼ٳЦʮױǵ޽µ䡣
ңҾϲϲġ
ϯûһ䣬͵ɶ
Ҳ⣬ֻȡһֻƴС̳ӣ͸ľʯ̳ƺװһЩҺ塣
ҵֲﾫ
ס
ҲҪֵֹġ
ǰֲﾫôˣλɻţȻ߼ֲﾫȷʵϡĶмУǾֵֹġ
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˵ϵĶ
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ʲô
֣֮ҵİɡ꼿ϵĶЦУ̺һЩʱֻһ
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˹ϸһۣȻûʲôȻ꼲ƭϯ̫ˣ
Ȼ˳ϵС̳ӣõǼĴɫЩܡ
ϰ߷ٵıغһ˵˵ЦЦȥ
;Уλһ䣺ٹû
ˣ㡣
ٴʮѸ٣ŵֹôôҶϹʱǲǰޡ
ɫ΢٣̾ծѳҿɱȲĳЩˣպҲ֪ܲܰѳֵס
ʲô˼ּ˼Ǩ𣿡ϯһ֪ڰԼǺܿ⣺Һʦ÷С޲£õúܡ
ţУʦֵλȷʵٹһЩ
ɷپ;ڰʾʲôĺܡ
Уôϲٹ£㰲ٹԱߡ
ٲԣϯ֮Ŵߵٹϯϣѹһ䣺ǧǰ¡
ôأ
ôҵĴӣɽͷ˶ˣǶߣҪ֪ΪҲҪ𣿡
⻰˵ЩóϯȻҪȷʵǸҪӵˡ
ð
꼴Ӧʮˬ죬ڼ϶ͬԱЩӲٹкѪ񽫡
ٹһͣ˸ˡ
Ƿټ״ЦֻǲǺңһ
ٹýֱĿбӣ·һʧȥľżԱ˫񲻻ע޷֮ܵ
ʶ٣ӻܵùˡ
л˵
٣꼹Ժֺһ£㿪
ٹ
#꼣ϯѺ#
#ϱһ˲ʶ#


226 ȥļ俪ʼ
ĥ˰һ ҲˣֻǳٵϣΪɼʹ߹ ٹһ û뵽λԸˡ
ĹϵʵڳƲ϶ãʱʱ λԲμļ䣬 ÷ٶ˼֮ܳС
˲ϡĥ 꼴˾к پֻص켫ɽſڣɫЩ䵭
ѰʱЩ·μ䣬 Ѱһ㡣
һ֮ǰţ Ȼӭȥ
磬ӭӭҪ
ɨЦݣɫȻôУֻ˾䣺ħˣ
ǣ 꼸ˣ ˵е㲻㣬 ðˡ
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һӣ Աߵ켫ƽ̺ʹ
һ͸ı飬 ߵ㲻ü廹ûôСۣħʲô꣬ʲôö͸㣿
ǣȻȲ壬οϹʱҲǴ塣
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ƫͳһס
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ɫԺһЩȻЩ䵭һ䣺ħ͵ʲô
꼸һЩ߾һİ֣֮Ҳ֪ʲô˵ͦģðһܣ֮ǰһֱҪģǣβԷΪΣڡ
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˵ٹЩ̾Ϣ꼵ͦģǶȻڿ޶ë
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ԾĬЩɫж̷ȡ
һ£ŵ
ǿرҪ͸һ壿
ɫܾʣһ̿һЦӯӯʲô
ûлش𣬵ߵĿⷢĴ֮ʹ֮ǡǴǰ졣
ǺöЦݸˣ˴֣һ˼ģ
ѽǴǰСܵˣ㺣
ȴûʲô飬ֻĮڣòˣ͸㣬ͳϰ꣬ħ壬һܻҪƽա
ǣͳθҲû⡣
˵⻰ȫû˵˵ѡ
䵭ɫУؽӭ˽ȥ˳˸޶ë
ʮִ󷽣ʮ͵񶼸ƽ̴ֻλ
żϵвûٹԱߣǰһߡ
ϯ˲ˣΪλڴˣûʲô˵ʮֳ
ʮǰҲϵˣٿϯ֮ǰٻٺһЩ塣
һͬͨӺɽعȻɫţƺѾ֮ǰĴ˳ϾҪûгɾߣһǿߣ縺Ρ
ٶһͬʣûΪǣֻǼ棬ЩĦ;
Щ켫ַʮŵ˸ǶԴ˲첻ѡ
һֱȵҪ˲඼ˣٲŴϯߵٰϯĹ㳡롣
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Ŀ֮УóĽ妺Ŀ⿴Ҳϯ䡢ɫǳƽ̴ˡ
ݵҪллҵ࣬ҡĥҡֽŻҵϡ
вɫ졣
˲֪лв֪켫ƽ̴ǰӷΪжһֱ֮죬Ƿٺͽһû취ȷɱģ档
ڷٿȴˡĥ
λ½ߴҲû켫ƽ̡
ٲǣȻΪݵؿƽ̣ٴøֿĸףȻֻٶ꣬һΪ켫ھϹѣʹӲڣ̫ϳУڿͣϢһ£Ҳʱƽ̷ˡ
͵ˡ
պɫѿغܣ̲ס˵Щеûġ
ЩԼ
ϯԭٱһԼأߴ٣ֻδؽ⣬̵Ҽ켫ƽ֮λˣεһ˭
һƬž
˭Ҳ
ϯͷãǾ
Ȼֿƽ̡
պüͷ΢޹˵ˣְɡ
һЩ£˵ĽƶϯλԼԸڵĴ
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˶ֻλã̫ϳ˻Ҫعͷ񣬼ֱд
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û˵ƽ̱һ˹
ϯݵһҲðߣ߶Һʦֻأʮŵƽ̽նʲôֱӺвԸұãֱӴ
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Һʦֵ޽֮ԼӽǾǷˣԺĳЩ˲Ҫ˵һģлл
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ĳЩˡȻָĳλߡ
꼶ϯ䣬Ц
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ʦ֡
Щȴûʲôŭֻﺬŵıˡ
Ķ£Ҳ£׺ɣҲزȥˣҸþͽʦһ
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˵ڳ֮ӵļľһͷٶйһЩţλʦߵһ
йԺãô˵ֿϤĿǸޱȣŷԼһ¡
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ɤӣ鰴һ£ŵģʵмҪһ¡
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һҲвϤ׳ǰ
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ýպ嶼˰ߡ
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вֽĿ⿴λߡ
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˵ɨա
Цҿûеڶˡ
޷
һӣʮִ꼸Ժͣ켫ˡ
⻰˵ƽˣȴڿʱͻȻֹס
֪Լòÿġ
Ǹ˵˼䣬΢ɨ֪˼޷ԵǿĿ⣬ŤͷһĿԼСܣһԻš
ţ顣
·ȥļֿʼԼԭ٩٩̸ͻȻֳһ˿΢ɼΡ
ҲͰˣˣȻλʦòɵҲûٽһͽΪ
ѸǸƳһۣȻջĿ⣬װԼû
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л˵
飺ƽҵòеŮĹʲô£Ҫǵ
Բ۾Ȼе
ϵͳ
#ӣ+1+1+1+1+1#
ħʱʱδϯ֮ҲĽ֮
Ҷˣ˵ϯԽǰħʢʱδߴԽݣٶȺ͸۷߽Լ޶ëǿԼ
һóͷٹ˵ʵδ㰵ң㿴͵ģ֮ɣ
ó˵ʵδ㰵ң㿴͵ģ֮ɣ
óֶ֮꼸˵ʵδ㰵ң㿴͵ģ֮ɣ
ģóǻ¶˵ʵδ㰵Ŷе°ʦãʵδĹŵӡ
塭
ħʱԳɾ͡
ǣ


227 ɳ
ʦ֡
ûзŭûбˣ ûʣƽȣø𷴶Щ֪ôӦԡ
ǿ˼ ԱߵĻƽѩ΢ Ц˵ҲǺѣõ ֪ɷָָ㣿Ҳȫ˵ꡣ
ѩǵ˼ɡ
ʲôŮޣ ֻ֪켫ڳһλߣ ŴŽΪ˸˾޴ۣ մЩ߹ԣҲֵˡ
˵ףߵҲǽպĶӣ ǽ
δû뷨 ϾԪƾãһʱһʱڷٺͽŨ⣬δ˭˵أֻȷӦˡ
ѩ֮ɫȡԵͥƽҲҲѣ Ѱ֮ ˡ
ʱʹϵľ͵ʹϵ Ҫֵ֮òÿָҲῪڡ
ûôشƽѾЩŭɫ̫֣ 켫ڣ 𣿡
ʲôֺ˵ʲô֮ һ꣬ Ӳǵ֮ˣ ߣ糣ѵģ
ѩЦݣ˵껹ͷ
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ƽ̶ʱĿƳк˲ԹøЩ񺮡
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ⷽ⡣
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һ㲻ģʵ۲̫༱
ʦҲûʲôѩͥƽ̣Ȼԣʦáʦܶҵѣʲôʱ켫ҶУ֮䲻þ񡣡
ߡ
ƽغһɴϯ¡
ģ۽ԩͲս
ôһ֮ƽ˼ҲвƽҲͼλ콾ѧŮ޲ޣŶС
ŵø𵱻Ͽڣ˱ˣϾѽߣʱ䲻ֻ࣬λɡ
ҪŶЩ˹Ҳ÷ʱ̫˲ʲô¡
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ǹʦʼָ֮ܿѰȻóϷĿ⿴
һۣͷͬ꼵ʦܶǾ֮飬֮ǰ㲻ǿĪʦܡϲ˰ɣڲˣܿͻ߳ġ
𣿡
Ц⡣
ЦаЩ飬˼֣ˣ춢ҵ£һûµģʲôи飿˼Ǿ֪֪УҪ˽۱˵ĸ⣬ûò
ЦֻЦӺ㡣
ûëɴĿ⣬ʵʵؽߣͬʦֵʦ֣ʦǾңûб˼
⻰ֿ͵ĸоرڽûʵ¡
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ţҾ֪ˡ
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ϲʦ֡ʦ㣬ϲʦ㡣
ͬϲͬϲ
Ȼٱؾ
ͥ΢ƺ˵Щʲôɲ֪Ϊʲôٵͷ˻ȥֻǳĬؾ˾ƣȻ˵񣬵ͷת뿪
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ûüϸ⣬ǰĪֵʦ㡣
š
Ŀתϡ
Ī΢΢ͷĿ⿴
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Ϊʲô
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Ժ󻹿Ըʦ𣿡
Ȼ
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ԥĿ϶ĪɫɻһЩҲֻעŸ𣬶ΪһһӸʦ㡣
ǵҲأպҪύ¡
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ʦҲϲʦ㡣

̲סֱ壬ĬĬƳԱЦһº͵꼣ѹĪʦܣҪ˵
ûѡ
Īʮƽͳʦʦһգʦֺҽ̸һϣ֮󣬳ʦֱ㿪ʼûûҹ
û˵ּ֪ʦߵ̫ԶҲڷ֮ˣϲʦ˺ֹǧ٣ֻǶ罭ʦˣܵõʦҲδ١ʦǰҶ࿴磬ʦԸֻĳģԸ棬Ϊʦ㰰ǰ㡣
Īǰ˵仰죬˵ЧһҲ治ɫɼ֮𣬸һǶгɳοһֲ֪λش𣬺ĪʦûΪѣ˵Щ˵񣬺ͳʦһ뿪ûٴš
ʼգûп
˵Щʲôֱ뿪Ҳû˵һ仰ֻڸǰ˿ȣԽЩǡͦģ
ʮָմϣδЩ⣬Ҳһֱûгֻͬ䴽ǣ޷ʦͺá
л˵
#İײ˾͸֪ץסص#
#Сֵһ#
#ֻҪϯСģɫ#
#ƽ̣У䣬ҾͲóڻ#


228 ź
û̫ Ҳûʲôŭ⣬񷽲ֻǻһҳ
ɸܾĪ࣬ʲôû˵ ȴ·ʲô˵ˡ
΢΢˦ЩĪ뷨 һ䣺Ȼˡˣ һ Сȥ䣿С̽· Сأ óҿ
΢һƴСĹͭڸǰ
ϯһסߣҪ񾵼ǼеԸΪ㰰ǰ Ϊţ ң
񾵴ϹûôŹ
ѰҲֻ˵˵ʲôɸһӡ
֮ǰ˵Ҫ룬Լĳǰ·ơ
ٹǸɱǧĺö˶˾Ȼ ⲻǺȻٹв֮ ɺ޽֮ǰȻûаסΨһһεĻᡣ
һ߾һ߰ ȴΪںϵԵ޷ѣֻܲġ
˲ٹעͲĿ⡣
üͷ΢壬ͷһۡ
㳳ʲô
Ҳ 
ѹ ˿ŭ֮٣ Ϊı˽ž
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ӻûڣһֱԱ˵ĴͻȻ˹Цºͣҿ԰ָ澵ӣΣ
Ҫ
ŵУ׼ǵøϲֻѹʹóϷԵ˼ҡ
ҲԻ񾵱壬û⣬ʶɻԵĴ
Ƴ۴չԴ꼣ûҺʦ˵Щ强ֹʲô
֪ΪʲôԱߣܾߺ˸ʮʱͣЪġͷ
ѵλߣлϲŶ֡
񾵾ˡ
ϹʱڽӴò࣬˿̲֪ô
֣֣
ʮɽҲ٣ҪֻҪ
ü΢Ӧһ䣬Żعͷžӡ
ܱ仯𣿡
񾵲˵һѸٸĿڣԣҿԣ
㲻ҲҪѧÿԣν黢ڸλɲһļѡ
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õģҪңֻԸһɡ
񾵴ûô΢û취ǽȴöԸƴӡ
Σݻ񾵴ĹâƮһߣĬĬ֪ǲѧϰ仯֮ûлصʶ
ҲںҲûֻƯºͣݸͬ
λ߶񣬸ǸõŰݷãһһлǡ
˵ȷʵӦõòƳһۣܾ˾ٻиĺ壬ֻ峺֮ǰͬ·һ۱ףԿ̽ˡ
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