ʦˬľ籾
ߣʲ
飺һ̫ިصǰ֮ɫ𣬴ʱֻǾڵϿ䵭Ϊ΢Ĵʦ㡣
ǰ»ҲǸδ¶꣬δ
δҲֻ;ѵɢޣƭȥһǣ
ѪȵĹŮδ䣻
̫ިԼҲһɱˮϣתΪѾɥ
ȿ̫ިⱲӸˬľ籾̨ϣԽװܵУڵ޲̾
ƺУֻ̧ɣʮؽƣȳڵعʿ
¶¥ϣΪնɱʿսذһ
޸ĵеӶ򣬶ָ꽣Ҳ
ڲú̫ިδаǿбס˴ȣΪ֮صı߳ΪĴܣΪ¡
㸲̤֮ˮУ㡣
ʱ˲֪ԭһͳӺյ𣬾ǵ걻ڳλʦ㡣
ݱǩ   
ؼ֣ǣ̫ި  ǣ  
һ仰飺󣬴ʦˬľ籾
⣺Ĵϣӭ
VIPǿƽ£
һ̫ިصǰ֮ɫ𣬴ʱֻǾڵϿ䵭Ĵʦ㡣ػһֲǰźСɽ֮ٱ򣬳ɾ֮λ㸲̤֮ˮУ㣬ھ֮ϣƷڶأ߼Ůɳ̵졣


1 
㸲գ˰һѩ
𷢱򣬲̶¼䣬ȺݣΨΪݵһɵľڻ¡
ԾΪģŴ컷ƣ໥ƾش˵صĸʿѲ飬νɭ
һƬҰ֮ɫưһŽҪԶɫĺˮӿƾɸߵľˣǧ̤ˮƺƵ
龰˶η塣ڣоڵĽ໤ǧΧ֮³Źգ
¥֮ϣӵǰһ£ͷɫɵĺס
ݫiͷɫ½ڸߴ죬˿̣ɴżֳ
Ȼһ˲ѭȥֻųƺⴹµıɴס˳ŮӵòһʱС
𡭡ݫiһͺûп峵˵òкԦѾ㹻˲³ݡ
ڳ֮ʱ·䶸ʯȻԺϵޣɷˡ
ʯ֮ϣȻİŮӡ
ݫiڿյһ̣ͫ΢зХŴ̲סճȭֲؽС
ݼʶ֮ԥؿֹ
ڶͬĿ£ݫiϲ¶˿ɫؽеָȴѾΪȶЩסʯϵˣһãһֿ
̫ި֮һݫiҪ˹ʯģ
£ɴ֮£ű䰵âǧ빪Ϊߵͣǰ¶̬֮
̫ި
ݫiңңȥиԡ
ûǻټ
뵽ټ֮ʱ档
̫ިڳУȴֻһƬĮȻ΢΢ָ̧ʯУں޷֮Ůϡƺһȴҧزʹ
ѪȾȹ׹УöԴ
Ǽɵ̫ިڣѿƲסдѣΪ׵˺ҧʳ
в֪ʱƮѩѩ׷£ںС
һĻݫi侲Գ֣ҲƲסǰһ
ҪˣôĿܴ˿޶ԡ
аʯݫi֮ˣǽҪЮڻƣ˭֪ݫiѡ
һʧ˽ƱЩǰһ׸
ʿ̫ިĶ֣㲻ڽڰˡ˱ܾڵǧʿ⣬Ȼ˳
̫ިΪݼв𣿣֮ˣΪһ֮˽ͬǰһϵ
ⷬһڣȴǽݫi߸߼
ݫiתͷؿһ۽˵ùûʵˣվû˵ʲôĿϣ˫ѿ
νУȴòȻαӣ̫ި˹ǣһʲô¶ȵ΢Ц
Ҫ뾵ڣֶΡڷѩУ˾ͬı䣬ձˣھ꣬Ϊݼһݺ񡣡
Ȼϼʶ
仰ڵʿһĿⲻݫi̫ި֮Ѳż־ɲ
ݼôʶʲôϵ
̫ިȴΪǽһƬİУٴοڣŷǹƣѳһ˵
㸲ܸҲмźȫ˲ݵһŵڲǡ̫ި̧дżġչʵΣҲʱɱ䣬ݼУһΪѳɡ
£ݫiԭأһ˲հס
ɫڸӣԭݼ֮䣬оɳ
þò̫ިЦһݼѡ籾ͽ˶͸Ѫʳɺã
£ΧԾ㶼˷ֺõڶβ͡ЩԷлΪ̫ިǰȴʮѱ
ѩХ䣬ѩµˣ˳źθ˳
Զɫɽ۸˰ѩѩӳϱ߻ްɫ
ݫiʯϵŮޣĿ֮ʱҲֻһƬ
ãĿ̫ިѩüޣ˫в˿¶ȡ
ƽ̩ɽǰҲ治ɫϼʱŭiԸһеǣˡ
̫ި仰Цһȴǲ֪ݼԭе
ֱĿݫiϡ
ˣݼԷΪг̫ިȥЦ⣬ԳǱˣ
ݫiӦԵȻݼɰ
ݫiΪ֮ˣΪףݫiԷΪǱûпֵܵס
ݼ̫ިĹƣ壡
ԴΪأҪçײ
һʿΧסݫiȰһʱǱݫiԼİΣ
¥ϻӣ̫ި˼ȴЩ룬̧ͷѩ֮
ǿΪԭǽ̸Լĵ
ֻӦûԼһգҲΪߡ
ѩϢθһ̣ǰ鿪Ϊ޾ĺڰ
ưö£Ůڵ⣬ʪ͸ȾѪˮˢ½ȥۼͷ˫Ŀա
ֻ֮һƬ֪˶ãŮ΢΢˶
̫ި̧ͷУ˫۱Ŀ⴩Ļǰµϡ
̧֣ذϸúһ۾Ͷϣеݽߡ
壬ֻصΪ
ǰһ̣幬֮УĿСƬ̣ۣ龳
µ
ƽӣµ
̤ƽ֮ϾҲûʲôˡ
پһգ̫ިҲδ뾵ڣڣȻھĵµǰ
ѷڼǰһУһþ
ŲУ̫ިϷһغȻ˷ꡣŮɡͣߣˮɫȹǱˮ䦳ɫۼ
ʦ㣬˷Сʦ˱Ͳù㣬ʵڲ㡭Ůڵע⵽̫ިϲѪ΢΢һ
ʦҲˣŮʧ룬˶ڵµеȴû˷ִʦԭҲˡԼϢ̸µҲȫΪ˵ʦ
ʦ㣬ҲˣȻȥɡŮ򴽣ٴȰ
̫ި̧ͷʱһ̻ݣǰŮеغһ
ã̫ިڻڣгŮ֣𽡣
Щ㶣ʦ䲻׽ǻԼ𽣬䵭ֱ
ϳ֮ʱ̫ިҲڴЩѾļз˵¡
߰ǰڣµ
߰ǰ֮ɫһΪ΢ľڵӡʱľڣҲǲݵһɡ
ƽӣ̫ިΪףġ
һ̫꣬ިʮ꣬Ϊͣأٳ޷ͻƣвͱС״ӶѾɹȻΪ£ƽͽڵӻҪһʦ㡣
̫ިµ⣬Ϊ
ΪԼûչ˺Сʦǰƺ
ûչ˺
Ļ֮УϴŲݴɫ
Сʦʦ۰ĵӣ˷ˣʦŭʱڳĵ˵ʦ㷢˺ôĻ
Ϊ׽Ҳô²̫ިĴʦŭʵ
ʦǰƺ֮²֪κˣʦҲڽ󷨱ŷ£ʱȥȡʦȻΪ㣬дƽ˽󷨡
Σʦ֮ҲùڴʦϡӲʦ²̫ͬʦΪҲֻ̾Ϣһ
̫ިٴοڵʦ㣬ʦ֮ǰӦֻһʱ鼱Ż㣬㻹ȻȥϢɡ
СʦˣʦʱڵΪˣʦֻһʱҲϾ˼ġ
ʦϻˣһֱ֮һ
̫ިûĻͷԼ԰׵ģ
ΪʲôҪ
ŶԼʦãиʦС
ǰǾãԼϴ౨иȴǺЦ
ͲǷݼʲôˡ
̫ިվʪĳں󱳣ԳǱ
𽲻ɱĶһʦ㡭
ˮֽɡԵ䣬ּܵشڵ档


2 
̫ި֮Щʱ΢۽ޣĮȻؿΪԼɡŮ䵭˵ò
ɴ۾漴ź֪Լղ˵ʲô
ʦǿԼȰˣ
̧ͷ̫ިĿ⣬˫ƽýĮȻ
У̫ިתĻסꡣ
ˣԭ׷ȥʹͣס˽Ų
ŮԵЩѪɫ׹ڽűߣһĻʧվԭأþδ
ɡֻ̧ۣ֮࣬ڶ
֮УԶ¥ԵЩʡ
߰ǰľڡ
߰ǰ
һΣҲˡ
̫ިۣʶȥ֪֮УˮµٶȽ
תˮһ̻ܣֹ
֪˶ãۣˮܽ䣬ˮˣ£һȻ죬ںһȦһȦ
ŵУŮƾһԶѭȥҰ׵£ֻˮ죬Яɵ֮ƶ䡣
ô꣬ʦʦе
ƵģػΪڽ֮ϵʦֻʦ㡣
Уȥ
ջ֣̫ިУɫԽĳ
ĻþҲܸıµĺۼαط
ⲻǻþ
Ļص߰ǰ
̫ި̧ͷˮ֮й䣬̲סһĨԴ̵Ц⡣
ǰҲ֮˵ֻǴδҲᷢϡ
ƽ߰꣬ǲ̫ިԣȴһΪˮ
ԭӵ񿰳磬ɽг˼ϡٵƷʯҲ̫ިеģǡ
һЦ
ͣʱĺɫ
̫ިڶˣԼھڵľӴ̧ǰ
ǾŴڣ˴ɼ֮ͬƽһ֮
̫ިʦǾƽ̣ΪĴӣȻҲʸھϡ
Ŷ룬ֻľȣΨԺǽ߿ʢһǽΪԺЩɫ֮ѹû֦׹µɫΡ
ҹɫûеƣɫӴ䣬̫ިѾһ£īɫɢϲ԰׵üһ˿Ѫɫ
ڰǰָ⸧ңɫް

ϿУ̫ި̧ͷ⣬ֻ繳֮ϣһǰһ
ʱۣΨɡ
ڴʱеһ̣Ծս֣ȴδʹֳκɫ
ֱ̼̫ިŽָۣɫǼǵò֮ʱ۲δֹ״
ʹʧ̫죬ûκκۼʶ̽Ҳδκ
Ӱӳں棬ԶüȺɽӰӰ´µзԺȹǡ
ͥɫˮŮУɽоȣҪȥ
Զƻͨ¥̫ިīɫȫȻı
ãֱ̧Ժȥ
ҹɫеľǰżɳɳ
ǰֻкӰɫϡܱǼΡ
ʦ֣ôĺ𣿡ڰУžڵӷڣʦϾƽ˵ĵӣ׷ֻǶᱻ𷣡
Ըͷһܵͷʦ֣ǻǻȥɣ
һۣʲô׷Ҳбүšҵķݶϣƽ̲ôġ
ǲϪɣԼϪһңĸǵԼҼΪԼӣܵгƫö֮ɸ޷顣
ԼҼÿÿҪ֮ܽʱԼ簮ĸ˺ȣ˼Լ뾵н飬Խ̡ܽ
¿Чʮһ㡣
󷨣߶±㲻κκۼ
ˣ϶ʱԳ֮ɫԼ޷죬һܽλʦÿ
̫ިĲǰֵ֮ʱײ˾ںȾƶĶ
ϽĲڵӸֵ֮ʱơ
±̫ިִ֪ãŹ棬뵱ҹֵصĵӱµ
ںµʯҩŹһ±ȫͨԾ澡ʧ
ҷҪһѵ߷ߵûôС¶ҲҪȥãҲСү˭ѵΪԼʲô˲ˣ
ȷûʲô˲𡣡̫ިƽؽ»
ľţԭǸҰ׵ӣǼ̳ƽ֮λҲ⡣Եʣ̫ިơ
ʱ̫ިĸмΪʦΣɹҵҵش֮𣬶ڵС
ھڵУλʦΪ΢Ͽ䵭ʵᷳ
ûżëӦ
ֻǻ˵ڣȻЩԡ
̧ͷֻԼǰһһֵǾ֮ɫ
󡭡ʦ㣡Ͱ͵ؿڣֵܵİԼ˲أȫûǹԼΡ
ôˣʦôҪǣո£ȫ˰ɣɪɪ
ڿһʱѾ˲ԤС
ôùɡ
عͷ̫ި䵭Ŀ⡣
ʵû뵽Լôѵøһػ£Ȼץ˸ţ̫ˣ
⻹ͷһⱻ׽ŪץУʱԭأ˶
̫ިһķ׭ӦƿΪֻأҪƽͽ׵ķ׭׾١
ٸ󡣡һƣϲδֳŭ
˰꣬ڼѾ࣬ǲΪ˱Ҫ
ƣΪεغڱȳơոʱ˼˲Լͬתûȥ
̫ި̧˱Ӱ΢΢ü
Ҽâҹɫ˲Ϣ׷·ˡָһұ㽫һŵק˻
ֻһתˤԭء
ͷŽԼסңת˭֪ȴյøˡ
ֻͨ˿ʲôôѲ
صΪֻܱصĴʦסǣ˼⣬⣬̫ިѾߵǰ
ڲ˽ٹСҲˣǰϻϷ嵹ǳʵ
϶֮ɫʦǲˣ׸ǰ
ԱߵֵΪߵʦ֣ô˵ᱻġ
û˵ʲôײײļ򣺡ʦ֣ǻϸɡ
һûϢֵܣôϴҪӵ
šʦ㲻ôİɣ


3 
мϤӸµؿ̫ިвκθ顣ԺиӰһӹ໭棬һʱȴЩС
պ㸲֮ʱеʿ֮һɡ
̫ިüޣ롣
Ŀ£֪Ϊһֱ޶ϵëȻ֮С
Ӳؿ̫ި
ٸ󲼵òã̫ި쿪ڣƽ
صΪܹ˳¶׵ٸȷѵá
仰̲סͦͦţ¶֮ɫǵȻСүţ
Ȼˣ㲻˷Ѳǡ̫ިƫͷЦЦؿ
ϵĵʱˡ
Уɵһ漴ȥʱµȻ𣬴߻Ϯˡ
̶̼֮䣬ֵֵܱ㱻ʵʵϵһš
̫ި򱻹ϵˣָ̧֣΢ֻͷһᣬһײꡣ
һʱײֻͷۻ
̫ި𴽽ǣֳһ㼫Ц⡣
˶ֻ׷ŹǣҲ¡
һ۵󷨣̫ިתָĶơ
תæߺʦ㣬߰
ȰǷҲ١
ϧ̫ިѾǣ̫ިԶֻɥصͷ
˲󼺣ͼתȻֲµ󷨣Ȼܹƽ⡣
ԣ·ȴԾ
ôܣ
ֱľֻͷܶͽ䣬ҪֽŶãһܽЩյøɸɾ
ʱѹ֦ʵʦ֣ΪǱȴʦΪʲôոջᱻץ
Ǻһʱ죡
ûֻǲСİˣصΪôصĴʦ㡣
ֵҲˣٸȴʼ
ڸô죿

ˣӦþͻǡػش
ڲʱɥǲҪﵹһҹɡ

֮ʱѰ̫ިһۿģǵϵù
ҲĴҲ˯ֱˮ
ϳֻӵ۵ײЦ⡣
ʱ򣬴죬˯˶ӣ˸磬ת
ʦ㣿𽣬ֱ˾ǣȦһϲ
ԱһһֵҲ˹ֽţ˶һζ
ͷɨһ۵ϵƣʱΪʲôᱻϣٸ󣿡
δ澵ƽϰɣռ߲һҲԡ
ͷǰʦ㣬콫ƿɡ
ȴŶֿʵ˴Ϊλٸ󣿡
ҡɿգգۣصҹѧ󷨣һԣ˭뵽Լסˡ
ܴҲܱ׽Ūʦ㲻ɱɱҪõöࡣ
ֻҪǴϣҹȻ֣ҲûдκһŹ档
ü֪ǲţҹڴʦԺⲼ󣿡
رۡ
翹ЦЦȻ˵ʵǾ϶һ͵Ӻˡ
תӵˣҪˣʲôʱܱ
̫ިסƫƧҹڣҲֻѡ
ûýڣʲôǲǼǺ޴ʦϻץסֵغȾƵ£ٸ׽Ū
ǰֵʱƶĶ֮¿ִñͨȫڣڵΪ䣬ڼ˲֪£𽵱ȻҲ˵ˡ
ûУصصж죬˾ж顣
΢գΣǾȡ
ֻǡˣǱʦ㷢ˣŻʳ
ְ֣صΪȻǴʦĶ֣ϡ
ʦ㣬֪ˣȰǷɡ꿪ڴ˼ֺõЦš
˱һҹӦҲܵ㹻ĽѵҲӲ
ֻӳһٸ𲻶ȴǲδһƿ
вɫ䲻ʮ꣬Ϊٸ󲻹Ƕ󷨣ҲֻصΪ˵µǵƿٸǡ
ѧ󷨣ֻԣ룬ȻҲûܷǰƵ촦ˣֻΪԼΪޣ漴ۣȫһ
Ϣ֮ס˵ٻ˻ȥ
ջ֣Ҳٶ˵ʲôֱԺȥʦµǰãˣ֪Σ
Ƽأãµһҹֱϸȥ˿
վµ⣬𽲻չȥ̫ިȡҩ̽
ڵϣˤ˸Ͷء޵ĵһңǱ
⿴ƽٸɫƣòײµ󷨣Լϡ
Ƭ̺һ
ڶ࣬ͬڲͬʿóвͬЧַҲͬ
ٸĶ󷨣괫УΪʿͬϿɵơ
ԼֲµٸоȻĶˡԼƣ·Ȼÿ˿֮ã֮нΪʦʦ㻭ƣҲδˡ
ǴʦĶģ
ҹԼԵľ
ֲһֱƽⲻԼµ󷨣ص˵߷
ٸ޸֮ǰ
ƣ̲סϸо
ֻҪССĶȻٸֲøոΪʦһûƿ󷨡
һֹİοУһƽҲʲôֵ̫¶ˡ
Ϊ˿޸ĵƣɴſ.ɽȡһöӰʯСĽ޸ĺӡ
ʦ֣ڸﰡضԱߣʦڵƣȥʵڲôŹ۰ⲻ㻭ٸ𣿡
һͷ֪ʲô
ʱص첽Ժ߳ˣʵʦأ
عͷȻػص˰
㿴ˣ
ʵ⻰ʵڶ࣬ȻΪʲôᱻϵģ
ҲʶԼʵʵڶ࣬յöͷʵǿɿʦδȥˣ
ָָüǳķ
أûٺ˵ʲôתµȥ
ȹƳĵƣǺǴ


4 
΢һµϣҸסͷƥ͵˻Ҫգ·ǰ
ɵķԺ澭Уӹƶˣ׷ĽŲͣϣࡣ
һһǰֻ㲻ĵظԣǻȥ
񶯵̫ˣÿң¶һ˫üɳۡ
̫ި̧׽סɫīɫһװȴΥͣ˾һִĪС
סĳʶ̽Ƭ֪Լλʦǲѯȥġ
ϾԼδȥѵá̫ި𴽣Цżּ

һ漴ֽ͹
֮ʵûʲô˵Ļˡ
̫ިԣЩνʦͽ֣ڶǰĥ
*
ǲһ֮أȥֻѼɫ
˵֮Ե֣굤֦ҶΪɫƣֿݱµĲáɫɢƬҶÿ̤ϣᷢɳɳ졣
½ΪٱӶ֮УҲϸܺˮ
һ߳ڵ棬鲼ɫƣƬںڣٶԽԽ졣
½ƿʵڲԼôùȻһΪĺϲšصΪԲĶ֣˵Ȼֻķݶ
Բϲ뿪ԼĳѨ̫Զ½ƿΪֻҪԼӵüʱӦԼ׷ᡣ
ϧʵڲãƶᣬ׷ʮԶ
ѵǶˣԺðͷ½ƿ·ǰһõɽȡԭȥ
㿪ڵϡڵ滮½ƿµľٶ׼ŭȻҧ꣬ű亮â
һ˲䣬½ƿоһնһҧȥϣĿһֱ䡣
½ƿٴδ߶ʣǰȥ
ԶһõϣµŮؿϣչ͸֦Ҷ©¹Ӱɫǳʹ۽ȥ˳Ǻ
ǾҺУ̫ިžƺ«ĮȻΡһҲԸˣҲҹ뵤УǻˣΪѪʳ
β˦ߵ֮䲻һ֮ңס½ƿ£սԱϲɱ
ϣ̫ިʼֻһƬĮȻȫȻûг־˵Ĵ㡣
·սɫǺ죬Ҫţڳɹ߶һȡ齣
ֱߴ£˻һòſ½ƿ¡
̫ިۺȻǰƵ̡
ָ̧֣ӹ£΢䡣
ⳡĪƺ˱ĺۼ
½ƿˤڵϣɤӿԼڴֽµؿ
ҷҶƮ䣬һһ߶Ŷսš
½ƿŽźһȡɽеĴͷҪת߶׭֮ʱһֱͫһϸߣƬβ˹
½ƿֻǰһڣִľʹдͷѾ˳ȥ
ɫķ׭˺½ƿ²һŨŨ⡣
һ̼ʱ߶ͷͲվ
븸֪Լչǰֵ£ûڵһʱϡŷ׭Ĵ͵½ƿ¸׵Ķڡ
ָ½ƿһʵ벻Լʲôİ취Ϊ֮ƣֻһˡ
̧֣齣лһƯĽ
½ƿ³֮ʱ̫ިֻ۴̸
ŤΣȥɫΪһƬڰסӰúһƺָֻУȻһɫӰ
н任ӰҲʼóȫͬʽ
ʲô
̫ިü֪һ̣ԼͫѾһƬԱ֮ɫ
βɨն㿪һ
صʿΪĺǰǲֵκκô
½ƿõĽм־֮ڸ߳ԼСĺ³Ź̡
ԽΣ̫ިȴԾ޶ԡĿֻƵһźںߴλãѨ
˵
ʱ¾ƶ䡣
½ƿľ̫󣬼֮ǰʱͺľ˴ǿ֮ĩźǰصײϣгҲܿƵˤ˵ϡ
оӿһ𣬺һײλ
ܵĽɫӰҲʱΪΣ̫ިüͷ
ƽĿⴹѡ
ˣԼһʱȴѰ֤۵״
ƺ«ɽ䣬Ҳסǰ֦⣬̫ިһ㣬ƮӹҶȥ
ȵ䣬½ƿĵϣٶȼ䣬ں˲䣬ק󣬶߶
ԼֵʧֱŭϷͻȻֵĲ֮š
ǰ˵ΪԼ֮£Լ
һ½ƿ̧ͷֻ֮£Ůƾɫ΢΢𣬲԰׵ϼκѪɫ
һ˲䣬½ƿ¼ΪɽṲ̊


5 
̫ިӸµؿźĿ
£̲סˣΪ޵ֱǰΣա
ǰΪԼ࣬Ȼ̲סȴ֮ġ
ѵؿһ½ƿ£վǱռϷ磬ڿնѪҧ䡣
̫ި֣½ƿջأתߴ磬ӹ֮ӷ
֮յرܹһҽ£ÿһָҪƵֻܲϺˡβһ굤ϣɵؿ̫ިٲ
򲻹·ð壬ŵĽ֣Ѿ㹻ǵȷһ㡣֮ͫɫƬ̵ԥڻѡɿβɿȥ
ԽթȻ֪򲻹ȻȥΪϡ
̫ިҲûиϾɱĴ㣬ҪɱϮҪұ㲻ա
£Ǳڵϵ꣬䵭½ƿҲþûܻع
ź̫ިͷ΢
½ƿź֪ʶԼΣѾæһ񣺡лȣ
ǰŮȥһͣȻǻһѸʡ
̫ިĮȻɨһۣ𻰣Ŀ䡣
ҷɳ½ƿ¹Ľһ䣬أ㱻ɣΪһƬҽ
½ƿ¿ЩãȻΪ̫ިɳľٶʵڲΪʲôҪô
飬̫ިָ⣺߹ǰ֣ȴǲ
ֻһڵĺǽнϾ߸ֻ֪Сͷ¡
̫ިĻ½ƿһʶԼտҲ䡣߹Чãȴ֮ϲһֹʵֲԼ׷ᡭ
ֻԼĽҷŵڳƵ޷ۣô߹½ƿһʱ˼⡣
˹ݺ˷뵤֣ȫΪһʱͬ˴ˣѵδ֪¶
½ƿϪɵӣϪš
Ϊ֮ӣ½ƿµȴʮƽǰͬΪصʦܱԣҲΪѿЦ
ȻǱԣҪЩͷڱ֮ǰԼ˭ˣ뵤ȡһеĻƻ
ƻȻûʲôЧã̬Ů޻ϲ½ƿµʦֺǵʦãԴΪԶע
½ƿµʦҲصΪûеӹǰֵģҪȥһΣٲõǰʦʦæǷһ顣
½ƿ±ˣͣʡȴ鷳
½ƿԭⵤͬһƤ뵽Լͬʦܣкǲڣһʱȣǰ˵֡
ƻڵвټΧҲ˲٣½ƿ±ΪԼһ߽״ͷƵ޷ۣӦᷢʲô⡣ȡ˻׼뿪ʱ
䣬½ƿ¼һԵĴͷٴ̫ިһݣлѡ
λԮ֣Լ¾ںˡͷԼȴ׻ڵĺʵ
ؼŵлҾ㣬Ȼ󡣡̫ި
½ƿΪλλ߹̫ިģֻǡȱһ֤˰ˡ
½ƿ˵ʲô̫ިָ΢ڵϵ齣㸡ն
½ƿ¿ŵԼֱߵ齣ʶסмãȻؿ
ʲô˼
㷽ʹĽһ顣̫ި̧
½ƿ²ЩͷԣλĵΪʲôҪԼʹһϪöⴧȸողžԼĶˣֻҪίʵЩˡ
վԭز̫ި䡣
½ƿ»һæҡͷԵֻȡ
תһƯĽϪʽ
ոӦԼ̫ˣ½ƿ°Ϫ֮ֻһ͵ѧֵġֻǿһѧᣬϪ㲻ɵķҲỨôòѧء
һҲûʲô
½ƿͷ̫ިȴǲ֪ġ
½ƿóϪʱ֮ٴδһ̣ͫɫԴ䡣
ɫӰٴγ½ƿԣȫ
̫ިҲȷӰĴڣȫۡ
½ƿ¶ɫӰԵԽʵɫӰи֣߲ϡЩ½ƿƣϸ΢мͬ
һ޵Եȸ½ƿ²ͣסȥԪӤ޵ѹ
̫ިҲ˳޺ɫ΢
˵ֻԪӤޣڲѣǻǸϿ뿪ɣ½ƿ¼
ǰŮܴùڵĺҲԪӤ޵Ķ֡½ƿµĸףҲԪӤΪԵֻޣСӦԡ
̫ިȴûжԣǸûᡣ
ǰ֣ΪȡһƷ߰ǰ֪ⵤоȻһƷֲ
ֲΪƷһƷΣƷѡƷֲѾ
ڵĳ̫ިһ
գֵ̽ΣҪһֻԪӤڳĶΪиʶ֪ľʯڣһֱûб޲
̫ި񲻹صΪ޿ԪӤڵȫˣֻͣڵΧѰҺʵʱ
ڣȵʱԼѾˡ
̫ި˵תȥ
ѣΣգ½ƿ¼ˣæ
ǿֻԪӤڴ򶷣
뿪̫ިͷһ䡣
ѡ½ƿ¿ıӰɵؽһԥƬ̣վûиȥ
λĵѣʵĪúܣ̾˿Ȼ֣Ӧȫ˵İհɣ
ɿ촩ڵУ̫ިϢϷХһɫӰӡ
һ·粻һϢӿֻԪӤ޵ΪĽҲ
֮УԪӤ޵ѹԽԽأ̫ިĶҲΪ̫߳ѹЩͺ
֦Ҷ֮УסԶԶȥֻƤëĺһײɽ֮ƣΧȻһƬǽ塣
ֻӪĽͣʮ֮⣬˴˻񣬵ֲǰֻԪӤ޵սǲСıнΪҲǵ˵³
̫ިƬ̼˾ϣȥ
ΪԪӤڣʵ£һʱӦѷֳʤΪȫӦֻûϾ˼飬ʱȥȡõʱ
һΣδػ統һ㣬ֱű̫֡ިϲν
˭Ҳֻ֪ԪӤ޻ʲôʱɱҪ졣


6 
ɽгʪˮɽڵ䣬İлص
̫ި˳żǰȥɽͷȻɵĳ͸ʯںڰɢӨâɽڶܸʶ֪ľʯγɣԼҲƷΪûб޷ԭ
Ÿϵڳ̫ި׼õУʶ˳ɨտҲɽ䡣
ע⵽ڳһ԰ݣ̫ިĬһ˲ǽЩݾɽ֮С
ûԼ߰ǰһ졣
ɽˮεһ˲ȻоƿգצϮ̫ިҪɫһݣԲ˼ĽǶۣ㿪Ĺ
Ҵ͸ɽڣؿͻȻԼĳ׺
ֻ׺ΪһƤë죬ͬֵĳӵͬѪֻԪӤڳޡ
ôڶеģ̫ިɫĳΪˣĸ֪ȻҲ𣬾Ȼȫûвֻ׺Ŀ
˵
׺̫ި˹
˺˿ƿգ谵ɽжʱһâ׺æ˿Ѿס·
ͫ΢ͣڰյ׺˲䣬֮⡣
ȻѾ츳
ѭĺۼ׷׺ѪڵأѾʧȥж׺ڵϰһԪӤ޵ɽը̫ިನƷײɽ֮ϣѪڡ
ֻԪӤڵĳ׺һ֮ʻᱻĻ
̫ިûٶ׺֣ɽȡ˾ڵ
һ̣ԪӤ޵ѹǵӿСɽУһֱ̫ި
ܽ׺һɱ֮ʱעᱻֻԪӤ޲
𵭵⣬ڳĹ֮ʱס̫ި
״ӵĵԵֵԪӤܵһ
ڵͬʱ̫ިдͷ׭𣬳һĻһԽзŭ
࣬ѵȫˣ
צջ£̫ިνҪʧ֮ǰҼϣͷ׭Ҳ»Ϊɻҡ
𲻶̫ި̧֣ǿвȫѪ͸£Ӱͣһ˲ʧڵС
һŭ𣬿ڵص׺վû׷ȥ
γɵгڵ⣬̫ިˤڵءѪȾ˲Ҷɫ԰ףȴ̧Ϣ󷨡
ҹɫĻ繳֦ͷżᴫһ
£˰յ̫ިɫۣ˺½Ҽ˿Ѫģճһȥǿɲ
鲻䣬ҩ۵˿ϡ
ʹϮ̫ި΢΢̹ǹ޷ӵʹࡣ
亹ۣȴ̫
̫ި˺ڼ򵥵ذ˿ڣȥ
˴൤ʮȫ
ҹɫŨ¸亮ҲʱľĽ֮ӿ̫ިŲһ١
Ѿܶ겻ܵҪѪҺĳǺ⡣
ڤڽշ
ԼȣŻǱڤǰ
ӿ̫֫ިɫԽԲ԰ףָҪһ˪
ڵ£ջĵҲֻʣһƬڣᱡ¹£᾵֦ѾҹɫչǾֵצ
ľֺ춯Ƿι֦ͷµĸO@졣̫ިͣ½Ųһ˫ס
ת˲αڹľ󣬼ƺ˿ӰĶ˾ϣָֻ̧Ϳոһ
¹£ϸҷűĹâ½ƿ½ԭأ˿Ҷ
ֻԼһԴͰ˼ҡ
ѡ̫ި˳԰׵ָ½ƿ²̿ˮҪûȣֻµͻᷢһ׮Ѫ
Ϊʲôϳ½ƿ£̫ިҲûɿ֡
Ѿ½ƿ뿪Ϊʲôڴ˴
̫ިò½ƿµ·Ŀġ
ҡ̫ʶõֵ·Իƻʱ߳Ŀ£½ƿ½Ͱ͵ؽ͵
ò߳˵֣ɫѾͣЪճһ߾Ųˡ½ƿΪͬʿǰһͱ̫ިҼס˲ӡ
̫ި´һȥһʶ·ģ
ջ֣ЩָС
˺һϣ̫ިƺ֮䶼ɭȻ
䰡
ѣ½ƿƺҲ״û°ɣ
̫ިûлشʵںۡ
ѣǲˣɽеҩ½ƿע⵽ϱѪȾ£Сʵ
ܰ£̫ި̧ۣͫɫīɫȴ԰׵ü͸
½ƿڨڨһЦ֮ǰһһȻԹۡ
̫ިһۣܾûĴˡ
Ϊ΢ȻԸҲûоܾ֮
¡
½ƿ´ؿĪ
ֱ̫ިͷͶһƳһϽȥ½ƿԼҲ벻ףΪʲôȥͬŮֲԾľη
ſ겻ıϣ̫ިʾԼ
½ƿվʱֻñǶһǧ겻ĺ̲ס˸ս
ôô䣿ѵλǲС˺ɣ
½ƿ²ʣֻСѣڸȥ
̫ިʶѾ磬ۣϢ΢½ƿµ˺һҲûһ𰸡
ȥˣ
ڸǺãûõ̫ިĻش½ƿԥƬ̣ǾȻš
û˵λ˭ڽⶾġǰںɽһůȪӦʱλѵ֢״
½ƿȡûõŴͷ߶һ˱̼ʧԭء
ϪŴУ½ƿվΣܣˡʱ򣬸Ӧھвǣʱ˿
½ƿ±̫ި͵͵ɽȥ
ɽƣ֮ӯһȪˮˮɫڡ
ϪɽеԭֻͨɽȪǰһȪˮ֪ΪͻȻ£һůȪҲֻгϪɽĥʱ½ƿ·˴¡
̫ި˫Ŀգƺ˻˯֮У۽ϾȻҲǳǳ˪½ƿ·ʱܲıϢ
СĵؽŮȪˮС
ϴֲڰ˿ٴѪ½ƿ޴룺ѣô
̫ިůȪߣ嶼ˮУʼû۾Ҳ֪ûĻ
˵úء
ȥгΪ㿴ˡ½ƿµתҪ뿪
ءʱ̫ިȻڡ
ۣ˵ʱкڿУת˲ɢ


7 
̫ިֹס½ƿµĽŲڤκã㲻ڽʮꡣ
ѰҽΣֻΪ麮֮
Ƭ̺ٴοڣȡһ
ƣ½ƿ²ظһ飬ھȡ
ôܽ⺮̫ިѲ½ƿֻðѶĻȥΪȡơ
½ƿµӰԶ֮ٴλָľҹ簵Ҷڷɳɳ졣
ȵȪˮ˿˿Ƶ̫ިȫĺ⣬ö鵤ҩ漴ӿ뾭
̫֮ި⿪Ҽ˿ڵĲϣ嶼ˮУȾѪѡϳµ˿ճһĶ˿ڻڲѪҧѸ˺鲼ϡ
ǿ̹һĿѣľʹ̫ި鵤ڼϣѪܿ͵ֹס
˿ڣһ㿿Ȫˮߣ΢΢
ȻصǰվǴԼ״ǰڤ̫ãŽЩΪƹʹࡣ
䣬̫ިл񾳽ʦԳ֣ѹƺܱ֮ࡣ
Ůɫ´۽ϱ˪ûںڰУԳ
֪˶ãȪҶҡҷ紩֣졣ȪˮĺУһӰȪˮ
Ȫˮ춯ɲǣƺ˯̫ިȻ̧ɳֱϮҪ
ľ겢ûڵһʱůȪеˣֱƿնʶһ㣬вΪ֮һ
һһң֮ɫֵΪߣֱҪκζĶ
ϯ֯һδУӰƮȻɡ
̫ިָұڿжȻתסһʱȪˮϷˤ
ˮĽվΣȻʪ˴롣
̫ިȫȻûֵͣĴ㣬ڣʱľֲûֻһζ
ʱ̫ިǰƹ죬˵ҼȫӰĶ
ɫ·ű亮âӼĽǶϮꡣ
ң̫ިѾƷ絽ǰ̧мܣڶ̶ʱڱС
ůȪˮڣ˴˵ĿЩģ귴ס̫ިĴһ󳹹Ǳ
һǡ
̫ިɫ΢䣬̤Ҽ磬˳֮ʱƳ¾һɾΥϤС
νůȪࡣ
Ǽ⣬ЩΣԼеһصͽӡ
ˮͼ̫ިͣѣʵᣬҲ̽
˵һ룬ֶסˣҹΪλȪУȴǲ׸֪˵ġ
̫ިɫѪҺӼϻ䣬ϸʹ˻ָ˼ѡ
ӵȻҲʱʱɱ
Ľˮƽɢȥ̫ިĿϣһ̣ȫò
ĺһ͡
࡭ʵںᣬֻ̫ިԼˡ
̫ިδǰǵһ֮
߰ķ˪࣬ʱԭҲǸ۵˶ѡ
üĿʣɫ֮£һ΢⣬ɽΡΡ
̫ިûѵʶĻص߰ǰ
ãջĿ⣬ȥ۵ѻһĳ䣬Ե÷ɫѩ
߰ɡ̫ި˵Լʲô飬һȦȦָ⣬Įʶࡣ
̬ȱ̫죬ԭأЩûӦ
㻹ߣǵͽӣûж̫ި˼֡
عǸȻ¾ʵڲöԣ㹰һ漴ʧ֮С
̫ިۣסֱӰȫʧŻջĿ⣬ͷůȪˮ
̫߰ިǱʾ̤ƶ˲ἰĴڡ
ηɱԴλ
µһޣ˪ݺᣬ⺮ʮݡУ˪͹ͬħΪʿ֮ʡ
࣬Ϊ̫ިκν
֪ܶǰ̫ިʱѾࡣ
̫ިԣʮغڰ֮Уѵõһ
࡭
ҹɫУ¥ڵȼյԵ÷̧УֻƵĵƹ£ͷҰ׵ڰ˯
µĺۼܺŨŨĺ
ˣŲƤ˫ۻؿ࣬ҹǳһ̡
ЦЦֻЩ⣬޴󰭡
˵߱ûжʣתѹػĽΣ
ҹѾƾúã֮ٲÿҹһɽȥص˵߶档
ԭϪɶȴڸһɷĵػɴ
ǡϪɽһˮػѹ£֮ܽɷ֮
ȻнΪҪѹػĽƻЩǿֻ÷ɡ
ʱ뿪ʡ
Цˣ
ߵûʲôϪСطֵ
ΪҪһֱ෴ʵ
߻׵ҷڻƵƹԵúƽѱȴһݶ鲻
ΪԱȼϪŵԪӤʿ֮ֻΪ˻رһݶ顣
꿴ž޲ﰵ̾˿
Դг֮һҹ֮࣬򣬸ССϪĬĬŵˡ
ԪӤʿ㣬δĺ꣬ȴʧǰľġ
иԣҲ˵̫Ȱο֮ԣҡҡͷ̧ǽǵľ̳
ˣһͳҲ⼸̳þƣѵȫȥ
ѵһΣļ̳ƣĶץס̳Լһ
ЦҾ֪Сʱ˸ƹ޵֮ˣ̰֮
üͷˣ޵Ŀɲǿ˼ʡĵ
˵䣬ѾʮУüֻܽ˿Ӱ
ת̳ڿתһȦֽס
ֹѾҿƷһڣ̧ۿߣüĿ
ʧЦȱָսС
*
գϪŴ
½ƿ̤ʱм㷣֪׽ջΪ£
ΪϪţ½ƿµĸһæµƽദʱʵڲ࣬ѰʱҲ׽½ƿǰ
ѵ֪Լչǰֵ£æӦûйԼȥǣ½ƿҰο
ʱһֻյ
½ƿһԵһͷ
״ɵĲյűߣˮĽ½ƿһ£Ҫϣɾˡ
µ̧ͷϸޱ
ˡ
£
ϷüĿ˳ȵ
½ƿµĸףϪţ½֮


8 
½ƿ¿۽űߵƬĬĬŲŹ.ȥ
ˣ½֮Цˡ
㵹֪ˣеӹǰ֣رҴ֣ǲҪǽڣһ̽
ܽڣһؾΨн𵤾ϵʿʵǰȡ
½ƿЩɥصͷˣ׾ȻǷˡ
֪½֮յ֪뿪ţǹǰֺҲ̸ȥ
½֮ڵ˶һҹȴûзκټǼӣֱصţŷŴдͷۼ
½ƿ¾ȻѾˣ
½֮ջƻ跢½ƿ뿪Ϫ壬ʹеӣ֪½ƿ¾Ȼȥ˵֡
½֮뿪ã½ƿ±贫ͷϪ壬ǡô
ҹΪӵĵ½֪֮½ƿƽ֮󣬲ɲȻŭ
ͬʦҲͰˣ˲֪أԼϷ½֮һصϣ֮ǰĸ
½ƿµͷ޲ܵ͵ҲԼ³çǡλѳȣԼֻ¾Ҫ˵С
ֻڸǰګԣ˵ͷѵ⣬Ҳ˵ʲô
½֪֮룬ʱͷԣֿԽеŭ£ζԵŵĸף
½֮ʦͬţ½ƿº󲻾ãһؾ֮䡣
½ƿǱһֻΪţ½֮æ֮࣬ճദʱ䲢֮֮࣬ʱ
½ƿͽ󣬸˸Խԡ
½֮ἰĸף½ƿʹɫʱеĻ⡣
ס֪ˡ
½֮üĿ̺۸ĬƬ̣½ƿ»ȥ˼Լ׼ɽš
½ƿګګӦͷɥȥ˵ţûԶӭˡ
˿ȥ½ƿԴЩúѰһͲĳȣϪ½֮ͽ
½ƿ£ڣʦܡ
½ƿ²ڵһ񣺡ʦ֡
űѵĴӣ½ƿȻмֱŤġ
Ȼֻ½ƿ곤һ꣬ǰѾͻأڣ
½ƿŲأʵѷɫ̫ࡣ
ʦܣ˵һȥ˵֣üͷʵ
ô¶ʦҲ֪ˣ½ƿڨڨ
̾˿ʦܣô˲ϧԼİΣʦΨһӣˣİ
½ƿЩѿͷûлش
˵ʲôһȹŮԶ䣬չ
½ʦ֡ͣ½ƿǰŮ˵ͷʦ֡
ʦáص
½ƿв𼸷֮УͷֻĿΪרעᡣ
½ƿ²սȭ
½֮еĹŮ֮ʱϪΪߵĴΪͽ
ʮ꣬ΪȴԼȼ硣
ʦãôñƽʱЩȫȻûв½ƿµЦʵ
ŮصʦձչأϾָС
˵ͷԭˣԪӤڣʱգͻԪӤ۷ˡ
˲ȥǰ䣬½ƿ΢΢ЩʧƬ̺ȥɫ
½֮ʱ½ƿҲ꣬һϪϳ󣬿˵÷С޲¡
֮Ϊӣ뿪Ϫ塣
ΪʿԵרעУ½ƿ̫࣬нҲȫ֮ͬ϶ʱʱ٣˵ϵԽԽ١½ƿֻڽĬĬԼһŮ
ǴϵͽϪɰ츳ĵӣƽӹֻһͷ֮ӣȫȻͬġ
ʦܣʦԼȥʦпգͬУʲô½ƿʵ
Ϫڵ֮ΪߵˣһдҲ֡
½ƿԣһǿЦˣʦ֣ұ˼ҾȻȥˡ
£˵ʲô½ƿѾҴԼľӴȥ
ߵЦⲻźۼЩתͷƿԵ£ʦã߰ɣǡʦ֮ǰָһµĽʽʦָһ
Żعջؿ½ƿ±ӰĿ⣬Ĭص˵ͷ
صԼԺе½ƿֻһԵıƣγԼ齣йһʹϪ
õǽջϴһ
½ƿһ̧ͷ̫ި֦ϣһֻһֻžƺ«
½ƿԼĵӾУֻһˡ
ǿůȪ֮ʣ̫ިϪɶգ½ƿµĵӾȻҲʱøס
ѡʶԼܿŭȫУ½ƿǺ޴վԭء
𽣣̫ިȴһ¡
ϰĽһΡͷдһɲ๵ζ
½ƿ²̫ףλΪʲô뿴Ϫ
̫ިָ⸲ۣٴθе̡½ƿ´վŲת۵״ϼֲͣ𣿡
ã½ƿҲ֪Ϊʲôһݣվֱ
Ϫʽ
ĵӿ𵭵ˣԼʲôʱˣ
½ƿµĶɫӰٴγԣ̫ި̼Ӿ磬ͫȾϱɫ
ɫӰֳ磬Өɫת
ǡеĹ켣
̫ިһ֪ھת׸ӦĹ
½ƿ£гֵǵɫӰóĽȻ
½ƿս֮ʣ̫ިڣһ硣
½ƿԭأһʱ˶
̫ިˣ䵭òýҲ
½ƿȫҷԹԽ̧һ磬

֣½ƿ²˿˶񣬼нʹȥ
̫ިĿ½ƿϣбɫӿɫܡ
ֻҪ⼸֣ƽ½ƿµĽ
˼ؿɫӰֵ£ӿȪѨ
½ƿµĶֶ˶٣漴ŰЩ̫ިĻЩ֪ʹˡ
һ࣬½ƿ²ŽϪǰضʹ˳вɳ˿ǽˡ
ס𣿡̫ިԸ߶µؿ
½ƿ̧ͷĿ⣬ãȻ
̫ި䵭ͶȥһƳ½ƿº֪˼λָԼĽ
Ϫɵӣô֪ϪʹңͿȥҲʵڲʲôǰˡ
½ƿлɣȴȫûеӽЩ˵ڡ
񡭡סһЩʵ
̫ިüͷٽһ顣
ľѹ£½ƿֻӲͷƤٴγ
æңܼסʵޣЩطˣЩطȴû䣬ʹĽЩĲ
׾̫ިҲʧģժҶƬӳ©֮
½ƿɪһ£㼰ʱж
ˣʹһʽһ
עҶƬ½ƿϸζʵڲܣи̫ިָ֮
ҪĵԼƽʱýϰ߲ףο½ƿΪޣֻ֧ʩչһǰϪ
̫ިľѹĿ£ϢƬֻ̣ƴתķѾľ
˭Ⱦ
ˣʱ½ƿ²ŽһϪ˳
ǱרעΪӽǰЮȥ
һȻ춯ԶɵӦ̳˺γУþòƽϢ
һĻ½ƿ΢΢ɴۡ
óĽ
½ƿ²ŵؿг̧ͷǰǽ壬ʵڲšصԼȻˣ
صʦ֣Ҳˡ
ʵǰڶݵľ֮½ƿ²һ˵ϲá
ָԼĽͻͽλڵ־ĵѣʲô磿
½ƿµĸԪӤ磬Ҳˡ
ѵ˵ǰȥʮߵŮʵλز¶ǰ


9 
½ƿ̧֣ӿȻ֣Լʩչĵֻԭ߳ɣ
߳ƺûʲô˲ãʡȫ½ƿ±ٶһıԣһܾǾʤĹؼ
Լһǰˣ½ƿ¼Ī˵ܶϲò£û뵽ԼȻҲϡ
ǼԼԣŻָ㣬½ƿţ̲סɵЦ
̫ިɵЦ½ƿ£΢΢üȴû˵ʲô
˷ܹ½ƿȥѡ
æϵŮһ񣬸Ŀڵлǰָ㣡
Ϊ𾴣½ƿ¸˳ƺֹǰǰһ֡
ںȾƵ̫ިǺԣǰƺӻǵһ
Ƶؿһ½ƿ£졣
ΪΪʲô½ƿڡ
̫ި֣Ҽ׷½ƿԺбͷܡ
ǰҴˣ
ջĿ⣬Ƶգ˫סڣѴԼԿ϶Լʲôô
ֻǰ۴δֹ䡣
ôһУǲǺȻص߰ǰйأ
̫ިٴ߰ٶļ䣬ȴʼûҵκԼػ߰ǰйصĲ֡
һУǵׯܣׯε
½ƿ²֪룬£齣ٴɵЦ
̫ިµ֪꣬ΪΣȻм졣
ǡᡭ
ô᣿
߹һʲôЦ⣬ٺһھƣ뷨֮Ժ
ЪƬ̣½ƿ»̫ިָڶϪȴûдӦ
һʱˡ̫ި
½ƿ²ҲĻ£ҲЪ뷨óһ˿СزԼ齣
һƷ齣ֵǧʯѰ޶ԣһѽ㹻õ֮󡪡ȥˡ
̫ިĶãڣûһѽˡ
ǿ½ƿἸ֮ѵö˵һ䡣
仰½ƿʶԼ齣Щԡ
ǰΪʲôҪһѽ½ƿشһ齣ʵûзʲôԵĵط
̧ͷ̫ިɵǰΪʲôô˵
ѽȥĲƣ½ƿһֱ൱ϧԼûһѽʱǴ㵡
ǰѲдƷ̫ި΢΢ͷʿԭһ׽ϧʧˡ
Σ½ƿ»ǲס
ʧܵĲдƷȥͬѰ죬վҲֻǲдƷˡ̫ިһۣ䵭
ǽ½ƿԼǰóУδ߶̫ިҲδػᷢһ㡣
ע±롣
½ƿʹѽҪķѱѰƷ齣صΪûж˷ѡ
±롭
½ƿºȻЩףԼǰͬʦܱʱΪʲôˡ
⽣ʦģҲǱƭˣŻĲдƷ
½ƿȫûжġ
ɽдͷƫƣ̤Ŵ֮ʱϦ¡
׵½֮һݣӼʦ𡣡
ǰ½֮ɫɣ˵ͷ
̧ʾ£½֮еٹ±ߪԣ׼Σ
ߪǲݵʢ£ݵһǧˮ֣ÿʮٿһΣΨͲʮʿɲμӡ
ߪӱ񣬸¡
һߪǰϪɵľӢˣ˵ùԣ´ʧ档
ߪٿ½֮Ȼϣһѩǰܡ
ЦʦģӴ˴ξϪɵʧ
½֮˵ͷ侲ģƿ¡
뵽½ƿ£̲סа̾һ
λǰھһδȣǰʮߣڳָ֮ǰڲԡ½֮ȥ˼˵¡±㽻λʦ֣Σ
ڵʵϪһԿгԶھھС
˵һλϸƽָܵģΨаµĵӡ
ʱ½֮һ񣺡Ӷʦ
½֮ļкοأ˴дȣ˶ǰʮ֮Сϣλָ㣬ڳ֮аεͷ
ǣҲƶԼʮ֮һصΪڵУҲΨдصĵһս
˵ߪԣʦͽ̸
ȻʲôԥƬ̣ǿʵˣʦҽڵʦܣΪҪ
½֮ἰ£Ծŭδصľ磬Ȼ͸ҹǰ֣ʵڲԼ£ζԵȪ֮µĸף
½ƿµΪһֻޣܻᶪ
һ½֮ѹŭˣҽæϾ˼ŽȲ֪ص¡˼ϣܺú÷ʡԼںδ
˵һ̾ƿһأұܷˡ
޳ܱӻһʱȴܻһ;һ˶а
Ȱƿףʦ𲻱ض̫Ѿ֪ˡ
½֮ҡҡͷԸ˵ȥ
˵Ҳֻͣסͷ
Ⱦϼ߳ŴͷϦͣ߹һĨ޵Ц⡣
ãתŷķȥ
ϪӵΪֻлܱٹȣȻΪЩ׼ʳĵطϪɻûвƴֵΪеӶϱٹȵ
ǰŷ˷׷ʺΪصĵӣۣû˲ʶ
ҲЦ˵ͷʾ⣬̬ºͣƽ׽ˡ
׵ĴҪһи㣬ԲֳӿЦʦҪƿ´Եȥ
Ϫɸ꣬Ȼ֪ʳ
ϲʳģ½ƿ¡
̾˿ʦã˼Ϊʦ֣Ȼȥ
ʦִƿʦֿãһԵԣʱпΪҪƿʦֱ˼
˷˶ǰ֣Щ⣬ʦܲ˵ţҡҡͷǺܲͬ½ƿΪ
ŷѬǣڴ˶ʳб뿪
Զŷ۵ƿʦ־Ȼȥ˵֣
صΪӿ󣬵ֻԪӤޣ
ȥʲô
˵Ǻ˶Ķˡ
û˺һʦܣŶӣΪȴ΢Ƕŵ
֪£½ƿ¶Ķʦǻᱻ𷣣
һʣӦΪǨŭ˰ɡ
ο½ƿԼĶˣιֵ˱ˣҪֻ֣ܹԼá
һߣʳУܿ㵽½ƿµӾǰ
ţ̧ͷ⴦СԺ
Ϫǿ֮Ѱûʸסģ½ƿΪŶӣƽӹҲܳӴ˴
ãջĿ⣬ǰš
Ƭ̺½ƿ´ţЩȻʦ֣ôˣ
ʦܵſڣѵǲӭЦʡ
½ƿæÿôᡭʦ֣
ӭʯԣ˶
˵ʦ˼ܣȡЩ㡣ʳУ¶оĵġʦܣ˷ȷ̫çײʦŭ
ңҲǲҹǰȥֵġ
½ƿµͷӦһ
㲻ҪԹʦҲ²ŻŭȰæұΪǣλܽ˵ġ
½ƿӵ䣬Ϊ׷ǵģҲֻʦֶѡ
Լܲ㲻ˡ
׼ʦ֣Ǻܿģԣ޻˵
ȫ˼ֵˣʦܣʦѰңҪǰоһȣǰڲμߪԳԵĵӡڽ㣬δ֪£ǡǰ˵һ
дȣ½ƿ΢ڴȡһΣӦû˰ɣ
̫ިָ֮½ƿµǰδеضԼ˵ġ
㵽Ϊֹûоʹ¶˵漴½ƿ¹һЩճ£ȫ
ֱ¸֮ʱ뿪
ߺ½ƿʯԣþòܻ
㿴ãĪǳ˻ϴ̫ިĵĻ
½ƿ̧ͷвֳ־֮ɫǰԭһֱ
صҲȫûзԼͷϵ֦ҶУһˣ½ƿµһϯ
齣̫ިȻ
½ƿµɴ۾ǰô֪ģ
ѵλǰʵƲ㲻ɣ
̫ިһƹĵĻػ棬Ҳֻ½ƿĴɵ𣬲ŻԴ˺
ἰдȣ½ƿ²μӡû̫ިָ㣬һдƷ½ƿ£ʤùˣžܱ
˾٣½ƿĿ֮¶档
̫ިױ飬ȴûж˵ʲôܲ⣬½ƿ¶ԣԼʶյҲ׽̫࣬αذ׷ѿࡣ
οָ֮ԸЦ
̫ި֦Ҷζ½ƿǰûӰ
ôˡͷλǰ˵ôֻ˵һ룬ʵ˷ѽ⡣
ĿҲûж룬ϸһ룬С


10 
ڶһ磬½ƿһСϪɵĲ¥
͵͵شʲôһϵ
½ƿ±һһ󱳾ײܣɢһء
ŵĽˤԶһе½ƿʹͷ
үүͷҰ׵ǰ½ƿ¹˲æҵ
¥ʡ
½ƿʵѰһľ
̫ި֮ǰһᣬúʵϪ½ƿ¾ͷϡ
ƽӹһϪҲûѧףҺøԶͬʱѧϼڵ̫ިָ㣬һֲͬˡ
ɴڼ½ƿһԼʵ
Ѱľֺ͵͵˵ԾһƬηȻ
½ƿڨڨͣұ˼ҪǱ֪͵ܳһҪˡ
һ뵤֣㱾͸
½ƿ²һ죬˭дȡ
мϱ¥У˵ǿģ½ƿϵ𾴡
Ͻѵ䣬ֵҪѰʲô
ֻҪϪϣ½ƿ²̫ȷػصʵҲûԼѡʲôûеȥ̫ި
գĿѲ漴ҿǽһȥֱȡһö򣬻½ƿ»С
ΪϪɲ¥ˣڴ˿ض꣬ϪɴԼû˭˽صĹ伮
粽½ƿ½ʶ֮̽У૵
˶Իڳ˿ǽС꣬΢չ͸ľϣӰУ΢Ծ
һμǣ΢أ̬ǰȻ
ۣ˸ǷĿͶԼűߵ齣
Ƭ̺һַ
ཫ̽ɫĽԭĳ⣬𲻶ʶͨһ֪̽齣ṹµùȻʧܵĲдƷ
ǵնʦʱٲдƷҲ׿϶ѽǲдƷ
ʧܵǰ齣ȥһƷ齣
Žܡ
½ƿŲתͷȥ괽Щ΢Ц
˭
½ƿϪɳеȻûмʶģǰȻϪɵĵӡ
Ϊλڲ¥У
ҼС;ϪɣұסաϿڵݡ¥֮£ͬ⡣
ԭˣ½ƿ¹ֵ½ƿ£ѡ
Ž̧֣Ľ
½ƿµͷЦЦֻΪҪһдƷв洦
ԣüɫԳࡣĿгϣ⾹ȻһдƷ
ûлжϣһϵ裬ֹ´ʿӦȲϻǸ˵ࡣ
½ƿЩȻһûܹʯһ
Ȼ֮ӣΪŵ½֮ԼĶʲôѰӵŴ½ƿÿ¶ʦֵһŵӵݴȡʯҩС
࿴˼Ȼŵùң㽫齣޸Σ
Ȼ޸дƷֱ׷鷳ѵʧȴûбĲдƷҲһԡ

*
½ƿյȴ齣֦
֦ԭʹѶȸ
ҪóһʽϪ½ƿ¾ͱԼҪ֦£֦ʱͻữΪ촷ۡ
ģǾ̫ިָϪʽ
ΪϪɽůȪ̫ިڴգΪ˳ָ½ƿ¼ʽ
չƫбϵ̫ިۣ鵭
һ·һһŽ½ƿ£ȻѰȴ㡣
ջĿ⣬Ů˲Ϣ֮ʧСԺ֮С
Ժǽ֦Ҷ涣з
Ϫɽǰȡֽ͵Ľʻȥһˮ㸡ܡ
ɫĽʦԼɵɢޣ򲻻һζϣһдƷ
齣ʯΪ壬ʯ񣬵ʣ֮ǰʦ
˵ҲɣѹϪɽĵػʯϵ𣬼ܽʯеȫ
뵽һ㣬ŻΪ½ƿ޸齣
ҪʧܵĲдƷ޸ΪԭƷףֱ׷ӼѣҲûаܽ޸
̧£һһƽѹػĽơվĵطǽġ
һĻǰཫ齣ͶУ͵
Ҫ齣ҪȽ
ɫĳɣżƺɫɷţƺȴʼͻƲ಼µĽơ
⴫ȸౣڣɽƽ
ѿã֪кָ̣
㣬̫ި֦ͷ
⣬಻ܲĴڣҪǰǲԼʶķ˪ˡ
ɫû뵽Լ̫ިôͻϵڶΡ
̫ިȴδܵĸ飬϶ȥϳ½ƿµ彣ֲֻ֦
ȼյ̫ިʶʱΪò٣ʱʱ尾֮ࡣ
̫ި½ƿ£ϣôɺ
ĿཻʧɽС
뿪Ǽ⣬ʵֻ˵˵ѡ
˭֪Ȼˡ


11 
ʱ½ƿ
һ֦棬ˮ࣬һʱҲûдʽп
üǽͷһʱȥ
˵Ϫ֮ϪʦƾһϪԿɣû뵽ԼһصпûϪ
ϿУҲ֪½ƿµݣϪ֮ӣƫһϪ֮УҲ㲻óڡ
½ƿóĽȴʵڽ˾̾
ص꣬ȻóĽβ˾̾
ֱ½ƿŴǽͷ½ƿ¼Щȣѣôˣ
ɽȡѾ齣Цԭġ
½ƿ¿齣ʶô𣿣
齣λѵڣҲ̶հɡ
ʶԼѿڶĻ̫ʣ½ƿæѣҲڻ㡭
൱ȻͬƽС£ֽ̧齣ݸ½ƿ£ҿʲôĵط
½ƿ´нӹֻɫĽһɨ¹⻪ת˼Ʋۡ
⡭齣½ƿϸ齣Ƭ̣Ȼʧ
ȫȻû뵽ཻģȻƷ齣ΪԼ齣޸ΪѰ׷ǶƷҲѾ
ཻеģȴһ齣
齣
½ƿش齣ջĿ⣬ʹ֣ԭеģֻһѲдƷֵʲôǵ㽫޸ΪƷ齣øҲǡ
齣ֵǧʯȣ齣Ҫǧʯ½ƿ³ôɽʱҲʯ˵ֱǾ޿
Ȼϵֶ½ƿҲûдȻؽ齣ΪУ齣ļǮ㲻ᣬǾࡣ
û뵽ô˵ֳ⣬漴ЦȻˣ㲻ңĽͬ˭ѧġ
Ҳûʲôģ½ƿµصͬѧϪգһλǰָ㣬档
г
ڵһλǰ½ƿʵ
ȻϪɵĵӡ
۵׻һĨ˼½ƿ£һǱˡ
½ƿǺæ֣ôС
һ仰ܻһ齣
б˽ҲãУгʵĻᡣ
ԣ½ƿڲƾܣӹ齣ֶѷģһṼ齣
½ƿ齣ֵ֪ѿɷΪλָ㽣ǰ
ΪޣȻ½ƿµĽڶ̶̼ڱͻͽʮֺ档
ֻǵ̫ިԺʱ¶Щ΢ɫû뵽ôϵ档
ǰΪŮȻ½ƿ¿еǰʵЩ˼˵ΪŮΪԶʤԼŽ̽ľ磿
̧ͷ֮ʱ̫ިҲĿԣ˫۾˶û˵ͥУչҶ϶Ͷһ
Ϊλ̫ިǰڣһƬš
ֻǺ棬ѿǽޣص
ޣ
̫ިЦЦһ˲䣬ɽ۱ѩڣȪˮ顣ƿն˺δ֯͵ԭء
ЩеˣЩԼжϡ
Ҳ̫ި˼Ȼý
½ƿ¼֣æǰǰλֻĽһ棬֣
Ľ
Ǽ⣬ֹϾ½ƿ˵ĻҲûʲô
죡һ̫ިڡ
ദգ½ƿҲ̫ިм˽⣬֮ʱԤеתܣȴҲס䡣
̫ިָһ½ƿ±ˤڵϣͶء
Ϧ£ǽǵ½ƿ¼ģǰ֪ˡ
һĻ๴˹ǡ
̫ިջָ䣬תͷꡣĿԼϣæɿסЦ⡣
㻹̫ިü䵭
ȴ뿪ǰŮѣӦǼĵɡ
Ӧǵ棬̫ިš
̵࣬ա̧̬䡣
࣬ɽ𳡣
Ƿ˪ࡣ
̫ިؿһۣãڿڣ̫ϡ
ҽУ̫ި
һ̫ϡ֮գ
ӵܣȫû˵֡
ˡ̫ިٴοڣȴ
˵ʲôΪǱ;˪͹ͬעڰҹ֮С
ѹǣǽͷʲôعб˸Сɵľϻ
ǰնðԭ¡
˵գʧԺС
Ҿסľϻ̫ި̧֣ľϻС
ԣָǰҹ֮¡
뿪ǰŽľϻ̫ިǲܾ
ָ΢ľϻ㻺תзһīɫ˿ҡ
˪µһޣõʦ֮һ
˿ԪӤϼĸ˿ƣˮ֣ʤ
˿ơ
̫ިϻڿµ֣ĬƬ̣֮ɽ䡣
ȵ½ƿĬĬᣬΪʲô˵ֻ
֮󣬱Ϫɴȡ
½ƿ´Ҵææش䳡ˣ˽վдȱӡ
½ʦ֣ϪɵӷŮ׷ʺ
½ƿǵ˵ͷ˵ʲôɿشǰ
Һüնûм½ʦ䳡ˣЩ֡
㻹֪ǰȥ֣ƽ̷˱˼Ц
ȱɽ˺½ƿ˺һ򣬲˳Ⱥ
ѵؽϣҪȣ
ȵŵ̧ͷü½ʦܣ
ⲻ½ʦ𣿡ԱҲϳ½ƿ£Ҳμδȣ
˵ǰλ½ʦͬصʦֶܽˣôҲμδȣһֱԶˣǰװûŵӵ
Ųʣôŵӡ
ϧԪӤܣȴôĶӡ

Ŀ½ƿϣ˵۵ĻУս齣סǡ
Դ½ƿͣؾ޷ͻƣΪŵΪ׵ĴںЩ͵ĻѾ̫ࡣ
ǰͬʦܣǼӾЩƫԼǰָ㣬˳ֵ齣֮ǰһ㡣
½ƿ¿ԼǰŵӣϪ½ƿ£˴δȣ


12 
Ǽյ̧ͷЦЦؿ½ƿ£½ʦܵҪμӴ˴δȣ
½ƿµͷЦһż½ʦܣҪˣ˴δͬŶǰսҪǵô˵ˣĿɲֹԼ
⻰˵ʵڲ½ƿ¾ٺõƢҲɱɫлʦֹģδһȫԸ
룬أôȫԸҲ˵һֱԡ
˵½ƿµЩ֪֮Ͳȡ
īֱߣȴٳٲԸ½ƿµ֡
½ʦܣ㻹ٺúɡֵеۣҪͲˡ
˭һʱСģƽ̴˵ıӣ׼Ҫѵˡϳʮ
½ƿȻû֮⣬˵ǣĸףҲŭ뷢֮ʱԶüͷ˵ʲô
Ŷ½ƿ̬ȶӵŵʱ죬Ҳ˵ʲôڨڨʣ½ƿµּ¡
ջĿ⣬½ƿ£ºͣʦܣǱ涨ȻСý˷дʦĿ࿴
ΧͶζһĿ⣬½ƿ˵ֻӲͷƤ˵ͷ
ΪʲôԼѵʲô⼸ڱ˼ֻȥһβ¥
½ƿһͷˮߡ
ƿ£θߴӭĸߴ鲻ŭ½ƿ£ɫԽࡣ
ʦ֣½ƿ¶ϲ֮ɫʲôʱģ
λʦ֣ǴϵĶӣʮᵤֻһ֮ң½ƿµĸʦֵܣ½ƿ±Ҳʦ쳣׺񣬶½ƿ´ʮ꣬˵½ƿǱųġ
ǰǶĶʦܣñط꣬ʦȴЦ⣬ʵ
½ƿ¿ôʦҲ֪ˣǣ
ʦִĻ˱ˣΪҪִõΪλʦܣ˵ӵĲʹ
ÿ·ʯҩޣƽĵӱѰЩԻȡʯϪõȥ֮һȻʯޣµĵӣܹԵͼƷ಻õĵҩ
¶֪½ƿǰնĶʦܣûΪĪԭ򱻸ϳ½ƿƫƫ֮ӣеӱ㶼̲סɣǲ½ƿ˶ĶмޣΪλʦܡ
ʦһб˵ЩԷºѰ½ƿ¡
½ƿ»򣬹ֲýոλͬŶ̬֡
ʦ֣ûУ½ƿ¼Ķˣұ²ãôܹʦܣ
һϣʦֳĬƿµ飬ȷ¡£ѵֻ˿ֺãŻὫλʦܸϳ
˵ˡ
˼Ƭ̣ʦֶ½ƿµմȿʼ㡭
պϪɴȱڶ
һ磬°ɫӷĵӽ䳡ΪϪһϪµн֮࣬ȻΪߪ׼μӴȵĵͱ㲻ܹʮ
˵һֱԹǧӣҪնѡǰʮ
㲻ܲμӴȵĵӣҲԸ֣ⷬο۲ͬŵӣҲܶԼмԷʡ˼
½ʦ֡
ôˡ
Ƥ񣬶Ķˣѹˣһм
ԵŮ½ǣʾҪ˵
˲룬½ƿ£̧½ʦ֡
Χ˵Ŀⶼ̲סһǲǰΪӮ˶Ķϳʦ½ƿǸʲôѵ
ˣδҲ̫Сˣ
½ƿ¿ް꣬ͣǰƵݸ
һ̧ͷ½ƿ£½ʦʲô˼
ǵӵƣ½ƿ½͵ʦܣⱾġ
Ķұ²ãûɼǺʦܣʦܲҪᡣ½ƿϵ
˵գһ񣬱ת뿪ˡ
ŮıӰЩϲضƵʦ֣̫ˣԻصˣ֮ǰһᣡ
ϻް֮ɫɢȥ˵ͷим֮ǰԼϳӦò½ʦģôԽӵƻԼ
˭֪ǲΪʦߣƲ˵ġſ½ƿºǲ˳۵ٶȿڡ
Ůüôǽ򻵴룿
ƲƲ죬˵ʲô
ΧڨڨǺҲ½ƿµˣдͨӣȻҲܹΪӮ½ƿº󱻴ѹĵӡ
Ҳ˾½ƿ̬֮ǰ˸ϳģ˭
ԶԶһĻЦⲻɵȥһ˲Ͼޣûϲŭɫĵزʦ־ߣ˼ؿһۣ漴糣ջĿ⡣
ͬʼĩ̫ި䳡ǿмϣ΢΢üï֦ҶڱסӰɫǴ䣬˿ͻأ
ܶϪɵĵӣȴûһܷĴڡ
죬һϪɵĵ۴˴ӡ
ڸ̨ϵͭӷһ죬вΪ֮һڴʱ߷Ӷڸ̨Ϸ
ŵˣ
˺ö೤ϣλ̫ϳϾȻҲˡ
˵ֻҪڴжǰʮܵźλָУ

·˷ܵ½ƿҲ¶֮ɫ
½֮ȵĹ̫ިû˵ʲôĿ½֮Եˣս֡
˷ҰףòϣҲһƬ࣬½֮ʦ֣Ϫɴϡ
̫ިϵ
Ȼϵ
ʧȥʶֻʣһ꣬ҲҪɱˡ


13 
̫ިʶʱոתΪ°ΪβϸƬ˰ߣȥɲ
Ϊò٣ʱʱ֮࣬ýѡ
̫ިϲʱԼǺ˵ģڣҲϲ
ߣǿʳ̫ިΪޣ˼࿴ᣬҲ໥ֲܻȥ
̫ިãʵҲʱӵйˣʱȴˡ
ֻȥΪԼȥµһֻҲν
֮£Ը
գֶţֱڱ޼ɵĴһһЩʿС
ҹɫŨѪζƮԶĻϸ£ҲȾѪ졣
Žһƽ
βꪴ͸ڵ棬ԶɱڶЩʿǰŤϤģİģĺ磬ѪҺҲ
Ѫģ̫ި
ʲô
ԭϣעΪ⣬ֻһʱҲɵá
ǰȻһƬȵĻУ˸˵ߣ
һû֮У󣬳ɫȼޱ档
߰
ɢڻУ̫ި˻һϿβȥ
عͷƽ࿴ϵû֮Уһһ
ȼ꣬ѼԼڵΪĲһɱУΪ̫ިһ·
Ƭ棬̫ިֻʣһƬĿհסֱܶһҹǵ
֮󣬶ʿ뿪ѾΪصĻԭǵȻǻ֮أϡɷȴ겻ɢ洦
̫ިصƬѪȾսֻʬҰ׹ǧһҹȥڽУһĨꡣ
ˣתĻҲûˡ
Ĩл꣬ڻҰ֮Уڷлص֮һƬš
ʿôҲ뵽ֻΪ΢ֻܴжβӵгһջΪʾ̤ƶֻӭ
̫ިƿܣĨУֻ֪ɱ¾Ļᡣ
취Ĩ꣬һ꣬ʮ꣬ȥʼֻһ߿ܡ
ֱܶ𷢱ֻʣһڼ׷ԲԵʱһеȥ
һβ̫ިҪɱһˡ
ֻʣһĨл꣬ҲҪɱ
߰ǰߣվ½֮Եˡ
̫ިָϣһ̣ڿԿ϶Լڵ־µ½ƿ£Ǻᡣ
Ȼᡭ
߰ǰ鶼ûзǾڵӣҲûб䱱
䳡Ϸ½ֹ֮ڵӼ䣬㲻ٶԡ̧һͭӷ֮Ϫڴȱʽʼˡ
䳡Ѵʮִ̨Ӹźƣ½֮ڳת׼뿪
ҪգǵȻһֱڳÿնмλڴ˿˵ӣڱзʲô⣬޷ָơ
ϵĴ̧ͷɨܣ䳡ޱȣϢһһʱ޷ȷ̽ĿԺη
ʦ֣롣½֮ڣ˴ϵ˼
Ͽ˵ͷһȥ
һһʮԭ䣬սŰʮ½ƿ¡̨ϵִӸ
½ƿæԼкƣȻôֵˣһҪսģȻԭʦܡ
½ƿһŽ̨
ɫڵһ°ɫĵӷͦΣһѽпؽҲ˱̨
½ʦָ̡֣±齣½ƿһ
Ȼ½ƿһʦ֣Ϊȴ½ƿ¸߳һС硣
½ƿ»һ񣬻γгסһ̣ĺȻƽһߵȥ½ƿУֻʣҪԵꡣ
ִ£ԭִ𡣳صĿкĶһ󾢷硣
ǽһϣ½ƿֻµҪſ¡
²ãһת⺮âƿգԭ䡣
½ƿѾεϪʽ
ԭ䲻ϢĻᣬһ½ƿæ൲ײʯײ֮
ת½ƿԭ䡣˼סΡ
һʱղ½ʦֵĽȻѾˣԭھȡ
Լ䣬Σ½ʦָ߳һС磬׾ֲ
ʱ½ƿתΪóһϪԭ䣬Ƭ̣ѾУֻĿϾӡ
½ʦԭô𡭡ΧⳡԵ૵
Ҳһţô
֪½ƿǰЩӲһʦܣǴܡԵԭصΪڱԿʼ֮ǰǶΪԼֻһʱ̣ⳡԾܽ
ڣ½ƿ¿ȥȻͱԼΪߵԭƾС
ϪɵĵӼֱԼ۾
̨ϣӰײһΪһƬҡ
䳡ѲӵļλҲɱⳡĿ⡣ǵΪڽ֮ϣӵıپҲѵܽǸȤʱ½ƿµĽλжֳζ
ǵľ磬ȻѴӽҳ
½ƿ²֪ⳡ˵Ĺעν֮ҵóϪصʱ𣬷â¶
յգǵ׺գЯɵ֮ǰ¡
û˱ֱԭܸ̺ܵѾڱ̨Եǵȥˡ
޿ˣֻܾٽӭȥ
ײһ漴Ȼըޱˣһʱ̨ϵΡ
Կڵķ𣬽ನڲ̨֮ˣ
ɢȥֻԭִڵأмǱ̧ͷվԭص½ƿ£ˡ
Ѿľһˡ
ԭ俪䣬ִӱҲ֮Ϫ½ƿʤ
Ȼ½ʦӮˡ
½ʦֵĽʵҾԭʦòԩ
ǰҼ½ʦ˱ԣûнƣô̶֮䣬ͽôࣿ
·ӵ½ƿؿԼɫ齣Ӯˣ
Ӯصԭʦܣ
һ̣½ƿ¸оһֱبԼϵļȻһɡӵһӿڣԴԴϵؾΪ߹һһˢϴ塣
½ʦҪˣ˾
½ƿ£ǣ塣Ѿͣһ࣬Ӯñ֮ڵͻƣ


14 
˭Ҳû뵽½ƿ¾ڽձ֮ͻء
֤ⳡԵļλ̾¶еο½ƿǸǰĺӣȻƽӹԴΪ棬ʮָˡ
һλ̧֣ΪϢ½ƿ³һܣⱻ˴ţƻס
ˣִӱҲŽһԡ
֮ӿ½ƿ¾ڣʱƣϵϢҲƽء
½ƿۣ³һ˷ܡ
ͻˣ
վִһ½ƿûж˵ʲôϽ±̨Լڱ̨ͻƣȴǵһԵĽС
ΧһϪɵĵԷΪÿһ·˵Ŀⶼ̲סϣ졣
ձƲ½ƿ£ȴó뻯ϪӮñԣβ˾ȡ
ǿΪ𣬵½ƿʵ֤ԼЩƫ㲻ơ
ЩﰵﳰЦΪ΢ˣʱ鸴ӡ
½ƿ߽ԭԽǰһ̧һ񣬿еʦ֣ĽΪ֮ܽ죿
˵ڣЩڣԼôǲЩð
½ƿµûʲôֻһλǰָҡ
ǰȺһܺ½ƿ¿еǰ˭
һλԣѵλ̫ϳϳָ㣿
ָ˽ϪģҲֻмλ̫ϳϰɡ
ţҲδˡԵİ׷Ҳͷͬ
ⷬδرڵӣЩ۵˲
ֲö̶ʱ֮ڣ½ʦܵĽ˽ԭǵ̫ϳϵϤָ㡣۲ѡ
Ǻã֮ӣƽӹҲ̫ܵϳָ㽣
ǼʣҲȥλ̫ϳǰ¶¶ԸԸָ㣿
˰ɣһأ˵̫ϳǵƢһһŹ֡
ۼ½ʦõϪʵڽ˾̾ʦֻ֣ҲȲϡΡʦ֣
˵ֵŮ꿴ͻȻһԳֵæ͵ʦ֣ҲǸ˼Ҳ˵㲻½ʦܡ
Цˣº֮ɫģƺȫղŵĻƿ½ǱУȷ࣬ȴæЩˡ
˵úϣеѾԼż֡
ڼŮԶɫ
սȭ֮ҲβסԼļޡ
½ƿ£ôã
Ϊʲôƾʲô
ƾʲô֮ӣԼȴҪؿϪɣҪܳΪͽõϿɡƽƽѰŵӶ磬ȴܱ̫ϳϿУָ㽣
Ϊʲôǰ߹Ľ뵤֣Ҳܺ𣿣

ôȵԼ
룬ʦصĵӣʱ½ƿ¸̫߳࣬½ƿôܱȵ
ҪϪɵ˿ֻϪһĵӣܹҫϪɵĵӣ
½ƿȫȻ֪룬һ˷ܵؿԺţ̫ͣިƽճǿ£һ̧ͷȻӰ
ǰӮˣ½ƿ¸Ӯ˱ԣҽջͻƵأ
ӮǰЩӵָ㣬½ƿµȻȲϢ
У̫ިɵЦ꣬ϺһɫĹΡ
ᰡ
δ꣬˼ϵᡣ
һǰꡣ
ʲô½ƿʶգҲ̫ިһ֡
ǰں˭ҲûȤ֡
½ƿ˰ΣŷӦ֣ػصǰ½ƿ£Ϫɵӡ
ǰô˵ϿԼǲԼӣ½ƿ̵
̫ިŮ۾һһǺˣҽ̫ި
ǡ½ƿЩãȻӦȻ˼ҲҶʡ
̫ިֻǿԼȴ˵½ƿ½ŵվֱеһ
ǰΪʲôôûʲôɣ½ƿ½ŵʿˮ
̫ިǰһֻһȻֱӹȥ
½ƿµͷԼ˫ȣһ֪Լԭôˡ
ΪԼȥĽڲĬһ˲̧ͷһֺõЦǰҴˣ˼ҵҪǧҪ
ôϴǶԵġ
½ƿµĻһڣ̫ިķȻĮ
֮󣬶ſһ˸ߵľʯ˼½ƿ˼⣬ʲôǰ
ȥǲ̫ף½ƿµ˵ʯķ˸ơ֮ԼȻҲ˲١
ʯͷǺ۰
һֻŵǽͷ䣬ߴ½ƿ¿ճһֻֽסƬ̺ɱɫ
ǰˣ½ƿתͷ̫ިµ
ûʲôã̫ިƳһۣҪǽʯͷ£͸òˡ
½ƿ»һæƣмǰ֮ıԣҾȻʦַͬһ̨
ӮΣͿܺʦֶϣ
ϱϡô㻹᲻ö֣̫ިʡ
Ȼǡ½ƿԽɥұţͻأŬŬ˵׼ܲμһյձȡ
ܽиΪһΡ
ڿֻǲˣϾôʤʦ֡
ΪβС̫ި϶¿΢΢𴽽ǡ
½ƿ¾ȵؿ
̫ި۽磬β²˹Ϊ֮
Ȼ뽫½ƿµ̤ʯ̫ި㲻˻ᣬúһ


15 
ľͰеˮð̫ި΢΢˶ָ⣬ֱߵĸɫֲˮС
½ƿ¿һʹȫҰ
СҲʯҵ㻨ǮΪЩҩգ۾ͻ˸⡣
ƫƫ̫ިڱȻﲻʲô
Żƽˮ𽥱ɫ
ȥ̫ިһ½ƿ£
½ƿʿˮҪҪٵȵȣ
ȥȷҪ
̫ިϻֵңûӦ㱻ӽľͰС
̣Ǻȴһס壬ûˮУá
Ϊ֮ӣ½ƿױҩ壬Ѱ֮ѾЧò
ò˵ʵƽӹЩ֣ǴС㾭δ壬ҲΪ㣬½ƿͻҲܼѡ
̫ިóĴ֮붫߳òͬڴط
½ƿǰղͻأ̶̼֮䲻ͻƣôҪʤصõķǴ塣
ƽľתķ̫ިٴοڡ
½ƿ²ҵˮУĻתķҩھת
崫һ˺ѵľʹҧǿнҩڣϸܺ顣
Ϫӣ½ƿʤ
սϪ½ƿʤ
Ϫ½ƿʤ

½ƿջؽ̧һʵĸо
Ӯˣ
ǰЩӣΪԼͬʦΪЦڣʤ峡ԣо߹Լͬš
½ƿ֪һж̫ިָ㡣
ǰҲ֪ʲô硭
ԭΪ½ʦ֮ǰӮԭʦֻ֣ðˣû뵽ԣҲһδ䡣Χ۱Եˣɸ̾
Ҽ½ʦܵܽϪ˵ز⼸λʦԩͽϳĵӵ
뵽ʲôȻ½ʦӮˣһԡǸֵˣ
˵ţ¶֮ɫ
ʦ֣˵½ʦҪǺϣûпӮ
еʦֳƬ̣ҡҡͷصľ磬ֻʱ⡣½ʦܵĽѾ˳Ҳ޷ֲСĲࡣ
Щʧ½ʦӮɾͺˣ
ͷʦĦԣɲΪ˺
̫ިϣһо۵ס
ڱ̨£ٴλʤ½ƿ£߹ºЦ⣬ǺΪʦܸˡ
ΪռıȻҲȫʤζţգ½ƿƱһԡ
ڶһ磬Ϫɵ䳡ϱ㼷ˣһûʲôڸе½ƿ¾ȻڱʤոҪһΪߵԣβ档
һ֮ӣһŵĵӣıԿɲ
һѾ֪ıԡ˶֪½ƿһǸҲǴմ֡
½ƿʱ򣬿ųбǰն˼ˣЩĿɿڴ
ôôˡ
½ʦˡǰ˺Ȼ˹
½ƿ¶ߣм㷲ǰȥ
û뵽½ʦ־ȻҪʦһսҲ֪ʦ³ŹУ
İɣ¿ŵķϣʦҲ̫ѿġ
˵½ʦӮأ
ʲôЦʦֿصΪ
½ƿ̾˿ʵҲԼӮˣҪֱ䣬Ҳ̫ûйˡ
˴ӱļ򣺡ʲô
ʦ֣½ƿתͷˣЩϲôˣ
Ȼıԡʦѵ¶ºɫ
½ƿºǽţֻƿ£һսֻȫԸ۽Σ黳
ص½ƿ£صˡ
ô˵½ƿҲЩͷʦַģһȫԸ
̨ϴִӵ½ƿһȺ
һϱ̨ս齣Щš
ʦܣ롪վ棬ϴһºЦݡ
Ȼ½ƿ·˺Ҳγ齣
ҲϪƵײһȻʵ֡
̫ިָĴ粽Ӵ죬½ƿնǵҪĽ⣬¡
ûи´Ϣ֮ƣ½ƿ˳㿪
̫ިҿɱĽø࣬տѲͬն
ֻûõģ½ƿ·ֳ齣ײһ𣬷̶
ֻһ飬½ƿµȻҪࡣ
ʱ½ƿ𿪣˺ɴתٴγ
Ϫڶء
½ƿ̫ިͬ˵Ļ
úÿõϪʲôͬ
ͬ
ĽˮĿ½ƿµϪ½֮״֮½ƿѧÿöࡣ
ǰ˵Ĳָͬʲô
½ƿͬϪӦԣӣǰ·硣
ôף½ƿ²ոͻأ粻ȣֱڣΪľǿĵ½ƿµ
½ƿ²֪룬ڳƿն֮ʣڷ̫ި˵Ĳͬ
ȻɫĽ⣬ֱֱҼλá
ôܡ
㶵ؿͣԼĿǰĽֻޱȻơ
ô½ƿ
ִӿһĻҲ𾪲ѡ½ƿµĽֻһǰܽⳡȻӮˡ
½ƿƺҲԼӮˣЩ޴ջؽʦ֡
ٲ˿Ц⣬ս˽ֻ½ƿ´ʱľޱȴۡ
һȣȻٴγ
һƬȻҪʲô
סִ֣æȵѾ̫ˡ
ն£½ƿһŴ˲Ϣ֮䣬Ѿִֻ൲

ײ֮£齣Ȼ۶ϣŶϽ½ƿ±
½ƿ²̫࣬һжϽˤڵأ½ƿ½ػࡣ
½ƿأҲˤڵ棬һɳǱ
ƽѷȵһһſڵϣ̧ۿǰ˵½ƿ£Ҫҧһ
ôܣ
ܣ
½ƿеĽǱдƷô۶Լ齣ŵģԼǰѲдƷ
ֺʱõ֣
һƽصΪΪλ½ƿ¡
ҵ½ƿ²мΣǹˣֻ⼸ձǰָ㣬вףγϰߡ
ʦ֣û°ɣ
ã
ƫƫʱ򣬱̨·ȴȻһ½ƿ·ŵķɴ䣬̲סֽкá
ֻھ٣͵һѪ


16 
ʵںңʱȴͬⳡʤѷ֣ʦٶ֣񲻾͵Ϯ
֪ԼѾ˻Ҫ֣ǾǾȡˡ
ҿ䲻𣡡걧֣¶ֲмǸССˡ
ô˵ģʦһѰͬţʲô⣬Ҳָ㡭ƽõ̲סΪ粵
Ϊŵӣƽػ½֮ˣϪв˶ùôʱȻΪ˵
ûʦֲˣʲôᡭ
ǺЦô˵½ʦ֣ܳʲô᣿ⲻ䲻ʲô
˵۾ϹˣԲſϿʲô
㡪
صΪȴոͻص½ʦ֣ʦֵʵʵ
ʤܱǳ£˱ˣĽֱ½ʦҪӦʱֻ·ˡ
ʦֻһʱʤУŻ³ç֣Ҳ̫ɡ
һԼʦܣ˭Ҳ׽
ƽ̴ȴ½ʦ´֣ҿ³çǱ¶
ƽռ½ʦܹػ¿Ҳδȫġ
ſڵϣ̨µУս֣շķӪȫ£ºʹȵ󣬽վĿ֮±Լˡ
ٺãҲ޷ֲ֮¡
ҧ½ƿôʤԼͻذˣ
ѵ̫ϳϵָ㣬ãΪʲô½ƿֻǻ޷˵
̨ϵִӴʱһ£½ʦܷӦʱӮ˱ԺˣԼִӵĹʧˡ
üһִۣӸ սϪ½ƿʤ
仰½ƿʶſڵϣþû֪Ϊѿ
ͷ֮ʱҲ̧ͷ
һ˲½ƿԼչ˹ĵʦУ˺εɱ⣬ǡһˮͷ¡
Ե£Ѿ޷رܡղţʦʵɱԼɡ
⼸գǰָ֮ǰԼӦøܶ㿪
½ƿԭأƽʱȥˣڣȴ񱻶סһá
Ϊ½ƿ¶ֻʣԹһֻǵʱʲôҲ
ĿɨΧһɵӣ֪ʲôվ±̨
ƿΧ۵ϪɵӣʲôҲû˵Ǳ뿪䳡
½ƿ¿ıӰҲûбȡʤϲãֻʣһƬԵĸӡ
Զ֤ⳡԵļλϱ˴˶һۣ̾Ϣһ
УȫȣѰͬţȫͽһƺţֻǽ֮£ȴ⼸λϿص档
վԱߵʦּ½ƿûˣ˿ղֵʱλֹ½ƿ·ӦʱԼ㻯ⳡΣ
뿪ıӰʦԽ࣬λһתŴȥ
ʦһϯ½֮ʧֽյϣβˮɽ顣
ʵڲԸţ¶꣬Լ̵ֽ¡
ԸΪͽΪʳڣٳҲȲôµ½֮ĺӣͽܾ
½֮֮ѡΪʱϪɵ½ƿ¹á
½֮Ϊ׵һ˽ġ
ȴû뵽
ƽ̫עصнȴĥԡ½֮̾һʡ
½ƿºչˣΪŵӣһʦʦҲѰ½֮ʵڲԸķ򴧲⡣
е̳ȴڱƿ£һʱܲҲ֮顣
ʦͽ縸ӣȻ£ûеҪʦŵĳ̶ȡϾ½ƿûˡ
½֮漴۵Ӵӽھҿ£˼
ζţдȣ޷õλϵָ㣬ʧȥڼºǰڲߪԳԵĿܡ
ھҿ޵ȻҲϾִвȨҲһϦʧ
֮£½֮ЩʧĵӣȻû뵽½ƿ¾Ȼڴʤֱο֮ºƿµȷǱУ˺ܴ档
ȸӹƶˣڿлһߡϪɽУˮڶϣ̫ިˮжˮһһɫ⣬ɷơ
µһʣˮƣáƻڿУ̫ިС
ǵƻСӡ󱳣漴ȥй⻪
̫ިۣ֮Ӧ㹻ڵڤѹƽꡣһľɫмֲ԰ס
̧߳ůȪ̫ި壬˲˸ס
ص½ƿµĵӾʱľ⣬һ겻ꡣ
ˣ̫ިʵ
ǰ½ƿŻعæһ񣬡ûСӮˡ
Ӯ˱ԣô⸱顣̫ިֵ
½ƿ˼ңȴֲ֪ͬ˭˵˸ߵĶ󣬱㽫һԶ˵˳
ʶ꣬ǹչ˵ʦ֣Ȼɱģ½ƿµȻãίⲻһԶѡ
½ƿ¾ȻⳡзĲ⣬̫ިü⵹ʡࡣ
л󣬱ȥһ飬뵤ңǱ˭ֽš
ǰ˼ǣǲ⣿½ƿ¾վ
̫ިһۣ߹õֲȫ֮Ǻε⣬ŻὫ
ô߹֮£Ҳʦйأ½ƿ¼ѵ˵ѵôһΡ
½ƿ²ţڵУǰȣܾ͵ˡ
ѵʦʱ򣬾Ͷɱ⡭뵽½ƿɫҰס
ûף̫ި׭Σ֮ʱ˷ɵֽʿһ
ΪޣգҲǿŷ׭
ǿΪԼҪ죬һֱ½ƿߡһ½ƿ¶÷׭ȻӦ
½ƿæҵؽӹ׭ǰǡ
Ҹˡ̫ި졣
½ƿҲ֪һֱָԼȻ˵Ϣǲеʧ䡣
ԵԻټ̫ިɫѵЩպúУи
ǣһǰ˼ҵ½ƿѵ˵ʱܵ
̫ިٴλΪһƬĮǽڣöЩࡣ
ЩۣŮϣҸסͷ.µëɫѩ׵Բ͵ش˸ǣ뽫ϲ˦ȥԼִ򲻹ĽֻǱһ١
̫ިΪʡЩʯ˳·ڵץֻ
ľҶ⶯ʱһӰ˳һһǰ
Եɴۣæס㡣սǰͣڿУֵʾס
̫ިÿңֱԼǰ꣬΢΢ü
ڵΪܳɣ
һ߽ۣһ͵͵̫ިķӦеѣңǲǸá˼˼


17 
̫ިӼһɵġ
ڵϽ۵꣬˹ǣָԱã񿥵İһ˻ӳȥ
¥û뵽Ӧæһն㡣
ͷ˵ɽµŮ޶ôϵλײУˤڲݴһҶ̧ͷ˼
̫ިתӸµؿҿֵǺȴƲˡ
¥û뵽ԼһɾӲӣͷվ̾˿ͷƭʯ治ס
Ҳûģɽ˰ײͣŤŤд֣µһ㡣
µһǺܴ󣬲ֹ˼꣬Ȼûг̫ިǰһҺֲµ꣬۵ֳϷЦ⡣
ѣ𣿡¥ԼΪذһԼͷҺģ
̫ިЦһȡһʯ˹ȥ漴ȥ
ѣ㲻һԣ¥סʯıӰɤʵ
ˣѾˡ̫ިûлͷ
ˣ¥ͷ˵ôһⲻǻûʼ𣿡
벻׾Ͳˣ¥һĴϲ̵ؽʯʯڿȥԶٺõˣǳԹ˱Լɽ
Ѿٹȣ¥ҲίԼͷ
̫ϣ֮ʳעһ̫ϲǣ֣ҪòĸΪȡ֣ި
Ϲ۵˳˿ײڳſڰ̯ɹ̫µŮ˵
һպϾֻ̫ި
չ֮£̫ިЦ
ɴһںϣ۲ˮ棬֦ʹʸ
ǰ˴кΪķˣи̤֮;ɢޡ
ǾÿһδɽͽĴ£ζǰһԣ޵ɣѰ˶ԣܳһʿԹҫˡ
Ҫ뾵ڣǧߺµʿû㹻ն˺г궼оڵ˶ˮ
ڴʱһӻȻǰΧס˶ɿڣκ̤񷤡
ȺһɫŮһ껤ǰ߰
ǺⰡһԶŮǰĴ帾ϹֺõЦСʵ
ŮƵؿһֻۣȺиС͵˱壬ڱҵ֮ǰ˭Ҳߣ
£һƬҵ
ô
ҿû͵ʲô壡
ڵԾҪʼˣȥ˿ôǺá
㶪壬Ҳûʸﲻߣ
ÿ
ڶɿڵؽ֮дǷˣΪȻߣЩΪĻҲʲô
̫ިƬ֮УǣԴˣֱȥŮɫ԰ף䵭üãҲû˸ҽĿⳤפ
һµĻǰվס
̫ިָ΢һһʱֻúסΡ
ͣڸ˶ˮľǰˮ
ΪֻܿŮ˶µæͷ
Ůˣյ콫£
ڵĻ棬ת̫ިҼץȥ
㿪ƿնֱҪһ٣òȥ
Ů˶ţָʹΧһڻסûҵ壬˭ߣ
˹ļֻش˸ǣΪҳ׳һС񷤣۶ǿϷ˷ܡ
ҷֱסĻ̫ިָһҷתǡòסתЩڵĻ㱻ˡ
һֱŮû˵΢ЩΪĶ֡
Ůκβ̫ިɿ꣺壬
˵͵ԼС
ҡҡͷС㣬ԴСɲʲô¡
Ϊһֵͨͨʵڲء
Ů϶߷תȻͲ󣬵ֻһҲ졣
ԭƽĺȻһȦһȦòЩģˮӺһԾų̫ި
鵭лһ׭ˮײ֮ʱɫ⣬ŵˮǰ鿪ΪˮΡ
ˮξֹڿУ̫ި΢΢˶ָ⣬ˮ£ƫеؽŮһͷһ
ŮĨһϵˮûܹί
֪˭𣿣ҵƼҼ㾹Ȼңָ̫ިһͣ˷Ц
ΧȺдЦ۾ȥƼҵƣԭ͵Ц˸Ͻ˱顣
ƼϪһңΪƼҼĶŮܾ谮߰
ҲɸЦ⣬ѵüѾͷϳô
ʲô˵˴˴ľִѾŰµŮΪ׵µأڣԴ򶷣
˹죺ֻҶ˵壡
üͷһֽۣĿͶһԵ̫ި
Ŀӵһ̣һ漴̧ʦ㣡
ʦ㣿
һͬǰھڵ˳Ŀ⿴ȥڿ̫ިòʱʱΪ֮һ
ȻǴʦ㣡
ڳ̫ިΪޣΪƽͽ˱Ҫһʦ㡣
ҵȼʦ㣡ľڵ빪


18 
һھڵӶŮ΢΢Χ˶һȡ
Ҳŵؿ̫ިȻǾڵӣʲôʦ㣿
ǾڵĴʦ㡭᲻Щ飬ƼңھǰҪ֡
ղΪ̫ިֻǸɢ޻ˣڵӳһʦ㣬֮ǰ±㲻ˡ
̧ߵ̫ިߣܵײµĺۼ΢΢üʵʦ㣬ô£
һ˫۾壬гսγɵı롣
Խƽӣ츳׿ʮʮ꣬ڵΪ䵭Ȼʦͬţ̫ިĹϵҲƽ
̫ި̧񷤣ָÿֵԣֺõ߲˲䡣
˷ӦԽüͷøˣϾδ̫ި䵭̬ԡ
ˣ᲻˿һӦò֪Ҳᱻˡ
ڵִʦˣôźã
ԶԶ˴˶֣ȴ֪ڵĴʦҲС
ҾҶ˵壬ǾҲøС͵аɣᡣ
Խ䵭⸱ָʹģʵںøУҾڵ£ֲ๡
㡪üô˵ģ֪ҵ˭𣡡
ҵƼҼûˣ
潿ݵĴС㣬仰븸סһоڵӣжЦ
һֱ갴סļֹ˵ȥ
ǰһЦҼС㶪壬ۼ˻ȺУŲΧסֻ·뿪ð˹ڴʦ㡣
ֱȭ̫ި񣬻Ѽ¡
̧һۣ̫ިԼݴۣˮɡ
ƿˮ棬΢°ɫȹǷѻɫĳɢڷУϴʼնʲô顣
꿴Զȥ񷤣΢λڴʦ㣬ǺЩ˼
ԽĬԣֻڣ˵ȷпԭֻǾڣ˷Ƶ˵ҲеҾڲƷе֮£λʦƲ֮ĵӣƵ͵ˡ
ˮӸߴ׹䣬ˮɽг߮չҫĿʡµΪˮǾƽճ֮
ʱΪƽ̵䭣ڸ١
ɽȪ죬绷ţˡ
û˵ֱ棬ֱգΪ䭵һɫ衣
Σ䭲źȲ裬ԼĵЦ
һµĺòüĿʣ
ʦȻǼõġصɣҲֻܿһ伫ˡ
Ҳ⣬һڲ裬Цʣƽպʱµʲô£
ŵʦ𣬴ʦ𣿡
䭶һ٣ȻЩ⣺ˣ
ɵʦ֪ôִ˵Ƕʦˮص
ԣ̫ިص֮ӦһʱݼΪʦ䭡
䭷вյȻԹ
Щӡ
ǰôƺ֮£Ǩŭ˴̫ި˵ĻЩˡ
ҹΪˣȴϾ˼̫ިµ˼ʱ
תΣΪ̫ިȴŴҴҶ
䭺Щֲʵû뵽̫ި˽뿪˾ڡ
̾˿ߵߣЩ˵嵱顣
һŵ״ӣҰ׹ˣ˾ƽ̣Ҳδ飬һедʱ䶼š
ǡŲã̫ި£䭱㽫鶼á
̫ިΪʦΣɹԾҵҵΡ
Ϊŵ䭣̫ި뿪֮󣬱㱻ڵĸռʱ䣬˵Ʒ裬ĹҲʣ
û̫ިΪ䭲ʶ⾵ʵûǰɡ
ǧͷӷǸɢӣǼչǿ಻ԡ
һʱ֮䣬ҲڶԼ񡣶ʿԣǱвҪ£Ը˷ʱЩϵ¡
䭳ϪŴϣȥУǲĹǰԽѡ
֮󣬶Լƹ̫ި⸴ӡǰЩ־ܽС£ᵽЩСеĲס
Լһʱ鼱˵õȷЩ֣䭱Ϊ̫ި⣬Ͼ񡭡
̫ި˾ڣȴδǰݼ䭣лδͻ
ͷЩЩӣ̲סǳꡣ
䭻عȻˣȥݰɡ
߰ǰ̫ިǾڴʦ㣬ʱҲ̫ިУݡ
䭵ݡ
ǡ
˵ʦˣ
ʲôʱģôû˵
ǽ죬ƼҵСݼƽ̣붪壬Ųúߵ˶ˮִȥ˭ÿ˴ʦ㡣
һһֵǰߵ˶䣬ʦˣ
úõģȥʲôصΪʲôġ
˵ϻؾΪʦ㣬ʦŻƺˣ뿪ڣǲΪ顭
üͷ
ǰס˵򣺡ô˵ʦԼ˽ԴƺأʦΪ˾Žȥģ
ȻЩлֲһˣԼ˴ʦĺôȻܿ
ߵֵҲǻ԰ں˵˵ʲôôִܹʦ㣡
ʦ֡˵ڨڨؿҷϾڵлЩġ

ʦ˵ǣ˵ˡ
ʦĻˣҲǷϻֱʵ
һ˵˵ͷͬסһԺʦܽԽʦѲߣۿˡ
Ļˡ°ͣ૵
˻֣ˣ߰ɡ
Զ˵ļŵӲŵʦʲôʱôάʦˣ
ʦ𣿡
˸æĽŲʦ֣˵ȥ÷𣿡
ݡʦˣҵȻҪȥݷ
룬ϴϸо˴ӴʦԺӡµٸƺ󣬾ȻԶܸ֮ܵͻȻɶˡ
öãԼܽ
ҪݡʦָԼһ
ЦŹ𻨸С̵˵ʦ֣Цú͵˼Ļǡ
ͷϱĳһͷϣ᲻˵
׳ǣ


19 
ٴϴ䣬ʱһһ
̫ި£˫΢أжϴӿڣˢž
ǱڰĺȴֱԿڵѹơ
ڤĿ֮ڣж֮˹һ壬ΪںҲӾ硣ǻܣҲ޷Ϊڤ⡣
ϮͲͨÿÿת֮ҲᴫǺ⡣Ҳ̫ި֮ǰͣ޷ͻƵԭ𽫺ѹƣʱ㲻͡
ԺԽŨµ˦˦ë
̫ިվ̧ȥһǰϵϢҲأء
ˮɫӳԶɼɽӰʱδ磬ϲٵ䣬֦ȸ֮
ٹϼգҪġ
ԴԴϵ˷۶̫ͣިܣŨüҪʵʡ
֣ôˣͣסһãȻ
Ҳоˣ
ŮڣΧͷ
쳣Щŵ̺棬໥һۣղĵطȥ
ලеʦҲڣ͵͵Ҳû˻֪
ϵҲ֪쳣λͬҪˣ̧ȥ
Ӻ̫ިٷذ죬ܱŨҪʵʵơ
ⲻǴʦ𣿣̫ިŮʧе
ǴʦҪˣ꿴һۣ˵ʦֻصΪ𣿡
ôܲŲ£Ҫˣ
ûɣŮǰ˻Ρ
ŮûĿ֣أǴʦ㣬д
ѵʦʱʲôôͻ
˵ʦ㶼һˣû뵽һͻƾҪӦһİɣ
˵ʦΪݣԲܱƽΪӵġ

һȺŮֻ࣬ѼӡǻЩִ磬̫ިһξ룬
Ůһæʦ㣡
ŵҲβػʦĸ֡
ǵ˵ͷĿߣȻԣȴǾȣʦһ࣬û뵽ڴ˴֮Ҫˡ
֪ʦк棬ʱȻǺʱܳһ˴̫ިס
ŨüҪΪʵʣվڸľŵӶ̲ס̧ͷܸ֪ԴԴϵ˴۶
һŵ϶ֳ֮̾飬֮ǰҲʦʦȲϽյĳ档
˶˵λʦƽӹǺƽһݣܰ¡
ǰһָôͣ
ˮΪӿ̫ިܣеתȫۣΪһ塣
ķˮϣں֮Ȼ档
ɫϼʣ㱼䣬кХ
ϼ̫ިϣ۽޺ȾһؽâۣذǷɣҪȥ
һʱ䣬Ŵϵ˶󿴵
λʦʦˣ
ϼ󣬾Ȼʦ֮ʱƸ󡭡
ʦÿҾһ츳ڵĵӣ˭Ტۣ
̫ިջ֣һźˮķ漴ΪΡ
ǰһϣʦ㣬ϲ
ߵŮҲæ̫ިһݣشʦ
̫ިĿһӶ漴𽣺л
ʦ㲻ؿ𽵱Ȼ֪лʲôҡҡͷ
ԼΪʦ㻤Ӧ
һŵںؿ̫ިʵں֪ʦôڶ̶¼ʹؽֲóȻǰ
̫ިҲ࿴һ̧ۣתˣæȥ
ʦ㡭ԥػһ
̫ިûлͷ¡
£Ҳˡ
ǡʦһʦ㡭СĵشŴǣʦ£ʦҲΪģˣȥݼʦΣ
ʦݼøʦ̨£ǰֱԾȥʦͽ֮䣬α˽ֲ¡
Ļ̫ި鲻䣬ֻΡ
һ죬ȫû뵽̫ި˵ʦ˵ǽԶԡ
Ȼˣȥɡ˵ʲô̫ިֵ
ЩΣʦ㡭
̫ި󣬻ǲϷȰʦ㣬ʦµУһȥɺã
á̫ިԽ䵭
ˣ𽲻ĵ̾˿ʦһǻΪϴεһʱΪѣСʦ˽ƺһ£ʦȷвԣʵʦӵͷĵ
ʦ㡭
̫ި̤ţ˵ʲôϻͷƽûȥˡ
վ£һ̧ͷ˫òκθۣеĻ˺С
ʦ㣬ǻΪʦϴεĻ𣿡̲סʵüĿ档
̫ިĿ⣬ֻ˵һ֡
еʧһʱһϣһһΣС¶ѻġ
̫ިҲΪȻΪͽǳԱ⣬չʦܽһͬʡ
ʱ̫ˡ
ȻʲôҲ˵̫ިıӰþòܻ
ʦ񣬺ʹǰȫһˡ


20 
Ʒ֥ǧƷʯ
Ʒݣǧ߰Ʒʯ
ƷྣһǧƷʯ

߱Ǿ۷ҩֲȱֻ֮ﱻпյסڿУɼϹ⻪ת
̫ިһȥϲκα飬ܺãЩֲûһġ
߰ȫЩ߲Ʒ黨ݷУڣЩֲҲֻԶۣɽˡ
֪֣ʮʯ
̫ިĿСյеʮ֣۵׺Ȼһ̡
΢΢üЩǡ
ʮߵ֣ûԥֱһ
ٵʯҲûʲôá
СյΪ촷ɢȥ̫ި̧֣յӱС
ʶ̽ȴȫûʲôȻ̫ިǰɲѧҩҩ
ӣת߱ȥ
ڣҪ뷨׬Щʯ
紵֣沨ԣСԺеܱãɫĻԺǽϴ䣬òݱҡ
°ĶϷ˱֣ʻپȻ
̫ި̧ͷûмǴ֣ǵ顣
ʱʦľϣǸм㡣
ǺĲҽԺڴ˼
һһ˵ʦ֣ϻƨ.ɲƨ.Ҳһ
ôֻ֪ô˥ȻΪʵ
ô˵ӣ׷øˡ
̫ިһתͷ㿴Լ౧ͷܣ׷һֻԡ
̫ިץֻԣȻʱ˵ȴʵʵ硣ˣȻĶ֡
̫ިǣæ󣬶׷ʹҲ͵ֹסӣµת˸
ʦ㣬ˣµؿԵıӰһֺõض̫ި
̫ި΢΢üʲô
ԣԴǵʦǸģҲðʦ㡣
˵ţһ߻֪ʲôֵܣ䣬ʦǸ
ãȻؿüŪ۵ʾ⣬ڷӦŵܵܵͷһ̫ި˸
ʮغʦ㣬Ǵˣ
ȻǴǰղٸ׽Ū̫ިȻʰԼ
ڣǼ鼴
̫ިһۣûȤϻ̧Ժȥ
æֱʦ㣬߰
׷̫ިߣʦ㣬㿴ҶôϿҵǸˣָָܲҵ󷨰
ϴ޸ĵٸ̫ˣʦ㣬㻹᲻󷨰
ôسϴˣԭ
ʦ㡭
ʦ㡭
ʦ㡭
䷳̫ި߶ţȫûбĴ㡣
ϻֻ࣬ٺõƢҲ̲ˣο̫ިƢáͣ½Ųһӣ޷ͷ˳ȥ
ͷתֵϣ̫ި˳ֽҲ˳ȥ
վҪţߵſھͱһõ˼
óһƬ⣺ʦ֣ʦ뿴㰡
ӣһԾǽͷɲ׷ʦ㣡
̫ިŴǽ̽ͷָ꣬һ˫֣ͷȥ
Ҳģӵٴǽͷ

̫ި֪ٴοͷǽͷɵЦʱɸеһͷۡ
ּһʯͷпһ󷨡
ǿʯͷͷϣ̫ި䵭ѧ
ʶ̽ʯͷУȻпԿµơ
áøӡ
ͷתջʶʲô󷨣ôƺٸ˲ֹһ
ʦǴӦָˣ̵ʯͷǽ̫ިһ񣺡ʦģһúУ
ʦ֣ΪʲôһҪʦָ󷨰Ĳ̫ףԳҲ󷨣Ϊɱȴʦ߶ˡ
һ֪ʲô
ʦֻ޸ƾͽάҪҲ࣬ԳҲ¶
뿪󣬱ڰ̫ިۣʱԺִһݣ
ۣϲκα飬ſԺȴɴ˸£ŲŲ
Լʮ£һɫȹѣɫ̫ިĿдżָ߸ϵӡ
Ůһֵƣݡֻϼūѡ
䭵СʱСݫi㽫Լ̷ū˾̴չ
ݫiĸһĸֵͬܣݫi֮ĸʦ㣬ϵĹϵΪУݫiҪһ常
˾̴ɨ̫ިһذ׵ĵӷƬ̺ڣҪ㡣
֮⣬Ҫ̫ިǰȥݼݫi
ݫiʱĸ˫Լ常׽ʱСס
º̫ިȴҲ
˾̴ΪԼˣ̲סüͷ˵ʲô
̫ިЦЦؿ񣬾˻Ҳˣ
㡪˾̴յϸһ㱡죬ݣǲԼݣ
Ҳ㲻ģ
̫ިĮ񲻹ʮ꣬δɣ֮˾̴Щ˾̴£ƽֱӵĸо
ʲôͬ˵̫ިǰһʣϼū
ǰ˾̴һĪ⣬̲סһʶԼʲô˾̴գԼȻẦݣ
˾̴߳ŭݣԭҲߵĽ̰ˣʩôܰ뾵ڣƽͽ
ˣݼңнգ
ʮǰ׵ݫi˳УѩмһûյӤΪȡݡ
Ϊݫi̳꣬ݫi͵ڣƽ£Ӵ˾ڵӿеĴʦ㡣
ڳ˵ʦ֧ݲŵ԰뾵ڣȴ֪ԭֻϽ̰ˡ
˾̴ΪµˣУݫiһҲΪݲܰ뾵ڣΪŵӡ
Ĵǽλܱ
̫ި߹һĨζЦ⣬һоǶ飬һıأ
ݫi˵ڤΨл񾳽ϵʿܰ⺮ʱʹ࣬óξƽ̵常ͬ⣬Ϊӡ
ʱݵ̫ި꣬ūݽ棬ݫiȴΪȫıܲм
˶˵Ųߣ⻰һ㲻


21 
ݣڵһвʩҪ㣬㾹ȻҾܾ˾̴һһ䣬ϡ
ֻ̫ިʱ۵״żԼĶ⡣ͬūͣƾʲôܰ뻯£һֵ
Լߵʱã
ԼĻᣬ塭
˾̴۽޲˲ѵؽͷѹ£̧ͷ̫ިȥ
˵ţ̫ިץ
Ȼ˲ʶ̧٣ͱԼˣ
Ϊݫi̷Ů˾̴ʵȻԴ࣬һǰ
˾̴ʽȫȻûֵĴ㣬ת˲֮䣬ֱҪ̫ިϡ
̫ިȴûж΢һָʱһػ˾̴Ѩλ
˾̴ͫ΢⧲֮䣬Ȼתһ飬αֹסȥƣһ²ŵվȡ
㾹Ȼˣ˾̴̧ͷŵؿ̫ި
ֻصΪ𣬺ʱˣŽģֻһˡ
˾̴оɫܣ
ôǰǸûõķ
˾̴ҧҧٴηϡ
̫ިվ£΢䡣̧֣ȿֺĻ۶һӣǿϯɫܻ֦ͷζţҡҡ׹
˾̴صˤڶ⣬Ѫڣûܻ
ͷվһ̧ͷԶԶ̫ިĿ⣬һĪ״Ŀ־塣
ӳ³㹻˾̴ЩѵóȻ֡ԭشƬ̣תʱķȥ
ľӴΪ¥µⲻԶ˾̴ʱݫiŮԶ΢Ц˵Щʱշĸ¡
˾̴ݫiһ
һ˻̲ס¶ɻЩֵصʦأ
ʦǰղѾ
˾̴ͷԸ
ãȻΪʲôÿʦʦ㲻Ƕܸ𣿡
˾̴ûлشݫiһۣ˶ˣ
һæ״˵ʲôӲŻᡭ
ݫiĻ常ĵӣʲô๡
˾̴ίԼΪݫiǰȴҷֻܵͷϴ
ʦ֣˾̴Ҳǹģͱѵˡץ½˾̴ھڳȻͬѰ
겻ʮ꣬ϴżʲôҲ˲̿
ݫiû˵ʲôֻ˾̴°ɡ
ֿʦ֣ʦ㲻ϳţѵˣ
дżеĹġ
ݫiЦЦºͣҲδˣǲŻЩˡһҴȥǡ
˾̴վڴ¥ЩؿԶֱһŲŻع
æ
ݫiֶһϮ˳ȾӺݡ
ռݣʲôͬ
˾̴û̧ͷֻصѾˡ

ݫi֪뵽ʲôɫһ˾̴ʲôת⣺úչ񡣡
˾̴Ӧǣɫһ
ݫiʱ̫ިڻ£ϷѤõܴ䣬ĵɫԽԲ԰ס
ڤգ̫ިָҲ˾⣬չ£ķɫ԰׵ü͸
ݫi̤һ̣̫ިѾۡ
ʱ߰꣬ٴμʱݫi
þҪڣòһ£Ե
֪ΪΣ̫ިһ̣Ȼ˾㸲գǳ˺ܾõĴѩ
ݡݫiͣǰЦ
̫ި̧ͷȴû˵ֻһƬ䵭µĮȻ
ݫiοȥЩϴǳЦ⣬˫ۿ˭ʮ顣
Ҳ磬̫ި֪ǿѹΪݫiѽᵤ
ΪҪѹƾ磬ȻΪڱĳ˶Ϸ½ġ
չӻ©£̫ިϣü۵Įɽ֮겻ıѩ
ݫiԣڿ̫ިĵһۣ֪յ쳣
ϴһҲ¶ѡôʲôԵʣܽһ˵ڶ̶ʱ˴ת䣿
δϲݫi̫ިĿ⣬Ц΢񡣡
ڴʱöлǡ̫ިҲ˴ǣȴЦ⡣
ǰݣݫi˵ػһ
ݫiЦһ٣Ȼ̫ި֮⡣
ʮǰһԷϪΪ̿ͽɱ˫˫ΨƴŵŮӹһ١̫ިվл
ڴʱݫiЦҲɵ
ʮǰݫiĸЯŮң;Ϊ̿ͽɱ˸ϵ֮ʱ޶Ȼ䣬Ψ귽ŮдһϢ
Ȿ̫ި֪£ݫiĸ粢ʲô˲õĴϪȻڲݣټ㲻ʲôˡ
ʮ֮󣬳׺ѣѾûж˻ǵõ귢׮¡
ҴгΣ˵ڤƴ̿ͣʮǰݼǡ÷һйصĽɱ̫ިЦһϵɺϣʵںܶడ
ɺϵǣеģǡǡҲڤ
ݫi˵ڤԳǱڣ˲Ȼ޷
ʱݣĻŲɡ
ֱ֪ܶΪ֮ڤ˻ס֮ڱ򺮶С
Ŀײ̫ިݫiǰ˿·硣


22 
ݫiвδֳʲô֮ɫȻȷ⡣
ǶĴ̿֯أݫi֪ڤ֮£ҲΪԼк
У֪ڤģ֮ˣĴԼС
ݼңҲֻݫiΪݼҼ游֪ڤйء䭣ҲֻΪڤ̫ިһֹŹֺ
ò˵誵ʵںܺáԼΪпɣ̿ͲɱڤԦʹ游˼ʱϵ䲻ݫiĸдһϢ誡
ֻڤ֮ˣ޽ҩעҪؿԼ츳ΪʳսΪˣѪҲ
ݫiôܿԼ䵽³ֻڤ׻⣬㲻Ϊƴ̿͵ҩ
游伮ҵһڤ
ʩչͱΪɺ
޹֮壬ûκʣ⣬δ޵֮·ضһƬ̹;ӵ޹֮ˣΪɺõ
Լˡ
ʱݲ꣬Ҫ֪޾Ϊʵںܼ򵥡
˯գʱΪ֣ϢҲżֺ⡣
Ϊ޹֮壬ڤ壬Ҳһֻÿ¶֮ܺࡣ
ɺ֮£ݫi游ûе֪誡
ãݫiȥ˾ڣԼ常ƽ䭣ԭ̵߽Ϊӡ
Ψл񾳽䭣ʱݼʹࡣ
ݰһУǷϴԭūֻͣݫi˾ڴʦ㣬ƫƫǸΪµķܽ˲ۺ졣
Լã϶дݫiǰػһ
ֻǵݫiΪ벻ֻ̣һıˡ
ļıգЮ
ݫiδʮ꣬Ѿ
紵ͥУ֦ҶO@죬һ̣о˵ĺ
ǴӺδ֪ݫiЦⲻģʵ
ȻЩ⣬Ҳ޷ʲôȿǺĽҲǷϵһöѡ
һ¡̫ިдżģվݫiԶ
֮£ֻҪͲܺ޺ۼݫi߹ܺµˣҪܰڳһд
ʵŻ
ʼգ֮䣬ǳŪĵưˡ
ݫiʱЩӣǰŮʶõݣֱˡ
ǲˡ
ݫiͷһǽܣް֪˵£Щֻ֪ʲô
ʮ꣬ݫiҲüǵǳϪĴɱ
Ѫеĸĸɫ԰ף彥ϱ˪ãΪԼ
ʮˣɱĸԾɻӺյһܣ˾
ɱ֮𣬲죬Ψг˵ѪܼȪ֮ĸĸ
չ֮£ݫiٲκЦ⣬վԭأþûж
ھλñƫƧƽ˴̫࣬ިΪԼܵ徲ڶһ磬ˡ
ԺУһȴ̫ިӰ
ʦ㣿΢΢ȴûеõӦ
̽ʶ֪̫ިλãƹ¥ˮһȥ
ѾЩĿŮɽʯϣڷζ£΢ۣ˯˹ȥ
ĳס˳۽ͶһƬӰذ׵ȹɽʯɢһ仨
ˮն𣬻ޣ¥
𽲻ֹס˽Ųؿź״һʱЩز
ԼȫȻõ˾ϸġ
Ų̫ިۣīɫ˫ס۵˲䣬¥ˮ˲ϢɢɢС
ʲô䵭
̫ިǵԼжôʶ
ĻŻع£ʦ㣬ѾΪβȥøļ¼
е󣬶߱һֵһǧƷʯµıʦѵ𣿡
̫ިȷˣԣЩǷ߰ǰ£ôܻǵ
ֻһǧƷʯϵƷ黨Ҳ¡
̫ިȤȱȱ𽲻ɵʦûҪĶһöӽᵤʵҺҲð
Ҫͻƽ𵤣ֺ̫ިϲʲô顣
Ϊֻת⣺ʦ㣬㻹ûɣҪѾһǡ
Ǿڼеʵ֮ʮأԵеһΪԽһأҲԽࡣ
ǰ̫ިҲء
ΪߪԽʦΪеӣ˽ܹͣʮأܱƽնƷݣܹʮء
ݣ
̫ި΢
ΪֻζѰҩһ¯ʿʵתȴа
µҩΪתһתͣתƷߡ
̫ި֮ʦϵҩ֮һ
߰ǰʵĵҩ٣ƷҲתƷԽߵĵҩҩֲƷҲԽߣһöҩҪǧʯܵá
֮£תȴаЧûϼ֣ΪҩѲࡣ֮ãһöȴаҪʯѡ
̫ިǡǡȱľʯ
߰ɡ̫ިվȥ
ϽĽŲʦôͻȻ⣿ſȥȤȱȱ


23 
ൺھ棬⣬Ҳƺڡ
̲꣬΢Ժذȹǡ
һ񷤶ˮ򾵻ڶޢ껪Ůס˫֣ϣáʹһֲ£ҲòŮ˫ᣬǰŽ»꣬ƲסĿ־
ͼ׷ŵЦ̸Ůд˼ֵ⡣
Ȥڴ˷㲻һ
һŮһм̷ү񻹲ϡ
ŮۣԸ
вˬסŮ°ͣһ⣺Ǹ常ѾˣԺ㶼ɱү˵㡣ǽбүˣֻнַˡ
˵Ůɪһ£Ͼ
Ҽ¶е飬ʮ⣬ɿ֣ʾˮۿЩ
ͷ׵ľؿŮһۣȴҶ˵һ䣬ֻͷˮǸûΪķˣθЩ߸ϵŵԡ
һ֧Ůͷڱ˫Ķ˽⿪ֽϵᡣ
ûעʱ͵ˮУƴӶʻȥ
û뵽ˮǵıӰɴŭ
ǲʶ̧٣
һһ׷ŮıӰȥ
Ϸ£ϵ̲סüͷһˮкŮ˫׽仯⡣
ײನ俪Ů̧ͷһĻо
ɳȾҡżֿԷų־Լ
ǰŮȥԼ󣬴嶼ˮУʪ͸ǿ
в̣æˮо
һԣ̫ިۿһУκζ
𽻰֮ʱҵҲǰ
𽣬Цһָʹ𽣬콫үؽӽ
ͷŮץסǣʵɳǰҸʣ常˰ռ˼вҵԽū澣ɳȾң
ң˶ǮҸǡҲֱ
һ򿴲ҵΪ
ȴЦһ漴ɫүȥȱʯҪˣ
Ҫúýѵһʶ̧ٵ֪ˡ
𽲻Щͷص콫˽𽣬ΪǾƽ̵Ķӣʸͱүԣ
֮УǶԻ񾳽Ҳپ⡣
ԱүǶõĸĸɲкӹв
ؿϲκα飬ȴճȭй¶ĵ׵Ĳƽ
Ȼͬȴͬ
һǶպң̱֮ڻҪΪҵĸĸǻʿ游һļʿԽߣñԽѣΨһĶӣǰ˳
˼ʲô߶һȺֽкá
ϣңΪ˱֮ļ壬Żǰڱܻһλϵĵ£ǳϡ
ĸֻ֧ˣΪƽͲӡǲгԣȢûκΪķˡ
ϵǣΪǵŮʾȻԶʤˡ
ֻΪĸĹϵ𽲢ӡ
ֱΪϼ٣ɳ㽫ؾڣԼڶӡ
ҼĬ˹ǣߣ־ҪŮץȥ
ɳŮᣬؿ𽡣
ֵ̧סҵĶ
û뵽ĻԼ֣һ漴ղѡ
ȻԼ
ɫʽȻú𽲽ƶȥһһʽҪ
˺棬񷤡
ͬΪ磬Ʋߣ˶֣ʱҲ·硣
ײˮܷɽһȦȦ
ǶϹ𣿣ҼԼһʱ𽣬ͷԼȵ콫Ǽץ
£˭Ҳˣ֮ɫ
һϵļԸæŮڵ񷤡
ȫûнһԵ̫ިУŵҲˡҲ磬Ϊͣأþ޷ͻƵĴʦ㣬ôܴùôˡ
Ϊ˼˻ζ񷤵ۼѵסΣںдת£Ůҧҧ˺УʱԼ
󣬾̫ި
վԭأ̧֣ͣڿУ˲Ϣ֮Ρ
ȥҲЩ鷳̫ި俴һЩŵӣһӣ޷ļ㱻˳ȥ½һһһˮС
ȥൺ̫ިڣϵͷ¡
ûõĶҿһСǣŭ
Ǳ˽ѵĲҲɫгʣ̫ިϮ
ȻҪһ£ͳȫǣ
ʦСģסңи̫ި
̫ިһƿն뵶нһȻ졣
ұˣͣ񷤾ͷһǵͨ졣
ݲǸصķʲôʱģ
һɣҲ񷤱б̫ިذ׵ȹǡڸ߸һϡ
Ӹµؿ·ңв޶
޹ˮУˮԲæԶȥþһս
ٴγֵȴڰձҲסС
ҵ˿ʮּ̫ͣިע֮󣬸ǵܶϡ
ָҵα㲻ܿƵط˳ȥ
֣ˮУ̫ިջңбˤˮ棬վϣƮ
ߣˣ˿ãʦûˡ
ˮһЩãȻȫȻû뵽ԼȻ˾ƽûõĵӡ
ô䣿ҵЩŤ̫ިݣ㲻ݫiһū澣ңǲ𣿣
ݫiߵū澶̲ܽ𣡡
ң֪صū澣ҪʮȥȫΪģ
ΪϵˣȻ֪˲֪¡̫ި֮ұԼ֧Ĺùÿ˵
ԣвһתͷ̫ިʲô飬ȴһ
̫ިָ̧֣һˮϽұ˶ˮС
Ǹúúϴһϴ


24 
Ϣ֮ѹסҵɢȥŴˮиͷ̲ס³ˮǱȴţݣ澡
û˵ֱ꣬ˮסţȴôҲ޷ֱٴɢٴθˮ档
˵ʲôֱȥ
˷Σٴθʱڱ죬׿ڡ
һ̣вشϼֳݣ̫ިʦ
ҵѾˮݵ÷ף̫ިȴǸŭԡ
ԹԱ죬̫ިջ̶֣Ŀ⡣Щ꣬˺ֹһʵڲʲô
Ҳöô£ݵȷߣǾڡŷҳȣʦԼʦ㣬ϣҲΪһңͺ;ڽ
ϾңҲҵĸĸһ졣
𽽫ˮеŮ񷤣ԶԶ㿪Ҳصϣη̫ި
ȥൺ۵
æһ񣬹Ӧǡ
һΣûв۵˸ˡ
ԶŵæҵؾˮЩңʱ˵񷤡
ĨһͷƿΧڵꡣ
һδαˮ͵ʱô
ݣүţҺ޺޵شһ񷤡
֮󣬷ൺѽǰ񷤿˰̫ި̧֣ЩǸ˵ʦ㣬뽫λͳţ㲻ȥ
ھڣѱٱҶϡ
̫ި䵭ķͶһƳŮЩӵشͷ
ɳ̫ܲ߰ި뿪ŮԸΪūΪ澱ɳ
ҡҡͷҲҪū澣οū澣ʲô¡
ŮСŮ֪常һΣǻȥˣ˵׼ᱻڶΡ
⻰Ҳе룬ɣҽȥʦ߿ɺãֻң߹һЩ
Ը⣡Ůæâһ
̫ިʶҴڵŮδݫiֿԭʱ˾ڡ
ȻʲôȫΪķŮӡ
ߪԽڵǰδе֡
̫ި£ƫƫҺеȶ֣ɴǻԿӡ
ൺвپڵĩ֮ʱٵһͻԼ֮ǰ¼ĵӲ
̫ިĵȻ˲Ŀ⡣
Ǵʦ㡭˵
ʲôʱˣ˵˴𣿡
·ǰջġ
ʲôû˴Ҳ̲ܽˡ
ô˵ǰСʦƺأǴʦƽջеĴ
ǲСʦԼô𡭡

̫ިֺӵȴ仯ֱȥ
ʦҲģŮȵ
ǰԹôΣʮضˣôҪƲƲ죬ǲΪȻ
ʮأһʮشԼڵӵˮ׼ڶʮʮΪܼķΧʮϣҪϾĵӲܵϡ
һʮأ֤ʵѾԳʦӴ˱뾵ڵݣΪгϡȻǲԸУҲǿ
ΪǧţȻеġ
ǰ̫ިڤ֮ʣΪͣءȺεȴʼ޷ͻƵʮء
صĵӣҲмܵϵʮ̫ިʦ㣬ʵЩʵ
Ȼ֪̫ިʱʱڤţһʹᷢ
ƽλӣ̰ʦȻʹһ㣬ᵤһ֮ңԽʦֺʦһͣǰѾ֮󲻾ãСʦҲˡΨλʦ㣬ʱŴͻƵأ֮Ϊ޴治֪ƽ̿ʲôԸƽӹĵӡ˵ϼ⡣
ʦܾûˣҲ֪ܵڼأ
ǰÿζͣڵʮأܹʮأǲˡ
Ŀⰵд̫ިмֵֿζ
Ը£̫ިͣǰ䵭ȫȻӵ


25 
ȡڵ, ̫ި߶ֻǰһɫӰʧԭء
ǰȻһƬīɫ, ڶݵĺڰ֮ܽǵĹâ̫ިվޱ޼ʵҹ£һаüš
һþʮأǾΪ˼ʵõʮػþ
ǹ, һͷǻ̫ިǰХһ
ɱͷص, һص
̫ި˷ʱ, ƿնȥ֮ʱ㶴Ҫ
ͣڰյΪ촷ʧռһ˲ŤϢ̫֮ިʧƬǿ¡
һߴĺɫʯɫʯʾ, ǽĵڡ
̫ި֣ݡ
Ŀ֮£ڵһͣϢ, 漴˵ڶء
ʯΧ˲һذ׾ڵӷŮ, ʵں棬̫ިǲˣܵڼء
˶ˣۼʯϵַ仯, զզؽе
ʦ㲻ǲŸսȥôô͵˵ڶأ
һԵĲֻصǣͺܺý
û˵̫꣬ި֣Ѿɿ˵ء
˵ˣֵڶҲʲôŲõµӣҲڶصġȵ˵أԿʮֻصޣһͷǺȺսȫȻͬնģҿôҲҪһ࡭
䣬ʯϽɫְ˰漴ɿ֡
أأء
ΧʯΧŮΪ֮Ŀࡣ
ôһǻ˰ɣЩ͵صֱЩ
ǻˣôֻдʦڷɿȴûŮʡʦֻˡ
ˣܹǰصȷӦãٶδҲ̫ЩΪ޵Խʦ֣ҲûĵٶȰɣ
Уͬľ£ǽսǿƩʦͬŵԽ¾ͬҪԣǺʤԽġ
ʯϣֻƶȻȫûơ
꣺ѵǸսþͽһɱˣ
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
쿴ʮˣ
ǰʦҲʮأͻˡҲ֪ܵϵڼأ
ͻƵأ˵ܵϵʮء
һƬУִӵʮһӶԽʮأ֮˵ʮأʮء
Χ۵ľڵҲ˵ɵۣô£
ûصΪܵϵʮأŮʧ
ѵ̶¼ţʦ㾹ȻͻС磿
ôأʦʣôᱻһ޷ͻơ
þУܼ£̫ި˺ҽ֯صİ׺һɢǿС
ֻǰڵΪй߰ļ䣬ĲٿȴʿҲȲϵġ
ǿٴαãһΣϢڵһصҹɫ¡
צһ󾢷磬ܾŷУ̫̽ި
⣬һھڵӿųڵڶʮϵ֣һʱѻȸ
˶סϢʯöã֣Խнĵӣ˵ڶʮһϡ
ڶݵİ֮ܲɱһ˵ˡ
ʦѾ˵ڶʮأ
ڶʮزһֻ𣿣ôɱޣ
ѵѾ˲ɣ
Ǿʦ־ųϸĽǻþ޵ʵ
Ų£ô
Ǵʦھʲô磿һûмܵڶʮһصġ
˵ǰģǴʦ㡭
ʲô
һʱţΧ˵Ŀⶼۼ˵ϡ
˵ŵӼ˶һǼλʦʦøҵģ˵ۿʦʱʦҲڣΪʦ㻤ķ
ԭţġ
ϼ죬һλʦʦˣԭǴʦ𣿣
⼸УҲͳһ
ôܣʦ뿪ǰһֻصΪ˷ôڶ̶֮ţͽͻС磬ֱ
ڳͬҲһ뷨ֻʱţʹͻƵδҲ̫ˡ
ֻˣʦôܵڶʮء
˼ìܡ
˵ţʯϵٴλλãһʱ֮ţͣ˵ڶʮϡ
ڶʮأһֻڵʦʦܴɡŮ૵ʦãϴҲûܴڶʮء
Ѿãڣվһ֮
ڣҲû˻ỳ̫ިǷˡ
ôˡ
˵ʦƽƽ𡭡ôôͻСģѹԽʦ֣صҲ˿ʱŰɡ
̫ި뿪ǰҲ°ˡ
ǺɡŮ૵
˶Ϊóʱɫȴƶ
У̫ިĮʮͷڵǻΧ˶
вκĪױոͷǵ
ʮغ󣬻þԵԽʵѪ̫ިذ׵ȹϣѻɫĳ£סӣȺ裬Գ־Ķǵ
õĴ̿ͣĪڴˡ
һֻһֻ£̫ިվȺ֮У˫סջңָ⣬˫ֲ԰׶ȴӵнɲ
þȻŤƬ֮󣬾ǽ̫ިǿ˳ȥ
ΧʯԵһ־ڵӣͣڵʮص֣Ǳס˲ӣһ仰Ҳ˵
ڣеʱϵʮǵ˰벽֮ʱ˳˵ʮء
벽𵤵ʿ𵤣ǳ¡
ʦ㣬ǲŽôã˿ڡ
ոˣʵڲǺܽ͵ġ
Լû˻뵽̫ިʮضѾˣǿнͳڵʮϡ
һ׹̫ިڵ棬ϻδȫɢȥɱ⣬η
ʦ㣡
ʦˣ
ȥдżֲ֪ľη
֮ţƲĴʦ㾹Ȼ͵ʮأ
ǽһʦ㣬ȴķڷ
һھڵԶԶ̫ިΪÿһ·
ӹһ⣬һµִõӴݺڣ
Ļ˽ĿͶ󷽵̫ިʲô£
̫ިִ̧ӣû˵
ƽʦµִ̧һ񣬡ʦ
̫ި֪ˡ
ִ߹ذȹ𣬲Ⱦ˳˫òκθ顣
ʦ㣬ȥµ࡭ִӲüǲԸմӷൺȥġ
ʦѾˡŮ̲סڵ
ִһ¶ֲ˼顣
ƽ̴Ϊĵӣ̫ިӦǰȥµʦú
ȴʱһ˺񷤡
֪ɳҪδȥһ񣬹
Щ˶ˮۣ޷Ϊķˡ
ȥ̫ިؿڣ˿Ÿȥµ
ѾԼµȥµԭ
гĿ飬ԼȲȥ״ˡ
ǵòһ֧֮Ů뾵ԪӤϽΪ£ӾڡҲΪԵʣںϲϵ
ˮ򾵻ȥ̫ިµʱǰʱ
ʱ˵Ŀϡ
䭶ڴϷݫiú񣬲֮ݫiϸ༸Ϊˣһţܣ¼ŵ
ʱڳһ飬˿мŵϡ
䭲꣬ȴлΪʣҲѵáԾһǰ֮λСĵӡ
̫ިص߰ǰ֮󣬼䭵ĵһ档
ǰ̫ި䭵һ棬ھ㸲֮ǰ
𷢱򣬲֮ţݱݡʱѾȡˮ󣬳ΪݵһţΪƽ̵޷˵ʿֿ塣
ʦͽʱټһŷɥıһҪ춫ʿ
޳Īڴˡ
ݣվڳͷԶԶų֮бȥһݵŮӣʧ
ϳ
ôҲ뵽ԼĵӣʵĴʦݣٴ̤㶫ʱѾ׵
ںܶǰϣҲûʲôˡ
̫ި䵭ͶһƳֻͫһƬɭĮȻ
ǡ
ɢУǧȿֺߴĳǽ
һսһͿء
ΪڻʣĶʿˣΪ
ݣ㻹šѺ̫ިǰȴżϣ
̫ި·ű亮â
Ѿˡڣͳƣۣġ
仰䭺һ˲Ų࣬ɥصͷҲ˵һ֡
ǰۿԼǰ
һ˲Ļ㱣̫ި˼ٴλصµУĿӹߵ΢䡣
񲻹ʮ꣬δɢᣬϸ˼ֱ̫öе
صСӣ˽ˣ䭹ֵģΪʦ̫ި
ףռԪӤòżΣԣȻϵĵӢҡ
̫ި߽Уݡ
ţλӣǺôļӣһ˵ʱӢؿڡ
ʱյеĲ趼ˡ
üû˵ҵˣøǷ˵հɣڵµȴ˵ʲô£һҪ
ⷴΪ̬Ǿڣҡ
˷ӦӢɫԵøѿˣ񿪿Ȱʦµˣù
Ӣһ̫ިȴɫһδֱ¡
Ӣ˶ɴŭѵûн̹𣿳ڴˣ㲻ʺ򣬵ԹԵ£
̫ި̧΢΢𣬴żĵôϵĹأҪ˵
ĸ˫ûʲôҵǿԿһ
ЦӢæͷֻװʲôҲû
Ӣ̫ިһˣһȣվ̫ިһѵһ
һ̣䭵鲻һӣ׻
ˣǾڣң棬ڱµУԱĵӶ֣ʲô˼
ԳƱ˵Ȼŭˡ
ڻڵѹ£𵤵Ӣһ˿⡣
ǼվһҾӢӼż¡
ʾ£ӢЩ㬵˻ȥǽҹ˴¡
Ҳû˷ʱţҲˣǵʲô£ֱ˵ǡ
Ӣԣһ˼ֵҴΪָ
ĺõݣվȻҶֶ֣ЩҶֳĶӣʲô£ݿɵΣ
Ӣҵĸײãͬһ壬һֳҲ˵дλεв
꣬üңӲڵΪǰղŸոͻô
̫ި֮£ȻǴ֪ġԵӵǸֻܴ֪̫ިĶ
ҲЩѿڶ֮ǰȫȻûԼ˵ûõĴʦ㡣
ȻǸ𽣡תұҵ˽ڣ𽾹Ȼҹ£ҲЩѵ
Ӣգüĺõӣ۸ʱĵúܣ
˵ȴЦЦл˿佱µӣˡ
ڿǣӢ⻰úһ͡
䭣վŹ棬޹ˣñ޶ʮˮգżɽ̫ި
䭵鲻ⲻǵһ֮ʰˡ
ĿôµĲֹһˣ㾡ܴʱǣӢӦ
䭳ĬݺͰ𽵱޹ˣʹǾţӢǰҲ̻ǡ
ЩΪѡ
ҵݣ䭲ǿʩ̽ļ䣬ôշʲôΪ֤ģԹ
䭣֮£ҪһԣӢżֵҾʹưոݣ
²֣ͣҿڣ˸ݵĹâһԭȥ
䣬ϾͰһơ
ұһƴˣ棬̫ިջ֡
˭ûϵͻȻ֣һʱұʵʵذһƣʱ߸
Ȼ̫ި˿û֡
úãﰵкãȴֳܱ
㡪Ӣ̫ި.ȴ˵
תͷ䭣ɿˣô˵棬ҶҶ֣
ƫ̻ƢһƶѣϵĹӣƽС𣿡
Ӣ᣺䭣㵱治ϧϣҲҪԼĵӣ
ʦ㲻£̸ֺӣŮԵ⴫

ݫiڣסĶǵĸ׵ĵӾӡУڰǰԺС¯йŷˮ̧֣ˮ裬̬
ʦ֡òŮ뻨һ
ݫiûһͷԵЩųŮЦ˴񣬿Ҫң
΢Ȼʦ֡
ݫiЦһʾ£ȳҸĲ衣
棬ǰĲյһڣ̧ЦʦֵĲǼá
ݫiʧЦÿһأ㶼˵ġ
𽲻˼ЦЦȷֱ治ʲôˮĺû
üŽɫݫi²յ𽼱ѰңΪ£
ͷæշ¾֪̫ި׽Ұˮнѵʱݫi΢ȥаɫ
ԭί˶٣ŽĻҪô˵ݫiȻڣ֮£Ϊλɡ
˵ͷ¹︸ĸ˫޴ȥƫƫҡʦ֣ϡ
ݫi˵Ů̾һǰȥϣֻū澣ˡ
˵꣬Ѿߵף޴ȥɳΪūΪҲĸԸ
ˣݫiЦЦȫϵ쳣Ӧ
˿ԼóȻʵðʦֲƽϣ߳
׮£ࡣ
ʱͷҰ׵ԶԶǰݫiһ񣺡ū
ʱΪݫi游ȣӴݼҹ£ѾмʮꡣǰΪ̫ި뿪ݫiӦǰڣ䭴
ݫiΪ˾ڣǰݼ
ݫiæס£ھڵĽ
˵ţͱ𷽲Ӣһ𣬴ңڵµȥˡ
𽵱ɫ
ˣվһΪյȥҴʦ鷳ˣ
Ҵݫiݱ漴µķȥ
ôˣЩ⡣
ԼЩ鷳ݫiһ£ҲȥµһˣԹڴԺ򡣡
æ̬˳ǣҰ±á
ãݫiЦ΢¡
Щͳ˫ۿʱܻ˾ú顣
΢΢Щȣĵݼõģģ
ݫi֪룬һ뿪
ȴ˵յµ⣬Ӣͱˣ첽̨ףиʦ㲻£̸ֺӣ
ǰӢʵҶͬϣôҰһūͳӶ֣
ˣʦʲôҲ๣һȻסӢһʱ˵
֮£ʦˣҶʦ֣Żᷴ˵ţȡһӰ顣
Ҽˣͫ΢
һһӵ̫ިĻ棬µС
Ӱ֣֤ȶ֡Ա˶̫ܿިӦʱһֻ»ˡ
ȻӰ飡Ҷݺݵ𽣬޲
𽲻Ӱ飬⽫շ̫ͣިˮ֮ǰԽԵȸ״
һĻ̫ިջеӰ飬òˡ
䭳ƵؿӢңǱҪ˵ǣ
Ҿڣ㾹Ҷҵĵӻӵ浱Ҿ˲ɣ
£ڻʿѹϯңΪοסѹһֱֱ̫ިǰ
̧ͷ̫ިӸµĿ⣬Һ޲ýǧУ䭵ѹ£á
ӢôҲû뵽Լ˲ռһҪΪʱɲ˵ȶ̫ި֡
ƴ󣬵Ҳοھڵĵ̣Ծƽ̵ĵɱ֡
´ûĵ
һֱû˵ļ̾һϢŭҺӢ죬ݣԭҶǡ
ʦ˵գҵ
ڵҲôͻȻͼתֱˣ̫ިڵĦҪǸȻԼ
ҶɡӢ
˲ţҾԼȫ±ˡ
ҧ˵ӢҶû˾ڣֻ㰢Ҳסˡ
һ
ϻؿǲˣ游Ҫٵ˾ڣֻ°ҲȰס游
㲻ʣҲֻܵͷҴˡ
ǲϴǱˡӬ䭵
ֱ׳Ҫѵʱʮ㡣
ܵԽԽصѹֻõʦ㣬ҴˣҲö㶯֣
ӢɫȻÿ
ߣȴһ仰ֲӽܵľţ
ϿЦǣ˷ðݺͰ𽣬Ը÷һ񡣡
Ȼұ˾ڣһԻΪĸĸȻȱʯ
⣬ջѹ
վճưͿɫܵγˮƫƫʲôҲˣֻܱһ뿪ڡ
ϺӢһۣһҲ˳ȥ
µǰݫi˵ıӰѾˡ
ڣһɵ䭿̫ިݣ˷ʵг
ӰΪ֤䭾̫ިɵڵ𽡣
һۣ̫ިû˵
֮ûʲô˵ˡ
㷴ӦвһɵΣаֹѵôãû
Щ΢գ˷ܵض̫ިʦ㣬
ҿڵΪˣȻȫȻǴʦĶ֡
֪ƺ֮£̫ިѵ⣬й˼ʱ
ڵСʦãʲôʲôؿȻΪ׵ƺ
ʲô
ݫiЦڣ˫һʦ֣
ϲǴʦ㰡պúýѵһԺ󻹸ھˣ磡
ݫiҲ̫ިЦʼձеĽ治ڡ
ǰݿ
󼸸֣˵ЩᣬżֲΪ֪ζ
̫ިûпһۣվȥ
Уʵûм뿴ġ
վסݫiüͷࡣ
ѵڴˣ̬ȣ
̫ިʱܽһڽ̵ģݫiλ͡
Ϊ£ǰ̫ިÿȥʱ𾴡
̬ȣ̲סڽѵ
̫ިѾµӣУȻϵū澣öݫi
ʵֹͣкܶ˶ôΪġǰ̫ިԼôΪġ
ǿЦ
ݫiΪںϮ֮£עΪһ£֮ʱʹࡣ
ʱݣȻĸм
һū澣ֱ
Լū̲ͣܽ𣿡̫ިû̧ͣݫi
ϴ˵ܰڳһдı顣ƫƫͷ߹һĨЦʵŻ
仰£µкһ
˵Ŀⶼݫi̫ިϣŵĻʲô˼ǰ˵ݫi˵
в֪ΪһŨҵĲվݣ㵽˵ʲô
̫ިתϲκΪϺǴӺζ
ں𣿣䭲ס
ʮǰɱԭкĲҡ̫ިһһһλ֮ˡ
ڳУΨһͷˮʲôɱʲô
̫ިһĨЦ֪ſ֪伮֮Уһ֮
ֻΪɽתƣ֮ݡ
£䭵ܵػһ㣬źһһƬհס
ԵɫҲòҰס
ɾãһǷʲô̫ިƽ


26 
µֻʣһƬŰĳĬ, ˴˵ĺãҲ˿ڴƽ֡
̫ި̧ͷ, ΢΢
νʦͽ, ͬ, һЦ
ʦʦ, жˡʱ֪, ԼʵһöʱԱӣעӲΪ˰ڲˡ
常, ˮհΪͽ, ʵԴ̽ϡ
ݣһ¡
Ը, ǰˮΪʡ
ݵһˮ, ʱϸ޷Ĵڡ
䭽ʱ꣬Ҳټ, ˮ󲻵òӡ
Ϊˮ, ʾãǾ档
ݵһţֻˮвѱ֮, ôܼܲƽ, Ǹδ֪ˡ
Ķˮ˳Ϊ, 誶, Ǽ¡
ֻݫiѴ˿ѰõµһӰʮǰ̿ͽɱݫiĸ, ˮˡ
ôҪˮ󱳺Ƿг˵ֱʣ
ǣݫiôͬԶˮ
һҪˮΪĸ𣬵ʱˮе誣ضΪв䭵ĳ롣
ǾܾˮʾãԼգˮڰж䭶֡
ʱݫiвµһ壬ȻƾֵĹؼ
ڤģ誣ڤģΪֲã
ڸĸΪ˱誣ݫiѰݣ̷֡ͣҲ֪ںδֳģ
ҽݫiҪȥģһöӰˡ
Ƿϴݣݫi˵Ӧǰȥˮ
һգڵӲ֪ƽӹĴʦԭݼãֲʣҲ԰ƽ¡
ʦҪǰȥˮ󣬳Ϊݵһŵĵӣʵۡ
ûֻ֪誵
뿪ʱΪʦֹûпֹǷϴӦҪ
ݫiУ課ǸҪһ
Ҫʱ򣬲ҪһǿĴڡ
ػһ̫ިʵûίߡ
Ǽֱ˷ʱ䡣
֪𽣬Ȼ̫ިǷ˼ѿɫתͷּ̫ިζЦ⣬һĺȻ̵̻سȥ
䭾þ˵̫ިҲٶ˵ʲô
ת뿪һΣҲû˽¡
ֻǴ֮ʱݫi㵱ݣ
أ̫ިûлͷ㲻Ѿ̽ҵǷô
ǰݫi΢Ȼϣ㲻Ǳ˶ˡ
̶ʱģΪҲɿ棬ʵڽ棬ϵ׷ʲô
ֱ̫ި߳µڣi
ݫiټɫѿеҲ֣常顣
̧һڵɵĵݫiȴһЦ
ڵ֮У䭷꣬βסŭ⣺Կǵ棬ڤɰɵϵģ
ݫiɫģˣҲûзϵıҪȻص˵ͷ
ôôһصϣʵ
̫ި֮ʱ䭳֣⣬Ȼ֪֮ʱʹࡣ
һֱΪݫi̫ިݼңһԼΪͽΪ⺮Ҳһ
˴Ǵչ񣬱¡
ֱգ֪ʵˣ
Ϊʲôܣݫi̧ͷȥЦ⣬Գܴ˿࣬ѵҪ𣿡
ΨһãĸڣԸֳչˡҵȻῴܺţΪˡ޹֮壬ɺõͰ֮䣬Ȼֻѡ誡
常ãҿǸð
䭺һϣһʱԶԡ
ãſڣɬΪ˰誣ΪҪƭݣ
֪Թޣǲ粻֪ݫiصȫȻԼʲô
οݫiЦЦ֪ô
һ̣пľĮ
ݫiһº飬УȫϣʵҲʲô֮
ڿչ¶һ档
氢ɺ常Ϊͽ˾ڵӣ⵱һҲδɡݫi飬ֵ
ݫiµ㻹ڹ磡
֪޹֮壬ˮҲײ£
֮ǰ޲׺޷ͻص̫ިЩ˵ȥ
Ƕĵ;ұʿԣк죡
֪£ᡭ
ʲôʸûչ˺˼ǰ֮£θ
ݫi̧ͷš
ţ˾ڵĴʦ㣡
ûнϣǸѩ졣ǷҵģҲǷϵġ
ŭȹѵӴ㶼ϴûĵ
ݫiܵضĿ⣺ҵĵ
ΪūͣɱᣬȻ˵㡣
Ŀӣ֪ݫiԽԳԱģ롣
ԭأݫiֳºʺΪֲФ
ݫiһһ̫ºʺ񣬲ŻڱУ
仰ʱγѡһ̣ףԼԭһֱݫi
ڸĸһգݫiԶܳΪ䭿縸һºʺˡ
Щתʮ꣬ʮദ˿Ǹô
ݣȴ˶ΪǷϴ
һľദʮ꣬Ҳȫ޸顣
常֪Ϊߣɸ֮ʡݫiص
޻˵ˣݫiһ񣺡常£iȸˡ

΢ϰϰһƿˮ棬֦ͷˮ棬ˮȥ
ԶԶܿ¥ˮһɫԴ
վϣͦΣ˫һϣǺЦˣҲ˿٬
񷤺ܿ쿿˰ϾѰ˿ڴ˴ִ˵⣬ʱ㱻ǰ
źݫiһŵɫÿӹеż㣬չıϣ¶һЦ⡣
ҲǾţ£ʶѣϪɵϱһ
ԭСĺ󱲡ȻˣҾڶգǡٹգƺٿСҲһ̽Ц
شӦڣʶһ´˵еƺأһͬ
ڴ֮ԭھ䭹ϵãҲ൱СصִӣھѰһݾ֮
һ·ȥȴֻٿһ
ִӲɵѵԷżӾӶ⣿
ЦЦѰһƧ֮еӡ
ϲִӱʾ⡣
˵䣬ԶһƬɫӳС


27 
ǺδƬʢ, ʵ
ִЩǸؿѼ£ڴʦ֮һ
࿴ԱӳĺСԺǴΣ
ǼСԺȴס, ס˴Ȼԡִӵ˵ͷ, ʵڲλʽΪҪѡƫƧĵطס¡
ĵŨ, , ϸӾλѡƫƫҪĵطס£Ǹˡ
ִҲʶ, ҲȰ
ȸ, ӹ, ɽݫiʰϣǻīɫ
֮, ¼, æ񣺡
ڿһ˲, ݫiϱֹƽչеЦ, һŽҲµߡ
һҪھڴ, Ȼ㽻ңұ㲻УҰıǡ
ٴ, ¶мɫ, ū澸м
ݫiЦԵС¥ȥŬŬ, ˹ȻһֻҪ¶һģʧ˷
ݫiŵһ̣ɨŲ࣬Ц̶
λ¹ȻʲôȫΪķŮӡ
ֻǲ֪ıŵԼΪʲô
ɫҹ¹µĺˮԲ⡣
ڤЩ˼뷢԰׵ĿЦһһۣ˻ƹŹ֣˲
˶ŵŮǴһİ裬ãͷ׵ˮ֮Ů°ɡ
ʣҩǺʡ
谵޹УŮǿбһɫҩ֭ߴżˮӷŮվԣŶԷ
̫ިһţһһҴʹ޲Լܻȥʶȴʼޱѡ
ָģʼգһʹ
̫ިʹްԼЩ˲֮ͬ⣬ʹ⡣
ˮҩޣµӣһȺԶʧ˵ķӡ
ˣ̫ި㲻Լʹ࣬ȡֵЦ

ݫiУһ֮䣡ո߸ϵˮǱЮ̫ިܻ
뿪һһ
ݫiΪףڶʿˮΧܲ͸磬ΪıǸˮµĳˡ
̫ިΨһѵĳ롣
¶֪ݫiãˮ󣬳ȥҩֻǶˮټ誡
Ȼ֪ˮеģ誡
ʱ꣬ˮϣ̫ިĿԣҪڱУʱɥĿܡ
ݫiԶԶһĻ˫Ŀ
Ŷһʿ棬𳤹
ɫļ֧ƿգһ磬֧ƫУֱֱ̫ިĿϡ
䭵ʵںȣֻһ
ˮϾŭɿ֣ɫϴ̫ިĿУȥ
һ̣ľǰδеƽ
ǰʼģ̫ި̲ס룬һԭ̡
У̫ިۣһ˿Ѫߡ
ĮȻؽѪȥн죬ħ
̧ͷգ̫ިžһ㣬ס
أ
תΪ߰پڡ
ݼԷΪг
ˣ
ڳУĿ¥ϵݫiңңԣЦЦ
̫ިʵںܺ棬ݫiôѡ
¥һƬӣ֪˶ãݫi̧סһѳϢ֮γɵĳƿն
統һ㡣
֧ĿڣԶԶݫi
̫ި˿⣬̫ݫiˡ
νֿ˱Ҫ֮ʱԣҲǲġ
̫ި̧֣һϣס
׾ˣһ̫Ȥˣ̫ި𴽽ǡźֿ֮עҪİ·ˡ
ĽƿƺƵǰ̫ިӸµؿһĻ۵ֻһƬĮȻ
һ𣬶Ҫˡ
ҹɫкȻ̫ިӻоѣƫƧ
ѭȥֻǽͷִ¹ϣݳɽ
ǸоĿ⣬ֳɫ
ިͣסȻٴ̫ި
Ǽĵˡ
̫ިһϲ˸ӣ㣬ذ׵ȹǷɣ˱鿵Ժǽϣͷࣺô
Ϊһλţ˵ƺؽڴգȥһ̽ȼ仰ԭί̫ިֵިԭǾڵӣ
λڵԣ⿪һǽܵˮ鿣Ǿڴʦӡ
ҹڴˣިǾڴʦ㣿ΪλϪɣ
ԣ̫ިֻ䵭ǡ
֮⣬Ժ󻹻᲻ǣ㲻һˡ
̫ި֪ǰʱǷҲڡ
ʱ˽ƺһ£µһҹֻΪйһҹշں
䭽رʱѾȣಡ֮òŵԺת
ǡô˼֮ÿŻῪƺ֮¡
ҹɫŨԣ̫ި࣬ȴû˵
ûбĪһԼû·Ĵε
̫ިջĿ⣬ٴһɡ
ɫ̫ҹ֮£ྐྵ䵭Ͽ˼ᡣ
ިʲôӣܾЦʵ
㡣̫ިûп̧ҹиĹ£ɫ¹²԰׵Щ͸
ཫڴߣҹɫžƽᡣ
鿴ھһˮԶӳɽӰźˮԶһ̣̫ިºȻеһΥƽ
˵ǲͬġ
ƭãΨ࣬ǶΪ˵ѵõһ
̫ިͬѣעҪںҹУ˳̵ķ˪


28 
պ, ڹǰòߵ⣬ͣס˽Ų
һذ׵ľڵӷ, һֻӨİ⻪ת, ȴһֵƵ
Լǰ䭴ؾڵġ
˵Ǹ޸ĸĹ¶˱ӻôһǵ顣
վԺ⣬, ûü̫ި˵Щʲô
ԥ֮ʱ, Ų, ̧ͷ, ֻ̫ި̧һЩ
ʦ㣡عæ̧
ʲô̫ިȴѵ˼Ϊ䵭
ĵײɸһί, û˵
ΪСʦ, ƽ谮ĵӣ֮츳ϼѣС, ¶ϲСʦ㣬δۡ
̧ͷ̫ި, һʦ㣬ǴʦǸģ
Բ𡭡
˵ţ̫ިҾ
㶯̫ި𴽽ǣʲôǸ
Ǿƽ̵ĵ, ǡ
ݫiã
仰ԭأȻ̧ͷ, ̫ިǷĿ⣬һƬհס
ʦô֪
ô֪Լݡ
һݣȻǲ֪µġ
ݫiĸΪˮʱʱ޶˴;УΪ̿ͽɱӴ˸ĸŮΪϽ̵ݣҲ
ݫiΪԼûݣ֣޸ĸĹ¶񣬱㱻䭴ؾڣĵӡ
ôܲ谮أǿųֵŮ
ʦ㣬Ҳ֪ΪҡҽǸ㣬ԭòã
Ů̧ͷдżϣҺ常һᲹģʦ㣬㲻ҪҸ硭
ݫi
̫ިǰһз
ʧ˸ĸҲֳ常ӻ۷ʲôȻ˽úúõġ
ŻʼһƬ棬ֱ׳̫ިǰ˵ԭ֣̫ިһƬīɫ
һڶʮһ꣬ݫiһӣ誰ݫiɱˮϡ
ʲô֪ʲôʸڴѵ̫ިǰ˵ԭ£
֪ڤ֮ʱĸоô̫ިǰһĿԣűЦ⡣
ȫѪҺһƬʢģеĺҲ޷ȥ
ڤ֮ˣΪʴʶҲ޷⣬ǽҲעҪһտԼΪ
̫ިǰܿƵ
һƬȻˣˡ
Ǵʦٳٲͻءѵ򺮶֮ʣ⺮֮࣬ԭԼܵģ˵
ݫi䭽̫ãΪˣ޷̫ިܵһ޶ԡ
Σ顣
ֻƾһ仰ұҪԭݫi̫ި誣ǲ̫Լˣ
ѿҧҧͷӡ
̫ިҪνĲǷǵģԻỹǷģҲһһ
ݫiΪǨŭ̫ިʴȡ
ǰڣҪǰ˵һЩ֪νĻ
Բ𡭡ãŵ૵֣Ѿ֪Լ˵ʲô
Ǳ㲻Ҫǰ̫ި̬Ϊ
Ǳ̬˵ˣǿסˮĬת
ãˡ뿪̫ިԭأڡ
Ժǽ̽ͷЩεǼ⣺ұިʸ·
˭һš
̫ިһۣû˵ʲô̧ȥ
ǽͷϢ֮ţ̫ިߣި֪ͬ󣬸δȥźá
ߴ֮ʱȻɼ
ЦЦȴû뿪˼л֪ިҪδȥ
̨
̨Ǻδ
ڵĩ֮
ÿ֮Ҳ̨Ϸš̫ިǰȥΪݡ
֪˴Ǿµӿȥã
ɡ̫ިɫԾɵ
ިһȥոΣ
̫ިתͷ࣬㲻ԼĻЩ̫ô
һҲ˵Щ̫ˡصȴ˵̫ިĻ̫١
̫ިջĿ⣬û粵
ިǾڵӣ֪ںδã
֪
ǹ֮ͬ󡭡
̫ިൽʱ̨ͷܶЦ֮ڶ
ʦʦ˵ԶԶ̫ިˣͬŮǵһǸ̫ިʦ㡭
֮£̫ިȴȫһˡ
̫ިֻǵһԡ
֪µ˵һϯʲô˼̫ި䵭飬վûʳڡ
ĿԵϣɵǣ
࣬Ϊгƽһţڵաһ
æ
·ڵӽ룬ִ̨³ҾڵֶܹʮأʵΪ¡ڵպӦи˾
ҵȽϽ̻壡·ڵӹӦ
һƬ֮Уκζ̫ިʵԵЩͻأ࿴һۣ֪뵽ʲô
ͬűԽĵӣ̨ͬűԣҪ㵽Ϊֹˣִֵ
£˷̨ճ̫ި
ڵ裬սʦ㡪ڣ̨¡
˵仰ڰ̾һ
ʦ㲻صΪԼȴڵľ磬սʵСˡ
ԭūͣӢڣĵ¼ۣ³Ϊ˾ڵӡ
ҴҪ̨ս̫ިҲվûоֻܾǲ֪ʦεү
ʦϾҪ벽˰ɣսʦ㣬ⲻǿ𣿡Ůü
Լ޵ľ磬뿿ҩҲͬն
û˵ô
ʲôŮصҵȻ˵ʦѾˣոôܺϾҪ벽𵤵ʦȣ
ǰգʦ
ʦͻ˼أɹ˶ʮ
ʮء
ʲôŮһţûɣĲˣң
ҺλͬҲţɴʦȷ˵ʮ
ʯĶ¡
ܵʮģһΪڰ벽ϵĵӡζţ̫ިȴа벽𵤵ʵ
̨ЩɧңֻΪ˿ǿԳȻԸϸȥ
ʦֲ᲻֪ʦ°ɣ
ղųأû˵
Ļ
ʦҪʦˣ


29 
ɫľڵע, ̫ި̨
ֻȡĽҲ鷳ˡ
һ֪֮µִ̲ס͵ؿһ裬ұʿ, ҪӭѶϲǡ
̫ިǰ, ЩȻֵһ񣺡ʦ, ðˡʦȳ, ԸʦС
仰һڣ̨ѻȸ
ó, ʦĲ֪ǰʲô£˵⻰
У̫ިЩʣ֮, ˵һǰ˵ҪС
һ, ָ΢, ұֱȥ
ǵ·ĺâ, ˲Ϣ㵽ǰ, һݣƾֱ, ǰձܿ
ϸҽĲ, ľ
̫ިɱ֣ѵס
貢֪ղԼѾ֮һ, ûüӦʱ, Ȼת, ִ֡
ʦ㲻ƽѧõʲô
ҿţôҵ˿
ҽ֯Ƶֻȥ, ۿҪֻ̨ܰεʣеסңһ̶
̨ԵϲסңȫתŲó֡
Լ˵ôʦУû뵽ڲһУ㱻Ƶó˵
ײо㵲ѣ̧ͷ̫ިʦ㾹Ȼˣ
ԭΪԼսʦ㶨ʮʮʤ㣬ȴЩдˡ
̫ި
֪УԼǶȻˡ
תȫУȻ̫ިն
һţȻסֽţָ΢ˤ˳ȥ
ڵϣԼܵңҵ˿Ȼͣ
һػ֮ϣ˲㽫ɴ
ȥŵ̫ިն
̫ިûжϯһ˲ѻɫ˿Ҵж
̨һϳ˿ơ
̨ϣ̫ިѾ˷ʱ䡣
㿪·಻˿ƣºһɲԤС
ڵҪ֮ʱ̫ިӰѾʧԭأһϢ˿ƺ䡣
˷£ֻ̫ިָһᶪ
賤˿ˡ
ʦγֶûп壬ķڷ
ÿ찡
Ƿſʦôֵ𣿡
ûСʵ̫ˡʦõʲôôδ
֮ʣ·ڵһ
ʦ૵в¶
Աߵ࣬ȴ΢΢ȥ
ִϼʤѶ·ڵӵɻ̨
̫ިҡͷ
˲ˣӽ벽ΪʦֶˣǾ͸ǶˡȥɲԼ
ˣִϱҲ˵˽Ľ
ȡһϻ̫ިҼ࣬Ǻ£ҲҪ;úúϰǡ
̫ިԭѧ٣֮
ϧڼǰѾԼı١
лϹġ̫ިӹϻ˵ʲǫֱ̂
⾵ڵĿھ壬鵭ֲǰ
̫ިûЩֹĿ⣬߹
Ȼڣި﷽ŵЩ졣
̫ިͣ½Ų䵭ؿ
ЦЦ㷽̨õ֮ǰֹ֮̿
Ĵ̿֯أʮ꣬Ҳ֪ںδ֪֮Ǻˡ
಻ףΪڴʦ㣬̫ިô̿ͳϹϵ
̫ި̧ϴζЦ⣺Σ
˵ò̫ިһͳ
õĴ֮̿һ
һʱ޻˼պȻЩ͡
ĿѲƬ̣Сؿڣʦ㣿
̫ިЩӵĿ⣬вָ飺ٹµˣ
˵գת뿪æȥ
࿴ıӰֻǼ⣬λި˵Ĺ
ɰתµһ˲Բں棬
ڸ¥֮ϣͬ
䣬Ҷг¶䣬ҹתھлա
㾰ǰ˲ԵС
ֱӰȥضԡһƬУվ˸¸¥
ٴοһƬʢܣ鲻Щӡ
̫ި£½մ˳¶΢ۣһתķ
֪ԼΪʲôȻص߰ǰ߰ǰһжЩصˣˣúûš
ñݣӵ㹻Ʒ̵ʵ
̤ų鿣ԶԶȸԾػһʦ㣡
ҵº̫ި׽ࡣ
껹ҵʱΪ֧ûٱЩҵүС۸̫ިǰȴ޻֮
̫ިܵĻ£䵭ǺУȥ
ʦˣ޲һͽ޷޲ͬҪտޡȫ䵭̫ިߡ
̫ި΢΢üһˣϲ̫׽һˣֿ˹
ĬȻջĿ⣬̫ި۲Ĳ
ʦ㣬ƺؽȥȥĿ£ʵ
ȥ
Ҫ˵ʲôԶԶһʦ㣬ˣ
תͷȥֻһͷһͷСе˽¹ĺȦȥ¶û˯һ
𽿴ӿھȣˣ
ʦ㣬Ұ󷨸̳ˣ̫ި˫һи
ЩʱգԼڷﲻ߲ݣΪдʦ󷨡
ǵǰ󷨶ȫͬܶƿȥΥһȻܻܲóʦ㲻ˣɣ
Ǿ̫ިһΣ߲ݼҹڸ̳ʯͷϵơ
ҲʱԼȻˣ
ľͷ˯˲͸˹
һ󷨾ԼĴȣһҪˡ
̫ިһԵļʱҪ˶
æǰʲô
һǿֹסȥƣһʱ²ȣˤǰ
ȫԼʱǱ̧ͷֺõؿ̫ިʦ㣬ѾѧˣԼ𣿡
˵ţԿƵʯͷ˳ȥʱѾӨӨͨʯͷҲ˼ֹʡ
̫ިעʯУ˵ϣֹȴǿѰʯͷϣһ֦ѿ
֦ҶչǿʯͷϣȻһӨ׻䡣
̫ި΢΢üû뵽Ͼ츳
黨þòܻƾĲľ֪ҪĽϵ󷨲
ǰס̫ިȣʦ㣬Ϊͽɣ


30 
Сĵؽһ֧ҡڷ, Ծգ⡣
մÿܾ޵ʦ֣
ŮĲ߳, 壬߰ɣ
տƺؿ֮, ʦһȥģر㲻żˡһĨЦ, 뵽ϾܼˣЦִżۡ
Դʦֳغ, ԼѾż˲ʮΡô, ʦһ֪ǹġ
ǲø, жұǡڶԸԼڵһڻ
ھڣλΣա
ȻЩҲ, Ӧǡ
ȥһͨ˼ǲסϴſº͵ЦС㿴ϲǸϵļū
Щؿһ, ˵, ˵ʦ֣ѾǼϵĵˡ
ð, ü, ƽƽΪҲǹȥ, С㿴һ㣿
һū, Ҷ¼ҵŮ䣡
¶ߺϤĺǳ, ĵײɷ𵭵ɱ⡣
Цü䣺ʦϴҰ֪ҵ, ֻΪǸɢޣǾıҡ
ΧߵˣҺֻΪ, Ҹǻˣʦֲǡ
΢һⷬ΢
塭
û˵ۣ꣬ȥ
סŮļԪӤڵѹɢɫһƬεᡣ
ָŮϸĲɱôˣʵڲһ
ͣڰգվûɱ֡
㿴мķϡ૵
ƺرǧǰһعвľҩعһһؽƣ޶ӦԿǻʿҲ׽롣
꾵Ϊˮ·⴦عŽ˴
ǧ󣬲׺ɣعнҲѾɶÿ½ῪһΣΪϣδԪӤ߱СڵعʱƺأȻн衣
֮ǰôƺأüʱֻƺ֮¡
ôҲûԪӤϵʿͼƺأÿÿΪˣǿнˣöʱ˶
ǾڱѴ˴е֮ƺ轻һ롣
ǾڵУҪ׼ҲǾ׬ȡʯķ֮һ
ϱҪؿʱڶʿںϣŰµľڵ⣬вӵܺɵɢޡ
̫ިվȺ֮Уۣʱ򣬻һ۾Ϳˡ
Ŀ̫ިϣɨߵ𽣬һ˲
ǰͬԼҪõġ
ΪʲôǸڴʦߣֹסðɬ֮⡣
ƫƫʱԱ˿ڵǲڴʦ߸
ֻ࣬ĵشյ̫ިߣеΪӣʦ㣬վãҪҸ׼һ齣һ
ȻʦûдӦԼΪͽ˵ģ£ֻˡֻҪùʦһᱻжġ
һԵ˳ǣԼǵ͹Ƥ
ʦֲΪϴαʦץסֵҹȾƺôŻҪúýѵʦһôڡ
һ竣˻ͷһؼһֺá
ԴʦڵΪӦѵɡ
ʦֱѵòᰡ
ôôֺôʦ㡣
һ̲ס̾ʦʵһû˭ھ͵ʮصġ
ûƽõʦãڣҲ˶ʮذˡ

Χиɬ
ʤʦģΪ常ʦʦеĵλ
ҲԸͬϿȤĴʦ㡣
ôͻȻ֮䣬ʦΪͻͽһٵʮأһ֣˵Ŀⶼϡ
ϰΪȺĵʧ䡣
ע⵽䣬һŮæĵʦãôˣ
ʶԼڼ̫ިȻܽо¸ˡ
滺һ޴У˺ţЩҡ
ƺҪˣ
Ϸڳһֽ̧ӡӿγɵٶȣģһնγɡ
ƺͨʿ½һȿֺС
ڶʿУ˫ͫҲ˿ͻأͨǵС
ֻһͷĿѣƬ̺˫ʵ
ܻ谵޹⣬һػࡣ
İĵعкǰԼΪعƣﲢûбˮû
ʹʦһģû뵽˵عоȻֿˡ
СǰѾﲻֹһΣȻ֪Σգܴ⡣
𽣿ڰ
һŲ첽ߵߣЩϲص㣬̫ˣ
عУܱȹһðȫ
ͷ˱һȥڹս֮󣬳һҡ
ңƺصĵعвֻҪƽ⣬ȡ
ǰԿϵ󷨣ЩͷۣǴʦھͺˡ
ʵڿЩ󷨣ƽ󷨣ǿŶķѵȻࡣ
ʦ㣬Ǵʦ㣡ҧס˴
ĬƬ̲ŵʦ𣿡
Լû˵¡
˵ͷһ常ʦҲͨǻ˭˴ʦ󷨣
Ҿôʦʹǰȫһˡ૵
̾һҲ˴ʦµ˵ĻΪԼãʦΪҲʵ̫Щ
ʦк;٣ȴݼҸмңȻ֪࣬Ҳ޷ͻġ
Ǵʦ׿ԣʦҲûз治£롣
ʦҲΪá̲ס
𽿴Щɻ󣺡ʶʦ㣬ȴʶʦֵð
һϣһʱ޻˵
ЩȻǰ֪Լݣ᲻Լ
ĥƿʱعһ࣬ѭԺзعȥ
谵޹ڣ὿СҲڷɿǰУ֮һӰ
̨֮ϷһŹ⻪ӨӨŮ˫ֳ֮ͫ⣬ڿ£ָץ̨֮ϵ
Ҫ֮ʱһһ£ò㿪
ڸ̨֮ϣӸµؿųԼǰŮˡ
Ѫ¡
̿ͰʮߣѪ¡
νСŮһĨаЦ⣬Żд漸һָѸС˶ɫȫǰָ˱Ŀ
˹Īĺɫ࣬һѪ죬ƺԩܿ޺
СӣүүҸʲôǰ꣬жȥαװĶ±ЦţԪӤڵѹк¡
༹Ծֱͦ϶µĿ⣬һһѰ𡪡
Ц𵤣Ҳǰ̸Ѱ֡
ʲô𣿡²Ŷ֣ʵɱĸĸˣţǶĵ£
˵ţЦˣëûӣҲеµˡ
಻ΪµĻŭ⣬𴽽ǵΪϪ̫ɽҴһʮĿڣѰ𡣡
ЦţȴѾûЦ⡣
üͷǰЩʱգƺ˳һ˴䲹Ѫ
һȺ϶ѣͬʲôϵ
ûʲôϵֻ˳ۣҪ ໺
ҵЩȤѵ֮ʱ©֮㣿
ֵʲôۣ
಻٣ǡá໰£̨֮𷱸ƣӳ⣬ٲκЦ⡣һˮ


31 
Ϫ, Ϊ̽뿪ϡ;̫ɽʱµϸ˷һˮ
Ůոºӣˮȥ̽Ů
ЩԸ֯Ϊũ˵, ˮѾǼѵõĲƷ
Ϊ̫ިĳְ֣½ƿ齣ȼƻĸ뿪Ϫɡ
پ̫ɽʱ, ԭƴ̵ĴΪѪɷ֮, 紵ҰƺԩϿտ޺þòԸȥ
̫ɽҴһʮĿڣ, һ⡣
¥ų֪, ¥, ˵֡
̿Ͱʮ, Ѫ¡
ҴһʮĿھΪ, ȻʲôԹ, 붯̿Ͷ֡ǵֻΪΪ׷ɱǱɱЩ˲Ѫ
Ϊһˮ, ҪȡµЩĴˡ
Ϊ׷ɱԭ, ؾȡƺصعԿ
¼ȻԿ, Ҳǰƺءҹζ࣬һԿеϢδػܱסԿ
дһ, ؽ˾ڡ
ع֮У֯һƬ£һƿ֯
ˣҲɱġ
Ц⣺Щνʿϲ£Ҳһ룬ԼûǸ˳ͷ
ϮƱ仯ڿС
̧֣סһͨ崿ڵľֱֱ¶
¼ˣɴЦһľҲɱˣ
ܺӿתǿ
ͬʱὣײѪӿ˺üվΡ
ǱƽƽĺɫľȻǧ֮أУѰһ顣
󷨱ãľ಻Ĺ£¾ȻڵƵˡ
ǰãΪƺصĵعԿˣʳٷ˵ѪҲδܽȫָԽ࣬ԪӤڵĶһʱ֮侹ȻԳơ
Ҳ㵽£ŻڵعеŶ¡ڶȫʢ֮ʱԽΪɱһԪӤʿ
²Ӿ̨ϵİץȥ
һλܵľ꣬ħ޶ԣǾѵĴ֮Ƕ½գһָܻΪҲһء
ع֮ʱܵĴڣԥȶ¸쵽
عнأԿһ·ǰȴҪԼƽơڸֽƵ˽⵱Ȼö࣬Ҳȶ¸缸֡
ۼҪȡž꣬ȻԸһ̤ϣǿнϷ䡣
ɫɷһҧɫ꣬긡գҪᣬȴһֻȽס
̫ި֪ʱ乬Уιܣµɷ˸̨ϡ
΢أԶ˱ɶ̬֮
̤عһ̣̫ިԺбǵԵعߴǰߡ
ѭһļ䣬ҵԼҪŶع
ʶеǾ˲дһʶ
û˷֣ʶҪɢˡ
֮ǰôƺأʶƻ
𻹿һ¿̫ި
̫ިϲвοž˶£ǵ·һ
ת뽫ȥȴž꾹лɢӿ̫ިۡ
̫ިɫ΢䡣ȷʲô
ħޣ¾ɲ⾫ֻħ޲գ
̫ިһȫȻħʲôɫ粻ٲֱ̫࣬ި
񾫻ڣֻҪԼѪҲһ
˿Ʋס̨һʯ̫ި㿪ڵĶ¡
񲻹˲ŻԪӤڵĶӲӲ
༰ʱϵڶٴγǰǰ⴩͸ɷն¡
̫ިһΪΪޣ˵ΪԪӤʿĶ£㹻·ġ
ľȻأȴǲǺõķ˪̫ިü໻һѽ¶ֻࡣ
һڣһڵСȻɱɫٹ˼Լƣתں콻ӵɷڴʱӿ
ЩأսеĽ
һƬƬӽȥ˲䣬˫Ŀͫ
ºԥֳ̧ƣ⣬Ӵײһһನ
൹ɶȥֱײϵعʯǽֹסȥơŻһѪٴִ
µοȥãһߴ糤ĽǰЩڵѪڵأڰĵعУúǷ
ԭѪֲǿᡣ
ǧľУҲСһ㡣
ɱ𣬻̫ЩһϴŶЦݣɫƺҲΪĶȥ졣
𣿡ЦһϺٶƬв޾⡣
̫ި˿ͣʯǽϣָĵ
һٴδ֮У̫ިʶʲôĿͶ£ȴһʱ
ϾԪӤڵΪ
̫ިڻָעۣ֪ĴڷЩͫ׻ΪһƬɫ
¶ˣҲʱڣ磡
仰ڣ̫ިдһʹһѪᣬȥΪɲ
ҲˣɫĽת˫ͫѪһƬþٴγ
̣˺ţֻһƬҡѪڣٴһѪɫԳί١
ڳ¶ʯǽ֮ϣŵؿᴩľ˻ܡ
ô䡭
ҵڶŰ˾ۻϢ΢һָҲ
Ҳһ̱ۣľ¡
ֻǻˤڵϣȻһϸСߣѰߣͷϸֻǡ


32 
ڵĺ, Ŵ磬βͼϻȱƬͷֻӨ
գһºڶ, Щκ, 㰡
ΪҪ, ̫ިȫˤڵ, һʱûж
ɫС߮, ֱ, ͷ, һѪ
𡭡һƬƵ΢, ľдһů½ֲƺҲ𽥺ת
̫ިϴȴ, һ, Сߣ˳ȥ
˿ϵѪ, ǡУƬɫ֣
һƬ౻ԶԶ˳ȥ, һ, 㲻ܿƵص˻ȥ, ̫ިֱ, Ƶز˲䡣
ָ, ȻҲԼйء
һ۱ʯǽϵĶ£̫ިԴ䱸վû, οġ
ûйԼֱһŤŤȥСߣ̫ިתķɿӿڡ
µĺȻʮ΢ѵض˶ͷ޹ĵعңвѵԼҪ
վȻػ죬ΪηĴڣھҪƺ
ѪȻһ𵤺һСǳЦ
ҪҲΪǣ
´߶ԼԼһɫٴЦݡ
ʩչһ㹻߶ѪеĵعԿƺصԿ²ֱ۵ѪС
µõԿʱղ㳤ȻȫԿãҲ̽Կع⣬ܽعƴ򿪡
ȻҪˣǱɣ
һضɽҡǽֳƣ˲Ϣ֮һк¡
̫ިûж㣬Ҳû㹻㣬οֻǵһˡ
ҧָ⣬ָһѪ·ģѾ׼ǿпסһꡣ
ʦ㣬Сģʱ򣬺һ𵽴ع𽿴һĻʧ
д򶷵ĺۼ̫ިɫ֮ƽӲ԰ף𽵱ȻѾľ
̫࣬תܣڼ֮ʱ̫ިǰ
ֻľ磬Լ겻ѣƫƫҪǿԹܵӲӲĴ취
οعãҲ˲
ֱһɢ˿ϸ亹
ͷ̫ިĵʦ㣬û°ɣ
մоȳһ㣬ֻҪ㲻˵վ֮ο̫ިʶ֮ˡ
һпУֶ༸ֲͬζ
ʹʦ㣬ʱܵĹϵ
̫ިû뵽ôȥЩӵлĶͣ
𽣡վԶżǡ
Ҫ˵ʲôȴע⵽ʯǽƱãǡ
ɫһ䣬ʶȥ
ʯҡ̫ި
ûԥȡԼɽʯ֪ΪΣ̫ި䵭̲סһֿäĿΡ
һʯΪ촷ۣ̫ިӿлƷĵٶȡ
ۿŵعƽҪٴ
ʲôʦˣ
û֮⣬Ҳû̫ިʦúԼ֣Ӧܽʦһȥ
Сҽʦ㱧һƣ
վԭûж򴽣ڵ𽣬ع޶˱䶯ӳȥѣټϴʦ㣬ֻ˶Ҫ
һôҲû뵽ô˵
Ļмֵʱûе֮Ǿܾ̫ިġ
Сô˵ĻһĪѹû˵ʲô뱧̫ިڴʱ̫ިѪд͵ķһʡ
ĳΣ˲Ϣû棬໥ӦʯǽϵȻٴڽƽҪת֮ʱǿжס
˿ƿնӶȡѪĵعԿ̫ިסҼ磬뿪
СߵϣѪ
û뵽ˣ̫ިıӰЩѿ
ҧҧȥعȥ
ȼ棬֮УһʶĶ̧ͷ㱼䣬һ겻Ӱ
£𡭡૵
ҡ㡭
̫¼ҵСϲ˼б΢ūޡ̫ŭūΪҪЮ޸ŵԵɡ
ò˫ȵūӳ̫һϢ
˫ԶĻΣѩһѪۡ
ūûħ´̿͡
ֻǵٻʱĹա
¼£ˣǲˡ
Ϻɫɷȥ¶һŰ̺۰߲
²֣ҪӵסԼ겻İˡ
ָⴥǰŮĻӰʧµ˱Ť£
¡
˵֣ѪĿڲӿֱܻС
عĽƶҪ뿪谭
ʯɿģ̫ިڣҪ㿪ЩƲ¡
ն㿪һĻ棬ϼ̶һʹǱˡ
ǰ̫ިıӰвһί
ӽͰԼҲͬǰһ׽ˡ
˲䣬һػ潦ϣһʹʧ
ֻͷһۣ㱻̫ިżߡ
ˮȴû棬Ȼ
̫ިӰѾԶֻʹϡ
ڶعʿȥ̫ިƿ·Ͻƣǰˣ˲Լͬظ
˭ȻֻһۣƽعеĽƣ
Ҫ֪عеĽƣ඼ǲʶĸ߽󷨡
ǾڵĴʦ㡭
̫ˣλʦһϵһǷ
̧ۿ̫ި۹Ѫᣬֳֵġ
һӺ̫ިһȺβڵ˵عڡ
˴ѾۼʿɫȴʼղƿڴĽƣ϶ֳ顣
ʮؽƣۣ뽫һƿܽ⿪ƣ
ôأҪԪӤʿˡ
һ붯֣ȻƿЩƣڸǺã
ƽ̺λһƺص쳣ǻǵġ
عֻƽǻûǾû
ΧյͳƲƣѵǾҪعˣ
̫ިæӭʦ㣬û°ɣ
ˡ̫ި
̧ͷһʮĽƣ֣ʯ
ʦҪʯʲôЩԣֻǿŰѪ̫ިʵûеӿʣԹԴɽеʯ
ԴԴϵʯɽеܿһ˸ߣЩۻ
áöʯЩͣûôʯ
ȻϣΪޣĸֻǸˣȻжʯ
ĸԼҼΪͣ׬ʯıҲܼΪԼҼӣһ簮Լĸûȱʯá
ΧҲ˹ڸʲôѵ֮ǰһԼжٲƲ
̫ިû˽͵ȤַʯϣתʱʯΪ촷ۡ
ž̫ި̧֣һƾ˵ڿ
һ̣˵Ŀⶼ̫ިϣƽơ
ŷټٵʯмŮǰҲɽȡʯǲܻųȥٶʯʲôá
ʯ֮󣬳ɫײ񷶥ϵĽơ
̶ʯǽϳֲظƣһ·ϡ
ʮؽһ飬̫ިջ֣ذȹڷ𣬶ɢǵĹâ¡
վһ̣ûܴƿĿ⡣


33 
ƺϷ, һھڳҲ˺׵ع춯໥һۣ鶼мء
عΧĽôˣ
ҪǰرˣŹ˲һա
ƺؿŶռ, ȴŻһվҪرա
عƾҵҲûȫİܴӳ, ֻ´˷еĵ׶༪ˡ׷ĳ̾һ, ɫ
ĵҲƺأû뵽⡣
ŽҲڽС, ζƺؽǿйرա
ʧ, ôصʿҪˡ
ضԣԪӤϵʿ, ǿӳ˽عرյٶȡ
ҵʿѰԼСʱ, ޴в, عʿһһԺ»ع, ȻԳǱ֮ˡ
ˮһһҷ̫ިںϡ
⿴ϻδȫɺԵѪ, һ͡ƺоʲô£Ϊλôصˣ
һ, ڵӴ˵Եع, 䭶ʱɫ䣬Ҳ˲̫ި
ݫiҲ첽ǰ, ɽȡ˵ҩֱι񣺡Ͽɻʲô˴
, ʵ硭ʦ֣ҵҵ°ɣ
ݫiοֻǱ, ݸˡ
˾̴ԼųŮݣһԵ̫ި𽣺ͬΪƽ̵ӣôۼСҲܣ
𽿴һۣû˵
֪ǴӴҲǰǰҪˡ
ˣǰһ˭ôҼҴʦ˵
Ҫûдʦ㣬ڵعˣ
ǰ˴ʦ㣬ǲܴƺҲûܳһԵľڵ̲סڵ
ʲôҲ֪ôҺָʦ㣿
˶˹˾̴ЩĿƵһ
ֹƺعرյԽԽһ죬䭺һھڳϱ͵ر˼
ϢѪߣеСô
һھڵӿȻʦһƽصĵӡ
̧ͷһ̫ިӯڽޣȴû˵ʲô
˳Ŀ⿴ȥ̫ި䵭һʱв֪ʲôζ
ӵعнŮԡ£϶¶ٺЦݡ
ʱ򣬻ľڵԶԶ̫ިڵķ񣺡лʦ֮
ˣΣΪߵͣӵعӵ˾㶼̧̫ިһ񣺡лʦ֮

ԼһܳΣֻصɽ겻ıѩ֮γһ뵰ڹĹˮţѩɽѵõϡů⡣
ڣ̫ިŰԼ˯ÿˮСߣޱ˳ȥ
ϵѪѾϴȾѪİ»£ʱһ°ɫ¡
ڣھԾʹиǿտҲ
ǿнʯתΪ̫ިѸ޹ľԼѾΪܹѡ
ɳȥ໹ûѣ뿪̫ިԼԶʱ岻ܿƵַ˻
β̫ިϸ˯²ʡСûƤûز˲䡣
֮ǰģ⡣
ȫ֪ʲôСߣ̫ިָۣһ㽫൹ڻϡ
зȱƬβεţۡЧԼûӲ˶١
ڷд˸磬ת
βʶסܣſԼȻʮ౶̫ިȻúûȫУ
ˡ̫ިƳһۣ䵭
ͷ˿ԭεԼðɣεǱԼĺࡣȻʱָΣܶõҲ΢΢Ѿõ
ިƺУл
֮ǰΪ̿ƣԼлɣ಻ñǸ
ʶ̫ިȴԼѹû֡
βһʹӻˤ
̫ިСϵķӡģ
طӡѹѪζţһѪᱻӡɡ
ΣΪӡɵĽ
Ҽλʦ¡˦˦β̫ͣܿިĿ⡣
̫ިʯϣķӡƣ֪ǵĵӣǽ㵱ˡ
дżּû˵Ҳ֪Լ˵ʲô
̫ިҲû˵ֻΪƼˮķˣ㲻ϧӡҲҪɱ£Ӽ̫ިҲֻһ
һҲ̫ި
̫ި˱ʯ׼Ҹط˯ϰ¡
˷ֻͻƵһطӡɱ˶£ިƿطӡ㲻ֻǻָôˡ
̫ިĶʲô
֮දһͣ漴ٴεɻ
ͷתֱô¡
̫ިüҲ֪
಻аԣһǻص̫ިֱߡ
Сֳ˼ɫֻһֿܡ
̫ި䣬΢ƬƤ˾
̫ި΢䣬ȴȻͷᣬ漴ֳѵı顣
Ϊʲô
һСռ˱˵̫ިѾ˳ȥ
ٴαǿͻ̫ިߵƽʯϣһΪİꡣ
˭ܸΪʲô˯һͱԼˣԼ
ԼڵΪ߲ԼҲ̫åˣ
̫ި̧֣ƽװ㱻ȸĿԣָ棬䵭ô¡
˵Լ𣿡೤̾˿ڵž뿪˵ԭ򡣡
ި֪ôͻȻԼˣ˼⣬̫ިڵΪԼʩչġ
֪̫ި˶٣ֵν
װԣҲ֪Լ޷뿪̫ިҲܡ
ʲôʱָܻΡ̫ިʵ
Լɡβͷ̫ȷ
̫ިü鿲ˣҲС
ش
βָָ˫һСǣǿԼݡ
̫ިޱ˫ǣҲС
ҲûʿԼޣƩֻȸȪʵʳֱԼˡ
ô壬ôһͷȸ
̫ި֪ΪƾĪһͷ΢ڵҸʲô
ĿͷβֻƬĵط
ƬУŬԼβͣ޶ȥͺˡ
ƬۣǰΪ¥Ϣģ֪Ҫòٳ
ȹԼķϣȻѪֵʯ̫ިҲ
Ȼ뵽ʲôǰСߣɡ
ʾ䣬ȴƶ
ȥץʦԼˡ
ͷ˿Լ߳ãȻ̧ͷ


34 
ʦ, ʦ㣡
ϣ̫ިۣȻʲô, ȴɢ̲ס˱
ƺطͻ䣬һھڳȻҪʽعĵ, عΧĽڳŶΪͻȻת
̫ިˣ䭼ʹ, ȥѰҽΡ
һѪȥɲȴأֻĹȣǿ뾭ʹ
˱, ̫ިʱΣ㲻תķ, ѵʲôҲ, ˯һҹ
лż˯̫ިֻ̧˯ǰŵ̵಻֪ʲôʱ˴, ſ̫ި, Ƥһһ, ȫûļ
ԺдĽһֱ̫ͣި˿, š
ڳ֣˷ܵذ֣ʦ㣬
𣿡̫ިޱվ£סӳȥĳ嶯
˯Ժ౻ȷ˳̫ިϡ
ʱ, ɵҲĲˬ̫ި䵭£ڨڨһԵĸ˶㣺ʦ㣬㻹ûϢð
¡̫ިϻֱӵ
æУȻ¡ⲻߪҪʼҵҲ˵š˵ƺУȫʦң׼һлҪҸʦ
˵ţͳһöɽ䡣
ԼҺΪԼҼԸֵȻ൱󷽡
öɽУһƷʯ
ԸԭǧʯлǣĶôӲθߵһʯ
ϲ̵ض̫ިἰ£˿Լʲôòԡ
ѵۣǡ̲ⷬסĬĬͬԸһ롣
̫ިûнɽ䣺ƽƣΪԼ뿪Ϊˡ
ڵȷȱʯҲղԼõĶ
̫ިһϲǷ顣
ȴʲôΪʦ˵عƣǲܳûʦ֣˵ҾҪڵعˡ
οҵȱģʯʦ㲻ʡǮ
˵ʦ֮ǰָ󷨣Ҷûбʦ㡣
ȻҲԼС˼Լôгķϣʦ˵Ըָָˡ
̫ިһۣûиı⡣
޷ģȷǸ⡣
һ׮ͬã΢΢˴ǡ
ף仰ʵЩͷԡ

߱Уſ̫ިϵŸڿеĸû¿ˮ
иθʳ׹㷺Щķֲ˵Ǵ֮
ԭε࣬ⱻ屾ƣ߱
̫ި֮󣬰վڵĹأ߱ȡֵһǧʯµһǧʯ̫ިǿһãҲ̫ĵǰ߱ԭ
պõ̫ިһ۶黨ˮָ࣬ⰴͷת
Ǳ۰Ͱ͵ؿô˵ҲԼޡ
ϧ̫ިΪȥ
ǰգ˼֣඼Ǿڵӡ
ߪԽϪɡңɵɢޣڸĸױҹԼӵǰġ
ˮڣŽŮһ˵Ц
һƬ΢¶ʱ֦Ҷҡҷ񻡣
ˣָԶΨһһʢķ۰ô˴һƬԴΪעΣ
˭ժǶǽյһˡ
˵ţԥȡ˷һ֧ҡʯϡҡϺһ㵭⣬׹µļ⣬һ鱦
ֻǱȽЩȤһŮʡ
£ҲͬʱӦǡ
üЦޣҿû˵ֻǱȽǲԼķҪժˡ
⵹Щ˼˽ͣ˶ȤȡһΪͷϡöãϱһѹ⻪תķֲ
ЩŮңֱǴȱ
ߪԻмտʼʲô֮һȺеû˴һôҲҪЩӴʱ䡣
Щ˵ʵʲôһ˵ͷȴ˶ġ
ڶ¶Լȳˮ鿡
мŮϡ
ϣһ׷̣̽ץסļ򣬽¡̷ֳ̧ƣ꼱æ㿪˲Ҷϣʹ˲
̶̼Ϣ֮䣬Խǣֱȥ
һۣҲ֣ͣǰȥƬҶҶƿն׾ͽǰ޷ļ˻ˮС
Ҫǰʱһס̵ĽŮʱλá
㣬ҾˣŮһЦǰ
̵˼ҶסΣҲ׷ǰ
ɲ䣡
֪ԼѣҲתȥ
ˮĽüʱ̵ֻմʪ½ǣûϵ˵ŮˤˮУһֻֻ
ֵЦЦ˲Խǰ
㵱˵һˣҲ
Ϸײۻҡ
̶㿪ҷɵڻ֮ϣһԾбǶժȥ
ԶŮˣ¶һ㼱ɫ˲ˮĻƵȥ
Ƕµˮҡҷţġ
˴Ϊϻҵƻƽ⣬һ㵹ŽŽҪ񷤣
ԭشתһʱ߲ˡ
վϵ̫ިޱ̧֣סµĺˮ
񷤲ٻζŶʱ˿
ʱ걻˱ˣϵ˹ϣ
̫ި΢΢ָ̧ҽԵĺˮС
Ӻ̽ͷЩãȻողӦڴ
ǰҳ棬ŲЩΪѣɳ˿
ǻؾؾĺΣȴǲöˮˡ
භŮȴϾ˼ڴ˴񷤣ź̫ި񲢲Ӱ죬ûнĴ㡣
һŮˮһ֣Ļ۶ϣۿĨ۰ҪУ̷߷׹
۰ɫӿзӶڶŮĿ⣬Ҫµĵطȴ̫ިڵ񷤡
˲Ϣ֮䣬Ϣ̫ި
ÿγţܻϵ鷳
̫ިɫ䣬̧ջһĻӲͣסȥƣһƬҶϡ
⣬Ҳϳ̫ިµķģǳ̫ǰҲ㲻ˡ
һʣһҫĿŮɶ½һһһˮ
£̧̫ިȥĿ֮ʱ̫ިоּȻ֮ɫ
һᣬһΡ
̫ި뵽ھڣټΡ
ˮеŮ̧ͷǶ۰ʱ׹УŮһذɫľڵӷƮȻ


35 
˭
һ, ӦǾڵӡ
ջнΪҲδȻǾڵӣôҲԪӤɡ
ջ, ֻڶأ
ںʱڷϳôһλ, ôȫû˵
ˮʪŮͷӶ, һʱҲ
̫ިͷ漴㽫京Щ΢ߡ
Ҳ̫
С̫ިһ, ʵûеӲʶô߿ڴţίίؽȥ
߰ɡ̫ިŵͬɵ˼
ǲʶڽ̫ިҲ̹ϵѰ
һѺõĵ, ᲻ͬǣѵʱĿܡ
ڽռǰ̫ި֪ԭϪӵܡ
Ҳ֪δĹ, 緢, Цޡ
̫ިıӰ, ¶ε֮⡣
̶̼Ϣ֮ջڷϵһ͡
ǿ֪˭̿ʵ
һڣԾ˲ʶ
Щ찡૵
ˣߵŮڵ, ǾڵĴʦ𣡡
, ˵ǰƺس⣬λʦһʮؽƣ˴ң
Щϧ, ֪ҲǰڣʶʶʮؽƵķġ
ʶ𣿡񷤻ǰȻʵһֱ̫ިϣȻڿ˲仯
ʶˡ̫ިֵһϮƮȻ˪ѩ֮ˡ
⻰˵ʮֹŹ̧֣ͷȴûа仰ЦлһĨ˼
صʱԼѾԺ
̫ިæӭʦ㣬ˣ
ĶԵܵܵʦǰ˵ǹȣڵӣĹȡ
Ȼû仰Ҫֽѵһ٣֪ʲôлӿڳ
ע⵽̫ިϵСߣЩʦ㣬ʲô
ߡ̫ިص
ûз֪֪񾵻ӣ˵ԼǿԼ˵̫ިһ鷳
ϾѪ
ѰŮ޶ϲë׵裬ʦȻڲͬƫƫϲߣ
ȻѰһ˫ǣҲûɡϾǧٹֵ̫࣬һ˫ǵ࿴ʵڲô⡣
ϵķӡѹѪͬҲڸϢ
ôͺβֵͣ⻹ͺβء
ʱѾһβͳϡ
һ̫ިվûҶ֡˲С˹һСһʶ
ƿĿ⣬̫ިʦ㣬ҪҩѾȫˡ
֣ʾɽнϰֲҩȡ˳
ŶѳСɽҩģҩȫɨһĽ
ԥһ£̲סʵʦ㣬ЩҩĿɴ඼ʲôʲôҩ
ʦҪЩҩֲֻˡȻԴҲ˽⣬Ʒ͵һתҩҲòЩûĻݡ
絤ҩΪһת֮ʱҩӦתĵƣԽ֤࣬ҩƷԽߡ
̫ިûнͣһϲʲôֻպȡ
ˣҲûеȥҲ˵ԼʦôȿԼϵ
ʦôһĵ
˵˵ҩ£Ҳ˿ߣֺõشյ̫ިߣʦ㣬㿴Ҷϴθҵ󷨲͸ˣָһ
׼ٽʱ⴫Ļʾڴʦڣ
˭˻Щˬص
Ժˣ㲻ٹ˼̧̤УԶԶ̫ިһϲϪϣΪƺ֮лڴʦ㡣
˵ţ֣ص̫ި
˴ƺأʦŽҵȲСг֪ºұ±񣬻ʦЦɡ
ϣңȫȻ̫ިĶ㲻ܲԻر塣
ء̫ިν񣬡ƽƣΪǡ
˵仰꺮ãֱȥ
ֳЩ΢ɫ׷ȥȴ£ҼҴʦ鵭ĽȻл񡣡
ĵʦԼлûգο˵ġ
ɡ껹˵ʲôסļǿдȥ
ʦһϲϲˣĸлʦ㣬ͲҪ徲ˡһġ
㲻Ҳ𡭡
𣿡ɴۣŭ
ߵŵл꣬Ҳû뿪Ĵ㣬۷ȥ
̫ިλϣ̧ΪԼһյ裬һˮ
Ĳӳ뵲УԳֱ䡣
ʦ㣬ѾϵˡΪƺ֮£ֻ»вǰл̽
̫ި²ˮ̧ȥϴżЦЦ飺Σ
ϵΪʦܣȻҪΪʦǰ
ɿһƤͬôЩ˴򽻵ʵЩӣʦǲҲͬ˼˼
̫ި˿Ҳ⣬׳һöæֽ̧סʶɨУʱֳɫ
̫ިһֹסЦݣʦģڣһסЩˣ߶ʦ㣡
˵գС߳ȥ
ʦĴȣõΪֹ
̫ިҲȱ㵽˱ˮһࡣ
ԶԶԶɽӰˮ֮вչͶ£ˮǸ
̫ިȡ߱µĵ¼µһԣǵ
ļβ̽ʶϢ֮Ѿıϡ
в¶һɫеδġ
һѰһת鵤õ鵤֮һڻָ̫ިĵƽ鵤ĵͬ
Ѱ鵤ƣڿĵֻһΪʮѰҩΪƻ鵤
þȣϸϸĥ־ʮ޻̸֮
ڶȴаĵȴδ˵ġתҩȴʿʵģѳݣҲǲĻݡ
֮ǰͬЧõģתҩһöҪǧʯ
ж
ʵںܺ棬˭֣֮վûпڡ
ҪЩִ硣
̫ިʶɨɽеĳ񻯽ڤ㻹߻٣ȸǺѪ
ȻһЩ¡
ˮڣɿ̤˶Уֽն˷˵ͷ­
Ŀ⿴β򿴵Сߣ̫ިЦˡ
һ˲·֦ϱѩ΢չ»ڽ⡣


36 
㣡һɫȹŮ߽ھݾ֮, 
̹ǰִʣϰ֡
ڷ, дһֺ֡, ֶׯӺ, ˿ֻĿ
Ůյ, ϵ֣δ̺Ѻ
ԽԽˡ
ЦЦдһ֣Ż±ʣ㲻ҪմĵĲͷȥλڴʦ, ôͻˣ
ŮƲƲ, ЩˣŶûܽȥ, мڵ⣬˵ʲôʦϲʲôͬ˵ǣǺôļӡ
ȥݷλʦ˿治, ҿŶϪյ˱ŸҲûôӣ
ЦЦǰƺǰر, عƾǾڴʦǿʯ֮Խ׻ƿ۵ʮһؽ, Ϫźӵ֪ܲûлܳƺءȻҪŸл
Ů¶Ȼ飺ԭˡô֪㲻ǳգûȥƺ𣿡
̳գգۣȻص˴ˡ

ܽʯ֮Խ׻, 츳ʵƽһˡ̾游˵ڷ츳Ȼȴûаˡ
ʲôŮ̫ףѧĲǷ
ܽ´ڵĴ󲿷ֽƣǸ߽׷׭ʱвֻһʣ˷ġ
ͽ׷´ϼʣҲܳɷ
Ǿڴʦ˭Ů̲סʵ츳ߵˡ
ƫƫͷϸУδȹǲ֪ġ
պһϻ˱ǰ
ŲʯͷҲ̧ʦޣ񣬲ˣһΪתл⡣
ЦҼȲҲʦлġ
ѵҲģ̧ͷӳŮЦӡ
û۾ƿĿ⣬̵䣬۾ȻһϺõ˿Ǳڿͻ
Ц֪˭ѰҼʦк£
Ϫϣ̡
ϪϵҲ˵ģһǸţԭǰŮ
Ϫϣѡ̧һ
Ҳֻ̧Ѿ˱£ҲԼԼǸ⣬Ǿľϻ
ͷԵѰҽϻڴʦ㡣
ľϻͷʺţⲻ
Ҽʦ㲻񡣡ٴǿһ顣
̽͵ϻзŵģһ
򿪣æֹ񣬻ǧСġ
˵ǰչڴʦƺʮһؽأԴ˷ڴʦ̣ҲתǽʱСġ
ô죬ǵһͷġȻ˵ֲ̣Ϊ˵лӦ°ɡ
ľϻѷģһύʦġ
뿪æǰ£еһлû˵أ
ֳЩ΢ɻ
ѣǼԵ㿴öۡ
һԵֳʦô˭˵Ե
Сɵİ״ƿһ򿪣еҩɢڿС
漴ϲؽȴаĺôˣȴаһöֻҪƷʯʿʵ鵤˵òֹһ
δٹȵʿʳȣʱһڱ۹ʿȻٹȣƽջǻʳҩڱ׶ѻ
ȴаãϴ壬ʿڲдʶء
̿ȴаϵƣû˵ʲôתҩʿʵġ
뵽ԼҪתͽ̻˼˼һö
Ҫֵ
һöȴаϲ̵պʯԼʦ߷ˡ
ƺУΪ˰ʦƳƣϵʯ߰˰ˡô˻ᣬúúô˽Ǯ
ȴаǺĵģԼһöֵʯ
Ȼտȴа˲࣬˵ʿȥһԣ֪ⵤҩĺôʱûлͷ͡
ƻ֮ʱ̬ήң⼸ҩͷˡ
˼ʱţĻΧ㲻پ̫ި֮ڣֻҪڰɿ⣬㲻ٱǿͻء
⼸յȷ̫࣬ިһ裬ο
뵶ϣ̫ިִһյ裬Ų㣬ʱ̤
˲ˮǰһʦô֪ҿˣ
˵ţǰյһ
Ъϵ˲űһβȹȥ⧲вˮ˳
֮ţ̫ިһܹ࣬˷ɽĲˮ
ٵһյ裬סյ߰ؿһۣˮ
ɳ˳ǣǱһ߱
侲侲ӺɷûҪһһʶ
ʲô̫ި²䵭ʵ
æȡҪԼתľϻĻʵ̫ިʵʦľϻұͻȥ
̫ިʾ£һľϻЩʦ㣬Ҫ𣿡
֪⽣ʲôֵλԼҪ򿪡ôԼҲˣʵȻȲϴʦ㣬Ҳû̫ɡ
̫ިһľϻֽ򿪡
һȻӿͻأһ硣
ȻⶸȻ𣬴һǰķ
ڿһ̣ס˺ٶȺҲΪĳּˣѹȸ£ԼֽŶá
סյ̧ͷ̫ި׼ô
ڷ𣬼㽣⽫Ҫ£̫ިԾɲʲô顣תڽȫ֮ǰ̧֣ջ˼ʡ
ϷͻȻͣˣڶݵľֹ󣬽Ĺâȥ
ˣ㶵վԭء
ǵޱȵĽ⣬Ȼ֮ǰ̫ިĶΡ
ʦ̫ˣ
Ҳֳ־ޣ̫ިÿһʣŽڡΪƼ򵥣ڷм裬ˡ


37 
ۼŽɢ, ڳ˿ʱʮԼûв̵ĻԴװ˽ľϻ
һľϻ, ƾԼ֮, ҵķŹȻʵ
ԼȻ
һ̣ޱ̵ʶһ, ĬĬ
ͬ, ˺˵Ĳôô󣿡
عͷ̫ި, Ȼ̺ʦ͸ˡ˵ĽҲֻ⣬Լû
д˽ֽľϻ״, ЩϹ, ϻŴ죺ԭİ
ֻķҲ̫Ĳˡ
̫ިû, ϻж̼, ֻ̡ȼ仰ͽǰնԼ, Ϊ̫ިǸ, ԵȻ̫ިУôͷ㶼ù
ʦ㣬дʲô̽ͷ̽Եʣβסĺ档
Ҳûʲôֵñܵģ̫ިֽ̼ݸ, Ŀɨϻ鲢ʲô仯
бīƬ̺̫ިڶ
īʦ, Ҫλѻţͷûűīֽϰߡ
Ҳð죬̸Լ࣬ȥ׼ī
̫ިûľϻ˼Щ֣ʦ㣬㲻ӮǵıԣЩӦǡ
Ϊʲô£
̫ިûлشΪԼһյ裬΢΢һڣĵĶȴôƲĿ⡣
߶߶˵ź󣬲һʱ̣˻
һӣϱֳһ̴ľıʼܣʦ㣬ǺϺ֪ʦһ֣
˵ţȡһⲢʮīʮʵزֽͬ
סյл֮ɫ
һĻ͵ؿһģĻһʦҪֺôʦ㣬ǵȻȡ
̫ިȡһ֧Ǻʣˣǰڵʦ㣬ʲôīĥī
īɢ̫ިִպī֭дֽϣӱʻ·ġ
÷ɰڷֽ֮ϣ̵Ľֽͨϣȴ˿٣Ѱϰʿˡ
̫ިûзɰΪԣΪī޴ܳɷ
񾳽磬īֽΪ壬ܽĴ
ֽϵī⣬̫ިһʱʻģ˫۱Щʹ
ΪһЩֵܣԭҲڿ⴦ʱѾƫͷֱ̫ިдµķġ
ŷĽɣֻԼ˫ĿĴʹԽԽջƿĿ⡣
Ψ໹ֱֽϽҪεķġ
ӿɫīӳ֮£ȻתΪ̽ɫ
̫ިһ£ֽϷĵȫΣһ㣬ͬΪ
̵֮Ľ̫ިĸ˿ú졣
ģоһɱ֮⡣
ʵڲһδŮдķġ
̫ިֽľϻľϻ£ھ£ڻɢȥҲƻĿ⡣
ָǺ̫ިָһǺʱص˱ʼϡ
ľϻǰһƣ̫ިϻȥ
æͷźϵľϻ̲סٴθпʦ̫ˡ
ʱһԵȻͷͰݣʦ㣬Ϊͽ
ֲʦʦܣԭʦô
ԺֻҪʦзԸǾǾ칷Ǿϼĵ
ԣ׾丽͵
ſˣѲˣ
һ漴Цȥʦ㣬㿴ô

ǵڶȥѰ̵ģɫҴҲûʱš
ʱϰ֡
ڷϵ츳ϼѣȴδи
Ůǰݼ˿⣬ɡ
ţֻ鷿вõú£ǽϼ򵥹˼黭һɫɺԵĴɸҲǾᡣ
̶סĵطû̫Ҫ󣬵һҪϰֵ鷿Щ
ÿֽϴ˱ʣڱʼϣ̧ͷЦԵѡ
һȦ鷿ûȻǽϹҵֻʵڿʲôûɺǼֵơ
̧̻ҲϻȡľϻֱǷʦ֮ѻ񡣡
̺ЦӦˣˣ֪λڴʦԼĽֻǲ֪ƵĽ
ľϻϣеʦҲлתҪķòҪڳΪķˡ
Ҫ÷ڳ
˼ȡľϻܵзЦԾɲģлԵһˣ֪ˡ
ԾѾ̫ިĻ˵ߡǸ竣ȴǷţʵڲһ·ˡ
̽סԵѣ֮ǰҵȴаɻʣ
򲻺þܾŻһöȴа˵ĺôֻǿʡ
֪׵ĵҩ̵Ȼ£ǡӵǰڲμߪԵ壬ʦ㽫öȴа顣
һ磬ȴаЧþȻ˵һģһ
תȴаЧȻתӳЩһöתӳҲҪǧʯȴаֻҪʯ
ʿԣ㹻ʯӦڷһöڵʡ
֪º̱ЩԼûֻһöȴа
ȴûжģҪұȰ£һȴаɵ¡ţüЦתлصĥƤҲö쾹Ȼв
̵ͷӦ£뽫ܵõȴа£ȴаôȴֹ֮ǰͬԤѾˡ
һּۻֻۣ˶Σȶʮö
һ뿪һûаܡ
뿪̵ͷľϻζȻʵȲһλʦķ
תձֽд⽣ķģִľϻ
ڵΪʵĽⷨ
뵽̫ިֻּʣƿġ
ľϻ˲䣬һէȻǵն֮ʱдµķҲ
һ𣬲򽣹⣬Ҫ
ϣǵ⴩⣬ֱֱ
ͫ΢ʶ˺һּ̧
£ɢƵˣನƷֽɢһء
վΣµؿľϻУǵԼķȥɱ֮ȴ˿
̳һ̾һֲλʦ֪ڳ
ǰܻסԼѾסˡ
ָ⸧ģɫ΢ܾãģλʦ㻹δȫ
Σһ֣ȷˡ


38 
, ⼸ȴаʯ
̫ިҲʮöȴаΪѰʮ꣬öȴаȥ, ȥֲҩĵģҲ˽ʯĽˡ̫ި߷ˣʯ, ¾߱߻Ҳȫˡ
һʯһ̲סпֲʦôǮ, ֱǱ
û뵽ʦ㲻󷨷ڣȻ
Ȼ֪öȴаС߶书͡
عవʦȷǸǮְҵ, ȴа׬һ, ̫ިĵ
һתҩʱҪĶֹһֲȴаЧòתӳ, ȴֻҪΪɳɵ, ǰδС
ȻʦҲ, С߰Դ, Щ
̫ި鲻, ȴܳʵǶԺСǡ
С߻˦β, ۾
Щ۲, ܺ
֣ۣβͣؿ
ͷɲ˭ġ
ֻ㬵ջ֡
ʦ㣡ԺͻȻ, дżֲεļɫ
ߪԽ𽱻ץ׳òæӭǰڵĸ·ʿѾûп鿡
Ϊ̫ިƺ֮ˣֻ֪ڤΣ䭲ûнһ㣬Щ¾졣
ʦ㣬ôˣҲ֡
ģæһ裬е˵ˮôʦ㻹пʦ
мߪԱҪʼˮڼԵҲѾˡ
Ϊʾ𾴣ˮʮʿУΪߵҲԪӤ磬һھڳϻԳӭ
һڽˮ󼱼̫ިʦ㣬λˮγ˵֮ǰƺص£֪ΪҪ㡣
Ǻεĵǣ𽿴ʵڲʲô¡
ʮˮڲԽη塣
羳绮ֹоأ𵤣ԪӤ񣬶飬ɽ٣ϵˣ֮󣬱ɷ
츳ϼѣͻƻ񣬾ʮ꣬පҲһ֮ң츳ɽ٣Ҳֿܰˡ
ԽߣͻһС磬ϼѡ
ʿڶǷëǣοɽʿ
ˮǶΪĶɽʿɽ۷ΪƲݵһˡǰˮ֮λҲΪ֮ˮһԾΪ˲ݵһš
֮ˮԽ޼ɣÿ궼Ҫ鱦вߣΪɥΪˣµӡˣһҴ档
ʿǺԹˮһգǱֻܸŭԡ
𽻹ǵãԼһλʿǿŮӣ裬ʿ
˭֪ˮһλϵ״ӣˮϴѶƵ峤òҷ֮֡Դ£Ʋת
𽲻λˮϣҲ̫ިʲôŵҪǰȥͨӦ´¡
ʦ㡭𽿴̫ިŨɫ
Ļң̫ިԵõȻࡣ
ˮ˽ʲôƽڡ
ӷһ£̫ȷػص
̫ި⻰ʲô
̫ިգݫiĸˮУӷǶ˾ѡ
ݫiĸҲΪߪԣŻǰˮǡýʶɢ޳ӷ䣬ÿ֮ʱӷҲ
Ȼ漴˿ˣ㲻صˡ
ʦʦӣǿϵķϣλγΪʦ㣬Ӧֻǳں棬Żһʦ㡣
̫ިһûоܾˮʵ
æҲȥʯϡ
ˮ󡭡˦˦βͣл˼

ϵһУӷݫiġ
°ɫˮĻռǣˮϡ
iһյ㸸ǿˡӷ̾һŵģҡ˵䣬һöӷϡ
ݫị˼Ƭ̣ŷºӣҡͷǱȲ常
һΧʮϵӣźڰ׽̡
ɫӾභֲ£ֻʱţݫiִĺӽ·磬˼ʱҲ
ΧҲ¶˼ɫӱΧˣ֮ơ
ݫiкӣ̾һ常ôҲһʵ벻ýӷںδƾ֡
ӷҡҡȣżƵͣҶǺѵˡ
ʦˣ
ʦ㣿
ڵ˵ӷҲ̧ͷֻ̫ި˴𽡣
һ˫ۺ䣬˪ѩ䡣
ݫiҲ̧ͷ̫ިЦⲻģˡ
ͺշµеĶŲڡ
ӷҡҡȣԭǾڵĴʦ㣬ݡ
̫ިЦ崺磺ԭֵͽҽһӦðɣ
ݲiһɻƾ֮
Ҳ塣̫ިûж
ӷЩźǾ֮ıұ飬úúѧһѧǡ
ϽūѾͬƽ̵ȡ
˻һѻȸм̲סþȵĿ⿴̫ި
ڣҲеӶ֪ĳ˻Ϊ֧ˡ
̲סüһԵҲλˮγϣôԼ˵
̫ިЦЦĿɨ֣ǲ壬ͬƴ˾֡
ӷЩȵü漴ãһԣƾ֣ұһھ
һټֻһڣҲֵǧʯ
ΪˮϣӷȻǷȡϻǰһơ
ݫiҲȻ常˴󷽣ұö
ݫiȡöһ̷ֱ̲ס̧ͷ
Ȼ޹ؽҪĳóһݫiߣΪľݫiϵö
ӷ漴̫ިʵںܺ棬һˣƽⳡо֡
̫ިǰһ˳ִݫiĻ˻ûӦʱǱѾϡ
ڰɫӷ漴һء
ӷĶڵһʱҲ˵
߼ˮü̫ި⾵ڴʦ£ǡộֱ
ֱ̫ި𵶣ͻصУعӷϲŭ⣬ƴЦãǾڴʦ㣬ȷƾ򵥵ķӣ
ݫiҲЦ常壬ҿɲ䡣
ӷЦ̾һ˵ͷ˵ǣˣձƽְɡ
ϻ̫ި
̫ި̧֣Ƚסװ˾ľϻ
ӷͲɸ
ݫiʾ½ϣ̫ިȡ֮ʱƲסֲᣬĿ֮£ʲôҲˡ


39 
ҹɫھ, ˮڰ¹ܣżһ
¥أѲصֵҹ, ʱ˵Ц
һӰֵܹصľڵ, ·ǰ
ҹɫеܷ·һ, ŮӯԺУûзκ, ֻмΪĶҡΡ
, ʶɨ⴦ˮ鿣öñ֪̫ިڡ
һ̴Ӱ볨ĴƮ뷿У˿˿Ƶӿ
аֻĺֹƬ̣ŮСС
̫ިڴϣ˫գ¹£ķɫ԰׵ü͸һС
ٴ˯˲С, Ƭ¹·Ȼ⡣
ոݫi̷Ůһʱдֽ鶯, ת, ٲ֮ǰ
Ů̫̽ިɽ, ۿҪ֣Ŀвϼֽš
ۣҹҪĶܵˡ
ָ⽫Ҫɽʱ, һֻ˳԰׵̧סµ
ŮһѿڶûбΣ
̫ިۣһƬ
ҧҧŮЩգ̫ިʽֱ̫ިҪ
Ȼ͵ˣֻˣ
̫ިûж㣬΢΢ָ̧⣬Ʊʹһҹ»Ӧͱ˷֮䡣
ﾹȻ󷨣Ѳ֪ԼŮ龪ɲ
̧ͷ̫ިһۣתȫһͼǿƿ󷨡ϣһ̣Ӵ㷴˻
ΪҪǿƿ̫ިµ󷨣
ŮԼȫһһѪٲ
̫ިԴ쿪ڣ޸ʥŮҹãϡ͡
оµģʲôҵķˣ޸̵ʥŮԽ
̫ިһԼݣԽͫһоɫô֪Լݣ
⾵ڴʦ㣬ʲô·
Խ̫ިĿУǼɵ
֪˭ңҰ޸֮ңǾڴʦ㻹˭ضܣ
ôĿ̫ި˹ǣʵˮһղ޸̿ɸҹڲݣ
ǰ޸ǲΨһˮ󿹺ţˮκ޸̵Ʊ㽥ˮر˲ݡ
ƵԽԣʱһͣȻ֪
̫ިԣֻҪˮһգ޸̾ûʸڲݵϡ
ˮ޸̵ħޡ
ʲôԽŲӵ뽫ҽˮͣ
̫ި޸ûкøУˮĶԹȻὫԽˮ
ɽȡݫiöԽҹ鿣ԼΪȡö
Խ۾ɿգգû˵㷴ӦѾ¶ԼĿġ
ʲôá̫ިٴοڡ
ԽŴ˵
̫ިҲʮҪʲôã̧һ˲мƿնȥԽѨϡ
ԽȻûܶƬ̣оеֹͣδ߶Ҳ޷Ӧ
ȻסԼ
㵽ʲôԽԽգʿʧȥʧֽʲô
̫ިȫԵ˼ָٶԽסһ𱻣͵ԺС
߳󷨣ʧͻ󷨵ϡ
Խ̲סǵӴ̽ͷβ˶̫ި϶˸ơ
ڰˣСػɻС
ĻΧѾֹ̫ިڣȻҲʧȥ˺ͬĻᡣ
䣬߰ɫȥתΪһƬ硣
ݫi壬⳿Ͷڣһڹһںڰ֮С
ûйŹеЦ⣬ݫiǰԵࡣ
Ϻڰ׾ɱݣӱһ̲о֡
ӷڴˣԼһ۾ܿݫiûǾ塣
ݫiĦźɫӣãֽ˽䡣
޹ؽҪһӣȴͻ䡣
ԭΧ˵ĺɫŭһųɫ
ݫi߻һĨǳЦ֮ض
̫ި㵽ݫiھڳס֮󣬼ϿŸƲסŮٲȻǿŮĶԡ
ǰԺĻæ̧δ׼κ˲룡
˵䣬˵Ŀ̲סȥ
ԽѲͶȥĿ⡣
ԽպޣȴΪ̫ިסѨ˿á
ϻΣʵڲԡ
֪ʦˣʲôҪ£˿ʵ
̫ި䵭Ҫݫi
ϻæ̧һ񣬿лصʦڴԺȥͨ
ء˵̫꣬ި䣬ǰļϻ㱻һˣļվΡ
̫ިֱԺȥؿһЩмֺٻļơ
ʦֹϻ
׷̫ި߹ĵطȴ⣬Ǿԭء
Ŵ죬ԭ󷨻ôã
⴦Ϳ첽һĻŭȵݣվס
ڣ˷
Իǿ׳ݼҼͣʱһ£뽫̫ިΧס
̧л̫ި鲻б䣬֮ʱӵĳΣɫסڵһͣӿˤ£˵ϡ
ΧһϼҲԭأһʱѲ
̫ި̽ͷŵһһƣܽõ˵ز˷һ˿һʵڲʿġ
϶õԽҲľԼǰ¶ģȻֻǱɽһǡ
ΪڴʦУߴŲٻݫi׵֡
̫ިͥԺݫiƽճľȥ
ʦ㣬ǾʲôİһԺӱסĻ̲ͣסʵ
Ѱơ̫ިֻ֡
۾ʱˣⲻ¶ϲ
̫ިڼʱ̡ζţ㲻ƽݫiơȻҳƣҪø۵׼
ԺжȻҲݫiǰûжֻ΢΢̧ͷڹ
ʱһƿϮ
̫ިϧؽϵԽ˳ȥݫiȫȻûо˵Ĵ㣬ɱԽ϶µˤ
ԽһѪڣݺݵؿݫi㻹ǲǸˣ
ݫiȫɫûԽ֮ǰմºͶǼЦ̫ިʲô˼
ʲô˼Ӧ̫ިͷĿ⣬ҲһʲôЦ⡣֣óöǹ
ݫiûзϣݿ֪ҵʲô㣿
̫ިĿͶڵ϶õԽϣߺ޵ˣĿǺεĵ⡣
ݫi°ͣͷ㡣


40 
ݫiھ, ±Ǵ
ļȻޣÿܱģֻͷ㡣
Խ߼, ȻҲ֪£ʱݫi
аҧ, ԭͿԼǹӽߵ, Щӣǰˣ
, ̽ģҡ̫ި, ٴοڡ
΢΢̧, һöСʯշɵ, ӯӯ
ʯЧãԼӰһ㡣
ԽŵؿŴԼϷɳʯ飬漴޺޵ݫi, ʲôʱ򽫶Լϵģ
ݫiЦֺ֣ûб˿ͼŭ, ôˣ
̫ިǽ˱Խ֡ͬҲ̫̽ި
̶̼¼, ̫ިΪ̫, Ҳ̫, ݫiʶʮ, ˼ܣܲɡ
֪̫ިʲôʼĻ, ݫiԳ̽Լᱻֹֻö˸Ȧӡ
ԽĿƣ޲ݫiճô󣬻ûԹĿ
ݫiڻͷһۣ¹¶һأˡ
Խû뵽ҲˣһʱЩ飬Ҳû뺦
ݫiƤ£Ѫȴģϴ˺£УԼǿ֮
̫ިѾݣΪһʹģʯ飺ʲôûȤ
ʵںܲϲ鷳ϲ鷳ˡ
£̫ި˦䣬һƷ̣ڰɫӾʹɢڿУһ̣ݫi
ݫiûֽס̣һ㣬Юϡ
̫ިȥݫiòˣֱƵ䣬һת̫ިҼȥ
ⲻǾڵݫi΢
̫̽ިͻϣ޶֮ݣóķѵļ¼ѧģ
ҪΪ磬ڶ̶ʱ˽
̫ިֵ̧סݫiʽ𣬺ϥ
ݫiܿƵذڵأ΢䣬תķǿа
̫ި㿪ĳסһɴᣣͣǽߡ
ݫiǰ֮ʱҲˡ
ذ׵ȹǷɣ̫ިвݫiϣ漴ٴ
ݫiˤڵ棬ǱعȦδ̫ިѾǰ
ݫiȻ̫ިĶ֣ܣݫiײյ䣬졣
ݫiƬǽУ϶˼ס
̫ިϣȴĵ
Ϊݼݫi˶ʮ꣬ûʲôʱȽոǱ
ȫȻͬʲôָ㣿ݫiڵϣʵ
ֻ̫ިֵĵطǵ꣬һʱˡ
̫ިӸµؿݫi⻰ȴǰһýڡ
Բ²¿̫ި䵭ص
ûȤͬݫi˵תȥ
ڷŴʱѾ⣬̫ިţСĵ̽ͷơ
һƬǽ͵ϱ׵ݫi죬ʦ㾹Ȼݼͷ
еĴȣ̫ˣͬģֱ׳ţݼһдȡ
ϵݫiڻǱʦҲűֵߵߵظ̫ި
ڣԽµƲЦſݫiã
ݫi׵Ϸ񻨵ĺЩԶһαζЩʡ
¹㵱Ը֪£˰ɡݫiûЦʡ
ϧһʰ쵵ٿƽյȡ
Խһ˵
ȫȫβ߳ڣ˵ʵȽϺá˹

պƱգ׹
ԸŶӣȥ
ɫ̲סԹϵܳ㣬ܵϸʲô
ӣҪĥĥģ͵ˣһڱǰϼ㡣Ըֱ׳
ԣ̲ס˸ۣұҪȥʦ󷨵ģҪ㣬װ˷ʱ䣡
ԸĻӵ۵Ҫҵ㶼Ը⣬ʲôã
Сͱϰˣʱʹش𣺡ֲֹһӣʮмģαطǵúͲĶӶ˵
Ըһԣ붯֣ϰȾܣԸͦŷĶ׷ȥ
һ¥ͣںߣ̤ţɨһۣ漴Ŀһ
ʦ㣿
ΪԼˣæ۾ʦ㣡
ˣ첽ǰ¥ϵ˵ʲôˣϵʦ㣬ʲô콫˽
ʦģǻˣǸɵһʲô£˭ôӣ컯֮£ھ°ŵӣ
¥ϵؿһۣùܵ£ٹܣСĶ
ӣ㻹вң
Ҫ¥ȴԸ¡
Ը¥ϵļ깰񣺡Ȯ״ˮʹףҪһʶ
Цһû˵ʲôֻʾ¥﷫
ʦ㻹ڴϣȴԸס
ۿ¥ԶȥˣţΪαȵԼĸס
ʦ㣡ôǰʦߣʵ
ԸûЦ⣬ŶӣѵԼΪһ޹ϵľڵӣˮ󣿣
֪ˮʲô³Ըߣһף¡̶һ䣬ֻϪڱʮ෽ˮ
ˮ£Ը쳣࣬ˮԲݸյ깱ԽԽߣеҲԽ޼ɣ˿ߣǼ³
ˮԸֽڲʳҲԽѿˮڣҲֻܸŭ԰ˡ
ԼҲǵĺ𣡡
ԵЩãȻ껹ʮ꣬δķꡣ
ˣԸ̾һϣǾƽ̵ӣȥݼţһлء
裬ں棬һȦһȦгɫĽˮ߮
һƬұ֣ıóѵĳ죺ûαϵӡ£͸ˮʮū澣
ˮмʮӣ˴ӷǰϪģʮɣͥȤɣͥ˾гǡ
ǲµˮ󣬾ȥҪ˺ˣ޿ֵϵȥˣȥҪˣҲ˵ʮʲʣȿǿһ᲻ᱻˮ󼵺ޣ
ҪΪһ𽣬ϧ𣿡
ǼʮǰҪҪһС£ˮڲͷϵС
ֻҪһ򵥵Ľڣоͻᵱͷ¡
䭷һӣұ㵹˳ȥˤڵϣŻһѪ
ؿ䭣ȴ˵ʲôƵĻ
䭿һԵӷֻҡҡͷЦʵûбʮӡ
˵ЩȻǾţҪ˵Ĳֹһ𽣬ڡ
ھͷϵǰ¡
һĻĻȻسȥʲô˼ѵͲʦ
ƽ̣ȥʦ㰡µɫ
Ըһεضһ񣺡ż¡
ӷֵȱ𼱣ĵ䱻ȥʮߣǱŰ֮ˣӦʲôµġ
г϶ƺ֮⣬ҵڣֻ»ʱѡ
ΪڵӣȴΪū澣ȷ裬ֻҪݣδҲûа취ѡ
ĻΪūΪѵʲô˦׵֣ͷҲصس˳ȥҪȥҴʦ㣬ʦһа취ʦ㣡


41 
̫ިɡ, ˮֽɡԵ䣬׹ڵϣּܡ
Ȼ, ǰ, ص߰ǰĵһգҲĴꡣ
̫ިµǰɡס˷ķꡣ
ҹɫŨгǸŻ, ֻȼǻںڰС
Ϊˮ֮ӣֻǲ̫ӵĵʮӣɣͥųҲСһ˶ռ˳ߵ¶¥, ֽȫǵĸŮ輧ˣֱҹ
ΪķŮӶȥɣͥվһƬǽĻһ¥ȥ
¶¥о, ڵھϣ£гǵĵľɫܾ۵ס
ɣͥʱȴû;ɫȤŶ룬Ĵҵҹ齫յһƬ
ʿţֵ˹кʲôе춼֮Сվڽ䣬ɫ򶨵һ
ӰвһӰ, ̫ިؿɣͥ뷿Уûж
ɣͥòƽͻأһЦƾն˼
ץ⼸ɢͨǽūУиʼŮ
ɣ֪ͥݣ֪ԼҲں
һ߽סʿڹת˫Ŀ˻һƬ׵īɫŨŨɷ
΢ħ޵Ĺݵһţˮ֮ӣеľѪħ޹
һܾķɱɣͥ
ֻǽ룬¶ħݵɣͥôưոݡ
ɣͥǽʿֱΪò˶Ϊ̫ިҪôɱɣͥ
̫ިȴþȣˮʮԼûм˲ħޡԼаطܽɽٺڡ
ɣͥץһɢޣָצ϶ɢͷ­ϡ۾¶ܵ顣
һ̣Ǳںڰе̫ިڶˣвκԽΪɣͥҲ˿ͣ͡
ôãڵһһɱĻᡣ
õĴ̿ʱûܱܿ
ɣֻͥñһʶջ֣һɢ޵ڵϣϴŽٺҡ
;ǿдϹɣͥѪڣɫݣָɷ֮ץȥ
һ̣˿ѾĲɣͥͫȻŴ󣬲ŵؿųԼǰŮ
ôܡ
Ǹʿѣ
ȵѪ̫ިϣ˿Ⱦ˰£Ҫɱɣͥ㲻ܶһ
ƺоʹһ㣬ȡһذףкɣͥ𵤱㳹飬建㵹ȥ
̶̼Ϣ֮䣬Ѿƿ˽˵󷨣𽿴̫ިʦ㣡
ʦ㲻ģ
̫ި̧ӸһöӰ飬¥»뿪ؾڡ
öӰ֤ɣͥħޣˮȣʿΪУĻӣô֮±Խҹ
ɱɣ̫ͥިضᱻˮб룬ǰ᲻һ㡣
Ȱһ⼸գ̫ިҲм˽⣬κ£ǵýĮȻһҹȴ̫ިϣһ档
𽿴̫ިɼǵ˿ڣſǻʦ㣬㲻Ϊô
졣̫ި䵭ضؾڣɱҡ
𽲻ٶ˵ֻؿɣͥʬ壬ȥ
һȻ춯ɣͥʬڵ棬¥ֵˮһ͡
⿴ȥУȾѪ̫ިվɣͥԣüĿҲһɵɷ
ӣʧ
̫ިˮһڻٳɣ׷˳ȥ
¥춯ɢ޸Ͽȥ漴Ҳڵķȥ
ĨһᣬʦΪô࣬ʦĿİ׷ѡ
δ̫ިϣˢŰϵѪȥɫ
ֵô԰ϵ̲סʵ
̫ި¥֮䣬䵭ҲϲǷ顣
ƺУԼİΣ̫ިǻ顣
ˮĻ׷ᣬɣͥΨץס̫ިǿ
ע˿ڣȻɿ
һ쳹ҹգ೤СҡһߣȻɣ׷ʿȥ
ȻòǿᣬɱǣҪסЩ𵤾ʿǲѡ
̫ިһҹµĺûжԣתٴǰ
ҹɫУ̫ި̤˾ɽȡöҩУתҩھת˿ѾֹסѪ
ϲʲôĵӣ̫ިĴɫ԰׵ü͸һ˫ȴһĳ
µΨˣ̫ިˣ𽻶ϲػһ̫ˣʦˡ
ǰСĵش̫ިȾѪİµʦ㣬ˣеҩģʦڣʦһûµġ
䭵ɫֻһƬ̫ިû˵
Ŀ⣬̫ިȿڣӰӦѾˡ
䭵˵ͷɫȴɣˮ󲻻˾ͷŹ㡣
öӰ飬ҲֻΪ̸е룬Ľɣͥħ޵ȥˮضȫڡ
ںˮ󣬽ҹ²ΪܣʲôֶΣˮ󶼻Ҫ
ˮ档
ˮʦʦΪҲôģԣɣͥɱģˮҪɱɱҺˣ
𽣬ˣ䭴ʵʵĻ̫ިݣ߰ɡ
̫ި˿⣬ɱɣͥһԤϵ档
ɽȡƺصԿӦϵʲô
Ŀһ૵ƺԿ
ôƺԿѵ֮ǰƺط춯йأ
뾵ڣݫiʲôԵˣҵȷ˾ʮӻԴ̫ިƽսƺԿ㣬ӴԺ뾵޹ϸ𡣡
̫ި֣öԿ䭡
תûж࿴һۡ
ݣöԿĿ¶ֱ֮ɫԲ𡭡
̫ިûлͷǸ
ѵƾһƮƮĻԽһжĨɱ
ǵĶѾ壬Ӵ˱ֻԹҪ㡣
¥أʮģƽͽ߻ħΪԽնɱˮʮӣʵذһ


42 
, ӷھҴȴȻӵ˴Ѷ
ˮڿչź۵ˮ, ˻Ƶͳɣܾͥ
ڻ֮ʱԶǧˮ֪˶ӵѶ
ɣͥôӵĶ, ڲڣ, Ǻݺˮһơ
̫ިʱ, ֹ֮ˮ, ʵɱɣͥ
ӷվ, ΪԼˣ˵Ǹ, ɱʮӣ
ʮѾᵤū澳ݲˡ
磬ʿɱ˽𵤵ģӷһٶ꣬δ˵¡
ɱĻ
סݣˮ䵭̫ިʲôɱɣͥ, Ķ̫࣬ɣͥ޹ؽҪ
ɣͥˣˮ棬, ԸӷԵʡ
ӷ̹ϻ̳Ͽֵصͷ״ˡ
ˮ䵭ɱǸ֪ߵغľڵӣЧȡǾڲʶȤ, ȻŰɡ
ˮҽ̲˼ңʱûйԾ֡
ӷһ˻ȥ˵ɣ֮ͥ±ݵʱᣬŵݼֳķϣ㲻Ҫٶһֵӵ
̶һ
ǷӣΪԼʦãҴɱɣͥӣ
ӷе˲٣ûסھϣʱˮ˺ƺƵ򾵻ȥ
ɣͥĻû׷̫ިӷ˼һӦؾڡ
˾ڣȥδ
ûҵˣΪڵӣȻһյƣյΪȷڡ
ӷµʱֻǰѾˣ˾ڳϵ⣬ǰμߪԵϪͬҲڴ˴
ڶֽɡʢڿУͷܶνϵشɡϡ
ʲô£
Ϊҹҵµǰ
гںʲôʡ
ƺˮйء
гڵĵӴѶк֡
ҹδµǰƻͨӷǰʱ˵ĿⶼͶ˹
̲סüô¡
ʱһյµ߳ߣϻδɵۡ
ҹͽ߻ħ¿㣣ʹˮɣͥ޹Խ𣬽ҾڳӴ뾵޹ϸ𣡡䭸˵գнˤȥ
ӷҪֹյˤڵأĻһ£˲Ϣȥ
µǰһƬţһ𣬴Ӵ˾̫ި޸ϵ
ԽԽҳɡߣû뵽СôãŰ͵ɣͥߣˡ
ѵΪ𽡭
ǰͻȻֳһӰҲһع񶨾һ漴ɵ㰡
վУˮʪȫһ˫ڰҹУס
𽣬˿飬ԼʲôҲܰԼô
ȻͬգԼĸĸɶǻʿĸĸһΪ΢һֻǷˣҴãǵԼһȵġ
Ժԥס𽣬͸ɣͥΪūΪ澡
ʲôҵ߸ϣӲ
ڹҿͷǸүǿԭ㣬úǸʦһ³
ˮֻͷʣˣ
˵ţЦձ̫ިһ鰴ˮǳˡ
ؿɱˡ
̧֣һɳϯҡ
תӣĻȻŤΣһʧеһкȻһ⾰
ҹվԭصһ֣ҵرֻɽʯѣвʮע⡣
ӣȴ֪Լʵһֱԭشת
ĮؿĿ־壬
ʦΪɱɣͥôɱһңʲô
㲻н֣
ҺȻץԼ.¶Ƥ֪ʹһץܿϱմԼѪ
ĽصҹУò֮ˣʵĻþ
Ҫ޾ʹͿ־ȥܳһС
.壬ʹغڵϷϨ棬ȴŻԼ塣
֮УҵıȴΪŤѡ
һһػþӣУѲá
ֱľһϢصڵʱѪ졣
һǰߣƿգҹУƽң
ڵϵзǺǵѾ˵Ļ
Ҵû뵽ԼС
ƵüƵ޴𽣬ȻɱԼ
ҴӲ֪ҵʮعѧá
ԶӢŴ멣ǰ
ʮعǿĻ
վĮؿ
ӢĿ⣺߰ɡ
Ѿˣ㻹Ǿƽ̵ĵӡ
·ϴ⣬һˣҲʲô˲õ¡
Ӣ
ΪʲôҪҡн䱸
ͬ͸ˮʱͲšӢһһ
һһҹֱ
г޾۾ӵʮɽ
ɽ˺ѣһӰ
̫ިɽ£˫Ŀաе౻ˤ˳ʶ̫ިȴûѡ
ҹǿжطӡ£ָεʱӳ˻Ҳ˵ˡ
̫ިɽȻڿУӨһǿҵɽͻأ
һ̣̫ިӰȻʧԭأԼȴԭء
ɽһָֻƽ
֪˶ãɷǵߴһۣʮɽ
ɽ¶˯ĺɫСߣͷ̾˿ôŪǱ
ܵϤϢ΢΢ۣʦ
С߽һֻ˯˹ȥ
˻˵ˣҾ˵ôСôһ˳ںˣ˵öذϵʿ̾
ǺˣʮɽΪ£ӷżˮɽУϵʿʡ
ϵʿվСĵؽУʲôˣ˴
ӷû˵ˮѾ಻סˣڲݣû˸ˮ˵
Ҫˮ£ʵ
ϵʿץץԼҵķ٣ʵϵһô꣬ûʵˡ
£䣬ӷͼˮӱ뵹˳ȥˤڵϣҲá
ӷɫǰ۱ϴ÷׵ϵʿȻһλΪɲĴܡ
ҵðǰˡӷ̱ϵʿ˸ϹϾĴ
ϵʿûһ֣ӷٴˤڵϣȳһѪȴԼΪƾմһС磬ˮҲδ⡣
ϵʿתȴѾڰɿ⣬Ƭ̱ʧʮɽС


43 
һĿİ׹, ŮӸߴ׹䣬浹ɳ֮С
ؼǻɳԶԶͷ, ιʱɳĮеĶڴ
̫ިˤڻɳ, մɳɢңЩǱ
ɱɣ֮ͥ, 漴Ҫˮ, Ͼ˼ơ֮ǿп, Ѿǿ֮ĩ
̫ި޹, ԶѰʿǿᣬѰʿ, һ, ҲضΪ
ػɳвκλ, ֻз紵ߵĵͳͣЪе̫ިܵתڹ, ˴Ϊϡ, ƺתҲ
˯֮ʱһӰԶƮ˹, лʲôСɽСɽ
˫Ŀ񣬴, Լܿʱò, ֻǱͣһֱظ, ĿĵɳС
£һƬ黯͸ͬλһ㡣
, ̫ͣިߣĿ⻺£ʦ֡
ʦ֡
ȡذ״ƿһԶȫι̫ި
ҩڣһůھߣɼǵ˿£Ҳʼ𽥺ת
߼ûѣʱȡƿϧȫ̫ިС
ɳжʱͶʮ˵İ״ƿӣʲôҲûͳ
վԭͣãŻת
һϰٿŵҩ̫ިʹڻУҲ̲סüӴҩˢľת
紵ɳ֪˶ãɳס̫ިת
ܵгЩ֡
˭ιµĵҩһιϰٿ֮ࡣ
ϰٿŵҩ£Ϊ˻ҩ̫ި˯ʱָˡ
ĴɨһۣӰ
Ǻδ̫ިɨܣֻޱ޼ʵĻɳ˷ֱ治巽λ
ǻƧıҲϡˡųʶȥ
ǧԶ⣬ǲκλ
һ˺ѵĿռ϶
Ȼɵؾռ䲻ͬ϶ʱţὥϡʧ
µĴȥʮɽô䵽ռ϶С
̫ިʶ̽ɽ䣬ʱ㷢Ѿȥ
ȡ鿴
ѵ⴦ռ϶Ϊ޸ʥŮԽҪԭʲôֵ˷ģ
޸ȻǣձԽʥŮǵʲôĵز
һҲݫiߣ̫ިʱ֪ʵݣҲöȻҲ֪ʲôá
һݫi̫̽ިȻС
Į˿磬ңϯʱдݿ֮ơ̫ިתԶȥ
һʯ׵Ķǰ̫ިַ̧ȥɳ¶ɳ֡
ɳߡ̫ިһͷĶߣǲС
ޱ޼ʵĻĮ֮Уⶴߣٲ뿪Գԣڵڶ֮С
ת˰޹Ķߣۻػ
Ųлصһأ̫ިδ˷ɽ䱸ǰȥ
ǰ·̫ިѡһ˲ٲͻأ
ˣȴѾǰ谵ɭĶɲǼ仯ѪŨصĵ
̫ިڵν䣬ָǳԶµϡ
ľ綾º󶼻Ϊڤɣʹ಻һ֡
һ̫ިƵõҩˡ
Ųƽקͷ˳ȥ
һɫҩ֭ҩ޿ݵָס̫ިҪҩ֭¡
̫ިһˮʱҩ޲Ͽֻ࣬ʣһƤϡ
˶ˣھ綾ʳѪһһա
ƲҩҪⶾպĶ
ҩҲûԹɵڣ̾УǷȥΪ򲻿ܳ塣
ģΨ̫ިһˡ
˭
ǡݡ
ԡ
ˣ֣ǡ
̫ި̧ͷ˿ƿն͸ҩ޲
ȵѪϣߵȥǽسʧϢľŵʼ̫ި
ǰǰغһ̫ިֻһƬĮȻ
ֵһ̣̽Ļþ鿪
һ̫ިѧ٣һΪΪɱҩޣȡңҹҵɱĻᡣ
ֻʱɱˣԶþ׵֡
ɱҩ޺ˮδΪҩޱͿˣüֵ̫ިȥץŮһһĻԵ
ҲΪƵǣ߿ܡ
̫ިһѪɷ֮ǰȥþصȴһһѿĻþֻס̣ٶЩ׻
ͷȻһѹϵʯš
ף̫ިԥ̧̤ʯšһ˲εѹ˷ϮƵ˽Ҫȥ
ѾԼ˲²⣬νɳߣһ֮أ֮ǰþģʯţڿӵǿȡ̫ިһǰܵҲԽԽ
̫ިδ䣬ֱͦǰȥ
ɵʯţӲԽ
ǰʯŽգ΢ȼϷŹ֪֡⴦أʲô
̫ިǰ֮ʱʯŻ¶һƬ
ŹߣһʱΪǣȡзɻ
һۻУ̫ިɲǣнƿ¡
˿ƲסУһ𣬳㻯촷ۣΣԶԶûнһ̣Ӱǵض
̫ި̧֣ʹл·ģ˲䣬㽫Ӱ
ֻƾһģҲԽнӰ⣬һһĴгΣڰ뽣Ӱײһɢ
һӰʧʱһ使һƮƮҡҡԿ׹䡣
ŹΪɹ޹𹬡й㹬빬ҹΪɡ
̫ިȥҪŹ󣬱Ҫѭȥ
̤뿲һ̣ɫһƶ
̫ިָ̧зǿֹڿУŷģƽ⡣
Źеķǰвֵͬúúоһ
£漴ųƽ⣬۰ɫһƮ䣬ٶȥ
Ź֮Уÿһ濼鶼֮ͬͨʱɵһһ
֮ǰˣȴɽΡΡɽȪ飬ա
öһˣʤ
̫ި֮䴩жԽ֮ʱ˿ƲסңһȻֹ
һʱ㳤ʱֻʣһ̣̫ިվڶҹ֮ϣǰУŹѾȫȻ
ضҪ֮ڲŲ֪Σա̫ިϲ޾ɫδͣһҲȫ¡
һ죬ɢȥҲһ飬̫ިվУͻأķȾѪȹǣƽȻվԭء
֮ʱۣһ÷
ԭŹУһ仨
ɫƵĺ÷̫ިģ䣬ŹĲֹһˣΨ̫ިõвػ


44 
Źȥ, ɢǰֳһʯң̫ި, ǰȥ
ʯ涼ǧ̴ܣ򡢷ɫ, ֻǽΪײȡ
ıϿ֣, Ȼ, ̫ިͣڱǰ, Ħ, ϸݡ
Ź÷ɻڴ˻
ԭŹȡķɻ, дá
ʯҵ, ȷ󷽡̫ިɨ, ĿȴͣڤȸǺѪ, ˴ûС
ôĶ, ԣҲû̫塣
̫ިܿߵʯҾͷ, ʯڵǰȴŴ򿪡
ָʯ, , Ӧûаҡ
ʯռعӦڴ˴͵˾ͷ, ̫ިĿѲʶһɨʯңȴûзκ
Ӧûô, ¾Źˣ᲻ʯЩİš
ƹܣֻصʯǰ÷˱ϡ
Ŀէ֣ʯң̫ިƣסΣȻվԭءת˲ǰ任ʧʯС
ܻ谵޹⣬̫ިң̧ͷΧĹҾ֮ЧԴңʵڳƵϲƴ֡
һϷһö
ȷ˴δƣ̫ިǰö
֮㣬ұʿ֮Сɽʮ˸ѡ޹飬ˣŹߣΪСɽӡ
ԸΪСɽѰһ˼̳еͳأȡá
̫ިƽŻϵĵͼ
ͼϿ֪ոСɽȡӵģ壬ء
ܹһأ˽а֮Ҳ֮˸ҽСɽи˵ԭ
̫ިɳϮĶߣСɽɽڡ
ƾŲµľŹ̫ިСɽֻʮӣҲС
СɽɽţΪʲôڿռ϶УⲿɳϮĺۼСɽ˵أ֮á
ΪƵ֮£Żˣ
̫ިδ˵Сɽֱ֮߰꣬ΪҲԳСɽɵ˳硣
һû˽ʯߣСɽԶΪɳʧڿռ϶С
һʶͶͼͼϱһ⣬̫ިؿԼڣ·ǰ󣬱Сɽɵҩ®
΢תȥ
ԼΪʧ޵ԵʣԿ·ϵѾ̫ިһ·߹κ춯
ȻҲпռ϶ʱЩƷѾ𻵡
ʯƳ޴׶©Ŀ⣬ҩ÷黨ݡΪʱ̫ãѾɿݣҲʧʣ޼
̫ިʶãΨһϵõļ꣬ƷϵֲҲɾÿϧ
ҩҵһԣ˺ĻҳΧźܶƿƿ޹ޡ
̫ިһޣһ󳾻ҷ裬΢΢üֻ̧ɢޣᣬѪ֮һŨҵĿ֮⡣
Ҳһֻ޵ͷѪʦԣ޵ͷѪҩ®УȴطУڽ䡣
̫ި޷Żԭأֲ쿴
һĻλεƮҩ®У̫ިܵ󲨶˿Ʋָ⣬ȥ
͵߿ľȻؿڻʦ֡
̫ި黯°û˵𵤣ԪӤ񣬶飬ɽ٣ϵˣ֮󣬱»ǣҲҪϵΪϵĴܣһ㡣ǰֻʣһƲл꣬Żʧȥʶ
ʦ֡Ʈһظ֡
̫ި䱸ҲǸʦ֡
Ϊ壬ǰΪںϵϵҲС
ƺûи̫ܵިķͳ״ƿʦ֡ҩ
̫ިϤĴƿȻǰɳе¡ιҩģԭǰлꣿ
ǲȫֲûһιϰٿŵҩ
лˡȻ˿̫ިǻص
ǰʲôˣСɽʲôϵ
˲֪û˼Ʈǰòڵ˵ͷ
˽ҩ®Уһʱ̧ͷϷ׶©չ⣬ת̵ز֪δƮȥ
̫ިüûиȥҩ®л޵ͷѪ֪ҵѪ
ǰҩеֲѾƷԽߵֲԽ࣬ⷽռ϶еϡЩȻܻˡ
ϻɢڵأĳ֤Ѿû˴
̫ިּϻ򿪣է֣Өʯİ׹ǾУɺһ͡
ȸǡ
ֻзصȸǣСɽɵҩ®ȻҲС
ûüϻֻʣһƲлƮ˹һöǽ䣬̧̫ިǰʦ֡
ϴˡ̫ިֻٴǿ
ȴȫĻŹǽ䣬ҪΪϡ
̫ިֹ»һƲл꣬ߵʵҲڵ̫ިƥеģǿд˹ǽ䡣
ǿǿ̫ިʵЩܸ֪ǽ䲻ʿûкʶʶķʵ֮٣öǽǼʮʯҲδܻ
̫ިϲǷ飬ȻҲöֵʮʯĹǽ䣬ǽȴνʳָϣôҲȡ
üߣСɽʲôϵ
Сɽ֣߻̧ͷĿԣСɽ
Сɽǡ
ڴʱָƬƲлܵʲôǣ֮ҩ®

̫ިȸǣɿߵıӰ
տĹа˶ʮ߾߱ף̫ި̤һ̣Ȼҵƻͨ
̫ިʶɨףԿ϶пһ
ڱǰ뷢԰ף͸ųĺ⸱ͷŲлòȫͬ
̫ިһ˾ȻûΪʲôвл壿
ڣ˥ˡ
ʱͲлںϵ߻˫ۡ
˫ϵУӳһƬº͵
ˣ뻹ˡ֪յ˿̫ިڣһƬº͡
ΪԼȲˡ


45 
߿ųԼǰ̫ި, впȻǾСɽɵġ
ǽҪ˥ö, λʦʦһ㣬ڻɳ֮Сǰ, ôСɽһУҲԶڻɳ¡
̫ިһ񣺡̫ިǰ
˵˵ͷСɽ, Сѡ
ȻСɽɵ, ̫ި⡣
̧, öǽУΪǰ֮, ջء
ҲԼĲлʲôָϹǽ, ȴǾþȡ
ĲлǰŮʦ, ʶΪСɽĹǽ佻, Ȼõǽĳ, ˹ǽ䡭
ô
֪СѿʦУæʵ
̫ިĬһ˲ޡ
ûоڵ, ֻ̫ިˡ
ϲ¶Щ΢ϲɫԸСɽ¡
̫ިûдӦȡȸǣҼȵö, ΪСɽѰ̳еͳ֮ˡ
˵ϲ¶źɫ̫ިԸ, Ҳûǿ֮, ǻǿ˵ˡ
ҴСɽλȱлСѡѵ̫ި΢΢˹ǽ, Ϊܣ
ֻҪͳܹУСɽûи
ڲܽȡ¡̫ިŹǽ, Ծü
ЦЦʦֵһδϹǽҲˣһ֮󣬲ſȡ¡
˵ţֻɫ
̫ިҲֻʱȡ¹ǽ뷨ǰ֪뿪˴
֪Сε˵أ
̫ިȡС
ʶ̽Ƭ̺󣬽̫ިС
⴦ռ϶Եɺ֮ġΪ͵뿪˴ֻ
һһ磬һҶһᣬĿռ϶ʵ֮С
̫ި֮󣬱ɳУ⴦ռ϶ԣͬɽһ㡣
Ѱɽ䣬޷»ġ
̫ިҲ˵֮ģȴû뵽Լݫiеõ֮ġ
ⷽ϶Ѿʼ⣬ԪӤΪɡֵ
̫ިŲ
ǰʵ
黺ҡͷȱ֮
ǾζҪ뿪ԪӤ£ڤ⡭
СڵںôͻȻڡ
̫ިع̧ͷĿ⣺ԭǰͨҽ
˵ͷʦ
ˣڻŵģ
գСɽףƴ򶷵ʦԲʦʦ𣬻ʦʦ㣬
Сɽɶʮˣֻһ
Сɷһ
̫ިϣ΢΢̧֣ס
Ƭ̺ٴοڵϺɶ
ǡ
̾˿ɫдżϧԭΪ޹֮壬;ӦһƬƽ˳ƫƫľ綾
޹֮壬ںд棬ֻǱڶ꣬Ѿ仯ֻԭеĽҩҲ޷׸
̫ިƽ֪
ҡҡͷˣϧҲ޼£˼𻯽⺮ĵ
ȸΪζҩҩԡŵֻˣһԽȫγ
Ļ̫ިȴͻȻڣѪ
Ѫ
˼Ϣ̲ס˵ͷûѪǼ
СԭҲҩ
ҡһλĵ̫ި
նɱɣͥˮưոݣضᱻϼŲ飬ʮɽҲ⡣
ȫҲ޷ָΣ֪᲻ᱻˮץס
ĵһλѵķ緶пһ䣬ûж˵ʲô̫ިóϻȸǰɡ
Сɽҩ®֮УѪֲֻȱһζ
ȱΪϧΪƷԽϵͣأ꣬ҩ®֮ѷ绯
ѾѰ̫ިشѾµ˼
ȻˣΪһöĵҩ鿴Ц⼫º͡
̫ިȴֻкϵΪֻʣһƲл꣬˥ˣٺķӦҲܲסɡ
ûκιϵֻǡýСɽɹʵϣûʸ˴
ЦԾºͣڴ˴ѾӲд꣬ټȥҲûκ塣
Сɽ˶ˣһ˻ţǺû˼
ܽСɽͳУҲԷ뿪ˡ
ֻʱѹס˺⣬֮ʱضĸ
ܽԪӤ㲻޷뿪һѪָһ㡣
̫ިĬ
Ψ뿪СɽɵĵͳܴȥҹӲд;ѵһõ𣿡Цʼº
ԼȫˣδЩ
ʧЦЩ
Ҵúܿġ
֪СѿԸȫˣ
˵̫ިɳĬãŴɽȡԼѰĳ߻١
麬ЦԼ׽С
ҩ®мҩƷ𣬵Ҫһ㹻
̫ި⼸ҩʲôȴôΪȫϸѡһ
壬ղܳɵŵ
ΪһʦȴѾܶ궼ûˡ
Ȥȥ¥һۡ麬Ц̫ިйõز֪𻵣˷ϡУܸ졣
̫ިĬص˵ͷã֣һ
СɽɵĲ鼫࣬ǴϹŵĵ伮ܵһ¥飬ױһš
Сɽǿڶһ֮صˮ
ô֮ʲôŻСɽɵɽռ϶УеҲֻʣһ顣
鲻̫ި꾡Ҳûжȥʡ
ʱת˲Ũҩӣ̫ި̧ͷȥֻ߾ۼ߲ϼƲ֮֮
תϵҩɵ֮ʱ
̫ިȥ
ĬȼգʱһöָǴСĵҩҩϷɫơ֣öҩ͵ǰ
̫ިֽ̧סҩ̧ͷǰ鿴˥ࡣº͵ضЦЦ˵ʲôʧȥɡ
ͷ
һ̣һƲл룬вҡҷţҪɢеˤڵأһ졣
齫ҪɢĲл걻ţС
ǡ̫ިǰ壬ʶ֪֮̽ʱ˳۽޷ɿһ˲
֮УĲл꣬Ļǡ˵ĻˣӦɢ
ͻȻˣĻǲȱ˥ΪЩصǡ
ЩѵĻǣԼڸ֮ѵСɽ˰ɡ
Сɽʮˣȫ䡣
պ壬̫ިٴѾʧȥϢ鸩һ


46 
Ĳл֮, ɳбֻʣ̫ިһˡ
СɽɽƬߵֻɳ϶У󷨶ڿռ٣֮ҲΪ޷ת
̫ިڻɳɳ, ԭСɽһ֮أɳϮ, ѻѰߣһ·ûκվ
Уɫĵҩ, Ŀת
ȵҩž˳, Ůļ米ֳ, ̫ި֮ǰΪʱѹڤ档
ƽȥ, ԰Ƥžֳۣ, ߶ҩȫ
֪˶, ɫҺɫ𽥱䵭, ӿ̫ި֮, ŹתΪ, һ߹ؿ
ǰΪ, Һɵˮ֮¡
ɳ֮ϼ, ɫӳ, ʿǽԪӤ֮ʱҲƵ󡣿ϧⷽ޵ڶ, ü˾
ڽ𵤽ΣھѪҲˢ仯չ, ֮ʱʮࡣ
еҺѾΪһƬ峺֮֮ãָܻ
̫ިһɾ£¥ȥ
֮ǰһͼġ
ȡͼĿǡƳһԽס
ն콣
ֵǺƣ̫ިĿͣפģΪ֣ʯʯϿµֽͬ
ȡ½ףַ̧һҳȴ콣Ƶú
̫ިסΣֻ̧ױ㻯ȥ⡣ڽɢ󣬱ܿҳϵ֣޳
޳
ػɳڱ𣬴ʱХ֮䲻ֻŰ
¼Σɽδģת˲
Ƕ֮һෲˣ߹з
Ϊ签ǽǺˮȣӲ٣Ǽյƻȥڰǳϡ
ʱ֣Ŵ󿪣ŵĶʿŹǷѾ˳ӡ¶ֵ̺ŵǣ¿ŹϹ⣬ֻȽǸһС
Щ签ɱҰ֮䣬ߵļۡ
֮УͲһҵĺͯڽ䣬˯ÿˮԼʮۿǽϡ
Ѿʱ֣˯©Ҳص޷ߡ
̫ʱ򣬿ڽۣһ²ŲϵѪѾȥ
ǽѵվ֦һȳһյȥ
һڷĹžоˮѾǣŲɳգΣѾûʸʲôˡ
ͷˮӳһ
ˮϴһּ˵ɢ֦ߣ´һߡ
ֻǱ·ľ룬Ѿ˿ʹϸȴϷ±϶ֻ֦ҧǰߡ
ȳȣҲüСķ
磡߳ţһĻæǰӹ֦
Ȼֻʮ꣬ȴũңɱڱ˴һȵѺõöࡣ
һŮͯ۵òӵĺСĵΪԼ˸ӡ
ѾԼԼͷϵĺЦЦ
תͷԼ߻˯Сӣݺһţˣ
ſˮСӱһţҲֻǷ˸ȫûĴ㡣
𣬿СӲζ˹
ĨһǿˮϾҪӻӺݺһƣ
֣Ҷ
ȭͷСһ˵ĶӶοﻹĸˡ
û˳ڱԹûвʯǶԣѾζõʳˡ
磬ǽȥɽҰˣҺͶѾȥСϧسӶѵ
ûкãȻɽ
Һһȥѵͷַһ
Ӳϳԣȴǿ
ȥֵ磬˵ˣҪҪҶԺᡭ
ȳӵģĶѾӻ
֣ѾȴȫԼ˵ʲô
ѳĬʮ꣬ȻֻȳӡˣҲûǮˡ
ӣӱŶѾ͹ߣʱڣɽӦûвҰˡ
Ӹ磬ΪʲôȥǼʳ̣ÿնкöʣʣˡ
أ
˵ţˮǰԵļͷôһγ⡣
ȥ򴽡
һͻĺˮ˴ӣѾ͹С̰ȥɽϣԼԸȥѰˣһ١
Ϊ·֣һ签˾ɥ签оĿףֻܴСסΪ
签УҲɵģǳ˵زʳ̵ʣʣˣӱһ٣ΪıǴ¡
¶ûͬѼ˵ǵġ
֮ȴǲʳţƵĸԣ˼⣬˵ĵ̡
Ѿ͹Ͼףɽϱ˻ֻлһ˵ͷҰˣ﷢
ҰԽԽ٣ȥȴ̫Сաȵ˶죬¶ûУô죿
ŮѾľȻ𣬡Ӹ磬Ůˣ
ӱĽһӦ˵ʲôεһЦ
ﻹڵʱǸǽŮȿѵ£Ӵ˶ѾúÿĽ㣬Ů
ЩҲֳɫ
Ӹ磬ôŮ˯ŲѰѾЩֵ
һ˲ҰˣѾȥ
ɽУŮĿУһ²Ⱦѻɫĳ䣬˳۽ͶһСƬӰɫѩȻҲֺ覴á
ѾŮԱߣճյؿҼÿŮ㡭
ҲЩҲûмôÿĽ㡣
ѾմСצŮ䣺㣬Ѱ
Ů޷Ӧæ̽̽ıϢ漴˿
λ㻹š
ѾѽȻȥӶ׼˱
Ȼ˻ţǾһҪȵġһʤ߼ǻﳣ߶Ļ
Ҳ˹ҧҰʵӸ磬ĸ˶Բô˻ȥ
ô˵ΪҲǻӼȥġ걻˴ڽֿڣ裬Ѫ˳ˮ¡ڱܽ¶ĻӲ̣Ŵ꽫˱
˵òᣬһöǮҲûУǵһõѲ˴
ܹܲţĴˣѰһĲ¡
ô˵ӻûڣѾµôÿôܲ
ƲƲ죬ŲĺòÿֻԱӡ
ӽŮ˵ˣһʤ߼ôȰ˾Ȼȥ
ʮ꣬δɣһɽЩѣͶѾæһְæסˡ
ӱˣһǳһŵɽȥŮָ⶯˶ϵ˿ҴЩ


47 
Сɽʵصĵ, ̫ިΪͻ۷塣˴սϡҪԪӤҪһꡣ
Խ۷Ϊ, Ѿ߳ɰο䣬ʶѰǿ
̫ި, ɰϵ£
Ϊ֮ģ, ȻԸĪһˡ̫ި, ͱ뽫Լʶӡ֮ⷽ, ȡԿռ϶Ŀơ
̫ިǲⳡ˼ҹ, ʶȴ϶Լӡʱ, 
Ϊ, ̫ިԪӤ֮п, ڽ, Ѿˡ
׹ɽ֮, ̫ި˫΢أ˯ȥ
ԼôҲ벻, Լ˯Ķ̶̼ʱ䣬ȻᱻС, 
, ôûѰѾҰ˻ԼͷϣСͲ֪ûϴ, мֻ
յ̫ިߣһ, Լմҵצӣֲ˼
һԵѽ֦۶ϣһԣ䵭صûˡ
ΪʲôأѾգ۾ǲ⡣
ѸɰͰ͵ػһ䣺֪
漴˵Ѿֻܾ죬˵ˡ
ӴŸװˮޣֻѺͶѾֵĶȥˣ
ôһգ۵ĹͲˣ
˵Ұӣ컹ûڣٳȥֵʣѾæص
ӱ㽫ӹڻϣմҰҲϴһϴֱӶ˽ȥ
̫ިѾķ˴չ򣬽Ұ˱
Ӹ磬ʲôʱؼҰﰲƬ̣ѾͻȻʵ밢ˣа硭
꣬Ȼǰǳˮζʲô֪ǳˮѾûеףѾûмˡ
ؼҵġӱ׾ذο˵ĻԼš
ﻹмأ
ӺˮҴĺӲԵһ·Ϊ签ѾǱ˴׽ˡ
éݶ˸󶴣ǽҲ©磬̧ͷܿϼȾɳ
ѳĬţϦϣԳ衣񴦾ѱܰϱˡ
֪ǳˮ³죬ټ˭Ϊֹ֮
ӰοųĶѾѿǽߣͷ֪ʲôûע⵽ڲݶ̫ިѾ˫ۡ
תӿڣڵתΪ߹
ڷ˾۾ӵĵطҲԶȿռ϶Ũ
ָ̫ިϾ֪̽һֱסԼе
ӿռ϶Կ̫֮֮ިһɽӦĿռ϶Ҳʱܸ֪״
Ϊһռ϶ˣ̫ިܽκζУҲܽжȡܴŻĴɽ䡣
Ը⣬ҲԽеСɽʵȡԳеġ
Ӹ磬ѾҴ˺óԵĻɫʱ˸߲ҵش˽ϾȻű˳ʣİֻռ
ռ
Ѿ۾ֱˣвԾطڳˮǰڼʱҲѵܳһֻռ
ȴЦ⣬ȻɫռǴĶģ
ϻȥʳ̰ʳӸҵġɵЦţȫûĽš
ʱһ߿ţͲʵҡҡ׹
̧ͷֻõڵ˽жʱһ
Ϊ׵꿴ŹǰֻʣµռʱЦһˣǵռ
ô˵æסռǵģ
ǰ˹һţҪʲôӸæǰһסɵ˵ĹѾڱؿżⲻƵС
ֺʳСүĵ̣˭׼Ƕַˣ
ôֵַֻ̰ռ
Ҵ򣡡ݺݵ˵£ļСȥ
ˣǿ֧뻤סӡ
һȣһƣ㵹ڵˡ
硭Ѿµػһ䡣
ӽͶѾҧأƬ̺Ԥеȭͷȴû¡
̧ͷֻСĶԭأϵıҲзŭתΪ֡
̫ިѾָ΢΢һЩҲСˤ˵ϣۡ
ͷ겻аˣջӳȭͣڿС
̫ި֣㵹ɶײǽ⡣
йһĻСǱ˵ӣǺس
Ӹ磬й𣿡Ѿſǻʵ
ҲЩйɣ
ǿ˵йû£ҲẦǵġ
ȻûϢĿ̫ިϣżּӣ㶯֣
Ӱһ磬Ů𣿡
䵭񣡡
֧̫ިһ񣺡ѣɳ֪ɳ٣Ϊ£
ѣ
̫ިЩ졣
ЩδȵСʦ壬ǻѡ
һѡ
ǣڷָ㣬ķʣʮ̤֮;вãֱƭȥһǣΪųȣǰ
˺ѳŰֱ֮꣬ħ֮УħףӴ˳ɾһ֮
̫ިû뵽ػһ֮Уδ̤;ѡ
ͬһʱ䣬签У·ڣһԵĹܼҵˮ֣ʵ⼸ҳţпʲô£
ܼҴнӹֵĽصؽǰиţ˵븮ж»Լ
嶯һ٣Լ
ᡭԴ׮¡
иõͬᣬҵʱδ䣬ŵԣҾ¡Ϊŭ˽ǰߵأʹ˰䡣
ʮ꣬嶼£û뵽ͻȻҵ
أ
˴ȥˡܼҵͷصֻһƬԣ˴˼ӣӳ⡣
ʲô循пɻҵµĻ鰡
죬ȥһ
ҵ꽫ȥлΪ֤ɾͶˡ


48 
廰, 鷿⣬ֶѾ˶ʱŭһƿ, ʵҪСһѵǵǵŮ޸
æôط, СеҶ׵Ļ飬нû֪, ҪЦҳ
Ҳ뵽, ֻŽ˸ϳȥ, ȴ˻л
֮, ǽһ签Ҳû֪ʾ, о뿴Цġ̾˿, ҲҵС, , »ǵýһ
ȽСһ, ֮֮飬ᡭʲôţ
ܼæѡ
, ѻЩӣȻԹ¡дżָ߸ϡ
ҲӦ, еǷһȨƵˡ
ô˵, ׼ԸūҹȥѰ, ȴ¡ҹѰˣʵ̫Щҵ, ȻԽ֪Խá
˵̫ףҴ˼ʮϹܼѾ֪˼ģ֮ɼŵùȥλɾ
ԣص˵ͷ
ǵڶһ磬ӭ˼λ֮͡
Ͳʵʱգְһţڲظص
̫ިۣ䵭ؿ򴳽еһ
ڵĻʱһ㶣һ£˳Ⱦư֮УŮ
磬Ÿʲô
˳ŽкعɨһĿϣѣ
ˣֻѵҪҵϡ
嵶ھ⣬ˡ
ѷǽѾµݣ䵭ʲô
֮ṫӹһ𣡡˵ţץ
˵룬жȴһҲ
Ȼ˼ҲܾĲ⣬ס⵲ǰ
ЦһڻӼϣ־Ҫӳȥ
һɳȥȴǻӣǸߴһ
ڿݲݶһػҳǺԡ
磬û°ɣһæǰ
û˵վԭͺڵʱȥˡ
аˣոô£
붯֣ȴ̤ĹܼҺֹס
ͷףȻԳ̬츮ܼǰ̫ިʩһ񣺡лðɳĪ֡
ȫ̫ިֻ̧һۣ㿴ǰȻ塣
ȻΪڷ˾۾֮أѾһһĸ֡
Ůɫڣκ츮ʵڲܼô˹
ɳѵǰŮҲˣ
ΪΡ̫ިڣܼȴһ֡
ƾǵ⣬Կ϶ǰŮΪȻԶʤԼߵӵܡ
ɳҵ£֮ˣҹǰ签ҵȷ֮ȥܼ͡æ͵
ף̫ިüȴûʵ˼ѣδ㡣
򴽣룬θҲӡ
Ҫͬһȥ
޴Ļˣܼҵ
ǻӰδػվ
ǼСɾѣԸһǰǡܼϴŵЦ⣬̬Ⱥ
ǰգ˽ѴӳʱҲ̬ȡ

ܼҲԼתͷٿ̫ި֪ɳԸͣ
ء̫ިվѻ೤䣬ɫǳǼĵ
СɽɴѰ˼̳еͳ֮£ȻܵпɣΣٿһ
ҪĲֹһ£ʱʱߡ
˵⣬Ͳ̫ިƣʱҲΪ֮ʧ
Ҳϣڽʲô⡣
ܼһݣɳġ
λɳȥɾ׽ȴ⻤Ҳ֪ʲôϵ
ףš
µۿ첽˽ߵ˵˼䣬ɫ֮䡣
ôˣ˼飬æʵ
üͷ壬Щ£ֻ˱
ʲôһæʵ˻¿ɲܳʲô⡣
˵λΪɳ΢һǾͲǿ
һɳôˣԪҲԵ˰¹ԺɷҲ˾صɳ
ɲǰ̣
˵ͷ¹Ժɽǽʦý𵤴ܣƾʲôɳμ˹ʦˡ
Ұ꣬ȴսʢŮԵСЩ֪֮Ӧ˻֮¡
Ƭ̺Ѹܼһȳһյ̤ˣ׼õĻҲ˵ˡ
ô£
ܼһֻ̫ިݣȴ˰ǰ֪塣
ѣλѵûйĴ㡣
𼸷ֲԤУֶǡ
ǰŰݷã󸮻ҵȣ˳ȥѲдŲݴļ֮⡣
֪Ҳ£ѴҲΪ˻飬û游ҽ
˵ԼŮлԼӣԸһ棬˽ϳȥ
ĻͻȻһƬεĳĬС
˲¡
ȻϣԼ籦Ůôܼ޸һ仧֮ʱһˣūͶûдҲǸ˼Ҿõġ
˿ҶȻǳװˡ
ңŮ
˴Ҫ£ɴԸۣ˵˵򼸰ӳȥ
Ҳû뵽ۼϲּأǴѵȣֽ˶ڽֿ
صȣƤûкʱ˻£貹Ǹлֶģһúýѵһ
ѲΪֲСȻΪ̬ж
ɿһֶԹܼҵȥΪСɾˣ
׵£ֻݺˡ


49 
¹֦ͷʱ, 签ǶΪҹɫ֣һյһյƻ𣬳аս, Цֲ֣ѷڰա
Ⱥ, ̫ިɫ磬סݣҪҹɫΪһ塣ڶ, ȴͶһƳ
̫ިΪ, ֻҪ, ΧЩΪķ˱㲻ע⵽Ĵڡ
о֮, 签֮йУҹʱ, б󿪡
ֹ签, ෲ˾۾֮, ˹, ׸ּùĶ
֮, ʿӣ̾, ڳԺڵ١
̫ި̿ͣȻ޴ڵĹҲ֪١
签, , 塣谵Ľֿڹһյ׵ҡҷ, Գɭ֮⡣
£Ϲһֻ۵ߴ֣żϻ˯Ų, Ƥûһ£˻ƣ˺ڡ
ڤעһ̫ި˵ţӳһʯ
еȻʲô˶ܽģ֪ҵ˵طҲǲŶ롣
ԭ˯âסʯԭλѣʧʧ롪
֪ΪΪķǱֻǰŮľ磬Լߡ
ÿ̫ި̧ڣӰʱʧҹɫС
ϺȻһյյ׵ҹɫ·̯λ̯ʿ⣬壬вΪΪãǰ˰̬
˴Լٵģڴˣضʿ໤һСģĶᶪ
׵£඼̫ިһһɫ硣
̯λĶҲǧٹֲ֣ҩ׭Ҳι״ʯͷݣвȱʯԼëɵȡ
̫ިĽŲֱͣͷȥ
¥ų֪£һúܹ㣬签֮УҲĴڡ
𴦣签е¥ȥЩᡣ
֧̯λǰ¥֣ϣһд˰ȸϣ𣬺С
̫ިǰָ
ƺȫûЩ죬ʬһҲ
̫ިȻûĵָ΢΢ϣһ𣬴˴η˹ȥ
ſڵϣһĻңǱ˭
һŭݵؿ̫ިĿϣڵЦ
ȷϹԼ򲻹ˡ
ηȣΪҡҡ¥֪£֪Ѱңʲô
ʲݽд¡̫ިֱӵ
˵оú֡
ǲݷĴ£ߵˣôû˵˵ǰλѣǴĸɽĲɣ
Ȼ֣¥ڣıǹܺԼ죬ûжʣҡȵлݣһƷʯ
̫ިʲʲô˵أ۸ȻҲͲ̫ߡ
걨˼ۺ̫ިһʯϣЦˣ漴ȡһͭãóһö
ϿһС֣ݣʮʮꡣ
̫ި򣬽ʶ̽С

ʮ괺ĩƽͽ飬֮䣬ؽʮأȼ벽𵤡
ԽգƺٿͻʣڶʿСʱڴʦһƾؽƣ

ģߪԽ߻ħΪԽնɱˮʮɣͥʵذһ
֮ʣƽƣ¡
ûʮɽˮӱѰ١

ɽŲԸ׳ڽأˮϣ㸲µǧ࣬ˮΪūߣ¾

ʮ괺Ϊˮʯˮԭ¡
ƽ䭽飬ࡣˮ״ǰʯءֶݫi̸ֽݫiΪӡ
ԭΪµӣѣˮΪ¡

ʮˮʮԭ¼ҳŮΪ檣¼ҲӣˮΧ¼ΪԳԳΪԼɱ
ˣаΪˮ̲ıսս
ã̫ި΢üۡ
һΣûݫiվѡԼá
̫ިöô⣬ΪĿĿԲֶεˡ誵ȷҪҪʱͬҲ
¼䣬ԼӦûʲôġ
¥ļ¼УҲԿˮԽ޼ɵݶѪȵӰ֮С
Ψ̫ި֪ķҲζţˮѾߵĩ·
ɽ۷ΪǿԼ޵ҲΪˣȻӵ˶ɽپʵȴڼ󣬱Ҫߵͷ
ˮһ֮أ˶ĤݣˣôԸȥ
Ϊ˻ȥֻʲô¡
̫ިûȥв½ƿºϪɣҲ֤Ȼǰȫġ
ȴûҡд˰ֵȣЦʵѿǻʲôʵģ
ĬƬ̣̫ިŻڵҪʣڣࡣ
Ķһ٣漴ɫڵ£ɲ˭ʵġ
һţдһµһţҲûм˸ҷ
Ҫڣȵɽʮ䣬ҲأеӳɽУ£˶֪֮١
̫ި֣ϵʱֶһʯһȫƷʯ
պȴаʯʣµҲЩˡ
ȻȻʱȡСɽʵصĸɫ̫ިЩԼĶ
ЩʯЦ¥ԭǣֻҪʯλˣʲô˵
ɽϵ£¥Ҳ޷̽ʣֻܴɽ˵𡣡˵
̫ި΢΢ףʾ
ɤӣ漴ſڵ࣬꣬Ͳꡣǰɽ£ʱΪʿȥϪɣ¥йʽͣա
뿪Ϫɺ¥ʼ̫ɽҰ֣̿ͰʮߣѪټ
֮׷¶ȥڣƺٿ˽УмѪƺԿյعƱйء
ȣã٣ͶϿˡ
˵ţҪʯ
̫ި̧΢һ֣Ҫʯ㵹˳ȥڿгɹطȦ˵ϡ
ոպ޷Ҳˣô£
ԼҲǽʿô̧ܱ־Ʒˣ겻Щ
ͬǽʿ˺˵Ĳԭô
ͷ̫ިǰЦոնЦѿɱٶˣ
Ҫ٣ѻټЩǮչȣͼⷽŷɳȥΡ
ܿһһʣ͵Ǹľʧˡ
̫ިЦЦؿԩͷ


50 
̫ި, 겻ոŵصҪһأԼŷʵɾͲһܱסˡ
ʶһ, ̻꼴ԵѺԵ, ôƽϡ˵ʯ͵ǽѣ
һչסԼ°, һĪģ˲֪, ھʧٺ󲻾, ӳʮɽ, ǿǶɽΪĴܣ
ʱˮʮɽѰǸɱǸʮӵľͽ, ֪, ҶԲѷ, һ, Ǳ㱻һС硣
صҲµò, ӴбΪࡣ
൱¥ʼѪ٣ǻ˳ħ֮ġ, ±ϾԪӤʿΪƺԿδ, ҲǺöԸġ
ҡ, ֵѪ뾵ƺغδóѾ伣, Ѿ䡣
µȷѾˣ̫ި֣նɱƺصĵع֮С
˵ҲǸˡһ̫ިԵ, ƶ길ĸ˫㱻˵ʱ̫¼ңСС;˴ū
֪ΪΣ̫Ů¿ݵ΢ūΪޡĸ׵Ȼͬ⣬ūЮҪŮ޸ŵԵɾ
ǸūѪò˫ȣϡ
̫Լû뵽ݵͼūƫƫһøǣû˴̤֮֮·֮ٻʱнΪ¼£Լյİˣ¡
ǰĹ£̫ިжûֳ˿֮ɫֱһ仰̧Ŀ⡣
ˣ֮ǰΪ֡
̫ި˵һ漴ЦΪѾ˰
¼޸˸һĽɾȻʱԸ쳤վãվǽ޾ٰüһ˫Ů
ūһػعʵ֮ʱȴԼյİٰüŮ˫ȫһҹɱ˶¼£Ҳɱ˶¡
ʱҪΪԼҸʵĽڡЦдżֲײԼΪ޷գǶ¼ҺΪԼİ˱Ӧ
̫ިζԶµ뷨Ҳ֪ʮ
һҡȣ԰ϱ߸֣ɧȻҿð¾ûмҲ֪£
̫ިüδţȴû˵š
˵ʯ䵭ϻ˵ֵ꣬ˡ
ЦЦ˵ʼ飺ӳʮɽһ࣬඼ʮСֱһԺٴ£ȻԪӤˡ
żȻħ°ӷУ֮նڽ£֪Ȧˣ½޴аֽ˳š
˪һ⺮ʮݣ¾ףԪӤڵĳһ£Ҳ޻֮
Ű˵þȣ˪֮Դ˱㴫ʮݡ
˪
̫ިʹµУֳЩȻ֪ԼסݲԾֳһǳЦ⡣
վ겻ʯЦʵѷԣѪǰŶµ֣˵ѿۼѪ֮
̫ިĿ⣬㲻˵Լ֪ôֺҡ
ĿԣЦⲻģȻǰܻм֪£Ʃ磬һʼһ֪ѵݡ
ڣ֪ˡ
̫ި΢΢𴽽ǣ˭
ѪʧھƺУúǡþͽûʮɽ
ѱǣذ֮ס
̫ިѾתʱعͷɫ䵭֪Խ࣬ԽҪܺԼ졣
¥ĻԼ⣬Ǳˣδػܺúˡ
һ㶣ô֪ģ
̫ި˵仰̫ިת뿪ûж࿴һۡ
̫ި꿴ıӰ̲סЦЦ촵ԼǰµһƳ
Щ˼
ӣ˼ã漴ҡҡͷ..ţ̵ʯ
ôʯ׬ֲ
ʯСպã̵ؽԼµ¥˳û뵽Լֻɻ⡣
лл޳˯ѵ¥˵лŹǰȥ˲Ϣҹɫ֮С
ҹɫлԶԶ֮ʱ̫ިѾ׼뿪
ŵͷЦаһôһ
̫ިӦֱ̽ӵ;˴زȤ
ǷһţҲǽĿɽ⿴عеİϹˣǰˡ
ݣһ񣺡ǡ˵˷˾۾֮ҪԼ֣ǰ签а¹ԺԸһһ
ɫһǣ̫ި䵭ӦһҹɫС
ҹ֮ʱϷ˯ʱһ󼱴ٵԶ
ͷ֮˾ƣ̫ӵֹ콫򿪳ӭӣ
ҹֵصĽʱѹƣæ³¥յĳŴ򿪡
Ȱݼ̫ӣһ׵Ľڳſڰ
̫ڶ̴ӻӵǣòڣüޣͦΣһȷǷ
΢΢ʾ⣬Ǵš
û뵽̫ôͻˡ
غŰ˷̫ǰֻ֣һѾƽϢˡ
ϣˣ˵ʧһ·ϣв签
ʲôйʦڣⳡˮҲС°ˡ
̫˳֣Ҳʦ˵ǡ
Լۣߵ̴ӷ߷߲ƽ֮أҹ£òײŽ񶼰ٺãЩسŵĽȻĹ͹ڹʦͷϣ
ͬŹʦС¶ʹʦߵĽǶλĹʦ۸кһ㣬ߵ̴ӶܽӵĹʦҲûʲô
ˡʾҪ˵ȥüĿ͸֮С
̴ȻԹҲΥֹס˻ͷ
ҹУһ˾ֱȥ
߳е̫ިתֿڣҹǵˡ
ôˣ˭ڳй䣿̴ü
ʱҹԭֵ签Ѿƻȥֻʣ¹к¡
䱸ս彣Сġ
ʱͻȻ˳֣Ѳ˻ǲĴ̿͡
սͣͷűסεŮڵҹ·֪δȥ»ɻ͹һ̡
ء̫ި䵭ϵ߹
ҹñ£סϰֻ¶ɫǳ˫
ڴɲǣȻ֮ţ֧Ϸƿն


51 
Ũҹɫ, ͻأһꡣ
âѺҹһС
Χ̴ӻ̰γ, ŵסܼĹơ
̫ި̧ͷⳡ꣬ϲʲô, ȴʵ㲻˭Īһ鷳֮У鶼̫ġ
Ůվԭأûκζ, ֧ȴ, ˵ֺ
ע⵽һĻ, ĿⲻΪ֮һ
˭Ϊʲôʱ签УЩɱԼĺ, ûйϵ
ǿ̫ިֵʵ̫ɺˡ
̴໤ǰ, һּ֮, ؾʱ˲١
ֿ̧һ֧Լ, תͷ, ֻܷȻԾյĺ, ϴȻɱ
һԤıĴɱ
ʱ򣬾ѾµĻʹɱ˭
ھ֮дɱһ̫, е£µ, ֻһˡ, ĵܵܣ硣
Ӱ۽, ɫΪ˾ϻ签ᳵ, ӻʮǰ̿;Ʋ°ˣΪʿ
ʾӵȼߣǰγ嵶ɫĻȻըһ𣬾˳աڵλãҪ̫Ӹ;ϵҲһ֮á
սֿΧĺˣҲӭϴ̱̿ͣӣ֮ȵѪڵ棬Ҫȼҹ
ʲѣУҲصľ硣ϵУıƩ磬޷С
ֻصΪҲǿûΪķˣһʮڻ¡ڶ̿ͣҲȫ·硣
һҵ̫ިȻҲ̿ͶˣȥһȺöԸġҪ󣬲ٺ´̿Ͷ
ĺâ̫ިƿĴ̿ͶȻסָ΢̿ͱ㵹ɶüˣһˤڵ棬Ҳ֡
̧ۿȥֻҹɫһǣ̫ިҹɫ֮У˫
ʿ
˼һĻ໥һֻۣΪ̫ިߵĻᵶΧѹᡣ
еĴ̿ڿ̫ިһ֮ʱҲ޷ǰһ죬Щ̿ͱ㲻ܿƵȥܽ
ǰ㿪Ϯĵ棬ո͵Ϯ̿͵а
⼸̿ͣѾʿҲԼ֮ϡ签Ϊʿ࣬ⳡɱˣѪ
⣬˹С꣬ǽ谮Ĳ·
ڽСǵĸҲԷͥͽֵܶ˵ĹϵԽţϾܵϽģֻһˡ
Ϊĵճӣñ㱻Ϊ̫ӣΪֱ࣬ܵڳյӵܽεĹʦȴϵѰЩԸ
ḡƵ־衣ƫƫʸϹʦ·ý谮ö֮Ҳԭе˼۳£Ϊ̫ӵԡ
ôҲֹܹһδɱжͳϵֽš
ץ˴̿ʳҲнӣƳһԼͳԽԽ޼ɵڽ˴ɱ̫ӵԭ
ΪĴ̿ͼƲһתȥ˲Ϣ֮䣬ֳơ
תͻأ磬ػɳһǻͷſ̴ӵѾɳ֮У
ΧѾһĻϣӵ£ȴУ漴˻ȥ
̫ިһ۽»Ϊɳĵ棬£΢΢أڿС
ָ̧֣ջ¼ʡ
ĶûɳȻͣһں´̿άµת˲⿪֮ʱЩܷ̿ɣһѪصȥ
һ̫ިΣλҹŮΪĸߣʦȼ硪
׼ĵƱƽ⣬ʣµĺ´̿ͼƲתӡ
ϰһѪ̴ӻ׷ȴ£ȥﻹûлڡ
ŵϵµ̴ӻгء
ҪڣԼλǲݲ£ΪЩֵЩô
Զһ̫Ӹ˽ظΪ׵Ľ쿴վѪ֮Ужʱһ
Ǹ°ݣĩȼ٣𷣣
Ǽжû˵ʲôֻ޷֮ǰ˵ʰɾҪŰա
ǣ
̫Ӹ˽ϵ֮󣬸签ĽҲˣϸͬҲ
һΣû˵ǰһ̫ިʩǣлɳ֮
û̫ިڶΪĴ̿Χɱ£㲻һֻЩƤˡ
Щ̿ͣȡԼȽ֮ϡ
һвм̫ӣûʸʵǸδ֪Ͼĸвֹһӡ
̫ިĶņ̃òЩģ壬䵭㡣
Ǻ´̿Ͳʶ֣̫ިûȤ鷳
ЦЦȾѪԳֽļ㣺ɳܺúվ
ɳҾɱʵڱǸɳǰ̫ӸЪ
һǰԮֵ̫Ӹ˽ͽɶ̫ި
ɳǰȥͲʮŮԭһλɳ
̫ި΢΢̧ͷǣֻǵ̬УԷǰȥ̫ӸǸмǰ򵥡
Цһҿͷ϶ñĿⲻϣھޡ
á̫ިҪСɽѰܹ̳еͳˣѿ˵ǰǰѡ
ȻҪ签һʱգ̫ӸӦǱȱǿࡣ
̫ިһǸίԼˡ
ǻعֵ֪ɳγƺ
̫ި
ɫ¶һذ׵ȹǣѪȾ棬¸վڷУɡ


52 
, Ԫ签ۻʱرԶɭϣԶԶִꪵĽڳѲ, սš
ſڵİնѲʺŵԽǣԪ³, ֡
óҵƣȴûɿڣ̫ӵҹڳ, 签, ˭ҳ, Ҫϲ֮ſǡ
̫ӻˣԪ΢ЩȻ, 漴Ϊҹĸüͷ
Ů֪˼ֻյҲ, ѵ˻Ӵɱ̫ӵĴ̿Ͳɣ
ˡԪʾס, 漴ƿ, ʾŮ, ִꪵĽ, 뽫Ѳǡ
Ԫ䲢Ǻ֮ˣа˿, ̫ھ̣, ּϲ, 
Ԫһ񣺡ҵһ
һѲȷ쳣, ҳǡ
̫࣬ڹɱ¶Ϊ֮𶯡
Ԫг, ֪Σˡص츮ϴȥһ£跨ȥ̫ӸݷãŮҴҵشԺ齹²ˣ
ԪððʧʧҲûпֻʵʲô£
ŮæѵһһԪ꣬Ծüͷǲ£Ҳ˴ȡ
ȥһƿҴԺصҩҪȥһλɾ
˵Ůɵɴ۾ѵӦ£
ȻαȥҩѾˣȫûʸᲢۣôܼ޸أ
ԪЦҡҡͷȻǡҶˣұӦȥ̽
ο£̸һ̸ʡ
ŮȻ漴ֵңԸ˻ôǺã
ԪЦЦӦǸˡ
ǸˣȻҲжԸ˵ķӡ
ס֮СԺмɽᾣϸˮƣĩ֮ʱԺоĻ÷ïɫ
ȻˣֻȻҪȫ⽫˰ƫƧ䡣
ԪԺţܹĶѾ͹óлſͰ͵ĸ㡣
˴ʱѾһϺõĽ£ȫϴ˸ɾѾֹͬʱһ޶
ŮæԪǰǰĹûע⵽ˣײϣϸмɫȹϡ
Լ˵ȹŮһһƿ˹Ķڽк֣
˵ˣɾǱ˴̧ģҪؤң治Լˡ
޴վԭأЩȻ
Ź˳Ԫ俴˹衣
ԪҲڴʱ̧ͷĿԣ߹һĨЦ
ߵĻӽлµС䵭Ԫ츮ǧţкָ̡
Ԫ䲢³Լݣѵĵһۣ֪ǸˣǸܵ͵ͷĴˡ
츮ˣҰ˲ⳡ£סµģΪģκԼȡ
ҵȷǰ˰
ԪһĨǳЦ⣬Ϊ̬ʲôãֻƽţ̸̸ҵĻ¡
Ҷ˵Ļ¡
ѳĬһ˲ûӴС¡
ԪʾŮ⣬̧УѿıӰһȳһյظȥ
Ԫóһƿ˵ҩϣЦּ֣¡ǰ¹ԺҩͿ֮ռ䣬ֵӦȬ
ûнӣԪ棬䵭̫ߣҵҲòҩ
ԪЦ΢ͣ󴽽ٴǰ˼ǲܣ½һǻŮ֮ġ
ϾϵĸĸϣŮܼ޵ŵԵ䡣
ĻЦһҵһεţס
ԪزʶҲҵ鹣游ǰҪ签ҲŻԼżԪ䶼ǶԷ䡣
Ѵ签Ϊ游뻻صҽ
û˵棬㱻˴ȣ˳ȥ
Ԫ΢ЩȻû뵽ѻô˵
ˣ£Ūɳ׾ˡˣҲûʲôá
Ԫ俪żɽкֱֻԱǡ
˵Ҳ֪ҲԸ˻ġֻһȣҾͱΪ˸ۡ
ѶãһһҪһ¹ԺѧԵ
û벻˰¹ԺġԪü
֪ѵش
Ŀ⣬Ԫ֪ԼѾûּۻ۵ء
ȻˣҲٶ˵ʲôԪվһ񣺡Դգڰ¹ԺѧǰԪһ𸴡
ѧ䣬̫֡
ԪԺŮø׼Ҫȥ̫Ӹһˡ
Ԫ䵽̫ӸʱԶԶ˽ĳ签УҲֻĳԴ졣
ͣ£С
ɫԪòöׯӺݣǰҲϷΣ̫ӽΧ
Ԫ̫ӵıʿȻͲ󣬵Ǹıȴʤˡ
³޶ѵɫĵ
Ԫ䲻޸ѣΪҪŮӡ
Ҫ
ȫδҵĳݣͣһ͵̫ӸСǿԼôʿ˳ȥȻҲûȱ첲ȡ
̫ӸʹȻǿӣҲðֻܴ͵ȥ
ͥԺһǰɫҶм۰̡
̫ިˮͤУִֽϻ·ġ
ֽ⣬˲Ϣɷǡôʱпգ׼Щġ֮ǰɽʣµʯΪϢþ磬֮ѰЩ׭
̫ިϣϸâϷ·һӽ
ԶԶһĻ۾ʱֱˣ˫ȲܿƵͤȥ
ӣӣҪʲôæסɫ߲ëʲôʱܸһģ̫ӸУְܺ
粻ͷ˦֣첽ߵͤ⣬¹ڣļҵСӰ
ɴû签ѲֵʱӱشģҲǸƽջڸǰװһŮɫӡ
̫ިһͷΪСӣǿľͷʲô˼һȥʲôʳ鱦Ҫʲôʲô
Ӽǵһ˸̫ިǰ˵
̧磬ЦЦΪҪ㡣
ֻŴѵؿȫûע⵽ԳƣԸ߰ҿǵӣ磡
˱ӣٻ󣡡
̫ިЦһƲۣȫȻԼҪͷ
ԪһĻæ̫Ӹʹӵȥ̫
䣬һͷԵˮУˮ
ԪĬһ˲ڵǿȥ̫Ӱɡ
ҪȵĲͤеλӡ


53 
ǵ, Լúվ, ôͻȻԵڳˮ
ӣˮУһͬǰ;
˫ַˮţͼ򰶱ȥ򵥵Ĺ, ǻġ
ֻ˺ܾ, 緢Լԭشת̧ͷ̫ިЦЦ, ʶʲôŭǲɵģ
̫ިü, ˵, ˼Ѿˡ
ܻ澣콫Ӿ, ΪԼǵ˾Ϳ޼ɵ˱, ֻһ仰͵ð㽻ңʱ򱾹뽫ô, ô
̫ިӸµһ, ָãϲŭݣһĨǳЦ
㱻˳ˮУʱ羹Ȼ̲סֱؿڴѡ
̫ި̧, һİƸϣƫͷȥ
³һѪѪˮġ
Ҵң籩׵ֻȱ˿, ˵㲻Щ壬ҸûңҴң
Լˣ̫ިһƣʱȥڶԳˡ
ͿһĻɫһ䣬תУƿ̫ިµĽơ
£ȴţ뺣޶
ʶؿ̫ިǾɫͤŮȥͲΪԼȴƲĽƣ
̽ʶͼȷ̫ިľ磬һʶ㱻
ͽǿסΣѪڣòƽϢ
ʵѵʿɣ
̫ިûж࿴һָۣһ㲻ܿƵشӳˮзһ֣Ѿ׵ȥʪ͸ֻ
³ˮݺݵؿ̫ިͼţ豾ӣȱ˷Ϊͽ͸ҵĻ֪ʲô³
̫ިĿ΢䣬ֻЩ΢ϰײͤϣһ漴ֲܿƵˤɽʯϡ
һʱ֮䣬£Ȼһ⴦ͥԺеײȥ
ǰͳױɫ̫
˲Լ粻㣬ͤе̫ިȥֻ廹û㱻һɲΥɣǱſڵϣһʱ
֮иƣȰѲҪԼЩΪͺ޼ɣ̧ͷżвζ
һѾ׵òӣʵز֪˵Щʲô
̫ިͣĵˣеģֹһΪ
̧֣סļŷ׭γɵĻţ͡ʧɫƴתȫǿס
ֻǻ׵뷢ⱻǺڣҲĻճ׶ನɣ֮⡣
һĻԪüͷ塣
֪̫ިݣ£ʵЩס
罾ݣԾ谮Ķӣ̫Ӹ裬Ԫ䲻̫ިΣȴĽǨŭΪ̫ӵǡ
Ϊֳðȡ֮ģڽУǶ̿Լĵܵܡ
ֻԼݣʵûʸ档
Ԫа֮ʱڴżʹ˴
Ԫϲ¶ϲɫ£ͤλס֣̫Ӹг£»һ鷳
ԪļУƽЩ֡űѵ磬ֻеŭЩ
Ϊ̫ӣǫãѰֵܣֻܶһ̡
Լ˲ܵˡ
ͻأ签ŮŲڵʦΪһλǰڳѷֻҪһڣûеǨŭǡ
λ̰ͼ֣С¡ôǶԼĸҲ㹻˽⡣
ûгΪ飬Ԫ䣬⣺ԪǰʲôҪ£
Ҫ£Ԫ̫Ӹ߶
ԪһͤķȻǲȴûж˵ʲôǺЦŵҹɱԪ䲻ⵣģƽǲеҡ
ǵ˵ͷлģһλɳ֣ҹҲЩƤˡ
ɳԪ䲻ɿһ̫ި
ݸ˵һ£Ҵ˷ǰʵһ¡
һʰ¹Ժѧԡ
ǲЩ֣¹ԺУеСԺУΪλҪѧԣ
ǰһλǰ签¹Ժа䣬ֻòһμѧԵİ¹ԪȥͬԼĹϵЦ͵
签УҪõǵܲμӰ¹ԺѧԵİ¹ҪôȨҪôǮ
Ԫǣ¹ԺѧԶЭͨʮ¹
ԭˡǵΪײߣһ¹ֵʲô
ԪͷЦЦ̬ʼնׯ󷽡
̫ި̧֣ͣǰ
ֹ̫ިͼҲ˲ʲôһһſڵϵ磬һʵֵ̫ܣȴ㸮е˺ˣֳ̫
֪̫ިݣ̫Ӹū澻ʳٺ»ſˡ
ȴûлشͣǰһƴ͵ÿԭòϣƽҲͰˣλɳǹµľˣǰ
ԣȻɫˣ
дϢҹһλΪɳ
ΪɳȻͤпȥСŮ
簤һƣǲţǾȻҴ
뻹֣ȴס
ɵؿ̫ި֪ǰŮΪǱԼĻҪࡣ
һ񣺡ūðɳԭ¡
̫ިǲԭΡ
˵ʲôʧԭء
һеȻͷϵĵ˻̿֡
̫ӣ֪ðɳתһǡͿǣȴٹ
ɳԸһʶȴúúʡһΣδػá
ͿŻѾûмõ磬ǲһʶǿһЦел̫ѣūһ⻰תˣϼӹܽӡ
ߣǻڵŭɳѵһݱˣ
̫ӸһУһٶ򣬻˼ʯ
ʹ뿪ǹһˣȥ̫ިݾ֮
ɳʯԵ̫ިһ̬ȹ
̫ިһۣû˵
ǽһöɽϣ͸ɳʯɳ
֮ʯʮΪ谮Ķӣ㲻УҲȱʯ
̫ިûգֻӦֻΪЩ񡣡
ЦЦҵȷһ׮Ҫͬɳ
ɳɱһˡ
ɳҽڣɱʦƣ


54 
¹ԺѧԿʼǰ, ̫Ӹϵʹӱҡ
˽ղУ̫Ӹˣæ͵Ļ֮, ַԸŮȥԪ
̫ǺԪͬΪ¹Ժѧ, һǰԺ, ʱԪһװϰ䡣ʱҲʮ, Ϊɫ󣬾Ȼǰ붯ֶ, ϸЩɾ
˵Լѧǰ¹Ժ, ʱԪΧԽͻ̫֮ӸҲһֱ
յ蹦, Ԫ˻
̫ӸʹӽľϻԽԪ䣬ԺѼ, ˡ
Ԫ, ̫ʲô̲סʵŮ, ﲻ֪ʲô
ԪǰľϻȡöԲμӰ¹ԺѧԵİ¹
⣬ǰ¹Щȣ̫ΪҪһö¹
Ԫ¹, صġ
, ˻飬ӦøЩ
˵šüһö¹ֵСҿڣ
Ϊ, ź̸˻£û뵽ԪѾ̸
ֻҪӦҵ£һö¹Ҳʲô
Ե˵ͷСｻ̽ϳȥ
ԪЩΣҺôҲǹʽֺαˣסհɣﲻϲȥǡ
۰ŮȰ˵һʱ˷ŵ뷨
һۿ̫Ӹռǵľϻֵ㰢֮ǰԣ̫Ӹ׽ɻǵã
һö¹ʵڼֵư
̫Щ꣬޿ָժ֮ƫƫϲʦ
ҲڹʦƵķ²˳мλԽһ򾴷
ԼĸײͬǲϲλҹµĹʦǰΪƼӷʦҲȰֹ
米ĳ¼ҽʸƣɫܣ˹ʦ֧ţҲ೯ƫ
ҲˣԸֵ˵λ֮
ǵȷǸбµ̫ӣһλҲǸʥ米󣬿԰Ĵܡ
һܣʥľ׷档Ԫ䴹סаɫ
õ¹û˷ʱ䣬ȡ˵ҵȥѡ
ȼֽ鱻..ţΪɫҽ
Ԫ䲻˿תͷѣһл֡
պð¹͵ҵ䵭Ǯлҡ
ԪݸһЦҲ
ʱת˲߽λ签Ƕİ¹Ժ
ԹĳԽֿڶԻŲ̷ūͣݡ฻Ҳݳǰֻǰݣպɣ͵ػȺС
ͷ߸߹֣ѧԣûʸİҲԽԺм֤
¶̨Դʯ̾ͣʱϴʮָɾӿԺԽԽ࣬ܽµķζ
¹ԺĵάѻȺУǰ¶̨ɫдż
֪Լûֻн¹ԺУԼпΪŵ游
ҵ游Ľɱţѵĸĸ游Ϊǰ£ҵѵ游ص签
;أ׹ѵ游ںϼ˱ûˮеһơ
ûУʶ㣬ϳˮơ
£ȥˮǣڱذնԣһĻ¡
ѵ游óԼضǵͷ룬Լȴͼƻˮơ
պǧ֮ıΪմ꣬غˮŰʧΪ
ѵգҲûе游֪Լ󣬾ǵһˡ
签ȥ
Ѳ֪˭ڱزˮƣ˭ΪܶԸġ
游签а¹Ժǽ֮ء
ôֻн˰¹ԺпΪ游
սеİ¹
¶̨ΧԽԽ࣬ȺʲôԼأˮֵۣ˶
ˮƽϢǶ̫ӡ
йʦʩֹסյĴ꣬һƬֵõ̫ȥ
ô꣬δ꣬ռǼྐྵȻʲôûһȺʬλز͵ķ
ѵͷصĴ֣꣬**
ʿΪ
һƬУ¹ԺĵӴӵǰòͬ꣬ʵȵҪࡣ
Ƴ֮ʱΧʱһ
ҵȰݼʦڳ֮Σʱ븩
ƺЦ˵ͷºͣĿע£¶̨ȥʱҵİ¹ԺӶһɵģ
̫ӺڣһԸ¹ԺѧԵĴ¶ɫʦˣô̫ӣ
̰ͼ֣¹Ժѧԣڼǰ㶼̫ǴΪ֡
ٳûп˵Ĵ˲ͷϵĺԸʹӵȥԺ̫Ӹĳݣ
̫һȫôճٳٲ
䣬ȺкȻһȻ̧֮ͷֻԶ̧Ų¶̨
ᱡɴ£Զȥ˵òԵЩģ
ֳɫ¹ԺеĹر˵͹ʦ⣬ڴ˴
Ų͸ɴԼܿŮΡ
˾ǣΪ̫ӵǣʱȻڲԡ
Ǻˣ񣡡Ƶĳһɫŭ
첽ǰڲǰǵ̫ӣп
ǲ˳淢ѣƽǡ
Цһڳ˵¹ԺУ͹ʦ֮⣬˿ɳСʦǰȴ֮У°ݣð֮
ɴ紵¶̫ިЩ԰׵鵭ؿڳΪߵˣơ
ɫһ
ȻϳˣǰбӱģڲϵŮʲôݣΪʲô
ƶ̫ިĿ⣬ȻŮ硣
зڣΪΪʤԼ
ƵȻϣǰߡ
ĿһӶζ
֪ˣδԶӭѼ¡ϹºЦ⣬ζһĿ£ƹ̫ިһ
Ϊ£˵߶̫ިϣŮ˭̫ӵ԰ݣýλϵĹʦ˹Դ
ƣ̵ա
̫ިûлشʾ̫Ӹ̧ŲǰΧڰ¶̨ΧȺˣԾóһ·һΣûڲǰ
Ƭ̣ڰ¶̨ϡ
̫ިӸµؿƣֱЩʱڻڣСɽɣ̫ި


55 
Сɽɣ
ƿ϶, Լǰ˵ɣֻǸԵСɰˡ
̫ӴŮǰΪ
ƵȻ֪, һԼв, ͽĲԽΡ
ϧֻ̫, ĲܺƵĵλô, ʼǽλĹʦ, 
̫Ӵһ֪ǳŮ, һ˳ҡʦλã
, ̫ިӸ, ֻ̧ͷºǲ졣
ʮ, Ҳ°, ǽҪһ֮ˣοˡ£˸Ҷڣ̫ިȴ߸ϵظ
ʵڲϲֱӵĸо, в̫ިΪ磬㲻óȻʲô
ǰһ񣺡ʦ, ިɳҵľ, ǰմɱɳ²ӹһ١
Ű¹Ժѡѧ, ɳǰһۣʦɣ
ЦЦɫ糣ɳˣҰ¹Ժҡ
ʱ磬ѧԸÿʼˣ̫ǰ֡ǣʼºЦ⡣
ǵͷӦǣϿ̫
ϰ¶̨վģĿɨܣӹơ
Ҫ֮ʱȺкȻһ̫ӵ£СлҪ˵
ͻأڳ֮ѰԴ
ɧ.֮УĿƽǰعȥ
һֲ£ϼ˫ֲţӻȡѪڶǰ
깪ߵףǱߣѪڴˣ̫ӵΪұڣΪʧİ
仰Χһ¶ɫ
شºˮְ̣
΢ʱıʣȷû뵽ġ
Ǹֶʣкԩ
̫ӣشգºˮ̣֣**鱯һһ
仰ڣڳ֮˶¶֮ɫôܣѵвٿʱɣ
ûȺеս֣ûصⳡѣȷ**ɣ
Źڰ¶̨µ꣬ǽ
Ʋɫڿеһε㶸ȻϮѪꡣ
֪̫ˣ
ֻδü£ڿɢ
תͷ̫ިЦЦֳ衣
һУԤı
ǰ签̫ӸС
ɳҽڣɱʦƣ۹̫ިǰ
ʦƳڣΪʿʮأ֪󲷼ףܹٽѣܵκоհ
ڣȴ̫ިɱλ¸صĽʦ
ԣǽ͵ɱƣΪų켺غ֣ƶ𣡡
Ϊںӵ֮вˮ֮±մꡣ
·ģǼ¹ԺӡɺƵɱ⼸ӡȴ˿촦ǰѪ飬շתС
签УűˮŰıذҰȴΪǲԸӲǰ֡
̰ͼֵĽʵڲʲôԱΣ̫Ӻαǰա
ٽ£ϷǷʤشӦˡ
Ǵ˵˱أҹ£뱱ؼλһƽϢ̬˴α֮УõǷкѪ顣
ĴѰգڼӵҵûбȫĨȥۼ󷨣Щ֤ݡ
Ѫ飬֤ݣҲѽΡ
ΪǰˣǽΪĴܡ
֮¸浽ûκãǸôضһҲסƵģƺֻнİڡ
Զ⣬ƽϵǿƺ签֮еˡο㴫ŹȥҲ֪ǻ᲻Ϊ˽
̫ިΨһһʵɱƵˡ
Ļ̫ިֻ䵭ؿ޸ϵ
ǵĻ˵úǹûʣֻǽİյȷ޹ȴ̫ި֮ʶûɱΪǱ
ôһ˵ɱƣ˲ǡ
̫ިһϲá
ƺҲʶԼĻЩʣæȵҽʯʮÿ꿪ãڵʣһԸ˾ɳ
̫ިû˵
Ȼȱʯǵʯζ֮ͽиǣ
̫ިΪֵֻֻҪɱƣУ׸ɳ
ƽ볯ĵķ̫ިϣȻЧʲôҲ˵ǽеơ
̫ިΪԼһյ裬ˮڰڣǵĸ߸
һڲ裬ڿڣƵ
Ȼܳǣ֮ɢ
Խ֮Ѱһ⣬¡
Ҳ˵⣬ȻûУ֮У
ٴ֣̫ިһ񣺡ڰ¹Ժ֮ǰһὫ⽻ɳ
Ҫڰ¹Ժϣ¶֮£ý¿Ŀ
̫ިջڰ¹Ժԭ
̫ި֣밵ж궯ֱ˲ܵ¡
ڵΪѾ۷̫ި⡣ο̫ި֮ʱԽնɱڵɣͥ
¶̨£ȥ˵ȫȻ֪ԼѾ֮һ⡣
ʱС֪ش࣬ԭΪںӵ֮лˮ󷨣
ѪǱˣ޶ĸǳˮ֮Ҳһ⡣ֻΪ̱ס
ΧһȻ֮ʵԣδҲ̫šˮĲһˣˣʧ
ʹغˮŰףڴ˴˵ţ̧ͷƣǺ⡣
˲˳Ŀ⿴ȥ漴
ǹʦ
˵˵ʦôָܻ
ûôʦܱܹһδδ֣ҾŹʦǵɥĲ֮£
֪ʦʲôסĳǰһȵ
Եʵڲࡣ
ǲļƣڵʦο
ƶĿ⣬Цⲻģʵѵ̫Щ֮ԣ
ǵƲ·磺״棬ʦףʲôҲѶڿڡհڴµľʦھǰһԱ֤ס
ⷬڣƵɫʱ
ƾһ֮ԣҪľʵڻ
Ȼ
ƶ֮ʣ̫ިҲˡ
ǰɫȹǷ裬һơ
̫ިһģĿƱƵõɶ°¶̨㽫һֳֻڵҲûֹסȥƣֱ˵֮⣬סΡ
ڵأ̧ͷֻ¶̨ϣ̫ި£ɵ


56 

ϵһγǿҵ֮ɫ, ̧ͷ̫ިĿҪԼˣ
һ, ˿ƶ֣غ˼, ֻԼ꼰, ʦɽˡ
ԭûмĻľһ֮ʱƲϴӦˡ
ľǵʱ, ڴµķ֮һǻʿ, ǰҲᱻ̽ļ
֪˵ĻǼ, ֻľǰһԱ֪
ڳ֮˶ɵӣ£ʵ֡
ʱ, , ѵ˵, طǳ, ǹʦġ
˻ɣҲûһ˸վʲô
ڽЩ, ʸ, ζҲλȡ
Щ˶ԣİղʲôԼҪ¡
΢İմʱ֮, ʦܺ绽ˣЩСܽΣ
ʦףôԸչľҪɱڣһ򲻼ʲôһЦЦȴ۵ס˵ȷԣ˷ҽˮɹʦ𣿣
ǰһȻθߣ֮С
ƻվĿ̫ިƿǣСݱ˵Ļкοţǣʮأ游Ҫҹֵң
ο꣬ڱӻ˭Ȩҵ
Цţһǰ
ǲûΪĻ游㣬㣬㣬վ㣬ʦҽйҽշ꣡ǹʦܱӻգյݽΪʲôҪ㣡
شգƳ֣˶ΪƽϢơʵȴںӵлˮ󷨣±شꡣ
̲ס˽ֻ涼֣**
ģǹĽգΪԩ꣡
Ļ£Ⱥ̲סк֮䣬Ҳ޷ֹ˳
ˣľ
ǻ֣ʾʹӽ׼õļ̌ϰ¶̨
ƺ޲ýǧУһУ״ǭףҲǰźõġ
Ϊһ֣
֪ˣԼý̫ӣôꡣ
ƲǣǾҡԼĵλȴû뵽н֮¡
һζֵĶ汻ϰ¶̨ľ
ɫȹǱ̫ިд¼ģһӣɫķıƲƶȥĽŲ
ƲСЩƣתȫ֮࿹ײһ̶졣
Ŀ̫ިԣɫٳһͨľ޴󳤸УЯ̫֮ިϮ
ȻӣݹԼˣ
ƿգ̫ި˲Ϣ֮ʧԭأһգ̧ͷȥֻ̫ިһ鲻ʲô仯
ž޸˽ȥ˿ƿնסУ̫ިƱǿˣ޸ڰ¶̨ϣʯ̾͵ĵ̼һ޴Ѻۡ
Ⱥеһɧ.ң֮дֻΪķˣȻȻ
Ҫɢ֮ʱԿ˰¶̨ϵĽơ
¶̨Ҫĵطڽ֮ʱΧؽƣҲͽư¶̨ƵԿǡ
Ҳѡڴ˴¶ƵҪԭ֮һ
ǷԸԼѰźõˣƷ⣬ನ㲻ᲨЩա
ڶݵĻҺټ¶̨ϱֻʣƺ̫ިˡ
޸أнΪ֮ʱҲѸ硣̫ިǡǡǹĪĹƾ˿ա
㿪У̫ިھ޸ϣɴ𣬻ȻɡٴλӶ޸֮ǰѾ˿Ʋס޸˿
˳ƵϣҪ
Ʋ㿪ע˿һתһѪۡܵϴĴʹƲŭս޸Ҫն˿ң̫ިУ˿ڣƬ֮䣬϶˺ۡ
޸ף¶̨Ŀ⣬һ̲סȥ̫ިջ˿ңתƻ΢΢̧֣ƻ֮ǰ
ɢȥԭڵĳ޸ͷһѪ޸ڵ档
һȣ̧ͷȥֻǰѸͷѾǶڰ¶̨ϡ
лδΣ̫ިڰ¶̨Ϲ˼ȦһǱ
붯֮ʱ̫ިϣ˫һصعȥ
¶̨ϣտһĻһʱѻȸ
ǾĹʦˣڰ¶̨ϡ
̧ͷɫôʦȴŽµ汻˴ú޻ܴ֮裡
ڴʱҲ֪Լ̫ިĶ֡
ڵ棬̫ި˫ĿؿƣĿ⣬ڻңæĵ;ףԸ䣬ѲҪϾɱ
˵ţȻ̫ިͷ
ˣڳ鸴֡
ĵģǽĹʦǾĴڡ
ƲЩĿ⣬ϥǰȥǳġ̫ި֮ԶʱȻ̧֣ϸܶ
̫ިϲ֮ɫ֣һչһ̣뵹ɶأҪѨ
ƻʯãÿ϶ԿвͬģһıᱻƻھΪˣ򵱼
ôҲû뵽жĻԼ
žһ籬ѿƤҲȾѪɫΪµʹధţڵ淭
ھߣڵ𵤱ѣϢҲһίڵϣɢң

꣬ŵΪ
ʲôûˣʲôûˣ
һֱճȭڷΪ֮£Ѿȫİšһгɶ֮ǰʼһġ
ڣڿԷˣѾΪһΪʧķˡ
˵ʲôԶϹֻ۵ˡǵڹİˡ
ǵȻҲϳݣµһ
߿һ۵ڵϵƣ漴ջĿ⣬ǰ̫ިһ񣺡ѣ³ѾΪȫϣѲҪɱ֮֡£Եڣ֮Գʹ
ƻдڵˣֻаܶ
ɫ鵽زһղһղܰޡ
Ψнնҽԩܰߣ
ԳĬĿ⿴λڵߣЩǰȻ̲סη֮⣬ѡ
ʱ߳Ⱥ
˶עʱذף̽ƵҪ


57 
Ϊ, ڵǴֻ̬֮Ǹе꣬ʱҲûж㿪, ֻذ״Լࡣ
ѪȾ£Ƶѣ㡭
ֻü˵һ֣б㲻ӿɫѪϢҲȥ
ôҲû뵽ԼýˣһΪϡ
ԪؿһĻ, һƬհס
Ϊ¹ԺӣʱʵڸӡҪǣһ, ûǰֺ
ǲ
ڵ, ʲôأ
Ԫ䳶˳, ޷֮󣬽עǵµģҲζ, ԼĿһ
ĿϣԪ俴걳Ӱ, вʲô
ѵĶ, ߲Լֻһʱʧ, ϱʡ
˵һȷе֤, и, ҲаУֵõɱڵˡ
ڵţ
ǰ, ȷѾʧȥϢ߲ɴŭһ˦һ˰ڵϵѡ
費ɢ֪ԼΪܶ㿪һ£Լضˡ
Ѳɱơ
ƺ游ֻҪΪ游Ը⸶κδۡ
Ѹĸ游Ϊ˱ؿຮɵôع签֮ʱصǳ֣Ψһ˵
Ц֮ǰ¹ԺУҵغֵΪ游
˰¹ԺԼ˳˵ĵӣ
Ѳ֪̫ިûгֵһԾ츳ͨ¹ԺѧԣΪ״ӡ
֪ѶԼʦľԼĴޱظơ
ûã㱻ƭȥһǣ֮ʣһλ˵ĳϳ־
λųΪޣƸӴܣӴ伣
ֱѵɣѰټնڵ¡
һΪ̫ިĳֽ֣¶Ϊ˵֪˳˭㲻ٱԼɱ֮ƭȥһǡ
Ҫʱ̫ި֣ײ漴ڿɢ
ײನȴƵˣ֮£̫ިԭأҡ
վΣŭҪΪһ˺ҰԲɣ
ˣɱҰڳϣõ֣
˵̫ިתͷѣԸСɽ¡
̫ިΪҪСɽɵԳƵԵʣˣź˳ΪСɽͽ
ѵĿͶŭⲻߣ̫ިǰףԸСɽ£
һǸˡ
ο͸ղ̫ިƵСɽɶǱȰڸΪǿ
ʵ⻰ҲϧѾǼǰˣСɽɣ̫ިѾҲûˡ
仰̫ިߣЦЦСɽɵĵӣ㵱ű棬СɽɵĵӶ֣ǰСɽˡ
ʲôСɽɣü˼ȷԼ֮ǰ˵Сɽ֡
ѵǸŴɣ
Ϊ̫ިΪߴǰ˵СɽɣҲҴ⡣
һǿѹŭˣһԵλ޹СɽΪСʧԣѲҪ黳
˶٣ת棺ֻ³ҰˣڹɵУΣҲøҰһǣ
ѱϾͲ˵վɫʮ֮ʣ游Ҳⳡ֮Уɱ𣬺δ֮У
Ϲһֻ۵һտƾʲô֤ݣ
ôľҲûа취֤ʲôϾ״꣬Ҳûۿʲô
ֻҪûֱӵ֤ݣھͿԵϡ
֮ʵںţڰڱӻµĽෲڳ϶Ϣȥ
ߺͬΪʹߣ£Ȳ֪飬ҲѲ˸ϵ
֪֮ӦΪҲҪΪ粵ԭ
أִӺδҵָܹƵ֤ݣ
ܽƶʵвʡ
Ϊʦܽչ֮꣬ڣ˽ΨнĶйڣŲռ֮Ϊ
Ҫ֤ݣ̫ިʵڲϻ΢΢ָ̧⣬ֱߵɽķ˹
ɽûˣֻ̫ިһӨӨķڰ֮С
ָ̧д¼ģӵ̫ިѻɫĳڷз衣
ڳΣһӣڷ֮ϣͻأкɫ֮С
һ̣¶̨ϷպɫڷΧγһһŤһ޺֮
ɫһ䣬
̫ިŮȻǷ޴ܡ
ֻ֮ϡ
̫ި˵ˮ֮ʱԼµڽ޲ħŹԷΪ
¶̨ӨӨķεĴյ
ưãûںˮ֮УΪİͽ͵ˮţȴǱһͷȥΣճ׹һз·˼
αǰȺ֮мȻ
ΪֻѪ꼸仰ݣǸ֣˶Ϊ˶ݡ
ۿĽ֮ʱҵΪƱ粵
ںȥģһˣЩǽİա
㻹ʲôҪ˵̫ިߣﲻʲô
ڳ޵Ŀ㶼Ͷߣʱ˿̣ǺѲǨŭ
ĬȻƬֻ̣ܳ̾һ
Ұ֮Ի̫ިһԽԵ͡
ˣѾء
ĺɫӳ£ƥ签ǳطɳ۶ȥ
֮֮±ᴫ޴ʦ
޸˰¶̨ϣôΪ˾ʾˣԼ
ȷǸʺˡ
󣬾нƫ̻ͳ谮ɫܵҲвĵλ
ͬΪ֮£ƱҪóЩô԰֮ʹߣҲһܾվȨ죬λ߹
ڳŹرǰ̫ިƥһǰһ뿪签
ںˮΪ¶ĺӱиǣǼǽգǱӻǡ
ʦ㣬Ҫδȥѻͷһ۸ߴ签ǣջĿ⣬ʵ
ԭ̫ިʦΪհ¶̨ϣ̫ިѾԼΪӡ̫֮ިȴʦ㡣
˱֣ѵȻ
򡣡̫ިص
˼̳еͳˣҸʵĵطСɽɵɽš
̫ިϤ֮أ
ѻ֪ԼɣɽŶûС


58 
Ϊ, ζǿȳܲһ󷨴̫ͬ͡ި, Ҳܲס߿е硣
ӽ򶫱, ʿƼ۸ӣ֮һ鼰̻ᡣ
̻¸ݿɳǶгƶ, ʿڴ˳۱¡ٶȼ㹻ȫڵͽʿͷ˶ԣõĳзʽ
̫ިȥۣΪ뵽ǰ, һСĶķʽ
չˣûΪ, Լ̫ިǰ߸շĺԸ
Ѿ̫ިĻ
Ʋ, һ
ҹɫ԰ףֻǰ̫ިıӰҧûг
ǰԶ, ֻǰһƬģ建ȥ
صڱĿ̫ިۣعͷȥ, ϰ޹
Եڵϣ˫Ŀ, ֪˯ȥǻ˹ȥ
̫ިѵһ˿ãȻ, һȦ˿ֻ˯˶ѡ
Ϊǰ̳СɽɵͳεΨһѾ¡̫ިҵʾѣֿ伣Сɽɵĵӡ
Ϊ̫ި뿪签֮ʱһƿٹȵһ·óԺȣѲۡ
οǰЩʱһ·ӱص签ǣֱ֮Ļȣ屾Ÿһһҹ·ۣȻЩԲˡ
̫ިһʱûпǵһ㣬Ϊҹ߲ǳ¡
ˣ̫ި̲סüǰûӣôĵӡ
ȻСɽɺ飬ô鷳ҲҪΪСɽҵܼ̳еͳˣʹɽ䡣
Ƿ顣
̫ިָϣѵ帡ն𣬽㻯ϡ
̧ͷ˿ɫ΢һ֣ԹԸ
öãһ¡
룬Ϊǹʦƽ룬ƽʢЩҲʢ
Ѿǽ˾Ĺʦ㺦յס
죬Ѿ㹻֮ڽ֮ڴ￪
⴦ΪҲժңҲƵԼ˾ò˼ʯͷéݶѵķƿ󶴣ʱˮϵֻһƬǽ塣
⴦ưܵ˻θߴԻͷң˿ò
ϸܣŲԶԶò毺õŮӷ˽òᣬлط֮ˣһβȹҲڷϡ
ˣŮǸԻЦЦ첻·ڴЪͣ·
Իûпͳϣֲҵ㡣
ŮӸмһЦ˻ԡ
òãϹųɵЦ⣬һ۱ܿ볣졣ʱŮӵ֣ɵЦģлţᣬᡭ
ŮȡΪ˲ϻҳǰ⡣
˸²ãŽ۵һȺؽ
ôͻȻˡĨһͷϵˮڣЦЦԭѾˣ߶߶ţ𿾸
һźϲЦ¶Сż
ŮЦЦϸСɾؿ
ԻֻǳĬһؿ֦û˵
кŻó׼õĸΧ֦ɲ˻𣬿׼õ⡣
ҪΪ˳ԿȵģҲܶ꣬ʵڲض
̫ިʱͲѾˣǰ˵Ŀ˲ȫڸڿеϡ
壬ϵһˮҲûմϣǸڿеƲ̫ÿ
˯ú㣬ϾʵںۣҲΪˣ֪Լʲôơ
Ǽ¡
̫ިû˵Ҳûж࿴һֱۣڽĿҲ˸ɲϡ
ˣ·
ڵķ̥..壬̫ިòԼһСľͽûˡ
ؿ̫ިһۣŵ⴫ζʱ˲
󰡡ãŮͻȻڣƬЩĳš
Իϵ֮𣺡˵ռλ֮ʱǸҹ
ŮǳЦô
꿿˯˯ȴȣüͷ壬ݽج֮С
ŮӰᡣ
ǰλյǻʱԭҲ͵Ӣľϧ빬֮󣬱ɫ԰ΣΪľպĹ¹Թ𡣡
󣬳ӵ׵ܣ֮λ
˵ǲǴΪһŮӣŪ˴ýɽ
ŮӴ˿飬ǰ
һЩؿڣԼӹôܹһŮϣֲӣ
ԻĿͶ꣬ҷµ˫Գı䡣
궯һ٣ڨڨ졣
ԻٿŮӣᣬǳ֮С
ж񱨣ǲǼôŮЦⲻģı
ǵˣȻǼ¡Իصϧˣû
ŮһΣû˵ʲô
ҲʱԻγ˽ű߿վŮ
ʱŭҪʲô
ǰֹ㷢Լ
˶ʶʲô
ԻЦһһŻԵĿ֦ϺõĿ̴㣬ɫζһڣʿҲΪʧ֫
ʶնͼתȻֺòˡ
ԼҲãڵ档
ԻЦһٴοŮӣᣬҴȥ
ֻҪɱɵӣϻԭ㡣
Ůӵʹüۣ˯꣬ɱҪɱҡ
Իһ鷳˼ᣬɽһ
͵ɨڣԻˣҪȽǶɱˡ
Իᵶ̫ިȥôУֻŮ֪̽徳磬˿̴ĶΪԽߣ̴άֵʱԽ̡
Ϊ⣬ɱ
Ŀµ̫ިۣĿ΢䡣


59 
յǻλ, 롣
һļǶɫ, ʮʱ, 뽫͵Լֳߡ
һĸֵͬܣֳӵｭɽ, ׵ܵһȴֳֻʩ, òޡ
뽫Լ֮, С
Ҳйɽ, ΪˣŻĸԸȥߣΪڵһöӡ
˶֪, 빬Ϊķ£պĹ⣬һĻ
, 뷢֮ʱ֮оȻѾûмԸάλ
ʧġ
һҹ, ԼסĹзһѴ, ֱ, ҹ, Ȼ档
˶ΪѾ˻С
ֻ֪û
ֻǷˣᱳ, ŷˣһ·ӳ
ΪᰮһԼðˡ
ֻʼһƭİ飬עǿ
һжѾ̫ˡ
ȼѡԼϣУ뿪
û뵽ᱳԼ
ѾλܷŹΪꡣֻҪһգλп˲ȡ
ڹϣ׷ɱ˲˼ᣬҪش
ֻҪɱ꣬ԭıѡ
̴ҩǽʿҲԣһʱ޷
òԻڵΪΪϱ
˰ţᲢ֪ǰ㣬ǸΪѰŮӡ
ҲʿҪ˳ô򵥵¡
Իȼ̴ԭ
ɨУԻĿ̫ިϣͷסһ˿пЦ⡣
еˣᣬҪ˭Ǽ˲üˣ˲Ļ
ȻˣɱΪ֮ˣˣ˿̴㣬ҲΪ塣
ῴԻᵶ̫ިȥ󱳣ɫݡ
Ůӣô
ʲôپ
ԻؿһۣЦҪ֣͹ǲý
䵶£ˣ̵ֻܲرۡ
һ̣˿ҲסУ̫ި΢΢ָ̧Իгַɳˤڵأһ졣
һʱ䣬˵ĿⶼͶ˹
УҲһ˿ɫ
ûжԻ
ôܣ
̴ɫζɫҲһ¡һУ̴㣡
ôûж
ڵΪ֮⣬ΪްܼʧȴСģΪ˿̴һʧ
ȴ֪ɱ̫ިľҪǿϲ֪١
ˮϵҩ˵ôûвеĿ̴㡣
ԭ£ȴû뵽ԻŮ˵˼仰ŵ
̫ިӲ֪Լô޵ʡ
鲻̫õԻ˷ʱ䣬ٶ֣˿Ѿƿնȥ
ԻûüӦѾֳһѪۣŵؿǰŮֱͦͦصȥ
ǽʿҲ߿̴㡭
һĻ겻ɴ˿̫ˣλû¾ͺá
һԻĵʲô÷Ҫɱ֣ºˣԼˡ
ȥоɫ̧ͷһ΢ЦлȣҺͷм
Ͷ֮䣬һϧĽᣬĿԣ۵ĺĹ⡣
۵״һ̣̫ި΢䣬һӣڻԵ㵹˳ȥ
ˣͬһ𾪵Ŵ졣
⣬ôˣ
ײǽϣֽΪ̴㶯ãڽ䡣
ϡĺѪѵ㻹ͨȻ̫֮ިڡ
ͨȻ֮ڵĺѪʮϡͨȻ֮ʵѵá
仰Цü䣺Ǻ
ôǵһΪԼȻ󣬷кѪˡ
붼֪¡
ΪΪǸɫƤߵȴ֪ƴӣȻ֮
ΪȻ֮ԭʥʵµ꣬ô˻ӹ޵
Ϊ룬꽥ʧȥ˱ԣֱŷ֣ԼѾꡣ
һѾ޷ء
ᴹȥб
ɵڵϣ˹п̴㣬ڵ϶ˣᣬᡭ
޷εľ֡
ԶԶ᣺£û¡
ƽЩſ̫ިðѼ¡
ǳϿң̫ިȴΪ䵭㶯Ȼ֮ҵ֣ɱڳˡ
ޡ
ûһɿᣬλôÿľȻôݵ
̫ިѾ֪ҲûжԼΪӽΣԭ㣬ϧԼᶨȫΪҵҡ
ʧĲֹԻᡣ
̤֮ǰѾ֪еҪɱꡣ
֪ˣỹ̤УȻΪȻ֮
Դ˻ɱʲô
ֻû뵽Żʱ̫ިҲˡ
Ϊڸ٣Щ˶ɱ˲ȫ
̫ިƳɢ̬֮ǰҵĴ֪Σ
˾£ܹ侲̫ި̸
̫ިû˵˿ҲסԻĴƿƿˤڵأһӿ
Ƭ֮䣬ڳ˱һԻָ
ʬ뿪̫ިٴοڡ
վԳĬһ˲̫ިһ񣺡лѡ
һεлࡣ
Ҳɱ㣬Ϊ㡣̫ިû˿
ʲôˣɱһûüϵ
һҲû뵽̫ިô˵۽૵л
˵գóɵǰԻʬȥ
˱Ӱ겻Щꡣ
յ»һۣԼûж
һڻ̫ͣިǰһ񣺡лһԣлǰ֮
Ҳصл
ûǡ̫ި̬䵭
ЦһźϲΣûǰҲӹһ١
˶٣ֿڵǰɫǿЪһҹ·
㡣
̫ިѾۣʶȤ˵һԣٶ˵ʲô
ҹɫŨʱѾҹڱ¹⣬͸Ϸ󶴣ܿߴĻϵǳ
һʱ֮䣬ֲ֪ϦϦ֮С
Ƴ˯ֱˮлһԺ߻ѲԾüЩ˭
ˡ
̫ި䵭æʦ㡣
֮ȡһӸ̫ިûΪ͵˼
ֽסЩԣǡ
õĹ̫ިص
֮ӦûӲһ㣬ʱʱûˡ


60 
ؾ
ѿй, ͵һ¡
Ҫ̤֮·ˡ
̫ިѵǶؾĵһ Сɽɲ¥ȡķСɽʵص֮꣬, ڲ¥ĥʱ䡣 
ʱ, Ѿ㹻Щ鿴֮һ
ǵʺʲôķ̫ިع˼Ҳ֪
ʿ, ķΪ
繦伮ΪһŽףϵĹڸ֮ҲƷ߽׵Ĺ, Ѿ֮
Ȼ伮ƷײԽԽãΪƷԽߵĹ, ͨʿҪҲ͸ߡвֹ֮˵Ҫ, ƵϹŹ֡
ʲǿٶȷᱻ
ˣΪķҪѡʺ츳ġ
Ѳ֪ԼеĶؾһ߽ķ
̫ިĿ, ûеӶʲô, , 俴ȥ
֪ʲôʱ, Ѻһ֮, Լ˭Լδϵַ·ʵӿС
˷Ⱥӿ֮УԴԴϱա, ˢѵľһȥʣֻ뵤֮У𽥻Һ̬
лһ˯㣬ԽԽŨȴֻǷ˸ȫûв쳣
ΨһҹĻͻȻŨ̧࣬ͷѡ
ЩǱ
ƣʶϼѰɣ
̲סֿĿµ̫ިȥͲΪȴǸڵɱ֣ǰȻ޻֮
ۿѴ̫ިнӹķŲʱȻѾɹˡ
ܹռ壬ϼѡ
Ǿʲôˣ
ǣϵķٶǼ졣ʱƣϵϢһ
֪ѵľ仯̫ި»⣬ʧǣٶȱԶʤѰʿеѰʿͻʱڵľݣѶԣҲޡ
öãѱܵСɽɵĵͳ
ڶһ磬崲ϵлһ˸
ӲŹǷʶԹһ䡣
һԻĬĬӲҲ˯㰡
лһԲ֪ĸ̣׼ҵԣע⵽ڵϵѣ͵һ١
תͷѣۣŵ۾
ûɣͻˣлһԱŵЩˡ
ļû⣬ҹ껹Ǹû˿ķ˰ɣ
иҹĻ֮һͷûҹ塣
һҹʱ͵أ
лһԲɱߵҲֻضѰ
꿪ʼУʮ꣬ҲصΪѡ
˵֮Σ֮ʱԼע޷
лһԵ츳ãҲ嵽һأ¡
ڣѾȻֻһҹ͵أۿһĻлһԸоܵػ˱˰
ʱһҹҲۣһҹ˯ȴƣˬ
֮ǰ۴ϵȾڸҹ·Ҳʹڣʹȫʧˡ
Լ渡ĸ۹ѲЩ˼
̫ިָһܳգ۱ɸɾ̫ިһ񣺡лʦ㡣
̫ިû˵ʲôֻȡһö򣺡Щʮ֮ѧᡣ
æֽ̧סصǡ
Ϊ֪̽ݡ
öм¼ʮַܳˮȡ
ԣ̫ިӦȽοûչӣûʦܡ
Ҳ֪Լٵģʽ֮·̫ިĿڳ羴Ȼϲ˵̫ިϵƺоѾλȻ
ʦ˵ĻһǶԵġ
ʦԸ£һҪ쵽
׼뻳У̫ިҲʲôȡһöɽӸѡ
ɽ䣬ЩãȻ
ʲô
лһԼ飬æͣɽ䣬ֻҪԼʶӡ¡
û˵꣬Ѿɹʶɽ䡣
лһļصѧû졣
ûʲô飺л
лһԿɺûйʲô飬ѵ̱ɣ
ѽɽ䣬ҲûʲôҪĶ
ɻҪϢ̫ިٴοڡ
ҡͷ̫ިվ߰ɡ
Ҫ뿪лһæкԼĻߣϣ
̫ףӲ÷ˣ
лһСӣôһͣһٲ䡣
·ϳԡлһԻصնǸλǰȥһʲôҲñȰ
ô֪Ҫȥ˯ѵĻʵ
лһһͷûͼ𣿴·ȥǱؾ֮أ
ǰΪ̽Զ޵̨ҵĳ㡣
֮⣬лһԸ׵˼̨ԼǸΪĽС
̫ިǰлһԴлҵĳԶظں󷽡
ϣһ·һӽѧϰ
ֹգѾǰ
Ϊ;ֻϢһΣҲûٳֹε
ǰڳǣǽΡ룬Ϸʱʿ
˳ڴ²֣̫ިɨһۣס˳ƶɵλãһҪȥģǳƶɡ
ҪȥȻҪ㹻ʯ
ðóʯǺɱƣã̫ިҲûա
λ㲻Щʯͽ
֮׬۵ʯ
Ѱȫǰ򣬳ǰҲٶķʽ̻ۣٶԪӤʿȫնС
Իʿֱ֮签˿ѷ
ǰ¥ܽϹһɫ壬ʱж̧֮ͷֻϷ׭֣Ͻ𷻡
ѽƥˣ̫ި̧Ͻ𷻡
ţӭǰ֪ҪʲôϽУҪ׭ΪԼĶؽƣϽ𷻶⣡
пʿ洦ɼµϽſܷ׭ȣϾ㶼Ц⡣
һǧ׭Ҫ̫ިżɽ
⣬Цݲģ֪Ҫʲôͷȡ²һ
̫ިȡһŷ׭ֽӹͷġ
ڿ֮ü漴̫ިʵʲôƷΪΣ
Ͻ𷻸꣬ɫɫĿ׭Ҳʶõġ
ŷ׭֮ǰȻδ
⣬Ӧ׷׭ֻ׷׭Укַˣ
׷׷̫ިص
¶֮ɫ׷Ľ𣿺οҲˡ


61 
׷׷׭, ׷ԣҪƽ⣬ı㶨ȻӸ, ѶҲ͸Ľ׷׭
׺Ľ׷׭ѶȲͬ, ʯȻҲͬ
Ͻ𷻵׷׷, ΪԼĶ˴׭ϵⲻαԼеȷһ׷׭
ϸϸãʵϲֽϷ, Ƭ, ֻ̫ܶިѼ£²ѧǳ, һʱб𲻳ŷ׭ļֵֻ»ҪϽг鿴ſɡ
̫ިһӦ, ʱϽڷȥ
ϳ, ϾΪ鿴һŷ׭
ȻŴ󳨿ţµۻǰֹ, ڡ
߻Ұ׵ͷ, Ҳ֪մȾʲôۼһ˫Ҳī, ˿ȥޱ߷
۵Ļ, ǲͷطзڵķ׭ſˣԼϾ˼ҵס˼ҵģʵڲô㡣
˱˵ʯҲʲô¶Ҳɡ
߷ץץͷ, 
׼۲Ŵ̫ިС
ߣ۸˻֣ϻˣʲô׭ҿ
϶ʲôд˵ǡóΣЧõķϷϽôգĶˡ
æ̫ިóŷ׭˫ַϣλϳϻؽķʦȻҲҪŵġ
ӹ׭ڿϷ֮ԭΪĿȻһ
͵վֱ׭ϸ
ϾȻûмķģ˿ȫȻԼ߻ˣŲô
ⲻ
ƫƫϳķģȻܳΡ
ϸֻ׭ϵķԲڷϵ輫ߣǱ֮ԼҲʲô
⻭˲֪ͼΣѧꣿ
ֻǿŷ׭˵̲סڵϳϣŷ׭
ȴû˵꣬߶׭˳ȥ
зէ֣εЩվȣϷۣ׵֮ɫ֡
ۼһĻ΢΢ɫûֽ̫࣬ýܳ⣬˳ֻźϡ
һ̣Ю׵£һнûҲ
̫ިָ͸Ļ
һ죬ֻŹ۲׭һͷ붼Ϊ̼ɫ
ȴԼʲôݣڷⲽԭˣԭˣƣͿƽ֮׷׭е̳
οóŷ׭ֻдѰֽϣõīҲϺõķֽīӦ
ŷ׭ϵķģɱĽ׵ķ׷ࡣ
˭ģȻԼжǱת̫ިʵ
̫ިüȥ
㻭ģʶʲôʡ
̫ި䵭صΡ
ԣ˫۶ʱʲô֣ɣʦкˣ
У̫ި̬ȾͽȻ෴ˣ̫ˡ
һҲصʲô˵ģңҲ˵ǡ
ʱڶƽϢżʱȥ۲ŽȻ̫ިΪǳ֣֡ĵķ׭Ͻ𷻻ᰴ⳥ġ
̫ިߣϽ𷻿մ˷
ȻյġòصͷǷĲû⣬ɫ
ϳϣֵ֪Σ
߼̫ިϻشԼ⣬ûؿһۣҰһԼҷ̫ިж٣Ʒʯһţȫˣ
Ѱ׷׭Ͻ𷻶Ʒʯҵļ۸չЧ⣬ѻƵģҲƷʯˡ
ڣ߾ȻҪʯչһ׷׭
ڣƷʯѾһĽ׷׭ˣ
һʱЩΪѣϳϣļ۸ֻ·вͬ⡭
߰һۣǲʶЩҵ˽ߡ
漴̫ިж٣
һǧ
һǧŷ׷ߵĶۣʮƷʯ
Ѱʿһѳ壬ҪϺõķֽīҪ룬֮ƽҪУһǧ׭ֻҲδܻꡣ
һ׷׭ʯ࣬Ͼѵжˣ̫ި㾳ʱˮԷһ򵥡
̫ިĻ˿һǧ֮ʲôеҶˡ
˵̫ިЩ΢֮УѵøܵһֱŸζ
ʯ߻˵ʲô̫ިѾ̧š
æϣΪ·лڵ֪ѻʲôҪʲô鱦Ͻ𷻿ӦоС
Ŵеʮʯ̫ިʵһ㡣
ء
˵Ҳ٣ⲻɣա
ﳤȻŹЩڷϵ輫Ҽǰؽ룬Ҳǲġ
̫ިĽŲȻסתͷۣʲô
ﳤϣЩ֣ﳤ֮⣬յһ¡
̫ި֮ţʲôϵ
ûж˵ʲô߳Ͻ𷻵Ĵš
ϽѼ̫ިţǰһ
ʦ㡭
̫ިû˵ȡװʯĽҽ
Ͻ𷻵ĽҲǿռŷֻǲɽ䣬Ѱʯ
ۿŽҵЩֱ߶ʯ̲ס֮⡣
̫ިһ֮ˣСɽУֻһʦ㣬Բȱʯá
ǰպẒ̫̇ިίԼˣмȻʯѽڳ֮õĽ
õ־ӣסһҹǧƷʯ
ǧƷʯǧƷʯĵһ̤뷿УоŨüܻʵʵ
ѲиķתԴԴϵӿڡ
˫Ŀգ߹תΪڵ֮С
ҹɫ¹֦ͷҹʱ֣š
֦ҶζҹצһO@֮ӰӴԾУصıϢ𣬵Ѿ֮еȴȫȻ֪
ɫ£Ӱһ꿿ӿںڰ΢Ц
һǽ֮⣬̫ިۣɫ䵭
վ˲Ϣ֮ţǰ
צȷ£һѪܣ˿òΡ̫ިü塣
ôױܱǰ
ΪСɽѰĴˡ
ת̫ި΢һ֣㽫Ѫסˣһɺɢ
Ũ̫ިӿ֮ۺﶼʴΪһ̲ҺϺʯ̾͵ĵ涼ʴӶ
̫ި̧ڿлһģ𣬷Ĵ͸Ѫӡڲµϡ
Ĳҽɺر䵭ֳΡ
ɫ֭Һڵϣ̫ިֳɫһ֮ϣｫε£붯֣ȴȻִ̣


62 
̫ިڳ֮ʱ, лһԺͼлҵĻҲ˳ǡ
лһԳл˼ʮ꣬ǰ, ˺ɽˮܶ˾δ
ǴѶ֮Ҫϵѡ
ңڳǱ½ɣ, ַ֡
̨ұ֮һ, л˼޵, ̨ҵļ̨ɽ
̨Žգлһ̧ͷŸߴԺǽǽ֦Ҷչ, ƽ׽˾ѹ֡
ط˾ѹ֣лһԲԾü, ĵطס, Ƶûţ
ʾ⻤ǰţãһ, ̨Ĵڴˡ
лһѾЩͷ̨۾ȻҪͷе˭̨֪Ҫȵϰ𣿣
̨֪ſɲ˭ܽģվȻвֱ֪ţ
лһװ, ֻǸ̬ͣȴ˰ٵҼҹ̨ĸܣ̽Լҳ㣬ϰ
˵⿪ŵūɫ˱䣬漴϶Цԭлҹӣ빫ӽǰδ飬ǵˡ
лһѵõɫе޷ȥҰɡ
ͷǣÿӭлһԵ˽̨
ǽвľïʢлһ˳Ż߹ֻǰɳƲĿϾӡ
̨ռعлһԸ̨һ࣬ȻûеԼҰľӴ
ֹһָ̧̣һͥԺǰлСӣ˴ĸӡ
лһԵüͷһ·̨ĲȻ˽⣬ô֪ļҵĸסڸƫƧ֮ģ
۽лСˣĸԼ˴Ǽ˼
лһԿһ·ۣ϶ֺõЦα
ˣȼ˰㣬Ȼ֪Ǽˣлһŭûе
ѺԺŮлһǰʱ񣺡ӡ
лһʶ׸л˼ߵŮ֮һ޵̨ҡ
æŮ̲סʵҰô
еŹӣ
лһԺУΨлһŮȥ
ɺą̃Ув˳֮£ΪĸôƫҪסôƫƧԺлһʵ
ǰдѶ˵ԼһжãлһҲûлɣֱԵ̨žðԲʵ
ǰշȷЩʣ޴󰭡ŮԺӣԺ˶ೳ£Ű˴
лһ򴽣ʲôתȣѾƫ
ŮӵΣ˲첽У㣡
Ů̧ͷ£ˮд绯֮С
л˼òÿҲֻ㣬һȴС
겻лһͬʱһ˽˳㻳С
ŵл˼Լ꣬޴һϢ֮ŻرסлһԣЩ׾׵ܵı
ãлһЩ˼㻹ǺͰǰһ㡭
л˼ЦЦȴû˵
лһûж룬ֵ㣬̨ɽ̨УΪ㣿
ûΪң㲻صġл˼۽޲תĿ⡣
Щ׾ӵת⣺ŷµ֣ҳ
˵ţԼҲȡһС
лһЩ֣ʲôʱϲˣǰ˵࣬ϲζ
л˼гռѣֲ޿ζ
лһԳһڣͷȷûпζ
ܶһãŮϼõҩˡл˼Щ
лһԼˣ˳ȥ
ںʲôҩ
ŮͷصӲصģЩ²Ĳҩ
лһվ£űϴգǡ
лԭֻߵһ̻ʮǰԵɺϾڶ̨ɽĸס
ֻĸأ֮ǰлչ׵̨ɽл游Ϊ̨ɽɾӣл˼»Լ
̨ɽĸ׵ϼѰضӣ̨ɽлңȻҲٲ˺ô
лҲ̤֮·ơ
̨ɽгŵл˼˳̨ҡ
лһԴǰףûǫ̂࣬ʱȴż֮С
޸̨ɽһ
дѶ˵Լãһĵ¡֮£ΪҪԺ̨ƫƧĽ䣿
Ůлһȥ֮Ӹôյ·ȥԡһѾΪ㰲ź÷ʳ
лһԶЦЦ۵ȴЩء
ɫȥҹɫڸլ֮ϣ¹һԡ
̨дһ춯˯елһԱѣҴţֻĴƻ֮
лһԸϵʱ̨ϰѾڴˡ
ʲôˣлһãȻͿ˰ΪԼ·ۣߵԵ
ôô̡
ΪˣҲӴܣǰȥץġ۴֮ǰͺ˲ʿ伣ôãֳˣڻ̨ңý˻Ὣ֮նɱ
˭лһԺ
ۿһۣ֪뵽ʲôڨЦֻ̨ҵĹʽ֮Ůסڸжѡ
Դĸº󣬸±㶼Ϊ
ҹɫУ죬һë㣬̨ƺƵӴܵķ׷ȥ
ΪˣһʱɢѭϢ׷Ѱɽ֮ץס
ֻΪߣ̨ҲɳĶǸ
һʱ֮䣬ѭ˽⡣
̨ߵţ㶼
ס־ڣɺȥòȻҲ˸⶯̫ިЮȥ
̫ިһѣû׷ȥ
Ҳʱ̨Ѿ¥֪Ϣߺ̨׽ѿţҵѰһ
Ѿˡ̫ިڣ޿ŵĴ㡣
Ϊ׵ü࣬ҳУܺϢٲţˡҵð
˵գƿ˷š
ǰһɨӷУԿбʴһƬǽ壬ɫ֭Һڵ档
Ψ̫ިˣ̨һܣȴδ
ϢͲⷿУڴ˴䱸ؿ̫ިѣܼϡ
ڶ֮У̫ިˣ͹ȥ
챧ȭҵѰһ̽λѿбð֮¡
̨֮Իϵҩʯλѡ
ڶǱ̽ϣܶΪ֪һ㣬ȴʲô
У̨ҵܺߵģЩСʲô
ο׷ҲΪڳڶʿ֮ǰȻɱʮʿ츳ϼ֮ˡ
̫ިȫʧȥģǱ𲻼£Ρ
˵ӣǴԼ˻


63 
̫ިĻ, վڷе̨ͷ¶áУ̨£˻᲻ϡ
̬ǿӲ, ̨£ϡټӣҵȲòǷᣡ
ϢڷУ˵ͼϡ
һΣ׷˱ǲ֪ﻹܼʿϣŻᱻˡ
ĵ, ̫ިϲѵĶ
, οƽϲ, вһ
̫ިûж˵ֻǷһӣ޴Ϯʱɫ, תķסΣ廹ǲܿƵرˡ
һ, 첻𵤳ڵľ, Ȼ̫ިĶ֡ۿ彫Ҫɶ̨ʱ֣ûˤðǡ
, ̨ҵܺߵģȴһ֪ŮˣһԾɨӡ
ǰŮΪȻǶߣֻǲǶ֣ôˣ̫ûЩ
ʲô, ӵͳס֡
̨ͷֻ˴һ糾ǰ
쾪
ǫ̀Ҷ븩񣬿е
ǰ糾͵ˣ̨ҵļ̨ɽɫ磬ͦüޣֲŭơ
̨ɽǰæΪóһ·
̨ɽͣ⣬̫ި̧һ񣺡ðԭ¡
̫ިû˵һҲδą̃жֳ֮ɫ̨ɽڣ⿪ڡ
ڶ֮еۣҲһ̣ϢأΪء
վһƬǽ־ӣ΢ãȻ
ٿڶüͷߵ̫ިߣ䱸ؿ̨ˣʦ㡣
̨ɽһѣٴοڵ֮ǰмʿΣŶҪѰ˼еڶ֮У̨֮
ߵߣƺΪԼ粵һ伣գҹֻҲǲ˳׷ˡǾˣ֮󻹲֪Ҫˣ
̨УץסΪһ֪·ʲôοҲ˵˻
̨ɽƽѾڴ˴
һͻ
޹⣬ߺ֪Լ׷Ѱϲܸ֪Ĵڡ
˴β̨ɽԪӤʿʶ֮Щǿࡣ
һ֣ϼɫ֭Һ䣬ɢڿСɫһ䣬ЩգȻֻƭˣ
ΪԼôҲǽʿ֪дӦ֮ͬǰһ㣬ʿڡ
ǽδѰͷʾ
̨ɽдЩײƣȻȥ
ֻڲأ֮ǰκ˶˳ѣʧټ̨ɽҲҵڡ
첻Υ棺ǡ
׼ȥ̨ɽֵλǸ
΢΢Ǻ̧̫ިһ񣬹ðѼ£
̫ި̨ɽһֺۣš
˸ŸЩΡ
̨ɽǰݼ˺Ѽ䣬̨ɽ̨ð־λڽлѣ𻵣̨ϳе
һĿֵΣЦӦǡ
ֻҪ˳ʯʯ˭
̨ҵƺƴʱȴǵ͵
̨ɽĻÿţ֮£ֻأٻһӡ
̨뿪һйƽеƻȥ
ȴû˯ȡ̫ި̽ʶ
ʦҪʮѧЩѧ˲һ롣
ѶֲϤҲ֪ԼʮſʼУѾ̫࣬и
ڶһ磬۱ʳһҧ£ܸܵоʳеԼתķࡣ
ùʳѾֱ̫ިľӴȥԶԶͼͷңһޱ߷Ƶݵ̫ͣިǰ
̲סü˭
ûнϽ𷻣Ȼʶߡ
߰һҷûлش𣬶ǸСŮޣҵķ׭Ҳˣ쿪ţ
⻰·еҲ̫ިȻŴ󿪣ǰ䵭ؿߡ
ȫ䵭̫ި棬Լһյ
裬һĨ죬׭ϣ׭һһҹ֪ôˣ
̫ިü΢Щ⡣
ŷ׭ϷģԼ֮ǰߵ׷׷ͬ
̫ި׷ͨǧ꣬ķкܴͬ
ڷ׷У绹ûгֵķ·һ̫ިԼ
ô̵ʱڣֻѾεķ׭оܽ׷׷ȫ̳ȷ
ֿڵŷЩ˼һֱڵķ̫ˣ벻ţܽļ򻯣и
֮ǰһֱôܼ򻯣һֱûɹ
׷УȻҴûķ·ҿ֪ôˣ
˵ţױһȡ׭̫ިһ۾ͿһŻ
ѰȣŻһµķ·Σ֮ǰĻģࡣ
ļζŻѶȽͣҲ͸٣˷ѵķֽīҲ˼١
̫ܶިĻõģĻ
򻯺ĻѶȽͣȴûмС
̫ިĬģŻгֵµķ·׷ͬ
µķ·Լгģ
гʮµķ·׭Լ򻯣˵Դˡ
·һ֡Щ·ʿŷߡ
㵱Ȼʵ
źӵһ٣Щһʶң
̫ިָд̧֣ͷ
߲ڵӣ߽Ҫеģʲôʵʵظ߱ˡҼ˷ĵķϣҽʲôǿԸ㡣
̫ިһд֡
СŮޣ¶֪У˵ֵ
СŮޣ
̫ި΢΢𴽽ǣָһϡ뷢Ұ׵߻ûӦͱ˳޹ꡣ
۽Ʋһ޹
Լ⻬ʧɫôôαװ˵ƾˡ
˭Ҳ뵽Ųޱ߷ߣǰ꾹ȻһˡڳԹٳĿķӡ
Ҫǲϳһ˭Ǹ޴ܰ
̫ިǰ꣬Щӡ
ؾõһ
ˣĩҳ֡


64 
ŷ׷, ֪Լ֮ǰ򻯷Ϊʲôûɹ޸˲°ٴλģ˭뻹ǻһըһ, ֱŷ׷ķҲףȻ򻯷ģͲȫ֮ǰеķ·
Żǰδйһ·
֮ǰҰһֱ˵ùû뵽»˺Ӣͬ
ʱ𻹲֪뷨Ϊ·ʲô
֮ǰ, ޶λ߽׵ķ, ΪƷԽ, ζԽ
ûȥȥıͽ׷ģǶԣ˼򵥵ķģ־ܻ, αٷȥо
̫ި鲻Щӣ, , ǰˡ
ʶһŷߵˡʵ
ੲݵǺȻס˲ӣʶʦ֣㲻ץһȥİɣ
һʱ·̬
ʦ֣̫ިųʵڲô𣬱Ҳǰ֮²⡣
ʱ˽Ϊ, ȫµķ·˵ģǰŷߡ
Ҳ֮粻ڳ¾ɵķģ·ķ·ϣݱµķġ
ǰڵӣ̫ި䱸Լ
Ҳ, Ȼǰţûʽ¡ʵʵص
̫ިԣָ̧ͷ꣬카һĨЦ
һЦȴ˶ĪԤУٴ
Ȼ㲻ǰڵӣԸСɽɣ
Сɽɣʲôɣôû˵룬ⶫ֮Уûɣ
οҳߣҲûɡ
ؾ̫ި̧ڰлһġ
ʱԼҪ˵ʲôŽڵķģĿֱⷢ
޷ֽΪ壬зĺܿɢ˲æȡһŷֽӡ
̫ި漴ڰջģԼδķģСɽǰɣ룡
Ը֮ʣ̨Уҹ˵лһԲŸ
ùŮĳʳš
лһų߹棬һ̨ĻЦҪȥԺӲֹ죿
лһԴ󷽵ص˵ͷڣʲôʲô
Ϊлѵ츳ӵܣлһԶȤϲźЩ˿ɵĽ˻ơ
Ϊһ㣬лһԵĸ׶νǺɸ֣ѵлӣȥ˲ɣ
ܱѵ˶ٴΣлһԻûиĵԼϲãл޷ɴ̨
лһԺл˼һĸͬĽܣСĻлԼֻ̲ܽýл˼
л˼סԺȦлһԶвֹ̱ġ
űʣһɽǸԶʻ
ͷƫƣһŮԺ󻹴żߴ͸лżľϻ
ԺɨļŮæŮǼ̨ɽߵŮ˲ͬ
л˼ŮҴҳӭ˷С
Ул˼ڴϣ£ֻ͸Ρ
Ů°ݣ֪Щʱգкתҹңǰ̽˷ϢԽղǲǰʺ򡣡
¡л˼ƽý䵭Ҳ
Ůͷ鲻죺ǡ
ǻ˵ˣ߰ɡ䣬л˼
Ůæ˷ţؼصطԸ˴С
֪ˡл˼Ļƽò˿
һ£ŷ׵˸Уδϯʵʧ빫ǰȥһ𡣡
ȥѰҵܵܡл˼˵һ룬Ƕһٲŵ
ȫȻûĴ㣬Ůֻһȥ
ʱҪһΣԼ涼ûܼϡ޲֮У޴󰭡
ԺйһȦ˲һɽҵлһԣŮū澼лҹӡ
չ˸Уҹ˻鷿ǲˣ̽ˣҲ빫ǰȥһ
ѾˣлһЩȣҪ̨ɽʱаЩԸ
̨ɽľл֮ʱлһԻûгֱ̨ɽӭȢл˼֮ʱżһ档
лһԿ̨ɽϿᣬԼΣʲô飬ӴлһС˻֮ȥӰ
̨ôܲȥΪ̨ҼͬʱҲԼ̨ɽлһԻǶġ
вôԸǹԹԸŮĽŲ
Ҳǵ죬̨ԺУŪݵŮ˵
ҹǱˣ˲ˣҲ׷˳ȥȻûץŮһ֦˵ţ̾һ
͸СЩŮʲôˣٸҳ֣Ȼ޻أ
ûԪӤܣĶ֣
ϧƫƫȢһǳ໹ΪôڵķˡŮпλˣڶûļҵĸʻ
ʵΪл˼Ϊʵ̨̫ͣ˵Ҳ
лѶԱôȢŮӣҿлϲģҲˣһȥ̽λ˰ᵽƫԺôãҲʹ
˵ԼҪȥƫԺ
֪֮ˣλͣӦáŮһ̨ҵԶףСһ𳤴ĸĸҲΪ˱ĸӶ
Ż֦Ů򴽣ڵʱҵҲܺãȻܵܣҲΪˡ
Ů˵Ц˵ľ仰ԣ˵ˣлʸ̨ңŻὫŮ޹ɢͼʧ֮£һɢԶߡ
ǰЩʱձ̨ɽص̨ͬģһӣǸɢ޵Ķӡ
˾ƫԺ¶ò˶ãǵĸ
Ůл֦˲жԲĵطδЩ֡
ǷǸʲôôŽΪ˵ֲϲƤؼ˹ɢ˼
лһԹվԺǽ󣬽Ůǰ˵Ļһڳī첽Ժ鷿ȥ
Ůʱıŭ鷿ȥıӰ
лӣֻһͷˮԼǺŮ˵˼仰лôˣ
Ů׷ȥ鷿ͼлһԳǰæֽס
ǷܣŮæ
Ǳֻּסлһԡ
ҽȥ
̨ϵļͽ⣺޼׼鷿
лһԱǼס壬ŷһţؽ˿


65 
лһֳĶ, 鷿ڵ̨ɽԪӤʿȻ
лһ߿ţվ, ۶ſ
̨ɽ̨æջ֡
ػɵлһȴûим̨ɽ˼˵ͳȥ׼̧־һȭ
һȭȻܸԪӤΪ̨ɽʲô˺, лһԼʹ, ʱ˼ֺЦ
̨ɽü, һԣڸʲô
ǰлѾѶ̨ɽлһԽҪǰ
Լʹ, лһŭδԲҰ㣬Ȼ
̨ɽ̲סü, ԽкδԲˣ
νôһ£лһʵ, ֮ǰ̨ɽȻ˵Ϊ˻ǲû뵽Ȼ˶԰㣡
˵Լ̨ҹúܺ, ڿǲǵģ˵˻ѡ
鸸ĸΪҺͰܵΪ׷ɱ̨Ӧӻ̨ɽ䲻ʲô仯ƽؽ͵
̨ɽл˼֮, ̨ĺѡͬһɢ޽Ϊ£Ӵ뿪
ʮ겻̨ɽǰһνӵ鴫ţԼĸӡ
ĵؾر˶ԼҲˣƫƫ˻һĺӣ㾳£ֻѡ̨ɽ
лһԲⷬ˵ǣ㸮Ů֪о飬㻹ڽƱ磡Ȼ֮ˣΪʲôҪȢҽ㣿
ȻȢҽ㣬Ҫһһ⣡
˵ȻθߣЩ
̨ɽĬ˲ϢڵǲţҲ֮
лһû˵ЩȦݺݵص̨ɽһۣתȥ
ִ򲻹̨ɽʲô
лһ뿪̨ɽһϢŮ澾ټ
Ҫ˭ڱɢԡ
ŮӦǣͷҿɫ
лһԲ̨֪ɽʲôǻл˼ίصӵƫԺ
㡪սԺУлһԱ
Уֵл˼һ٣Ͻʣµİ̵Ķ
Ҳϵ˵һ䣬
˵仰л˼ۡʱ΢ӳڹᡣһ򵥵Ķ˾ͬһ壬Ѿһˡ
лһһ·ûκŮͽ˷Сл˼Ů¶ҪΧˡ
ԡл˼תͷ
лһԲ֪ΪΣ𼸷Ѿл˼ãǰİ㣬ղͬ
İ㡣
л˼ߣʱһ㽫ͷ˫ϣ㡭
л˼ͷôˣ˭۸㣿
û۸ҡлһ۸㣬㡣
л˼һ٣Ϊʲôô˵
ʵѾ֪𰸡
̨ɽ㲻ã㣬룬ǻؼҰɣ
л˼û˵Ĭܾòŵײͬġ
лһ֪˵òлУ̨ҵĹϵԼл˼ŮҪöࡣ̨ңлҲнգôΪһصŲ̊ɽ
ôϲ̨ҵȨƣβԼ޽
ɵл˼ЦֻǣѾ벻ˡ
лһ˵ֻΪ᲻̨ɽ㣬㻹Ǻϲ̨ɽô
ûǣΪл˼ǰǺܸ˵ġ
Ǽ޸ϲˣôĸأ
ô㵽ڣǺϲô
л˼ûлش̧ͷŴ⣬ĿԶ
аҲû˵
ɫУĿУһתķ
ҹֻϮѵһֻԪӤΪ»
»ʿΪܽʿ츳ΪС˵е££ʵô
Ʃǣ»֮󣬱ǡ
ԼΪҲ»ҹױ̫ި˵ԭ
̫ި𣬼»Ѫڣ֮ʱҲûΪצҪϳҲ¡
»̰̣ǣΪȴѣ»УԼǵߵķ⡣
µòҹ»Ѷ֡
뿪ĴƮ˿˿ƵĴɫ֦Ҷï˿ڵ棬ۡ
Ƭ̺˿һ㣬ǰȥ
ĿеѺȫ˿ӱ壬ͣڣ˲Ϣ֮Ϳ
һֻ˳԰׵ץסһֵĻ٣̫ި΢һٱ㱻ȱϸ˿
»һ֣˿ڣҵ壬㲻¡
شǰԭģֻ»
Ҳ̫ި˿΢΢ü
̫ިҪ뿪æҲȥ
»Ϊϡ٣ô꣬û»
̫ިȴûӦ䵭Լ
˵ţһѡ
һȥͼ顣
̫ިȻ飬Ŷһź
˿ڿУ»ϢӦ̫ިӴ£ҹɫУһӰӡ
̨ľïʢ컹ǺԸƻδȥԲ±ڱһǣ¹ʣΪ¥һ㱡ɴ
̫ިԺǽϣһ̣˿Ϊ촷¡
»Ѿˡ
ôҲԪӤʿδԲԼ˾硪Ϊʵʿá
Ȼ˿Ѿ٣˴˴Ҳ̫ިȷ»ı̨С
̨Ĵǰһӡ
ŷһ죬ϴ˯͵ؾѹһƨ.˵ϡ
⣬µˣ
ŵľ죬ֵ̨ҹҲһ漴Ⱥ
һΪ۲ŸҽŴ򿪡
߳⣬Դɨ£ȴˡ
ǡ
Ϊ׵ûзɣʸ¸մ̨кιɣ
̫ިջ֣һʣ˲ϢΣ漴ʧڵ档
ݾ֮󣬱׽
Ӱ֮У߳
Ҫ̨׽һֻ
ڶԴ̨ǰ̫ި쿪ڣҹذȹǣһ¹


66 

Ů°ȹ, Ӳľ֮ƸƸöò毺ã˫ˮͫת֮, Գʮֵĳ
ǰ̨Ժæ񣬾ֹ֮ţٲȻѾ˿
ǰΪĸл˼ȥƫԺ̨вʱڴ˳, Ҳѧٹµı, ЩȻ졣
Ц, ̬󷽡
ıӰ̲ס̾ﲻúÿҲǼõġ
˵ѾڵΪǲö, ܽᵤˡ
Ʒǫ̀ĸҲ㹻ġ
鵱ȻüЩ, ʿʶԶȳǿ, ڵΪܽÿֶ
Ц΢
Ů˵ˣ˵ټ, ׿˵ˣ˲Ǹĸ
˵ţŮѹĴţǸмλʹģǶв
ô֤ǰʵû˽ģ
Ҿ˵ˡͽЩԷ˿ڳѷ, ʲô
鲻ȥӿ˽ŲԺȥȻ鲻䣬е̲סճȭ
ټ澣Ϊ¡
鲻̫⣬̨ɽûо飬û˱иˡֻһլС£ȻΪл˼ٸˡ
̨ȻƵ϶Ŀ̨ͨɽסԺȱ𴦹ظɭЩһʱ֪лһԺ鷿ֵ¡
Ůңѹ֣ľֹҲС̨࣬ͣɽԣ
̨ɽЩ䣺ݺ򡣡
ɫ֮ƽոŮ̧ͷӣӦһ˳ȥ
̨ɽǰʮˣвٶͷҰ͵ˣͷ
λ̨꣬ڸ档Ŀɨǰˣ̨ɽڣϿȴ̲סɪһ¡
ڵ£λΣ׽Ӱ޸ݵ£ԭǿг֡
й̨ɽϵԣԴͷڹڴ˴С
̨вˣλڸж֮꣬ǰ֣Ҳ׷Խ𣬱λ뿪̨ҡ̨ɽڣУ˷ҲϢнҥԡ
Ϊ֮⻹Ҫ̨ڶҵϾлһһ̨֣ɽҲ֪йϵѾ˵ز
֮°ƫԺ̨ɽ֪ʶһ㡣
üࡣ
·ŵæϴ̨ɽȻΪ˶ҡԼľ
վ⣬ԶԶйˣġ
ֲָʹʲô
˼ᣬԼЩĲףЩڼĸѵˣȲҪΪƽ
ʲô
Ǹˡ
鴹̨ɽУȲǸΪ΢лŮӦ֪Լ̨еλΣȴΪһЩԳΪԼ˵ˡ
֮ʣԶȻһ죬ʶȥǸŷ򡭡
̲סų֮̈һ˭˷
е̨ɽȻҲһ죬ԪӤʿʶ̽˲Ϣһб㾡֪֮С
Ҫ̨׽һֻ
̨⣬̫ިĻһۣЩЦ
һ˿ڵ֪ʲôط̨пɾҲ̫ƽĵطˣ
߿ߣ̨ɲͽĵط
̨Ҫϣҹǰȥϳ̫ިȵȡ
˵ʲǫ̂ɽѾ𣺡λѽ
һԺ̨ɽǰҲ빪һ񣺡ǣ
Ϊ̨ɽǲ֪̫ިݣʱҲÿ
ӸɫζһĿ⣬̫ި̧̨̤С
һ̨̣ɽҲǰ
֪ѿеںδ̫ި
Ǹû˷ķʽ̨ĴţҪۡ
̫ި̧ȥҹɫе¥ֻǳһӰܸ֪˿
ע֮УĿȻŤΣֵع
Сɽʵص꣬Ҳ㹻̫ިĥԼ۵һЩô
ʶ쿪ԪӤΪ̨ɽȻ֪һ㣬ȴûгֹ
һܳס
˿˿ƵϸԺ֮ϣת˲ɢȥ
̫ި𣬿ֻ˿ĨذȹǵĲӰ
̨ɽ漴ȥһԭãȻؿıӰ
ƫԺУлһŽСĴĥ̫ިԺǽϣĿӹҹɫеԷ
лһԺȻñЩճĨһѣһ̧ۣͿ¹µŮҽһЩŵñȥ
лһ˫۷ֱ
̫ިµ棬۾ȷԼûۻ˿ԭ㰡ǰ
ǰΪʲôûʳڣ̫ި̨ɽҲˡ
лһɫ䣬Ŀд⣺ʲôҰ㲻㣡
̨ɽǽûͬ˵ֻ̫ިںδ
ʵ˲²⣬̨ɽѵϣԼĲ²Ǵġ
˵ƻԷ̫ިǴס˭
Ұ㰡лһ˳Ŀ⿴һۣʶص
̨ɽۣ˿뷨
лһԿ飬ղŷļԻʶʲô
Ұôں˵ʲôлһԸİôܻ
̨ɽûлشлһֹѾǵѾл˼С
һԺӿлһԹ˲첽ȥβסĻ̻󲻰
¹ӳ£л˼´齣ʹ࣬з˻
㡭лһԻһ䣬ǰл˼ȴƿ
˫Ǻ۾ΪͫлһԶ˫ۣԺкȻһƬհס
İ
ǣûΪ
̨ɽղõģεķ
ԺŲ̨Ҳ˹һͬģ顣
˴Ϊ̨ĸл˼ӣ룬ȴû˼ɣ첽̤С
¹ϣԳֹȡ
ɽ磬ʲô£첽ߵ̨ɽߣֻһƬС
л˼ͷһԺ˫ҲΪצ䱸ؿǰˣͫǾ衣
ɫһݣתһ׺Ӷȥ
л˼ĿڴһѪһֻ׺ˤڵϷȦǱһ˵òᣬӵؿųֵ顣
л˼ָΣ徹ȻǺûġ˫Ŀգɫ԰ֽ˿Ѫɫ
׺л˼ȥǱС
Ȼڣ֮ǰڳģֻ
˵ţٴת
̫ި΢΢̧֣ǵϮ׺ҪΡ


67 
ʲôû뵽Լᱻ, ̫ިŭֻΪ, ֪˶ˣʵڸ
ңѵ᲻ɣ
лһϾ˼ʲôǰл˼, 㣡
Ϣ΢л˼дл̿֡
̨ɽĿŮӲ԰׵ϣлһԱĽţδԵù侲
ȡһöϻ, ̨ɽת, ϻնȥͣлһֱߡ
ϻ򿪣һҩɢɫҩתƣʱɢӨâ
лһؿ̨ɽĿеĵӣڵöҩ, Ӧ㰢ƺת
תҩ
лһԺ̨ɽΪл˼, ֽ̧סϻ
ҩСķл˼, ҩ, ҩת
̫ިϵ飬һĨ޵Ļȣξֻ֪׺Ϊ
ʶֱͦ˼΢֮ǰ, λ᲻ʶò
£̨ɽҲ˹дżֲ״⣺ֻ׺Ϊ̫ˡ
л˼ֻ׺ΪԼֻ֮䣬֮ǰΪ֮Унʿ
ܿ͸ģдʵĿ£ӱƵתͷˡ
̫ިЦһ֪ĵǲ١
仰˵⻰ʲô˼Ѳǻǲɱʿйأ
ָл˼ʧȴƽյĶׯЩŸף
лһ̧ͷŭҰ㲻Ầˣ
Цһ˵Щʲôϧ̫ިѾϻһӣ°ɫ׹䣬¶һ
ϣǾĳ˿
ҵסԼ״ȻѾ
ӣ̨ɽȻ֣ԭء
ǺʱΪֻʹ̨ɽֻһƬȻİɫԽ̨ȴ졣
Ļ£ʧ֮
˿ԿΪģӦǲľ֮
Ϊ̨ܹɽµ
΢ӯڽޣϧɽ磬Բ𡭡
ҹ㣬ǻϿӡҡ
Ļû˵꣬˿Ȼ˹ɫ֮һӿս
漴ҽгʹ࣬˲ϢѾӵ֮䡣
ɽ磬ңɽ磡̨ɽĿǾ밧󡣡֪ˣҲ
̨ɽûжҰΪ˱ŻģѵҪؿǰô
̨ɽĬȻһ˲ڳ֣ǿѹסڻֹסƣȴδʹɢ
Ȼϳʲô
»̨ɽ
ͷǣɽ磬ҳµĽơ
̨ɽûжҹɫУͻأһ⡣
ƽ̫ި̨Ⲽµ󷨡
̨ϲ࣬˫Ŀͯǰͱ˻ȥˤڵϣȴκα飬оʹһ㡣
ԹΣͯʧȥģ¶ڷŭı顣
̫ިͯоʲôعòײȥ
̨ɽҲˣŲͯɫ΢
Ȼʶ˭գԽӽӻ̨ġ
»ıĺڣѪ⾫ΪʳϢΪһ壬¶ܲڡ
»ײ£ԭûƻһ˲ȴûбƿ
̨ɽҲѵĻᣬ鹭Уۣһ֧
ңЯɵ֮ͯࡣ
һ̣ദһ޴Ө׻䡣
֧ڻ֮ϣһƬҡϵɢȥɫŻûΣŮ񻣬ֻһ죬ȥЩɲ
»ݡ
»Хһϯ̨ɽ̫ި
̫ި𣬴ǵص֮䣬Ī
̨ɽһ˲ɫϣ˲Ϣܵʧ
ΪУն˺뷢»ˣòֵ
ڴ˼϶֮У˿и٣̫ިνǰȴ꿪ͯϵӨ׻䡣
»ֳ֮ɫԼΪ»ԭͲսҲв̨ɽľ磬̫ިһζӵԭ
»ɢСʢУ»ı壬Щƻ֮С
һƬɫ̫ިƽ˿նǰɫ٣Уһ䵭СֳѪ⡣
û˿ԥīɫ˿ҽ֯¡
̨ɽ鹭Ϊ󣬱ƵûӦӲϾ
˿ƴ͸ɫĻ䣬ԭŰ˻ȥ
Ƕ޴Ө׻ȥʧ֮䡣
̨ɽˣѾʧȥϢͯԣ½󣬲֪ʲô
һػ̫ި֣ƮԶ˿У촷ۡ
˿ѣ»Ŀܡ
ƫԺ֮У鿴Լʧĳ컨٣ҧס˴ֻ»ˡ
̨ɽֳ̧һϲɽ磬û°ɣŷʲôֻ»ˣ
̨ɽû˵ˣ۽޲֮ǰ㣬»вȣҼˣҲܣ
ţĿӯӯǿ
̨ɽȴΪֻ֮һƬǰŮӣڣˣ
Ȼǣ鼱
»˭ڣ̨ɽʵ
֪ˡ
رۣǲӡ
ʱһֱĬ̫ިӳһһ̣ϾȻƳһ˿
̫ިֻȥ˿µò
̨ɽҲû뵽»թˣһԼ˿
飬ƶ»µġ
ǣ
ҵĶӣôô
̨ɽֶҲ֪ΪʲôҪô
ͯʧȥϢڷУΪĸףȴʶƿĿ⡣
ͯĿϣɫķѾ
ͷѪ·ģˣΪֵ»ôڡ
ۼ֤֮ǰ̨ɽҲţɥĲ֮¡
һԼֳ߽Ȼ
̨ɽҰΪĸףΪ̨ҶģǶҶ֣Ŀɰ
ץס˾һ
ĸĸ̨ͣ»ΪӦΪ֮ۡһΣ̨ɽΪĻҡ
̧֣޿ɶ㣬˲Ϣ֮鿪

һȴ޷ֹԼɢ


68 
⿪, ڵأﱻٵʹڵһ, 亹
ôôҡ̧ۿ̨ɽ, ˻̨ɽ, ɶԵҵĸĸҿΨһѪ
Ϊ˱ĸףԼôḸĸɥ, ¿
Լӵ»ʮʿڷӦΪ˸̨ۣɽȪ֮, 㸸ĸԹ, һ˳е
Ļ, Ц, ԭΪʹԹޱŤ, ȥʮֿɲ, ȻǸı֮, , Ҳǣ
̨ɽüʶ, ȴ޾顣
̨, ֮䲢κ˽顣һ, żһ, ̸ıҡ
ԣŮӲٴɫҲԸ˵һ䣬Լʱ, ȴѵûܾ
۳ʲôԭ̨ɽǲͬģ̨̨ɽݣҰġ
һֱΪҪȢޣ̨ĸģΨԼ
֮лǲţ̨֪ɽл˼ȻлԼ
ǸòΪ˵ȫȲŮӣ̨ϵĸ
ֱʱ֪Լǰ顣
ǡõʱΪ̨ſ͵ɢʾã鸺Ӧ£һ뿪̨
䣬ɢ޵ȷãһӡϧױ䣬õ˳ҵŮӴ࣬ܿ㽫Ժ뽫ڲˡ
ڲº󣬽»Ļ֣Լڡ
ö»Ļ֣ؾá»ԭԪӤ磬˻Ϊһö֡
Ϊʳ»ָ˲齫Լˣƭ»Ѫʳ
ű»Ķӣ̨ɽص̨
һΣҪȡл˼֮
ЦţԼһһ˵µѾ;ĩ·ʲôɹ˼ɵġ
̨ϵĸҲ鿴л˼ɫڼּżֵ⣬Ѿ»ȡһѪ񲻹ǹӲдã;ƿݣ
㺦Ұ㣡
лһվеֽճȭһ뽫һʬεĳ嶯
ҲûлôĿ̨ɽϣЦ̨ɽס㺦㽫Ҵ̨Ҳ
д˼񣬼ȻùҲҪù
̨ɽһ㰵ɫԼûнأ㲻һ·
˵òԡŮϸڷ
˵Ŀⶼ˹ȥл˼֪ʱ˹
㡭лһԶ֧һ䡣
̨ɽҲ˹ȥĿл˼ϣڣֻǽ򡣰׺ԣ
л˼ſڵΪʧ飬ʼգµˣ㡣
㸸ĸ̨ж㣬ӦĴ治죬ֺ֮
л˼鿴ЦҪˣαװ⸱Ƶģ
̨ĸλãô䵽ز
һָ̣ˣ˿Լд
л˼ҡҡͷû˵ʲô
лһԸܵе巢Щ§ԼĽ㡣
ԡл˼̧֣ͷ¡
лһõ㣬û°ɡ
л˼ЦЦֿİ׺Щʱգлˡ
׺ҡҡͷϸ
̨ɽԶԶãǸ
л˼º̧̨ɽɫ԰ףֲʲôرǸ
Ŀԣ̨ɽԼķˣɻʮ࣬ؿ
޵ԪӤ磬֤֮⣬̨ɽҲԶѰʿ㡣
̨ϼΣʣʱУڱչУǳ
ԭȢл˼ķ˲Ǽ£лҼּŮΪصĸ׵ŵԣгϴԣ̨ɽǸл˼̨ĸλá
֮⣬Ҳл˼ʲô
л˼˼Ľ̨ɽԼ޸ǻϲġ
̨̨֪֮ɽһ鰮л˼ҲΪ˹ջԼĸ飬һϸ̨ĸ
ֻĳ̨֣еԣл˼Ϊ̨ɽ飬ֻΪ͵лҵԼòȢԼ
л˼֪ԼԴһȥƫԺ
л˼뿪ֻ̨һʱ޴ȥ
ĸһʸ̨ϣ̨ɽ룬лҡ
֮޴֮С
ӹ̨񣬶̶̼¼䣬һ˿ʼΪĸл˼
һգ˿Ʈ䷿Уûڡ
л˼İ׺Ϊʿ£ҪƤëóʯŻɡԭ·ϣ׺һ·棬ص̨С
ʱл˼һΪ»ɣҪľΨа׺
粻㣬ľһҲȲл˼֮ʣ׺ȡʿѪķӸл˼ڣԴ˷סл˼ʣһ
л˼ʶ֮УֱлһǰƬ̡
׺ޣҽ˷Լл˼Թ⴦СԺУ벽Ҳ̤
л˼ûú⣬л˼İ׺ʱûٶ֡
ֻ׺»Ǹô
ҹл˼ֳΣ֪»ټ¶ֽ׺Ƴл˼ڡ
Ǹ̨ɽ֪Լֻ˵ʲô
ڣǿתҩл˼ڻɢ
л˼ԼΣȴδֳԹ
̨ɽȢΪĸĳŵлһʸԼ޸ҲԼ̨ĸӦе١
ֻǡѡ
ԣԺҪúչԼл˼Լĵܵܣᣬȴȥ
Ȼúۣصָ̧ҲûС
㡭
ܵл˼ϢԽԽ΢лһԳ׻ˣ̨ɽȾҰ㣬Ⱦ
̨ɽû˵а취㲻վʲôҲ
лһԿ̫ިץס˾ݣعǰǰȾҰ㣬ֻҪܾʲôԸ
ҪҵҲԸ⣡˵ţߵףһһ飬ͷϺܿúһƬѪȾ˵档ȾҰ㣡
ѾˣΨһˣԸԼ
̫ިĮȻؿľٶû˵
лһ֮ʣİ׺ǰ̫ިǰ£ǰצҾһݡ
ɳȾȷˣԸҵŮͯ۵̫ިУΪֻİ׺ԣģҲԼǿ
̫ިû뵽ԼתΪҲֻδǵİ׺˵ʲô
ʧޱữΪУΪѰޣپ֮ǰδػ;Ļᡣ
лһ̧ͷȵؿ׺
׺̫ިǰ
Ը⡣
ûзˣûˡ
˼ʱ֮ˣҪ̫ࡣ
ҿԾ̫ިŰ׺ֻҪ㲻ڡ


69 
ƵԽʻ, ·Լˣڶ, ͶŮӵĿ
Լ׶ӵ», ˲޹֮ˣ
׶ҲŹô񶾵ĸף
˵̨ҵķ˶Щ֡
Ϊ, аջֻ̻̲Լһڷˡ
ץסĻ֣»Ҳѳкá
ûԼ䵽˾أһǰ֮һ̨ͣ˭ˣҪһ
, һΪʧ, νʾ, ܾ
̨ɽûɱ飬ֻǷΪ, ҪѸ濤Уһڰյ棬䴦
, ɣһû뵽Ϊ, һòĹ𣬵˲òడ
лߣźβ׺, ܣϧнΪѡ
̫ި߳ͣԣϽ֮¿ɴúˣ
һɣõɵİ׺һԾ̤Զ̫ިӽ
ȻӦҪСɽɣȻҪ̫ިһ뿪Ͻ𷻡
Ұô⡣üԳһ⣬ķʦϽǩĿɲʲôʱ߾ʲôʱߡ
Ϊֻڽ𵤣ڷϵܼо򻯷֮£УЩҵ
ʦ㣬Ӻδصֻ꣬ôȱһ룿ߣôú꣬ȻʲôҲû
̤֮ڽγʧһΪᾡɢȥҪ
ǰֻ׺𷽲˳ʶɨȻȱһ롣
ȱһΪɢôҲֻһֻ
Լһһˡ̫ިƽصϲʲô顣
л˼ѪΪ»ɣУԼҲҲһҽơ̫ިʿ׺ڵһл˼ڣתΪ˰žһ
̫ިݫiһɱˮϣΪһöŵתΪӵһ
ֻǰ׺ȱһڵԴԺע;ѡ
̨ɽл̫ިûաԸл˼Ϊλ̨ҼΪֻԸ׳İ׺
뿪̨ʱֻ׺
ڰ׺̫Ƿл˼Ķ黹ˣȴûл̫ިл˼Ķ顣
Ҫ̫ިҲ
ʲôˣôȵģ治ѵǽŽڣһˣ
̫ި䵭ƳһۣĻ̫ˡ
£ԻȺ̫ިһ񣺡ʦ㡣
̫ިˣֽ׺С׺ûȿߣͺ˵𣬰׺ȻϲһЩ
߰ɡ̫ިڡ
ȥ
̲סʣ̫ިȴûлش𣬿ѾŰ׺ϣҲæȥ
ѾԶȺе֮ȴûɢȥ
лһԿһĻֻͷһɢˡȻĄ̊́ɽò˵ɵúƯ
Щͱ麦³ȡ
л˼Զȥ߰ɡ
㣬ڻؼ𣿡
лһԿеļңȻָлҡ
л˼Ѿ̨ɽûйϵˡ
֮ĵһ£̨ɽ롣
ǰɣΪлңΪԼ׵ֻլ֮У裬Ƿؼ䡣
֮һл˼ܷˡ
лҲą̃ɽҲãԷˡ
л˼ĺ룬̨ɽڳĬһ˲Ӧˡжл˼˼򵥵Ȼ᲻Ӧ
Եǳѵþ¡
ڴԼǲԸҵġл˼ЦЦԼĸ׻㹻˽ġ
̨֪ɽ룬ֻ̾ͻԽͻ̨ң̨ɽ
лһ֪˵ûɫЩãȻȥã
󣬴ǰҶȥĴһߡл˼ʣչϣֳܾöֹЦ⡣
¥֮ϣ̨ɽֶŮһ񣺡˺лҹӣѾ뿪ˡ
̨ɽŸ߿շɹۣһ
ȥɽˮԶԸƽ
лҽ뿪ʱ̫ިҲѣ𣬻а׺̤ǰۡ
Ҳհˡ
Ŵȥ۴й֮䣬·ǳغ𽥱ССϡ
ϵİ׺Ծſ죬ֻûºꡣȻûбֵԣлǿƲסй¶һ㾪֮̾ɫ
ɫήҵ˺üŷҲһһţϧûܸıԼδ״
һڸߴĹߣۺͷɽ
жܵ򣿡δεò֪ϦϦƵؿ̫ިܾԼ
աĿе̫ިûۣ³֡
̾һ
˵аﳤп͹ǧ̫ިһвۡž౱ԽԽϵҲ١
Ƨңħ޺Уǰ˴ʿࡣ
ҹγеĳƶڣ̻ڱݵУشĵһ
뱱򣬱ֻǰ
ǽ߳ƶɣ˫ȻҪٲͣľԼҪˡ
ˣ̫ިһɫڵҹڳЪһա
ۺؿʦ㣬á
Ҳôħ
Ȼͱ̫ި࣬ʦеԽԽ˳ˡ
̫ިڳЪֻΪǻƻ裬ҹ֮󣬱֮޺УΣķѾ򣬵ؼһҹ
ڵڽֿڣǰǰһֻֻǻǵצòɲ
ȫΪΣס
ԥƬ̣ȡʯ
ΪĻӽͶ̸̤֮·
֮ʱЦݣצƿն
ȫδ뵽ʣвգλĶ֡
̫ި֣һ˻ӳûüѵ㱻˳ȥ
ˤڵϣ֪ԼУӴܶȥ
վԭأЩ߲ѣʦ㣬Բҡ
Ǳ򡣡̫ިǿʳӵ㹻ʵǰֻ㶪
ǡӦ
ͬһʱ䣬ǰյشڻҰ֮С
ʦ⿪Ŀڣķӡû߹ӡλǰѾʧǰ
ۼֿ죬λǰһ׷ٷûˡ
龳ĴܣƫƫǻңǷβܣֻ»鷳
ʦһزף
ڳǽϦ£ľʯĳ֣ҹγǡ
֪ŽԶϢϦһ֮ǰ̤ҹγǡ


70 
ڶһ, ̫ި߳ЪһҹĿᡣ
ϤǶ֮ı򣬵籱֮أ̲, Ǽ֮, ֲвͬ
ҪڽıߣŷʵεĵͼΪҪ
̫ިҪҵ, Ǽ˱ֲεĽͼ
̤ţü۵, еͷһɣкöҪҪ
̫ި, ΢΢üʲôö
ͼҪڱ, ٲһŵͼԵŵͼֻʯ
㵱бͼ̫ި𴽽, ϴż׽͸Ц⡣
ͷ, ӻͳ˹žɵƤֽûʵıͼֻҪʯۣͯ
., Ŭһϵ飬ϧü۵ʵں˲ŷ֮⡣
̫ިһ, ȻɽȡװʯĽ, ʱֱۡ
˹ȥæֽס򿪿˿ĿϲЦտؽƤֽ̫ި
˾Ǻƭ, һһ⡣
ҿ˰Ц۲
̫ިչͼɨһۣ漴ЦЦؿͼֻ˱򼸴ǳصλá
ˣĵãŵĨͣ뿪
̫ިֻ΢΢ָ̧ýºǧأҲһ
⡭⿴ʲô׵ķ򰡡
һ»ķ˲ʮɿ⡣
̫ިûжָ̧֣΢գϵȻ
ջ֣㲻ܿƵص˻
ɥ̫ިؿǿˡ
ΧмֻһĻЦӣߵ˰
⼸ֻʶģȴȫûǰĴ㡣
ݺݵص˼Цһۣ漴̫ިü۵ϼĵЦѣ㿴ȷǱͼҲûƭ㲻ǡ
̫ިϻƤֽŻУȥбͼˡ
ҹγϢͨģĪС
ֻ˵Ŀ⣬иЦ⻰ô
Ӳ̫ި΢һ֣»εķ̶һѺۡ
꿴һĻɺһͣԼķ۶ʹ
˴Ǯ
Ͼڱ⣬ôٶҪ졣
ķ
𣿡̫ިЦЦʡ
æԼķǿЦˣˣǡ
ʯ̵ĺܲڴǰŤŤд˶ķ֣ˣ̫ި̲סü
ͷѣͿϴסҪͼӦųɡ
ͲȥˣҪǽȥ׬ʯͲһסˡ
˵꣬ǽͿ
̫ި̧ķֻкط˼ŶòС˵ڵϣһ޿
ףƤëѩףһ˸ߵķһ̤ڳϣźܲԣûãٺʹүһѣ
һֻСͿϴǵʯɶˣοĶôߣ˭ܱȵù
Ҫ˵ʲôſڿ˹
СŮ̫ިȥֻȵӣ˵ȴһǡʲô
ǶķȻǶЩʲôġ
ʲô̫ިߵǰͿϴ棬Ҫһűͼ
ͼͿϴźܲͷͼУĵͼֵƣȴ˭õġ
ҪͼǰɣҶһѡͿϴӮˣͼ͹㡣
ûľˣЩСһź˵ˡ
Ϳϴ˵ţƹһѡ
ԽƣԷס
צҡҡԼǰѣͿϴٴοڣСŮȴǱС
㡣̫ި
Ǿͱȴ󡣡
Ϳϴ˵ţһֻצѣڵҡ
̫ިֻǰסѣػ˻Ρ
ʱķһСΧڶԣˣҡҡͷСŮһͲӣͿϴȣ䶨ˡ
Ƭ̺ͿϴȽҿѣöӶϣϴżֵ⿴̫ިΣ
̫ި鲻ʲôִѣУ֮⣬һöӾȻѳ룬ñͿϴһ㡣
⡪
Ϳϴ󲻿ŵؿֱӣðֵצ۾ȷԼûп
ӿƣ㾹Ȼѳ룿Ϳϴ˼̫ި´壬ʲôϹޣ
ѽ飬ǰСŮﾹǽƳɵѳ룬ȴûκˣҪһ㣬ĲٿҲҪϸ΢С
ǿᣬҲˣοԼԪӤʿΪ͡
СŮﵱ治Ϲޣ
ͼ̫ިûлش˼
Ըķ䣬ͿϴǸжƷˣȻ᲻ˡ
պõͼ̫ި߳ķתֿڣĽŲһ١
ɫ΢ԭͣ˲ϢתԼ෴ķȥ
ɭԽԽ٣ԳЩƽ̫ިŲδͣذȹǣżɱ
һԱϮ̫ިʱ㿪һҲЩ΢
ʿ
תͷңһ²֪˶ãͬƲҲû̫ˡ
˫Ŀ񣬼һУٴ̫ިץ
˭з˻˫۾̫ި˲ЩëȻ
˭̫ިն㿪֣˭֪˭ΪҪĪض֣
˭ȫδĻظԼ⡣
ԽԽ죬۷Ͷڵʵ̫󣬼̫ިƹܣǱƵǡ
˭ٴʵԽԽߡ
ȭͷЯ֮£һΣ̫ިûܶ㿪Ҽ紫һʹѪڣȴޱ仯˿ƴӹĽǶ˿ҽ֯ţҪ
̧ץס˿ңĳһϸС̺ۣһѪ£һǿϢӿ
ΪʿֻһѪҲ̺о˵
̫ިս˿ң̤ǽͷ
ҡ³˱Ļ
˫ָ£ǰն£ʱһն
̫ިлճΣײ
ײһˣһ˿Ѫ
̫ި⣬һƺˡ
Ҫ£ο̫ިһʱѾһࡣ
ķתϤӿ𽥳Σһ̣̫ި۾䡣
гһˮǵˮӨ͸ܿˮһľ̺С
̫ިɫȻò԰
ķǻڤ֮ʣ̫ިˮϣͨģˮ
˲Ϣ֮䣬ˮλΪһˮž⡣
ˮ뽣ҫĿ׹ľ̫ިײನƷɡ
ˮɢȥˮк£һϸꡣ
һȥ
̫ިʧԭأ˼öҩٶ˿
ٴθץ
β̫ި䣬һЯܿץ֡
һչڷ⣬̫ިʧһ˲ע⵽ǰεƬѾȫá
ȴͺβˡ
ô̫ިڣ鲻졣
ҷʦ֮һλƿӡȥλǰǻ磬ұˡ
̫ިʶʲôλǰǶ龳Ľޡ
û˵ĳĬ֤ʵ̫ިĲ룬׷꣬ͺβɵĺ£


71 
̫ިܵѹЩ, Լ֪ΪʲôҲû뵽ԼĿڣеǰų, ̫ިô鷳
ͷһ׷βͺ꣬м֡ѾΪԭ, ǿᣬͬȾ£ѰޡԶԶ, ׷꣬Ƕ龳Ĵܡ
׷, ǰѲˡ
ֵ֮ǰն׷λǰ, û뵽Ҳ׷ԡ
̫ިüԽԽ֪꣬ʲôݣǺ
һ𵤣һԪӤ, аֶٰΣҲһʿֵúô
Ȼ򲻹ֻЩ⡣
Ļ, Щ, ֪̫ިһԼԭΣ֮ʱӦЩ޹ص⡣
λǰ
ȥĿڣ, һˡǰ, Ůеѩ֮, Ÿƺ«, ̬ɢ
òʵڲôڣüĿ䰵طĿ䴦, ·
ʦڱҲйˣˮУֳɫ
ʦҴǰι¶ѡŮӺض˸ֺۣ˿ھơ
̧ͷѩɽֻ֮һƬããٴοڣĿڣ֮Уӡһˣڣɷɢ㽫ӡƽ⡣
ôȥӡɷĥΪܹƽˡ
ʦĹˣλᱻӡ֮أ֣ӡڴĿڣ֮Уɷζš
ŮӵСӣôô࣬ȥǲȥ
ȥȻȥεͷʦݸ֪ʱ˷ӡźȡ
ŮӳĬƬ̣ͷҶ£Сɽɡ
Сɽɣ಻üôڵİ֮УδСɽһš
ֻǲʣˮʧڰա
û뵽Լ˱Ŀڣƽ˷ӡʦλ˵ƿնӰ
ҪԼּۿһ׷ٷֻ¾ʹʧλǰټ
СɽɣҶ¡
֣̫ިһȻЩΪλ׷˭
ͨСɽʵصϻҲմȾϢԶʿʶǿȣһҲ֡
̫ިʾͣ£ЩȻʶλǰ
̫ިɽȡСɽŵĹǽ䣬ǷСɽ顣
·ȥҪ֮ʱ໯Ϊ§סء
գ֮䣬Ҷ±ǰ
̫ި̧֣ģǽɢӨ⡣
ҶºȻͣס˽Ų˫ۿŹǽ䣬һ̣Ȼ̫ިߵףʦ𣡡
̫ިһ
˶һۣ̫ިϵλʦ
ʦδػҴѶѶʦӦܰæҵص
Ҷ»ţεިҶǰɡ
ϾǶ龳ǰôҲ¶
ҶΪʦ̫ިҲЩӣڣҶԡ
óҶ¶λʦ𣬺Ǿ
̫ި飬Сɽʵ֮Ƕʮ߾߿տҲıס
Сɽʮ˸ѣ⣬ʬ޴棬Ҳ˺ѣΪСɽɵӣҶôţ
ԣҶ±ӡڴĿڣ˭ɵģΪʲô
һߣѾ˳ϵеĶʦӡ
ɷǵϵʿˮУһϴ÷ףǰѩ
һߵ࣬ɫºͣСôѶˣɽ۸㣿
С̫ިƺ̲סһۣ΢΢ü
ɫֻ޹⣬εضӵʦѾˣܱܲ֡
꣬Ѿˣ̫ިԣŹֵؿࡣ
ɿһڵȷȽϳ
оطӡƿʱͬѰûκηֱȫ߸ʦ㾡ģûжѩͣѩɽϡ
֮ʱϷӡΪɶ壬̤֮·
ֻǽ֮ľΪӡĴͣͲǰֱ̫ިԼ֮Լϵķӡɶñ˳ͻԪӤ
ǰΪϷӡɶһ£߸ʦ̬Ȳһһڴɹʶ˳Ȼ
ʱӿ̫ިֿ˿࣬¶οĿ⣺ҼСڿˣһѩɽ˼꣬ҪЩϼһһ¹ء
ô˵಻ɷͷʹʦ㲻ҪᣬҺި
̴ӵ۵ѵÿĹ㶼ϣ
Ȼǡʶص漴ӦԼô˵Щ⣬æ̫ިҲǸ˼ǿ㡭Ҳû㡭
̫ި޴ģ΢΢˹ǡ
ǰʶõķ˪ºͳȣ
ʦ֣ں˵˵ʲôءŮžƺ«һ󸺵һˮСҽ°Σ
ʦ˿æ˵£ǰȥĿڣ֮ʱӡ֮ɷɢ㽫ӡƽ⡣Ҷǰǻ磬Ұݼȥ
仰ɫһ࣬ŮӣǣȥĿڣҶ·ų
Ӧֻʦԣ֮ɷɢػ䡣
࣬վû˵ʲô
ӦǵıЩ䣬ࣺںδ
ȻָҶ¡
̫ިһۣÿ¶һԵҶ¡
ĿڵϣӦһӶ졣
ĿԣҶкָһ˲૵ǡ
ֻ˵֣Ȼסͷʹ˻һ磬дѶˮҲЩȡ
ľӦڣģ۵һ˿ʹɫ
ľ£Ҷƽصڵϣ˫Ŀա
̫ި̧ͷˮеŮӣڵǰҶСɽɣʲôϵ
Ӧ̧ʲô仰
̫ި̧֣ĹǽӦС
ǡ
ԭڵصվɫ֣أ֪йǽ䣬Ժζ
ʶöǽ䣬СɽŹǽ䣬ôǰŮУ
ٶǰСɽɱ伣û뵽գΪСɽĹǽ侹˼䡣
ڴ£̫ިʲôģȻСɽоɣǿУ֪֮ѾΡ
СɽɴԸΪѰҵͳ֮ˡȼ仰㽫˵ס
Ĭãӳ̾һ飬ΪСɽһ
ôҶ£Сɽӣ̫ިֵ
ҶСɽɵˣöǽýжʿڣ˺ؽСɽɽҲࡣ
ӦǿһۻԹȥҶ£ڣҶȷСɽӡ
ʦСɽɴʦ֣޳
ֻǺСɽͽ


72 
޳ЩϤ, һʱ벻Լںδ
̫ިȻСɽʵصĲ¥У֡
Ǳն콣µ, ޳̫ިǽޣҲܿ佣֮
̫ިǰ꣬ȴ˭е֪֡
СɽϹŴ, ꣬µ¡ٶǰĵģСɽһʦ, ޳
̫ިʵҶ, Ӧȴ޳
ǰ廹ӣϹ޺, ɽ֮, ֻڼз
ֱ屬ս, Сս֮, Ҵ޼, ֱϹŴ֮٣Сɽһ
޳ģһն콣пɳƳ뻯ժ¥, һնĻǳк֡
£Գ˻
ûһˣ˶ӦӦϵͨ񣬵֪Ӧ˵ֻ˵ԼĵѰʤ㡣
ڣȴ˵޳Ľ˳뻯ĵز
ȴʦ
ӦЦһ޳µʱʦֻǸڵСˡ
Ҳһ
ʱڵģǰһţЩˣ޳ǰȻʧɫ
Ӧǵ츳ʵڲãǿԼոһյ޲׺ŵ԰ڡ
ֻʱϵĲվֲӦҲ֮⡣
ãȻ֮ʱ޳
ӦԼĵᶨߵ
ʱնǺ޳Ტ۵ģΨ̫һŮ̫ơӦ
̫Ƶ֣̫ި඼˵
ٶǰʱ겻̫ƷСķʿ
̫޳ΪܼȴСɽһĬĬŵ֮С
ǳСɽɵĴ֣֪
̫ިһʱ˵Լʲô顣
ʦǰȻƵŮΪεϣȴգ̲ס
˾ž޵¾ա
ӦǳĬһ˲ŵȻΪ˲ʿס
仰ʵڹŹ֣ȴûн͵˼οٶȥǽ˻һֱǰߣ
޳ʱξžޣǵ˴Ѿˡ
Ӧǲٶԣһת˵һ£Ҷ£޳ʱµĹ¶
Ҷħ֮ӣʱֱħ̣һħףҶµĸҲС
㵱ʱףЩνʿҲŹնݳܱ⽫ܷı
޳ǡ
а֣֮Ǻ⡣
βҶԼܹѡ񣬺οʱδ̤ϵ;Ϊûкˡ
޳ҶΪͽԣ޳Ҫס
Ҷµĸ׾΢ħҲûʲôλҶ°Ůħǰв˳Ҷȭߡ
ֱ޳֣Ҷ»ҰһƬɢȥŨ
ҶΪ𵤣޳洫Դ磬ЩӦҲʱʶ
Ȼ޲ͬ໥ֽУճ֪
ãӦǻصڱչ֮꣬ɽҶȴǽ塣
Ѹģ丸󳾣ħ¾һΪİա
ӦȻţѭǰȥѰҶ£;ͬȥѰҵӵ޳
޳ϵ֮ʱҶΪΧһѪɷ֮죬η
һѪɷ֤֮ϵȷմȾ޹֮˵Ѫ
޳ʱó֤ݣҶΪݺǣŻþ޹˵ħնɱ
ҶΪ˿ƣҲȻɡ
Ϊ˸ڶʿһ޳ǵǵ棬ȥҶһΪӡڱĿڣ֮С
Ӧǣڴ˴ӡ֮£Ҷ޹󣬻ܳѪɷ֮Ѫɷ֮ɢ֮ʱӡпɶ
Ӧû뵽ȻϡҶ»ָΪͻ飬һѪɷ֮ͬҲû뵽¶ڰص䣬һ߻ħججҶ¡
˵̫꣬ި඼Ĭһʱ˿ڡ
󣬻ӿ̫ިڵӣټʵΪ¡
δСա
̫ި
̫ϣӹɫ̫ϻˣ
̫ިü̫ϻ岢޺øУ޹أ֣Ǹġ
һͳ̫һϢֻΪ֧ѪţֻԸǧ˳̫ϻʳ㽫ռ
˵£һ߸ϣʲô͡
ʱԼ̫ިĵһٶɣѾûǰ̬ˣ綼ȥתͶ̥ˡ
ȥνʹΪӻ
̫ިʳûκȤֻǲ֣Ż˸ΪԼ˸֡
ҲʦިǰΪڵӣʱϪݼҳ̫ϻ岢κιϵ
룬ֳ˼֮ɫ
ӦЦһʦ֣̫࣬˼̫ѷġ
Ķһ٣мΡ
̫ިɻδ⣬ӣٶǰʹСɽĴ֣ʲô
޳֮мص֮ѣζ
ֻӦǿУ֪޳ǺεȾž޵СɽɵԶʤڣһϸ¡ҪǺεѣŻеӾ䣬ɽҲռ϶֮У
ӿЦҲ֪
֪µˣˡӦǺһھƣЩԳǳлģֻЩʱԪӤΪĲ񡣡
֮£Ψкϵ֮ϵʿȥ֮
ֻ֪һ֮Сɽ䣬ڣǼûõļһеʦʦ㣬ųϣҲˡ
һգвپںϵΪʿ䡣
𵤣ԪӤ񣬶飬ɽ٣ϵˣǵھĻ֣ʿôΪ֮󣬱ɷǰһ硣
ֻʷ꣬Է޼
ΪĴܣѾлߣ󶼱չУͻƣշ
ӵܲҽţδܼʱ㷢ִ£Ҳܡ
ǽ֪д䣬ض졣
ǳ֣ڵˣ֪֮١
δյӵȻһϿʢ֮ʱҲǧӡǰѩɽϽƾ˿С
࣬ڱֻʣ߸ʦ
Сɽ֣ڤڤ֮У⡣ЦЦڲɣ
˵ţ̫ިһ
࣬ިСһСɽоɣСɽɽţҲһġ
ǡ̧һ񣬿Ӧ¡
лСѣСɽ֡
̫ިû˵һ


73 
̫ި뿪ҹγʱ, ֶˡ
ʦ㣬ǴĶƭö̫ܰި
ʦȴԽԽ˳ˡȻͱ̫ި, һʵΪ, ԼʦҲԩ
Ž̫ިߣԵҶ£ʮָӡ
һ, ڶкˡ
ΪţĸҲ龳磬ڣΪڶϵģһֶֻ, Ǳ, µ̫ϳϡ
ڣ̫ި߾ȻһƴӵĶܡ
Сɽɵӡ
Ȼ, ԭˡ
ʦ㵽ʲôݣһλܸߣѵСɽŵ˽Ůɣ
Ĳ², Ҳֻܰ, ˵
ҹγ, ƽ, ƽǰ, ͵
εصںˮϷܳʪ䣬ü΢ЩӦ
ڱ˴Ѿϡޡ
ǰƺޱ޼ʵĺˮ̲סڣСɽɵɽѵǽں£
ǽʿˮдձǼ, ɽŽں£ԺӾͲù
Ҳ֪ߣ˵δҲ̫ϡУ±룿
ǡ̫ި̻ص
ֻ⣬̲סǼ⣬СɽɵɽŹʵڿռ϶֮У˷ؼûСɽɽš
˲֪ͷͣϱӵϳ
һ̫ިڼʮ󵽵ʱΪħ׼ѾΪһƬأл庣ޡ
ϡޣ䶼Ȥֱ̫ިΪ׷ɱûڷھͷɽ
ͳ˱лĪĴڡ
̫ިΪޣ겻ɢܰȥ鷳¡
ɺ̲סʵ
̫ި˵ͷͷɽ档
ŵͼͼûʲôɽ
˵ţͼõǰ֤Լûк˵
ѱŰ׺ƽʦ˵һû
׺ӽʾͬ
ԣĳضСᣬҪäӡ
ʦĻäӡᶨ˿Ϊ
ʱѵԼǼįѩ
ֻɺֻҪ׼Ϊ壬ĸ֪һ
ضΣֻҪȵõΪ˵˵Ĵ׼ſɡ
ڣɱһֱô˵ҶºȻڣ
ĿڣķӡǱһʼѾתȻֻ̫ިϵĹǽ䡣
йǽʦûǽҪ˭
Ϊ˱ⷢٺͶʿΣ̫ިѡùǽ䡣
ûҶµĽ飬Ͼⱱ֮УҲûж龳ϵʿǽֵ̫󣬶ؽСɽûκκô
֪ʲôʱһֻˮĸӺˮ̽ͷ͸өǺÿﶼι״ֻˮĸֵǰС
ө͸ɿԱϮ֮УҲζΣա
Сģ໰£̫ިһһסˮĸ롣
˿ڴϣһѪۣˮĸʹش֣͵Ϯɣ̾ˮȥ
̫ިԲˣָڿлһһ˳ˮĸƮǰ
£ղžȻȫȻûвΣա
ͬǽ𵤣ôЩ
ҪңжģĿⶼԼϣˮĸð뱧סԼ
ԡ࿪ڵǴ·
ʲô·˵Լˮĸ˿
Ҫеˡ
̫ިûдĻһˣȻбҪġ
˶ɺ֮ɽؽСɽɽţ붯֣Ҳֻ֪еĴ
ûҶ֮ǰ̫ިѾǹΣд̾ᣬҲ֮
Ҷڣˡ
ǲӦʹӦ
֮Уΰѵľ޾˸硣
װһƬֻżмֻԴԴcKι
֮вʲôܿ壬˶ᱻò󵽡
Ͼ׺ڰʲôҲ壬ڴ˴鲻Щ㡣
޾һ磬漴ˣϺͷת򣬼cKҲˮߡ
ǰ޾ȴȻۣɳبںУ̫ܽȫ۵ס
壬ʲôͳ쳹ףຣֱײ
̫ި̧ͷǰһֻԨ޾һƬɫβһɼǵĽۣнŰֻ޾ˣжɽΪʹ˿껹δϡ
ϱӣֻ޾ʱѾȥʱֻʣһɭȻ׹ǡ
ðǰҵˣֻɹ̫ިԣڵ
ھطӡӣվھ޾ǰҲԭ
뺣ֻˡ
ϾǷʲô⣬ٲᱻһˡ
ӭ壡޾Ȼûж֣ڶ
ϡЩܿǵ壬ӦԽԽˡ̫ިؿڡ㿪ǣҲΪѣպ¡
ں͵ϮֻˮĸѵÿǣΪĺ
˵ʲôԨ޾ĿͶǰŮ
̫ި΢΢Щ΢ȣͬһʽס


74 
ض, ȻΪԼҡźС
ԽǿĴڱռݸĵ̣Ը鸽ҲԽࡣ
׷Լ, Щ֮Ϊϲݽ, ȫЩΪµı
̫ިǰԨ޾ȴ֮һ
һӹʮǳħѪС, ¡
жΪԨ޾䲻һڿѪħ޶, סԼһҲ¡
ֻûӡ
Ϊ˰ຣֻԨ޾ħಫ, ʹΪõûоѪ֮С
Ϊ, ޾߶
̫ިĻ, ޾н䱸֮ⲻûʲô׿
̫ި
ɽռݺ, ôᱻ޾βǵɼǵĽۣǵ̫ϳϳµġ
, ʧϢ֮, вٻ׽Ȧ޾һ֮նɱ׽ļųϣΪ׷ɱ, ֱ
Ҳôû뿪ԭ
˵̫ިϲδ¶ɫ, ֪ޣ֮Ӽ, ħٻ
ħٻڣ֮·Ȼѡ
޾ŭ֮ʣ龳ѹܿƵϮ£˵ʲô
ʶ֣Ϊ壬޾ΪԶѪѹƣҲ¾޾ѹ
̫ިһ۵Լǰ꣬ջС
ħΪһ壬ζţֻҪͲܰħ
޾жڵΪ֮ʱܹЩħ֮ΪˣЩ꣬ڳߣֻΪ˴мϡȴ¡
ʱ̫ިԣʶ̽Լˮĸ͸Ѫ⣬֮С
ԣҲ֪̽
Ϊ̫ި·ֻˮĸǾ޾ģָнΪҲû̫ܡ
ڲ޾ڷ̾˿˿Ƶħ
⾹ġ
ħӺζ޾ջʶ
̫ҪҲûаħ
ǧɣӡһϹħǣǰӡħй¶ɺ
޾Ĭһ˲ŵΪʲô֪
Լڴ˼ʮ֪꣬Щ¡
޹ء̫ި䵭
ϱ˲ٹ򣬲ŲȫзӡСɽҪɽţƱҪȲȫеķӡ
ڡ
ԽΪǰףԼԼ̫ˡ
޾ûн̬ȣԣ֮һǰײ̽
δ̫ިĻ
˻Ƨ֮أΣ
޾̬Ѿͻࡣ
̫ިֿҪͷ֮Уɽš
棿޾ͷ಻ķͣɽֺ󣬱֮ء
Ǵʱˣ
ʵûģƺ̫ިһͳ֮󣬲ġ
ħ޷ķ˴Ȼͬ
۾֮ο˵˻Ƨڴ˽ɽţղ˶ٵӡ޾꣬˼ԣѵ
޹ء
޾ӹ˼֮ɫ߶һɽţδػǺ¡
̫ިû˵ָ΢΢һһöҩġ
һ۾ͿԼȴа
̫̾ި⡣
ѵȴаʿʣܻħ
µòȴаΪħĵҩ
̫ި֣öȴа˾޾
ʲôʵ
㾡ԡ
޾ȴаҩ뵣ⵤҩӦûʲô⡭
һˮĸ˵ҩ
ȴаڣһůȫ
өĴֺһţóˮĸʹ࣬޾أδʲô
ܸ֪ǹҩ߹ڣʣ
࣬өˮĸīɫĶѪ޾ʱ֣ħѪҺ
ʶ̽еħȻѾɢȥһ
޾һȻЧ
̫ިٴοڣȴаֻһζΪҩ༸ζԿòĻݡ
ƫƧߣƷԽߵֲԽ̫࣬ިߵʦŻѾ˼ĥԲĻݴֲķӡ
仰£޾Ķˡ
Ϊ壬ӦٶմȾħ޾Ϊħ֮Ȼ޶ԡ
ȴа˺壬ɽţһˡ̫ި
á޾Щ⣬عܿӦ¡
ҪԲѣЩڼˡ
̫ިˣҲΪǰ޾Ǿ߰׹Ƕıӻ֮
īɫıƿ棬̫ިھ֮ϣǰأʿʶ֮УҲΡ
о޾·ɹһ·ʲôʡ
Ⱥɽһ
̧ǰֵʦ㣬Сɽںδ
̫ި̵ɽۣѾˡ
Ī治ʲôҲû𣿡
ɽأأأ
ɽţȻС˵գǰȥ
ſ죬ΪԼˣءؽɽţ
ʲô
ѵСɽɾֻСһһģ׺㣬ڵ಻㣬ĸˣ
ѱŰ׺οʦڣʲôеġ
ʾĺۣ̫˵

ͷż߼ʵľ޾Ѿ뿪̾˿˵ĽŲ


75 
ɽ߷, վ±ߣӭɽ紵˸͸
ͷȥɽ۳ľ֮ⲻκλ, Ҫ㿪ʼ
Ĳѷ°׺ʾԼȥʳƽ񲢲Լ˯ĵضҲûС
̾һ, ʵʵػ, ʼܷ賤ľӲݡ
ѲửһЩ򵥵ķѾõõӦ֡ȥӲ, ޣʱʱҪͣ»ָ
һۣСᣬӦñҪͻˣ
ʦ˵֮ʱؼͻơһ, лص, δͣж
𲢲֪, һǰ, ѻֻǸδķ˰, δһ, Ѳһ֮ң
һ, ̫ިеСɽɽε򽻸, ޳ڰ֮µġ
ɽУ俴һ֡
ǡ
̫ިǵھ߱УԼһʯµġ
۾̵, ܴ򿪿ռ϶֡
̫ިֲûʲôоҲ˳ֽӸࡣ
ʲôЩ֡
֪̫ިڵ
ȷ֪
ЦЦ֮Ͼоһ
⴦Сɽӣʶ֮̽мСɽɽṹĽƶص
֮󣬴˴ռ϶̫ިԾһöɻľ޴ɽ䣬Ը⣬ܽСɽɹʵȡ
񾳽磬ȡСɽɹʵزʵֻȡֻġ
౾뽫ӾȡȽסĵطСɽɽڴײƻ
ǿȡӾӣȻὫƻδЩϧ
̫ި׼ȡһֽ¥֮ֻ轫ʶֽϣ׼Ĳϣע֮ʵ
ڣɾϻõӾһ£ˡ̫ިֽŵУתҪ뿪
ʶҲ£ǰҲûɹҪߣ׽ס󣺡أ
̫ިһסԼ֣ʶʲôæջ֣Ǽ⡣
ȻȥѰӾϡ
ɺ಻òԼҪԽɾʵ
Ѱľʯɽţ̫ިǿϵġ
֮ԾĹ棬ԭ֮һ£һĿ
֮Чʿһ߼ҪǧʯɽţֱƵݳޡ
̫ãǰ䣬ҵڡ
Ҷ龳ĴڣҪȡɽ֮ڵҲ¡
ָΪ߹ȫÿһɽ֮ϡӿ
һ̣нк춯֮
ն콣̫ި̧ͷһĻЩ
£һ죬ɽʯľ㵹ɽ֮УֳһâӨɫ
ɽϣ̫ިһ⣬ʲôδҡ
ǧ⣬ве嶼죬̲סӺ̽ͷɽͿȥ
ô£Ķһֻ˾ŵĺæǡ
ѵ˭ױˣɺݣ²
СĴ򿪰ǣ̽Χͯô󶯾ǲǺ˭Ҫͻƻˣ
˵Զιôܣûͻˡ
̾˿֪˵ò
û̽ͷұүֵһң׼أҸճС츳ǲҪɾûʲôǰ;ˡ
ô꣬Щ츳˭Ը
Ĵɲ㡣һӲͶǧֻôûãΪû׸ĹƷһˡ
ϡˣôôຣ
ҪŨͺˣҲڻ˵
棬ﻹֵõס˲ҲΪЩռԭеأŲò𡣡
˵ֲֻ̾
˵վ˼ɺôøղŵ죬ǴǱɽϴģ
˲ôɺ
ﴥ֣ۿģ
Ҳǵ¶Ǹ˻ѵǵġϸϸմ˻֪ܻܲ
ļ۸ɲͰ
ʮˣӦܻһö
ֳĺ֮ɫҶ½עɾУһԶѻɽ̴ľɿʧ
ϡ޷̴ľƷ׽ϸߵ
Щ̴ľĹס
̴ľؼͣһľ̴ľƣľˡ
ôͣҲ٣Ͼʵ̫ǿᡣ
ȻоطӡʹٶޣΪҲԪӤǿ붴ʿ
ΪԵʣɽжڻе̴ľǰ̫ިһ𣬻صɽ󣬵һ˪Ҳ̴ľˡ
ãɾϵһȥ֮ʱҶ·֣ĵӾҲɽ֮ϡ
һɾҲûнһƵ̫ӡ
Ҳ㹻Ѹе̾Ͼڽʮأδķӡ
˿̫ˣĻϯˡ
ԺСɽˣܵ
ؽСɽɵ£ʽ̤˵һ
ֻȻ̫ި֣ܻ¾ơΣǲþ±롣
öƷʯǶ֮УȻŨ
ҹҹɫ±ߣ֮ʱ䷭ɡ̫ިû˵
һգ̧ͷǳˣ
̫ިߣҹջۡ
ԣǼ⣬æת⣺ҵ֣ҿδʲô
δɢҽ±ߣȹЩʱճܿʲô
á̫ިֻһ֡
ûп̧࣬ͷ߹£¹ϣֲֳ֪ļȡ
ãԼûп
ʵ̫ܡ
ƺûм١ãȻڡ
ƽɣ֮ԣ죬գڶݴǰѧ١
Ѿˡ
ջĿ⣬࣬ƽΪߡ
ٴһɡ
ʲô࿪ڣûмղŵĻ⡣
ٴҹɫƮԶ
ҶԶԶһĻûǰ
ȻǻδֱָȴԼòҪǰ
̧ͷҹգ˫ĿһƬȴѵһ
ܶܶǰ龰
±ûˣһйƽϵĬš
֪˶ãѿ֮չǵҶƬϷɳɢڿС


76 
һɾ࿪, ˹ҵɾ̫ި
̫ިóʮɾȥĺҲСɽҪ
Ӿӣһֻǲ, ΪСɽɵӽ, ʱ㲻ÿ, ˷ɾ
, ɾ, Žһȫ
Сɽӣ븴Сɽʵصķ, ۡ
״Ϲ, Ϊ, ̫ި
ɾľ, мãֻǼ, ٶδ̫οҩ®ȵ, ֮Ҫ·, ʴ
˵ţһڸӾ̷ĵ, ΢Щͬ飺ֻܲһ˶֡
⻰˵ЩһЩͽ׵ķģ, ʵЩ˷ѡĹһˣ֪Ҫʲôʱ
еЩ£˵ڣ̫ިȻ⵽˼
ͷлһЩʯ, Ӧǿá
ǰһɽû׼Ϊ¥ϢƬۣβͺ˺ܾá
ӴҲʯ츳ԶʤѰʿʵ١
οҲҶǰڿ󰡡Ǽ⡣
ΪСɽĹǽڣҶһֱ̫ިʦʮյĿϵѹԽԽˡ
̽ͷﻹмʯЩˣ
ǰ֮ӣڷϵּΪȻơֻҪظЩͽ׷ģЩʯʲô
Сɽɹʵ֮мƷԴǻ̫ި
ƷԴƷʯۣһС㹻ʮƷʯԴ̺ΪͨƷʯ㡣
̫ިռ϶ĵڶ꣬СɽɹʵδٵУ˶ѻɽļƷԴ
СɽɷǵһҲǮþˡ
ˣͦ㡣
Сɽɳ֮ʱУ޾ıˮ棬˲Ϣιǧ
棬ϵ𽥱ǳԶԶɼɽӰ
޾ͣںߣʮգɽ֮ȻཨЩ⣬Щٶʵںܿ졣
ǵͷɽţ
㽨ɽţĵӣֻ壬磬Żš
֪ǰͷ֮߱ƽ˲壬Ŀ̽ɽϵĶ
ʱ޾ǰЩ׷˿еˣ
޾ûǶ˵Хһɽ֮ϴ
ʲô
ѵǷҪǸߣˡ
ǾԽô
Χ˽޾û⣬гأϾˡ
һ֮ʣ̫ިһ֮ϸն
أ̫ިž޾Ѿӡˡ
ǡ޾أۼ׷ӡ޷Ĵҡȷԡ
ǧɣӡһħǡ
Ѿȥ꣬Ȼ࣬ħɢ亣УΪһ壬ڴ˵ĺڶΪħȾ
ϹŷӡϢ֮Чǵշӡħ֮˲Ը˷֣ƻӡԼԾ޾ΪҲûв
ʵ֣̫ި֪µġ
ӡΪŶɶʱ޸ӡħԴԴûУ֪ʱܽ
Ȼ˴ӡǿ֪ܽӡ޸޾дżɫ
ô˴ϲŵԻָԪħԶ龳ľ޾Ӱ죬Ҳ޸ӡ
鶼ûлȥħ֮Ҳܹ֮ģеķԼ޸ӡ
֪̫ިֶзӺذȹǡɻ󷨣
޾һ˲ȻԼ츳ͨ
Ի󷨡ġҩȵһ١
һ޸ӡıֻ̫ިˡ
̫ިԾ޾֮ˡ
İҲҪͻԪӤа޸ķӡ
޾ӦһӴʼû뺣֮¡Ҫ뿪ֵСҲ׷Ҫ·
Ĺ峣ǴɵĴڣЩСһַӼը󿾡
û뿪Сǣ˽󶼿ڿഫЩ´Ŵžͱ
ȵȣȴ࿪ڣס
Ѿһľ޾ǰ꣺к£
࿴ŶĿһСЦ֪λСɽ
˻һֹһں壬޾жֳãȻ
Сɽɳ·ӣʵҪ͵
СɽϣʵȱЩ
Ϊʱʱ벻ˮôຣ壬ôܲúһ£
Сǻһۣͷһ£һʱ֪ηӦ޾Ҳǵһ˵򹤵ġ
ʯ
ֲһ䣬ʱС۾ˡ
ǰΪ̫ި·ˮĸð˳룺ʮʯһ죡
ֻөˮĸнڵΪڶʮʯֻҸʿû뵽ʿҲֵֻۡ
ϡͬʱζԴҲΪѷϼ۵ﶼࡣ޾ӲҪЩСԼʲôֱҲʯ
ż뻻ЩҩʯԸ㡣ǿԼ飬ܻҪĵҩȻЩЩ΢ȴ̫ЧãҲȱֻ׷ֵЧʿ
Ҳ״Ӧ̲ס޾ô˵
޾Ƭ̣ڵɡ
Ѿ˳ѼȴаֲƵҩȴһ֮οħȾڶ࣬Ǿ޾Ҳ֮޵ĵҩġ
ҪԼе壬ö
һ׬ȡʯĻᣬȴá
̫ިөˮĸʲô
һץ㣡ֶֻܣûмֻץ㻹죡ˮĸ꽾ػԼĴ֡
΢飺𣿡
ˮĸֳίץ㻹𣿡
ȥͬôֻõÿڵһ񣬿ȡʮ֮һעһ
ֻ֣ٶӦܿ졣
өˮĸŴ֣Щ㲻ˡ
ɽо󣿡޾Щȡ
˻ߣɽлܳ
һǰˣҲû뷨ϾԼûˣҲδСɽ޵Ķ֡
ʮȡһǼźʮʯ֪
ҪʯҪ񡣡ˮĸ
ȻСɽлʯصм
⻰ˮĸŸ
ֵİ˫ںߣȻ˺ǣϧһɤӣСүɣ
ľϻҪΣѵ;ơ
ֵص˵ͷ
ʱںߵ嶼Χʲôֻͬˮĸһʳ
ĵԼǸ߹Ļˮƽ


77 
Щûô뿪С, ׬ȡʯ;ޣ࿪ʯʵĶ
ֻж廹Ĵ䱸, ˵Ǽ黫թ, š
ţȻҲԸĺûᡣ
һֱھ޾ƹ̲סεǰ, Ҳض
̲סѵľϰ;ƣ̫, ׬˶ʯ
֪, Ϊ츳, ˮٶȲ, ڵ棬͡
ƹչʾһԼصĹǣԺƹһܸ, ԪӤ֮ܿһСɽ
Ȼֻ𼸰پﻹǲ⡣
ƹ, , ٶȲлԸȡʤһֻܵ˸ʮΡ
˵ͷƹ
һС˳źƯǰ, ϸɤ, ӵʶһЩֲ
Ȼûǽ磬Ѿ˺ǣܿԡ
Ҳѵˣ࿴ŲԼִİ, ̲ס˳ǣСɽҪɽбʶֲˡ
ɽ֣ϡ꣬ҲƷ׽ϵ͵ֲȻ֮Уֲ衣
ѵֻܱʶֲȴǸֻΪܻεİҪɽߣ
ԳСүİز.һɤӵиãȻո壬ɵÿɿˣҪԸ⣬һʯͰ
СæӦ
аɣҲ취ʶ֡
ںߵʵڲ٣д඼ֻûʲôԸȥСɽɵ֮УȻֻаʶһЩֲġ
ȷ̫ިǰСɽ岻ʮ࣬Ϊߵıǽ𵤾өˮĸ
ˮĸʮߣ־ͺܼ򵥴ֱؽˮʮߡ
Ϊн𵤻岻࣬ԪӤھϵǲʮ
ϾϡˣԽߣͻƵĿܾԽС
һ·Сɽǰ¥һֱںеں棬޲һ
е˲尡˻æǰлửģ
ʵҪΪԼֵȻҲԡ
ͬؿһۣûС
ô壬ûһửģȥŵ
ʵ˲пᣬȷǰʮֻûͨģ۽΢΢Щʪ
⸱ѵ飬вֳЦ⣬תͷֻ̫ިҲ΢΢˹ǡ
࿴̫ިָֻһƬƽ
ĿԣЦȴû˵ʲô
ѣ¼պͷɺδÿʯε򽻸Сᣬ֮Щͽˡ
Щʱգ̤;ãʲôеġԴˣĽһξֻԭҸ¡
ڿվҲûӵùѹեˡ
һ뿪һ£СûǾͲЩ˱˼֣
ЦЦİɣǰިΪСһԪӤ嵱棬Ҳܿȫһ
Ще˼ֻ޾Ҳסǵ
ȥվԭز̫ިڵ
и𵭵ˣСС͵ѡ
ֻ⻰ʵûе̫ͬި˵ֻ̾һ¥ȥ֣Լͱ˲٣Ϊʲôضƴӣ䷴Ļ˵
Ӳ֪Լô˵ˡ
̫ͬިһȥ֮һʱգ˵õʯӦиǰ
ʱĴ䱸СɽʯģԴ˻Ǻаյġ
ֻжҩ̫֮٣ЩСɽɣҪֻ̳µ
УҲֻҵõˡ
̫ިһ֮ǰ֮󣬾ǲʲôޣҲ֮Ҳš
һƬһ㡣
̫ި΢΢ü֮ĹʱΪжɽ١նɱһֻ֮ڱ򴫿ͶĹҲһġ
ͷһţ֪鷳
෽ŵĽ飬ûзԣÿհʱڵڷ󷨣һ
ֻǰЩ֮ʮʯ볡
̫׵õĶǲϧ
̫ިҪյʯҲ壬Ͼκһطܻʮöʯ
ǰҩ®̫ި׼õݸࣺ޲׷ӡƣ⼸տһ
;޾Լ֮Ҫȥ޸µķӡʱȻͻԪӤҪ޸ӡҪֻԨ޾޵츳ͨһϲָͨϵġ
˳Щĵͽ׵ҩ
ӹ򣬼Ҫ뿪̾һިӣδЩˡ
Һٶ꽫߸ʦı¶ѧһЩӦ
ˡ̫ިûлͷ
̾һ̬ҲգֻҪʼͺá
̫ިعͷЦЦ˪Լϯһλȱ
౻µ˵ϲȾһ㱡졣
̫ި䴽ǣֳЦ⡣
ǵҪѧᡣ
˵գȥ
ʧЦ
ıӰ괽ǲԾϱ쵭ȥҩ®֮С
֮ʱˮʮش߳ٸҰʱһܶʮ񡣡
ǼֻЩι״壬֮£Щͷɥ
ӲȣǽʯҲȫ֮ϣǽΪˮʮߣ˰գҲֻڳ˲ٽ
ֻڳʮ壬Լһ׬˶ʯˡ
ϲʲô飬ȷԼǰөˮĸʮ߽мÿһǧƷʯֵǧ˰ʮƷʯüİٰʮöƷʯ飿
ѵ游Ϊټұţ游̵㻹ûġ
˵ʱˮʮֶֻ߽˻ûףİٰʮöʯʱ򣬱Ҳ˲
İٰʮ壿ô࣡
ˮʮ߽ӹװʯĽڶݵĴ֮󣬰ֶֻϲؿΧҲĽ˹ȥ
Щɵû٣Ҳ׬ʯҡ
ʯˮʮһ·ƮСɽֻˮĸΪ˷ֳɫָֻڿУǵ
ɫԲ¸ҹĻ֮ʱɽ֮һƬȻš
̫ި²¥ɫ䣬ϣʶʥ
ɽȹǣɽ֮ϵѾ˳ΣڼƷԴ£֮ǰŨࡣ
ѾڽԪӤıԵԼһռűͻƣʶչɽۣһ̣ڸķƶ̫ިǰֻһܴơ
ʱǵĹâĸ֪С
̫ި̧ǡ


78 
ɽ±, ʩ˸С**ϸˮ䣬̲Ҷԡ¶, Գ־
ǰ, ȻյĶԻ, Ǽ⣺ôˣ
̫ިüһֵۣͷ±߲Ҷ֮ǰµ֣
˵ͷû뵽ô㳤˳
ϡ棬ֵٶ죬ʵЩȡ
ҲʶǺ̫ިʵ
ฺֶȷʵһݡ
ȻҲͲ֪ЧΪΡ
ϳЩ, ȥѰҰûʲô, ΢ʵں˷ֵ塣
̫ިժһöҶܵ⣬ǴӴ˴, Щ֪Ϊεݣʲôϵ
вҶ, Щ, ãȻڣףݡ
࿴ףݣ
ɽ֮ԻȵɽԻҡ֮ɽ֮ϣ, вɣ״¶໪Իף࣬ʳ֮ עһ
ʶЩݣףϹ, ں֮Ѿûгֹ಻ʶá
̫ިĬƬ̣ڻڣұʶõġ
ӵеļУԭûгֹףݵģΪʲôϵףݣ
һ̣̫ިʶļ⡣
Ϊʲôص߰ǰ
ҵĻ̫ިǰӶвҶ䣬ۡ
ިǰһס
̫ިܾûǰЩˡ
ˮ棬ɴ£ͬɫ
˿֮Ի֮дתɽ飬ֹ
輧ģ֮ʱ糺һȣϼ
·Ϊһʿ÷ͷʿУžյһЦʮ޺
Զǰ̬ԡƺֹֻǽڷ峺Һ㵹յУסյ
һ£˪ѩ֮ɫ´ǳЦ⣬Ҳ˾ÿɼ
˪ýոΣ˿ꡣ
ЦЦǼá
¶һ꣬ʤȴ˼Ȳ⼯¾¶ơ
оյһ˫һ۴żЦ⣬˲һּĴ
ΧŮ޶̲סͶĿ⣬ʿϴ֮ò󶼲̫ɫѵá
ϧλ˪Ը׽ֻó࿴ۡ
輧ĶҲԽԽ죬ɵȹýĵϷйҫĿĹʡ
һ̣䶸
Ůӷ£糺ȹѣ¶һ¡īɫ˿ƿգϸߣֻ¶һ˫纮ҹǳۣĮȻ
ͣˣʦ輧ֳ֮ɫ֮жʱһš
˲Ϣ֮䣬ŮѾ˷ͷʿǰûЦ⣬һӴ˿Աأȥ
˿ҽ֯ڿУʿҪ漴ץס˿ңһק
Ṳ̊Ҽ磬㿪ջ˿ҡ
ڵʯ֮䣬˿ҲžסʿĲ¼ޱȡ
һз̫죬һʿֻۻң֡
ʿһǺ죬Ŀ¶һ˿⣬סŮ磬
Ͼǻʿȫ֮£ŮӼϴһʹȴκβָ΢һ˿Ҿֱʿ֮
һ԰ϮֱӶϿ˿ңŮ̧ͷǳЦ
ʿѪֹĲ˻˪̿ͣ
ɿ˿ŮӵǼɵֺֻҪ
ϣΧڷӦʿŻסŮӡ
ɱʱѾŮûɣջ˿ңԲͬιܡ
ʿϵĽƣŮתȫǿƿƣѣһ˿ѪߣӴʧڽˮ֮С
׷
ҹɫ٣£ˮĬˮаӿ
ɽУŮӰü˿ڣµް
ΪõĴ̿ͣÿδɱ֮ǰȫ׼һΣֹ֪Լ˭
꺬Ц飬Ů΢䣬Ǹ鷳
ɽȼѣζŮӺȻڣɡ
仰Ǽ⣬԰˳
ԼϢıԭмĵģôͱˡ
Ůվ˿Ҳָ⣬ؿˡ
˲䣬˿ϯ翣й֯˿֮䣬Եࡣ
ΪҪɱżЦʵȻΨͼڣʮ⣬лĶ¡
̿ɱˣҪɡŮص
̿ɱˣһգҲᱻɱ̾һ
ŮЦһɱңҲҪû¡
סڵīɫ˿ң̫ިιȣָ񣬾ֱĿڡ
ָ֮ǰסɫ΢
ŮҪסһֻ֣һʱ֮䣬С
ȼѪơڣû뵽ԼʶĹơ̿͡
ݴĴ֮̿֯УһȼѪơ
Ů˿Ҵ͸ұڣ𡣱ʱסŮٴγϮֽ̧ס˲Ϣ֮͹ʮС
ӹһɣ׹ڵأ¶һŲ԰׵òʲôѪɫ
úܺã£ɫ񺣬ֻ˫۾䣬ɽ겻ĺѩ
һ˲Ȼ̫ި˿ңͣұ֮ϡ
̧ͷ֪ȼѪȻûȴȼΪۣлΪȴֻʣʮء
֪Σ֪Ρص
һڤ´̿ͣڤʮأѷ䡣þңΨһһȼѪƣȻڡ
¹Ƴ֮һбܹĸٿأвӣ֮ʹ
֮ʱƳУ峹ױΪܡ
ûٶ֣ŮӣȼѪƷԸҿɰƶ
ƶ
Ů䵭ؿ˭ʲôʸ˵ԼܽȼѪơ
ࡣ꿴Ц
һ˪ʮݣ£˪ࡣ
̫ިĳȻʱ̫ި̿û֡
Ҹγƺ
ݡ
ǰи֣ݡ
ݹЦڡ
ѪȣΪԼضҪýѣȴҪ뿪ӡ
ΪʲôҪң
Ϊһϲ¡
ҪȼѪƲףһյ£̫ިٳٲ֮ʱеĸƱ߶ˡ
ѪȫҲ⣬ʹϮ̫ިǿסʹϺˮ䣬ʪ۽ޡ
౧סס䣬ȫ͵ľ
ⲻĵʹ࣬ΪʹŤ
ཫַ̫ިߣݺҧȥǽڷ϶һݺۡ
ȼѪƷһҹֱ֮ʱŻָƽ
̫ިųһƲˡ
̧ͷߣϣ᣺ܻġ


79 
̫ިˮΪʺ, ֪ڤࡣ֮Ϊ˵ݫiԭֻá
ˮаյ, ֻ͸ǽһС, һ⡣̫꣬ިҵ, ɱ˽ԼΪҩ˵ҩޡ
ԭΪ, ˮɱԼٴ֮ʱ, ȴ
Ĵ̿֯ԭˮ
̫ިӽ֮, ǳΪ̿͵ĵһء
̫ިڳմѪһƬĮȻ
ͨ̿͵һ, ʱ֮, Ϊ̫ިȼѪơ
ʲôãϧһڤ, ҪõĴ̿, ΨȼѪơ
֮У, ҲֻһֻƳ, ɲҪʧ
ûѡ
ѡˮûκѡˡ
̫ިõĴ̿, ȴҲֻпܡ
ΪѪȾ£ת˲ѹʮꡣ
ɱżҼʱѾлΪ̫ިԣѣȴһ, гµķ˪ࡣ
˵Ϊơ
ֻһϣ̫ިԸģΪһпܡ
롪

ҪȼѪƲף̫ި߹طÿʮգϹƶ֮ᷢࡣ
ʱ̬ʵǱúܣȴжҲãҲãԲ
ʵ̫ިƽֵˡ
ҪȼѪƲ£˻ΪƼˮ˳֣ȴôˣ̫ިԵɣֻвԸ
ϲۼɱ¾κǰ֮ˣܼ֮ʣԮ֣֮
̫࣬ިۼȹˣмģҲе˶飬˶⣬ᵶġ
ۺΣʼܵȻ֮Թ
࣬໯̫ިڤ⿪ȼѪơ
һһϣʹ˱
̫ިǰΪ˵ѵõһ˺
ֿˮѰ
ʱˮڲݵʩԹص޸£ϸҪƷˮ
ۼ̬ãˮΪʵ̫ި˵ݫi۰ԼãΪһöǣݫi
ȼѪƽ⿪õΪɢȥ̫ިȻˮϵĶ֣ˮͶˮ֮С
в£̫ިǵù˶ãһЦ
͸βŮӰ˰ߣβѪӿɢˮС
ָ̫ި۽޲֮УԼע⵽۵β
һöȾѪζУһ̫ިС
Ҫǵãɱˮɣϻꡣ
ˮĸɣϻ
屻ǣţûˮ¡
ֹգ˽̫ިˮΣԾΪ׵ڶΧˮˮ룬ֻʣĵϾ
¥󸡿նҴˮӾ˴
뷢԰׵ˮס̫ިĲ·ݫiݫiҵ뿪Ҿͽû㣡
̫ިȥݫiĿҲڴʱͶ˹ɫƽ
Ȼػţֲá
鹭Уݫi칭ۣһ֧ƿն
͸̫ި࣬촷ɢڿУ̧ͷʣ֡
ɡֻһ㣬ˡ
ˮŭؽӿһ̣·ʿڿնΧʣˮӡ
ΪսˮнͻƽӳһиԻҡ
ûע⵽̫ި峹ʧȥϢһ̣ö˫˲Ϣ֮仯βҲɫۡ
һֻǻҵ뿪ˮ
ڱˮΧ֮ʱճŮˡ
ججｫ̫ިԼŮһ·ȥбڱ£ۡ
ģΪɣʱʱ֮ࡣ
֮꣬Ϊڵȼɭϣ۵Ҳżѹ֮£ݡ
̫ިѧһֻʱ̽ץ޸ʥŮԽ;ƽ̵
̶̼ռ䣬϶ֱ򡣴гҪȻԽ⣬ԴΪ̸ֵ
νʿ̴ɱ䣬¾ڽ¡ƫƫ̫ިתΪ󲻵òͷУľ죬ٶʵڲ죬ʱΪ
Ϊ˻ס̫ިᣬΪԭΣſӭΪԶʤԼ壬ɽߴ磬ûкˣȴϡ
ҲΪ׼𣬷پֱʿ뿪̣̫ިŸһصǰֻʣһƬ
ϣûʸ񻤳ӵĶ
̫ިʬǣǵл꣬뱱
˺̤꣬ž׹ǣ˱֮λ
̫ިĹ֮´壬֮Ϊ
һͳ֮ӱǧƺƵȥ
̶£ݳǳؽƣ£ֻʣΪݵһɵľڻδ潵
̫ި޸֮ʱԼеԽʯܺ棬һΣݫiôѡ
ݣ֮ǰ֣֮㲻ҪǨŭһΪϵ䭵Ȱ
ΪϺ֣̫֮ިûɱֻʲô˼
ȥһΪո߸ϵľƽΪ˵ʦ
ȻţҲǺúóһ֮ѡ
̫ިЦһʲôǨŭ򣬵ԶΪ彮򡣡
䭣úÿһͬڱ̤ƾں󣬿
ǧ̤ˮУپ⣬ݫiվڳ¥֮ϣųƺһ̣˾ӾڵڶණʿֻһƬȻ
ɵ͸ԽĿڣ̫ި䴽ǣԭνֿҲˡ
ָ΢һסԽϣʹ䣬̫ިϲ޼İ˷ĿɳϷ롣
ĽƿƺƵǰϣֻһƬĮȻ
ӿ뾵ڣǺһϯʿ
߲ɱ
ǧǰʿ·˫ϥڵ棺Ը
ҲԸ
ݣҲ֮䡣
ɱģβ˫ȣ̫ިһѺµǰݫiȥҪģֻġ
͵ݴݼɻϲ̫ިűȹԼˣЦ
ݫi̧ͷϾЦ⣬ı֮ʱȷû뵽нա
ȻͷѾãǱ㲻ȣ׽˿һЦ
кޣɱݫiЦڤңЮǰˮΪңһɱˮϵģҡ񣬺ܸý㡣
̫ިδⷬݣ鵭̫ˡݼúúûŲǡ
ɫݫiƬ̣ϢȻίȻԷΪ̫ިֻԼԶ֡
Ͼݫi³һѪ̫ިһȾѩףҲȥƬ̣㻯ˡ
һΪɢݫiֻзڷ˶ԣѵ֮ꡣ
ݫiǷǿ뼤ŭ̫ިɱԼϾ飬Լ˽̫ި֮֡
ϧ̫ިҪúûš
ô򵥵ˣʲô˼أ
̫ި΢΢պѧһˡ
󣬹µݫiӣֻǸΪĴĺˡ
вٵʦ֮һٵݼģ£㶨ƽƽꡣ
֮£ɢĳƬâ


80 
֮, 綼һƬУ˭Ҳ֪֮ɻֵĴ㡣
, , ޸׷ǲʹǰﰵ̽һĶ
̫ިԲҪڡ̫ϻӻ򣬴»صĹ
еļֹڴ, ̫ިֻǵԼĹ, ֮ʱ, ص߰ٶǰµǰ
ھ㸲֮, ûκԵ, ͻصʮʱ
˵, ֮󻹷ʲôֻǵˡ
ǰһƬڰ, ֪˶, ǵ̫ިԼǰԼ
°ɫβ, าƬ, Ŀ
̫ިԼ֣ҶڿУɢº͹â, Ʈ
ףݡ
ʳ֮ϹŴĲľ̫֡ިסףݣ̧ͷ, βԼڰȥ
ǵļ便ʲôǻԼΪλͻȻص߰ǰԭ
ΧһٴڰʶҲڻ硣
չӴսУϣŮ۽޲һ˲
̫ިۣĿĹ̲ס
תͷȥſϣһֻͷ£˯졣
ۡ
̫ިߵǰͷ࣬չ֮䣬ǰպķ˪غһ
ƺʲôֱ˫ǡö̫ިĿ⡣
Уһ˲Ȼ
кǰ΢ڿиҲ¶
˯˶á̫ިڣһƬš
ʮաصĿϣдżֲ״
ҹ̫ި±߻ԣգѾʮա
౧̫ިҶµ˶ɫ
֮ȷ£ûжҲδˣֻߡ
û뵽֮գ̫ިתļ
̫ި⼸գԭ㶼ϣϾСɽļ󷨵ĳ̫ިֻˡ
ǰΪڵ֮ҲӣҪ⼸ռһڵá
̫ިΣÿҹЪֻථҽҩ̫ިʡ
оΣ˶٣ʵ
޷̫ިֻμܾ֮ǰ¡
仰˼ɫҲʮ꣬˵δЩ֡
̫ިܺ˿壬Ҳ׿ˡ
΢Щʧ񣬶̫ިףݣУɽأףʳ֮ΪϹŲľԺ֮ǰ¹⻪£ף
һףΪޣǧܻ꣬ٳɶࡣ
ⷬʶؿףݣֳ޷εľɫˣǡ
֮ԻΪƧ֮أΪϡ֧ףݵ¾ֱض䡣
ިܿ϶̲סʡ
ףȻÿܲʵޣ˲ϳףݣ̫ިҲδȷһ㡣
ԲҶȡ¼öɫ֣ףֻʮգǧ꣬Ȼ֪ˡ
нӹ֣ͷӦ¡
̫ި̧ȥ֮ʣıӰ쿪ڣҺܵ㡣
Һܵ㡣
̫ިһ٣ûлͷҲͿ˿顣
á
̫ިֻһ֣ذȹǷӶʧűߡ
ԭصһʱЩãȻ֣ʲô˼
ѱŰ׺첽ԵӾ̫ިһЩҲ¶Եϲɫʦ㣬ˣɻʲôҪҪϢա
׺Ҳ̫ިҡҡβ͡
΢΢ףʵ˺£
ɫҴҶȻʲô·ˡ
ֻСüʹ壬Ƕ˵֪Ϊβ
ֻСûǲȴûǰ򵥡
ֻСѾʮǰСɽڿҲκ쳣պȻʧҾáԥƬ̣˵ԼĲ²⣬Ǳʯ
ڽһ·ŵ签֮Уʶ̫ǿ֮¡
֮һɷԼУȴûκιġ
ദҲЩСдûɽ䣬ΪּΪޣһʯˮֱλεع
Ҳ߳˵ӾӣĲ²⣬ü
СɽҪ֣ǰڴʯžͱʯȥлж˴
ԣ׮£Ǳܡ
Ҫнȡʯ£ɱӺ⣬ʯֱӽΪߵȷ׳¡
֮ŵһ㣬ʯĿ֮УʶӡϺ˱㲻ȡá
̫ިȻҲûȷǸ⡣
ڽҹˡ̫ިϲٱ飬˵ȴһ
ƻ֮ʱСɽϣֻŵأˮʮһŲȥоԼҪͿա
ΪԼаֻ֣һܿ죬ˮʮʵû뵽ԭѡ
ҩģ󷨣ˮʮѡ󷨣⸱ήҲ飬ŲɤӹЦСү˵ѧʲô߰ɶãʡʯܶ鵤
ˮʮֻ߲ʶǳ˵һֻθݵİͣ˫ᣬϸ֪ϻһֻǡ
ˮʮ߿С飬ĵҩѧô
Ѿαʶֲҩԣ֮ѧˡСϸϸЩʱգҪϽʯڵ̫ˡ
ǿɵ׬ʯô˷ˡɤֿˡ
С鿴ᰡֻҪѧҾͿԽҩ®ʱÿնʯ
ɤӻ˻ͷ˭֪ҪòѧᣬοҲδѧᡣ
΢΢ЩСᶨһŬѧģ
ۼɤӻҪ໰ˮʮ̧һ־ס๡
ڰˡ
ʱ߳һӰڼֻǰ
ߣˮʮЩֵ
ǻ·ôߵ̫ިֻñ˿Ƹ˹Ĵʹ
ֻ˵ͷЦһ׮λ


81 
, յ£ĺˮĬš
һֻСһʯû뺣С
, ̽Ŵ˴ļ˫۾һĻ¶βסĴ֮ɫ
СεòǺܿ, ܻεĻ, Լ˭ܿ㷲顣
𡭡
֮ʱܺˮȻһƬīɫͷһ, СһѽʯװԼİǣϣװ
ΪһֻٿӲ֮δǵĺڶ, ⼸ʮ, бʳľ
ںڵĺˮ, ֻοȳ˵ĴīŴ, С
ʯΪ׵īͨں, һȦһȦɫ, ˣ
УСЩ͵, ﵱȻǾúµ, ȴܼᶨ, Ǳյܲ͸硣
໷īֻ, ƴ, ͨҲûǴ򿪣һʱЩŭɴŰƴ
Сֻһת, ԭսİҲɳһ϶
ҪֲסʱһӰ˼ֻΪͽ֮īǰ
ԭǼֻ˼΢΢֣໷īסСĴֵնϣԵˮʮæ֣κСץ˻
Ϊٹ߷ֻī̾ʶǴ򲻹ͻȻֵ壬Ȼ򲻹ȻҪ·
ֻǸոתûγԶѾڴ˴̫ި
壬ѵһģ
ֻīתӣ̫ިָ΢ĺˮһδī˸ʵʵ
Ŵƴ໷ī֪˭𣿣Ҷǣûǵ֮
ЩīҴ٣ȻΪˡ
ֻԪӤڵī㣬Ǵ˴ѵõʦΪԵʣΪߵ壬ǰҲ֡
⼸ֻīͬ壬Ϊ׵ĳ໷īֱϵѪһڡ
̫ިû˵ķϻ΢΢ָ̧Ĵֱ໥˽ᣬһЩīҲˡ
ͬһ˴ˮʮȻҲǵĽͬؿһ۱һŵīǡ
δǣ̫ͣިߣʵ
ˮʮЩźؿżֻī㣺ϧīĴ뿾ζôҪǻͺˡ
仰ֻīһɪɪ
ǸôҼڲŹǵģ໷īֻڱ黨ʱ˵δЩ㡣
˭
ˮʮæ̫ި̬ͣУīͶһĨӵĿ⡣
һôǶ棡
ȥϼ졣̫ިЦЦؿ໷ī㣬û뵽ջջ񣬡ҵ
˲˼һֻСɽȱ֡
ֻīֻ޻ˡ
żֻīصСɽסһ֮عСɽǿǧͩϡ
ڴ˴Լ龰¡
ǵڶһ磬ǰСɽ񹤵Сǣһ۾Ϳ˼ֻϷɵī㡣
ϻŸʾαʼĩ͵ú
ӭŸɫĿ⣬໷īԼһԵؿǶˡ
磬ʲôʱܱȥ
໷īȼŻ棺һǵģ
ʱһЩԼʲô
֮һֻӴͨͷȥһģ塣
өɫĴںˮζˮĸٶȿ֮˲Ϣ֮⡣
ʮ㣬ȵҰһ
˵ٴˣҪʮ㣬ӯӯ㣡ˮӯӯŻٶȣͷűԼСһȦãŭ
õģʮ㡣ˮʮŻǰһ̵ػش
ˮӯӯ÷˸ۣתͷ˵
ʮ㣬ô죬ҪˡˮʮſԼԽԽԶĽ㣬Ȼûκα仯
ˮӯӯʮţ㶼ˣôǰһʲôô
ˮʮһҲʮ߸˵ˣ廹Ҫղڿǲü
ڿʲô˼ˮӯӯһ
ڿôʯأˮʮŲ̫ס
ˮӯӯûлشĵôʯǸô
ûöãֻˮĸ㵽ͷ
ԶԶɽϵ¥ˮʮֳ֮̾ɫÿ
ˮӯӯһֻͷϣˣ
ˮʮֻջĿ⣬Сɽȥ
ֻˮĸϰ󲻾ã޴ĳīҲˮð˳һµˣСɽɽţ̲סһߡ
壬Ȼ׽ҪЩ֪ʲôߵغ񲻿ɣ
̫ި֪ԼҪѾԼˡ
ɽ±ߣתķӵȿֺӿڣһ߹ȫ
ʮ鼫ƷԴСɽ󷨵ļڵϣʱ˴ʱָΪˮƽ
֪˴ҪŨö࣬ЩС޲ʱʱ̿һѵ
һΪ̫ި𵤽ԪӤҪ׽٣пܻΪħκ˶Դ
߾ۼƣ̫ި΢ƽ
ŽƳΣһƵɫ׵̫ި
ܻײһһطˣ±߳Ƭףڷҡҷ
ϢڵײΪΪΡ
࿴ó̫ިܵĵһףʿԪӤܵһ׸ǿ
ʵԽǿʿ֮ʱ׽ٱԽǿȹ׽ٵõôȻҲࡣ׽ԽǿеĿҲԽߡ
Ŀ̫ިϣüͷ΢壬оǱԼԪӤ֮ʱҪż֡
ڴ׵к£ſŸ
̫ި𷱸ƣ׽Ҫ֮ʣתײһ졣
ڶʮߵ֮󣬽ͣϢƬ̣ȴܽ˷ɣ񱩷ǰ
Ȼһ̣µٶԽԽ죬ߵ׵Ⱥ̫ި£ָ̧лһһġ
γһ޴ǿеסߵ̺žƵס
ݵļ󣬽ٴνףк춯̫֮ިɫƽӿڣڵ֮лΪԴԴϵ
ٵһ֮ʱ̫ި׻⣬ڷˡ
̧ͷȴϷƲɢļ׵ʲô
ɫôʿԪӤǶ׽٣Ϊި׽٣֮󣬻δ
̫ިߣǽ򣬲δֳɫ
ٳδµף֮ǰ̫ިܵʮףƸǿ
ͻأ˷磬̫ި̧֣߶ķ߹ȫԭƽҲȻ˲
ӿˮ¶ڿлһƬ
ųʱõǵҲкХ¡
׵˺ҧӴ໥ڽɢȥҲɢȥΣˮ¡
ˮϣʱСɽڵһкȻЩ
Сʱ˶֮С
ӽɫĹâ̫ިʱϢϣѻɫĳڷз裬һöӡǳǰΪ˼ʥ֮⡣
ǡ̫ϻһġ˪׹
̫һ崫Ϲţǰ˪׹ѪֻǵѪսϡֳ˪׹ĺѾԽԽ١
ިʲôݣ
֮ʣ̫ި˫Ŀ⡣
һ˲ȻЦ
̫ϻʲôϵʵҪֻҪԼʶǸ̫ިͺá
࿴̫ިԼҲЦӭ
˻صСɽʱԡѾӶ
̫ިǰһҵȰлߣ


82 
ɽ, ī̧ͷϵɫ˭ͻԪӤѵЩ壿
ͻԪӤ, һոͻƵԪӤڣôͬԪӤȣ
СɽѾдī۵ȻҲţƵȴа, ƺǴЩеĵ
Щ徹Ȼ˷ҲҶ, ˷ҪһЩѵɡ
īһ, һ, ̬ȻСɽȥ
ΧвСǰԭЩ᫵ɽѾ̤ƽ̹īۻΪ, ЩС㶼ûϳ, ̬, ɰͶĿ⡣
úһֻҪΣҲô, ôڴ, βǵ
ī뿪ѧϰˮʱ໯Ρ
ûвЩСĸ̣īһ·Сɽ, ԶԶ㿴ֱֻɽī㱻ͩϣʱһЩ嵱Ƿ
໷ī㲢ûи֪ԼѾˣ, һסоԼ챻ɹīˡ
һշֻīϵˤ߻ء
ܵϤϢ໷ī̧ͷˣۺ᣺ڣˣ
īһУץ˹ûϢ嶼򲻹ҵ
໷ī࿵Щĺ
ҺƲԣдѶ棬ҪϹգɳīˡ
Ȼ֪Ѷ̫ިġ
ҵҪжīۿûϢӣһ
Ҫб£ôϡĵط
˵գʱСɽ壬Ҷҵ
ԪӤѹɢһʱ䣬Сɽϵ嶼ѹ壬ʶҵطȴѹûдӣһ˫˫۾͵͵
ôܲơ
ԶˮӯӯˮһʮŸոˮʮ档
ʮߣиҪҪˮӯӯһˮʮߣ
ˮʮôͷɵʮ㡭
Сÿô˵ʱ򣬶ʲô·
ˮӯӯյ˵˶ٴΣҪʮ㡣
õģʮ㡣ˮʮʶص
ˮӯӯֻˮĸбƣΪʲôЩܵһһɵ
˵ʲôīŭһ쳹ɽ䡣
ⲻīλôСɽˣѵҲڿģˮһʮϳ̵˵
仰ǵˮʮߺˮӯӯһˮһʮȴȫȻԼ˵ʲô
־ס̲̫ĵܵãˮӯӯľСû뵽īҲˣãЩϣԼ˵ܻˮ㡭
Ϊ壬Ϊڿô£
һߣ̫ި෽±߻īһŭȣ㣬ԼȲˡ
СɽɽڵҶҲһƣü붯֣ȴʱ¡
ЩʱѾЩڳߵѵҲмӡ󣬴ʱԼҶҲûжֻ֣Ȼؿ
㿴ţҶûжֵĴ㣬ҲԾһ亹ʦԸģҵ£
Ҷޱؿ֪ûòתͷȴǱĿûٶ
̫ިֻī㣬ΪҶ²Ƕܣ޵ĻĽ֣¾ֻʣīˡ
˶̫ިڽ֮ʱǿпסҶµĽ⡣
̫ިīһ䣬øˡ
壬һһݹҲˣڳһֻֻ̬߰໷ī㣬ƽ˼ֺЦ
̫ިҪβ
⻰ī۶УԼƣһܻ޴Ĵ֣ɿ̫ިϮ
޴ӵ滮滨ݵһƬǽ塣
û˵Цī۵Ķû뵽ֻԪӤڵ޲Լ˿ӣЩ
̫ި㿪ڷУ졣
ȹĴ֣β˲Ϣī۽ǰԪӤ̫֮ިٶȱˡ
īԪӤڵΪʱҲֻһӰӴԼǰӹ
岻ǸողŽԪӤ
īӦ̫ިѾīֻһ漴㲻ܿƵط˳ȥ
ŵĳ໷īˤ˳ȥſڵϵīһǵͨ졣
һ̣뷢԰׵ԭػһֻ޴ĳī㣬Ŵ־˹
̫ިü㿪һһ֣ĶƬ֮󣬳īʮֱֻһţţֱײǿøߴͩͣ
īЩͷת̯£̫ިֳ̧һģһӣīۣûڡ
ڷ£ī۵βɽСָܿѰīС
һԼīɫ㣬ʲô
࿴ЦⲻģģСɽһˣԲЩǿо
淽Сɽڶ֣˲ٲľ
ʮĻʮ֥ҶݣöιܼƼֵʮǧ߰һʮһöƷʯոʮʯȻߡ
ɫī̵ɴۣתͷܿȥȻвƵĻЩƷֲ
˵˵Ϊʦī۲ûУѰľ
ಢʲô˹СɽĲľһСɽ˵㡣
λСɽڿСӰΪӣһһʯʯλ뿪ˡ
໷īʱ⼸ռҲǧʯ
࿴һۣܴùǣȻʲôҲø
໷īʱ졣
Ƿߣͻȡʯīۿڵ
ЦЦڻծ֮ǰλʱ뿪Сɽ
īȻʵʵʯ˵֮ʣɫī㵱˳ȥʮɣ⣬̫ިŻŷī벻Сɽġ
ɫīײһεǽʱ˻ȥ
࿴Цⲻġ
īֻܻͷػָΣɽֻһʮʯ
޷صСɽϼ¯ҩӦ㹻ծˡ
ʱīҲʶԼȦס
ҲΣŭ
Ҳˡ
ī۶ʱһҭԪӤ棬ôȥڿ
涼Ը⣬ֻýϣΪһʾฺֶɡ
īˣ˭򲻹أڿ͹ϣȻһЩ
̫ިī뿪ˮʮ߲ɸ̫̾ʦԽԽˣ
ˮӯӯʮ㣬ղ˵ʲôⰡ
ˮӯӯ̫ިıӰʿˮûʲôСɽڿÿܵöʯ
зգʵʵڿɡ


83 
ˮ, ӿ̫ިǰӡǣȻ
ȷ̫һѪ˪׹૵֪뵽ʲô, ֳԵ㯡
Ļ, ̫ި΢, ϲʲô飬Կ뷨
ĬƬ, ӲٴοڣǷ֮, , Ѫ
̫ި̧ͷ, ̫һڵǲ
̫һʱ, 
һ˲, 漴Цµò
̫һ򶼷ΪΨڵ, λȻ
̫ϻ˼ڵӣҲҪ֡
̫ϻʢ, ȴ丩׳Ƴ, սܶԸ, ʱ̫ϻо, δϵѩɽ㱻ڵʱһƱˣΪϣ˵˴, ֳЩȻ֮ɫ
ٶǰƵŮΪӣ̫ϻڵĹϵԭ͡ƵŮϵλı̫ϻһ֧Ѫ
Ҳ֪ٶ귢һƽ١̫ިȻ֪Сɽ֮£ӱҲСɽɸͬҲشΪⱻ˲Σҵֻܽɽнƾ򿪣Ը̽
ʱӵΪޣҲΨԴ˽Ʋֹ֮̽ˡ˺䣬ܵɣӵ˾̵ܽ࣬ϣܴڵͳ
˵ڱһԭΪ˷̫ϻ塣֪̫ި֮ʱ䲻¶ɫ
ǰģҲ̫ϻʲôǣĬȻ֮ʱ̫ިٴοڡǰ֪ν˪׹ء
ֻʮ꣬ԼԼνЩȤϧ̫ިǡ
̫ϻκǣҲ˿
̫ިСɽɵǣ֮Ϊ̫ϻãڵĴЩѡ
Ҳ֪ٶǰǳֺڵӵ㣬ֻʣˡһܽƣôŷͼϷֲʳڡ
̫ި˵ӷϿ˵۹ⲻ
˪׹Ǿ֮£֪һ꾡
˷ڸ˪׹ӡ̫һ̫˪׹޷Ρ˵գָ
̫ިףתӷڷżӿǰ׵˪׹ȥ
նлǰָ㡣̧֣һ
ЦЦƾССɽɵĹϵⲻЩС°ˡ
һ̫ިΪСɽĹǽ䣬̲סʣֻСѵ̳Сɽô
ԣ̫һˣҲϣܹ̳Сɽɡ
̫ިûлشֻһСɽɣ˼䡣
˵ȻźҲûٶԣһ£Ҷʦֽտɻã
ʦģǰȻѼ֣кתļ󡣡
̾ʵǸϢ
ʦ֪Ϣǻܸ˵ġ
仰ƺЩֻ֣ǲ࿪ʣѾת⣬޾ϸع֮еΡ
һһˣ˵ἰСɽؽΣЩ⣬û뵽ֻ࣬Ѿ˵زʵڳϡ
˵ȡףݣ˵
Ϲףݣ
ؿһ̫ިܵõϹݣʵڿɳӡ
֮ǰĲľͬϹ֮ʱľ¾תΪ֮Ч˲֧űʱظС
ս֮󣬺飬㸲ǿĴڶУʱţϹŲľҲʧټ࿿Ȼ
ףݵĳ֣ǲζŴ˷µĿܣ
ֵѽףݵַɽͻɣףݳɲѣʱҲʦдֲķ
߳ϣǶɽΪʦ
ף֮£̫ͬި
ӵͷӦ£ʦͽ˵䣬ӳֻˮ
ҹǺӲȻֻСɽɽ⣬תǹⴹ䣬˿˿Ƶӿڡ
㲻ɽţףݳɣСɽϵŨҲʤУЩ嵽ҹҲȥ
̫ިϲ¥ʱһ׷Żϡ
СɽǱ磬ΪΣδжߣԿ¥һۡ
ںСɽɵĹϵ㹻¥ġ
ɿն콣̫ިȻڡ
ͷި˵Сɽ޳ǰն콣
ն콣ĽףԭҲ¥У
̫ިͷѭż䣬ָǾն콣ڡ
˳ָķȥ̧סն콣ס
ʱ̫ި󿿽һǳϢϢ䣬ĺȻ©һģԼţ¶Լ
ЩҵؽȡһΪĶˤ䡣
סѾڿչһ˲䣬Ȼ仨к¡
۰ɫһ׷࿴վԼǰ̫ިɵһͣ˵档
仨֮УĿԣƽ˼ֲζ
ã̫ި𻭾ֻŮüһӡǣԳ˪ѩ֮ˡ
ڻعЩڵرĿ⣺糣ʿķ֮˱⣬СɽɵĲ¥УҲһ
̫ިĿڻŮӶӡϣ΢΢ü˭
࿴򻭾漴ŮݣƵŮĻ񡭡
Ȼ̫Ѿǵʱ̫ϻΨһŮ֮۽֧Ѫ˼ΪӣŽλϮ
̫ϻʳˣ̫ǰҪִ֮
̫һÿȱ̫ҲУȥμӼ֮ǣҲ̫ƵĻ
λȻƵŮ
̫ިĿڻ½ǵӡϣ׭֡޳
նǺ޳Ůƣʲôϵ
ɵ仨ģǰŻѵΪŮ⣿
޳̫֮䣬ԭϵ
˵ò
תͷȥҶ²֪ʱ
ʦ黭ߣΨеŮһˡ
Ҷ̧֣̫ިеĻУĿڻϣҶµɫдżѽȻ
Ȼ
һָ̣Ӧеǡ
̫ިСɽʵ֮ʮ߱ףһ߱޳̫Ȼ
మ»ȪҲˡ
ҶСĻ̌ͷһ̫ިĿһͣȻã̫ިò뵱λʲô֮ͬѾƵŮмơ
ŻϣҶµɫȻֻһƬľȻ̫ިڣʦ𡣡
εЦЦҶǰȫָ費ʱա


84 
̫ިൽʱ, ޾Ѿںߡ
޸еħӡ̫֮ި, ħɢ亣, ƱػӰƬС
ֻܴǰȥħӡڣҪ޸ӡΪˡԨ޾ڵ, һϲͨԼ޸
޷̫ިڵƽ
ӡ׵ħɢʣһû֪ǣħɢ, Ҫ޸⴦ӡΣա
ֻǴ˴ѹħķӡϹţԶʤĸ߽󷨣̫ިԪӤΪ, Ҳû㹻ʶ޸ӡ
ܽ, , ԪӤͻҲһ, ޾ԼǲԸȵġ
ħɢ, ӰصʱҲӰ죬սҲá
޾º, ˮȥ, Խ£й߱ԽԽʿԣвɼ, ƾʶҲ㹻֪о
ǧɲʲôΧһƬ˷ʩѹԽԣǽµ嵽ˣֻò˶ãΪļѹѡ
ž޾ǰһл̫ިǰ
ڴ˴ѾܹԸܵԷӡħ˿˿Ƶħй¶û뺣ˮ֮С
ǰ̫ިе÷ţҪαֺⷢǧɴȱһǵķӡҲҵеĸԴ
֮УһһƵӣγɳɫ޴ħʬǱ֮УɫĻǽС
ѾʧȥϢϹħлǴľѹ̫ި̧ͷȥϷ󷨲תֳ仯仯Уܿһ󷨵·ħ㵱ɴй¶
࿴Űڵϣͷ­µħ壬֪ΪΣͣԭء
̫ࣿިͷꡣ
عƿĿ⣬̫ިһЦЦ󷨡
û˿󷨣ڱ仯֮У̫ިҲ޲ٵһơ
̧֮ͣתȫ漴һڼϢ֮γƺȻͣ˱仯
̫ިû˷ʱ䣬Ϸƣרע
ʱţģϾȻҲûзԽԽħܻ۶
޷ħƺȸԾһ㣬Ⱥӿڡ
ħƮһưɫâ
̫ިʱר⴦ӡϾˣȫȻûв¡
ԴԴϵħڣתΪһ˱ĵҲħһͬΪա
ƽһκ̫ި۽Ϲ䣬ֻܼǴƣ
һơ
Űâ壬طķӡϣͬͼڣһ죬ĿһطӡǱǿƿ
˫ĿȾϳɫһ̣໯ΪԭΣһХų֮С
ûƣɫķӡ漴Ҫ仯̫ިϵʣҪƱ仯֮ǰ޲ã֮±ǰ
һƣһľ޾ס
̫ި֮ʱһж˫Ŀ֮һƬ֮ɫɫƬϷű亮âܣƺбſ֮ҡ
壿
ô壿
޾ǾɲҲûԥӴӭΪԭε࣬޾ײ׶ʱˡ
жΪľ޾ȻƵúˣѹǵϯ֮ܵ
޾ѹסԼıܣˮסȥ·
βɢ˾ĺˮѪɫɷЮźˮ޾޾մȾѪɷ˲䣬㱻ʴ׹ǣΪʹŭһǿɢ˿ϸŵɷ
Ԩ޾ǿᣬԼǶ龳ޣȻѪɫɷ׸ʴ壡
ԼǺ֣޾̲ס⡣
ʱ֮ڣڷӡ仯ǰһ˲̫ި޲һơ󻺻𣬷ɿãʱǴҲ˿ʼ
ܷӡϹħĴ󣬱κȱݡ
̫ިɢ֮ǰɫ
ӡ⣬ڱ˾޾սҪȥ
࣡һĻ̫ި
ĶȻͣһ˲ع˫ֻѪɫûκθ顣
ϣķӡ·ӣ̫ިֻһ۱֪ϾطӡȻƿ˵һء
طӡҲǼ򵥵ӣһأζŷӡ
ħĺ̫ިֳֳѾףʦΪҪԿ̾طӡ
طӡԭħ£ԭֻħħ
Ϲħ壬ԭں֮ʱУ
£һ˪ʮݣ͹ͬķ˪࣬ȴϹħ
һۣûж֣漴عͷ
Ҫ뿪̫ިƳ
γɵƺǱŭˣ̫ިײ
˿ƻģѪӿ̫ި̧֣Ѫںײ֮ʱǵѪ𣬻סţȴ޷ѡ
̫ިָںüģ߶ԼĺһСѪ˫Ŀϣġ
ջھʱ̫ިƺع֮ⶨԼڽá
С̫ިУ˫СǹӨסԼβͣٲ֮ǰ塣
ƺĿ⣬˯еʶ˲ģѱ


85 
ľ, ̫ިΪ޾ʱߣɻã
ʲôһӡʧӰ֮ж, ѵ꾹岻ɡ
ȻĶ, ޾δѯʣЩ彻鲻, ԼʣҲδܵõ𰸡
ǻȥ̫ިɫ԰ףڡ
ˮ̹ǣҲڻʧȥ¶ȡԭ޸ѹħķӡѾ̫ިľǿд߶ԼΪԭεʱ˯˿ֻһʹ
޾Ӧһ, β΢, ˮס̫ި, һ·ȥ
Ůɳ̲, ָⱻˮݵ÷ף̫ިϢ΢
, ԭεԼβͣ˯㡣
޾̫ި, һ, ˮ̫ި, һڣСɽɽڡ
ˮɢ̫ި̧Ŀϡ
ͻȻԼǰ, ŵߣԼò͵Ȼͱʦץ˸š
ʦ㣬ȥԼϴ
û˵̫꣬ިѾȥ
ʦ㣿ʶԣʱֽ˷ס
ʦղҪͬʦһȥ޲ħӡôôֻһ˻
ϵѪһѵʲôⲻɣ
뵽æ̫ިһ·СеҶǰˣ

ڣ̫ިڴϣҶվһԣɫࡣ
Ҷǰʦû°ɣѼ飬Խģ̲סѯʡ
ĹȣδˡҶش
˿ǰ⸱飬һΪʦʲôˡ
ҶɫԾһɳ̫ި֪ʲô
Ҳڷֺһˣʦôڣ
Ҷ³һץ̫ިС㲻ܿƵ
ʶʲôֻ˼ʦ֣
£ҶץеתͫŨرŰ֮⡣
Ҷһݣʱɿ֡
Ȼβһ˦˵ǽȥ
桢𾪵Щϲ£졣ʦԭ˰
ĬĬؿһۣվû˵ʲô
Ҷ¿ź䣬⡣ƿնȥȴֻƬ¼Ŀ̺ۣδƿ
ڵһطӡ֮󣬼Ƕ龳Ҷ£Ҳ޷˵ࡣ
ÿҶɫƺѾָҪ뿪˵ۣѲ֡
ϣвϢ뿪
ЩȻʦ֣ʲôᡭ
οŽòãǾʹôȫ
Ҷ鲻ʲô仯ֻÿ
ɢޱƣеţİɣⷬ£ֻͳһ׭Ѻ̫ިǰ
֮Уϵ̫ިۼҶн⽫Ҫ֣ơ
ޱ𣬽УתǿҶȫһµĽ⡣
һţҶ¼һգۿ̫ިħΪ֮
Ρ̫ިվƽ
ؽΪأڴҶ¼Ϊȵ
̫ިһߵסǰɽʯΪ촷ۣѪǰ·ġ
޴ܿƵСۼŷȥ뿪̫ިʮңͱȵ˻統ճԼ֮ʱ
ˤ̫ިУС˫֮ͫвãȻſδü³Ѫɫ̫ިѾմѪָС
ã𰡡
˻Σ˫ۣٴεȥ
̫ިҶ£ǣʲôʸɱ
ڵڣȹдżֱ䡣
Σһ˪ʮݣ֮䣬ۼƣм˱ȵϷ˪
ҶµɫʵЩÿһѵģδ̫ިΪʦ
гһΪ£ɵҶʵ
ᡣ̫ިһһ
龳ѹѹ£̫ިֱͦһ
һԵ̲סڵҶǰʦûʲô£ҪҲڰ
Ҷû˵Ȼ硣ǰһƬʬɽѪʧȥϢķ˵ڵ棬ȼ˳ŵҹɫ
ͷԼ˫Ѫȣġ
Щ޹֮ˣС
ħ֮ӣȻѸıԣɱһǰգ
Ҷҵȵȡ׼ܼꡣ
޳ִλн֮

ǵģˡ
ڶߣҶ±סͷŭһεˣѱƵɣǿסΡ
Ҷ̧ͷ̫ިȻعȻشͷ­ʦ𡭡
иʦ̵ӣ
ˣ
̫ިĨȥѪָۣ⸧Լе࣬Ụ

֮ƹ걳£ɽţ̲סпô벻ֵطɽŰ
ϡˣڴ˴У±롣
ôһ£Ϊôһ֪ǧɽˮʵؿһ
ڼֻ˳صСɽڣǰæһƬ壬°ͣطҲûкôɱͱĵط˺ܶࡣ
̤ɽţյһֻڸ¥Կ̷ĵߡЩʱյŬûа׷ѣһЩ򵥵ķѾԽŵɡ
꿴ֻãⳡ˼Цλѣ֪ÿܵöʯ
㿴һۣûлشԱŲŲûᡣ
껹˵ʲôڸİϢ̸
֪Ϊֳֽ䱸漴£
ȴûжֲˣÿֻʯ
ʯ֣Χð̹⣬ȿֺ
һӺͷرУãǸһϴ١
Щ壬̫ûˣ
ҭⱲùһ졣
̫ި߳һֻС䣬˫ͫƵꡣԹΣȷԼ뿪̫ިߣҲֻʱʵ
ò̫֮ި΢΢ü
һʦ㣬һﲻ֪ģСɽйҵͰץ
ʱйҷǹ߽˵ģ
˵գֿ̫ިԭҪ˵Ļ㿨˺
һʦʶ𰵵ãѵץˣ
ǵһμˣϻұϢķϣȽӽ⿪˵عæֺõЦЦ
̫ިףЦЦؿһۣʲô
ٺЦһðɣôһ֪ⲻ𡣡
̫ިϲʲô飬֪ûĻ
ɣ
곤̾һεðɣһϢӦõ⡣
֮ǰиȥ˶ݡһУҪȥңΪ£սҽʮع
̫ިɫ΢
֪£ֻǲ֪£ڴʱ
ǰĹϵܣʱΪƣԹ˲Ͼ£֪꾡
ֻǵãһ¥С
¥ս飬ɳӦսˣ𽡣
һۣʤˣۣ


86 
ҩ®֮, ̫ިȡ⣬עС
ǵڽ֮ʱֵĴۡ
, Сɽʵ֮УΪ̫ިƻڤĽҩ, ⡣
ΪϵΪĴܣʹ, Ҳɢ, ΪСɽ֮µл, 䲻ȫɢѾȫ
̫ިʱȱ, Ѱ
ʱ߶£Ϣе黺, ˼ʵ֮С
Сɽ˵Ļ̫, áЩ, Ϊǲʹȫɢؼ䣬תĿܡ
೤ĺ̫ި䣬, вԾֳ֮, ܳ, һܴ
͵ſڣҧȥ, ˭֪һ㱻̫ިס졣
ţǺܲлڣѲ̫ި
鿴̫ިк, ԭº͵Ŀⲻһȴû˵ʲô
ֶ̫ިЦСѡ
̫ި̧һ񣺡ǰ
ף̧ͷҩ®˼ǲڿռ϶С
̫ިͷ˴ΪСɽɽš
仰̲סֳЩ΢֮ɫ̫ިŵؽСɽɽţʵû뵽Լ֮ʱСɽɽѾؽ˴롣
ʶһɨѶΧȻء
ʱٶ꣬Сɽ䣬ʱѾ˲꣬ΣҲְٸнζ
ҴСɽλȳʦʦ㣬лСѡ鹪֣ص̫ިһ
̫ިãǰȣ񲻹ŵԣǰˡ
ЦЦûж˵ʲôĿٴڻΪԭεϣʵֻ֪СԺδ
̫ިԼֻʣܵ࣬ԭڵӣԼ
ἰڣһ漴ŵȷҲֻڣܲطӡ
ǰ֪̫ި̧ͷ
ĬƬ̲ſڵĻϢ飬Ӧ䡣
֮ϹŴܣڻ֮
ϾؽķӡͬʱҲһַʽڱȥϢ
Ȼ䣬е̫ިָǶԳĽϣҲЦɣҪ𡣡
Ҫ鿪ʵ
ǡ̫ިһ㣬Ϊ˵ĺܳһ£ڹ¼У֡ǰ֪Ϊλʧȥǡ
鿴׺ݵĺ쿪ڣԻעǿ󣬵д֮ǰӡһطӡ飬֮й¶ϰ֮ʱԼָܻʶ
Ļ̫ިԷ˷飬ֻΪ֮¡
Ҫʱ뿪Сɽ
𽽫֮ݣ̫ި޷ӲҲǰϪɣػһ½ƿصޡ
ҶʱʱңǸ߸ãοǰң뽫ߣҪһս
ϵնɱɣͥһ£ΪˮټԼӭ޾׷ɱ
̫ިûԴΪԼԪӤ֮󣬱ڲȥ磬Ǵ϶ΪҶ¸ȫ
û뵽ǰλʦá걧վһԣڻƵ̫ި
ǰҲΪɱˮɣͥɡ
ԣڴʦ߻ħɱˮ֮ӣ֪֮ȣ꾹Ҳ֮һ
̫ިûп䵭ֹ֪̫࣬ܲסˣ
еһĪ⣬ڨڨһλިƢǲôð
˵նɱɣ֮ͥʱΪ̶֮䣬ȻѽԪӤҲ֪ʵ˺εȵزôӦҲǻʿĶ֣Ҳ̫ˡ
̫ިƽΣһ
͵ĵطԽԶƱԽӷƩһȶӱֱӴ͵Ĵ󣬿ҪλڷĴֻʮչ򣬲˳Ρ
Ϊ㣬岻ǿᣬ߽ͨ״ʱҲҪҲǴڵõò㷺Եʡ
̫ިֻܴ͵ҹ⡣
ҹǳۣǰҪࡣ
ʦ㣬ʱѱŰ׺վһԣ̲סʵ
¼䡣̫ިص
׺мֲһʱ̫ިϵĺ͵ֱ˫ͫŰ׺Ǵź¿ڣŵͷѻУס
̫ިмĺԼУѵ㽫Ҫ֮㵱֮֮ǰ̡
ǰԵ̫ި˾
УߵøԶΨӱġ
ǡȻ
ѵļ򣬶̫ިЦʦģһúչСģ
ˣ
뵽Լñȼ磬˯ñȹı̲סĨһᡣ
ջϽʱΪĴܣαΣǽһ
̫ިؿһۣջĿ⣬飺ɽ֮£ǰġ
ºͣⱾҷ֮¡
һľȻҶ£̾һħδСչһ
Ҷħ£飬Ҳ޷ħ
ڣ̫ި㲻ص뿪ЩʱգСɽᷢʲôʡ
Ҷ̤봫У
ҹҹγǷйɫͶ£߿֮ΨзХ
̫ި۾֮УĿתķܻۣȺΪա
һ˫Ŀյĺԡ֮У֪˶ãɺ˫ֳ֮ͫ⡣
㰡
ԣζȫȻͬȫѪҺƺڷţųԵǰˡ
建󣬴ӵѶ̫ި
̶һռ䣬ѪʧЧ̫ިۣĿżֽ䱸
ƶӲƬᱡȹƤһֹŹֵս̫ިһ˲Ȼ
ͣ䣬.ǴϸѩɫǶԴ֮׵䱦һ¡
ʱ̫ިĵһͷȻҺʧȥ⼸ûҳԹʲôණ
ڵøƬ´޷ӵ⣬ʶȴ֪ܻԼȡ
Ķ̫ިҲʶʲôɫһʱ֮ЩŹ֡
Ȼûûԣϰ֮ͬ
֮꣬ͻᡭ
̫ިǲķϣΪһľ
ֻľڵԣûʲôЧıϢϣϢڣڶʱ˼
΢΢ѹ£ɢҪβ.
򴽣̫ިûƽ̧֡
ĳΣ޷ĺβһϡ


87 
ʮɿ֮, ǰʮ֮Уұһ
ǧǰǨˣԵɺ֮µõܴ, һ·ʿԴƽʢ, ꣬ѾΪȻ
, ӵܹˣϵ̸, һ壬Ҳ
ĸ׳֧ʧ, ֮츳ֻпɣвӡ
ʱȻܼ֧ӵ裬ڳ֮⣬δиۡʮ޺ڵԽ׽𵤣һ¡
ּ̣Ϊȫ, ܵ˸һۣ
ʱˣΪŮȣദһʱգ㺡֮ǲгԣܾŮִȡеķŮӡ
֮, ԭĳʧԴջء
ĸ״ӲΪ¸еڣһɪɾ¡
ѰĸǸ޷ķˣԣΪǵŮע̫ߡ
˵ϣʣ֮ͬУʤˡʣ⣬һܽԪӤ
Ȼϼѣûоž޵㾡ȫοڶ࣬β󲻵֮ƣʮֻҡ
бʤ֧꣬뼸պ㱻˰ˮʱСЩˮС
ˣǲ֧֮һö˵ҩ
֮ΪȻˡ֪ǱԼõķʽֱΪƽ̵ǰϣ𽣬ɳ콫ΪӣϪ
ÿ꽫һӵܶϻ棬Ҳ⡣
֮ʱһ¿
¥ױ߶߶ʦɽУӲ˳ڰͷлҲûȱ첲ȡ
ʱʱͷǿ¥ʦ̻У¥ʮ꣬ͷ飬ɽ
Ȼٱ֮ʱͷиҪ֮ǰϣνʮع
¥֪ͷʲôԹԼȻ֮㲻ôһ¶Ҳȥ졣
ɫΪڱΣҹһң𣬾ҹĻʢų̻
һҹ֮䣬֮˶֪и¥ʿҪʮ֮Ľʮع
ûöãڳѰ¥ټһ֪ĶðĽʿҲսҵʮعǲ֪ߵغ
˲¥һ֧ˣӦ¥úýѵһ
¥ʮع˫ȻԻþ֮ȣΪʾƽҲ̫
ͬΪ𵤾磬õʮع¥ǰŹһ̣漴ȫ¥µĻþ֮У⧲
Ϊ֮ϵ֧һȺ¥ԣȴУ޹⡣
ֻǴȻע֮˲Ϊ˼ϱ㲻ԴСɳΪԶʤ¥ĳԡ
ϾЩνңʱľһӡ
ҲΪԵʣǸʱ˰ɱ¥
˳ſЦ˲٣ȥ֤һܣνʮعҲͳЦ
ϼиŮ
һڵˣԪӤʿʮعгҲв
˶Ϊ֣ܳ¥ȻǶ֡ͱ¥ϲ٣Ҳ࣬ӮˣȥҲΪڸʤ֮䡣
ڴ£Ҳ۲ݡ
ֹգ¥ҡڵؽҵĴţֻ䳡ϵģΪ
¥ϲֳ⣬˵ѾԪӤΪǰŮͬԼһֻнΪˡ
˭˵Ҫͬұô¥ڣϴżɢЦ⣬ǶԽյıԲġ
Ŀ⣬ƽʤңʸԡ
ǰüĿЩȻ֮⣬Ů֮ǰҲ˴ѻɫĳ£Ͷ֮䣬Ȼ̫ިӰӡ
ǰǳʣھ֮󣬻Ϣظı¡
Ļ¥νʼ磬ǲʲôٶһˡ
ЩˣδĽپĻҲǴ
¥ɽ䣬߹ɽӺֹһ֮ĥ£Ҳûеս顣
ָ̧֣΢һ
䳡ϷҼŶŵˣ΢Щأ񲻹Ϊʤ¥
Եɫ񣬽ͷסֻмƻҰ׵ķ˿ڼϡµڣ˻ƣ¶˫ֿݵֻʣͷʤ¥ģֻ
ϵ˼ǣҲĶôҼɡ
Цһڻ𣿡
Ҽæͷʧԣ£
λ棬ռ֮ǿĴڣΪҲҪִ񣬹Դ
οҶҪ㸲˵ţЦ𡣡
ҼĿٴ·΢
ǰˣٺòĽ
ݾڣٶȽ·ƶ¡
ӹʣҶµΪһʱ̣㹻ӳƶɵ⡣
Žգжؽƣ޷׿̽Ρ
̫ިʲôҶȻָ̧֣ǰ£һȻ죬ҵĴž鿪
̫ިĬһ˲Ҳã˷ʱ䡣
Ҷ븮УشŵŵȶӷһĵҲûС
ʱڶѾ˴ϷڶŭηСҷ
̫ި֣ŷ׭ɳ֣ʮͬײһɫȹڷɫ䵭˿ɫ
ҵת˲ѾǰΪڽԪӤ֮䡣񾳽缰ϵʿڱչУһͻƣΣ֮ʱ¶档
ϵлʿҲʮˣʿˣһλ߰٣Ϊڶڣȴǿѻϵľ磬ͻƵĿܼС
ʱ̫ިģΪҲԪӤڡ
Ҷûг֣㾳ʿֵ֡
̫ިûҵˣʶɨ˲ϢѾ֪ڡ
ԣֳŭ֮ɫ漴֣Ҫ¡
̫ިֱ䳡ȥɫϮڽҪ֮ʱֳơ
ױơ
Уϣ˯̫ި֮ǰµķ˯ࡣ
̫ި̧ǰҶԺһ棬ټլ֮У֮һɫࡣ


88 
ôһ, ȻûŮŲһֻ涪ֲңڴ˴ûˣ鲻
, ѵΪвɣɫ̫ިǰ, ڵ
ΪУ̫ިǰ֮, һֵ֡
򣬶ûʸǰ֡
ʿɫ, ֳðʢŭ֮ɫݲ, ƽʢ˴Ҫмӡ
ǰŮἰ, ôûм˸
վסʿ, нӡ˷ҪúýѵѵС, ֪ʲôǹأ
һ޴̫ިչ, ⽻֯, Ҫԭء
ҵĸլ֮, Ȼڶơ
ֻ̫ިԣЩ, ȴסġ
, ϸĶ, Ȼһ֮
ʿδӦ̫ިٴθĶƣ, һ
޷ʿƷɣһ·ɨɽʯľײԺǽ֮ϣڵڵء
ۼһĻΧ˾ηؿŮǲһ
ŴԲѵʿѵĿڣȳһѪȴǲٶֻ֣ɵؿ̫ި
ͬΪԪӤʿԼȫȻĶ֡
ȴǳһЦﻢ֮ʱһºŮݺҶ£תԲ
֪ǰдܣ¡
úÿ˶ã˱һ˾ޡֻͬ˿
̧̫ިһЦλʹˣΪ£
˴Ķ䳡еҼҲˡ
¥ⳡԣǰۿһʤҰ˳Ե¥ջΡ
Ȼٲ뿴Цˡ
ǽ䣬ʮعҪ̳ˡ
ǲ̫ިǰҼҲǰֻǰ¶ˡ
ҼԼŮǷģ񣬶ߡ
Ѱˡ̫ިĿϣʲô¶ȡ
ǰӦûм𷢱֮ǰҾʧ
ѰˣЦⲻģüϡм֮
𽡣
̫ި߹ͷȥЦ΢ɲصЩ
֪밢𽣬ʲôϵ
̫ިûлͷ̫ˡ
Լ˵㲻ˣһʱҲЩʧ֪˵ʲôźá
ΧߣѵǾڵˡ
·ͻȻڲ֪ǡ
ֹ̧ס˵ĻʼմǳЦ⣺¥ԣǰԼӦµģֲˡ
ѵȥ𣿡˲޵
ҶµıӰãֻһλܣȥӦ
ȻסǱ㲻
䳡У龳ĴܣȻֻͬΪܵܶԸ
䳡ѱþ֣һƬޱ޼ʵĺҹΧ־߱ҲһƬĪеĻС
ҼƽףʵױܿǰþȻᱻƻ
ǰԭڲ׾Ҽ̾һЩϧʮع裬֮ʱİȼˡ
Щ֪ϤһӮ¥Ҳʲô
Цһȴû˵ʲô
þ֮УнŲԶõҹɫͻأ
ҼӵѶüܡ
ڶܣΪŵ֮⣬һλŮϡĲǾ֮ˣֻ˭ˣ
޾ڰ֮У̫ި̧֣Ƭ̣ճɷĿǿ˺Ƭõҹɫ
Ƭ֮У̫ި̧ǰ뿴ȥдϼ־֮ɫ
£Щˡڣ˻ȫȻ̫ިµĿסҶ¡
Ҷû̫ިԣһ£Գ֮ɫ
Լһ̫ި䣺ȴ֪ʵڷ
˵գǵ֣̫ިץ
˳룬ܺú̸
ҶµĶ죬ֻݹǵ֮ǰһӣնȥ
һƥĽƿնѸӦ
ͫ΢æջأȴһ˲ֻ϶һɼǵ˺ۣѪ£ڵ棬оȻ̺ſɲ
ΧɴһԭҼλź۵Ȼλ֮һȫ
Ŀ綾ߣǶڵΪΪ˽ˡ
ֵѵҶµһƬľȻջֻ֣һ£ڳҲһ˸С
Ҽһ桭
תѪֹס˿ȴδϣĽ˿֮Ű
£ɫȴ
Ҫߡ̫ިҼҪ
Ҽվˣ˵ȴǺ޵
˴ңݲڴΪⳡԣҲҪи˽ᣡ
ҵĵأ뱾θɡ̫ި˹ǣżּЦ⡣


89 
⻰һ, ʱһƬȻɫڶôиվҵĵ, ͬҼ˵, δй
ζĿ򰵵ͶҼķ, ڳ뿴Ц, ʵڲ١
䳡еһ϶¶֮ɫŮ˭δҲ̫ˣң
̫ި̤֮䳡ҲһԻϲʲô, ˷ֱ治ϲŭ
ԲѣŮŭ, һΣλѵΪƾһλܣڴΪɣ
Χ˷׷Ӧ, û, ҺŮ
ҼȻҲ̫ިĻòᣬԶʤСǲ¶ʲôŭɫ, ڣҴ, ҲҪûı¡
£ܽ, Ӱ䳡һһ϶ľơ
龳Ĵܡ
һ˲ҵĶʿͺһҶϮ
Ҷվԭأɢ޷紵, ̧ͷԭľȻѵֳɫѻĶ飬Ҳڱǰ֡
˺⣬˶ǿǿнģΪ˶׽٣ǲ֪˶ٷ
Ķ飬Ҷ¿߹һ㡣
ƺ˼֣̫ިｻұǡ
̫ިҶµʵģӦһתþȥ
¥ڻþ֮У뽫˴ߣҪƿþ
ʿҶƽֳӰڽӰ֮ʱһսĽϯ
ֻǶʿôĽ⣬̲סڣдη

¥Ǹθߴ󣬳ĬԵĸǸʶʲôֵѰŮӡ
Ȼûʲôʶһ˻ѡ㾡Ҳƣұ˹ϵ¥ȥõԺ
ԺзǸĴӵܱ¥δԵЩ롣Ժģǲӣ޷еѰˡ
С
˵һ㣬ܷݵأɽ¥żҲΣԼܳΪ߻Ρ
ʼֻΣѰķˣô̤;
Ǹ¥ϣչ©ϣеŸҶ̬С
¥С͵Ůվ£һֲȹѣҲɫ
¥ۣЦ𽣬ϪˣиҴʲôóԵģ
¥ڼҵã˳Ƶ÷
ŮͷһÿյǵģҲֻгˡ
ҲԺһְˡ¥ϳ̾
εؿһۣеϪдЩһͰŴ׸
¥۾ʱ˵Ϫһ㣬Ȼ֪ң
˵ţ
ɫŮУдߣڽһֻɵĺ㡣
̫ިͣŮǰ˼ϢŲʲô̧ͷ
ڿ̫ިòʱ򣬰һ˲Ȼ૵ǡ
ԼǰûмǰˣΪʲôϤ
̫ިƽڣ𽣬ˡ
а𽣬𽡭˭
𽡭
֡
ɱ¥ʶҪƭԼ
ⳡþУ¥ˡѣУ÷Ĺ
ƾ֣ҪԼӵеһУնЩ󡪡֣ɱ֮ˡ
ֻԶڻþ֮С
ǰΪƳþ¥ȥ˫Ŀɱⳡþ֮Լ֮ˣ÷İ𽡣
һҲͲڡ
𽵹֮ʱ¥Ҳѹȴ˿
Ǽ٣ȴ档
¥֪ԼˣʮعȻ顣ȥһ̣ħ
һʤҲ׷¥
˭
𽡭ǡ
ǡң
һʱֲȹѵŮһֻһƬ
Ŀ̫ިϣһ䣺ʦ㡭
΢΢⡣
Ծһࡣ
𽳣ΪԼʦҲˮΪ׷ɱҪڡ
û뵽̫ިټǴʱ˵ء
ҵվ㣬Լѹһϡ̫ި俪ڣΪʵ޲ɼ
𽴹ͷʦ㣬Բ𣬵ұô
Ψˣܵõص¶֥κزİ
̫ިؿһۣǲһƭְˡ
ƭ̧֣Ŀ⣬ΪĪĿ־ȡֻǲ²⣬ҲЩ
ص֮ǰĸĸѾˡ
ĸֻѰˣ޷У𽳤ʮղ٣ĸͱ࣬ȴģһһĸӡ
ԱĸѲӸвҵ֮ʱΪ֧һö˵ĵҩ
ȷ֮һö֪·ĵҩܰ쵽ġ
öҩԣĸ׻ʱֻһ߱ʬ塣
ὣҪɱ˺ƭԼ˵꣬길Ϊ֧ˣΪױ㽫¡
ֵҼǰһŮӵֻҪ길ȡʯ޷Ϊֻعĸ֮£Ѫ
֮ʱνˡ
ǰΪӵ𽣬δ㸲һˡ
¥ĳ֣Ҳˡ
ΪĸԸӭս¥ұĸײأ丸ҽĻԡ
̫ިе֪֮ʱνԭءֻʣһƬߵĿհףʧ֮ʣΧþʼһ⡣
䳡ϣ¥͵˫ۣҲһԼ
ԭʮعô
ʵȫȻþʵЩ¡
𽣬ΪλͻȻֹ˻þʱѾϾ
䳡һƬǽ壬¥ͷô£
ʿںǰ϶˴ССʮ˿ڣŽ֣ʿϣҶǰҲ·硣
ҵĶܣδҲ̫ûЩ˽ҼУŭ֣ȴܷ
˾ǴӺζ
̧ͷҼʵʼҸĸڣ
ʳ仰ʱҼɫ΢֮£վ˱
˵ʲôǰһ𽡣
΢ɣ㣬ҵĸĸ񾿾ںδ
ʱˮЩ֮ʱҲãһԼİ㡣
ûлشͣǰ̾һ𽡭
̫ިǰŮӣ䵭
ɲ֮䣬һڵذУֱǰ
ȫû뵽ôͫ΢΢Ŵ˶
̫ި䣬һʹǰذױˤڵءӦ̫ިָ΢գ㱻˳ȥˤڵϡ


90 
ڵ, ѪӿͬΪԪӤʿǰͻȻҵŮһܱԼ
ʵ, ֪źɡ
δü, ̫ިַסܼѨ, һʱȫʧá
΢΢ЩڣҶһӦλܣӦϾ˼˴, źȻ, 뾹ױСԼһصŮס
ҼһĻһɫ
Ȼʧˡ
Ϊʲô𽿴ʵ
һֱԼ׽, ңԼĸĸ׽ľ
ϲֳ֮ɫЦЦз֮, ԵΪǡ
ս֣Ц, ϳǺ⡣
ٿ, תͷҼҵ, 𣿣
ܲ, Ҽɫѿȵ𽣬ǰ, Уɻ֪Լݣ
ֶӸµؿ𽣬Ϊϡ
һֱĿ⣬в˿ɫعҶǲܻش𣬻ǲһش𣿣
ĸĸ
ʦԣѾ
ұûжôĸ飬˴ʱ˿̣ĵԹ
ץݵָצһ󾢷硣
̫ިֻ̧ɫķĳΣӭϿݵƣ˲仯飬ҲɹĶһ˲
ʱҶȻϵֹסƣֽ˳ȥ
ʿʱ֣ס
˴ʱֻʲôףĲ²Ȼ档
ˣǼɱ𣿡ỬգЦһĿɨڳˣ
䳡еˣ𽸸ĸ֮ˣصЩʱգηϣη度ĸ׵ˣûһ˿ϸ֪ĸࡣ
Ϊ䣬Ҽһĸֵͬܡ
游Ŀھϣսȭ
ʼҸʲôζʵ
Ҽһ־壬ҪɱˣбӦ
־壿ʵھúЦ᲻֪ҰҪɱ䣬Ұﶪ
˵仰ڳ˲Ŀ⿴꣬η˶㡣
Ұгʡ
ûУ񻹺úվ㻹ĸɱҰᣬһһ䲻κ𷣣Ϊ׵ܵĶӣѧӹµΪУҲҰݹصö࣡
ƽǱڲڹµ˽Ȼ¶ǰ˲ⶼ޹⡣
㲻ϧҸĸҽĻԣƭҲμӽⳡԣΪϵļ˽ӣ±ӣΪһ֮
ҼһСָűܵͶߣŭ쳣
ԭ㲻ʲôڴͥ½¶ض顣
˵Ϊ˸ƫ˽Լ׵ܵѪû
Դްˣ㻹ˡ
˱һСҲ߲ѡ
ɫУҼɫҶڳѶ𽶯֣ȡ
ǿʼĩ¥Ҽɺû뵽ҲʵãƷҲʵڲΰ
̫ިһۣѾϳ¥
ΪǸϹӣǸ緢ꡣ
ǰ¥һҲδ߳ĻþϹ˫۵Ĵˣż̯׬öʯ
̫ިʱ
̫ϣ֮ʳ̫ϲǣ֣ҪòĸΪȡ֣ި
ϱֻ̫ިˡ
¥Ȼ֪ǰ֮£̫ިĿ⣬ֻЩ졣
Ǻ
ˣɽʱûҲҲһʯʱԼһʯĲǰŮô
ҲǾʶˡ
𽿴϶õѾʲô飬ֻ׹䡣
סһ˲ϸĲϡ
𽣬ңԼûлվġ֮䣬ȴ̹Ȼ˿ҡҪɱң
ȻǵáƽҲҪ
˵գ̧ͷҼ֪ԼԣŮҪҪ
ɱ㽫佻
У׹أ֮Ρ
ҼɫֳһɲңŮۼУʮֽš
УǰٴС
ĸףȻԼĶӡ
ûֻ˻佻
òЩʱˣҪ棬Ҳ
οôвɱǡ
ɫɱ𽣬վ
ԸҼûԥ΢һ䣬ǰĸ˱ˤһԣǰ˰
ûжˣҼջ֣˹ȥ
ˤڵϣӣջס֣תĿ˲㴩͸Ҫ
廹ǰ̬ѪȾĿ½ŵصȥ
Ҽʱ֣Ȼߣ˳𽶯֣Ҷɨһæȥ
䵹Ѫ֮УһԸ˱ſޣĿдſ̹ǳޡ
ֻʣһƬľȻ̧ͷһ̧һУذС
Ŀϣսذף̽ԼĿڡ
һ㵱վ֮
ӽҶټݣ
̧ͷڳˣѻɫĳɢڷУˮȹΪѪȾ͡
ȡŵƻ촷ۡ
ڣ֣뾵κθϵ
뵱̫ިͬ뾵ڣǲϣԼ֮ǣڡ
ˮǿѹ£ڱѹòףԼôΪС
ذףȾѪĶذˤڵأһ졣
ԣЦãҾǣ
Ŀɨ̫ި
ƾ㣬ҲвҶСɽ̡
Ҫ˺أ֮ʯƵѡ˻δü壬Ȼնºұۡ
ҽһ˺Դӽ֮δܹصˡ
ʦ㣬ٰһæ̫ިңҸĸʬǴߡ
̫ިιһöҩ¥չ˺
ʲô¥һĪؽס𽡣
˵ʲô̫ިҼĸʬǺڡ
ЦصĹ֮С
̫ިһۣתȥҶ»󣬼ˣ¥Ҳæȥ
Χ֮˲ԾһĿھηҸһ˸ҳ


91 
, ˫ۣɫΪʧѪԵЩ԰ףǲ, һجΡ
, ջ䣬д塣
ĿڴһʹִµһĴʹ֮ǰһжֻԼһþ
Ϊ, Լǽʿ, ּʱµҩ, ҲҪղָܻ
֮, ڴ, þûж, ɫֻһƬհס
иĸ谮, ײδ̫, ˾, ΪŵӣԽּãھʲô˳֮£в⻹ż档
ֱΪоαװΪŮԽ, ΪǺޣȥɣͥߣڵԿϲпʵһǡ
̫ިΪҹ¶¥ɱɣͥΪˮ׷ɱ, ڣûʮɽ
һҹǱУ̶䣬ΪѾͻ˽𵤺ڡ
ΪԼѾ֮ˣȴû뵽ĸ֪ʱ˫˫
Լܹǿһ㣬ǲǾͲᷢ£Լ㹻ʵұ㲻ǡ
˫Ŀ֮нʧȥ⣬Ĵ
ˣŶ¥ҩѾڴƷгš
̫ިҶ¶ڻΪԭΣǻңΪ̫ި˯
֪ŵҩڰҩѡȻֻпȥе¥
ͷȫȻûע⵽
¥һ߶ľ
Ƭ̺ڻعתͷĬؿǰꡣ
¥ҩǰûἰħ£ֻʦҰҩȻôҿԿƵĻЧӦû
ʦ㡭
˶ӹҩһɬҩȴκα仯
¥Ķ̾һվû˵ʲô
ΪʮعӰ죬֪Լʶһգ޹ϵȴ̲ס
ҩͷӿһ⣬ٴγ˯ȥ
¥⣬óһ˳ֲ˲ҵ
Уͷȥ֮ף
Ҫù˰¥ͬĵüͷǺǻĵù
̫ިͬҶ¥¥ǰѣһǷһԣҪ㣿
ɲǵֻʯµˡ
˵Ѿˡ̫ިص
¥ֻһͷˮϻҺû
ǰ˴գȷԼ֮ǰ̫ިֻһ档
ʱ̫ިѾĺ̽͵¥ſ졣
̫ިסŵ죬׽˻಻ĵؽһûٶ
Եһطӡ⿪֮ԽԽǿ̶̼ռɱⶴʿ
ǰ̫ި֮ʱΪѾԶʤ̫ިȻҲδԭκڷӡ֪Ҳ֪ǹԺζ
̫ިѾ޷ǿжԼ֮ʣ̫ިз
¥ֵ࣬裿
һ¶
ද֣֮ǰ̫ިʱУϸϣƬĵѩԳһ㲻Ϊ֪ɫ
಻Ĵβ̫ިһ¥
˵ˣβҲ
У𽻹ڰ˯̫ިһöɽߡ
ӳĹ֮Уȡ˸ĸź
ػһ̫ިԸıܶ£кܶ£վصޡ
˳Ͼ䣬ǲĿͣפϣ̽ǰ
̫ިԣǰıӦˣ˵
߳ţ̫ި¥ͬȥʱ˻Ӧǡ
¥ָԼȻЩ⣺Ҳȥ
Լܰҵ׷ɱ̫ިʡ
¥룬ҵʵڲΣնô棬ضҪԼйߣȻûѵİգα鷳أȶһʱ˵
̧ͷӦ£ڴӦͷҲˣȥҲ޷
¥̫ިĿ⣬ϵĺʾһ㣬߰β͡
ҫ¥Щͷԡ
ڶգصۡ
Ǻݣ֮󣬱̻ӻҵûʸ̻ۡ
˾֪ǵȥҶڣҲֻؿǵۣ
̶̼֮ռ䣬ҳһЦ
ҲͰˣ֣Ȼκβǲ֪Ľޣȥǿж֮β˳
ɨأлͣµ͵ࡣ
֮Уʧһֱ۵ĺɫ԰ףҶµĽƥǶܣҪָƣҲһյĹ
û¥ıУƱ˿գҪ¿̣̽ΪѰһ
̻ỵ̂һػΪǿաǳÿһ̶ڱ仯ڵ棬ת֪̽ÿһ仯ϵ亹ԽԽܡ
⡭ǡ
˫Ŀھ֮ɫĽѣϡ
ҪȴȻһΡ
Ĺ֮ȻޱȡһѱŮĹŹƺżصɣëȻ
嵹ȥڿ̽ʱҲߵ˾ͷ
Ͼ޴̽


92 
պ, ҵڡ
ڵ֪֮͵վƷϵĲյ
̵Ĳˮһ, վԭأǺεŭɫ´ڰ, ҾҴѶ׷ɱ𽣬δ̫
ҵΪҾ߹ɣ
ݫi·侲ˣתءˮ常ʱҽ񡣡
ҾµӶסڲݣ˵ʵ
֮º㷢Ĳ·ڶΡ
ݫiֻһƬҪɴ, Ҫ̡̳
䭶Ŀ, һʱ˵Ǻζ
ã䭲ų, һһΣҶڵ׷ɱ𽣡
, ұ㽻Ӧɡݫiһ
, Ϸ䭹һ˳ȥ
ֵ, ݫi߳µʱ, з׷ѩƮ䣬̧ͷƮһƬ
ɽѩ, һ궬
Ҿ˰Ůֻ˭
ݫiǳЦ⣬һ꣬Ϊн棬߾жܻҡ
Խһֿ߳ݫiЦÿǶġ
ݫiЦⲻģһߣʥŮ⻰ʵЩ˰
ԽЦһƤˣҪܱ仰˵й
̧ͷֻϵЦᷳ
ᷳʥŮҪһ̡ݫi߹Ͼйͬĵˡ
ˣˮǰϪʥŮǵøµˣм
ԽɫȻ֪
ھΪϢ֮ʱ̫ިѾϪС
ȾЩ׵ľڷƮҡ֮дִʿ켣УЦ̸֮дɵɢޣʵ΢̤;
̫ިһ°ȹȥ⴦۵ľʵڸ롣֮УȴһͶĿ⣬Ծɱž̳Ը̸ۡ
Щɢ޾߲𵤣̫ިԣҪɱǵĸ֪ʲô¡
ڽ£̱ǰ֪Ҫʲôƣ
̫ިһǽϹҵľƣٲ𡣡
۾ʱˣٲǾƣû뵽ǰλѴѰȴǲʯ
ɢûűӻҲޣýһٲġ
ɿӦһʱ㽫ƺ˿кæ¾ƺڵشǰȥ
̫ި̽ϣŵ㣬β;˾յͷ̫ިʾ⡣
̫ިüƺյС
ˮЩǣ͸Щ΢
񲻹೤һͷ˾յС
һ̣͵ֱ˼֮Ա
ڿһɣȪθڵ࣬ôȵ´ֲƵĵƷơ
Ǳģ̫ިһĨǳȡ
ǰǰǱǰҲȫ˪ϡ
ˮĵӣôͻȻϪֺ˳Сĵѹͬļɢ޵ǲһƧײԸ̤𣿡
ˮԽ޼ɵһ΢ӣƼ֮ˮԸֶ°ϰʯ⣬ˮŨüܻʵʣеطܱȵϡ
˭֪ءŮ˵һֱȥϪɣΧײ˽
£δҲ̫Եˣ߷߲ƽԭǾͿڵȡ׬Щʯֶȥˣ
Ůæס֣ˮĿڶ࣬飬ѵǲҪԼ𣿣
㬱죬ɫлڷ
ҿˮ£Ϫ⣬ֻǳʲôɿ˿ڣ͵ü塣
̫ިָã
ǰ֮ʱбˮУŵؼգ֪Ϫ⼸便ʲô
֮ʱ߷ɿӹһ⡣
ԽԽķ׹£ڵϣһ졣
вһͶȥĿ⣬ֻȾѪʿˤڵϣѵķƬ
Ȼһʿȴһ˿ڡ
󣬻һʿǰߣʵѣɻã
ǴϪġ
ûлشϴССв˿ڣѪȾ£ǳ١ʿңȡһö鵤
ӺδΪλǱ
»鵤ɫԺЩ϶뼸λǰڵɱޣˮǰַ뿪
˵ˮûмʱ˳˵̲סս֣û뿪ʿΪˮӵ
ǰЩûбɢޣһɱҴǰһɶݵķҲӵó
Ȼɫֻ
ˮΪ֣Ƕţֻ˵αȵοֵıʣҲǣǡ
ˮ˲ɱʿħкηֱͷ̻ȴһĸҽ⻰˵ڡ
̫ި鲻仯ָǰԥһ˲ǹԹС
վ̫ިöʯϣȥڳʿԾغĴڡ
ԽϪɣɫˮӷʿԽԽࡣ
֣ǰԶϪɣǳˮıʣ̫ިҲ˼ƻ
̧̤ѾΪˮԳĵ֡


93 
, Ƿƻ𣬺ɭȻƿն𾢷, ҶƬƮ䣬̤֦һ졣
òѰʿƴǰӴ, ӣѾ˺ľԵٶҲ
֧͸, ֹסȥƣͷ, ̲ס־֮ɫ, ɫ̣建ȥ
Ůų, ñ𣬵ס˴ϸߣ¶һ˫ŲпЦۡ
ӹǰٷУɢ, ˹У
Ů, Ӹµؿŵص, ̬߰
ѪȾĿڣڵҶϣȾϸĺ졣
Զ, Ͳһʬ壬еϪɵӷ
һȺŮЦһгӸҵĻⵤֻƤëп, ϧϻˣձҪƤëá
ˮǰ֮ʱǽ֣ԼУӡŮһڻ֮о߱ԪӤΪһʱδ³
ŮΪ֮вԪӤڵĳУΪΪˮŮɣƳ²ӣҲٳֵķ
£ʮˮӦ漴ɢѰٳټ
¹޲ֻӴܣȺˮǰ˵޲ΪΣֻҪزᱻ׽ȥ
̫ިУ˷ǰϪɣҶûС
һºݶڰп̽ҶµĶһλ֪ĶܣԲмӰ졣
̫ިʱҶ·ֿǰϪɡ
ǰһµˮ̤Ϻ¶һ˷Цݣﾹһ©֮㣡
Ϊ̿ͣҪѧĵһ±Ϣ̫ިʱ粻ʿԼΪֻΪˡ
ⵤУҲʿ˽ǰ
ˮ˵غ󣬽һʿΪԭеĶҲȷɢӣ䵥ҲѰ
ˮֱֱ̫ިֻΪ̤Լᶪ˰
ϧ̫ިǡ
߸ߵڰգϻδüЦѾΪ˿Ҵ͸Ҫ
飬ˮŵؿѾߵŮзǺǵȴ˵
£ҶƬ㣬ϣס˿ڡ
Ϊ˲壬ҵصתʱȥ
̫ިջ˿ƣɫ˿ϻ伸Ѫصָ⡣
ɣƳһ⣬ڵԵĻˮӡ
ץһֻƤë׺ţзвĺϧ̫ۣ֮
ܾ츳ʲǿֻ˵衣
һͱСŮЦʦȥֺλŮӵĻģ
ЦһˣֲֻĻģӡ
ԼΪԶʤɣƳҲûеӶԸŮ֡
Ϫɵ£Ҧʦֱ㹻ˣһʿۣʲôŮ̲סԹΪ·ҪǲŻ˷˲ʱա
ձգҲЩʱ䡣˭ϪɵϢǸɣƳܣҲҪһݹ͡˵ţóץ޵ֽ׺˽ȥĵЦ
ΧֻȥϢޣЩŮԣ츳׺ͬЩ޳ûʲôֵ
̫ިǰһתͷȥĿ̲ס¶־ɫ
һΪⵤֵʿѾɱˣ뻹иءŮЦ̫ިǲ⡣
عҲЦã˷ˣΪ׸Ҧʦ֣Ȼܸˡ
ˮӷ׷׳ǣЦ̸֮䣬ȫȻ̫ި¡
Ļ̫ި鲢ޱ仯ǰһεն塣
˿ƿնǱڿУɫһ䣬δüӦѾ˿ҽɱ̫ި߹ȹǱ
鷢̫죬ۼ굹£ڳˮӽһȻʲô
һ̣̫ި
Ůһˮˣǻòͷˣ
̫ިĽŲδͣ£ǰ⻹δǰѾڵ˿֯һƬױոǰˮ
ԪӤʿŮʧе
֪̫ިԪӤʿǾ׶֡ţֻΪŮǸΪ΢ССɢޡ
ʶһ㣬ˮͣסֻ̱ͬӡ
˿Ⱥ͸Ҫһһӿˤ䣬˲ûϢ
̫ި̤ѻĵҶڶʬԣµˮӡ
ָ΢ס׺鿪ʪ˫۶̫ި֪ǲϳ
͵ͽ׺תͷ̫ި෴ķȥ
պһƮҡɣƳսһϤʬףü
ˣæǰ
ϳʬ˭ɣƳмˣҦµˣȻⵤΪߵģҲͷԪӤްˡ
ʱ̫ި߳һϮ˳Ⱦƴ
ĿϣɣƳԾսޣֳŨɫ漴ָ̫ިɱǵҪϻʮ˵
ˮԥ̫ިϮ
ɣƳ綼ΪԪӤڣϪţΪҲֻԪӤˡˮͷӦԻɣƳƽ
ƫƫԵģ̫ި
ۼΪߵ£ɣƳֳ֮ɫ
ӣ̫ިһŮ׹䣬ڵϷ˼ȦǱ
£æץԼŸ̧ͷ
㣬ʲô̫ި̧ǰɣƳŵؿٲ֮ǰ裬Գ̬
Ҹ׿ǵˮңݱ֮أ
ڷң㻹һڣɣƳɫ
̫ިһϲвοˮˡ
ˮѪ𣬲һ׮
ΪɣƳҧ˴ѾȻ֪̫ިŹԼ˵ǷΪʱ䡣
һ̺ӴƵ̫ި̧֣зĳΣס
ɣƳж̫ި֣ϿҲڷ½
ɣƳϻвٷ̫ިóĻᡣ
Ů˵ʲôȻһѪۣɴ۾ǲԼ׶
ˮӽֵԳȴ뵽ԼҲΪ
ϸ£䣬Ůò¶ڿУϣ˼Ƭɫۡ
ʿΪԽ߱ԽãˮʮŮȻ
Ϊһ㡣
̫ިʰߣϡ


94 
ٵڵ, ƤëͷҶΪһ壬ʮˮڸ֪, ɿ˴
ڵɢ, Ů£˫ĿգϢЩ΢
, µˮֳɫӵ徹ȻѾùⵤˣֻԪӤ޲ΪҵΧӶݶȥ
ɣƳϵһ߽һ׻ɱԪӤڵʿ, ֮
ŮԶһˮӵʬ, һ߲쿴ơ
΢С˿, ˿¡ֻһѰʿȻˣǴ̿͡
װŮӽŮ, ʶɨһãԼΪ֮, δˡ
ɣƳ, Щ˱Ҳѻˡ
ã˴ȴ̿ʬ, ѵѾӶˣüӵ˹ӵĴ̿ΪԪӤϡ
ŮӿΣ뿪ֲǽҪ֮, ȻδزǴ̿Ͷ֣ӵİΣǽҪ
Χʮͷ˷ԣŮӱߵŮ˷ɿ򵤷ȥ
ȴ֪ǿд̿ͣߡ
ɣƳˮѪĸҲ壬ȴ㸲ۣΪԵʣʾˣ߻Ҳ˼ݡ
ǰΪ̿ͣζݸĻò̫ިҲ֪һ
̫ިɣƳα޼֮ģɣƳϢЩһʱδ쳣
ȻΪ˲ˮЩ򣬲ŽɣƳڸǣƲϨ
һﴩ֣ܿصϪڡ
Щʱգˮ˶Ъ˴
½ƿµĸ½֮òŴøҦɣƳϪסĳϵҲ롣
ˮԵϪȴҷǰ֮ڣв̤һϪɶڡ
ϪΪߵģΪ̫ϳϣˮϣѻʯ
˸⣬ˮɽʿռݶɽʿİ޼ɵĵ
ˮ˴ǰȷϪɶϴҪϢҲϪɵϱˮ
ԳԣɷҪὫϢѹ£
ϪԭҲ㣬ȴźһڳϣ¸֪ˮ
ϢɣƳˣϪŵ״ӣ
ǰݾеǳߪԣ½ƿºھڵĳԣΪ֮ǰ½ƿУֲѣδͨ
ˣԼʦΪϪŵ½֮յͬ½ƿµһȥˮ
½ƿѽϪǰʽõýڲڶʿУޣվûܹڶҲЩ
ʱʸɣƳ
ԭɣƳԼˮ󣬿ϧ޳룬ɣƳȻӦıգֻȻϪɡ
֮ϪɵºȻֳϢҪΪ״ӣҲ֪£㴫Ѷ֪ɣƳ
ûãɣƳˮˣ漴ܷײ˳롣
Ůӱ̫ިϪ壬ӭŴҦ
һ˫ۿ֮ʱ˸оǱŵĶ߶ϣʪ
ŮôˣҦڣżּ⣬ĪǱеˣ
ɣƳ°裬Ҧˮ󣬻δ壬ǡŭ޹ǣӡ
Ҧˮҩ£ҩˮʵȨΪص״ӣҦˮĵλΪ΢ôӵɣƳࡣ
ɣƳϾǸ֮ŮҦ֣ܶڴˮ
ÿμɣƳٲ˻䳰ȷ䣬ɣƳɫ䣬ƫƫҦѾ׵Ķ
Ůһ񣬵ͷߣд̿ͳûŮգ໤ŵƽ
ͬΪԪӤʿŮȴҦϹϾ
ҦԲüɫ˷֣ݣ˸Υˮ֮ɣ
Ůû˵ʱҲ˸ڲ֮ڶˮŮ֣ʵˡ
Ҧһֻۣʮ˶ɣƳ߻ȴԼЩˮӡ
ɫʵأ
׷ҦˮӣΪ֮䣬ҲڵԣɣƳĻʵǱΣա
Ů̬䣺ڵС
㾹ҽ֮ˣҦŭ
ҵǹӻȻԹӰΣΪȡ
ҦɨŮһۣȥЩˮӼȻ׷㲻ܲǵպлмԸ¡
ŮӵüΪÿ·ߺ󣬲űɣƳصŴ֮С
ʱϪóҽĳϱ㱻ǿȷɣƳ£ֻľʱ
Ҫ߶壬ȷĴ
źϣ»˳ȥбֻʣŮһˡ
ϣ̫ިۣ˫
̽ͷߣ̫ިβͼ⣬΢𴽽ǡ
ûã֪ɣƳ岻ݣŴ
ΣˣŮһʵ
ǰ̣ȫϵλˮŮϡ
ϴżЦ⣬ǰϼºͲ٣֮żС˵־ģ
Ů䵭ؿһۣȻԵûʲôøУ䵭صΣ̽
ҷͷ˵ǡ


95 
֮, һϪɵʩչΪˮ֮ϴɫôÿ
ôҲ̤;ʿȴͬˮһ, ܺܡ
û뵽ʦ, Ȼ½Ϣˮ󣡡
㻹ʦ֣ŮԿڣԹ, , λǳһʦ֣
Գʸˮ֮Ů, ҲмϪˡ
ĪĽȥֺӦüŮ
ЩʱҲΨֺĵӲЩ¡
ʦ, Ҳ˼ڨڨЦЦ
ֵˮ, ֺźʹ϶ˣ
½ʦֲŲףԽ, ôҲȲϣм, ˮ֮
ʦСˣŵվͲýΪӣ
˵, Զ, һϪɵӷ, ɫ, ȥǹԡ
ʦǷȥŷе, ĺʳ֮ʱŮӡ
Ůˣ浱˲ɣҪڣβԼ֣
򴽣ɰͰ͵˵һ䣺ʦֵķԸ
Ůݺݵһۣˮ󵱹, һ֮ѣ
걻ɫ죬˵
꿪ˣʦá
ֿ꣬䵭һǰȥ
˽Χʱ˿ȴû뿪ԥſڣʦֻ˵½ʦ֡ȥȥΪŮӷˡ
Ůɫ䣺ҪҪŴһӣȴ½ʦ֣Ͳ𣡡
걻ƱƵһԣͲԴǡ
һϪɵҲ̲ס֣֮ǰϰϪ󲻽֮½ʦ־ָ̣ȴ½ʦ֣ԵԼô
¶ɫˣѾûбѡ񡣺οˮڣʦֲǰ̡
½ƿ²֪ΪԼϪڵ˳ͻڣϱ˻δȫȥм
ԼѶ֮ʣɣƳǿ˳ۡԵ½ƿ¶裬ɣƳҲ̽߻Ѻ½ƿ£ӱ޽ѵ
½ƿΪڰ벽𵤣ɣƳõĳޣһƷײ͵ŻὫ˵ˡ
һޣֱֱ½ƿϡ
̧ΪԼͿҩ½ƿ´ڳء
ò֮ǰ˼ּ㣬ȥɬ
ԼǺԸҲʦͽ֮飬ˮϪɸ𣬲һ֮Ŷѡ
½ƿʵڲ֪Լƾ֡
⣬½ֶ֮Ĭãûнš
˵㿴˵۹ʵںܲߵߣ
½֪֮˵˭Ϫ䵽˾صģ״ӣ
ǰ½ƿУαԣδʤԽƫ½֮Ҳ֮ǰǰжѵ롣
ԼʲôΪ½֮ƫ̻ӣԼпʦͽ˽нԶ
½֮û뵽ԼųѡϪɡ
ʱ˵̾һûзֻЦʦ˵ǣҾ֪жңϪɣĻ˺⡣
Щ꣬½֮νãΪʵڽġ
ʸˮŮӣΣϪɲ֪ɺεģĳ
ʦֵܣ½֮ʱ֮⣺ʦͶЧҦ
˭ܿɣƳҦԸ
ҹ۴Ļʦˣδ̫ðա½̲֮ס
ѶϣϿܱסţðΣѵΪеô
˵գȥ½֮ŴϵıӰɫѽ⡣

ҦǺһصϪϵġ
֮ǰȥˮʱҲĿ˵ʲôо·ǰǲԼ˷ûвμԡ
ս뵤ֵģŮһУȻ޻ڣ
֮ʱлвɢ޺ǰȥϪɵӡˮδЩ˵£ô˵Ȥʿδǵһɱ
ǴԼ뵽ΪԳԼҲгΪ֮ʱ
ȷ޻ڣҦһˮʬǣŭϪɡ
յ裬žĿŭɢ
ʱһŮϪɴҦЩ
Ϫ֮УҲȫǴ
ҦԸ
ϲŴ֮ڣ꣬
Ҧи˼֣⣬ϻ¶һЦҪͶЧܸЩ⡣
ɽȡһöںڵ裬һӣö㸡ڴǰ
ҦûнöΪΣö裬պ󶨻Ϊƣٲɡ
ֻǡ
ܻסϪҵһʲô
ס裬Ҫ֮ʱЦһڵͶЧͶЧҡ
̫ިһˮȹŮӻң˻߳
зɣƳһ޶
ҦɫŮΪã͸ڴϺúţ
Ȼôˣ
̫ިϸߣ˿ɫҦ죬ʱҲδʲô
ֱһ̫ިҦҲɣƳ𣺡ΪãҸҲˮʲôֲܣ
ҦɫǸ֮ŮԼ֮ˣ
̫ިѿɫ΢
ҦҲʶˣϾʦҩޡ


96 
ˮҲ, ̫ި¹δ֪Чòһҩ衣޹֮壬ΪݫiڤҲò, ڤ԰Ե, ̫֮ި۷ºεΪɣ
һչȥˮ֮лõҩˡ
Ϊҩص״ӣҦƶıĵ洫, ǰ, ̫ިֹһΡ
ҦƵĶ䲻, ҩԷʹȴֺҲ١
ˮҦҲһգ̫ިʧ˱Ļᡣ
ػһ, ҦȴԵʻǰ
̫ިԼǰ꣬΢΢𴽽ǣȴʲôЦ⡣
ˮһ·ˣҦǺŵ֮£ɣƳ̱ȻɣƳѾǵԼ׹Ҧ, һĸ, Ҧ, ȻҲԺɫ
̫ި¾ֹ, ҦҲ
һ, öںڵӴз
Ĺƣֻһ֮䣬ҦԽ, ϪɣѵṦ𣿣
ҦȷģɣƳ˶ޣοϪǵͷߣܵȡ֮ʱɣƳż⡣
˷ͬжλԣϪɶϴ춯̺ϹϢ仹δֳݣǱһֵơ
һͣ
ҦǲɣƳһ֮ͣϪɺ޼ɣų϶κβãҦ㰵Ʋš
˵ˣðɣƳ̫ިҲˣҦЩƻյŭ
̫ިҦ棬ս֣öںڵ㻯촷ɢ
Ϫ֮ұ븸ףͣҲҪʹͬͬ⣡˵쳤ޣһ˦ڵϡ
ľʵʱķѣ߾£ѾĲˮҦ⧲һͷһ
Ҧû뵽ͻȻѣԼѾʪ˵½󣬱ŭɣƳˣ
̫ިЦЦ˹Ϊβҡ
ҦҲ˲ݣϮ
̫ިûжɣƳֻΪȻҦԪӤʿĶ֡
һֱվ󣬷ӰӰŮӵҦǰֹ̧סĶ
ңҦдɫ
Ůƽҷ֮ŮӣǲκŮӡ
ˣˡð
ĻΪסҦĶȴǹ
ͬΪԪӤ磬ҦöۼභȻ궼ΪɣƳŮӡ
Ůӱˣ˼վΣűŮӻ̫ިֳ
ҦҶöǲ𣡡̫ިЩܿµ飬֪һСҪˣҩ޳Ҳס㣡
ҦؿվǱǡջزɨһ۵еĴϣȻŭѵûʲôֻǷȥ
̫ިĿջأ漴ϣʵ˵ϪѾͶЧңȴ͵͵ҦɻҷУ
Ϲ֪ɣƳûб粵ıҪ
̫ިЦһŮӵؽϪˮУ
ŮӣϪɲĵطŮѵ
̫ިЩͷǾͽҸطʮȣû£˭Ҳ
ŮӵӦǣǰѺȥ
Ҳ⣬ռȻˮλŮӷԼҦͶϣⲻ˱𷣡
ϱһºܿ㴫ϪɵӶУ֮Ļ̻̣Ψ⡣
ˮǰϪɹȻֵһᣬѾĻύλŮӣȻȷľ
ֻҪֵģϪɣԼ֮ˡ
ԶȺɽϹԵõЦ⡣λŮӵʵܺĥϲ˷ֺãҹ֮ƣٽѵ½ƿһ
ֳ̣ĺ֮ɫٴŴǰˮһ񣺡ϪѾϯֻŮ
µˮ䵭ؿһۣŮǰȥͨ
ɣƳߵĻҲǼ۵ġ
ʱŮתеŮ˵Ժ
¶һɫŮӹȻӡ
ҪϪɿﵽ˭
½ƿ£㸸ϪɵţҲס㣡̶ֳɫҪ½ƿµҪ½ƿ£֮ڽ¡
ʱһ糺֮ɫС
Ц⣬΢ǰ񣺡Ůӣ
ǲ֪˶ڱ󳰷ɣƳıϥںֻҪܵõʵĺôҪҲûʲô
̫ިûпֻ·ɡ
Цⲻģһ񣺡ǡ
֮Ϫ͵ĻɨģϤ½ƿ׺ϪɵӣЩʱգν뾡˰취ǡ
ЩһŮ۵ĻĬȻ
ǱϪ֮бλϼĵӣȴɣƳһ㣬ܺܡ
̫ި̤УĿ뿴ɨУ϶ǸŭԵɫֻޱȳ졣
Щ˴ǰվ½ƿ߼ǵıӦ
½ƿ£ϪɣעҪڽ£
һϪɵӳĬؿһеŮǰȻ񣡡
ɫÿˮƣʱҲֻԣ̧񣺡Ůӡ
̫ިֻһŮӣ룬ҹⱸ˼˵زеʳ֪ϲŮӿζ
̫ިûлشԹ˵ֱ֣λ
ȫȻûΧϪɵӣɣƳеķӦ
µŮһǰĿע̫ި֪ʲô
̫ި̸ΪŮӷˣ
£½ƿյһ̤С
ǵ޺ۺبϣһʱδתóն֮˿δ顣
̫ިĿϣ΢
Ȼ½ƿ״Ѳ˸ϵһ򻤶̣½ƿǰΪᣬˣǴŭ̫ި
ʱӸµؿ½ƿ£һյУֻü
Ůӵ棬㶥һʵڵθڣһ
½ƿ½ǣû˵ʵڲر粵
ɫģ𴽽ǣֵݣǹŷ˰ɣ
仰½ƿһɫ䡣
⸱飬Ц£ҪŮӵۣ
Ҫ½ƿµĹͷǱɻܷ
֮ʱ̫ިȻڣȷʵᣬȻò󣬱˰ɡ
ͷȻʲô
̫ިд˼ЦЦζôҵݣ𣿡
ң̫ިԼѣæֺõŮΪˣң
ˣʲô̫ިüμǣٺС˵ַֻm.baihexs.com ٺС˵޷޷.


97 
ڶϪɵӼ, ʮֲݡ˱ϥǰӭģȻоʦ֡
, ôϪɵӣ
ѾǵĿ̫ިЦЦĿ, һ亹ôҲû뵽Լԭ½ƿ, ⷬȻԼϡ
, ɣƳôһݹͣǿҲĸ, Ȼô˵Ԥ׵ضԼѡ
λŮӹȻ紫һ, ϲŭ޳
ŭ, ̫ިǰҲûе˵һ֡ɫѿ½ƿȥ
Ŀ, ½ƿɫƽȴ˸, ֻǲ̫ިǰ
ӹ½ƿյӭڶǰ, ؽյϣǿһЦŮá
ʱ, ڶŮֻ֮⣬ȻʮּһĻ½ʦ֣ȴȡˣ
һֱ̫ިԵŮǰ, յҿŨζɢϸֻֻʣǡ
ĵãΪŮӵĻ񣬾Ȼ¡
亹乣ⱾҲΪ½ƿ׼壬ȴԼһŲȽС
˵ʲô̫ިѾɣƳӦеķӦ̧һƷŭϷŪң
ŮϢŭ޹ءæ׵
ϧ̫ިͣ䳤ޣ־һޡ
ǡֻñǼһᣬʱϱ㴫һʹΪ½ƿ£̫ި½ƿ˼ǣα㲻ܱá
ͬһȺϣˤڵϣǱΪʹҺ
½ƿɣƳʮޣȴҧδʹһɣƳȤ֡
ܱͬףʹģ̬ǱЦ
´Σȥɣ̫ި˳ޣ
̧ȥûж࿴һۡ
½ƿ³ĬؽĿͶıӰշһʵڳϡ
Ϫɵûô࣬Ǹǽ
׷ļǰҲ֮ǰҫģ뿪˻
ҹһӰܹڶ࿴صˮ˶ĿСľ֮С
ڼªһŴ齱У֮ϣһĶࡣֽŶΪ޷תֻܱĿ
ʦ֣½֮ǰ״̾һˮ˽Ϊ֮ģ֮ı
ˣ뻢ıƤֻҪܱסϪɲкηۣδҡҲ֪Υˮʲô³νϣȻŴиΪҪ
ΪˣΣбҪʹҲϧһһоĲ˴档
ǰû̫ިĳ֣ȷġ
ҦĹƺΪԼľģѡն½֮ͷ­ȡΪϪɵţȨ
֮ϪɱΪҦԱȫ
ϲϪʼΪˮ߹ʾãΪ䴫Ϣ
ˮ𣬾֮ʱϪδܵǣ
ǰ£½֮ʹȻǲ֪ġʱϾˣ½֮һʱԶԡ
ڷһƬ֮ʱһӰͻȻС
ñסͷֻԳߣݣ½֮ʹ϶İ
ɣƳ
һ̣½֮ɫ䣬λ
˾ǣɣƳΪԪӤʿȻȫûвγֵġ
̽ͷ˫Ŀ˲һ
صġ̫ިָԼԭеϵ߽£ҲɣƳ
½֮Ͻ䱸֮ɫδɣƳݣ֪̫ިǼ١
㲻ɣƳ˭ϳʣɣƳںδ
ʼɣƳһ£ϪɶȻᱻˮǨŭ
˭Ҫ̫ި΢΢ǣɣƳѾڵУĻƣһʱϨ
½֮ʶʲôڵɱһˮӵģ㣿
ҦķϢ½֮ΪϪţڴôҲǰ׻ġ
гֻԪӤ˳ˮ׷ɱҲ½֮ԭ
̫ިûзϣˮг𡣡
ԣǣǿѡ
½֮üǵˣΪ
̫ިԭ½ƿ¶ȻڶˮڴˣȻʲôҲ뿪
Ǵڴ˴̸̫ިʡ
Ͽ̫ިһۣ½֮˵ͷ
̫ި˵ǲ֪꾡
Ͼڻ뿪⴦ҡ

½֮ϪţȻ֪һΪ֪֮
̣ɽ֮У½ƿ¿̫ިǰ
Ȼʱ꣬һ۾ϳ̫ި
ҹѵԭǰ½ƿ»ȻסɣƳΪλͻȻ֡
½֮Լ½ƿæ͵ףǰǵλǰָ㣬ҵĽͻͽ
½֮һֱΪ½ƿ̫ϳָ㣬뾹ǰŮйء
ǰƿ¾Կŵĳ̶ֶ˼֡
лָƿ¡½֮һֻǲ֪ǰϪɾΪ£
̫ިûлش⣬һ£ˮǰϪɣΪΣ
½֮ԥһ˲ʵصˮϣڲر֮ء
䲻֪ڵǺΣϹźϢй¶
Ϲ֮ʲôڣܳı
̫ި΢΢˴ǣ⽫ˮʲôʲôǱʲô
ˮˣϪɵĽ֣Ϊ丽ӹҡβʧڲݵһ㣬Ӿ𣬴жϾ̫ި½֮Ϫ콲
½֮û˵̫ި˵һ㲻
ѡ·һѡ
ݶˮĻԹ߲ˮɽٴܣ˵ڶֱ࣬ʮ겻ɵá
ǰݫiϲݴСжԮ֣Ҳ˽ʱ䣬Žˮһٸ
½֮гأϪɶˮ󣬱ѻʯ۵
㲻µΪˮ̤Ϊ֮ƣȥɽţͼ
Ϫڴ̫꣬ިȴҪȥɽţ½֮ʧվԭأþ˵
ãſڣɬʱ뿪ΥˮϪƱػΪ֮׷ɱܱסͳС
̫ިЦЦҼȻ˵ȻаΪǽ˺󻼡
ϪɣˮЩϢ
ҦȻͲˡ
˷ˮ̫ިҲʲôȻҪı㣬Ҫˮ˽ǡ
̫ިŵЦ⣬Ҫģˮһɽٵ


98 
ϪŴ֮, µˮ⣬һ޵Ȼ
һƬ֮УŮ̧ǰ, ˮæ񣬿ͳ죡
ԪӤڵŮɣƳڶ໤Ϊ֮ˣҲǻɣƳʱˡ
ͳôǰ, ѵյ֮£ŮӰȫ
ڵ˾, ŮձŲ, ʡ, а
Щˮ֮ôľػɣƳ, ΪʲôֵģΪ, ǲò
ˮЮ˵ֶδ, ˸ұѣ޾ص׷ɱ, ³
Ŷ룬Ůϲʲô, ĽŲý
һƬ, ҹΨ¹Դк, Լܿо
, ̫ިȻ˯, ֻͬɣƳһ޶
ɫ԰׵ϣɣƳ֪, ߣǶ֮ʱժŮҲݡ
ŮϢվڴǰһӰӡ
ãתʧڷС
֪˶ã۽΢̫ި˫ۣαװҲʹȥ
òĻ̿ͱ޵һˣ׽ӽΪԶʤԼĴɱ
Щ̫꣬ިòɱģΪ֮ϵʿÿһζ˵ಫ
̫ިԼɣƳ߻ͳ컳ɣ⡣
ҹ֮£΢ĻɣȴܳĻɡ
ڣ̫ިҪɣƳʱţҲհˡ
ӽ˳֮δ࣬ʱβĲ̫ި˫ȣͷţܡ
ڤѾ̫ިȴǱѰʿ࣬캮ҲůŵĹ
Ů̫ިۣѵûѡУϳ˯ȥ
Ϫܰ˰֮ضϪ˷֮رϪϡ
߽ˮ϶ش˴ղµķѾΣصĴ˴Ϣй¶
յˣϹźϢˮ˾Ǵϲ漴Ϫ֣֣ܲԴϢ
ϹµǶɽʿҲ޷ѰϢй¶ˮǲݵһɣҲвѷˮߣƱػᣬʱϹ˭˵׼ˡ
⼸ռţˮһֱڴ˴ֻ̽ߡ
ˮȹŮԶӵڶ»ų
̫ި̧һȫλϡ
ɣƳǸ֮ŮڵΪûʸǰġ
ٽ裬ҲǸɵӡ
̫ިǰ϶һۣڶԷпѹ֮ɫ
ɣƳÿش˴Ȥ޹˵ȣȥԣɱޣǽɢ޺ϪʿΧɱռȫδ̤˴ôˣ
ϪɴʵȤֺϡ֪輸գ̫ި͸͡һ俴ɽ֮ڣƬ̵ٱĺ֮ʱܳ
ǾͺãⵤѾʿֳ˴̿͵£Ǿظвźá̫ިԹ
ȻҲ֪£ϾֻܷԸϪĵӼӽ̲飬ǲѰ֣Ѱ̿Ӱ
ȻǺ
Ů󣬶̿Ͳ㲻ҪȥСһϿڹȰɣƳʲô£ǻȥҲý
̫ި̾һãһȻϪɣλ֪ͨҡ
ΪǻҪıȫ㿪
ʱ̫ިڶ໤Ϫɵķȥ
ŮӽΪҪ˴һֱĬŸŮӺȻڣ΢Щͳ
̫ިûдԶҰ׵ʣɽҰֻ֮ص
ã̫ިЦһˡ
գŮȴ֮ǰвͬŮӵֻһʱתͷ̫ިĿ
һߣҦЯ뿪Ϫ塣
ɣƳڸʲôǰֻڵ֣ȫȻûйĹ֮£ôͻȻҪȥ
ѵѾ⽫Լż⣿
֮ǰǸλ˲ʯҩʵӣΪޣֻռ˸֮ŮͷɣƳԼȻǰ̡
ֻŮвʮˡ
Ҧͷɫ粻
̫ިϵľֹΪҦɣ˶ҪҲȥһ⣬ȷ̫ިʲôܷ
¿ɽҰ٣УЩˮѱԸΪʡ
յķЩϣ
ڷ֮ʱһХ
ҦĿһʯ֮ţʱ֧̺ķȻûˣ̴ĿҪϷıѣҽһȥ
ô£
ҦоŭӣǰոһʦʦڵУԼֱټУˮԣ
Ӧһ֧ƿն
֮ǰһƸЮž˲ϢѾǰ
ҦĻڼ֧Ϯ֮ʱ˲¶ŵɫԼ͸Ŀڣֻȡҩ¡
Զˮɫȹڷз̫ިջ֣·ű亮âƻΪһš


99 
ˮ, ΪɣƳ߻ͳŮ̫ި, ͶĿЩ䡣
ˡ
̫ި˵գŮӣ̬ѾɣƳȫȻ㡣
ŮӱͶ, ʱǿ϶ԼĲ²⡣
ͼذ, жذУ̫ިҪ, кʵŮӺڣ
仰ˮɫͳ⻰ʲô˼, ŮӲǾǰô
ɫ˿ƿն, ױոЩȫ޷ʿѪڲҶ, һ̵̣ˮԵ
һĻŮȻǰڵ¾ˮӵģ㣡
̫ިܿжذ, ˿ջָ, ̤, ȹԡ
ҵɫȹڷʱ˼޷ֱӵޡ
֪̫ˡ
̫ިŮӽ콻֯Ӵײ, طˡ
ŮӱΪ߳С磬̫ިǰҲδռκαˡ
˿ϮҪͬˮһӲŮӱƵһʱҲͻ֮
̫ިγĨɫ֮һƣܵƷ磬ŮӲ㣬ȴһĿڡ
ӿ׹£ͬķײɽʯ֮ϡԪӤʿǿȶԣʱͽɸߵɽʯķѡ
ŮӵڵϣһʱɫȹѪȥǱ
һصˡ
㾳ߣԼҲǰŮĶ֣ʶһ㣬Ůǿ·ӣȴʾ
˿ҾסŮӶһͣʹɢ
̫ިս˿ƣɫӰȵɶŮָצץ
̫ިƽûжסŮϸĲӿ϶ȥ
ֳһӣŮӼѵ̧Ŀ⿴Ϣ֮Ů⳹
̫ިƽδΪǰݡ
ð˳δɢǣ˫Ŀ֮ƺֳ֮⡣
˻ȥ̫ި䵭ʲôܳԵġ
ʶѣǲԸԼˡǰ̫ިӣ㲻Լ֮ڵ¡
̬ȣֻίίУٶ
ƤëԳХһɿǰȥ
ܲɽҰķХţһ޴ķꡣ
̫ިϵ֮ʱҦһѾ½֮һϪɵɽԼϪһػʲôΣգҦ߲δ϶ٻɹĿֶܱ˼֡
½֮ļѰһδܽҦˡ
öҦ֣㲻ܽóԶϮΪϲߡ
ҡ̫ިͣ½֮ߣڵ
½֮ҲûԥӴӦ̫ިı֮ʱϪɾֻһѡ
̫ިƽңһ֧ӽɫĳһ˲ƿնȥ
һҦĿڶ͵ѪæµҩϢæǰܡ
Ҧ˱ࡣ
Ĵңҵˮ£ʱȥ֮»ɵʲôҲû
شģֻ಻ļ֧
֧Կ̵ķıѿδУҲҦһ˴С鷳
Щбʶһ㣬Ҧʾȥаʱʵڲս˻Ϫ֮С
ڴ˵½֮ȻĻᣬľ֮Ȼ֣нϪɵӺԥظϡ
ǣҦϳ½֮ŭңˮԣϪӴ˾ʧڲô
½֮û˵ʱ˵ʲôǶˡ
ҦΪ̫ިһˣöƷײ͵ĵҩҲƣҲ޷ۡ
ɢ޷Щʵޡ
ϪɵĵԽԽܻʱˮźţ½֮Ȼ׼˵ѾϪɵһ֡
ҦֻֻܲʱӣۼԼ֮һ٣Ĳɸ߸
ˮǲΪˮ״ӣԼǱʱ
ǽҪЩ֪ߵغʿ
˴½֮ǰģʹ֮ѡʮɵĵӣΪ֮䡣
Ҧ뿪Ϫ˲࣬һѾ˻صƣϪɵȻΪȲϣ˺Χ磬Щˮ˾ǽڽڰˡ
ն˵ͷ­㡣
ɣƳˮӷ֣ǵģвϪɵӡ
ȥǣȴһ衣
뵤ߣɱ⣡
ΪһǾΪʦʦʬĻᶼûУˮУǱ죡
ϪɣϪɵĵӣˮ̤ĳգǾҪΪԼ¸ۣ
Ŀ⣬ηϪɵӣҦɵôϪôΥˮǶ
ȥ·Ůӷ£Ҧת½֮ѾŵΧǰ֮䣬ˤ£մһҡ
ڶϪɵ̫ިǰĨɫɽҰ֮ۡ
Ҧ̧ͷȻ漴ŭɣƳͬΪˮӣ㾹ȻЩ񹴽Ầң
ˣȥʦ𽻴
ػȥ̫ިȡߣ£ӸµؿҦһˣ뽻ʲô


100 
˷, ̫ިڳϣԪӤʿѹй¶
ʱҦʶʲô㲻ɣƳ
ɣƳôԪӤΪ
˭, ʲôʱɣƳݣҦ亹, Ŀ̫ި, 岻ѡŻ˼ѵɣƳ
ҦһƬ⣬ɣƳ⣬ˣζԼ˾
֪ô࣬ôԼ
ҿԷħģΪ˵ȥ, ֻҪǿϷŹңһаʯϣ̹Ҧ̫ި̸
һʱˡ̫ި
Ҧҩ״ӣضɣƳһ, һյ, , ʱһȻ򵥡
Ŀǰг£̴Ҧ
һĲҺΪʹڵϷ
ûԥֽž, ˿ѪӿȾ档
̫ިҪһţȴν
ֻʣ°ҦϣУ̫ި, ֱϪȥ
ȼһ𣬽˴кۼһա
Ϫ֮УһŮɽ£ۼϪԽԽԶΧҲûˮĿ˱ҲƲסԹ
ǽ֣ΧֻԪӤޣ֪⽫УԽΪɣŭ뵽֮ǰڵֵӣִżھ⡣Ϊֻȥˮȴǰ
ⷬȻ˵һ˵飬˭׽֮⡣
ҲֹǣǸҲôŮתͷȥɽϣڶϪɵӷӣμ
ˮ֮ɣƳ֮ʣ̵⣬Ϫ೤ϵӶ裬Υߣ󶼵
ӳ˵漴ѡתͶӭ
գ˿ɵĵӳϣЩ׷Ҳδ⣬ǰֲΧ
ôȻΪϪɵĵѾޡ
Ϫɴ꣬ڣ³ϵӼˡеһ磬һζſѾû̫壬Ϫӳ϶оͰϵĶӡ
ˮķ۽Ϫڣ½֮Ѿʶ˱ʣˮŰ֮Ѱ˽ڽǲܻ
ֻϪҲȫûڣܻˮŭ
ҦɣƳϪвϪʿУڣϪɲʣǧˣнһ붼ͷΪ
սǧɽ̫ި֮ڣ˵ֻԪӤڵĳƤëһ멡
֮̿£ԸˮȥֻϪʿ档
֮ͷһѵŰ̫ިһٱӵҵֻԼһãҲˡ
ֹץסټĳضҪ֣ʹ½ƿµǰȥ׷ԼϪɳҲǰ֡
Լȴһȥġ
Σ»Ҫһ㣡ŮЦһĿ
ֹסĻɽ£һƬ֮ȥ
뵤ֺʿɢѰټ
½ƿ´һڹĿתطģʮˡ
½ʦ֣Ҫʲôʵ
ɽţǣѪծѪ½ƿ侲
ͬ꣬յ֮У½̫֮ިΪӭˮĳϵһ·
½ƿ´ŰˣϪɽصϪڣѵڴ˴˻ϣȽֵصˮ֮նɱ
ҲӾ֮ˮ֮УȡԪӤ۷Ϊˮ֮ԸЩòס
ҹ̫ިڴʱ˳Ϊ˷ס
ϪλҲѳأǰˮ˼޻֮
½ƿºɱһʿʱȾѪƽɱ֮
Ѻһ޺ۻδȬǰѪɺӵĹ㳡˫ȷҪվס֮ǰֺ̬
ôңôң૵ȫԼǰһСˮʹˮǲ֮ݷǸɱˮˣ
һţЦɱɱˣʲôҲң
ֽűһߵˤڵϣ½ƿ£ǲɱңŮӵˣҶˮд󹦣
ɱңʱˮһˣ
½ƿ鼫ƽɣƳˣʲô
ŮˣǱ˶ͷһˮôܡ
ôѵˮΪ𣡡Բš
½ƿȥմȾѪϲ˿˵ò
ϪˮѪΨѪܳ
ɣƳɱе֮ʱˮϪɱ޷ĨȥѪ
½ƿŽһ
ƽȻܵĿ־壺
ʱʧϪɣΪ״ӣ϶أڵΪ֡½ƿ쿪ڣӷѪѾɺԣüĿ㡣
㸺УʦʦΣˮŰϪ
½ƿ̧գͷ­Ϫԩ꣡
岻ܿƵսţ½ƿкαɱ⡣
ɱԼɱԼ
ֳ֮ɫ
㲻ɱң½ƿ£ʦ֣㸸׵״ӣҽţ״
½ƿɫδݣԽգұŻ
ȸң½֮ΪӣȴԸ洫½ƿôʤңȣ㲻ܹҲ壡
ʶһ棬ʱ㣬л̲סһɱζ
ʦʲôʱģ
Ŵһʹһ٣ʶԼʱȫ½ƿһ֮š
Ŀֻɨܣͣϡ
ʦãʦþңץס˾һ㣬֪ˣϣ½ƿĹһ⣬պһʹǰǣ
ƴߵס
ʲôҲûлҪ
ʦ֡ڿڣһνһʦ֣ʹǰǣЩѾʦʦãλͬţֵΣ
ʧǵͣס˶֪ԼѾûлĿܡ
̧ۿˣ״ˮ󣬽ӲһҲӲˣ
ˣҲһˡ
½ƿ֣˲ѪĽ
糺֮ɫ߶̫ި½֮һϪ¶
Ϫ֮ˮѾҦɣƳһڻҲ䣬Ҫıģˮϡ
Ϫλ̫ިߣΪһ󾳽磬Ҳߵ̬
ɽĶˮȹ̫ިֶˮ˴ѣʱǻ
ϵĻϨ𣬱ضˮע⣬ʱ
СѷģϪɻɽ򿪣ֻҪðˡ
̫ިף漴̧֣һȵȻϪ֮
ΪɣƳ֮ŮݣǱ㲻ܲ


101 
ϪϷ֮ʱ, Ϫ֮ɫ䡣
ˮش⣬֪ʩչģΨɣƳҦˡ
ʱ, ѵ˳£
˶һ, ˱˴Ŀеľɲ
ȻҪҦɣƳˮλ, һǸ֮Ů, һʵȨϵ״ӣ˭£Ҳý
ˣ˴ǲݾ, Ƭ̣Ҳʲô⡣
˾ϣһ»غô˴, Ϫȥ
ʧʣһ˲, һӰϢس֮С
˿ҽ, ʤ, иЩʿʾ֮Ѿȥ
Խʬ壬̫ި̧ȥȻˮµ⴦ΪϢãࡣ
ָ΢̧öɽ㾡з
ʧˣ̫ިױ㽫ɽϵӡƿʶɨ, Щɽ֮ʯҩ
Ҳԣˮ£ԲȱЩ
̫ިʯڵҩȵȣȷûж㾡ͶιԼС
죬ؽﾡ£˫Ŀֳɫ
ϵһطӡƣ̫ިԽͻڣǷ޲ӡָһ㣬˺ɱ
ϵľطӡȻͬҲǶ
꣬ΪֻԪӤзӡ֮ʡҲΪӡÿÿԭԼͻ⵽ɣΪԭβܶ򡭡
ֻʲôҪ
̫ިЩΪ£ǰȻôڴûϵӣҲͼָϷӡ
ԣνаڰףν֮ԡ
ಢ֪̫ިʲôﾡ¶ǣԾֺõز̫ިذ׵ȻҪࡣ
ϧ̫ިΪ֮ʮؽȻ
תֻίίһԣԶ
˴輸ʱ̫ܳިһȡ
¶ٶˮͣ㲻ܼ
̫ިĻ㲻Ϊ˱꣬ȱıġ
ҹɫˣɽеŨмƴŵϹϢ
̫ިۣڴ˴ɽ֮µĶˮ󷨵Ĵ߻£Ҫˡ
ҫĿҹɫѲµķãԼϪΪƬ
ذȹںҹ֮з̫ިƬããҹɫ֮УϺȻ΢Ļȡ
ɽڴһеΪޱȻңЮŷ̫ި
̧֣δ䣬񱩵㾡ǰ
ƺŭˣһʮɳĺ̫ިÿһƬ۶ҹɫ亮â
̫ި£ĬȻһ˲ǶԳ֮䡣
Ծ̫ިγɵķ籩֮С
ɽģҵķڱ˵ߣ̫ިʶ̽ȥһ߾޴İ׹ǡ
ǡ
ٴ˴ޱϮηײȥ£ֱȥ
بɽ֮еİ׹ǳһһǰѾȥֻ꣬ʣһ߹ǺҲ͸¶ľѹ
ڵ棬ͷ׹ǳХһ
һǡ
ϹŵӦֻʣһ߹ǺдҲԿȶɽʿ
ÿһ֮ϣȻķܲ͸ɵֻӦ츳ͨ
ǧ򣬶һЩ̲ңһǣ֮䣬ܳΪ֮оص
ǶˮԣҲһ
ûô࣬ſ죬֮طܵͬԴٻȻɫ⣬Ⱥӿ
طûڣΪ֣һ죬ɫķӡ⣬ֳһѺۡ
طӡڶأˡ
ڷӡͬʱֺֻצơ
С̫ިϣΪСߣΪֺֻצ
̫ި̧ͷӰʶԼԼҲ޷Դѹ
ڣƿǰطӡˡ
ȷľ
·̫ިûжѻɫĳͻأһ裬ƽ
ǰΣīһ˫۾
̧֣֮вдӿΪһöɫ顣
ǿӨӨӱ̫ި˫Ŀ֮вʲô׿̫ިֻ
ࡣ̫ިһ
ûӦִֻŵؽǰٵһݡ
̫ިнӹö飬ˣǰͷϣͬԭʱǰ㣬˲䡣
̫ިֻ࣬˫мԼӳӰӡ
ȵļԭʱʲôʱȴܵù֡
̫ިɫһ˲ʧƿֳ࣬Щ΢ίɫ
ոӸ
㷴Ӧ̫ިȷʱûлָʶ
ɢָ糣
ǿ飬ʱ䲻࣬Ӧ֮ƻֶ˼ְա
ʱ֣߷𵭵ɫѰһҹϪɵӶֳƣɫ
߲֮ãʿҲƣ
ֻѰһδֳܷ˿ټˮǱ㲻ͣЪ
λˮŮӱỤ̋ΪãΪݣǸá
ǵȻ֪ѲڵС
ֻԪӤޣ½֮֮롣
ڴʱĵ
ע½֮
ˮڵٻأ
ٻأ
ʲô£ˮΪλصɽ֮У
Ȼɻ󣬵ڵӲҵЩʱѾ㹻ǿˮɱᡣ
곤ϳټˣ򵤷ȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ǧϪɵӶ½֮Ѷϻɡ
ҪϪɽʱϷȻһҫĿ⣬ܻصɢ˼֮ɫ䡣
ʲôͣס˽Ųֳɫ
Ϸȥ֮£Ϫ֪ţ֮ΪΣȴǲ֪
ʱ뵽һ¡
ͬһʱ䣬Ϫ㳡֮ϣλǰˮ޹ĵλ
ˮϺͻһҦѺŹڶλǰΪʧھ֮ɫ
ϣˣվ
ϪɵһԣˣȻ
ڶϴ˲䣬½֮һӣѪɽ˵ڵء
һ֮Ƹٴ𣬴˷ϪɵɽҲ֮С
ضɽҡϪɽһ֮ңļƷɣˤڵϡ
ϪΪ֮Ŀ
ˮУյȻϨǵѶҲȻֹ
ϪϹŴܶҵΪ㡭
Ѿãֻ


102 
ڴĿ, Ϫɵɽ̮飬ľ˲Ϣ֮ήԭֺĽ֮仯һƬ档
ڵضɽҡ֮, ɽľ٣ɫ, ⼸ʮﶼδ⡣
ɽ, ɽŻˣ꿴ϪΣʧе
ԶԶҽ, µˮʿȴлΪ촷ɢ
ʲôǵôֵģ
ãźλ϶Ϫϣ
Ůɫ䣺ʦ𣡡
˵꣬ɽҪɽ֮ȥ
꼰ʱסļ, , ⲻ֪᲻ٴαڻصɽţѰ·𣡡
ʦŶɽ֮аŮᣬ, Ӳοʦǽʿµģֻˣ
ʦ㣬㷽Ҳ, ˮ˶лΪ촷ۣο
ЩˮʿҲн𵤾簡
ŮЩȰ裬Ǳ˼ϪɵĹ¶, ɽ֮гԼʦ֮Ϊĸ
ɫ鼤Ҳٶ˵ָüġ
Ůֻǰһڣʱȥͬżʱֽס
ʦ֣Ǹô죿ɫȻȫ֪
ɽûˣǸδȥ
ϪϣʹɫĬһ˲ſڵ֮Ѱȵĵط֮
ǵƴҶˣΪʿֵܵġ
ԥŻ˵ʲôͬǰȥֵĵųϸϵˣ뿪ΪãϪɵҪ˴
ǿסڳӡȻһͶЧˮ󣬱Ϫɵˡ
ֻв߰ڡ
ݳصŮвɸɫ֮ǰϪɵɽ֮ǧӡ
ʲô׷ϼֱͦȻǻţοвٳϵϪɵĵͳϾ
˱ʣȸ¶УϪɣ
ڳĵ˵ǿһ񣺡ӽ
֮龡ʦҲˣ
Ǹô죿ϪɵӽҪ뿪ͽдһɧյͬȻԸԼһߡ
ˮҲˣиƼûй鴦ˡ
ϣһ߰ɣ̲ס
֮Ӧ͵ǰϣֻǱɱˣһĹĻɣ
ЩΪôѡ׷ĵӣ˿̺ԥطڡ
׷ŭϪɾûйĵӣ
Ҳɱǣ֮ͬ飬ٸҾұǵĵӣ
ŭɫαˣЩ˵˲ɺһһʱ˸˵
׷ϴƹֶȥ
̲סͷһۻɽţȥһǾٹ顣
Ϊڳ֪ˣ겢ʦʦǰѹҪֱ֮ʱл̲ס˼Ȼ
½֮ûǱ˶ΪԼѾˣסˮĶĿ
֪ЩµģִЩµˣ̫ࡣ
Խ࣬¶ĿܱԽ
й¶ôϪ˵֣֮ǻûʱеˮŭ
պһҾ޴߻£緫ռǣǴ·ȥҲܿ
ѾϪˡòŮͣ⣬΢΢ͷϹϾ
ڣθߴ׳ۣʱеƿգĿ£˲Ϊ֮һݡ
ˮߴɽ֮һʯʮǰƶɽ٣Ƶǿȱ֮ͬΪҲѷɫ
ˮɽʿУʵǰ֮С
һȻѽ׶ɽٺڵˮ
һϹŴܵĶֵöɽʿһ⡣
ʯΡΡɽͣһǿѹȸӭŶŮͷԽˡ
Ƶôʵ
ƵˣսʮԪӤʿʿǧʿ䡣
սϪһЩСڵʿࡣ
ʯϲʲôЩע޴͵ΥˮķˣˮȱıЩˡ
֮ϣʯڶˮæҵȼ
ʯӦʵڲãֻ˹֣һʱûнڷΨۡ
վϪһƬУΧѾ֪κϢʯüϹŻ󣿡
ڵĴΪãҲô
Ǵ󷨣˴ΪҲ֡
Ϸȥʯ˷ʱ䣬˲ʧϪϡ
ˮ˿Ѿϰߣδֳɫۣ˶ȺʯϷȥ
δɽȣܸܵɢϹϢʯɫɺЩ˵ڣԭʹľҲ滺ࡣ
Ȼ̺ϵϹܻ컯ʹ࣬һ⡣
֪⴦֮УиϹʯֳЩ΢ɫ
ɽȣһУԿڶ෱ģ֮ʣѾƲ޷á
̫ިСɽʵ֮ȡһƶȻϷȻҪȫףôܵϹ
һѾٵĴʯǰȻǻ󷨾ʴͲˣҲƽġ
Ӧ󷨲Żᵱ䡣
ȻЩˣ˻Ҳʯ˿ɣƳ˵Ϊˮߴɽʿ֮һʸ񲻽Ƿ
ʯֻͨûп󣬱Ѿ޷ת̫ިֽ֮޸
صʯŽգʯһĳڼ̦֮ʯű֮ѿ̧̤⴦Ͻ䱸֮ɫδϹʿĶô򵥡
̤⴦֮ʱڶĵ̫ިѾ֪ˡ
ɵǺب룬ȻѾΪྡȡȻϹϢɢ
ÿһ϶˷ģҲ̫ިһݳޣһϹӦ
ղ߲ݣ˴ĳΡ
ཫͷϣ̫ިһƴµѻ෢˿Щġ
ƿڶطӡܻ֮ΪΣҲ֮ǰǰһаնڳ˯
̫ިϰ׽֮ǰԭʱãֻС߰ˡܻΪΣ˾ֹ̫ǡ
ϧʶδָ࣬ǽ˵ġ
̫ިδҲֻȥˡ
еڵϢʯųǰǣһʱ𵴣㱼䣬޴ӦƺԽʱգһ
ԭأ֮У໯Ծ
ʯлָȥԼžȻ
ѵ죬̫ި⣬ⱾԤ֮еĵ¡
ɺӺӿŨŨ֮⣬ʱ಻ոƿһطӡж龳Ԩ޾ҲΪ丯ʴմȾⲻ档


103 
ʯԭδɺ, ֱմȾʱŷԼĻ⾹Ȼ֮бɿڡ
龳µʿȫһ, Ҳ޷ƿܻ⡣
ת뽫⣬ֻ佫ȴȫڣ̶̼Ϣ֮䣬ӴѪ־˲䱻ʴÿɼ׹ǡ
ʲôʯа˼, δ
ԶɽʿΪѰƣһӦָܻ, Լֲûлָ, Ѫ˿, ɢ, ֻʱ, ޷
Ǻ
ʯ˺, г, 쵶ڶֱֱ֮
ն㿪һ, βһ˦ˤȥ
ʯֻһɾӱǼӹɫβ䴦ӦҲѿ
ʯĿԽ֮еϢ
һԪӤʿΪλ, Լ֮ǰѾУʯһ粻ҪעһսԪӤڵŮӦͬУ׿һ
ʯûԥӹֱֱ̫ިץ
ԼϮ̫ިԭأ޶
ʯֳŲ̵ɫȷСΪ
̫ި֮Զʱ󲢲ˣУʯͣһ˲
һ̣Կϵķľʱ·ޣ˲
̺Ϣʯӵϣâ̫ި¡
֮ʱǰӰɢ̫ިβ֪ʱѾ
ʯɫ΢ʲôϵ
жδֵ̫ͣިĿ֮ж˼ӣˮ
Ȼ̫ި֮䣬ȹǷ侲
ûʲôϵһҪ㣬гɡ
У˵ˮгˣ綼ˣ
ʯԲЦһԲѣձ㿴ðˮʲô³
γɵȺڵ֮£˲ѣܶʲôв
⴦󷨣Ϊס
һһھ޴֮ڲΪ֮϶˼ۣȾѪ£̫ިŴڵȴʲô
ʯοȥ࣬Ѫ֮ǿᣬ޷ֵˣ˻ˡ
̫ިʯʮţˡһ
ϵĵһطĺȻ漴Ϊ촷ۣ¶Ѫɫһ̣ʯܵԼкֱײ̲סһŭڡ
ȻԸǰƵʯֻȥ
ڲͬײҪʯɫ֮ãʹࡣ
̫ިȵģԿϣ԰ѪΆѪá
ô֪ʯžʹ̫ިȻ֪ϵķΪΣѾԡˮĲ֮أô֪
Ϊ˽ɽ٣̫ިȻɣϻ⣬ǲǲдƷˡ
޷ȥ۵ɣƳһ㣬ǶɣϻΪʵΪʵĲдƷˡ
ʿԽߣҪñԽѣɣϻȴʮŮɣƳһ츳ѰߣҲԶʤѰʿ֮ˡ
ǶɣϻѪΪΪط
㹻ûͨҲܳΪʿԷ˵壬ֻܳһطඥΪע޴
ɣƳһڻˡ
ʯҲԴ˷ŵԽɽ٣ڶɽ֮ڲͬײ޷⡣
ɣϻһöϵΪɽ۷壬ȴԪӤʱ졣
ǲͻƺϵԼò˼꣬Ҫ˰ɡ
ʯͫ΢Ȼһ亹
ˮ£Ҳȼ֪£ǰŮȴ˵ˮܣʱ֡
գ뽫ڣ
֪̫ˣʯֵ
ǿѹסڷӿɽ֮еضɽҡʯʯ䣬ƺʱҪ
Ϊǵ֧Żȹ̣ʯһ֣޴Ǳն䣬ӽɫķ˸һ˲Ϣ֮
Ǵʱ㿪ᱻӳڣûж㣬ֱӭһ⡣
϶ɼǵ˺ۣȫһ㣬ʯ˹ȥ
̫ި֮ԶԶ·ʯ
Ѿܾûжù۵ˡ
ȾϲԱ֮ɫУʯϺȻɫӰ
۴ҵĴʹ̫ިȴûѡƿĿ⣬Ѫһɫ
Ŀ磡
ڿлΪΣ˪ѩһĽʣºڷ˫Ŀ֮в
һǰ״͸ʯķŽƵɶ֮ϡ
һѪʯܵڻʧΆѪ£ǿа룬Щȡ
һҪ֮ڶɽپ磬ʿѾҪ֮ʯԼΪλᱻ̵ʱڿ
ϷȻѿһ϶һֻݵһƬңγС
ɽٺڵѹй¶ϢĿ־С
̫ިȻֻ֪ԺζΨһһλɽٺʿˮɣϻ
⣬ˮУڲʯ֮ʱɣϻǿ˺գȻ̫ި֡
ɽٺڵʵȴα
һϢʯ¶ϲɫ
Գ֣ձض¡
Яһƣûԥӭȥ
һ̣̫ިת߶ϵķġ
ѪɫѳŲʯܡоڲϴ˿й¶ʱѾҲûС
ʯڣѪɫڵĶʯһҺӵ֮зɳɢڿУϢһص
ǶɽʿôųΪɽٴܣôܾʹ˻һʯ߶ڲһȡ
൲סɣϻ̫ިûüãʯڷȻըѪȾɫء


104 
佫ʯľ, ȴһҽҲֻܷʣ΢ıϢ
Ƕɽٴܣ
öɽٴ, ôڴˡ
ʯ˫, зͽ͵ĺǺֵ̧Ҳûˡ
ܾģǶɽʿȻ
϶ֲֻ֮̽һ, Ѫ˿ڵ, Ⱦ, ɼǵ˺Խ
෽ͬʯһ, ʱ϶ɽ۷ɣϻ, Ȼռ˱ˡ
ο̫ިɫ΢, ɣϻѾ˺ϵ硣
ˮڲѹɱʿ, ȷ˸һĿܡ
ǰջʧˡ
ϵʧ֮, ɣϻܵ, ΪҲˣ˾һڲƷˮĿܡ
һ̫ިıѾ̫, ɣϻܷɹϵҲͳδ֪
һ˺۵ĺ, ̫ިһγһǡ
סǸ, һǰͣʯԣ漴һ̡
һ, ʯԶϣһ̣ˮ֮ڣԭյĻȻϨ
һͳ˻Ƶ˺ѵĿռд޷εŭ
ɣϻԼû뵽ԼԳ֣ʯڴˡ
֮ел۶һ̺ľ
࣡ԭص̫ިһ䡣
ɣϻ࿹
ѻڵķָֻһ˲̫ިӰʧڶ֮С
ŭһ£֮ǰ֮ҡҡ׹ĶڲظΪһƬ档
ڶ֮ⲻˮ˱ƷƷɣΪ֮ˣѪʧȥϢ
ռ䣬Ϫִ˲ݡ
ϹŴܶˮɽٳǰȴжˮɣϻԳ֣Ҳδܾȵ
ʧһɽʿˮ˵Ҳشϲ˵ʲôȴֻ
¥֮УľȻĲ½Я¥ϣΧʿ֮Уۡ
˴ܽ·ξ۵ףȻҲС
˵˷ϹŶڲڣˮڱϾаǱУȡ˿Ц˴ѾڲݾڣȻη֮Ҳһ䡣
棿ǿһϹŴܵĶʲôҲûʣ£
˵ֻ֮ʣһʧԵĲȱǣˮزûռˣ˸ɽʿȥ
Ҳ֪˭ĵ󣬸ڲˮϣһ׳նɱһɽʿΪҲڶɽ֮ϡ
ŮһˮҲڲںаԵѣڶ򻹳Ʋõһˡ
ƵİۣʿҽӻƵĵӰ
ƵǶݷݵĴڣݲͬһҶ󣬶ҶƵ֮һ
һϵʿƵȻؾˮ
ƵŮڳʿ㲻У⽥ת̸Ե顣
Ϸ½ƿɫˮ׷ɱǰҲ֪Ρ
ǰΪϪɲŻ˿ˮƫƫϪɶûΪЩʲô
ϪֲΧӵԼˣ½֮˵Ĵ£ɢΪʮӣݡ
һжʵ̫ۡ
½֮µȥδ̫ިʣǶǰȥСɽ
ϪдУܸĻͥ
½ƿ֮ӣδʽ£̫ިҪ뿪֮ʱ½֮ԥƬ̱Ӧˡ
Ϫɵ¾½ƿ̫ިİŶȥȫ
̫ި紫ѶҶԻ½ƿǰ档
Ҷǰ治ȥѰǰô½ƿԥƬ̣̲סʵ
Ҷ²سвȣƽ˵ˣء
ǰϾԪӤ磬ˮɽʿȻȻѾֻʣˡ
½ƿֻýʱѹ¡
Ϊ֮أŨʤ죬ݡ
ʱھһ졣
һӲڸ̨֮ϣ֮͸żְ
һұ޵ĺò޾ǸʤŮӡ
ÿļǵʵȤƫƫĸУ¾ϣòڵа
ʵڻɣԼλݶ͵ĸʵǹȥġ
͵͵һԱΣĴ˾а̾һʲôʱܽ
ƺĲɣòͬĴ˾䵭ڣռ棬̬ȣҪʧһȡ
費ɰԸ̣һͱĸˣλֵõ
Ƭ̺Ĵ˾ٴοڣӣǰΪȱжġ
Ǵ˾ԼдģҲһ֮оûмĻˮƽдһƪ˵ļģ㲻ضˡ
˦˦ӣһϮɫΪ˼ӺݣչҫĿâ¸̨ȥһ¡
·һ壬һ飬漴ġ
Ҳͷһظɣ˵ᳵ·
ƪĲ㳤ҲǴ˾ǵʵޣٳҪչˡ
ڴ˼桭Ľж˶٣׼Ľβ
̨ϷȻ˺һ϶˾Կ˹軰һ٣̧ͷͼŮϷˤ£ڼ̨֮ϡ
վԭأľãȻѵΪ̫ãΪλ


105 
壿̨µ循ȵ, ô
ŵ⣬ı
Ȼȣһȴûֳپ䱸, Ͼһ֮, ôҲȽΣա
˾˲Ϣڼ̨ϣ, ˪ѩһۣɡ
ǰ, һʱС࣬˾λ, ڳ嶼λ˾ų, ηм, Ҷ
Ϊλ̫, ¸Ƕλ˾ϡ
ÿĿ̲ס͵͵ͶǰŮ, ں档
˾̨ĵŮȥ಻һ֮ңʱ, ŮСȻ˫ۡ
ڶ»ָ, ˫Ŀвһ㿴ǰĴ˾
ǵɼǵ˿Ѿ֮, ĺۼѾȫָ, 屾һһǿᡣ

ļҵС, ôص, ¾Ȼ˸ô۸壡
˫ǡӦһ
Ϣ, 뼸λӻŮͬ
ⲻ˽Ӱɡ
飬ȷпܡ
Ϊ׶, Ҳģ૵ĸֺȶˣԽԼ߶ɣ
ôҲûԭģ뵱ΪӵĲڻĽҰ⣬Ǵ˾㹻ף˻ڵĲͲֻǹҪ¶ˡ
Ȼ轫ѹúܵͣûӹ˾Ķ䣬ڣΪ֮ףԡ
µƿĿ⣬ԼʲôҲû˵
Ȧסе̫ި˾¶һ
ĺ˾ü۵ܶȣӦиˣô˵
ֵָ̧һüģƬ̣˻Σ
һĻ費ɸп˾İȻ뻯Ӵ£ڣʱŴ˾˯Сܹ
Ѿ˯ȥ໹Ȧס̫ިڱԼ䱦
ȥĸ̻˾Ը
͵͵һۣ˾ҲڻɣСǲĸ˽ӡ
ǡҵ̧˾һ񣬿лص
˵ʲô˾̫ިʧڼ̨ϡ
̫ި֮ʱȻʮ֮
Ӵŵİĳ裬΢΢ü
Լյ̫ިɫʧȥʶ֮ǰͬһ
ԤϵʯҪ֮ʣɣϻض֪ǰڶ֮лϴͷͷԭǻص֮С
ֻǲɣϻѾϵıݣ²⴫һ׮̫ި֮¡
Ȼʱ󷨣Ǳɣϻ̫ިռ֮СΣ֮ʱ౾ܴ߶ӿռ֮
Ǻδ
̫ިͷȾѪȹѾ£һϮ°ȹѣơ
µ棬̫ި̽ʶԵȥ
ˣСŮһҩţ̫ިüۡ
̫ިһ۱㿴ĸףһֻڵİ
Ǵ˾ΪƵҩŮ룬ֵ̧
Ӧ˵ҩ̫ިһۣûнӣֻŮҪ
СŮһ˲ŷӦ˼Ҫ˾ҿΪ·
˾ԸˣλҪ㽫ȥ
ҩǲȣ˷ˡ
̫ިûж˵ʲôӹҩһ
̲࣬סü
߰ɡ
СŮæΪ·дż־֮ɫ˾ҩ࣬ҲԸȡ
ͬһʱ䣬УΪԭε˾Ϯһ󾢷硣
׷׶㿪Ķ̬ࡣ
˾ǺϵΪĴܣ⿪˵ڶطӡҲĶ֡
Ϊ֣ͬԭҲܼ򵥣˾뿪̫ިƫƫҲС
̫ިӰ಻˾Ը붼ץ˻
Ҳ⣬˾һӣ۾ӽȪУֿƣС
ƴţȴ޷
Ρ˾Ȼڡ
̫ިлǰԮ֣޴
Ǵ˾Ʋڶ̶ʮ֮ת롣
ԪӤΪڶɽʿ̫ިôܺ
̫ިǰȪһдżίζ
һ˿Ѿָ̫ި΢΢˾̧һ񣺡֪ǰա
˾˾ءѩƽص
˾
Ӧˡ
ǰҲֻʱ˾˾ء
꣬ʶȴ֮У֪ΪΡ
УȫȻݱܣճõ·
̫ިûлشȻһʱЩ
Ǿطӡйأ˾ٴοڣƬšڳѪ⣬ħѪ
飬ħ御ɣҲħѪߴ
̫ިǾ߱ѹħǣй¶ħϵһطӡƳԭ
֪һͬӡħľǶǴ
̫ިֻ˾˵ί֣ƴβĴȪΧĽơ
̫ި˾߹Ȫߣһס
ʶɨĬһ˲ǣʲô
һѪΪ˾Ӧӡ˾ظֶз̣ͣá
ûʹϷӡ֮£ֻƲᣬʱգ
̫ި
˾صĿϣѪͬһԴ
̫ި̲סü
仰˵˽ӡ˾ջĿ⡣
Ҽǵò֮λŮ̫ިЩ⡣
Ҳ˽ӣ
˾ȷףʵں¡
̯һλϣô˾һòġ
˾ĸ˵ˣպͻ㲻ؼǹҡԵһ߸
˵˶ٴΣΪӣʧ˾ѵ
æͷѵһ˳顣
һĻӻŮ̳Լĸ׵Ʒԣʱϴġ
˾ջĿ⣬̫ިλڴգȷѪ֮¡
£̫ިûоܾ
նɱˮһɽʿ̿ӦڸѰǵ٣֮УʵȻصӰȫ
߿˹ȥ̫ިֱ࣬ʱЩӡ
СȻѾеˣ
ǧ꣬ȴ¹ԭ򣬾̫ã
ŮϲθߴӢʮӡ
֪̫ި»󣬲һֱĽʺ޵״̬С
û壬Ψе²Ż»


106 
, ŮӴżŮǰһʤѩ޷֮ŵ˸ӨӨ, ˷Ů
ֻǽĿŮʱ˶һź
ԭҲܼ, , ʵ̫Ѱ
ٶûÿһʧɫ˺Ҳǲס
ΪԵ, ŮŮòҲһʤһͨ, ˵ӵ˶ҳ
Ϧˡڵļ̧, ̬
Ůֵص˵ͷ, ЯżŮҪȥ
ϻż껤æס, ˴˴˾, δ׼롭
Ů˵һŮǰǳҼҷǴ˾, ֳ̽Ҫ׼ɣ
Ůͱˣ껤Щ֪һãһϦ
һΪΧϢŭ, ʶǳð˷ˣ˿嶡
Ϧڣϸ޷ҲŻǣʵֳ˲ˡ
ֿŮ֪ַʲô£ؼŭ
˵գżŮƸƸõȥ
Ϧ˵ŮʵڷºͣǸ֮ˡűŮָűӺǳĻµ
Χ곤ļнһ񣬹Ȼ̫ᣬʲô͸󿴱ʡ
ϦݣһŮ¡
껤ûע⵽ǵֵҪô˾׼𣿾λӹǰҲ⣬ôϦ˾
һΪҲ֪Ϧ˾ãȻͬڱˡ
˾ĸϦ˵ĸ׽ظλнյĴ˾Ϊ˶飬Ϧ󣬴˾вӦοֻɳ
ϦҲ
ԭˣ˾Ϧ˹Ȼ
໤һͣ⻰䲻
ˣ˾ļ£๵ġ
ڣʯһȪཫһֻǰצ̫ިǰȪУβˮаţա
ʯɣϻ˵òᣬ̫ި࣬ıˮһɽʿҲˡ
צ̫ިΪһֻǰצڵ
Ȫж͹֮Чһʱһ¶͹Ȫϴǣʹǿ
ʱδܵö͹Ȫϴڴ˲ˡ
ڶ͹Ȫ˼գ˸ΪӲĺۣԭеĲƬҪ䣬̲סĥȪ赡
ڴ£̫ިѵϾ֮ʱΪҪľۡ
˳ؽͷϥϣ̬°͵С
ŲϦ̤Уɨ£ȴˡ
̤Ůǰˡ
Ȼ֪ס˴ֶԳ̫ި֮˶䱸˾һŮ±㲻ҪС
ӭӣֻڵȥ
ڵ֮УȪеĺϦһ˿ɫۺǣʲôϵ
Żصǲãδ˵̫ި̨һ¡
̫ިΪƬϦĿϣڣ澣ֳڣ
壬ҲֻŮˡ
Ϧвֹ¶𽵹󣬱ϾԼݣһŮʻԷӦж²ǡ
̫ިûᣬʾཫֺצŵ͡
˷ӦϦ΢ԴֳΪ˾󣬾û˭Լ
Ůŭʣ󵨣Ҽҷʻ㾹޶ã
࿴һۣ˫Ŀ֮вκ˫۾ϣʵڽ˲
Ů̲סһвܿƵֳɫ
㶯Ϧ̲סü
ע⵽ɫŮǿѹη֮ɫֵϦڴˣ㻹ػ
Ļ̫ˡ̫ިڿϦˣڵ
ϦֳЩβסŭɫһŮôԼǰ˵вݣݣԼһŮԣʵ**ݡ
ԿڣȻΪĿ֪Ҽҷʲôݣŭ˾Ҳס㣡
˭޹ء̫ިվĿ˪ѩ
ϦֳʺԸ澣£ʵʧ档
ýң˱ˣ㡣
ȽѺ£ֳ䡣
£ϦŮϮ̫ި
̧ͷʶδָȻϦ˵ʲôŮ̫ި֣ſڳХһ
ХһһεˣŮƷɣϦҲδ⣬ײڵʯ֮ϣˤڵأͷɢ˲ڵ棬޷ɢҡ
ˣͬǰļŮʱɫæǰ
ϦվΣûָ˭С˶ң
ǵӣҲҪһˣ
̫ިϻָǰһץ 𣬼Ⱥ󷢶Ϧ˻δüӦͱһ˳ȥ
֪̫ި󷨷裬˾رн̽ã㽫Щ˴롣
ϦлΪʱҲ޷ء
δܷӦѾͷµſڵ⣬Ǳֱ˳
ôӵ룬ۼͶſԼǰϦЦ˺αд˴񣿡
˾չ࣬⼸ղжͨʱǴץ˲㣬ǰͶι
ûڲУѾ࿴Լλĸ˽ӡ
ôΪֳչ׵ܱӦֳҲôõġԣʵһһζ˲پס͵Եĳ嶯
ʱ˵ϦʱǺһ˹
ŮйŽϦ
ѵϦױɢңǿһЦӽʲô£
ЦЦûҲֻǷһ²ŻǾ˾ʲô£
һ˵ϦɫãЩѿ
ֻǲӣײܵģϦһڵ̫ިǿת⣺ôҲǾ׷ķˣȴһССŮ裬ӿУֳǰҲӦΪҷֱ硣
̧ͷ̫ިĿ⣬ֿŻͷ֪ԼͷڶһϦ̲ס˹ǡ
Ϊ˾ԵʣλϦ£˶Ҫ֣ȫΪ˴˾档
޻˵ѵ˿ǰֻ
ϦˣλɲʲôŮǴ˾Ĺ͡ϳ˾Ȼܽ˵ŮҲ
ˣ
һŮƾʲô˾ĹͣϦ̫ިɫдϼĪζ̲ס߬䡣
躬ЦިСδʮ˻˼ǧ꣬ԼҲͬһСһʶɣ
ǧ꣬С
ϦϱݺŲЦֻһĹ


107 
ⷬ, ϦǿЦ˵ǣλͬһ֪µСƽϡ
ֻôҲǳֳ̽, ȴ衣ϦȻƲݵ΢, Ѫϡˡ
̲סü, Ц⵭Щ, ĸ׷ķ, ֮У˻롣
ͬĽõ̫, ᷳ
ϦĸΪ, ĸȴֻѰ, ֮ѪҲµŮѪϡ޷ΪΡ
Ϧƽӹ֮̿, ǧ, ҲΪ࣬Ҳʣǧû
, Ϊʵ㹻֮λ
Ϧȴྶͥ, , ̬֪֮ˣΪΪ
, ö飬ĸһδεشӳΪ˾˾ֵúôеķ֮λ΢
Ϧķ֮λǴ˾ԼĹͻġ
Խ˴лòصĻᣬԽ׺ϵϦȴܵпԼ˿ϡ
ղҲУȻҲ֪Ϧ˵ʲôﻰⶼἰԼȥ׶Դ˾Ķ飬֮󣬴˾ĸΪˡ
˾سΪ˾Ѿǧ꣬ôϦһһεͬҪȫȻʲôӦá
ܵ÷ˣֳΪģ֪ҶֳԸҡϦͷȻˣұ㲻̤ǡ
˵ţһѾջ䡣
⸱ģǽв֪˿Ϊ۸
ô˵ͷʹǴ˾ãֶԴ˾и֮Լֺαϻֱӽӳȥǡ
ƫƫǴ˾ã˵Ǵ˾ġ
һ滺͵Ϊ˴˾侲侲
Ϧˣˣû˭ӵ
ϦȴֻĬĬᣬûж
֪Լ棬̫ިΪ֮µǸ
ϦһûʲôøУ̫ިԼ׵ܵܵĵ£˭˭費ǺԵôϲɵȻϦԸ
費˵ձһʱЩ֣һϷĺľ̫ިڿڣȻ̤վʲô
Ϧһ٣̫ިĿԴżֲš
Լһᣬô˵ôʯĳˣ
̫ިĿ⣬˿Ϊ䵭Ҫһ̡
뵽ˤ˸ͶصԼϦɫ˲佩ӲҧŴһʱ֪˵ʲô
ֻҪһޣ۷ʲô㶼˵Ĵֻǿڿοǡ
蹴˹ǣϦԼæ͵ЦΪѵިǴ˾Ŀˣʵֲ̰ܽ
Ϧҧҧֳֵ֮õʩ
ұ㸸ĸܽһպ²Ҫźá
ⷬʵ˵ôȻԼȫΪ̫ިá
üȻϦ˵ΪͱʵڲôվǻʿިףԪӤ磬ֲֻˡ
֣һָֹסϦҪεɢ֮ơ
ӣϦɫ
һ̣̫ި̧֣нתϦٴα˳ȥ
µջԼ֣ɿһɾʹˡ
Ϊ̫ިϦĶ֣ųû뵽̶̼գ̫ިɹиƣһ·Ϧ
Ϧײڵʯϣ̫ިǰָٶϦûü㲻ܿƵٷɳȥ
һΣɳϹ䣬һʱͷòǱ
һĻ¶ʱȸ
Χ϶¶ɫô꣬ǻͷһؼ֡
ˤڵ棬ϦĳȫɢȾûзǸ߸ϵ
ĸ£̫ިͣڵŴӸµؿϦϲ㻹ûʸ񡣡
ϦָҲΪŭţǴ˾ã㾹ң
ΡһĨȣ̫ި
Ϧۣӣô
ҵݲֵһᣬֳǴ˾֮£ʵ޹⡭
û˵λδ⽫Լ̫ҪЩ
ô֣һŮѡ
Ůһ£𣬸Կж£̬Ȼ
һ̣ڳһڻ̧ȼϣ
嵱ϣ
ϦϣҪΪ
üӢޣôˣѵл۸Ϧ˲ɣ
Ϧû˵ֻĬĬᣬԱ֮£ǰ̫ިֱСĶԡ
״ȴδ̫ިǳ̾˿ĳϦ˵𣿳òÿͱˣһޣ͸ÿˡ
Ϧһ٣ʱøˡ
ǰǶߵģϾ˵ʵģϦò̵˵Լòãԭʵ
Ļ̧ۿԼĸ̲ס˳ǣΪߣһûڡ
Ϊ翰һǺϵ۷ĴܣҲе֡
ƽˣ飬ֻе檱ʮˣδ빬е¶ˮԵ
ϦֻǿŲ˵ЩȤƿۣĿ̫ިϣʱ˫һ첽ǰгһˣʲô֣Ը뱾ͬΣ
˵޹Ů
̫ި䵭Ƴһۣûлشʵڲ뵽档
ô꣬ĸȻԲģӵĵ°
˵ʲôѾʲôڵ˳׳β
С׶㿪һ޳ǰһգ㽫ץУһ೤СôúͱЩ񣿡
ǶԳǣЩ⡣
˦˦˼ٶ갡
⿪طӡҲǺϵ۷ֻ֣ͽ͵̫ިü־ȳࡣ
ûֹֻĿ
뵲סߣȴһ԰ֻܷŭХ
ϸһЩδ˼Լλ£еˣæѰ㰡
ȥϦ̲סˣϣ
عЩȣϦ˿޹ˣ
ڹܴ裬ΪǣϦ̧ͷӯڽޣ֮һк湶
⻰˵꣬ȴúûء޵ط˸ۣ˭Щϳǧ飬ҲΪ˶ˡ
̲סü֣صͬ˵ôʵڲôÿ
ⷬϦ᲻øˣ˵Ļ߷ߵ档
һͷˮؿԼĶӣ˵ʲôˣ


108 
һؿԼĸ, Ϊ˵ʵŻôİղϦỹαװ֮ӣӦʵˡ
Ϧ˻Ҫ޶ãԾʵ, ʵûȤ˿ޡ
˴Ƿ羰, Ϧʵ㲻ˡ
֪ϲϲ, ԭӡϦ˵
޵ģЩɵȻȷϲ㣬Ǵ˾ĵ̣Ҳֲܡ
ϦĿڣûιȥ
Լô˵ӦοԼ𣿣
, ĸȻϧ, ϦȻڡ
治Щ, Χڶ໤ͷ޷ɫϦɫǺ, ֻǶڳЦԼ
һбø֮ǰ, ڱչص˾ڳˡ
ֳϦ, Ͱ͵ػһ˵һ, æ˲ᡣ
ղ˾Խòˣ˾س֣ֺõЦ
η˲࣬˾رһ
Ͼ˾, еĹıҪԼҪҲ˶١
οΪ˶͵ܣһ˾صÿ޵ò֣Ȼʮ顣
˾䵭ؿһۣϦʲôʱ޹ˣٽ
ϲ˿Цȴ㡣
ֳ
Ϧ˵Ҫ£ϧ˾Ѿת׼
˶ڣϦֻܻͷ˽ȥв¶ί
ֳˣ֪ԼʲҲǱϾСһ𳤴ΪǿԼ
ǰˣô˳꣬ôܵ˾Ĵ˾
ǰúչԼǶ
Ϧ֪ΪĲǳΪԹ԰ЮԱ֪Ϊ
ص֮ڣ˾ûзϻֱϦΪ¡
ϦǿЦ뿪һʱգӦֳ̽ǡ
˾صɫֻһƬȻҲ㿴ˡ
ֳôϦᣬƺΪ仰ˡ
˾ؿڣͷ֪ԼΪֳ鷳˷⽫ֳĿŮԭҵĴ
ңӣ⻤ҲУֳΪ
̫ިָ˵㱻Լڻеֺ࣬һ²˲䡣
̬⣬ϦԽ˳
˾سĬؿ̫ިȴûп˵ʲô
̫ިĵؿϦ㣿ˣ
˵գתڽȫû뵽ᵱ˵涯֣Ϧ⧲ˤ˳ȥ
̫ިĿи˼͡
ϦݸǱֳؿô
˾˪ѩԼһͬϦǰɫҲǵǧ꣬ҪͬͲһʮСƽϣ
ϦˣԭΪ˾һΪԼµȴԼԤϵȫȻͬ
ҲϦˣԭިݣС嶯һЩҲ֡
Ż
û˵ֱ꣬ˣϦͣʵӦôȼ֡
ϦĻҭסˣ̫ިʲôãʲôҲá
⻰˵˾ġ
̾һȻȥǡ
һڼ뿴ϦҲһ͡
ӭĿ⣬ЩֵϦ˵ĸײڳ𣿽ȥǡ
ԭ˿
ϦȥǴһ⡣
ϦԼ£ֳ
ȻȸЩʱҲ޷˾ֻ
Ϧæڣֳ󣡡
ԥһ˲ֳֵǰյϢҺֳ֪ܷЩ
ԪܵϢҺһָܻˣϦУֳĸ˫ķϣһҲǺõġ
ԪϦĸ׵ԶףǰѰϦס£Ԫڽ𵤣ע;ޣͻԪӤ
ϢҺº󼴱˱Ҳܼһ˾ǰؾ˲ȡʮΡ
豻Цˣҵ˶ǣ˶Ҫֻ´˾æ
ϦۿЩ΢죺ԪҵˣʵڲԸ񰢵һ뿪ҡ
ȻֳͿڸ׵ķϣԪ衰ɡ
˾ɫδ䣬ѹȴԵࡣ
ôϦԴΪһδȡԼ
üȻϦĻЩ̶Ͼ˾صļ£ΪҲ޷
ںȻϦ̧ͷ˾ųɵݣĿʵղ̫𣬿Լʱ䵭ûа⡣
Ҳ֪ΪΣ
ûϵֳܻӦԼģûаͲнյĴ˾ϦοԼҪʲôֳܻ˲ϲ
㵱ҪϢҺ˾ڿڣѾʲô¶ȡ
Ԫ衽ղһѰҽҲδܴãϢҺָܻͻԪӤϦҶ
˾ػ֣ڵҺ帡ڰУϢҺ
Ϧ۾ʱлֳԪ衻ָˣұߵлֳ
ϢҺԪһָܻ
˾شĻϢҺ㸸ҵĶʹ˽ᡣ
ʲô˼ϦȻؿѪɫȥ
ֳ˵ʲô
ĸҲޣֳ˾ǧǰⳡһ׮ס


109 
Ϧ׹, ֳôô˵
ð
˵ζԵȥİûҰ, ôܵ˾Ĵ˾, ҪؽҶ𣿣ῴ˾أһ㡣Ͳ֪ǸС𣡡
Ҳ̲סˣüĿΪŭԽԵˣ㸸ڴ˾ж, Ҳˣ
㸸׳ѽ⣬˾, ˶٣ǰؾ֮Ϊ㸸ժȡҩ˼꣡
һĴ˾һ߾֮, ˾˾, ǧ޶, 㸸׸ģ
Ϧʲôʸ˾ǰ, ˵˾, ȫĸף
δ꣬˾رҪǰյѰҩϦ⼸ǧôȴǲ֪㡣
ϦᣬǲԼʲôûа, ֳгĻᡭ
˵ò˾ص, 㸸ǰѡҪôڳ֮Ҫôðǧʯ顣
֮, ϦĸΪŮԶЮ˾طħģһΥ, ҪħӴ˵;Ͼ
ʱ˾ز꣬ΪԣδΪ˾ǧʯһҲóġ
ñӵķʽҪ˾չϦһһ𣬶ף˾޷ٽΪס
ֻϦһ˵ĸס
˾شδ¸֪ˣϦֻÿһ󣬶ǰǧʯϢҺóǷ׵ĶѾ˽ᡣ
Ҳǵһ˵£૵ǧʯȱۻ߰
һҲʯѡ
̫ިĶҲһ٣ǧʯЮԱˣҲѵá
Ϧźһ̵ֻؿ˾أôᣬôģᡭ
˾زδĻȻʲôӦվϦһξãԼԶ
ԭЩ꣬ÿһİĶ顣
˽գѾĥ
ֳðϦһ䡣
ûֳʲôˡ
ҲҪϢҺˣֳҲãԭҡϦ᲻ϣ𷽲ţµࡣ
ϧ򶯲˾أˡ
ˣϢҺ벻Ҫ
˾ط֣ϢҺƿУϦȥ
ϦԼǰƿͬߵӣڳ˶࣬οһҲ
Ů˴Ϧһ񣺡Ϧˣ˾Ҫ飬ݱܴ˴
ҪϦԼ뿪Ȼǲ̫ܣŮɴؽ𣬽ƿŽУȥ
ֳ
Ҫ˵֣㱻ԣҲ
ϦѾ˳ã˾ڰν飬ʵʹ졣
㲻ؼٳУȥ̳þףһ
Ϧߺ󣬵ڶʱ徲࣬˾أ£輱һΪ£
Ҫ£˾زһӵѶ̸ϻǡ
˾ؿ̫ިеࣺۺǣͬһ
ͷСϸͬм񡣡
΢ĸС൱˽ӣ
Ҳ̫ȷڨڨ̫ȷǧӦûɡ
ʲôӦãĸԽԽˡ
СӣԽԽûˣ˵ĸĲǡݺڲϣʹ졣
˾ؿڣڽת⣺벻ǣֻȡѪһ֪
޴ĺſУΪ̫Ӵ󣬼á
˦˦βͣҲ̫СЩǶЩ
̫ިӹذǰצһһγѪ㸡ڰ֮С
ûֻǾǰצϵ˿ڿ̫ިģǿ
ҪǲһЩС˿ھҪˣ̫ިצӰȥ
˾ش߶ǵѪĿƬһ˲䣬ѪɫâʢȴûгִԵϵѪ
ȻǣǾ֮ɫ˾Ҳɾ⣬ྐྵȻ˽ӡ
ЩʧΪǵܵء
ΪԭΣ΢΢˿ԼûӣûǴ׵ġ
ףüֺĸʵЩϱ߶
Ѫ֣СȷԺһֻѪԵԶ
۸󻹹ҺһλȱǰµƬһԱ֪
һ֮Уȥ۸Ҷڣʱٽٻ֤
ĸѵпһεʱ򰡡̲סп
ĶתһȦ

¥֮УÿһյжɫƬÿһ֮嶼Ὣ令ȡղڴˡ
ĸԵѪֳЩɫڴ˴Ļ룬ɶںǰʦ
̽ȥյԵ֣һޡ
ǡϸһףĸĸ
ָ㣬òײιϵ涼Ҫһĸ
棬ߵں鲻úѽꡣ
Źֵؿ̫ިе࣬СȻĵܵܡ
̽Եؽһ䣺棿
ӿѪֵһ̣ѾԭأԭΪԼĵܵܣû뵽Լڡ
ΪЩʱԼͶι׵ܣû뵽Т桭
ڲ迴ʱδָʶ̫ި
ɥá


110 
ϳ, ˾Ҳδ뵽¡
ޡں֮ʱѾ䣬Ӧ֮ǰ, ȴ, 궼δƿǶ
С, ҲͲҪһ档
ϢأýϢǡһĴ, ܿԼ˸档СҲӦݼ档
Ϣһĳ, ûһ, ڱչ, ʲôҲҪȵԡ
Ӧһ׵ܱһ, ĴʵڲС
˾صͷ̫ިࣺҲΪ׼䣬ýһ˳
, һĴ, û뵽治ҵ£ǱǼСǿˡ̾һĿ̲ס̫ިȥ, ϧÿˣԼҲҪһˡ
, £
̫ިüĻѾʶʲôҺǵ¡
仰, , ˾أʲô
˾δ¶̫Եɫлܿüֲ֮⣺Ȼǵ, ΪҪ
ɻཻ
̫ިȴ˲ͬھƺع֮УѪУһԼҲ֪֮
˾ؿ̫ިۣɫͫκδ˵ֻѪбóɻ
죬ȴδڴʱ
Ե̫ިʶգ̱㵽øĵز
żźڣԭһᡣϹ֮ʱΨཻܽɻӴ֪ٲ룬ȴδйΡ
ٲ룿̫ިȻ뿪ƺع֮գ޷뿪֮һ¡
ٲ룬ǿִеġ
ֻ⣬Ҳн֮Щ鷳ިԸ⣬ҲһáʶգѾ󷽵ػ̫ިһިˡ
̫ިе˵ʲôͷܵţ˫Ŀ֮Ѿ
ء̫ިĬƬ̧̣ͷʶδָлڣпǣһһ
ȷڽ⿪طӡ֮λûǸ»Ϊá
࣬ŵǰ˳׽ס࣬ɨһ۱֪ݣѾ֪꣬Ϊʶ¶
ħѪϾطӡȴѪȫӡ̫ިнӹ࣬ϸ̽ľ
ħȻϾ֪꾡ʿͬӵѪ޹ǿѪ֮
ױӡƿ֮һУδѪ֮ڷӡƳ֮ѪͷţһʱԿԭΪ£֪ΪΣʶҲ֮С
ѪҲʧȥʶ
ŷӡ̫ިͣħǿܼʱ֮ǰͬѾܵħǳԭ򣬲Ż˽ӡ
ǾȥʱħǣħֱҲ˿Խֻ֮ѹӡ
ţԼУ͵ſ죬ѪɫɷƮɢ˾ηʱ֣
طӡƣԻָֻ֣ǣȻΪΪ¼ɵײҪǰ¶ħ
̫ިס죬˹֪
һռ䣬ΪɨúһȻʸڹеһһֱסвЩ񻰡
Ǩ֮գԼŮˣ˾رչأδ͡
һȺλ棬Ŀв֮ɫҲ˶һ㣬д⡣
̫ިӵڶζһߣʼյ
˺գ֮ж֮£ʮֺλ˪лͣп̽Ŀ⡣
̫ި̫ȡ౾齣Ϊ˴
ɫﲻ˪Ⲣǳ˽⣬һѪɵõķǷٶģ롣
ڵ̾ȵɫҩҺУʹϮ۰Ͱ͵ؿԶ̫ިȴĿδͶһƳ
֮ǰеĶ͹ȪͬݵҩҺҲΪ򰾽ǣЧøʹҲˡ
ǿȸһȻҪ̹һЩ
˾Ϧ׵ŵ֮˽ħģͻƵļбչء
ʵʱ飬ҲϦᣬһһε˾󣬺֪㣬ھͻǴ˾á
Ϊ֮ӣǧ꣬Ҳδõǧʯ֮ࡣԼĸίΣ̵Լ
̫ިһʱգˮʧһɽʿɣϻŭʿݣড̿ҲֻҲ
ɣϻȻ֪̫ިѾӵУ֪ˣˮĴǣûʸΧڡ
̫ިˮоɳ𣬵δ͸¶ҲδҪѹˮ뷨
һҪ뿪ǵģʱ൱Σûá
ʵԶȸ߰ȫöࡣ
̫ިԼֻûҩҺУȻʹȴδ⡣
ҹɫ¹ǰͥУӳ⶯Ӱ֦Ҷһ㱡ѩ
ǶĩѾתůļ
ɫҺȥɫҩѾľබ˶Ȳ̫ިȥ
οһҳ̫ިϸ֫ЩƬᱡɴӼϻ˪ѩ֮ɫγԱȡ
̫ިĿУʿ붨֮ʱʱʧȥĸ֪
һСģȴԸǰ붨
̫ިϣβõϲƬ̣̾㡣

ģͷȴ֪㹻
̫ިһһص΢΢ɢȥЩ˼֡
˭
ǺҪˡ
ġި
ΪΣ̧˫ؿ̫ިþò
˳۽޲̫ިۣĿ⡣
ʵϪ֮ʱϹӦ֮ѾָܹΡԣԭθԺٱΪΡ
úܸ֪ܽ˴˵ĺ̫ިпԼ
˫ֻӰӡ
ĺȻ©һġ
ڡި໺ڣΪδ˵Щͳ
̫ިһʱյøˣٻһһθࣺި
Ǽ̫ިڻعϰ׽ʶȥȴ̧ӵס
ިһظ֣дŲݺӵĻϲ
ȼģ̫ި֡
̫ިֶ̧˿У֣Ĭӵ


111 
ǰ, ϦЯŮվڴ˴һ£, Գʮֵ䡣
ѵòʩ죬ɢ, δκ
սδɢ, УϦɫ԰׵òʲôѪɫ, ȥǿ
ż˽, Ŀ⿴ˡ
Ϊ˾صԵʣʶϦʵڲ٣ʢ, ˾°
˾, ôվڹⲻȥģ, ˭ίһ㡣
Դ˾ݣ, ˭Ҷò
Ȼ˲, ֮Ϧ˿˵вӦ
ô°µյֵصĹŻ, ϦĿں档
ôҲǻʿ㺮粻ɣɫ԰׳, һװġ
ǲ֪װ˭ģ˴˾ӦҲбˡ
վñֱ۷Ҳû, ȴ˾չУɨŮ⣬˲롣
ǰ˾չؿûôԸ
һȻֻǸ˾£
ļ˼۾ʲô˵ģ˵ǰϦ˻빬أôͻȻˣ
ûпȴδͣҲǸֵصı˵Ϧͬסڵе˳ͻ˳
Ǵ˾棬¶ˣٽûãֱŮǿ˳
ӳǽ⡣
°ͣλŹ棿ϴøСݼ
Ϊ빬ġ
ˣȻ˾򣬲ٶȡǴҶŵ¶ҡͷ̾
ϦԼΪͣһ۸ԼģһԲϾ͵ᣬв˶Թƿ
վ˶ã
ĿбӣٹһӦþʱ
ʱҲ̫ûˣҲϹһ򡣡üΪϵƽ͵ǧ¶ҿԴԼȡ
ô˵̲ס˸ۣҪȥһֱվʲô
˸һϦҲֵ֪ܼʲôʱ򣬼ûʲô֣ȥݼˡ
˵գת̤빬š
ˣǻǻȥɣʱϦʲô΢ŮȴЩܲˡ
Ϊ㹻ҲϦ贫Ůˡ
СŮõϦ磬ʱɫЩˡ
СϦŹնҪֳҵĳ⣬ǰҲãһĵġ
ɢҲ˭ܴ̽Ϣ˾̬ȷϦ׵Ķ飬δֲϦΣһĨڣ֪˾Ȼչء
Ʈ׷ѩϦҧŴʼûгڴǸӰʧֻŷŭ
ֳô
˾أ㵱壡
ƥſװ񣬵ס
һֻɴָȾʺޢ˵òڰײܿ
Ϧôɵվ빬һյȲ衣ŮԳڴдλεϷʡ
Ϧһ仰˵Ǻ̤ʱͲվˡ
ǰɳ˾ظȨһ˾زٴϦûʸ빬š
عģҸմӹڳڴվһվҪظˣϦŲӵȫȻ֪ԼϻѩѾй¶ࡣ
ŮЦһǵҶˣÿ֮ʱ˾һ顣
Ϧ˴ʹԾս֡
˾صݣ޼ɣҲŮӱ֮һ
ϦδгһԼʧ̡û˾أʲôҲǡ
Ůûй˼Ϧ飬ٴοڣ˵ǰշ˱ӳһˣ嵹ǿվϼʱҲûʲô⡣
ϦɫԽѿ˵ʲôŮȴᣬٴζϻѩϦһ
뷢Ѿʻ빬ţֻǿѹסŭŮظ
ΣŮǴһ
صУϦŭаڷŵĻƿƵ漴
ôˣŻ룬ʹޣü
Ԫ衡Ϧ̧ͷŻһѾϢҺˣ
˾ͽԪ衵ͷ㿡ʵһĨЦ⣺ǣл㣬ҵҲûа취ָ
ϦϢҺ
ãϢҺʲôϦ᲻ֳֹΪʲôһ㣬ô꣬һֱҿУΪϢҺңٲС
޵úǿ˾ͽԪ۵һ˿ȴԴ˾дһʱ˰㣬֮Ȼͨġ
Ϧ飬Լױ˾ħ֮¸֪ˡ
˾ͽԪ衿ãϦ᣺ָͻԪӤ磬֮обԣҪһƬġ

ڣǰŮ΢΢üϦ滹ǲģżն빬İڹŴȡ
û˾ؿڣ󣬿ϧϦȵѾչأעЧ
˾չص£ѷԸУʱλϦ֪ˣģҲΪǰøЩۡ
΢΢𴽽ǣɲʲôˣԣʲô
˪ֻ̫ިͬԶΪΣһɵ̫ި̧֣һ׳׽ι
迴һĽȻ֮ǰ̫ިǵ£ڶչˣͬҲû
òǺܴɰп
ô˵»ǲԼ˵̤˵С
תͷɫдżֲͣȻָЩʶ̫ި⣬˻䱸
̫ި裬ƽڣ¡
ЦЦһѰŮӶ֮ϣިСοкת
ಢ˵ʲôһЦʱ̫ܲިĿ˱ϡ
̫̽ިǰ͸Ų֪ռި
С˵ˣɫ
ިȫû˼ֻ̫ިٻһ
ظ̫ި֣ʧЦѵֻ˵֣
̫ި֮£һ͡
ͷިչС棬ĸ飬ҪΪʲôλǾϢپ
˵ţԣΪԼһյ衣
ʮ֪֮ûǰλдԼ
ĶĵȻڻǵ£ҲԶˣΪҸҲóһ
оеƻᣬѵõ֣ިﲻСҲȥһƣ
ƻĺʱΪ洴ᡣ


112 
յյ, ҹӳɰ硣
֮֯˵Ц֮ڶֲ䷲
̫ިԹŶ, һ㽫и˵óӣʵǳԺֵһѺ֡
ڶˮڶຣͳʱ, ֮г, Ҳв, ԻΪ
ƹڵ·, £ɢů˵Ĺâ, صϨ
Ѿͬſڵк, ިСʲôʱˣֱӻعǡ迪ЦȻ˴˳ȻҪȫң㲻λͬУȥѰҵˡ
ֲԼҹĻȻͬһ
̫ިͷʾԼ֪, УСΪ೤Щܡ
С治ԭô迴Ρ
ԼصΪ˻ᣬ˭֪˿, ̬Ҫδި
಻˵ʲô̫ިҲδ˼ֻƽǡ
˵Ҳٶԣֻܳ̾һź
ˣȥѰǼͬûмѺȾưɡ
ڲ뿪̫ިһʱ徲ࡣŻһ·ǰ߹϶Ц⡣
쳾ɣ̬ҲãҲãŬػšڴˣ̫ިԭҲΪ֮ࡣ
ҹбΪ裬ǽУ̫ި
԰ʯʰ£ƻͨ°ɫʱ·ӹ
İĺˮĬʣҹкȻһ죬ֻѤ̻ʢҹĻ֮ϣԸ߿׹䣬С
̫ި̧ͷһĻĲӳڵƻ֮УĪ˼׵̻
УҲͷ̻𣬾þδܻ
ǰһɽ۶֮Уһ̻
һյյƻУЦ֮ҲЦţӿ˳ûƬƻС
ԳʼþѩɽΪӾѧʮ󣬳쳾
ΪԹֵʶһ̣Щһ̣ٴα޾û
Զ꿴򣬲֪˵ЩʲôɫһƬͨ걻˳ߴϿǰ
λ棬Ǻûᰡ
ԥڹǰ̫ͣި࣬Щ͵ؿڣáã
ԣ̫ިתͷĿϡ
Լ껹˵ʲôѾ͸ˡ
λÿ
Ҳǹε𣿡ŵʵǿԣܲͬУ
̫ިû뵽иδµǰѰԼͬΣӦֻǻھܾԭԹеȻΣ˫Ŀؿꡣ
һ彩ӲоԼһͷ޶ϣܵҲûС
ѹϯѪֻѹɪɪ޻֮ܿƵðһǡ
Σͬļ˶ǰŨصѹ£˵ΪͷֱͦѾǼޡ
ס̫ި֣ڣިҵġ
ָָ̫ިָָԼȻ˵ûǺû˸Ҳ˵Ļһ¡
¶ʧ֮ɫԭΪ̫ިбֻ裬ǰڨû뵽Ѿ֪ˡ
൲ԼǰıӰ̫ި΢΢ü
Ժһ񣺡Сðǰ֣֮Ҷúùܽ
Ȼ࿴ȥֻģʵΪȣԿ϶ԼĶ֣һǰӦ
Ϊ꿸´ѹ˫ȶЩ˿ɥһ硭
ȴһ̬δοǰ
˪ӣΥĻֻܹԹ
಻̫ިܶ˵֣ʶָҲޣδöԣҲ֪ӦԣԽ޷ЩС¶ѡ
˵գûп࣬ʱ෴ķȥ
ıӰĿ͸ֲᣬȴʵûе׷ȥ
ЩãȻ̫ިӰԶˣæ׷ȥ
ס̫ި֣ಽظߣɫ˫һ͸һɲ֪Ļϲ
⿴һĻ̫ި͸ż˵ĸӡ
ǰǾʶҲĶˣֻͬվ;̫ިΪ֮ǱѾվа档
̫ިûݫiӣûгΪ̿ͣôܾѪδĳޣ໹һ֪
Լֹͬϵȴûһ֡
֮ǰ̫ިֻԼĶռлָʶԼͻϲ顣
ŷ£̫ިʶʲôδͰ׻Щꡣ
δǻĹϵ
̫ިң಻࣬աˣϲҲãҲգҪ
಻ͬ
̫ިʼռǵãףʱ֡
Ϊ˵ǰΨһһ΢ĩ
ǰаĳӾ̫ިͣסŲ
ި
໽һȴûд
в֪ʱһ°ɫģСΪڷ䣬żֺõؿ
̫ިһ˲Ȼ磬ˮվڻ£һǡõʱ


113 
λ, лݣ꺣öʯͷվһԣ̲ס
񸮺Ŀ˲ٹŵ, ǰ۹⵹ǲ, һþ˸׼
ʯû, Ҫǿòķ, ԼֱӺѲǵĻˡ
˿װӲȱʯͷû̷
, Ϊ⣬ѲĻ֮ƽҲ˲ֹһû˸ڴΡ
ͷĻ̫ިָԼǰ, Ż, кǴӺζȴ˴𰸡
ʯ, ͷתŭΪϲ, ̫ިά񸮺ʵ, Ҳֻйò, 񸮺ӳ£Ųʧɫ
˸Ҿϲ̵ػ
࿴Լ̫ިҲ˵ʲô, ߰ɡ
׽ס֣棺ÿ
̫ިĿ⣺˵亣ģ
ÿ
̫ި΢Щʧ񣺡˶٣
ȴֻؿ˵ʲô
, Ǳܡ
̫ިջĿ⣬Ѿƽ࣬ת仰֪Լ˵ʲôʱ˵ɡ
ַ¥ϣӰڵĴ鿴˲УʱյоҺһҹûù
䴹£һȣ̬
ȵ˽лžƺȣ
㿪֣ؽһ߿ôҹ
ڵϴ˸͵žƺеȥţôûˣ
ˣΧЦж⡣ǲ裬߿˲پ̳ȴ

һ̶ļڲԶԭЩ˵ʱѹʶȥ
Ǵ⴦ַдġ
ɫһݣ¾յһ䣬αʧԭء
֮УղٵŮڵ棬ϢȻɢ
ΧˣŮڽ䣬յһأкᣬǿһУġ
ĲһӳǷӵϢַ
Ͽգסɫڰһ籩
֦Ҷ̽ԺǽһʯϦͥУ̧ͷԶƻ̷һԵŮսս̬֮
˾ͽԪ衻صԺʱıɫΪѿϦ
΢΢Ȼô
Ϧɫܲÿȥ˺δôڲŻ
͸¶żͱ˵ʡ
˾ͽԪ۵׷ɿӹһ˿֮ɫȴǰ˵ҹԸΣұΪһյ
Ϧεеԭܼ򵥣ʧ˾رӻĹŶȥԾЦλԸš
棿Ϧࡣ
˾ͽԪɽȡһյɵƣЦݸϦ
ֽ̧ӹ⻨ȻѰѵá
ϦɫתΧŮɴ˿
йȻҵġϦ˾ͽԪ衣жϢҺʹϧ㵭Щ
ΪϢҺԼλʧֳġ
Ҳֻˡ̾һϢҺãǰձе˿ףãΪܱȵùˡ
ⷬ̾ȻǻлϦ˾ͽԪ衣ԼϢҺžĵ;
˾ͽԪ衵һ֣صûа㣬нգĴԪ
Ϧ˹ǣϻҵĹϵα˵Ļɡ
ЮԱϣǵԼʮ洫
˾ͽԪվ˾һ㣬ȴΪҵ˰㣬ʵҵĹѾʮգǲԸ𣿡
ϦɫһֳԸֺαؽϣ˾ͽԪϡ
˾һ㣬һΪϵܣ˾֮λģмˡ
ΪϢҺֳҲҡϦ˵ţ
˾ͽԪ衼ˣѹ²ͣʾһŮ¡
Χֻʣ֮ʱǰԸ⣬ʵиӣܽд˾ת⡣
Ϧ̧ͷȻ
΢΢ս͸¶һɲ֪ĿΣֳңλа취
˾ͽԪЦһԹ԰Ļ˵ͬĹƣ
ͬĹƣϦһ
˾ͽԪ衶˶٣θڣֵһżֻ֮Ҫ˾ͬĹƣӴ˱ΪֿʱҲص㡣
ѹдĹƻζ
ϵĹƣϦȻֳǺϵĴܣҲãҲãײܶãοҪǱ֣ǻҡ
ġ˾ͽԪƺأͬĹˮУΪΣ뷢ֻ֡Ҫô˾£Ӵ֮ˡ
Ϧ૵桭
ͬĹƣЧãֳܽ
Ϧ¡
ֳ
˾ϦУھ£ѣܲΪ֮ġֻ˾ضŮ֮˼ʼգж
ڣȻ뻳ĻᣬϦôܲΪĶ
пͬĹƣϦԾץס˾ͽԪ衵ָ֣ΪЩס
˾ͽԪЦЦ𰸣ǰҪȻͬĹΪ£Ҳһԡ
áϦ¶˾ģ̧ͷ˾ͽԪ衣õĻᣬһҪһԡ
ãϦ˾ͽԪ衲ƿţڰ֮УϵЦѾȫʧȡһžϱϦչĵطٲ֮ɫ
Ż
¾ȼ֮ǰѻΪҽ


114 
¾ɽ, Ѿһ֮ųزյ˾Ҳ֣˪ѩ, 䵭
һϲĳ, Ϊ˾ЩӦϯ
Ҳʹ̫ިҪǰ, ̫ިԴ˲ȤȻҲ
˲ȴͷ
Ϧ˲ʯżⳡ磬գֻͬ´кǸԼλñǣۡ
̫ިϦӳ, Ѿࡣôʱ, Ȼ㹻̽˾ضϦ̬ȱ仯ЮԱ֮£Ҳ͸¶ЩϢ, ø֪иס
, ˾δ, һйڡ費ö޶ãֻܰų
û˾سΪϦȨ֮ʵ㲻ʲôοһΪɸɣ, ܷӸ֡
ϦǰɫζͬĿͶвٶſЦζ
պ޷ǳ, 뵽ĿģǿѹͷŭĬĬˣ黹Ϥ˶ľ졣
ｻ䴦ȼ滨㣬ȵҲپ׷ǰơ
һ߲ܣɴ˾յ̳һʱ̣Ѿȵˡ
֮£׵˾ֻʳƺȫδڳ˶飬Ȼ᲻ʶȤ
Ϧһǰע⵽ĶΧ߻򰵵ϡ
ֳϦͣ˾ǰһ񣬾ѵõȫ
˾鲻䣬䵭ؿδпڵĴ㡣
Լ̬ȣϦίǿǣһЦľһʱۿȻѾЩ졣
ֳǰҲ£Ϧڴϣֳԭһ⣡
£ԭڸЦ̸˶ֹס˻ͷ˴
˵ֳ˾δΪϦĻ˿£Ӳٸġ
˷Ӧ˰˾Ϧˣȷǲ֮ǰˡ
ӭڶζĿ⣬ϦֻѿΣ׶ж飬ҲףôԼ
ǡϦͷȻ˾
ģ͸ʮĿʱв˿ΪƽΣϦ˵ĸ׶Դ˾дʲô׵ķϣҲ̫̰ɡ
ǰϦ˶ѾǸˣ˾ôδҲ̫ˡ
£壿
Ǹͬߣ˾صĵλϦ֮ʱǿ֮С
λϦˣôվ罫úˡò欵ŮЦһ쿪ڵΪĶ飬˾ΪϦʰǧ̯ӣλ˵壬βԼܲˡ
վ˵ۣ
һ㣬ſڵ˶ڨڨ죬Ůӿ֮ʱǲڵرĿ⡣
˾˵ϦάǿЦ⣬еǰ¶Ҳá
˵ţȡϵľƺΪ˾һ
յƣֻ֡˾ϦΪԼϾƣֽ価
ڴǰ˾յǰգ˾չأҲ߶ţյƼҵ
յоҺ峺ɢŵ㣬κ쳣
˵ˣ˾پܾԵ̫ѪȡյϦյơ
һ̣ϦΪ޴ȡ
Ԫ˵ʮ֮䣬ͬĹƱܷãʱֳֻܿüһˣ
պ󣬲߽˪ʱɫʵڲÿ
ֱΪԼһյ裬һڽеŭʱƽ
ʿĪ迪ڣΪ鲻ѡѾԵƻĵڰ𣬳лǵҲδܽץ񣡡
ַŮһʶɢȫδֹһ㡣
ʿü֮Ϊʶһ̤;ΪʶҲ᲻ؿʶ𽥱ǿ
ֻ磬ʿʶҲοЩʿԪӤ֮ϣʶȫʧʵڹŹ
Ҵδ˵¼Ӷʿʶеķüͷ壬Ѿʿ˴˼䶼޹Ӧǳɱ
ިĸ£ЩʱӦûϾСϰǸһЦ˾ȻأЩʱգСǰȥС
轻ιΣҪӣ½Ϊʡ
̫ިͷҲʲô¡
˵䣬ͥ۶˼öɫױһݸ̫ި
̫ިҲûзĺ⣬ȡһöڣƽ˿ζΡ
軰дżֺ棺ζΣ
̫ިƳһָۣ΢һö㸡ǰ
Ŀڲϣʵ㲻ơ
貢̫ި֮˭кؽӹ
һ̣ɫȻЩŤ˼ֿɬѹûɣ
ۼѾˣ̫ިҲװʲô۰Ͱ͵ؿԼɫ糣ؽС
ҧһڣ漴һ޶ķӦ
ЦһɨޱؽʣµķƣϵЦʱˡ
㡣࿪ڣȻʲôҧѾһ
ЦãͲ˰ɡ
ජȫޱ飬ջǲȰ̾һһѻδ
˭ء
ˣĸ˳֪һϢµ֮ǰܳأλٵһȡЩ¶
̫ިףЩʱѾ㹻СɽϵϣҶѾ½ƿ»ص棬;вû̿ͳ֣Ҷ£ӵһҲѡ
Сɽһж죬żз粨Ҳѹ
̫ިڻСɽһʱա
Ƭ̺ȥ
Ůӵ߳һ˾ڵ֮У
ûһתŶȥʿΪڡ
һߣ̫ިһУŨù֡
˾ڵڣŨ۶һƿɲ
ֺֻԽϵ
֮У̫ިȴһ˿˾أһ˲䣬۵׺ȻһɾΥ֮С
ûԥ̫ãת֮УֳͫһƬɫĿֱֱ˾ϡ
˾̧ͷ˹
̫ިδƿĿ⣬ڵΪ뿴͸˾β¡۴ʹ̫ި鲻ģֻǽԴԴעۡ
ǰ˾ؾĪһɱ˿ĸо΢΢üڣިǺ⡣
̫ިûлشеѾڴ߶ͫ
У˾ֳһһɫ·ü֮Уһֻ΢ɼķɳϢʶ֮ڣڳߡ


115 
Ѿ, ֳΪλδټңϦ˾ͽԪ衣żֲ͡
ôգڵֳ빬, , ʱԿЦԼ˿ˣ
˾ͽԪΪһյ裬ͬĹû輸, 㲻ļһóԸġ
˵, ΢΢
Ϧӹյ, ȴƷ, ڽꡣ
ͬĹƵЧ̲סڡ
˾ͽԪ˹ѵǻңܰλẦ㡣
ȻŵġϦֻܵ, ˾ͽԪ衣Ҳûбѡ
µŮ첽Ϧһ
ΣϦȲʵ, ʲôϢô
˾طͬĹƺ, һֱעϢ
ط, ֪ΪΣоȻϣֻ˵˾ٴαչأûԵϢ
ôϦվ, 龪ɲ
˾ͽԪ衣ô£
˾ͽԪϲδֳʲô֮ɫЦ˵нʿɥмӽѲҲֻ֡ĵһȣʮ֮䣬һнġ
, δҪġ
Ϧ˾ͽԪתطһƬ֮ɫ
ϻͬĹƣȴС
ҹɫһ¸֦ͷ¹䣬Ө׻ҹоĬʢš
յķ绹ż⣬ɫӰӴӽӹڶؼ׵Ļɴ˾ȴһ˷쳣
ؽƾ򿪣ɭϣǶɽپʿҲܲκ˱С
ӰӽƵķ϶߮룬Ϣһ㡣
˾ضڵУɫ֮ƽ԰ࡣüĴȻ͸ں֮ɫйŨĲζ
Ϊѹסüķɳ棬˾ؽȫΪӡʳʶٶȼ
˫޷Хڵ˾üĺɫԭѹסķɳʶ֮ᣬʱҪ
ɫԽԲ԰ףתӿ룬ײһѹסֻʶ֮籩ķɳ档
ɫӰӻһŻΪʵ壬˾ͽԪ衸վ˾ǰλ˾ʶǱԤϵĻҪǿ󼸷֡
עֻܳΪԼϡ
˾ͽԪ̧֣ǰһץ
ԤϵĲͬɳ沢δ˾ʶ֮ܽ𣬽˷ػ޷ѵ
һ̣˾ͽԪѾʶԣûԥȥ
̫ިںǰչˡ
ƽչ˾ͽԪֻǱڣƬ̣һɫβ˻ȥŵ˼ݵؿ̫ިࡣ
УҲ̫ިȷ˾ͽԪ衲ֻԪӤ硣Ϊ˾ĵδҲ̫ˡ
һˣ˾ͽԪ衺ԥ˾ȥܺӰΪʵʡռȻˣ㲻޹
ʲô˾ͽԪܴӰ̫ިüڵ棬̧棬˾С
ӰƹһȫȻͬ˾زһ֮ңʱѾϵһХˡ
̽Ѿ㹻ϵ۷ѹϯڴ֮Уˣһ˾ͽԪ衺ġ
ӰɢһѪֱֱ׹ڵϡ
æڣĸˣ
ڵ棬ȻвĻûٶֻ֣Ƿַȥ˾ͽԪ衵ĵ
֮ǰ޹ʿΪ迴ֻʣһ˾ͽԪ衣Щ£ȻʶĹ
˾ͽԪѾ࣬ڼ䲢δκ쳣ص̫ãΪŵĹ
˾ڹƳܽ⣿ʵҪ¡
̫ިȻ˾ʶڵĹƳ棬ȴ֪ܽ⣬һ㣬ֻ˾ͽԪ衲֪
˾ͽԪ̧ͷĿɨǰˣЦһȻش
쵹ͦӲü
һ죬˾ͽԪ衵Ť״вܿƵط˻֮亹
ͷʵʲô
˾ͽԪ衿Ŀ̲סϼ־ɫ˻ˣ¾ûܾȵ
ԷΪ˾ͽԪ˸ſ̶Ĺâ
˹ǣȴ˿Ц⣺һϲв
˵ţ۶˾ͽԪ֡
̱ڵϵ˾ͽԪ衺ʪ£ҧ㵱治ںһ˾
һԵĲ費ս֣˾ؽ̵龳޶ԡ
˾˫̸ۣԼҲ쳣䵭һ˾壬ʲô
Ĭԡ
˾񶯵̲סڡ
ʱ˾ͽԪͶڵӰģһ˲Ȼʵ壬ֱ
ع˺󣬼ʱ㿪һ
ɫأ˾ͽԪ衷ѾĸȥԦʹ
ڵʶ
̫ިҲ˵ʶ߻ΪʵԦʹй
˾ͽԪſ죬зεˣ˾ضĵķɳٴ궯ʶ
ɱ˾ǿסʶеľʹ
ûж֣ɱ˾ͽԪ衣˾ô죿
ûκα飬ֻһƬȻָǰ˾ͽԪҪ
û뵽˾ͽԪвŲ֮ɫŭЩϣ
ǿҵһĪ״ɢиԤУ˿
𻤶ܣ˾غͲ軤󣬲ԶԭΣβס̫ިҲһȥ
Ҳһ̣ϷŨصƣ׵ţƺˡ
ɢȥõΣǣβ̣˫ֻһƬ֮ɫ
ʲô૵
̧ͷϷƻۣ϶˼֣أڵҲ֪һʲôö
Ӵײϵ۷ΪҲú˼Ѫڡ
ֹסȥƣɢ˾ס˾ͽԪ衲ԪӤΪȻƥ֮
λɫأ˾ͽԪѵǱʲôˣ
صǱᣬܺ޺ۼ
סģֻ
˿꣬Ҳ顣
֮ɨУ֣Ӵ£Կз󷨵Ĵ𽥱̳⼸컯Ϊ档
һ̣̫ިкʲôʲôţҪǰݻ١
շֻɳʱҲͬĳ嶯
̫ި˫֮жȼ˱ɫ
֪Լ֮صʲô
һرԴƬ
ⷽأıԴƬ
ǵƺʶʲô̫ިڵķ¡
̫ިûж㡣
֮壬ôڴ
³ÿһ֣Ŵ˼صķԳ档
Ʋɫĵ˸µһ̣׵䣬֮ĽӰ⣬ʼ
˾ͽԪ衵˻ţȴ޷ֹԼ𣬡ôᡭ
رԴôһڣ
Ļûü˵꣬ޱ߽֮лΪޡ


116 
׵кʱ, ֮⣬һϮɫµ긺ɽ֮ϣȻ
һѽһѿߴؽ, ʵ޻Ϲɫžɵͭ壬ڷзЩͳ
, ѾһƬ档
ޱ֮У̫ިԭ, ذȹ˫Ŀɫδȥ, ˲ֱӵ⡣
̳ɢȥοЩ, ֻҪһĻ, ˸ҽѰŮ
̫ިɫЩ԰, üӡ֣ŽرԴ֮, ˲, Ȼû˪׹Ĵڡ
ǰ˫Ŀ̫ިʲôҲû˵ʲôѾ˵ˡ
û¡̫ިЦЦ, żԼҲδᡣ
Ϸδɢȥ, ϸȺ, Ҫһۻ
˾ԭ, ȻѾ䣬ͣʶеĹƳȴţʶ
ΧѹƹƳ󷨱ƻ, οȥʵڲôá
̫ިɽ֮ȡһöҩ£˿˿Ƶָյ˾üġ
һ̣Ƴһ㣬Ҫʶȴδܶ˲Ϣɻɢ
˾ͽԪĹƳ棬ʶΪ̺֮Ϊ黯Ҳ޷ײڡ
ƳԭûʲôֻҪûΪǸ̤;ʿҲ׻ȥƳ档
֮󣬼˾ΪҲʮּ֡
ʶеľʹˣ˾ۣΪձʶָ
л̫ިһ
ͲҲ̧һҾΪ˾˾سʲô£ԣһ
ި֪˾ͽԪ衵ֻһƬȻ
ķϣԶŲҹУԳֳơ
Щʺڴ˴˵̫ިתͷ
⻰˵òͷʾչ˺˾أ̫ިһͬ˪ȥ
̫ިԣǣǣ粽롣
һӺ󣬷˪ڣŮȲ裬ͷ˳ȥŲ΢š
⣬˾ͽԪ衱֮ת̫ިûзϻżɽ
һرԴƬܸ֪˾ͽԪ衵겢ڴ˷أ̫ި֮Ҳжš
Ǵ˽飬ضų⣬˾ͽԪתΪˣĿΪˣζһӦʲô취Լԭļ䡣
˾ٵʿתΪƣ˾ͽԪΪҪͶ˽磿Щ࣬Ӧ֪Լܴ˽ų⡣
ܴ˾ͽԪ˭Ҳ֪ôԵɡ
˾ͽԪ衵һкѾ̫ި֮С
ָã˵һ£֪ٶǰһѡ
̫ިĿ⣬Щ΢ɫʵû뵽̫ި֪ͣ¡
ٶǰȷһ¡ڣ֪ģҲôࡣ
ʱϵ۷չУӵѶ֮ʱе˽ҪͷϾԼֱ֮ʱ֪ʮλΪںϵ֮ϵ˶ӴѶǰȥú飬ʹ䡣
ʮλ䣬ض¾޴󶯵ʱϢ֪µģֻϢա
Ѷҵˣڴʦ֣޳
޳ʶǾѡ޳˴Ǹž޵ţһ߰壬ҲΪ֮۷Ϊֿڡ
̫ި΢Щ֪֮ˣȻѾ䡣
ٷСɽɽڣѾΪһƬҰ
˹ǣֲֳɣʱ򣬲˾ãǧ¡
ǴӺε֪Сɽ֮£ʡ
̹Զԣ̫ިҲûпСɽָ֪ȥء
ٶꡭСɽ䣬֪ɿο֡ûʲô̫ިΪס
˾ͽԪ衻δüرԴĴڣѾڽ»Ϊɻҡ˾أȻûи֪رԴĴڣҲԿ϶̫ިڲ
ûʣѾ̬ȡ
ѾͣˣӭȥӢȻ
ص޵֮ʱ˾غͲѾڴ˴ϦҲȻ
ϣһУҾ㶼֪λб
Ԫ衾Ȼɱʿס
ôܣ
ŶԼ䵭˾أϦ̲סս֣ôνͬĹƣҲƭԼ
ĵһɱѵķ߿ԼôԼΪ
ΪʲôҪ
λдżȻϦ˾ͽԪı˾һ£ɻл⡣
Ϧθߵɤʮ̶ִûУ
ôԼֳ£
֮ʱѵ㽫Ƴ˾յ֮Уϳϣü۴żɷ
׵Լ£ϦʧʶͷסԼЩĿ⡣
ΪֻƳ棬˾Щɥǰ̤һɭ֪ı˾ʲô
Ϧɪһ˲ڵûУҲ뺦ֳôẦֳͬĹưֻͬĹƶѰ
ͬĹֻǻֳңһʱ˾ͽԪ衹ƻ󣬲ŻὫƳֳյ֮С
Ҵδıֳ
˾صѹ£Լʵʵؽ˳
ڴˣĻݡ
ϦǱݣҲȷ˵ĻӦ١
뺦˾أֻǱ˵á
ɫѿǰֻϦ٣޴Ϊһ֮˽Щ˴˾
˾ɫȥƽࡣ
鵽Ѿˣ˾أ˾Ϊδ
Ϧı˾Ը⣬Ҳɴ»С
仰Ϧ̹ȥ˾ߵףֳҵû㣬ҲǱ˾ͽԪƭˣԭһΰɣ
˾ûпֻϰá
˾أϦ仰ŵؽе㲻ôң㲻塭
˾ԭ£ı˾ܳܵġ
̧֣̱ǰϦѺס
ͽ͵ţ˻ߵֻǱ˾ͽԪɱˣ˾أңԵҰ𣡡
ϦڵΪ־ͷߺŤԼжĴ˾زƫ˽
˾Ѿ̬ҲԥһϦı˾ݶ˷ţ·չУȥȫΪǣù飡
һƬ棬Ϧ·أÿһؽ軨ѡ
Ϧƴҡͷɪȥ
Ӳˡ
֣һ֮ϦһҽУϵϢ˲Ϣί
Ŀɨ⣬ԹԹ塣
ǲһȺСˣۣһñӦģҧ
ҵһաɫĮȻʾ˴⣬֣ȡˡ


117 
˪, ̫ިԶΧƾ
ָ⻺, ̫ި, ʶһ, ֱüĶȥ
üʶ, һʿڼҪ֮˿̽ȴ̫ިȫԼʶ֮С
̫ިô, Ϊ֪ڳ˯ʶ
ʶԼвصһرԴƬ, ̫ި֪Լǰֻ俰㣬ʵЩ˷ѡ
رԴǹһĸ, رԴܻɣһƬҲ̺ϣǿ
̫ި֮ܽ, ½ƿóϪҲܼӿγɣ𱾲ꡣ
ҲǽرԴ֮, ̫ި֪ʶڳ˯ʶ
ڼȻ, , 
̫ިʶѾʶ, һƬŵĺ˳ʶϣδ߱¶һ˿⡣
ûͣ, ʶƮƮȥ
ŨĶԹƺûб߼ʣòһ˿̫ި֮ʱԹƮܵӿܽû
ʲôҲ֪˭ҲܱλãֻѭԼֱǰ
֪˶ãвͬĴڳĸ֪СڶԹ֮ΪֳһһطӡطӡѾ١
ഹͷ˫Ŀգ˯˹ȥ
̫ިʶǰУΨֳһ
࡭ûΪΣ̫ި̧֣ӵס˳˯еꡣ
һ̣໺̧ͷ
ި
˫۵˲䣬Ƭմ̮̫ިʶǿ룬ɢ
еʶѣ˫غһ˪УΪԭεĺ˫ۣгɫδȫȥ
ոע⵽ԼƬֺצʲôʱ򡭡
ܵдʶԼȻѾƿطӡ
ܴ㣬عоĿǰȥֻסǰŮ͸εռ֮⣬ͺ񡭡Լ֮һ㡣
ͷһ̣æջĿ⣬ٿȥ
ô뷨
ԭǲõģ룬ިǾ֮ͷʵڲá
ԽǿԣŵͷԽ
뽫ٲֻԼ
Ӳ֪Լһգ㣻
ջβʶʱˣѹʵڲء
ֻȴϣǰ㶯β˶øˡ
ѾˣΪλƲԼ壿
ЩãȻ̫ިȻ࣬ԭأ˫ѻɫĳڼͷԵ÷ɫʤѩ
ȻǸҹǸҹ¶¥ϣ̫ިȻɫ
һ𣬱ʲôѾͬˡ
ӻصںѺĵһ£ʼ̫ި١ӵΪ磬Ҫβѣ֪̫ިƽڷ
ˣ̫ިȻռ϶УΪٸߣûöǣҲ޷˴
ɽйɽ䣬ޱʢʶˣ˲ѣܻڲ֣̫ިദ֣Ρ
ԭΪǳѵĵġ
ԭô
˵ǲֹ˵ġ
һ̣λԼ⡣
ֹΪѣСΪ֪㺡
һ㣬þʧ
彫̫ިӵøˣͷ䣬жĥ̬֮
ȴƲԼ塣
δ̫
ܵȹ´¶ȣҲòϣԼΪ̫ި׽˼ֿɳܵĻϲ
һʱ֮䣬鿰Ƽ尾
˳۽޲̫ި˫ĿɲǼ䣬ǧǺͷΪ֮һ
ɫβĲ󣬵ó֮󣬻ذ˰ڡ
̫ި˫δȥۣҲû̫ʧʶֻǳ˯δҪתʱ䳤̵⡣
ˡ
оԼ붼̫ިϣ飬ᱻӳȥɡ
̫ިȻҲһ㣬ϣδ̫෴Ӧ
̫ިԭϲ׽ֻʶ磬Բע⣬ܱӳȥٴΣֻʣܵ඼ƶػصߣö̫֮ިҲĬо
ˣǾȣʶ֮Ӷ̫ިϾʱʧȥʶԼʲô
̧ͷǶԳɫǣ̫ިǶȿ˾ѵõᡣ
סǵֻʲôкһը嶼βҡţȮûй
ձǵʱƺҲûг
ǲǲ̫á
Ѿָѵʶ뵽ȴô룬Ӧʮֳʵ
̫ިģ˳˻ȥվױ㽫
βڵ棬Ƥϵ˼ǲЩƣܴУЩҲʲô
ڸأΪ֮ףȻУԻϲˮġ
ӽǷ֮У̫ިɽȡ̺ŨĻݣƬ̣ΪһҺûˮС
վˮߣ̧̫ިְ̧ȥ
࿴֪ΪΣбǻϲ
ԭϲһˣֻ迴бǻϲˡ


118 
յ, ͥ£ſ̫ިϥϣβһûһµڵ棬̬С
̫ި˳ʶ̽ȫ, Щʱ, ֮, ϲ־ѾȻ, ƬҲѳ룬ӲǶɽʿ, ҲײƿƬķ
ǿȣµȷȡ
ϣʯɣϻܵѾָ, ǵɼǵ˿ڣҲֻʣһǳǳ׺ۡ
̫ި̧, һ˺ϣ֮
ջ, ˫Ŀ֮£紵ͥ, ֦ҶO@֮
̫ިСɽ, ӦΪСɽѰҼ̳еͳ֮ˡȻδҪ, ֪Сɽֺ, ѡؽɽš
̫ިһϲ, Ƿ˱ˡ
¶Ҫ˽ᣬҲɱչСҪͻƶ֮ˮԵʸ
ʱ, ˮʢݫiʲ죬лʮꡣ
̫ި£΢ָ⸧ǶԳǣҡεβһ٣ƬΪ
һֵȣкȻÿհףãŻع
ô£
ЩãȻ⣬ǸƬҲ͸֡
ĵһ˵ķ꣬Ψ̫ިָ⴫Щ΢⣬ܽƽ֡
̫ިۣŽͷյԼֱߣһĥĺ΢΢ü
ֻһ£رʪЬ࣬£ʱڵ棬ϸòһա
ɫβ̫ިĽ󣬱ƬѾڲ֪һػԼ䱦Ķ
ܵϴ⣬̫ި뿪ʱΣˣҲ֡
Ҫ߶ľȴͻȻΣס̫ި綼ԪӤ֮ϵʿȻΪβȣϹ
̫ިڵأϷһֳֻŵأһֻֻԺ꿴רע
ͷ˵ԽԽ̫ިЩȻûֹĶ
ȫǱ˴˵Ϣ̫ިĿԣһ̣ʲô롣
ڴཻǰһ˲΢ָྱҪѨ̫ިȫ޷˲ʧȥʶ
΢΢̫ިܸܵĴӹδʲô仯۽ȴɷɿһ˲
ʲô·סԼ̫ި᲻֪ʲôɫ̧ƷſԼϵꡣ
Ա.⻰ǲ̫ިָ⸧ϱϵĵطĿ⡣
Ȼãڴ˴ˡ
תȥ
֮ʱѾǵһ̫ިҲûͥдһҹ磬ͬߵĴȻûˡ
޴ĺڵУۣԼʲô޲ҿطԼˡ
꣬һʮ꣬УһʮأδǰΡ
ȻҲӦԼôިǰ
ǰԼ⣬žǰоĲᱻɫ֮ͽ
Լ谵ˣ˸Ƥϣ̱ڵ治
ֻǹűһҪ¡
ڴϵ̫ިۣĿϣˣ
Ļ˹
ܵ岻ܿƵز̫ިУ༸ЩԱˡ
ȻǸɫ֮ͽ
಻òң֪ԼѾָʶֻǿƲ塣
Գԣʶ޷֮ʱһжӦǳԱܣıܣˡ
ಢ֪ԼгɫѾȥ
̫ިȻ緢һ㣬˫Ѿָ۾ֽ̧޴ƿָ࣬ˣ
仰ڣʱһԭҡŵɫβҲסˡʶԼʶѾܹˡ
Ųס̫ިһ˹ĳĬ֮Уš
̫ިź޴ɫڿڡ
ǰʶķ˪侲أ۴ʲôأѼɫ࣬仹٣Ҳ˽Ӱӣɫϣʵһ澰
Ƭ̺ڻعɿſ̫ިת˳ȥɵõײײǱ
ֻӴܵıӰ̫ިһȡ
Уӭײ࣬ɫС棬ڸʲô
һ侲ͣסӴܵĶ
ôһ㣿кЦΪʲôˡ
ûʲô
û뵽Լõ𰸣̧ͷ˫ۣҲʶʲôСѾָˣɻʶң
ָΣŲ裬ϢҲݣ衣
⻹ǲͷԼ֣һʱ֮ܳУСȷǻָˣǸѵõĺϢ
аԸпСòȻҲǼãިＫΪ䡣
ôިЩֵʵСò׻ָˣ˲ǸúúûԳ
̫ި𷽲ŵ£ɫ
ⷬ飬ϷʵǺˣƻҶˣ㶼Ѿ񸮺ި⣬ҲĻ
˶񸮺Ķ飬˵ˡ
вѣҲƻյ£ֹˣʧȥʶ֮£඼ӡģЩ̫ި޹˼ɵղ
ԭأһ̣˴ͷŶһƬͨ졣


119 
, γаɵĺ޾ɵſںߣˮ羵߮, ɫβչ, Ǻÿ
ԣ¶ңŸ, ϧ̫Υ, ȫȻɽҰ̡
С棬㵱治׼ط˪ͷ࣬͸һ˿ԡ
಻ط˪Ȼ̫ި, ʵں棬ΪʲôҪô
޿ط˸, ûлش
Ȼʧȥʶʱᱡި, ֪лԼ
һĻ, ֱ޵ݡ
꣬ûǰ㶪ǡԼոĹǰ
Ȼص̫ި, ϰ˯಻ҡ
ʲô, ԭ׽δǵСЩԼިеһȫˣ
, ĸϲһֻ̰ԣɣɫ
뵽˶Աˡ
ȥ֣ިǰ󱾾ûôߴڸ˷ɻҡ
ഹͷɥ飬üͷ²ѵިﳳˣ
ϵûС
ô
ϣɫֳ˼ôˣ
Сָʶһ°
ָʶͻȻʶʲôС飬ƺʧȥʶʱྶͥ
̫ިҲ֪ˣǿµһţڵĵӣ˪ʮҲЩ
һҲ޿Եɡ
Ըǰ¶Լ׾뵽ǰЩʱΪʧȥʶ̫ިǰû󣬴𰸿ˡ
С治аĵǰҪıǲҪҪģǼֲҪ
ȷǧ꣬Ҳûҵ£һһʢĸûԹ⣬Ҳܣ۾黹Ǽḻġ
С棬Ѳǲȥި˼ۣѲ͸¶һֻζ
ನĿ£ʶȤϵЦظɿ
Ȼʧȥʶʱ²̫ôʣׯֻҪިϲû̫ϵ
Լʲô̲סͷޱԼڻΪԭΣһƬû֪ʲô
Ȼ͵񸮺ģϲġܽ
ûСవúצӵأ֪񸮺ʲô˼
񸮺ĶǽЩ֮ʢУڲ迪֮ǰҲ֪¶
Ȼˣ
Щ⣬ԥƬ̣Сؿڣλڣʵûͨ⣿
ƿĿ⣬֪̫ި⣬֪⡣
µģֻԼѡ
໹ǵ̫ިƻҹ˵ĻֻǲףǾ仰ʲô˼
仰֪Լ˵ʲôʱ˵ɡ
Ǿܾǡ
㾳£Ҳֻûʧ顣
ˮֳһһƣһɫĽҧ˹˲˵ʲôϽ̧͡
βԵñ׳ĽһԵ¨УСˣֻɵϹˣ
Щ⣬ĸ˵ǻҲˣϧڸкǲѣ˵пãһڸ
㣬鼫ãĳһ䣺С棬׷£ԥױ˽غġ
ިüãҲܵĸ⣬Сûץסᣬ˵׼ᱻĸǽš
֪˻ĵı¿ܼ
ڲഫھ֮ʱ⣬һɫµ걳ǰѿߴؽ֮С
һƬ֣嶼ΪΣЩͲ㣬ȫΣ©ԭεĲ֮⣬뷲޲ͬ
߹ʼձŲĽ࣬öͭײ
ӺݣҲǳУһ·ȴκͶһƳȫȻĴڡ
ռع춼Ľ򣬱ǽ޵ôЩҲ޿ɺǡ
ĽŲ죬һʱ֮䣬ȻѾ⡣
ͣ½Ų̧ͷϷɷ֣ɫࡣ
Ϣ֮󣬹ſڵĻں֪طĴڣʱִԣ͸֮ɫ
ֲɵȻ֪ǰΪɲ⣬Ƕ֣ˣҲܽ״С
ջĿ⣬ڿڣʯӣѰ
˵գЩ˵ʲôѾ̧ȥʹͬͬ⡣
ΧǰŲδֻͣҪ̤֮ڣΪΣ嶼ܿƵص˳ȥ
ѲصĹҲ첽˴֮ʱ㲻ֲ
֪ΪԶԶ쳹ǡ
Ķֲˣôܲһ̣һƿնα֮໹ҪӴࡣ
أΪڷȹŮӣòޡδ˵ķϣҲȳ֡
ĿϣĬȻһ˲ʶʵ֪մ伸Σ
ڣȡ鵭
˵֣˵һڵĵӡ
û뵽ڵĴϣȻá
òӺݣ࣬ڴ֮λµԵʣء
ϢȣӦòİ꣬ΪѾкϵ֮ʵڡ
һȷеĳ
츳ͨѪ֮ԪӤ֮ϵ֮ҪͻƣҪϼʮϰ겻ֹ
֪Ϊ£ЦЦ֪ʵ
ȻصѰڵӡ
ԭСȵĵӣȻ֪⣬໹ʦ
ȵȣСʦ
ǲ͡
ЩǳȻ۲ݣⱲδҲ̫Щ
ʱȥ˼ȵҪС棬Ӧǡ
ʦҪӣûʸⱾҲʲôѰ¶
棿ȵĿϡ
˵ͷСޡ֮ӣϢ涼Ҫһ׵ܣҵСȻҪһ档
һ£ѰˣȻˡ
˪ȥŻٶȣЦ˵ʲôֹֺδʧȡһʵںһ¡
ϧϧ𣬲ô𻰡
˪ڣ̫ިϣĿУӿڣתڵ֮С
ǿϢδΣۣգۼڵ֮
̫ިǰ̫ި̧һƽ
ϵȣȻֵһ
Сɽоɣض񡣡Ȼڣڡ
̫ިĬһ˲ĿӣȻ³˼⡣
طӡƣһ֪ǵ֡


120 
ô, Ѫ֮Ϊطӡħ, ѹƣһñɡ
ĳ, 幦Զ
, ڳ֮ͻƷӡܽڣ, ƿպġ
幦޵õľ磬ֻԪӤƿطӡõѪ֮жɽ֮
ֻǶڶ, ϣˡ
ѰΪ¡̫ިѵʳһƺʵĻ
ȿǰŮһƬĳ, ڣȥ
Ϊ¡̫ިֵ
ϲ£ԣһµķС
ĬȻһ˲ڵڵӡ
Ϊڵ, عɣȻ֮¡
Ⲣζ, ܶɱᡣ̫ި
ںϵΪڴȨǰ˿·硣
Щû˵, ңңмֽ̬֮
󣬻ƬţЦʲôҲؼվ˵ǽ˪һɡ
ڵ֪಻ڴ˴вЩ֣
֪Ϊָʶû˶
˰Լҵ̫ިȣڲ࣬ʵĿ
Ϊһյ裬еʲôº
㽫أǴ޸Ϸӡ̫ި˷ʱ䣬ֱʵ
ӡƣѾûָ֮ܽȵһƽ
仰㹻̫ިȷһ£ϵķӡǳλ֮֡
ôѪӡˣ˭
Щӡڵ粻̫ިֻСɽ¥һϹУмƵơ
ϷӡںǰѾ¡̫ިƶ
ûзĬˣط֮£˿Ϲŷӡ
֮ǰ棬ħ壬Ϲȶǿ󣬸һݽ棬ֻܼ
ֱħս嶼ǣУΪһƬսԽҵսʼ˽֮Ϊ顣
飬رǺӵתУΪһƬءǿħ壬Ҳ磬Ҵ֮١
ֱرԴع磬ŵϢ꣬ʢ
־֮£˷õһ෨˱֮ʱٲͬԭеĲʹʧȴá
̫ިδΪȶڣΣ
Ӵڣ
˵Щ䡣
ţֻʲô壿
ȵԾһƬƽ˵ǣΡ
Ρ̫ިЦЦҲô
һԪӤʿںϵڵĴǰ˵ƺЩ̫ˡ̫ިô˵Ȼô˵ĵ
ȹ˹ǣɫԽӺݣ֮أݱܡ
޹ʱһ򲻻ܾȻеȷܺ棬ԲڵֻС
л֪Ͼطӡľʲôٴοڡ
˾Ϊ౻ӡħѪΪ˼ɵ̫ިҲй˲²⣬ʶͶʶ֮кףˡ
ЩӡѹѪҲΪ޾Թ֮Уסһ
̫ިĻҲδ¶ɫµò
ѭ֮⣬ںսϣ޾Թ
ǿĴ֮ʲԹɱ۳޾ɱɷһĺ
ں֮ǰһŮЯǰڣϾطӡڸ֪ʼĩƮȻȥ
е֪ޡ֮ӣ֪꽫ȥڵģʩչǰӡģҲֻеʱΪϵޡ
ôԼʱħѳˮ֮ƣħѪ壬ʲô¡
Ϊ˱Ϊ䣬ں֮ʱɱ򵥵Ĵãˣǽδ֮֮
̫ϳ֮󣬻Ǿһ˿Ŵഫ
ΪӡѹƣྭزŵԳҲΪĸµķӡʶûб޾Թûֻ֪ɱ¾Ķ
ʱѣֻӣڸճ࣬ҲδƫӣϤĽ̵
ǶҪϿˡ
طӡƣΪɷӰ죬ԣһ̫֡ިһһ
ĳΪɱ¾طӡƣɶķӡѾԼ
ܱȼɽٴܣǾطӡƣ֮Уֹֻ
ᡣ̫ިȵĿ⣬вκɡ
ڵӣΣ£ԿΪΣδΥǰһˡ
ڵӵš
Լ̵ֽĵӣ̫ިʵ
ȵһ˲ȻǼˣض⡣
Ϊ֮࣬ʦʦöǾηǰײҶԣ̫ިȻܽʵԶԡ
Ƭ̺ڿڣ
ĵӣ¶СɳΪº֪ꡣ
Ų
㲻ԸڣǾ֤
֤ΪɷأΪ䡣

ʦ໯ΪΣһ
Ŀⲻһ̫ިӹæͷ
ӣʦǰȻнࡣ
߰ɡվֻ˵֡
಻һߣ
ɽЩʱգҲûˡȵδ̫ިԼ
಻ɿ̫ިǡ
Ųյ̫ިûп˳۽޴£˿ɫ
һص˪ĲЩҪַ
ǡɽԭ򣬷ӡƣިڣѾɴ
ɽ֮ãǷӡ޸ֻ¡
ԭΪ̫ިʱ䣬ȴ졣
Ϊ˿ɷԼ뿪ڸոԼ˵ѡʵںܲпᡣ
ި
̫ި̧ͷؿ
кܶ໰˵ߣȴôҲ˿ڡ
ҡĿ̫ިϣǲ֪⣬ǡ
ԥ˺ܾãվֻ³֣ټ
á
ǻټģ̫ި룬ܻټ
ô˵ʧصͷתȥһǵľԽԽԶ
һֱԱߵ͵Ĳ谵ѵˣ𰡡
ûй̶̼Ϣ໹ͣס˽Ų
ިعһ䡣
Ź⿴̫ި̧ͷɫͫӳ
ҡл˵רעؿڣǱ档
һ̣̫ިĲ©һġ


121 
̫ިؿ, Уȹǣһ, ޶ࡣ
Ϫɣھڣ¶¥, , , , С
ǵ̫ިԽնɱʿľȻ, ǵ˯ʱĲգǵСɽɽУޱ߽֮, ԼǰȥЩıӰ
˵ᡣ
ϲ㡪˵еĻ
Ǵʱ˵, 㲻֪ԼʲôʱлὫЩ˵ڡ
ި, ϲ㡣ظüᶨȻ
仰ʱ, ̫ިһ˲Ȼ
ڵƻҹҲһϲ, ʱʶ, һв֪Ϊ˼֮µĻ
һҹ, ̫ިڿʼԼĹϵ
ǰ̫ިʮݣǰˮΪ, ˺ֻܻ꣬ڰ֮УһϷխ©⡣
ɱҩޣΪֻ̿ͣпܣһ
ôԶе
̫ިڵһᣬȼѪƺľǰҪ֮ΪԼᡣ
һѾעҪгû
ֱ˶˵Ҫ⿪Ϲƶ
رʲôûжĿģҪֻΪɼвԼԸ
̫ިϲʲôҵĵӣڼɣ£ȴδرȺݾԵˮࡣ
಻ͬ
Ϊһزʶ˺ķշת££̫ިǲģϴԼҲûм˻£ƫƫˡ
ȥȼѪƣȻΪɢҲζţˡ
ֻ벽ʮδõĶɱˮʱ̫ި̲ס롣
ΪǶ̶̰֮УΨһϵĹ⣬עǲͬġ
£̫ިδԼôҲ뵽־µŮӣճһͳ
سǷ飬̫ިһûѰỹϾ˪ʵڲȱʲô
ػһ̫ިû뵽ԼôֻĴ㡣
ͷ˪עⰵ棬ѡ
Ϫһ֮Ӧټ룬Ϊһˮȥڡ
̫ިһ̣ע鶼ı䡣
ƺعڣѪе̫ިϣǿеرԴ£»һ
飬㶼ǰͬˡ
̫ިʹ뿪ڣ֮£ǡ뾵ڶռ϶û뵽⡣
СɽĶ飬òҸ˼ƻȳ飬Ҳ˳µͬС
ȥʼ̫ިߣñط꣬˴˲裬ʱ⣬δֱ
̫ިΪӦóƵˡ
ҲֻѶѡ
Ȼٶ꣬ȴδ鰮Լ⡣
ȥһ꣬ҲԾֻѡ
ת۴Լʼڣףħ壬˵һطӡʧʶ
̫ިԻǿǣƣΪɷƣ֪ʲô
ʧȥʶֻʣ֮ʱ㲻ʲôʲôʲô̫ިǰ¶ƽվеĳ̬֮ʱһ¡
ƻҹ̫ިʶ֮䣬ԭĿܡ
ֿܣȻᡣ
ԣǲͬģǰˣˡ
˪У̫ި΢ѵЩʧ
Ҳ֪ǴӺʱʼ¶¥ϣǸ硭
ֻʱⲢֻ⡣
ҪЩǲ˵Ҳ֪ʲôʱл˵ިлл
ллԸ˵ꡣ
ؿ̫ިһۣҪһۣڼС
࣬ϲֻԼ£ýިΡ
̫ިԼ⣬ڱģ
ިټЦЦԥתȥ
ࡣ
̫ި󻺻ڣһƽ
عĿдż޷εĽš
˵ʲôأǸǲܣ
á̫ިֻһ֡
ãһʱû˼ֻǴ
֣һԵĲ谵ΪżôҪʱôֻϵĴͷ죡
ŵ˵ҿϲˡ
Щɸ֣ôٶۡ
̫ި䴽ǣ¶Щ᣺˵㲻ϲ𣿡
ᡭ΢죬Լġ
˵һΰɡ˵ʲô̫ިٴοڡ
ʲôЩ£˵ʲô
ûɵǰز̫ިĿ⣬ϲ㣡
̫ިЦá
һΣûֻ̫࣬Լġ
µһ̣վԭأȫԼʲô
룬ҲЩϲġ̫ި󣬵㹻õм
ڳһ㡣
ͫ΢΢Ŵ󣬵кǰ䣬΢ƮڿУһõʱ
𣿡ڣǺǰһУֻһΰˡ
Щ˵һα㹻ˡ
̫ިջĿ⣬סյû壬ˡ
ˣæ첽̫ިǰ̧ͷǺεĻϲ֮ɫҲϲҵģԲԣ
˵ţס̫ި֣΢ָģ̫ިܸеϴȡ
ЩʱգѾ㹻ϰ¶ȡ
дϲɫ̫ި֪ΪΣкҲ֮ĪĻϲ֮⣬ǰδζ
ϲһˣһ¡
ǡ
õ𰸣һ˲ҲƲס̧ͷ̫ިϡ
ָ΢΢ϢϮий٣ʱͣϢڣһΣ̫ިûж㡣
öӰ飬Цһ㣬Ȼû
ԶȿһĻԭҲ˼顣
೤󣬽֮Ϊ֮ʦ縸ҲˣȲΪɷأʧԼʶ
һɵЦ뿪ˣУ̫ިɫ糺죬԰׵Ҳ˶˼Ѫɫ
֡
ިǺ⣿֪ʵ
̫ި֣Ӱ䵽ġ
ˡ
赹ҲûôһԼһҲöӰ͸ˡ
˵գȥ
ͷӰ飬̫ިǳȣ漴ɽС
ҹɽףֻǵƻͨһƬʢ
֮ˣС
ި˵ҲϲԼֻҪ仰±̲ס¶ϲ֮ɫ
ֻڣò롣
ű⣬㲻ò̫ިֿǲᣬҲ֪Ψпסɷþõһ
ȼңң֮Уֱʯ̲סڣˡ
ֻջĿ⣬ĽŲ
⻮ҹĻһǰһضȥ
صߡ
öãһصߡ


122 
뿪, ̫ިж
кˮŰ, ǰƽϢˮ˾رչˣ̫ި뿪ģֻвˡ
ި, кδ㣿¥֮, һɫۣ֯Цʵ
ر򡣡̫ިһȹ, ᱡϸ˼ƮȻ֮С
Ȼ, Ѿе֪Сɽɽؽ
Ƨ, ϡΪҪѡڴ˴
ƺƵɽ, ɽ, 棬ֻô, ȥ
ԭ죬̫֮ϡ
СɽΣ, ºδݵɽؽ̫ިʡ
̾һ˵ò
ط, Сɽһ֣ԼͻᱻȺ, Ϸֻ֡л籱Ϊϣݷ
ת⣺ĸ˵, Сɽŵ䣬ؽɽţΪβԸϮͳ
⣬Ѿܾˡ
СɽɲʲôСţԺ֮ǰ񣬵񣬾ҲСͳֻҪԼûδضܳΪһܡ
޳УۼɳµһˡԶɢƣԶǽСɽĵͳǰҶȻûоġ
ô̫ިƽ
Ϊʲôܣתͷ
ȹ̫ިСɽĵͳҪӦΣҶԴˣûȤ
һû뵽𰸡
ǻˣܵõСɽͳԼֻỶϲؽܣ֮ΪԼеԴ룬˵ͳҪ
СɽľʲôҲҲ˻ǿ󡣡üĿ϶˼档
еӾ䣬ֻʣл˯£˴УԸķΪ֮ؽɽţУҲ޿ɺǡ
̫ިδʲô仯ˣҲء
ǷСɽ飬㲻Ὣ֮
ο
в˵ͳɾԼ
˵仰ʱ΢΢ѻɫĳɢڷУ˾µζ
Ц̫ިĻ˵òިֺСɽɾԼ
Ƭ̺ͣסЦ̫ިĲмָпһ˺񡣡
仰˵Щͻأ
̫ިջĿ⣬
䱻紵ģüһЦڵ޳
ިͬ޳ʵں񡣡
ٶǰ긺ǣ£壬Ҳֱ档
辴˲࣬޳һ
Ѿ̫ިһ˵֣նǺ޳ž޵վ³֮С
ѵõЦЦϧҲý
¥ϰսڷз졣
֪˶ã̫ި̧ȥıӰ迪ڣϷʵިͬСף˸֪һĸʱһȥֱˮƺȡ
ȵһգġ̫ިûлͷҲûΪ仰ʲôСŮ̬
ϲһˣԡ
̫ިӭŹȥ΢΢
ֻʣһվԭأ̧ͷߣգǸ
̫Ѿϰ𣬵ûϵɽˮٷ֮ա
˷뿪죬̫ިδܳ۶С̻úܴȴδ۶ɣԭ岢ϲͬ򽻵
̫࣬ި޻ص
̤뱱֮ʱѶӸ֪ӿնϸϤϢ
̧һ̫ިҹγǣ΢΢ü
ϦһƹԳûҹɫڳǳϷҹγǺݷںҹеޡ
ڵסΣñ˴ݣ̫ިڳУһӰӡ
ɱ֮١
˫۾ڰ̽ţ׶֡
ſڣһӰƫе̫ި
֣Сת˷һˤ⣬Ǳ׷ֶһȭߡ
ĵط⣬Ҫֲܷġ
ȥͲʮĵŮվ¥ϣһĻüͷȵס֣
һΧʿҪ£
ûЩĿ⣬첽еô
θߴĴЩͷԣǷ˾Ǯ
Ҳ֣ܶ˿Ǻã𱸵Ǽöʯˣѵɱ˲ɣ
ΧЦڱ˵⻰ˣʵ֮С
Ϊʲôط
̴Ůǰü۽һɷ飬ִȣŮ˵ǣˣ㽫ǷʯϣԲΪ
Ǵ˵ˡ
ʯ˵ǡ鲻Ϊ⡣
ŮӱȳָЦǧƷʯ
ɴۣȻǧʯ˵ҲСĿԥһ˲Ǵɽȡһֻҡ
ӹңܵзŮЦˣȻǸСѾͷЩӾƣôֵǧʯСѾͷȻˡ
Ʋ¶ֻ³ţᱻ˶ϡ
ϧԼе⣬ȴǲٷһ
Ůתͷȴδ¶ʾ⣬Ĵֱ˻
С˱ͷһţǱȥҡ
ֵؿһ̫ި㲻˱ˣôΪŰ
̫ިӦ˾£ô˳ȥ
ԼŮ̫ިֱִȵŮӡ
ˣҪԾƣЪһҹŮӺЦ̫ިһȴδܿĸףЦʵ
ǡ̫ިѰˡ


123 
̫ި֮, ڳʿЦʮһʲôʱָɽ˵
Ůֵؿ˹ȥſء
棬Цſ̫ިط, ɲΪѰ˶, ֻҴ˵طȥʰɡ
̫ިȫȻԼ΢, Ѫ
治ʲôõط, ƫƫһҪˣΥ档
ͣ, ĵû°ɣ
뽫˷, ๸, Ƿ˶
, һһ飬ݿ͸ӲĿ, ɪŵл, Ǿȿѵӡ
鱻Щ, ⲻǾ֮Ͱ, ϵΣ
˸һ, ʹǵҵķθ۵ý
ﲻʮһ, ź۵Ů޺Ǹ, ˵ƭһʯʡ
˳Ŀ⿴ȥ̫ިˣˣ͸λǣ
̫ިڻͷ, Ŀ䵭ϡ
һ̲ס˺󣬵һǲռģ˵ûˣӦ
˵һҲ־־ؿ̫ި
Ǻ漴˫׼ѵѵǰˣȫδǹԼΪδػǶ֡
飡¥ϣһ䣬漴ϸһƬ̬ĳ졣
˲Ϣ󣬰סļ磺Ҫ֡
⿴꣬ӵԪӤʵ
ûСͣȴ˵һͨ졣
겢ԣ̫ިһ񣺡Ѽ¡
鲻˵¶ɫǲޣǰ˵ĴŶԣ
飬ָһװ˵˼ƲûӰ
ǲţƭˣ
Ű˽Եķţأ
ͷԼտҲţɫ޴ض֣ҵ岻ˡ
ʮһ￴꣬ȥһ񣺡·ǼһֽŲɾǲϽ׷㲻֪˭ˡ
ʱ׷˳ȥǸȴ壬ʵ̫ɶˡ
лʮһ̧һ񣬶ȻΣҲֻ׷˳ȥ
ǸˣҡȣʮһЦתͷ̫ިҹˣѿҪڴ˽һҪҵˣȴǲ֪ġ
˿Ʋָ⣬̫ިԽ䵭ڸңҽΪƽغ˵
ѶΪ̫ިػֻвĸ֣ڷʲôںδȫἰ
Ѷǰ׼õġ
̫ިϢѰ⴦ᣬ⣬ǲڴ˴ӦܹѰ˿
ѵΪ£Ҳ뿪СɽѴУӦֹһˡ
·ͻȻ̫ި˷ʱţڱ򣬼򵥴ֱֶΣá
ʮһɫ΢䣬ȻΪߣҹγҲһôֱ׵رв
ԸΪĴֱ
̫ިûжԪӤʿѹ޼ɵɨ˻δüʹ˵ɶײǽ
ǰŮԪӤʵ
̫ިϢŲ˲Ϊ
ڿ¥µʿ٣вʮһ֮ˣȴֻۿ֡
ڣʲô̫ިûκ
ʿѾȴֻǽ䱸ؿ̫ި
ʮһзɿһ˿ɵ漴Цʲô˼Ѳ뻵ҹγǵĹأ
Ĺأ̫ި΢΢ǣǡ
ǿΪ𡣡
̽ؿñµգʮһת۵׽ѾǡôЦ⣺˵ǡ
۲٣ҡȣ
Щʵڲʺϵ̫˵˵
̫ިȥ˿ĵطʮһɫ΢΢

УľʮַʢɽᾣŶǰǰ¥ƻͨ
УϣĿֻѨ⣬޷뾭ҲһƬտҲ
йصȥΣƱѨλȻá
޺޵һСү֪˭ڰң
˷ǰҹγǣΪ˽Сɽڻ񼰵ҩȻʯݵȡ
ֻû뵽Լ̸ͬ⣬תͷͱƹ
ԪӤʿΪҹγ䲻˵ܺ޼ɣҲ˶˱˵ĵΪʧʲôҲˡ
ֱڣҲ֪ԼôеУֻһͺһ⴦¥֮С
˻ҪѨ⣬ò˷ֺȻҲƲ¥󷨽ơ
ҲǸĳС檰𱯷ߵ˵һǧ̵꣬ˣ
⻰ȻЩ˼Ǻܵλġ
̷ڴ˴¥еŮе֪ǱҹγǳΪʱˡ
⣬⴦¥֮лסʮˣҹγǸ͸λòꡣ
֮£ѵķӦ͵Ȼ࣬ϾزôżҲ޼¡
ڿ֮һѶҹδ飬ѾСɽȥ
ֻҹγǺСɽԶռţδܴΪأ͸鷳ˡ
ۣڵĴ⣬ɫд˼ֳء


124 
ʮһ̫ިȥ, ̬欣һ֧ҡĶҡ
ó, ѾСµĺۼ
ƿ, ʮһ̫ިһЦ̧ڡ
Ŀ, ̫ިδԥ, Խ뷿ڡ
ʮһЦ, ǰ, ˵£Ϊ̫ިһյ, Ŀ
յ̫ިķƣϺõ¶׺Ѳһԡ
ģûж
˵, ̫ިգգۡ
, ڶ, ŮĿԵЩģ, ̫ިڣеȷûж, ֻǺ˲, ⷿе, Լֻ׸ˡ
ʮһɫ΢䣬̧߷ǰ, ȥ
̫ި֣ľʵѣԣԭϵıյˤƬ
ʮһ𣬰ŶͬһԾȥ
̫ިĶԤƵĸ࣬ǵӰͬһ㣬˲Ϣԡ
ɫ˿ҺŮӾ䣬Ϸű亮âֺֻܸϸĲ
ʮһֻܽӲͣ˶ĿƳһԵ̫ިЦʲô˼ҺƷȴҶ֣δЩˡ
ⷬ䲻ߵڰףҲԶˡ
һ˵һ
⴦УԼؽƣط֣ʵΣ
ƸҪһںڳӰյ䣬ʮһһָͣɢ
һΣģͲֻˡ
̫ި쿪ڣżģʮһڱ꣬Ȼó˵Ļֻв
ѲɱңҲѰҪҵˣȻƿ֮УʮһҲδֳʲôȻɫЦʵ
̫ި𴽽ǣȴʲôЦ⣺յ÷ƣϢĵطʲôͶޣмء
ʮһǻν
ʮһͷźԼ˿ң̫ިֺȡ
Ĭһ˲ʶȤشɽ֮ȡ򣺡Ѳǵһ򣬾ۡ
̫ި˵ʲôڿУʶ̽룬ռͶ޿ʿòǰ
ܿҵ˹ѵļأͬеģ
ԪӤΪľ磬ڷһϵ裬ҹγУ򲻹ҪӦǲѡ̫ިµӦǰ£ʱѶҲСĽ顣
ôʧ٣ĿܱǱ͵ϮȻʧʶ
̫ިָ΢΢òͶӳڰУʮһ˭֡
ز쿴ҲȷѾڿ֮С
ʮһ￴һۣЦλճţҲ֪δȥˣû
ȴǲ֪ģ࣬Ҳʲôҿûһһš
ô⻰Щ̫ިֻζ³֡
ʲôʮһȴ̲ס߸
ǰŮͷԼС࣬ǰԼ̲סη֮ġ
ʱ
̫ިٴοڣʯӦöȤ
֮ǰ̫࣬ɳڻ֮ٵҩÿڱЩʯɽա
ѺǰҹγǵģԼֻԭ
ǳֵģһҹγмͬ˼
̫ިǰʮһҹγҲ˵ϻˡ
˿ϸĲһǳǳѪۣʮһｩӲЦЦѹȻ
˵ˣҲûнƱأҹγ⣬ȻҪش˵صĹء
һ̫ިЦȻ㹻ʵǹء
·ˣҹγǵĹأȻ˳֣һССľ档
Ǿ棬Ҳ̽
ڲѺ𱳺˭ʱҹγֱҪǵֻǽ˷ȥ
ɽǱ˹Ϸһ
̫ިɫʮһڨڨЦҿûж֡
˾ڳϣȥüʱӦ׻ڡ
̫ިջ˿ƣʮһָϱָһû뵽ɵСӱ󣬾ôɷڡ
ΪԼ֪Ķ˵ˣ̫ިҲ뿪ϧһв롣
ɫ˿ָ⣬ԽԳ̫ިЦЦؿһʽҪͬ
仰ʮһϵЦЩάֲס˵ô
̫ި룬صԼǲܵġ
̺̫ި뿪ᣬ̤ҹɫȥ
Сᣬ˵ʦʲôʱܷǱסˣڴڣ
ѱĿƽҲ֪
һ鳢תùԴУӦóһ
ܸܵһѨλɶٻϼգܳ
ֻǼ֮䣬ܵıʵ̫࡭
˭ȻۣĿֱֱ֮
Ҳ䱸վԡ
˵ڱ£㹻Сġ̫ި᣺߳ҿɫĶñ¶΢Щ԰׵
һ̣ҹɫˡ
ʦ㣿Ѻͬڼ
ʦ㣬ô𵱼˹ȥҪٲҺСҪײˣ
̫ިȻж飬΢΢˸գһʱȣˤ˸ʵ
ҲվȻû¶лǴŲݴϲɫ
ֻ뵽Լ䵽㾳أʵиʦĽ̵ֲ߲ѡ
ͷʦ㣬ҲСģԺ󲻻ˡ
񲻹ʮǷЩҲ޷̫ިڡ
ֱָ˽⿪ϱסĴѨ
ܵٲӣһסѣߣСᣬǵúúýѵһǸڱСˣ
ûжʦ֣֪˭֡
ʵһ٣Լǲ֪
ҲûָܿףϾڷһڱ϶̫ŵ
ʦ㣬ֵˣӦҪǽ׵ˡ̫ި˵ԼĲ²⡣ɽУҺʦӦﶼһء
ǵΡ
£ҲɷʡԼΪСɽʱգ˽䱸Żˡ
̫ިԴֻǵ
ԺԥظϣҲȥвʵȥĶ
Ϊ̫ި˵ȴõ˴𰸡
ȥһˡ
˵⼸֣̫ިȻûٶ͵˼ƿƣʰ¡
ЩãȻѵʦǹ߳ȥҹγǵĳж龳磬ҶʦֲڣǲǸõ͵һ㣿
ѺСɽýҶһʦ֡
Ѿȫԥظϣ㽫˻ȥʦڣôࡣ
¥֮£һȹŮյվڴ˴ڵʲôһ㡣
̫ިЦϥţҼǰȥһ𡣡
Ůһ˵ģҲֻҹγǳ˪


125 
, ˴ѲǾ㲻¡ҹɫУӺŮ
ɫ͸һɲĲ԰, һ΢Щ䡣
һ·Ѿǵһθ鷳
θߴɪɪǸӺʿüʱ, ˡ
ҭһһӦ¡
ҹķż⣬ӺȵЩ, òŵƽ, ȡص彻, 콫, ػؿᣬȥɡ
֪Լλñ׳̫, ȴû뵽鷳
Ǳû˭ΪҼҶݡ
ӺԭϢһȥݷ, ȴ뷨, ûаһܻס顣Ϊ⣬ȽȥԼĸ, жʿӻܱƽ
忴֣ҪȥҰ
Լδıĸ, в˼ڴ
ҪͱӺҪϲ٣һѪȥǸʮĵŮӺһҲΥ͡
ҹγǳǶܣǼ˲ŮӡӺص
ƲƲ죺ĵط˳Ρǰ˵ˣҲŲ
¶Щ߸ϵζ򣬱ϡֻƧңʵڲʲôȥ
˵ӺҲû˼
΢Щ񣬾˸ȻϽʵ߰顣
ӺǰҹγǣΪΪɣҼ˴䣬ĸ׷ѾŽ֮룬ĸӻ
鸸չˣӺҲԸдһ׸
һ֪飬Ӻмָӡ鸸׶ʵڳ̫ƭһʱƭһܻ֪ĸѾ䡣
ɭϣڹӺ˵Ҫʱֵڴ˵ƤҲδһ£ͷ˶ȥкüٺ˶ڵء
̬ȣӺ⣬ɽȡУͷͨһֻǰһ
￪ӺǴ˳ؽ˳С
һߣŮͨòŮӹ˹ƽҵһȡ
òɫȴԴһɽʣ̲סǻ֮ġ
⿴ȥ˵Ůӣҹγǵĳ
˪˪һ壬ϼһȣǣ̤;οޣʼޣ˰ŵ
ʣߵøԶҪϴǣ˪ԣһֻΪúûõġ
ĸױֵõ֮һҼ壬ΪҼӵܣȱʯ
˪һӢ۾ίе˲ٺô˳ͻԪӤ뿪
˵ŮʱϢ΢˪Ϊˣ鸸þ취סŮ
˪ԣⲻǸȡ裬鸸ȴһµŮҲǰٰ硣
ȥ˪ѾΪܣΪһֺ֮Ӳ֮£ֻһλˡ
ʱԼŮǰҲδʲô֮ˣԵ
ҼϢڱ˪ҲѾ֪ǵѪԵķϣһ֮ء
ʾŮ£˪Լ׵̫ިЦ⣬ȷ̸һ̸
˪̫ިʱڻѾʧģ˿ʱˣ
Ҫã鿴źһԵŮǲá
ԭĸŮطڴŵȴһɢ
ǰ˵ԼԼŻģίԼˣȴԼʵ̫ˣ
ڴͣԺһŮʼմǡôЦ⣬̬
վҵҪʲôˣŮҪ
˵ţƿŮ첽˳ȥ
ӺţԭδȻĸŮ֮£֡
Ůû뵽ôæȥ
ݣŮҶֻ֣ܵȰ˵
Ȼ͵ƫ⣬ͱִס
ڣδôٲ룡
յŮˣ
ԼİѵҪͨ
δó٣˭ҲڡڣӲ
ӲΪôЩĶ֡
ܾǰȥȺվڵһĻԳζô£
վԣδͶȥĿ⡣
ǰִʱŮ̫ިԵ߳㣿
뵽ǰ£ٿԼڵģ̸֮ɫ
Ȼ͵ԼĲʲôˣ̫ިʱֽӿľٶʵڹ֣˵ñҲû
ԼĸףΪǰŮųٳٲԼֻñ˳谮ί
ʲô֪ͣĶð񡭡
ʿʶ˵ĻҲ㹻Χ˶
仰ؿ˹ָժʦ㣿
Ŀ絶鱻ŵòغһһ̣ʶԼʲôոû˵ǲǱ֮
ȷ˶ƲƧı򣬵վڱô˵ģʵڲࡣ
⻰ЦˡûܿĹȫ
ʱǺ
ѵ䣺ʦ񡣡
鲻ϣһɲ֪Ժζѹʹ̫ިȥ
ô
ȹŮ̫ިһ񣺡˵̲ܽܣ뼸λ¡
Զʿĸ֪˪ܶԵⷢһк֪
ĸ׾ȻˣʶʹԼ˭̲סۣû˵ʲô
㲻վһߡ
оʧ鸺תŮ̧֣ʱмŮǰǿдȥ
ջĿ⣬̫ͣިԣʦ㡣
Ȼмֺڵͬҹγǳ̸ʲôзִûпڡ
ûôˣֱʵʦ㣬ǷŶ˵ʲô
̸˱⡣̫ި
Сɽ񾳿и罻׵ĵطǱҪģΪóֺôҲʲô
ǽȥδ
Ѱơ
֣жһ˲ãȻ
̫ިΪǽ͵˼̧ȥ
ҶˣȻˡ


126 
, ʮһﵽʱϯѾ
۾֮, ϯ岻ֻ, ǻΪε壬ҲвϲΣԭڴ˵, ŸܲͿϴ
ܸģҹγһʮһ˼ʮ꣬ҷԴյûȫ
ʮһˡ
֪˭һ, ʱʮĿ뿴˹, ʮһϴӯӯЦ⣬ǰ
ʮһ, ʲô, ѵͨˣҪĵóݴĴ󺺲شĵʮһĿдźεζ
һװ, е۵Ůӿľֹ, ڵʮһɴ, ˫֪Ķӣ
һʮһƿĿ, ɭɭ˾װŮһۣη, 俴˻ȥһʱЩš
ֻſ֣ЩΨ²ҵ˼, ȫȻȰܡ
ʮһҡȣϴЦ⣺ɱɱ಻ãҽλС
⻰ɣʲô˵ʮһµؽǶ
ģʲôװŮüͷ
ͨЩмͷ¶β֪νǶǺôͷ
ʮһ棬Ц⻰ȴǲԣڴ˴
˵ţһ׵ʱ谭ߣŮĿЩģ
̫ިվԣɫڶζĿ⣬Ȼ塣
һСѾͷЦʮһˣô
ҿۻ軨ˣȻСѾͷŪǡ̫ި
ɫ˳ʮһʹˣ۹Ҳˡ
ʮһϰ˵ĿʱֻǺЦ˵һԣ׼Ϸ
֮УΨͿϴ̫ިϤ
ˣⲻǸϹ
ѿ壬ͿϴⱲҲûϼ̫ިʱǽʿˡ
ʱϢͿϴһʱ֪ΪΣѵʲôϢķ
˵ľѾԼ
ߵʿϢΪ߱Ѳ侳Ρ
೰֮ʱԪӤڵѹϯкΪ֮һڳΪҲԪӤʿҹγǻ񾳽Ĵܲ࣬Ҳʮһġ
ѹ£תԶԿ
ͿϴĬĬ˺̶̼ܲ£ͻԪӤٶȣδЩ¡
ϯ䰲̫ިŻڣֱ⣺ǰգСɽҹγǣλչˣȥϣգл
ƽȴ̲סΪ֮һǺ簡
ЦһôųΪҹγһΪΪ
£̧𣬿лûצ̫ި¡
˶ֵľ˲ٺôȻ׼³
ڳ˺һĻ̫ި¶һƣǱȺ֮
̫ިһ㣬ûжһҫĿЯ֮¡צĻӰɢαֱƷɳȥ֮ãȫ
ҹγڶϣżҲΪͼڴʱ˵أȻ
͵һѪŲЩ鸡ɵؿ̫ި
ͬΪԪӤʿ̫ިʵȻԶʤ
ʵΪԼ̫ި֮ʱ㰲
̫ިһˣҲסڳǲСɽ
Ȼ֪СɽǸʲôطŮʵǺǵĴڡ
ڣλӦƽ͵̸һ̸ˡʮһҡȣ¶˭ɵģ˽
仰վ̫ިЦһ붯ˣ㻹ûʸ񡣡
ȥʱзĽŲ
ضٵأǿƿƣָצ̧̫ިץ̫ިָ΢ײһһһˡ
˿⴦¥зƣʱײ±ɷ档
¥ĺˮȻ˲̫ިһ˲ˮԴ⸩
ڵУˮϮֻתǿ࿹
ɢȥˮΣһꡣ
ÿһϣ϶һ˿ڣƵǱ̫ިξһȻǰ
£ס겱ؽˤڵϡ
ۼһӣʮһﰵʹҪ˴ָҪϲʯ
굹Уһʱãȥҡ
ڶ΢ݣǰŮʵԶǵ
λʲô顣̫ިվƽ
һʱѻȸ


127 
˭СɽӶ, ԼվɡʮһǰһЦϯȻ෴
ֻҪɷԵĲԼ, ѵ, Щ˼
ʵľ, ̫ިһԪӤʸҹγǺ޼ɣ
δ̫Щ
޼̸ϣԸ, Լǹˡ̫ިջ֣ЦЦ
仰, ڳϲɶֳŭɫҹγҲһѹ˵ķݣȻ˵в, ܲŭ
װŮ̫ިһ, ʱȥ
û˶Ѻ, ܵԭǲԸΪơ
޴𣬻һ, ŮײƱԵ
ʮһһԸǣɫܲÿ
ʮһ, ֻЦһ, ˿Σֲҵˣˣ
˵ʮһΪȡ
ʮһ˾ľµ, Ȼֹвʹ
գ˵һ㲻
ʮһλǵƲ˵ģվ
ҹγĵطеıܣ֮ǰ˽Сɽ£Ѻ˭ҹγо͸ˡ
ֵϺͷ⣬ֻ壬ڴ˴Ϊ˽Ƕʮһﻹ˲С˼
ԲĸվСɽǻᾡҼҸķϣѣ¿ɷˡ
еĸҹγһλܡ
СɽҪͬѡ̫ިĿɨǰƽò˿
仰壬ֻһͷ
ϣ˿ģҪôǳͷβĴҪộ̫ިȥʵڲǰߡ
̫ݺһİ𣬶Χһϣ´򲻹һ𣡡
˵úƣϧûκ˵֣ʵϣԼҲûжһʱЩΡ
ʮһȫȻ⣬ЦһɿǺˣ
ʼ˵ĸǰһ׳˶οȥѹȸУתѶذڿС
ûڣѪƺһסʹ̫ިһݡ
ˣŵվԣҲȡѶذҪ壬ԪӤʿҲضˡ
ǿΪǱ򲻱Ĺء
̫ިǿǣڽСɽǲ˿⡣
ֻңԼѺ𱳺ֻ˷סû֣ձ㲻һڡ
ʣһֻ
̫ިû˵漴ݵֻӵϡ
һֻԼһͷ޶ϡ
ңҺɳǻܣҶңôݺ֪Լɫ
鲻ԽһЩ
Լ֣Ǳ̫ި˵
°ݺ͵ȥֻóƽٶȡ
ڵ˿ƿգһҽУѾȫѵζȻ˭ܣС˷ţҡ
ţҺɳһŹģ̫ިԹ
ʮһȰסɫδʲô֮ͬġ
ݺУ״ڸҵʿ֪ǿʳҪ
ĿɨΧڣڣҲһСɽʧ˵ﵱμƽϡ
׳˶Ѿµҩֹס˿ڴӿѪ
̫ިҵðСɽȡԵ˫
̫ިû˵ʮһڣިȣЩֻм㣬Сɽҹγ⣬Ҫλ
ڳ嶼ǴȻʮһ֮⡣
պСɽҹγǱ㶼ʮһΪ¡
ʮһǸˣԽΪڶı÷ˮһӹɡ
УȻѾͶСɽǴδ˵ʲôֵˣѵСɽ󣬲ֹлʿ
ʵʮһҲ֪̫ި̸׵ʱδ֪СɽΣǾӦ¡
֪ΪΣŮֵԼһġ
δһ˼ףϷȻһȣССԪӤҲҷ
ϵݺ¶ϲɫң
Ļû˵꣬ʿѹѾк£ҵϷ¥󷨴ѡ
һ˲̫ިѾȥ
ķѻɫķ˿ƽδκ⡣
ñԤƵģ˼֡
̫ިʮһĵؽڶڴ˴עöñᱻǱĻܲ
㿪һֵĻʿȻЩã̺ޱƵһٴ£ľ
ڷžѾԶʱﲻ̫ިֻԼҪΪۡ
¥ҡҡ׹ڲظһƬ档
ʮһа̾Ҳˣֱؽǡ
¥ڶ弰ʱӶݣвٱ˲ˡȻֵǵΪϵݺڷУ֪
ҶҺɳﲻҳûн̹ʲôʲô͵߸ڿУ̫ި䡣գұǺúָһһ
£󻺻һ޴С
̫ިѾԪӤ۷ΪҲ뻯࿹
ΪԽߣһСĲ֮ܶ𣬺οһ󾳽硣
ڵӰҪ֮ʣҫĿ߶Яɵ֮ƣױ㽫Ӱ顣
ֲѵ
ѭȥҶһ£ָ£һХŹߣΪٶ̫죬ƿʱХ
߻ӦѾ⴩͸Ϸ׹䣬ҽ֮С
Ҷأ̫ިǰۿߣĮȻ
ڣΪѾСɽȱˡ
ʿ
һСɽ󣬾һʿ
ҹγǣΪ˪Ҳ顣
ʮһﰴɫ΢΢𴽽ǣһأֶĶˡ
жڣ֮󣬾κССɽ

ƣֻһƬһӹͷ𽥱ϡԶԶСɽɽڡ
һɽϣԣ½ƿȻһŽȴЩ˼
Ҳ֪Ҷǰǰʲôʱ૵
һ𾹴һ壬ƺƵظ˹
ʦ֣ҪʲôЩ
ͻΪ֮ϣôף𽻹ǻһʦ֡
ʦ뿪ôãҪСɽȻЩų
һ壺˰ȻʦһǾ׼÷𣬷Ѿ̹ˣǺá
Ӧ£ʮֻ
ΪΪʳȫ󷽵ŵÿֻʯ
ۼطֺԼһСɽ¥ҲУ˿Ϊʯʲôá
λЩõº͵ЦţҲûֹǺֵĴ㡣
½ƿɵѵСɽĴͳ
˳ǣֻҸ͵ѡ
ȻʶãλʦֵҲ˼˽⡣
ʦĻϲô
ע⵽⣬ٹ˲ֻ¡
ҶЯУԣ̫ި˷ذȹ죬Ȼɡ
ʦ㣡𽼤첽ӭȥ
½ƿҲ̲סֳϲɫ̫ˣǰû¾ͺá
Ͻ̧ʾ⣬ɫ㽥ʢĻϡ
̫ި΢ɼü
ӭʦɽ
ӭʦɽ
ΧҲһֻ̣ΪǰʯҲΪڵ;ϸһĿܡ
У̫ިЩʧ
ϣиطڵΪϲ˵ʵѵõ顣
ǰˣĿӹǣѾɵСɽɽţǳȡ


128 
ձΪ粻ô, Сô˷ʧֵȼɽ۲ľҲʲôֵ̫¶
ںе飬Լû˭ϲ, ʱµܼȥ, һʱЩҡ
һԵ鼰ʱ֣, ֮ƵĻֹ֮ס˻ҡ
ⷬң˿Ҳ⡣, СɽЩʱѾʶˣճЩ, ʲô˳Ž˾⡣
̫ިһᣬ־κ, Ҳ̫¶
ɫˮĸƮǰ, ˮʮߺֻͣͷС˼ֵˮĸ, нá
˵ʵô, ֻҪǲ˵ǲֲܷ˭˭Լ⡣
̫ިСɽɽȥ, һ·˵Щʱշ¡
, Ѿøʲô͸ʲôȥˣ̫ިϲһȺӵš
뿪СɽҲ̶̼£﷢ı仯ȴǲС
СɽĲ, ¥ˮ鿶Ѿؽ뿪ʱѾ̻᲻ģ£ѾԿӦзģ֤ᷢһ¡
ѺԳ֣ɽϵĴ
ɽŽɺҶµҲضһԼӵԺ䡣
··洦ɼףݣΪԵʣСɽϵѾŨ࣬ȻȲ϶򣬵֮ǰȿ˵֮
ָʾ£СɽףݵΪʯǻʮȫƣ֮
Ϊ֮Ԩ޾ҲףܲȻǲܡ
СɽϵսŨҲõһơ׷ӡ̫ި޸ħй¶ںϷĻɫҲɢȥЩ
δɽ̽в޷ݣпǣûҵʾź
Ҳ֣Ͼڴ֮ǰϡüޡ
ǵӾĵԺ䣬ǶӦʦ㡣ǰΪ̫ިƿԺš
΢΢ͷ̫ި¶еĻϲӭʦ㡣
̫ިûʶһУȻȫǰͬ
ӵиıν˵
صСɽĵһҹ̫ި԰
ڶգһʹ̫꣬ި΢ü㻹û뿪
Ϣ̫ިٺһЦҾͦ˼һʱա
˵Լ⣺ʦ㣬˵˼ֻзĲ󷨽ϡ
г꣬꣬ջֽҲ̫ި֪Ϣʱݡ
ЩʱգѾ൱Ϥˡ
̫ިظ֣ʲô
ǡʿʶ໥ý飿ʿֻҪʶ룬ԣĵã񡭡
˵̫࣬ިǿ˼粻Զ̴Ѷ֮нʿͬȴǻδй
Щ˼̫ިнӹöiЩʱоİƷʶȻǿԷʱʱͻϿֻҪ˽iı١
Թʮֲͬģûܽ⣬뵽ϣʶ󷨵Ȼ̫ިǺϵ飬Ϊޣϲԡ
ƫƫ̫ިʱѾ뿪Сɽֻʱ¸á
ʶɨiзģ̫ި޸ĵķ
ô̲סʡ
˭ûûûwifiʹࡣ
һԡ̫ި˿е顣
ȻӦ֮£̫ިڴˣҩҵ顣
ؽҩ®֮ҩԼȱľأֲȻ
һöƷԴⲻҩԴԴϱάֲָ߽衣
ҩеģСɽʵ֮бµĸֻ߽֣Լ
ȵճ֮ʱѾʵ࣬ʶҲιԵϰٿŵҩ¡
ʧǣΪϵܵҲпȶʵ
̫ިǰعº͵ضЦЦСѡ
̫ިһ񣬾㲻ΪҲֵ𾴵ˡ
Сɽ£ˡ
ĿԽƬƬҩԶ¥ϣʼºЦ⣬û뵽Լڳ֮ǰܵüСɽ䡣
һУҪ鹦ǰŮ
ԭֻ̫ިСɽѰ̳еͳˣȴ̫ࡣ
СѰңʲôҪ£
̫ި̧ͷǰߣ쿪ڣСɽȻѾɣôеӣҲûصˡ
һ˲ʶԣڻɳ֮µʮ߾߱ס
ڸ֮ǰΪʦֵ޳Ĵ־׼ʮ߾߱ס
ʵʲôҲûУСɽӳ⣬ѻֻʣ꣬תҲ
鲻ϧԼ֮ҲҪάЩ겻ɢúϵܣҲ˥ˡ
ҪǸֻϣָЩתֻصĿܡ
лĬãڿڣЩ˻ơ
ܼСɽȥλȳʮָˡ
룬ԼôȷľǰǸʱѷŮ
ⱾӦġ̫ިֻǵ˲֪ʲôպСɽӻǵԼʦʲô


129 
Сɽɺ, ѺҲʽ¡
ʦŴǼҪһ£Сɽֻһλ, Ҳʡŵ̡
ʹ, ̫ިټɽеļ̸̸
ʱǲ֪, ̫ިСɽӡ
ЩȻɡɽҪͷʦҲʦˡ
ѳĬƬ, ʵԺܽʦ㵱ʦô
̫ިû뵽ôʣűԼ˴, ǵԼεģʧֽδ̤;ûˡ
Ȼ
õ𰸣Ѻˣû
, СӦ, ĵԼرСְ
̫ިĿ⿴Լ½ƿʶֱͦ˱, ԥǰǰ
Сɽ̫ިֱ˵ʵ
½ƿګګϪɵӡ
ȻϪʱû, Ϫɵĵӡ
㻹ʮտǣ̫ި⣬, 㸸֮, ٸҴ𰸡
̫ިֳԥ֮ɫȻҲ뾵ڶϾϵ, ̫ͬިֲ̫һ
ˣǲԸԼǣڣУԼʮĵطĻ
ǰڷ𽻹ǲ֮ޡ
ʦ
ǿ뷨̫ިڵ㲻ѡСɽ
Сɽ£ӦԼˣΪ̫ި
Ҿ㣬Сɽ
Ǽ΢᣺ʦ㡭
ʦ㣬òˡ
ò˵̫ި˾ʵЩ
֪ԼԺϤϢ̫ި۽΢࣬Ѿнһδ
˵ĻѾ˵ˣҪ뿪ûʶԼĶдżּС
¥̲סڵôң
磬ʲ˵ѵһҲѰܼͬʵģԳưĳꡣ
ǡ̫ިƽûеҲҪһܡ
ԭֻ𽼸ˣ¥ͳڲֵġ
ԴıӰ¥̾һ
̫ިĸ֪ûдŵˣŶĻмö
ȴҹǰ򣬻صɽڵϾдš
һħþãҪĵһ£߳⴦þ
֪һɹ߳þˣ˾Ÿ¡ǵʱž޵Ůӣ̫һŮ̫ơ
н뿪һһʮҳԼ̫ިӼյһš
һ֪Ļ࣬ҲΪħþ֮޷̫ި磬ֻʱ˵һ㡣
ɷƳطӡûʧǲףͨħþζűѰʿѡ
ʦͬþͬʦһüҡʦؽδʣƸ˵òѹɷ˼޹֮ˣҵȷûʸ뿪ɽߡ
Сɽλʺãп¼żڷ󷨵Ĺżżϣ
̫ިʶɨĿһöУȷöأһöȴһ
ָ⴫΢֮⣬עУȻߡ
ިҺ㡭
ûиֽʵĻЩͣűԼǿѹƣȴ޷ε⡣
̫ިԭأеĻһظţĵ׼һ
ʱǰδζǡ˼
Ҳ
պСɽڣҶֽԼµλһǰ
ʮ߾߱ף˼ɽλã¹ڣ
޳λǰҶعǰߵס
޳ʦ縸
ѡҶԸСɽһҲԸ
֮ȻǰϵĴֻܼʣҲСµĵҩԶ¡
ĵҩҶ߻ħѾתδȫ٣ٿ̫ިһʦ
ѣ½ƿ£𽣬¥ͳ꣬ʱվ̫ިԣ֣ء
˭˵СɽԵɺ󣬶Ѳ֮ġ
ҲǼ˵ʽ
Сɽ񣬹ʮȻһǰ֮ӣδʽ£СɽԼ⡣
˼֮Ǿѧ뵶һ
½ƿԼĸ״Ѷ֮˼ãھСɽΪӡΨˣߵøԶǰһؿԼӵˡ
Ҳѡ⼸˺ܶ࣬ڶԾڵĸδ;Уѡ˺ߡʵڲԸٷ֮ǰ£ֻбøǿŲܿʦȣˡ
¥ЩʱնСɽ¥Ув񡣵طھСɽӲſɲ鿴ϾиʦͷЩףԼҲùô̵׸Ļͥ
֮¥ԼʦСɽ
ͷǸɢޣûʦţԼôԵˣ¥ʵڿƾ
ƣԴҲûз֮⣬˳
ڳ̫꣬ިȻԸ뿪ƵϳζͶڰСɽһµûʲôԥ
ʿѰóıǴϢСɽʮûкĵطѧϰ
ΣЩ̫ިˣԼѡ
ڿƼªʽУ֣Сɽģ֮ǱСɽӡ
ʱû֪δӱ򣬴Сɽ߳ӺյĴܡ


130 
̫ިԺ߳, £Ǻ˸ɽ֮겻˪ѩײҽӽ
ֱȥ, 廯ΪεԶҴ, лˣ¥ʦڿ, Ҫʱ䣬ɲʦô˵
Ͻǰֻϳ̫ި, æʦ㡣
Сɽ¶֪, ̫ިСɽӣСɽҲ֪ǶҪһʦ㡣
̫ިӦһŲδͣ
ֱԶ, ֻ˿, ʦʵľǰ, Ҵ
ͭԶζϾҪʼˡ
죡ûʱˣӦһסԵ, ɱǰ
Сɽؽ̫ިѾŹǽ佻飬ϰ֮, ޷֮λ, ֻ𽼸˳ɣһи
ʵǿѡ黹ϣ̫ިԸ̳Сɽŵλ, ֻǿ󲻵õģҲǻǿ˵顣ǰй֮Ȩʱ賤ꡣ
ǵСɽèСèֻЩ
ǰСɽͽνһʾ׻дߣײСֱڸѣҲֻʮ˰ˡ
ΣɽҪʲôҪ֣СɽԵӵҪȻ̫ߡ
ȷСɽûʲôӺ󣬳˿治֪ҪӺδˡ
СɽǰصذֻǰΧҹγǵȵأСɽͽ֮£ؽźĺô
ϧ޶֪Сɽֻ֮俴ţԸɹããǰ
Сɽֻܲȡţѡŵӡ
Ųζǣʾÿ¶ᰲһԣβϸ߱Ҫ䣬š
ϢһԭΪɽŻһƬΪ˲䣬ڶһ֮ǰɢԽڷ
ʱʱ䣬̫ިһ·СɽΧй䡣
ڷܱʼ飬Ҳֻ̧ͷһʦ㣬вδͣ¶
¥ᣬл轨ϼ֮أ֪ƭĴܡ
ΪʲôԼϱⱲҲûӹˣ˼⡣
ʦ㣬оˣ̲סһ䡣
̫ިȡöiΪ£գûг⣬㲻ٸġ
ӹiЩϲȻܹˡ
дյƹһԣ̫ިĿɨ ֻʣĻš
ǵӣҲν̵֮ٺ»γٵ󣬳ЩƣڿЧޡ
ϵ©£꿴һۣûǩʱҪˡ
Ȼֳٵˣһӣؿٺ
һ̣Ͷصƴӵ˽Լϣϧʱ䣬Ʊ㲻
ˤڵϵذһȻϿ˷ٺļ¼
ֻϢϢų꣬ǿͲܵû𣡡
ֲϹˣôûص
ҧ㻹ǲֵܣ
˽Լٵôܹҡֱ׳ػ
ȥһ̣˴һڲ£˸лء
̫ިϲκα飬תȥ
ʦ㣬һµķ·Ҵ˾ȥѰ㣡
뿪ұҩ®
ҩ®ʱòСʰҩ̫ިӵЦЦʦ㡣
Сյѧͽʿϲһȣȴǿ̿࣬ѧֵ
ܲ׾Сɽڵҩ˸ѧϰĻᡣ
һԶִ߼̫ިɼŲŲӰԾ
ûֻСɽҳӣ޶⳥Ѻī㡣
īһʼȻǲޣСɽʵ޳֮ȣڴ򲻹̫ިֻܱ¡
Ѻ󣬸һλϵܵߣī۲ʶԼǰַжֲڡ
ֻԹҲǳԭĲʲԸͳĸԸ
̫ިʱīлǻ־⡣ӦþĬĬ㿪ˡ
̫ިī룬򽻸飬ǰΪʱµĥŵ
ʶɨ򣬶̫ިº͵ЦЦл󣬲δЩ
Щִֶ֪꣬
ذ£̫ިԾȹ̣ٴαչأڱչǰ
֮ǰѾɹͻ˻
ʮĻ񣬾飬ҲָпСɽУ˵Ҳʦһˡ
ο̫ިʮ궼ΪڤţΪԾ
뵽ˣ΢ȥ˼ȡһƿҩ̫ިͷСһˣ´ʱӦɽ龳粻㣬ǿֻ»Ϊˡ
ΪҶƵĵҩѹħ
̫ިûоܾⱾһС¡
ȥɽ۵·ʯʰϣԶԶܸܵˡ
Ҷһ£üޣ˫īɫۺһסڻָǺǱʲôü֮ɫɢ
Сɽʮ˸ѣҶȴʮ֮С
޳ĵӣΪɥʧʱ¾һǰգ޳һӡڴĿڣΪ˸һҲòг
дСɽУȴҶ¾ܾˡ
УǲͻԼɱ¾
ҶʦһŮƴ֣
һųϧȴ˱صĿ
̫ިʶˮӯӯнΪʺǲСɽֻŵӣԭڣڻܽȫ
ˮӯӯޣΪ㹻ҶС
Ҷ¸ֶĿ䵭һ֡
ѻγ½ƿҲٻԼı齣˲û̶ֻ֣ǽع۲š
ǲͬˮӯӯûô࣬ŽҶʦָ֣̣
пҶ²ָһŮα㵹ɶȥŽһˤڵϣͷ
ȻҶ²ϧ
Ѻ½ƿҲˣһһңҶϮ
Ҷ²δֻԽӦԣҲǶ֡
˱ˣڵϵˮӯӯѾٴҶ
Ѻ½ƿ£Ϊˮӯӯսʱ࿿ܣΪǿᣬϧ˻ˡ
ֻҶ£ⶼͽͣһҶǰȫ·硣
㴦ƣҲ䣬һδӭȥ
̫ިûǰֻǾⳡԡ
ν֮ʱ¥зӵԭСɽȻǻ˹
ҩҶ£̫ިɽȥذ׵ȹǣһСɽӷ׷׿ʺ
ʦ㣡
ʦ㡪
ʦã
Ц̫ͬި˵ʲô˲ǰȥ
¥ϣһĻ䴽ǡ̧ͷչ©Ҷļ϶Ͷ£ĵЩ˯ʱһ


131 
ҹ, ׵ŮѵС¥ˣŵ˭
ˮӯӯƿ, һλƮ˽ȥ, ΪԭΣӨɫˮĸԼӽǷȪ֮, һ̾
˼յƣоʯˮʮ̧ͷ, Ѿ֡ԴˮӯӯҶѧûղ˻
ֻǿֱ׳, ˮʮ߻ǲʮ㣬ΪʲôԼķ䡣
ȪˮӯӯоֻˮĸչˣվҪʮ㣡
ûʯһȪ
ԼĽ, ˮʮ߿ҷ
ӵаֵֻˮĸڻ, ΪΨһһõ̫ިָ壬ˮʮѾײĽ󷨡
ֻΪСɽ, ·ҡ
עʯе˲Ͷڵ, ⡣
ʱٴαƿ, ˮʮæСģ
өˮĸ̧, ֽƽ⣬ӿƮǰ
󷨱ƽʱʯҲ֮, ˮʮ߼ˣ̲ס̾ʮţӦһͬѧ󷨲ǣ
óˮʮŵ󷨵ı֮׽ƽ⡣
ֻԼһ󷨿Σˣ֤ϼ츳
仰Ȫеˮӯӯ̱ʾԣʲôã޲ģ
Ҳ׬ʯ򽣵ʯҳģˮʮ߷˸ۣ޺ã
ˮӯӯôȪ޺ã
ޣ
ޣ
ִֽ㣬ˮʮŴ˸Ƿû˯һ㣬̵˵һûá
Ѿˮӯӯˮʮ߲֪û仰
ڶգһҹȪˮӯӯΪΣϲκϣ屾ǿᣬζţʮֿᡣ
С¥ˮӯӯԸԶˮȥΪʲôһҪѧ֣ǽޣýͺô
ϧԸҲûã뱻ţ͵ùԹȥΡ
ӯӯɫ԰ףȥЩˮӯӯͷʾ⣬һĨºЦ⡣
ȻӺΪСɽŵӲ£ˮӯӯѾˣԭܼ򵥣Ǹҽޡ
ԴӸҶѧˮӯӯѺ½ƿⲻ˻ˣǰҩ®ĴҲնࡣҽ޿˵СɽϡеʿΪεĶǹӺǶ̶¼ˡ
ҲȥΣˮӯӯͷ
ͨ˺ѲȥˡӺº͵ҵi֪ΪγЩ⣬ҪȥѰʦ֡
Ӻ֮iԷĺγɣ⣬ȻֻȥѰ
ǰճСɽдi֮ʱڵľ⣬ʲôã
˼գi÷Ǳô
Ͻо飬񣬱֮ǰЧʸ̫߳ࡣҪǣʯɵֵiеʯ㣬һСɽӱ㲻ÿ¶ȥųȡٺҲʯס
ˮӯӯĽá
ϹӺЩ΢ˮӯӯæ͵˵Ρ
̾һȥɣȥˡ
˵ţͷɥǰȥӺıӰ˹ǣһ뿪
ᶣ֮Уӽɫķ·ڰգ̫ިüɫ˵ʲô
ΪڷЩ뷨̫ިƳ˼ձչء
ڴˣĹӺɽŲһ٣û뵽̫ި
ûпϢѾֹסͷ˹ʦܣ
ӺȫӼʦ֡
漴ת̫ިʦ㡣
Сɽʦ㣬ƫƫǸûаСɽŮʵں˼
̫ިϳǰ꣬ļԲοӺһμǰ¡
Сɽӣһ£鵭ʲô
ӺֱʼմºЦ⣺شʦ㣬ȷСɽӡ
СɽڱĬĬţҹγǶֻΪСɽƺЩ
ӺصλãҹγǳŮ˲֪СɽϾȻһλ߽׵ҩܡ
Ѻմȥҹγǽ׵Уȷһö߽׵ҩҹγǳ˪С
ҽʦ岻ڵҩҽϵҲǷǷҲСɽѧղֻŵӡ
ⷬоݣŷӺ̫ި²Լʲô̬ȡ
̫ި˵ʲôӹͷʦʲô£
ӺͷȡԼi֪ΪΣҵiͻȻܽˡ
СɽiޣΨµֵܷһöǻˣӺҲûаڶʱѰһö
̧֣iշġ
ʶɨiޱȷķģûʲôⰡ
ͷֱӽi̫ިʦ㣬㿴󷨳ʲô⡣
²ʦ㡣
̫ިiעУƬ̧̺ͷӺ֮ǰã
⣬ӺЩΣɿһĿա
ʱĿ࿴
iֻѰ񣬽ղͣȻתء̫ި
iģ˲Ϣiϵٴ
Ӻiָвɴ˿
̫ިתͷ֮µӵĽʱÿĸʱ

д棬ӺѾ⻰ѿڶ
ֹÿֻĸʱôãʱ䣬Сɽ̳İ꣡
ֻ̫ިǰӺʵûеӿֹֻؿӦ¡
СɽϣĹȻλСɽӵĴʦ㣬а̾
룬iȻ֧Ųʱʱתÿհ˸ʱӦö⣬̫ިȻ˵ˣȻᷴԡ
ȷʵ̫ӳĳ꣬־Ӣ
˵ꡭ
Դӽ֮ͨϷȷࡣڵϰС¥˵Ի֮ƸʶĻþ
Ӻɫһ˼һɫ̫ިûжʣֻһ˳ȥ
֮⣬Ӻ̧ͷɽᰣ̾ϢСɽ˼
ģҪ˼
ʶ̽i֮УӺвȻ˼Ļ


132 

Ҷ´Ժ߳, һ£ɽᰣСɽĵӷ
ǰ, ü֮ɫһա
յҩ®, ˷ʹ֮С¥д
䣬ҩ®Ѿ˴, ֻҽһѾ˵Сɽĵӡ
ľУȵɥʦ, ҾԼ˵òأŵҩ, Զ֡
ʦֺλʦÿᣬǾԼϵ⡣
Ӻһǰǰʱº͵ضЦҩõöˣ׶ѻ, ˻ǽҽ޺ʡ
һ, Ůͷɿֽ갴ס
ҿ㾭ٶ£Ӧͨһ, óô˴ˡӺֵ˵, ܾע룬ҪѨ
ʱҽһ, Ӻο뷨ʹʹЩ, кôһ̱á
תͷԼֵŮλã»Լԡ
ʱ, Ѿ㹻СɽڱЩǰʦĵҲԽԽࡣ
ҽ޵ӣ鲻һһָ㣬ԪӤΪҽڵĹӺ㵣˽̵ʦʦõΣгΪҽһ֮ơ
Ҷӵߴȣֻͥɹ˸ҩݣŰµСɽҽ޵ӴУʱʱ䡣
¼ôóɹҪҩԣյʯֻҪһ롭
һλĿʦҪģо¼ɹʱҩԵӰ졣ŮصԲҩΣᰴõļǮչ
˵ŵʦʦ㶼Ǻһ˺ĽΪʲôûЩСɽ˵ʱҪſɱڼ򵥶ˡ

Ҷ̧ȣΧȴ˷ΪֻһɱЩʿĸ֪
ţ֮ڣΪһڵ޽·ʿü棬гŰµСɽӣвε塣
СɽֹеǰΣסҪнΪԵʣСɽΧԺ価˳ȥΪɽһԴ
ҲЩ壬СɽвϷչ֡
һ֣ǰվ·һڵҲһ񣺡ʦ
ܵһλϵĴڿΣǴǰҲ¡
˵ͷֱȥ
ڴ˴Ҷһ񣺡ʦ塣
̲ס̾һϴĵҩѾþ
Ҷάѣǿѹħĵҩ
һ˫īɫǲ˿̶
һʱԣĬƬ̲ŵ£֪Щҩα겻αħֻԼΡ
Ҷû˵һǸܳĬˣڴĿڣѹ󣬱Խˡ
ûи߹κˣ֮ÿÿۣȾѪĳǣԿ޺ûֱͣ˫ֶմ޹ߵѪ
ÿһ̺ŭΪʲôȥΪǳ
մһҲ޷ϴѵ
£֮²ȫΪĹ֪ʲôȰ
Ҷ´Ļɱ˵ģҡ
ԶҲı䲻˵£ϵģ޴Ϊķˡ
еĻһ̾Ϣû˵ȥ
ҩ®ȡҩҶ´ȣ¥ȥ
¥вʿվȴûһ˷̶죬ⰲš
ΧܣҶͣڽ⣬ֻӳ׹âֳһš
У˲Ϣָ
Ҷº¥ֻýȤڽľںܶǰѾĹ
һΪͻƣҶҪΪһźʵĽ׵
ڵҶ±㲻罣ǰ˽⣬Ψһˡ
ԿзģΪ֮ʱ޷ȡӦĹҲǶеӵı
๦ľΪǿв򣬼߻ħ
ϵɢӨ⣬֪ΪΣҶºȻͣ½Ųͷࡣ
¼˹򰲾ϣôҲʲôֵĵط
Ҷûжһ̣з·еʶڸֻˡͷĳ֣
ָһ⡣
֮ʱڴ˵ĽƱƳΪʱĥѾ࣬ҶµĽ±ѩڣɢȥ
֮Ҷ¶Ŀ黯ʱƿƣȴһ
պ˺һ϶з̴ľϻͻأڰ֮УҶ̲סüʲô
֣ľϻ˳Уʶɨδʲôӡ
Ҷ²δ½䱸֣һҿľϻ
麯УϣСɽ޳ƯﲴҪֽڷƶˡ
ҶµֺȻЩϵЩּ̫Ƶ֣޳һΨһֿŮӡ
Ȼȥ޳̫ƣСɽһѾȥʦų
ҶºȻȫпϲǿվΡ
һ̴ľϻˤڵϣ޳̫Ҳɢһء
ľϻŵصҶ˹Щҵض뽫żĿȴһ
̫Ƶּ
꣬պУ֮ڻǰ޳±֪㣬ϸ룬˶δⲻƽֱ֮һʱң̥ᣬûҸӦǸŮ
ǵŮ
ͬ˵ãΪȡިԸľʢξžޣܵһƽá
һΪ¶ЩƵֽϣިʦ͵ŮŮ̫ި


133 
, Сɽ̳
̱ʦ־ȻЦ
⣬ʦ־Ȼǰˣ¥ȻЦ, Цˣ
ҺҵС鶼Ҫſ
1L
2L
3L, ʦֲ̱ЦҲ
4L¥İɣ
5L¥ǰ, ǰţǰպòںi˵ǰŵĵֱ, Ľ.jpg
6Lϵi췭ʮļ۰ɣ¥Ǯ
7LĽ
8LĽ+1

13LĽ+10086
14L¥ƻ
15Lȴ¥ֻѾСɽ, Ƥë˳ָһǳԵö
16LСɽӣе¥㿴ô
17Lͷ, ˺û찡
18Lû¥
19L¥, ˵ʦҪ
20LֲʦֶЦ
21LʦҲʦʦʧը¥û, ֻʯ
22L¥ʦ˭ôû˵
23LõǴʦʦƵ
24L˵Ҫûдʦ㣬ûнСɽ, ʦһ״ӶΪСɽ
25LǶýһʦ㣬СɽɵһɶԴʦ㲻

ʦ֡æҵi, Ӻ, ͸ʮĻҡ
ǰһͷСɽĺѾȥ塢, ֡
ӺЦЦδ˵ʲôŮǰȥĵӣг
Ů̲סʦֹ֣ĵӣȻСɽ꣬Եľˡ
ӺָŮһЦδģ˵ĻǲҪ˵ˡ
ɿһ˵£˷ڵǰȥҽһ±㶼ˡ
Ϊ˲ϣСɽÿ¶ᰲеҽҲ⡣
οҽڣ֮ʱܼ
˵Ů̧һɫǣʦ֡
ڶСɽ𽥾룬ҽ޶£ڹӺߣҽһУͬһ
һ̲̣Ӻóiʶ̽С
ˣŮ¶֮ɫʦ֣Ҳ̫ˡ
ӺһĶõͲ󷨷Χڡ
Ѿ󷨵ĽʼֻСɽɽ֮ϣҲ˵һ뿪Сɽͻ
Ӻ̾˿꣬Ӳһһ
ÿʱ䲻ĸʱȫá
ƫƫλʦҪСɽ˵һԼòΣҲϷſʱ䡣
iѾչ˵ڶһʮʱתҲٷ⣬ĸʱʵЩ֡
Ů𣬺Ρ
ĹӺ֪ʲôüʦҪˡ
أŮԣֳɫѵʦΪͻˣ
ͻƣѾлڵΪˡʣֻ¶ܼɡ
ӺͷЩпʮһĻʿʵЩ¡
û⣬ʮ꣬Ӧþͻƶ顣
뺣ĵѾ룬ӺתͷٴζŮ뿪֮ɽֱ㾡ˡ
ŮЦЦʦַģȲ㣬ʦôãҲѧ˲١
Ӻ˻̧֣ȥ

Сɽڣһ̫ިԺ⡣
ܵԺдĸϢе֮ڣʦӦͿͻƻڡ
ζţ̫ިҪˡ
ϴμ̫ިǰǰԽ
ͬһʱ䣬ѱһѵɽ·ϡ
ǰѾȥۣͶǳȿɿ
һֻѩɰİ׺Զ˻ë׵βͣ
̫ި̨Ҿµֻ׺ΪһˣУѰ졣
ҲȫΪ£Сɽϣúǿڡ
ɫһ˲һƿҩ׺ѽű߲˲䣬ŵҩܿ
ֱǰ̫ިӵСԺѾǰ
ʦ㡣̧һ
нΪΪսײãѹδȫǵһ㣬˲ֱӡ
һ䣬Ѿ˳ͻԪӤϢԲڡ
Сɽ޻ĵӶ֪ʦƣòҪΥ˵Ļ
һ½ƿǰסΣóǴæ
Ǹˣ½ƿЩ˼ض˵ⱾԼõġ
º͵ЦЦû£ü
һ࣬ͷλһƮ˹
ʦ֣û°ɣ½ƿСʵ
⸱ӣоѾıԵ
޷˭ҹڲϻ·ģɫÿȥ
Ϊ̫ިҪأҲԼĵӾг
𣡡
ҧгݵһæȥ
Ϊȳ߳࣬ܶʱΪҲûá
˵ϣҲǼղɽţִըһ¥
غһҲȫ˭뵽ķЧá
ӹ˵Ŀһɨʱεʯôϴζ˲ֹһ
Ϊûһ꽫ҪɵƷݣЦ
ƷôڡӦģ
üͷؽһΧϼϡݡ
ݡһ̫ơ
ռϷ磬㲢ƽС¡
ֶʦãϷֳѾת¥ʦܣǵòա
ʱЩԹΪʲôһþ໭ķ׬ûࣿ
ôҲ벻ףΪʲôôӿΪһþִŵػʯ
ûᣬֻѺ½ƿ£ʦܣ½ʦܣɽڶʿǴִӼǿѲӡ
óiʶСɽó׵ڶ࣬¶ҪԴãûʱ
طСɽǵҩǷ׭Ҫ࣬Чȴδ
˳ֱʵزʯʿо
ǰƤ¸²һʯܲٶһ
̲ס˸ۣ³ը¥ʲôɹûУ㻹Ҫʯ
¥˳ѣ̽ͷ͸һɢζλ֡
¥ʦ֡½ƿһ
Ϊ㲻𽿴һۣ
¥ЦЦҲСһˡ
ƿĿ⣬˼ķΧ֪ΪЩ΢
ܵһ㣬Ժ֮С
ЩţʦҪͻˣ
ʿԽߣͻʧܵĿܱԽ̫ިʱ̲סΪ֮š
һŨüҪʵʣһСɽڣһ̣ˣͣסж
ϼԡУڶʿ
ʱԺϢεѹ˺һˡ
һ˲漴ָΪƽԭصĽҲԹرա
һӰԺ̫߳ިذ£˫бѩδɢֻվ㹻ޡ


134 
, ˮӯӯһŰµСɽѲӣǽѵõһ׮Դ
Сɽĵޡҽ޲ȱʯޡޡҲ˵, ֮, ޺͵޵ľࡣ
ˮӯӯѧ˽֪֮޵ȷܿ, Сɽϣûʯá
Ϊ˸Լı½ʣòЩѲ黤
½ƿӭ, ˮӯӯֻһ䣺½ʦ֣
֪Ҷʦȥˣ
֣ԼȻûɽۿҶʦ֡
֮ǰ, Ҷÿ֮ʱɽ衣ȴͻȻϰߣɵˮӯӯ֡
½ƿ˵ͷºͻصҶʦպڲ¥, ƺʲô
¥, ˮӯӯ̾ԼΪʲôնûмҶʦˡԴӰǰˮӯӯѵͨŵԺ, Ҳûȥ¥Ҷ, Ȼͼ
Ҫ˵ЩʲôʱһĿ
ϳʱ, ½ƿ±ɫ
Сɽ⣡
ѵȥĵӳˣˮӯӯ૵, Ǵġ
Сɽؽڣ⻹ǵһеӵ⡣
½ƿ¼ǵãǰȥĶΪڽϵĵ, ԪӤʿӣлΪҽ޵ĹӺ
֮ʱ岻ãֻšʱСɽӲ࣬Ӻչ¶ҽϵ츳󣬱˳õָ㡣
ڣСɽֻҽһӶˣȻڿΣһŵӣѾܸߣָ㡣
ֱ񣬹ӺҽһʢҲڿҪҪΪ״Լ̳ҽһ
ԪӤʿڣ֮лЩգӦҲܻһڵ
ζţ֮վ
½ƿкȻһģԤУԤĲԾؿ
ûн¶⣬½ƿ侲ضˮӯӯ̽ɽĵټ춯ع˼̫࣬лɽ
СɽĻɽʱһŵɣϵǰҲƿֻҪصɽ֮УӦͰȫˡ
̫ިʱ½ƿѾɳࡣ
δɽŸ𣬸ײԼǰ㲻سΪѪᣬҲ˱ԼصĴϷȥȫΪΪò٣
½ƿ²ٳΪ̫ިʶõǸᣬٺò¡
ʱ½ƿ˵ˮӯӯɴʦַģұǣǲұ
½ƿѵûȰҪñ⣬һ齣һСɽɽŶȥ
Уڿ֮ʱСɽ״Ѿ룬вⶼżء
˴ĺԪӤڵĺޣҲⰲλԪӤУʲôⰡü
ѱŵɫ䣺һл񾳽ϵʿ֡
Ҫϰٽ𵤺ԪӤվҪлϾʿ֣Уʵ岻ʮָ֮ƾԨ޾СɽĹϵжΪҶڣθҶСɽӳ֣
ΪԨ޾κľ˺СɽһֱĹϵСɽĵ£ֻɡ
Ӧǲ塣𽿪ڵ
пʿ֡
СɽӴ󶼲·֮żʣĽǱѲӼʱץ˿
֣ҪģǰȥԮ
̸£ȴЩԥ
زһ㣬̧ͷʦ֣ڵʲô
仰ڳ˶Ŀ⿴˳ꡣ
ҵģӳ£ֻǸɽȦסԥ֮󣬻ǽԼĲ²
ˣΪСɽǿսҶ뿪»
ʱСɽ´ڵ׶Ҳ˱¶
顢Ҷ⣬оȻһʿҲûСҪ֪̫ިСɽӡ
кϵΪΪޣĳභʧ֮ҶµĶ֡
һҶʦ뿪гء
ĻƺЩǣϸֲûе
ĬƬ̣½ƿ»ǿڵˣҲܲյĵӡ
ЩĵӣСɽδ֧
ȥ̫ިԵڡ
ʦ㣿ͬ
̫ިûǶ˵ֻ꣺Сɽܷ㱱ʱ򣬴ԼѾˡ
Щңʦ㣬᲻ֻǳ⡭
ڱκʱ򣬶Ӧнҡ̫ިƽ½Ҫ£СɽĴ
֮ʱϡСɽڴ˴ɽţֵñڶġ
̫ިԭΪСɽʱ䣬ΪףݣָСɽʢҲԶԤƵĿ̫ࡣ
ѾƶƧ֮أһĶ츣ء
ͬ˵СɽδƱغͱһսڱ㣬ҲСɽҪԵһս
һб䣬ɽ󣬲ع˼̫ިٴοڡ
ܹϵܵĻɽһҪķѾʯҡ֮˭ٻصɽ֮С
Ĭһ˲漴̧һ񣺡ǡ
˵ĻѾ˵ˣ̫ިû˷ʱ䣬ʧС
µˣһԴ˿ʼСɽʽս״̬ټеӻɽǿѲ
Сɽ߾Ǩ۸󣬲ʦö
̧֣Ӧǡ
뿪ʱѾʧƽչеЦ⣬첽¥ȥҶڲ¥ϡ
Դ֮Сɽ˶ͨi֪£Ѷࡣ
һСɽӲͬҶºٽδ֪ʲô
¥֪
Ҫ̤¥֮ǰתͷ
ʶ쾡죬ڴ𽿴߶ʮҷۡ
սڷ죬𽿴࣬һǿϢʶۣһѪ
Ҷ¼ʱ໤ڿѾΪϢˡ
Ҷڲ¥ϾԭҲܼ򵥣֤Ѫ
ŮʦŮ̫ިϣɺϵô
Ҷʶõ̫ިͲʮôǵŮ
ˣҶлǲһ΢ĩϣ
޳䣬ʬ޴棬ζѰѪûãϵĶ࣬յѾϨĻƱһ
СɽڰɽʱһѪԼĻơ޳յƣڡ
Ҷ»գҵһ̫ܽި޳ϵѪ
ֻû뵽Լ߳¥͸ܵǿϢҲʱ֣ûбˡ
Ҷʦ֣ϮԼ
ķ̶ۣӡ
֮ʣߺȻһƬ޴Ӱվ壬սϳɫɡ
ɽڵĴܡ


135 
ڵ½ƿ½, ˮӯӯûеʱ䣬ԼһѲӵĽ޸ټеӡ
ȻʱЩףˮӯӯڶལ֮лЩ, ԭܴҿᡣ
СɽһЩӶ, ˮӯӯĻ㲻ôˡ
߰´ˮӯӯһۣһˮʮ, ΪСɽ˳ƾ㣬ûʸʹӣ
ô˵, ȷĵϾ游, ΪĻޡ
ˮʮСɽ񹤵֮һΪԵʣˮӯӯˮʮŽҲڲúСɽʱ, Ҳ˽СɽΡ
Сɽʽյʱ, ֻμԣСɽӡ
ʱμԵ, 㣬˵ΪСɽӾ, Ϊƽǳſ˱׼ΪŵӵʸҲûС
УʵҲԸǰСɽ֮, δʲôŴ, ֮һഫ׷ΪߵĴʹ͡
Ϊԣ޵ŵͳ, 忴޻
СɽʢԭƽƽҲڵõָԣ˵Сɽӻڲ۸򵽸ֵҩ׭
ô㹻ʱ㶼ˡ
ԭСɽмһ˵壬Ҳסջ󣬾μԣˮӯӯ˵һ
ϣԪӤǰСɽΪŵӡ
ΪޣԼΪݣμСɽ𽵹ȻֻһŵӣСɽǲʶȤ
ΪʲôֻŵӣԭҲ򵥣СɽͽֻΪʣҲԡ
ˮӯӯʶϣ˫ཻ̫Լиʿ游һƲѰ塣
ˮӯӯڰСɽ󣬺ԭͣͲǰΪͻƣбȹԼ֮ơ
Ǽ޽ӣˮӯӯټӣȫȻӡ
Χ׷Ҳ뿪ڣ԰ҲǸŵӣƾʲôģ
ѶʦҵȻɽˮӯӯɫ֮ʱ˼ѰеȻ
ֻӻɽδԵʣھͽܵĲ²⹫ֻĻ̻̣̫á
꣬Ͼ͸ˣЦһ𵤵ķ㻹ʦ־ˡ
ϣǲǷᣡУˮӯӯ
СɽһڣеԸѰԶķ̫ިȡСɽڣ֮С
ˮӯӯ齣Խڣȡ׷Ϊߣ齣ƷҲ֮
ϴѵؿı齣붯֣ӷ㣡ˣҪ齣£
ˮӯӯŴƽʱӦעϺúýѵһ٣ڡ
Ϊޣˮӯӯ޿̽˵ı£ȴҰްֱڽӵϳĴѶʱֱ̻ɽ
ҲԪӤʿ֣֪Ҫ˷Ѷʱ䡣
СɽӣԸʦֺߣ仰ˮӯӯϣһڽ޵ת
ϱ֣ضıӰһЦҲֻ㵨ˡ
ˮӯӯԼŻˣв¶ֵ⡣
Χвذ׵ӷ壬ˮӯӯĲʮ֮һ
ȻɽţЩСɽԳ״Ӳ޶پηԸΪСɽӣΪкôˡ
˵ĳ굱Ȼ֪£̶ʱ䣬ʵҲûа취ıһ㡣
ڱɽţСɽ㲻ǰֻȼϤΪƾҶº飬Сɽڴ㡣
𵤺ԪӤڶʿǰʲôаٸǧأ
СɽĹȻֻôԸǵȵӣͬҲཫСɽ֮Ϊ԰ĵӡ
ǽػСɽ֮һ
˵飬ŻСɽڱɽͽ֮¡
ʱСɽһ·
ڣӼӸˮҷۣ겻Ծսе֡
ɽٴܣ
ʮ꣬һվ
׼лǲΪ֮𼸷־⡣
δʧǣкϵڣκ׶СɽΣϧֻʣڡ
ڵҶ£϶ɽٴܣʤ㣬סģΨлɽ
ܲڴ֮ͣ꣬вֻһɽٴ뿪Լ̫ãѱᱻ˳ûϳ
ֻҪסСɽϣ
ڶĽУΪ˴㹻Դָ겻⡣
ֻû뵽ľȻǶɽٴܡ
СɽһλɽٴԶ֣곶˳ǣһĨЦǲӦþң
Ҳһֿ϶ˡ
̧ͷ˿̣չʮˮתͶӳСɽΡ
ԭɽĵСɽڸҲ֮ԸӺֱеķԽԽϲεѹ̲ס־壬ԭµĵӣɽ˹
վڳԣɫ䣺ٹһ̣۱ᴩϡ
˼Ǳڷ۵֮ǰɽ󣬷򡭡
ˮڲֻʱӵСɽӣɫɽһܽУЩɽĵӣᱻΣ
ڳĬûٿڣֻЩصĺ
ڷ۱ƽСɽʱ̫ިѾס
ûдˣܾȣһ˱Ѿӣǲܾȣٴ˭Ҳ޼¡
ʮɣѾûչ˴ֻһƬڡʿʱ򲢲Ҫ˫Ŀֻʶɸ֪
ſ֮أ˿˿ƵѪԶ̫ިĸ֪С
޴ɺ״ﰲЩ¡
ǰذ׵ӷŮƯںˮУѾûϢԣвٱȻΪԭεСɽӣ䡣
ѪƹɺϢд굹ɺ£˿ڻڲѪ˫Ŀ˻֮С
̫ިڹӺǰ䵭ؿ
ָһڹӺüģתѡ
Ӻۣ˻Ƶػһ䣺ʦ㣿
ԭʱɫǲ԰׵ÿ¡
ʲô̫ިûж˵˼ֱʵ
ӺƻЩ磬ʧƬ̲Ż֮ǰ£
һе壬ΪлΪԪӤʿҲǶֻ֣սˡ
λʦסڶ壬ҲŴʦʦѡ
Ӻҽޣ£Ȼ뿪
ϧǻǱ׷ϣֿУʦʦöУҲǿ֮ĩλԪӤڵʦڸ֧Ԯҵȱ˴ԱԪӤΪۣŽǻڵˣҴʮλʦʦ뿪
ӺϴССв˿ڣΪصľɼǵĵۣ֤ȷһս
ԪӤԱನԣֱ̫ިѰŵתѡ
ӺָЩɽȡһöҩΪСɽҽ޵ӵһˣȱʯ˲Ʒҩ
µҩԭݽߵĵʱָ˲˿ҲֹסѪ
Ӻ̫ިһ񣬿ڵʦ㣬Ҫģһ֮ǰҴĵӡ
˵ò̫ިƽ³⼸֣鲻κα仯
̧֣ˮһָ֧΢㼲һХ
֧ǾֱӺĿڡ
ͫ΢ӺѾӦ
ӹһѪۣ漴ɢںˮС
Ӻס˿ڣϿ԰׵ϸ𳱺죺֪ʦ㣬ǴӺʱʼҵģ
ʱѾûбҪαװ


136 
Ӻû, ̫ިɫ糣
̫ިֻһƬ䵭ʱŹ㡣
ϣŵ˴, ֵϹӺ
Ӻû뵽, ʧЦԭ˰
ֻʦͲңһ㲻, Ҫġ
ѰɣӦҲ˹سֲǡ̫ިһ, ȷйӺЩֲ
̫ިЦЦؿᡣ
⻰֪ΪùӺЦ, еʦ㣬㵱Ҽ˼ˣ
Ż룬Լ©
ӺʣСɽ겻κζ, ĵϰҽ, оʮ֢Ľ
ڱţԼ类Ϊ, Сɽȴ洫Ҳûܻϡ
Ӻ̾һ, Ȼת⣺ʦ㲻֪ΪʲôҪôô
̫ިشѾԹ˵Ƿ˸, Щ, 㲻òǡλҪСɽڴˣֻΪıһ
һʼ, ӺʲôϧСɽչ̫죬˲ٴ죬ǷһλҲС
ԪӤϰٽ𵤵ӣСɽ˵ȻȻҶʦûʦҲûаæһ
ȴҶº飬СɽΪߵģǻ񾳵̫ި
ӺƺԼĴʼմЩЦ⣺ʦ㲻صģֵޣвһȻλʦԱ֮£ģʦӦûʲôвġ
ʱ̹Ȼؽһʦã̬ȷǳ󼰡
Ļˡ̫ިڿڡ
֮ʱжȻ𷱸ơ
ӺûжԤϵһ㡣
̫ިʱ̾һʦ֪ʱ䰡У֮£ҪΪЩһ·ʱ䣬ǶڴʦУԵҺûá
һѾЩˡ
ѾΪʿסʦӦϲСɽˡ
ⱾΪҶľ֡
ָ⴩͸ӺĿڣһ˲䣬ѪУ⽫Լ̴
ʹϮùӺɱɫѪҺɢڱĺˮУ̹ܵǺ⡣
ԭôʹడ̾Ѿʧ˽㡣
Χƿʼת£Ŀڣ̫ިָһġ
ιӺ˵ôϻ׼ġ
µòӺ޿֣ǰֻ⻯ǻˣҲ塣
䲻ȷҪһԡ
ĳ֮ʱ̫ި֪Ĳ²ûд
֮⣬򣬹˼ҡ
֮Уɫ䣬ɿнӡסԼ
ͬʱĿڷ⻯ƾȻǣ壬˲ϢѿӺ͵һѪ
ӣ
һʱǰ߶ΪӺˡ
գȡУ̫ިĻߡ
Ӻ̧ͷЦţȳѪλʦ㣬Ǻ˼
ƣĵرҲҪһزܺȫ
Ǿ⻯ȻС
һ㽫鶼ˡ
Ӻ̲ס̾һԵıգźģԼҲòˣӲ֪Ȥ١
СɽԭҲ˼ȴƫƫҪɽڱ¡
Ұѱעᷴɡ
ӺĨȥѪһĨζЦ

СɽڣһǰˮʮסΣֽ̧Լע⿪ķС
ڳ׼֮ŵ̤һֻƴөˮĸͷˮʮš
ʦ֣ʦ֣ˮʮȻɿѾڻɽƣų󷨵ʦʦأֻҪŦɿ󡣡
̫ިڣˮʮ߱Сɽ󷨵Ĵڡ
Ӧһɫɡ
ǣĿӹˮʮ߼ϣ̲סһ䡣
ˮʮߴҶʮãҲ裬һ̽ɽ󡣡
ȳ˵ʲôռˮȻ鿪
عͷλú󣬳̽ˡ
Сɽǧɣ૵ԷнٶȣֻҪʮϢ
ˮʮ̶ԳȡԿ
ˮ֮лδܻصɽŵĵӣֳصЩ̧леδصɽš
һɽǱĻزˡ
˶ʮ꣬һΣڣѡСɽڶӵ
Ҳ˵ɽĵУʶõ壬ǶҪһʦ֡
ǲһˣ
ٲɽĻСɽˣˮʮԵùࡣ
򣬺ʱ۰ķ£ķգȻѡ񣬾ͱе
֪ж壬ڰֻ֮һ仰䲻ã㶪
ˮʮ˵Сɽݣô£ҲҲᱻӡΪʹū
֪ǿԼջĿ⣬ٿɽⱼӵĵӡ
ûѡ
ɽȡԿų߶ɢĿ⣬
𣬻ʼת
Ҳڶ֣볤һעԿ֮С
öԿ¼״ӵϢҪ֣ܽ⿪Կƣʹɽ볤һԭ
Կڰ֮УɽͶ·
ٲһ˿Ц⣺ʮߣˡ
ԼʱѾɽӵӡ
ˮʮ߳Ĭͷǰһ߶Կ׼ɽ
˭Ҳû뵽һ̣өɫĴִĿڡ
ˮʮ߶һ٣ŵ̧ͷˮʮѾָԭеΣֻͬʱ͸˳塣
ʮ߸磬˯һɡˮʮջش֣ƽ
Ķԣһʱ˵ġ
ˮʮ߻˵ʲôڶѾϣֻˤڵء
ˮʮһֻ׼ĶƣȴתƱˡ
̫ިµ󷨣˭׸Ķ
ˮʮֻۣǿƿɵдơ
һں޷ԴĶأ񶯵ãֻؿ۸Ļɽ
ǻɽʧãСɽΣˡɫϣһɽȡ׭ˮʮš
׻ķģˮʮ̧һĳߵķһ˳ȥײĵǽϣʱʧϢ
ͬʱ޸ƵĶһ̲ͣ
һƱˮʮųɹضʱ񽣹𣬾ޱ˳ֽն
өˮĸòͣ¶ɿȥֻס档ҵڵƽϢʱˮʮǰģһΪϤ
Ⱦ˳ңˮӯӯģЩǱָֽԼãҧʵʮţΪʲô
ΪʲôҪô


137 
ʮ㡣Լǰִˮӯӯ, ˮʮһ㻽ƺõѰʲôֱ
ĵȷˮʮž⡣
Ϊ˸Сɽȡɽʱ, ҶԳֹн, ΣһʱӦ˼ˡ
Ϊ˲Ҷº, ֻעͳڣδɱǡΪ״ӣһ, Ҷº̱ˮʮűض
ˮӯӯһǲϲˮʮŽԼʮ, ֻʱѾϾˮʮŵĳƺ
ŽһűҵĹ֪Լڸʲô𣡡
өˮĸƫƫͷˮʮŴݴȻ֪ġ
˵, ˮӯӯŽٽ˽
ʮŲΪ, ɼ֮, ԭǳԱġʵˮӯӯһ˲հס
ǶƸе, ʱȻǰδζЩ
ʱөϮ, ˮӯӯع, ն㿪ٷܹܼƣˮʮűƽ
, һһ˳ϯ
ˮӯӯĽ񣬱䣬һǰ
Ľ£ˮʮŲòݱܷâ
ʱˮӯӯٴοڣСɽ𣿡
ܺáˮʮŶ㿪ĽҲڽԼô

ʮһʼҲΪСɽʯˮʮʵԪӤڵˮӯӯǰĶԵࡣô񷴶Сɽ
ˮӯӯֻǵöʮԼһǰСɽʱδͻԪӤʲôʱģ
Լõ˽⣬ʵ̫١
ˮӯӯĿԣСɽӣ
ʲôԴˮӯӯĸĸѰ֮ԵˮӯӯԴ֮ʱ㱻ϳȥѰ·
ΪԴˮӯӯֶΣΪֻбøǿܻȥû˭̹ǷǺڰףһУֻǱܶѡ
Сɽ꣬ȻѧֺȤȻκᣬˮӯӯϲ
ʦܺãʦʦܺãʦʦҲܺá
Сɽֵػĵط
ʮ㣬ڲˡˮʮŵ
ˮӯӯһ˫þˣʲôʲôˣ
ѵӦ˽̣Գ𻹶𣿣
תˮʮŵĽʽԽԽ
ˮӯӯˣˮʮֳ֮ɫԪӤڵѹк£ַˮӯӯ·
ˮӯӯˤ˳ȥڵ滮̶죬ڵأֹסȥơ
ԪӤڡ
ˮӯӯżͷѪȾذȹٵش.ϢţǱ
ˮʮſһۣûٶ֣ٴƽơ
СɽĻɽ󲢷ǻȥһƱƽ⣬󷨵ӣȥһҲת
Ҫȫ壬ƻĵƣˮʮűǿлȥΧǧƲܽӽơ
ס֣ˮӯӯվ˼ͷƣٴγ֡
ֻ־֮ʱ͸Ů壬¼ȫѪȾ죬Щɲ
ˮӯӯзɳȴˮʮŶȥ˴ġ
ģ۸ĵٴת޾ӿ
ˮʮŻʲôѾ󷨽ǿ˳ȥ
ɽ󣬿ˡ
һֶ̣ǽϵˮӯӯЦ
ʮţˡ
ʮͨ󷨣ô֪οɽ
ңҲ̫ˡ
ˮʮŵĿΪԷõˮʮϣܿʶʲô
ڶطһ̣ˮʮ߳ɹʶѶˮӯӯҶ¶ˮʮУˮӯӯΪߡ
ָ㣬ˮӯӯƿƣ˳˻ɽ
ˮʮֳӿŭɫȻ쳤ͬʱˮӯӯˮʮߵĵ
һΣɱǡ
һ£ˮʮŵĴֱնϣҶڵУϲκα顣
ǹôãδ죬ͽΪ
ˮʮҶ³֮ʱԼıѾգûԥӡ
Ҷָ̧֣£өˮĸ㲻ܿƵصɶء
ַȥˮʮŵΪγɵ֮УҶΪһ˶
òҶ¿ˮӯӯ
һѪµˮӯӯЦЦȴᡣ
תϢгءˮʮţҲᷢʡǻɽƣôǾֻܳСɽ
ϸ쵼ߣӦˣ곢һƬɬ
Ӧ֪ԼÿӰ쵽Сɽ
ȳһѪɽ俪һѾȥ
ζţȱڡ
ˮʮ߿ƣΪԭΣֻͬʱ޸Ҫʱ䣡
Ҫã
١ˮʮԥһ˲̡
ʱӦѾǱ뵲ס̡
Ҷûжԣֻ˵һ֣á
֣ʧС
ͬһʱ䣬ס
˴˲˵ǸϽôڰĺˮУһֻ̲סڵ
ǰԪӤһ壬Ҳǳһˣ
Сɽһʤһҷﻹмֻ©֮㣬ѵôŹ
һ޲Ϊ֮Ķһʱٲ᳷֮¡
֮ǰսӳСɽӲʮˣ϶˻صƣöñ㱻׷ϡ
Χڶе壬Сɽ϶¶֮ɫ
ԾѾʤȯյЦԹԽɽ佻һһȫʬ
ڶ崹ѵؿΧеСɽӣֻһ£Ҫǰȥ
δѵ¶־֮ɫʦ㡭
ŮӽЦŶҪɽ䣬Լȡ
ֻҪǰ㽫ԼɽʣµʮټԱ𵤵ӦΪλʦʦһӵĻᡣ
ʦʦȻ䣬ڣֵʦʦˡ
ŮһƬȻ
Ȼûн£̧ʾ⡣
˿񶯵ںˮУڶ廹δüӦ겱Ȼһ˿ڣѪɢԶͣһɲ
ͬһʱ䣬еҲΪ˿ƽɱϢ㶪
̫ިͬһӰˮֳΣڿʱݾСɽӾ㶼ֳϲɫʦ㣡
Ǵʦ㣡
Ůйž޲Χ岻ţԼͬ龹Ȼ׵УЩδС
˿Ҳ̫ިָ⣬һѪ뺣У˲ʧټһ̣嵹¡
ʣ϶Ϊ޾־ȡҲֿͷɢӡ
̫ިŹǣϾ֮ǰҲδŹСɽӡ
ѪծѪ򵥵ĵ
ˮŲסӴܵ壬̫ިս֣ǵڶըδüһҽС
һĻʮٺСɽӾ˵ֻǶ̶̼䣬Щ׷ɱǵ㾡
̫ިСɽڳ羴Ǵʦ㣬ǵĴʦ㡣
ǣ̫ިڣһɽ
ɽ
ǿԻؼˣ


138 
Сɽɽ, ʮӣŸĿǰСɽ御뵽̨̤
Ծ룬Щֻ±㲻롣
̨̤˪¥ǰ, Сɽ, еϰ֮ǿʱＷ˻Ϊε, ͷܶЩҡ
ΣʵϲԼԭ, Сɽϣ, ж
Ϊʲôڴ˴
ҵȲСɽΣǺ
ûٲ뿪ݹҲˣ
ӵ, һЩ鼱̲סԱߵСɽӡ
, 嶼Ǳ˴ģСɽӲԸ׶֡
̨̤жŭ, ʱûж֣ӱ, еĴţƺһ뿪
ʱ̨̤Χ, ̨̤߽屻һ, ˼סΡ
һصͭ𣬳ϲΪ֮һ
ѱŵСɽϲʲô, ȻĿɨǰһ壬ڵСɽб䣬Ϊλƽڴˡ
Сɽб䣿仰̨̤һɧʲô
ǷʥʾСɽˣȺв֪Ժδһֵ
ʥԶɽڴƣǽΪԼȡ֣֮УҪһʥ
һԭƽˮͶһöʯӣʱز
Щ߲ԪӤԣɽڵĴܣֻһǻΪ촷ۡ
ˣʥĴ֣СɽһữһƬ
ҲҺСɽûйϵ뿪
֪ˣΪѧ֮ǱΪСɽӣֻҪ

̨̤ЩʧأѾǿнΧƿ
ʦ֣ôźãŮʵ
ôصסǣ
һȻĿ⿴֮ʱʶӡ
˵ķʵ˭֪ʥ
뿪뿪ǡ
̨̤ԽңڶΪηСɽΧ˹
˽ƣ뿪ͬڣ֮Ա
ڶеͷĿ˫ŲĹâۿҪϮǰСɽӡ
һ̨֣̤Ʊػһս
һ̧̣֣󳤵ʣХڶС
֮ںڳ͸Ŀڣѣ۶ǲţ建ȥ
ԭŵɫ̨̤ȻҲƽϢ
Сɽӣɱ⡣ѻڣ󣬵
вѲûɱ
СɽѵǽǶڴ˴ô忪ָ
ѵĿϣˣǱ˰ɡ
СɽӣҲȫֵΣοЩǲ壬˭Ҳ֪֮л᲻нˡ
ջصɫ֪ɽΡ
Сɽɽ֮תǿ߷۵ٶȡ
ڵ֮ײǻǰ
ǶɽڴܣȻкϵ磬ȴֻʣ꣬ʵ
Ҷڻãʱȥƾʹһġ
鱻˼æ֣סʦ壡
ЩЦҡͷ޷
⼸Ϣ֮䣬ߴѾȫͣСɽϷԶ
ŷƮս죬ʱɽſڵڶӶֳη֮ɫǶɽڵĴ޲֪СɽУ඼Ǳ塣
ڣЩΪޣ֪зǰĵӲ֪ʲô
ɽڵĴȻСɽ
Щų壬ʱѾ̲סɪɪ
ڷ۵֮ʱɽҲʱŵ£˿
лɽڣٿԻеƽ
ҶҲڴʱ˻Լؽз½
Ҫ޸󷨵ȱڣҲ̡
̧ͷЩ֮У˶ɽڵĽʿϢʮ񾳽塣
СУɾǰ֮Сֻһʱ̸ֺ̣ס
ϷͻȻһʱ䣬Сɽⶼ֣һټ֮ա
⻰òСɽĿ飬ʦ徹ȻͬʥǾʶ
̧ͷŷۣЦصҲδ뵽СɽСѾ˱ʥ
Сɽδ֮ʱΪĽλʦʦԵ
̣ҴҶȴǸ¡
һ㣬ҲûзϣڱСɽСɽԸ˳ֻҪɢ꣬µһ
ʥҪСɽԼȡ鲻Ϊ
زĻشʾ£ʿԷֳΣǿѹޱкľ
̽ʵҶѾ̤ƶˡ
ʿʹ˱ȥ·һ
ͬʱӰ£֮ԭζݶ֮ò
˫ķѲ϶·䣬ܼڻɽϣΣΨһֳȱڡ
ʶһ㣬ָ˴
Сɽӣ󣡡½ƿ
ϰٽ޵ӸվλƽǰתΣڵһ֣γӰХ
˵嵹£ȴû赲ͬĽŲ̤Щµɷ˸Ϊɱ¾â
̤ͬʬףƽСɽɽıԵսɱ֮УСɽҲڲϵ¡
ŮᣬʩŷĶͣһҪ˿ֹסѪ̱ҽ޵Ӵ߶롣
Ĩһᣬ϶˼ҺۣȥЩǱûͣǰԼһܶһͬš
ӺڣСɽڶҽޡޱ㶼ɰ
ҩ®ӣŰٲݿ⣬ȫ񻪵ع˼ɣ
񻪵˵ĵҩȿˣƷײߣҩ®д󲿷ֵӶơҲΪˣЧޡ
񾳿£һö񻪵˵ӵõһ˿Ϣ֮
ǰ½ƿ´ڶսǰԡѪѾֲǵˣԼѪ
Ǽù£ָӵĻ̲סˣ˴
񾳵ѹϯڶ̲סֳ־֮ɫһ£ԭΪСɽӵɶеĵԡ
½ƿµڵ棬ѵ֧ϰþе񲻹𵤺ڣϻʿ̫ǿ
ǻڵҪٴζ֮ʱӰڵǰ
ָ⣬ʮعĶΪ֮һ١
Ϣ֮䣬Ѿ㹻ҽ޽˵ĵӾȻء
ɫԽԽ԰ףȻ壬ľԽΪʿþҲΪ֮¡
Զ¥ڶˡ
ܷ·ǧǺתĿڱƵĻϣʧȴ
¥УΪһһ˿ǣţˣ̧֣¥նˡ
޵ģԼʦԼ΢
֮䣬Լֻ¥һ˻ᣬʦԼδѧ
ԭֻǸƷ˸бãܳһһʱУ¥ڿԼҪҪһֹ
ֱСɽıڶط伮ڲȫ
ͷ΢¥˴ǡ
޵£ҲһѪί١
Խ׶ҪЩۡ
ͷ¥ǿЦЦɳŵס
ģʿ
ûʮع¥΢ҲʩչɱʣʿҪϡ
𽿴ó¥ΪɣʵԼ㡣
ʲôҲû˵ֻҪܳŵס
ɱ˵¥ȥϢ΢ҽ޽ҩ®ȥ
ǿ֮ĩȡöҩ£뿪
ʿĪ䣬ֹס˽ŲϢ֮
ƺСɽ壬ĹΪ֮һ١
԰ߣƶ֮ϣʿһƺƴ
Ҷֳ⣬һȺΧХȥƵȥ
Ѿ˲ˣȾѪڷ죬쳣侲
֮£ͲЩŭûδδĽޣʵڶ
Ȼ֪ҶѾûбˡ
ı¾һ޹պ󣬱Լ۶ˡ
ʼڷ֮ڣδ¶Ľһڳ֡
һ̣ʼעҲȻӭϡ
ڸ߿ײ໥
ɫЩϵ飬ʧȥǣҲΪ֮ɵҲˡ
ʵʣ¼֣ɫӹǵдż𺡣
ûˣСɽˡ
½ʱҶ·硣
֮Уֻ嶼ϣˮ֮У޾βһڣϡ
Ҷûдᣬл˲Ϣ̴Ҫֻüҽһص׹ȥ
뱾ԣŭ
һƸԨ޾ۣǿнһơ
Ҷµش࣬ǿǰһƣ˻ˣ⴩͸ͷڵĻΪۣҼһɼǵצˣѪ졣
Ψһʣµ嶴ûҶ¶֣ΪսСɽʲô£Ҷ£Ȼܡ
޶нգԸûԥã嶴Ӷȥ
Сɽӣս˻ػɽУУ仰ʱɽ⡣
ȱڵʶʲôǰɱĵ˻أ̧һ˳壬һϣ塣
ô˻ᣬڶûԥ˻
Ϣ󣬴˴Ʊ޸屻ڴ⣬͹ϣ⡣
ʱڷɢɻҶ֮С
Ϊסأ̫֮Ѿ޷ά塣
ԭѾˡص
Сɽϱ޸Ļɽһһֻɫ񣬳չ֮ʱ˲յĴ
һȣҶµ˳ȥԨ޾ʱסʱѾ׹뺣С
ɫᣬһδĻСɽĻɽ£ƺµơ
˵Ϊ󷨲޲ơ
ضδʿҲĴߴһ֣Żɽ
·ҲǵذСɽӿǾ粢ߣۻҲһɼΪµ
ҶˣԨ޾ȻӦ˳ȴֱɽٴһɽƣСɽӱֻ׸
ڶӣɽ巴
ʦ㣬ʥʲôʱ˱ƣķŮʵ
Ҳ֪ǱȥΪǲסǱûмˡ
ĳ𲻶Ļϣڱչ⣬Сɽǻ谵ࡣ
һƬң޵Ӿ޲ƻǲѺۡ
Ҷվ
Ҷѣ绤е뿪ɡԨ޾̾Ϣһս㾡ȫСɽزסҲӦ
Ҷû˵ʵڲôãѾ۶ϣҼצ˸أ¸߽׵ҩҲֻǺתЩ
ԶԶСɽΣֻһƬīɫ
Ԩ޾˵òҶ²ô
⴦ɽţˣѪ
Ҷ˺ܶ£Ϊŷչ
нΪζܶǰ
Ϊʲô
ԼıȾ޹ߵѪʱҶѾҲˣ۶ԼĽڴĿڣ֮Уجꡣ
ʦ֪ˡ
Ҷµ帡ڿУо޴ĽӰ֡
£ĽޣҪԼĽ
һ̣ҶԼһٷ񲻹Ļָ֣̌¡޴ĽӰɫն£ظܲһ˻𣬽ΪӰնϣȥ
ôܣǲǸ龳Сˣô˵
ŭ֪ΪΣһһˣһѾ䣬մһټˡ
նǺӣ޳
Ҷ²֪뷨óһľѣϵ˿ٴӿѪѪ۰߲
ʦһΣûйûйСɽ
Ҷ±ۣԼȥ
նĽƣŭسХһҶ£Ҫ
Ҷʦ֣
һ̣СɽӸ
ЩǱ׷ϣҶʦֱض䡣񣬻˭ܴӶɽٴоȳ
СɽеӶһĻ߸ġ
УԭƽĺˮȻޱ߿ڲ֮УˮԾ棬˲˵Ŀ⡣
֮£Ƭƺ˺ɼޱǡ
Ů֮ϣذȹڷ񽵡
ڿòһ˲Сɽ϶¶ϲɫ
Ǵʦ㡪
ʦˣ
Ҷʦоˣ


139 
, ӺԭҶ£̫ި
Ѱź߽׷̩ӷ⴦򣬽߽֮׷, 㶴ʿҲƽⲻ, ԭΪҶ׼̫ި
ԿĵͭƬ, ڰĺˮĬһϢУй¶˷ֺ
ϴ˵СɽӳŹ̩, ֻ֣ȴ, ȻǵΪ޷Ƴ
ʦ㡭ȷƣʮֻ̫ܿި
ʵڽ֮ǰǶλʦ㱾ϤСɽ, ̫ިڱչ, гУһЩСɽõĵ, ģ֪
ĽǿΧǵ̫ިǰ, ̶̼Ѿ촦ЩҴСɽóϷ, Ļһʦ㡣
̧ͷˮеͭ, ̫ިע֮УͫɫתΪ̣б⡣
Ļ, ̩ͭ᲻ɴݣַҲ㹻Ѱʲô
бɫ̫ިܵһʹûͣ
ʱ仺ȥ谵ĺײ⣬Щֲ徿ȥ˶á
̫ި̩ǵǻǾ̩µӡԼʶϯȥ
̫ިΪ޷ǿͻ̩ӵķĨȥӡеʶ̩
Դ֮£һжΡ
رԴƬУ̫ިԿ˿Ķ̩ڵʶӡ
һѪɫ۵䣬̫ިûб䣬ʶͬ˳һȺӡ
ӵ̩ӵĶʿԼû뵽һʿȻĨȥϵӡ
˭뵽̫ި֮УһرԴƬ
ƺ춯ʶӡ𲻶̩ӵͼ֮ջء
̫ިʶеسӡ֧Ųסһҡҷ̫ިδ˼ʶдʹкʶ
̩ӱٻ֮ǰһˣ죬ʿӡȫĨȥ̫ިʶȡ̩֮ϿԼӡ
һ̣ԭڹСɽɽһʿ͵һѪܸ֪̩ϵϿˣ
˭ģ
ǿ߽׵ķͬΪ龳ʿҲƿ̩ӣ
ʶдһʹʶĹȵ֢״̫ިδֳֺŴƬ̩ӷС̫ިġ
ͣʮСɽӣȥ
ޱ߽𣬾Ҳ˿
ҶµĽ̫ިֲ֪ǰõĽ
Ҷʦ޳ѧȻն콣̫ިףóһӦǲС
Ҷ£ԼĽ
ѪӸߴ׹䣬ȼѪɫĻһʹϵҶ³
̫ި⼸֣һɵˮԺԾЯǰ
ʦ㣬Сİ֪֣ܲСɽֻܵ
ˮţһһֳϡڶɽڵĴǰ̫ި֡
ͽҶµľԶ򸩳Ľ̫ި̧֣ˮ𣬽žϷʧһĽ
һȣױ㽫סԼˮɢ˲Ϣ䣬̫ި̩ӣҶ»
Ƶͭ𣬻صޱ޼ʵĺ棬̩ϳ˼Ѻۡ
µĶʿһĻŻѪˣǷķ
һ߽׷ڶܶԣҲΪû뵽˴γѹһȥʶӡĨȥ
̫ިˮڿлۣٴλΣȥгˮٹҶ£̫ި
һڵСҲǰ
ٶʵںܿ죬ǾʩΪһﲻڻ¡
ǧһ֮ʣˮʱ̫ިʱ㿪ɽپɨѪڡ
л£ˮɢ̬̫ިѽߣ뺣ˮ֮С
ʶһЩ磬ԻԶɽ٣˭Ѱ·Ҷ»ֹһΣ̫ިȻӲܡ
Сɽĵ̣ϡŹֵ뷨ĳ֣ٳСɽ˷˼ٶȷչ׳󣬸ĵҩ׭أʯСɽ֮С
һս̫ިҪ硣
عЩСɽΣΣʲôҲָժ
̫ިǷСɽѾˣѡ
֮ϣ廹ڲ϶Իɽ֣Χɢ֮ơСɽֻȥΧС󷨷ǿ
ΪΧڣֻҪʯ㹻ɽʿҲ޷ƻСɽʯһض⡣
ֻζţǽҪɽŴ뽨
ʧĽצű亮âʿڶɽٴǰ̫ˡ
ҶѾնȥһѪںˮУÿһζ̺Ӵ
̫ިԪӤ֮ʱ͸ƶɽٴܣֺξڴˡ
ǰҲ°ܽѡ
̫ިۣ˫Уȼ档
ˮû壬һ̣кȻ˼
µգʱ󻯣격ʩ
УΪ̫֮꣬ި֮Գ档һΣ֮䣬̫ިٿһطʵ
̧ͷԱ֮ɫȾͫϣѾκα飬һָĮȻ
Ƭ񶼷ˮմʪӸߴٶȣƺڱܿΪá
ˮסڶ̫ި˫ʱȻ־֮⡣
һĻԨ޾оĪǷ֮
һ壬Ȼڻ֮ʱط򣬽֮£
̫ިŽһʱ޷
Ը뱾һνס̫ިڡ
ҪΪһ壬ɽڵĴʥ
Ԩ޾̲סΪɣڶŵһһĬãԺͬҽף
ˮԾϣ̫ިףѻɫĳɢڷУ̫ި
Ϊˣ֮վ䡣
𡪡
Ԩ޾õԼҪĴ𰸣һز㣬ΨоΪ𣬲ſɳ֡
Ԩ޾Ц̫ި⻰
ˮҶ»У˾ǰ߮ȥ
޴ľβԭˮŵĽӿе䣬̫ިûдᣬˮٴγΣǰϮȥ
֮£һƬңʶҲ޷֪̽Ρ
һ঴ˮȺ͸˽ѪϷ䣬һѪꡣ
ʣڱˣӺӴܶȥ
̫ިذ׵ȹѾմѪֲ嵽˭ģ֮ϣԽµȻȥ


140 
ŽӵıӰ, µЩʱŽ˲У˱˵ʵ
͹һˮ, ɧ, ЧҵʥȻһ壿
֮, ΪﵽɽپĴ޼˵һȻ
ôʥ, ָô죿
Ķҡɢ֮, ѾתӴܡ
ڹСɽɽĶۿһĻԳ֣ɱͼܵ壬̬ûмȥ
ˮԺ, Я̫ިСɽ, ƺƴ
УԨ޾ı¶, 龳Ϣɽ
ĹڴҶ², ֻ嶼Уһֻ룬ѻص֮С
ֻ, һֻһֱڷ, ʼδ¶棬һָֻ幥ɽ̫ިж̩ӡ
̫ި, Ŀżɵ֮ɫ
һ塭
û壬˻Ƨ֮صģ޴ڴ֮ǰûڱһΪ𣬱ʼ¡
ڣһ壬ȴҳƱʵڿ
ˮ̫ިܣѹ徹޼Σվ⡣
ط򣬾̫ިֻлΪҲӣοлһͷԨ޾
Сɽһۣǳˡ
ʵؿһԼǿĨȥʶӡ̩ӣ̧ʾ⣬漴ȥ
˵ĺŽ·ڲϳ󷨵ڶȺ֣ͣڻȥ
ȿֺرۣŽǳ˵ʱ䲻һܼ࣬ʱصֻۣ
ǽֻЩΪ粻Ѱ
ʱ˲á
ڣˮ𽥳ȥ壬ʼվĳڴһڻסˣ
˱ˡԭڵ棬ڴڵشŴǽٺҡ
һֱڿ󷨵ˮʮֺֻ̯Щ鴤
ʲôȡi˱Ϣϴ
һ̨̣̤ѣ˱ҽ¥½ƿ¡ˮӯӯȵӣʱ֪Ϣ
סˣ
ҽ¥𣬴ʱţƻصСɽ϶ֳ˴Ц⣬Ǳסɽţסҡ
ŴУСɽҲֻ⵱ЧҴһ㣬˺ôȻҲҪۡ
һۣڶСɽ˹С
ЧҴͬСɽὫµӵʱ裬ҲصΪλһʱϲ񣬾Ͷ
ΪӾڴ˴Сɽ
ΪΣΣҪҪǣǶСɽӣ
߷۵ת򣬻ʧ֮У̫ިջĿ⣬ˮɢ
ڵ棬ȾѪȹΧСɽӵ£Хһ衣
̫ިУ䡣
ڽȥˮʮ߽⿪˻ɽΧķһֱע̫ިʱʦ㡪
̫ި֮ʱţһסСɽΪʦڡ
ֻԻΪֱɽٴǼ򵥵¡
̫ިǹС
ʵʱҲ㲻Ϻã֮ǰԽΪʿþľ㼰ʱµҩָҲĹȵĴʹ֮С
½ƿº¥ˣҽ޴󣬱һֱڴ˴ָӡ
һδηµҩϴСС˿ںˣֺã۵òӡ
ˣΣ֮ʱ˲ԼΣ̫ިΡ
̫ިû˵ɫ԰쳣
Ϊ̫ި޷̽Ρ
ͷע⵽Ͼ羡͸Ѫ֮ɫڰ𪼡ԵЩɲ
ʦ㣿һ͡
ԼĵùȻʦ񲻹񣬾˷֮ڶɽڵĴǰҲֵ˺á
̫ިˣάˮɢΪ廹δ뿪Ķ˱
һƣ¾뿪
޷̫ިѹºȥҶǰ;
Ϊ˰˽Ԩ޾Ҳ˲СĴۣ£ٶ֣̫ިԨ޾δֻĶ֡
ҲΪβСɽ׷۵ԭ
Ĺ˯Ҷն½һϣѾ뿪̫ިҲʱԳ
˭Ҳ֪Сɽɽ֮УǷвߡ
ʦ㣬ıǡ
ȫף̫ިضԣָ΢αѾʧԭأ뾡ָơ
еǣ𽻹ҪĵӾǰ
סȱڣʱԼˣҲҪסڵӣŷ
ҽǰȥоԨ޾Ҷ£ƲصĵɨսҪ̽ΧɻҴͬţҲҪڴ˵御ܻѺ
СѰЩѾսСɽʬס
ҽ޼ʱΣս֮Уⲻе
Сɽӷ屻ͻɽʱСɽһƬ¡
Ҵĵվ·ԣΧȴǰ鶼Ϊء
ǻЩսĵӲ죬ʱֻһݸм
ҩ®⣬½ƿڶһЩʬ֣عһ
õ˿ڣʱδȫЩˣء֮£¥Ϊ΢ɣҽ¥УٳδѡˮӯӯЩԼУ񱻹ɸӣʶȻѣȴ
Ԩ޾ƲᣬǿԨ޾һ壬ڶɽٴǰҲֲκκô
ΪιСɽһʼʵЩΪѣһֻԨ޾͵ֵСɽ֮һɽš
Ѱ仯ΪεķŽСɽҶһ֮£Ҷµθ࣬ϣҲǾһ飬鱾ǵޣΪҲ𵤳ڣһʱֻΪ
ֻܵ󣬿Ƿлָķ
ս֮󣬻Ҫã³Ƽصĵӣеߡδ˵Լƽĳ˺æýŲմء
սӵʬױһأ꽫ΰۡ
岻ͬʵɥ֮£ڱĵطܵյ޼ʱѾ㹻ѣǲں
ãǼΪСɽͲӦ΢ʹš
٣УСɽǵãЩΪ粢ߵĵӣǵס
¥أ¶ʮʾСɽСɽսˡ
ʱҶΪʿΪն½̫ط֣֮˽


141 
ս, СɽɽѾԻָȻҽ¥л˺ţʿǿȣֻʣһ, ֻҪμʱҲһ
ҽһ̶̼ھ˼󶯵
꾭Ӫ, ҽ, Ӻܼ˵й, λӺ, ڶҽ޵ĵһӦǲš
ʦô£
Сɽ, ӺνǾľûκδ, ҽ޶Խ̵ôԸȻΪı, ϰСɽӡ
һ, ̫ިҲԤϡ
Ǵò, еӱضѣԼҲǹӺõ塣
ڹӺǾ⻯, ˶ŵӰ, ֤ʲô
ǰ, ڶҽ޻Ȼ, һֱڹӺߵŮվ˳, ʱ̬ƽϢ
ҽ¥ڶ, ҪģǾ˵ͬš
ɽһսȻѡɽ, ˣҲѻģͼҽСɽߡرɭϣδ֣Ѻֻȴսá
Դˣ˵̬Ⱥһ£֮СɽΪؾδɽŵĵӣӦýͣСɽȱʯҲһġ
ֻǿͳƺʧ̲סеѪһսܣСɽȥ˲ֹǧʯóӯûˡ
Ҫǣһһܴջʲôʯ
ⳡսǽЩ岻ӣСɽҲ֮¾
˳˲׼ɱԵ⣬ľ͵ⲢζСɽǡ
һЩСɽɵˣΪʵ̯ÿֻ嶼ǷСɽһʾծ
·ģʲôʱʯʲôʱͿ뿪
У±ʣ鰸ǰ̧ͷһ
յľѾ꣬Ъһ鰸վ𣬳ԼЩӲ
Լʿ֮ǰ֪϶٣ҹҲ¶
š
˼һ٣񲢲ʲô¡
⿪ʼֱæŰŵƺͳƴսʧնûЪϡ
Ȼ״ÿʯĿɹۣͳһΪٵʯ⹤ǿʵЩס
׵ǣȻɵĸԸ
鸴ӵ߳̧ȥɽ֮Ѿָ֣ȻɽһսΪңСɽվˡ
ӶɫҴңȻսѾս󣬻ǧͷҪáαһлҪǰΪ˲ѾĵӣҲӦˡ
˵ʦŵӣЩˣ
ǽǶȥףݡ
ף¾ֱСɽ£ԸɽŻ֮ʮ꣬СɽҲ²ףݡ
ǡô˷˲壬ûһ֮ģͱȥֲˡ
Сɽӵ̾˿һǰֵʯݽˣֱڣСɽҲû̽ȥڿ׬ЩʯҲˡ
򱾾ͻߣǰϡüûУǲףôܶˡ
ڿֻڵƣ㲻ȥСɽ֤۷ֻҪѧˣٲʯ
֤Ҫϲʯͷ϶һԻۣ֪֮ǰСɽյӣҾӦñ
ںҲˣֻٵȶһԡθߴ̾˿˭뵽Сɽŵ꣬ѾҲܺȻ
֮ǰСɽ޷ڱ㣬ǶδΪµӵͷڡ
꽫ⷬв⣬ϾСɽԽԽãһ
СɽһΪ˻֮
ŲǰԶԶŵҩȻҲлٵĺ
֣ôը¯ˣͷЩ⡣
ûԼ˼¼𣿣ը¯ҩһŮӼһǵݣҧгݵҹȥҩ䣡
ʦ㣬Ҵˡ
һŮŵؿ꣺ʦ֣ҪڱܶмһζҶо綾黨
Զ˵ЧֻҪˣҵĿѾͲóˣ
ϻԼĵѹȥʦǵԺӣʾڣϻأҽ¥˰£Ϊ˻ծֻȥʦҩŮ
ؿʦãЩ㲻üǵô
ңһܳɹ
û˵꣬ԶȻ˸еҪը¯ˣܣ
һ˲䣬еѵص⳷룬̶̼Ϣһ죬ԭݵúµҩ®ʹһǡ
棬վԭأ˶ЩãûǴĻҩ®ⶼԿ˷󷨺ͷİɣը¯Ȼˣ
ؽʯԼתѡ۲Ϊ
ʯ·ϣɽۣɽȥܽСɽɽڵξ۵ס
û뵽̫ި
ʦ㣬̫ިһ񣬡ϵΣ
ȻΪߣûɵΪ̫ިɽٴ࿹Ҳܺ
޷̫ިصһȹǰɽᰡ
վһؿɽԲҶϹ·СɽæµţһƽͶ
ð
ֹʮУҲѰڶСɽһĵط
ֻСɽὫ伮Ĳ¥ţηеڴѧϰӸֹŹ˼Ĵ뷨
ҲãҲãﶼûзֱ
ǳΪʲôѡСɽԭ
زȥԼеĵطҲһЩһĺۼ
ĬƬ̣ٴοڣĽֻǽеŵϰ٣ʦҪ𣬲¡
̫ިԨ޾˵Ļ꾡ˡ
⻰˵ò
ǰ̫ި̤Ѫϵ֮λɱ¾ƭѣӰΡ֮λҲȡ֮һ¶κƣᱻȺ
֮СɽɽһսУ鱱ġ
ûж¡̫ިƽ
˭ҪμѣȻѡ񣬱㲻ɲ
Ц˵ʦⱱ򣬱㵱ʦ
ʱͬɣ
ϣܵһͳһ־棬٣ô̰˽ĶĹ
ʦд˺ԸԸΪʦʹ
ɽ۵ķ紵죬꿴̫ިŵ
һǸ׳־ˣ֪Լ츳ʶƽӹ£ģôúõأȥ
ʱ̲סһɺ֮
˶̫ިҲӰ꾹ɣ̫ިʧܡ
ֻСɽ;ĩ·̤ˮ֮ʱСɽ㲻˲ˡ


142 
, ڵ
ϣ͸һɲŭ֮УҰ׵ͷݸ, ǻεԨ޾
ˣоΣվһ, ֻ, ôƯȴ˾ü֮ס
Ȼָ, лԼػص
Ц, ֳСɵУӦ, ޾СɽҲ޷˳ȹΣ
˵, ΪԨ޾һյ裬˫ַǰ
Ԩ޾ٻ, ʱԳֲ, Ҳδ˵ʲô, ӹȲһڡ
Զϣɫ͸ɢӨâ, һս̫, ֻ
ĵҶµ, һöƷҩ, ҲֻƲٶ񻯣ȴûתļ
, , ƣԶǽ𵤳ڵӦԵġڼһΣ̽Ҷµ, һʱҲûа취
Ҷն½һԼģȻסҲΪ˷ˡ
飬ҲûָΪİ취
ϵ˶˶ָ⣬΢죬ʲôתͷȥֻҶ»˫ۡ
Ҷʦ֣ˣϲ
Ҷ¶˶˵ʲô
ިǴʦ֡
Ҷʦ֣ʦ㣿ʵ
Ҷ¼΢ص˵ͷ䲻֪ʲôiϵ̫ި
ֹ̫ިҶǸϢһһ֪ͨСɽ״ӡ
Ե̫ިͳɽ۸ϵʱѾˡ
ʦ㡣
̫ި𽡢½ƿ¡ѼһΪÿ
¥ҽ¥ţһʱ
Ҷϣʧȥ㲻Ⱦ˪ѩ֮ɫ˫δ磬
ҶǰѰңʲôҪ¡̫ި̧һ
Ҫ£ҶӦҲһҪ̫ިȷʵҲ֪ѰԼʲô¡
Ҷû˵ؿ̫ި͸Ѱһĺۼ
ٶõ˶ЩŹ֣ҶʦֺʹʦʶҲֹ˰ɣôֵúʶһ㣿
Ҳû˭ڴʱóȻѯʣڵ֮һƬȻãҶڿڣިһæ
ǰԡ̫ިûвҶ½յĹŹ֣δʼ
Ҷµ飬˵Ȼ˵ǲ룬Ǳ㲻˵
˵ԼҶ¿飺֮Уȡʦơ
޳ϨĻƣڡ
ȫȻʲôӦһ첽ȥ
ҶʦȡʦĻʲôʵ
ͬѹص֪
۵ĹѾյѾĻȡ
ǰգڲ¥ⷢʦƵŮţҶµͷĦŻƣЩͳ֪ʦ͵ŮԭиŮ
Ҷµʦ˭˶Сɽɽѣ޳Ҳʹ䡣
ڵŮ˭ڳ˱㲻Ƕˡ
ϸһɵ䣬ԵŮ֮ƵģΨٶǰλ
̫ơͻȻڡ
̤;Сɽ󣬿˲ٹĴʷǣ̫Ƶֲİ
̫ϣ˶̲ס̫ި
֮ʲôϵ
Ҷ¿̫ިٴοڣЩأŮΪȡިԸһľʢξžޣܵһƽá
֮ʱ˵Ŀⶼ̫ިϡ
ϵɺϵô
Сɽʦֺ̫һƵŮŮȻǴʦͬ
̫ϣ֮ʳ̫ϲǣ֣ҪòĸΪȡ֣ި
̫ިȻһ¥Ϊһԡ
ʱֻǲ֣¥ʲô⡣
ԭں˵˵
ǰ̫ިֻϽūʱ˸ĸ˫ȫҲ֮顣
Ϊԭ򱻸ĸ֮ˣֺˣһôãҲһˡ
ͽ̫ިҲԵ֮£ǿԼĸĸ˭Ϊʲôδ֮̽⡣
ڣҶ¾ڻɣ޳̫ƵŮ
һ˲̫ިҶ£糣侲ûǴƵŮٶǰѾ
̫ި񲻹֮ô룬Ҳ˵Ů
Ҳδزܣӳ˽֮ʱҶ¿Ŀд˼ֿ󡣡һԡ
ֻһ˿ܣҲһԡ
޳Ҷ¶ԣʦ縸ŮҶҲҪѰ
Ĭһ˲̫ިס
ԣĸѲҪҶ¶̫ި򵥵󶼾ܾ
׼Ҷȡм¼˼ղѰ֤֮
ֻʱȫʧ޷ʩչʶһ㣬վǰеҶʦ֣ɡ
նǺ޳̫һƵŮž޵ʦǵŮ
ڷ֣Ĳɻȥ
ʦ㵱ʱ޿ݫiθǰʦ㡣
ȥбɫʶɨ򣬲Ƭ̣Ѿġ
̫ިʦ㣬ȡһָѪ
̫ިָ̧֣΢΢ϣһ̺ѪҺ측ڿС
޳ĻҲ¸нӡڵֳ֮Ŀâ
֮УǵָѪƮƮƶȥϢ֮䣬ԭĻƾȻٴ
һĻ˶ĬԶԣȻġ
ʲô
仰˵ڳţ鲻֪ʱڶѲǰʵ
ҶڻعڰյĻƶݵϢٴϨ
ԼĻɾǶԵģިʦ͵ŮŮ
ҶȻϲ뱯ֽȻ෴ãʦ壬ިʦŮ
ʦŮŮ
һδף˵ʲô
ϨĻģΨиĸŮѪҶµЩ˻ơ
ͲϣĻѾ֤̫ި޳Ů
ȡǷż㣬ʱҲ˲ÿ̽ʦżϲһĿʮеؿȥԭء
ʦֺ͵ŮиŮ
ިǴʦֵŮ


143 
ԭ, ãһԼ̫ި, ૵ި
ʦֺ͵ŮŮ֪, ֪ˡ
鲻ɿЦ, СɽɽѣԼڿռ϶֮, Ҷ±ѹڴĿڣ֮, ֪, Щʲô
Ȼ𣬵Сɽʵس֮ʱ, ̫ިڤܳǱ֮ࡣԭ޹֮, ;üΪƽ˳, ȴ, ΪԽ档
Ϲ˶ʮ꣬иʿ, ֪, ǹü, ôڤ, Ǿ˼꣬ô˹, 赭顣
ȥʮ, Ǿʲô
£˻װ
ԭû, ǴʦֵŮСɽӦģ
񶯵һ̣ٶǰļͻȻǰ
ԣǳԶҲټجΣôӲȥ뵱һУڣЩƬȴܿƵӿ֡
ڷӵļ£꾹ɢ֮ơ
̫ި΢΢üʱתȶꡣ
ϾǺϵܣ̶̼Ϣ֮䣬ǱԻָ
̧ͷ̫ިϡ˵޳̫Ƶķɡ
ǰ
ǰ黹Сɽ׵ĵӣԵʣ֮ѷʱ뼸λʦʦ㱻ɽ֮С
һգۼСɽӵĻһյһյȥ
Щǰȥ֮ϵСɽϵӣΪںϵϣһλ¶һܣȴڶ̶֮ڣ䡣
֮ϣʲô
ʱ鲢Σ޳ҲϾϸ˵
޳ԡѪ飬طСɽʵеĽơɽ񷣬ſ˱˺ѵ϶ڴ˽֮ĻϢй¶Ļƺ׹
϶ⷽ޷̡
ڶСɽӺ֪ĺϵʿǰͺ̣˺ѵȥ
Ѫ䣬Ⱦۡ
СɽɽϹһ߱¾ħ֮Ľƣ޳СɽΪڲ˱˺ѵ񷡣
һ̣鿴̫ƣס˱޳˵ĵһƳУ𽥻Ϊޡ
Ѿ˵ľһռЩƵ꣬ǲɢ
Сɽʱɽű˿ռ϶֮УӴ伣̫ިݫiеöҲؼյĻᡣ
ƵŮûз૵ЩҵļԺкֱײǼѲܽĻ澡塣ʹʦ֣Ѿ֮С
仰ڣڵ֮˶ɫô᣿
粻Ƕ˵ƵŮѷôǳԾ
ȷˣڲ֮ʱѡ¡ֳɫ
̫ԭ뿪˷磬ȴѡ£Ѷ޳ټ˽ܣѡ
û뵽ʱ򣬵ŮʹʦѾŮҡҡͷɬ
귢£ѾԲ³š
δü̫ި̫ƱѾ䣬񲻹ʮһԵʡ
ĸףΪģԽס䣬£һգ
¹մѩ׷ɣϪһ֮УСŮӤڸ˲ѩҶϣţ
֪˶ãյɴ˴ŵÿŴ멵ɡ
ŮӤϣūһ𳤴ݫiһū
ٺ̫ި˾ڣ£˾ʵĴʦ㡣
鿴̫ިЩʣި㣬ֻΪ²ʦֺ͵Ůѡ񡣡
ۿЩ죬ͷ˲۽ǣЩ˼
֮£е̫ިδЩ̫ƽ
̫ި治ʮһ꣬һӦǡ
ʱҲ⸴ӡ
̫ިԼҲ˵ԼδԼδıĸĸʲô˵˲õ
ʦ㡭ߵԣ˾䣬Ǻεĵġ
һԣѣ½ƿ£ͳ̲꣬סͶеĿ⡣
̫ިع񣬿ڵ޷
֪Լĸĸ˭ѾڣԼҲ¡
ԼǰŮ˺ܾòſڣިܡһʦ塭
û֮ѣ򳤴󣬵ʱӦҲСɽסһʱգԼһʦ塣
һûзǸöð
ĿдżԵΣΣԼû޳չ̫ި
ʦ塣̫ިĬƬ̣ڻǻӦ
룬ʵڲظеΣ̫ިΪԼһΡһʦù̫࣬ިϧ
û飬׽ڤ
ĳƺ鲻ɺЦллި
Ǵʦڣ㣬֪öˡ
ûиĸӣҲúõس󣬳ʦֺ͵Ůӡ
֮ʱŮΪȡިϣƽжߵΪ磬ʲô˲õĴ¡
¸ĸǴġ
Ҫķ꣬ިŻ㣿
ûȥȡöΪСɽŵĹǽ䣺͸㡣
£̣СɽнգͶ㣬УҺܷġ
һս뷨ֻĹȣ뿪ʱޣʱûѰᡣ
ڴˣǡǸᡣ
뽫Źǽ佻̫ިΪ޳Ů̫ި
Ȼһ鲼·СɽԴܻɼ֡
ţ̫ިСɽһ·
̫ިԸСɽʦ޳£鿴̫ިݵ
޳
ס
̫ި֣ȻĪ״ĸо
ĸװ
аţ˶̫ިȴһ˿˼
һΣ̫ިڳĬ֮ڽӹйǽ䡣
ʵͽСɽΣֺαԥ
Сɽ˳Ĵʦˣ̾
Ҳһʦǲܰҷֵ񣿡
ѱŵվһԣϼѵֳһЦ⣬Ҳ˴ǣʦ㻹ʦ㡣
һ̣̫ި½ƿҵȼʦ㣡


144 
ӽɫķγһ, ·ˮУһֻөˮĸУڲ˿
, ҶѾΪȥ
εˮӯӯվ⣬ĬؿԼá
өˮĸ̧ͷ, , ˮʮͬһ㣬ػʮ㡣
ˮӯӯûлӦ, Ĭǰ, 鲻Ѱɡ
ˮʮƻ, ɽҲǵȱڣΪסɽ, Сɽڶࡣ
սѾ, ˮʮҲҪΪԼ¸ۡ
Ϊ˸ЩսСɽһ, ˮʮű
һ档ˮӯӯڿ, ɬպСɽżλ, ɽ, ˷ڴսбɽ, ¾ס
ˮʮ, ãµá
Ե, ˮʮŴӳúˮӯӯ, ö˵Ĺϵͬˮʮ߻Ҫ׽ࡣ
Ļˮʮź񲢲, Ҳδʲôη塣
ʮţʱҺʮ߶Ҫ࣬ûбСɽһˮӯӯ̲סĲˮʮΪʲôҪ
̫ȤˡˮʮŴĻ
ˮʮǱе󷨣ˮӯӯԵĽԣ̫ף׵ЩȤ
ԭܼ򵥣ֻǾȤ
ϵϣҪ˹Ӻ
ӵһμˮʮžڹӺϲͬϢȻһˣһǲͬࡣ
˵һ仰һһԴղ
Сɽ꣬ˮʮӺཻ̫̽ʱˮʮδԥӦˡ
ˮӯӯ֣㵽һ̣Լǲʲô
ԶҲᶮˮӯӯȻЩѹʲôҲû˵
ѹڷɽȡһ̳ƣϲ𡣡
ƷƣζʴҲ棬ֻһ̳ҪϼǧʯˮӯӯҲǵɽʹͣʯһС̳
ʮšˮӯӯһĬá
ʵڲ֪Լ˵ʲôֻ֮˵֣ټ
־ס̳ҿƷ⣬һɢڿС
ˮʮ̧ͷˮӯӯıӰƽʮ㣬úûȥ
ڱԣúûȥõף
ˮӯӯûлͷ͵üɼһġ
һúûȥ㲻ˣҲġ
ڡ
ɽֹѩӦž̳ϥϣһɽʯϣĿֻѩɫ
Ѷ⣬΢΢üһС
ϻͬѶȻ࣬ҲѼһأյѵá
ɵĹŽӦУ֮һ˲Ҷ֮ĴѶʽӡڴĿڣҲûм
˴ĿڣҶµħңϳֻʶŹǽ䣬̫ިȥ˱
˺ӦǱ㲻˵Ϣ
ֱȴɽŻ֪ҶµһЩ֪ںתӦǱ
߶Ž㾡ûӦʶ
ӦԭΪĲͬ⴫ѶҶдΪϾҶѾΪʧû˿
Ӧǵ۽޲һ˲Σţһ¡
һΣδСɽͬýסСɽǻϲġ
ڴѶ˵СɽһսȻңǻסԼɽš
˷⴫ѶֻΪ֪Сɽ
̫ڵӣ̫ި޳ŮӦý¸֪ڡ
ӦǵĶסˣʦ㡭
̫֮ڣ޳֮Сɽǰ㣬꣬ӦǵĵҲָ̫㡣
ʦиŮ
ʦ־ȻиŮ
Ӧǵĺһ˲սдѶŽƿնɽʯһ㣬ڷѩȥ
֮ڣ޴ˮڿչţ˫Ŀг֮ɫ𲻶βɨľһʱضɽ̳
ţάסһҪΪɷء
֮ɫҪռ˫ĿԼһɼǵ˿ڡ
Ѫ䣬˻һѹסɷ
ˮ⣬ӿһĻɳ̾һ
С౾ɷӡƳɷ壬ܱǲףħþɳּѡ
ɫȶδ̡̫
ʦ֡Ӧž̳Уһˮûж˵ʲô
࣬ӦǺ಻ԼƿħþȾ뿪
ڲ࣬񲻹ˣ˭ȭͷ˭ģôһѹǴ
ʦֺڣֻһˣӦЩ֣ûǴĻʦһڴ˴
Ѱʦָʲô
Ӧ̳̾Һ¡
£ӿӦǣЩʣÿճǺȾƣվѰϴʦ֡
ӦһСɽţ˵ѰʦŮ
˵ʲôӺʹ̤
ʦ㻹иŮӼԼǲˣʦʱŮƭǰɣ
ӦǵСɽϢʦСɽʦиŮ
СɽЦæ˭ںδ
СɽСӦǻˣλʦҲ
̫ި
ʦСɽʦֵŮ
պСɽɽŶ
ʮ߾߱׾ڴ˴ĹϿգÿ֮ʱ˶ڵڴ˼ݡ
ֶһߴֱ기֮ѵģСɽҲ֪յĴܣֱֻ
޳Ĺ϶̫Ƶ֣̫ިֿµ֡
ɽ֮սСɽҲ˴ǧСɽȺǰһĹкȻһִǰδζĸ֮顣
ڱΪ粻Ǹڴ£ܻ쵽㹻ԴҲζţҪΪ֮
񱻷Сɽһ㣬ЩΪ΢С³ں
СɽΪΣֻҪΪػСɽ䣬ʸ˴ڣ
ӵУ̫ިһ״ӻԶǰ
̧֣ǰڶĹһ
һʱ󣬲ضԣڶСɽӱһ㣬ڵµͬһ𽥱õͳ¡
Ҳһգ鵱Сɽеӵ棬Ϊ̫ިŹǽ䡣
Խ̫ިСɽš
ڳУû˶Դ顣ɽ֮ʣ̤ˮ˽ʵȫʸΪСɽš
СɽµһʮĴ飬š
ڶĿУ̧֣Ե̫ިһݡ
СɽµһʮҶ£ţҶµɫЩ԰ףȴɴºЦ⡣
£ҲȺ̫ިݼ϶Ц⡣
ڶСɽҲ빪񣬿ҵȼţ
þòɢ


145 
߻һƬް, ֮ʱҶһ£ɽ߹
ȻΪʧ, Ҳ޻ָ֮ҶȴеδйƽɫҲǰ
Դ뿪Ŀڣ, ʱʱΪħƲý, մȾѪ, ޷ϴѵ
ЩΪҶҲ޷Ρ
ֱСɽ㸲֮ʱԼĽ, סСɽ, סе
Ϊ˳Ϊ, ҶҲ˿ڡ
һΣûйʦҲûйԼ
ħڵƽϢ, Ҷ룬, õĽ֡
λδʼ, ¥֮ѾвСɽ, ע⵽Ҷ£ڵӷ׷̧Ҷʦ֡
СɽµĶǵһʮӣӦҶһʦ̫֡ިѾţͬʱҲ޳ӣţСɽӸϲһʦ㡣
ҶЩ΢΢ףǰȥ
Ѿ, Ҷ»ûи˴ǰϰߣÿն᳿ǰɽۡ
ʯɽϣʧΪˣ·δЩ̫һ룬ҶϾѾ˱̬ƽһϤʯϡ
ɽֶķż⣬Ҷ¸ֶԶȥɫ
ҹɫʧ֮ʱһӹһ˲ֱӦǰŷӦ
ǡҶ૵
֪ǰѾȥţȴ졣
ǰŮһ£òڣһʷ絶Щֱӡ
Ӧ峤ϣɽѩʮʽƱ䣬ͬУʿܽһ
Ҷ½ԭأ뿪Ŀڣ󣬵һ֮ʱټӦǡ
Ҷ֡Ӧǿã΢΢𴽽ǡ
̣ǰ֣Ȼ˷ǣܵټõĽ
֪СɽΪ£ϵЦҶƬʧ񣬻һŻָ糣⡣
һʦŮӦǿڵҶʦշ½ˣŮҵȻܲŲʡ
Ϊ˴˷ɽĻᣬʣļλΪִһܡ
ֵߵûв룬Ӧǲܵᡣ
Ϊʲôֻһ뿪ԭҲܼ򵥣ڵĻɽҪ
ôӦֻһ뿪ѩɽ
ⷬҶ²üΪҪ˽䱸Сģ
ѹڴĿڣ꣬ȥ˱ѵѣ˽ơ
Ӧָ⶯˶֪ΪΣȾˡ
̫뿪ĸչѰͻƣλֶҲ̫ϻһλ̫Ϸǫi
̫Ϸǫiڻں̫ϻԭ͵Ĺϵٴζ񻯣ȵ˲òСķ
֪λѾ䣬һʱѡ
־̫ϷǫiλԼĶӣȻλڵȴûб䡣
̫ϻ嵱λԭǺɫ˵飬Ӧǵһ̫ިʱɹŮ
̲סɽȡָ̳Ħž̳ӦЩʧ񣺡ΪʦȻû뵽
ü䰧ɫҶҲһʹԴǣʱҲ֪ΰο
ֻɰͰ͵˵һ䣺Ҽǵǰþơ
ȥҶ¼Ůȥ󣬾ֹ֮価Բ
ôȥҪġӦĵػش
˵ŻѾСɽɽǰѾ¥֮Ⱥӿ¶ʱһƬϡ
СɽܺáӦпһ䣬Ŀдżֻ֮ɫ
Ҷ㾰ºͣިûСɽҲнա
̫ިӦ૵ʦʦΪ׷ѰԵĵ;ѡ룬Ƕ֪ǾиŮ
֪μѣڶὫһء
ͣ⣬Ӧǹ㲻ǰ
ôˣҶ»ͷ
޷ӦЦЦ̧̤ڡ
ʱ֮Уҧгݵض̫ިʦ㣬һѾըʮ¥ȵ޻ף¸һҪǵʯɽŵʯҲǴģ
ôŭһԭһը꼰ĳ
ϷӲŻŽȥųȻû̫صˣϷȴóףЩ.
ǹ˽𣡡Ȼ˭ôɣʵ·ըǳô
ô˵ҵĴˣӣú÷˵˵
һ̣˱̫ިǰŤһš
зִû꾳ޣˣСɽܾ͵Լϡ
ʿеƤһ㣬˴ȭӣڵϹ˲֪Ȧ
һĻ̫ި鵭ָ˵͸ʮΣζ
ֵͦġӦ̤УһĻ̲סü
ѾڵŤһŵֿվĻҳָһģǰҪСɽ״ӵȡ
𲢲֪Ϊʱ֣ӹһʦĶ
ӦǵĿ̫ިϣ۽޲һ˲ڣިá
̫ި֪˭Ͼˮ֮мһ棬ʱ֮һϵ
̫Ӧǵʦ㣬Ҳ̫ިĸ̫ިӦӦһʦ塣
޹˵ȣ̫ިӦǺҶڵ֮С
ָ΢ϵĲ˳Ƹ𣬵յȲ衣
뵣ڶϣӦǵĽǶȿȥ̫ި̫ʵںЩ㱡
Ƭ̺ŻعУǴǰ
֮ǰ꣬Ƕ֪Ĵڣδչ˹㣬ʵڱǸ
̫ިĿ⣬ƽⲢǵĴ
ԲصǸ
̫ިӲãӦҪӻ
Ӧǲϲ˴ˣ̫ި̬ȣҲûж˵ʲôתһΪһ˵Ϣ
̫ިһ٣Ѿµ˵˭
ӦǺЦСǳСһ򲻴ȴܵġ
˵Ҷ̲ס廰ǣ˵ʲô
ӦЩ֣㲻֪
̫ިʱԼȷ˸ҶµԼͬĹϵ


146 
յӦһ, Ҷʱ֪֪ʲôʱ̫ިѾ˸һĹϵ
ǳԼҵİײ˱˵, ɢŵѹǣ˵ި
ӦǵͷӦ֮ǰˡ
ȻǴȿе֪, Ӵ޾ϸǶʱյľ, ӦǱҲʮ
Ҷ¿̫ި, ֤һި
̫ިʲô˵ĵطƽҴӦˡ
Ļϲ
Ļϲ̫ިȻ
Ҷ±Ȼˣިϲ, ԵľͶҪˡڵ֪̫ިԼʦŮ, ֻϣһ⡣
, Ҷ»ЩСӵĶǿ죬ԼֻǷ̶ֿ̼, ϵͻͽˡ
̽һ˵Ĺϵչ˺ֵزֵ̫ިԼ̫ࡣ
Ҷһֹ, Ӧ̲ס˹, ѵüˡ
Сħþ, Ҳ֪Σͻʵڲףδ롣Ӧ̫ިͣʦֵ͵͵ȳʦֿ̫ϣҲûа취
ӳΣʧܸ, ÿαȷ֣ñؽҵʮ¡
Ϊάʦ󣬺仰ӦǱû˵ˡ
һڲ裬ȡɽ䣺ʦŮʦʦδǰȴҽת㡣
㲻ҪܾӦǿ̫ިѰѼɫʦշ࣬ҲһرĻɡ
̫ިĬˣȻ޳Сɽûɽ̫Ƴھ֮ǧ֮⡣
ӹɽ䣬ʶһɨܿضڶֵƵֻóһǳһꡣ
Сɽɽ֮٣֮£Ļ۱üã֮ٶϡ٣ɳ޼
λҷνǺɽеɵֵһŵĵ̡
̫ި£Ӧ˿򵥵¶ãȥһᱻġ
һڽֵɽлЩɢǶʦŽȥģ˵ʲôС⼸ļ֮иˣˡ
ҶŹֵֹģôڼŮ
̫ިôЩӵ磬˾񶯵ȤģЩĶ
һöĺѾĥļ
Сʮ껻µĵһʱʦּʼֻܿǵСΪһ¯ҩЩѵСһ
һ۵СޣڶΧۣ˲׵һٸա
̫ިһƬۣʲô
СǰԼһƬۣΪԼҪͺˣһռΪÿļƬָǣһƬ˵Ҫ͸Լδµģû뵽ʦİˡӦЩ⡣
Ȥùϵ糵ӦǴʦΪССɽϷѩңӳ˲ٽƣֻҪ߶ԪӤʿҲܶԸ
ƿǶʱ֮Ѻ󲻾ãĳ֣ҳڱеӦǵ˿æµ顣
һۣ΢С֮Уο塣ǶҪϿȣҲΪߣӡ
壬ԻΣʱѧ
ССĺӻûȵĽߣŷѩǰɽʱ̲סĻ᲻һСľͱѩˡ
ӦǿУ̫ިһ࣬ɽϵЩ꣬Լλʦչ£ǵس
ΪǣŻйµķ˪Ż̫ިʶõࡣ
̫ި֪߲֪ʲôʱǳЦ⣬Ҷ¼ˣɫº֮ͣһͨĶʵǼ˵¡
ĿֿӦǣڶ̶̼˲ջĿ⡣
ҹ̫ިڴ֮ϣĿת
ʶ֪ʱС
ڰУһţ.Լ˿ڣЩҡ
ϵ˿ڣһЩǱħþˣһЩΪ˲ɷأԼ֡
ڻþ࣬Ҳ뾡뿪ȥ̫ިֻ룬뿪
̫ިǰЩ⣬ǡ
ʱ񿴼ίި
̫ިǰǾģξ֮УͲô˼ɡ
ިҲ֪룬Ҳһм̫ި
زţβҡţ͸¶顣
ȻУȴʵ̫ިһ˲ʧ
͵£̧ǡ
βΪĶҡøӻ죬ôߵزøһػԼ䱦Ķ
ިҺ㡭
̫ިջ֣֪
εκʵգգۣ㡭ң
С
Ǹΰ಻Σ̫ިǰȥ
ϴһȴУ̫ިһ漴־úЦĵӣԼҲֻˡ
̫ި̧ͷ꣬Ŀ£಻ɺԼױǲ̫Ӧˡ
ʿӦĹԳּĲǡ
Ҳ㡣̫ި࣬뿪þˡ
ڣħþУߵĺȻ˫ۣި
ԣިڵһҪ뿪þ
޴ĺ


147 
Сɽ, ҹɫŨ̫ި, ̧ܿԴ©¹⡣
һΡ
ָԼ, ȵĴкСĶɫ
ɵ
, ǡϲ
ֻⳡξƺЩ, ̫ި˼ڴϵ˵㡣
ھ, ѰѾָҹת붨ԣ붨֮ʱξ
һΣȴ붨нξ
̫ި֪, ǲΣΡ
ȡеöƬΪ൱ʱų, ƬӲȫȻ޷, ŵ⡣
̫ިȻ֮л˷, Ϊã
öƬ, Ҳý顣
Ȼ˻ɣǽƬ, δ
࡭
֪һջټ˼Ҳ޷Ϊơ
ţ̫ިͥ, ɫܣΪһʹΡ
̹Ļ֮ϣ̧ͷȥһӰڸ¥ϣž̳Ӱá
ƺע⵽̫ިߣӦǵͷɫãҪһ
̫ިþƣǰڤܶʱҪʱں⣬Ծǲ
ΪһʱûоܾӦǵ룬Ȼɵ¥ûзκζ졣
Ӧȡһ̳ƣ̫ި
ֽס̳̫ިԣҿƷ⣬һڡ
Һһ֮⣬̫ިϸ𵭵ɫԭȻ˼
û˵ҹ紵һо׶Ȼ
Щ꣬ú𣿡֪˶ãӦڿڡ
û뵽ôʣ̫ި˶ٲŵѾȥˡ
˵ӦҲûǿֻ󣬳Сɽڡ
ǵʵȻԶԶȲʦ㣬Ҳ۸ȥ
̫ިЩϰߣĬһ˲ڵ֪
Ӧ֣תͷŮ̲ס̧ͷ
̫ިνԭأԭ㣬ӦǶɽʿûܱܿҲӦ֮¡
ӼƺҲû˶
ӦǼӲģ˹ǣջ֣Щ֪Ĵھͺˡ
ϧû
ӦǺ˿ھƣһ£費Ҫȥֻ
ɱɽڵĴУɱһ򵥣Ӧǵȷʸ˵
֮УӦǿɳƶɽ֮ڵһˡ
ˣʵϷĴӦ١̫ިصСɽǽظ˴ѡ
ѾΪϡǱ֮ϡޣСɽףݣתҲɽΧ
֮£죬ڵ֪˵Ϣ󣬱ǿĴӦıιϷء
ҪһǱͳ
ǷСɽѪծһȡ̫ިԶ΢䡣
ĳ𣬸ϲԼ
仰Ӧǲ̾һЩطʵںʦ񡣡
ô̫ިʡ
ӦǶĿ⣬Цܺãٺò
ž̳̫ިһײӦǴڴڵҾƣ̬ѡ
Ӧ֪ʦ̫ϻɣƬֵ֮
̫ިס
ӦǼҪǵã㹻ʵԱǰҪ̫һ֪ʦʦֵŮ
̫ިؿΪʲôҪ˵˵
գʦ뿪̳̫һλģضӦ
˶Ϊˣλ㱻̫Ϸǫiǵʱ̫һУʦ֮⣬֮ˡ
˵üҵ۱´λ̫Ϸǫiʱи
Ҫʦ¡
̫Ƶĸױ˳ΪҵֻۣһŮ̫ϷǫiҵһԵԶ
ԣ̫һĵӦû̫ިһùá
̫Ϸǫiиܵܣһ飬խǼǳ𡣵ʦֳ뾩ӣһֱġ
ʦ֮ʣֳ̫ϷǫiҲȲϣʲôֶΣʳ
ֱҶΪ¡
˵Ӧս˾̳дɭȻ⡣
ٶ˵̫ިȻµҶɥʧǣһ޹յģ̫Ϸǫiĵܵܡ
ܵܣ̫ϷǫiˡӦֻǣһ漰ܵܵ£˲ǷǺڰס
ʶԼĵܵʲô̫Ϸǫiƺ󣬽һ֤ݻٵøɸɾ
ΪҶһ޳ִʮ̫һ峤ϣַϵ̫Ϸǫiĵܵܡ
ˣ̫һ岻ɨأҵ۲ŻֱסһϾ޳û֤ݣУҵ۲Խ̫Ϸǫiõĵܵܡ
̫Ϸǫi񾳽磬Ψʦ֮һսӦǱ֪ݣǼ鷳¡
̫ϷǫiĵܵܣѰٵ鵤ȻûΪȴúûš
֮ѣӦΪ㹻ʱѾֽˡ
ΪڣԼƢ
á̫ިػһ֡Ⱦ㹻֮ʱһȥһ̽
ҼСɽţûеĵ
仰ӦЦިҹȻϲ㡣
̫ިҪģ硣
Ϊ̫һ֮£ҶʧΪСɽĸ߽ʿֻʣһˣֻʣ꣬뾡ͻƣ
ڴٴαչء
ӦСɽ˽£̫ިϣָڶСɽһ
˵ףӦһҲɳһʦָ㣬Сɽӵˮƽͻͽѵȵ޵Ҳ
ʱţ뿪֮ǰӦȥ𽡣
˵ިǰʦ㡣żĵͬһô
֪ݣʱѾµ⣬ʧһɲǰ롣
˵ʱ䲻㳤סӦӭҶ¡
Ҫˣ
ӦǵͷɽãҲûȥˡ
Ҷ˵Ļֻܵɡ
Ӧûоܾ˲Сɽɽȥ
кδ㣿
Լȥһ⡣Ӧǹ𴽽ǣЦȴ۵ס
Ҷü㡭
Ӧļͷصģзִ硣
˵գҶʣѾ𣬵⻮գգۼ֮
ҶûΪȻҲ׷ȥֻ̾һ
ˣڵľ磬ӦҲûмȥұ˵鷳ҡ
Ҷ²µһ㲻ӦǴȥ鷳
¥Ул촷ۣɢڷУվ꼸ҪŲסЦˡ
öصĲǾܣҲͻˣλܵʵ˺£ֻԼһСģͻúöһ³
Ӧ̫ިȥʮ⣬˲⡣
ިϲԼ𣬵ҲԼȥЩϢ
û߹̫ިλʦǻ̡


148 
ӦǴ¥, ǹھͽݵϢ
δҲ֪ˣ̫ިи, ݡ
, Ͻū, Ĵʦ㣬֮նɱˮ֮, Ϊ£ûʮɽ֪١
ӦָһԵĵֱȥ, ¥̲סһ, Ĩ˰ѶͷȻֵĺ, нٺ֮С
ԼôҲǽʿŮǰȻҲҳ治֪ǺεΪ
뿪¥, ӦǾֱȥ
Զɽپʵʱ䣬㹻Ϫ
̲꣬ɪ, ҶѾɫ, 
ӦվںϣԶ, ΢
񷤵򰶱߿˹ЦɳҪȥڣҵ񷤣ȥ, ֻ߿Ʒʯɡ
ں񷤣ǾԦʹ˾ڵ⣬з֮Ҫ񷤣Ҫϼöʯ
Ӧǿߡ
ǰտҾƽ̵ٳھ磬Ǻηʿȥһˮơ
ȥѰ䭡
ӦɵϣڵС
Цתˮ󾵻ȥ
ǰЩʱϪСңȺΪźٵġһ߶ˮһֵ
ϼֵ⣬ԴΪŵͻƶ󣬾ڱ֧ţƸ䭵ʣгһͻƶɽ٣Ϊһ㣬ˮԾҲǰ
ɳӦ֪ҾƽǶܣ磬նУΪԵʣʿҾֻܵۡ
Ӧǹ˹ǣƽ̵ĵӣǼҫ¡
߲δз̣ͷȻܵӣǶġ
Ӧû˵Ҳû⣬ԹԵžڸɳǵһǵҪȥһҾͬ澰Ųһ⡣
˵䣬ԽԽ̧ͷһƬ֡
ɳ븰磬ǵѰӵǼһ˵ܵһϯλߺѡ
Ҳ硣Ӧǵ
ԵЩ⣬Ϊ磬Ϊʲô
ѰˡӦǲػش𣬡ʦŮڴ
ԭ˰ڵĵ̵ȷѰܱȵġЦһȻΪӦѰʦŮ֪ɳλ£
Ѿ˰Ӧ㣬ɫڷһȣûлͷֻӳһʯƽ˵Ǿƽͽ
߽סʯȻЩʯԶԶ˶ɴĴʡ
ӦǵĻĿڴʯƿǵԶȥıӰƽͽǰѾô
ͷܶྵڵͣΪ׼˷ϪҶˣܵǶ˾ڵ
ȻˣΪ䭺٣Ϊ䭷ų˻ռ¡
±״ӣ̫ިͬϵʵݫi誣ǰˮΪʣ±ֻʣ̰ԽδЩ塣
ԼԵʣ֮գռӡ
һһ꣬鲻ˬشֵȺ
ǰθߴ࣬ΪҲڡ
ֶΣʿòҲ͵ӳɳ˥ϣֻûΪķˣ̻ࡣ
̫ިڽ֮ӵмǧصͣʼնŮò࣬䣬òҲб仯
ʦˣʦҲˣҲ֪ΣŵҪµӡ߿űߵһʯӣޡ
Щ꣬ݺһСʦ֣ٽдʦˣϻرĸˮˣǿǰݺݴһ١
Ӧýͽݡ
ˮǰפڣڣڵʵңˮļʹء
֮ǰڶྵڵӵ棬Ƕٶ߳ŭҪ໰
ˮ˺󣬾ڵӴߣֵֻܻ벻
壬ʦ㣬ƺعˣ߷ߵ
˵ʲô˵Ļת⣺ʦ֣ƽͽҪҪμӱô
ʲڵ̫ިָҲ˳ûһ֮
ƽ̵ʲôãʦʦ㣬񶼲֪ˮ󡭡
æס죬עûˮʦ֣Сĸǽж
ָժˮĲǣǱ֣ԼҼ֮ӣҲδȫˡ
ˮԽ޼ɵڶǸŭԡ
Ҳ֪ԼʧˣͣסͷɫȻǶΣԼĵӶûܻס
ʼռǵ̫ިԼָͶ飬̫ި뿪ҲֻżȥɨǵԺ䡣
˵ʲôʱλʦ㻹
ͬһʱ䣬ھΧĽӼӦһ񣺡ѡ
ĿӦǣֵ֪ΪΣԺδ
ǲ֪Ӧ䵭
⻰ýüʲô˼
һƢƽ̵磬ˣҾԲɣ
˵òӦǿҽգѰġ


149 
ǿҪռ, 䭵̨˴ڶٵʿ
ʱ, ϯпһһ롣
ʱ, ԼĸѾϯ, òȥ˸к
ԸֽѵӼ䣬ͷ, ܵӦǣԸһ𣬵ȴǴӵĺʱ, ֻܻϽߣԼķ
ûԥ, Ͻڵӵϯλ
ʱһͭ, ʱΪƽˮʹһԵ̨߳
ˮ󰲲ھڵļʹ̫ި, ˣǵ֮ɣͥһͬǰϪӷ
Ϊɣ̫ͥިУӷûץˣصˮ, һż˵Ҫһλʹ, ӧˡ
ǰϯڶʿ׷, еţʹ
Ȼӷ񲻹ԪӤΪˮ, ֻǸԪӤʿҲҪ
ӷϯλԣǰˮˣǾڳϣҲֻ
ڲݣˮʿǱҪ߹󼸷֡
ϯĵӻʾ⣬ϵﶼ
ҪڳһȴȻ£ֱ̨
һ̣ɫ΢䣬̨ģ˫
ײȥѪӿֱ˺ɲסΡ
֪ǺηܣǰΪ¡̧ͷʵ
Ե⿪·Ȼġ
̨ѻȸͶȥĿ⣬ֻһɫӰԲԶһʱ䣬˵ĿⶼӦϡ
˭
ڶʿжʣӦϢ˿̽侳Ρ
ͷһŮȻ߲ƣ֪ʲôĵھˣ
Ӧŵ䭣⣺Ӧǡ
Ѱ𡣡
Ӧǣ
ͬըһ̨ϣһƬңϯ֮ˣֵĲ
ѵǡ
ѩӦǡ
һٶǰɽѩʮʽԴ˵ɽپѿɳƵɽٵһˣ
ѵӦǣ
ǣѰʲôźʱڣ
䭵ɫЩа˷ְգվԼǰŮӣǴ˵еˣľ磬Լ֮ϡ
ӦǰҾк˿̧һ񣬹ʵ
ӦǵΪӦһǰġ
㡣Ӧ𵶣ڵĵȫ׸Σ͸һ⡣
ԭأʲô˼
ӦǲΪһʦиŮǰͬŻ졣
ҪлϪϣΪūһдżּҲŲͽϤĽ̻塪
󼸸֣쳣ء
ⷬںΧ
ŵͽ˵ģǸѾûʮɽݣ
ɱˮӵݣ
ȻڵӵŮ
ū⣿ŵͽôһū
˵ݱǱݼصĹŮΪūԼģŻᱻΪӡ
ˣڸøмݼҲǣֺѰһ˵ΣûݼңҲһʦţҲֲþڣ˭ɱˡ
ͫ΢΢ŴӲ̫ިϻ׳ڡ
ϯеݫi鲻ʲô仯ԽϲŭɫƲ롣
۾նУӦǹ𴽽Ƕ䭵ţ֮ԣӦúлл㡣
۵ȴЦ⡣
ЩǱû˱ݼҺԼʲôһݵ֮£ȫΪһ֮
ӦǴĻǫˣݼλҲǲСʦŮֺڤ֮࣡
⻰ô˵ڳ֪ʿ˶䡣
ӦǵĿݫiϣͬһΪ̿ˣڤ㽫ʦŮڣҹܺ࣬˵;Ϊн
˶֪ڤʲôʿԣ˵;ҪλݼȻصģҲ˲˵ʲô
ӦǶݫiһһδԼ˵˵⺮УΪ⺮常£Դ˶мˡ
֮䣬˼ģʵ
̨һƬȻӦⷬĿⲻԼͬͶݫi£δЩ
Ϫڼʫ鴫ңǸ߽࣬ݼȴ£̡
͵͵䭣£ſ֪飿
ˣʦŮ㲻ˣӦǱʵں½أӦΪūΪ澣ȥ;Ҫж£
ɽپѹк£ڳʿ
̫ިƬ̫µ໤ݫiߣҲ¡
޹֮ʣҪΪҲǲܡ
̫ި˾ʵĴʦ㣬ҪΪΪ֮ж£ڤ϶
ôˣ
Ӧǰ䭿ڵ֮£δ̺ܽëiǰҪֻѰұǣ
ӦЦһ̧𵶣˵ǡ
£ζʱʧԭأƿ㣬Ѿ֮ĿڣϮΪҲ޷סΣֻǱȥ
ţӦȽʦֶΪͽĽ̵
Ϊϼū֮ʣ㽫⣬ңúܡ
̫ިΪݫiߵĽūǴСͱ̵δ
㾵ڣгϻԼ׵ĵӴ񣿣
ʿԣⱾеʱ䡣
һʼ䭾ûа̫ިԼĵӣãԼԸ⿴ݫiķϣһʲļūΪӣΪںĶ飬ΪԼǣӦ
Ӧǵһ㣬̣ΪӦ˵˿ôʵڿǷݡ
ûнӣǻΪݼҼū
ǽڲӣ̵ģǿӦǵ䣬ʼգĵûгʣǿǣȻҲʸһ˵
ʻʧأǰ˵ϣڵ棬һѪ
棬ڼϣ֧Ųס׹ȥ
ǰصӦУϲ
̧ͷЦǰ˵òǷݵġ
֪һΣ֮⣬ʲôҲû
䭼Ȳݫiǰ޻⣬²˾Ϊ̫ިһʣµģƬΰˡ
ʦӦ
ʦʦ縸磬ǿȸĸŮһܵĹϵ
䭸ûʸ̫ިʦ
䭲㣬ӦҲδ飬һӣ䭵㲻ܿƵصɳȥײŰأࡣ
ڵϣǽ壬Ҳûˡ
һԼҲûбڸѿ


150 
̨ѻȸ, ڽ֮ǰû֪̫ިԭ˶顣
ԭ, һҪһѰĵӡ
۵ŮϧΪݼɺ, ޹֮ʣˮҲ´, ȴǱˡ, δЩ
, Ҫú, ܳΪ֧š
ȵ˺ô, б˷мԼ, ֶ, ǸЦһ, ̡ϻͬĽݼϾöϡ
ҴǰλӣȴǴˡ
˭ϵλڴʦ, ĸǳڵġ
ϼȻ̫ި£Ӧʦָ˵, Ҳǵ֮
Ӧǲٿ޻֮, ȻĿ⾶ֱݫi
̫ިǰ֣ݫiһ֮䡣ڽڤ̫ި, һʵ棬ӦǶ˷ŭ
̫ިĵ;ȴҪϵ, ˼֮ľ
̫ިûз࣬ǲһҪݶΪʹ
Ӧǲ֪ڲ֪ǰ̫ިΪνĶˮΪʣݫi¡
ӦһԼݫiԾ̹Ȼԭأ޶
ԼΪڶɽڵĴǰǲģȻˣαù
֮£ȷǫi֪֮ǰΣݫi̧ͷʵ
ʱԾľ侲
ӦǲδݫiֻǽʿСԣΪãҲ֮
ñΣӦǷʡ
ݫiݼǰʦŮǰɱйߣҲӦ
ǰҪңǨŭˡ
˵ţǰڳһ¾̬
ӦǲΪָ֮΢ۣһ˽Ʒ
ݫiڵϹ˼Ȧֹסȥƣһʲô̹Ȼȶ˸ɸɾӦ˳
֣ݫiֽŹؽ֮һ죬ҧأûзʹĺ
һ˵䭼ˣѵǰԹԸһе뿴ګiʱ֪һ
˵ţӦһݡ
ݫiĸ䭿ԼΪ常縸һչ£ԸԼҲҪסݫi
ⷬݫiǽû˵
ҪӦŵµ磬üĿʦֶĳҪԼұ㲻⡣
仰˿ӦǵҪݫiʵûаԼס
Ϊߵģ䭺龳̫ϳϣ˼һҲδػӦǵĶ֡
ӦǿݫiڵȷɱʲôҲδֽԼвʹ졣
̧֣˳ָݫi岻ܿƵڿշ
ʦֻһѪȴΪ;٣ʱʱ֮ܺࡣ
Ӧ˵գݫiϵ΢΢˫ȱ˵ϡ
£ݫi򣬱ȸߵסصص̨ϣ£ϱֳϺۼѪ
ֱӦѹɢȥݫiŵֱϰڸɫ£ƽ糣еȴ̲סճȭ
Ϫһأݼҵδܹ衣
֣ϢӦˣգ㡣
ɱݫiΪҪ̫ިԼ
ݫiɫЩ԰ףһ΢Цڣiлǰɱ֮
˫ۺ׵̶
Ӧǲʲôִıʲôݫi˼ܣǸ磬ʵΪ
㹻ǿʵǰһıƲЦˡ
ƾˣһ֮
ӦƿĿ⣬ӷˮˡ
ӷֻӲͷƤվ°ݣǰǡ
׷ɱʦŮģ㣿Ӧʡ
ӷͷǺ˵òŵӦǰɱҸȣˮͨҲӦ
˵꣬Ӧ䣬ӷҲ˳ȥʮԶڵϡ
Ѫڣθ˵òᡣ
㵱Ϊˮ֪ӦǾӸµؿȻһħȡΪĶ͸ɱ
仰ӷľε֪ģ
ħˮĹӾȻϰħ
ѵݲ߻ħײƴ£ɱɣͥŻᱻˮ׷ɱ
ɣͥħˮڿɻС
ϯӵĿ򰵵Ͷˮڴ˴ˣŭ
ֻӦڴˣû˭ǰԵ¡
ڵӵϯλУˮˣɺǽʦ㱳ȻиˮǿĴڳûܵߵڰף
ʣâڿѵʱڳ˵Ķ΢΢һ
ʲô
׼ĲӷӦ̧ͷ򾵻ΰ
žӴΪµ
ת𽥲ڳ֮ϣ̧ʱһѩ
ڵһ̣˶̲סΪս
ע⵽䴦˻
µйоʦǾҪĵط֮һµ٣кĿȥλʦȱ
ƴת뽫£ϧĶ̫ˡ
ɽٺͶ֮һ󾳽磬зֱʵ̫
ЮŷѩХ£µطƱͬһʱ̱ξĽƣǰӰ⣬ֻܴڡ
Ϣʱ䣬ȫƿڵǰҶʹѿӸߴ䡣
𵴣ٴһѪȻصȥ
գ𣬶Ĵ
常ݫi΢΢ɫ˲ľʹǱ
ݼ֮ʲô£ݫiıɿա
Ϊǣ֡Ӧջصûж࿴һۣתȥ
Ҫȥģˮ
¶ʮ궬峤ӦǰˮԷѩʮʽˮɣϻ䳷¶ԭͽݵͨ
£ɣϻչأѰͻơ
ʮ꣬ȻвˮߣƼ֮Թ
ͬ꣬ˮͥ޸ڲټġ
ʮ꣬̫һڷѣ˪ɣһ֮ɽʿʮݡ
֮УСɽһսʧ˱չأｮΪϷ֡
ʱ֮УСɽɽţǰ֮ڡ
ʮģϪΪ׵Ĳʮ޸֣ˮ¡ˮŭǲѹܶ顣
£ȺϰˮϽƣˮ󲻵òֱѹս𣬻Ҳ
ʮ꣬Сɽ̫ިأգΪء
̶䣬Ϊɽʿ


151 
ɽ¥, ܶɴ֮е׺滨ʯ, 
ʱѹСɽʢɽŵ˺ҲԽԽ, е, нǧ˺ͨˣΪСɽŵӡ
ź, ҲһءСɽӶҪȾѧϰ, ͨš
ŵӷ, СɽɽҲ, 絤, 󷨣, Ѿ֮ٽ¥
Сɽɽź壬ռؽ
ŶԻ߳ŵӾ, һöע, ڰͶ, ǹСɽĽܡ
Ҷ, ҪȥһôŮ, ѩ׵ö, ǿɰ
СɽΪз㣬嶼ѡΪΡԣԭθ, ѡڻΪʱһЩ̫Ӱе˫β͡
ҶץץԼë׵ĻûС
һţŵķ׭ҲԽԽѧҲһˮʦҲ壻ҾҲ˼ķʦ֣Щϸ񡭡
ҽˣҼʦᡣŮЦЦѾϰ
Ҷͷʵûʲô츳ݶֱ治ȫ
һֻʳϻֱҩʵЩ̫Ϊˡ
ҲǣŮοû£ڻգʱŻԺúÿһ
˵Ůһһȥ
Ҷҳɽŵͼŵֲ淽㣬¼еͼимۼΣпγΰŵȵȡ
ֲһ˴µϵƭ֮¡羭޷ʵ飬СɽҪǧʯĵҩֻʯСɽ˺֪飬˷ʯ˵ҩԼռ˴ˡ
ڳ״Ƴֲ޹ƭڵ轵ִӵĹ
ĿɨͼҶһ¸룬ĵȥˡ
ϣԶԶܼε
ҶǰֻСɽвŷµӰ̯λʽַڵϣѡ
Щ׵ķ֮СɽѾϼˡһЩСɽʿû㹻ʯ嶨´ڽףЩ뿪СɽתˣҲ׬һʡ
ҶȺ¥ǰҵ˽ŵӲιʦʦ㡣
ĻռǣŮЦݿ䣬ʦ
ҷƽڣ¥в֣ǵҽҲȲϡŮЩ
ٲû
յ̴ľϣϱ֣ɫ̬Ļ澲ȼţѤá
ͬвͬЧá
Щóһ֣ǧʯ֮ǰҲûеģȡһϧ˴˵裬Ϊʦ׼˭Ҳߡ
棬ѰʿһδܼЩ𣬵СɽֻҪʯЩ
Ůֵŵӳ壬дѽĻᣬڷзҲۼ۹򡣡
ȻСɽյŵԽԽ࣬ÿûͨ˱Ȱ˵Ҳ٣Ҫţһʤһѡ
һҪʢҪĵӣΪӣ˵ֶΰٳ
ߣҴȥĦĦʦʦ
ƹȣһ̤ڣȼ֮ʣ¶ȶȻࡣ
ϣͭϱضһǣԱߵľϷƷ
ж󷨸ϣʧҲ˵ Ů͵⻹޹ӱʦȥʦƵġ
ո£һ죬Զֱͦͦصȥըನһڻҡ
ΧӿһۣǼֲֵջĿ⣬漴һԵŵǰɫ޲ѵصؽ̧ߡ
֪ܻЩյģˣڵҽܻˡŮҶһЦȻԴϰΪ
壬Ҷȥĺģһ塣
ˮʮߣǰΪһսбֳڣΪ״ӣ̳һ
󷨵;Ϊ̨ͤ¥÷ǹĻһҲܳ㡣
Ҷɣά󷨣û⣬ͿСɽƹ㡣
ŷƣҶЩΣǧϵ󷨹ɣڻֻǿĽ󷨰ˡ
ܹ󷨵Ĵʦ㣬ʵ̫ˣ
өˮĸԲԶƮ˹ҶڿΣʱæΧһˮʦ֣
˵ˮʦֿͬʱðֻֻƣСɽУţûܱ졣壬ְֻֻˡ
ҶȻ̫ިСɽɽ֮Уɼĺۼ
ˮʮߵͷһ󷨣˵Щʲôһ
ʱʧɫŰֻӣϧûܿ⣬ŮѾأסһ֡
֡ˮʮδҧгݵ
ˮӯӯֺһЦСʮߡ
ò£ˮʮ߶֪˵ʲôİɣϻؽҵʯû壡
ĽʮѣʦƣҶʦֵǩˮӯӯץסˮʮߵĴ֣žܵĿܡ
ˮʮߺһһǳʦֳ⣬רЩӲʹĽޣ
ʮѣ˾ûˣˮӯӯĻǿʮߣǿ׽ܡ
׽ҲҪˣˮʮƴγԼĴ֣㻹Ƿʮʯأ
ˮӯӯؿѵǵĽ֮飬ֵЩʯ
ˮʮȫΪĮһʯ㶼ܰˣ
ȥˮӯӯҲ֣Ĵ֣ƾ嶼˵ϡ
ҶϵˮӯӯҲ״֮һʽĸʵû뵽ԪӤʿֻһܻʽʦ㣬һ档
ˮʮߺˮӯӯ֮ʱһսԶֳϼ⣬ԡУ漰طĵɢС
ǡ
ֻһͬСɽ忴ȥڶɽڵһ˲ɢԽ棬֮С
ʦͻˡˮʮ૵
ͻƶ̫֮ިأɽٲ
ˮӯӯֳЦ⣺Ҿ֪ʦһܳɹ
ϼ֮УԶϣ½ƿһݣشʦɽ٣
شʦɽ٣
˿̣СɽӶ壬صܡ
û˲һɽپζʲôζԴ֮СɽΪǿ֮һ
ͬһʱ䣬ͬһʱ˫Ŀ򼫱֮˽֮Уֶһλɽٴܣ
󣬱Сɽ̶꣬ɶɽ٣̫ިΪԶ
̫ިɽٵһ̣ζű죬Ҫˡ


152 
, ϼŻɢȥ
֮صʿԶѹ漴Сɽ֣ظһ
һսУǿƬĴڣ̫ިԵɺطɽ, ˵Թͨ, ϼ֮Ҳ伸̺طĵϡ
Ժ֮, ԭкеĵϱ㽥ʧʿط, ֮֮ǰࡣ
һЩϹŷĲƬ, ڵҲΪ, , ԭϲϹŵʿط
ڣ̫ިɽ, е, ԡ, вʿ˸һ˿ط
, ˮӯӯۣܸܵ, ԼѾǲϣö, ܳɹס
תͷˮʮߣĿдżڴʦɽ٣ϲӣ˾һʹô
ˮʮԣɳ˳ǣ֪ˣΪǷʯ
ѾϰԼλʮĺ޳, 롣
ˮʮ̬˼ˮӯӯֻź̾˿СʮҲԽԽƭ˰
ˣֻҪԼͻƻ񣬾ܴһʯܻծܶ½ʡ
СɽӣֻҪΪܴ쵽ӦĽԽߣܵõԴԽ
ʵСɽ״ӵʵϷˮӯӯִֻŵΪԼıڵĽʣ֮һȥ䵽ҪԼĵܵܽʯ
ۼˣˮӯӯҲ󷨿ûʲôȤ
ʱһ٣ʶˮʮߡ
ˮʮͷеǴʦ㴫Ѷ
̫ިųأǰȥȻ¡
ˮʮеӽ䣬ͬˮӯӯһȥ
ͬʱ֮ϣ첽Ϣֹǰ˼ǡ
׷ƻ¥Ϊƶ֮
Ҳɣ¥̬ͥŲҲδ̫ࡣ
Ҳҡûлͷ
¥ıӰȻһЦУ˭ҲȲλʦġ
ûдʦ㣬𽲻һܴҵԼҲûаһƵʮع
£֮䣬Ҳδˡ
¥ʧ֮ʣѾƹȣع񣬿ȥ
⣬½ƿҶҲˣǰ̫仯һԵҶȴѾȾ˪ɫ
̺ۣʧ֮󣬼¸ֵҩҶ»ǲɱ˥ȥ
飬Ҳδ취Ҷ»ָΪҶ¶ԴѾûʲôִӲԼΪСɽ
ʧΪ֮ԭԸʽһְ½ƿºѵ״Ӧ¡
ҶڽϵĸҲܼҲֻڶལ޵óϷʽĸ½ƿºˮӯӯ
Ҷʦ֣
̧һ¥ҲͬҶʺá
ҶºЦף
½ƿҲʹ񣬺Ѽ䣬㲢ȥ
Ȼˣʱ̸ͬеҩ֮¡뱱ĵҩףһСɽҪԴ֮һ
һԣԴǣʱҲֻǳĬţǰѾΪ״ӡ
һߣεԨ޾żڵһûóȻ̸
Ԩ޾ѡ̫ި֮ԭ뽫ԼеĶ׳Ϊ̫֮ި𣬱ǡ
˾Ȼ⵽Ϊ׵һСɽǿҷԣǵʦ㣬ôһȺߡ
ʾҪʲôûʲôȥˣίʦ㡣
Ԩ޾ȻҲ֪ڱڶʵ㲻ʲôҪʯûʯ㹻Ҳ޼ҲΪԵʣŻڿСɽķչ׳̫ިΪͷ
һִԨ޾ɹ˵ڵ嶼Сɽ˹ϡ
ףݵķʢϵɢ֮ƣҲսָڴ˵ҲΪԼĵ;ǰ̱뿪ĽδܿСɽģ¡
СɽΪԨ޾ͳҲ֮ǰǰ⡣Сɽİ֧֣Ҳչľ߹ģΰǳأﲻ
̫ިչ⼸䣬˵ƶ¸Ϊ˲ټҵס
󣬲ʱˮӯӯˮʮߺҲȺˡ
ѵ룬ڵ֮У̫ި֣޸ĺķĻ·С
һ˫ۿзģͷҵѣϷΪıըҲû
ϸзģ૵ԭ
ֻ轫⼸Ļ·ŻܽԼһֱڿǵ⣬ôû뵽أ
Ϊ˸Ѿ߲ʮգһֱδҵ֮ʱ̫ި˹ء
̫ިȥæվȥ
ڶɽʿϢӽһʱͣ»ͷ뿴˹ȥ
ţͬ
̫ިһæ˵ǽߣܹһ
еĴ಻ƲҪǸһ񣬶Ȼᱻúһġ
ֱ̫ިλŴǽ߲
ⷬģ鳰Цȥ˲ɣ
˸ۣǰ˼
ҲûԱ˸λ£ػԲͬһʶġ
ӻȡöַˣ꿴̫ިʾ⣬ſڵ˷ʦм׮¹ŵĴҪ顣


153 
ɤ, ʾ֣أһǹ֮¡
ԴǱǺյڽ룬ڴ, óôʱʴҵ
ǵȻǽ佨׵ĳǳ, ʮ, ҲΪ˴ǣiûƣΪ֪
ˮʮȻΣʱԵҪ, ҲӺȻܳ㹻֣Ը뿪Сɽ, ס
Сɽζû, 󲿷СɽӶ, ÿ춼ڿ޺ĸʱá
Ϊĸʱ̫ިҪ󣬹һֱͼӳÿʱ, ѹ
ȷ, Ҳ²ٵ˼ӣ޷רעС
ǳ˶ʯ, ȽϹһ㡣
ȳָ۾ʱ, ˮʮҲ̲סĶ
˸㼺, ǶûзԣܹռСɽҲǼ¡
±, ˵˵ڶ£䣬Ÿ壬еڷҵΪβͬؼҲйм
һҪʯԴճΪ˳˸⣬ǰеӻʯ
շ֣еαҥԣ̧ʽؼۣڻĵƤ߼Ҵʽؼ۴Ӱ˷֧ƽ⡭
ˮӯӯȻ򣺡Ҿ˵ԼԺӹôǰôࡣ
һȱʯͻὫԼĵӾӹҳȥˣʲôʱʯ
ˮӯӯ˵˯Ķ˯
ɿһִȻҥĵץ˻δлûع涨
ôҲû뵽绹ҵš
ȻûдСɽŹ棬ʽ˷˴ǲãҲá
¥һۣڲԣ̧ؼ۵ģ׷ӡ
˺Žꡣ̫ިڡ
æӦǣ£ҥҲ֮
Сɽӣһֻܰһöiʶӡ޷αζţ̧꣬ؼ۵ĵֻϵưˡ
ԼưͺõȥСɽвǽ׻ǽĵãͨ
Сɽʵ֮Уʯڼֹʱ㽫䰲ʽϡ̫ިֵ
ΪѾԽռ϶֮еСɽʵؾȡ
ˣҲ˽ˣ֮ʽ̫ިܡ
һˡĿɨˣ̫ިⷬǳ⡣
ʦȻɽ٣СɽĳҲһˡ
仰£ղһࡣ
ɽһսңСɽӼزˣأֻһСɽҪ䡣
̫ިɽ֮󣬱һս֮
ĬƬ̣ȿڣ˳ţʦ㲻սɽ٣жɽڵΪ㵱걻ҶʦնȥϢ˭Ҳָ֪Ρ
֮ݷСɽ¥Ҳ֪κιϢ
Ŀⰵɫʵ̫Σˡ
ҲΪĵӱ𣬵̫ިİΣ
˵òѵҲдǡڶɽʿԣһСĲ඼֮
ҼȻ飬Ȼаա̫ި쿪ڣƽ
Լȥðա
ˮӯӯ⻰һ̤ȥ̬ʦ㣡
ʦôǿһֻܿ
Ŀ뿴˹ʶԼĶĳϣЩ̫ʣڨڨջȡ
º͵ؿ̫ިȻϣȥǣСɽΪۡ
ˣҲŹǽ佻̫ި
򴽣ڵѾɹۣǼʱϹӦܹԶķۡ
Ǳ򼫱֮ϷʮԷ
ء̫ިĻУһ˱ӡ
ʦ㣬Ҫһȥɱɫ
½ƿüԭҲһΪӦСɽ¡
ɽֻýӴܡ̫ިƽؽ͡
ЩԣûбԼҪ£̫ިΣҪǽô㹻죬㹻ء
䣬ҶΪʧϢѾ㹻ֻʣ鲻ڶ̫ިչ֮ʣСɽһƬʢȴзƷӿ
ñ֪СɽѲǿĵط
ɱΪҲΪ
ʦ㡭ʶʲôʦһأҪ
սټڴˣΪ£Ϊ˸ô
ЩأȻǻʿûʸɽپ˭̫ިһ㣬ԻΪط򣬱˽
ԼΪٸһ㣬ܰʦæֻֻܿա
ûнⷬ˵ڣ̧̫ިһ֣صʦ뿪ǻúտСɽʦʧ
Ҳһ񣺡ʦģ
Ϊ粻㣬̫ިȥٿܼ֮£磬Сɽ
Сɽǵļңʦļңǻ
Ԩ޾࣬ȴ̲סֳּ֮ɫĽǿ̫ިΪǿֵֵ֮Ƿ֮Ϊ
뼸̫֮ިҵȾϵʤ飡


154 
аɵͣڵ, ī۵̻ỤΧѲӣΪǲס
̻֮ж۶ɣʵȻС
ŸʿȺ۶, ĿʼմŽ䱸֮ɫûĵط, ǲС, ׶
̫ިһɫ磬ñס˴磬֮, ͻأ
ɢϢѰʿһ㣬˭Ҳܲ쳣
̤ԼĲңڳ, ˴, ֻʣһŰϷһƿ÷֦, ÷ã˼ɫ
̫ިվڴߣҰտʼƮ׷ϸѩ, , һ
ֵѩ
֮ʱ, ѴѶ࣬һʱδյ
̫ިչغ󲻾, ɹħþ, ϧվһδܼ̫ިǸˮѶ
ħþ, ֻȶĵһ顣
̫ިչ꣬౼ʮݼ䣬ƬҲͣЪ
ȥȥΪһҲ޾Ϊħ׼ʿͷˣ罥˴ԣ˪ִѡ
Գħþ̫ިд˲ţЩ£ÿһΣ©̫ިڱչأԺС
˵Ҷ»ԵɺϴӦǿе֪̫ިĹϵСɽо¡ϾҶµ飬ὫĴҲֻΪԼʦֿѡ
ֻ֪̬¾Ͳƽˡ
̫ިغǿţŶģЩʮݵС
ʱһҰСʱͭǮķ糵ʱںмʯӣȻûʲôãʤԲ͸ǿɰ
뽫Լй·ķ羰
ڴǰһһû֮£ڣȴΪûϲ
ΪֻƬеϲΪԼʱʱ̵̿ĵϲΪİϲѡ
Ħú͵ĺۣɫЩ
ָ΢ʹ˺ϣ̫ިתڴת˼ڤ֮С
֪˶ãʶ֪һкȻڰۣԼЩõָ⣬ֻʶǡ
ި
һϤ̫ިת˱뻳С
ཫ̫ިӵ뻳УУҲܸܵϴů⡣
ҺܾûˡཫͷϣдЩί
ҲֻУŻ޹˼ɵ¶һ档
̫ިһ˲ֻ̧رס꣬˳۽޴£˿
ȷǺܾˣأǧҹǶδټ
еػ緢ӡǧɵĻƽϢƣΪ輸ղɷӡ̫ʢЩʱգҾԼ챻ˡЩ޾ɡ
ϲˮȻΪԲܻϮĵطԣҲ㲻ʲôò¡
̫ިҲףΪλٳδԼĴѶ»ʢԼӰ˴Ѷδܼʱյ
౧̫ިã̾㣬֧֧ؿڣިҡҿɲ㡭
̫ިشԣС
ǾЩص£ިҲ֪İɣ
͡һΡ
ཫͷһͣסǰŮ
ͦı϶ȴУ̫ިߵЩʧ
ڣڰиϢ
ϸһ糺죬۵βĴ̫̽ި䡣
֪ʱ̫ިѹڵ棬˹˼Ȧ۾һĥޱȡ
ި΢΢̧ͷ̫ިϷ䣬µŮ૵ʲôʱܳأ
գûյ̫ިѶҲ֪ϢȻ̫ިȻ˳ɽ١
̫ިָ̧֣⸧ݣܿټˡ
Ŀ⣬룬롭
һˣһҲûйϵɣͷȥаοԼΡ
̫ިûбãȻ໥⣬㲻ܾ׽Լ
ʱЩϰߣ׽໶ϲԼϰ׽
֮УǧɾһƬȻӣԪӤʿˣҲ֮мּʱ
ڴָۣξ֮£ɾȣԼΪ̫òިȻΡ
֪һΪԼǵͽӣңֻһζѡ
ⳡʵ̫ʵЩֲαԼжʲô
̲סס
ãƽվ߶ٴΧػӴ󷨡
ͬһʱ䣬̫ިҲѹкƬĴзʵһλ˵⣬һΣ㶨Ȼˡ
ʱδʹϸӦȥһ⣬ʸǡ
࡭
̫ި֣߲ԾعһĨǳЦ
˼Ϊֱվö䵭һ㣬೤
̧ͷ⣬ֻƺڣӳӽ𳿹⣬ҹɫѹ֮ʱ
ʱأͣڽڵĳƶС
ʮسƷ죬кΰǣǽ֮ƽڡ
ڷܣǿѷСɽɽ
̫ި̧ۣһʵʵĿͶעϣ̧ȥ꺬Ц˫ۡ
Զһ£òӡ
̫ިЦ̧һҾȫ
̫ިʶȻʶǰɱΪˮϵҩ޺̫ިѾˡ
֮ˮӣɣī
ʲϼѣԳǸȴܼ丸֧£һֿΪйĪ֮
̫꣬ިɱҩ޺ɣī
̫ިȻǳʲôģɣīֻǾãھɱԣʺһ̿͡
۹ⲻ̫ިվǰɣīιȼѪƺȼԼΪۣ̫ިΪһǧӴ˳õһѵ
̫ި࣬Խ⿪ڹƶ
ʱԾΪ׵ĸһˮ˫սˮڽڰˣгɣī֮Ѱ̫ިΪʡ
ҲǴʱɣī˾ӱֱˮҲδ֡
ˮȴԱ档
ֱ̫ިתΪ¹ڣɨҲ̤ƣʱɣīȻ䡣
ǵˣδ㡣
ʱǶֵĺʱɣīֻлΪл̿Ͳ֪οʱڽУ˽֪ȥδ
Ҫɱǽɣī
̫ިջĿ⣬ɣīɫһ¶ذȹǡ
ıӰɣīЦδģȴЩ
ӣڿʲôɣīһֱǰЩֵʵ
ûʲôɣīջĿ⣬˵ʲô
ӦֻǸʿ


155 
谵, ϵ𾲾ȼգԵЩѹ֡
齵Ľۣ¿յֺۡתʱ, ˿ڴʹ, ܸ֪ԻδĽŰ
ǽصΪҲδȬԭ, ҶԱΪΪ۵һնȥнУ޷ָ, ˵
رΪ, ҪСɽǼټ򵥲£ȴһսǰδеĲҰ, , »档
˿ڴʹ, ýظΪ, һ, ڵ㱻Ʒ, ײǽķѡ
»˶ɽŲһ١
ͣ棬ڵȱô֪Ķسڡ
»һݣæ̤֮, ڽǰ²ң
ɨһ, ѹбŰɱ⣺Ϊ£
ʥţСɽǰͻƶɽ١»ͷ, ȫȻֱӽء
£εѹɨһ˲ȥͻĺڰľ
ѣ䣬֮䣬ͻƶ顢ɽ٣ʣʵڳƵϿ¶֣ο̫ިط
޳޷Խĸɽ˭뵽޳֮иȻɽٵĵӣ
Сɽкζ򣿡ؿǰ»ʵ
̫ިδأƻȹ̾磬Сɽһգ춯»
һЩ֪֮Сɽ죬ȻҪ׼ֺԴ޿ĶĿ
Ҫģǻָʵ
νģ׷Ϊ㹻ǿСɽһսˣ񣬾ڲҲȡ֮
󻤷һΪɽٳڣһΪ۷壬ϵˮһ򲻺͡
ˣ֪δתδûֵĿܡ
뾡ָʵ
ز֪ΪСɽڱչص̫ިȻڽС
߳ƶɣʲôѰһᰲ
ֱҹɫ٣¥ƽ𣬽ϳˮ嶼ԭӡ
̫ި߳ᣬɫסΣ¶ָڶత壬첽ǰĿꡣ
ҹɫ¥ϵڵƻӳӨӨ⣬̽Ƿܣŵ˿֮¥д
ҶϿ֣ͥǽʢַ֪ͥˣǷˣʥһ¡
̫ި֮ͥʱķŮӭǰɳǰʲôӣ
Ŀ⽫̫ިһֻǽʿϷƷȴǲŮӦֻ
ֻҪʯҪʲôͥСŮ˵ţ̫ިգգۣż
̫ިɽȡһʯ׸Ůӣȸ֦
ȸ֦һ¼֪޼
Ůӽסʯ֣ɫһݣ漴ָֻ糣
һʯЦ̫ިɳ֪ȸ֦ɲ˭ġ
벻ܣ֪̫ިĿ⣬΢΢˴ǡ
ŮӳĬһ˲ֻµŮҴλɳȥԺ򡣡
ͨ˼ǲסŮľګӦǣ̫ި¥ȥ
ƿţڲ£뿪ɫɴзһٰʱǿһ
̫ިڴߣ΢΢ܽǵƻ۵ס
ڸбŮִΪһյ裬漴һԣûзκ졣
֮кǰֻн䴦̴ϡ
֪˶ãŴ󿪣Ů룬бһѹ٣Աɴ棬¶˫̬֮
ٷڰϣ̧̫ިϸɳȸ֦
̫ިһ٣ƽ
޹ǰʮָϣŮָ⶯ߵУϣþò
ԽԽƺ˼ɱŮӴףָ⶯ԽԽ죬ĿϾӡ
ȸ֦ʦҲࡣ
Ҳڴʱһһػɣ̫ިܣȻĵЦҪקһ硣
յвˮΪ̫ިԭأɫδܻþӰ졣
һ֮ʱεھ֮н俪Ⱥ̫ި
ڶˡ
ָڲյһãȵĲˮײ໥Ρ
ˮδϷ£̫ިյǽֺؽס
ʢ˲ˮıյŮӶȥɫ΢ݣֽ̧סյ
ϧյȥδƵòվ
ֽסյŮӲܿƵȥ֮⣬վΡ
ܽԼƵزǰŮֻǸ𵤣
ַ²յŮӿ̫ިƬ̺󣬻ȡϱɴ
ò¶ڿУʱ򣬴Ӧöʧ
Ϊϣبһ˺ѵ̺ۣȥԭƾɫݡ
Ϊ̫ިһȸ֦ģǷһ¡
ѰŮʱóıһȸ֦
ͥȸ֦Ϊ¡
֪µģӦûмˣǰŮǴӺζ֪
Ѱң֪Ϊ¡ºЦ̫ިȴż⡣
̫ިȡһֻյΪԼˮһڣŵҴУͻ»һݴ񡣡
ӵؿЦ·׷ǹʣֻܲݴ񡣡
йأ̫ިüʡ
󻤷ɽٳڵĴ뻨Ѿáľ汾ǽּģԵΪͥ񣬱󱾾֧֡
ˣΪȨ⡣
СɽһֱԱչΪˡѹУ⴦·硣
㵽˭³ȵ
ԭڽŮĿͶ̫ިֻ軨һ£ᶯ֡
̫ިвյⲻҪҪǣͬĵˡ
ãȻЦˣǱ˵˵ҪζԸöɽڵĴ
޹Ŀһ硣̫ިһ㣬˵ܡ
˼ܻ֪һЩ˲֪ܡ
ͫ΢Ĭһ˲ŵΪҪ㣿
֪һ÷Ůӡ̫ި
ǸΪ׵Ĺ£ѣȴ޳нһֱޡ
Ѿ÷ŮӽΪ£ȴΪȢŮޣ棬˽Լĵ¡
֮䲻ûйģԼеŶϧĻǵֲ档
Ϊ˸һɱԼֿ
̫ި̧£΢һλ£иŮ
ǰȥؾʱ֪ԼĵѾĹ⡣ؾо֮ŮģȢٲصԴ
Ҳ᲻֮ʱĵ½õŮиˣǰȥѰС
ƺʲô̫ިԷ飬֪ţģֻ֪ڵŮˡ
Ȼز²⣬ǰŮŮ


156 
Ҫʲôٴδһ̫ި, ¿ڵ
ȻҪ̫ި̧Ŀ⣬ش
´ż̽ǣɱԼĸף
̫ިûз, ʵѵô
¹𴽣˵ͷĸ, ȷ
ȸ֦Ҷӹ, ͥƻͨ, ̫ި¥߳, û֮С
ҹɫ, ¹, ָ⸧, ް
֪˶ãһӰԴعǰ, ֮ǰľګԵŮ
ܣˡŮڣ֦档
ԣֻӦһ, һ㲢⡣
޷, ˣ֡
ŮͷһƬľګĬƬ, ̲סڣҪĻδؿš
ʲôϵָסԼһƳЦ
ǵİ̺鶯ԽԿ£˲ֱӡû̺, һһˡ
϶̫ţԽԽҪٲЩʲô浱
ؽչ֮ˣûϾڻºϣ֮£ѷһĻ£ʱЩԿ
ôѣͬѣýԸѵҲ˿СǼ١
ΪѣΪ磬ΪAΪעһÿ꿪֮ʱҪǰڣݷˣڴʱдѡ
֮ʱؽǰĻɽɽСչأ±ɻºС
䣬Ϊضǰѡ
̫ިԸʱ䣬Ͷڴѡ
нڣıδܳɹҲΣ¹𴽽ǣ׽͸Ц⡣
СԣԼб϶İѱ
²ҪΪˣҲܶȨʱرضٷһλνƺ⡣
ԣõĽ
´Ӧ̫ިҪɱĻ׼Ҳ֪̫ިɱģ
뿪̫ͥި֮ˣŻصᡣͣںӱߣĬʵĺˮеӳƻǺӡ
̫ި֪ţȻΪŮʶŮ
ҹ紵ɫ磬̧ͷŸ£̫ި΢
ѾãҪֻ͡
תգѹ֦ѿ³һ̡
ڽ˺󣬷±ʳϷأˣԷҲ㲻˽ǡ
λڳ֮մŸɫʽ˽ڣֻҪǻ㹫ȻѽأǱ㲻ȱϯ
һƬʢȴǷ
УԵ걻ӽ͸˰ɫѪƷʢ£֪˶ɱ¾
öãװ޺޵͵һ¶ߡ
谵Ĺ£ѵܣŨصѪζڱǼ⣬еţȴΪֽϵ޷
ڵޣɲ׸㵽ͷĿվ⣬̧ͷӴޣп
һ𣺡Ϊץסǿ˲֣ʥҪڴϵġ
˴ߵ޺ʿΪ˴δ׼ģǱǴѵԿʼǰᱻ뻴ɽС
ȻΪ˲˵λˣ뻴ɽҲժֽ
־䳱ʪĶУҡҵǻܣҳȥҸʯǣ
ͷĿؿۿ־꣬żܳСү
ﻹߣ
˵ţһŽ߷
ٳҾ͸ͷ
ΪʹһţĿʮľ֣ǺԼľηżֵɫɨΧ
̫ި䵭ؿһС
˫ΪϢѰʿһ޶У˾µȣδʲôע⡣
һգҹɫ١
ڶ˳ߣɽȥ
żеʿ࣬·ǰʱȦԳȻǰ
ݣԳΧ׻δ˵ʲôÿⳡе˳Χ
Գ֮вз󷨣̫ި΢΢̧ͷУ˫ס
ͬʱ֮УͷԵ¶˴龹ȻǣʾڽƽҪ֮ʱ
ಢѰʿǿᣬûô˵ϷأǱЩ
ӡסŰĻ飬ڴ˴¾£Ƭöñָܻ
չˮȱУһ񣺡ʦȻӡԾڴ˴Ӧջָ
ȵͷҪ˵Щʲôһڴ˴յĴѶ¡
֪ʲôֽ̧ӦϢʱ¶ϲɫިĴѶ
˲ȻڣʶɨϲʦިѾˣͻ˶ɽ٣
ʵȷ˵ģϢ
̫ިĴѶֵ£ս顣
ΪѶΪ˽ػ񣬱ûн˵
ʦިˡԥһ˲ɿȥ֮ڵġ
˵գȻش𣬱жˮͨѶ
ȻԼӦʦĿ黹δɣިѾδܼʵں
һߣڣȿȻʧˮһʱʧ⻹һ⵽˴


157 
ɽй֮, ڶѾȺ
λ࣬ϵڴ˴Ԩ, η
ŲԶ´ŮԵζ, ȹ, ޷˽, ⡣
Ŀ, ڳжֿϧ, ûǵ˰, Ȿſƾɫա
뷨, ǲҵŻµ˵һ䣬ΪԶʤڳڶ塣
õ硣żַ⿪ڡ
Цһ, 棬ڵ󻤷ޣⱾӦġ
ǻ棬ڳϢ, ҷκ졣
Щ, ֱƬ֮󣬽شż룬ŴƬš
ҵȼʥ
һ, Ǻ뷨ʮ㹧̬
ͻҲȥ⿴Žƺѻָۣ˼
ڷڶһһݼ֮ʱ, Ϊⳡ׼Ѿ˷ų
ֽΪ޷ʿȿֺɽȥܶɱǻһ
ҵ˳֮У̫ިӰЮţδκע⡣
ʱ󣬽ʹƺƵԳȥ
ɽ۸·֣һɢŹϢķڰգӨӨ̲סһ
⾹ȻһطϹŷ
ǶʿԴҲѲġ
˷ѣѰһֻޣ˭Եã
ػ£嶼ˣնʱ
һڶ御ȥһĻ΢Ц
ûУֻʣңջĿ⣬ŽҲɽֶȥ
˴ѣǡÿɽĵĲȥѾ̵ùˡ
𣬾ȸ𾢷硣
´һǰЦ󻤷ɰ
ɽǽйڣڴѺӣǻºҲ岻֣ǰ˲֮¡
ԻܶõģֻԼԳһ塣
Ŀɨ۵״żֲΪȻʥڴˣҲûʸڱǰ
һƲϻ£ڽ˺
۷ɽٳڿֻһ˽Ҳδͻرݣ޽ط֣ԭƽƽ
µǲδŭ󻤷ƣ˾η
׼΢뵲·
һ˫ء
ӯӯһЦʵΣ
ֻû¡߶Я֮Ƴ
δϵ»ѡڴ֮ʱѣΪ粻㣬ǰ˻ԴĬȻ£δȴѡ˴ʱ֡
תͷƶʥڴˣƫ
ｫҪײµԾһ㹥ڶҲͬһʱ䶯ˡ
ҪԸ´ģȻԼĸ֮£ߵȫ·硣
󣬽С
ͬһʱ䣬صĽΧһֻ塣
̧֣Ϊε岻ܿƵڿն𡣼ǶܣڽǰҲע޻֮
ֽͽڿţ޼ģʥˡ
б䣬صֻսֻ龳壬һ죬ʹ鿪
ɵĲӥڵ棬ʧϢ
Ԧʹתָȥľܰó棬һ̣ƺ˲Ϣͣ͡
ɽеֹͣﲻض˶֫صͷֻڵ
Գеķ󷨣ԭ˴󷨲ܿ
ǿ˻ɽķƣ
ԳһƬȻ㶼ע⵽󷨿ʲôѵ˸ڻɽɱʥɣ
ԭΪĴ޸ģܻסдڵڶ̶ʱڱɹ޸ʿ֮٣̫ިǡ֮һ
ͻأ˷磬ƾնХһж
ڶˣʥ
ｫػУ࿹Ǹض꣬ĸĹ
ֻǵľȻԵУ׸ǵʺ˲Ѫ׷ɡ
ط򡪡
ûжط򣬲ܽԦʹ˵ز
Ⱥɫһһǿнл⡣
ײನɢľȻ졣
Ȼˣαضزأڵ棬ȵ
֦Ҷ󲽲ԭĽȻʧǽΪ׼Ķޣһֻ档
Ȼ棬ֻʵвѪ棬ںǰ
㡪ؿ汳̫ިҧ
ʱգҲؼǵǰеһСΪɽٴȴһڵСˣʵһĳ衣
վǰģѾǰ̫ިˡ
ԭСɽбչȹ̾磬ȴϢس˻ɽؽ̫ިмɵ
ԼȻδκ쳣
̫ިڲٷѹϢڶɽʿѹ޹˼ɵϯȥƵý߽ȥ
̲סֳɵ֮ɫ֮ΪҲʿڶɽٳڵ̫ިǰȫѹơ
ǰһɽڵѹɢڽЩѹһɡ
ǰʲô̧ͷϵ̫ިڣȴѾ
̫ިӸµؿŽأɱ㡪


158 
̫ިƽ, ټ򵥲һ¡
̲סЦɽپ͸ҷŴ˿ԣ㵱ΪԼطʸڱǰ
, ԼСɽˣȱ˰, ֱ֮Ҷնȥ֮, ŻᱻǰС޾ˡ
ȴǵΣԼƲδȫָһɽٵСҪɱҲ췽ҹ̷
ط, кײ̫ި
ҶմȾЩлΪҽɢ治ض˶ǰצͫбֳܵη֮ɫ
̫ި̧, ײ, ޱ߷, ѻɫĳڷɫ©ذȹǡ
ɽе˺һƬ, Ķ, ԳڶȻ, һ, ʱвһ
ȻҲ֪Զɽʿѹ, Ż£㾹ұʥ
΢ȴûн͡
, Ѿûκ塣
ʶŮɱԼ֮ס
ɽٳڵϽǿĴûס̫ިٶԸɽʿľ
ԼǱˣ޷Ƶŭô
ԼڶԸҲᱻá
ŮʲôݣΪҪɱʥתͷһʱ÷
ˣԼ֣ͣȻҲǲԸģһȻ˷Գȥ
Գķ춯ǰȥͷղԳΧȥֻڽصĸ籩ĸȥ
໥̫ި£ǵ׼ȻڽΧĽȥ
̧ץȴһƷ˶
̫ިǰ˿ңƿնΪ˿ƱѾˡ
ս֣㿪Ĺơ
̫ިһ̫죬Ƶýزˣ۽භµȷܼ
½һϹѪЩ廹Ҫǿ࣬һжҲ·硣
μϣ潫ͷ˺ҧŽˤ˳ȥ
˿֯һƬطŭ˻һԭΣֻʣҲӴ˲յĴ
Ҳһ̣Ϣ˲ű
ɫһ󾢷磬üҪռ˺ѣ
̫ި㿪ԼҪϮצƮ䣬ЮţΪϯ
̫ި̧ͷѾ˷Ϊһ塣ɱĳͣڰУ̧֣еɶأ߿е
ȶױ㽫Щл⣬£Ϻȼܻ档
̫ިûԥȥͬһȺϽȥơ
޴ĳ£Ҫ˺ϱֵĴϣ̫ިҲܿƵرƷɡ
εķɽлۣס̫ިɫЩ԰ףȴ
֮һɽлصɽٱս
ȻֻһС磬ںܶʿ˵һҲ޷ͻƵıݡ
ƺȻ̫ިվԭأ̧ջ
˽ʱεķҲڴ˿Ϊʵʣͬݺײһ
޴񱻻ɳȥڻҺɫϻһĦ
Ӵڵҳһӣľ˱𵹷ڵ棬Ƭɽַ·˶
̫ި˫ֳſƣý˿·գɫԵЩ԰ס
תƵ
ѪӴ䣬ɽ֦ҶȾ˳ɫûҺɫأһѪꡣ
һһľԽԽצ̫ިͷɼǵ˺ۡ
ɫ䣬һ̣ǻһȼɽ֮У͸ɫ̫ިнӡξӭ
ִٵظ˷򣬵̫嵹ɶ·ײߴľ
ôܣŸոͻƶɽ٣ôʵ
ֻڱգʹǿᣬһҲ
˫ͫԻĿ־ɵ
춯𣬼֧ԮķӰϮϮ̫ިҪ
صĽԡѪԹ˲Ͼ
ͷ˿ƺδӰ̫ިĶ㿪ӲͬǶϮ壬ɵ˿Ҽιȣ˲Ϣո˼
֮ʱᣬԳȥ
޶񾳽磬ô𺣬̫ިս˲ϢѾɸ߿⡣
ˣҴҲսͬȥʱѹһᡣ
̫ިû׷𣬲ӽƬϡ
Գ֮Уײ⣬˿ڴٴѪ䣬̺ŶɽʿӴ
̫ިǰΪ׼õȻѡ
ʱף̫ި۸ԳĽƣԭ󷨣Լ
˵ķŭ壬ѵΪɱԼô
̫ިʧԭأһ˲ڸ߿֮ϡ
죬ɫƲѱѪ͸ԼģҲġ
ڽ̫ި·ǧ֮Ϸ£岻ظشӸ߿׹ˤڵ棬
ѪҺҺɫǱˡ
𷱸ƣΪӽƶŭ˻һƴȫȴǱ֮ⷽš
̫ިûдᣬעۣɫ͸ͫн仯
֮£ÿһ羭֪֮Сʱ飬˦Ƭ£̫ި
ȴûѡܿӭųǰӼϻ䣬ɫȹҲΪѪȾ졣
һö໮ϸѪۣѪ׹䣬̫ިĿ͸Ƥë
ܻۣεĹƣϮ֮
ָһѪ˿й䣬ڰУ̫ި䣬Ѫл۳ɳڿ֮ʱȫ.š
Ǳڴ˵ڽӴѪ֮ѿһ϶һ̣϶ϸС϶
ڣöǲظһ鿪Ƭ
Ϊʹ෭ţȫľ̫ިҲˤڵأȹմ
㵽˭˻ŭô֪Լںδ
̫ި̫ިԵվڵľʵ˵ϺãѪȾ˰£ϴСС˿ڣԼ
ɵؿвܿƵ⡣
̫ިһĿȻһһգСɽսǧӣ


159 
ǿЦȳѪ, ϶˵̫ި˫񣬡һȺϰˡΪһȺɱ, ǿЦ
ڽԣСɽսĵ, ׷Լ壬ǲֵ÷еϰˡ
̫ިСɽսʱ, ֻÿЦ
˻αΪɽҲֻһ, һ㣡ϣ˻ϵ
ϣҲֲ̫ިƽѪѶ£Գü
ȾѪİ²֪Ϊ˾ͺ, Ʒ׼ߵķ, ڶɽٴצҲѾ޷ԭ
Ѫһε׹, ̫ިȥ˽Ϊ˸ĴҲС
ɽ֮, ԭù̾, ڴʱɱ, ˡ
̫ިСɽһ, Ρ
, סСɽıɿա̫ިϴ𼸷ּڽЦ⡣
ʵڲϲ֣Ϊ, Ҳϡ
ˮˮµö̫ިתΪ
ֻöƫƫ֮Դмѣ꣬ҹޣҲ
Եվڵһڶʿʱ̫ިֻؿԼǰ
꣬Ǳνϣ޸ĸӣΪ΢ʱΪԵɶ
̫ިվǻ̤Ѫ׹ǣһȥ
˭Ҳ뵽Ϊ΢һλһͳߡ
̫ިӲԼʲôˣνаڰסȻ飬㲻¾̤ΪΡ
Сɽţһбˡ
̫ިƽ˫Ŀһײ飬ڶɽٴԾǿ
̫ި⣬̧֣ǰͺ̵ӿڡ
ѪҺһ̷岻ܿƵͣڿУʹ˻
̫ި۱ɫӿƺת𣬽ʶʲô˻رԴ
㾹ȻõرԴ
£ڵѪҺ̫ިٿ»Уڴ̴޴оŭɫһ˲ԭϢҲһȫ
֮ɽٴأʹ䡣
̫ިһѪסǿסΡۣƽڷӿϢ
ڻɽԳΪͣӦϢʧɫ
ʥˣ
˭ɵġΪڶɽϵĴֶֻ壬˭ɱʥ
ǵǵģǽ֮Լֵȥδӡ
һȻȺԳΧϣʱȻʲôѡ
һߣԼõĻ²δ׷ԼԳȥȻ뿪׷
භҲûеתǰȥһϢֻڶɽٳڣΪɽٳڵʿɱ˽أ˷ʤˣҲȻ񻯡
ص˥ԣǼ£ζŷȨϡ
£Ȼðŷȥء
ڻ£ܱҲȥɽʿοֻнˣŲڴս֮׷ס֮¡
Ƕػ䡣
ǲǸɽٳڵʿˣ
ΪԽߣԽ׶սԽѣδʤء
ʥȻ䣬ٶȥܾˡ»ͷ
ۻʥ䣬ѵûֱʣ
Ȼ⣬ص䣬ʵ֮⡣
ҲǱˡ۲ת⣬ʥڣ˵λãӦֵ󻤷ô
Цһԣˣ
ˣܱȽһˣҵá߹һЦǵ˰ȴԽʥսʤˣȻҲֽɱˣ˳µˣҲóͷһڶ
ãԥ
»ˣԶš
Ůɽ𣬽лºɫ䡣
ͻأƮҶƬڴʱɱȻ
̫ިһȹȹ˳ȾȫȻվһս
̧תҶ⣬Իµ֣³֮󣬱ŵڷһ֮£֮ϣ
²ΪⷬĿ̫ިɨתǧصͷһ
΢գȴҲ⡣ô꣬ǽթǷ顣
ֻΪצ̫ިϮڶҲ붯
ԲͬĹ̫ިܣл˿ң˲Ϣ֮屻͸Ҫˤ˵档
˿ұĿһ磬ͫ΢ʶȥ
²һ㣬΢
һս̫ިƲᣬµҩʱ֣ҲδռϷ硣
ڻ´ɽۻʱ䶸һӰ֮㣬Ϯ
ԭ㣬ǰ̫ި˿ҲѾɽзĶ
һѶذĿһ磬޴ɶ㣬ֻ⡣
ϢһŮһĳڵϹ˼ȦǱľګɣȴԨ
ŮʧȻ
ôҲû뵽ԼصŮڲ÷Ը֮ʱԳ֡
ҪǣһֱΪŮֻжڵΪչֳʵѾڶ۷壡
в𱻱ѵķŭôң
ŮǸεؿһۣٴȥ
£ŭȻ֪ȥľګͨŮǻεĸ
ʢŭ֮£һϮ
ת֮⣬ɫʱҲûбѡˡʾ⣬¾ʱһйȥ
·սţ̫ިĿвɴɵʲôʱ򣬲߷˶ԼصŮ


160 
ڻ³ֺ, İ˱Ѿע
ǰһ£ڵ滯ΪԭΣĶҲŮŵĶذϾͿ˶, ִţлڣʱ, ҲӰĶ
⣬Ȼ򲻹ӡֻ, ŮȴԸ, ǰ
һ֮߶, Ů֪ʹһ, ŤɽܵĽǶ, ٴס
类, Ů˳ȥڵϷȦ, һʱû
Ѿˡ
֯˿Ϯ, һһ˿, ֮, һֻֿǰ
̫ިת, ڶɽʿк, һ, ɶ, صڵϡ
ع۶ϣ·һλʹࡣ
ŮԭľګϺȻֳĹ, ѾڷŲ۶ϣȫ飬ҡ
ȫԼΣ𣬲еذ׻ʯ֮䣬Ѿǰ
עŮþʣذĿһ硣
ŵؿǾŭ֮ɫѾ̽Ѫ⣬ƴȴ޼£Ȿȫ
ϣԭӦûκ֪£
λһֻɵĻɫǣһһɢ
ڴͬʱ̫ި̧֣һɢ֮𣬿дŤ˻
ɽʿЩֶβ֡
ŮǺ⣬ڳ
дѪڵŮƬ̣Ȼ˻ߵشЦһûбᡣ
ڱˣ
ȷѾò¿ŮıӰ¶Ȼ֮ɫ
ԭֻǸˣױַѧһ־ټʮ꣬ȸ֦ӴһǧǰȨ䱦ֻΪܲһЦ
ʱʢҹԸΪ檣һӡַŮҲֻһҵݣõĳ·²Ը⡣
иɢַգյͻȻʻ£ԸԸߡ
˶ã»ܾǰܾҹǰ㡣
´Ӧˡ
Ϊϲɢޣ֮أŵģν.
˾խľܾãǴҪͷ֮УȻҲȨʤˣֻЩˣΪһŮ档
ڣΪʿη已Ȩơ
ɢ޺ǻϲҲϲ»;һ¡
²ɢ룬ҲܾΪ£ֻδ
ٺ
ٺиʿ˻µòҪɢ޽׸ʱֻʿ¸Ҳδͻơ
Ϊ˻ߣԱ𵤡
¾úЦý׳ȥģʵ⣬Ҫȥ̸Ժ
ָմһȡ
һգö̵Լſƾɫգ˰̺بϣǿн˺ѿ
һ򲻺ãǲЩۼֻ󲻻ǵ
󣬻Ϊͻƣ˷պһɫĽҲУʱ£ΨһµĺۼҲֻһԼֻµ̺ˡ
ô꣬¼ҪǲǸɢ޵òֱһգٵŮǰơ
ԭǼǵġ
ΪԵʣ¼˹˵ŮŮʱͣڱ
Ů֣ҲǻȡģǸΪɢޣһ֡
ӴŮڻ߳󣬵Խ̵УΪŮʵͬŮһ㡣
ҲΪˣ´ʱŻᾪŭӣô꣬ϰ˱ѣǻˣҲǣ
ŮֹסЦ˵ϥߵף˴ףŮڣֻɱĸ𲻵ò𷣣
²ɱǴջᣬԼ֪ʱܱɱĸ֮
˴ʱλס
ŮԼߵŮ̫ި
̫ިڻǰǷʵ˵Ůġ
ǰڻֺ֮󣬼̳λõģŮŮΪ֮ȹ˳ģ
ͥУŮڳҲãڳҲգΪص壬ض֪̫ި˵ʲô
Ůߵ׵ĶأϺֳܿϣ¿һĻȴκβ
пԭҲŮ
ЩҲΪ˲£һ㣬𲻼ƽ˷šµͷŮԳ
ŮĿ⣬һʹ
֮ң
»֣һŮڼͷһƳϿ
ѻɫķ˿ɢڵأ¼žŮͷ£ᡣ
ʲôҲû˵ֻߵס
ûл£ܻգΪȻԼѡǾͱеӦеĺ
ӲĿƿתͷ̫ިŲߣʵ
ʵڲá
䣬ɽٽվûڴˡ
̫ިֶȹΣɫɽᰣҪл»
ĿؿҴ澫Ⱥߣʻ̬֮
̫ިʱһˣȴδ·硣
䣬۷壬˷ˡŻ£
²ɳĬһ˲̫ި˵ò
㵽һС
ã̫ިǰͷ컨£𣡡


161 
, ֮£ƬԣӨ
쿴, Сɽɽڣеߣϲ
, Ȼ۾֮ȴ
ҪǽʦʦȥˣٲóѪãŮ˫۷Ź⡣
һСƿѪҪüʯ, ֱضź, ǿһʯЩû¿ˮ
һ, һŮ, ̲ס, ΪȻǶ߰
Ҫȥ, ֪˭˭ء
ȵȣˣ
СɽڱҲЩ, ˵Ľ
, ȥˣ
֪ûǼǹȥô
֪ͨ½ʦ, ҳˣ
ಢ֪ԼѾСɽӶ, Ϊɽ֮ǰ, ǰΡ¥, ϲɸºЦ⡣
ި֮ʱ, ˴ľïʢ, Сɽ²ȼˣΪɽţصشƭ˲
񲻹, СɽȻѾ˹ģ
̧ǰһ̣ķͻȻ
½ƿڶִִĻռǣֹǰСɽ壬еӣ룡
ŽԼΧסСɽӣһʱԡ
ͬʱɽйڣڵڣڽֵܱ꣬Ȼ֮ɫʵ޼
غɽٴܵϢȻʧӶȥǾѾ
֮£ǾǰߵĿԸߣȺնɱɽٴ֮ʵһĴָ
Щ֮غİΣɽٴĴڱĵλϢϢء
Σ漰Σ֮¡
ĵѳ֮УֻҪô㹻㹻ѵĴۣڳЩ岢ⱳλʥ
û㹻ĺôǸڽҲ㲻
ػţжɽڵĴڣǱκСһˣͬɽپҲˣô֮󣬷ܾͻᱻײʳϷ֡
̧ͷϷʼһδĻ£Ŀζ졣Գйģǻ¡
Գ֮е׷ʲôͬʲôϵ
뻨½õ廹ã׷غʱķҡ
ǲѹֵͳգǳЦʼպ޿˵ЩʲôĴ㣬ܸŮȴӰ
м屻»Удżŭ֮ɫȻǲһˣֱѡ
ʱǰڲμӴѵķϰȻڴˡ
θߴڰ಻סվ׵Ļµ㽫Ǿڴ˴ʲô˼ʥںδ󻤷ںδ
ǵеļʿ֮һҲΪˣ㹻ĵʻ¡
ʱֵʱˣЦЦؿ꣬˿徿
ֲε񣬱壬Ʋġ绨һӸλҲ֮١
ǷֵֺʩЦ㽫ڴ˴ѵ뱳ʥıô
ں̱Ӧͣ»㾿ʲôѵв֮ģ
Ϊε϶Ÿͬɫвѿ
µĿɨڳЦˣãλҲá
仰ʱ˼µǲơ
Ż£ΨʥǷ֮
ϴЦ⣬
΢µĻ͸¶һҪϢţ˵
󻤷ҲڣҲ
ɵؿ£Ψú
˺ۺبϣŻµЦݣԽԵÿɲȻλˣҲʱˡ
仰ڣڶʱΪ֮һ
ǱΪ˻ǳΪˣԭˣ
ŲԶʿʶ񣬺οɽйЩ徳ڻ֮ϣǼϸ΢Ҳ
˵ĿⶼͶ⣬УŮһȹѻ㣬ɽŮ
Ů̫ިһɫӰӣûʲôڸСڷµҩѾתٿȥκ
Իµ飬ŮпԭѡΥԼ󣬻±Ὣ
ڻô꣬ŮҲףԼҲܻصߡ
ǵ̫ިҪǰСɽʱӦˡ
̫ިϢ˿ΪǳڶĬؿ
塭
˭
վʻµ꿴̫ި壬Ҳ̸ˣ
̫ިĿϣ΢һ䣬㲻ܿƵˤ˳ȥ
ڵǽϣڵأһʱ
ڶɽʿѹ˲Ϣ֮ϯɺһ͡
ŮǶɽʿ
̫ިڷߺޣиżɫڱ˵ģʵ
ǡ̫ިڣǰԶСɽϳ̫ިڡ
Сɽţ̫ި
֣İɽڵĽΪˣʹСɽһ۴ܡ
Ϊڴս֮ˣ֮䣬򱻸ʳϷ֡
̫ިͻƶɽ֮£Ѵ򣬱Ͼһɽٵĳ֣ľơ
ʱڱչعΪôɽʿһһ˫۾ڱš
ѵʥ󻤷ǰϣ
վô
ֻǷͷ漴־ޱȻԸš
̫ިͻƶɽٲãǶɽڵĴϸˣҲɽٵСǣ
Ϊ󻤷Ҳɽ٣ѵ˼꣬ȲһСô
̫ި̧֣ѪǱȻڴ֮ڣڳϲϢϤˣʥء
Ա߻һͷ޴ʬɫƤëȾ˰ѪϢ
󻤷һͷ
ԭڽͻȻס˲ӣ밲
ʥ󻤷ȻϣĲ²棬忴̫ި鲻Խһ
òɫ΢΢𴽽ǡ
վ̫ިһ񣺡£ϡ
˶˼ѾԣȻ˳̫ި
ʬڵУѪ֮ŨأɽڵĴϢҲ㹻ľ
ǣ̫ިС
Ƭ̳ź̫ިϡ
̫ިնɱʵʸΪˡ
Ⱥһһ쳹ڴ֮Уҵȼϡ



162 
ʦ, ʵڲ˼Ӳʶ㣬дᡣ½ƿ´żǸһ, ڿòʶԭǸ
Ϫɣ½ƿ¾̫ި֮ʶ
ŵϮ, ѵ״ҲܿӸ֧Ԯ
׷Ѫǰʱһ棬ĸ̫ިŶΪ, Ȼ֪̫ިн顣
Ѻ, ͸İˣСɽ޵, Ҳ
Σ, ˲ɶ˿
Ҳǽ, Щʱ, ̽Сɽʵڲ١
Ѱިģ֮ǰѶ, , ˼աСɽɽһ, δ֪̫ިϢ, Ȼ˲²⡣
˵, 𽼸˶һ, , Сɽڶ, Ϊ̫ިڱչع̾硣
ʦ㾹Ȼ¸λʦ֣ǵȷѣ𽰵
δ顣ѶҶ¿, ĿϣЩơ
ڹԼҰײ˵ҪҶ´ɫʵЩѡ
δģȴزҶ¶̬Щһʱ벻ҶΪҪˣֻܽʰ
˰ݼ࣬һ֮ҲûжСɽ񷱶࣬ǶиԵҪæײС
Ҷ׼ԴСɽһߣݣСɽҲضܻʲô
ΪʧҶ뻨ʱϣȻʽҲ٣½ƿºˮӯӯڣѾСɽеġ
û뵽꣬СɽѾ˹ģ࿴¥֮Сɽӣ̲ס̾
Ҷµɫºһ˲ûިҲڵСɽ
Сɽʱ϶дһܹԼ̳еͳĵӣѪսб˽ܳɾͽյСɽ
ûСɽĻԶɳ֮£޷ػ˼䡣
ͷΪܵ¡
Ϯͷ¶һĨǳЦ
Ҷ⿴飬ջ۲Ϊ
Ҷʦ֣ơԥһ˲¡
޷Ҷ²£ԶƽȻУΪСɽЩ£ǵķ
̬Ⱥ̹Ȼ
飬ҽҲСɽΪҶΣƵȬΪȴ޷ָ
ûΪިģҲʰ㡣ҶջĿ⿴࣬
û뵽ͻȻת˻⣬ϸɫګګҶʦ֣֪˰
ҶΪިϲ㡭
˵ЩʲôѾˣǲܿƵظ߸ިϲ
ϿɵЦҶ³˳ǣ֪ΪЩ
ӱģһġ
ڻعҶǰָ
Ȼިϲ㣬Ǻˣһ˿һģڵӣҺСɽŹ㡣Ҷɫ΢䡣
ʦڣСɽʦػި
һݣɫҶʦַģһިõģ
Ҷ˵ǽިĹϵʵǼ໶ϲ֮¡
ϲ̫ި˱Ҳߵˡ
Ҷ±û˵ʲô໰˵̫ࡣ
̫ިٲʱСɽסѡһ̫ި֮أ֪֮ǰҶٴθС
Ψ֪̫ިͬϵҶº飬Ƕ飬ڵڣ˶¡
Сɽ⼸գҲûţ˳ΪСɽ˼ÿΣ٣Ͼ߸ʦҲǰеġ
˵౾вСɽǰΧۣδûлŴϸЩϧϵ뷨Ѫۣɶֵʯ
Ϊ̫ިѣڶӳڶʦ𾴣źط뷨ȻܻһԭǸ򲻹ࡣ
Ϣüձ㴫СɽҶµ֪ĵӶ˿
̫ި֪ҪȥɱǻǿƲסΪġ
ҲǵʱСɽӲ֪̫ިѳأǰѰ
ɽ٣նɱɽڵĴʵʵڽľ
ǰСɽһս㹻ڱЩڵΪֵЩġ񣬷ûκС̫ި
ʱ䣬ȻܴӻɳΪɽٴܣƿ¡
Լδгһգڴ˴
ԭСɽĸͻȻǲ֪ԼѴ֮ܽµûᡣ
ޱ޼ʵϣ⼸䣬м֮ơ
Ʋһȣ̫ިվޱѻ೤ɢڷУ鵭
ڶ棬вǻ¾񣬶һ֣鷳Ի鷳塣
û뵽շ죬ȶ¾̫ި£ҪصشƫƧСɽ
ڶݵȻ֮󣬻ѡ񽫷е鷳̫ިߡ
̫ިԻµΣԼ뿪֮󣬱㱻¶Ȩλô
Ψ̫ިͻԼλ£Իµ飬ֻҪ㹻ǿ±һб֮١
¥ڳǰɽּƣɾ
̫ިŮЩ⣬ԭΪһƬ֮ءʿԣʵ̫̣ۿԼСɽڶ̶䷢չ˵ز
гǿϢɢʮѹ֮С
ܵͷѹ̫ިûлͷѹкʱѹޡ
ʦˣСɽɽڣеӸе
ʦ㣡
Ǵʦˡ
̧ͷһ˲Ȼһ̣Ȼʧԭء
ɽۣŮͣסŲ
ި
м˵˼ԼǰʱȴֻǱʲôסһ㡣
ࡣ̫ި汳£¶ǳЦݡ
ʱҲ˲Լʲôɽбǰ֡
һ̣ҹˣС


163 
׷, ڸ֪ϤϢ󣬱ɽ۸ȥԽԽ, ֳϲ֮ɫ
ʦˣ
ѱŵߵߣʦ㡣
̧ͷߵջĿ⣬һЦʦܡ
öã½ƿ¡Ҷ¡ˮӯӯˮʮȺ󶼵, ԣɬһЦձֳССС
ʱ, ﻹץһöҪ, Żŵûɣ
¥ϣصûС
, մ˺ڻ, һ, Ǳ, ըˡ⸱ģҲ, ΪȫµķĻ·, ը˵ѾǼҳ㷹
˫, 绢, Ȼ
ԶԶ̫ި, ϶¶ϲɫ, Ҫӭȥ, ǰȴһӰ֡
ûǷӦ, Ѿǰֱס̫ި
΢΢ۣһûʲôҲ¶ɫ, ˵ˡ
̲סڣ̾ʦҲұǲ
ֻһ̣Ҫʦӷˡ
Ҳͬ뷨һϢϢϢ
ʦΪʲôûƿ
ܲҲȥʦ㣿̽ſڣȻʦûƿʦ֣Լôʦܣܸñʦֺһɡ
ĬȻһ˲º͵ؿһۣûǲҪ
½ƿ²̫ףΪʲô
ϵ¥̲סڣΪ̸ᱻ¿ߵġ
仰ӳѧģ¥ʱǳǡ
ʲô
ͬĿͬʱͶ¥ѵܵ˹עֱЩڽ˵̫졣
ʦʦ֣ЩƲסԼı飬֮ǰûԡ
ȻȻʦ˻ʦ㡭
ʦãɲ˭ϵģһ̣˵뷨غˡ
ǾñʧأЩ֣Ƕ֪
ǵȻ֪е
仰˵ֻܿЦȻһƬºͣӵ̫ި࣬пԼˣǿǰ䰡

˵Ȼ޷ܵڳ˵ͬȵĿͶ̫ި࣬
ޱضıӰ˫΢ע⵽飬¥̲ס˿˻ȥ
ʱ򣬻ǲҪˡ
ԣɿ̫ި֣Ȼǲܵġ
ʦ㡪
ǰֻطſŮ̫ͬިñط˷ܣûʶԼϵĿ⡣
̫ިķǰȥã˱ӵ̫ިȥ౻ؼһߡ
صɽУع̫ިоȿֺ˵СɽЩʱշ֣û˵Ļᡣ
ʱʲôûҲδ̫ٶˡ
Сɽ㷴ӦҲ⣬ϾУ̫ިλ⡣
ҹа˽ӷ磬׼˲Ϻõơ
̫ިþƣһҹȴԼ˲١
˸Ǹɴ˾ףž̳
û˻ǰǳսжңвСɽͻڽС
Ϊ˱֮ľ˯ҶΪϣ̫ިԨ޾ˣ˵Сɽ߶սЩ
Щǻն֪СɽӣΪסɽսˣɱѪȾսֱգ𽶼һмǵ
ڣǳսĽȻ䣬սСɽӣڵ԰Ϣ
Һ̣𽱧ž̳˫΢΢졣ǵЩԼսĵӣҴ棬࣬Ѿڵ¡
ǧͷʲôҲû˵ֻǱž̳ʹ
СɽͷϵУѪڵ˽ᡣ
ʱûٶ˵ʲôǶ顣
죬˴Ѿòʡ¡
ûⳡ磬ֻʣ꣬ǺȲ˾ƵģʧΪҶǳüҲ˳
ſϣ죬лסȡ
˵ţס̳һȱڵϡ
졭Ҳɴ¡
̧ͷŵ£૵ڱˡ
ΪҪܾãҲ
ǶɽڵĴ㾳ʿ޼ǿΪ߱ϡ
겻ֹһμ£ֻǴǰδС
ǰߵ˺
֣㵹һأ
ڶɽӣ£ƵڤǿŷЦ
࣬ϧʵڵ͹ľԼòᡣ
кãµûü˵ʲôѾȥ²֪
ˮӯӯˮʮѾԭΣֻөˮĸ̯ڵϣﻹž̳һʤſϣɫ졣
һԣ½ƿºҲѾ߻ء
һѵģҲֻʣ̫ި¥ˡԼ¥Ψһûˡ
˲֪٣ɫȴ糣ף̫ިңңһǳΪŵģ̫ިԶϯλ
ҪõЩʦʦõϿɣףҹֻǸʼవ̾Ϣȴδй¶ֺЦ̫ިյоҺһ
㣬ң˳δ˵Ļ
̫ި΢ȣףͬһ
һĻ¥ȻЩԼľˣһȥٲࡣ


164 
ҹɫܺá¾, ̧ͷ⣬ɫˮʯ̾͵̨һͱɴ
̫ި˳Ŀ⿴ȥ, δԳ⣬ֹ֮ƽն˼֮⡣
ֳŲһ, ѻ೤䣬Խĵ÷֬
˵Ŀնϣһкڲ֮С
¥һĻ, г̾һ, ôиѵĴ, ܲ΢˼һ飿
ʱ, ǺѲ˾Լࡣ
, Ŀɨι״˺, ̫ިȻǶˣǻط
̫ިδ, վ, á
ע⵽¥, Ц¥ʦܿҪһ
¥ֲǰ, ȻӦ, ɿҾ, лʦֺ⣡
Цøº, , ̫ިȥ
뿪ıӰ¥ɹ˹ǣʦ˵ò, ǿȥȷǰ䡣
ϣ֪ܵʵڲףţҲ
ʦܣȣӵĵž̳Ψһվŵ¥
¥ϵЦʱʧˣȻʶʲôһܲô
Ȼǲܵġ
¥̾һؼԼ˹ĳꡣ
ΨһĺϢԶеӾӣԼڸ֮ر
еˣѵʱ鷳˱鷳ˣһҹ¥ޱ̵ʶһ㡣һһ˺ͻظôĵطǱǸձһ١
½ǽӡǳŲߣҪٺߵģ¥ӦʱѵȭͷҪܽӴðˮʮߺˮӯӯƲ˶أ¥⧲˸ţϱ˲ٽⶾҩûɲҰ
֮ҪʵڲǼ׵£¥鲻ԽػԼʲôҪĿࡣ
ÿնеǰͱ棬Ϊź״ӵ棬ǵý˶ͻȥ
˴ҹֻʣˡ
Ůſϣƺ̬֮༸ʵں̫ࡣ
¥ͷķһ˲
ʱ̧ͷĿԣлż⡣
ʦã¥̽
𽿴һۣɨܣʦ㡭
ʦôڡ
˼ΪЩ磬ʦ㡭
¥ַסˣε֪ϲʦ㣬ϧѾͷˡ
˵̫ިĹϵʱ¥оҲ١
̫ި飬˺ϲ˭ľ磬Ҳ벻ʲô˲վߡ
֡
תͷĿҪһҲͷ׸Сɽ
⻰˵¥ЦãˣЩ»ֱʮ
߰ɣȥһϣǹˡ
û˵ŷסԼ꣬ãȻһ¥
¥ʶؿ˵ʲô

¥̲ס˳ǣԭ
ʱٴοڣҲǰ𽡣
þеİ𽡣
ֻǸþѡ
֪¥صҵȻ֪𽣬ʲô𽡣
𽱾Σǳþ¥һΣЩ㱣ôùȥѾ㹻ѻþӰ졣
𽣬ǰʵ
¥Ц˫۳䣬ֺ硣
Ŀ⣬գգۣ͵͵Ŷһͷ
¥ߺǲ㹻ཫ·ɫ۵ףȻҲ¥Ե߳Ӱ
żˣ÷˸գĴʵںࡣ
಻ЦިҪʦá
̫ިȻҲˣž̳еһھƣƺ⣺Ҳ
Ҳ
¥Ǹ¶¥΢ȥ
¥΢徭ȴѰʿ죬½Ҳ˹ڡߣȴûа취ıʲô
Ϊ촦¥΢Ĺżδҵķȴ֮Դ΢
ΪԼԴ޵֮ЩܾԼɻ֮Ī¥΢û뵽ǣȻ޷Լ΢
֮£¥΢߻ħԴ˰񲡣
ɽм˱¥ʦͽһΪɽлʮꡣ
ò˵ڰʦ˳¥ҲʵںӲ
꣬¥ưܵéҵһ΢ڷԼ޷֮¥΢㽫ͬһڴˡ
ǿ¥˳塣
¥ʮ꣬¥΢;ƿݣ֮ʣڻָ
֪Լĵ΢˼ְοԭԼϰ࣬ù
¥΢¥֣ҪӦԼ΢սʢʮ֤΢ǿ
Ƿţ
ҵʮعǲʢʮ֮һ
¥׿ڸ̫ި˵ģΪλǰȥսԭ
ǰû̫ި𽱻ҴӾƭأԼסʮع
ɱ¥ȥԼ˫ĿƯ룬żΪһûܰĻ
һΣ̫ިĲ֣˱Ҳصһһäĸޡ
һһжиý֡Ǻ̫ƣ̫ިԼ˼ƮƮڿУ䲻ʵţᡣ
֮ʱ˵Ļ
תͷʵأ
¥ӰȻԶǺ֮£ֻʣˡܺȻֻ÷ι֦ҶĸO@֮
ġ̫ިĿ⣬ϻЦƶ
ֺǼ򵥣ȴӿ˽̫ިЩߵʱգ㹻˽顣
˵ֵʱ򣬼ŵˡ
ѹõ˼һ̾ӿͷкܶ໰˵ֻǵߣ㶼հס
ǰǱ׾ࡣ
Һ㡭ҹɫУ໨ãȴֻ˵⼸֣ü
̫ިˣú̧꣬ע⵽΢΢Ķ⡣
ʵѾ̫ި˵ˣȻûʶһ㣬Ϊֻζѡ
룬ڽ˵һ㣬޵ݵˡ
Ǿ̫˷õɫˣǲ˵ˣ̫ިȥ۵Щ΢⡣
ǲ⣬ΪٸߣҲġ
һ̫ި̳Ҫҵľƣ
෴ӦеҺ
ȵϢɨ䣬ŵ˶̫ިϢɽ˪ѩ롣
ʴҺУ࿴ߵݣкһƬհס
ľһܺãֻھȴ⡣
ڷӦһֻ̫ިϣһֲֻԾץס󣬼ǡ
Ƭβ֪ʱ̫ިȫȦ໳С


165 
̫ި, ǳ˯˹ȥ
䣬鰲Ȼһֻʮָ, һֻֻž̳ҹ紵ڽȥ, β
⼸䣬ԼԭεĿѾյ㹻Ӧ֣ϧ̫ިǰ˹
ϾҲֻٶѡ
Щ΢, ˿ھ, ÿƽ̫ިطʱҪ˵Щʲôٴʱ, ȴԼԭƻõĻ
Ͳ˵ʲô, ֻҪԼ, һо㹻ˡ
๴𴽽, һھƣ̫ި, ¥, ֹ͸Ȼ, òʢ, ¡
Ƿ, ׾, ܲɷ, Գ繡
̫ިĵӾںδ, ΪֻһԻصСԺ֮УûС
ŻŮ, ໺ǰŲŵú
̫ިУ˳ĽͶһƬӰ˯հȻȫ޷
Ȼ룬ʱͣһ̣ٺò
ɫᣬͶ³Ӱӡ
ƿţȻ¹ԴͶ룬ڹ߻мֻ谵һԿǽϵķˮһ
Сĵؽ˷ϣһѩ¶ϸúһ۾Ͷϡ
İ̺ϣûУ಻ĿһӦǽղܵˣ˵òᣬԶɽʿǿȣ޷˺ۡ
˴ӺζʵҲѲ£ǶɽڵĴ̫ިɱĴҲС
֮ǰ̫ިϢȫȻ糣δ͸κĶǾñطϲãҲû뵽һ㡣
һУΣϣɻС
ԥһ˲ûн̫ިֻסעһ
ԼΪ̫ިδԵʣ˳Уδų⡣
ߣϢ֮䣬Ρ
˿ڶȬµļ˺ۣٹձȫָһۼΨҼһ˼ǣƻ˿ڣܶʼҲδָܻ
ٹգ̫ިǿȣȻָ
ҽޣ˿ڲҪվˣӲıصСɽûиϾ
ԥһ˲ȥ̫ި¶Ҽ硣
ȻѪ˿ɲһɱҵŰ
ϷˣȴӦ˳ʱӦȱչ˲ǣ
һ̣̫ިۡ
֪̽Լεʱ̫ިѾ˹䲻Щϰ衣
ǲ䱸ͶҲ֮ɫ
⧲Ŀ⣬ʶջ֣֪ΪЩ顣
Щִٵؽ͵뿴ˡ
˵ţ̫ިҼ磬üͷԾؽ塣
̫ިֻС˰ˡ
üͷøˣСˣѻָˣ
̫ިѵü¶ɫƫƫͷЩ֣
ûУֻǡ򴽣̫ިĿаðɣҵȷЩ
ΪΣ̫ިĲס
ϵδãΪʲôң࿴۾ʵ
ˣ㲻ΣʮռȻҲָܻ̫ިص֮⣬ⲻС˰ˣἰ
̫ިԣֻҪˣһɿСˡڵΪٶȺܿ죬ѰС˱㲻鷳ˡ
̫ިϰˡ
ϰˣϰ˹һ˿ڡ
ިʦʦ֪£֪𡣡೤̾һֵ
ҲΪʲôûһʼͷһ㡣
ǰԭʲô
ཫָ̫ި˿ڣ˿˿ƵȺӿڣ
ި´ˣԸô
̫ި̧Ŀ⣬ԼҲ˵ϰ˹һˣ˵ȴ޲á
Ȼãڿڣá
ҲϰߣԼѾǹһˡеĻϲʹ࣬һֵ
õ𰸣ЦǲһģҲˡ
˯һɡһָֻ̫ި˫ۣ
ܸܵ۽ĺϡ
̫ި˫ۣ⣬߳˯ȥ
ڶգһУɫ½ǡ
Ŀϣܿ齱ߣһֻ̫ިգͷڽյ˫ԣŤƴһ
̫ިۣ˫ĿΪĹ΢΢һأһ̣͸ܵ߱ƽһϢ
ִȣֻల˯齱ߣδ
ҹΪ̫ިˣķ˲
̫ިûн΢΢ָ̧֣ⴥ
һ뱩¶УһӰһƬȻƯ΢һкǡô
̫ިָ£
ˣĿԣ̫ިһЦ
ܿԼˣβϲ
ި࿪ڣβƴҡš
̫ި۵ֳЩ΢Ц⣬̲ס°ĳźţ൱˹
У˽һǡ
Ϊ£̫߳ިĵӾʱϴűƽոʢֵЦ⡣
ʱѾ磬Сɽɽڲٵ࣬㶼̧񣬲ķĿż־ɲ
ºӦʼմЦ⣬ǲδע⵽
СɽӿıӰһʱĬ
ڣżһɿڣƬţɰͰ͵صûɡʦָոգǴӴʦĵӾӳġ
ŮһԼ
ԶУ漴ʹ
Ůı飬˵ͷͷö֮һ˦ɷнµ˵Ρ
ʦǴӴʦĵӾӳģ
ǴӸʹˣû˽ȥѵʦִҹ͡
Ȳóiϵͬţû뵽ʦԭʹʦĹϵ
֮ģ˻١
᲻ˣ˵ʦڳҹʹʦڽĵãǶͼҳһֽ͡ǰվԼʦ㣬һҹô鵤
i̲ס˸̸ۣһҹĵãҪ಻¶
ʦӦûɵزɡ
Ůͬؿһۣ֪ΪʲôҲû׷ʦˡ
Ƕϲ֮ɫΪʲô
Ϊһϣ̸ĵá
ǶͷˮãȻѵӦúһŶԣ
Ů̾˿żҡͷԶˡ
ʦ־СһɵشʦĵӾ߳ڰʾȨֻò˶ãСɽ¶֪ʦĹϵˡ
ܽʦ㶼յ֣Сﰡ


166 
໨һҹ, Ϊ̫ި˿в֮һµҩֻһձܾת
, ̫ިͬһ˵ҽ塣
ˣ麬Ц˵һҹľƣѵȱΡ
̫ިͷżһ, ޴󰭡
Ŀ֮ѲпǰҪ¶ź, , 볢Ҳûа취
ʧǣ˵Ⱦ, ѰҩҲá
鲢ʲôֵ˻, ܿСɽ, ûźˡ
ǧ, Ȼ䣬Сɽȷмֻ
֮ʱ, ̫ިʼǧ, Сɽطḻ, һʱҲǲ, Ӧصҽһ顣
Ҳҵǧ, ŻᴫѶ̫ި
̫ިҽҩ, ;ӡ
ʹ, ЩӵĿ̫ިϡ
, СɽϵϢúܿ죬գ˼չ޵ĵ, ඼֪һ磬ǴӺδ߳ġ
ѵҪʦˣ
̫ިڵϣ͵ĶҲ̫󣬱˵ʲôҲֻûеӵۡ
̫ިֻǲУҲδһȴ˸оһֲͬѰܡ
⿪ؽƣʱкΪʹڴ˴ҩҩԲʧ͡
ֻӳһɢźϻϷǰ
齫ϻ򿪣һָֻѩ֩뾲УɢҪһ籩
ǧ
ǧо綾ΪⴥҲ붾壬ҪСġ鶣һ䡣
̫ިнӹϻ΢΢ס
û̫ިþ綾ǧʲô֪̫ިԻ˵˵Լǲʸǡ
̫ި
뿪ҽ壬̫ިȥһǡ
Ҳˣ֮ҪȸǲԸκ̫ިߵĻᡣ
ˮ³ǳػֺ޴ɺľһ㳤ڳиʱȺˮιе˻谵ĺˮ
ܼˮ¥ȴǱȤĿɨ£дżζ
пɼӸʤСɽɽš⼸䣬ԭƫƧߵսǱɿһߡ
˵ǽΪˣ̫ިǻû˴
δͬһȥ˳
УΪεԨ޾̫ިǰæһ񣺡ϡ
£ྨˡ̫ިʾ⼸ڱչأϾעΡ
Ԩ޾Ҳ¶һ˿Ц⣺أⱾҷ֮¡οСɽ鷳Ҳ˲١
ǰڷնɱԭʩѹ㶼˼˺㲻׳ʯԱȡ
Сɽ⼸İʯԴġ
İˣñʶСɽ۵ĶСɽҪĴۿԶ
һԭСɽҪúõһɽҪĴۡ
Ҳǲġ
ʱСɽٷʯԴ⣬ڶҸСɽͷ
Щ벻ģ̫ިֻ˶̶꣬ͽ˶ɽ١ѾռСɽõʱ
ԭ岻Ѿɽ٣֤̫ިʵΡ
СɽڶµĹ
ڣΪںϵĴҲССɽ
̫ިȻֻΪ£װǧϻϣƽڣһ£Ҫ뾨
Ԩ޾΢΢һݣлصϾܷԸǡ
̫ިĿ⣬Ƭ̳ĬŻ֪
Ĵ̿֯
Ԩ޾˵ģϾô꣬˵ۺΪֻҪϣһ
̿мأһץסԾ¶κιܡôȻʮݶ׵ľݵ㣬ںδҲûб˷֡
Ԩ޾δҲŹ̿͵ף̫ިΪҪ
ΪӦ˭˰ɣ
̫ިջĿ⣬ϻ֮֡
Ԩ޾ԣüɱ˭
˭޷̫ިĵشֻҪֻǧ
仰Ԩ޾ʱףҪĻɱ˭Դ֡
ϷġȡϻԨ޾ûжʲôֻ̫ިһ֣ء
Ͻĵһ׮£
Ԩ޾뿪ڱֻʣ̫ިࡣ
ǧʲôˣ࿪ڣ˴𰸡
̫ިûзϡ
ȻɣīľɳҲһˡ
̫ި֮ȥȡǧΪɣīҪĶ
ʿԽߣԽãΪˮɣϻȴ˼ʮŮ
ЩŮϻһѪں
ɣϻԴΪˮԴԴϣΪʹĴܣ꣬ˮԳɽ١֮һʯѾ̫ިı֮С
ãʧܵĲдƷɣƳ޷ȥƬɣī볣죬Ѫȱݡ
ҪǧҪ޸ѪΨˣɣīľͻơ


167 
̫ިɣī, һѵȻ˶֪ܡ
ǧɣīĶ
ϧ벻ټ, ǧȴǰֱ̫ިʱ, ɣīҲδѰһֻ
һֻ룬Ѫ֮е⣬Ҫһֻǧɡ
һǧϢ, һֵġҪĶ, ɣī飬Ľ졣
̫ި, ס֮ɫ
ʱĶ಻, ³̫ި, ȴ֪ô, ˭
йء
ިϵڤǳҲת, ިʱͬ˽
̫ިʮ, Ϫϵ, , 
, ȻȫδΥ֮
ƽ, ̫ިԭѧ, ʱ, ȴҶ֣ܡ
ڷ֮ϵ裬ʿܼ, ֮ڣû̵ܽĵӡ
ӳ֮ʱ̫ިϺڣҲδȫɢȥ
Īֻûʧި
̫ިתͷĴɫǳֻõ糺졣
ԥһ˲ŵкδ㣿
һȥȻ֪̫ިлش𣬲ࡣ
仰ԭЩƮȻͷá
ûٶ£̫ިһ߳˵Щ¡
һƬ֣Ϸʱʰ쵵ȺιΪˮ˼ɫ
عͷ̫ި£ڳйһΣ
СɽλʦʦҪ̣ͼΪԼȡһһȨ
̫ިͷӦ
Ȼ֣Դӱ̫ިоܾԼʱ
̽ʳ仰̫ިǰ۴αȵĵ¥ȻҼȻϲ㣬ȻҲ㻶ϲ
ģ㲻ܾࡣ
ϲһˣӦˡ
û뵽ô˵ϲɸ⡣
ϲި˵ϲ
鲻Խ¶ЦȥʵЩɵ
Ļ̫ި˵ȷɵˡ
׽ס̫ިָ⣬ͶĿ⣬֣صҲܻϲ㡣
̫ި΢΢΢ȣ˵֪
Ȼ֪
ΪɷأҲǵòҪ
˽Խ߹ڶɽʿϢ𣬴˴ʶ˭
һգ̫ިһѰĵǰ㣬߹
ɷΣ
𣬺Ц㲻صģħþѲױɷӰ졣
֪ǲǷӡƳ֮ʣ⼸䣬δ̿У绹ͻ˶ɽ١
˼ľ̫죬ҲΪԭ֮һ
һ಻ܿԼΪɷأΪض롣
£²ΪȣΨһĵӣҲܸıһ㡣
״ʦĿġɫж˼ֳǰʱ£Ҳ֪ԼʲôĻΪ
̫ިҲѹĻᡣ
㲻ᡣ̫ިڣĻ
ͣ½ŲԼ꣺㲻ᡣ
ǰǽ˪࣬Ϊ֮١
Ǽ΢΢Щɬި
һգΪɷأʧǣԻ㡣̫ި̧ͷƽȴĪŷ
ʵ𲢲޹֮˵̫ިֹ࣬Ϊϲ㲻ʧʱڵ¡
ؿ̫ިһֽ̧̣뻳С
һ˲£Լ
ҹɫ֮УСľżյƣƻڷҡҷţƺʱȥɫаǵľҺһʱЦ
̨ʪ̦޺۹ʵʵӰĴڱ򲢲棬δκעӡ
ͣڹ̨ߣͷŹ̨ϷʱҲĺһһ
ơ˿ڣǿѹԼɤ
ڴƹһ˫ۣЩͷػصʲôư
Ȫ
ƹоһվֱƿɲ˭ġ
˴ȡһö򣬷˹̨ϣҳļۡ
ʶɨƹϼЦ⣬ԭСһ˫۶ʱзûˣҪ̫Ҫϼգһʿд
龳ʿɲôɱģɲ
һҲʵڵǵ
գǲɣұֻлһң
ƹ񼷳һĵЦֵͷģһ죬һ졣
ýľƿⷬԻЦһʴˡ
ҹɫԽŨһֻӥӹҹɫΪһ壬Է
̶̼ʱڣۣǧΪ۴ɱԨ޾Ϣ͵ɣīǰ
Ҫɱ鼰ʿΪ֮ɣīԾϡȴûƽ׶
ǧɣīָΪЩ΢΢ףôõĶȻ͵Լǰ
ڿϲ֮УҲɣĻôɵ£Ƕɵ顣
ɣīߵߣЩãǧϢһǲӣҪõ
ػ¥ȥҹγǡ˼ãɣīڡ
ŮͷӦǡ


168 
վͨ¥, ϶£Ըҹγһǵľɫ
ϴʱȴǴͬˡɣī̾һ, ϴ׽͸Ц⡣
Сɽעı£̫ިɽٺ, ľƶת䡣
ʵںһλСɽʦ㣬ģƾһ֮, ׽ơɣīֵ, ֪뵽ʲô
, Ů, ֻ¶һ˫ĮۡɣīĻʼûκηӦ, , ɣīҲҪķӦ
һصϢͻأڷУɣīջĿ, ֪ǶŮ˵, , Ѿˡ
һ۽ȫʵʵ, ɣī뷿, ˻, дԲͣһ, ǲӣ
ºαļڼеĺǰ, ɣīȴֻǲɱһʲױ¡
οԨ޾Ͷ, ɱƱػῪһɽٴܡ
ԭҲˣҸ߹˵գת׼ȥ
ɣīıӰ˴˴޿ɱԨ޾
ţһй¶ʲô³ӦҸ
͵ػعͷ˫ضɣīдԶ׼ľŭô֪ҵݣ
ΪʲôҪɱԨ޾Ѿֵزô
ʣɣīֻ̹ȻһЦǲݲԼλ˸ԼСɽҷ£Ҳ󡣲θڣδ̫ˡ
ǰ۵ģԨ޾߽ΪصףԨ޾Σǰǧʯ
ûв©ǽ׵ĶԽԽԨ޾ڲ쳣
ս飬ֻҪ׿ϽʯԨ޾ӦΪһΡ
ϧײԸ⡣
˵ǧʯѾ˲٣ѾԽĶôԸ³
ǰûʱ򣬿ɲأ
˼֮׽ֺȡۣɱԨ޾ǧһ
ʯԴԨ޾֮£ΨЩ֪׶ܶȴ޾
Լʯ֮£ֻԨ޾ֻ֪Ҫһڱضңױ㹻ʱĨƽۼ
ˣԨ޾Ϊδûпȡλã
ǰͻƶ飬У˶ڵԨ޾Ϊߡ
ɣīԼݣ׽αװϢ𣬺µ˫ؿһһš
ͬһʱ䣬վ¥̫ިߵģһĸ顣
ɣīߵģ龳ĴܣѾ㹻֧һСš
ģ㽻Ұɡ赭д˵ҪԸʿѾ㲻¡
ǰ̫ϻͻȻڷѣ棬һ֮ɽ٣λڵλϵľʱͣ
̫ިûж˵ʲô΢΢ףʧԭء
Ǹ֪ΣգһɫӰ¥֮ϣȴûü̫ި׷ȴȥ·
ǵĶ֣ҡ
ϴ糣Ц⣬°ڷ죬£ƵڿеӰ
·֮УڳõĶźȿڣΣ
ɣīжЩЦ⣬׳סڵʱˡ
һΣֹܵõǧΪСɽλЩ鷳
Ҫ֮ʱŮڲ׽쳣ĲʧСģ
ɣīֳȻ漴ѸٷӦ˺
̫ިγУڿòɲǣɫ䣺𣿣
ôѾ㹻СģΪλᱻ֣
ûϾ˼̫࣬׾ֱȥȫȻ̫ިԿͷ
𣬽ɫ¥㻯
ɣīŻŮ
Ī̫ިϾϤһʱȴ벻ɡ
Ůɣīǰ̫ިϮܡڴˣӦ̫ᷢިм֮
ɣīɽȡһ׭עγɵĹܣ߽׷׭ײһǿн˺һ϶
̫ިһӣŮڿһͣܿƵصɶƷڸɫ裬ײǽϡ
ָ΢ɫӿ󷨶ʱ̫ި»ָ
ɣīתӰһˡ
ңң̫ިݣԼʲôʱ
ϡ
αʿǰڣΪѰ
ңֻԸһ¡ɣī̫ިЦڣ۵мԲļɵ
ǵڣ֪һ͵ľ֣ɣīҲûʸˡ
ԻΪ֮λãĵȻԶʤ˵ıԺԡ
ɣīʱǲף̫ި֣ΪʲôѵŶ·죬Ҫ⽫չ£
ɣīԼɻʳڣ̫ިѾ̧֣˳ָ΢΢һ
Ⱥɣī֣ܳʱɽȡ߶̶̼ϢзȺ飬ನ𵴣Ƶɣī˺󼸲סΡ
һ̣̫ިϥһʹɣīֱͦͦعȥ
һ
ԴִԶɽٺڵĸףɣīҲδ
Ůٴ̫ިϮ
̫ިֻ̧֣ٲôͶɽ֮䣬بһǵ
ɫ𣬽ɣīһƬĵŮԭء
׼Σ˫һ̫ިǰߵ
ɣīĬؿһĻ䣬׷ҲھУԼŻûϲ鵽κζߡ
ǧĿվӰԼжϡ
ֻλô֪ԼΪǧˣѵԼߡɣīɫ粻
˼֮ʱཫһŵĶʿӽڣҲӴ˽
˲䣬ɣī̲סֳһƬ裬һɽ١
ʲôʱ򣬶ɽʿҲ洦ɼĴڣ
黤ߣԶɽ٣ӦҲΪɣīȡһӵĻᣬɽʿǰ;κѵĿܡ
˴µؽ˴֪ΪɣīΪڶɽپѹ£ֻܹڵϡ
̧ͷ̫ިɣīЦ⡣λ𣬵ûйԹôΪΪʲô
һ̫ިϤϤᡣ
յĵ£Ѫɱ¾УȥҪ̤ʬǡ̫ިǰһ̻໥ֵˣһ̱ε򣬱ѣƭΪ˻ȥ伫
ҪҲǲɣī̫ިڣ̽
ûȤ
ɣīû뵽Ĵ𰸣£ΪΪʲô
̫ި𰸡
ҪģӸµؿɣī̫ިֻһƬĮȻ
Ҫɣīġ


169 
̫ިĻ, ɣīͫ΢
롭
֪̫ިԼֶȻΪȴδôΪ˻ٵ
ɣīͷ̫ި, ϲδֳ֮ɫнΪõĻᣬȴҪʵ벻, ʲôҪô
ɣīһִѪҲӵĶ, û˱̫ިһ㡣
̫ިĿ, ЦЦԼΪԸ⡣
ɣīŭɫһ, Ҳһ, ԼѾ˵ʲô, Ϊ˵ʲô, ̫ިǰԼõġ
һ, Ĭע̫ި, ԼԵ, ôΪΣ
ިĽ, ƺֻΪݫiɹƴ̿õڤ, ֻΪ, Ӧֵı㡣
ҡܾ, ިƺʶǰ֮, ɣīӦ޽顣
Ĭ˼ǣδ, ɣīĿȴϡ
ڣ˪ࡣɣī࣬г֡
ȼڱչأгǰ̫ި£˱㲻
Ϊ֮ɣīϢͨ
ʲôʱҲͬСɽһˣɣīڣϹζЦ⡣
ֻһɽʿδزΪĻᡣ
˵ҲԱȤ仰ɣīʵò⡣
ܶʱĲֹԼڡ
ԣ̹Ȼص޹أһģި
ŵЦ⡣
ɣī͵ЦˣҺܺ棬Ҫλ
ôȥ˲٣û˳ɹȻʮɫ֡
ῴģ̫ިڿڣг֣вκζɣī
ȻӦۼ֤Լӵ㸲ġ
гʱɣīһɢȥֻʣһƬ׵㵽˭
Ϊλ֪ôԭ֪ܣ
ˮ֪ģҲΪɣϻһˡţͳĴ̿֯Ϲϵʲô¡
ǰɣϻ֧֣ɣīŵ˳
˲֪ĵĸӣˡ
㲻֪̫ިشʲôˣǰδĳҲҪġ
һ̣̫ިϼǰδܵüһ棬֪ΪΣȻԶ
ŲԨ޾һУ̫ިһ񣺡ϡ
ֵ˲䣬ױɫϹϾҹ޾꣬ԼԴɱ¡
ǵʱ벻׷ʲô׾İ׻Щꡣ
һʼͷ޾ûŹԼ˽ʯ£
㾹ұңͷĿ꣬޲ýƤǡ
겢ηĵӣЦصҲ˸飬ģǴԼ
Ϊ˽̫ި°޷죬Ԩ޾ӻ˴ף¶ۼؽɣīƭ
ŭһԨ޾ȴ̫ިһָԭء
˼˾Ԩ޾̫ިͬಽ⡣
ɣī˭ԥһ˲ǿʵ
Ϊި
̫ިҲûĴ㣺ˮɣϻӣΪɣī
ˮͣס˽Ųü
̫ި϶Ĳ²⣬ˮ
Ϊݵһţˮᣬ˼ˮִţüͷø
ֻǣިǴӺζ֪£
࿴̫ިһۣȴûпڡ
㲻ΪʲôƬ̺̫ިȴ˵ĳš
ЦЦصڵԸҵʱ򡣡
һ̣̫ި㱾ãԼǰ࣬Ǹ£һжܰȻ֮ķ˪
ʵǱһˡ
ި㡣
һУһԼԭ
ಢãΪ̫ިͬԼĹϵӦһжԼʰףԭûеġ
̫ިȻƬ̣΢ȡ
˵á
ʱɫԳƵᡣ
˵һ֣㹻ˡ
ٶ˵һ£㲻ڣ
̫ިԣԴء
ʹɣī̫ިҲ֪Ѱڡ
Ͼꡣ
ƫƧСУûܼʱ쳣ľƹѾڶΧסĺ󱳵ǽϣֳ֮ɫ
ǰʮһҡȣЦǴǰĽ飬ʵˣһ
Ϻģʱֻ²Ϊؿʮһ꣬ɭȻʮһʱҲ߹
ʮһﲢֻ̾һ䣺ȣҲ
Դ̫ި磬ҹγ֮ʱʮһ뷨Σ˿СɽѾѲϵˡ
Сɽ£ܲԸһ
ʮһعͷ̫ިߣϴŵЦ⡣
ôᣬΪ£ʮһҡЦʮһִ̫ިһ̬
ǰʼʮһСɽҹγǵĴ̫ިɽ٣ҹγǵĻȨҲԽԽ
˭뵽ֻԪӤŮǲ̶̼꣬ͳ˶ɽٴܣʮһҲɰԸ̾޳
𡭡
̫ިƹݺݳ鶯һ˲Լ񲻹񾳽磬޿ڶɽΪӡ
СɽԹ£ѵΪôʵ
ֵñΪС̫ިص
˱仰ɫϣٿ˵Щʲô̫ި̧΢΢һ
ɽ£̫ިһƳʶӡ
ʯɽкʮһ￴һĻ̲סüĴǲ
ǧʯɢӯӯâöã̫ިҳö
ⲻöƷʯˣʮһδʲôв֡
ָһĶһѪۣѪʯϣֳ֡
ޣޱԫ
ԭʯϢ֮ʮһȻ⵹
˿ڣЦΪˣҵô
Ҫƾ־ҵȥȷǲ֮¡
Ѿй¶һݣǱ˷ִ£ԼȻʲô˸¡
һղǵʱСԼͷ­˵仰˲ԥ
ʿԱըھһһطˣǰһΪ̫ިס˽Ѫꡣ
һԵʮһûˣȻʱ㣬ȹǻǲմȾѪע⵽̫ިǰ࣬̾һԼȴҲϧ
ϣм۶֪֮٣ƹˣȴһʱʮһ￴̫ި
Σ
㹻ˡ̫ި΢΢öʯ㻯촷۴ָƮ䡣
֣㹻ҵ


170 
һع
ֻһѰع, ҲδʿѰ֮
عޱȣͨת, ռĵع֮ıλá
ɣīһʮΪ˲ͬͼյĵͼԲͬ, ޷йܡ
֮Уޱԫڱ룬ָʾǷλ
̫ި, ɣīֺ, عضĻλ
ˣҪѰüʵ
һ, ֪ޱԫ, ƺҲûʲôˡ
̫ި, ⼸Ѿ㹻Ѱعڡ
عݺ, ܸ֮ĻλãܸĻķλעޡڵ
ÿһŲ֮, 辭ղٴο󷨡
ڽŵͼ, ޱԫ뿪, 
̫ިվڻɽ֮, ذ׵ȹ, ԽСɽĻռǡ
ʶ̽·, ȷû, ԥ, 뿪Ǵ˴
󣬻һ⣬򶫶ȥ
ֻ, Ѱعʱ䲻գ̫ިҪ죬ҲֻΪܸٶȡ
ʵʣƩعľܣֻ¥޷֪̫̽ިȴ
ǴӺε֪
ûʣڲЩĺʱ
һΣ̫ި㲻
ɽεض𣬳ſ֦Ҷɳգвޣ֮Ҳδŵá
·лʿ֪֮ЧΪ㣬վԼҲܲʲô쳣
ڶɽʿԣĽȻûʲôЧá
·عˡ࿴̫ިûóȻ
߰ɡ̫ި̧ȥ
첽ȥȥ
̫ިûлͷ䵭ǲǵġ
಻ʧЦ
ת·дԳԣΨʶӡʿܿ󷨡
̫ިͳڷ֮Ϣƽ󷨲¡
ָױ޸˼ƣ̫ި漴֡
ס֣Ӱʱʧɽ֮С
£Ȼ谵࣬ʯϵյƻҲ޷ȵð硣ڶĴ̿˿̸ⰲýѹ֡
̫ިΪֻһɱЩ̿͵ĸ֪һʱ˷ع֮ж֮͡
קһ˫ֱĺͯ㱻ǰ֪Ҫδ
һĻ̲סü
˳ǰ͸Ƴɵդܿ˫ľȻ۾ͲһȥҲʮĺͯΪֱ֮УѪ͸棬ɫ⡣
мУ˴һţڴ˴̿δֿϷ
ûʸġ
ЩĴ̿ͣ࿪ڣдż⡣
㲻ϡ̫ިصƽò˿ܴ߳̿ͣʮˡ
һģǹ
̿ͣˡ
̫ިϤҲⰵ֮Уһһɱ¾ĵ
Ѻͺͯĺ´̿ͽ⿪Ǿ밵֮Уդ
ͣס˽Ų
ȥˡ
飬Ȼ޷ǰӲܡ
̫ިûзԣֻ˵һ䣺࣬Զǿȥô޺
֪Լ
̫ިıӰ䴽ǣһСġ
عѾ̿ˮ˳ʯǽ䣬ڿյлص
·̫ި߹ֹһΣڰţ뵱Ƕμ䡣
ɱҩ̫֮ިΪԼηһ㡣ҩˣʹЩ
û
ѺˮǰʱЩͳɤҰɡ
ۼûܿ˵ֻ˶һӡ
ˮĶӡ
̫֮ިʧȥʶʱѾع֮С
ʮݸץһ𣬱ͶɽбȦԳһǶΪ
ʿȻٹȣΨ˵ͷ­ܻԴ˵ĵҩʱ䣬ºֻһܻ߳
̫ިⳡϷûȤۿɱΨеԼʱŻ֣ȴɱһˡ
ܼģķԸǵ⡣
º̫ިһ͵ϮʿͣϪˮߣĮȻسϴ˿ڡ
ǰݸ̫ިһƿҩ
̫ިֻؿ³һ֣
Ц
˵ҹǰиãͬһ͡
֮Ѱ̫ިΪһЩ˵ĵҩ̫ިҲڽĺ⡣
ʱѾѡ
ݣֻһ˿ԴԳ뿪㲻ɱǣҲɱġΪ˿ڣ̾һ
ʱ̫ިݡ
ҹĻûлشֻңңԶһƬš
̫ިڵֻδԼȵģҹ
֮ڽɽеɱ¾ԽƵ۹伮ǷҩҪ
ԳȦģֻҪǿֻ
̫ިɱˣҲ˽Χˡ
ҲǳΧУҹΪ˱סǵ԰
̫ިһ̣ѵض˵ݣҪȥ
ȥݡ
ȥŲ㹼
ɺѪϣ̫ިոǰ˵ͷ­ҹķǰ
Ը⴦ԳΨһһˡ
ܾ̫֮ިˣϷúеҹһһ
ˮӣǽ֮ɣī
ҹȻЦº͡
ϣûҹǲһƵƭ֡
ɣīαҹӽ̫ިֻΪ˱ȷûпڱι¸ԪȼѪƺ̫ިõĴ̿ͣĵ
ԪȼѪĸƣĸɣīУֻҪԸ⣬Բ̫ިԾγӶδܳɹֱࡣ
ǰ̫ިûлɣīʾˣֻһ
֮ڣʱڵعе߲㾡ڴˣۼݾ¡
̿ʹ׼ݡ
ɣīʧڶ̶ʱڱ㷢˾ҶعȻʱתƣյϢڱദÿڶѾ
Сɽ޳ͻΪλͻȻѣ
ʧ֮£Сɽйأ
ѵֱڣδѰټô
һأټһҵܿãһʱѰá
֮ǸСɽһѵպ㣡
ӣĸ
ʱյĴȻһ졣һ̣кذ⿴ȥ
Ů°ۣ˫˪ѩ䡣
ˣ߲ԺвԼͬͷ
˭˾ŭڣϢ̫ިϡ
ûͣ½ŲֻһƬĮȻ
Сɽ̫ި


171 
β, ع֮кؾһɲ漴ƬȻ֮
̫ި𡪡
̫ިǰͻƶɽ, ڻɽɱ󻤷ʮѾ¡
һս󣬱֮, ˲֪ʶ̫ިݺ󣬵ڶ߲о㶼ɵ֮ɫ
, ֻ²Ϊ֮һֱĬԵĺڿ, ʧ˹ʵĻҰ׷˿Ӽϴ䣬Ͽ, Ǵҹ˻
Ҳ֮, Ψһһɽ١
ɣīľӪô, һܲ֡
˿, ɽɭĿ̫ިϣ, Ϣؽ˵ع֮У
̫ިǰ, ߲ҲͲᶼڴ˴
, Ϊ̫͡ި, 鵭
Ϊ, ǱΪˣɽپЦһ, ɿָ̫ިץ
̫ިûж, ΢΢̧, εڿצײȻ졣
˰벽תס, δ̫ިǰԳơ̫֮̽ިʵľ⵱ֻǲͻƶɽٲã
˵δꡭһ˵ļޡ
˵߲㱻ײನƵˣж̫ިļɵ
Сɽ£Ǻεһ龳߲ǿѹŭڡ
ôδ˸Ҵع˷¡
ɱˣֺй̫ި𴽽ǣдżֲݴļ
£ҲҪˡ

˻һ䣬ʾ⣬ʱӰӲ̫ͬިϮ
̫ިɫδκβ̧ǰڿ֯һƬЩɫӰӻδܿѾɱ
ѪɽȴûһȾذ׵ȹǣ̫ި֮
ֽ̧ӡ󷨣̫ިΧ˶ԭޡ
̫ިûͣܣзײ
̶̼䣬Ѿв°෨ڰײ鿪
̫ިһƽֳ亹ǸɽٵСˣԼĶ֣
ڶɽپڵһ籩Կڵµ󷨾ƾˡ
е߲㣬жΪʱҲס
ʱԵֻ䴦ȥȫ࿹
ڷ籩ĵ̫ިֻһƬƽǱ󷨣ܸһЩ鷳˴µ󷨣ԣϤ
ŪһƬң̫ިذ׵ȹǣ̧ơ
תһͣ漴һ̫ިˣǺδ
ôܣе쳣̶ôƵ󷨣
󷨣ƽģô̫ި΢ǣ
ƽһ仰ȴɽپһܶǰ˾Ͷ˵һ仰
ֻǸˣѾˣɱ
ܣܣˣˣЪ˹غţϵŤ˲ëȻ֮С
ȷѾˡ̫ިͬľѾԽԽʬǣڴ˴Ϊô
Ľ㣬ϣ¡
Ͻõĸ󷨴ܣǼ̳츳һ츳ʤԼĸס֮£þԵƽӹࡣ
عڴ󲿷󷨣ɣīԿֻ̣δ뵽Լ֮ء
ǽãΪʲô츳ԶʤãϵĹ£û˿õƽӹãջۣܻ棬
ʱѾǶʿɱ˲࣬δԼãעԼС
뵽ΪɣīҪڴ˹ͽϱԼԿ̵һʶ
Ե߷֣󷨵Ҫ⡣
ܶΪ̿͵̫ިзʶԴΪһ˵϶аʦ֮ꡣ
̫ިдɣīе֪Ͼ£ҲɣīƲ֮
ֵǽɱȻһϷ
ϲģŪġ
ɱ̫ިĻػָƽһʬΪۣӴԺֻܱҲڽ£
˵ţЦȾϷ֮ɫ
£̫ިϮֺһֵͬģ߲㡣
̫ިнӡ¶ʱ𣬾һ̣ӭѾǰ̿ˤ˳ȥ
תǿƽ⿪󷨣̫ިһ漴סļͷһģҪߵͷ岻ܿƵصɶ
ȼѪȼΪۻΪнݾõΪ̫ިǰǿ¥
ҲжɽΪȴڲǧʱ˵ԭ
˲䣬̫ިѾлͷ¡
ȥµĵط֮
Ľ㣬֮ţ˾󷨴ܣ
أ
ʲôҲǣԶֻܶϵĹ£Զֻ˵ֻϵã
ԹˣôŬǱУΪǱȲԼĽ㣬оյ󷨣ֻ迴һ۱֪
ʲôȲϣ׽ðΪ˲
һ̣ھѣѪǰȻ໭棬ʱһо󷨣֮ǰŵ񣬻ԼȼѪʱ龰
ͽ͵ſ죬ƺ˵Щʲôȴվû³һ
̫ިɿ֣ɢ״δаֱ
һжԼѡɱǣȼѪǣȻˣӦе
㡭·ƣһԲϵϻڵأۡ
̫ި֣ѪƳġ
ȼѪơ
ֻϻһۣƳ˳Ѫ룬Ӵ˼ľڡ
̫ިֹһΥɣī֮࣬һΣֵζǡ
һƬȻ
Ƴ棬̫ި̧ͷһ֮ˣٴοڣȣɻҪս


172 
̫ިĿ⿴֮ʱ, ʶһ
ͬΪɽٶĶ֣οǡ
Ĭȼ, ǰ֮λ̫ިһӣƵķ, ٲϡ
һڵУ˺±㵱ûˡ
˵߶̫ި, Ҫ, ֻὫΣһѵھϣ˲
һƬ, ̫ިٴοڣ, ͹ɡ
ߣ
, ֮˱˴˶, ۵׾㶼֮ɫΪԼˡ
ȻŹǣ
Ϣ֮, ̫ިһ, ɱȥ
̫ިû, վԭ, һ, ǲȾ˳
ǵӰ˳ʧڵ, ʣ֮˲ԥ, ȿֺӿȥ
˭Ҳ֪᲻, ȻҪڸϽӡ
һߣ㿪УͲ߰ŮͯԾ, ǽ䱸
һ̬ģڶຢͯ
ЦЦƽϣֻǿ뿪ˡ
˵գҲӦ̧뿪
󣬱Ƴ滿ĺͯСңʶصĴ̿ͶѾûϢ󣬷ӵ˳
˳źڰǰµڶ֮̿ͣӣ֣عһš
ȷع֮ѾûйѺ޹֮ʱת̫ި֮ȥӭк۹ֻ߲ӴܣϢδ
ûпõިͬһ
˼֮ɫ
ϵ֮ʱѾһСɽӸϵ˴
ڳ꿴ɵĿǱҵۣضȻʦȻҪСɽ㲻ɴʸơ
ԴɱΪʯõò޸
Ȼ˳ҲɣīѺ
ҹγУɣīѾ̫ިԽƷסȫΪʵ֮ϣܽơ
ʱվڴ֮ڣϷķѵɣīֽճȭ
ѪҲ̣ȴڶ̶֮䣬һɣīԣʱҲƽ
ʦ֣˳һ񣬡Ƕ죬Ųվҵϳˡ
ףĿɣīӹԾü
̫ިεӸ˳꣬гڣ㲻ġ
ڳڶСɽ뿪֮ʱ࿪ڶ˴θӣֹ֮̿ܣСɽʦʦöӦСġ
ɫصʦַġ
˵գִɽȡ⣺ػʦͬһ
ʧЦʦڣ㲻صˡ
ڵ뿪֮Ȼࡣ
Ѫڵӣȶ̫ިֵ̿;ڴ룬Ϣ
ĵ̫ިģϰա
ڤ´̿ͣΪ涾֮һڤ޷ⶾԵĽҩÿʮշһö򺮶ʴʱʱܱ֮࣬ΪҲΪ֮ˡ
ɣī̫ިƽĿ⣬ϼⲻȻس鶯һ˲Ѿµôˡ
ָ΢ɣīУ漴ΪҺСɣī˫ֱҲֻܳؿ̫ި
һɺ˷θ֮УѪҺоȫ̹Ǳɣī̲סҧء
Ϊұµĺ񣿡ɫҰףȴǹһĨЦɣīлˡ
̫ިҲЦˣǲֹˡ
޾Ԩһס
ָ⻮ɣīֳһѪۣһ̣ᵽѪζѪƳ
ɣīͫ΢ʶ˺󣬵ѾˣƳȻ˳˿Ǳ뾭֮Уת˲ʧӰ
̫ިɣīһһؽг֣ǿԣڴԼ޲ýƤǡ
̫ިЦ΢üĿ٣̧ʱ˾һ־Ķǵ
ڤֱȼѪƣ³磿ʣȴƶ
ɣīΪʹڵأ̧ͷ̫ިʳʣʶҡ
̫ިûзϡ
Ϊҡɣīס
񣬲ǽ£ˡ̫ިĮȻ
ҺʱΪ̫ިҺʱ
̫ި̧Խɣīȥ
ûлͷֻһ仰֪δ
£֯Ϊ󷨣̫ިΪɣīѡõ
ţڤʴѪȼѪڣˡӽÿһգȼԼ
ֱľͷƳУǱΪܡ
ɣīΪ̫ިѡõĽ֣ͬĽ֡
󷨳Σ𣬾ŽɣīǿȴΪסǰ·
ϢȫУ£ţֻڷ֮䡣
̫ިĲֳѰеҪ֮ʣס
ި
̧ͷ˫ʢĵۡ
ڣô̫ިڣɫͫеӳ
ԼУԼһֱֵĲͬˣмǰʲô
šصһ㣬δҡֻǣЩδܲĹȥ㾿ʲô
仰ʵúᡣ
֣Ѿ㹻˴ŵĲ²⣬̫ިɣīһǿ϶в²⡣
̫ިǼӿһɬ仰⣬Ͼδǰ
á̫ި˵֣٣ǻ
ཫǰ˽ڻУӰڲƵĴ֮ӵһӰ
һߡ


173 
۸, ·عݣȻ
һգеڰ, ɣīһڴˡ
ڤ޷黨գƽܻⶾԵĵ˽, 価֪ˣ˺ݵƽҩˡ
һСɽӰع, ֮ƴݲ֪ˮеĹϵ, ͸ˡ
գˮ
ع֮һƬ, ĲֹСɽ, ڶ̿͡
洦ɼɱ, Ϊʯ, ֻΪ˷ۿԼǰݵɱ¾, ֻҪδ˼Сɽ, Ҳ㶯֡
, СɽҲʮС, ȻҲΪ̿Ϯɱ, ҽ޼ʱ, δ˼
պ, عһƬյ, ˱̫ިڴ˵ɣī˴޵һˣСɽҲϡ
, ̫ިڴˣɢȹǻ̡
ԶһĻ̲ס䴽ǡ
ǰ֮£̫ިԣһϲԼ˺չ¶ǰѾҲˡ
飬ȻҲ׷ס
˵㲻ʣ˵
̫ިۣ࿴˹Ѿף
ǰش𣬳ð˳ȴʦ㣬ʦ֣мʦʦ˵Ҫ
˻ֻεЦЦСɽӵĳ֣ζ̫ިʱˡ飬ҲΪź
̫ިӦһת߶·󷨡
һۣЩϧعʵھҲǹҪҪչСɽã󷨽ʬ֮ϣմȾѪȣǾ뷨
ο⼸յĻУعദ٣޸Ҫϲٹ
ѪȺĹڣԶ°ɡ
ڵ»ص̫ިڵµĹҴݡ
̫ި·ɫ
ɣī֣һ̣ڵԳ˽ᡣ
̫ި˵Լ飬Ŀհף̲ס뵡
ԣ֡
úܺãǽڷʱǡ̫ܽިȫġ
ֻǣֶѣΪʲôԼÿĸоͷЩơ
ϯض̫ި࣬ɵ룬ԼҪҪҲԵñȽϺȺ
ϦȾƲ㣬ж򱱶С
գϢٶȴ˱
̾ᱱ꣬ʮݳĴ̿֯Ȼڶ̶ʱڱ㸲
岻ԸţʵˣԴ伣֮ʣҲٲҳ
̫ިغնշ£ֶַָΣʲô
ͬһʱ䣬ڣɽٵȾ񷡣
µǰݫi̧ͷһĻ˴ǣ۵ѵֳһЦ⡣ɽٵģ常ƽ䭡
ǰӦһк䭱չУһѰͻơӦǶٶãǰɽٵʱ䣬֮Ҫࡣ
ǹϲˡԽһϽװصΣ¡ֽɽ٣пԸˣ
޸ֲݣˮͥԼݣԻָ޸ʥŮӦеĴ硣
뾵ѳˮʱѸµɾͰݫiĸʵΪˮ̿ͰɱԴʱԽһ˵
𣬵ȷǼ¡ݫiЦ糣ȴһƬ常ͻƶɽ٣ǷˮĿܣִࡣ
Խһۣû˵
䭽ɽ£Ȼݫiһˡ
ڵ֮ǰʽѳˮ£Խĸ˳ͻ˶ɽ١
ڶ޸ΪףΪ޸ʥŮԽҲʮ⣬ݫiǰҲͷʾá
Ϊƽ̵ҲΪɽʿ޸̵ĵλҲͲǰ㳬Ȼ
Σ»ڱ׵ġ㼸ǰˮһɽ䣬Ҳɽʿ䭽ɽ٣Խĸϵѹࡣ
ǰӦ뿪ڣȥˮɣϻһսˣڱչء˵һأսֱ㲻˳Խ˵£Ȼ
䣬Ǿսϴ񣬱֮ǰ϶˼ɱϵơ
ɣϻչأˮϵڶ࣬Ƕɽʿ֮ҲײԸӵ䣬ˮԷѵʱȻڽڰˡ
֮ǰжɽʿ֣޸̽ڶප飬Ҳδˡ
ɣϻһأֻΪ֮һ䡣
޸ֻ̽ǶɽڵΪɣϻǶɽٺڣ࿹ʤ㡣
ֻϣλӦǰˣܸһЩݫi糣
Խһ䣬̵ȷϵˣࡣ
ǰǳ磬ӦݫiΪǱһ졣
ʱԽ˵ݫiҲδɫͷˣôˮչ񡣡
Խ΢΢ۣڵݫi֪վһϡ
Ǿã
ݫiЦЦʥŮģԲһ㡣
ں޸̣Ѿϵһ
Խ˵һתȥ
ݫiЦԽʼչһĨȡ
޸Ҳöޱںͬĵʧ˭֪ƻΣ
¥أһʮģƽ䭽ɽ٣ˮжɽΪܣɢˮشͶڡ
£޸ʥŮԽϪףϪһƬڡ
꿴¥Ϣ̲סü
ʦ㣬ˮΣ˵㸲֮ݰ꿴µ̫ިп
̧֣ڿն̫ިС
ʶɨ̫ިδԳ֮ɫݵıʣǰ꣬δ̫
û뵽Ǹ䭣ȻҲͻƶɽ١һԸв
ײο䭻ûˣʦ㻽һʦ𡣿ӦǰǶٶ򣬻Щ
ӦǰȥһУ˻Ǯ¥Ӱ飬ʵĳ棬ûۼʵ̫ϧˡ
ʦ㣬ôʦ֣
Ѿϰ̫ި߿࣬ʱ֡
ڴħ뱱ǰȥħ̫ިص
СɽѾ˰࣬ҲδȥŴߴصڡԼֽĵӣȻҲĲ飬Ҳ̫ިôãħ֮Ҳڱ֮С
̫ި֣ص˳С
Ҫȥһ˲ݡڵ
Щ⣬Ϊʲô
ݵҾ֣ûʲôϵɣ
ˮоԹδ塣̫ި⣬ȹڷ졣
ΪˣҲΪɱˡ


174 
¶ʮ, Ȼ޾ս
½֮һˮϾڶתѹ֮, һ֮ǰơ
޸뾵ڻˮڶϪȥԴΪݵطֶԿˮ
㿤ڲƫ֮, ˮ£ң㿤ҡ
֮, һ˿ĸһ, ޼żżƻҰףֱͦ, һһ۵ضŮ빫ӳ, Ҳڸ, е֮, ¡
еԣвյ, һǳЦóȻ, ԭð
ڸ˵˵, ̬Ȳ, ǸǰŮзɿ컮һ˿
, ǰ, ȴֻһ͸ӭ
, ̹ûбҪ, ڸԴգΪͨ˵
̴Ӧ, ƽͣ⼸ձ߶Źˡ
ˮŮӦԣֶ̲ס¶֮ɫϪϵСǲ
ļ١
ߵüЩ֣ϪϵôͻȻŰݷã
ϪϺϿ˵ͬһ̵游вͣ뿪㿤ϪŻӴ˱ϪϵĴڡ
ô꣬߶ֻ֮ʱԵϵ໥һݱ񣬴Űݷ֮¡
ٿԼһãȻĶӣ̾˿͵Ҳµò˵͵ġ
ϪȻһ˲漴Ȼ򣬡ȰϣҲѳˮô
ٵͷɳ̣ʴӣ֪Ϊƫƫѡ㡣
ѵΪͬһһۣСص
˵ϲֳֺɸֵɫ˴̵߽ôãôͷԻ򵥣
βԹɫıȴǲģԼ׵ɫҲ֪Լһǲ´ˣڨڨΪʲô
ٴ̾һҲûΡ
ȥô꣬αûбϵδļиΪĳ֣ڣʲôʲô
ϧвƣεֳϵڼ֮ˣԴ֮󣬴δα㱻ѼϼܣҵΡ
ԼĳӻڡȥȻָɳ̣Ϊν͵Ϊ磬޸뾵ڵͬˮͥ񣬶㣬ڴ˴
ѹƫԶ񲢲ΪˮӣδڴܴٹɽΧϪңӦˮ˺һ
Ҳٽ⣬϶ˣǿһ㡣
ݾƷңʮע⵽һ㣬ʵǲס
Ǹδ㣿ĻȻࡣ
ͷɳϵɽֲֺԾսȭ޸̺;ƽʢ˵˵
֮ǰˮĽˣѾӰڲڶеƣǲݲɺȻ
û˵Ŀ𲻶Կ뷨
ЩżףˮŰ޵ô˻ͶϪǱлΪ籨ˣ
ӣʹɫһĶӣӦ֮μϸһȴ֮ˮС
ǿЦΪûڱλˮӣΪĳӣͱͬһֻǰס
ģֻһ߱Ĺ餡
Ϳǳ¹ؼˣϲŭ¾񣡡
һηʱֻܵͷѵҷ䡣
ζӳ£תͷĿͶˮ֮УѾŮ뿪
Ϫϵ뷨ǡ
ˮǶɽٺڵĴܣֻҪţˮ㲻ܸ𣬶Ϫɽ٣ʤˮô
ǲܣͶϪȻٲˮ飬ôݶӰ֮£ڱԼˣ׷Ź
૵ٵһȡ
ϵױ
һߣòŮԺʼմǡôЦ⡣
Ϊ׼Ժλʵڲ̫ã׼Ҳʵڱɱ̲⡣
Ů뿪̶Ů̲סڱԹʵΪǻ㵱֧
޷ƽͣŮ澵ĻⲻСڶѡ
¸Ҫģ˵ϡ
̴УΪ˵͡㿤ңֻҪ˵ǣ㿤ɵϪ
˾٣ҲͶ֮١
±ŰˮȻԸѡ޸̺;ڡ
вԱУ̿ˮķ֮٣ڽĩ·
һˮ𣬲ݾƶȻз츲صı仯Ϫ֮
ҪģΪϪ롣
ϵļǸˣ˵¡
תۣסգºôһλˣٳδܵõԸϢ
Դˣ̰֮أһȱģġ
սӣڲʢ̫ި·ʿɫҴң糾
ˮ¿ǶǷণʿ֯ϪնͬʱˮŸ裬
ϦһȣΪջȾ죬̫ި̧ǰ㿤С
֮Уһ°׽۵ʿϯϵˮԣˮĻռǡ
ˮ£˵Ȼˣ
ǰŮɫ԰ף𺣬Ŀ⿴֮ʱв֮С
һߺȣΧ۷˻ʿ˹һ̣Щ϶ֳ֮ɫˮļʹ
ʶݣ˷׷·ԱãлвΪײһһƬҡ
һĻһĨɭЦ⣬Ǻ˶Լη塣
ֻע⵽վ·Ĩ糺֮ʣЦʱˣ㿤УȻвʿҵ·
ֳһп֮ɫ߶ٳǰ
ʨò䣬Я֮ǰŮ
һ˲̫ިعͷ
϶ʨɫǳɫͫδֳ
Ŀ⣬Σյۣ£
ǸԪӤʿˣֻϢԼʨҧĺЦѾǰѪȳ档
̫ިֳ̧֣ƣʨȥƱʹͣڰС
΢һ䣬ʨһ뵹ɶƷ˴ڶˮʿ
ǸԪӤʿˣ
ʨϹ䣬겻ŵؿ̫ިҲֻԪӤֻʨǻ񾳽ޣ
ô׾ͻ˻ڵޣ
ǲ뵽ǰŮǱɽٵ𡣾̫ިʱΪѹԪӤһֻҲκε
䵭ĿϣһֻԼǱһֻ޶ϡ


175 
ʨˤڵص˲, ԶΧ۵ȺвԼ֮ͬ㿤֮ڣ˶ˮļʹ֣
Ϫ֮, ˮҲԾǲʿвɺȻ
ҶԼʹ
ˮʿǳ, Ԧʹｫ̫ިΧڵУ£ϵĽѣĿâ
Ůϲκα, վԭ, ȴԶԶѹڶˮʿ
Щ֣һŰֻǽ䱸ؿ̫ި, δóȻ
³Ŀ, Ȼ, 
ʿ, ŭؿ̫ިһͷ, Ǳ
ҽ£ȵ
һ, Χס̫ިʿ߶, ꪳ, 
ֻ̫ި֮, , ޷ǰ
ͣһ˲, ˮʿвԾ־֮, ޷£־屾֮顣
̫ިĿע£߳ˮİΧ
֮ɫ, ţղŽԼɵٴʶ߶ʨ̫ިҧȥ
̫ިֻǵһָ̧ۣ֣΢
ʨʱܵйɾֶ£޷ǰ벽һ̣ʨβʹֳͫһ˿ܵĿ־塣
ͣԼǰʨ̫ިָ¼ʣһ̣ӵԼʨڸ֣̼仯Ϊ촷ۡ
ΪԼԦʹ߳һش󾳽ʨ
֪ԼԼʧʨֻһᣬͫǰŮƬ̺ѱſ̫ިԼͷ­
ˣڶˮʿһǻ񾳵ޣκһ˶ߡ
ڸ֪Լʧ˲䣬԰׵ɫѾΪһƬ࣬˴ǮŴӸԼޣ
׻ȥԼʨԼŮһֻԪӤΪĿвʿ֮ʱΪϰߣѵǻʿ
갵ȡɽзӣȴ̫ި̧¡
Ҳá
ҵðδաֻǿѹŭ̫ި
ܻ쵽㿤ʹݣʶʱ
̫ިĿ⿴˹вκζĸ飬겻شս
գ㲻֪̫ިڣ䣬֦ͷϵİѩɫ
ŭȴұ¶ˮļʹ㿤У˸˵
ˮʹ
һݣصǡ
֪Լˮˣ̬ȣŮǺݣ
ˮʹ㿤УӦ̫֮ިЩʲôָ⸧ʨëİ˵
ԭֱȥңȴ⡣
⼸䣬ˮΪ˿Ʋݸң¼ʹһְ̫ިҲš
иԤУ̧ͷ̫ިѾʨһƬ䵭ʲô
ͷɫ粻ãڴӺм֣л¥
㿤ʹл¥
лʹ·ɡ̫ިٴοڡ
л¥ԼûоܾأȻ򲻹ֻܹԹԵͷ
дѶʱԻ֪ڲݿˮʲô³
л¥ʾ⣬ʱʿΪóһƥ
ؿһʨǰΪ̫ި·ڶˮʿˣҲҶ˵Ⱥȥ
źƺƵȥıӰΧʿһԭžĽҲͻȻӵ
˭ȻеӶˮʹ֣
ȥ㿤ˣѵʲôҵӵ
ʲôݣڣҶˮ˲ֻһ١
᲻ǴϪġ˵޸̺;ڡʿѹ
֮˿һۣ㿤ЩǲҪô˵ֻҪ롭йᣬҲҪѲƤ
˵ӮŮ޿ڣЩ첻塣
ôܣˮǶɽٺڵĴܣ磬㾳ʿ޼
Ϫ֮УΪߵ޸̽Ҳɽڣοֻһͻ˶ɽ٣ˮаˮɽڡ
ʵںţϪܹˮڲݴʿ޸̺;ڳǻΪˮѹġ
˿ˮǰӦһս˱չأ̫ިչصԭ򲢲ֹڴˡ
ɣϻҪߵ˾ͷ
䣬ˮ޼ɵڲѹʯԴΪ
Ϊ˻ȥɣϻֶΣⲻ⣬˴ĵλʱӦöġ
ȷҵ˰취ԼҲֻǹӲдǰݫiʿˮʱȻţҲֻʣһݫiУȫ
һΪӦǳɣϻ޸;ѳˮʱǰꡣ
¶ͬƩҲǰʮͻƶɽ١
ǰˮˮ֮Уֻι̫ިһöΪԵʣڱݫiɱ֮һ
ֻҪɱɣϻϧɣϻݫiУ̫ިΪŵ
ǵòɣϻȻжɽٺڵʵ̫ިҲûаһɱ
ڣһȡ
̫ިǰˣ˵֮࣬һ
ӦûˮУǼʮˡˮǰ㸲㲻ʧŮ񲡣
ҲãҲãһصޡ


176 
鷿, ٷŸż㣬üͷʼδɿ
һԣγü, ǸϲСϧ̳ңЩòѧĶ
ϪϵС, û뿪̧ͷʵ
æصûУס
ѵá, ̲ס̾һ, Ҳһʮɣ;ԣʵѵ֮¡
, Ҳûм̵Ĵ㡣
ˮ󷢱, ̶̼, ȻϪж, ƣϪ㸲ˮ
һݵĸ˾ڴʱ鷿֮, ǵսӴ̵͸
ȫظ, ͸, ƽû˿ʹѶ, ǰȥһ
Щ, 漴, ͸֪ˡ
¶ε, ˮһøǷλʹȱʯ, ֿʲô
л¥㿤ҾͳǮӡ
ζҪ֪, ʯǱ㲻⡣ѵ
ֻʯܰл¥ˮʹѾǺˡֻҪǰ̬ŵ㹻ͣ㲻֮ݡ
⼸յ౨һʡ
ζԴʵûʲôȤֲΥԼ׵ֻ޾ɵӦһ
ֻûϵĲ⣬ƣѾݲԼ¡
ȻãϵĻռԿϣ㿤Уƾ֮Գ衣
ʵΪʿٵٶȣƬ̱ܵʹۡ⣬ȻԸôɡ
϶ȷˮ£ⲢζΪūͣƾǲ
ΪΪˮʹл¥֮£ƾˮ֣ٲòͷ
ֻͷҲܵ͵̫ⲻΪ˿Ц
ͣڼʹۡ⣬żеʿվ⣬ɫȻ
ǰʿڣȺǰȥ
仰زʲôл¥³ʹǺˣ
ĶʣԾɲɫʿ˵ͷ븮֮ڡ
ٶԼʹۡİϾⱾһԺĽɡ
ȣѾǰ
⣬ʵڱŮӸڣϧʱɫֻһƬ
Ųл¥ĿͶ
вνȣƽ㿤ʿ˶踩ļʹˣ񾹺⣬Լһ㡣
в֮ܳУʹҼҲδйл¥ӭĴ
٣л¥ɫδϰ֣ȥ
ٱ㽫ԭʵĻȥλʹȥʵڲΪӡ
̧̤ͷλϵ̫ިնл¥λá
Ůɫ䣬˫ۿ֮ʱ˲ɺһ͡
Ŀ£ʲôҲΡ
ʨűߣ̬ѱټǵãǱл¥
ϣ٣ߡȻ֪̫ިԪӤ磬ĶҲδɡ֪ߴΪ£
̫ިûӵĿ⣬صһá
仰ڳرɫ
㣿
һأʮ˭һġ
ο
ƽо죬ٴοڣˮ£߼ˮֺʹϡ
̫ި˴ǣ˵һ¡
ˮ󣬲޹ϵ
һ
һҪ㣬ЩԹ̫ިһ䣬ƺãŽԹʲô˲õ¡
һԪӤʿθ˵̲ס뵽漴ʶˮˣֻѰԪӤ۸ڶл¥ϹϾ
ѵϪ̽ʳһ²⡣
̫ިЦЦؿϪҲЩԹڡ
ȴȫϣʲôݣ
ⲻҪ̫ިƫƫͷҪǣԵ֮ܳΪݵ
ָ΢бֳ˲ݵĵͼƫԶ㣬ȴܹͨ£ԵΪˮϪ֮ĵ
գͫ΢д˴㣡
δйΪߵҲ飬ʸ˼¡
ԲƣϪ֮ƣǣˮ
ٺɣϲֻмЧˮͶϪѡ
ֻǷԼǰĵѡȻһġ
ٵΪϼȻϰСĽȫҰġ
ܹɹݶ
ϸٶã̧ͷ̫ިһģܸóЩ룡
ԵȷУֻһϣȴıɹˮɽٴܣ
̫ިҪóȻӦ£ûʸһ֮
жȥΪαװʱһѹСǲѹƾ磬̫ި̤ʱԼͻᱻˮɽʿϢδѹƣҹһ
ٻһл񾳽磬ҲΪ֮η壬ĿͶȻλŮȻǶɽٴܣ
ڶɽپѹֻһ˲ʧˣܸ֪ģΨһˡ
ֻһ˲ٿԿ϶Լĸ֪
ɽٴܡ
һɽٴ㣬֮ǣˮı㲻ǿ룡
һ̣ԺͷǾ߱Ĺ餳ǰѪҺһƬ䡣
ֻǸ
ٹг֮񣺡ϣԸΪЧͣ


177 
, 㿤һıʣˮʹȻһŮ޸ѵˡŮдżּϼʹĴž̡֪
ǿˮʹ, Ȼֱ˴ˣ
ԣҲһ֮, ȻʿҶˮʹô
Σʵ
Ů澻ھ̾˵˴ˣǼʹؽȥۡأ
ϰֵĶһ٣¶˼, 漴һ⣺д, ϳеĳδȥ
Ůȥ̽飬˳˱Ϣ
ʹۡȥ, , ˮʿǰͨ, ҪҼŮ˵, ̲סƲƲ졣
Զǰϵļȴܶ, ˮʹֻһ仰, Ҳõ, ȥݼ
̽ʸһ, ͷֽϵ, ΢Щ, ܾ, ƺʲô֮·ˡ
Ԥ, ҹŮͻȻţԵҪʱøΪǿҡ
ҹʹ, Ůһյǰ·̸󴩹ͥԺͣ鷿⡣
ۺ⣬ȫ޶飬ǰǰΪƿš
յڷУٹ춯̧ͷ
Ϫ̣Ĵƽڣȫ¶˿յĲ
ˣж۲ָ˼֣վЦ常Ůȷˡ
˵Ĳǿ׻ˣԼ游йϵ㲻úãͬٸûʲô顣
ޡȻٵĻҴԭˣΣ϶Ҫһڵģ
æһʱδܳһʵҵĲǡ̧֣ʾΪһյ衣
ЦЦóȻã˲ޡ
һһСĿӣ˲䶼֪ԷǺúŪĶ
Ƭ̳źٴοڣϪ֪ϪΣ
ǽˡ
ˮ޸ħ̣ҥϣȴǶϪħˡ̹˹ص
漴ֻһתˮУ޸εħ޶֡
дʮ̣ңжٲˮӰ¹Ӳд
ϪѾζ
ûз̧ͷ٣дż⣺ˮԽ״¾һ
仰һ˲㱣һ̣ȻǰŮϿЩӵĺۼ
̵飬ͬмơ
֪һѰ·ٻعʵˮɽ꣬ԭĿҲջأں޸̵ȻϪ⡣
ûзˮѾʧġ
޸̺;ڵȼһѻѻ𣬳ݡ
סյֲΪ֮һ
鷿кһƬȻһӰ߳糺סŮЩΣ̫ިڵ˵ò
ŷ֣鷿оȻеˣѭȥһ˫ۡ
סŮݣ£⻪ת
֪ڴˣʧ񡣡̫ި̧һ̬͸¶ֽ䱸
̫ިϢֻǸԪӤʿԼȫδܲĴڣͬԪӤǡ
ʲôݣΪλ鷿У
Ҳվ̫ͣި󣬿ȥΪ
һĻֻʸȫȻ²̫ިʲôݡ
ǰŮ̫ިɫ
ǰǿҲɳΪʶҹ̫ިΪɣΪϪ
̣̫ިʶọ̃Ҳ֮
ǰ̫ިʱǹޣԹǻ磬֮ʱˣǳɹ߻λãֶοɼһߡ
̫ިϷʲô̽һ㡣
Ϊ𻤷ʱʱȡ̫ި̫֮ިһ㣬ֻҪ㹻ļֵš
˵Ĺϵܹ߹
תͷշֶ̫ި̽ԭڼʹеģǵѣ
ʲôֱԱǡ̫ިǰȡһֻյΪԼһյȲ衣
ѹɻǰˮ
Ϊˮʹ֣ܱΪϱ
ˮˣ˿̣Ѿûվ̫ި𴽽ǣЦЦ
֪Լ⡪ʶһ㣬ˮˣǰŮֻǺݣ
ʲôݲҪҪǣʲô̫ިָ
룬ΪݣǻһܱԪӤʿ
ľԶʤˮʹһҲܽ͵ͨ
ǵѳ֮Уʲô˳Ļʵ
̫ިȴûлشתΪ˵͡
ʱЩЦˣ̵ͷͶϪƺת
ɨֻ̫ިԣԼĻÿɷκ鶼ƾǰŮ
㲻ᵹϪ̫ި
仰΢΢ü̲סʣΪʲô
̫ި赭дΪҪ㡣
⡭
̵ɫЩ²͸ǰ˵ı㣬Լȴȫ͸ˣĸоʵڲô
ϵļǲ̽ȡһ㡣
ҹңӦֹΪ˸֪ǡѾףҹģ̫ި١
̫ި¶һЦ⣬ͬ˵ࡣ
ɽפ꣬Ϊ׵ģǶɽڵճ
ˮУճΪֻˮ֮£ڰǰͻƶɽڣԣ޸̽ʤ㲢
οԶϪôҲ·硣
˵ѳˮΪ˻ϪΣѡδΧܼϪѹ
̵游ȥϪΪߵı񾳵ĸףʵǵ̶ޡܴٳ£̺ϪϣҲԴӷˮڶнΪԵĴڣһԾġ
ֻ¿ıƺˣɫһ
ͬϪҲǲ̫ܺިٴοڡ
˼ǡ
ͥҹɫԽŨľ֦ҶɫͶӰ紵֮ʱO@
鷿ڣվ̫ި̧һ񣺡ԣһᾡתϪ
֮£ѷġ
ƿţУֱͦзǡ
̫ިߣַϣ̴ʱͷԼͻϳһϤݡ
ϣѴѶټˣЩµ˽ΪõģӦǧ֮㿤ңԼ֡
衣
㹻ˡ̫ިһ
Ѳ£ֻԼ
ҪˮϪһݴ


178 
ʹۡ, л¥λϣɫʵ㲻úÿ
㿤УǱ˿ɫ, ȴһ֪ǺŮռ˸ۡʹνл¥
·, 㿤ڶҵżΪԪӤ֮䡣
л¥һԲа, ԭǷǰ, ڴˣʲô˼
ֻɫ, ûԸȿʡ
ڳʿֵ, Ҿû
㵱һ, ˮ, 踩ףΪλ᲻ڣʿ, имƽϡ
л¥¶ɫ, ̫ި̸ʲô, Ҳټʿк, ֻڴ򲻹̫ި, ֻ˵Ļ
ʲôл¥Ŀɨڳ, 㿤Щ, ȴٳٲϳ, Ҳ˵Ҫʲôˣô
ֹһʱ࣬ͻȻŲ, ڶʿѭȥֻϴŵЦ⡣
̧ͷл¥ټֱͦʹ࣬ϷԸ£Ȼס
仰л¥һ漴ʶʲôɫٿࡣ
ѵôܣҲô
Ժ⣿Щ˳ڣüͷ塣
ٶĿ⣬̹ȻصҪΪϽ֣λ֮ˣҪһ
˼Զ
Ҫѳˮ󣿣ʧеȻ
һǽС΢飬ôóȻѡ
ѵϪѾϪͶϡ
УˮԵģҲֻϪˡ
ⷬδԷȥĬ˵
л¥΢΢ۣϪ
λʶ꣬ս飬ҲԸֻЩʱգλѰڴ˵ءٲ
Ҫڴˣڶʿл¥ɫѿȴ޶
뵽ټڴˣʹѱϿˣ
ĸ鷢̫ͻȻȫһԤףһʱ֪ηӦźá
ˮɽٳ±꣬ϪһҲɽ٣ʱͶϪʵΪð֮١
Ϻ飬ȻעϪѵʲô֤
ٲ룬ûٶ˵ʲô߶Ƹ֣˸ڶʿڴˡ
ʿΧʹۡڵˮʿѱơ
뿪ȥ̫ި
ʱһѶԴ̫ި̧֣ġ
ĴѶ֮ǰȥ׷Ѫ֮£û뱱ħޣˣ̫ͬިһǰ
û˵̫࣬ħ¹أƺ򵥣û̶֣У
̫ި©ϣ˲Ĵ
ûгԴţֱ̫ިĿͶڵΣ
ϣҪѾ֣֮ڶ֮ѺڸУ֮ڵ춯ٹش𣬶˶٣ֵϵҪл¥
ţá̫ިص
ٲЩʧĳǸԲ¶⡣
̫ި֣ݵĽͼյУɽľס
ָ߿٣֮ڣ߿аա
߿ûóȻӦĬĬߴеΡ
λڲϣһڼɳƫƧԴҲΪޣղˮӣȿֻɳʹˮһѹϪҲδΧء
⼸ؼıǷ²ڴ˵ļʹңδػǿӲֿ
ˮ£ܵЧҡ
Ҫıǿ졣
Ҫˮʹ޷½ֻܻҪǰ󷨣֮ڲǲʵ֡
Ҳλչֵûᣬĵ
أж龳ѹӦҲް֡
ϣһԡٹ֣̫ިһݣ̬ȡ
ͬʱϪڣ޸̽ף̺챡³֣ҪӦġ
òЩֱӣԽվԣüĿмФơ
䭵˵ͷԵе̵ȻˮΪУϪ㣬ѡ
ѰûʸվλɽٴǰģվΪصϢ
ϻѳˮ󣬵ϪΪ߿ΪԺĳ⣬ϪΪǣסˮı˳ˮ
Ϫûеõκκôʵ򲢷ˣôӦ¡
ˮ󼯽ϪԳƣԭˮҲΪ̬֮
ˮ̫ݴСҶη弸裬ʱѳˮϱһصĴ
ȥ겿ֱϪѹҲС
䭲ǷҪϪΪܶһԸˮǼõ¡
档
һ˿ᳰλţʵ̫棬츳Լûʸġ
ͣΪлڻ
ԼҲһ£ĻǸأ޸˵һ鷳յĿݫiһӶ֮ǰΨһŮȻס
ݫiѾлΪɽٴڣֲϣԽ㣬ֻǳĬš
̺ԽԼĸ߳µΧֻʣĸŮʱ̲סڣʵû֪֮ʲôʸͬ޸ƽƽ
ԽΪ޹ؽҪ˶ڣֻһƬ
Խüǡ
ϼȻ㲻ʶȤҲһ㲻ɡչ𴽽ǣ紵䣬ɽУԽòŨޡ
ԽƶǶɵ˼ǡ
㣬ǡǸն
˵仰ղٶԡ
Խ˼֮ɫն˭ն
¶ʮ޸뾵ڷֱ·֮޸̽뾵ŽУˮɽӭս˫жɽʿһʱƽơ
ʱѳˮ󣬶̶ռ߿䣬Ϣ꣬ˮŭ
ڴ˵ˮɽߴ£ո㣬飬޸̽ͻϮռꡣʱ֮УΪ
ն֣֮طȥһʱ֮䣬֮Σѡ
㻻꣬ٻ㲻վڸ¥ϣ·΢΢
е֮㣬ˮҲѡ±ڴˡ
ռ꣬޸̱ʱжˮĲ뾵ںΧɽٿ֧ţѰʿȴܲ˵ģֻѡ롣
Խ羴ؿԼĸףһȴҪǴˡ
֮£ҪȡᡣһƬĮȻѳˮϻ³ġ
ǣжɽʿ֮䣬ϱҪ䡣


179 
, ǸΣ
˵ʧݵϢʱѾǰȥ;УôҲû뵽, Ӧսϵգꡣ
ǲݶϵŦˮҲ±ڴ, ޸Уˮ˵Ǹ鷳
, Ҳת, ˮ֮УʱԻԮ, ʱת, ⲻҪ޸̽һս
Ƕɽ, ⲻɽٳ, ꣬ǸԼ
ʧ, Լļַ֮, һ, Զɽʿ, ˮҲΪ³ͽ, Ҳη塣
ճս, Ըա
ȥ, н, ֮ڣִ㣡⿪ڷԸдų⡣
֪Լ, زֻ꣬йߡ
йҹɫӡ
ҹУ㿤˳š¥𼸵ƻϵ룬ΧѲߡ
©ҹɫУƬӰˣʿʶ񣬳¥Ѳӵ˼ʱע⵽쳣
Ƿۡ
ʮҷۣ߼۶Ͼ㶼ԿˮĻռǡ
ˮ󡭡
ˮˣ
پ䣡
ڲˮ֮ʱڶ϶ܿƵֳ־֮ɫˮͳβô꣬ɱᣬĿ־弸˲ʿıܡ
ɽʿǶɽʿϢ˲˵˫ȷˮĶɽˣ
ڶɽʿǰǱһ㡣
ˣˡ
ΪҪˮѻʯ
ʶɽʿлȻˮδüʲôǾЩš
ۼĻɢΪ׵ȵˣȻĵǰװһ¥󷨣
¥ϵʾķͬһʱ̣ת˴˴󷨡
ٷԸ£ûԥ³¥һԡ
Ůվڴͷ¼ҪҹɫΪһ壬·ֻӴܵʿһ
ұˮϵѰ·۵ɱⷭӿ
ҹҪ串
ߡ
ˮŮǰոտڣͱϣȥȡ˹ǣ㿤ңзߣɱۣ
Ůһݣֵ̧ǡ
δ̫࣬ʧڴͷϾڴ⿴ո㱾練֮¡
أ֮ΪߵģǶ龳棬ǰһ֮С
㵨ңϪᣬϧϪȻǵӡ꣬ӣȴˣ
Ըɽµʿʮİա
£ֻһ¥Ʊ񲻿ظһ˸ŴЯ֮ƶ˲飬ΪɢڿС
˳̤ǳ֮ڣ˲Ϣڰ֮⡣
ʱҹɫ측ϸ⣬ι֦ͷķڴ˿ͻأͣˣһݣҪ˺
ϧ̫ڵһγɷ籩˴ȥ·
ԤУ֣תȫǰȥ
һ£ھΪ档
һֻǰ˳ҹɫУ˶˴һƣӴײһޱ߷ˡ
Ϣ֮󣬴ź˼ǿסΡ̧ͷԼǰŮ۵¶ֲţɽ١
֮Уôжɽʿ
ҹһȣ̫ިϸߣԿա
ڼɵһƣȻûռκαˡ
֪ҲݣΪιʣתͷдɽʿʶãһǰŮݣ˭
ѵϪڲһɽٵĴڣͷ󣬴ֵˡôܣɽѵǴײôױУ
ΪѰ𡣡̫ިڣص
Ѱ𣿣ˮʱһλɽٴܣأʵڲ²̫ިݣ޷ȷͬϪʲôϵ
һɽٲУݵľƱػӣ
˵ʲô̫ިȻ̧֣ʱ䣬ӵܶ۽ڷ졣
һĻ΢⡣ϧǲԸڶ̫ިʵһ֪
תȥѸ磬ٶȼ
̫ިվԭأָ⻺лɬѶġ
ڳӦᷢ뵱̫ިʯʱ֮ϿµȫȻһ㡣
ΆѪ䡣
˴Ųƿƣת˲ֲ¡
һ£̫ިǰΆѪΣһһƳ⣬ⷽؼ䡣
һ̣֪ԼѪҺͬϢܣʹࡣ
ˮɽ٣ˮɣϻճˣ⣬Ӳǿнɽ١ΆѪ䣬ȴǿǿз
߶ǿѹڷڵѪҲʱ̫ިѾԡ
̧֣̫ިвĻ»⡣屩¶ΆѪ£˰ڣȥ˰˫֮ͫʱв֮С
һĻһֱԶٲͫһôˮλɽ߲ô
һʶԼӦǿˮΪ֪أԭԭˮڼܳ߸ɽٵԭ


180 
̫ި⽻֮ʱ, ׷ڶ˳ڳ¥ϣйһãڳǽڵȺ
Ψһһλ龳, ˮʿԷ£Ⱥ¥ԭȺ͵ֻʣһƬȻ
Ҫˮ, һսȻס
ʱˣҾţǰδܰæ, ҡ
ڶ˴ӵ, ԻԴ, һս, 䣡
ˮŮվڷȥ, 붴, Ȼܸ֪ǽ֮ɽڵϢڲ
ôжɽʿԼĴĸ֪, ֵȷͬĶɽϢ
жɽʿ, һսĽ
ΪδǰûκϢй¶, 㿤ʹѶʱ, Ҳδἰ£
ˮŮӳ, , ΨٹƳ¥, ǰȥΪ
ˮʿǰͺ̵ر¥, سǵ֮ײһ֯Ũҹɫ, ̳¥㲢δ·磬һʱЩơ
һߣѾ˼˹֮£ʶԼϱ仯ͫŭ⡣
δǰ¶һ㣬¶ԼǸ˷Ĺҹȴ̫ިǿбƳΡ
Хһ̫ިٶȿüҪռ˺ѣؼķ񶼻ϯ
̫ި㣬ٶƵȸqȽٶȣ֮١ⵤǿǵϢȸq
нӡ̫ިֳƣת˸ҫĿ⡣
ӰײһطɢĳΧľɽʯһȻ죬ѡ
ϲӽɫ˹ڰϮ֮ʱһԾΪ̫ިס˳
಻ǰƵһ£Խ¶ɽʿһ
֮£Ȼ࣬ƷɣˤڵϣҲδֹסȥƣڵһۡ
ΪΆѪãѪڣ֮Уʹ֮ɫ
תסԼѨǿʹ⡣
̫ިûг֣һв
ֳ̧ڵľ⣬Լ̫ިĶ֡
ɱңˮ󳹵Ϊˣ˻ڡ
Σ̫ިİص
һʱƿԣĬһ˲ֵңк񱨡㾳磬֪вף²ҪϾɱǡ
仰̫ި΢΢һĨȣż⣺ȡΪãǿβס
㡪ŭ֮ɫ̧̫ިһۣɫãȴûж
̫ި֮ʣԭصξӰһ㻺ɢ
ȸq뵤ȻҲȸqĳȸqٶ֮죬֮²Ӱ
̫ިȻѣ󣬵һһչǡýС
ײ󷨱أ𵴣һѪ
£һ˲ȴδƽ⣬̫ިһȻΪ˷ʱ䡣
ת⿴̫ިպ֮⡣
ΆѪ֣ӿڣȻۣвܿƵطһ˻ƵĽк漴ͷԭط
ڲϢٲһѱΆѪ¿ʼֱײЩϢǿдڰ뿪޷˵ʹࡣ
סʹ࣬ŭٴײ̫ި
ֻǴʱȻĴ룬ҲΆѪ俪ʼ룬̫ިֻ΢΢׶һ
漴ڴ𣬶ͬʱ鿪
һѪӰ׹䣬ίڵء
һһϢȺɢϢһصȥۣ˫ץգƺ뽫ЩԼס
ǶɽʿǶɽʿ
֮Ϊô򵥵£Ϊͻƾ磬ˮʿ٣ɹȴ޼
⻹ǵԼÿһʹ࣬ҪƣڲԼһһ˺ѣÿηζҪ֮һ⡣
ˮ֪ʿУܹͻƶɽ֮һ
ڵɢȥ󣬴ȥָѰò¶Ťɫ
ϧģ̫ިδκԭȡ
¥⣬֪ϢʧˮŮӲɱɫ̧ͷΪԼܲϢˣ
һԸŵĲ²⡣
ʱ¥ϵѾˮӵԵϴ˴˶̱ӣѪɣʿ£ɱںҹｻ֯һװ衣
ӿƣɫˮ֮У˴ɽ٣ʿܳսĶʿһˣس֮սҲúǼѡ
滮Ϣټʱ֣Ϊ浲棬Լȴ˷ײڳǽϣѪڡ
ۼϮͻưΧΣ֡
ҹɫУһĨ糺ڳ¥֮ϡ
ɽڵϯϴ˴ˮʿΪƷɣ¥϶ʱࡣ
վ̲ס¶ϲɫλˣ
ˣҲɫһɣ˷վǶĶˡ
̫ިסⲱ˸߸߾𣺡ˮ߲ɱ
ȹڳ¥ƻ亮âˮͣסԶԶȥݣǱɫ
ɽٴܣ֮УȻжɽٴܣһ̣ˮĻɢɽ


181 
, ̫ިվڳ¥ϣ䣬ϵĽҫĿâ, ˲ֱӡ
ߵߣ̧һ񣺡ϣˮѾѺ, 㿤ڶҷ׷״ѶϣЧȮ֮͡
˵ת, ˿, ⱾͲʲôԤ֮¡̫ިǶɽ٣ǸոնɱˮɽٴܵĶɽ, ʱ˿, 㿤ʿ, ̫ިס
Ϣ, ֮ǰѾϿƵ߸ΣʵΪ, 仰ûд
˵, ̫ިֻǵ㰲űǡ
ٹӦ, вֹ¶ϲɫ, ̫ި仰, Ե춨ϵλ, ϾͲֻҡ
̫ި˽, , ֻҪܰԼ£Ӧõĺô
ô̫ި֮
ָ΢, һƿҩС
ǡʶ̽룬ٲһƷҩ
ҲδܲмöƷҩ̫ިȴóһƿ
Ϊϵܣֻʣ꣬ҪƷҩҲ¡
лϴҩٴżּƷҩڣλƱɾָ
̫ިڷУѻ೤ഹ䣬Գɫѩպټ֣򱱣ʮ
һ˳Ŀ⿴ȥֻɽͷһս󣬿в߿ʿȻвͶϣʮӦֻʱ⡣
꣬ѾΪ޸̹£ʧһǡ
̫ިЦǱϪĴ񡣡
˵̫࣬Ѿµ˲֣ʱһ亹
ԭλҪĸֹ֮أɱģҲֹһˮɽ١
ѵϪϵСʱѾ㵽˽գˣıԣ㿰ƵУٵЩӲͺͳǸѾʧ̬
ٴθȥϣУ
ҵģԼЧλϣΪС
ͬʱ֮ڣ޸ڸѲӣѲѵˮʿ
ûжɽȡ˵ʵ練֮¡ڴ˵ˮӴΪ޸мƲԼʱѶء
˷֮УҲСԼΪصϢղϼС
ʧδطǼȥԴˣ̲⡣ⲢյĶ֣繥㣬һݰսıңӦ
ҲյƣһΣ֡ԵԣȷҪĶֻ࣬Ƕɽʿ٣ϵĸֻڳϦ֮ţǾġ
һ֪ϪԼ˱޼Ҳ˻Ὣ̣޸̵Ҳ
޸̽˼ʵȫ
ְֻ֮࣬ľ
һеô
̲ȻԼмǸŮ˫˿ʵ
̧ͷЩɫ֪ΪΣܾһвǰ򵥡
޸̵̤ǳ֮У͸ɫ
ʱ¥֮Уı·ϵϢе򻺻촷ָۣ©¡
ɫ糣г趼һظ֨ѽ졣
ԽҲΪ˸еһļ£ʲôϢô꣬δʢŭ
ˣ޸̵η޲ýԼһţɽٴܵŭʵڲǳܹܡ
ȥǿѹסŭ⣬ڡ
仰ɴ⣬Ų˳⣬ҷһеڷеģҲֻΪŮԽˡ
ôˣԽԼĸƽ̽ʵ
Կл³֣ѹֵȻˡ
ʲôԽɫʧ
Ȼ֪˭ˮλɽ֮һմȥﹰ͸޸̡
ԽʣǰȥôΪʲôͻȻ䣿
ΪˣŻ䡣⣬֪뵽ʲô˫ĿֻһƬ
ԽԲţ˵һսģΪߵҲǶ龳棬޶ɽ٣ôܡ
Ȼͣס˻ͷ૵ѵС
ף͸żӲϱԭиɽʿ
ԭռ꣬жսˮĲ֮ճΨ˻ط㣬ȴˡ
֮Ȼú£𣬲Ȼ˵ڷ漰޸棬βŭ
οϵԼΪŪŭ
ͻ˾磿ԽʣòܣǵãԽںΪδ
ջصϢǸ֪Ůӡ
һʱ֮ţ޸Ҳ޷֤̫ިݡ
ѵһΣǿ⽫ˮȥɱ⡭Խ̲סͷ
΢䣺Լˡ
δ𣬱ֶ˸ɽʿ֮أϷֲ޸ô
ЦһǱҪû£
޸躹ŵᣬκƻݣȻ޸̵ģ
üգһսα괫£һɣ£ֽοŨīɫ
ɽ١૿ڣٴǸŮ
̵ֱԼһսгֵĶɽ٣
޸̽Ϊ㣬ȴԭҲ˾С
ԼǸŮʼһ֡
ٴǸҹãǸŮҪģֻˮһɽٵ
ĺȻ˼֣˲ңȡ򣬽עУݵĽͶڰС
꣬㣬ӡ
̵ָλ⼸кȻһƬհס
Ȼ뷨иɬȻ䣬ˮֻʣɽ٣Ϫɽٴܣ£ˮδػս֮ģʱŸס
ҲǸѵʱ̾Լλ˼ˮѾתΪơ
޸̽ˮսһ£޸ع֮ıա
ǡ
һ̣ԼҲɾԼͷ
Ⲣȫ޿ܡ
ԭسãشš
Ҫ޸ֻ֮̽һĿܣҲ÷Ź
ϧҪδõ޸׼̱¥⡣
ݣһϪϵʵڲʸ޸ʿۣһѰԪӤʿҲûʸ޸̽
¥վƬ̣¶أ½ƺ΢΢ЩʪûټӾתȥ
ϪϣѵһҪͶھڻ޸ô
̷ȥҹɫУ㡣
ڣѾ˵ڸѡ
㡪
һģǲģô֪ܲӮ


182 
糾͵ʱ, ٺ⣬û뵽ôͻ㡣
̴˷ܹ˳٣ǽΪϪ, æµһ档
̣̽ͷ϶ñ, ̧һϴżҹ·ͣЪƣɫ˫ȴֻһƬ
̹Ȼһ, ϹЩ΢۵׵Ц⣺Ϫŵ, ʲô˵
ֻһݣΪϪΪѰĽ, ¼Ȩ, 벮ԭ¡
Բü, еҲû̫౻ƭŭ, һʵ, Ϊ£
ȻΪϪ, תͶ֮¡̶Ŀ, 
ǰ, Ϫ±㱻̵ĸ׾, еԼļ˵仰
仰, ٳ, ֻһ䣺漰֮, 㵱Ѿã
ЦˣвֶҡȻܶ, Ϊβܶģֻ󲮸Ϊ
ǿϪϺϵĹϵٴӦˡڶգ˳ʹڡ
̫ިǰϺڰ׽һо֡
ָһöƳɵӣ̣ȫδע⵽뷿ŵ̡
ǰһг֮Ϫ̣ϡ
οӲ̫ިûɽʿϢֻվǰҲ˲Сѹ
һ߳ĳĬ̫ި̧ͷסգ¶һ˫ۡ
Ŀ£ĪһԼ͸Ĵ
ϪϸڴˣתͶ㣬¿޸뾵ڣ̫ި쿪ڣżĵ
̲δɣ֮£ʧеá
Ϫ£Ըһͬ
ƾʲôãϪʸڱ¾һϯ֮أ̫ިüʡ
̶ѹصƾԼ
ܳıֻΪһ
㿴ĿΪΣ̫ިж˼ζĿϣпЩǰ̵Ӱӡ
̶Ŀ⣬һһģΪսˮɽپڲϡ
һʲôˮȻɽ٣ûɷһ
̫ިⷬؽָϣ֪ϣ̫ˣ
δʩѹɽʿϢҲ˴һѹȸУþȫֱͦڹΪ˻ҪһӴˣδҲ̫ɱˡ
ο໤׶
̺ǰչ¶Լʵ뷨䭻ǰֻǸȫСδ̫̫֮ިȴû˿׾֪ĿģԼòҪλ֪ǰ˵ѡ
һ̣̫ިпҰģһ޵Ұġ
Ч̫ިģգȡ֮ĻᣬҲԥ
һѵһ
̫ިЦˣָ΢ϱĺӱڿӹ̡
ͫ΢ʱӽס
ᣬ֤Լ
ڵõȨȻֻƾһ졣
̫ި仰̣Ҳְ಻סļ̫ިһ񣺡̣лϣ
պٴη·Ϯ걱࿤ǡ̫ިʾ£̵һ·ǣͲ㣬ΪҲֻԪӤʿв֮ԡ
ֶ̺ܿǿѹЩ֮ڣ忤ʱҲŹԭʿóϷ
֪Ϣ̲ס̾һҾǵ͹
Ϫһλʵۡ
һߵĶӣٱôò˳ֺۣ֣㵣ģ
ζԼϵɸֵĿ⣬Թѵ
̫ިʮ£̲δи˵ˮвʿӴ⣬ôʱ䣬Ҳ㹻޸̲㶯ҪʱڣפصЩǲܶ
ǰͼֳȻλϻѡô
Ҫβܽˮ֮ҪΣղò֣ʱ벻ס
̲³̫ި⣬ȴ֪Ҫ
걱ʮ̫ިҲ뿪㡣ñи죬յѶʱ̲һ˲Ȼ
öãԼɻܵõ
̵ϳ¥糺շںƵ֮䣬˲ԵЩС
ϡǰһ
̫ިתͷѻ೤ɢУδߣ̧֮ʱ˾һǵ
Ŀ̫ިϣ̵ĺһͣôҲû뵽֮£һԼʶõա
ʦ㡭ԭأ૵
̵Ȼϵó̫ިʮǰھȣòı仯̫
ھ̫ިйһ֮Եһ̣ķڷ
ûã̫ި¶¥նɱˮӣڳӴûʮɽš
żľϧλʦڷϵ裬ʲ㣬ڵ;϶ȻҲɾ͡
ǰڵǳ磬ҲڳϾϪҲиȻ©֮
ԭΪΪƽ̵䭣ϪϺݼҲƵҿΪʵ˲ݡ
¶¥֮£̫ިûʮɽ֪ôҲû뵽Լгһգټ̫ި
ʮʱǲ̣ʮɽ٣˭ǲܰ쵽¡
ǵã̫ި뿪ʱվǰŮɽڵΪα
̶ʮ꣬ʹΪˮ׷ɱľͽΪڲݽŪĶɽٴܡ
ʱ˿̵̣ԣҲ¶ɫ
Чҵϣ뵱ձľڴʦ㣬ԭһô
ϣûˡ̫ިڣдż
仰ڻعʶԼʧ̬һϡ
ôɲ̫ިЦһǹЩȡ
̵Ȼָ糣ǿƽէˣһʱʧ̬
̶̼Ϣ㹻
̫ިʲôݲҪҪǶɽʿⳡҾֵˡ
Լ𾪣֪˼λʱηӦ̲ס룬ȻЩڴһյĵ
걱ʮ£֪֮кηԸδһйؾڵľ£ʶȤתʾ
̫ިһˣֻܲΪ¶Լԭݡ
̧Զ̫ިû̻شĿԶӵɽϣãڿڣ֪Ҫβܽɽٴס
̳ĬڻδĴ𰸡Ȼ֪㲻óȻش
̫ިû̫ãٴε˴ɽãɲһ󡣡


183 
ڹռ֮, Χ󿤳Ƕ޸֣֮Ҫ£ģ֮ȫ޸, 㲻һ֮Сؽá
ΪԭΪ޸ʥŮԽЩʱչΪæҡ
, Ҳע㶯򣬾ȻﶼıУ㱳ɽٲò
ʱ, ԽüͷԽԽ, ҰʵڲСɱ˴֮Ҳ, 򱱼̲ʳ
سһս, ڶĴη, ЩǼ֮ơ
̡ڿʱ, ԽȻɫʱȥ㣿
ʵû뵽, й౨п̵֡Խǵ, ֮ǰ̴, ϪϢ
ѵʱʼ, ѾͶ, Խ̲סĻɡ
֮, 忤
, ԽҲ޷ŭ, £һ졣ڶŮ㶼Ϊ֮һע⵽ɫ, ׷Ϣҷ˿
˷̴˲սһݴͣ˲֪㣡Խŭؽϵɨڵ棬վȥ
ˣ׷ŹԼĸԣԽüĿŭδɢ
ϪϿɻϪأ
Ҳ֪£̬ȻҪƽࡣ
֮ǰСµǸ΢΢ͷ̬Ů˼
ʱ̿ʵڹ˳Ҳδ쳣
ԽЩ⣬ôǶǸ̻м͡
յԽһۣԽ㽫Ҫ޸̵ˣ֪ˣһʱ¡
˼ѵǻ뽫ΪãԽˣ̸ڴʱͶ㣬Ǳ޸̣Ӧϼӳͽ䣬Чȡ
û¶ļ⣬Ŀٴɳϡ
°׵Ĵˮֱ񣬲ݽ֮ĽҲˮ¡
֮ΪϪ޸뾵ڽҸͶȺڶӦݶѾ졣
Դɣϻ̳ˮ֮λԭͥ޸ѹʽ΢꣬Ϊµ󣬷֮ˣȫ޿ܹڲڣ˵ȶ֮ء
ֱʮǰݫiץסԽϵ޸̣辵ڻŵԽɢصĽٻء
꣬Ϊľ޸³ΪݵˣƫƫڴʱɱҹϷݡ
տȵɫģ㲢Χ߿֪㣬Ⱦָ걱֮ء
ָϵ˵㣬ǲŦȴܹ˴ֻȡ걱֮أѵη޸̣
һˮٴη׵壬Ϫˮǰϡ
˵Ǳͼʲô
һϲС֣޸ٲ֮£κ⡣
Խգ𿤡
ԱʮǣԷ𿤵ΪҪ´˴ɽضϵѡصģҲǴ˴
Խϲôţýѵѵˣ
δ֮⡣
ҲûΪ͵˼Щ˵̫ףûˡ̳ԼλãԽкܳ·Ҫߡ
ͬʱ𿤳¥ϣؿ̫ިɽΪ󡪡
ĿԶɽӺˮػۣһˣˮϪսϨˮɽٴճڻطг֮⡣
֮ˮֻʣɽ٣ҪԵĵȴɽ٣£ǲս֮⡣
̫ިǰԭȥ㣬ˮƫƣݶһɾϪ
δ𣬵䣬һıĲֻ̫޸ҪӴֶһ
̻عʵ֪ΪЩʲô
󷨳֮ǰ޸Խ걱ʮһ̫ިڣ
ɽΪ벼ɽҲվ
򴽣ռ䣬㶯̫Ʊ޸̾衣Ϊ廹̽޸Ӧп͹ģλùؼķ𿤡
ԣʮգΡ̫ި̣΢΢˴ǡ
̲֪ʮվǹǲ
Ժ֮صĽͼ޸̰Ϯ̶꣬Ҳ˽⣬ʵ
ϻ䱡ã̧ͷ̫ިҵ䣬ҿسʮ!
ʮڣ޸ԽԱһ
̫ިЦˣһọ̈䡣
սƣȫֹϢ̬֪֮ζʲô̫ިһݣ̣и
Σʮ죬̫ިһΡ
ֻʮգɽ󲻿ܳΣʱ̤֮ڣ̫ިҲȫڵóֽʮգ󷨳Ρ
˵ʲô糺緭̫ިʧڳ¥֮ϡ
ɽִףʱߴ֮ľ֦Ҷд̫ި˫ۣʶӣޱ
建һ̣ӿȥŨüҪʵʡ
̫ިΪģҫĿ˲䣬ƾʹ쿪Ϣ˰ɣ漴Զ
ؼķ类ǣţ˹켣ľ֦Ҷ⶯ȸתöɽȪƮԶ
һкУƺ󷨺ڽΪ̫ިĽҲֻһ֮䡣
Ҫ󷨣ɱˮɽ١


184 
Ը߿ӹ, ģΪһ
ڷ
̧ͷ, ϷȥɫȻ
ߵԣǴˣ
ʮգʵ, ô룬Ҳһ㡣
̵˵ͷתͷ벮ҵ, н𣡡
, ֻΧķпȥƽ졣
ʲôһ, Щû
𣿡ظ仰, ΪԼ, ǱĿǵΣҪĵط, Ҳ̫ðЩ
ƾʲô϶޸ֻ
, ޸̸ĵ, ˮ󡣡̳, ˮѴӳ, Ϊ, ޸̶Ȼᱣʵ
Ҿ, մʱ, Ϊ̽
̲סʣ, ׾ͻΪ޸ƣ
㾿ֲ֪̹𴽽ǣ֮, ʵʵ
Ļٲɳ̾һãԼˡ
ȻѾǲ㣬ұѯһô¡ٳŵ
ûжԣֻ֣һ
ѡһ档
սΪ˷ˮնȻǰʱϽ֣޸ûκκô޸ڶɽ£ʿ
뿪̿ɳ̣ԾûзɡҲж飬ΪԼΪǲǣŻ㡣
ٷųŵǰΪѹ
ǱϾͬһʵҲѪʱϵȻᾡ
̶ռ䣬Խ޸ʿִ⣬ٳ£ڡ
ų¥ϵ̣Խɫұ޸̣ҪڲԽ֣ʿ𣬹ǽ
ʿײһɱ
պһѪ»ص¥֮ϣϵƣɫ
桭ǰؼҲΪѪȾ죬ҲмѪֻۣΣϾ˼
ͷһ۳ɱʿƣѾ˿ʮˡ
Խٷ̱֮ڴ˴ʿ䡣
޸Ҫ̤𣬾ͱ̤ʬף̵׿ڶԷʿÿһֶ
Щʿǲִٻ£зǳֶβסʿ
ڵʲô͸ɫ濪ʵ
ȻסδѾջɡ̻ص
⼸ռ䣬޸̵ĹƱ֮ԽңΧǲȻѲֹ̽
Է𿤵ƣҪԲԶһʼ̫ިδܼʱϵӦ֮£Ѿʮգδ˵Ǳʲôסֽš
յĻʶһ㡣
ǰдǣ񣬾Ӧ̫ިʱ䣬аավڳǽϣüͷ塣
·޸ٴηƣѪĽȾ˽ء
ʱһѹȻ˷ϣвֳ־֮ɫǿסΣû˫ȥ
Ҳɱɫɽ١
ա
Ѿ˴𰸣޸̽ԤƵ¸ӹһ˻ɣ㺷Ȼ֡
һߣ޸ڶʿ¶ϲɫ̫ˣǽ
Ȼˣ𿤱ǵ֮
̵˻˻سУ
ڶɽʿǰЩʿ϶ѣʵڲν
ͬʱʿ֣һܣΪʿһ㳷ʱ䡣
ɽٵ棬ȫȻ֮Կ˼
ЩɬǶɽٵֻҪһ֣Ըıս֡
֪ʱΣʱĵĲΣһ㡣
ת¡
Юǽһ£ȼĻܱ˲飬һѪȥ
һ̣ٴγ֣ƻۣƺΪɫ
־֮ɫһԶΪҲܶ㿪ҲһƬȻڶɽʿǰǺ޻֮
֮ʣӶ˲㽫¥С
µײһನڳ¥֮ޱ߷ˡ
һͣǱƵ˺ɡ
ͷ·ƣͫһǡ
ʯ֮䣬ٴζ֣εĿȴˣǵơ
ϧǳˡ
Ʋ죬·𣬾ķȥ
б䣬µһһأȴֻһ˲漴޲»ָ
Ŀ𣬷еʿܸܵǹ̵֮۾ʱ¶ϲɫ
ɽ󣬳ˡ
޸̽٣ʧԶӭŮЩ翵ǺԶǰ
̫ި˲Ϣڷ⣬ذȹɢȥķܣ
ԶԶһ񣺡̣иΡ
޷̫ިûпֻǵˣѾס
˾ϵñ̸á
̶̼Ϣ̫ިξѾǰѻ೤䣬յĿв˿
ֶθòǣնǰŮɭ
һ٣ٶرСƣ
ŭٴζ֣Я֮ƶ
̫ިûжɽΣڴ֣޺ô
תӽĻˮһǰжȥ̫ިָ΢յھµ˳ȥ
ɽڣ̫ިһ֮䡣


185 
û뵽, ̫ިµ󷨱Ԥ
ɽڣ̫ިϢɽٳڣ֮, ޷СǰռϷ硣
סΣ̫ިĿ䡣
ԭռԱ⣬ԴΪ, סˮͬҲס޸̣
Ϫ֮, ˮ
յĳǸ, ֪ʱʶ̫ިڡ
Աʮ, յԿɽһ, б, ֱ̫ިάǰ, ճԼƲ󷨡
ˮ, һ, ·Ͼ, ޡһƽҪ, Ϊ޸ر, ԼҲΪճҪĿꡣ
Ψռ, ˮɹ˿, ȫȻ
˼, ̫ިۣҪ䭣ˮɽ١
֮ǰܹնɱ, ҪɱճҲǲ֮£̫ިûΪµİá
ݵ£޸̺;ôܲɣ
̫ިӰһɢԭأƷ磬˲Ϣڰ֮⡣
ƻۣϯգڷ죬ʱ˿̣ԽԱ䡣
תǿлһ
ֻɽУ˼Ҳ޷糣ָٶҲࡣ
Ŵǣ˫ĿԿ̫ΨԼξ졣
ز˵ǰŮطԶʤԼ
޸һϹŵʥΪУʥղŵط
ʧ֮ʣ̫ިѾԣռʱϵѿһ϶ֱۺۿȥЩĿ
Ѿܶûܹˣɽ֮³Źһʱ̵˶ࡣ
ס̫ިµƷ磬ػ̶̼Ϣ֮䣬ѾУҫҫüûܿ壬ֻܸܵһһɢһƬңþ޷ƽϢ
ӽڰĹҲδɡע⵽һ㣬ɫ
̫ި֣ȻΪһʱ֮Ϊ̽ɽѰƽ֮
ֱڣջδ֣ɽƷԶʤ֮䣬δֹ󷨡
ǰŮ˭
סϰ̫ި𴽽ǣյ˽ã񣿡
кâش𣺡лָ̣ģ
Ҫά󷨣ıضСҪܳ϶áղսȥ
ϪˮҲԸ
̫ިǲվתӽ
΢ɼһͣɽڵк֮ƴѣϧ̶ֻ̼Ϣ㽫֮عֹ
ˮ𣬾գԭء
̫ިҲڴʱԣ˶һƣˮν䣬ÿһκ񶼴֮㶴ʿԣԼҲΪ֮ˡ
ξȥҵţطˣղѪڣǿƳ󷨡
û°ɣԽ첽ϵԣ
̧֣ʾ޷ǿƽӿѪ˱
˱Խû뵽Լĸ׻дǴʱ˱ô֮ǰ࣬Ƕ׷ˣ
˵ЩʲôձͶȻһƳԽѾߵĻȥĵӦһǡ
ûйע̧ͷȥ֮УŮѻ೤ɢУ̬Ȼ
Уʱ
֪ݵƣվǱˡ
ջĿ⣬Ůʧԭء
ͬʱ·˵޸ʿڲɴһһ޸˱ˣ
Щִ֮һʿ֮Ѿˮ˲µ޸ˣѷɫࡣ
ƣ̫ިߣһ񣺡ϡ
Σò̫ިֶĿջأڡ
в̫Ѿ̻ϲ
ˮΡ̫ިֵЩʱգΪɽϾˡ
æˮѴӳ룬ԷٶȣҪ겻ռ䡣
ż룬µҲ֮޶ɽ򣬻Ϊˮȡˮжꡣ
Ҳ˵䣬һǱ̵ҲˣΪס𿤣ͬһ㣬Ѿ߲ʮա
̫ިйüĿżǣϣֻ·һս֮Ϣʱա
ٿ㣬ָѾ㿤̫ިδ͸¶ţڣ㽫Գ㡣
޷̫ިصذȹڷзֻɽۻǡ
ԣһۣԥƬ̲ſڣϡˮûѡֵ꣬Σ
Եѡأʵճﲻ£˭Ҳûбʤա
ճ﹥㣬޸
ġ̫ިżĻص
̲̫ףճѵʲôòɣ
̫ި쿪ڣΨй꣬ɽ󡣡
ˮѡ±꣬Ϊ˴ǲŦΪˮ֮ͨγɽƣֻҪ֮رΪһƬء
Ҳ˵ֻҪճջ꣬㣬޸
ĽƿˮԭҲûʲôôһۼ޷ոˮһ£ʿ
ǰϪˮϳ˴
ˮôˡֻûѪҺתΪĽƿ֮ػξ
תΪȻЩ䣺ˮʲôɥĲ֮£Ҳֵ֡
ЩΪ΢ĩԵɣжˮ±Ƽҡ
һߣɽεӳ˰죬Զɽʿĸ֪ճ˳ӣʮԶʱҲ֪
Է۾ۣ򱱷ɫǴʮɽӣ˷
걱ʮΪǺôֱʣ
򱱶УˮƮƵĻռԣմȾļΰѪ䲻ǰҫǡһˮʿ顣
޸ıľδɨƽҲң϶ѵˮôͷˮӷѹԹ
˵ʲôˮǲ֮겻ôΪСС޸̶ҡλֻҪڣǱ㷭ˣ
Ѿˣ̫ϳ϶ˣ˴޹
ֱʣˮڲҲʼĻ̡̻
ճھУʶɿ죬ɽʿʶ֪̽ʮΡ
ӽɫĸ֪УճδԥԼʶײȥ
һ̣תˮһʶ⡣
Ůߣ·ͨ
֮ڣճ͵ۣһѪ


186 
ճת, 𵴵ʶڵƽ֣ɫ
Ȼֻʶ֪̽, ҪʶҲ¡
Ů·ڶߣճɫ, 㱳Ķɽ٣ʵĪ⡣
޸뾵֮δƽϢ, ϾƶˮԽճԭͬΪɽʿ޸̽, £ĸ֪ҲתΪ
ɽĳ, ճʶ, ̫ިױܽĶɽʿ
΢ڿи, лް, ֪˶ãһź۵ӰȻھ֮С
˰, ˻Ƽɬ, ̬ʮĹ, ̫ϳϡ
ˮ, Ϊ̫ϳϵճ, ǵλڸɣϻĴڡ
ճĿ, 鲻ʲô仯, ڣǸʲôָʾ
ǰӰ, ɣϻεӰֻһ˺Ӱ֣ζɣϻѾء
ɣϻֻӰǰ, ζµξãһ㣬ֻճ֪
޸̵ȾƼɡӰٴοڣ֮˲
ճû̻ش𣬾ڵĹЩ谵ӰУʧϢ
ãڿڣ֪ˡ
ͬһʱ䣬Ϫڣݫi֮ڣЦԭ뿪ˡ
̵游뿪㣬ĴմԼһ˶Ϫ꣬ϪѾ
ֻϪϵļ֮λ̵ĸ׼̳УƣΪʵڱȲԼףͣڻ󣬱ٲô
ʿüѣΨһŮڼԶʤ˺󣬱˳µؼ̳֮λм
ѳˮϪһضʿո¶ͷǣԵЩĬĬš
˭Ҳû뵽֮ǰ̻᲻꣬Ͷ㡣ʿΪǣһʱ䣬ݶΪ֮𶯡
Ϫʢڴ֮ǰ˭뵽λɽ٣ֺȨ
ʱݫiΧһУЦʼղġ
Ϫеõˣһุյ̴Ѷ󣬱㾡ǲǰǰȥͲѺ󣬴Ϫ֮ڵļҵʵ޷֮Ȼ
ԭǱݫiҡ
̴㴫֮ʱձ㴫ݫi˾ȻЩվһݫiĵ
ุ뼸ϽȻκ⣬ڴˣ̡
ݫi֪ûп룬ʼŵЦ⣬̬ȿº
ݫiԽѾ»ԼⲢζƴӡ
ƩʱȷյĻϪϣȴҲͼุͨϵ̣Ի
޸̺;ѣˮ֮һۡ
ڱУุʱҲֻݫiԣ̴Ѷ
еˮģһƬϪԶս֮ʣңѶʱʧ顣
ֹƬ̣ˮڽ̵С
áݫi̧ŮЦ
ͬϪݼҺж꽻飬ݫiһá
̿һԼףŽĿŲݫiϣȻּ֪ϣкָ̡
ݫiЦЦýΪսˮʵ˳·ݷòһ
ǰС
ȲϪ˳ᢣױΪ޸ʮǡ
Ŀţ̵˿δ·磬˾ǳĬ
ãݫiſڣƬţϳıܣ˽Уʵ
֮⣬Ҫ̼̫ͨިһ档
޸ʥŮ»Լ֦ͬǼϣкο˵̳˳ǣЦⲻ۵ס
ݫiЩԶΪ޸̵־ܴڡ
˵أ̵ɫЩ䡣
ݫiɫǰºͣ˵Ļȴ쳣˽պ㣬һֻδ֮ܳŭ
ͬΪɽʿݫi໤ุ˾㲻Ҳù
̿׻Լҡҡͷ˼ϲټҵΪɽ£Żһ¡
˵䣬㲻ٹ˼ǡЩǻʲôԹŮġ
̱ۣжˮ
ڣݫiܶʲôֻҪԽĵλԽأϪԽҶĸΣ
ɽ֮ϣ̫ިӭ۷
Ժ̧һɫ쳣ϡ
̫ިĿϣָ΢һ΢ɼȻȹƮƮ̫ިġ
ǡͫ΢ʶԼȹǣȻȫԼϱ׷
ǷŵˮݫiˮѶĿ̽Ρ
̫ި£֣ǵ鿪
̵ͷϣ
ΪװΣ֮ʣѵôˡݫiĿģǼϣǽ̽Ρ
̫ިûж˵ʲôֻ䵭´Σȥ췣
̳Ӧǡ
̧ͷ̫֮ި͸¶һ⡣·ӣһʱûϾݫi㣬գҲЩϢˡ
ϣ𻺻Уɢľơ
̲ɺһͣԿ϶öһֻɽޡ
µòǴӽȡµСɽ廨£ö̫ިС
ûΪ̫ިʱϷ·ȼһ档
һХҶ˲ϢʧƲ֮
֪Ǿڵķ
ڣݫi֪Լϵ׷ʧЧЩϧҲδùʧϾҲֻǸ̽
𣬲ڵԽԸӣҲδǼ£ݫiʰ׶ϣʼŵЦ⡣
Ͼھǰ棬ʼջһ޸̡
˼֮ʱݫi
̧ͷֻҷŻȻɵ
Ҳһ˲䣬µڣĿ͵˫ۣɽСϣȻ֣ͼ
ϧǳһ
סβʱͬһ̽ݫiĿڡ
½ϻһѪɫĻݫiеһʹϮûܿ£Ȼܶÿ
ǰѣΣһѪλȥ
ܶ󣬲ʿˮ£ݫi乭̫ިĿڡ
һ
ʱסݫiŭԣɽʿѹ޼ɵغɨһƬҡ
˲лΪ촷ۣ䭺ϧתΪݫiס
жɽٴ֣ܳݫiȻᶪȷݣ˿
֪кδ㣬Ҫ˺֣䭽ϵϢݣŭ⡣
紵ۣɽ֮ϣ̫ިȻصΪЩԹ
뾵ڣ֮䣬ֻʣԹδ㡣


187 
ˮ뿪֮, һ·򱱣ָꡣ
ִ֮ǰ޸̵̽Ѿ±ա
˴ʱ˿, պάסɫԭΪԼڴˣճﲻѡӲӲ, û뵽ˮֱȡ꣬ȫδԥ
һСԸ
, ˮ, ѵ᲻ɣԽ˵, ˮֻ, ȡȵأ
ֻ, ˮȫ, ޸δס
ˮ󹴽ᣬҲһ˲Ļ, ܿ㱻ˡ
С, ˮ̵, 쿪, ͡
ˮȫȻ㹥ռ, ֱȡԼ, , δ֡
ѵ, ˴ճﲻòµɣüˣΪʲô
þò, Խסˣڵǽô죿
ˮɻɽʿճΪǲڰ֮£һжѿɼһߡ
ûлش̧ͷԶЩɫ붬ˡ̶֮䣬ݵľΪһ֪Ů˴䡣
ʲôݣݵõʲôֱڣڣ֪ա
ãڿڣѶϪԮ
ƣܳ޸̣סģֻ䭡޸뾵ѣ˷£ȻӲ
Ѷܿ㵽Ϫ֮أʱ˿̣չΪݫiˣϾˡ
ϰԶ̫ިΪɽپʵ£ЩҪݫi
ʱɫ԰ףĿвŰҲδ¶̫ʹ֮ɫ
ݫiǸ̵ˡ
аɫӿǣ𴽽ǣǲδ־塣
ǵĪϤȴһʱδɡ
Ͼ̫ި뿪ڣȻʮˡ
䭵ɫֻһƬȻݫiƺأΪ˲Ӱδ;ΪʱʮСġ
ֱڣ䭶δ̫ͨިΪҪݫi֡
աòδû֪ƵĶɽ٣նɱı
Թ˼̫ިĻ䭸⣬iܣ
ȻһΪŭָȻݫiҪ
ҲΪԭ򣬵괫Ѷʱ޷̶飬޸󣬾ã̱ǰȥ
ݫiδָ䭱㲻ڴʱ뿪ֻܴѶգϼոϵ
޸Χն֧Ųˡ
˷常꣬һ׮ôݫiĮȻ뵽
޸ѣ䭽ɽ֮ǰޣ޸Ͻơ
˳֮ǰΪڻ޸£սʧСҲֵ޸ˡ
常ϲȨıƣϣ㲻ˣΨбơĵӿ¡
޸뾵йͬĵˣͬ飬гһգˮ𣬶߱עǶ֮ơ
֮Уյ䭻ţŭһӶʱ뷨ݫiıϡ
ԣǽˡ
̧ͷϷˮֻٷʶϿͶһƬ޴Ӱ
ˮȻˡ
սƮҡϢˮʿ£Ϯսһ
ʿײһʱճˮһɽվڴͷ侲·δ֡
ʱ򣬲ܣе֮뽫乥£һ֮
ʱ֣ճ̽
սңռ䣬ճйν֣ˮһɽڳΪ󣬲·硣
޸δѶڣߴ䭡
գˮ󿰳ƷĹ£޸رսһȻչ㿤ȵأԴ
ʮɽУˮ޸޷Խ׳ذ벽
ڣ޸Գ֮ʱڷΪƽ̵ϪʿԮ꣬Χˮ
֮ʱɽƣɾ
̫ިڴ˴Ϊɽ紵ģ°ȹ
ڵȡ
ɣϻ಻סԳ֡
̫ިӦǸɣϻµΣҲȷӲдεزǷѾأΣлƻһս
һɣϻ֣Ϫضǵճ￪ƣɽƣˮȫ˵Ŀܡ
Ȼ̫ިּġ
ΨճڴˣˮĴֱɣϻʱ̫ިʤ㡣
⣬ʯ˲ͬɣϻΪԼ޵ãȴжɽٺڵʵֻδܵõɽΪƥ
ͬʱΪ˸ɹǿ֮ɣϻҲ;ĩ·
Զɽٺڣ̫ިȡʤİҲ󡣸οȼðαӵĶɽɵˮɣϻ⣬жɽڵճ
ɣϻãǾ֤α̫ިԤƵĸΪ⣬ڼӰˮĹؼʱҲء
ɣϻ飬ĿԲ
ˮԲô꣬޸̴ѹ̧ͷĻǸԶ
֮ұǰǰ˰겻ֹɣϻʵҲδ˥̫
͸Żް֮ɫɽ֮䰲쳣֮Ҳšƺޱ޼ʵӿӽĿѣԡ
̫ިۣ˯˹ȥ
֪˶ãɽķͻȻ˷򣬷Ʊ֮䣬һ籩
һֻϿݵڴʱǿ˺ѿռ䣬ϮС
̫ިۣ־ۣܣ̧֣µһơ
ײɷ粨ɢ粨Ʒ鿪Ʈɢ
̶̼Ϣ£Ƶ֣תΪ̫ިжȥϲɣϻ
ѻɫĳɢڷУתֻݵֱˡ
ʮǰϪ֮ڣɣϻ˺գ֮⣬ֻһƣ̫ިˡ
ڣ̫ިѾ׽һơ
Сʵ
ֳһУ˻Ƶɣϻڣ̫ިܽһƣȻЩ⡣
̫ި̧УѹܸЩǡ
仰дϢһͣɣϻɭ˭
Ϫ֮ڣΪڣδлָ̡̫ިٴοڣǳЦ⣬ذ䷭Ȼ
ؼķһ˲ͣͣһ̣ƿֲȻдӿŭ⡣
ԭ
ǰնɱʯˮѲõԪӤԭ
ڲڽƣˮɽ٣Уɣϻβеŭ
̶꣬ȻѾɽ٣
ǰ̫ިֻɣϻһԪӤȻ֮һսʵ
ԪӤɽٵģ֮䣬񲻹һˡ
ǣ𡪡
̫ި


188 
˵, ǰСɽһս֮ô, ¡
ɣϻȻ֪̫ި֣ǰŸ, Ͼˮһ·
ֻ뵽ҴԼŮڶ̶֮, ΪʸԼԵ
ʱֵҲ֮£ɣϻ, £Юޱƾ̫ި
ȹ, һ, ӿеһҶ, ƺʱ㸲Ŀܡ
Ҳǿܰˡ
εķ, Ϣ֮㽫Ũƻ⣬̫ިվԭ, ѻɫĳڷɢ, ʼ, ζδ
ɣϻ, Цһ, ʵˮΪ, ֮Ϊʱ, ֿʹ
з, ǡɣϻ˿飬̫ި˵ģԶҡˮܡ
һй¶, ˮǳ뱱ڶվ˶棬ͩҲ֮֡
ˮαŰ޵δ亦ʿУٻǽ¶ˮ˳ͷβаħ˵ö֮֮Ҳ˳ز֣д֮¡
֮⣬ɣϻзӿŨɱ⡣
ϣ֪̫ˣá˻ڣͬĶڰţŻ
ӭ̫ިֻһƬĮȻɱҵ˲٣ϧǶˡ
С
ɣϻԣЦһΪƾ󷨣ʸϷǰô
ɽٳɽٺ֮䣬ǵ
仰ȷ
̫ިһ㣬ɣϻжɽٺڵΪҲˮڣꡣ
ռ϶⣬ƷγУϿݵ̽ơǣһͷòߣÿһöƬʵ亮âֻһۣ
Ϣ֮䣬īɫӣ֮ơ
һͳ˻ţſ̫ި
۹ĶܻۣЮΣֺצ̬
̫ިָ̧֣ڰ֮ʣڿдͷġ
ĳεϷ谵Ƕ˫Ŀ
ɲ֮䣬еӽ֮ɫƺʹ˻˹
ڰײޱ߷ɢ֮ʱߵǴ绯Ϊޣ̲סһȻ
ٶδֱֱ֮С
Ҫƿһ޳ײ֮Уһ̣˷ڱεڵؼ⡣
ӽâ鿪ʧ֮ʣɣϻǿ˺յֻѪ죬һ˺ɼǡ
ԼС̫ި
ʱ䣬Դʿԣת˲̫ި̵ʱԪӤһ·ͻɽ٣¼صĴܡ
Ũƻۣǵδɢȥɽϣ̫ިȥǵѪʼǳЦ⣬Գַſ
š
С㡣ɣϻڣǰˮ󲻸ôʧŻɽ
һк֮£ûʯʱնɱ̫ިһ׮
̫ިЦж˼ᳰ֮⣺ֻǰô
ʮǰϪڣͲñ뿪Ļᡣ
ʮǰϪڡ
ټ֮ڣϱϪżǾ޸̾죬ϪҲ
ɣϻĴڣʮǰϪǾڣûֵ࿴һ۵ļֵ
ڶʧɣϻһ¡£úųƶɽµһ˵Ӧǣˮһѩòչ
ƺһ˫۴ɽӣ䳹ǵĿͶ̫ިϡ
ͽݡ
̫ިÿɷֶЦ
ʮǰ¶¥ϣնɱɣͥǱ𡣡
ǰϪ֮ڣϹŶΪ֣ıˮɣƳһ˵ȣɱʯǱ𡣡
ǰɣīµģǱ𡣡
ǰ֮ڣѪˮʧɽٵģǱ𡣡
֪ɣ˺񣬿ɻ⣿̫ިЦʡ
֮ʣɣϻŭ⼸ҪʵʣǣңĿɼƺЩŤ
̫ިըѿȴ־Ϊ
Ƿ̫ިΪ֮ΪıǼŭɣϻ
ʱŭԳ˵ͷԣԼЩʲô
зʲô
ؼķȻøк󣬱ǿ˺ѵķ϶֮ƣй¶ƿɲϢ
ɽ˸ţ䲻ظı
һ̣رɫƹܡ
ڣ϶֮ʱǲظһ㣬ѡ
̫ިڻ޲󷨣вľһһƺطת
Ǵʱɣϻţ̫ިʤİգϧǡ
кʱĲӽۻҵٶת̫ި̧֣ͬк
˶δ´ԡ
ײ֮ʱƬеʱҲ
̫ިϣתס塣֮ϵĽ·Ϊܹ٣Ҳɴ
̫ިϸѳ˿ڣȴЦŵģɣ֮£㲻ˡ
ʮǵһ˲Ϣ鿪̫ި׷űɣϻ˺ѵĿռ䣬к¡
ˮڣɣϻƵúҪȲסΡ
̫ި仰ʱڲѪŭ֮£͵һѪƣ֮ڣ֡
Сҡ


189 
һʼ, ̫ިǿ֪ɣϻԼʲôΪǼŭ
Ψʢŭ֮£ɣϻŻ᲻֡
ɽ, Խǿ̫ިԷǿƾһ㣬ŵԶɽٳΪ, ǿб˶ɽٺڵɣϻ
һսĴҲǾ޴󣬵ɽʮ˲Ĵ촷, ⼸ѾֵһСԴ
, ̫ިĿȻɡ
ս֮ɣϻ֮, ˮʣɽ, עҪꡣ
̫ި, гζ, һսɽ֮, Ҳᡣ
򹦷֮, ǿȱԶʤͬʿ, , ռ, ް˶֡
ָ΢, , ̫ިͷɲ, ⡣
𣬷ִѶ㣬һ, öˡ
ʧЩĻҰʣ̫ިûм뿪ת
ԭҵǣлƽȺӿ뾭֮У޲֮
̫ިۣŻܣľƺҲõڷ˸⡣
֮ڣֽ̧ס߶ĴѶ⣬ʶɨϲɫһ
̣꣡
㼯֮ʱѾ޾ս֮С
֮ʱ޸ǰõķػӦˮԽԽռʱղ޸һ˿ս
һձ㲻ò֣Իسѹ
Ȼܾ꣬˴ռ޸̾ݴ˵رɷ֮أ𲽲ʳܣ
οоں䭳֣δزסֻҪһ˿ܣնԸġ
ڱƳպճˮһɽٳ⺷Ȼ֣£ɽʿսײΪ֮ɫ
ɣϻڴʱˮճ֣ȴ̫ިɽ¡
û̫ިձһ²ҲΨаһ;
Ͽ𣬶ɽʿϯɽʯѡɲͬײһʱѷѽ⡣
ֱʾڶʿϵ֣Ҷ羪ס
ޣ̫ިݣѧ١뿪ʱ̫ިδǰ١
䭳֣ѹʱΪ֮һᡣ
սȼգɽʿĻսҲա֮ҾѸģΪˮճꡣ
ֻҪƣϪҲãҲգض֮شԪˣһˮҲ˴Ϣ֮
꣬ϪƳɣˮ㸲ǰճ֮·
Ϊ̫ϳϣˮǧ꣬һ׳ôķ˥䡣
ճﲻϧ˻ˣĹ£վ⡣޸̽꣬ı㶼ʹա
䭵ɨ·ֻս֮УڶˮӲϧԱϪʿͬھѪȾɫأƵսڷƮֻʧϢʬס
ʿվҲֻѪ֮ˣ
䭵˫ΪһĻʹˣЩµʬУоڵӣǰգǻУһƽ̺á
֪ƷˮĹƱذν֮ʱ䭻޷֮Ȼ
ˣעԶҲĵִˡ
Խв˼˵ıһˮһɽٳڵʿ⡣
Ůۿгţȥ硣
Ȼ˵ȥճһۣѹٶٴαǣָצץҼ硣
Ƿ飬յβһ˲㼰ʱճһ࣬һѪ
Ѫסʹǿаճɾʧȥƣ׹ȥ
ԽһĻʧе
˲ΪޣǰԼĸס䭵Ķ죬ճ˳վ¡
˴ʱϪһƾԣǱ볷ꡣ
ɫ԰׵ò˿Ѫɫҧڣҵ꣡
Ψ׿޸˲Żӡ
Խĵؿһǰ޸ɫս죬ˣ޸̳˳ѡмֲʡ
ɪУذȹһȣŮƮȻ졣
жɽΪ̫ިɲǣȫ
˿Ѫ䣬̫ި̧֣Ѫһ̷
ƺڸ֪ʲôתȴˡտսѾǿ֮ĩ
Ѫڶ⽫ŮӴ͸һ˲һʢŵݱµĻ
˵Щʲôͽ͵죬վδܷκ
ͬϢȺӿɢ֮䣬һ̣ľһص䣬Ҳ𽥿¡
˴ȻʧĶɽϢҹөһʱĿ⿴̫ިķ
߸ϣסգԭأѩȾ˳
㱳Ķɽ٣
㡪ճϳ̫ިǰɽϢǰһ޶
ҹսȥʵЩǱһҲԺùաǶɽڣ
һ۳ʧϢ壬ճһһˣΪ
ʵȻ˴𰸣ʱ˿̣̫ިԭټ򵥲ڵõȷдǰǱżֲʵʵڴ
۷̫ިβ˲Ϣճ֮ڡ
΢΢ƽɱ㡣
£ѪУճڴ͸


190 
ճû뵽̫ި, ΢΢ͷŴԼθд̳ѪУһŭ, ǿн֮⡣
Ѫ䣬ճһȻȾ죬һ, ʶ̫ިʵѰɽٳڵʿǰȻˣҲһս֮, ̫ިѰɽٳڡ
ճô, һ㶼壬ԥת, ˵ơ
˴ʱ, ̫ިԲĻ, , ˸ͬһ, ԡѪճС
˫, ǿ˺, ٴζ, ȴӰ, ޷ѡ
̶̼Ϣ, ˸, Կ״
ճٴγʱ, ѾΪޡ
ɭĿ̫ިϣճĿ, ǰŮգ꣡
˭ЦԼڣҲ
ճбѵԼѾĩ·иΪǣ°ܣ֮һʧˮ֮Ʊء
ˮѵġ
̫ިިƽؿճ亮âնذȹǷɣƮȻɡ
߽ճаɫ̫ިӿЩʹĵ
ҪԱ
ɽʿԱ껯һƬ档
̫ިȾϱɫճ³һ֣⡣
֮ʣճڱǵʹһֳ֮ͣɫطǽط˵ز
̫ިûиٶֵĻᣬ̧֣£ָ⡣
ճһըѿ޾Ѫ䣬ŻѪ.
ˮ󴫳񣬶ʧô
ճͷ˫ĿѪᣬȥˮķԶȥ
ɽڵѹһɢȥзХбϲ
ע˷ʿЩţɽڵĴܣȻ֮ˣ
ճ֮ʱ·ԭѾˮʿˣɽսˮעܡ
֮ʣά־棬ʿ⳷ȥ
Ŀ̫ިϺ䭱ԭء
еӰǰŮغϣǸܣʮǰ뿪ʱֻʿǰŮǽɱˮɽٵĴܡ
ճ֮ʣ٣ֱֱ̫ި
̽Լϵ֣̫ި䣬䭱ˡ
Ϊβʾˣ䭿ڣԼΪŶ˼ָɬ
ô
ô
䭣̫ިֻһƬ䵭δֲθɡ
ɽڵѹ£Ƶ޷ٽ벽
ݡ֮ʣԽ϶ԼĲ²⣬ૻ֣иԡ
̫ިһᷳ
ָ΢ϵ߱绯ɻң¶ա
ʮǰȣ̫ިò̫仯ֻǶɽڵѹӳ֣˸ֱ
̲סס˺˶
㱳Ķɽ٣ݡ
һоԹ֡
ԭˡ
̫ިĿ⣬ֽźΪЩľ
֪ΪΣ䭺Ȼ̫ި뿪Ǹҹβմˮתδͷ
ʮꡭ
ԭѾʮꡣ
Զ̫ިȥʱסյԽͫ΢΢ŴΪȵľ㵶ԳһƬհס
ݡ
㱳Ķɽôݣ
ʮ֮ǰ뿪ʱֻΪˣʮ꣬ΪξܳΪɽٴܣ
ܣôݡԽҡͷôҲԸһ㡣
µҩڵϢۣ˵ʲô
ã;ͽһģһԽԸ̫ިԼʶõǸˡ
̧̫ިڲݵԭô
ţ䭣̫ިڿڣûκѾˡ
Ѿˡ
һ̣ͷԿɬȻڣ˭
ݣ˭
̫ި
ȹԣ̫ި磬ϲκζ
ǰУΪ£̤֮֮ʱᱻ̸ֺ⡢ճˡ
ıѳɣҲ¸ݱ¶㲻ôҪ
仰ע˴ʿ¶ɫڶ΢¾ƵʿҲ֪̫ި֮
¼䣬ӦҲûеڶ̫ިĶɽٴˡ
ʧ֮ʣ̫ިٴγ֡
Ʒ£䭵βܿƵɳ޸Ӫ֮Уļŵվȡ
̫ϡԣռЩҧгݵ֣𺣬ֵģԭ
սҡ裬졣
·ʹޣڶʿԶһУ.սʺ
̧֣ңң̫ިһѾִ꣬ϷԸ
ʿڴˣͬһͷƴޣ껢
̫ި䭣ڣϪսˡ
ѡ
ţվǶɽٳڣ֣¹˭δ֪տ䭣Щ˻ơ
̫ިճﶯ֮ʱѾ˵ҩϢֵָʵ
վľó꣬һ޸ЩʱյıæǾΪ¡
ɫⷬգҡͷ˽Ҳܶ֡
նʱɫ䣬䭣Ŀ絶ʵ޸뾵ԼŴԣɣ
ŭмֲԾδ̬ȣҶ١Ƿ֣࣬
ۣռҪ仰ЦˣΣ˭۸˭
ǰ޸˵Ǻ£ձ㳢˱Ӧ
Ϫ⼸ˮһսȻأǴʱ㿪սֻ֪жͬ䭶ҡҡͷ˽ˮȻܣʵڲν
䭿ĵˮҪƷҲˮδһͳݵҰҪˮȻˣ㲻ֵʿȥ
֣һų˵Ѷš
ˣֻ𣬼Щվȡ
Խ
ǿЦ
˽ҪЩѰʿΣ
̧ͷϷ̫ިҧأ𡭡
룬Ȼ̬˳ѡ
Խǿ壬˱
ˮʿܱ֮޸Ҳò֮ȥͬʱǰΧϪʿҲȥֻûϢʬףѪѣɫ
ĺУƮţռ֮ء
¶ʮ궬̫Աʮǣɽ󣬱ˮɣϻ
Խգ꣬ɱˮɽʿճ⣬޸̽˲Уʽʿ˳ꡣ
ԴˣŦ겢ܱ㣬


191 
Ϫ, ϸլ
ݿµڴϣ΢˫ۻǲ, Ӱһ
ˣϪļ䭵ĸ, ݫi游
ʳڣױ뾵ڣڳΪƽ̺, лصլʱš֮, ݫiĸɱΪ˱, ݫi游¡
һ, ټݼ, ˼ͻ, ôסıҲֻݫi游
, ϵ˿Ҫˡ
ԪӤʿԭ, Ϊ˴̿оȻдһϢ, ݫi游, Դһ˥
, ѾǷҩĽ, ǴӸʼɿݵ, Ѿ޷֦
ݫiһ, ǰʼ游ǹӲд, ǲס
ϧ常ϻˡ
ݫi˻ڣ仰Уƺ͸Źɳĺ
ݫiԣӦһǡ
ء˻ĿͶʵ
ݫi΢ס游ڼС
ںδ
ݫiûлش˶ǺȻ˹һһȥˮˣãֽ͵˳
˫ǵ͸âݫiɫδ˶ݷֺЩ谵ԷУš
ġݫiڣڳţֻҪˮܻ
Ҫ㷢ģƽƽػؼң
˿ָͬӥצһɫΪ˳ԵЩ԰ס
ڳõĳĬڴá
֣ڷɿ֣૵㲻
㲻Ȫ䣬Ҷټ㣬Ȫ֪Ҳԭ㣡
ȥб飬ȥйɾ˵Įãٴεá
ϻ˫ĿɿݵִӰմʧ
һɢݫiڴ齱ߣӰУ˿Ρ
һϸլеģ㵱ֻʣһˡ
䭸ϻϪ֮ʱݼҸլ֮һƬء
֮УݫiվڹǰŲһТع԰ɫڻ常
̫ިһƣݫiлΪҲܺȫ
䭺˫ۿ׹餣ɫƣʱЩȲסΣˡ
ϻδȫȥѩ˭ҲóǴҴҸ˻
常Ϊ£游δ˹ݫiο
ȴֻҡҡͷʲôҲû˵
ݫiˣ˳⣬ڸǰ
ƽʱΪԼĸһ㣬˳С
ݫiһֱ⣬ǿһЦЩʱգˡ
ԣݫiһ漴صⱾӦġ
ΪĸҲãȻذҲãΪŮΪֳӦ¡
ģƬ̣˵һ£֮£˵ˣ
Գ֣ıܣزסҲӦݫiصϴº͵ͬЦ⡣
㱳Ķɽ٣ԭǱϢһսɿ촫˲⡣
޸̵̫ܲݫi⣬ıȡɿ֣òԩ
䭶Ŀ⣬Ĭãٴοڣ֪ݡ
ݫiϵЦȻʧˣʵļһϤѡ֣סĿڣ֮ǰΪһöᴩЩҪ
ԭǾԹһڵԽ⿪ݫiƴż棬Ϲ糣΢ЦңȷӦ
֮ʱ޸Ϫϭ㣬Ըݾƣ̲֮ġ
ˣȻҲֻΪѿ֮졣
һ۾֮أΪ̫ި壬ҲڶִؾɵҷУԥǷҪͶ¡
дòȴǲµڣ̫ިıϣֽϣδʲôŭ⡣
ǰʱϭò㹻̱
⻰µڶʿΪԼˣ⾹Ǿ޸ûݣ
˼δ̫ԴĦˡ
󣬻ȿڣϣ㵱λظ
ǾɱϴͶŶ˼Ȼ֮⣬ʱ̫ިҲǰֱ̼ͦâ¶
ˮΪΪ޺֮£°ɡ̫ިڵдżġ
ˮˣ.ֲ֮±޿ɺǣ볣ʬڣǡõ֤ݡ
̫ި˵̫̱ѾҪ£̧Ϸһ񣬹ǡ
˽ᣬһԣٿڵϣǰǲǰ¸󿤳ǣĵնϵϼӳֵ󷨻ղܱһһƳ
̫ި֪֮ǰδ֮УȻн֮ܽػ档
ռѰƣһ亹˭뵽ˮɥĲȵز
к£ˮռ꣬ǵƿ⧲֮ţضʿ䣬Ұ
뵽Ŀɨ䴦л¥âڱ
л¥ܵСԼĴڸУǿԣͳڶˮʿл¥ǿ֮неϺŵϯС
ˮУչ黹вﲻʿ²֮ѾϤ½ƣ޷ˡ
̫ިĹһл¥ͳȺ޵ˡ
»̫ި飬ˮгʿʤˣѱǨŭЩޡˮл¥԰ЩޣܱãҲص
̫ިͬˣԭڼел¥ͱ˳˷ˮͶĴµռһϯ֮ء
Щʱգл¥֮úƯʵǸˣ㹻ʶʱѡԭ
µڣԸҵʿ̤࣬µģһ֮оص
Сĵ̣ҲΨһʸٲ̫ި׵һˡ
Ŀ⽻һһСһЦƽɫ
ʱڲĻ֣ѾԳΡ
գˮɽʿ֮ȻݣǶ֮Ҳڶʿšһͬģˮµĵơ
һʱ֮ţȺ鼤ܣˮǽ壬ǿȨѹȴҵķ
ˮɽ٣̫ިУڲڶҵҲ̫ࡣ
ɱϣַˮ಻ͬʱٽݵĶҲԴΪ֣ıúô
ݵĶջδȥƾֻϸѩ׷ɣݼ϶׸ǡ·ʱЦ£սлָ˼ַ
ϣӦ޸֮ƵȶңҲݳ֮⣬ˡ˵Լеǡ
ƵǶ֮һֻ޸֮ʢ
̫ިڣ紵ذۣѩ
ӥʻһƳХ


192 
, ֮С
ֽű屻ŵɽϣ·ͰĹȵѪ˹ŹƣͷŮ, 뱱װྶͥ
ڶ౻Ʒ֮У·Σ΢΢ü
ǰ, ѾѰȺħټδΪץסĻ֮ˡ
Щʱ, ץˡ䱻ȡѪ, ֮ݣ׼֮ǰ, Щ˲˼Ʒ
кɫӿ, ֮ʱ, ֻƤ۵Ů׼͵
׼, ϣһڹص֮, ƺþò
Ů׼ɰŹͼ, Ȩȶ, վϷ, ѺڶƷ˶֡
, ű亮â, һ, ֽŵ͵ضϿ
̧, ѹ£ŵĹ˱㾡Ϊһɾѹƣг۶, ˤڵء
ֻһĽƱ鿪ȿֺȥ
֮УΨలȻԭأɽ紵ۣ
Ů׼ŭ֮ɫЩƷ¡
˵ţȨϵ޾ںΪӰϮǰѵ
ฺֶХĵӰ
˭ΪҪ룡Ů׼ȵʾ⣬дӱҲ๥
Ϊ˼룬δ̡̫׶֯β˲Ϣ㵽Ů׼ǰ
һ˻챣׼
ʱ˴нӡࡣ
˿Ů׼ΨЩѪʳܻӢ飬ۣ֮
ŷҰģľ
ü΢΢̧֣ɽپɢеĹ˱Ȼͣס˶
ǶɽʿŮ׼ڱɫתӣȴνӲԭأá
ûлشڵ׷ᡣ
׷֮ʷϺպ׷ǧǰ׷ֱ׷Ҳû䡣
Ů׼ЦһϲƱû뵽У֪׷֮ˣ
׼׼֮׷Ӻζá鲻䣬ʳһ仰
Ů׼ͫ΢漴ɿص׷ܲء
ֻһ˲ķӦҲ㹻˵ѡ
׼˺úû˵ʵǡ϶Ȼ˼ɱ֮ɫ
Ů׼ΪһĪ־ȡĬضĿ⣬ãſڵǡ
δü£ھ˲ըѿ࣬ҲδֹЧ
Ů׼вдһ˿ţ׷˽׼ˣ
ϲ¶磬ֻҪ˵ܣ޴档
Ů׼ѵſ֣࣬ķһ
˵ʲô
ͷĶкһǰȥǳ֮ʱбˡ
ǳеڡ
ô£ǳйô
Ȼֹ׷ѪδɣվдȣݡϵСɽ׷˽Ϊãǰ
ǳλ⣬ûԾϣǽʼĩѶȣѯ
ǡÿԳô˻ᣬȥһ̫ި
ֱգ˼Ű޿ײһ㡣
̤ݿʼ߱ʱʱ֮
ؿҲʱھαʡ⣬걱ʮˮɣϻ֮⣬ֽɱճ볣ˮɽ٣޸Ҳâֻ˳ꡣ
ʿ̸֮ھηʱһΪԡ
಻طĴҲ֪̫ިŦ֮Уʡȴ๦
ս֮Խ˼ٶȻָһ·ֻڶʿѾȥ֮ɫ
̫ިס׺¥С
׺¥ʮأǼǰˮļʹñá
붬֮ѵգչ䣬¥ϵɷǺÿ
׺¥ⶼؽƣ໤¥⣬Ȼ
ݼʿֱ֪׺¥ƲΪͨȽӵݵС
Щƣס࣬ΪֻһϢؽ׺¥ڣ˿˲
׺¥̫ިδѹ໹Ǻܿ첶׽ǵϤϢ
䴽ǣѭϤϢȣͣڰڵĻ⡣
̧ͷ˼ҹˣڡ
ľ룬㹻֪̫ިǳĺж˼֮⡣
붯֮ʱķȻ𣬷һ졣
Żع㿪ϮʧߣԼһʱʧ񣬾Ǵިµ󷨡
򵥵󷨶δܱܹ˪УڴŮ
̫ިƺһҲĳ֣Ϊ̤׺¥֮ʱ
ֽ󷨣˵ʲô¡
ص£ЦδиУֻлϲʧ˽䱸
Ϊλϲ̫ިطʣдż֮⣬ӰڵĴУǡÿԿذײ
̧֣ڵĴ鷢֨ѽһ˿̫ިϣĿͶ
ĿԣصȻ˻ϲ֮ˡ


193 
Ŀġ̫ި, 繣Ը©κһ
̫ިԼһǳЦ, һֻ̣ģ
ԼڼϢź, һֳֻסأһֻס̫ިͷȥ
, 齹µ, һ죬ȴѾע⡣
ȵϢ, ࿴̫ި۽޲һ˲, ɵĵչӴ©, ȹ, ΢ڿиţһ̾׶
ʱ, һȴӺ󷽴˸ô׺¥, ϣ
Ų, ʱ˻ϵĳš
ڸ֪׺¥з󷨱, ڸʱ˸, Ļδ˵, 㿴ǰһĻ
һ, һԭ, ȫ֪ηӦ
Ǻֵúܲʱ
ʶǰ޴վֱǰһ˵ȣӲʼ, 𽥺͸
󣬻ӲͷƤ̫ިһ񣺡֪ϡʽãҵð
̫ިĴɫ֮ƽʱȾ˼ɫ̬࣬ȱ̹Ȼ̫̣࣬ڵʽ
ʶü
Լδ¡
⻰ôӣ仰̣ʱҲ֪νˡ
̫ިҲΪ°ɡ
гһæӦǡ
˵գҲһۣڶ໤ɿ£ӦѸ٣׷һ㡣
ֱ˶뿪Ծɴԭأϱٳδȥ
¡
ˣ̫ި΢΢˹ǣĪǴվһգ
ﻹصŵ֣żϷʵĿ⣬ګګԣĳӿŴطڡ
ϣཫ̫ި˶뻳С
ֻ֮д룬̫ިǳĺྱ࣬ϡ
̫ިΪĶֳЩѵõɫ֮ʱȴδп֮⡣
ʧȥǱΪԭ֮ʱ̫ިϰ׽ǵڣһҲδı䡣
ͷ̫ިͫɫĪЩ㱼䣬˫εĺͫ
΢ָüۣ̫ިƽѼ͡
Ҳ̲סˣͷٴϻŮ
ϣסһǳղ
֮һ౧̫ިβ̽˫ϡ
٣ɢϣ̫ި껳УָβסβƬ£Խĵüʤѩ
ʵЩ̫ިһ㣬չЩ˯һлٺòʱ
ŷֱʱշ֣չ⻺ƫб̫ިᣬζϰߣҲˣڣ̫ިϣѾȫζ
뵽һ㣬ıˮУϲðݡ
̫ި֪룬˵Ѫ֮ǳйʱ΢΢ü
ǳµλ⣬ǴӺǰҲõʦ
ǰ㵽֮£ڻб²ִУн֮ʢ
˺иʲôǳΪϱţǳһʮǰǳѶ£Ϊš
漰ǳ֮£࣬ҲòСġ
̫ިӡ󷨣ʲôٻ󷨡
׷Ů׼ȻǱƭˡ
ͷЩٻȫ޹ϵദҴǰδмֹ졣
һҲԣȴδܿѪá
ֹ̫ިҲѪƸеİ
ѴѶʦ֪ڵ伮֮УѰЩߡ
̫ި¼Ѫʯ𣺡һᴫѶСɽջ񡣡
Сɽ¥е伮˿١
仰໶ϲ̲֮࣬סף̫ިüл񣿡
ƤںЩգգۣôߵǲٶҲ޷
˵ţβͼġ
ָϽԶ̫ި΢΢һĨȣԷ˪ۣһӡ
仰ʧβҲӦش
̫ި۵׸ЩЦ⣬ʾǰǡ
һ̣βɿҡȫ¶ʱ顣
ˣл񡣡̫ިü
ãлҪ٣֮¡
ƻ֮ʱվڲ׺¥϶ȥܹ꾡۵ס
ʱȾƲ㣬ϼ죬ǹ
˴ʵں÷⡣಻ɸ̾һ䡣
Ϧ䣬תͷ̫ިΪ֮һ⡣
£ĬĬ֣׽סָ⡣
̫ިûоܾһ򲻻ܾ
סʮָ˲ɽӡ


194 
ҷ۴ƶӹ, Сɽռǵڷ죬ƺƴ
ӵ̫ިѶСɽڱԲ˼ٶȶ, ڳ֯£̶գСɽѾýݵ׼
гСɽ, зУΪ˵ѹЩԲѱı壬Ԩ޾Ҳ֮ǰ
Ѿ߹ģ, Ԩ޾ʱ뿪һʱ, ҲʲôټСɽԶ, ʲô, Ҳ鼰ʱ֡
θ, ±С
ŮԭεŮ, һս;, Ů̫ިǰСɽ, ʱͳ, Ҳڷ֮С
̫ިԸ, СɽԲݱ뾳, ·չ¡
һս, ˮ񲻹ʣɽʿ, ֮ԽԽʿѡѳˮ, ˴ʧˣֻܷ̫ԶĽ
Ϊ֮, ˮɽҲײٳ֣һ·Сɽδ̫վ
۽䴦һȺձСɽӴˮӾµһд䱸
ǰˮ»أ񣬱ٲ˼ɱ壬Դɽ١
ȺϴŻƵ壬ǱˮΧĿ꣬ǡСɽɣǶ¡
ԾԼСɽӣűڶԾڽ䱸̬֮
鿿֮ʱ°βŮ̧ͷһ˫ͫĮȻβм̵Ƭ䣬Ѫ죬ȥҡ
ЦЦ˵ЩأµҩƺתٶȻࡣ
˵ţư״ƿ͵Ůǰ
ͫһۣŮֽӹƿҿţڿڣżɳƣл
ֳһУؿ
𽡢¥һԱ߹еɽôãòiҿʦʦǺԽԽˡ
ֿɼˮʱֵĶԽԽ䣬޲ʹˮϼҡ
뿪Сɽɽţû󷨸ǣ޷
ÿĥһһ־𽿰ؿڵʦһʼͶĸʱĹأֻҪûûҹiжˡ
Ϊĵ֮һǼ⣬˵Լˮʮ߰æоôڷϴһСͷͨ
̤ݵĽͼͶڰУɽ۵ס
꿴о·ߣ漴Щȵʦãǰˡ
ǳҡ
ԣ¥ɿһۣȴδϲȥԽϲŭɫˡ
ͷڣ𽵭һʾԼ
ôãԼĸĸлǻʹ
׶׵ģϲǷǵļӸһȵˣ
ĳԹ𽲻
ֻǻδȷСɽ˱㷢·пȼһ϶ȥֻһƬ档
Ԩ޾ʶ֪̽ŷ֮У֪κĴڡ
ôɫѵˮΪΪ˲Щ֣֮ɴཫ֮ٻ٣
δҲ̫ɥĲˣ
ȥǰ̽ĵӺܿ촫ϢΧѻһƬԴӶһգʿ䡣
ҲڴƣˮһѴ£ʬҲȫ
֮ʣˮ˳ϣһʮĶգעƽ
ͬʱ֮ڣʶɨ౨漴üͷ壬ʵû뵽ˮܷˡ
ɣϻˣԼԴϵһ̫ިڵˮ˷оԵɡ
ֻҪɣϻͻƺϵˮΣֱܾʹ˽
Ƕɽٺڣִ֮䣬οͻƺϵüͷδɣˮУɳɥĲ
СҲȫ޿ܡ̫ިصֻһ߻ᣬҲһġ
ڶ֡ɱһϲɱˣⲻɱˡ
ɣϻͻƺϵ»һƽ١
ˮⲼƣοɣϻͻƶɽٺڣǰȥʤ㡣
࣬Ҳûʮİܽɣϻɱ
֪˵ò򴽣ʵδ㣿

ԣ࿴һ۲Զɳ̣һ޸̶Ȼ󣬶СɽԱ룬¼䣬Աˮ¡
ɣϻˮУǡ
룬ȻǽˮⲼãɱ̫ިȶɽ١
ǰ޸̽գⳡ䣬ҲˣԭѾˮµϪִٳϪҲͻݫiԽ
һΣ벶ȸں
̫ިıҲûµĴ㣬һġ
ʱһӴ룬ֱֱ
ֽ̧´Ѷʶɨж˼Ȼ
ڵĴѶ
̫ިڣع
ͷδʦѶҲٹǳ֮£ǰȥˡ
ֵһ˵ģС¡
гѪһ±󣬵ǣʲô
ʦϵ֮䣬һ֮еʿ޼ǳλ棬ԱӦݡ̫ިϲյӲյиģݡ
һԣͷй¶ֲ֪᣺ިڰοô
̫ިü²յƫͷδϣбο
֪ΪΣȻ࣬ͷǡ
ިĬһ˲ٴοڵˮкδ㣿
̫ި̧ͷ۵״żȻ
ĿЩƣ˵ûԵ£ԸԸͬһɿһ
Ҽλʦһ㣬ϾʦŮȻѩвȤĵط
ǲԸҲûϵϾ
ǽţ˵ĻЩģ̫ިţ߶˼ǳЦ⣬𣺡á
£ٿذĿ̫ިϣĿԣУԼģ
ֻ
һǡôֻͷһȣؿڵިǳװɣ
仰̫ިһ˲Ȼû뵽ͻȻô˵
̧Ŀ⣬ȻʧЦصá
ǲͬģһ䣬̫ިѰһҵİޣǻϲģӲһ㡣
ǻϲô׽ôǣġ
ʵʳ仰ʱбЩûԼͻӦҸ֣صĳϲǡ
ֱ̫ިĴ𰸣˲仯ΪһƬհףٹ˲ñͷ
Ӧˣʵ
̫ިѵϣҲӦ
Ȼǣֳ⣬ס̫ިֻ΢΢㽫˱ԭתȦçײꡣӦˣ
̫ިУȻϲӣЦЩ
⣬͵ͣסŲа̾һԼúܲʱ򰡡
ʶȤתҲʲô£ʱ򣬻ǲҪˡ


195 
֮ʱ, 㾭һϢ򱱽, Ŀֱָˮ
ϢϪһƬ
һϪҲ⡣֮, Խ̧ΪԼһյ裬ЩȻ
ǰɴ, һ°, гȻ֮ˣ¶, Խʦ, ̰
˵Ц, , ̰Խ, ѾԵ, ¡
޸ٲ, Ȼ֮󡣡̰𿪿, , ˹
ͱ̫֮ި, Ҫϼ, Ž, ҲҪһʦ㡣
̰Ŀäȴһ츳, ؾڣΪӡ
̫ިΪӣݫi
ݫiĸ󲻾ñǰˮϪ游ҲСסֶͬӡ
ݫiʲôԵϣ常Լ߽ūΪͽʱҲûܾ̾
ֵ֪̫ި֮ܺ࣬չ£仺ⷢʱʹࡣ
У̫ިʱʣܳΪƽ̵ĵӣʵĶ顣
ԼڲʱҲΪ
Ķ£̫ިĺʲôοʣҲע͡
ˣ̰£Գм̵ͳĵӡ
̰䣬ھһµϣôҲֻԽ᲻ʱŰݷá
û뵽𣬾Ȼ뵱ʮɽĴʦ㣬ͬһˡ
Խڵ䭳ԮʿУȻҲϳ̫ިΪ֪һˣꡣ
ΣݼҵȷǷλʦ㡭óǣǰݫiһҲ֤վ£δ
ʮȥԽ̫ިӡѾģˣ뵽δվڶһ鲻⻹Щӡ
̫ިûʮɽʧټ˭뵽ٳ֮ʱѾΪһٽϾƣˮȫܵ
֮£޳̰𵭵ڣƽüûʲôƺδΪԽϢ⡣
Խ̾һҲûپʹ˶˵ʲô
˴ַˮʦֿдǰȥת⣬ʵ
̰΢΢ףʢ£Բܴ
ۼ֤һݰ˥䣬Ȼǲɴʢ¡
ԽҲ¶һЦ⣺ȷʢ¡
ҶˮӰУɽҡҡ׹
⣬ӹ棬ˮһȦһȦ
ڣɽʯϣΣЩꡣ
ڣؿȲؿڣô
ʦ֣Ұ£ͷĺˡ
˵ţȡС
Զˮ󣬱ҪԴΪ֤ܼԶ顣
ݣƱټ򵥲£κײʡ
ӣԸû̫ߵΨһҪҪǳʲôʰ˵
ˣϪ׼֮ʱԸȫȻӣھڡ
ԶˮȻǽĺûᣬͬҲʱŻᶪķա
Ըδܸɳʲô£ֻϣƽƽá
ϧԸ⡣
ʮ꣬ǽǸҹǵ
ʱ㲻竡
ԸȻǲ֪ⷬ˼ģΪӣԶھڣԸȫδֶϵת䡣
ԸΪͬǰһԼƴӣȴ֪ʹΥ
ǨˮĻᣬôܴƣֳֵ⡣
պҷԾ򱱶С
ϪƵݣ֮غһ·ʳ̲仹㷢δСͻ˫ΪƣδӰˮٶȡ
վڴͷǰ뻴֮ҲǲóҪһӵ
ӣʻ򻴽󣬾ˮ㲻Զˡ
۹ȻնУΪĵʯҲСĿˮУܼ಻صġ
澡ͷͶһƬӰ̧ͷȥֻ¥ͣڽ棬Ƶӭƻֺꡣ
վǰ¥ϣ̵Ŀдżֵ⣺ѣּˡ
ʶƵ״ӣԭ
ǰգƵһǣıܣƵˣʱָӵģԭ
ΪȫܣȻȡǴǣ뻹УΪޡ
ڴ軴ƣ㣬޸̵ռȻԭӧΪԼһ
ƵݽǰݽףؾƵ£ռݵֻǴóгһ·ѣҲķᡣ
ʱƵǲ¥ɽǰ·ҲǼ׵¡
¥ܣʷ֮ƣսѹɢƵ֮УҲжɽٴ
Ҫǿͻƣֻ²ס
֪޸̳ʲôļ룬ƵԸˣĵ
ҲڴʱƵ¥֮ϣʳ֪⣺ŷϣ޸̿ʲôֵۣƵķ𣿡
ŵЦ⣬˰ȣ˫һۿʱһֺĴ
ͬɽٴ˵ȻѰƵϯǧ
ǰͻƶ龳磬ͣʱգƵֻһɽٴܡ
˷㣬ûǧ£дģһͬ֡
ԣʿŷϸɿһϵƵ޸ѣʱ֣Ӧ֮塣
ǧüȻǰҲŵġ
ŷҲ֪ţΪⱻ͵͵֣ڱȳһ֡
޸ֻ̳£⼸ݴңʵе˲ٺôǧ⣬а
ϣɲǺöԸˣʯֻ»Щ֡ԶۣǧЦ
ԭⷬǸ֮ͽˣʦαس磡
ߣΪ۾֮أΪʮڵطӡ
ǧƳһۣʲôԭȴǻһ
ôˣʦȻ˵Ҳֻǿˡ
ͷԭŬԼĴڸУϻڣʦӦòڶְɣ
㴬У̫ިಢ߳ңԶƵս죬΢
̫ިزһ㣺ʶ֮ˣ
˵ͷǰͬƵµЩ顣
ΪȻѾ֪ǧƵУѹǧ㲻ܲĴڡ
ǹѣҪ¼档̫ިڣƽѰ
ƵһɽڳҲܡ
ӺΪ
̫ި㽫ƵһоԶ֮ʱΪ¼Ҳ޷
վһԣƷ仰һξԼǱʡ
಻Ƶķ򣬺ЦҲ֣Ȼ档
ǧн飬һҲ⿴ǧЦ


196 
̫ިʾ, ǰһʵƵд, ǰ·Ǻ˼
ڵƵĶɽʿŷҲûԿڵĴ, Ŀɨԭʱ˾
ԶԶ̣ڵ⣺Ƶ¥ó, ǻЩ, װ˼ѣѺαشС֣
̲δŭ, 䵭ó, Ϊͣڽ治ȥ
ѲҪ, Ƶڴ, ʵΪ¥ϵƳ⣬һʱ뿪á˵, ԭȴżƵЦ⡣λѵ, ʱ¥޸, ƵȻȥ
֪̫ިڷ֮, Ҳ޾η, ԭ, 𲻹Ǹس֮, Ƶǰʵڲʲô
̫ިǾڵ֮, δ˱㶼Ϊء
ǧҡҡȣǰôû, λʦܾǸĺݽɫһλɽٴǰ˷ԼԼ̫ˡ
˷ƵӦ޸̣ٻὫڻա
ʱ䣬㹻޸֮ǰвռǣȻ
ʱѳɣ޸̱ǲ֮¡
ʱƷˮǴ˳ƣ޸ڶʿĲС
ЩǱ޸ݣô֮ĲעΪơ
һּģϧѾʯԴƵֻ֣Ϊڻ̫ި
ˮδ޸̱Ѿıݵĵ̣ЩļǧĵҲ⣬޸˼ڵüգȲָٹ⡣
ϣܽбյˣࡣ
̫ިȻڽ棬أȴ˲Ϊ֮һ
ˮϣˮƺаӿ
ģ̌ͷʶδ֮УѾʲôҲ֪
սѹһ̽Ƶ¥֮ϡ
ԭżֵϣѹɽһѹϣѾԪӤΪѹ£˿ͷҲ
ӽˮܿѹţ޷ѪҺֹͣ
һ̣ԭвܿƵֳ˿־֮ɫΪ˵ıܣĸ֪УÿһϢʱ䶼ޱ
˫Ҳ޷ѹƵȥڴʱŷ䣬ǰ
ѹһᣬεԭʱǺعԼǳһ亹
Ƶ¥ϣ֮ĵҲܵǹѹȴһֱѹԻסΡ
ŷͷųѹڣ⣬ƵҲ֮٣¡
ΪԼɽڵΪӦ£ǧԣ޸ʯʵڲð
ˣΪƵҲ·򴫳ȥǳƵֻ˸棬Ϊ壬ǧ
̫ިһϴͷذȹڷƮƵӵĿⲻԼͬϣ
𲻼£Σ̫ިص֮ʱԭƽĻˮȻŷ
ŷɫȻеָ̡
ܺ棬λ𾿾ʵǷ紫ԡ
ڽˮ֮ʣŷһ٣ɽڵΪ쿪Ƶ¥ڡ
ƵɽУŷƷأҲƵ˷ӵԭ
ŷϣˮ棬ҲܵһհգҪǰɽٳڵСգôҲ¡
з紵̫ިѻɫĳ̧֣ȹԡĶȿֺӿܳΣƺƴ
Ϣ֮ңƿգֱŷȥ
ֳһɫĻ֮ʱƵ¥ǰĹĻһ˲ʹ˽֮⡣
ҲѰɽٳʿˣŷĵ
֮â
ġ
ÿһ֮һǿ̫ިվԭأƽΪʵʵХЯ֮ƶ
ŷԭɵɫھŵʱֻԶԶţҲͷƤĸо
ŷûԥ̧˫֣תܵĹĻ
һײϹĻʱһѷ컺ϡѷ֣Ļϵķ϶ɿɢ̶̼֮󣬵Ļɢ㣬̫ި
ŷƵú˼Ǽʱʶףһͻϸ
ǧһĻҲ˼أŷʵҲҪƵˣҪʵ
û˵ʲôȻʧ¥֮ϡ
ŷҲûǧʧԭеӣ¥󣡡
Ѿ֮ǰ֮ɫ
ԭ˸սҵֺʱ㽫¥
Ƶô¥ȻֻΪ׳׳ƣÿ¥֮жԿвͬƣ֮Աơ
ͬʱŷת
֮ڰգΡΡɽ
ƵɽٳŷıһϹµĹס࿪Ϊ̫ި͵
ƵͣգλɽʿҲм˽⡣
һԷƣŷֻǲȱףҲƿϵʿ棬ԴҲ㹻һ
̿һ䷨࣬ͷ۲Ƶ󷨣üͷֱֲв·УҪ໨·ϣȫ塣
̫ި֪δ㣿
̫ިδֳʲô仯޷пĿϣ֪Ƶס
ŷǶɽڵʿףҲסһ㡣
ˮӿһһ˳ԭƽȻʧ
ŷ֪һ㣬΢΢üԽ䱸
ڷĽˮУƵӴ¥ҲΪ֮ϵת¥ȶķ֮УЩͽ͡
ŷƽˮ򣬵һ̣ˮ·ԼʶȫȻ޷Ϊѱ
̫ި֣ķת֮ʱ֮ɿŭ
Ƶ¥·һˮ˶ɣβĻ׻ȥƵ¥͡
¥ڽˮţϵӷ׷תסΡ䷨ǿƽϢ·ˡ
ҲڴʱˮӿˮԾϣƬ˸Ժ⣬ͦޱߡ
̫ި֮ϣ۱紵ģӸµؿŷ䵭
̧ͷ㻹ƵһʿΪ֮ס˺
𣬿оˮȺײ䷨࣬ײڻϿһ޴ķ籩
̫ިһĨȣԳ
·û


197 
֮, ƿնȥˮһ˲Ȼ
ʱ˿, ҲΪۡ
ˮų䷨࣬ײϷĿ, ˲ֱӡ
ѾǱеǧͷȥֳһ㾪֮̾ɫ
Ǳͷ, ¶ɽٳ֮, ûȼˡ
Ȼס㣬ֻķ, ̫ި֮, ǧͷ, Ҳڳеԭ
ֻǻδü, κһ͡
ǧֻԼһһС
Ϣѧò, ͱ˷ˣ, ûϾ˼˴ǡ
ǧԼмŵ, ¶, ǲͲĴڡ
ƾֱһ, ǡöĿ⡣
˪ǧֳ֮ɫ, Ϊλڴˣ
ʵȫδԤϵ¡
˽֪, ˪ڵ, ǳ⣿
ݾȺǧһʱתͷ
ѵҲһݵ²ɣ̽ʵ
ǿµһŵҲ, ǲݵľƱҪӼ֡
ฺֶºЦ⣬ʮݽ֮
㣿ǧЩ⡣
赭дڴˣҵҲڴˡ
£ǧ⣬ʱ˵£
֣˹ǣǰ
Ц⣬ڻǹ¼ҹ˵ǧʱеᡣ
˵֮У˵ʶʲô
ǧͣסͷĿͶ򻴽ϿеŮٿֳ࣬Ũؾɫɡ
ֵص˵ͷ֮ǰæѰˡ
ʮǰ̫ިʮɽ֮ʶռ϶롣˺һֱ跨Ѱ
Ȼھദʱղ̫̫ިУȻռλá
Ƶڷݵ񣬲ηˮǧ跨Ѱ̫ިټ
ѰģǾڡǧʱ׹𣿣
Ϊˮ׷ɱľͽȻڲзΪƸΪ𣿣
ʵţǧûбҪƭԼο˵ѡ
˪еľӡ
ѹ𾪣ǧЦࣺȻΪβ
ԴˣֻǷƵػصƵިԲ¡
οڴǰ飬ܸΪ档
ԣǧɳ˳ǣƤЦⲻЦһллˡ
Ƿ˪ȥһмֻȥ۵Ŀܣڴ˴Լȴû˳ֵĻᡣ
ǧûŵԶΪսɽٴܵĵز
ʶ֮ʱڽ֮ʣΪǧǰؽƳнͻͽǧ֮ϡ
ԶɽΪӦѷԼƵ¥֮ϡ
ǲǹأǧɵ
˵ͷδһ㣬º͵ôԼҰ㣿
˵ţһ۱ǰĻˮ
һ£ǧͼּۻۡ
Цⲻ䣬Լǲܵġ
ǧǳ̾һһʹģ˪˪ôɫѵˣǶĽˣ
ô꽻飬ҲδϴؾУ㽫ɽȥ˹
˵£ǧɿһĿ㣬ϹǹŹ֣һɽѹҲֻΪǿˡ
֣ʾ롣
ǧ֪ԼѡһѡһΪͶˮȥ
ˮӰЦ»أҲɫѣҵ²ǡ
ˮУǧĬָ
Ϸԭʵ䷨н黯ղظˮĳ³鿪
Ƶ¥ϣŷǰһ˲ײţƵȥװһۣ֮⣬ŷסΣѿ
ڵ¥˵Ǵڷ籩ģ콭ˮУаɵ¥ֻ沨Сۡ
ڶƵתȥˮബе³Ⲣ¥ѽˮľ
ŽˮĻڴϣ¥ڲҡʿסΡ
ŷѪΪ䷨鷭ţʱȴϾϢ
ˮ֮ϣŮƮҡڳɢȥ̬ˮٴλ۳Σϣֺצ۾
̫ިǰ类ѱޣˮãֻһ֮š
Ƕɽٳڰˣ
Ǵ˿ǵˣŷл̲סΪ֮̾
Ѿڶҷȥо˲֪ٱ顣ʱţӻɽ٣ͻƶɽٶʿǶ֣ʵβ˾̾
ǿƿ䷨̫࣬ިҲȫˣѪ˳䣬ڽˮУת˲ûټ
δƣսʢˮӵٴϮ·
һ̣ŷĪһ⣬⣬ʧȴ֮࿹
ͼ㿪̫ިĹơ
ŷٶȣ֮Уˮ׷Ρ
΢תתΪڷлУֱ̫ިȥ
̫ިûж㣬ڿʱ㱻ΣƷ£ɼǵ˿ڡ
ٶȲδΪƶ˫ͬҹǳгȻս⣬Ѱ
ڻϿյ·ܵ˸һ㣬Է̫ިӿ֮С
﹦תԽԽ죬طɫ䡣
ǡ
ŷͫ΢ǲţҪͻƶɽˣ
ɽ٣һ꣡
ŷ֮ģΨһͷӡ
ˮڣԽж𣬾֮γһ˲һ˲Ѿ㹻̫ި۽ǰŷĿڣеѪҺΪ֮ᣬɽͷѹ¡
ɾڵڻ̫ި˿ʱת롣
ܣˮӿ֮ڶϢʢҫҫգ޷ֱӡ
һսɹͻɽڡ
ŷֻһھ˲ըѿŤһѪβܿƵˮ׹¡
̫ިû׷ˮӿƵ¥ϣȾѪȹƮƵΪ֮ս
£Կ¥ϵ¥ÿһҶ۲ƣЩƣҪٻ񾳽ϵʿҹȫɡ
̫ިֺ£һ죬¥ϵƾ鿪
΢΢ͷǰǧŷڣˣŽ١
ŷʪ͸ʱڲӿѪ̫ިиԡ
ɱڣԼͲֻˡ
Ƶôס
˷ˣƵˡ
ϣƵ䡪ŷǰͷ


198 
ŷĻ˳Žˮ, ڶƵԵ鸴ӣǲ, Ļŷ
һ̣Ƶӿ̫ިĿھη֮ɫ
ŷǶɽٴܣƵ, ֧֮һжɽʿڣƵʸǿļ
ڣŷȴǰ, ܸ̫ި
Ψۼʶ, ζ־ζʲô
̫ިȹ, , ¥, ƵȺˮ, ״Ǳ
ˮæ𷨾¥ȥ
ŷ̫ިĿ, ڣС
С
֮, Ƶ¥򻴽ȥ, սڷű㱻Ľˮʪ, ʧơ
, ޸Ƶ֮, ڻϵı㳹˿ա
ŷһĻ, , Ѫϴӿӿ
̫ިȻɱҪ·ܸøЩۡ
̷µҩ, еʹԻ⼸֣ŷпЦ޸ʯƵȴûбˡ
¥˿֮ʱķҲˡ
һΣȻûܹȥ·
ڷ죬ǧŻص¥ϵŷ̫ިıӰкһ̾Ϣ
һˣٶǰµŮӣ̫ϻŮ̫ơ
У̫ϻĽ򲻶ؿյһͳ
ʱ£ʸ̫Ტ۵ģһ޳յգĹ£ͬʱʿδԵ֡
ŷѾٻ£Ͼѳɹ˼棬һ̣̫ި̲ס˹ˡ
ϣ̫ƵӰӡ
Ҫüһ˵ˡŷȻ̾
󣬵ǧúǷ
ҡҡȣǧһ˫һŵЦ⣺гһգҲɴ˵
ŷԲʧЦתͷǧеǧô꣬޳ܵëôûĵ
ǧ̬˼һŻش𣺡ԼǸĲˡ
ˣŷЦֿѪĨȥЩϧһ޸ŵǱʯȴˡ
Ƶֲȸ˳ʯʣµģҪƵɹ£ŻȥƵɽ֮С
ŷ̫ިδһʱȻָ޸Ϊˡ
ǧЦʯδ֣Ҳá
ŷ֮⣺ΪƵ޸̣
޸ǲһƵн飬Ľеˮֵġô޸̱ˮѹƵȴǴδ
޸Żָա顯Ľ飬Ȼһơ
޸̫ļˡǧֻ˵ôһ䡣
һ㣬ŷҲͬģƵ⣬һб׼һΣӦ¶ģҪӽһ
ѪӿŷֲȥɫƵȻѪһʱֹסֻȥˡ
ǧһΣ˭Ӯ󣿡
ҾãǧƮԶ죬䡣
Ȼָˡ
ŷĿϣ̲סʵΪΣ
Ϊƶ
ǧüصԼֱ
ֱ˸Լġ
ǧһԼֱǿֱܱܹվ
תǧջûнеϢ֪ŷ
ڵλ⣬ΪеӣĶһй¶ע⣬Ҳᱻ֮У˻Ƿֲ֮¡
ڱ޴⣬֮£Ҫˡ
Ȼ׿˵ڲǧȨ֮ǧδŷἰ
ȻűƵͶ˭أǧҡȣ
Ȼ֪뷨ʱվڷ۴ͷԿµ̫ިﴽǣеעһϡ
ڶʿʱýȵĿ⿴̫ިη֮༸
ҵȣϵʤ
Ϊףһʿ̧̬
Ƶɽ٣֮ˮҲڶҲǺպŴɣ̫ިǰƵȴֻѡУҲѹһʿм
̫ި΢΢ףԿ̫
֪飬ʾ˸λǰһϣƵδɣֻ»š
ϪЧԹãյҲм˽⡣
Ѿ̫ި֣ûƵĿܣ֮⣬˱Ĳã磬ԱСɽ
̻˵ԼĲ²⣬۲̫ިķӦ
뵽һ㣿
һģ׿͸˼룬ЩУ̫ި
һ㣬̲סΪ֮еܡ
̫ⷬިδÿɷȫȻЩǰһת̫ި˿ϣƬ̣ЩƱۿɼúתࡣ
ͷһʱѹɻûٶԡ
һѶڴʱӹֱ۶
ֽס⣬ʶɨ漴üͷϣ޸̽ݣϰڣݾڣӽһɽֱڶɽٴʿ򱱶ȥСɽ
Сɽ֮в޶ɽʿ԰ڶɽٴܣֻº޻֮ǴʱǰȥԮСɽӽһעҪ޸С
̧ͷ̫ިϡ
̫ި𴽽ǣһҪӽ򣬸ǡ


199 
̫ި仰, ȫȻԤ֮ڡ
Ǵ㹰ֽӽø޸̲ɣ
ˮɽΪģܱ߷Сһ, 滷ɽԵγһ
Ҳζţɽ涼ǽˮĺѡ
֧ˮ, ڽˮ԰ӽһ
˵ӽ򲻽ǹˮľλ, һ޸ռ, ɽԻĲ
ˮȻһ֮ʿս, ܶʱҲʯҩʲ, ƱؼӾ
Ųݷƽ, ˮٻе, ⿤ʿԸ׷߾, ʯԴѹθɾ, ϤˮС
Բ㻹޸, ֻ, ѾԴˮܱ߻㹻
ɽʿȻ˺֮, ܿյ, Ҳֻ, Ѱ, ڽӴյɲǱữ촷ֻۡжɽʿǿȣԳڵѹ
տٿռɽ֮ãɽʿҲռԽ, ĿҲԽ󣬻ռһСģ㾡¶֮У
˲ȥⷽտռټ򵥲¡
ԣжɽٴ򣬸Է۵Ѻ͡
޸̰ӽ򣬶ͱǸ鷳ϾһأɻǺķС
üͷ壬Σз˪ڣɷֱ޸һȫطӽǡ
ǡóӽ
ʶһ㣬ͷԽӷӣӽƽҪһΪ޸ãռȻ
˭ȹˮôȻõʿӵһ㣬˭ס
ҪóӽԭΪʲôһҪ¡
̫ިûдʱΪ֮̽⣬Ҳûٶʣܶ£ʳûˡ
̫ިУ򴬲ȥ
Σ̫ިʵ
ŷ֣ǧĶ򲢷Ǻ޸֪Ҳ֮ʣûǧ
룬ͷʾ㲻
ǧڳ仰ֻ²ҹͬӦһǾӣҲǻǳġ
ިڴͻϮСɽƺһҲż
Щ֣СɽУֵܹɽٴܵĵӣԨ޾ŮǶʿڶɽǰҲȫ˵İա
¼䣬̫ިںĶ࣬Сɽһһ
֮ҲݿƵУаڡ
뷽ڣߴʱ֣֮ҷһ
ƽ̣̫ި˹ǡ
Сɽ˷ԭ
ʱȻԭˡ
Сɽ۽̳ڣ˴ˮ󲻹ȻҲδӹ֮һˡ
һ붯֣ǿ֮¥޲Կ̷ġ󷨵ȣչ֮ء
Сɽ㿪ʼĵӶԣ㲻ʲô¡
ʶɨм¼΢΢Щ࣬ȻСɽһ·ռʮ࿤ǣҲֻǿṩݻӻ
οЩǲ˳ӦʱƹСɽ£ûжġʱޣҲûйȥЩǣЩŻ֮һʿͷ۰ɡ
ݲСɽڣˮ֮ºǻҪر
ͬʱ𽶢ɳ̣ˮ滷ɽ̳ڻɽһ棬ռκεʦΪҪڴǰ
Щ벻ס
ʦ£ĵѱǰͨڵĳ쿪ڵ
Сʦʲôһеģ¥ĵ
Ҳϣ̫ި£е
ˮӯӯһ˸ߵӨˮĸ̱ϣģܡ
ϲӣֻϲ֡
ˮʮߺҲڡ
ˮʮæŸΧ󷨣ȻҪʱôò¼󷨲ǡ
͸æˣһ·СģСɽлǻеˮоµҲơ
½ƿµЩԴӽ֮ɫл֮ȥĳء
ϪϪɣԼĸͬš
̫ިı֮£ϪɵӵʵϪ죬½ƿµĸױҲ˳µеͶ¡
½ƿ»δл븸
һ·ˮڲݷµУ½ƿгزԶû̫ިҲϪɵˡ
Ůվڽ䣬ľګһ޵Ӱӡ
һԣ֮ǰֻΪ˺ʵļ롣
Ҳ֪ˮҪʱ̧ܽͷ˶ʹĲ̲ס̾һ
һ·ûʦָ㣬ȫԼϵ鷳Բ˵Уչûз̫⡣
ǳʦ뿪СɽҲнˡ
ѲضáһͻȻ
СɽӶԣ˵Ϥһ漴뿴
̫ިಢ°ȹһա
ʦ㣿
һ̣Ͼ㶼ֳϲ֮ɫ
һǰȥס̫ި΢΢һͣܿ죬ɫ͸ѵ͡
ѱŵ֪ΪΣοȥЩµ򴽣ޱȴĪһĽ
ڳߣ˵Ҫȥһʦ㣬ᱻʦְɱɣ
ɫ˼Ƭ̣ش𣺡һԣʦڣӦܱסġ
ˮӯӯΪΣ濼ǿԣҲ
һԣ࿴һĻŵЦ⡣ܸˣ˶ި
ިһͲˡ


200 
ӵƵʧܵϢ, ɽУԽ̲סˤ
Ƶûãﻹóһʯ, Ǿס̫ިҲ
˱֣Ӫҷ, ע⡣
ԣԽơƵĶɽٳϲûסһս˳ͻ˶ɽڡ
̫ި
ôأֱ, ԽԾɲԸһ㡣
Խʲ, ʮʱ䣬ȻԪӤΪ, ͻƻҲ¡
ȴֻʮ, ʹСС, ΪִһĶɽٴܣ
Խ̲סΪ֮𼸷ֶ, ͬʱЩ˵Ŀ־塣
̫ިͻƶɽ, յͬһ, , Ҳʤİա
վڵͽ, Ȼ޸ٲݵ谭
ͬʱ, ҲյƵܵϢԽ, δԴ¶ʲô
ԭҲտǹĿ, һս, ̫ިУѾǽˮɣϻĴС
ӽһڱص, ȻҪȫ׼
ΧСɽ֮£㾡иˡ͸ˮԾŮӵ
Ůһģ۲ת˲Ϊ֮ϧ֮顣
ϧʲôҪϧŮӡ
ǰڴ˷ǰ޸̵Ķɽٴܣ̴̡
գ̴̵ͻҪ࣬ͬǶɽڵΪջһӦ
޸ԼɽֱǰȥΧСɽԮ
ôʱ޸̳ӽһڴ˴Ϊܹˮ׼
ıǡ̴̹˹ǣתҶ»𿣬δǰ֧Ԯֱӽ򣬰ıɾҪˡ
СɽСɽ״ӾУ̫ި޿ܷǡƶ
¥ϢһͨСɽЩڱƽʢȻٹעȻ뿪ɽţ¥Ҳвٹǵļ¼
ıܣҲһɽ٣뱣סСɽϾӽ
⻰Щ̴߹Цл䣬ɢȥˮ
ߣ˵޸̻Ƶ·Σʲô
һҺֱ࣬ǿɿǰӣŷߡ
ΪȻޣȣ˽̴ӷԸ
棬Ƶɽٴŷڻϧ֣֮һսȻͻɽڡŷ߹
̴̻ǧ࣬ڣ¶Ҫһ档
ŷߵĻ̲סüŷСӣѵЩ̫ݣŵ㶼ˣ
ŷߵͷȫȻҽӻһԪӤθұŶɽٴܡ
̴ָ˵Щζ֮ɫˣλֶ˼ֺ档
ӹʣڷ£ٶȽ֮Ѱ۸ͬпռҲࡣ
ڰڱƽ̳ʱ۹ȻԤһ㣬ػ򱱣ԮСɽ
û֪̫ި㣬һǰϵ̳ڡ
ڣ֪޸ϣֱ̳𾪵վ
̫ިףԱ࣬·һСɽӡ
ʱ㷴ӦڶСɽӶм֡
ʶԼЩʧ̬ڨڨҺ˸ǣҰͬЩϵ
£ֻ̫ިһΡ
ʲôϵʶ׷һ䡣
ǰڵš
ʲôһʱ䣬˵Ŀϣͬ
¶һϲɫǲǿһ£ðСɽ֣ʹ޸̺ˣ
ⲻԼ
ʾһ˵Լı⣬
Ҫǰʣ˵ҰЭıߡ
಻ʧЦ
̫ިڣһսȻҪġ
޸˿ıӦȫһһ
δȴ˵㡣
Ȼ̫̫ި֮⣬ڳȴһ˷ԣϾʦ£е
ˮӯӯ̲ס룬ʦڣڿԲٶˡ
պ׷ͶһƬӰ֮£в°ࡣ
Ҫ̳סСɽɱȻܵ
·죬ҷƿˮζһǰ
̴϶ȥ֪ǵͬڶɽʿϢֳԾԾ֮ɫ
ø죬ȷԣСɽ˵Ҫ
е̳ԽԽ㴬Ҳӭǰ˫ԶԶţսš
̴תҶƬġ
һƬѰ洦ɼҶδ̺Ҳ޷
̴ֽҶƬ˳ȥƴҶƬ£Юޱ߷£ڿзһХ
ҶƬȥϷȻֹסɢҶƬţƺϢ֮ҶƬȻ鿪䡣
ʱһ𣺡Сɽһ𣡡
ɣҲ̴üôЩ죿
ȵȣڷӦ𣿣
ʦܣŷҲڴʱѿڶɫ
ĸԴӼ̳а֮λӣǶԼĶҲϾ̡ܽ
ڰڼλϳ³ģ̴ʱҲȥżҲָС
ʮǰԼĸ״һܣʹҳߣδعڡ
̴šüͷΪʲôԳСɽӣ
ʶֻ̫̽ިڣעԸ֪ʲô
̴δԥ۶ȥ
棬Сթŷ߿ʧıӰϧûס̴̡
û̫ިϢ֮䣬̴̱˳֮ϡ
֮ʣһǰסȣɺ棬Һ㰡
̴ЦһüĿ俴мФƣҳʮ꣬ΪܺŪȥ
ɺҲûһ̧ͷ桭
´һȦ֪ǻ񾳽磬̴⼸֣ʮδʱ⡣
ʱСɽӣ̴̿ڣĿȴ̫ިϡ
˵£Щ飬ϾճӦ¡
ǰѰСɽ¡̫ިص
̴̿һۣٴοڣǽҼⲻСк⣿
۵״żַβźۼؽ
ͬڣ̸һ׮ס̫ި̴䱸Ŀ⣬
̴ʱ֮⡣
޸ףȻҲͬ㽻ס
һĨЦ̴̺Цص֮£Ҫи󵽡
ΪҪ޸̶ѡ㣿
̫ިߣϰٷͣУƺƵһĨȡ
ȻΪܸڵģࡣ
һһ䣬ܴ޸̵ŵΪΣ


201 
ǽֻʣԫϱ, Ϊ̳ˮ֮һ棬̶ʱռ, Сɽֲ٣Ҳ޲ǽ
̴վһĳǽϣ߽, ипԼùɵһʯ
ǰսƣʵ˰, ˫Ҳδʲô, Ҳǿȥ쳣ҡ
̴Ӧ̫ިĽףϾ, 벻ԼʲôҪܾ, ں޸̵Ľ黹Զûв벻ĳ̶ȡ
ο޸̵ʯ, Ӧ̫ި̳, Ҳȷˡ
ʿҲ, ̫ިóĳ֮ʱ, ȻҲԥ޸ֶ̡, ֻҪʱ, ʱܻġ
ˮŰ޵, , ʱ, ˭ȹˮ, £ġ̴̿Ե̫ިڵ
ģܵõݡ
˼ȥ, 벻̫ިΪʲôҪӽ
̫ި壬СɽֳڲʿͬͬС
㣬ϪһɽٴȻռơԽȻݫiף޸뾵ϵԽܣ֦֮ͬơ
Ȩ֮󣬲ǸԸͶڲӺյ޸̡
űвڶͶ޸̵Χ֮ţԾͣһͬʱϷݼƵڣ˹ˮƺƴ
˷޸˳ӽһʢ
󣬲ڴˡ
̴ԣ̫ި⡣
һʼҪģղͬ
ΪΣ̴д˼ֺ档
̫ިûлش̧ͷԶɽͣȺɽ֮󣬱ˮ
̴ڣݵҾֳѾˡ
ٸˮӲдʮĻᡣ
̫ި̴̸֮ʱҲ˰ڷϡ
ŷߴվԼǰ꣬żָпʦܣ뿪ʱֻǽΪû뵽Ѿˡ
ͣҲԪӤʿˡ
ʦôСɽӣ̾䣬ŷԼĵ¡
ҲδｫԼ뿪ں˵˳̫ިΡ
һֱδͽ׷ģŷ߲ɫ΢
յĸ״һܣ߶ҳߵԭļ򻯵ͽ׷Ļ·и߽׷ġ
ĸڷ輫Ǽ̳츳ڷϵҲΪڣʮʱܳɹƳ׷ġ
ֻͽȴ̽λƷ׸ߵķģоμ򻯵ͽ׷ġ
ĸ׿ڿպԼ츳
ͽ׷ľ֮ΣʵΨи߽׵ķġ
ϣĸ֮з磬ֱʮǰѹìڱĸ״һܣϷԼ룬Ըѡ뿪ڡ
뿪ںĴͼоһµļ򻯺ķĻ·ֻ̫ި֮ǰ̿ƻ
˵̫ި𲻽Щ꣺ʵһʼǱƭСɽġ
̫ިԼΪն׽ˡ
ڻǵãԼһʱϲ£°͡
ŷߵСɽ֮ʱμѵĿˮشԼʦһǿ츳Ǿ棬Ż뾡˰취ҴȥСɽ
Ҳ̫ިѵ˶ڣҴΪһȲԼʵ
ŷϴЦҺֱͷ͵ʦܵ츳ȷǾѣڰܼ
ֻСɽʦ֪δЩʧ
ƲƲ죺˭涨˵ţӵľͱš
οҲ˵ˣϽķûʸڵӡ
ŷ̾һȰʦܣҲ֪ʦⲻһʱŭ֮ˡЩ꣬ҲһֱѰ㡣
ʮȥŵʱ򣬲֮ʱΪ˻ơ
ֱڣյ֤õòٺã԰ѰĶҲûôС
£ǽŷģУΨŷͬĹϵáΪΨһⲢ֧򻯷뷨ˡ
ƮڿʵҰɻã
ỹΪҳɣ
ʦһжãֻ֮Ͼ֮ʱ
˵ԼһжãҲŷһɫȻڼ򻯷Ļ·Ľչ
һ˾ͬŷ߽
ŷҲǷޣʲѷɫࡣԣˮԷһ򵥡
ʱż򻯺ķĻ·Һ૵ʦܣȻš
мԲĿɬ
ԣŷ߱ѾʶЩ򻯷ĵ塣ЩĳϵôʸΪԼͳˣ
ͷЩ˼Ҳʦ㣬Ҳ˳ЩĻ·
ŷ̧ͷЩӣڷҲ衣
λ𣬾Ȼ֧ȥ˲ʵʵ£ƫƫ󣬻ɹˡ
δ뷨¶֮ɫǣʦˣ
׼³ǽ̫ިȻŲһ١
·ˣʵôˣ
̫ިüܾڱҡ
ԶϼҲӦõġżֵ٩
̫ި̧ͷָǰһûУȴĲΪ֮һ
ָ̧֣׽סġ
̫ިûůĽԼ־С
ԣһĿڶݵϢ֮󣬾ڿ֦ðһѿ
飬Ŷıܡһ̣º͡
ָ΢תһ뵹â£ԡУչ½ڵƤѿ˴֦Ҷ
̫ިĲɫԾ
ɷҲӲΪ
Ϊ࣬Ƿ˪ࡣ
֪ǰ̫ިΪ˵Ķ̶ʮУޱߺڰΨһһ߹
̫ި̧֣ιǼ⡣
סˡ
ͷĿ⣬ɫͫŵЦ⣬רע
࣬ûж˵㣬Һܸˡ
ǰǽܸ
£ֻܶ޹ģԶӣȾ
ި
㣬Ҳƽϲ֮¡
̫ިۣһһ䣬֣ض
ǽϣһо۵׵̴꣬ôöɽٴܣڸûе͵زɣ
·ӵӰ߻̲סȡ꣬Ҳһųʰ⡣
ϧʱ̫ãչпݹǳɻңͽˡ
̴ҡҡͷЦһʧڳǽϡ
·֦Ҷӳͷס̫ި
һΣõʱ


202 
¶ʮ괺, ڳ̳Ϊ̳֮Ի, ӭڣ˫̳̱֮ӡ
ʱ޸̷ӽ, ʮգռӽһʮʮ, Ϊ, ±ˮ⡣
ԮСɽ֮ʣʧ, ̳һ, żڽˮ֮⡣
⽥, ̫ިɽ֮, ۿɼһƬ̡
˴ȴɽȻͬЦЦ, ̾
, 긲ѩ, ǡ
˵ǧǰ, Ҳʱ֮, ʱڵзħ, ɽ, ĻΧ, Ӵֻѩʱ֮
̫ި˹ǣλʦȻصʱѩʧӰ
һ, һƬѩеȻҪۣжۡ
࿴һϷɫ̲סҲЦԼˡ
˲ɽбƣ·ס
̧ͷȥˮڣкΰգϹڣԱ˳֮Ϊڡ
ŨΧϹ֮ʱ
ΨϹ֮ʱؼŻŨˮȴȻˮڵ°Ʒġɾ
Ũ֧ţڵ澰
ֻǵЩƷ֪˶ٲʿѪᡣ
ռ䣬޸Ӧϸ༫ĿԶӽ֮أ޸ڶ±вͬռǵսڷƮ졣
ڶʱõģƷˮ˳ѾƵ˶㣬֮£һˮĺʱ
ԣ̫ިһʾԼ
óӽ޸ڴ˾˴ʱȻмֲµ뷨
̫ިͷδϡ
Ҫӽ޸̱һսҲΪ棬г֣һҪķʱ䡣
ֶɽȹǣ̫ިڵӽȷռ֮Ҫˮ󣬲ڹڡ
΢΢üͷ
Ŀ⣬̫ިڲ֮Ĺڵڣֹһڡ
ѭĿȥ֮£ڷܶƣ˼䡣
δԣۣʶ죬˲Ϣ
ˮ󷨸ǣΪ˲ɣϻδ֪̽ˮɽΣֻǱܹƣ϶½ڼΧ֪
Ƭ̺͵ۣھɫ̫ި΢ָǰ
Щڻ˵ʱ
ڴ˴ܣһ˵ڣڤڤΪɣϻ
̫ި׼ðա
û˵ʲôǽˮĿԽ
±̳˴Ϊƾ֮أãַ̧˶ڵķأſڵ
з򣬵²ƾ֣δн
ˮһϾķΨѰ֮ܽȥ֮ǰգ㹻̫ިȷһ򣬵ڣδ֪
Ϊ˲ɣϻڴʱóͫ˱ֻˮμΧδһԾ֡
ʱޣ̫ިҪѰƾ֮Ҳף֣̱ࡣ
൱Ȼܾ˵̫ި󣬱ΪˮɣϻֱУ֡
պ󣬹¸ֻüƵĽŲ𣬳򣬴Ҵ̫ިչصľ
𣬴̫ިĻ
ż⣬һӳ磬ϯض˼ͶӳģˮΡ
ΣѾ㹻˽ɣϻµ϶ڰ֮ڡ
¡̫ި⣬ڡ
ӰͶڴֽϣص¥Ϣǰڴǳʧ٣
̫ިɫ΢΢һָ΢űѾ󿪣첽龹Ǵδйء
ȻվĿڳϣЩ˵Ҵʦǳʧˣ
ͷ̧¶򣺡¥Ȼ£д
漰֮£¥ڵһʱ䳭͸¥й͡ҪһʲƵʯСɽ֮Ҳ¥һ
ʱԳѰ侲ûмȥ򣬶ǿʵǳԴ˿˵
ȼȻǳʧ٣ǳӦԴи͡
ǳԵʱշ籩˺ѿռ䣬ΪǳסӡŻʧ϶֮С
飬֮϶гշ籩Űȴ޷޲ôǳڴˣΪ˷ӡ϶з籩Ϊ¡
˸ǳ£Ƴ籸
糤ԣһƺٺʱȴ޷š
û׷Ѫ֮£ỳǳ󡣵Ѫ֮ǰ򣬲ձڴʧ٣û飡
ŴǣֽճȭָΪЩס
̫ިߵԣ΢ָס֡
ʶĿִٵϡ
ԼҲԸ̫ި
ȻǣǱȥǳһ⡣̫ި۾ڡ
ܹǰȥǳģҲֻˡ
ڻɽҪ˲ܿҲζţ뿪Ϊ̫ϻ죬ӺӦǵ˶޷ɡ
㡭
Ļδ˵꣬Ѿ̫ިϣصġ
ˮ֮£ʮռжۡ
䡣
˼ֻеĲ˶ٷֺ
̫ިջ֣ˡ
ͷƬ̺һǣ̫ިԭЩ԰׵Ĵ϶ʱ˼Ѫɫ
ûٶ˵ʲôתȥǳȥ
ࡣʱ̫ިȻ󿪿ڡ
ͣ˽ŲŮҵ
ǺϵΪȻǳ󣬲֪٣ΪҲǰȥء
ȥΪǽʦ
̫ިҲյѡ
ֻ˵ҵ
ûлͷҿ飬ֻ˻á
صߵġ
꿴ʧıӰԥʦ㣬λǺϵܣӦ˵ʦ־ȥˣֻҲ
˵ǳλΪɲ⣬ʦôȥǰװͲˣ
֮£֪ΪΪ֮ġ̫ިջĿ⣬䡣ң
һ㡣
ȻӦһ
ȻЩϵĻϲǼ㹻򵥵£ȴǡ
ӽΡ̫ިһתս¡
һ˲ŷӦæʼ޸ڶѳ̽ˮɽ֮ڣֻδƺѵǿ֮ĩ
֮̽޸̵Ӧ˻ᣬٹˮ󡣡
ѶڣͶ£̫ިаղӰУԵЩްǾٱ޸̣칥ˮ󡣡
ݵ£Ѿӵùˡ


203 
ˮ, ʿԽ֧ǰͺ̵ӿˮȿڡ˸ɱ, ˫ʿ£Ѫ䣬֮, Ѿ˵Եִˮ֮⣬¡
սŨصѪζ, б˵, ҲԼġ
ɣϻҲδ֣ˮ, ɽʿǶǿΪ, ҪԸ, Ҳ, οˮڲѹԴȱƷ㹻ķ
ЩȻΪմ˲С鷳, ŷ, ҲڻɱɽٵĹˡ
ƶڶɽʿ, ʵڲʲô
ˮɽ֮, л롣
ɣϻˮȾӲݵһ, ΪĻǸ, , ܼô, ޸һֱͼƷˮվ֮£һ֮ʱ, ȴֲʵ֮С
ƬѹڲͷϵӰҪɢȥˣ
һֱ޸ԼĴȡˮ󣬴ʱҲ̲ס
ռӽ򵽹ˮһж̫˳˳Щš
ˮɽٵ⡣ˮĶɽ٣ֻʣɣϻһˣ
տڣɣϻϢУȴٳδ֡
ǲ룬ǲܡ
ɣϻˮ򲻿صƣ϶в²⡣
ʱԽ󷽣ݫiԹƳһۣĿڵɫǰ֮£̫ިһʱҰˣҰڣٴ޸¶һ֮أ
ݣȡˮģΨ޸̣
˽˼ȫȷݫiⷬŵЦص
֪ΪΣԽɫݫiĬһ˲ŵݫiԵݵĶԹΨ޸̾ٲݣҰӻſܴλ±һ
һ㣡
ݫi鲻ʲô仯ֻζ³֣ô
Ϊ˶Կ㣬ֻ֮ǰƵͰڳ֣Ѵ۶С
㹥ˮ󣬲Ҳ޸һҶڴˣһʱΪ
ο
ݫi̧ͷԶƮżս㣬ʱֻܴӲ
޸Ը
ʱˮķѾʼɢʿԽ֧ӿˮڡ
Խ¶޷εϲɫˮˣ
ڷ֮ˮƺ޷תȻˮ˻ߵӭУеӻǲȥƻޱȡ
ˮķڱ޸̵ȻŹõʱսƮţںɱнˮС
ڸ߿֮ϣ⸡У˼䡣
ʱɣϻȻûгֵĴ㡣
·ͬײһһһطˣҽ𣬲ʿ£Ѫ
սƮڽ䣬̫ިһ£̵ڶʿ棬ϲκα顣˿ˮڻޱȣյĿӹڡ
նɱˮɽٵԼʿˮ޸̣ղ㻹ѹ޸̵ơ
ڣҪɱɣϻ
Զ䭵Ҳ̫ިϣֻգĿд̫˵
ˮڣɽʿղһۣڶȥ
Ψɣϻ䣬Żӣô˴ӴԺ¶ʳѰ
ڶɽٴܵ¥ڣĿ࿴ʿòʱ˱ܡ
һȻڿըΧûҲɢȥȴδԤǰ䡣
ɢӨӨ⣬ڴ֮ʱΡ
һж֮ʱɣϻڳϷۣͬľ̤ɽٲ꣬Ϣĺߡ
һ˿ϲɫһĺɣϻѾٸıƣϲ֮£Ͼ˼ɣϻεԭ
ֻɱֻҪɱսˮһУ
ڣʵɣϻˮ¾ͬѹԴ伫ͬ
ɣϻĿϣɤ϶˻ƣ޸̲°ܽĪ˵ɥ֮ȮһӴܵľҲб
΢䣬ȴδ仰ŭٴοڣɣϻ˲ͽѿ֮죡
£ֱɣϻȥһģɽʿ
Ψ̫ިվԭأȫ޶ƮȻԾһƬľȻ顣
ɣϻ˫ĿӰҪ֮ʱڻ˽Ƭء
һֿƿɲȻˮϷеʿΪ֮һͣҲ֮֮У޷
ǶɽʿӴѹҲ԰׹£Ǳء
صһ˲˿·̽һһǲƶ
ɣϻһֱڵȵʱǰͺ̵عˮΪ߾У
ΪˣۿˮΪɽŶ֧ͥĶɽʿҲյУΨǲܺ޷̤ˮ󣬳ΪļƷ
·ˮӣ޸̵£ڷɿʧľ֮󣬱ȡģ֮
վˮƬϵ飬ȻΪ˼ƷƬޣſ޿ڣ̰ؼȡЩ
ŷתͼסԼ˿ߣȴȫá
ô
жɽڵΪΪҲȫ޵ֻֿ֮֮ʧ
һֱվԭûж̫ިȻڣ֮ǰͥڣΪɣһأԴ˹ͨء
ǽ̤أǱɣϻķء
ʱ˵أʵɣϻ֮µʿ޿·ȷжɽٺڵʵ
˵Ŀⶼ̫ިϣǰļʧ֮£Ǵδ˵
ɣϻû뵽̫ި֪Ȿ֪
ָ̫ިץڽҪŮ֮ʱһ
ɫӰ˳⣬ԭڶɽʿϢҲڴ˿̵۷塣Σ£ŮһƬľȻ
̫ި


204 
, ŮޱУ۷Ϣʱ˶ʶ̫ި
ŮǷ커ߵӰ, Ļò֣֮֮Ϊ̫ͣިԻƵǵ, Ƕɽʿ棬Ҳδ˷ֱ
̫ިҪŮǰݵĿġ
ɣϻΪˮ֮ڻأϹͥ, ֮, Ϊ¡
Ϊ, ɣϻԶҲ뿪ˮ벽, Ⱥζ̫ި, ֻ˺, ޷١
԰ǰͼ, , ط, ϹͥЧѲǰ
ΪЧ, ɣϻþ취, ķ, ڽˮɽ֮ڻء
һ, ˵ɵʸ
ɡ
ֻҪܵλ, ԰
ɣϻֻʣͷ˳֮⣬, ʲôҪˡ
Ҫ֮޾֮ϴȫӶȥ
ˮ󲻹׼ˮʿҲҲ㣬ɣϻĿ˲ھʿ
Ҫ֮ɾλ
̫ިɣϻԼĴ㣬ǰҵһˮ󣬱˶ܣҲһսС
ֱʮ󣬾Ԫָݫiڶʿˮ
ɣϻԶɣΪһ˳У̫ިӦյȶɽһˮڣ̫ިҪһһ㹻ɽʿĿ
ɣϻʿնȴ֪ԼҲҧϱ˵Ķ
̫ިҪɱͱƿɣϻصϵǰѰնɣϻ˴ص϶
϶ҡϹͥҪʱɣϻ֮ʿ֮ʱ֮ʱ
ʱˮڣʧ˷ıŮĶٻ֮࣬ܿƵӿڡ
ɣϻѾʶԼļƻ©ʢŭץдѹʯŮνԭأ޿ɱܡ
ˮǱֹĽˮĻŽʯ󣬽ˮ˸˳ŷӿ
ɣϻرɫ˲Ů֣ۣһܡ
̳ķ
Դݿ֮˽һ˲Ϊ촷ۡɣϻܵصϵ˼֣һѪήҡ
Ϊѹڳʿȡ֮ɣϻԭ׾ϵͥ񱻽ˮڵģֻǶɽʿнʮˣ
ɽͺȻˮƬ֮彫ûȡ֮ʿ
˳֮У̫ި̤ˮʤѩȾ˳ܣˮ˳ͬѱĳ
˿̣ˮʿɽĿͶ֮ɫ
ע貨ǧ˵ģмˣ
Ϲͥһǣ͵ٴΪ·ʿƬ̴Ϣ֮
̫ިˮ֮ϣڣĶ⣬Ԫһ
Ķ㹻˿תĹ켣Ůûԥ߶ڲд治ת
ֹ֮סʧ֮ƣŮ仹ֻһƬľȻҲΪ΢ɡ
֮յȶɽڶʿҲǿ߶ס֮Ĳʧ
ͥʧȡ֮ʿ޷ѽǰպɽҲڴˡ
ɣϻüܵγˮջسȡ֮ϢȻࡣ
Ѱ·
³⼸֣ɣϻȻ̫ިϮˮŻīɫŲ
ˮڣɣϻһսģֻ̫ިѣѾͻƶɽڣɣϻҲΪԼ֡
ǰɽУ޷٣ܷӵɣˮڣʲôʸԼ⣡
ΪڰɫĽˮײһ֮ƺֻˮڣ̲סãã֮СĿⶼϷʿǼӣ⼸ǹϵһս
ڶɽٺڵɣϻǰ̫ިδ·硣
ˮˮΪǿһˮˮ֮ϣɣϻȻ̫ި֡
ת䭿һĻһʱ˵
ǸΪƽƽԼδӵĵӣѾʿη
Զɫһ衣ֻ뷨Ѿûκˡ
һΣСУ
ͬʱһڵУ̫ިķãڴӿм֣ʦ㡭
ˮֵģʦ㰡
ԣҲʧȫȻš
˭뵽վΪǳʵӵĴʦ㣬ҲΪ֮ɫ
ϣӿˮĽˮϯɣϻͷǿ
·ɣϻ䣬ӿĽˮɫѿȴĽˮȥ·
ɣϻĿɭХһǿлɢˮ˲ϢϮ
Ʒ̫ިĿʱˮȻ·Ⱥ͸ɣϻѪϷ䣬һѪꡣ
̫ި֮ʱзܻۣסɣϻһ
̫ި̧֣ƮѪҺֹסȥƣʱͣһ˲漴ɣϻµÿһѪɶء
̫ިɫ԰׵þˣ΢΢ָ򵥵Ķȴþ
һ̣ɣϻ屻ԼѪ͸һըѿ˲
ǰʿ֪һ¡
Ҫǰˡ


205 
ת, ѵľԷɣϻһʱ޷׹䣬̫ިмżֲš
ù, δ
ɽУ̫ިɣϻǰ¶ʵҲǱɽһǡ
ذ½Ѫ, ǿһұĻŽ֣̫ި˻, ɣϻɽٺڵʵα
ȴδӰĶ, ߿յķ绯ǰ, ֱɣϻȥ
ȼ˱ɫ, â, ɣϻľҲ̫ިС
, £˿, ҫĿâ
һ̴͸ɣϻȫҪ, ̫ިȻߡ
һ, ˮڵضɽҡ, ʱзͰεض, ǰ̫ި, ܹ, ٶ˿
ڵĺɫˮ, γһɿƿɲ˽
ˮ̫ި߻ۣӭˮ, ڰ׽ţγһƺ˵ˮɲǼ䣬ƬˮڵĽˮƺⳡԿ
·ʿǿסΣ̧ͷУŵصȴһԾĽ
̫ިɣϻײһɽʿѹײ˺һƬң˿Ρ
ɢȥȾѪ̫ިסɣϻĲ϶¡
ɣϻɽ֮ϣһľ죬Ѫ£
ѾѪȾ죬̫ިϲκα飬ƽýĮȻ
ûиɣϻӵĻᣬָֽ̧Ŀڡ
ͫȻŴɣϻŵؿвӿѪҺʺĿ
һö˸͹â̫ިģֻԶԶȥҲܸ֪̺޾
ϱ鲼ŷ·һѾʶõ׭ģ뿪ɣϻ˸
ҡ
ɣϻѵ̫ި̫֡ިɣϻ֮⣬ӸµؿĮȻ
ʮϢɣϻϵϢȻίҲ֮ص䣬ִˮ꣬ʿ֮ɫˮĿ֮³ķˡ
ɢʧȥ֣ɣϻһƱ޷лָзһΪ޷ܵʹŤ
ⷬ״ˮһƬȻ
ո߸ϵˮɽٺڵĴܣȻ̳Ϊˡ
ɣϻ¼һˮʿԼӵġɣϻҪǵľηγϰߣʱҲԹֻʣһƬȻ
䣬ˮΣֵȥδӣ
ܵΧĿ⣬ˮڶֻһ
ˮӰµڶʿȻɣϻĲ״ͬ飬ˮϵģʲô
ۿɣϻΪ̫ިܣΪʧѲ˾Ȼ֮Уˮ󣬾㸲ô
𡭡
Խ̫ިϣǿʵԼûܲΪ֮ݡ
ҡɣϻ˻ţŴĺ·ؽϹͥһ̣ͻΪɵ
ʧÿһѪ޾ʹ࣬ҪΪѹΪ촷ۡ
ֻҪûͻеɵĿܣ
ɣϻĿͶ̫ިֻҪ㽫ңʲôԸ㣡
أмҲαظϾɱڿūٽң󣬱жɽٺڵʿʹ
仰ʿ̲סһͣƵĶϧв̫ި
ɣϻв˿УҪ
ɣϻĿѣԹ
̫ި֣ˮӿԲɵ֮ƿ·ˮΡ
У˵˳Žˮɪһš
ˮ°βŮȻ˫ۡ
ק𣬷ˮУ˰ߵ𣬳صβʱǣ£ҪϻˮΡ
ɣϻͻȻֳĪĿ־壬ܣȻޱ̻¶֮¡
̫ި֣Կ˽ĵϿɫβ޹⣬ڿлһȣԡ
òiŮ̧ͷ̫ިһ˫ͫ͸ųǱ
̫ިδĿ⣬΢΢֣öɣϻȡ㻺Ůӡ
ԭ̫ި
ǰԼһö໹һö
ɣϻ˻еſڵϣڿ־塣
ŮӽסΪ̫겻˵ͳٻΪҪҡ
Ƿһһ顣
ŮشЦЦصڷУһ衣
һ塣
壬ڶβɣϻǰɭȻڣû뵽һлżһա
ɣϻӱһ㿪Ŀ⣬ţϵϼⲻȻس鴤š
Ů֣һ̣Ц⡣
ɣϻɪţȻؿ֪ˣҴˡ

紹ĺߵɣϻȻǰ毺õŮ˭һĻ֮С
һϹţں֮ʱδһ𣬽ұѪСдഫѪͨ顣
ǧǰ۪һ峤֮λãⴳأΪȡ
۪尵㺣Ϊ˲ϧ棬ͬһӡ
ʱǱ˷Ӷ˱ضһ㲻ᣬѡ롣
ѰأΪ۪׵Ѷ
ɣϻ
ɣϻĸˮӣΪʲڣΨº̲ͣס׽
ؾ֮ʧȥױӻɣϻˮľʱࡣ
ݸǰµֻƬɣϻҵԼδıĸ
۪ĻΣǾ
ٺɣϻ֪һܡ
ÿһ峤һ峤̳Ѫںϣ̳ȱΪ
۪ڲǧͣ˶ɽٺڵΪǧʵڲʲô
۪δɣϻΪ
Ƶд֮ʱŵؿǰ꣬ɣϻ侲شʳö
ɣϻһѪȻڲδѪǿԽ۪ڡ
Ը˶ɽٺڣȴδܵӳΪӴΪ
ɣϻǲɱ۪Ҫʱŷ֣۪»ͬ
ⱾΪ˱ɣϻȴ޷Ĩɱ۪ԭ
ֻ۪ܽˮˮԶûˮС
ɣϻҲδŹˣֻǵѾȫЧáΪоѪóʿ
£˱㶼ɣϻˮ֮λɽʿ£ݶòˮ׳Ƴ
۪ȼ䣬㽫¾壬һʱ䣬ˮֻʣһƬĬȻ
㣬ǶΥĳͷȻһЦβϱᴩ˿Ѿۣʹȴδ˼֡
ɣϻڰػţ
ϧһΣ۪ٶ
ʧɣϻд͸壬˫Ŀſڵ棬ʧϢ
߳һʱˮվǴſƤ
۪ڷᣬ̫ިл
ʶҲ֪һйʲôӦл
ɽȥ۪ſ֣öڿУɲǼ䣬ʹâ
ϸϷ׹䣬һ꣬ԡڹ֮Уʿƶʼת
̫ި̧ͷӽâУȿֺӿ֮ڡ̫ިܸоԼΪӶɽ𽥱ƽɽٺڡ
ɣϻȡö񣬾дڡ
۪̫ިл
ߣǵ˰ߵڿлȥɫ̫ިṴ𴽽ǣۣԼӰʧڷС
һöɫ̫ިƮ۪ˮЩ꣬ǰö̫ިתΪĻᡣ
סö
۪ʧһ̣·ʿ̫ިڵķһ
һݣл۪Ҳл
ȾѪİ±䣬̫ިɽۣѻ೤дЩȻ
ָ̧֣£
󣬸еڷȻ϶¿ʼֱˮڵʿǵһĻ


206 
ڱ֮ʱ, ˷ؼͥȫ飬ʿ֪ڤڤ֮еĽڴ˿̵Խ
Сɽķ˳ŽˮƯ, ɽڵԶܲģֻܵˮ⣬̫ިѶ
˵ʿش, ڶΪˮ˵壬СɽҲ˳˻
ʦϾ֮, Сɽ, ôҲöԴӲ
ο˵˿, , ˵ڶϼ, ֵ֮, ٷһҲӶࡣ
ָʾ£Сɽӹƴݲ
վ, ʿΧˮӡնݳ, ˮѹ޸֮ʱδ, , ȻҲˮ
ƺ, 
ˮһս, վǳɾ֮
̫ިɣϻ, ԶˮʿΪƷ, Ĺ£޸֮ǰһжȻʧɫ
˺ֻǵˮ
ֻһս, ȻȾ޸֮ϡ
ձ£ԽҲη壬ګګ˾䣺
ȥΧˮˮѪծǸóʱˣдһѹֵƽǱǰĺ档
޸̴Уܲܺ
ԽͷӦǡ
ɣϻʱ˭ŹϷˮԴʱ
ƽʿߣСɽһ·ǰɨ
̫ިĴڣʿ֮ˣ
ۿŰڵսϣȻʶʲôڣԭᣬ֮ǰ
һ㣬䣬̴̵Ŀ絶һ㣺ԭ˳֮
̴̲η𴽽ǣüϸ۲תʣƳǰȴȫȻ·磺գҰڴӦģɶˡһκûеڴӴ˱ֻ޸̺
˹οҼǲʡĵСʮǰҳߣƫСɽȻ״ӡһӣҪΪһһ
ǰţĸס
һδ
ϢָŷʩʩȻվЦǰǰ˵òϵȷûĵ
ղЦôƵҲ뵹ǰջ֮ϣһСУƵɨأŷϾ
ˮУòԩŷ̬̹ȻͣҪҪʱ򣬱㹻Ҫ
̴üƵǴˡ
ĿӣŷղؽһͬΪţںƵĽ飬޸̣ࡣ
Ըķ䣬浽زʱϻԿƵֳŭ⡣
վһԣڲⳡ֮Щ˼
ݫiؿһĻ޸̴ȥ
Ƶ꣬ɣϻ֮ұض㣬ھԵʵǰտıһУ¥󣬺Ȼ
ǰڣݫiɾһ˿̡
еֻսˮ𣬸ĸѱȴλϲ
ԼΪԼһо
ݫiϣȷڿ־壬־彫ҪµС
ĸ֮ʱ䶸
Ϊˮǯס°ȹѵŮڸ¥Ϸ䭣㿴˭
̧Ŀȥɫ
ˮסϲ԰׵òһ˿ѪɫŮӣֳŮ
񣬻񣬸ý課ǡԶԶһĻסǡ
գͻƶ飬㲻òָݰˮΪӣʵȴʡ
ھʱ񽻺ãֻƺعУԸ˵̫ި˽Ȼͬѡ񣬴Ӵ˽нԶ
̫ިϺɣ¶ֵʵݫi֪飬ˣվ
ƫƫģֻƿʮع̫ިûжۿǰ
䭵Ŀڸ¥֮ϣѪҺһ˲̣ǿ侲Σ
ңҪһͷ뿪ȾѪˮ˻һһٹƽ
룡䭿ڣȻȻصôܷһˮԴѡ
οǵãЮˮϣѲ޸̵ӵʿ֮һ
겻֪ж޸̵ϣôһڣ
ˮǷµѪծȻֹһ׮ͬһ뷨ʿ
ס񾱼Ҫսʹ࣬һ˫ˮԶԶԼ常
ֳŮŭյȫȻʧȴӦе侲Գ֡
ĮȻŵԴΪأɾڸŮΪʿԻǵ
У񲻹޹ؽҪˡ
ȻܴӦ֮ǰˮΪʣѾǷôԼǰ
ߣ֮ĺǣҶԽնɱ䭶գһһ䭱㲢ްվ
ղΪ֮ˡ
ţѪծۣ˶ͽ뿪кΰʡ
ԶԣסҪ񣬿еĿ־

ս֣ð֮踣ҲҪ°誣
ݫi׽оģ
ʿĿͶⷽݫiִҪסƶΪ
ͬҲ䭵飬Լλ常ۿŰ
䭣öɽ٣Ҫ뿪ӦѲǣˮЦ䭵̬Ѿϣ
䭺һͣûʱ
ݫi΢常Ϊ誻һ˵ˮ뿪Ϫ϶ȻΪǧָ
ˣֱʿΪУ
ΪϪϣԼһз
㷢ģƽƽػؼң
㲻
㲻Ȫ䣬Ҷټ㣬Ȫ֪Ҳԭ㣡
⼸仰صԺУݫiָ΢΢ţ䭴Ӧˮ֮ǰ¶˾ġ
ķתǰݫi䣬ƿգâ


207 
˭Ҳû뵽, ΪֳݫiԼʹɱ֡
һ̣͵, ŵؿ·֮ˣʹϮ, ۡ
ˮҲδϵд˱䣬סʶһɡ
ȥ˲Ϣ֮, 䭷, Ѿڸ¥֮ϡ
ڶɽʿԣֻ˲Ϣ, 㹻ı¡
һƻˮ, Ʋ, ȥ, ȫȻû䭽ֵĴ㡣
Ѿʧ˳롣
û׷ȥֱ̧ס, һ誡
ת, ԴԴϵػĿ, ס
Ѫǿֹס, ɽȡһöҩ, Сĵι¡ҩ, ǿ, ȴ޷ʹࡣ
ͬʱ, 飬ԪӤҲԳɢ֮ơ
ΪһȴֹΪɢ
ϢԪӤһص, ֪һУͽ͵֣ƺץסʲô

ɢȥΪֻ֮䡣
꣬ݫiڤ̫ި֮֮ܺ࣬δΪʣգһᴩϾΪɢ
䭼ʱʩȣԼһ
ˣ֮䣬ȥΪƣ޻Ϊ֪Ҫꡣ
ݫiΪʲô֣簡
Ӧģȴѡɱ
ȥˮʱӦؼңӦģ
΢΢˶۽ˮĬ䡣
̫ިӸµһУϲκ
ָаȻڸ¥֮¡
ݫiԶ齣ХأУѪ䣬õѪ
Ҳ֮ɽٶ⣬̫ިٶɫ졣
ʲô
ݫiĿӽƿ̫ިϣʮ겻Ϊˡ
һվˡ
仰Χʿɫ죬ϪϵȻǾʶô
£Ӧ˽ˡ̫ިвʲô紵䣬ѪʺĿ
ݡ¥֮ϣʧһ䡣
ݫi⣬ԤϵԼ֣ݫiȻ¡
ݡ
֣ԴʿԣʵЩİ
˽֪Ϊ̫ިΪλỽݣ
ʦ㣡žڵӷ仰һеشԶ˹ûϴǴʦ㣡
һʱ䣬˵Ŀⶼϣ˺Ȼǰǳ硣ӦԴϾں󣬾ڴʦϪϵľ𣬾Ҳʲôˡ
һӦǿʦֶ񲻾𣿣
ĬĬŵĴʦݣȻһƶˮ
Ϣ˭š
ϪʿУ׵ɫر࣬СӹԹԴھô
ϧΪԼĴǰʵûʱǰѵӡ
ȫȻ֪ԼѾϣؿ̫ިۿ죺ʦ㡭
̫ިǵ˭ļһá
ѲǾڵӡ
ʦԶǴʦ㣡ص
ƺع̫ިʩϪʿҲϳգû̫ިǻᱻС
ʱ뵽ʮ⾰
䭵ݫiǰ̫ިһ񣺡𣬴ǰ֣ϪдȣҪλԸһе
ݫiųĺӣţ֮ݫiʹɱ֣Ҳ޷֮ˡ
٣ӦΪһ¡
̫ިΪⷬĶݣַ̧䣬䭵㱻һɾƿΪ񣬱Ѻķ˲
䭵ĶԹǰ壬㲻㡣ݫiǷģδ˽ᡣ
סΣֹ̫ިȴԭأá
գݫiԽȻ»ԼӦǡ
޶ԣ׮²潻Ϊһݫiڴʱ̫ިϡ
ţ£͸øۡ
̫ި̧ǰߵò죬ÿһ̤ݫiϣ״Ŀ־ȡס࣬˼
ǿֱָͦǽΪ̫ס
һöתĵ軺ڿУ֮⣬Ҳܸ֪̺⡣
Ӧ֪ʲô̫ިڡ
ݫiɬڤ
Ǵһö
Ϊݫi¡
ͬڣһöûнҩ
ѧϰҪ΢һڤԲ¡
öҩˣһҪ࣬ؿԼľʴΪˣһΪˡ
Ϊʲôɱңݫiս֡
̫ިϹ𼸷ּЦ⣺ڤһ񣬱Ҳһ
ݫiˣǺ⣬̫ިˣҲǺ⡣
𣡡䭼ˣһȣԸiڤ
ʿԣ˥ˣΪյ䣬ԼǱµ¡
ݫi򢶯˶ڿڵ常ҵ
ôĿҲֻԼ
̧ȡ裬ݫiУʱһɺθ֮衣
ϱͻоˣڷڤ֮ʱǣˣӿƬ̣ϢѾ»
ݫiǿסϮʹ࣬ʱ⣬ҪһδζԼľµ䣬ֱȫΪˡ
ֻһ״ڳʿûָ̫ިôǽݫiϵģ
̫ިתûٿһۡ


208 
ܺ񶼰, ԭͶעڴ˴Ŀ⽥ƿ̫ި뿪󣬴˱ҲʧȤ
δעΪ, ֿݫiʵûʲôֵ֮
Խ촽⶯һ˲, յĽŲ
޸̵ʥŮһ˳ס
һжΪֹˡ
⽻ײ֮ڶ, ʱһвˮڸ翹
ˮ, մȾ˲޹ʿĲȻܵõ, ֻƴһ, ˵ͻΧĿܡ
ҵʿ㶼, Χȥ
Ըԭ㽫͵μԶѵ, ȴǸûע⵽ԼڣͷҲصظ̫ިˡ
׶ȫӵԸĥĥ, , С, ҵţ
, мο, ɵɵ, , ֻǵһ, ǰ;
꿴һĻżζû뵽Сܻı£ʸ𡣡
Ըۿų, ѱϲŭб£ҲԸȥ
ͷ˵
Ը̾˿ĳӣȴȫȻȲϵŮϪУгϢģǸһûʲô۵ӡ
֮ʵ޳
Ըп֮ʣԶ̫ިıӰʧջĿ⡣վ̫ϳϡ
Ůһ£ɫǣʱڸӡ˶ʿͣӺܶǰ𣬱ѾǾ̫ϳϡͻƶɽ֮ǰԾҲִ
ʱȡ䣬Ůǰ۽Ⱦ̬Ȼܣδҫֵӣգ볤ջ䡣
ǶݣǶ԰𽣬δܾʦеΣܾԼΣ´Լᷢչյز
ĹϵѾʺξƽ֮λ
ʦ𣡡Խԣʧһ䣬û뵽䭻˾
֮£̰ƽ̫࣬ɴۣδڡ
ƽ̡Χڵӷ׷׿䭣֪˵Щʲô
ⷬʱݫiͫײ΢΢ŴΪȻҲ֮⡣
ôҲû뵽䭻ѡȥƽ֮λ
常
ݫi˻ڣδ˵꣬㱻ֽ̧ԡ
һ̣ȻʶЩ£ѾԼĿơ
Ůӵͷ䭣ʵѾ
䭽˫ַϣȻƳأǰҽδ֪ڣе֮𡣡
ŮӶĿ⣬̾Ϣһӹ˻Ʈ䣺䭣㲻Կࡣ
һߵףֻ뿪֮󣬰볤ϴΪһ䭣м
ԽĬҪǰҽȻ֮£Ӧֹ
ʦģչԼ̰𿪿ڣ糣
վ˵˵ͷͣݫiǰ
Ӧ㸸Ҫúչ㣬չһ㣬ϧһû䭿ڣд
һõ£ƺδá
ݫiڱ˽ԣ䭣
ֻ밢뿪ݼұֻʣһˣΪ֮
Ϊ֮
ݫiĸ֣˳ǣ常Ҵˣ
ûдôЩԼã˴̲סθ
ݫiЦƺẓ̇ΪãҾӦƴұҲҪ
常㿴ôݫi̧֣ΪŻᵽ˾أֻؿԼһΪˣ
˵зڵͺ𣬴żѹֵķ
̫ިڲһݫiͷϱһѵҹðߡ
ΪÿһΣҪ
Ϊˮ뿪вʿΪУʱͬʱ֣ˡݫi齥ƽľĮȻ常ɱҲ㡣
ֻʣһƬȻõĳĬ䭲ٴοڣɱ誣ǲʿΪУжɽΪ̣оڱʸŪȨҪģ
ʧΪڣݫiҲܴ
䭴ɵֻǴǰԸԶⴧݫi
ѲǾţ·;ңԶ밢誻йڡiңʹ˱
ͳݫiΣȻû㡣
常Ҫңݫiһ籩ΪԼ㹻˽䭣ɱ֣̫ިǰԾɻƴ໤
վϴһ㡣
ݫiѡ񡣡ת˿Ρ
ݫiս֣һһⲻ游Ľ̻ôգҪڵλǰģҪֶ㸲ˮ󣬹ҫϣ񣬲̻ˣ
϶ԣɽڵ䭣Ҫ̫ࡣ
ݫiķŭ󲻾ãĸǰˮ常ԣǸ׵Ĵڡ
ڣĸҪˡ
ڽգͬʱʧȥΨˡ
ûлͷԲֶΣҲӦΪ˸ۡ
i㻹ǷһԲ𡣡
̧ǰԶԶĿ⣬̧һ
Ȼʦͽ
±Ǽһɬңңһ
ȥɽˮԶǰ·˳졣
䭱еʧˮڡ
ô
ݫiͷգЦתѪ䣬Ⱦ½ȴ⣬ǰȥ
ıҰģվһӰ
ʿݫiߴû˭
룬¼ҹˣվݫiԼѡģıġ
֮ˮһսನҲȻƽϢΧ֮£ˮ˻򵱳򱻼ÿأ©
ڸʿɨս֮ʱڶԶˮĴȻȺǰ¡
ȻȻ棬Ҫ·ҵһµĵǲѡ
ˮ֮Ҫλ֣һ޶ۣڴ˵ԭ
һɳ̣ǲݽ򣬸.˴ͬս죬Ψˮһǿá
У޸ɫռݽ򣬽ı㡣ڽ֮޸̱δػܱסЩ̡
շѾĻ֮ǰռӽһվͽ֮١
ӣɽٴȻϯУ̫ިȴûе
ʱĿСɽӹżӣ֪֮δ㣿
һӴѹʿ۾Σʱɺһͣ漴⿴ȥ
̫ިԵ⻺ȹ߻֯ͣ߼Ϣգײֱӡ
ԭΪɣϻһս̫ިȻʤˣضƳأʵҲָ֮
Ĳ²ֻǴˡ
̫ި֣֮ȻЩͳĿ⽻֯򰵵ϡ
ҵȼϡ
ڶʿ̴£
ʦ㣡
ʱڴڵСɽҲʾڣ̫ި°ݡ
̫ި΢΢̧֣Ȼ


209 
ȴǽ˺õȡջ, ճ⡣
̫ި΢΢𴽽ǣЦЦʱδ, ѵ޸ʱԭǴģ
մ£޸һ֡
յĶܿ, ޸̱Щ飬գԼ͵
ڽһڲͻ, δ, ̶ʱڣҲδڶۼ顣
СɽӦ޸, аա
ɣϻ, ޸ѵΪǻһˮƬصĹɣ
̫ިȴ޸㰵Ļ, ֻ볤Ӧ´¡
ڳʱ, ޸̱ڶ͵ڴ˴, ҵĴ, ҲȺˡ
ԭСɽ볡, ջ, ԭΪ, ǴԼ󵽵ġ
Ҳһ, ̫ިڳʱǰһ̲ŵִеġ
һ, ѹ޸Ӫ, ҪΪ
вãȴֻܷﰵ, ϧǱ̫ިһ仰˻
Ŀԣн̬֮
ºǰӦûԸɽٴܵĽ档
Ƭ̴̺Цһ˵гţ޸̼ǶʱҲδˣλҪ
˵Ŀʱϣڲͬ޸ԼôôͻȻ˵
ѵѾͶ𲻳ɣ
СĵһۣȴԴɫϿʲôۼ
ЦһΨհ
˵̴̲δյص˵ͷ̹Ȼϵһǰײ£Ϊλġ
ܽ˲Ļؽһĺ޳ܣ̴̴ʿ밵
̴ȫ뷨ĿСɽȥ׼ȷڿֵϣ֣綺һ㣺𣬹
û뵽ֻῴԼͷϡ
˵ٴˣҪǰĺ񹷵֣
ȻѾ˵СʱĪһϲУΪ˱ŬЦ
ѡӵ̴̣вĿ£ǿɳܵˡ
괹ͷɥشСɽ߳ϯλ
档
̴йСĵһɫŮӣ
ĸףƽ̣
Լһۣ޿ڵĴ㣬Щʧصͷ
̴΢ЦͷˣҼССɽʦ㣬ҰӦ㹲˲ǡ
ȷվ
Ʋ죬ʹû滰
Ͷ̫ިȻмԭ򣬵ҪĻڣˣͬ޸̺иĺô
սϵľյɫԽĻҼˡ
ˣҲطϻˡ̴ЦȻˮ𣬲ݰٷϴˣҪȻµ̣£и³̡
˻һͼذȻ
նĿ⣬ڵ˵òˮһ⣬ݸȻӦ۵ģҲǴ˵ع
˵вһ㶼޸¡
ڴˣ׷޸̵ǲκ飬¹棬ʲô
Σտ̫ި
ζһĿУ̫ިδڻػ̧ͷһϵջĿ⣬
ãΡ
̫ި̧֣кֱֱɳ̣ձɫת衣
⣬̫ި׽յ⣬Ҳ˲Ϣ֮䣬ɳľΪ촷ɢ
ʿһ
ײղòվסΡ
ôܣɣϻһսƷᣬΪȫӰ죿
۪֮ʱöɽٺڵһ꣬лı̫ި˭Ҳ֪дɽٺҲһ֮ң
̫ިֶ̧գ΢΢޸￤񣬱Ҳɡ
һ֮ء
ֳ޷Ƶŭ⣬޷άƽ̫ިδ̫
£֮һ̫ި
̫ިûжֻ̧֣ȹķǽĻ
ָֻһɽڵײನӣսơ
ɽ١һ붯֣ԻסԼС
ԣܸ̫ܵިϸѹȸб֮ǰʱǿ̫ࡣ
̶°ˣ̶֮䣬ͻƶɽڣ츳ʵľ
¿ɻɱ
̫ިɽ֮ϻʣ¶ˣɱ
һѪ󵹷ɶ
̫ި̤նȹɲǱ㵽ǰӽ˿ڰн֯
ձƵˣͷȴһѪۡ
ֹסΣΪȻ˿ҷ˸ű亮â޴롣
վԭأ̧̫ިĿ⣬Ǽɵ
֮ٴȻͬǶɽڣ̫ިǰȻȫǶ֡
ѪʪģսսУ뽫ۼȥճһսƣʵδȫ
˽̫ިָ΢˿ҽղϣνӲҶ
ˣŽ̫
ѻȸһʱ֮䣬ֻЩŵĺ
̫ިĿɨɽ٣쿪ڣԣλɻʲô顣


210 
вʿôҲû뵽̫ި춯, նе£Ǹ̸ô
ôδҲ̫򵥴ֱˡ
, û˸ҳ̫ިΪѹסպ󣬸˸Ҷ˵һ֡
֮, Ϊڶɽڵģ̴̺ŷɽ, ɽٳڰˡ
ŷѰ̫ި, Ҳ̫ި̴֣, Ҫγͷ
ʵΪ, Ƿڱ, Ƕ, õġ
λʦĻ, ǲˡЦվ˳, Цֻβǡ
ǰ, ɳˮһ, .˴ս졣
, ˴⹬ڡ
顣
ɣϻ֮, Ͷ, ˮе׼
ǽ, Σˮһ㣬Ҷչ£ʹ
гסϿʡ
Ŀ, ЦⲻģʦʹЩһ֮еˣȤ
һǵͨ죬ƫƫ˵Ļ
ˣˬɫЩڵ⹬ǵڶˮ󡣡
Ϊٸˮ֮⹬յӡ
Ǻ⣿ʿ˴˶ӣԴӶԷп֮ɫ
⹬ִ֮λδλʿӸȡݴС⹬ִ鶨
ɽʿֻҪԸ⣬⹬ռһϯִ֮λ
һ㣬⹬ˣֻ̫ިڱҪ֮ʱ־Ӧ֮ϡ
ʿ֮ɫǲǲǡǡ෴⹬ʽ˵ֱòľ档
׷޸̵Դ⹬ˣǱӱߵһתΪȨߵһ
ʵǸջ
ǲݵĽָλ֣ݳص˳ڵ
ЦЦҲ򵥣ԭλĿǲģƩ￤Ϊ޸С
˵ָؿһۣЩٻζ
һѹͷŭԽȴ̲סݺݹ˳һۡ
⣬޸õģҲֻһ￤ˡ
ּˮŰѾΪ֮صĵطˮӽһȵأλսʿģ⹬ݽ룬ʱ⹬ִ¾η䲹
޸̴˷£֮٣д㣬Ҫ⹬¡
öɳ㹻ȨЩҶ⹬ĳ֣ȥִ֮顣
λвԸ񾡿뿪ĿɨˣЦ
յ뿪ӽ˿Ծߣֺܶ
⿴Լϯλϵ̴̺ŷˣţѴɽס
ղµòƵڣȻ̸˼⣬ֻ⹬֮óױƽ
һϵʯóȻӳá
ķһ򣬲ʯͨĺô
񣬵вһϯ޸Ȼ֮ǰĵҪ׷£ΪЧȻѡԼ˵ʲô⹬еõһϯִ֮λ
ֱҹ⹬¶дȶ˼͸۲ݡ
ҹʱ֣ڳֹ£ݣĶΪ֮
Ȼȥãһо˭⹬ִ£ڴڧ˼μܵĳΪΡ
һ漰棬ΪٸʿҲѱɷǣȻ̬²ΪԼҲСҪշ
ڶʿۣͣ׵̫ިһ񣬽˳ǵøϽɻдѶ
ߵߣ⹬ɣʹ֮λ㶨һϯ
ʹ̫ި⹬£Сɽ֮󣬶ϯ
ߴǡôЦ⣬¶Ұģ£Ҫ벮ָ̡
ʧЦỵ̈һԼǲѾ˵ĸп
ָ̲ҵ˵һָ̲ǡٺЦص
̹Ȼͬ£ȴҲ޿ɱҪ
ŮӴżڳһڵӷȴСɽڵεع˹ǡ
Ծ˵Ҳǻ¡
뿪֮󣬾ڱ޶ɽ֧ţ죬и𽻺õĵӣǻ¡
ע⵽飬̿һ˼
ͣǰŮڣ۽ǳǳϸ˶˼³ζ𽣬Щɻã
̧һ񣺡лϹģʦӻһжáܾڽ̻壬ȴѳţ볤ԭ¡
Ůֻ̾صιֵ㣬Ҿδܻסȣ㲻Ϊ˽黳
ϼѣСɽҲһ׮£ҲӦڼУҪķԼ츳
Ͻ̻塣𽹪һ
ŮӷԵ˵ͷ뼸ڳһȥ
ΪԷʶԼʱܳ
ͬ˵ЩʲôȻһתͷǡö̵Ŀ⡣
˵ҲǾʶˡ껹ھʱԽ̫ި̣дһֱ
ʮȥ˸ӺΪʲôҲûȴѾΪ̫ި粻ͬ
ʶһܾñôţк£
̼ˣϹºЦ⣺ûȤƽ̣
仰ԭء
üָĦ⵹Ǹ⡣
֮ǰͬ޸ϵ񣬻һͬʦ׽ţ˭кô
Ϊǲı


211 
ף֮, ½֮½ƿиԣ۵׸ֳһ֮⡣
Щһ˲ٲ, ȴСɽʦı°, ½ƿµ, ѲΪ˸е
Ϫ˼, Ϊ˲ˮֶ, ˺ֻ, С档Ϫ, ½֮ϴ컹ߵĵͶ£ҲΪƷˮһ
֮ǰˮ֮ս, ½ƿϾѰϪɵˣڽմ£½֮ʹҲ޸֮ǰ
¿ʼ֮½ƿ²ŷϪɼˣǵ½ʱǰ
½֮´һһȻο֮ɫСɽ⼸䣬㲢δиС
, ½ƿ·ѾԪӤڵΪʵڳ½֮ϡΪ½ƿܽ𵤱Ѿ, Ͼ, Լӵʵڲϼѡ
Сɽһ״У, ½ƿԶԶѺˣֻ˵ʤЩ
ԼȴԶʤѰʿ֪ޣΨ޲׺
Сɽལ޵УˮӯӯÿջӽĴҲȲ½ƿ£ԣʵ̫Զ˴һʹ졣
Ļӽ½ƿ¼˼ǧҹÿղΡ
ѵ½֮һޣ½ƿЩ񣬻عЩȻҵԶԶȲλʦʦ㣬ҲΨһ;
һԵĴϳڣڣԳּģʤˣҲи
½ƿһηæһ֣صƿ½ǴϽ̻壡
ŮվڴԣüĿˮīȾϸ꣬Ǵϵĵ
ϢǿʢȻԪӤ۷Ϊʿ˵Ϫ֮
ʱ½ƿµĿ⣬ЦЦɲǼѩڡ
½ƿµ̸һ㱡죬ګګʦá
½֮ʹϵο£˶һۣȴδ˵ʲô
½֮£Сɽ֮кδ㣿
СɽӸ£⹬鶨£Ǳʦɽš½ƿûԭҲûʲôġ
΢£ȴǽԴȡ
½ƿδζ⣬ͷʦ£ĵ
ԼСɽӣ̫ިЩäĿڵġ
ףǽֵΣ
½֮صԣϪһؿɻϪɣ⹬¶£ʦڵӻصϪؽɽš
½ƿЩʧ䣬ȻϪɵĵӡΪСɽӣΪʽ帱Ӧص
ƿ£ΣϪɣԶļҡǿ£ֱ֮ʱ½֮չ˺Լ
վһ˶С
ѵ˵Ļ½ƿ˫ЩɬĬصͷĿ½֮뿪
½ʦܣ
½ƿתͷֻˮӯӯ״Ӷӵ̫ިܣ
̫ި󣬴ʱ̧ĿƺҲżº֮ɫ
½ƿ¹Ц
*
ҹγǡ
ҹɫУǳغһƬѻ֦ͷᣬ˻
֮Уʮһ̧ͷǰŮȻЦ׼ҪΪˣ
ǰҹγǳ翪ʼʮһ㱻СɽҴϡСɽҲ˵˲ٺôҹγǻ÷ˮ𣬰нΪá
Ȩϣνʦͨ
ʱʮһ仰վǰ˪˹ǡ˪òֻǹ˵ȴ̲סϧ
Ҳ飬θԣϣһ𣬿ɲǰ򵥵¡
˪̧ͷϷ©¹⣬ϣһ㱡ɴ
Ӧǰżλ
̶꣬ԪӤʿΪɽٴܣ˵ģֻҲûмˡ
֪нգ˪Ц⣬ֻЦⲢ۵ףڶȻɳ֮ǰɱ
ʮһü𣺡Ϊ˶Ըϣλϧǰӣͨʵڲס
˪ûзĻֻʵǲ֣Ƕɽ۷Ҳûаʤ
۸ӣΪߵģһֻɽ۷ɣϻֻҲ˵ԼаնԸ̫ި
ǰҲûкϵΪϹǶѱڱչأֻǾδͻƣȻ䡣
ԭдЩϹԸ̫ިϧ˲һ񣬼Ѫĺ󱲣Ҳδٵһټ
̫ިǰݺ󣬱γƤڼѵشɹʶ׼ô˻ᷢ
Щ϶Ĵô̾ԺͣͬһĿ꣬зҲٹ򲻻ᵽҲûܴ
ʮһЩֵģʵ㹻档̶̼䣬ż۸񿰳Ƶĵҩ׭뱱Сɽ۱ԴʯУν˲ۺ졣
ñԸСɽԭǹСɽܴĺô
ԭҲзһʮһЦȻϧСɽֻ²λܳµġ
˪΢΢ƫͷİ벻УҪԹ֪
ܴһֻѰһҹγǳλãȱע
ǶˣΣʮһϵЦ˼⡣
˪ֳǳǳУԣ㲻ǻô
뿪ıӰʮһη࣬һǽϣӰ֮С
ϢӦѾ˳ȥ
¥ϣ̫ިƾĿɨֽ㣬־۵ס
ջĿ⣬.ֽţڿлΪɻҡ
üͷ壺ʦ㣬˷ʮϣֻɽڴʮֻʵ߲ơ
ʦֻʣ꣬±꣬Զɽ֮ʱҲռϷ硣ɫЩأ˷еŵ弸֣Сɽ⼸ٳɳΣָҲֻʦ㡣
ֻǲ֮»δȫʦֻ⹬˳ɡ
Сɽ
ɫأʦ㣬ǸúʱСɽ
̫ިϷƺƽؼ
ôҲôʦܣβ̬죬̲סʵʦ㣬ѵѲµСɽ
ڱ֮ǰ岻ᶮʲôǲöġ̫ި
ۼЩ˽⣬ܱȵù̫ިǰһͳҲǽġ
춯̫ި֮⣬˻ᣬҲһνЩ鷳
һͳ֮£ǰõȻҲܰ쵽
ھ̫ިͻƶɽٺڣֻһ֮䡣
̫ިڵȣ
꿴ƶɫнǺȻƽࡣ
ʦ£δа첻ʱ۷ʲôֻá
¶ʮģˮ㸲ڲ⹬һѡִ£β֮¡
ʱڶϷʦַ𡣴һ·򱱣ʮռ䣬Ȼָ


212 
ǰֻһƬ, ƬڰУ·֪;
ʧһĴ滳ɣԲһصǳš
ɽڵΪ, ڲκ˵Ǳ, Ҳʲôܵ¡
Ǳʱ, 㹻֤շ籩Ű֮µ, ۴Ӻδ, ¶αΪסӡ, ǳ
ѵһе涼ɺôлδ, ֲƿǳķӡǰȷǷȵϢ
Ԥ, һԶûпȥô򵥡
ʦΪסӡ֮Уǳ󱳺ҲδûΡ
ި֮ǰѶ׷׼µǵѪ󲢷ٻ֮ãط㣣ʩô󣬱ܷɡ
ѵֻ˰׷壿
ŲǳӷŮԻ߹, ǹ죬߼ڡ
ޣЩʱ, ô񲻼ù㣿Ů, 壬üĿż֮ɫ
޵Ůɫᣬصù˵, Ҫ죬ʱ뿪ʱֻûϾҡ
뿪Ҳãǰշ籩ŰλʦʦѳѣҲˡλǰ֣֪жͬŻڷ籩䡣Ů̾һ˵ݷøģǸ˯꣬ǳ󼸰ʦʦҲδܼ˼ء
еڳʦңӷѾˣҪϾʮ¥շ籩ЩҪ
ǳоʮأԴڼ֮ǳܾӵؾʮ¥ϣδǰ
ΪˣǳҲǰʮ¥
ǽǧ䣬Ԥǳֻ»ΪѾ䡣
Ů뿪ıӰԥһ˲̧ȥ
ȻллɣͲ뿪
׶ϣСıܿƣδκˡ
һϣǳҲԽԽ١
ĵôǲǵһҴǳصˣ
Ҫϵھʮ¥ʱŲһ٣һ̣Χʱǿͣ
屻קţޱߺڰ֮С
ܲͷĺڰʶ̶̼̽Ϣ֮䣬ʶ⣬ܸ֪Ҳֻޱ޼ʵİɫ
Ǻδ̲סü½䱸
׽˴ģȻǺϵΪʿ

϶º͵Ůͻأдһ˲Ծŷζ
˼Ƭ̣ڻѡѭȥ
ǵԼ˶Զڰө
࿴һ
֦Ҷÿһ綼өۣޱߺڰŮϣ͸źөͬĹâȥЩá
࿿֮ʱŷ֣ǿө°.
ŮۣĿϣṴһЦҵܾá
ƶԤϵһա
Ⲣֵ⣬Ͼǳᣬõռʦ
̧֣ȫ࣬¡
δᣬҲܲ³ݡ
ʸ£ǰʦǰǳ󣬲֪ȥΣ
м⣬ȵʧ٣ǳѲ˸ϵ
ֳһ㱯֮ɫòͬŮӣȴһ㣺Ȼ֮С
ʶսˣϢң洦Ƿ籩ŰУϵʿҲѱȫ
¼ռʦǿ֪ʦƽ񣿡
̾һȻû̽δ
ⳡշ籩ȷ⡣
̧ͷĿ⣬͸һѰ侲
ڴʿԣҪٿһշ籩¡Ỻ
ǳУдΪģΨһˣǰᣡ
ԣʲô˼
ͷ࣬ȱǳеᣬȻ֮ܳΪˡ
оɫӹᣬĬصĽ͡
Щ£˵Щ֪߳Ƭؼķǲȫġ
ǰ飬㸲һع磬ڻ֮Уܻء
ֻ֪ǳս˼˽رԴܻطȫ
ҲΪˣ֮ر˺ѵĽ޷޸ֻԷӡǿнշ籩Ű¡
ͬΪħսҪսı꣬Ծϡͬһ㡣
өǰ۳һһϹͼ
ᴹֵԣȥⷽء
ȫⷽע˥ܣƬȫع磬ܻ
鲻Ϊ֮һ˲عʲô˼ζţ˽еˡ

飬ϡῪڣƺнҪΪʵʵİɫʹ
Уʲô
࣬Ĭһ˲ŵ㽵Եɡ
仰׻
󲻾ãĸ״ŻδƿǵѰңΪɷϵ𣬽Ƕξջ䡣
֪ɷħѪɷ㽵kҪ㣬kⷽع硣
Ǻӣ˺һӲʯվԭأһƬհס
ˣǵգ͸ɱҲǡãһԼ
Ļˣ㹻ɱ
º͵ؿ࣬һλݵĳʱҲδʲôǿӵˣĴ
ο֮£֮Ըǡ
ֲԾս֪Լ˵ʲôҲ֪Լ˵ʲô
ã̧ͷٴο᣺طȫǲȫ֮Ƿܾʹ
ǳǳ̸ʼ֮ʱ֮ϣ̫ިڽʯϣˮϣͷĻڽʯϣȻ顣
˫Ŀգһһ֮䣬ƺѾΪһ塣
ͬȪӿһܣӾ뵤ϴԺԵľʹҪ˺ѡ
̫ިеĻΪԵĹ
岻ͬעѪعУµĹ伮Ҳࡣǿǰ̫ިԼ
лÿһν׶Ҫʹ಻ԶҲΪ˹ʣ̫ިǿȲŻԶʤѰʿ
ǰԻϵ۷壬¼䣬ǳ˵ʿҲâ
һδγˢ֮󣬾ʹԽ磬Ҳ
ӿ̫ިϢѾľĵز
ռ䣬ͻƶɽٺˡ̴վڸߴһĻʵ˵ĸӡ
Եŷüȷǰ㽻֮ʱͻƵĶɽڣ
ŷͷ·ҲǸӣǵʿ
оȫûƿô̴̳̾һ̲סСһȣʵڽܴ죡


213 
Ũ, ̫ިУüĿ䣬Ʒˡ
̴ߣڣҺֿһ𡣡
дżļȡ
ŷЦ̾һ̫Ҫġ
һ, بŲ䡣
ߴķ紵, Ʋк¡
, ڵлת̫ިʶչ, εԽӿĻˮԶ졣
ɽ, ǳ¥, ʶ֮, ֪С
оˮ¥ʿĬľҶ⶯ĳʶж˺֡
ʿϢ, ǿ, ֪Уǻ򰵵Ĺ㡣
ֻһͷ, ˮƷ¥, ɽΪ֮ݣ𣬽һ֮䡣
Ƿ, Ƭصķ
ʱתط
һ, ̫ިطΪһ壬ڲ֪Уⷽʵ
ĸ֪УƬӽ֮䣬ɬѶ̫֡ިʶƬɫ̶̼Ϣطֶ˼
ڷ֮УʶܿƵرǣ
̫ިƬɫľͷ޵Ŀն
ʲô
ƬնǾſľ޿ڣɲ
ʲôȱʧ
Ƭؼķǲȫġ
ǰ̫ިϵҲδطȻҲ֪طȱ
Ǻ֮˥ˣٲħʱʢԭ
࣬˽֮з޼
֮ϣ̫ި˫Ŀգɫ
Ժ͵ʶڷҡҷһ˲ջڡ
طȫǲȫ֮Ƿܾʹ
̫ި
ΧֻһƬɫΨǰөɢ⣬ȻзڵӿͷͬӿΡ
̫ިδйҵһ˲ܿʶⲢԼ
ǻ֮ʱĻб߶ͨʶ
̫ިөϵŮӣө֮У͸ͫµĲɣ
Ҳ롣
ֻǴ˽ﶼط֮£ܴѰ޲ط֮ᴹ˻䣬ǣգͼΪ˽ٵһ
ʱǴʿȻն
һ¡һһ㾡ɢˡ
ΪȫطͼͨգµķȴΪ֮ʶ
ϹŴţ֮Уǧ磬ǧС磬Ǵ˽飬֮塣֮壬һų⡣
׷ѰϢĨ֮˽ȱط
ڴˣĿִ˽ڡ
Ȼ˾ͽԪ衡
У̫ި³Ǽڶߡ
֮꣬ڴ
̧ͷֱֱᣬǸ㣬ӦǰΪ֮
ĿºЦЦص˵ò
֮걾׷ѰϢôŹһ
ڲʶΪ֮뽫ڡĨ֮ǿ󣬲ʿ
ֻǾʱĥջΪǵ֮ռ
һʿȷѪꡣ
Σ֮ʱửΪΣԼǿǳھʮ¥ϡ
֮޷ǣΪһ룬Ϊ½סûǿһ࿹⡣
Լס֮䣬Լڲһ֮ŵԱɢ
껹һ˥ȥʱ䶼ò˯
ܵԼǴշ籩Ҳʲôˡ
ֻе̤ϵھʮ¥֮ʱ֪֮ܽࡣ
˺ܾãŵȵһա
ȥУڰЩļ䡣
ұΪסܽһУȴ뷨ȱʧעܵ޾졣
֮㲻˽磬꣬Ҳڣֻkܻڴˡ
ڷȫ£Ҳ
ٶǰ֮ɳͼ˺ѽڣռ˽硣
ڲƣ֮׽ٴ˽磬һ飬ǧ֮ӿ磬Ҳ׽֮ɨ
֮Ѷ˽ʿǹС
өڰγͼֳ״
Ϣǿʿ֮Уӭ޵֮塣
ٶǰ
̫ިͬʱһ¡
ٶǰ֮СɽɽѣҲֻʣҴ档
Ҹܵǳ䡣̧ͷʹɫһ壬壬ʿһսС
֮
ިĸĸںСɽλʦǰʶõܣΪս࿴ǰͼ
֮ϣ̫ި۽޲һ˲
ǻӮˡ
˺ѵĽڵ޸֮屻ڴ˽֮⣬޷ͻƣֻѡ˱
ֻҪطδܲȫ֮Ͳռ˽Ұģ޷ӽͻƣδû취ĿϣȫȱǾڶȡرԴ֮ȡ
֮ȡ˽֪
飬ȴȻŴ˽飬ȡʲô֮岻д˱ӻ֮ġ
ȡ֮Ǵ˽飬Ӵ˾ūֻ⡣
ٶǰЩǰʦƴҲҪס֣֮г
Լû˭֪󣬺Ϊ֮ݡ
ҿѪɫӰỺڣ䣬Կ
õռʦ


214 
ĿͶ, ֪ΪΣʱ๲ʶ̫ިãԼ
κˡૣ֪ڶ˭˵
ûٶ˵ʲô, һ, оԼ岻ܿƵرԶ
һ¡
̫ިϷڰˤ, ųҹ⻪Ҫһл
ᰲȻԭ, ɫº
ΪռʦɱԼ, ¡
ʱ껹, ΪҪԼһ, ǹ˸Ҳˡ
ʱû뵽ԼʵѾˡ
ǧѹǵķĥأĨ֮, ȡ, ߳ǳ
ڼҪ˺ڿ̹Ȼ
˵Ǻп, ǹÿһ̶ڱ仯, ȴûһƵϺõĽ֡
ҵˣⷽѰһ΢ĩϣ
ֻһ΢ĩĿܣҲ, ˻ס
䣬өںڰչĩʱη׼
ޱ޼ʵĺڰ, ڰӿţʹ˽û
׹ĸоϢڵ˾ͷֻһգصǳС
ھʮ¥ϣòȫͬİ׷ŮӹУϷǺתڡ
֮ʣŮӻ̧˫оֻʣһƬ׵īɫİĪ⡣
ռĻ̧֣Ȼץ
ڵѹ˷ѹ಻ɺһͣĶҲΪ˳ٻࡣ
ձܿһƣЩǱ
ŮϿʼֳ·ӣĻٶ֡
Ҫ֮ǰɱࡣ
˴ƺѾǳӵע⣬Ųƺ˴
ɢڿУһײס·
Ȼ˼Ѫۣ֮ƤǿᣬڴڵǰվҲޡ
ʱڲظǹ֮´ɣ걻ױ¶֪¡
߻Ũƣ֮£ǺΪضΪɻҡ
ƶѻǳϷĩգɫ׵£е겻ɷŭһ
ƺ׼˺գӳ˽硣
಻ߡ
ȵʧ٣Ĩ֮շ籩
ΪӣĴ𣬲ܲ
˪֣âδ˼ƣ𣬽һǰ
׵ٴ֮ʱĽҲС
ʹ˻౻һɾƷ˪ڵ滮̶죬סΣڵأȳѪ
ϣңīɫ¥Σɣǣβ̣˫Ŀֻ֮һƬīɫ
Ϸһۣ֮ɢ
ȵ֮е˾ͽԪ衣ĨеҪǿʢ̫࣬˲Ϊ֮ļ¡
̫ި͸۾һо۵ףҲܸܵǹ˼ѹȡ
Ѿܹȷν֮壬֮
֮𵴣ڷӿ˪².棬طˣ໥
һһ£βΪʹɨг裬Ļ÷飬Ѿⷽʱ
ǳһսл̮һζҲʼб̳һƬҡ
ڱ֮ʣīþʹࡣ
Ҫ͸֮ʱ˺֮ȥ
֮ϣ̫ިȻۣܵڳӯǽ
Ѿ˳ɽٺڵĽҪͷԱǿж˻С
࡭
֣һ˲ս
ڵ
ǳǧǶɽʿҲһִＫ֮ء
֮ǳɽٺڡ

ܵڻ̫ިٴת
һ࣬ĻʯĽȴһαһθӿ
ѻɫĳڷɢڽʯ·Ů
̧һɲǺС
̫ިнӡںƵºȻ飬漴ޱ޼ʵӿڡ
ûͣע뾭ڵзתΪ
ҪͻƶɽٺڡŷЩʧ񣬴̫ިɽٺڵıϵڣҲҡ
ʶһ㣬ŷį˰࣬Ҳδ˳ɽٺڵıϡ
ҴԼˡ̾˿ЦЩȻ
̴Բذһۣеҵϣָɣ
ͿɱŷҪϽǧ꣬ŷֻܿЦ
̴̻ô꣬ʱҲۡ
ɽٵڣһꣿ
ͣһ˲̫ިˮˣǽûˮУɽٺڵѹȻڽˮϷ
̫ިͻ˶ɽٺڣ͵͵ĸ̾ڴ˿ɢС
̴̺ŷ֪ǰԶ֮ʱǺϵ۷Ϊ
Զ̫ިԣбˮ֮¡οڤý⣬ʻָиһǧ
ǰתΪӣƽӹ޶ܵһ̫꣬ިųΪʿ֮ɫ
ɽٺڵѹɢ˱ó࣬ʱ˿̴̣̺ŷ֣̫ިѹڰڡ
ǻԭҪ붯ɽٴܲ£СɽȱʯΪСɽżʦ㣬̫ިҲȱʯ
ھͽԼͻƶɽٺڵ¹ڡ
ۣʵڲʧ


215 
ڵϢΪ̫ި, ̴̲סݣ񣬾, Լûжһ֮С
Ҫ˵ɱ
ɣϻԼǻ֮Ī, 뿪ʱ, ǵʱˮͨʱܵ, Ҳ㸲졣ŷ̾һ䡣
ˮŰ޵㸲һ, , ȷһøˡ̴̻ǧ, ֪
ȨƸʤˮ׷Ҳǵˡ
Ȼ˳ͻƶɽٺڣ˷ϷҪ޹ˡϢŷɵ
ֹ޹̴Цһ, ֻ²ŹѪ, ûˡ
֪գСɽʱ, ͸һ֮, ѳɣʱֱ֣ϸŰ͸˴򡣡
ֲԼ, ̴ȫȻ⿴Ϸġ
ܾϺҲÿÿҡŷ, ӽ󣬱򽫻һ档
ҲδǼ¡̴̴·Цڣ٣ѷǵС
ã̫ިվˮĻŽʯ飬ȹȴմʪһǡ
̴ŷܣգлλ
ϣҲǻشѾʧɽ֮ϡ
̴üȥƺмҪ졣
µò
̫ިγˮڣȻˮѾ𣬵ϰߣ˴ˮ
ǰղڶʿڴٿڶ£Զ⹬³̡öãˮķϱὨ⹬
ҲζţڶȻѡס
֮У̫ިпڸʲôֻ˴еͷ
֮մ̣˳¡Ҳûвˣģֻһ￤޸̡
￤ˮ󲢲ԶҲδһ㣬ʿ䣬Դѹһյˡ
յȻһ棬ûѡ
ɽΪȻԵ⹬ʹλãһִµϯλٲˡ
̺ٶ˳˸ʹ֮λڵʹڸĺѡ˲һɢޡϾҲкôˡ
ʹ֮λһģ֮󣬲δԼֻȫͬ
꿴һ౨ſϣһݵ㴦òˣͿ׼̻Сɽ
뿪Сɽ£Ҳôãʵںʱضi١
оСҲ̫ȶˡ꿴öδiԹ
ҧҪ𣡡
Դ̴̿ССɽһ״Ӷĳƺʦֻʦܣĳ
˵ʵΪ˸еˣϾûšΪһԵʣһֱͼΪԼɿȻҲûгЧ
һյ裬˳ϡ
лʦáлһ裬ƣɢȥࡣ
ʦùȻơ
𽶯¥Ŀ⣬ָζԶ
ϼûô
˵Ϊ¥Ҳһյ衣
ԭҲҪһյ裬¥ƵĿ⣬ջǾԼ
¥ִյһڣ̬ɢ
½ʦܣҪô˳Ե½ƿһ䡣
½ƿСΪԼıϵϽ룬̧ͷлʦ֡
⽣ҲûʲôİɣЩ֡
½ƿ¶΢΢죺ʦüҽĥ֡
ޱ飬Ȼ̫ȥˡ
һĻҡͷȻζ
ˮʮ߻ԭΣֻۻҡչһһطƣҪƬС
ˮ㼯ʿһ࣬طҲֻ࣬üһСɽ״ʱһ֮С
ӯӯأȻʶ˭
СĲѻصȥѰݽսˡ
ˮӯӯİã˱ԣ˱ԡǿᣬڽʽֶйĿ֮ܣʵսԣʵЧķʽ
Ѻ½ƿ¾ܾһͬκˮӯӯһڲݽޡ
˵Ѿòݽ֮ɫĵزʿĽһЩ˵Щˮӯӯ
ǽޣں޲ܶߡ
˵䣬ڴһ죬˿һۣǼֲ֡ϾôգҲϰˡ
ը¯ǳ£黹ϲһЩ䷽Źֵĵҩ
ҽּңڶһȤ֮ǰʯˮӯӯˮʮ߽ܵĶҺҲΪԵʣŻݫiµöڤ
̫ިڴʱͻأڵУԭæԵСɽ״̧ͷֳһɫʦ㣿
ǰ½̫֮ިʱ뿪׼ɽٺڵıϡ
ŲգʦѾ˳ͻˣ̫ިϣҲ֡
̫ިûнͣ꣬Ѷ¥ƴۣ̽ʽǳΣ
¥鱨ͨڱҲжദݵ㣬֯һƬСɽΪעⱱ¥ʧһ£Ҳյ¥Ѷʱ֪̫ިġ
٣˾֮飬ʱ̫ިǳʱ㽫ϵ
ѵʦ֡
ҲʶҪվ̧̫ިһ֣صǡ
ǳϢñ̫ިԤƵĸ졣
պ󣬳Ե첽Ǵδйء
˲Լͬؿ̫ި̧Ŀ
Ҳûˣ̫ިһٷɿʦ㣬¥Ѷǰڵӣ˪Ǳǳ󣬴ɱǳᣬ䣬еΪ
ʲôɫ
ɽپѹһȻϯУ˲ɺһͣȻ̶̼Ϣ㽫ѹ𣬵˳һ亹
̫ިϲʲô飬ϲܿй¶ѹѾ㹻֤ࡣ
üѵһʧ֮йأ
½ƿҡͷͬ²⣺ʧǳйأʦҲǻɱ޹ˣ
˪ִѣЩ꣬رųɾͷ˪֮
Щǳڴ˽Ҵ棬˵ʦҪɱᣬΪһԤԡ
֮ǰԤԡ
ߵ
ǳԣԤ
õռʦԤԣһûӦ顣ǲ̶̼գѾٴ
ѶһۣȻ˵ԭ֮¡
ԤԵģᡣ̫ިڣ侲ʱ򣬾ʧûκô
ĿУȼã๲пһС
ʦʦֻбж֮һַʲô
̮ǳУʲô


216 
Сɽһ״, 䲻жʶ̫ި
ʦԣǶȻд
СɽɽŵΪСһǸ̫ި, һߵڡ
ǻ, ȴŴʦ㡣
ڻбжǰ, ǰȻȥԼǣǻνԤ, ǳǳҴӿСǰϵ侲ָһ㡣
ôʦΪʲôˮӯӯ̫ס
, ҲûЦ⣺ȻжΪ֮, ǳгǰ, δûΪ֮֮ˡ
ͷͬ뷨һҲԽɢԤԵĿġʦǱǰ֪࣬ȡˡ
û, ʿỳ, ʦΪ˸ԼѰĽڡء
һʱĬձЩͳ
¥üʦ, , ֮֮ǰѰʿ޲кϵΪδܿ쳣Ĳ²Ӧд
, ˶٣ǣ֮Ϊˣ
Ҳж֮, ֻһ򵥵ȷǷϡռǣú޺ۼǡ
̫ިǰīɫ˫Ŀ¥˵òռǵ֮꣬ҲԾ޷ζȡĺۼ˾ͽԪȴȻϳ
ֻƣûϾȥ̽¡
ԥһ˲ǿڵʦ㣬·Ȼڳ»ϣձҪ
ζţ̫ިҪϸСɽȻϹ֧֮
𽲻ɵĵؿ̫ިһۣʦδһսڼʦ޷ǰȥѰҡ
̫ިڻáֻҪް֤໹úûš
ǳµλ⣬һڵӣʮҲΪ˻ɲ¼ɡ
񾳽磬ɱ˲ࡣ
̫ިվټСɽӣ̻ط򡣡
֮ԭͼ֮Ѿûˡ
Ȼˣǰһ㣬ǷΪֹ
˷׷վ̫ިһǣ
СɽķԻʱ̫ިѾ˲ݱ߾Զɽʿľ磬˺ջصٶȣȷҪ̫࣬δСɽͬС
߿շХذȹڷ죬ת˲ɽӱ任֮⡣
ʱϰѾڳ»ϣʽǩԼ󣬴
̶գڶȻ±⣬һ
Ҳ˹ʣȻշڴϹСɽϢ󲻾ãǰСɽó׵Ʋԣ׷ѡ·
ôһսһʤҲ󡣵ʱƣض꼰㡣
ҲΪԵʣѲһձһܡ
лֲ֮̿ǰԨ޾ѾصҲֻǿס棬ɢ
򵫷еŵвԶֻǶɽٴʮҲһ֮˶ܡ
ͷѡĲ
ˣڶӣҪˣŮüͷڣ
Ԩ޾ΪΣϲֻ̫Ҫδְ뿪ǡ
Ůֹδ̫Щ£ӣض촦³
Ԩ޾ǿ˼ܺ޿ɺǡ
ûоʹ˶˵ʲôתʵԮлţ
ԣŮü¶εŭɫ»ţֻΪط죬Գǰҿз⣬ɽۻ
嶼֪Сɽĸڿڶ౱ڰд˹ʶ
Ҳʲôֵֵ£ڱĵطϸλģǽթԨ޾һʼЧ̫ިģǼࡣ
ˣܡŮԥſڣѾж̫ިܷסҲûġ
Ԩ޾̧ͷĺˮҹԳγ֮ɫ
֮ǰһƬˮˡ
Ԩ޾ص£δʧ֡
ЩΪܵ£ϣѰ
գ˾ִҹʽɺ
ȲҪϷСɽ
겻ɢĻ֪ʱѾϡ࣬ĿԶؾͷ
ǰǰϡһֻڵ
˭֪Ժ󣬱ϡ֮
СɽϹף֣˲٣֮ȷָ
㾹⣿ǣֻҪСɽףҲãʯҲã㶼ҵȵˣ
.⼸Сɽ۱ʯҲʱֻˣ
һ壬ҲҪ֪Ϊ֮ء
˵У¥ƿˮʻ
˾֮ںѲصķױ㱻ֻܲϺ󳷡̶̼գȻǻ
ǰףˡһֻɽٳڵվԣЦ
߽У֣ɳڵƤûо
ȥò֮ȴ˸СϾ֮ڣһʱҲһֻжɽ۷ΪĴ
ҲΪߣ˴ιСɽΪ
ȻˣҲ˷ʱ䣬԰¶ְɡڣƺȴû˭ܽĻ¡
ɽٴһۣͷ󣬸óͳ٣ҲŶ˾֡
а档
Щ飬Ը棬Ǿڹʱ˳ֽһԼͬˡ
άϵͬˣȻʲôꡣЩǰЩ֮ܲǰͶԷòɿ
ģ֪صġڵӦ̬ȻңôûȻʾԡ
Ҳûж˵ʲôߣЩɽٴҲʹ¡
˷Ϊñڶϣʵڷ˲Ѫ
̧ͷ棬𺡣
ܶɽ٣ɳȥһأ˵ҪһΪ
¥ϵȺº棬Ӱȥ
ڶɽʿδֵ£һιƱ˳⡣ϲˮ屾һϣռ˵ϳ걸ҪǱ㲢ô򵥵¡
ڼʱֺмʧġ
жɽԳ֣ǵķȻ֧ȥӴ󷨷һ֮ơ
ʯлΪ촷ۣҲֻٶ˼˲ѡ
Ԩ޾ȻΪԭΣ廤ס·ǡǿᣬ֮Ҳǿɽʿ࿹ˡ
īɫϽγ˿ڣѪӿ뺣ˮת˲·ڲظΪ⣬һ̣յľҲһɾƷ
β϶һ޴˿ڣѪӿ£Ϊɲ
ˣ
дԨ޾ûзӦƯںˮУʧʶ
Цһǲм飬Ҳ뱾֣ҲֻĴŻһΪ
ĬʵĺˮУ콫Ŵ򿪣ձ̫ިڴˣҲסǣ
֮ʱȻ˱㣬˲䣬⡣


217 
֮, ϷȻ㣬ɿӿ
¥֮еע⵽һĻʧеô£
¥˺棬漴, ϴ, ڴͷת۱㱻, ֵϡ
±ͼ⣬ȴ, ֻɺ
ˣ¥ϴ̽к, ˣ
ͻıʴ˸ֲ, ·һƬҡ
ϻˣ
ʵ, ֻģҲֻ
޷ڻ¥ͼȥӵٶԶԤϡ̶̼Ϣ֮䣬¥Ѿ·һ, չ, Ŀ⡣
ʿҪӹѣʱն, ·, вΪеս
ڣ
ⰵӿԭƽĺˮһһ˳, ԭĽٴ⡣
ˮѹԽԽ󣬼ҪЩ, ˮ֮ԭء
ͻУɽٴһۣδʿΣǿƿˮγϷ
ں֣ʲô⡣
Ϊ׵ĶɽʿܣѰŶȻֵǵϢżּɵ
ΣԺڿգֺצÿһöƬ·˸űâͣڿУ̫ިһףڷ£ĮȻ
𡪡
ͷ
̧ǰڶɽ٣̫ިֻһƬ˪ѩ֮ɫûκζ
λʱӦδ֪𡣡ƽɽһڶ壬Ҳ·硣
壬кʸ֮һλЦϢЦ˵ǲΪȻ֮ͫУȴż˲ײĽ䱸
ܻɽٵĴ񣬵ǳͷβĴ
̧ʾ󣬴˷ǰڶɽٴ붯֣ʱͬЯ̫֮ިϮ˸̺رɫ
̫ިûж΢΢̧ǰչ
Բͬײ֮ʱҲʼ飬ת̫ިһɿ޸
䱻紵ģϣһ֮Կɽ٣Ҳδв֮
Ȼ֣̫ިȻҲڶͬһʱֳƣ˲Ϣ֮ըѿ
Ⲣһ󷨣оͨ󷨣Ϊ㹻ʿڴˣԼܿЩƣǧ󷨵Ӷɡ
ǧ߽ͬʱƣǶɽٳڵĴҲжƿ۶ɽµ塣
ԭʱܿපӹһ٣ҽУѪӿˤһս֮
ŭΪԭΣӴƿնţŶҺ
̫ިȥ£ηײڵߡ
߲һƬ̼Ȼ˲ٻغϡ
꣬лߵѪһͬںıϡȱ֮ʹ˵Իָ
֮£ߵ״Ҫ࣬ΣϾѪ֮β鿪ӴڱһĻۣ۵䣬ӽߴ紦һ׹ǵ˿ڡ
ţͫھ塣
ӭϱ֮ʱβĿȸ߻һߣ磬Ӳ̫ި
ͬʱһֻƤëѩ׵׻Ҳƶצ׵˸˽
õĠ˫ⳤУв֮ԱϮ
ʣٶȲߵĶɽٴҲԭٴγ֣֮УѪ壬Ϊԭ֮ʱսǿ
Ψжɽ۷δΪԭΣϹʵĻþ
̫ިܿϮĠޣȸĳѾǰ棬С̧ץסȸʵĳһѪӿ׹£Хʡ
̫ި֣ӭ޴צײķ˽Ʋ˺һƬҡ
ǿɽڵ׻ȴȫ̫ިǰռһˣǲš
̫ިڠޱϣһһʱֻϷΡΡɽ£Լϡ
ڱҳ޴ĿӶľ죬鲻Խֳη塣ǶɽٺڵĴȴ̲סηһɽڵ壡
̫ިԡѪжڲͬģѪָ⻬䣬̧ͷһĨ컬գΪ˼ұ֮ɫ
ɽٺڵϢйڷУԭǰͺ̶ֵĿ⣬Ȼֹס˵
Ƕɽڣһϸգ쳣̶Ѿͻƶɽٺˣ
Ѿɽٺˣ
仰ʮɽٳɽڵĴʱս⣬ȿֺȥ
ɽٵڣҲŶ̶һ࣡
壬ٶҲ࣬㣬Ҳδ̫̬Щ
վסȺԹѣɫƺҪγˮǶɽٺڣкοɾ壡
ϧ⻰ڣҲδʲôá
ڶ౱ĵ˷ԶǱЩô޴㽫ϡ
ڶɽ֮ʱܿɽٺڵˮѾɽٺڣ֮ͬڣֻ¶ʤ
֮⣬жɽٺΪĴ壬лѾһϢߺͿȸ
ɽٴɽٺڶ֣кʸ֣
ˣԳֽ𣡡де
£Ӧ


218 
һƬӦ, ɫԽѿ˽ⱱıԣΣǲŭӿ
ˣʱҪǶԸ, һʶ
̧ͷ, ̫ިĿ, ƤһƬأһ, ǽͻС磬˶ɽٺڵΪвΪ֮Ũغ⡣
ٶ, ͻƶɽ۷Ҳ̫ʱ, Ƿɳ, δ֣㵱Ҫһˣ
Ųεɱ⣬գΣҪ嵱նɱ
ݵ˳Хһ, Ϊԭ, βߣͷ˫Ф, к, ƬΪ泤
ɵװףľƣ侹Ȼγ¥̨ǹ״
Хһ, Ϸγ޾׾ҲƷУֳò, һ̫ިϮ
ˮײƱ棬γһһУסޡ
׾֮Уþ̫ިĶȴһֱֳ˿ܵ͡ڰΣƬ̡
ѵԾȻ͵˵زȫΪþԻ󣿣̫ިļɵ˼֣˴ʱѾȫ֮ġ
νľ绮֣ȫʵԽ׶սʿǳڴ˵֮ˡ
ж˼۳ɵޱ˫Ŀ˶˼ԣצϮ֮ʱǴŶɽپơ
ɽ۷Ĵ֮ɣϻѶԸ̫ިҲֻǶɽڵΪ
ǽҪ֮ʱŸϻر̫ިʱ䣬ڱִ֮ǰ
֮Գٳûг֣Ԩ޾ǣҪЩ׼
ԣ̫ިҪʤɽ۷£̵ʱȶ±棬Ҫʤ뽫¡
ˣµԶ
ǰ̫ިôȻ֪ܵı²СҲƾ㹻˽⣬ǲ֮¡
ϣ̫ިΧ֮УγɵƺƵããԿΡ
ǰɽٴȻķ˲Զɽ۷ԳҲ֡
ռϷƣڼ飬׷ȥ
ˮ΢漴ֻ֮ʱ·ȻΣͷһĻһֱΣлͷ
Ҳһ̣ԭ֪Уе̫ިȻʧӰƬûԥɿӴܡ
̫ިȻϷָ֣ڿл·ģһƱ棬֮С
Ĺɳ֪ĴС·ղԿµķ֮˿˿ƵħѰ϶ɿӿȥ
ħ˲䴩͸壬һѪըȾ˺ˮʹ˻ڶ岻
ħʴԭõѪ⼸̱ʴȥΪɲ
Ϊλħħ岻ں֮ʱѾôѪ˫Ŀš
̫ިףǾħ֮Ҫ¡
ΪʲôҪսѡԵʡ
ںˮе崫ʹǿתֿħϮ⿴̫ިԼʱҲܵҲʣ
̫ިָ΢ѪȻüģȴǻƬѪ
ڱЩ̫ިϵҳϡ
ۿƶȻתдһȻ仰ǲȻħ֮𾿾ʲô
Ҳض˵ʲôûṥ֮£ͬӴܡ
֣СɽȫȻʱ˿̣ҪУҲ֪ʲô³
Ȼˣ㲻ؼߡ̫ިڣдųǺ⡣
ڶһ漴⺣ˮƱؿˮУǣħ嶼С
һֻɽٳڵĴܲ˵ײȥȴƻأѪڣ͵һѪ
Ⱥ£͸ķħӳ£δˡ
˪׹üģ̫ި·ڶ壬вκӡ֮ʱĪ˼ָԡ
½ħ֮һսҲľڸ˪׹ۼҲ
𡭡
ʱ̫ިڶڱռһϯ֮أݺĴֱ֮С
Ҳû뵽ǰһԼΪ׾Ƭ򣬽վӭһܣΪ˽
̫ިû˿ӸɺԵľڣʹȴδֳ˿ɫ
һƬţЩ̫ިסĴһ֮ôԸ׳Ƴ
Ѻۣһ󣬺ˮţ̫ިܣѱ쳣
˵ü˪׹漴ֽĿϣϸüۡ
ͫããȿڣ˺ϵţԸ
ǿߴ׵ҢɽߣԸΪ
ڳôҲû뵽һ̫ިͷĻûмǴӦµģҲ
һۣʧ˰ΪεĿȸҲڵֿȸԸ𣡡
ֻɽٺڵͷΪ粢Ķɽٴ뷨Ҳֻ̫ިǰͷ
ҵȣԸΪ


219 
ۿűڶ̫ިͷƳ, ŹעϷεмֲš
Ӯˣ
ʮɽٴ֡ˣҲʤˣ
˴˶ӣ嶼˶Էлɣ붼Ľ
Щѡ, δӵ, ʵһսҲûʲôġ
˭, ̫ިһˣʮΪڶɽ֮ϵĴ, ûʤġ
뵽õĽ֮ܽס, ̸, ҪóԴ, ֻҪܱסǣҲֵõġ
ڱֻǣǲΪߵҲõΪλһʱϲŭͶڰԾǿʳ֮, άһ
ǰϡ, Ԩ޾ӲһȡΪ, Ը
̫ިĳ, һֿܡ
̶̼꣬ѾΪ԰ԵΣ֮ʱ, ֪ûʤ㣬Ҳѡ
˭Ҳû뵽̫ިס, ԶһͿأֻ׳Ƴ
ڶݵĳĬ֮бһϲĸߺԡѪƺϳصƣ¶вЦ⡣
һʱ䣬ǳض˿ϲ֮С
Ԩ޾ȻΣ˿ѪעڷµҩŵԺת֡صƣһʱ̱㾡ȬɫЩҰܡ
ڻ֮ʱһΪŮӳһڷ
ʤˣǱסˣ¶ݴϲɫ
һ̣ŮԼĿţڶɽٴѾϸ׳ƳӴ˱֮У˭ܾ֮ϣ
һͳ򡪡
ãϱĽΪ֮ڽ֮ǰ˭뵽һ壬Ȼ˵ز
ˣԤϵһУãŮƽ飬ڣΪĳЩ˻ơ
Ԩ޾̧ͷ֮ϣ̫ިն߸ϵظһСȻɱδˣȫȻֱӡ
۵ֳЦ⣺ֻ
Ԩ޾ۼ֤СɽҲۿ̫ިĬĬŵѰʿһΪСɽŴʦ㣬Ϊ
񻹼ǵãСɽΣʱ̫ި˵Ҫ
⻰ڱ忴ʵ̫ýЩûдһڵ嵱£ʱ̫ި˽Ҳδ̫
Ǹѡ
ЩδԭҲ򵥡
ϡԴѷСɽֵиƣЩԣܽнСɽʵǿӲͷĴƱزС
һջȻȣǱ㲻ô˻˵ĽЩ̣ϷԴһƺԴҲСɽǿࡣ
ʱ򣬱ڶȻ뵽ѾԼܹɱ̫ިĻᡣ
ǵӽĵ̣ҪϹ̫ިһԶѿȫҡ
Ԩ޾뵽Ҳ̲ס𼸷Ц⡣
Ůӹе
Ԩ޾ҡҡͷʾԼ޷תԸҪ¡
սѶӦ۹͡
սڿսس壬ԹʹС͸ʹͣڴΣ֮δߣǼᣬΪǵһ񡭡
ԭд˴㣬ԲǿЩ뿪壬ŮӻȻ
Ԩ޾һȻǡ
Ԩ޾ֺԥƬ̣Ůӻ̲סʵˣأ
Ϊ̫ި
ԼΪɽ֮һ̶ˮ
ֵ׷棬Ҳκ嶼ˡ
պ¥ͣߣʱҫʱڶձⶳı忴ȥЩ޾ɡ
Լ׷׳ƳûʸٷʲôζԴЩЩΪ㷲
ھδʱ򣬷Ѱ
ͬʱڶ౻̫ިıòСɽɽ塣
̫ިڣڷȥߵȴѾչˡʣµ£Ȼ˽֡
һˣ̫ި󣬻Сɽ
ʱ˵ɽٴǰСɽ¥Ѿ˵ӣ̽ĿУ۲ڶ
ϵҢɽߴˣеµ
ºĳҲڣ
ֵĿȸ

Ȼ⣬ɽٴϵϢǺױСɽӽǺʹ˵еϺš
ʱ˿̣вٵӰ¼Ӱ񣬱򼸺еĶɽٴˣĳʵֵü
Ƕɽٴ૿ڣ̾š
Ҳû뵽гһܵôΪ磬ݼɽٴʸûС
ɽٴôʦ°ܽŮ˦öģʦ㣡
ЩͽСɽ㸲δǱţŮȻ
˵ϣǺСɽ󣬲в忪ʼ룬СɽҲĸ
ƽСɽҲ֮
岻ͬЩСɽԴģΣ֮ʱȴѡ
δǲǰȥ׽ãֻǽǵִСɽ¼ϻȥҲҲûʸСɽ
οǣиСɽѡ£ɽŹ
ʱŰȺֳºЦ⣬Сɽн𣬱Щдȥ
ǰСɽԺĶɽٴһƬѹЩԭι󣬴ʱ㶼Σлвȱ첲ȡǿᣬοжɽΪƾʱҲˡ
ֻڶ࿴һĿ⣬Ǹ߸ϵڶɽٴвŭϧû˿ܶõֻǿŭ
ܶҲûеӶСɽӶ֣̫ިڵڶʱҲûдŭ
ͼƽ̫ިԼµĽƣȴȫ֮ɫ
һߣѹʵΪʲôͻȻͶϣ
ѵԤı
Цһθɡ
ֻĹϵãȻָ߶ֻ޵ʲô̬ȡ
ûǵۣСɽвϴi⣬Сɽ̳öսգ۱ˢظСɽ˿֮С
˭֪һսʤζʲô̫ި֮ʱעΪˡ
СɽŴʦ㣬ǱˣСɽβΪ֮衣
ٲصģСɽڱݡ
Ըʦǧ
֪˭Ƚôһ䣬СɽĻɫڰϸ߿գеӶԸʦǧ


220 
ҹγ, ڹ߻谵ʮһĿ̬ȺǰȻ
֪˶ã΢ĽŲ, Ƶĵ, ԵúǷ
ʮһﻺ, ʱգٴο˪
ü, վԼǰ˪ԼǺܲһ˵ġ
˪ֵһ̣, ʮһҲµ˱ϹĽ
˪ûз, ̾һȷˡ
ϧò
ʤ, ɱʮһҪͻȥ
Լ֪ǰϣһ֮ʮɽ˪ЩЦ, , ף֮, 
˪ֹ䲢, θ鷳ĴڣϾ˿Ѻʮһ, ҹγû
һսĽ·һڱը죬֣Ȼһ壿ʵδڳš
ԸԸ, ʵˣǵ־ı䡣
ڷĻȻҲյϢ·ͫһ˲ɲǼָ糣
Ȼ첻ֱӳؾԮȻο˽µȷȴɹʶʤ֮ΪӲ㡣
ڻΪҪԭҲټ򵥲Ͻƣˡ
һȱҰģˣҲݣϷһλá
ֻһΣıȴˡ
ŭ⣬һǿѹлָ
ԼģǰСɽλ
²̫ިôԼ뱱ԸһѡӵеһС
պ󣬾֮У̫ިۣԴ©룬ͣפԡ
⼸գ㹻ƻָ롣
㾳ߵѾ̫ިѪ䣬ҲסΪʣҲ뾡ָʵ
һӳڴֽϣŮڣʦ㣬컨ǰݼڽߵ
˴ʱڹ;ղִܵ棬ϾٶȺУҲࡣ
ھǲڣСɽĴ£ҲѾԶһ档
ᡣ̫ިڣƽò˿
ŮӦǣûжԣȥ
أ̬ع·żСɽӴӴ˾ͶȥĿ⡣
˭ͲŮ£Ŀǵبϵ˺ۣвϧ
ص˵Ƿǰһ¡
СɽӶ֪̫ިնɱ֮ѹ˳Ҳ̫ި´죬ֻһ֮¡
СɽҲ֪ǰΪ£ȴӦԮزо뱳졣
ֲԭʦŮȻзɿȥͬ顣
ʦʵǿᣬһ˰ڶ˵ѾͱڶһϷСɽ
̹ȻŶߴۣɫģȻѡ񣬱ӦеѡĴۡ
ο̧ǰڣ˫ҲΡ٣ǵһĻᡣ
ϼ⽫ƲȾһͳʺҹɫСɽ
һ֦ϣ롣
ɫˮ֮ϣڣ̫ި˫Ŀա
ΧһƬ׵ĺڰһ˲㱣ʱŨԹͬ˳һ㷭ӿʶû
̫ިʶܿƵرԹؼָδʧУʼձһ
ǡ
̫ިʶ
ˣڡ
̫ިѲƶĶԹʶΪ㣬ɿڰȥ
ضԹУ˫Ŀ̫֮ިһμʱƺѾࡣ
̫ިϵķӡطӡ²һ
ǳ̮֮󣬾ַʲôϷӡƿ
ʧȥӡǿҲζţΪصɷӰ졣ıܣɱ¾
࣡
޾ͬڵĺһ㣬ϯ̫ިȥ·
ΪΣ̫ިȫ⣬һ㽫ɫ˺ƣǰ
οȥЩã̫ި֣౧סͷ֣޾ĶҪԨ
Ҳһ˲Ŀâ𣬽ڰ
̫ިʶٴλ㣬һ̧ۣͷ
࣬ѹ
ڽ
ǶҪˡ
ף˵ĺۣɺ˫Ŀһ˿ȥ
ͬһʱ̣ǧ֮⣬̫ިҲѹͷԺ͵ĺۣս֡
㲻µġ
˪࣬ôµνˡ
̫ި
ڻ¹ĵգʣʮδȺϵСɽ
ΪߵУ֮л˭֮⣿
㹻£嶼ʶʱ񲻹Ľɫ̫ިԸ򼫱֮ظ
ͬʱһսĽʮݵʿĿ۽ڱ򣬵һٶ
˶ӽ󣬱ľƱҪ׸ˡ
ı仯ҲעʮطͬӰ죬棬ɲǲġ
̫ިԾƿţʱֵϡ
ʦ㣬һʮߴ֮Ȼ
̫ިû˵ڳУǶһɫ
̧ס


221 
̧ͷ, Ůһ£ȹɴǸ겻˪ѩ
̫ިĿ, ̧˫, ߵ, ǰ棺컨£ǰ
̫ި, ӸµؿĿ䵭
ѹϷ, µһ˲, ޷һϸ䡣
ɽٺڡ⼸, ӵ˵
ܺǰֵش˴СɽֱͦĿǰδֺİУµĺڸߴĵʼղ, ŴԭĿ־塣
, ¼Щάֲס֮ʱ̫ިڿ, ϵĳţ𲻽Ұġ
üס, ̽ߵĻᣬֻһΡ
䣬ֻһǿԼ, Ϣ㶸Ȼ̫ިΪӶ۷ڡ
ڶʿԣС磬ϰĿޡ
вֳ˿ɫ, ֻǱС磬ǶԼѾˡ
£Ͻ̻塣ٴθף̬
̫ިûж˵˼ףֱȥվǸողʧΪЩͣûԥ̫ިĽŲ
ͬʱУ̫ިסڶɽٴԼϰٶѾڵ
Сһĳ棬С
һ֮ڳҲн飬졢û˵ڰüš
Ԩ޾λ׵һϯɫȴ忴ȥá֣صƣ⼸ҲѾָ˴롣
ʱζߣԨ޾֮أҲ̸Ĵ㡣
һԱʱƤһǻ֮ȥ֮ɫ˭ó鲻á
˭Ѫ䣬һ֮䣬ҲѾøˡ
ɽٴɫҲǲôÿ˷£ԼƱҪΪһ¸ۡ
飬֪Ҫó棬⣿
ѲܣȷСһʮߴѾڴ˴òiĿȸгء
ΪԴλ⣿
ӭϣʱڵʮؿڣ
ڱͰ仰ȻǶʱĿ⾡Ͷڡ
ȹΣ̫ިŻ£ڡ
̫ިúܺãһ˭Ҳ޷ϣֻվκ׸Σ֮ɫ
ʱ˿̣ڣûעɫɽٺڵѹ嶼ܵǹԽԽصѹ
Ԩ޾վ̫ިг֮񣺡Ǿ޾ϡ
ڳԸǲԸʱҲֻ̫ި£еҵȼϣ
̫ިĿע£Խ壬ֱλȥ
һ塭Ĳ鸴ӣǣҲҪǰ׳Ƴ
һսǰ˭뵽ϾȻƾһ֮ͬʱԿʮɽٴ
̫ިλ϶¿֮ʱ±Ѿע
ҲٶϻԨ޾䣬ڶϱֳѲõĺЭ
طΪ֤ڵѪΪ֤Υ飬ܷɡ
ڿ֮ȴǲΪ֮ɫ
鱩Ķɽİ𣬿кʵʲô˼ҵȻӦΪ㾹Ҫôߣ
ڱԸ̫ިһΪѾǾ޴òΪ˸һսʧ򵥣Ҳÿ㹻ԴˣôҲˡ
ȻЩ⣬̫ިҪģǽΪ¡Ҳ˵޻ضεΣΪУЩдΪȨ
Ҫһͳ
ôҲûһͳҰδҲ̫ˣԺ뻮ͷ
ǵȻͬ⡣
ʳ֮ʱ֧֮Ϊ˶ɽٵزжԸ¡
ڶʱ̫࣬ިδֳɫֻǵһ㿪ڣǻʸּۻۡ
ѹ£ֱԭأֻƾ֮⡣
̶̼Ϣ˫ϥھ޴ѹ»һ죬ĸߴع˵ϡ
ŭؿ̫ިһδüڣӭϮ
ʱɶҲһ̣ϵϢҲʼ䣬Ӷɽٵ䵽飬ٵڵ棬̫ިѹٴ£ǱصڵϣȫȻ
ڶʱ
ڳһĻٴʵϣǡ
̫ިˣ񲻹ǻСɽԼѾ棬Դ˵ֶδûʴȶ֡
ǾԼڣЩ̫ިеŻּۻ۵뷨
̫ިȻء
ǰǵϡ꣬϶Ѿ㹻ݣ٣һΣûڶѪ䡣
ã̫ިЦЦɫУڶڻǵͷ
¥أ¶ʮʮһͳ
ĩ֮ʱɽٴΪ̫ܣСɽԽգһʮߴСɽ̫Ϊ֮
ͬ£ԡߵʮݣ̫ϻԴΪڣδûӦ
ãǳЯԽҴ֮ǰѰ̫ϻӻǳǰ۶̳ħ֮¡


222 
û뵽, صСɽĵһ죬Լͱûˡ
Ȼ̫ި£ջضΣ֮±㲻ٸ, һʮߴԴ౨͵Сɽ, Ԩ޾æòɿ, Գһͱץ׳æ
ҲûкõȥΪһ֮, ˷뿪ãȻѻ˲Ҫá
һ, ̴̺ŷ
Ϊɽٴ, ɽеĵλ, ȥδ뷨ǡòݵѾҲҪ죬˱㲻ŻطݣСɽһ˱档
̴һöiʶ̽, ȤⶫЩ˼
ŷͷԴн, ʡȴ๦򡣡
̴̴㱩iæֹ, i˲ĺ, ҪǲҲδָܻ
̴ֻźס֣, 棬iʲô˼ģ
Сɽ̳ﲻֲôѵûҵ
û˵, ̴̺ЦһۣϽڵؽiĻͶӳڰգΪԼϸ
ĽµiѾͶӳݡ
һԵǧǲѾѧᣬζؿŰ
ǳ󴫳֮ǧ㰵ֿѣʱụӺǧҲġ
˪λ
˵Լǧϼ֣˪ǱǾ޿֮¡
¼䣬˶롣
ǳλ⣬ڵӣδй£Ҳɱضɡ
ۼңǧ֪ټջѡСɽһ̫ި
Ȼ̫ިһʱҲûټ֪ްǧ
Է˪ΪֻҪ뿪ǳɱıûмˡ
ǧʱСɽϣôҲǸ飬̫ިټ˷Ҳܳһ
ΪǴiǧСɽһ޷԰Ρ
һߣ֮ڣ౨ѻɽʶɨ̫ҪĲһԣ¼账õġ
Ȼһ٣öӡǳ̫ϻռǵ򣬻ü
֮ǰ¥㴫Ϣǳ̮⾡Ϊ棬䣬гϵҲڶ࣬ΪˣҴǰ۶Ѱ̫ϻӻҲֵ̫¡
һݣǳ֮ǰ̫ϻ۶̳ħ֮¡
һͳ̫ިݣǳȻ©
꼸Цˣʦȥνʦ֣Щûɣ
յԼĲֹ̫ިбȻǳʮݵö
ʦ㣬㲻õģνǳһ֮ʣʿŷȥԼ˵ϢмֲΪȻ
̴ɫȴڿݺ࣬ĬƬ̣ڵֻûô򵥡
⻰ڣ˵Ŀ㾡ϣڲ⡣
Сɽһڵӵʵڲ󣬾̫ިҲỴ̴̄οǰڳϣȻѰʿ֪¡
Ӧ֪ǰ飬֮ʣŵԱн봫С̴̶˶٣ֵŵպǳΪ֤ؾǳ󡣡
ǳδǳҲ¡
ǳһٵţƱǰȥ
ִžţôһЩԵҲŹһıĺûᡣ
ǧһԣɫҲǲÿΪƵͽȻƵҲݣǳƵضǲǰǧƵͽҲ޷ֹ¡
ο࣬Ƶࡣ
̫ިϷۣʼղڣ۵ֻһƬ֮ɫ
̫ϻǳ󣬻νԣ˻Ըڡ
̫ިйǰļУǳδн֮䣬й֣֮Ҳӡ
ļֹڶ㸲Լػ֮
̫ިѾԿ϶֮һʲôλص߰ǰԭ
̧⣬ʢĵչЩĿָ˵
ʧȥټ֮ϱֻʣӵˣҪάֻɽ󷨣Ǳ㲻뿪֮ϡ
ֻһ̫ϻѾ쳣
ûв´һ̫ϻҪŰټ֮ڡ
ԣʵڸ̫ϻһѺõĵ
ʦ㣬ǽô죿̫ިĿڵǡ
ϸֻϸ΢̫ܲި˵жҪ
δ¶̫̫ި̧ȻǳʢǱӦԼǡ
δϵ࣬Ի֪ټ
ǻָʶ֪Ϣض̸ϻ۶Ȼˣ̫ިԿǰȥ۶
⣬̫ިҲῴڸ̫ϻУϵҲӦϴѣ۶һˣȻǱҪġ
̫ިȻ˾ϣȻжջͲƬ̣ǱΪ˭ܸ̫ިǰ
СɽУȻǸʦ˼һУǿɶǴ档
Ҷδ˵һֱ̫ިҪһ֮ʱɫһ㲨
һ״ӵۣ̫ިҶһ߳
ʦֵлҪ˵߳⣬̫ިŵڡ
ҶûзϣǰҪСġ
ô˵ԭǼ򵥣̫ϷǫiǺϵĴܣ̫ިƫƫ޳̫ƵŮ
ʵ̫꣬ϷǫiʦĹϵԭ˵£ҶµȻ
ͬΪž޵ϧ֮鲢֡
ƫƫ̫Ϸǫiиӵ׵ܣֻ֮ʱΪ޳ѵ˱֮ġ޳㽫˵ʱΪǳҶϡ
Ҷ²Ⱦ޹ߵѪȣرȥΪѹڴĿڣꡣ
̫Ϸǫi࣬ȴѡ̻׵ܣһָϵ֤ݶȥ
ʧ֤ݣ޳޷ΪҶһ˷飬ǿ۶һ̫֮ϻϣˡ
ֻ̫ƵĸףʱΪҵ۳֣޳վûɱǱӵСˡ
̫Ϸǰס̫ިȻڣҶµĻ
ҶֹסͷȻһ˲عæި㲻Ϊҡ
Ѿµ̫ިʲô
ҼȻСɽţûµӺ󣬻ңڡ̫ި
̫Ϸǫiֳڣ̫ϷǰȻ޳ˣ;٣ҩǻڡ
ˣű̫ϻ壬ЩȴУʵûʲô֮
ˣ̫ިˡ
֤ݾ٣Ϊ̫һҲס̫Ϸǰס
Ǳ㿴ܲס𡣡̫ި΢΢𴽽ǣЦдż⡣


223 
Ҷ¿̫ި, һʱЩ㱣ã૵ި͵Ů, Щط, ʵں񡣡
ټ̫ơ
˵, ̫ިƽԼΪڵȷѪ
޳̫, ʵмָӵģΪ, ̫ިǵֻжʮ, ҲЩִ
ǰ, Ҷ½޳̫ż㾡̫ިǵŮҲΨһʸЩżˡ
̫ިЩţжЩ£֦ͷĵһ仨, ҹе, صĴѩе㺶м, ֪, һ۵ˣҲΨһ˴˲Ķ֡
ʦֿ֪ζѣͻȻʵ
̫Ϸǫiλ, ޳ֱ㱻Ϊȥ˺ۼţϢûµĺ֮С
Ҷ¸, Ϊζѡ
ڣЩ
һУԼҪ޳뿪Сɽǰ˵
СɽϹţӣΪ֪ȻеӲ࣬ÿһӶǾž޵ʮݶܼСɽһʮĴʦ޳ˡ
̶ʮ꣬ͻƶ飬ԴΪͣͣԾǲúʦǰ
޳һ·ӶʶˣѣζŰ̬
̫ϻ۶Ͼ֮նǺƺűɴ
Ҳ޳һ̫ơ
ǸʱΨһܱȼˣոǳʹȻʧɫ
޳̫ͬƳ壬Ů֣һʼעϱΡ
ǰݣ̫ϻʳֻռݰˡҶ˵˾£ʱλĻҵۣһֱ֮ģȴܳжʮ峸⣬һɱ°ˣԳٳٲܸж
ƵŮ飬ʻָݡ
ǿѪȵİ̫꣬ƽָңսȼݣˣ̤֮¡
ֱڣսʿ̫֮Ծսս
̫ϻʳţҲǵ̫޳ѵĸɡ
սһȼѪӰΡҶкӳսѪɫ£ɱڶ֮ڣܻвԸ֮ˡ
޷תìܣ̫ҪһͳҪ֮£Ī֮ţû赲ĽŲ
޳ԸҲۼ֤Ұս
ķ֮ڣܰյڶ࣬ս֮ʱؿΪԼĹңΪڻ·ǡ
̫޳ʶҵһ
վȫȻͬˣҲΪˣŻᱻ˴
̫޳֮ʿ
޳޷ֹ̫ƣ̫Ҳ޷˵޳ΪԼã
Ϊ׷ѰԵĵ޳̫עᱳۣ˴ˡ
̫ϻһͳһգ޳ݹѷ㣬̤˹;
ʱΪѾ˳ͻƴˡ
ֻ֪̫ƺ޳ΨһԷᲢ۵ȴû֪Ҳտĵһ仨͹ɽ¡ʱڵѩ
̫ԣ̫ިĳǳ⣬ԾڴӵĳҰģȴֻϣԼ޳ĺܰƽϲ֡
̫ƳϮλǰϦ̫ިǰ֮ѱ
㸲Ĵѣ޳̫ٴЯ֡
;ͬ飬Ҳһ¡̫ި
룬޳̫ƣӦûΪԼѡڹ
Ҷֳ֮ɫٶ£ԣԶź
ѡϣСɽڶһѣǹ
ʦ֣ѾסСɽ֪ʮο̫ިҶµ£ڵ
֪޳Լ̫ިҲѽгһףָֻ
Ҷ¿ɫºֹŮިطʦҲФơ
ҲǸӡҶûжԣת˵¡
޷֮Ͼȥ˽Լ˯⼸¼ŷľ䡣
ҵԭ㽫ŮΪԵŮʳʮȫȻҶָʲô
֮£̫ϻһܾϡϹʼѡۺľλڶʮڴУƵȨﵽǣ֮Ч
̫ƻʱʮѡۺȫ£֧ÿһ顣Ͼʮ崫ô꣬ڶ࣬ҲҳһʶȤ˼̳ѡۺһλ
ϧڳϮλ֮ǰ̫ƱΪ֮ѡ
ʱ˽ΪǷˡ
û̫ѹƣԭβ˵Ķʮٴζҵֻ̫һŮں󣬴ѡ̫ϻмѡ
ǰ֮ڣʮһ㹻Ŀϵλ
ĸ֧ŵ̫ϷǫiǵۣǡΪҲõó֣ʹ˱˳
ҵȻԸȨ˥䣬ƿػʳı塣
ֻǵʱ̫ϻУҳһ̫Ϸǫiʵ˼̳д֮Ͼ˷ãڼĺҵڻͬ˽̫ϷǫiΪ
һҶ˵ж˼Ц⣬̫ϷǫiҪڵŮ¡
̫Ϸǫiԭ̫ͬʮҲ΢Ϊȡһҵ̬ǿӲܿͬ
ҪҲǡ
̫ϷǫiѾλλģĶӡ
̫ϻʳλϵˣҪػ̫ިһùòǡ


224 
̵̫º, ̫Ϸǫi˳س˴ҵԽ̵
Ҳڼҵ۾˷Ƶ, ܶʱ, һʮ, ڵȨ֮ơ
ãҵλ, չس˾磬̫Ϸǫiλ
һʮ屾ΪԼп, ̫Ϸǫiȴڼλ̶̼º, ¶
Ϊǰ, Ȩıмʶ֣Ϊǵļ
ҵ̵ֽˣô򵥡
̫Ϸǫiλ֮ʱ£Ȩ, ѹ, ֮٣¼ѡ
ֱǰ, ׺ϵ, Ȼڳ֣ȴɽΪܣˡ
һʮ˻ᷢ, ̫ϷǫiλƾۡԼĶӷϵλĻ, ࿹⡣
۶ϾڣȨֹ֮ƣҡ
̫ި̫ƵŮһй¶ԸԸ⣬Ȼ̫ϻʳȨ֮
漰Ȩ֮
ʦֲãõĵĲңô̫ި
˵⻰ʱһЦȴЦ֮⡣
Ȼδ̫ިԼҪηǡ
˵ľ绹ڻ£̫ϻʳԣȷǲɺȻ
ڣ̫ިȻͻ˶ɽٺڡ
Сɽţ𣬸Ǳ֮
Ҷ²ʧЦֻĺϢǡ
ŲǰҶһ£мǰϾʦ˷ǰһ̳ơ
̫ިͷӦ¡
ݴиO@춯ֹסͷͬʱ˹ȥʧΪҶҲֱ
ɫβԲҶϻŮ̧ͷһ˫ͫ·ű亮âֻΪ
ԭֵ̫ިģȴԭأϤİգþòܻ
̫ިû뵽Լ
ǰ̫ިˮΣ굱ʱ۪Ѳֽƣˮֻϡ룬ɱԼҲ
۪ڵ̫ި
Ҫǵãɱˮɣϻꡣ
Ϊڵ̫ި˵һһֻ
ҲˣŻὫŮ뿪ˮ
ʱѾˣֻƬ֮У̫ިƲŮԼ˱ˮΧ֮ʱ
ｫ̫ިŮ㾡ܵضãһֱΪ¶ʿ
Ƿ񲣬̫ިһҡ
ᣬ̫ިǰΨһˡ
̫ި֪δαˮܻ֮Ҳ޴ѰֻҪˮ縲㲻ͬľء
ֻ̫ިδ뵽ԼСɽϼ
̫ިԼβڶڽ䱸ʶ̫ިܸܵԷηϢ
̫֡ިڣԼصǼĪӿɬ֮⡣
û뵽ͻȻԼ֣ͫ΢΢ɻ֮ɫ̫ިƺ޶⣬ǳһ˲ڻص
ǲϰ˵м͡

̫ިЦˡ
ñͼãʱ֮ɫҲΪ֮ʧ
СɽǸĵطԸ⣬֮ʱŵԡ̫ި
ƶǶǰ仰ˣǻصСɽܺá
Ǿͺá
仰̫ިЦЦûٶ˵ʲô
ȻСɽϣҲͲصġ
Сɽӻ֮ء
̫ިջĿ⣬Ҷһǰ
һΣϲаŮҲ࿴ᡣ
úûţδԼŮһΣŮز½ƿҲúûţΪһ롣
ʶֻҶ¿ʵױ̫ި̬Щ֡
ֻ𵤣ȥʵûʲô֮
һλˡ̫ިߣ䴽ǡ
һΣˣڲصޡ
ʦ֣ҺȻãԼûʲôͷҶ£
Ҷԣɫڣިһֱúܺá
κˣԼܱøˡ
*
㡭Ů٣ҹγڣ鿴׵Ůӣ֮мФƵǾŭɫ
̫ިδԼҪǰ۶ǳ֮Լ£ǲöϢ㴫ˡ
κξٶǱйע֮¡
ϢԱҹγǳ֮λ˪Լи۶Ů
۶ϾҼϾҲЩٴǰˡ
Ͼε˽⣬֮УԼûм˱ȵ顣ǡ˪ڿôͬλ֮ϹϵŴ£԰׷Ůȥ·ӡ
鿴ǴŮ١
˪ԣüؽ´һͨòϧƺŮɫ
ϲŮɫ˪Լϯ
˵˪Ծ֣ЩʱգҲ˲ٸǧɫȴһҲδãҲɫ
ǸʲôʦܣЩ˶ȥ
ʦܣݣҲ֪ԲԵ
˪ֳȻ֮ɫҪλϵ˼ʵЩס
ǽг֪ԼȻôֻۣʱҪѪ
ǿЩʲŸһ¸ɣɫˣƾ³Էİá
Ŵܲô룬ϾԹͷʹֻҪۣ˵мʮϰˡ


225 
ʱ, ˪Ļһ˲漴ǺյҿҼŮ, һ㹩ʹ
˪ЦһΪ, ѡ񣿡
ƽ, ȴ̲ס˸
˪۵ֳı̸һ, û벻, ԸԸء
鱻µ޻˵, 죬Щί࿵ǵ, һȥֺˡ
ϧڡ˪ֳ, ȴ˼ŮĴ, б³֡
⻰һ, вỨѾˣ, ׼żԽԽ١
˵ؼ, ȴδõԸ׵Ӧ
ʱһɻԼĸǲǲҪˡ
ʱ˪˵ٴͷ
ȻǺܱ, ܽΪֲܲϲ˺ܾãҲûԼŵ, ɸίˡ
󲻾ãʵ뿪ˣ˪ʵͬĿжĸ׵ȫȻͬҲȫȻȲ÷ķĵ۶Ͼ
͵͵ȻûԼȥ˺ˡϧʦûҹγǣͱƱǳüʱδرס
һ⣬ʶΪαΪ֮أҲ״лصͷ
˪Ҳ뷨ֻ㲻һֱ򣿴иܵóԸ
˵᲻Ƨˣ
ʱҹγƵطͲˣ
ǲá˪δΪ⻰˹ٿڡ
⻰Ҳûɵ˪ȻЦ˹죬첽˳ȥ
ϲҲϲ
ȥʰ׼Ͼ
ŮıӰһֱվ˪ԵŮ̲סڣȽҼθ֪ô
αضһ٣˪תдżģԳʮȵϾȻ֪
Ҹһ뽫Ůӻ£Ըһ꣬ϧϣֺ˭ܻ˭һӡ
ȥ볤þõػȥվҪ
պ˪̤Сɽ뵽֣в˼㷲
ܽһǶ£
뷨սսصĻᣬ˪̤
ּ̧񣬿˪ʺ齫Ϸ䣬ɹ̫ިò
ԭء
Ѿʱ꣬黹һ۾ҹγһҹ֡
𣿣ʱЩʿˮĵôùȥˣĴӦǲǵԼ˰ɡ
̫ިĿ⣬Ӧ㡣
һعȥתͷĵ֣ǲ˶ϣ
ֻûܼһ桭뵽ˮʵڿ
ܱԼԲųҲȷټ
̫ިüϻżɽӺ㣬ʲôϵ
գգۣãȻϢŻعʶ̫ި˵ʲôӵؿ̫ިһۣŴұ֡
Ϊʲô֣
ֻΪӺڽҹγǺ뿪ˣ֪Сɽ֮¡
Ȼ֪̫ިΪҪӺ͹˼ңȻˣҲֻʵʵ
йӺһ֣ҼϾԶԶ޷˼ȵģϾϣ̫ϻʳʮ֮һ
Ҹ˼ңйϵѣ˺󲻾ñҼҶϵ
˵Ӻĸڹ˼Ҳ֧ˣĸһֱڹгֱʮǰǰϾĸҼһָϵ
ȻӺݲûô򵥡
һ֧ˣε⻯Ӻݣαװ
̫ި飬ֵϾ˽١
Ͼʮ;֣ұġСĴΪҼŮЩΣ֪ġ֮⣬һЩڷҲ֪١
¡̫ިⷬ˪
˪Цһ񣺡ߣǰҡ
Щ룬ǲǿԻȥˣ
̫ި˪ټǸСδע⡣עĿģСɽɽŶƺƴΪ׼֮¡
֮Уʵ֮ݰ
û֪Сɽ뱱ݱسﱸʱ̫ިڵмŮ
ľګòƽŮɰͰ͵˵ٰķ̫ߡ
һΣŮαװ̫ިˮ󣬱°ŭɣϻ׷Ŵ򣬺û˰
̫ި΢΢𴽽ǣƷԴ
Ůľګһ˲ƲĿ⣬ԴãҲҪòǡ
̫ި治ɫؼ˼ۡ
ŮԼԭᶨ־ٱԴѾʮˡ
ѵŮľګһʹ
ľ̫ި죬ǲŮķӦ˷ֻСɽڣ˭֡
ΪߵȻ̫ިѪ䣬òʹǵʲô˼Ҳͽ͡
֣ҪӼۡŮ˼Ƭ̣ޱ
̫ި˵ͷɽ
һԳĵʲôΪΪʳֳɵķ
Ů뿪ǰʵʦ㣬˷ȴ뿪
СɽƺƴΣ˿ġ
عˡ̫ިָ棬صΪֻ֮䣬ֻҪ塣
һһҪ̫ި⼸㲢£һռ䣬㽫°ס
պһȥЩͷķۻڶСɽ뿪ó̶Уۡ
и̫ިߵСɽ״ֻ¥ˣҪ֮桮ˡ
ˣһ飬㶼СɽӣһˣסԼŵӡ
һ·ϣޱ߼ʵĺ棬֮ڵִڡ
Ͼͷʢǳ֮£ʱոǲʮݵǰָ֮ǰ
ǳ̫ܵϷǫi׿ϣϾصɳڶСǳøˡ
ϾǳҴӵʵڲӦô͡
ţʲôɣôû˵ű֣¼С̲סü
ǳȥżҲòԼʲô˵֮£ԺȰɡԵ˼ֲֵ
ȻЩʱգѾ˲ɢ飬Գһǰʵڲ񻰡
Ͼ̫ϻʳȱʯӦٶҲ㹻󷽣ÿնʳƣдȫ
СмҡҡͷоΪݡżȻǷǳвϲǽ¼
ˣҲðţǡɻλá
λ䲻ϼѣССҲû޵ʸ
Сһӣ㽫ط


226 
ĵطͲ, һСţҲмʮϰٵӣ԰ס󣬴˴ʱԵúӵ
ڵ̲, ԴСŶ, ȻǼõŴ
˵, ÿж˾󷨣ŨԶʤ, Ҳ°빦֮⣬̫ϻ廹ÿ, ŴɶԴƲ, ԴѷСţȴ˵һ׮֮ϲ
װ, ʩ÷, ̫ިһϸ, ȼݱ, 뵶
¥վڴ, ֽ̧ס, һĿʮеɨݣü
ع̫ިʦ㣬¥Ѷ
ʦֵټ, ¥ҲûȷϢǰвʿϢںϵ֮ϡ
ϵ
̫ި, ľôʱھͻ˺ϵֻ֤ϷӡѾٴɶ
˹£Ҳظ˹ڹӺ⡣
¥ڹӺļأԲ޲𣬻ʱΪݶûʲôֵùעļֵӺڹļ¼һʴ
֪ӺǾ岻⻯˿϶֧ݲ˶Ŀ
ȥ¥Ҳܿ췢¼֮ϣҪƾһ˳Ͳ¡
鸸Ǹ˼ҵãȷ¹һӣӻδ±Ѿزۣ޶ؾգС
ӺǾ⻯ǶǸزӤݣϾߡ
ǶʱգҲδ¶ʲô쳣鸸õķϣշ֮ӡ
֮Ҽ̰֮֮鸸Ҽ֧Ȼһ١նǰգӺȻ뿪Ͼ
̫ި¥˴ʱѾӺбǴǰͶĸҹγǳ˪
֮û뿪򣬷ѡСɽ£ʱ䲩ΣСɽҽ֮ס
ҲΪˣСɽŻԪӤϰٽ𵤵ӡ
Щ޷ȷӺʵΡ
˼̫ϻʳʮ֮һҪðˣ֧˵ݣҲô򵥵¡
ϣһյƾĬȼţɫЩް
չӺСɽʱͷѪƣ⻯ԱѪҲ˵յĿǰΨһ׷ӺλõĶ
̫ިŻƣԷֱ
ã̧ͷȴһ£𽣬ӦǵһϾ
ͷ֪Ϊдһʡ
̫ި⣬ƻʱ֣б£ĺɫ£¥ľƺһ⡣
쿪ڣϾȻһˣ㲻ôʢ
⼸ϾǻɹһϾٹЩʱգԼ㲻ˡ
۾̵ʦҪһȥϾҹô
뿪¥ԣЩεر졣
̫ިĶ˹δӦ֮룬ֻҪ졣
ЩʧӦûע⵽վԼ¥⻰ĵ̫ި̧л
̫ިⷬҲȫǽڣȷҪ졣£ǰȥǸõѡ
ҹɫеϾƻͨ֯Ц̸䣬һƬ־
Ƹǰ̫ިнӡҡҷ㻯һǰɢ
Է˹Ӻ壬ǵУһ׷ݵӡ
̫ިǰĥС֮˵⣬Ҳס
⻺ƮԶ̫ި̧ǰذȹʡΪѾѹƵԪӤ磬ûпĻò߹ʿҲδͶעκζע⡣
̫ިԣɱЩԶԼʿ֪ټ򵥲¡ѭ⣬һǰ
˽࣬ͨʳǵķ򣬶ʳǵģȻȨеĸۡ
һ˵õȮ죬⻰ʵڲ̫ϷǫiϮλ󲻾ãΪ׵ܵܣ̫Ϸǰױ÷
ڻʳ⡣
ҹУع̫ϻʳɵĻʳǣ·һֻ̾ڴ˵ޡ
ؽʶ̫ިҲܸܵдڵǿϢ
̫ϻʳĵ̣ȷС
ջĿ⣬бڻʳӰµ
ռعԼϾһһ㣬Ҳ̫ܿϷǫiܵܵݡ
ͣ⣬ɢȥۼͬʱӺյҲϨ
ƵǵͷѪҲֻܹ֧ŵڡ
̫ި̧ͷҶ΢΢ü
ȷЩģ³ԹԭҪô
ȻһһؽƣԿ̽Ρ̫ިЩҲǿƵϸ֡
Щǲ
̫ިʧڽУδֺ춯
Ϸ£ɼ׵ĻĴѲӣֻһƬĽŲ̫ިҴ
̧ʶܹǰƣɿ졣
̶Ϣα㾡̫ި֪
ʶϢţƳ߻谵İУֽűʯ̨ϣĿУϢǶ龳硣
Ӻ
̫ިϳԼµӡ
ӣҩ
һȳѪɫҺǰ̧ͷ¶һΪټ쳣԰׵
ȥҲһ̣̫ިʶء
׼ݾߡ
δ쳣ӹҩ룬ȳҩҺһĮȻ
ɽ̫ި˳⣬صһ̣΢΢ü
޵Ϣһ˲Ѿ㹻̫ިע⣬˭
ǵϢɿԶȥδɣ׷ȥ
һһ׷Զɽʿٶȣһʱ̣̫ިѾϾǽ
ҹɫĬ£ΨҷӹO@֮
׷ǽ֮ʱ̫̽ިǵϢڳʧټ
̧ͷܣ̫ިЩ䣬Ȼ˲²⡣
ࡣڣг֡
һȴδõӦΧһƬȻֻֻʣ̫ިһˡ
࣬ٶ㣬ҺձȥһƬ̺̫ިޱ˵仰ȥʮᡣ
У
֮ʱһ
˵ڣʶԼʲô
֪ԼѾ㲻ˣͷɥس̫ިǰɫסΣñסֻ¶ԽӲ򢡣
֪ΪΣϢѾȫȻͬҲ̫ިδڵһʱϳԭ
û֪ڼֵһ̣̫ި֮˿
ʵҲЩ£³Ĳ
ࡣٻһ
ި͵͵ػӦɤмɳƣвżҪ
̫ިǰһˣྐྵһ
㲻ң̫ި̧ͷлɬ
ʱصô᲻Һ㡭
Һ㡣
̫ިɫ֣
ڣǰ


227 
鱻ڷñ, ˿徿ԥ̧֣ȴִżԼ顣
̫ިץס֡
һ̣Ƭ, һ˲Ϊ֮սĴС
ǲ˵, ǸƬצ
Сĵצ, ǲԸ
̫ިȻʶʲô̧, ҿסͷķñ
һѪڶϣ޷ȥĺ۷ű亮â, ˫ֻһƬѪɫ
ƬѪɫ֮, ·޾ڷӿֻǶһ, ˱
Ҳ಻ҳ̫ިǰԭ֮һ, Ҳȫ, ⸱ģ, Щɲġ
ۣû̧ͷ
̫ި΢ָƬϷ, вδɫ, ֻʵѾ˶طӡ
صء
طӡƣΪȻͻϵҲһ֮
Ҳα, ȻǿһҲ޷ȫָΡ
ΪʲôҼҡ̫ި˫ͫѱϲŭ
Щɬߣֻ鷳
һ, ȴ̲סھ쵽ϤϢ֮ʱ뿴һֻۣһҲá
̫ިĸ֪ΪĻҪ࣬˲Ϣй¶Ҳ˶ߡ
Ϊǳνԣ̫ި֪˼ʲô
ҹɫУԳֻްڵˡ
̫ިĻ࣬Ҵν
ȻһԻԤѾµࡣ
ƺϣȷΪ
Σ
ֻ㡣
̫ިŵģࡣ
ǰŮþò
ި֮ڣ˻֣Ҳ˵ġ
̫ިɫ˸̲࣬סָţǱѱޡ

ʧǣҲֹֹΥ֮¡
ި֣૵ҡ
˵Щʲôȴӿϵһϣһѻ˲Ϣ֮ȼȫǵҡҡ׹
ǡ
ǿѹͷȻıŰ֮⣬гʶ˿ȴ̫ިס֡
ߡ³֣ިһ
ƫƫʱ򡭡ިǰǿѹסԼ.
̫ިȴû뿪Ƴطӡɷй¶ӰȻʱ뿪
תľüģȴֻĶһ˲
ʱ˿̣ͫѾ׻ΪһƬ޻ʵı䣬һ̣ںֻʣԡ
βȻס̫ިϸ֫뻳С
סˣͦıڲţƬϸ֬ļϻȥżԵǡ
ѾкϵΪ̫ިҲǲܣûж
ӣǱƽն˼ԣ̫ިмȡÿһۣƺ뽫̳븹
βƣԭƬƺҲ¶ȣᱡȹҲ˾֮⡣
ཫ̫ިϣݽˮòͣЪͷŻŮء
˫Ŀ֮ɫȴ֪εý⡣
̫ިɫ϶˼ֳ죬֪ϴ⣬Ѿ³˼֡
дԣԳ֮󣬻ᶨڱ...ҲǲѹơΪɷӰ죬ǱٱԣȻǰǰǿн֮ѹơ
δָܻΪεֺצ̫̽ިϷ£ױ㽫˺ѣͬʱ̽ѩ׵ĲһĨۡ
ʱҪôȥҪôηѪϼķ󣬻ɳõؽ.⡣
ȷЩˡ
̫ިָ𣬵ԥƬ̣վû֡
Ƭ֮䣬Ѿǰڽڰˣ
ֻʣ±̫ܵ࣬ިϾתζʱʧҹɫС
Ҫط
ڣ̫ިӦԽԽ޶ȵǣײײҡ
ָ¼̽󷨣漴㱻˵ڴϡ
ݱɢڣȼӳůɫ
ཫֳ࣬ߴ̫ܽިȫסǶűԼλسѨе
ڳ˫Ŀע£̫ިҲɸеļ¡
һ̣ษ˫ӣϢڣЩ
Ϸ³ױ˺ǰ̫ިֽ̧´ͷɴᣡѻ೤ڴϣβɺ죬ݶ˼˼̻
˳ָⱻһֻסקɴ֮ڣз⡣
.ţ̫ިЩ˼ܿ죬ûϾ˼ˡ
̫ިص󲻾ãһε¥Ҳ
ҹ̫ި׼αµСɽҲǰȥһϾʢ˵Ҳδ顣
һյõҩĻƣţ̲סҲ֪ʦ᲻ϲյơ
ԭãΪʦѡġ¥ü漴㵱ѡһյƲǡ
β˼ɰһۣ¥˵Բ˵
Ҳʱʱ̿ʦѾˡ
̫ͣިԷ⣬֪ظ̽ĽƣЩ֣ʦѾˣΪҪڴ˲½ƣ
ѵҪ£ʲôⲻɣ
ȷЩ⣬ĵȥԶ
¥õģڵʦ£ԭô
ʦΪܶɵ鷳ģʵѾˡ
Ҳûж룬ȡлƣ£ȴͻȻԼ˵ԲЩ
¥ȡƣֹ̧ȥ
һײ¥.ϡ
ľ룬ҹɫдڸ쳣
һʱЩȻٶ
¥Цһǻ񶯣ˣʦ֮ʱԼܿˡ
ĪЩȣڳ䣬׷л
ûٿڣǳĬЯȥ
ֻΪʦյƣԼķʱ¥ڻ̲סڡ
һۣȡһӨ壬Щ³Уġ
¥ͷűǿе壬ʧһ˲̧ͷѾϵķţϲɹһĨǳЦ
ڣֳεɫ̧ͷֻͭһۣ㷢ԼĶ
һ̴֧ľͷɵĻ
ʲôʱ򡭡
̲סǣ֮ǰϵЩȴǺÿࡣ
Ҳʲô֪ġ
콫֮ʱƻۣԳް֮ɫضãһͻϮ̶ڵϣˮ顣
Уܽǵյҡţڻ谵ɫһ΢â
֮Уɫۻҵڵϣɴҡҷůڡ


228 
겻ͣ, ƾֻ·л¶ңðС߹ŲҴ, , ƺҲȻ
һ, ¥ͷϵĲоִ֣һö, ƺ˼ƾ֮
̫ިԷ󷨽Ծδȥ˿ɿ̽, Ȼ, ҲóȻѶš
¥ѵʦʲô鷳ˣ, ̲סתͷ, ˵
ʦܲʱչء
¥Ħö, Ц, ܸʦ鷳ģɲˡ
˵, һʱ, öϡ
΢¥ҲͲҪʲôڵḶ́Ϊܵһԡ
µλãϽʧЦ⡣
ǡ
ע⵽仯, ʱֲôˣ
¥૵ʦȷЩ鷳
ʲô⻰𽵱ɫ첽ߵ¥ߣĿɨ, ɫΪ֮һ͡
ռǲһ츳ҲǼѣȻóʾ
һҲ鷳
¥ڨڨЦǲ֪̫ˣᱻڰɡ
ճ벷ΪԼߵˣнģ¥Ҳû뵽ԼһԣȻĵó
ԭʦѾѰʦˡãڱһ仰
¥Ŀϣɿ˹ʶ
ֻɿһϺӣͼװʲôҲû
ʱ֪̫Ҳʲô¡ٷʲô֪ʱҲâڱ
ʦ㲼˽ƣԼûóȻȥţҡ
ԵŴ꣬ŵΡ
ƾþûм֮ƣ·ѲϾ¥гĬԶԶǽһǡ
֮Уһʧǵ
ʪ͸ֻһƬհףϲ԰׵ò˿Ѫɫ
νͣϣȴʧ֪ȫĴ㡣ڣ񲻿ظһǰȥˮ֮С
ȹˮۣȴѾ˲Щ
ǵã뿪֮ʱ˵ҪҼѰԼĸס
ʲô
üϾβ˽⣬֪Ҽ˱ʡ
⸱ģ飬޷֮
ԡ
Ϸ걻£ֹƬ̧̣ͷĿ⡣
ҵˡãڣˮջ䣬Ǳ
صϾϾ֮УûҼˡ
ڰǰҼ̰֮ųնбĸס
Ҽ䲻һʮ֮һϾӪ꣬Ҳ˭Ҳ뵽Ϧ֮ţñΪ֮ǡ
Ҽ˵ʬױڣѹ׹ۣݵķҲѰ
ԭţȥŶҸǰΪԼŮд¡
һʼǰȥ򣬱㲻Ϊ˪ŮҸѾûܹи
Ҳǰ岻ѣǰ¶棬˪ҸҲδʽףֱҲδܼףһҸ˳ժҼҵĻС
Ĺ裬סŮסһࡣ
񣬿Ʋ̵ڻǰ¶ò
ӦĸףҪˣǰѾ
ֱڣϸɾԾһƬͣٲ
ǰǺܽڣʧȥΪ̡֮
ʧȥʹ࣬Ϊͬʹࡣûж˵ʲôΪ鵹һյȲ裬߳˷С
ϵһ˲кȻ𣬴˵ı
վ⣬΢΢
¥һ߳ͣߣûпڡ
һǰΡ
תֹգ֮зЪݱȼֻһ㡣
ɴ᣺ۣȻȫָΣֻʣ¶һǻ޷ջأ֮ɫ
֮ʱ˯е̫ިҲתѣβɺ죬żǳƣɫ
βٴθȴָ̧סüġ
ˡ̫ިż˻ơ
ٳ࣬ҹҲõͷˡ
οڵһպָʶԭѹ.̫ިĹ½ڽڰˣ
ʱඥһ˫ͫƺżֿ
ϧѾ̫ި
Ǻܴʱ۵Լʳ֪ζ
֪徫ʢȻӦýηѪϼķ󣬳׽⡣
ζĿ£ĪЩ䣬գգۣ̫ިֺõػһި
˵ţ׽סָһڣβٴδ
̫ިһۣջָ֣΢㻻һµķ¡
ԭŵͱ˺òӡ
࿴űȹסۼľϧ
ި۰Ͱ͵̫ިΪЩʧشβ
̫ި̲ס䴽ǡ
ཫ˵ڴϣ㲻ˣ
δ̫ިԼȦڻУ̧ǶԳĽǣҲˡ
ϾҪ졣
ĥĥؽβסȻԸ׽е˷ſ
߳ȥ̫ިСɽʦҲ͵Ȼ޴ˡ
ޱβһ⧲סԼػβ𾪡
̫ިվ⸱飬۵Ц΢
ǰףȨȴôߵסڴԵһ
պβ໻Ϸ£ǹµķ˪ǶȴʱԿơ
̫ިһȥȥ


229 
ʦ㡪̫ި֮, ̸ˡ
¥ĿӹĵȻˡ
, ɫЩ΢Ȼ, ̱ιȥ, ͬ¥һ񣺡ʦ֡
˫ɷڵĳͫȴδֳʲôη
̫ިʾ, 漴Ҳδϻɻǵ, ֮, ǳַ̮ʲô
, вֳһ֮ɫި, ô֪֮һ£
֪ض, ʶ֮ͨǰ, æűģȻҲϾ̸¡
ʱ, ̫ިȼ佫˵, һʱЩʧԭʱһֱߡ
֮궯֮ʱǳڵĽơع, շ£
ǳ¥Ȼ, ܲԶ
֮걻ǳģԻٽơ
ԣǳŻôӳСüͷһȴ˵ͨˡ
Щ䣬ϡ
ʦֿ˭˽ƣ¥ʵ
໺ҡҡͷ
ʱΪ֮ľ漴֪ǳԻٽƿ֮ʣطӡƣΪԭγ˺Ȼݵǳ
ֻȻطӡΪɷӰ죬־壬λ̽˭˽ơ
Ϊ˼޹Լǧɺˮ¡ڴ˴û鼣
پգԻָЩǣǿΪǰǳش̽ǳǳټ֮¡
̫ϻ嶨ڷѣʱϾִϾͬʱ̫ިҲˡ
˿Ҵǳӣض⡣¥ڣУһΪ֮
ΪϴҪЩǳֻ֡ûȷ֤ݣ֮һ¿˵ƾȡš
ǳµʱ࣬ü̫ިִյ
֮ͼǰǳսδóѣıضܡ
Ҫǣж֮꣬Ȼ˾ͽԪһǱ䣿
˾ͽԪǱ֮󣬲ŻֳԭĿΪ˼޹ⷨӱ㲻ˡܲܽлɵĶɱˡ
ǵҲ޽չ˷Ҳǲá
̫ިյҶɫ
Ƭ̺ſʵ⼸ռ䣬ǳϾкζ򡣡
ǳӳµݾϾʹ֮УǱޣδκص⼸ռҲ¡
ʦǰȥһ̽¥΢΢ü
Ϊ֮ϾʳǷܣɽϵĴܣǰһ̽ȫˣ¡
̫ިûзϣۿһǳӵΣвصǿرԴЩʲô
Ȼʲô
ʦ㣬һܹʹķӡڵٹգϾʹнһļ䣬ǡҲһӡ
׷̫սĻʳ֮УΪӺյģΪ
һͳʳΪصģҲ书̫ϻʳÿ궼һļ䡣
ȻԣΪȫʱĳӡֹţסļɶδ©¡
⣬ǳҲ룬Ͼʹ֮УΪ˲̫ϻӣӦҲڼϡ
²ǰȥ̫ި˹УҲȥһ̽
ȴǡã̫ި𴽽ǣˣӦȥһǡ
ȸᣬ֦ͷӹϾϳǣУУң׼ļС
һݴֺľǡ
ŹһƿնаϺġ
һԵʱֽкãʮ
Ų׵ŮУúͨ˵ӽȺбѰ
ͣԣֱüһɱ֮⣺պ䣬дЯ׼ʱǰ
ӽгӸһԵЦһȺ˵񻹵Ҳ룬ȺҷĶܰγŮµĵ
ǣŮ²Ҳûǰѽеڵĵô⻰һ̲סڵ
ʱǰβôǲ룡
е¶ôûУ
̫ϻ֮ҪЯǰ䣬̫ԣܰγڵˣԳΪһλˡ
̫֪̫ϻ廹Ͼһʮ壬֧˫ﻢ
У̫ϻ岢Ӻգǻ壬Ҳ޷ǿڡֻܽÿ֮ʱȡڹҲӵһܷγڡ
̫뿪̫ϻлδܳɹγڡڷǻˣǱһԵĻҲС
պ󣬻뽫Ҫˡ
ֵһؾǳԱ˷û¶ɡ
ļԭе壬Ȩ󽻼ʵĳϣᷳЩ
ܲҲӶˡ
Ůǿ뷨ޱΪѲʱЯǰ
Ŀ£㬵ˣˣ֪
Щ꣬»ڵʱ˭ҿ˿ľѣ£òͷ


230 
̫ϻʳλϵ, ̫ϷǫiĶӣ̫
ʿԽߣºõĿܱԽ̫ͣϷǫi˼, Ҳֻһӡ
Լĸ, ̫ƽӹ, ĵر¸ҲǸԪӤ
̫Ϸǫi걻, ֻôһӣδػѡϵλ
˵, Ȼ̫˵λ, ƿػʳģ̫Ϸǫi
Լ̫ƽҲû̫׷, Ψɫ, ĳɾû, Ůࡣ
ŮҲһ׮鷳, ¹Ȩ棬ǸĸŮҲ, οһȺͬͬĸĻӻŮ
֮λδ, ԼʵһĻӵȻá˷䣬̫ʮŮʮ
˭ܰγڣܳΪһˣǿǵƵŮս, һͳľ֮ʿ
õˣױܸһ
̫ϺͼӣüëƲţôôɥⷬûʲô¶, Ȼ̫ϣ֧ˣҵһѪԵԶмҲûʲôΪְҲѻϡ
Լֲ̫ͬϺͼ˿ûʲô־ϾԵ֣Ѿ׷
־̫Ϻͼ̤빬ûӭλ֪еڼĻӡ
Ǽţʮ壬ʮ
֮ʱ游밲̫ϺͼѰ̤빬Ű벽ʸҲûУҲֲܹ嵱ǶʮλӻŮ
˵̫ϺͼϯĻᣬ游м֮£ֵ䰲ţ㽫ԼС˳˽
õܡ֪ʮ廹ʮĻӿڣﻰǹ𽵹ζ
̫ϺͼеЦ⣬˿ʵǰ˭ûϳ
ϴ̵Ц⣺³¡
֪ʮ廹ʮĻӶȫȻ⣬˵ͷϻͬ壬αض񡣡
̫Ϻͼĵ֪ûͬλʮ廹ʮ˵ɣʵЩû⡣
λûӣôҲֲ๣̫ϺͼԼĵλǳ塣
ʮõ硣ŮӴڣǰѡϧ磬ҲûʲôáҼǵȥǿаγڣȴΪˣڴ˿°ɡ
̫ϺͼڻȻԭʮ壬ʮ
ʮתͷŮӵɫżֲƣʮҲڵһ֮ڶãҪǿϼֵġ
û֪֮ĴԼΪǿġŮӷ༥
ͬĸö˿ŶԷһȥȫȻ̫Ϻͼһԡ
Դˣ̫Ϻͼ˿ӣ̵Ц᳡ȥ
ΪݣҲֻڼϾĩر˶Ż֣̫ܿϺͼʵ⡣
̤᳡ѲܣȻֽࡣ
ˣ˵Ӧǳ֮ǰϾ˷䣬ҲЩϾ
̫ϺͼŲͬɵӷʿһЩɣδ̤ϾһҲԼ˵
ȫǰ̸Ĵ㣬ʱ游ʶλſĻԺ
һ࣬濴ȥЩң̫ϺͼЩѰԼϯλʲô򣬼ѵشȺм˹ȥ
뼸λɳ£ϼڽյִαҪһġ뼸λȥһͤϴǡôЦ⣬ȴûʲôתء
ֻ⼸仰̫ϺͼҲ³ǰ
ϼӦǳֻǽղŵִΪһţϼҪǰ񣬹еȻһ֡
˶ˣϯλ㲻㣬ţҪЩί
ȵȡʱ˿ڵ
̫ϺͼĿͶȥֻŻ껺̵ŵѣ
˵ôȻĿȴε¶֮ɫ
ǡʮһǶʮŶӦǸλĶʮˡ
̫Ϻͼʿ֮֮ɫŴ˷˲ʿɫʮֳڣڻ壬¾ɫ̫ϺͼʱԾɲΪ֮ʧһɲ
ֲλʮӻ棬һɫж
ѣϯλ㣬ͬΣʮΪЦ⣬ɫõŮڵ
뵽ԼģǸոһͳ˱׳Ƴ
̫ި̧к˼ζ꣬鵭
һԵȴüҶʦ㲻
ԼϷԼ̫ިзֺǲʵġ
ʱ¥Ϊѹ𵤣̫ިҲֻ¶ԪӤ磬ΪϾʵЩ
ֱض̫ި˵ֱͣץ
ʮ£Ҽ߻ŮѰ㡣̫Ϻͼһ΢΢Щɥǰ̫ިǰ
ϲµ飬Ͼ游֣ǳʲô£游Ҳÿ
λʮӵĻҲţֻԪӤʿбȫ
߻ŮʮͬĸһηϣܻסɫܵĶʮ
Ȼ⻰ɫʱΪ֮һ䣬Ǳ߽㿴ٲҪѵһ١ɫʵѵá
ʱ΢΢ָ⣬ʮعϡ
һ˲Ϊþ󣬴һɫ뿪
ˣ̫Ϻͼ˿ƲüëǿȥɥˡҪǶʮҪλŮ֣Ҳһûʲô취
ϯλ֮£̫ϺͼҲ÷ʱ˳ڶ̫ި˵ͤƫƧλ⣬ͬҼһ
˵Щ⣬̫ިʦ㣿
̫ިףˣ̫Ϻͼһ񣺡Ǳ߶Ÿˡ
̫Ϻͼһ㣬Ȼ⼸Ϊƽƽʲô˲õݣҲĶйһˡ
̫ϺͼżԼȥƾ̫ϣϯλҲʤԭŵࡣ
̫Ϻͼ֪ôƺ̫Ϻͼ¥ա
ǻˣ¥üлص£ǰʦ㡣
̫ϺͼĿһֱδڵŮϣ֮УȻΪġ
һۣ̫ϺͼʶȤջߣʶ㶢˿δʧ
֮¥Ǹʮʲô
̫ިеĵλҲԿ϶׷ŹλĶʮӡ
أ𽷴ʡ
¥üûзϣҶʦ㲻ܸøЩ۲ǡ
ǰĹһذˡ¥Ƶ
΢Щ֮á
𽹴˹ǣʲôٵƬ̱ۿˡ
˵ĶȻûӹ̫ި۾˳ΪĨȥ˳ֵĺۼ
ɴʲôʥˡ
̫Ϻͼδ¥ⷬҲ˿֪ԼΣյļˡ


231 
˵ΣԺ֪̫ϺͼһЩɥ, ¥̨ԶЩ߻㲻
˵ţָ¥ˣԼҲȡö, ڲ˲, ҧȥ
˵Щ˼, ¥ü̫ϻ, Ҳȫ֮
ϾֻƼˮ꣬Ѽ֮, ¥̫ϺͼҲδٶ˵ʲô, ֻĵż俪ʼ
ʱҲ, ڳ֮˸ϯҹɫ, ¸, , ӳ԰л硣
µ
һϳĺֻŮ̴ӵ̫ϻʳϵȨǰ
̫ʵڲߴ, ԾɫĶӽڵ, ô˼־Ӧеϡ
ҲȷֻǸˡ
̫֮ʱϯڶ̫ϻʳĳ㶼񣬾Ǹ, վҪŵġ
ڲʿȻˣֻ̧񼴿ɣֲ̫ϻʳĳ
̫ԴҲʲô, ģɻвΪڶɽϵĴܣǸУҲûܡ
Ǿ̫ϻʳƵŮ׷ڸȤЩҲ
̫һǰģǳˣȴǡڰ·ˡ
ΪŰۣǹ죬ϲʲô飬һ˫Ѳ⣬Ǻת
ǳӣ¡
ǳͬŰۣгȻ֮ˡ
̫ިĿڳһϣ߶ͶȥҲԵͻأ
ۿǳӣ̫ިδóȻ
ġ
̫òŮĲλԼĶʮŮص˵ͷ
ŮһϣԼǿࡣ
Ŀ£׵һȱϯλ̫鼸ɼس˼֡

̫ϷǫiУο̰ɫʲôҲĶӡ
Դˣ̫Ǽʹġ
Ǻϵܣ̫Ϸǫi棬Ҳ֣̫ʵĵǰ͸Ҫʲôϵļӡ
½֪ЧҵģʼֻѾ뿪̫ơ
ʱδɱҲûеϾһϲ˽ʵĳϣǲŵġ
ٿۣԼ˳˳̫ѹвãͬһµĳ𻰡
ĿⲻסɫϼѵǳŮݣҲֻܿˡ
ʱѾĶʮӺȻվ
˶£ٶʵںۡ
¥һۣЩ΢Ц⣬ʱѲ˹ϵ
ʮعԽˣζǰ֪һϷ룿
ڳҲ㶼Żֻ꣬һȾͨ죬ϹŴЦ⣬˿ᡣ
δ˷ٵĳʱôӵۣҹҪΪʳսʿʮȴڼ仹δʼȵ˿ûоη֮ģ
ԽɣλʮȻײײվλϵ̫˹ȥ
Ǵʲô
ֹڶ೯̫ϥһڶŮҲ˹ȥһĸͬ߻ŮɫΪѿ
˵̫Ҳע⵽Ķü˹ȥе϶ʮڸʲô
̫ԼڶʮΪƫģϾڶŮФǸ϶ǡ
¶Ӹɳʲô񻰵£̫ҲΪʰһβ˭ûʱ
úЩˣĳϣֵܺġ
̫Ҫ˽ⲻĶӴȥȴѾ󲽿ǰͬ󸹱ĸ׵˶־һظӴ˱ٻ󡭡
ⷬڣ϶ʱѻȸ
ҪȰɵĳԭ˵ʲôӵϷӣⳡ棬ʵͷһؼʶ
¥̫ǿסЦ⣬ⷨӣҲǺˡ
˼þҲκβһ
ϴڼЦ⣬ʮֱ̫ץ˶Ϊ½
ڳ˵Ŀ̫ϣλ»£ûĵ˳ϱ߶ġ
̫Ȼ嶼㿪ȴѾԼĶ߬һѲ죬ɫ侹Ǳ˺һ
ۼԽԽ̫Ϻɫھ壬ʧݣݣ
ԸڻعҲ˲λʮƽػܳ裬ǰҪϽȥ
ȴ֪ĶƷ˼ǰֱֱ̣̫󣬿л˶
̫һ£Ҫ㿪ʱײյˤ䣬죬̼еݣ커ݣ
ֻһƬҡ
ʱ̫ިת֮һ˿ɫ
ĿͶϷϯλĳ£ɫҼУɢ¶Щ΢ڴ˽Ϣ
̶˲Ϣתͷȴδ֣ɫ΢ѵֻǴ
̫ި˼ãԭǳɵıλӣʵ˲²⣬
Ϸһڳ̫ԼĶ׷ȫȻʧ棬һȺͼֹ˼Żݣ֡
̫ʮŮһģһ͸˼ֻңһʱֻһƬ˼˵ʢ
ʱʿģⷬ棬̲סΪԼһյơ֣׿ɲ


232 
ƿ, һХϷһŵ˶ֹס˶
䣬궤˵ϣ, ̫µ³һ, Ĩ˰Ѷ亹
ĽŲ, ײʯ֮
ѭȥ, ֻθߴʿһþսɱ˲η
, ѰŮ, üĿļ
ɽгӸʿɨһ۷·˵ĶʮӣⲻǱϲĶʮô, ˼, ϵ˭Ҳǲ, ֻʲôˡ
̫ɫܲÿ, ǰһָ, ű¾һ, ټһ˱£ε𣡡
ԣֻЦһ, ɲǵòȵķ
òȵ̫ʱԼںˡ
ŮȿڣΪݣȻһζʮ·ô
˵, Ҳ̫˵ʲôʵ䣬ʮ̬ǶսĽʿкβ
ɸҲ̫ңʳ֮УҪһִˡ
˻һ̫ͷΪ֮һݣȻܣûд̫
̫һŵûĶӣƽյĳ֮ģŭȥһ٣
ԼҲĳ󣬿ƽչ̫ȫȻݣ
ڳĲгسʿǶǰ˼Լʧ̬̫̣ɷǺÿ
ʣҡʶԼʲôĶʮӲҰͼ顣
ǶôҶϣ̫ҧгݵ
˷Ըʱʮ˱ȥ
űסȥĶʮӣ̫Ϻͼʲôͬ飬˵ʧ֮٣ǰλԼݣʵڻ˲ûгŮӣҲǱӦɡ
Ӧ
̫Ϻͼ뵽֣΢΢ù죬ʶתͷһԼߵļˣֻ¥һЦ⡣
οԼֻɺϰˡ
Ѿȥ̫ԭ˳ЩתͷƺϷ飬ʱЩ˳
ߵɫǰһ£佫Ҫʼûһǡ
̫ȴѾԼĺöӻˣ˺ѣʱմ˲㵹ľҺ
佫Ҫʼȴõ£ǳ˲
̫ӦһżŮʱ¡
ɴ𵶵׵һϯȫͶ̽Ŀ⣬ƺΪԼһյơ
յһҡͷ̾ƻǵñ̳Ӻȴ
ŮվһޱǰȫȻûдĴ㡣
̫һµҲ˿ʼʱ
ۼûٷг˿ٳʲô⣬ֻܲˡ
ʾ£Χȵ书
£նʱࡣ
עĿ֮УнȺ̧ʮߴʯÿһʯϣա
ⶼǵսĽʿ
ϯ֮˶ٵĳվ²ʿʱҲʾ⡣
ģΪִ̫йǳ̣̫ϻʳ֮˵Ϊ鷳
ʱȥ˼ڵϡ
̫нӹʢҺľյ߾ǰ
Դ˱ƣӢ飡
ڳ֮Ҳյ֮㵹
ɶЩʯԱбʯȴսк󱳵ͬۡ
ѵö̫йʽһɵڰɡ
꣬ǵڣе̫µĻ˭ܰγڣ˭ܳΪһλˡ
俴һۣȡٴľյһŴ߶ɽ䡣
龳ʿǰŽסǰͨںڵĳ̧̨ȥ
ڣ
̧ȥֻͨīɫ뵶Ϊһ壬ڵƻâ
ڳǶɽϵĴܣѵҲײԦʹͷ
⵶ǺȥΪĪⰡ
˵ƵŮҲеѵ˵δһ֮ܽγ
˵̫ϻ岻Ϊ˽Уˡ
ڿǹϵĹθðķգ˰ε

˵Ŀⶼѵϡ
ۼڳʷϣ̫һԵ̫˾ǰԹ
Լȴǲ㳢԰εˣ֪֮һϣ̫һò
ϯĩβ̫Ϻͼֻӿ֣ƣһɥԵøɥˡ
¥ЦѲҲ̫ˣβǰһԣ
̫Ϻͼɥһصλ϶£СǲҪȥˡ
ֻԵķ
Ϸγڵʵڲ˱Ҳδõ˿ļǿΪ֮ӱ˵³
һԵ̫һɽپϣתɢѹΧԵ͵ʿЩ
߳һھ֮£ʲһ˲֮ơ
Ϊ˷ܽڳʣһСܿڡ
ΧʿˣɵסĿתؿǰһĻѵգҪô
ĿĹע£ͨںڵĳ񶯣ʱεɢ񣬱Ƶֻ÷˺Ҳæ˿â
ɨյ飬һƬǽ塣
ͼεסΣѪ
棡Сǰס
߰˰֣ʾԼ£ֻЩήҡ
ɽٴҲβѵ
ۼΣǰֻǶŵ֮ʿڶ֣ࡣ
̫Ҳ⣬ͻƺϵ֮ʱҲԹεȴûܳɹ˵ѵͰβ
漰֪ܣٶ̫ϻ廹ǲԹ
ͼε߿ŵڣڵҪγڣΪΡ
βܰγѵ
̫ިҲͷԶԶǰĺڳƺʲôڹ
ǰѵҪĶ
رԴҪģʲô
һ̣ϵĳҲ֮
ǡôʱߵĻ̧ϵֳϲ֮ɫѵԼǱѡеˣ
ֻҪγڣ󡭡
δ꣬ڱѳƿնȥһ󾢷硣
׷ѳۼЯ֮ϯĩżˡ
ϯ̫ިְϣԪӤ֣⡣
鷢̫죬̫ϺͼȫȻûܷӦֻһ󾢷棬ЩûƷɡ
תͷֻŮǰǰѵǼǰķ紵ѻ೤䵭ؿǰδ˿


233 
Ī, ǶɽپʿεҲΪɣѪȡһѵǰӦ治ɫ
ʱ, ˵Ŀⶼڶ, ĩϯϵŮ, л죬ŭ, ζһ
ںȾƵҲɶһ٣ӥüһ, 
վŮϲʲô, ȴԾս䳤
˭˾￪ڡ
ĩϯ֮Уĵ̫һ, ôδ
̫һ֧˵ϳ֮ˣԵ, ʮҵĺͼ
һʱ֮, ̫Ϻͼϡ
ΪһԵķ, ѵĹעۿԼ游Ҳ˹, ̫ϺͼüëƲ, ɥɸ
ˣֻĲŵӣֲ̫ԤС
̫ިǰ˿ûлطļ
̣·еŴߴ, ѵӵаγȴδж
ƫͷ̫ިмֵǣȴδ¶֮ɫ
ʦ, 鷳Ҳн֮
̫ިԵڲȤȤһγڣ֮һһȻΪ˿̽±⡣
δٺôȴ鷳£̫ިһϲ
ʱʿ̫ͣިǰٳٲȥĵڣɵ۵ˣѵŮΪ
ŮԪӤ磬ȥҲ֮λᱻѡУ
üáһ䡣
ô˵ѵʵǿ
ƵŮµĵλôǳ

ϻã֪ȻŪ̫ި˳ݣš
ʿҲδ˵֮
ΨһĿܱǸȫĩɡǳŴɵĵӻգŵĵӣкֵõڿеĵط
ݶվ̫һ񣬸£̫ˣǸСɵӣ˼䣬ʸε
仰ʱ̫˿ڸͣԸ⿴ŵС
̫Ŀ̫ިϣ漴㿴ֱۣ˸˵ʲô̸ɿһŻع
Ȼ̫ˣȻҲ޼̳еڵʸ񡣡
̫ڹϵ䡣
仰ԭεҲ֮첽̫ިŷŵڵ춯ΪŮܰγڣŶԣ
Ϊֳ֮ɫȫתڿеĵץ
Ҫ֮ʱһն
ɫһͣת˲㱻ɣܿƵصתءײбյǱſڵϣһʱ
ǿаγڵˣ̫á
һĻڳ˲̫һɫΪѿ
һҪβȡصڣ
̫̫ިķջĿ⣬ɵȻܰγڣ㽫ջذɡ
ôڶУ鷳̫Ȼֱ
û𣬽յоطϣϯĩȥ
ײθߴ߼һŨصɱ֮⡣
̫ͣިǰ̧ͷĿԣէ֡
һѰβĵɱκ˶һ㣬Ϊǵ̫ƣδܽڰγ
ĹиһѰβĵʵǸɣϵλľҲûʸ֧
ٶѵ˳ʵļ
ϯλԣͨŮӽŴֳء
ɶŵ̫ި˼һںϵǰԪӤڵŮƾ˿·硣
ʱͻȻЦһֺЦǵ׺Ͳմߣ׶˼֡
ε̫ި
ַ·ƽؾףڶͺ
ʣɣջصڣ£ѵΥɣ
һɨϵѹֻ¶һ㣬Ҳ˲޿ʵĵӡ
ǵŮ¡ɿ̫ǰ̫ϻʳľҲδа
̫ƣ뿪ˣ̫Ҳûʸʹ
⻰Ʋ̫ɫѿ⣬ȴָժʲô
çǺϵʿһԲ϶˴ûʲôס漰Σ̫쳣ѡ
ŮԣγڵˣһˡɵĿɨڳˣ£Ȱγڡ
ϵѹ޼ɵѹڳܲȻο˵ʲô
ٳԷԣֿ̫ިٴεε
̫ި̧ȴصΪҪ⡣
˰ڲ顣
Ǿܾˣ
ٶת˭Ҳû뵽̫ިܾɡ
Ҫ֪һγڣܳΪˣ˵ģɿǺϵΪĴܣ
ܷΪҪʲôֿɵá
Ҳһ˿֮ɫȻҲ⡣
û뵽ϻ˻ԵںȤ
̫ިվȻȻҲű㲻߶š
Ե¥ҲվңĿȥ
ˣһʱѻȸ
ľܾˣǿǵڰ
ô˽ڲ£
̫ިת뿪֮ʣٴζˡ
ڵԺ󷽶¥һҪ£αʿôĿⶢţ뵲סضᱩ¶ʵ
̫ިǰһ𣬽¥뻤
Ѹ̫ͣިʵʵȻ׶Ը⽫ΪѹԪӤ鷳
ﱩ¶ʵΪ
ۼˣж˼ζȴȫȻֹ
Ϊ⵶̫ިò˳סһ̣ԭ뵶һĵʾǾ䡣
ڵ棬һ죬ڵһˮڵƻӳ亮â
γ˵ڣ
һĻΧʿ㶼̲סվ
̫ިԼгĿѲ⡣
ӼҲδ뵽Լᱻһѵɡ
Ҳʱζ漴âӿ̫ި֮С
ΧһһطˣˣֻΪǵ
̫ިѻɫĳڷסǹʹδ˲졣
һ΢Ĵ׻ռüģ̫ި̧ϸ˼ʳ˼̻䡣
Ȼؿ̫ިü˪׹ȫȻ˶
˪׹˪׹ʧ
Ψ̫ϻѪܼ̳˪׹֮ӡΪԳŵӵŮϻֳ˪׹
ɺȻ룬ϵԼˡ
ǰһ̫ިǰԳ֮룺ɣϡ
ɱ󣬼˶ΪŮӴʿǰŲ
ɨս޲ʤ̫ިǰͷԵݼϣ


234 
̫оελ, ҹ̫ިڵۼ
µһ仰ڰѲ, ԾɲΥ
ɵ̫ިǰͷƳ, ʱΪ֮һ
ɫĿⶼ, ʼ֮ɫڶ̫һ˸ڲ˼ַ֮⡣
̫һ, ˭ûлԼгһܰγڣΪ, Ӵ˳Ϊʳ֮оص, ˰ݷ
ֻڱγγ, ȴ, βֶʡ
˪׹
ŵĵ, Ҳ̫ˣ
һ, һ񲻳˳ǣһѰջصں, ƫƫ, Ǳʧ˽ڡ
̫ҲЩţһۣȷԼûп
˪׹
˪׹̫ϻѪܾѵӡǣѪսϡ, ܾ˪׹ҲԽˣ̫һ˰ˡ
̫ިǰ˪׹ڳ̫һ屲ߵվ, ʵ̫һѪǳһ֧ĸǺˣ
ΣΪ̫˼̳Уûһʮ壬һϢ
Ůֻ˭Ѫ⣬µģ˵λµҲûˡ
̫һд˻ɣ̫һʮŮУиڳ֮ҵġ
ʱҪɵģָ̫ʲô¡
̫һɫãˣȻΪҪǽŮϹУһʮлɳˡ
̫ި̧֣ˤڵĵʱصУֽڹʣ̧̫һ壬޹ϵ
̫ĸףȴν̫ϻ壬ʲôڵͷ
˪׹Ψ̫һѪŻѣ㲻ϹУ㸸в㣬ԹˣԻΪ̫һֵ˵⻰ʱ̲סݺݵһ̫
£̫һ˶̫λһɫĴ飬һŮҲʲôֵ¡
̫ԼҲһɣǰЩȷùѵѪ
ˣУһ׮ˡ
Ů̫ʱվеض̫ިһЦ
̫ިĿϣеʶâ䡣
ƿնֱ̫ȥԪӤΪȴͣоѡ
ۼϷ£̫˵ɸ㶼֪δ㡣
һ̷ֱΪͣæǰһͺһƴȫǿеס˵ڡ
µ̫ˣһ̬ԡ
̫ިЦһ˼֮ɫڣ
̫Ŀ£һ£̲סŲŲ
Ůδ̫Щڳ֮ͷ
̫ϻʳĵϣԻʳĵ֣Ѿֹǿˡ
ôĵӣŹٷϳʾ⣬ʱԸָ𣬡µ棬㾹ҷףõ
ԻʳɷҴɱ£նǣŻͣȻʲô⡣
ܽǰһ
̼ˣ̧סڣϧδܿ㱻էֵĵˡطٴ̫ͣިǰ
ıѵˡ
̫ި̧ͷɨӹڳ̫ˣ䵭Ǻˣ̫һУûʸҸס
̫Ŀɨֻһ䡣
Ǹڣ
´ƫʱ˸ԣϡ
̫δڣǰһףڴˣ˭Ҷ֮񣡡
ɣ£ѵı治ɣ뷢Ұ׵ĳݺʡ
ЦΪʳս֮ʱλ֪ںηһֱδڵŮ䡣
̫УŲһʱʧ֣δסڣ..㣬黳С¡
ִˣǿʶĻɫ쳣ѿ
ŮЦһɫ䣺ʮкָ̡
嵶ִУֱͦһɱ֮ٲΡ
Уˣ˭֮
Ҳˣ̫ި뱻Ϊִ˵Ůӣɫ΢Ÿ鷳
һԵʮɫףٲ׿ڣĿ̲ס̫ިǰĵڣڷ߷߲ƽ֮ɫ
ԪӤΪкʸΪڣΪˣ
ڳ뷨ģ
ӿ̫ިǿѹסɫκ쳣صģһȱرԴ֮бԴӦŵԳʡ
رԴںϣɢ뾭ԹıԴֻɢҲͻơ
οǰ̫ި˫ޣǶ̶ʱ֮ڣľ羹ͻ֮ơ
̫ިٶ̧ת
վסλǰ˷ͷ׷Ҫ뿪ؿڣиǾ̫ިץ
ĿģȻһֱҵĵڡ
ҽǰڵһ̤ϵ𵴿ڵǶ֣㱻ˡ
Ǽ̫ϻһ֣£˶档
̫ިδͷһۣ֪ûз֣ȫδ¡
ӦǺߡ
ɿ̫ިıӰŮӵ£мФơ
Ŀɨ̫ȫȻ̫һԵ£̫Ů
ע£̫ި¥ȥɴ֣ʱ˿̣ڳ˸ǰ·


235 
, ݣ⹬
֣һģǰȥлס̾, һһ
ǰΪ, ϵҲû̫, ֻҪǻҪϪϽ˵Ļ¡
ˮ㸲, αЩˡ
֪ͬԼ˵ʲô, Щʱ, òѧϰȿЩĵ౨
ȷ, ߴԽ, Խʶһ㡣
Լ, ǰ, һֻġ
ĵȻʦ㣬뵽, 漴̲ס̾һֻʦҲ̫, ΪбʦĴȣϵҲ쿪ƽ̡
ʵڲԼı£ֻԸȻö⣬ֲԡ
ôع, Ȼһ
ʱʱӦв̻㱨⹬¾ɴ˹վȫδˡ
ü, תȣǰƽմ⹬ƫ
ȹͬŮһԵ߳ȹȾ˵ɺ졣
ัʹЩػδʶΣա
̧ͷԭڰ׷ֻһƬ׵īɫ֮׹ߡ
ͫ΢δüȻǰΪ֮ϣʱǿƹܣܡ
˲ϢذָȻ͸ĿڣѪȻȾ½ŵؿǰŮȫδع
ҲʱĿ⿴֮ļ塣
ȹϵɺ죬ԭѪ
ܵĿڴһԵľʹָѪҪǰᴩҪ֮ʱһĿ
𣬽Ѱ̱ˣȥ½ȻȫѪ͸
գʦµķġ
ʶɢ֮ʣֻʣһƬհס
Ĳ̼Ϣ⼸ϢѾˡ
ԸڴˣδԼӵ뿪⹬ڸ֮ܵʱ졣
̧ס̣īɫӿ˫ĿԸɵһ
ԸлΪԪӤǰȻȫȻֲˡ
ײϸܺˮȴ࣬Ҳʱīɫ˸
ัʹԸ̽Ż
̻ջ֣壬˼򵥵Ķȴ쳣ѡ
£ԼһѪ
ԸӣΪסѨƼأзĻסһ
Ҳʱٴʧȥ⣬ϮƺȫδܵӰ졣
ѾյԸѶɽپĴܺȻ֣Աס
̣濪ڣɲ
סһϲκα顣
нӡΣ°ˣΪ˲ٿء
ڵǰֳ֮̽ɫײ鿴м
Ѷϡмѵ³
ͬһʱ䣬Ͼڿ֮ϣŲصҹɫУ
ĵƻȥ·̫ިڣϾȣ͡
ԣЦһˣңǱӦ֮𡣡
̫ިûпֻǵҰγڲ⣬̫´˵ҲΪ
˵Ŀϡ
һĨЦ⣺ܴ
ڼȻ˳ôӦΪ򣬵ŮĻ˿գΪ·顣
̫ިɫͫв£Ҫ̫ϻΪУ
վ̫ϻʳĶ˵⻰δ£̫ިҲû
ЧҵĴ̫ϻ塣ɵɫЩ
ЧҵģʼգҲֻ̫һˡ
ֻҪ㲻㸲ŮͳһĻʳӦ׷㡣
ûʸ׷棬֮λδ֪
ʱӦˣˣûˡ
Щ˵̫ިҲ
ûжԣЩ˵̫ױû˼ˡ
ûȥˡ̫ިֻǵ
ΪôԣӦ
ü漴ֹס˽ŲӦӡ
ʮʿǸΪáζˣ鷳
Ͼ֮УԼûϣ̫ިΪˣƫƫˡ
ϾУɱ˾١
ڽҹӦ̲ס֡
ɴߵʿл龳磬ǸңԻ̫ިƽϾϾɽΪϵˣҲԶ֣Ǵ㳹˺
ҹɫУҹɷһ˻֦ͷᡣ
ڡ
İ֮УѪͺʪ˫̧Ī˾һ֮⡣
ŮǰΪϸɾֻദѪ쾭磬ɲ
ʹӹ룬ʼչصͷеϣҹ䣬˰γ˵ڡ
̫ϷǰĿϣһֻסĶߣ˭
̫뿪Щ̫꣬гԹΣҲδ˰γڣվˣ
Ůӣ˪׹̫һѪ֪Ϊ⡣ϲ²⣬ӦǵѪʹȼ㽫˵
̫Ů̫Ϸǰ˫Ŀ䣬ж̫ʲô⡣
γС£ȴһ׮ֵӵĴ¡
򣬱ܽ£֣Ǳ̫ǶʮŮгƵ۵ʱ
ٳЯǰ̫Ϸǰ׳Ը
ǡ


236 
̫ިһ̤ҹɫص, ʮ棬Ųʿ̲סͶĿ⡣
ȻЩҲǰĻ, ȥҲֻȼ, δ鷵, еĵӣǲ֪żϾʲô
ǰȥлΪ, ѹѰʿҲľѹȸСʱ׵ʿ, ʿ׷һԡ
ʦ㡭
СɽԶԶ̫ި, ̧ӭǰĿɨ, ڽ䱸뾯衣
ɫ, ñס˫, Ҳס˫δȥѪɫͫ
ި̫ͣި, 漴ü
̧֣̫ިûж, סԼ
֪ŰĻ, ɫ˼ء
Ӵ壬Ӧڵһʱջ⣬̫ިȴǿѹƣǿ, ѹƵڣҲгܲס֮ơ
ȴδǰ¶ֺ
ֱ̫࣬ިų׷
صġ౧סԼʱ, ͸һɰζ
ΪǼɷ㻺ƽϢ
ԣԶõҩ
ұ̱չأ񻹲ʱй¶ݣΪһ
仰ȻԴԡ
༫΢ص˵ͷɨһԵ̫ި£ڻУζʱʧԭء
̫ި뿪ɢ֮ϡ
ˣҲδڵӶ˵ֻԸǸԻطϢҹ²׳š
¥̧ͷŴ⣬ҹȴϢˡ
ҹɫţ֮Ҳţù֡
ӹ֦ͷӰͻأ԰ϮϢ
ӰζɫˮڶʿȻߣδ⵶⽣Ӱ
콫վڰڵĴȥܵһʱˡ
δȫȻĽ̫ިİΣ֮֡
Ҳһʱˡ¥ЦһΪյ衣֮ϾлҪˡ
ӹյһڣˣ
¥üǵ
⣺鷳Ҫˡ
˵ʲôʲô¥䣬˸ʷǰݻţ
Ͼϣǰݻᣡ
Ͼˣ
Ȼ⣬˿ôУȴֹʹͶ
һһĸߺ⴫¥ҡͷ̾ɣ鷳ˡ
ƾҹʦΪűעϾ֮ĬĬš
̫ިȻչأ±ֻʦʦ÷ˡ
̶̰գѾ챻Ͼİûˡ
̫Ϻͼʱ򵽵ģӣƲüëγһֵɥ飬ųˮ̲ס̾һ
ʵڲϲ֣ȴ游ԷԸҲС
ҹһʱͬŵĵӾȻ̫һѪγ˵ڣ֮Ϊ
һؼң̫Ϻͼ㱻гû޾ϸؽ̫ި˵ָ֪
Ϊ˵ĶѾ˵ˣЪһ˭֪ɽѲãͱ˺ק˳
һ̣̫Ϻͼ游ɨسţҪȥݻš
ǰݼʵڲ٣̫ϺͼԿ˿ʮϾ֮Ƶ塣
ݣ⣬ҲֻܵݸӣҲȥ
̫ϺͼԼӦҲֻݸŵӣ漴׼뿪ȴ˵ͼѡ
仰̫ϺͼһֲԤС
̵ػعͷ¥ЦݣЦһصѡ
û뵽Ҳˣҹ֮»δлһǡм׮̡˵ʲô¥Ȼֵ
ԣ̫ϺͼʵϣûпԼģϧ¥ȻôͻȻϹˡֻܶߣ¥ȥ
ǲŵˮ©˭Ҳӣֻ̽˳ٻһעⱻϡ
̫Ϻͼ¥ѡеĵù
գ̫ިڱŲ֪зʲô
֮УΧǴʿܿ˽ơ
ǰ̫ިڴϣתŹת𽥱Ϊá
رԴ̺Ȼ̫ިͻһС磬ϵҲһ֮ң
ֻǵرԴҲ̲סԼ۴еıԴԺζ
ǰδֹرԴ
߰ǰԭ֪ļС
رԴƬںϣ̫࣬ިܣһɺȻ֮
̫ިԶģڶطУвƲȥɷڽƽ
պ̫ިۣв֮ɫһϢӿڳ·ţڷ
Ƭ̣̫ި𣬶ɽ۷Ϣ˸һ˲ѹԪӤ
ͷ˴·ࡣ
Ϥģڷ˪ģ
ۣºЦ⡣
̫ި˳ָⴥ࣬ܵĽͶһСƬӰ۵˲͡
Ϊɷء
Щ̣ס̫ިָ⣬ǹǼ򵥵Ķȴ˾ζ
ã˲Ų߳⣬һֱʱ¶ϲɫʦ㣡
̫ިע⵽üĿڵļɫֱʵʲô
Ѷ̰ǻ磬ʹʿˣʱƣ쳣֮й
̫ިüҲδԤϵⷬʡ
ԣ÷ĵı̣ĻǸܼڣµȴǡ̡
⹬δ֪̫ި٣ֻȴѶСɽתϾе˲ʱ䣬ֱǰŽӵϢ
֪£ǽֲ֣óȻűչص̫ި
֪̫ި˷չ򲻵òͻƣԽߣͻʱʧܵķҲԽߣȻܽš
̫ިӹѶʶɨ鲻ʲô仯Կ̽뷨
̧ջ·ģ΢һ䣬Ѷӹȥ
̡
̫ިǰ̣ʱ̣ȻΪޡ
֮Ψִữֻء
ǰ̫ިıѾ̫࣬ǰģδػйϵĪãϵ£
Ϊ֮ᣬ֮ǴӺζ
ٶǰһսֱ֣֮ܳҲʱסڣ̤˽硣
ѵշסĽȻȣ
̫ި˼𽶼δԴ˼
ãʵ⼸İУ˵ͷʦºǰ硣
֮󣬱̫Ϸǰ׵
ʦҪǰȥ
̫ި̧ͷԶǣһǵ£
ȻҪȥصΪһݺ񡣡


237 
֮, ֱ۽ᣬѪɫͬѣ̫Ϸǰ, һȴԳ̬֮
ѪɫĶ, һ, ݻָòֻһ˫䲻, Ǵ˶һ㡣
ŭƷһ̫Ϸǰ״., еʹ޷ɽ, ֻǿгܡ
ǷˣҲʹϧδҵʵٸ, ֻǷš
ЩΥū, Ǹ
̫Ϸǰһ, , ò毺õŮΪ£ʱ, һ˳ȥ
Ůڵ, ɪɪȴĵĻҲ˵һ䡣ֻи³
̫ϷǰȻһū澵, ֱֱ̧ŮаװָȹͷҲصȥ
ϰΪǰһ޶, ϲκ
󽫸Цһһԣ
Ʋ̫Ϸǰ׵ģǡиֳ̫Ϸǰ˸գۻȵظ߾֮λ
ϧ޳ֻǷδȡ
һŮڣ޳Ͼ֮ɱ̫ϻű㵴Ȼ޴档
˭Ҳû뵽̫ƻڼλ֮ǰˡҵһʮ̫Ϸǰ׵׸̫Ϸǫiλ
˶̫ƫ̻Уδҵ۱µĽ̵Ůп۵
̫λ˱Ծ۳̫Ϸǫi
ƲƲ죬ҲûϾ⻰ҲǼΪˡ
ԸڲɣλһȴָѵĻᡣϾţɵɫ˼ء
Ůϲʲô򾡹ʳУΨڲ׳Ƴ뽫֮ʳͼҲ֡
οڻϹŴĵ伮زأ䱦β졣
֣ο֮˵ɿԼĸʵ
̶ˮδǳ֮·ùŹ֣֤Ůڣ룬ڼµӣ֮¡
ֻʧ٣ڱɽ֮ڣӦ֪ıʡ
Ͼ֮Уɽ
ûٶ˵ʲôϴѶ漴߸üͷСѾͷʲô
̧ͷٹʶ̽У漴Ҳüͷ
λϾȻ׻רֻɡ
Ҫʲôըô
ڣʣ̫ި΢̧һص
ͺըһԸʲôֵĵ¡
վǰֻһˡɶ̫Ϸǰ׵ը»Ҳûбãѡǰ
˿ﾰۣкκôʵ
̫ϷǰײΪ壬̫Ϸǫi̤ϵĴܡ
Ҵ˷ΪǵĲʹ졣̫ިƾУƮȻȥ̬֮
ֳĬһ˲ٿڣ㵽˭
һСڳԪӤʿ˼ʶȣ
ϣвô
ֿԼǰ̫ިüͷ˴ʱѾȷ̫ިǽ֮£ˡ
֪ġ
ڡ
̫ިתͷֵ֣̫µĻʳ棬ԽԽãô
̫ϷǰΪȴȨƺ޼ɣɷҲһһ̫ϷǫiڣڳҲΪһֻ۱һֻۡ
ɱġ
Ҫɱ̫Ϸǰף̫ިԣټ򵥲ˣζԵΪ
̫ިĻֲɳĬһ˲
֮ԣйؼ
һֱҪػģ̫µĻʳ񣬶̫ϻ塣
Ҫ̧˫ۺǳ
̫ި˴ǣ⡣
ΪʽҲǲΪá
ܽǷ춯ʱнֻһƬʢ
̫Ϸǰ׵ٳлмʱϾڵľˮȻ£Աȡá
бϵϵϾдŸֻ̫Ϸǰ١
̫ϷǰٳգŴ󿪣Ϻõ˿̵أԽ֮ҡ
⳵ˮǰ֮˿ﲻ
̫Ϸǫiĸ̫ϷǰܵһݣѾλյȨģ̫Ϸǫi
һգ̫Ϸǰױɸǣٻ
δҲǰһƬӾ󣬸æüŲմء
зﶨȻǲ̫磬㵽Ķʸ̫Ϸǰ׶Ȼû壬ʱǰ˵Щл
ſʱϾλȨصҲ
ϾһʮĹ˼ӵܡ
λѡۺûؾְˡ
ϼѾأ˷ȴֻһ֧뾰۱µķڰ

Σ˷ٳһʮ御ǲأ֮УҲһλ档
Ǿ۱صĵܵܣʳ֮ڣܵ
ҲȻôȴǴδǰ
λ⣬ǲԸͬ˶ġ
ǰ䣬˰γڣյƵŮµĻһԪӤСˣʵǵ²λ
ǰһԪӤڵС⡣
лУǰĿ𽥾룬̫ϷǰūʹӵϯУ·ˣ׷ʺá
ͷʾ⣬̫Ϸǰλǰ֣м⡣
ЩˣΪٶ
ָʱЩ֮
⿴ȥֻųǶ
ˣһˣϯ϶ھɫ
ո֣ɣɿϷдżЦЦζ
̫ϷǰĶΪǰһϢ־δ֮⣬ʱֻڻصǡ
һƲԼ󽫲ҪǰΪ٣
뵽̫Ϸǰһʹ졣
Ϊλ磿㲻⡣
ҿһ˵ص˵֮ΪĲŵӣλŮ
ϣ̫ި̫֣أ˲²⡣
˵ָָż۱ǿϴ֮λȻܶλ常
Χ˶ʱȻˣֲλˡ
ǳ֣һΪ̫Ϸǰ׺ٵĻӻŮѾøˡ
̣ڴ֮λϱ˸ǿĶ֣˻θ˵
׼ϯ֮ʣֻ԰һϸɤҵȷ֮Ϊ١
ʮƷ෱룬ӯӯǷƷ
̫ϷǫiԵʣ̫Լλ常Ǵ󷽡ϣ̫Ϸǰ׸ܵڶĿ⣬ǳ첻ѡ
УΣ
£мܱ٣̫Ϸǰװͷ̬Ȼлʹ͡
Ҳϯǿʱˡ
̫Ϸǰɨ·˭
ǰγڵĲСڣ
иͷ⴫һߺȣŵ
ţ
⼸֣ڳ˶һ
ǰϰγڵŮǲŵӣ
˵ЩʱգϾͶ룬ܣղžΪ١
Ȼλ󽫣
̫ϷǰЩãҪʱ̬ȣȫȻⳤ
뵽ǰǿѹסŭ⣬ƽСʧ֮
ڸɫζһĿ£̫ި԰С
ϣ໯Ϊ೤С߲ƣѾܽɷ㲻صױ˲ڡ
ϯ˾ǣ̫ި󣬾м̧ſ˸ߵ̧С
ǰĿһʱϡ
ǰγ˵ڵŮȴǾɫѵ
´͵͵ϯУ̫ިͣ½Ų΢΢̧̧֣֣б˵ϣֻ֪зʵᡣ
װľʲô档
̫ި̧ͷǰ̫ϷǰףϹЦЦɫ
Ŀԣ̫ϷǰײԾü֪ΪΣĪŮЩ졣
ڳϾȨʿܵ棬̫ި쿪ڣǰΪ١
£ַ䣬̧Ӧѣľмɣ¶
һӣһʽӣ˿ԷƳɵӡ
˶ΪԼˣֻڿ϶ǵȷһӡ
֮ʱһӣ
ʶ̫ިʲôɫֻ²٣Ѱ
ȴЦˣȷˣе֣
ͬһ뷨ҲϾõˣʵȡ
̫Ϸǰ׷ѣǰΪףٵĵȻȲ˳ٳ£ʵǻƣߵ׹ݣ
һֻۣ̫Ϸǰ䣬˶ɣжʱ졣λɲʲôؿǺϣǧֶζԸ
ضŭһҲδϴ֮λ
Ϊֺ̫Ϸǰףж콫£
ڵһ̫ިץһ龳ǰ𵴣ױ㽫⼸ˡ
ڴˣ˭ðҼϣɴǰ۽𣬴һԵѹȸС
Ǻϵʿ
ϯ֮˲⣬ѵϣ
ɣҪСô̫Ϸǰ׼ɫغʵһҪСǧУܽͷޣ
ȴŭ£ЦҼЯǰΪ٣δʲô̸һ֣
̫ϷǰױһɫϣԴ̫Ϸǫiϵλ޳ȥ޷У֮ڣ˭Ҫ֣ײð
ϣ˸һ
Сߵһ̫Ϸǰ׵ɫüܵγˮǴＷ⼸֡
̫ިЦˣȫȻδŭУҪߵˣѾˡ
˹˵ӣʵ䡣
£нѻȸ
Ů£ʵ벻
˵ϣ³ԭǲţȴǲ޿ܡ
Ͼ統ոһӵˣʲôġ
ֻʲôԹҪڽ£
˭֪棬Ȼ֮ʱ˵ڴһӡ
£ڳ֮ȴ˵ģ˺Ͼ֮УշֻҲİʲôˡ
ãã̫Ϸǰױ仰Щûҽ£
£ϢһͬϮ̫ި
̫ϷǰΪ˸йĴܲ٣ֻɽٱ
̧֣֣ƾΡڣʿ̫ܽި֡
ˣ̫Ϸǰ׵ɫѿˡ
ǽ²źá̫ިЦһһ


238 
̫Ϸǰϼⶶ, ΪʢŭԳŤһ˫ߡ
ô⻹ǵһǰ, κβ
ǸԪӤС, ΪΪô
λڴˣҪС·, ô̫Ϸǰ׿һϯλм̫һ, 
ǵ潫£˳ͷβЦ
, ̫һ弸ߵ϶һ, ҲЩ񻰡ô˵, ̫ϷǰҲǳ
һվ, ֻʲôᣬϾһѪ, α˽ţ
߶Ըֻúͺϡࡣ
̫ި̧̫Ϸǰ, ΢΢һȣγԱȣȴûʲôᣬ, ҪΪվ£һ
, Ϊҳġ
Ӧǵ, ǰϾʹ֮УַΪ˭
仰֮ʱϯϳʿ׷ױɫ
̫ϷǰΪˣǶǵ
һѾ³ɳû, й޳һУ̫ϷǰȨƽ󣬶˿Ĩȥ
Ͼ޳ּΪ˽ɡ
޳̫Ϸǰѿڶ֣һ̣ԹҪʵʡ
һ޵Ī޳
̫ϷǰԭãԼҶ²ʩСͣ˭иʦ𣬾ҽѵԼ
̫ϷǫiгĨȥ֤ݺ̫Ϸǰױη壬϶޳µ࣬ҲܽԼΡ
û뵽պ޳̽ϾʹֳҲã̫ϻҲãδܽ£ؿ޳ȥȫΪΪˡ
ҵ۳֣̫ϷǰҲԱס
ֻǴӴԺעֻˣն콣£ۺֱ޷̤;
Ψһ̫Ϸǰ׾óǣʮ䣬޳Сɽһ伣δ䡣
ŮֳϮλ̫Ϸǰ׵÷ڿԽ޳ִ߳Ĩȥ
δСɽ䣬ҶҲԴĿڣ
̫Ϸǰ׵֪ϢʱҶѾСɽɽһսΪȫʧ˿ٽСɽ¡
˭Ҳû뵽̶̼䣬СɽɳΪеȻǱ֮£̫Ϸǰ׻ڰгһϧٳһͳ
˵⸰ǳ֮Լ̫ϷǰױСע䶯ȷ̳Сɽ֮λ᲻Լ鷳
˼ϵΪֳ̫ϷǰҲöô£οΪ˻ʳ棬̫ϻҲϾɱ
û뵽δ֣Ȼ˴ˡ
̫ϷǰĿѵ飬̫ިֶЦ΢䣺޳δܱĳ𣬽գ
޳ʲôϵ̫һʶʲô
֮ȴҹҵۼ˪׹һѪɰ
ѵ޳塭
һʱ𣬹̫ިȻĲ롣
ɷⷬԻɫһ̫ͣõĽ֮һ
޳
Ⱥ֮УǽĿ̫ިϣݣʲôǰô
ʱ̫ިתǿھ޴ͭӱƾն
ϸߵĹɽ֣Ͼˣ̫Ϸǰм
̫ިֻԪӤʿвȴ˼ӣͭӭҲֻһǰת뽫֮¡
ͭӵһ˲ͱɫһɾ޴þҲ޷ֹסͭȥƣƵȥ
ԪӤʿеô
ˣ༸Ҳæ֣뽫ͭ£ϧһͭײڼϣɲǣ価ˣ˴һײ̫Ϸǰϡ
ƶʿʲôںΪ̫Ϸǰ׶ԣôһ±ǿҪ
³ͻȻȡ
ˤڵϣ̫Ϸǰװ嶼ͭѹڵϣáģĺ񱻷˿ǵڹꡣ
Ѫ嵽ϣ̫Ϸǰһǵͨ죬ʵƻգܵͶĸɫߣȴŻѪˡ
޷к̫Ϸǰױ㼫Լ棬ΪΣһҪǰͷƫƫգȴɨء
ϣ
æְ̧ͭ˽ŵط̫Ϸǰס
̫Ϸǰ׿̫ިĿ޲ý̻ҧгݵɱ˭ɱҶԱ׵СҶͣ
˭ɱʮƷʯ˭У
ʵڿƴֱʣʮƷʯǶʮҲΪ֮Ķ
ٿ̫ި·ߵʯ
ڣ˭Ҷ˳֣
ΪݣΪԼв²⣬
ָδŶԱף̫Ϸǰȥ˵Ҳı֮ģ
̫ި̧ٶһڻٴУ뵲̫ϷǰǰǺˮһ㡣
ʲôʱ̫ϻʳλϵˣ㡣
дżݺӵĳŪֱ̫ϷǰŭϽһͰ͡
См⼸֣ȡ˿Ƶʯ
Щƣ̫ިĿ⿴Ҳм־
𣬽ݺᣬת͸ʮΣա
Ǻ⣡ŭʣǿɻ
̫ϷǰóȻƣ˭֪᲻꼰ǡ
λֻԭȻ£ҪԸģֻСŭĵ̫ϷǰѾ˲ʲôȻ޳йϵͲ߳
ۣ̫ިϮһƱڶ๩ǰϵко⡣
˽Ѿż״ӿ֣ƺƵ֮£ʮ˵Եࡣ
ЩǾ۱͸
¶ܵܣڶ̫һʵЩۺ졣
һ˵õȮ죬⻰ٲˡ
Ů̾һˣҪŮڵ
޳˭·ᵽ֣ɱġ
Ҳ˵Ǻˣ
նǺ޳ⶼǰľˣЩСǲ֪˵£в˼ꡣ
Уû˴ĵ̫ϷǰףͬҲû˴ʱΪ̫ި֡
Ŀڶ̫ިϲδֳɫ̫Ϸǰ׵һȻˣ֪Ϊ㱸ĵڶںδ
£̫ϷǰжȻԤУʲô
̻𡣡
̫ިǳЦ⣬̧֡
Ҳһ˲ĶȻ
ⳣΪ˽֪޾ֿǻչΪס
ʱϷᷢʮԭͷķӿĻ·ĿϾӡ
˲ϢĺӦ֯·ڰǻһ󷨣ϡ
ը֪ͬʱƼ©֮Ϊ֮
һظĴ죬ԭķ鿪⡣
ɢ֮ʱвķȻһڸ߿տһһ̻
̻ȴǱһȤ
ըУԺǽҲ֮Ȼ
̻ӳ̫ϷǰϣŸۡΪ棬ֻס˺ļҲ
ϯ̧ͷһĻĿɿڴ
ʲôϵĽƿǵ꾰۱Լӹ̹ģͱô̻ըˣ
̫ިվԭأķһȹǣǺȻ
һ̣˿Ŀɶྴη


239 
̫ϻʳϾ, ǵһ˵ڶȨܵ棬ըһ
ɼһĻҲֳһɫ, ֪̫ި, ȴû뵽ֳ㶯
ǿƽĽҲ, ̫ިȴ֮Щó׵ס
̻Ǻÿ, δ̫ЩжͷЩͬؿը̫Ϸǰס
ⳡ, Ҫ̹, ˡ
ɱ̫Ϸǰڻعڶź仰״
õźڼ׵ǰ, гű亮â, ȥΪѵء
̧, Ҳ첽ǰ, ̫ިС
ŰΧնʱһ֮ơ
ϾǾѡ, һж, ֻҲռϷɣ
̫ިɫ, ƺĽܷһս
ʢ£ȴǻһˡ
˵仰ת, ҡһһķ϶ѿڲµҲ¶ǰ
̫ިȥƣȻֹΪһʱʹ졣
̧һУҷֽŽΪ岻ܿƵشӵ°ڷ̫ިУס˲
ķɫ겻ĲҰף̧ͷƺΪʹ˫Ŀۡͷ̫ިЦΪٿڴżɳƣʦ㣬һֱڵ㡣
һֱڵɱ
̫ިδΪĻݣֽȥǶԴһ
ڵ棬سңһţȴЦŵġ
¥ڴˣԼ֣ᷢĿ뵱СɽϵĹӺûʲô
⻯Ŀȡڱ塣
վµζʵڲӺ룬⣬Ҳûбˡ
԰ָסһƹ⣬Ц⽥󣬿ΪŹ֡
һĻ̫Ϸǰ׵ɫ˵ǳ׵ľʧ룬Ժڼͣ£
漴ֿ̫ި
仰˵˺ѷΣЩϷŭ뾪̻ϣγı顣
̫Ϸǰ̬ȣ˲Щ֣ǺˣΪ
ϸӺױܷ̫Ϸǰ׵üĿżФơ
Ķӣ
λҶûһλ
ֽΪʵڲӣǽ
߻ڱֽŵϣӺ̧ͷ̫ϷǰףһĨŹЦ⡣
û뵽ңڴ˴
ȻǸӣ
ӣΪڻͽһ㣿
̫Ϸǰ״Ŵ̫ި㽫Ż֮£ɲƽϣ
̫ިԣֻЦЦؿһԼĶʲô˵ô
̫Ϸǰ׺ֹǿԣ޲ھͽӺڡ
ֻܣӺڣܳ¡
ӣҪԣ̫ϷǰضŹӺĿдʮвζ
Ӻȴη壬ЦһзʵʲôǸΪ٣ӵٸ̫ϻͬ㵱ٸˣ
£ϯŶʱ漴Լ̫ʣ˵ʲô
ٸǺ⣿̫Ϸǰ׵ٸǺ⣿
̫Ϸǰ񲣬ŻὫڵңλϲԣ
ֻǴʱʧ̬Ӻеζֵ֪˭
ڳߵ̫һ俴̫ϷǰһۣԹӺ˵
˵գɽپѹкѹסڶ
༸̫һҲͬʱ֣ȻǶ׼úһӺҪ˵ʲô
£̫ϷǰǿӺ˼ܵ¡
ѿɫӺЦʢ̫ϷǰвĿ⣬˻ڡ
ΪϺ̫ϷǰױֻԸ뵤ҩǿٵĵҩµԽ࣬ЧҲԽңЩҩȻϹӲдȴ޷ֹ⸱ǵ˥ϡ
̫ϷǰֻؿԼһ˥ϣͣĿǣ߶ǼܶҪɢܡ
θԼˣʱ̫ϷǫiѾλ٣һڴսᡣ
ҪָʱǣΪ˿ԲֶΣϧһдۡΪ˴ﵽĿģ̫ϷǰڸſͣͻΪԼı
̫Ϸǰ״Ѵӳȥʯûа׷ѣ꣬иħΪ˷ӡ
һ˶ϼѵʿΪ̫Ϸǰ׵ٸɱ񽻻ȡԷˣ̫Ϸǰ׻ָʱǣҲ
ɱĿҲǰ£٣Ϊٸʿ̫Ϸǰ״ѪԵҽ
㹻ǿʿдܣǸ׿δɳС̫Ϸǰ׶ϵģȻǺߡ
ز۵Ŵ٣ֻҪ㹻Сģһпֻ⡣
֮ǰһٸ಻ʮ;ƿݣλϿһ㣬ȥЩ꣬ЩٸģжλСӺЦ
ⷬ˶ڵ²̫ˣʱҲ
Ӻ̫Ϸǰ׺޲ýԼƤǵɫá
̫Ϸǰ׵׶ӣô̫꣬ϷǰµĶӲ٣ٸģ˰ˡ
Ӻʵû֣һٸҪ֡Գ㱻һУա
УʲôֻҪšֻҪԽߣٸʱűԽ
ֻţʵ̫Ȥˡ
֮УңСĿٸҲһ֮д̸ʷ飬ܿķ羰
֪ͬЩͬﵽԼĿġ
һ⻯ز۵ӤݣܹϾ֮С
ҲԼ֣йӺ
ϣѣӺģ
£̫ިǾ⻯ʱӺ֪̫ãԼĿıܴɡ
̫ިڷֹӺʱѾµ÷
ǰһ׮£̫ϻҲ˵Ϊ̫ϷǰףԼ׶УǸٸ׶ӡ
Ҳһգ˲֪ȥţ̫Ϸǰ׵ٸģ̫һ׿С
̫ިѡڽգѡ̫Ϸǰ֮ʱһ̫˵棬ҿܡ
ҪĴֹ̫Ϸǰ׵


240 
λ, Ϊı޺ͬ壬ӺЦ, طʵ
̫һ˵߳Ĭ̫Ϸǰ, ѹŭ⡣
йӺⷬ, ̫һز۵ϣƺ
ǵ, ⣬ǡ
УڳصС, ޷, ޶á
˳˫Ŀվ̫ϷǰʵҼ׿Ȼȴʧ٣, ֱʣ
ֳ, ȴɽ, Ϊʳ, ǲҲйأ
ǲʮǳ䣬ʬҲδѰ, йȻİ

ڶʵĿ, ̫Ϸǰ, Щֻǰͷ밲ˣҲ̬˵
Լд̫Ϸǰ, Զֻῴ档
ⲻһ֮ʣ֤֮£Ҳʱ
ֻҪɱңͿ֤ٸһ١ӺٴοڣʼչżЦ⣬֮Ϊ⣬Լ㲻ʲô
˵ʲô̫ϷǰȻɣ
ǹӺˣδ׼һٸ£ʱܵɣ
˷Ӧʵ˹Ӻԡ
̫һһλֱȻİ𣬼ɫ̫ϷǰףͬΪٸף棬ǧҲΪ
̫ϷǰŨŨ裬
ϴԲסһͳɤ𣬺ϵѹк£˲Ȼ
ڻ֮ʱòʵϯ䡣£üĿϡ̫ܿϷǰмơ
۱£ʧ
ΪѰΪͻƣô̫ϷǫiڱչУǰջڴˡ
̫ިع곤ԺӺݡ
̫Ϸǫiȥʵڲ̫ĸףΪһбҲˡϵʿ̫¼ȥҲԴʢ꣬òδ仯
ǰϯݣ׷ְ̧£е¡
²ǳʿʱ̫ϷǫiǸмӡ
Ψһûж˱̫ިˣ䵭ؿӭ̫Ϸǫi鲻˿Ŀԣ̫ϷǫiɫԿ˼Ρ
֪ΪΣǰŮһˡ
һѾ뿪ٶˡ
̫ި֮£̫Ϸǫiƺƽϣ̫ͣϷǰߣϯһ񣬿ȴֻƾһ֮ʣ֤Ҫ̫Ϸ
̫Ϸǫi̫ި֮⡣
ը̻Ķ̫ϷǫiǺǲˡһ̻ܵܣǽձض
̫ި΢̫Ϸǫiˣһ񣬲ź÷ϡ
ֳ̫Ϸǫi֣̫Ϸǰ׶ʱ˵
ԭ̫Ϸǰ׵ˣںϵ̫ϷǫiǰϢǿΪʱǷǺڰױȲʵ֡
̫Ϸǫi̬ȣȻһҪ̫Ϸǰ׵ġ
ǰ׻²ˣҲﲻ̫ϷǫiϯʵȨ̫һϣֵԻϼӹ̣ܽзλиĹĻᡣ
϶һۣȻ仰˼Ϊ˱̫Ϸǰף̫Ϸǫió㹻档
̫ϷǰףȻʵʵġӣܸΪ߿ǡ
һĻӺЩ̡
̫ϷǰһԵ£ԼͶһ̥ȻĸţȴһܸȨƣΪʰ̯ӵֳ
ٸֻ֮ǣ̫һ壬Ҫûпܡ

Ӻ̫ިһЦ뽫ҹԼǲӦġ
̫ި̫һʩѹ̫Ϸǫi̧ߣҲʱˡ
̡̡̡
гƹԹʼ𽥴Ͼ
ǡŹģ˶һۣӶԷĿп֮ɫ
̫ި߹ǳЦ⣬Ϊ̫Ϸǰ׼ģ
Źǵ̫裬ԩ޴ߣϾŹģʱ̫һʮһ֮ͬ¡
ǰµŹŹҲΣǣҪ
գǵŹĵ
Ź£糾͵Ůǰ棬һعһ£ƺڷйʲô
ԣŮɴ棬ǵ˺ۺبϣɴ͸ۼ
»һ·ࡣ̧֣ЦŮһ
»عֻȹȾŰ߰Ѫ֤Ͼһ·Ϊ̫ƽ
ϷԸࡣ۲תһĨЦ
һս¶ĴˣȻҪЩʲô֤Լ
ĵŮͣס֣ͷᣬΡ빬ǸڣݷŵӷϬڴ״浱̫Ϸǰף
仰ʱϾǣһ̣Ȩǰգ£ķȥ
ŹѾа겻˰ɣһΣһٶǰˡ
Źģ״
ݷšҺ˵
ˣǰЩʱղ˵ݷضⷽűи𣬻вٳΪֲ±鰡
״һдԼѲ˹ϵˡ
ڣ˾㶼ĿͶ̫ϷǰףõŹĵģС¡ݵضǣ˳ǧ
Źһ죬֮´СԻɵʮѡۺʼĩҪʳ¡
٣״˱ҲҪеӦ𣬷ŹıʧȨŹĵУض㹻ָ̫Ϸǰ׵֤ݡ
Ź죬̫ϷǫiҲ޷ѹˡ
ݷš
̫ϷǰҧŨŨ衣
ˣǶøɸɾôΪλ©֮㣿
̫Ϸǫi쳹ϾǾ仰ϲŭѱ棬һۼࡣ
㡪̫Ϸǰ׿̫ިм⼸֣˫Ŀ졣
֣һֵݣ
Ŀʹ̫ިϣһУѵǰŮΪ
̫ިЦûзϣʵұµɻϲ
ٸһ£Ҫ̫һ壬֮£Ҫˡ


241 
仰, ̫Ϸǰ׳ʧȥǣ״
ȻȫˣԼһ˿Ϊ, ޿̫ިĶ֡
, ̫Ϸǰױ㵹˳ȥʱֽ˽ס, ˤһĽų졣
̫Ϸǫi˹Ŀ, ̫ިһǳϽֱֶʡ
ŵ̫һѪ, ˪׹, ϰγڣ߲ꡣ
֮󣬱ڰ̫̽ިȴһ
СŶţë, ҳһС, Ѷȿ֪οű̫ިȡ, ϵȷи, ȴûʲôϵġ
£ἰ޳ԨԴǰ, ̫Ϸǫiߵ
޳
, ̫ϷǫiȻû˵ˡ
ξž޵, Ҳֻһgʢҵ̡
תͷȥ, Ůɫ䣬ɽ֮겻˪ѩ
̫Ϸǫiһ˲Ȼ㱼䣬ƺˡ
ҲʱȻ̫ިǰ漴Ȼ֣ɫֻһƬ
һϲơ
̫ϷǫiĳǸ벻ף̫ިճıĿĻҪ׿̫Ϸǰ׵
µһ㲻
̫꣬Ϸǫi̻Ҷ²δܵһ
̫ϷǰΪֺ֣γǰס
ˣ̫ިҪ׿ڶ̫Ϸǰ׵Լȥ
̫ϷǫiϮ֮ʱ̫ިϵ΢΢Ť˫Ŀ⣬תʱȴ̫ިֹס
ǰһӭ̫Ϸǫi
ϵĴײޱɢΧʿæתסԼС˱Ʒȥ
˽֮ʣ̫ިȻվɱײķѻ೤վԭأδзֺҡ
ע⵽һĻ̫ϷǫiɫһԪӤˣ
ֻǲһ̽һװ𣺡ס֣
Ƕѭȥģ΢΢Ⱦϼ˪ɫο࣬Ԩsһڳܼ
ҪϢǱ̫ϷǫiɻҪǿϼ֡
Ǵʿ
ڿò˾ҵ۱£
ҵ̫̫Ƶĸףǰλ̫ϷǫiԴڹбչأͻƣδǰ
о˿˳ͻƴˣ˻ɣҵȻ䡣
ڣҵ۾Ȼ
δڸϢһ̣ڳ˶ɱɫ
ˡ
ҵѾͻ˴ˣ
ҵ۵ĳȴ̫ިԤ֮⣬û뵽Լ
̫Ƶĸף̫ިӦһ游
ʱ̫ϷǫiɫȻָ̧һ񣬹¡
ҲƽЩ˭ҲƲϵɫҵ
λҲǻʳµˣҪ̫ϻʳôҵʵ
ɵͷҶԡ
ҵֿ̫Ϸǫiʱ䵽ҪΪԶԼС֣
̫Ϸǫiֻܱտڲԡ
ҵûж˵ʲôһԵ̫Ϸǰףһ˹ȥ
һҲΪ̫Ϸǰ׷ɳԶſڵϣһΣҲС
̫Ϸǫiӹһ˿̣ȴΥҵۡ
ˣʵ̫һĳ衣ҵĿȻ̫ϷǰУٲȻˡ
漴̫ި´һ󣬲ſʵǰγ˵ڵС
̫ިĿ⣬ƽǡ
ʵ㹻⣬»Ҫл㣬Ϊ̫һ壬档ҵ˵⻰ʵѱϲŭ
֪һʳ³
Ȼϣ֮塣
һֱڽ￴Ϸ̫Ϻͼʱ̲סΪ̫ި˰Ѻ
纣һ㷭ƣ̫ިȴδҡ
Ƭ̺ҵۺȻѹЦǶ̫Ůڿȴǲˡ
̫һѪӦϹУͬҵм񣬲Ůɣ
˻һкȻѻȸЩŹֵĿ̫ϷǫiϣۿǹƵŮΪӣҪŵҵ۵Ůǡ
ԭҵ۳ϲŮ϶ӣϲŮô
̫ި䰲ҲҵһʾסˣŮⱲֺЩˡ
ϯĬ֮ʱһŲ
Ů࣬¡𽡢¥Ҳ̤С
Ůһǰվλ̫ϷǫiݷŵӷϬڴˣ״̫ϻʳ̫ϷǰΪһ˽¾ŵӣضʹ󾰵۱Ϊҵ
˵գߵףͷ棬һ졣
ݵ²㸴ӡ
ڱʲôԺյţͻضˮ࣬ʹԲ˲أϾ֪֡
ڵضǰ̫ϷǰݣоţΪϱ
һСɣԭûʲôõۣ¹ȴڷٽĺ£һԴ
ԴƷʯɵľһȫԴĿֵΣԲض˵Ϊޣôض֪
̫ϻʳɷԴڷŽڣǱӦϽɸУ߳ɹá
̫ϷǰҪģʮɡ
һ±볯Уܵеı̫ˣƫƫ¹̽Դ֮ʱΪżλϲ˶
ȻˣǱ㶼ȥɡ
һ̫ϷǰУأʿ¾һգΪڸǺۼαһض
֪ķż϶ǳضУ֪ĵҲδӹ꼰ĻзΧİա
̫Ϸǰ˽ģˣ
̫ިǰ֮ʱɻǰȥ̫Ϸǰ׵Ķ˾˴ӷΨһӵضĵӣϬ
׷ɱϬ˽󣬻·˲ٹ򣬲Ž˰ȫϾ
̫ϷǫiǰϬȡ֤ݣѪ
ĽѾ׳϶һƬȻ֮ɫ
Ϭ֤ȷ䣬̫Ϸǰ׵ǲݱ粵
뾰۱Ϊͬţ˺İգϬ˵գٴߵȥ
ŭɫĳվ̧һݣ̫Ϸǰף
̫Ϸǰף
漴վΪĻʳֻֻΪ̫Ϸǫiǰͬ
һĻ̫Ϸǫiþԡ
һԣҵȻƺδгԵĴ㡣
վģ̫һڶϣһʮ壬ϾʵȨĳ
̫Ϸǫiۡ
̫Ϸǰףкͬ壬˽ݴʹʳ޹ɥŵһŸﵱãۣ
ſڵ̫Ϸǰʢ˿־壬ѵֳҪ
ܣ
̫Ϸǫiǰ˼Լֳ֣ܵܣΨһ׵ܵܣ
ӦᱣҴƽ˳ݣĵģ
̫ϷǫiΪ־ŤĿ±Ȼӳ
̫һǻ壬Ҳ˶ޱȨƣ˲Ƕϣδٺô
̫ϷǫiĸĸˣΪһϴʵݣһؾΪˣú˫˫䡣
ݣ̫ϷǰøԼֳ
ô̫ϷǫiãǿǷ̫Ϸǰ׵ġ
길ĸݣӦչ̫Ϸǰףôһֱġ
ϧգ̫ϷǫiҲ޷ٱס̫Ϸǰס
ĿɨڳԸˣ̫ϷǰΪ֤ȷ䣬Ƿŭ֣Ҳݡ
ȥ֮λԽʼ壬١̫Ϸǫiһһ䣬˶̫Ϸǰ׵о


242 
̫Ϸǫi֮ʱ, ̫ϷǰʧſڵϣƻԼıˡ

ǰԼֳ, ȴѺ, ˽Էֻü³һ֡
̫ϷǫiȻ׿ݶλ, ЩȻٹ˼ʲô
̫Ϸǫiоڳڶʿٴ°, иߺʥ
̫Ϸǰƽ£һ֮ѻ𼸷֮飬ȴԶ³ͬ顣
Ϭϯ, ͷΪ̫ѾһƬ, ȴоһ㡣
о֮ʱճȭ˫ɿ񱻳ȥȫ
̫Ϸǰǻʳ, һλʵȨֳ, ̫Ϸǫiʲô, ܵܶƫ̻, ֮ӻΪݡ
̫Ϸǰ¹ȻŰҲǵСɨβô, δץסصİѱ, ٸ
˷ǰϾ, ϬǱľġ
ǸһżȥĹŮкʸ뵱භе, ˡ
ϬηֻǺԼҲ̫ܽϷǰΪԼ¸Ӧдۡ
ͬţھ֮£ΰߣ
Ե³ǰ֮ʱϬڶݵԥ󣬱ѡš
ֻҪ̫ܽϷǰ׸ۣʲôԸ
գڵõ˱Ӧ£޹ݰգڿ԰Ϣˡ
Ϭ̫Ϸǰףг޻ſ⣬ȴǱ
̫Ϸǰ֣ͬţ׵ĳǣȴԶҲܻˡ
̫Ϸǫiһ۷Ϭֵ˺ʵΪã鳭ãؽţݵضѰա
Ϭ⻰ȴδм㣬̧ͷȥˮ䣬ϹЦ⡣
ӺЦЦؿһУɫ
Ӻ𽲻֪ʱߣڽг֣дɭȻ⡣
¶ʮ꣬СɽӺ֮ͬıСɽʱǰϰٽ𵤵ʮһ
һѪծСɽ£
ԶǵãЩǰһջʦĵǣһձ㻯һ߾߱ʬסлеӣΪ˸ͬȡһѡԱʬҲ޷ȫ
ǹӺǷСɽѪծ
ʦáӺڵϣֽΪ̬ҲǰȻ̧ͷĿϣƽػһ
ƽЦ⣬ֻһƬ˪ѩؿһˣûʸҡ
ҪñʦøøЩǡӺ飬·лҳһЦŵ
û˵
СɽӵѪڿԱˣȴжˡ
ǰһֱ׹ӺΪʲôҪСɽ֪ˣȴԽóء
ȻˣӦҪΪԼһиۡ
ϵĵˣ˭ҲӲ
˶Ķ࣬¥ͷ鵭
Ϊ겻֮ʣӺɫ쳣԰ףҲ˿Ѫɫ
Ц˲ػʹЩ
Ӻſ֣·ʼմżЦ⡣
ܻſһ̻ʵڲ
ɲǣ谵ĵΪۡ©һƹ⣬Ӻ̧ͷ⽫˫Ŀ̵ᣬ̻
ð
Ӻٴ̧ͷ֣ҡҷŵ죬׽סһƹ⡣
ΪԼѡõĽ֣Ӧ˲ǡ
һĨذĿڣֺȣذһ룬ѪɫȾʪƬ½Ƭʺ쿴쳣Ŀ
Ӻƺʹһ㣬ذԼĿڻתһȦƬƬѪЦ̫Ϸǰס
𽿴һĻͫ΢
ԭأӲ¥ǰһǰ
һ̣Ѻס̫Ϸǰ׾ûѪţѪƺҽ
һ쾭ƤϹһߣ漴ϡ
ô̫ϷǰؿӺ
ٸ֮Ȼ̫Ϸǰ׻ָʢ֮꣬һһģеñضʧÿ£ȡٸ˺̫Ϸǰױܵɣͬһ߸ʬֻܶĵҡ
һٸ𣬷ɱء
缸ǰ̫ި⻯˼Ӻ壬̫ϷǰױҲܷ֮࣬ǻʬʱʱܾʹĥ಻ѡ
£Ӻ̫Ϸǰ׵ٸһ̫ϷǰҲˣˣǰضܷ֮ࡣ
̫ϷǰΪʹڵϷţѪòҲɱΪԷţѪڽɣֻʣһƤڰ׹ϣǿɲ
ˣԭѺһʱҲֹס˶óȻ
̫Ϸǫiæǰס̫Ϸǰ׵󣬽䣬ͼѪٶȡ
ֳҡ̫Ϸǰ׺мһ䲻Ļ
ϧѾˣ̫ϷǫiһʱҲ벻ܾİ취ֻ̫ܿϷǰ׻ʬʹսᡣ
СɽҶ̫Ϸǰ׵ԹڽգҲ˽ˡ
¥ǰӺ࣬˴ʱҲЩӣۿŹӺڡ
ӺΪĿڴľʹȻ޷Ц⣬۵ȴһƬƽá
ǾãʵЩ
̫Ϸǰ׵ĶӣֻǸеķˣôͲһڰյĵ£һ߲ɵٸ
ǹӺ
бӿѪҺȾƬ½󣬹Ӻ¥ƿĿ⣬Զ̫ި
˫ۺ䣬һ統Сɽ֮ʱ
Сɽӣ
شʦ㣬ȷСɽӡ

ϣֺô
ӺӲΪԼºڣΪ̫û˼ˡ
Ӻݱʦ㡣
˵ţ̫ިķ򣬻ȥ
ע⵽ӺĶ˵߶̫Ϸǰϣ̫Ϸǰ׵һٸʵûʲôֵĵĵط
ͷԶȥ
ۡ
п
̫ިδʲô仯ڹӺ̫Ϸǰͬھ֮ʱת
δ߳ҵȴͻȻǰ·ŵ飬㿼ǵΣ
ǻû뽫̫ިŮ뷨
лҵۺ񰮣ˡҵۣ̫ިδҲм鸴ӡ
չҪϻ̫Сҵ
Ҳۼ䡣


243 
ҵ仰, ̫ިδӦϹ̫һûκȤ
ɽȡ, ͨīɫĳ, ̧ͷҵ۵Ҫ, 㾡ȡ
ҵԽ˼жɽϵΪʿ, ޷֮ȴ̬ȣȫ⣿
뵽, в֮̽, ֱ̧̫ިȥֻĿĲڵڡ
õҲٲһԪӤʿˣ, ֮ʱ, ̫ިֳɫġ
է, ̫ި, 漴˾ҵ۾ʹ˱ˣ
ʲô
ҵݣһһйעţһĻȻҲδӹĿ, , ˶ɲ
˪ӡ̫һϾڴʱʧ̬վ, Ͼ֮ɫ
̫ިŲԼܵɫģҲȻ
Ϊ˪ӡͬ˪׹йϵô֪̲ס׷ʵ
˪ӡ, Ψ֮䣬Żʩá̫Ϻͼڣһ˫Ǵżɥ۾Ϊȱƽʱࡣ
̫һϴʱɫģ૵˪ӡ
Ϲ֮ʱ޴жѪ̫һ崫Ϲţ޴еõó˪ӡ֮
˪ӡʿѧ򡢾ɣӡֱӽܳУеԽһݾ
Ҫһö˪ӡƱغķĴȻҲֻ֮Żʩá
ҷǵãҵ۱ֻڵŮ¹˪ӡΪŵϻУ
ҵһֻ̫һŮ谮󲻾ã˴е˪ӡ
̫˪ӡҵ֣Ϊ衣
ͻأϾŮϣΪλҵ۵˪ӡ
˪ӡƱǴҵۣ򲻻ַ״
ѵҵ۱µ˽Ůɣ
ǱλȫʶοҲԲϰɣС䲻ʮҶ֪䣬¶ڱչأ˽Ů
ˣ˪ӡνͣ
ѲɱһʮǰϾʼˣ߸üͷ
סڣݵ˴ҵ۱£羴ҵ۵Ůŭ
̫һϷһҼǵãŮǿԸĸϼ̳е˪ӡ
Ҳ˵ҵ̫ϵ˪ӡԱĶŮ̳С
һ²гΣѵ̫ިϵ˪ӡǼ̳ƵŮ
ֻǵĽŮʿȴһͳһУδ˵˭˵Ϊ䵮¶Ů
ҵֻʣһƬȻ̫ިƺϿһ˵Ӱӣãڿڣҽһһ
ҵ̫Ӧ̫ިס
ֻ飬Ҳ嵽ҵǰ׵ľٶҵ֮ǰվǰ̫ިҲδ˵Լݡ
ֻǵڣƺЩˡ
Ҹ׽޳̫ިҵ۵Ŀ⣬ƽص
ĸף̫ơ
ϯʱȻ֮ǵĲ²⾹Ȼô
ɺֶһۣڶԷпεľɫ̫߶꣬Ҳ֪޳ֿѣֻ˵;죬վİ·;
ǴӲ֪̫ƺ޳֮䣬иŮ
Щ㺣̫ƺ޳뿪ʷ֮⡣
ʵѲ̫ިݲ򵥣δ̫ƵŮ
羴˵Ů
̫ϻʳУ̫ƵΪ׵ҵҲԱȼ硣
ʿǴǰ׷һ̫ͬϻʳԻ͵ģ˵¼󣬽֮羴Ķ
ϣ̫ƵĵˣҲġ
Ҳֻ̫ϻʳһʮ御ԸףЧ׷档ʱָʳҡ
ʱ̫Ϸǫi̫ިĿⲻЩӣϿ̫ƵӰӣȴ̫޳Ů
ƵŮôҲӦǻʳŮʸ̳еλ
һǰΪ̫Ϸǰ׺ٵĻӻŮǱס˲ӣ˵֮ǰǻΪ̫ŮΪƽ׶˸ŭǽãǹ̡
̫Ϸǫi̫ԭͬȴҵǿй̫£Ķӣˣ̫ިҲͬˡ
ֲܰγڡ૵ǵŮŮܰγڣӦˡ
ɵŮٶǰͷˣ䲻ʮλǵŮŮ
ϯӵͬڽ֮С
̫һѯҲ⡣
̫ި̫ƵŮȻЩϳ
̫ިĿɨڳˣҪͣͷ˵𣬴ٶǰǳ֮ѣڣȻʱ
쿪ڵ֮ǳǳžϾʱԻὫһ˵
ڣֱԣҿſڴƻƣʿվ
ڳ˶ʶǾ̫Ϸǫiһɳʱ𣬵Ҳʲô¡
Ͼ̫ި̫ƵŮ̫ϷǫiŮĵλôЩԲ˳ˡ
̫ި䵭ؿôǻպˣ
ʿʱǺ㡪
ҵɨˡ
漴ſ̫ިɫڸӣصպǳ֮Լ»ǰȥ
Ȼҵ۶˿ڣȻʲô飬ֻǿƽĳ£ȴаӿ
̫һŮϾľƣɲӰ졣
̫ިδ뷨תǰǰ֮˷׷Ϊÿ·


244 
Ŀ̫ިıӰ, ζһ
ƵŮŮô
ʵ˪ӡĳ֣Ȼ֤̫ި̫Ůһ, ʵǣ̫ࡣ
ο̫ިγ˵, ֮Ϊһ, Ϲ̫һƱض̫Ϸǫiһо޴Ӱ졣
漰λ, С£ҵۣҲ¶ڽϻص̬ȡ
ŮӰ, þûж
̫ި뿪, 𽡢¥뻨Ҳ̧ϡ
ڻ´ྭ֮ʱϬڣϬлǰһ·͡
Ц, ɫʲôǷ°ˡ
ɺֶһ, ض, , ̫ިࡣ
*
ڣ󣬽Ŵ, ۵ֽ֮ɫ
Ϊλûл
սľϻ, ָΪЩס
Ҽ, Ҹ촦ʬ޴棬׽˵, ɽѰĴ
ǽϾĵطˡ̶̼䣬ҼϾڹĺۼѾʣֺոۡҲѸգˡ
ڼ±֮ʣµıһƬãȻ
ǰϾҲ˵ϻѣֻǱʱݣΪֻм൱߲һҼҰ䣬ǰЩһҲ˲֮¡
пƣ͵͵صҼҸլԺǽС
ڲʮð£ڳ˵Լµľϻ
ľϻװģʱ䰮в٣Ϊġ
ļԲԲضã㷢ľϻеĲͬѰ֮
ľϻײһƣǵãµľϻڣûһƵġ
һ˽⣬Ҳкá
֪ľϻڵģԼֻʣףѵ
ƼȻµģ鶨ҪŪк壬ֻϾ֮УȥԼģֻһ𽡣
֮ʣ̫ިһ̤С
ˣвЩ΢ϲɫֻĿ̫ިϣϵ˼־ηóȻǰ
ֱ̫ި˵¥֮ȥ˿յߣ㡭
ԣתͷдżɫ
̧һӵһ󡭡
£ڲǰ𽵱ȻӦ¡
ȡľϻ΢΢ü۵֪ʲô
𽽫ľϻ򿪣ֻײһԿϡ
һҲܿв̺ġ¡
֪ΪΣľϻем졣
תͷ¥ںδ
¥üɫЩࣺʦ֮ǰоѪмơ
Ȼͬһƣ⼸ƣȫͬġ
˵ˣ˶һۣʶ˲
Ƭ̺֮УЩ޴ǰ̫ި࣬¥ȻڵģĻҲһԡ
̫ިľϻƽѪϵͬԴЧҲơ
ͻƶɽٺ֮ʱٴطҲɴˣ˴˽編дڵȱ©
ڶطһʱ̫ިҲ׷еѪ󾿾ʲôЧá
ǵѪνٻ󷨣ҪѪɷԹ˷ڡ
ľϻײҸ£ǴӺε֪
п֪Ҳͨһ
Ҽҵ꣬ζ̫ި顣
Լ鲻ɵɪһ£˵Ϊˮ֮¡
ˮҼҸ޽ġ
ʦǾáԥſڣҼ֮죿
Ȼʲô˼
ҼҴԼǲʲôŻᶪ̫ި
ԭأȥʧǡ
̫ި£ڷԸͬȥȲ̽ҼҶˮ쳣
֮ŽϾ̫ި㲻ڴʱ뿪
¹Ӧǣ̬
黹ԭأЦԩ㲻Ϊϴô
仰鶸ȻعâԣӦΪΪҼϴ
飬ױ㱻°顣
ڻ´뿪֮Щǵ̫ިʦ㣬ֲֻ֮˲С
Ҽ䲻̫ϻʳʮ֮һϾռһϯ֮أҲʵڲʮС壬߶ڣôһˣϾӵеȨƲԶ
΢΢üٶǰһս󣬴˽Ȼ֮޷롣֮꣬һ㣬ٶǰġ
ʼվֵһǣ֮꼴ڣҲһ㣬ڣ˾ͽԪڱȥǰ볣졣
ǰ⹬ѶΪ֮ڷ֮ǴӺδ
ҹǺӵʹܳţֻŵóڲҶ
ڣɴᣴ£ĬȼգЩʡ
ϡ̧̫ިһƣɫ
ռ䣬߲ݣֻΪ̴⹬ϾжΪʱҲ֮С
̫ިףĿ⿴򰲾ڴϣ˫۽յ̡
ʵڹ죬Ϊ⣬ֻʱԷ˯˵£üԳɫ
ǵ̫ިһĻľС
̫ި֣ϵķʱʧЧãϵŮ͵˫ۣ˫ֻһƬޱ޼ʵīɫ
վһԵɫͬΣϿ
һ֮Ѳ˸ϵҲΪ֮᣿
̻תͷĪЩӲϡ
мɬ
Ҿ㰡ʱеԺΪҪԼ

Ҳģ㲻ȥôǵ
սֳ֣
ǵģαΪ飡

񡭡
̺мѵ³һ֣漴īɫӿָ˺ڰ׷״
̣ϲڣǻָǣ
վдżɫ֮ǰ־ᣬŻΪ֮Ի󡣡
ָ糣οѹٺò¡
̫ި䵭̣δڡ
̿һ񣺡ϡ
ʱ̫ިȴһӡ
̵嵹ɶˤڵϣʷѲ֮ӵ̫ިĿдűɱ⣺ôᷢ֡
ûü˵꣬ٴϢ̼ѵƫͷ̫ިٴοڣ񡭡͡
ԡ
һ£͵ԼĿڣ̫ިʱ֣ɱԼ
Լ˭ôǵԺнţŭ
û
ạ̇̄Ϫ̡
̫ިվԭأ
һ̣ףǰΪλ֣֮Ҳõ˽͡


245 
, 죬
һԻ͹ڸں棬˲Ϣ, Խǧ
ķ, ΣǰЦӴҲΪǳ֮Լ
תͷ, òiʤŮӣԭҲͬǳн飿
һȹӨӨ, ٣лصҸǷ飬ͻȻ, ҷ嵱Ȼ޶ԡ
Ҽǵ, ǳȴȫ޽ɣ
賶˳ǣЦЩ䣺ƾһԣǳҪһᣬδЦ
಻ڵ, һѪü, ǻ̡
˶˵, ǿռʿ, ԣδдü
迴ʱҲʼνˣ
ԣЦ, ҵ, , һҲںˡ
貢ķӦԶһ㱡˪ǰϾ, Ҫǳ˵
*
֮УഫоԶŶݣҪӦǳȥ֮ͬеģвٸӹСš
ڵ֮Ҳ𣬾ݣ⹬ºҲɳ˴ǰ
Խ̰Ǵǰȥ
֣ռ䣬⹬¾Ǿϵļȫ̳档ԽͷϪͬϪȻҲ졣
̰԰ɴۣ͸žǧ֮ĮȻʱԽ˵ֻǵԼбҪ졣
ԽҲû̫࣬һϷۡ
ߴķ紵죬ȥ̶̼¼䣬ڵķȻֺ빬ڡ
ˮµĺۼɨսϮŵĲԲ˼ٶȿʼָ
ʦʱӦѾִޣ֪СʦΡԽɫ˼Ȼ
̰ȡٷϣָⲦң࣬ʲôʦ˶ɽʿΪ֮£Ȼࡣ
ͬһʱ䣬֮һƬ֡
ʦ㣬Ҳȥ
ۣôĳ棬һأ㲻֪ʲôʱˡ
˭ƽ͵Ҷ֣Ǿֻȭͷ˵ˡ
ΪǰϾ֮£СɽЩû鼰ʱİ壬ϾһԣʤǧӱǰϾ
СɽiѾʶģʵʿ޼һͬʱǧԣʡȥ鷳
갧̾һҰοڴ˷϶ʦֺˮʦоСʱʦǧiΪʵʱ
ǳʦ۸˷ҪóܱʲôŴС˴ʦ
ǳһġ
ֲûʦ֣ӳӣȺһ쵽ֻ֪ƻĽޣŮ˵ţͻȻ˼ҧгݵζ
Сɽסʱգ̫ިϵ񻹹Сɽ̳ҳ˲֪˪Сɽʦ
ʦôˣŮеҧгݣֵ
˰꣬׼ԱʵݣŹĽ޸ˣݿֻӳٽҵѹص
ٶʯҲġ
̫ˡ
ô˵ڶ൤޶ʱͬܵסĿڡ
СɽͷܶӷֱһΧŽҪ뿪ĵӣ˵ʲô
ˮӯӯһڽ޵ӵʽּʲô
͸ɣǰ޵硣
ˮӯӯصͷ˷ǰȥϾǿǼ縺ΣһҪʦ
ͳ֮꣬״ӶҪСɽˮӯӯȻȥˡ
ڶལ޸͵
һԵ½ƿη̱һתͷֻԼʲôҲû
ԶæʣΪƣܻҪżֻźãԶɽ۷ΪףԨ޾ȶɽ٣ʮֻһе壬Сɽ˷һʮۡ
*
ǳԼʱԽԽڶȺִϾǰδе֡
ͷβɼŸԵӷʿǿϢڸʮѹȸС
ʮʿ۵ʢ£޼
ǰգ̫ϻʳϾ˾ɽѰʿ롣
ҪϾҳһʮʿĵطʵڲףǰ̫ϻʳ֮ҲԵñˡ
Ѱ˳룬ƿ˾ɽõѡ
̫ϻʳæ˾ɽϯʱʹ֮ڣǳ۵Ůҩ봩ȣ֮ͤڡ
ҩϣĿתĳ£ʦ֣÷ҩˡ
ۣʦá
ŮҡҡͷⱾҸģʦ֣ƿкת
ǳ̮֮ʣΪ˶¼ʦʦã˲ˡ
¶ҩһƽص޷
ҩ֭ɬȴʲô仯ۼɫ
ҩ£Щʧ
ˣѲʵʦʲô
»ع̧ͷĿ⣺µԡ
ԣҴǳɽŷзֵͼء
ǿͼϲᣬ֤ǳ֮֡
ʦѵڻԣȻڡ
ʵǲӦõġ
ԣλм٣
ΪλͻȻ䣬ǳλЩǲεŭ⣬ȻϾ˷ɱ
ǳ¶˵Ͼǿɱᣬֻǳ
ֻΪһԣӦɱô·ʡ
ǾĻ쳣֣ܴ֮䣿ΪİΣҲɱ
仰ͤ⣬ĬȻԡ
ʱ䲻ת˲ţһʮʮһӦǳ֮Լ븰򣬻̫ϻʳϾ֮˾ɽ
ʮһ¶
֮ʱ¥𽲢̧ͷǨĺ㣬Χ徲
İȻࡣ
̫ިҴɣһݳ棬Ϊ̫ƵŮ̫ϷǫiĹϵЩ΢
ԪӤڵĲŵûʸͬϵľᲢ۵ģ̫ި̫ƵŮҵ۱档
˭Ҳ֪ҵۻδ㡣
һ˱㴦ڹ֮УȻϰ
ȿֺͰˣﵹ徲ࡣ¥˸赭
վԣĿɨܣ۾ȴһ˫Ҳ١
֮һбף˷Ĵˡ¥ü
Ų˻عֻ̫ިҲϣȻ⻪ת
©һɫȹǣᱡ
ԣźۣñ£ȥϢ
ʦ㣬ʦ֡¥һ̧ͬ
̫ި΢΢ף̧ȥ˾ǸĽŲ
ϣ¥̫ިɫȻ
£ͷųͣ⣬̫ިǰҲ񣺡ϡ
Ϊ˵̫ިҵԣһȻȱϯ֮¡
ĿϣɺȻüͷΪҲ޷֪̽ľ硣
˭
¡̫ިǿ˼ص
⼸֣һЦ
ϳ̫ި
ʵһΪֺˣ̫ިǽָŽģϳ
һĻɵǵô
ûСĮȻڡ
¹˼ƿԡ


246 
˾ɽ, ȻԵȺִ˴
Ϊǳ֮£̫Ϻͼ游ץ׳, һҪڶһͬΪǰ˴ŵ·
չƫ, ˾ɽϵ˽ͷܶ, Ǻ֮
̫ϺͼŸõֵϯλŲĿɨ, ü
ûʲô첻ǰҲ֣ǵλðฺԸ֮, δЩ֡
д˴, ֻвһɣѹ֮Զ׼
ܿǶҲİʲô̫ͬһЦЦ̫Ϻͼ
̫ϺͼӣƲüëȥǺ۸Զǿͣ, ʧ˻ȡ
Цһ֪ӺδðԲȵС, Ҳҳƿ͡
̫Ϻͼһ, Ϊ˵, Ѿ˸ֻ֦ǲŵӷ֦ͷˣ
ΧмСŵʿ⻰ϲڨڨ
һұס۱µĴ, 󡣡̫Ϻͼû, ػ
ϸѿ, Ҳֻлʳƫ̫Ϸǫiһɡ̫Ϸǫi飬ЩСֽŵģ, ƽʧȣвϲ⣬ֺá
û뵽º͵ЩųܻᷴԼֳ⣬뷢ȴԶ˻ǰȥ
ã̫ϺͼǶⰲʲôȥѰҲ粵
ıӰ̫Ϻͼ̵ؽϯλֲպãҲʲô
Ҳʲô
λӣý̫Ϸǰףѣڷô˸ϸ
ǾԼȾ۱µ׵ܻܵӲ̫Ϻͼһʱ˽Ҷѵꡣ
֮ʱߴ̤ƶܿ˾ɽϡʮڳ࣬ЩעĿϵɽپҲң˲Ŀ
ڳ֮ڶΪţʵСɽĵӴżֺܣǶ˳ƫԶ֮ص衣
ϵڶʿ֪Уʵʮۣ߱㶼Ͷ˳ڡ
ǿ󽫣ʿڣ˭
ܵ󽫻ֻ̫ͣϻʳоص
ʲôǸԪӤڵСˡ̫һԴǰγƵŮµĵڣŮµĻΪǲ
Ϊ粻Σȴʵ仰ױƷ⡣
ǰٶҲû˰γڣƫƫ©
̫һжʼ̫ިֺֹһ֧ʵȴŴɣױˣβۺ졣
Զһŵѹǿ˵ǰ£Яţ˵
⻰Χ˶һвŵִϾԶԵ֮²
ŮüƲͬδƫģ̫Ϸǰвȡ۱Ȼ׿ݶλʳ֮Уȴûʲôˡ
ƣֻ¾᲻׵ܵġЩü۵ԵõЦЦ·Լ֪ñ˶࣬ƫƫԳƵŮŮ
ƵŮٶǰͷôһŮ
ΪҴδ˵¡
ü۵겻мغһⲻǲŵһ֮ʣҿ̧۵Ļѻ
ԴǴģ٣ʱ˹ע
ɫζһĿͶעҷĳϣɫɴ䣬ֻ¶Ůɵ򢣬Կȫò
ʦ㡣صԣŵϯλǹԸ֮
һ飬ʱɫҲôÿ
Լգȴ̫ܲϻʳ̫ި
̫ިǱ㲻ϯˡ
ңҳģ벻ϯҲ޷ֱ
ܿ˲˲ŵλںδʱ
ǲԸͤôžǱڴˣ
ҲǵΪƥ䡣һЦϺγ֮⡣
ĩţʸҵͬ
һʱ䣬ٳŪ֮𣬼Ҳܷסô۵졣
ӻҵУһ̧ǰֱࡣ
ǶƵ
ƵʮУԺյĴɡŴɣͬССĲӦú޹ǡ
ȴֻƵĶɽٴܴߵǰ̧֣һ
Ƶ˷Ķɽٴܣŷ
ϣ²˿ɻãվŷԵǧʵ
ڴŮһаã־ɷġ
ֻһ䣬ȫδ뿪Ĵ㡣
ɽٴܵ棬񣿣ͷ
ǧ̫ި仰ڷͬʱ־ܳܵһ֣˪λʵںȰ
Ŀ֮£ŷδԣֻɺֵͷʾ⡣Ƶδӹ̫ϻʳΪʤһҲ´
̫ިŷǱġ
̴ҲŰڵӴһЦŷƵõ硣
ͣڳԣȴͬƵһ㣬뿪ˡ
ô£ŲֻǸСôΪƵͰڵĶɽٴܻ̬ȣ
ŷ̴Ȼǵ̫ިѶƵڣǺأ˸ֵΡֻҪ˺ô
һ̫ި˷СɽӣȻշ
ԳƷ̫ިΪ飬̶ʱڣҲǡ
ŵģƵͰڿǷںպ
ۼһĻڶʿƿԣԶʿš
֣Ҳʿ˵֮
ѵʵʲô˲õţ
֮Уҵȷδ˵нвŵɰҳɽ֮УʶǳŲ֪ɡ
ŷ̴ʶĴǰ̸ȴδܴ˵õϢô꣬ǻס仰
ڿһۣϵܣǱΪĻҪࡣ
ƵͰڶɽٴԴģλǸѰԪӤʿ


247 
˾ɽ, ڶʿ֮ʱһнŮ̫ϻʳɽۣǧ
塪˾
Ϲ֮Ȼ˼, ˷ҲϾ
Ͼ漰֮˵, ҲοҪ, һѪ
ʵû뵽˪, ǵȺ֮¡Ů䡣
ΪϮţǷ˪ֽҲν
ħþ, ߹ʮط, ȹˣҲɱɱ޹а˪֮һ͡
ǳʧ, Ǩŭ, ֮, һŭ֮±ǳɱ䡣
Ĳ²мָݡ
ǿǰʵ
µ, ھǺ޷ӦǾкδ㣿
ǳǳţɽҲûдκζ, ѵĬ˲ɣ
˵, ô, ڱɽеҲֻһ˪£˵ļСٰ¡
Χʿͬ
Ƕ, ϼڵҶѾˣУ⹬Ҳѵֻʣ±廹Ӱ
Ҳ˵˷Ӧǳ֮
˴ԣҲδӰ
¥ųϢѾӦм١
ŮüͷļӵǲС
ۣȴƬ̡
һ壬ܽһͳЩѱĴҲ׳Ƴʸġ
̫ި˵𲻻̫ϻйϵɣ
̫һȻټҲǶһУ¥أ𲻹ǸŮˡ
ɽٴܴ۵ҵʿ߹֮£ֳ֮ɫСɽ
֪Сɽ֪Сɽʲô
Ƨ۾֮أ˵صϢΪʮʿġҲֻ̫ިһͳĴ£ɿ촫¡
οСɽţ֪伣Ȼ¼
ٶ䣬δŵСɽ£֪˱ʣ
ǰСɽɽһ̽ȴֻ׺ãã¥󡭡

ʱʮݵʿҲ롣
ǰ࣬ڳʿתͷȥֻݵǰ๬Ů࣬üĿ̬˳
ǰαҵۣ̫ϷǫiԼ̫ϻʳĵ̫
ҵ۱չЩ꣬ͻ˴ˡ֪ڴϢһɽٴ̲ס̾
̾һ㣬Ҳ֪ʱܴؾ簡
ڶɽʿԣһؾ绨ʮ궼ǳ£ͻƶɽ֮һ޷ͻơ
̫ިһ㣬ͻƾˮԷһ򵥵ģʵ֮١
ڵԣǳǰзǹ죬䣬гȻ֮ˡ
ӳ£ȷ̬֮ʿ̾
ҵ̫Ϸǫiֱ̫Ϸ˷̫ϻʳΪǾλҲ޿ɺǡ
ʦ֣ƺδǰһ΢΢üͷ
ʱ壬ֵʿһŰĳһڵ
¿ҵۣΪΣ
ǳˣ㲻ٵȡҵ۳ص
׼²ٶԣת˾ɽе̨
վ̨ϣ̧ΧƵʿһ񣺡ͬԸǳ֮Լǰ˾ɽ£ڴ˰л
ǳҲͬ¡
ˣڳڶʿæֻ̧
ֱٴοڣλ֪˷ǳţΪģԡ
£ܶһ仰
ʱ˳ָɴҡҷ̫ި³
ԭڳŵӶվڴ˴ƵºͰСɽӾԵЩͻأ̫ި³ʱΧиĿͶ
˭в֪ʿľãȻ
ŵ֮ǰϾ׮£ɶѲ˸ϵ
ʲô
Ϸλҵ۽̫ިĶ۵ףɫκα仯Կ뷨
Ҫԣôһ׮˵ΪΣ̫ި̧ͷ£쿪ڡ
µĿϣֻһƬ׵
̫ިһǰʿڴˣýǰԵ£˽ᡣ
⻰ʲô˼ڳڶʿ̲סüͷ
ʿ棬˷콫£̫ϻ֮վԵĽ
ִǰꪼԣʺΧ֮ơ
̫ިûͣڶδ̫ި֮ڣΪƣ޷ٽһ
ֹԪӤʿ̫һ϶Ե
ȥ̫ިϵϢԪӤʼһ񣬶飬ɽ١
ɽ١ôǶɽ١
֪жһ̾վ޷Լı顣
Ĺʮ࣬꣬жɽ۷Ϊ̫һʧֳ˼Լüõİ룬ȴ˲ֱۣض̫ިֻԼۻ
ԪӤʿôôǶɽ٣
̫ިΪ¶֮ʱڶʿһƬȻʱû˾ɽۡ
ɽ۷ʿҲȡ
㵽Ǻˡ̫Ϸǫiվɫ
緫ĶڴʱͻȻƲ֮Уʮаɵķ۴ƶСɽռǵսڷչ
ǡˣ
ذ׵ӷСɽվڴͷȻٲЦֵģһ¡
Сɽ£ʦ㡪ڶСɽ°ݣһĻȥʵЩ𺳡
ʮ޷ӵǿϢȻ̨֣ϣΪףʮΪε̫ިҵȣݼϣ
ʲô
ڳڶʿûɣ
ЩΪҲڶĴȻ̨ŮΪ
븩׵ģΨС
𡪡
֮Сɽʦ㣬⹬ˣ̫ި
̫ި̧˾ɽʿɾĿ£̫Ϸǫiӵ
̫ި


248 
, ƺŲȻ⣬ɫơ
̫ިվ̨ϣߴ, Сɽսڷ, ʮ۳ߣΡΡ
ʮ, нֹ̬֮
Ǳ̫ި
һ, ˾ɽϲһƬƽڶ̶̼ϢΧ֮˵ˡ
𣿣̫ި
ڳʿ֪, ˷ҲӦǳ֮ǰ, ȴķʽ֡
ԭǰѾϾ
γڵģԭ𣡡
ֲ¥ãҲδܲ鵽ŵ, ԭֻǸݡ
ԭ̫һѪ
ѵƵŮŮ
, Ӧмٲǡ
̨, ɾþԡ
ʵ, ȻԶѰ
иŮǱӦˡ૵
վԣǰӰ, û˵
ǰ, ҵ۸߾λ, ԶԶ̫ިɫĪ
ϯ£̫Ϸǫiٴο, Щ䣺Զǰȴڣʵ̫ϻдܡ
дżѷֱķ⡣
̫ϷǫiѾ̫ި죬ȴδ뵽Ǳ֮
̫ިһĨȣػصˣǰܼϾ֡
˵ãɾǰˡ
㶼ըˣλ֣ܲڳʿͷ
֪̫ިݺǲã̫Ϸǰʵڲԩ
СɽԷ£ǰȻѾʵ࣬һ۾ܽ˿촦
Сɽӡ
СɽĻռǣ
ϡǵãСɽʦ̫Ϸǰ׽Թ䶯ֵԭɡ
Сɽĳ֣˲£ʮУˣԾɼǵɽš
ֻδ뵽Сɽ伣꣬ǰڽա
ʦ㡣
й񣬳˺̫ި࣬ɫȻ۵ȴĦȭƵļ
̫ި˵ͷڳڶʿ̧һ񣺡Сɽ飬ͬ
ܿɫֳָӣСɽ֮Ҳ˵й֮Ե
󣬹ټֻʣڣ紹ĺ
ںϵʿԣ£ԭ㲻̫
ٴοڣСɽǰҪǳ֮Լͬǰü¡
󣬵ӳ£ڳ
仰ʲô˼
Уʲô㣿
ƽϢ̫ިΪݣδʲôʱ˲Լͬѡ˾䡣
λǵãǰ飬ħع硣黺ڣ˵һ
ڻ֮УƬرֻܻ˲֪ǳս˼رԴܻطȫ
ȫ
ʿһ̱ɫΪ޵֮ˣβ֪ȫζʲô
ǷȫôʿȻѣԾвʿﵽ˾磡
ûطȫάⷽ磿
֮󣬴˼޵õΪˣٲħʱʢ
֮ʱڴ֮ϣؾ磬Ķˣħеǿߡ
ûͶԼϵĸɫĿ⣬ܻγɣǳΪշ籩Ű򡣡
ڲطȫͼͨգȫȴ֮죬Ϊʶ
֪£ʿЩסˡ
˼ǧ֮ǰǰѾΪ֮ƣ
ôܣǴʿλᡭ
ϹŴţǧ磬ǧС磬󣬴˽ٲʢ֮ʵԶڴ֮ϡ
ۣδϵɣٶǰ֮ɴ˺ѽڣռ˽硣
Ǳ޳ǵ֮
֮УСɽɽѣڵҴȣ̫޳Ϊף壬壬֮ܶС
ڲеľؼ⣬ٶǰ˺ƬҪڣΪǧ밲
ʷδ£Ѫɻңվǻ˼ǵһС
ƵŮ겻Ƿôô֮У
Ůм٣
Ŀ̫ިϣҵۣɣԼ׷̫ߵľɲʱɫһƬĳ
̫ûзٶǰϢ˵ھ޴Ĵ
̫һϳڣ֤ԼԷ飿
Сɽɽѣ¶ʮ߾߹餣ڼ֮ءһһص
һʱ仰еķʵ̫ء
СɽĵӣΪռ϶յɽţ١
ֽǰΪιʣһɽٴֵ
СɽƺƵǰֻܲΪʿ͵Сɽʧԭ
һУʦڶǰȻ֮壬ڷ޷䣬һղȫ֮ıһղȻλ֮ͬУֺγû֮꣡
仰ֱʯ쾪˾ɽۼһһؾˡ
ʿ󣬶ʶΧˣȷʲô
ôܡ
ѾΪλ֮ꣿԼʿʵ
ֿ֮ѷ˽ڣЩ֮ȻڽڷǰǱ˽硣
˲ɺ󱳷ѵġ
֮겻˽飬ǳ֣ضΪǣҪλڣ
ľʿڣҲȻԳǷ⣡
߿̫ި֪кν͡
Ҫʹǳǡһֱδڵ̫ި̧ǳһڵӡ
˴ʱ˲𣬽վڴ˴Ϊԡ
ǰΪ֮ԡ
⻰ʲô˼ѵǻǳ󹴽֮ꣿǳܵ⻳ɵߣŭ
̫ިûŭɫ꣬Ŀڳϣӣǰǳϣۼɱᡣ
⻰ڶʿ⣬ת˻⣿
µɫЩ䣺
ǳ̮֮ʱҵۼ໯Ϊ뿪Ůæ貹
ֻƾܲ⣬㽫ǿǳֱϣôı¡̫ި𴽽ǣЦЦ
˵ǳӲǺ
Ϊ֮Ա㲻ţ¿̫ިȻڣͬû֤ݣ֤ǳ֮²Ƿ˪Ϊû֤ݣ֤ǳ֮ᡣ
׿ԣΪ֮꽫ڵھʮ¥ϣ
Ϊ֤֮ǳ֮᣿
Ҫ֤ݣ̫ިЦһת˲㵽˳ǰ֤ݡ
£ǺȻ³֡
ʲôڳʿͻıʾ˶
ͫ΢΢ŴжΪڶɽ۷ѹ£ã˵
ԣŮ֮ͫȴֳЩ΢ϲɫ
ʧ
ڳһ֣б̫Ϸǫiһֱ̫ިҲˡ
Ӵײһɽޱ߷ˣ̫ϷǫiϵѹϢ˲Ϣ֮Ҫ̫ި
ҵͫ΢Ҫ̫ި΢Ӱɫ굲ǰ̫ϷǫiĹƾΡ
˪ʶڴʱȻڣȫδ뵽ִ˴
Ҫ֪ʿǳ󣬼пǴ㽫ɱ
ͬʱ̫ިȻ£̳У˲̵رͷԸѪһĻ
̫ިһȴδڳϡ
ڽҪµǰһָ̣˷򣬵ڳŮüģ˲䴩͸ʶ
ѣڶǳӾ㶼ɫ
ҵɱˣ˫ͨǳŮӱ
ᣬԲŻǶ֣
֮£м˹˲ʵ࣬˽ȥȴ̧¡
ʶŮǺεȻ̧лϷŭ֮ɫͳ˻Ƶ𣺡ô֪
£īɫüʶ֮أʣľ
Ϊβ֪̫ިһ䡣


249 
ָջ, ̫ިǳЦ⣬
赭дؽһ˻ԡ
Ů岻ȵػ˻, ΪʹŤ, ԼںδŻᱻ
Ҫ, Ϊλ֪ǵѨ
ǳڣл, ֪οԻٽƵֻеӣǸ˼Ȼϣ㲻ż
տϷӡ, ֮, ʿһս
۽Σ˽ʿһ׮¡
οһ, ˵ʲôȡ, Ĺ֮ᱻĽڡ
, µһȴδ֮, Ʃż¼ԵͼЩͬΪ֮꣬ôȫϵ
֮, ֺûʱ
ǳڵ֮, Ѳֹڴڵһֻ
ǳȻ, ͼһһ˳µͷϣ, ƾ
ħþѧѹɷ̫ިʼնһĻ֮Ը
ΪվƣǳҴĵУõѡ̫ިһҪǰȥ䣬ۼǳڶҴӡ
ͫ£˳˿ϴ֮ϢǳӺ
¼ǳӣֽƱض˽⣬˵ȥǳټ޻ಢѣ˿Ӧס
ѡͻȻ֮£ͻ£ʱ޻ˣԼ¶ô
̫ިǳӵĻɣҲδ١
ô£
̨ϵľ̫죬ΧڶʿӦ
Ϊ̫ިҪԳ¶֣ȴ˳ԵǳŮϡ
ҪǣŮüʶ飬й¶Ϣڴ˽磡
֮꣡
β˵һвʿǵã³붼Ůԣǳһλ̫ϳϵ״ӡ
֮꣬ǺʱǱеģ
ǳӸǾʧҹദͬţȻͼı֮꣡
ѽõŮۿ¶֮Ϣѣǲɱ˰ޣô
Ȼδ
ѵ͵͵ЦڣԻδףϣֻһѡ
õĽãô
ԣŮŵһ
Ѵ߹ᳰЦ⣬̫ިЩҧгݵ˵β³ҵģڳϢɱģŶԣ
ס
֪𰸣ʵڲġ
Լںδ
仰ǳѾȫȻԭء
¼ͷ˿ʹδϵΪ˾еµ˿ڣѵơ
λ֪ϦദʦãƤĻꡣ
Ծ⣿
ͷβ֮꣬ôȫȻ˲
¥ų֪£ҪǳӵҲ£ô̫ިۿ׷幫ѡ
ͫ΢
ڳʿҲһƬȻ֮
֪գΪǰȥǳ󣿡̫ϻֵ
Ϊڱ׼Ѫ׷ˡ
׷㸲֮յǨӻҰ˳Ϊ׷塣ô׷ϣֵҫΪ˲ϧۡ
׷Ů׼ǰµǳеѪô˭ѪޱνٻӢĻ
ǵѪ󣬷ҪѪɷ֮˽ڡ
ѪףѣŮ֮飿
ǰ¥Ѷ̫ިǳѣ׷壬丸Ϊ׷һ峤
Ĺùã׷һŮ׼
ݣҪ˸׷Ȼ£׷Ů׼ֺỳƭԼ
ϧѲֻ׷ݡ
Ȼ֪ǰȥǳԭԭͻǳڲ⣬ڼ֮ǰԲὫҪ׸֪
֮ռᣬܼ
ֻһշ籩Ϊǳ籩Ⱦʹգ֪
ǡࡣ
˿룬һ࣬ھˡ
ִӺζ֪ƿαװɫֻһƬ
һ壬ϵڶǡ
£̫ި£ָǾҡҡ׹ŮƤұ㳹׵ȥ
޴üɢ̶۳ΣŶǣΪƬβ̣˫ĿڵλֻһƬ֮ɫ
ͽһУȻ֮ˣѷŭؼХ
˷֮꣬ȻҲǷ磬Ϊͽ磬ԽȺ塣
˽֮Уԭû֪֪֮Դڶǡ
֪һеģΨͬΪһ֮ꡣ
Ϊ棿̫ިʡ
һսˣڽڷ֮ǰ֮ǿУΪ˶Ŀǲòϴȥ䣬αѰת
֮ʱ죬תֻг㣬޷ݣֻм£תΪʵˣָܻģ֮١
ôӦ磬ˣ
û֪𰸡
˴ʱһǳĵףΪѻ˵ϴֻһ
ҪõŮҡͷһȥ˫ͨ졣
֮֮ʱڳĴҲɱɫ
ѲԪӤʿǵ꣬ӵеȴȶɽˣ
֮иǿ
ͼ˽壬ԶƬ֮ϡ
˲²⣬ȻˣҪβ֮Կ
ֳԭ֮ʱ֮Ȼͻ䡣
Ũڸ߿ջۣɫ׵Ʋ֣֮£ݷǴ˽䣡
걩¶һצ̫ިֻҪܼͻһѵĻᡣ
ɫϮǰ̺ľһ̣˶
̫ި̫һ˱ҲҪȴס˼硣
ҪԸ壬ռơ
ʯ֮䣬̫ި֮Դâ̧ϲκֻʣһƬ߸ϵĮȻ·Թ̬Д

£ڴֵ׵Яɵ֮н£֮ϣ֮һİ
֮һƬ͵͵ĳβ˾η
δ̫ܿި㿪ʼ𣬲̶˲Ϣ֮䣬ѵ޾дɢΪҡ
ţХеڴˣһգҲƬ֮ϣ
̫ިվԭأѻ೤ڷֻһƬԵĮȻһա
ƽȴŷ
ڷ죬£վؼΨһһĨɫ


250 
֮, ſɫ񣬰޳ĵɫԽԵò԰סڶСɽУۡ
üһѪ, ϸȥ, ޾ת
һģһʱӡסķġ
н֮ʱ, е߼Х㱳ԼȺ, Լˣ
̣ûԺм̶
Ҳˡ
ĮлظԼһʶ
̣Ϫϵ, ׵Ů, ʲôˡ
һУ̸̫ިģ΢Уͷѵʹ, һһؽһܸ֪, ǵ֮Դ, ڶǡ
û뵽, ǻķʽ¶Լ
ת֮һľ֣Ҳܿת֮ʱָܻ䡣
תΪ֮㻽Ѽ, Ҳ̤֮;, δձпС
ÿһת, ĥǵ꣬תʵˣ̤ϵ;, ָܷļ䣬ҲǸδ֪
ڽڷǰͶ˽ڶġ
ǴôҲ뵽ת֮󣬻˱˽ͬ¾ѼʱҲԸԼˡ
̱ˡ
ļ֮ʱ̵ļȴûбѹƣʶ˺һ壬һ̡
ʶ໥ĿƣУ䴦·磬ȴ㹻ͣʼδ
Ϊ̵ʶʱöĿƺʶɱҪˡĸ׺ˡ
˽ԼˣԼԼˡ
մȾϸ׺˵ѪԼĻھ޴ıʧء
ƫƫǡѰĳ֣֮Ĵ˿ա
ûиԸֱ̫࣬ިʱŷĽԼ̽һи֪̫ި
ʶȥǣ̫ިֹ
˵Ļ̫ިЩ귢һдñڲصࡣ
ڷһϵ裬ضã̽һʶʱѹƵķģȡöĿơ
Ҫȫһʶȴһʱ֮ġ
̫ިԼҲǰΪλ
ִ֮ŻữΪֻء
ǰʱԾɻˮӰ£δ졣û⣬̱ԾϪʱѼ䣬׺˶ȫôϪϵģֻ¾һѪɱ¾
ԣӦԼɱԼɱԼѪ
̫ިı£̡
еڽʲôջĵĹ֣㱼䣬̾ǰһƬ侲
ǵԼ˭
֮£ѵ겻ʵؼ䣬̿һĻᳶ˳ǡ
֪ⷽתΪǻŹôˣĹ
ͽУĵӣˣҲУԼЩԺгԼ
ܿǶļ䣬Ƕμʵ㲻˻ϲ
Ժеݵذ
ؼƻɢȥڷվ̫ިֱֻ̧࣬ܽӵ뻳С
λ֮ϣҵʶսɿظ̬֮ԣ̫Ϸǫiɫϲŭѱ棬иĪ⡣
Լĸף̫ɫͺǺö̫࣬ިֱʲôϹޡ
̫һٿ㹻ǿʵ˱죬̫ިǿ̫ϻʳȼ硣
Ѿ̨µͣ½Ų˴ʱʶΪ̫ިѾǿ໤
̧ͷ̫ިıӰ̲סԶվǰŻʳ￪Ůӡ
ӰغһԾЦЦЩͻ
̨ϣһСɽϵĽ֮ɫҲɢȥǵȻ̫ިʵѵϾȴ֮ⲻΪֵ
ԼΪ㣬ҲδóȻǰֻʦҡ
̫ިױ㽫£Ԩ޾Լǰʮġ֮⣬ѺȻʱ׼¶׼Ϸζ
һģ飬ʱ̫ިˣΪҲѱΪ
֮Уܵɣſɲֹһֻ롣
ϧ֮ʵЩûãı߶Ҳûøɸɾа̾
̫ިĿɨæ飬̬㹧
ڳʮݵʿУȻ־طѾ˵زô
رԴϯλ֮У̫ިĲ֮ɫϵĴʧھ졣
رԴ
رԴܻĸһƬҲһϹ
ۻʼɵĿ̫ިϣǿرԴ
ھе͵ʿУ֪жسᣬ̫ިǶɽ۷Ϊ֮жܴʲô
̫ިͷַֽҪ֮ʱ׽ס˳ָ⡣
ͶȥһƳ̫ިûס֣һ
۸Ҫø۵׼
಻ԾضЦЦһƬᡣ
ڳʿûϹΪʿǵʶԶǿˣȻ˵̬
ͷ˪ֹڴ֮ǰ¿ûһһĹϵ
ҵôҲû뵽ԼδϻصİײˣѾˡ
̫ިĹϵڳʿ˼죬뷨Ҳòվһȷʮְ䡣
ʱ̫Ϸǫiڣ˳ЩĳĬ£֣Ǻζ֪
Ϊλ֪
֮գСһ֪̫ި
ʱ¶̵Ĵڡ
⻰٣̫Ϸǫiȴ޴֤ˣϾȻ䡣
ԶԶ̫ިӣɽ۵ķ紵䣬֮սţá
֪ʵڲ١̫Ϸǫiڡ
֪Ȼ١̫ިһ㻡ȣ֪֮ڣ֮š


251 
̫ި, ϯʿٴ
ٶǰǱڴ˽еֺֹ꣬һѡɽ, ĲԳȻζ
, һȴԶԶûн
һֱԹ۵ĲڴʱڵԲ
Ŀ̫ިϣֻǶ΢΢, δԣʱʵڲɵĺʱ
ӣ
˶û뵽ʱ廰, ϯֻ֮ͣδ˵ʲô
ڶĿ, , ȥһӵϣǰ֮ңͼı˾˾أ¾, , һ޶
ȡ˽ҰĴδϨ, ¼, ڳλ֪û֮š
һ仰˲ɾñ, ˴˶, ̲סϼֻɡ
ǳ, δ˲ֺߣߣһ֮ڣ
һʱԵó, ƵǵаҪα֮Ĵڣ
ܲܽɵ˶ƿüʶ֤ʿԣʶ飬ڵ;١
̫ϷǫiɫЩ䣬δŭֻǳ̫ިԣƾݡ
˵֮ţܸóЩ֤
̫ި䣬һˮ̨Ϸչ˶
תϢ֮ˮеĻ
ŮӵȹڷѣһּУ󣬾Ȼ׷еĻʳʿ
Ȼ׷ĸж龳ΪҲδֳɫ̬ɡ
֮£ɫûôÿˣԶ龳ٶǰУθзŻ
ֻǿѹסµĳ嶯Ͼ˵ˣ³̰ȥ
⻰ʵȣںϧϴѩҼ׵ԩǰǾԸġ
ϡˮͣ˼еĶЦ̫ިһ
Ҳͣڿе˲䣬ڶеʿΧǰ
⣬Ȼ̫ϻʳıʿѲء
ΪˮֽƷĶѲıʿֲģȻȫ漴ڸĴºΧ
ʵΪҲηЩʿǶһִ󣬻̫ި£±ֻѡ·
Ρ̫ިڣûϻ˼
´Цɴס°ԿΣϡ
Ǻ⣿
ʱ˻Ǿһͷˮڴʲôա
̫ϻʳĽʿΧţȴǲܴλȥʶʶķˡºЦֵ
ΧǰĻʳʿȻҲע⵽ˮ漴ˮֳ̫Ϸǫiݡ
۱£
ʿ֮Ув˶ʶ̫Ϸǫi
̫ϷǫiԶˮ֮Уȡ£ʩΪ
ʳô̫Ϸǫiϣ⣬δαߡ
ˣȻɻ󣬻ǹ˿
ЦЦ飬ȥ
̫ϻʳıʿˣҲæȥ
Ϸ϶ȥˮɽƶɽصơ
Ż·£߿еɢȥڿԿ·
ֻķཱིѪĵѾǿƿζţʱѵȫպˣĳˣסĿڡ
̧нˮ𣬻һ޴УˮգӴ龰һࡣ
һ̣˶ܿڵ·ĺӴУȻӡһ޴ƣ
ƻδǲƿߣ㾳ٸߵʿҲδܷǬ
ʲôˮƣ˻Ƶģͨ󷨵ʿʱڣüͷ塣
󷨣ǰȫûм
¶֮ʱ̫촽⶯귢ЩŲŲ
󷨣뵱׷ѪϵͬԴ̫ިڡ
鸸µ󷨣ȷǲʲô
ҼңΪ󷨶
鿴·ջ䣬һñ䡣
Ǳԩġ
˼ǣ֮Ϊƻڣ˵Ҵżֻɡ
¿̫ިһۣڷԸ
ָһ΢·Ѫ⣬漴ӴܲסһѣضɽҡˮҲ˾ļ¡
΢Ҳ˺ʿЩסˣ˴ʱҲٻ̫ިĻ
Ŀ򰵵̫Ϸǫiϣ̫ϻʳ֮ڣҪһˮҪķһ֮ô漰ˣûһ˲죿
δй¶ۼ֤Ȼ˰ӣ
˭˵ģ޷ǾЩˡ
ĿУ̫ϻʳʮ嶼Щסˣû뵣֮깴
̫Ϸǫiס齷֣þˣ֮궼ڻʳ˵زȴ˲
ЩΪͻƾչУ±ཻɳ£ΨҪ֮²ŻʣǾȫδ֮Ķʮݵʿ̫ϻʳЦ
ʣ˭죡
µ󷨣ٶĳӦȫȻ֪ǿ֮깴᣿
ƹܸ๤̽ĳվ£ر£ġϾҼҼǰҼ̰֮ųն
˾٣ڰ
вԼͬͷ
˭ίҼǰȥ̫Ϸǫiʡ
͵ĳںϵѹ¶ɸĨһͷϵĺµػصǡǵ£ҪҼҼ
ˮ̫ϻʳһǸʲǵµģֹҼҼһˡ
ϾȨ㼯֮أҼҼҪһְף̫ڳϵҼҼǰȥ
Ϊˣвٳ²⣬ѵҼʲô˶ֵ˵»ģ
ʲôӰ쳯þƵĴ£ϣȨ̫ЩӣȻϳʱ׿ڵҼҼҲûзԡ
±ҼҼϡ
˭Ҳû뵽̰֮֮ﱻ
ڳгǵã̰֮ﱾǣ壬ҪسҼҵģ̫
ʱ˶ɣΪλԵҼҼ£ȴ棬Żд˾٣Ǳ⡣


252 
̫Ϸǫi߿, ̫ɫЩף߶µվͷ亹ֱð, ҡûϵ
Ȼ, ⸱ģ顣
ºѲ˸ϵ
̫ϷǫiβԼĶʲôɫ, дǸȻϣ, 齷־촷ۡ
㾹д֮£̫Ϸǫiһһشغ󼷳仰ʵû뵽̫ܸɳ
, ˸̫ͨһ͹ǰ, »˼̫꣬лǴĵη̫Ϸǫiס
ʹʣֻǱɱˣû֮ͬ깴, ֻǱɱˡ
ϧ, 󸹱˹ڵʹ, ˭, Ҳϧ֮顣
̫ϻʳһڳͷأ̫޵Ĵı¡
̫ϷǫiһͷؿŹԼűߵ̫, ʵѪ, Ǻ㣿
ǡˡ̫߶µػص, ϥǰס̫Ϸǫiȣ, ˵ջʳΪãŻô
ţ̫ϻʳǿʢҲʲôλµԭı
̫ˣ̫ϻԼǰڹйĵޣûΣȻжɽپΪ
ѰֲϿޣΪȫҩ˺顣
ݹϾеʵڲ٣ϾһɽپĵʵѵãΪΣĵط
ʱ̫ѿڶ֣Ͼʿرɫ
⣬ܵʿҲⲻ»ɣңҲ֤ȫȻûбƻˡ
Ͼʿ϶ֳȻ֮ɫ
گ»幩飡
̫ϷǫiӳһͨںڵƣӰڿէ֣˻Ƶͳǡ
ƣӰ֮Ϊɢ
ǻӰ
ž̫Ϸǫiһֻȥ٣ʵĪӰȴڳ˵һۼӰ
̫ϷǫiĿ̫ϣڴʱһ˲ֻת˲ΣֻʣһƬᡣ
ָ̧ص̫ġ
ԪӤڵ̫ζùĶһɱĽ̫סͷڵ淭ô꣬ܵʶʹࡣ
Ѫϴüӿ̫ϲδǰ״Ҳ˵塣
ڳڶʿЩ鸴ӣǲ֪Ǹøڻʳλ˲תǸñλ£ԭǸͷβĴ
⣬㻹ʲô̫Ϸǫiʣ֮¾ڻδʮ꣬ô룬Ψһһֽŵĵط
ҡѪӶĲ£Ϊʧ̫ȥң̫Ϸǫi仰ɪһ£ҡ
δüڣɫȻǵͨ죬Ǳס˾޷
ȡ
³ͬʱ̫ΪɫϮ˲Ϣһ촷ɢ
̫Ϸǫi˿գһĻԭأЩʧ
ʣ̫ڶŮʧϾǵĵλףȻ࣬Ҳмָġ
ֱʡء
̫ͱ˶磬죬һֱ˲鷢̫ͻȻ̫ϷǫiҲδܳɹֹЧֻؿ̫Լǰ
˱ۣʱɫȻָ糣иҪҪ졣
̫Ϸǫiҵǰͷ£ҽ޷ŻΪ֮´
ڣ֪жٴΪƻڵ󷨸ǣһע߶ƽڷ˽ֻ֮ȥ
ˣ̫̫ϻ壬Ͷµˡ
ѳɣȥ̫λ
Ϊ˻ҲΪ˻ʳģ̫Եᡣ
һͼȡʳǿʢΪ֮ЩΪ˵ˣкʸ̫ϻʳĵ˹ݡ
䣬̫Ϊ֣ǵʮݵʿƣ̫Ϸǫiϡ
ʿĿע£ҵۻڣ׼
ڶ̫ϻʳʿڴʱϷһݣʥ
̫֮ϣ̫Ϸǫiõʮֹδƫ˽֮Уʿˣ̫ϻʳӡҲ֡
վ̫Ϸǫiڳڶʿ̧֣һ񣺡˷ǳв죬֮ңͬ¡֮ҳһŲأضͼı棡
ͼıģƬءȡǴ˽ʿΪǵūֻһ֮䡣
ڶʿҲæ̫Ϸǫi̫ϻʳľۣǺϵʿ񣬵Ȼ˭ܵġ
ͼ󣬼ȻǰҲټûʮأδû֮Ǳ̫ϷǫiֵԨsŷλУĵ飬֮ͼıóѡ
ڳеλĴܶӦˣⱾӦ֮
̫Ϸǫi漴̫ިҲѳӦл𡣡
˵գ̫ިһ
̫ިվԭأҲδ˱ܣһ
ԶԶԣ
ſ˵ʲô
Ȼ̫Ϸǫi̧ͷڱǷѣǳ֮˪޹أµͼ٣ԣα
̫ިҪƾһԣе
ǰ˪֮䣬Ҳδȫ޸ϵ̫ϷǫiЩ
仰֮󣬱Ҳ˲˲²⣬ıƬأ˪֮࣬壬һҲ˵ͨ
̫ި˫Σյأ̫Ϸǫiҽǣϣȴ̵ġ
ɽ۷ѹ̫ϷǫiѹȥȻˣεѹײ̨ǺȻһ磬Χýʿɺһ͡
Ժϵڵ̫Ϸǫi̫ިδ·磬ҲδԳ֮ɫ
һʱ䣬ڳ˶ʵ˸߼ֵۡ
ڴʱҵ۳֣̫Ϸǫiѹض˵ʲôȻ̬ȣ̫Ϸǫiɫɸ˼֡
֮ʣ迪ڵ۱¶ˣ˪һޡӣڻ֮ǰȻƿǽ񲻹꣬뿪ĸ֮ʱѳɣôܱ֮ȡ
£ĸҲ֪ձ˾һ֤СѪţɴѶĸʡ
ڳʿǵһ˵Щ⣬˭Ҳû뵽Ͳٶ꣬ȴҪһ档
ǰһձǳǳǰȴΪ˿ͣڵǳͼ֪ԣõֻδһֿܰˡ
֮ʱٽԼͼڡ
δлᣬԼʦʦУ¡
ŹͼǼ٣Ӧ˪ұʿ˳Ӧ
˵úã
ڳ»֮ʱʿ̲סȲʵ
ʿ
շ˪ڶʱħ¾ˣ׷ǰȥҹսնڽ£飬ô
ػҲǷ˪ϧǰȥѹʱ״α
еں籩Ҳ˪֮ʲܻȣڽĵӣ֮磡

Ϊ˵ͬʱ˾ɽЩΪǱ˿еģûĨɷЩ¡
һĻ಻ЩȻû뵽ѡ
㱾ֵš̫ި̧ͷ˵۽޲ɫһ˲͡
ǰӣֻ̧ܼһƬޱ޼ʵĺڰʱ֣֮¡


253 
Ⱥ̬, ̫ϷǫiҲ޷֮¡
ԣ壬ʿٵ⡣
֮, ֪жٵط, 뽫֮ضҪķѲʱպŲ顣
, ֮Ǳٶ꣬ʮȵ, ƱҲҪһһ̽Ϊͼıڳʿһ⡣
ǰ˴ڶʿ, ˴³, 壬˽鵱ȻҪһ¶⡣
ұϣڱǳ󣬵֮˻ȥ
֮¸ش, ʵڵ, һĸϻ, Ų֮궯, ⡣
ڶȥ˾ɽ
̫ިʱҵվɽ±, Χ̴, οȥ˾ζ
ͣҵ, δ˵߿յķۣ졣
ɽ۸, ֻɽ֮ڣƻáʱֺ֣ȾϿݻƣɫ
һΣʱѾǼǰˡҵǰ쿪ڡʱվңĿ֮Ϊʳ
Ȼ
ǸΪ֮ΪʿŮԭٶǰѾˡ
ʵ̫ƵʱΪȻ֮뿪˽磬һսվѡ¡
Ҳĵ
һ׶ԣδЩ̡
̫ٶǰҵۻԸţǷˡ
ֻҲ̫Ƶ飬ֻһѡ
û뵽󣬹ƵŮվҵתͷ̫ިЦЦ
ԼҲһοˡ
̫ިشԹһ˵̫ƴǰ£ѧսķһͳ
̫ިĬţδԴϡ
̫ƵһУ˽⣬Ҳ֪˵ʲôҵ֮䣬Ϊ̫Ʋϵ
ĳǳ⣬̫ƺ޳ñطԣʱҵڱչˣδأ֮ѱ㱬ˣ֪̫ϣһŮ
Щ꣬ú𣿡ҵͣסͷŮ
̫㡣̫ިֻ⼸֡
ڣѾȥǰĹһԸʲôź
ҵ۵ɫлζԽ֮һһ˵Ǿͺá
ʵʧ˸ĸӻûмп̫ިʱʲôù⾰
ΪԼǱĸĹ¶
ҪһߵڣΪ˶ηмӵı
ҵûʣֻǵƼ㣬Ȼܸ˵ġ
ʵںϲСɽСӣͬվߵ˾ѵĵز
޳뿪Ͼգ̫ƾվڳǽĿ뿪ʼգδȥҲδعһͷ
;ͬ飬ԼҲһý̫֡ިǵ
ҵҲǣмȻ
ɽȡһö̫ިȥ
̫һϹഫҲλ˪ӡΪµö˪ӡȻޡлЩҽЩĸ򣬶ӦûܶЩá
̫ިǶɽ۷壬ҵܸܵϢֻһѣ˳ϵ
񻹲ʮ࣬ƺδˡʣɱȼϹħһ
̫ިĬؿֶ̣ƾһѪԵ̹Ȼҵ۵ĺ⡣
ҵЦЦļܸ²ǡô꣬δ游ΣҲΪܶõĶ
Ϊ̫ިʵڲʲôȱġ
ʵ˪ӡ֤̫ިݣҵȴ˳ڳһЩ˵˼ûоʹ̫ިȻԼĴ㡣
ϾƸӣʮ꣬໥⣬̫ƵŮ֣ضΪ籩ġ
ѰԪӤʿԣʲô¡
ҵδϵ̫ިΪԶԤ֮ϣӵķΧΪµִˡ
ҵ۵Ļ˵ʵڳϿң̫ި̧л
͸һζҵ۲δ⣬ֵҪϾٶգ
ƼȻ䣬ڵΪ¹ڣҪ£㲻ա
ȼݹĸ׺뿪
̫ި˵ͷӦԡ
̫ĸף̫ިһʱвУǳһġ
˵Щվԭأһʱԡ
ڵ㣬㲻ͷڴ˴ˡãҵۺڣżЦ
̫ި̧˲Զ࣬ɫºһ˲
ܻϲҵע⵽һ㣬̲סʵ
ҵ̫ި˻ش
Ȼϲ
ҵЦǾͺá
ֶĿ̫ި࣬Զ̧һ
˺ܾã̫ި
ЦЦƬ̡
֣̫ިϰΪؽָŽģҲδͥһ㲢ɽȥ
ԼİŸ֪ࣺݹŮ󣬱һС
ǰȥ̫ިԼõ£Ҳ뿴̫ƺ೤ɽš
΢΢һɫȼλʦǡ
ѴӦҪͬ׵ġ
̫ިȻû£ˣһǳЦ⣺ʲô
ɿϣѾˡ
ɽ´³һƬݶݣǣ̫ި߹һݶڷƮ
Ͼļգ̫ިԾסС
̫ϻ˳ΪڶСɽһأ̫ިȴϲ鷳ǡСŶȺȥ࣬Сɽ㽫ס¡
ڶ౱Ͼķڡ
̫ިϾգһںСɽӱҲ˺úùһϾĻᡣ
ΪʳǣϾʢĳǳأȻֵһ۵ȥ
ҵ۸̫ިϵֶ˼
֮ڣ˫΢أڹתƣ֮
Χһл̫ިĸ֪УչϾϸ΢ҶӹһƷ磬֪
һƬãУʶϸãвӽɫâ֪̫ިٴιͨط
ϴΣط̫ިѾȫȻ޷Ĵڣӽâתжڹķ˸
ڷ֮£ؼһжΡ
̫ިԼʶ쿪֪˶ã֪ΪһƬڰƬڰУӨӨǻ
ǡڡ
ˮһƬأһпš
̫ިǵǻʶΪ֮俿
ڣ̫ި͵˫ۣǿѶ֮ʣɣѪУǲһѪ
Ͼ˼Щ̫ިھ⡣
̧ȥƺҰɽɫ
ڵķ
ٶǰ֮γɽڷĺģڣ


254 
, һ˵ʲô
̧ۼ̫ިƾ½󾹲֪ΪȾһƬѪ, ɫһ, ζʱࣺި
б䡣̫ި⼸֣漴ʧԭء
ڣ
ȫδ̫ިĻ, תͷԲӣ⼸տСɽһ
ͷ, òi϶˼ࡣ̫ި飬ܽ㷴Ӧģֻǲ˵Ĵ¡
ڵ, ε֪ģ
໯Ϊԭ, ȫۼ׵ĺ𣬴֮䣬˲Ϣ֮⡣
̫ި֮䣬߿յķХ, ѻɫĳ, ۵˪ѩ֮ɫᡣ
֮ѽڷĺ, ԭڣ˫Ŀ͸ɫ, ôȵ˴δἰ¡
ˣȵײ뿪ɽŵԭƺһֽ͡
µĿ, Ҫסڷĺġ
Ȼƿطӡ, ڴ֮, ȫϮ֮£̶̰վʹϾϸɽš
Ұ£ɽΪ겻˪ѩ, ƺܸܵܶ˷θĺ
ڵӣеԲصĴƣ˳ɽ֮ڡ
ɽ۵ķιʤ档˷ټɽžȻû졣
һаЩ֡
Σüǰ˲ԤС
ײĲ֪У̫ިһۣʱѭȥ
ɽۻػֳһ޴ĽƣƾڱıԵ
ӼӦǵվڽΧתȫάסƣɡ
ǵɫÿմѪҲ˴룬ʱȥЩǱǸովһս
λαùһɽУԭеˡʱſƣӭ磬ܵüֹ͡
˽編ȫעɾޣתͶ壬иһĿܡ
Ӧǵûлش𣬻ʵûشǵȻάֽƣûóĵ߸
һиýˡ
߸̾һһɽУǵض˳һġ
ʵڳ˶Ҫߣ
ӳӦǵݣɫ䣬ʱǲջõĽҲˡ
ûôҲûôֻҪһջάֵĽƱ
ŻζԽԽ̺ԽƣҪûʱһӰȻӦǽǰǿе£
𵴵ನɽӣ䣬˺ǿסΡ
Сࣿͬʱڿʱ϶ɫ
Ȼû뵽ڴʱ
ɽеĵ߸Ȼһ˲ûٳ֣ǻ˹ȥ
Ϸ׶©΢⣬̫ިվ鲻ϲ
㻹ˡ̾һĿİɽԵЩģ
Ǹ̫ި඼İˣڼǰǲŸոռ
ҵһ£ֶ̫ިƺ˼Ȼ
Ѿ跨Ͼգȴˡ
Ǹýҵ۱£ǣ֮ꣿ̫ި䵭ڣвʲô
ҵЦЦ˫۽Ϊīɫǣǲлһ游ˡ
ڸӵĿϣڴ֮ǰδɹҵۡ
˭ỳƵŮĸף
ҵǰʱӼǺ޷ؽ˽˭Ҳľܾһ˼Ůǰһߵĸס
Ͼڼǰҵ۲֪̫Ȼ䣬Ƿجġ
һжȻҲǺ޷֮ʱҵۺȻǳ֡
ʧٵ⣬ʣ¼ϣǶɽµΪд˵ҵۣռϷ硣
ҵ۲öñںɽѰ˽ڷĺģӦǵ˸ĴĽ᧿Σ
Ͼҵ۶ֻ֣ܴ߶ȫάסơ
㾿Ǻʱҵ۱£Ӧһһʵ
ҵϹһƺ΢Ц飬صԼǺܾ֮ǰˡ
õҵ۵ʱ򡣡
֮˽飬޷ϵ⣬ֻϾ֮Ум˸׿̽Σ
ҵ۵ʱΪҪʹò¶άֵҲһʱ̣Ϊ˲Լ¶һɱһصвĴɱ
رչأȻ¡
û˲ߣʱ»û֪֮Ĵڣû壬ҵ۵䣬Ϊ֪
ٶǰһۣҵ۲δֱӲ롣ֱ幦ܴɣΪ֮ת˽磬һֱĻԳ֡Ҳ˹ʣɣòƱչأơ
úϾʮΪıȨƲƣҵ׽ֻ֮࣬˳⣬ûĸ̫ϷǫiΪ
ҵԽ̵̫ϷǫiҲʱ𣬽ڸ׳Ƴ򳹵һͳΪԼĿꡣ
Ϊ֮ѵˣҵһֱڷĺģڡֻʱΣһ̤ڽڣֻ̱ᱻ쳣
ҵ۲սڵķƣѴ̫ƿ˽ܡ
Ϲħʱķ¼ûƽ⡣
ֻܵȡ
ȵ˳ͻƴˣȫϵ϶ٴγǰ
̫ިĳ֣ҵ˵Ǹ⣬ʵû뵽̫ƺ޳ϣԭһŮ
ڼ̫ިʱҵ۲ŷ֣ʵؼǵԼŮ
̫Ƴ󲻾ãȡ׵ݣ̫Ƴģҵۡ
ǵѧ龰ǵгĵһʣǵѧ·ʱӣǵ緢ָģҲǵΪ񳯰ݵϡ
̫ިЩطʵں̫ƺ
ԼΪԵʣҵ۸öһ˳Ͼɡ
٣ڴʱᵶ
̫ިˡ
Ȼչ̫ިҵۣͬʱҲˡ𣬷˪ӱϮ֮¡
ҵ۴ƣڵѹ£ЮסƱӦ顣
кɫʣսĶȥ˪ӡڣ޷̫ި֡
һβǰɨҵһ̫ިѾϵһһ𣬲ܣ֮
ҵ۱ǿбˣײɽ֮ϣȻײİɽвϻ졣
ȻЦ
̫ިʶģҡҡ׹Ľ£ܿյĻ߾
˿ڡ
ֻ仰վһµһ˲ԭǿ֮ĩĽƺȻ飬һɱʱɽɢ
֮⣬ȻڽӦҵۡ
ನƷӦǵˣɣǵʵڲôá
ɽڴظ죬໯ΪԭΣβ˾סܹɽʯ
̫ިнӡڴʱӵ߶£ĽͬƺֿʼҪؾۡ
תɫЩ԰ףȴȻ
ҵۻվе㲻
ǲҲرҲء
Ҫ̫ިŭ͸
ѡдϼ⡣
˫ʣҵ۵ǿǣһ̣ϢȻøΪǿ
ǲڴ˽ҵľ磬ڴ֮ϡ
ѩɽϣƻۡ
˵Ϲź֮ʱµľ磬ɳɡҵۿڣ
Ѿȫ¶òǣβצֻǱ˾ͽԪ衺ѣҵ۵θߴ࣬ϢҲǰ߿Ա⡣
ڵֻ壬ʵҲ
ֲ̫ʱô˵ĶĿ
תҵ۲һӣ͸Ӳۼףһһɼǵ˿ڡ
Ѿдʵ࣬Ҳȫҵ۵Ķ֡
ײɽʯϣڵأѪƬ£ſڵϣһʱû
̫ިһĻнӡٶȲͣǿٴγεĽƵеķ籩ʱ鿪
һһҵűϮصػڴĽϡ
̫ިɫԽ԰ڣʮº󣬽ٴ顣
屻Ʒɣβѵ㴦ס
գѾֹڷƻ
̫ިԴâȼһѻ
Ϯ֮ǰ޾־⴦֮У̺׵ڴҵ֮ʱɿ쿪ʼ֮
̫ިѪᣬرԴǿʹҲ¡
һѪָ£ôҲҪҵΪԼΪЩۡ
ҵ۵꿪ʼȴ񲢲˫ֻкɫ
ɱңȴɱˡ
ǡ
ҵ۵ȫ֮ʱһһǿϢд
壬ˡ
ƴһ̫ިӦǵˣǿгɽ
Ӵɽ忪ʼݣɽʯ£رɽѣĩա
յϢϮϷƻУһ͸¶ζ
ѩϣѪȾѩɫǱˡ
Ӧǲ֪ʱ˹Զһӿգ򢡣
ӣʳǴ˽ڣƬضΪ֮ʱ᳹׳١
֪ʿ롪ӦǻӵаγϢԾɲȣȴδɡ
סǡ̫ިЩ˻ƣҲ˽ݽߵĵز
ӦתͷЦЦһʱ̡
עݣһ̣գһĻᡣ
С࣬ި뿪Ӧǳֵ
סǵʹ
ôһֱĬĬܣΪΨһӵ࣬Ҳδ¡
ΪܱǵȣӣӦǡ߸ʦϣҲΪ
ס˱㹻ˣһࡣ
ֻ˭Ҳû뵽ٶ󣬻˱ʡ
ڷһƣȥ裬ʵѹƴ˽£Ӧӭǰڸ
ҲȺվϲʲôη壬ֻһƬ̹Ȼ
ڵӣԿΪ
ǿϢ̮ɽй¶֮£ɽپӦǵҲԵС
˫ͫйˮǼӰһĳХ
Ҳʱ̫ިһɫӰϷӹ
֪ʱƮѩ̧ͷֻһۣ޷˵سֵķ
طӡ飬ԻصɢХƺƬضΪ֮

ȻϷգǱǿ˺ѿ
̫ިһ⡣
˪ִҫѡ
߿У˪ţǻȥ
϶˱ˮֲѩᡣ
Ѫɫĳâڴ˿׹Уʹ ķӼһ̾ӿԺС
̫ިһƬã建ȥ˪Х⡣
¶ʮʮڷΪƣ˪ѣ˽һ࣬ʴڵĴ㡣
ͬգ̫ڴսʧȥټ֪


255 
̫ިһͳĵʮ, صԽϡ
ȺûȭͷΪʯЩ˹ֵǰ
λ, ι״»Ҷ̸״, ̫ިһ˫ͫ͸޻ʵı䡣
ԼǲϢԽԽ䣬·ĭɵڱ, ͣ½Ҷ̻Ź̡
֪˭ȿԽԽϡ漴ӦһƬ
ǰ䲻ʮط, ҲˣȴҪôʯ衣
ȥ, ֻ³綼Ҫ·
Ȼ, 㽫
̫ި仰ڣٿųòɿͣסͷ, ֪˵ʲô
ô, ʿûٴŽħ, ѹԴ, Ҳд֣ǰȥӡ
ԣ϶Ŵʤ, Ͼ, ˵ͨ, ܲѺѵˡ
Ժֱʮǰŵһͳ
ǻ̫ި, £ʵûʲôģҲûеӵ̫ިᡣ
Ÿôѳ֮£ڱļǡڴʱϣһ硣
Ȼһأ塣
ԴΪɣټڶ򣬷вߣɱ⡣ǲ̶գ弯򣬹
¼䣬ȺݡΪߵľڣҲ֧գ㳹ܣԴ˶򾡹¡
ս̫֮ިɽΪӶ뱱ϡ֮ݽ⡣
̫ިܹܵƬؼڲ˥ˡ
ΪˣʿԹ෽δѰԴ֮ǰӰ죬ƺһֱ쵽
¶̫ިصĹٶȱչءʱкϵڵľ磬ȼȡ
ڼ䣬̫ϻǲʹǰҪ̫ިϹС
̫һ갺ͷдţϹǶ̫ިĶ͡
̫ި֣ϲŭ̱㽫˷ˡ
˱ˣ̫ި˽ӻ
ԼΪʱ̫ϷǫiöñԵʣ̫ϻʳûϾһ
̫ϻ˷ڵĽҲ֮ͬǰһ㣬޹
̫֮꣬ިչĹδǰֱͻƴ֮ʣͨطȱ
࣬Ȼ䣬ڷ飬֮նڡ
Ϊʿȡʱ䣬ɽţһ
˪Ѫսգնɱǧ֮꣬ѩɽۣ֮ʱѪȾ£ͷѩ
ɽ±ߣ泯֮˫ۡ
գʮȺ䣬ʿʱ֪֮Ǳ֮УıڴƽڽƣΪʴ޷ֹ֮롣
Щ֮Գ塣
ʵԶڴ˽ʿ֮ϣ࿹ֻܲ˱ܡ
ڶദΪʴ̫ިͨµԱ棬Զʿ֮ء
౻ʬɽ۵ϢǴʱ˱
㽫ʬպ׹ɽ⡣
õϢ̫ިȥڡ
ϲǷ飬Ƿ飬ڿԻˡ
ȻݣתͶ֮ʿ޴˽̤ڴˡ
̫ިһ߿ܣһ·ڣǰ·סȥ·ģԻѪˮ
ɽϱϢ꣬ಽظ̫ިͬһ֮ΧУɱһرѪ·
ֽףգΪ磬Ϊ衣
֮䣬½Ϊոʴ˽ֿ֣ΣУͣΪʹʮڣֿսϡ١
ǴѰرԴ֮ɱմ˽磬ϧһֱδ
ѹ£̫ިҲòʱΨбͩ鵺δ䡣
ٷأ࣬ͩ鵺Ⱥʿ¾֮֡
ͬʱ֮أսգʿѪӸ߿䣬ɱڶѪӸ߿䣬ȾƬ
̫ިˮУβ϶İ߲˺ۣ¾ɲһΪڿ֮ʱ
¸֪ľҲûκ˸óȻǰ
̧ͷҰ׵ʽİգÿһ̣ƬصĽڶڱʳ
̫ިѾҪ֧Ųסˡ
;ĩ·ĸ֣ڴʱǡ
Ը±һڸ翹ʿڳе·ڣ˫ֻһƬɫ
̫ި֪˭̫ϻҵ̫ǰΪᣬҲ彵ٴ˽֮һ
ԭû֪ڷĺڣĻɽϹŴ£ħҪֹȫĵط
ƫƫҵ̫Ƶĸף˻ɹ̤ɽ֮ڡ
ԭĲƣʮݸóıҲֻܴƲֽڣȫɢıƣ֮Ƭڱƻ󷨣ֽڵķȫ顣
Ϊ˹ʣŻڶ̶̼ռ㳹䡣
̫ި𴽽ǣͫ䣬ȾѪ͸żұϧϲʹĹ
ĺˮȻڷУһħǻ
ˮŽ̫ި𣬸߿շɢ̧ʾ⣬ʿȥ
׷ǰȴΪӿĺˮסȥ·
ƿˮ̫ިԣǺһȻ
ָ⣬ֻ̧Ѫɫķɿӡħ֮ϡ
ϹħʬǺ飬Ҳδɡ
ŷһ£п޽а֮޾Ѫɷ֮УħǱΪһһѪɫ⡣Χнӡһħɢһ̣̫ި󷨵ԳΡ
ҵ۳ױɫû뵽̫ިǲգҪһսѪɷ֮ħźΪγһ᲻ɴݵķ
𱾾õʦ
ھһ籬ѣ̫ިԼɾۡ
źǵӰʿ˳Ĭ
ҵȣϡ
Ǿ߰˰ߵǿʼʱ鶼ȥ
ҵ۲뵽̫ިѾ˷֮ԭ˽磬ȴԼΪۣ֮һĴ
һˡ
Ѫɷ֮ķ±˺ţ̫ިԴ˳ɷħǣעҪΪ֮ۡ
̫ިη壬Ҳδʲôڵ˼
ȻΪگ׷ҲӦǡ
꽫Ҫһɲǣ̫ިıһ̣Ȼˡ
ɢ䣬£һ߱װسûںף˫Ŀգ꣬Ŀʱ
һɫĹâĿ˭Ҳ֪ѰõرԴԭڡ
âӿΪڵķ
رԴЮųâһ𣬱Ϸɢ⡣
һ̣㣬ƬغȻĿ⡣
һз·𶼾ֹˣ̫ިɢرԴУɲǼ¶ת׺ɣʱĳӵת
סرԴɿţ֮䡣
߰ٶǰ̫ިھµǰۣ۴ɫһ
ؾ۵˼䣬һΣĹۣʱھµǰ
ưö£пտҲҪ
̫ިΪԼص߰ٶǰ
߰ٶǰʮֻ꣬Ǿƽ£粻صĵӡ
ʱ֪ԼԽʱ⣬ǽ˰ꡣ
ֱϣһ̣컯ֽȻ෴ķٶڽ㣬ڵرԴҲڴ˿ֻأ̫ި
е¡


256 
Ϸʱ, ʮʿУ
Ļ֮£ѩȻ, ɽѣƺƴ, ĩ֮
ӣ𽥲ʳûƬ, ջϢӰ, Ҳÿ쳣
Ҳһ, ʿĿúԡѪնһɫӰ
ھطӡΪԼǿƳ, ɻصײ֮ʱȻըЮڿγһһдڶ˺Ž飬Ϊޡ
С࣡ӦǵΣ˻ѪԸߴϣѪᡣ
˾Ʒ, Ӱűѩɽʯһɽ¡
, ӦڷѩдµΪѪȾɫѪɫ˳ָ, ׹ѩϣұĻ
ϷѾȫİգѩ֮Уɽֻԫϱڡ
³ӦԼ, ٲһˣ򴽣վûѡѰ̫ިӵˡ
ʣϾȥΪҪģǸ֪̫ϻʳʼĩ令ճ룡
һʮʮ˺գ֡
գϾ£Ϊֳаճ룬̫ϷǫiʻʳسţԡѪս
ѾϾ֮ϣƬ֪ǳޣ̫Ϸǫiվڳ¥ϣȾѪƣɫ
Ѿҹδۡ
·ʳ̱ӣɱ𣬲б£սȾѪ˷졣
ǰսУС壬ʵҲȶ飬Ϊ׼꣬Զڴ֮ϣ
£Ϊ岻ĻʳʮϰΪۣ¾ɱˡ
Ͼزסˡ̫ϷǫiڣȻ
̫ϻ彨Ͼ꣬ȴסˡһʧݣʳϱձض̻󲻰
վ̫ϷǫiԣҲȾѪɫ޽ӻ˼
̫Ϸǫiɽȡɡ
̫ϻʳȨӡУͷŵɣҲɾȻ
ŵȥѰˡ̫Ϸǫi̫֮ϻʳΪ
̫һʮŮ̫Ϸǫi̫ƽ֮ʱҲûһʸ񵣸ʳ˥οΣ֮ʡ
ؽ㣬ܹĽ̫ϻʳиģΨ̫ި
̫Ϸǫi·СɽǰǳԼδ뿪ҷ׷׳֣ռ令ڶϾճ룬Щսڴ˵Ļʳʿûаװ
һʮʮˣϾƣ̫ϷǫiһڳսͷʳٲһɢУЯвӡ
ʮ³Ͼ·ʳء䣬ظƣΪΪ棬˽ʿͣΪ
ʮһʮһСɽһ·飬ЯڶԸ⳷գ뱱ڡ
ɽ룬Ϊͬ䰵йᣬСɽ˲أڶʿƴɱһѪ·
ʮһʮţϣ֮ͣΪӥȮ
ʮһ³̫ټȺףǳԨ޾Я山ԳΪ磬
*
ޣ죬ǡ
ԱĴĿڵĳꪣֳ֮ɫ
ѳꪣһʶ𾴵ˡ棬Ϣա
׷Ůվ󣬻ջسꪣɫ䲻κζݡ
Ϊʲôס
Ϣƽպ飬Ϊ˸Ϊδд
Ϊ˸һ
һʮʮһ£䣬ϢΪ˾˾ȣʧټ
Ϣմ֮λЯͶ߽ͣΪ¾
һһʮߣ򳹵䣬ԸΪĻʳɢӣ̫ϻʳƮҡ
ʮţٱޣʱͩܵС
ޣͩ
Ӱڵ֮ϣƬ̣Ʊ㾡鿪ش˵ļ峤ȺУķԸ߿׹䣬
̧־¼׵ķѪд߶嶯
ת㻤뼸ֻ׷ƾ
ʦ𣡡ۣʲô˼
ǶɽʿߣȻǲѵģȴһ֮
㾳ʿǰС˳롣
ȻǶɽʿôʲô
䭵һ쳣ƽȡ٣һ񿪣ǰڶ嶯΢΢һ١
ʦ𡪡
󻮹ʣֻؿ䭵ӰԽԽԶΪûײһֲ䭺ڡ
ʮһʮ壬ԭͩ߾ս
*
򣬲ݣϪ
ҹɫټլ֮ڣֻݫiһˣʵЩ֡
ݫiΪϣΪˣڤⶬն˵ߡ
ȼ裬ȵĻ£ݫi¼źصĶ񣬴ɫһƬס
ĦĴƿɫ֮ԵЩİĪ⡣
ƿҩ޼ģȻ޷ںܻһһ
常ѶϣĴ
ͩ·Ҳʲôֵ¡
ݫiƿ뻳Уƿţ˷ѩС
ʮһʮߣϪϼݫiǰͶϣշ籩Ű֮ء
ԽգȡΣ֮ʣʧվõĴ˺ն飬ʿʱ
³¾Σ⹬ʹ̳棬ʿγݵ㣬
ʱмĸз֮ơ
£ޣͩڡ
岻Ϻ󳷣ͩн֮ضΪռ£¥ƬԭΪˣǲòʮСġ
ȥֻһƬѩ֮ΪҲԵֵǱ
Ϸձиһǰһڹ밵֮
ϻֻ̣һƬ޾ţƺ
ʦô˻ʵ紵صۣñ£ֻ¶һ˫ۡ
¥ɫ԰׵Щ͸ȥЩѪ㣺˸ҵġ
ǴУΪѰ̫ި
Ѿʧٽһ꣬˶ΪԼˣСɽӲš
¥ſģָתԼǰһ㣬̫ިǰչ
һ˲Ѫ
ֲ˲¥Ķ
̫ިΪԶ֮ϣ̣̽ҪЩɡ
ϧʲôҲûܿ塣
¥ʮΣҲһ̫ܿިһǡ
𽿴ԼЦЦû¡
Ҳϰˡ
û˵ʲôֻס֣תڡ
ڵĸ֪չȴһ˵ǰһ߰ɡ
˵ʦǰ治Զ
Уٹգ㵽˱ԭͷڻԶԶɼ޾ˮ
ղʶ֪̽Χܵʶڴһʹ¥ڱԣĬĬϢ
¥һγɹָ̣̽ı߱ҲδѰ̫ިֺټ
ȥΡ¥ڡ
Ĭص˵ͷϷ㡣
𽣡
Ϣ֮ϷͻȻ¥˵ĺһɽ˲䵽ԡ
ʲô
ĺһ͡
ںˮı㴦ŮȻУ˫΢أ
ʦ㡪
վԭأ˶
ĸ֪Узһ̫ިǰ
ʦ㣡ȭͷ棬ѿͽţڴ̫ިļ
ˮڴʱо̣𽱧ס̫ިޣûСɽһĳԳ֡
̫ިʧô𽲢δǰ¶κλ޴룬ֱѰһ̣Ÿй
¥ʱǼҲЩᡣ
̫ˣҵʦ㡣


257 
Ȼ, һƳ֣漴쿪ɿ첼档
ɽ, ˵ӰԱӿβڱӳں, ¥ΧС
𽻳òұŮڣһ, ·ϮϷ
̧תǿл⣬Գֳ
̫ިʧٺ󣬲ֹҲѰҪ, ȻصǿرԴƬ
˽رԴܼӿ츲ٶȣȡ֮Ϊ˽ˡ
ֻǳ̫ިǿرԴƬ⣬ɳѰ, 嶼δٵκйرԴϢ
̫ިټɾͳ弫Ϊĵ, ͨ, ̫ި͸ʼնΪһλ
ͬ, ¥Ҳͨϣǰ˷ټ, ʱ֪, ˶ǰ¡
ͶͣԸΪӥȮֻܱ˷¡
ǰΧ¥˳û뵽, ǾȻڴҵ̫ިƻڳ˯е̫ި˸̰â
ֱŵһݴ
ɱ
˳ϸꪣڿгΣϮǰڶ˳βһ˦צƿնƥ
нӡббͣڿУתɶء
ָ⹴𣬼п˶һͣͫʧȥ⣬ǾֱֱԼͬ塣
ʮع
˳ϿзͳХͬΪ˵ХʱҲ̲ס¶ʹ֮ɫþԻȻûѹͬ˺ҧȥ
ɫЩף¥վԣ𻤶ܣסˡ
ʦߣҶϺ󡣡
ǰ˳ѾǶڵΪ¥ȴڻȥκκô
ҵʦʱǱѾ鴫ѶҪǴʦԮϡ
ʦУ
¥˼ûжԣ˵ͷ̫ިرȥ
Ҫ׷ǰȴͬסսһƬ
˦βɨɳڻþԼˣ˳¶ŭɫٱзһŭĳХ
ХΧ֮ҡΣˤ䣬¥ǰ·
ɫףն˳ϵצڱһȦΪǱ
һ񾳵壬Ȼܽõ˵زֲͨ
һ󾳽Ĳ࣬ξҲֲˡ
ˮţӱѷ쵹ƣڿУʹࡣ
𽣡ϣԶԶһĻ¥ȳѪ
̫ި£תΧǰˣ
ΣնʦЩС
﹦ת΢֮£¥Уǰ϶˿ҡ
ǵˡ
¥ޱնǵңҶϿ֮ʱһֻһֻ˴žĪʧȥϢ
˵֮ʱ¥ŻѪǰҡΣؼһк񶼱Щģ
ٵһȣԮˡ
ֻҪ١
˳ĲڶϣֽһԣгһӣѪɫ¥.ǰһɼǵ˿ڣ建ȥ
󣬾ǻδѵ̫ި
ˣȿֺ˽ȥݹ͡
һ̣˳۽޲һ˲뿿ɽʯԵ̫ިۡ
ɫͫӳޱǺӣǰϲκα顣
ֻһۣڶ¥˱㵹ɶڵ˳Ҳ޷ֹסȥƣײڱ֮ϣһѪ
ſڵϣѵذ̧ͷȥٿֳȵĿ־塣
𡭡
̫ިǶɽ۷Ĵܣ
һ̣˳ٲҪߡ
̫ިվڶϣıӰƺ㶯Ȼر⣬Ϣ׷˳ϡ
βӶϣϢ֮䣬ԭػһ񣬾Զϡ
һ˲Ȼԭը촷ۡ
öڵ˳ϣȻϢ
һĻˤԶڶɪɪ¶޷εη֮ɫ
ЩֻԼʶ󣬲οֲ
̫ި¥ڵϣЩɢͫӳӰһԣڵأϢ΢
ʦ㡭ѪȣЦŻһ
ġ̫ި˵
ʱ¥ڰĵιȥ
̫ި̧֣ԭε·ܵ˸һ㣬·ӿϷĻս֯γһͼ
ްɫ£˷紵̫ިƵȹǣڹת޾رӿľûֹһ㡣
ʧȥʶʱ̫ިǶɽ۷Ϊ
ǲڷĺľڣǿֹ򣬻ʱͻ˺ϵ
ѰرԴȴ֪رԴΪڡ
Իķ޾Թɷ࣬ڣŴ˽ܻʣµرԴ
ҪҲעĻʱڵرԴڻܻµ磬һӵط硣
ʱرԴͻҲʱ̫ި۲дرԴƬںϣֻء
ķҲͬһ̫ި֮Уһ̣ǰ֮컯ķҲѡ
컯ĸ
̫ިѰ˲ȫطԿס
ڳ˯ʱУԽʱγɵѺֺϣرԴϴ壬һ
ӿ룬̫ިϢ𽥿ʼѹɢ˲ĵη塣
δн׻ۣƺͬһ
־
һһӽɫķ̫ިܣطǰչ̧֣ӽ飬âӿüġ
ϵˣ
̫ިϵ﷨Ƶٽʱδʹͣͣ
δ֮ʱڴΪ֮ϣ
ʲôε鿪ɲǼ䣬ɢʿеս
ڽգ̫ިѵһɡ


258 
, ҷƿˮɿʻȥ
ǰֳ֮ʱΧһ̺Ȼ, ӿͬһ
ʲô
֮ڣ֪ķϴͷ, üԶԭ
д˽磬ֵΣ֮, ²Ըĸ飬ԵϿС
ΪԿͣСɽ磬˷¥ǰͩСɽһҲɹʶԮ, 御ȡ
ֻǴ˷¥˵ıԭڲԶԽӵѶ󣬶ǷǲԮм־岻
Ǿֻ·ǵȲ, ᵹ
ۼλִ, ӧ, Ԯ, ٵֻ¾ˡ
δ⾪, ֲࡣ
ڿԭʱ, ؼȻŨýҪʵʡ
̧ͷȥֻ֮ӭΪ, ӵŻ۶
ǡ𣿣
˾ɽ̨ϣۼ̫ިԴʱҲ׽ϳ
ڽס
˺ƴƣ̲ס룬ǵϵ֮ʱҲС
δ뵽ھͻƺϵ̫ިٶȲδ֮ơ
غΪ˻ȸԾʱ˿̣̫ިϢԺϵٶڴ˾Բ֮ʱ
޾֮ɨԭú淭һؿסΣܵǹİİЩս
Ϊޣ೤̫ϳУںǰʶħ֮Ĵڡ
Ҳǽڴ֮ϣؾ硣
֮пɵɣ
񣬾Ȼطȫ£ͻҲԽô
âϷ䣬ԡУкȻ˼
̧ͷϷϮĻƺʵ˼֣֮ǰ˵ʱ鿪龰
ͬʱʮʿҲע⵽Ļı仯϶¶ϲɫ䲻֪ԵɣֵܵסϮָ
һжϣ
ԭ֮ϣ̫ި˻Ե¥ӽ֮ɫ
һ̣ڷ֮£Ѫ˿ڱڼһ漴ھҲڻ⡣
ط֮رԴ𣬲̫ިһ֮䡣
ֻڵսţΪ־ΡǵȻӣֻ̫ިѹ£á
ѱ˽磬̫ިǣڡ
µһ̣ЩΧ¥ȻϣǴ绯촷ۣҲûС
ķأΪΣһĻЩӡ
ʵ˾η
ᣬ𡣡̫ިǰ
̫ިδڣ΢΢ָ̧ϲƷ±Ȼһ¡ϣӡһ⣬Ƿ˪֮
ԼΪ̫ިඨµĻ֮󣬷˪㽫̫ި֮Ϊʧȥʶڶ롣
ˮУӺۣƯ޾ڣճڱ£ֱ¥ѭҵ
˯֮ʱкα䡣̫ި̧ᣬвӽ
ǶɽΪķᣬҲעºһͣ漴ŵԵ֮󡭡
ԼؽԼ֪ģ¼·Ĵ˵ڷڲҲδ
˵ʱ¥ת
ܵתͨ¥ֳɫ΢ĹһõùȣҪܷɡεΣ¥ԭԼҪӭѪµ׼ȴھһ㲻ʡ
ˣǰܹһЩҲȬ
̧̫ި¥֪ѹҲһ˲
ʦڵľ硭
תڵϢһ죬һ̫ިߣδóȻڣϷĻ
ƴҵʿУֻܱâ棬ʮݶΪݣµʿǷƮҡ
˵ɫڳء
ͳ±ͩʱпܾٱ帹أܲܽ£ȴްա
£ڶ಻Ͻ͵ʿΨһľݵ㡣
Ļ̫ިδԣָֻ̧⣬üһ㣺л
ڷỹδӦ֮ʣʶбȻһâ֪ԼܽȫգͻƺϵҲͲԶˡ
л𣡡̧̫ިһ
ʦ㣬Ļ˵꣬𽷽ſڣ̫ިǵΣ
Ȼرô
̫ިȴȥڡ
ʲô
仰Ƿᣬ¥ʱֳɫ
ȫУ̫ϻʳϾһڣƿ֮
˽ļߣаϾǰڣ֮
ʵ̫Σˣʧ̫ިȻɣǰ֮ٻ̫ðա
߷ŵ꣬ʵԶڴ֮ϣɱȼˡ
Ҫȫط򣬱Ҫ޲ڽڵ϶̫ިص
仰󣬷᲻ͫ΢Ҳ֮
ĬƬ̣һԼڵϵ˼ǣ֪βȫ򣿡
ܲȫطعǿʢҪ㲻ǲ֮£
˷֮У̫ިѻĳɢڷУɫޱϲǡ
ƱҪһС
ֻҲΪݣȥֻ»谭
Ǳɱ̫ި͸Ȼɱ⡣
Ǳɱ


259 
˳, ¥ǰҵģս졣
Զȥ, ΢΢ЩأԷ̫ިɵ, Ҳ֮¡
̫ި鲻ʲô仯ӭŴʻķ, Կһйޱ֮⡣
ˣ¥˿δԥ̧
ڷϣ׷ǰʾ, ڵΣ
ͬһƮ崬ӣھɫ
۵תֱУƬ̣Ѿ˾
, ǰ, Ƿǵ, ӭ, £
Ȼη岻, ҷۻӷ, ת˷򣬸̫ި
δ뵽ǲû, Ͷ
ѵǱɵˣ
֪ӲˣʱͶٻܱסһС
Ǵ˽ʿʶȤã֪粻ûҪ翹ʵڰװ˷ҵʱ䣡
˴ĴڣǿҲǿλһս֮ολλ٣ʵĴ磬Ϊʹ֮ء
һԴȻ޾ȡ˽ⷽȺ㶼ūΪҵȿԴ

Уθߴ̸ЦǶǣȫɫۼףβϳ̣̫ިռ֮һ޶
ڽ֮ʱ˽磬ǣֻǰڷ飬˺ѽںٴ˽磬ǡ
ԴԴϵӿ룬ھѹ£˽ʿˡ忴ǹռⷽǳ£˽һУ֮
¥ϲҲͶĴ˽ʿЩֻۣǴײԣ˵ʲô
Ĵӽ֮ʱ֪һӴϢʱȻɫ
λˣ
Уνλʵڴ˽ʿ֮λпȵδ֮ʱɵʵ
λ棬Ǵ˽ʿҲ⣬֮ǰǿ֮ʱǿ֮ʱµϹŷŽλɱ
ֻһУֺֹλολ֮ϣʵɵļλ
𲻹ŵɣʱλϣ᲻̫ðգ
̫ިıӰɫֻվû÷۵ת
ˮ̫ިǰԵ쳣ѱһǰ崬Ѿɡ
һ̣Ȼں¥С
һ˲δüƷΧ¥㾡ըѿ۶ϣˮУ֪δüӦ׷ˤˮС
뺣ˮ֮ʣѾעǵˣԭƽĺȻ캣ˣЮ
һУ̣ԶЩ
ˣӺҽҶƵ¥ţˣ¥˳еʱ㸲
˭
ϣŮε䱻紵ģʱƮȻȥ
ڶٲЦ֮ɫɵη塣
𡪡¥кʿʧڣϳ̫ި
ͨһ𣿣
һ̣ʹ˽ʿԼͬǷλĵ͸
ɱ¥дԴΨһһλ
¥ٴ̫ި廹ѾͶĴ˽ʿ𣬸ɫХŴķ£ӳǰĻ
̫ިȴڼǰʲôδʮɱ㱻Ρ屻ˮţϢʧϢīɫѪҺ⺣Ⱦ˺ɫ
Ϊսʿ̫ި֣ɳҡ
˴ʱκηҲ˽ǰڶཱུ͵Ĵ˽ʿսսȫս⡣
λͬѵΪūôʱ;֪в
˿̣Ӧɱ͡
Ļ¥ϵʿ˴˶ӣ֪˭һε壬еڶ
˭ԸΪūۣɣûϵػ
岢ǲսʤ֮ʱЩʿ˷ľġ
۾磬ǵȷ壬һ˲磬ʮˣˣβ࿹
¥ңû뵽ЩΪ˳ԼʿȻҲҷ⧲֮䣬ʹԼƲūС
λŭسХһû뵽Լֻһʱ죬ݱ˾档ɫԶӶڷۡ
̫ި̧֣ȻֹסȥƣתٴηӶأƳλ
ں棬ɵؿ̫ިĴУӦûԼʿǣǰŮ˭ΪϢԼ£
ܣ
λ޾̫ިϮ
µīɫѪҺȾںˮУ̫ި̧֣ЩѪҺ뺣ˮ룬ڶڰջһһ
ʱ˽ǰ֣ᷢЩ֮طģɱ
֪ɱλϱ¶ɵ֮ɫȥ
Ҳڴʱ·ˮӿ·һɲһһȻ͸֫
зĲҽУīѪҺ뺣ˮͼǶڸ˵ʹࡣ
λΪ֮ʱעİܾ֡
̫ިǰɫͫвκ̧֣ǳβĹܵѪҺǷһ㵹С
ܡ̫ިһƬīɫ˫۾Ҳ˿֮ɫ
Ϊʲôܣ
̫ި̧֣ӽէ֣λĶУڷɿת֮ȫ⹹
ÿһѪ̫ިĸ֪Уڵģһ
ɲͬڴ˽ķ
ͨλǣ̫ިԿһķһǡ
Ȼڸۼ׵ʵȵɵλ̫ިǰķѣ̶
ĿһĻдһƬȻ֮ôҲţλȻˣ
źǵӰս⣬ȫܡ


260 
Զɢ, һ˲ȻӿϿϲû뵽λ̫ިǰҲˣȫδӵء
̫ިλ֮ʱ, ͨˮʱ, ͸ˮĿһսķڶ峤ϣһʱĬȻ
ʵ벻, طȫ֮ʱͻظߵľ硣
ָһȦһȦѪɫ·Ҳûпɽ̫֮ި̧ͷ, ֻӴܵļ¥ֹסȥơ
֮£㵱ܴá̫ިڷԣڡ
֮ܵĿʿ, Ҫһá
Ŷ֮ʱ, ̫ި㽫¥͵֮, ʱ̫ިƽ, ˿
̧һ񣺡ģƺ֮, Խҷǡ
, ҸЩ𡣡
˵ţÿ¶ˮ
ˮ֮, ڶ峤̫ިһ漴ſڵ𣬴ǰȥڣΪȫ˽ط򣿡
òмФƣʱüͷϡ
̫ިĿˮ֮Уص
Ļش𣬷ڶ̫ϳϽȷʲô̫ިһݣ֣صˣҷԸȫ֮ʿУ
ҵȾ䲻ãΪһ·֮ˡ
ѡ̫ި
ֻвȫطָǿʢǲпܽ峹ⷽع鰲
Уһ֮£Ǵ˽вԸ¡
λ䣬ϢԼܿͻᴫ̫ިԭͨһλҲ֪˺ضɳرɱ
һʿΪ̫ިһЩ鷳
Ļ̫ިĬһ˲ֻ̧񣺡л
Ȿҵȷ֮¡
漰ⷽصĴڴ˽ӦΪ֮
һ󻮹棬̫ިǰȥ
߿ϣĻİս߻谵
̫ިδʲô⣬ǰҲͬɱڵ£ֻһΣȥΪ硣
һսΪѡԱʬ޴棬ȻҲ̫ިȥΪ硣
ϴϸʹ̫ިȴʲô飬һϲԼ¶⡣
ڶμ֤䡣
̫ި֪һôΪǷ˪࣬һô
ҲҪȥԼ¡
ΨⷽشڣЩصģصģܴ䡣
̫ިɹ֮ʱֻͩʮлδ֮ء
һһֱǷ壬ħʱ˾ʹְ֮ʮҲƣۡ
˷񴫷£֪֮¡
գ»ڿ࿹Ⱥ֪ѣһУȫط
СɽڻһƬڵ֪̫ިȻ֮ʱ򸡶Ҳʱ
ضԣԨ޾£ʼﱸ֣ǰȥ̫ި
ֹСɽʮڣʿҪУӦͣ
Ͼ
ﲻãݫiѾ˺صĴ멣ˣɫԾɲ԰쳣
ͶͺΪȻָеڤȴδȫη֢֮δܽ⡣
һϳ¥שʯвŻδϴİѪϾسһսĲҡ
¥վһˣ곤̬ͦΡһϮ͸Źɾǧ֮Į׽
ڿʲôݫi꣬ʵ
תͷ˫Ŀֻ֮һƬīɫһϤ
ݫiʶ̫ިڴˣԼҲʶ˭
¶ӣ̰
޴ѶɣͩλȻУɢ
ݫiüƶĻ⣺˵طȫ˽飬޿ܴؾô
ԼǿرԴƬ̰ƽԼƶϣֻһˣѰ֡
ѾΣҲֻһ˰ˡ
ڣݫiʡ
ڶС
ݫiԲһǶУûлر򣬷ˡ
ɱǵġݫiܿһ㣬̲סЦЦ̫ǿ
̰ؿīɫ˫Ŀпʲô
˽Ѿã̰ȴûзǡ
ݫiδ¶ɫ£䣬ֵˣҲصλѰá
˵ҪĲ̫ިǿرԴƬ
̰û˵Ŀ޵ķϲŭѱ档
¥һʱĬãݫiٴοڣƬţǰղ֪ͩģ㡣
˵ʲô̰
֪ݫi䭣ǡþҽ
̰ͩһս
֪̰û˿
ݫi˴𰸣˵ͷ鲢κα仯ǷŲ¡
ԭԼصĵС
ǺЦ
ݫi㣬Ҳʲôʲô̰ٵ
ݫiǰԼ弫λ֮ۡ󣬽ء
ݫiЦģiһԼݡ
˵գת¥ȥЦһ̻ȥ
Զ֪ĵӣ֮ת̰ĿäֻҪס˫ΪѶй¶Լݵ۾
常ΪһȺɵˣΪ˸زסĽԼֵô
ݫiԶҲ޷֪ˡ


261 
ǰ, һ岼ԵγһԽ
Ⱥͩ콻, ͹޺󣬷ڽڰ, ˵رҲֻܳá
ǿʢϢԵϴ徫±ڴ, Ϊ̫ި
ѵλɱ޿ܣ彫ڴˡ
ϢնڳУ׷ѩ
ڶ峤, ̬
ȺȻǿͨ˴¡
̫ިƾԶΣĿ
Ĺϵ, ǱҪ, ̫ިɱ䡣, ˿ǰ·
һд, Խŷģȸ
һ, ڶӹƶ, ƺƵȺǰڷԣӵڶ壬񳯻֮
ͩ, ǰΪУ
𣬷ڶȸ̫֮ި塣
ϢվӸµ·Σ峤ϳ֣̫ި¡
λ峤ϲ룬Ҳֻܷ̱з֣ܳ֯¡
̫ިһָƿǰȺγɵĽƣ˫Ŀ֮вӽط˸漴峤ڽƱ㶸Ȼ顣
ǲòϢյԭ
üĿһݣϢԳȻ̫ި֡
ɫӰէ֣ŮϢնһƣ˫˫ɡ
Ǿϣ
·
ģʧٵ
üĿޣ˪ѩϢˣ棬
˵գֳ޸Я֮Ϣ¡
ƵϢֻܱ˵ֵݲâ
˴ʱ˴ͻȻ˱仯Ƶ峤Ϸ׷׵ǱͲͶͣŻᱻϢ½ƼԿơ
У׷٣ο߰ϢͳƳ֮£ܹķ
֮󣬵嵹ѹΪ֮һᡣ
޴İֿУƬҫĿâ̬ϣ˾˾سֱ˼ͷǰĶԣ̫ި˴ҵȱǣС
̫ިĿ⣬΢΢ףδ˵ʲô
һ׺ӹʣƿȺĽƣȥ
޵ıǰλΧ̫ިѾ٣ʣ༯Ⱥɽ
̫ިʱڶʿڵõѶ󣬸
壬壬гѾõһܣҲΪѰɢޡ
С߶ݹ֮ʱԵ
峤βסȣݺ˦ƶ𣬷ֽĶǡ
һҽӽȥѪ졣
ŮӵסϮֽµҩδһʹٴὣǰ
Ѳǵ΢ŵľСʦá
Ҫѧ᳤񳤴ĴֳۣͬԼĿڵһ䭵
ӴԺ±û˻
һз꣬ΨԣģΨԼеĽ
߹Ӱʧһɲ常ô
ҲܣϴԼҲûˡ
սɱϣһƬƽ
Ѿûֳˣ常ڣϪϵ
ɽû·գ̫ި޺½ңңǰ
ݱ߾سǡ
ıѾڼ֮ھڴˣǴıؾ֮·
Ϊõ̫ިǿرԴƬ弫λϾǰ׼Գֽɱ̫ި
ͷսƮڴ˵ĿһǿʢƺҲ
ϷһƬİգƺʱҪ·һû
֮У¥϶
¥ҵ죬ϼڡŴɣҲгɳɣԵСɡ
ǰ¥Уȵϼڳվڴͷ紵䣬϶һƬݡ
СɽҲˣΪͻڱķߣ;оһս
۸գس⣬ʮϢǿᣬԨ޾˪С
ȻѡͶͣΪצҲ岻мӡ
Ƕˡ
سǳ¥ϵ忴һĻ¶֮ɫ
ǿ۵ǡ
Ǽȫǡ׳ڡ
Ļյĵطֳһ׺磬̫ި̤ǻδٵĻ
ҵȣϣֵһ̧̣һ񣬳
뱱ڶǰʿ̫ިĬȻ
̧֣˪һХƿնȥ
βǵצӭϳ
ױΪ̫ިԵɣҲ޿ԼĶ֣·˪һ̣Ÿܵοɲ
˫ֵǰ׵λǱƵòȥƿգޱˣһ˲ǿƳسϵķ
Хһ׻ڽ˪ˡ
ڸ߿жȥ˪ٴλص̫ިС
һ̣Ӱغһ
ýⲻý
ת漴ȺǰӵмλʵĽ׶ȥ
·һž޹ı̧ϼڲеϹġ
ʿתһعһεؼ䣬سϵŵôʹص³ͷ
λ˹ڶ౱ͬʱˡ
ˮӿţ˳̫ި̧֣ˮܲ˵Խ谭ĻسǳǽӿС
Ϊˣ䲻أȴ쳣ŭ
ĴУλܳʿ
̫ި֮ʣһؾӡȻԸߴ䣬ѹ¡
ڴô꣬βмϹ
ǰһǷӡ
Ӧǰεһǣʱ̫ިС
Ǳӡ
̫ިĿ߸ʦӹʲôҲ˵߶˪û붫İɫ
ǰ
̤򣬶ǰԮҲѸϵ
⹬Ƶڡ
ССһһԡƣΪ̫ިһ·ǰصλ
У
Խͳȴͬһ˼
ǵ׺׷һ߶ֱڶȥ
ʣϻһĨЦ
£ܻʵ֡
̫ިѡ׷֮ʱһûٱ
һ
ǲνˣ
ܱΪūúãĮضһԼ˵
壡

ǰٶ̵ûκα仯糣һָ˹
ǰսУ̫ިʶõˣ漰ڶӵܣӣգԽ̴̣ŷǧ
ǳΪⷽأΪԼΪ˴˺ꡣ
κζ˼飬Ϊū
ݵĽ򣬽Ҫߵͷ
̫ި֮£ڱĲӰ


262 
İ֮, ŽգֻǼ
ݫiڣǰ, ޾ĺӣӿڡ
վڹ, ݫiδͼκռԭԼ塣
ڰУ΢΢𴽽ǣɫ΢
ʲô
һŭ, ݫiںֱײȴ޷ѡ
ϵմһ꣬iȻ˷ѡݫiЦ˹
ǡ֮ұλ׮ס
ռһ֮أҲ׮׵óɣʿг룬δƴԿ
ңݫiڵļλŭ
ݫiں, صϴ, ΪĲ, Աʱ֮ô
׷ֳԼһݫi, ȷ𽥻ָ, ʱսãΪ, Ϊ׷ֻϡ
һʼױǿݫiꡣ
ݫiݫiֺγ
ǰ֮ʱݫiһ, õ˿ƽ׷ֻķ
ȻǶĽףôݫiǵзѣ׮׻ǵԴɡ
ǰգŹһսԳ֣ϼҲδʵϹ˽ףƵòǣӡ
ȻջݫiһƷֻ꣬ͬʱǾΪУָơ
ϺΪһĴΪūݫi˫Ŀ֮оһƬīɫ̧תȥ
պ󣬹ĹУͬΪ弫λ̰ͳɲˣվʮλɷ֮ͥơ
˼壬ӾҲС࣬Ѿռ˽뽮㾹Ҫڴʱɲ
̰侲طȫ˼ָǿʢλ¾磬ڽ֮£ữɻҡ
Ҫıȳ˽硣
֮ܣȷ֮⣬˽ʿȻֶξٰ̫ިɲҵʵѵһô
ֻҪɱõǿرԴƬ˽Ϊ˥ضãĴ㾡ΪС
д˽Դͽ˽ΪĿܣҲиһĿܡȫһ磬ǿģ
ʵʮΪɣɲһȻռš
ݫiڴʱУǰɲԼĿת漴֪ο
ʱݫiڶ忴ȻȫΪȡ
в尵֣ŹôʱϢǿʢδָ̫ˡ
˵Ĳ޵ݫiǿڣ̰һ
ɲЦһҲ˵
ݫiû˵ȴ̰ͣʱȻ֡
鷢̫ͻȻָ⴩̰֮ʱ˷Ӧ
ɫ̰ݫi壬
ףô
Ȼͬ!
꣬ǿ쳣ǡ
ǵõĽݾôΪһض»ʲӣɵӰ
Ҳ˵ֻͬһʵǿȴʶҵħ
̰ĳȴ޷ݫiݫiӿȥ
λ循
˴ʱҲµ˽ʵָԵɣѵ˾ˣ
ݫiʱ̰Цʱ뿪δ̫ϧ缯λ֮ʤ㡣
ݫḭ𻺻г֣Ȼʶ˿ǵģȻݫi
ݫiܺն𣬾ȥǿ쳣ʹ˾һ
Ƭ̺̰ȥɫ£ݫiڣЦȴɫȥ쳣졣
˳ɲ
*
ѩ֮γһȣǱ˺ѵĽڡ
İ£ڶڴˣγһ̵ϡ
̫ި֮ʱע⵽Ĵڣų̶̵Х𣬶ǳβ帡ն𣬴ӲͬΧǰ֮ơ
޾һǿ˺һ϶׵ʿ³ưΧΪ̫ި˺һ·
ǰбɶ£ʳвԼݺڴ˹Ӳдڶʿ
С
˿̣ΣΪΣʿͬ
̫ިĿɨŲƵݣδԣ̤ǰȡ
̤ȷΧһ̣ƶȻѹ£ɲǼ䣬Ϊֹ֮ͣ
ɫ˷Ϯ֯һɱȻ
΢΢̧̫ިܽƣһһײڰգֻµâδ°֡
Ѿɡ
һ̾ϢݫiȻ̫ިǰ·ϣ˫ĿīɫʣϴʮѹȸС
̫ިһ۱㿴Ϣӣɫ΢
ڿжһƣޱ߷´Ʊ죬
̫ިɣֱֳѪ˿ڣط£ת˲ָ
ݫiڵʤ֮ǰֵ弫λԿ϶в²⡣ҲԽͣΪֻ
λʮλһ塣
ɱݫi
Ų˻дܣƬ̣ڿлǳβ壬Ӳۼף˫
צ磬ݺ̫ިϮ˿ָ̧һһӽкƿϮĹ
צ£˲Ϣ㾡鿪Խ¡̫ިδֳɫʧԭء
⣬չ˫ϸ⺮â¡
ֳƣ̫ިס˪ǡ
ɽȻͬײ˪磬㱻ǿ𿪡̫ިҲƷƾһ٣ƶ𣬶һ
Ƿ˪ҲƲֻڶں϶ɵĹ
̫ިܼƣɿģӿ뾭Գٶת
ѪȾȹطӳ֣ת˲Իָȥ̫ިʤֻԽԽ͡
幥ԽȴһƬȻĳ
˫Ŀ𰵽̫ިȻһıˣϮǰָⰵ취֣͸֮˺¡
ʹ𣬶ϿĳڿлƯϣٴ
ֻˣ
̫ިײڿϣȳһѪצǰһ̣Ȼʧ
ٴ·Ϯ֮ʱצ͸磬ӽڡߣ۶ɵĹһ⹹

壬ɱǣ
ֳЦݣ£צ͸̫ިڵ棬ѪɫʱȾ˵ǲ㱡ѩ
һƬޱϲô˻ᣬ˲Ϣ߱
㹻ˡ
ָ̧⣬취ϣһӣ͸צʱΡ
ܣŭ
ں䱻ԭ̫ިվ߻û¶ȵЦ⡣
ģǷ
̫ިȾѪڷзݡ
취ܣǰ֮ʱи෨֮
ǳβչ˫϶ķٱӣ̫ިٶȱ졣
취ΪУ̫ިϷ­¡
ͬʱ𣬷֮£ֻﻯ޷Ƶؿʼؼ䡣
ݫiԸߴ׹䣬Ϸ̫ިЦ
ˡ
٣ΪԼѡ
У֮꣬
̫ިٴŻѪû⣬һȥǰ޴Ľ϶֮Уз籩Ϊһյء
һָԼüģӽâ̫ިڻ޲϶ģҲΨرԴ
ǵӽâҡҡλεƮ籩յأ϶СڽӴһ˲䣬رԴȻһӽ϶
ӽƬΨһĹ̫ި建ϸۣܷһӿߴ
ŽֺϣⷽϵİҲʼʧӽȱʧĲ𽥱ȫ
ȫɢʱɫĻϣʱĵһƹأؼϡ
٣ڴ˽Ӱ⣬ɢؼ䡣ʮڣԡѪսʿߣЩʧ
ʤˣ
ϯȺԽԽԶʤˣ
ĹϷ䣬£գΪ˽սʿʸ¡
ԡ֮У̫ި˫׹䣬Ӱ˽ס
ࡣ̫ިૻһ
ڡǵ
Ƿһ񣬵k̫ި
ʮ¶ʮߣڣڣȫգ֮ý⡣


263 һ
һ̫ިʱ, ݡ
Ǵ̿ͣǿ͡
糺ȹǷɣĵĿâ˿, ɱէ֡
Ǳɱż㲻ʶ, Ȼľ, ʱ㲻Ӳ
ֶϿ˿, һ˫ĮȻۡ
˴̿ͣлżյʢ飬
ɽ̫ި, ʵǸδϵ, Ҳ, ٶȽвڵȼѪơ
¾߱¾, ̿ѻȼѪƵĴվֹ¡
, ûѡ, Ӧȫ𱸡
൱ʱΪ, ҪȼѪҲ£Ҳι㼯ϡ
ȼѪգӵŴѶ, ̫ϻڷ, Ȼ±ɽ¡
Ҵұ̫ިϸ
Ϊ˻ʳڷӡɶպɷգλʦѹ, Щɴ
ʱ֪Ϊ
˺ΪѹɷħþطڽɽƣԴȫ
˪ִҫѣеķ˪£ɾˣȴ֪ΨܶɵģԼ
ֻҪһգ޷⡣
սɽʱʵмֽѵġ
٣ûڵλʦ˳Ӧν
಻뵽ǸµŮӣ̤Ѫ׹ǣһѾΪ˼Ϊ硣
౾֪һС
ǵصӿŷ˪һĨⱻûΪսᡣ
ΪǹɱıԴʶδʹɢС
βŮϰѩɽʬ壬ΧɱһѪ·
໹ϳ̫ިȻʱˡ
ص̫ިһףס
ıɣΪıһ̫ިΪۣϹħγһϡ
ķ򽻻㣬ʱݡ
һΣǰ꣬Ϫ̫ި
±ˣ£ȴעᷢ
ΪΪʿó֮ǿƳھطӡ
Ϊ̫ިһ仰ֻһۣ޷˵ӭ˼յ塣
ѩ֮УԡѪĺХһ֮Ա
˪̫ިֺ˯֮ʱһֱǷ˪ҡ
˽編Բȫֻأڹ½޸ۼ׵ʵ
еļ䶼ڸգƲ㣬ס׹µ̫ި
ࡣһ䡣
ڡ
ڡ
ӵ뻳Уʧõһ㡣
˭Ҳ֪ҡ
ԼԼȴһʼѡǰ
һҡ
üĿ̫ިʱƺԾϼ죬뿪˺ܾá
ͷ֣Բ𡣡
Բ𡭡ظ֣һһ顣
ިС
̫ި̧ͷָüĿֳһǳЦ⣺ࡣ
𣬱֣ʱδܵüؼ
ˡ
ܻġش
̫ި΢΢һĿ⡣
۵׵ӳݣʣȻڣʱǰ£ϡ
ҿڡ
̫ި۽޲һ˲ʱ֮ǰֻһΣΪ硣
ʱѾ䡣
ʱлʶдڡ
Ժʲô֪
ؼȻʱ໰˵ѾȻġ
ͷ̫ިĴ
һ̣黳˺꣬ջ˲硣
*
Ȼܣⳡµĺۼȴʱˣڷ֮󣬴˼ؽ𽥸գһжںת
¥ڵķϰεضҹɫԿɼʿæµ
˵Ҫؽ֮ʱʿԷǰ̶֮ڣɽѾؽ롣
¸̫ިڶϣһ̳ƣɫϣʱɴ
ΪȫľΪ˳˯գ񲻹תĵڶա
Ժ£ʵ뿪ˣ
̫ިӦüۼż⣺˿ʯͷ˴ľơ
ʯͷ
Ŀһӡ֮ϣʱʲô
̫ϻʳӡʵһʯͷˡ
̫Ϸǫiǰɣʱ̫ި䲻ɱҲûлὫӡ
Ǿ۵ķԸЩ⡣
̫ިҲ뵽̫Ϸǫiǰ̫ިֻ̫Ʋϵϵ̫Ϸǫiص׵ܺΨһĶӣ˵
ڼʱҲͶɴ˷ĿȻˡ
˽帲ڶҴ̫ϻ볯Ҳ½½ϻϾ
˷̫ϻ壬ǻʳʮ嶼شⲢھȶΪı֡
λϵ̫µĶŮ޲˻λﰵ
Ϊ󽫣ȻǱ£Ĵڣȴ¶κ
֪ʧٵĵԭС
ȷһƿؾ棬ɻѡ񽫵̫ި
ҲִֻȨʳʱڶɹع̫ƽȨӼ䣬ض޾֪ʱƽϢ
Ȩƣɸصģ̫ϻʳİ
̫ͬިǰ£ǹ̫ƣ̫ިеʻࡣ
Ӧʵ
˵ˣѾܾ̫ި˾پ̧̳˾ĶǵСοЩȨԼУܱȽ˺á
̫ިѡҲΪڡ
ȻΪ棬š伮ʯȴΪδƻԱ档
µΣȻ졣
Ʋģ⻰Ƿ磬Ҳ١
ûоʹ¶ԣȡһ̳ƣҿƷ⣬̫ި
Ҿ̫ިβһĨɺ죬ûƽվǧ֮Ȼ˼
⣬ϴԼ˼ģ
Ϳ죬౴̫ިüǱƻһ㣬̧β˸
֪ΪΣǺѰĶڴʱȴ˾ζ
̫ިЦ˪˷ǾΪ
ЩãȻؿƺδ׻˼
̫ި׽סָ⣬΢΢ƫͷվٶǴŮɫľӡ
գٶ˵裬ȴҲɳһ˼
Ǽ⣬ʶô
Ȼ䣬мִ֮У̫ިʱ֪̬¡
޷ϰ߱ǡ̫ިջ֣ĵ˿ھơ
Ȼϰˣֲɵסȥ
ȴڴϣ̫ި͵һڴζľơ
ϵһ˲ϲɸһ㱡졣
˼䣬ߵĳ̶ƺ̫ިЩš
ķģ΢΢Щסǣ
Ϣڣ̫ިУЩֻϢԼսҪС
ã̧ͷһ΢Щɬ㿪ڣިѾɣǲǿԲֹա
ôܶ飬˵Ļ
̫ިץס͵͵Լ׵β״飬ûĶζһʲôն
˪һӵ档
౧̫ިֱԼľӴȥν档


264 
ʮĩ, ǳӳ, ͨ, ʾ¸ΪԪ
ԪԪ괺ɷȾ̫Ϸǫi֮ӭ̫ϼλ
Сɽ, ҽ塣
, ҽһΪʦλ׼İʮһƷֲΣҴ̤, ָתڶѻΧԶһԣ֮
һ, Ůǰ, , Եࡣ
ҽΪ, ҽеȻΪףҽһӺСɽ֮³, ŰӰ졣ڹӺߣΪҲ˳µسΪҽһһˣ״
ʱʣһö򿴹, شʦ, , գҩвҩƷ༫ѣԺԪ, ڳǰɡ
Ǿͺá˿
ץöһһҪ¶ú󣬿ΧԾɶѻɽؽͷϣԱˡ
ⶼҽһֳ񶼽µľ档
ʦ㣬¼ˣҡҡͷÿԻЩʱ䴦౨Ǿѻµף㲻ˡ
鰧̾һһͻʱ
ţԼµ౨ûд뿪˵®
¶ԴҲǰĪһʦҪǻʦִվٰ䣬еӶǰ
˷̫ިϮλĴ䣬ͬʱҲʽСɽӣʢ¡
ͳƽҪŴã·;ңԶֻԳС̾һ
սҽԾæµµӣΪԿ˵ıҲǰҽΪ֮ǰս꣬СɽҲ֮ܽ⡣
ǰȥ׷壬Լʦ¥ʦۣѾ˷ӡֻϾʳв󣬽ʱСɽɽ磬ͶӰɽͨǰȥҲ޷ֱ𡣡
µͷ⵹Ǹ⣬ҲصеΪ˭ȥ
Ͼһ۵ʵǵҽ塣
·򣬶ʦ㣬ȥһ塣
ƺЩԱգӦĿԶ
ųţӭ¸ϴżִ󲡳Ĳ԰ף˫ƺ͸һ
¹̧һ
±Ҳ񣺡Խѡ
ǰ꣬Խվƽӡ
ԽΪλСɽҲʲô̫֮¡˺ƽ֮ʱԽ̰ͬУϾ֮С
ۼֳԽȥѰ̰𣬴⹬һ롣
δ뵽ʼգ̰ڣһꡣ
⹬ǰˣ̰ģһ̣ԽĿڱҴ͸֮ʱԻš
֮ʣĻ𣬽ԭء̰׷ԽǡñϾСɽȣر־Σżһ
ʱ¾ϾԽҲСɽ뱱һֿ͡
Ȼ̣طڡСɽãվĹ鴦
֮ǰҪо֮µһһл
Խ˵룬δӹֻʦУҪлӦл
ԽﶼҲлµĲ֡
Խף˷ʦã¹Ķ飬Ҳ
Сɽãµ飬Ҳм˽⣬ԼʲôлԼҲա
˶飬ϣջлĻᡣ
СɽЩʱգԽ²ʯǴ㻹𽡣Ȼֱ׳Լչˡ
Խ¼ȥ
̤壬ڶΧ̨£ϷҶִ棬磬ȥ֮ơ
̫ިȫ󣬹½£Ҷľõڻָһ
ҩԡĵ︴գܹ˳𲽻ָ
һĻ¶Щ΢Ц⣬ǳȴС
ӺĹڵõһֲ
ֱ̧ȥ
ʱ֮ڣ˳⣬ˮʮҲڡ
׭ޣЩ׾޿ȫӦ¡ˮʮ߻Ϊԭ̱󣬴򣬹϶Գ
ʮݲ˵Сɽ֮ʱͿкô֮ƽϢ󣬷׷״Ѷǰ
ĸӳ̶ȣ£Ҳֻ̫ިܶһķ
Сɽӣֻѧϰ˷еĲֻ·Уϰ˺һ
ԣ¶ź֮ɫЩҳʵڴ󷽣ܾһҶʹİ
󣬳ȫ޲˽֮⣬ΨʮݶʱŻԳ
СɽвûгַеͨΪҪҡ
˶ⳤĹ룬ڣ̫ި֧֡
Сɽ£ֻҪ̫ި׼£гַеӶ䶼ֽäĿΡ
˵䣬ע⵽ڵ£Щֵʦã
Ĵʵ֮٣⡣
һһҲ˹ԭŵҲա
´ɽȡһƿҺǰʱҾԼѾˡ
ǰΪ˺һӣСɽǰԮ̫ި˲ˣպҩ
ǰʱǡյҩã֪˳·
ĥĥ䲻϶úڣʦֺʱ㾫ͨҩѵǰҵҽ壿
費Ҫҩģҽޡ
˭ҲҪҽޣҶ˵ֻܿҺ
Һڣһ£æ˼۽
ΪʲôҩôࣿЩ
ſ꣬еʦ֣˷ǰȥϾҿɷͬ
ҪϾ֮ʣ˷Яǰѡ㶨ˮʮ״ӣֻ꣬ء
ЩͶӰѾʵ֣ǰȥϾȷ˼ʽУСɽʵҲʲô
ֻΪһЩ˽¡
򣬴ǰδȥǡ
Ȼʲô˶٣ʵǵҽ¡
Ϊҽ֮ף²߾ߵġ
´߹һǳЦʦַģǰһὫҽ¾źá
ǰȥΪӺ
´£ӦΪ˸ۡ
۹Ӻʲôˣʲôµָαû㲻нյ¡
չӺһСɽҲʬİãֻϾ⣬һϯ
ȥϾǰһƣȴԵ
ԶȥıӰĿ˹ȥɫѣ
ϻ˵ҪʦȥϾΪʲôͬ⣿
ػһߣһа˸ȡֵҪҪǶӦɵˣ
Ťһˮʮ֣ŲŲⳡɵˡ
ʱһŲϣөˮĸ˲䷺ɫˮʮ߾֣ס
һ̣󱳾һϡ
̲ˣˮʮȫƹŭػŴ֣ⳡս
Ҫ̤ڵ½ƿ¿ⷬ󣬳˳ǣջ˽š
Ҳʲô£ǵǴɡ


265 
һ, ̫Ϻͼ㱻Լĸ״Ӵǿ
гᣬ㻹һû˯ѵ飬ײɵǿ, λви£
̫ϺͼĽѵ, ܵӦ˼, һ, ׼š
⳯ʱ, δ̫һЩ̫ϺͼʱΨһ롣
߹̫Ϻͼ游һ岮̸, ̫Ϻͼǰ, ˵Ŀʱϡ
ڶߣ̫ϺͼɥһЩһһй񣬿ȥ޾ɡ
һ㱻ˣˣ˲ⶼ, ⻰Ȼǲܵ濪ʵġ
̫Ϻͼ游, ֻǴͷӦǣ̾˿Ҳûж˵ʾ±ǡ
̫Ϻͼȥ, ԼЩ岮ʲô, ʵҲ֪𰸡
Լλл˵ϼ䣬ȻټԼι٣
ةʷĹְ󣬵
̫Ϻͼ̲ס̾˿, ԣϣԵ㡣
΢ĳ£Ͼǻ۶Źٷڶ೯³򹬳ȥ
̫ϺͼУȥۣĬĬΧ˫Ŀ΢
ʽλǰ̫ިδ볯ᣬˣ֮ƴֿҴĳŴáΪֻܼ֮βˡ
λ֮£ڶ೯˼죬̫ިȫⷽع鰲֮£оڣû˸ҵԵġ
λм̣漰޾Ȩƣǲӿ
ڴ˽ʱ̫ϺͼڵɢûȤ̸ͬӣס
оΣɲ֪ʱߵԣʵ
̫Ϻͼϲֳʲôɫ̵һݣȫ³
´һһ˵ǰЩʱգıʳ͹֮±ס´һء
̫Ϻͼ֮ɫӦûж֪οĴæˣȻСʲô
Ҽܿҫ֮׾ģȴСü
̫ϺͼԾһ޾ɵɥϣбµǻ࣬ڡ
ⷬɲʧЦ뷨Щʡ
ټΪ٣Ϊ´֮£̫Ϻͼʵ
ι٣Ǳ˼ֻ˵һ䣬δֱӵ˭Ҫ̫ϺͼΪ١
Ҳ㹻̫ϺͼµʼĩɴΪµģҲֻһˡ
̫ϻʳδŮ۱£̫ި
ϽҪǻʱ⳯עҪһ̫ϺͼУ̧ͷŹǽϷڣ
ȨѪ೯һ˳̬룬ȴû֪̫ިȻɣҲ޷ֹ˰ж˼
ֻҪ㹻棬¿Ҳͬȥ
̫ϺͼعζԼȻǱĴ
ΪУ˷ϼλֽн֮񣬸Ѿ½ǲأӴ֮£ɡļͷȥ׺͡
оܾô̫ϺͼһɥԵøɥˣӦ
գѾ̫ިλ֮
Ѿ̹ŮУæµ
ڵ֮У̫ިһɫԽ˿˻ʳռǣХвֱ֮
ĳ𣬶ǰ켴£סݣɫ˪׹׹üģ༸ֿɼĹ䡣̧֮ʱ˫Ǻӳ
վһԵֿһĻЩʧ
ʱ˿̣̲סٴ̫ơ
ֻɲǣֱع̧Ϊ̫ިڣ쳣ᡣ
ʱϣ롣ɴӵ߽̫ިһ񣬳ڡ
̫ިĿο֮ɫ
̫ި΢΢ףվڶ๬澵Ĵӵ£̧ȥɺ̫ި򹬳ĵ̨ǰȥ
̨ǰͬԶԶ̫ިĿϣһ˲ʧ
ʢװ磬ˣ˶֮С
̻£һ̫ިڵԲ磬£Сĵסָ⣬ǶԴ֮ı̫ި۽޴£˪ѩڴʱࡣ
ӭߣ̨̤
̨ϣϾЩյﶼѾϯУִܽꪣȻ
̨࣬ڶСɽͶӰڴˣﰵĴ֮ʵм
״ŸӰƽʱβŵʱһذ׵ӷΣȥһ¡
һԣڶδȱϯСɽɽŸ硣ƣǵȻҪϸĵġ
ֻҪ̫ި㹻ǿЩ᳼
һ࣬ϼΪ׵ڶϯڴˣǳҲڡ
Ҳǲǰ
Ϣ֮£жΪϾǰֻ̫ܰިЩĲΪǰ
Ĺϵ˷ϵĺʵںأ̫Ϻͼʱɵһ
ټڷϵĺ͸Ӻϲˡ
ѵֻһô
ʿʱڲ⹬ڣͶӰ˱⹬̾λüֻһĨۡ
ǿнһʶʵΣգ̫ިֻԷĽǿз޷Ӱ̡
ףȵ˼̫ިЯֶ϶¶ο֮ɫ
ʧãнգʵһҡ
ʮʿעĿ£̫ިһ̨̤Χ͵͵Ȼͣ˵Ŀⶼϡ
̧ʾ⣬ΧʦɪڳعУնʱࡣ
ʵ䲻һԣڳ˭ʱòһ㡣
ϣ̫ިಢǰڶϯλһ̤ס
ͣߴ̫ިתϯʿ¡
վʱ̫һΪᣬֻ̫ިδӦ
Ϊᡣ
Ϊ£̫ϻв֮ȴȫȻ޷̫ިµľܳм̵λ̫ϻ֧֣ҲǶʮĹ
Ҳ˿Զľָֻš
ǰһλگԣǰĵк̫ިڡ
ԴԺƾⷽӡԲٿɽӡ
Ȼʱ˿̣۶λ֮뷨ʳҲֻǰ£ȣݼϡ
֮ʳľ
̫ި̧Ŀԣº͵Ц
ʮָۣڱ˴˼תΪะĻٴ
գʮʿļ֤£̫ިؽ
СɽϯλУ𽿴һĻۿ΢죬ȴġ
ʦʦнգʵڲףһǵžۡ
һ̣ڳҲΪеͬĻϲ
ɫ·˽յʮָƶϣ˸һ˲ûƤ档
֮ʣڳʮݵʿ׷ִյһ񣺡Ůۣط˪ͬã;
̫ިʿļ֤£ͬһյƣԽʼ֮˶֪Яͬеĵ¡
ࡣ
ڡ
˵ֱֻ̫࣬㹻ˡ
֮£̫ިһĨȣͷ켣ϡ
ΧһкúȲɢֶ֡
ԪԪ³ţϾǻŮ֮λգʿ֤£ڷ˪Ϊ¡


266 
, ݣڡ
֮ڣƽλˮһ, ڳϯڲ, ɫЩࡣ
Ƕ, ĸʢļλܡ
ڴ룬ŷԶ, ͡
ѴһСɽվ, бųϲκα, һ˲С
ڵվųŷ֮Ѳ, Ǹ, ʱе͵͵
ף׷߸ɿһڶţ˶Ѿˣ
Ŀɨ·δй¶κֻ׵ɣѯǡ
ǷǣǣһĶ, һĵ, ̬ȱ㲻ܳκƫ, еӺġ
ʱ⻰ϵ˵ͷˡ
ʮǰ̫ިȫط, ˽գʿнҲ˵ͻͽϱڲǰͻƴˣΪ񾳽ߵķܡ߷Լָ󱲣¶ʿ
֮½ã㲻صĻᷢƫ˽֮١
ϿСѣͷԱǰǰЩʱգҷ˻ض򻯵ķĻ·
ĬȻͷ
ϱֵطĻ·ǰС˻ģغϡ
ŷߣ۵ʧڽ֮ǰδŷκġ
ŷڼ򻯷֮£Ҳδκ
֪ŷ߽ᵽķĻ·óڵۣȴȥ֡
ʱսã±㶼Ĭŷڷϵ衣
ôʮСģ棬Ҳл粵
ֱǰԼ㽫оķĻ·˻ᣬŷڰ಻סԼҰģ֮ǰȡĶȥ˻ᡣ
Ϊ˻֮յŷߵʱʶЩ򻯺ķĻ··޻Ӱ졣
ǡʱڶ򣬱뼸λ˻ĳһǰڣһŷߣ潻
ϵȴܵǰ¶ľ⣬ھ֮гϵӱҲɡ
ԭΪʦļ򻯵ͽ׷Ǳĩã뾹˻Ĵܡ
Ѿ˼ǵΪʲôߣ֪Լĸ׵ķ硣
ڼպյԱСɽĴѶ
˻ύģԼЩ򻯵ķĻ·ĳɹϣڶܵӰ죬ܾΪ·ܡ
ӵϵȻ
ûóȻ˭ֻǴѶǰڣŷߵʡ
ȡ֮£ǱԴĽҪ֮¡
ϵ󣬲𿪿ڣŷ߱ȵϣЩĻ·Һʦһֶ̽غϣҲ֡
һֱģʱ˵һƬϣȴüŻ
ȫεģһֱչԼ֧ԼƲű߼뷨ʦ֣ԭһòȻαӡ
̾˿غϵˣʵЩվסŰ
ʦֹȻǺ飬ʱΪһ˵аڵ̲סԳȡеһʿݵо
ԵѹϾǿƽ֮ӣʦֲô˵Ρ
ƽһĵŭôƽʦô˵ģ
ƽһλ£µӣȻҲƫ˽
ЩĻ·ʦԣ۶ã
ڵԽԽţĬվԭأƺ㿪ڡ
׵ָ⶯˶ʼղ̫ʱ뷨ڰڵǰֳֺƫС
ŷ߼ˣ۵Ʋס¶ЩϲɫҪľ档
ԼȫԶĳɾֻͣҪܴзֵЩҲ㹻Ϊʿǡ
ǴѶţǰڵӶ֤ȷڹȥЩֹ꣬̽ЩĻ·
ֻҪܳɹѧʿȻǵԼ֣뵽ŷߵ㲻һ̡
ǰСɽȻǳŭ
ʦЩĻ·Ǻһ֪ը˶ٶ¥յʯеĽ̸ֽܳɾ͵ģ
׭Ӻ޲ȥŷһ٣ǰֲԶ
Ĭԣ׭ӸǼÿţ֤ó
ʱǿʢϢͻأڵڣԭӵʱϢ
ɢȥڵڡŮüĿ˪ѩ֮ɫһƿɼԣǳЦ⣬ºͶ롣
𣬼˪
һ̣ڳ˶̧̫ިһ
˾ߣΪΪ¡
̫ިͣŷǰʲô¶ȵĿ£ŷֻһ
ǿԼ侲ǹˣҲܷס˵졣
㷽Żԣ˵ЩĻ·ֶͬ̽á̫ި쿪ڣż⡣
ŷӲͷƤӦһǡ
ʦֲǿƽ̵ϲΪ˵Ȼƫ̻Լµӡ
˽ģҲסһҡͷ̾
ǿʦ֣ƽҪԼãˡ
˭ʦûиŵĸףûʦ㡣
̲סͬһŷȫȻǱǿȨѹС˻ἸҲ¶һ㲻֮ɫ
˷Ӧŷ⣬ҪĽ
̫ިЦЦ𴽽ǣָ΢һöֱϡ
סʶ̫ިСɽ׭ÿĻ·򻯶мأоٴθĶըٴΣΣϡЩŷ֮
ŷͫ΢ô
ѵûκΪֻƾţɼ򻯷Ļ·
һʱʧ⡭
˻ἸҲĬȻؿҲ֪˭Ļ档
ŷ߲뵽׭»ܣԷʮУŻ
࿴ŷߣЦ֮ǰӦ˼ȫ֡
仰ڣŷѰֱݿ˼ɭζ˸оǲʡ
ıһȻ˿ա
ˣڵӵĿǲţŷڷһѣǷ죬֪Ѱͬŵ
ʦ־Ȼ¡
ѵǰֱƣװĲɣ
ܵͶ죬⣬Ŀ⣬ŷҧ˫Ŀ죺ǹⲼµ壡
ڣλ벻һ㡣
˵ò̫ިǿ֪˻֮£
ǰȡɵģŷߣһΣǰʱȻͬѡ
ͣĻϲ⣬ȡʦѪλ֮С
̰ͼԭԼλ䵽˵ز
ѵģԼ
һĻ̲̾סҡҡͷ
ʣиҪģʵ԰
Ŀ˵ϸˣȳµģ¸ĵӡ۵ӹһĨʹϧΪʦߣֺγԸ⿴Լĵߵ˵ز
˵ʲôֹס˽ҪڵĻ
Ǹŷ߸ĹĻᣬֽںεأ
£𱳸ն
ָǷΪŷ˵İڵӣʱߣȻСˣ
ʼգδһԡ
ֻǳĬؿŷߣǿһδʶİˡ
ŷǵͨ죬صشŴϢ֮󣬾Ƿħһ˹ȥ
ǰһʷתױ˽ŷ߱ˡ
Ƕ۷ľ磬ҪԸ뻯ŷߣʵټ򵥲
굹ɶͬһ̲һˤڵϣôҲ
ģЩڴʱȴܶŷ֮ͬǰһУȡˡ
ڳ̾ϢһƿĿ⡣
̫ި䵭˵ϵŷһۣ£ӦСɽһ
ĶӣҲСɽӣ׭µȻױҹ
̫ިŷݳһ־磬ҲΪ˹ش
ĬȻһ˲Ŀ⿴ŷߡ
ŷƺʶʲôη̫ި漴£ʦ֪ˣֻһʱΪħ󣬻֣ԭһ⡭
˵ţߵףʮġ
Ӹµؿʹؿ¸ӡ
Ⲣܶҡľ
£ƫ˽ԼĶӣͬŷ£Ҳʹ˽ҹ
ڵڵŷߣͼȡ˵ŹУӽ󣬲԰ڵԾӣ裬޹أ
£һڳ̧֣
ŷʧһ̱ڵءʲڣҲǳң²нա
˰ڣʲôˡ
ȡڳʿһͬͷ


267 
Ԫʮ, 򣬷ݣ, 签
ǽ֮⣬, Ŀ֦ðһѿ, ǴȻĺۼ
һܿȥƽƽͣǰǿϸЩ, ֳᷢ䴦Կ˽ҵĻռǣʾ˵ݡ
ʱ, һ, Ʒǳ˿ɱȡ
ŮŮӻ³, һ, Ӻݶׯ, ϼϸй¶ͣȴò
ǽԭ֮Ů, Ԫ䡣
ڷǰԪ̧ȥ, дżº͡
ģȰȽĳˡ
Ľλ, Ԫ֮£ǵ⡣Щû;Уδкû, ڣǨ˴ʳһ
ղҲǺʳ, ֻԪԼķ˽ɢɢģǡõݼһ
ͻȻҲδǰϼ񣬳ϲ̳ơ
ԪӹƵľյ㵹Ĺǰֹһ
˼ΧŮ뻤һ˸ҳš
Ƭ̣ԶнŲ
һѳżȴɳƵ
ڶ໤Ͼ¶䱸֮ɫԪݹأݲǲСġ
Ǻˣſڷʣǲ
ڣݼ
ҼĸڴˣѰɣֻüĿŻ֮ȥưɫ
Ԫ˷дģǹннǼΪӵܣ߰ЩҲ֡
ûжˣϲ˼ֲͷ
ٲ뿪ǲˣ
Щ֮ʣΪͳĳԪ⣬ⷽ
Ŀϣһͣò૵硭
ѮԼϰ紵ɹ֮ʣȥʵ͸ϳɳءһôһȥͻδڵ꣬ʵЩ֡
Χڶⶼ¶Ź֮ɫڳԼĶͷ˾ȴǲҺ˵Щʲô
ѷЩ򣬲ϳǰ˭
Ͼ͵Ļӣʵ̫
ǰ签Ϊ츮ӳţڱһ
֮һĳʱлӡ
էˣѣɫҲ΢Щݣô꣬ǹΣ
̫ި뿪ʱи˻ǽ̫ӵǣʱˮתǽʮ¡
˳죬粻صġЦٲƽµᣬڶаȻ
УĽͳ죬ûʲô־ϲıǳԣ签пһΪľ¥
ڶѾԪŮ٣ܵءϻϲĶɣɽָ飬Ϊޣ÷ھ
ֱڣҲԪŮְ֮Ϊı
þδ飬Ԫ֣Ů
ĿѶϣԪһ˲ʧ
û뵽Լڴʱ˵ټѡ
ټǾʱòȴѾ˼׷Ԫ䣬ʱҲꡣ
ȴޣ꾳Ҳεֵסĥ
֡Ԫ仹ǰǰ㣬̧һݣȫ
ֻ̧񣬿ǰŮӣȻҲ˷֮С
Ԫ֪Ϊλǽıĸĸ꣬ǻڴΪ游Ҳһ¹ڣ
ѼȻ˽Ӧǡ
Ԫϼ˷ǰĹԿ̵գ۹£ߵס
ûĴ㣬ԪҲûгԽţʾһŮȥ
֪ΪΣ̲סһѡ
ɵߣʵȨĽԼҲһýְɡ
Ԫ䴽һЦ⣬ЩӦҲһЩµġ
ֹԶȥ
ؼֻʣ˻ڷǰѣϥϣȫȻȴʱ䡣
䣬֪ʱо׷Ʈϸѩ
ڽһѩУ˳ͻ˶ɽ١
Զ֮ϣ̫ިָ⣬ⳡͻѩԼͷ
һԣ໺һھƣЦŽк֣֪ϿԸͬΣ
̫ިü˵أ
±ֻ͵֮ˡɷнµ
漴ɴסϸ֫
ڷ죬ӹѩڵĺ棬쳾ɡ
Сɽڡ
ʦֵ¿ǽˣ߽ڣʵ
򣬵ͷİɣʦʦֶȥˣһŷ߻ʲôˡ
ΪĿҲⲼһ֡
ˣʦڷݶ˼գĻٶڵʦȥûʲôϲġ
ͷ̧߽ڵΪѻɽоһ˲
ˮӯӯöͭʵңذһӽ
ǲܳԡע⵽æֹϧһ
ˮӯӯɫѾϣʧԭأһֻ̱Өˮĸ
̫ѳˣôôѳԵĶ
ˮʮ߼һĻȥˮĸڻУʮ㣬ʮ㣬㲻°
½ƿЩŹֵؿֻһöѽΰɣңʲôʱˣ
ǷҵĶʮʯûأˮʮʹĵصԼΪôˮӯӯԭ
һԼ˻Ȼ
ˮӯӯѵ̧֣ס֣˿ҶѾˣǷʯһʹ
ˮʮ߻סĴ֣ҼᶨС
ܺãе꣬ǲࡣ
Ͼ֮ڡ
̫ϺͼУ߹ɢû˯ѵĸо
ˡ
ӭĹϥ̬̫Ϻͼףľϡ
̤ţֻϷ¡
ղͬǣһ϶ѷ˲ֽ̫ϺͼǰϸһƣŷЩѰоʳƩ۽֮࣬Щ׾
üôȥһо
ǰֱжȥְ̫֮ިΪةࡣ
ҡֻǾԶĻ˵ġ
̫ϺͼԣʱЩᣬΪʲôԼæþȴϾŵɽˮ
ΪǾϡǿ뷨һѪ
ɷǳǿ󣬷ǳ̫Ϻͼ޻˵ʵʵ
뿪ʱʾ̫ϺͼӼĻϲĴߣϾǾϵһƬ⣬̫ϺͼȡһֲС߳ȥ
ǰѰֶѡ̫ϺͼԼ׵Ķֹ
Ѱ֣Сĵعλǰ
㶮ʲô˵ֱӵ۵غǳǾϴµ֣Ѱô
̫Ϻͼʵƿԣ˻ʳ࣬ҲԶ
λǰǰ֣¶һϧ֪ʱͶˡ


268 
Ԫʮ, 򣬲ݣϪ, ڡ
Ŵ컷ƹˮ洵, Щ΢⡣
վ, ˮ, 쳣أʲôҪŴ¡
Сӱ䵽ߣ̽ʵʦ, ʲô
ûп, ֻǶ·棬زģһ⡣
ѵʲô·ˣ
̬ȣ֣ʵʲô
ںɽ, мǳΪʦʹĵ¡תͷĵؿԼĵӡںɽϻµƣȻһ̳ûʣˡ
˵ţ˸ĿڣȻʹ
ͷʶһ䣺ڵµô
СӣҾ֪㣡仰, Ц
־ץΪʦľƣһڻûúȣȫˣ
ʱӴܣɥ֮Ȯ
, ȥ·¡
ˣתнӡ±ֳһ˲ơ˲֮⡣
磬ܽõ㴿죬ɼһϵʡ
ϧȻ
̧һץǰҪεƱ鿪
ʶ֣±ֳһƣ㱻ȳߡ
ź콫Цʮºͣ𣿡
Ծҡͷ
ǻʵ㶼ΪʦľƶĶˣüĿһ̳ҲûСǴȥɵ
ڻ¿տҲΣͷѪȻ첻Ϸߡ
ҲûУҾͰ̳ߣ
¿ѡԳϣû£Ǿͼϡ
ʣµľԼŷˣɵؿ⻰οСӣ˭֪ҲؾƵĵطʵ
ֻ̳ʦ㲻а
ʱƿɫһݣǰֽ̧סƿնİ
ȵȣͷо̳ʧٵƣ
͵ľƣȻҳǰ׺ݵ̧ͷǰ
̫ިվںߣ¼⣬ˮнᡣ
ԣ˾پ̳ʾ⣬ϺЦ֪ʦͽ־翴˶á
ʦ㣬ʦ֣ʧȻû뵽￴ˡ
̫ި̧ͷߴһ޵Ц⣺Ƶղ
ʦ㿴ǲ͵̽ͷµ
Щ
һԣ񣡡
ίرסͷ
ʦʦֽôпڣɿ
ǡõ˲ݣ˳·̫ި˿ھƣ
Ҳǹʵˡ
࣬Ŀں档
ͬިһͬʢòɣ˽շֻٵһȡӹͷǡóôʱ¶¥ȥһˣʦһΣ
ֵô˼
䣬ֵھߣ
Ƭ̺ԶȥӰ̾һʵҲȥ䷹
ˣʦӦ˻¶¥ɼ
*
յгǺ֣̫ިնɱˮӵ¶¥ٲȻѾһ㣬֪ʿΪǰհһ
˵̫ިѵֳһɫʧЦѡ
Ǿƽ̣ϪЩݣʱ㱻ӭ¶¥С
̫ި¶ݣͷһԲˡ
̤ϵھ¥յ̫ިߵҼǵõɱɣͥ
Ҳһҹ̫֮ިһʵ
ٴǰƬ̣ŮʳƷǰ
¶ǣҲ̸ˣ˵˾Щ仯²һλ̲ĳϣԼԼʡĵĵӡ
̫ިຬЦţһ仰պǺ㡣
صʱҹʱ֡
ҹɫеľһƬȻ¥ӳĻ£֪ΪԳ䡣
¥¥˫Ժ󣬲֪ʲôʱѾ˯˹ȥ
ţ̫ިУһھƣ̬Ҳ¶Ȼ⡣
ɰתһ˲ԲӳںӰӽȥϷƺ˺ƺڰⷽء
ͬҹתһڵһкһڳиա
׳ľǰ˲ԵС
̫ި̧ͷԡڳ֮£Ƕһɫ
Ĳ͡
ȥδʵ
̫ިָϥϵ˵㣬صȻ˲ݣܸȥ⹬һ⡣
޸̽ţȴѾһ֮أǰ˳ͻƴˣǴ̫ިҲʱ¶һ棬⹬˭
Ӱʧԭأ¥ֻʣһˡ
ԡڳ£ϹһЦ⡣
֪˶ãð˳ʦôһˣ
мˣûطʡ
ۼطԵֽһȻԼɼ
ʦáԵͣų˵һ䡣
һŲŲ
ˣʦλǰʲô˰ôǰûǣ˸ָ˫ֱʱָɸɾ
ʦĵ¡ߣ˵£Цص
̲סʣǾڵӣ
ǡ㲻ˡ
뿪ˣ
Ǿڱ˵Ϊ⿪ﵱʱݵĵһˮ󣬾ѡ
ڶݵĳĬǱβһǡ
𾪵üЩˣ⸱ģľ
𣿣ãһԼɰͰ͵ʡ
ͷ
Ǹڶʮǰȫط򣬸𣿡
ֵؿһۣѵ»еڶ𣿡
ߵģ񲻾Ƿ˪һûڣʦô˵Ҫ֪Ҿ͸ҪǩҪϣʮʯ⡣
ڼǰھСɽ²еȻһöiҲ࿿С
뵽Լ뱩Ļ겻ס̾Ϣ
˳ǣҪôΪʦֻʹŻˡ
æֺõЦЦ
ʦҴǰôû˵ʶ𣿡
Ϊʦʦ𾴣ȻǷУǹϵġ
¶һֱӵ飺ʦ⻰˵ʵЩζ
ʺ
ûظһƣûûС˵ʦĲǣ
סԴû˵
ʦ죿
ǰľ£̲ס˹ǣҵ󷨣ʦָ
ʦ츳Ե
ɿһʵһʼǴλʦ壬ȥʦ㡭
𣿣굹һȻԼʦĿ࿴Ȼţ
ȻţǱϣһҹ硣
ôָ󷨣
ҪҡƤ񡣡
α̫ިӳԺǽǿ̵нվƽ̣
šʦ㿴ȷƤͦ񡣡
СӱܣΪʦҪ̽ʲôʦص


269 
Ԫʮ, 
ҹɫУ¥ƿ, ڷĲ֮, ķ緫֮С
Ͳʮһڴ, Щ·ȥֻ޵ļ븡ˮ, ׷¥, ǻһ㡣
¥ǰ, Сɽʿ֮ء
ȡһɫĹʵĴָСɫúǿɰһǷƷ
ժ¼ö·ȥ, Ȼܵ˹ʵ̺Ĳ, ȿֺſڽס
ٶͬʿ¶ѽ֮ɫ
ιޣǲЩ̫ҷˣ
زʶ²̫, ҲóȻ˵Щʲô
طȫ֮, Ҳ𽥻ָ, ǰƧϷħγɵŨǰѾɢȥʱ¹䣬ںϸâ
ҹԾ¥, ı̴
ǵķʢȻ鴫
ܿ죬¥ɫеִ˺ɿϣʿԴ¡ʲôΪʵŴ˴أδ֮С
ϾСɽƽ̣ˣ
µһˣ̫ި
ٶȻ½ʿ֮ȴ̫ܺިĵλ
˲²⣬һս֮ģֻз˪ࡣ
һǰɿڵʿúĿΧȴδһȺɽ֮䣬ҹɫֱСɽɽȥ
ʰϣʱСɽɽ·ϲеʱʵڲʲôεĺʱ
ͣһʯϣ̧ͷźΰɽţСɽ֣ƺ˼
Ƭ̺󣬺һͻأ𣺡Ϊβȥ
ȥʲô귴ʵ
㲻ʦģŮ䣬ʶɽ֮겻˪ѩ
ʼ磺һûá
ֻһ
ࡣ
תͷ¹£Ů֬ǷӨů⡣
ڿòʱвһĨޡ
̫ިĿɨЩ꣬ʶĶѾƶϳý
΢һĨȣ벻ȥĵطһ
꿴ͻȻԼǰˣδ
Сɽڣ̫ި³֡
ԣ겻漴ֵطӦֻСɽµȥɡ
Ǳ˷ִУ»д鷳
£ӦûԸ⿪
ֻҪ㲻˵Ǳ㲻֪̫ިδ¶ݣֻǲ
Щģѧû˵Сɽڣ֮лǰȥһֻۣܺݵľܾĻᡣ
⶯̫ިַϣΧʱʼã˲Ϣ˱ڽڣ֮ڡ
߻谵ڣڣ͸齣.ڵ棬ʣɢӶصϢ
ÿһһͷޣݷڴˡһ䶼һļƷ
Žڣھ۵ֳһ㾪֮̾ɫԼûнһĻʱȫΪ֮ݡ
ʱڣгȻһһ໥Ӧ
̫ި΢΢üڣ
һХԽڣƿնֱֱꡣ
ȻҲΪʴôֲΣ֮ʣδǱӴܣվԭת
Կ϶Լ㲻ѽǱֻǿнˡ
Ϸ£ϥͷ䣬̧ס޷Ƶȥ
ܻۣһһμѣ̫ިȴ޳˼
ֹƬ̣̳ɢȥץŽͷվԭأһ
ΪԼҪˡ
ڽڣ춯֮ʱѾϵ
̫ިԣϳеĽ
ժǺӣСɽһʦ޳ı齣
ǡһмֲţȻôɵô
̫ިҲû뵽
ʱǰڣȷһѽһġ
ʧЦǿ߲ˡ
ĻЩֵؿ˹
࿴ʵʲô
ߡ
ӭߡ
*
Ŀȸᣬ£ÿһöҫĿâڿлµâ
ڱ̨ϣȸüĿ޵ŮҶ׹һö貵Ŀȸβ
֮ʱСɽӶɿۣΧΪ֮һ
ŵµ̲סʦ֣˭
ֿȸ˵Ůʦ㡣
̧һУһѳУ·űâ
΢΢򢣬·ս
£˵Ŀⶼվڶལ޵ǰϡ
һԵˮӯӯΨ²һС˰
Ļֻ˵˶ٴΣ룬
ʦϰܶʽˣڶལ޵Ҳ׷׿塣
£ûмǲöġ
߶Ŀ⣬Ҳδ⣬ժǺУ˱̨
ǰЦ̧֣롪
˭µӲʡ
һԽΪ͵ʽһĴʦ֣ߣʦ֡
Ľôǵ֮ʱΪ˵ͶСɽʦ޳ı
˵ʦֵʱ֮λʦҲѧʮ꣬ҶʦѾûʲôܽˡǿҶʦ壬һ£Ҳ㲻ˡ
ŵĵõɴ۾ô
ʦôСɽط֮ͬڼ޵УԽսǳ¡һ̲סڵ˵ˣڣܵɡ
µٲ˵ʲôֻԼȫľ磬˵ʵЩңԶ
̨Ϸ뽣ײһ𣬽Ӱһʱѷ֡
˹Ȼʢ¥ͷͷϳɵ̾
һ̳ƣС¥ʹģĸп
¥öʯЦŶ㿪
̿ˣ֧λʦʦͬŲҪ֣ۣͯݺһСɽӸߺȵ
ˮӯӯһʯطһˮʮ߿Լʯֹˣ͵֧ʦֶˡ
üۣͬΪ壬ұѹһʯʦֶϰɡ
СɽҲʯѹԼֵ֧ˣʯӣԳƽ
ߺԣʤ֮䣬ľҲ֡
ϣ࿴̫ިި˭Ӯ
̫ި֦ϣİصν
˭ӮνϾδǻೡԡ
ЦһԵʤʵ޹ؽҪҪǣǻ
ϲ޳̫ƣȴߺ塣
ɹ΢©´̫ި۽޲һ˲΢΢
Լĺˮ֮У֦ͷķƺҲʱʵķΧлʡ
ͷ̫ިüһǣᡣ
һжǡô


270 
Ԫ߰ʮ, ڡС
ʲô˼, бͲף㻹Ҫϸ׸Բʡ
Ҳ, ɢ, ȴѵû̫Ľ顣
ʵüĿ, ΢䣺λҵͬ·, ͬһβʲô
ŮӹһϮ糺磬ñй伸ѻ෢˿˫ܿ͸ġ
̫ިۿżɢִ, δ෢һԡ
Ϣ΢ýޣǲ̤;ãʮֵ΢Χɢ޿Ϊ޺еڡ֣ʵмѰ·ζ
ݵ͵˴Ů, ۵ž⣬Ȼñס˴, ǿԿһ˾޵ɫ
ڶɢͶ򰵵Ŀ̽ߣ̫ިδκηӦ
, Σգָҳ־ˡŮаŶذ, 䵭
ľ֮ߵģαնذŮӣ˵ˣ˾Ͳٶԡ
, óԼһͷӰ
Ƥë̫ިǰͷ̬쳣ѱЩ⡣
ֻӰԵɺշҰδѱһ򲻿׽ʿû뵽ȴԸλͷ
ѵҲ
ҡͷɢЩЦͷɫ̫ިģһὫ㰲ȫڡ֡
λѣҪֻ嶾ҧС
ڡΣķûڴ˴޶ڽΪϣ˶ܲƽ߳Ǹδ֪
һΪԼǺˣȻ˶Ӧرǡ
ֻƼˮ꣬δ̫ިΪλڴ˴
̫ިף˵ʲôҲ̬ðתʾϢɢ׼̡
ڶзķƣУ겻֪뵽ʲô̫ިջĿ⡣
Щɢޡ³òŮ
Ǵ˷ʣ侮ʯҲ䵽Щݬɢ޻·ȵɣƽǣЩ˳Ҫǻȥ
̣û뵽ǣιڡֵĻ;Ȼ쳣˳;мûʲôǰ·
֮󣬳гڡΧɣƽѾǰ
ڶɢڵִɣƽʱɶ˿ʵǽЩʱӹɵ
ڡֿҲûдǰΣհ
ǰһ·ϾȻֻԪӤ޶ûм
Ǵ˷ãöܿˡ
ӰӱһͫɨЩʿ˽Ҷѵĸ߰
Լڣֻ۵޸ǰײ
ҹɫ٣֦¥ҵյҲӳҹĻ硣
֦¥λɣƽģһǳ֮
ʱͬһȺɢڽ䴦ǰϷʳҺյУɫ
ǹȻЩۿ˵ֻͣǴ󷽵ģȻ֦¥ǣ⻹ҵһĵط׳Ʒһھƣ
ҪԼʯǾ᲻ġ
¥ڳʻΣλϣекɫư֦¥ˣﱲ֮һ
ϯｻӰҡΣһк֡ƬУŮһϷ£糺ҡ
˭
ʿ̧ͷƳӰʱЩ
ԽԽע⵽ĳ̧֣ͷϳ̫ިвɫ
ô
֮˱̫ިֱȫȻû뵽ͻȻ֦¥С
̫ިͣ½Ųת·вκ
վڻϣ΢΢ָ̧⡣
һ̣֦¥һǺȻ۶ϣ飬
¥ʿʧ˿֮У߽Ͷ̫ިζ졣
֦¥İǺεŭȻ˸֦¥£
ҽ£
ڶ໤·̫ި˿巢ʲôЩ㾡Ρ
֦¥Ļɶ֡
̫ިָٶߴ¥̮ȥ
һ۵һԺǵĺ֦¥ϡҲһ̣¥װεﾹȻӦ飬׷׻ӿڡ
һĻ֦¥˲ʹʡ
ȵȣץĲôôˣ֦¥亹ֱ֮ʣſ޿ڣ뽫һˡ
ʱ̫ި̧֣α㲻ܿƵС¡
̮ķУվڸ¥ϣȹҹһǣ裬һҹ¡
̧ס죬̫ިණ
ίߴһǴӦŻſ֡
˻˻
Сţһ۵Ů̫ͯިߡ
أ
ȥѰڡֵΪЩô
̫ިָС˵㣬ǰʱչ治ýҢɽ߻һѧ߽С
̫費֪뷨ֺõָ˲䡣
˪Ů̫裬֮ƽİñǳԡ
ڡУ֪֦¥Ļ죬軹ǹ׽סȫǿ
̫ިԼŮΪԷʧӰҲңѭϢɣƽǡ
֦¥ȴǾ¥ȴ°ɫ毺õŮ֮£˳ֽ⴦¥ˡ
̫ިǰ֦¥ʶɫ֪Ҽ˭֦¥¡
ͬϯðһɪɪȫȻֱ
̼ٵ֦¥ˣܶԸġ
̫ިָһ⣬壬һҽУ˲仯촷ۡ
治Źġ֦¥ڵϷţĿغ
ȥֻڹ꣬գŰݷá
˿ǺϵĴȻسƺúһͣʲôˡ
һɢǱضڽУԶԶ̫ިٶǾ˵
̫ިĿϣβΪ֮һ
ʲһɳִǰСɽ
סƣȻ̧ͷ̫ިȻȥ
СɽԲ˿һƣ̫ިıӰǡ
̫ިɢŮʧг֣ߡ
֦¥ŮӣǴ˵еô
ǰ̤¶̮Ϊ֦¥üЦϣ⶯ʵЩ󰡡
ߡ
ٲ뿪ñʿͷ˪ָС
һЦ뻳С˷
ǿʢϢȻڳУɣƽʿ̧ͷֻɵĺҹɫƿԶȥ
һҹ봫˵
