ʮһס
:Ʈ

:
2331УǸдƷϵͳڱʱ⣬ʮҵСŮ
ϲռСˣ̣ȴһͰˮ᲻ġ衣
үȳȺд
ǸԣޣĸԸ
ʮø޵޳ѷҹŸġ
Ψһģ֡
ͷϻţ֣֣Դһ챻˺ƣ׵ľ衣
Ŷ硣
һһ
þͷú˴
2331
ͳ¼ͥԱȫͷ

ݱǩԽʱ 
ؼ֣ǣӢǣ
һ仰飺֣ͳü
⣺ʺԼͺãҸԼ

vipǿƣ
ӢһٵϵͳһСɽ̣Сɽ˶̣࣬й磬ӢƽԳԺȺȣС£׳ɳƾԼϵͳʱעĸݣ󣬳ΪĿѧҡ
ıϸ壬ĬƤŮ˹Ϊ㣬ϵ߰ʮǵʵгչ̡ͬʱҲչǸǻϽľò


1 
1976꣬
ĩ캮
ϵĶ࣬ż磬Ҳ͸Ŵ̹ʪ䡣
ɽӣӵϣһͷݻƣԼĪСѾͷرŸСŮȥ
ߵͷŶϾӳĴǣͷǡ
񻪣㱳ϱ˭ôѪһﺰ
ӳһ࣬׼ȥϻʵźɻɫ䣬µӣһǳһŵ߳æԼҹŮ
裬ӢܴƽԴ񻪱ŻԵŮͯ
ϵŮͯȥֻ꣬ཬ˲ٲްȫʪ͸ˣεδˮ
ˣһСմѪ
Ѫˮεһ·ǣŴĿġƫСȴûпޣ˫ںڵ۾ãȻؿܡ
źɻæ񻪱ϵŮͯɤӣͳﺰһ䡣
Ҷ죬Ӣ˵Դˡ
ӵ˼ڳźɻһɤӣʱ˳ˡ
ɽǴգߣкü˼Ҷźɻĺ˼ң׷̧ͷ￴˹
ɱģĸӣҼСӢ۸ˡ
ͻȻ
ʱ϶ϱСӣæĻӳ˳
2331㶼䣬ͱһŮ˱˻˵Щʲô2331һ䶼û
2331ں¡
ȫ֪ʲô
ֻǵãоƬʽ֮ǰеۿһ⣬ٻ㼯ǰһжˣлһݼ䡣
٣λС̵ļ䡣
С̺ϲޣ䣬ÿ춼Ҫ޼ÿһޣͻõ뵽Ķлкöˣ඼죬Ϥľүүְ̣裬һԸһǱ塣
ڣŮԣе̡
䲻࣬Ϊϵͳ2331Ǻܿͷˣǰ׷ʲô¡
ͳͳƺ񣬴Խˣ
ԽһС̡
ʮǰС̱ͬ弸ƽͷײ﹣ߵʯͷϣñٵϵͳ֪ԭ򣬱װС̵
2331ԭǼзΪķϵͳӴݿ⣬û죬ͱЯⲡУûͱϵͳȥˡ
ٹУ֪ʲô⣬и֪ݿعĻʮĩһӢ̡
ӢӣӢӣϽ̡
СϵͳѪ۾Ϊ飬ãȻͣɲһˤɵ˵ʧ
ӣܹܲġ
СزŮϵѪƵģһ߹һ
̣Ӣ·ȫʪˣ䣬Ȱʪ·ȥɡ
ߣｫӢشӵ񻪣ܹ𼱵û񣬸æ
ֻӢһ꣬СѾͷ²ţѴˣҪƽʱôЩ졣
עȫ˵Ӣϣûע⵽ݲͬ
ԣ·񣬸ϽȥӢ׸ɾ·ܹعæߵĶӻȥ·
Ӣ壬ղźɻ˵Ӣˣܹǵһӳܳġ
ĻӦһܻ˼ҡ
ӵĳڴڣʯ̲ϣһһأ˺üӡܹҲȥȡ·ʱ䣬ͽ˻˼ң˸طӢϵʪ·
Ӣӣ۲£·̾ʹȥҽ
·Ḷ́ϵͳԴ崻УһֱɵɵûκηӦ
ȵعѾܹѵùˡ
ͷͷʹ
Ī࣬װϵͳں˵Сܳʵİо˵ࡣ
˵껰ͷϵͳѰ壬оƬݿ⻹ڲڡ
һȦϵͳ﷢֣άתоƬûˣݿ⵹ǻڣУ¿
ϵͳ
ˣоƬûˣͳΣĳɲȱϵͳˡ
ʹʹھʹȥҽҽͲʹˡ
СŮ˷Ӧһֱĵܹ˿
ŪԼϵͳҲ׻ع
һع񣬴۾Уӳܹĵ
ϵϵͳʱЩ
Ȼû٣ͳͳܸˣǡٵΣȴû
Явϵͳʧȥ̺󣬻ж༫ˡһЩ˷֣ǵ̣ӭģ϶ٴ١
УԼϵͳݣ̵ļҳ֡
ܹŮ·⻧˼ҽ˸¨Ӣװ¨ģѪҺ̵Ŀ죬ӢϵѪȻϴɾԴȴ˿ڣҽŷġ
Ӣӣǵðƽģļ𣿡ܹ˵߱¨ӢҧгݣļС뵰
ղ˼ҹŮ˵ӢǱܴС˵ƽġ
ܴ꣬һľǼһȺǧģ۸Ůû˻ôš
ôǵá
ܹŭεѸսԼݵСϵͳһе㷢
̵̺ס
һܱ¶ݣȻпܱ١
£ڣǲ۸㣬ͷ磬Ǵ
СѾͷĲܹ֪ں¡Ƶģһ裬¶Ȱ
ȴ֪ϵͳµľ
СӢô˵òذɣ
ܹӢ߳ڣϹĶԱͣ£˹мҺҹϵģĵ˼䡣
ܹϱ϶ׯĶܹӡܹѾʮһŮǸľѾɼҺü꣬Ůǰȥ˸ڴӣʣСû̸ϱ
ӢĹŮ
Ӣǰͷһ˫̥ӣ˫̥Ӣ꣬ȥѧУˣڴӢ骣ũæ󣬾ͱɽӳȥؽվˣҪ¶ʮ˲ܻ
ôѪû𡣡
ܹõ˵һ䣬ɤųߣһûͷͷӣҴӢȥȥʣļСӣӢӸġ
һԼˣܹͺӢȥ
ûӣ߾𼸸СĿ
ȻǼǷ˵СƨԼҴ˴ˣԻƾĽ
ɽж·̣һ˵ûһСʱܹ䱳˸ˣȽʮӾ͵ִ
ҽӢԴ˲Ѫһ飬˿Դϡ
˿Щ»˿ڣ÷ϼС
ӢСҽҲûʲô˼ɣ򵥴ֱֱӰһͷïܵС˸Сͷ
ͷҽ̶ܹСѾͷ˿ں룬ҩҩЧûȫӣԴ϶֡

մԽͷһ˵ϵͳܽһ顣
״ӵģǺˡ
˿ڣҽֽܹϸЩСѾͷжŻ£ͷε󣬾͸Ͻȥһ¡
ҽܹ࣬˺üΣŮǲˤɵˡ
ҽûֱӻش⣬ֻ˵þţˣһжãûôҽû˵
û˵Ļɰܹŵòᡣ
ܹ˶е㱡
ͷ¨￴һۣôһԹɣ޲ֵŮʱ۵òС
һҧ˹磬˰ǡ
ŵӢֱͳζŴİ״ԺÿֲѭУع


2 
յ죬ڵıȽ磬ܹӢȥϿҽͲˡ
ɽĺɫϹˣѾ׼չ
ܹʱصӵģߵڣͿǡ
ǻˣӢôذɣ
׼ؼҵĴĻ׷ͣ½Ųܹ߿˹
أҽ˵úúš
ôõ·ܹҲ۵ĲУʯӣӢӱ¨ﱧһ˫۾ڳɨ
ܱƽʱûڿ죬ǸţƵģͲ֪չˡ
ҵҪҵˣܹһǣƳװģϴܱ
ԼŮСиܴܱܴӣСӢˣܻ˺֢£úС쵰ļҳų
ܱһ򴽣Ц̧ӣĵĻⲻûע⵽𡣡
ܱһ㶼ܹ
ղۿһۣСѾͷ˵úأͷˣͷϵɴаƴҲ֪ˤ˶ӡ
ôصˣɱôȻҪѪˡ
ǳСӣǰǶٴ򣬺ˡ
ܱСžţ⼸Ҳ࣬ĥӢ˵жء
Ǻǣ䱻Ͷˣôв񡣡ܹЦ֪ܱڶƫ̨¡
˾ܱܹһת䵽ߵϡ
ү˵զŪɡӢӽôһͷ϶룬뵱ɶ¶ûӵһɡ
һӢԴ룬˿
롭ǵö˿ڰ
ܹﺰүܲɣӵĶӳңӢ״ү
Ұ˿ں̣˶̸ˣôŪôŪղȥ˶Ǯһ㣬۲ҪܼҶһ֣Ҳһ֡
һ֣ǿɲС
үҽ˵Դϵ˵úúãҪ⣬ۼôú£ǼҲҪҽҩѣӢӵĻҲǳ
ܹһֻܼҳҽҩѣ۾һɣʱˡ
żǮӢⳡѵ˲ɣ˾Բô㡣
ܱһ˻𣬳ɤӸɺһӣô㡣£ŪӢӣҽҩǸóķãҿɲϡ
ɶЦҽҩѾˣǳķãֲԩͷ
ܹ𣺡ǺǣҼӢӾ͸ˣĺúõģҪǼҵĻСǷˣԴᰤ롭
ϣ˵ӣˣǮ϶ͷļҵӢӣӢԴѪŵһѷȫˣû˵ǺˣҪ˼ҹŮײǼҳľͲҽҩˡ
ܱ󻰸䣬棬߹һͷ
ͷǸȳӣ˰ȡûȵİ߿ܣһϵ˴ϣһڵľȣһȳһȳߵ˳ڡ
ﺰļ֣ӢǼܺӵļҳ
ȳͷӢүүܹȥϣҲûţӢ˵ԭŪ˸һ
СǷˣΪӢǸ³ľߡ
ոӢģľͷһķľͷܱһֻСӢ棬ߣȴȺСۡ
ⲻûڣͶߵʱ򣬻ӢӸƵ
Ӣ˼ҹŮȻˮǶ֪
ߣĻͬص˵ͷ
ɲǣϱӢȻȻˣȵ̫﹣С죬գɵˡ
ճɵɵ꣬ԼȦ棬һ߸ҧˣһҧͳûˡ
ܴˣһѷֻܵСӺ֮µ֮٣ȴʵʵڸҴһѡ
ļˮǶʱ䣬ӢͻȻˣֺȥȴˮûˣȴֺ͸ͷȦĲ﷢
ҷʱϽץһߡǱ߶ģʲôʱģû֪
һҹ䣬ˣүܲסûȥˣҡ
ӢûɵͲȥץ棬жڲֺҲΪȥˮӡ
ڴУСƤԡ
ƤҲиȣˣǾͲеƤˡ
⼸ҽѪͷŻʰԼСӣֻг˽ѵЩС֪ʲôʲô
񻪣զˣ
һ࣬ŮźɻɵƳ˹
۾һأûɶǵӢӣ룬ǵöʹ
˭֪أ񻪣ԺܴԶ㣬ȺСӣͣûûأɱ۸ȥˡźɻ̾һԼҹŮ
һں۾ʱʱܹﱧŵӢȥ
ĵһ¡
ֳ˱仯֤ЩǿԸıġ
䣬Ӣӱܹʵʵֻ¶˸С档޲֣ܹϸţڿϵǿŴǡ
ң֪զ£Ī֣Ӣ֧Ŷ䣬͵̸
һߣŬ츳Сϵͳ䲻һĿ⡣
ϰԵתӣûΣա
ˣӲǰ˫ɨĻеۣת˼ȦĸоûУ;ƤϣмСڷɡ
Сϵͳеˡ
գգۣͣɵߴĶȻһͷԲ۾ֱӿ˹ȥ
һȥǱҲڿ
Сϵͳ㣬漴죬ЦЦ
С̣ͳͳϵá
̳ģ˺óһ·
˻ޣСöװ׾Ӣ̳骵òǹɼ֣࣬һЦͻСͷһСͷҲɿɰ
񻪿Ӣ鶯ЦͫԽ˼֡
Ӣûɵ̫ˡ
Сϵͳ񻪣еԺ֪ڸʲôԼĺЦ꣬ͷ̸
ʱﻹĥţôαװ࣬Ųᱻ֡
ϵͳ࣬ԽʱգԽ֣תʵ̫е㲻Ӧ
ôӦ뱻٣Ŭαװ̣»
Сϵͳе㷢
̣һ㶼ôģ
ġƤĻǹɵģ
ϿϲʵĺӣҪԺʵ̣ӣ¼ͥԱӦþͶϲ˰ɣ
ûԺһʵ̡
СϵͳȷԼĿ꣬ʳ¯үү̣Ҳĸֵ˲
ܹȻһȳһݣսǿƾ죬˵Ǽ޵ݣټԱиңļһҳǮСӢӵӪѡ
ʮũ壬һһ굽ͷǮǮ๻һ˰µˣǮļ۵òС
ǮǺöܹô׾üҳǮˣ۾һÿǶ㡣
ҽ˵ˣӢӵþʮǮĹް
ܹһţǳǮ忴˼֧˸
ܴ޶ǮͲˣҪ̫࣬⼸ҿ϶ɣٳȥֵǮ¶Ҫɡ


3 
ѳװ£죬һҹ쳣䣬
ֵڣСϵͳܹ˼ҡ
βӰµһƬʯ̲ϡʯ̲߻˼ңܼҵӵģӦЩˣݶ߶ࡣԺӺ棬иõݺӴȦݡ
һһûȢϱһҰ˿ȫ䷿
˼ңܹӢ˸СߣԼú͵ƣʼˮ󷹡
廹ûͨ磬ҼһõĶú͵ƣޣԻ谵ĳ
Сϵͳǰһ˫Сַ·µѧ˶СϥϣԼ¶ݣ֪Լ̻оӣȻһݣٴθ١
뵽ᱻ٣Сϵͳ崻ˡ۷㣬ľżĻ

ȽŲ㣬һŵҵ壬̤ͳŮü̾˿
պÿˮ׼ιӢҩܹƳ̾ʲôҿӢӾСӻָ죬Ӧûʲô⡣
һԼǰӢӢӼԺãһ죬һ٣˵ӢԺ϶гϢڡԴˣҲ֪ǹɴڲڡ
ޣѻ졣ܹ޼һۣʣ˵أ
û˨ϣզ֪ȥˡѹȷŵǽǣ̨£һѲȻСϵӢϡ
Ӣӣ۲ʹүүɵÿãˣүүȥӳԡ
ǸǹԼҵֵˮ̣һζرǺˣСϵͳձ;ãҪ֪ûˡ
岻֪СŮ
ԹԵشӿ㶵СӣȻӴȡһԼҺɵݸ
СϵͳûҪɣСӱ˼£ϲ
Ť˼£Ҳû취µأСüͷһСֻͣŬľ롭
զˣǲϵˣ
嶢СŮæʣӣҽô˵ģզţӢӺϵˣ
ӦǱŵˡ
ܹ״ΪӢûں£æϱ
ˣӤ˼¡
ԶСϵͳһʿһŤСצӽץסܹ·
ܹСƨɣӢӣ£үү
һýţʵϵͳˮ۾ĵүү
òͳͳѬˡ
ĳˣ
壬±ӣҲûϵĳζƣûȵʺ
ܹ˦˸۵Ӹƽʱٳ̣㻹߶ڣñӢ
Ӣӣǲȳҩˣ̸󼦵ԡܹӢŵСϣϸĵιҩ
СϵͳȻĹСȻͲܾҩ
ܹϵҩӣȻ֣ùϡɴ࣬ҩһ
ҩڣɬζõһγҩϵͳʼͳˡ
ÿࡣ
ҩ̫ѳˣ
СϵͳüһСһ˫۾æܹ룬͹ˮ
Խʱ鷳Ǽʱգֻȥ߲˯һָܻܣڣȴúȿҩ
ϵͳϿ˵ȱҽƶر΢Ҫ
˻
̡
е̡
УѾϵͳࡣҪúóҩԷ̡
ܹŮҩԵôԣԽˡ
̧ͷ͸ľţۺһԺӣ漴һ˲ٲΧȹ˲֣תͳ˳
һòʯͷԺӣа˸ߣ߶ţܹû߳ԺӣͿԺ⣬иŮ˱һݣ׼ȥ
һ꣬߷ſ˲٣ҼһˣֻҪڿ˼ңͷȻԼһͷǼģʣµȴԼ֧䡣
ũˣҪȥ֣ݵ£Ȼ¹ⲻڵö·ˣڼҵŮˣŻŻææŪһݻ
ܹŽԺӵŮˣ۾һŮ˺һмһҸӢӴ뵰
Ӣ̵Ļ۾һĨɻ
ͷżߵļѣֿ谵ȻұҪ̣ͻȻãﲻԡ
ӢҪԼʲô£ֲûι
ݻؼҵŮˣҹĨǣ֪ԶݣǮҶǮϱ
Ǯϱܹ
ϲҪŴ޶ǮȥھִҼ⡣
ܹһۣôûϵˣҼӢӽⳡҶţķݡҽ˵ӢӵþʲôоҪϸһٵóҪʵҲڸҼḺӢúãɶ⣬ǲͲټǮˡ
ܹ𻰵Ӣеãˡ
ϵͳˣϵͳʱҲǱ˽ĳġ
㷨񲻶ԣȷʵ
ܹһڣǮϱʱؿʹ
ǮŻûˣ
ʲô
ǲɣ
ܹ𣺡ʲô꣬Ӣ˵ĿԴҽ˵ˣúãβǾû⣬ҪŻ»ˣ͵ȥҽԺ顣
ҽԺǿǮĵط㲻ΪʮǮ͹ɡ
Ǯϱ
ûˡ
˿һݣԼԺߡߣ˵ҪҲֻһҸɣӢӵֲֹҼҶţһ˵ˣҼֲûǮ
ɲý㡣ҾȥܱңܱҪȥͷңȥңļһһ
ܹԶǮϱ仰̸߽ǮԺӣ˳ָǮϱ˰֣ѱϵݸ鵽ϡ
æֱߵǮҼ˸
ܹ𣺡ӢҵģҲָӢʱ䣬һһԼҴһܲˡ
Ǯϱ
ǸŮ⡭
ûôġƫ˵ʲôΪ£
ؿʹ
ܹ꼦ҲˣżͻԼԺӡ
ǰŸճǮңǮϱ۾һɣ˳ɨϳһˢӣŭܽݣԼСӾһٿᡣ
Ǯţڳ߾ͱʰһ٣ڶٴˡ
ǮϱҪ
С̫ƤˣﶼҪҲûǮʰ̯ӣǮǶ򼸽ˡ
Ǯûˣһ컹øһˡ
ûһСԸվŰǮϱһ֣ǮţȿʼӣϸˢܣһֱԼԺӣ׷쵽Ժӡ
Сƨܵٿ죬Ҳû˵ȳʱʱϾͰһ۵۽С
ܾ̿òԵϵͳӢСһСߵűߣһۣͿ˱Ǯţ
Ӣ𾪣
ĳ࣬ÿֲȻ̶
ݿļزһ
й̵գÿһʾҪذǻģô磬ȫһأ
ţƤѵͳɣɱôҲӢãҪ˼ҹŮû֪Ҫʲô
Ӣ䣬˱˼̣ЦеسԺӰӺһ
Ȱ˻ﲻԡ
Ӣһ˵ģã²ڹ
˵һ仰ȥǮţʱִ˼֡
Ӣ˫۾ܽڶ
ͳͳǹԺӣԲ


4 
Ժ⣬žУصҵܹ鲻һ˵
ϡӣټһ̲ˡ
Щܹˤ˺󣬾һֱԵò񻰵Ů̾˿ץһѰ棬ָӢһѴǮļ
ӢͳһγԵʳγ۾һܹ𿴲Ķ
ܹ;ãˤŮﲻԡ
ͳԼô۾˰ϡ
ܹ𣺡
Դˤ˰ɡ
Ӣӣͷ𣿡ܹ۶Ӣĵʡ
ҽ˵ͷλŻ¾ǳˣȥҽԺ顣
ӢʵΡ
ܹգգۣʲô
ӢûУڳԷ
ֳȣĸļ
ǼʣʳԸֻģԭ̬Ķֻж湱׼лԵ
ڣһϵͳԵеˣһԲĹͼ
ͳֵˡ
ţʵҲ
ܹŮش⣬ŵķȥ
תߵԺɤţ幵ǱߴһȥˣԷˡ
ûܹһˣȴûˣܹЩãⲻˡ
˼Ҳû˻Ӧ
Ƕ϶˫̥ҹ·ˡֵһܹǸϽԷԼҲʢϡױӣ
ϵɽ·ԶһһѧУɽûѧУѧУһСѧҪɽܵһСѧ·̲࣬СѧһЩԣұ㽫ֵȥ϶顣
ÿ죬ֵܹ⻨·ϵʱ䣬͵Сʱ컹ãһ죬ֵܲѧҲΪѧѣһƬѧޣ˫˫žꡣ
̣Ӣôˣֵһһۣͳ˱ɹͷá
ͷˣͷϾɴһ˵ġ
־µһͷϵˣնͷȥæ̨ܵá
ܹҧ˿ڱܴǮţС쵰ˣ˵ͷ
־һ۾͵һģ˸ӣãӴ
˭أϽԷ
־Ҫ˵ĻճڣͷϾͰһͷ
־£ӢӳͷǶԵģˡҪܽ⣬õ㶯֡ԼȶֳǼƤСһˡ
ܹҲ޳־´ˡ
ȻҲǼСô򣬵ҲǼҵȥ
ȻǾҪûˡ
־·űʹԴǿؿүү
ү۾ڵ죬һСͲеǰ취ʰǡ
ŴӲĺˣСƨʲô취
־²Դүүа취ǡ
ã۲£Ȼ͸־ºߺõСͷ;۾ʹ
ɶܴǮţ־ѧڼң۸ãֵܲ˰ͷôʰǡ
־˵꣬Ӣߣںϡֳһͳҡʲôû˵һֱ۵ϵ־ԣ˳ȥҲæȥ
ԺС
Ǯ˻Ǯϱû÷Ǯ϶ڴſڵʯϣһڣûһڵسˮ̡
ߵԺ־£Ҳ֪ʲô⣬վԼԺ룬Ǯ϶˵˾䣺壬̶ÿ
ǰɣģǰǸ֪ҷȥˡǮ϶̧ͷЦŻһ
־ʱ͸죺ˡڻţںӱߣ̸˵ʹţôͲˣ
Ǯ϶΢㣺ɶ̸˵棿
԰ţˣ̸ܰˣɻ־µͷ˳һǮţ
ӱƾһ仨Ǯ϶۾һɣһ̣͵һ´ʯһ䣺Ǯţӹ˵ǲҵ̸˸涪ġ
Ǯţձһ٣ûأֱǮ϶һ٣һ
ֻ˵˼仰ɶҲûɵ־£Ǯţ޵ЦЦתԼҡ
СӣǸ˭ѧģ
Ժ棬Ǯ϶Ի壬Щܹ
ܹ𣺡˭֪أǸѧġ
һԣӢˮ۾һģ
ƭˣǸѧġ
ղǮţôң˵ûϵ
磬ţúòҡһź־²־ԣڶţĿеĵ
־һۣʲôңԴˣͷûˣҡ
־գգۣ룬ͷͣɲǣñҡ
ϵͳӢ
ͳͳļˣﲻ
ӴẢӵ˼еࡣ
ʯ̲Ảӣ˸ʯ̲幵Ҳв˼ẢӡǳǱߵޣûһӵģȫᡣ
Ȼ񻪳⡣
֪ȥˣһֱӢϴͽ˴ûл
С˯࣬ӢںϵͳȴСԴˣûסϴ˯˹ȥ
Ӣˣһס
ڼ䣬ܹ޶ëƵģ춼Ҫȥ˼޶һӢ塣Сӿǿ߰ȥͷϵ˺ˣСҲιһȦ
Ѿȫͣʮ죬֯ԱѶȥ˸ʻչվȻǵ¶ʮֺ졣
ֻͷͷ׼̧ȥչվһͷ¶ʮˣӻɱ
ͷʵһ㣬Ҳֻϰ˾ʮ顣ڿ˼ңһ㶼ͷʣµľԼģɱԼ
¶ʮܿ͵ˣ칫˾
⣬ůů
ʯ̲ߣ;˲ٴճɲȲֵ֪ܷǮ
ʯ̲Ҳ˲Сӡ
Ӣڼ䣬ҲԼС飬Ǿ˼ҵ񻪡
񻪼幵ʯ̲ߣһӵ·
Ӣ˵ڶ죬ļң˵ǸӢ塣
ϡȱѾǼĺöˣӢܹתԼժ˼Ӹ񻪣װ˼ͷûȥ˼̫̫ԡһȥСϵͱú
ҲǴԽһԼͷˣӢϲ񻪡ⲻʯ̲Ͽ֣СβƵģ񻪡
Ӣ󣬵һγţģĶ档
ھ;ã˱ϵͳá
ȻҲûϵͳ
ʯ̲ӵĴ£ӢմŪʲôǷֺ죬Ա߾ʹ˵Сŵ
ιǮ־أ־͵͵Ұָ״ұ˺ü٣Ҫ
⼸죬ճߵСܻʱʱһٴ˵ᡣ
˼ȺСƨǷ֣Ǳ־¸״ˡⲻмģͿʼˡ־ͷӲ䵥ҲֵĻᡣ
ǣһϣϵ¶ʮ졣
ӢǮʲô˼ȴ֪ⲻǸû
ΪǰЩϣҺԺ̫̫ã˵ʲôǮ
Ӣͷż۹ļСһȥǲǮ
ǣҶ죬Ƿʰˡ
икһģֻƵģݵشڵӢǰǷģһѽӢͷϴñӸˡ
Ӣͷܹ䵽˾·һСñӡ
ñһƣӢûͷĹԴͱ¶˳
ԴϵȻϣҽޣߺһſԴϣñһƣǼСͺЦ
ǮСͷˣˡ
Ӣûͷĳ˹֡
Ӣ
ѹִôڴ̡
Ҳ̣ô졣
ƽñӻӢӡһԵ񻪣Ӣñӱˣյһվ۴
񻪣Ҫ¡
ҾͶˣôţӢ˲ŸպãҪñӶˣˣôʰǡ
ƽСƨ񻪰ˣһְӢñӶϣˡ
񻪺һñӼӢӴͷϣӢӣϹ˵ͷͲˡ
ϲСԼͷӺܸˡ
ཱུСһ֣ߵСѣұͲǲų󡣡
ͳͳƯء
ղŻɨһ£ʯ̲ϣ̣ÿ
ɹͷҲǺÿĹͷ
ԣƯġ񻪱ӢһСģˣС
⻰û˵
СӢм̣Сȴް㣬ܾ£˾Ա軹ÿǵãʮҲһƯ֪ԵŮӣ־ԣţˮī߳˰㡣
СӢ̵Ů᲻ÿ
ϧ
뵽üͷһĿʶ׷ԶƽҲ֪뵽ʲôͻȻӢӣԺƽԶһ㣬Ҫȥ棬ǧȥ
ƽ
ΨһĶӣǵãϱҳǰ˿ƽɵ˵Ӣӣʯ̲ķصֹ
һ꣬ӢӰ꣬ƽʮꡣ
ϣˣȻ


5 
񻪶Զƽ˳˼
еˣǻ֣ûɡ
ͱ磬ƽ
ƽǹҵĶӣϱӣֻȱкҪƤЩϲèǹûʲôȴãƽһĻ֡
ˣһŮ󲮼㣬Լ㣬ȻЩ㣬ں漸꣬ȫԼŮˡ
ÿһ˲Ǯ
˵ü£Ǳ̻Ǯ޳ȥģʣ¼ƽеϵ
Ǽ޵Ǽң⣬ȻţЩ˼Ҳøߣƽ֪ôߥ޵̣Ůȫû޺á
ŮĲ̹ȫƽ
Ǯȴ£ȥҴ硣ˣżҸϻƽһת´򹤡˵Ǵ򹤣ͬȥ򹤵˵ŲǴ򹤣Ǳƽȥһҹܻᡣ
ƽЩǮڳ˷ӣ˵Ȣ˸ϱ㣬ֶá
Ҵˣ챻˼ұ㱻ҹܻ֪Ľһһĸ壬һʱð֢ȥˣˡ
׿Ҵ㣬Ľһ磬˵ƽһִٳɡ
ˣΣʲô
뵽ϱƽ磬ҳǰ£Խ룬ԽãɵӢӳ£ܻƽѲ˹ϵ
ǵúӢڰ˶꣬·صǰģΪ⣬Щ˼ҹϵеš
ؾô࣬˭ҲҪõģүҺҲΪһìܡìܣҳºͲ֮ˣǿҶеĵأ󣬶ָ塣
񻪽㣬ôˣӢ񻪣ʡ
񻪽Ŷ
˫С̵۾żʱȴ¶˲еɫ
ɫǻ˻ɵġ
ǰ̾˵񻪽òĺӡ
ǲĺӣͳͳ֪ͳͳǹԺӣŲȥ̽Сܡ
񻪻һЦûʲô£ӢӣסղŸ˵ĻԺҪƽȥ棬ȥ
ȥֻ񻪽档Ӣ֣صͷ
񻪱Сģˣôôɰء
ԭСӢСʱôϲǳ˳⣬ˣǲ
СӴ֣æŷֺ죬ճɺãŶ˲һܻķʮ־ë
ҿ۳ƽʱףȫһʣһ˿顣
⻹ģΪ졣
ľһľʮ綼û˸ϵϣľһȻġ
ʮ߰ǰǻȥμӼֹ̣ӵ裬ȴըʱըһȡ
ǼﶥˣԺûͶ쵼һĥɴǣߴǮȥһľѧľҲҡϸɣһѧľһ£ȫѧˡ
ľͳʮõǸ
֪࣬бҵһֺ̡ʵؽˮվҪҪ骶ûϵͲסϱһȥǱߴӣҲһ벻ǡ
ǮͶ֣ƽʱ㵢˵ĻҲ㹤֣ΪǶԶй׵ġ
ǳͲԼĿԣҵʣµǮȽ϶ࡣ
˼ҾͲһˣһʮ˼ңֻʮ˻ǮʣµģոյƽΪͺӶ࣬Ƿ˶ʮ顣
ֺ֣СҲͿ֣һһȺСȫɢˣġ
ȥС־º־ԣ湻Լиãǣܻʯ̲Ӣ˵ȥĵط档
Ӣûǲ붯ȣһ죬־±
־Ѿ꣬Ӣȫ⡣
ĵطǺ̲µһƬ֣أкܶɳӣСϲϷ
־¸ձӢͱһƽײˡ
־£ӣҴˣ˵ҰִңǲǺйء
־²ŰӢӱϷƽͬ弸С˹
Ӣеƽ
Сᣬññ׵úܣϲ
һƽ߹ӢֺذסͷϵñӣñӣСһŲ㵽־
Сãôˣ־²õĶʡ
ӢںڵĴ۾Сññ
־ƽӵñӣһɣһվˡ
붯֣䲻˵Ļǽġ
־۾΢תɿȭͷתһĪؿƽ㰤ִ򣬹ʲô¡
ƽ˵ûأǰҿҰ˵һһߣʹҡ
ǰˡ־һ򣬵Ҳû˵ʲô
Ǽĸ٣ִֺļժˣú͵ӵˣⲻǺһҪûǴǽӺǰȥժİɡȥԼ𣿡
ժҼҵĶʲô¡ƽȭͷرˡ
־£ǲɶ£ҾͺģһֱԼá
ʢ٣Щ˼ﶼһţ˶ٳҹһֱҵ괺졣
Ķɷ䣬ڸˣÿҶúءΪ߸ٶ࣬չվרոٵģׯ󣬶ὫժȥչվǮǻƱֻҪ˽·Ͳܡ
٣ǼҼһ룬ÿҶ
ƽԼҸٸ˲٣ַֺ󣬻Ϊվһ
־ʱһֱڸԼӳأĻᣬȥһܺĵӸƽ֣ƽժġ
ǰ˵껰뿪ƽͱִһ١
ƫҴ˵ʱƽȥⲻƽͰѰˣ㵽־ϡ
ˣҲҪ־³ϣˡ
־ˣóñӣ˰
־£ǹģҰִҡƽָ־£ˡ
Сûֲɵ
־Ծǹָ״ִġ
־Źֵسƽҹ⣬ҹɶˣֲ㣬ϲ˵˵ϴΣѶ󲮼ҵС̹ˮˣһʣ˵СǶģ󲮵ҿǹġ
ɶҴ󲮼ҵĹƽģĶܲɣƽߡ
Ҳ־˵ġ
Ϊͬ־¸״һƾ
־µͷԣģۿġ
־»û꣬۾һת䵽һСϣĥӣϴǱݣҲǱƽߵġ
־˵꣬ŵˡ
ܲɣڶƽߡ
һȺԼ־˵ģ־¼仰ڧˡ
Сӣĸˮһɣһߣͺƽ˼ܡ
ɹ־£عرӢߡ
ߣñӣ³
һ־ԣȫ̶±״̬
ԡ
ǡûд
Ϊûѣ˵Ķʵƽͱ˼ҹ£Ҳˡ
ͬӰӢ۾ֱˡ
̵ľ裬ȫѧˡñ˼ҵļһãһһǺĵӺ˼˵
˴磬ҲǸ״ֱ״ˣܼ仰Լ
̺ʹ磬ǰЩԵĺ֥ԲһƷֵġװۣһҧȥȫǺڡ
ͳͳǿˣȫľͶˡ
ǸúÿĶ壬Щ


6 
ݡ
죬ӳԱ˵һ괺£ԱǾ͸Իؼˡũ˵Ľǹӵ³Тӣ־¹˻𣬸ûһŵܵû˼ңǼƽɼܵСȴֱ֮ҴšŶ䣬һ١
СĿӹǱߣʯ̲
صңϵͳӢ˸СʣСֳӣ·
Ƿ
˼ͳ
ͺʱ̫̣Դ֪ͳô
Сüͷ۽һɨԼ׾ƣʱԼˡ
߲һס
ܸɶ
ˣȺúóԷ˵ɡ
Ժ⣬ʯ̲ӻȥһݵܹűһݽԺӡ
һԺһ򣬱ԼСŮСԴ㣬ƵĿա
ɵɵģܹüͷ
ͷ߸СŮһۣȻݱ˳
ҵˣȦﻹһͷιӻɱ⼸죬ܹ𻹵ι
ȽŲ緹
Դʮ߰ǰ˺ܹһ˰ȫ£ѧ
ͷӣ˵ӢӵǺˣûãܹ𽫱¨£̨ǰ塣
ܲĶһ٣զͻȻôʣͷϵ˶ˣ绹˼ҹŮһȥˣĻûá
ܹϡüͷĺˣôˣ
ޣǺܺ𣿡еⲻϱ
ܹбһۣǰһޣѣЩԵֻҪǿ۵ľ֣򡭡Ǻܺãôоأ񰲾ͷˡ
˵ܹ۾һɣʲô֢˰ɣ
ڰɡܹôһ˵ҲãŮ˺󣬺Ǳðˡ
رǳԷʱǰеóԵģرף⼸졭ʳˣˣر
̫˵ʲôʲô
ܣúˣĲˡ˵ߣһԺŶṳ̂ȥ淢
仯е
˻뵽˿ӣϽŪԣ˴Ӣȥ飬ˤɵˡ
ӹУּĵӢߵſڣүĻ
үûɵӢĴ۾бҪһүү
ͳͳŲɵ
ȵԺˣԿֻȱ˸ΪݿںϽУء
СŮ۾һŰŸ߸ߵż뷭ӢʣʮǶ٣
ʮһӢ
壺һٵǰǶ١
ʮš
Ӣ죬֣ү治ɵ
һһŵģڳ׷¡
ܹ𣺡СӢôڷأ
˼񻪽˵Ҫ飬Ժ󵱸õˣ룬ԺҪʲôˡ
ȷʵ˼⡣
࣬͸£ˡͳͳʶǳ治֪һôġΪֻǷݵϵͳһûʽͱˡ
ܹ壺
˼ʲôţ
Ǻǣ궼Сƨ˼ˡ
ӶһЦ壺úóԷĵ˾ͳɡ
ӢһúóԷø߸׳׳
ܹСѾͷСģЦȥأԷ
á
ӢԹԵͷСӣߵȥ־¡
־ֵܵķһۣдҵӢգգۣûǣԼܳԺӣȥʯ̲бϵĵؼҳԷ
ժĽӣϼ׼һӽȥչվۡ
ʯ̲ߣһ˼ң˼ҳǮҺڵģļҵӣǴУԺ󣬶쿿б±ߵĵˡ
ӢС֣СƵģȥԷûߵضͼǰԺӵԺǽ⣬ͷԵذ˸ˡ
˱ӢӲߣͷΪЩġһɫ£ֵֻڷһ˸ߵԺǽϣʱʱһԴԺơ
һżʮ˼ңӢӴûţԹ˶ٶ죬Ժ˺žͲĴ
Ҫͷ
ûһеģȻͷ
ˣӢСһ٣ʶ;˿ǸС͵
ȻӢɻͷǰԺǽһˣͷǽ˷ҡ
ӢԺӣ۾һɣСȾܡ
Ǹˡ
ǰˣ
̵ϱǰ˸ӣһ龫ӵϱȣϱӺ󣬻ʣһЩ֪ˣ̫̫һ˹
̣̣ڼ𣿡
һܵԺ⣬ӢҽȥվԺǰɤӳԺ
ҵԺǹŵģӢ˵ͬʱС۾͸ŷ죬ͼղŰڷԺľˣŸ׼ǽȥ
û뵽ͻȻң׼ǽˣңżǽ
Ӱֱ˸һηǽʱôŶûǽ
һ顣
ӢСһţ̵˼֡
һǷǽ˻УʱӤĿ
ΪԽķϵͳӢóľǷСӵĿСѾͷͫһףԺӵˣǸ͵Сġ
ӢԴе崻Լײϴˡ
죬ǽ˼ң͵Ǯ͵͵С̡
ͳͳϴ󻵵ˡ
Ӣһף۾һɣɤţֳԺ󺰡
̣ڼҹԱˡ
Уһ⻵С͵ߡ
еӢźûһޣȴˡ
Աʲôأ޲ޣ̫ȥ衭
̫̫߶ź޵ĻСţΡΡشӳ߳
˵һ룬һ뻹ͿǽǴǸڷԼԺǽˡ
̫̫ϣֲϹԺ˸ˣԼĿǴ˻ﴫģܿ
Ҵֶӣ㱧ҼҹԱʲô
̫۾һƺ뵽ĳֿܣɤŶȻߡ˫·Щȵȣرߵ߾˹ȥ
̫̫һڣͽг˵ա
Ȼʶˡ
ԺӢ۾ϣ̫̫Ҵֶӡʱ۵һ׹⡣
Ӣô֪
۾ûë׺ݣǿóġ
׹⣬ӢС
˲ġ


7 
۵׵׹⣬ӢŵòС
ӹµµתٷǰ¡
ҲˣϵͳȻתٶȣоƬ¶Ҫջˡ
ֻзһڼңǰǺܲ
һˣһµӤټ겻ߵżģ⻵Ҫһݣһ
˻ÿֲ
Уͳͳ¡
ԣһ㶼£侲侲
û侲ģӢԼŪ
ֻ֪û֪⸽ˣǴˡ
Ӣʶ죺̣пҶӣȥװӡ
ķ̫ڲٶˡ
пп𣬺üأǴòȥԼá
̫СӢӵĻһ˿УתͷæԺӢһ
ŶöԼá
ӢӦһװģܵҷӺ棬бϾͺ
壬塭ɵѳ̵ʹˣǴбҵ
ȣˡ
ժӵʮӦһ
һҲԶֹӢˣ̫Ҳ
Ǻļɵ
Сɰ
ԥ룬ûһǰѻС˷̡
̱Լһ
Ҳ֪׿ʲô
ͷ˼ֵɫ˵ľ룺ˣҴֶôȥüңˡ
˴֣ⲻǿڿ𣬸պþңͽֱˮȡ
̫ЦЦɫˮţȰɣֺ죬ùÿ϶˺óԵģҾͲˡ
ڨڨһЦתһԺˮһˮ˼ڣ̫˵һ䣬ͳ˷ҡ
ΣǴԺߵģûٷǽ
뿪̫ɤŵǿȥ̬䲻˸
һߣӢ񣬾Ͷ˷µĲ
֧Ŷ䣬ԺĶ֣һֱӲѷ϶ԶŶżӲݣæ˳
̡̣
Ժֹ
ӢվԺ⣬Ժķ̫󺰡
Ӣôˣأ岻ÿ𣿡̫æӢš
ղҪСӢͻȻӣСҪĵ
ûϵῴ¡
˵ˮȣԺŹţôģ
ȥǰǰѹԱ˯ȥġˮȣȴûţӵķ䣬ѹԱ˳
˲ڣǵĶСº֣϶ôߡ
УȶӻˣһҪȥӣֶ·ˡ
ãûҪӣ̣ղǸǴԺǽģ׷ſڣͿŹԱ뷭ǽߡӢ̧СԴֻţѸղſ£˷̫
СӢ飬ǹ˵Ҫӵġ̫һ㣬档
СѾͷǡ
͵ԱȴûðȻҴǰ̧˳ʱɵϹͷ϶Ҫꡣ
˿佱Ӣе㲻˼
Ŵ۾ʣ̣͵ԱҪҪ˰ץ
ղǸ˻úܣˣһȥ͵Сô죿
ץ϶Ҫץ
̫Ӣͷ˵һ룬ۺȻһСӢӣ̺үڼ𡣡
У²ܵӡӻٽ
͵Сײû֣һְע˱˼ͷϣһС
뵽ֿܣ̫ȲȥˡСһӢӢӣߣȥһҡ
ӢŶһСһŷ̫Լȥֻ﹣ľ룬һһߵÿ죬һ͵ˡ
ô죬Ҫȥİ
ûԺӣɨԺӵǮϱ
̫Сţִ·һ򲻿죬Ǯϱ޵ʮ꣬ͷһؼС̫̫ô죬̲ס棬һ
ǮϱղпȥǱ𣿡̫Ǯϱʡ
Ǯϱɻ󣺡ģ˭
幵ǱҲģǮϱŪ̫ʵ˭
̫ţԾ˼֣Ҷӵǿûдǰ
ɩӣզˣ
ң̫ܹӳ߳ڳűߣʷ̫
զãǺĸεĳҲע⣬ǽҼԺӣ͵ҼҹԱҪӢײˣңҼҹԱͱ͵ˡ
ɶ͵Сӣ̫һ䣬ܹǮϱʱˡ
ţۿġ˷ǽ͵ԱԱſˣȻ̾ʹӳˡ
ޣ̫˸ʵʵӢ̫̫߳СһαֻţٽԼ£һ顣
죬ǿ͵ˣǮϱ𾪵Ļز
̫££ƭʲôСﶼﱧԺˣ͵СǸʲô
ǧ˰壬ܵ͵Сû𣬷ɩǿأȥˣ
͵С壬Źȣ˳
ܹ۾һɣյôڳһšӢ̧־Сƨϣкơ
㵨ôôأ£զǰգʲôûǡ
ܹµòС
Ůײǿ͵ӣһǿĶһŤĲӻǰҲһߣʱ˭ȥ
ܹ⻰һɰѷ̫εòС
ʵҲܹôСӡ
ԼĺԼۣʱܹ붼֪жΣա
ԺԺϵϣٵ٣ǿҪ֣ǾǱǿŪڷң˶֪
˵󺰣Ǹȥȡǿ׳һⵣɩСŮ֨һ¡
̫ΣҲû˵ʲôʱҲģȻҲ˳ӢĻӢȥˡ
кˣҺ˶塣ƨɰ˰ƣӢеί
ܹҲ˳ִһ£Ӣίָæı˼¡
죬죬ǿȥǱˣӦûûӡŵòǮϱһԼĴ⣬һǿԼ򶨣æ
ǰˮиӰƵģʯ̲Ӱӣ˹Ǳߡ
̫Զûϵó̫һǿɲˡ
ũʮٶմ״ʣ㲻ʶҲ죬ǿȻǶӵˣҲİΪƽ̵ֶӣСʱס£ԣڷʱ̫Żһ۾ϳ
㻹ɶϽȥǱ֪ͨ˰ܹӢǮϱ
ᣬܵ죬⺰Ѳɻͷӹȥ
ţţȥ̼һ
ܽ͵ӣǮϱСӣһӣҰæŵ㣬Ⱦ幵ܡ
岻ģŹȣ˹ȥ
ܹͷ̫ҲȥǱߵҺǮҵСӽϣһ˺ƺƵȥ˹
磬ɻ˶˹׼ؼҳԷܹͷ̫˻ûߵֶ͵ӵ£ʹӡ
͵£˭˶̡
⼸Ǵժͽչվʱ䣬ЩŵӻؼҵĴϢװӵԭһ飬ⵣ׺ݺݵҳȥ


8 
ӣǿҰɣǹӹ
ǿӵֶӣʶ;ãǿ϶ңԣһңҪˡ
ӱеգϳӡ
еԽԽ飬еˣԽԽףߣССģƤڣȧͻžͲڡ
һûּңһˣӼȫһԺ
˵ʱڴŮ
϶СĹŮƽļ͵ˡ
˲ŵһӣƽֱӵӣеõģС׼ƽˣʣµǲܳԡ˭ҪǸûͬ⣬ͶƽĶ׼һ졣
ϱǰƵģŮҲû֨
·Ů͸ñŴƵġ
Ů£岻ʲôܣŮҲֲ֡û˼Ϸűⵣ嵽ҵˣɷԺе
ǿ˵ӣʶͷȥ
Ｘˣﶼ˱ⵣۿʲôת
صĺܺã˶ûע⵽
ǿǿڶӣҪȥҾУűⵣɶʵ
ûңԺ⣬ǿˣԴԺɨ
ӣûݵʱԵ޹ʣʲô
ӣ㿪ţǽȥǿǹյģĸͿ˶ȥ͵Сۿ۹ˣң˭ң
ǮϱܵˣǵԺǰҿš
һǮϱ³ڵĻȻθߣǮϱҳԣ˵ҿʺӣɲɡ
Ǯϱʲôۣе÷Ű͵ӣ˼ҷײˣһۿ˹ӡ
ӳ˳ǣ˭أҪײˣô׽ˡ
ңϴ϶Ҳˡ
һԺΧ۹ôˣһæô¡
˵Լұ͵Сײˣϴ϶ˣæͣǿ治Ǽҡ
ִṦ򣬸˶ˣΪӵĶӳҲҡ
Ұ˿ˮ̣óӶӳϣǿûǼңҹ֪ţһҡ
ӵĶӳ˿ʮ꣬ãˣе
˵嵱ϵȣΪȡٺô
嵱ȱը󣬱ֵôȻûȥֹʤӺ͹㣬ǾÿǷȵһ϶ӳжκֱӾ統Ӷӳ
ţҶһ塣
ѾãӼҲˣҲٹź˳˼鲻ԸŴ򿪡
ץǿˣһȦףȦҹȴɶûҵ
Ժ⣬ܹͷ̫ҲżСˡ
̫̤ңӣҵģҵ·ˣֶӴ췭ҼΧǽ͵ҼҹԱɶ
ĵһͻԾ˼ֶ֣ôܻ͵С϶ۻ軨ˡ
Ҹԩ޳ĳզôҿӡԽ˵Խݵ۾ŷ̫һ̫ܻҪ̫ɼܵơ
ֶӿɲֹһǮϱˣСӢҲˣ£ôƱ綼ûá
۽£ҵСӢӲŶ󰡣ܿʲôǮϱǺǣǮϱĻҲţǱߣ˭֪Һ첻ϰ
Ǯϱ˵͵СҼұǿ㰲ʲôġޣԩҵģ˺㡣
Ӽ仰ѷҡǮҡңȫںˡ
ǣǮϱ۾һɣǶϹϵӡ
ܹƤЦⲻЦӣҼӢСҲˣĳЩ˵ǿ
ҿͺֶһǺĸεģϱǻʲô˺졣̫۾һɣתͷˡ
̫ӲúܣϱˣϱҲˣٲڷʱš
ҶϱϱҲܹģϱ޵ĺܣ̫һϱһߣӣͺŤһ
ϱĲֹ̫һˣͬϱϱԼһ󣬸æȥæ
ǷҺҵû
ǲ붯ڡ˶֣ʾͱˡ
ûϵͳԺŤһŵļŮˣˡ
ྐྵȻܡ
ץǿˣһȦ㬶顣
ò׼ǿûׯ
幵ͨ˴ǰӣҺͺ󷽶ܽǿң²Ǵһ·ˡ
ڴɻ֮ʣȺУͻȻ˺˵һ֣ǰԺиˣȥ˱ҡ
ܱ󣿡
񻪵СȻҳ֣ҲмĻ
񻪣ʲôʱ򿴵ģ˺һѽŮʡ
һܺµӣС˺ļϣǰְӽݵʱ򡣡
谡ҵĹԹŶܱҲҲи̵ġһŮ´ȣ˵һ䡣
ԣʱ
ɲǣܱҲиڳ̵ޣǿû͵ҵĺӣתͷȥ͵ܼҵİɡ
һ̸˶ŵˡ
һת߳ңߣкԱ죬ȥҿ
һߣ˺ڻ񻪣űܼҵˣظ
ʱ̫ңԶֻǵһҵı磬ǰѴҵ¸ˡ
ϱӣҲδ롢ܼҵĺӣڼﱻ͵ˡ
˭͵ģһֱǸա
뵽͵С˫۾¶ȫĺ⡣
е˷ӣ
ϱһ磬Щ˷Ӻġ
뵽ϱӣʹࡣ
ʵ˼Ůȥа£лվ񵽵ģֱ˼ҪȥΪ˺źɻЩ궼ûкӣҪӣ¹⺢ŮǶϲ
񻪵岻ʲôܣﶼ֪˼Ҳûǰҽ
ϱӣԼҲ֪ġ
ʱ˳󲡣ԼܻˣͰ¸ˡ
ʵĶΣ֮ô˷ӣǽŮ֮
ΪŮǱ˷ӹߵġ
ΪˣŮֱˣʵǣѰѰٶʮ꣬ûһŮҷ˷ӣ˷һͱˡ
ѰŮ·ϣұʺ󣬴ص޵̡
ѰŮ·ϣܶҲԭŻҵıô̡
񻪴ӹлعĿ⿴ܼǱߡ
һߣӢС۾¶ЩŹ֣񻪡
ӢǰǷϵͳ൱С˵ǶУз΢
ղ񻪳СѾͷͲ⡣
񻪽ܣЩŶ
ҪûǴĻ˲ӽǻ̶Ѿ˹ߣժ˵񻪽к񻪽㣬Ǻǰҡ
ܼڹӹǣޣ񻪽˼ңô˽ܼҵģ
ʵ񻪻ûܼнˣղŻô˵ǲ²⡣
ϱӣܼҺͷͬһ춪ĺӣⱲȻЩ룬˭֪ǿײƺ󣬻᲻ᵨģȥ͵ܼҵĺӡ


9 
񻪵ĵĳˡ
˸ɢܱϱĺ
ˣ汻͵ˡ
ɶ͵ˣ
յǿ͵Сӣ
ãȥӿס£϶йϵ
ﻹûߵܼңܼϱĿ
ܼǲȥˡ޶ˣǿ϶Ѿܼˡ
ӶӳλôãԴɲɵ
һңһܼңҶޣҲûж̣бǣֺӣҶһط׺Ķ
ǿѡڽ͵ӣĿȷָ͵϶˸Ϣ
壬ܸϢģӻ˭
ֻĳˣҪܹȥӿס
үģҾԻῴӡ
ũˣûɵġ
ܹȥң˲ôˡ
棬ӵ¡
ܹﱧӢҪȥЩ㣬ܣ˳ְӢһеģָָԱߵӣүͱͣѼļ޿㡣
˵ţһӣϼϱȥҡ
ܹүģ׵ܵȻѾүүʵϣʮ꣬ȴмǸˡ
һֵܣϴң϶壬ʮˣҲûȢϱ̫̫ȷ̫ͻѾʮͷңÿ¶Щ
ʹ󣬵չ˲ν˱ȥǰŸհ˱ؼң̫̫ŸӲˣ̫̫϶ӣҲҪסһ˵ƣڣټиɶģܺһɤӡ
Ӣϵү
ǰˣүʮһֻѬӹȥ
ѬӺܺóԣӢڣǵζ
Ӣү˱ƣүȥ̫̣
Ӣϲеı
ˣձϲˮ̣ϵζرѬˣӢүñˣ˯ҪԼһӣү̼һѡ

˼ֻţ־º־ҲȥԼңһߵģǮţ񻪡
½鼱ҵܹ𼸸Ů˺󣬸æߵ˵Σȥһ˶ӣǿ͵ӵ£Ǳߴӳ˵һ£ȥңȰҵ˿ס󣬴ˣȥɽңһҪǿǹľ
һܼСûˣæԼȥӣͬʱܱ˽ɽˡ
ʣµˣֿңǿӦûԶңҵˣȡҰ꣬Լ˼ˣһ·׷ȥ
͵СɲС£ڴﶼܼұ͵޸һˣжȽŲͺϹ񶼼˵ĶС
ӢȥңҵլӣȢϱͰլӣѼ̫̫Ӳֻļ䷿Żܳ¾ɣǼһЩ˲ٲ

լ˼˼ԼճʣСִ˼Ʒ಻õĽӸǳԣȻݣ̫̫ŵ㼸ӣܡ
̫ЩʹԺĺӿ˺üۣϳԼ
̫־°ղ泳֣Ƿɶˣ
̫ҵ͵ˡ־߹ȥ̫̫ϡ
̫̫һɶ͵ˣ˭͵ģץû
־£ûץˣ˵ֶ̫͵ġ
ңӵֶӣ̫һ㣬һĲ˳ʺҪⱨӦġ
̫һڣʣ˭ֵģ
ң̫ҷֵġ
Ӣ˦Сȣߵ̫ܵǰɫԼڷԺⷢǿ£˵̫̫
ϣҵĸСԹŶԺ£ɱ³һ˻ģҲŪˣ̲ÿ
СӢӣײƵ𾪡
û뵽ЧӦǳСӢ
ϱӿûײ£Һӱ͵ߣûһ
Ӣţ۾ס
Ӣ˵ڷҵʱǿ˴ģҪǣ̺Ҫ군
ˣв׵ġ
̫Ӣͷǵ۾︡ǣ£үǿ϶ܰץ
һԣ׼緹ź˼
ĸô꣬Ĭ㣬̫һͲµ˵ʲô
̫̾ӱȻ£˭֪أץ֪
־Կһʣ̫ү˵ɶ
̫үʣ͵ӵ˵ôôһû͵ֻڶҡ
̫ϲ
Ӣӷҳ󣬾꣬һֱﵽڣе̲סˡ
̫񻪣ӢȥĲϲ
á
һǣӢе˵ȥ
լûȦҲûéӣϲͰͰζأͰ鵽Ǳߡ
˲ٲ񣬶ÿȥɽŪġ
и͵̫̫ÿ궼Ҫľȡ̿װ̫̫ȡů
Ӣȥϲչչܣûƿ񷿵ţһϵͳһģͣ˽Ų
Ϊ˸ղƺ˲һСĿ
û쿪ͱʲôǿȥ
Ӣ۾ͻأС𾪵һſˡ
С
ѵүҲ񷿣
һӦϽסӢ죬ȻͼææԺȥ
̫չչ䣬˻Сʣզˣ
Ӣ޶ϵ֣С̫ܵߣŽţ峯̫̫̫ڲ


10 
̫С˿϶档
ӢԴں۾һֱ飬СøƵģֻ̫ۻȻ˵ʲô
ɶ
̫ӢĻϵƶöһ
ǵ۾ŵɢ⣬˫ȣǱӢĻŵúյվ
תͷۣƳ۲񷿣ֿ˿Ӣ񻪡
ҵĹԹŶ
ѾͷӦ죬ȻҪꡣ
̫ûϺͿ֮ŹȣΡΡŲȥ
Ϲ
֣֪
۾һģȻĲ˵̫ߡ
̫ӹæһѾסӡ
ץָֺ̫׾һָӡ
̫ѹסĵ׾֣ϡüͷסָһָָ񷿣һתƣָӢ񻪣ȻָԺⲻԶܼҡ
һƣ͵ؽ˽Ĳ˵
ʺһŰڵָָ
ĸ˼ʮ꣬춼̫һȻƣĵץ¡
е㼱Ų˵˱ȣȻָԺļСӡ
̫ۿҵ˼ҺǮҵĺӣ˶ȣѹŵģ־°ú̫ȥתתץû
־´̫үĶͲ˸š
־ԺǮţҪһЩˡСֻôҶֵֹģһⶼû
̫Ҫţߺһһرȥֵģ
־ذӢȻһ񻪣̫̫˾լ
һԺӣ̫̫ͲˣһϣһסҪܵ־ԺǮţС־˵־£죬ȥˣǸǿصүĲ
񻪣Ҫ㣬ղҺӢСĿСסˡ
̫ĳ涾С죬Ҳ°ѺŪˡ־£־ԣǿȥˡ
־һ̫ĻСӢӣȾȥˡ
ҲûæȥźɻǱߣϹҪ˶ʱ䡣
־ԺǮţҲӦˡ
СĴ򿪷ʽ͵С˸ղžͺһԺӲ㱻ſˡ
լС֧ߣ۾һܣ˿еĵӣȻͷȥܱ߰ϵıⵣȻأһһ˹ȥ
ŲᣬûŪκ˲ǰһֻȥҪѲ񷿵ƿ
ָո鵽ϣ뵽ʲôæ֣Ȼűⵣƹ񷿣һЩ˵ǽϡ
˵ǽиȱڣܿ񷿵ܴȱ񷿡
˺ȱڴ۾￴ܿ죬ű߼иӰӰǲأƳŲţֻڻ§ŵС
Ƴ֪ܵˡ
ܼҪȥ׼ҪУ֡
ż룬һȣǽȱڣ׼񷿡
񷿹߱Ͳһȥ񷿾Ͱ
ǿһ͵Ťͷͷһۡ
һۿȥպþײ۾ͫ𼱻Ʒĸɲϰžܡ
ܵʱϱС˳ָ˵Ͱ

һǽǿѾܽլԺɤӣܵط
е̫̫ŶЩЪ˹ˡ
ǽȰͰСӼҲ࣬žͼȥԺӡ
Ͱﲻܼ࣬ҲͰӱʪһ㣬û͵
û͵޵ҲáǿĺֺݣСˣһֱСˡ
ǿܳ񷿣Ժֱ뿪̧һȴԺſھˡ
ûſվ˭Ų·뷭Ժǽߡ

Ҳܳˣ⻵ӣذŵϣűⵣǿϴ
̫ԺӿڣưͶӺǿòУһһȥæ
ԱߣͬӢӵϼ˿ʯ۾תֿž׼ͷ
ΪԽķϵͳӢżǿľȻȲϵͳǻҲһܱȵġ
Ժڵ۾ȻһСצһףҲû룬ͽʯͶ˳ȥ
ͶĵطǿˣǾǽǴʯӡ
ʯһӣһǣ˿ϧլιáʯӺӲӢʯ飬ɲɣպôʯӵϣǡǸ㣬ʯһײϣ͵˷ɳȥ
ɳȥķ򣬸պþǿڵԺǽߡ
ɳȥʯ飬겻ӢͶȥ֪˶١

һʹʯ鳤۾Ƶģžһǿĺס
Ҳ֪ɳȥʯͷжǿĺףҳѪ
һԣӢһ̫۾ֱˡ
ǵۣԴһȵӢϲòС
ҷͷðˡ
ԹŶôСѾͷ
ӢߺУʯͷͲ̫
Դһᣬɵؿ̫̫զˣ
̫һ֣¶˸޳ݵЦûɶӢӣңңСĵ㣬ҵү
˵ţһ޶һ޶ǽ޶˼ʯͷӢ¡
ԺǿԴۣͷ
Ӧܿ죬һƳǿԴʯͷűⵣȥ
顪
һ죬ǿɱƵĺһ
ǿǸˣʹûд̻˺Ȼɴ಻ˣɷȥıⵣ
Ҳܣܲ
ˡ
ȫһⵣˡ
ǰ˵ҵˣȣĶˡ
ȣܲˣǿԴһ뷨ư͸ҶȣҪ֡
ʹɥʧǣȫ˲ϣ᲻ᱻĴץסˡ
ԺſڣӢŻүһţСͽһҧʣµʯ飬һ۾޷޵ؼűߵʯͷһһȫ˳ȥ
ǻģʯͷġ
ӢȻ׼ǿֲվң˵һʯͷҵñȽ׼漸ʯͷȫˡ
ҵǿĽţҵǿıûɶ˺
¹˺󲻴ǰһѡ
ȫ̵̫ǻϲ𾪡
׼ͷұɽӣ¶Ҳˡ
˻
Ӣӽɣ
׼ͷҿҪбµˡ
ԺĴ򶷻ڳҲ˺ˣǼȥҿӵŮˣǿүңʲôӰȫ˹
ŮһʹӳԺſŮߣӣðʵðʣӵӣһӿϣȥһ𣬰ǿ
ɱˣɱˣȺɱˡ
ǿձƷǱŮʰһٵӣһǱĳ˽
սͿѪǿ廨ڵϡһĴȣҪ
ɱˣҵӣĸˣӣ͵ˡ˵ĶֶӣҪɥȻȥܼҿޡպ̫һ޶һӴӵıϣŭ


11 
ɶˣ
ȷˣô»ȥӣȻһ٣˺
ͷŵؿ̫
̫⻰ŵģڳˡеز
ûˡ
겻Ūˡ
źɻȴмѣ۾ԺɨһȦܼ·Ÿ黨٣ȥæС
һᵽСѬ˵ζ
źɻҲӺζأᲦͷһƣͼСԴ۾һûС
ĵһæָС޵ıǰԡֱǳĺָϣǿ˳
Źһ£еãˣҪˡ
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Ϊɶô졣
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۾ؿŸкСкЩ˼޶ͷлл㣬̫˵ȷֻ˵ģ㻹ѻԴ˸

֪ΪɶԼˣӢѧûκѵ¶Ȼһһ䡣
ǮϱӢӿ飬ڷǻȿǿԺӵġ
ӢңϸܹǮϱԼŮֺǺһЦ
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һ㶼ܹӢ˵¡ӢһˣҳǮ˳˼
ˡ
ܴҰ˵ܵסԺ۲켸֪
źɻ꣺û¾ͺã籧ʱ򣬶Ϊ汻ˡ
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ʯ̲ྴ죬ž׷°ʣΧȥǿôˡ
ӢҲýںڵ۾һϣؿү
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ڹ֣Ʋ֪ҽС£ֻ˵ǿʱ˳һҺܼҡ
ǱѾȥС뿪ǰһ䣬Ǳûȷ𸴣˼ȴǣְ᲻ˡ


12 
ǿѾȥ˹֣ôǹֵ¡
Ҹ͸һϢôɢˣɢȥܱңˣȥһ˶ӡ
ǿ͵ӣץ˸ţ£ӳģȻҪΪԱͷңܱãסԺǿŪģҽҩʲôģҳ
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գ칫һη硣
ɢɽ
һ磬緹Ӣͱܹ˸С¨־ֵܴһȥɽݡ
¶ʮģɨգÿÿæܹûʱտӢԣɴӢֵϵȥ
죬ӢһʽŸɻ
Ӣ档
ŵŸС¨ߵ߸ڴ硢󡣱ߣ۾ߴ¹ߡ
ȻЩУһõ֣ǰΪϵͳ̻Ǻܺġ
ǵһ۵Ķ档
ϵĵȱڣģ⣬Ӣе㻳ɣ⵶ܸܲݡ
־º־ԶһƬϤ˼ţʯ̲Ӻʮӣһµϡ
ĩ棬ϵĶ첢żԵʣϻȷ˲ƵС۲ݡ˵ض־־԰ѱ¨һ飬ӣظ˻
СãͱˣҺõݣ¨ͳɡ־¶ڵϣרϵ
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ΪǼ⣬ͳͳƴˡ
Ӣ۾һֵܣѧôõ
СҲһƶղסĿЩ֣Ӣôң̸ǰѶ۵ԷһСצצü졣
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ЩȺȻݣ˵ЦΨռһţԳһ硣СҲȫգ˭Ҳȥ˵
Ӣеֵֹģںڵ۾ʱʱŮ顣
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Ӣӣզˣ
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ַ־ԣһð̰˳æͷԣҵ̵ġ

Ӣǰһ仰˵ãգ۾ͱԵĶ磬ˡ
תҲ̫˰ɡ
Сֹ˼䣬ͱݣ뿪ɽ¡
Ӣ¨С־ֻ¨˼ݣɣ־º־ֵܣݵǵĸɣȥʱࡣ
Ӣڸ棬Ҳ֪զģܾãֻ۾ڶ
ָоӢܲ··ҪɽʱأԽǿҡ
ӢСüͷ尡壬ûססŲɽϿһۡ
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־²ͷбһۣѾͷڿӢüͷȻȥ
ӢԹԵͷ
λеˣͳͳϲ


13 
̫ƫûصңܹڴɨ
ĩɨգⶼôɨɾӭꡣȽŲʹȫܹһˣֻܹܰ֡
Ժ˹ư裬μҾߣ·һҵĶڸ˳½ŵĵطûСǮҲһǱҸֲ¹񶼸ᵽԺǮϱһɨˢæýŲմء
Ǯ˸˷ڼ񷿶ϵߡ
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˰ɣƨĵ죬ﶼû㡣


14 
ӢŶ̺ͱü䣬Ǻ˼
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Ӣ⣬Ҳ۾ѣûʱԼܸɵһ⣬Ӻ󣬰عϷӼ⣬˶ӡ
緹Сİ̫ͻعǱߣȻԺһܹͰӱȥ˺̲־¾ͺϵܵãϱ¨ȥɽ
־º־Ȼ˫̥ϴũ壬ֻҪϴǾ͵ü縺ϴΣֻ־ȳӣҲܲϴ
־Ի¶״̬־ȴѾֵ֪ˡ
ɽȥţݺͶﻻ֡
ţݵĻһ㶼Сһ֣ȴҪʱС죬С칦򣬻ġ
ϸݵǸɽ£Σ־»طϵС֡
ܿ࣬ԣţȴϲҪ˵ţԵģе˿ݡ
˿ݺܷһСľͻỮƤݵʱ־ûӢ֣һЩ˿ݵĸȥϴɾӢԡ
ӢһװֵĲݾȻľ
ⶫϵá
УһӢϲֲݸֲݸģͺڳǡ
ĶӢϲ
˼˿ݣӢе㷺˸Ƿ۾ʱر㿴ˡ
ܳѾ
һ֣û뵽Ӣ֣һţݵһ£ֲֻص
ӢѾһݸĶһ٣Ŵ۾ؿԷ
ԷԷҲڿ
ѾƵϣ˼
ؿӢ˫һμԺ࣬ɲͨС۾ɻ̽һ˿ĮȻܸӣĪӢġ
ӢЩͷƤ飬СţҪһ
˭֪ûȥѾջߣȻһתܽ
ܿͬʱ֣ҲתǰӢûʲôٶȴ֪ڲض
ȻûӢȴϣһָĸֵĺӡ
Ҳ֪ǲۻӢãǲϸ첲ϵĺӣƺŤ
Ӣգգۣںڴ۾ϸѾ
Ƭ̺ȷԼûۻǸཻӣڶ
Ӣ㤡
ᶯӣɫôôеĺߡ
Ѿץߣ
磬硭
Ӣһ飬е˿ݸһأæվСˣ־ֵȥ
Ǳŵ˵ɤ͸˲
ԲԾݵֵֵܾͷһ̧æӢ
һչҲƳеѾıӰ
Ӣ˵־ȱߣһѾĿܣ̧𾪿ֵС磬Ѿ㣬׽׽һߡ
ɶߣѾ
һ־Ҳŵˡ
ֳƳ΢ϵΪߣҲһߣũޣûʶߵġ
־ԴȵӢԸоڴ
Ӣ
粻ɿ
ûڶõοӢСһ񣬻ȱСצһץס־µĿȣ磬ҸղſѾ㣬첲ϲһߡ
£ӢǲۻˣǶ죬ߡ־Ӣļ磬
߶ߵļڣѬ߶ˮȻǲġѾС˵߶ץߣߴץ
Сÿ϶ǿˡ
Ǵ磬ȶɿˣһ仰ͰסӢ
Ӣ㣬գգۣŶǶ졭ѵҿˣ
־һЦ϶ǿˣ߶˯ˣѾץõ
ˣһΪߡӢ˿СƵģһѶͷ


15 
龪һ־°ӣݡ
һͷţţԵĲݶ࣬һóԺüݡǳԵԽ࣬СĹ־Խ࣬й־¸ɾʮ㣬˰ʱֵܵı¨ð˺ôһ⡣
Ҫ֣͵㣬Ȼ۹֡һΣֵ潫̵ˣŽ¨Ĳݱ
Ӣ˵Ǹɻʵһ͵ġ
ǸֻƨɴһС¨ѲݾɶáС¨ľؿǰ磬︴ӵòС
˻
磬绹ôСʹôľԺ󣬲᳤߰ɡ
ݿСʱѹȹȣǻӰġ
Ǻÿడ
˼˵ӢһʼʾʵҲļࡣ
ԣԵòá
͸˵ˡ
ȫ˵·ϣûһǴ˲ġ
ݼأũֿӣõʮŻкתΨһܸıӵģǹЩȥ򹤣Ƕ߳ũ塣
Ӣеˡ
顭ǵڶ飬ҪƾŶ߳ũ壬ҲǺö
̫СˣҪ㣬ͺˡ
Ӣпżһݵ־£ţҲ֪ʲôͣ˽Ų
϶Ұѱ¨ȥ־۾ǰһظ񣬶־Ե
־Բԣһ־µĻ־µı¨ֵܺһݸ鵽˵ϡ
СԶ㡣˱¨־»־Եı¨ҲŵϣȻӢԶ
磬զˣӢ̧СɻؿŴ硣
СãղſûۻѾ׽ߡ־³ŷظһѬĵط
ѬǵضǷؽŴһž߶־»һ£ӵϼӣСؿ˹ȥ
߶һᣬӾͱ˶
ԶӢ־ԹԴŵضǴ磬¶ͻȻߣ־¸ҧˡ
һᣬҲ־°ľһߡ
ⶴûߣѬ
־ԣ϶ѾӺô󡣡
˻
׽ߣÿοߣȾͶˣѾѬ׽ߡ
Ѿ׽߸ӢԺ⣬ҲûҪðôķ׽߰ɡ
־£ǵ£¹ˣȻؼҡ
Ѿ׽ߣûɶϵһ¾ͱţݣţȥȼǹֵԴ°ѹָϣ׼ؼˡ
ڿҪʱӢ񻪡
Ӣϲ񻪣һˣͿĵĺһ񻪽㣬ڸɶ
һЦо˿ɰˡ
żȲݣԺǰͷ֪ڱʲôӢæ̧ͷڴЬ
ЬӢ㶣Сϸŵ
񻪽Ь
Ӣ˦С¨ߵܵߣںڵĴ۾ϡؿϰƷĲЬ
һЦӢ棬˳˵Ҫѧҽ㣬һ˫ЬǮѧˣһЬȥҪǴĽʵһ˫߷֡
ЬũƷȵȥҴļǲЬͷȻͶѣڹǽǣֹȴᳫġ
ЬûɶɱһѵݾɡЬѵǱ֯Ҫһ˫ʵʹЬûǵջ
еǮȥҽԺһ塣Ϊٹ꣬ͻͻ̱ࡣȻ´ˣжȴޣûܻ顣
̱Ѫܵ⣬ȥһ£ûأϽҽΡ
кܶͺ̫Сʲôȥֹֻ
ǰһ˫ЬѲЬÿһĳۣͨͨ죬ʮ˫ҵţⲻʱ㿪ʼ˲Ь
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ʱԺſڲĲЬô˫ﶼˣЬˣҲֻпһ䣬˵ɣûķ롣
ǮӢ۾ˣСϵԡ
ۣС
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ѧӢСԴ͵㡣
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񻪣ôɶͳɡ
ղҲ˳һ˵ûȤСѾͷͻСܲס˵ȫɡ
Ȼȥˣ㡣Ӣܸˣı׷־ֵܡ
ó˹ӣ߽̲֣үŹȣʯ̲ߡ
˺һ壬׷ȥ
ȥţˣôԴûǹְɣҪˣү˵үȥԭص˵ȼӣ׷ʵ
СӲȴˣţǴ뱳¨ͱüƹ֣ԴÿζᰴĲ㹤ָǣܶʱ򣬶ֻһ֡
¼ӳԿϰԵʡ
־ҡͷûһĸ֡
үȥˣӢܵߣԴʱŻؼҵүү
壺ȥһүҡ
ӢգգۣСԴһתʣүү첻ȥ𣬽ôû⳥ң
ϣСӢӻЩСŮʻе㷢֡
ӢͷһģҲв򻵵ġ
Щ£ɲùĵģߣؼˣٲȥֵúˡһЦû˵Щ
Ӣȥغһүү
岻ֱӢ־µı¨־£ûȥ
־һ˵߱¨ʯ̲ӵʯݡ̸һߣһĥйҵϢ
Ҵǰܱ󣬻д֧鼸һȥ˶ӡ
ӸɲǺ˵֪ԼӵĶԱȱ£ԥʹҼȥҡ
ҾѲˡ
һȥͷͺŵҪƴ˵ԩǿ캰ص˵ǿֻ忴Ϲöѣû͵С
ڶǱвݣЩͷĹҺʹ֧ǿӵĸɲкסǡ
ҪǺϹȥӵ֤ʵǿ͵С£ǽ»ز
ܱҵǰˣΪҸͲԸ⳥ڻúܣŹ͸˵ҪǮûУҪһ
ǲǮ
ϴͷںǿǿǹӣͷɶ
÷ŲС


16 

صңܹ־ֵ±¨ͺ͸ǮţһʯȥˣӢݲȤ˸Сʣ̨¿
Ͱ档
̫̫ĸǿܷʣСܹͣţ׷ֺˣʳҲˣʱﲻҲǳˡ
ˮҪܹ룬ֱÿСκͣٵϼδ׺Ͷ棬ָ״Ķͣ㽫﷭ڵ̽
ϵлһ裬Ͱصζͳˡ
Ӣϵ룬ﲻԡ
ͷ룬ͻأ̣һ롣
ˣȴֻ桭
ܹ𣺡û٣롣
Ӣգգۣ̣˭ûԣ
ܹ𣺡塣
Ŷأҽ춼û塣
ү˵ȥӣһûӰһֱɽûлǳɶ˰ɡ
ۼһʡµʳܹ͸ŵŭ
Ӣ
ˣˣˡ
˵֡˸ɻɼˣ㲻żҵ£ʮ췢ΣҲ֪æɶ
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ܹ˵治ǡǡã־º־ֵܣκʹлˡ
Ͱ򵥲ʧζӢų˺ôһ룬Լˡ
ũûɶ£ܹú͵ƣڳݶ˳ӢŸӣܵ£֧Ŷ䣬ү͸Ǯ϶ྡ
ĲǱģǽүڶӷ£ǮӶˣţûֵ˵Ǳߣ᲻Ϊǿ˱ץҡ
˸ŵԺǽһľĵ˰˵С˯࣬ӢǷ죬Ƥʹ˼ܡܹʰóӢСԴһһ㣬СʴƵģæ˵ˮӢϴϴţȻ
ıѣȥʱЩӢ䵽ܹڴϣůһ±ѡ
ֱӢ˯ˣֶź⣬æ¡
ӲڼңȽֲ㣬ȫţÿ춼첻𴲣һֱ˶˯ˣȴϴ
ʮʱˡ
Ӣ˯Ժˣجج䣬ֻʲôԩͷ˵ʲôԷû˼ڵ棬ȻôһĶȴҵżû
úףȴƺ«Ƶģһû֨
ֻ˵ʲô˴ʱڼлһ䣬˵ǻʱ
ӢһûϢ˯ͷ̵Ľë˼£˯ȥˡ
ա
죬ҹһꡣ
һ꣬¾ͶȻ˼ȣۿžҪ˪ӵ˲òժʱһ磬ܹӢ͵̫æ죬־ֵܣȥ˵嶼Źȣȥæˡ
Ŀøժһ죬ҲֻժãĹûͣˣܹѽȫժˡȻȵ˪ˮֺͿڸоͻʱժȥչվҪѹˡ
ӢȥңԹɵİ̫ι˼ֺ̫̫ûӪ˵һŻȥ˼ҡ
ԼˣҪȥѧЬ
˼Һͬڹúܽмֻ廧˼ңӢ˼ʱ˼ҵĴҲţֻһǺܺõ˼̣ڼ񻪴
˼Щ⣬ʹ˶ͬ
սǸӹġ˵񻪵үүļʱ򣬱ץ׳һȥûǻ˺Ķ
˺˸ʻϵһǼСӵź󣬵ҷųܶˣ󱻰ŵ壬޸һ˵Ϲ
Ϲڶʮǰˣûٸļޣ˺ӡ
˺ʵˣɶû֪ˡ
Ĺպ˺ǳ壬ûųΪҲǳϹ𣬷ڶȥ㡣
רϸϣҿˣһˣòδӣȢϱ˺һҽжⱲӶкӡ̵۾ǻ޺ģм񻪣̱˺ӰѺҪ
¹ŮúԺϱܻи
˼Ǹº͵ˣ۾ЩãӢ߽󣬻ǿˡ
ֺǺǺһӢӢӣ氡
Ӣĳ˼ãСƨߣ񻪽ѧЬ
ӢҲѧЬǸ˼̺ǺһЦû˵ʲô
Ьż򵥣ȴǸӵúܡҪô򵥣ǴͶЬȥˡ
˴뱲ӣҲֻῴࡣ
񻪾ǴԼĥôЬ
Ӣѧ
˼̣ѧ񻪿ŵӢӣȥι
һ˳˼ȲݸӢЬһѧЬòġ
ӢӹС۾濴ôùȲݴ
ںϵͳСһѧˣȻ޼õĹȲݣʼִΪ⣬ú񻪶ڲϽ߸ȲˣϵĹȲݣȴиСβûдꡣ
ϸȻĲƷ࿴ȴرȣȥûһڹǣһܽʵ
񻪳ӢӣЩȡ
ûһ̾ͻˡ
۳еĹȲݿҪ꣬ͣĻĵؽӢôӹȲݡ
Сһ̣һѧģԺι˼̡
ڽ̵ʱ򣬻һӢʲôʱ
Ӣ˵Ҫʮܻ񻪽㣬ʮҼҪɱҼɡ
ðҲþûмˣҼǵܻù룬ѧ롣
ۣ񻪽㻹Ҫѧ롣ӢС𾪡
񻪽̫ܸˣЬ棬Ьھѧ롭
û£ѧţԺ˵ϡһЦ㲻˵⡣
ֻ˳һ̰ˣرǸ˽ˡ
Ҵ˷ӣ˷ӵͬͱ˺ͬҲ֪ûǣȺ˷ӶˡϾЩֻ꣬ߵý˷ģ϶̡ܲ
һ£Щ룬ĶԾ
Ӣ˵УӢͲˡ
СѾͷͷŹֵس˳񻪡
񻪽ܹעŶҡ񻪽ܣͳͳµһ㡣
˻
е֡
Сĳԭ򣬶ЩˡȴʱԱ߹䴦̫ĺӢӣӢӣ˼𣿡
̫ڡ̫̫еĻӢæӦһ
£̫ΡΡӰӹ䴦˹
ӣôˣ
̼̫Źȹ˦˦ϵļʳΧȹ֣æӭȥ
˼ҵģڼҰ̫ﲼ£˿˼ҵģûнߣ
ɻ󣺡ߣû򿪴ףʲôߡ
̫ɲǣҲ֪ɶӦղţҸһǽǮϱ˵ιʱ򣬿ߣԺ˳˸ȥһңѾͷϴ϶ӣƽСӣȫҧˡ


17 
̫˵Ż,ȣܳһְ׳̵ĸоӢľս
Ӣæϵĵ,ܹȥ
̫㡣ˣӢ۾ĵĶ̫
̫ӵ,СѾͷͷû£̫ء
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̫,ûҿֻͷȥˡ
˼̺ʣһҧˣĪѣ
̫һڣ,,Ҳҧˡҿ,϶ȱ¸̫,ⱨӦˡ
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ӣ,ҹȥ򡣡˼̰۾,Ǳ߳˳
Ҿ⼸Ҷе,˼۾ʹֻģģǱ߾˲ˣһӵģǰ͵ӵôԶңҲܲˣҧˣ֡
ȥɣȥɡ
̫ӻ֣ȥǲ̤ҵš
ӵֶ͵ܼСȴܽң˶óڴʲô⡣޷ǾƣŪҲֲˡ
Ķ㵽ң˼
ߣ¹µĺûйϵǨŭ˭ϴ϶ǿϱء
˼һ̧žͳš
Աߣ񻪺ӢҲͣϵĻ˫۾Ǳ͵
۵׺ɡ
ϱӣҿûбҧ£ڡ
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ңҵĺ߻һǺöĪҧ˵ߣѾ׽ȥġ
˻ץô߷ż
ܸоﲻԡ
ѾͷЬòǻ򣬱ʱʹЩ
С̫񻪴ĲЬ˿佱
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Ȼȥ˵ҵ¡
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̫С־϶ǴˣЬʱ򣬶ߣͲˡ
һԣ̴ӵӢ˳Լ̫һ£С̫Һ͸ѾɽѬ׽ߡ
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ӢС˵ͷţ׽ľǺߡ
Īҧ˵ߣѾ׽ģ̫ګګ
˵̫̫꣬ĬĬϡüͷɻ󣬳ӢӢӣ񻪽棬̫ȥ򡣡
̫ҺһȥӢ̫̫ҪȥңС۾һҲҪȥ
ͱȥˣ׼Ǳ߻ߡ̫ȵ˵ߣֹסӢתȥ
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һ÷Ҳȫûý֡
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ѾѾǶġһӶŮŮû֣ѾʮˣҶѾѾĽ
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Ѿ俴ʲôӢȴѾѾ䵽Ժĺʬϵġ
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Ӣ񻪵䣬С񻪽㣬Ѿˡ
£ӢӣԺԶ㣬ߣȻȥ
˵һ䣬ǣӢ֣Ĭȥ
Ӣֱеۡ
һۣȴ׵˼ǡ죬ʲôû˵ǣߡ
˼رңܾⱲЩˡ
ղѾе̫Ũңڵеġ
û´ѾͷһǶˡңѾ˼ƺܹ죬׽ҧԼˡ
ǺҰɣҲ֪ϱӣ׾ʲô
Ȼûʲôϵ£ƺ˼ˣԺٿĺá
ص˼ңٴζӢӢӣԺû±ȥңҲѾ
񻪽ġ
ӢСԴ͵㣬Ѿô֣Ų
ӢѾϷʲôֻ֪ȹĽ㣬Ầ׼û
񻪶꣬ʼЬ
Ѿǲûйϵʱע˫Ьͷȥ͸ĸ￪ˣҪЩ۱ǮȻ˵ְ֣ǵһзˡ
ӢѧЬͷһ죬ʹ˰Ȳݣͨ죬ʮָ΢΢
Ҳ͵סģʱ䣬ȥһ˲СƨŲûŲһ¡
ʱ̫˼ңӢӻ˾լ߳ԷΪܹժӣֱȥչվҲȥæͽӡȽŲģҲûܷɣŹȣ˴뱳¨һȥϡ
Ϲ˷ӢرóԣС뷹Է̫Ӣ˸С֣Լ̿ʼϴ롣
ӢſڣһһתͻȻʣ̫ҵ˭ŵ𣿡
ûţҿҲˡ̫Цһ̫࣬Ӧˡ
ҵй
ǰ÷ѾǺǣǱӦ
붼û룬Ǽһѣ˸ĳôġ
ҧǰɶġҪʹôڵʱʹģ
ҲǸӲġ
뵽̫ѿڵСӢӣԺҵļѾͷ棬رѾ˶Զ㡣
ѾеаԼҺӣٺһѵĺá
ǰ񻪽ҲұѾ档
̫һЦ˼ѾͷܴԺͺɡ
̫ϲС˼ҹŮԼСӢҲС촦һ𣬱׼
ҲӢͷͣ˳Լ
̫ˣԣ⼸ð
һһ˵һӢСȥ˼ҡ˺źɻǲڼңæżĻûСѾͷӢĴһȥ汻Ĺ
ʱ䣬ͽȥչվ˻ˣһܹæӢӢ񻪻ӻ֣Լ߸˺һؼˡ
Ǳߣһ죬û˵ҪȥҲ˵˵ûȥ
µ̫ӢСʼնûߣѾȥġ
¶ʮˣշ硣
ȥؽˮվ骻ˣ겻þͳţһȥ£һֱǰŻ
иϰףˣҪȥľãӣɢСӳԡⲻһҶʱ̲ϼ˼ҵСӣңҲ֡
µӢҲڼԼĸĸ
Ǹ˵һ죬ӢȴĶԡ
Ӣͫ𾪣˼ؿһȻߵƳǮϱ裬תȦȦµҲߡ
Уģģر˵ġ
ڡ
ǮɩĶԲ㣬ҶţճĻụ̂Ҷ־ֵܣ̺ӣҲż죬ôܷ۸ҼӢء
ѹģӢôСһԴˣô죿
֣˳ྰѹӵǮϱ붼û뵽Լſţӭģ骵һѱһᡣ
Ǯϱ
ϣһʱûϴϱզȱ۵ģһиӸѲء
Ѳôƹӣʹƫ
Ϊˣϱ׼޵øס
ǣɶңң骵ð㣬ޣѾţˡ
һδϱʹޣǮϱҲǣҲǣȵòС
޵ǸøǮϱܺἸ䣬ȥƫǰ޵Ҳ滨꣬ᣬ͸ࡣ
ô졭
Ǯϱͷʹ
ƫ骲᲻ץţﲻ
˵Ҳ֣ϱúܣͰˮͱ𣬵ȴǰץѲ
骳ⲻǴ򲻴ţ£۸ӢӾˣɶţͬһӢӻ˵ţǰţĺţզµ֡
ġ
ŵʱ򣬹Ůúõģȴ˸ͷ
⻻˭˭İ
СӣûУզӢأǮϱ˲ãûطһ͵һĵǮţ첲ϡ
ţƣе¡
Ÿ첲Ҫ޲޵ص裬ѾĴˣ֪ˣٲ۸Ӣӡ
һԣȻµϱǽ
֣ʵͽĸŮǰ˸أǳüͷһ֪жཹġ
骣Ӣû£أޡ
骲_Լˣû£˭˵ûˣӢͷûˣ˹ͷԴôӣԺ󣬻ô˰
ϱһ䣬ǻˣεóǮϱЦЦ
ڳҪ˵εģǮϱĪ
ҲˣҲˣ˳˼ϱһޣɶ
Īǣ޶ҡ
뵽ҪѪǮϱֻһͷǾǸϽܡ
ȻҪԩͷˡ
뵽Ǯϱһ죬һѾסǮţĶ䣺骣ɶɩǰû̺öţھͻȥ
˵ţҲ骻ػһҲͲ֪զģ骵֣ȻԼҶӣܻ˼ҡ
Ǯţ
뵽ңѹӵģûԵһγķӣֱʰһ١
Ǯϱˣ骻ĵؿޣ·ӢҪѾͷƵģǿնղס
ֵģһƣڨЦ׷˳ȥ˳ȥ󣬲ŮˣĬĬһѶͷ
ϱ̫ϲӣô˵棬զͿ޵óء
ʼն骱ڻӢѾµҲˡ
ͳͳ衭е֡
һԣĬܹ𣬼˶ˣһϱ骰ˣ˶ˡ
޵ղס骣һŵĻĽӻ
̧ͷԺۣأûСӹء
ܹ˸ۡ
㶼Ǯϱˣ˭ĹӰ
ҲãʡԼҼѹӡ
ջߣһĵȻˣѹɣŵʱٸɢȥ
裬Ӣ
ܸоﲻԡ
ѵһţһֻǡΪ˱סĹӣ
Ӣе㾪㤣۾͵骣赽ô¡
üۣ壬˵ʱỺһֽŮӶеϸü͸żӢĴŮ˶ͬ
Ӣգգۡ
ͳͳˣŲˡ
Һ⼸µĹǮš
Ӣڴ骣ҲڿӢ
һʹؿӢͷϵİ̺ۣʱ򣬻˳ְ⼸óݸܹ
سǱߵķվֻһС͵ˮվǷȥ԰סǮʡǱ߸ĹǮǶʮ˿Ǯһ£ΪǴӵģһֻʮǮµĹʣϽģǻʣ˼ʮ顣
Ǯʵܹûɶÿζ˼˼Ͻһ¡
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ȻǮһݳȥܹ˻ȥԼţʱȱǮ
ܹһƣ骸첲˳˻ȥ˹ţʲôˣǵø˵
ܹһƾͰǮװϱǺǣ֪
ϱһ˵ĺܣҪۣ廹ûȵù
Ҳ֪ϱֻ۾⣬ϴľͷġ
˵ϱܹ񶼾ú档
֪࣬бҵĻˡסڷƽׯǱߵ֪Ժģһ£ԼϴҾߣҾߴ֪꣬Ͳ֪ˣһ²ĳϱ
꣬½ŵϱû
һǸ粻ֲܿᣬӺҲģϱȢȢɶ
ϴҵĶΪֵԭ򣬴С£ʮ꣬һԼġҪȢô죬ֻűϡ
˭֪ϱţദһʱ淢֣ϱһˡ
۶ģܰһȫƽȥ
Ǿ仰զ˵ţЦص롭˵þˡ
ϱ۶Ƕ˵㣬ڲദֻҪˣ죬ǺܽġڲôǺǡղžʱ
骿ŹŮͷϵˣüͷᣬʣ裬Ӣͷϵˣû𣿡
ûɶ£˵˵ȥˮȻͷҪɱˡܹŶϱ˫ǵ۾Īе顣
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һɽһɽߣܹû˭ԴӶϱźĪеϱˡ
£ǡӣϱû취˵һ㣬ίίĺݻûųȥأԼˡ
ܹҲ֪Լɶزã᲻áΪŵġ


18 
ܹȥ˳,骿Ӣͷϵˣþһԣϱĵ,֣һѽӢϱ,ȥ󲮼ҿɱȥǹææ
˵,Ӣ,ԵĶӵĸо,󲽳ҡ
骿뿪˺Ͷ㵽ţǮҴĶţ,Ļʲôİ͸˵ǳЦתʼʰĶ
,۸Ů,һôܽ,ʮ,ֲӢͷϵ̡
аɣҲǸرġ
,е࣬ǼǷޣ骺־ĸ,Ҳùġ
ùĲֹһ
ǮţĿûȥ,ɱĹͷҲˡ
ͷɽӵɱ,ӵһɱ
ȥ˼ɱ˼ȻҪٷģһٷֽΧھӺһЩ岮ǶæҲ˳һͷɱҽʳãͰӷ´ˡ
ºһ˵ʮǰӢˣһġһʼںӢߣСһִȴ˴ļӣȻһȺӢͷСûվȣƵײԴ
ͷյңûԺأͿǮϱڴӡ
ӵɣӢˡ
ͷˡ
Ǽҳ㷹ΣСùͷתͷ˳Ժһƾһ˵׼ƨɾͳȥ
ôŮ骣û˷ӻᡣ
ԼҰְֱȥӵӢȫ֪һСùˡ
Թһûһغ˵Ż˵ͬʱ۾Լ°ְ֡
ְֺܽʵ߸׳׳ƤڣһŹźܺ񣬺˲࣬Ψһͬģǰְֲݣϸɸɾûгζеģ϶ٶеζ
˵ʱһֱЦ۾Цġ
Ůȥ˾լլʱ˿֯˼ʲôʱؼҵġ
ֻ˼£ȥʯ̲Ǳɱ
˵ͷ⣬Ȼӻ֣ȻȥԼϵмȥ˸˼ҡ
׻˵ֶǰվⱲ¶޶ũ壬ֹ˾͵ֶϡԣԼＸֶӶܺãңҼңֻҪ£ܵر죬ûѹ
⼸죬Ӣȥ˼ѧЬʹ󣬲󰮳ŵ̫Ҳȥ˼ˡⲻӢûԼһˣȥ˼ң˼ྡ
֪ͨ׼ȥҼңӢְ֣ȥ񻪽㡣
кóԵģô񻪽㡣ͺ񻪽˵ˣҪȥԼġ
ҺһȥӢ񻪣룬ǣӢҲȥ˼ҡ
˼ң˺źɻڣӺ˼䣬һȥ˺˼䣬Щ˼Ӧˡ
ũ壬Ҳлصġ
˱ˣʱȥ˼ɱʱûܹӣǹȥԷӶеΡ
Ҳ֪մ˹ŮĹ⡣
˼ˣȥһҼҡӢһ񻪣Ͱʳ¯İְָˣСβƵģЦĺ˵
ӢӣҰִӦңͰҴĲЬȥҪҪҵ·ϣӢһǰһʯ̲
ˣЬӢСüͷһеСΪˣҲŴ˫һóģȥ
ȥӢҲѧ˴Ь
ˣҲˣͲסСЬ񻪴˲١
Ȼģһһ۾ܿǼ˫ʻ
һЦû£ʹո˵ȥء
񻪴˼ЬѾʮ˫ˣȥһΣ飬Ȼټ
һ˫Ь֣ʮ˫Ҳ顣ٳɶ࣬ȵ꣬ӦܴٿǮͷ·ܲܶһ㡣
Ӣ룺Ǿһɡ
С˵Żصҡȶ̣ߵʱ˺йͷǶѾϵԺϣ׼Ҫɱˡ
񡭡
ɱִ£Ȼû֪ȥ
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˶࣬ӢԽ£ǰԼ˸ϵòˡ
˲࣬Ҳ١һ㣬ֵܡ
޵ĵԶȻҲڸʻĴӣɽ·ԶǸɽߣ߸Сʱ·ֻзڣλҵĹ̲Ż߶һٻҡӣ±˿ھͶˡ
ŮȫɼˣŮֱ𶼼޵˺Զɽ
ͷҶϲѹŮɽޡɽɽũ˵Уֻм޽˴ɽŲӡ
ӣΪĸΪŮǵõġ
ҼңϴΣӢĴòϱǶӵģܴ졣ӣĽ־ɣʮˣҪ̸ϱˡСĽ־ѧʮ꣬岻ã겡ļٳţ½Ӣɱû˵ǰˣˣڻû
϶гֳĹˣݹ˳ұģϱĳͬѧгһŮӽ־䣬ʮһ꣬Сӽ־գ־ֵһ󣬶Ůᣬʮꡣ
һҺٻش壬ֻгżٻǺǷų٣Ż
ӢɱһӶˡ
ŮæǰæˮϴˣԺ⣬Сһš
Ӣһͱ¸ˡ
СһﻹǵӢǸľͷߣӢһһߣǮţҲһѣر뿴Ӣľߡ
Сӣǳ𣬴ǳ¡
Ǯţͷ¶ǴǰԼҴ˳һ٣ת۾ǰĻͷӡ
ǲǳ𣬵ӢȴǸǳϵͳںڴ۾Скǲǡ
ǸС㣬Ӣ⣬ǻ밤ǲǡ
СѾͷûǮţͷ¸ߣһ壬˵ܻסˡ
Ǯţͷˡ
ӢСߣںڵĴ۾һص񻪽
һЦɶҲû˵תͷӢһ˳
һ񻪵Ŀ䵽æµϡ˲֪骣ĵ׸п֡
̡
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ʱѽʮӦǰȻȴۣΪ
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һЦлл̡
裬Ұǰ⡣ӢһǣŵȻɵҪ˸ɻ
˳һСǵһȥ
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ɩۼҲ㼸ǳˣв˵ĳûƤûܴ죬ӵ
ܴųզˣһԲϱˡ
ܴ졣
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һЦû˵⡣
ûнӵһȻһ磬ѡ˺޵ûܻسǡ
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֪سǰ
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ǳ֪࣬Ҳ֪͸ǣ᲻Ϊ֢еһӡ
骺ͳ̸ĻܴЩе㲻þ죬ͻȻ廰ϱǹ꣬ȥ𣿡
ȥˣǱߵĻѾˡЪ˺ͳ̸سܴ
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֪ģΪֶȢϱء
в˵Ķһ٣̨µܴ죺Ҿ߰Ӷ׼𣿡
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ʲô˵
ſڣ˼ܲײ˽ݵܹϱĻһ䡣
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浱ôռİοռıˡ
ޣֻܹ޶˼ҵģܴ޶ûͲܡ
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ܴ⻰üͷ壬²˵һʵģ裬Ǻʹɩߵĺܽ𣬰ѽҲã޽ôˣûȥɩ߶⣬⡭
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ܴҲ֪Ƥ񣬻Ǿӣܹϱһһ˵ôԣȻûǵĻ֮
Ц˵ⲻ鷳Ҫˣ㲻ٷ಻˼
ܹ𣺡
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ĸŮˣɣһ
ĬĬڽӢҲ
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ܹǺǣƤЦⲻЦصУԼȥҪ
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ǣȱۻզģ
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Ǻǣѵɩǰ˻ûء
ûֲҾߡܴƤ񣬷·û֮⣬
ܹ𣺡ҪҾߣðԼȥһ˼ҴҾߣһһ죬˵㣬һ塣
ҪҾߣ԰ͳɡŲǰһԣͰѼҾ߸룬ˣȥ顣
ܴһ㣺ô󣿡
ܹȻء
ͷľֵĺܣŴһҾߣǮһ嵽飬꣬ǱҲǿǵľǮȥѧľġ
⹤ǮǸʻƫƧɽǻǮиࡣ
ǣɶһͷҸ£ҪҪ򡣡һǮҪһһ죬ðٷܴˡ
ҲĺܣżҸӵȴҴûôġ
ܴɣ̲ɩֶӿãܰѶֶӵģһ־ѧ־ѧҲ
־ѧＸŮģʱ֨ˡ
һֱ벻ãһ˻ܴ죬ڳᵽС־ѧʱ˿˿仯
̧ͷŶ÷
Ŷ÷æͷ˵ˡ
ܶźϣܴ꣬Ҳת䡣
Ӣ񻪶֪ʲôӣ˲ͨСһ֪⡣
˶̲ס䣬ȥй־ѧļ䡣
ȻһȦӢ񻪣Ҳй־ѧϢ
Ӣļ־ѧø磬ٳڴһ굽ͷء񻪵ļ־ѧֻһģӰ˰꣬û˵־ѧκϢ
񻪾졣
һڴˣôͻȻ֮ϢûκѸء
⣬


19 
ЩŹ֡
ҼŮͻȻЪ,ܹҲ˵ϱһۣ㴹ͷĻ
Ŷ÷ؿһܴ,ʲôҲû˵ľЩˮһ,Ĭس˳ߺײһ³ܴ졣
ǰĻ,Ҳ֪ϱһ,ϵ,۾Ҳ˺죬һھĵӡ
ƲƲ,ȫû
ھΣھθ˭ء
ˣŶû˵ʲôһϱ˵Щ,ˡ
Ŷ÷ŽѪľȥʯ,,ʹɱչ,ӢǺ«ɶҩѰõŵ˰,迴ɱ뿪
պ˵ȥɱ񻪾ͱסˣ˵СӲܿɱ,ᾪꡣ
Ӣûߵõ,ֻܼһһ,ȵ溰ҪˮʱСӲűų뿪ʱܴ۾Ǻģľ˼֪뵽˺δ۾ضĻ𡭡
Ժ⣬ӢʯǱæµĴˣһȺֵС룬ûסģ񻪣񻪽㣬Ϊʲôһᵽ־ѧ磬Ǿ͹ֵֹġ
Ҳ֪ҲֵĽ
־ѧôˣ˰꣬ĪûϢô£ȴһֱûдɶ
ⲻ
ӢӲضϡ
廹Ҳ֪£
Ӣﴧ£۾һת䵽ʯ̲ϣտȥͱͷĲˡ
ɱϵѾֻͷɱĺϻһøСܲ嵽ϵ˿ڴȻ׼Ӵ
ġˡ
ӢȦˡ
ΪʲôҪͣ
ɶԭ
ͷٽﶼһţ˾æＸŮҲæˣܴѹһֳ˸鳣骰Ǹˡ
骺ܹôô
ķܷʢ⡢⡢ع⡢СһѪΡŹǼӰײܲһ
Ũζʣһۣ˴Ρ֮⣬ϻһЩزˣ߰˰ˣһ
˶࣬ʯ̲ˣ˸Ǯȫ⣬ңҲһ˲˺ӣͳ
ˣһС
СǵԹһٷ󣬾ɢˡ극ӢǮţһСҲ浽ľͷС
ûëʱҲˡҲ֪ǰȥĶе㲻Ծ̯ʱСİѼŪ˵ϣܹһ
극һСʱϱæʰΣ͸Ի˼ҡ
Ŷ÷ȥʱܹȥǰǼɱҲһ⣬˵ǸӢġ
˶ˣܹͿʼ۵ط
̫̫޳ȥĹŮҵϴ͸ׯӵĽ㡭
ȻҲûٳǼҵģⲻһ
ǰգֳ͡ȥģɶⰡ
ϴϱȻ̰ȥܹʹȥѡһ̫
һż⣬Ҷûմζأһˡ
۲Ϊܹ۵ذǿ⣬ضԱߵٿһۣ¶࿴һۣͻ̲ס
̣ʹҳˣԡ
ӢСצܺȣ۾ϵĵڣһĵذο̣һоͷ͵İء
һӢ֪զˡ
ԭĲ⣬Ƥ
ƤһͷˣӢûŪףΪɶҪ͡
ã̵š
Ҳ֪ǲǱĻοˣܹһЦڲôˣתŵһϸһ
Ƚݣûٷʵģ׼ȻϴׯĽ͹ȥ
Ұãɢɢ仧ʻģʣĽϵϴˣһ굽ͷҲûʲôԸǵģÿɱʱһ⡣
ܹܼСŮڼУǸѣڻܺڷԣСӺеЩ꣬սң޶ǸŴĽѣӱӵʻһ·ϣǴĽַġ
ļˣ뿪ϼҺɢˣʮȥѶûС
⣬ҵ̫̫óԵӣ㸣ںͷСӢӵĸɡԺӣǮϱˮǡĶԻֺǺǵĴȤһ
ܹ𽾰ǿɲǡ
ǮϱˮҲûݣվԼҳűߣѹæ֪ɣܼˡһܱͿѳͷҵĴŸˡ
ܹһɶţĪˣ
ܱŵģ붼֪϶ˡ
һߣǮϱӢһ֧⣬ɢĴ۾ݵһ
ס
ӢԽԽԼˣһǮϱҪ˵ԣ£ͲûСʣϹˡ
Ҷϵ骣С۾ڷĹŮﲻԡ
ͷ˵źǮϱۣĿת綢ǮϱĹŮԼ뿪⼸£ʲô
ǮϱһڣɲǲˣȥǱ߳ˣܼСˡ
զ£Ǯϱ⻰ܹĵĳһֲõĸо
Ӣ˻һȱԴɣ
ھլпʱСͷϣһǱ̫õµġҲ֪ǿã񻪽ڲĿЩжû֮ǰѾǿһˡ
ôʱ䣬ûǿѾˡȻһˣȴ˵
ѽҵĸԹԣСӢզ֪ģǮϱӢĻ˼ؿ
ӢСһƬ棺ұҧ죬˵İ
û˵ϹȻû׶ܱҽԺ󣬵ȷԴȱ¡
⻰Ǵ̵̸̫ġ
Դȱĺ֢ǼҪ𣬷ӦٶۣҪǳ֢״Ǳ֢״ֻһȱŻֵ֢״ǮһһէأӦǰߡ
ǮϱһĴȣɲǻˣŶȥ£۾ûɶɵģϱ޵۾ˣԺˡ
裬Һʱ䣬ﶼЩʲôǮϱ̸骣ľѡ
Żֻ֪ŮԴĻɶû˵̸Ƿʲô˵¡
ɻǮϱæ˵¼骾ˣþöûع
ܹһ꣬ǧģúõĺӣôɵˣǿ
ҪԼҺӣ϶Ҫƴ
ɲǡǮϱ̾˿пưɣұֻǸʼϱӣҽ˵Ժ󶼲Ǳһޣ£󲻻ưոݵģ϶ˡ
Ҳ˵ģ򲻹ҪԿӢСԴ͵㣬󣬰ԼĽܳʵ˵˳
ûүôȥңûֳǰѻѹȥٷˣˣҪҵһҡ
Ӣ˲Ŷ֪ܱҪԿǮϱһӢ۾ʱ˾ȡ
ҵĸԹŶ
СѾͷ·ݲɣ򣬾ܿЩˡҵĶţˣ滹ɶ
ⲻԱȲ֪һԱȣ϶ȥ
ӢӣôأզͲ㡣
ǮϱӢһߣҲڴӹŮײǿ͵ӵлع
һ񣬾͵һ½Ӣ§˫µ۾ڿһŮͷϵСñӺȥ
ˡ
ΪǵǮѹŮڼңŶðŮˣ͵ӵġ
꣬ꡭ
һǿ˴ģˣȥһعŮ
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ܹǮϱھӿʮˣȻ쳳£ĬȴǸܸܵġ˿üɫΪҪޣе
ܹԼûտСӢӣŻײ͵¡ǮϱʶûûԺݵĶţ;ģһٶӡе㲻á
е˸
Ǯϱɽ£ȻӣҪȥɽϸݻ֣ҪҪȥ
ס˰ɡ
ϱɶãе㽿ũ˲һ
ɫˣҪˡʮĴϱ滨꣬Ůģֺÿɶɶɶ
ˡûĻ˵ָо
һģͶסǶԶɡ
ҪҪҪҲţ㣬ϼ֡
ܹҲԼҶϱ飬˳ǮϱĻضĲ˵±һ¨ʹš
ӴϱҪ½ӣߣٲߣ׼Ҫһ
骰ҸţȥˣȻǵðսݣȻ̰͹ȥ뿪ǰܹ𻹲骽һ
骶һӢĵһƬ
Ӣ§еϢ骻ŤŤһ裬û£أү򻵵ˡ
Ӣ֪ڵʲô˽̣Ǽʻһģͳͳ⡣
Ӣӣ꣬Ҵȥ⹫骿οԼŮüɫȻɢ
Ӣû㷴Ӧ
ôͻȻ˵⹫ˣ
Ҳûȥ⹫ˣˣҿܲܳʱ䣬һȥһˡᵽǵ⹫͸ĳӢľϡ
ӢͷϵСññӢĵӢӣץǺ£㻹СԼץ˸ҪֻϣһƽƽϣȥǴ򵹻˵Ӣۡ
Ӣ۵׵һ¡
ͼȫһ裬ЩɻգգۣĵһͷţģԺϻˣҺˡ
˵գ۾Ͽһ£ȥ
ͳͳ裬еֵֹġ
õӢı֤˿ЦЦſӢһȥʰһ
˵ţߣӣ˻
ĸⶼӣȻҶȫϵϵҶߵϰߣϵˣȸͺãҶۣҵ̨Ѭͳɡ
඼ˣִȡ̯ĤҪͳļŵһߣȫװȻⵣһһݡ
Ӣһٶص⣬ôߣ˶еľ
С۾ŵض骵ıһ˫ȣһǲκıȴԷĳݺӢˡ
һٶ⣬СС裬˫ȾȻˣû仯
ⲻѧ
ǰп׳ˣʯͷ޳Ǳߵĵ̰ӣҲٽﻹѹ衭ղŷóĽİٽﶼ
˻
Уͷٹ۲۲죬ղſ϶ۻˡ
仨һ裬϶ûô
ԣһۻ
Ӣ۲裬ͺȴᡣ
¶ʮһֱ³ˣӢûеȫһ˸ɵģˮ࣬ȫûմ֣ˣɽݣֶȥӡ
ӢеԻ͵ģֲ֣ᶪΪɶҪȥӣ˵СӶ᲻һݣѹ
Ӣ±ƣ
С˭˵ģ
һٶŶСˡ
Ӣаְ۲һ£֡Сģְֻһ̺үΪûһĻүȳմ֡
ˣ޽ʮ꣬ô˶ΪСģ
ũ壬ϴǳԿǸ¼˲ƫģҲܲϴ
⻰˵ľˡ
ֵܣҲѾ꣬ʮ˵ϱˣһͽӹϵл˷ؼңʱȫżң춼ûġ
ϼӢҪȥЬڼϣںһ˹磬ǹﴩһ黨ӣųıӣݰףرÿ󣬻İ¸̡
ɶҲû˵ӷһĴϾͰѼǮһΪһ骡
ϱˣֹһСʱ˵ʲôӢûȴǴӳʼе㲻
³ˣͳҪϰˣǰȥԷֻһˣȴȫȥ˹
Ҳǽ죬Ӣڼλٳֵ־ѧø硣
־ѧĲûкȫŸӣǿݵϣӿɿ滹һʵޱ
ǳѧźݣûһ⣬ȧͻرᱧڻӢһοø;ƿݵĴ
־ѧܰȫһݣʼû˵ֻǳЦž档۲ϸӢһĽ
Ӣ룬ӦĽһɡ
Ȼ͸ȴӢЩ
Ӣ˵ʲôоǶ¶µġ֮⣬ܴλҲСഩ·ҷŴˣﻰⶼ͸һֺá
ûֺá
ⲻһԶӸе̬ȡ
־ѧ鵭ֻҪһߵЦͻʱסʱ͸һ־ǧ֮ĸо룬ֻܴһˡ
ӢүҴһ磬ԽԽôòһ⡣
⣬ӢһСѾͷȥѰ̽ģ棬ȴûжʣһûһ˵ż־ѧʱЦһЦ
ǳĴŮܰЦˣƺеϲͶιӢҼɱ磬ѾѬãǱߵãȥ˳˼Ӣԡ
ӢͶιúܿġ
ϲ
磬߿ʼˣҼҳԺͼŻܽһˡ
󲮣죬죬Ҽֵֵܴܺˣȥ򡣡ϵĲ˻ûסҸڵǮϱ;ʧɫ
ǮϱǮϱĴɩȻֵܣҲ࣬һסڹһסʯ̲Ǳߡ
ǮҺھӣԳһ£һֵľǮҡ
ɶˣŶ÷һʣզģ
Ǯϱӻ֪󣬾ͽԼҼֵܣ˵һʹˡ
ŲǱץôˣզȱء̫һ⣬ʡ
⣬˵̫֪ڳ˶֪ô벻ͨץȥֵˣܳ
ӳˣǿأǲҲܳ
ޣ˿Ѿȷ͵ģҪҲܳûˡ
ǮϱŶͷȵ˭֪أ󲮣ȥ˲Ҫʲô¡
ܱӳô£ûõһҽҩѲ˵ӻɵˣܱſأô᲻ˡҲϣҲϣɲʹ
߰ɣȥ򡣡һߵˮ̸ˣȾȥ
ֵס
Ժٴαܱ󼸸ֵã¡
ǰ׷ԼŮӣһݣһȦӺͻȧǶ˺ö࣬˿̱ˡ
󣬱嶯ǻվŸʲô죬
Ҹյ㿴ܱųͷһ޲óӵģȥ
ϴ϶ֵܣһ˱סһĳͷԺ롣
˵ˣôסģֵһǱ·˺˺üҼ״æһκֵܾͳȥסܱ
󲮣Ҷɵˣȴˡܱ۾ͨ죬
ҼܱʱƷס˿˿ˮ̣ϴ󣺡ô£ôˣ
ϴһѶͷĺ˿۾Ժ￴ֵתһȦӳҽӵǱߵ֪ͨȥ˵û֤ݿ֤ǹǿϢģ㲻ͬǿ͵ȷʵ˵ĻйϵԹؼ죬ͷ
û֤ݣҶ˶̶Ļң۾Ϭؿ̫
참ǽ֤ݣ֣û֤ݣܽƱġ
Һûһţǿ͵Ӻûϵܱ͸ˣԼСӱǿŪɵˣȻͷǿҪȴġ
ҪǿԼиСǿôϱѺӱߡ
û֤֣ܱۣͷӳ˹ȥ
û֤ݣӹû֤ݣ̫ţҶɵˣҲù
סס
Ҽ״æסܱ󣬿Ȱ󣬱嶯嶯ӶˣһͷȥǻҪʱҲûˡ
һдͶأҲҪչˣΪ롣
ܱŭͷ䣬Ҳ֪ôţͷʹ϶϶ͷӲ֣䵽Դϡ
һƫ϶ļʵʵһͷ
ҿܱӣæкסȻ˵˵Ӧȥɽӵ֧ʹӳһȥ磬ùΪ
Ҳʱվ̣Һһȥ硣
˵ֵܣ˱ҸáϾǱ߿ǷģȶϺϱĻûû֣һΪ֯Ǽҵ£˹쵼ĺøС
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ڣһοƷңҲˣȻ࣬׻ǺһƬأٹ绹ǵˡ
Ϲ磬Ǳ߿϶ӡ
ܱĳͷȥ
ܱҲû취ڶӣǱߺйϵ̫࣬ڶֵ֣ԿĿ϶ԣֻҡ
˵ӲʲôãΪԼַݹҽԺ죬һٶ飬ЩǮһʮ˽ġôǮҪ²Ż꣬ѾɵˣȲˣȴôҪҸ
ᣬˣֻҡ
ӲҪŻҲڣϾ£ȷʵϴֵûϵӻˣͲһˣֵܺûϵҲøǵﱳڹ


20 
忪,ܱ侲״ݺ˿
,ȥ󲮼Һһүһ£µôŪܱ³ͷ,һȳһȳǰҲܹԸԸ⣬קҼߡ
뿪ǰʹ˸
ֵܺĬ,ǰ뿪,Ҿͳϴ,ǿ£Ȼֵûϵ,ҲģֵҪǲƽ£ûеʾ
ҡ϶ƽ￩һ,۾ͻȻһ,ݺݵص
ƽΨһĶ,ָ,ϴûжӵ,ƽӣԼŮҲ󿿡
ƽ˵ۣͬʱҲǵߡ
⻰,ڸ,Ǽܱ,ܻƽ֡
赭дƳ϶ΪʲôҡӶˣֵܲΪɡ
϶ҧҪǾ͵ųǹӰɡ
ҳ˿̣ĿһתζƳżߵӣǹӣҲ֤ݡﲻû֤ݣűųܱҪģڵϹ£ʲô֤ݡ
ֵܿɺͱȲãˣǰͷǼȴֻƽһԼŰɡǶǵ
ܼҺҶģӳϣԱ͵ģѾǲҲû취ڣֻܾìܡ
ʲôԣһô꣬塣ǸǸǮǲܵġ
ֻв
ǸСвֵܡǲƽ£ػͷֻҪͷˣͺðˡ
ǰȥʹʲô㡣˵ʵ˵Ѿɵˣû취ı䣬ӵҽҩѣȴζҺ
Ҳ֪Ѵ
֮٣޷ǾҪȻˣǱҳǮɡ
Ҫ٣ϴҵ֮üͷгһʡ
һ̧ͷͷЩ·ˣҪܱҪԺƽ֣ƽĻ¡϶Ĳ𣬿ֻǮˡ
ҲǣΪʲôҪȥҵ£ɣ鷳ˡ
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ҽҩѾͻٶ࡭Ѱ˼ţ˵һ֡
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ϴ֣æӻ󲮣̫ˣҺ϶ҹղôǮ
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ٿһڳ˶һȫû뵽סԺ죬ôǮ
˽£ҽԺǮǼֵܺͱϱһճģǼͿ˲Ǯ̫ˣҽ˵οܻãʵǴղˣⲻֻʹԺ
ֵܱܣ֪׻˶ǮȻҴ󲮶Ϸ̨ӣⳡϷȻҪȥ
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ҿֵܣֻǴԼȥͱǻȥһˣӦûңǱ߳Ǯ࣬ȻͲ˶١
α漱ۣã»ܸɳɶˣɢ˰ɡҰѻ̴꣬ӣת뿪ҡ
ԺӲԶȫ̵ӢҲǣҡ
뿪ǰӢͷ۾ȦƳƳ
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ľһĮؿԺеһУ˫Щն۾ڿʱľԹޡ
Ӣٴαͫ׺ŵĵ΢æջߡ
Ӣɻ
Ѿô£ôˣ
ӢȴĿ͸ˣ죬ͷȥ񻪣֪֪ѾҪɶ
壬һĴڣ˭ҲմǣҪһӵģǳ£Ӱ쵽ûǣһߣ߰˰ɢˡ
صҼңĴڵĳһٷ磬Ӿʰ޺ã׼ˡҵߺִܱȥһɽӵ֧飬űųܱ󣬸֧˵һ¡
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ʱǱˣΣᶼûȥϣȫվԶԶģһϷӣϱӡ
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ϱ;ãⳡѣģҪǼĻⲻˡ˴Ӽ޽ţһֱӴѹڱˡ
ϴ϶һӻֵܣβˣ·û㣬һֱڷûһۣôŸմӹֻԼ
ӣϾͬʱһŤı顣
ΣӢûȥ֡
Īģòٿҡֵˣȫֲ⣬ڽѾãѾǱ϶Ӻϱġ
Ӣڶ˸ãȥҼҺ־ѧ˵˵
־ѧ治ôã紵ãȲã䲻ãӢȥʮа˴ڴϡ
֣ӢЩۣҲͲסСԱ⡣
Ӣĵ׸пϣ֣ܰԣֻҪݿ⣬δǼʵҽֶΣҽ
־ѧ˵˻ỰЩӢˣӻ֣ȥ档
Ҳ˵棬ȥһЬġ
һȥУ˫Ьһһë壬ӹǮʱӢĵһ˵ĸо
ȻǮٺ٣ٵֻӢǺܸˣΪƾԼ˫ġ
̤ʵ
һë壬ȴһԺȻԽǮָоˡÿ緹׼ʱܵ˼ұȻһЬ骺ܹûȫ֡
֪ӢЬǮˣ骻˸СǮš
־⵱е㲻þ
СöǮˣȴɶҲᡣ
־ԡ
һûɶ۵ģɶҲû룬ֺֻǺǵЦӢһԺ˴졣
ɵֵģӢһ
ӢûԼһë壬һëָ־ֵܣȥǦʣһС˵ģСצӣҪúö顣
Ļ骺ܹЦ
Ьǳ֮ƣʻôЬĲ٣ȥһм֮󣬾Ϳʼо˱Ǯӡ
Ӣ֪ɶÿ׼ʱڣѾһ˫ЬˣҲ˵ÿ춼һëǮ
һëһë߷֡ΪϸЬԽԽʵԽԽˣ۸ȻҲˡ
ʮһӿˡ
һǾͿʼæҲǿǰһ죬ܼҺ졢ҵⳡף˽
죬ܱȥһ˹磬ܱѴ˵һ¡
ܼ£ʵ˾ûκģǿѾץסҲ⳥ܼҡֻǰ̫æ鲻̫ʱ䴦£ټܱҲûͱԾʱȥ
ȴһ˿쵼ϰһ죬ͽӵʡ´ļҪطϲ˿ڷ¡
Ϊȥһ꣬ʡݾͳƳٰʮ˿ڰ⻹˱£ͳƣЩûģ֪ж١ôʡӣʡ﹫´ĵһļϲ˿ڹ
ǿײǹˣ籾֣д㣬Ϊˣֱӱйָˡ
ܱţ˰˼ܱȥңշвҸҧٿ飬ҲʱҲ֪ԭôǮٿ飬ܱǰѽǮˡ
УֵҲһ
ֲֵܱܵǮֵϣ˫Эǰܱ͸һף˵Ͼ˼ҿǮˣϾ˲ԸǾȥǴ硣
ǴеĿϰ࣬ǿ͵£ȥλ˵룬Ͼ˿϶ۡ
Ȼ̸ϣͷԾһҪǮûУҪһļơ˵ʲôǮһ˫ŮץԹһȺˡ
β̬ȣŪúҲǸܺߡ
ˣһãȻ̲˵ȻôȥǴӵ쵼˵
ͷһҪȥŪӣ۾ʱֶ⣬Ҫйһԣͷ֪Ҫɳʲô
еĳ̣ؿ
һˡ
ͷ̬ȣƷˣҧгͬ˸ǮֻӦٿ飬ΪҲ˵ˣӣҽԺ١
ֵܿͷصѾһֻʮǮȥܼҡܱûκѣǵĶ
ܱٶڸֵܣپ²ţᶯǵıƽ
ǻ˸ɸ꣬ײǰǰˣ˵
³ĲȥɽϴдΣȻ
죬Ӱɳɳҡҷ
ʯ̲ӵʯϣӢСֳСԴ˫۷ſգַ˴
¹ȥӢͷףͷǵ˰Ѿȫ³ͷŨܣɣĸƤĸСͷϵŲֱϳţӡ
һʰСѾͷԽɰˡ
۾ڣźӣƴС͸ЩӤʣŽ˭˶̲ס¡
Ӣ£۾ɢ˼ͳˡ
硢ȥѧˣҲеѧ
ΪֻѧѶϢԲ𲽿
ݿⱻԲϵͳԽģⱲҲдϢũ̫ѣͳͳһˣŲҪһֱֿӣ飬ǮԺ⡭
Ӣӣզɵţôȥ档
Ӣ䣬ڣŹȣﲻ֪ɶҧǱ࣬˹
񻪽ûգɽŪȥˡӢүۣػһ
˵ũɣ񻪽أҪɽˡ˼һ̵ˣ񻪽㻹ٲҪɻٴһ㣬Ҳɻ
ͳͳɻͳͳ
үȾˣ
Ӣ̾Сһǰ塣տᵽһɵĴ̱ζ
Сʣе˿ˮ۾ض壺ү˵Ⱦ
Ϲ˵ġ
Ӣ̲ûϹ˵أȥȥߵʱҽ̸һүү˵Ⱦƺ̫࣬ζӲˡ
Ӳܻ屻СŮĻһæ
ӢСҽô˵ģ˵ɶӲ˻ỵˣˡ
һӲŲ˵үҿɲǺƴģȾĻѸκӲ
ֻ֪Ⱦƺ˵ģû˵ȾưѸκӲġ
ҺүүɶүҪţȥ̣ҲˡǳʵͳͳŲмˡ
ҪƣҲоݵĺơͷ˿ڲ죬ҽͺһβ˵⻰
ƾΡӲΰôһһġүү岻ãȾĲá
үү˭ȾˣǺȾƵˣ϶뺦㣬Ժ󲻺һˡӢ˿ȥ塣
ûȽŲֲǲߡ
ĿӢ֣ӶһѳĻƶӢûȥӿұ˹ˣ˳С
ƶũܳ¾ƲˣСֱͣƶƤ͸Щɡ
⳴Ļƶִ࣬ڲõһ㶼ԲˣСȴϲ
ӣӢѳƶװСһ࣬ؿү
ڶԶ⼸رУΪǿоˣ˶ҪǹӣСһҲ̡ͬ
£ʻ򶼴÷зʮȫ֪ˣΪҽܷ£ͬоһ֪ͨдӣøӴ֧飬շһ£Ǵɵ¡
үǰ˶۵ʯ̲ӣ￪һᣬ˼˭ҪҺǿһȱ£飬԰Ťȥ֡
һ嶼ֳƿ죬ֻӴһ٣ָ˴ҹҲ֪ôǵϱˣϱҹһܡ
ұѹʮϱǷˡ
е˾ӲˣЩҲԸı䣬Ůﵱˣӻǲкת
һˣӢر֪ҵκ̫СѶϢֻܴӴ֪
̫иǱߣҹȥ˼ңһΣһΣҲ֪ܼ档˵ͷɶҲûӢ˵
ȥӿΣϢ
˵Ļĵ׵һ̣òаԣһ֪ͷ᲻ᰵǼңȷµͷˣԼһ˫һڣɶ֪
ιȥҲǺջ
ǿоҾ͹űջһûС˵еĹҧݣоǰǶϵֺᣬ˺ȴָ«ʲôҩء
ϵúһ£ôӦҡǲ֪ͷǰ㵽ԼͷϣǷһܼҡ
զأءʯ̲·ϣ׿ĵ˼ʵ
ӢһСüͷùûˣ˵
壺ˣͰ׷ˣ裬̵𣿡
԰԰ùݡӢҲһί
衢̸ţùŶ
ίԴǰǮϱ˵ãһ˵Դ˵Ϳʼˡ
˵̫СЩá
˵СӾ͵СӵЩ̫࣬ԡ
ӢףΪɶͲЩˡҶʱ֧Ŷ䣬͵̸͵αץͲ͵ˡ
Ϊ˵ٱ͵һ²ԡ
һ²⣬ͳͳġΪ˳⣬ֻźģȥ͵˵
ʵ骺ܹҲûɶ˼һ죬ͻȻԼСѾͷ̸ˣҡ˺󣬷ӦͱСͬƺЩܸȤǣоݵط
һ֣ɰϱˡ
ϱͳһսߣҪķСѾͷϲԵమá
ǿɲԺŮˣɸС֡
ӣǹ˵ɶأӢ׷ȥӣҲȥˮȥˡ߽Ժӣ廹ûأȳŵԹһ䡣
ʵľţ𣬻򿪡
һŴӣһȷµˬŮˣŷ칻Դ˳֣ˣ˵ء
ŮӢĹùã졣ʮ꣬ȥɽµķƽׯѾˣƽׯӲǺԶֻаСʱĽų̣죬˻Ÿչһ£Ҳ֪ɶ£һֻˣһѡ̫ɽʱ
½£СӢӹʲôƳ׹ŮǣӢŽݡ
һȥæϡ
ܹŭϣݵӢһ̧ͷͳ̲Ѱ顣
Ӣ졣
˭ˣˣĪɶ͵ˣ
һԣҲΣУһ˿Ӣ׵Ķ
˵죬һתͷͲѹֵգ㣬ʣӣզˣ˭ǵˣ
˭ǵǺöӣ˭ô
岻ʻãһʣʱɨ̨βеܹ۾һ̧ŭعһ
񣿡
ƺûܹʶͰ񶨳ס
ϴûҲϴϴ٣˸ɻûʲô˼һӣҲȢϱʱһء
˵ԸʵźܴĹϵ
ȶϣʮһ꣬ͱȥľѧաľӲãֻѹͽȵӷԽԽĬʱѾˡ
Ѿײ˵ֻɻˡ
ũʵҲûɶʵˣֻĸģŻףǰĶӣ֪Ǻεȸܡ
ڳɼҵȢϱȻҲǸӵģšһߣҲʲô⡣
ܹ¶µûŵؿڣ˭
ָɶһǻüͷһᣬŭʡ
ʹˣһɨ쬵죺㣬æˣ㲻ڷƽׯ֣ܻؼɶ
ɶܸɶȻ˵¡췭˸ۣһ䣬ߵ骵ĸǰʣɩǳһɽӵģ֪Ǹʲô𣿡
£ʹ֪Ժ˳ЩҲȥ֪Ժ߶Ҳ֪ľҡҡͷ
磬ȲӦũԣŵļƻ
뿪ʡǰ˵ҪǸɲϰũҸɵһı˼ˣڽũ壬ֻҪǸطˣͲ˸۸һҲ˰ɡҲļ˾ͻز˳ǵ£ֻ˵Ҫлᣬᰲسǡ
޵˺أǾһسǣռҲŮǿڷҪǲãһ˻سǡ
Ϊи뿪ǰĻŻڷӲù󣬹ѡˣһѡһˡ
պãǺһسˣҲû
޵̫죬Ĳ֪Ժ¡ĳȴ΢֪һġ
骴ӹл̧Լ֪ڳˣҲǽʡˣĸǷְ֯ãֻ֪سǣȻҲʮˣһֱš
Ժʣô£ڴʲôգ
ܹ𣺡ô£ϺŮ֪һ𣬻˱˵Ķӡ
ɶˡ
ܹƳˣһ죺죬˵ڲ


21 
ܹŭҳĻ,𾪣ԹɵӢͬûز
С۾Ȼɵöź,Դһᣬŵؿܹ
ۣˡ,ɳ¡
ſڵıⵣ׼ҪˣһϵģܻүĹȡ
군ˣ
,,ôˡ
ӢҪ,һҲ׵ˡ;,ܸóԶٴˣƽׯˣϱ䳰ȷץϹ
ƽׯ,֪ɵ,Ҳ֪ԺԶ,Ϣû,Ȼ֪ҪЩʲôлء
,ҵСӸˡ
ٲ˵Ųȸһ١弱ò,ڰ,ȶһ,ŵӡ
ֲҸɵ£ʲô
첻޵Ҳʱ֪ԺһŮ֪࣬ɻʱ۵ˣǶӳĳ£ׯĳҽһ£ˡ
˵£
ûϹϱ˳ܻһȴɶҲû˵Ϲִ￴񲻶ԣŴӱô¡
Ǹ۵֪ǳ֪Ժ֪࣬ѹƣﴧģ̡
Ϣһڣûιȥȥ֪Ժһ磬ǳô£ȴ֪Ժ˵ȥҽԺˣȥĲǱˣӦϹ
嵽ƽׯ֪Ժһξ룬Ҳ֪˭ݵϢ
ײȥˣɴңܵܺͳô¡룬һֻ֪֪ȷǺһ֪ߵĽ߽һ£һˡ
һ࣬¹ôʣƨһû˵˴
ʮ궼ԸޣԩͷһණҲţȴͻȻֳУʲôܹĻüëһ壬˼
³ʱӢڼϿ¸ʱиУ̸֪࣬ЩáȻŶðֳ¡
˴ҵļǻôš
ǰʱʹ·ȥ֪Ժף˵ôţΪԭ򣬺һܡ
ء
޷ֳӣʲô
ƲƲ죺Ҳе⣬˵ӦǴһʱˣҪɶ϶ͲðȢĻš
طŮҪĪǾûǹһ㣿
骣ȥл¸˵徾üͷ˼һ骵
骵ͷȥǱߡ
³Ǹׯʱӵ﹣绹أŮ׼ײֺ꼾
뿪Ƴӣü£Ǵô죿
ʲôô죿ƿƤ̲
췭˸ۣӶˣѲɻס֪Ժ
ᵽĶӣ߯ζ
һʮ꣬ѵ̸ϱͣǶʮˣǳˣ˼Ѳɵﻹ᲻ýš͵͵£Ҳ±˵Ŀˮǡ
رǳһ֪֪֪࣬δ黳Уж಻
ҪԼҲҪĴ
룬춼ܲµô
סס֪Ժģõǻ˵ˣˣû󷹣ȥ԰ɡ̰ѿϵ̸ȡ˸̻һ£ȼһ̧ۣӢ˫۾һ۲գĶ
һľ룬㬵İѻ̸ְϵ˿ϡ
ڣȫҵŮˣһ飬Ů׼ס
һˣڷҳԡ
춢˵׵һ䣬תͷܹˣȻȥˣٹǺú񣬵ô¡
˵ţҲ壬תͳԺӡ뿪ڶԿһۣü̾˿
ճţӢ֨ڰϡʮӣ骾ͰˡŨüһ棬·ϣѾ˵ˡ
զ죿üչһʡ
ܿһ㣬ȥϳվţҪǿͳˣǴӻüۣæȥϣȥˡ
ǵѾڷƽׯˣǲôԴӣ϶ɵߴͳ֪ԺǱ߻֪ʲôأȥˣ϶е֣Ȱ˽壬Ūô£㡣
Ӷծ
񵽵ףͳδУʲô
֪࣬˻ӻãûм˾ͻУ֪Ǳ߿Ҫʵġ
ǳģָգһ㲻Ը⣬ˡ
ľǲһֻ뵽УԳӰ죬ȴ뵽
Ŷá֪ʲôͷöش˴֣æȥϡ
Ȼ˵ȶ磬ҪؽʡҪҪһȥ衣̤żسס
֪Ϊɶô˵ֻһ䣬ǾϱҪؽʡƺûд˼Ͼ磬Ӿæˣϱȥʡ϶ȥˡ
תͷ㶵Ķ骣Ҫؽʡ
ʵúܿ죬ҲûԼӢʻ˶ġ
ûͣسЦЦزȥ˵ɣ㰴ҵĻһ³ɡǺһĳˣһҪһʱʡ
һЦźһЦɶնûˣæŶˣ
˺ôһڹӢ
ְûˡ
͸ĸһ£ӢѾȫԼ԰迴͸ˡ
־ˣĻָŵϵʯͷ˵һ繷ʺҲԥظ͡᲻ỳӢ֪ɣְദģʽˡʶ̣
Ӷ⵹Ѿֲ֣һߣ̧ͷɻس骣֪«ʲôҩ
ڿɲǺԼҶϱɶӣ塣ϱͻȻ˵⻰϶⡣
ǧ꣬Ҳˣʲôիֱܹʣ骣ǲɶף
üŷֻ˳һ˵ˡǰҽӵҵţ˵ͷб䣬Щ֪࣬лسˣȥ궬µʱعһ˽ʡ϶Ҳ֪¡ҺͬɽӣҼ־¶˾ˣȴһֱûޣһسأڹϣֳЩ¡ؽʡǰ£϶ǳʲô£Ȼۼʱ䲻ôڡ
ûиı̬ȣʵ
һȴǿԿ϶ģͳϵ£ڳӽʡ֮
ǰ깤˵ͳԷĵ㣬ͼӰԳôڣ϶ǳ͸¶ĳѶϢ
ɲǾĳܸɳ¡
سǣΪСӷܹ骵Ļ˲䣬ʱ˲ˡ
ӢҲ˲үˣԲ۾Ȼһݵؿ衣
Ҳлسʸ⣬⣬سһ費ͻس˰ɣ
ˣʹ磬磬Ҫûĺˡ֣سǣ²
㣬Ҫسǰܹګګض骣ʡ
س⣬ûסѿϵ̸
һ˼ҪسǡϾҲǳģ˶룬һ¼ʮǮĹʣƱũ壬֪˶١
Ǽɽӻ㲻Ҳһǰ㣬ϱ޹ʮˣĻر֣лسǵĻᣬĻ᲻ȥ
裬سǣӢܲү̵ˣںڵ۾骡
֪һɶسǲǴ¡
ţͳͳûĺӡ
骿ͻȻˣͻȻӦԼ˵ɶȻһЦ޶ˣҪأҲһ˻ȥٿɣҵ˵ҽڵĳڳһֳַУҵ˼ŵ³ļֻҪأѣʱȥһ¹ƣǶܽǡ
̵Ķһ٣ԣǻسǣصҲǽʡУ
һУؿڵģԭ
ˣΪϱҪؽʡءϱҪˣզ졣
ֻУǾûʲôõĵˣϾʻԶͳҲһСʱ·ϱ˼һȥء
ҪȢϱȢˡ򣬾ǻسҲ
骣ҵôģ»ûӰǾ͵֪ҽǵĳ˵ɲܵȥ
˿̣æͷ˵˵˭Ҳ˵
骷ģҪǰѲס죬ܹһԳȻְѻת˳ϣ骣ǲǾóɶ⣿
ҡͷûⲻ֪磬ȥһҽ籨Ҵһ¡
˶٣ֵı仯ǳӽʡʼģǷİɣиղǻʲôС˼Ҳ溦񡣡
ʵһĳŶĺӣҧҪ˵ԸǱȵģͳˣåģʱ֪϶֡
һ꣬ôã˼ôණϣİɡܹ꣬ε̾˿
ǰǰͲȢ֪࣬Ͼϱ֪ۣ࣬˽һ㣬ûɶõġҪϱϱ¾ոˡϱҲϣҸϱԴ϶߶˿һ꣬ҲǸŮź֪ϵ֪࣬Ǻʹϱһ
죬СӢ˵ڼϿǸŮ֪ˣ˲ٶСӹſڵһ磬˶᲻Щؼҡʧˣһ磬ǿֻģ˵СӢֶŮûǻ
ȻֻһС£С¿£ģȫǸŮ֪๴ȥˣҲ󿿡
ʵ˵ŮҲûɶҪǣŮ˺òá
ҲȫϱϱȴǸϸµġǸ벻£ϱ뵽ͬҲڴϷȴһƥ˵骸ϵģ·
ĺûĵ
˵òϱã⻰
ϣͰѼǮһΪøӵǷݣȫϱˡǮȻûϽˣϽǮӣӻǹ֣ЩܻǮģɲһ˵ġ
ȥ骣ȥŪţƤ˻
ɫ磬ô񣬸»Ҫܹݺͳţʼϴϱ¨ȥʯ̲Ӻء
ţƤũֵһֲˣֲܳԣҲܳԣȥչվ׽ͷС̣ЩţƤˣܹιС̵ġ
ڼ𣿡
ǰȥǮϱͿųͷչˡûԺأȳߺ
ڣɶ°
Ӣ£żϷĥţҪҪȥ񻪣й¡
񻪽Ǹɶ£ܷĻûģû֪ģҲ֪г֪࣬׻᲻ΪĶ
е¡ǮϱӢѱ¨鵽ԺȻ˦е㷢壬شڽ˳
һǮϱѹܹӣˣˣˡ
ɶʲô£ܹһᵽһѣæʡ
⣬Ī£ˣ
ǮϱͷԵƳһۣӣ㻹ʲôϽģ֪ԺǱߵһŮ֪࣬Ӹˡ
ܹ۾һУʣզ֪ģ
Ǯϱ磬ƽׯ˸֪࣬͵͵˵иŮ֪໳ˣģȥҽԺ飬ˮ·һ䡣ȥţݣһ͸ƽׯȥµģ֪˵ģƽׯǱߣѾ÷з֪ĸɲȥˣ˵Ҫץ񡣡
ȥƽׯˣܹһ㣬û뵽ǮϱǸĵģϢԸΪȥƽׯˡ
ץô壬ȥƽׯ
Ǯϱ˿ˮϸŵˮư͹˿ˮզ֪ӣǸϽ취ţ¿ȥģһʱ֪˵ҪǽȲǸŮ֪ߡ


22 
Ů֪δ,治С¡ܹһ֪ĳˣʱֽ
֪ôͲˣ˭ͱ֪ģ
ǮϱԹɫ,ܹ飬׹ʣ֪Ǹ֪£
ܹǮϱʻ,һתôµģզ֪,Ƕ˺þ,ǰ,û񶼲ôż𣬾ȥˡ
,һҪ·
֪ͷϿۿˣåñӡ̸δУ˵һʱ䣬ҪˣåʾͲһˡ
Ǯϱɵһ,漴˿,ؿڣ·İ,Ǿͺ,ˣһ淸ء
Ϣǻ,Ͱˮ񼱺뿪һȥ,Ӿû˵ģ,ŵ˵ֵֹ,ɻһ겻ģ˼δϱ˰
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ûأʹУҲ±ҵĿˮ
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ӢӣɶﶪõĿɲݡܹӢĶæ
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ҲɶԵģⶫܲǺܲߴӣжģԡũˣʲôжʲôûЩ׵ҽ
ߴӣּģû˸ȥԡ
ⶫԶ˿Ҫġ
жӢ۾ȻһϵҰݣȵѾŪⶫȥɶ
ѾŪݡ
ͳͳַʲô˵ˡ
ϴץߣڱҧŪݡҸòҪùɣ
˻
Ѿ׺ʲôʲôԹ
ӢС۾΢תʣ̣ѾŪݻȥᵱܲԵɡ
ϹˣŻߴӵܲԡܹ˵ţˮʢ˼ưˮţϵʱϴá
ֺ廹֪ʲôʱӢȳԷˣһȥ˯
СӲͶܹ˵ţӢʢһعϷһЩˣȳԡ
šӢһЦߴӶϣܰɾԼȥˮˮϴ֣Ȼ룬ʼ
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Ӣ̽˵ף֪ԼҶ岻£Դ鵽ͷûӣ˯˹ȥ
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ڼҵ˿ɶˣ費ڣүҲڣֻڳæݡ
̣үأӢڳſڣź̲ĺ棬ɻʡ
ܹææ⣬յһ䣺£ӢӣԷȻȥ̫ǱߣڹǱ棬Ҫȥһˡ
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СҼҵģЩɶԷܹЦӢ˷ϡæԼ¡
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ӢҲֻһǮ߹ˣûÿδӹǮŪСǮװֻ֡
ӢլרĴȲݣһ꣬ͰԼҵ¸׵Ժ
ȻЩ£ñǵñ
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ȺһָҪҡ
һʮĺҲܾһͺͨũһһӵģȥм쵼ϡ
˵⿴´磬Ⱥ˻е㻣ˡ
ҽûȥϼȺ˵Ҫų̸ˣֱվ˳ĸģôûǡ
ǲǹģ֪ġΪ˶һ۾ҡ
ҳ˿̣·û飬Ե֪죿֪ɶû֪ࡣ
ɽӵ֪඼ڷƽׯԣ⻰ȫûë
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ܴϱãڨڨһЦԴһͣæЦɶ̿ɱ컬컬
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бҵĻˣĻҲһѺ֣˻ʵݣ˭޸Ǹ˵֪࿴޸ǲһţҪ˵֪ˣåǣǶš
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֪ͷˣҲ˵ķӦпһãû¶ۣǿҡ
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Ȼǹ·ģǴˣͲݱڮ١
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ֲڣû˵ʲô֤ݣ֤Ըġ֪࣬Լԩˡ
ǰã˳ݣһСʱߺȥ趫ľɵڴϣһ۸ȥ֪Ժÿ뿪鶼Ծ·ѹʲô㡣
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ֹǵϲĴҲ׷ҵϲڣϲĶҡ
ں󣬹ӹսǴϱͷɢŲ鸡ҡҡ׹ĴǱ˳
󲮣ˣۼңۼұͶˡ


23 
ϱһͶ,ȥĽգֱһȺΧ۵Ĵ϶˲š
ͷӢ,۾ɳӡ
һ̬ϱС΢ţԼƺɶ
ʱ,ѾһѶݻȥҾж
˵ɺϣš
ѾҪɶأ
ΪɶһһԼ˳֡
Ī,Ҳ񻪽һ,еࡣ
,ҲسԼְ
Ͷ
Ӧ֪ңĿڵǹӾûȥ,
ӳΰЩð֪쵼ζص
֪ҲҪ,,,ȴͲӡȻǳ,ȴʵʵıˣⲻ,һץһ
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Ҷ˶̸ӣһ̵ܽģ쵼ǣλ쵼۶£ҾͲˡ
˵գ󲽷ϱ
ˣѾסϱмѯô¡
ͶҪη£˭ôӣȥͶˣ
ϱܲãɫɷףݣȥ
ϱզ£˭ͶģҼжˣߵϱߣżʡ
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ǿ͵С£ʵܲң¹ܴϽжӳľͱܡ
ǮһæתӶ汼ȥ
û򣬵ӶƽӣȴһҽӾ͸һӣ涼õܿЩҲͼӵ¡
ϱ˷ţ˫ŶӣµңҲ֪˭ͶĶ
鲻ã㶼֪˭ͶĶϹʲôһԼԻ˶ء
ϱдһԻӵģҼˣᶼʹŸ۵ιȥˡ
ۣǳɶóԵġûжļˣȥҿɡ䣬øϱϱһȺ˺ƺƵȥңƽ֪˶ۣҲȥ򾿾
Ժһʬֱ̱ͦͦڴſڣֵŶӣһ̵ĶڵϣϱƽֶһϵĲʣһߺ
ʮһˣòڼҡ
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££죬ҷˮǹȥƳɢԺеˣˡ
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ϣֻǳԴ˶ǧΪȻӶӳܾҪ̨ˡ
ȣȥҽдµģӼƹֵģҲӵĻƣΨ쵼
ԴҲ鲻ԣæңʯӱ߷ŵķһˮʼ
ˣжˡ
ĸ˰ôڣͶε𣿡
ӲúܣˣҪһ𣿡
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Ѿǽء
ǼÿɽˣӣȥɽҡԱߣæŲ鿴ңᵽҽãһͻæ
һŮŮڼңҪǶɽϣǾ鷳ˡ
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컺ж֢״İ취һ£۵֢״ʱȥ
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ϴϣ·̫ҪЩһҾ͸æкˣæ˵ô¡
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ϱУУѾͷƬ˵㣬ϡ
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ϱж֢״ǻˣӻʹ붯һᣬŲԶǮϱ
Ǯϱ۾ۣһڣ߽ݣѰϷŵĲ˶˳ݸϴ
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𾪡
붼û뵽жǳԴ˶һǰΪǱͶҩš
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СԴ΢Ѱ˼һ㱳С֣һС̫̫ӣլȥ
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ߴֶҶжȫΨһûжģĹӻζҩʪĹЧ
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˹ִһ̶ԸЪ˿Ǯ˱ͻ˺Ӷ档
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һֱëë꣬𴲺һ˿˸ιС̵ĵعϣͱű¨ţûԱĶûжŮȫʪˣ¨ﶼװŲݣջصңûŪô£ͱǰһϱϱһ١
ıӲ֪ģ»ΪŮĺء
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ϵŮ˵ȫģȻϲޣŮҲϲݹ壬ûһѹŮ˿ġ
ŮӵվԭأֲܡѾʹһЩԵĹ࣬УΨѾܣͷŮ˵Ĺ䵽Լϡ
ûע⵽ӢӦܷ֣ѾµϣǾ˵顣
˵ϵĺܲӣ˭ûġϵǱϹ˻ôţߴӺͺܲӶֲˡϱԼŮһٺѾѾѾ
һȺѾͷƬӣ붾ǲɣԷ٣ѵ
˿Ůﶼζȴû˸ǰֹӶӳ϶һƬĮƺֲ֡
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˶ãϱԴ⡣
ϱŮﶼٿˣк֪켸˳ңҲɢȥǮϱЩģڴ˵˵˾䣺˵ŵ㣬ŮҪɻأôأҪǳɶ£µĻƽȥɰ
һ٣ܳɶ¡
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֪켸еҲסһͻĻС
ˣҿŴﶼڣ˳춣һӵĳԱ˴Ұ˶ˣƽʱעһ㣬ɱһԵɶҪĶ
ܱëҵģһֲ´ӣ˭һɶúǼŮŶ󣬷ֲܲߴӣǺ𡣡
ߴӵ˳ԣʮһ˵ȱ̫࣬ⱨӦˣáһԣܱϱѾ߰˸µҷһڡ
ǧ꣬ţôûˡ
ˣ϶̣߸ȥҳϯỨǮ򴮱ڷһš
ܱϱŻɵɵĶӣǺӡ
㹫Ǳ˵Ӻǿ͵СûϵҲšֱѲ˸ϵ
ӣզôӲأޡ
ҳܱϱɫɫƵģ֪Ǻˣһ£һ£治ٳɶ£æתƻ⣬£лҰæˣ죬ϱţʱ򣬴һȥȱ衣
ɶҪˣ󲮣ɶʱ֪ദģզû˵
ûһ磬ְѹעĿŵͳϡ
ǰȻҶ࣬ƱʵϴȫµģɶҲ֪
£̵˶һˣֻһֱûŰˣǹŮЩͬ⣬µʱ򣬻ٻȥһˣΪ˵ˣòͬˣСȴûѳֵסֳ¡
˵û˿ɶ
һ˼ҳһصģȤ˼䣬׷ʲôʱ˰ơ
ҵأӺãɡˣɢɢˣˣؼɣǶȥ﹣ȫˣ©ˮ
Ҷ˶٣ֵʱ䣬ļͷţιõ㣬Ҫ죬ţǾ͵ˣɲǳԲ
󲮣ģǾͿԼҲܿţҴϱȥɽǱ޶ҰɣţϲǱһƬ׼ţǳԵñġǮϱιţæ
ţӵۿžҪιذ
һʹкˮ̣̫ȥ˾լ
Ƕµһ죬һһģӦ
϶ҲǣµǰҪص񣬳Ҳû£Ӧҵİţ£ǻе֡
СӣϢˣɳ£ҵˡ
ŶĴɲҲô롣
;ã̫ɶˣûأͰ˼ŮĶӸˣĺøУͻȻûˣͬһûĳҲ˼䡣
׻˵ĺãһĲ죬ＱǳҲɶ
ȻզŪӡ
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̫һ£Ҳϴ󣬵ˣ㣬ȥ϶Ҵ򣬴²˴
̫
żعѣһؾʮꡣѸǰǷǶ࣬Ϊ˲˵лԼģٵˣ˰뱲ӵĶȴТŪûˣֱĿӡ
Ҽ̫̫òᣬæУ򣬵ʱҺ϶һ򡣡
һԣҲֻŵİ˼
ƣͲסǰ֪壬ֻͨţ˸ţ֪ԼֶӸɻˣ֪ˣҲˡ
̫ԣֵһ򣬴֪ʲô¸ʲô
£̫Ӣýһᣬܲˡ
ӢҲŪô¡
ѹϵʱһûɶµӣҹǳ˯ѾöԲ˰
ү֣ŴүĽ֤ȥ£δ֤ȥֻ֤Ҫ֤һ֪ţҲץ塣

ûˣӢۡǴһٶȰ¶Եӣλﻹе뷨
Ұ̫̫뿪լ̫ﲻþ̾ɵ˴ϡ
ŰοһͳӢ
緹Ҽ˻ûӢõȲɴҲȲˣ˦Ÿ첲ȥҼ־ѧ˵˻Ự־ѧǣȻȥ˼ҡ
Ѿˣ񻪺ʹӼϻˣȥĲЬû
СѾͷһһҼңûߵ˼ңͼǰѾһˮһϡ࣬һţǳһӾ˹
ǴõˮͰͰˮֻװһ룬һ룬Ҳ壬ѹȥ
Ѿ㡣
ӢҪȥ˼ңɱײѾ
ײײˣӢҲֻܵӲͷƤһ
࣬ȥЩ⡣
ѾӢŲһ٣ۿ˿ӢУȫͬİ׾СŮѾһ¡
һˮȥ
˴ӢһѾúûţſЩ˵ıӦ
һӢĻ͵ͳ
ûκ·ֻһֳĪģӢͻ
Ӣ˾æСԴѾ㡭
һΣѾûӢһͰˮֱȥҡ
ӢСԴں۾ضѾСıӰúС򣬳˼ȥ˼ҡ
Ӣӣˡ
Ÿ˰ߵ룬ιʯӵ򾡣Сüͷһ˼Ӣһ٣ʡ
񻪽㡣ﴧµӢȻȻС۾һȳ˼Ժӡ
񻪰鵽ӱߣ··ʲôأ
Ӣʯ۱߳ԳӵļһҸղſѾˡ
ûӦ۾ӢĻ
ʱ䣬СӢӴһ飬ҲСѾͷӣ꣬ȴһԼ˵ļɣҲһһ۵ģҪ۾ĲȾһ˿ʣź¶ͯһģһҪɣҲˡ
СӢĺܴҲܹԣϱӣ˶ֻɵһ棬˭Ҳ֪ûгɵôһϲĺӡ
ĶпǳЦžӢĻ
ȥϵʱǱߺü˶жˣߴеĶӢ˵СüëһᣬʱԥţЩ¸òø񻪡
˶٣۾Ȼ̧𣬶ϡ
һȥĨǳǳ΢ЦЦ˲䣬Ӣ˼ͻȻͶˡ
˵Ϊɶر̤ʵ
ӢСһ֣յɰСУ񻪽㣬ҿѾ˺ôһߴӣӺ̲ܹȥ
ѾߵЦӢɲǣʱסˡ
ͷһ࣬䵽Զңϸ˼
ӢӣԺѾԶ㡣˼Ƭ̣۾һһζӢ
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ϱӣѾУΨһһ֪ģϢƽϷҹܻᡣһúÿųŮˣ䵽ֵطֻҪһ룬뵽Ľ֡
ǼǱҧжѾҲˣһЯŨŨĺޣӵġ
Ǽˣ⡣·һСģͻ
񻪽㣬ղѾˮ߾˵ҺúûţĳЩ˵ıӦӢûͷ񻪵ĻŴ۾񻪡
񻪽㣬ѾΪʲôҪô˵
ԣ鸦һһЦô֪ΪɶҪô˵ˣӢӣĲ˶һЬӴýʵ߷һ˫ˣʮ˫Ьȫˡ
ʱתƻ⣬ȻæݣȥȡЬǮ
ӢʱһĨȻѾӢ˵ЩĪϱӣӢӵĺƽйأ
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񻪽㣬Ѿţ˺֪ɶͳͳ֪Ŷ
Щ£ǹغͳͳĴ¡
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Ӣ񣬺ܿ񻪾ŸЬǮ˳
ǮӢСѾͷüͷᣬһĥɶӣ΢ӢӣҪȥԱ磬ҪҪȥ
ȥȥҼϣԼáһҪǮıˣӢٿػæ
߰ɣ¹꣬ɣǲ÷ڡ񻪰µı¨˳ֶ˰Сͷ¨ȻȡһѲĵӢ
ҰгˣȻۿܲڵҰС
ӢСԴ͵㣬С۾¶ѣ˵Ұаرóԡ
񻪿СѾͷһ̰ԵСģЦóԡ
ǽһ㣬̳ԡӢ⣬۾ˡ


24 
СЦȥ,ĲԶ񻪻СͷԼõı,һţȻСͷȥҵ,Ӣ˼á
ۣ˱㿪ʼɽҰҰС
ҰǺöɽҰеСر,ɽ,ڵһ㡣ٵÿҰ,ӢСɥҰгǲ,ǿԡ
㣬Сꡣһ꣬СǾһѷܻ˼ҡ
Ӣȥ߹ʯ̲ʱ,ԼԺſ,ү̲ϵھ,Դү˵Ż
ԴүҲ֪˵ɶ,үүһ,ȻţԴүȥԴүǺһЦ,æ˿
񻪽,үǻ,ҾͲȥˣȻҪү̫˵һ¡Ӣѵ񻪣ȻһҰУȾԼȥ
үү˰Ӣܣߴĺ
񻪿ߵСѾͷЦҡҡͷ
Ӣӻˣݣȥˣզ·ӶʪˡűӢæ´˵Ĺȣһ̣סСŮ
ӢûүҫذϵҰøүҺ񻪽ȥҰˡ
ȳӣӢԴһǱùɡһԣû뿪ԴүɵСѾͷеĽĵ
СŮˡ
ǰɣͿޣߵĶҪ̱ţеԵرСĶ˺󣬱˵ȥԼСˣֱӲȥԼˡ
ԴүĻƤЦⲻЦǱݺõʯͷûãǷأӱ򵥣ֱȥײһײʹˡ
ͷӣ᲻˵
ɶһͱˡ
Դүһҭ壺Իҩ˲ɣСϱҪˣԣٲĸģҲ°Ѷϱˣϡ
ӲǿڳԵġ˵ô໹뿴Цͷŵ㣬Ҳ̸ϱˣ⻰Сһظ㡣һ㶼̸ϱĻ⡣
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ⶼôʲô°
Żһ⸽ȫһˣžˣƫ˵ŹάĻϵЦȴĵĺܡ
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ԴүүӢүү۾һת
Եͷϣ꿴ϣӢТģⶼҪˡ
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骣ȥӢӻ··ʪˡһţͳɨص骺һ
ȥˣզȫʪˡɨѣ۹ŮȻæĻӢȥ
壺˼ҹŮҰȥˡ
ϵʪյģȥʲôҰУҪˤˣզ졣
骸Ӣ·ŻţȴǮŹŮĴеľӢӣǮģ
ЬġӢǮù֣װԼСǮ
۾ŹŮĶתСǮϣʣ˶ˣ
ˡ
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Ǹһʱ𣬸СǮĳ̶ȣ»˵Ǯ
ܣ˵񻪽˵Ƿ¸ıǮҪ㣬ԺүԵġӢװǮǮӷŽԼСľ
СľµʱģǺܴװ־ֵдҵ顣Ȼ󣬱Ǯˡ
Щ飬ȥǵķ޹ģûµʱͷһЩԼԡΪҲ飬ÿĩʱֻҪϵأڼҾǶ
ļܺãõֻҪһۻһ飬֪ܽĶӡԺУڣѾһ꼶ѧڵĿαȫˡ
ǻд
̫ˣձûȣдŤŤ۵ĺܣдַ滹
Ӣһ㣬˵ڻûһ֣Ƕ־ֵܣҲȫ֪Լüôá
骶ӢСǮܺ棬۾˼ľӣ㻹үûԵİ
¡ҪԺóԵģҿǴӦ̣ԺԺģҲǮĳԵ𡣡Ӣ´ǣȥҳҲְԡ
СĨôô𡣡ģĸϲԼҺ˵ֻˣЦеشȤŮ
˵ӺãҪ˵ɶõģһľӢӹԣ֪̿ġ
ֻһǽ֮骸Ӣ·ûйţĸŮĶԻܹ嶼ˡ
ϵһĲСȻ˵Ŀࡣ
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ҼбľǱߵĴϷɱҾʶˡ
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ӢӻСɶСֶŮɰģһѱرߡ
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ɶ
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ܹĿۣúӦˣ޲ôСӡ
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骣ɶûϱܹһͷͿ˲֪ʲô骡
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ũæָߣ˭ָ⼸㹤ְӳˣҵҲ֡ǿ£Ҷô׵ʱ˭ҲԸһѣԶӵˣԸ͡
ƺҲ⣬ֺǳԼҵļŮǸӡ
ҼŮѹȵʱ̫ľľګګ˵ʵϱҲûӵõʱʱͰһ
ǰʱ䱻ϱָĥ죬ҲǸŵģӸǰֿʾûͰӸ˹ȥϱûҼ죬ٴαӸѹȥ
ӢϲӣʱҲһǶߣһƬأСѾͷͷߺߺߣһƵ˱ĵ
ûԶӢͲһڶ
ͷںڵĴ۾ĴȻֱ¨ǰߣ߳ȥûղĴߣһ
һΣоһθǿЩ
Сüͷһٴͣ½Ųͷ
һȥߴƬϡϡвˣ⣬йͷϱӷ£ֵܱܵϱҲǸ
ӢüСһȻȾǱȥ
ܵ·ϣֻ۾ʱʱͻ뿪һ£Ȼٴξۻ
Ӣе㺦£Сܵ骵ǰͽס·裬ڿҡ
ɶһ죬ᱳʹԴȫӣӢĻеûӦ
лڿҡӢСţں۾ǵߴķٴε
ˣΣڷӦˣͷһ࣬ĿӢķɨȥ
ɽϣȫϵõˣһİ˶ûС
ջߣմյͷһϵĺأôûп
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費ףҪ֪Ầµ
骣̫Щǿˣȥˣôˣ㱳㣬ǱЪһȻʹȥ
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Ȼү˵СҲҪɽ£û涨СӾ͵øɻС첲Сȵʲôȥ˷ûĺӣڵ
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ڲĵˣǺŵɽûðɣôҪȥˣ
骼ĻŶأһֱţȻһȥ
Ӣľ
пԲɻɶʲôϵûС
Աߣ׵ĳֱ״˵ҪȥϢĻѾȫľˡ
Ůˣʮ꣬ɻ͵εΣһ˿仯
⸱ӡ
뵱꣬ǱһŵɽӣһµҲ˵ĻҪҽڲɡ
ʱףһɻֱͦͦε˵ѷƽׯӶӳ
Ϣ죬յӡ
θأһ칤һ졭˸򣬻÷һˣƽвǺ壬˵ɻûǰвĻųȥţʡǱߣͼ㹻Ʊ
ƽû취ֻܰɹӡ
ɹӣҲɹ
ƽţҪҪúøһʱǣϵģɾԼˡ
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Ϊũʮ꣬׽СɣѾȫĥûˡ
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һûĥƽ˹󡣸ղǳˣںüϱҪʱһˤϵӣŪ
˵˵ЩˣǱȱ˺ء


25 
ò,ǶǸѡġѡͬȻͲͬ
ЩĽ,Ľġ
骸Ϊʲôѡ񣬶Ϊĵ,ʡңƾ̡ȻȴУ̫,˵,¼Ҹûǹسǵ¡
Ӣ֧ȥ˻ƾ,Сһȥ,ͱס̫ɹ
ӢСں۾˸ղߴķ
Կ϶,ǰڿ
,߻,ĵ﷢ë
û,æµȫԼˡӢüͷ˼һһת,ͽĿ䵽Ǳߡ
Ҫ˵壬˭,벻Ͼ,ǿܳǹ,ٺеϵ
С۾۲һӢ֣ڸɻ֮࣬ڰӸɻķϱ
ϱǲ㱻ǿ͵ߵĹԱ̣֣꣬ҽܳǹ죬˺ܱһȥд֣˿Ǯ˴š
ӵʱ۾֣ϣܱϱϣʱʱ䵽骺ͳߡ
Ӣ˺͵ش˸ͻ
ղſˣ϶ӡ
ҪɶǵǼ˰ɣ
˻
Уø衣
ӢŰԼķ֣骣ǱӺˣҪվ
ϣվеƫ߸ɻѾѾûѾͷûַ
ǵˡ
ѾͷƬӣû۾𣬻һѡ
ľ۾ô£ŸϹˡ
ָ֣ѾѾ
ȴʱѾűֱһЩӹϻŰѳͷƺ뱳Σͺʹһȥѡ
ߵߣűö˲ӵã΢˳ְѳͷӵıȻű¨ǰߡ
Ůûע⵽˰ѳͷһһӣѾѾӣߵϱǱߡˬһתһȥͺɲɲȵ˳ͷϡ
һȹȥǰĳͷ䲻͵ش
ٺᣬҲǸӣһ㶼Ͼͳһ
ϣĸȱ⣬ѳͷ𣿡һʹָ̧סõĶͷһͿʼ
һɲͶǱ
߸·ܲȵͷԴţӵˣͳ˼£ͷɻ
ޣſ϶ȱ¸ɶˣ޵£ˡ
ԼԼõá
һȦûҵǸͷˣһɽ£ƺشˡ
ƾӢǱ߷£С΢ţ۾ǰѵĳͷϣûһѾת
Ӣĺܡ
еףΪɶѾǷߣǸҼ˳ߴӣûֵԭ
ղţҪһֱӣ˭뵽ǰӵĳͷŵİ
Ӣﾪ棬Ǳߣ骸˻Ͳˣ˰Ѷͷϵĺ飬ͬմ˲ٺĳ΢ת΢һܹǱߺЩţȥɣҲ˸ιĵˡ
ŵĳ骵Ļŵ̧ͷ
۾һأһģ˵
ɻϱߵͷ˳򡣼ŸɻˣʶͰ骵Ļ档
ܹۣۡ˵Ķϱôı˿ȴ˵ȥɣȻιҲˣﻹһ·ûϴȥ·ϴ˰ɡ
ϱʮܹ꣬Ļ᲻֪骺«ʲôҩ
ڶϱһũиֽ£ܹѾǼֲˡ
ĻҲҪ˴ɲĻɼĻҲһ棬ܹҲúܿ
ڳ
ܹͷβûκָ
ΪûʱͷӾѾ˷ּ⡣
ּˣͷӸϴҲãڿҲգûйϵôô
ȣȻȥˡܹĻ۽ǸЦ⣬һŮ˴Ӣ뿪ϡ
صңóȥιԼӢȥ˶ƽׯӵ?ȻظС뱳޲ݻ
һˮ޲ϸϸϴɾ
ϴһţȻʰһ˵·Ӣһȥ˺̲ʼϴ·
裬ղŪĲݣǸʲôõģͷβӢȫ꿴ڸʲô
һҰݣˮϴϴɶá
ãˣЩţֺ¹ؼңҲܺһ롣ϴ·һϴһ߸Ӣ͡
һԵģӢ۾ˣʲô㣬ú𣿡
úȣ㲻ܶȣ𣬵Ҳˡ骿ŹŮ⣬ӯӯЦ
ӢСԴ͵㣺ţҲȣͳζ
Ҳܶೢ骵˵СѾͷıӣϴ·
ܹ˵骸ɲߵĻȴǰѺ֣ĶЩܹ𶼲ᡣ޽Һ󣬸̫ѧġ
Ϊ̫ϱܹŶ÷ȴûѧ˼ҵա
磬ù綹ʳ󽴡
裬֪ϵʱ˭ڿˡӢߣϴԼС·üͷ
˭骶΢٣ʡ
ӢСһصӣڿңڿ͹Ա̡
ܱϱ֣ꣿ֣һ˲侯
Ůң˵ǼǿĹؼֶֶŮһǹӣĪǳ
Ӣţ裬ҸоҪ¡
Ӣӣ⼸ȥˡһ۹ŮȻӿϴ·Ķ
һͰĿⶢڹŮܼҡϣ»˱˼Уϵ˺͹һ¡
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ҺʹЩ˵ǲ£ﻹмأҶҸɳ͵ӵ£֪˶ӺŮͷӣ᲻򵽺ϡ
ϴ·һϴϴ˰Ѵ·İӲľӿ·Ӣ׼ؼҡ
ߵִ̲ʯ̲ӵʯ״һͷ԰׵ˣŸȣʯ̲ߡ
ߵȽſȥ̫Ҫһʯף̧˺ü½ţŲȥ
幫ôˣҪؼҵ骣ʯӵˣ۾һæ¼Ͱܹȥסˡ
۾е㲻ʹ骵˺üۣˡ
ϱˣˣ۾Уûϳ
骷ˣһһʯߣ幫ôиһ
ⶼ߰ʮˣҪ忴̫̫иŲһ˹һˤĸˤôô졣
ȲˣǶڵأչó¡˼ҳ骵֣߱ߵϱϽȥǰƳǼ޵ķӻضˣӹţҲ֪ͷ˵ʲôҿͷ뿪ˡ
ɶ΢һ£Щû˵Ļ
ˣ岻ҰŵҿͷӳʱϵЦˣҪʹ
һ˲ǱˣӢһģ̫λסڶӵϵܡ
³ͳ鱬죬ȥһ˶ӣ˺ȹơǶپƵЧܸܵģ˼ҾߵߵģԸϢˡ
һ壬۾һ˹
ԴǿǹӺͷӾͲզ߶ͻȻҳţû£㹫ע㡣
Щ˻صң幫ȥϺ͵
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ż޽ĳϵ幫ЦЦȥǾˮ˼ңȻ㿪ʼջ󷹡
ͷǾĺܣǾˣһëǮһСǾ𣬵ȴڹҵǣԶ˶岻áũˣ˭ܶòðżԵζͲˡ
ڳ󷹣ƺЩæӢżϷ룬Ӣӣջ𡣡
ңջ𡣡ӢĻеûӦ
ͳͳջ𡭡
ͳͳûչ𰡣
ˣհɡ
үջ۾ѾˣΣӦþϤˡ
Ӣ˦Сȣ߸ߵżСƨ̨µİϣʼ׾˻𡣵һθֻӢջյúܲãһỤ̃ڷɳûһƮ˰
ѬˣѬӢ۾ɬ
ƫСһﻹˣСűصĻǯһֱﲦŪ
Ӣӣ㶼ˣզջأĲ߲ŪġͬѬ۾۵ĳв˵ʱ򣬳濴һۡ
ǸɶأշӰ
䣬ſھܹ
ܹŶ챻Ũ̸ûĳ˼ȻƳĳӢӻǯòȣʲô𡣡
˵ţܹߵ̨£ȡӢϵĻǯﲦŪ¡
ջҲǽɵģӢյʱǻҪ⻻ܹ޶ȥһ
ûæտ»ӢӶˣҲѧˣⲻڽ𡣡ΪȻæ֣ƺһ㶼ΪӢոʲôԡ
ũСļҲͿʼѧµġ
Ļܹе㲻þһѽӢʣʱаչ𣿡
̨ôɲСջһӴڳѸһԵĲˣǻðӶϰ
ũޣû꣬Ҳջ𣬾͵ǻյӣʲô˼骶⵱̵ĶզǼˡ
ȫ֪ܹˣһҼҸ࣬òջ𡣡
ûչȴӢˣ㲻Ӣӣֱ˵ǡܹŭغһҺ軹أӢӣò̡
ԴĻһڷ֣ܹˡ
ŽŵϱɲǼִһЦ裬Ҳ˼ҿ𡣡
ܹ𣺡ˣû˼Լ
ܹԳƫȻľͲ࣬ദʱ䳤ˡֲͷһ㶼ǳԼӵָֻϡ
ŽŶðͿʼɧˡ
˵־º־Իѧ·ϵʱ̫࣬ﲻ˼ʲôæ߰ĺӣĸÿ첻ҪһݵģԼɻǣֻгԷĵŻῴˡ
˻㣬˵ӢͲסӣǱܡ
һ½ŵĶô¡
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ϱĶԻȻشԺɽϻӺ壬üͷƳۡЩ죬˵ʲô뵽ŵĴ㣬ЪתӢ˳
ǿ˽¡
ֵѾɼңٺãҲͲסĴĥûãڱͷˡ
ˣˣ÷־ͷְɡ
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ղŶϱ˵ˣɽ£۾ƵģһֱڴԼҺܡҡ
ڱ˵ȥ˶ӣǱ뿪ͳ˴壬ͷĪũæǼҡ
˵¾ֻ˲ڴһܱĶܴԼӡ
ӶȥѧУܴڼϽѧУ飬ص÷ɽԼҵӣ϶飬·ҲŪǼңֻг֣Уÿ㡭
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ȥˡ
ֻǲ˵ɵŵ飬ϱһ仰û˵ͻ뿪̬ȣ֪Ľԡ
˵һ䣬̧׷ȥ
廰ܹ𣬸տͼԼҶϱӰѾûӣ׷ϱ
ܹ𣺡
ϱٶȣʲôʱô죬ղŻ⣬գۣͿӰˡ
鵽ϵӢҲͬɻĺܡ
ٶȣŶ
ôʮʹڽģ
šͳͳ⣬⻹ˡ
뿪ϢˣԺӣͷǻִ߽̾нʶֶӣֻǧûǧշҪǲһͷԺе÷ˡ
üͷ壬ȻȥǱߣ˵һͱˣүȥһҴ硣
˼ҵĻһͻȥҡ
Ѿ¹ʱϸɻĴʰũߣ׼شˡҵңԼ¸˵һ¡
磬۲һֱҲİѱ˼ǲ縪׳н⹷յһˡ
˵껰˿̣ݺݵ˵
ҳۣŶֵܣɶ㣿
壺ȥûңû˵û壬ϱ͹Ϣ¾ģƾͼƣֵܱܼȥɽСѧδЩȥʻжҾͲ׽ֳɡ
ڹǰ̫ѹ󣬾һֱڰĥţҪôܰͷȥǿ顣ͺΣ참֤ݣͷǰ˿ڵ£Ǿˣ׽סβ̫ˣȴһֻҪ׽סڸɻ£ͷȻܲ
ңУȱţš
˵գҶ̶תֵܱȥ
֪ôֵܼ˵ģ⼸ֵĻ϶ʱŭһƬȻ󶪿ϵĻ˳ְõıⵣɽȥ
ܴѧѧУڻɽɽǰǰ϶ѣ϶󣬻һЩꡣֱǰӿǶѣɴһǰ϶סķӣһ£Ū˸Сѧ
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ֵܼڵ뿪תߵֵԣ״Ϊѵ˵ȥˣǰҿҲϹˣҪƹˣզˡҪ˲ڣ¿ɲ㹤֡
֪۾Ĵһ¡
Ѿп𣿡￴һȦûҵˣͷʸżã׼ȥȥݵѾ
Ѿҡͷ˵ûƼ
һԣͬҪȥݵѾ۾һתͻȻڣǰȥιʳʱ򣬼̳ˡ
ңˣߵģȥˣ
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ұǿôңͲû˺ˣﾹҪȥ;˾߶
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Ŷ÷ԣզˣ
Сϱ巢ֵ£Լӽһ¡
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Ŷ÷۾һתԺﺰһӣϹôֻһˣԴ¶֪ôǹ֡
ԺŶ÷ۣڵƳƳˣ岻ûһ۵òУǰɡ
Ŷ÷ԣŶҵе۾һʣզôףǲûιڼզҲιιҲǷȦéˣȥˣ
ӣȥģ¡ѾιѾͷûιãȥ򡣡
Ŷ÷Ļ۾ȻһȻֹͣ׷ʣȣžܡ
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ôϲɣôɵײİˡ
Ŷ÷Ŀڽ
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ɫ𽥰£ϼӳ棬ӷ紵Ʈɡ
ϵˣѾȫչʯ̲ϵңӢվԺ⣬ںڵ۾ŹǱ߳·
Щţþü˻ӢСüͷһС߻صԺүүôû
Ϳʼ䳤ʱ־ֵѧǲҹ·ߣڣȴܲ㣬ϻؼˡ
ǰ죬硢磬ʱؼҵģڣûлȥǵİְ裬ҲӰĪ·ˡ
СŮ⣬شݺݰ˿̣Ҳ˵ġ
ͷչ󣬾һϢң磬ܱ󼸸ֵܻ𣿡
ͬģӦûҪǻˣɩӦûǡ
˵ɣ˶٣϶ȥӣ˵һ£ȥ·Ͻӡ
һüһ񣬱ȥ˹Ǳߣæ
һֵܣҪȵϸʹҺ嶼Ȳ˵ǰľŵֵ̫һֱûȥ˵£ȴһ춼ˣϱȫûһ򣬱֪ˡ
κͷȥˣûӵȷеϢɵġ
ԣȥ
嵽ңΪ鸴ӣֻӣŸ˽
֪Լֶ£붼û룬һתȥ˰Ѹͷ˼㼱𱼳塣
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϶ղں˵ɶأȥˣ̫վǰŲʹ۾ԺƳһۡ
ûɶղ˵ɽǱмֱİŪ꣬ȹʮٹס¹ȥˣⲻҲȥæ˿̣ٳ˸ɡ
ײֽٹףٵԢ⡣ߣδ׼ײģʲôɻ¡
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Ҳ˵ǰҾ͸£ڣ̫׷ʡ
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ţãˣŪŪӦ£̣Ȼȥˣ˷˯ɽкüأûô
˵ţ̧ţ׼ʯ̲Ǳߡ
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ߵȥһƣʯܱëŲæﱼ
ëӣզûӵƼȥֵܴܼܣֻܱëһһ⣬һá
ˣֵܳȥȴֻһǳˡ
壬죬󲮰æ֪ͨһ¹ˣôȥɽҴܱëһ壬·𿴵˾ǰ㣬æ˵
Ҽأ죬ȥҼң·ϸ˵˵ɽǱ߷ɶԣæ
ܱëһתʯ̲ȥȥ󣬼ûϣּæ˳һֱӰ
壬Һͱ󼸸ȥˣڻɽ棬˶ɽܱëڴ
һͻ㵵ʣɶ˭ģ𣿡
ô֪ǱɽģأǰӦ˿
ܱëĨһѶͷϵĺˮƽΰĶƼˣǸȥʱΰڴɽĵطޣͱ壬ȫѾɽȥˣڣɽǰ϶ʬĵطֶָҵҲˣԻô˰æһȥҡ
ӣڻɽС࣬ΰĶӣǡþͺܴһ࣬ȥ˵ʱΰСϿ޵ϡﻩһʣ֪ԭǴ˸ɽˡ
˵Ĵһɫ£ͷϴ˸ñӣ˿̲ΰ˵ʱڻؼ·ϵǿ״ʯ϶Դ϶ͳиȫ̵ˣȻ͵ؽɽ¡
ʱɵˣһֱǸɫԶŻл㱻عҲΰӱŵû֨óȻɽľˡ
ܴǰ˰ʬĵطʱյģ̫ˣŰĺӣôµ֣ɱˣɱˡ


26 
ܱë۾Ѫ,ҧгݵ̫ݣ壬һ,˵ʲôܾôŹͷ
Ժӳ֣ܱë̵ġ
ܡǽ𣬵ʲôԹŴͳ,ҳﺢӳ֣˵ʲôĹġ
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սۣ֯쵼ǼҺܹգڽͽܹͺ󣬾͸ǰ˹ȻҲôù
ȥ˹֣˼Ҿ߳˻ƣѾǽʡҾ߳ĻƲˡ
ºӣܱУϵڱ
⣬ô죬֪ˣ֣⣬һ˫Ũü˳ӣȻǼòС
骣̫Ҷסףŵ
ǿ϶֪ڽʡ𣿡һȦ벻취̧ͷ骡
骲_һۣ֪Ҫȥ
Уȥʡһ˵Ǹ취һţҪȥ
骿Ҫ鴤һ¡
֪ҪΣָ֪Σ骶ſŵˣæһ䡣
ǣ˵ɶ죿ſһȻһ٣ͷʡ
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ָܹųһƳڶԻһ¡˺۾ͷڵϵһۣ׼쵶ն飬ɴֱӵ顣
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ǮϱһＸˣʱЪ
ȴʱͷ֮״񣬺˫ۣյһվһԣųȥ
ܹŶӣЩġ
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ӣӣŰզˡ⣬Ǯϱĺߵļ
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ⶼʲôŶ̫ˡ
ܹһǷ߽Լҡ
һȥľľګګ˴رߣǵ۾ﻹˮﲻþúܡ
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ԼôģҲߣ˵˾䣺ϱȥ˯
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ϣӣޣҪѡ񣬷Ҳּˣ۲Ϊˡޣɱޣ޶ӡ屾Ϊ£ܷš
һԼӿˣȶŵöˣһһһæܹߡ
ⲻãһ䲻ľͰܹӣŵȥˡ
ɶأҪˤˣô졣һܹͶ֣žһĵıϡ
أˤˡ屻ϱˣҲһƨرߣܹ˳˳ɱţۼǶҪôۼҿɾɢˡ
ȥͳɡ尲οһϱתͷö뿪
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˵£Ҫ˯㿴ǵ㣬ǾȻȥˡѱӷŵϣܹ˵һ䣬ȻҲܹͬͬ⣬ͻݡ
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ܹҲ˲ˣӣֳ˳պһļӴ骹ϵķƳۣûĵ¡
ˣ־£־Իȥ˯ⴲ˯
ô󣬶ӢӸոպãҪټӣͷӻ˯̤ϰ
־ֵܱ֧֧ȥﱧԼıӻݡ
̣Ǯˣ㣬ǳԡӢǸĵϵͳһһ׵ģһϴͰԼСǮǮȫ˳
ϴθˣҸ˸һ飬Ȼʣ˰˿飬ʱ飬һʮһǮȫǳԡǮһӢͺԥȫƸܹ
ܹӢⷬˣر˺˶еز٣
ʮһ飬٣һǮԺҸϣ̲Ӣˡ
ܹسСŮػԼˣղ˵Ƕţ
Ӣ飬һ顣
ܹתͷͬе𾪵ˣǺһЦۼңӢӲץǮְ
һֱΪŮЬģ룬˶ʮǮˡ
ЬôǮ
û˵˭ЬҰ
˻ʮ飬ɶֳܵһµĹˡ
ҭҭӣۼӢӳϢˣϢǺúǲϢ۶˾ǡ
ܹ𣺡ԣˣˣôôɡԺǺǴôҲԹͷϡ
ӢĲƴڻܹǿǻȥϿûôˡ
˵˻Ự˯ȥ
˵עǸߵҹ
ܹȻûôˣתߣǱ߾͸˵ˡ
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΢΢ʱͳҲݡ
۾ףһ㲣һͿ޵ò٣ҲǷϣ۾ﲼѪ˿˶ԥ۵ƺѹʲô
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ִŵĿܹ
ܹǻط󣬾ͲѾ֪˽
ģƽúܣһû𣬵Լɣֲܺһӡ
Һӣ˵ģȻҪԺӵ£Ǿܵġܹ鵭û䵽ϡ
Ժһúýġ
ͷ
ҳһţ飬ֲؿųȥ
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ų޵òεӣӲģԥˡ
һϣ˾ɡֻҪԸúúӣǰ£Բȥ׷
ܹ𣺡㡭Ǻǣʱ򣬻֪˭˭ء
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˰ˣôţôŰɡ
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ĸӶԻĳŵȥ
£˵ȥҲͬһ˶˿Цһϣ˽
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ܹţ⽨ʣµǮƽֵָܣܹӦˡ
ҪǵļұһֶԸͣʳûǮҲֻܹҪͳɡ
ּҹּңȴ̸ã꿪ʼÿ궼øǮʳ
ҷֵ˲졣
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ҡͷ̾û¿ˮƵģѳ¸˵ˡ
ʵĲǳ£ǸûϢĶӡ
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ҲˣűҴһٵƨɻʹţֱѹһ١
忴ԼҲűⵣ·Ǳߣ̶ζЩ
СӣȲ㣬û󲮺ܹģٴ򣬴úá
мҹϵͶҷּҾлɣҡڴֶӣܹ˼䣬ô¡ܹյûţֲܸ˵Լͷˣýôֻ࣬˵ּң徲Ժֵǽ
ܹ飬ΪǳǸ¶裬ɶء
߱Ͳãܹ𲻸ˣɶҲˡ˵ʲôĶУ̫Ҳͳֳȥ̤ҵš
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29 
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Ҳ֪ܹ߲Ҳ˵л,ֳȥһˣٳ߶,ѧֻ£ϵĻ,ﶼûӰ
Ȼųֳ,ʼղ,µأڼʱ,ͳ˵
˿ţ˸ƺûʲô仯ɱ˺ѹ˿ڣˣҲ˰̡Щ,Ƿ˱仯,ֱֻ仯ʱû˿ˡ
ܹٹ,ڼ,ҲᵽǣϿûɶ,ȴ֪ﲻþſء
׵ּܷܵҳȥ,ֻǮ,Щⲻȥ,׼Ҿߵģܹ鲻ѣҲҶˡȦ¥ϣǰĳ¾ɼҾʰһ׳ȥ¡
Ҳ鱬󣬿ʼ˵ˡǶ;棬骶ɵġ
ȻҲǴӽʡ֪࣬ͳһ·ˣ˵£Ӧأ骷ǷҪһ롣
Щ䣬ܹԱòãӢСģڼҶǶ塣
ܹȥÿһڵɻ񣬻ؼҺܻᷢһ
ԼĶӣвۡ
˵ȴ۵òС
Ӣ̱ǰ̺ģ£Ű̸
ߺ̣ȥ˹Ǳߣͻ񻪺ˡ
Ǹ˼ϸĹӢЬʱ£źۼһʣʳԭ
ʵҲ˵ʳģӢû
Ӣ񻪺ͱ˲һصļ⣬˵õһ
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񻪲µ︡졣
Ӳ£Ƕʮűģʱ⣬ҪȥҽԺͣȴ˶ʮĶӲġ
ʱֵͦģ廹ΪҽԺˣ뾡취׷麢ӵĸǱ߳ͣ⺢ӵ
Ҳֵ̫󣬳ۿסˣŸ¶ࡣ
֪ż죬Ҫҽӣ˵¹ǲģ˶ʮ꣬뺢ӵĸģ
Ϊ˸βҵȥʡǱҹ־ԣ־԰æ־˶ʮ
ӵȻˣͳû飬պŹڹȻĺӣģúϰǮһծ
ǰͷһ꣬عУڹ԰壬ģǳڻ
ڳϣ񻪸ӢʲôֻĬĬ˵
ϾǵˣҲ壬ﵽЩʲô
񻪲֪ʵܶ£Ӣһɲǣ˱仯
ֱ仯ûкۼȴʵʵӰˡ
һӣûϵͳﴩԽӢɵˣ骴ܴȫڷɵŮϡͳ±ʱӢڽʡǱߵҽԺ飬ϣùŮָû˼ܳ¡
ûעȻȥ顣
ûе飬֪ĺӣġ
ӵȷɶҲ֪ôģ£Ҫ䵽ͷϣǵһʱͻͳˣɵһߣˡ
ǰƣļ٣ԽȡӢҲЬˣΪʻߣЬˣʱЬеȥǣСһȥ͵ʦ׼һѧñ
ñɱЬֵǮһñëǮΪũ˲ࡣ
񻪶Ӣһ㶼˽ֻҪӢѧͽ̡
Ӣ˵УϱӣСûн֪ȫʮٴ骺󣬴ġ
ⱲӣнӴȴǴϲЦֿɰС
ԣӢ˵ѧñûκβ˽ͽһ̵ر棬ˣǮͱ֯ñջñҪЬӸӣ˱֯⣬רҵߣ߻еˣӢѧһܣָ˺öۣûһñ
ԼѧɰԱ߿˸ȫ̵̫־ѧˡ
һһ٣ӢҪѧˣҲ۵ģЩˡ
ӢǸϵͳȻצצʹǱǹӾѧȥ
ûгãӢŤŤһñʱ񻪴ȥıۣҹˡ
һ죬ݺ˿ϰԼñ׹߶˽ݲϴѻһñӵӢȥձѡ
ˣϼȴ죬ӢûȥѧñӣΪ񻪸ԤϽ۵ĹߣñӣҲûʱ
Ӣˣ۾¶ʧ
ǰ¹һ꣬Ϻöɳʯ¶ϣӢСǶץϣɴҲ¼ȥ
ι˼ѼƽʱЩѼҲͳԵݣûɶʳιǣڣСǾͻɽȥιǣǳԺõ㣬¼
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ɶأ춼ˣؼҰɡܹЦЦӢ֡
ӢһЦȣߵߵسܹ˹ȥ
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ŷּʱһӵˣɶ£Ǳ߶֣޵òԶҪæˣ͹壬Ҹɩæ
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Ϊ˲骱˼ҵ˿˽£ӡӺӣйУѧõģ񻨡
ﶼ֪񻨣̳Ķ֣ǻĻÿԣϱһ£Ҳͼֲˡ
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ܴ죺ֲ̣ôվأѲ㻹ϴ
ܴ̣˵̫
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컹ܹһ磬Ͼˡ
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ܹûصҼûա
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ܴһ϶ʱΣҲûŵɶԼֵ𣬴ȥ׵ʱҾ˳һ˵ϱǰһֵܰæҾߡ
ܹһǺЦˣҾ˵⼸ʲôأ£ǳͰۼûйȥ顣
ܹ˵ţٿһվܴƳݣܴǰſȥţ骾ͼѴŸϡ
ˣٶر죬Ÿȥ
æֵﲻɣһͷñҴ棬ܴ콹š
ж£̶ԸӦе£Լ취ȥ±ô±ܹܴĻЦˣкһӺͶϱͽ˯ȥˡ
ǰŸսݣţ³µܴ죬ͰһסԼ
ֻǮϱżɿĵ£ŸԹһվſڣϻѼºӵӡ
ҹģл갡ٳŲٸһӡǮϱòɡ
ģŮأŮ˾ܵϹŵǮ϶˻ȥޣŮ˸ҵŮûꡣ
ܴ챻Ǯϱһӣȥһתͷ£ƳǮϱƵڶ
ܴ켹һɶû˵óһµʯ̲ӡ
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谡Ǯϱôţղţզôأ
ֵһ죬ڰȥգոӾͳţȥ˸
ϣҲûƭܴ죬ȷ˻ȥһשΡ
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ǰţܴˣΣĲܹ𣬶ǸڵǮϱ
Ǯϱǰѻ𻹱أǮ϶û⣬¶ûûˣĻ˰ܴһ£µ̨ϣһڣͱǮϱĻˡ
ܴ벻û취ֻܻҸʵʵ˵Ӷٻ壬۾ģȻûֵãǱɶ
ֹ죬˸ϼգӢ𴲲ܹ˵Ҫһȥۡ
磬񻪴ۣľͰˮ͵Ƚȥأˮźɻˣ˵ˣźɻһϼ
źɻ˺ܳ躢ӣ񻪸ɵЩ£ڱĴǶܶǲҵ˺ӣȴ֧񻪵ЩݼڣţӢһ𵷹ĵСѾͷҲϲòС
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ۡǺǣⲻҪǮܳԽĶ˭Ը򰡡
ܹӢҲûɶ£ӢϽ֣նһ£׼һȥҲȥСŮô۵ģŹȣƸ
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񻪾ϽЬñӣ֪ĸضʺϰ̯żˣ߹հ˹գѵضչվ͹ضΡ
ӢԽ󣬵Ĵʻ򣬵һϷ룬ڶǲߣξǻأĻ СѾͷ͸С̫̫һһԱߵʯϣˡ
ǹؾŵӣѸܹ壬һһ֪զˡ
񻪿ӢһЦתͷܹү̣Ӣӳϼҵı¨ˡ
ܹһʱͷųСѾͷ¨СͰ͵ӣҲ֪ﴥЦ㣬ǺһЦӢӣ㲻ΪҸضţȻͼ˰ɡ
ţҶ߱ˣ϶ˡӢͷ
ܹüͷСŮ
ϼգǴնѵӣûɶҪģҲϽϹһ£ߵĶٲñ¨˶౳¨࣬˵߽߱ǽǣСѾͷ˱˵ĴǰҲпܻἷġ
аɣţȻҪ˵˵ţܹͰźɻ񻪳̯ӡ
ǰ̯ӳϵˣҲ½
߶еĶʲôϡȱ⣬Աۣȥɽ޶Ұۣûꡣ
ûζģϴ󣬿Ÿ࣬һϵ㰾ĺǣζˬڡ
ϣ۵ľӢһң￴˶ϡĲС
Ϊֶûⶫģⶫǲ⡣
񻪺ܻᶨۣǮһ롣
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ʱر磬ʮһ㣬һʼʯϵӢ·˱¨ײײȥҲסɴ˦С첲һǮ
ʵۣܹźɻǳԾġ
ǿɶģˣȥɽ޶Ұıѣһ겻ˣҪǮܳԵĶ˭Ҫ򰡡
붼û뵽򣬶Ļرࡣ
Ͱأôˡ
˾ϲĲУӢ񻪣ǵСǮǮ
Ϊ˷ǮǮʱ򣬾ͰǮŪģòС
ӢСڷŵ˵飬顣
ۣͰۣôϾ飬ټ񻪽ģ²öʮˡ
񻪣ˣһʮһˣСӢӣǮˡ
ʮһ˵ֱҵӢκ
æ꣬Ÿոʮ飬첻ôࡣ
ȻǮһ񻪽ģӢǸ˵۾
ܹźɻŮָͷ㣬Ҳˣһֱ̯˶ûܻع
̣̣Ҫ԰ӣӡ̯Ӣ۾һתͳԱߵһҰӵꡣ
ǮˣԼ
УԼǮܹлعϡüͷһ˵
̫̫ͷӻûҰӢӲǸгϢġ
߻ûƨأǮһαһζ࣬ԼŮ˼ҹŮԴϣôģզôء
ղôǮһξˣˣϼӳ
źɻҪָͷ㣬ء
ӢܹĻ۾˦С첲ȥӡ
Ӣϰ߳Զʳʱ򣬼ÿ˶ˣһȫӣҲûԣ׼ؼҵϸǷѧˣ˳ԡ
ðӣӢܹһ֣Ȼ׼ؼˡڻȥǰܹȥ磬һǡ
۵̯ӣ˼ҹŮŮһ𵷹ĳġܹźɻղ˼ƺûѾͷǵ£Ȼ˼Ҷ֣ȻҲǶӵ¡һһ룬κ˼Ұǵ¸еʱ۵ĺǣ͵ԼҰ
СŮıѣҪͽһµβ꣬ͷһҳһκǣСѾͷ
ϼգ˶࣬Ÿʻµĸ壬ûͨ磬Ĺ㲥Ȼû취ʻ򣬹߾ϰ˳øϼգù㲥ȣӣ֪ͨ顣
Ҳһһ磬Ĺ㲥ȶڽУŴעׯʩʣз档˵ˣһ֮ͻȻһ֪ͨ
֪ͨһϵ˶ʱˡ
ֻΪղ֪ͨøӣ³֯ĳԱۿ˷оִе¡
ʻ˷£ȥǿ͵С󣬾һֱûȥ
ԭҲ£ɺǱֳˣҸǱһˣ˵ңڿϰϴңŮǣ
Щˣץˣץ˷Ӻȴһֱûģôùȥ羹Ϣˡ
оִС
ɶ˼ѲɣͷûŮһǹӣҪϹ
̫רҵũ¶
ӢˣִУڹִС
ͷӵоˣһǺǿһġ
֣Ϊɶִǹ磬ǿֱִܵеģզλطˣ


31 
֪ͨ,·͹һˮʱڿˡ
֪ͨû˵ִеɶ,һȥ·ϣ¡ܹźɻ·ʱҲ̸¡
ڻǰ,ȥ˵ûŮ˵Ļһ·,һͺܺá
,Ȼ̡
Ǻĸε,͸̣ôⶼʲô,սЩ갡ҹ컯ɱˡ
ޣá
һСʱһ˾ͻص塣
һȥ,ӻƽ,־˲,ȻﶼѾ֪˹֪ͨ,Ա¡ߣ˵Ļӡ
Ͼ,ˡҾ֪ζǸʲôз
ͷǼرǿ,˶Ӹ,ȫϣǹеĻˡ
,ŶⰤǹӵǿ
һӱǹˣͺ͸ڶһȥҪһͷ
뵽ͺӣìܵúܡ
ìܣҾ͸ìˡ
ȥҧƽѾˣˣڻٳʲôһɴλʱ֪ҴϢСӵǾȲˡ
ϴ϶ֵڳúܣ˰ߣԺôȢϱһָȥء
üչϼˣִҪϢʹֵܸˣҵˡ
˵ҲԼΪҼĴ򼸸ŮǲѹŮ˿ëǶ˼ҡ
⼸ˣڴë
ǰڼңŮﻹԵĲˣԲǻô£ӶץôʱˣϱȴڼĴŮ
ֻҪһ⣬Ů͵Ҫӡ
ƽҧˣû֪Ѿɵģ˵Ҳǰֻҧ˵ɱˣĸ᲻ɱΪûʱɱҲϼǮǱŵûطȫ˼Ůϡ
Ѿ࣬⼸ŮûӵĴĥ䵽ϡ
ǮˣӢȫ񶼱Ǯռˣ˵ûȤˣһ͸󣬴ڽ˼ңȻŷǮ
ʮһˣֱӰǮ԰룬ŸӢԼҳĺǮûп
õһǮӢɸˣ۾гСǮҡСԴһΡ
һöһöˣСѾͷˬģ·еƮ
񻪳ģЦҡҡͷ
ʱ䣬ǿˣСӢӾǸԣֻ֡
ǮӢ񻪻ӻ֣ȻŲģıʯ̲Ǳߡ
ȥ󣬾ͷ䵹񣬰ԼСľǮȡȻʼԼĴ
ÿϸˣ󣬷ԼϽ۵Ǯʮ˿ˡ
ûͣʮ˿顣
Ӧֻжʮģϴ֪˸ǸǮ󣬵ڶ죬ͰѸǶǮˣȻСǮ
յʱ˵ĲõǮҪ˵ӢǮԺļױû򼸸û
־ֵܣ˵죬ؿڱ֤ԺٲҪõǮҲôױ
ʱ̹ڼӢֺϽһαۣ³͵ˡ
ũ³ţɲɣһţѧУٵӣ죬ӶĻȥĶȥˡ
ҼˣӢܹûȥ
ܹһ䣬Ѿ֪ҵĽ֣ӢܹȥġܹСӣ۾һЩãȥЩ
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ⳡǹˣ겻ѡ
Ĳ⼸ˣǷµ¡
ֻ˿ڵֻһӶǣȵк󣬴Ҳ֪ԭҲסһֻ
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ʱҺӵ˵װףźʮ꣬˺öˣ˵ʻǱߵġ
ǣŴߵˣӡ
ⳡ˿ڷУҪȥ㣬ر£ңȻ˵ġ
ÿӿˣͻȥ֪ͨңʱǿְŪߣʱͷװƭ˼ƵĹƭû˵ĵطʡ֡
һʼΪӵ˿ڹʡһץʮ˷ӣʮ˷ӣûʲôǴӷȫǹӡ
ӱǹ󣬵磬ܱҾϱĺ
ﷺᡣһŶƣȥܱܱһ
ܱھϣҲˡ
޵úãȻ
󲮣ҺްҵİҺúӣôǸˣǾȫˣҲ˲ͷĺޡ
Ҳ֪ǲǾͷܱ޵ñϱġ
ôСԺӻţڣһԴɵˣһ·ȣһӸɲػ£ɲػôⲻǶǻ·𡣡
ϱ˵ĻҲһĬĬᡣ?
ҳ˿̣Ŷ۾ӣƳϣѾ˵ܴ
ѧղҶ˶̶̶̻Ҷʡ
ϵĴѧգյ̧ͷ
һԣΪĵܱӣҲٿؿҡִٵܶϣ۾ҡ
ұ˫۾ţ̣˹˵·ǱȲ˼ңģֲֵֻһ
ܱ󣺡󲮣㣬ɶ⣬˵ڲģֻԺҺͺˣԼͺá
ңȣֲ֣ҲͷȥҪҪͽܡ
ܱϱһҾܴѧľ۾ʱˡܴ˫ľګ۾Ҳɲǻָ
ңֻȥ˵˵ղգǾ͵ÿˣоӦմҲ·ҽ˵·ÿԼҿ󣬾һֱţûզ·߲·ģҲղˡ
ܴҵĻæүһ£ºһǰ·
ۣҲ
ܴˣũ壬Ѿܵˡ
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ڣܴȴôˡ
Ϊүָһ·
ûȫϣá
ҿڿ˿ڵܴЦŵ˵ͷ㶯ҲûùɣֻҪ˫ָܻ·ͳɡ
˵һתܱ󣺡ԴֽţúҪ˴ѧ󣬿϶ҲҪ紮ģľȻˣʱҲ̧̧̺õ㣬ԺڴߣػҲ˼Ҽֿڷԡ
⻰һܱʱ˼
⻰һɲǼˡ
󲮣лл㣬лл㣬ֻ˼ңŻôΪۼҴ㣬һúýǸɵӣҲ̳ɸɸɾӵɵӡ
ܱ󼤶סҵ֣м
⣬һ½ӵ⡣
ղ˵ģģֻԺͺãǴѧֵܵգǿ϶ˣԺ󱣲׼Ϊգϱ
˼ңӣϱɽײҲܰˡ
ҲһֻҪӣСڿ죬׽Ժ϶᲻
ҵͷڿЩʰɾһЩԺǳһҲˣȱţѧյĺӺܶ࣬һֱûɿڣҲ֪Ǳͬͬ⣬Ⱥ˵˵ˣǾ׼ʦ񣬴ȥʦ
ũˣջҲдУ˾ʦǽ̣Ҳ̵ֻƤëֻпͷʦˣŰԼ־
ȣģ˵˭Ҳ˵
ţˡҰѱǿھƺܼ꣬ҡ
ܱӣһֱͳԺӣĿԼңŹԺŽݡ
ǿϣܼͷһµɢȥӽŲٲǰôˡ
ү˵Ļ˰ɣȣɡܱߵߣͷŶԳ̲һȡ
֣һܴ۾ܱ֤
ܱŶ˲ٵĶӣοͬʱòУţֵָĹȣ
ܴһص˵ͷ
ܼ߿ϣƼ£ǱߣȴǶòУΪ֪ͨǣȥ;˾ˡʬ
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ϱôû̧־Ѿıϴȥ
ѾڲŲǴֻᣬһܿˡ
ԳԳԣԲ㣬ûģûأ֪ԡ
Ѿ£˳ְԼİ׷ŪһЩѾѾѵõģһ죺ҿǶԲ£ҾͶһ㰡Աɻ
ˣ㻹ԵȥûġƽʱƨһѾһ°ѿӣĵϣ۾Ѿ
Ѿ·ûг㣬߸Цҳˣͦ˵ģɶԲ·
ŮĶ죬۾һתİһѾѾô˵ء
ѾŶϴ۾֨ˣͷ°ķ꣬Ȼ·룬¨Ժߡ
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ѾͷҲֳҪ˳ˣ˵л
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˰ӵʬû壬ɽڸӣȻϱ͸õĹײģ̧ɽϣʬһװ͸ˡ
ʱذûݡ
ӣǲˡ
Ѿ٣ʯ˲ںˣС
סںӱߵģﺢӼˮǲᣬҲỨ˼Ѻӽ̻ᡣ
ô˭Ҳܱ֤ǻ᲻ԷһˮˣٵȥˣԼ
ӢˮûȤȤǮ
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ϴñۣӢ֣׼ؼȥˡ
̤˼ңһ䣬ͼǱߵᣬһ黨СȹӣЦӯӯشլ˳
㣬ˡһᣬӢϵʱСС
Ӣӣ²զءῴӢܹһţͰСѾͷˡ
ӢЦеߣȥǶλ˶
ɶӢжС۾ݵˡ
ƯСȹӣޡᱧӢתߡ
ˣͳҲһ٣־䡢־ջдܻشˡ
λһͺӻشӰæŵ㣬׼־ȥֳ
ǰãܴŶ÷ԣᶫǱһĹ˼ܴģ־ЩȢϱ
˵ָ־ɳϢԣ־ȢϱȢܴеϱ
Ŷ÷ܴǹӾһˣһУ¡
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ȻֻʱãҲûлתֻҪתˣ־ԺҲǹˡ
Ǿ仰ҼҶбľҼܴ죬Ҳìأֻûڵˡ
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32 
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ֶȥ﹤룬󲮵Ȼˡ
Ҳڹϣܴ϶ݲʦݲ˾Ͱݲ˰ɣͷ룬ûʲôʺġ
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ӣЩߣԼģͷӸֻҪܰѻ͸Ҳҵɡ
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˵껰ҲȾˣ̾ȥܱҡ
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һѣܴˣ֪ԼĴжѣѧر棬һѧһḶ̌Ȼֻ칦ʳ¯ʦͽҲദĲ


33 
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죬ʻ緢һ֪ͨ˵¿һҼҾ߳,³йҪеľа˹,ǻơЩ
֪ͨһӱȥС
ȥˡһʼƸǰźõ,˶Ҿ߳¼ȡ,һ˼Ҿ߳ľʦ,һ˻ơ
Ҿ߳йʻֻ¼ȡ,ӣһҲľӵġ
˱¼ȡ󣬵һʱ,ǻ֤,׼ѻǨҾ߳ȥ,˾ʼ칫
,õϢ޲Ľ
ũ壬,Ժµؾʳ죬йã,ǳͷˡ
ӢҲΪְˡ
ں۾ЦһС,СβƵ,һֱ賤̵ģռ
ְֺ߳ũ壬͸߳ũҲԶˣ֪Ҫĸ￪ˡǴԴԲλᣬţҵĺҪˡ
ͳͳˡ
裬ͰְҪǮԺҺ͸ǶҪȥ飬ҪööǮǲһ㣬Һ͸硣ΪԺĺӣϵͳھͿʼְǮˡ
ΪɶҪǮĸ￪ţأҲбǮܷչ
񻪽ǮԽԽˣշıˣ񻪽ߣԴˡԣְһҪǮ
ӢӣҪȥˣͬڰæʰܹӢĻװĵʡ
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СŶզô˵ءܹ𶺺棬ȴӸˡ
һԣ骿ŹŮţЦһչӾ㿴ˣȺǴ㣬ҺҲڳﰲٺˣ˷ۼҾȫȥ
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ǣܹǰɨƨɺСβͣǺݺݲ
ܹɨأ׼ɨȥŶ÷ˣһͷͷԺӣ·͡

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ŲӣŻڲŮЦҲǣҲǡ
ܹǻû˵ȲСӢӣСӢöܵܲƽˡ̫šһļڳűߣһ߲ˣһߴȤϱ
ܹţ񾹻ԼˮСѾͷЦãţְɨػɨһ顣
С˾զģôء


34 
Ӣˡ
Сצצڶͷϸһ,ѧ˦ˮ˦һС֣ҲŲС˾ڸɻ
ܹ,˳ְӢϵСͷȡŵһԣȣ͸,òɣ̫ժȥ
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ȵȡĪǳ治ҵ֣


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ڴɻ̳һɹɵľӺ͸ľ
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ѾӺľˮݵ˵ϸһѬ⣬Ȼˮϴɾĭ
Ū⣬תͲ˵̳ͷˣŰѴͷҲɲĭӣ󿴾ӺľݿˣˮҲˡ
׼ãܹʼջȹˡ
ȵ̣һյľ֣վ̨ǰʼæ
ﶪ˿Ϳ飬ͺĭ﷭һŲˣͬͷˡӡľĭһ𵹽˹˼ӣһưˮȻϹǡ
ľžš
ûãͷܹƿǣ迪ˮеʱֶ˴ۣȵ
ȵȫӾͳˡ
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ڳżϷӢСһʣеʳʱӸ
С۾һݵתͷ
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ԣٳԡӢӶ̣ŶĲ棬
棬һƬеʳߴϰ߳棬ö˼ҵ죬ͻ档
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ܹСϴֿƵģˣΪ˲ŮٵȣԲŪһ»ûЩˮտ档
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Ǯ϶ǲ˯һײȥɲɣպþײǮ϶ӡ
ҹģ˯ɶأǮ϶Լϱһײѣ˵
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ҲϱҪҸҰӣǲҲġǮϱ˷̬ܵˣбûһš
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Ǯϱ⻰һǮ϶ԺԴڼˡ
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٣Ӣϵĺܣۣһ˫Ьûд򣬵񻪣ñЬͷģһٶæòС
񻪻ֹƷԴӢƫ˲ñҲͷֻܼԼĲЬЬ֮࣬żС¨ͷ»ܶһȥŷ硣
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ȻǮˣܹܸˣܹӢһССͣһϳɵϣСŮһ㣬ԣӢͱˡ
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ܼԺܱŶѧգȥɽŪ˲ľϻиһΪӴĸףܴʱһȱ
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Ӣûܴȥĳ뿴ͻؼҸãʲôС³ССľͷĳʽģȫ
ܴȵʱ򣬾ͻһ·һоӢСߡ
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Ӣһ裬͸СڵһһӾײ骵ĻȻһģ
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Ь㣬ߵܽݣСƨɣڹ﷭С׻ȹϡ
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ܹһĺÿе㲻ˣȥ̫
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ģռ޹ǻֱ֮
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骱ĪҲ仰û˵ϰ׼ߡ
ӣǲǺܸˣ
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Ƶӣ̼۾һɣ־骡
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Īǵ˲ɡ
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Ǯϱ˵ţװģߣ˰ӣƺֻҪܹһ£Ļȥ㡣


36 
ǮϱĽ,ʱ䣬ÿ˾ȥƽׯݣⶼô,ȴûͳ㵽һĵĸҰˡ
֪,ȴã߿϶֪
Ϲ˵ʲôأȥȥȥ,æ,ûʱ㡣ܹǮϱ,̧ž׼ݡ
ǮϱƿŲԸ˵ܹ,˶ţСŸϣ̯Ƶ
ӣզô۸,ﶼֵܴñ,ô̵ȥ,Ͻ˵˵,ǸҰ˭ҸҰ˺ϻô۸,ҸҰ֣ޣ۲,͸,Ҵ,ֲҼǮ϶ãǲܱš
һֻŸտżܹ𣺡
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ܹûϣګګʣô֪ġ
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˵˵㣬ƽʱһ˰ôڳˣҪ˵ͲǸС潸šŴڳԷܹ̫̾ˬúܡ
̫Ҳǽ֪ԭǸӣҵġ
δУȻһĲ죬ǲϲֲϲ̫̫װ׷ϣ̤Ǳ·ӵţΪּܹҷֵôҵףҲǺһϲδţû뵽м侹ֶ˵¡
ܹ̾˿ǻܲŰδǲ㣬Ҳ⣬һָɾ͵ñһåһⱲӾˡ
ҲãǼȻûˣûԺҲٻˡִҲˣҵóѻ𣬿쵶ն飬ġȻŮ˻һޣˡ
̫ͷҲΪˡģûùӵġ⼸죬ڴɣȻڳ಻壬ĻûԣɵԽãԽΣޣҲ¡
ţȻ˵˵ܹһеˡ
ΪѾӶˣҲҪ˼ɶˡ
ǰѹŵĿŵķˣˣ骵һ̸У˱Ū߳İ취
˵˸Գľ̸ȥӶǣȻˣȥӼҡڶҺˣ˵ڴл̫࣬Ŷۣȥüұܱܷͷȹʱ䣬ﲻ˵л˾ͻ
Ŷˣи߿
ھͰǰҳһȥüңǾĶ飬ȸ߿ٻ
˸ֹìأôֿ£¾ܳˡ
ܹ뵽⣬ж䵹жҳȻװ¨ˣԼ׸ףȫһ׼һȥüңµĿ
æЩֽݺͨ¿Ȼװ㣬ɱ¶ˡ
ûʲô󰭣ҪǹȱӢ鵽ſڱߣڶµ·ˡ
ӢһֱǸĵϵͳţСһһ׵ģһأͰɶûˡ
ʵ̫׷Ŵ򣬾¡Ҫˤ˳һƺûɶˡ
ڸͨԺʹˡ
ͷ˿ɴɴ߻˿Ѫܲã˿Ŷ
һͷһԡ
񰡣ȥɣ˻߶ءȥġܹŶģеᣬᣬϷҲݡ
ӳӲǰҲúͶˣۣڡ
ʱ򣬲ˣˣۣôûͷţ
ô𣿡ܹ壬ŵͷ̧ˡ
ܹһĵصôأֲǲ֪´ˡ
񣺡ȥ
ɶʲô˵˵㶼ʮüˣõô㣬ôôʡأ񣬻˺
ܹ𣺡죬˵䣬鲻á
죺鲻ãѵͺˣˣںˣɽӶ˵ǼңͲİ㲻ģҶġ񣬳Ƕô졣
˵ţ۾һɣ񿪿ڵĻᣬֵͳǺǻŮܲţҵҾʸܣҰѻҪǻҾͲܵܣԺҲҼš
һԣŮܹһӣһ죺졭
Աߣܹڹ˼Լһ죬ҧ룬飬Ҿͺ顣
˴꣬ˡ
һˤѹԳ롣
ôû뵽ǵ棬ΪҽڣԼΨ£һڡ


39 
һ,һһϵܹ쾪òС
ĸŮϲضһۣջߣһȫ,ƲƲ죬룬˵ú,ӣˣˮ,᲻ء
ûĻ,ζһ,ҡ
Ӣ֪ү̴ģһ鳶,Сһں۾ĵس񣺡壬үүˡ
ŵǻС,͵һ´ϡ
һ,ûվס
Сƭ,ղſͽ,ΪǺأӢһ,͵ؾ뵽ͽǲ
˭˵ˣ,,Һء,ˣͷϵôû󰭰ɡ
ϣŸôɵȱӵ壬ӢĻ󣬶ʱߡ
һŤһѳݺܣƫǿƵӣͷϵˡ
ڴ϶ĵ۾һ죬ѹֲסˡ

ʱ䣬Щʲô
ȫ˼˵ϣõܣΪŶˡ
Тˡ
۾죬׵رߣһ壬˵ˡ
忴û£û£ӢϹ˵ɴ˵ˣˣϼͺˣѹ㡣
岻ĻԽµĻˡ
;ãӢ˵Ĳģ㶼ڰοˡ
棬ܹ۾ڣ鳵ܵܡӣˣĸŮ˸ȥ棬ܹ˴Լ۾۾úģ˷䡣
񰡣֪ܣ£Ҳܣ˵Ҳȥ˸߿߿Ҫ϶Ǿ飬鶼ʰˣȻ˷ȥɣǱ徲ȥüҾĶɡ
Ҫͳ飬ߡٿȻ̧ͷ
̸飬ղżᶨ˲١
飬Ǹˡ
£˵ףΪѹԹ̫ġ
˵и߿ϣҪ
߿£֪ġ
˵ǴɩҴŪģǱǴɩĶһ˵ƫģϲӣȴ͸ϱ
Ϊľܾ˵Խ޿̣ˡ
һָңԹ㣬ͷϣ˻Խ˵ԽƽʱԸ˵Ļȫ˵ˣȻ͡
ͳѾûпܹȥˡ
ɣ
ܹ𣺡Ҫ룬ҲҪ񰡣һһ㣬ҺһӶûɵҺϵ

һſ˵ȥüҡ
ܹŲء
ܹһҪ˵æĨһ۾Ҫţָָ㣬ģȥüҰɣ㲻ڼңЩ˵ЪˣҪڼңָЦء
ܹĳһ۾ȥ
Ҫǻˣүȥüҽ㣬ʱֱȥ֤ͳɣʱ䣬ʱش壬ȸ߿ٻ
ڸ棬ȥԿڣȻͶȥǶɡ
񣺡Ѿˣߡ
ܹҡҡ֣ˣǿ㣬һҸү˵ˣүȥ
ƨ죬ΰѳһˣⳡϷͰ׳ˡ
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Ѷߣܹ嶼ݺ˿
ǰ鳸ŪˣûڣӶҪ˼ɶˣȻΰѳ׷²ܽˡ
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Ұ˿̣ҲҲɣĻڷƽׯ߿ڹϣسǣͱ
ܹüͷûж￪֤ȥģ
΢಻ǻؽʡȻǻسǵʱҸҽ򷢷籨Զŵ㡣ǷŸңҪȥһ֪졣
Ѿˣвǰôϣû֤Ҳǲȥĵطֻ࣬΢һ£Ͳµпܻȥĵط
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ӣһʼԼıİɣı˺ӣȻҸ˴ڻȵӳúӻسǡ
˵Գسǵ˼ɵó¡
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Ҵ̸Ǽʱͬ飬Цǵĵûˣټ⼸߿Ϣ̫ʢ¸߿ɶҲǡ
Ȼ߿ũûʲôϵͲס춼ڲ
ⲥöˣȻģ۵Ķˡ
߿ӢûһëǮϵżûڸϰ⣬û߿¡
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үȻûɶ󰭣ûȫָ߸ǰһ㣬ƫͷɲסģһһ£ȴҪߡ
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˵ɶɴϣҪߣӢүԣֻܵүСβͣŵϹ䡣
ӳ죬ܹҲԼҵﻺȻٵʱȥһ˼ң˺һ£ڳϵ¡
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һʼΪ壬壬嶼տյۼģȴûǼƨɡ
ⶫũ岻ΪҶ鲻̵̣ģ඼Ҷ̣ƨɣǴΪϵ͵Ļء
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룬˼һ춼죬һֻﶼûС
ˣ͵ˣ̫ôˣ²͵Σǵϣɴ಻ؼˣŰѲ񵶣˯ɽϡ
һ˯ͷΡ
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ӢҲǴЩ󺢵ɽǱߵµġ
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֪ΪɶɲǣӢʶ뵽ˣ̴ӳڳһŮ
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ǻżҸϻҲסң㱧ޣ˵ţʹ˯ǸɵӣúӸɵϡ
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ǵ
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ѾϱӣͱΣغҲûܼʲô棬ǹȫƾĺ֧ţʵڣ֪ôı
ֻ֪ҪҪϱȫŪԵĻôͶ㣬ϱӻĲҡ
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̸żҡѾˡ
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ִٵؿ۴ѾͻȻ;ãЩûˡ
Ѿ˭֪أ㣬㻹Сܼޣ취ܲ˵ˡ
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ȻһƽҲԼŪǮϣûǮȥҩɡ
бǣŪǮѣҪȥһˡ
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ѾŪǮˡũ壬ŪǮĻ̫٣ֲɣһ˫Ьȥɡ
ԣֻ취
ʱ䣬Ψһ뵽İ취ɽЩûͩ
ͩӰ˺һһڣҪǶһ㣬ϸǮԣ׼ýǶŪ㣬ǮˣԼ
Ǳȥ˵ģԼġѾǶҪôŰѴ޳ȥģǴľǮȥˣ˭Ҫ˵Ҿ˭ƴѾ˵ƴʱȻ
˵ͦ˵ģѾѾȫŵˡ
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ļһǴѾģѾҲڴѾ󳤴ģӸû취ʹѾȡ
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ѾãȻߣȥ
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⻰ǽӲˡΪǼȷѾ˵
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Ϊᶯִǡ
Ǻ̻һʹ󣬴Ҳ̫ۣ䵽ǹӴϣۣ۵ġҲѧѾҪܣǲҡ
óĬ
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Ϊܻ˽ʡߵ¾ˡޣ
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ʵ˵ܹڶɵġ
ϴθϻܹҪǷţˣһһдӹȫ֤Ȼ֤Уسǵһ£Ƿȥ֪졣
֤ţ֪죬˵ֵܣ޽ң޹ȴͽʡеź˿ˣһߵ񣬱źӻؽʡȥˣ֪æ֪ͨһ½ʡ֪죬˵ҳȫߵĻˡ
֪һ骾ô֤һʱ¡
ǣҲڸ˷֤֤ȷ¡
֤֪ͽЩʼȥ˽ʡǱߵ֪죬ýʡ֪ת˳㻹͵͵ȥţýʡ֪Ĳ飬˵Ǹ˵˭
һ֪֪֪ͨͨˡ
Ϊźˣƨ¶ûˡȴ֪ǰŸյʡţʡǱߵ֪죬Ϳʼ


40 
ܹ˵ͳ,һֱЦȻ,ǵġ
ʱ򣬴һ٣,ְ׵ӽ쵶ӳģһһѵĴ,ȴˬȥ
ǰǴ,ڰ,ˣǺ֪,ɶ顣
Ǯϱ֣ܹ⻰ҲֻЦ
ˣɽͽʡˣ,Ů,͸ôʰ
,Ӣ̵Ӧ,Сȣݺɽȥ
,̡ӢɤӣлƵģһߺܹ,һȥ
,,ءܹۣܹСѾͷæ
أˤˡ
ӢܹأܹɻĵطȻһͷϿĺˮСƨ̵ı¨ϡ
ܹСѾͷɻʣ㲻Ǻһͩȥˣ
Ӣ˿ںڵĴ۾̣Ҹɽϣ˵ɽǱлˡ
ˣʲôˣǮϱӢ˵ɽϵĻһ٣۳
ǮţҲȥѧˣ־ֵܲһڻɽѧ
ɽСѧֱֻ࣬һ꼶꼶꼶ͷʶͺѧ˻࣬ѧԴǸ⣬ԣɽÿһһѧȥ꣬־º־ԵѧͣŻɽûѧűȥϣٵһ꣬ӦҲҪȥɽġ
ΪǮţڻɽѧǮϱлˣʶͽ
ӢǮϱСӶеɫذԼɽϢ˵
Ǯϱʱģʣ׽𣿡
ӢСԴû׽˵ˡ
Ǯϱԣڵһæܹ֣˵һ䣺ӣæȥɽʣҲ֪Ұ·ӣһһĸκڵҲںϣǵ취ǸŪסС
ȥҪʵǵģǮ϶֣͡ӻ֣ǮϱϿȥ
Ǯϱϱ¨üģôʱͰ
˵껰˦Ÿ첲ֱɽȥˡ
ܹһֱûǮϱˣ۾ű¨ŵСѾͷߵܹǸ˵£
ӢСԴһ㣺԰
ǲǷɶӢôãܹҲСѾͷӡ
𼱻ǵ˵£׼Ƿʲô
˵ԼСŮͱе㲻һĶһܹ˵;СŮܴ󣬿Ǵ˿ûϸ˻㣬Լ뷨
˼ޣĻô龫ְûŴҪҪȣ޿־Եˡ
Լż˫˫һܷȥһһѵˡ
ӢʣѧƽʱӣС̣̣ȥɽһŮˡ
ܹеûףȻأ
ӢڳҲһŮˣǸ̻һֱɽ¡
СѾͷһ䣬ܹʱһ㣬Ӧ͵һĴȣǰڳǻŮô飬Ҵɽ¡
һģҲܹ˶ϵⶼŲ˲
ӢСüͷʣ
̺ͶǺ֣ΪɶһҪȣȥ۵ÿԼ
ߣߣүȥܹٿվӢ¨һװ׼ȥҡ
֣꣺ӣզˣ֪˭
ܹ𣺡֪ӦϹҴӳϾһŮ˵ȥģȴһֱһɽ£³Ӣӳǽд˵ǻˡҵʱûϣһ룬ȥɽľˡ
ȥɽɶ֣ɻ
֪ȥʹ˵һ£ǻҪûߣ϶д׷ȥܴˡܹѸٵĵƲϣ˵߱¨ȥҡ
ܹӢһҲûҵӰΪڼңȥ˹룬տҼңؼҵ־ѧ˵үӵ֪ͨȥ翪ȥˡ
˸գܹüͷѰ˼һ£Ȼѱ¨Ӣ׼һȥɽӳٰӢӵķ֣߻ɽǱߵĴȥˡ
Ӣɣںڴ۾̵ȣ̣ҲҪȥ
ܹſϵĺӣȥɶ
Ӣ죺ҷֵģҪȥ
ԽӢûɶãͰǵ¡㣬һתɶҲ֪ˡ
ͱͳ£ڶֵ֪ôףɶġ
ԣܴ
ܹСŮҪţɰɣǾһȥɡ
ﻹû߳ӣͼǱߣ˺񻪳ü˽ŵ񻪣ҲͬЩãüͷţһܷӡ
Ů飬ֻҪ۾ģܿ¡
զˣܹǹͣ½Ųĵһʡ
ûɶȥģ˺ҵ˼ǿ񣬴к
ܹ𣺡˵ɽǱ߿˷ӳûȥɽӳ򡣺ǡɻأ˵мûɻˣȥˣ
ĺˣ˵ˣ㣬Ūţʱ򣬿ɽݣ˼ߡ᲻֪һźɻ˼ɩӺѾûȥˡ
ǣ˺ҲûģǼңҲֻѾͷżӰ˺ͻȻ䣬ûӰˡ
ܹźɻãһᣬ˺üͷͼ
ɻˣסԺأҽԺ
ɶסԺܹһæʣôˣĲˣôû˵
˺üͷҲǲżģҽ˵ʲôԶ䣬ͦصģҽĻԺҪ̱ڷֵ绹ҽ
˵⣬˺Щ¡
ɻǺͷΣΪû˯ãҲû̫£Ҫ񻪲ţȥ飬ɻⲡǻֲˡ
ҽ˵ˣɻ۲ûɶΣգһḻܻ̌Ҫ˺ɻ
ֵ磬ҽ
ǰЩ꣬Ϊûӣɻ˲ίɻ֪ȴûѡһɻҪи̣Ұɢˡ
ҽ϶ҪҽǮ
ҽԺǮĵطһȥͿһңڼǮѲˡ
ɻҲʮ꣬·أ̱ˣԺջˣҽͺãҽͺáܹźɻҽŵȥ
˺ǿЦЦӣҾͲ˵ˣȻؼȥˡ
ܹһοҲ̫ֵ磬úҽ϶ҽõġ
˺˵ͷ񻪼ȥ
񻪰ϣСֵĺ󱳣֣еǮȸβɡ
֪ڳʲôѡʱ㣬ȥ飬һʼ׼ġ
ôණɲϹġ
βǮѾܵò࣬ǲҲ˶١
ǰЬ˲ʮ飬Ҳ˲٣ͷͲñӣĶ࣬رñһֵļȥһΣʮʱִ̫࣬ȥ
ñǮ죬ʱҲ̸࣬һ쵽ڰֻҪЩõ۸ñӾͳɣϱӵľñӣһñÿżñϻװΣרΪŮ˺ͺӱñӡ
ñӱȽֵǮͨñëװεľëֻʱǮ߰ˣϼǮӦǹ迴ˡ
ϱӣҽ̫ˣµʱ̱ġ
Ȼˣȴ겻·ò׻ָˣҲûʲôûɼҾˡְ֡
뵽˺Сֱϲ˲䡣
ְΪҲǳ걼ĴŮ϶ûҽԺ
ϱӣְûһĸⱲӣϣְ趼úõģܸһТǵĻᡣ
˺ŹŮĵĻЦЦûҪǮʱ񻪣ʱҺ̶ڼң˯ҪŹغãҪǺ£ȥ̲ǱߺӢ˯ȻȥҽԺǮȥǱ˵˵
˶˵ӺãҪ˵ŮȶӸãŮأôͺɻˡ
ôøŮⱲֵˡ
ɻɵˣǲŮĸء
ҡҡͷãҹغžͳɣְģһѼѼιõġ
šŮģ˺ĵ׵ķ꣬ЦЦɶҲ˵񻪻˼ҡ
һߣܹӢ˼ɽͷ˻ɽӣǮϱһʱǮϱͻɽӵĶԱϢء
ӣôҲˣǮϱҲɽܹ𣬲ʵ
ܹǮϱҾͲˣôɶ
ܹ𻰸ʳȥԱǺǮϱ˵Ůˣǻɶϣ׷ȥʱֻĸӰݾˣ⼸죬Ӱ˼ϣӰӶûص
ܹ꣬üͷѰ˼һ£ӣӶӳڼ֪ҸǶӳ˵˵ǻץǻˡ
֪ǻ˭ոϱؿܹ
Ҳ֪㲻㣬ҸоӦǣǰãҴӳڳİˣҲһŮŮģڳʱһֱһɽ£ҵʱû룬ΪǺ϶أ˵е࣬룬ϻɽĿ¾⼸ˡ
ܹѾӢϸһڳϵһŮô룬߰ҹɽˣǡ
Ǯϱ˸Թܹ𣺡զ˵ءأ
ǮϱܹòУϽӢӿǽϵдҲ֪ڻڲڣӣҪҪȥ
ոŮ˽ӻǮϱһתǰߣȥ򣬸㣬һȥϿҪǻڣҶţˡ
ҲɣõȻˣھͶະȥոϱһĴȣ
ܹ𣺡ǳɣȥæȥĽ
ܹĽ㣬Ǹһ޵ɽӵϽ㡣
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ܹϽ㣬ܹ߰꣬ŴĽѣӵʻĽΪøطһʻ򣬾˵ý޸һˡ
Сʱܹڻɽߣһʱ䣬һֱҵ˻ˣŸġ
ոϱ˵ͷɣȥŰɣҲù
ܹոĻ㣬û˵ɶ̧ɽ棬ɽһƬȥ
̣ڻɽզ֪Ӣ̵·ʡ
֪ԼиŵģĶȴ֪ûʱȥ˹ңȴûżң̲
С¡ȥʱһܹɽŴǼŶԺе¾ɵ߷
Ӣһȥûˡ
ȥͳͳûأȻˡ
ܹпŰ࣬һӾûһ찲ӡ
˵ţܹӢ鵽ϣȻңӿ㶵Ͱ͵һǮ
۵ص˵һǮȻŵ·ڴ׼ߵʱĽ㡣
Ӣͷ̣̣˵˵£զˡ
ܹ𣺡ǰ̹ûǻǵ˻ɽϵİ϶ĵİ϶ɽôûˡʱиŮˣ϶ˣⱧȥĶû֪ǰͷ̹ŵΪ˲۸ѡ˸ļޣ޵ģǰ̹׵ܵܡ
ܹ˵ԼĽ㣬۵òС
ҲûãûͽߣҲߡֻżˣ
Լ£ܹҲûɶñܻģ֪ӢǵĻԣֻҪЩӢģֻҪӢʣ˵
ȻأӢеţɫλţĹúܿࡣ
ܹ𣺡ˣ˶ӣź˷ˣڶ̹ⳡͻУžֳ˹Ѹ˶ˣ˵ſ˷򣬴ĥóʱ䣬һֱͷϵûˣӲźùһ㡣
˵ܹЪټ˵ȥˡ
Ǻأء
¿϶ģҪùˣ̾Ͳɫˡ
զôϲЩϹءС۾ǵŮܹ֣˵СѾͷԴ
Ӣű̵ţϲº⻹ŵĹأ֪
һϴǸӣ룬ȴǸȢϱģһ£Ҫּҡ
˵⣬ܹԽþ
ǸȢϱأҪּҡһӣƨļҡֳȥԺ˭ϰ
ʱĽҲ֪ôģһ֣͹ϰѼҷˡ
ּҺǰĸסӣ˶ӺͶϱɽƵöס˵ϷӣĽ㡣
Ľհʱķӿɲӵģʹ¸ϵߣļҾߣҲÿˣһһϵġ
ᵽĽ㣬ܹ̾ʲô취û취ϽȥҲû취ѽߡ
ʹ綼ˣԺ󻹵öǸϣһ˹ȥԸ⣬жϱء
ԣۣҲֻۡ
ͶһТ򼸶پͺˡӢ󣬱֣һС˵ӵ
ɲһ಻壬ҺүҪиɶ£Բֲܡ˵ˣǶ󲮺үܴûƵסǸ
˵Щź񿴵ˣȻɱһ㣬ſһ¡
ţһſġӢ֣صͷ˦СȣǱߵķȥ
ӣզˡ
ӣɽͳ̫̫
̫̫ͷףƤƣҲرգ·ܹӣһ߲ϵˮգһЦܹ
е£һˣ˳㣬Ľ㣬ڸɶأܹû̫̫ȸղſһһ죬ߵӢ͵ܵģܸϡ
㣬ӢӸϡ̫̫ţŽ׷ͷСޡ
ܹŲʶطˣиϵġ
̫̫˵һ䣬ܹݡܹһЦݡ
żҵżҵżߣһӢС첲СȣݺżǶ˺þãûзùȥ
ܹ˵һţͣ׼ӢˮȣһͷͳżϾӢͷϾð˺ӡ
ϣСԹԣ𷭣ű㡣ſӢӣЦǺǵ
Ӣ̧ۣء
̣жذϹϣ㻹Ǳöġ
˵ţű߹Ӣݡ
ܹûӢĽСѾͷ˵ߵԱߣһõббı¨ϣĽ㣬ȥɽŪҿŵӢӡ
ʹˣհѲ񶼳⡣
¶ѵĲ񣬻ֶǼŪá
ɫ磬ʱ䣬ŪĲ
ȥɽˣܺɡбп˰ߣܿܿͿ˰ɣһ䵽ҷϣüƬżܹҪȥŪҲûܾ˳ִԱһѿ¨ܹѺǿÿ˵ˡ
šܹһתȥܺ档
ӢӣߣŶˮȡܹ뿪žӢ֣űߡ
󣬵ȴʰúܸɾĵ棬ǹһҳҲʰرɾŲһݡ
Ӣе㲻ˣôţǸӣզء
ллš
Ӣȥ˳ˮȻ棬˵лл
ֺǺһЦȰӢͷȻǣӢҲܺȥˡ
ӣ׹ɶģܹ£ſϷܹʡ
ܹջһ䣺ⲻ˵ߣ˼֪ɶ𣬾͹
ԣ۾ȥôˣû׷С˵Ǻǰ϶ʬɽϣҶ
Ƕǰʬ壬Ҳ֪ɶѲ˹ǣܹһ߿һĵ
˹ҲĶҲҲ۾ɽָ˵
ܹһ٣Ľ㣺ɶ˼Īǻɽʲô
ջߣȿˣҺ˵
ȣáܹ̫̫˺ģŲ񵶣ûСʱ󣬿˰ߵͱȫˡ
֦Դһ£ȻصȫϵϣϵľмĽ㣬滹ʣ֦ѾͷԼŪ
ãȿˮŸܹˮȡ
ܹҲû²񵶣ͽݡ
ˮܹĽ㣬ղǻɶ˼Īǻɽʲô
û˵۾⿴ۣӦжģ꣬ɽϴʱ򣬾ǿ˲ÿĶġ
ǰɽϴ˱̧͵͵˵ɽϵİ϶תʲôתɶҲ֪ǣǹĵطһƬ
⻰Щ˭Ҳû˵ͷϵˣ͵͵ɽǶƬض񵽹ţҸ㿴
˵̽˯ķ䡣һһɫӳ
򣬾˵ţűţ˿
ƿһǣӢۼķ֣ŵɶˡ
ǣǾȻһС㡭
Ӣ
ۣɽб
Űⶫܹһۣ͸æȻȥݴϡ
Ӧûˣʱ˵̧һӶɽұץʱ򣬲˵ⶫҵʱ룬²ѾɽϵĶˡ
С㣬ܹӢˡ
˺þãŻعܹ𣺡ѵұȥӶǰ϶µģ
ţӦǡǰЩӣ˰ҹɽҶ뵽ӣǸǿסģⶫʹǱһһˣʹʹպŰ񵽺ɽɣͷҪ򱱷ۼǱģⱲӶزȥˣҿűҲá
Ľ㣬˵ɶϹءⶫţԺ˵ܹ˵Щ
Ľд粻һ뿪ϼҵʱ̫Сûٱļ䣬ΪĵأһӶԸȥֻ㣬ʱʱͻ߶
⣬ǹӵ
ţҿû˵ϹǸСʱ̸ˣŤұţȢϱҪܱãҾͰⶫ˵ˣ˵ۣҲûָǡ
㣬£ҪҪ߶һܹüģʡ
ţɶأǵضҷöΣɶûУǻӦòɶˣ׽á
Ӣ
ţŲǸεĴУȥҹöˡ
ǳɰɣȻûǶһ£һ£۾͵֪ɡܹ꣬Ҳ˵ûϾ̫ãʱˣ׼Ӣȥˡ
ͣһȥˡղſ񣬼㷿ƬЩˣͷҸȥ˵һƬܹȻӢͳݡ
ߵʱ򣬻۵İѶһǮ鵽ϡ
ǮأɶŸӢ·ż״ǮܹȥˣҲϹ¡
ܹûѣɶأ¡
С㣬һǮˣԼװŰɡ
żңǮϱոŮ˻ûܹҲõϢӢסߡ
·ϣӢС۾һ·ɽ
ܹ𣺡ɶأ
ӢСצצ̣ɽбȥڱɡ
ˣżȻ˵ûУǾͿ϶ûСܹһСѾͷЦá
Ӣɻ󣺡Ϊɶ
˵ûҵء
ܹһЦʹ󣬲ˣʱ򣬿ǸģҺ˹һ·ӱӵϣ·ϣ⣬ϸأȻ˵ûУɽϾͿ϶û
Ӣ
ȻŲǸεĴС
Ȼ̺Ŷ˵ɽûӢǺ棬ȻҲֻܸɺ棬С첲СȣûڻɽҶ
صңɶҲû˵ʱǮϱ˸߲ҵĻˣһ嶼
ΪһϢ˵ҹϻɽˣһˣŤȥ˹֡
Ϊ⣬ֵ쵼佱ˡ
ǮϱôˣҲΪͷ쵼յˡ


41 
Ǯϱˡ
̧ͷͦ,һֻҫĻ˵ǽһãϵЦû¹,ֺǺǵ˵Ϸ¡
ܹȥɽ˵ҹϻɽ˿סдһȺ˸Ϲȥд˴һ,ȻдһһŮ
⼸ڲд,˵ǳȥˡ
ô,ǮϱոŮ׼ػ,룬һŮ,ʹˡ
⼸ڻɽʱ򣬿ǺͻɽӵĶԱײģȥиеļǣһŮһ,еľͰ˳
ͬ־Ǹçmangһ,ԶԶ·,Ϲ
һ,ɲ;ˡ
һŮһ֪,ҲûȾܡ
⼸˽ƻúܣۼ׷ܵԽԽ࣬ܲ,ĸһ,͹ȻֻǸʻһ,ܿˮҲеεÿ죬û׷ϣŮˮʱ֧ǮϱŤסˡ
û˭û뵽ŤסŮ˵ģȻǮϱ
ѽǮϱɸˡ
⹦Ϳһ˵ġ
˵Ǯϱܰ˸סҲ
ȻʻӣںӱȴûׯӣںӱߣȻˮľûܲɣǮϱ޵ŸǮ϶ѧˮ׷˵ģصĿеϣⲻ׷Ů˵ģʣһ
Ůںڣβˣɲͱ˴ˡ
ץס˺󣬻ˮŮź˺üˮǰŮ˸ǺûˣŰ˸ק˰һǼ׷ȥģȴ׷˸գһûֻΪʻӶɽصɽȻɽˣʵɽҲôϤ̫·档
ÿ꣬ɽܻɽ¡
еĹ˺ӣͼææɽץǵϰӰӶˡ
ǮϱһҲջŮ˱Ťȥ˹֣ǮϱҲͷ쵼ˣһոµƤ·
ǣ֪Ϊɶϻɽһԣ֣Ǯϱ
Ǯϱװģ˵·֣꣺զֲ֪ǹ
ҫɶܹǮϱ˵ô˷ܣһΪʲô֪ء
ץأôͲҫˡǮϱбܹ
ܹӢŵϣУҼӢӻץǿأСץ˻ˣβͶû̵øߣNɪɶء

ǮϱĵˣץˣҸһ°
ܹ𣺡ˣ˸ƨǿģȺһаԵĺܣӺ£ôܵļһ·ɱһˡ
ܴԶܵڱһģҪڵġûڵȴȽȥһܵĲŹ֡
Ͻ˵ˣɽѾûжˣеҪǰ·תٻػɽûڵҪĶҵطǮϱɵôͷһ˵ˣͷˡ
Ǯϱԣһ㣬ɡ
ܹһ仰ΣǮϱЦأʹͻ
Ŷôû뵽㡣
ޣ˵ɶ˵أ˹͸ùŸˣˡ
ôͲ¶³ȥһ汻ˡ
УʱȥģôǮ϶ˣôҪǻŪȿǡ
ܹ𣺡ˣ˭֪᲻أˣؼ󷹰ɡ
ǮϱľľͷһŲеƮܻʯ̲ϡ
컹ûкأһݣ͸ǷһԼҼȫϡ
˲㣬ȫš
Ǯ϶ȥͩӵǮţŶˣ˺þãǮϱͷԵİŴһ졣
һ죬Ƶģ۾˺Ͷӵ˼ۡȷֻվ˺ͶӣһµӣŸˡ
Ǯ϶ϱӸŪˣתͷԼʣɶˣ
ʵʱƽһ󣬰һһէǮϱŵһ£ûסְŸϡ
£££̲ɣôɶϽǮϱˣһ֣ͰǮţקݡ
Ǯ϶ϱĪ룬Žݡ
ԺŸǮˣ֣꣬ת۾ժ׼ܹ𣺡ӣղ˵Ǹçӵİɣ
ǮϱɶҶǵòˣеçö֮ߣƽͶçӣһģǮϱ
Һö˶˵ʲôȺϻɽԾҶǰ죬ǱɽǱߵ˸ˣ˵뿪һֱסдһûģŷͷȥһҪԴģǮϱ˴סģҪꡣ
֣︡ǣô죿ç᲻˵
ܹüͷ֪أǶŵ㣬壬ܷס
ܹ⻰治ǻˣѲ⣬οҰ·ӵˡ
סɽˣĸû϶ĺݣƽģΪƵˣģ˭Ҳ֪ʲô
֣꾾üͷɻʣǼϻɽɶأ
ܹۣ֪ˣ㻹ȥ󷹰ǰȥϸɻﾫûǰˣôˣ
ܹ֣˵ľȥײǿ͵Сӵķ̫
̫ҵ̫̫С꣬ȥ׽ǿǻţ˾ήȥ֣ʹӶˡ
ĹͲãʹˣһһˡ֣ܹţ̾һû˵תԼҡ
ܹ֣ǱӰһ˿
㣬ջߣժˡ
Сϣժ˵Ӣ̧СЩɵؿ̣̣ǻﻵˣҶ鷳
֪ǲµġܹ˵ţżϵӣ˲֣ȻݣѰϵĲ˵ùԼϷ⡣
ȥɱһͷȫ⣬˴ֻ꣬ʣһˡ
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ܹǮϱܵÿ죬Ӣүµ֣˾ѾܵƽǱˡ
壬ǹյĳǲǻˣôǮϱںӱˡ׼ţ󷽣ܴͻ𼱻ǵ˹
󣬻Ų֪ɶŶ÷
ܴ˰ɣ⣬˵಻ɣֵַú塣
ҵһżҵڶҪǺż˷ͻԥѡˣż˱۸ˣҲܺżûɶìܣҲǻúܡ
͸Ǳߵ̫ţ챧˼һһʱ䣬ǻ졣
ҲһڹˮǮϱһ·ʯ̲ӵĻˮͰһżһڳˣŶ÷ΪҪɶأŵòᣬæҲ˳
ֱܴ컰ڣŶ÷֪ԭǳˣһ졣
ɶյģʧķ軹ôţ浱ûǲŶ÷һ챻ˣȽأŶ棬ǿϴ·ʯͷϣѴһϱ·İϹžҪȥҳˡ
Ҳ֪ȥȥ˵忴׷ϱüһ
壬һȥơҵҪҪɶϴδ㣬ָٴ죬ޡˡ
Ŷ÷ӢҲڣҲСѾͷٻعӣһ̣Ӣߣߵʱ򣬻һ䣺壬ߣϡ
ϱڴȥ˷ƽׯ
ƽׯţˣһһȫ˵ͳܵ¡˵лˣȫǴֵ˵
ҹصƽׯģ䣬ûκˣǹģߵǸӣҲ֪鵽Ķ֪ԺôףȴûӵĿ
֪Ժ˵ûӻ
Ұ˸ӵ£Ѿ˳֪Ժ˶
һҹϵʱ򣬱֪ԺĲڷԣ֪Ժ֪˭Ҳһ극͸԰ŹϣȻͷϰͷβûҸϰΪٽ߿ûʱأڣ֪ܹѾ֪Ժֹһˣɵ£˸⣬൐̯̫¡
תһȦûҵɶԵģͻȻţ뿪һ£ûǣƽ
֪Ŀɹֻǲ˷ƽׯɷƽׯƽˡȻȥ壬ŻһֱûǣԣĻڻڷƽׯҲǳ֪ΨһͬģǱ߶һҪˡ
̤֪Ժһתͷײ׼ɽ졣
˺þˣȥ˿һ£ɿѹסĵ׵ǿһƳˣߣӾͺͳŤһš
쳣ũСѹųһ١ʱ򣬻ЩҪ£¶Ƶĸ˵˳
˵˵Ұ˸һ𣬲ۿڹ£ģûвġ
ŮĴһţԱ߿ֲ´ģ˳ˮиС̫̫Žܹ˳һòҶӡ
Ǳѹȵģſֵ壬Ҳ֪Ĵ̼˵ˣƴǹɺݾ͵һƣǰѹ죬˿һײ˶ͷ
ҲǮϱ˵ˣȻһ·찤ԭ
ʵ˭˭ֻд˺ͱ
⵱Ҳ֪Ĳ棬˳
߳ŭƷƷ죬ȴɽײһⵣ
ܹǸϵƽׯʱڴ
ճµ潸յŮָ㲻Ҫĺ첲ˣβˣˣҶӣڻҹŮˣƴҲҪ㡣ܹһ֪Ժͷ͵Ƶϣøһ׼֪ԺĴţһ
мҪ߿ˣ֪Ժˣ˳ȫҪȥ߿ľܹ
ܹ𺰿ţξԼ֪ԺŴˡ
ӣˣڴҪҪȿˮųѣܹȻ̧ۣ˳Ǯϱ
Сӣ߶ǰ죬Ȼе㳳ҪǰϣȥҹŮһɡ
ܹ𾢣ȴʱˣ˼ұˣһͿӣģͷϵܹҲû취˼ǰˣᣬ۾һתܹɴ뿪һ¡
ȻȻ»治ܿ顣
ɣȥɽæε˵ͷ˳ܹĻȥ
ڳ£һ㶼ܡ
ó£̫صˣˣ档
˵񱻳ôñӣٻеϵȥӽʡһʱͷųѶϢ˵ʱмɼͥũĴ㡣
һسǣʼնû밲ũ壬³һǽʡˣҲɡ
ΪһɼͥǾĺٻȥˣǶʱ䣬ӵ׵ţ˵سǵĻᣬǽǰˣ𼱣취Ūسǡ
ҲΪԭ򣬳ͷųǷѶϢʱίܾˡ
˭֪žܾ죬֪͹˵һˣңȥе㱻ȵ˼
ʶСҲǸбҵϲ£֪Ժзˣ˴һ飬ûΪǱȣãȻ˰
ԣ˵ӻĺģҲûлɣһһʱȥ֪ͨ
ǰʵͦͳġ
һ֪࣬޵ļޣȢȢɽֻͳĿͬʼղ볹£ΪǻǸսѣ˭֪ȴ
п֪Ժﺰһô飬ȥɽиϰ
ڷ֪ǣεĻûκԥԼ飬͸źһˣڳûһȥͬ
ڴϵĳԻ뿪ĽŲ׵۾Ȼᡣ
ҧҧ죬ѵͷؿŴ⡣
ң̫ˡ
ǰͱȥ˽ʡڽʡ֮أھҲˣ
뵽ң۵׸ݡ
ôû룬һôϢͱʡ֪ȥ
ǰΪμӸ߿Ҳܳͷءǻصʡʵȴݺݵظһơ
һƴʹ񣬸ֲ·ˡ
ʡǱߣݶ֪ȥǸӣ˵ģǴǸ²εġ
û²Ρ
ʮˣǸǸޱȵŮ˽˻顣
ǸŮˣִͨԱ²ελӡ
źȥȴ£˵ʲôί꣬˴ӳλͽͺӻسǡ
ƨسǡ
Ǹ˺˯ˣȴˣΪ֪ĺӣǺδ޽ˣˡ
ʲôǡ
ƫʱ֪ȥңĸ˵к顣
֪һȥ¾ͱ֪ˡ
Ƕ˵Ҫ˸ӣҰ˸˵ȴݣҪ֦ͷˡأˮһգʵ֦ѾȢˣµˣҲҪˡ
Ҫˡ
سǣʲôƾʲôô˵
ڳϰ̫࣬ɹţˮ򲻵֪жѰ
ǲΪسıѵԼ취س
ֻسǶѡ
©ƫҹ֪꣬ƺһǸ˵ĺӵ£֪ͨ˵ǱߡǸŮ֪Ϣ󣬾˴ĸңĸ򣬲ǵˣǶĸŮ
ĺӡ
ΪסǸ˵ĺӣҲⳡͻУ֪˭ˡ֪Ǹӱ˱ߣܵͬʱĵĪһֽѡ
ûˣҲݣã̤˻еĻ𳵡»ʱ룬ǸںĺûˣǲǾܲټƽϣȥˡ
뵽ǰĺãã˺ͺòǲܡֻҪõҲĻԭ
ԣûмŻ壬Ȼ֪Ժ׼ʱֿȻģڼ䣬ûһ᲻棬±¶

䣬ܹ𣬽ţǳͷײŵ
񣬴ؿŽյķš
ܹţ֪ԺΧ˲ˣҶֵģ⿴ֵͬʱȻⲻ˵
Ļ̵óĿ۵ķţۣϵİƣܡ
ôţװޣΪװܶȥɣҳһŶ򿪣ܹԽʧͷһ׼š
ȴʱһֱûжķ䣬ˡһʼϵܹ
ۣһҪεӣһܹ
ܹһ־ˣһ̧ۣͳ˳׵òҲ̶õ
ޣһЬңҶӻܹƳų֣Щȥˡ
ҲǲĻʵǣ̫ˣ࣬Ǵмָ׻Ƶ˺ۣһ֪ǰ϶ݺʰ
ãʮ죬ǵʰһ£ȥѻˡܹ֣տһǮϱûκιĨǣֱӵ
çɵϱһ룬Ű߾ܡ
˵챻ˡ׳ӣô챻򣬱ǳࡣ
ŮָֿŶԷ򣬴óܼˡ
֡ɵúã
ܹգۣ뵽
ϾҪ߿Ůˣʱ䣬ڹϻУðʱϣϵ߿Ǽ棬顣
顭һȻθߣҲ飬Һ£Ը˵飬ȻҲ顣
Ҫ顣
ʡزȥˣɽҲˣ벻ĸ˻Ҫ
ԣ飬һ顣
ҪǸڣԺúúҪ顣
ĺȴ֪Ժſڿ˹ȥ
Ժվôˣ۾һأһ˳վ
޵ʱһᣬһӣܹȥ
Ҳ飬ҴӦ㣬Ժһúúٲ˼ʡǱһزȥˣңˣ·ɣ˻飬Ļȥġ
һ򣬱ʲô˼û֪Ժ⣬ȴмͬķĵˣЩĵƲ
û취׵øͷһĳʵźܿ
ܹǾӻĵˣȻʱСȴܶࡣһ޿ʾӣﰵһá
۾һקסǮϱ͸æܿ
һ򣬹˸գܹѾǮϱܵԺ롣
һģҲϣҶһӣ˽ëڹ꣬㵱Ϊѣúõĺ˵ټ޽ҾҲԧ죬£̫ˡһ٣ҲˣҲΪ㣬ʮ죬ǵȥ顣ܹɺܼᶨҲǻŵģȴ˺ܶࡣ
ܹƳų˵ʱﻹһڡ
ȻǸĸκڵģʱˣﾹװͬ顣
Ϸ˭ˡ
ϷʱĶ֪ңɣǾͱҲˡ
ܹ˵ֵ꣬Ҳ˵ʲôʡزȥˣԹ˭Թͷ㱧Ǹӣȥ˼з˵ϱĸܴңܻز˽ʡһʱزˣڲͨ߿ȥ𣿡
ܹ⻰һſǼģһ£ֲˡ
ﶼ𾪵ؿų
ûؽʡǱźȥǸҰ˵ġ
ûУûСܹ˵ʡ£һͷ޵
ܹٸƱĻᣬټٵʱﶼûһ滰̸ʲôúù֪Ķ֪ͨˣ˵˲ĺӣ˼ϱң㰤˼ҴԹǸӸѣǺӲ֪˭ˡ˵ʳӣȻϲ㣬ȴûԹĺӣأȴΪ⣬ְԼĺӸˣĳٲˡ
ڽʡ£ܹ֪ıȳ˻
ϻأϱ˵ǸӣҰ˵͵͵ˣ˵Ǳȥˣ˭û˵˵ڷء
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ܹ⻰һ֪Ժ⣬˶ʱȻ
бӵģģǼеͬˣͬˡ
ôʲô˰Լģܶ
⣬⻹˸ɵ


43 
˵,ӵ˼Ҳ࣬Ǽ,ģԼţ,Żıһ·
ȻŮŮ˿⡣
,ҾǶ,ҲǶʲôƫƧĵط,ö඼ǻѡ񶪵˶Ľϣļȱӵļſڡ
,˼ҴСͷϿ۶ñӣΪӣھ,ôɶ
û,û˵,Ұ˲ǺӰ
͵ʴ,˰̫,ⱨӦġ
Ůˣ̫ˣҸղŻеͬء
ͬƨ,Ů,Ųֵͬ顣
ܹټٶһը,Ժĵһɨգתһ۱ŹӣһǮϱǮϱ߰ɡ
ȻǾͱڹ뱳š
ߣһûأǮϱȻŹӣ˵ˣǵ˸óʱˣȴͻȻܹߵĻ
ǮϱԺˡ
ӣɶʱôˣ
ܹûתùǮϱϸһ죬ǮϱԺߡ
ߵʱ򣬻Įʮţǵȥ顣
ܹ˺˳ˣɿֵȴûߡ
վ֪Ժ⣬ųָָ㣬·𱻼ڻϿһ㣬Ƥһһ̣Ҳ֪Ǩŭôţݺݹһˣһˤϡ
С潸ˣޣҪҸϵˡ
ڽʡϱ׷Ŵû
˼ʮ꣬Ǵ۽ˣôͱȱ˶򼸸أôѹܺס񡣡
˼ңźˣǱû̵ãֻƤ湻ġ
Ļ͸ŷ촫ݣѵɵϣһѳӣԼԴס
һȺˣǶʲô
²̫ˣسǶѣǣñࡣ
еˣشȥǱ˵ĴԼԶдġ
ˡ
ԣʮ궼û¶Դ̤Ϊܻسǵĵһ󣬾˰㣬Դͱ˽ͷһһģԼ뷨ߡ
Ǻĸ˯Ǹ˻سҲãǺδ޸ϻ£ֻк󣬿ٸԼ¼ҲգֻһĿģǾǻسǡ
˵ģ񲻹ǸպײϰˣûȻˡ
ﻮˣºӣȻҸᱧӻؽʡٳǸ˿һеĿںӺ׵ķϣ˳ǡ
ֱڳûףŵúܺãôߵһ
һߣܹǮϱ֪ԺתߣȥŮûб򵽡
ӣΪɶһٳûءǮϱܹΪɶô죬б۾ܹ
ܹſǮϱ֣ʣǮϱ˵Ҽ񱻳ƣͬ
Ǯϱͷ˰˱ù̯ϳˡô۸ǣҶȥˡ
ܹͷ˵ںͱ׵ĳվһ飬۾˭ȽϿ
Ȼ㰡ǮϱҲû룬
鳣ôʵءܹ˸ۣҲ֪øˣǸ̾˿ղڱٶ֣˾ͻ˵ͱˣӣŲšûɶһиôŲţתͷ˾ͻָ˵ĺڣ·Ū
Ǯϱһ㣺㣬۸˵ġ
ܹ𣺡ûܶ˵۾ֻ
Ǯϱԣ㣬ӦΪɶܹղҪˡ
ӣզͻȻˣǮϱܹɻĺܡ
һһ׷Ķӣզžء
ޣ߸ƨء
þ϶ǡ
ܹƳǮϱٺç˵ˡ
ղɣСʱӻʱ·Ͽɼ٣ȻûĽۼ£ܻܲԼ׽ȥ
ͳ׾ӵֶΣŶûС
ܹǮϱһ˵һȥһ׷ܴŶ÷սƽׯײˡ
ӣۼû°ɣǸŮأҶҵĹŮܴһܹߣӾֳ
ܹܴģüͷ䲻ĳһ顣
Ŷ÷Ƴһܴ죬Խ˳ְѻӢ鵽ϣӣôʹˣ
ϣӢҲС۾̡
ܹͷţˣҸ˵ˣʮȥ顣
ܴɻ󣺡ΪʲôҪʮš
ܹͣ͸߿ˣȥɶҲ⼸£ȿ˾룬ܲġ
Ŷ÷üͷǵһأ
ͷӢ̵ĻСԴϵص˵㡣
ɲǣһأզ죿
ܹ𣺡ǿɲҺǸҰ˼ң֪¡أǸҰǶǲءԼĺ·ȫˣԺǸ¸߿سǣҲز˽ʡʱ䣬ֻ֪Ժһ֮ضûУǾֻܺ顣
Ȼֵ֣֪Ժðʱ֪Ժ϶ݲһͶ·
Ŷ÷ԣܹ˼ͷûʡ
ɩȥɣ˵Ǳһ£Ҳ֪û˵
Ŷ÷һһȥҳܴ죬ĸŮһСһȥҡ
½ģڷƽׯׯӿĵط߶ŶԺһ֮ڣֻһҡ
֪Ժ֪ǣܹһ仰£̫죬ܹʱ֪ǲŵЩ֪ิϰܹҲЩ˼ݣЦǺǵس֪˸ǣ˵Ժ󣬶ȥˡ
鵽ô£֪ԺﶼҲûܹգκܹ˼䣬ʶûأִ֪ǻȥ
ô֪Ϣģһ˵Ȼôɽȥ֪ͨء֪࣬ҹļˣһ˶һˮȻӢһߡ
ܹ𣺡Ǯɩ˵ġ
ҲֵĺܣǮϱ壬ôôģ֪˷ƽׯ¡
ôû򵽰ɡܹ죬ʡ
һۣȻǣӢ죺ֲֽϻôܻó򵽡
ͷǿɲе棬ӢϲԵľǴˣģﻯһˣһ㶼ݡ
Ӣǣ֧С䣬˵
Χų˵һ𻰣Ҳһȳһȳ˷ƽׯܹ׼ȥˡ
һˣ׼ߣԺ棬ɽĹĸһؽˡ
û뵽׼ԼԺӣѸϵ鶼ûüײܹ𼸸˵
׼ңҪҲŸջأߡѸ˸ЦæԺӡ
ѸǸܸݵŮˣܹС꣬ȴܹȥŶ÷Ҫ󣬸ҲǼСֻܹһͣһܹ
ˣˣ׼ңôˣ˭ˡܹҡҡ֣۾Ѹϣʡ
׼ңܹԸѡġ
Ů˼ˣγǼ޸һҡܹŮͬʱҲ֪Ůǿһ˼ҪǼ޽ȥϱϵ϶ãѸףܹûɽŮȴѸ׼ҡ
ɽӵģ˭֪˭˭
ѸعѺöˣ˵ʵҲǺȻҲ岮Ӳʡĵɩֵ£ɽ󣬲ôãֻͷѹһТ֣ı˴ǺͶһֱլǶˡ
׼ңӲǿر壬ǣһó⣬ܹİ壬˹
޹ˣûȥԹŲõģ˵ģϷһġ
׼ҹϵãⲻѸɫãܹ̲ס˾䡣
ûɶǱ߲ʡİˡѸҡҡͷû˵ʲô
ܹ꣬Ҳٶʣ׼ң첻ˣȻȥˣÿˣȥǱ
Ѹһ̧ܹ𼸸Ժӡ
Ϳ·ԺӣѸܹߣ˵Цţһֱ͵˴ӳ·ڴ
ȵĻ֣׼ߣͼǱߣһŮ˲һ̫ͻ̫̫˹
ϱôȥǱһᡣˣ˻ûأȳסܹ
˵ĵģܹһ̫̫ϵЦ
ƤЦⲻЦ̫̫ĸҰǱߵż˫ſɲ̤ȥһϵĵض²߲ˡ
ĻҲûʹܹ˳
ڳĶǾˣ˭ܹﺬ̫̫ˣȴ⣬ǷŮˣݵܹ
ܹ·û㣬ûŮһۡ
Ů˲ǱˣɽĴһǰ֪Ժʱܹһ١
ǽˣݣһֱ㿪ŵġ̫̫ǺһЦܹɳӰһ䣬Ҳϱʱ䲻ɣ߶߶ãһе˵
̫߶ܹȴ룬һڣһӶܾ˭˵Ҽûι
ܹȫûк̫˵£Ľ̫࣬ÿһ̸̫Ų˵ŮãǸѸûġǰ˵һëֵ̫žͲЪ
ԴˣŻ˵ŮĲǡ
ŮãҲֻԼ˵Լ
仰ʱ䣬̫Ҳܹͬͬ⣬ϱһ˲˵һҼ´ɽôһ磬޽ۼҶˣӻûѣ˵զ죬ܲҼһҹŮϰɡ
̫˵Ļȴܹӵĺܡ
ɶбѣޣǵĸɣء
ܹˣӶ׼ңҶ˼㲻˵Ҽû𣬳ɰھͰȥҪб£ǾٸɽҸϱˣɽ׼סݣҼһֽģˣཨķӿ϶ûסˣȻסˣҲۣͷҾͺǷӸˡ
ޣ̫ţǿûӣʹɽ϶ӱռķ
õǾҪӣŶûСˣҵӡ
ӽ˵£ܹ·ݵʱӹܹʱ߾ɽѺӱ
Ѹɽﶼúܣ˭ҲϷĺӣһֱûɿڡ
ź˶û·ϣҲûȥ˵Ҳɩæʱ¹䡣
ܹûᣬҲûôϣڣӼȻͱǰˣǾͱ¹Ϸˡ
һԣѸܹĻһ죬ҼҴɽﲻˣ춼ΪʲôͲŹ磬Һòװ󣬸Ȣ˸ϱ˼ңȴҪߣǣǡҪ
ޣҪߣҲʹɽߣûɶˣŮҲǰӣҪݲ´ɽǰѷˣôɽ㣬׸Ǳȥɣģҿ϶ϡ
ӸտڣܹѸ׼ңһ죬۾ûһ£ͰϷ̨Ӵ
ƫԱ߻Ǯϱ̧ܴӣϷ˾ĳ˾ͳˡ
˼СûӣŵĶû˵ɶһ̵Ǽ֪ģΪ̣жĴɽءܴ컣˵ֱܹӡ
ֻɩɺûϵԣǸǲˡ
ܴ컰䣬ּҪûǴĻʮǰϺ񻹰ɽͳȥ͸Ǳߵһʱ򶼲ӾûȴˣǸ꣬ޣһûġ
ǮϱɲǣҶǵأҪ᲻ãȥǱ߰Ѵɽ˻ɽɶ֪ء
ǲǵѹ޶࣬𣿡ϱżһһ䷭ˣæ
ܴ죺ҼȻ㻹ôɶô඼᲻ñȥһȴҪɽͳȥţôͲԾء
׼ϷܹѸ죬һǮϱܴҲˣ˵
̫ţϱôϾûգֱ˵ĿģϱȥľǾͲˣҲû˼޽ˣȴһֱӰǴ˺ˣҺӶ࣬ɽиӣ꣬ģѴɽҵӣȥɡ
⺢ôҲˣԺܹиȻ̫û˵ڳģ˭ɫ
ѾɽҲҵӰ㡣
˶ͷӢһ̫ŵɫͲˬˣСظһͦض˵ã£ҳˣ͹ү
˼ңûҼӢ˵ˣϣ㰡ͱۼҹŮ˲Ҳҵˡһԣʼûп壬ӢĻһЦȻܹ˵ˣˣ춼Ҫˣιء
˵ţŹȣǣӢһȳһȳ߳˷ƽׯ
ܹб̫Ҳ˵ɶŶ÷Ǯϱܴˡ
̫Զˣһ۾Ѹҵģ㵹ø³̳òҸ㣬ҪҾˣŹ㡣
ˣûιأǸϽȥι쿴ű̫һǣĽڳѸߡ
Ѹӣһϱסӣ˳͸ˡ
ޣûõĶϱѹסñ۸òɣҸѸȴҸ
ĺܣȥ׼ǻﶼˣųͷһ˭ӣͺ˭ƴļƣӣǰҶһ
ܼҵСӣ׻ҪҪ͸̫̫Ҳϱ뿪ϱʡ
ôͷ취
û߶Զ죬˵ĶԻԴһ࣬ͻȻĳǺǣԣ˵ãëˣɱ˵ûá
ë֣ҧִ࣬ϱëȻ
ӣϱ
춢ǣһЦѸԺӡ
ɫ𽥰£̫һأͱöˡ
ܹܲĴ񣬶һܹͳ£ôˡ
ܹЦǺǵ˾˵ʮ顣
м֪߿ʱˣܹ˵ʮţҲܹĴ㡣
ʮǸ߿ӣܹ˵飬ӦȿԣȻ顣
ܹ󣬲ûеһʱؼңǱӢȥһ⼸죬ȥǴǶŵȻ߿ǰһ죬ȥ˵Ҳȥ
ڹϣܹɶ⣬Լǵԣ治ģûޣֻܶһ㡣
ģҲΪֶӲģ֪ԼҶɩĴ㣬˼ͷӦ£Ȼڶϣ˵ɽŪҰζȥǴҡ
ܹߺ󣬰Ѽʰһ£׼ȥΣһȥĻӢ
־º־ԣֵܹܷѧȥǴүס
ڸ߿ǰһҹһٵĳһˣ塣
˵˵ӿã߿ǰһҹҪ΢ԴģܲµʱǱʲôġ
ʱ䶼壬Ȼһĸ߿Ҫˡ
ҹŵҹġ
ʱ㣬粻ɱѵĶ˽ȥ
סķǰǻ˺ܾãȻߵš
˺ü治κλӦ
Ǿ⣬ʮ׵﹣ϣиӦ
Ӧе㲻Ѻã徲ҹ£Ůӵźͻأ
ץ
ڰĿռ䣬
뷿ӲԶһ﹣ϣѾŰѲ񵶣һһվЦЦؿűĳ
ʵӰŵóΪϹˡ
ͬʱסʯ̲˼ңץ׷𴲣ץ˸һͿų׼ץ
Ķġ
ĸ˵ô󵨣ҵ͵
ȥϿǴ̣׼ȥѾæֺߡ
һȻķǱߣżһͻ𼱻ǳ˹ȥһȥͷ֣ǵľȻǳ
﹣ϣסѾһЦǴ̣ˡ
ˣѾʪرסƤ̫׹ʪһϡ첲ӣĺ񣬼Ǽ˵ûҽ
ϱҲѾЩСʲôⱲӣȴȥʹƽ̫̫˵ôǴ̣ȻĨϣѾ֢״ͻᡣ
ԣ£ȥϣѾͷǴ̣ⲻʱײ˳
ҪɶأܹƳųʵ
񡣡Χסˣ
ܹɺҿɵ𡣳ҵĶϱײײҪĵã̫ˣһ׶²ϣҿɲҵ
ڼңҲˣȥͳɡ
Һģ룬Ҳ˵Ҳװʲôˣ۾ֱܹ𣬵
ֻҪа˵ˡǲӦ飬ǾٲϲҲЭ
£ú̸̸ӣҪѡ
ͷһһףҪʧˣԸ˵ǺԼȥɣ֪ôȥҪҪ㼸ëǮѡ
ܹҲִˣ;ôû˺ƤˬԼֻۣ˺ˣǼֱ˻ˬָű˵ƫˣһ
ֱ̫ˬˡ
ܹ˶٣˵˻һһƤһ˼ʮ꣬ûôˣڴʲô⣬ҺܼۼҲ˵ɶӾһ仰Ǹ鳣汻ȥҴӸǡǡָҵӴҾ͸һӶɽԶسǡ
Ҳ˵ɶɽô꣬Ҫһ֤ġ
˵ţܹҲٺͳ£תϷȥ
ϱ˵öԣԸˣ͵ָµһȣȻˣô˵ʹġ
Ȼӽʡˣ۵׵Ĳʿɲ١
˵ľǻسǣʡǱߣس·ˣֻͨ߿سǣ߿سǣûǹ֤һ׼֤òء
ܹ˵֤ղŻмֵͻȻɫ
˭ҲôǮϱ֣ƳųһŴȥˡ
ڵ䣬Ҳû˼죬˸ңǮϱڽǰܹߣҲ֪뵽ɶ˶ţܵԺ
ӣʵ£Ǯϱڳίġ
ܹǮϱɶɶûˬءúܣȥ˯ɡ
Ǯϱգգۣ⼸죬е㿴͸ˡ
װ˻װˡ
Уؼ˯
ǮϱᣬתԼߣߵԼ£űڵϵƤ۾һͷ·ȥ
ҹڷߣҪҪȥ׸鲼
һߣܹһ仰вĳһ뿪·ӡ
Ҳ֪ĥʲô߹ʯź޵ʯ̲߿һۣȻҧһһ˷ƽׯ
գܹʰһ£Ǯϱæŵһ𣬴Ӣȥ
ҹӢ˯죬С˯׳ѣ£Ӣһ㶼֪ҪְˣӢܸˣһ·ϣں۾ôģž¡
骳Ƿ̫СһӲӣ죬߿ܹ꣬ʹųȥ
һʱ䲻˺ܶ࣬˶͸һֳŸУ˿ҲûôֻܹҪ֤
ûκα飬תȥߵЩ죬˭Ҳ֪ĵףʲô뷨
Ѿ
Ҳ֪ǲܹĻסټ񣬳һ仰û˵һǰһ
ܹ˽ȥĿϸߣڹϣֳʲô
Σ񵽵ûٴģ˽ȥһһֽˣϺȻӡ֤֡
֣еĵˣ˿
ˡ
񵭵ӳɨȻܹ
߿ˣǵ֪ܻͨؼ𣿡ܹ˵ؼң۾Щɬ
ҡǸΪ˳˸ĸܣ޷뿪ļң
̣˵ʲôо
ӵԸȥ롣ڣֻؼҡصеļҡ
ò˵һͷĶӡ
ʮûʲôۣǻͻСͲְȶ˴ʲô𽥳ģ˼صʮ骾ͼ޽ңиӵĴɩٳ֣ӣøģ˶µظɻʹûйʲôš
˶ʮ꣬ΨһĽѵԳԵ̫أӳ侲ʣµľֻã
ãİüңƴƵģûûҹϰַʽѹĵ׵塣
񣬳ģѾԸȥˣֻؼңǸаְʹļҡ
ذɡؼˣóԵġ˵ҪؼҵĶӣܹúܣǿ˸Цǣ񣬴Ҿ߳Ǳȥ
ʱȻģٴӣҲӣϣºôͿˡ
󣬳վ̨£Ǳߣ뿪һҡ
ҧ߬סʳ¯֤תȥվ


44 
뿪,һ˳Ĭػ˼Ҿ߳ȻǼСļһٷܹʹ塣
ϳʱ,ܹӢҲ߻ȥģ˵Ӣڳ漸,ȹǾм٣ʱǰӢȥ
ܹҲͬˡ
ӢȻֻ꣬,˵ġ
ڳվ,骺Ӣ,תȥϰĳֳ
ȻֻһУĳȴȽ϶,Сգϰعҵкöҡ
ֳеֳعҵ춨ϵĵλЩعҵȫɽһƬ
Ȼĳ,ȴɽ,ûжɽ,ɽɽɽռһ
ɽΪṤҵ,ɽΪعҵɽû,ֻɽһƬимһһЩĶ԰
ֳռؼ㣬Ա䷿,,רŵְӵѧУ,СѧѧѧУ߼ҳֽģعҵְĺӣ඼ѧУ顣
һҶסڳֳҲԱߵѧУ飬ڳһ±ϵ˼ëǮ˸ӢУ˳˵ˣȻǣڳֳһ£ȵ°ʱ䣬Ӣȥסļҡ
󳧾Ǵ󳧣Ͳ¥кöධ·ͷߵβ²һСʱ߲ꡣ
ôǹˣأһڲߵ¥ԶԶŸг˹
˻û³ʵ
ȥˣﻹСģס˼졣ЦЦӭȥ
ҲǣסǶ̫СˣҲûʲôѧУȻǿ԰ѼŪ顣˵ţгںӽϾӢг棬ȻԼԼߡ
ллӢǸòϵͳ㣬˵лл
ӶˣС˵Ӣ𣬺ļ̫̫Ҳߣһţӣˡ
û̫̫ϲҡӢĴ۾һԼ粵
Ųء
ֻһòС˾Ц˾ͽаˣôǶ˵ˡ
ԣ̫ϲ㡣ӣת骣ʣô˰ɣ
£֪ġϼôףһ㶼û˵ټǰǸ߿˳·ЩͶȻ˵ֻŵĶУҲµһš
骣ˣģؼˡ
˾ͺãҪ˵̫ˣҪһʼͲͬţĿĻкЩ¡
ãֲ⣬û壬Ӹ߳ģҪʱǲͬţǳƿ϶ͻգӣһå
ûˣåԼֻҪָˣȻåҲܹһϣ壬ôġ
һЦ˵⡣
Ҳ̭һ䣬˵˾Ͱѻˡ
һͽͲ¥סĵطǶҪܶ࣬Ͳ¥ǳֳǰЩ꼯ʽģǻСʽʱӶ͵ǮŪķԣⷿһһһġ
ңһ䣬Сһ䡣СסǼ䣬Ĺһ£СӣŮסһ䣬´
˵ⴲǻ־־մģʱΪ˷ֶ̣ڴһ࣬˸С¥ݣһ¥棬Ūһװ·Ĺӡ
ʽôе㲻ײ࣬ҪŵʮֻҪһĶͻ۵̴
ʲôʱѧ
ӢСβƵģһͳժˣһְǵӣ󷹵˲æСæŽŲմء
ˣ㴺ѧȻܼˡ
Ű߼ջӢһػʱСѾͷһƹȥСѾͷǰѱߵɨѣɨˮذһЩҶӡ
˵꿴ϣ骣Ӣӳˣ϶ǸɾڿġŽ˳ûͣ¹СѾͷ̲ס
ѹһΣͿһӢӣôĺӣĸ˲ϲϲҴҲϲСõĲУڴ㻨Ǯ׼Źʱ򣬸СѾͷˡ
骾ϲ˿ԼŮˣȴûԳСأóʲôˣ֪û
᲻ѧǳæӢӶ죬ʹ棬ҸͻȥЦӢȻתͷˡ
裬ʹ档䣬ͬ⣬Ӣ̧СԴ衣
кóһʱûˣʹ档
骱Ӣߣܾأ۾ײСŮС۾
ԥһԣܵƤ
ҲƤһ㶼ƤӢһĻ֪ͬˣȻСһߵСУ˵رȲ˲䡣
ˣϲˣлл衣ӢСһţ˲ص
ϣҵøԹԣôģզôء
顣骵˵ӢԴתͷԳҲ֪ѧģСһһ׵ġ
̫̫ϲҲûġ
˵̫沾ͻһЦ
ɲǣػ̫̫Ǳôסɶóġ
ʮ˳еᣬ׼ʱ׼ؼҡһؼңͿԼСþԼһѽӢȻһ䣬Һ㰡һҺ㰡ҡ
骿ȵãЦҡҡͷڳæһ󣬱к˳ԷˣøźӹôûƣڳԷǰȥ̵ƿơƺƿˮ
骺Ӣߣһ˵糵˼Ҿ߳
ӢǰС·߸˺ý㼷һѡ
˯ǰ˵ҪӢȥ棬粻ؼҳԷ
ᶼϳһˣСﳤ󣬳ҲûʲôģֻӢŪˣݡ
һ磬𴲣·ֳȥ緹
ͷûν˫գĸĩżٵģƽʱҪɶ£ֱ쵼پͳɡæϰ࣬ʱĺ緹һ٣һ㶼һһëǮúȥϡӳԡ
ͷҲǮһһаһһëǮ㹻ӣʣµǮԼš
ν㻨Ǯÿġ
ڳ緹̫Ѿ̫ʢǰˣɹϣůر
緹־־ҪҪһȥ䣬־ѾѾʮ꣬ԼС飬ù̫ӣȥ־Ű˾꣬ⶫ¶Ľ׶Σֻ֪ϳŵʱ򣬽ĴˣŽߣ϶кóԺġ
ӢȻǸߡ
ĸСӣֳ·־Сȥˣŵܵȥ
лر𷱻˵ȥ棬ʵҲûɶģ򼸸ͷٸܵС졣ȹò࣬Ӣϵ糵׼ȥеĶ԰
԰б糵ҲǰСʱм䣬þҽԺһΡ
ҽԺһվ˾ʦѳҽԺĳվͣһȳϵĳ˿³
۾濴Ӣ߲תҽԺſڿһˡ
ɲǣӢ۾һ߶ʱ΢Ц
㣬ҿ񻪽ˣ³ɡӢͷæ˵
ᰡһеûӦ쳤Դæ顣ҽԺſڣǸҶ񻪹ȻҲû룬ӦӢҪ
֪񻪺Ӣúãһ׼ߵ˾ʦȻǣŵܵܽ˳
ҽԺſڣ񻪸˺ߣͷĥţҪôðְһϽ֡ʱֻϵľ«
һͿ˼ļҵףȻԺؼˣÿһʱ䣬͵ҽԺҩ취ϿǮ£ܶʱŪһǮİ취ǰϵľ«֡
ͷҪⶫֻȥ˽Ӫ̵ꡣֵ꣬ϱֻ׶УҲ֪ûС
ȥû̵УûУⶫҲѲ֡
񻪽㣬񻪽㡭
񣬶ߣͻأϤ
̧ͷĿȥ·棬ǣӢ֣ǣŵСӢӣֱЦ
ҽɲǣʱ⡣
֣ҿӢӺʹˡ񻪳ӢһЦæת˺˵
Ӣղź񻪵ô˺Ȼ˺̧ͷӢ֣üСһ
áӢϲԭ򣬳һغһ˺棬־Ҳź˺
ȥģ˺ŴļСʡ
Ӣ˺һЦСצӺȻľ񻪵֣˵ȥ԰棬壬񻪽Ժһȥ𣿡
ײԼϲС㣬Ӣ;ã֮䣬϶˵Եˡ
ʱ䣬񻪽£ʱʱͻΪ񻪽С飬ΪСǣСһȥ棬С϶ܸˡ
ȥ԰氡Ҫܻ˺԰۾ͻأһʡ
Ů̫£Ҳġ
ԴӺɻ󣬹ŮϾûЦûûҹֹǮѹְֵģǿ˵˺öΣأôŶһС񻪾ǲĬˡ
˺źɻ︴飬񻪣һµġ
ԣӢ˵Ҫȥ԰棬ûоܾʣʲôʱܻ
᣺ɡ
˺һЦӶһǮ񻪣񻪣Ӣһȥɣܼ꣬ȹ˶԰ҽԺǾͳɡ
ãǰ֣ȥŶ
ŸʲôڸӢһ뿪ҲҽˣСһĨ΢ЦȻᣬǣֹ·һȥɽ԰ĵ糵
һС͵˱ɽ԰վ³·ƱżСĽ˶԰
ǰŸսȥţһԼĪʮżɫ׵ŮˣüЦشһ꣬һ߰ŮҲ˶԰ſڡ
裬԰ϻˣʱûأûƭҺ͸ɡСŮǣǸŮ˵֣ĺ˵ŻԱǸԼĪʮ꣬ҲǳЦ
Ȼĸӡ
ƭɶϻǰòġŮЦţڶ԰ſƱָӺŮһƿˮӾͽ˶԰
һߣĸӽ԰ӢһˣѾʼϡعˡ
ȻϡֻӢ־ա
־ղ԰Ծϡ棬ӢǵһμֻݿĶǻģԺϡ档
ͷͷɶҪƷͷ㣬һ¡˼ûڿĶϣ۾һֱŵܵãܶˣû˼̵¡
㣬̵֪𣿡һᣬ񻪸ɴ಻ˣ̧ͷֱᡣ
ггģò죬񻪵ʻɻһ̵ꡭɽԱ߾һңզˣҪ
񻪣
᣺յĶŹŹֵֹģһ㶫գҪȥɽǱߵļУȽϺ
кཻܶ׼Уϵĵ棬ʲôĶУҲǹ˽ӪǱ򵽵ĶȰٻ̵껹ࡣ򣬻ȻֻƷʳ֮Ķǲܽ׵ġ
񻪣ⶫ̵ֻ꣬Ȼ˶԰Դȥ̵꿴𣿡
ͷðʱҴȥһûȥأ֪Щɶ
˵ţ̸ǰӢ־գ䵽Ӣ־Ⱦ߲ˣСһһէǺ£ϲСϻ
ãСϻˡǽڣڵϣβҡΣСϻ棬Сϻβͣ׽˼
ǽӢ۾ֱ
ͷһ֪СϻȻ
ӢòУ˵ɶˣһֱСϻţһСûϻˣ־յȣŲ
ǰŸ뿪ţǱһ붯԰ĸӣҲִ
裬ûϻƭˡϻյĲ߹СŮ͸ʧ
µŮˣУСǲиϻβڶ
СŮԴǿ˺þãſ˵ϻβ͡
˶ţϻģȴϻβͣҲϻ
ԱߣһЩ꣬ûвõ̸鵭۹ϻǵСľţͰƲˡ
ƲҲ֪ʲô˫üɲǼ
۾˼սǴƬӶһƬ̺裬ȥĴ䡣
˵ţҲûӦսǴȥ
ж԰԰Ķ࣬徲԰԰֮䶼һƬ԰֡߹ïʢ֣·Ŀ·ϡ·һȥһȥһǳ԰·
·϶ˣǣȴûղŻۿǸŮͯ
վֵʯ·۾·ϿһƬ̺üͷһתʯԭ·أȥѰǶĸŮ
ͬʱıĵܵãѾ˶԰ϵĺ
ģ߱ϻǱҪܶ࣬˲٣඼Ǵ˴С
ߴߴСӣ֣Ӣһ·С۾ģɶˡںһ?ῴʱ࣬׼С뿪ˡ
ӢδǹԹýĻСȣߵ߸Ž˶԰
뿪԰ֱżСģȥ˱ɽߵм
ǰŸ뿪԰Ǻǲͬʱ԰ĸˣҲ̤˳
ûпϻһСŮЩˣСţں
ƺû뵽ŮƢôȻЦ۵ȴѸֳ˲ͷ
Сϻȥˣ´ٴŮѹס۵ײ죬СŮ
СŮ죺´ΣǾˡ
꣺£԰ɶʱɡ
ʩ񣺡˵Ҫҿϻġ
ʩܲˣϻβҲϻϵģˣˣһҪǣӣֵö롣
ʩƺЩ硣
ʩɫһǲˣҲЪ
˶ţƲغһһƲȥͿ·ͷһСĸˣǣ׼·
ڿ·ļ˲䣬ʩı飬ʱϡ
Щȷض·СŮƬ̺ƺȷʲôյһתͷ
磬ңҿˡʩ龪֣͵һʩȻָ·ͷ
ʩһ٣˳ʩָķ˹ȥһ۹ȥ㿴ǰڶ԰ǸЩСŮ
ڶ԰ʱΪԼˣû뵽Ҳ԰ˡ
ëëʲôֲϵǣͿˡʩĿӢһһСӰϣһȻջߣ
ʩû񻪣ԣϵ񻪣ֻϵڳվʱйһӢ
СŮʩӡΪŮúܸɾ۾Ҳر
ǵڹվȳʱŮõ۾·ֱ͸꣬һ㡣ʱ˫۾ӣͫ״ñܿġ
ָоŮƺܿĵ׵
ʩʩĻżǣһǸѾͷҲˣм䴩ӵģ
ȷʩһû˵ĵĸüͷһ߽񻪵ϡ
ʩͷˣڸʻϼ
ʩ˰۽ǣͻȻȥ
˵˭ԱߣҲӢŮˣûŪ׶ӺŮ˵ʲôɵʡ
ʩһŮˣѹҶŮˣǰĸУݵǸ
Ҷ֣Ҳ֪ŮʲôŮǿί۾ٿ
ȥ򣿡Ů۾£һ̧Ӣ׷ȥ
һߣ·ӢߵսǴĵ£ͣ½Ų
СѾͷ죬С֣ͷɻȥ
ӢӣôˣӢžͲˣæʵ
ӢתԴС΢̧᣺㣬ڿǣ
̧ͷ˭ôûп
Ǹʮ·ڣһȥʮ·ھֻվǣڿǰ
ҴɡӢҲǳûˣԲŻɻ
ЦЦӢϹ룬ߣ֪ɽߣм׷۵׷ۺܺóԣҴȥԡ
šһûԹ׷أȻһҪ롣һгԵģӢգۣͰǶɻ׵ԺչһЦɽȽֵȥ
Ӣ˵ڿǺ󣬿ʼʱʱܡ
Ӣദþãܹһ֪ӺʱʼͲٰӢĻСӵĺ
Ӣ˵ڿǣǿܾڿǣֻǲ֪⿴ǵʲô
ʱʱ󷽣Ӷ԰һ·ʩĸӣ̫ǡ
Ƿ˰ɣôǡʩСЩסǰһֱʶʼ㡣
ʩûκα仯͸ϵһһֱ??
ôǲ߸·ѡʩĮ
ʩ񣺡ҶŮһϳô죿
ʩϳǣԶᡣ
һУͱˣôܻϳǣֻҪְҲԶʶǡ
һԣһֱûŮˣȻҶŮֻһѾͷ
Ѿͷĸ֣Ů˵ĺᣬ͸ŵ⡣
ĸ˵ʲôǰŵӢȫ֪߶񻪵ϣһ·ϣӢٸоκδ
˱ɽߵĽֵ˶ʱԱɽط죬һֵʹżС߹հ˹գ߽һ룬Ҫҵ̵ꡣ
㣬ɶӢ̵꣬۾ɻ
̵ǡΪɶҪ̵ꡣ
㣬һ񻪿ûһ˵̵꣬ѲϹŵľ«ȡ̧ȥ
Ӣȡľ«ٿ̵ӣƺʲô
С۾Ȼһצצʱץס񻪵ĸ첲񻪽㣬Ҫ
ϴ񻪽˵«ˣֻ˵˵ڡ
ˣȱǮⶫҲûʲôã˻ܻǮ΢ЦӢ֣ȻûκԥȻ̵̨̤ס
ǱߵļȻԸһȥ«ţġ
ɴһ㣬һ룬Ĩɱ
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һ˱Ҵ󲮴ӳվش壬ĸ۰񻪡
Ҫɶ̵߽񻪣ɻͷӢʡ
񻪽«Ǹүʱڲϵĺ«Ӣ죬еµûţ˵ʲôо
Щڸ񻪽ڳϵˣǲʲô˵񻪽Ͳ«ˡ
ԣ۾Ȼһ«ǣǿǱ߷ϵģǡ
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Ϊʲô«ӹؼг񣬾üͷӢ
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ˣϲˣĿתϣ۾͸˿ܡ


45 
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С«ģҴ«գúҴС̵ϰ忴,˹˵
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ָо˵ǲһ΢΢Цƽʱ˼ɡ
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㣬˵׷۳ԣߣ͡һ񻪾ЦܵӢߣ˵Ҫ͡
־գ֪֪Ҫ˿׷ۡ㣬ɶ
ɶ׵־գ˵Ҫͣ͵˲ˡ
û־յģĿ䵽ϣЦǺǵģϲһ˿Ҳ֪˵ʲôǳɣͣ´λ룬ߣǼ׷۵ǰ治ԶҴȥ
˵ţһСתӣϵ׷̵ȥ
ڼ䣬Ӣû񻪣Ǹ«˶Ǯ
ӢǣˣСצצһֱס񻪣ƺַʽοĵףǿˡ
Ȼ˲˵ģֻԼ
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ĸ룬Ͳжϣá
ԺֻǰְŮ
ƺ֪Ӣڵһ·ϣ飬Ӣ档ӢǣһСûɶӰ죬ǶСʯͷҲŲˣСЦ
ڽҵ׷۵꣬ȥ󣬸׷ۣȻ£ϰϳԵġ
ϣӢ־泯ģ򱳶ԴšӢЦӯӯأ˵ĩżʱȥɽҪһ棬˵ˣһۣͼ׷۵Ķ·ϣ߹ȥˡ
Ӣļܺã濴ģûǲסģ߹ȥеһһС˺ں۾ٿһյһ´Ӱϲ
񻪽㣬ҿˡ˵գС첲һ죬ץס񻪣ܡ
᲻ԣҲڵһֱվ־գС˳ȥӢ񻪵СȲ־һ׷ǡ
Ӣӣ㿴˭ˣ׺Ӣ󣬺ʡ
ҲеԺ֪ӢΪɶô
ӢûͷǰˣӦ񻪽װǱߵˡ
һһ㣬ʣ
Ӣ۾ǰߵĸ˵˵ݣǡ
ԣ۾һתĸϡ
ǰӽֵ߹ȥˣƺ˵ʲôȫû⵽׷ĸСӢۼ⣬ȻԶСȴǸŮϣŵĶ
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˵ʱںһֱŮ˵ϡ
񻪽㲻Ū𣿡
ӢһģС壬üͷ񻪣ڳվϵģǸǸߵСС㡣
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˾ǰ񻪽ѵŪ
ӢĻһĿƣ䵽Ǹ·Ů˱Ӱϡ
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׷ǲ׷
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ͿǶԶһ㡣񻪳Ƭ̣һС˳ߣĻȥ
˲׷ܣ׺ǰĸ
ǰˣûв˸һŮ˴ԼĶӺŮ˽ߡ
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Ҷ
ʩ׿ȢôֻҪҲԸ⣬ԶʩҵŮˡ
үү̿ܶͬ⣬ȥһֵ֣̺үɿڣ費ͻˡŮ˶«ͷ
ţһҪүүɿڡʩú۾һЦ֣صͷ
һߣʩŮǴŵƻ۾һƳ䵽ˮӿĽϡ
꣬ôƻġ
Զڻƽ񻪣Ů˽ľ«˳Щûȵס
ˡԥؽˡ
񻪵۾Щ죬Ŀڶµûš
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˫еԶ񻪼ûĸӵĶԻֻŮûκԥ˺««Ůϸһ˿ѣҲ֪ĶӺŮ˵ʲôĸ˵Ż뿪˳
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˵ţǣӢתߡ
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㣬ˡǰ棬ûϣתͷһ
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񻪣Ǿ͸˵ˣֻСȴѲϣԣʳģҲֻ־ա
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ϹʲôأˣҪұˣĸʲô˼ˡָܵܺһ־յԴ
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ղŮ˶«ôȻһĲ񻪣ŵģȥ϶ί
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ҡҡ̾˿ǣŵܵû˹ӡ
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᲻˼سϰ˵ղܵȥˣϰ׷ûС
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Ӣһγ׷ۣоͳȫͬһȫ죬ϰƵ˺ˬرθ
Ӣһʼ񻪣ôҷſ˳ԣȿ񻪺ûʲôӰ죬Եر˦첲ʼڴڳ
緹׼Ǯȴáǰʱһ˰ëϰ塣
ͷһ׷ҲëǮһ룬־ճԵ˿׷ۣҲֻǮĸСһһ˰ë塣
Ǯ˱׷۵꣬˻ȥĵ糵
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Сһ³û˺ʹԱһ˳
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һ֣СϾչ˸Цݡ
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񻪣ֻһְ֡ˣԶֵġ
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46 
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һ˵һվȥ
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ղϲһ㶼ԼСԼԼŮҵӣǸڶξȥȴЩС͸˵ˣò⣬СУҲô׽
СŮ˫̥дһҲãȻ˵ǣȴôһǵӱȴŮҵĹŮҪСһ͸ƵģӱֻСС㣬ûһ⡣
û⣬񻹺׽
ղС첲ͺȻػĲϡ
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ΪϲϳѺӻ˼ҵ裬Լźӣ˸λ£ѿλøӢӢܸؿľɫ
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СѾͷֽãطԼǸ߸ߵżһ߷һغܹ塣
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47 
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ܹŲӢг,۵;öûúӡ
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˲,׼ˡղҲһ䡣
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ղˮ߹ˮˡ
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󷹣׼̨ջ壬ϱŻϵĲм׼ңߣȥǱ
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׼·ĺܣȳȵġƼһģһϸȴԵؿղ·ҪһЩ
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Ӣɶ˵ɶСŶһֱ˵˵ʱ򣬻ڿذ
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;ã壬ûһŮܸԼŮȵġ
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ϣҲǸõģⶼΪӢӣӸŪˡɱϳʱȥԵǣһŪԡ


48 
ܹıӰ,һڣõıⵣ鵽һԣӢӳĻ
Ӣ,ûǴ򵽰ɡܹǵʡ
Ӣҡͷûˣˡ
ܹӢͷ,ԣԺ˭Ҫ,,,Ҫ˶֪
šӢͷ
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,ʯϵķ,˿ڷ,ȫѪ·𤵽ˣ̫,Ͳ֪զµ֡
Χ۵һ,ؿŴѾ
Ŷ,ѾͷôͶϱĶأ
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˵⼸ѾͷͶСܵĶȥ
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ĸѾǣһ֣΢̾һܹһʯ̲Ǳߡ
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ܴ죬յģﲱˣǲǺܸˣţҺˣûꡣ
ܴ죬òˣǶƺҲʹˡ
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ܴƤЦⲻЦѧбۿ˵ƣǣ㰡һʮˣ׷һСˣޣ㣬ҴʹˣôţٺҴɰ´ҰҶϣٴǣҶûء
ܴ˵꣬һӣͦǰߣߵϱǰèǲݵײײϱļ硣
ϱǱײһģ
ܴһקӣǿһ߳ĵĳĸŮ
ϱܴײֲֻܻ֣жݺݵ۾
һֲۣٿ⣬ܴ첻ʹ˼عͷ۾ϱԵһۡ
ܴЦЦˣǣҲʯ̲ȥԶ沣ҧгݡ
Ҿ͸㲻ˣƾɶҶӣô䵽ͳ˺ˣ۾ܶǼءϱ˿
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ҽɱǹɱһе࣬ʯ̲ߵ˶ˣߣ˼ҺܱҲˡ
񻪺Ӣϵã˼ɱҲܹӣҲȥˣܼҸ˵ɱ󣬻ܹ
ܴʦȻܴʱ䲻࣬ȥżָ㣬гЧġ
ũæʱشУܴܴƵõģǣƱⵣ
¹ȥܴıⵣƵԽԽ⻬µʱܱżѵЩⵣͻ룬øϼʱ˼ȥ
˵˳ȥ
ȻһⵣֻһëǮһëǮȴܱܴϣ
ⵣⶫզż˾ͲɣϾⵣҪ̫տգ㲻ľɽ￳ľͷԼøͷ죬Ҳһⵣ
ƵıⵣǮܱĵ׸миɶ£ܹ𿪿ڣͻԶæҲΪ⣬ɱʱȥܱңܱһϹԷ
ˣ˵⼸ʱ࣬ȳ죬ͽܴӡ
ͷû緹ʲôģũҪһϡҪνӷҲǶʮ󣬴ľͰ
ӿɾͱȱⵣֵǮĶˣľһ˻ϸеķʱ䡣¹ôķѣⶼǮĶ
ܴҪӣɵϣǳǳ΢Ц
һߣӢ⹫Сֵ񻪵Сβ͡
񻪺æܼذ⣬ժˡһɻȻģӢͲ¡
£СһСڹܲ
ӢһСצӾзˣ֣ͣں۾͵͵񻪡
ɶأ㣬ܲ¹ˡ񻪺Ц͵СѾͷߴٵ
ӢգС۾֯һԣѹ񻪽㣬ǵڳ￴𣿡
񻪹ܲĶһ٣ЦȻǵá
ô᲻ǵãǸŮ˿ǺԥǸ«ġ
ɾǶ̫ɴ࣬ĵײŻһ뷨
񻪽㣬«Ṇ̀ܲ衣ӢѹֻСһĲ²⣬ĸ񻪡
ӢǰǷϵͳȻݿûˣжеġ
ӽ߻ؼҺԽ룬Խܲǿǰ㡣
Ǹ̶«̫ˣңõ«ӺͶģٶ˵裬һ΢еϵˣ«ʱôȻ
ʵӢֲ²ģǳࡣ
ܿġ
۹۲죬óķǡ񻪽ǸŮûϵǶֵȴйϵΪ񻪽ǶֵһģбǣһڸʻϵǸӡ
ǸӺͽҲйϵ
񻪽䳤òǸˣǶá񻪽㡢Ǹˣȴƣϴ´񣬴Ǳһ㻡ȡ
һܰɡ

ⷴӦͳͳе㿴ˡ
Ӣ㣬ʣ㣬㣬ǲɶ뷨
۾ţһ㡭Ūࡣ
ӢĬˡ
ΨһŪĺ«Ѿˣ⣬Ҫôࡣ
û«ǻǰһãԼү裬ɻԽ룬Խ鲻ԡ˵Ĭú󣬲ŵ֣«ƺʲôĸо
Ƕ˵ڣǿ϶ģǾͲϲŮأˣڿ«ʱϲҲãҲգôַӦ
;ǸŮˣŷ񡣻оǣȻϲǵʱΪҪǸ«ϣ
Ǹ«Ҳ塭
壬һʾ޿
¶㹻һԺˣôصĶⲻϲŮˣܻ
ⲻϳϳģǸ«ȴֶ¡
Ȼ£ֺαضûͳˡ
ʵеڵġһ㣬ܽ⿪ĵɻˡ
ʱ䲻ǶԾ˵йϵãƵ«˼ңʶŮĸ뷨УȻعͷһϸ룬ȴĶԾ
ڣɣǸŮ˶«ǲǲҵ
뷨һͿƲס룬赽Ǹʲôˣ
ǲҲϱŮ󣬺ǲҲԼŮǰ㣬ѰѰٵѰ
ԣرŪࡣ
͵ǸԼһ
Ӣ񻪵ĻСüͷ룬Ƭ̺Ҳ֪뵽ʲô۾ط⡣
յز㣬һ߲ϲ㣬ǻңҵء
˵ţСһܵǰݺż־˯ķȥ·شӳûдıӣȻһֻǦʣϣСƨɣʼ̵ػ˻
ÿڳʱ֡
ձˣĶбб
Ӣûѧ˭ϵͳأȻȴѲ
ӢڸʻϿǸˡĪģ;ã˾㲻񻪽İְ֣϶Ҳ񻪽йϵ
Ȼڸʻؾͺ͸ʻߵеϵ
ʱ񻪽Ļȥչվһ£ܴ˭
Ū˭Ժлȥңܽ⿪һˡ
Ӣú棬ļܺã濴ˣûмǲõģټǶӡرԻĻĲ˵óȥñ˿࿴ۣϵó˭
ڷ滭˺þãӢԼĳɹص˵СԴ
ѻֽ˺ãСȻСȥ񻪡
Ӣݺһ˰ܲʰ꣬·˴ĿЩ翣ؿźģɱûܰ
һֱӢջߡ
񻪿Ӣʣôˣ
ӢԱߣӿڴѻֽݸҪң⻭ȥչվʰɣչվʶˡ˾ۣǸСʻˡ
񻪶Ӣϵɳεֽӣֽֽ˹
񻪲ֽչ
ֽϣټΪֽŽڴȻתͷӢӢӻửʲôʱѧģ
ӢСֱָķ԰ԣգź۾ʱ䣬ڼҾ߳Ǳ߸ѧġ
񻪺Ŀ佱úܺá
Ȼ⻭źе֣ȷȥǶЩ
лл佱񻪽𼱣ҶһửŸĸ㡣ӢС۾һ˻ص
ӢԴӢӣ¾֪˭Ҳ˵ϴϢһֱ˯þҪ֪ˣô롣
ӢСԴ͵ͷţ˭Ҳ˵
ߣǱɱˣҴȥǹë
һЦǣӢȥǱ߿ǹë⣬ģ뷨ȴõⶨüƻж
ææµµһ¸磬ȫ˳վ˼꣬˱Ƚ϶࣬ȥǶһ
ҹҼҼŮ˰æ׺ΣȻżյú͵ƣȫ̯ϵӣ׼ϸȫ̳ȹѬ
Ŷ÷һͿĨΰͣһߺͼϱྣʲôʱȥѧУ
ܹ𣺡˵ǳߡ
Ŷ÷˲࣬ˣǰǴ˵ɽӺͶǱҪͨˡ
ͨͨˣģܹϲȥһ˳ϲ˳һӣӵĴݡ
ǶǾͲڸɻˡ
һԣż˵ӵӢС۾Ҳ˸ˡ
˵ϵͳ˺ɶϰߣΨûһ㣬е㲻ϰߡ
װ˵ҲãҽȥϹǱдӶͨ磬ӦҪ˶ãǸʻҲȫͨ硣骽ӻ
õûǮܴҲ˿ڣú͵ƺãզǮˣǳõˮǮ
һܴ죬ãȫɳе
ܴһ㣺Ϊɶ־ɵýˮѵѣ
־ʱڳ˼ҵķסȻý
ܴԣ죬ǲǶҺɶ־ɿֶ͸ǽôչһǼҿǿŵʰ־סȥ£ۼ־ÿ£Ͳóˮѵˡ
ֿʼܴ죬ǺǣЦƵģٵڲ֪Ҷ
ܴ죺ɶֱ˵Ҹǣ㿴־ɰȥס
찡Ƕأ־ס£Ϊҿ־Ŭһ㣬תˣзˣʱˮͲǮˡܹĻлҳ˵
˵õǺ棬ƫһгȥһŮȫŵˡ
Ӣֿ̡

졭
ɶʱôȵغˣ
˻УƤðˡ
̫ܹ𣺡ɶ
ܹ𣺡
̫ŶһΪԴҩء
ӣûɣ
ܴƳֱܹͻ˿ɫֳ˳Ҫʰ⣬еסعˡ
֣ڱеĸо
Īʰ
ҪȻɶȺ죿
˵ʱ骣骰ǳˣ˵ȥԵġֲҪǮƵģһһУôͷһسԷ⣬Լˡ
ӣɶʱôˣϴץһӢӵĴݣŰ׷أȴôд
ɣøϽȥ׼Ҫꡣ
ûаء
ܹЦǺǵؿܴ죬Ȱֵˣܳþôȥ۾Զһ㣬űģŬ㣬ȡԼ󣬶װһ㣬־ûǱסȥңһˣһԺʲôìܣ־Թ־úûñ˻ˣ˵˵İ
ܹ˵ǽһĳͲûܴ쵱Ůˡ
ܴĿ
;ãܴȻë٣ǿܾȣȻӢӵԼˣҲⲻͰİͷνˡ
Ŷ÷̫ܹĻͬʱͷɲ
Ŷ÷ܴ죬úĻۼ٣һֱֵġ
⻰Ŷ÷û˵
ֵǽĲ٣Ψңûֵܲ͵ġеСìܣҲûֳɶ˿Цġ
ܴ챻ô˫۾ţе㷺ˡ
龽ȴһزͬ⻰Ҫô壬ǻֵ𣿡
ܹ˵ôһȴû뵽ɵϱȫɣܴ죺鳣ˣ㰮զզġ
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ܴ죺øǮ
Ȼأ㵱ķǰסİ
һԣĻüͷ΢Ҳ뷿ӵ¡
ϰļҾ߳ǲܳｨӵģȴڻسˣȿɽСѧǱûӵģҪУŪӷԺ־־ѧйšӢӽǣҲи˯ĵط


49 
ܴ,ûþˣܹ˸ͷܴǹӲ׵ľŤ,ȴ룬һŮһ죬ûһܰ,˵ԽᶨҪ־ȥסˡ
˼ֿʼ,Ъ,զզġ
ҹ,æҹȫƺ,Ŷ÷ʹϱ壬һȥĻ̫ܴ챳ȥġ
ôڣǿɲ̫̫Լߡ
ԽԽŨ,һ,Ϧ,Ҽһæ,һͷ׼,ȼ칫
Ͼͽ߰꣬ǰЩ걻һЩϰףķſ,𽥻ָ
ȥʱ,û˸ȼ칫,꣬ȴôˣȣȵʱ߻׼£ȥϵյֽŸڡ
꣬˵ľǼС⼸죬С֪˲ˣҲˣֱųèèһҲ䣬ɽҰܡ
Ӣ緹Ҳˡ
ûĵܣֻȥ˹档
ʱں۾ʱʱҿѾûϧ˴ѾѾС㣬ȴûѾӰ
ƫȴûдһϢҾģӶû˷֣ѾѾûгˡ
ӢЩ
棬Щ񡣵ʱ񻪸ӢͶιըʱüͷϣ˵á
Ӣӣôˣӱ£񻪰һճûõ⣬ӢüѰʵ
Ӣ̧С죬ЩΪѵؿ񻪡
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Ƿɶ
ദһ꣬ͷһؼôΪѡ
ӢСüͷһᣬԥһС񻪽㣬⼸пѾ𣿡
Ѿ񻪽һѾȥܶԱ˵ȴ͵͵񻪽˵ң񻪽㲻óȥ˵
Ѿһ㣬üѰ˼һ£мûˡ
̧ۣӢӢӣǲ֪ȥˣ
ӢͷѹѾȥˣһ죬ڳվпҡҾãѾǣ֪Ѿȥ
񻪴üɻ󣺡ȥ
Ƭ̺񻪵Ӧʲô°ɣߣȥ䣬һ˴ںӱߡ
񻪲ûѾϾãѾǰѾѾܴҼ˺ƽڳҲ£ԣǽҲ¡
ǲ֪Ϊɶ
£Ȼͬסһ壬ȴнѾӦҲµĲͬÿϣʶܿԷȻѾ˺һ˼ǱǶȥŶԷ
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˵Ѿ
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ϱӣ⼸˿ǵޣûκθı䡣
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񻪽ûɫǾ֤Ѿ˽ǲ¡
ⶼϦˣٲҴҪˡ
ʯ̲ӣӢ͸һȻ⹫ߣһûһغ⹫졣
ʱҼһ˶Ÿӣϼĺ󱲣׼ȥϸϷˡ
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μأӢҲڼ˱ݡ
ףΪɶ߳󲮼ңûɶͬˣԭݶɢɽ
Щݶˣү˵Щݺһ̫үġ
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ǱߣѾԾûл
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һѾûѾûлӢȵýȥ񻪡
ѾѾʧˣ񻪶е㲻ȷѾȥ£ˡ
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ΪóѾĽǣԲ½һ뿪
ڳǣӢסһˮĴѾ
ãʲô𣿡
紵ѾƵϸŵ㺹飬һ֪ǵˮжء
񻪣Ѿ㣬Ѿڼе¡
벻ѾȥĶɴ಻ˣӢ̽̽ѾĿڷ硣
ѾѾһ˿ţȻ۾һһٳĽڣѾǰȥżˣڼҡ
Ѿɶ°˵ҲһѾ˵꣬ʡ
񻪺ӢһֱŴѾ飬Ӧﶼ˵סһЦûɶȻѾ㲻ڼǱˣˣ
˵ţ񻪱Ӣˡ
Ѿ߿СѾͷɿͬʱҲ˵ǡ
Ѿ˵ܻǳˣҲ֪ܻܲ
ٵȵȣٹһ죬ȥȥ壬æѾ
һߣ߿񻪺Ӣһû˵ĵطͶͬʱ˿
񻪣ӢӣûˣѾղǻ϶֪ѾǸɶȥˣһ㶼żѾӦû¡
Ӣͷš񻪽㣬ǻȥɣȻǻҪȥż𡣡
񻪵ͷţȻȥɡ
Сǣ֣˹ӡҼһϱʰã׼ˣܴͳҲ½ţߣֻܹŶ÷ûҡ
ŮҪܹŶ÷ﳤѾֻϸڣԲسң̫ԶûعңټϽղˣ͸ܻȥˡ
ǸûлĴý㣬ǰ˵˻˵Ҫ壬̫ԣһ磬ܹŶ÷;۵æµ緹
һ죬޵ıȽϽԻĿ죬ȻǰٻģӢùáùãҲ޵úԶһ굽ͷӢҲȥʱһۡ
һֻۣסû˵һ䡣緹ǰģǵϹˡ
ŶʮͷˣȥϣŹģǵĹù
Щ޳ȥĳһӢĶ͹ΪǶЩСģ˺
ø͸һ˰һǮĺùֱëϹŰë־ûУСУΪѾǴˣǲѹǮˡ
ӢǸСԣǮн޳ģһõͺһ𣬶Ҽңʼ˺
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ӣʲôˣ
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ڴǽµͷӢ̵Ļ۾Ȼһˣڻվˡ
Сצһ죬סܹ·̣̣̣ҺͰְȥ⹫ʱڻվпǸ
ˣܹһæͷӢôû˵أ
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ҽһ㶼ҵ飬֯˽ɽȥǮϱĸӡ
ǻ˵ȥɽѰֳô󶯾ˣνİ϶صĲƱĻһƬȺĺһ͸Ǯ϶һңǮϱǮţ²ˣÿЩ˾С
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壬һԸȥ˾Ϳʼж
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ͬʱºһɽǮϱǮţĸӣ˶죬廨󣬶һɽɽһǴĹĵķ
ľյžĻ𻨣İѨӳ졣
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ڴһʮͷˣһذףŶǮϱǮţӡ
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ˣһɽˣӢڻվˡ
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һɢ˶⣬Ҳ֪򼱻ôţһ۱ĸӣȻȥ档
ǮϱȼһߣﺦҲѹֲסؿ
ˣˣѻ죬һˣ̸ǣͶţ
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뵽ӿܱǮϱòɣתתǮţ°Ͳ˶ţϵǿ²
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СڴɽϤ⸽ɽͷжǶܲˣӻ
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Ӱߣһ嶼ϵ·ãͨǱͷңݻƵͷϣڵһ롣
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˵գѾͷǮϱ˵Сһ͵سɽ
ǮϱŸհԼͶϵȫжѾѾܳ˶
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׷ȥͼ֮⣬˸ˡ
ˣǸˣԴ˸ѪԱ߻һʯͷ
Ѫܶ࣬Ѫζ⣬Ǯϱⲻ֪ǻˣһǮţŵһţҪУǮϱӦ죬һס졣
ţܽУһˣ죬ߡ
Ǯϱ˵ţһܻǣţʶѰŸղѾߵ·׷˹ȥ
УȥѾ
Ѿղǻëëģү֮ǰڸ˵ģõչСõġ
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һߣܳѾѾ׷ǳˣ˸бϡ
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УͰЩóǮȻżԶ߸߷ɣɲ뵽˵طȴȻ֣ǵط˽ȵˣңһˣҵҲصĶ
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˵ţ骲һͱɽ


50 
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ǵĶ,Ķ,϶ǱǸŮ˸Ūˡ,һҧгݵĺݵ
ҪҪɽˮ,ϰ˺ͷŮֺţŪ˱ǻ,,ҲҪ
۾,ٷǵĴ
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Ǯϱĸӱɽҵĸ˶ȥˣһֱŻԣûɽȥæǱڼҵĴѾŴȥ򣬵ȴֹˡ
ҴԺĶ֪ɽ˻ˣңҲһѾ֡
ԣԺжˡ
ѾڿԺӣҲ֪뵽ʲôתŵ骵ߡ
Ѿ⼸ȥˣѾһ£骱ʵ
ԼСŮһεܣˣֲȥҴ棬Ǻһ𣬶ԺӲԶʱʱ顣
Сֵôԣһ㶼ʲô衣
ڴѾڶ죬֪Ѿڼˡ۲ѾͶѾΣѾͷҲûٹע
Ѿ뿪죬ȴǱߣǮϱɲɺϡ
Ϊɽ˵ǸˣͷϵˣҪġ
ǲǶֵڴǸˣǵûˣΪ˵̫Ѩ
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һѾУ׹⡣Ҳ֪ǲǽѪкò׻ȥٴ
Եı仯Ÿô骣ٿһۡһ̧骵ߣײѾ˷۾
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骲֪ﵽ׾ʲô˴ȴãҵǣסŮߡ
ҵļŮҲ˼͸Ůˡ
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ֻҪǼȫˣӣټµĶÿ϶ܹúܺá
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骵ͷҵûͷÿգһҵսģȽŲ㣬һֱҽչˣʡǱߣмսѣ࣬Ǽүүǹչ˵ģֽȥǱߣҵᰲŵģġ
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̣㣬һҶҲ𣿡뵽㣬ѾûκԥӶһ
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ⶫ骿Ѿϵİָ۾һʡ
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Ӣһ⹫Ȼǣ⹫֣СһҪȥ̵ӣʼͽϵ˼
ղӣﷺЦ·ʱйʱʱͻƲһߵˣŮ·
ᣬи⹫Ǻá
ǰӢ֣һΣһΡΣȴûһ¨ײɾʹ⹫ʾִ
⹫ȥţſڵ㡣ʾŵеࡣ
ũˣʾ֣϶ŸӢһͲȥˣ׼ſڵ⹫
ղࣺɣܣ⹫һͳ
˵ţղſСѾͷ֣߽ʾ֡ӢŲŲţСƨʾʯϡ
ӢºСצצСԴԹɵ⹫ŵţ۾һ飬ͼʾչվսǴ߳Źӣͷˡ
һ۹·õģͷǸһģ˽ᡣ
ߵսǴͣŹӣչվʾֹеǽϣ۾Զ
ʻÿ춼ȥȻȴûгվ⳵һ㶼ͣ·ߵģʻµĶԱҪǣԼϳͳɣ˵㳵ӾͻῪ
Ŀڳ϶һջĿ⣬Լϳ˳Ҳ֪ĥʲôƬ̺תŲȥվǱߡ
Ӣһֱſڵ⹫˸ղһӹսǴ߳ע⵽
Ϊ˺е죬Ӧļ
һӢҲûԼļˡ
Ӣ죬е㲻þ
ˣͳͳ죬ȴ벻ˡ
˻Īͳͳļ俪ʼ˻ˣ
ޣŲأͳͳ꣬Ǽ俪ʱ򣬲Ų˻
Ϊɶ벻Ǹ˭أ
Ӣӣôˣ
ʯ棬ŵղ࣬߳ʾ֣ŮСüͷһţƺڷʲôɻ
⹫Ӣ䲻ͷ⹫⹫ҸղſˣǸҺļ
ղࣺļˣ
ӢСһ򣺡벻ˡ
ղࣺ벻ӦǸ޹ؽҪˣ߰ɣ⹫ˣȥ򣬼龫ˣ⹫ٸһޡ
ð⹫ǣ㡣һ⹫ҪԼ龫ӢС۾һæվСƨɣǣղߡ
ʾֹսǴӢղſʯǶֳ˸ˡ
γֵˣͷЩᣬȴҡû۹˼˲ٲİӣӺܸɾһ㶼࣬ǺеС˴Щ
ֹ·ĿҲСȶ¶һء
Ӣǣ⹫׼ȥ磬һ۾Ƴˡ
ɲǣСѾͷ۾һ㣬ȻͷӦԴ죬Ҳû룬Сͱĳһ֣
Աߣһ·׼뿪Լ˸طĸ䲻Լ֣۾һҲе˭תߡ
ץˣץˣǮǿĸˣץŶ
ӲŸתȥһĺͻ
֣ʱڸʻɳĺܣ˭֪죬Ǳܵһͽи
û취Ǯϱúܣ˾˵Ǯ϶Ǳһи˴ģǸúܣˣһܵˡ
ⲻˡ
ֺǮǿһһֻҪԴתģ֪ɶ
ϼ˶һ룬Ŀתĵطһתȥͼﺰץ˵СѾͷСצָǰһֻߵˡ
˼״ҲߵüææˣǲǸһѷͳ˹ȥ


52 
,ȺڵļʶǿҲرʵϼȺһ˵,붼û룬Ⱦ׷ȥ
ô׷ԼҴ,ҧƴܡ
ڼϣũļ,Ĳ,˶౳,һ˫ܷɵȣҲܲ׳̵ٶȡ
,տʼʱղۼֿ죬ùȵһʯӹȥ
ϻ˻ϻղ۲,Ҳ,㵯ȥʯ,Ǻܾ׼˸Ľӡ
۵,ʮ׶ûܵõͱһȺ˸סˡ
µ, һʱ䲻ǰŤ͹֣Χһȭ,һȭ,Ȱ˸һ,Ȼ̧̧Ÿ֫˸ȥ˹֡
һֱͽ֣µġ붼û뵽Լڼϳ뿪ɽǰһ̱¶ˣңǱ¶һСƨ
֪Сƨôϳġ
ҴӢִһץˣͷͶ㵽⹫Сָǽŵؾס⹫Ŀӡ
СѾͷ⹫ȣԼ˸ʵʵûĻᣬһֱ̧ߣСͷ
һ̧СۺȺ򹫰ȥ˿
⹫⹫Ҳȥɡ
ֿͳͳҲҪȥ
ղഹͷŽűߵӵСѾͷǱ߱¨ܶ࣬Ҫȥ
ղһʮ캢ӣѾ׸ôӢͨˡΪⳡֲʺСѿֲ˵Ĩǰѻת˱¨ϡ
ӢСһ㡣
һ£СѾͷҡͷȥˣȥˣ⹫ȥɣ϶򼷡
ֿܺãͳͳ±¨ˣˣȥˡ
ղ࿴űԱôСǺЦɣȥ硣
ӢӣôϳģղǣӢԴӢ
崦ôãҲŪ˵
˵ȥʻǺģ⸶ںߡ˵ʲôֻмǮϱѾ֪ôԼСҲʶ
Ӣܳʵ߱ߵȥվʱ򣬿ͻһ˵Լסˡ
ղ;˺죬̫ˣ˺þöûһϴɾ֪ˡ
ܼסղྪ졣
Сӵʶôǿ
Ӣ̧ͷЦеؿղࣺ԰⹫ҼԿɺˡ
ղࣺ
һӣ
˵Ż˹硣
һδСѳղе㲻֪øӢɶһ龫ղɴӢԼ
ƷĿӢŽţԴԼӣͶǡ
ö˹硣һ򣬽ϵˣһ룬ʧһ룬ȥֿȥˡ
ӢһͼǱߣ鼷˺ö౳¨Сһľһջ۾
ͳͳûȥ֣Ȼ϶Ҫ
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ϣյģĺܣҪӢۼ⣬˸˳ǮҲҪꡣǮϱһʯ̲ûԼأԺһ
ܹΧŸΧȹվڳűߣʣզˣ
ǮϱǸԾǸĺݵģʱ䣬Ϊɶû׵
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ͬ־˵ʱʡļҪص˷ӣˣˣˣڱﲢǹܲġ
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Ǯϱãһ㶼ܹǺһЦתͻԼҡ
ܹߣһתԼŮСֳ⹫ϣ۾ڷС飬ֱǮϱ˰ʱģһģһ

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ܹŻ֧Ŷ䣬ŮȡֵҲܣԺ󣬲ۼ˵¡
ϣиɶɶɶȤĹŮ̫ˡ
˵ֻЩʺ
ⰮãҪǲȥһ˵£С䰡
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һõ翪֤ڶ뿪硣
֪ԺǶֹˣʣµʮҲ˳ֵļѻǣسˡ
ȥ߿ָ֪ǾͿʼ취ȥеĻȥˣеȴûлȥûлȥģѻسǵϣڽ·ݵĸ߿ϡ
ܹյţ룬־¸д˷ţ˼ǳسǣбǣȱԵģټǮˣչ˺Լ
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ϣҼӢԣ£Һͳɣȥ͸档
һԣһߺ˵һӵܹ𣬳СŮȥͷҶе㲻ĴŮ
̣ˡ
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ŮˣҲ֪Դ׶װЩʲôڶ֣㡢ֻΪйơ
йǡ
ƺã򲻵Ǿʹ㡢㣬ҲɡңԽԽأȥ㡢㲻ҪǴ
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Ѿһı仯̫󣬶ÿο񶼺ܿġ
ÿÿЦ;ãǱǮٵġ
ָоԽԽǿң߰裬ѾٵģȴѾ
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Ѿ˼ſվһ룬׻ûסĵ׵̤˼ҡ
񻪡߽˼ԺӣѾẰ
ţҪҪֽһˣµñӣȥ䲻ٿ̧ͷԺˡ
Լ˭ɲǼ䣬ƺʲô
ĻѾ㣬ҡ
Ѿ˵ͷĿⶢ񻪽Сһſڣ񻪣ҿԺ̸̸𣿡
΢΢һЦȻԣѾ
ˣôãˡ
ʱĶƺѾ侲ˣǱܽˡ
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Ŵ򿪣Ѿ߳ʱŰƴСѾɷһƬ۾Ǻײҧһ˿ѪۡҲ֪񻪵׺˵Щʲô߳˼ҵѾԽᶨҪʹߣҪǺӹˡ
㡢㡢áãԭǶһġ
ΪʲôʲôΪʲôûһкý֡УⱲӣҪýҸҪýóװϱӵĲҡ
ѾĿһתԺӷ
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޵ߵݣƽôɺޣ⼸ãôҡ
Ѿ
˭뵽ϱӵѾ˶ʮ꣬ǸڰĵطѹôˣҪˡ
ڣ˸ˣġ
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ҪȥʡӢ˵úܣԶ֣ԼʰʱԼܵǮȫһ飬׼ʱϣȵʡ󣬸Żд
СѾͷǴԺǮСѣһһʮǮˡ
ʮ顣
ЬǮ۵ǮյѹǮ
˵ۣ꿪ʱӢ⹫Ǳ˼ѱۣ׼ʱ򣬼ȥӦòôˣΪö˼Ҷ˱ۣӣҪˡ
û£һһ㣬Ǿʹͳͳͼ˳ԡ
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ӢҲ˺ЬˣΪ˼ҺʼרעñˣһֻҪũæñӣѾ˼Ҷе⡣
˼ǱһӶôæӢ˼ȥ鷳ˣԣֻүһȳһȳİЬ
ʰӢ;üĥŸøźʹ̴ʲôزȻޣ˰죬Ҳ벻ôɶ
£ҪӢȥ룬ܹȻᰲš
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˼ңְܹԼŵȡһűֽţװ˴׼ղȥ
߰˰һʰҪߵĶװһ
֮⣬ܹһһӷӣղϣڻϳԡ
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ڻƱѾѾѾˡ
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˵գ̧׼ȥˣʼûѾǮġ
˵ѾǮںȥ񻪽ģǵ·ѡ
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Ѿ񻪵Ļ˽ȥǰҪģңֻң˼ȥɱġ
Ѿ뿪骣Ĩһ۾Ȼת˺ڰС
ա
Թ緹ڼһӢſֱϣ⹫ȥϡߵʱܹ᲻õĺܣǱһ·͵˳·ڡ
ʻһȥĳʮһ㵽ʮʱοģûй̶ʱ䣬˿˶಻࣬㿪پ㿪Ҳͬĵߡһʮһϣͣ·ʱѾͶѾѾ
öʰøɸɾǣ֣ӵĴšһֱˣĲȥ
ִٵߵߣˣ㲻֪˵ʲôˡ
ǵ˵ͷϳɣȥ⳵͸óˡ
ѾһĲǣŶѾ˳ҲֱӢ֪ѾѾȻҪ⹫ȥʡ
ӢС΢ţ۾һת۾ʱ˳ݡ
ۣ
ȻܰѴѾͶѾ͵ߡ
ţ͸ѾͶѾ͸ˣֻˣŲ


53 
̫ѿƫ
ӹȻ˵,һϳ˾͹ϲţʻ˸ʻ
ƱԱȳʻ,㿪ʼǮˡ
ѾѾĳ֣Ӣܾϲһ·,С۾顣
ѾǸĽ㣬һʼĲ㳯ӢЦ,ڳʱ,骱һӢѾͷ͵ױȴѾС,ϵĽֱ˻𳵣ųȥ
ϻǰ,骴ȡֽݸѾͶѾСԺڳƾ֤,ղ,ȥҴҿĽš
󲮵ʱʱ,ԭ
ڴѾͶѾ,ûиܹ𣬵ȴ,ΪЩ飬Ҫӳ,æڻ
뵽ҼŮ,Ҳû,ʹ˽š
ϼ׺ɽͷҽÿ͸⵹˵ľ˫۾ͬʱ졣
뿪ˣ뿪ˡ
ԺҲǸϢСԺˡ
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ģûǣѾᡭ
һߣѾͶѾ뿪֮Ҵ˲ˣһʼҴ˲ûзϡ
ȷִѾѾ˵ϴΪȦЩԾߺߺߵһֱۣȦ˿ˮûУһʣ֪һ죬ѾͶѾûӰ
ֻǽɽˣûüι
ڶϲһǣÿѾͷסķ䣬ַֻѾѾѾѾͶѾһ϶ûΪѾͷɽɽһˣȴȥûҵˡ
ֱϼգϵ˵ѾͶѾˣź֪鲻ԡ
ѾͶѾʲôӣҼϺ˽⣬ǾôѾͶѾ뿪϶ѾģٴαսȻһΣԵѾǸӵѾ
ѾɲǴһͷԣʹʣµãֱҼҡǶһʼĵһʢŭ㿪ʼΪԼıôģǾͲ뿪֪ˡ
𳵺¡¡ҡżشԽ꣬һƬ᷿ڰ͡
ҹһ˻𳵺ûþϢ£Ӣһ𳵣رˬ𳵹ɵҡΣҡƵģһ˯
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⹫硣ղ࣬Ӣ˸Ц⹫ʺá
ղջߣӢˡ
šӢ˵㣬´һҡһղĴͷȻղһһ⡣
˯̵ĴѾͶѾҲ´ˡ
˯úܺãǸϢļңֵһ˯Ĵ˯رá´ղӢˣе㲻˼
ѾѾͷǱϴĵطǴӢӹȥϴϸȻ緹ղС˴̧ͷº͵˵
ѾһЦȣá
ղඣӻΣǣӢһ㡣
Ѿ֪ˣүү
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⳵һһңһ䣬һ˿ϴˮۺһͰ
һˣһûˣѾӢȥϲͶѾš
ӢͷԼ䡣󣬴ѾͶѾˮͷϴһ
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ģŮ˴һ׵黨ȹͷЩңƺҲǸûãǣСк˲Ȼȥˮϴ֡
ǣŵкӺеƺһֱŮߣĸϴ֣ͻ˳ᡣ
ߣѾͶѾʰãӢߡһСҡҡλν˳ᣬû߼Ӣֿĸӡĸڿߵĵ䣬סû˿ֻͣĸӡ
˰ĸӣŲûгϣ˰϶Ӣ߹ſʱŮѹں˵ʲô
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ձˡ
⳵ձˣ
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Ÿǵڣűļҡ
ݣȥżңϾ˹Ҳڣڷٴᵽ˺󣬷ͷҪ򱱣Żزң˿űҲãʱ˹⻰ˡ
Ǻ˵ƣ˹޵ÿˣһֱ˵Ҳˣűˡ
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ҲǴ쿪ʼӢͷһأʹձˡԣ䲻ձ֣СѾͷʶͿʼıˡ
ӢţҪҪѳձ˵£⹫
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ȲͳƹղҲķ緹ȻôѾͶѾ˷С
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ǸСŮˣҲʼͳ˴˻
ŮǸ̸ģ˵ˬʣںͱ̸ʱҲԼ͸¶һ㡣
Ӣ飬Ů˵֪࣬˹׼ؽʡˣӽܣ᲻ðѶ£һؽʡڽʡٺú󣬺ӵİҲȥʡ
ϵ˵֪࣬ﶼЩꡣ
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˸СӢָ̬ڳԿ˷羰
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ղɢĵɻ󣬻صᣬ˳ŸղӢĻｲˣ꿹սĹ¡˼ԲμӹսǼѪСﶼýζ
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ߣղ˻վ׼ȥһ̧ۣǰ߲Զڳ֡
ӢӣƼղӢˣһӭ
ӢǸĺӣȥȥ壬˺öණ˯ԣһƣųȥ̡̣
ܵʱС컹ģ̡
ƽס˹ӢһѱȻ˵߸첲ϣһûˣۼӢӳˡ
Ӣں۾ȥ꣬꣬϶᳤ߡ
СѾͷĻشˬʵĹЦ˼Ц꣬ղࡣ
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ղࣺⲻҪϰ𣬾ûǰ֪ͨǡ
ϰֲǲ٣߰ɣȻؼҡƱӢĿһת䵽˴ѾͶѾϣǴѾͶѾɣӢӴ̣ǺӢһģӢӺҴ̾ͳɡ
ѾѾƣЩִ٣ﻹǹһƴ̡
һЦһߵ·ͣŵһСԡ
ţȰӢ֣ϳýĳûȻǿɾ͵תϼ˳ܻؼˡ
˵գתѴѾϵı¨ȡź棺ѾѾҲϳ
Ҿֻ߳СߣѾͶѾһۣ˳ӡƷźñ¨󣬾˼ʻңȻһţųҾ߳ļȥ
֣æӢӣסɡϣһעǰ·һߺղ˵
ղ౧ڻӢһ·һ̡
ԽСԽݡ
ۣͳͳĴ̺ŶῪ
壬ûһῪġţҲ᲻Ὺ
ӢԳӺܺ棬ϾǰϵͳҲһ񣬶ĶȻһ׽С
᲻Ὺ⣬۾ϸشųÿһ
ȻڸʻϣǴɶġ
Ӣе۾͸粣䵽˳ͷϡСѾͷ۾ԽԽȡ޲ϸԼŪͿ𳵣úоˡ
СѾͷѾߵûˡ
ղ࣬ƵĻҡҡͷȥǱˣȥҽԺԺ豾æӢӺòһˣܲһ۶ɡ
ϰ࣬ûʱչӢӣȥǶһҶ󣬶ǡƷԡ
ղࣺû󷹣ҲûţˣˣȥǱ߶Ȼͷżˣºͳɡ
ղºƵĶӺСŮһʮ꣬һʮ꣬ϸУǵĴ򶫣ʮ꣬Ѿȥˡ
Ʊ骴ʮ꣬ȻģĺҲ骵ĺӴ˲٣ãСѧ꼶ȴǴĶˡ
ֲ˵˺þãղ඼ͬȥҾ߳ûޣֻܰ·ת䣬ղȥҽԺԺ
ӢǽʡҽԺĹǿƴ洫ġǰղսŵ˾ҽԺȻ˼ѾʮüˣżӲֶûݡ
ҽԺֲ춼ģҲæúܣڶûһϢ
̫̫ȰĹҪϢˣء
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Եַʱ䣬¥ΪһķռҾռһס
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Ӣżүүأ䲻ûš
СƨһŲʶ⹫Ȼתͷ۾㶵ؿ
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ŴСѾͷŵɤţϰߣϰˡ
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⹫ˣǿè
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ͬ˳Ӣֳ˳ղ࣬ղʱ񣬼ֱϡһ
Ǻǡ⹫ɶʱôˣ
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һ겻Сǰ͸ӹɶĩͳˣֱҵʱ䡣
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ӵ̬ȶ̲˵¿ֻͣǾãǶʮˣСӣûɶ˵ˡ
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ƺܻգ֪ôִΪɶ󷹵ʱһֱ˵ŻţͷſˣЦݡ
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ֵգӢ˯Ѿȥϰˡ
ղСѾͷ𴲺󣬴ҽһȥҽԺʳãʳԹ緹㿪ʼ¡ӢдѾͶѾȥ˾Զĳ֡
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Ӣӣ⹫ȥˣˣɲóƽʱ̫⹫ı£һҪ㰡⹫ѣһֱЦ⹫˵ֻӣӣȻɵø⹫֪⹫Ҳǻӵġ
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⹫ͳͳװ
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⹫ҺܹԣԲ⹫Ӣһ̧ͷͦأȻ²ۣȴô¡
ղЦˣţо񡭡
һȺϼһȻȫ۾ţôޡҲţۺǡ


54 
ղȥ,սҲǰһۺۺ졣
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˵Ҳʮ˰ɣհܻسˣʲôʱ骸Ūسǰ
ղࣺѾйˣʱǻز˽ʡԺлˣٵɡ
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ܴڲͷϰ飬˳ְѴ̫̫ϵ̺ǵ̫̫ϥϣûʲôʹˣûǰá
ղൣǣдɩȥҽԺ𣿡
·ݵʱ򣬴дȥܴ֣һת䵽ݺһֱû˵ĴѾѾϣʣС˵ǶԽã
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һԣŬװԣ⹫ӢСһ̧ҲǻүүѾڿˣϼǱߣһøɺöö󷹡ϴ·ɽݡ񣬻µء㻹ιͷÿͷιúܷʺܷʡ
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Ӣ֪ɶֻ֪ʱ䣬ǺеϲˡÿѧóԵģϴ·ÿͷ
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ȵȣĪСǱߣѾѵС㻨Ǯûˣ
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ͳͳޣҪҴ˾ˣҪϼңԺ治ҪǮԣͳͳھͿʼǮˣԺǮ


56 
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ȥƴл˵СŮǸС˾,е㲻ţڣˡ
СѾͷ,Ȼ֪ҪǮˡºһֱУдǮĸǰǴ˸٣ǻ١
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ӢҡͷûУү˵̫СȴѧнҶ飬̵Ҷˡ

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ǣСеˣСÿɰıӰ۾︡˿˼
ÿɰСǵСûǲҲСһɰ
Ҳ֪ŵʱʩ׿ܲܰСһҲҶǶԶʩˡСҲˣҪǻڣѾͷɰ
뵽ǰԼǲ˵Ů˼üŨ˼֡
ųֿʾ֣ղź˵СһŹȵ߳ʾ֣˼һ̾ջߣԼȥ
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Ǹ裬ʩҿɲҪɣͷúʩ׿˵һ£ʩҵţԶٸ򿪡
ǿڹϣͷҲ޷ٽֻǲ˵ʲôҶʩңסʩңԶܵġ
ͷӶˡ
˼תСгԼߡʾſڣӢ⹫Ҳʯݡ
ʾ֣ɫ磬ղȥϻ˳ȥֿ
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ˣ񻪽Ҳû취Ѱ࣬Ϊ̫ԶˡҪ⹫һʡⱲӣ񻪽ԶЩˡ
ţϴ⹫˵ǸǣͳͳиŶ򣬸ôԶͳͳ߿񻪽йصˡ
ļ¥ָƬסĺǹʰְղӢĻ룬
ʰ죿ӢС۾һүүǰǹʰģǲǶԹʰ˺ºϤ
ۣ˯ͷȻǹʰģͷ⹫ȥүүүү
үү֪ɶ
ǿ϶ǣڹʰ˰뱲ӵģҲҪˣͷбҪŸλӡ
ӢԣС۾һ߷⹫ǰߣһߵ⹫㻹ǵúرõ񻪽𣿡
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Ӣͷ⹫˵񻪽㲻ͺɻ𣿡
˵һ㣬զˣôͻȻ⹫˵ˣղԣŲһ٣ɻؿӢ
ӢСһ̧üͷ⹫Һ񻪽ǱߵˣǱߵһ˵͵û񻪽㡣ȥǰҺʹ㻹񻪽䶯԰ʱһΡ
Ӣй񻪵£ղࡣ
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СѾͷ£Ҫ˼ǹŮˡ
ӢӵĻ˼ҹŮߣ²ǸڵġҪóóȻȥƳʲôķ粨ң˼ҹŮҲദǹŮӣ˼ңǱȻֲӭļҸһЩ
Ӣ̾һС˵ģ񻪽̫ˣھ֪Ǹ«Ļ̣ǲ衣
⹫ǰ񻪽òã񻪽ɺˣ棬ҺóԵģҴЬ񻪽ҵģҲ񻪽ġӢᵽ񻪣Ҳв
񻪽ĺܺúܺãƫȴ¡
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⹫񻪽ֻҪѣ͵͵Ȼȥˣ񻪽񻪽ҪҪԼ⡣Ӣһ⹫ͬæСݵһʻˡ
ղࣺǳɣ߰ɣ⹫ȥǶ
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Ҳ֪ûзСӢӵĲͬѰݲͬѰãԺ󣬲ʲôľСɣȻУú骺̸̸Ӣӵ¡
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ڵղ֮ת˾ҪҪȥ
ȥ
ӢȥһһһǣӢþȥ
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ţٵʱȥСﰡȥˣǿ϶ܼӢӿУǸرǮˡ
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ѾԣڴѾдѾˣиڸȡ֣÷
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кƺûϳӢ黨һֵ˹ȥӢȴǿкɲǣ뵽ˣǸҽԺĻ̡
ӢСüͷһ壬ɸСʶ׷к˹ȥһֱձ˵СӣʧڽֵͷֵջĿ⡣


57 
̵ǰ,Ѿ÷ŲĽʡϰ˰黨ú,ֱӰһ黨Ӣ
Ӣ黨Сüͷۣ漴,ں۾һתЦг黨˵˾䣺ٸһ,Ҫֿװ
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÷û˵,ղ黨Ǹ˵ϰݣ黨ġ
ӢԣŶһСƤ
ﻻ⣬ȴûϰ壬һзԣը黨ݡ
ţûë
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ղӢôһ˵֪ΪʲôˣͷߣЦ̵Լİţǻܣǵ֪ͳɡ
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¹ǽӻ񣬷¹ʱЩι״ڸûɢˣǿܵӳԡ
ԼĶԶóԵģӢ;ýĽӺúóԣһǸɵ߰˸ԵСӶŵԲ
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˻سǣ˵ǻʵȴӽԷȡоԺɹķӣṩоԺϢȺ뿴չɱǵĿԱ
һֱӲйоԺĶҲֻоԺ⣬ǻĶ
˼ˣҲұ֤Լһ죬᲻͸¶ʲôųһʱ˾֣Ȼʲôʱ׽ȥ¶֪
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ϾҹŮݣ̫סˡˣҲѻĿⶢ
ڣȴǺõģ٣ʶ˵зı˳ϣѾǸǱںǣθƻùʧصĹؼ
˵˻ǱڹڲĴ㣬˲öڣкüռ֤ݣӦҪ˶ã˾ͻᱻץˡ
Ҳ½Ȼ治˵ղпѣתΪɳϡ
ӢҲߵ߸ȥȵ⹫һ£Ͱ⹫ȱϣȻ󰵴˳⹫·
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Ҳ˿ڲ裬Щɵɤӣʲô£
ղࣺǰڹʰϰ࣬ǵλûļңڼǰӵģ
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ѣӣɶų˵ģǰЩӶѰҪ˵СӰɣмΪ˼ﺢӲŴ͹Сӡ
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˼ҹŮ꣬ϳǲһ꣬պþꡣʱ˵Ů󲮣ӳվȥģʱƤе壬оһ֪Ůû졣
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껰۾ɵؿղࣺųôͻȻ£
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ƺ뵽ʲôӢ۾һٿȻүүֻܽʺֽ𡣡
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⹫үүǿǡӢغһˣȻѻݳȥ
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˵꣬ĿһתղӢųʩҵ£ǲʲôɶ£ղǰӣѵĺӣʩҵģ
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ѣɣһͷȥʰһ¡
鷳ˣҺӢӣȻȥˣϢȥҼҸҾͳɡղ˵ţǣӢ׼ҽԺ¥
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ȹʱؼˣ͸񻪽,ˣŲǸ«Ļ̡
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ߡ,ͷүү,һҪ⹫ҴĻ˼
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⻹õϢ,Ͼʩ׿ͷϱ,Ѳ,ûӶ֪
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ӢղؼҵϢһȾֵ˺ö졣ղϣȥξĴ򶫣Ҳڼ任ˡ
Ѿʮˣʮбҵͱȥ˲ӡ꣬ûлղ֮ԻѡڶںؽʡҲΪ֪Ҫ
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ǼϴǻҲʮ꣬ƺæϰ࣬ҲûգǸ骵ƨɺ泤ġֶĸرãʱ̵ȣźŲȥ
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ſ˺þãˣûȤ
ǰЩżܻܼ̣ԴϵĶ̾Ͳˣȥ˱ʱ䣬̻еһ꣬ûˡ
ⲻһ̼ҵСŮʱϲòУĶҪ˹ڲϡ
ɶУȱӢشŹϲŵƷЩǰΪСԴǿϲ㶼Щɶˡ
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Ӣᱧס򶫵Ķͷ̫ˣǲ򡣡
磬ҪСɣСɰɣһûԹءӢճһֻС̨֣͸Ĳƿָָ
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ӢСʱ־ϲں۾·ӣس򶫡
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Ӣܸˣе㲻˼ΪǰнҪô̵̡̫Ķڡ
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򶫲ŵؿۻûԼȸߵСѾͷһЦû£δɩӰûУʱЩǮҵģôô
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򶫿⹫ı΢΢˰ɫȥ鷿
鷿̸˺þãԷ㶼ûгֱ°˲Ŵ鷿
ղ򶫵ļ磺Ӻɷ򣬾͸ˣȥɣֺܣǣҡ
֣صͷһڳŵĻ֤⹫£ܣ⹫Ҿ
Ӣһţٰǰ°磬ſڱ߸⹫֤Ĵ۾һºˡ
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ЩŹ֣Ӣ״ôˡ
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ᣬ˭˱硣Ӣ򶫵
˵꣬գգ۵԰粻ŵģôϾҪˣ
ЦŽͣΪ·е鰡
꣬򶫳Ĵ˺֣裬⹫ţԷˡ
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Ӣ֪⹫ôˣﵣǵúܣֱѴʩҵϢҽԺ¥ߣź֪֪Ϊʲô򶫸زӣջôˡ
ԭ򶫸λҪŲȥϱ߾ˡ˵ڹرţʱпܱս򶫸ιȥͻսС
ԡˣŻ˵ġ
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ղࣺȻأҶʩҵô¡
ѣ˵⻹һʳˡʩڱ·ţΪѧҶʦʩ׿һ˴ӣһ໴ͬģչ˺ӣһʹ˸飬ͽˡ
ûãʩ׿ĸѰţȥ·ŵĵطų˵ɲɣʩڵҲ·ڿеġ
ղͷǺɡ
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ѣҶҲʩ׿ȥУһŮŮͶˡ˵ҽԺ˱ߵġ
˵һ£ֵǣҴӱһ˵˵ҶǸӣǱǰͷǸϱȥġ˵Ҷǰ˿гֹ
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ųҴľЩǱߵǸʲô˴ǺӣǲǾҶ
ղࣺҲӦðˡŲʮˡҪȥʱгֹ˼Һȥһľ«˳Ǹľ«Ǻ˸ϵġԣŻɡ
ղ˵꣬Ѱţ֪ͳɣͷһУǹŮǼңô˵
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һߣһ԰ղ̸Ӣʱ˻ϻӡ
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Щͷ߸ı䣬ʩҵԽԽأرǸί׷׹ر֮͸ʩˣԣСŮǰ߶˵֮Բܺǰָ飬ȫΪмиҶ
ҲΪɶʩ񻪵ԭΪʩǻҶͿ϶ҶˣԶزˡ
ʩˣ˺üȦʱû취塣
ղ࿴˵ҪŮе㲻ˡ
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ңղŴǻ£ʩһ治׷ϾǸʩһһŮġԶŮڣʩ׿ʩϿھ;ܰͽ
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ȷʵûȥˣٲȥ´ҪӢʡ棬׼ǲˡ
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ҹ𳵣صһµС
ĳվӢݺݵ򶫸С⹫ǰ棬߳˳վ
һվڣСѾͷۼؿ衣
裬裬һˣӢŽţһ߻֣һߺˡ
⽿̫أֵУԼСŮ
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骣ҽ˵ġ
ɰɣԼŰ졣ղԣٶʡ
ŮˣԼҪʲôԸȻᣬǾ͵ȰɣͷǸ㾭õˣܱץסᡣ
ţ˵ɣûɶı䣬Ҿӡ
ܵǮϹڣȹٿ
šղס
ŵӢ̸󣬻ϻӴˣһ·ߴߴ˵˵ǣųųֱů
ת˹ص˼Ҿ߳
ûݣӢͼվͲ¥̨ߣŹˡ
ְְ֣֣һˡտˣСѾͷ˦Ÿ첲Сȣݺ¥
ϣǼӢӿˣְˡ¥ݹսǴϵĹһѽӢЦǺǵϡ
Ҳְ֡Ӣ˵ְ֣۾ȴŹǵĹ飺ְ֣ʲôóԵģ
һֱŮһƿǣڸҼӢӣϲԵСŹǡ
ƿŹǵζʱӢıǶˣСѾͷһСӣְզ֪ϲŹǡ
ҹŮϲɶһ᲻֪ȥɣȥЪЪϰָˮŹǿҪˣСѾͷ鵽ϣȡ˸ӳ׼Źװ
Ӣӣ̫ˮȻҪԷˡһæµţһ߳գӢٺȵˮ
Ȼˮġ


59 
صеһʱܳԵְĲ,Ӣɸˡ
ϣӢС͸СƵģԿСŹ,ߵĿζͽʡͬϲʲôϲŵ㻨,ҪﶪŻ
ӢȻСȴ,ζСŹ,Խúóԡ
,ֻһݫ˿ݫ˿Ҳܺó,ģ˵ζŵ˵㣬СѾͷŹ,ͻһݫ,Եúò졣
극,ȥϴ,ղ졣
гһִⴲбӴ,ִͦõģղ࣬ʡǱûֱӴ
ղ,ʡǱ΢õ˼,õĶǱӴ,ռҾһűӴ
ղĻʱʼĥ
ǱӴã˯Ųӹͷľ崲˯ǴϵЩ鷳ִƺͦгģϴڹ翴ִڶȥˣҲִܺ
ͷȥƣûУоĥһ£ܲҪĻҲִԡ
˵̨ߣӢŸСʣڿذϴ룬ϴʱ򣬻˵ڽʡ£ؾͳͳڽʡˣȻ⹦̵ֻ֪Ǻܸˡ
Ůڽʡ£һ⣬µòС
ֻСѾͷȫ֪ĵģ˵꽭ʡץ˺ö໵˺󣬻һת˵񻪵£˵ϵСһǰһ뻹߸ˣһ͹۾Ƕãʩңһ顣
ˣںڵС۾ͬ񻪽㡣
˼ŮĻһ·ҲʵЩҡ뷨ûչأִӹŮԼֶ򶫣пҪս
骶ЩӦˡ
㣬һϴһŮ߶ȻŮ˵£ݣһ򶫵¡
ղõȷʵشɲǼĻ㱣ҲֻһЦһ£૵ռжսҲܰȫ
˵ˣϲսһأϾֻǹϵŰˣôչ˭Ҳ֪
뵽ŵ΢΢ˣȻһתղ壬ٻȥ
ղ౾ǴʹӢµģŮһҲе㲻ˣһ£ͷͬˡ
ʱ˰٣ղӢȥɽ԰һˣϵʱһ˰ʣķȣųһ٣ȻԼǼСøղסӢȥд˼䷿סһ
գûʱղ͹ŮˣһϰȥˡղŹȣӢȥܱ߼Щˣ׼ŮٷȻʹӢȥ
ӢС⹫ôţû
м˵ʱЩͬ˵˵бɽĽǱߣһͽ仵˵оö˶˵ˣȥɽǹлˡ
˵⻰ʱӢں۾ɴ󣬾òС
зɶ󰸣ǹеĶˡ
ɻʱ򣬶˸ʻ֡
Ӣɻ󣺡
СѾͷͷ룬ƺ뵽ʲôһˣ⹫½ǣĥҪȥɽ֡
ǹɶÿģ۾ղ಻Ӣȥ̫Сˣһ˺Ͼզ졣
Ӣ⹫ȣҡҡλΣ⹫ȥȥȥ
ղᶨҡͷ㻹СЩãȴˣ⹫ٴȥ
Ӣ۾¶⹫ȥĻҾúÿϧ
ղ˸ʻˣһ֪Ҫִеﷸʲôˡ
Ǹǡ
ȥȺҪƲˡҪȥǸİ׽ˣͳͳܴ
ӢǺĥˣܾ˵ܾĻ
ղ
ۿŮղЭˣУУȥԶ㣬һͳɡ
ţ⹫ߡȥֳͳɣӢŲԶǽء
Ϲ糵תһ˳˱ɽĽ
ִеر࣬Ӣ⹫ûߵطͼĽյǱ߼ˡ
ȥ꿪ʼʡͿʼϴִرأʱײϷӣܶ඼˵ʹһˣйɱˡܡй˿ڵɣﶼѲ
ԣֻǹС
Ӧмִǹӣɫ󿨳һÿһ϶վʮˡ
ÿԱ߶һ㲥ԱŴȣϷ˵С
ЩĻǹ˿ڵķˡ
ӢղվúԶСѾͷۼ⣬ڸһ˰֣󿨳̴ĽյʱǱߣиϤˣһӼǶֶ
ˣӢҪ̫Ϥ
ɾǮ
⹫⹫ѾǱߣҲȥӢС۾һæס⹫·⹫Ǯϱڵĵط˹ȥ
࣬Ľɽɽ˺˷Ӣϰ죬˲˼ţżǮϱߡ
ӢŽۣȴ˲ϡһǮϱǰСצһ죬һץסǮϱҲڰ
ǮϱÿˡﰤǧҪǹˣɸˡ
Ϊ죬ǺɰѪǮԼѾһһųƱ￴Ͷ̥ġ
ģ˰ҴԼǮ϶ԴǮ϶ڶͷۣкǮ϶ȥ˯ײİ塣
ӢӣɶʱģôҲ𾢵ǮϱԱֻСסԼͷһȻһ٣ȵʡ
ӢС۾ģҺ⹫һġ
˵ţָָԱߵղࡣ
ϣɻˣҪٲ̶ʰ·ȥʡˡǮϱһ˵ţһ߰ӢԼȱߡ
ӢԹתͷһԵѾһѾ㡣
ѾЦŵ˵ͷû˵ɶȻĿתƵ̳ϡ
ܿ죬ͿʼԷִǹˣǮϱçӣûç޿ɾҩһǹʱ˸ϰӢȻקѾȺߡ
´ո־ͳɣֳ棬СѾͷɼá
ҪǸСӢǸǹӣȥӲŹ֡
ӱúܣ˭ۣܴѾ׷ź̲ܹüˣȥѾõ鷳Ǳųͷ׷ҪһϺ̲£˵ӣǸ沸ųȡ
֪Ϊɶ꣬ȫΪСѾͷһ߾͸Ƶģһֱʱ䣬һ㶼ȥӵùͷ
ǮϱһŸھԽԽƢһߵߣǹûɶÿģѾ㲻ǺԼˣҪ﹩ߣȥ
Ӣ񻪽Ҳ
Ѿͷţɻ̸飬ŽñӣڹǱߡ
Ӣһ񻪣һת⹫⹫Ҫȥ񻪽㣬һʱҴؼңһȥ𣿡
Ҫȥ񻪽㡣
񻪽£ͳͳѾˣҪһʱ񻪽£񻪽ˣ϶ܸˡ
ӢӸȥͷҰȥǶǮϱӢĻͷһ̧æղ
ղͷţǶԶٷһȥ
ȣáǮϱӦһ鲻ĴС뿪˱ɽĽ
Ǯϱˣ½ôѪسѾ͵ûǮҲˡΪǴˣҪӵӣǹˡ
ѾҲܸˣüǣͬá
ˣЩ˶ˡ
ˣһ˶ˣɾˣԺܸɸɾˡ
ԭҲܸɸɾˡ
á
һһСˣͼ˵ӢҲˡȥ񻪵·ϣСѾͷǮϱСƨŲѾԱߣЦеظѾѾͶѾڽʡ
֪ѾͶѾ˳·ѾüһҲ֮ʧ
һΣǳ׵ɢˡ
ٿһ˿
ѾһֱǺƯŮȻҲᱻƽȥֵطü۵ĶɢȥɲǣĪģӢѾˡ
գ۵ĹͱøƯˡ
˵ƯˣǺÿˡ
ӢС۾գգСҲ΢Ц
ΪɶЦҲ֪ǾѾرƯرÿѾ͸ġ
ЦʲôѾͷһ˵ߴЦ
ЦҲ⣬ÿˡ
ӢرʵҲû룺ûЦɶҾ;Ѿÿϲ
ѾЦЦҽ㣬үȡ֣ȥ˻ڣѾѾ
ӢԾͽ㡣ܺÿҪЦЦ
ԺЦġᴹۣڶӢ˵ڶԼ˵
˵öԣȻֺαԼԽԽٻһôûһӡ񻪸ǻӷҪţǷĺʲôġ
ҡ
ƽĹεǰô裬ô裬ʲôſͳɡ
λӢ˵ÿǮϱ۾Ͽһ̾Ӣ۾ǰզûѾôÿأ
ܽѾˣҪ㣬֣㣬Ѿ㡣ӢͷҪһ¶
Ѿǹȥδ
Ѿƺóˡ
ǮϱڨڨһЦϰˣϰˣһʱûĵù
Ӣӣ⹫뿪ʱ䣬ԣѾͷѾҰү̲Ա߻˿լظǣŪأԺѾҪھˡǮϱһ˵ţ߿㡣
ѾͷҲǸбµģ棬˭Ҳû뵽ѾͶѾ뿪ܺǼ󣬴Ұ
㣬𣿡Ӣϲ
ˣԺ󣬾Ҳܶʹˡ
ã̫ˡ
͸ð
΢΢һЦˡ
ǮϱһҪ˵ģܲѾͷǽöڿˣ£⼸꣬ôˣͺˡ
˵ðǮϱòС
ҷִѾͶѾˣһҧѾģĸˣűⵣһҪѾӡ
Ѿۼ⣬²ԣæöҼңűܿ˵һѵ
ĸİһֱҼ棬һѾӣƺѾҪҳǾͰ˴һ
һֱ졣
ҼԼӳҲЩӻŮ˴죬һ˴ӣȥɽӵĴӳʹ֧ˡ
˿ɲҡ
һѾ̤ҼңȻãһҪģӳʹ֧Щ꣬ҵĲס
ССĹŮڵϣһĿޣģ˶Ūˡ
һ䣬һ䣬ָҵĲǡЩŰŮ£һһ˵˳
ӳʹ֧֪ҼŮǰʲôӺֻǳһұգȴãǳܲá
ŮѾ󣬴֧Ѿʲô㡣
Ѿȷĸߴ֧飬Ҫǰңٴңÿ϶ᱻǰ
֧鿼һ£ϸʣµŮ˻ڣסĵطŮլأȻǿӲñһٿǮŮǷӡԺŮֳȥǻûϵ
֧֣Ҳԭģũ壬ѾģѾǰֻҪǲԼ⡣
Ҽˣ붼û뵽ӳʹ֧龹š
ǲɣ˽й˵͵ĺ۸ҡȻ£Ҽˣãܻȥġ
Ϊұԣһݣͱġ
ͱ˹磬һ֣Ҽģʱˣټ֡
Ů׻Ƿֳȥˣֻһʼ֧˵һٿ飬ֻʮ˵һʮǮǳԺˡ
Ǯ֮ơ
ұʯ̲ӿǮԱߣŮһլء
֮ԳôＸŮʵӰ졣
ֶϱְһˣǵӳģѵΪ
ȣƤӵ¡
լغǮҴͷŮӣ޳ģǰ˽ӣôܻٷãȴڷԲϡ
Ҳûɶо͹Ǵǽ
Ӳ࣬Ҳֻéݷһ˯ãһݣԱߣǮ϶ȥɽЩӣӸ˸ڷĳýס£Ժ󳤴ˣ˵ҪҪӡ
ⷿڻ϶ӦҪ죬Ůܰˣʱ䣬סǮϱҵġ
ײȹǮϱǮţǮҸжͷȻ֣ܲټŮڿˣסһûɶìܣԽԽг
ǮϱŶµļŮԽҪŮˡ
ǮϱСţСѾͷྣһ˵˵ĵĹ硣񻪽ڹñӣһ³Ϳڹ棬ʰ¨񻪡
þûмԼ񻪽ˣӢһˣ͸Ƶģ˦Сȣ񻪱ȥ
񻪽㣬һˡӢС۾һر񻪵ӡ
СѾͷȷ񻪣ȫԽϵĵһˣңǾͳˡǵϣڽʡǻĻô⹫ʩҵ¡
Ӣĳ֣ƺ񻪺⣬ʰһϤҲû룬תͷ˹ȥ
СѾͷüĿһչЦ־ͱ˹
һѾͷһĺӣ񻪶Աһ㶼İ˱󣬻ø·˿ˡ
ӢӣɶʱģббرӢϲʡ
Ҫ˵Ӣȥʡܹ壬˭ǣ壬ͷĪ
һˣ߾һֱŸҡҡλεССͻȻһ죬ˣһͲһ£ܲϰߡ
ǰãӢӼŻˣȥʯ̲Ǳʹ̣ʲôʱȴûõȷϢ
˻ˣҲ֪զصģͻȻľ䵽ʵˡ
һֵֺܹĸо
񻪲ųָоϲӢ󣬵һı˰ɡ
ģ񻪽㣬Һ㰡һȻؼˣø㡣˻ӢǸ˴˶ģְ裬үү̣̫̺־ѧ磬񻪽㣬ǵˣˡ
ǰһ죬Լȥġ
ţðллӢӡ
һԣȵСǮϱЦⲻ֪ģ»Ϊ׽ء
˵꣬ǮϱһתͷԱߵ˺ȥ㶫㿴ӢӺŶԣ㣬һ
ñӵ˺ЦЦãȥɣҿǡ
˴кһԣ񻪣ӢԱ˵̫Ѿһֱ̫ɹһӢСɹզ졣
񻪵ͷ˺˵һǣӢߵԵ¡
񻪽㣬Ҹ£Ժ󶼱ѹˣǸ«Ļ̣裬ڽʡȫˡһطӢȲҪ񻪣ķ֡
Ӣڽʡôأ䲻Ӣͻһ仰
Ӣȫ̲µˡһʼΪۼ⣬˵һйصˡһڣ˼
һ٣ؿӢ㣬ڽʡˣ
ӢСԴ͵㣺ţˣǣһϢ񻪽㣬ǱǸ«Ļ̣͵վġ
ӢٲԼڽʡϢһԵģȫ񻪡
ȫܲһЩѶϢ
ɰɣôҲֻһ꺢ӡ
Ҳ񻪲СȻҪˡΪֻҪǱСʲôԭ򣬶û취ܡ
񻪾Ӣ˵һԣȫ̵㣬۾Ȼһ̧ŵؿ񻪡
ûһ¾õ󣬾顣
ƽ͵ġ
㣬ʩҺңҪȥ𣿡˵껰Ӣ̧Сʡ
񻪾ĬСƬ̣Ӣӣ⹫ٰҴ֪ҡںǵĵַ
Ӣһ¡
Ӧ裿
񻪵ͷұͻɣ«Ĳ裬֤ʵҲ費ҪģĵҲûʲôźˡ˼ңҾãӦ֪һţҹúܺá
һҺӵʲô񻪱˭
ϱѰѰ˰һֱŮ
ŮŮҲǷҪϣֻ֪Ůǲǻţúûǲãûб۸
òãֻҪŮԸߣҲߣŮԸ⣬ԶԶػ
̫˽飬ãӦҲһ
ԣбҪԼ裬úܺáȻ뿪˵ģ˺ĵҴүĸ
ĸϱһȴûһ츣Ⱳӣ϶ǲ뿪ǵġһһãΪһϡ
ֻҪ費Ĵڣʲô鷳һúТ˳ġ
ʩҡ
ӢӶܿһ鷳ļͥĻῴ
ˣ͵ʩԵɣֻͺá
ⱲӣкöºöҪûЩȥһЩɵڡ
һû飬һҪԲĴѧΣȻںʵʱ䣬ʵĵص㣬ȥǸҫ۵ҪǸûĸŮԵݵŮһ˼䡣
ⱲӣһŮһҸһ˹ߡ
֪ˣһͷ͸⹫˵⹫үүȥţϢүүҪģ˵ǸԺԱܶǴѧӢԲҶԼԲĶ񻪡
ȻҲ֪ҶǸʲôˣүү⹫λ԰̵ְҵﶼ⹫үүˣ϶
񻪵ͷǺллӢӣߣȥ׷ۣǵڱɽʱȥԵ׷ȥһΡ
ǣҺ㣬ŴӱɽӢе£֪Ϊɶ׷ҪôԶԺҲ׷۵ĵ갡
񻪿Աߵ㣬ȥе£˳ȥ׷ۡ
ӢգգۣԺˡ
תͷɻؿ㣬ͷҲŵͷãȥ׷ۣҪ˵һ£Ȼᵣġ
񻪿ŹԹҪ˱ٵС΢Ц϶ǵġ
˵ţߵ˺ߣҲ֪ô˵ģֿ˿㣬˵ͷȥ
ʮˣͣڴǴӣͷũ廹ǳУӴСģԣ˺ܷ񻪺Ӣһȥ档
˴СϹֻһ˱ɽ
˱ɽȴȥһ«ӡӢ֪ԭߣҲǰ񻪽һǮˡ
ӢеҪʲô
СѾͷзִ磬֪Щʣԣô棬ҲֻǺ棬ͷβû֨
ǼŶ̵һСᣬˡ
ǣ񻪺Ӣһȥ˵Ǽ׷۵꣬һ룬ϱӵûԹ˿׷ۡ
ԵĺԵúܣһ㲻ʣĺȵøɸɾ
Ҳһ˺ԼƵģܣϣӢ顣
Ӣе¡
ǳ׷ۣΪɶ㣬ͻȻ䣬ء
ӢͷԼʣµȻҲѧ񻪺㣬һȹ⣬ȹһ£һͬɵı顣
жµߣԱߺСĪЦˡ


60 
Ӣ㿴һԺ,ΪԼմ˶Сצצһ죬ӶһС־,˹ز˲͡
񻪼һЦȥ˽ˡ
̫ر,ˮ·ڷ̣׷ۣСǣ˻ȥĳ
ѿ,Ǯϱſ˵̫,վڹſ,ĵˡɨ·棬߻СѾͷ,ǮϱȻһɣݺݵ˿
ȣӢ˹ȥ
˻ṷ̂Ǽӿ,Լȥ,Ӣ,Ͻ,Ҫˣٲȥ,⹫õˡ
Ӣȥһ˱ɽ˳·׷ۣЩʱ,һֱȲ˻Ǯϱ,ΪŮ,Ķˣƫ˺ȴûһ𼱣˵񻪶죬ˡ
죬Ҳֻ꣬˸ʮѾɵġӢӿҵӣһ£ǿɵ
˻ˣǮϱ˿
񻪽ˣȻǵȥŶӢǮϱСһתת񻪻ӻ֣ߵǮϱǰ
ǮϱһѽһŶִˡˡ
㿴ŷǮϱ΢΢һЦ񻪶һۣȻǮϱĽŲ
ȥ˼Ҿ߳
Ҿ߳Ѿ°ˣ骿ǮϱҲˣڼҾ߳緹Լ˸ˣ˵档
緹ϢһȵǮϱղСȥվ׼ؼˡ
վʱ򣬹Ȼ˼Ҳ˳ŷֿûõСһ棬һȻһ·ֹţ˸ʻ
Ȼֹ˵Ӣֻżٸ䡣
ӢҲֹúܸˡ
ӷ˿˿ⴵ˰һ֣ʱ֣ɻ˹ЩûŻؼңڹƽ³ྡ
ĳһ˲Сϻ˹
ǰģǸͷССﴩżɫСȹӣͷСһ߹СͲˣ˦Сȣ·ǳȥСèһЦž塣
̣һˡСѾͷ¶Цһܣһ߳ƽһྵ˺
ϤĽںͱ˵ܹһ٣ٿصͷ￲ȥ
һȥͼʯ̳￲ϣԼ˺þõСŮ۰Ƶ˹
ϣҵĸԹŶǻˡܹԼޣһ´ȣȻƲһȺŮˣߵӭ˹ȥ
̣̣һŶûҰӢЦеģһܵߣֻС첲ͱ̵ϡ
ܹЦǺǵһѽ˵ΥĵĻ룬룬ɶ룬ȥݣֲǲˡ
Ӣ˫ֻס̵Ĳӣǹ£ƭˣ˵ңöҪȥʡˡ
Ϲ˵ġֺܹǺǵغСŮԻ˵ˣ۾ȥ￲ϡ
ղæ׼һˣʱ䣬ӢӸ鷳ˡ
鷳鷳Լʲô鷳ġղŹȣߺЦܹ
СӶһ궺˰궺ӣв鷳ģһ·׼ҿ϶ˣǻȥһܹҳԱߵ˵һ䣬ղӢʯ̲Ǳߡ
һ˵߾ˣǮϱûߵóˣȥ￴ǹлģȥʱģĶ֪˳ǡ֪ǹлȲ֣ûгɶ£ĻߣⲻŲŸ̤壬ϻӾʹˡ
ʯ̲ߣӢţСһ·߶߶߶̣ж
ܹһûޣ˵룬ʵҲСŮһýȥ·ȫڸŮ˵ֻżŻղ
ʯ̲ʯ̲һԵͷྣ˵𾢣һͼܹӢˡҲʹţˣŹȣкûһһȳһȳæߡ
Ӣӻ˰һ߾͸Ƶģ´οɲˡߵԺͺӢ
ͷܹһ˸Ůһʼ徲徲ûýˡ
үһˣҸʡ˿̵ȥԵġӢүҲܹˣ䵽ϣߵܵүǰȻʼԡ
ϣȥһˣ֪үﰡˣˣүû㡣Ů˵üͷ
ʵﲻĲҪҪСŮġ
⻹СأԶž֪ˣЩӣ˭Ӣİ
Ӣӣɶãɶү˿ܹӢ˿һ£
ǹٳˣСŮ˿
̣ҲСɣɺóˡӢһŤͷ̲ˣæغ̡
ɶʵүүﲻ׼ģүүñӵģ⹫̵˵үү麵̣ǣ̵͸̣
Ϊ˲Ӣһת˴ı¨
¨ղ뿪ʱǸȥʱ򣬱¨װһ󱳶ʱⱳ¨һ
ӢСƨɣڱ¨ҰңڰԼúóԵСɸ˳Ȼ̡
̣С˺öö࣬źʹǷҲ棬ͷǸȥӢ̿ġ
ܹûĸӢСѾͷĻܼüͷһɣӢģ֪Ŵóˡ
һ˵ŻԺӡ
һݣܹˮ˵ܼµľϣ׼ңˣϴһ¡
ũֻҪչˮȻˮȻˮѾôȺˣ죬ϴոպá
ղһšϴӢҲǰԼϴ⹫һϴ
ղϴʱ䣬־ֵ
ҪǸģ˼ˣϵɳҲôãʱڽ̽Ķˡ
мලţ׼һȥʱ򣬲ǰɳӵһ𣬸տʼǼ죬ֵܻеϰˣҿǰɳ´ڣû׷ǣӦϰˡܣֳ̲֣
һ߳飬һߺղྡ
ྵʱο
˵ϱȢĺãԼƣ²ֻôˣԺ󻹻ȥ
Դ⹫˺ԽԽǿ׳ҲԽˣң֪զ£Ӿһҹ䳤ĸо
һ˵ĸоż£ɶ¶ҪӲˡ
ٰ󣬿ˣٺ⻹аţˣ׼ң徲һ㰡ٺ׼̽ҹ򡣡
壺ְ̲Ƭ־ͺ徲
ղࣺǲɣ˶ܾ࣬ġ
ܹͻȻӻɽɣɽƾǱߵķعƽûʲôȥ
˻ܹ𣬵ȥظ
ܹ𣺡ɶģǷظסźüҵڣԼҺк⹫Σ۳žҪϢˣǸ˻أɶأ˵ǡ
˵ܹؾԼ˵ĺ
ԣôɣȥعǱ־ڿǸˣʹ˾ıϢ
壺
ô
Ϸعסźǵ̫үأ̫үгϢ϶ܸˡ
еɣȥعҾȥǱ߰µʯͷˣȵż٣ȥǱһ
ԱߣӢϴѾĵû취ү̣ܸоﲻԡ
׼ң־ǶʼҹˣӢأӢɶʱɳ
Լү죬ֵӢүĻͷϿһڹǰеڡ
ͳͳ꣬СȶûأżЩھͰɳ⡭Ժͳͳùģ
Ӣ뵽ˤƣ䲻һ
⹫⹫ȶ̣ɳҪ󵽴ˣ·󣬲󡣡Ӣ㤣һѱס⹫ȣں۾µµתҪҪȥ
ǵɳǸͳͳСһȥǿɾˡ
ɳԻΪһֻҡҡڰڣ·׾졭
󣬲ǹŮңʲôɳղഹͷŽűߺµСѾͷæ
˵ˣ̧ͷӢӾͲˣͷ󲻵ãԺҲð󡣡
ӢӣֻҪסԺ󲻹ܸʲô⹫ĺȺͳɡ׺˯ôͲˡŮŮӵĽ̷ϣŮ޺в׺ھһ־ǲ
־кӣ֮ԣǣŻѵѵ
ӢһðɳŶСüͷһ¾ɿˡ
ݺ˿СצצĨ˰ѶͷˣһΪҪԺҪأ
壺ɶ
Ӣһ·һһߣҡҡڰڵĶϴκʹȥ԰п
·ƣȤӢϳ˳
ǺǡԺ·ֻ졣
Ӣүζ񣬸оﲻԣƤسүСӣˡ
̣ȥһҸ̫˲ݵǣҸ̫͹ȥ
ȥɣ̫áѾʼܹӦһӳһӣ忴ŵȥֲˡ
Ӣܽ䣬ԼС¨ȡ̫үдү̡־ѧĶװϣȥ˹
ղСȻûӢʲôһ׺ȴʵڸıӢ塣ٰǰӢûһС¨ġʱ߸棬ܰ۵¨Ķȼ治֪˶٣ƫȴһ㶼·͸ûһһһ¿
Ҿլ̫˵ӢˣŹȣԺſڵˡ
̫̫ȻӢСﴦʱ䲻ǰӢڼʱÿ춼լˣȻҲ治˶ãܻ̫̫ĺΣ̫̫ȴһûСѾͷĺˣԣһ˻ˣ͵ſڡ
;ãСȻ϶
Ȼûȶã̫̫ͳǱһһ˸Сˡ
·ƣ̫̫۾ãֱܷǾԼȵС
̫̫ˡӢ治ǴģǴĺ˭˶Ŀڷ
̫һһ֣Цˣˣˣ̫أ
̫ҸǣɺóˡӢݣС¨ŵԺȻСƨɾͿ
һܴǣĿˡûڽʡԹһκ󣬾;ʺ̫ԣԣʱ򣬴еࡣ
ϣۼӢԣ̫û㡣̫ܸˡ
ͷ̫٣ãܳˡ
ʱϰǮ־ҲˣʱͺܸˣǸ˺ָ˲һӢӿСǰɽײİ壬ûɶźˡ
ϣҲˣΪСǸĵģôĵСԺôῴүء
̫͸үĽЬȻǵøүŶһ̫̫ӢְѸүЬһ̫
⽺ЬӢүģʵЬʻҲүԼ᲻һļǹžǴЬֻж䲻µصʱ򣬲Żᴩ̫ĲЬ
үҲһ˫Ь˫Ьֻڸϼݵʱ򣬴һЬЬҲˣ˺ü
ү᲻ûǮͳͳµˣүӦþôˡ
̫꣬ӢֱС¨׼ȥүˣ̣ȥүˣ档
˵ţСѾͷӻ֣˾լҼȥ
̫˫Ьһ˫ۣ͸ο
ģġ
ûСӢӱĸĶʣúúãСڣԺ治ˣͷ˵˵ӢӣŮֵۡ
Ӣ͸ҺŶ÷Ǻүһġ
˿Сɣֻûү̶࣬߳˺־ѧ˾ûˡ
Ӣӣɣ˵ȥһ˽ʡ˭յôҺûء£ݵܴ죬յ˶Ĺţﲻþúܡ
ʲôһˣզͷֵôء˭УûУҪҪôԴ
Ӣһֱֻʺһƿīˮһıӵݸ־ѧȻۣؿܴ죺ǴĸӦҶ𣿡
Ҹ㶫ɶȫ˭жҺûУ㶼ˣΪɶҪ㶫ܴ첻ˬӢ
ӢСԴһҡǲһҲ꣬ǳøҶŶԡҸү̣ǽТ־ѧǽϲ㡭
Ӣܲ˵ʵϲģΪɶΪݳԡ
ĺݵץ˺ôôһѣǿСģϲ
ǣ㲻ϲңУ֪ˣһΪ㣬ܣСûĵģȴ˵ϲңҶˡܴһŤͷݡ

Ӣں۾գգԼеˡ
ϲȴΪܡ
ˣôҲΪͳͳܵĴͳͳǿϲһ°ɡ
Ӣ뵽СŲŲŲܴߣСצڶһǣﲻҸǣǾͲˣ´Ҫȥʡ϶Ҳ
ܴ쿴ӢļǣȻֳ˳СѾͷһͺõģǽ˹Ȼ߰غһݡ
Ӣ
϶Ķеë
һԣŶ÷ܴһСѾͷƽϣҲϱ鳵òС
־ѧޱؿܴһۣͷԼеıʡ
û˾Ϲѧǰڼʱÿ춼֡ʱ䣬ѧСѧ֪ʶȴ˾ʱ䣬Сѧαϵ֣ȫˡ
ĽЩԱȥѧУĺӡ
Ҳ飬Ӱ죬ⱲûнѧУĻᣬֻѧѾѧ˳һĿαˣ̫ˣһ֪ʶû˽̣ѧġóó
־ѧµĸֱʣӢ˵һллȻŽ˷䡣
Ӣͷ۲һûͻȻµø磬ֵֹģҡҡԴҺŶ÷˻֣Ժӡ
ȥ˼ңѸ񻪴ø
СǾͲôˣ񻪵ĶϲĺɫС
ַڽʡܶСŮУСͷϣرÿϲԣ񻪽Ҳϲ
Ӣ׼ؼˣ˺źɻȴͻȻӢȵȣ˵ҲҪȥҡӢԣǹԹ尢̡
ܿ죬˺źɻŶʮһǣһޣȥʯ̲ӡ
Ӣ֪˺ʯ̲ӸɶǸԺӺ֪ԭ˺źɻ⹫ġ
һ⹫ӢС۾һתݵһ䵽ϡ
񻪳΢΢һЦȻŴ˽ݡ
Ƕ£˺źɻûйĨǣղֱӵ⡣һңղæһ¡
̸ʱûʲôţҲκǿȻʱ¾Ѿ̸ˡ
θ⸸ĸͨģû֪ͨЧ˼ƺ֧¡
ղࣺȷˣ
һӣؿ˼ҷޡ
ǵ˶⡣ףȥңǱ߲ͻҪߣ浽һ죬ǰ׸ˡ
ȷˣ壬鷳Ҵ費أȲ˵񻪻زȥ£ٰɣҪ֪񻪻ڡ˺֣
񻪵ԭ
˵ߣҵҲߣ˵裬аڵĵطߣҲԸߡøǸһţһúܺá
ԼŮԼ˼ҷ޶֪ãһŮŮССͣȻ˵ߣͿ϶ߣˣֺαǸˡ
ңȴԸǸá
ղࣺǳɣһͷȥţپһ¡
˵ղ˶٣ֵҹŮԣҶǸ˲ͬ־ںǷԺԱҪѣȻȥϢͳɡ
ȣ鷳ˡ˺ղԸææл
˵գӣƸܹ𣺡ӣ⼦ӢӳԣúӲ塣
ããõôҼӢǰÿأҪ㶫ҳʲôˣȥȥܹļرգ϶ȴְѼ˻ȥ
ռ˭ҵı˶ɣΨ˼ҵĲɣǹŮɾȹӢӣҪǵĶ
һһ룬Ҫ˵ԺҶǼҵˡźɻֽ˹ȥȻ첻ˣǾȻȥˣ壬¾鷳ˡ
˵źɻ˺˸˺⣬ǣ񻪾Ϳҡ
һǣźӣͣһڵӰбӳʯϡ
ʯϵбӰӵӢ֪ôģͻȻЦˡ
ЦС춼˿
ӢҲ֪ԼЦɶǱ뿪һڣЦˡ
ܹżп˼ǺõģҪҾԻģӻȥĻᡣ
ɲǣļҼĻǱСǲҴŵģ±˶죬СӲġֻ˼ӣԸŮġ
һ˼ŮɲһСӣСܲס˼˵㣬ǹŮԼ˵㡣̣п
˼ǹŮ˾ǲ˲ġ
ż갡ɵãԼŪһǮ··û˭ָǲǡ
źɻǳҲǿ˼ҹŮȹģ꣬ȳˣ֪жء
Ҳ׼ңָ鷳ˡܹ׼ȥ󷹣ʱе㲻˼سղ˵˾䡣
ղࣺû£Ӣӵϣ£Ҳ
ȣɲǡܹһЦȥ˳
Ӣûϴǵ̸СѾͷſżϣؿŵµӣֱǷѧŴӷлع
һعСѾͷæԼ硣
رǽʡ¿Сѧ飬֮⣬ùģ꼶꼶Ŀαкüϰ
Щ¸һģãǿ϶ϲ
õ־¡־ԡ
ħô
ΪʲôҪǡ
ǿԲҪ
ֵһ㶼ҪƫƫǻܾܾΪǵСŶˮĴ۾Ǳ
־üͷźۼس˳飬˵ΥĻϲллá
Ҿ֪ϲҺͱ㣬Ŵġ־µĻӢС۾˵ص
־£
аɣ˾ͺá
ټõϲãһûˣ־еˣ裬˵ڶûˣΪǵħ⹫һٴμӴǵѵ
ˣûϢ
һ쵽ϣڰɻҵȻ󡭡ڷعǱ
СкһΣ⹦ҪʵǾͳجΡ
ղסһֵܾ꣬ͱѵһ꣬һ֪꣬ʲôˮȡ
ԭΪһ꣬⹫ؽʡǾͽˡ
˭֪⹫ÿٶҪһΣԻֻпգҪȵʲôʱ򡭡
ÿٶҪѹեһεСкһֱСѧ꼶Сѧ꼶ռһ⹦ȫˣų״ﰾˡ
ʱ䵯ָ͹գۣ͵˰ꡣ
һӢ꣬꣬Ѿʮꡭ
ߣΪѧУԶСӶձһ㶼ǰȥ飬ȴͣһҪѧҪѧӢԥҲҪȥѧ
Ӣѧʵ꣬ղд̸֣
ǻӢ꣬ȴѾ꼶ϲȫˣˣֽܿһЩ顣
ղľŮĴͬЩġ
Ϊĺӣ뷨ȱ˶࣬ã·
ܹ׼ҺͶϱԼŮܴ˼ЩӢȥѧУ뷨ղ骴סˡ
ռԸŮϣӢ粽ѧУ
ΪǺ̫ĺӣаܳʱֻǼ꣬ǲĨɱӢΪͯꡣӢСһһ˸ѧͣȥѧ
ӢҪȥѧصңһʱ䣬ͰԼҲҪѧ뷨̡
ܹûһڴӦֻӢѧǳɣְˣ̺һ¡
ǶҪѧˣ̣ҪȥɣãһûȥľߡӢһҪȣЩסˣ׼ͽȥҰѧ¡


61 
Ӣȥ,˫ãżݣȻԼʰ,׼ȥҰְ¡
ҵżߣӢ·ݾѾˣСȻû취ż,Ŀٳܿùȥ
ҪѧˣϸС񻪽,Ҫֱȥ϶꼶
񻪽ͳͳı,Խϵͳ,Ϥ漸ʮķչø񻪽ĽŲ,顣񻪽Ҫ꼶ҲҪ϶꼶
ܹ˳ʰ׼ǵŮ۾幵˳ȻĶ,ϵĻ,,ȥ
ȥ˼,ǹŮǲҪȥѧˣ,˼ҴúıѧɽûѧУѧҪȥɽ,Ҫȥ,·̶øСʱ,ȥɽ飬Ǿ͵ɽȥ϶飬ȻɽִɽҲкöСɽ¡
оǣǰӢٶ飬ʱֱӸ־ֵһȥϳУСһ꼶ոպá
ܹȥ˼ңһ˼ҵ˼ȴ룬Ҫֱ϶꼶Ϣ
ܹж£
Ǵ鰡
ӢӺһľӢӿ϶ҲҪ
ɣȥ
ܹʵ׼ȷϢæ˼ҡӢѾԼ·ϻбһһҪ׼˵ӡ
̣ϽŶڳȥͷǰ೵ҪˣǾ͵ȥˣ񻪽˵Ҫȥϱѧˣǵÿ㡣ʰõӢ̻ˣæߴٵ
񻪽ҪֱӶ꼶ѧУУʹ˵ȾѧУĲԲС
úòܶ꼶ãǾֻһ꼶ˡø㣬񻪽Եʱһȥԡ
üüȥ·ȥԼҸү˵һǽˣܹݣһ˵һ߽ݻ·
ӢһСȥԼң֪ͨү
û̽Ǹɶ˵һ֪ˣֺ
صңܹѾʰãŹϣϸȥǵϵʱոպãһϳȥĳͱ·
һСʱĳһһڰǰִɽƽ·
ɽƽ·ɽߵĺܽСѧѧһһУѧر𷽱㡣
ӣһСӵ뷨ȥ·ݵʱʵˡһʽƽһλ·ŹϽʦķӡϽʦسǺȻƽˡ
ͷﻹûɶ¥ЩƽԺӡľһƽһԺӡҲǿԽ׵ˣǰЩ꣬򷿻͵͵ס
ӼԺӣܹ߰ٿ顣
ҲǸɣǻ˵ǮضΣúܷԺѧͽƽ
ӾͰᵽƽߣԣӢ̽ǣҲȥҾ߳Ǳˣֱƽ·ߵĴƽ
裬ˡ
ƽ⣬Ӣ˦СβüͷЦıܽԺ
骺һεľܴм
ôˣԺңȥ档æϵĻӢļ́ͷӢܹЦЦǸϽݡ
⼸꣬رеıӴ
ӴĸӺĴִľӴгܶ࣬ر
ڼҾ߳ϰ࣬˰󣬾ڼӴ
ӴĴܼܺ򵥣Ϲһܴʮ״ӣִѶȫɱһϣб֯ҪĴ
ҲѲ
ũ˲٣Ҽһõ£ƤġʻǱߵɽĲ˵ر࣬ƤȻצƤץɢ˿ٽ˿ͳɡ֯رҪ󣬲ܴ֣ҲϸôСųɡ
Ӵ²ͬҪرࡣһŴ͵ðҪִ꣬һ¶겻һŴҪӡΪˣ˼죬רŪ˸ҡľ
ľԼһ˸ߣʮľװġ
ӺŵľϣҸװܹӣмʮֽǶһԲ̣·һҡľĵ
ԲϺӼһõֻҪץסӵֱһתԲ̺͹ǣˣֻҪŪõ˿ҵϣһˣǣһȵ
ҡ׵ģһĹӣһֻһΪýʵһŽʵ̨ľǰһҡڣܽʳһɡ
½˴κܴ죬óͳջһϼңôǣ̻ǣȵɣʮΪһһһǮ
רľЧر죬ʮɳֻҪһСʱ
ĿǰֻϢʱһҲʮŴʮŴĿǰṩģΪ⣬ܴɸˡ
ҳ˴ڶǣڼǮˣܲ𡣵һܱңΪܴѾܿգȥˡ
ִʮĿǮһţ˽ǮǼĹʻߡ
꣬Ѿ𲽿ˣͷ廧⣬ö˶ǵһзˣȴڵ֪ͷ˼ٸ˳죬ѧϰú˸󵨵뷨
ţҪҪѳĻˣһСͼҾ߳Ҿ߳ӴһǮԺ󣬵ʱг߾ͳɣ¼Ҿ߳Ū²Ʒ
ĿǰҲֻ롣
쳧̫ӣǰѡַ֡ṩ취Ū
رԴӴҪĶʱ쳧ˣǵԻܶܶ࣬ɾͲһҾṩ˵ġ
ʵ˵ѾһҵˡƤɢƤĹߣдľÿһһЩ򣬲ɼҾ߳ɣȥղС
ôôգǸ飬һһС
뵽쳧骲ɵ뵽ͷ˳ϢϢ֤˹ҿõľģֻҪŹߣһԼСԽԽáԺˣһݼҵӡ
˵ɳϢʵ֪ͨġ
˭뵽˼ǱĹŮһô衣
ѾǺŮˣλŮʿҵϾֺĳЩ棬㡣
ǰ˼æϢһҶͷѡУ˼ٸѧеһ
ǻҶ׶УѧϰϢȴϵˡѧϰ꣬ǰϦе˲Ű񻪵Ϣ͵ϡ
ˣΪҪɻˡ
æ֮£ҶֻһƬİٶǮһţת˼ҡ
֣ͨ͵˼ҵġ
ϵͦ˵ģҲȷһ˼û취˼ϸ̸Щ£˵񻪾ʹ˼ңȵһһ㣬˼ұȥӴһߣһ飬ع
ҶˣղսѣսϵԱ׶ְҲΪ⣬Ҷȫûлɴ˵Ļ
˼߽ţôû֪һ˻Ǻǰһڡ
裬裬п𣬿Ժһ񻪽ҪȥѧУѧˣҲѧ裬ȥұòá
ӢԺӣϱķҵǽ϶ϣСһţһﺰ˳
æ骣ŮĻһ٣ͣѧ꣬ۼҲȥϣȥɽһСʱ̫Զˣѧɣʱһ
Ӣѧ£õġ
·̫ԶϿţҪǺһģڲһ㣬·һʲô£ô졣
裬ȥѧˣ񻪽ҲѧˣһûѧӢ˵ҪѧСһֻץס骵ĸ첲ҡҡ
ҡʱСҲŻ
ѧ
˴֣ЩסСŮȻӢĶ
Ӣ۾һתְ֣Ȼ϶裬ְܵߣţҪ񻪽һѧ
ѧǵúһϡý񻪽ĽŲһߡ
˵ѧţͳͳû
̧ۣ骣骣ӢһֱûɶС飬ѧȥһˡȻȥɣ־ǾҪˣʱ򣬰һתͳɡ
ӢСԴ͵㣺ԣԣһˣɹµˣûСˡ
תɶģͳͳû
ǻͷҿҲͦõġ骺ЦؿŹŮȴڿҪҪùŮڹһѧ
ӢС죺ҲҪˣͷ˵񻪽ҪѧҲŰͷһȥѧУңѧУѡˣȫȥ϶
ͷҲҪȥˣ룬ˣһȥɣǻȥ
ȻĶҪȥѧУǾһȥɡ
Ҳֻ϶һ꣬־º־Ҳ϶꼶·ǿţӦҲɶΣա
ˣлл衣ӢһɿڣüͷһߵʱСС
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Ӣˣڵץʯ档
˱գһ٣ܹӢһϡ
СѧӣѧУſȫǴġ
ʻ¸ûѧУңѧУҲÿ궼඼ɽһһѧҲ¹СѧߣÿյѧȽ϶ࡣ
ӢʮµĳߵѧУſʱһھ˺Ů
Ӣӣˡ񻪿ӢЦ֡
񻪽㣬ûûͨҪĸʦԣӢûѧУ񻪣ΪԼˣСһǣһ˲;ɥˡ
ͳͳһ䣬񻪽һ϶꼶أ񻪽㶼ˣô죿
ûأղҰȥˣ˵ٵһڳ⡣񻪵
Ҫ˴磬ĸʦԣҴӢҲȥһ£Ӣӱ骣֪ԼŮֱ϶꼶¡
ΪѧУѧǰأϾû׶԰ѧǰҪһԷʦѧ
ڲԣһ㶼ġ
ΪӢʱѾ꼶ĺѧѧˣѧⷽ棬綼ЩȲ
СѾͷĺܣΪʲôûѧҲᣬ˫޹۾شͻѽ͵ֻҪϸϵ⣬ҵɣȻ󡭡ͻˡ
˵ҹɣԼһ¡
̸Ҫԣûһ㷢𣬻ϽŮȥ⡣
Ӣ裬ѧУʶʦ϶꼶񻪽һ
еûӦù꼶
һԣ˺廰ãǰҹѧУУˣУ˵꼶ԣǵòһ£Ŀǰѧ֪ʶܸܲϣҪѧܲ⵽ʮ壬ֱӶ꼶
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˺֪ŮԴôġ
զôأҪûǴҲһǰڴĺǶɡ
һ£û˽̵£һ꼶ѧˡ
Ӣӣ꼶üι˾
Ӣӽ꣬ĻǾСѧСУʱʮͻϴѧ
񻪽꼶ҾͶ꼶ӢС̧֣
骿ŹŮԥһ£ɣǾʹӶ꼶߰ɡ
ˣʮϴѧСС˵㣬Ҳࡣ
лл衣Ӣüͷһչ˵
˺;꼶ĸŮбҪһǣɶãҪģûǵôһ꼶ߡ
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ʻСѧУźɻø磬˺죬ڣ˼ϣԣŸ˵ȥУ
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ͬʱѧУʦ칫һɫЩ㲵Ůʦͷæų⡣
칫ֵ͸ŴͷŮʦԼĹУûһ˿ŵĲá
顪
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һʮͷ˸Сƽͷʦźһ飬߳˽
ʦ߽칫ңŲŮʦ΢Բĵ磬ҿ㻹Ǳô๦ˣŪͳɡ
Ҫ˵Ƕһ٣һ¹Ů׶԰ûϹǼҳû֪֮𡣡
˰칫ңʦһ£Ҫѧظ鵽ϣﻹֹһ䣺ѧУŹٵ˽еˣʲôѧգȥʮĽࡣ
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̧ͷ˵ʦʦǽ˵ʦֻҪѧ˵ʮ꣬ʮҲỵ́УĺӣҳȻѧУǾ͵Դ
˵±ʣЩ۵ĶͷղУаѧ⣬𣿡
ݶһ£е㲻ˬϵ۾óѧһ꼶ĩӻʣ˼ţҵȻֱͳɡ
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ǽĵģģѧûʣľӣֻԼ⡣
ݶͷд磬ȥ
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̧ͷһۣ΢΢̾˿
治֪εôͰݶĸûĵĸнѧУ
ʦʦ˽̺Ƕ֣ýƷ£ݶ֪ʶĻƷȴʵЩá
˽£ܻ˵ϺӵĻ巣ѧɼõĺӡ
ȥ࣬ѧɼ룬Ϊ⣬ذѧУǰӵľߺиˡ
ǣʮ飬ûʦ
ʦԾӳ𣿡ӣ׼ձʱ칫űСѧУŹٴƿ
ŹʮͷһɽͷȻһ˿ȴ͸Ŷ˵żΪš
ˣڿúˡŹٵ˵ͷ
Ź٣鷳ٳһݣиѧĺӣҲһԣԹˣֱӰŵǰࡣ
磺ãٳһݣüҳȰѺӴɣȻúڰ칫Ҳԣˣ˾ͳɡ
ŹٵͷʦأѧŪ𣿡
磺ʦ˵ֱѧڵľӡ
ҲɡŹ΢΢üȻת˺ѺӴɣȻԣҪܴﵽ϶꼶ı׼ǰѺӽʦС
ȣ鷳ˡ˺мسŹЦЦ
Ź٣ѧһ£Ͳкˡ
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Źٳ˺һЦȥæԼˡ
˺骶һۣȻȥУſڽӺӡ
УſڴӢˮ۾شѧУһͰѧУˡ
Сѧռʵģѧ¥Ψһĸ߲¥¥㣬ÿ㶼ңСѧһǳС
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ûǮĺӣһ㲻ˣʳķƱ뷹ȻʳµݷԣеĺӼ˲Ǯͻ˳ԡ
־ֵܶ飬磬һֱѧУʳóԷ
ʳúͽѧ¥ѧУ໹һ¥ķӣǶǽʦ칫Һͽʦᡣ
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˵ѾѾѧ˺Ҳ˲ΪȥѧǻʮˣΪѾͷ飬˺˺üŹ١
ŹٱյģŮǰЩĲҺ󣬿һ£ҲӦˡ
ѧǻᣬֵһ꼶࣬ܲɣղݶ̭ģǽ
ѾѾѧҪл㡣
ͷ㣬ûһϣѧġѾڽʡչˣǮǵʮ飬ÿԼֻ飬ǮţȻÿ٣ղʱղѾѾҲڵѧͽ֮ʦˡ
ûҹʦĲ÷ɣʦʦҲʮǮһ£԰סڶǮˡѾĹûȫš˵ǵܹˣڽʡŪСķӣϼҵöӳȥ
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֪ڹŶ̵һǮ˸⣬ũռȥ
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紮ռѼϼ죬ͽһˣһЩĸ徭Ӫм׬һۡ
һʼҲֻǵѼ֣ܵĶбģЩζĶҲʼˡ
˵㣬ǮȴڽʡĽ㻹Ҫࡣ
ǮˣȻҪֲϱӵһЩź
ϱӣöûܶ飬ⱲȻǶ顣ԣ˺ͽСѧһ꼶
ú񲻴ϲ飬ɼʵĻãӲѧŸտʼأЩˡ
¹ܳɼôⱲӣǲäˡ
Ӣӣ񻪽ҲҪѧ𣿡ѧУſڵСʡ
ӢͷţѧˣǿȥɣȻһؼҡ
ȣãǵȻѧУſڼӦһǣѧУ
ʼնͷ֨û֨һһֱ档
ӢѾϰˡþסԱߣǼ棬ÿ˵кĶ˵
㻰٣Һھˣ˵ĴֶֻùӢ뿪ҽãСüͷ񻪵
񻪿ıӰһ̫ҲǱƽ۸һӱȽҲһЩӦûá
ֻƽһ꣬þСﱻ۸ҡ
ѾѾѾǴ󷿵ŮôᣬЩʱҲܲͷϣѾѾȴͬѾһЩûôƽ۸Ѿȴʵʵڱƽѹ˺üꡣһֱѾܿ£ݱסķ䣬Ŵƽħצ˳
Ҳر
˵ϱֻѾǰסɱġ
㲻ѾȥǱ߻£ҶѾȫѹס̲鷳ˣɶô
ӢСüģе㲻ס
˵ҵļ㣬仯ġȥǰԽˬңмСǮ£ɶ˵ɶƫƫ˵еˡ
ҲǺõı仯ٲԿΨ㣬ûһ˿ı䡣
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˵ɶȥʦ칫ҲˡС˵ҽõʱ骺˺ӽʦ¥Ǳ߳ˣһ骾͸Ͻ֡
û˵ɶղſˣҲӢ˦Ÿ첲˹ȥҲ˹ȥ
ţ߰ɣȥԡһǣϹŮʦ칫ȥ
Щѱ꣬ʦ칫½ʦˡ
һʦͽ˰ЩͬѧǷѧѣЩͬѧѧû
ͷѧȻֻмǮũ˵ҲһʺܴĿеļãͺѧǷѧѣǮеļͥԸٳеѧѣֱӲúӶˡ
ÿѧڿѧܻһټĺӣҲһѧѣȴǷļҳ
ǽСͬѧλͬѧʲô֣˰
翴ŹؾվԼǰĺӣǸͿŲ࣬СôţЩ̫Сˣ
Ӣǰ˵ʦЦеʦãҽӢˡ
꣬ǿѧˡӢˣͷЦЦ
СͬѧŸŴһں۾Сһ㺢Ӹ漸֣Ϊֻء
ʦҽ񻪣ꡣ񻪵Ӣ˵꣬󷽷˸ҽܡ
磺ţ꼶ܸʦѧһ꼶Ŀα𣬶˭̵ģ
񻪣ԼڼѧģѾѧһ꼶ˡ
Ӣ񻪵Ļһתͷܳʵĵ̵ģ̵꼶ˣѧ꼶ˡ
ûûûͿ꼶飬꼶϶꼶ͳɡһԣӢ˵꼶Ҳû룬ڵ
ӢһСģֱԾǰ꼶ȥ꼶һ
꣬ҪӶĻҪȥˡ
ֻ鷭¾ͽжɣˣȲ԰ɣ˵ãҵİ࣬ѧܲϾʮ˷֣ǲյġһԣݶž˵Щϻļˣ鲻س
ּˡ
ȥͼԴøһŮѧ꣬˵󻰵ġ
ʦУղ˵ֻҪӲܹʮ壬㶼£У̸һ¡翴ͻȻѷᵽʮ˷ֵݶ۵⡣
ԽԽûˣȥһ꼶İ࣬һ꼶İ࣬һֻĸѧѧ˾ʮˣڶôߵķʲô˼
ǲѧֱȥУ˵ͳɣʲô


62 
Ӣ˵ر,ݶĻСѾͷһ칫Ҿ;ִ
Ϊʦϲ
һĸ,˺ҲЩˡʦǸֵ𾴵ְҵʦ˵Ļ,Ǵ˻С֣ضԴ
ʦһھ˵գ񻪻ѧ
񻪺һ,һ˿š
ͨ,һ㶼ûݶµķΪ,ԼҹŮˮƽ˵ʮ˷,һٷֶڻ£Բš
Ź鲻ţ骻üͷ
ãʦ,ƺЩѺá
粻źۼݶһ,ת,ҪԵСλͬѧ԰,ʱΪʮӣʮӺ,һվ
һԣݶ˵һ䣬ͺˡ
칫,ְѳľȡ,İ칫ϣ,е£Ȼһ˰ɣͬʮ꣬ҹġ
˵գҲͬͬ⣬תͳ˰칫ҡ
칫ʦܶ࣬ҿݶɣҡҡͷиŮʦݶıӰһ
мҳڳʦҲ˵ݶʲô׷£Լ¡
ӢԹϣȡõǦʣʼ⡣
绹Ҫ༶ѧǵϢûٿڣͷдֵӣæµ
Ӣдֲ죬Ҳ
һֱζûκͣ٣ûСӣù棬ôͷһǳɰѾֻмӷҳʱͣһξӡ
ǻ涨ʮӣֻȥʮӡ
ӷҳ̧ͷһۣӢѾӷ˹ΪСͬѧǲԷҳˡ
û˵ʲôۣæԼġ
һߵӢ΢һ㣬Ȼѧһʱ䣬ϱӣֻСѧҵʱ˺Ȼ岻ãټ̹ѾȫѧˣԼûȥˡ
ڼι˼ʹһ㣬ͺʹһȥˡ
ЩʵԣʱӢҪһЩ
ҲͨСӿ죬ľӢֻ˶ʮӣȫдֻ꣬˼ӣ˶涨ʱ˾ӡ
ѧѣд꣬ҲûǵľӣֱӰݶµľӵݸǣǼ
ѧӢ˵̫ˣСѧ꼶ļӼ㣬ֻ־ܵó𰸣Ӻ˼Ӧ⣬ٶɲһ˿¡
Ӧ۾һ󣬾ֱӰдϴ𰸡
ģдô죬ƫд֣ȴ;ӡһģһǦɫӡˢɫ֪ͬģΪдĴӡȥء
ӼѧҲͬûѶȣϾϱӻʮüû飬ȴ٣ԣҲܿˡѧӣСﶼֻð˷Ӿˡ
ĺ㹤ȴûꡣ
СѾͷ£Ͱַŵϣֱͦ˱ţû
ûעλͬѧʦȴп
С˱ʣиʹŮʦԼ칫߹ӡ
ʦλͬѧѾдӣˣһ°ɣˣҲǻؼҡŮʦһڣͰĿתߡ
ôˣ̧ͷ۰칫ǽϹҵӣ
ӢСһ֣ź۾ʦˡ
紹ͷ۶ŵĺӣȻһЦõľȫ˹
չûü۾һǹ˾ָˡ
е¡
Ӣѧӣ涼һ£һʱɶӦûˡ
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磬ղݶӡ˴𰸵ľ𣿡
磺ǵľӡ𣿡
Ůʦ
ûС
ԣžĴ𰸣ӡģдģ
ӢλŮʦʻСצצһ٣֣صʦžҵģдҵ֣ҽӢ
ǹ˲˼лҲ˲ÿӴ𰸣ȹ۾ϸϸֵͬѧ
ǰСͬѧǳɫС䣬ֿ㣬¶СϥǣƤܰףһ˫۾ڵر𴿴⣬žźӡ
类ǰС۾ˡ
ѧÿһѧ棬ڼʦʱ۾ﶼ͸˿⣬Ψѧ۾û⣬еֻ档
棬ټġ
˻ѹָƾ֣һⶼûԣѧѧУҲաһԣŮʦѾһľӸС
һûȥ𰸣һۣͱһšӡˢ֣סˡ
ɶô䣬ҳ򡣡
ԱߵʦλŮʦĻ׷ΧλСͬѧ֡
һΧʦʱʧˡ
иʦ˸ղźһĶžӷȥĿŪϵĴ𰸣Ǧдģӡȥġ
˻Сѣֶˣӣиʦ˿Ŀ⾪ϲضӢϡ
Ӣ˼ЦЦȻָͷû֣д֡
ȷʵû֣ǸһһдѣײӡģʻһЩ֣Ǻеġ
ꣿдôһ֣Ǹ͵סӵġ
ʦԶԵӢûֵĻĵؿ佱
Ӣϲ˿ʦһ䣬ʱˣСһͦллʦ佱
⺢Ӳ磬ţһλСͬѧľӡˣݶôûˣģλʦ˵ţӢѧӾ
Ҳ֪ǲӢд̫ãе᲻滭ºֱӶԴ𰸣Ȼ
⣬Ǹ֣ͬģ񻪵ķҲ֡
ӵĳɼһȺʦٴξˡ
һ꼶ĩӵ֡ǱѧȺ˾εѧɼá
ѧһ꼶࣬ͳҲֻһٷ֣СûѧУȴһٷ֣Ǻӡ
ʦڸѧӣҲû£ľҲһ꼶ֻҪ֪ʶ͸Ͼͻ֣ԣ񻪺Ӣ˸֡
ãããλҳѧУˣϣʱСͬѧֱȥ꼶ͳɡߣѧӵʦ±ʣ翪ڣֱİ嶨񻪺Ӣİ༶
ôõӣɲݶ
ݶѧ⣬һ㣬ֹ֪Ǻͬһʦ֪
ѧУʦ٣༶ȴ࣬칫ʦÿ˶ֻ࣬ҪǺݶһͬµģ˽ﶼ˵ݶɡ
ѧֻдѹûп佱ңǴϿΡ
һϿΣѧҪ꣬ʱ򻹻ѧй˾ƣҵġ
Уݶ̸ûãιøأûһ
ƫλĺܣλʦ΢˵һ£ҪδСЬΪнֱ֣ģȨְܴʦ
ˣݶ빫ѧУ󣬴ġ
ƽʱЩʦ¶ȥУҲУӦκݶ⣬УƺҲû취ֻ˵ѧУְ˶ạ̃ε˵
У绹˵ĺͨ˲ԣͰŵİȥ˵ӱȽºͣͬѧСá
Ӹ
һ࣬ѧʦݶݶӣͬѧҪǽһ࣬ᱻ̳ʲô
ãǰΣʦ翴ţӿ϶ܸ㡣
һԣλʦ˵úӽ࣬㣬ɶҲû˵
˺ʦĻ˵ͷЦӯӯسλʦʦҼӢСҪʲôõĵطʦһ¡
ˣһλʦĻ֪Ůʦˡ
Ҳãղ;ãλ뿪ʦƺЩദӢ̫ʵϣҪ˵˴ʵλʦˣ鷳ˡ
˵ţ骴ӶǮʦҽѧѡ
ʦֹ˵ͷ骴Լİ칫ߣóվݣʼѧѣ˺״ҲæȥѧѸˡ
ѧѣֺʦ˼䣬źӳ˰칫ҡ
ǰһߣţһȺʦΧ칫ߣٴοӢдľӡֹͼʦ˵˼䣬վݵӣȥУ칫ҡ
ݶ
뿪ǰ˵ȻӣһȥǵѧУѧУţûټӰӡ
ӢСѧʽʼˡ
ڶһ磬컹ûӢͱ̴Ӵϸ
ǰһ˯ȻѵСѾͷԴе£˯ɵ۾Եؿôͽ𴲵̡
ã㣬㣬һѧ۲ܳٵȻԺᱻʦϡ־µߴٵ
Ӣ۾رѣ˯ţһѧ֣СѾͷʱһѣɶ˯ûˣܹ·شӴһ䵽˵ϡ
ˣˡ
ӢСӦ磬Լ°·£ϣȻϵ˫˫ż
磬ھ𣿡Ӣ⣬ʻû죬еľ
ѹͳͳô꣬ûżѧƽʱôȥѧУİ
־½ܹӵıװӾϵ緹һ㶼·ϳԡΪڼԣʱ
԰øһ㣬ѧУߵ뿪ʼϰ㣬Ҫٵ
ӢŶһСͳš
־º־Լ״æҲϡ
־¡־ԣ·ϿŵãýһȥѧУǵð͵ܹվȥӺ
־ͷҲûӦһ֪ˡ
ʯǱߣҽҲˣߵֵʱ򣬹ȥѧСӣҲ½ˡ
ͷֿȥɽȥɽȥϵȥϡ
Ӣһѧᵽɽѧѡ
ƽʱϼһ㶼ȥϵ·жԶȴ·ԶԶ·ôߣ߲ͷ㡣
ֻĴһСʱǾ͵ѧУ
־֪Ƕ꼶࣬ѧУǣˣһ·꼶ȥãڶ¥ǼңǰҪĸͷ϶¥ҡʱ򣬴
ΪɶҪͷӢԡ
־½Ͳ¹Ϊɶ۸㣬Һ־ԾͶˡ
ӢŶһȻһ˽ҡ
СһѾµͬѧͺǿ˹
ʦûûʦڣҶֺģСͬѧ졣
Ӣ񻪽˽ңҺһſûˣ˶һֱۣſ˹ȥ
£ǰиͬѧתͷʣͬѧǲߴˣ
Ӣ£ѧУ֪˲֣࣬ĿǰֻʦǶתˣͬѧʱû֪
񻪳һЦûߴǽġ
ͬѧȣתѧǴĸѧУתģ
ЦЦûشλͬѧ⡣
ȴʱſڣһ黨ӵŮһ飬ӽſ˽
ս̵Ϳ˺İͬѧ
Ůһˣ͵λŮͬѧǾǽİɣǵĿαһ£ʦһ
ŮһֵĽʱһ룬һӺһ
ģ
϶Ǵһ꼶ġ
һ꼶ô
ѵֱϵĶ꼶
ûһ꼶ô϶꼶
û˵𣡡
һȺСѾˣȫϡƵģŤͷӢ񻪡
Ӣͷһرô˫С۾עӣеʣЦУ˿Ҳˡ񻪴󷽷ĳͬѧЦЦȻȥŮͬѧϵ鱾˹
񻪺ӢײһӢȻȺöͬСӶԣںȴû˵ϵͳͬӦЩСѣӢҪһЩ
ͬѧǾȵʱֹ̤˽ҡ
ֹʮ꣬ѾеͺˣͺͺȴһңͬѧǶͬѧһЦͬѧǶ֪ͬѧ˰ɣǴ֪֪λͬѧʱ˶ٷ֣
ֹһڣʱˣһ˫˫۾ݵһ£ȫתʦ
ֹ˸ӣûֱӸ˵Ӣ񻪵ĳɼˮľӣǽϡ
֪ģ
ֹ軵軵ģֱ˵ɼȴðͬѧԼȥ
һһȺ֪նСͬѧʱȦˡ
ôžӵ֣ϵһģ
ֹЦƵģŰһȺ±ƵѧһָָӢžӣžӢͬѧģͬѧǾӢͬѧ֣дô
ʦƭ˵İɣҪдóҰˡһȽϵƤͬѧһֻϵ飬һָǽŵľӡ
󰡣飬һ᲻ء
ֹ˵ͬѧЦǺɨһȦȫͬѧʣͬѧǲǶ͸һΪд
꼶ʮ߸ͬѧͷӢ⡣
ʦǿǶСӣŲϵ
һӡģôдó
ֹҶϵˣβ¶ˣɣҪ֣ͬѧдģǴӽ쿪ʼвŵͬѧÿѧؼҺ󣬶Ҫдһƪ֣дɶһƪʦҲҪдöãּһùÿ
ǺǣСӣдֵĻˡ
ддҾͲдһ֡һ㶼ֹһףαһ
⸶ڰϣǸͷ
һͷͬѧȫŵͷͬˣֻиղű鱾λŮͬѧԥһ󣬰ס˵ͷĳ嶯
ʦ˵ˣɵĵͷ
ŶӰˣһдˡ
ֹͬѧǶӦˣæӢ֣ӢҶдģ֤ҿ֣дġ
ֹһ䣬ȫͬѧһתȫ䵽Ӣϡ
Ӣ۾һ㣬ˡ
£СһҲʦƨɺҡҡĺβ͡
ӢգգۣһȦԼͬѧȻСһߵ̨ϡ
дɣдһεһΡֹСذֽͱʵ˹ȥ
ӢűʣЦñȺ껹ƻʦԼ˵ɶ
Ҫǲ˵Ļǰ˵ĻҪģԺͬѧ鷳
Ӣ۾תתʦܲд𣿡
ֹɡ
ǺðɡͬѧֲҪдģʦдģɶʦ㣬ɱŶ
Ӣʦ⣬һ죬Ͱѹ۵ֹϣȻʣͷд֡
ĵһεһλֻʮ֣Ӣдúܿ죬һСͰд˳
дֵʱͬѧԴֵô
̨̫ߣô
һʼ˵ҪĸȲˣһŲߵ̨ܵϣȻſ˽ԡ
һſȥʱ໽һɤӣֹҡ
һź䲻Ͱָֹˡ
ֹһҲû룬ͷϴһ¡
һ򣬴ͦصģžһǰдֵӢŵˡ
Ӣ
˻ԭʦҲˣûԴ
λͬѧôçǱʦçġ
ʦֹŸ롣
뱧ű۵ԴĹĵصУֹңҪȥ㣬˵Сӡ
ͬѧһһֵӣС۾׷׷
ˣˣСӵϷˡ
ͷһѧӢ񻪡
Сӣɶ
˷ӦСӵɶ󣬶ˡ
ʮʦиʮ겻СӣСӻԼѧ
״Ҳûá
ֹӢдֵֽʮСǰӺɷ˵㻰ԼӦһƪ֣ҪҸ˵
һͥ磬ֹϱЪˡ
һͬѧ׽һѣӲֻܰߵĿ⣬תӢϡ
ӢĪǣСѾͷҲӲúܣСһͦСһžҸ꼶־º־ԡ
ĻӢû˵˼ǣҲ鷳
˵־º־ֻõġ
һȫͬѧ񣬶ʱˣңϳȥ붼ߣǸĳһ־ȡ
Ӣ߷ֿ㣬Сһ¶ġ
СȺиͬѧеźʣôûɳ
Ӣ
ΪʲôҪɳ
־º־Եã
ǲҲ书
Ӣ
ҸѧУô󰡡
ʲô书ϿˣϿˡֹѧ̸书αһģ
ֹһܺͺһƬʦͬʱҲһͬѧǾηʦһ˵ϿΣղŻԾգʱȥ
վڽ̨ϣǽһӢ񻪣Ȼְߣ¸һλ
ӢСͷôߣûκ⣬ŵ˵һšͬһССŸɡ
ȻӢ󣬵ŵȫǰ˾ĺӶҲǰһֹӢСûһҲǽŵġ
źλӣֹ͸ҽ˿Ρ
ӢǸԺӣֹᣬˡ
СѧȥϰڿΣÿڿζʮӣÿڿ֮ʮӵĿμˣʱ䣬Ӣһ磬ȥ˲һֱڽϤԼͬѧ
û¿εʱλϣ꼶ѧڵĿααӢģӢǶ顭
˰ΣѧӢ񻪣׼ȥ¥һȥʳóԷˡ
һʳóԷøǴϤһ»
˵ͬѧǶߺ󣬰װǣ߳˽ҡ
߳ȥڸڽſڿ
ͷľżƵģǽһվš
꼶ʦϿΣ߶ѾѧˣĽȴûж
Ӣɻ죬
һţû˵óͱԱߵһ¡
ӢԺתͷ񻪡
ҡҡӢ˻˽ҡ
˸˻ȥڰ¿ˣͬѧ½ӽ˳ûһͰ
ӢڽűߣԴ뿴ͷһȥͿݶӸڽ˳
ݶ飬һ߳ͺߡ
˵˵㣬꼶ˣʮ߼ʮ㣬һ꼶ǰ׶𣿡
鶼Ķȥˣô򵥵㻹͹ȥ˷ҵʱ䡣
ݶ˵ȥʱҲ֪ǲգŵ飬̧žһ´ϡ
ˣͷҽһ꣬Ҳˣ㵹ãѧʮҴߵϿȻԺҵĿΣͱˡ
ݶ񫣬ԽԽȫһʦöѧ˵Ļ
ƫΪʦߣͰЩ˵ˡ
˵ôʲô飬ؼֵء
һֱͷݶľľګګһԡ
ڽӢԽСüͷľԽǷ֣߬ʦĻˡ
붼û뵽ʦѧңĻһԱų
Ӣ̲סˣ۾һģһ´ӽ˳ȥ
ճȥһ̧ͷͼݶĺˡ
ˣһðСѪĺۣۣһǱֽŸƵġ
ܳӢ˵ʦۣȴ˲۲ˣСѾͷعӣͷСţһȾݶȥѰߡ
㣬Ҫվûʦ򡣡СѾͷܱ߽УСѾӺײݶȡ
⼸꣬Ӣ׺ɲǰģСѾͷȻǿɿɰûһвԣڵȴֱɳĸ硣
ݶӢӺһײһһȣһ£ײ˼Ӳǽϡ
ϣĸС˵ײҡݶųۣͿʼ
Ӣײ˺ҲûҼײˣһܡ
ܣССͲѧãײʦԲ𶼲˵ҳ˭ҳҵҪʣô̺ӵġ
ӢܣݶϾǳˣĿСѾͷǰܵһǰиСӰܹҲû룬һѾͽ˸ץסˡ
һץݶͿײ˭ˣӢݶĻҲѹס
ӢǰɣײʦǸߣȥǰΡ
ݶֹĺܣһϵĻûضڴӢˣãڿֹһˡ
һѧУͼ칫ҵͬ£ȫֺǺǵڹϲֹһʼô£ڿΣŴһʦߺõѧͨˣһ˫ٷ֡
˫ٷ֣Ϊڣûӣȥֹİࡣ
˫ٷ֡õѾͷ˫ٷֱ֣൐Ĵ
;ãЩڹϲֹˣϵЦʵǳЦġ
ݶһӢһתʱ⡣
ֹҰԴǾͱ


63 
ݶ,ֹǹġ
ԴѺӴ޶ߣʦЦ
Ц顣
첻æһ,ûüϻԽްѧȥİ༶
ޣֲУ,ƾɶѧȥ
ȥۡ
ݶ뷨ܺãԱ߻ʿ񻪣һ,֪ʲô
ԼҵС,Ŀӡ
۾һ,ݶӢߣͻȻʦ,ͬѧײˣôײ㡣
ҿû,ײҡݶû뵽Ա߻,۾һ,񻪡
񻪣ͬѧ,СײʦԡӢ,ʦǸ
ʦԲҲǹġӢ֪ΪɶҪǸ,ǹԹ,Ǹˡ
Բ,񻪾͵ʦͬѧ£ѾǸˣʦ˺ͬѧǲҲøǵǸˡ
ʲô˺λͬѧɱ˵ݶ񻪵ĻЩԡ
۾һ̧ͬѧǶˡ
ݶҴͬѧΪãСͬѧʦڽѧɲǴˡ
ݶ񻪵ĻŪһ£عԼˡ
ѧǰУλЩʦ˸ᣬ˵̵ѧҪаģ巣ͬѧ
ſû죬СѾͷȥУ˵Ҫ
ѧѧѪʦŮѧϵһˣ㸺𡣡˫ݶϣԴǵʡ
һ˵ˣݶһתͷϿȥ
һȥͷͨͨģڶ·ǶһѪۡ
ѪۣݶЩˣһ̧뿴
ȴʱ۾һУӢ˸
Ӣ񻪴ôãĻῴʲô
ں۾һתݶעתˣСһתݶ֣Ȼץסܡ
ʲôܣʦݶ̧գæ
ӢҡͷУ㡣
񻪣ʦ巣ѧûдǶѧȴ㲻ԣ£һʵУУ
һֱºͣδ˭ղݶӢµľٶȴʵʵ
бǣͺ⣬СԱ취ţһ㡣ôãȴʼûܰŤ
˽ﻹ˵ˡ
㿴ĵطһֱһ˷񶨴ѹš
񻪾ãǸŵĥһ£׼ִ
Ҫ֪ûдģʦҪΪ˵ĹԼ
˵껰һתӢĽʦ칫ȥ
Ӣϻǣʼնͷһ仰ûСӢһߣͻеظӢˡ
ڽһֱҿñӢߣҲû룬Ⱦʹӽ˳ȻӢȥУ칫ҡ
ѧ󣬾һֱվڽ档ҲͷݶѵãͺȥʳóԷ
ʵʦãѾֲˣΪһ꼶ʱþ;ʦǽñͬѧҲʱᰤһֱãʦûǺͬѧղ񻪵ĻȴЩʦˡ
ѽʦ巣ѧûˣʦĲԡ
УɣǾУҹܽѧѵ˲ɡ
ݶУ칫ȥĸѧһһ㶼ΪԼ巣ѧʲôﷴӢųɼãʦ
ѧһŹæúܣ񻪴Ӣҽõ칫ʱУ
ôˣԷ𣿡Źٿˣ̧ͷһ
񻪹µģһŹ٣һ򱨸棺Уղŷѧҿʦͬѧͬѧˡ
񻪵棬رŹٸһѧϰ߲ͱ˾״ĻŪһ¡
ʦͬѧŹٷϵıʣͷ칫ҵĸѾͷ
ӢСԴ͵㣺ԣУʦ㣬Ѫˣ㿴
״ӢС̧֣У
̫ˣӢ񻪶ͷˣȴԴ
һߵЩŹ٣ʶȴãǽòԥһ£ǰһֱӶְ̧
һ̧Ǻ׵İŹٵ
Źһյشվƹ칫ôôأʦʲôģ
Ӣӣ飬棬黮ˣУʦˣˣر
СѾͷһţ߷ߵذѸղݶĻѧŹ
ѧʱ򣬻·ҪЩݶ㣬ѧǽһ档
׷ǹݶߵſڣǸСŮĴ
СͬѧСҼҵģôôѧ˵ءݶȥˣŭ֮£վУ칫ſڣͺǳ
ܴһͰѸڰ칫ҵʦǶˡ
һȺڳ緹ʦŷдӰ칫ﹻԴʲô
ΪҪĻ˵Уһֶûж˵ӢݶĺһһͷһҪ˵ӡ
ӢЩ˫һŲŲضݶ
ߣ񻪽㻤Ų㡣
ĸͬѧͿѧУײʦ
Ӣ䣬칫߽һˣʮͷЩһɽϸ߸˸Ƥžرз
ĪΣãʦͬѧ⼸Сͬѧ״˵˵ôɡŹٿŽˣ
ǵĽ棬С޶ˡ
ĪһӢͷϿ۸ײʦĹŹһڣͰ¼ݶѧ̫أѧѧ״
ΪСѧУѧѲ浽ȻҪʡ
ѧƤʦһ£Ǻʲôôġܵ͸˵£Ǹͷѧúụ̀ܽԺ󻹲÷죬ҿǼҳһ²С
ŹĪεĻأ̲ȷǸҳ£ҳҺ쿪ᣬҲһ쵼ʦ巣ѧ׸ô巣Ůͬѧ򵽳Ѫ巣ǹ˺
ʲô˺Уֻɲ˵Īһ˺ʱһæ
ŹָָϵˣĪΣҿû˵СʦѪˣţҲ֪û˵䣬Ҫ˵˶䡭
ɶ˵ˣĪһת䵽ϣһȥʱ֪˵ʲôˡ
߱ˡǰûô죬Ҳףһͷ׵ϾͻһѪټ׿ſɲЩˡ
ݶǽѧڴѧ㵽˶Ű˼һСġĪһɫһ䣬תݶ
붼û뵽Ⱞѧֶ˼ССﶥǳ죬Ҳû취ٸѡ
ȻѲˣ͵ΣñŹץһ״
ңûҾ飬¡ݶøһ𣬸ˣʶ
ӢݶĽƱ磬ʱԴһŲģҿˣ
ĪΣû˼Сͬѧ˵
һߣһֱûпڵ񻪣ݶӢĵòһţ͵ʦֹѧѧɱղ˵ˣž˷ʳ
Уʦڰʾɱ
⻰һĪĿںһˡ
ѧͽѧɱǿ£ⱻѧһ벻ɱˣ˻ķҪˡ
ĪΣ֮˵Ļܵ档
񻪣˵˲棬˵ô죿
ĪһҭزˣתŹٵУݶ巣ӹȣôôֶҵñӣˡ
ĪǸܻʱƵˣĿǰͷ⣬ܵسˣؼʱֶֶĵȶ˵
ԣߵǽһ죬ǰɸֵصݶ
Χʦ뿪ĪΣϷ׷¶ɻ
ݶǰѧʲôһֱĪôﲻԭɣ̧￴
һȥʦǲˡ
ʵһʦյһ߽칫ңʦ˵򣿡
ʦǶ꼶İΣζѧθУʦһԼѧݶʱˡ
ʦһݶú໰תͷͳУУҪֹʦѧҲʦˣʦѧ񫣬Һһ꣬춼巣ѧ̵ѧҲ˵ʲôʦ巣ѧԴŸǰǵ꼶ѧɾڡ
ʦͲݶˣرڴѧ棬θݶ˵ݶ㣬̫ݡݶĻ߷磬ôǴ
ʦֹˣ뻻˹ˡ
ʵ£ʦ˽ҲŹüΣŹΪˣʦ˵ҪҪݶȥ̸꼶ѧݶƷԣﶼеףûһʦԸ¡
ǣ¾һֱϵڡ
ʦ;ãѵãڰݶŪߣҪȵʲôʱ
УҲ뻻һʦһѧʦӣʺϴ꼶ѧ棬ʦ˵Ҫ˵磬Ҳͳ
ͬݶ¡
Ҫݶ̫ˣ˽˵ѧѧ˿ѧõõĽƷ
һ꼶ʦԸݶ£꼶ʦҲҪʦĶС
ݶһ࣬һ꼶ġ
ݶѧУǻʦĪΰŽģŹٲģһֻһ࣬һֱȥ꣬ʦࡣ
֪磬ѧУʦȱѧУҲÿʦ࣬ŹУæͬʱҲһ࣬һǳеġ
ݶŲԸԼͬµļˣʱգҾ֪ǲϲңȻųһ£ǾһߣְʦҪУĪιͬǩֲУɲǼ仰ͳɵġ
ŹٿſҪ˫üͷʦλŮͬѧȥû¾ͺã˵˶䣬ʹȥƣҽҩʦ⣬ʦĿǰЩģϵĹȽֹʦڶĴȥ￪˵
ʦǳɣȴȥƣȥһǵļҳ£֪ͨһǼҳųɡ
û£ȴȥɣͬѧļҳϵŹҽģ룬
ʦͷãˣʦȥ
Ǹƺ«˰칫һֱͷһûԹݶˣǺµýץס֡
Ȼݶ
ʦҲûӵظʦˡ
뿪ŹٿŻڰ칫ݶʦȻؼҵ֪ͨɡ
Źһ㶼ݶ棬ǺĪζˣڣŪѧУʲôУ
ѧУǽ˵ĵط̲˺֪ʶƷ£ǾͲΪʦ
ݶ붼û뵽ԼƽʱһѧŹپͰߣˡ
ݶﲻŹڽⷢӣһʲôû˵ת뿪У칫ңһȥæøȥ
ʦУεĴͦģһۣŷ˰칫ҡ
꣬ӢŲСţ˳һ۾ݵؿŹ٣У
ɲ
һʼΪ£ǻʦʹǸˣû뵽УȴôֱӾͲûʦϿΡ
ǲ֪Ժʦ᲻ҪǻͬѧҪ
Ӣɣҳɻ㣬ǸԺӣȥԷɣʦһᴦŹӢͷȥԷ
Ӣ񻪵˵ͷǣ뿪У칫ңԷȥˡ
ݶĴӢʱֻ֪֪ѧºǱΪᱻسĪΣվļǷԱͬѧУϲĻʦվһ˹
Ѿǰĸļ󣬹չվˡչվվֻÿ깫չʱ򣬲Żһ
ͬѧǿĪκͻʦʱ򣬶𾪵ĺܣ벻Ϊʲôúõʦȴչˡ
ӢҲܾȣݶ벻ףôĪҲѧУˣ
ȹ龪ȣȴܸˣΪϲ
Ӣڿѧһһ£ͳȥʦĹѧ
Сͬѧԣ𣬻дһֺ֣ÿβ֡
ͬѧĸʦ᲻ϲ
Ӣѧ£ҲԽԽϲԼʦ
Ϊ񻪽Ͽһ͵飬ʦǲϽǵ飬żǿ
ʱ俴飬ǰֹʦģ֪ɶ飬ȴкö๫ʽ
Щʽһʼ󶮣Ŀ֮ͷֹ֣ʦѧռЩ
Щ򵥵ѧһԺУӢԴ·ײһ£һֱûõʲôԣڽӴЩ𶯡
ӢͷۻȻǹɾ͸Խϲʦ͵ˡ
ӢǰϵͳԽоƬˣйؿƼݿ⣬档
Ի֪ʶգһĳһ㣬йǼʳǰĿƼͻļиա
Ӣ֪Լ˿ļ˶ʱ麣С
ʵӢڿÿ£ֹһʼģһֹ񻪣Ͼ꼶Ǵʱѧã˸꼶ѧĺܳ
ȷ֣Ӣ꼶飬񻪿꼶ͻȻӢһѧУʱ˵Ļ
˵Ѿ꼶ˡ
ʱֻǷһڣֹȴЩӢĻˡ
Ϊˣֹ꼶꼶ʦҪžӣпʱ򣬰Ѷ꼶ӻӢ꼶ģ꼶ġ
Ӣû־죬۾ϵ⣬Ȼˡ
񻪷ȴû˵ˡ
žӽȥֹʱСĵףԣǿٿ飬Ͳˡ
ǰͿֻҪӰ쵽ͬѧͳɡܣ磬ҲܣðͬѧԼȥѧ
Ӣ꼶ȥһ׳һľ飬
ȥнӸ
ӢСɵγеľӣ֪Լʦ͵͵ˡ
ɶû˵ʦʲôӣʲôӣδζüã˾ĳá
ֹʼԾĻᱻ۷⣬ĿûһƲֵġ
ֹϲĲУ¸УУӣ뷨һתۣͲٳϣһȺСͬѧӥ׽ССˡ
СٴҲֻ룬̫ˣ̫ˡ
ٵȵȣٵȵȣȵʮˣ취ֱУС
ʱСѾǰСŮҲˣΧǴöĸ㣬ӦҲʲôˡ
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뵽ֹתȥУ
СѾͷȥû£ʵǵúУ̸һ̸
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Ȿ飬󶼽Ӣ
ȥ죬ת䣬ѧУĺǣʼСӡ
һڿΣĩҵȥͬѧǻؼˡ
죬ڵ磬Ȼɫȴڱ䰵һͬ϶ĺӣѧͶԼؼˣȫԼѧУſڣٻؼҡ
־º־ԵʦһֱϲãѧУͬѧߵòˣǰȴûѧ
ӢԹУſڵ磬ͷŵʱ䣬ӣſڵдҵһߺ졣
ϴݶºԽˣڵԽԽˣ֮󣬱Ĭˡ
ʮһСȴһ˫۾ʱ̶͸⣬˭ˣΪŮر۸
ݶ죬񻪻ؼҺȥҹ㣬ѧУ¸˵һ¡ϣϸϸ˼飬غ£ҲΪˣÿ˶ÿ˵Ļɼܴʲôȥ飬֡
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ͬʱڣû취߳иڣȻǻء
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ӢǻؼңɫЩ㲣ЦԼͬѧ
ڵȸ硣Ӣ̧С
ǳɣȰɣʦˡͼͬѧ˵עⰲȫϽֵȥ
ûסѧУסβ⡣Ϲ׳ɱģ׳ǱзַӣûռѧУᡣ
񻪽㣬ûоʦ·ֵֹģӢ뿪磬ں۾˿
ûаʦһֱ·𣿡ӢĻ̧ͷıӰ
ӢգգۣΪԼˣջֹʦź㲣Ҳ֪ǲˡ
Ӣ˵㲣һ㶼ûʦȻᣬ̬УȴʼնЩƣ롣
һ죬Եʱͷˡ
ԭΪλʦû˯þⶼѧˣÿ棬ʦһ۵ӡ
ӢֹӦòǣȥѧǻʦġ
һֱģӢ졣
ͷš
ӢŶһЪ⡣
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һȺڴſڼϣȻߺϣȫھڵִ塣
ƽʱЩͬû߽ռٿƵĹӣҼһŵƣĻƽһյһߵĴݡ
ɺƽʱںֻǼյƲһ
ۣǲǷʲôƽô˸ƣСڣһʯ￲Ͳس
ǳˣߣǿȥ־ǰ棬һµĻӿ˽Ųɿܡ
Ӣβˣں˵Լһǣȥ裬˳ȥһ»ꡣ
ʦУ飬ȫǺͿαйص飬ұ鿴Ҫһȥñӡ
˼ҵñ⣬ԽԽãñҪۣҴˡˣЩŮ󣬻˼ҽһ֯۵Ļûؼȥ
һñӵĹһֱźɻ˺
ÿϼ죬˺ͻһñӽһΣǰã˼һӵһ˵⣬ǼҶٶඥñӣ˵ȥĳ
Ӣպһǣ̧ͷͼǰ˶һۣҲû룬Ҳﱼ
յִƽߵ￲Ӣת˼Ǻ
ָ˵ĿǺӢ꿪ʱһΡ
ʯ̲Ϸ̽ˣ̵Ůɥô޵ġӢһʱ֪˹ˡ
һ⣬˫һ¼ӿˣ⹫̹
Ҳ֪Ϊɶô죬򣬹˭
Сãܣȸȥүҡ
ǰ־£Ѿǰôˡͣ½Ųһ죬סǰܵӢ׼ȥҡ
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ղĿɥǴǼҴġ
Ӣ˿Ժӣգգ۾Ȼһ̸磬үȥ
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֪ҵǱ¹ܣȥ̫Ƕ
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Ϊ£̻Ů˴һܡ
վ˵ѾѾ±ҴԼߵģûϵ²Ъȥ
ԣңˣҲûһͬ飬ﷴûá
ţȥ̫̫϶֪Ӣһ˵ͷȻ˦첲ֻСƵģһľʹڽҡ
磬ңȥˣƽˡ
Ӣܿ͵͵ȥ־ԣһµ׷
ƽ裿úõģôġ־֡
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ߺӰˮֻзˮʱ򣬲пܻˣ˵ȥһѾͳɣôҲ
̫꣬ǣɻ⻰û˵Ҽ˳ӦƽΪɻˣȥû˦ˡˮ˼ˮҲ֪ǲǽųûȷֵʱʬ嶼嵽ƽǱߵˮˡ


64 
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һ,ʱ֣Ļᱻôǳˮ
ǣƽأӢе㷢
Ӻ,κʱ˾㤣˵⻹ǷԼߵ¡
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˵,һʼҲûаѻĿⶢƽΪԼġֱƽǱһæ˵ʱԶԶںӱ߳,ʱҲûôע,ٿ,ֻƽһ˱Ÿ¨ʯϹȥ
ʱ,ϱͻȻƽȥ,ûлġ
һϢȻ֣һľȻƽ
Ūô,㿪ʼĴƽ,,ȥȴҲˡ
ҲҲſʼƽټϣܱҿ˵ƽƽ˺
˵ԴȷӰ죬ǻ߰˸£ڣȥ䲻ĺӴҲЩɵճɵɵʲô֪
ڻ·˵ֻ֯ޣ˵һ䣬һ䣬˺þãŴǶ֪ںӱߣƽ
Ͼӣˮʲôĺû̫Ҳû˵һֱƽ˵ƽȥ˺Ӷ档
ڵȥû֪ˡ
Щµķ޼ѭġ
ŮˣȻŮͶȴһֱҵһȫˣǰɵĻȻ䵽ĸϡũر࣬ǰƽнڣһǲɻģȴˡ
ҴæʱҲñϱ¨ɽˡ
Сˣĸɵù߻ûɼ죬Թ
ԹҽõģҲԸĸġ
ԽԽĻԹأǰʱ䣬Ϊϵص£֡
ӣûߣƽִûû֡
߶ӵĳ̶ȣƽ棬ԲҪҲҪһɵ붯֡
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ֽƽһȥݣƽͲȥ϶ʵڿȥװǻŰȥϡ
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Ӣ죬ǿˣҵط˰ɡ
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һӣТĶҲ˲úչ˰ˣͷһؼֶ趼ĲȵıӦ
Ӣ˵СԴ̫Ժ϶ģ趼ˣĻһش尡
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߿϶ͣү̫ˣ֣̫϶˯ãǰ̫ȥ̲Ǳ߰ɡ
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Ӣ棬ߵʱ򣬻үŸϡ
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ܹȥæǮϱѹʱᣬӢ˵ҵģҪѾȥТҲѾ˷ȥ
ԳԳԣﶼˣʲôԡҴɩŭ۾һ޲ھͰѾļơ
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Σ˱ϴζø࣬Ҫٶñӣº󽻻
˼ñֻǼͥСٶñĿܰ¾꣬񻪰ʱ䶩һº˺̸ֺܼ˺þã˫ʱ䶨˶ʮ
Ҳź˶µʱ䣬һܷʮñӣżʱҲܰæһ£Ҳֻܷ죬ûʱ࣬ȥ󣬰ñӵĻ㣬ʮ콻ٶñӣȫ⡣
ũһ굽ͷҲ˼Ǯ˼ñӵĻһ֯õһëߣֽſһģϢʱһ£һëö˶Ͳ˼ܰø
˵Ҳû͵ʦԼñͺӢһñӿʽϣＸ۾ֲᣬԼ߷ñӣôô󣬷ȥû˼ñӺÿ˵񻪵ñϣһЩСΣ־Ľǲ鴮С׹ӣһֲɵˣŪЩ
͵ѧ˼죬ɶҲûѧûᣬ͸ɴЪģʵʵ۹ⶫҲ˼һǮ
̸ýʱ䣬˸һٶñӵĶȻԼʲôʱȡֺǺˡӢ̸£СǰҪǮĹϲűƵģһ˳
񻪱֣ת˴Ǻ«
ӢǺ«˵ҪȥƽˣԺ룬ӢӣҺһȥҲе̡
Ӣ棺ɶ°
񻪣˵˵϶һ꣬Ҫ־¸һѧˡôã㶼Ҫѧˣôܻܴϡ裬ǼҸҼӣʱҰһ顣
ӢһҪ۾һˣСԴ͵㣺ððߣȥ衣
Ӣˣԭţ꼶ҪҪˣ»ȥȻϺ񻪽һѧˣˣ񻪽ҪܰǾһڳˡ
֣ȥһ̼ңӢһش壬ȻˣȻȥͳɡӯӯһЦת˺
˺վԱߣȻСĶԻ
򷿵£͸˵ˣһΪñⷽ㣬ҲǹŮ鷽㡣
ũˣһ⣬ضִţ˺ʵסһ뵽ŮǸܱɳˣ־ãԼȷʵðԺǮ
ũҲҪǮũñŮùŮͺɻ
ԣһ֮󣬱Ҳͬ⡣
ɣȥ骺ú˵˵ٽֵģϴβ˵ԼŪñ𣬷ٽ֣ñŻá
һֻӻ֣ǣӢȥƽֵĵ糵
˺ҲŮĵĺܣУǣϳޣЩ˻ƭǣᱻǷƭ
糵뿪ûһ͵˺ƽ֣Ӣ·߻¼ңȻĩ骺ϰ࣬ûˣӢЯԿףԺţ񻪽㣬¯Ӳ԰ɣҶˡ
һԺӣӢͺӶˡ
ɣһȥһߣӣ׼ԺţתȥͼԺӶиŮˣ˸ɫİƽ·˹ȥ
һˣһ˿죬æӢӢӣʦ𣿡
ӢհϵҵµĶϣһ񻪵Ļһȣæܵ˴ſڡ
ӰźǣףʦҲˣ磬ʦ϶ҲûԷ񻪽㣬ǽʦۼҳԸɡӢ·ϵˣ񻪵
̧ͷ˿죬ɣ㺰һ¡
ӢһվԺſڣͳɤŴʦʦ
·ŸɫİŮˣŲԶһ٣Ȼתͷ
ӢͬѧôЩ죬ƺû뵽ڳԼѧߵЦ߹·ƽǰ
Ӣ۾һЦҲҼңʦˣҼҳԷɣ񻪽Ҳڣ񻪽ܺóԡ
ǻûԷٳԣȻͬѧʦͺƤһ١ûӢӯӯһЦ̧ƽ
վԺſĴ˿
ƽܴ󣬱ǸҲԺһˮףˮײԶһˮ֮⣬Ժ࿿ǽŵѾõıӴ
ң紹ͷӢͬѧ費ڼ𣿡
ڣڼҾ߳ϰ࣬Ȱ°˲ŻӢ߽ݣȻˮƿ絹һˮʦˮ
񻪽㣬ʦˣ档ˮݸ磬ӢתͷѾ¯ӵ񻪴˾䡣
һãӢӣҼģŪ
ӢŶһתͷԼһȥü
ˮ۾һСڣȻѱӸ鵽ϣڳķӡ
һȦʱİҲȥ˳ͬѧɡ
ʦáһͿԳԷˡ񻪰ŵȼ¯ϣˮ
Լĳ𣿡ôЪ˽æģվڳſڣ̸㣬Լѧ
Ӣվ¯ӱߣǣһĳ
ͷͻȻʣӢӣֻס𣿡
԰ƽʱֻסְ裬ֻзżˣҺ͸Żסһ¡Ӣɵ
ԣǰ˵и̣̼ӣżٵʱ̼Һӻ𣿡
ᰡ̫ԶˡӢգգۣģʦ˵Լݡ
һҲ֪ǲǺСͬѧûʲô˵һ䣬ЪȻ󾲾վڳſڣ
ûһ񻪱档
񻪵ˮָɰһһ
񻪺ܻ󷹣һ򵥵İˮ伦Ҳ֪ôŵĵϣŪر㡣ӢԵûһȵøɸɾ
극˵ҪˣӢûˣӻְʦͳ˼š
糯ЦЦŰֱվȥеİӽҵңû뿪ߣʱİ͸ֱߡ
Ӣ磬һأСüͷһ񻪵񻪽㣬ûʦ·е𣿡
ѧʱҲʹ񻪡
Ӣ;ãʦ·ƽʱһﲻһ˵ֻ֪ʦǴǰ·ʽֱ仯ġ


65 
ʦһֱ·𣿡ɻؿӢ,Ƭ̺֪뵽ʲô۾ͻأһ,æʣӢӣΪɶʦ·ܲԣ
ӢӵĹ۲رǿ˫۾,ͨ˸Ȼ˵ʦ·Ʋԣ·,ͱȻƽʱЩͬ,ֲֻͬ
ѽ,ǰʦ·Ƚϴ,ţܸоﲻԣ⼸죬ҿʦÿ·ȳ,·ʱ,˦첲ĻҲûǰˡӢСüͷ,͵
ʦ·,ֻ̧Ŷ֪ľˡ
֪Ӣϸȴû뵽,ϸ̶ֳȡ
ӢǵȻˣ쿴ʦ·Ļ᲻֪һ֪,ȻƲ,ĳЩʱ,ȴÿö㶼֡봩ߣߣȴ룬ߡ
еľ
룬ǰ˵ʦ·ԣΪʲô
Ӣҡͷ֪Ӱ·ģȽ벻ˡ
᲻ʦûϢã·ŲԵģʡ
ʱ¶ŵľ⣬Ҳͷˣʦסϵ׳ÿĵӾͿʼɱɱܳʦҲ˵ÿ춼ᱻɱѣ˯߲ãǷ
Ӣǰʦ·Ҳû
ûϢֲһˣʦ·֣϶Ϊû˯á
ĬĬȷǿˡ
Ӣգգۣͷǰɡ
񻪣ݰɣȥϴˣȻҪҪȥҾ߳裿
Ӣҡͷȥ°Ǿͻˣڼҿ顣
񻪣ţȥɡ
ӢһЦ̧ߣҺͽһʰȻһ顣
С˵ţͽ˳һɨأһϴ룬ܿͰѳʰɾˡ
ѳָԭ˱һ飬￴񻪿꼶飬Ӣģǽ»Ĵ顣
飬ǰʱ俴ĳдЩͬ
дα˽׶ԣǰдˣ׵ѣǳһӢڳпαпһЩٿʱñȽϿ죬һֱ֮һٶȲ𲽷Ż
ʼ濴ʽѰҹʽĹɡ
ÿһʽһ飬ó𰸺󣬲Żƶ۾濴ڿһǰñʰһҪ͸Ķñʹ
񻪽ڿ꼶ˣ񻪽ѧСѧĿα飬񻪽Ҳѧ
ԣҪЩص㹴Ժ񻪽㿴дͶ磬ǵʱҲҪ
ѧ⣬һЩϰ⣬Ӣÿοϰ⣬ʰˡ
Ȼһ߿һ⣬ٶɺܿ죬ʱʱһֱ骺С̧ͷ
һȥӢһѾ͸֮
ٶȣҲû˭ˡ
ְ֣裬ǻˡӢԺյط飬ȻߵܵſڣЦеغ衣
ӢӣզˣһţŮĽ骺ܾϲûţӢ˹
Ӣ߳ӣӭ裺ǣҾ͸һˡ
裬񻪽ҲˣǳԺòãҶþûгԹˡӢ֣ĵ
Ҳˣæݿ£Цеվӱߣ񻪴кҲ˰ɣ㡣ȥгûоġ
ȣãȥսԺӣһϱİţֺǺһЦŶṳ̂ݣתȥгϡ
ǣӢ߽ݣºС˵˻㴩Χȹʼ󷹡ûãʹгˣʱﻹ㡣
һŵˮ۴ɱ㣬ӢµʯϣСɱ㡣
㣬Ȼ˷ûãƮζ
˼꣬ӢǸĲعϰߣһᵽζС۾һ񻪣Сȶ̾ʹڽ˳Ȼߣֻ۾ضڹϡ
ˣٴŰعˣֻҪ΢һСԴܿڵˮ
Ҳ֪ʲôһŸɫ
ˣȥʰһˡСӹ˵˳̵ȻͷС
Ӣ۾һæȥʰӡ
ҲϽæÿӣûһͳˣװ裬˵̵Ļͣõ档һ𣬳ζʱŨˡ
Էˡ
骰ӢװС뷹СԷӢӦһȥˮϴɾС֣һһߵӱߣȻ£㿪ʼԷˡ
Ӣʱͻˣ̵ٶȣҪһ죬СһŲһʹ̾ͷ˼ҡ
ÿ³̣Ǹɸɾһġ
ǳСģʳ
رϲŮ㣬ÿһιŮ㣬ͻһ£͹ŮԵǲͬһˣΪɶСŮͳԵôأ
ٷӢԳˡ
ŵСӶ骺񻪶᲻ʳ
һһңСѾͷԺӣȥ·һСʱʳ
Ϲֵʱ񻪰Ļ骣ƽ£Ҳ
˴£ûصù
£˵ˣģһ㡣
ϢҲµΪʲôҪСߣĬһ£˵ͷȥһʴѾͶѾ
ѾͶѾڽʡȻȶ룬ʵ˵˵ĹǮãĲ˵ȥ˽ʡⷿӾһѹǵľ޿˵øСĳԺңõ˼ƺС飬һ飬ǻ͸ˡ
񻪱Ъ⣬ڽͣͣһСʱŻ˼ҡ
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ϸ磬СһϡȻȥ˳
뿪ǰ׼ӢİװǮȥĳѣһ򿪣ȴŮﾹһѧ顣
дֵǱ鿴˿ŮϹص㲢һ˲⣬ڴͷվһȻѼǮֱӻʮǮ
źǮתͷ˯ֽŶ񻪵СŮҡͷһЦתų˷䡣
ȾɣٴҲ룬ȴ˵ɡ
뿪Ӣ񻪵ëëܣֽ˼˯һСʱ۾
ѹ𴲣СԴһֱ񻪣;СϺ㡣
ˣˣʰһ£ǵûȥˣ㣬ϲϻؼҵĳСѾͷˣСѾͷ
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Ŷ̻ᵣġӢһ̣СԴݵһ¹СӣȻ񻪽㣬죬죬˳ӡ
˵ţСѾؿʼ·
񻪿𼱻ǵӣЦҡҡͷ˴
˴·ȥ緹ʰ׵׼ؼˡ
ףǮˡԺţӢԿװʱԼʮǮ۾һϲ
񻪣ô飬Ӧǿˣġ
ţǲҵģϲˡӸˣǮס񻪵ĸ첲ıȥ˳վ
úܼʱ˳վʱҪȥʻѾ˳վڣͷûʲôνĳվͲװ˵Ĺ涨һ֣ͣ
˵ʻȥһӢˣΪÿ¶һΣһصģƱԱܺСﴵţˡ
ӴǼҴأôûǣһϳƱԱʹȤʡ
ӢƱЦеְ£ûǡ
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۾۹һΣͿ·ߵһɽϣиӰܡ
˴·ӢرϤʦϴǼɫӡ
ӢӺЩϤıӰһѣһ˳ϡ
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СѾͷ˲ۣһ˫۾һֱɽ·ɿ챼ܵˡ
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ʦ鷳ˣΪ󼸰״һһŮ׷Ȼܵÿ죬ĳ⣬һӢʦȾȻŵġ
˾壬죬죬ͣлҪץʦӢһҲû룬һŤͷæ忪˾
ûˣֻ˺һźӵŮģĳ˿ͣڰ·³ˣʣµ˲඼Ǹʻϵˡ
ģﶼ۾ڴ˯ӢͻĴ󺰣ѳ˶ˡ
˾ӢĺҲû룬һɲͰѳͣ·ߡ
ɶʲôˣʲôʦ˾סһͣԴ˳
ɽסˣ䴦䴦˾壬Ⱦʦ׷
һͣȣӢյһվ񻪾ܣ񻪽㣬ʦϻˣǿȥ
ʦһһͷ͸æ˾˾壬׷ʦ۸ʻСѧʦ³𣿡
ɶ۸ʻʦ죬쿪ţȥҶӵʦˡϣһ˵ϻ˵ǸʻʦҲû룬һѳűϵıⵣҪ³
ƱԱһæ򿪳š
ϳǱӵŮû˾ƱԱеģȫ³䴦ȥ
ӢҲææ˳һ³ŴܣӢȴһס㣬ߣ·ȥܻʦ
·ɽӢöΣ֪ͣطС磬ǣҲû룬񻪾ʹ·С
СＱææСܣӢķкǿСкü·ûֱͣӱһ
һߣ³ĴǣѾܹ˹䴦
Ȼһܹȥ˾ͿɽſڣһһŮڷɿɽܣӢ˵ʦ˶ûп
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ǰģ׷ʲôأñⵣ³ˣԶͳɤһ
رɽлص˺þá
ǰ׼ɽˣŲһ٣һۡ
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վסվסǸʲôģɽɶñⵣ䣬Ƴ˲ͣˣҲȻ٣׷øˡ
׷ٿҲûãΪ̫Զ׷ɽһһŮûӰ
һߣ緽ӢһֱСţӢ⹫̵ĲײѾ˿꣬ٶȣһҲǱŵ񻪣ѾȫСˡ
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ѵܼ꣬ľôã
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Ӹͣ·Ӣʶ֣ס񻪵졣
СһȥΪȻˤһ񻪣һգѿľʽ˺
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ذСϣӣӵһˣİѱذף·ǷɵһȫƣȷƾϵӲݡ
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˵Ĵ˵ķϵͳһλѣͳͳͻˡ
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ӢӣⱾ飬úý̵ϾͳɣʦȻô˵ˣ̿϶֪ôⱾ顣
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ֻǲ֪һ¼ʲô¡ʦӦǺˣӦǻˡȻʦһ齻衣
оǣղʦ򿪹İʱпǰװģһС͵ߵ
ղʦ뿪ǰ˵齻裬û´ʦңһʼȥҵġֻǲ֪ΪΣûе
Ӣıֺγǣֻ벻ʲôı
Сص·ϣ˾ͳϳ˿ͻûվܱߵһǼȥ׷˵ģ˵Ż̵شǱ˹
Сղȷ׷ʦ˾ųߵŵС
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ʦӣ֪£ԣͳͳ˵
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һ³˾͸æ˹֣Ȼ·¸˹һӢܲȷʦ
ӢüͷһѰ˼ӣǣֲǣ壬Ҳ֪ǲʦ
λʦʡ
Ӣ۾һǣֱӵӰǵİΣֹʦ
ԱһͻȻǲˣСʱǰֹΪСӵҵһͿ׷Сһء
¹˭˱Ǿ͵óԣˣȥӿ
˾˵ĵصǻɽߣԣᾯҲ׼ȴ֡
¾û˾Ӣʲôˣһ˴ӹֳ͸ɢˡ
ӢҲһһ֣㿪ʼϣȿ쵽ʱٴζӢȥǱ顣
񻪾;ãСӢ̫ˣһǱ飬ͻᷢЩʲô£֪ԽԽȫԣĵֽΡ


66 
ӢҪȥǱ,صҵӢȴһ,һʱͷǱ顣
һܺ飬ǹ,ûƤӢ֪ɶ飬ڹڵȡʽ,һ۾ܿԭ,Ǳˡ
Ȿܳ¾,߽ĥأЩطˮʪ,ԵˮӡӣӦǱ˾顣
Ӣ̯üͷ㷭
鷭ر,ûκͣ,৵,·ֻǷһ,Ƿٶȣһ,֪ûпеݡ
ʮӣӢһ٣ط,ĵʮҳ,һ·,бǦʵĺۼ
ۼǳϸֲˡ
Ӣⱻġ֣ͷһ۾һѱʺͱȡ˳
Ȼһֿʼͷ顣
һΣûղŷô죬ٶԾɲÿҳ֣ͣ˳ǵϡ
ʱһ֣ʱһ֣ҳ롣
ô۾һֱ飬㷭˿СʱŰ鶼ˡ
ͬʱСϣҲ¼˺öֺ֡
Ӣϣ±ʣ˸СȻĿһת˳Щֺϡ
ûκιɵֺ֡
ӢûйܣȶЩֿ˺һҲûʲôƬְ̺ĿⶢԼµҳϡ
ӢССɵϣŴûй棬ں۾ҹµޣڣһԼۻˡ
ΪСϸŵı飬һ˼ߡ
ʱһһȥӢҳ룬ԴɿתúҲ֪ҳʲôɣǱߺһ£΢Ц
Ӣͷٴδ飬Ȼһ߶Աҳ룬ɿг¼֡
ӺӢЩҳ룬һ˽ʮ֣ǰµ֣ͳһٶ֡
һٶ֣кЩظġӢ¿һۣȻյһγ֣ʼһһֵһٶ֡
˵еһͰѱϵĵŵһԴƣһٶ֣һλ
һӢ֮˶±ƵĻ
λĴ˼˵ȥ걻ʰһٵھӣڻһر֯֯׼ƻһоǴ˲ڵڲЩˣƻʲôоֻǸӹϢ˲֪˲Ŵ뿪߾ͱ֧鶼ʧȥϵ
˼ͷ֣ȥˣֻҵؼŪھӰڹ֯ľϢ
ӢݣԴʱˡ
գգۣŵͷ
ۣʦǸ㷴˶ģԭǲ֪ĵطӢۡ
ΰ󣬺ΰ󡭡
⣬ղڹֵʱ򣬸˵Ϣ⣬᲻Ầʦ
ʦڱ׷ˣ϶ʦϢ˻ҪͳͳȥһϣϢϵݸ衣
ǺˣϳȥϣҲȥ˳ˣΪû
ȵȣ֣ΪʲôʦҪϢݸ裿
ѵҲǺʦһġ
סס϶ͳͳˡ
ݿɲʺϸʦһУϾ⹫Ծڽʡ̵ҲڵģҪǺʦһ񲻾ǻİӣ⹫̵϶ͬ⡣
ǣΪɶʦҪԼ齻裬ȥ⹫
Ӣ˺þã벻ͨйؼ
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Сüͷһֻһһ˵ӣٷ¡
˵ռҲиڱ߾ţǱ򶫱硣
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ҵǣ򶫱Ŵǳսûˣռûֻ֪ڵһս֮򶫱лűƽһȥ򶫱Ҳֻ½عţԱƽΪ
ЩӢҲǴ⹫˵ģ֪򶫱ˣͳųȱ߾Ļˣ򶫱绹
⹫ͦ˵ģٵʱ򣬻ں˵ô糤ˣҲȥһ¡
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ѾĵˣӢҲ֪ôˡ
ڽѾˣҪ豨ţҲ죬ʦ
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ӢСüͷɸʱ̲Ů˵ԶԶ̲ӡ
Ӱǧģģ˾ͲûϣҪһȰĹεĶ
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ܹ𣺡ץʲôץ˶ܲˡ
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ܹ𣺡ɱĸô»õñŲţص˵֪ˡ
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Ӣ˶Իǰӹֳǰ񻪽ȥһ˾ҡ
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ţ߽
ӢСԴ͵㣬һ㶼Ϊʲôʶ̵һߣȻ߽Ŀأߵһ¡
һƵֳˣڳ
ӢָСȣ񻪽㣬ʲô𣿡
ʲôʶ˾䡣
𾪵úܡ
֪ߵ״Ķģ
Ӣˡ
㲻Ǵ緢ĺô
ʮ磬˶ߵ粨Ϣѵ뵽ûռ
Ӧɶ񻪱Ӣ¡
밡εવǵлõ籨ϢϸһӢһ죬ߵ粨񻪵Ƥ¡
񻪣
ʲô
ȵȣ롭ǵӰﾭֵģϢص籨ɣ
뷨һͻȻԼԴˡ
ӢӣߵĶģ
Ӣʵҽġ
񻪾ˣô
Ӣѧġ
񻪣
ɶʱʼˣ
Уѧͻ߽ô򵥣Ƕ˳иеˣöֻ˰
Ӣӽ룬飬߽⣬⣬᲻̫ǰ˵㣿
еز
СӢӵǣֻ꣬ҪɣӢǸˡ
üͷһӢӣ˵ĵ룬ǲĦ˹룿
ӢӸղ˵ĵ룬ǵųֹĦ˹ɣ
ԣԣԣĦ˹롣ӢС۾һ
Ȼ񻪽ǶԵģ񻪽֪ⶫ
񻪣Ӣӣɶи
ӢС۾һæʣ˭
񻪣ʦ
ʦȻֻǽСѧʦͨˣȻᱻ׷һΣͷһǣǰȥָ̣գ̰Ѷүү
үүɲͨˣǿǾս£սϻˡ
Ӣ˵үүսѼӸλ
ʦǻ֤ţʦһݲΪ֮ݡ
ԣʦ֪⴮ʲô˼
ʦȶˣҽԺҪȥҲˣ벻֪ʲôʱϡ
񻪣ʦԺңҲû£ֻҪߵƵͳɡƵӦСƵýźţȻҲеƵﴫ
ϱڶԽϹ߽࣬񻪻֪һģҲֻһƤë
޼ԭһϲͨ
񻪸ӢѶȥʦҪĻ죬ʦ׷
ԣʦ¶ˡ
ʦܻȥסԺھڼֻǶסԺѡ
ӢӣˣٰȥʦɣֻҪסƵͳɡ񻪸Լ
ӢСü룬ɣھ͵ðⶫͳȥȻյƵ࣬ܽյźŷΧ㣬ǷĲǸ
ֻյ̶Ƶ߽ȴǿ޲գö౻εĵ粨յԲһ
Ӣ˵񻪲֪뵽ʲô¹﷭˼İӴϣȵȣҺһȥһ˵ˣû׽ʦһƬ¾Ƿġ
Ӣһں۾յһ
ǻɶϽģȥʦ
񻪴·ǣӢ߳䣬ȻԳﺰ˾䣺裬ҺӢӳȥһЩʱ
춼ˣȥĶأźɻ񻪵ĻӳԴʡ
ȥ͵㶫Ҫ裬ҡ񻪻ͷźɻһЦȻӢԺߡ
źɻ뿪ԺӵĹŮﲼ˿ǡ
Ƭ̺̾س
̾ɶ˺ջϱ̾ĵһ䡣
źɻӣ˵ǲˡ
˺ɶ
źɻ񻪴ǸģһŴ衣ǸùҶӵˣ񻪸ɽԺ󡭡
һԣ۾Щʹ̣ǽڽ˳԰ҵʱͲ֧ȥʲô׵ģŮԺͲ˼ҵˡ
ҵǶԺиģӣ浣ۼס
˺裬꿴ϣ𣿡
̣ڿŵǺã˭֪Ժء
źɻ裬룬񻪶ӣȥˣȻӶ棬;׿ǡĵģһ棬Ǿ͵ǺûԵݰɡ
̣õǿ˺أ˺ûˣ˶û֪
˺裬һ컹Զأ಻ҺͺɻǮҪһ죬չ˾ͳɡ
̣㵱ǵˡ
˼Χ˵˼䣬Ъ
һߣ뿪ӵӢææܻؼң˵Ҫȥʦ
ɶҪȥʦ̧ܹͷ˳ɫ
Ѿǰĺ۳žҪˣҿɫϻгҹꡣ
ܹüۣ춼ˣȥɶһȥѧУʦɡ
ɣɣˣ̣ȥ˰
񻪽ղŷĺĦ˹ģǸ
ÿȥʦ
ʦȻǸһеӢۣӦþ֪⸽е粨ֻҪҳ粨˾ܱ
ɶôܹԣˣ˵ʲôӢȥϡ
˵Ǽ¡
ЩΣգܸ̣̣̲ؼš
漱ܹ۾Ӣ
ӢСصͷ
ܹСѾͷô棬룬Ҫȥԣүȥ
Ůʲôӣܹ
ôˣҲǰѴһ㣬󣬾ʹûȡֹʦ¡
ˣүȥɣи˸ţҲ̫ġ
ţүҺãһеߺ·ءӢ͵СԴûһܾ
ɶȻ֪ϲй°
ʱȥȦϲۿӶɽ˯ͷ޵ĸо
е
үһȥûôˡ
ܹһǣӢͳݣһԺӣԺ⣬ҲҪȥ
ӢţʦкҪ¡
ܹСŮʣȥ˹
Ѿ˷Ÿӣ￾𣬼ܹӢ񻪹һܹɶ¡
Ӣĺ󱲣һʻܹ𿪿ڣͱֻźͨˡ
ܺϰͨģ̫ӢûһӢ˼
е㲻ָܹͬ𰡰˼·˵ܹôôߺӣ˾Ȼúȥϡ
Ӣסүĸ첲һҡҡǰǰҡûˡ
εؿߵСֶ̾ȥ񷿣˸¨Ӣһװ¨ȻȡͲ˾ͳ˹
ܹýܻ꣬Щģ׷Ժӣ¨һºҡ
գ˵뿪𽥱û谵
ʮӹͳװȥ죬ڵòָ·ģʵ̫ˣûޣǰѵͲˡ
ũܺãҲر󣬱СȴֻʮӾߵϡ
ѾˣƵӲ࣬һϣӢ
үȥ׳ǵʦס׳Ӣֻţͨһ£ȻβǱߵ׳ȥ
׳Ͻְֵ˼֡
ΪÿӣͻϹԣ׳ˣ˯ܻȱһ㡣
׳ǶζһɲǾ˱ӣӢСӣ̧ͷ׳ס
׳סͳļ¥ͬǴƽһš
񻪽㣬֪ʦסļ𣿡ӢһŶŵӣСüͷʵ
֪ҲûȥʦҡҲǰŷӡ
Ƭ̺֪ʲôָͻȻһָָ·гķӣӦǼңȥʦʱľг
ŹгܺñϣΪгһӣ񻪺Ӣм
һָӢͿг
˶һۣ˵ͷǼƽȥ
ƽƽһŵƣӣƺѾ˯ˡ
ڼ𣿡ƽǰӢţʡ
ﰲûһ
ӢһţʦڼӢ
ΣСѾͷˣֱ˳ȥ
ڣӢһ£ͺ˵ơ
ת·ûһһŰӵĽ˶ˣ˷š
Ŵ򿪣һͷͳſڵС
ɲǣŹ˫۶ʱ䱸
壬ʦڼмӢСԴʡ
ŹشһҲ֪ǲǿʲô΢΢һɣȻͰӢʦˣԺСͬѧʲô£ʦˣ˵ɡ
ŹʶӢ񻪡
˵ˣڱܿʱΪһǱ鱨ʱѧǶ
Ӣ֪ģϾͬ־Ů񻪡ºҲȥݱû⣬ҲͬӢһǸС
壬ƭңʦŲȥ
ʦ¶ˣ񲻾ͳ˻İӣɱΣնˡ
ӢŹںССһģص壬ʦм£ϽҺһʦ
Ź񣺡
Сͬѧô֪ûģ
ѧУͶȥסԺˡڼ䣬ṳ̂һ֪ģ
ͬѧǽԻ磬ͻȻ
ź·˴󲡰㣬û
Źˣüͷǽݰɡ
Ӣ۾һ񻪶һۣߡ
һȥ͸ҲҪݡȴʱŹһ죬⡣
壬үʦүûµġӢ󶯾ͷϽ͡
ֻţһҲڽԼݡ
Źԥһ£Ҳݡ
Ӣ񻪣ôʱ
Ӣһݣͼͨҵţվ
һܲɫ뿪ѧУʱѿ
˿̲԰׵һ˿Ѫɫ촽Ƥģ˭ǿҪеˡ
ʦôˣӢ񻪾ˡ
Ŷˣʦôͱˡ
ǿ˸Цû£ͺã˵˵ǣ춼˻ңʲô𣿡
ֻϵ̫ãûסˡټ˿ЩȾˣѾҩһʱ䣬ָܻ
Ӣĵؿ磬Ȼ߽ȡʦҽ˵㶫ҾãҪ
ʲôŹӢóľʵ壬ɻʡ
û취̫ǰˡ
Ȼߵ粨ϢõѾװõĵ籨Ӣ׵øƵߵ粨ս
ҲڶԽϹ࣬װֵ·ˣһۿ
ߵ粨ҴѧġӢ򿪿أֿʼƵǰǸµƵ
վŵһԵŹӢ˵ǸСľߵ粨󣬶ʱˡ
ߵ粨ϤĴʡ
ƵĶǵ粨
˵İɡ
ӢںˣƵӢͿߣѽµƵˡ
С»˵飬˵ˣ˵Ļɫ˵߳ʱСһ
ڻӢǲں˵ŹٿȻһ٣۾ͬʱֳء
̫Ϥˣû͵ʱתĵ
𾪡
ţǰСߵĶܽյֶ
ˣˣʦ죬˲һСʱˡӢں۾һָŵ粨æ
˵һ룬ͺյЪСüͷһšɻף֣ʲôϢҪһСʱ
һСʱӢӣʲôһСʱ̧ȣѵشӷ
̧һȣ·þ㣬һͽüͷѹϵʹʡ
һСʱǰˡӢ̧
üͷӢӣ֪ʲô𣿡
Ӣں۾֪
磺֪ģ
⹫ҵġӢʵһ£Ȼϰ⹫ڻ
ʦϴζᵽ⹫ˣضռӦЩϤ⹫Ȼڣ⹫ԽӴܶͨ˽ӴĶ
Ӣһ⹫ͼ˿˽⡣
״Ӣ˿
⹫ãͳͳղŶͲΪɶЩˡ
֧ʺֽҡӢ̧ȥߣСĵһ̧ţû֧ţͲˤȥ
Ź״æסȻ첲һͰӱߡ
˸£Լȥñʺֽ
º۾һרע˵
ڳӹŹϵֺֽƽŵĳ̡
ֵεӣӺȥ
ڣֽ֡
רҵʿǲͬӢһŵʺţȴһһרҵ֪ʶ
СĻһеֽ˺ݸŹ񣺡ƽһλ
Ź˵ͷȻֽ߽ҡ
˲ʮӣһֽش˳
ŹѹС磬׳ѾȫǱתˣղ͵ǵз룬׷ˣΣҲϵϢϵǵļƻ
ŹĻյ죬ҲʻߣǿѾµڸʻˣ֪ˡ
Щ˴˸ʻЩˣ϶ôľλá
Ź񣺡뿪£Ȱȫ˵
˵ͷüӢ񻪣ͬѧͬѧллǣǿ뿪׳ȥ󣬱֪ǽ
ʦǲǲԶӢ۾ɫ԰׵磬ʡ
˵ͷͬѧܴЩ£Ǵͳɣͬѧ͵ʲô֪Ҳû׳λͬѧǿЩ߰ɣˣߵ粨͸𣿡
ϵ߷ѾˣһĽĿǰΨһ֪зĶڣȡзϢ
ԣ͸ʦ
ӢŹ񣬺ؾͲ֪ô졣
׷ˣʦΣգͳͳȴﲻ˶æΪ̫Сˡ
ҪǴͺˣи磬ܰﵽʦ塣
ǿģ⹫˵Ȼһ㣬ˣǳɵġ
ӢЩˡ
񻪿һ磬üͷ˽ͻȻʦ岻ʺԶ·߰ɣȥ壬ǿɽɽһ㣬˾Ҳǡ
ԣɽɽһʱҲǡС磬ȱܿ˺ˣ㡣Źɽµ۾ͻһ
תæңϴȻȡһİҩȫϣͱ׼뿪
Сͬѧɽ죬ǾͲһˣǿЩ뿪ȫ˱Ź
Ӣ񻪵˵ͷҲû˵ɶҲ֪׳ߣߵʱѱӵı¨ˡ
ǰ߳ӣŹ͹ĵƣţû˺ڰС
Ӣ񻪶֪ʱʲôû˵ͼȥ
ǸɣʱӢǶεʲôû֪һΣȴǹغŹİΣ
Ӣڣûߵ粨͹ϣ׳ͷɶֵ¡
ҹ
ĽֵϣҰʱʱ
죬ߣߴߵСѾͷȻҲ˵ῴɫ
һͱֻŰһӢǲǷʲô¡
ӢүЩ£ȱȻүʦ£ʦ˵
Ӣ˼ûٳˡ
˳Ĭţһֱǰߡ
ӢͷһߣһߵŹİΣ
ţҲ֪뵽ʲôСͻȻһ٣ͷ񻪽㣬Ȳȥǻȥ׳ɡ
ںΣաüͷһһץסӢ
ӢСӺߺʣ֪˵ΣգͲΣա
ղʦ˵˿ܻж˲ҪôжֻҪʦͱ׳׳㿪ǻжʱ㣬زᳬҹʮ㣬㣬Ƕ㵽׳棬Ҫлǰǵ׽˰ɡ
ЩӵԴ׽
Ӣ㣬æҡͷҺ㶼Сޣô׽
񻪣ǵ׽𣿡
Ӣ԰׽˵Ĳǣ׳ˡ
񻪽㣬ߣа취ûץ˻֪զ¡˵ţӢС۾һת׳ߡ
񻪾ΣգӢȥȴסӢֻܶţСѾͷܡ

Ӣʱûֻ·
ԣɶ֪СֶܣΪɶأҲŵ˻ȥ
ûһ˾ͻص׳
ΣӢûȽȥ׳ȦСͣ׳һô¡
Ӣ۾һȻת׳ȥŴƽСѾͷţƽǳܼϣ˳ϴõ´衣
Ӣñ˵ӣ۾һӢ˼¡
ΪӢǵӣ͵˵ء
Ӣ鵽ŽűߣȻֻţɶ
̫ӣ˺þãûףԽԽԺ
Ӣүӣ룬ɴֱӱȻҪ͵׳
ڿ׵
İɣ
˭ôĵӣ׳͵
ӢүŪˣСѾͷ˰ѿˮĶͷȻǿ棬ֻСһݺȥ
˵һ棬񻪰´ݸ
Ѿ֪˵ʲôˣ̾˿ӵݸѧӢҲ
˺Ž͵ӢߣӢˣ룬ɴߵ棬¨ñ¨Լס
һǣ˵һ˻淢ֲ
ҹ̹ǡ
ҹʱëëꡣëëûӰϵСΪֹҶïʢëëʱڣ⡣
Ӣˣȵƫ˯ֻһֱգ۾ŬԼ˯ĵ
ǰ˵˽ҪжǾ;Բᳬʮ㡣
ȻŸոʮһͷϾ˼Ұķͽ
Ӣһ˱һ裬һȫǵϣ۾˯š
⹷һСյһ˹
ѹһ۶ԷȻתͷ·Ͽ˹ȥ
һ˱ڰУĸӰϢ׳˹
񻪿⼸ˣһƣ䵽ССɣһǹԱӢϡ
ľػɣԱߵСǸ
Ȼզô׼ء
ƫ뷨ߵСͱԴµļ
񻪣
ڲ֪£ˡ
Ӣж¡
ǰƾһɾ׽ˡȻˣ־ãС첲Сȵģһû׽Լȥˣ̻
ңͳͳۡ
ҪǱʰˣ϶ۺۡ
ӢŵòУԲԼĲ״ǱߣĸˣԴһܵûʲô״һ׳
ӰһʧѾе˵ӢȻ͵
һ´վȻԴ׳Χǽ￴
ĸӰӹȻ·ȥס۾һ붼û룬æϵһ´ùȻһ֣ӡ
׽׽С͵׳͵ˡ
´ûȻȲģҲǺġ
Ӣһã׳ʱ˵ơ
񻪼״Ҳæվɤӣ׳󺰣׳͵ˣ㣬㣬Ӷ䷿
´Ӻ׳Աȫ
أأأ
䷿ʦݣ죬׽
յģˡ
һȺɱ׷ɱסꡣ
˿ڽݵĸӣû緿䳤ʲôôɱһȺˣ


68 
ƹ,ĸҹŵˣֱؿһȺõˡ
Ƥµĵ,ĥ÷ö˵Ӱӡ
иҲŰذס
ذ׵,ɱǵĵֳԼذףĪ,;áذ׺е㲻ˡ
յ,͵,Ϊû𣿡һɱ,۾һģݺݵصذ׵Ĵͽ
СӣǱȵ𣿡
Ȱ۾㣬ϵĵ,Ȼһ˼״,ߺ,Ȼһеɱ
⵶,Ӷͱ
ĸסĴͽ
ˣͱɱˡ
׳,ӵӢ񻪣˶һ,Ĭʮ
һ,С,Ūˡ
ûŪѡ
Ҳڵģŵžͱ˯ȥˣӢӣˣΨûѡ
ѹеԺ
ӢҲܲԺԺˣͼææڰĽֵȥ
׽׽Щ˿ɺͨĻ˲ͬҪǱ֪µģԼ񻪽㣬Ժͻ鷳
ԣû֪񻪽Ĵڡ
պҲ뷨С׳һˡ
ߵʱֻ׳ŵơ
׳ڣһȺϲˣ붼û뵽ǾȻӱ¶ˡĸ뷴׳סĶɱһأһɱڵӣ˵ĸסˡ
ĸڸµģˮû𣬾ȫˡ
һֱͽ֣ĸ˶Щ¡ֻΪжʧ̫ܵĪˡ
ǻÿһڣ֣ÿڶûκ⡭
û⣬Ϊɶͱץأѵֻɺϣ
ĸ˶ˣɱȥʱǻΪֻͨĵ԰ȷ֣ǵĿб˿г룬
ȫʻǰҲиģǰһƣͳ˴󰸡
ʶģؾ;ãο϶ҲǴ󰸡
һӣ͵⼸ʡˣңð˵ݣʻġǶˣ¶ûѶ˵ʧٺöˡ
쿴ŵĽز⡣
Ͼʡ߾ڻУǿ˸󣬵ϱС
űȥһ죬оϽˡ
ûʡˣͷ⼸ƺӣⶼֱԾС⼸˱ˣȥĸطһʼ참ľ춼֪
ȻЩӢֻ֪֪ܲˡ
׳ɱɷĺܣ⼸ֻҪϸ첲ȣͿ϶ᱻץס
ץסˣǾ׼εɣЩε׵ĻᶼС
ϸ꣬ԹرСŵͲٴںڰС
£Ӣס˯⣬үı¨˯ˡ
Ӣӣ˯쵽ˣؼ˯££ϵİӣӢ
ҹر䡣ǳʱ򣬶ഩ·Ȼ䣬ǿܶס
Ǻ˯Ӣ񻪵Ͽ˿˸Ƿýﰡ
̫ᡣ
ҪǸ£õŴģҹ氡
˯̫ˣ˯˲ðӢС֣ŽԼİźúҲӢİ
ţҲ˯Ӣ˦˦ԴŬ۾
һСӢ˵˻˵ĻŹ¡
һ˵Щ£Ӣǰղյ۾ʱ࣬˾ʦ
Сһ𾭹µģ˵ɶܻ䶼ûУӢ˵ˣ뵱ʦˡ
ʵҲʦˣôˣ;ãʦΰóݣóݡ
ʦ˴ĵ𾴵ˡ
С룬һ㣬ͻȻΰкö࣬ΰЩڱ߾ҲΰҽҲΰӢӣΰûǣ۲һʦ·
ʲôЦʦɵУͽһСӴͿеΣա
ҪһС
̫ΣˣУķɡ
ҪʲôӢµġ
񻪣꣬Щ̫Զˣȶɣȶ飬ˣһжɡ
Ӣ룬ͷĵ˵Ŷԣ̫СˣĿǰֻܶ飬ģһúö顣
˵ܴʱ䣬ӢźûĶãͱүŵִ塣
һСѾͷӭ˼ǵ˶˶ٻƾ⡣
ȫ̫ˡ
ҹһ߸õȲӻĴˣǺܵġⵣĵȻͱ˷ŭ
СѾͷ֪أ
Ҳ޹ǣϳ̸ӡ
ֻţͲ
Ӣֲ˵£˵׳ˣǿ׽ԲŻġ
ҲͨȻ϶
ӢͷһؿôףСһҪˡСһ֪ܿޣһޣҪԻƾ
ʹԲˬ󷨣ӵغ̡
ϵϳϳųųֻǲĳӲʯͷģҪ
ܹе㿸סǻѵһС
ϣӣӢӶ֪ˣҲⲻץŻ˵ˣŵģܳɶ£Ϲˡһԣܹ˵ǮϱҲסӢֺ˷
һˣܹܹƢ
̣̣֪ˣ´ҿ϶ôؼҡӢڰ˵ϹСץסܹҡҡ
´Σܹ۾һɡ
ӢСԴæһҡûУûУû´ΣԺ϶ˡ
Լ˵ģҪ´ΣˡܹһС
Ӣ̣˻۵ġ
ܹ𣺡ۣ㲻ԡ
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̶ܲƾˣ氤۵ĿԼ
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˴ҹˣȻȥ˯ˡǮϱ˸Ƿҡҡλλ˸Ǯҡ
ܹǮϱһߣĻƾˮƿﵹЩˮȻˮӢ̽ź֡
Ƕ죬ôãҲ֪ɶϸ㣬ð
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ӢҲúܣһɽѣմͷ˯˹ȥ˯ȥǰԴԺţҪҪ⹫ͷŹȥ
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СϢٶǱʲô죬ĺӲŵѧУвĴ˵ʲô׳ˡ
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˵ײ⼸ӵСŮСŮû֪ˡô׳˸ѵġ
˭ײơ͵ģһԣ׳ĴǶ֪
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˱ץʦȫˣӦҪ˶ãͿԻϿˡ
Уڿźǰ˲һµ磬ڳ˽
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Ӣ֪絽ܵʲôˣܿʦȻع飬ˡ
ʱ䣬Ӣ鲻پڴˡԭǴһһѧԴŪһߵ粨;ãͻѧͬʱգ֪֪ʶͨõʵС
ӢѼװߵ粨͸󣬾ûٶⶫˣȥƷչվ˻޲õ졣
ΪܸⶫֻСһԼһСߡ
ͷרҵĹ߻ЩȱǩһϸСӣת˺öطû򵽣󣬻ǻش壬ܴľͷġ
ܴѧľڻ̫СûҾߡ
ܱ¶ûȥԼڼҴСΰʲôģǮ
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ܴһ͸ӢһףСģʲôļӶУ㹻Ӣþˡ
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ޣźűȽԣջܽյƵû
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ΪǴһˡ
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ӢĴǮˮˣСѾͷúܣˮһǮӣǰ̾˺ö졣
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ӢûһǣΪͿżˣżٺְͻԣûҪǡ
Լеĵһν״ӢСʦǣһ˼ҡ
ȥһ£̣Ľ״Ľ״Աߡ
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ոµĽ״ǽϣܹڸˣԼֱǽϵӢҲˡ
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ǸֶӦе󣬺һŵţӢ

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˿ʱŹϣȻתֱӵͬ־ѾȫˣܽϢֱӴͳȥ㿴԰֪£𣿡
ŮҡͷܾУұ50783ӣһĪ־׳Ҳ˵
Ǵȥݣٵÿһĳ·һٳü
ΪϢѾˣˡ
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˵ţŮ˴ͷ˾˵Ϣ󣬱νԼɱģҴҲΪͷˣ˵סһͼֽȻûãͳµġ
ǸȻҺͰһǲǡҴǰ˵ˣ˭ʶ˵ֻҪ˵ҺͰͲȼĪ־׳˵ģȻ˵
һԣ˵ʲô磬Ů̶仰ͻȻͲ֪˵ʲôˡ
ѹֱ߾ǱߣôĸͻԭѾˣΪϢˡ
ʦȰ˰⼸λͬ־ҽԺɣŮͬ־һ磬ԻȥݡŮ˵Ļü룬
ңҺһȥһԣһֱΧϱתͻȻ
骲ͷͱȥˣڼҿúӣһˣѾҰûˡ
ҡͷɣҪһȥ
骣
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Ҫȥģȳ棬¶ӣȻ˵¡
ܹһ棬ӳһݣĻ
骿ЪȻһЦȥȡһͿӹ绹ŹǶĸӣװһ棺һ࣬ȳԵ㶫극˵
ŹҲû룬վžͿʼԺھҲ˿ӡ
˽ɽҪ
ǽȥĴæûκ׼⼸ȫɽʲôǾͳʲôͳɡʱŸ·ûκͣЪɽ·ߣִ˼˻̺µ壬һһࡣ
ŮΪӴ˿ڣ϶浽ȻСĵιӳԡ
ӵˣǱɽĹʯ˵ģֱֻƤⶼû취롣
裬Լԡϵ꣬ԼÿӣŮȴ˶㣬ܿ֡
ι㣬ֺˣԼ԰ɡŮ˵ţһ棬ι˶ӡ
һԣݵܹ𣬷۾Ͷ˵ϡ
ǰմѪͷҺ壬ûϴɾͷҲ£һ£һնޣپȫ¶˳
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ܹҲ֪Ͽɶһ˫۾һֱض˼ϡ
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棬üɻؿܹ
ܹ˼ҵĳֻС
ڿɶأ骼˿ܹ𣬳ʡ
ܹ˼£һûû˸ˡ
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ܹͷ壺ǰͷǸ򰡣ǵɽ϶Ǹ
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Ԫ˰϶ˣĽŮҲ϶ˡ
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Ҳ˵ˣҲʮ꣬Ļʶ㵽զˣͻȻʮˣ档
ö˶˵ģȻḶԪɶ
Ԫ֪֪̫ˣûɶӡ
ܹݣѹŵСӣҳţú͸Ԫм񡭡
˵ܹ۾ŬŸԪûǰӡ
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ܹ𣺡ʲôȻ󣬾Ǿú񣬸ղһһ£ΪǸԪˡ
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սңѵʻʻȻҲ̫ƽɽסһˣȴҪܶ࣬ձûɽ
Ľ˵ˣڸʻ򰲼ҡ
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긶ԪĽɺˣϧ,ˡ
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ˡ
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һֱţôӢ빦
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룬ֱ˵ԼֶŮϲ飬ֱȽµ֮飬Ӣ䷢ֵġ
Ī׳ĻΪӢǲĳСţһתͷԼѣӢŪһ飬Щ飬Щ궼򲻵ŪˣŪ˳꣬Ҫϰ⡣
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һѧȻѧϰȱȲСǸ֪ʶٶȣҲΪֲһѧڹȥҲ꼶顣
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Ҫһʮ󣬲Żᱻ˹ϵĶ
ڡԼСͿʼֳ֪Ķˡ
񻪾Щ˼飬һ£ʣҪְ뵼壿
׵ģһӦùˡ
Ӣ̾񻪽㣬ҪԼȰɡ
񻪣õˣߣȥٻ̵꿴
˵ǣӢһתȥ˰ٻ̵ꡣȻ󡭡ֱӸӢ˸µ
ҲſˣɶҪƱȻǻˡ
Ӣµõջµúܣ񻪽㣬ǮҲǮԺһҪܶܶʵ飬ûǮɶˡ
񻪽Ȼ͸ø񻪽ĽŲߣԺŻööǮ


73 
Ӣ;ʵ̫Ǯˡ
ݿ,кööǼʱյĿƼЩƼԣһ׶,϶Ͷġ
ֻԴʵǹؼ
пƼۣΪʵ,ɹ
ʵǿɺܷǮܷǮ¡ûƱ֧,һжǿ̸
Ժ,ʲôʵ飿
۾С,֪ΪɶȻһ,ԺܳΪӢĵĸо
һԸġ
Ϊû취ܾ
ȻⱲӣֻӢӴһ,ʵ,ʵ䶼,,Ӣӵĳֲ֣ϱӵź
,ҪϱŮûбߣ϶ҲӢɡɰ,
˵
Ӣӵϱ,汻Щ֪صСĲᡣ
Ⱳ,һӢûɵ϶Ҳ㡣׽Ūˣôǰ;һСͱɵˣ
ⱲӣһðӢӿõ㣬ɲţ߻·ˡ
пȫ֪ǰСںﱳʱѾˡ
֪֪ҪǰˣӢͳɡ
ʱûã϶кܶණҪģĿǰĿǶλһǵλϴ̵ҿֽëӹͺǱߵһѾ˳ǵ붨λϵͳûҴʱǵŪŪӢ˵ԼĴ㡣
Ȼ㣬ȴ񻪸ˡ
ͨҲ֪Ӣ˵ʲôӺȴ֪Ӣӿ˵ģʲô
һֻ˭֪GPSλϵͳ
񻪣
Ӣڿʲô飿
ΪɶЩ֪ˡ
ңһҪȥ˵ǵԼʵơ
㣬оλɣоúȸҿ𾪣˻
УȻð»Ǽͼĸȥǵ㣬Ͻ˺Ǽͼֽ֣ӢƣԺ󣬲̽ޡ
ǮԺ
̽ޣͬʱҲòС
֪ΪɶߵС˵ЩĪ˹ţ;ã϶ɹ
Ϊһˣʱʲôʱ
ҲԼıϵͳģڶʮڼ䣬ƼչһֱֱϵͳڿռƼ棬
֧֣֧֣ʧˣҲҪ֧֡
񻪼òУ߰ɣȻȥ
˵۾һʣһٸһ
񻪽кܶǮ𣿸ˣ᲻ͱˡӢС΢ţʡ
񻪣ûͳɣһ𣿲۶һУ㻹ɶһ˵꣬ҳܲ򵽡
Щ꣬ɲϹڵġ
ȻڻȲϱˣҲҪģǰʱѾں˵һˣĿñӣܹǧٶ
㴺󣬾뿪˼ңǵļƻȥ˺ǣ׼ȥǴѧϰιӣñг뿪ʱ˺üñӵ
ǰһ꣬ڸĸ￪ŵĳڣٷϴˣһжѿչװһУеġ
ıʶԼ궼
Ϊʶ˸С棬ʮˣרŷñӣñҪȫ˴
Ǽձ֯õգǮѾᵽëǮһˡ
⻹ֻǸ𲽡
Ǳȶ׼һҼñӡ·ЬΪһķװ˾ֹ˾ǰʮȵĹ˾Ժ󡭡
뵽Ժתͷں۾ӢϿ˿
󣬾ͿʼоСѾͷڣԺ󲻶бķչ
򣬿ûǮ㡣ҪӢˣɸ˹е㲻˼
ҪĶҪǿɾͶˣһ
ˣԺ󻹲ô죿
񻪳ΪǮСЦҡҡͷ
֣Ӣͷûȥооɹ󣬰ѵһƷңҳܲܰƷǮ
ǮӢ۾ˡ
ס
Ӣ񻪽㣬զû뵽ء
Ȼ񻪽񻪽㣬һġ
ЦЦתֽٻ̵꣬ӻŪ˸
Ū֣Ӣȫɢã񻪣ϻؼҵĵ糵ȥ˺ƽ·Ǳߡ
˼ǰںƽ·˷ӣⷿʱûסҲ˺ƽʱʱסһסٲȻĩӢһʱס
ƽ·棬ֵһ棬˼ڳĳʮԱڼӰӵñӡ
Ӣãȫ˹ñЧеͣ˵ڱǮ࣬һˣȥеܲܶһһʱ˷һЧʾͻˡ
ӢˣŶһûˡ
ʲô˸ʲôɶģֻܸ壬ľͲˡ
˼ңӢûŶѧ飬濴
뵼漰Ԫ֪ʶҪȰ֪ʶ͸ˣ
ӢߣӢסѧѧ顷
Сѧγ̲ѣϱӾͶ꼶һֻ¡СѧǿѧɵͲˣѧٶȱǰ˺ܶ࣬Ӣһʼǵ顣
ھһ߿飬һ߿Ӣıʼǣѧ
ʱúܿ죬գˡ
죬ˮˣˮǵرף̲һƬȫûˡ
˲£̲ϣһ·Գ壬Ȼʯ̲ĺӣͱȥѧУˡ
СĿԣϾҪˣ־º־ץʱ䣬Ӱӵĸϰѧ֪ʶ
·ݣǾ͵һѧȥϳУңǿȥƽһƬһС
һõĳУɼ˻ˣֵܿãǳѧУͱȥˣǹԹڹɡ
ֵܴСûֿȻҲһѧУΪ˵ʱ򲻱ֿǰѳԷʱ䣬óϰˣָһһС
־ԻãĳɼȽȶÿοԶǰǰ־ģڶϾͱ־ҪһˣҲǺܲǰʮλӣϵġ
ǹСѧǵĳɼڹǿɣɷŵЩ󹻿ԣʱ䣬ӣ־·ǸŬˡ
骺־ѳĹͣˡ
˱ŰϱһˣȻȥһ˽ʡռǱŪһʽбɽŪ˿أ˼Ҿ߳
ɽ߲ɽɽɽûпĵر࣬꣬Щ˼ˣѿʼŪأߴСӡԣҲѳ
ʵղ骺ѳڽʡģӣԽͨһҪ󣬽ʡȻǴУҪ˵ͨ棬ȴЩС
Ϊпл˶ɿڣʡ㡣
¿ļҾ߳ӴӴҪõֱӽϼҵΣȥԱǣ
ÿɸһļۣȥգӴҪж٣Ҿ߳Ե¡
νתͷ۰ëǮô
ëһʮӣҪһһһ춼ǣʮӣǾǰ˿Ǯһ졣ͷͳڻеϰĹʼҲİٿǮһ£㲻ţũ˽Ǯ˭Ը
һʱ䣬ʻƤʼǼˡ
ǰκܴƤǮһⶫȴǵһëǮ
ƤֵǮˣܴѧľСľҲʼлˣһǴĻΪǣҡڳⶫľ˻
ǣЩǣǮģͿʼܴҡڳˡ
ÿߵӣԼԺʱǣõȻڶ죬컹Ŷ÷һȥϣȥɽҾ߳
ڼҾ߳ɣҪǺܶ࣬ȵԺҾ߳סרṩģ»ûطӲУΪʱ򣬼Ҿ߳ҪһɽӾṩġ
µףСĿϿʼ
ӢΪ񻪺ͱͬѧһС׼ѽøвĸǿˡ
Ӣ񻪣ȥУ칫һˡ
Ӣ˦֣׼ؼˣ̤ңֹͰסˡ
ʦɶأӢתͷˮ۾ɻضֹ
ſڣֹһקסСӣһŽ̰Уе£ȹȥһ
ӢԣԹŶһŲһתͺȥУ칫ҡ
뱻ĽקţƤѧӢ˵ɤŶһ
ŶɶŶֹԼСؿۣһۡ
ɤӣرִɤѧֹУе£ȹȥһ
ֹ
СӣƤǰɡ
ֹһ̰žһ´˸ϡ
ִңҾǱɵˣŶġű۵ļ磬ԹŨŨؿֹ
ֹǣԼѧãˣҵǲûСӣһؼǰҪòҵҾ㣬ʱ֪ʲôıɵˡ
һᵽ㣬䲻˸ӲŲӵʦܳϢ㲻Լ̲ѧϱˡ
ֹС˼ʮСӸˣǺǣʦֹˣ
ˣȥȰҵˣͿԣҪǿãҾˡֹСӷϻˣſ·֣ѽ̰֨һУУ칫ȥ
У칫ŹٿؾڵϵСͰһЦ񻪣ӢЩѧУ
첻ż𣿡Ӣɻ
СĿԣѧУǸ㣬ʦǾҪŲΣ÷ѧУĴǹԣԣСѾմ˳иǵĹ⣬żˡ
żĩģһ죬ˣ׼ʱ䣬ѶλҪĵ⴫
żٵģͬѧ֪Լѧϰ𣿡¶СŹĴ㣬Щȷˡ
֪ӢܳʵĻص
ȷ֪
ֻ֪ԼҪѧĻ֪ʶˡ֪ʶ˽ޣԲԼڵĽȵ
ңҲϵͳѧģеġʷֿΣһϹȫ
ŹһЦûټӢת񻪣񻪣أԼѧϰ˽٣
񻪣СѧγѾѧˣеĲŽӴûá
ŹٵͷЦЦͬѧĿǰȣӦú͸߶ͬѧˣ̫СʦãȥЩǿԣʦһаˣǰȥжС
Ӣһ¡
С۾ԲˣУҲ꣬һûһȥ˳УҪлͻô죿
ҪŲҪȥʲôС
һȺİĸ㣬֪ҪôദԡǲҪȥˣ
Ӣ治ȥʲôУΪпα֪ʶԼѧֻҪʱ乻˵Ķ飬꼶һġ
Ҫ˼ԭӦǽȥСѧһ꼶ģǡһ飬ԲǰһѧУ
񻪽ֿ
ûԭ;񻪽İ飬ͬѧֻͬѧ
ºܶԺ棬Щȴ˵һ飬ʱ˵ºͶֻ񻪽
ԣǺ񻪽ǲһġ
ﲻһӢ˵
ᣬôô㡣ŹͷЩͷˡ
СѾͷ⣬ȷʵûпǹ
⻹⡣
ĳɼ˳бҲʱһȺʮĿһ߰꣬⣬⡭˵Ⱥ᲻߳ŭ۸ˡ
˾ˣǲҲҪȥУ񻪿Ź٣ͻȻʡ
þ˰Ӣһ𺰽У칫ң˵һȥһУأþ˶Ҳаš
Ź٣ţ񻪰ܴ˼ϣܶͶģҸΪӢѾѧСѧ֪ʶûҪټСѧˣֱУСѧ⼸ʱȥѧĶ
Ӣͷһ᣺Һ񻪽һȥ
Ź٣ӰŵġǸĸҲˣǵ˼ǿԸԸС
̫躢ˡ
ҼҳĹҴ˵һӢԸΪ
Ҳ˽˵µԭ
ҲҪȥ飬ӢʱͲųˣ񻪽ȥҾȥ
Ǿһȥɡ񻪿Ӣ
Ķ鶼һӢӲͬӢѾ¶ΪԼԺ·ԣԺҪ߿һ·ģõѧУѧϰҪ
ȻãصУײ˺ܶࡣ
һǺ͵Ŭˡ⣬ͬѧһ𿼣һУרŵʦǼ࿼
ȥһп⻹ĥͬѧ£ΪСȡĻᡣ
ͬѧһеĸУѧڷСѧϰȺ󣬾һֱĥλͬѧϣ֮ܿţӢ񻪽һж顣
ͬѧ˵ӡ󲻴˵ֻҪܿһУǾաһУõѧУ˳к͸СѧУĸѧرߣ߰굽ڣһеĸУвͬѧ˽ϺõĴѧ
һǱߣͬȥ̫СŪǡϾô㣬һûϣöԺϲô죿
ӢţллУѧУУ
Ź٣ֹʦȥǵһ㣬ɱ˳
񻪣ţǻЩġ
칫ŹٺС˵껰ֹͼŽ̰
̸ֹˣ
Źٿ̸ˣǵ׼֤ȥסһֱӴȥһУʱȥУ칫Ҿͳɡ
ֹɣ֪ˡӢ񻪣ǻȥúϢѧУʦͳɡ
ʦŶӢ˵ŻȻһһ칫ߣҲ뿪ˡ
ֹСǻĲӣüĶʱ˳УӢӣʺȥ𣿡
ֱȥеģϾʱҲʮˣСӦܺʹһЩĺദˣڡ
е㷺СѧУһ۸ô죿
ֹǲô񻪣һ꣬ҲǿˣСرȣСǸ֪˷Ķ١
Ź٣ж츳۲ܵǣ԰ɣҪڳжϰߣͳɡ
ΧӢ̸һ£Ȼ͸ȥæˡ
ɫӢһصҾ͸̣˵Ҫʦ￼Ե¡
ܹ𲻴ЩŶŶһûˡ־ֵõĻеز
ӢӣҪȥһпʲôԣ־԰鵽ϣɻʡ
ӢаУҺ񻪽ˣ˵񻪽ȥСҪǲ⣬Һ񻪽һУ磬磬ǲҲҪһ𣬲ʱǻһŶ
־ľ
ǣӢӲ
ôҪȥˣһǶһС
һԣ־³˵Ҫһãٸѹɽ۾ͻһæһԵ飬ʼ濴
飬顣
ʱÿȥˣȴûϡ
Ҫ磬û취ˡ
Ӣ֪ɶƳۿʼĸ磬˦С첲˷䣬ȻʼʰԼĶ
Ҫȥ￼ԣǵȿԣʱشˣȥ鷳Ҫѵ⴫ٻ
񻪽ûס徲ȿˣ񻪽˵˵ʵ顭
ԣôš
Ҫȥʵ飬ӢҪʰĶɾͶˡ
飬ѧ߰˰ˣӢǸԼʰ¨һĶ
ôණӢеˣգգۣȥ־ֵܵķ䣬Ѷȥϡ
־ֵʱţϰһ飬õҪҲûܾ붼û͵ͷӦ
ȵڶϣӢʱֵܿ¨飬Сøˡ
֪ϲ飬ȴ֪þȻô顣
иõķգԶᶮġ
һ磬緹ӢͱСȥﺰ񻪣׼һȥѧУˡ
Ϊʱ䣬СߵıȽʮ˲ߵϡ־º־Ű鱳ֹң˵ֹȻϳʱæϳ
ǡǸϼգر࣬ȥûʱ䣬Ӣ񻪸ֹ˵һ˱ȥϴˡ
ڽ˸ɽǺ«ӢǺ«·ߵʯͷϺ˵
˵˵ţͼԶиӰݵŮˣһˣ֪˵ʲô
ŮˣӢС۾һУԴһȻһվ񻪽㣬ҿˣȥк
񻪹Դһ£ûƵӢ˵ˣʣ˭
Ӣһİ̡
˵ţӢСһǱںͱ˵Ů˿˹ȥ
Ů˲Ǹʻˣŵл·Ϊ̫࣬ʵˣ˺һûŪʲô
Ůûʵ·ʧ䡣
̡ܰӢıǰСһ̧Цеؿ˼ҡ
Ӣãǰ·ŮˣȻֻһΣһϼģס
ԣǰټɻϵá
λ򶫸İ̻ˣزǱߣѾˣǲ֪ӣûаȺڰĻȫס
ǣź̵ܰСɻ
ӢӣܰҼסһġӢЦе
㣬ЩȷʣˮŮ
Ӣӡ
æǰæһȺˮСͽӢӣʱﴧ£ûôעģԣǵǸŮʲôӡ
Ӣͷ̣ܰʲô·ҪȥģҰʡ
ӢĻһ£ȥңһ̡
ȥ̰ӢգգۣԴһתܰ߰ɣҵȻҪȥû취ؼңϼ۹ö˶ڼϣҸȥ
鷳Ӣˡ
鷳鷳
ӢһЦͷ񻪵񻪽㣬ȥˣܰȥҼҡ
񻪣ȥгǱ߰ɣÿгͰ
ӢͷȻһгȥ
ڻõСŮһ˫ɣ۾͸ǳǳЦ⡣
ϵ½ˣǺ˺ͶӵĻˣѾȫץˡ˺ͶӵԸСҲٵģΪѾѧУЩµǸѰһѰˡ
λʧŮȥȷһ£ǸĵطǲѰļҡ
Щӡ
ôȥʵԼû룬ܹʱﻹЩ
ֲŴñԽƲס
ԣֻˡ
ӢгǶҵܱܱȻشʱ򣬰Ҳȥһ£Ȼͻӻˡͣ·ߵ쿪ˣСȥֹϣȻʦһ˳ǡ
˼ҺڳﶼзӣһУֹǺûȥдסǴӣֱסҡ
骽æúܣסںƽ·ʱ䲻࣬һ쵽ڱɽļҾ߳
Ҳũ庢Ӷǿ߰ģ඼ԼչԼӢڼﲻզɻģҲ󷹡
ңӢȰԼĶãȻֹȥ˺ƽ·гЩˣ׼ϳԡȥ˳˹Ļ
ʱ֣骻ˡ
󣬺ֹ˼䣬˳Ӣߵ߸˳񻪺ֹûڳ͵͵˵ˣȥˡ
һʼû˭Ӣ˵򶫻͵Ƕĸеĸ׺ﷺɻ
ǲ뱻͵ݣô뿪ֻˣȥš


74 
,骲ɵϾЩ⡣
һҲû,磬ȴȥܹԭ
Ӣӣúÿ,ֻ󷹣ȥһˡ벻ԭ骾Իȥ
ȥܰ𣿡Ӣϴɾ,骰⡣
һ
Ӣ,̻ܰ,Ǳߵ£ǲǳ˰򶫸ô,ûܵ
骣ˣǾ֤Ǳߵ½ˡ
³죬հ͵ĸӾͱ˽,ܱ綼,õ
ĸӦúҪ,Ҫһ,Ϳܶҡĳ̶ȡ
ôĸӣûס֮ǰ,϶ߡһУǾ϶ѾѸôĶˡ
ȷĸӾ뿪ҲûʲôΣˡ
,Ǻôһ,ôͲ֪ءӢеСʧ䡣
һЦŶ,֪ˣ㵱жá֪ܲñ֪Ҳȥ档
Ӣ棬棬ں̸ܰɶ
骣ȽˣԼȥ̲ͳˡ
Ӣʱش첻Ҫȥ𣬵ˣҾͳɡ
ɣŪˣ㡣骿һĹŮЦҡҡͷ
ˣСŮϲԵӣŤˡ
ˣɡ
СðⱲӣΨһͨͬİˣǿиĨûˣ»Ͳ
Ӣڳ˵˻ʱҲԼҵСӹˡ
ǳڼڹܡ˺źɻܳӣñӳհǻ䲻棬ûϸҪ˵Щ͵ϣڵñǱǰ˺ܶࡣ
һ˰ʮñӡ
񻪿òɡ
޹زɷԲ飬ĵطϷãǣһ˺ͶµĹ涨
ÿ±׹ʮǮãÿÿ±ɳ涨ҵһʮñӡ
һʮñӣȫϸһʮñӣëǮһǡ
˼ñӺϸһͶõʮ飬⣬һʮñӺ󣬹˻ܶǶñӣëǮһ
ڿһģһٶõʮǮ
ͬ涨һʮñûϸ񣬾ûǮãжٲϸģͶٲۡ
Ϊ⣬񻪻רһƺһƷˡ
˺źɻżһˣԶһ㣬Ҫģڴձ֯õա
ʵñ㻨ٶ࣬Ҳչˣ׼滮һ³ӣҪո˵Ĳññһ飬ҲҪֿʼˡ
ȵںվ˽ţͻƵȥעһҷװ˾
غشǸĸ￪ŷչĳУǱҪξͻһֳǱ߷չߺáϾعҵУṤҵһֱʮжûг͡
񻪽㣬ˣϴֳԷŶӢ񻪻Цеغˡ
һ骴кȻ͸Լһϴ׼Է
ϵķܷḻϾʦԵķһ㣬һ軬һƹϡ
ԷӢʰӣϴɨأֹڱɽҾ߳ûл
ǰʱ䣬ҵļҾ߳ӵһʡĶ˱Ӵ֮⣬ιӡͦģǱڼӰӵĸϹ
ӢԼҰӲǺϤڣͳȥΣϴ˵ʵһ˽̳ڴ
ԼҼҾ߳ӵĵǴǰϰǸתġ
ҪӵǱӴͺľɳ
ΪҼҾ߳ľǱӴںľɳΪ޼˽̳ǶҪߣ˵Ҫպõʦ
УõľɽҾֻ߳ܰѺľɳĶ
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񻪺ӢʰóһݣȻÿ鿴飬˵ˣȻ˵񻪡
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ҿˣƻɣȥʳøӡӢͷӳƻһӢһ񻪣ȻԼǮȥ˳ֳʳá
ǰŸճţ־վͻˡ
ףӢӣʲôʱġ־հϵŵűߣ·˰ϵĺȻһƨӢߡ
չģ־ո磬쿼Կôаտһ𣿡Ӣҧ˿ƻȻʡ
־Ҳ֪ѧЩʲôСԣԴһһжӣ˭һУôῼϡ
ӢС۾һ˵ŶǾͺáҾ͵㿼ϣȻͲܺһѧУˡ
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־գգۣɶ񻪶һУȵȣһֻгк͸УСѧûҵȥɶ
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УһܲˣǶͶˡ
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ȥʳ±ӣʮӺͻˣһĻ־ɡ
־Ѿڳֳ˿İ࣬ʱʮ꣬ȥʮˡǺĥˣǰڴ־ɾһкڣȴúܳȡ
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Ӣһ仰ûУͽ˳Ĵø磬ɻ
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Ӣɻ󣺡զˣɶ
һԣ־ĹĵغһɶЩе÷ŵţ飬ϹŪ¡
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˵⣬־վҪ
ϰʦˣ־ɸȥʱ·Ѿ£иҹŮϲӲ̫ԶˣܳͶ㵽̻ȥȴ־ɸ統С͵ˡ
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⻰Ŵţ־ɸŮ˿ӵåˡ
Ůˣһ־ɸͷ׷ܿ·ˣҪ־ɸˣåƵġ
ңϵ£Ҳ֪ôģԽԽᣬһ˴־ɸ˭ҹŮ۸ˣһ˴־ɸ类˭׽ڴˣŪˣ־ɸ񶼹ֵֹġ
ƫ̫࣬һͶͲ
Ϊԣ־ɸȥϴµ쵼쵼ҲǸϡģ˵˵һ£־ɸֲ⣬˵ʲôŮȻŮģҪǱ֪ˣô˰
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־úܣԹŨŨذǰ췢£Сá
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ﻻ쵼ӣи쵼λ󣬾ŲŲλӣԼŵù˸Ųȥⲻǳ¼ߣʼˡ
Ҳ岻ãû߶ȻǴӸȥĳŲôƫҵ⡣
ûɶģ˵ɡ־ɴӳﹻԴ
Ӣͷ־ɣ־ɸ磬ԩģ˵
ǲȻôţһ٣Ųһٴȥųֻᴫɱˡ־ɿЦ
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һС£ɶ־ӢĻΪӢȥ״ء
Էɣȳ극ˣǻȥ־ɺЦҡͷ
ί͸״ȻǸСӡ
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ѾҪˣ־ɺг񻪺Ӣͻ˺ƽ֡
ƽңվԺſڣԴĴӢûöȥˣŵģ˻ȥ
ȥˣô綼˵һһṶ̊
Ӣгȥģȥʱ򣬰ְû
־ɣᣬǳԷû
־ɣ壬ǳԹˣҺʹȻȥˡ
ͷɣȥɡ
ĿֶֶŮ뿪ͷְ˵һӢȻݣʣķһ£һ¶ӡ
˵ܻ骣ȴǵڶû
ա
Ӣ𴲣˵һһ춼˼Һ󣬾ͳš
񻪼Ҿб棬ҿúܽһ˼ңӢ͸˵񻪽㣬Ҫʼɻˣʱе㳤ûݣҷ뷹ſھͳɣҰҪң˵һ£˵ҽ˯
񻪿һӢüʣ𣿡
ӢҲǶѣǲܴš
񻪣֪ˡ
Ӣһ͸Ҫսսʿһװ˵ĺӣͽӣһͿʼæµ
ԼС߶Ȱϵİ뵼嵼ȡȻ뵼Ĳںһ£塣
壬λĺĶ
һɣӢͳģһ뵼ϣһ÷Ŵ󾵣һš룬ʴ˵·
ʴ·һΪӵĹһСģ·ͻ
Ӣֻ壬ûжĻ
ԣɹ
Ҫûɹֵûʱ׼ˡ
ǰϵͳʴ·ĻʲΨһҪĵģצצܶһʧܡ
Ӣģ˵һ㣬оƬһֶ̳оƬ
СоƬԹֱ̻ӰѾ̵ܿоƬϣоƬõġӢֶԵѸֵԪ̵ϡЩԪеŶλʹ湤ܡ
Ҫ뵼оƬҪСþͳɡ
ʴ磬һȥӢһƬֻʮ֮һмӢ˳ԣҪǿڿˣȥˮȣǵöһ졣
ⶫҪԵרע̫ķˣӢһ죬ԴЩˡ
ԼҪϢˡ
Ӣ·Ŵ󾵣ѵ̽װãȻŤŤЩĲӣתСȣ̵س˷䡣
ţԺգ˼۾۾Ӧ۾
ⶨλֱҪͳ
̫ˡ
Ӣӣˣô
̫ѾɽԺӢųæϲʡ
磬ûʮ죬ӢСĵߡ
߹Լˡ
ԭΪܰѶλã֣ʱ䣬һ붼ˡ
ŲŲţøӢȸȷ磺Ϣһڵʱ䣬
񻪽㣬гԵҶӢСƨһ̧ϣСһͰ͵ҪԵġ
񻪰ϵԱһţУҸ˷Ȼȥˡ
ӢСԴ͵㣺ţлл񻪽㡣
һЦȥѸӢķ˵ԺӢԡ
ӢҲû񻪿Ӿͳ񻪽㣬𣿡
񻪣ûأҸȥǱߣ˵û
֣費˵ϾܻôشˣûӢͷЩɻ
񻪣ũæˣڼҰ̸ɻɡ
Ӣգգۣ񻪽˵е
극񻪰ãԺӢһ죬ͽݿ飬ӢС޿˴Сʱˮϴ˴
գӢѹ˵㶫ԼĶλȥñӳĻƺϣһȥɽе
ñӳһֱǿ˹ϣЧʵЩ͡
ںǽӵʶʶһǲñӣñӣѾٿ˹߷ˡ
׼ȥеܲܶһ̤һ
ϵĽ̤һ۸һңԼǮȹʮ̨Ȼʼӹñӡ
ñӵĿʽѾƳˣһǿñӣҲһǧȱţȻ취۵ȥ
ɽеҲһ󣬶Ƿŵǰٻ̵ġ
óƳ棬ͻеּۻۣһһʮ˵ļ۸һʮ̨
ֻҪʮ̨еԱ˵Ҫܰʣµʮ̨ȫˣǳܰѼ۸Żݵһһʮˣ룬ɴȫˡ
ҲǱʴסеרɳȥ˳
ʮ̨÷һ볧ӣЩֹĹ˶ʱͽ
˭ҲɵӣеЧʿ϶ǱֹҪ죬һһǾҪûˣ
Ҳû˵ˣֱ˵ʮ̨ӣڰ֮ڣѧô÷һǾͿ£ѧģԺֻģʲôġ
ӿԴؼȥɣֻенƼ㣬ٵö١
ûˣظ˵£ǿ϶ѧôȷһ
񻪰ѷһŪһ÷һʦ̴ңȻתͷɫԼԺİס
ñӳܲ¶ҪɣͱϾ̫СȻѹסЩԱʱˣȴǲɣøԼҸܹܳӵˡ
˵ﵹкʵѡǱƹֵ¡
ƷԱô꣬ҴүϵرãûгҴ󲮲ʱʱϡ
ʵһʺˡ
ֻڲŰһ꣬ػû·ţɻǼƷԱھȥ֪ܲö
ҪҪСӣһߣԼڷ߰ӢڰѶλؼĹ弯ɵ·Ūˡ
һӢ㿪ʼװ
װͱȽϼˣ˼СʱӢƵĶλŪˡ
ⶨλγţɽǶλҪ󣬵󣬹ЧȴǸλҪá
ΪλװһܣһʮĺڰĻ
һ̨˵ĵӻġ
һװȥⶨλʱ͸ߴˣΪĻϾм־ԵĽʾˡ
ѧְߣɽɽɽǿеĳĻϡΪЩλһװãֱӳ˵λ
ΨһӢģĻϵͼ壬ʵкܴңû


76 
λ,Ͼ͵ǵŪģͼ񲢲ȴԳһЩʵ־ԵĽ
޵,ôܶλĶѾ㹻˾ˡ
Ҳͻⶨλûⶫ,һԾ硣
Ϊⶫ;ɲֻλô,Ҫ΢ٸһ,ȫõϵġ
Ӣʳ¯Ķλһ,Ȼһ¶λһ
λϵźŵƣӯӯ,Ȼʼת
ŴתʮʾĻϣеĵͼҲʼСʮӺ,ʾӫ,ͼһİĵͼ
Ӣ֪ʡĵͼ,ݲ졣ֻ֪,ӫĻĵ㣬ڵ,λãǡʡĸء
ݵͼӢں۾һ,ߵСС
ͷ,ĳ˳λ,ȻһתʺһŸɾֽʼддæ
ӢǶλĵ裬ݣеͼ
ΪԶʱûκεͣٻ˼ƾԼǿļ䣬ǰѶλõмɵ·ͼ˳ȥ
ʱ΢΢˵·ͼľ룬ѶʱЩĿ˳ĵطڴһ飬Ȼ󻭵ͼֽϡ
΢ļɵ·ΪܣܸõĴݡ
Ӣæر֡
ڻͼֽʱԴﶼ룬ԺͨˣһҪһռսһϵͳ
ȻĿǰҲ롣
Եγɣ֣漰ܶͿƼ֪ô죬ƾһˣҲ첻
⣬ͷддСŮü両˿˿ǡ
ߣһ·Ȼָָڡ
骼״΢΢ͷһȥ˸ڵķ䡣
񻪣ӢѾֺЩˣûи˵ʲôʱܰⶨλã骳ʡ
ǰһ˵Ӣӿʼλˡ
пֹŮھ۾ûд˭֪һͷʳôá
ʱŮæ˳ԣֻǶˣǿ˵ʱǼţŻһ¡ɾˣСŮҲûгֻǶ˶˷ˮ
ϢϢǼ
骿ȫԼʵеСŮĲ֪
ӢǳʱôȥҪ˼죬ͻϿ塣
ֲֹΪӢӺϲɵһУͼֽʱüͷ΢ŵģһͺܿġ
񻪵ӦÿˣҸղŴӴ촦λѾˣӦֻܽᡣ
ʵﵣĵúܣҲû룬ӢλȻԼ桭
ֵĵڶ죬ͲӢЩԾѷһ󣬾Ͱѳȫ˻ƣ뿪ˡ
һֱԺӢ̻ͷһ죬Ӣӳ˷ʱǿдȥһȦ˭֪СѾͷһĶλȥﻹһֱ
˵ʱתע˵һСʱӢӾͻ䡭
ûޣֻܰ˴ȥŪ
̣ӢɣԺúԼ£ԣһ͵óԣöʱɢ˯Ȼһɶɾˡ˵ֵ꣬
骣ţȷʵø滮һʱ䣬Ҳû뵽
񻪵ͷҿˣȻ϶жȥŪԵġ
骣ȥɡ
һһСôչˣԱӣһź񻪽㣬񻪽㣬Ҷλˣһ¡
£ڷӢ𻭺õļɵ·ͼƵĴ˵ش򿪷ţԺﱼ
ܳԺӵС߰ǰϻԲģһλȴϵⶼûˡ
ŲһƮˣƫԼûоΪɹԼĶˮĴ۾øϵһ
ҲӢ⹫ڼҹ򣬲Ȼ߰찾Ҫ
ڻܣѾǺõˡ
ݣСŮһͳӣȻһѽӢ§
Ӣӣû°ɣ𣿡骴һȦĹŮ۵òɡ
ۣ裬ˣһ䣬ܿ裬ӢˣСԴһ飬ļϣǵع˹
üˣӢӣʲô󡣡ѹסɬʡ
Ůһչ¶츳ʱףӢԺ·Ȼɡ
ʱ룬Ҫһͯ꣬Ȼȵٷ֣ȥ·
骳ļͥעȱ֪Ķࡣ
ҲԱļȴۿġ
СʱˣΪ˹ҷչһҹͷĿвΪһоʮ겻ؼңʧ˿ڴ岮
Ůѡ·⵱ֵֽġ
ֹ
ֹҪԼŬ֧Ůİá
ˣһ¡⴫ﵽߣ¼㶫ӢöСһ죬ϵĴ骡
ɣھȥӢͷȻӢ˵Ĵгš
һߣӢں۾һæ񻪣񻪽㣬񻪽㣬죬죬ǻͼ
ȣˡ񻪲֪ӢҪʲôͼӦһ͸Ӣ˷䡣
һȥ˵λﴫ˵εε
λĻУһɫĹ⿪ʼСƶӢ۵ָ֣Ļõ񻪽㣬ˣˣˡ
񻪽㣬λãֻҪŴ̨ӣܶλ׷ٵ衣Ӣ˵ţʣʼ߹ĵط
񻪵ӢһñʾûûˣһͻһѶϵֽʣæǣϢһ
ţ񻪽ǡ
ӢûСʣԱߣСһֱ߶߶߶·м䣬иٻ̵꣬ͣˣ϶ǽٻ̵ˣ񻪽㣬
ۣȥˣɽӦɽ̲Ƕ㣬ǡ
ҮߣҪȥɽɡ
ӢʾӫÿӫϵĹͣһ£ͷŵͼ˵һ
һ߶߶߶߶˺þãֱӫϵص˺ƽһƬӢЪصλˣ񻪽㣬ȥ迪š
˵ţСѾͷ˵һһȥԺӡ
ǱıСӣ񻪶ЩȷʳԼڷ߰ĵǲ
񻪷±ʺֽ͸һĵġ
Ӣ̫ɫ룬ƾѧһ̨λ̫ˣƫûɳ
һ̨λѾĴԺ϶и˵ĶŪһ죬ı£Щ˼ϲ˷֣ӢӡΣա
뵽۵͸ŨŨġ
£ͷһ̲С
ԺӢվߣ۾С骸ղŶȥЩط
骰ѴӢѸղȥĵطһһ˵Ӣ
ӢСظһͦĶλɹˣ骵֣ȥĶλ
ʱӢ骺񻪼򵥵ؽһ̨λĹܡ
һ̸Լרҵ֪ʶӢƴСϣʱʮ㡣
λϵͳ߰ǵڵͼģŲޣӫϵĵͼʾܻÿֵ⵼λϵͳôϴʹáõϣǿ˾ʦͲ·
ֻõ𣿡ӢĽ˵ʡ
ӢСԴҡܶණõģɻҲ԰ɻҪŸֶλɶ·ٺһǶλװϣʱŶλԶ̾׼Ŀꡣ
׶λϵͳܣҪǸ׼ĶλҪϵͳ
ϵͳĻҪˣⷽͲŪģṩܣǿŪŪ
һ̨λˣ治λ죬Ӧûôˡ
Ӣ¡˵ģ⣬骺һӢĻ۾ʱ˾㵡

ⶨλõϣ
úѹס񣬵Ӣӣ׶λȽһ𣿡
裬ҪλɶӢɻͷ骡
׶λʱ񻪽к˵ɹ˾øȥˣͳͳͻǮϣĶ
ͳͳŲ̄Ӽš
ӼӽϱΪϵͳĴڣԺĶԼ㣬϶㲻ģŪһӼݡ
ͷӼܶ൥λûУϸûҪŪⶫǮɣ·
ȥүү۾
ϴҲоλӢλĲ֪С˵ľ׼㹻ӡ
ֶȥӣòӿٴ
ŶȥɡӢŶһͷѶȥǰ׷һ䣺裬үү˺ǵøûһָⶨλǮӼ
һⶨλװһ
˵˶λ񻪴ӢȥһԼңߣӿʼ
Ů⼸찾̫òһ²ųɣȻؼҺһأù
Ӣ⼸ҲԼˡһϣſʼܡϴγţ뾡취ûʻΡ˵Ҳ񻪴Сһֱ߶߶߶ȥĵط˵˳
ȥٻ̵ǺСɣкƽֽβ±㣬ţ㽶⡣
㽶ǽеı⣬رóԣСͷһǻͳ㽶ζ
ֱһȥ갮ԵϱͱӢ׵Ժ棬ÿζֻ㽶⡣
ԼԵĶˣӢı׼ؼȥˡڻؼҵ·ϣ񻪼·иһǮӢӡ
صң骷ѾãӢϲŹǡ
ӢСʳŵϣ±㿳һ£Ȼϴɾ֣СӣЦеϡ
骾ʹװλĴӣﳵȥԺȥˡӢʳϴ˴
Ӣ˯ر㣬ζûС࣬һ˯˵ڶϾŵ
ͷϵˣӢڳ˼졣ȥһ˱ɽ԰ȥֳһ죬Ȼ֪־СĲĿ⣬ӦһСӳֳһӶ̷ۣȥٷȻȥٻ̵һ̨ȣʰС¨׼ˡ
ȵǮλ轱ġһ˽ǣѾаˣ̿϶˵Ϊ̫ûȥѷȻȥ̣һܸˡ
ǲá
ٹ£͵õˣ̵˼ǡ̲ԸסʱҪ˿զŶ
СѾͷп
ڻشǰһ죬ӢԼСǮϣ񻪣»һ죬Լѡ˺Щ飬Ȼͱ͵ȣ塣
һ˻ȥģ٣ĳӹ滮һ£ûл죬Ѷλѿ󣬾ʱ˳Ʊ𳵻ؽʡȥˡ
ߵʱҲûӢ˵ɶֻӢĶλٽ졣
ӢûԥͰѶλ衣
ǰߣӢ͵͵˵϶ȥʡλȥˡ
뿪ǰȻûɶ飬ǿˡ
񻪿һִСܵСѾͷֱ˵ɲһġ
̻߶ļˣˣԺҪĲ϶ҪԼռԶˡ
ʢģȡ
ĵѷ˽ƣӢص壬ѿ磬ϸɻΪ̫̫˹ڻƽྣ̲Ƕѳ
ϣҵøԹŶӢӣզݳˣû㷹𣿡ƽ£һЬףһߺ˵𾢵Ǯϱһ̧ƤӣͿ˴￲ʯ·߹Ӣ
ۿˣǮϱʱ;ˡ
Ӳ˵ӢӽȥôԻԼһȦ
Ҳ̫ˣʮ죬զͰѺӸˣ
ӢȷʵǱ뿪ǰ˺öࡣ
뿪ǰ˵֣ǺеģͷСֻҪ΢һݾرԣⲻǮϱſһۣסˡ
һˣڸءӢǮϱ̧ͷЦеغһȻ˫ȣƽȥ
ǮϱϵЬʯͷһ飬æȥӢ󱳵С¨
ӢС¨װһȺͺܶ飬ⶫ𿴲ôȴصģǮϱס¨ֿһ£³˳
ӢӣⶼɶôôأǮϱˣһͷ۾¨ɨȥ
һɨȥͿķȻ顣
Ӣһ¨ôණǮϱҲ˲÷ϡ涫ˣ۾ͻȻһɣɤţҼҷ򺰣ӣˣӢӱˣϽӢӶݳƤˡ
Ǯϱһߺһ۵Ҫ
úõһŮʮ죬ôͱ̣ˡ
ҪӢӣֱ˵ǣӢӡ
߸˱Ӣ
ǣְɶʱͳͳˣ
ɶӢӣ
ҼңŶ÷ҪЩ㣬׼ĽȥܹǮϱĻӣͼԺ˳
ճͳǮϱߣ˺öСŮ
ܹˣϵ̳Ӷûס
۾һɣԿǵӢӲŽס˼찡ôͰˡ
ܹһۣСܵƽߣǮϱһһ§סӢӢӣ˵ֺ裬ǲû㷹ˣǶڸɶأզݳء
Ӣ±ơ
߽ô䵽̺ͶݳƤˡ
Ӣգգۣòԩְ衣
Сһţæְ̣ûжңҳԵÿɺˣ춼мԣг⣬軹СŹǸҡţϣְֻˣûҡ
ְϲˣûǰҪɶ
ܹ𣺡զݳ
Ӣգգۣ֪ˡ
ܸ̣զݵģȻҪˡ
ǶгɣȣӣӢӶ߰ˣи𣿡
ũСӲע־ˮÿСӵһͶжʹһʹǶл׳ˣʱ򣬾ͻȥ㱦ǻӳԡ
Сڼ䣬ԵģǳԲã˯ãݡ
ǮϱͻȻ˵Ӣͻɣǲгˡ
ܹһ㣺ûӢûʹ
Ǯϱܹ𣺡˰
ҲԣϳҵȥŪ㱦ǻԡ
ܹ龪һˣһתӢôڳסôãУզһ˻ˣôûء
ӢԹɵģɶʹɶ骻ؽʡܹ⹫û϶ǻȥ⹫ˡ
ղ⼸٣ס£һǽ־º־ϰ䣬Ӣ
ɽ괺߹ģԣپûٹ
̣̣ˣҸ㱳˰ѷȻۿؼңѷȲԡ˵һӢ̵·ؼˡ
ȣƽȻɹţɢû
ϣˣ⣬öǮ
ⶫϹҲˣúܹһ˶᲻ⶫϡ⣬ܹһ˵ҾͰѻת˷ϡ
Ӣǳʵޣһʼֱۣ˵ˣһٶ顣
ô󡭡ܹеˡ
ɶأǼ骳Ϣһѷѵ𡣡
ɲǣ󸣻ںͷأӶϱϢҲϢϴ˵º־ԿһУҪˡ
԰Ļ飬ӢӾ͸˵ˣȥ˵ӢӺҹŮϳˡ
˵ӢУĽòСһھˮޣզôء
ܶͷ»϶꼶Ůȴֱܽˡ
˼꣬ӢǺСʱһϲ˿Цеģرˡ
ڻƽһܹȥǶװһƣȻӢ̲Ǳߡ
־º־ԽûڼңȥǶæȥˡɽǰͷ˽ţũæ²˵ءҪˣũæȻǸɲ˻
ػû·ţɽߣɻǰһԼΪλġũæڼĹߣҪǴˣʳҪٷһ㡣Ůٷʳܹɴӽȥƽׯǰùú͹ү֡
磬˿£ҲҪʼˣӢĸոպá
ӢӣԷˣһȥżҡ
صңܹǮϱϡƵģŪһȣȻʢϡӢϽԡ
ܹ֪ӢҪûŪˣݲ̳ץϡģɼӢݳˣ𣬸䷹
ӢŶһϸ߸ߵİ˷
緹ܹûϢӢĲñѴҼװС¨ȻʮʹӢɽȥ
̣û𣿡Ӣ̰㶼ű¨ˣͷʡ
ˣ˳ԣҸ͵ȥܹϱ¨̾ǰһˣôɣ̻ˡſô꣬òһٿˣҸ͵ԵĹȥ
Ӣһ㣺̣
ʣżҵıһˣôһģ
ͽǰ£զʹô£
̳ɶǴĶϢģ
ȣ֪̻ˣͲڳôˡ
ܹžȵŮ˵ȥû˵
Ӣû
öλڶ죬ȥʡˣɶҲû˵Īϴλش壬ûʱϻسΪ£
˵£ֲ骡
ϴθϻ壬һ͸źʧɢŮͷʹޣΪ⣬ڴﵢ죬ٻسǣӢѾţλˡ
Ӣöλӣ񣬶λȥĻֶһݵ°
ǿ죬̾ͻˣϵԵݰ˭Ҳ˵ģԼҵģߵپãҲġ̾ۼסһ
̣Ӣˡ
ȫû뵽ŵŪǸŮ
ܹͷһ꣺԰ϣƳӣ;ãˡߵʱһʹһ£ûϣû뵽˰һˡ
Ӣ
Եݣôء
񣬻͵ľȻ̡
תתݣ̫ˡ
뵽⣬Ӣжˡûͱ̵Ǳ磬Ҫɱˣ¾Զزˡ
̣ǿߣȥ̡Ӣ񣬴ߴ̿Щȥɽ
˹ӣһ·˵Żȥ˻ɽӡ
һ㣬̫ǺܶɽһȺ֪ɶȵСӣ棬㵽¡
߹ӣɽŴǶŶԺķǰ
յͿһˣڰţ޳ȥŮóȥˮⶼ˼ʮˣһռӣûģңӳ
ͷũձ鳤þݣܳһģƫվڰˣǳ⡣
ﺰĸҲǱˣһŮ
ԭиң֮Ի֣ǵ걻ʱֻǵ֣ڻˣͻָԼԭ
ϾĸŮͬһ֣˵Щ
Ͻ˲ǱˣǱϣȢϱıӦӡ
ʵҲ˵ȢϱСʱ򣬾Ͳ֪ɶȫ̸ˣһֱ;Ǹɨǣ
Сûɫ
ҪȻҲϷּҡ
ʲô£Ϊռǲռӣռķⷿӣ꽨ģӵģ㡭û¹ɶ
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Į·Ǹİ㡣
ƫҲôƫģҲӣԺɽңˤӵңӹҪȢϱˣⷿӣģһˣƾɶռⷿӣӦӸ󴸣۾һģŭ
ŭϰݿܹŭ
󴸣յıӦҽҽ˴򲻶㣬ﻹö
ܹһ߹㣬±¨Ҳû룬˳ִӰϵĲһľӣһͳȥ
㵱ܼûˣôţǿĵطҽġ
ɽˤӣӦҽŲϡǸƨӣʮˣ̷֪ӵĴſĸʮ궼ӰȴҪˣ
ܹһŹϴһߴ
Ҳ͸Լһ£ܹϵܼϾȴһ㶼š
ȫּǻҺܼҺʰ
ܹһ⣬ȴǲһ֡Ϊ֪ҪǻˣȺģٷְپͻ
ϣϣܵģƾɶϸҵġ󴸱ͷܣȴǿش
ܹ𣺡ƾɶƾղźҽ㣬һܹܡ
ӣˣɶȣݰɡżܹòᣬæһ
۾һת䵽ϣ󴸣ͱˣӲҪⷿӣҰһѻˣҲ㣬ˣɣԺӵۣͣһһ죬Ǽˣɶ¶óġ
ŵĻҲ֪˸һ㣬۾һ죬ʣһǲˣ
ǣҾҲǿ˵գת˸ĮıӰ
˵ĸɶҲû˵һת
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77 
ܹһ㶼,ͺ޲ʱ䵹˼ʮ꣬ǻ,ͰͰ
㣬Ҹ˵,ӳԡܹݣѱ¨鵽ϣĨ˰ϵĺˮ
ţ⻹,õ㱳
,ҵҵ,ӳԵġӰʡ,ͷˣٸܹһۣģЦǺǵؿŸҡ
ھǱ˴,ʱ˵,,ƤҲȰǰ˺ܶ,߳ɥۣ֮鿴ȵʻ˺ܶࡣ
ЦЦС,ҹҪˣˡ
ܹһ㣺Ҫˣ
ȻҪ,紨һ,Ҵ̫á˵Ż,ȥӢˮ
˵紨ǸҵĶӡ
ҳǰ紨Ѿڶ°ˣ£ͣ˿ΣȻŸһ
һ·˲ٿࡣ
ھǱˣĪ־׳飬ͰŽѧУӸ߶°ѧڼ飬ٹ£Ҫ̤ˡ
ӣʣһȻϣĺгϢܹؼûȥţϣϴѧء
λֻ뿴ʲôģĸǷ񻹽ڣûѪˡһʼûڸʻá
Ŷиءܹ˸Цеˡ
ҪˣϽôŶ
ǰΪûˣϧ뱲ӣûɶǣң񣬻񵽲ˣ˻ˣȴҪˡ
һ߰ɣǸ벻ߵģˣ϶֡ҷˣ
ϱ߾Ǳǻزȥˡ
κͶƴϢͳҲ˹ݾǶⰲ˹һҵλڣǸ룬׷ӣң˺ʹӵοʲҲ
йǮСӵûɶģ̫̫Ҳ
ңദһʱ䣬ˣһǸġ
ˣˣԼȥͳɣڻҾͺáºͣɶɫ
ˮӢȴŻ۵׵
ȻҲǲԸͱ̷ֿġ
ѾʮˣһߣԺ»ľֻзڣŻһˣ̵Ļ˵ͣǼһ棬һ档
ûοɼˡ
Ӣж£֪˵ɶ
ţǲҪ㷿ӣӢ鵽ϣе㲻ϲգСһţѻתˡ
ţɲþָˣⷿӣӺȢϱҿɲ⣬ⷿϵһһľûɶϵˣ㺰ǹݸ˰ɣݣʹǮ޵ġ
ͶԼǱӦģ𸶴ʱϲһ˿˵͸˵һ
ܹ𣺡ƣ϶ơ󴸣һһѻ˷ӡ
ŵ˵ͷ߽ѵܹ𿴹С˳
ͬʱóģһľϻӡ
ӣСҲˣⱲӿǷӣСҪӡüֵܣ˶ǡ
˵žͰСҡ
ȴһס֣ӣƸһӣҪǾˣ㡣ţġ
۾һ죬ֶʱͣ˰ա
ĸҵ֣ޣ۵øˣһҿѾүĶˡү˵ģøˡ
˵˵ŮѧУˣǲһ̫̫⻰ܹ˵϶һ˼ˡ
߰ɣ㣬ⱲӣɶҲûǷҡߣۺúùӣһ紨Ϣҿǰƣһûѹ˿ʯͷƵģµر
ţﵹ뿴紨Ϣʹˣܿˡ
ƻӢŰѻתźͱУС۾µµһתţ˵˭˵ˣҪǸűһߣԺ춼ܿ
ܹ𣺡԰˭˵ˣĽ㣬Ҫ˵ӼȻߣ¡Ҳʮüʮˣʣµʱ䣬͸ðʱźˡ
ȻҵĻʵڻֽܶţӻȥ󲻾Ҫϰȥӿң紨󷹣ϴ·ɶģһ㡣
ӢСԴһ㣬̣ѽѽҰ־ûʱ󷹣Һ͸ûȥģҪҲԸǣҺ͸ͽˡ

ӢĻһܹеˡ
ôӣȷ
ţ˵ɡӣǼֵܵģЩǵʱҼģһֱţҲֵֵ֪Ǯȥ󣬿ŷְɡˣĶãպˣզܼԺ׵ƾ֤ܶ
˵ѣϵľϻӴ˿
ɶ򿪲֪һ򿪣Ӣʱ±ˡ
̹Ȼû˵Ųбµġ
ϻ˺öʱڣʱƷЩ澹ӡ
ûӡ
ӢȦȦ
ţҪǰ̵ļۣĶЩ²СֵͶ١
˻
ŲεĴС
ܹ𣺡ģȻܼҵǾһΪɣҲܼҵĹŮ
ŵͷɣԺɡ
ûƳ٣ѺһһŮõӸó˸ңܹѺӸϣ׼ͷȥϴ֡
궫ܹżһᣬ̫ôˣ㱳ſձ¨׼ˡ
ź͸Ұܹ͵˰⣬ܹϽ֣Ȱ䣬ߡ
Ȼ˵øһһĹŮϽ㲻ϽǱӦǿסģܶ۵ʱ򣬸Ͻ͸ҰĸŮҪ죬и˸ˮȡ
ûѻ˵һֱͷҲ֪ûܹĻȥ
żҳӢ̻˻ɽ
ӷ紵ϰߵ̲£Ӣ۾һ̧ͼվԺ棬۾̲
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֣뿪ƽֵʱ趼ûզͻˣң˴
ţˣĶλǲȥˣ
ǲǮԼӼˡ
뵽ӼӢˣСһ˦ͺʯ̲
裬ˡӢغ骡
Ҳź͹ŮСŴʯ̲ӢӣȥĶ
ȥ̼ˣ骣ӢӲ˵ȥʡûˣܹһʡ
骣ʡ´ͻˣҵˣѹпԺϽڣ˵ҪӢӣȴӢӻسˣ͵־ǽһˣһԶٷ
ܹ𣺡׼˰ôش
ʱ裬Ҹʱ䣬һҪȥﰡ˵껰Ӣ׼ȥ
ϻгǣÿЩȥϡ
ܹô￩һ£Ϊǳɶ£С׷ϣ骣ôǲǳɶˣ
骣ûɶ£ӢӿԼĸǶЩرͷףӢôŪġ
ͷĸͷܹЩûס
ѹӱʣҲô£ӢӵˣϵǣҵøϽӢӹȥ
ܹˡ
һŴŶȥɡ
骵ͷӢͿߡ
˵ӢǸλԼЩ¡붼û뵽ԼҹŮǸλôȽ
ȽרҵзλĿԱûŪԭ
ԼзĶλУÿһзĶλٶЩȱݣеת䲻׼еźŴʱʱʵʱλ
ӢˣʾһЩͼͱԵĶźŲܲκζӰ졣
ʵʱλرǿõλ󣬵һʱͶС
Ūһ󿨳Ѵڴ󿨳ϣô󿨳ȥת죬ʱ䣬λÿһÿһ붼ʵʱλ󿨳λӣֱ죬λĵˣλϵͳûг
ˣܿʡλ󿨳ȥ˱ʡ߶λһץ󿨳λá
󣬲ջش÷ɻһ£Ȼգźɺܺá
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оô߶λĻȡٶ̨ʳ¯Ķλôҿϣ
оо򣬶̶ܼģӢ̨λܿٻȡԵŲźţǸһģ;ã죬ܶλ״ﲨˡ
һ״ﲨǾܾ׼Ϸɵĵл
ƫӢǰ˵ϵͳⶫõϣԣоԱһʣⲻŲ״ﲨģʵѻ˵ˣ˵̨λ˵˵õϡ
˵˵Ľ̨λȺоԱˡ
˺˷֣ĵԪǾȻ
ҲǿӢⶨλȻģɵ·еĵдַȴǼʱյַĿǰûܿЩԭ
ⲻλȴǣЩ˵Ȳˣɴ͸һУ׿ʣЩԪô¡
ղʱ䣬һֱھţǰ֪ⲻҲпԺĿԱһˡ
Ŷˣ̨λģԱ
裬Լߡһ·Ӣúܣ˵СȣҪԼߡ
ͳͳˣֲʱ򣬲ٱڸ֫ˡ
Ӣӣмүүһ㶨λ£سǺүү˵һ˵骰Ӣ鵽ϣ
˵һ˵˵ɶӢ¡
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Ӣİ
λôѧ֪ʶȻռϣڵ¡
骣
⻰û취ˡ
СŮһģȴѵпƼĴУˣרҵ⣬ǵȻȥԼʰɡ
Ӣ裬аҵĶλ𣿡
СŮʶλеҲסˣĶڡȴ˸ˡ
е㾽֯һԣӢӣĶλȥоˣʱò
˰Ӣжˡ
Ͷɹôûˡ
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ͳͳĵӼˡ
ͳͳϵͳء
骸æǵǲأΪ˶λһ̨ӼλĲϣң˶ٰʮĲѡ
ϣѡӢ۾ݵһˡ
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骵ͷ԰㲻˵Ҫɣء
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·ϣһֱΪԼҪŮӦǸʮʮģڡˣҪĺŮһСޡ
Ҳ֪пԺϽڣ֪֪ȻҪǽˣ׶󡭡
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ѧͳͳѧѧ˹ԺлˣͳͳԼܴܻˡ
⹫Ժ᳣סУɡһЦĿת⣬ƽ۵ף͸ǡ
ڲдʱǹڶ׼˶ԷĿԱҲǣҲԻĿԱӢȻ㲻˾ĿԱѾ̤һټСԺķչռԲ͡
ֳɳڵ˲ţױԡ
浣ģһ죬ͷΪӢӵİȫߣЩѧһϷյ
Ӣ̫Сˣ;Ժ󣬻һĹ
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Ӣͷǳɣ˯ͿĴɽɡ
Ӣͷ۾ɻؿ˿裬ȻСԴ˳ϡ
һСʱƤ˽ֱӱ˺ƽ֡
ƽҡ
ִٵظԺˣһһ裬ȻΪڣ˳
ǸʵͽľܰҾ߳ΪȢ˸ϱԺˣֻܴϼ仰λǲ֪ô˼졣
̻𣬳Ժ⣬ɲͻأ𣬽ţƤͳ˵
߽ڣνڣŮˡ
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˻ûԺӣǵĺһ⹫⹫ŶҶþûпˡ
һԣ߲ĺűıղСһ˿㵡
Ǵ㵵ĵСѾͷͣǱͨСҪüֵ·ƣЦ
˾߲ĺֻӢһۣ֪˿Ҫˡ
̫С۾̫⣬⺢н࣬ǲʺϡ
ĺӣȺرĺӣŴ죬ܳȥѧϰЩͯʮϵܼ࣬򵥵ǰ룬࣬²רҸչˡ
߲ĺУҲǴģһλԪ⣬ӢȥпԺࡣ
пԺ߰ʱһͯ࣬ĺӸţԺҵĶǰӣôСͣλúԺ϶ⷽܳףٺõĴ㣬Ͳס̫С
ˣٹ꣬ʮ֮˵¡
⹫е£ˡղЦǺǵ
ٱǲģ⻰ܸӢ˵
ӢŶһں۾ͺת߲ĺ
ղȥӢӣүүүүҪۼס죬úúдǡ
ĺʧ߸ͰЦӢӣ꼸ˣĶ鰡
ӢˣͶˡ
Ͷˣ߲СƵĿһ䣬һתʣӢӣһλǿǶλ𣿡
Ӣ԰Լġλүү˵ңҪɶ
߲ûʲô֪ӢôͻȻҪλˣ
ͻ룬¡Ӣں۾߲ϳ˳ȻƳߡ
үүã˵滰
۾Ѿڸ֪λȴΪɶλ
Ͳɶ˵ɶ
߲۾Ҳ⣬ӢһƳߣ֪СѾͷûղô̸ˡ
˰ֱʣӢӣ֪ĶλʲôԭģĵԪôģ
δС˵ЩʱܹĨǣֱ˵Ȼһ仰ͻСȤûˡ
ӢȻϲֱֱ˵ʽ߲ʻںС۾ݵһԱ߰˸СʹСһţ͵õĵԭ
Ŵų˶ɲ˶ɿԲעֲٶΪ٣ʵʱλĿꡭ
һ̸λӢͻȻͱˣСŮеŴر
Ȼֻöģղ骾һڣȫ֪ԼС˵Щɶ߲ĺһһߵͷ
ǸλǲҲ֪λȡٶô죬ȷԴڵŴųڣǾ֪λĵԪܸܲ״ﲨȡĿꡣ
ӢûʧǵɻһʣӢͽˡ
˵ǲܣΪλĺľǵţӦ״ﲨϵͳŪһ״ﲨ͵ϵͳųɡ
߲ĺˡ
оľĿǰѾȡýǣҪٷְپ׼ȴ
ǰСƺƿĿǰš
СżɣЩɶ飬ôЩ֪
λʱһߣᶼЩ棬ӢѧЩɶ
Ӣʵѧƻûѧ꣬ˣӦѧˡ
Ȼֻ֣漰֪ʶȴǰ󣬷涼У߲ĺһֿۣ˵ϣ
߲ӢӣҿϲЩģҪҪרҵѧϰ֪ⷽʶѧУϵͳѧһѧпڣһ࣬ͬѧһرȥˣ϶ҵܶйͬõСѡ
Ӣ߲Ļ㣬ԴҡҪҪǱƭң˵ѧУ֪ԶԶģѧУȫǴ㣬ûҡ
ӢֻǺӣֲɵ
߲һᣬ֪˵ɶѧУˡ
ѧ꣬رףʻ϶ڴְͯ࣬ѧţʮһͶѧÿ˶úܡ
ͳͳͺң鲻Ϊϴѧʲô־ͬϵˣΪ˽⿪Լԡ
кöö֪ʶ涼У֪ʶ硢ռ䡢ȵȣǼʿƼЩÿԼ⿪ûá
Сͳͳ̺̫Զ񻪽㣬ȥԶĵط飬ǲúþúþò̰ܿ
Сľܾû߲ж⡣
߲Ҳ˳˵һ˵ûܸôһųɡ
߲ЪھͺӢȥ˼תӢܸ˵˵λϵͳ𣿡
ӢСԴһ㣬Ȼֺλ˵𲨴ԭ
ӢĿǰֻѧ֪ʶ̸ģҲֻⷽĻ֪ʶԭλ˶һţһѭӢѻת˵Ԫϡ
̨λԭǶܿöһܼףΨһûŪ׵ģǵԪ
ԪӢ˵ģ֪ʶܻͲǣСһɴܻط䣬򿪵ƣñʺֽʼ
ͿܶˣҪԭֻڻͼֽʱ򣬱Ķûı䣬ΨеǶһױݡ
Ǽʱݣ⿪жⷽݴҲΪɶĶλͱĶλһԭ
ͼòӢͼλˣֲˡ
Ϊķ˵ģĽӼҲǵԡ
ĵԣرء
ҲǿǵⶫǸŮõģɫģҲرأӢһʱ͹˲ˡ
С۾ѵԲϵ磬Ȼʼϸоĵԡ


78 
ӼܲƷ,ӽӢϵͳǻĴڡ
ǰҲܲƷֶӢзȻ׽С
еź
ܲƷ,ѿڶ㲻ϣܿƼҪǼʱ֪Ҫ˵ŬС
û,ԺŬĲ˵Ҫ֪Ķ,硣
ܺ,,裬񻪽,дöö岮ϲ磬ϣĿƼһǼʱ財
򿪼,Ӣһ,Сָͷڼϰһ¡
ָ,ϵͳ
Ӣ»,ϸֿٵؿϵͳϵı룬ȻԼ֪֪ʶ,Щָ
棬õӢԪͼֽΡλڣҲ,о
˿öرͶ,ѾϨ˻,骺ѷ˶뺰ǳԷûܽ˺û
ղ״оˣǲһһĳУͻʳ骣Ѳ˷һ֣һЩڹŪˣȻͻԷˡ
һŷֽ˳
һߣӢѾŪµֵļϵͳǴĸ׶Σ˳˳Ȼüͷ˵Ķ
мСϷǵϵͳģ⣬һЩ򵥴ļ
ʱѾͨضĶ˿ڲϡ
Ӣǰʱ򣬾趨λŪʵҲڵȴǲˣʱоˡʱĵԺܼ򵥣Ӣһ£ͰѵԹˡ
صԺСԴڵһʣʼд
ԵĲϵͳЩ̫һޣٸĸġСʱû취ģӲôŪҲ첻ˣԼŪCPUд̫Сˣֻһףȫãͷ취ڴŪ㡣
ӢԼҪĶддȫȻ±ӣһСüͷų˷䡣
裬ҺöŶһ̤СѾͷͿʼʳˡ
磬ֻϡ๾еûš
ͺˣڳȥʢ
Ѿȫ£骺ԺչϽɻӢͼֽС
Ӣûȥǣһ˳Ȼһ뷹ܵԺ棬ߺͰְ˵߳Է
극ϽҲڿͼֽôãҲŪˣӢôԪеĵˡ
𾪵òС
߲ͼֽȡ۾۾Ȼ˳
ӢʣӢӣô뵽ְ취еģ
͵ĵдַ̫˾ˣķңִ
ûôİ;лǿܽźšӢգգۣ
ûҳԭ߲𾪡
ӢаӴѧеõүүҸͼֽҪֶλ϶
˵ӢֵˣүүҪдðҪǶ߰죬һԸде룬ֻҪѻе븴ƵλĴУλռݺ״ﲨԴܡ
߲
Сﵽ׶ѧɶô㣿
һĺӢде룬Ҳû룬͵ܴܾãǾ鷳Ӣˡ
СѾͷ̫¹дʲôддûȥԣ˵öλλһ廯
ţûҪԼôųɣˣԶüҲҪӢСŹǣ˵ԼĿġ
ͳͳҲҪ̨̫СˣͲãöŪ㴢ţһء
ĺһЦͷɡ
Ӣԣ۾رˣСŹҲеøˡ
ĺӦ˸Ӣһתȥ־꣬ȥϱǶ˾Ī־ȡЩ̹
Ǳʡ񴢴ֶûλȴСֵλֻǱ߲УѾûˣΪǰеıתˡ
־һųҹͳˡ
Ӣ극˵һһһȥб˼ҡ
мˣһʱ񻪽㣬СгĲϣڶ̨λˡ
õڶ̨λͰͼֽͶλһ𽻸񻪽㣬񻪽ȥǮ
ͷһרõϵĶλ񻪽Ӧþ͸ˡ
Ǯ
ͳͳ񻪽㶼ǮررǮ
񻪽˵ȥһʱʵеǻеĵ綯һǵ綯һ̫ˣͿļұ˼̨Ծ˽̤ġ
ͳͳǮˣһҪдһݳ񻪽Էһ
˵Էһ綯һɶʱ񻪽ñӣֱӸԶˡ
˼ԺŵƣſϻñӺ·ͼֽ
Ӣĵر⣬ؿӢ㲻ϻȥ𣿡
ŰϳϾͻˣ
ӢߵСľϣ˦Сȣ۾񻪽㣬ˣҽӻģҸ˵еӼˡ
СѾͷһţüɫİѺϢ񻪡
ûг˵Цеģ˵
Ӣ˵ˣСظСظ˵񻪽㣬ţһŪһ̨Էһñ⣬ͻԽԽˡ
񻪵ͷãҵš
СΣӢˣСһҪСʳԡ
ӢԵĴǣӢǣݣһЩ
СԼĺ£Ӣʹ֣Լҡ
ҹɫӢûɶ˯⣬ϴ󣬸ɴ򿪵ԣʼָĽԼĵԡ
ǱԵݿ⣬棬ҪȽӴ֮󴥷չΨһǲҪȥѧȥӴչõġ
ǱǱඨ
ΪǰһɵģڿЩת
Ҫ״ﲨඨҪȥ˼ָָž˳
ĺԼĵϵͳӢ㿪ʼ
ڷһֱ죬һֱ죬쵽ҹڵǰСδŲƨɡ
Ӣ˸СǷ۾дĶãȻصԣκص˴ϡ
̫ˣͳͳ˯ˣ˯ټд
𴲣裬ûɶ۾ĶŵԿ˴ϣ۾еܲˡ
ûɶ޸Ķð۾ãͳͳЩʦ۾
Ӣ۾£С࣬˯˹ȥ
հ־ϹǱߣһֽеĴ̻ӢһʱĴּ̡̣
ʱԼ̲ʮôãӢ۵Сָͷһļ̣е㲻ˡ
ָ۾Ҳ
ϲָоǣɴ಻ʱˡ
ߡүүûߣӺ񲻼Ȼͳͳɰɡ
ǣӢʼϸСʱСʱʱ䣬ǿ飬Сӡ
ƵĸɣɰѵûеϽڸˡ
ƫǻܴߴ١
˼Сŵԣ˵۾ָᣬ裬ûɶԷӵˣǰ죬ǻظ⹫˵צצʹ
ĸҴֻ߰ӵȡ
⼸죬Ҳǳ˽⵽СĴִѾ곬ǵ֪
;ãС̶ȣҲЩϼһﻹ̲
ò˵Ρλˡ
ӢȷʵҪ˽̣磬Ҳû̵ܽˡ
ΡλڵȵʱҲûš
ѾɣȻûʽȴǽһʵҵġôǱģʵͨжĻУϽڵӢдеʱ䣬Ҳ飬ʵңѶλĵԪŪ˳
Ū˵Ԫ˻װһ̨ܶλ״ﲨĶλ
ȻĹĵԪǰʱ䣬һֱ޷˵ˡ
ⶨλܸյ״﷢䲨ˡ
оʡǱߣٹλȴܶλԶ״﷢䲨
ôԶľ뾹ܽյⶫҪõĺãǲǵлǧ֮⣬ܱλˡ
ãã̫ˡ
ֻһˣȵСĳд꣬ⶨλܾ׼Ķλˡ
һˣͨϾߵ·Ͱʳ¯ĶλȥһȥģԪͼֽ
һߣƸɻӢڶʮڰܵĳдˡ
д꣬־һСд̣Ҳš
ӢẒ́ӷ̤үүүүдĳ򣬶ЩүүպŶ
дˣСḶ́ĺر𼤶
ˡӢѹ̽ĺСһֵ̧үүǻȥ󣬼ǵðѹʸҼŶ
ʣĺһ㡣
Ӣصͷѽҹ˶ʮ죬Ұְǰ˴Ҿ߶Ǯһ졣ҸɵȻǿҲˣڹʱǰһЩǵһ죬ʮ칤ʣһʮ߿塣
˵Ӣ˶٣ֵŪʮɡ
ĺ
붼ûһᱻһСҪʡ
һԣ߲һЦڵӢӣҿͦϲ㷢ģҪҰʵңԺɶȥǱ
ĺ߲Ļ۾һʱպֻҪԺÿ¶йʿ죬ҪɶҲԼȥռֱд뱨棬ݽȥͳɡ
СԺɾ;ԲͣóСϽ˸ס
ӢСӵүүе⶯ǡֲɵкôõ¡
Ӣں۾գ˼£񻪽˵ϲԵ޹ʵݱҪУǿ϶ҲǶݱүүүүǱСӡ
ĺɲǺƣҵԺоһѣɹˣһн
ӢͷôãҲ𣿡
ĺС
ӢСüͷʣͻȻʣԺоĶǲǶҪңԼˣ
㻹оɶĺ۾һ
Сﾹой滮ˣ
аɶˣλүүҽ˱ĶԼ𣿡
Ȼԡ
ĺ˶ררֻҪ漰Ұȫôô
Ӣ۾ݵһġ
ĺġ
ôõ£ǻɶүүɣֻŶһҪ񻪽飬°ࡣ
ĺ
ô˵Ӣͬĺ߲õ̺뿪С˰Чر죬ǲ뿪죬һžװˣӢ֤͹ˡ
ûӢʽ롣
֤ˣ־һ˾ͲˣһסҸڵһƽ
ˣĺ߲װλϺϼ쵼ġ
ΪλһĶλװã̫ɫˣⶨλҪ߳
ǿ󣬶ʮ֮ڣǺųǿƼܶû취׷ϡ
ȫǵ豸ûɼͼ
ϵͳӢҲ˸쵼ĺ߲ǵӢʵɹ󣬵һʱ䣬ˣӢİȫ
С̫ˣɳռ伫ǿã⣬϶ǹҵʧ
ͷ쵼нڶλСôӣҲҪҪս࣬տ
һ𣬾ͱλڸֹˡ
СԣʺϷչҪΪǲ֣ʧԣǾ͵òʧˡ
Ӣ쿪ʼ߶ˣСѾͷһ㶼⡣˵壬ġ
ӢڽʡҽԺʱۼоԱסԺ£һ㶼ųֱϣȥĶҪ־ƽһ¡
ΡλڣӢСβƵģ졣
ĩ죬Ӣ湻ˣ׼оԼĵCPUˣСƨɲŸȥղʣҪҪȥǱ߿
ҪȥҪȥ
ӢСԴһ㣬ѲһĵװȥȻԼʳ¯Ĺ֤⹫š
ǹģȥʵﶼЩɶʵģҪȫԺ󣬵ðʵĵطŲȥ
Ӣӣզôء߳ԺӣһԵѣͼһ°Ӣ
ĩûϰ࣬ųྵģŵʹų˵ӢƾԼ£¡
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үүҳˣһӢСһߵСУɿɰرŵ˵
ãããɵÿ㳤ǹң͵ÿЩСһˡѼʡĽ裬һоҡ
Ǹоɼ꣬ѳ˳ɹ
ֳɹԹδչŹؼԵá
ԣ֪ӢŪһڱϵĶòС
˵ӢѹҿãԴСӢȥһ
СӢ̫Сʵ鷢һ죬۸ô죬ȥųǱߵ֪СӢӺҲ˵ģ۸
Ż᲻۸Ӣ쵼ӣҲӭһˮ
ûãڼӰӵ׼᳧ţȴǰ죬ʰͻȻ´ļ쵼ˡ
ɣƫڡһͰѱ˵ĿӸռˡ
ˣһֱһǰѸķˣһʵΣרʵңзһ顣ԭŲȥһݱһԭȥˣԭ߲㣬ΨûбŲӡ
̫ˣԭļﶼ룬ǲǵʲôˡ
ҪȻզô˸ء
ţ⼸Ļ̻̣ڲ²Ǽ׶ʲôˡ
ѴӢղ̤ӴǵģΡ
û취Ųˣְλߣ㣬ĿǰзǸΣû
зΣһ֮󣬾͵һʱ䶫ܣȥз豸ˡ
ΣãáһѾֺ֣첲һ죬Ӣǣ
ΣλСͬ£Ժ͵ú㹲ˣԺҪڳƤˣ鷳㵣һ㡣һ˵ţһѰӢĹ֤øο
±ƣ˹֤ûһۣ۾ѺӢת
λεذһѺſ̫˼
⣬⣬ɲҪͯ
ʰզ£Ҫݰŷݹ鷳ҲĺòһһͻڶСѧСôϰࡣ
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µúܣʶؾѵĻ֤һۡ
һۺϱʱˡ
оԱ
Σ
Цˡ
߰СôоԱ
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󣬻֣˼Ź֤ǳеģǳݺġ
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λڷС
û취оԱĹ֤̫ǿˣе㻺
ݹͬ£ɣǰСǸоģǡڵСô
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ɲҰǸ춺èǹ춼ĸСؤһǰ
˸ˣû취ȵġ
СʵҵİɣߣҴȥ򡣡ΰѹ֤ӢЦһӢѻղ࣬¥зȥ
εģҲǱˣһ¾֪ѽλСӦʵҵġ
ʵҲǲɲãҪоʵȻ࣬ıеģҲС
ǰʱ䣬пԺĽڽùֶ˼豸豸Ǵݱ˹ģڻʵûߣӣ⼸豸Ҫڳˡ
ӢΣзʵ߹һȦʵҵ豸ʱ֪ԼҪŪɶˡ
µԡ
֪ҪôCPUţʵպþи豸CPU塣
ĵԣٶȺӰԺҪĶӢ⣬׼ȥооôCPU塣
һѲϵľܾЩˡ
Ҳǵԭеһ֣ⶫܸӣצצܳĶңҪп죬һüʮ衢ݡ
Ӣⶫִ豸
ʵңӢˣһͷ˾ܵ·С
һ󹤳̣Ȼ豸ԼֿʴоƬˣǰڹҲ٣Ӣһææһʴ󶩵Ӻǻ
ף˼ԺѾʮ㣬ųβһ׳ȿ㣬ֿվԺ
̤˼ҵӢûԺ룬òãһŵ˸ϳ
㣬㡣Ӣ۾һЩȷغһ
ں˵Ǽŵ㣬Ӣ̧ͷ
겻ӢӳˡüӢ֡
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㣬զȥ꣬͸˸Ƶأô𣿡ȷԺ㣬Ӣˡ
㶼Щɶզ仯ô
㣺ȺϺ򽻵ҪСã²ñǿеùͷʣ
ˣĸϺꡣ
ںǣСûٱϺơ˵ñӣŲ˵ģǵñ⣬ģǿͼֽµתԼպ«ưȥġ
бñӳ͵͵͵ͼġ
ԸƣЩ˶ǶУŰ̥꣬ǣһ˾޵ٶȣɳ
ϱӣȥҹܻǲҵġǣҹܻӣԸΪ˲Լܿ࣬ҲŬѧŲչɫȥ˵˼
ϱӣֵطΨһѧĶû뵽ⳡϷӵá
ƾںǱߵķװһϯ֮λ
ڣǷװҵеϢ·Ķ֪һȥǵСרñ⣬ñӿʽرÿһ㶼Ȳñѷɫ
㣬λҪò߰ӢСϣؿ㡣
㣺ɡ
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Ӷˣ˵ĵűʣĶһһʼ
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⡭Ӣˣ붼û뵽㾹ܽӵֶ
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񻪽ԽԽˡ
񻪣Щඥñӣʮ̨¶һܲȳ
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ʶ
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۾һ̧һƽ
ɶƽȥˣôԶôȥģһԣӢ۾ͻһ
³ֺĿһתݵһ䵽Ӣϡ
ƽ
˵ϱӢӾƽģھϱӢӵʱ䣬ֻа˾ŸˣʱƽٴγǵĪǣӢӲ١
񻪽㣬ҸɶӢ󣬸оڿСԴһᣬɻؿ񻪡
񻪣ûɶӢӣٹǾҪѧˣѾҰ軹ˣǻǿѧǰأǱ̺үû˵Ҫﰡ
֪һͷ̡
һǣ̺񲻴Ը⣬˵̫ʹˣͷŻڣﳤס
ţ̺ú˵˵Ƕˣүµ߹Цȴţȫᵽ˳ǲӢӺ廹־¾ܱܿһ١
£ӷˮӢȦ£־¸絽Ӣӣ˷ˮ
ˣܲס˺þáú־Ըȥ˽ʡܹ̺үһҵ£ûûˡ
һѣƽһɵģȻⱲʲôû˻ǵϡ
ңͽҲԽа֪ƽ᲻
ˡ
񻪲롣
뷨Ҳ񻪲࣬ϱӣûƽӦᷢչʲôϧ
һأ㲻˵𣿡񻪰ƽѹʱ£ʵ
ԶӺǻһ˭
ĿⶨϣĬĬĸ׻ˣϸ£ںóˡ
ҶƬλŮʿӡʵģԣںʱŻһ۾ϳҶ
ΪҶúǵº󣬻񻪣ȴһֱû
£ӦøһⲻԻˡ
һյһ̧ͷ
ӢСһţе㲻ţˣ԰ôû񻪽㣿


79 
Ӣɻ,ں۾ݵһת񻪡
԰̻ˣȴûһʱ񻪽,ѵ񻪽㣿
Ӣ뵽ֿܣСķָתתˡ
Ҫ,ͳͳ治ȥ⹫æˣ٣񻪽ϣ,񻪽Ͳʧ
Ϣ,Ҳҵ,ȴ񻪽жİ
ӢеС,ⷳһ۾һУְ뷨ķˡ
ģ,԰Ҫǲ񻪽,ǵʱ,Ͳἱææ,˴Ƭ񻪽ˡ
ٶ񻪽֪,Ҳ
ǡе㲻ԡ
˵԰ֵܽõģ㵱ʱ񻪽,ӦҲԼֵܽù񻪽㰡,ôô,Լȴûһ񻪽㣬Īǡ汻ͳͳˣ
÷ԼǱߣɶ
Ҳ˵ĵڶˣ㱣Ƭ̺ҲǱʲôµ˰ɡ
Ӣ˼һͨЩ񻪵ĻСһལеĵϸ¼԰̵ģڶˣɶܵһ°
񻪵Цһ£Ĺעرæϴ㲻Ǹ˵ӹ˲Ҳæɡ
ĸ׻ȴûԼЩӣҲֻǸӶѡ
ûɶ벻ġ
ûɥҲûģԱߵСеСˡӢ۾æҲóʱ䣬㰡
ͨˣ˵߿߿ģٵȵȰɣɶʱˡ
񻪿㬵ӢЦҡҡͷ
ûһ֪ˡ
ŶӢŶһûɶˡ
費˦˦СȣƬ̺󣬺յһ²񻪽㣬һȥ⹫⹫Щһֱע£֪ɶ
˵ţӢ˵ɶȾԼұȥ
һߣϵЦȻ󿿵ϣ˼һԵ㣬̾û񻪣Ž˳
⹫⹫Ӣܻȥղš
ղ˯ϰߣӢĺӴŹ̴ţôˣ
Ӣ̧Сʣ⹫֪԰̻𣿡
ղһ£˵Ҷ
ӢСԴ͵㡣
ղࣺǻˡ
Ӣں۾һˣôû񻪽㣿
ղࣺ֪˵ģҲǰүү˵ġ
Ӣˣ˵ϸںǿ԰ˣ⹫԰ǲ񻪽㰡
ղࣺʲôأҪ񻪣ʱ򣬾ͲƬˣ
ӢΪʲôˣȴ񻪽㣬Уǰүү˵԰ֵܽõģ԰̳ˣܲԼ˶˰ɣ
Ӣɻ⡣
ǰûһ;ú񲻶ˡ
Լ񻪽ң񻪽⹫ţ˾˺أЩôһϢûУѵ԰̾ûи߹ˣ񻪽ҵˣ
ղࣺ˼롣ѾˣֻҶûлû˵ȻˣҾͺ˵˵ɡҶĸĸѾˣ㶼սҽ򶫸һڱ߾Ǳ½½һֱڴ̣ԼûزҶиɩҲҽܲɣҲǼǰһɳеһԣ񻪽²Żôá
˵Լһңղ໹ͦԾġ
Լˣ˲ţȲҶԼҴʹ㣬ڰȵĹȥ߾һսҽֵ𾴡
ҲΪЩ£ԼҲŰ񻪵µˡ
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ۣ԰̵ļȻôãզͼ޸ʩأ
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⳧ӵ⣬ԽԽˡ
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ʾˣϡͿؾͰŮҵˣҲҪΪԼŮҪһһҪ͵ŮˣܵɵƲá
뵽Ҷ۾һɺޡ
Ҷϵļǩ꣬Щ۵̫ѨȻѱʸ£ʰȥ
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ںӶ˺ҶͶʩ׿ûиˡ
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ڹʰʩ׿棬˳ĬһгȥȻŰǰ͸֤ˡ
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ҶſʮɱֵúܺãԽϵǰ򣬼Цһ£ʦʦĸ˵һûпգʩ׿СϢҪҪ
Сҵˣʩ׿һ٣Ȼʡ
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˵ҶͣȻ̧ͷؿʩ׿
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˵󣬲ٿʩ׿ת뿪֡
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ңԽϢˡ
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ѳĸŮˣʩǹŵķţҲΪˡ
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ĸ˵Цʩ񣬹Դص֣ѧأһţӶˡ
ʩ׿Ůﺮء
ŮںԼѧӣųͲСأ
Сľ«Ϊ
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ǰǻܸ˵һѾ˳Ǽ̵꣬Сһˡ
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ʩ׿˵Сʩһ٣۾ߵ˿
ĸСɲǣ鶼΢΢һ䡣
ʩ׿ȻںֳƬ۾ȴһֱԼһ˫Ůϣڹʰôʱİ࣬ʩ׿ѲǵǸǵҪСسȥܻʩ׿һ˫۾˳
ʩ΢ı仯ȥ
ʩʩ׿ݹƬŻǵۣϸ˿Ȼܿ϶صȷСϴһ׿СϢˣ
ʩ׿ֵĻҲƲסĻתһʩϡ
һƣҲ֪˶һ˦ȥʩǾѪ
ְ֡Ŵ类ʩ񾪽г
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һ̤ʩ׿˳ԱˮŭĽűߡ
һңŵãԭء
ʩ׿ŭһΣСǲ͵ߵġ
ʩ׿˵ý֤ݣҶӵʱҵȷȥУҲˣǶʱæţûȥҽԺֲôܱǺӡ
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ûУԩˡͷһ̧
Ʊô˵ʩ׿ָϵƱݣʵ
ʲôô˵첻ȥһ̵꣬Ϳ˺«֪㵱궪ǸӣҲ˸«ţⶫϾʩҵģȻ֪Ϊɶܻ꣬صʩҲãԾˡ
ʩ׿Ǻ«أ˺«Ϊʲôû˵Ϊδûһ䡣
«Ūˣǣ㲻˵Ҳû룬ֱӰѶ«Ĺ۵ʩϡ
軰ʩһ룬Ҵлؽʡʱ򣬺«ˣְ֣Ҳǹġ
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뿪ɣԺҼң᲻԰ߡ
˵ţʩ׿ٿĸӣһת뿪ʩҡ
ʩңʩ׿һߣʩھӵؿĸˡ
ʩүֱ̿ͻٿޱޣһһģ޵ʩ֣ĨߵѪĮؽԼķ䣬ȻһŹϡ
ʩⳡ籩ҶԤ֮С
뿪ֵҶ鼫õĽԺĹӣԼˣҪһƿ׾ƣ̵س˷
Էڼ䣬ʩ׿Ժ˳ȥҲҧгݵﳵ뿪
˵飬ҶЦˣЦĵ紺ÿĻ
С
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ںǴֹ꣬Ŵ򿪺󣬺ЩڽѰҴӹЩˣһ㶼ֻȥغñӳ½һϣٺܶơ
˼ѳŪȥ
Ҳ֪һ㣬ʽϣѳӰȥǣҲһһңǼȱ֣رǹˡ
񻪴һλغǣںһµƤĵһǵеءطǳ֮ƣңⶫԽԽֵǮ⣬ˣǰڲѧֻҪ˵һĹֶξͳɡ
ˣҲҹκ˲رȱСӣ̲ɶˡ
ӢŹ滮δС㣬ͻȻ;ãҲŬˡ
ԺҪɴµˣ̫󣬵ýǵĲ
񻪽㣬ŶȱǮĻǻе㣬ȸãҲ̫ɡӢ׼ȥԼˣǰžüͷС㣬ο
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ӢԼ񻪽ˣСԴһ̧Ǯܶģһǧˡ
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⹫˵ˣֻҪúøоԺÿоɹн
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Ӣ̲ذѹ̸˳ȥȫ֪Լͳ˸ɶ
־겻ⶫȻˣûȥƽϾͿⶫȥУ׳Ī־ڽȥҪôǾͲǵˡ
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ӢѹͳȥȥȻһͷ˸ԼĹС
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˵ѡ֣ƽͷð˺
ֱȹ⻹ҪȽļҪɱˣ²ýֽССģһͣֻͶѡ
˻
ⶫҪǰ·ͶˣƤ·¾Ҫˡ


80 
칫,Ī־Ŵ򱨸ƽϬ۾ţ˼һ
Ƭ̺,ۣȻȥǸСоʲô,־һʱ֪ͨң⣬ȥղͬ־˵һ,С̫С,Ϊ˸õı,ԺλСз,רһ飬ǶùƼѧԺ壬רֱΪֹ
ƽ,ͦ,Ī־һ,ת뿪˾
Ī־ƽ뿪,Ḷ́װһ,Ȼ鼫õģþԱȥߵпоԺԺ
һԺҵ÷ԺרҵĽ,ݹ̸,װϿ
ʮĩ,˼רҵʱϵģʮڣƼѧʽרҵϵΪƼѧѧԺ
ڼ˿Ƽ򣬻Ը̫࣬Ȼڼרҵ𲽵ȴһֱ׷ϱ˵ĽŲЩѧԺҲ˲˲š
СϵͳĪ־䲻Уǰʱ䣬ȴһеһ䡣˵ʱرпʱ˵ҪǻзֲϵͳǻڼϣռԵơ
ԣǰĪ־Żô
Ī־ھרҵϵͳϵͳС˵ôãҪһʱ佫ϵͳרעˣʱ򣬲ùȺëռȻ
Ī־ערȻһߣӢҲ׼Լĵˡ
зΣͷսȵִġ
зǸʮӣø߸׳׳ӢǰĸζһһϣǺ־ЩӽŸǾˡ
зǴӾзġ
ӢзʱΣֱӰӢ־꣬ȥзΡ
ƺ֪ӢʱһӢֺǺǵشӶƿˮӢǰСͬѧˣСͬѧʵңûзߣҴȥʵҡ
һԣӢ־꣬ڿʳ¯зɲǣһݵһվֱ塣
ûзһΪϴι۵ģԺҪĵطءӢС졣
ǰ棬ûע⵽־Ķ߸˵ؽӹˮ۾ĺһڡ
ϴҲڳβ֪ĹĶ
ӢŶ壬ˮܺúȣлл壬ɶ
ΣϴμģλĺڵĴֶӣǰھξЦǺǵضӢ
ξ˵ľʵ׶˵ܴӾзΣմСĹ⡣
ȥ˴Ӳ˺ú󣬱㱻Ž˾ϰ࣬˾ڲΣ˭֪ûһ꣬ͱǰ׳ͬʱϣӾڲз
˵ΣʵϣֻǰһλСоСԺҪĸоģоĶҲһʱ䱣
зһθ
ΪСͷҲǲġ
û취˭Сбأһ֣ǳԽʮоɹ˵ǶŪġ
˲ţͷĲŹ֡
ԭүүݰ壬ãҽӢ壬ҵʵĶӢԹξʺãȻ̧Соҡ
ξǣӢһߣһߵڰ칫¥һŵİ칫棬ǶǸʵңһˣСѣҿԽӢǶӢӡ
ԡӢСԴ͵㡣
ξһЦȻԵضӢӢӺܴĻӢҪסˣϵȫ
ξԻһ䣬Ӣ;ˡ
ϵȫĪͳͳҲˣ
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СҲоԱоƵģȴֻǳۣһĽ
ˣƳ۵ġӢСԴһתʱξԵ˼
ڸԺʵ飬ڻء
ͳͳϡ
ξԣӢӺܴǴСŹǣԼըģܺõġ
ξԵĿڴǶèĿڴһһֽסǴŹǣôشڴóˡ
ʱ򣬿ġ
ĺ˵ˣСŹǣϲԴǡѾСѾͷİöˣҪ岻סСʮͰ׻ˡ
Ӣúܣ˿Ϻһˮֿ˿ƤӵµǴŹǣ̧ͷ΢С죬ȵؿξԡ
Ϊɶ˰ŹǣóԵĻ¸ͳͳ
һԣξԾȻóһǴŹǣ־۾ˣرֻβǡ
ξ־꺰ͷһ̧һѾûڲӣԺǵúΡ
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ӢغһȻȥȣ⼸ûϰ࣬ŴȣһֱǸԩŮ󣬰׽ȥ˵˲Ҫ޵УֻҪóȥľǱˡ
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⡭ǣ᲻̫ˡ
־ɱӢСѵŪһ㣬ĵ׵ɲǼͲˣһЦҪˣð˵˰
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Ӣ־ɺ֣ǲǱìﲻ
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Ͷ֣־ɲô⣬ȻźģȴֶһٵҡǸֲģСʱûΪӳԿԣ˾ͷˣģͬ¶̬ȡ
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⼸ôǷϣʵڿǣҪҪְ¡
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־⻰˼ģʱ䵽ԭءˣΪΪ֣Աء
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ҪǴ˴ֱ׳Щл
Ҳ־ɲ£˴ȴ֣һֱڶ㣬ڱɲͳ顣
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᣺ɶõģҲҪشȥ𣬵ʱ̺ʹŶһǡ
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ɶҪش尡ˣͳͳ컹ǻԼȥסɡ
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־˺ܶ࣬æӽݶ˲ˣȻһˣʼԷ
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Ҳ֪ǱŪߵģԼ뿪ļҡ
극ϴĻ־ɣԼӢ˵Ļһ˵˵Ӣֻ۾ܣòһ˴
һ磬־ֳӢˣŰ־־һ壬־ûгţɻסڳŵҪҪ
ֳĹ뷹ֻҪְ⳧һӡ⹤治ϲ
Ҫһְֱˡ
ɴְأ
ְҪҹ϶ѣٲȻȥļҾ߳ϰ࣬ǡȥ鷳塣
־ɾԼδһߣʵҵӢһʱ䣬Ѽĵ·ͼ趨ãžܲϻûʱС칫ң˵ѧ顣
ξԵİЧرߣӢͷһҪ飬ڶ죬ͰӢˡ
Ե飬򲻵ģ漰֪ʶҪºֽܶ࣬Ϊµ飬һδٽӢԿ
һѭԿܸĳ͸ϵ֪ʶҲø졣鿴Խ࣬еݿͻһһϵͳǻݵ
Ӣ;ãȻӦö࿴顣
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Ӣڼ䣬ݾǶƽȥĲϵͳҲɡ
ǰļϵͳֻǻԵĽûں˻ӲıƣӢϵϵͳȴܹӲݣƳУΪӦṩ֧֣üϵͳԴ޶ȵطáע١
һ꣬ŪϵͳĪ־пƷԺϵʦͬѧˡ
Ǽַ񣬲߲ݵҪϵͳָ
ܲɣǲϵͳ
ϵͳƻδɹȴѾˣңϵͳôһϵͳ©ûҵ
Ī־ڵõרҵʿרҵۺ󣬹ϰѹװȻ磬ʹ˾ȥ׶
׶졣
󣬻ձͬʱ˻ڼȡشϢ
ϵͳ
ڻãֶͨϰûֻ֪ٲ֣ϢֻСΧһЩ˻Ъȥŷȴһ˼𣬰Һݺݵظһ
ر
ϵͳһ˵ʮڣһרзĹ˾ģ˼ʱ䣬ŸճɹзһʮλĲϵͳ
ǱţҸӣͽϵͳƳ

ڻɶư
ĻѾһѼϵͳƳˡ
Ѫôûˡ
˾úܣûĻƤˣ϶͵ǵоɹһֽ״ѻƼѧԺ˹ʷͥ
˵ƼѧԺƵĲϵͳ͵ǵġ
ϵͳԻƼѧԺƳģԣǸǿƼѧԺ
ڹʷͥԱãȻ󡭡ˣۡ
Ӣд֪ϵͳУ򵥵һ򣬲һϵͳһϵͳһֽڣܴλΪˣƣȻʮλϵͳʮλϵͳ
Ӣֵһʼͱ˾оҪߣһֽܴΪʮԭʼݱĳ˾ĿλӲдʱдľǶʮλϵͳ
ͥϣʮλϵͳõȴǶʮλϵͳ
͵û͵ǷǸϹӣܿó
ЩսͥʱָŻˣһһȫ۵úܡ
˾ӮˣȴЦһǰӣңϵͳרҪϵͳ򻪹ʹȨ
ĽӢԶԶ
ӢЩȫֻ֪ξԸձź֪ԼƽݽȥḶ́岮Ѿˡ
ǾͺãǾͺá
ǸϵͳȻҲʣļȴոպʣϾӲ̫Ҳá
֪ϢӢͷ飬⼸ûغƽ֣˯ֱ˯ߡ
ҪĲϺͿʴ߶ˣûǼ顣죬ϼйصѧ鿴꣬ʱ͸ڻͨˡ
ξԺ־ڣӢСӱöãԵãȵããûһȱģΨһȱģ񻪽㡣
һ飬һֱѧǰһ죬ƽ˸˲ϢŰ麣˳
ɶ־ɸ类ץˣӢˣ۾˲š


81 
ӢĿɿڴ,̧𾪵СϢƽ
ǰ־ɸ绹úõģôͻȻͳɡɱ˷׽أ
Ӣ˺һ,ʣ־ɸΪɶץˣ
ƽ˵͸ڻеһɱ˰йء
ɱ˰Ӣˡ
оɱ˰,ⲻܰɣ
ЩңЩ·ŵ֪سǣûг·,ǰ;ã,еıһ,ľͳɱĵƤӡ
ãĳ,ɶ⣬Ͼ߰ǻشģһӣǴ̳,ǹӵĻ̫,,⼸,оûֹһڶ԰ڡ
Ӣ־ɸŲɱ,϶ץˡ
ƽʱ֪ץߵġ
ƽ˵Ъ,ӢӻС,,ʺ֪
һתӢӣ̺ˣȥ
ϢҲΪСѾͷ̺ˣ֪ӢӲڼңرģһֱ׷ͬ־ͬ־ø˼˵ӢڸоǣӢӴȥ̿һ
ӢһعʣŶȥɣˣҴ̺ʹأжĶ
ǰ촺شʱ˵Ҫô̺ʹһţҲ֪û
ƽںƽ֡
ӢҴǲѾȥѧУˣ
鿴̫Ͷ룬ʱ䣬Ӧȥˡ
ƽȥˣǰߵģһߵġ
ӢŶһûٹʣǾüͷĥ־ɸ¡
־ɸ絽Ϊɶ׽ģǣɱ˰СɣøϽȥ
Ӣ˵߾ߣƽĳƽЩȥ
ӢǰŸߣ־ξԵȥֿ־ҼСӵԸⰸ顣
ξԣţȥ򣬸кʱŵ㣬֡
ͷѶûжʮô淶ʱˣҲǻᴸ˵ġξԾ͵ģ־氤ס
Ӣصңر࣬ˣү嶼ˣûгԶŵ־ѧҲŽ˳ǡ
־ѧС岻ãҲſˣɫźһЩ·λһС롣
ˣȫüֵܣһһڵĳ飬ȻǼòС
ܴŶ÷ۣ̱ϡ
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ܴŵö˶˵ģզˡ
Щ˵Ҫ˵־ɸå־ɸĻᱻץ߰־öţߣӣһ˵ӡ
״һĵϣСӼҼҵģɶûǷһߴȥ
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ӢţżһݷļˣһԴһתʣ־ɸ絽ô£զͱ˸׽ˡ
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Ӣ˵裬Сһǣˡ
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ϵġ־ӦһԱϣһ죬ӢԼԱߣӢӣûɶ취־ɸ磬־ɸǱԩġ
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ǸϽɽ
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Ӣ־յĻˡ
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˵ӢСԴͻȻһתʣ־ո磬־ɸ׽סŮˣǲ쵼ݰ
ȻզﶼˣŲ洦
־һ㣺֪
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иѧ۴ͷ½˵Ϊʦղûˣ룬ͻȻ˱棺ʦСѧߴѧУˡ


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Ŵ󺣵,Դһת,˼ؿӢ񻪡
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ȿ󣬴ﷴӦͳһһһޣµҲˡ
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пγ̱Сѧ࣬гбⶨӢʵѧУһӢ֮⣬ĴΡʷѧֲѧ
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һû˵ɶֻǺ죬˺ܺãûµģȻȥɡ
֪Ӣ££ֵܣӢԸ˵Ҫ˼죬Ǿͻ֪ӢӲԸ˵ȻҪΪӢӴڻ
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һԣӦȱȽϳ־ԣֵس磺磬ǲһֱ֪úС㻹ɶأ
־һ㣺
ػǲһģ̫ܵˣʵǰЩСʵӢڳСܡ
񻪿һ仰Ͱ־µĺģ˵־ԣһûסһЦ˳
ʮ־Ը磬ܾģôСʱȴôȻء
־¸磬ңӢԸ˵ˣȻ㣬ˣǿؼҡЦ꣬־µ
񻪣־¡־ԣҲؼңһ·ģһ߰ɡ
ߺס񻪣һϼǿͬסһֵͬѧһЦǺ
㲻𣿡񻪿ܹϼǿʡ
ϼǿҲ죬Ͼͬסһ֣Ӣڳסʱ䣬ֻҪ緹ǾǱسҵİӣΪӣԼ̲ˡ
ϼǿһ˦ˣҽҪϰϾʮܻؼҡ
ҮӢأôûһ𡣡ϼǿһۣɻʡ
ͬͬСãզһ
־£øɶ
ϼǿһ°־£ú񻪿һֱΪǶСѧţ֪ҲһУҾ͸Ұһˡ
ϼǿ˵ţһƬԺ֪»ΪӢء
С;ãӢһֵģСžȥҳ԰ӣǹϵһ
־£
һߣӢ־ȥŻеʱ䣬һͷԼʵ־ڷӢ󣬲г־ͻ˳ֳ
ĳֳرֵ֣ͬʱе㶪˵ĸо
ΪɶȫӴſڣиŮһŸȣһȣһСϣŻ
Ǻݣÿ˶°͡
ǹҵ°ʱ䣬ſںŮˣһֶõ
ˣ
⳪ĳϷ
̲סͣ½Ųϸһ
һ˾ˡ
ŶǰץߵǸåǱһԼݺİ
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ںˣСӵԩϴˣ˳ˣֳ£̫ƽȥˡ
ոĳȷֶ̫ƽĸоǰܴһӪĹȥֹܴ졣
룬ȴûֹˡ
ܴ챾Ǹ벻ߵģŲ縶Ըء
ȴʸ˵ʣƾɶ˵ٵĶ˵ΪɶͲ˵ˡ˵ûڳֳվĵطǴ·
ڴϺ˭ˡ
ֳ־ϱֲ涯ܴ죬˵ģڴϺûڳҲ
ոĳĿۡ
ûޣͷʹĻӻ֣ܴ
ܴһ𣬾ͺ𵽼Ӷ°ˣȻ󣬳ֳͳɱ˿ĺˡ
ûɶֻִ˭˭
꿴󣬾˺棬˭ѱݳåСӣŪɳģҲ̫ȱˣеĿɱ˴󰸣ָˣûָϴ˻ãָˣⲻҪ𡭡
һʣܿ죬ʰԾˡ
Ȼ͸ˡ
˺ֻһ뷨ԺҶһò۾ûӣ˵ɶɶﲻҪ
˰û£ģȴ̫ټ
ܴ÷һǶԼ֮Ҳ˱˱۵Ķ
Ǹû˵ģƤ°;ôҿֵͦģﻹָָ㡣
ɻ̲סȥԭ򣬲ոջ˵ˣһЪȻ񿴴һ飬
ƫҶ˵ԭ
壬˶Ǯϱçӣʵϣç˻ܴ죬ܴçͬʱԴáһʼָֻǶԼ磬ԱʱͻȻˣ෿ףʵš
ԴһתðɣҲָǶԼˣһһָյ
صشӻеܴ
ƫܴԲĻףĺһʼĴġ²⡯
˵ɱ˷һģ׽˵ʱ˶û־ɱ˷Ϊɶȴһʱ䣬˵Լ־ɱ˷أ
һھҧ־ɣ־ĸء
־ջȥ־꣬;ܴͦģŲųڳֳ濴һϡ棬ͻ
ܴġ²⡯һڣûһʹҵֳһȺģ˦˦ǽиɴࡣ
ܴ캰ͻȻ;ãɵĺе
ȻǶԼ󵼣־ǸŮͬ־ˣåĻͬ־һʼҲû˻־ɱ˷Ǿǲſʼɵġ
Ҿ;ܴġ²⡯ǶԵģãҾãͣҴһȺˣ־ɻسʱеǱߣ˸
ǹŮ˵˼ңȥ˺һ
ȫ򾯲ҹǣǣʶУû˭ȽֵģرעǼµġ
컳ɣһİ
Ļһܺ߼ͰѻĿ꣬תϡһʼָ־ɣ϶Ϊתƴҵעң⡣
ⶫǰɱ˲Ѫĵû֤ݶͱѪܡ
־ɱѵݺݸͱ˼ӣ⵶תˣʼͱˡ
;Լԩһ£ôھͷתɣɱ˷һˡ
ƫôͱ˶
Ӣѧ죬ǳˡ
ҿɲ־ûɶµСᣬ˰־ͻسֳûȥҳֳ쵼ȥһе쵼
˵ף־ɱߵǻеְ
е쵼æýͷöţĺ˯ͱ˸ˣⲻָ˵ǳΰ
º󣬸򹫰ǱѵѾų˺üˡ³һְĹˣӰӵĸԼҳΧǽӷ
ΧǽϺˮ࣬Ȼˮơƿ
ӲһͲŻлǳˡ
˻ɹ£֪֪ʵǳ鲻ܣŵȹæ˵
Ҿʱŵģֵһ˳һ˳ڻеİ칫ң̨ӳһϷһ˼ҼҺΪǳ£Ե޹һİ෿£ǳøһ˵
Ҫϡ࣬ܵĻǾȥϼͶߡ
ϼš
ԱպȲϼ쵼ѣʱ֣ʹĸо
ǿˣΪɶڳǸСᣬôϴˡ
еҲ֪£ǳæǸ֣سŵ֤ݣҧ˵
Ҫľһ
õĴ𸴣Һתͷȥ˳ֳǰһߣŻеĹ㲥֪ͨ
㲥ֻһϢǾΪ˸еҥԣָˣ³ֳ־ͬ£ԩ˾֣ڳ쵼һ¾ǹ֣۳һ¹ʡ
⣬ǽôְǹܺԼ죬ơôעȫرǼйŮģһҪѹŮá
еߵĳر졣˳ֳߣе㸴ˡ
Ŵ־⣬쵼ڿôŴ־ѴֵһҪ˵ĻûڣŴ־εͷξͱߣˡ
Ŵ־ýǰһֱû۵ȫΪŴ־Ľǳֳĸ
Ըǲģ;òŵõĸζ¸־뿳Ĵ󽫡Դıأ϶Ǹթƻģ־ôһС⵹
ΪŴ־£Ѿ죬ӣǳˡ
뱣˵ĸҲǵ֪ԭҲк̨ģ̨ǹʰġ

յոģԭѿӸ˰
ˣƨӣҪˡ
ȷʵȣѴӳֳصʰ죬һʱͿһᣬԳֳ쵼ڲìչġ
ῪеãȻԭֳֳԭޣó񣬽ɸһεĳֳǽݹʰˡ
Ż쵼ӵĳֳһλ쵼ˡ
ڣʵĸ
ֳ£ǲģֻг֪Ϣ
ѧܺĩӢĥĥ䣬Լļڼ䣬еɱ˰ȴǵڶûнչеǸɽĺȹŮϡ


83 
ںȹŮ,ȥֻ鵽ɽϢ,ڻһ
ʵҲֲþ죬Ƽ,Ӱʬ壬߰ʱûкĸ߿Ƽֶ,ܶණǲ鲻ġ
ⰸֵͦ,رǹҵ,Ϊֳٳûҵְ˭֡мְҵ̫̫,ȥȰϽ˵˭ҲǹŮңôľôء
ô,ں²,Ҳ侲
֪ⰸӺûϵ,Ҫйϵ,͸ñȥʻˡ
ʮʱ䣬Ӣͼ
̨,ǻԭϵһϵĵԪھӢԽܣܸáؽͼָ봦,,ѼԴһ׵Ӳ,1GӲ̡
ĿǰӢļޣڼһڴ濨ۣţԺ󻪹ڴ濨ˣĴռ䡣
ѼװɣӢǰԭϵͳϣٴθԼļһ²ϵͳӲƥ䣬õĴݡ
ӢŪüѵԹˣȻֽʣʼдд
ʵҲûɶдͲԭѡ
񻪽۲еĵ綯һõ綯һùãЧʻġ
ģǵԷһ
ԻһʵѾˣгĳЩ󹤳ҲеԷһǽڻȵһ̨͵һ˸
ʱûзĵԷһӢã̫Լܳɰɡ
ȰѵԷһĸŪȻԭԭŪ׺󣬾ͻƺͣ༭Էһĳ
ԺŪˣ񻪽ȥһеԵӵԼеԷһⶫ񻪽ĳӿ϶ø
Ӣһʱ䣬ѵԷһĸдˡ
׼չˡ
ⶫһɵģĥС
дֵСӢ۾һ飬鵽ԱߵḶ́룬ӳŴ̳Ȼ󽫼йشĵԪ·ͼƵϣ¥ݣԼĹҡ
ӵӢһ̧۾Ϳ־ڸɨ칫ҡ
塣ӢһЦ־һ
ӢӳˣҪؼ𣿡־תͷӦ
Ӣͷţȥˣ壬ȥĶˣ
־꣺ȥĳˣӦÿ쵽ˡ
ӢŶһȻӶѴ־꣺ȱŰɣͷÿˣȥȥ
ʲô־һӵ̣ʱʡ
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ǰǺ䶯ʵļϵͳСôƮƮġƽѶ͵ݾ󣬻󣬺˺һӡ
üζҵ˵ӢСûչ¶ĹâҪǺ͸ʵҵĿѧһṆ̀϶ûôͳȥ
һˣ־;ã̲ɶ˲õĶ
ĴͼӢƵ칫ҵԱߣ룬װǵĹǡ
ϴʹ壬˵Ϊȱ΢͵ӵĿʴǹһû취ҲûɶĴҲܽãȥҪҪһԼļҪĻ͸ͼֽɡ
̫ˣһսòվҰٷϴˣƼϻЩס˲ӡ
ģŲ̄õ΢ܼȱٹߣŪ
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Ӧòɶ̫ܵĶξæͷƽѶȥͳɡ
Ӣţֻ壬ǻȥɡ
־ѹ̷ŵڴ˵ͷӢſڣгȥ
ĳѾȫˣö೵䶼½˹ǸµĳȴٳûӰӣһֱϵڲһһǰִˣλǸʮˣݹģĪ˶ãĪӦϵġ
߳־Ӣȡгӣ·ϣ˳
һЩ¾ɵСγ·Ǳ߱˹ӻûȾ˺ü¡
Ӣ־ʶ̧ͷȥҪĳͣξԵԴӳ˳λǶҲ˸Դ
ӢһųԴں۾һȻСһţСУʹ̣ôˣ
СѾһߺţһ˳Сܹȥ
ԴӢƣСѾͷܹӯӯһЦ򿪳ţӳ˳
һһѽӢ§
겻ӢӳˡЦеؿӢ
Ӣһμƣ߰Ķ磬⼸꣬ղÿٶУ骱ûӻؽʡ
ⲻʱ䣬ƶûӢˡ
ӢҶˣ϶ҪİСˡ
̣һź̵б𣿡
ƣûڽʡҶءӢӣˣȻؼңȴ̰󣬾ȥƽֿ֡
Ӣ˵٣С۾ɻ
ͷ˿ڳξԣֿ˿ƣСһţ̾ĳ
԰ҾĳҪæ죬ȥ󣬼ǵø⹫˵һһЦûӢ˵¡
֯һҾ߳ĻŪƺͷΪʲô
ѺùأӢһ԰ȫĻɷӡ
˵ƻôòȫΪļ̫ͻȻ
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ạ̃ҪȻȥˣĩʱ㡣
̸涨ʱ䣬ԣǰؼңҪǲؼңƾζ
Ȼ̻ϼң̻ͳͳ̲ڣҲΥǰûؼҡ
ưӢͷȥɡ
Ӣ˵ͷЦеغƻ˻֣Ȼ־г߸˻˼ҡ
һؼң͸æѴ̾³£⹫
ղϢһ㶼ȣ֪ƵġкӢȻ˷ϴˡ
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ӢǸԱ⹫ѧɶѧɶһѧر֣Сȭͷģ
ǰ⹫ĺȭСȭͷȻ磬ɾǰѱ־ƽˡ
˾;ãӢҪרѧ䣬Ժ󳤴˽˲ӣǸŮ
ϣ־ѹ̽ƽѹ͹ȥӣ˵ĵ·ͼ
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ɵ̫ˣȾ׳Ī־רҵʿͼֽƽֱˡ
ο۵ʱе㳤ʮ죬űŻŻʱ߸ˣһӢĺһղĪ־
Ī־Ҳƽһˣпġ
һȲҪӢһ׳˭ڱ˵עУǣֻͨϵղ࣬Ȼѵİ칫ղ࣬˦ȣɿӢ档
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칫Ī־һߺղ˵һ߳רĳɿС
;ú棬桭
ھ֪СԴôģΪɶֶܵĳ
ֻԭдļҲ˾úܻĵ
֪ԿʴԪʴ뵼϶ɵġ
õľܣൽ綼ǰСȴԭԪУһЩԪһһЩ
Ī־ʵЩרҵ֪ʶֻ֪ƼѧԺļڸĹĴĿǰ´Ҫܻ
һϽڻ˵´װļԵʱܸ첶׽ͬеļźţعϡ
ϽһΪĴȫõһдƻ飬׼ʳ¯ĴΪڵһ̨΢ͼˡ
΢ͼڹڻڿհ׵أоһȺˣ˺öʼûŪ΢ͼϣǳɰǧĵԪԺֿʴտȥģӢύͼֽȴװ׽Ԫĵͼ·ˣϸĵд˿ʴ
Լ΢ͼǴЩͰѧˡ
СѣĶó𣿡Ī־һӢЦǺǵʡ
óԣ̫ˣܶԡӢĪ־ʻ̧СԴ
ϴۣ˵ǳԶ˲۵ġƲסϲĶ
۾ۣҲҪԡ
Ŀ֡
СѣôŸǴģĪ־˵ܶԣȴڳԵӢʡ
Ӣүүҵļ̫ˣܿѽģãŸһӦûõ㣬͸ˡ
Ī־˵ⶫɲøģǴѧ⼼
ӢͷĺүүƼҵѧİЩѧᵽһ廯о΢ͻ֪ʶҾѧġ
Ī־ԣ㣬תͷĺ
ĺе£һ廯΢λĸֻǸ
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ͳͳǶʱɲǰ׿ģһӣɶˡ
Ǳ֪ʶ̫ǳˣû취ȫ⿪й΢λ֪ʶ
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ֻӢ˼䣬ҲӢСﻹʹ˵һǺܴȴûܸԴ
ˣչɣҾţɶʱ·ˡ
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㲻ǲؼҳԷ𣿡Աߣ־ղ־»ش𣬾ʡ
ϼǿţҽѧؼҳԷ
־Ŷһû˵ˣС˵ϼǿҲҪȥҲˣϼǿһˡ
ûһᣬϼǿͳˡ
ϼǿĽϼһݣʮˣе΢֣װۣ˵ĸоر
㣬أ㣬ڵ㡣
ϼһݴһɫĵȷ·رۣһϼǿͿ
ˣףôûߡϼһСܹʡ
ϼǿһģˣǿؼңϰٵˡ
˵ţ߸˽Ųһתƽȥ
סһ֣⼸ǵܵܵͬͬѧϼһȻʶֵܺ񻪣̫࣬Ҳֻʶƽʱûô˵
˺ƽ֣ӢŻؼܵ־ǵԺȥȥˣ־º־ԣ־նȥˡ
ֻΪԺζ
ҵޣҲ־껹ƽˣӢ䷹ҲƤ䣬ʹƽԽԽ࡭
־º־״򲻶׼ȥܲ
ӢǰͺһܲȻҲҪһܣһ˦С첲ˡ
־ûȥΪˣܲ־á
Ӣ־ıƽʱȥѧ־궼ҪѧУ⣬ܲȻҲøȥ
־ܲʱǰһЩΪǰȥʮֽǱߣ˰·ϵ˵ʱ䣬Ȼصƽֵʱ򶼾ŵˣһϰ߶ѧѾ½Уţ׼ؼҡ
ӢҲŻ˽Ųƽߡ
ƽߣ·ƻܼҲֻյƣͷβһյмһյ
΢·Ƶƹ⣬ֵյû谵Ҫʱ仹̫Ҹŵƣ²øڡ
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һС·ѧУſڣ߽ƽ֣߹ƽֵӿڣһͻȻ
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ʱ䶼пѧⲨ½յƣСձҰĲźѧһֱԻԱͳɹ֡
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ӢȻδԣǱͷΪص㱣Ķ־겻һ˿⣬һ㶯Դ
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ҸԺӣƽһֻϵèվԺϡ
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ƽֿɽɽ߳ӵĹˣٷ֮ʮ϶סںƽһƬ
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˵ͬѧλʦ˶٣˼ûԱСдĶǴѧʱŻӴ΢ֵ·

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ף˽ݣȻֽϣʣô£ץӢӵģ
ûĿġ˽ǻеĺӹڸںͷأʮʱֵĻ˻еڻе˿İˡ
רҵʿ֣ʮ˴ܸ
ŹȥðղŴڨӢˣͱ˸׳ˡ
ƣȻأ
־꣺ȷʵģиǰȥ˻е˵Ǳ߰ĥһ£ġ
ξûһ˿иǰз⣬˵ġ
ƣû⣿
ξšü˼û⣬û⣬ȴ
־꣺Ͼŵƽֳ˸ɵˣ˸ƽְӵҵĴŮ˼С˸׷ȥʱ˾ʹڽСû
־˶٣ҺƽûŪ˵Ŀ굽ӢӣϼҹŮԽŰӢġ
ξתͷ㻳ںƽֵˣ
־꣺Ҳȷֻ֪һһ㣬ŷͷǴмֵġ
ϼһṩղǸܲɣߡòܷͣϼһݵ


85 
־껰,ξʱһΣݵĺ񣿡
־ףεȷϡȻȰ˴ȥƽ,ϼһһ¡
ϼһпߵϳˡ
ξԣɣҺһȥ
־һ,ԱߵƵƽ㣬Ӣӽһ
Ƶͷ,ǳʱһ䣺ǲϸ,Ǹľ㲻ǻɵ,ҲûġӢ۾˵Ҫ׽,Ϳ϶ġ
Ӣ۾һ㣬˶֪
˻𳵡黨ܷһЩ˿Ķ
ξԣǻϸ顣
ˣɳϾһ,,˯Ӣߡ
˯ò,һҹǰΰ,ֱг,Ĳ΢΢ȥ
ȥˣҲ˯ˣɴഩ·,Ӣ緹
ӢǱ弦ζѬѵġ
˯ɵ۾,,˻ͷϴɫ컨壬ȻСǷӴˡ
ش·ԼˢϴȻӣҡҡڰߵ
̣
ӢǺܻͷֲԸͷ˵ͷԣÿϣͷҪᣬ񻪰ᣬٴεģҲ
ϲֶһһСһС˦÷ĸо
ȳԷˣҸᡣǰȥٻ̵ķȦƯ˼ýϡƶ뼦棬ӳ߳
ӢŵͷСӣӷŵһߣ¾Ϳʼ档
Ỵ̈Сһȴһ㶼̣һߴһԵǽһ졣
극ƸӢͷ־׼ʱִȻӢһбȥ
Ӣг棬˦Сȣʣ壬ǻô°ΪɶץҰ𣿡
˯أ嶼ͨˣһϹȥ϶нˡ
־꣺һȷ
Ӣˮ۾ݵһʣɶ
־꣺Ǹǻеְǰ죬һںƽֳΣ˵ǰϾͿϼҰӵˣʱȥˣϵʱҲȥˡҲһһԷʱ䣬ͻϼҰӵ
ƽһֱںƽ֣ٻӢţҲԭġ
һֻۣһֻʱ̶źƽֵۡ
Ϊ죬صİ˽ƽ֣ƽһʱ佫Էһ
ںƽ֣ƽĿܻ᲻֪ͺƽֱгʦʶԣƽûвû
־ξ԰͵ƽ֣ƽһ۾ϳԷ޳ϰϱϵҲǱֵܡ
ӢȻء
־꣺ҽϳϼһѧǻˣϼһ˵ǰײǸˣ
ϼһȻû취ݸ˵òǣ˺ȴʶġ
ϼһݵָϣЩˡ
ϼһݵ˵ȻһʼĿӦϼһݣƫ˹һ󣬾ͻĿ꣬һôɵĻӢӡ
Ӣ⣬з紵ݶ¼ͻһֿܡ
ԣ־ƽûŪΪɶӽӢӡ
Ӣˣᰡһ
Ҫɶȸټһݽ㣬Ȼ׽ң
־꣺֪ڣӦҪ˶ãǾ֪Ŀˡ
־˵Ҫ˶ãȻûãѧһž˺ƽϼҰӵ꣬ˡ
ΪɶǴϼҴߵģΪƽŪΪ˲˰עŵҺסԺֱӰȥϼңϸ˵־꣬ϸϼһݵĻ׽סˣϸϽþץˡ
ϸһٹŮ˱ץֿǸӣͬΪӣ￩һ£ʱʲô
ϸòɣߦľߣӾͰһ٣Ȼĸȥֱ
ĸ˼Ͼɣɷ֪󣬵һʱ侹Ǳǰƽ³ȥ
˵ҪǱ֪ˣϼһݾû취ˡ
ϸƽĸĻЩ˼顣
֪˵ʲô𣿡ϸĸ⹷յ۸۹Ůֵܰæ˸׽ˣ۲ȥ෿Ѳɣ㻹˷ˣ
ĸ˵ŭ۾һС㣬С㣬ɶֶ֪۹Ů㱻۸𣬹ŮôСҪȥˣô˰
ϸ벻׷ϱߦһȻŲԼŮ˱ϴȥˣһȥ۹Ůƾɶˣֵܣҿŵˣȥ
ϸŭĸߵͷ˵㡣
˵ţ󲽳˰ӵꡣ
ĸϸȥ󣬶ʱˡ
ţ£զ͸ұأҪ˾һԺô찡
ƽſĸúܲ˼顣
úõĹŮզͲˣ
һû汻۸ȥôôˡ
ϸܿͰѾˣһѯһ£ͽ˸ȥ˾֣ƽһ˾ž˾֡
ϼӣھߺûãţˡ
˾֣컹ûʼѶƽס참죬ͬ־ܺɱʬйϵ
׼Ѷҵİ참죬Ųһ٣Ŀӵ䵽ƽϡ
ƽ񲻶㲻·óһ֤ݸ쿴
ͬ־ҽƽǰڲӵ
ʵںƽֱץģץסģץʱĿСֶŮ
ܲɣǰںƽֳֹٹϼҵŮʱûٳɹΪͬ¸պôˡҵλͬҲְӽֶŮʱ˳ͬЩȷϵʱ򣬾Ͱ͵˺ƽ֣ϼҹŮһ£ϼҹŮ˵Ǹˡ
ƽ߷棬ּ٣˵һ׽˵ľ˶٣ֵĿ궼ŮӣͱɽЩͬŶˣ죬ǳֶŮϼŮöǴɫ·
ƽô˵ΪʱѾȥסˡ
סһľӣװɫ·һ촩ĺɫȷ䣬һǶŻᴩĺӣһһɫȹӡ
ȹӣƽʱ˹ǣѡ˽졣
ƽһɫ·ʱ
׼ȥѶľ죬ҲȥˣƽȵһԼȥ칫ңѸղƽĻǵĴӳ
ǴӳһüͷһȥѲס
һѲ飬סҵ·һǻеŮʧ촩ĺɫȷ䣬һȹӣ;ݱɽṩĺȹӼһģһ
컹ʲô׵ġ
õ֤ݣص־ʼѶ
رǿʻһŲػǾܺ·ǰųϣǸʬֵġ
ʬҵˣȴҵ־ܽģѶ󣬾ӳҹȥһϼҺͷء
뵽˺ͷأǱߵľһӣȴֺͷؽ£ҲһɱʬǸʮϱ¶ʮĲż޵ˣ֮ǰҲ˼ɫİӡ
ߵʬ壬ںͷصƳǺﱻġʱʬѾͣͬ
ֶͬΣþ飬Ǿ֪ͬһΪ
еľӺͷػֶһѶһѶžͶ⿪ˡ
һԺɫõı̬ħצһܺʱģûһֱֻ롣£ؼҹʱɱ˵һ֮ܺڵĶħͱͷ˳
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һɱˣɱ˵˷ܻҲǺµġʱȥԽԽɱ·ŮʱֿС
ָоһ𣬾ѹֲסˡ
еǸŮô󻹱ˡɱŮ̬ؾãȻǴ£ŮûδŮãδŮ־Ľ˷ܡ
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Ŷðȥƽϱʱֿ糿ź·ȥϼһݡ
ϼһɲǣ
̫ϲŰɱŮĸоˣﵱ죬ȲŪ֡
ȴߵ塣Ÿճ֣ͱ־Ӣײˡ
̬뷨ͨЩ
Ҫˣײƣ϶ͻʱЪ֡˭֪ȴģͷһűײƣڶϼҰӵ
ڶȥ̫ûϼһݡ
ȻûпϼһݣȴӢ
ϼһϲĹǰӢС㣬Ҳֻ㿴һ۶ѡֱ޳棬ϼһû·ʱĿꡣ
˷ܵѾһ죬Ҫйżһϼһݣ´
ܺÿôõŮҪǴ˺£϶ˡ
Ѷ󣬼屩ŭˡиʮľ䣬ϣͰ˸
ֻҲиرϲɫŮ
ףҲ֪ΪʲôеĵһܺߣϢʧԼˡ
һܺ߱죬øܺ߸̵Ľڣܺ˵ļңһȥӰСסˣһֱ浽СŮɵĿڡ
Ҳסڼ¥ŮӻԺŪȥķ䣬ȵҹŽŮתƵ˹ҵƬɽϡ
һֳɽ
ŮӱŰɱ󣬵ڶԼҲ÷ĺȹӣһ鲼Ůʬװϣﳵʬ˱ɽʬɽ
ʱȹӣþҴ˷
һ㣬ȴþǲˡ
һߣھǻûȫưʱ¿ԳɼһؼҵӢһƽõ˴𰸡
˵ڨԼ׽ԼĻȻǺ䶯ȫǵģɱʬֺӢСɵʱ
Сȭͷ󻵵Ҿ͸ôȭģͷ
ƽӢ߬ûͷȭͷʱ֪˵ɶˡ
־һЦ£õ㶯֣㲻Һķ룬ӢӣԺϻˣͳɡ
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־ûͬģʵбݣ¾ͱȱ̬ɱ˸鷳ý
˼ӽӢӣǾ͵ûɣӢӵǲѾĳЩ֪ˣǲˣʼӢˡ
ߣڲǲǱˡ
Ͼ֪ӢӴڵ˲࣬Ӣһ¶ݣɾ֤мͽˡ
ʿɾͱˣʱѪֻ࡭
Ӣ壬˵ˡȭͷС첲ȥ˼ҡ
¿Ҳúܺã͵һȴӢ꼶еڶ񻪺Ͱһѧ
Ǳ죬ڶ̨ԼŮ
ŮرڰһûɶڸУϿ¿ζǶһˡͬѧûſˣΨһʼ˵رС۾ֻСһɶӵġ
ƫôһˣȴǴ붼û뵽ѧԡ
¿ɼһ￴ŮͱˣȻӢҲû£Ǳ;Сǰ࣬ɼһһȺͬѧͬʱһ
û취ͬˣ鲻ܽܣ߰ġĪģۡ
Ӣ˼ʱ˼ҵ˶ڡ
˼һϳк󣬾͸һ˳Щס߳﷿ӣΪ˶ӶϱסϰҲǿţû˵¡
źɻż֯һë££
꣬֯ë£źɻɣǺ󣬸ھѧѧˡ
ⲻתˣ˼˼ëߣ֮Ｘ֯·
ǼƷë£Ǹ֯ġ
ӢӣզûؼңӢһ˼ң񻪾ͿСѾͷЩãɻæǰȥǣסӢ
Ӣ̧С죬ؿ񻪡
񻪼Сģ֪СѾͷ鲻ãźɻ˵һӢԼķ䡣
զˣ˭ˡ񻪵ʡ
ӢСԴһҡûϸټһݽĻ׽סˣǸǸ̬
СѾͷСһţ޷޵ذѸղƽ˵Ļ˵
Ӣʵ󶮣ΪɶɵĻº󣬻ô
;ãеǸĽ̫ˡ
ûӢ˵Ӣ˵ʱ䡣
ӢҲҪôֻǲˣ˵˵ѣ߶߶߶ԼĲȫ꣬Ƶؿںùˡ
񻪼ӢɫˣӢӲѾץסˣɱ˳϶ǹӣܲġ
Ӣͷ۽һɨɨ쾹ȫں۾һۣˣҵûȥˡ
񻪣ȥɡ
ӢһͷС֣뿪˼ҡ
һԺӣ־Ժ³̣Ӣؽ־꣬ȻСܻҡ
־ӢݺתԺ
°꣬骵ĳҲ죬ԽԽææʱ϶ܻؼˣӣղڿڼӶˣҲ鷳ңղҲǿӡ
ʵܹǰæӵġĺ̫ͻȻЩˣܹ̫иһҳסֻżп˲Žһˡ
ա
־º־Ի־վĩȥһˣֵӢҪҪȥ
ӢҲȥʰʰ׼ǻȥˣ̤ţͱ־꺰סˡ
־ӢԼ˻е쵼ѵԷһͼֽȥǸ쵼еûпԷһ
ӢһԷһʱΪˡ
ؼҿ̣ҲȥҴ̡
ӢӣȻٻȥɣĩүʱӦöȥĩٻȥ־¿СѾͷüͷ˽ᣬ֪ѡˣһţæѡ
үգզ֪Ӣ۾һɻʡ
־£Ϊүǰ̫ǰָү࿴һ̣ԼãĩүҳԷ˳ү
ֿһ̣Ӣˡ
ǵϴү࿴̣꣬ⶼȥˣ̫զˡ
̫үɣϴ˵࿴Ƕӱ湫ܵģš־½͵
Ǳߣ̫иǸ˼ңǵú幫䵽Ӣͷϣ͵ú˼ұ湫ˡ
ǳɣĩٻȥ
Ӣ־ô˵Ҳ˻ȥͷԺ־·ֿȥ˼ҳ񻪸ϣ־һȥɽҵ
˹ҵӢһͷԼĹңѵԷһͼ͸Ȼ׼һȥе쵼
ƺξԶ׼һȥ
Ӣеʧ䣬£ͳͳҲġ
ԣԺ󳤴ˣʲô˶ɣȴɡӢͷο
Ӣ̫Сˣ߹ҸۼĹɣŪģȴǲУȻ˵
ŶҲȥˡӢյشԴ
Ȼ⣬еʧ䡣
ͳͳɶʱܳˡ
񻪼ӢʱеСѾͷˣ̧ͷƵ̣ӢӰɡ
Ƶͷţڰ칫ҵҾͳɣӢӣɶᣬһ̸
ӢԣСԴһת񻪡
£Ȼ񻪽㡣񻪽϶ǲŲԿ
üͷһԷһǰʮ̨ΪӢṩͼı꣬⣬Ժÿȥһ̨һ͵øӢʮɡ˫ĺãԺַһ߿ṩĵӼŻеܡ
̣ǵø˵һͼֻֽǳ棬ԺˣԷһõĹҵϣһֻܼеĽɱ
ĵԷһѾõػϣֻеЧرߣ֮ԻûдֻеȫǽڵĵԷһ̫󣬾ӪλҲ᲻
Ͼе綯һƷҲһҪõԷһ
ɱͣǹڵԷһгȻᱻڻеռ졣
ţڻе쵼ôû۹⣬һ㡣
Ӣ񻪵Ļ۾ݵһ·ҲɥˣСԵ͵㣬ԶԶԣԸģԺڻеֵԷһҶԷһĻ޸ġ
˵񻪽Ȼɶû˵񻪾Ͷˡ
һɲܸģ笷ĵһ㣬ԸĳһЩƵĻ
ףӢ񻪵˼
ξԵ˵㣬˱Źİһȥ˸ڻеλ쵼
ȴĥˣƺξǰŲߣӢ;Լ˺þúþã񻪿СһЩͷתע˵־ɵ¡
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⻰һ˵Ӣעʱתƣ񻪣ղ־ɸ硣
֪־ɸڳֳɲãװǰЩûദ϶ҲΡ
ǳֳϲεţ绻
ûشӢ⣬óСʼСд
ӢӣԺ϶ҪµģԺ󲻶ᷢչʲôӣ⳧ȻһʼķչȴٲṩĵԷһкǿأԺҲæУԣǵóųӻڣ˻һ
Ӣˡ
񻪣ʮ̨Էһ㹻ºüСռˣԺӯԼɵķʽռĳɣռɣһںǿҲףռɡʣµһɣʱ֣ȵԺʽˣһɣԺĹ㡣
Ӣں۾һʮ̨Ӿͷĳɣ᲻̫ˣ
ӢǸжǮ
ϴӺǴñӶ񻪽ִһ£˵ǧ顣
ǿǾ󡭡
ͷǧǱʴǮܴܴǮҪǶϣܴԺ񻪽ģֻ࡭
񻪰ѳӷֳɻӢ󣬵õġúоӵ£Һ㣬㲻òģԺǮͳɡ
ĵǮͳɣӢ۾ڷ
ţ̫ˣ̫ˣ˵񻪽㣬϶Ǯ񻪽ðһ¾ͷĳɡ
ˣԺ϶ǮӡҪӸ̺үס
ӢеƮˡ
񻪣ԣǮͳɡ־ɸ磬ֵĳһֱûҵʺϵܣ־ɸ翴ţԺӰȥǣȥǹܳӣ˵ǰͷ־ɸϳӵĽŲûɶģûˣǻỻˡ
Ӣͷţͷ˵
Ҳøϣͷҵ־ɸ翴Ȼ󡭡Ȼô̽ôˣ̿ɻˣô̶ܹܵù
Ӣ˵δ£ʱƺξҲˡ
ˣŲ죬ϻЦӢһӣ̸֪ˡ
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ȻҶǻеҲǹӪλǳͳ֮Ҳоġ
ڻеɲǵĵ⡣
Ӣûɶ
źͬǩģӢ򿪺ͬ濴£Ѻͬ񻪣š
һԼɵĶǮӢɸˣԷʱһ㡣
浽־ʹӢ׼ؼˡ
ģԻȥʱҲֻȥ
Ӣ鲻ڳʱ۾Ŵ⣬˫ȴһֱ˵ػεš
Ӣۼ⣬治˵˵
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ȥʱһԱߵ񻪡
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ӢԴٿȻһת۾Ӣһ˳⡣
һۿȥʶͽĿбһҹӪλϡλ⣬һ˶ʳڵӣڵλǰͷ΢ţƺԥҪҪλȥ
ʻǰУ񻪿˼ʮˣӾͳ׿·
ˣӢ˻ҲĿ˳
Ӣתͷе㵣ĵغһ񻪣񻪽㡭
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⿪ѧһˣع˵԰̣ȴǵڶûУҲ񻪽ͱ˲һҪСѣͿʼ˼ˡ
˿Ӣӣ۾͵ûɣȥ󣬱Ұ˵
Ӣͷ
Ȼ۾һֱ飬ʮӾ͵һ񻪣񻪽ˡ
Щƣⷳƣȴһֱ͵СѾͷûˡ
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͵鱻ץӢһ㶼ΣŲΪʩң԰̡þˣôãѵûϵ£
һ٣صĺæɡ
˵⻰񻪾ʹͷٿˡ
ӢһڣͺˡޣԼ˵ˣ񻪽ˡ
ӢҲˣСĬػ˺ƽ֡
еǾסġ
ǰǸ̤ϣţһĸüĿ͸żˬŮӣ͸߽˽ֵ
񻪡ŮһֵͿǰŵС
εиһСϡƬ̺üһչ캰һ
Լ֣ʶתͷؿ
һȥͿרעϵŮӡ
񻪽Ųһ٣ôؿͷӢڼŮɲǣСһţϲغ԰̡


86 
Ҷĳ,Ӣر⡣
գգۣ˳ߵС㣬ֲͷ,˿Ҷ
ĸŮĬؿŶԷжת顣
ӢС۾Ѱ˼һ,Ȼ־ˣѿռǡ
񻪽԰̿϶кܶ໰Ҫ˵ͳͳǲҪˡ
ֵ,Ҷɬ΢Ц,ߵǰ,۾ƽӣ,衣
ڶ衯΢Ĳ
ܵͺᡭ
񻪴һ衯У˶ԷΡ
ԼҲǸŮ裬仰һ,Ī,ۿͺˡ
ǰԱƬ,ĿڶԷ,衭
һ£Ҷؿڷ·𱻴һ,۵ȫ
Ҳѹֲס͵һѣ񻪽ս˻
,񻪵ı,ĵ۾,ʱˮ
񻪣񻪣Բ㡣ҶƲסһ裬ԽٿƲסԼ
˻ƵѹһĸΡ
СҶļϣûУûжԲҡ
Ҷۣôر񻪣֪˶ãƽȥ
Զ־ԺǿôµӢӵһСҶ˵ͬʱЩɬ
أ񻪽ˡ
ٲ񻪽Ҫˡ
壬ǻȥɡӢСӡ
־꿴۾ЩСѾͷţ߳ԷɣŹǡ
Ӣ̧ͷһҪ㣬ģ
ͳͳˣҪһ㡣
ɣһȥ򡣡
־ۿ˿ֵϵĸŮǣӢԺ
ԺŹǰӢֹԴǱ߳˳ȻС˵СУԺŸϡ
ֵϣҶסԼɿ񻪣Ŀרעϣƺʧȥļ꣬ȫ㣬ø档
Ƭ̺ǣס񻪵֣񻪣ȥɡ
Ҷ˵衯֣ؿֳʹһ¡
ŮֻһģȻ˵Ĳ£Ůһ衣
裬ȥʼɱˣΪŮ˼һġ
ûǼҺģСﲻô
ҶʵǺ޵ģŮû롭
ûΪѾˡ
ͬʱֺԼ겻Լ⣬СôᱻʩǸӣ߱ߡ
ԼϹ̵ۣˡ
Ҫʩ޷СôƤӵ±ߡ
µҶѾ£ˡ
Ĵ߰ǰͨ죬ȷʵĨ˺öȴûֹˡ
ѾҵڻվʩСƱԱҲҵ˵ҽԺʩСĻʿ
ʩСȴ©ʱʩҲǸӣ»ܡ
ʱẦ¡벻ҪСϵľ«õ
ҲÿǸС«ûС«Сһӣû취ϡ
Ҷ鸴ӣһȥ˼ҡĵһըը˼㱡
˼֪һȻѾй׼浱Ҷǣ߽Ժʱɺܲζ
񻪿ǵ׹Ůĺӣº֪䲻ѳš
źɻԺǳɫһʣǸ̻ҪڵŮӣ￩һ£ùŮӣסˡ
иôɫ裬ͺũȣʲô˼Ů
˼۾ˣźɻһãŮҪˡ
˺ҲУ֪զŪˡ
裬ˣǰӳ԰ɡĿӰְ裬ѿɫ֪ڵʲôˡ
һЦסһȵغһźɻ
裬һעȪʱסźɻҵ
źɻвûˡ
һ䣬ŚGúãǳԽӣҰŪ۷ţһߦ档
̣㹽ڵĽӣۼһЩӹĸɻˮȻҰֺö硣
񻪷·ûп̺һĺһҪԵûһ˿ԥͽ˵˳
񻪺GһúãȥŪһ
˵ţֿҶȻ˳
źɻЩִٵҶӣ
ҶźɻЦЦȻǣ񻪣źɻݡ
źɻҶݺת˺֣ȥǱߣŪҶ
裬һͺǲһǼҺᣬûɶдġ
Ҷ״æŴ㣬ãã׿ˮͳɡ
źɻGãǾͰ׿ˮ
Ŵ㣬ˣ֪ϢôãȴһֱûʱǣʵǱǸ
Ҷڳ֮ǰɽķԺԱЩ꣬ûٺϰմ򽻴սʱһʱûӦù񻪰ӶˣҪⲻΣЩͰ׻ˡ
ⲻһûʱǣ񻪣˲˫Ĺϵ
źɻǸɴµˣܳһˣѾˡ
ҶҲһˣ񻪵Ҫ˵ǣҰһӶ
źɻҶ˵񻪣ҲûղôִˣԱߵˮƿҶһˮʣӣ񻪵𣿡
衭һߣźɻ񻪣Ȼһźɻ
񻪲˵⡣
Ȼѡ񣬻øϵܣ뿪ļң衢̺Ͱֶġ
ңҲԸ뿪˼ҡ
δѻᣬϱΪͶġ
סԺǰ֪꣬ԼˣȴһֱûһΪŮʱЩȥҽԺܶһЩꡣ
ĸסʵܵǸˣΪĸŮͬ·
ϱӣ϶ҲѰѰԼŮһֻ֪ѡ
֪뷨ĸܲƽǡ
ѡϣһһǶ裬ץסʱĺԼŬ˫궼ҸҲκź
źɻ񻪣ʵΰ
ԼӽһôҲ߹ŮڡǸõģҪǺΪѵֻ񻪡
Ȼһ㶼񻪸ߡ
һʱˣҲǿ۽ˡ費򵥣񻪸ߣ϶ȸͺǰ;
һ㣬Ļһ㶼Ϊ롣
裬Ҷһ˲ѡ
ҶﻮˣͻһЦŴ˵ɶأ˵ܾʹ߰Ŵ㣬ҹ⣬ൽ꣬ҾҪˣҿûʱչ񻪣㿴񻪸𣿡
Ҷһ˿ټźɻ񻪻ʱŵģؾͷ¡
Ҫ˰ɣ㰲Ĺǻչ˺񻪵ģԺˣֻ￴񻪾ͳɡźɻҶ˵ȥæ˵
ҶGһͲ̸ˡ
Ůߣźɻʱˣ񻪴ҶȥԼŲȥ˳
һȥźɻС˵񻪲ߣղԼ˵꣬Ҫˣûʱտ񻪣񻪾͸ǡ
ɶҪˡ
۵ϱĻ㣬һüͷܰòҵŮȴֲҪȥĪǣˣ
զģôãɶˣ
Ҳ棬ղŻ񻪱ҶҪߣһҶˣֺòζˣԼŮˡ
ôìܵ飬Ҳû˭ˡ
źɻҿǣԼҴǸбµģܱУȥѧ밡һΪԼ˽£ͷϵĹҿĺæ
ƲƲ죺Ͳãһ᲻ء
˵̶˶٣ʣװأǸɶ
źɻһ㣺ûʡ
̣ͷҸʱ̽һ̽費ˣװˣ鷳ˡ
źɻɣͷʡ
źɻϱڳ̸Ż񻪺ҶӵһŴϣ˵Щ¡
񻪸Ҷ˸ĸܺã뿪ǡߣԺлˣȥҶ
ҶôµĹŮ︴һƬҲ˵ûʱչѾͷ񣬲ǰߣߡ
򵥸˵һԼҵ
ղ˵ԼһˣԼ׸
Լãͽ㶼Ǳ߾һսҽɩڹޣѧϰȽҽƼΪפӢ¹ݣ˾ʹҪЭ쵼ٽáĻƼȷĺ
ڹ⣬治ʺϴ񻪡
ΰ㰲Ĺһڹڵ֪ҶĹݣп
ȫû뵽ԼĸףȻǸ⽻ġ
ϱӣԼʧŮ֮ʹУûôע⽻ʱעһ£Ҳͨýʶˡ
񻪣ܴ죬Ӧ֪Ǳߵ˰ɣҶḧ񻪵ͷʡ
񻪵ͷ֪һЩȫ裬ܸҵô𣿡
ĸףƺҶźɻҶ裬źɻ衣
ĸʱ룬Ҳˡ
ҶܴĻῴ񻪵˼񻪺ʱ˸ôԳԼ
ҶɬһЦţ֪˵Ļ񻪣Ҳڣ̺ү㣬˵ʲôžͳɣҪʩңӦǣǾܾˣ棬ܾǵҪ󡣡
裬ҵǱ׵ǰ޶Ķ𣿡Ҷʡ
ҶǰɣǱʩ߲ģʩ֮Իᶪ㣬ġ
ʩ΢㡣
Ҷ㸸ǰĶӡ񻪣ϸѾ㸸ˣУһ㣬ǣ׼ĸ硣
꣬ʮʩ㱧ߣºյʱ㱻ߵĻʿûʿڡΪȻƲϹӣȴ͵ӡ
ҶԼ鵽񻪡
񻪻ĻСܴȫѣʩǶӲ֪˶١
˼
Ůô£ҶοᡣΪĳɳûв
˵ʩңҶʩ¡
ϸ£ʩü֪СĵϢͱʩ׿ΪϢʩ˺˱ٵܰʼ
ֵԺ֪ʩ׿ǸӺӶסˡ
֮ǰʩ͵С֤˦ʩ׿ϣһֽϣֱӶİ칫ϡ
ʩ׿͵СĲǰޣĺöӡĸӺʹʧŮ߰꣬
Ŷˣ˦Щ֤ݵӣܲɺϣʩʮյڶ졣
ʮ꣬ҲǳˣΪԼǰ¸ˡ
һ֤ݣڹʰȻ󲨡
Ϊ̫ˡ
ʮĺӣĸĽ£͵Լͬĸã䶪ֱǺš
һֱƱҶǵߵҲ׳ٱţճӾźʩ׿֤ʱǲҪЫ
Щ֤һʩ׿ʱŭۣݴʩһ٣رңҽԺ
ǲ¡
һĺޡ
ڣѾץˡ
ʩ͵ʱʮ꣬Ҳ֪ôʱû׽ˡ
û׽ˣҲܸ
ϾڻûĲɹ涨СӷͲøεġ
ӣǷеģӶҲбľԣתƵС
һΣһҪѵϵʹ࣬ͨͨǡ
ҶĻ͸΢
붼ûˣͬĸĴ硣
֪ˣҲûɶ
ʩǸ̯ӣûȥӴҲ֪ǸҲá
ⱲӺææû˼ȥһӾܺĸϲžۣ㹻
Ҷ˵껰˶٣㲻ùܣúѧͳɡˣĩе߰ɡ
񻪣ð
ĸŮ˵һ棬źɻԷ
ĸŮݣ˫³İΣ˵Цس˶ٷȻԺҹ΢ķ磬˵˴ҹĻ
ա
񻪷е£Ҷڳһ죬һ죬ֻĸŮûˡ
һһҹദĸŮİϤֱʱ϶Ц
ǵЦûܳڶ졣
̫䣬˿˿⣬ѵһΣһһС˵񻪣պҶ߻غƽ֣Ϳڽֿڣһ㲵ʩĸ
񻪲ʶʩĸһʼûע⵽Ҷͣ½ŲĿ䵽ʩĸϺź֪֣ǰ澹վһš
ϡüͷŵ꣬һ֪¡
ƺҲ裬һͷ۾ͶϣҲϵЦ鵭ؿǸš
˸һǱߣŷ·ʲôȣ˹
ʩĸҶһ£ûסƣĽŲҶߣҶôûܺİɡ
ʩĸһҶüͷڣʦĸѾʩ׿ˡ
ҶʦĸһԱߵ񻪣ʱ֪ǰ˵ݡ
ˣӦþѪԵϵ̵ġ
ʦĸֻɣҲûɶΪʩǾ˰ɡʩϣ룬ҺûʲôĵġҶ
˵껰Ҷ֣Լ
ʩĸҶĶͷĿ䵽ϡԼҴʱʩĸʱʲô
ǵۣȻһĵϾͲ˲š
죬뺰񻪣Сȴ·˺㣬ô
ӣʩҶԲ
ʩҵʲôŶ
ʩĸ鷺࣬˱۾ǿԼ񻪣תҶҶ֪ʩҶԲСҺʦû㡣ɵ׹Ҳ㿴ųģʮ꣬ҪˣһͻˡʦĸϣܲܲҪ߹
ҶʩĸʩϵĮת⣬ĿֱʩĸʦĸҲʩҹһءʩСûʮĺӣѾ˸еǷǹۡǼ꣬ûԲʩģҶѳôرҵģҾ꣬Ҳ֪ңء
Ҷ˵˻˿ˣ˵ЩѾûʲôˣֻֽ֪С͵߲ġ


87 
ʩĸźصҶ,۵׵ϣ𽥱ʧ棬·𱻳˰㣬Ͳϵ,һɲǱøϡ
ʦĸȥɡǰ̬͵ˣҶӡ
Ҷ,û𣿡ʩĸģ۾ؿҶ
Ҷ̧ͷֱʩĸ,ʣʦĸ,,𣿡
ҶĻһȥʩĸŲһ,Щûվס
ûС
ͬûһ˿ء
Ůծʩӣ˴,,ҲиĻᡣ
,ȴܸġǰҶ
ƫϱ̫,Էҵġ
ϱС,֪жͣжϡ
ʧŮ֮ʹ,ѲϾܹвȵˡ
զͱǸŮĸء
,,
ʩĸ̾˿΢תεһʲôû˵ƣǵ뿪˺ƽ֡
ҶĿ뿪Ҳ̾
ʩչûԵݣɡ
Ҷʩĸ֣ǣ񻪣Ĭ˼ȥ
衭񻪿ԵȥҶ̧ͷһ
ҶŮĺһЦ񻪣ղǸ̡̺үǸˣȻϣǻʩңǣҲȥǺޡ˼ϲϡ࣬άֱϵһס
񻪣Ҳޡ
ȷʵޣ޹ؽҪ˰ˡ
Ҷ񻪵ԴЦЦүҵʦܾǰʩҺԼھӣ⹫Ź磬˺;裬ģǺæʱ򣬾ͻү̿ŵҡ
Сʱ򲻶£ű˺үʦҲ͸űһˣŽţǾʦʦĸү̶ǺвŻˣǰ׶ѧν̣һһ
Ǻأ̧ͷʡ
Ҷ򵥸˵һʩҵĹϵĶп컯ŪˣʱĻ֪󣬻͸ڼҵĴΪޡ
Щ꣬ү֪ʶӣӲùǱٱ·ŵУ㸸׵ѹУչˡҵס㸸׸ڣҹϵãôæǾʹ֣չµӡ
Ҷ˵Ъ˵ˡ
ڼҵʦֻ֣ʺʦ֣ʺɷ򡭡
Сﱻ͵£дʩдʩ׿ͬдңĴ
ûǰ޵Ĺϵôһ㶼޹
ңҲд
񻪼ҶԸҲȥ׷ʣĸŮ·ʱҶȥ
˵ףĸŮлϣöСӢӡ
ҪӢۼ⣬緢ͷ಻ϱⲻ
棬үүĸŮԵٴġ
˽ҡ
ţΪش־ֵܻˣ屳˲ٶӢ̵
񻪽Ӣ۾ݵһʱ磬Сβһ񻪽ǰ񻪽Ŀʼ
Ҷݣղ˵˻
ҵŮöλͬ־æŮ֪ʲôʱһˡ
˵ŻӢں۾һϣ񻪡
̫˽ӢˣһС񣬾֪СѾͷˡҲûӢط䣬СؽԼ¸
ʩôôʮɣô͵СˣӢ
񻪵ǲôԾûɶóԾģҺһģȻ˵ʱĸҲôΪġΪңǸ׻һЩ裬ҲЩǸ͵ĺӣֻˣȻͻңټһֱ˵˵ˣͶˡ
Ӻô󰡣ӢǾš
Сӣеˣ˽ͺƽͻһ
Ӣ㣬뵽ƽʱͲˣɲǣʩôҲ֪ƽȴĻ
ƽûǻ滵
۸Ҽ㣬۸èè˵ƽˣСèСץˮС
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񻪽㣬԰𣿡Ӣͷʡ
񻪣ߣ׾Ҫˣһֲ֪Ҫܻң᲻ðְ衣
̡
ʮߵģ޲ʹͻȻˡǰʱ䣬ȥҽԺ壬뿴ǲʲôԼ
ҪеĻǰҽһ£ԺͻȻȴ̳۾⣬涼
Ҳ˵ߵġ
뵽˴̫ͷԱߵСѾͷӢ˵
ŵߣãֱ졣
Щ»ǲҪ˵ˡ
СѾͷ̫˵ˣ϶ܴĻµĳЩ£ڿʼҪˡ
ˣǲ˵ˣˣܹһ졣
㲻ߣãһҪ԰ءӢ񻪲ߣʱˡ
С˵Ż棬Ҷղ˵˻󣬾ͺ񻪻ؼˡ
ĸŮصң˼ںгسȵ񻪻ϢҶҵ˺ޣظǣ񻪻ʩҡ
ԼĸŮʩҵľ˺ޣҶ񻪾Ǹ˼ҷޣȻصʩҺá
ʩʩĸʩ׿Σȥ˲ԿǼиʩ񡭡
ʩӣĸеһȣǻصʩң϶ʩ񴦲Ůһ£Ժػ⡣
Ȼʩף񻪺ССͣԼһݼҵҪʩҵǷףˣҲҪʩҵ
ԼҲʩҲɩڶûкӣԺҲˣ͸ᣬһ˵ҵϣûмˣ͸ɩнԺ󶼻񻪵ģЩʩһҲ
ʩҵһУ񻪶Ҫ
ҪϣͶϵó׵ףֻкʩûһ˿ϵδʩҲûнڣָ񻪵Ĳǡ
Ϊûʸ񻪣˼񻪡
˻Ŀ湻ģӣЩһû˵񻪵걻Ҵү񵽵ʱ򰡣һϢˣûˣҴү˵ڻվһһҹҪҴүƣ񻪾ûˡ
ǸͷԼ˭ҲӣǻӿɱѰˣԼһҶԲĻӻȥι
ҲֻӣûŮСĶӻģżȥӼ⣬ѺӸ˹ӡ
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ҶźɻĻкŮССһڱĵϣֶģ
۾˺죬ѹžĵۣźɻ֣Ŵ㣬Ҽϱӿ϶ǻ˺ö£ⱲӲЩˡ
ӣģ㿴ڶгϢŰأŪˣҲֻܶһ꣬͸Ƶܽ˳У۵øˣˣӻںͷءźɻҶҪޣæңæο
ˣֵİɣҺͺֻ񻪿õģʩҪ񻪣еǰ취ʰǡ
ҶҿرǿˣҲôһѹȥ
Gһźɻ뵽˰ҹŻȥŮߣʧõŮ˯ȥ
ڶһߵ룬񻪾ͱӢüһȥѧУҶŮԼĹİ˺гȥеķԺ
ҪȥݽһЩϣ˳һ£йʩ̡
ǰٷְܲģʩȴЩ鷳ѳ꣬͵ʱȴʮ꣬ĸ߷ԺǰûϹθʩ̡
ҶԺſڣΪѾǺˣ룬ȴ˱硣
Ժſڴʩһ
ʩûߣѾҶˣԣҲУʩǳҲҪġ
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ĸ׺ûھͰŪߣһİĵط첻Ӧеصزԡ
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ʩҩһԼ£ԼЩû취Ϊ𡣡
˵ţʩ̧ۣ鲻ʩʣ֪£Ǵ𣿡
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ȥѧϰѧɹ,ñЧϻǰҶһֱ񻪣С˵,񻪵
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Ȼ֪Լû취ʱһ,浽Ҫʱ̲סˡ
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ϱӣһֱʮ꣬ÿһ׶ζڶɽ١ճͱû衣ˣϹˣŮˡȻһӵıղ꣬İְҲˣԼ
ӣ̫ˡ
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ΪɶըŹǡ
ǵųԷСеľŹǣŹУģըִըŹǡ
ըŹǳƽͳ躢ӵģըŹǶ˸Ӣȳԡ
ڳԶϣӢûɶһ˵Źǣͻغ񻪿
Ҳ֪ǲǸ˹󣬻ùˣŹǵС붼û뵽ǾȻĿŹǣ
û
Ӣһţһţǰһġ
ǿŰݣӢСľˡҲµúܣһӢӺ񶼵˻ˡ
Ƭ̺Ӣˮ۾һҪˣ壬ݶˡ
ɶݶˣƽһùͳ˳
Ӣںһ塯ˡ
ͳͳе壬ô˺ȴɡ塮ˣ
ƽ죬ϵǿ
һƽʱ֪СѾͷⲻǶϵǻˣû£ݣݳͺˡ
Ӣͷ
ƽͷ
Ӣͷͬһݵ񻪣۾̻Ҳ
ӢһȥСһϣ˵ˡ
ˣֶֺ֢Уӽ쿪ʼݲͳͳͲڣЦ
񻪣ˣû£Ҫ˼ܳˡӢӣûؼң̸㶪ݶȥ
ӢԺΪɶ
񻪣֪Ƕôģţȥ磬绻϶Ҳߴġ
ӢԺˡ
գգۣҲûȤٳŹˣֺһ塮װŹǵƽȻԼݻؼˡҲûƽҲݻȥˡ
ӢؼңȻһ˵ˣ˵ݶĶùֱ׵˷ϡ
ˣӣԺݾͻ᳤İװ׾رÿ֡
ӢԺΪɶ
ɶ
ķĿѧͳͳզ֪
骣Ϊɶһġ
Ӣ
ⲻǿѧ
ˣӢϲ߶߶СͻȻͲˣܲ˵Ͳ˵
Ϊ֣˵е©硣
һ©磬Ͳ׼˵ܻܵѸ־꣬ˡ塯
ֲ̫ˣ
Ӣ񻪻ݣڼûɶ粨ѧУֳˡ
ֵ󣬺ƽӣȫҳˡ
Ǽ¿ɼСѹͷЦӢ˵©磬ѧǷ
ⲨģչֻҪзɻɹͻһһ
һܵӢߣָϵķɻӢԱߴ󺰣Ӣһҹȥˡ
ĳӢܲأתͷȥǸ״
ֵñ۸ðһߣͺͳЦӢ˵©ɵͬѧˡ
ϼǿںֵرãǴܣԥȥæ
󣬴ŴţʹˣӢ񻪶ˡ
ֱܶµúܣ붼ûһ죬ȻСӢһܡ
һܣȻӢ߾ˣսرˣЦӢ񻪵ʮޣŴһ١
Ǻ޻֮
Ǵˬˣˬ˵Ľһҳˡ
骺˺ʦ칫ʱ붼ûһ죬ԼǹɶµĹŮͱͬѧܡ
Ǹر𻤶̵ģȻе㲻˼飬칫Һ󣬻ȷ˵ʦҼҺӺܹԵģرӢӣûִˣȺͬѧɶӢӴˣ
һߣ˺ҲѽҼ񻪿ɶˣĿܴ˰϶ɶС˵ġ
ʦ
̫ˣû취ˡ
ۣҲûɶ˵ݵ¡
骣ʦһͲµԭˣȺģǳЦǻݰɣ
ӢӺ񻪲߰꣬ݲǺĪǣǾûˣ
ڰ칫Һ۹ͨ⣬ʮļҳȰ칫˽ͼ嶯ִˡ
ֻΪѧУ˵ԼҲޣǱͬ꼶¿һĸǴģ˵ΪԼ޳ЦС˵©硣
£һ꼶ļҳûһ֪ġ
˾;ã߰ϳһˣ˼¿˸һڶɼõͬѧڴԴͬѧ⻷ԼҶ۸ͬѧñ˼ҵĸ
ǻʦѧУˣˣ򣬴ǲҵƤΪֹ
ò˵ͷĺңҳǵĽձǿӣļҳ治࡭


89 
칫,վѧһһվһ,رۡ
߹ʦͬѧ̲סһۣƫ,ȺվģǼȫڱԼҴԴ
ѧ,۵,ġ
ͳһαҳ,Ӣͺ£ƫԱ߻ʮڴС,ˣԴ
Ӣ۾㣬ػɣͬѧǻ᲻ᱻɵ
һȺͬѧ͸Ǵ,ͷҪ,ӢСͨͨͣ,ͻȻ,ҲҪĸо
ӢŲӣ˫ŲŲ,һֱŲ󣬰Լһ
ܿ칫骸˺ͳˣû̸ɶ,Ϊ˶ΪǴ,϶ԼҹŮǳġ
δ¼,űһļҳ֮⵹ʡʦ鷳ʦʮ壬вܵĺӶˡ
ѧУصңӢû£־º־ֵȴûܵõ
ֵûǰʰȴղʰˡ
ԭ䣬ֽűһĺҪغܶ࣬ûɶһ˱ĺô죿
ղ䣬ǴܳǿģǷġ
ӱղȥ׵ȽŴ·ƶֵֹġ
ƽּӣΨһûѰģϼǿʰˡ
ӢȻûҲѧˣٶִܣһַʽȺЦ˵©ͬѧԼ
Ǿǳɼ
Ӣʼ顣
ʵеѧˣѧƣʵˮƽԼ״ĸ׶Σ⼸ƣȴࡣ
֪ʶһӢϲġ
ġʷΡֻҪ֪ʶһȫɣһƶ¡
Ľÿ¿һܿ֡
ĳɼѳһ꼶ѧˡ
һСƨҲúܡ
ɼõļʼԷѧϰϣܰӢ꼶һıϸ
뷨ܺãȴ
ҷ֣棬ŬÿοԹֶܷӢһܴĺ蹵
ٷֵܳɼÿζһֶ£ȫõ
ɼȫǻ·
׷һʱ䣬ҷ֣ǰǶû취׷ϣĿһת񻪡
ѧʱ䳤񻪵ĳɼ𽥹ƽȻҲǳһ꼶ļķͨӵķˮƽ
ˣҲֻһͨˡ
ܴСѧ꼶ֱвΪϱӵľ˳кҲܸϽȣǱţȴҪѷɫܶࡣ
Ҳˣ˱˵Ŀꡣ
ѹر󣬾ҪǲŬ»ᱻһȺĺӸϳ
ǾҲûõȥӢֵѹˡ
ѹѹû
һǧܲǦߡԶ־º־ˣΪɶȴСѶӮˡ
ò˻ˡ
ǻָϣʦǹĿ࿴أȴСѹˡ
أĹ
ӢҲǻűԼѹȥһڵƤͬѧɸˡÿδ߾̧ͷͦغߺ
Ӣ⣬´ҿ϶Ӯ㡣иĴͬѧ˦ߺߺ߹Сͬѧˡ
ӢˣԴһᣬǷĵ´Ρ´ҲӮˣҸȡ
ͬѧ
Ҫ㲻
ѧǵʦǿϲַΧˡ
ӢйĿΪϱǷϵͳżǿһʱ䣬ѳġΡʷȫѧ꣬Ȼһͷ˸µѧС
ææµµѧϰУӢҲûԼ¡
Լļ̨ĿƼӰ죬࣬޷ͨȥռϢ
Ѿ˳磬ֻСķΧ硣
ȷԼ磬ֻڲͨͨ豸ֱ磬ҪڵĻеǳֳǾͲˡ
ǼļܴIPЭ飬û취ͨ
IPЭΪ绥ͨƵЭ飬ĵΪʹ㣬֮Эſͨ粢ݡע١
ûļ޷ռϢݣռôӢھŪһܷԼռϢ
Ӣæô磬һߣĪ־ȥһݴͼֽݣѱƼѧԺĽڳоھµʵ󣬴˹ڵһ̨΢ͼ
̨һʱ䶯ȫ
ֻΪ̨ĴĿǰõĴ̨һһ̨ļӲϵͳһ塣
ҲᣬϵͳӲȴʵʵȹҪȽһЩ
ϵͳĿǰڵ׶УӢдϵͳȴѾܹͬʱдüĴһЩļ
ô๤ƫ˼ҵĴȴܺܺõתҴҲȹһ׵Ĵֵ˲֪١
̨ùзˣ°͡
Ϊ΢ͼĺļһֱץû΢ͼĺļ벻׻ô΢ͼġ
ˣһ涼ȽЩԴر
һ̨΢ͼһͷļ´øʡߵ糧Ͷ΢ͼС
΢ͼĹؼǼɵ·뾧ܣпʴա
ԼĿʴգȻȲϹ⣬ҲãټӢͳǷݴͼֽʱ״ͣṩһݿʴռ
ݼ΢ʴʴ㹻ʴҪļɴ
һ׵ļṩô첻Լļ
ϲķƽ棬ӢһŲ֪
æŶ飬æžԼͬѧæδ硭
ڼӢֱҳˡ
ҳϴδܲһҳΪϿοС飬ҿĿ飬ʦǿ̫顭
ʦǾãСѾͷû⣬ֳԽ͵飬Щˡ
ÿѧÿһ׶ζڸý׶ε֪ʶ㣬ʦһսӢ߱һ¾ǸӢҳ̸̸ˡ
ӢСͬѧôͰȥѧͳɣûȥѧЩµ֪ʶȰĺá
ǣ骾ֱȥ۵İ칫ҡ
칫ؿ骣Ӣҳ֪ӳӢͬѧѾ㹻ŬˡӵȤԣЩ飬ûȥɣӢͬѧһЩٸ
˵ί񣬵ֻҪľó˵⵱ҳ̫ˣһСͬѧٴҲС̫ˣһԺ󲻰ô졣
骿ƹ飬òС
⣬骾Լ
û취ֻȥξԣĺһˣΪӢ鶼ĺƼģֻλпԺĽһˣ²ܽ͵
Ӣ
ˣӢھɥˡ
ξܹŸʮЩͱ߱ˣܲɥŹ֡
Ӣʦ˵ҪԼģûϵʦ̫ţ豻ʦ˰칫ң֣ͲûôҪûˡ
ֵе
ĺææϵһУͽӢʦ̸һ󣬼ʦҲӢϿοʲôˡ
ܣѧǰʻУŹٺֹʼ͵͵Ӣ
Ӣϲ飬ķϲΪͨ飬ܸĿԣԿ֪Ϣֶˡ
ʱ̣գ۾͵˺¡
Ӣ磬ûдһرḶ́һĸƷ϶дһ¡
ӢҪһܹͨͨѶЭɵļ磬ԭǽھϵģüͨϢֶΣüԶɹϢݡļעڡ
֪ⷽʶӢĿǰӴĶֻ򵥵Ļ
ٺ١
浹֪ⷽʶûھΪû̫緽֪ʶաһ̣ȫƾǼһһġ
ӢǸкĵģȫԼᱻһѵоС
ӢæŴʱ־ɴְˣ񻪵ñӳҲڿճ֣ѧϰˡ
־ɵûڳֳɶãǱߴ̫ˣֲԸθɣǵ󣬾ҵ񻪣񻪳ӻҪ˲
һֱ˰æӣȴʼûкʵѡмʵˣ٣æŶ飬ûӵʱ򣬳Ļ˽½׸ˣƫ˺źɻⷽ涼죬ڳûԼһ͵ˡ
˸˲һ£ͱ񻪱ץˡ
񻪾ûˣ־һ񻪣붼û룬־ɡ˵Ӣķݣ㣬õµԱˣңҲرߣڳֳĹʸһ
񻪡־ɡ㣬Ĭñӳ죬ҲԽԽ
Ӣ񻪵ùηֳˣֳʱûȡ񻪼ע볧ӣóܹø
Ҳ׵ʱƳһ³ǰЩ걱ļճƣȽϴ߸ˣЧȼպãǿҪ棬װһӵϵͳ
ӵֶöûճʱ򣬳רҵʿö˶ûŪ׵ӵɶ˼
˺ü飬Ҳףԭװ˶ǶˣΪ·ߵɽҲ·رʺ·
ںܶ಻ⷢңȴǺö඼ʳ¯һҵȻ󲨡
رǺǸ̫ң붼û뵽һӵȻڻоˡ
̫úܡ
ֻΪҲоӵо˲ǮһƳӵ⼸оȥǮһ˲ͻĭ
̲ˡ
ܲŹء
ƳӵӢʱ򵷹ĳĵһλ
λļʵ߶ˣںöߵ糧ܲٲ߶ˣҲǸ̫ûоɹ֮ǰƳġ
һƳоɹڻġ
̫ÿ϶ǻ͵ǵ뼼ָ𻪹͵ԡ
ָڹϴó˵ϵͳķչ벻ĵļȻ󡭡̫ƻˡ
̫ĵоõϵͳ¼ʻ켣õҪͼֶĿĵءעۡ
Ӣǽ˺ƯǣϵͳʵʱλŪĵӵ
кܴƫֻҪӣһе
λϵͳGPSλϵͳˡ
ͷGPSǻоУյһϵͳʱǵʮҲ˿գγһƳ׶λľǶλ
ȻһŪӵӢʱû֪
ȥѷ˷ңǣǵ͹ǣþǹ۲棬ȡңϢӵһĶλ³󣬹ⶼΪЯĵӵûңǶλ
ȻʵϣȴӢ˱Ūġ
׳ϣͬʱҲһļļĪ־ȥģξӢĸпݽȥļ
ӢڸװλʱξԸп˵ⶨλǺãȱҲܴΪǱ˼ҵǣǱߵϵͳ⵽ˣԸıϵͳָλͻ̱
ξԺ棬Ӣĸǡ
Ӣ˸֣Ȼ󡭡ûȻˣξѾ±Ƶûزˡ
ξǲģȻûڲˣЩ֪ģӢղ³Ǹ֣ҪûĻھжϣܾȷλǿǡ
ξ±ơ
ָ߿ƼĶֻ֪λϵͳӵеġ
֪ǰС㣬ô˼ҵľǶλŪϡ
ξ֪ȻҲˡ
Ӣشƽƽҿϣʮǰǵϵͳʹˡ
ʹãԺֻܴõĳضĶϣⷽ棬ҹƺûǩЭ顣ξԾ;ĺܡ
ӢѽãƵϵͳǽ׷٣ŪŪнŪ˰
д˸ϵͳٰϵͳõӵϣϵͳ׷پͳ˰ֻҪǸϵͳڽãĵһֱȥ
ȻץˣǾû취ˡ
ξԣ
죬û취ˡ
Ӣ˵꣬ҡͷ̾һпϵͳǺãײǳԼġ
ǲֹֻô򵥣öҵʵõҲǵ
һҵǿȴñ˵һ죬˲ˣһָȥϵͳͲ̱ˡ
Ķڱչ鲻Ǹ¡
ӢһпξԺʲôӢͻؼҺ󣬾ҹȥһݾȻӢĻ˵Ī־
Ī־һ˾۽ǳܱȡ
ξԻ㱨ݺϳ˼һϣڶԶ֣д˸ļרִ׶
Ȼļô鵽׳ϡ
׳ļݣҲǾ˺þáԴһ绰ȥĳʵңĳλоר뵽칫ң˹̸˺þã־һµʵ飬ļеĵڱʵˡ
ϵľ׼λȷʵΪơ
Ҳ˵׶λǵߣԸ㾫׼ܾ׼ǲԸ⡭ͻɷǮȫ̱
һʵϲ쵼ʱȻ
Ӣ˵ûöҵõĶǵҲ⣬ڣ⵼ûгκιϣΪء
װڹҼĶڱУ
˶һϲ쵼´˶йǷļļһüʡͿʼܽ췢̨ˣڽ̨ʱ򣬻Ҳʼëӹй켣
Щأ֪ȴ֪Ӣ˵ǵ֣һʼëӹǣ̽⵽ƵתЧʺ󣬶зġ
ǰ߹׼˼ҵ·ߣȻһڻľ˫öλϵͳҸǷΧȫʵġ
ȻЩӢǲ֪ġ
⣬ӢӭԼĵһĩԡ
һ죬⻹ǼԵģ˿ôӢ֪ȴرɣѿдˣſԴһ
ʵǲģκĩԣʦô
ԵʱһľߺУɶҲûԣֻ˷ʱ䷢ˡ
⣬ĩɼӢֿ˸һ
캮ҵ죬ïø֯һѧڲٳϿУᣬ˳ÿ꼶ǰʮ㽱ѧѧٽ
⽱ǴϷµģȸвͳĽ󣬾ֵһ꼶ˡ
һ꼶ǰʮӢǰռĸ񻪣пѧڶϽ̨ԼŮ¶һ־ԡ
־ԳӣβͿһ꼶ʮ
̨콱ʮˣߵİ˸־ˬ߸ˣľһεĺܡ
ȫͷվǰģС㡣
⻻˭˭Ρ
Ϊ⣬һȺãĽˡ
úܺõģƫǸ˲
һ͵ڶ̫ˡ
˲ˣӢˣ̧ͷͦؽӹУѧ״ȻУ˵ѧ϶ῼøá
һ콱ˣ
ãֶû£˸ᣬôá
ֲ̫ˣòǻ˰
꺮ҵӢʰʰ׼ʹ磬־־ջشˡǵһȥģΪϰϰ࣬ææõ¶ʮ߰˲ܻȥ
ҵļҾ߳һԸּҾ߶رϤڣõɽߵĹӪҾ߳ۺ졣
ҵĳԭӴģԴ˼ʡҾ߳ǵҾ߳Ǻ϶ˣʱʱһʵӣдɳģ¹ģֻҪľͷҾߣ
֮⣬ĽƼҾߵġ
ֶƼҾߵĹǮرߣҪһģܶʮűӴļˡ
Ӵһ飬ǲզԶˣѹ̸Ĺˣ˶ƺͼҾ߳ǵĻ
Ӵѧѧȴ¯
ĲᣬһأѵˡӴҪһֻиʻһƬг˲ĿǰģϾһʼǣͷ
Ĺ˾ѧ˱ӴҲ˽µһ£
ԣһ㲻ĳˣѧȥ
˺٣ӢСһ˦һ˦ػعˡ
巢չĲȻɽĴ񣬶ԼӪǾǣ
ӢûرɣҸһ￪ᣬ˵ȴ֮󣬾Ϳʼˣǰڷֻ֣ҪڻģͶء
ӢĬһ£ͻȻ;÷غûϵˡ
һ˿ˣֺǳﻧˣ񻧿ҲŹˣҵ󣬻ھתȥھֻү̵Ļڻڴ
ԣֻܷĸ˵ĵء
ũ˵ĸҼһǣǮһ̸أرˣڻûʼأ̸ĿطʣĿغ
ӢԴ￪ûȤ
ѽ״ѧڿԵľȻıȥ̫ȥˡ
լ´ЬףСݣԱ߿ݡ
ǰûϾֻһˣæ˵ĻæģڼŮˣȻҲҪġԱǼһĲ񷿸ŪŪĳȦȻſʱ򣬻ʮǮȥץֻС̻ι
ݹùãһˡӢһݣͳݺһ
̧ͷͣĻӢЦЦ
Ӣݽ㣬̫ȥ̫
ţջ˵ˮݺӢզ죬ӦһͷִЬס
ӢһԼľӣͽ̫˯ݡ
ũӲɹⲻã̫˯ݣΪ̫䣬Ӷˣܻ谵һݣӢȴ˵ơ
̫̫һˡ
˰̫ڵʱ򣬾֪ˡ
ԼѵŲŲͷݵӢ
ţ̫ˡӢվߣ̫ͷµ˸ͷȻߡ
̫ţãӢӣӢТˡ
̫̫ԽԽˣȢϱǻ˵ûǰˡ
̫㿴ֿһٷ֣õŽ״һţ꼶һţһѧġӢԼĽ״ó̯˸̫
̫ǰͲã͸ˣɶ
ɾ㿴ҲˣֺǺǵЦ
Ӣ̫̫꽱״ԼľӸ̫̫̫̫񲻺ãȿӾͷˡ
Ӣ̫̫˯˵ˡ
̫̫۾ǰӢӰֳһˣŶúúõĹŶ
˵ţ˼Ҿ˯˹ȥӢ̫̫ӣȻŹصƣ˷䡣
죬ӢֻҪһпգլ̫ûţͺ̫Ļ죬ûţ¿ݴЬ
¶ʮ죬骻ˣǰŻĻг
û˵ѧУ֯һʲôᣬһλѧ㣬һȥμӽˣԻزʮġ
СǣǸøɶ͸ɶĪģӢ;ãͼˣ·˲ɴһ
̫Ӣ˵Ӣúù꣬꣬ȷʵǺúùģ³賿լ߾
һ꣬Һҵţͷֱ͹Сݸÿˡ
̫ȴҹ꣬ˡ


90 
̫,Ӣһ֪ʲô
ʵӢǶġ
⼸꣬Ҳ˹Ѿʲô
鶮,ȴû취ᡣ
Ӣֻһʣ䵽ԼͷʱӢˡ
ؿһһʹ,۾޺ˡ
̫ദʱҲǱȽ϶ģ̫̫ÿ,Ӣ,Ӣӵĺ,ԺҲˡ
ɥ,Ӣ޵ôģ˵̫û
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ԺǰӢ۾̵·ôקǲ֡
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ӢһĶЩƲסʱʱҹߵСϵۿɼľȥ
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һֲεϵͳӢҳΪһŽϵͳһŽϵͳĺģǲȥȡIPͨͨѶߣֱӷʵIP
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˿룬һ̨ȫļγһӵ˼ˣֻҪһܷĳӡ
ĳ칫ǰڽ컪һ̨ͼˣطţǷݵݽı档
λͬ־ãݿ𣿡׳Ī־һһԣȻڷϿѧҡ
һܿһı䡣ݱѶȣڱᵽն˸ϣ񱨸˵нIPַӦϵķҪȫܳ档ڣʲôķתôķʣʵʱ
ֹϵͳ׳ĿǰǻûдֳתĲϵͳ
칫ѧ˵ϵͳ棬׳ľԱֱһݱˡ


92 
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ξֱӺĪ־ԻͨѶʽҵհϵͳ,ξԾϵĪ־ľԱ֪Ī־׶ƽͿ,ֱӰݹ̺ͱ͵׶
׶ңԶ˿ĳŵִ׶
ݸϵͳıرʱλڼ漰Ŀѧ,ǰһݱеĸ,ȻǷݱۺ,߶˵ĸϵͳ룬ȴЩǵ֪
΢ͼ仹ûڹ,ȴѾʹⶫˣĿǰõģǹĳ˾ļΪǿ,ڴ,,ҲýײͶ
ȵԲļ,Ҫ˼ͻռʱ,ϾͲǧ̨̨пǧ򡭡
ʲôĲϵͳôͬʱӪ,
λѧʱ벻,Ҳȥ롣
,ɸ롣
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Ī־̧ͷԼľԱʣξ棿
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Ī־תͷ򻪹׳ʣϯҪҪһ
׳ͷЦǿ϶üһλСͬ־ôͻȻŪⶫġ
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Ī־С龫ֵģҲ֪ΪɶȻŪⶫСԣȥξԺƽн׳
Ը꾯ԱĪ־תͷ׳ȥȥпλСرϲǣһݣֻųɿҺ⹫ʱС;ûͣǰ˵ƽ˵СѾͷûǳˣˣ̲ԡ
׳Ī־ĻһЦ䣬ڻݣÿһ£ҶҪǳ̫ǣûã˿ɵÿˡ
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׳߸Цһرá
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λѧҸղŻ˵ĲϵͳûдųȥӰϵͳ
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׳ξԣλСѧΪκȻˣ
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׳ԣŪ
Ϊ˷Լ޵УԼһ磬ò˵Сﻹԡ
ξԵͷţӢӳΪǻ֮ϵ磬ֻҪͨIPӣܷʲȡԴľǻĳϵͳӢ˵ֻϵͳϵͳЩӣĸϵͳ̨֮ǰȫд
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ҪҵӢЩ⼸Ź̺ͱ棬»Ҫһ²ܳ
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׳ԣЦЦηСﻹЩˣɰɣͻСȥģͷҸǾǱ¸ļѡһأǰ쳧Ӱɡ
ǵȻξ԰ѻСѾͷȥ˸ˡ˵Ī־׳칫ҡ
뿪дһξƽȻǣӢߵİҪһΡʱ䣬λԱӢ⣬ӢҪǿص£ǴӢ˵ʱ䣬ǿصļͻ͵
ξԺƽţҪʱξԼʵңֺСݼ˵СȻ׳ӢӺȱ֣ҪʺϵѡȥСѾͷΪдǸʲôϵͳݵñˡ
Ī־һ㣺ôأ
ξԵͷϾŰһ㣬ȴˣصĹӰ塣
Ī־ɣͷĥĥ
˵껰ξƽ׶ϢһڶͿˡ
УæŸϵͳдϵͳӢҲеоԲˡ
ӢԼ·еƮڵڶγֻþԼڷʱֹͣϵĹȻ˵ʵҡ
ҵ
ˣСѾӢһסˡ
ҵ붼û뵽ԼǸֻаСãô
ֱ
Ȼʹ˿֣Ҳô氡
칫ܹɳϣһ֯ë£һϸøӢɶóԵġ
ذǶԴһ̧Ϳ˹ȥ
һȥͼСŮƿذ壬ش
£æӢ߹ȥӢӣҪϢɣ
ܹһȦޣۡ
ɶϵͳôôˣŶãӢӸĳӡ
ϢٲϢҾҪˡ
ӢҡҡԴݺһѵذǺãͰԼˤɳһɳûͷƵģ̱ɳϡ
ɶ
ܹ㣬Ҳ֪뵽ɶ£ޣɶģϹ˵
û崻תˡӢ۾ſԴ
ܹգգۣӢɶ˼ˣֲǻܼĸɻϻţûɵģӢӣϢɡ
Ӣ£СţǸϢˣ̣˯һŹǣģϣúȡ
Ӣ˵źúȣ۾ȴǳױϣʱ䣬ʵ۵òᣬСһմɳ˹ȥ
йȥǰӢﻹţɶãǹЧ̫ˣۡҪϵͳǻᣬʱĹܴꡣ
̫ˡ
УԺһԼһܳϵͳû˸ɻֻ趯ͳˡ
Żû˵꣬˯ȥŮܹһһۡ
Сذɳϵë̺ӢϣȻ߳칫ҡ
ֵܣ㿴ŵӢӣȥгŹǣӢŹ
˰칫ңſڵ־ܹ꣬üͷ̾ȥ˰칫ҺһСƽ˸ӳ
칫ҺСƽԭϵġϸ²ŸģΪ˷ӢϢʱ򣬲ߡ
ļԺ칫еԶӢʱæԸŲʮȥԷǵ˰ѷ˵칫Ȼһ߳Էһ߿ͼֽ
ƼӣòɣĪһͰѺҸĳӢϢҡ
ĪбԭĪ־õܣΪЭƵġ
Ӣ£Ҳر
ϢĵطúӢ㲻զڰ칫ұ߳Էˡ
ΪܹÿԷĵ㣬׼ʱ칫ңϼҲϻȥ˵ӢʮСʱ˯ʱ䣬ÿֻгԷʱ䣬Ϣʱ䡣
ӢдϵͳѴǸŵˣȰҲȰסֻ뷽跨Ϣ
ܹʵе֪ԼСԹӵģһεҲǰԼһ죬Էû䣬ϲʱҲǿļҲ˵úܡ
Ӣ㣬һ˯˯ߵ㣬ͺȵԼȵĶ
극ܹӢҪʵң붼ûʰӢһȥߡ
Ӣûٽʵңȥİ£ٽʵҡ
ΪۣѾܵļޡȻʶ˺ϵͳǲһģϵͳû۲һ˵еתȴС
˱óԺ˯ãи壬Լ¡
Ӣ̻־̵꣬ߣҵи̯רС˵ģһ·̯ӣӢ˫ȾŲˣֳˡ
ܹأɶСѾͷﴹѸæǮˡ
ӢǺģԵĶձߵСһž˺öࡣ
ɢɢеԶߵ¶ǼһƬˡ
߽ͿһĲߣЩ΢΢Ůˣڷ¶ſڣֽ
ͦҵһֱţʼû
ŮˣӢϵãǷ¶ĺ硣Ӣʱææöûʱȥע£֪ҷɶŮ˽ˮ۾һͺ
۸¶ĻŮˣΪɶֻأ
λͬѧİְֻˣȻͺˣסڷչͬѧģͬѧܹӢһֱͬѧң룬ڵ
ܹǰǲ󰮺Ӣ˵ЩģΪ֪ԼСŮе㰮лİáСɶã˶䡣
һѵСѾͷԱȤ룬ɴתһעʱʲôϵͳˡ
ˣӢ¡
ﲻǻ¶İְð
ܹͷˣͬѧ۾ǲʹĻõģĿ󣬾͹ˡ
ܼ˵ǷȢʱŸ˵˴ӣֻҪѷ¶չ˺ãǸڶеĶӣḺ𣬻˵ֻҪܶǶѧóǮҲ
Ȼһʼ˵ˣΪɶҪôŰ¶㰡ӢԺˡ
嵽զģ
ȻǽףǸɶר˻չ¶㣿
һ㣬˵ӢɻˣסһƬˣҲɻĺܡ
۾ܻĽףɶҪǮȢŮ˻ؼŰԼҹŮ²Դײˣ
˵ɣ;Լԩ
ȢĻţȢǾԼˣԼˣôŶŮҲһЩɩ
ǰŮ£ҲǻǮɩչˣɩչ˵ÿϸˣŮúãɼҲرãܹԡ
ԣԴȢ˸νԼ˻
˭֪ϹûǸĺݵģڼңô۸Ů
Ĵ£˵һ굽ͷڼҴʱһ˫־ùǮȶзӣʱˣ޽ģȻΪĶˡȶӴ̶󣬾Ϳʼʹ˰ɶܻģĻˣɶ̲ġ
˵ܹͣˣû˵ȥˡ
ΪһﶼڻɣﻳģܲǷĺӣȻզ飬ôɴأ
¶ãǺܹ鲻ܲܰɡƫôɴ࣬ˣ˺ﻹ֡
һֱֿԶˣŸܵ֡
סȥǸŮˣɲӣϴ֣¶ֱһϴˮ
󣬻Ь
Ьʣҿɲİһͻĺӡ
ȻأӢں۾ؿ̡
ܹ𣺡ûȻ˰ͬѧĴ˲ͦͬѧģ֣Ӳͬѧ棬Լ
ӢŶһȻͷܹ̣ȥ¶档
ܹӢҪͬѧ棬æͷãһȥͬѧĴڰúúۼõúȫ͵ġ
˵ܹǣӢȥ
ܹھͰͲӢ棬ðɶϵͳͨͨ׵Ժȥá
Ժ⣬ˣŷҵĴţһڣȻ΢΢Ķӣгˡ
ǰŸߣţ·ǱߣʮŮˣֳŷ¶·Ǳ߹ˡ
¶㡭
Ӣֳһֳ࣬·һ̧ͷͿֳϵķ¶
Ӣ¶ʶһͿ²Сݵ÷·һ˵Ӣ
ȵغܣ˫۲ŵضӢϡ
ӢСԴһ㣬Ƴŷ¶ʣ¶㣬ôڲŷѧ
ѧУ綼ʮַѧզ¶ȴôŻ
ûʦҽ꼶ѧԻˡͬѧӢ¶ֳӢȥ
ﶢӢ˼ۣʦλСͬѧ˻治¶ɼӰѾҿʦ˵ˣλСͬѧˡ
¶ָˡ
Ȼ¶裬ȷȷʵʵ䵱ɫ
ȻԷ¶ãҲֻǷ¶飬¹ûǼٺã˼Ҵ¶ż¶Կúãǽһ¡
겻ڼңŮһڼҲȫɴ£ɩ˳չ˷¶
һ¿ʮǮĹʸɩңɩڼҸ˷ݹ
Եġסȫ˰ϰĹʻԼģ֮⣬һ»ʮǮɵ˲Ųɡ
ǸֶŮϴ·˿ʮ꣬Ÿɶ
áӢҴﺰһתͷ¶¶㣬ѧĿˣ
¶ͷûУʹѧ˳ʦ˵ҳһĶˣѧˣѧˡ
¶ķʦǳһһӢʦ
ʦǽӢģѧ֪ʶۣȴһʦġ
ŶӢŶһ۾תתرʷ¶զ¡
־ãԼҪˣֲá
Աиܹ
ܹһСŮ۾µµת֪ɶˡ
ܹҡͷЦȻ󳯷ӣҸղŹǰǸŮˣǼǰֽģǲ鷳ˣ
ˣ
ܹͷˣղÿˡ
һڣɧһ´αײˣֱ蹷Ѫ
ܹ𣺡ðɣ׻ֵܵء
ƨӡ
һȻѹɩӣ㲻סһƬ⻰Ҿ͸һ˵ɱ߱ˡﴧǸ˭ģҼҴֵܵģҴֵ¶Ѳ󣬱ŵˣȥˣ˵Ůֲ̫Ҫˡ
ˣĻﻳа
Աߣ֧Ŷ͵Ӣͫݵһʱ׷Ϊɶôɴˡ
ŶǸͲİ
˻ܹ꣬˿۾ŹֵƳŷ
֪֪˵ɶ
˵⻰ڸ߱ˣñ𡭡
ԭֵܿ湻ùզȢ
ɲǡҴпһ䣬ɩӣԺɡ
ˣˣҾʹҼӢӳɢɢҲڵòˣǵûȥˡܹҡͷ
ӢİѾˣûȥˡ
˵ţܹͷһӢ־꣬ɢŲȥ
·ϣӢһֱĥŷ¶ˣ;ã벮Ի·ͦġ
صӢ˯һȻɶҲɵڴϣ㡣
ǹӷȫʧӢͲˣ˺ƽ֣׼ȥѧ׼ȥ죬ξԺƽ׶ˣǴ׳ĻӢǵĵصˣʱͻļ͸
Ӣһ˵۾ˡ
ѽ񻪽ĳӣˡͳͳҪȥϢ񻪽㡭
ӢҪȥ񻪷ϢߵʱҲûԼ£̫ͬʬ˺üҵȥʵңϡ
ҵ
ޣޡ
һЩ¸
С̫ѹեˡ
һ°ѧڣӢһѧУϹʮѧʱ䣬ʵȹġ
˶ȥһˣеĵԷһϸ£Ѿ˳ʼˡƺͻеǩĺͬǵԷһҪʮ̨񻪣ЩһѾŽ񻪵Ĳֿ
׼ŷٺ󣬾ͽЩеȥǡ
ѾˣپͽñӳȥǣҲýʲôӣ׼⳧ɣȥǺʵ
Ӣصƽ֣һʱȥ񻪡
˵ɶģʵôʱ䣬Ӣûô裬ż񻪡ϾС㣬ǳ֮⣬ˡ
ҲûӢˣʵȥҹӢÿȥӢʵңһ۶û
²䲻Сݼ˵Ӣ񻪿ˣ붼û뵽ӢȻԼڳ
˵һ񻪱Ӣ׷ȥ˯ˣ˳ԺʱӢ˼ҳԷ
ӢԹɵͷȻһһؼˣؼǰԼ£תͷѺǵƤ¸񻪡
㣬ûϲתдһŵøźɻźɻȥҩ򣬿ܲ򵽵ϵĲϣõģӢ
ǵĵƤȷʵҪƤСѾͷĽģԸҪ
ʱ̹գ۱㵽ĩԣӢο˴ѧڵС㣬һͬѧĦȭƣҪµһ£ģٴοһ꼶һ
ڼ
ɶﰡѧûѧУȻܿһ
ӢǶʱ䣬ˣѧУ󣬴Ҽô࣬ΪˣȱΣôҲϵһɡ
ɽôˡ
Сһ·Ұ
⣬һѧڣ¶Խ񻪣ԱӢٰ˷ֵĳɼ˸ڶٵ˷֣ǶĺӢϵģ񻪡
ҵܹʰ׼Ӣȥסϼ졣
û취ܹ浣Ľ٣ӢֻԼصʵȥòײŰС΢Բ㣬һ㶼ְǵûˡ
Ӣе㲻ȥģΪ׶ǱߴϢĴѾŪˣ⣬ٸУпգѷĸϵͳдء
Σȴû
ξԶͬٽʵˣ˵ϵͳɶģÿдĵ绰߸࣬ϵͳڣˡ
ӢҲԣɴ൱˦ƹ񣬰ԼʱϾŪһЩڵ·ͨŷϣ˦ҵҵȥȻ͸һشˡ
ҵ
ܸоԼҪġ
һߣҪȥǵ񻪣˵ӢҪشʱһ׿ϵ£˵ҪӢش塣
˶ҵһӢ塢־¸磬ȫµġ
ѾũĩȻǳµǸѾˣ񻪻ǲģԷһҪȥӢ
һһҪֹұķ


93 
,֪ͷ֨֨иͣ͵ĵӭɳɳ,ɽҰҲѿ˻
ʱ䣬ҸæúܡҪ·ˣ⼸칫Ա,ͳ˿ںء
ߵĵأкл̲ɳ,ɽǱߵǺ,֮,ɽһƬĵز࣬ڷ,һҲֻа˷ֵأңˮͺһġ
ܹϼҴڻص壬ôɺϵײ˷ֵء
˵ϼҴ,һ㶼û˵,־ƽһˡ
ܹ,͸˽,ڽʡݣϰ,˵Ҫش壬Ǿһˣ˵ǰסĵط
ҵá
骵ݶźü,һ㶼ûлɡ
һĸ,Ȼֵܷ,˼ҲͬȻ˼ҰȥͷˣĿˣֵܷͬء
Ҫֵأ˭Ҳû˵ԣΪ˼н
ȥ˼Ұȥ˳Ҫʱ򣬻ͷҪĹǮ˶
ûô̯ûҪʱķֺ죬˭˵ɶ
Ӣصң̰Ѽմ˻ҵļҾϴˢɾ㴧С֣ȥˡ
ȥ־ѧ硣
־ѧʮˣȻһֱڳȴرݣЩ꣬鿴еݣ۾ڽˣҵһۡ
־ѧһֱڼңզ⣬ƤЩ԰ף۾Ӣմǻö࡭
Ϊ˸۾˵ʶǰһˣ˹˹ĵģž
־ѧ磬һˣڼ𣿡ӢվҼҵԺǰɤӣԺ溰
ڣӢ˰̫󣬿־ѧϵĻ΢һ½ǣȻ˳
־ѧ磬ڸɶӢıݡ
Ҽҽȥˣֻ־ѧһڼҡڷֵأ˵Ҽңϡ
־ѧڲϣӢʲôʱġ
Ӣոջģ־ѧ磬С˵дô
ʱ䣬־ѧ类񻪽дС˵һˣҲ֪дզˣûȥͶɶġ
־ѧٶЩд꣬дʮ֡
Ӣ۾һŵһ־ѧ磬ʮˡ
־ѧ磬Ըҿ뿴ӢݣСϣ̧ţһ뿴־ѧС˵ӡ
Ȼԡ־ѧһЦӢȥ
־ѧдС˵Ѿѻ˺öдıӣЩӷ࣬Ӣݺͽдõĸӣ˳һӢ
־ѧֺܺÿ˵ĸоȻֵͬͷβ͸һɸվ
Ӣһʱ䣬ͱøָˡ
˵㲻дС˵ҲƾԼ
㿴һȥԲҼǵͦϲġѧѸӸӢתȥ
Ӣûмſݣűӣ˦С첲һ˳
־ѧ磬ҷŸԼԲСѾͷһ㶼ſڷſڣЦеؿ־ѧԵġ
־ѧûµأ£ֵܴģЩֻ࣬ҪһЩ
־ѧһȥǱ߼׼Ӣԡ
˲̣־ѧһˮһӢڳôզűǰˡ
ӢС־ѧų£ţӢͻȻһתʣ־ѧ磬ҪҪȥȥס
־ѧ̧ͷ
ӣĽ˳ǡԼɽûתס
Ӣͷ־ѧ磬ҽԺʱ򣬴ӹһCTԼ˵壬־ѧҪҪʹү˵˵ȥ塣
ǰʱһλֵ𾴵ҽѧڰѹ似˻һCTѧϰ࣬ҽԺCTʱ򣬻ѧϰרҵ˽ҽԺ
Ӣϲ־ѧø硣
Ȼ˵СӲ˵ʵϾӣҼ磬һۿȥеѶϣ಻ζ
ǰ־ѧ磬־ԡ־䡢־һһˡ
Щ棬־ɴø绹˵ģҪû־Բǡ
ŵƣԺ糤ˣҪϵɶ¶ٷְٱ־ɸ绹Ǹһ͸һĶ廹Ҫš͡
һȺ־ǾԲ־ɸǹϣ
־ѧҪΪ壬һֱũ壬ĺܿϧ
־ѧϵɶҵʵ˵ǰƽɴĻ˵Ƿγ˵⣬˸š
ϵɶ⣬ȴû֪
ҽԺҲ鲻䲻áȲááһ⣬ͻᷢտԣص㣬ֱɴˡ
ҽԺCTӢ;ã־ѧⲡӦҵˡ
ҵ֢ܶҩӦҽˡԣͻȻ־ѧȥסһʱ䣬ҽ
˳ǣ־ѧҲеطסģ־ϰ༸һǮټµǮһҧҲںƽ˸СԺӡ
ԺӱȽСֻס־һˣ־ѧˣպÿס
ңǺ־ѧдС˵Ҳ㣬칫ﻹ̨־ѧҪѧü֣д϶дĿ졣
־ѧӢ壬㣬Ұֲ˷ӣûǮҿ
ӢͷǮȽ㣬ԺС˵Ǯˣٻҡ
־ѧͷһҵС˵û˿ҵǮ¾ʹˮƯˡˣ壬Ǹ޵׶֪ҪǮԺ˵ɡ
ô꣬ͷˣֻ޵ʲô£֤Լ
Ӣ־ѧܾ죬˵ˡ
Ȼûڣȴǵ¡
־ѧһԲӢϵĸӣӻ֣׼ؼˡ
־ѧӣǲΡ
ɣͷү˵үȥʹү˵ֻҪү־ѧǲΣΡ
Ӣﴧ£Сüͷߣߵƽ£̲񻪾Ͷش˳
һܳӢڻƽϵĿֻȻһ٣ݺ˿
ӢӣȥĶˣҵ㶼ûҵõ񻪺µ˿ʡ
Ӣɻؿ񻪣ûȥİȥ־ѧˡ
־ѧ磿Ӣ־ѧɿüͷ
껹Ƕµһ꣬˶µĿɲֹӢӼңҴүҡ
˵־ѧûģϢЩСһģû˵֪־ѧڼ·ݡ
ȥ־ѧ磬ôšѹ£ʡ
ӢԺˣڴأȫţǸŸɶϢϢ
΢üͷӢӣ۲ܴ⣬ǾǸš
ǴŲȫء
ղһ˴ˣƽǸСȻڴʮǰлһΡ
󣬰ϱȥǮȫ͵ˡ
ͷǮһȫûˡѾ˼ҵϴ϶Ϊ»һܡ
ǲڼң˵ңǸϷƵģһһ˲£嶼ڿǼҵЦ
ϱöߺʮֻˣ˸ӡ
һϱӲˣǰϴ뿿ƽϣɶ϶հܸ϶ӣߵˣã϶øˡ
϶ȴɣתͷӸںͷش˸ѸѸڶӶˡ
Ѹһţ϶źϴ˼ңԺס϶ұסϴǰõһ뷹һԵֵܣڴüֱƵģһ㲻Ͷִܡ
ǰãƽ͵ϴҵǮֵܻš
ƽС͵Ǯ˸ûӰҲ֪ȥ浣ģƽֻӢ֡
ղû̲ӿӢŵĿڶۡ
ŶӢ˵ͷ۾ϳ˼£Ȼ񻪷ֿؼȥˡ
񻪰Ӣ͵ȻĿؼҡ
վ˺һҲ֪뵽ɶһһתȥ
ڶӹһȦȻȥǰķӡ
ҷӣԴǹк󣬾ûסˣũӼûסͻỵⷿӲǽѾһЩ
֮Ϊȥʱţ˵ںǿƽˣƽҵǹΨһɶ¶ûУŵϴ
ϴƽȥˣںǿ˼ҹӣⲻǼ濴ƽġ
ӣϴûл
ϴرġ
ҹ˿ڣһȫˣΨϴɸɾ񻪲Ųϴ᲻֪ɶӪģ;ãϴ²صˡ
ƫǻû֤ݣȥϴûвҷ˿ڵ¡
ſڿһ£ת⸽ļӣһϴ󣬵֪ϴ뿪ӺҲûлüͷ뿪˶ӡ
ȥĵڼҳԷ˯ʱ䣬̲ǱߣӢһ
̹ˮһǴˮ̲ûˣ͵еף͵ˡ
һˮֱֽӸźɻ˵ҪȥӢסȻôҡ
ӢСóԹɫ΢רҵʿҪ֣ͨǽŵ飬Ļû
СԴŷ˰죬Ȼ󣬱㲻ˣ±ţҲҪ־ƽ
ĵأӢص󣬳׷ˡ
ҷһĶˮһĶĺأûʱ֣һֱֳӸ֡
ǶܹˣȻҲ˵أؼˮĶ㣬ˮֳĵȣͲ˳ԣԣֱӰѼĿ˵ĵȫ֡
أҺһֵģһǼҳȥ־ɣ˵ĵأκܴһ˵ϣʣҺŶ÷ֵô࡭
˵أӢڼʮ죬湻ˣ׼سȥˡ
񻪼Ӣ˻سǵ˼ϵĽţǻȥ
ȻЩ£עǻᷢġ
ҲһҲһֻҪˣ˺˵ģͻһַʽ
Ӣسǵĵ죬סбǱߵ֣̲꣬ˡ
ӣҴǲǺͱĺһȥҵعϳˣܹӶҳ֣꣬ʡ
ܹĴ󱦣ǲųһ¾Ͳ㱻ǿ͵ߵĹԱ
ȥ̫Աޣٹ¾ˣèӹͣ磬֣ŷ˯Сһ˯ţ֣˵ҪȥԺţ
Сʱ㱻͵߹֣꿴úܽôҲһֱϵڿϡ
÷󱦱ܣֻԺ棬Ӧúܿ죬һ˯ȴˡ
ӶұˣҲûѷ󱦸ҳʹСӣǱߵС˵ûȥ档
ûˣ̲ҲûУⲻ֣꿪ʼˡ
֣ûУʱˮСţûܡ
ܹһе㵣ˣǴȥĶˣ
֣ﶼҹ𣿡
ҺҲմ״ת˼ݡ֣ȻӶˣʵϣǺһģӢͺ˴ˡ
Է󱦣ӢҲӡġ
ΪֻСӣŻӢùã⺢Ҳ־ȻˣƽʱȻעһ¡
еƤˮĺӣ֪ʱ㲻ܵܣȻ˵Ժţǿ϶Ͳܡ
֣꣺ҹˣûˡ
ӢСüͷʣǱأĪǵǱȥˣ
ܹ𣺡ѽҹƬ𣿡
֣꣺ûҹȥҡ
ӢҲȥ򣬲ǶĶ˯ˡ
˵ţӢСһȥһ񻪺־껹ƽȻͶˡ
˼Сʼɽ̲߼˼ңҲæǰݺغ󱦡
˴ŰСʱûҵˡ
һȺ˾۵˷ңҲӣ󱦵۾ʼ졣
֣꣬Ҵ󱦣ᡭ˰ɣԱߣһϱ˵ԼĲ²⡣
ȥˣӣ벻
ϱһ֣һ⣬һƨ˵ϣãȻɣ춼˵ȥӱߵġ
֣Ҵ󱦺Ǳ˴ߵġԺǽߣӢǽϵĽӡüͷ
ǽмҵĽӡӡӲ󣬲Ǵ˵ģû´ӡӵӦֻʮ꣬ӽӡǳ˽ԺӣǴԺǽġ
ִԺ˳ȥΪԺҲкЩմĽӡ
ԣϸ
˴ߵģӢһԺ˶ʱɻˡ
Աߣ־ƽҲ˽ӡԺӵЬմ࣬Ժ룬һ·ߵԺſڡ
־ƽһۣȻһٿϸӡԺȥ
Ӣ壬תͷԺ˵нӡ϶˷ǽԺӣӦþǱߵġ
⡭
ԺӢ£Žӡ߳ԺӵƽͻȻԺһ
־ƽһıӢһָӡ˾͸Žӡҵ˽ӡֵĵط
ԺӺ£һŶѺõĸɲռܡһȺˣԺ˹һܵܣͼҴݣһŸӣضǰĲѡ
Ҵ˿־һ⣬æ־ǶǶѲ˿
һῪͼǽǶһССӰ֣죬˯һ˯ڵϣԱߣǸ˰ıӦӡ


94 
ƽܺ,ǰŻٵ̫ʶԣһͺ,ֺ񲻾ˡ
ĻѾġ
ӱ죬סֽ,ۣһȥ־ƽϴһơƽֻǸʮС,ûץס,ץס,ֻаķݡ
ƽ˰,ӣŪҼҴ󱦣᲻㡣
ҧгݣ֣ŶӶ,æȥ,ڲӸ˳
ֻ˯,,ͱˡ
»ص̻϶µĲձ,ͺµؾס֣·۵һ
ӿޣһû,ƴȥ,ƽݾͱˡ
һ,ǰƽ͵СӵԼϱһߣ͵һѽ־ϵĹקƽ˦ȥӦһ͵㣬ա
󱦱ֲɵӣԴһת֪ƽǰǹӵǿһ򵽷ˡ
͵ӣˡ
ʯ̲ߵĴ˶ҲƽŶ󣬶ƽ֡
ƽ۽У޺Ŵˡ
ôڳû˻ͬ
ˣ˵
ھǱ˴ˣҲͬƽҲʮ꣬ľסô˴ûһͲ֪˭ߵͷιȥˡ
ԴưˣҲĴº֣ˡ
һΣ˾СһȻڵȥ϶ˡ
ƽӦ϶ĶӣӲ̸֮£϶ųɡ
־ƽѷҵĺҵ󣬱˲ûǰƽ
ƽС壬Ҫ֣ȭҪ
֪ƽɶˣôֹȴ񻪸סˡ
ȥ˹ӣ񻪾͸־˵ƽǰɹ¡˵ƽԼ趼ˣˡ
Һʯ̲ߣڰӢȥ￴֣ƽȻһ͵£رɻ
ö˶˵ģ͵󱦸ɶأ
⣬˵Ӣɻûһɻġ
ζû˿ϲ£Ͼƽʮ꣬ˣЩ°ɣԽǲܣԽпܡ
ƽȥң϶ȢǸѸϱ˵ɶˣһĮӸǼûйϵҼҲûã£ȥ־ͳɣǣ趼µֵɲýš
˵ˣϱһˤֱӰѷ˸һȺֵȫ⡣
ƽ
ƽղű̫ݣҪٴȥ׼ҪһԱ͵Ǯϱһ㶼ƽ
Լұ͵˵Ǯ׷أҪ˱ˣٿǮҲˡΪԼǮϱ˵ɶ˼ƽˣ˵÷Ұƽȥ֡
ڻӶӳȻƽⰤǧˣȴӶԱ
ҳ棬ֹס˴˵ĳ嶯˵һǰ裬ʱ򹫰־Ѱʹȥ֣Ҳֲá
һ٣Ҳûôˣ룬Ͱ˾ȥ˹֡
ȥ·ϣ⣬˱Ӷˣһڱ¨ƽ˵ϣæҼ䣬Ψһõֻ첲Ҳ֪Ϊɶȶˡ
һϣԵ˾˹
ѹҲû޵ﱻͽ˹֡
참Чر죬ͽȥһСʱ˽
ƽʧһ꣬Ȼҵ·ںǱߣ˿ڡ
ˣŴӵǸЫĳ
ݾ˵ƽ󣬾ʹӺͷȥ˺ǣںǵؤ
Ҳڼ䣬ֺȺҪСؤЩԾÿ˶һ϶ٶе⡭
˻ɣͰһ£һ飬ЩСҪģһӵƤӿţڴҪǮҪǮȫЩӵ
Ҳַ֪СؤȫЩƤ컨ǮӱĵطġЩöСؤֻǽţǱɲзϣȻ󶪵ȥؤ
ΪСϸ첲ȣȺСؤرֵǮÿˣһٶֵ߰˿飬ʮǮЩӣǿЩСؤǮ
ֱΪŪеؤȺϾͿ˶ʮ
ƽһʱ䣬Щ˻󣬾ǻҪҪˡȺƤӵͷ˵ȻҪԽԽãƽ˵һͷһٿǮ
ƽһŪһСһٿ飬Ҳû룬˹˿ڵ¡
Լαװһ£׾ܲñ˵ͬ飬Ҳˣȱ˸׹յСӡһ࣬һʮСӣϱĶС
ںǶڼ䣬ϴϴƽı壬ԼϹõѵҪַΪͰ˴˻ȥ
ٻУϴҸ˵ģǸϴǰͬ£˴ְˣûҵˣǱŻ忴
ص壬һ͵ϱǮ
͵Ǯߵģת۾Ϳ˴øɸɾʯ̲ķ󱦡
󱦿ˣûͷԣرÿ򵨱ѷŪߡ
˷󱦣ܱҵ
ȫСӱִСҪ㣬Ȱѷ󱦸Ū֣ȥߡ
ǱߵɽϣͷݷĶһ˷Һö죬ҵԺӡ
ԺţԷǽԺӵƽûвԣ̵ĻᶼûУͱƽ죬ԺӺ¡
ƽ¾ˣһߣӶ˷󱦵죬ַؽ˸ˣȻʹˣ˲
м䣬ķŪɶŰõСذףһֱڷϱȻǰѷŵãҶһ¡
ҲΪɶ溰󱦵ô࣬ƫȴһ㶯ûеԭ
ƽһ̰ĵĺܣҲһߣ޵һСʱһֱڲڴﶼ˯˺ȥ
ò˵ܴΣյĵطҲȫĵطֻҪ㵽ڣ˵пܣӶŪߡ
˵ƽĻ֣⻰һ㶼û˵
ˣû꣬ͻ˹
ƽôˣҲͷһؼ
ƽɹ£ֶ䶯ˡ
ﲻŵؿƽ붼û뵽ǰСӾôɥĲ󣬹繫ֵľֳİ壬˵ȵ˿һ£ʱһš
꣬ϴر˵С̫ŵпܻᱻץֵľֳ;ãӣѾȶȲˡ
ˣΪСͰˡ
ҪǷˣԺ󲻶Ầˡ
ӣϣҲҪ͸ϵʮ꣬ʮ꣬ȥٹŪͽ̣ͰͷǶñӣȡ˴
ƽĶǶľ
ʻ򹫰־ֳ±ܾ֣Լƽ˵ĿҲһ򱨸ȥ
ͷɲǺûʲô۵˵ɱĸĶľټСôСܾҲƽǸΣշӣ˹Ѻڹ繫֣Ȱѱĺһˣ
ĺӣôҵûġ
֪ǱȥҪŪҲѣһʱܹһʮӣ⼸ʬʱƽҲʮˡ
ⰸӣʼΪӣûκƽؽٹһڵġֻȵʮ꣬ͻᱻתȥ˼̡
ƽ£嶼ˡ
Ӣſڣǵ̸ŵصƽզͻˣ
һũСޣ滵Ҳ̶ֳܻȰզأ
ǮϱſԺǽߣŹƤƽӴģɶˣų󣬻Ҳ֡ôСʱ򣬻һɹֹ
˵Ǯϱˡ
ƽôʮ͸ҹˣǻ˵Ѳ˹ϵǰҲȹٵ㣬µʱûƽϾӵˣñ˷½ģƽôѧġ
ʱСȻ̸ɵĵɶȴҲ˵ɶȳˣһСʱ£Զֲɲᳵ·˷ʤ
ôǻ˵ϴô£զ˵ƽںǺϴײˣܹʰŶǮϱġ
֪ҿҾûһöϴҲ֪զģˡǮϱ˵껰ԴԺӡ
ӣҪس˰
ܹ𣺡԰ûȥȥˡ
ǮϱǵÿˣǵûҰ
ܹ𣺡³ǿҲΪɶһ㣿
ǮϱҪǮҿûǮȥ
ܹ𣺡ҾǮˡ
Ǯϱа
ھһһ䣬ò֡ʯϣŹȻˣղȥ˵һ־ѧ¡
Ӣ˵ҽԺ˸ܼ־ѧʲô־ѧǿ־ѧԸ⣬ⲻֻܸ˵
Ҷ־ѧʵǺεģ;ãҪǴ⣬־ѧҲӡ崫ĻںŶ÷Ŷ÷Ҳǣ־ѧȥҽԺһ¡
ܹѼĶʰ׵ϱ¨ϼҴڻسˣλسǵĻ񻪡
ʱ񻪽Ųжأ뿪ʱĽŲжɡ
鷢չȻϱӲһȴҪģƽСץˣӢӵĿǹˣԺٲõƽӢˡ
ӢСĲϵǳǳЦ
ӢȻ֪£񻪽ŵضĶҪ־ʱµĳЩ¡
񻪽ĵģ϶ᷢǹԹȥĶˡȻµĲ񻪽⣬ȴʵʵڸܵˡ
񻪽ȻͳͳõĽ㣬ԺͳͳһҪ񻪽ٺһ㡭
ǸӣϲѶһһ
ӢǰŸջصУţͽӵξĴϲ
ǵĵƤļˣװϵĴŷӢ˵ҪˣļȾͳ˼ҡ
ջؼҵ񻪣ʰ׼־һȥˡǵĳȥ٣ðѳӸȻ󽻸־ȥչ
ӵӢļͬϲСԺﱧתȻ͸Էֿˡ
Ӣļʮ̨Էһ־һ̤ȥǵ·Ӣߺ󣬸һ죬ʰԼС׼ҵˡ
ܹ𲻷Ѽ޽壬ԼӢһס
Ӣ֣֣ûͬ£ĳʵҵ˸ˣ˵ȥæװ
봦ӢϼǰѾŪˡӢдǸϵͳҲװȥм䲻֪ɶϣװĴͷܻתתţͿ١
һʱ䣬Ҳûҵǳ룬ɴҵȥæ
Ͼ̨ӢϤľҵˡ
ҵװԱȥĳʵҺ󣬿ʵĸдУ˶±Ƶĺܡ
붼û뵽Լһ죬ȻֻʵңһֻܽűֽϵǰǽӴ
ҵֶûط飬սսʼԸ
УûֵӢһصǰɶ¶ԼӰдϵͳЧʡ
һ£趨ʮϵͳֻдһ
ΪҪһдϵͳһϣϵͳȻдģԺƼķչЩϵͳҲҪģðдõĴţԷԺϵͳ
ǰ¶Ӣ죬ҵֵģȴûԼɣЧʿɲͱȲǰˡ
ҵѧģҲݹԼרҵתרҵˮƽߡ
û취иԲϵͳųǿӢڣ벻߶ѡ
Ӣдһϵͳ׼Ϣ죬ȥѧУʱձһ棬һڻϢƽؾףʼϯȫ򡭡
ϢһʼȫɡΪǲΪĿǰĻŪһֻƾͨȫ硣
Ưĳ繫˾ϢͱǼЦһ
˵ԽǵĿƼͿʼԴָȫ磬˵Լˡ磬ǹҲҲֻһѡ
һϵͳҪķĿǰҲֻڳﱸ׶Ρ
ǶŪĶôŪó
Ưô룬СӹҲġжСӹƯҪ̨CTCTҪĹңôƵóֶ
ɻһĹرࡣ
ɵ̨;Ŵ׶ѧԺתƵߵ糧һСʱ׶ļͶͨͨ磬Щפݣʼˡ
ΪפʹݵĵԣҲͨţˡ
ļ˰칤ûбеҲֻǼԴļϷλƳͬʱƳһ͵ҳԷͨˣܹͨٴϢ
ڼ֮Զ˳ûء
ʹݣԼﵯĶµúܡ
мòͬļע˼䣬Ȼ󡭡ûȻˣ侹ͨ˫ע˺ͨżˡ
𾪡
֮󣬾ǿʼæ֪ͨǣƳһͨм硣


95 
,˸Ĺע
ʱ˿ƼЩ꼸ĥôһƼõʵС
оһĹ,ڣȴͻһʱ,Խ
ȥǸ΢ͼĲϵͳģҪ˵΢͵ԾѾ羪,ƳĻ,Ǽֱըˮ,ˮըˡ
зң,һϣԺٲƯ뷨
Ҫ˵Ƴĸܽܣ,ȻƯ
Ưһȷ˶Լ, һʱ⽻Ա,ûⷽĿƼɹ
϶Ҫ,Ū磬Ϊľȫļ,ܿԴǹҲô״ӦԷ
봦ϵͳ,Լʱ,һ,ϲȫò
ϲƽᷢչĶȫԼȴǿԼҲһһǵĲӣⷽļ󻪹ʮʮꡭ
ϲ㽻棬ӢСȫ֪ġ
ֱһһȥѧˡ
ȥѧУǰӢţҪչպóóĹ
ûֲ̫ˣ岻ҵͲ
ɰɣϵͳҲʼˡ
ڿѧǰһ죬ӺǸϻˣɶҲû˵͸һݹ˾ͬӢ
ȥעĹ˾ֽӢװ޹˾Ӣ뻪ȡӢеһ֡
Լҹ˾ô𲽣ӢѲ˹ϵ
ںǸ־һȥעṫ˾ʱ򣬷֣öಿһ˵ҹ˾齨ʱǰЧʾͶر졣˵ûһ£עɹĹ˾ȴֻ߰Ͱȫ
ͷΪĹ˾ݻرļȥصʱؾֵľֳԽӴ
һʲôҪæģҪʽ𲻹صȥд
ǻһӵģжѣֳİæ£ô˳˳ˮںǴˡ
һصľֳȴԸΪ߹ϵеŵϱӾİ׻ˡ
ӲˣҲרҵʿʼ滮ˣھ͵ÿ־ˡҲŸվ꣬Ȼϱӵľ飬ԼȻû֪ʶĻۣץסᣬҲû취סҪ飬ʵԼȻץ
Ҫ־Ҳö
úףӢڣҹ˾ֻҪɶ𺦹£Զ£ڵķչֻҪܹʱŲͻʣΪƷơ
ҪʱĽŲǲ־ɣͶö飬ʵԼ
ûйȨһ˵ӢļЩĹɷļһʼⶨӢװ޹˾ӢռĳɣռɣռɣʣµһɣǷָ˾ģĿǰ⹫˾ĹֻһǾ־ɡ
Ӣӵļɨһݣʹ󷽷̣̰պá
ѧˣһѧںѧͬһͬѧûѧУȥһλͬѧң󣬳ҡͷ̾Ҳûа취
ѧ죬ָһλá
ѰһŲǰſԴո룬˰ͬѧ·ҪƵĴڡ
һĵӢĶ־ԡ
־ԱŲȥ¶һˣ־Сĵһ죬͸оѹô󡭡
Ϊɶ꼶ļƴĶ飬Сˡ
ͬķ¶ڿĻѧǰԼСÿ飬ȫǷţɶҲһ񻪣˼ҿǳѧڵ
ˣˡ
ǳһӢָĽķʦ⣬˺þöûѹʽ͸ú˻·ģ˼һʼˡ
־ԱѧΧѧһ£ͲԼˡ
ֲ䣬˵вķʦˣ浽ʦͬѧȫ͸
һʱѧУȱӢʦٽʱӢ˳ѧУʦһסԺˣֱͷʱ񣬽
ŶˣڻǷ¶ʦְʦר̷¶ѧʦ
¶ѧ츳رˣųͶѧǿҵİʶѧѧӵеĶֻӵⶫߵøߣԶ
ʦҲǿ˷¶һ㣬һƣѷ¶ս¡
ʦ̵ѧ֪ʶر£дӢŷ¶ȥһοΣȻӢλʦͱó
ֻΪӢ˺һߵѧǱߵѧвٱʼǡ
ЩʼһǳԷʦ֣ӢҲΪЩʼǣԺըһйظߵѧϣɲǼ͸ըС
̫ˣԴɵجج죬Żָ
ҲΪ⣬ӢŻĳ񣬿λʦ
Ŀ⣬ӢԼܺܿסס֮󣬾͵Լȥ͸ʦǱߵѧıʼǣһסͳ͸ˡ
һ͸Դйѧ֪ʶͽ⿪ˡ
λʦǸˣû˵һܻʱһ³꼶ʷΪʷʦȥˡ
Ӣһ죬һнУΪһ졣ʦ붼û뵽캢Ӿżѧ꼶ɼˡ
׷Ҹϣƴ꼶һСȽϵƤѧɼãҲӣܶŹʦͷʹ
һѧ
Ϊ棬湦ģ湦Աȣǵ㻨ӣɶҲǡ
ѧһ£ӢɢɢдԼĸϵͳϵͳû죬ֻˡ
ҵͬʱ˻һǶʮŮӣһǺҵЩꡣ
Ůӽ˫ȥѧҵĿǰ׶ѧУһǽձҵĴлƽҲĳоԺ
׳ѡ͵Ӣˡ
˵ĵͦӢ±Ƶġ
Ҫܰϣڼл֪ʶ֣ѧռ䶯ѧ֡
û˶ռ붯ѧѧ
壬Ϊɶǿռ䶯ѧģҪģһоŸϵͳûŪأȻǸϵͳΪ˸־ˣǱϵͳӵġӢɳϣ˦СŽţüͷʡ
СѾͷüͷ֣Ҳڼüͷ
˾;ãЦˡ
Щ಻סѧУȥʦǲŪˡ
Ǳĳ˱¶ǰѧϰģôȴ͵СǰˣңСȻǡ
ѧ֪ʶӾǱˣˡ
˫üͷͬɳϵξԣΣǲطˣ
ξŸôСţ˫ʻ̧ͷûУʱǵʦûиǾ𣿡
ξҲͷ۵úܡ
Ī׳֣ȴԿСѾͷˣ⻹ûʼأ˫Ͷˡ
˫˵ѧϰ֪ʶ
ξԣѧϰҪ֣ѧ
΢һȥ绰־꣬һ㣬Ƕ칫ļξЩݣǣӢȥİ칫ҡ
˰칫ңξһ߲绰룬һ߶ӢӢӣҿ¿Ūˣϴβ˵Ī׳һ죬ΪģЭдˣ˭֪ȴصģҴ绰ʡ
ӢŶһϡ
绰ܿͽͨˣӵ绰Ī־һͨĪ־ʣԣôӵ𣿡
ξԣӵˣ׳ǲʲôᣬӢҪ֣ˣȴѧϰġͷӢӴѧ𣿡
˵ѧξʵַ
Ӣ̫СˣȻо棬ű˲󼰵츳СԣͲʺϴѧ
Ī־ǣǾǹ֣֮࣬СѾͷѧһЩϵͳ֪ʶ
ϵͳξԺ
Ī־ţ·ݵʱͷһ˾ļ׼齨ԼĶλϵͳȻѾǣڿϵͳȴ죬ͷСͬѧϵͳ棬ž˵츳ԣ˸ѧϰһйϵͳ֪ʶ
ѧϵͳôרҵϣ˦˫Ī־ξ̸ӢͻȻʡ
ҹѧԺⷽ棬죬ңѧԺѧûнӴǷ֪ʶͷģרҵ֪ʶⷽ棬ѧ޷ϡĪ־ӢɴֱӺӢԻ
ϵ̫߰ʱ˾ѧԺһѧҲŸոձҵרҵȷʵ㡣
ͷ֮ɿռ䶯ѧӢҲԭġСŪϵͳԶһרõǶλϵͳû´ϵͳⷽ棬Ŷ⣬ϣСﻹдǿϵͳ
ͷŪӢΪɶм֪ʶϾ֪ⷽʶڻĻ׶ʱڣչ˵ϲ飬ÿεĶ֮ǰĶ鼮
ĶСҲˣΪСỤ̊ѾﵽǶĵز
ӢĪ־ĻСüͷ˸ᣬȻС˼һ£ĪүүһܴḶ́ѧдϵͳм֪ʶ˹ȻŽ쵽ˣһųɡ
Ī־Ӣ󹤳̣۾һ̽ʣӢҲǷ֪ʶ
ȷʵǸ󹤳̣˾϶λĺѧԤ⣬ûʮ꣬λǣϲ졣
Ӣһ˰࡭
˵Ӣתתƽϵͳʱ򣬷ֶλǣɿռϵͳ֧ԮϵͳͽϵͳɡҾͲˡ
ôߵ·ɣϵͳؼķǣϣЩүүǣͨЩ齨ԼĶλǡ
Ŀǰͨľǵѧִܸϵͳ룬ͻġΪϱϵͳԭ֪ⷽʶʦͨģǾ͵õѧ˲ˡ
绰һߣĪ־̽ʣһʣʳϢ
ӢӣԵһñʼһ¡Ī־ϲӼŵ绰ϽӢղ˵ļؼ
Ī־ЩдֵʱֶЩˡ
Ӣӣб⼸ϵͳ𣿡Ī־ǺöСʡ
Ӣᣬһûѧй֪ⷽʶѧ˿ռ֪ʶ֪ʶй֪ʶӦþдˡ
ддֲϵͳ漰ܶܶרҵ֪ʶرѧ棬ߵѧ֪ʶȻˣдλǵĲָһû취ɣǰ֪ⷽʶȫѧͨȻҲϲд
ʲôϵͳѵöԱ̣㷨
ӢʱڲЩһһĿǰǰѻʮϵͳдꡣ
д˻ϵͳܳģȥѧĶˡ
ⶨλǸǲŸտʼﱸҪգµûкü꣬Ӣӿѧ
Ӣţһѧġ
˵꣬ӢֵĪүүһ£ٸм˰ɣٲ˹ұܻչˡ
չʱͳͳҲҪչ
ͳͳˣϵͳסġҪϴ
ͳͳŲҪ
ɣٸ˹Ī־ӦһȻڵ绰ξԵԣʱӢȻһǵʦϵǡ
ξһ˫͹˵绰
ӢͷûɶֻҪң˭С
ɼרҵǱǸͳ㡣
Ū˫ѧʲôĺС֣С̫̫ƵģԼİ칫ҡ
磬磬ˣ㣬ǶкöûŪŪһŪص칫ңӢ·û˫ͻƽ㣬ܵҵߣɤӴ
ҵһɳ˯Ӣĺ۶ûſһ̣ͰԱߵͷסԼԴ
ͲϢһҶҪ۳ɹˡҵͷƵ
Ӣɣϵ´ˣϢϴһż٣ҲҪŵġ
ҵӢ˵ż٣ƿͷһǣԹضӢ˵ģһż١
Ӣ֣صͷԣһż١
Ҳ֪ǲǷżʴ̼ҵղŻ˵Լ۳ɹǷ꣬ڵһ´ɳȻȥǽǣѵذǻɶϽģȴ
Ӣͷ˫ͻƽ磬Լʵ
ӢãԼҲƢϵͳ
ղһ棬Ϳ㣬ڻרҵߣרҵͲǣм֪ʶ˺ٽǡ
˫ͻƽô?˰칫ңҲԺУΪʦûиǣѧʲôġ
ûǸѧɶûǣҪǵǰǸСӡ
˱Ӣ˰죬ʱǲŽӵ˸ʦĵ绰
ʦ绰˵Ļ˲±תΪ𾪡
ʦûô˵ġ
֮ǰզͲҪǵƲˣˣһչСõġ
˻꣬ꡭ
ʦ˼ȥͽ䶯ļСŮԵĳġ
ѹʱʦ˵λѧݼΪء
Сֹܲ
Ҫ˵ȥɶšȵȣŶǰһСģСˡ


96 
˫ͻƽô𾪶û,ΪӢѾҡ
ңСѾͷûͶ빤,ǰҵʱ䣬ԼõϺݺݱðʱ,Ѹϵͳصҵѧ
Ҫѧó͸
ر˳,,һøĽŲ,һֱˡ
ϵ֡
Ժͳ뽨ɴ,ȥ濴⹤رôھͿʼԼİӡ
뵽ӣӢں۾գգ,Ժ︡˷¶
,ͳھ͵ð¶Ĵȱ,ȵ¶ѧ,Ͱϵʵʵ
ɴ£Ӣͻ롣ϱǼʱյϵͳ,ǶԾڶɴֱӷԾʱӢĿһ뷨ûС
ֻ̫С,ʱ,뷨ֻ뷨,û취ʵ֡
ڡͳԷͲ첻Դķɴ
ӢװԼķɴƣص㻮ָҵһصԭȻͷдԼĸϵͳȥˡ
껹м£ǰҪѻĸϵͳȫдꡣ
ҵţϴѧ㲻ţҲӢʵҵʱȷѧóȫӢĽŲ꣬ȴѧ˲ٶ
ǰӢһСʱص㣬һϹ춼ŪףӢѧһЩ֪ʶӢĸϵͳص㣬ֻһ죬ȫ͸ˡ
ʮıã˵Ĭǲġ
磬ȻϵͳȫɣҾҪоˣͷѧʱרҵһʱ䡣
Ӣʵ죬ĸϵͳĿѾŪԼСϣȻϣ˦ŽŸҵ˵
ҵſԹŨŨؿӢʣ뵷ɶ
ӢգգۣĪүү绰Īүү˵ҹʼоԼĶλˣλ漰ر֪ʶȫҪõҪⷽ顣ͷϵͳдˣͷһʱļ٣ҸҸѧʦλѧʦѧһѧöѧ֪ʶ
ѧһпѧ֮ĸȻרҵģѧ棬ǵò
Ժרҵ֣̫ͨѧƵ֪ʶȴ붼漰
ҵ֪ԼСôūӢĻµúܡ
;С쿪
һģȥоǷĶרҵȡǺǣĪǰԼȫˣ
ô˵ˣŶϵϣܻʱܸϽȡģҲ֪֮ǰܲܰѸϵͳȫдꡣ
Ӣ̾ԼʵȥȻС֣׼ȥ̻ѧУˡ
ҵСõıӰһźƮ

ȵȣĪȥоǣ
˻Ҽұõɶﰡ
Ӣ뿪֮ǰԼ칫Ūļ飬ȫװ˰棬׼ܿ
⼸飬Ǻרҵ飬ξġ
Ӣˣ˫ͻƽǳױӢˡ˶֪ҪɶҵξԣξԸӢ˵˵ҲͶ빤
ξԶӢСƢЦã˰ȥзƵķҽˣʱ϶װǣǺ壬ܺŽӢʵˡ
˫ͻƽ;Լԩˡ
ʦǺˣ֮ǰһϢ͸¶ںˣˡ
Ӣʵңʲô˶ģ˫ƽǸдƼˣ׳ǶӢʵҵƼһٶ
׳˵һ£Ű˫ͻƽӢ
˶ǴԺӵܣݱû˵ƽӺѧԺģ־Ҫ汲Ըѡĺרҵ
ΪүүһоԱ
Ϊ˱ţξҲˣֻǣȰӢãˣӦþܽӢʵˡ
ѧУӢѧ˵ѧʵϿεʱ򣬿ĶǱ顣
飬Ҳûʦˣ
켼Ӣİݿ̫ⷽϣЩ̫߶ˣ֪ʶȴһ㶼ûÿԼѧ
ͷβѧ
ʦˣڿӢȻתѧϰе¡
֮󣬺ĵӢ̰࣬ȳ͸һ˵
ӢŷʦĻȻһ㶼ûŵϡ
ʦиѧģѧҲرоȤϴҸᵽˣ˵ѧһʱѧʦٽһѧ𣿡ӢʦĻգգۣʡ
ʦһ£԰
Ӣ۾һллʦҹ㡣
˵ҵʦɲ˵˵
ǰʦҵѧʦܰѸߵô͸ʦ϶ܽ硣
ʦ
ӢСУָʦлȻװȥٳҸˡ
ѾѧΰԼĹʱˡ
ĩѧʱÿ飬¿εʱ򣬾ͺͬѧи桭
ɰɣʱ䰲ŵģûһë
ѧУһܣٻʱרҵˡ
ģӢˡ
֣ǽձģڹѧУ⣬ƤӴͱ˵ˡ
һӢһʱ䣬ͰĿ䵽ǸӱͱһĴϡ
ܵˣ˵ͳͳܵġ
ӢѾ֪ѧԺ¼ԭͷŵϣĴ硣
ˣҲˣ˵Ŀ꣬ͱһ
磬ӻ𣿡Ӣ˼ҵĶӣüͷʡ
ӢʵеСεġͷҪǲ˸ڻһҪ䵽СǶˡ
ǵΣռ棬֪ԷɶɶͶֲ˺øС
ۣСҲֽ
ͱһиܣǸԸܿʵͬѧ˫ǲһ֪ԼΪʲôġ
Ȼ˵ʦǣֻǰæϵ֣ܸдϵͳһ̨΢ͼ֣¶ԷɶǣҲܽ۲
ǺöͬѧĻᣬܲ˲Ź֡
Ӣͷֽϣ˺ôһ̲Ѫ
ܣе࣬ûˣֻˡ
ˣСãǵøɶʦ˵ֲ㴦һϡ
̸£ӢСһˣʱˣʱϰɣ磬ǰҸ㻮ص㣬ɣˣ࿴Щص㡣
磬ԺĹұ簲ţ׵⣬ұͳɣұģǾҡˣǵ濴Ŷ϶ֶ飬Щص͸һϵͳҪ˦ƹȥʱֻٶŶ
ܱдһϵͳǲ࣬Ҳܴˡ
ӢصһԣܺͬѧӢĻ۾ɢСǡ
ãСģһѧ
ܸ˵òˡĿ꣬ѧϰαдָġ
ָһ򣬻ȸճӤСȥĲϵͳĿǰѧԺʦͬѧֻװдٷ֮ʮԴ룬ԭ
˵Ǳʵʦȴѧϰ߼ġ
Ӣӣ˫ͻƽʲôʱǽʵҰһԣξԼӢ̬Ȳʡ
ӢԴһ᣺ʱ԰û˵ǽ
˵ӢСһɿɿǻƽӢģ治ɿۺɫɣ˫ġ
̣Ӣ;ãǵĶͲ˼ˣʵңǡ
ξԣǳɣǽ㰲ɶ
ӢգգۣԱһֱû֨ҵ磬ϴŪĸϵͳԴҳԴ˫ǣԼȥѧˣϵ£ԺҲ̸˫ǣһȥʦҸ˸ѧʦȥѧһѧ
壬ȥ˫ǽҴȥʵңʵЩҵȸһ¡
ξһתȥз˫ͻƽ˹ĺܣӢǽʵҡ
Ϊϴʦ˵ҪǺ岻СǾҪ˹ѧϰϵͳ֪ʶ
汻ʦӲˡ
ʱΪѧרҵ֪ʶģ˸Ū˲˵֣ǵѧϰһ֪ʶ
˵ˣӢ磬ʳ¯ĸ֣ʵҡ
ʵңӢ˫ͻƽܸ࣬ãܲãҪ飬ǾȥɣǶӦûаš
ʵĶйؼģоʵǿ϶ɡ
̨ҵģǲܶӢָָԼרõļȻָʵҿǽһϡ
һϣȫӢĻŪġֻһ񣬾ͲѲµΪɶд򣬰ԼдˣҵҲԼŪˡ
Ķǿ㿴ѧҺŶ̰ãЩǼȽϼ˵ĶǴµĹô֪ѧɶҽǣֻרעϵͳһͳɡ
ӢСһţѸýĶãȻ˶ҵԼʼдĸϵͳ
ʵѾڴչ㽨ˣ·ͨһ飬ⲻզעˣѾ˵ˡ
ƽǶǰƽûͨŵµģڣ˾ȴڿʼˡ
һ̫ˣ߶һ죬˵ºܺǮû취ȫװĿǰֻװһЩص㵥λҵƽͨѶ£Ϊںƽ֣Ϊ˷ϵԸǣȥġ
Ѿ˰˶꣬õˮ㣬ʵϣкöطûͨš
ûͨĵط޷ǣҲ޷ӳļֵ
һǣǺöҵӢдʮϵͳʵϣҲеùҸ߲㣬ʮϵͳָһ£ңܲŪչԼҵ˼
̫ˡ
ôʱƼҲΪˡ
ӢרдϵͳĸģҵĴ£ܿͶ˹رǸܺͬѧϾѧľǼѧϰֺܿ죬ѧϰʱ򣬻ֳܷʵ뼯ɵ·ʵ顣
Ӣⷽе˶ԲϵͳȤԾ뼯ɵ·ҲرоȤ
ѧϰϵͳĻƽһͷӢеĵԪͼС
û취ǵԪʵˣѧ֪ʶкܴ롣ھ֪ӢĵԪַõǵĻϣػ᲻ȶ
ԪػĶйס˲ӣĵԪĲ˺ܶ࣬ϡṹգ涼˺ܴһء
⣬ʦ˺ö취޷ˣڻƽȴӢĵԪַУϣ
ʵҵˣûüȥѧϰͷѧĲϵͳһ˵Ԫ
ǲ߲ݣ˳ԵѧϰƣǰӢһ
ӢҲֹѧϾϵģܵĳõġĲҲӴǼʱյĴַȵԺȥ辶һֵԪء
ĸֻ˫ѧϰϵͳ⼸ȫƫˡ
ƫҲûɶøӢϣдġ
Ӣȸܼ֮󣬾Ͱҵȥ˷ʦʦӢˣҲû˵ʲôһ»ȻֽҵȥѧѧҲǼӷ˸١
˰æӢҲչˣһ߿һ߹źǰĸϵͳдʮһʣһӢˣֱӰ񽻸ʵˡ
ֻĿ£Ͳˡ
Ϳϸߵѧˣ涼ǺģĸȻڵıĶӢŵĹȴûһ˿£˶ϵͳ㶼˲ͬȵ⡣
ǵһϵͳˡ
ڿ֮
ĩѾӢ⣬ǵһ˸ֵĳɼĪ
һѧݲඨˣ׷ϲˣһӢڶ¶񻪣Ƕһλͬѧ־ѧ˼ѧм䣬Ҳˣ˸꼶塭
˺ҵӢ׼ԼżˣҪż٣ʵҵҲһżˡ
ĹˣûʲôˣҪúõһʱ䣬ټܶ
żٵڶ죬Ӣȥģ˼ңȴ˵Ҫȥǣź¹滮Ǹӡ
һѧڹȥӢĽѾˣڽôӢ񻪶ȥ
żæ𣿡һʰһӢ
ӢҡͷСצצץһСɣֻСƵģһ߳Ŷһߺ˵æҲԼżˣһٵļ١
񻪣ҪҪһȥ棿
Ӣգգۣʣȥ𣿡
񻪣Ȼԡ
ȥҪȥھͻȥ˵Ӣյһ´ϲװСɵĹľһţ˦С첲ܡ
̣̣񻪽Ҫȥǣ񻪽һȥ档һݣӢͳԺﺰ
£ź̵壬Ӣӣȥˡ籨˵Ҫˣȥƽء
飿
߸˻ؼң׼ʰӢں۾ľˡ
Ҫˣ
ǣ̸
뵽壬Ӣеֵֹġ
˵Ĺ֣͸оЩ꣬һ
ȥʦѧ飬һȥûӰ˼żǮͳͻΡÿᶨʱ㣬źǮһУ٣ӢʵҺһˣס죬ˡ
ţҪˡܹ£۾գ˵Ǹˣǲˡ
籨һҶȥ˵Ƕ¶ʮȻưˣڶƽعꡣܹ˵ţ̾˿վͷӣЩ꣬ĻǮһ㣬ν飬ûɶģͰĻǮɡ
˵ţܹͽ˳
ӢеģȻûɶ飬Īģ;̲ˡ
ӢСüͷߵүߣүҶɶʱжģ飬Ϊɶ˰
嶼ʮˣͷʧܣҲ˵үӦø˲Ŷ԰զţǺ񶼲ˡ
·̸һһǶƽسеʦɶˣ鲻ϼ죬ֱŮǱ߰죬ɶ˼׸Ů𣿡
϶̸һ󣬲׽£֪ģȫҲӢ֪
ڶţӢżˣ͸ϽشѼʰһ£Ȼ׼£籨ȥʲôʱǺöڣȾƣǱȴط籨˵ڶƽذơ
ưŮǱߣܹﶼþĺܡ
廰ܹŰѲߵűߣ̸˻²ס죬Ӣ˵Щɶ
ӢΪɶͲܸ˵ˣ̡ҪǸ绰ʣ
£զôأ
Ҫ¶Ǳ߰ƣҲǰ̺үһ°úõϲ£ǱⲻĲòˬˡ
ܹӢĻϡüͷۼû绰ô򣿡
Ӣ̣ûУҰ칫а


97 
ܹ̫,Ӣ칫е绰¸ˡ
ȥ绰㣬˵һ䣬תس,ؿʼ緹
극ڴӢϹȥ
һس̳,رԶݹϽµĳУȴԱһʡڣƽȴݡ
ͨ,ֱͻ𳵶û,ȥƽ,𳵵ȥתһ¡
񳭸ĵ绰ó,Ӣȥ
ѧУУ칫ҵĵ绰ȥһ˽ӵ绰ǸŮʦ˵,˵ȥһѧҷȥ,µðܻ
ûҵ,Ҳ,׼ˣٴһΡ
,ڵ˵ʱ䣬ܹﵽߣӢ㹦,ſ,һ,һддҳֽĶ
Ҫżٵԭҵ͸ܼѾؼˣҪȹŻξûߣ߹˺ŵģӢͬʱзĲɹ
壬Ҫ֪ⷽʶ飬үүǶûʲôƼӢдõֽýξԵİ칫ңξ԰顣
ͷͨ鼮򵽣֪ʶԸһЩ飬»궼ûҪŪԼҪ飬»ȥЩ֪ʶӵ
ԣӢŻⵥӸξԣξȥŪ
ξԽӹӢֽɨһ£ĵҪϵͳˣӢӽɶ
ɶȿѧ֪ʶѧһ˵
ӢϣϰԵذ˿һڣӾ͹СģɰξԶ
Ҫʦ𣿡ξ̧ͷʡ
⼸ֽд˺֪ܶʶرξ԰붮ܿЩġѧ
Ӣѧ֪ʶĻۣͨʦǱߵѧ֮Ѿﵽ˻Ŀǰѧˮƽ뻯ѧڻ
ѧм޵Ŀܣȴɣ׶Σз֪ʶÿŬ۲ͻƽ⡣
ԣҪ飬鿴꣬Զȥ̽ˡ
ӢСԴҡҡã壬Ҵ뱨棬ҳﱸһʵҰɡʵңĵ򵥶ɣҺ£ϡ
ξԣɶ
Ӣ֪ûأһ淢չԣҪﱸʵҡ
ɶ뽨ɴ
ڲ˵
뷨ڱ˿쿪࣬ȷʵġ
о漰̫ζˣûöʱﱸУĿǰŹһߡһʵҿ϶ǵĲǵģѽӻƽǶõС
ڵػȶԭкܶ࣬ȼϡԪռ䡢ϵͳ涼Сһչ·ߣһ߿飬һߵЩǰᣬиܵ
ɣҹȥ룬ʵң
Ӣ֪ٸ㡣
ʵҿ϶øߣһ룬Ҫϸˣ񻪽˼ȥǶУʱ϶ҲҪȥǡ
СֿҲֿҪߡ
Ӣξ˵һ飬ɳ￴һܿ͹ȥˣܹȥһ磬ֿʼ绰
ε绰ͨˣҾӵġ
ӵ绰ŮʦӦǸ߹ϼҴ绰ˣȻڵ绰ǰ
绰ܹͨ𿪿ھʲô˼Ϊɶϼƣ
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ܹĻһû֨
绰һߣƺҲƽȥߺòãҺҶˣװƣͰˣ߹꣬Ӣǿѧˣٻȥ
ܹûлشǴۣʣǲǴ˵ɶˣЩ꣬㲻ǲǾԭ򣿡
Ĭ
ֳĬȴǼӻشܹ⡣
ЩֻΣٷ֮ʮΪ⡣
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ѧ󣬵һλش壬ûߵţ˿ʣôˣǸһû
صҺ󣬳Լˣ˲˭˵Ҫͳһ顣ͳѾ˻飬ڴͳһģôֲֶ

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ܹ𣺡̫ԶˣɩӹæˣǴӦ
ŶǾͰѼӴɡɩ۹˿ʧ
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ʱҺŶ÷󣬵׻ǰ־ѧȥҽԺ
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ƽݱȽϽʻȥһСʱĳܵСسûзչĿ죬·ӿݣ·гҲûֻм·
ξԺ־궼ݾıߺ죬߹հתģͽ˶ƽصĳС
ӲͣУſڣ˻û³ѧУ棬һϾɵķгУſ˹ԱߣиĽСŮˣҲһ˹
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ܹǴӳϳģʱִ
Ůȡ˵ǼɽôϵȴӵС


98 
Ŵӳ,Ҿȵĺܡ
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ܹ𣺡ûУ־Ҫݹ,Ǿ˳ǵĳˣ
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־ξԺһ׶,һʡİ,ô˳·˳ƽˡ
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û취Ҳýܡ
ˣѲɴһ
ǶǴӣ۸һСӣӮҲûǣǿܻӮΪãġ
ææµµУˣӢɼ꼶һʮ֣һֶû¡ֳɼĪֻһ֡
꼶ѧѧУʦͬѧѹ˵ģôţǾ֪һСѾͷôġ
٣ξԸӢ˵Ī־ѾźˣøʱȥݾҽԺˡ
ӢټԼԭ̽룬ûʱ־ѧȥݣ¸˵һ£Ȼ־ѧǶ˸̣ͻؼˡ
־ѧǶ̨Ӣ͸ĵԣҲѧ뷨дС˵дˣֱõԴ֣дþʹţӢȥʱͰļƵУӢؼҿ
˵ԣдС˵˺ܶ࣬һС˵Ѿӽβôд֡
ĵһС˵С˵ȴҹ𣬽һСؤײһ׳𣬱ɱǰСؤһ飬һŵͼⱾ书ؼͼǱ߾ͼСؤΣУΪ˻ȥʼ䣬һһǿ󡭡
ʱûΪֻûд
Ӣ;ã־ѧдС˵츳ģпյĻ룬ıƣḻⱾԪأ߼Ҳرǿźܺÿ
ϧûн֡
֣ǵõ־ѧݻܿˡ
˼٣ӢͰҵܹҲᵽӢ
Ӣڿɲһûûҹʵʱ滮һ£翴飬˯ȥһҵ˱дϵͳĽȣȻ㿪ʼԭ̽룬һֱŪͳʵңڳɢɢ
죬Ѿʮû¹ˣˮλ½˺öࡣ
ʱ֣˻ʱְǴɫĹ½½ӳߺǱȥ
Ӣȣһ㽶⣬һ߳ţһ̼ȥ
٣ˣʱӢرȥǶΪóԵġ
Ӣְ֪ǳֶŮ˼ȻСϻе㱾£Ƴ۶Ƶġ
ڳ￴һҲɶֵġ˼ֲȴǻһ¡
ⲻʳǰ˸ʱʱͦӢġ
ʱǸŮģʮһ꣬ʳóһλܽģ˵ʱλδֶϱֶҲְںڲϰࡣ
̣ղŴʳǰ߹ȥСÿɰ˭ҵİʱһ߸°ʳô˵˴ŲˣһߺؿŴſ߹ȥӢ
˵ǳֶŮ̵ľλһ⣬
ʱջߣͳŶǲǺ죬զһ𡣡
ģסڳңξסڣܲ찡
̣˵׶ˣ׶ôãզˣ
Ϣͨ죬ͰЩˣ
ŹֵбδֶϱȻһ˵˾䣺ɶʱͱӴ֤飿ǰ㣬ʲôʱпգȥһң裬ǵ¸ˡ
˵Żȴڰֹզôϲ˵ΣզģĪǿˣ
ǿɲɣ˼׶Ǳ߿мҵģӶСѧˣҡǱеϱҪ󣬳ģ۾ȴŹͷ͵úͱ˵˵ˡ
ʳõĹǿڱӷϲŸŵģҪͱӹǹͻ
нŮ۾һ䣬Щ˼صʲôʱ򶼳ɣҲŸսھٻ᲻ᰤҪ٣ʱܻȥ
Ļش𣬳ȥݵһ˿ǲʣҪ¸мˣȥϼҿ
ͷһЦðʱҲһȥҼɡ
һЦɰ
ʳĶԻûͽˣӢС̼ңڴǱù빳Χ
㣬ʲôô㣿
ӢһţͱŨĽζסˣСӣԴ顣
ӿ飬һŵζˡ
СѾͷСģЦЦëߺ͹鵽̨ϣë߻ңȥ
ѾʮˣڽʡϴѾȥӢʱɬͤͤü硣
ʳǰ˸ˣ˻Ѽ⼸ʳþͶ˸ѼĲˣղȥһֻƿϵĸӣŪ˸ѼȸóݸӢ
ӢСУ˵ллſѼȣɳϾͳһڡ
⿾ѼóԣҹǱ߳ԵĿѼζһģһһ˺һѼ⣬Ӣӣ
ûԹݵĿѼζȷʵһЦӢʢһ̫ӲŹ
Ӣڳ壬ͷ̫尾ˣ˺öӪƷ̫ӲָСӲӪĶУƽУҲС
˳ŹϰǰģרӢȡ
㣬զûӢҲûѼȣͶһߺһ߿СŹǡ
ȥڳֳˣ˵иȥֳ
ӢŶһͷרĺ
ڼӣӢ׼ƽȥˡ
ֻѼӴϣ̺ϳԡӢҪߣʣµİֻѼװӢ
ȫˣʹ̳ɶӢϵ룬
ϲǻû꣬ˣȥɡ
ӢŶһԹԶˡ
¥վԺﺰһ־꣬־ξ˱һ˼Ժ
ԴϴǱ̬ɱ˷Դ·ӢĺڳӢҲʱ˿ţٲһ䵥ˡ
ӼԺѾȫˣʳҲ׼ˡ
ףͬ־ҲѼˣ
Ӣ߹ʳãʳһŵȷ䣬Ÿ黨ӵŮˣСʳ˳
һ߳־˰ֻѼüͷһЦӯӯʵ
־ݣǳģ֮⣬һ֪رϲҵֶŮֻҪСѾͷͻСѾͷʱʱͶιһ¡
ûСѾͷ˵ġ־곯˵Ľ˵ͷӢȥ
Ӣ˵ͷ濴һۡ
ˮ۾ȻСһ̧Цʣ㣬ʳģѼĽ𣿡
԰졣
Ӣͷһ࣬ʳ˳򣬵㣬ʳﻹʣĿѼеĻҿһֻɣϲԡ
һЦûˣСԣõˡҸһֻ
ðлл㡣
ӢЦŵлİʣ˰տãʳûûóֿѼ
һЦǸصģϰ࣬͸ˡ
ӢŶǺͷǻģҲںͷء
԰ܽƺǺС˵˵䣬Сãˣǵ磬ÿѼŶ
Ӣһ첲ͽӻ֣ת칫¥ȥ
תɲǣӢ۾ͰҲطˣԼ֪Ǹ깵ļ䡣
־ĿѼƮڱǼ⣬߳ȥӢ۾ͻأһʱΪɶѼˡ
һӢͷֲˡ
ͣ־˵Ѽ⣬Ÿͣ£еߣ޵־ɨ
ӢСüͷһͣµ˫˿
߹һսǣȷ˾㿴ҲսӢͣסŲˡ
壬ղǸѼ⡣ӢһתŹսǴǽڵʳǱ߿
ȫ£·ѾŮбӰӣڰ·ϣߵĺ·͵·Աߵֲ̻㡣
ʲô⣿־ӢĻһĿ˲Ϭ
Ӣ۾Ѿ뿪ʳãԺǱߵŮˣǸѣǸصˣ׶ˣңӵġ
ӣ־üĿҲǱ·µŮˡ
ţҼǰеԲȴˣҲǰͦһЩӢ֣ص
Ҳ֪ǲǴĿ̫ȣ죬ͣһۡ
Ӣ־ڽתͷɲǣݵضǽǣܿߡ
Ӣ𾪵壬֪ڿ
ӢĶģϸ˵˵־üͷ
ӢݡĪүүȥѼʱǾѼ̯Īүү˵׶ˣԿѼζڡɸղţ˵Ǻͷصˡ
Ӣ˶٣Уҵһμʱб仯
ղŵһۣ;Ѽ죬벻ĶҪпѼζڱӱƮƮûϳ
־꣺Ӣȷݼ
ӢͷȷѼʱ򣬻³Ӫں˵Ҿûп
ͳܿѼľˡ
־ԣüͷ룬ӢӣȲȥ̣ȥǱߡ
ӢŶһһת͸־˼Ժ
Ѿ·ڴԺˮǱϴȥӢ־꣬ЦźǴ˸к
־˸ͷͱֱӢӽƵӡ
ѾӸڳֳˣڳӢһţʣզˣ
һϣӢСؿڣϻˣߡ
Էеƿһ٣յ̧ͷӢ־ꡣ
־ԺӢķָơ꣬յؽϵĿӶϣȻߵ̨ߣ贰ס壬ְԺӿȥ
һȥ΢ƹ£ȻиŮϴ·
ϴ·գ۾ȴʱʱɨξסǴС¥ԺֻһڸɻҲ֪ǲƶûˣǿξС¥Ŀ⣬ûһ˿ڡ
վڴ棬˺һת־꣬ȥ֪ͨһ˶ˡ
־꣺ĲӢӣ
ҡͷӦòǣղпӢӽ̧۴ȴһֱǱߡ
־ԣһ£Ȼһתȥһ䱳ңȻ̨ξԼҵ̨


101 
ξҲڼ,־귭̨ȥΪ˭ңһ嵽̨,׼׽ˡ
úõĴŲߣ̨ɶˣξֱ۶ڰ,ֵض־ꡣ
־·ξԣߣ߲,㱻˶ˡ
˭ξһ,־ꡣ
־Ǿ,ξǰǴּˣķ־ǿһ־Ļ,Դ΢һת־˼⣬µ,⡣
־꣺ʳǸѼʱ,Ӣ˵,Ѽ,Ůģʱ׳³Ӫڡ
־ᵽѼ,ξԴüѰ˼һ£뵽˭
ξü΢䣺Ĳ񡣡
Ӣ˵
־Ӣһ,ȻûӢһץ,Ҳ֪,Ӣ۾ر£бЩӪģҪǿ
Ȼ˵ѼǸˣǾͱȻ
ѼģΪʲôͻȻһǸͷˣȻҲڱ£ȴģϣһӪλȫԶģΨһݣǱģֻӢǸСʵ顣
ŮĿ꿴գҲӢӡ
ϴ·ϸ򡣡־˵ţߣ贰ڵӰԺȥ
ξԸҲˮȥһȻֽ쳣
صĺܺãڴξסС¥Ҳûһ˿͵ĸоǶ˻ɣִĽ
Ľסַӵˡ
һۣξԱ뿪˴̨ߣȻصңٴ򿪷ĵԣȻõʼⷢһš
˭ģ׽˵Ŀ껹ңҪڳӢӿ϶¶Ӣ̫Сˣ˵СȻͰӢӴغƽȥ߽Ҵ
ξһ߷ʼһ߳־˵
־ףȥ̨ǶӢӻص˺ƽ֣ж
˵ţط̨Ƕ
ӢӣȺһغƽ֣߽崦һݣ־ͳӢ
üͷһСһȥڳС⼸ʱسںƽ֣Ӣӣİ˽ӽ
裬ģһῴӢӡ
ʹӢо£֪ġʵӢѧϰ涫ģ˼ںöУѼУ԰ר˿Ρ̫ȽֻأѧУѻصģѧϼεʱ΢һ¼ʱ򣬾ֻ۲
֪ԼȤżӢѧһ١
ãСһСϰ䣬ӢһëûУҪӢɶܷӵá
Ӣ˵ĻرĳЩµʱ򣬳ûд⣬Լ취ȻǴ˵ʲôӦʲô
־˵ȥӢһվ̻ƽǱߣð̴ȥ
ƣӢߣȻ̻ȥ
ӢŶһǴÿ㣬б͸ǣǻʵң͵͵ǴҪǻʵңʵһѻ˾ͳɣҪĶǼ̨͵΢ϵẒֻ́Ҫ⼸ûɶ¡
ƣģڣʵҵĶˡ
Ӣ˵ͷʰϴ·˾ͳС¥׼ȥƽ֡
뿪ʱ򣬽ˮǶϴ·
ǰ뿪ƾšüͷһæӣг칫¥ɱȥ
⽪ʱ̫ˣûüչƻڣĿ껹ξϡͷ񣬾ξԣһξߵĵףξԵڵʲô
Ϊͷüζ֣ξΣԽöֱԻټϣξи壬ǹѧоģͷŪξʲôܡ
ĿξԣȻûȥע⼸˵жļǰ뿪ûκλɣɻڶξԵС¥
ξ־Ӣõ䷢һʼ
ʼһȥûһ⣬һг߳ˡ
⼸һ꣬û˺ڰС
㳿ʱ֣ҹ촵¥ĳʱһ˯Ůӣס죬ŴӶ¥̻С
£Ӱһֻݷҹıӣһ㽫¥϶˸סˡ
Ӱӵˣûκͣż¥µ̻ʧںڰСͬʱ¥ҲӰӰһأͽ׺һʧˡ
һ硣
ʳóĴþõȲԼδֶϱϹܳĴһ硣ȥҽȥ˺ȴտյ˵ˣǰ콪ʱûˡ
ɻܵǶȥֶ
ֶ˵Ůʰˣרȥһ˺ͷأҵܽǱߣǽȴ˵ܵĽǰ춼Ѿͱ˶ˡ
˵ȥ׵ʱͲڡΪǲԸأ˼ҹŮҲҪģзĹ˲ˣ涩ǹϰģ
Ϣ˶µúܣȥһѾĽȻ֣˽Ǳ˽
ӣ
ѵʱģǸɡ
һߣӢ׽סĽѺгĵ档ξһ׽ȥ˵׼Ѷˡ
Ѷ֮ǰŽֿüͷŪˮλѼŮʿϴ
ǣѹû˿óϻжҲӢۼ⣬˸ϳˣȻε㶫
΢߲֪ɶۿȥ˺ܶ࣬ϻ˸ټƤɹűǰһȣһξԶûϵó
һǣξֻһΣ䲢ûξԾǴ˺ѼŮϵһ
˵˵ɣķˣξỴ̈۵Ϭ΢΢ڵС
ôҵģαװжȥţתʵ
ξûлش⣬򶨣֪ǸӲͷ϶󲻳ʲô
ûûʱ˷ѣЦһתǵ˾䣺󣬾Ūıߵˣһسȥ򣬿û㡣
˵ţξԿûһۣϻ˳
ÿЩȥӢӵʵҸһ¡Сʵʱб¶ķգӢӶʱǲҵ͸ǣҲٳ
һǡ
ǳˡ
ϵĪ׳Ī׳һݵϾݣѾڲЩβȫӲҪʲô¡
ξԻ˳ѾڰҵתʵҵĶˣξԿʵңûȥתȥ˰칫¥²ѽ볧ְϣȡʼϸ
һߣӢ˺ƽ֣һ㶼ţԴϸ£һЩܹϡüͷɽᣬĵŵòС
骰ȻҴӢӻɣ嶼ʶˣģҶ֪ӿ϶ȥ
骺ҲӵƵ֪ͨҴææ˺ƽ֣ѯ־Ǳߵ
֪ǲǸùŮһܡ
ŵʻšüѰ˼һ£תͷʳ֪ɶӢӢӣ̻𣿡
Ŷá
Ӣ˼лתͷ־ƽ壬壬ϿѼʱ³ӪںͿѼ˵ҺʱЩˡ
ӢԴ˺һԽ룬ԽʱѼ³ӪЩԾ
ǾӪģԸߣҲúһȫⶼ
Ӣ˵³Ӫ⣿־ƽһ࣬ͬʱתͷӢ
ӢСԴ㣺û⣬Ҳֻ֪֪ΪЩ
ƽüһݣӢӣԽһ£Ҹ׳ʼ
ɣȻûдʹãȴѾڷ;ˡһЩܹѶϢõĶǾڲĵڴݣȵ绰͵붼Ҫȫױ˼ƽ⣬ֱӾ͵
Ŀǰû͹ʽӹ죬ϵͳǳӢ֣֮ʱûƽӢдϵͳԵʼѶĿǰȫϢ֮һƽþһ³ӪȻԼսѻǵзˣȻӢˣǾͱ顣
ûãеĻ
УȻǵˣôô
áӵ˵ͷƽԼȥԡ
ƽڽ·ݵʱͨ˵绰ӢѾװ˵绰ȻãҲܲˡ
ƽһףȥӢķӣٴĵԣȻӢĲ²⣬Եʼ㱨˾Ī־
ƽʼҲӢܹҪĶʰˡ־״ȥһԺͣԺĳҹʹ˻塣
һȥĻƽ
һʮһصģÿʱ˯ε־£һ£ֲ̺ãզҹˡ
־º־Ըշپ͸ү˴壬ũæȻûֵأҲûɶæģﻹҺء
رǶһ߸˵ĵأֻˣæùһż٣ͰӸũæʱӰɼ
ա
ϼʣ̫棬о
С˭ҵģ
糿̫ȣȥһţݻĵǮϱʯ£ͳԺվŵ
ˡſڣǮϱʻӢ̧ͷһˣҴ̼ҵı㣬ż档
Ǯϱ۾һתӢ㡭ѹֳôÿӢӣɶʱģզ֪أ̻𣿡
Ӣˣں̲Ǳϴ·
һǣ͸Ƶģңҵȥһ¡ǮϱһܹˣϵĲݶҪˣһ飬˦Ÿ첲̲ϴ·ĵطȥ
Ӣȥ̵ıҲ֪뵽ɶĪЦˡ
㣬벻Աۣϴ۸ԡ
ۣСʱֶ
ӢСԴһ㣺ţүбӣȥͳɡ
ǳɣҺһȥ
Ӣ˵ͷϣȥ˹档
ǵһ壬Ưر棬ڹһߣǿˣһӢ˭
Ӣ껹ûع壬λ;ôҶ鰡Сºܶºܶ϶Сѧ꼶ˣǰ࣬˶ڰǰǣ
ȥʱӢȥ˿ܴ
ܴѾʮˣ֮СС͵ʮһճõľӢȥܼңܱϱӢһ㼦ˮ
ܱӣȳСɵȴȱ˲ΪܴܽӻȻûʱܴû˽ֻҪܴѧͽ̡
ܴʮܴ꣬ڶײˡ
ܼҶͦмҵģÿ˴ӳܱͻԼҲ񷿱ȥвգż͵׻Ǽȥ˾͸˵ľͻᱳһЩȥ
æµɢڳѧ֮ǰ־ӢԻسˡ
ˣǸѼ㵽ɶıߵˣ־ĻӢԱߣʡ
Ȼش󣬾ûٹע£ȴǵŵġѼ֤ܳд㣬ǲ֪˭
־꣺̨ϵˣ漮ݣСձǮջ˵ֶΣߣݾ
Ӣ˿ӿ󣬵ǳصİҶϾ
־꣺ʱ״ﶨλڱ߾ԹмߣöսʧأСձע⣬Ƕ
һ¼÷ֵļʱȻ
嵽ô£־ҲǺֻ֪׶Ǳλ߲쵼ܲסǮŮջ󱻲߷ˣеˣܺйϵϢԷҲȷԲŻ˽ͼ̽ࡣ
ҲΪ¼֣м룬ңСձġ
СձĲȻͷǰ㣬θĸ￪Ͷ˺öˡ
Ŀǰͷ㣬׼һˡ
Ӣ꣬ں۾򣺡Сձ滵ֱ޿ײ룬ʱҲϹǵļ̵ܹˡ
³Ӫأ
Ӣһ³Ӫ־üͷͳȥֻˡ
Ȼ⣬ȥˣӢ⡣
־ˣ
Ӣһۣ鲻ã׷ˣһתȥɣʵҵĶ𣿡
־꣺ڣ⣬ͷΪһ˫ˣƣڹϷش󣬵󣬱һְλ
Ӣһյתͷ־ꡣ
־͵¶ˣʺٴߣͷ׼£˵ߣԺ˳ȥӢװ˾ʱ䣬ɶҪģֱͨĴ̣ϴ򱨸档
Ӣգգۣˡ


102 
ξҪ뿪,Ӣͦ᲻õģܺãӦ,СŹǸԣ꿴飬ȫġ
Ψһҵ,ȥ˺Ǻ廹
´꣬־˵û,ӢҲسȥˡ
оԭ̽,ȴһʱ˷,еæˡ
׼سǰ,ڶǱߣϱӣһıɫ壬ֵ֪ͨ,ǹȥɥ,ϱˡ
̫һ,ȴû߶,ң̫ߵʱ,ϱķӶϼҴź󱲹̫ġʾ˼Ǳ߼Ȼɥ,ȻҲȥ,ͬô󱲹ȥ
ϱϲɥ,ú֣Ӣ˼ǰһȥġȥģҡСȥ־º־ԣ־պӢһֻȥκݡ
û취ֻλϼң񣬶ǰũ壬ʱز
߳ɥһϣһǺʱ򣬷ܵõ̫ٳɥȹײɥ˻صӣҲŰ˵롭ʱ򣬰ӱߴʱϣŴķ
ᣬ϶Ҫ緹Żؼңûãֻٵȵȡ
緹ʱӢ߳㴧Ǯϱȥ뵽Ǳȥ棬ȷںԷٻ
Ӣ߲ȱˣ־ǸʺϣȴȥǮϱĽڣ˶ӡ
Ȼںǣǿܹ𶼿ˣǮϱҲþܾܹǮϱ˵ֻȥǶһǣɥǾҪӶֱӻسˡ
Ӻܴ󣬱岻֪˶٣Ӣ˼С·ŵǮϱңչȥͼվǮϱ£۾ڿӶһɽ¡
СɽǱߣӼеéݣǰվŵӺŮ
Ӣ죬뺰ôרעûóȥߣҲ˹ȥ
˫رԶӢûнӣҲֻܿǱˣ˭ȴȫ
㣬ڿɶأӢܵߣŲӣϿ
ͷӢӣǱ߼⣬ҸղŴŮģǱ˴СǱߣǰġ
ɶšӢ졣
ͷ̫ԶˣҿҳŮûбס
Ӣһ˵ݵһתͷŬ濴κԶܿˣŮɶҲ
Ӣ죺Ҳ
ӢӣڿɶӢ˵ʱǮϱˡ
ǮϱϱҲմ״ʵģҲ߱ɥˣǮţȻȥϱǱ߳Էġ
ߵҵǰͼӢ㹻۾Ǳ߿Ҳſ˹ȥ
֪ס˭𣿡ӢǮϱæʡ
ǮϱӢǲͬڶӳģʱضӣϤһǱߣסȳӡ
ǶǱ߿ǱզˣǮϱջߣʡ
ҸղſŮǱ˸Ǳߵġ
Ǯϱһľع˳ִѳͷ
յģĪҪɶ£ȥ˵Ǯϱųͷȥ
Ǯϱô죬ûԭġ
ȳǸͷûˣóȳ˻ܲס¶ڣӻĺܡмѸɧŹûϲģ˼Ϸӿ󣬶ӵĶӳһݣֱɽϸһأᵽǱȥ
ӵ˶֪ȳɶӣǰŮˣһͲ
Ǯϱߵ죬ӣ˾üͷ˸ⵣæ׷ȥ
һҪȥҲģǱˣһ˹ȥҪԿøȥŵ㡣
ӢͱȥˣգգۣҲæ˹ȥ
˵Żȳһȵȳӣö˵񣬶ɪɪվһߵŮӡ
ŮӳŸ϶Ǳ·Ͱ͵ģͷҲرңֻ󣬽Ҳϵӣֻ̣ܶ·
Ů϶ź£һµͬʱһֱɻ
رȳӿʱϵı͸ˣк£Ҳ𾪡
ŴĶӿ϶ҲɡǱߣȳӺ˵껰Ŀһɨ䵽ϴ𾪵Ůϡ
ǳɣٿ飬һֶ١Աߣһ˵
ţ׼أǵ㡣ȳջߣӰһĹĵĲӣеġ
еĽӹǮ򿪾׼Ǯ
ʱųͷǮϱҲǵĶԻУ⡣
ǡ컹ײˡ
⹷յȳӣȻˡޣһȳһ˼ҵĹŮֱд
˵ʹ޵ľǹӣ¹ܹˣҲ¹ܱյŮ˻Ǻӣʹޡ
ܱҵɵأôڴûǵǿ͵ӵ£ȥʱƽǸԿǵֻش͵ˡ
㣬ĵ㣬ȳյ˰壬ôӣһ˼ҵĹŮ㡣ǮϱܽçӣҲûеġ
·ƽһҲܶ滹ˣһŮ᲻Կųͷͳȥ
׵ļˣ붼û뵽Ӻ澹Ȼܳϱ
ǸڵǮˣǮϱһ𣬸ŵǮȫˡ
ȻعͬһۣһݣǮϱ׽סŮȻǸӦҲǮ
ȴʱղһ𾪵ŮǮϱͫһ󺰵ңӻˡ
ųͷǮϱԱߵĹŮ۾һɨȻˡ
ᡭ
ǮϱԴе㲻ãҪǰںŤ³ͷҪŵˡ
ûղһ𾪵ŮǱˣᡣ
ȥǶ飬һλȥ괺̫ʱŮʮ˱䣬һû仯ʵЩ
Ǯϱûһ۰ϳ
治桭
ںǴٹȴ˷ӸˣȻת˼˵֣תתº󣬾˷ӸϼҸӡ
᲻峤ĺӣǰһֱУżŻһˣҲֻ壬ûӡ·ϣ˷¾ˣߵĶɽ·˷ӿߣ۾еӳŵľǴɽǻ;ãôɽôϤȵ˵طһȳӵĿʱ֪ԼǱ˷Ӹſˡ
ǲ֪ĸĸ磬ôԾˡ
յ˰壬ĹŮƴˡȳӣƣ㿴ƲƵ㡣
Ǯϱһû
˷ӺеķԣǮϱ֣ԽᶨҪǮϱ׽סˡ
ͬʱӢҲϵˡ
һǮϱĻ𾪣ﶼ룬˷ӺôĵӣҰŮӡ
ô˷ӾͲ±¶
ضһۣݵһ´ӷӹսǴ˳ȥ
Ǯϱ˷Ӵһţųͷ˷һʱûסӢһǮϱƳˡ
ǮϱæӢһӢӣȥүᱻ˷ӣ۶ˡ
Ӣܳ˶ûͱǮϱĺɲס˽Ų
̧һ飬ȻͿ棬ֽŵᡣ
һˣСѾͷ巴ӦԴ죬͵һתͿʼܡ
ܳȥٶȣ͸һֻܳȥèһر졣
СѾͷһܣͳɤţץ˷ӣץ˷Ŷ˷ӽˡ
ȳӿűܣߺСѾͷ֪ˡ
һݣϵĹӣһȳһȳ׷ȥӢһԵ״һǰȻ֣һѽȳϵĹץס
ֻһ̧Ƕȵһߣȳһȣһ£ˤһʺ
С䣬ϹܱȲ骣ȴԱͨҪǿȳӣתȥǮϱļ룬Ǯϱʱ࣬Ӣ˺˷ӣͱ˵ϣá
Ǯϱųͷϣ׷ȳӴ
һߣȥ˵Ӣһܣһߺӽ˷ˡ
СѾͷʲô˷ӣأ
ǰңһ˷ӣΪˣӵˣߵˣ˷Ҳĺܣ̲סһ䡣
Ӣܵöˣô죬ƫػرˣڰǮ˷Ӵˡ
ʻˣһǰ֪ˡ
̧Ⱦȥȥ
Ӣûܶһ͵˰ɥµİǰҲ֪ĺȥˣӢûƳˣɴ೶ɤӣϴ󺰡
үү㣬ģ㱻˷ӸӣȥŶ
ɶᱻ
㵽̫˳Һ壬һԼСһ㣬ŵؿӱߺСѾͷ
ӢܴһȥֺɲǼ밲ֻĲ񣬻յž졣
ţæʣӢӣ㴺㲻ں𣿡
ѽǰںǣڲˡӢϽү㣬㱻ȳǶˣ˷Ӵ
ҲʾһڣȾܡŲʹܲңرɫڳú̿µˣʣ͸ˡ
ϣ￴뿪ֵܣ˺һŷ׷׻عȻܣȥʲô˷ô˻ܰſڵġ
ȳӱǮϱ׷ˣһóȳӣĿǳµظɻǮϱĶ֣ԴǮϱѪˡ
һϵˣǱֽŵĹ֪Ȼ˷ˣȻ󡭡˷군ˡ
һ˷ӺȳӾͱϵ˴ó࣬ˡ
˷ӣˡ
ֵܣͱɥˣΧ˷һٴ˷ӣѪһɶӶˡ
˷ӻǰ;ý˿ȫû뵽ת˼תɽִɽˣǾԡ
⼸ϴ򣬴ﶼмɵԸⱳòˣͶЪ֡
Σ죬ȥϱҷԸһӣתͷֽŶסᣬĿڸ˿ʯͷƵģˡ
ᰡզ䵽ˣ
ԼҺҲ֪˶
۷죬ȥɰ󡣵Ƚ⿪ϵӣῴֿŮֻǱһ㣬ûɶ£ŵĲȥ
үأҲ֪°ؼң߹һСӣȻͱ죬˹ȥѹͱ˳µúܣһˣʱС
ޣޣүءһޣˣת˷š
үͬѧ㣬Һһ𱻰ġһ񣬸ϽøԼͬѧ
ڳҪ˵˭£ǾͷǿĪˡ
붼û黹ôչӹˣȴͬѧϼҡ
Сź˵ľ
żٺ󣬾ͺͬѧһ߳ʱҵģҺܽ°ֱȥסºˣһĵȣ˵㱾Ǯںǿһ֪꣬ٹߵ공δкͰͬѧ˳
ϣϻŮ°඼ʮˣؼҵ·ŮϤûôǲʲôˣ˵˵ЦЦսӣͱ˴Ӻ졣
ѾװһյĴ󿨳ˡǳһʼС߰˸ŮˣЩڰ·ϣˣͬѧʱǳϻһСӺһŮˡ
ϣһȺߵ˼˷ӣȥ˼˷ӡʮʱδžˣ˷ӺȳӶˣɥǱߣҲںȥԷˡ
극һӾͻ壬ӢǽҪسȥģҲˣŻ塣
ǰһߣűɥ˾Ŀˡ
Ҳ֪˵һǲң˵Ұɣƫ˷ӣ˵Ұɣ˷Ӵְ˸˼ſڡ
˷ӣûɶ˼ϴ裬ɾ·Ȼ˯һͻָ˾ǿѧȻ˱£Ҳܵ顣
һ磬ͬѧ͸Ŵһ˳׼ȥƱѧУҺҲŽˣͳ£ܲͣͺȥѧУ
ﶼͬѧԼѧУˡ
Ŷ÷ܴ춼ڼңǰʱ䣬ʹ־ѧȥݿȥˡ
˳ǣȴ֣С
ʮǰȥ˺ǣ˵ȥȥˡᶪ˵£ʹ籨ˣ¼˵ģ骰ϢģûϼǱ˵ҲֶŮⲻųһȥ˺ǡ
骼ҵˣæ籨˵ҵˣ˷ϼˣںǵţλȥ
Ͽѧʱرȹͬѧ͸ϻ𳵻˺ǡ
Ӣý㣬ְѱýߺ󣬻һһʱû˵ʵҴɨɾȻ֪ͨҵ͸ܼԻˣ㱳󣬽ѧУ
ºᱻһˡ
˷ӣǺǱߵˣʡġȳһֱûֵϱɴ໨ǮԼϱǣһţҵںͷأһ͵úΪӣǣǮ
ͷǮǵûʱȳӴǶġ͵úӣЩŵһڱӦ
¹ȳһֱûȵϢΪûѶˣǰ죬˴˵ͻ׼Ǯʱ˸ͻȥ
Ӻŵ˷ӣ˫ʶǹͬʶģĳ;ġ
;ˣǸר˻ġ
͵úֻǿ;˵ĳ˭˭˭ҪӻϱټۡÿδϢӾͻǮã˷ӣڳ;˾Ƕ֮󣬻˾ǣҪ͹ȥ׬һʡ
˷ˣƺɲˡ
;
־º־ԣɲǱˣǿקϳġ
Ϣù羯ﷺ˻ɡ
ǰҲһΪ׵˷ŻǸŻм价ڣǴĳ忪ˡ
ĳ֣þ첻òɣǸ˷Żǲû򾡣Ҹȼˡ


103 
鵽Ϣ,˵ǻɣӢãǲǵǲ˷ֳˡ
Ӣе벻ס
ǻ˷Ϊ,ˤôһôô벻,Ͳٱһ˵
컹ڵ飬˷ӼرƻβŲ,þöûк,ô͵úӺͱץס˷
Ӣ,һͳҪæµ,ΪԶ
Ӣ֣οԵ飬ȴôܵģﻹŵһδ,ҳ,軵軵,һοԶ,ҪѹǰӸ㣬֪,
ҵ͸ܵӢѧˣһ˾һͷʵ,дǵ롣
Ӣһдʮһϵͳ,ȴһдһϵͳȵ׽д,˾Ͳûϥ͸Ӣˡ
ûԶֵʱΪдҲֻҪϤͳɣɵ涯дˣ֪ȫӵġ
Ӣǿʱ򣬾͸˵дϵͳ룬ѵĲǴָ㡭
漰ѧǱдѧһгвķʦһʼֻ˷¶һѧ棬ѧʼӣȥҿСԽԽ࣬칫ҵˣȥʦǶѧѧˡ
ڹ򲻸ˣѣҲŪˡ
Ū󣬼˶ӢͶأ;ãѹͷôϣССͣ˴ı£ȹˣզá
ʮϵͳ׳ɣһϵͳǸܴȥġӢѧûаԼҪԭ̽뵷ĳԣҲ˵ûŪ
ŪŪˣԭ̽⣬ûдﵽҪһ𻵵̫죬ǲԭӡ
ԭǱȷӺϸСĴڣ治㵷ģܵĳġ
ܺͬѧ뿪ˣʵĿǰʣҵ˫лƽˣûߣæ껪һϵͳ󣬾͸Ӣһоԭ̽롣
ʱҴҶһν˰ʢġ
һ꣬ӢʮˣҲ˵㣬һˣһû壬СԲ˻
°ѧڣȥֹСձھһнˡ
һգץࡣ
û취Ͼϱ߾ڽǱϾļ࣬бǣܱ࣬ЩŹط
Ǹߵ³Ӫ־˵Ǳ߷ģ߷ľǽŮӽǮջǲᶨˣ˴·ھְְλ̫ߵģ߷ģÿС
Ǳ߷Ҫṩݡ
ҲǺҪݣһЩԻСݣһЩ̽һϢԸ
ǡֱ޿ײ롣
ˣǱЩϵǰүǸֶŮһ
ʢġ
һеĿӢèۣʷžӡ
п⼸죬Ӣڿ˷⣬ԭ̽Ԫ˶װøŪ˳ЧҲΪ⣬ڽǰкȦˣȦɰһȺʦͬѧɵˡ
ﶼ룬ԭŶͯҲнŵʱ򣬳ⶼԼֻèˡ
˻ѧôŬǾ͸ûϵʸ
ӢŲܱɶأȻŶԺȦüͷȴһֱţԵʱ߶СУһܺá
ܲôôõĶڱŪɵģ⣬׼پͷŸըȥȺУúÿɶлƼ
ڣֻһɨϵͳͼɼʾˡ
ϵͳԼдͼɼʾɽҵߵߵ糧ͻһ㹻Ųԭӡ
꣬Ӣصң˯һ찵أȻȥʵҡ
һȥпɼûܰʵﺰó
ӢпɼرãĶ֣ȫʡп״Ԫ
ɼУѧУһӵӢӵĳɼ֪ͨҡ
ѧУӢģȴûҵ骶ƣӢȥˣС
ӢڣѧУ㬶飬ѧУҲû̫ʧûӢп״Ԫⲻһ¶𡭡
һеɼرޡ
ôѧֵֻӢһڶǷ¶ڰһֱ¶һ񻪣ȻûпһȫʡĳɼҲͳƷʡϣλͬѧеġ
ҼкӾͲһЩμֻ־ԣ˦̫ݣܺãȫʡȴŵʮ⡣
ɾˣһͷҲǳˡ
Ӣ꣬ȫûȥעԼķΪ֪϶ǵһ
ٹһ࣬Ӣڰĵ΢̽˳ʮ˸Сʱ̽ƶڿʱϵԭӺüɫԼʵҡ
ԭƶǿƼϵĽ
ƶԭڼ䣬ҵ˫ƽһֱߣ¼й̡
̱һ㶼¡
Ϊǻ΢ĽḶ́Ժ󣬴ҿ϶΢иͻơ
Ӣһֱͯδģʮ˸Сʱһƶһ˸ԭӣȻЩԭӣųһĸHX
ĸǻĵд
һ˸ԭӼֻ࣬һף࣬ĿǰСļࡣ
ϣû׼ҵ֪ͣڷӣԭӼľ룬һشͻƣ׼ͨʵɹʽ䡣
Ӣ΢УԭųĸǶֿˡ
ˡ磬磬ݼ¼ķ׸дȥ˫ȥ֪ͨҴ̴򱨸棬˵ԭŲɹˡӢ˵һں۾ǡ
һֱӢ¼ˣӢɹһ̣ͼɼϿˡ˷ܵúܣСشյ΢ǰһһţ΢￴˿ԭɵHXĸ˷ˡ
ˣĳˡ
ӢӾİԭӸŲɹˡ
Ӣӽյĳɹؽ䶯磬ΪԭǿԲģǰϿѧƽһոˡ
Ŀһɹҵ˼ãһֱ죬û
ӢӢӣ㣬ȥϢǣǿ϶ݶŪҵҭҭ˵ˡ
ǸϢһˣ۾ɬĺܣ磬ҿҪˡӢ۾
Ӣӣұ㣬ſұ˯ȥճǶҪȥ֪ͨƵ˫СѾͷȷʵЩƣ룬뱳
ӢҡͷҪҪһ¹ͷȻҪˡ
˵ţСѾͷ¥ݣԼʵҡ
칫ƽ־һֱԴӢŲԭڼ䣬ǶûжƸ͹ġ
˿ӢɫƣСüͷȴãʱ֪Ӣʵɹˡ
ӢһʵңЦе̱ɳϣں۾ͷ컨壬һţ͵˲ˣ壬ŹǡѼ±ӣеӳĶԡ
ͳԭŲˣԼҪسԡ
ȣãҾȥŪƽر𼤶ָоû취һּ֤ĳֶļ
ӦӢһƽһתس˰칫ҡ
־򾲾ؿӢúʣӢӣҪҪϢһ
־ӢŲԭӵʵǲǳɹˣȴ֪զʡ
СѾͷΰʱ̫ãϾ̫Ũˡ
ϢҼء壬ȥ䶯԰ɣҺþûȥɽ԰ˡʵɹӢԼҲ˷ܡ
˷ܹͷ˯š
һʵ飬Ķɶˡ
ʵдϵͳԪͬ
ʵĳɹĹ裬Ϊʵ飬ͨԼһѧ֪ʶһһ㵷ĳġ
֤ţӵŽ֪ʶΪʵʵ
Ժ⿪ݺͬҲݣһһʵı¡ʵ֪вṩ£ƴɴ
ɴǼʵ̫Ϊһ̨ϵͳʱû취ȥ裬ⱲӣһҪȥһΡ
̫ϵУǷб
ãҴȥ԰档־Ӣ˵˷ܣЦ
ʵ顭ɹˣ
Ӣ˵Ȼʮ˸СʱûϢȴû˯⣬Сһţʼ߶߶߶
־꣬񻪽Ӣ칫¥ûʵ𣿻ξԣȥ
Ҫûȥ͸Ͻȥ֪ͨΪȥŶ
Уˣ˵ڳȥǰҪȥƽ죬ȥ̡
ǰܹȥ˶ƽأΪһвҪˡ
ҵүүȥȥˣʣһǱûչû취ֻܹȥƽչˡʮԼһӣܹ涪Ųܡ
ңһ¡
Ȼڶƽأʱʱͻ߼ĵ㶫ڷڶܽӵϷҲճ
ٶˣǸڣȻУҲǡ
ȥʮһʱһعһУ̫ڣҲûסð춼ûͻȥˡߵʱһڵӢźˣӢȥ棬ӢûȥΪæûʱ䡭
ӢȥܹȻûȥ٣ܹȴô㲻ˡ
Ӣ˵̣ˡ
ʵɹģǺ̻񻪷Ϣκ˶ڡ
־꾲Ӣ˵զӢ˵˵ţȥܵƤٳŲסϡ
־˯ˣѷȿͣȻϣ˯һЩӵҳ˫С˯ˣ뿪칫ңȥơ
ʵԭŲݣرҪ͡
Ҳڰ칫¥˫ܿҵˣҽʵɹĺϢ
ҪľӢоһӢʵɹ˼úյһ´Ӱ칫վ
Ҫãѹĵļʡ
˫졣
Ӣʵʱȫ̶ԱߣݺϤҪ˶೤ʱ䡣
ƣȥȥڣϡ
˫ԣ˵ͷƵİ칫ҡ
Ƶ뿪תȥĪ˵һٳƱҪȥ׶ͷϻȥ׶
Ӣ˯һǰĲˣͱƽϡ
ҵҲʵ׼ʳˣӢгԵģҲ̻ʵİϵĲȫɨˡ
ҵӢĸáӢʵһɾϢˣȴһֱʵ˰˶۳˹׼Ȼȥ˯һټ
СӻָĿ죬Ӣϵƣʧˣ緹Ҫȥ԰桭
԰еıɽ
ɽǰֻһ԰طǻ£꿪ѾγһµĳһЩ˽˵СͼӹӵĳļҾ߳һģ
ҵļҾ߳ͷɴˣֹе֪Ҿ߳ϰվտǱҲ֪
˽ûжϹĴƼҾߵˣԽԽ࣬ϡŹʲôļҾ߶Уרŵڰڼġ
ڽ˽룬ȵϳ֮һĴˡ
ҵļҾ߳죬ɽҲȥ걻骴˳骽ϵɽȥѧ˿ɽѾ˼Ҿ߳Ա˻һ顣
ɽûкӣʱȥݾҽԺһ塣Ŷ÷ȥģŶ÷־ѧݿ˴ĲԾҽԺϤĺܣ˵ҽԺӦܼûкӵԭ
ʮ˻ûӣʵܼһϣԸȥݾҽԺǱ飬óӻ򲻺ϣ޷ϣԲŻһֱС
һܸӵĻ⡣
ǧ󽱻ϡСɽҽ˵ɶΨһ֪ģһû취С
Ӹãõ󣬱ͷʹһҪӵģ׼һ
Ӣ˱ɽȥ￴衣СѾͷͦСظذԼʵɹ¸˰ְ裬ڰְһѵĿ佱һʮǮĽ󣬾üͷȥ˶԰
ӢڲǮָĴǮŴһ񻪸ķֺ죬һǻеĵԷһɣŴкöǮ;ãװǶʮ飬Ŵ塣
Ϊǰ轱ġ
Ӣرˣ˶԰һӣ־ƽһ˳һ㽶⡣
õСѾͷı⣬еЦá
˶԰Ӣ߸˿˶԰еĶȻ󣬱׼ؼˡ
ԵʱǺ档
Ӣһ԰죬񻪸׵ǰ޺ʩҲ˶԰һΣܲˡ
ȻֻӢϣҲֻһϾʩΣȥҪôǡ
뿪԰ʱӢڶ԰Ĵ⣬ʩȥʩѾˣƤܰףҲúƯ
ûϳӢӢȴϳһ԰ģŮǰӢͲϲʩټɲϲ׿ǲϵʩ߾ֺ˵Ͱ˵ĵһӡ
Ӣ˽˶԰ȻСͷһתˡ
Ůͳͳᡭ
д¾ҪѧˣӢϾҪȥϸˡĸУξ԰ŵģҲѾ˺ǵһʵС
ȥ֮ǰӢһ塣
Ҫǻȥүģˣ󷿺ͶбͷΨЩ鷳
Ӣʹ裬ܰүҲӵ
˵µõݳ˵ү̶ˣϤũ壬ũ廹ãɽȴ˵дҰģҲù
Ӣֹ꣬ŵٹ꣬ͻشǸӣרŸүס
죬Ӣȥһ˶ƽؿ̡
ڶƽ浽¶ʮ壬ŻСʱҲӺǴ绰ʵһпҪˣЩȥǡ
Ҫߣ־º־Կ᲻ˡ
ֵѾ֪ǵСǸɴµģסԣҲֻǲᡣ
ֵ۾ӢԺ뿼ʲôѧŬ飬ʱͬһѧˡ
Ӣ붼û룬ֱӵƴ󣬴磬磬ǿɵŬŶ
˵ţӢ˱磬Ȼϳ˺ǡ
Ӣ죬ĳһȺѧ̩ɽһãһݸողŴ쵼õļ
ļͷֻһ¡
һǰܿԭӵĵ΢˵ҪŲԭӵĳλ֮㣬ͨʵ飬Ųԭӡ
ԭŲˣ
ԭӿԲ


104 
ռ׸ĳ,ڳпԱ˼С
һ΢ڴ֮ǰ,˽ֻзӼ׻ȫհ׵׸,ܹʵһּƼٷְٻһ
Աݱ,еһʱ뵽ľĳͿƼ
ʲô,Ŀǰ֪
ۻ֪ʶ,ݿռ׸ߣǿ϶о
ʵ,Ӣҵˣʵȫ̼¼ϹҪ,Ҳо
׼ӢҲ,ΪĿǰûѧ֪ⷽʶ,,ɲ֪
֪΢ӹļޣҪνּõʵ,ȴôһȥ̽
ѾҺϸ,Щз岮үү,϶ܽȫо
ò˵,Ӣ˽ЩѧҵģõͷǵϸϣһǺþá
գŷĳʻϣ֣ѧԺһŰ¶ʮ䣬ԭŲʵɹ̽һ¸
һϢˣɲǼڿѧ絴ˮ
󺣶棬ƼȫƯˡŲԭӣƯĿѧҲŸո롣
ڡ뻹δĶһɹʵ˳
˶Ϣըˣ»Σ𾪵ģʵɹʱֵһ΢
ռףһʲôĿռ룿
ѧҶ֪
һûٲҴţϢûãԻƼѧԺ壬ڹĳƼ־ϣһƪԭŲռ׵ġ
һЩļ⣬÷ģƼѧԺ˳ȥ
ƪдĺϸһûκʵԣٴλȻƯĳƼ˾ڿƪĺԴǣߣ֯һƼᣬ˻ѧԺ
ϣԭӿԲϢһֱ˺þãʵ͵˦ƹӢЦԣжˡ
ΪֿƼֽϣ˿仪ıˡ
ߺߺߣͳŪըϲɣɡ
ţԺиġ
Ӣúܣ·ЩƮˡ
пȥǣҪִܵӢʱȥġ
µڶ죬ִ˺ǡ
غȻʢģȴûôȣΪк硭
ĸ￪ŵѾˣǸĸҵһͶĵطΪܴǷչ滮˾
Ӣ˾İ칫¥Ҳڣռر󣬳䳧䡭
ȻڷչУȴԱҪչĿ졣ڱĳУ·ϱ˵СгϡϡģֶгˣкöСֳ·ϱܡ
رӣϾɵ񷿣ҲѾס˵߲¥߲¥ԣкöڽеķӡ
Ӣ˾İ칫¥ںǸֵֻ㣬ռȽϴһ棬Ӣװ˾ƳвƷ¥ݿڵĵطһСĽӴңӽŰ칫
¥¥Ӣ˾İ칫ң¥Ӣ񻪣ξЩԱסĵط¥¥Ӣʵҡ
ʵңüΪܡ
¥¥һţûԿ׵˽¥¥¥ݿڣһţŰ¥ȫָ˳ȥ¥ݷĵطˡ
ʲôû̽õ
ξԱӢǣʵңӢҪŪģʵҵ豸ʵҵ豸ȫȽ
̫ЩˣӢװ޹˾¥£һճ˹
ɲ
һ¥Ӵξԣſͣļգ϶ʱЦæӭȥ
ߵſڣճһСѾͷСѾͷĺ񻪽㣬ˡ
£Ӣ˦Ÿ߸ߵβ񻪡
һЦæסӢ۲۰
ӢСԴҡۣڳ˯ġ
ȷʵۣճĿռܴ󣬶רҵķƽĵذѺſռһ£Ӣ˯ˣĻ۰Ҫ˵ۣ־ƽ۵ģһ·϶ڻſ;г³ȥԹٷûչͷ
ǣӢת׼Ӣ¥¥ȥ˵־ɸ֪ᵽȻǾͻˡ
šӢСԴ͵㣬Ȼ̧ͷغһԵξԣ壬þòûҰҿˡ
룬ô룬յǻҶе㲻ϰšξԺǺһЦڴһ죬˸ɿӢ
Ӣɿ۾һ֣лл壬ˣҾ֪϶ҴóԵġ
ܵСѾͷǣξҲܸˣȺ񻪽¥ȥɣҴ־ȥһ¹
ãȻӢɿתͺ¥ݡ
Ӣװ˾Ѿںһʱ䣬˾һж죬Ӣ·¥¥۾ؿһ¥
¥Ӣ꣬Ҫסĵط¥СѾͷں۾˳ݣȻתĿ佱񻪽㣬۹˾ȻŪˡ
ӢǾã񻪽Ȼǲһġ
˾˵һŪģȻ־ɸæںƶȴһֱ
ⶨ˹˾δķչ·ߣͿʼԼİӡ
ղŲݲݿ˾Ѿ߹ģ
ŸѾƺӪæȻ졭
һЦҲûǰ쿴ֽˣϲӢʵɹ
ᵽֽҲ
ôû뵽ʮ󱻹⿨ӵ׿Ƽһ߾ԼߵСλɣǲĸѧģôɣеĴķˡ
ӢӲǴԽģΪ̫ˣֵαװģһСŮһһرСŮ
񻪾룬ϱӣӢ£ƼǲҲһȱˡ
Ӣ񻪵Ŀ佱Сüͷ԰Ҳģر֡
񻪽㣬ԺһҳˣԼҪĶҴȥ̫Ӣҧɿºԡ
ķɴŪˣɴϵĵһ˿ͣҪرãرС㣬ȥǣ̫
ӢĻȻûһ˿ɵĵ˵ͷãɵŬˣҵȥ̫
šСΣӢرġ
˵껰񻪺Ӣ˵˹˾ķչӢԹ˾ôչûȤֻҪǮͳɣ˵ɶɶȻһֱϵصԴ
ִﺣǵĵһ죬ӢĶûȥڼһ죬ڶ𴲺һ¥¥ԼδҪĵط⿴һ飬Ȼξʣҵ˫ʲôʱܵǡ
ξ˵⣬ܵ
ǺʵһбӣӢҪȥѧУû취ȥҵǡ
üͷѰ˼һ£ǵˣȰʵһ£壬ҵϺ͵ԣ̨̽˰ɣ
Ժ΢̨̽ӢԺҪõĶģҲõԱ
ξԣˣֻǻûʵҡ
Ӣ鷳ȰǶᵽʵңǱһ¾ͳɡˣ쵽˺Ǳһй˾ǵϡ
ӢĿǡ
ĿǰзĶλǣܴ󣬴Ӱ˶굽ڣһֱûдϢ˵ǿȼ붯ϣһ뿴˲飬ѧŹΣҲѧҲܰæ
ڴ֮ǰŪǵĽȡ
ξӢĻ֪СҪʼĶˣϢһ𣿡
ӢϢ룬ǱҲûô͹˸ѧУҵϤѧУҵʦ֪ҺܿһԺܾ١
УӢǿˣɼŴģϿο飬ʦ٣ʦҲš
ԣʦ֪ܻС
ӢϲûȥѧУˣֱͶоСξӢѧУüͷ룬ʵ
ͷʵġ
ӿռ׸ΪӢӵ֪ʶ۳̶ȣѾԶˣȫòڸ˷ʱˣֻҪԸ⣬ƴֱ¼ѧоԺ
߻ûֳͱ׳Ī׳һֹˡ
ΪǰλС̫Сˡ
оǺܿģλ׳СѾͷоԺᱻоԺĥԡбǣоԺҲнģСȫûг󣬸Ͳʣȥ󣬲ᷢʲô
в쵼Ҳλ׳ĵģȴǲģǱ˵ʡ
Сһֻоء
ԣˡ
ӢͷɵؿξԣϲĶȥѧУʲôͻ
飬иʱ䣬춫ξԵ
ӢһСԴ˹ƵģɿҡУУҲʮأôܲ顣
˵ˣʮ͸ö飬ҪԻƾܹ־ֵʮ꣬ǵƤĻ
Ӣһֱء
ǸеĿγ̣Ѿ˰ξٵ
ӢûУģʷЩҶᡣ
˵ӢСüͷһ˸ᡣȻСһһֺξ˵壬˵޵ģȻкööණǣҲӵÿһ͸еĿ֡Ҷ˼ǣѧУ
ǰϵͳڻûʱ˵Уں϶ҲĽġ
˵ĳΪˣҪץסһλᣬһˡоԼ֪Ķ磬ΪΪˣûúͻ
ҪӵһȻԽˣûˡ
Ӣ˵⻰ָͲĻ
Ҳ֪뷨ȷĻǴģֻ֪ӵһ
ֻһʣϲȥѧУ۾ͼȥξԿСѾͷЩţͰһЦ֣Ӷһõİ
ճİȺţЩԡ
Ӣӹͷ壬㲻𣿡
ξԣɶƼԺ쵼оԺҰһˡ
ʵҺĪ׳̫Щʮأ͸úúóЩ£ȳȥҲһ
Ӣͷԣһûأһкöණأѧѧ˲ųɡ
ҪѧĶкܶܶ࣬ھͽоԺ̫ˡңҲʺϺͱһоΪ֪Ķ̫Ƚˣûʵ֮ǰǿܶš
ξԵͷҪѧˣȥЩҪõľ߰ɡ
Ӣ˵ͷ뿪ʵҡ
¥ҵ񻪣С㺰־꣬һȥľߵꡣ
ÿѧҪõѧϰƷ񻪴Ӣһ½֣Ȼͻȥˡ
һ磬ξԵСﴩ룬ȥ˺ʵѧ
ʵѧǰʱɵģõĸСѧУû꣬Уո£¥½һ߻Ҫ࣬ʮ䣬֮⣬ѧרס¥
¥ге¥һѧһռᣬǷָСᡣ
ÿᶼ´Ĵ̣һ¥ᣬ¥Ůᡭ
Ӣ񻪵͵˺ǣܼ򵥣ֻҪ̾ͳɡʡһĵĳɼ̫㣬ټСжԸա
⣬Ӣ񻪶䵽ʵһ꼶һ࣬һͬ
ʦҲ˽Сģ֪һطˣһѧһȻģͲὫǷֿ
ͬѧ½
ÿ½ͬѧڿűߵһţһûСѾͷʱʶ˳ȥһ۹ڽİ༶ӡ
ֻΪһۿͬѧͺЩԾɵСžǸСѧͲеĽ
ӣͬѧе¡
֣ûߴΪɶСѧ
ͬѧ±Ƶĺܣ߽Һ󣬶ֵؿһۡ
кͳֲͬѧѾഺڣʮʮˣȥɣתɬҲһĶСҪ߳ö࣬͵ĺӣǺѺʮС浽һġ
ŵʱ򣬸һһİ߽˽ңǸʮͷʦݸ߸ߵģ۾һ۾
󣬿۰ڵһŵСѣȻͰһЦϽ̨ںڰдԼ֡
λʦմдǰ˶ĳʦУҵѧͻһҵͱ䵽˺ǣ֮󣬻˸еصࡣ
ʦͬѧһ̵ҽܣȻͰĿ䵽Ӣϡ
Ĵͬѧʦע⵽ǰŵСˢˢһתسСֻȥ
ͬѧǲǶɻΪʲôеĽȴСͬѧջߣŵѧЦ
ѧû˵ɰӢ񻪡
ҲҪͬѧǻشһЦӢ֣λСͬѧ̨һԼɣ˵˵ǵпɼ
񻪺Ӣʦ֣һۣλվȻǣ˽̨
񻪣ȽܡСվȣ͵
񻪵˵ͷߵ̨룬ҽ񻪣ʮһ꣬ǰж飬пɼ߰ʮһ
ͷֻûʲôһٶһ壬ͳ߿ƣÿһƶһٷ֣ټʮ֣־߰ʮ֣񻪵пɼܷﶼǺܸߵķ֡
񻪸˵Լĳɼ·ͬѧʱˡ
ﶼЩš
߰ʮһ
˻п״Ԫ߰ʮ֣Сõĳɼˡ
˵껰ͰλøӢ
ӢҲǼ˵ˣһ㶼¶ӣСظһͦŴŴ
ҽӢʮˣ񻪽һжģпɼ߰ʮ֡磬㣬Һ񻪽СǲҪ۸ŶһṦҪ۸ңһȥŶ
˵ȥʱӢСȭͷҫһա
;ãҪȸȺǽܿС۸ˣʱǻ᲻Ŷ
ǵʱ˵ˣȥǶ飬粻ߣҲûҪ̡Ҫ˭۸ʹȥֻҪ˴У嶼ġ
һαҳΪܣӢһ㶼ٴܵģҪǱ۸Ҳ´ܾˡ
ӢԼúˣȻͲٿˣСһ˵񻪵ߡ
һȺǱӢпɼûزĴͬѧǼȥĻ󣬷׷׶ľˡ
һ뷨СƨеקŶǻûӴȭͷܴ
ԣ߰ʮôģĪû۷֣һţиԸˬŮʡ
⣬ֹ棬Щ档
пѧƳɼֵĲûУ߰ȫõģȴֻһ
ɼϣһƼ˷֡
Сʮ꣬пҲѶȵģôҲܿ֡ƫѧУϣλ˵ˣС֡
Ӣͷںڵ۾˵˰һṦҪ֣⹫϶ҵġ
ô꣬ҪѧУ֣˵⹫ˣҲˡ
ͬѧ
㻹Ṧ򰡣


105 
С˵ԼṦ,һȺͬѧеЦá
Һ棬һرߣٽΪ,ûסЦ
ȤСͬѧҲṦ,һήʮƣɶ
Щ귢չر죬ЩͥѾӻ,˵е,ʱ,ǵ̨һĵӾ磬ǡɱ˷Ż÷,ܲͨĸҥرС
кʱ򣬿ͷˣҽʮƣߺ߹
ʮơɶӢСԺ
ֹ,ôû⹫˵
ͬѧһʮƶû,˵Լ
Ҳήʮ,ֻȭ
ѧôĹ˱,ӢеСˬˣСһ,ǳصȭԴԪĩ£ȭһ򣬶,ˤ,,ԻעĽʮɶ˵
⹫ȭʱ򣬾ôġ
˵ȭرƵɱУѾ¼ȭˡɶʮû˵϶ûȭ
˵ήʮƵͬѧ
֪ʮɶ˵ͺߺ߹ҽʮƾͶˡ
Ṧ򣿡ɡ
Ӣͷ
һҿȻҲŲš
ֲˣģɶҪݸ㿴Ӣͷеˡ
ӢԸʮСϲ˿ϲرԼѧΧڣ˭ͺ˭˫ͻƽȥʵʱһˣԸˡ
ұݣѡСѶͦģ˫۷Цһ¡
ӢСظһֱͦ˵˵ͬѧҲŲѣҿѣʮû˵϶ĩ򡣡
һԣ񻪿ѵý棬۹ӢҲųȥ
Ȼ֪ͬѧڶӢӣԼҵС˿ȥ
뿴湦ǰɣСȻ˵Ӣ۸˾ͳɡ
λͬѧӢĹݵģҽñ𿴡̧ͷŶӢͬѧͻȻ
УͲ£ʲôڡͬѧͱǡ
ӢͬѧߺߵŲᡣ
ͲᣬʮС˵е书ĲһһӢתͷһʦλ뿴ӢӵĹ֤ɣҪӢṦѧڵĽȫһ˸𡣡
ŵСŮĪģ;еѹˡ
λͬѧһʱУ̸˵Сͬѧ̫СȽѴѧϰ֮࣬Ҫעǵ
Ͼеѧת죬϶һ棬ڸп϶룬뾡⣬Ҳû£ô۸Сľͳɡ
һʼͲµû뵽ô죬ڵһҽܺ󣬾ͷˡ
šü룬׼˵ش򹦷򣬻λȥţͼһλССȭͷһգһҫļƣԣɨһѧڣҪҲ
ˣ
۾һ̧ҺţλͬѧһѧڵͲ㻹𣿡
ŵͬѧʦʻ۾ˢˢˣȻݵһתͷŶСѣȴе²̨ͬѧ
ͬѧԱߣһŮʴ˴ӦӦʱǰһ
أŮһ˵ͶˣȻ΢΢˵ͷϽӦ¡
Ҳ֪׻᲻Ṧ
бŮΪɶһҴɨôǲѣ򲻳Ȼɨ
Ů˸İۣ˼Сûǵļߣɨɶ

Ż᲻Ṧ򣬴ɨĶ
ôҲŲṦء
ʦ𻵵Ķ⣬ҵŶһ䣬Ӣתʦ˵һ䣬Ȼ˵עСȭͷ
ʦûӦӢ⻰ɶ˼ͼӢСȭͷһȻ󡭡ûȻˣΪȶˡ
һ죬ȵĽһµ˵ϡ
ʦͬѧ˼ؿӢȰӻСȭͷ
ˣ
Ŷһȭͷһȣ
Ṧ
±ƣһ˫۾Ӣ۵ȭͷǺþöز񣬲ز񣬰ϵͬѧҲʧˡ
ӢӣȻС֣صһĻṦ㲻۸ң˵ҪѧУ۸ˣţȥͺáҴģĻŶ
ŰϵСˣ
۸һȭܴӣ˭۸˭һء
ֵֹҽܻڣڽõ֮βˣǣӢ֣λϡ
СѾͷͷˡ
ӽ̨λͼ·ȫͬѧô۾ӢͻλӡǶӢͬѧŵң۾Բˡ
Ȼġ
һɨѻȸĽңȻһţڿʱ͵λͬѧѻĿȥѧУңźõĹ
˵꣬ת뿪˽ҡ
뿪ƿе֣ҵǼ·еͬͬŵƣһֱ߳ңֽŲЭ
ʦ뿪ɾĵġ
ӢǸͬѧڰȥʱ˺ôһ䡣
ǲӢǱ߿ӵʱ򣬻ǽض˵ӽţ˿
˿ȻŲӰѻ˽ҡ
Ӣѧһ죬͸Լ˸ã˽£Ժ϶ͬѧˣӦòٱҳˡ
ȷʵûͬѧˣͬʱҲһȺͬѧˡ
ǹǵģ񻪺Ӣûںˡ
ͬУǻһСһγΪѧУķѧһ죬ʦ칫ҹСӵĻ⣬ۿˡѧ֮ʱûۣΪҶ죬ֻ֪һ꼶صرСѧ
ѧһ죬ӢʶʦϤͬѧĹжȹ
ؼңӢͽʵңΪҵǵˡ
Ӣӣо𣿡̤ʵңƽͱһϣӭ
ʱξѸ߻ƽ򱨸棬оԺ˾϶λǵϡ
˾϶λڹ߼Ļܣⷽϲ룬ƽã벻Ӣͨһ£ܻܲȥ롣
ӢԼĵԣͷţ¸о˫ѧǿϵͳ𣿡
ˣϵͳŪôͷ𣿡
ϵͳĲָ̫ˣൽʮһ𿪹ҲҪһдȻӢ⡣
ƽеüĿЩֲܻ
мЭ㣬ĳЩɻǵĳ룬⻹ֻǸտʼָ漰ҪдĿϵͳµҪЩʱ䡣
ƽӢӣȻҲ˾ǵļƻֻһʦоԺѧ˾ǵϣҲֻ뵽ĳһϣҪȫ뵽ܲС
ӢСüͷһ벻
˵˺ð£զͲأ
ӢСüͷ룬Ȼ̧ͷξԣ壬ȥ򱨸棬˵˾ǵϵͳָдҪȫ˾ǵϡ
дϵͳˣֳɼףǱ߿϶Ὣϸ
ξԵ˵ͷɣͷ߸롣
Ӣһѣҵһ½Ĺ㱳¥
¥£ѾܱķƽڸӢƮŨĲζӢѵЬӣŽѾ߽ݣСûͷƵģɳһɣͷ컨壬˴
ȼϡ
ĿǰȫĻȶõľƯĻɾƯƷģӢҲûȹڵĻȶ١
ÿλձ󣬶εʧܡؼģһǼṹǶװãǿϵͳ
ϵͳһ飬ӢֻҪмṹ붯ȼϷϣŪѲ
ļṹҲģĿǰĻṹͺܺãڿƼûﵽǰṹǲʲôģʧؼģǶȼϡ
Ŀǰȼ֣һǹ壬һҺ壬ȼָľǷȼϡ
ȼϻ¸ѹȼԻѧתΪܣתɶӶƶǰСעһҺȼϣ͡ƾú͡Һ⡢Һȵȡ
Щȼƶգȴȫȶ
Ҳֵ͹͸߹ģ߹һھã͹ΪáӢʵ֪һȼϣȼǿһϣɽ߹С
ӢװȼϣǺȼϡ
ȼϵĲȶԱȼոһСģͼΣɲ⡣
Ȼɲֻʱѡ
ǼʱգԴѾȫھ˱ԭӺ˸ǿǾǹߡ
Ǽʵļɹɣּ⣬ƯëӹŪļɲһһֹļԴݻһ
ЩӢ棬֪ȴͻ
ڿѧѾֵĺȼգŪס
ӼСüͷŻȼϵ¡
һ룬뵽˳Է
Դװ£ӢԷԵЩ
ƽ־չӢ꣬ѾȫԸ񣬿СѾͷ߳û
ӢôһֱţԼ˯ˡ
۾ǰȴ˽Ŀ꣬ǾоԭӺˣȼõϡ
뷨ܴ󵨡
˵󵨵ˡ
˵ķжֲѾ֪оȻúĶȴɵΣ
ӢúȼƽҪоľηֹй¶
治ǿЦģһй¶ˣˣٷְٻһꡣ
֪ʶ治
ðϵ¶һţѧ֪ʶУоһܰٷְٸ˷Ĳϣ𴲣Ҳѧ鼮
һ磬ӢһۣԴ˹
Ьÿ˸ξԵסС׷
Ӣ칫¥Ŀռܴ¥Ƕ׷УֻӢסǼģΪȱˣƽ־
壬һЩѧɣڹⶼҪҪȫġһÿţӢ̧СξԵ
ξӦãһᾡҪȫ
ӢһȻСЬյ˻ȥƽѾ緹ŪãӢϡͺһȥѧУ
칫¥ѧУЩ룬糵ʮӣΪ˷ӢѧξԻͷһĦгӢѧ־ڽ͡
вӦʱ򣬲ſѧڶ죬Ҿͽѧϰ״̬
糿ѧӱУ԰ԱͬѧҪСһȦСѣ˺ʵһУעĿĴڡ
̤УӢ񻪣׼ȥϸٽҡ
ѧУĲڽʦ칫ҵߣҲ֪ǲǰѲط칫Ҹ²ļʯϣשǽвһŮһ
Ӣ񻪲ߵשǽǶһŮ࣬ǰСӣһǽ񻪣
Ů𾪣УŷŭӢ񻪶ûˣҲĲԾ
Ϊ˵񻪡ֵʱ򣬶Էҧ˵ġ
׼Сһۣ;òԾˡ
ǸŮȴûԾƽصѽһ񻪣һӢڵСѿˣǻ·ˣ֪п˶ٷ𣿡
ٷ֣
ࣺһ߰壬һ߰ʮһÿǵԴôģôôˡ
໰£ǸŷŭŮĬ˺һʣ֪࣬𣿡
ࣺ֪еģҼǵãСʱгģ˵𣿡
УŮȻθߣرü
ŵˣˬ̭һ䣺ʩɶУˡ
ʩһǽ֧Ŷ䣬͵̸Ӣ񻪣ʱ֪ǵŮ˭ˡ
ӢСԴһתݵһ¿񻪽㡣
ʩⲻ񻪽ͬĸĽ
ôҲںʵһУ
ʩֻ񻪴꣬㣬ȷʵӦǶһˣֻǣΪɶҲʵС
ѽ鷳ˡ
ʩͳȻֻϹĴΣÿӡǻģҲ֪֪񻪽ˣ᲻񻪽鷳
Աߣʩ֣üͷһӢԱ߽ʦ칫ҵĹսǶ˹ȥ
ͬʱһʩҲʯשǽ˳
ƺܲã߳ʱ򣬻һࣺ˵仰ŵ㣬Ӱ
߳࣬ʩĻһ㣬Ȼʩı޵úõģʲôף񾭲
˵껰Ҳʩһˣһת¥ȥ
ʦ칫ҹսǴӢһǰһ뿪ŮСüͷһ񻪽㣬ʩ񡣡
ϤǰӢӲԼϲʩģĺᡣ
Ҳ߰ɣȥϲӢӣʩӺЩãѧУӦô󣬲鷳ӢӣԺԶ㡣ǣӢ֣˲
ӢС죬һ
ͳû£ɶҪߡ
ߺߣͳȭͷرӲǸʲôʩҪ񻪽鷳ʹ


106 
Ӣļܺ,ʩͻʩ
ǵʩǱţʱ,񻪽սһʱ䣬ʩ¶Ҫˡ
Ӣʩӡһ㶼,ڻǵãСʱйվʩʱ˵Ļ
ʩ˵,͵û񻪽㡭
˵仰ʱ,Ǻܵ,ʱʩͻʮӡ
ʮ,ܲ˵ֻˣӢĵּɵ
񻪽㣬ʩǲǿˣ
Ӳ,ӢͻȻʡ
һ㣺ǿ,ûôȥע
Ӣһ,ʣ񻪽,ʩ׿𣿡
㣬ҵһ,־ȥЩʱϵҳ˶ٷ,Ȼûˡ
ʵҲм,˾¥ŵг,͹ģ˺þˣһֱûж
ʱ˵ʩҲ
ȷʵʱ䣬ʩֻ̫̫һΣүӲأҪɵʱ
ȥ游һۡ
ûȥ壬ܿʩˡ
߰ɣȥҡûж̸ʩңʩΣϵҲȥעʩҵ¡
صûãϿ
һϿΣӢе㰴಻ס뿴Լˡ
Ѿ˿ϿϰߣŽѧУأԼ飬ʦ顣
Щ飬ҹϵӱϽѰصģеǹ顣п϶ȳϸģ鱻ȥˣҪˡ
뿴飬ֲܿӢϿζе
ڣеڴˡ
ֻҪúãʦ϶ͻϲţϲԽԽˣͿϿοСˡ
ѧڶ죬Ӣжȹ
еƽæµԴڲǱʩĶԻӢװʩܻҲ׼ǵѽȣǵȵһºҲ˶û
ǸһʼҪ˵ήʮƵģʱ䣬еǷǷģʱʱܵӢǰȻСצצ
ͬѧжŽȫʮ꣬еߣӺ񿴵ЩħӢСֵʱܻ᲻һĹ
Ӣ
˵
ƫ˾ԽԽģӢ챻ˡ
£ӢɶҲû鶼ûʱ俴ˡ
ڵһţϿεʱżдддɶʽʱ򣬶ʦ֣Сÿʦرע񻪣ɶҲɲˡ
Ψһ£ǰѸһĿƸȫѧˡ
һ£¿ˣӢ۾ˣĦȭƣһõģʦǶϲ
ͷһأӢóȫһԡ
֣ˣžӼ˼£ȷԼû⣬һ˫۾ݵһתƵؿʦ
ʦ֪ӢɶӣӢһ£ĶãǾСϿκ񲻴רģʱʱҪͬѧҪˡƫǰרĵ̫СˣʦĽ߿һģ־ãӴȥСװ۵֣ܲˡ
¿꣬ɼˣӢԸԳؿ˸֡
ܳɼ˦ڶʮֵĳɼһϲ㡣
μʱ䣬Χȥڰ屨ϣ¿ɼͬѧǣûҵԼĳɼһӢֳɼסˡ
ˣ
֣
λѧ񣬻ţһ㲻Ȼ˸֡
ھ֪Ӣ˭
ȵͬѧ֪ӢһСǸѧ˶ľˡ
ɶţ
ôﲻȥ࣬ܵͨ۸ˣ˼
꣬ԺУѾȫĺӣǾǱ˼ҵޣǽһʮģн࣬ǵıֽ˺ü졣
ԣҶãž͸ȥࡣ
ͬѧôΪӢʦҲôΪ
ҪСɼֺáһİΣڳɼԥһϣӢѼҳ
Ӣ
ɶͳѾôˣҳ
Ӣ۾һƳҪˣʦûܣҾϿ񣬿ԲҳԺ󶼲ˡ
ֻҪǸѧûһҳ
Ӣ
Ӣ;ãʦе̫Ͽˣ˵һȻҳ
Ҫ޵СѾͷ
æͣͬѧֻһҳѧϰȶѡ
Ӣһ㡣
۾ˮӣ˵վգݵһûˣɶѧϰȣ
ͷ
Ӣʹҳ
ȻؽҰɡ
Ӣ˵СԴı뿪˽ʦ칫ҡ
ֻҪΪɻ¶ҳӢǲզµġ
ӢںߣҳξԣԣʱξԸӢһȥѧУӢļҳʵҲͬѧǵ˼ࡣ
Ӣͣһʱ䣬ѧпγ̣ܽࡣξ̸̸ҪҪӿӢĽѧȡ
뷨ܺãƫӢԼԸⰡ
ӢԸ⣬ξҲûҪСѾͷĳЩ棬ѾܴѧִˣûҪȥ࣬ѧֻѧѡ
ξҲλᣬ̸һйӢڿϿ¡
ӢڸԹϿβܿ飬ʱ䶼˷ˣţʲôʱҴӢ¸ʵš
˽Ӣѧϰȣһ˽⣬±ˡ
ΪξԸ˵ӢѾѧˣΨһûнӴģĿƣ˵ôͨһ£Ӣ¡

ѧУһСģ˸˲õĺӡ
Ӣ˲ãһһͬѧҲͬôá
ɼһ￴Ӣͱˡ
һһ£ﱾûôӢ񻪵ģСֻʹҼģǶ֮࣬ഺ¶̸ССŮ֮Ļ⣬ΨˣȫǵȤãʱ򣬰װĳ鱾ǡ
治һ죬Ȼûעˣǡڣǲעˡ
ģְ
ʲô󣬾Ȼֳ
ʮ£𽥱仯
һ˿⣬Ŵء̫ӢıѧУ죬鶼ˣȫԼҪ顭
ΪξѾʦͨˣϿʱֻҪŵˣ뿴ʲôͿԿʲô顣
Ӣرˣ׼Ҫѧоµȼϡ
ιСƨͦܶ
ѧУ¥¥ϣһݵһ´ӹս¥˳
ǰ񻪣ںӢ˵ûע⵽¥ݿվ˸ˣһ̨ףһȥ
ţһ£žʹ¥ݿϹ
Ӣ񻪵ĺ棬СҪˤˮ۾һһ죬Ȱ˽ס
Ӣ̧СŸղͻȻ磬ĽŲܷñˤġ
бӢ񻪣Ҿͷզˣ¥ôû۾ĲŻˤ
磬Ҳ𣿡Ӣһ֪ǹġ
Сһ壬ʡ
ǺǣСƨ֪Ҳ簡ǺһЦ
֪ҽӢԽͬѧҪٽСƨҾ͸ʦӢСȭͷ
һ£ûȵʩҲ磬ڣ˸ĪģߺߣͳŲǺ۸ģٽСƨӣˡ


107 
ŰС,˵Ҫ״СһЦ˵СƨˡֻСƨŻŸ״
ӢСԴһҡ״Ļ,һҳ
еӢ˼
ɶ˼Īǣ뺰ְ
ѧУ,ʲôáǺһЦ۾һתͿ񻪣ι,һ,ȥѧУС,̽
һ񻪣
У԰谡
ϱûϣⱲӵײˡ
֪,ڴǡӢȥ̣СԴһתʱ֪ΪɶĪˡ
ӢСһģ,Ȼ,ȥǡ
,,Žȫͱ˹,Ҳ֪жңһͷŨܵͷ紵ˡ
һǸѧУ̫,ںʦٶȵˡ
Žȫ,ԼҰϵС,סĻħ˵ʲô٣ûħȥǡ
Žȫ
ҿ϶ǻˡ
ɶǣСѾͷӴŶ֪˭ħҲԼˣͶ䣬ŵĿӢ
Ӣҹ˭㶼ȥ̣ΪɶҾͲȥǣȥȻ
ȻôӢû˵ֻ첲һ̧ƣôǰȭ
Сȭͷ󣬿ȥûκ
ĶŽȫСѾͷȻħȭͷһ⣬ԴӦ죬һȥӢ
ħѧǿʮ꣬սвһ£һɼõѧѧУҫ
ֹѧУ
ǰѧͽϵåһ𣬽ֵһϷ
ϷǽſģȥһΣȥϷɶһȥͱƸŵˡ
ȫЩƦå̺Ⱦƣдܵġ
ʶûǱ˸ŵˡ
˵ϷɶõطԺȥҲ۲ǼϷȷʵɶõطرҡ
ħƫϷĳ͡
ʵѧǺõĸУзżģŽȫЩɣǲߺţʵѧġ
úܣϵСԺҪϡ
Žȫһ˲䣬Դת˺üȦӢӢҲѾˣȻ󡭡ûȻˡ
ħӢĻǵˣ֣ȥָȥӢȭͷСצצһţצץסӣȻ˳һק¥ݿϵͱ¥ݣһˤ˵ϡ
קر꣬ƮƮģ棬¥ݿϵǸȴʵʵˤˡ
˾ȵһĶŽȫ
ħզˤģ
ȵȣСǻṦСš
˵ߵˡ
ŽȫѧӢϳԿЦˡ
ǣЦˡ
һЦɰǿˡ
ǿͷһ࣬׺ݵؿŽȫ
ŽȫǿҲʱ򣬻ְˣɲ˵
һ죬ӢԼ󣺡ʲôǿһʮ߰Ĵˣ۸ʮСãأ
۳ӻͷһؼŽȫͿʱȫǳЦ
ɶȻСȺ治һ飬Ҳűͬѧ۸һģСֻ۸ˣǴǰ
ŽȫеǲԷڵĻᡣ
Сƨ£ȴŪˤ˵ǿͺŽȫһðˡ
ӵһȭͷŽȫϴȥӵ£Ҫˣúӣ¡
ŽȫȻһֱʮƣҲϲƯô󣬻û˴ܡ붼û뵽ǿĸѧУ֣һ죬ϰǿһȭ
ӴŽȫСͳʹȻһȻˣȻסԼ°ֵͣؿǿ
ǿˣҫرŤһŤһ¡
ǿСӣûãȭͷӲá
һߣŽȫӢԼͬѧˣСݵһˣҵȭͷӲ
˵ţСѾͷһƣ񻪸ƵǽȻȭͷʹȥ
ӢСȴǴͿʼڼҹģȭͷ治һܳģȻỴ̄ȴͨܶࡣ
еޣ򲻵
Ҳû£ĶӸոպá
ӢһȭͷȥǴ˻һǿһģݵһ¾ǽˤȥɫҲͷƵģ𽥿ʼͨ졭
ĳѾͷҴҡǿŶӣǿʹصӢ
ӢСظһֻͦ׼ˣͲ׼Ҵˡ
ǿ죬ſҪӢ
ӢŲأʹˣȶ֣ᴦ
ѧǽѧУʱ¥ݿһʮ꣬˸һʮңССŮôˣһ¥ݿˡ
Ǻ³ٵѧУˣ¥ɡ
ǿɲǣѾ˽ʦ칫ңȥȱˡ
ȻӢǲҪȱġ
ⳡĪļܣþһ˵
˫͡˭Ƕܶ࣬ǿҪһӢǷַӾܽ£ȻڡȴˣӢַֽ
Ӣ˴ſأСצһǿ뷭ѡ
ǿʶԼƺߵˡ
ʲôأѧУܣûˡ
ǿӢס£칫ҵʦˡ
ʦرӢǿ򣬽˲ŷ֣Ǳˡ
ǿʦһŤͷæʦӢҡ
һԣ°ͻڳʹĶŽȫǿôҪݵһ·֣Լ°¶ʦ֤ǿȶ֣㿴ݶѪˡ
ô£ʦŻǿŵСѾͷüͷ˽ᡣ
Ӣͷһûɿǿ˼ʦͬѧ񻪽̣Ȼ󱻶ŽȫײˣʹŽȫȻҾʹˡ
һθ״Ӣ״رмɡ
һֲᷴٵ£⻰¹˭Ķǿ
һӵĿǿ
ˣСͬѧҪǮ̣ǿȥ칫ҡʦӢĻһɣ
ʦҡǿţǰǸ
ʦָһ͵õǿͷϣŭ㻹˵˼СѴ㣬㶪۵ģҲ㡣
۳ӣ˵
ʦһקǿ·Ͱ˰칫ң¥ݿǿģȫŹֵضӢ
ǿզ˼Сģ
ˣ˵С棬иṦţĪǣСͬѧģ
һȺ˾;ĺܣҪϰǲҪΧһ¡
ӢǿʦקߺգգۣȻȥ˸񻪻жŽȫһ˽ҡ
Ҫϰˣܳٵ
ܵһڵ¥㣬Ӣһ̧㿴Աµ¥ݿڣʩҲ
һͺӢǷתȥ
Ӣʩ࣬Ҳ֪뵽ɶһתסŽȫ磬ղŴǸͬѧĸģ
ŽȫģӢԺѧҴһ£ǿϵߵýղ϶Ź㡣


108 
Žȫ⻰ûһˮݡ
ǿȻڶ,Ϊȴ˵ƦåӢ棬,϶ѧУһСǻ㹦򣬵̫СˣҪǿߺһ,϶ҪԿ
˵Сû
¿ѹһеļ,ըࡣǧ׳,ȫûһܵù,ܲҲܲ
ѧУ򲻹,Ҫȥ򡣡Ӣ졣
Ҳ̫ˡ
Žȫͷžͳɡ
ӢѶŽȫĻȥˣͷҼҳ춼ңҪңùĿ϶
춼ѧУ,Ųء
Ӣ˵껰,°еĺͬѧ,Ҳһܵ,ֲһǵҲС,ɱµˣԺҪ£ȥֵ,ǱмӢ˾,ȥ˸Ӣ˾ĽӴ˵,ǵͬѧͳɡ
ף㸣ġŽȫӢĵʡ
Ӣͷš
ŽȫҲס񻪵İ¿Ǽҷװϰ𣿡
Ӣǰɡ
Žȫ񻪻תǣסǶӢ˾ܽпˣҴȥ棬Ŀɶˡ
ӢŶһû֨
˽˽ңԼλϡºӢ۾ŴһҲ֪뵽ɶ֣˴񻪡
񻪽㣬ղǸҲĻͬѧģʩҲģ˵ǲʩѰ鷳İӢѹʡ
񻪣пܡ
겻ɢô죬ǿҪˣ϶¡
ӢСɵһѧУͬһ꼶񻪽ʩ֣ǿ϶ʩҲ񻪽֡
񻪽ʩű˵ġ
񻪽㱻ʩʹ͵ˣµˣֱ񻪽ͽ˼˵ѾǶ⣬ǳ޵⡭
˫ⲻԶûԺ͵Ŀܡ
ϴʩǰ̸ԣѹԹܰݡ
һ¹ȥȴһֱûҲ磬ղǵҲͬѧĪǡǿʩˣ
ͬѧУҺǱܲģͷӣܲܰŪߡƵص
ʩǸ軵ŮСûȷţҪ֣ܽȥ
ӢԵ˵ͷûپʩˣһйزѧóʼ濴ˡ
񻪽ʩײ񻪽ϣߺߣҪùġ
ӢЪ̸ʦȥ칫ҵǿҲˣһͺǰʩֹ
̸ɶû֪˵鶼ãʩ۵˼ֺݶ
ӢµʩѾǰ񻪺赱˳ˣ˼ά񻪺Ҷĳ֣ʹεġ
Ҳ񻪵ĳֿ֣ʼ䵭ġ;ãһеĲ⣬񻪺ġ
û񻪣϶ǼóСҪɶɶڣְֶ䵭Ҳ˸Ǯզ
Ǹҷ·һ
һУҶĸŮġ
ʩ޵õѪȴƮƮľͷˣû
ϿڿԿˣӢɸˣҲʦξԴк֪ӢѧϰȵĶˣεʱܻ·СѾͷߣȻ϶һ顣
ϸֹʽ󣬴ʦҲʼʦˣѧӢʦ軵ĺܣŸͬѧǲҵʱ򣬰Ѹҵ͵Ӣ
ֻΪӢĲУö඼ǻѧʽңһȫӢĵ顣ʦ;ãС²ǸѧţĽȡ
һԣʦԳӢƵĳɼ⣬ʣµľˡ
ѧʦǶãֻеЩϽӢúʸ˳ӢʦǶ͹ˣüͷ붼ˡ
ӢǸеѧƣǰк͸пγ̣ʦʵҲڱѧ̡߽
ԴӢҵȥλʦٿʱ۾͸Ĺ⡣
Ӣ˾¥ϵʵѾʼתӢоȼԴһǺȼϣֲִڶ֪ⷽʶ
ҵӢ꣬;ãСãҪȫˡ
Ҳʵҵ֪ʶۻȻӢĽŲ
оȼ֮ǰӢҪŪߣȷĿξԴ򱨸ȥˡ
ȻҪȼϷоʵҾͻоҵķй˳ȥڵ칫¥㽨õľϽģҲѡ
̿ɰξ۵òᣬ¿ûãʵһоͶﱸˡ
ξҲѾͷ뵽ӢҪĲϡ
ӢԲѧЩİʵҲİ֪Ĳ϶ǼʱյĲϣЩ룬һһԣԳȫķ˲ϡ
Ѿ˲ķ˷ˣӢֻҪǰ˵оʵͳɡ
˷ҪߣܶԽ߷ԽǿҪ˵Ŀǰ֪ĲʲôܶߣǷǽﰲɣⶫ飬һܱɷĩеǧ߰ٶȡ
ܶǺܴ󣬵иȱݣɷĩ󣬳ͻ
Ӣʵо˺üֲϣóݣЩ⡣ܷЧȴǿ⣬Դһת˽桭
ܶôǿ̫ϧˡ
ϸĥһ£ֲܲܽڽĲҪǿԵĻԺ󲻶һͲϡ
ûŪԼҪĶӢҲ٣תͷξԸ׼ϡ
ȥӢְģѧˡ
¿İº󣬶챻Ӣ׵ԴǿҴڸеĴ
̤УŵС㣬ͱ׷ĶŽȫסˡ
Ӣ񻪣ǵȵȡŽȫгѧУ˳
ߵЩе㴭ˡ
磬ɶ𣿡ӢŽȫĺͷ
ӢҴ˽𣿡ŽȫţתͷĴһ¡
аǱߵҡӢһֶָָ־ꡣ
ŽȫָȥǱ˸ˣŵģ΢΢ȥ
˿⼸䵥Ҹղ¥ʱǿͱ˵Ҫǡ
ŽȫǺСһܵģǿĻһ⣬¥׷ˡ
Ӣں۾һɶҪǣ
Žȫͷ
ӢСһУ￴һ£Ȼһתͷ־ȥ
壬иͬѧҪҺ񻪽㣿е£Ӣһܵ־ǰͿ˸״ģʽ
˭־ͷһʡ
ӢСһţԼѧУǿĳͻ־ꡣ
˵ĻɫĶŽȫҪȫ̲ҪΪСı۸ˡ
״һ˾ûС
ȻؼңԺҺһǡ˵գ־ͷһ̧һ۶Žȫ
Ӣ壬ͬѧŽȫҺ񻪽㣬ǿˡ
־һŽȫӢ۵׵ľ裬ʱɢࡣ


109 
Ӣ֪ŽȫҲסڸǱߵ,Ǳһȥ
ŽȫûоܾôӢˡ
ֹ,һˣҲ֪Ȼסǿǡ
־ӢĦгŽȫг,Ϊ׷ϣ־ٶȡ
ҲٶȣǱ˸ˡ
,ôҪġ
Ӣɶƨǿ뿪ѧУ,ȴڰ·ϱ˸סˡ
Ƿչ,Ħг½ϡеݳƷһжܿһ,ɺȴвˣȺƦå·ĿĦг
ÿĦг϶ˡ
ЩձᣬЩͬ,ǻڵĳ,ȫȿ,ͷһɫз,һͲˡ
Ħгͣ,Ӣ־󹻳ԴƳ۴˶ǿһָ,,۸ҵĻ
Ѿͷ,ܰΣӿܡǿмĦгһ磬ӳ
һЦŵؿűĦг
ԱߣȺǿ˵ģһ飬Ħгϳ˼ֹܳȻ׷³ֹĵĴ֣һקӣĦг˹ȥ
־ûӦΧʮˣȻͷ˳ĦгӢ
ڿСѾͷСһ˲䣬־˾ϡ
۾أѾЩӵĶŽȫ˾䣺ҳ
ŽȫѾˡ
ֻǿ˵ҪӢȴû뵽ô¡
־ĻŽȫ϶ԼгȻĦг
ˡ
Žȫȣ־ˣţĦгͻȻ
Ħгһ쭷磬ɲǼֵȥ
һǿʮ죬ס
ǲûסˣýģĦгˤˡ
׷
ǿƺû뵽־ܣϳߺһȻ˾Ϳʼ׷
Ǻңÿ죬ȴЩϣǿĦг׷ϻŰӣ·߿ǵˣȴţֻæرܿ£һҪ˼ûС
ɵȱ壬ǴȥְɡӢקס־·СԴһֱ濴Щ׷һ
ȥ֡־Ŀǰһתȥֵ·
ѧУеԶĦгʮӣһ·ϣĦн׷ᣬϵȺƦåߺȵرס
Ҳ㣬ãô׷׷Ӣǵĳ
ʮӺĦгɳ۽ֵֵԣһ̯ӱߣϰĦгһ̧ۣͿ
ϰһ˳ְ̯ϵľڼϾ·ȥ
ߵòҲ־ĳӿҪ̯ʱҲߵ·롣
ţ־Ħгŵľ߲˹ȥȻϰ·ӲȰ㣬Ŵľ·룬ת˼Ȧ
һת׷Ħгͱľˡ
ĦгڼУľľȣͷһᣬͺˤ˳ȥһˤɲͱˤĦгˡ
׷ļ죬ôһľˡ
ϰҲˤˣһˤȥͳɤӴ𣺡ЩƦå·쭳ɱ𣿡
ϰû£гġЬӡ͵ġһѷӿ˺öˡ
Щ˶һص㣬Ǿǳ˸϶ر÷в÷죬־ĺܡ
һȺû¾ͰǿȺ죬ȫ׽סˡ
Ⱥӱˣ׽ر̫ף׽ס˺ɱϰҪȥ֣Ȼ󣬴ͰŰ;ȥˡ
ڵǲȥ˾֣Ǿû֪ˡ
Ҳǿˣ붼û뵽ǾȻԸͷ
ңԵرҡ
һߣѾӢ˾ĦгӢ׽˵Ϸ뿴˸ȫ̡
ں۾Сǣյá
ɱɲɱ壬Ϻöö壬һи
ߺߺߣ±ͳ񻪽㣬군ˡ
Ц꣬ӢС֣һת¥ȥ
̫ˣ˵öѶŽȫˣߵʱ򣬶ǸξԽȻ󡭡ŽȫôξԸ¥¡
Žȫһ£Щޣгˣȥ϶ҪԹӡ
һߣ־Ӣһ¥ͽƽ뿪˰칫¥ȻĦг뿪塣
һյǿ˱廨ڽ䴦֨ѽһ򿪣ߴӰ̤˽
ǿһУǸӢ˺￩һ£ʱ֪Լߵˡ
־ƽݣûǿһۣתԱһˣôʳˣ
һǳСѾͷģǳСȥģǱеϵ
־꣺ֲǹʰ𣿱ܸɾǲʩ׿
ǣǿ˵˶СѾͷʩ׿ŮָʹġҡͷѸղ£־˵һ¡
鲻ӣ˵ˣֻǰŮ֮һʩٿǮǿʰ񻪣һѵǿڹ۲һʱ֪Ӣ춼д˽ܣһȺ˵ˣǾ˽ⳡ׷
־üͷһǣٹ
˵գƽ뿪Сݡ
µĺΣӢ񻪶Ӣʹ־ƽöΣ־ǲ˵
ڴǵСѾͷֻҪĸԼоͳɣĳЩĶҪ֪ҲûҪ֪
Ӣֻ֪֮ǿûѧУһѧУʧĻʩ񡭡
ֻʧˡ
ӢĵطǺڱ滮Ϊ󣬵һνϴ
رĿ쵽ˣƦåȡ
ǹֵľֳˣĹ־ֱֳίɵģ򣬽ɶӢʱ֪֮⣬ǽĳαߣˣߣܻߣ˶ѧ
һ㶼ûԩǿͨˣ˱˽ʵһС
ȻЩӢ֪ġһֱºʩ׿Լ񻪳ȥԷ񻪻΢˵һ㡣
ʩ׿ĺǿǷչһݹͣˣȱҲŵ㣬Ǿǲ̶ܽŮ
ʩĴڣиӢвͷġ
ҵķչ벻ƼģĴ˿ӣΨһֻδƵģӢûгСŮ
ǲСŮһʧ
ӢĿռ׸Ѿ˹ʿѧҵӣкЩԸ뻪
ļȻҶҴţ͸¶һĽȴǻĿǰҪġ
һУӢġ
ʩ׿ȻǿĴŮȴӢвͷʩ׿̸һλţʩ׿ͱ˺ǣȥ롣ͬʱʩҲˡ
ʩ׿Լ񻪳ԷҲûʲô˼뿪ǰһ񻪡
Ӣ񻪵Щ£СüͷͰ·ˣû˵ĲӬ簲ˣͳҲøɻˡ


110 
Ӣ˵ɻ,ǾǸɻ
ЩŪﰵܲں˷ϣãܿ˷,ԺȼΪƽ̫С
ȼϣֻͻô,ϵԺķɴƻ
ǼʵķɴԺԴΪȼϣ̫аġ
һ֮ξĽﰵˡ
ڲϵĵ,Ϣ,˵ƯһϢ,Ҫ´һǶλϵͳǰǸõĶλϵͳ,ۡ
Ϣһըڹը˻
ƯǰĶλϵͳ弸ʱյ,˫,βͬ,õĶλϵͳ,ԼһסȻλϵͳܺãſƼ,ƺЩƯˣԣ׼ٴδһµĶλϵͳ
µĶλϵͳȫ
ӢϢʱ,ʵŹʽ
СѾͷϲ,˵Ưǵҵ,СһȻϷĻ¥ȥξԣξԸ١
һҪƯµĶλǰѻǸŪϿգұǸ߹ǣʧܡ
еļٲ룬ξȴ뵽ˣĻǳ٣˿ԣӢʱȥѧУˡ
һ˼ڣӢʹ֣һͷʵ
ȻϳˣӢ밴ԼĲ
ú˷ΪȼգûܸȶоǱҪһ⡣˿գеʱҲôЩ꣬һελԺȫ
ﰵܶĿǰֵĲУߵĴڣرȫӢСŶӣоʵ˽ϰֲϣʧܺڽﰺˮںһˡ
ˮͬܶȸߣˮҲȥȴûⷽĹǣΪˮܶȸߡֲһϾγһܶȵĲϡ
ʣµ⣬Ǳεֶ۵̵ˡ
ﰵ۵ڶǧ߰ٶȣˮ۵ֻʮŶȣ̵ʮŶȣˮڻϣȼһգ˲ͻӷûˡ
ӢҪģֲڵͬʱᱻȼȼʱƻ
ӢüͷŬϵͳǻԱоƬеĶ
һ룬졣
ڵʱӢ뵽һܽ۵㲻ͬİ취ǾǽˮڽȻڽڷøµĲϡ
²ϣһ⡣
ӢԼе㲻á
룬ȥξԣûвⷽоԺ
壬ɶ¥ξסС׷Ӣƿţξɳϣһµģ
ξԻع񣬿һ۽ŵСѾͷûʲôôʱæˣ
ӢһʵңԷǲģڲĵӡСѾͷʱĪʲô⡣
ţ壬дŵ𣿡Ӣͷں۾ɵξϿһ¡
ξһЦûУӢʲô£
ӢߵɳߣֿһξԣȻջߣ壬ԼĲоԺ𣿡
У΢һ˵ţξȥ鷿Ƭ̺鷿һļг
иоϣ㿴ξ԰ļݸӢ
ͷͲµӢܻʵҺԣЩʱѾˡ
ӢӹļУϸһ£ȻСָͷָŹƴĳоԺ壬һ
˵ţӢæ¥ǷԼĸ
壬ϴϣȥϵһоԺǱߵĸȲϣܸȵʲô̶ȣǧȵ֮£ûа취ˮʮŶȵ̵ϡ
ξԽӹӢϣ˵ͷɣȥϵԷ
ӢţǾظɣͰϣ͵ƴµһоԺȥ
ƴоԺңͺоԺһǿҲʽά֣ȻҸͬҲͬһطȴ໥
ξԣһᾡɡ
ӢСԴ˵㣬û׼Լȥ
ߵſشӢͷˮ۾·ܿ͸һа㣬ξԵʣ壬ûʲô𣿡
ξСѾͷʻ񣬵ûУѾĵˣ͸Լٰɣȥ档
ͲˣŽȫԼң˵ĩȥǵһʲô㳡棬˵кöҪȥӢһЦ˵ţ뿪ξסķ䡣
صСüͷ˼ɳϣȻ˸ղƿξԷɲǣξϿĺ塣
ֺ壬ӢСʱ
Ǳд̵ǿϿģǿʱϾֱ顣
ӢȷԼûпղϾֱ顣
ʲôˣ
ӢԴһͻȻ翪ʼе겻ᣬȥǱọ̈վڴߣŴš
ӢξԣξӢ֮󣬳ڷվһȻ·˰칫¥
ʱӢ˸ڷĶ
Ӣʶվſڡ
뿴ʱξѾ¥ȥ¥¡
ӢɣתȥҵƽƽξԵƽҲ֪Ӣ˵ξԣҲü
ֻһС߰˵ʱξԴϱָֻ顣
ƺ磬ֻӢĴ
Ӣξûɶ£¸ˣȻԼĶ
Ȳƽ˳ȥӢ˺ȼϵоСȼֳѱȼϣͨѱǺ˾۱ģһں˵վ
弸ʱ򣬸ëӹԴ˵һ˵վ꣬ҲڳﱸԼĺ˵վӢϣ׼ѵһ˵վ̩ɽϡ
ңӢСʵкܶйغȼϷϣⶼξԴӽʡǸԴоġ
ӢСƵģææµµͶоڼ䣬ǱߣйǵҲˡ
ӢĶλǣĿǰȷʵͿڶȼϻϵͳһء
йϵͳϣӢֻǴɨһ±ˣؿĻǶȼϡ
治˵˵ѣϿգȼѾõҺҺ⣬õȴúͣ˵úͲãúܴﵽߵĶúͻأʱ䲻
ȱ㣬ĳڵƽҺҺá
Ӣ˽ʱ䣬Űȫ꣬ÿһҪȫǵԺ档
µͬʱñʣڷȼһعһ£Ȼ¿ٶתԼʵҡ
ȼһ飬Ǻȼá
ֻҪúȼϱȶ϶׽߹졣
Ӣæʱ򣬴ӽʡǵӢ̵ҲæһºӢ˾
ϴ򣬴رһУ֮ſʼжģԣӢææöûʱӢ
ΣȻӢ˾ȴӢģξԵġ
һξ˵̵Ϣ
ǱǣξǸ׶Сѧ꼶Ůʧˡ
׶ǱߴϢ˵Ƿѧ󲻼ģȻʵΣξȴ˭
Ϊǰ죬ͽӵвţ֪ͨ
Ƿôӡģ˵ȥƴСĺȡСĺ׿ռ似ϵо



111 
ξǰͽӵӵ绰,֪ͼŮв
μһƴĺе£޷⡣ӢŪĿռ׸,Կƴⷢģµ˾ĺ,ϵҲΪռĺоԺĳġ
,Ƕĺ
ĺﲻͻ,ĺһĸѧо,ӣΨξֶߵý,ⲿҪĺõռ׼Ǿֻܴξ֡
ξ֮󣬻ͷŵӢǸֵ,ͬڵ,˼򶼺ܸ,ڽӵвź,ûЭǵһʱܱ˾,Ȼ֪ͨԶںǵξԡ
ξԲӳҷвŵ,϶ڻ,˾ҪŮ
һӵӵ绰,ϵԼսѣǳֱһŮң¸쵼
룬ط£ûܷס
Ůʧˡ
ξȭͷ߬ҧѹʣʧٵģʧٶˣ
Ҹ
֪ΰοξԣ˼򣬵ҽӵ֪ͨ˵ŮˣпܻѰ㡣
˵գ˶٣ʱȫҪⰲӢӡ
ξѹŮĵģ̧ͷӢӿܲԸߡ
ӢӶоӣȥѧУˣʵûɣǲ뿪
㻻һطͷ˵ӢԸͣ£ͲٳӢߡͷȥ֣εطֳָ
ͷ´
ԷμСǳ׿ռ似ģӴϿʵԵӢӡ
ֻӢӱ̫ã֪ڵĽԼˣһֱû˽Ŀתϡ
һֱξԲţӢӱ¶ֻ¡
̫ˣӢӳ֮ǰǶϣ̽鵽ԣͷ׼ξԵߣһΪӢӴڻ
ҵߣξüͷʣҵˣӢ˭𡣡
ʱ־ƽԺǻ㵥硣
ξףʣȷŮˣˣ
ȷ˿ŮߵˣǺǵĳѾ֣ڽǵļ·ϼ飬ǣǶܷ֡
ξԣ鷳ˡ
ҡͷ˵ףҼӢӺŮۡ
ӢӣЩҹˡξֵȺ˼ȻѾע⵽ңұ㲻ټӢ˾
˵գת㿪ʼʰԼĶÿ־ǵţһӢĽ
֪Ӣʵңû־꼸˵һ£׼ĽֵɳӢ˾棬뿪ˡ
ɳǹֹϽµķڳиǹʱģͷ֮д˴㣬ȫĸ￪ź󣬸ΰЩȣƦå̫ˡһΣʹ㣬һӢ˾档
һƬΰӦû࣬ǿĵƦåͲֽ
־̸껰һЩ飬ʹξ뿪Ӣ칫¥Ӣ֪Ѿˣڴ¥ûƼˣ׷˼䣬֪ξԱȥ˲֡
Ӣе¡
壬úõģôͱˣ
ͷİţҲǺ־ٵ˵û㽫μҵ¸ӢСֻҪоͳɣķ꣬Щڵ
Ӣ־ĻЩˡ
ɶһͷİţǾ֤Ժ¶ٻˡ
ϲ壬ͻȻ˵߾ˣеܡ
ӢҲûвɢϯ߻ԽԽ뿪ġ
Ӣꡣ
ˣЩɻˡ
˵ɾͲɣڶһӢԼ١ýĩ񻪷żˣһȥŽȫ˵Ǹ档
Ǵæˣ˾ﻹкöµأʱ氡ӢֱӴ־ƽš
ϳһ㳡ϣһڹ㳡죬㳡иľľ棬ϰ˺öĸӵЬ档
㳡һɫˣҶЬڹ⻬Ĺ㳡Ϸɿ찿š
ӢһͱĶ򣬾;ãĴʹǿź˧Ҳ
Ӣѽ
ӢȥľߣҲ˫ЬȥȦʱ򣬹㳡ϣһ꣬һƷ㣬ݵһ»Ӣߡ
ŽȫŹ㳡˵ؿӢ
Žȫѧ𣿡ӢҲѾͶŽȫˣϴζŽȫԼ棬Ҳģ̫æ͸ˡ
û뵽ˡ
ܵöŽȫϲ
ѧŽȫ˵һ󣬾־Ͽȥ
֪־ӢļҳҲΣ˶־겻ͬ⡣
һۿȥ־鵭Žȫ۾һæӢӢҪѧҽ㡣
Ӣ۾һСԴ͵ص˵㣺ð
Žȫ΢ľǱȥߣȥǱЬдǮЬͦģëǮһ˫
ӢæдǮġ
Ӣôʱļ٣ȥĶˣ
Ӣϼˡ
ξȥʱʦ˵ɣŽȫӢҲô˵ˡ
ŽȫʲôʱѧУ
ӢҼ£ȥѧУҿԵʱȥ
ԣȱô࣬ʲô԰ʱ򲻶ῼѼǱȥˣʵڲɣһĸһС
ӢҡͷСԴ˹ƵģУֻܶСģҾǲȥѧУҾܿ꼶һǿҡ
˻⻰˵еŶŽȫ˿
˵Żľ
ϰûľŽȫĴһ£ϰľӺһ³̣ǣԴǱߺϰ壬˫ЬӣСġ
㳡ϵЩ󣬶Žȫ˼̵˲ˡ
һߣ˵ЬͷһžžžЬľ˹
ϰǸˣȥҲͶʮͷЩ߸׳׳ȻϰһɫģһͻȻţп㡣
ϰĵؿ۶ŽȫʣҪЬӣ
ŽȫͷָӢϰ壺ܴЬ𣿡
ϰľӺԴӢߣȻתһŷЬӵľһ˫žһ¶ϣ˫СϾûˡ
ŽȫЬ˿ִͷ˿ӢСţܾ˫ЬӢܴǣӢЬǮ
Ӣе
ں۾һֱЬϰ塣
ϰƤüûɶͻģĪģ;ϰ졣
ӢԼļ۾룬ͻȻΪɶϰˡ
ⲻϼҶӷ˿ڷң˹õ
ǹеͷǿǹüǼҵŮҲӾŴҵĳ࣬Ҳüۡ
˫ЬܴܲӢ֮ʣŽȫЬ˹
ӢŶһæȻ̨ĳϣ׼Ь
ȴʱһĦгݵһ£ͣľǰӢϵЬЬĦгˣͼ߽ľ
磬ˣ˳ǡĦгˣŹӣϰ˵
ϰ壺ôˣ
Ӳ·סˣô죿
ϰ壺Ǿͱǣ£š
Ħгˣ׼˵ͷתﳵˡ
Ӣ̵ϵЬŽȫһȦҪȥˣ۾һʣŽȫʲôӲ·


112 
ŽȫӢʻ,룬⻰
ƺǴӸں۴,ָǾ죬Ǳ߽,Ҳƺ졣
ӢͷľƳһۣЬϰ˵ġ
Žȫ,üͷеøˣӢ,⻰ͺ,ɲ˵
ӢΪɶ
Žȫ֪Сһ,ָľǾ죬ϰ˵졣
˵⻰ʱ򣬶ŽȫúܡǺˣ⼸꺣ǵı仯,ú￴ĵط,кܶೣ˽Ӵڷ,ϰһ㳡,ֵƦåʱۼֳضЩ
Žȫ,һӢСﲻЩˣ,һ¡
Ӣ,,ŶһʣŽȫ㾭棬֪ϰʲô𣿡
Žȫҡͷֻ֪죬˽磬ͺȥ꿪һҽ칬ľƵϰЩϵǸϰУ칬ϰġ
찡Ӣϰ죬Լ֪ɶСüͷʣ칬
ŽȫһҾƵ꣬˵ǺǱߵ˹ġ
Ǿ滮󣬺Ǳ߾˹ˣŽȫ˵꣬Ǳ˿ģ˵ܺȥסƵ˷Ǹ󣬻ס
֪ˣŽȫȦɡӢŪϰ˭󣬱׼³ȥˡ
ѧ˼䣬СѾͷƽǿŽȫ³ˤţȴû룬һȦ˼Ҿ˼ɣ÷ˡ
ӢϲֻĸоСɵһֱãһ˺üȦǱȺʹ㣬һһ˻𳵣ȥ͸桭
úܿģһֱ浽磬ӶˣСѾͷЪ˼˼
ӢȥЬӣϰḷ̌Ӣ۾ֿ˼ϰ壬Ȼȥҵһߵ־ˡ
壬ͷܰҵ𣿡Ӣߵ־ߣ̧Сʡ
־꣺˭
Ӣһתľϰ壺ϰ壬壬ȥϼңӦ˵ҵ°ɣˡ
־˽üͷʣΪʲô
ȻңڸʻǱر󣬻ǻϾһӶǹӵģʵټ¹ô꣬Ǳ߻ʱʱһ¡
Ҳ˵ϴڿϰ࣬ûв˿ڷΨһɾˡ
־Ҳ֪ʱ֤ҲѣɲɾģֻԼ֪
ӢҸղȥЬʱһ˵ʲôӲ·ѻ£š
Ŀ϶ڻ£Ȼ˵ֻҪģĪɶģ
ô¾飬ǻ϶͵ģҺϡ󣬾ǲ֪ɶȲһ˵
־üͷţͷҾͰȥ顣߰ɣˣǶ˰ɣҸطԷ
ӢͷǶˣȥзɣŽȫ˵ڵзرóԣһûзأˣҪŽȫз滬ˡ
־һ㣺зû⣬ɶóԵġ
ӢҲ֪Žȫ˵ó԰
˵ţӢתͷںͱ˿ĶŽȫŽȫŽȫ
ʲô¡ŽȫӢĺµЬżһתһƯķȣȻӢ
Ӣ㲻˵зóߣȥзɡ
Žȫһз۾һãңȥЬ
ŽȫЬ˵úܿ죬ûһͻˣӢߣȸӢһ𣬺һ־壬ȻתͷӢҸ˵зóԵģ칬ϴҺұȥζ̫ˣ̫󡣡
ӢһŽȫĻ۾ˣ壬ǿȥ칬з𣿡
־ͷ
СѾͷѵɣֻзԶܴȥ
־Ҳ֪칬ģǵطЩ⣬Ǹĸ￪ź󣬺˵½طͦӵġ
Ӣ־ͬˣ۾һתͣĦгĵطȥ
˻ûϳأһĦгӽֵϷ
ͷĦгرžЩ̶ӢʶתͷĦгȥ
տȥͼĦгͣڴ⡣
Ħгϵˣ֪ľϰ˵ʲôϰ۾һк˰꣬ԼľڳĦгϡ
ӢĦг˺ϰˣСצһ죬־·壬ȲȥзǣղžǸĦгģڸϰ˵ʲôӲ·ġ
ߵüææ϶ȥǿĻˣǸȥưɡ
ӢȥЩ˵£ǲ岻֡
һߣ־껹û˵Žȫֹ
Щ˺ǿһϵˣǣֱǿҪĺĶࡣ
ǿֻǽֱСåЩˣȴǻᶯ浶ǹģǽͷü˵ǺЩйϵǾҲץˣȥû͸˳
Щģ˵˭Ҳǡ
ǵ˶ԷôĶ֪
Ӣ֣Ǿ͸ȥ
־ǱӢˣʲô£ǱӢİȫΪأԣԥܾӢӣɣ㲻գȥ칬ззͻؼң֪£ʱһ㡣
Ӣ㣬־˼ҲûţҪȥС죬ؿĦгʧڽֵϡ
ӢһҪŶ
־ףȻϳӢȥǸ칬
칬Ǻǽĵһ֡סޡ¥ĵһƵ꣬޽ý̻Իͣĵذ壬ɾöܵӳ˵Ӱӡ
ͷѵ־Ƶ˲࣬칬ûмˣ־ӢͶŽȫ˾Ƶ󣬺ǰ̨˵һ£ֱȥ¥ò͵ĵط
¥˾ͱȿˣò͵ʱ䣬˲ˣе̸˵أеھŷ
Ӣǵһָߵĵطں۾һֱĴɨɨɶϡĺܡ
ɨɨţӢ֣㾹ȻڲĴ䴦
㴩żƯİɫºһɫСףͷĵĴ˾
ź۷룬Ҷϲͷͷ˸µױ
ƯһݣԽ۾ˡ
ںһ˵Ȼ˵۾ȴһֱŲһߵһᡣ
ӢϤ㣬ҲסӢ칫¥Ǽ춼棬Ȼ㣬ȴӢİо㣬е֡
ӢɻҪҪʱƺҲ
Ӣĵ⡣
Ҳ˲ٶǼˣߵ˵˾仰Ȼ󲻺˼һЦԼСȥ
ĲӢȣӢ㳯߹һž뺰ˣȴʱȴͻسӢҡҡͷ
Ӣܻῴɫһӣ㶮˼
һᳶ˳־·Ȼװʶһ˲һ۵Ľ
˸£ղ㶢Ǽװӣ˵Ц˳
һӣӢ졣죬ȥҼ䣬һӾͽ˳
ǡϴ󣡣


113 
Ӣϴĳ,һ㶼⡣
Ǹϰ壬ͻϴĶţϴ뿪ϼʱ,һһŮģʱĴӾʮ,ȫԵϵġ
ӢֵǣΪʲôᶢϴ
ϰ壬ҵȱȱĽ,رϵȵ,ͻ,ɵȽҵͰ
Ӣɻ֮ʣӰ,иһڱŤͨˣάسϴ
ϴ󣺡Ȼˣҿ϶Ǳ۵˵,ϵȻϵȻļ۸񡣡
Ǻ,ǵȻ
˵Ц,һӲ¥ݿȥ¥,ǰŸմ¥뿪ʹ˳
,ĪضȺһ¥ˣ͸ű˿
ѾǵǸ¶,ų,ʶѷѰ,ӢѾˡ
㣬ûкӢк˸ղŵӣˣ˵˵ЦЦ˲͡
Ӣµ£ûǰգӵɻ󣬳һз˵Žȫܵĵط治Ҿ¥ĳʦպܺãӢ˷ﻹţɶʱٹһ١
ȵ˵ʱӢֿʼۡ
óǺóԣҪ
һٷʮǮ
ںǵߣͨһҲһңλ͸߲ٸߣҲİ٣һٷҪʮ飬⻹£ֻҪ˼ֻз·Ǯ
Ӣ;ãҾƵ١
˾¥Ӣ£Ҳټˣ־ؼңŽȫȥ˱ҡ
־װӢ£ͻȥ󣬾ţȥϰ塣
Ӣûɻǳ°ͣһ硣
ʱס¥˶ˡ
㣬ȥ˰һװ磬ͷȻǾģȴһˬˬûһ˿ױݡ
һֱӢķšӢŴ򿪣ֱʣӢӣôȥ칬ˣ
ȥзȥ칬ʲô𣿡ӢҲûĨǣ̧Сֱʵ
һЩ񻪣ûԼסݣһһСĶԻüһ㣬Ӣӣ˵
˵գ򿪷ţǽݡ
ӢɫȽ㣬һȥ񻪷䣬ҲӢ˹ȥ
񻪵˽ݣֱӰϣ㻹ûӢ£͵ӢӣԺȥ칬칬ǵطʲôõط
￴Źʣʵȴõ˸
գƾϱӵļ䣬ǸһĵطһͿϱӣǸƤʵȴȴǶħˡ
Ǹҹܻϰ壬ʱ롣
ˣϴҹܻϰ壬ˡ
ڿϴҹܻϰһʱͻȻʲô
˵ƽûǣôڰʱ򣬾ͽˣңô׵ľϵˣͽ档
ԭ·˰
տϴҹܻϰһʱǱߵġ
ϴױֵܣƽõܣɾˣְϱӸ
ޣ޲öϴ
ǲɣʱ䣬ѰеϴЩںǷչϣһҺʾ¥ϰ壬ʵȴ˽˿ڣңڷ
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ӢŶһͻȻʣȥ칬Ǹɶ
ûʲô۾˵ЩӢĶ䡣
Ӣǰ칬ϴˣ㣬Ҫɶ½ˣɸ壬ǿ϶æģŶˣҽͬѧȥ棬ҿˣǸ죬úǰǿе֪˭𣿡
Ӣ⣬һ£ָһ̧һСͷС˾֪ҡ
Ӣ޹һЦȷһ
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Ҳղɫԭ
ӢǸɶ£
۾ʱ֪ˣˣҲֻ֪ǾҲкˣȥ̽һ¡
Ӣԣ˼£׼Լˡ
㲻Ը˵㲻ʣҵô£ȻˣȻġ
Ӣһߣƣ̱ɳϣȻ֣Լġ
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ǲǰˣ
۾ϢţˣҿǸҹܻϰ壬ϴһһɣǰЩҹܻСãϴŪȥġ
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㣺ûõģ̹ᣬϱиСþܳǸطȥ˾ȴֱͻˣúܲҡ
˵ǸܳȥֱͻŮ۵Ȼֿ־塣
ˣЩ
úõһˣôĥˡ
·㣬ڰԶû⡣
񻪣Ҳ˵ˣϱӵ¡ⱲӣһģӢ̵˺ǣ²ٷ
㣬Ӣ˾ӪǸҹܻǸӨӨкһӢ˾ĵ
Ĭ
ΪԼѾ߳ϱӵӰڿϱЩʱĵǱѹֵͷӿ˳
֪ԼЩӰˡ
񻪣ϱ𣿡û˵ҹܻ£ʡ
񻪵ͷʱġ
㣺ʱĺʲôģ
񻪣չǸ¥ر졣
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˵ĺǸɥҹܻ֣ǰʱģǰʱɵģ칬һںɣһ칬һ⼸꣬еĵ½ס
ʻͻȻ䲻֪˵ʲôˡ
ΪھǴ򹤵ʱطɻڣڣұڸӻԻͣ˺ǵѡ
ֻ֪ʮĺǺңҵ϶ҳţٵĵǣڰʮû˵
㣺ڵİɣ񻪣Ҹ˵꣬ԭй־ֳ칬¥׹¥ֻǺƿ¥ȻСˤģȴ֪ˤģǱ칬ϰŪȻ¥϶ġһ칬ϰĳҪͻʱ칬ϰԼ˵ġǣԭй־ֳԸͬۡҪŪߣһ˹
ĻȻסˣһŻع񣺡ôⱣ
ͷԣûȫİգҲ֪Щ¡
񻪣ɣǾͱ֪
㣺ô֪ⶼǷԺ£û֤ݡ
񻪹Źֵض㣺û֤ݲҪҿʱЩƣ£ŸȥʡǰɣѾѧĲ÷죬ôȥˣӦѧĲù˾ȱˣȥ
˵ţ񻪲ٿڣ׼ȥ־꣬־˵˵ҹܻ칬¡
̤ţͼ־żİˣŻŵ¥ң־걳󻹱һˡ
һŮͿֻ񻪲ȫգżΪǱ
־걳˽ݣûЪһ£͸æӢƽӢӣһ·ƽЩȥ֪ͨ˵Ůҵˡ


114 
־Ļ,Ӣ񻪼ˡ۾յһת׷׿ŵǸСŮ
Ӣе
Ů
ǳɶˣ
񻪷Ӧ죬һۺ,ȥ·ӢһһȣϽȥüҽҩ䡣
ҽҩƽǰ,˵ԷһĶȫֻһЩҩҽþƾ
ȫû,þͳɡ
־걳Ů,,Ҳ֪˶ãЩǲˡ
Ӣһҽҩ,־һһ˾Ͷ˱ˮҩŮιȥ
ιҩѼ˸ϳ䣬Ȼ,С·,ûˡ
֪Լ˰ȫĵط,ռ,˯˹ȥ
Сˣû,첲ȴˣղʱ˯Ҳ۵ú
һʼ񻪶ûп,ڸ·ʱ,һ,ͱ۾ۣŷֻ֣첲Щ״
Ѽ·ӼСظϡðСʰ׵˴СӸϣų˷䡣
˷䣬ͰС첲۵£־ꡣ
־һ׼μСȥҽԺξԵŮһӵϢ˹˻ûȥҽԺ͵ˡ
ξһģ
Ӣ̵֪ǵ£Ծ;ĺܡ
̵ôˣ
զû˸
Ӣкܶ໰̵˵̵ôˣ˵ʱξһŽȥŮˡ
־򵥸˵һ£ǾȻСľ
˵øлӢһʱġ
ʱӢ־˵ڸɶõ£ȥȻûȥɣ־µϣȥ˳
ӢҪʱӢ˾һĵף濪Ǹɸɾģˣȴһɾ
־棬Ȼʲôûвɶȴ鵽˽ߵǸˣϼھ뺣һٶ๫塣
ʱ侭Ӵ־ӢģµǸŵĻ룬ǿе£ǲǣǸĦг˵ϼҡ
˵ַ׷ͼ򵥶ˡ
˼ˣһȥǿе¡
ǰҹһˣǻȫסڿĦе˼ǿСģҲ֪ʲô
־΢һ£׼ȥһ̽
ʵ־ôһʼֻתӢעѡСһ쵽ʵûκ֣ò׶һȤȻɡ
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ײˣûû÷Źġð׽ˣȥܸС˵˵˸ˡ
־һʱȴ룬׽һ㡣
ΧסǶӣȻ˲ȫץץ󣬵ͿʼѶŪ˽µڸʲô
Ѷһ룬ȥϲսѣͻŻܽݣ˵һСŮ
ξǰ־־꿴ξŮƬڲһСŮʱͽ˳
ͬʱҲʼѶ
ĽǿĦгˣ˵ڰǰ˵⣬ǧļ۸ȥ׶һŮǡ
־ǣ˭ȥӵģȺϵĺܣû֨
־ϲʶ棬˶˵ʶϲ棬ƽʱһпվͻȥ棬Զʶ档
־֪ѣĦг綼ͷ֮Ĺϵֻʶô򵥣ȻҲΪӢһ仰
ϧһ㣬ڲ壬Ȼһ׽סˡ
־ѶǳȥϢսҲܿˣ˵ĦгУһ˶ȥ꣬͵ȥ˺ۣ½ߣֻڡ
־֪鲻򵥣ˣʹСͼ˻˺ǡ
ԵӢӣųɡ
Ӣ־Ļر⣬ôû뵽ǿеĻȻǻˡ
ңŮ
ӢΪɶͻȻͱˡ
˶
иʵң屻ϣʵҾͺױ¶ԣֻܵ壬ңԺ󶼲ٵصߡ
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־ƣüץ棬иаףȥһٰ
־꣺ЩȲܣҪģŪ˭ӶȥСֶŮġУ棬ײ˶٣
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ǲӢҪ⡣
˵ѾǵڶⲿӢˡ
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־꣺ȫ뿪ˣ
ţҵǸŮҲȥʱ뿪˺ǣ⣬ӦҲȥۡ
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˵ĻǴġ
ȫߣ½㲨ġ
һԣĬõ㣬ͻȻ֪ЩˣΪʲô𣿡
㻰һʳڳ֪Ĵˣ鶼㡣
Ȼ֪Ϊ׿ռ似ܣųμ˳֡⻰ǲ˵׿ռ似ķӢӣ˵ˣӢӿ϶롣
ǲ˵ȴӢ
仯ʱСѾͷ￩һ£ʱ֪ˡ
Ӣں۾һǳģ
ҡͷǣǳĺүүȥģүүио⾳˵ˣԡ
ӢСüͷһ̵㲻ƭң춼пֽģүүʲôоұ
˵ӢСһ۾һת㣺㣬ǲ֪ɶ
㱾ֻһ±գȴ¾ǣӢһ࣬ҲǺֻ֪ڹϺо飬Ⱥ⾳йϵȥ칬칬ͺϰͬһˣǴӺ۹ġϴб£ҲϵϾˣ칬ϰȴ϶ܡ
ϴֻں㼸꣬ǰЩ귢ϴҲںʱʱʱȫΪϴǸɾġ
һ˵˵㶫
칬ϰͺϰͬһ˵¡
ѣ˽˿ΥǮ£漰칬һһд˵ľ¥Ǻġ
칬һ
칬ͺϰͬһˣ
ӵϢЩͬ
ǺǱ˿ģôڣȴ˺۹ϰ忪ˣ
ͷţ壬ϰ壬϶ܲ鵽һЩ벻Ķ


115 
Ļ,˳˼
ú㣺Ǵ֪µģ
칬ͺϰͬһ˵£Ƕ֪,ô֪ġ
ϰأҴͨ죬ļƼǽʱ,һεĹ־ֳظˣ˵ϵϰ壬ֻһ,ϰصú,ǲȥ,ֻ鵽Ǻˣľʲôû鵽ˡ
춼û,ȴ֪ˡ
봹ۣҺҵĹϵɣҺںǷϴˣЩ,һֱ,,ҷ칬ϰߵúܽ,Ͷעһ¡
Ļ˵һ룬һ,ôԼȥ롣
˵˼ʱǺֵģ˭⻰Ϊ,ϰ,ϴʱ,֮䷢ֵġ
Ļü˼Ƭ̣֪ˣӣȻؾֵ֣飬
־꣺þֵˣ˶Ǿֵ˺Ϥõ飬ߵ˰ɡ
˵ţ־תͷһ㸺Э羡
һԣ˼еӢ̵ĶԻͻȻ̧ͷʣ壬ǽж᲻ݾˣ
ԷΪв壬ϧν׶ŪǣνˣǶԷȻѾݷȥˡ
־üͷһСֶŮȳǿ϶ᾯ裬޷ںǵУֻҪ棬϶ܰĻֲ
˵£ξҲӷˡ
ξԱŮһ£Ҫ롣
ŮôһŰѻ𣬲ΪŮΪ˸
ξԵ飬ûоܾţȰСֶŮȥҽԺжʱһ֪ͨ㡣
һ̸껰͸æȥˡʹٶȿʼжȥ칬ϰ塣
ò˵ӢĲ²׼
ǰ˵ݾߣϵʱǱ߾жˡ
ҹʮһӵ崫Ϣģ˵Ǵ׶СŮ˾ˡ
Ϣһ⣬´æﳵȥ֡
ϴûסһԸһסһסǿǼҺʾ¥ҵϴ󣬰ϴһ˵ϴ˵ϴ뿪˺ʾ¥
һ¥ĿȷµģһСȥ
жر죬ʹյϢʱѾܵؽ˸
ϴΪԼӦ죬û£û뵽ǻôǶס
ӶСϹСʱ˾ͱ˶סˣץ˸š
ץˣûаȥֱ֣ӽ˸ȥֵ
˵µĺǣҪ˵ȫֵ빫˵⾳͸Ψκ롣
ԣȫġ
ϴץΪץǾ죬һֱžץˣ˵ʲôûɣΪʲôҪץ
·ˣ˳ְĳסţ¶²ʱ򣬱ľεġ
ˮֻţôʱ֪
;컹ģȻ˵ɶҪ֤ݣʱֶֻ֤Ǹ˿ġ
߰¿죬ϾͰҸӸˣȴ⡣
칬ϰںˣĿǰԼţĹϽУϸ£׳Լţ׳ˣ̸УᵽۻعĻ⡣
ؼʱ̣֪칬ϰ½Ƿ£ǵľҲʱץ
칬ϰںǱǸͦˣڰˣںǱץٷְٻӰĽ
ԣֻܶˣռķ֤ݣûʽǩۻعļǰȫûа취
ңϴʧٺ󣬺Ҳʲôһ£ûжκΥ淸¡
ܼ򵥣ˣ칬ҵҹֱӻؼңٳš
ҺƺҲ
Ǽװֻ֣һ裬裬ٺȺȾƣҲûκμ˵Ķ
Ӣ˵ݾˡ
Ҳ˵ȫûջ
ϴ׽һջ
ϴû־ЩӾǾǲ뽻ý
ϴ˵ξԵŮȷȥ׶ġ
˵ԹˣĺܡϴҲܹˣ˵칬ϰڰǰܸʶһ⼮ˡ⼮ڿгͨ칬ϰʶҴ칬ϰ֪ʲô⡣
һ֮ǰָðŪһǡ
۸ҡ
ҡǿǱۣЩСĹӪλûôʽ
ȸ𣬲˵һº߰ɱǷŵ
ϴ֪ľô࣬ʵͶӣڶԼĵʲôˡöԷôǲ룬֪˺Ҫ
ϴԭ룬˴Ǻһ£һº㣬ȴû뵽˻ûǾ¶ˡ
涼֪ĸڳ˴
ؼϢּе칬ϰϡ
־һͻֶϴչ˱Ѷ
˿ڷģЩ걻Ƿ˿ڣ֪ж٣Ȼ˶ץˣȻģҪǰ¸Ū
һ־ʹŭˡ
˵ϴӵϣֱһ
һرмϽѪȴˡ
ֻΪ̫ˡ
Ÿĸ￪ţӿ˺ö˿ڣҹܻںƬֳϣһʼˣȾƵĵطһڰ뷸ĵط
ɫҹ᷺ܻģг뿪ǰҵϴҵ˷ҵ·ӣǣϱС
ҵˣûһĺݵġ
˴ϱǰܡǺƭŪ˺ܶŮȰŪ󣬾ֱҹܻᡣ
òΪÿģ͸߼ת־ǧͷǧɲǱСĿǶȴԸ
ΪȥѵģǮˣǱصĻǺ۵ģһŮÿٲٿ飬Ưģǧ鶼̵Ů˽ǵطһ£ܰǵǮ
ǧ鰡Ű˼꣬ﾹôߵѡ
ȫǱ˲ġ
˵ϴҵ©֮㣬⻰Ȼûϴڶӵʱ򣬳ѪͷװƣӪװףԼûմ֣ȴڸԼ⡣
һӱǹǻҲЩʱģҾӪĲûбһ򾡣ǣǰˣֿʼ˿ڡ
ȥ٣ᱻ˷ӹϼңϴɵġ
һӣֻʣϴһˣĻ᲻ްϴʶᣬȴϵںǸ俴һԷǾ͵ˡ
Ҫ˵ǰ˶ˡ
ʱϼңϴȥɵģҲģϴûͬ⣬ΪںҲӪԼȥһʱȴһǱ֪϶취ߡ
ϴòһصĿ࣬ȵһӣǾͷԸˣ˰һƫƧɽõˣҪһӶѲ
뷨Ǻܺã°²ο
ɽҺˣҲǸɫ˭֪ȴԼҴӡ
ϴӸɵ£̫ˡ
ԸӾͱܴˣȥû֪뿪֮󣬺ӭһϴβǴƦåרҹܻᡭ
һ飬ǴĿģȳ˺öŮ
ǲȥȴһֱû취鵽ķ֤ݣ·ֻһ㡣


116 
̫,ǣ浽칬ϰ壬û֤֮ǰʹǻ治ðȻж
,ϴץ֮˽֡
٣ת,Ӣȥ˶װ
칬ϰ庣˵ݣһֱûκνչӢһ߹ע¼,һ߸Լо
ʱ,ˡ
ʡ
Ҳ֪,ǲȫԭر,õģ̸
ûˡ
ǸѧԺĴͬѧ
Ѿ,ٹҪѧУ,ѧУæ,һֱûлؼ,ʹһЩıȥѧУ,ѧУǸ
㳤Ưر۵Ưͬѧһ,Ͷչ׷
һֺĸо,һ,ʹӦ˶Է׷ĿǰڷչУôʱ֪
õ飬ȴӢɶҲС㣬ˡ
һʱȼҲ˽չѾȷ
ֻһʵϣȴѵһ
һǱ뽫ȼϵȶ״̬ܰȫõϡ
ʵĽȣӢеˣҵ˫лƽȴ졣
ĿǰԴֻں˵վһЩϣķȻоûгɹСʵңȴо£˷
ֱ˼顣
֣ڶ±ƵúܣݳȴʼûŪס
ֻԺӢĽŲߡ
ʵҲǸϡ
ӢõԴϵʱԴԶһЩйںȼϵݣǼʱȼϿǺºͣȶģһ㲻Űеһ⿪ʵֻǰݣȥʵ顭
ԣĽȲŻô졣
ʮ³ܹ骴绰ǣӢ꣬زϼҡ
Ȼ֪ԼСߵúܸߺԶ䲻ֿܹ꣬骶ýȴ߲
ܹȥǶҴˣҾ·ݵʱ˸ӣճӣֻѧУˣû˸ǿӡܹûޣֻǱչСӡҲ߲ռҵļҾ߳ԽˣǵطͷɽǼҹӪҾ֪߳ôӪģûɶ
Ҿ߳չĺãֹɣȴȫɣӶڴԣҲ߲
ӢȷԼܻܲϼңΪȼѾؼʱ򣬿ҪƷˣ涪֡
ͬʱϣһܻ˵Ϣڿʱһ쳹˹ʡ
Ҫعˡ
׳Լţʮµʱ򣬰ѺۻعʱʵˣһţԻع
Ϣĳ֣һֱ칬ϰˣһ
ʵˣбˡ
Щ£ǱԶˡ
ʹĶر죬ûҵ칬ϰκη֤ݣʱһֱźǵطôݷǾɫ׵ĵط¿źܸɾˣҲ¶β͵ġ
Ӳ淢Ӣһѧڿĵ죬ںǲŽûıһٵһѵ㡣
ǼұĵȳʮŮңһ䷿﷢һȫѪû˺Ů
ЩŮһͬ㣬ǾǼж񫣬ϻкܶˡ
ұĹܼһЩӵˣ׽ס֮⣬׽һӶǹҹĸ
ǴͶʵ壬һǰĺǣͶûгɹʱ֪ǣһȴȷⰮãڳΨһŮŪġ
һǣ⽻¼⸻ץסͳæ
ĻڴչԼĹң⽻ϣȻǿƣЩȴ̫ѻ£ǸڻŪˣ˫ڹϴ˺þõĹ˾ʤһΪԴ
Щ⣬ȻҲԴ
ȳŮЩ鷳ˡ
ЩģʳƷ׶ΣһЩģѱǿע˶Ʒ鷳䶾Ǹѹء
εİһϲ㶼ľİӡ
Ʒ˽˿ڷŸĸ￪ż갡ڲֶȴûа취ֻȷչãΰ
˱ץϰĹˣ칬ôȥˣ춼ԼѾȫףԼһݱ¶ˣң߻˲һһս
ϰ岻Դеģڼﰲ˼죬Ӣõһ꼶һɼʱж
пԽӢͣνһѧڣڴҶΪѧУʱȻһְһͬѧѹȥˡ
ְ
п֣ɽ̫ôˣȥ
һȺͬѧӢˣһѧɶѧڣѧɶǡ
˸֮󣬳ɼ㲻ʱôۡ
ȻҲڰμһȴֻ꼶ʮ
˺ҵͳɼӢͱ̵׼ؼˡû־ﳵѾþûгˣ΢һ¡
Լ£һѧͱˣûӢһߣǶŽȫûгһȥ
ĳǶǼһ䣬ȴһһ䣬Ӣ;ãûţ⺣ǵĽֵ˲ٱ仯ˡ
ر·ı仯ؼ·ǰ˺ö࣬о븣ܽģﾹ˸¥һϻС
ıͦġ
ŽȫӢ꣬ϼ𣿡
Ӣҡͷܻزȥ
ȷʵǻزȥٵʱ䣬ѺȼϸŪǰʱ䣬˵ǸͶλǣѾŷˡ
զȶζʧˣ˵ǰѵηʱ䶨¡
·ݰץʱ䣬һԼĶλǸ̫ա
˵ϿգӢͲòˣּͲΣ˷ѵľ
ڻһĿϣƯ֪ټôɶɶȱĻѧǣǰѶλǸоˣڣһ׺õϵͳܰѶλϸ߹ػбǵĹʱ䡣
ǹʱһ㣬ǻĶ̰壬굽꣬ʮʱ䣬Ѿ˺öϿգȻǵ͹ǣҲǻںϵĽΨһźľЩǣʱ䶼
ӢѾ˱ȥˣߺоԺˣϰװ̫ܣ̫ܷ巢磬ܸڲĵ磬ͻ䳤
Ӣ֪ѾˣԣҲ󣬵ÿЩػŪ
𣿡ŽȫӢ˵ȥ˳ʡ
ӢҰˣ̺ҶӦû
ŽȫҪǲȥ꣬Ǵȥɡ
Ӣ룺ðҡ
һ˵Żһ̽еġ߹ȥֵĽֵϣһ죬ըıڣͻأһ쳹
ﻹΪ˭űأŵһ󣬷׷תԴĵطȥ
ӢҲһʶؾתͷһȦȴɶҲû
ɻ֮ʣԵģһδһӢߵ־꣬ɲǣȻ䣬Ҳû룬һץסӢͶŽȫһ˴Աߵһֱ
ֱϰڣһ˶ûУ־꿴һֱۣӰѶŽȫӢ˹̨档
Ӣӣã
˲غã־꽻һ࣬ĵطȥߣֻһ
һϱȻһľ֡
һԺȫ֪ʲôĶŽȫհԴľƳ־ϵǹ
Žȫˡ
Ӣڿ嶯ǹʱ
ղǵĪǹ


117 
Ӣ֮,ֵһǹ
صþòɢ
ˣˡΪǱǼɵ,һҽ
̶ֻҪӣ˵ʹ
Ӣһ,ں۾ɳԲˣһĶŽȫҲŵôһ
Ȼ,㤵,־ϵǹ
ͰС,Ȼǹ
ǹġ
ڻûȫǹе㱾µ,ŪǹѡˣͨϰնٶЩģŽȫ֪嵽ʲôˡ
ͬʱ,Ǳ߿ʼɧ
ɫ,ֻʱ,ǼҹڸǼϡ
ܳˡ˸ܵſ,һǹϾ쭳һѪ
඼µ,С
СŽȫӢǰ棬պðǱ߷,˸
һ,ŵõʱԴ˻
Ӣ˵,Դһ죬濴ȥ
Žȫ״һס۾Ͱ͵𣬱𿴣ȫȫѪ
СȻǱŵòᣬ˵ɾˡ
ӢֻӿҲ¡
Сʱ򣬻ϼҵɽϼأ⹫ɱġйһξ飬治ô¡
Ӣͷչ۾
ȻǱˣɫдſȥ
忿ȥˣۻڽϿ˺üϤӰ⼸Ӱȫֵϵĸ廧ö˸󡭡
Ӣˣ۵׵Ľ˲ȥ
Ӧܽ
ͬʱһƬ˾סı칬ϰ岻ŵҲӵеϢ
ӽ΢תһ£͵ŶӣȥģǱߵ㸺𣬱ʵͬʱȺٷ˸׽סΣͷ͵ش
㱨ϢŶӣĻ΢ӣֲȥ
ǿСôİӣ
ҡͷϻиҪİӣȥš
ץס칬ϰ壬ȺݷںǵľҪ¡
ŶӺɵؿȻӦһȥǱߣŶ뿪󣬼칬ϰ塣
칬ϰѾڼҺüˣЩ˵һûšǷֻбķڽķҲûŹѱķ˸׳죬˶
ķ汣ķûɶݣڲ֪£Ϊ칬ϰ崫ϢԲҴ⡣
Ŷ뿪󣬱칬ϰȱķϽȥʱһŵͲûԱյǰ
ĺһͲ˵ԼƳϣȻųһȥ
ڰһģҲ֪뵽ʲôĪӣȻ£һ¸ղյ
칬ͺϰһڼˣȴ̩ɽʼղһ˿жƺЩ̫ˡ
ʱ䶼ûţƺһϵȴ֪ϢĿܼСȻһǲ֪Ϣʽ
һԵĪĽһ£Ȼ뿪ˡ
ûãĪӻˡ
ǴһֽģĪ˫ͨ죬ߺ޵ذֽ
һĪӵɫ֪ˣֽһ£Ȼ׼ץˡ
ֽϵϢֻһǱĽڷ¼ûֳܰߣ칬ϰԸ£ϽܸһĻңԱغۡ
ֽ֪ܵˡ
ǱߣȻѾǩ˻عЭ飬½ֻ첻ȥһ칬ϰӻغۣ׽סˡ
жܰ˴ߡϢ
̫ƻˣûɲ׽ǡҪߺ··ͬ㡣
Ͼж׽ȥ־ꡣ־ǲϵͳˣ칬ϰ˲ӣͨҲӵ
Ľһߣ¼ûгþĻˡ
ķͽ־ǹһȺǷͷ۾һΪϹˣ׼ص
Цţдϼʣͱ߳־ǿǹЮʣͣſڵ˽ȥ
ңתƾעϰܹ뿪ǣϰ칬ϰ塣
ƻͺûϵ־ֺܲɵĽ֡
ҪǹЩеں֮ڣıȵϲרҵˡȺ˲ǰһĳӵˣ;ǹ̥ˡ
ǾôţӢУ߱һǺ֣Ⱥٷӣôס
ǰ̥©ˣ̥һˡ
ĸӶ©ٷӸûԶĸ̥ȫˡ
һ̥ӾЩˣ·ϺֱײһֱײһΧǽϡ
һײȥ˶ʱͷۻֻУٷץв־ˣȴһѾֻǹ
ȵŶӴһӾ죬ŻŸʱ־ǾǹѾͳؽٷ˽һᡭ
󣬽ֱƣһȺٷȫ׽ˡ
칬ϰһֲ߻¼ջǳԱеĹԱǱٷһǹͷûġ¼ΪӣңϰѾȵĵߡ
ҹ칬ϰסıһȺͽͻȻһ˷һͻ
ڵϹ𣬵ʲôû֪ȵڶʱסڱ˵칬ϰͻǣ˻غˡ
Ȼǲǻغۣû֪ˡ
һ谵칬ϰһݵһŵϣ־ꡢƽξѾ˺öΣ˾ôţĵûкˡ
칬ϰûɶѵ첻˯ȱľ֮ˡ
֮¶Ƶģȫ˳
칬ϰں۵ĳ˹˾ϰ壬ǰЩƯʶĳƼ˾ľһȥ˫Ϥˣĸ￪ţľ˵£ͷһ½Ͷʡ
½֮ƯƼ˾ľϵһЩ½ķչĳЩܵ¡һʼЩʲôΪԼĺչƯȥװȫ
ʵϣ˫ĳĬġ
Ƽ˾ľʶ࣬˰ڣԼȫƯҲˣŻһֱ죬˵˵£˻ǣҪǾﵽޣɿڡ
ĽƯŪ׼⼸Ƽһε˭
Ӣúܺãһֱû͸¶һϢ磬⼸껪ƼǹƴŪģƯȴ²⣬ƴ󱳺ˡ
һǶ֪˴ڡ
Ӧţ֪ˣûƼԽƯġ
ǲġ
ξƯѡĿ꣬ΰμСŮ˵ξȥ͵ĺ׼ܣʵУȴξԳҳǸĿѧҡ
ĿǰڻǺѧԺһʦһõϢͿʼж
һСʱоͱץˣһξҹȥ˹ƴ
ôǾϲĽˣӢֻ֪ǰ££ɶҲˡ


118 
ǰϦ,ܹһСõܣӶƽ˺ǡ
Ӣϼҹܹ꣬һ˹ں,ֿġʦżٱûʱ䣬ȴʱ,ԺһǿСӢӣ˳߹ꡣ
@
˶ƽأչҵķ
ϻ˵,ϱ,⻰ûҴСů,ر£Ӣ,ʰز
䲻أӢȴرˡ
ͱ⡭
ӢǰԣԵö࣬Ҳж,˺ǰ,ٴγԵϼҵʱ,۾ﶼðǡ
ҵ˺Ǻ,Ҳ֪ӢССڸɶˡ
òС
;һСģ˸ɶ˵ļͥ
,ӢӵĹȥ˱Ǹ˵಻ĺܡӢӹ,֪,һ˸˵©,鷳ˡܹһʰŴĶһߺྡ
Ҫǰܹʹ绰ʹ־֪꣬ܲӢӵĹҪǲܣһǡ
Ҽ޽ңӢô⣬Ļ᲻鰡
Ǹŵġ
ҽӢ˾ҲǾͷͬġӢôС겻ˣΪоȼϹ궼ؼңͷҲÿİ;
Ҹι̣æһԣԣ֪
СܵܽʲôְӢתȦں۾ͶСõܡ
Сõܳ۾ͶȫŴҡ
ң־ӢҪҪ
ӢСԴҡø˹Ƶģˤ˿զŪѵܷܵŴϣܵ档
áҰѶӷŵϣӢ棬Լܹʰ
ӢСָ˴СõܵС̰̰׵ģӢҲޣΪӢ棬С첲СȺ˼£Ӣ¶˸޳ݵЦ
Ӣ;ãСõֱܼ̫ɰѵЬӣһֱ˼ҵС档
СޣҲûţ̣Ͷںסð
˰ɣûȥϰ࣬Ӣӣ̲ڵʱչ˺Լȷˣ̾㡣ܹѻϴ·װ¹
Ӣţչҡ
˵չԼ壬ӢСľľ
⼸еæ󷹶壬Щûĺóԡ
ţչˣڣҲġܹǺ־ƽġ
Ӣ̣̫ůͣȥɡ
̸Լ٣죬ֵʵңûʱˡ
ܹ𣺡źãȥ䡣
˵ܹҺǺһЦӣⱲҲֵˣĸũģһһҰǳʶඡ
Цӯӯ裬ԺпգҴȥ׶һˣʱȥʹ죬ǡ
ܹͷ֣صĵԣȥһ졣
ϱ˵ŻѶãȻһ˳С־򱻶Ӣ
꣬ܳԵķˣӢˣ緹ʱСѾͷԳˣСӶԵԲĹĵģҪܹǿѿӷ£ٳԵ㡣
׻Сӣûơ
緹ܹѳʰһ£Ӣ˽֣ʵҪģӢʳ
С̫̰ˡ
ӢԴϴײٵº󣬾һֱڼûţ䲻ֵߣе㲻һˡ
Ƕӵ廻ˣ÷ϰҲˡгϰûǵơֱӰ̯ת˱ˣһԷޣŮӢʶеӢȴеӡ
Ӣʶһǿǵãݾмλģ塭
仯ͦģǲǴ¼ˣˣ֮˵Ϊ廹ڡ
ֻ廻һ¹帺󷹣ˡ
ӢһΧı仯¸ˣ̺Ͷȥ˿ѧУȻִڸ䣬ǲ̤
ӢҲ֪Լķжˡ
첻ײɶõ£ԣɴ಻ܣԼϤĸ档
ǱȺܶжҪܹɶϡĺܣ;طͱĳЩͬ´綼ŹŹֵֹġ
ţ¿ڻֻںУܹһţ¿㣬;ĶԡӢĵĸ˵ΪвӰԱľţӣպýⲿӰ˹ڣԴҾ͸Ŵˡ
ܹһ£Źһ磬ֿ˱ġ
ӢЦе̹һ·߿һרӤСЬĵꡣӢ۾һȥ
Сõ˫ĻͷЬ
ҲиŮ˿ͱСЬӡŮϻžµױͷǴ˾ﴩһë£Ǽϲĺɫ޴¡ӢֻſЬȥˣûע⵽Ůˣѡһ˫ЬС첲һ죬ѿеĻͷЬùСõԴһ¡
һ֣ǱСŮҲ˫Ь֡
һһСֻ֣ͬʱץס˫ƤͷЬ
ӢԺһ£̧ͷߵ˿ȥһȥӢסˡסˣһԵܹҲڿŮ˵
ʱֵ꣬ҼȮܹһΣӦһΡ
ˣЬɲǣܹһ죬Ӣ֣ʶԶһ㡣
ߣܹ𻹲ҺŮϣֻΪŮǰޡ
ܹЩû뵽ںϳ
Ӣͦȵģһ۳֣Ȼ͸ˡ
һʼûϵóӢܹȴϳܹ𡣿ӢܹȻںǣҲͦģ̫⣬ɶҲû˵ôؿˡ
Զˣܹһڣ޵
裬ղ˭ǸˣȻϵóܹӢɫãЩ²⣬ʡ
ܹңǸǳ
£ͻȻںǣ
֪˵ġ
಻಻壬һãǾϱĻûǰ͸˵󣬸ɶ˵ɶǵ£֪һ
֪ǵ£ãԼͷ񱻸ԱˣҲͳһװˣ֪û̸Ҳû˺󣬶õģժϵǸˡ
ԣ֣ҳ˾ȣûκγζֻû뵽羹ôСתתںϳ
ܹ𣺡뿪ʻʱ˵ˣӣּˡ
ûˣģܲ͵İɡ
ûѳ£ɫ˾˰ɣҲн裬ۻһЬ־Ь˵⺣ǵĻͷЬŻͦÿģƽǱ߶û
ܹ˵С־Ҳǳˣϱ˵һ䣬ӢһСЬӵĵȥ
Ӣǣ̣СԴʱʱһ£͸ɻ
ͬʱǻڵĳҲɻ󡣳Ǻҵģر벻ףܹӢôͳںˣ
ɻûн⿪Ь棬һŵ壬ϴ˸˿۾ˣͳˣȻỹȥС̼ҡ
˵ǺǻȴЩǺǱصġ˴źܵ壬żзȣҾӦҲΪĸӵСӡ
񣬳һЦȣˣľ㣬СλعҪסãˣ£кС𣿡
ˣûᣬȥСᡣ
ͷźӣ˺˵ĳ
Ӣ󿴣ǡþͿ˵ĳ


119 
ǱŽֵ,Ӣûпüͷһֱʧ˽ͷ,ջߡ
Ӣתͷ̹֡
ڽ˲ٶ̫ƫʱ,˾׼ؼˡ
Ӣӣ˵̵Ҳں,ȥ̵һԶٷɡûߵ,ܹһ,ͻȻ
ģ߾һ,ģͺһɡ
ںǵ˶ϼȥˣ־ѧĲҽԺõ˿ƣ𽥺ô,ҾŽǸ,һ˺þûдȫ,ʹ˷籨,ᶼϼȥˡ
񻪽Ҳ塣
岻ãǰ˶೤ʱ,˼߶Σ궼Ҫȥһ,㡭ڹ궼ȥʡ,Ϊ㼸ڽʡǱߡ
,ȥ̵
û壬ӢӦһܹ𣬾ƽﳵȥй̵֣
йЩԶﳵ˲Сʱֵľ°Ķ°ˣֻǼ˻ڴϵ¡
Ӣȥһ̵֪ڰ칫ң˦Ÿ첲칫¥ȥ
ǵĹ½ģ귭󣬾ԺͶ˸ͣͼԺ˽ҳֻ࣬ӢϵãǺǹֵĳһӢҲİʱռ
ʱ
Ӣ⳵ɡ
Īǣ飬޵ǺǾ죿
Ӣǳ˼ۣȻջߣɻ¥
칫ϵİӣǰʱ칬ϰǸѧԺ⼮ʦץסγܲࡣʱЩںǵİ׮͸鵽İ칫ϡ
Щ˶ôֻŪ
ΪǵЩ⣬һǺǼί
ݣѾǺȦĺˡ
ǣһȫˣܴڣôץߵ糧ǸΡ
ҲǱǮģߵ糧ǹҵҪҵ˱ץס
ϵЩ࣬Ȧ˼һҪץģü˼һ£׼ں󣬾ȥЩȫץˡ
βЩ㣬ΪɶҪ鷳ж׵
̵ˡհȦ꣬칫Ӣɤ
СѾͷѱʸ£ɣڡ
̵̺ͶˣȥԷӢƿţԴ
̵ˣɣһȥŵ£ȻһȥЦųӢһȻתͷƽк˰칫ҡ
ȥĺܿ죬Ȼ°ˣȴڡõµģÿһˣεˡ
ܿ죬鰲źˣȻӢһ塣
¥´ԺӢֿ˸ղǳѻԺӡӢüͷһѹ̧ͷͻȻʣ̵˭ĳӣ
һ۳ӣŶġ
磬ıߵı磿Ӣ׷ʡ
üߵСѾͷôˣǲǷɶ
̫ԼСֶŮжһ׷ʣһ뿪ĳ
ӢҡͷûҾһ£ǰ޸˿⳵ˡ
˵
Ӣͷ
ҲûãŶӼҵ£ǿˣŶĸǱߵݣҽŶ˵ǵС̺ˡ
ӢŶһ׿²ٹעˡ
һ˻ؼңܹѾò˼Һһ¼ҳղĽȻ򶫽ûл
ҵĴɻڱ߾ս
߾Ͼһ궼ûܻص
һ꣬ͳͼһŻŻǶµʱĵġҪⱨƽţ꣬ա¶òġղǽʡʹˣˣϿǰû绰ӢҪҪȥʡ档
Ӣڵ绰ͷŵ˼֮Ҫȥ˵Ǹط
ûѶĴˣ⹫﷭ȥĿڱ֮ǰžһ
һٷһСʱϻ£һ¾ͻ˹֡ǰŸߣ־ͱһӽݣ˵ǵӻͷָģһʮߴĲʵ硣
Ӣգգۣϲʣһܷ䵽ӻ
־꣺ȻֵܷԼģų̂׳ǵ㣬˵ʵңӷһ¡
Ӣһ˵壬ѵӻһ£̺ͶˣڵӻǮһ̨ȹ꣬ȥ̨һ̴̨ȥƽأһ̨ĸҰ裬̨ͻȥҴүү
־ӢҪ̨ӻľһ£Ӣӣһ̨ӻһǧ࡭
־껰һ䣬۸ܹȳһô󣬲ҪˣҪˣմӢӹ⣬⼸쿴ͺá
Ӣһھ̨ܹΪǰײ˼ţļ۸˼ҲԸˡ
Ӣ˵𣬿ɿһ˵ӣ죬ɶҲû˵ŵ
һǧǶۣĻӦûһЩңڲǮ
˻ﶼпʮĴˣЩǵԷһֺǮ񻪽ָĸ࣬ЩǮûȡȫˡ
Ժ񻪽㳧øࡣ
գһ̵Ӣ緹һͷʵ
ܹҲҪӢ㣬ϱӢʱߣӣѼʰһ飬ȻͱСȥɹ
ϱԺǲ죬Ӣţƽûɶ£ɴﳵȥǵİٻ̳Ǳ
ܴ󣬵ʱȴҲС
ܹҳţôɵ˳
γһȾͷŮߣŮ˴½ټƤ£ر
һ·άŮˣȻһֱĹ̨
ܲɣҲֱġһֱûֱ˵ڶƽǱ򡣵˵˺ǵֱۺ󣬱򣬷Ҫֱ˳
ֱ̨ǰײ
ܹ𿴵ӦˡӦҲԼš
ȴ룬ȥˣǴƤµŮȴۿ˵׵¡
ŮһؿܹȻűӣ·ܹɶණƵģⲻǺİٻ̳ôʲô˶ܽ
˵ţһ̧ԽֱܹӳӪҵԱǿֱù
ܹǳԿӣŮӣһ͵һŤײ̨ǰ
ģȴ˫۾ǿ۽ˡ
ܹ𼷿ˣָɣ˵һ䣬̨һֱָĵСǿֱøǿ
̨СһֱָܹóݸһŮˣû뵽ܹ𾹸Ҽ۾һɣ¡
ȴʱٻ̳ſڣƳ˵ˣһĽΪСӣ˽
治ߣĿܻûһ·ʱЩ䡣һ߽һԸܹǳɹƽüͷһҲû룬ܹ𺰵С̣Ҹʱ䣬߰ɣ´ֱ
˵ʱƽһܹ
ܹƽĳƺһ£Ӧ鷳˵㣬˵Ҳ㣬ˣɡ
˵ţܹٻ̳ߡ
İС˴
ǰСڿƽʱֵ︡ɻ󣬵ɻܿɢˣȻתʹƤµŮ˹ȥ
̳ƽĦгܹҸϽϳ
ܹƽ飬ͷ̳￴һۣʣƽǲɶ
ƽǰǺܴղȴͻȻС̣һ⡣
ƽȷܴȻȥ⼸ɩʱţȷˣٳš
ȷʵȷΪǸ˵ձ⣬ѵÿңҲ


120 
ƽϵøղǸ,ձһɣСĳ֯ĳԱ
˵ǳԱʵһ,ĳҵϰ塣һձĳҪĵ£Ҫӥɣž,һΪ£һֱھҪ
ɾôˣھö֮ĳ˺ǡ
ƽװ,ֱӰܹҴӢ˾,һȥ,Լķָ־ꡣ
־ںߵͷ˶,иصעձ˾±֪ͨ
ܹ־ദһʱ䣬ƽ־飬ʱеˡ˼Ӣӵԭ,ھɸ,ƽ˵ǳ,治,ڼ￴ӡ
Ӣʵæоȼϣ緢,־ƽʶû˵Ҳʲô֪
һֱƽһѪ˻,֪и󻵵ˡ
³ߡ
Ӣûʵ,Ϊ̺ͶҪضƽ,ʱ䣬׼̡
Ҳûȥڼ˿ӡ
ڲĳƬӢⲿƬһʱ䣬뵽־ѧдǲС˵
˵־ѧС˵϶дüˣһֱûдҲ֪Щˣ᲻ὫʣµĹ¸дꡣдˣǿҸ·С˵ˡ
ˣӦҪǹãҲĳɵӡ
ڻûɶӾ磬ŵļǴӺǱġǱߵĻչĿ죬½ȥ꿪ʼ½һɸ̨硣
Ӣӣýζźĺ۽ҪǷĻȥء
ȴʱȵϣһҵĽŲͻأ𣬽ţ־ƽӰʹӢݳǰ˹ȥ
ƽǿ־ϵģ߹ȥʱϻ˼Ѫ
ӢԴת˹ȥɾĵذϣθ۵ĺ죬ʹСۡ
۾Ȼһյشɳվææ־סķȥ
־Ѿƽ˷ϣٶر죬Ӣֻһݣƽֻ˵·ӣѾ־˺ˡ
壬ôˣӢһݣæʡ
ʵʱ۾ǵضƽ
ƽɫܲ԰ף첲ϵѪ˳֣εδ
ܹܹˣ˼״һ⣬ɫͱˡ
ܹ𾪻ʣ־꣬ƽզˣ
־ҽҩˣܴȻȥȻ˵
ֵܣɶҪæ𣿡ҿƽѪĸ첲ҭҭսľʡ
־꿴һңֿƽУɩӣһƽ˿ڣҪȰ첲ϵӵȡ
һԣӢȡӵһתæ̵̣ȥϡȻȡ
ܹŵòᣬӢĻګګص˵ͷһתݸƽԵȥˡ
Ӣһߣæߵɳߣƽˡ
ӢӣҲȻȥ𿴡һߣ־ѾСã׼ƽӵ
ƽӵ˵˸첲ǰӦǱʲôһ£ӵݵĲҽǸ첲ϵѪ΢ϴһ£ܿͷ
־ѾӵСذ׺ҩˣӢǵؿһƽʣ壬۲ȥҽԺ𣿡
־꣺ܣ߻ûпɿҽԺܴӢӣȻݡ
ӢҲ¡
˵ţӢһ׵ƽߡ־꿴һӢСѾͷĲ£Ҳ˵ʼƽȡӵ
ƽ˵еֻǹˣ־ַ䣬һգ۾ͽ첲ϵĵͷŪˡ
ͷһ䵽ϣ첲ϾͿʼѪˡ
Ϊֹ˿ڸȾ־궯ҽþƾ˿ڸ˶ƾ䵽˿ϣղŻҧʹƽüͷһУ촽ҧѪ
һۣһԵſʼӢָס첲ϵĳһ˿ڳѪٶȡ
⼼⹫ġ
ѧߣٶ˽һЩѨλպһΣӢ⹫ڵó
˿ڣƽ˶ˡ
ӣһں͸ļ˽Ӵǻûġƽ̱ɳϣ
Աߣƽں־̸£ˮȳݣӢûߣԱ߾̸
ƽԼ⺧˵һ£һ˵ӢʱŪȥˡ
˵»ӢжϵȻϵԶûߣձ˵ıȷʵӢ·ġ
µôӺüǰ˵ʱӢ⹫һȥʡڻѵֶŮֶŮǸձʱȺ˵Ŀ꣬ǴӺǰᵽʡĺԴо
ȥ꣬Ⱥձ־ˡ
Ŀ꣬ǺԴ
ǰʱ䣬ձյϢ˵ĳоңоȼϡ
һǸ̽׵ĹڣΪŪ¡
һ뾳ʱ˱˵ݣҲΪʲô뾳ԭ뾳֮ںǹһ꣬ͿʼƵȥӴ˸˼ңǵоԺǸ߷ˡ
ѾץˣùǻҶҲˡ˵ļ˸ṩʲôϢСձǱ̽鲻ȼоԺϢֽ˸ҡ
ƽξǺ˽ܵˡ
Եݺ롣
ǰʡԴоԺĺƽӣǱȥСձġڴڼ䣬СձǱߺһɽ֣ԣʱŻһ۾ͽ˸ϳ
һڿƽʱ֮Իɻ󣬾Ϊǰƽִġ
ʱ¸ƽʬ屻˺ȴû뼸ںǿ˸ƽ
ƽȥ̽һɣջСѾ֪һ뾳ĿġȻˣһҲʧ˺ü£뾳ûˣһʧͳȳӡ
ҵĺȼо¶ˣӢ龭ʡ
ƽףȷʵ¶ϢˣΨһҵǣǲ֪оȼϵ˭
Ӣͷһ壬ͷд㣬оҿɾģͱоҲͬĪүүǱ߿϶ˡ
ţϵĪ׳ƽףȻӢӣ̺Ͷ󣬶ʱڱ壬Ȱһʰٳȥ
ӢһܻƱҪܻƱھߡˣ˵ЩһˣȰѳסҼϤ
ҪǸƨ֪Լǣ϶˳ųȥʱ򲻶ɶ
ԣɶ֮ǰȰѳסųɡ
Ӣ뵽£־ȻҲ뵽صģжǰѾסһõһһȢŶӵС̣ͨŮˣǸоԺ鱨
̵ִŶӵˡ
Ӣ΢㣺ô죿
־꣺ʱæûд㡣ƽϢһȥƱܴﻹɩӳţǣߡ
ƽףٿˡ
־꿴һۣȥˡ˶ܵǵĵˣĻ뿪ĵ
ˣͱٳȥ


121 
߳,ܹϱƽһͬڰٻֹ̳Ϊһ־굱Ͼͽˡ,ȼой¶£֪ͨԶݵĪ־
ӢоҵĸˣһֱĪ־ߵϢй¶,ȻĪ־ȥ顣
ܹ֪ǲȫӢȥƽرһ,Ӣʵڹؼʱ,ߵˡ
һɵĳ,־꿪ʼæӢֻԼ֪ţ,ȫĻ֮ǰҲǺ
ƽʮ˺󣬸첲ͻˡ
칬ϰ⾳Ѿ,־ȥԼˡƽ,һɵԭ,,ҲûȥһֱӢ˾,չӢӡ
ÿ˶ԼҪ־æŸСձӢæԼʵ,ʮ,񻪺ˡ
˻,һϲüңһɫˡ
ԭҴ÷ȥ׼ˣзҽܵģǸӱ߾ľˡ˺ܺãȻеˣӰɻ󣬱Ž˽ʡֳ˵롣
ǰʹ֪ԼҴϱӵĽ֣ãûһ³޵ĸһһܸıϱ챻˼ұǱűŸӵˣ˲֪ٱ
ҪһֱߣֻⱲӣǶͳɡ
ǮǮνֻҪҸͺá
ܰϱӵˣܸˣ񻪵ȴȻ෴Ϊ³ˡ
ⱲӺϱӻЩһġϱӣȥȥģ޲ʹߵġⱲӣ̶˽һ꣬˥ϣ⼸£һֱá
˵ܻ뿪ֻлŵ˻ѹ
˻ڶ죬ָæʵѧѧˣ־һĦгȥʵѧӢңһ͸ʦ˼١
ӢʵûʱȥѧУѧУżɵĵطѧѧʵˣȥѧУһ䣬һ顣
ʱҴңת۾Ϳˡ
ǵůͣӢʹ˶䡣
Ӣ϶죬־һµˡ
Ӣһɫ֪кϢˡ
ӢСϲ˵£ɶ֧䣬˺Ǻ˺ö࣬־鲻æʣ壬𣿡
־Ѵ±Ӣͷһ
Ӣ۾һæʣһץˣ
־꣺ȻץˣһץˣĪ׳ǱߵҲץˡ
Ӣգգۣ𣿡
־һЦܣʵ£Ȼһĺ֣ȴСձƯ
־ɳϣӢ˵һ¡
СձƯĹӣ¿СձԻĿгɹȴƯľ
Դãڼҽȶ࣬ƯҲоȼϣȴһֱȶǴСձ鱨˵ҲоȼϣоƺԼһҪһЩ˵Ѿˡ
ƯһСձСձȷ棬Ūȼϵ
Сձڻڵļܶ࣬ץһһ͸²һ꣬ûʱ䲼ֱ֣ӾСձˡ
ˣһɡ
һɺܽƻΪ뻪ȡϵϧȢһŮˡ
ŶӵС̳ڱãæϢֱһɱץŷ֣ձݾȻôӡ
Ůɵҩɾȣô꣬ûԷΪԭŶӱߣˣŶӱߣֻҪŹģȫ˫ˡ
ΪЩͨͨڲ֪£Ů˵˺ö໪ڵϢŮɵÿιеɶ£һһʣɶ˵ˡ
ʱ䣬Ǳһ
ձˣˣĳЩ̽鱨ԱҲ칬ϰ忪ںһˡ
˵øɸɾ
Ȼм䷢˺ܶ£ǹȴǺõġ
Ӣ¼΢΢һ£Ưɶں͸ëӹսզǵˡ
űֽ˵ƯϵƱ˽¶ƵƵҪ
㻹Сͻף治ô򵥵ġ־Ӣͷ
ӢͷƯھôవ֣أǱûɶ֣
־һЦǹһܣ֪üӿٶˣϢ˵Ưϵͳִɹ׼һεķˡ
Ӣô죬ǰʱ䲻ʧܹ
ǮǺʧһΣܶʮˣҪҲôǮҲԣԶˣͻ֪ˡ
Ӣ²һ䣬ȻСһ壺ɣȡ
˵ţһת¥ȥ
¥ʵҵͻƽʳ¯ķڴźȼϵݡ
ƯĿƼȻԼĿѧҲϴӢͳȥûãƴǱ߾ʮ׷˷ķ
Ŀǰõķȫס˷䡣ˣһоԺѽˮﵽӢҪЧˡ
Ǿǵ磬ﰰµˮʮŶȡֻҪˮӷܷסȼķ˺
ò˵취ģ·ͨһͨ
֮ʣµľǺȼϵȶϵͳϵͳһ棬Ӣһ㶼ģΪԴжѾϵͳˣֻдͳɡ
ȼյʵѾ׶ˣӢģŻ顣
ææµµڵʱӢڽȼˡ
һ̣ʵҵ֣ûЩ˵˫Ǹ˵غۡ
Ǿ;úܲʵ
ȼϵоӺԴһͿʼˡǼʮȥȴһֱûܰȼϣڣССʵңȻֻ˼µʱ䣬Ͱⶫо˳
̫˼ˡ
Ӣų͵ݱ棬۾гСҲرˡ
ȼϿԺõɴϵȼϣⶫķɴǺݺݵǰһ󲽡
磬ȥϢһ¡˯ˣѺȼϵãýȥоԺӢϵϸ鵽ϣȻת¥ȥ
ȥ尲˻ϡ
Ϊû취ȥ֣ڵĴӡСձǱŪģСձúܣڴӡ˵㶫ֶܹȡĳЩϡ
£ȥͷ
һǷ׶ģʱ֪µˣﶼͲ¡
ʹӡÿŶҪõĶҲ֪СձǱߣȡ˶ٻϡ
ͷΪ£´Ҫļ˵ҪϵʱǧôӡʹͶɡ
£֪ȴû취
׿ռ似õʵϣû΢ܹԽСձƯȻ֪ˣҲǵġ


122 
Ӣ򱨸½־,־ٶر죬˵꣬ҹ賿,һҹȼϵ˳ȥ
ǱߣԴ֪иʵںȼоͻƺ󣬾һֱע,ǱҲǼҪȼΪƽĽյġȫƯڣûһȶ,ȻȥҲᷢʧ
ԭƽ档
ȼϳ,ʣµľǿϵͳ
˫ͻƽһʱ,ѾǿƵĹؼˣӢֻҪŪصϢ,дһϵͳͳɡ
ûлĹӢϢһܺٿڼ˯죬еЩ,ɴ౳ȥѧУ档
¥ϵʵҪʰ,ȻСʵ,оֻǺ˷,ȻûжٷʣҲðصĶȫ
,־Ǳ߻˴òӢ,Ӣˡ
͸,ûȥѧУС,һУţײѧУٰĴ˶ᡣ
ϰʱһİ೤ȥʦ˱ͳưͬѧҪμӵĿ
һİ೤Ǹ˸۾ԣԹ£ø߸ݵġͳͬѧһתͿѧ񣬹Թɵſµλϡ
Թһ£۾ȻߵӢߣӢҪѧУã
ӢһСָһܡ
ԹŶһϱŵӢϣ֯һԣȻеΪ˵ѧУ˶ᣬһ˿ԱǰƵ£Ϳˡ
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123 
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ǰҲа,ǷëӹǱ߾ٰģëӹͻϵѣҲͣˡȻļ,ܶѧУһֲȫû׼
ִֻеѧУ,ڲοȥıɼ,Ż׼,Ҳѧȥμӱ
ʦ˰죬֪˸вĴ,߯þ
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ɵսˣȥȴҲҲˡ
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ĶҪȥ
дϢˣ绰ǱߣӢʡ
磺˵ˣٻ֪Һ⹫ȥȷһ¡
Ӣ⹫ʲôʱȥ
磺³ɣӢʲôʱ⹫㼸졣
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ϣΣҵɣ
ѾʮûûˣҪҲҪʧˡ


124 
,һС۽˽ʡҽԺļԺ
Ӣ³һ̧ͷͿ⹫Ժһʯ,¾塣
ӢжʱûмղˣˣС۾ݵ,Ȼһ֣سղະ⹫ˡ
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ղһŹվ
⹫ڵ𣿡
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˵꣬Ӣȥϴ·ȻԷ
Ӣһæȥϴ
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һˣֻйżˣܴյһ顣
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򳤳˵ڶǮϱ·Щңһúܡ

һ˶Ů
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Ӣǽʱ󷽷һţȴһԣŲŲţվͨЯŹų
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мǿƵĽţҲԿ
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ӢռؼѧУһȦȻ͸־꣬һȥĺ
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ӢͺһŪλݣں۾һûһ˿ӣͺˣүүүүá
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֪ǰСο˼ά辶Ѻ˷ϲġ
Ӣ½һЦҶоҾ͸һоˡүүڶ飬ʡ
½ڣ֪ʶۣѧɣõȥѧУ
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½ڹһЦҲǣûʮ꣬ǵö顣
̸ЦһλϽƺæ˫ϤһӾת⣬˵ҪӢоԺĺȴе㲻ģоңоռ׼оĸˡ
ȻӢﴴ׸Ҫ׼õʵУȴС
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ʵңĿǰѾ΢ϸӵ˶ɣҪôõеϣȴоӢռ׵ˣ
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ĺӢᵽʴգһҵ˽оҲӢˣӢų¡λ뿪׼ļѧԺǱȥ׼ȥԼϻ̽һ¡
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ʡľǱһڴɽģɽǣƯǣû취оҡ
ﱣΪܣ֤ͨ
ӢǸСоңɽеоұ˲һǰ㡣
ôоԺӢеʼˡ
Ҳ֪ɶʱŻôȫоԺ
УŬ㷢Ժʽ𣬸ԼҲŪһоԺ
߹ȣһѾװõĻͣһյϣǶæżܡ
Ѿ˳ӣʱҪ˳ȥˡ
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½ӢĻһЦţһܺ䡣
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½ڣѶҲɹƯǷڰСͬѧǲɶȱһ
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ɹϵͳ飬Ը𡣡
½˵ĶԣɶȱһһбͳԼϵͳɹҲɹ


125 
ӢƯͻǵʱ,
úùһоҵģʱǽǮһ㶼˷,ɶ䰡Сһλ˼ҪǷȫϡ
Ӣǰߵ,òôȫ棬ҪȼϺͷһ飬,ȴ׼ȫһ¡
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ĺ,Ƿ,е,һͶ빤,ڼ֮ڣһ֧,ȦػʱĳһڵʱλϽھ֪СǸмҡ
Ψһһ㲻ȷ,ҳ,֪жС
۽ڶеӢںоԺˡ
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ϵĻٶȣ룬߹ֵܳһϵת⡣
ӽӴȫϺеݿƿһЩȻŪǼʱյĸ߿ռǣҪȴѡ
ʱ䣬˵ݵЩ⣬ȻǷǶһ㲻ס
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ﾪȣæǷԱշС
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ΪĵһŶλǼա
ؽʷһ죬ЩǵˣҲᱻʷס
޲գ뷢ʮһټľóϣϵͳӢרעؿ洫ݣȶԽһ𣬵һζȻ
ĻϣǴػ㣬ڿٳա
һʱ䲢ֻʮӾͳˡηǸ߹ǣɳ򣬽գҪһʱ们С
ӢϵͳϷݣ֪ôţرţŵֶ
ڵȣȻ˹Ƿ룬Ȼٵʽʼ
һĵȴֻǼСʱӢȴԼ˺ööĸо
ڸ߿ճ׷룬Ӣļ֣ʼϵͳǿʼܿ죬ǾתҲյǴһźݡ
̫ˡ
ݳ¯ص˶
Ӣ籧˼ңϣڻһȦ
ɹˣɹˣǵĶλˡ
ڻ˷˶ӯ
ӢҲܸˣձߵСУ顣
æµôãڳɼˣﶼ˯ţҹɳĮʺĵطͿʼף
һ׼أ֪˭ҪףǾͰĸˡ
˺ģӢСͺˮ
ˮ˼һظ׼˸С⡭
¡λϽҲֹһĿԱ֣˶һۣȥԼֺϣ򱨸ȥ
ݱ棬һҪƯ֮ǰ硭
һעǸҹ
ɳϯأһ磬Ӣһ˾ȳɳĮβȥ
ɳĮӢȥ⹫š
⹫ž¤ǣƬɳĮرԶȥ⹫ûҵˣκ֪λ˵ȷλӣ˶ҲֻøŴ󲿶һ˽ǡ
÷ɻȥġ
ִｭǺӢûȥоԺֱҽԺ
ȻˣоԺǱɺæΪλҪһλһôһ˸߹죬ôһǱϿգӣϵǲŻʼ
оԺһ궼ææ
ӢصңԼһȻСӣʼддˡ
Ƿ䣬ӢһֱڼյźţȻʵϣգȴ

ϵ˶˽̫ˣҪһܹ۲쵽ǵĶ̫յķչ󡭡
Խ֮ǰڵǼʣѾ涼˳磬ǲˣǣȴôҶ֪ж棬ÿϣʲôԴ
бǣԺķɴ̫գҲҪ˽̫ϵǵĲֵġ
Ѿ֪ԼҪŪʲôˡ
Ūһǣȥ̽棬ΪԼԺķɴ̫մ
Ӣ˵ɴ治ֻ˵˵Ǽʵϵͳǹûһ롭
ӢӣӢӣֽˡ
ӢͷԼķɴʱƽ
Ӣһֽһ٣ݵذԼıʶȻȾƽ˹ȥ
Ưˣʱ⣬ϵͳʧȥϵƽӢһõֽ
ر죬ֻ
Ӣˮ۾һЦˣʧȥϵˣϵ𣿡
ƽʱ֪õıֽ
Ӣ죬Ҳֽˣٿֽ
ɲ͵ٿ
ҪƯǻûϵϣЦɾִˡ
ĹţһǻλȶգתĺϢһƯգȴʧȥϵġϢϢڷһ˵ĸо
˿ϢɶӢ֪ӢԼȴͦˬġ
ˬĸоȱˮףһˡ


126 
Ӣѱ̵ֽһ,ȥϴƻԡ
ˮȲƻҲһġ
ƽӢ鲻ЦЦ,תţ׼ȥг˻СѾͷԡ
ֵףһ졣
¹Ưǿô,һ֣Ӯǻ
ڶ죬ʱֽ¯
ǿŷɽ߹ϵ,ʱ,˹ʧȥϵ,֪ôֻص˹ϡ
мȻ˵,ҲǷɹ
ֳɹԱȻûκͷɹġ
죬̸ľǻյǿǡ
ǡĿǰֻܹз,ɹ
һǸڵëӹ,һƯ,һǻƫһ,ƯƼһֱȱ,ëӹԼҵĻۣŪһ㶼֡
ɻһ
Ÿĸ￪ż갡ǳս,ûĴĿ,Ϳ,ɼʮ仪ȴǴʲôûе£һһվ
ر꣬ƼϼشͻǻŪġ
ǲǴţѾʼǿˡ
ǿʣﶼеͻ
ѧʷĶ֪һǰǿ˼ǧ꣬ǾһȻһȻ￪ʼѹ˵ġ
ⲻԸ⿴ġ
ӿһ죬
ϲĽ棬ӢǸúܺõС˲ᣬͲ֪
걨ֽӢ͸ϧ
ҪûȡϵƯ϶Ҫ׼һηˡ
һʧܣǶϻö㴢ġ
Ǯ࣬Ҳûɶ
˵㴢ӻ֮ʵѴӸתˣȻҲ࣬ٲǰǮˡ
ӢҲǰʱ֪֮ôСձĶСձĴ쳧ʵΪǷ˱˵Ǯ
ͣʮ꣬ǱֵùҲˣҪôˣֻܷʷ⣬Ա˵
ǷǮҪģҲΪԭ򣬻ոĸʱ궼ծ
ӢŪĻȴ˲Ǯ
ϣԼҲͨԼоҪپѣֳɵģֻҪͳɡ
Ҳǿ⼼ѼծˣѸ
Ҳܳˡ
ǰһ飬ֻƯУĸ򣬶ƯȴˣΪҲУңļ˲˵ܱƯҪá
ˣɵӣ˭㰡
Ӣʧ󣬾Ͱ¸׵Ժ˶ĴͣȻͷæԼ¡
ڻһ
һܴԺɴķ
ȼѾоˣŪһܽȼתΪĻеһܳˡ
ϵѧֻĿǰһ룬Ҫʵ֣ûѺܳʱ䡣
ʡļûдһЩֻܿԼֶĺãддһ㶼꣬ر롣
ڼ˼죬Ӣ˺ֽ⼸ŪĶȫƷˣ֪ʶۻûйطݣûȫչֳӢãԼȥһ˿ƴĺˡ
˵ɾ͸ɣһ½ǣӢ־ƽңȥ˿ƴ
ȥЩɣĺȥ˵оԺӢ˸ա
СѾͷеСʧתƴͼȥ
費飬Լȥͼ顣
е㲻ͼǶҪ֤ܽȥ
Ӣ
ͳ̫ˡ
ԼѵӢƴڰĺ׵ˡ
ĺӢҪɶҲû˵ֱӸһͼݵĽ֤Լȥͼݽ裬Ҹڶѧⷽ棬漰Ĳ࣬Ҫѧϰȥ̩ɽ½ڡ
ӢԼͳ½Ҳǹ¹һģӦλ˼ҽ飬ͼݽ˼ԼҪ󣬵־ȥɽеоԺ
оԺǽʡľоԺӢҲˣȻоԺʽԱڴ˱оԺ
½ںæӢҵʱϽʦһŶλǡ
˼Ӣ⣬ذӢ
ӢһջرḻѼڵأȫ˼ҡ
е࣬㹻Ӣڽʡʱ俴ˡ
赽ˣӢͲզˣÿддǿ顣
ʮӢӵĺ룬˵һȥӹоԺǱ߿ǱһоԺ׿ռ似õ˿ʴϡ
⼼Ŀǰ죬Ҳһʵ顣
˿ƼӢģӢھڽʡô㣬ĺǱߵȻ
Ӣӵĺ룬նһ±š
ӹоԺ͹оԺڿƴ棬Ӣһͱĺ˹ȥ
ӢڸԼһ̨ʱͶԿʴ˽⣬оԺҲϻ
Ӣӣ׼õʴϣȷܽǺܶ鷳һٶ׵Ĺ̼ôĺӢιоңȻоԺĿʴǰ
ӢۿʴСԴ˵㣺๻ãҪоƬã͵׿ռ䡣
ĺ⻹û׹̻
ӢʱûУԺûС
ĺһ㣬ףȷʵĿǰǵļֻ
Ӣԣͷ̨ʳ¯ĹʴϿ˿Ѱ˼ŵ͹оһ£̲гơ
ݿõѶϢģ㲻ˡ
ֻֿ֪ʴܺͼϹйϵôԼȥоֻܸоṩһ
ĺԱӢĻ˳˼
Ҳ֪ǵʲôܿ죬ת˻⣬ĺԽʴͶĿǰڸߵ糧õĿʴ̻ܶҪȰеͶļоƬܡ
Ӣû취룬о˰죬ͻؼˡ
Щ壬ղһȥûѶֱٿˣҲû
ӢҪǽӵ̵ӺǴĵ绰¶ȲȥҪȥ¤ʡˡ
ûǴӺĵ绰
绰˵⹫Ŵ¤תȥ˺ǡ
һȥǱߴ˿£ֱӢֽ˵ڹʰȡԽɼĳͬѧ¶һƣ⹫ŲŻˡ
Ǵϣ뿪ǵģʱüꡣ
Ӣɫһ㶼ûѰ˵¡
ôῴɫῴ⹫ˣջ񲢲࡭
ӢûʣղȴǸӢ˵ˡ
˵ܸӡ
ղ¤ʡҵ׳־λ磬õһ꣬żĵ¤ʡš
׳־Ȼ²ȥǱߡ
ǰʱ䣬շתǱ˴˷Ż¤ʡѵַϣܺͨš
翴ŴӴĹţӯȥһ˺ǣкǱи̨ϵˣ׳־˷ŹȥܺͨУϣǷţܿЩȥ壬͵׳־ϡ
ں۵˿£ȴûеȵţֻûʡ
˽ʡߵĵַϣ׳־յźʡ߻һš
һˣ˵ΨһĺϢȷ׳־š
ֻҪţһҾž۵ϣ
ʱˣӢ⹫ĻҲûɶ취ֻܷԼר˿ġ
ٿˣӢ׺öڿѧ֮ǰһС
ȥ굽꣬пһûмˣ硭ȥǣ˳㿴үʹү
ͳӢԼԺǵĶʱ䣬ܲˡ
ʡʡǰ˵ҵʽסĳоԺֻҪԸ⣬ƴоԺ
Ķ
Ӣܾˡ
ΪﱸԼоңȻһҷ̫յķɴ
ԸڵƼûչһ׶ʱǲ֧ġ


127 
Ӣڽʡ,ȻʰϳС
һеģ̨ӻӻǻ,ģһֱûже·,˸Ų̄
ͷʵϡǫֻ̇̄ʮĴĺڰ׵ӡ
,үһ̨,үһ̨,һ̨һ̨źƽ,翴ʵүҪҪӶûɶϾү̶ﻹиСùأһ,Ҫ,Ҷ,ֻһҡ
һһҹĳ, ڶʮӢڻصС
бȽʡȺܶ,ķ磬͸Źˡ
ӢȻصĺƽ֣ƽֻԭ,û̫仯
Դһǰ,Ӣȥ˺Ǻ,˺ӾͰϼңߣֻסϸе־º־ֵܡ
骶æֳˣԼչԼˣӾͰѼҰڱɽļҾ߳ٻغƽߡ
Ӣĺܲɣ٣ܹ־ϼң־º־ҲŻȥⲻصƽ֣ûԼҵš
Ҳʱûȸͨ绰ӣŶˡ
ȥɽҾ߳һȦæýŲմصİ˶ٷʱ򣬾ˡ
Ӣһûлعˡ
仯رԵı仯ϵšǰʯմģȥļˮűˣϼһ£ӳ˳ǮְֳŸ½ˡ
ˮţǰ˲٣ҲȫЩŵĴͷ˼ҺҳģҲһԼļˡ
ӣǱ߹ǸǲӢӣ
Ӣȣ߹ĳڣԶһ
̫ϤˣӢ۾û̧֪˵˭
ɲĸھӣǮϱ
һˣûҰӢüͷһŻƽ³Ǯϱһ
ǮϱһһϵܹһĴȾӢӭ˹ȥ
޲ǱҵģҵĶ־
ϣһûӢӳˣҸˡӢǮϱֺǺǵسȤ
Ǯϱߣֻһһ㣬ǳʱ򣬱˵վһһǮϱһ㡣
Ӣһ֣ЦųǺų
СѾͷƬӣ˵ҳǰɡǮϱһ㶼ָͷ˵Ӣš
ӹúãСʱûųںųҲ
ӢԷһȦǮϱ˳Ļ˵ȥǺܲ
˵귢֤ӹúáͷǰ꣬˷ġ
ӢǮϱЦ˵˼䣬תͷȥܹ
ܹվڻƽ£ЦӯӯؿӢӢߵǰˣŵ˵ȥ⹫ôͻȻͻˣҲǰ绰
Ӣܹ̾ͻ˰̣ʱ㻹˵Ҫȥأȴûȥ
ܹ𣺡㶼ȥʡˣһȥɶߣȸ̻үǶүչӣǶˣڼҸ󷹡
˵ţܹһֱޣһǣӢȥƽӣҲȥ
Ǯϱƽ־ˣȤӴֵֵܺҲ˰ɶ
Ǯϱ˵۾ƽŵֽӿ
ӣӢֱЦ
ûɶӢӸϼҴ˵㶫ƽǮϱ
ǮϱĽˣ˵Ůðɣ֪ˡҼϴ󣬳żŻһΣÿλ˸ǮֿտգɶҲûУһ㶼ġ
Ǯˣ㻹ôԱߣһϱ;Ǯϱеִˡ
ɲǣһҶӸǮأأҪǮõˡ
Ǯϱ۾һᣬ˵ļϱǶɶӶûŮϸˡ
أǼǮ϶ŬЩˡ
иƨҶҪӵˣۻҲŲˡ
ϱڻƽ¿Ц˵ǮϱʵҲĽСŮĺܡ
ǹˡ
ССһӣ˵Ĺ
ӢôǿҲ˵Сĺܡȥ˴Уɼһ㶼û£ÿοԶһڶ񻪣͸˵ˣû󣬿ɴѾ־ںǸһҷװ֪
˵ɣ־뵽ҡ
ԴӴ֪뿪Ѿͷ淢չĲ󣬾;ϴ϶Ϲˡ
Щҿֳ£ΪƽǸӣǼ˿ûѹŮ˰Ѷӵȴ˸߱ĸǿ۵ģȴһչñһá
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ϱ˸ӣӶһˣǰͷѪĽѵƺûѧᣬĶӣƽ
ȥҪ˼꣬С¾ͻǵڶƽˡ
Ů̸ɶӢû
Ѿվүһݣͺȵ̶ҵķˮ
үĴӵķۣұţǿѧ󣬾ͽǸĹȥˣҲͲȥˡܹڳˮһգһߺӢ˵
Ӣ£үɽ
ӺùˣүɶɽɽôΣգһզ졣
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ܹ𣺡̡ˣرϲүһɽ
˵ԼϱܹҲ֪ɶ˵ˡ
ưʹһԣҲŷ˴ã嶼ĽĶһɽΣյ£ӶҪһȥ
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Ӣһ̨˰ٿ飬ڲۡ
ܹ
֪ôˡ
ܲܽޣǼҺүүѷּˡ
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ϣҵĸԹ԰ӻ
ϣ˼Ҳ˵ӣˣᳪ裬ÿúܡ
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ϣˣ̫ӰˣСŮ֪ӻˡ
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Ӣӣеˡ
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־һڣӢʱͽˣΪϱΧǱȥˡ
Ӣ˰Ѷͷһ죬̾ͽݡ
̣۲̨ۣһģүүңбˣҵȻҲҪТǣҲһ̨Ȼƽصʱһȥ
ֹ̨ܹһ㣬ֿʼˡ
ţһһ̨̣Ұţ⼸ǮӢһ˵ţһߴӱСŴ۸ܹ
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Ӣڸ̵ģŴۡ
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⼸ǮͱȽ϶ˣൽٽһӢ˾ˡ
Ӣû⼸Ŵ۸̣Ϊŵ
ܹӢĴۣһګګôࣿ
Ӣ԰̣ү̨ӻТүүġ
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һֱ̫ƫϱҪȥչˣ뿪ˡ
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Сãˡ̤Ժӵ־¡
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ӢүһûϰүһȻֽţͱֻصûݣǳˡ
ү
ӢүͨкúóԷʳܺá
үôȱȻһүͽݣϴݳӢԡ
ϻʱժģǱӢˡ
Ӣһ㶼ûүүһ˹һŶ
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ˣô˵ҪͣǾ͸߸˵ͣҲЦѶͳȥ
ɶӻһԺӵŶ÷ܹĻԭأȵûز
ܹһЦţһ̨һ̨ѾˣǼҵҲȥһ°ɣЩϲܿӡ
Ŷ÷գգۣþúתͷӢϣҵĸԹŶӢӣզӻأ
ӢСһ֣ڲۣүŪһ̨
ҳ˿̣ⶫɲˣӢӣǮͷү㡣
Ӣã͸үүģǮˣүȥװӰɡ
ҿӢСѾͷûǮ㲻˵ˡǮͷҲɡ
ܲүģռСŮˡ
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Ӣָŵ˵˺þãüͷеýģһӢû취ӡ
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ӢЦؿүүɶҲ˵
ӢҶرˣһΧϳ˶ٷرˣΪӢĵӣˡ
ֵܺźţͶˡ
λӢּ־ѧ
־ѧҽԺǱҽ˴꣬忴űǰ˺ܶ࣬ɫٲǰʱʱǲ԰׵ġ
һӡ
־ѧкΪһŸ۾Цʱ崺磬رÿ
ӢһС˵
ϳ극ӢûܹһȥҼң־ѧ˵Ļ
֪־ѧС˵дûУҪдˣλغǣͰС˵ȥȻںǱҼҳ磬ܲܳ档
־ѧΪԭ򣬴ûнѧУû罻ܻĪйСԸ񣬶չЩޣӢãλøдһϣдɾҲ
Ӣ־ѧֹ˺þãߵʱ򣬰־ѧС˵ȫˡ
ũӱȳҪ֣ӢؼҴһܣһܽ˺˵ǰСܶͷ»ȥ˵ȵץ˲
߸˵˼죬־ֵҪѧʱӢҲʰ׼غˡ
ڳȥǰӢȥһ˷¶
¶Ѿеˣеıرֽϣźü춼ڹսƣЦƬ
ڶ֪һ߳˸˲ѧСС;ڹͷȽ
Ӣҵ¶ʱ¶ڸСӲϰ
ȻҶշ룬СõЩˣһʽ˺öΣûö
ӢԱߵһ¶Сõܽ⣬Сſʼ˵˻
˵ɶû֪
ֻ֪¶Ӣ뿪ʱ˫ں۾·˹һڷ
Сһ̣˳ֶ־
Ӣ¶һԺӣͿʼͷѧϰ˸ѧ֪ʶ
ɴǿɱֽŷĶû뵽ӢԶ롣
һҪúö飬ӢһһֻƯųֹķɴ
̫շɴʣʵʱİ
ַֻɴӢķɴһˡ
ʮƯǱ߾ʮҵ·ɴУֻʮңҵ³ɹʧܣûз䡣
ɴʣҲ
Ư·ɴ£ʮΪ棬Ҳڳ¹Ժô˶ġ
ϾŴ
¶֪£Ǵӷʦ﷭ɱֽġ
ӢǸĿ꣬Ʋʵʣȴö˷¶ģ¶ǵ档
Ȼ֪ӢķɴַɴھѾʼˡ
Ӣ¶󣬻ȥȰүϻ𳵣ȻԼϳ˺ǡ
ܹڶƽظӣںѧǰʱû취Ӣߡ
صǣѧУͿѧˡ
ӢûиԼʲôĿ꣬ø꣬úðѸ֪ʶѧһѧȰеݿһ㡣
ʱҴҶһξ͵˰ꡭ
ĻѾµʱĸɹĹ滮ȷʵ⼸꣬öطѾ´򹤵˵
ʱյİ꣬һʱյİȫͬ
һʱգȻҲڷչȴûʱշչĿ죬ʱգ˲죬ʱ䣬ÿж˼ı仯زǰö꿪ʼ𣬱ʮŻֵĸ¥ãһ꣬ʼڳ
꣬˺ǴѧСʱᶨСֿӢҲΪԼĿ꣬˽ʡĹƴ
һ꣬Ӣʮꡣ
⣬ӢǿƴĴһʵϣȴѾǽʡԺרŸ𵼵ϵͳһоԱ
һѧУͷͶ


128 
Ӣϵͳⷽͷϵͳһ齻,ȻǺݹۣӢھԺͦĵ,Ϊʱ㣬Լ¡
ǱȽһꡣ
һ꣬½Իͨ,Ϣüʮǰ磬ȥǱߵһЩϱ½ļ˺ܼ
˵⣬ռҲиǱء
ǰղ˴ӺǱ,,׳־ϵ,мȴ֪ʲôȥ,Ƿʯ󺣣ʼûκλ
ͨϢڿϣٵȶʱ,ҪҪȥǱһ,Ŵ¤ʡõǸַȥҡ
ͬʱ,ϱ߾ǳ˰ս,Ҳ𲽽ӽβ˵,Ѿ׼̸ˡһֱڱ߾ս򶫣Ҳսת˻ǽʡһӪ
,ѩƮ,ֵװع
Ӣ££̸֯ë,ż飬ӿƴͼ˳
ӢСѾһˣٳͳһ
СѾͷϵӤʳȥüۣżرЦʱϵǸСУܻ͸ֹ龫֡
µѩţ߳ͼݣӢһ̧ͷͿ˴֣ͼ߹ķ¶
¶ʮ꣬úľǿ鿴̫࣬ȥʹ۾
¶㣬ȥ𣿡Ӣ¶סţӯӯһЦʵ
¶ţȥ輸顣ӢҪؼˣ
ӢŲӣ˿̫ˣҰȥ
¶ߵӢǰӢӣ۹繤ϵߣһĿʵǱֻдĵѧĿȥѧϰһ£Ǳ·𣿡
Ӣ¶ǵԼһ죬һ̤˿ƴ
˵ҪƴӢ־º־ֵʧˡϴ־¸߿񣬱ղȥ˾ӣű߾Ǳս»β׶Σȥȥˡ϶־ԣûѡƴ󣬶ȥ׶ѧ
ƴھѧԺЩרҵûС־˵оʷڸ߿Ըʱ׶ǱߵĴѧ
ӢͬѧֻˣһǷ¶һǶʱİ೤Թ¡
ӢУѧУʱ䲻࣬λ೤رϤֻ֪λ೤Ϣרҵ
繤̡һͷʡӢü룬Ӧòѡ
¶˵ĿӢҲ˵
˵ⶫƯģ׶Ǳ߼ѧҾĿӦоԾϿƴ׼ﱸĿӢǵãڵľԺλϽںǿƴߣĿˡ
ͷȥʣҪ˻û룬ǾͰ¶ȥ
¶츳Ƿ˲żüõĿƴ󣬶ǼΪڵġŷʦѧ꣬ܶĵѧѧ㣬Ǹⷽ֡
¶㣬겻𣿡ӢӦ£תʡ
¶ȥҼԺˣҴϼˣҰֹæţһȥҲһˣѧУɡ
ӢǳɣʱȥǶһɣҲȥ
ӢȷûؼңΪ٣Ҫȥ̵ĿƼԴ˾һλƸרңѧ㶫
ݿᵽƼǴӾʮʼ˵ġ
΢ϢƼͨͨʮġ
ĴΪǼʱ˻
ǼʱпƼĸ档
΢׿ռ似ܳʱѾǰ߰ϢҲͬˣֻǻδϢսʱһռϢͻŹâ
Ӣ׼ˡ
ʵЩƼӢʲô˾ʮڶǡЩƼȴڱ˵
ҵӣǰٷְٻЩƼĲӣƻڿƼϵķչ
ÿһ˶Ը⿴ġ
ӢҲͬ
ΪһδϵͳӢΪЩȥоҲ㣬ͨҲһϹɶ֪
ӢЩѧõľѧѧѧıȽ٣ð֪ⷽʶ̵Ĺ˾˸мңô£ѧײѧ
ڸı䣬ĳЩȴǰһʱյĲǰС
񻪵һƳһԴУʱգɻǰһʱյ·ߡ
ʱƻͬһͶߣѽʡߵ糧糧ѳ˵ӳһҿƼԴ˾ӳ͹Դ˾档
Ӣͷ¶˵˼䣬뿪ѧУȥѧУһСԺ
СԺӣӢϿƴԼģûͱͬѧһһסᡣ
ʮѧֻһŮҪסᣬ͵ȥͱĴסһݣ־ƽģټӢԼҲãסЩ㣬ǱѧУ棬ʱ˼ҡ
صңӢ绰Զںǵ񻪴һ绰ȥ
ƴ֮ǰӢ̸һΣԼ񻪡
󣬳Ĭã˵Ӣȥƴ취
ι񻪽㣬㲻˵Ҫһʡʲôʱ绰ͨӢɳϣŵ绰ͷʵ绰Ǳߵ񻪡
񻪣ӢӣҺʱͲˣҺ־ɸҪȥһʡӢӣڻжǮ
Ӣ֪һ㡣񻪽㣬ҪǮ𣿡
񻪣ţ־ɸʡǱߣϵúȥܲܰ
ӢȣҪתУ
װ˾úúõģҲͦǮôͻȻȥѧ˰úˣ
úȻǮһ̫ˣ񻪽־ɸֲʡˣȥһУ᲻̫ˡ
񻪣תУֻǶһжѣӢӣǮúͶһ£ͷֺ졣
ҪɴˣĻܲж
񻪱ûЩҰĲ󣬴ûȥ֪ЩƵ⣬ֻŪҳӣԼ˵ȴˣԼС̫룬һǸ̽ޣҪŬһ㣬Ժʲô֧о
ԣ취
ʮúҵһţķزɻһţΪӢӻʱ
ֻ㹻ĽǮ֧ţӢӵŻʵ֡
ϱȻֻڵײˣϴҲǼܶ£Ϻ緢ЩҲ֪
Ӣӵ룬ڿǲʵʣŵʮȴмпʵֵġ
ϾƼչʱʱлգϵǣյǳˡ
Ӣûԭ˵ӽʡغǵʱ͹ȥ
˵绰ӢȥԼĴ۸˳׼ȻȥǱˢһ£жǮˣǱ˴ǮĴۣˢ¼Լж١
̹ǣӢ־˽֡
ųߵƴ󸽽һĽֱ֣һӰͷǱĳλֵMV
ֳͦ˸裬΢ͷ·˼ĳλԶˡ
Ӣƽʱôӣֻż裬ͬʱСȫͬλģ֣́ͷӰһۡ
һۿȥӢüͷһݵһסгɲѣȻͷؿŵˡ
Ӣӣôˣ־꿴ӢͣҲͣг
Ӣ۾ڵϣʣ壬㿴Ǹģûе찡
־˳ӢߣӰ꣬Ƭ̺źеƣôˣǲǷʲô
ӢҡͷûǾ졭
ǸӢ϶ԼûƫǾϤ
Ϥ˵ܸо˭е񡭡


129 
Ӣ۾,ŵӿ˺þãȻʣ壬֪˭𣿡
ܳMV,ӦǸǣ֪ȻͣȻĸ費ܻᱻ,һMV
ͷһ㶼ôŴȻзţŵĶر,ֻкĸǲִ
Ӣ־˭,־Ӣһ,ٹעǣҲһϹɶ֪
Ҳʶ,һȥϰ塣־˵гӰǽϣ߽˵
,ϰ彻һ,ȻһдŴˡ
,ʵ𣿡Ӣ̧Сʡ
־ѴŴݸӢ,ʵˣ,ŴӡϢ㿴һ¡
ӢӹŴŶһ,ͷ
Ŵ,Ϣһ,λֽ񣬽ʮ꣬ˡ
־ӢŴʱ򣬸˵һϢ
Ѿˣררм׸趼رǱڹڻˡ
ӢֿһȻͷ£ѴŴװ˶
ʮȴ꣬Ǻѧˣ壬ҴһϢӢ˵ţϳ׼ȥС
־꣺ôˣ⣿
ӢгǣҾ;ƣŪ˭
죬Ӣλֵʱˡ
㣬ɿֱͣ㻹ҪСꡣ
ЩԲ
˱곤꣬򶫱궼ʮһˣ˵ĺôҲǹʮģܲŶʮꡣ
ͣ˵Ǵ˵̫˵Ƕ̫Сٵһ²ųɡ
־üǱߵˣõ顣
ӢõˣŪĸĸͳɡ
־һӢķһͻȻ뵽λΪʲôˡ
⿴ţǺм
Īǣ˾ռλ׳־ͬ־ĺӣ
־ʣ㻳˵ĺӣ
Ӣ˵ͷЩԲϡ
־꣺һͷһ¡
˵ŻгС
ʡѩϰããһƬҶڼﲻţҲĺܣտյ˹Աûˡ
⼸Ŀ죬ϵͳҲ˼Ӣ˺ܷ㣬Ѵ۵ݸǰˣ˼ӣϾͶ˺üҳϸĿ
ŴϣӢĴʮˡ
ͷһܴͥһǮˣӢȴʮ򡭡
ӢˣСЦ˻
Ѵװ棬ȻЦеϳϡ·ӰʱӰĵڷĸ衣
ӢһӰĵӣȻųؼˡ
ؼҺӢָ񻪴˸绰ԼжǮĻԸ绰
⼸꣬ļҾ߳Ǯˡ
оֻһҼҾ߳ˣԭļҾ߳ˣƤת˱ˣԭҾ߳ѾʳƷɽҾֵ֧߳ţһƬͦģ񻪽ǮҪҿ֧һ㡣
Ӣ飬ûӡ
ҲǮҪʵڲ취
˵绰Ӣɳһȥ鷿顣
Щ鶼ͼݽйػѧ﷽飬Ȼȥ͵ʦǾ͵׼š
ӢйĿֻڼϣ棬ο鲻ǰһ߿һȥ͸׼ȰЩ֪ʶȫסԺлڻͨ
ʱҴңƴͷ˺١ӢҲ⼸ʱ䣬ѷ¶ܸ˾ԺλϽڡ
λʦ¶ǷʦСͽܣ¶ȣӢûô˵أͽֱӸˡ
˵ʦ̳ѧֻѧ
ҲǵӢͷ¶֪Ǹиƶ̵ܽķʦһѧ棬ô졣
˵λʦδ֮ǰѧ̩ɽԴϰ鱻·ȥţƺĻˣºƽˣҲٲ̤ѧ硣
Ӣе¡
һֱ֪ʦѧһϣųûеĻۣȴû뵽λʦֻһգһþԺϽƸͽ¼ȥ
Ӣ¶Ҳ
֮С
ɪɪѧУżˡ
Ӣǰ뿪ѧУ־Ͱȥ̵Ĺ˾
̵Ĺ˾ڽǽӢһȥµùŻ
ǰѽ滮߽˲ٳǰǼҵӳᵽھ뽼Զһҽҩ˾
ֻܹ˾ҩûߡ
ӢͦӦߵġÿ𴲾ܵ˾ʵңǸƸרҴ֣ʲôġ
ֻʵҴһ٣ðͷֻר˵ռҵĺ󱲣ԻѧܸоȤʶһ¡
רϲʦӢû˾ѧͶôȤżҲָһ¡
գ۱㵽¶ʮߡ
ߣгͣˡԱ׼ؼˣԴ˾Ҳ˼٣Ӣ̵Ĺ˾Ҳͣ󣬾׼ȥ׶ˡ
ֻΪǰ죬ӵĪ־룬λĪ׳ȥ׶ᡣ
˵ǽĴᣬ˼̨Ǳߵĸǡ
Ӣȥģ־˵λ֣Ҳȥ˴
һҪϴӢʱı⣬׼ȥλ֡
ĿǰŸոջͨЩϢò飬ܲ鵽ĸ׽ʲô֣һˣͿܴ⹫һȥˡ
п˶ӵ£Ӣڻûλˡ
ҲˣһЩʣҪСʱ϶һʱ͸⹫šڣȴ뿴⹫ʧԣȵǡ
˹˾Ӣ££ϵ·׼־һؼնһ¾ͳ
Ӣ˿ԽԽˣ壬¶Ǽ𣿡
־꣺ڣʵҡ
Ӣţȥһ˹оԺѼԿһѸҪʵҷżˣҲȥס
˵¶һȥżҹ꣬Ҫȥ׶û취ˡ
־ףû˵ʲôѳ·߿Ӣϳ
Ӣһţ׼ȥ
СԴͼ泵һߵе£ʮʮ˶ڵҶ
ӢϵһǰʱϾ˹գһȥԾƣϾ˹Ҽˡ
ĨǣҲݡ
λݾߵҽҩϰ࣬ݹӢһλھҽԺϰıܵġ
ӢλݽüͷһҪӣüͷƿһߵĳţȻ󹻳Դʣʲô
骼ҵĹŮôиɩˣȻҲϵӢֻǲ죬֣ȴ֪骵Ů
ⲻквֱ֣Ӱ骸ˡ
Ҵ̹˾棬ʲôӢ˸ڣʡ
ոݳüǱ߶˸ʵ׶εҩͷҪҲһžҪȫꡣ
Ӣһ㣺ʲôҩ׶ΣôͶˣ
ҽҩ˾ʵ׶εҩˣɲģ˭ôҩŪˡ
ոݣҲȲˣҸ⹫ãȥǰꡣ
˵ţݾֺͬһ𣬼˶
ӢɻԭվһȻСüͷ˳
־ʣôˣ
Ӣҽҩ˾˷ʵƷңʵƷЩͬȻô˳̺ƵѰҡ


130 
ҽҩ˾зҩ,õúǾҩòǾҪĶֶδʵɹ֮ǰ,ǲģҲ֪ĵɶ
־⿴һۣɳô,϶Ҫҩ
Ӣ֪壬ȥƴ,¶Կס
͹,ʱЩ,ȥ׶Ū˵
־һ£һ,ųӾ뿪
ƴЩ룬Ȼڽǣһڶһ,м,ÿһСʱ
˿ƴ,Ӣ·ȥ˹оǱ,Կ׸˷¶
оԺ³ģֻ,оԺúܣӢûȥ֣ſںͷ¶˵˼뿪ˡ
ż,ĲֹоԺ,ѧУûɶˡ
Ӣ££·,־һ𣬴һƬ̻׼ȥѧУһߵ·ȡ
ƼԺռܹ㣬ӢߵСѧУȽƫƧ·ˣ˺ܶвѧϢʯӡ
˵ڣʱ㣬ߵʯǲ˵ġ
ƫˡ
ûɶ˵ѧУƫһ£ģź⣬СеʯԼᡣ
˿úܽӢûǵ
ŻȥҲû˼ȥˣŲӣ۹۱ǣǹģһ㶼ûҿشǰʯ·Ͼ
ʯϵˣƺӢ־ĳָһ£һ壬ʶֽһ㣬ŮǺߵذͷз
Ȼǲñ˿
Ӣ˴ѧȻͬѧ̫Сʲôǰ飬ѧﰮȴ洦ɼӢŮһЦӿ˽Ų
˫ô
Ӣɣ
ţӢȥĽŲͱˣߵ־꣬ŲҲղһ˿仯
仯ϸ΢һ˲
ӢĿǰüͷУ϶壬ڴǡ
Ӣ˵һУֻһۣӢǷֲˣǽϵߣȴԶɡ
ִ̽۹⣬Ӣܲ
ţӢӣͷǼˡӢܲǲͬѰߣ־רҵѵˣȻҲܸ֪
ҰûڣһعͷȥǱʯϵˣ϶ܿ
Ϊɶʯϡ
ôƫƧѧУûˣСĿǰֻǱߵǶǣӢ־ֲɵô᲻֪ǵ˭
ӢһӺ͸ղһֱѧУȥ
·ϣʼûлͷڿҪ߳Сһ·ʱӢͻȻڣ壬ղǸеӡϵ̣㰲Ųһ
Ӣ۾͸Ӱһ£ֻҪ濴ˣܼס
һѧ̣ӢƽʱûйעˣҲ죬ⲻţ˭
һλŮģӢûпԣ֪Ů˭
־꣺ţ뿪ѧУһš
ӢڽǵŴѧУԶ˶Էݣ־ҪţҲʮӵ¡
Уţ־Ӣ͸Ͻߣȥ·ϣ·ѧУһľߵꡣľߵԷޣҲӢˣǾںǶԷޡ
ڣǲˣ˼ҿľߵ꣬רľߡ
־ȥ󣬵Ӣ棬ǰ˵һ£Ůϰ˳ڹһֽϵиڵĴӡֽˣ컹˵ҸһЩȥҿûɶȥͰɡ
˵ţϰһ죬Ѹڵϵ״ϣӣȥѧУ
һߣСʯŵǶŮҲӢ־뿪ݵһ·ֿˡ
ղ״ͷ˻ŮˣҲӢǳ뿪С󣬰ͷ̧
ǸƤܰ׵ŮˣȥԼĪʮͷüĿ㣬żΪƯ
һ̧ͷ˫۾ͶСͷ
ղ߹ȥǸŮѧ𣿡Ů˵ᣬ˫ü򭣬ʡ
ˣģһ˶ʮѧУֻһŮ
Ů˰۾ɼôķȽͻ
ˣȽͻʦڿ
Ů˼һ£Ӵһ£СܲܰŪ
ˣôˡ
ŮһЦղСѾͷǱƴ⼸ͳͳôŮѧÿһĳһչĲӴһ԰ɡ
ˣýӴСѾͷղŮղĺ󱲣ƭ
Ůˣղࣿ
ס
Ůˣսȥһԡ
ɵСĵ㣬û壬Լ˽ȥ
ʯ̸һ֣ӶһСӵݸŮˡ
ˣȰҩͻȥ
ٶȿ죬ɣˡŮ˰СӽӹװԼȻŰ׼뿪ƴˡ
뿪ǰŮͻȻõϢ˵ƴŪһʲôоԺûʲôϢ
һоġ
Ů˺Цһ·ûѧߣѧƯˣԲعעʵңƯųһ˵ġ
˵ţŮת뿪˿ƴ
һߣŸӣƴĳλʹӡֽľߵϰҲ˿ƴ
ϰߵе㼱Ů˲ʱ򣬻ײŮˡ
ϰѽ˼ײˡ
û¡Ů˿һЦϰ˵ͷͳѧУ
ϰŮ˵Ҳ֪뵽ʲôüͷһȻյһת뿪Ůˡ
˼ۣϰһֽ䣬ϸǸŮˡ
һŮ˾ѧУĹ
ϰ״Ҳϳ
׼ϳʱϳŮѾ˳ߵϡŮƺҲϰ΢򣬳ϰ˵ͷ
ϰͷһЦŵĽţûκԥĴ˹һֱǰߡ
Ů۾͸⳵ϰϿһ£ֱջߡ
ϰڳӿߺ󣬱Ӱܻľߵꡣ
ţ죬֪ͨӣѩعˡϰһţľߵϰ
ѩ֣ľߵϰһʣģ
ϰҸղȥƴ󣬿ӿƴ߳˶·㣬Ůˡ
ľߵϰ壺ȥ׷ȥ֪ͨӣӢӦûûԶ
ϰһӷ£ſڵгӢסĵطȥ
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Ӣ߲ſʼʰľߵϰ͵ˡ
ϰݺѸղŵķָ־ꡣ
Ҳ֪ѩ֣״ʲô־һ֣¶⡣
ʲôû˵תȥƽ
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Ҫ೤Ͷȥ˹⣬ͽҳϾ·ͥˡ


131 
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ѩ֮󣬾ʧˡݿɿϢ,ͶСձ
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һߣϳѩһʼͦųķ羰ſţҲ֪뵽ʲôÿüۣʱȥʼ𽥱
һܹרҵѵʮ궼ڸ鱨ģǼǿġ
ѩ˸ղڿƴײľߵϰ
ϵϰȴǰڳ϶Цʱǿ⣬ʵȴһµĽŲ
Խ룬ѩԽЩԡ
üͷһ۽ʶ濴ȥλӲԣԣûпľߵϰ׷Ӱ
Ůջߣ۾ϣϸŸղڿƴ¡
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һߣ־Ӣڼ˴죬ڰʱ֣뿪üƽ̤һˡ
һӢȥղ
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ʱӢΪƽϳˣ֪ҲҪȥ׶˵Ҳӵ롣
򶫽ѾʮͷˣǰЩһֱڱ߾ڻǵսˣʮǰӢһμʱ϶˲ٲɣ˸ˡ
磬ҲȥӢ򶫣ͦȵġ
򶫵ͷţһȥ
ʱӵģ
׳˵Ӣߵ磬бȥ׶
ԣ͸ˡ
ӢŶһɶҲû˵˳
ҲŽ˳һȥͶһǸӢǵСʱͦǵģ·ģųԡ
ӢŸǰһǣе¡
ѾˣǺܾˡ
Ӣ㣬򶫻Ϊں˼Ҫأһ¡
Ӣ򶫸磬ҳˡ
ҲСáһЦϵЦݶʱһ໯ȥ˿Ŷöࡣ
ӢŶһ
ʻϣƽֵã˳ӡ
Ӣϳ󣬶翴һȻͻȻ򶫸磬˵˵𣿡
ˣ
Ӣͷţǰʱ俴һˣգǱߵǣЩ񡣡
Щ£ӢԸ⹫˵ȴܸ˵
ΪҲȷǣǲǡһŪˣ⹫ſ϶ʧ򶫸ȴʧ
ˣ΢
Ӣֻһɣλȥݣǿ϶ʱ


132 
ӢĻ,ͷһ
ٱ׶
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ȫΪѩڽʡԺ󣬹ѡ׶
ʡǱ,ƺ˽Ӧ
ķӦر,˴ֲҪǽʡ־һӾļ,Ǿסβ͡
ľߵϰˣ־֪ǵʼѰѩ١
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·ͻȻѩû뵽Լᱩ¶ô죬׼ò࣬ʱû˸ɨβԺֱܿ׷ٵˡ
ѩСձǱߣƺǸҪڽʡһ¶ͬ͹ϰͳ˽ʡ
ϻзݴӽʡҽҩ˾Ūҩҩ˻عȰҩȥͷˣȻ
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Ӣ˸Ƿ·ϣȻ͸ǳˡ
򶫺ƽ׶Ȼ죬һ͵һұǰ
ɶӢ֪
ֻ֪ұݣĿǰݻıݡ
ǰǵʱӢҲ칬Ӣӡ칬ߵĵطұݱ칬ȴ֪ߵ١
ʹǰӭ͸𴦲һҸߵݣӭƯС㣬ȴһװ壬װҲΪûʣذ壬õܵӳӰ
طƺﲻԡ
磬ʲôطӢԼˡ
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׳ŵ磬϶кܶμӣӢãϣҪ۽ˡ
ȷʵϵȷһ˵ҹ
κӢ̫ᣬ۵СμӳϦˣȫλĺ󱲡͵ģİûȥڨ
ӢĪ־ģĪ־׶ʱСѾͷһ굽ͷҲûԼŹɶ٣ý괺˵кöĽĿŰ˽׶棬˼æ˻᳡ֻźϻǴкȥˣʱӢ
ӢҲ˹ܣϳԵĶܶ࣬ö඼ûģæӦֻСһһֱԱ߳ԳԳԡ
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λŮǣӢɺ֣رƯͷЩ΢Դһɷ飬ʼˡ
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ǴǱ߹ģ˶ʶԷ
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λŮǱߣӦñеλӢദ񾹴ƣֹ䴦͸Źά
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λҲһһ֣ԲÿԲϣŵСʳϣӢλڽ䴦ۣһĻ򶫺ƽ
ֳֵģһЩͦݱˣۿȥǾڱֽϵģǳˣῪʼˣһǸɽĸ
ݳǺˣ˵׸裬ǺǱһλңдڽġ
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Ŀǰ춼ҪḻرЩĸ裬ĺܺ
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ݵĽĿҲһ׸裬ǱȽӱĿܻ죬رʺϽա
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ӢǰɣҾ;ǺǴѾȷǱˣǴģ˵Ҫҵˡ
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Сһļ˶
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ͷתͷͬеļλǰ˵һǸ͸ӢߵԱ߽䡣
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ӢǸо뿪ǰߣ̫ƽûζܲΪôһ񣬾İɡ
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վӢߣس˵ͷȻͬ־ãҵ⹫գղ֪࣬ͬ־û˵
һֱӱղ֡
Ǵʱżҵġ֪ԼգǴ˵ĶӣӦԼүү֡
Ȼһ˵ղ֣ɫͻñһ¡
򶫿ۣתͷ˿ӢȻ󻺻֣˵λղ֪ղͬһ˵Ļ롭ǿݡ
ղ֪֣ȷ֪
һС֣֮⣬һ֡
ĸףһӶ߶ǵ֡
仰·һףӢ򶫵ļ䡣
Ҷˣ
תͷһ¸Ҵطɡ
ףǣӢ֣ȥŵд
ƽѿռǡ
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ЦЦҸ׵ȷǽ׳־ҵ游ղ࣬ĸ磬һùƣռ漮̳ǡҴҸġ
ռҵϼҵȷ̳ǣռ壬ڿսʱˡټһռңʣղһ̴ղಢûл̳ǣǸһ𶨾˽ʡ
˵ѶϢַֻ֣ȫռҶԵϡ
ȷʵռҵϼ̳ǡ򶫵ͷҽ򶫣ƵĶӡǵıӢСõŮ곤㼸꣬ԽС𣿡
ͷ
С񣬴ڱɣЩú𣿡ʡ
ĬĬͷˣҸһǰȥˡ

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ǰ⹫ŻյѶϢôôͻȻûˡҪǱ⹫֪ˣ˼ǡ
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ȷʵܸӡ
׳־Ǳץ׳ץߵġ
ڽڰˣȥ˱Щ׳Ҳȥˡ
米һ㶼ùʮʱȢϱȻ
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ҲΪʲôøƺƺ׳־ԭΪΪìɵġ
׳־ǰ֢֪Լʱղ࣬½ôҲˣڲϣ۾һֱ½дһţ취Ӻۼĵ½
ڼ䣬Ϊ׵ĲҲ׺ѧȦʱżţһûУ½ˣͲܣֻ˴š
ͷǺۻ壬½ͨŶ㣬ת˼ֲŵ¤ǡ
׳־һ͹ˣյŵĶӡ
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׳־źˡ
ǰлش½ȥү̵ķ
ҪˣͰĹǻҴȥҪڸĸߡ
׳־ղʵѾˡôȥʼռǵ˵ȴ̾ȥ¡
Ȱȣȵձȫˣﻹûȥ
УãѾսˡ
ԣԣҪڵߣ˵Ҫȥڡ
һ۵Ϣ
Ӣľ֪ôˡ
ӢЩãȻ⹫һֱŴˣŰѴһһžۡ
˶ˣôž۰
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ô졭
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˹Ϣλ֪ǻܲˡ
ϾһشλһԸֻϣĳ֣΢һЩ˼ҵġ
ţȥ˾˵㣬ϱҪܻ
ԣô죬һϡ


133 
Щϵһʱ,ϲһӡ
һ׳־֮ΨһԸӢ򶫶֪סġ
,ǽûȷݡ
ûֿܣΪѾˣʵˡ
Ȼȷ׳־Ķ,ǾͲ⣬ֻϣŵϢ,ϵøһ㡣
򶫵Ļ,ԥһ,һܵʱ䣬³ǹ˾Ҫʽ,ҵûȥ
Ǿ͹˾Ҳмٵģ˹кüݳʱ䲢ԣ
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񣺡סںдҽе£켸ǰɡ
Ӧһȥʱıг̣͵ȥ˵һȻ˼һֱţҲʧ
ӢŶһžŵɣ򶫸磬ձȥϣձдǾͳɣȥ㡣
һһӢ򶫣׼뿪ˡ
Ӣ򶫶һۣҲ˷䡣ˣͷһۣ˼Ψһûʲôģˡ
Ȼ֪½ˣֻƬϡûദȻûʲô顣ӢһǿǴС⹫ŶԴ˵˼ġ
Ȼûмλ˾ˣȴһֱλ˾˵һˡͻȻ֪λǼǹĵûˣ飬ิӡ
˳дĬſȥ˺ͣԼʱ䣬Ӣ򶫾ͻԼŵĵط
ҹ
Ӣתշ࣬һҹ˯ţһֱǻϢ
һߣдһȥӯӯ˵첻رû취ͬС룬ȴ˸գӯͬסһݵһλ۸˵ӯû˵ȥһˡ
ţҲҪߣǱٸӯ˵ǣ˵һţͻ˷䡣
һ죬׶ϸꡣ
Ӣд緹΢һ͸򶫻ƽ˺д׼ؽʡˡ
ִдʱѾˡ
ӢЦӯӯغһ磬̧ȥ뻹û߽д˿ƴ󸽽ľߵϰ塣
ϰӣڸд޵··ӵģڴֳλװϰ
Ӣһˣɫ΢ɲر˱䡣
һƽҲɫ˾䡣
λͬɴҪ׷ٵҲ
ҪҪôɺϡ
Ӣһ£Ȼָ飬չüһЦ磬ʰ߰ɡ
ʰˣٵһôԼʮӳȥڲˣú˵һñһҲż
ûпӯӯԼʱ䣬ӯӦÿˡ
ӢŶһ۽ⲻźۼؿǱ޵·ˡ
ղһľߵϰͿϰӢ̸üͷһ£Ȼ˸ӢϽ뿪
дסǣŪ˭ѩĽͷˣطȻ᲻ͻԣӢϽ뿪
ӢῴɫĻῴλ
СѾͷһ˺ȵ£״üͷ磬ԼǼ㰡
񣺡ʮ㡣
ӢŶһڲžŵеʱ䣬磬ȥһ¸İٻ̳ɣ⹫Ŵ㶫ȥ
Ӣһ˵ҲԼͷһȥ游ĸֺҲããҲЩ
˵ţתԼ˵һ£Ӣд
ľߵϰӢ뿪ģ΢΢ȥ
ӢӾǹԣҪɺ΢ǿģһأĻһ뿪ġ
Ӣ뿪ƽӢˣȻҲҪ뿪
ƽȻһŵģ˾ְӢİȫ
֮ǰƽЩģǰ򶫵˵һ䣬
򶫻⣬ûиӢһߣߵתǴ̡
ȫףӢղ˵Ҫ⹫ŴȥǾͿ϶Ҫɶȥġ˰ٻ̳Ӣλ˸һñӣñë߹ģܱů
ȻҲֻ⹫ŵģƽү̣ҲˡŵȥˣǼĹȥ
һȦ̳ʱ쵽ʮˣӢ״ҲЪ˼˼ŸϽȥ˵һȻǾͿؽʡ
ڳ̳ǰӢЩڼϵĶƽԼһ˽̳Ĳ
̳ĲеƫƧӢȥʱʱеŮ˵
ЩСӢûĳƺŵŮˣ߽ȥǾЪ
ӢãŮһӢʶڴϣһ̫Ůӯ
ӯûϳӢһŮͬϴ֣ͳ˲ͬеŮˣڿӢɲǣ︡⡣
˲
ӯͬеŮ˴̳һ뿪ˣûкƽײϡӢߺ۾ɻһŮ˵Ͽۡ
ΪղŸоǲͬѰߡ
Ů˺İûκӡ
ӢɻСüͷ߽䡣ȴɻղǸŮˡ
һߣ뿪̳ӯŮҲдȥ·ϣǸžױݵŮڵӯ˵˵ģǱˣӢ
ӯղϵǸСǿƴѧղŮʱ䲻½лһӴһ£ܲܰŪعȥŪعŪȥƯҲɡ
ӯüͷһУղŮѩˣռͷӣôĺȥǹҡ
ûױƷıһЩ沿ѩüһЦԣҲ˵ŪȥƯ
ռҾĺˣȴȥƯΪƯͷ
ӯô֪ΪƯ
ѩҲֻ֪֪Щ˲ţûһѡġƯͻɲһǷңҷٵˣѡٻСѾͷܽ࣬Ժ϶Ūߣٸ˲ţͷá
ӯƺѩ˵ˣ۾͸⡣
һЦȷʵܺá
ɣȥϣһ׶ͲˣȥҽԺӵ㣬塣Щϵױһ£˾Ҫв˵ӡ
ӯ˵껰ѩһЦ˸䴦ϵױ
Ů̴ͦõģҲر£ϴ˶ˣ־궼֪ӦѩˣǸ̨ˣᱻǵĹƭ
ⲻӢٻصдʱдѾ
Щֵ֣Ӣˡ
ǰڲʱӯһŮһģôдӯȴء


134 
ӢдǱߵĽ,±Ƶúܡ
ЮֵˣһСɵ滨꣬µӵϵŮֻ,Ĳӡ
ɪɪؿΧˣϣܾ
ͽһĮ,в־ˣÿٿɱ
仰в
ӯǱ,½뱦ϵոƱ,ʱӯ½,ò׻͵Ĺϵ϶ᱻԭ͡
־Щ׾
ѩǱץ,ӯЩ⣬ҪǱƼˣǽڰӯŪ˻Ū鷳ˡ
Ա,һӽѩ,ͼ,ȽʸѩΧ,򶫸óȻж
˵ҲǷװϰ²,档
ѩճ֣Ȳ׽ˣûץ,׽סһǵ
ǲܳ,ǱȾˡ
һ,Ӣƽһǰһ죬ٶȼذӢ󣬲ң뿪ơʲô֪񣬱дǱݵһĻŵ
ӢѾǰʱôܻ뿪СѾͷӦĺܣ֪ǸЮ˵ľĿꡣ
ŮȦˣλŮǣŮ˾һġ
Ϸ
Ӣƽ󹻳ԴǱ߳һۣȻѹƽ壬Ϸղڰٻ̳ʱҼǣ˵ЦϤһ뿪̳ġ
Ӣ⻰һƽ۾ȻһȻҲû룬Ӣ㵽һȥ
ͷһؼƣƽһ
عһţֵľ뺰ӯ
ƽһ̧һס죬ϴקԱһսǴ
񲢲ƽݣֻƽ򶫵ѣƽһ֣ͽص磬ҵһλǰ㣬취𣿡
ƽûĻֻã
Ӣӣ˵գƽһͻĵط˹ȥ
ƽĳ֣־üͷӢûʱüͷ΢΢иȥ
ȥ㿴ƽ˸ֻڲŶơ
ƣ־꾪˾Ȼһ٣ϻ˻ӡ
һжƣڰˣڵָһƣʱ˼
ĿһмŮ˹ȥ
ѩû뵽ΧȺˣȻ᲻ӯİΣȻҲû룬һ˦ӯ˽ýݵתܡ
ӯѩҪ΢װӲȵӣһᣬܹ˵˹ȥ
סˣѩȡʱ䡣
Ȼ˭ȥ׷ѩˣֱƹѩ
ѩҲǲӳܹѵЩСǱƺҲû£رݣһ
ٿ춼ûá
ֵˣûһǳصģĿܻܵ
ӣѩͱƷˡ
һߣӯľߵϰдѹϾǸԴѩ컯׽
ѩѹΪ׽£ȴ۲ӯͷϡ
׽ˣ־ͳһֱûгֵƽ˻֡ƽ⣬תȥѳӿӢĵط˸Ͻϳ
񣺡磬Եһȥӯ㡣
ƽСǱЩӣǱȥ˰ɣǻøϻؽʡء
ЩΪѣȴʱӢ¶£۾һǱŵҪ޵ӡӣҲ˵ҪȥӯˣֱӾ˳
һƽ˳ӡ
񣺡򶫸绹ûϳ
ƽеҪԼؽʡ
񣺡ҵ
ƽֵܻؽʡġ
񣺡
ܸоﲻԡ
һԣӢʱһǵĻ磬Կѹѹ
񣺡
Եĸоǿˡ
ղλСûҪޣôȴȫأ
ӢһԼ֣˿粻õģ򶫸ؽʡ϶ңͻ
Ӣ⻰ɲ˵ٵġ
ǽʡӪĿ׶̫ãߵ´꣬͵ûؽʡ
Ӣ˵һ䣬⣬ʣ磬ҿ̵ͦģ̺𣿡
ӯͻһȻץǸŮˣʲôݣԼתȥǸҪ
ھ֪ӯʲôݣŮʲôϵ
񣺡Ǻ죬缸꣬ǰûʲôõóֵƷ²˼ʱȥձձǱһλרΪȻˡ
ۣȥձ޹ѹôӢװܾȵӣ
ȥձ
£ձѲ˹ϵˡ
񣺡԰˵λΪĺǰѡ
ӢŶһûˡ
ˣӯ͸ղǸŮˣٷְٺձѲ˹ϵ
һ£Ҳٵˣ·ϣӢйռҵ
Ӣ࣬˵ռҵ
ռ˿ںܼ򵥣ûʲô£΢΢Щŵģȥ
˵ʵȥףвŵġ
ֻڣʲô˵ˣǸһġ
ȥ·ɲߣһĳӢڵִ˽ǡ
ҽԺԺǰƽհѳͣ£ӢͿ˳⣬Ⱥ⹫Ż̵̡á
ûá
Ϊ򶫱һˡ
ѩץŮ˺ݾôˣ־Ȼ׶
˺Ī־㱨
Ī־˾׶Ͱž־ѩӯһˡ˸˳糵ԱӢһִ˽ʡ
ʵ־Ī־ţҲԭġ
ӯձйϵɾôˣȴ˴
ȫǲܵġ
ݣҲǰģǺͺմйϵǣĿ鶼룬ƫӯ⡣
ܲɵģӯǸӦѩˡ
Ҫ˵ûè壬š
Ī־;ãڲĻˣҪ׶Ů˾ͳʬˣΪһֱӰ˻ݡ
˵һˣ־ǻһ
ֻΪӯѳ˽ʡҽҩ˾ʧǷҩ
˵˵Ůʲôϸĵĺܣȴƫƫ˺ǩһˡ־ӯʱ򣬾ѵǸװҩĺӣҩϣŽʡҽҩ˾֡
־׶ǰ֪ҽҩ˾˶ʱӢ˵ʲôҪҩ
ڿȷҪҩ
Ҫģձ˸ˡ
ҩҲ˻ĿǰʱھԺ


135 
СձҰ,ĸ￪ţ˹ţۼҪ,ĻסЩ꣬һֱͼֹչ
Ƕж
ƴλ̣ǲ߷һ
ô,ȴ˹ؼã֪õذѽʡҽԺ˾ҩ͵ˡ
ҲҩûͳȻ,ʧͶˡ
ʱ,ϵ,µǰĳӿ
λˣڱ𿴲ĵط,֪ж١
λѩץ󣬽Ҳڻ̷δ־סջ,ҵ,ֻһ,Ǳǳǹӡ
Щ,ӢôռҵԲС
ȻԲ,ûЩźҲԲ
ղSһӣ,һʼйƵ,һֱЦǺǵغϲ졣
ȻûмԼĴ,ȴӣӶˣҲ¡
ҽڣ˵ϱ½̽ף鷳ûôΪ棬ֻ˵û£лٻ
򶫵ڣղŵġ
ϾһЩߣһ㶼ûлɡ
ӵˣæȥ骴绰Ҳʡһˣ
æýŲմأӢ˲ϣĻع飬ȴ˷ϵ£˽ʡ
ֻмʱ䣬ռһӣ⼸ɶҲûɣڼ
ӢͣĹϲС
ʱúܿ죬ת۾͵˳ߣҪˣղ᲻ã᲻Ҳû취Ӽʮǰ׳־ץߺ󣬾ע˫֮䣬һϿ½̫ãԺ߱仯ܻص½ӣȻ۵ʱԶ̫ࡣ
ղȥ˺ǣֱʱڴȥ˺׳־дţҪܵĻǴ绰ɶģ
ЦţɶҲû˵ֻͷ˵һִ绰ġ
ԣӢ֪ˣûھȥ
һӣȴ׷ͺڷˣС˻ܲˡ
˻ףп
½ȻȱռҵȴȺö˶ãֵûкռʧɢǲֻһּ
᲻ᣬͲôˡ
μԼļã֣һãе˶гϢ
һڲӵûĶˡüӣӪѧҵֿȥͨţҲͬѧҵüңڶѧ
ЩĽǵġ
ѧʱڶһɼҲܺáʱúö飬Ȼȥⷢչġ
컯ŪˣҲûȥǽȦһ֡
ȻҲܹﻹЩźġ
ͷҲãԱҲգö඼û취ˣŻȥģͺǼҲҪȦһ
룬̨
ʵѧУġ
˱ǰĵƬǰյ඼ϴȻ˼Ÿղڣ׵ռ߼˷š
һ֮£Ǻƭղ硣
Ҳǳ֮ƣڻ֪ġ
뿪ӢҲûѧУˡ
٣Ӧȥ̵Դ˾ѧϰģع飬ûȥ졣
ʡҲûȥڽʡ㸸ĸӢһ¡
骺æŷչԼҵЩһֱûʱӢѵлᣬԣʱ
شأգ۱һ¡
ӯѩİӣѾȫˣ˳ߣץ˺öˡ
ץ˺ʱץЩͬץˣǸиҵľӢУСձƯ͸صģһǿвţһ˵Ųš
˵ŲЩ벻
ŲǰųģҲͲꡣŲ˲ˣЩ˶ˣɾкöӯ˽Ӵ
һֲܿ¡
˼뻹죬ձҵ̤ᣬͱЩ񣬾һЩûⲻãǲõ˼롣
ãɣõġ
һҪ뷨
϶ãϾôࡣڷչڸı䡭
ֻҪʱˡ
ЩڿûʲôãǸŵģŻۣһһ죬ֻƫأǻ񲻾˱˵
һʱͰ½˹ɹȥѩûϾ·ͥĻᣬڲʹˡ
ӯɽ򽻸⽻
ǹǼҪôÿ⽻ȥ档
ӢعѧУһ飬Ŀǰֻ˽⣬ûдϸȥоĿǰҪǾԺϵͳо
ָľ棬ӢһֱŪһʵϡ
һǰȥμǷʱﶨµĿꡣ
Ѿ˼·ˣһϣװһԶԶչܣһһܴݵϵͳ
ھǻûпǺãϵͳ
ߵǺ˵⼸꣬궼ڷǣ߹Ѿ죬϶ܽԶ̫ա
˵ǣһƯ׷ˡ
ȥʱƯǸµػȶʧ˺üΡ
ǿǮĶƯǮ࣬Ҳסգѻػһȥרǡ
ˮת߸ϣһǿ׿˵Ư붼û뵽һ졣
Ӣӣ³ĵ׼ЩƫôȷһЩ𣿡
ԺӢİ칫½ĽüͷӢ
Ӣӹϵı棬˿ĿǰⲻϵͳϣڶװϣүүҪ׼ǻȥоǿװáڵĶװãĿǰҪЧ
Ҳû취¡
ڵķȱݺܴ
ԭϣնһأ㹻ˣȴȫ
оµĶװãȻѡ
ûİ취½ü
ҲӢûԺǰĹ׼ȶҪһЩӢϵͳӳ֣ԽԽСԣš
ӢʱûСҪ˷װõ⣬үүȥѧԺǱ߿Ǳ߲ʲôõ
Ӣ֮Իг½ȥѧԺ߿Ϊ֪ƽоⷽĶ
ƽǿƴѧʵҴ˺ü꣬ڶѧϣö඼ģλµĺܣ⼸꣬ջɲС֪ʶۣڶѧһ飬µĳͻ
½һӢᵽƽһĶͷԣǰ컹˵һ˵ʲôʲôԪĿǰԪܸǿһЩҹȥ򡣡
ӢһЦǸãˡ


136 
½뿪,ӢϵĹ£СԴ˼
ǰ˰ˣ֪ʷ,ĿƼչʱĿǰһ΢,Ϣ
ĿǰоΨֻʣƼһʱû֡
Ƽ,һԺųɡ
ٹʮ,һӰֵ,ʲô飬ݿûᵽ,ǰǼʷأʼģı䣬Ǵǿ鲡鱬ġ
ֻһ˫֣æô,ĿǺǳ,,µýȥŪ
뵽,Ӣͷӳȡһ,ʼ滮˽Ҫ¡
ȣǸԼʵңô,бʵװ˲ġ
¶϶ҪԼʵҵ,һʵֻܲͷ¶
ΪԼɫ˲ˡ
Ӣддһ,ͰѱʸˣȻԱߵ绰һͨ绰Զںǵ񻪴˹ȥ
񻪽㣬п𣿡绰ͨӢ۴⣬ʡ
ǰ紵ƴڽݣӢһյ绰һСʳ߳Ա˵
пգôˣ绰ͷʮͤͤǶһӣòϱкܴĳ롣
ϱʮʱС󣬶ȴŴ󷽣Цʱر񣬿һ̸ϣˬ
ˣʵ䡣
ýͷ־ȥʡú˵־ɶˣɵȴܼؽֹ֣ͨࡣ
ϱһⱲӵ
񻪽㣬ʡú𣿡Ӣʡ
񻪣ˣ
ӢʣʲôʱúЧ档
Ļ°棬ôˣզͻȻЩˡɻ
ӢӴЩ£ôͻȻϵˣ
˵ʡú⻹öӢӡ
ӢȻһֱ죬ĴڣȷʵΪ⿪˺̵ܶơ
ȥʡаú󣬵ǱߣǾ껹ر졣ֻһʱ䣬Ѿ֤ˡ
ɲһٶȣҪ˵û˸̵ƣš
ҲΪʡصһЩúϰ壬ڰԲ²⣬ǲʲǫ̂
²ҲãúһУˮúܣиصĺ̨ñ˼ɵ
Ӣ˾Ѿȫ죬úʵͰǱߵ½־ɣȫ𡣶˺ǣ뿴ûʲôͶʵ⡣
ԼСҪ̽ˣŬǮųɡ
߶ӢҪ̽ˣ绰ǱߣһӢֱӽ⣺飬ﱸҵʵˡ
ô죬㲻Ҫڿƴ𣿡΢
Ӣȥƴǰ˵ֻڿƴ꣬ÿƴԴһЩʵ飬ѧҵҪŪԼоԺĿһ˷ɴ̫ȥ
Ļ󣬾Ѿʼ׼ˡ
룬Ŭڣ߾˵Ҫﱸˡ
Ҫʵңɲһʵңǵʽ𣬸û취
ӢҪʵңͷ϶ţŬŬõʵҵƿȨͳɡ
ֻҪ˿Ȩ˾Ͳ岻֣ʵҾֻӢ˵㡣
ӢҲҪȳﱸѡʵ˲ţǰ׼
񻪣ʵҽ
ӢҲû룬ݡ
񻪣ȥ׶
Ӣȥ׶̫ˣʺңֻݲʺϵĵط
Ӣڽ˿ƴһº󣬾ͿǺˡ
ǰǵɣҪʲôֱӸ˵ͳɣƴʲôţҪϻòϱˣоԺѧдһķʿƼ־ϣķǷˣϣȴԵˣȴʦ
Ӣʱͺ¡
λѧɵģͼݿʱλѧһһĳڡ
λѧѧģӢǶʱڶ֪ⷽʶһȥʶˡԣʼղףΪʲôƪ£߳λʦ
¼ӢЩζ˱뷨
ãԸݲĳȦӣͷˣҪıժĳɹҲݲȥ
Ӣ£Ҳ˵ˡ
ӢĻüͷӢӣʵңǲҪȫڶԼ
Ӣ԰
񻪣ǰôû
Ӣⲻû𣿡
񻪽˽ü뷨к𣿡
ӢûС
㣬ͻȻ˼֣Ӣӣҵ𣿡
롣
񻪣Ҿ˵ɣȻСڿнԣķȴƶҵķչ뽨оԺǲܵģҲɷ˲Ųá
ӢоĶҲȥİ
񻪣ⲻһмܶණͬģӢӣո͸¶ڷ磬Ҫʵҵ¡
Ӣܴһ˵ʱ˼
֣ģɣ֪ôˡ
񻪣ţǳɣɣȻݽʵңҾȥѡַ
ͨ绰ûþ͹ˡ
ҵ绰ӢЩϣȻ۾ղ񻪽˵¡
˳ˣžͶˣԵĻصСʱʱʲôҪɶֱӿҪͳɡ
Ӣʵ֪񻪽㲢Ϲġ
뵥ȷʵЩܣһƴʲôɾͶûͱԺѧҵͱͷװ׸ˡ
ⲻҪġ
Ǹøһˡ
ݾģһʼľĪ׳Ī׳öཻˣҪʵݣؾɶ谭ӦҲܽ
Ӣ£ϲˮȻ뷨Ҫж
˰칫ңӢصԺӣͿżɽֱӸ־˵ԼԺĴ㡣
־չӢô꣬ǿӢġ
ȻһʼӢֻ񣬵ദУ־ԼССҲĵġ
Ӣļƻ뵣ǣ־ʲôû˵ֻӢ
־ôģӢԶںǵ񻪣ȴӵݾĪ־ĵ绰һˡ
ӢʵҼƻ̣ȫһֱ죬ŴǶ֪ʵ׼ˣַȥеһƬɽС
Ϊ˽ңǱ߻һ·
ӢԼ뷨˵־ԭΪ־Ȱȴû뵽徹Ȼ¸˹ȥ
ӢҲȥ²־걧ʲô˼½ˣԼʼȥо̫Զ
ɲһ̫ԶΪԶ
̫Զϴ֮ϣ̫Ӱ񻹲ܴţ֮⣬Ҫܹ۲ߵΪϵһʱյ̫о


137 
ҪԼԸ, һ˽̫յ
ӢææµµھԺʱ,ҲΪԼĿܶš
˰꣬׿ռ似õ˷Ծ,׿ƼڼѧҵоУѾһ⣬̵˾ʮס
׼ȻûдﵽӢе,Ҳʵ˲ˡ
,ܶ๤ҵе,ԭЩϡȱ
Դô࣬˿ʮ,ȱԴ޷нⲨ򻪹
Դȫ׿ռ似
ǵɹûʵĺܡ
˵ʲôƼ޹磬ƶᷢչġ
ƫֹ,šͷĺ,׿ռ似Ūߡ
Ҳ,ںˡ
ӢΪġ
ǼʱտƼӪ,οʱա
׼ķӢĺ,ҪȥҲһӢͬͬ⡣
üԴӢ̧ͷĺ
ĺףͷô˵ġ
Ӣνʼ磺үү㿴Űͳɡ
Ӣǻ,,Դȴ޵ġ
֪,һͻǿĳЩҲƯôһء
׿ռ似ĿǰǻȣͬҲҪ˼׷ϡ
ȻעҪ׷ϣǻ绻ԴԴ׳Լ
ҡѾƯһ
ݼأ¸ͻһᱻŷҿģö궼ܷϹ⼼ҲǱĹ̻
ǰʱ䣬ѾϹʴ˳оԺǱߺӣǲ⣬ǱӦûһʼ̻о
ֻҪ˹̻Իһַչ
ĺ죺ͬ⣿
û뵽Ӣô׾ɿڡ
ӢһЦͬͬⶼҪȻ˹ңİž͸ûϵˡ
ЩӢڶܣڸϵȫˣȻרæԼġ
ĺЩӢˣüͷӢ˼ۡ
鵭ƺûб뷨üģ뿪Ӣİ칫ҡ
Ӣߣǰʼ̫ԶҪϡ
һܴḶ́һ̫ԶȻһԶϿյǡ
Ӣβ͹κһź뵥ǵķ䣬ԶϵļƻԼųɡ
Ӣڰ칫æرãʱѵϵͼӡһݳװļȻŰȥ̵Ĺ˾
ӢԴ˾
û߽ţͼƺŸɫĹİ׼°ˡ
Ϊ߽˹˾ҲߡӢ³ɻʣӢӣôߣ
Ӣ̣е¡
ʲô£ɻֵȻؼҰɣؼ˵
Ӣһá
˵ţתһؼˡ
ŽݣӢȲذѰϸȡ˳
̣㿴ֵԪۼҵӳпܲ𣿡
ӢȡݣҪõ̫ԶϵĳԪ
ԪܸӣӢ֪̳ĻֵܲܲԪ
һǣֵԪõеĻ٣ֻõĳض豸ϣܴҪרŴһ̨ԪĻе̹˾ʽ𣬿ܻԽ
㣬ӹӢϵϣϸ
һ㿴Сʱ
С̧ͷһߣмצӵӢӢӣҲȷҪԪǳܲܲҪȷ𣬵øĹʦҲܸ𸴡
Ӣ԰Ūˡ
϶ˡƣԪʲô𣿡
Ӣ¼еݡ
һ£еû˼
Ӣû̽ͣ漰Ķ̫ˣͲ
ƺҲ֪ԼˣҲûʣļװãȻӣӢһԷ
ⷹǸղļʱȥġ
ӢŲ̿һϣ˿ӡ
ӢûлԼңס
ǸæˣڶӢڱȥ˾ˡ
ѧҵȥݹһʱ䡣ƹ˾ʹǵ˹˽ʡߣѧϰι˾
ӢԼ˵㶫ӣ׼ؾԺˡ
ߵ·ߣ־ȥԴ˾¥ȡǿģҪˣȻҲðѳӿߡ
Ӣûһȥ·ߵ
ŵţ۾һ̧ͼǱиΪĮˣŸİҽҩ˾Ĵ˳
˽üǣٿر壬߶䣬Щ󣬿żʡ
һŮˣȻӢȴû˼ȥüͷ¶˲˼顣
Ϊ˲Ǳˣͬĸĸʩ
ˣӢͦġ
Σ˶ѧĻᡣӢС۵Ϊεˣһͻˣг·ɸղſʩӣһľƺûѴ
ڵЩ׽͸ˡ
ӢҲɻһ¡
ûнǺǻûйϵ
·ߵһᣬ־ѳˣӢһҽҩ˾Ǳߣͽ˳
ʱǰƣӢææµµ£ԼǿҪ̫Զ˳Ȼôʱ䣬ܻ϶ȫɣֻƳ˸ţϸڴ㡣
һε٣Ӣӭ˸֮ϲ񻪽ʡ׼Сס죬һĻ㡣
ӢеڣʡһˣûûΣе⣬ֻ񻪡
ʱɶþżẰһ񻪽㡣
ˡ
һֱ˰£Ż
ԣ֪񻪽Ҫ˵Ҫˡϵȫ£ߣӣԶְѼʰһ顣
ʰˣƽϱóԵġ
ûƽϱҲʡˣһչӢĻ
ӢڳˣǴˣƽ־궼ˣЩ£ǲΪˣиŮչճӲųɡ
ⲻĪ־˺þãֱӰƽϱ˹
ƽϱһʼܾţӢദû˾ˡ
ɶȥŪϱֺǺǵؿӢ
Ӣһţ˺ö
ÿ˶ϲԵġ
СõҲǹˡ
Ӣ˲˺󣬿ʱˣȲسţ׼ȥվС㡣
ʱԵݺ
Դҽҩ˾ʩӢûɽվˣȴɲɣʩ
ӣƺҲˡ
ΪӢһվڻվ⣬ųվڴ
𳵻ûվ˶õȡ
ʩƺѾϵӢˣӢվ岽⣬ûע⵽
վӢͷϵֱ֪˳񻪽˳ˣüͷһͬ˵ʩæվȥ


138 
Ż𳵿վ,ԽԽ˴ӳվ˳
˷Ӣվڳ⣬Դ,һֱվ濴񻪺Щö˶˳վӢȴûǵӰ,ԱߵʩӵԼҪӵˡ
һʮͷˣϴһ۾һİ,˹˹ĵġ
һ,,Ȼ˵Цس˳վ
Ӣһǣջߡ
񻪺Ҳ߳˳վ,Ӣۼ⣬Ӱһ֣СѾͷüЦӯӯسǺһ
,,Գ־ɺһ
־ɵĳ,Ӣͦġ
ǰǴ绰,ʱҲû˵־ɸôͻȻˡ
־ʮͷ,УԼ̸Ķͱһ,ƺͶŮ˲Ӱ,ô,Ӣʹû˵λŮвͬġ
ɼԶϼҵŶ÷ܴ졣
ͷʮû飬Ⱳ¾Ҫɹˡϱÿ꣬ҪýżܺüˣýŸϽ־˵ϱ
ͷһͷȣÿζˡ
־ɸ磬ôҲˣӵˣӢɵؿԼҴ֡
־һЦһûˣʱûɶ£͹㡣
ӢŶһ£е㲻š
Ǵɰʵ׵ˣһ󣬾Ͱעŵ񻪺ϡ
ʮ꣬ٱþ£ȫƯȫƲۡӢԿ䣬ȵŮǻҪÿ
û棬˵˵ЦЦվȥ־󣬸
ߵò첻ȻһֱǰŮϣģȴߵ㡣
ҲӢûҪпͻ֪ΪɶԼøͻȻʡˡ
־꿪ӢĳվӢ˳˳վͱֱͣĵطȥ
Щ£ôɡ
ʩӢȽӵˣ뿪ҲͣһƬ
һǰ˵Ż
Ӣüͷ񻪺ֱƹԱһӣȻ־ĳ
ʩˣӢûнӴΨһӡ󣬾ǺöǰйվʱƽĮǾ仰
Ǿ䣬ʩû񻪽Ļ
ʱƽ
ӢʵڶûŪףΪʲôʮʩᵽ񻪽ʱôƽ
Ͼ񻪽ֶġ
ֱӢܿʩ
ԣѡ˱ܿ
˳־곯ЦЦȻȶţѳӳ˹·
ڴߵ񻪣Ҳڳӷɱȥɲǣվǰˡ
Ҳ֪ʲôĵͻȻֳɻ
Ӣ񻪣Ҫڽʡãˣȴһֱû˵һ࣬񻪡
񻪽㡣Ӣһ񻪵ɫб䣬ʱ֪ǿʩˡ
񻪻񣺡ӢӣʩҲڽǡ
Ӣͷţղڻվʱ򻹿ˡ
üͷУվǸ˭
Ӣҡͷ֪ӦǴӺģʩվġ
ǡ񻪵ૣͷ˼
Щ䣬мһʱգҲû취ǵġ
ǵãԼϱôġ
ѰŮʮ꣬һһ·ȥ˺ǡ
˺ǣΪƣӦƸһ˽ҽԺղվǰ۾ӣǼ˽ҽԺԺ
ǵãһȺ˷ŪСǰһ죬ҽԺԺ
ʱҽԺԺǲǽ񻪡
ͷˡ
ȻԺһ£ʲôû˵ˣڶ죬ͱ˷ӸС棬Ȼ󡭡
ûȻˣˡ
ڣûף˷ΪʲôͻȻһ־ҪҲǰ֪ŮǱǻ˷Ӹߵġ
ЩںǣҲ˽ӴһЩˣǰ˷֮Էֵǣǻ˷ӷ·ĴһϢûС
Щ£Ȼһӣ񻪻һ۾ͽղǸϳˡ
ľ
һãʲô
λԺϵʩ
ʩ֮䣬һμϵĹϵ
ѵСﱻգ飿
Խ룬Խࡣ
һԣӢı仯Сһʣ񻪽㣬ôˣ
ѹסĵ׵ľңҡͷû¡
ӢŲû£˽üʣ񻪽㣬ʩ⼸ϵ𣿡
񻪽һʩͱɫǺʩйء
˵ʩ׿ʩԭ򣬱ȥ׶֮û˵ʩҵ£ȥˣҲ֪ôˡ
񻪣ǰϵǵڵĹºˡ
ʩأӢϻʡ
ʩһںǶУӦҲѧˣǲ֪ѧ
񻪣˵ͳˣҲ
ӢŶһ񻪽ƺûж˵£ҲЪһˣת˵˻
˵ǻͶˡ
ϾһڽʡʱʱͻĽô򽻵̸ļǡ
˵ĽãҲѾˡ
޸һҷװϰ壬ӹûɣѾСӣǸӣͷԵرɰСѧҵ󣬴˵ǮĳѧУŪһľߵꡣ

һСʱӰ죬ôĹ
㱾ȥѧͷѧʦˣôմǮ꣬˭֪ȥ˼ʦѧһ죬ͿĻ˵ʦףȥˡ
û취ֻľߵæ
ԺôҼöûס
Ӣ˵Żһԣ񻪰۾ſ˼άϱӵ¡
ղţЩʧˡ
ֻΪ̫ˡ
СǾ걻յģѰʮ꣬ڼûȥյԭһֱΪԼûŮԲű˷˿ӵġ
ڡ
ʩԺҽԺԺͻȻɱȺ˷ӡ
ǲʲôϵ
˼䣬־Ѿ˿ƴ󸽽
ٶ𽥱Ӣһ۳ĻüһЦ񻪽㣬ˡ
񻪰ʱ£ӯӯһЦҲʼ档
Ӣӣڿƴôû۸㣿ǳЦʡ
ӢûУ˭۸ҡ
ڿƴȻѧݣʵϣȴѾ˱ԺǱԺĿԱͷˣǾ׳ԺôҲ۸ϡ
񻪣ǾͺáλڽǴ£æϵºҺú漸졣
Ӣ񻪽ιΪʲôӢ˾óװ𣿡
һԣ㿪ڵ귿زչĿ죬ߣҲڹ滮زһ飬ͶʵزԹ
һ£û˵
㣺ôæĻ֪Щ¡ҽ͸ǵϢ˵ǿǱߣ뽨һĽ֣ЩǮˣ·û̼Ƥ
ӢŶһ
һͷҲ˻⣬˾ͽǵ̸δĹ滮뷢չ
⣬ӢȤֻڡ
صңƽϱѾѷãӢ񻪺㻹øϴһ£˱¿ʼԷ
һٷ˳ԵúһֱھˣСòЦǺǷ˿ӣ־ڳ극󣬾ͱ־ȥסĵط
һûСú˵ĻƵģϴ裬˴һֱĵҹúܡ
ţӢ񻪣񻪽㣬־ɸôˣ
⣬ˡ
־ɸʡǱߵú߿ûôףƫξͻȻˡ
Ӣһ־ɣԱߣ΢΢һ䣬Ӣأûע⵽ı仯
Ц㣬Ϊɶ¡
Ӣ±ƣ
ɶˣ
ʲôʱ£ôһû
ҪûǴĻţһǺǴҵġ
־ɸ㣬ǲ̫ɶˡ


139 
Ӣܺ־ѧ֮,ʲô¡Ϣģôзչأ
ǵںǶеʱ㻹̸һšýУ,ҲмģúܸɾΪ,ǻһֱչȥء
ӢץӷΣ㣬֪
񻪺ȴ˵,ֻ͸¶ϢӢ֪,Ъ
,Ѿĵ˽ǵķչϡ
ӢûȤ,ֻƤʹ˼ܣʵ̲ס۾һؾ˯˹ȥ
񻪺µģһֱӢ,,緹,˾뿪СԺȥæԼˡ
Ӣ뿪,鷿Լϣ̫ԶĹؼԪ,Ѿи̣ڣֻǱߵĻظˡ
̹˾,ܰԪŪ,̫Զܳˡ
һҪʱ䡣
ڼ,Ҳһֱɵš
ҪŪ
̫ԶģֻǡĿǰְԺߺͺоԺϹԽúоԺԴԼҪɵǣһº
ӢæҲæ
˵Ӣµģ£ó˳Է˯Ǵղһ顣
һֱʮõ˽ӣǲЪ
ͣˣԼҵСȴЪˡ
ΪӢһ⡣
ʱյĿռ߹죬ӢЩɡ
̫ԶҪ۲̫ϵǵģԱ㽫Ϊķɴ趨ǵĸ߶ȣñĿǰĿռ߹죬һЩųɡ
ӢھͿһϡ
ǰȥоԺоԺ˺öϻؼҡ
ڣݣȷյĹ
Դ˵ԴôӴ㣬Ҳûܰſ
Ӣӣ´ˣҺҪغˣпȥݷһ⹫ţƴ̡񻪻صңӢЩɳϣ룬
νʡ֣ôɴİĿǣٲúռйϵ
˼ûţæȴ֪ܵ
ȥݷһ²ųɡ
ԣӢӣ⹫ţдǳԶٷɡһԣ־ɿڵ
Щĥ־Ҳˡ
ˣӦȥݷһλˡ
Ӣ˼л̧ͷøԼС㣬԰ǰ⹫أ˵ʲôʱԼųԳԷ
񻪣ǳɣ绰˼ңʲôʱʱ䡣
ӢҴи˵ʱĻҴ绰ȥ¿ķ꣬Ūһ
񻪣ɣǾɡ
һͻȻȥɣҾͲȥˣٹҪغǣȥĺ塣
ĺ壬
ߣĵڶҡĸȫڽǣѵϾʱСġ
ر
˵ԽԽšˣȥҪʵڲɣɴȥˡ
Ӣ̧ͷ˿㣬ãһ˵
˵Ӣ˶٣˵һ䣬㣬ǻ˵˵ɣ治ɶˡ
ʲôˣе£ûӢĻ
Ӣֹ
ɶû˵ֻȥ֪ˡ
£Ӣܡ
ͬһУľߵֿ⹫ڵһƬҼõ£һ㶼֪
ƽʱ٣ôһˣȴ˼˶¡
һʦߵһˡ
ʦ˽ʮ꣬ʮȥš
ľߵ꿪ѧԱߣľߵһȥ֪ôžͺǸʦߵһ
徭Ӣ
ҲǴ˵ģ⼸ҽ㶼ˡ
ҽǸʦֿȴ׼λʦֻѾֺܾˡ
ҽöû¸㣬ģԣ㻹֪С۶ˡ
ӢĻӵɻȥ㣬󼸽ü䵽ױʲôսӢֻ֪ڻغʱɫر𲻺ã󻹶һһԹ
ڶ磬Ӣϵ£񻪺־ȥ̼ҡ
֪СҪղڸ˹һȺֱӽԱߵһҷݣϰŪһͺ
ҶˣҲûɶİģ˵˵ЦЦͺֵسһٷ
극ڷһʱ񻪺־ɱ׼ؿƴǱˡ
ǵĵƤѾںڣ񻪶һвϤ׼غǺרҵߵ£ңעһҷز˾
֪ǰСæҲûˣЦǺǵذͳ꣬Ҫʲô£ԸҴ绰
ռڽǻмģɶ¶ѣ־ˣܰô˳ռкܴĹϵ
һƵĻ˵ʲôƸмлл̣Ҫ洦ˣ϶ġ
˵ţ˱˷ꡣ
Ѿˡ
ʢĵ磬Щˡ
һھƵֿ־㿪ƴȥ
϶һ죬з׺ҹµĽֵӳþЩ
СγʻϣӢ˵Ż˵ǽ꣬ӢһУҪȥһƬءƬأʵҵĵطȥȻ滮һ¡
Ӣ˵ݾôͰѵƤʵˣüͷһʱЦ
֪ǸԼöĪүү϶ͬɵģŰԼĴðǱߣͿʼ滮ˡ
ţ꣬ҿ϶ؼҡӢСԴ͵㡣
Դ뿪кڼֻعϼһΣ꣬ǵûȥˡ
С˵Żǰҫֻˣеš
һƬи㳡ʱΣ㳡ɢ˺ܶ࣬ڹ㳡Ա߻ͣ˲г־겻Ұѳ̫졣ҲΪӢ񻪶˳ˡ
ܴ󣬵ĳЩʱرС
Ӣ񻪶ͬһʱ䣬˴ӳˡ
˲ǱˣʩڳվӵǸˡ
ɲǣʱ˱仯
۾ڳվֹϣ˳˼
һĬӢʱͲ仯
Ӣɵؿ񻪣Ȼתͷ߹ȥˡ
񻪽㡭Ӣſڣһ񻪡
񻪻ӢЦЦȻĿһת򿪳־꣺壬鷳𣿡
־̧ͷӺӾ￴˿񻪣ʲô£
񻪣ܰҲһºʩһǸ𣿡
񻪽ʶӢʡ
񻪣ʶ֪Ǻˣҡ
Ļû˵
Щһ֪ô˵
Ӣͣ˻ûжʣת־壬ܲܲ͸񻪽ɡ
־ףһᰲȥ
־ɴ䣬ϣͰ·ԸȥҲܿ죬񻪴־ɻغǵĵ죬Ǹʩһֵ˵ϣͰӢİ칫ϡ
˵ûɶ⡣
˽кǱˣĿǰǺĳоԺоԱݵ飬ƺЩݹºĴ㣬ǣʩŪһҽҩ˾ġ
ǵҽҩ˾ȡĵط
ӢϣСԴһȻߵͨ˺ǵĵ绰
֪ΪʲôҪȴα֪񻪽Ҫ
С֪ˣСôӣкģԺδĳһǣ


140 
Ӣͨ绰,ѺϢ񻪡
Щ飬ԼȷõϢ,Լ㿪ʼе
ںǴƴô꣬ԼҪһյѲѡ˻ڽ,Ǳ߾Ͷ˽һ˽⡣͸־һĶ٣ûҪġ
Ҳ,ͷ,Ǳɶְҵ,ûôʱ䶢źɴ˸רҵʿ,רŶҺ
ʢѹϯأգؼͲ˺˪ĩƴ˼,Ӣϵȫ,Ҳϳ,̤˻ϼҵ·
,ӢļƻûκƽһУ̫ԶԪϡ
ҹҵ,첻ҪԪԪĻеֻйСΪˣ͹ĳ˾Ӵ,е
κ,Ǽҹ˾зǿеĹʦԼ,ǿеڻġ
Ӣ֪ϢС汬Լļƻʱ£ſһͷԽ˹ҵезϡ
꣬ûɣԵ£ȴ˲١
˵ĹҵеǺ׼йأǰӢû׼ϣ׼һͶ˱ˣˣðʱ䣬Ͱѻ׼ȫõ˹ҵеϡ
öҵõ˺ܴķչ
Ҫģ̫ԶԪĻеҲڼǰ͵ƵԴ˾
еԪõĵط٣Ӣƻеʱ򣬾ڻе˼룬еܹ๦ܷչ
ҪԪϹ⼼һת䣬˴ӡҪԪ
ĿǰûԼĴӡء
ͬʱһҲʼһʮȫͨ磬˵ȫͨ磬һЩɽʮͲе磬һͳʵȫͨ磬ϲ㻹׼ϵһ˵վͨѶʼ𽥳͡
Ҳмƻؿʼȫ
캮ضӢͷ¶ϳػصСڼǰ¶оһĿ꣬ǾǺӢһһҷɴȥ̫յķɣҲΪĿŬš
з֣Ի˼ҡӢֻд˰죬͸һ塣
ҽؼҹˣ־ڲûл˶ˡ
Ѿںǲμӹᣬϼҡ
ҵһѧǺѧУҵǻҶع㱨Ҷһ֣乤ʱֱӰ˺
չĲӴͶʵ
־ѧҲ˺ܴĺתӢøϾʲô̬ˡЩݣƺ˲ࡣ
ˣҺҶͷˣΨү泯졣
ǰû˵ȥܾˣ˵ϰ鶼ˣȥ˳ﲻ㡣
ûޣɴһլַϣ˴С¥ȻŮؽȥ˳˷ݹ
һۣǺܿĵ£־˵£ȴϲɨˡ
ֻΪ־ɺѾȷ˹ϵ
־ɶʮüˣһֱû̸Ŷ÷ܴ켱òɣһûɶĵҡ
üûлعϼˣһ̸ۼޡ˵˼ֵúܣôȥ˵ĽѵյܵҼ
ϱ˵ţŶ÷ܴ춼ǳصġ
ϱãŶ÷ϱͱᣬ˼죬ҷǧǮ׶ϵҵĹϵӴ
ҴϱһΪǮ
꣬ǮšϱǧǮãĻ˵ڣǮͿˡ
˿ɣ̾ҡͷ
־ɵ£ڶˣ˵ǵȹͰƽ顣
Ӣûϣ־֮䵽ô£СѾͷȴ֪־ɸƺϲ㣬Ϊʱ޿̶ϡ
³˼벻ˡ
񻪵Ҷˡ
һģһޣһֱû¶ľ˾˺;衣
Է޶ǻҽ˼ֻҽȴر㡣
ʩҵ˼æŵʱ۸ԼҹŮ񻪸Ūˡǰǳ鲻ʩҵ£̵ɩһֱ֣Ӱ㵽ʩ׿ϡ
Է޵Ĳ£ʩ׿ڵĹ˵ǰȥⷢչˡ
ʩ׿£Ҳ֪ҲҶ˼ҰݷãŴӼ˿е֪ġ
񻪶ʩûɶ飬Ҳͷˡ
³죬ԼҼ뿪壬ǰһߣ񻪾ʹӢȥڽеоԺ
оԺӢоԺʵϣǹҿϾµġϾߣȥӢоʲôҳλ棬Ī־˾ߵҪ
ǱӢԺоĳɹھϣȸͬʱ½оԺܾҾоԺ£һнӢԼ
óӢǶģûκĪ־ǩ˺ͬ
ӢоԺλأռر㣬ããɽУǰյĶλǣû취׼׽λӡ
Ϊɽûˡ
ӢоԺλӺ⡣
ֻһٶ๫Ҳ﹤ϾʱԻؼҿ̺ү
̺үԽԽݣϣʲôź뾡ǡ
оԺſûã깤ԶӢҲȵƴѧҵоԺҲˡ
һоԺ˵ͽģӢȱýСһ𳤴С㣬ʵĺܣҪűģֻҪоͳɡ
طӢϼܹ죬ʹҴææ뿪С

ʱۡ
Ӣʮˡ
ʢģӢڽԼѧҵ̤Ȧ
ʱѧȴʱֱӶ˲
ǻչʱӢѧҵԼ⼸ڿƴۼһӵйͬõͬѧƺƵǶԼоԺ
ӢԼ룬̫Զͽա
Ǻر䷢λڴ֮ϣĳӰȫܿ˴εĸš̫Զܹ۲棬ؿ̫
̫ԶһΡ
һԼʷ¼еΰ
Ӣ֣̫Զպڿѧ糹ҲֻһֶѣĳЩˣŮ
Ϣüã֪ڵĳ˻߲㣬ֻЩĬĬڸоĿѧңû̽õϢ
ӢЩֻǰ࣬Ŀǵ̫ա
ȥλڴɽеоѾͶʹУоҵʽ𣬴ͷƵԴ˾ṩģбǾÿᲦһΣΪͶʡ
ͶʣӢҲǻرġ
ƵԴ˾չƱһѸͣҪʮһͲŻչ¶âԴ˾ھʮڣ㿪ʼ
ھӪǼҷװ˾ͬʱʼתͶг
ӢҪ㷢Ǳ̽޸̽û㹻Ĳ֧ţһжǿ̸ƫƶţһʵ֡ң룬Ժ󻹻ı硣
ڶǮĺ֣í˾ӢоԺǮ
ʢĵ磬ӽ
нͷϣӢһɫϵѩ⣬̵ظߡ
񻪽㣬㵽˭Ӣҧһѩ⣬ؿܣʡ
񻪿Ľͷһˡ
һʱˡ
ǵãһǸ˻Ӳӻؼ̽ףʶ󡣵ˣһЩʶ
һκź
ǣ֡
Ӣ棺˭
񻪣δĽ򡣡
ӢգգۣС첻һţ񻪽ϲˣ˭
ЦһӢɶҲû˵ֻͷͰĿ䵽·ͷǱߵһ¡
ǿ󷽣һƬʽƽһƬлûй滮ӴǱߣҪȵ˵ļңǿ档
Щûзעò𰸡ԴڽϺʩ񻪼ţϱﱻտ϶⣬Ϊ
˵ǺôãȴʼҲκ
ûⷽϢźǼҽԺ˳˳ˮҽԺλӡ
ʱ֤ݣٱڹڼɶɣΪһûκΥ͵¡
һ̫ãЩˣⲻǰ۵ͷ
ҧѩӢڿ񻪵ͷ󣬾ȵöǳԶˡ
գۣĲš
Сϲˣʲôʱ£զɶҲ֪


141 
Ӣý
ƫ񻪲,ӷεĵ˺þãȴһֱûеȵǸ˳֡
ԼԼգĺɫ,͸ʧȻЦЦӢ,˿ƽֵĹ
񻪵ļڲ࣬ٹ͵ûغˡΣ,͵ˡ
񻪵仯,ӢܿͲ,죬ôˡ
ɿ,Ļûʵó
ĬĬ˺ƽ֣пĽֵϵһ죬ʲôҲûеȵ,춼ȥй,ÿνһ,Ǹʼûг֡
Ǵæ,Ųʱһ˲ף,ʰ˺ǡ
ӢλУҲǳջģǰһ,,͸һʵҡ
,Ӣææȫûʱȥ¡
ʮѧϰӢеѾȫ⿪ˣϱӵϵͳݿ̫֪ʶֻ֪ĶʵʣõС
оҵҪоĿǷɴ̺ܴżһЩõɴϣͬʱõƼչϡ
ӢŶӣΪһĿ깲ͬܶš
ÿ˵Բģһʱ̫ҸҲźӢΪԼŬʱ䣬һ΢Ц뿪˼䡣
˯뿪ġ
Ҵչĺܺãûʲôźġ˶ʮ־ѧҲִƼ£Ҳȫˣ˻˼С˵Ůչܺãһûκź
Ψһеǣҵģ־ѧ֮ǰû
꣬һӢʮˣͤͤҲڿѧԽԽ˽죬Ҳ̽ˣǸûƼȵĴﵽ˭ˡ
֪ɲǣûһš
˶ΪӢֻǻƳߵЩ˿ƼǸŶʮͷСŪġ
Ȼúܿ죬һ꣬ӢŶӣһ̬췢µĸ߶ȡ
췢ǸоĿǰһϣƯһֱңȻһ꣬ƯԽˡ
ԽҳԽĳ̶ȺܴƯ׷׷ϡ
Ҳһ꣬ͻȻҪˡ
ϢӢըˡ
ŵشоææϻУȻ󣬾ͿС㣬һؿһһװˡ
Ӣе£ôҲֻýܣԼСҪˡ
ӢȻɶȴ֪СƺϲͻȻðĽ
ٶһ㣬ֻһۣ֪λֱľˡ
˻ܶ
ʳ¯Ľڽûú۵뷨񻪲ۡΪϱӣû˵ġ
ܿһ١
ⱲӺúõģϡ
񻪳ɻӴһλƯʦ
ʦһ񻪣ȥƯʩ׿Ų
ʩ׿ǰԼñƳ˻ʩһʦΪʦߣŲʩ׿ûڵĹⷢչɲ
ʦ˵ʩ׿ڰ֢ġ
ǰĲƲͨͨ񻪡
ʩ׿кǷľ񻪣ǰֲСŮѲƲȫҲǲһ˫ŮʩɼһʩʲôûС
񻪽ӵпǧ
û뵽Ŷ̶꣬˾ˡ
Ȼûʲô飬ϣ
񻪳Ĭ˺ܺվһˣʩ׿µĲƲ
ԼһиС̽أоǮʩ׿µŲȫͶӢӵʵչĺ켼
ҲǼӷչɡ
ȥ˹⣬һȥȥ¡
Ǳߴһ˾
ʩʩöõʩ׿ĲƲֵúףô֣Ҳı䲻˽֣ʩ׿ŲջǹС
Ӯ˹˾ȴûһ˿ˡ
ֻΪƯĻ˽һ
һϱɱˡ
Ȼڲž꣬вʮֻ꣬ᣬȴȷûϴˡ
˺ͺһʩߣ˴յһһԼƺʲô
ʧٵС
еɻ󣬶һ̽⿪ˡ
񻪺ޡ
ǷᣬٶĺޣҲ֤ݲܽЩ֮Է
Ȼϱӵ£ⱲӲٷҪõ֤ݽЩͨͨͽȥ췽ҹ̷
Щ꣬һֱ˶źôȴʼû
ûһֱ
ֻҪвʹһа취ͽ
ع񻪿ʼݷȥ׼꺢ӣЩ
û񻪻ˣϱӣ˶ʮС
ΪЩ£ٴʧȥŮҪȽŮȻ
ϵ£Ӣһ㶼֪ҳ̺ɴңŴ̫մӰݡ
ʮ󿪷ţչһжõķ淢չ
ɽеоңʱʱͻµķͳΪӢоԺõ˺ܴһЩԽƯ
ϱӣͻйʹĹ¼һŹҾǿĳЩٲҶԻΪ
ϣǽǿĻ֮ϡ
ЩûаʷڽչһȴͬǾǻвһֱڹϷ͡ǧ꣬۵Ļһܱȣв۴ڣͬʱ⽻ҲԽɣͬʱյǸࡣ
Ů꣬ҽҩ緢һ
ʩΪ׵ĳƼ˾ͺΪԺĺĳҽԺ˽˿⣬ˣǼҽԺ˿ڡ
عҽԺ﹫˾ģǹԴ˾ͷ򣬾˵һκֵģʵôȴû֪
سں½İ칫¥Цˡ
Цͬʱ۾ﻹϢʹ
١˿ڷϱС
뵽ĳֿܣؿڴʹһǵıȥ
صң˺׷ܵŮ֮ʹڵõ˻⡣
ⱲӣСﻹڡ
ûбգҲĵطһЩõ顣
ͺãͺá
ʩΪ׵˿ڷܿ˽Щɲʲôûʩͺķ֤ռ˲٣Щ֤һع⣬ʩٴαͽ˷ͥͬһɱǸˣҲһͬ˷ͥϯϡ
̫ӣ⣬˶̡
нĵѹŵʯͷȥһЦվʹСУȥӢˡ

ʱҴҡ
һαǧꡣ
ھʱ򣬻ĶλǾѾ򣬽ǧ󣬿еĹܷӵ˼£ʼʹõϣܻеͨڻ
ӢʵΪԼܶ
˷ɴ̫գһңԶ롣
һɵġ
Ӱ꿪ʼ׼ڣѹȥʮ꣬Ӣֻ˼ǧԪҷɴۣں˻رࡣ
һ꣬ӢҲ⣬ܹ骿ʼ߻ˡ
Ӣ붼û뵽߻£Ȼطϡ
Ҵ߻飬Ǿ˷һʶʶĶӢܶĻ⣬Ūͷļ͵ϯİ칫ϡ
ӢĸĶܽտʼҲȥ˼ףȥκûɶȤˣ˸ʵҡ
Ī־Ѿˣ˵Ӣ׶⣬ŹȥʵӢϲ͵ģҡ
Ӣ룬˵˾䣺ÿġ
Ī־ӢĻشһ£ȥˡ
Ȼ󡭡ûȻˣӢһûС
ÿˣӢȴԴûûйͬãĿһµġ
ˣ
Ŀһ¡
ĿǺǿգ⣬⣬ȥĸҸĿһµģ
ˣŸɴҲҸоİɡ
ΣҴŵһңһȺоҳһ涼ˡ
Ժףк׹顣ҵڹƼѧ격ʿ󣬾ֱӽ˻оԺʮ꣬ţܷӢҪĺÿ
ף׷ֲһʼͱ˿ۡ
ⳡ׽ôӢ˶ֻ֪׹ͦвŻģںϣкܶ๲ͬԡ
׹Ǹ˲ţӢͲںоԺǽǵ˼
Ҳ֪׹ǲҲۣӢں֮̽Ե˸֦ȥһ˦ȥ˼Ҿͽסˣ˳۵ӢоԺ
˴ͦģǳദģʽһοӦǳˡ
ȴ֪Ƿĵ̫磬Ӣһֻķɴ˼̸ġں׹Ͳˣֻ֪׹Ӣеر
˵һᾭܶ౯ϡ
ӢӭҵǾǴͶĺӡͬʱҲүʮʱһγ硣
ֻھʮܶе˷ɴˡ
˷ɴǡ
ҷɴӵʱȽϵͳԴȼϺ˷ϣȼޣ÷ɴ̫գȴް취ʱ乩
Դδ͵õδʱյӢô⡣ǱڷɴһϵͳϵͳܹȡеİʣתԴ
2012Ĺ쳤٣һϢ糱ˮ㸲ȫ
һ˷ɴա
˷ɴ
ǿֻС˵ǺƻõӰеĶǴﶼûг׳͸ȴøԶ˵Ū˷ɴ
ȫ磬ֻЩƼˡ
ΨһֱںͻļңϢ뻪̽
ϢǾ;Уе㶫
ϲӢ˱棬ȷ˷ɴѳɹ׼ŶģȻҲ̽
ȫڹ컶ʱϴɽһûĻأƿαװǰ
һҸɴô¶
ĺɽмɳۣȻա
ɴպȶ
ȻǵһǰգʵϣѾɽˡ
һΣǿհ¡
ȻϢûоַҲûʱ䣬ûκý壬ֻսؼȫ̼¼һʼûעķɴֱɴ˰գϵϵ˲ŷ
һ֣Ӱ¼˲䴫
ˡ
ʱӢѾĻǣĿ̫ա
Ŷ˵룬ɣҲѹʵס˷ܣڿĴף
ʮо׼ǽഺ׸ҷɴڴԸ˭ܲء
ѽʮȴɵŵӢҡеĹ֭˫û̫Ⱦ۾Цеؿߵ¶ֵĺ׹飬񻪽㣬ϾҪȥǿˣ𣿡
񻪻ͷӢӯӯһЦˣӢӣûôʧ
ӢǣӦ£Ҿһ
¶㣬׹飬񻪽һεǴĴ䣬ȥҿһ¡Ӣ±ӣ
񻪣ɣȥæɣùҡ
Ӣͷһ£תȥ
ǿգһֱӢҪִĵط
ǼʱգĸɫϵͳûȥǿաΨûгͱˣ֪ǿжҲͰգ֪һʲôѤطȥһۣӶ
񻪿뿪ӢͷעӢĺ׹飬ҡͷһʲôҲû˵ŷ¶һȥ˱Ĳ
ԱٿŷɴǰٶȣǰͶϣɴ类ȫͶ档
Ӣӫϵǿɫʣüͷһ߸Ĩ΢Ц
ǿգͳˡ
