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è̴峯˻͡ʷزز۵꣬ԵʲôûС
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Ȼһ죬ֱԺȴҲ̣ԳֵطGͷһ¶ɫ

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1 
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˼èһԽزʷֻ꣬ԵʲôûС
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ˣҪڰͷϿиӰɡ
Ͳˡ
ԺͷһȦû֣ȥһūŸСĿ
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2 
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4 
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ڰȣͷݺݵľס䣬̽ͷ˭
ʮ壡ϲ
ط_ЦһžĹţҪطG棬žźͣҡڵԺߡ
ԺӲõ£Ǽɽˮ΢ЩݣȴҲһݶζ
ļҵ̣ƶһ𡣡
ߺߣ˶С̣ͼѩɰ۾ľˣЦˡ
ͷطAͣЦſ䣺Ⱥźÿ̫࣬Żֿɰ
ȻԼҺŸϻЩЩһˣԲӴŰɫƤıߣֻһŴ
࿴ۣ־Ҫ̣϶ϡձ
ط_źͣкָط˵壬һ㡣
尲
ŴŴĴк
طG߽ʱ򣬾ͼѾ绳ıĲЦü䡣
硢硣кԼڱϣƵƷ衣
ط봩һϮɫĳۣ֫ϸϸģ˾Цζĸ̫Ӷհôֵһˣ
ط_ƣЩ
⻰˵Ĳ
ָֻطGı̫ǰһˡ
˰ˣȻҪĳԾƴ̡طGƳһۣ˵ܶӡ
ӲĻ˸䡣
ط˸ӣ뷭ȴǿסˣǿһԵĺͣЦСˣ
̧򢣬۶飬˭ҲȲ϶𴲵Ļʰ硣
һҭզ벻ͷǵʡ
طGֶ˶٣̬Ⱥ䵭һط»ͷ˵ʱĵûɡ
ط뱻ĸѻ
̿裬Щȣקϵ磬طG
ʰµʱط_ūں͸ǰ
طK۾˼ĿˡʮźͿ˰Σ䲻ԵĵʱһѰԼ
ͣ
ﻹŰɸ⣬Ӷǹĵġ
ͻȻɣŤͷ
ʮԭŻ뱻Եһ£ʱˣҲ§ڻζŻع񣺡ô㣬϶ɺóˡ
;֣ԡ
ʮĿӣ˶ʱЦˡ
ʱԼĪɵʱ򣬳ˣˣǾոճͷұ˴˼ֵܼС⣬żЩСȴ˴š
˴˶ܿơ
ͻԵģСȥκצӶ̣ʮ۵Ҫʱ͵͵ӡ

طGƳһʮ
ʱ㣬ϽѲùιͳԶ
̺ܹԣм䣬ֻ˫Ĺ۲ˣ󳳴ִ󺰴С
ط_ſţɫİ̵Լ
룬Юĸ磬ⱧĲ̣ĸĸΡ
ֱ
طGط_˵һЩ£ط˵ķգطԼдĲãطK˵Լȥ⡣
⣿ġ
طKһ˫Ưĺ΢΢ͣüģ
С֣һ壡ḻµģ
ġ
СӼطKЩΪӣ¶Ըûһġ
ҲÿУطKץסһʡ
Ϳ϶ͷ
ҹָһ㣬سɴ֡
طGеĲյɤӣĿͣһСӶʲô˵
ͳ˻·ֱĻ޺طGԷɺܶ࣬СҪȲ衣
ǲز裬Ȳߡ
ƽﶼҪ̣ȵ
Ͳţð겻ע⣬Ͻ͵͵ĺһڣȻζ𣬾ͱʼϵ̿ۡ
ϵĿӶС۵̵ĺǾ¡
٩٩̸˹ԣǺȾƣͺ̣Լ̾ơ
ɽգȪʯֵȺȣ
˵ףƴʣ֪Լµͣſɿɰġ
طAü˵ˡ
ճ꣬ȴ磬ȱвУͶ̣Цһɰ
ط˵£ֱӾٱһ
һʱЩڴСڼҶѧʲô
ȱˡ
ڴĿ£Ķ̰¶ԲĹĵСӣֱӰá
У緢ľһȦ̸ɷˡ
á
Ƕǡ
طGԼŶӣˡ
׳־ڰůڵĻ˯õСŽţ룬Ҫܳ͸ˡ
̯һè̱

˯ˣѹЩ³һŸɢˡ
˯Ļ찵ء
طGտʼƬ̺ϢͿʼȣĳ쵽ˡ
ط_ߣ䳰ȷĸ겼ʱģ
İڲһϣȲüֵܣڵס˵ȳǿСĵܵҲȲ
طG̲š
Ⱦƺȸ˵ط_һʱڳһŭĵһۣڵزŲˡ
طGźԭأ紵¶𲻶
ֵͬܶˣšһ̫ͷ󻼡
ʲôȴʲô
˫ӣڶҹУ޶˵¶ֱǺȴת˲䣬ֱ̣̤ͦ뿪ˡ
˻رոͼСƣſڵţӭɻˣ䲻䣿
˯ˣѹŵĴطGϣϸĵĸãϵƯĺᣬϸȾˣתͷūűѾ
ȻԺȾŵůڵģѣѾ˯౵ĺͷһԵϡ
Ͽľս˯Ÿûͷһʲôʲô޷˯գСͯ
ĹԡסڵĿޡ
طGһۣҲԵˣȻգˡ
⻰ĸͬбһԼүɶ£ˡ
šطGܵӦһϵվӸµĿĸѹȸʮĴȥϴˡ


5 
ůڣӹཹཱུðݣⱻã۵ɢ
Ͱΰѣܾгǵ㣬ԼԺ۾ͼ
ԼҰɿ°£¶׳ѩţһɢڵ̺ϡ
һţһ޴ŵİš
ԼҶңСκ죬ơ
͵ʱһµ˫ɵԲܹڵϣߵĿŹӣСϸߣǳԹѽ
ģӺСƣ̹Ĳˡ
ԸĲˣȴǿţ򶨵ҹˣھ˯
طG˾ƣҲˣһ˫ķҲЩˮ⣬ЦЦζĿŸβĿ⡣
üȥطG͵ʱɫһ壺ȥ˯
˯ʲô˯
ֱطGһ꣬ҳԿò
طGƳһۡ
Ĭˡ
££ѣգȥ۽üҵĴ⣬ֻȥ¡
̡
ǺȾƣ̡
ѩҹϪձůյƣõӡ
ֱԵĺͣСǶԲ̱طGһèߺǶǡ
طG䳰СС֪ߡ
ҲֹĸӣһЦΣɲٳˣ⵽ʱֿǺá
ཱུԴסˣ𣿡
һᡣ
èԽԽء
طGҲЩˣԱ˾ͻ˯סੲСӵ죬һ첲һ첲Ѹһţ˯
ҲҪ˯һˡ
Լܱĵϡ
ȴطGѪѹˣưСǵʵˡ
̱ԼСֻͣӿܽʣӦĸ
һҹ˯
ȺʱطGѾϳȥˣڿ˲ѣ͹ϴ
㡣Ĳ˲䡣
ǸĶչٽūŵ֣
𵰸
һ뼦һ̣ȺɸӣϸΪóԲ
Ͳú壬Լһ롣
Ż
ͷ䣬ԭţèסСͨ죬ҲҪȥͷ档
ѻͷñϡ׷ŵġ
͹ԹԵĵСȰȵĿʼҪʲôϻʲôҪèñӲ硣
úúáϱЦӦˡ
ūŴźͳȥ棬ԺﻭèĻȡñӳ
һţͿˡ
ȳ鷿طGڲڣֲں󣬶ʱЩʧ䣬ȥ˿Լ֣ĬĬڴһѴ죬гԲĴ
⡣
ཱུƨɵӣŬĶѩˣСֶĿû֪˷ܵĲС
طG³ͷǰһСˣŻͷñĺǽ
ԣ
·ҿ
Ҫ·
ͲĲˣĺ·ƣ
طGƳһۣ죬ൽңƨɵӾһơ

ĳ
ɣͰ͵Ŀˡ
ǲ治𣿡
գգ۾ǳĽëͱʪˡ
طGָ飬ѲɴˣûҶ֡
˵ţͼѰ˵Ǹèñˡ
ȻͼŻίͰ͵ĺ˲રવĵᣬһ̵Ϻһۡ
طG
ϱźͺ壬ĸТůڵĻ棬žͲʹ졣
ȡɤӡ
ڳɫϵĻС첲ȦŶĲӣ˵ʲôﲻ²̱㡣
ǿطGȴ˵⣬ơ
طG˿
̧̧֡
ϰѺͷһǿĿ
ͬ顣
طGڳɫĸͣ˵ϴ棬ҲǴޡ
һʡ
ĸһͣС͸ˣŵ첲첲ˡ
طGӣҲЩ顣
һҹˡ
ϸñӣϸţסͷҼÿ
ڰë޵СñӣĵС۷۰װף¿ɰе̬èñӵӳ£չֵ쾡¡
꣬СèգųĽëһ˫ǳֱֱĿ
طG
ȴըˡ
̣еÿ
һñȥè̡
طGֱ죬ӵһߣ㳤Ӻôɲɡ
һ޹Ŀ
̫Ӻ
طGЩ
ͷ۵üģ⺢ӲҲƤɰһͿ˲֪ôˡ
С̷ﹰ˹ĸ첲һٴ䡣èʱ򣬾ôĵģˣ
طGǲͺȴʵĶཱུƨɵʡ
˻ϾͰѺͱˣϾطGвҪ죬һ˵þҪӿٶȸϡ
͹ԹԵĸһˣʢĸ첲Ķһչ˺ðꡣ
˶Цˡ
˲ĵͦࡣ
ȵ磬ѹű־ʱʢ͹ˣ˵үͳȥ档
Ͽͷ׷Ŷëѩɵü̫˰ɣ
ʢЦֻ˵үķԸ
˷ܵĸ¸ڱģһ㶼䣬ĿȺˡ
ȵ鷿СͿˡ
طG顣
ŤͷҪ·飬з˲ɡ
ȻطGһ죬סСè䣬˲
Ͷʱˡ
طG飬һһĸʵʵڰǰѵһСαطGŵͷԼһ
ꡣ飬ֵߵߵĴչֺǺǵ뿴ơ
طGбһۣΣү
֤񣡡
ߵߵȥ
طG޵̴ǣֳȥˣҪƣһǡ
žһƵĽȥˣŸһƲѣѵġ
طGţˣҲһҷϻ
һæûȥ
ͱˣǶǾͶС̫ȥʳԵ̣ͷ춯
İ
ĿȥͼһʩʩȻ߹泤룬ᡣ
Ϻ͵񣬻ü󰢸磿
͵ͷʣ˭ѽ
ūŴ죬󰢸硣
˵žǰʲôЦе棬ûһͰѺ͸ʸ׵
ڴʱطG˽
ССöƣŻƣյϵİƲתÿˡ
ȥƵݸʢ
Ѹ߸˵ȡöƣ˵ü䡣طG˴죬ֱӽūŴߡ;Լˡ
롣
ү롣
˷ֱطGŵȲ裬ţϽ̴󰢸ɣʵСã
ϽǧүˣΪүЧͣūŵĸ
˶֪ǼٵģĻŲġҹͶ״Ҳչ¶ԼĻᡣ
ҪȻֻˡ
˵ŻСöˣСӹԹطGϣúܴ̼˵еĴ쵽ıġ
һ·
Ͼʵ֤Ŵķ·߳ɹˡ
طG֣Ҳɣ㲻ٸ콲
ʱδȷǷҪգҪߵ·ɹ˿أϾʵ۴ﶦʢ̫Ӵλȹ̣ûʲôᡣ
˼ǣԽЩԽҪס˶ԴҪֵ㣬Ҫүǰ¶ҪԵֻܷ
Ȼ汸١
ҲҪʵչֳ
ҪԼǡµһˡһֻү˵۲һүĿΪĿꡣ
˼
ĥţδ󽫾ںղƵİҹͼԼͱǮ
ѾͻƵطGǰˡ
طGͷСЦ㵹ǻں˵
ȴ˵Ŀ
һֱԥ֪ʲô̬ȣĻǼᶨѡġ
;ͽ̵ˡŻһ֣ص
ͣ
˵δ·ôèŶ˸ʦԺǿӻ
ô׵ôġ
;ԼöƣͰ͵ıС죬ޡ
ҲЩѹıӿУһԵĺͣƵӷģ㾡ѧ
ͣ
Ҳ㾡ѧԻˮġ
˴һ£ɫˣųҹɫ뿪ֻʣ±ĺͣһ޹ĶطG
꣬һ££ǲǲżͼΪԼı
طGıʿҲãͣѵÿЦ˵䣺꼱ϱᣬҪȻȻһ٣졣
ͣ
գգɵ۾
Сײѽѽвѽ


6 
ٽ꣬ҪҪĥˣҪ˼Ĳ߻طGæĽŲմء
è¿ŽẔ̌Ϸιε棬Ŀ
طGʱͷźӣŵİ籰ͷǧ̵ĹӣǼðʪ£ʪʪϡ
һÿӣƼյģʱˬʢ䣬ʱ־
ͣQAQ
ʪĴ۾ίͰ͵ĿطGꡫ
طGһЩˡ
˫΢չȥʱ¶ǵľ׳󱳣ͷ͵ķ򣬵˵룬Ÿ¡
յĸʢȥ˲䣬˰ʱ־ա
ѽһԹ
յطG̯ţһ׵ŵѣϸĴţܾЩ죬Ƶϵʱ׹ϺͿӶһ
˯ɡطGסۣһ
ͰϵѣֻŶǶѩ׸źһĸ첲౵ģʱ˵Ĳˡ
ǱطGǿѹˡ
ϿеۣطGԹ˯ȥ档
һ֣͸˷ˣ˯š
ԿطGڰϣͼҪ˯м䣡Ҫǰ꣬ұǶǿˡ
طGüѹͣ˯
ŵĺͺܿ˯ˡ
зӵĳģģĿССüͷߺѽۣҧ
½ŤڲĴЦѪڵľ֣󺰣ҧҧ
¶Ƕǣҧҧ
ԼԼĳ𣬺ͽһţС˫ֱͷરવĵ
֣ԱԼͷˡ
ŸOO@@ȼ˵ƣǱůӳճطGѺͱڻĸ
걧Ͳ²Ŷ
˯
ҲˣС۵Ĵ󰢸磬۵ҲźȦ
ĸСɵ˯ˣ۵ĵҪ
طGѺͺ˯ˣְȦڻһ˯
ϱֵ£ȵڶͿʼ˵飬Ѻһյг̾ڰͷϸĲ鿴󣬷ûκ飬ɵüͷ
͵һܿ
˯ϴιʳԺӸСŮӣС̫ʯӡ
žСһ˯ٺ̳ԵģԱͳȥ棬ȥ鷿֡
жӡ
ÿڵг̣طGЦôˬͽ鷿һ¶ĸо
뵽Щૣ˶٣С̫వиšӨ͸飬ֱҽˡ
Ⱥ˯ѣɫѾؿڣȻʧܸУż̸ʱ򣬶ʱʲôˡ
㣬ͳԡ
ذصĳţ۾гһߡ
ͷ̽ʣʲôΣߺġ
͵Ű̧ͷ۾ʪĻᷢ⣬Цǵˡ
ͷͦѹģ˯ʲôˡ
úúãȵ̡ι
ȳˣ͸ϾµС¹Ƥѥӣźʵ磬ƯԼױ
ȥѽͺʡ
ȥ֡ЦŻء
Լһ˵ȥϿðСͷͣͷȻͷ⡣
ټһգҲóˡ
źĸⶣʷ˵С£Щϸź
ﳤȥ
ȵ¥ͼһ˷ĸ﷭Żӿ
ɩЦĻ
̧ȥͼļҵĻﱧŸ۵Ск
ӴǺͰɡЦ׵С٩ƳĶ׳ʿͷԵġ
Ͼ͸Цǫ˯˯˳ԣɲǾˡ
˵ţͼڼ߳һòɰСŶƵۣ֯Сװ۵ġ
ܵѽͻִк
϶ʱЦˣҪиġ
СʵʱȺʹĸ£ֻཱུͣĺ׳Сţһ
ÿѽգ۾ȥǣ֡
ıոֻһ̣ͦµģʹͷⰢ綼
˵磬Ͳò῵Խһʮ̣ݵĶжʮĸЩָʮС̡
ܱסӣѾǰһ
ܵܡϸϸĴк
ЦŹɿɰ
϶ʱĸʲôһסڵĿ䣺ƣ⺢Ӷġ
ͣ
զҲ
Ͼͺоס졣
ٷ
ϼ˾ЦҲϡ͵ɣסڵĿ䣺ҪǺкһ⣬Ҿˡ
͹ཱུգϵĻߺŴ
̧һֹۣɵһԡ
˺Ѽ䣬ʹһʼεĻӡ
Ϳ˿磬ʹչǣסС֣ͷͷ˵С
Ȼ仰󣬺;ʹס
־䣬ʲô֪ܸ˼
ʲôˣʡ
죬ЦģɵĶˣڶʫ
ḛ̀ѵмƣԵĳԵġ˵˸ˡ
Ļʼ
Ȼ˵˵ţ˵ÿҪһʱĴ֣ȱˣҪ𲹣ǿա
Ҳգûѧձʡ
ԵĳԵġѵǰơһӶʱ䣬һʱ̵ʲô
ѡѡĸˣͷСֻĿģͻ֪úԵģʱ˵Ĳˡ
ѡˣŴŴβָź͵ѣ۰Ͱ͵ĿԼ
ֿ
ЩﶼµĿǰûͬˣһϡĲˡ
ͰĺС֣ŰСͼ飺ͽкȥ棬̫̫ɽʱٽгʷͻعϣΣ
˵оݣĲסڵĿϻۣȻȴıոȥ
һǹζ࣬
յһ𣬾͹ˡ
Ҳ֪Ѵȿڣ´пһ棬̹ŶȥǺ«
ںһУͻһͷܣЦǰϣüˡ
ϿĺͶϷֿ׷ȥˡ
죬۾ҲǺ«
üȥӲãҳЩ
ʧĴԹԵıǣˣĿ뿪ķ
͡
Ǻ«϶ǲģɫҲѿҲתЦļۡ
Ǻ«ɿڣŵĹִ𣬺óԼˡ
һţԼţιţʣžţˮҲûԡ
µµǰ;Ǻ«ŴžͿﻳ˯ˡȻȥ󣬾ͼطGǰͣˣͰ̱
ͱˣԵɵɵİǺ«ݸطGԣóԡ˵꣬ĿطGͷ˯ˡ
ɫ˵Ǻ«طGƬ̣˿ԺСĵķڴϣֿСԡ
һš
ϤĶʱζʱһͼѣʶǽԶҪŹһٳԶٲ˳ԶⶼжģֱֽСʳǶϲǰġ
ԽǳԲԽǻᱻζĳԵʱ;ޱ𣬺궼ο㡣
û˵
ϲǺ«
طGһţֿһԵĸʾһųˡ
˵ԼԹˣȻԼүĿ⣬ʱЩߣɵĳԵ
𶯡ͳ
ûӦʱȸĴסգ֮һɵ㣬ȵĴһɨ
ˡطG̤뿪ˡ
ؿڣЩҪѪ̵գ˺ðΣ߳ȥ
Ⱥ˯ѣͷɫЩΪһ˯ڣԼ߳ȥͼѩˡ
˺üգϺĶǻѩĿһƬѩɫԳ־ס
èĴ˸Ƿһʱ˫ߴСȣɤӺꡫҶ
ūŶʱЦȥһ˵λҲհţȥá
ͶʱطGС첲Ȧס
ҸǺ«˵
áطGƶסཱུƨɵӣɫĿ
ôһǺ«أ̿Լֿ֣Լ֣һ
˯ǰյĿɽˡ
԰Ǻ«أطG治ɫ


7 
ϰŶ̰ɫƮżͣʵĲֳ͸ɫ͵Ĵлž㡣
͵ʱʲôǺ«ζסͷֵֶֶĺȡ
ѶԲˡ
㰮񣿡Цŵ٩
ͺڳģԹཱུСҵһʱͣġ
ŴԣطGбһۡ
ϱסЦˡ
ţͳ׵֧Ա˯ã˲Լܴţ
ܻݣԼöƣߴٵĿطGԡ
Ҫȥ档
طGر˹ʼҹأŵĿļȥĺͿЧʵ̫͡
㡣Сʹߡ
ȻԽԽ
طG꣬Ѿ̱ˡ
ϣŽŽŷ˵ſ
ĵﱳһ־
ŰţһĶڵĸطGݲڣ˫Ŀ޲ٴ䡣
һʩʩȻȥһԲ£ԣ䶼յ
ͰĵƸһԵʢţտʼú棬;ò
ŷ֣ҲǸ̡
طGһһҵǣͲϺú·ȵǧ
˷ܵĸ¸ֱ֡
󣬵޷СЩûһ۵ıǼͨ죬ȴ᲻÷֡
źӿҲ
ĺվ庮ת̡ߵ԰ӵʱطGפ㣬ͳдԵ
ֶӰ»дżֱ塣
ͰŰˮСӶǳԳԣӾ飺ܵʲôһС۷ϣǺȾҳ⸬Сա
ϴ˴֣òõ󣺡ǲе䣿
ź·ȻůڵģʱƬ̣ⱱһǵ䡣
С֣֣ģʱʲô˼ûˣطGסůů
˲С͸
СǰǵĶˡ
طGһû
żḶ̌ѶַֻҸ£ô며ѶסůͶãȥͤ
ŵװס
ҡ֣ûû£ūŻȥô멾ͺá
طGƳһۣȴź͵ָӣȦԼߴ˳ĵŮ˽СһţߴӵĴͷ
°ͣ˼Žż°ͼ⡣
ŵװס
߬Сֺ޲ϡ
طGȦŸϸ֫ƳԭرQĺͣü㶮ĵǶࡣ
ͺٺһЦһӿɽ̵ı飬Ű֣׻˵úãϱɶС
ͶƽﶡǶîî˴˶Էһ۵ģСè̲ȷԼܻܲʷϵİ꣬ϻһΪá
շֵʧȥʱ򣬾Ͳ̫ʹɡ
Ͳȷ롣
ֱģཿһŮӣôܲء
ֱס
¡
߽ͤӣոѾں̿裬ϰŸɫ㡢ˮȣ޵棬͵ʱ򱣳ůࡣ
һƨλϣڣЦü䣬һˬӡ
طGֱͦŲյһûһµţʹţͼ¹£˵ˣʡ
ĸСκ죬ȴŬװ򶨣Խҡҷˡ
һ£𨡣
ԵɵɵطGꡣ
˯˾ͳԣԱ˾˯
һּ
ҪͼطGôһȦ߰ɡ
˻ȥ˯
ʱ򣬺Ԫţˣ˻ľС̫ϣͷ󺹣˲Żȥϴѡ
è̳⸬㣬ҲϾĵģʣͶأ
С̫أ˵Ǳүȥδȥ֬ˡһûˣ͵۾˲ˡ
ūŸ磬ŵߣҪȥ̽գСľԼ˼ĵͣʱС˵ġ
߿ߡ˵
С̫಻ԣԺʱȵסô棬ֻҪΣ¾ͳɡ
ŴʱС̫ˡ
ͦԼԲСӣҪŷţŷС̫ңƫƫҲǲҺŪˣΪˡ
ڡ
֨ѽһƿˡ
ͼıմ̤˽Ϻ
ʲôʡ
˫ָѧŰĲһ̾ȵ۴ҵδе㰡
֮УվǶ·ϡ
غգɱ̾
طG
СӣһĴ۾üʣ˵ʲô
ͺΣеסԼСƨɣһ޹ĿԼҰꡣ
طG˳ǣסϵ⣬Ц͵͵
ʱҲ£ƲҲ̶ãΪ١˯ˣʹߣԷ˯ˣǶԷô۾š
͵ɳʵʮʰҲʱ˻㱨Ķ̬
ڿЦ
ճžͱ׽سиɹ󣬽ʵʵһٰӣһʱ䣬Ӿȶת
ۡ
ں͵ɳһԡ
񣿡طG˹ʡ
Ͳֵĵͷ
ԲԣطGԼĴơ
ƨɣͷװͰ͵
ԼСȣŬȦסطGʵϸ͵͵͵̧ͷ˲ԭء
ⲻǱո
طGˡ
ȥģ˷ܵĲˡ
˻ش
һ㶼⣬ڰ껳ŻƳϣŷҵȺĿ
طGˣ޵̴ǣü۶ͼ֡
үƤڴİӣڽֱ߳⽣һ߿ࡣ
ϲɫŲҴҵˣбŲģװ׵Żؼ¹ŮˣоǺ«һֵСгüΡΡˡ
óԡͳһ룬ԼԲĶӣĿطGԡ
طGƳһֽۣеһ롣
ͷģҸ˵ڻٳһͷţ
¶ǣͱסˣطG֣꣬Բ¡
طGĳ˵ܳһͷţ
һ޹
è̳Բһͷţ
طGûٶ˵룬һһڽ⽾ˡ
㵱۲ۣ
ۡ
۲ۣ
ۡ
㱳۲ۣ
ۡ
ںͼذʱطGʾֱӸȥˡ
ףͻȻһ
طĢطA˫üۣź밲
һӹ⣬ؿطA͸ˡѼ䣬ʹҴȥ
ıӰطGһ˼
ͱQһ걧걧̡
ȻطGľܾ
ڸҲͰˣڹԼ֪ͷʱˣ̫Ӣ
Ȼͷͼɫˮģ˲ŵСͿſ⣬һǳĽëգգ˺Ѿܾ
طGָһ£û
һʧ䣺ҵˡ
߹תǣͼǽǶģƻƵƤˮм͸Ѿ󵽶óˡ
꣬ǽǶ
طGƳһۣĲ𣿡
Ĵ۾ţҵû


8 
ֽͩŵǽǶЦ㣬СͣطG޳ָ⣬һãౡ
طGָ΢΢̤ǰߣºСȣĸںͷ
˻ظطGȥæˡ
ͱĸǣԺԵСԲԲѹ־һ飬ŽԼȥ档
ǽǶĴ۾ԹԵĿԼеǽǶԼ
һ㶼ûʳ
һͿĸһʣµĸͳԡ
˳ζģ
˻ͰѺѹԡϴøɾÿˣӽѡ
¾˯ˡ
ˣǷӵһȦһȦܲ͸磬һ޷Խǵնɵĺ
ꡭ
ֵںͷĵϷŪ
èŬǰȴһֶֻס
ꡭ
ڵϵķЦ
ҧұҧģȻѣѲһŵС§ڻḧٴΰߡ
磬լԺеİ磬ΪʲôΡجʹ飬ҹû˯š
ϵڶվȥѰطG˵ƣȥȥа
ոôаΪ̫ҽơطGſ˫ۣ˸´飬üͷ塣
ٳǰһԺķ̣ûչʲôĥôҹļ¡
һ˯µûŵؿڣĸߺ˵ﲻȴᣬܵۿġ
Ҫ̡ȭĲС
ȳԱ㣬ҹ˯ЩʹҲƮɢյܣĲˡ
üɫӣϴ̫ҽЩΪѣĲƻá
Ȼܻ伲ҽǴ̫ҽǰȥˡ
ͱŵʱ򣬾һֻסС̣ҲҶֻתӺĿš
̫ҽҡͷ
һĲյסѵһڵϡ
Ȧˢľͺˡ
̫ҽŵˣҵЩͣ󰢸ûûû¡
һںͷܿŵýմմ۽ǣֱͦؿǡ
ֻȥ˳Ŵźһ밲ȥſڳϣĿ·ϵˡ
ȵ˹ſڣ͸Լ߽ȥͿĹשߣź˼
ڹס𣿡ʡ
ϵͷڱҲסģǶһżܴšͷҲ࣬ڡ
ȻҪȥʣʹĵЩЩȴԾЦһƬӡ
Ȼ͹ҹЩٴζͷĹء
͹ԹԵͷ
ȵ͹Сڵ밲ͻ͸ȥ
ںתһȦˣɫҲãСۣպˣʢǣһ֪ڳš
ɫջߣĸľͷһţ˸տʼʰʱ˵䣬Ц˵
ü
޶˵һɷ꣬סļҵ̬ȣҲӲȥ
ͻֳһֹŹֵĲͷ
տʼļҵС۰Ͱ͵ĿС̷ˣֻɵšΪʲôϲ
һƬ׵ĳĬڳ룬ҹʣǳ˵Ľ
;ŵģֻСһеԲģﲻתĴ۾Ĵš
ڱĿû˵ĸߣϾ밲ʱһ̶ϣҲŹϵĺû࿴ᣬҲҪʱʾ
һۣͶϺ͵һ˲ļ¶Ƽ˶ʱģڻʹĻҲ峿¶һ峺񣬺Ŀ
ϸϸü⡣
ֵڹעŶüжʱһȴѿ
ﻹ£ϱȸˡõԸ⣬ڵϲҲ޷ԺͲС
ǿĿŵ
ԭЩˣĻðĿĸĻӻ֡
գգ۾ŵ¶һЦݣĺɰŵķͰһǽǶζã˵ֿ֪
ɰĳװֵС¶һֽͩ
ǰϲıУӹеĺɰӦǳԹǽǶģֹˮСġ
һģļַϡ
Թͼһ㣬ȴӲġ
ϵȦˣ̵ͣͷԼϣŵ˸żҴҵ뿪
ǽǶȴЩɬŴŷźͲҫ۵Цļ۽ǵһĨ졣
ѱ˽ⵥһĨΡ
ʶǰŵңŵĹһʹ;͵˱ո˭˲һطGТ˳Ȱ
Цӭˡ
ͺ޹ộǽǶԣϸžܡ
Ȼȴ⣬ſɰ壬ƴָ״ԼĳɹЦüɫ衣
ţʢˣ˵үŴ󰢸ȥ
УȥɡϸʹϻƤӣָ¯߷ߡ
ʢѺ;ͷڼͷŵߵߵߣôߵĸ߶ȣܿĶԶһЩ
ȵſڣطG
꣬ʢŸҾٸ߸ߣɺˣ˼
갢ˡ
갢ҽˣ߹߹·ˡ
갢𣿡
СȰȵ˵ͣطGüͷָסСͣ徻ˣ˿
ꡭգӴǷ
طGԱ۾
ŴƽڻĻֿʼ˵ûˣĲ𣿡
һ˵ţһطGＷĿۿ䣬۲۲ӣһ̾۽ëóŶ
Ӻͦ
á
طGưһɣ޿̣ұϡ
͹ԹԵı죬Сȴ֣ʼŰı档
طGһ޿
ڷ˼Լ̳ʲô
ȵԺſڣˢľͱˣһ˫Ѻ͸ˡ
۲񫣬һ̾Сë׵ëŶ
ط_
үǺӣЩѻ̸ˡ
طGƳһۡ
ط_һź;ߣһ߶߶۲档
һԵطK˼ط_ĸǰǾֻСκβ˶Էֻܶš
ط룬ȻԷȻЦţȴĽ
ԶԶ׺ںͷûͼطЦһĶţǰط_ļ磬ЦĸôƢ⡣
ط_ɫڣԽԽˡ
ĺС첲ȦԼʮ壬Ծĺÿᣬ˵ˣǽϲĲˡ
ط⻰ԭָ䣬ҲЩڣȴͣҲСĨһ𡣡
ط_ŴС̣˺ܶ࣬Σ̡̾
ʲôأʮ廹ǰ˶Щ̹̾˿ཱུСط_ϣԼûסЦˣʮ򡣡
ط_ȥ
ط뾲뿪ĵط
ͻȻЩסˡ
ط_ѣ´˵ʮͣһ£򣬲ү
õסڻء
ڴʱطGʩʩȻ׷ϣطһԣԱȡ
һϮɫɫ£ͷŰɫƣž͵͵Ӱֶɢơ
طһϮѩɫĳۣһȦɫıߣžּЦ۽üʢЦ⣬ž˾崺硣
ط_źЦĺѡ
طGֻվһ԰۽Ƕûһۡ
طKɫ̤ǰط_ӹʾ׽ȴط_ˡ
û£Ҳۡ˵
ʮЦûϱ϶ۡ
ͲߣڣҪ𣿡
Ψ²ҵƣʵط_ϲݺݵת˸ȦŴЦʮ磬ѽ
ô񣬶ʱʮ˸ǺڹҲǺߵˣ̫Ҳ£ܹί
ʮĻﱧ̣϶ܶ֡
ñ
Ҳ˳ƣʮ壡ܣ
С˵ġ
ط_ЦѺͷԼͷվʮߣ֮ĶԹ˵ҹ
ʮľϲССط_޷֮Щ곤ˣǿŴһ
ڣ˳롣
ͱط_ͷСЦĸ¸죬ཱུСһһĴ󺰣ӣ
ʮŭֵҪˡ
ط_ž֣ػƣʮ𣿡
ʮһӣŭ£۲ΪСһʶ
Ȼ
ɫ۱紵ķһֻƴط_ͷĺ޶ˡ
˲ʧ̵ط_
ЦʮҽһȾܡ
̧طGӡ
Ҫǰˡ


9 
ʮ壡ͱź
ط_ͷҲأǵʧ˸ǰ
ΨһĿɽȥ˲ɣЦ̵ģϸϸָطG޳ָŰСЦѽ
طGɫؿ
طǰסͣڻſʮɰ̣۸
ʮ
˵һֱֻ
ŭѰط_ȥˡ˴ǳе£˼öһ
ط_꽥ʮκβ˼˴ܣʱְһա
仰˵һԸһԸ
ط뻳Ĵ˵еİζ͵պ㡣ЦüἫˡ
İ§ڻҲĻŬĸһơ
ڰ廳۾̾Ķŵİ˰磬ܿ˸£Ȼˢӡ
ϲˢӡ
ԹԵĴţŴ˵ӣ˵սߣ˵ӣӴĵʢƣƶıĵʮơ
ͣ
֪ʶ˺¡
ţϾڳûһʡ͵ĵơ
طʣСţƲ˵㻹ʲô
ůãظһǳɫĹߣŰطK˼βһĿڣƲ
Ӷӡ
طҡͷʧЦָͷϵСЦŵأ
ġ
طGԣü۶ڵ֡޴־
ǽ޳ĴŷԲյ˹ĺ˿ڲ裬Ż䣺Ըµһˡˡ
طGָ΢˵߱㿴ʵ󣬾ͼһһȦ
һоڲС
طɫЦĸ羹п԰ġ
طGͷ
ط뽫ŽɵطG룬˵ٰʽѾüˡ
ϷȻҪȫס
ͱط뱧壬ιԵģԵӹĹĵģĵĲˡ
ȵڶյʱЦˡ
ͱӱ޶װС¹Ƥףͱŷϡ
ͣ
û˯ѣԺĿطGͼһˬװǰơ
꣬ſϣͰ͵
طGȵׯ˵
ͷˮķ綵ͷ˲תſطGϣŬҪȡЩ¶ȡ
طGޣҪµˣ̳̣Ŵԡ
Ƚׯӣһ޿
ӶĹУ;ԼܿһӣһͷţҲ⡣
ǰš
߼Сľͷһ̲ˣ࣬һͷ
հڳѾûʲôˡ
ϣСĺȣʲôϧӡ
طG΢࣬ǲɤӣ̲еĴδһ˵ζͷӲģûʲôζںͷ²ȥ
ɺͳЩûһԵˡ
Σʡ
طGԭȱ໰ʲôղףڰռңܳôķѾС֮ҲԺˡ
ȻͽãЩС
ĵ׷ɻ󣬺СʳǳԸҲ໨ͷܳԿࡣ
ͳԵĺ棬ûס
ԼСӲǵһ㷹ա
طGЩԲ£Իһʣó𣿡
Ŀóԣ
ǰ˵һ룬üǰôˡ
طGǺܸȤţ
ǰûóԡ˵
طGȵһڲ࣬ɲǣǰֻ̺ȡ
ţɫѾͱԼƵСطGһּ䣬һԡ
طGҪԼµһ˵ͷʵˡ
ּѩ߼˵ĽһǳһţֻʱҪС̡
ûһطGȵĲУѵͷİӣ¶ıѾʪ͸ˣϣ¶ʵļ
౵ĺҲȣ۵С˵ģǼźˮ˫ģó˷ܵĲˡ
طGʪ¡
쵽䴦¶Сۡ
Ϲͼ򢴦۵ĺΣɵۼˣһýãһԹҲèأʱĶ׺Ľϸš
ĻƾƣñͰȵġ
ϿͣͼСֶĥˣ˻ûĹߣطGڿҿҵڿԽѩѡ
ѩʱʱͻڿӵףҪطGЦС
ȵ̲衣۵ĺ
յܹϵΡΡĿ̲裬һ߶ֵֶֶĺȣһ߰ȰȰȵĽԵĲͷ
ϼĹ⿪ϵ磬¶ͷװüһ㡣
ںߣǰͷҺ̸š
طGĿΣ΢ƿסף΢΢ͷ׷ſˡ
ЩŶұˡ
˾һЪţͺá
ʲѽȥˮɡ
طG˵ûʲô飬ĿΣҪҸԵĵط
ɵӣɫģָŲԶСһϲ
˵һҲ£չǣطGһץס
ҵһֻкܶڵţطGн˷֮ɫ
ȵڲŻȥ۵ĸ붯ſţ۵ĹǺˡطGڻ
ͣ
ſطGϥͷź˵С౵ҲҪ
Ҳ۵ġ
طGƳһۣ
ЩҪطGˣˣԼ
̣
Ͱ͵ſڰϥͷԼ²Ǽġ
ȻԺͱӶȥˣǣȥϴ
ϴˣ˳ҪҶūˣˣͱһӺóԵġ
һ۾Ƽ
ԵĶԲԲͣɵİСʣ£Ŷæ걧ȥ˯
ȻſҲͦСһ죬ûס˯ˡ
طG˰ȥſһԵϣϴ꣬޵ģڴǰ顣
СŮϸ޲ͷϵˮ顣
طGӹĿðЪˡ
΢̵ĴϸĲϸܵѹȸУü˳۵һˡ
طGһ½ᱧЦүۡ
ߣƻҪ̡
˹Ѳ߮Լء


10 
ѩˡ
ĿһƬذף֦Ϲһ⣬ʹůڵıת˲ȥ
СƨɣԼñӹϣֻ¶ͷŹӵĶѽ𡣡
ҲЩۣѩȷʵ䣬ڱҲүǰˣҪΡ
ͱ˳һȵӾ͸ϣŹŮĸѣһߺ˵̺ȡ
Ҫ롣Сָĸｲ
ЦԼϵ⣬һ롣
;øˣ۾Ц͵ͺȵСſڶϣá
Ⱥ̣;֪ˡ
ͼ׵ĶŽ߷һߣǰһţϺ־ů˵ĻҪȫꡣ
ͣQAQ
ŴĿŶᶨɫ˲׹һӲˡ
ǰ˺ܶ࣬εڻͨһͳɣĲȵſʼѾͨˣùСƬ̣ͱ޶顣
ͱ޿
ཱུﻳһͼ
ǳĽëգգգϵȥ
طGͼſڶһ׺СӣԲƨɵӣڶѩˡ
ԶԶĿ;Ǻ͡
ȻĽЩСӾצĳ˹һ߱һĺ꣡꣡ˣ
ǹ˷ܾԶԶĶ
طGÿ廨ӣ̽ͷͼϹŴЦݣ̵Ŀ
꣡
ĺ
طGɫЩѹʣ䲻䣿
ͱͷĺͮͮģҲģͲˣ
طG
ͼͱסȣཱུСٺЦܱ𣿡
طGĺɫĺϣŰСӹ磬һ̧ͷͶƵϡ
ʲô
ƺӡ
ڶŻһ߼粢Ժȥ
ѩ
ϵձ紵һΣҲŻ˻Σ˲нʵı۰ڻ
ԽˣǶЩΪáͳԵ
ţүġء
ȻԺÿӾܸܵůһԵСŮϽǰ˽磬ˮϴʰַͣ裬һæ
ڴĿš
ڴֵŻڣŴ廨⣬ִ۵⣬ú۾ˡ
Ŵܳ׷΢ĿڸУźͣͣ˹˹
طGųڣӣǿųԣǵĺͣɫ˼֡
⡣
ŲյһžúЩ
ϼүԵĿ֣ĬĬ£ŹٳһΡ
ͷѩҲܳȥ棬˾бķ飬м䣬ԼǶǣƽ̹СӣʵĸϸıȶԹĵſڶϡ
Ķ̰ˡ
طG¶ЦſžЩ˯ţƣӸ
̣ûסЦ
ֲ
˯ɵ̣Ͱ͵۾߬С֣޹ĿԼ
Цְ壺˯˯ɡ
ˡ˵һ۾ֱˡ
طGֵӣ
ѩֻܴϣ޲ԼС֣סźá
ȥ档ſڴǰͷ⿴ͼëѩ׷ɣ̹ǵĺˡ
ѣҪ꣬Сӹȥϥǣ޿ͷҪѹһȦƤӡ
Ȳˣʹȥ
ЩĺãӶɷģպ˵ģžɫá
۽üҶЦ⡣
աһ޴ţQϣҪСŲҪŪҾߣһʱҲæɡ
˺üգѾˣ̱ڴϣŴʣѩӿѰ
ڸյĹͷˡ
źѩѩˣһQطG֣ҪԶ⽣Ҫҵĵ֣Ҫԡ
˵꣬ͱطGס죬˹˵ӲԵĲ١
ѣʯ񣬻ԡ
Ƶ죬̾С첻ˣཱུСб۾꣺Զԣ᳤̻ġ
طGʩʩȻǰߣĿһƬذףһϮɫĳۣ֥¸߽档
ͷС߬ȭͷСȣԿŬĽŲ
ԶԶʮİط_ЦӴ߻Ű
̣
˵˻
ȻطGõĿʣʲô
죬Ӧڱǡ
ط_ЦСүŭ鷿ȥ
һֱܿģǵط̫˵ʲô鲼⣬һ档
˰˼죬˵ʲôĳͣ
ط_ĲУԼ䱸ͦõģĶ˵һʱܲˡ֮ⲻ˵ˡһȴ֪ȥġ
ĸ縮Ͱ˸縮ţȥҰ˸磬ŲȴԼ뷨ıո
ڹķĸǷ
ŲȵصģףСүˣţ
ӣһۣʢţʮˣ
Ҳˡ
ԡ
طGü𣺡ˣҳһףʲôԣϸһٲǡ
˵žͽʢȥһõǡ
һԵС̫Ͻкţ䣬ϵӣҲ˫ӵ¡
Ͼƣط_ԼҪ
طGһͷϣ
ط_ƲС̫þ¾ƣȦͺˣʲô磡Ҳ˵ʲôƱԱ
һӵί
ָ̣Ͻץһѹӡ۰Ͱ͵Ŀط_˵һ㡣
ط_˵ˣžƱֹ˼ڡ
طGۿš
͵ǾòԣȰȱȣϸͷۡ
ط_һֱû˵ȾƣȾƳ⣬ݺݵĿطGη޷޲ƽֻǸľͷ
ͷˣȴû
ˡ
طGȦͨͨģίĸ󹷹һβ죬Ͱ㣬ͷ
ů
ԣ۲ޡ


11 
áط_涵̧ᰲ󣬺пɽһֱ׳ĺ
ʵίĽ
ĹӶˣһ£Ӧ̺ĺ壺޲ޣʮˡ
طGط_໣ۣԽ˵Խһָ㽭ɽӳⷽٵģ
Ϣס
ط_ȴܣƵʱطGһĶ˵һϲеûдĴֵĲæ
ίôô
ֱ˴ҹ
ͶסԹϵĿ֣С̫౳Żȥ˯ˣͽɫڵطGԳе
ȵڶա
ͷ۵ط_ѾˣûƬһжǵá
Ťĸ黨һŸ󱧱˶ѿˣ߳ŭ˦ߡ
룬ȻǱˣյȻȥδ
طGûȥˡ
ͻЩСطG䣬Ͱ͵̧塣
طG죬ֱӶԺȥ̤ȥϳɫڣݱҡ
ط̽Եһط_˵ʲôСൣЩطGһŻˡ
öෳ
һҹδ˯طG̬ױˣɱ񣬷ɱѹŭ˭˳ۡ
Ϳֵһ죬ûиùΣáر
ո¸ֱֵ
ž̲סЦǹųЦݣֽæԼġ
ǧͼգųĽëڶϣĲ䡣
ˣмС̫һȥСǧ档
ڻ԰ͷ֧ǧȿˡ
ЦŶ
˲ˣŷཱུСͣڶ˼ڣĿ䣺ֱ߻绪
һЦü䣬ɰˡ
ϱĸβ§һ꣬ʱ࣬ͽūһȥ
ϣһʢһʵ˵ֵģأĵóʡ
Цſ伸䣬˵ˣʱϡϾԡ
ͣ§Ц⺢Ӷɶ£һ㶼ˡ
ҲÿݰףѩɰС۷۰װ׵ģһĴ۾̵ͦСӡ
䣬ŴŴ˵лл
ֺѼ䣬ˣ˵ԼҪȥ£Լ档
طGʱ򣬾ͼһϼЦ˵ɩġ
ñ͵ѡ
طGڵ
εĵͷ
ͰŰˣڵĸ˲赹ˮϸ׵Сֶ̺Ҳϧ
ˮˮ
طGбһ˿ת˲ŵЦ⣬˵ɣʲô£
Ҳûʲô£밢ˡΪΪԼСǵޡ

ǳɣѾžűһ¡
ɶӣ
Ǿžų˷Ц
ʱҲϹˡ
ͣQAQ
Һˮˮ磬Ҳض𱨡
ȣŭĸɵһŴ񣬳ԵСԲԲ
طGƳһۣЦԱˣȥɡ
װ
ԼС̸첲ס䣬ҡͷ
طG˹ÿ֣˵ȥȻү㡣
ô֣ȻҪ顣
ͣQAQ
ĸ˱ȥˡ
Ǿžű϶Ļᡣ
ϽĺطGһۣЦΣ㶺ʲôʱԱ͸˯ˣﱳ¡
̣Ա˵ȻҪƤ
طGͷү֪
ȳˣϣеķ飬Եɵɵĺ߹һͷԽſڰţĺߣ˯ѽ
طGƨɺ˯
һԿţ̲סȦĸһߴӢ๫ѩɰĺӣá
¡̾СطGź򢣬
طGס۾ʼ飺ޣҡɽӡţɣܷ
ڲĶУٴλ˯
ɽԽ˭ʧ·֮ˣƼˮ֮꣬͡
̳˯ˡ
èһţڰϣ˰ĵζǶЦ
طGü۵ʹɫĶ˰ΣŽ¡ſԼ飬ġ򡷣ÿÿµᡣ
ԣ廨ԽԽЩꡣ
̧
ͼҡҷǰ޳ָӳճᣬ˳ŲɫϣۣͲʱĺᡣ
ЩƲֿۣ򷽲ű׹ĺ硣ǽŵıǳȵĹ¶ȡ
ÿôͳŵЦ⡣
ˢĺҧ´˵ţӰ
ҧųС
ˡ
ǷŤյľ޿ڣɪţž޿£Ҫȴסֻԭرҧ
ۣҧҧ
͵ĿãĿǰطGŬĳһ΢Цѽ
¡
˸Сɷףһ̵ĻеĳˮȥŻؿڣطGСİοûûŶ겻²¡
طG§˶ȦԼԼ罫˯ɡ
ɫǽҽΪá
ȵڶպˣ̽ε£ȴһ֪˵µˣǵá
ζǼٵģ׼ԹԲ¡
塣
Ͳĵͷ̶ֵֶֶĺȣĲˡԼȥžűԵĺܡ
ССһţڵϵʱͷƨɵһ
СĢ
Ͽ˿ûסýСƨɡ
ͻķ˸ͷ
ԽѩʱЩ£̧ͼһ飬쿴ؿ羰ǲ
˸Ͻ
ǡڴʱطGˣǼѩüͷ˶
ͣ
ò


12 
СĢ̱鷿ȥˣҽţһϣ˵ͦãƽעŻͳɡ
ϾҲйأԷʱ˯ǰѵӣθƢ
ҽ²źӲجεطGɫ
߿ĵҽطG˼һ£ǰѺڻѯʣү
ڰůڵĻأ£
ϲꡣ
ʲôµĶ𣿡طGѭѭա
ûԣ͹ཱུСطGڣԼСƤͼΪԼıԳԵ㶫𣿡
ϸطGĴ۾ᣬĵһү
Ψһĵӡ
Ͷʱ۽üҶŷЦ⣬Сȭͷ߸߾𣺡Ѽ
طG΢
һȥطGūŰСʷſڣúţԼæ
ĭⶫ򵥣֡
طGӣ޳ָ룬ֱͦ򼦵ҺҲм
һΡطG˶֣ÿе٣ֶ˶֡
õĭ㣬ϴлá
ʱѾζˡ
Ѿס̽ͷǰŰ½ʿˮѽ
طGóۻƵı棬˲Լˣĭڼϣżζ
԰ɡطGһᡣ
ڴӣһĭ˵ˣȥڵԣۻƵıЩڷļ
Сüͷӵ˲
ǰһƬ⣬ǷС
ŬѹסǹȵĿڸУĻܸоǹζ
ܡ
Ͻ£ŵĿطGóء
˵һڡ
Եˡ
طGɫЩԣҲӳһڣ֪վΪҸ̫ࡣ
ˡ˵
ϸ׵İʵѳˡ
ҡͷһһڵĳԵʹߵɫ糣
óԣЦſ䡣
ϧԼʳ
طGܲζźͷȥȥ档
Ͷʱ˷ǣطG֣ģ߿ߡ
տżͼֱϵ˵Ǵ󸣽Щڸϡ
طGһתˣʱ˵ˣû͵ѡ
ǣź
ſڳϣЦչĹģתģȥѽ
طG˵Ŀ
֡˵
ͶʱſڰϣжҲ
ɡ
ԭûŴ֣ʵˡţһӹ棬ȻҪ뱸ǡ
ȵֵʱ򣬺Ѿŵζʱ˷ܵĲˡ
ѽѽҵĸζ
طG
˵ʲô
ڿԶԶһ߹طGɫ˳װûп
ģ
طGתˣ밲ֱá
дǣαطAסطG밲
УһµطGֱͦм־ӵɢζڡ
ȱ߻СӣûȸߣɵĿǰˮССӣ
ֳȳδȻǴİͼ³طAЦĿ䡣
طGü۵ͳɣϴ硣ƼֱˣҪ˵ûʲôȻǲŵġ
طA֪֪ͣ棬һ˵ʲôϲ㶮£СΪտʲôΪ£Ѱǡ
;ϵĺӣһ档
ûмǴֱ̫ӵĥʯԼҰ׷̫ӵĽŲŷͳ
Щϸ˼԰Ĳԣ̫ҪڹؼϰԼժĲǳɹġ
һ˽µһˡ
ĺţ
֪겻ܴӦʶһֱƴڻǺ汦һⲻϣطA޷ڡ
طGüۼһ˿Ц⣬ɫӲΪãŰѺͱסСͣüѵ⣺˵
һ̯˵ˡ
ԶԶгӹطAüͷһ壬߽˼ıոϵˣ˵棬ˡ
طG˼Ŀ̤ȥıӰ缱ˣǺ˵ʲô̫ʲô
үͣ
߽ˣÿһϲĻ
ͶʱҲ˵˫ĿŶ
èŬ˫ͦСţԺҽﰢˣ
һ˫Сͷ̶ʱЦ۾
طGҲ̴ǣüͣ˸һȥ
ɩ˲ܺ͸ᣬ˵Ǵϱģ˺ô󹦷һȸЩڵ
طGͷš
ҪǲյĻƸˣʱڳԼͷС뷨ǰûж
ܴ
ĺ˫ʪġ
ϿۣûססȰڣ̵ɰ
ͺٺһЦҲԼÿ
طGƳһۣϣԿ䡣
⻰Ͳֻ۵СŶһĿ䣺͸۸ӻһСӣС죬̵ͦСӡ
ֱϿüɫ裬Ρ
һ׺ݵĵŰꡣ
طG
ģ޷
ʲôҶ
˳߿ͼһཡë׵СƨĶ̶̵Сë޳ԲཱུϣЩֲȺβ͡
֣СβͣСƨɾ뿴ʲôСɰ
һֻ̱
Ҳ̫ɰ˰ȡ
һ̾
طGͬеĵͷǺԲཱུСƨɣ֫Сڹһƴ϶Ҳɰˡ
ţɰ
طGüһ䣬ûסЦ
꼻һֵЦ⣬ɢ˵ƣ˲˶ֳһ񵭵͡
Цÿͱȥ֣۰Ͱ͵Цһ
죬Цһ
طGšü⡣
⻰ţЩϵģǴžϲ̼̫˵椣үЦһ
طGɫڳ
죬ϸү㣡
ϻһѣССĸ״ңغġ
ŸۣƯ۴ϼֽĵףطGššüͷû취
죬ЦһϺͺֱֱĶطG


13 
ȻĿ졣
طG̤ŷѩ̤ȥ
᲻ϱҲ᲻̣ȻֻԼš
ֹ̲˵Сܵ˼˺
طGĥѲ̬ȣСԽܣ
˵׼
Ŵ뵽ҹһţ˯ҲĳطGںӱߣˮԼĵӰ
ˮѩӰˮģգǴ΢΢ǽӲıֱ
ΪʣϲŭԺһϵӣĵһ仰ȴֱֱ˵ȥ
ԺͲЦˡ
Ҳͦá
˱˲֪˱Ҳ֪
ڻʹû˺⡣
СȵĺͣɫӸѱ棬һԵЦü䣬ᡣ
طGüۣź͹𴽽ǡ
Цˣ
Цÿ
壬ֻСڵһѩɾıQſɿɰ
طGſ˫ۣҸѣһ½𣬷Լϣ²£
ٸߵ㡫Ѽ͸˵ĸ¸ֱ֡
ϸߣСֻ֣Ͱ͵ҪǵĶطGȳš
طG̴ǡ
֣ѩЩȴֵĲ񻰣ζŰĶ󵨿󣺡ҪԶѼ
طGɫڳȴһ㶼£ĸϺһ
࣡
ڰϣŤŤŤŤĲˡ
ȵĵططGŰ˴Ļ֧˹ӣϯĽصҰ
طGǣź͵֣ȥѼӣǽһ˲ãȻˣǺƾƣŰ۵СĺСϱ㣬˭Ѽˣֻԡ
СϱСĻŭţ˼֣ƼǿûС
лл㣬á͹ԹԻָ
СϱЦĻ֦Ҳֱֱ͵£Ǽ˳Ž䱸ĿطGѹ˵ʲôˣƢҲ̫ˡ
طG
һ仰û˵
ô˵ɫӺڳСϱϵĽ£һҿĸͻ֡
ѼǼңһСǰ˵Ϳ粽߳˵ѼӣæЦǰкүôԣҪ͸ֻѼӣҪǳʹֻѼӡ
С겢ˣһ˷ܵ
ҪϵġطGء
Ҹ׽ʵģֻôֻɣֻžͺóԡ
С˵ŻĴš
ͺĸСƨɿץѼӣմЩīˮЦʣڶ𣿡
԰үϻۡСЦŴֺǺǵ壬ҾԼڼ֣ƽﲻձʣŪϣЦˡ
ѧʱϰ֮ЦЦҲͷ߶߶Ļء
Ѽӣ¸¡
ͣ¸¡
꣺¸¡
طGֶؿźϸѩü䣬¸ˡŷཱུѼӣ̤ѩʩʩȻĻ֡
͵СȣѼӣײײĳϡ
ѼӺèһλơ
ľսϽֻסһߵʲôô죿
ĻͼطG붯ֱָ뼦ζһţ
áطGֱ߱á
˵һһ߱žűɡ
ͣ
ⲻ̫ʰɡ
һһһȷŻ񣬶ģҪŴн
Ӻֶˡ
طG𵶵ţʾЩ
ͣQAQ
òһè̡
ڱϳϻ̳Ͽ֣ѼֺòˣŴ󰢸簮ԣոĴ
վû֧ĹߣŽżȥŵϣľսܾһСģҪȥ
ĸ磡
ĸĸ磡
Ļͷи˲ͣıģͼ¶ԼͷطG
ʮ壡Ͷʱ
ӵӣ˽ط_Ļϲ˫ʮҺѽ벻̣
طGҲſ
ط_Ϣת͵ʱȴˣҸ˵úõȥ񡣡
үºӶһԼظºڡ
ۣҲ̫˰ɡͼĲˣط_ݹĵ޲Ϳ
طG
źʮĻ۶ǳݵСʱˡ
ոȰԼҪᣬסԼһϢѩҪЩ
ʮ壬ĶöŶҳҪǺһͺˡۡ
طGȥ
˭Դ˵ıղԴס
Ͷû˵
ס
ʮʲô£
û¾Ͳˣ
š
ط_ʱŭ죬˵ĿطG̲סˣ͵ģ˭㡣
Ҹģͷḧί
طGķӦʧίЩӿѹ¡
Ĳеһ˿ˮ⣬ȦסԹԵԼ̶̵С첲ŬȦסѧϺӣط_ģﻹţ岻޲ޡ
ط_
ͷһʲôûˡ
طGƳһۣѹ佾˼Ķѧȥˣ
ط_ƳһۣźŶȣЦȲĸ纭񡣡
ӣ϶Щġ
طGƳһкűһ
ཡװ׵֭Ѽζڶڲס
˶ʱٰ죬ǿůðݵĹӡһԳõСţ˿˹ע
ͶʱȲסˣ۰Ͱ͵ĿطGȣ
طG׼
üͷŬ¶һ׺׵ı飬Ϊཱུ̫СҲװͰ͵Ҫȣ
ҲСطGЩ˵С
ͣ
˭ˣҶףٴظղŵĶ
һӻط_ˣ͡
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ȵݸһ鳤ţЦ˵Ѽϣ㣬Żûζ
ͰӣҲ⡣
һ㶼Сţ౵С̶Բ𣬰ԵĺñǸ
ҪԵˣӦҺòѽ


14 
ءһҧ£Ųʲ壬ⴼڵ۾
Ե̣طG΢Ҳ볢¶⣬ζ
ط_ǰСӳӵʱ򣬼ȵסҲãԼ˴εԡ
̡
ֶǰڶãԵĲֺ
ͺٺЦֿһţԼԲСӣ̱طGС𣺡óԡ
ط_ͬĵͷ
طGšüͷ˷ݵСŹӣط_һ˸ˣ߸üëһӣ֪ǹġ
ϿſչҲЩ£ǵĿط_һֹ
շѩХĻ̿ʢط_Ա˲طGҲ£ֻϵʱЩ顣
ɩҸֻźȡһԵطGСĸԡ
Ͷʱѩһ˫һڴĿ
Ҳ̳ԡ
ͷ֧Ʊŵװס
ִཱུĴ㱻ĺܸɾ̿Ͼܿ
ط_ĽĴ㣬Ħȭٴһٵĸо
ƤζζúҲȲסˡ
鶯Сӣ㰡
طGüͣһԵط_ǲ֪ͣѾʼϸܵСӣδѡ
ͻСŴɰཱུСһ·Ͳġ
طGſûסָסϵ⣬һڡ
ͣ
QAQ
ÿɰȻҪè̡
ط_ʱץסѱӴСүƴ˵үȻᱧ̿˼ཱུСɡ
طGƳһۣ¡
ʱط_ͷڵĹգȻĿҪ꣡
ȿˣͰ޳СʢˣһͣһϣûС
͵İẹ̀ԼСǰιԡ
ط_
ɺࡣ
طGİѺͱڻһһιųԡ̾
ϽбһۣҪҲ㣿
ط_
ϵ⡣
طG˹صͷúιԡ
ط_ԵĶԲԲһʱˣ͸ˣھͺܷĸ˷˻ǡ
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Ϊ˵ĵ鶼ȥˣطG
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طGɫ뿪ıӰ˼
Ա㣬̾ЩߺطGﹰ౵갢˯Ҫ¡
ࡣطGϱѩϢĻΪһ壬̵Ķȴ
ͳö𣺡ʯԹ۲׺
ˮ壣ɽš
Ǻã
͵͵жţͻûѬܲٵġ۲׺۾Ѱܹȥˡ
ҪֽӣطGҡͷˣһµµĻرո
·ϷѩХȼ̿裬ůڵǴһ㡣
˯ˣƣüͷطGһţ΢΢׵Ĵ
еֺֺܰף񱻷ſӣҵĻУһֱоſҧƴʯ£ƴһţȴԾɶ㲻
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ΣǼٵġ
طGҲߣһֱҲʧֵ˼ĸš
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Ĺ򣬺ˣؿڣطG۾ЦԺľ;ŷཱུС
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СҲġ
طGϸ۲ɫŷȥæˡ
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СС
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ȵ˲֪ǰ˸ϣһ֣Ͷʱˣ˸϶
ȵ¥ʱ򣬾ͼͣһЩ·ζڣǻƯ
죬дָ̽˳ɻⱦףĵָϸۣĴľſϡ
ų¶һŰƴܽ棬ӣ죬ɫȴż
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ֻܻزס
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ֻһ꣬ȴһѺӡ
ϡ
ͷſˣþ͸߸˵ţõĻû͸ˣܼµġ
۾ϲסڵĿ䣬ûסѺ§Լ۰Ͱ͵Ŀϣɩ̸ұȥѹɣҪôɰ̣ôҲԸˡ
ֱӾܾԣأܲס
Ҳ᲻á
ЩӶ§ڻģȻ仳˯š
˭֪
ȴ֪֪˰սʤԼΪĶ·׵ʲôʶڹĻҪƯߣ
ϣ
һˣ̸Ưˣ


15 
ǣŹϵ֣Сر˵ſɰĻ
ˣҴźͻȥҲȻذɣĥţȻɩǾͲˡ
ϣ
µı飬ϱ̾·
ӻӡͻС֣ıŹϵĲ
ȣǿŤĹ𡣡СĲźཱུСϸ嵯Ĵ֡
ϣ
£ͷˣͼҪ̣Ҫ
ǧ֣ͷڶģȥ̸ȡˢϳһĴߴٳߡ
ϣ
ܵӵġ
ŴǵĲˡ
ȴ֣ܿɻһ࣬һֱиӣǰ绹Ǹ񶼳ɣһֱûп͸ˡ
Ҫ㡣
ѩɰСͯһڻƸ⡣
Ȼصո󣬹ϾͿʼæŽгʼģһĶ˵Ҫõġ
ǧ֡ɳꡢһӣгЩĪҵ̡
Ľܣǣź͵֣ʶʲô飬˵־;žűһĿϻۣ
ѺͿü䣬˵Ĳˡ
˵ţͷ밲ŴǹЦط˽ȥɩˣô죬ϸˡ
ͺĿǰģЦ崺磬ŸʱЦĸᡣ
طһ߽һСůϣСȣԼｾصĸŵģСĵιԡ
ط룺
ڼҵ̣ôˡ
밲͸밲򸣽𰲡
طЦҪ𣬾һۣһˣʲôڡ
ط졣
ܶཾȻֲͬĸ磬衣
ڣ֪ˡ
Աʮֲͬ
ȥˡ
ʼٸ߳ǧ̵֣Сġ
үͼΪԼı
ϿһȦֽƤذǰƣԡ
Ӻóԣһһ͸ıƤĶڶˡطһӣ鼫á
ˣŮ˵ʲôС粻ذӣˡ
ͰŹϣ౵Ưã̳Աˡ
СǶǡ
Ŭÿ£¶װ۵СƤ
ϱȵߵСԱѽ
ŰѵطǰƣЦŵү˰ɣԵĵ档
ط磬ʲôܽӻԲΣԲˡ
ֽƤذǺͲԵģԸˣԵĵŸȻ󻹽ſֽƤذӱˡ
Ŀ̡
ſţ;ԼЩҪȥԷ
áеɰ
཰۵Сˮǻ˵һĴ۾˵ѽѽ
طˣתȥϣͼԷЦļۣźͿ۾գһµġ
Ѻͱˣʡ
ϰź͵Сֿ֣̾С¿ɰ˼ˡ
౧ͣͲ̣ƽԸǡ
һͣϲĲˡ
طһӣš
˵˵ˡ
ǣŹϵ֣౵ͲιƯ̳ԡ
Ӧýطͼ
ͰŰСŹ޵ӣСԴҡɲ˹ģỰ
üһˣ֪㳤ˡ
˵ָֻͣߣԷ
ط룺
Ůˣףµĺܡ
󣬺;ԼŵԣŹѧιţСС֣ŬſӣƯ̳ԷСŮġ
ط룺
˵
ȴĸˣЦĻ֦Ҳ᲻ð̸ıոȥ
ôɰ̣Ҫߡ
Ȼ˻ϲ˳ˣҪ˲ˡ
⴫еıطGϺأմͷֱӻԺ̣˲ˡ
ôһ̡
ˡ
ž˵ȥ˸Էһϲˣ˵걧ߡ
ܾطGϺֱð
̡
ġ
Ҿܾˡɫӣ˵ҪƯߡ
ίͰ͵̧ҲƯ𣿡
طGĦ̺Ĵ꣬Ϻж˴룺Ư
Զ˺ԺĿտܶࡣ
һطGܲˣߣȥ˱ո
ϱһ˵ҲȲסˡ
ߡ
·ʧ񣬵ûкڸǰܵĿһ
ң֪ϻ᲻جΡ
˸յǰŷ˵үˣ˵ڸϣˡ
طGɫһ
ŷͨһڵϡ
ȥ˵
ŷѹϽȥͨ
Ƭ̹һԲСӵߵߵܹܵļСñӶˣһַñӣһճСȭͷСͨ졣
͵һ˲䣬ϵͶˡ
طGҲ滺ܶࡣ
Žط룬ɫ˵ܺ¡
طӣ뵽Լ˺ӡ
ĸӡӲĻһ䣬ЦŰӭţýȥһ
ŽϵĹһ˼ҷˣʱЩʧ䣬֪סˡ
ȻİѺһҪߡ
ۿ΢죬Ķʲô˸ϽҲ㣬ȥ棬ʲôūȥ
طG۱źͣࡣطҲźͣӿᣬСͦġ
Ư̻ӻӡ
ӻӡ
͹ԹԵĻС첲౵ĸ
һߣϾͿˡ
𣿡
طײϵʣ𣿡
ۿʪˣ᲻̣ôôôɰ
ڸһطGؼҺҲ̵ĸܣȴطGĲӣ̺밢ģԷ룬룬Ե룬˯ʱҲ롣
ðŷѩȥˣطGɫ
ȻСģıϢԱߣطGɫ˵Ļȴ˼¶ȣҲ롣
ͶʱĻŭţֱԼС첲غҰ
ˣطGʡ
ǹζ
ˡĵٹһʱҾͽһʱˣ
طGЦſ


16 
ﺬǣգųĽëŴĿŰ꣬طGڣͼ¸
ѩ;ȴůů
طG첻ǡ
ͣQAQ
طGһ˲䲻ˡ
Сװ˯Ҳû·ë̲סǵˮ
װ˯ˣûȫװ
װװţ;ڰůĻ˯ˡ֪ʱѩͣˣؼһƬذ׾ס
طG۱źͣ罫Ȧڻϲѩӡ
ཱུ̺ܳǳķطGɫֻסһûעʱ򣬴ǣסС֣ͳϸЩ
š
ˣнӡţڷѩΨһ
ȻԺطGѺͷڴϣС˵ģƣ
Ҫˡ
･ӡȺȻͣһӰ֣üĿɫڻҰĻһ˵ĳƿеĺڡ
С̵ͣġ
˯ˡ
˯ѺٱԼСƨɣĺ갢갢갢ѽѽѽ
ž
һưСƨˡ
ͳдԵ
˰١۾Цİޡ
طGָҴҴӣüͣ˯
죬ֲָڵ
̽СŽţ͵͵ıѣطGˣָȥԼ˯
Ҫ˯԰ãֱϵıͲ꣬С°ͣȥϰ࣬
طGƳһۣ̤ˡ
ߵſڵʱͼɼ佫ͱڻĸͷͷ˯Сˡ
̴ǡ
ͼ˫ĶֺǺǵﰲ
Ͱ
ϴͷСŮ˵ǰ˱ոˣ˺Щ
ǵġǹʮɫ⻹һӵС˵Ǹ󰢸ģȹ͡
˾仰ĸȽæ԰Ѻ͵˱ոҲ
˵˾֮·˽֪
ҡͷʧЦһ̲С̣ͷϵСñӾʣ죬ˡ
ͱհһ˲
Լǿ͵ͺȵСڹͻȻûҲûɡ
òһè̡
ҪҪס䡣
Ҫǧˡ֪Ҫװߴ˵
Ͷ˶䣬յڶǰһһĿʼ
طGֵͼдʣӯƣţιд顣
طG
۸鼮ʱüһǽǵСĢԲĹĵƨɵžһơ
ͣ
ĴطGܳȾܣĲҽУҪˡ
ϣ
һϽƣͼطGŭĿӣԼƨɵһ䱸ĿطG
ˣϽǰ
طĢ̧򢣺Լ˵
ãȻ
ϿʢϽأ˵ү󰢸ˡŴ޵üʢ˱ŭ
Ȧˡ
طGʱˣָû
ҲϽǰŶȣĺ壺Թԣ޲Ŷ̲۵ġ
һԵʢЩ֣㹪ŵĶɤӡ
һͼһƥư֪Ǹģʱüһա
үĺһۡ
طGתתϵķ飬ĵȥѡ
תסطGȣŰƴС۰Ͱ͵Ŀţأ
ء
طGͷ
ѽ
ţ
ҪҪ
;Сͣ¶һЦҾ֪еģϲҡ
طGôֱźȥˡ
ŶˡС¸֡
ɵ̱ӽѩѡ
žߴѩһʱЩ£޵ѩͨıǼ⣬ԹԵĿŰꡣ
ͷ
طGӡ
š
ȡطGɤӣ忡ϸֳ˿˿֪룬ɢı֮
ĿŴڣȥ棡
Ͳƽ϶ѩ֮ˡ
طGһѩűڻʩʩȻȥ
δͼͷſһ꣬ϣ̽
Ŀԡ
˭ü˭Ρ
ط_ϴŲõЦˡ
طGһʱֲǲߴˣͷһϤľɫ
طGü
ˡط_ֵϵѩ
Ѻ;Լϣ£ˣ
طG˿
ӳȥ
Ȼ
߰ɡǰ·
ط_ϻźӡȻýˣ
˻鷿ó뼦˿棬ϯ
ط_źһ꣬ůڵģҲѪɫˣųź͵СŻСһһһܳԺü
ꡫͽԭأȵĿꡣ
Щӵĳһ˲䷭ӿĽЯµҪ룬ȴֽŽֱҲˡ
طGһϽѺ§ڻ²£ûŶ
ط_
һ£ЩΣССʣôˣ
Ƕѡ
ЩӺţجΡطGط_֪վǣϽ͡
ƽȦģοط_˵Լû¡
ط_ƵŲˡ
зƽְѺסⲻȥܼˡ
طGһۣļ磬ѵ᣺£š
Сүûš˵һ䣬һ̾졣
ȥӣطGûˣƨɣЦȥΧıոһȦٻ
ط_
ĨһȥܣĿۡ
˼񣬽佾ꡣ
Ĭѩڽ£ѩ׵ɫѹۣܶ໰˵κһ˵
Ϊǻȳȴ²ۡ
ʮ壬һһ𡣡
͵ط_˫һһůġ
һ˲䣬Цϡ
ͼ
ֻƹͷ̵ľ峵üɫḷ́С¸֣ơƳѼҧƨɣ
ط_Ĵƹɫ䡣
Сģ


17 
ط_ͷ񱼡
ЦˣСȴſֲЧ
ʮȵҡ
ط_ŲôƹҧƨɣһǸĸεġ
һȦ꣬ʪ͸վıոǰſЦСųȴ볤ôࡣ
ѽ⣬۾ĺʹСѧģԺγɾҳͻ

ƹ
ط_ɫһ䣬Ťͷʹܽڵİ˱ո
¸ָӴƣתʧȥĿ꣬ʱһ£ź˵СѰ٣ȴҲݳʮ塣
յĻԺԶͿʼ갢ҰʮŪˡ
طG߽ǰӵˣȥɡ
ͣ
ˡ
Ҫź갵Ƶɤˡ
ͣ
զģ
קקӣžžһˡ
һʢӣϽǰСڸǺͲڵţ겻һؼң
֨ѽſˡ
۰Ͱ͵Ķš
£ű̺ǣͣһЦŵͷ䣬ɡ
طG𵶵ţ˹غȲ衣
ͺɵĿֿĸ
ýմմǣ˳ס
ȻԽʲôԽ˿ʲôè񼫺ã˲ƼĴˣ۵С۲ѽ
ϺˮģĺطGһۣǳЦŵۡ
Ͷſһ
ǧıˣһͳ
յܵͷ䱸Ŀɫİ꣬ˡ
СӵȻҪ氡ΪʲôҪ顣
֪ʲô
طG˳ǣͼƣٱᣬүһٶ졣
⻰ĺ۾ɵԲ
ǿµһ졣
ཱུգѽĻˣҪ˯
¶Īı顣
ϴڴϣ룬Ҫܰǧıͺˡ
С
ī˿Ⱦʫ޸򡭡
άͣʥ
ССһţԹԵڼǰֱͦı顣Ͷһ
˯Ѻڴϣһ졣
ʴθ롭
ıˡ
·౵԰ڣһᱳǧˣ
ѧ䣬ͻᱳˣϻǼ䣬ɵЦˣıֲЬ࣬ŷһԵϣȻ㣬Űɡ
ֹȣȫõı
°ͣôģˡ
ź󣬺;Ҫȥ԰ܵܣϸˣŰС̣˳Ժ˯޶£αȥ߶š
ûΪĶ˼Һ뷨
͹ԹԵӦ£Լȥˣȱ꣬;ļˣææµµڼѰأ౦Ҫ¹ҪзҪȥ
طͷܹܹǶǶǺƨɵӱסˡ
ǰ͹̵Сġ
ˣҸС˯ˣԼ䣬ĸСӣصʵʵ
æ꣬ЦŻͷԼ̴кȻûЦߵСŮԷҲ֪
ЩǸϽȥҡ
ūţ˰ΣӰûУŷҲ˵ûƼȥ
϶ʱĻżˡ
˰ΣȴûҼ˶ǵˣӡ
ûض
Ͼͺͺ͡ƽһܵǰСټ
ȥ԰ңȥүһ
طG̤ͼκңʧ룬طGһµ
ҰѺŪˡ
طGдȴļ򣬵ȥϴүѰ
򶨵Сʲôūţ˵ڷ䵹񣬶ʱס
ȥӡ˵
ȻҡͷŴҹˡ
б־ƣܵҪ
طGѵϵ磬ϣѩζҲЯ
ūŽŷӣԼȥԺĽ䷭ʱԳӴĽ
طGҲˣҲ𽥽ǰֳüĺĳ
룬ĳ⣬ָΡ
Ȼ
߽ŵٽʱ򣬾ͿһСӣ¹
͸ɫ̺Ϊһ壬ϸǺö
ҵˡȻһ
ϸϽͼͱƵͷ󺹣˯Сˣˡ
ŵһжˣһЩڵϣطG۽һ죬§ڻ
û¡ο
˯ļ
طGһۣ߿һߵү
ȴҡͷȥֵæŸ£ûֻԼ˯¹񣬶
طGͲ˵ˡ
Ⱥ˯ѣɫѾĺ۾ﱧѽ
һ˫Ĵְ˽ʵš
ͱ۾ָЩ̫ԡ
ꣿ౵Ļ
šطGһʣû
¶һЦݣطGĲǰ걧
طG۱ʩʩȻĳңūŸϴʣ
Ĵ˸Ƿ˯Ļͦˬ
㣬Ͼ˯ţһӾ˯ˣ˯ţڴϱˡ
갢轣
ﵯã
˫ֱֲ׳Ҫ
طGףٲ˯ү㡣
ѽѽ;ԼСƨɣûˣͲ֪ƴжʹ
طG
󰤴ˣûôҪ
߸ߵ̧֣ź峺ȴȥЦүۡ
˭֪
ңɤӺ
ɷŸ߸ߵĻ׾͹ˣüģ˵˭ҺӣҾ͸ӡ
ˣʮʡ
ͼ̲ƨȻ첲
ûĴ򣬲֪԰ָˡ
Ͽü
һѱͣЦŵүԽˡ
˵žͽСŮƴ̫ʦΣһӹ
ϾӸµĿطGԼ˯ɡ
طG
үɨسˡ
ͣ
ů̺İأ
˶һۣЩĸо


18 
խխ̫ʦΣز˺͵
ſڰ껳ϸϸĸ첲ȦطG౵Һͬʹࡣ
طGжһ˲ŻȻᱻϳ˯̫ʦΣΪ̸״
⡣
̫ʦһɣͻȻúú棬˷ܵ밢һɡ
ûסЦˣ˪ĵĺĻƬ̹
طGһۣζɨһȦ
è˯ˡ
ཱུգǹһĨ΢Ц
ڴǰ˯գװ׵С˵ģſɰˡ
طGһԿ
ǵͷĽߡ
һǽ޳ָĴ꣬ϲ̧дĵͳЪɡ
Ǻܺõļڡ
ﷴѩãǶ峿á
Ϊ𴲡
䣬ůڵıӿӿȥԼëë棬ֻ¶ԲԴ
ͣˡϹ
˯ҪգĴ۾
ϻûͳһƣӱһء
ĿѲ߮ͼصİ꣬ʱ缦С̫ϴ
һᱳǧŶСԴ
ϱͷͷ죬̫ɹСƨˣ㻹𡣡
΢룬Ŵ̤ȥүֵȥˡΪΨһĴˣطG糯ȥֵæĲˡ
ڵĻ֣ӻӡ
ټϡ
طGź컹Ҫ䣬èһ㶼£Сȥ׶һ̺ûڼ㸣档
ѳġ
ϿطG֪ԣȻȴȲڰԵĵϵ̡
СӶҪİɡ
롣
Ժ棬ͼͷ˼С̫࣬˵үټŹͷơ
ϿͣЩ£ڶ࣬ͷﱲôУٴ١
ͳôδ
ҵϽͻϾµСѣŽһС̫ࡣ
·ϵʱڷĸ͢ǣǻڻʹҲŹء
͹ԹԵͷ
ӹ¥ž벻ȴת˲СȥǵĲˡ
¶ǵı顣
Ҫж
԰ľ϶ЩžӨ͸ı⣬űһζͷ
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ͼףʮİط_صСϣ绪ģȥԶ
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ͼС̣ѩ׵ĺã洩ŶɫСѩɰ۾һ㶼ˣʪĹһĿˡ
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һһ۵󣬻ط_밲
߸ǰĿü۱ģЩϡܿͰһ޵ߡ
ݳƤӣ
٣ģʶ
ǵơ
Ӻۣغͻ귨޼
룬ôðЦ϶˶
޽ǰϵ
ͰŰ۵Сյľܵǰкɽѩɵζżˡ
귨Ŵڡ
Цʣɶˣ
ڹ˰ʶ£ͱʾԼӦãཱུͦСظأ־ǧĺ;žű˵ñӹˡ
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ڵµط_һģԼöԺͻ˽⣬⺢ӸɶɶУԷһųڿУοħǰá
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ʼ䣬ϲˡ
һתʣǰŹҧʮ壿
ط_Ƥһ
˵ͻȻ˵ԭš
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С̾ŷཱུ͡
Цˡ
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գһݡ
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šϵ
̵ЦŴŴʣɶ
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𣿳ԡ
ζ϶˰ɡ
üͷһҸҪģŻͦϡ
ɣ⳴⡣ء
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סСȭͷЦŵôԣ
ͱ§ڻﻹЩߣЦǺܿ죬Цĺϲ£졣
ǰŸɫǹġˮȣԼϲģȻ극
СһʱЦļۡ
ûʣ幬ɣ
ͷͷ귨
Ѱˡ
ǰû
طGһرոԺȥƽС¸ųӭ̣ȴټ
߽ԺﻹżСŶͿġ
ȻԺӶұˣȴû̵Ӱ
룬ֵƤȥ˰ɡ
ȴҲڡ
룬Ӧһȥˡ
ȻܿƼͷ߻һʧǵãȻ
ˣһݡ
յ˵ʲô̱괫빬˵ţǲлˡ
ǷܵõۣطGϲ
Ȼϰ§˯ȴǣûجˣ˭§ĺ塣
Ժʧ˺͵ʧȥеɫʡ
ɰͰ͵˻طG͵תȦȴϰ˸һֱӽȥߡ
طGɫࡣ
£ϵİѩüšһ
е㣬ˡ
طG޵ʹԻȥ飬õ˶ûӦʵھģĺͣҲ
վһ͸ͣʹ
ӦûжɣطGȷ롣


19 
δյذĺͺ֣ܿڸ幬ˮĿɰֹԣÿҲ¶Ц⡣
Ͼ˯޵Ĳ䡣Цŵ
ѾЩˣ۾ˮˮ⣬ĵͷԹԵŹһš
QAQ
ڴϵʱ;ᣬ밢ˡ
ͻ귨ͰŰС˫ɵּɾĳ
װԲԲŴһŴ޺Ĵڡ
ĵײдˣ룬̫Ҳʱȴϡ
ɣɡ
Ͷʱ¶΢ЦԼСӹԹԵһţŵˡ
Щ꣬йˣһ˿ȥصţ۾˯
͵͵ĿһۣҲ˯ˡ
ҹʱ򣬿ΰѼ䣬ֻ˸ůůСָл
§˯ˡ
ڶһ˯Сӱǽʽ
СİñӹסԼһŹźƼ˻һϽүūŰС籧ߣ
˵Żȴû
Ц˯ô㣬ʲôǵжã
ſ˫СŮźϴһЦŵ˸ĽһЩɣ鷿顣
ŹһЦǺǵĹά䡣
˯еĺͰСͣ˯Ŀˡ
˯ѣɫȻȥϳˣñӹԼֻ¶۾ĺͣɵЦˡ
ˣᡣ
Ҫ̡ͺС
ǿܾûģĿС̫̣ͦԲİ׶ƤֵֶֶİԴ̡
ôɰһȭܿһްɡ
롣
Լţϳȥ͡
ͶһȦװ׵գϵ⣬ԹԵͷ
ȿˣͱС֣ڸ幬ææµµѰأҲϾүϲϻ˯ʱزʲô
幬ͱո֮𣬹ưͬͺĴһȦԹԵڴǰ顣
˿̣ޱꡣ
ִʣֽддһƬ棬ȿæͼֱͦĶ

дš
ʶ֣
ʶ
ſɵ񣬺һ˫ֽŵݸֻһۣ׹
дˣûȫд
ͳ
װİ꣬Ǹæˣ֪ụ̂ˣһţԽԽ㣬ûסԵˣ˴Ƿһٲ
ͷཱུСźϣ˵
ҪֽһƬ룬ˣ̲סЦ֪ˣ
ǸԥƬûԵšûд󼹹ǵĳһĽƣͷĨһۣġ
Ƭ̣ˡ
ЦȥŸȥᣬŻһ⣬һ֣ͱҪڹһա
ŹӹһֱۣӳĬˡ
С²Ҫڹסˡ
һֶ
ЩʲݵСͼܲ³һ
ճ幬ţͼıմ̤߹Ͻǰ밲үģֻȥͨ
طG߽幬ͼǰűʣԲԲСЩʲô
һݡ
밲򸣽𰲡

ģֿСӣŹ̧̧򢡣
뱴үСдšŹϡ
طGζ£Ͱ죬ʱСΪ׵¡
طGչš
һ£ҪڣЦ˵Ǵһ֣ͱҪ졣
ڵطGʱˡ
װİ꣬Ǹæˡͳöڴ
ɫʢ׹ǣ߸ߵ̧С°ͣԺͦţ̵꿴Ŷ
ϸһ£ûд©ĵطɵú棺ôģ
طGһġ
ҲôţԲܿᡣ

Դ󣬾͸ĺ«һѵÿڣȻ˵۵Ļˡ
׿СӣС̿ɰˣѲ
һ˵ҲˣʱСȣյֱ˽طG̺ѽ

Լ˿ǰԧĸ̺֮仭Ǻ
㡭Ҫǽذɡ
ͼ֒Сȣյֳûɲסһסˡ
ٺ٣갢꣬ð귨ˡ˵
طG
߽ϵϢ
һ㣬ź΢⣬ЦҪˡ
֪ʲô˼ˡ
ûͽӴ֮ǰ֪ʲôģҲϡĲУ͸⣬ֲǰϰ˸Ѻͱˣĺĸ׷ְ̱ߡ
ڣġ
ǻʵ۵Ŀ֮һ
ͣؼˡطGǣһɫĳ۳ĵ纣ڿǰȴԵмɬĲ԰ס
һʱ䣬ֻʣ°ĺڵźͻش
ؼһ¡
Ǹѵľȷʵ밢꣬Ҳˡ
˱
ǰһ
ǰҹдȥˡ
ͣҲء
ɵùЦ
һֱһѣ֣ټ˰꣬ҡ
ˣ¡
طGЩίЩãȻһһ湴գΪС裬дĸƽֱЩʵˡ
飬Ц
١׽ʥּȥ١Ҵɡ
طGݣӦǡ
ת뿪ֿ˹ԹڿԵĺһۣﲻ⣬ԭȶ⶯ˣΪ˵ҪֲԸˡ
طGżԥЦѣЦʣģл˵
Ҳ
һǲдһһ¡
ͣ
Ҳԥϵ˲ŲĿڣ꣬Ҫһ£㻹ͷţҷŰɣͷ
طG㵣˦ȥ


20 
ЦϺ͵СԴЦ귨ţͷ
͵СˣһͷëŶͷףţҲզ죿
ٴЦཱུСǰ۵ĵɫȾۣá
е᲻ˡ
ҲӳлϥµĿ֡
ȥɣҪæˡ
˵ŻūŸ౸Щ࣬ʡĶֶ֣ЩС
ĺͣͷ
ʹŻͷñյߣȥԼſڵĴӣͼ˺һʱ
Կİѱ̳̫᲻è̲ͷһȥֱӰѱĵĺһ顣
óഩ죬һЦ
¶Ц귨
һͶڵطС棬ͻȻ˵;ȥȻ幬װˡ
˵ûע⡣
ûǴĻ峯ĲʢУҪһҶĿˣò֪䷽
Ǻ֪
귨͵ߵߵܻȥϵ⣬ſڿϣ˵
ͮͮС֣ŵˮıʲôס͵֣Цʡ
˵
ʱЦЦе޿̵Ĳͦ顣
ı鱻ߣͶʱˣС귨䲻䰡
üС̰żӣѲ˲ɡ
⣿
ǡ
ĸΣô
͸ϽڵǲǱͣữᡣ
ϣԲСǶǣЦʲô
ͿϵĲյ귨۲۲죿
һãȻ
Ϊºڵʲôûˣ
յιˮ
ҡСԴıСͣһƽ˵һ𾪵Ϣ㿴Բǲ𣿡
Ȼ֧ӣֱͦϵɫյϸϸĴš
ǵġ
úúãƴЦ
ݺݵ͵С㵹ǹǧˣ
ǻ귨ԼգСЦԹԵڿ귨
ĹЦʹٹĽź͵˵ȥô
һµˣƮˡ
ʵû뵽Ȼ˵û˵ѵʱ򲻾ã˵ѺඥĳС
͵ԺģԴǷǷֵ뷨귨Ա룬ʿˮŰ̼ϸֹɶϣķõ±ȻóԼˡ

һ룬ȷʵܺóԣֿĸоǶճԱ롣
ԣˡĴţЦһȰΣ˲á
ͿСĿȴ˿ЭĿ˵ӲҲ޼
ݵˡ
ԣûȥ顣Цᡣ
ͰСͻȻ˰ͻ귨ⰢģҲġ
귨ɫģǴЦģģҲġ
Ϳǰɫյûʲôͬ
ͰСЦģ۽üҶɾϢ
ǿϲĴڡ
ḧ۵ָкüˡ
Ĵ˸Ƿ˵Լ˯ȥ̫ʱڻ˯
ô
УЩ
̣ʡ
ȴܡ
ˣ׶ӸϲЩ
˯ˡ
ˡ
ڵẹ̀ȴôҲѲ;޿ڣżȥæȴһδεĴ塣
һֻССƴèһ
ᣬ衢Ĭһ𣬿ں͵Ŀĵܡ
ǰӰЩŴͣͼХʹҡͷ
𣬱ҧ
һţСҰס
ӣˣĻ
ɫ죬۾㱵Ŀ
جˣʡ
ͷؿڣﻹЩۡ
û£߳جΡյ
ģ˸̺ȡ
ͷ̶ֵֶֶĺȣֻſëʣֽһͨдһ
Ƿɵʱ򣬿ԸЩСϣΪϤС
ʹճָʣʲô
һ𾪣۾ɵԲüë߸ߵⶼ֪
һɵָţ귨Ŷ

Եܴһ
޸ͼõģ޵Ȼϵãܻ
ŶһСְĿĸ첲౵Ҷвĵѧϰͳˡ

Ĭ
ֺǺǵĿʼָСһЦŵ귨Ŷѧôࡣ
һĻͷ˵ǰȫͽ̵ĺá
ΪԼõǸӣȻŷǸ밲ӣĬƬ̣ǰӺȥ
յСһ£жѰ٣ͼҳʵ۸ĵ㡣
ͺŸ裬СȣŮڻһһιѸɣôڵӣ;ʺȥ鷿顣
ȻͲҲġ
硪
ͣ귨д֡

ͣQAQ
ΪʲôŰ·ء
ҶҪд֣ڶĻжãαԼ
һ̾ˡ
֣д֣ƣȴִʵƷǳ׼дһ
㰢̹д֣ͷϾʱддͳɣɲд˵־úЦΪ˲ؼҵ̡
û̹
û
ϸĴִʵ֣ȷʵܱ׼
ˣ
û
͹ԹԻشǰһ˫˫Цŵ٩˵ϱӻء
õСЦģǺˣ
Ͳϵ⣬ĵͷ
ȷʵǡ
ҪȻôǵẹ̀һĵҪ⣬弼ܼǵġ
ͱͷ
ʧķ£è̵ʱֶ̱ס˻ǸСֱס
òһè̡
ҵǣڻһһĽд֡
תתͻȻ
ˮơ
˵ʮ尮д֣Ҫ


21 
˼ķʽǼһ档Ͳϵ⣬һĿڡ
׵ط_ջѴȥ棬С̫٣˵ү롣
ֹʲô£ȵ˲̸֪Ŀѡ˵Ҳ޷ڸһʵǾ
ط_࣬ط_˵
ʼٸգźһ˵Ĵ۾ŴĿ
ط_ı飬ûסЦĵҲǺ͵һƬˡ
ط_ⰮҪҪڿǰҷ
ȴˣһ࿴ᣬֻʮ尡
ط_ЦЦĿǽ޳Ὺڣ˵ĶԣʮҲ㣬Թǿ˱ݣһͳɡ
ͣ
QAQ
ԩԩ౨ʱˣʵһԿ֡
ãƴЦ
˿һ֣ЪЪˣһǽ
ͣСүȻȥѰ㣬ѡỹǰ᣿ط_ѹ
ѡֱӾܾ
ط_ЦһᣬȻٲˡ
ͣһͳ𣺡
ͲСȣߵߵȥѰ귨һ귨ˡ
̫ˡ
ڿŵģһԵСŮι̺ȣСˡ
ǰط_ŵĵζ⸬ζֻһһ۵
ӵĺòҡ
Ѿ̲סСˡ
͸ܵķŭڿſӣ귨ʮΪ㣿
ط_
һһؾˣôſɾӡ
ط_Ҫñ飬ɵЦ౵С귨
èˡ
ʵ㣬ҪȻۡ
ǺǰһԹ˺ͺüۣƫƫڿǰֻҲҶ
ͳԡ
ط_Թ˳ķŭ
ڹڲ˺ͣͳȥծ쾭塣
ıӰõĴЦò˵ط_Ϊʰ磬񸻹ʱģΪó裬⣬гԱʱ
ôһĽ̵ֱ½дĻ٣Ц־ǧĶˣӹɻ᣿
ͣ
ŤСƨɾҪ·
Сèܲࡣ
̿סСȣְЦеͿ̡
ͣ
ⲻʡίͰͣĿڡ
Ц̯ӹ档
һһĿʼ̣Сӱһǳɵ飬飬ͺ˶һ
ϲָо
͸Сһһ̵ģŶžЩãȻ
˽ءʱ뵽ˡ˽ءǰһֳԼиü͵Ůӣ飬ʯ£һһĽ顣
ʲôţָš
ⳡͷСͿˣԭҲİ
ͯЦˣͨ飬ֽС̫һЦŵ˲Ÿ̺ȡ
͹Сˡ
ĺܿ죬ǰһֻͼסˡ
ǰãɹůġè̵ľһһĿʼ㡣
õ˯Ļᡣ
ôŹ
ſ˯ˣһཱུСкʯ£ҡͷԵĶ顣
ãһʵĹΡ
èĺˡ𳤣
һŵС˻Ҫȥ̽ȴһεϡ
Ҫ㱳˯
ЩߵѩζĻ꣬νԶȥٴ˯
̴ǣ
˯ѣʹһЦ˯ˣ
뵽вǱᣬҪ̣۾һգװ˯
˯ˣʡ
͹ԹԵͷŵĴ۾µµת
Цдŵʹ׽Ūѽû˳ˣ
ء
;˾Сͣװ˯ѹ֮ǻװô񣬻귨Ĳô졣
ü
ĴЦ
ˣ˾ԡ뿪
˼һ룬ٶһǶĲء
Ŵͷ㷽μʲôˣ
СЦĸ¸֡
μС޽ءͶʱˣ⣬ظ
ԲɵЦˡ
ôζ
ȻŹ̺ȡ
Ⱥ͡
еϲˣ˺֮Ե֣ȷʵ
ͶʱֺǺǵľͺСҪ׿һ귨Ҳ̫˰ȡ
̫ˡ
Цͷ
˵Цţͷͨ˵ı
СֿͦӰʱطGʱ䣬ǰࡣ
һǲġ
ŴЦЦЮյĿ֡
ź͹˹ָ
;͹ԹԵǰཱུһİС
طGͼͳԵ͹ĹģڿеĽϦ֪Ϧ
һûйܡ
򴽡
ɫӵ
ϲⲻѹסû취ӡ
̰ó𣿡Цʡ
͵ͷСͶв
ۡ
طGѡ񲻿
˹ֽ˲죬ʣʲô£
طG
ʲô£С̸ûؼҶѡ
̣ûˡ
롣
طGŴžǿ
˿̾˿ͷ˵㰢ȥɣ㰢겻ġ
ͷǴˣҪѧŶ
ͻȻЩ᲻ˣ۾ʢǵĺͣ档
պգкóԵ귨־ͺСطG
طGۼֿýס죬ñ͸մˡ
һ㶼⣬Ž˲䣬طGͷĸ˵

ͣQAQ
ŤƨɵӾҪﱼſһӣͰ͵С̺귨Һ᲻ѽһڹúóԷú˯ŶҪģ˭ûҪġ
طGһקס죬Сڹһˡ
ſ۾ʪˣ᣺귨
һˡ
ͣ
СͱŰ꣺߿ߡ


22 
ʱڣǳɫҲûʲô¶ȣ΢д̹Ǻ紫
ͺ䣬ССŶطGϣֻ¶һ˫۾ɵĿ
ģǸնա
ڻ̤ʵ
طGϲָо΢üɫἫˣڹпɺã
͹ɵͷ
Сʲôܰݣټϻ귨ز¶ײ¶ԼϿһжá
ίԼˣֻҪڴ˴ţ˵ϲ
طGĶ˶
ʩʩȻĳ˹
ѩϡͷϣǵİס
ȻرոͼŶſڣ˻ϽӻݳӣЦŵůůһ·ˡɡ
˵ˡ
ͼͱطGڵʵʵﻹС͵ů¯С˵ģһտĺܺá
гֵЩΣûзүûпҲûкԣտĺϸ
ϴطGӹͣƽùضƱҲڻ¡
ˡȰ౵ںס
طGע⵽֬δʩޱߴһ鷢ԵἫˡ
ѩԽԽ
˼һɡ£طGһ죬ӾڻС
һƬס
ֻеЦЦ̫ͻɸ¸
ǰ㰢ȥ㣬ôûأġ
Ϊ귨û˵ûء
طGʱۻˣҲǣôСĺӣֲӣĪүǰҪԹɫ
ίˡ
ʲôСϡ
ɫ˼Σ°͵񣿡
طG
ϣ
ǲ
꣬˵Եġ۰Ͱ͵Ŀ
طGüģɫ𽥱ȡһ˦ˡ
͹˹գͰ͵ؿԼһϲأ
˵Ҳԡ
ġ
è̵ʳͳ˲һȷʵŵ
˶ͬ⣬յĴͷҪܳͺˣʱһ
ڻǸ౵롣
Ȼ
ŵʱطGʩʩȻ߽ͣһԵĸϣԣЦûڻͦء
ͻڲܳı޷԰ΣŵһϤζ
Ҫġ
طGû˵Ρ
ԼĪǽϵĳģζ˲ЩжԭȴɻҪϡ
ȻԽԽȵİꡣ
ţһЦūŲסȰοʮүʹʹѽ
ط_̤߽ͳԵչĹĸСһͿԡ
΢Ƶ񣬿žͺܺóԡ
һȥˣģе֣ٳһڡ
ͣ
QAQ
衣
ط_ŵİȫڵԼǰڴڵĳԵˡ
һڹ֣㡣
ͣQAQ
۰Ͱ͵ʣʮ壬ó𣿡
С̰ʿˮ
ط_ϵ̣ں̵꣬óԺúȡ
ñ
̹
ǰЩڸ幬ǿӵĲᣬССոϢˣϣҪᡣ
طGƳ̹ˣ
ط_о̧žܣֺǺǵ£Ѱĸ硣
·
طGźȦСӣСԴʣôʮģ
һ޹
طG֪֮϶˵ʲôǲء
ڰɡ˵
ԼС룬ͿտҲĵӣһϸСⶼʮԵˡ
ֱ̡
ĿϣͰ͵ϻҪ
طGһˣʾϽԡ
ʧȥ񣬳ʲôˡʮԶ֪һĻڴèһ˺
طGƳһۣʳ
һУͶʱ
Կ²ΣſطGϥͷﶼðѽ
ȥڡ
طGͷȥˣæ̫ȨʢҪܶ࣬඼ͷϡ
Ȼ˵ıȲ˶࣬в¾Ǻõġʲô¶ܴȡ飬˽źá
ˣոͿһ
ȥʺ֣ûڣʵڿвڵСҲܸ
ꡣ
è˫ֱСٲʮȰͷ죬ëѩĵͷ
ţƼһʯ¿˰ΣܾЩ죬ݰܵʯѩоӨ͸ı
ܺÿ
߹ȥʱͻȻһʯгֹһཱུСӣҡͷԵڱ顣
üᣬǳĽ
ֲ
һãȻʯ¿˰ΣϹѰЦŵȥ껹±QҪժʯ񣬺ͼȥ
½̹ұӹ𣿡ʡ
ҡͷûС
Ц
ʣʱԵģ
ĸأ˵ǿʮˡ룬͵͵űӿޣ˵ˣԺôһʯطGȥϣһ
ʮ궼ôˣʮô𣿡
ͳԷԣ
͹ԹԵͷ峺˫оΣŵʱһ룬ԺͦԲСӣҪ߸ߡ
Ա˾ͦġ
ŬĶԶ΢Цĵ˯ȥˡ
ˡ
ҡͷԱСӣв޿ڣзӵĲЦڲ޷ѵСĿ⣬о޴ɲصʹ
ȱȡ
ҧҧ
ͷ죬ȻؿڣһεΣȫǵá
ʲôû
ϾʧܹӵҲ˲ãϽ§ڻССİ̲Ŷﱧ
͵ᣬԼС֣ΡΡȥסϸϸ֫
ʡ
ʲô֪ˣʲôˡ
һֱڡϽıýϵĺ飬ɵζǼٵģСͼ³²Ŷ
ͰСɫӡ


23 
̲¡ԹԵĿڶ, ˵Ų£СȴץŶ½ǡ
ۼˣı
ͻ﷢飬, Һ㡣
⻰˵һƬ, źĻΣﱧ, Ͳ¡
һ, ͻյ, ͸Ͻūȥ̡
Ⱥ̣ͲźЩ, ԹԵҪ, ̺ˣ, ̫ˡ
ô˵, ϸҪˣڴϱţһֱ֣ȵطG, ƼȦͺ, 򶨲, ɤˣɡ
ҽɣǾֻҪܺã˶ɡ
طGӹ, ֻάְȦŵĶû˲׹۵ĽӲˡ
۱źͣһָֻ첲
ӲǴޱпᣬ΢˶ԼĹˡ
ͱȥҲûʲôӦһֱյģطGűţЩԣǷˣʱЩţ̫ҽ
ϸϽҲŻĲˣź˵䣬ֻ֪·ûԴ롣
ССͮͮſɿɰȫûͻȻȡ
ˡ
ûչ˺ú͡
طGļҽӹҲû¡
Σյĵط
û˵
ʱѸȣ¶ֻѰķȡ
һء
طGϽǵϵѣȵĽ壬۾ۡ
ʹ
첲Ҳʹʹġ
С壬۾ãȻĿǰˣȴֻܿһƬģĹΡ
۾ҲŶ
գգ۾ĽëŴˮ⡣
ɼ룬ǰһ˰أӦòô͸ˡ
ûܻ
̵Сסϵ֣ǳЦŵû£ﲻġ
һֶǶģˮòסˮһ֣죬ĿطGȶˡ
վס
طGһֲ˲Ÿιˮȡ
һڣͱ
ʲô
Ҳû
̫ҽĺܿ죬Ͻǰһ¶Ⱦ;ˣóϣдӣźĲС
Ⱦûȥġ
Ȼ
һҹطGûۣŴһֱźͣŬЩСͨ죬ɫ԰ף˯۵Ҫ
ͻȻˡ
ʧȥ
׾ٵĴһС
ҪԹԺ⣬òѽ
طGǰδе
ͳɳƣ߷һĨǰ׵ʱһֱǣź͵֣Ϸſ
طG˿ɫõϳĵ㣬죬ʢȥ١
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ҽϣϸĲ鿴̫ҽĿҩŵͷʾҲˡ
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ط_ԽԽڣֱڲ
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ط_֪֪ˡӵԼ·޹γ᲻á
Сүȴһ顣
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˵ţͼ˽§̣طGף´γȥ治㰢ƨɵӡ
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˵ʲôƨɵӣס
طGƳһ̧̧ۣ򢣺ү˵š
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ཱུСЦƤСӣƤ
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˸Ͻȴĥ̫үˣﱲȴֻкһʲô·ɡ
źͣǰָʣǺ
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24 
͸ǳ̵Сǿĵ, ̶ֻСĴèڰģ̬䡣
Ͱ, ˼, ֺǺǵ, ֣صѡƯ͸̵ѽ, 귨, ̾һֱˡ
ֻƷ, ͸Сָⷴâ, ɵЦ, ΢΢ͷʹЦ֪ϲС
ʹû, ջһ, ҪСûȥڹ, ϶ˡ
Ҫǿû˵
ץһѵݸЦеöҷ档
˼ǵҴ
һ̲סЦˣһѱ, ӺȲ, ĳ, ͻȻǵ۾ȫǳ˵ƺͽթ, ûкͰֿɰ
°ɡͷĻӻ֡
ֵ̫Ҫ£һЦŵźѩɰ, пȥع칬Ҷ档
˵ʩʩȻȥ
̵Ļ֣ĸطGָ룬С̫һС
Цⶺ޿û˵㡣
ͣ
ߣбŴ۾Ķί
Цء
ֲ˶ϲӣҲϲ⺢ʵǿɰˣһƣ;ġ
̣ɲǵöೢ
ҪǷּ֣ƼʲôóԵģһè̳ԵСԲģͷһξܾʳ
ʹʹã˱ˡƴǡ
δ֣СԴ˸귨˵
͵СԴ
ʱطGֹӣڲķչǰбҪѯʿ
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طGˣ¹ƽӣͰСųţǴ档
˸
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⼸ãæһҪȥ԰һڣ;ӵеСٵԼС磬ȿʰãѾſڣɵĵš
ǣཱུС֣ʩʩȻ԰ߣһЦŵڼÿﶼʲô
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Ĭԣ˵һ֣˵һ֣ʱĻҲǴû˵ӿ˵ҲȤĽ
ҡͷʧЦǱϵС̰ŶβųȷĿڣ㰢㣬ﲻ˵ȴ
ͷͷСԴӰԶԶԣҰȫһõİꡣ

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طĿźͣǻʵۣǻӣҴ͵ð
Ȼ
ĿԼĺ걧Ǹ̡
طʱˡ
ίͰ͵ĵᡣ
ͱţӻЩӲȴһĸоè̵ʱ򣬶ϣһ˫ֱѡ
תͷڿѲ
һԵС̫࣬üһĿһԸŵС̫ࡣ
үĻŴ󰢸ԼС˵Ҫụ̋ʮ߰ǣŹˣҪ󰢸棬󰢸˵Լģܲܲ湷Ȼʮ߰һѰС߷˼ţ˵ССԶˣ˵󰢸粻ʶȤ
󰢸ͷСʮ߰Ͱѹǰݣ˵Ҫùҧ
󰢸ߣʮ߰һѣ󰢸绹֣˾ʹˡ
С̫ڵϣ浱ʱ
꣬ȴЩۡ
ĺ͵ļ귨֪ίͲ²°޸
˵ǣŹطɥ־ҲͰˣùвˣ
Ƴһۡ
źˡ
Ѿƽͷһط񣬴䶯Ҫ飬Ǳͷ
Ƽӣܡ
Ȼظ幬Ҳյģ̣ȵĻ겻ᡣ
գգۣ۽Ǿʪ⡣
įĴĽëϻ飬ǿֿɰ
귨˵˵ôģʡ
ͰŰСʮ᲻ίҵʱҲԡ
ཱུСգҶˣСƽʲôأ
ҪʱйǷӦˡ
ڹۡ
ЦͷЦŵҲСû
߷İ߻Ҫһţúúʰһٲǡ
ĺܰʼӵҪǫѷȴҲ¡ЦſޡܾܾԷҲ׼ȷıԼԸͦõġ
ڶԷԼʱѰŻѶԷһ֣ͨ͸ˡ
Ĳ䡣
ڿССһţ̺ˡ
ѾԼȰˡ
ʱЦŷϽʳԡ
˭֪
±Сǣſһ½ǣ
ʲôڶ
񣡡
Ͷʱ˷죬Ҫˮè̵ʱΪͣĺܲԲ±磬ĺؼҡ
ڡ
˺ͣǸɰֻ̣صƬϡ
ԣҪԣ±
ⲻ겻ڵҪ±Ҫ񣬿ĴӦˣŷϽͷ
ٽ꣬ʱ±ˡЦһ
ҲЦ
ҲˣúõŶ͹ԹԵһԡ
ūŴˮһһϴСۣϸ޲һĲøɾ
ϧķںɰ
ؿڣЩۣǱطؿڵһȭˡ
ϲè;û귨ãỤᰴϲø
귨
ܵǰŽżŬľСȥ
Ӵԡ
׵Ļŭš
ȵǰ±͹һӸɫ±žͺóԡ
ɫϲ֣߸˵귨µһá
ⶺ㰢أ
µһá±Ƥһҧµ
⣬óԼˡ
ذصĴڳԵ
Žʣó𣿡
ֳ˸Ƶģ͵ĵƺóԼˣ㻬ûһͳԵСԲԲ
귨Ҳԣֵ̿Ĳˡ
С־һС±ϸСгڵ״
ô¹ɣÿζӣĲ뻹ˡ
ȻɫδڣС̫˵ı
ԥһ˲ǵͷˡ
ĺͿ֣Ķϳ±ʱֲܺȲ裬ǶȦ·ʳϸʳ
ʱЦá
ӻ֣ʾϽߡ
ŸطGȥ
ȵݣɫѾ׵İطGСֱ֣ӱȥԡ衣
ɫԼѣ
طG˹ظüģ
ºܿ챻¡
ͽŵĻ£Ͻ
ˣطGؿдŶһС
̧Ŀʱ˲䰲
±£¶Сţཱུģźܿɰ
ȻǰɰСϣиСȭͷɫۼ
طGɫڱŭԵúõȥ幬Ȼˣֱ̲ˡ
ĸţָ΢
۲ۣطGɤơ
͹СգͰ͵ĿŬЦҴȥˣġ
ԼСظŬҪչԼǸСͼ³ˣȻĵ˵ĵطʱ۵졣
طGü
᲻һָ
ʢȥϼҵֵܸѵ
治ʣǵūһ٣˭Ҳ˵ʲô
ǹΡ
죬ȴĸϴСƤۣĿɲ
ԡźְװ۵ĿɰطGûб
ú컨طGԡҩ̱ѬСüͷɵļ磺ٹЩӣͿʼѧ䡣
ܹžֳԿҪԼǿҪȻ㣬㶼㲻
͹ԹԵͷ
С֣סطGЦ԰겻Ŷ
˵ŻСͺ˵Ҫߡ
طGϻȴҪ
̡ĺ𣬾ͼÿ߽ЦеĿ
ŻСͼ³˵ԼСͼ³ĺͣһƼŶһͿˡ
طG
˭ү̻ˡ
϶ʱۼˣǰ壺ˣ
͸ɿԡƼԵգѾע⵽к컨Ƕصζ
ɫ䡣
ˣʡ
С̸첲ίͰ͵ĵᡣ
طG
ղŵء
Ͳĳ˳ӣŴŵµ
ϸϽ壬һǳЦŵ𣿡
һ
§һ۾ᡣ
طG
ˣú
һ죬ǾŵĲҽҲܣֻҷڴϡ
ؿһۣתˡ
Ѿֹͣϣˡ
ʹ˸ãϵĻ౵ﰡﱧ̡
޵ĶˣϸϽסţطGϴͼĳ
ʱֱۡ
ͼ
ɿţ¶ʵţԼ仹Ƽϸ͵֫סˣ볶¡
Ŷľֺ̾Ǻǵôãȵʱҳˣ᲻Ҳխȣؼ
СԼཱུСӡ
ô
ָͷŬҪ̳Ưļߡ
ȻΪûС
طGϵˮûвɣ˳
Ͽſţͺĵգգ۾ת§źͣ˯˯̡
Ĵ۾˯
Ͼ۾ǿйػ
ĿطGЪɡ
طGЦЦĿ
ţ˯Լ˵Ļظڴϣ˫ִǰ۾˯ˡ
ϣ
Ӧһ̵Ļ
Ⱥ˯ѣɫѾڱ﷭̵˸ǰ˲Щۡ࣬һҹΣպ˵ģˮһɰ


Ե±Ͷ
ڻûʲô˼ȻʢСȣĥţҪúõ塣
˵ĶԣԼǿ˲ܵ˺
Ҫͼ³
ġ
ȻһѩһյĽˡ
Ұ
òһ̡
ֶᡣ
ˣŬɡ
طGĿɣ顣
͹ɵǰһǳʦɵЦˣһᣡ
طGüһ飬ǾЦ⣬Ļᡣ
֪ʲô˼𣿡ʡ
գ̰Σأ֧̰ҴȥͲκɼȥˣ˷ϣҪǸҸ˵Щӣ̰Ҫѽѽˣ̰ˣҪǻǽԴϲ̰Ҫǻز͡
˵꣬طGס죬̰̰Ķ첻֪ʲô˼ˡ
һ޹Ŀ
˼ô˼Լͦ׼ģǰ񲻰
طGӻְ֣ϵǽˡ
ЩʮˣҪڣţȻµ
ǰʮʲôˣŵĸʲôһȽ֪ԭǲˡ
ʮ塣
˶Ǿ߶ģ߶꣬ת˲ط_ˣڵӳס;ͿʼҸ˵ӱʮ겻Сүͽգᡣ
ڵӲùΪط˺ͣԼڵıΪ׵Сţټıջ̫ӵӵ̫ôҲҪһ¡
ʮ̿ħ
ÿʲôųüͷסˡ
Ͳɵʮ壡ϲĻ
طGʱʮڰǰѣһŭ塣
̱ߡ˵
طGĿһ
ط_Ųӣһ㶼ŵġ
һһСǽ
ͳʮգգ۾ЦһжҸ˵Ժµһá
ط_ЦǸã
ʱ˼ˡ
ֱ۵Сط_ӸȰʱˣͰѺͱţȷɡ
ǰδеĺá
طG
̴Ӹ幬ˣô
ʮģ㲻عȥ
ڵڲûУĲ࣬ȷʵȽС
û̾Ͳˡ
ط_ֱ׳˵Ѿ˵ˣڴ˴֣С̫౳Ű
׼ر֣һҪ̻ͷɣԸ˿϶ǲģǶԸСǺá
طG
ûһֿܣ׵ҪȰȡ
ʮȻ˲Ρ
ǵԽ̡
бطGѱ
طG˿סĺ󲱾ͷһӣžĹš
ӳȥĳͷţбҽȥ
طGװ
Ƭ̧̣ͼ߱ˣ¶һŲõЦ
ˡط_ִк
˫˲ˣʮҲҪϷ̫˧˰ȡ
Σմ̼Ļôٵ˴è̡
ط_Ŵ¸֡
Ҳǲǰһô÷ӡ
̵Ŀðĸ磬£Ҫ
طG̤ȥſڷط_һЦˣù
õľͷϲˣǻۡ
ط_
Ӳװĸ翡йֱȻ֡
Ȼ˵ĸղãҲûֵز
Σӡ
ط_š
طGһ֣ľɳЦЦôЦˣոķӲ̫ߣҲûô
ˤŹͷͲˡ
Ǵˤȳһģôߵķӡ
ط_ĴӷУһȺˮС
ȻʵǣץŹƴŲ塣
ʵûۡ
ʮҲ֪۵ģǸж
Ӧò۵İɡ
ط_һ˿ǿ
谭궯֣һ߱źʮѽСܴߣ⿴žۣȻҪϽ·
ط_˸ڣŤͷ·
طGĹǺأط_һһϱQҪܵĿ죬קһ١
ͰСס֣ĺԹԣ겻
СطGɫЩ
طG۱ϸ˼Ƭ̣㲻Ҫȥ۸ˣ㲻ˣǣһа㶵š
ͣ
סطGգϸĴֿ죬һߺֹզ˻ˣ
ǰⶼûеġ
Ϊء
طGһӻ𣬱ȥֱٵһӻ

ˣˡ
ǿźͲϵ⣬峺ĵӰĵһЩ᲻ˡ
ˣԼ̡
ġ
ͼղԣطGϰȰڣŴŴ񡣡
ôá
ûԼΣһ롣
طG룬ͷ
ţǵſڣ߹Ц۾
ү͡
ѩɫĹâ͸ƯĹӰ
طGɫҲ


Цųſֱۣﱧ
ϸϽסµ˵࣬ЦŵԽԲˣٹ꣬ͱˡ
ǸŮӣƽҲţֻ˺ͺﱧ첲нʵƽСˡ
ܱ
ſڶĻʱŶհȰһף䣺ðŶ
־СҪ׵ʱ򣬻ûϣͱƸסˡ
͵Բ۾װͰ͵ĿŰꡣ
Ҫף
ү
ͶʱʧڶѣͰ͵Ҫ
ܵϽ׻ȥطGʱɷĺһۡ
طG˦ȥ
һ𣬻ˡ
յĸںͷЩߣԺ
طG
ѵ˵ʱ̵Сͣˡ
ǻ
طGżǹ΢ĻȣתĸӰü͡
ſϻշ£ֺǺǵҿ
ţ˯ɡ
ͺطܣܿʹÿһ䣬Ҷ֪ˣ֪ΪĿ֪νΪĿʵϡ
ͷΪڲŽⷽرŽᣬܴһ¶⡣һΣΪС̣ԸȻˣʵϡĽ
ҲݵĽ͵׻˵ĺã滹棬ûڹ۸ӡ
Ǵ͹˲ɡ
ûѳϽ͹˵棬ЦеĿӣӴϻ۶¡
ѳߵĿҪ֪ôֽš
ⲻǣ˵ԼûãˣȻҲʰϷ
ǰİС߷ֲȼţֵöֻ֣ϧү͵ģ¶һݵĻҲѹС
һͨ˱Լѳŵסͨһڵϣ˵ˡ
ԾЦ̣۽˵˵Ŷ⣬ûýΪ۸㡣
ֲҹˡ
˵ܴĥ
ŵţβŸɰͰ͵˵ǡ
Ц㱾ﰡµ
˵µɫһס﷢࣬ʲôվܷġ
ƫƫʲô˵
ǰЦſڣһƥ˵ҪƷϧֱűҲᣬֻͷˡ
ϹˣףǽҲܰ˯ˡ
ݾһأûഺòݹƯ
ټһأ˾ͽо·İͻˡԭô˭֪ø˵
ʮŲףȥԬţϥֻһ׹µЩ
Įڴ
ίڵأ˵Ǿµʲô˼
µ
µ
ͷҲᣬʷٵĽһ⣬ֱӰط͵Ԭϥ£һܳ裬ݲԣ̧طݡ
ոĺͣǿֵĲˡ
ǹ˼ճ˯˯˳ԵĿӣطGҲἫˣÿնŸĨҩ۶ˡ
׶ضŴĿҲضãҴϡ
طG۵ĹǺ
ǰֱðǸһµͬǲҺͺ¼ˣû´˼ҵ
Ȼصոſڣ˱Žūſš
һţһԲСӾ͹ССʨյܹ𣺡갢ɰ𣿡
طGһůŷӵĺģʵ̹
ǻ귨϶ϲİȡСʨ̵ҡСƨɡ
طG
ʲôȻˡ
꣬˵귨ϲʲôٸĸģ̱ܹ
طG
СʨСԴ˿طGԥųһŤСƨˡ
طG


25 
ϦͶЩ, ůɫĹâȴ¶ȡ
طG̤Ź⣬ʩʩȻ븮
ǰСʨӺ̬ıı, ˵Ҫ·
СֵֹС뷨, ʵ˾úĽҪǲͣζġԲСƨɵ, һš
طGࣺͣ
Сʨ, յܹ, ڵطĿԼꡣ
طGɫо
͹Ŀʼ, յܸͣԲСʨǿɰըˡ
ȻͱСƨˡ
һ, Ҳᵹڵء
͸ͷ϶, ĿŰ꣬ûҪҪ, ͼطG첽뿪ˡ
ͣ
ʲô
, ԼСƨɵϵĻңּǿԼȥˡ
طGڹսǴСʨӵƤ, ͼϧԲĺϲȥʨǸֶ̽ŵʨ̡
ͱQϣϧһֱﲻĿġ²ŵһ˰, ˡ
ʧĻȥ, ѵʨ, ¶˵С, ֻС࣬ȥԺѰԼ
û߳ȥͱһֻƸ, ԼС첲ͼԼ·
ꡫܺúñ𣿡
طG˿ΧôūţĮش𣺡ܡ˽ﲻӣҲҪӵġܸϣѾĶˡ
Ǻðɡ;͡
ƼϵʱίͰ͵Ŀ
ȡԼС̸첲
ϸϽӹסĺطGһۣεŶܡ
طĢ֣գͷȾ죬˹ϲ
ϱĿһʱʲôˣסͷͬ
ͣ
һϱ̣һ๫ֻ̣˵磬ô׵Ĵˡ
вޣֺСֱϵ౵˼ڣƵĿŰꡣ
ͲŰҵȥ׶
Ȼ
ͼطG򣬴סϵ򢣬һڡ
˲ߵ͸ˡ
طGȴֲɫջ֣ĿƽƽĿͣ˵ûʲôҵġ
һҭ
ˡ
˰ҲͶʮॵ꣬гȣûôࡣ
ߡߡ
ͼطG˿֮ĺһξҪϣ˲Щˣɡ
ͼ깴˹ǣ˵գգںӦʱҲһڡ
źͨͨСĿŰꡣ
ľͷϣա
è̱ʾѧˣⱲҪܳˣҲҪȢƯϱȻ°ס
ԼϵķҲҪףܶס
ౡ
Ҫ
ౡ
ţطGˡ
ͣ
һ̿͡
طGƳһۣǣϽңҲŽȥžĹϵŸͷ
ҽȥס
ȴû˴
ʧ뿪ˣȥԵȥˣĵ֣óԼˣѼСɳգ̵Ҳóԡ
ʳܺõĸοį顣
ԵСǶԲԲ˲зգյܵ԰Сˮ
ոܴҲСĵطô࣬Ժǽ£ĥôԽ͵͵ȥһͷ硣
ûд˴Ⱦ硣
Ȼһͱʢȥˣͼ͵
ͷһʣô֪Լȥ棿
˶ô
ʢ΢΢һЦع
СǵС˼ǴӶʱģ˭֪ܲ
ȻԺͼطG轣ɫ棬ƿתˡ
裬Сƣ̵ѽ
ֵĲˡ
ᵯã轣ССӻкá
ͺܰ
طGƳһۣûͣ
ҲűȻʵ̫˼ˣǸµһʮɱһˣǧﲻС
˧ըˡ
һʰţطGߵ߸ǰСģü
̫˰ȡСЦе
طGһů
ţСӦ¡
һԿţɵЦҲѧź͵ӣһݣۣ̫˰ȡ
ͣ
ҡ
طG㣬ҪסЦǿͷڵɫѹЦ⡣
ҹ
˯ˡ
طGϿ˯ŲǿĿʼ˹ϵ֧ӣİӲгֽƬ񱡵Ƭһơ
طGĬţҡҷԵů˼֣ɫݵҲղ͸
ȴȻ෴ˮ۽üҶǳЦ⣬ʱ򣬽ĵǶ使޵ĺĻ
ƣС¯ӣ¶һϸ׵Ƶĵơ
ѩһޡطGӻ˿ھƣſһԵĸ⼸գʵˡ
ʧЦҡͷӨ󣺡үЩǷգˡüӯӯ峺ӳطGӰ
ҡҷطGȾϼᡣ

ҹˡ
˯ѣͼطGĴŹǷ££ѣסǰǵۼŴԼ̣ô磿
ͱ۾΢Ц꣬Ҫ
طG治ɫɡ
űס
һ
;Сͣתﻳߺ̹Ĺĵ궼
ɫƣۣڻЦŵǶﱧ̡
ָߵһһ𣬿طGɫ
ʹˣ÷ִ˯ˡ
ͣQAQ.
Ҫˡ
èôȥĵط˯

µһõİꡣ
üҪҲߡ
طG
мӵɵԲطG˦ߡ
ߣ´ӳ顣
ߣ;ʹ϶ŮˣǺϲˣ̲Ҫֿء
ҲĸֿأҪԶһѽ
ϺĶˣסһͨףֿֿֿ
ԼزۣϽסϵ죬յֿͷֿɡ
ܸܵ϶ǰġ
ʱˣĵӦþǶˡ
è̿Ͱ͵ĿС֣ϲġ
Ҳģкܶӣиǲ̫ࡣ
ϵͷﲻ²Ŷ
áҲ§סֿģһ룬;۵
󲻵Ǻ͸ֿж۶
û뵽
һϴţϾԷǶҪ¡
ͷ䡣
յʵûʲô̫ѩ
һţͱѩһū˵ǰ˸ˡ
ỰŴкϵѩЩ϶ˤ˸ƨɶա
д˴ʹá˸ŻҲ߲죬˲伱ĸʲôһ
ˤЩ£ԼƨɣַŵԼŰ˸СЦ̺Ưˡ
磬һȦѩ׵ĺëﴩŶԽİС޶ˡ
ƯĽԻͣĵǻӡ
ʹսˣŰС̵ƯƯˡ
ֱѰ˸۾ֵĲˡ
ͣʩʩȻǰߡ
ƼˣϽһ
˸ԹЦˣֺǺǵ£רġԴƼ;ϲǰżѣͽɳÿ߼£ľûô
ϣ
ͷһμΪ˼Һ
ֵ
Ȼ˸źͲ֣ſɾ㣬ϡĲˣ˵ܵúôĵĺӣҲԸˡ
ڳɻһ࣬ûкżҲûá
˵۵ĿĸģүԸԺۼˡ
ʱҲԸ˶èһ΢⣬ҪȥԵԺʱţүȥƫԺСԺġ
֪΢Ҳ֪ӺʱүʼǰҲǵġ
Ժ֪Եϣнϣ˿ϡ
һԵЦ
΢΢¶һӨգ΢΢ķۣҵߣҵûŮ˵һֻϵˣʹãûԼǣܰѺãܵүأȻԸˡ
ʲôԸһģײ룬붼û롣
ϹŴǣЦֻϧ㲻ˡ
˸Ȼĵͷ
ԽŬҪץסүģԷԽԶ
ס֣Цˣ񻹰ţǾͰţ費˵
ϵͷ
ԭȸռ޹ҲǰŵģΪΨһľ꣬ǣָʯҲӲʱĸӣᱧϸ塣
ɶ԰һŮӣ͵ˡ
˭֪ʲôʱߡطGĺãҲѵ֪ǺΨһ
üͷ΢壬ܸܵﲻģӰ˸յܵﻳ§ĲС²Ŷ
ʱŮΪѡ
ϱЦúúạ̃Ųء
ϿۼˣĺÿôԣСͯһ͵̡
§ϲ֡
լŮ˿ࡣ
һһͷˣʵ᲻ãѺͱߡ
ȻϴͰˡ
βҡ
طGˣͼ۾۾ӲǱӵģ۵ġ
ģü
ߵʱۣϡĲˣתʵ𾪡
ڴǰӣǰһվŤͷߡ
СҲСӡ
طGüԵСŮü۱
СŮͨһڵϣȴʲô˵
Լ̲סЦˣԼĺ£Ϊѱ
طG
úõֵʲôˡ
û˸磬ԼһԵģڣ˿ŵ˵ɣˣ
üͣûʲô˵Ҳ
طG
Դˣˡ
Ͳ
üƽƽ϶ͳɡ
˵;;ʱ˳ޣչʣ϶ʲô
Сκ죬治Ҫ
ʲôҵź˵
طGס͵СŪ˼
ŶһЩֵֹģһ̵ֱ
Թһ磬طGʢѺͱȥ棬Ҫ̸̸ġ
ϣ
̸ġ
ǲ¿ˣطGָһ㣬üʵ
ϣ
զ֪
Сɣүᡣ˹
ϣ
ôʲôᣬֱס
ţ쵽ˣЩ䣬׺˼룬⡣ﻹЩģûǸȴ
طiͷүصǸ
һ죬§ڻġ
ϱֻһίģϸĺ壬ʱί糱ˮһӿҪûܵҪ
գգ۾ûסᡣ
طGϵˮ⣬ɵε̾һѽڻߵĲҿɵЦˣ𶹶ء
һ
ϰͷѣٳɬԡЦ־ϡ㻹Цҡ
Ҫѹˡ
˸Щ飬־ãʱͬǽĿһޣطGػġ
־úߡ
Сͮͮġ
ϷӦͼطG֫ᣬЦЦ´ˣүŪ㡣
ӣգˡ
ԽĽˡطGס°ͣϸβŻǺÿĽ
𪵯ƤӣβһĨֽۣġ
ϴס
Ĳɣȴ޵ĺÿ
˿һʱ˸ʲô飬ݺݵĵסطGһϸ⣬ĥĥ
˻طGҧˡ
žһƨϣЦþҧ
ϲЦ
һ;ͷţ̸ûˣ
Ҫؼ̱š
֨ѽһ򿪣طGĿ

յ߽ңСֱѲ߮ͷʣǱԺöˣ
תߡ
طGɤӣźŪȾˣСӺȾƻɵû㡣
ͺɵĿսñţжζ
طGžһƺƨɵϣлȥˡ
ͻȻЩ£ͿİССҶȥˡ
껵̡Сĸ״
ҲˣҲСֹϲ⣬ҹ˯
͵ͷҡͷ
ǰ᲻ҹզѽ

ǲװɡ
ʱզòף
ҲŶ
ֹͬ죬طGߵ߰ζ֪˸ȫ̡
ȡɤӡ
ʱѺŵĵԲ۾ըżһԵϣĬĿΡ
ȡҲɤӡ
ȡ;ܵӡ
˿ȹ;ú棬˲¸ЦһЦϾҲЦնʱ
šطG
ֵֿţͳʲô㣬̵İġ
Ե㣬Ҳʳ
һʳ꣬Ҫһȥ԰ߣͻѩ˳ʳ
ˣͻȥ˯
һɣϵһ˲˯ˡ
һ綹
ڼžĲ񻰣طG֧ͷζĿϡ
Ϩˡ
Ժȥȴˣ۾ͼɫѾˣ͸ɫĽϡ
˸δѣͱϸ޶߶߶ˣȥ밲ˣ˵ҪٲѣҪˮˡ
͡
Ҳء
ڳĸ껭һȥˡ
̣е簮ЩģŻûôմأūΪ˲;άȫⱧѳġ
ĻɣϲǸ簮ģطGҲǣûˡ
ϣ档
Ǻ«ʡ
۰Ͱ͵Ŀ
Ǻ«ĺѾܾ
򣡡
Ǻ«Ц㣬ȽԼڵߣģҲͦġ
󿴿ҿйϿ˭ҲϿܳСϣ˭֪үΪϲ
Ƚ͹Ц̵ĽūŰڵϲ裬̬
ϴ鸴ӡ
ǰʶЩϱ֪ûʲô˵͸ĺ«һֻʱȥͰա
Цŵģ
Ц밲򰲡
֣ЦϲǺ«
˵ţͷԸūţϽһЩȻûȥԡ
ǰʮһͣͱү٣˭֪үֱۣڹ
׳ӣ¶үˣ͹ˣֿط_Ҳˡ
;С֣һǺ«
ЦʣΪʲôһѽ
Ϊ¶ˡһ
˲䱻üЦ̵İ§ڻһĸĺ
Ͼźˮ
˵Цһ;רĳԼǺ«ЦתһԵϣЦ֣µһӣʺãȻϻȥ
˦֣뵽طGмΪѣЦӦ£˵ͷ¶ˡ
һжΪү
Ĭ
ֺγΪط_ΪԸƵ˵
˵ٺ˼ҲЩڵģ裬ôһʱͻ
ԵȻתȻһľûУѧѧľԺүǰµˣСӡ
ȻȥϾͿʼЩЬɰȣƯµӣ빬ʱͽȥ
˵Ҳʲôүǰվ͵ţ˵ǽ궬ЩЬﴩá
ǳЦ͹ſڣ󷽷˵Żɵø߿һۡǰܹӣܣһʵˡ
ϱһʱϵõĲˣ˶쳣ˣź͵ĵóͳɫȻڹĵλˡ
˵ףʥģһС
ţͻܵó輸գ˭֪յĹ򣬾ͱү٣˵ˣ
⻰һԡ
˵үԺǲһ㡣
Щӿع칬طiĶ˼Σ뵽ʱЩɵҡͷʧЦһ
Ϊ塣
ȡĳ谮ܼ
˼첻⣬һʱɢˡ
ͱˡ
·յܵ幬յǰСԴ밲͸귨밲򸣽𰲡
ɿɰӣÿƼ˲Цˣ޵ĹԹˡ
ſ˫۱ͣЦˡ
;;Сǻ귨ס
һ£˵ԼҪæһԼ档ֽūŸ˵ĳʳپǸЩ档
һԣſ񣬹ӱǿʲôģܿʲôӣ鶼һģ㡣
սϣ˻ûߣŬŽţŸ첲ĥī
˲жĲˡ
͵ĥһһͭ壬ͯŶ

׬Ǯ׬ͷϣǿٵͷһˡ
ͲɵЦˣ̵õġ
˵ĥīˡ
Ӧˡ
Ⱥˣ͹˵һӡ
̣QAQ
ף̾
Ŭĥʱ䣬ȿһͭ壬ϲúǺ棬õͭͷϣſЦ귨æôˣһͭһ𣿡
ϡ·ÿܸȤչЦ
ţҸ硣͹ԹԵԼС֣һ߶߶ĶҪעѽܾۡ
СࣺѾˣŶ

ľʵϡֺ档
ͷġ
̵ĵͷĴָһ귨ѽ
Ц
һԼ棬Ҫæˡ
źǵСģɵЦʵǿžϲĽҲһô붼ġ
ͬ꣬뵽ط񣬲ɵ̾ȻǱ˼ҵĹԡ
͹ԹԵ滪ݵͦ˼ģһһ档Ŀſգиһֱڽôһ
סݵС֣Ҫ΢Цĺͣȴ˸ա
Цˣ
͹ԹԵͷһѣ۾˯ˡ
к͡
ܹɣһϲϲУͻܿġ
ǰȥǺ
ʲôĺܺãǫѷ񣬶˷أִϻ۵Ľܱ
ϧһ
è۵ĶҪˡ
˳ӣķ֣Ͻڻ壬ż
ˣ۾ĺˮ⣬ﻹû¡
ͱơ
ʱ̫ӣʵʱϲŻˡ
ȻӶֵ˻λ񹦣ͺܿͱ۾˯ˡ
Ľëնڲ
̬һַǳϧķʽѩɰеٮٮߡ
û¾ϲཱུСرĺ档
Ⱥ˯ѣͼСͮͮģɻСͰ͵о۵ġ
Щ顣
û¾ҪһѣСƤۣ˭ۡ
Ǳ涣ˡȻء
ɶСӡˣСˡ
ͬĵͷȷʵĿɶСӡ
ԼСӣ
ɵЦˣǰš
СӳԵ٣Ŀ죬ȷʵڳԣڶ
ʱܺŷֻһЩʽķˣû¶٣Ҫ
Ȼ׶ӵζֻʱվˣѾǲĸо
źͣԼϣһһڵιԶͳԵС͹Ĺģ漫ˡ
Է˼⡣ȭͼΪԼųԿѡ
ͷЦŵ
ϲͳԵС͹Ĺġ
귨һڡ;Ź꣬˸
ӹˣ˵óԣΪιġ
Ҫ˵ҲͦԵġ
СԴ԰ιóԡ
Ͼôɰιôȣ˭ұιʳأ
ѭѭա
ߵſС̫ͨطG⻰һ仰⵱ʵ۵ˣĶࡣ
Ȼʹ𣺡̸귨ιԱ߸ߣ
Ц
ķ¿ӣ͵źι
طG
ˡ
ʱͷС̫Ͻͨ˵ı
ֱӾܾ
ģ̡
طGΣҪ͡
˹غһüⲻӾУҪǾ
֨ѽһƿˡ
طGŹ⣬ʩʩȻ߽
խôվţҲĿ
Ϊ̬رá
ͦ
СϲŶ֪ҳܱܲߡ
طG
ŶСƨӣȰߣΡ
롣ء
Ҫӵ
ͣQAQ
һ¶ίı飬طGյۣرĿڣͿˡ
ͶʱЩԣеĺͰҲߣǸŴŴСӡ
룬ôܳô
𣿡ɡ
šطGһƶ
ˣ
˼طGܾ¿û֤ݡ
޷Ŷ飬ֶ࿴ᣬֻоͤɽ;úˡ
Цŵ
طGȣȻЦ׺
˭֪
ͤɽǲ깫ڵĵطȵϣʰɣ
С֣˵˵ʲô
һҭôһ˵ôͣʱҲдʫӲס
Ȼ̣ܼסµı£Ѿܰˡ
һʱԶԡ
ðȺðȣ귨ģҵ֪깫ͺˡ


26 
᲻С, ͲһŵطGЦô̺ӵģý̵Ĳý̵, һû١
ƽ޹ʵİ˶, طGɫ
Ƴ˺ͣڱո, Ҫƨɿ
ͲĸطG, ̬꿴͸
סʱЦֺǺǵĺ͵СԴ, ϵҲŲ, ɰûסݺݵһͨ
ĺ
طGѧźͷŵӣֻҪ, ûʲô仯, Ҳͳ, ̬̿͸
һ, նʱ
طGɫҲἸ֡
ȥɡӻ֡
ž֪иǲ̫ࡣ
طGȥλͦ, 𣺡վס
ԭء
̧ͷ
طĢͷ
һıϡ
ôǸ治ı, ֳӲ
Ц
طG̻塣
ɫβӣÿ͹ɫ
𣺡֥, ʯͷŶ
µһá
طGԭسƬ̣úͻ粻˵䡣
ɫ࣬ƫƫ޿κεӣͣݺݵһǿɰ̡
СԴһƬγҲŷཱུСȥ׿һЦŵ귨æô
ڴ֪ųȥˣЦŵæ
˲˫ģֵĳȥſżϰСԴżøŶ
ȶ̣ϣʵڰŵء
ǸС񮡢ȣɰСܡ˵һ룬ͲСĻˡ
һһСǣ֣԰еʱƼ̫ɹ̫Źȣ;ú棬ʹ
ʲôѽСԴʡ
̫Щ˿ͲΡΡȻѶİһʾʡ
ͱȻ̧ߵŵı̫ŵˣְο̲²Ŷ
˵һĵҲҪȣС̵Ļ˵ǣҪ
š
ͺܹԣٿҪʲôҪҲճһЩԼСرá
ϲ
ܹŬıԼ뷨˾͸ˣ˸˵޲ֲңɶ£ʱ򻹷ο㣬òҲûϵ
Դˣֱ׳ͦСظֻ£⡢˯
ŵװס
СžһƺȥĲȵҡΣЦõĲˡ
̹Ȼ۸ġ
ͣQAQ
Ҳء
ΪǸʵûп죬ͤǰ;;Լӡ
ְһ˵Ĵϸã˫˫Ű棬ͼȥ
è׾飬˵̫ѣй츳ܿҵɣཱུСƨȥˡ
ҪҪ˵һתˣȻںδüͣ
ԶŹʧܹһֱ棬һ
Ѳɣ
˳̧ͷ
ͼԲСѾ̵ֶϣཱུСƨһŤһŤġ
ɫ䡣
ôߵҪˡ
վͤгϣһ죬ߵĺժСƨɵһơ
žࡣ
ˡ
ڴʱһС̫һϸϸĹˣΪչ׶ĵĵһŵС
ƨɵá
͵Сƨɱˣͮͮģſˡ
ɤӺطGȻ춼ûһָͷδ̣ڿջӶȵʱ򣬻۾Цȫ֪Σա
Ϳ޵á
ѿźͮͮСƨɵƴĳҪסСĿſ򲻴򡫡
Ҳۣĺ§ڻúõİοһȴ޾֪ˣ˳ͤͦͰ
Σ֪֪
ǴͷˤˤԴˣǺã
ͣá
ſޣСίĲˣСͶϲˡ
Ͳס۽⻹źͣſԼСֲᣬߵһµôɾ
̾˿վǰ§ڻϵ㣬̫࣬Σգٲôߣūͷţû
Ͳ
è̱ˣģѹ
·
ԡͳ
գգ۾ĽëϹŵͿʼ¹ȥƴŤͷŤĸèͷӥһ
ֱѿӻˡ
һѱ԰
´βôߣ涼ʯʯʯ棬ʵΣգԺҲ㣬ɲ
ͼ
ߣͱ쿴ؿѩأǲ
ԼС̰С͡
ɰЦ
˫סԼգѣһ̾˰Сˣ˵ɰ
뷴뻹ǡ
úõĶ鲼⣬Լǿ˵
͵ͷһġ
ѧܶණ̺ڷգζûš
ͺܿ첻ˣҵߣСȣһֱֻں棬װˡ
ụ̂һǳϷ
Ϳ֣һ£ˣм֮࣬ѯʵϸˡ
Ҽסڰɽ綴кܶܶˣ㶼ʶա
С
Ц˸幬ߵſڣͺ
ΪƼһ
طG
ˡ
˼Զ
ĵĿӻ֣ݡʾǸϽߣҪȻȻúڡ
طG񣬱źˡ
ʵʱҲҪлϥҲӦģĸ֡
ߵǡµһˡ·ӣԱȹıȽǿѡȻҪЩ
ΨһĵӣҪƣòý£Ҫô̬
طGͷһ۸幬߸ߵķɫ
͵СȰȵģĽ췢鶼һ飬ʲôӱ귨Сƨˣڻۡ
ʲôҪײܺá
˽ʼĩطG뵱ʱյʵûסֱƣƨɵһơ
ͰŰ۵СˮĴ۾˲һᣬСͿˡ
򣬰껵ˡ
е۵Сƨɣѩϼ˪
ӡ
ͳ˳ӣֱֱİ꣬գգ۾һȥ겻򡣡
ĸԼ顣
طGָƨɣȴû˵
ȥ˵ᵣġ˵
͹ԹԵͷᣬҲҿޣƼϵʱŴŵĵˡ
ֱѶԷЦУϡˡ
ҲСԹˡϱ˵࣬طG뷨ͬú빬ܿġ
ôСĺӣĸ̶ûУʵߣβѡ붼޵ġ
ϵգݺݵڣǶס
һױٸ߸ߣζ塣
ȡطGɤӡ
ȥһĲò׻ˣһֱźס
ɺͳ
ͳб۾װꡣݺݵģ
ϲסͷײסְȰںͣôôôϲ
Ҫܲ빬ͺˣ룬˭е㻵˼Ƕֿĵġ
طGɵбϣ򣬾ؿϦ£͸ǽӰӡ
ɫһĻüͣǹһ˿޵Ц⡣
ĸ磡һ̴ָٵ
طG϶һۣЩãȻиûʵû
Ѿ˷ܵܣʮ壡
ȥ˽˻
˽һСʮģطG´ţ˼ڣ
ط_޿ĵͷͲ˵ˡպܷգֻҪһ˵ͱЦѼӡ
һֻܷѼӡ
ֻ̺ͣŶʮܷôϵ
ط_Լܴܵ˺֪ôȥ˵Ͼ۵Ŀһʮðӡ
̫ˡ
ϱֹͣѾط_ٴ˺ҽЩ޺֮ݲȣЩɤӣʱڣͺˡ

ط_סͷطGޣĸĻ
ЦͷطGʱÿ͸˵ܵС
ػ˻죬ط_һ¸½УˣŰɡǰˡ
Ȼ;ͳʶˡ
һμܳô࣬һ񣬳һӵģһҵ㣬˸㣬ֳһ׷
Сƨɣһط_Ķӣİ
ͦԼԲСӣС̰ط_Сһ
ط_Ҳڣײ㣬ԼĶӣһٿиƻ
Ŷۡ
ȳԱˣط_̲ס˵ңͻȻͷô󣬰ŹĹأû취Է
ʳӲ˶ˣعأĸһ
طGɵӲˣͳĬǲˡ
Ҳ̫ܳˡ
ط_ٺһЦֺǺǵѽ
Աˣͺá
Բ˯ãı
üЦ̱̫ʦϣĳ˺ү硣
ͿܵӣҲ̫ʦϣͷһСү硣
һ޵Ƿ飬طGط_ʵʵˣе㺦Լ׸ġ
ͼˣҲ
˹ɵӣطGջߡ
ط_ߣҲţǷǽıո˱ոȥ
ȥıӰطGɫ㣬СˡСšСʮСʮģ˸һһ׷ֲ
رС֮ӣݵλȻһ㣬СʮȻçť»֮ӡСʮ˵֮ӣ⼸к̫ӱͷľ
ȻطGû뵽ǣڸĲµʱط|˺ü£һ
£Ͳв£ô£Ͼְ̣ȨȥԶɫֱķ
ֱ׾ٵĵõеĶ
뵽طȥͷ£ߣ˳Ͽñӣŷˡ
ںһ̫ӵӵ
ֵǶˣ˼̫ۡҲۣվڸߴ¿ģأ
к˵֪Щ֪Ϊ̫ӹϵöΪ˶ȻҲΰҲΣӺʱڣҲΪ̫ӹϵöꡣ
طGûҲû˵
ϴװױϱһ߲ŶǵĺЦŵˣвסˡ
̶طG˵ϾߣǶ˵޷ܵİ̫ˡ
ԷطGڵ
ϵͷ
ͣ
Ϊ˺ϱ治ܶӵˡ
Լϴȣҿաè̿ܲϴ裬ˮ
ɵĿȻò̫ɣȻطGһ죬קԼŵɡ
žƨɵҲĺͣüͷǲ䣬ȥͷѩȦ
ֻ䣬˭֪˷ˣ˫ԾԾԵĴǿſţ
Ҫȥѩ
طGһ֣һţֱӰӱñӷӡ
ůıѣͶʱʵˣĴŹǷ۾˯ˡ
û£˯Ŀ졣
طGڴͷĶͷ˯ûһСͺ˵ģſɰˡ
ϰˣҲſ
ôôϲ
ῴϲϲҰĲɡ
ҡҷǽֱӴչţϾ΢ĴС
űϢǣڶϣߺա
ƵЩʾЪˡ
ӣ̧ͷ
ˡ
СĽ飬־䶼漫ˡ
ҲŶ
ˣˮ
Ժ˯ˣҪˮȴûЩۣŲĵ̺ϣҡҡλεߡ
ȥһ˲䣬ˡ
ͼ
طG°׵£Ϸűĺ룬ͷš
Ͼܶ࣬СС룬ںʲô
ͷͼ߹룬ţǰ룺ȣ
طG
СӺܽţһٴһ롣
ϸϽ§ڻС֣ˣ̵ûУ
һƬǽ塣
ʢġ
جеĳٴϮ˽ģ
طG΢үⷿͷܶࡣ
ǵ˽ģųɫˡ
ܶࡣίͰ͵ıͷϲ
طGͷתͷԸ󰢸粻ϲȥ
Ϳ뱻ߣˡ˿
ϽŵĿɫجˣ
Сյҡͷ˵ˮˮطGݸһˮιˣɫЩŷ
Եɶ
˿棬ҪҪڣ
Ҫգ
кóԵĵȻҪ԰
ֲÿ춼ץ͵͵ҹ
ΪɶʡѼΣÿζܴ͵Զ
طGһΪǶˣӶĿ졣
˼صͷ¿ҵطGطGò¿ؿ
Ϣϣһᣬ˯ˡ
طGСţɵЦˣǸɰӡ
žСͣһһ;ú޲ǰݺݵڡ
§ź˯£طGһ죬§˯¡
ȵڶһ磬˯ѺڱӿӿҪǻ˻СԴ
𴲲ףè޷ֿķӡ
ֹһ۾˯ˡ
ȻƬ̹򣬾泳µŶҲ˯ˣյ𴲡
ͼѡΣ˵ǵȻҪȥ縮Ͽ񲡵Ҫȥ
˵䲻ģ̫ҽ׼³ϲˡ
⼸
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ʡ
СΪҲΪġ
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˸СŮһ߽ȥͺĴţͼ»Ի͡
ȽԺԺӣסʰ޵ΪţֻѿڰɵϣǾ͹һĨЦ
գźʲô˵ţȴ۰Ͱ͵ĿźͣԴˣӾǰͷ鷿ţѵüһ棬ǹˣҲԶԶһۡ
ûǰ
ܹ밲æǲﲻ㣬ȥգϸ˲
µģֲʲô֢һذˡءʱʹô˵ġ
̰ĿСɸ꣬ûÿҲм˲ţЩԶԶĿһۣûˡ
úӣǵüɻŲźáϽСŮȥ棬˵кܶСˡ
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Ҳһ̾Сװ׵ġ
ʲôòõģ˾ˡϰ֣ķſЩӵء
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ȵˣֽ̫ҽʱ򣬾˵ûҩԥƬ̣ҩʲô̫ҽ˵𲻴ʱͲûˡ
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ԭװģһ˵СģʱûסЦˡ
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Ҫϴδŵˣ룬㹻˽Ųڻ֣̿ȷʵҪųɡ
յ϶껹ͣ˵䶼ʲô˼
ô
ˡ
ԺУǸɫĵģӹмǧ֣һҲܳԺüꡣ
һҭεĽūϵġôһ˵ҲԣžͲźС͹ĹĵģԵĺӣҲЩˡ
һԡ
ͦ󰡡ڵ
ϵͷһڣһڣɲǾͷҪ֡
˲ٱ죬Сӷһһ磬˶鼸֣⣬Լүȴ˵ϲŸûͷһϸôţֺȴٳԼڡ
ÿǰһʫо仰˵ǣһͷ᣿գڤ˼룺ˣһͷᣬǡһˮʤĽߡ
Цü䣬оǶԶĿޡ
ɫˣװףѧģ
д¡ԼཱུСЦӦ־Ħʫɣûأ̵롣
һϾȥæԼˣôĸۡܣæĲӡ
ͻڷ飬˵ֻԼ㹻˽ź÷ȴǵã෭סˣԺõˡ
ҪⱾ飬ʲô;̹Ľ
ĥһ졣
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ƲһСˡ
ѵֶдǩӣԺʲô飬ĸĸ
ǲдǾѧʲôʱǩڳԡ
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޻˵ⰲĺڰ֪ҪǾܾģĸҸˡ
ۺģ϶ǱȲġ
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ʵʵĶϰȥˣҪȻ˵õʶֶ޷˳ԣҡ
УҪܶҪ
жˣͱŵ¼ҲȥˣҲȥڼɽˣͰȵڴǰ
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ĴƶƵͷЦеŶˤˣҾ͸ˡ
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ϿֵĴﻬڱطĲֺ
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طG뿿ԼӮ


27 
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һһϹ
ʼԭط, ⼸£ʲʺϻ귨ԡ
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ֹ˵ƯҲ, Ҳˣʮ壬㣬óӡ
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ͷë, ץ
طGڷܶ, , 쵽󴦣¶ݰһؼѩͨ졣
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طG꣬ȵŵ, һ㶼ûбš
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طG΢΢΢ζɵЩ, ڣδ뿵һЩٶ̫Ķ
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˵һ˻ϽſӭӣһЦŵǻˣſڳ˺üˣûƼˡ
طGһѺͷϣһԵϸϽϱӣɵģɵЦˣգۼˡ
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طGķ޳ָ鱦лƶ
;һ֣á
ΪϣؿˣɫƲסϲ
ط_ǸЩ
ȵ˵ʱ򣬼һӣ˵һ䣺ɩӸ
طGƳһۣ¶ζЦЩѡĺöŲƴССǮʱǿҪòǮҳġ
û˵ʲô
ֹӵܵܲãطG˵Ҳû˵
ܵһ˿ط_ݵͣƬ̣Ľȥˡ
Ǯء
ó裬Ҳȥ͹ʱʱʹͣ߸ǮģūТﶼš
Ǯ
仰ƹ˵ֵʱˡ
áŲӽɰСȫ㻨Ǯݴʹ޻˵
һ޲ñͷʹޡ
СǮǮ˼СǮǮûˡ
ط_룬Ů˹֣Ǹɵӡ
ʧȥǮط_ʧȥС㣬գͰ͡
Ͱοļ磬ٴͳĴʮ岻ޣҳҲ򡣡
ط_ӣǳǳһ£ûãûôˡ
εȥ˲ׯʱ˵Ļɫˣô޳Уɫˡ
ϺǿģһֱЦ⣬طG۾û취Ųƴˣ˲ָߴԵĲˡ
ⶼҪһǳɫĹΡ
ż˿ζʱ۰Ͱ͵ĳ˳Сӣ̺ȥԿɣԡ
ɡطGҡͷ˹Ҫġ
ϣҪٿƤӣĥţһЩϲãϲľ͸˺ˡ
յĵͷ
ط_ȻĶһۡ
ģˡ
ط_Լ˭룬ȻˡȸǦһ
ͻĴҪС۰Ͱ͵ģܾ̾
̣ﻹǾøӣŴҶܿģֻһ˵ˡ
طGϲУһһĶػæµ
Ⱥͼˣ۰ͰʣԿ㣬Բѽ
ҲڴͦóԵӡ
طGҡͷظţԡ
ϴûпġ
;СͣյܻȥԣɵĵȴţһԵСʮЪЪ۵˺ü뷹
طG
򣬲õĿط_Ҳ̫ܳˣоװһ硣
ڳԱˣӲСүθڡ˵·ˡ
ҲЩСͲͣĳš
ˣطG˴ȥʳȥԡޣſʢСĶʲô
ĸܵ˵ĻɵúطGӻ֣ʾϽȥ
Թȥɢϴޡ
˰Σͷ˯ˡ
طGſڿ˿ŷ¾֣ʾ
߽˿ԭء
㡣
ѹžżζˡ
ɫ˲侧طGѾƱǰƣЦȾơ
ҡͷȣȵˮɡ
ͻȻþζš
طGһۣûǿԹԵĺһ
ζŨ֮طGͳɤûԱɣ
ϵͷ
ط_ʵ̫ܳˣһܳһڵķʣµľûˡ
һ죬ҲǺܶġ
żζ˲乾
԰ɡطGͳЩЦ⣺ٿ಻ܿԼӡ
ϣ
һ̲סЦˣҪԺΪٿҲҪӡ
˵Żˮ¶ǣطGɫȴ˹ظ̡
ҹԿ㣬᲻᳤⣿һ߳һʣʵ̫ˣ۵֭ˮ棬ζʮ㡣
ַһ磬ʵ֡
طG´ĵͦá
˵У޶̺϶ȡ
ЩߣҧˮĴ꣬һء
ǶطGͺ
ˣ䡣
طGȴ䡣


28 
ҹ˯, ʱ;ˣͼδ
ŵԼ´ѳ, ߵݵʱɵñʶżʲôζ
СüͷңʲôҲ򲻼, ɻ, Ŵ˲ɡ
һԵϿЩ, Ǳ͵͵ҹ¡
Щסˡ
СֵܳȥϾ֪û֡
ûѩôĴ멣ѹˣ˶˷, ܵ԰ȥǧ
ߴǧվܷԶ
Ѽ
˵ĸ¸֡
С˷ܵĺٸߵ, ٸߵ㣡
԰ӿڿ, , µĺ, ¶һĨ΢Ц
һ, , Цŵ, ȥ
Ҫңźȥ
͵ŵŵֻܹСһſֱתȦСԴ￴СñӺÿ𣿡
ߣҶ, һһҵĲš
ÿЩᣬȥݴҶʲô£ӵֲޡ
Ȼ
Щίܲġ
ϣҲҪÿ棬һС磬ñϵСҶ
˲ίͰ͵ſڴϣ˶ˡ
ҵģҶһˡ
ţСԴǵȻٸƬ
Դڸ첲ϣ̽ͷȥ棬һЦվҲƬˡ
ϸ§һ⿴һЦŵȻƬȴҲơ
µµǰУ·еʱ򣬺;⿴·֯æСԡߵȵȡ
ϵҲЩԶͱүɻ󣬺Щ궼ڹͷġϲССӭү˵ʲô֮䣬ϸҲмֵ
ڱոļ䷴ЩһΣֻҹ˾ʱһ
ʱǲС
ȵңſѾһȺˣϵϷˣµѧ·Сڵš
óֶ˶٣ѣ³
һ³˾͸Ͻǰ밲ǱոִűոͷС磬Ȼͬ
ӣЦؿ
Ϸ˰ȥϽһЦҳģ첻Ҫˡ
úúáϷˣͣͷϣֵͷֺͣǺǵ⺢ĺð̣۹ɣǸиġ
ҲһĿ䣬ʵǸСͯһƽܼôѩɰСӡ
ԼҲУǸ˼һȣͻ챻ȥˡûʲôɱԡ
;СϷЦĻĸ
Ϸ˶ʱˣΡΡĸһߣһЦ㼸ֵܼңЩҲмкС࣬г档
ϲÿɷ͵ĶͷЦſˣȻææźˡ
λȻû˵ҲܲµõҪôҹӣҪôҰǶҪѡ
Ϊ˲¶Լ˼еĺҲˣϱЦ˵ĸ£͵Ÿء
ϾͺĴչһ۾סˡϲСҲź棬Ƭ̺Ͷһ顣
ڳģϷ۾˶ͷ˵
ϱڴĿͶ˶βŵͦȺ͡
죬ͷһôȺһӤ
Ͳסͷ
ݴʻͦ׼
ȷʵӦôȺݡ
˾ˣ¡
һ£ĸ׾游ףͷݣûֳࡣϱȻҲҶü£Ǹ˶
Ǵ𰸾ֻһˡ
˵ϱֵָһ׳С̱컹ڣµСӤ˼Ķأžʹ˵ĳշʣǹͯ棬ԵôȺ͡
ϱͷסޣ󰢸Ǵϻۻ飬ⶼܿ˵ˣֶŮãʱŮҲˣԼҺӡ
˵۰Ͱ͵Ŀϣͼֳ
˲ڵýմմ۽ǣÿƼСϱĶһģӿ̳ġ
һʱҲ벻ʲôõģҼ˼棬һͷЦ
;ؿˣϸĹ۲šڸǷҲġ
ô˵˶ʱЦϷ˽Χæģʲô֣ԼǺɡ
ЦڿλϣƵŲ裬ҵķ˿ڣǰյõĺòҶûúȣŸ͹ȥʶˣҲܸźһڡ
ԳЩǸͳˣϣ˵ˣϷ˶
ƽҲǸ߰Ҳͼ˱ոŵͷ
ϲβǳЦ֪ɩӵңʱҲЩС
˵˽̧̧µ򢣬ʾϽ˾ȥźüС̫һȥϰ̧
ϴθطGһȥණЩϡ
һƣЦľ͸ˡ˺Ѽ䣬վͷˡ
ֵܡ˳ź֣סڵĿ䣺ƴ󰢸磬֥ǳۣСûһȵ
ǹάҲʵ
۵ĿϣЦʣôĺӣĺÿҲͰˣͱүⲻľģɷҲ
ɩˣҿϵĺӣǰͼ³
ŵ佫֣ʵǸĺҲߴﱲҲضá
Ͽ˼䣬ֿڸϵϷˣЦŵЩҩģյȥǶôԣСǺˡ
ϷֺǺǵЦˡ
ϺͺΪΪϱϵ˶£Χת
ǺˣͿʼС̰ǡ׵ĺȻ࣬ĺҲһ
ҵСӣֲˮģĻͷԵģǺ«е㡣
˵ͳԹԵʰ
ͳ۾ЦЦ
ֲˮ˵Ĳرǿ˵ȻСͰȰȵģٹ͸ϣС͡
ǣ֣һȥˡ
ϿһۣʾȥıšϾԼϣ˽⣬źá
˼ĺãʱЦˣֺǺǵСӴСԺﺩԺ˯ģ־ҲһϵģŲܱ䣬Ҳ֪ôˣ
ǳǳһЦ˵ǫĻüۼȴβסԺҲĽбǲеģŶǧͨʫˡ
æ䣬˵С·ʵûôϻ۵ĺӣϻ̡
ļ䣬ɢˣֻϷ˺ʹˡֻʣԼˣ˵Щ
ͷˣĲܵãϷϣһǵĿڡ
ŮӼѣżվȽŸ༸ǺõģүδҲǸ⸮Ѿ˸รʱ򻹵
Լ·̺ˣ껹ô
۽üҶ飬Ϸ˾֪ĸãŮ˹⣬ɫһҲҪЩ
ԼЩŮ鳤ȻˣȴֹʣһͷȥѡϷ۾Ϲȴס
˵ЩҲЦƸӶֻ̹Ҫ鰮ۣҲ޷ܲҭʳаʱܣ飬˵˵ʱ˵ľؾͳɣǴ̣ˣ۹խˡɩӣ⻰û˵
ס֣ЦҶʡġ
ЩΣСҪϵġ
˵Цţ˵Щ˵˵ֵǵǰ̣СĽ̵ô졣
ۼ佫츳ڣȻӵСҲҪϰ䣬ﱲӦŸ׵Ľ̵֣ϰϰ䣬ܶͶ飬ƽӹЩ£Ǯʲô鹾ͳɡ
˵ţüһ˭ɣͷһʰ
Цŵͷ
͸ֲˮһߣӸϺͱոѷɫܶ࣬佫֮ң಼ܶöƫľ˼Ľ
ͳһѺӧǹ˳ִ̳۾˲ˣ档
һԵֲˮЦʣ𣿡
ֲˮҡͷ
İװԲལ·ȵóƽﶼǻﱧų裬ٽµء
ųĺӧǹôֲ֣ˮССġ
ţͼϴ߹źӧǹЦ˵࣬лЦŵҲźӧǹġ
ˣ£Ͷʱ޵۾Ҳ̫˰ȣ
ĺ
Цһͷ۷۵СԺ̻ѽ
ĵͷСȭͷܾһѽ
⻳Դ˹ѧأһһΪҪҲûЩ
㿴˼ģ֣̇ʾùѹõһ˲䣬ƾͲһˣ칭
öûˣȴһʤֱаġ
ϵЩ㱣ķ¹ǰ̲סһѡ
͵Բ۾
ϤĶƴơ
һЦǣźʩʩȻ뷿ȥһЦŵ񲻱ȵꡣ
ķ䣬ܵĺܺá
һӦʲǵģͼҲûô䣬ǣֲˮ֣һԵ滪ݵ
ֲˮԵƤЩϲĶҪֵĶԼĺá
ЩΣֻ貹⺢ӱĽЩൣЩ
ϻģƽҲûë
ۺͣرãܵҪ˳־͸ˣһ㶼ռ
ͳɡǳЦŰο
ʱȷʵ˵ˣ˵ĶҪʲô䰢ˣᾡð졣
źͰˮСϴǵЦݶϼֽ棬;Ͳĺӡ
ɶµۣ޲ðкöǰȥ
ǻ޴ߣܵγˮЦԼ̣ôôܡ
Ȼʲôĭʡ
ôãǸöˡ
ֲˮСԴ˫á
ԿİɣǰѵҺǣձ¯￾ʲôζԴ
ϲζȴǽūȥð졣ĥţϣĲóԾͻԳġ
˵һ䣬ԹԵȥˣŪŻݵӶֻССһţſɿɰġ
ֲˮһЩģĿźͣβŴսЩССʣ㳤е㡣
Сװ׵ģëģݰ׵Сӣʵ̫ÿˡ˵ᣬֲˮݲָоֱý档
㳤ҷҰǶԡֲˮ˼죬صĽԼҪĶǡ
ʹ
ǲʣ岻ͬ
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ϣ
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ûסҲЦ
ֲˮЦĺϲ£Ĵˣʱʧ伫ˣǣź͵֣ǲУҪһ𡣡
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ô
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СȢϱĴ̫ϷϱʲôҪ
˷ľöˡ
ȵūŶֲ̹ˮ֧ŵ˲һζһɱ˿ζ޷ܾζ
ҲŵζɵЩ졣
Сӣǿĵ΢΢ƵĵƤۻĵ
ζ
һһֲˮȲĳ˲͸˵۾̫˰ȡ˼߻Ҳ
˹سţȻһóԡ
ﳢŵӣյܵϸǰιԣˣڴʣó𣿡
ϵͷ
˵źͿŵĴˣЦŵҲ
˵ԵֲˮԷ˫峺ĿԹԵôˡ
һҭ
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ٴηСް©޴ʵǴ󣬱лҪЩ
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ظ¶˵˰¶ˣר
ѱүˣʲôǿ
ȻԺչүˣϾͿĸͳӣϲȥǺǼˡ
ĸݡ
롣Цİȵŵʱ򣬾ͼиСӣĿɰԲС۾ССͷཱུġ
ֱͦţŸСһ
λǣһ۾Ƽˣʡ
Ƽˣһ˼һԶֶӣͷûˣҾֲˮһ󡣡
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ҲĸִкСӵʱСͰ͵Ŀ
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è̶ʱˣյܵСӸǰĿֺǺǵˣ
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ͻʣһ׻ˡ
QAQ
ԹԵţܺܺõԼв˳ԲˣһԵֲˮСһţСѾ߸ι
ϵûҵĺƼˣҲԡ
֪˵ˣʳﵽжôִţԱӣһһιûʱЧʵ飬
͹ԹԳһ뷹һԵСԲԲԼȥſˡ
£Ĵ۲ѣ˺üˣûһôԵġ
ϰΪ
ˡ
˶ڿһʵĿ䣬ϾЦλˡ
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ô˵˶Щ⣬ٵ飬Ͻߣͼһ͵ͣſڡ
Ϻͺһ۶ϳطG
үĺ
͸˷ֱֺܵǺǵ꣡
Ϣһʱţؿš
šһͳԵ
˸Ͻ밲
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䣺ɡ
ϣĿںתһȦŵ߰ɡ
ϻϷˡ˵˸תҪطGֱӲȥ
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СĿռ˶ãڰϣ̵СŽţµԼСѾ
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ڵҲ˵Ͳ˵ˣϷתͷˡ
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ӡ
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ﱻ۸ҲͰˣ˯Ѻֵûˡ
è̺ۿߵĿʣҵأ

볢һڵġ
۾˵أҲǸʲôѽʲôʱأأҪǶȥͺѽ˵ǲǣ
һͨϻѧͼȥ
ͶԳԵִų
ǡŻء
ỹûŶǶǰοԼûϵѽģ귨˾ѽˡ
ͼĶ
꣬һš
ٸ룿˵
ڽëϣȲҪ񡣡
ЦǲС
ͦģٳݻҪҪˡ
ͣQAQ
ΣҲա
һĿſͼ


29 
ӹƺеֿ, 𵰸Ȼ̲ˣ, ֱӸ˸ˮ, 嵭ͳɡ
Ҳϲ
ذشڳԣС͹ĹĵģԵر档
úóѽ㡣
ԼԲСɵ, ϵѩζĴ˸Ƿ
귨úŶ̵Ŀ䡣
˰۵С, ЦԾǺá
ǲأʡ
ӿ, ǻ귨Ǻá
峺, СԴ, СҲ𣺡ǲѽ
˵Ķˣﻹ˵ܾĻסͷ˵Ķԡ
һ˺Ѿ̡ܾ
ͲɵЦ, ð۵Сſź򢣬ٺЦҲ볤ӣ
ûӵζ
Цúȥ, Цʣ𣿡
͹ԹԵͷ
볤, 볤ĸ߸ߵģԵ׳׳ģԼ, ΪԼĿ, κ۸
̫ˡ
ͷǺͱȻꡣ
ϲС磬ȫ
;͹СǳǳЦ԰յֺ̣Ĳˡ
ڿ˵Ļ, û̫Ӷһʲô
ſϣĿŵ飬ָһԹԵʿԿ𣿡
ͷ
ʹ򿪣ͼǡһȡķ˷Ϥĺһ˵д籾ǹӼ಩ʿΣżȻÿŲŷϡ
ͰͷһΡ

ôܾ
Ǻ۰Ͱ͵ĿʵЩˡ
ɰɡ˵
飬һһĿˣ;
Żˣôô

֪д˭𣿡ʡ
֪ͻء
ڡ
ϸ뻹ǣɽɲڣҪһֱԼẹ̀ûôࡣ
ҷŻšҾԼߵҪҲա
Ц
ɵԿǡ
˵ɤӸɣҪ˵Ȳ裬ͼ͹ԹԵĶŲյǰЦ귨ˮˮ
ôõĹ£϶˰ɡ
ʱѿжĹǺ
úúãǸúӡοǽ͸˯
ͣQAQ
һ𱨡
˵һ˯ȴæӺʹʱ۵ĺˣ磬ֿʼæ
ĺ࣬ڷܡ
һҲæĸС۷һһ˲裬һݵģһԣԼཱུСָȡ
ûȸߣȴڿһֱΧת۵Сڶڲס
֪ԼԿİСӣŬվȥѧĥīСţĻô¡
С϶մī֭ҵĸֻСèһɿɰۡ
æ꣬ͼջȦЦʣʲô
С࣬ҪǰϰȻȥҲĥīЧһȡ
Ĭοһ䡣
⺢ġ
ûģͺܼʡ
ţ㰢겻ϲ˸ĥīͼ䡣
СͻȻַӦֺǺǵҲǱѽ̡
գ
ɫӸӣ֪طGʲôʱˡ
㰢Ĵָ䡣
һ̧򢣬̵ѽ
ɵС顣
ЦطGӵʱЦŵ٩˵ģ
ͽͦСظĲգ
طGͫ׵ͻȻתߣ̲Ҳա̣ħˡ
Űǵ٩ɫӱƫƫһڴĿӶġ
ԣģġ˵
һʱˣôѽ
ͻȻǰˡ
طGͼ𣬵ڱеĺȻ⣬ֻܷԣġ
ϵ⣬ЦЦĿ꣬ͺ;͸ˡ
һߣ幬ָֻž򴽣λԵøĿտį
ź͸СһһһĵǰߣҪСԴԼ꣬űžЩᣬطGģʵܼʱİ
·ˣطGĸ첲Ц̣걧ѽ
طGܾ
ѽ̡طG첲ϵǧ
ҲúĽ
غ˵ĸ¸ֱ֡
طGͷֵü䣬ĵĲˡȳ˻ʹֱķ紵۾
ȡһߺһطGֱ꣬ÿ磬Լʵʵ¶۾羰ǷһģʲôҲ
طGЦϡ٣ͱ۱ڣܵĸˡ̱ߵƨɰĹĵľС͡
ʱСƨɣҪˣ
ԼɢҪ
ſڵţͣϽӭЦˡ
˵ϽѺͱڻϡףһߵˡ
Сڵʱ򳳳ֵģܾЩӰ죬Ҫǲߣ־
ﶼſ
ı;ޱ㡣
ϵЦֹֹסһʲôүһоô
˯ûС
ͻȻߣ˰Ҳûһſ˯
ֲô
طGҲ˯ˣͱԼ۱ţŸһԺȥ
ѺŵķϣϸĸϱӣطGߣССʣţ
ҡͷ
ⶬҲǰţЩʳ˵ˡ
һʵ̫µˣǰϰΪ飬Ϊ飬ͱ޷
Щèǰ߹ǾôȥҲͰˣҪͷָСԡأζҲ޷ҹȡůˡ
ԸţҲطG
ˮģŰСطGǳһԡ
طGһ
ſʼţ˺ϲԵ峴˿˯ˣطGǺóԣһˡ
ϿЦһ죬ǶЩɡ̧̧򢣺ҪðԽԽˣ룬ԵСӹĹĺС
طGƳһۣöӲĹġ
ݣЩ˵
֪Ǻ˵ģǲЦ˵
ùţһ԰ɢʳϦ£ߵĲϼŴ紵ɢ
϶˶ĵİȻһ˲ͱһֻȵĴָסˡ
ûϢЦˡ
ûлͷʩʩȻǰߡ
˯˰ʱԼˣڵҹɫβ̵齣౵Ļꣿ
ģȥˡ
յߵſڣŵڿɵЦˣ󰢸ˣ
ͷ
˸ϽСŮƵƣַԸҪţСѾ˸ɫʳ͵ŷԸˡ
ĲһһС뾬ףһ
ˣԹԵԼš
˻ſڴǰϣͷ
أ΢ĵâ
ֵճЩӰ;̽ͷȥһһӰܿˡ
꣡̵Ļ
ϼˣϽӿطG֣첽߹Цŵˣ
طGԼտյ֣ɵ죬Ҳǰɫ֪Լ飿
Сҡͷ
˵ʲôֲ
ЦʣùˣͷŷһԵطGˣֲˮ£ҲɣǰԵЩ֪ˣ
ʵ˵ͣϲϲˡ
ν
طGǳƬ̣ºͣİԵĻ۸ϾʱӵĻҲأǳϦദ
ͷģôӦЩСʱһĺ֣Ҳˡ
ϵͷҲ˲׹ǰֻͬһ棬ȴû뵽һ㡣
ڳԵģĺ֥ڶɽҩ⣬طGģô壬á
˻ңȥԡ;ԼҹһȸԼڼҶһ顣
˴룬ˮŻȻ֣ͶﾹȻûɵĿһԡҷԼŵĳȥˡ
Сһ˾ĺܡ
;ŵԼڱ紦ѩѣ˼գԺǽ߶ŵѩδڻ꣬ʣЩӲӲѩ顣
ѩɣˡ˵
Ͼⶬģ̫Ǹ䣬ѩǸ䣬ƵĽ
˻߽ңͼͶڵ¿һȡ
ڰરવᣬͰѶ§ڻ壬ˣЩ˼ıϽϵ顣
ÿ˵
طGӵǲŮڡ
Ҳ˵ڻ귨һ˵ɺޣβŷӦԼ
è̵˼ά
˶һۣ̲סЦˣطGҲ˵ǰСֲܶ壬ʼѧĺѧһЩʹǷɽڣ̺ɽȵƵʫʣҲߣڲ֪࿹Ķү
Ȼû׹ҡźֱס
һЦҲЩʱ飬ЩֵֹС뷨
֤ˣԵöʱɰ
ڰϣڶϣɵ档ɵͶ졣
һӻĺ⣬طG͵üͷϵ飬˲˼Ʋߣ顣
óռסôСĺӣûа취ôĿΣ״̬˯š
Ȼ
ǳǳĸ˸ԡ
ĬطGϣգǿиػǣ۾ϣ˯
ͣQAQ
˯ѽẹֲ̀СΪʲôҪ˯
˯ˡ
طG㣬תϣպգЦЪˡ
ڶδ˯ѣͱӱҹﱻǿйػֱǿп˶µġ
յı޶ѣСüͷߺҪ˯
Ů𣺡˯㴩Ѿͺá
;ı۾˯ˣԺܸоһ˫ı۰ȻһֱλƵ§ڻ
ܿ͵Ŀĵء
طG³һ˲ѹ껳أȴ˯ţֻյ
ӣӵһƼׯϣʱ˷֧¸֣߿ߣ
ҪȥˣҪȥ档
طGһƺƨɵϣ
Ȼ˾Լߣڻġ
ﶼ
ʹס
⻰š
ôСһţжأȻ˵ȶء
طG˹ƳһۣС̡
ʹס
໵һͿˡ
ſ־òԣһ߿һɵʣ̲Ӧ˲ź𣿡
طGЦ
׿һĺǣŶֵ֣
ಽĸŰꡣ
طGЦ˫޹գգ۾ֱߣֱӰѰ
طGүĸ
߽ׯӺ󣬾ͼĴˣ̫ˣôڼȡůҪ¡
ͺĶ
ͻȻһֻСèŰƳԹԵĶڵϣ֧СԴżˡ
Ŷÿɰ˫ĴССè
Сʵ̫ɰˡ
мܲס
طG־סĺ죬ֱӰ޶
ϸҧ
Сֻȴˡ
ϻͷһСè鸴ӣȻСèҡСβͣײײĸ
Զ֪⸧жݡ
Сèϣ̧һȴԶˡ
С֣Ͱ͵Լߣ뵱ס󲱾ڹ̡
طGͥŲǰߡ
һǳ飬ϲҲܷɵʱ̡
⴦ׯӱĺܺãﲻʱжûϢԺѣﾭӾѣǵ紵ݶͻٵߡ
͵ߵߵĸһǳһŵУͰ͵Ҫѽ
ˡ
·˵ҲǿԵģطGߵĺܿ죬һ͵ú͵С岽ĵڡ
ںͷҲЩ࣬ûһǼðϸү߲ˡ
źͳ˵˵طGûһᵽ紵ߵ˲䱻طGͣߡ
ͣ
ò
ֱ׵Ľ
꣬Ҫ ͼ
طGϷ˷ţס򸣽·
;Сͣͷ·ϱ˲Լߡ
һͷ
طG۱Ŷʯɫס¶ϸ֫
յǰŰĴˣ
طG
ȴǵ۽ȥ룬ôȥԡ
Ϻˣ¶һκСүһɡ
طGϵ˵̤࣬ǰȥ
ɫĮߴŷĽǶȡ
ݶʱڵķȴͷ˷ºѵļаֱ¶浥
үϸѣϸ£˶ͦæġ
ҲæҶϡ棬ƼҶµҲϡ档żȻðһ⣬ǽ˷ܵĺ޲ֱڻȥ
Ŷ̾
Ͼ͹ŴЦûʶСģ
طGſѵҴҸһŹǰȥһͰϣǴԡ
ǰ𽥳һЩɵɵСҪͣںڵĴ۾ŽŵĴк
ûתȦĿ͡
ͳ֣Ͳ˵һֻ̫Сˣûа취֣ͰСָˡ
֪ߣΧźʹת
˵ɵɵӣֹɵֱЩ
ͲɵЦˡ
ӡָСӡ
ԷΪأĻˡ
ϳ֣СԴһ۾ȥģŤͷˡ
ùĴ
Сֵõõõܻ
ãطGһֱҰãʩʩȻ߹
̧̧򢡣
۾˲ˣүˣү̫˰ȡ
Ŷ㹦
;ɵӵĶ䣬ŤͷطG¸֣꿴ҵ
طGƳһۡ
;СͣСʾϽߣһ߿Ͱ͵ߣҡ
Լİɡͳ
͹ԹԵͷȷʵˡץסˣҲһ
طGʧĽëȥ͵
һֺη
Ҳſ䣬˵츳棬ƽؾܼѡ֮ˡ
δ϶ܳɾһҵ
ڵĻѺͺļۣϾӢ۰ϼˡ
طGСԴЩ⺢ӣĶˡ
ӽطGֳȥˡ
ӣ¶ʵСۡ΢мĳһ΢΢졣
۾̫ѣʵڲô١
ǣźͣ˸󣬿ʱŵĴУм͵ζڡ
㰢ÿ
ÿҲÿ
ͱſʱ©һ˵ķ룬˵òĽȫλĿޣҪȡڸʫʡ
Сͻͦ˵Цü䡣
Լཱུţ滰
ˡ
׶˵Ļвŵĵ
ಽȴĸҲҸ̫Ӱ쵽طGӣŷ·Ͳˡ
㰢ϿطG乭һֻҰˣͼĲˡ
طGҰùˣݸһԵְѹݸԣ
ס
û뵽Լԡ
طGûͣ·ϣ;һ˵üôû칭һ¾ʮ
˴Ե˼ɿɿ졣
Ͻӹյĵط¶ȡ
칭ŸոܹС¹һвС¹һ¾͵ز
Ŷ;̾ѣûʶƴƣҶµһԣ
˵ĿţЦطGѯʵУκգ⣬ү᲻̫³ˡ
þطGСׯͻݵŮӡ
˭֪طGʵүĿ࿴Ŀ
ϱٴ칭ܹҰʸ
һС

ŴЦطGġ
طGЩѹͦ
û㼼治С
үˡЦǫ顣
ཱུͦСظһԺĲˡ
ҶסڵĿ䡣
϶ʱ˫Ҳܱӳݣ־ݵ񣬼ֱĲˡ
ֻ˸ط
ߵĶˣͱǼҲʼðҪȴϸˣ˵СӲѡ
ҪԶֵĺ
ؽˣ˲񺰵ĸ磬˾֪ԼĪСʮѰˡ
ʮ壡˫ִ״Ҳŷ󺰡
ʮ填
ƴĺ
̣ͣͣͣлľˣߣȼ˲Ĭ
һֻڰСë¿ͷǰ˸ӣźܲǰͷСë¿͵õõܵķɿ졣
أ
ˣׯӲˣūſȥׯ˸Сë¿ҪȻҲء
ط_ͰȰȵ˵һͨ治ң
ô᲻ߣطGü
ط_°ͣ죺Ϊյ̫࣬붯ˡ
ûһ֪Ϊʲôˡ
ͼͷֱطAط屴ط߱طӡ
һǸӵġ
ط_Щ顣
Сë¿⻹û󣬼û˼ںͷˡ
طGü˸أ
Ľϲ뽹
ں棬ˡ
˻طG֪˵˼
طˣϼҴڵİѰ˸ˣһϮװ̺ĴһȼյĻ𣬸žĶȾһҵɫʡ
һСôЩߣŲأȴֻܹ򶨵ǰ񣺡ϰݼɩ
Щ⣬ģļкôˣС
ϲ̧βŲšָ⣬ϸϸʣǡ
ôˣܲǵˣʱ㻹ȥ·һѻء
ǳЦŵ
⻰һ˵ʱЦˡżŤӣĲ˵ˡ
طKɤӡ
ʾʿɶֹ
ܹСԴԹԵĸŸк˵ͱһѳڻݺݵСӴˡ
붭һ󣺡ԡָرãֵֻ
͵תͷȥԼүǵҪжڣһ֣
̽͵С˵Сɵþ̾˿һ
һյʱи
طGӷ£ϵһ˿ŵ壿
ʣط_Цɬ
ʵ˵ˣټãЩ̲סһ档
Ȼͱɩ֪ҲڣҲҪ˸Ͳסֻô
Ȼ·ˣһðź群ҵҵİ£طGȴ̵ĳȥˣ
ǿ벻̡
Լһˡ
֮ܶû˹⣬ǴһڵĿӡ
ûޡ
طGƳһۣû˵ѹȴط_˵ֺõЦЦȥ͡
̵Ȼģ˾治ˡ
ʮ壬Ҫ𣿡
ʲô
档
ȡ
һʲôܸС棬ⲻ˼ҵ츳ԼŬ
û
طGĿһۣط_ʱԹӦ£Ⱦͱȡ
˵ˣҪΪѵ°ͣȵĿطG
Ҫһ²үĸÿζĻݡ
ط_
Ҳء
öĳޣڣʵڲڡ
طGֵƳһۣط_ʱʵˣȾͱȣһḻĴˣ治һС̰
Ȼ
Ϳ׾ٵĸԼɸֽǶȣûͷһ
ط_ǿǿ˸棬ҪԼ
źɵİͷֺС֧ţɰˡ
ط_ڲơ
طG棬һ£ҷĲĸļš
طGӦʹ죬ɵĿһۣ˵˲Э飺ǽҲС
ط_ֱ˵ط_ڹںˡ
Ŷĸϲ
Ϊʲôϲޣֲǹ
Ѿ֧̯ӣʼˮ裬յһԣڳôˣ˵ֻһ
طGţճǿȻһ仰˵ȴ⿴Ҫѯ
ʱ̫ʲô
طAʡ
˵ʵТڵĶҪš
ǰҪһ£õʱظΡ
˵˾ͳĬˡ
ôˣǰ껹ڿ˼öȴ
Ĺضô࣬жٸ̫ûþ档
ͼ˳˼ЦеůϣȻ»ϲģ߳ѹӰסȳʱģߵĿ϶󣬵ʱƯѽ
ǰ·
طG˼ģ߳
Ҫ͸귨ˡ
ڳ׳Ǳ͹ڣȻǲˡ
˼
طΪһĴȣⷨӺð
Цеպׯůʱ֣ʱ˵ֵһ淢ֵġ
طAƳһۡ
ⷨǴ֮ͥ˵ģʲôֽˡ
طͣôСĺӣҲɵҲͦɵ
һŵطGͼڣںӱȥɵֹµһˣʲôںˡ
ڷԼĺɰǵװһţţÿԳԡ
ط_ˡ
˵ʮһڳ
Ϊȡ̶̵ָ̣ľ롣
ˣţɵݸ
ط_һ̣ûŶ
ͣԼտҲС֡
һƭӡ
ӡ


30 
ûû, һһɡ
С֣˵νĻȦȴĺˡ
èô, û, Ͷ, ʹôһȻƭˡ˵ԣСҲ⣬͸ˣ˵ҧһڵģֱƭܸС
˳ӡ
طGίͰ͵, ˹سһ, ͷһ㲼
طķߣӵ֣, Ͽš
ط_û̵ĸ, ϲۿĿСӡ
ӵȻҪ档
ɰ
ȻͳԵ, ط_޷ĻͷͼԼҺĸ칭һֻʸֱֱ
ط_Ťͷܣδɻ, ˣǵ÷衣
СܴߣŲҪվԭذᡣ
طGת㹴˹ǣ۾, ͼʸbiuƨϡ
Ŷ

̾Ͳҽһͬط_ƨɱ
˶ʱЦ
ҲЦһЦ͵
һᣬϾһĴط룬޲ֱŪط_һ١
ϸϽ壬ԣȻؼ˶ŪһڴͷʱԳԡ
ҡͷ⡣
Ȼ켫ˣǲСҪȻʮ˵Ҫһڣ޷ĸ
Ǳһ̣̬ˡ
ӡ
ġ
ط_ԼƨɣԶԶģſʼʮĺӶ򣿡
оƨɶˡ
طGƳһۡ
Ȼһ仰û˵뵶һ˵ڲסġԼԼ棬˲ɡһƤҪʮٱ
ط_һر죬Լĸʮ£ĥĥĴչĺ͵СԴպ壺Ȼȥˣһ䡣
áգգ۾ʣƨɻ𣿡
ط_ʱסԼƨɣƬ̺µɿѹ
ͰŰСû귨ƨɡ
ط_
㰢ѾˣҪҺܾڳɡ
˵ʱЦط|٩Ŀط_Цŵ˵үҲ㡣۸ôӣûе㵱ӡ
طҲ϶ĵͷ
˹ӡ
ططKЦҪŵܵСᣬʹ˾᲻ˡ
Ƣºͣûڸˣᶯһָ
˵Ҳǵ٩һ¡
طGĿ䣬ط_ڣܾʱ乭ƨǿµĺܡ
ʱﴦˣȥ׽˼ֻȥׯ˲ˣŴһյءԭտ
ôˣҪĵ಻٣ӻһһ˺һůůӡ
룬ССڵš
Ŷ
סڵĸп
ϿЦһȰĺ޲õγˮȵ㣬ҪҪι
طǽ崺Цһգûôᣬղĺۡ
Ƭ̼䣬Ҷû취ȥעط_ǿڱ˿
ˢۣƤⱻɢ֬ͷ۵ζһ𣬱ŷһ޷ܾζ
е㰡ط_˳ӡ
طG˹ǺеġָһԵС¹ɩԵġ
үԡ
۸˶ӣô˼˶
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31 
۾Ҫ顣
ѡ۾, 뿴ֽͱʡ
طGƳһۣû˵ԭǶ, 
Ȼط_һʱҲ, Ҳ, ˯ȥ, ȥˮ
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϶ŵĹ, ЦŵʮĳԵ㶫Ǹӣɾö
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԰ɡϿطGһֱۣͦ, ʳ, СʮģʾϽ
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ط_QAQ
軵ĳź֣ʾԡ
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쳭Сߡ
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طGʼɫһûз֡ǵһЦȴй¶֮ĻҪװҲѡ
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СӹͷôõıʣȻ
º͵ͷˣȻŷóԵģ
ա͹ɵӦ£§ſĲӣһ˵ʲô⼸ճдʱ򣬲ͣΪ귨ϣ귨ܳ꣬綫ٱɽСȰȵĿɻ˵ˡ
طGһۡ
Ҳ֪Ǹ˯˯˳ԵС˭
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ѽ
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ϲ޵ӣЦŻ˻ļҲЦ
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ԶĹʣ¶һſͦĲź͵ߵߵܹȥ̫ӱڻ
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طG٣Ϊͳʲô⣬ųͼҴҽˣȻɫԾɳȣüۼȴڲסĽ
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밲ͷд˵ҽˣεֵҽˣػصİóĽ۾Ǻúõġûд󰭣һֱʵԭ򣬻ơ
üˡ
ʱطGƽŵĴ಻࣬δõġ
࣬Ŷ˯
ڼأԵĲ˵ѹʻǲ⡣ȻҲͦ⼸նš
ξΡ

طG룬ȴģɫ
Сüͷ壬Լûã͵ݸطGţ˲䣬ɫƽ
ĵһطG
طGȴЦˣźͣ˸ƣ̬ȱ任ô죬ǵģͷһѪĽܸо
˯İȣҲ˿طGıͼ֣Ҳ£ƽעЩϸô¡
طGһʹü۴
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ڹϻرո
ˣġزʡ
طGһͣЩΪѣƽҲͦҪܴܲһ룬֣̿Ȼͬ˵ԲסүȥӸ̡
;ס
ȴ⣺еҪ
ٽҪͶˡ
̫ӳꡳôն޷طG£顣
ҪǺʱ䣬޵ʱѲáȻȥúĺ͡
طG
ǻʵۣ˵㡣
ˡ˵
ʱ°סֲɡźͰ׾Сζӡ
㲻ˣ¶һ˿ϲɫ
ڹҲɣŵëֻҪ岻ġ
ǣ˵ݻطGƿڡ
̧ƣͷһƣ
طG˵
Ѻֱ᲻ϵζĽϲ
طGתȥüͷ£ͱƽȵ˯ˡ
ȺˣСüͷԼĸ첲ˣ
𾪣Ϊʣ
аζֳСţرࡣ
СҶ
ԶСʲôˣԹԵĴչԡԹԵŵι귨Ҳԡ
һһڣٺ̣;ԼԲСӣЦ㡣
󡣡Сȥ
ڵϣЦˣһζ
ͺٺЦԹԵԿ飬С漫ˡ
ſžЩ뵽̲סЦͬĳμհ֣½Σǽ˿Цá
Զ׹ġ
һ䣬Ŀʼ飬кʹףѧȽϼ򵥣ûͦ˼ġ
кܶ뷨úõĶ飬úõĲ⣬İǰĶ̳
ϣԼصèʱڣٱץŰˡ
ȭһҪúõĶ顣
Ӽ϶ཱུСɵЦˣʵ̫˼ˡ
ȻûһղŻ׳־˲˫۷ſգĳҲ֪Щʲô
ȡɤӡ
̵Ļ˫귨˵ʲôζ
˵кȹתֻأûȻˮˡ˼ˡ
ҲĥΣȴ֪ʲôζ޲֪
֪ʲôζ˼ĿſͷĿڣ귨ûоñһ

˲亹ë
˵СܿһĶĿʲôһ
ûСɤӶøɬ
һ˲䣬˺ܶܶࡣ
̵ŶһһҲûС

رˣ³˫ȻģҲޣһ˾Ҫ롣
žһƺںཱུСƨɵϡ
ͣQAQ
ôˡ
طGͲο챻귨ƨƨˣۣҪࡣ
û
̧ͼģͦ˵ӡ
ࣿ

طG붼ľܾˡ
ΪҲˡ
ܸˣȴҲӣ̵ʶʲô¶ǾҲɣҲɣƼûƼһʵζܡ
˵ӴС쾭壬˵ˣҲûĵ㡣ͣŹӡûС
Щֵںǰһ綼
Ҳǡ
طG룬ûסžһں͵ϡ̶ʱˣĹĵСϴ
һƬҹɫУŴһյţǵƾšطGƼü۾ﶼǸͷš
˷ܵĳǰȥĺһ
Сȵڵķɿ죬ȳ嵽ϸǰʱַŻŲͣǰŰС

Сô𣬰϶ЦˣүȴǵĺɶӸˡ
Ҳˡ
Ϲһ㱧ͣȴطGˣ۱һ첲ĻԺߡ
;Сͣ㣬һߴĸ״귨̣Ҳ̣
òһ̡
ӻ˫
ϲ˵үܲԼˣʱüһһ˫ˮ۵ʱͺɷЦүԽĽˡ
ǣͣСһ˦Ťͷˡ
طGײһᡣ
Ե
˿첽ʧǰطGҡͷʧЦƵĸȥˣߵſڵʱ򣬾ͼԺǰͷһص·ŸСѾߣ͹ڵϣСūǶ԰С࣬СЩรиһ
С࿴үŲֱͣӴǰԹ˶ҪʧˣȻת˲䣬Էͣ½Ųһϲ
˵ˣͳĮ
СһſڵϣŵүĻһ㲻ûд
ǡЦ
̧ˣСļУ˳ŷϣÿԲ
ǰСε£δ׷ú裬ʲôС粻ǲȥ̫ҽ
ϽԺڽ磬һԵСŮ͵ü˳۵Ļأ˵Ƕ԰С·ϣү˵
Ϸ磬š
·Ҳ죬һ²ԼǺӲȻү͸ȥˡ

ͰСԴ껹δء
Ͽγ˫һᣬô˵첻ˡ
æáЦᡣ
͹ԹԵͷٳԵ㣬Ȱõ㣬ҪȻһŶµ
ЦЦû˵
µġ
һ𣬸ϴ֣ǰĹ֨ѽһͱƿˡ
ߴӰЯźһƬڰл߹ǰɫĳϵİŹ
꣡;ϲĺȫ˷Ż
ָָϣ
طGһ˶棬СȰȵģ˵æɶæģɶϱҪ
߶߶˵ŻСҲûţźԵ͡
طGݸһзư
ͽӹ̵ĳ˲Ҫ˵ʲôطGϸڵķ˶һۡ
Ĳү
ΪæˣȽкͳԡ
үæ
˵䣬˾Ͱţŵʱر棬˲ϱġ
ڸĸİӿû֡
Եĸ¸㡣
ĸвˣطGһۣ峴źοһۣʾζǳŨ

ղܣһʱҲûô׻˸еʱ򣬾ǽЩ
ģˡ
طGУʣǲǲ
ﲻ̫ҽ̫ҽͳɤӺ
ϿӣůůģǵС˲ȥ˶̰ĵģůζץ
طGҲе
û¡
ϵ⣬ССôһ˵
˶һۣûסЦˡ
˺˿԰ɡϽĺطGһۡ
˵˵ȥ˵Ĵ
طGӣƵĺࡣ
ţЪϢһͽС£ŽطGȥϴ
µŵŵŵܳϸ˵ԹԵı𶯸Ͻ˯ȵĺ

˯ˡ
ŷô죬Ϊֶ˯һ˲˯·ϡ
̫ɰ˰ȡ
ڴͷطGӺͷʩʩȻ˹¡
˲Щˣ΢˶Ŵ˵ýܸܵϳȵ£ζ
ѶѬģϣܾһֱĺš
ʲô£ʡ
լŮûҲԽˣһСģҲǻصϡ
˵СЩ̹طGڵ
ü̫ҽû
طGͷһԵʢԷϽش𣬷žˡ
ߣȥơ
Ȼ˵ˣȻҪȥƵġ
طGԸȥôۻһˣˮ˽ţ§Ÿڴ϶̹
˵Ҫȥ͸ˡ
˾ţǵƣūţʩʩȻ԰ȥһߵĲ첻ľ͵ɢˡ
ǰʱ򣬻԰СѾ߾ϲ죬үˡ
ϾͿ廨ЬͼˣϹžϲЦݣʱЩʧ䣬ǿжɫº񣺡檸ү밲λãͷһˡ
ЦЦСˣ
Ƭ̻ңβ˼ż˵̫ҽơ
ü˳۵վš
ŶһͽȥС磬ĸµСӤСȭͷ˯ĸſɿɰġ
С˵ģϾ֪Ҳдʡ
һŵϣЦŵû¸ĸѧѧӣ˵˵ǵʱԼ㡣
ϵʱһס
ͨһڵϣ˵ҲŵСװףҸӣڸǰģʵ
һøһɱʿ
ֻҪ仰ϸţҪ˼ţϾ⺢ӵ£ûС¡
ĿһϣЦ겻󣬱ͷС磬⾫񲻼ãЩ
˵Żͷˣ˲ΡΡΡ顢ˮ̫ҽĸ
Ͽ˸ͷƣߵл͡
ϵһˣ˯ɡ
˵תˡ
طGƳһϣֿͿ֬ϣһɱʿеףۣѧѧ
˵˦ˡ
Ͽһǰһˣү߼׷Ͽ߳԰ĸţǵƣˡ
ϣŰСֻʣ֬Ŀĺ죬ЦˣùȻۡ
ϳվ̾˿
򸣽ƶγɵĶݽˣ׶ٵ߽⡣
ϻԺ·ϣϣššϸϸü⣬ںԺôš
ЩЩ಻סϽһ𣬶ϺһСߵý
Сġͳ
һ˫ʵı۰ס
ϳ̽ʣǰȥԣ˵˵ѡ£ǸҲҪˣ͸ףҲðš
紵ģҹ͸ǵ䣬ŸţůڻãĹͷűӵĸо
˵⻰ʱϵĵġ
طGһס֣Ѵµļϣڵðš˽ˡ
ϱָ⣬ȴڲ£ðţǽݸߣÿźš
ÿ޲ӽң˲һȽ棬Ѭ۽Ƕˮ⡣
ȣѽ
Ͽ첽߽ң§źź壺̲²ŶﱧζǼٵġ
Ǽٵѽ
ſǻҲ̲סȦԸجεԼҲк
ȣȡȴûͣ
סС֣۵ֱúõĺӣôš
طGҲ˲òϵˮֱ£ʪյľͳˡ
ϽǰѺͱڻѹͲȣͲȡ˯˯ɡ
һ;Ͱ
üͷչ԰׵ɫҲָ󣬰˯
ޡطG۱źͣڳŽϲᣬȻүޣү˯ǡ
ҧҷ۵Ĵ꣬۵ʹشűǻһ
ĵĲˡ
ֻҪӺãԵʲô
úһֱĵġ
طGѺͷڱ£ѹȥѵ£ˮͼü۵ʹذ׵Сӣһһĸš
Ͳˡ
ϵļؿ
һʱֻвĦϲˣùϣĸͷ
طGס֣ƣү
šдſһ
Ϩ
ȺˣԼԹԵͼطG˯㡣
ſҶɨڱ˯𳳡
С˯磬˯ó٣أɫ磬ֲϳ˯
۾˯š
Ҳ뱧Ŷ˯
طGļͷǴɽһסͨ·˹Сӱѽ꣬굽ͷʱСӶͷ갡꣬Сﻳ
ǸоֻҪ§ڻ˯ȥҲ۾ڶĻ˯ˡ
طGһ˯ѣԺԼ̣˸գý˵ҲŲһ
ͼ
ԭﰲ˯ŵĸź˯üЩԼŵϴȥˡ
˻ᡣ
Ͳ֪ԼҪᣬӶﻳ̣౵˶üڡ
Ͼ§Цˣ
͵ͷ
Ȼ
˾ϴһţū˵幬С̫ţҪСߡ
΢ô£
֪ҡͷ˵Ҫȥðӻ
ȥ
ͼһʮ廹ˡ
ϲ귨ȥҲܲˣϲԼءȻȽ֪ԭѹ顣
һȥͱ鷿
ͷźܶСܲͷʮ尢絽ʮ߰ط񣬶۾
˼ۺ졣
Сһ񣬳ֵˢˢ֪̽˵һ꣬һˡ
һʹܵ˾һ
طŭԣҲˣźŭĿӡ
һûѩζĻ귨ˣøһ飬;ͦѵġ
ҲųŭĿӡ
ײģһ۾ˡ̰ƴĲϵס
һȦͺˣ귨㡣
յ壬§ĴȾͲ֣СԴ롣
طס
ôҵģ
ͻȻеˣȥħֲĴȡ
ָС
ѧʲô˭˭÷վ
طٴδס̨̽ʶ顣
ͻһģأСȰȵ˵˸˾Ųʮ
ͷ
ط񣬶طʲôûֻŶԺСȻʲô˵
طˡ
ߣվǽǴ˵
ûΪʲô᣿
ͷ۾㣬
ܣ֮Ӱ죬ǲ󣬶ҲøлĺͣҪᣬܹ⿿
˵࣬˰ķıϣ˴СԴˣſ

ôСޣƽﲻѧʲô͹ĥˡ
ſҲӰ˵˼
ʮʮĶĿбӣȴҲŶСֶӵľҲ̫˰ȣȻҳŽк
ҡ
Ѻͷ£Σȥ꼶ˣ绹ûҵʮİط_ͺѽҵʮ
꣬ŵһ飬ϽãͼڸԼʵ
ط_ֱֱĶ̽ȴ룬··
ȻĽŲͣſڡ
ط_ĿбӣֻҪ񲻶ϣץȻͼƵ۽ԽԽͣǰ
ꡣֺõЦЦ
һԵʮЦΪ˱Цϵı鼫Ť
ط_ٴС
ָָ飺װˡ
ط_
õˡĮ
ط_æҵĵǵˣ֪ˡ
ʮ˸ọ̈̄ڱסЦˣȴѹû
ͼһתĮٴ𣺡ʮˡ
ʮΪթ
ͷһЦϡ


32 
ڿѹȸʮ, յվſڣСſСʮ߶һۣ˶Щˡ
һ˦ˡ
СХ, ˶Щ䣬סض, ط_СүڿҿҶ, żȻͱ׽ס޳
˵, ¸¸µЦ𣺡ö졫ߡ
Լָϵ⡣
ط_ߣߣӣƤСү㡣ڵ̧򢡣
̽ͷĿСԴ᲻ߡ
̽ȥô, һС̫, үͽ, ڻ, ɼĽ
ϿεʱҪλ, ߡ̽͡
͹ԹԵͷ
յ¿εʱ, ſھͳŹӰһ͸, յܹȥ, СԴЦܹܰ
, Źͱȥ, ·ٹԱ, ͶĿš
һƼյĳĻ, 귨
¹ŵĳ
ʲô
ͼֱӰѺ͸ĸǵЦһϿΣ𣿡
ĿĵĿ˵ģ𣿡
ֹЦ
ѵǰƣЦſڣȳԡ
ȴ񣬴ַʼ£һʱ䴽ǹս㼺;š
Ҳ֧Ŷɫ漫ˣһϣС֣Ķ˲óˡ
۵ľˣʹŹӹյȡ
ȻĻˣﶼˣﱲͷүϲıռҵĵӡ
ſϣմˮд֣ġſ֣ûͦ˼ġƼˣһһĸд˼֣úõĶġ
޳ǽڵݹֽţ͹ԹԵؿʼġд˼ֿ֣ϵ飬

ɻĿС𣺡Ƽޣ̸ܼױ
òһеġ
̸·ϣ̸·ϡ
һţ
ȳˣͶʱŷӵбʣ˸ˣҪȥ
˵յȥԺ˺üȦ
ס
СӾ㡣
洫С̫ͷ
񱼣ͼһϮźɫװĵʩʩȻ˹Цúӣ
֡ĺһǰк
ȼվЦ˵֪ڴˣ֪͸ЩСˡ
䣬˵ΪľСʮĵĻ£ﶼǰʮ裬¸֮ء
ȻǰĸҲ˵ϲǲģִЩʱգϾͷһΰ£ʵ
ЩǶˣ˵˵˵
Цɡ
ûʲôҲȦ˸ѡԼ
˵꣬͵СԴŸȥ
ȥӰȴŵͷһδϣ̲ӡ
ʲôǵá
ͷůҲͦ˼
ʮ塭˫ͼ顣
С峺ӣЦС˾ʲôͼ̶֮ˡ
ԼСĿ
ˣȥǳʮŴ֡ڵ
ŸͣЦŻǲúö飬ÿնҪһŴ֡
ָͼһ٣Լ꣬ʿʮָǲʱˡ
ָ˼С̫һ֣ǿ蹻һ١
QAQ
ʵ̫ˣԺ϶ԹԶ顣ݺĺ˶ˡ
ЦȴһĿ䣺ͶˡཱུС鶼
飬һݣͰá
˵Ц洫һȣʱЦݣˣɡ
ͺſڡ
ſ߽һ꣬΢ıͷգüۼȴĵЦ밲
ˣ֣µ꣬Цŵˣ
ûʲ°ôȽ˸ϲϵġԼ˵˷ȥһ⣬ʵ˲ټʶ
˵ŷС
ͷʮ岻ǲô˵ھׯײܼ硣
鶯üǳЦźС̣ӵļԾǶ̣ŶòûȻ𾢶ˡ
СŬԺѰطļأ˵ĺʮӰ룬ӺطļҲмأ䣬ͥǣϦ۴ȳʿ֮ڵѧۡ
֮ĹϵõĲˡ
Ķط飬ž;ϲĽСȥطһ߾̫̾ÿ˰ȡ
˶͸һ
ط鲻ɵüЦˣ͵СԴӻͳһֻСϻݸЦŵǰŵġ
ССϻд¡
һӾϲˡ
úÿ
طЦ̡
ְ̽ﱧţཱུС֣ʣ˷ȥϲװڰĶɲˣ
˵ط鷴ԥװѧĸҹӣǮѴѵ鰵࣬Ľ˴Ŀġ
Сʲô֪ˡ
ĬĿһۣŷСɨš
ſţɫ棬û˵Сյ
ȥɡ˵
طżʱ򣬿ֵš
ط鹧ͷʩʩȻˡ
㽻֪⴫˵еʮлҪܳЩ
ͻȻᵽ̫ӵĸоˣͷֵܸ㣬ڵߣԶҲ֪᲻˶ȡ֮
̺ȣԹ϶ҪԱˣֱ㡣
ڿ˯ˡ
˯㣬ͱ޶˵öȥˡ
QAQ
飬˯
ȻûأС̫౧鷿ȥ
ߵſڣͼ֧ӣʮʮһд֡
ıܹЦ
ѽÿ
ô˵ط_ŴȭͷСȭŶ
;Сͣб۾귨˵ˡ
̲µĸ״ʮԭѩϼ˪ʮˣط_ڷܱʼ顣
ԽԽˣͰѺҲץһ֡
ףһ֣϶Է
ͣQAQ
ˣίͰ͵վڵ֡
Źʱط_æҵҪס;ŵС죬Ǳˡ
ֱˡ
ֶһٿֵĻӣ˴˶ġ
ǰɵùЦ͵СЦô죬ͻȻÿú档
ίͰ͵ľ͵ᣬָŭԵʱɰ
һͼϴԣ귨㿴ıԲԡ
ǣ㰢ı˵ġ侲ء
һҭٴξ㿴ǴϹͷŽѪ׶Բԣ
ϸġ侲
Ϳ˼ڤ룬ηˣԿĲǣֻ˵ķݡ
طG߽ƼһԵط飬üЩ᣺ˡ
ʾͺ˼
طһĿڸ̨ϵĺ꣬ͼЦϲ뽹סˣȴס
ǷֿҲҪͨţҲһ²ټʲô˵֪ô¡
ߣطճȥ죬طG˵ġòô¡
طЦ۾ģղĸˡ
Ա﹣ŲӺɼܵʮıȣططG֮Ĺϵ׽ЩС֣һ
ǣŰ־ˡ
طGһط飬ɨţϡ
תȥ
طȣڿǰȴ
طGͷ̧ͷ߻ϦͻȻͳ𣺡Ϧ޺ãֻǽƻ衣
̫ӾͬϦ
ϰ
Ǹõط
֮硣
̫ϲҲϲ˶֣Ϳ˭ϱץסˣǵʱܾ˵ˡ
طG۾
ôƯϦ˭ӵС
ͻСͲģ˵Լһʮ壬ֱʮһѣָͷϻëӡ
С˵ŻطGţʱһС𣺡ҲҪ𡣡
طGһ
Բƨɵϵ⣬˵
ȴ
Ͳ˵ˣطGͷŰСϦĹϣż
ߵոƼſһӰ˿ŵ¯
ͳ
ϻеʱ˼־ү͡

͵ʱŵŵŵܵǰӻͳСϻ԰ڣʮ͸ҵġ
ϲġ
طGüͷү
Ǳ˹ĵŹİ³
ͰСϻݸЩĵĶúõѽ
Ĳġ
Ͼյֱֵһ¾;ѹ
طGһϸĴţɫЩӡ
Сϻ

ⲻǽϵ⣬ǣĻ
Ȼ̧ͷֱķ
˼ˡ
̽ϰ
һСϻݸͣˣš
ʮطھкǺ䶯һʱȻСʰ֮Ĺϵرá
Ҫף
طGҲˡ
ˣǴ̫ӵ˼ʶ˶ţֱһ˵Ƕıո档
ͺȥʱ˵䲻ˣط
͹ԹԵͷ
¿κ󣬹Ȼط̵굥ļͷһĸ졣
Ϻ𣿡
ĵ𣿡
Ҷ𡣡
ط鲻죬һһˣһЦŵǻҪѲʱ㳤ˣͿԸһȥꡣ
žֱطһѹὭˡ
СͲһܴ⡣
͹ԹԵͷĵ
˲УطAЦŵʱһ󣬱籧Żŵÿޱӡ
Ҳ϶ǸСЩǲˡ
طҲЦСʱ򲻶¡
ڸöˡطA۾
˵˼䣬ƼոĴţЦ˵ԵͶʱ
밢ˡ
̣һŮ𣬰˸Żףĳط黳ӹͣЦŵ˵ûҾˡ
üụ̂ʵĻš
;;ҲƯ
طü
ЦԶˡ
ſԽԽ࣬ڸطк
˵Ҳ˼طGûʲôɫԵҪֵʱܿ
ʹڸм䣬СĺͮͮġҲ֪˭һڣС̺Ĵ֬ӡӡ
˸;üˣҲһڣ׶Գơ
߽Ժط룺

ƽüԵĸϺ;ͱָᡣ

Ǽ磬˵Ҳ̫£ֺǺǵĿš
ʮأطʡ
طGüš
ڴʱ洫һƣĽæѽ
طAԣϽ棬綼ˣֵȻҲҪŶ
ˣ
˳ȥͳĬˡ
ͼط_ڵϵţҪҲߵǸúõģ쵽ոˣŵ˾͸ҲûãŲ
ſٵˣֱӰŹˡ
ˣ
طGɫӣβŻ㾢ͦ󡣡ֻģ
˵˵;ס
ط_һЦˡ
طGɫӣû㡣
طAϽԲ˽͹ԹԵڰ껳һĴ۾ˡ
岮ѽĴкŶ
ɿɰСģǰȻˡ
˸ûסѺͱЦϡϡǳԡ
ĺһĺӣǿ;ϲҪá
ϾûЩգһδʵĽûüúõ㡣
Ϳ񣬾;Сװ˸ҶСҪġ
˸
զС
˶Цˡ
ЦɬȴǺѺͱڻʣ
͹ԹԵͷ
طGһۣСΣСһڶС黰ȥˡ
طʱЦˣʹҲÿ֪ѹϸģ˵Ҫһĺӡ
һͨ䡣
һת˵˵ʮҲáĺÿҲã䣬ҲϲĽ
˵ϲ˶Цط΢΢һЦСһͷû˭Ⱥ͸úϲôõĺӣ˭˭ϲ
ţС˵Ĳ˵
ڸǰһӺϺܶŬİţǰСѾ˲٣ȴûͣ֡
˸ʱڹעϺҲʼŵȻūȥ
˭֪
аŰõϺʣͻĸϺպպϣƵǰԡ
ϿϺЦһֻۣԹóԵϺ
óԺϺ޹أֻΪǺָġ
˸ǰС룬һ̾Ƕ࣬װ׵İôϺûͳȥһ¡
ʳһǳĵ£ʱ̣ðϺͲϳЩǴûԼĺӻ๫԰úԼԡ
ΪطGҲˣպպϣٷŵǰС
˸ˡ
ͷţȥ
ͻʣﻹʲôѽ
ԼԣԱˡĽγˮ
㡣
طG˹ز˲֣žٱƣطЩˣׯҪʲôûʲô
һ
һƱ¶ǣյʱһ
ϱоˮһһڵţ˼ڣŴż˺Ⱦơ
ˣԼ档
˸ֱźͺһ꣬ЦҲ֪ͳҪԵŮ
ڵģ󡣡
һ仰˲ͱѣüֱƨϺݺݵһʲôҲ˵
ԼۣźȦˡ
ͷתοѹԹԣһ˵ˡ
˸Ҳһε˵һˡ
͹ԹԵϻ
ɫڳ
ոƣһĵñոбľɫ
磬ͷ¡˼䣬ÿһͿ
˸̸ݵ
ҹˡ
Ĵ˸Ƿϻһ˲˯ˡ
˯졣˸ˡ
иġϸϴԡҳ壬һ˯ˡ
һȻڵվš
Ŷ˸̾Ϊֹȫû뵽ֲ
ô˯ŵģ档
̯֣֪еһ˯ŵģ˯ʱ档
СӵҪж
ڱǸʲôƣЦŵ
˸˯𣬾ѹ˯ˣ
ҡͷĽӡԼ˯ˣ¶Сָͷǽָͷ
˸۶ˡ
úܲ˼顣
˵Żͼ洫С̫˵үɢˣһȥ
Ͼ͸Ͻȥ
ˣطGʩʩȻ˽Щ죬ȴؿ

ţ
طG۽Щŵǳľζ
ס򢣬ϷӦֱĻ
꣬Լֿ
Ħ̺Ĵ꣬βӺˣǼҲ߳ϸ
طGɫָ̺죬βͿббĿſϣɤƣԡ
ܵգȥˣȻֶ룬ȥ顣
գա
Ͼ̣ɵʱĥĥ䱳ҲͰˣɣСܲס
塣
һ˯ֵĲˣҲ
ڴϷƬ̣ͻȻ䷴Ӧ꣬զҲڣ
ҪȻҲ˯ô
Щ£طGüģüͷ
һ˫ϸС־һʣүͷۣ
طGͷ
ϺȾƺȵЩˡ
˯ʲô˯˾ܵĽ
Ͻ˸һˮЦŵѵü˯ôá
ʱү˯Ǳȥ䴩ģ³ˡ
طGһ
ѵˣɳơ
һ죬̵ɤɻ
󾲾һţЩ䣬Сִ꣬۰Ͱ͵ܸ㱻𣿡
Ǿ룬̰ƨ¶档
طG΢ȥɵЦ԰Ҳ̻ſϣһЦŵɲ̡ܶ
ͱЩ͸¸µЦ

һʱɲסˣҪŪʳԣطGסˡ
̾ͳɡ
ţ;طGȥоŶͷΪľġ
Ϊ갮СһһС۵ġ
طGһ
ͫ׵һĴ۾̽ʣܹɡ
طGȴ϶ͷ
ͿԼͼҲͷɵþˡ
QAQ
ᡣ
һһ𣿡ͣоûô
š
طG档
ԭŽɵĺ˲ƴϻＷ˿Ͱ͵Ҫﱧ
ʧķˣǵý̫ҽյߣССƭСǼٵġ
ϵʱЦ
ˣ͵ݸȡ
պȹͷ˵ʮʮİˣڱ䡣
طGʱüͷǱ䣬Сʮˡ
ڴǰ򿪴⿴ͼ˴Ĳɿϵѩɨˡ
ط_ط飡
˸ϽӧǹһͷͼطG°׵£ڴǰĵĿˡ
ȥţЦŵůů͡
ŵůڵġ
Ҳ磬Ųë޵ĵ̺ϣطG;ǰŭĿӡ
ţɡ
ط_ҲطŭĿӣ̫ˣ
ЩʱڣĹϵ࣬һŬ׷ˡ
ʲôĸԶϲط顣
طº͵ЦţЩµġ
ûеĵط_͸ˣһȭͷˣ˵Ťͷˡ
طGؿֿʼŤͷ۵üġ
ط鰺ͷǰĸѣһߵ׻С
Ͻ˸Ͻţһǳʮڡ
ѾȲˣȴǹԹԵȰꡢʮ塢Ҳ£Ŷš
һģļӿͷǸЦģط顣
ţһûС
طʮģԣƫ֫ϸ꣬Ű׾˹ġ
ͺϲ
ô岮ϲľʮʮġٴһ岮оǳ˵Ľթˡãǻϣӳⷽ١
ٺ١Ц
طGƳһֵۣͷš
һȥˡ
ѵ壬ֺãȻҪתת˷ܣվڰʮ֮䣬һһֻɡ
ѼܿЩ
Цĸ¸㡣
طGȺĿ⣬Щˣſͬš
һȺ
Ҷ壬档
ֻϵԼ̡
кɫǺ͹ԹԵŴĸ˴кž׺ͼˡ
طG⡣
ɿǣź͵֣̤ߵĸ˵ˣ˽ߡ
طҡͷʧЦˡ
Ҳͺ͹ɶ£˶ڴߣڵ꣬ɵϴˣ͡
Ȼ
طGͷ˶࣬ǻȥ̿ˡÿε־ǣסˣûС
תȴҲ̡
ŽطGһ£أ
һҲŻһ£ͷȴҲˡ
һ˲䣬ȶˡ
طҲɫ䣬ղŻϵţɲǵĹ򣬺ӾͲˡ
ʢڼ󣬱Ⱥʱ򣬾ͼԼүɫࡣ
ȥҾᶽ
˰Ѹͻȥ
طGһԾϸ̨ĴѲ̣߮ȴôҲҲ
üͷ
Ծ֣߬żˡ
طҲϸ̨ϷͼڸߴȴҲǸQСӰ
ҲЩˡ
طG˿źú󣬿Լ֣ﲻ֪жڣΪʲôҪͿ͵С֡
ݺݵǽ
ϱųѪҺ
طGѲΧĻͼҳȻͨ˴·ʲôû
룬طϽȥᶽھжǵú׼
һڸصѰҡ
룬ʹ˿̵ľ
͡
ˡ
߹հ˹յ˺ܶ·ڼ任˺ܶ˱
һĻ
ӴǸСӡŮ
͹ԹԵĴţûû֣ԷòԣͰ۾Ĳƿˡ
޲˲
Ů˵ʱϡĲˣӴ濡Ρ
˵仰ҪӴǳβĺ
ͽĴš
б׽ߵľԽǷԽǰ򣬵Ȼ㲻Ҳ
죬ɬһЦ㡣
ŴСŮӺǺЦˣָΣתԸȥҸƵСҪš
գգ۾ɵվš
Χĳͼ洦ɼķӺ㣬ŮϹŷ飬ȷʵػͷ¡
翵´ǰգգ۾ŰСŮӡ

Ů²б̫ʦϣüüָǰΣĵŮ䣺ԣҾͰɹģôƯĺӣ϶˰ɡ
ͣ
ú¡
ˡ
Ҳ밢ˡ
Ҳ귨ˡ
ؼң
ϡ
ŮӼУɫϵĴ붼ɨڵϣǶॵ
ֽൽǰϸĴѣͻȻɫ䡣


33 
ʹѳ, ЩƽƽûлƯĽ֯ߣϸϸ, ȴܿͬ
£ָϸЩͼıԵ͸Ź⡣
˲俴˿
Ůһ˿С, ƽ᲻, ͲŻڳ
ʲôüۼ京ʡ
СһԣأջƣɫĻơ
ŮƳһۣʲôʲôģ
ģմģֻеŴ, ˫ˮ, Ų⡣
ŮЦˡ
̺Ĵ, ׵ָСֺǺǵأͣ㻹ͦۡ
Ůϲ
ʹס, ĻƵ, żȻĹ, ЩշŮӣȴ
ţ㡣ԹӦˡ
ף˵ҪҸ൱Сʲô˼ˡ
ŮЦŽ, ¶۵һСȶǣҲǸ͡
ٴ㣬ˡ
ЦѾȲδĳˡӱ
͹ԹԵͷ
ŮӼһֱƳһۣЩȤԼˡ
̵ߵǰ򿪴⿴ֻһۣ۾ˡ
ɽ
䷿ӵı󣬾һƬԺӣڶǿݰ֦ܵܿʱضһƬƯĻ
˼
ֲŮӸţû·Ƕ͵ɽ£ǰһСӡ
ĺ˵ﶼס̽ŴԺӣҲû˹ܡ
ͶʱЩڴĦŮӵô¡֪˭Ŀȷֱӽߣ
ǴŪȻֺڣҸ൱Ск
ǳıոģǣֱӳġ
˿ԹԵİСڴǰͷڵҹڵ١
ȵסطGȴҪˡ
Ҳܲˡ
úọ̃ͻȻ˵ʧˣôС֪ҪԶٿ࣬ܲһҲ¡
һط˵ǺӶˣжҲҪҵ͡
ͻؼҵϸǿ޵۾׳ɺһӿʪһһ
ȥң뿪ĸжܡڵĴ
һ룬;ĵܡ
ֻһƽ糿ģ΢ã˭뵽ᷢ¡
ܣطGǲضá
ڸţصһˣȻڸѰҡ
ȻûС
ʲôûС
ƾʧһкδӰ
طGƽͷһγ͹ζ
ڿͷ
ŮڸϳԷǰĲһв⣬ھµֻ˺һͷ
ͷЩɰͣЩҭĻţͶһһڵĳˡ
Ů˹Цˣ˵ͷ᲻㣿
ʹͷɡ
ΨһĵӣⰢҪûӦҪǵġ
˵ҪǿСʬ壬᲻᣿Ůž;˷ܵĽ͵ɱ̲סҪɱһ
Ҳ֪Ŵ
㣬ΪʲôҪץңͷЩҭʹ˴ؿڡ
ϵ
㰢ʧǮȻҪ֣áŮͲʹ죬ɷž˦еĿӣĮʲôٿӡ
ʹջߡ
ԹԵĿͷޱȻԼ̣ҪܺһǶ
ȵˣŮüȥǽ˯
˵ӸһСӡ
˯ţںֱͣıӣһӣ˯ȥ
ӴѩˡŮ˷ܣܻ͸ͷԡ
ëѩл£Ů䣬ֻصң֨ѽһϣůķ䡣
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СѾڻѩϸ֨֨һѩµĸЩܸסĽӡ
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˵лҪЩ粻Ůǰʱ
ʹ˴֣ѩ·ʵ⻬ɽ£һ㶼ûУǰˮ·ƹȻɣˮȥûˣˡ
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Ҫͼˣֱ֣ˮ·ôҲºۼҵ
Ƕգѩǳһӡֱڸ߱ˣСү׽
ϣŮܶ˯ԶЩ֮⣬ˡ
ͷ·ѱӶˣ뻹Ǳˣͷûĸ졣
Сȵڵķɿ죬ٵʧɽ
ոƻͨ賿ʱſڱһͩ͵ССʬ壬˷֣Ѿʬû
طG̤ǰŵϵͩɫ䣬ϽץѩҲͩմϣϱҲ˲á
˻𣬾ͼСʬѾյĿȫǣʲôˡ
طG֣ǿװ侲̽飬ΧһѹСʬ˱ո
ϿųطGįӰһЩڵء
ޣطG侲
ЩʱպͺͳϦ飬ʵ˽Ľһȥ֪ǡ
ޣ·ԡطGǰ§ڻѹɤοϵϣЬҲǲЬ
ҪǣȻ񣬵ԼҵĺԼ˽⣬һ۾Ƴ
Ѿ˳ȥˣġЬŬĸ˴ȥ˯
죬ڳۡ
Ҳˤİ͸ҹѩĺܣһŲȿվ˦ȥԶ
˻ֵײײǰߡ
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ϽС
ȺԽԽѩڸڵĺۼʹ˴֣ԹԴϲ
Զˡ
ϸоֲպܵ硣Сӣû˯ֶ˯ˣǾĸˡ

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̰ů
ȻԶˣߣԷ࣬ôɽҪǺѵġ
߷ǰ׵ʱҲ֪Լ˶Զè̶ˣСӣĺԶ
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һѩѩﻯ
ģʽͻȻлģʽĥţҪô걨ţɽҰͷʲôûС
ֻһСӡ
ڵдsosҲ֪ܲܿ
С̿ѩˡ
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Сȶ̵ĺͣժźСӣͼĲˡ
İӲҧ֨֨졣
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ţߵͷۻǰͻȻһСׯ̣ûͷ
ߵԵ۲죬ƹĽ
ԥԥĲǰ˭֪ǲǺŮһģϾô
䣬뵽Է϶ʳڵģпͷҲС
С죬һˣһСǰűӾ㣬Сȭͷ˴ȴ޷
ȥèˡ
ѩһƨܸá
ճԵļСˣСӣķȥ
ϣǰܻصҡ
ԭأܵ𶯵Ȼ̧ͷѩǵĵ棬ٵѰҲ֮
ͼķ򣬴ϣӭѩѡͼΪ׵˴ɫ멣ѩ
أԽԽ
ܿ˵ӣܿµڣͽüͷ
ӵԼŵСӡ
С׹أطGһ߹βǿͣ
ϣ̽һ۵СͷϵСҲˣġ
ꡣգգ۾
ûסᡣ
ͱطGڻıţͨСԼ
طG˰ͷñǻؼҡ
˯ˡ
ɵһš
ѩӣطGۿˣȥյϣͼſڣĵȴš
طGԻɫ䡣
ƼĹҵģһڴĿţǵҲҷ
طG΢¶һںڵͷ
Ҳ̲ס档
ؼҡ
˽طϽŸŵľᶽ棬ԷҲϽˣ˵£پۡ
ᶽҲľĺܣôСĺӣҹܳȥôԶʵǼδδš
ڻϡ
طͼ䣬Ҳû˵תܣʱط_ͷյĴܽطһûס໵һͿˡ
Ҳط_ľϲͣЩӾ㿴ĸҲϧ
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໵Ŀޣһ߽ԺȻֹ
¡
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Ƕֵֶֶḷֳ́һڳԵˡ
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طGҲһڴ
ͲͦСظʼţʱұߣɳſ侲ˣת˺ԶԶתͽһŮ˵ķ䣬ҵС˵һһСŪŻ㡣
ȻҾ͹ԹԵģͷҾͿУСȥǽ˯ҲԹԵģȻ賿Ҷ˯˾͵͵·
·ϻ㱻ҵҾԶ˲
Ҹ˵һ˺ôϻһȭһһȭһˡ
è̾䡣
ͨţźĿطGôҵҵѽ
ٶҲ̫ˡ
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Сֲɵӡ
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ڴΣ͵С
֪Ǻͣ˵ʧǮˣ㳢ɥ֮ʹ侲
仰ϸֹסٴ̲סӿ
͸ϽܹſϥϣЦŵûѽ·ˡ
գգ۾ŴŴҪ˯
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ͱ۾˯ˡ
кỴ̄ͳԲ񣬸ֱš
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˵ȲԴۼ塣
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طGһϮں죬֪մȾ˶˵Ѫ
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ͯţ˾Ƽˡ
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˵ŻһԵطGɵɤӣİ򢡣
;˵˺ȵˮ
طG
еʹͶֵүǶˮ
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ҪǸվȳһ١
ݺݵ֡
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źͰൽԼֺǺǵ˵ֻϻ
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طGĿòһ̣Ҫˡ
ʱСֹ̫һС
طGüӹտС̫࣬ͼС̫үС·ϱȽΣգͶದһ͡
ƽﶼܡ
طGͷźͱС̫౧һ;鸴ӡ
ų
ֻҪȫͺã
ſڳϣÿ¶Сһָ
ط_תתͻȻͷֺǺǵһع˻ؼ
ССҧ䣺Ȼ͸귨˵᲻ң벻ңһ֪𣿡
ط_ڡ
͹ԹԵͷȻȽ˸幬;ܾط_ֻź㣺޵ˣԵ㣬ݵֻ
˿ӣôݡ
ûݣûԿࡣС֣ͼοҿˡ
ֻϻͺͿͬ
һЦűźͣЦŵͺãͦã޴ⳡҲһܱĸá
£ܿ˯ţ賿ٶŴѩϺܶ׷٣ǳҲѣһСӡ
ܵʱ򲻺𣿡ʡ
ͳƬ̣µǲ£־ɭ֣è̲ᡣ
еˮ
ص귨ĻʲôˡͰŰСǵŴߴߴǻ귨ںҹ֧ҡ
ԴѵøлֺǺǵҺл귨
ͬͷ
ſ˵ľӡ
ȥ鷿ˣڵ棬ԡ
͹ԹԵͷ
ſڿϺŵѩζɵЩӣˮҲɣҲ̫
СԴС̫ˮźġ
ͣQAQ
Եġ
Ȼʣ˭ҲҸ
ûûζİˮĹա
ûԼȥˡ
幬ſڵʱ򣬾ȥͼǵ
֣ĺ
֣ʾȥˣˣúõĺӣ;Щ
ʮŻˣ޵һѱһģ˵ôҲҪһ
һһҹûۣǵ㡣
ĺûΣҲû˯һ˵㣬ҲͿޡ
˵ط_Ĳס
ͰţòӦһŰС˵ͶʮӵĲס
û˵
ίҪ˵ԸҪȻ飬۵ҪˣԷҲʲô
ѩشôãﲻֵһᡣ˵ʮ岻࣬ǿͰˡ
귨ˣֻؼ
Զˡ
ٵſڣһеĿʹ˴ٴλӻ֡
֪ˣԭҪĴ
ģ귨ʮĻ
Ƚڵͼǰɫ΢Ц֣
šӦ£һԸ˵ӡ
˲ˣСԴЦһˣ
͵ͷҡͷ
С۰ˡ
СԴЦ״ᡣ
һѲ˵һƿڣҵʱ̣밢꣬밮ҵǡ
⻰˵ģĿȥˡ
ԭʹϳͣһ¸Ǵúõһ
½㰢죬ľǡ
˼ڰŷӺ͹㣬ʱķ£Žţϻ
һͲͽ
ͷĮػˣ꣬£Ѱ
һҪǵöոǰӸСʬ壬طGҲ˳ϵҵ
ʱҪ⡣
壬̫Լɽ
̫̰ģҪıĸ࣬ǺʹʱѩˣںӵС˵Ǵѩɽļڣǲô
˵󲻱ᡣ
㿪ĵľУʣµģ޺㰢
͹ɵͷˮģûԼܳһžͺá
Сնľܾˡ
Ļͺãôˡ
ͣQAQ
ֻǵС̰ˡ
ʮİ⴫С̫
˺һۣѹ
ط_Щĥĥ߽ؾص밲ٿһԵĺͣģϻ̻ɣ
žͺÿŶ
룬ȷʵ÷̻ȥȥʹӦˡ
ط_˲˷ܵĲˣжڴϣֱ޲ʱֱȥ
ҹ
ط_ȲſϺ꺹Էˣ
߶ˡ
ţطGҲˡ
仰˵ӡӺţùʮķˡ
طG
׵һƢûС
ڿҲˣ¿ӣʼڡʰűźʩʩȻߡ
һѩѩɫĹ󣬿ǣźͣʩʩȻߡ
һΣԼ㡣
ͣ
̷֪֪ʲôģޣͷ޲è
ϲ̻ĽţҪˡС־ܾ˰ȣо˷ŵͦá
ȴֻϲ΢Цŵ֪ϲȥɡ
̽ŵ˸̻
˲ҵȤ
ʮһ𣬰̻ǻڿըͰСؿš
ԸҰ˶úõġ
̻Ը׼ĶԲԣ
һ飬ҪӦŶ
С߶߶˵Ż
طGˣСԴγӳ̻ƯһͿ
ͣƽϲ֡
СЦἫˡ
;;СͿʼϢ걧߸ߣ
طG
İЦģƲסЦ⣬Ҳ̧ͷ̻
̻ӳ貵ĹӰ
ڿ
ط_ڿǡ
̻ڿըһƬѤù⾰
̻䡣
ͿջָڰЩδС档
طG˿ɫؼҰɣõˡ
⻰ͷһۡ
˶ˣڳǽϣþδżȥıӰǵĵâıһС㡣
طGźͣѾܳĬ쿵˵ĵʲô˼Ƭ̣ȻʱĽס̡
꣬סˡ̶̵С첲סͷѡ
˻صոͼſڹȻˣţǵƣصţ߽ˣЦŴк
һ߽
ÿεȵǣһظʯС·ϣʲôûУȴܾһֱᡣ
ᡣ
룬СԴʣᣬǰ᣿
ĻͼطGפ㣬Ҳ⼸մѪЩ࣬˵ᶨ
͸¶ǿơ
һʵĹ⡣
϶Ŀ˰Σס͵֣ᡣ
Ϳİֿ꣬ߵĶܾ˵Щˡ
ҿȽᡣ̽ʡ
һ
ͣ
ղŻ˵ᣬȻô졣
ǿаѰԶȻԼཱུСǰװͰ͵ʣδֻһˣѡ˭
ʳب⡣
ϿཱུСֿطG忡׵Ĳһʱѡ
ԥˡͱС죬ʰ꣺ѡ˭
طG˵ࡣ
һϲ
˼ᶨѡˡ
Ȼ
ͼطG۾ӻǰȥǸϡ
ౡ
׵ˡ
ǵ΢̵ĴƣָԼСѽ
ౡ
׵ɶҲûС


34 
ǵ, ֻó֡
ͷطGѣС죺֪ھǸݼŵľ档
ĻϺ
ģʡ
Էһ£ҾҪҪȥָԼС, һھӵһ̡
, ֱӹҪ
ౡ
ٴ۾, ͼ˰ϡ
ס
طG΢С, ݺݵһڡ
ҲŽż
͵ʱ, СٺٵЦ
Ƚңڶյ㾡, ֻůա
ҡҷطGǰ, ϸϸǸֲ;ӣҲŰ顣
ԣϸС۷, ֪̥ŮСǶ
С̰Ӥ˯, Щ, һֺֻۡСѾ¶档
Ͽ͸ϣȻת˲, ñȸסٶ
ˡ
ЦŸطG˵ŰƴҲİװˡ
, ˡطGתͷἫˡ
˶һۣϸ̵һ, Сģܹԡ
ѹ͵ĻᳳѺͣһʱյĽЩ˽
طGָסĶ룬Ϻ߽סʱɿ֣Ъɡ
ЪİЪ
ľƣһֱתЪϢ
ӵ˯ȥ
Ⱥˣһµյ壬ʵʱ򣬾أμҵط֣һˡ
һŴ齾ʧС֢
ŲҪ򴲡
Ͼ̲סЦС֪ˡϴ͸ʳԣļϵԶ̡⡣
һٳԡ
ϾУӪܣʴʣһٵҲɡ
è̱ʾֻҪ㡣
ţ;ԼСʣſڵ£
Ͼúᣬ̼ǵǰ飬Ƕ룬ͲԸ
°һˣ˳ˡ
֪Լܶˡ
ĸȴֻ᲻ѡ
̣Ժ汣ġ͵Сţᰲ
ҲҪͼ³ȭС㼫ˡ
һľ͸һܳЩһһǡ
ɫСԴܸδİͼ³һ𣿡
ܡ
ľܾˡ
Լġ
ʮͷС̫ߵߵܹЦŵ
ڵ
飬ߵߵߵſڣͼݵ̤߹üĿһȻ
СԴĿţЦһЦ
ʮ塣ĺ
ŴߴߴСú͸ܲס̣һС
ǰҲǳģè̲֪񲻹ǣֻСӼԲһ²Ĳˡ
ʲôͶʱ˷ˡ
סطڴĿ
ط˦˦ͷСָ˦ȥ忡նˣεںͷء
Ǻ޲ļƣС
бŵ
˵ūž̧ӽˣͷСر࣬зűĹɺãʰ롣
ͶڵϣཱུƨɵææµµԼСأϲĶóһߣʱ档
طҲѧӶڵϣһģٽһ̡
ķǳ֣ط_ŷȥһѣͷѾܿˡ
طСཱུǰߣ棬ЦС۾гһ죬󺰣ٿѽ
ط_
ôô֡
ͼ÷̵ģӥݣˡ
;ܾŷ紫Ҫ泵
ط_į
Ŀ֣ЩȻ򲻹ѡֱӼ롣
ϼ˷棬ȥ׼ĹϹȻˣպÿԳԡ
Ժͷ˿
͵
ط_طһۣطѺõЦЦط_ߵһȴˡ
ǵĺͻΪε¶Ĳķ
ˣԼСཱུܹ˵ﻳҪס
Ͼ͵ͷ
˲㣬ѩٺһڣģʱ
ֺǺǵ𡣡
ط_ͲģŰˮֱӹһһͣپͿʼԡ
طʹϸʲôͺʲô
̱Ų˫Ҫ档С縴ġ
طһ档
ط_Ŷȣ̵ͼͣ
ڹ£ܵͷ󺹣ĿҪɡ
ɫ磬طŽϵĺˮȥϸ
ʮӻӡ
˵꣬Ͷط_ֱ˽ССʮҪ𣿡
ط_
ˡ
ҲҪ·ˡ
ѺһڣŤͷߡ
˸ߣϾˣ˵̫ˣҵȵĽ
ϺЦҡͷֽūŸϽһˮЦŸͣҪźء
Ҷ֪ϹҲǸһĿġΪ˺ܸõİǰմӰ
ǿͷûݱҵĸо
ͷˡ
ȥ˯ôãʵˡ
Ϻ͹£ɹ̫ŷ磬Ų裬е졣
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΢а˱һģ˭Ц崺ӡ
ƽȥ࣬
Сģβϼֱ죺ү֪Ҳϲδ
ϣ
Ů˼ѣѡ£жµףѡ裬ȻҲף˿ôġһڲˮ˵
вǲϼĵ׺Ǽżųҹй̵ļǺ͵İ꣬ǳżҵ
ü۵ޱ˵⣬ֳһִ͸գգľ¡
Ȼףԭĺãüۻ
˵ʷʹǣʷϲˣҲŮˡģҪʲôˡ
ʱˣûõġ
ɫºͣϸüؿ
򢣬һЦϲү
ʣµģһоڲС
˵ŻϲЩ㱣ոճɻС˵๫ߴɬüۼ䶼ᡣ
ǹ۵ľ
˺ܶ࣬ϸܵһĸԵĹԣݳĸоԾ¶ܶ¡
ˣ棬ɲ˯ˡ
˵ţ뿪
ޣҲǼģžйϵľͷ
Ⱥ˯ѣڰһƬ۾ĺѽ
ֻҪСһ֣ǻٵĳǰ
һԵЦŵ˵ΪĸգĸףںӵһС
ȴҡͷſڶﻳ̲ҪΪĸգҪƯСŮ
Ҫ˵ƵĻ޺󣬾ͳ˼黯ԷĸСŶСЦĸǰԼѽ
˵꣬Щסȫû뵽ԼӿĻ
ûĽǶȣҶĸΰ󣬺ĸ׾ͱ
̸˵СŮ
;ãΪٶҲֵˡ
طGʱ򣬾ͿԼҸǧһһϵ⣬ÿãι͡
ιʲôõü
Էһ˵ıܣԷԸ⶯Ǿ͵ȥβˣ׷ιʳ
ϲõĲһۣת͵ʱ۾ĵγˮ
طGüĿƵĺ͡Ảʲôʱᣬھͦá
ԣٳԵ㡣ι
طGҪͲסʱֶһ㣬Լû
ô£ʡ
ᣬûطG˵ЩƽʲôԼģ볢˵ζ
̫ˡ
طG˼Ƭ̣Ҳǡ
ͻȻҲһ´ȸĸо
үιࡣ
Ҫȥһһ
ԹԵվڰǰС͵ȴͶιȻûطGι˰죬Ҳι˸į
ŬĳСͣһȴͶιطGҵǳҨˣǴˡ
˰̱࣬ͣͰ͵ҳԼԡ
԰컹Ǻö
طGĺ˷ܣҭҲЩ飬˼棬ĵһ
Լ룬жӯܳԿڱˡ
ţ£̽ŵ꣬ѾˣȫԼԷˡ
˸ιڶﴦȻԲĸڰ괦Ǵĥˡ
ͣľȲζˡ
طGС˵ˡ
ȴһۣû£ﻹι㡣
ͣҲء
ԼԵͦá
ԷȷʵǱܣҪ̣ҲҪȥƿأȻȥˡ
ôţɵһ̾
ˣιˡ
ղźӶɵˡ
ˣϴȥɣһҪȥ߼ҡСţԡߡ
ͼҪԼߡ
ȥԼͼ³ԽԽԶǵϵСã;֪ͼ³֮·ЩҪߡ
ŹСƨɣЩߣСߴԼϴ
ˣ룡
ѾǵССˡ
ϷܵĨӡ
ͺСһ޿
ȹź˵С̳ȥطGһۣ̿˵Լˣ֪ˡ
طGüСŮϴ
ζĿŸ
ֱСҲ̺˹ջߡ
Ⱥ˯ˣָæģͷڻһ߻һ軭
㻭ʲôطGʡ
ʱ·ݴˣܲ׼ȱţʱżڵ
طG߿
뿪ҲԼĲġ
ҪЪϢͷСѾ߽µſǻүȥƸɣȻˡ
ü
ϸЩӾͻƽû̫ҽ˵˭
أеĻʣͽū
طGУϽȥεһԵܣⲡܵÿ˺úõĹͽܲûˡ
طG޹أͬΪŮ˰ˡڸϣľû˹ˡ
طGס֣һԺȥ
СǰЩģʧ裬˲ǵģ
СѾߵĽŲƫԺȥͼͨģڶպҹУԵø䡣
ߵˣͼһŮڴϣŰɵĽһСƴ㣬ˮӯӯ͸ŴĲ԰ס
ߵſھͣˡ
Цʡ
Сͷģ檸ү밲
̫ҽҲˣǰʱϸֲʣβüƽùʳ
ϣ
ĿطGڿ˿Ķ췴¶˵ġ
طGüؿС
СʱŵĶɤүĻƽǳԵ١
ԼĥķӣٻţƯģзģȴûԷϸ
СŶһ㣬Ưˡ
ϴլŮΪ˵ĳ谮ܶǾʹ˶Ҳϧ
⣬ȴûа취
ΪӶļױûҲ޷
СǣȫĻš
ĺˣɫݻƣݣһ˫ڿүʱ⾧
ûʲôá
طGֱתˣҲתˡ
Сͼȴͨһڴϣıۡ켴Ҳǹ¶һע
˻ȥطGǣϵ֣˫ӵˣ£ūһ˾ͳɡ
ϵͷ
еһϧձģһջɺլѰĮ󸾡
䲻ȴ޻˵
طGס罫ʩʩȻǰߡ
լ鷱ӣˡ
˵
ҲΪûýˣϾУҲǵӣҲǵŮԶԶһҪĶࡣ
ǵӣ˵޿صĳغ
Ը⿴
ڼɫɫﲻֵһᡣ
˶ҹɫ߻ȥϹֺߵġ
ȻҹߵūҲͦࡣ
طGĵ˭ҿ
Ҳǡ
˻ԺϿԼһ͸ϵĻЩۣεҲоˡ
طGͷүһ׷
ȻǸĸһŸ˼
ѧź͵ӣԹԵͷһЦŵǲ֪ҹ˼˶á
պܲˣԹбطGһۣߣˡ
طG
˵ȥġ
˵Ż˯ˡ
ڶһ磬ͻû˯ѣͱϴӱ޶һȵӸǿп
һֻ۾Ƕıˡ
ˣ˯ɡ
ġ
ϴֻС·һ˱µµţλƵú˯ĸˡ
ȵ߱ոϣͼֵܶѾˣط_طKĺ棬˵ͣҪ
طKү棬ģ
ôɵСȻʺϴˣҾͦáط_һڼرƯ
֪ϲҲϲӣǰСܵĿɺˣնϡ
СģиĲ֡طKҪĺࡣ
ȥȥȥٵǸĶطKŤͷҪߣȴס°ڣתͼط_°ڣЦǺǵһҡ
ģطKŰɡ
ط_Ϸͷͷֻ췢ĵġϲӰڼģҲǺģӰڼ
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طKˣҶС̫࣬Ȼͷ͸ʮİ硣
壡ʮ壡
ͻдС
ط_ʱЦˣ·ŻŵطKѾ·
طK
ʩʩȻ߹ȥĵıЦŴкĸ磬ɩ
кֺѼ䣬ط_ͺҧ䣬˵ʲôڼ֮ࡣ
һƬгԲ񡣡۾ˣһԳʮ˸СʱЪϢġ
ط_գΪѣûгֻӣûǮ֧ϽǱȥһƬ֡
Ը귨˵Źáط_⡣
˼ʾ˼ƿС
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һʩʩȻȥһ߹۲űոǻӣʵȨûʵȨʵһ
ŹƲ࣬װҲ࣬ϸڴҲ𿼾Ǯ٣ҲһҲ׿ġ
طúϲĸۡҲ൱¡
͹ԹԵıط_ĲӣССǸĲߵʱԱ𣿡
ط_Ͼңңĵͷᣡ
Ŀ𣿡Щԥ
ط_϶ͷ
˵꣬̾ͱˣطGڵϣ˼ҵĶãҪؼҽƱ
ŶͻȻڵЩ£׵ľСͣݺݵҪŶ
ôܷŵϣôԵıȻҪš
طGӳһĨЦ⣬ȴת˲š
طӺ̤׷׼ĴȺ޶ͱڻһ߸˼
ʱط˳ֺǺǵλֵˣҪһ۾۳Ը㷹
ô˵˻Ƿ
յĸܵȥСӣֻһͳĬˡ
ûȸߵСС׵ĿռԼߵǳ
ཱུСֻ
߸ЦΣϽĸӣһߵ꣬׻ൣЩ
סϣЦŵС棬
˶ĸСͬرϸ
𣿿ɲԸһڡͰСòѯ
һС̣ѧ·Ͳ̫֮䣬Ǵ˵еְֲ棬߻ǵҪߣҲ߲ˣŤŤľСƨɣŬСƽ⣬Ҫɰжɰ
Цˣס
˵ЦţһʱЦﲻϡͷһŮأˣ
лſھͳһӰ
ıո׷߱ոҺǸСޣҪȻ˵ˡ߸ЦŴȤ
˸ЦɩӱЦң⺢ۣϵ׵ĲףҪȻôҲҪ̸ףҪ
Ҫ׽
ҲյܹǣŰ˸֣Ưѽ첻Ưࡣ
ССЦĿġ
߸ҲЦˣֲϲ
ˣŮƯǲǿ䵽Ŀ
˰׵ָ˴СԴЦƤ
µһƯСŮԴ֡
ˣЦ
˺Ų裬죬߸˵Ǽ磬ô棬˵ϷʴҰʲôϷ
ϻû̫Ҳ֪Ǹʲô³̡
ںܿˣ̫Ӵ˶û˵ҪҲֵ̫ܼҡ
˵Ĺ򣬾ͱС̫ŹˣЦŵˣ·£סˡ
æ˵ϽЪЪ
ҲЦŴк
˵ЦļĹʢˣ˵ǱүðѴ󰢸籧ȥ
ȥɡϰڰ֡
͸ʢǰԺȥԶ̸Ц
һ߹ȥ˵һ㶼Цź˴к
طGȫɫ͵ĳ֣ʾϽǰ
˲Ƭ̣;ͺˡ
ƼСͼ仰ʣûʲô
С춼˵ɰˣŷŹ
ߡ
طGãԹԵš
;죬ţĥˣδҪʲô
˵;˼ˡ
ط_ǰԼͣر׳־ݵظһ˵ԼҪ󽫾
͵ͷһʵԸ̣Ϊڣһʵۡ
طAԸر򵥣û˼ڱͦá
طͬԱ˵ЩǸ򽻵
˿طG˵ͬµһˣ
طGͷ
治ɫĲ
͵ͷûµһˣµһæˣѪ
ȵطЦɢңҾͺá
ǱգʱܷǼҵ͸ˣÿ۾ǽãе࣬ڶЩ׽⡣
˶طӣطһԼĴȣŵҲ뵱󽫾
ã͹ơ
ҲŹƣط㼲Ӱ첢ԵҲãԸ֧
ֵط룬۾Цŵ
ûô򵥡
طG˹غŲˮı棬ʹ
ȿطKʱֺǺǵֵǵǰ˵ɲɡ
һ˲䶼Цˣ겻ӺͰ⣬ƫƫطKϲ
˿ʮʱˡ
ûԼδʲô
ʰ磬⣬
˾ͲЦµļСģûˣϾ鶼ûȻ˵Ҳûá
ţϾƣ
طкһֺǺǵ壬ǲ顣
ͷ
רŸĶͯͣǸϰԵĶط˵ǺԼҲԹٺöϣȻҪרص㡣
óԣĴָ
޲ڡ
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طЦ֣Цŵ⡣
͹ԹԵĹȥطӾЦŰѾǰݣüЦһ
СӲܺȾƣСɵӡܾ
طҲǶԾЦҸ˰ˡ
뿴ô
ͷҵϲ£ȻҪȺȡ
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˼ƣ˾͸ӷ̸ڶ
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طGͷ
͵ŮҲںȾƣֵһϷһߺȾƣҺȵ滨ףСƣߣȲˡ
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һۣҲˣ˿ָ֡
ԣͯơЦŵˮҪҪһڣ
ƶͣӰر
͹ԹԵվԣƿ滨ס
ʶ֡
Щѧˡ
ȻƯŮƭˡͷЦһΡ
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Ǯһ롣
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ʹסСˮƣǮ˵ģƯǮ𣿡
ˣҪġ
۾Ǻ򣬱˺ӵĻˡ
ΪѵСһСһ̯ûˡ


35 
һʱ, ڴĿΪѵСӣҶȱ㶫, 붺档
ڿԼ, ûõȥˣĥŻǷһʡ
㻨Ǯ, λΡЩ۵ĿС֣ԼСҪˡ
˺þõġ
ûסЦͷźСͰͣ۵ĿҪ
ΧĴȴֻÿġ
ĻһѣƵĳŹ, ֪ģȺȶոպãź㡣
ϲɫ, Цŵһȥ
ڳɫ֮䣬͹ϵѡŽż⣬С߸Сһڡ
, Цˣǧĸоת, Ȼһǵøϸɫġ
ùţֿһϷ, Ҷ˵ȥϸʰһʳеĹһ´λ
ִֹԣžͿɰĽ, ʵ˸̾ҲҪ̣ͬҲ֪ôġ
͸˸
ͼطGϣĿ
˾ƣβγһ㱡죬ƽɽˣҲֿƵķ
Ͽһۣջߵʱ̲סֿһۡ
ỽү
šطGӦˡ
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طGԣǿŲûβı죬룬ǶȻϸ΢̵ĴУ۾Ӧô΢ˮ⡣
˾ƣر
кڳ񣬾ԵطGͻȻһΣطGҲŻ˻Σʵļ͵ס
ü
ϸϽһĽǶȣͣڿ棬͵͵һطGЩߣõɤӣŬ
ȻصԺ;յܳȥˣǺܺãطGѾС
ҧҧ꣬͵͵ź뿪ˣҪȥæ
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¿εʱЩδҪȥʼ䡣
ȵŵʱڿߣСȰȵ˵署ʲôΣҪٸ⿼

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ҲΪ͵ĴϻľĽһֱţտʼʲôᡣôգҲʵס
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ʱ򣬾Եġ


36 
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Ȼӵڶ쿪ʼ飬æĲӰˣ˵ԼҪæص
ͺüղ꣬˶ˣС, ů¯, ſڵš
ȥҲϡ
Ͼһȣҹɫ, , ԽūŰ̿˳, ŷ, һ߿һߵȡ
̿˵ع, ȻԳԡ
͵׾Щ˵˯, ڵȵطG糾͵ĻʱֺǺǵĳ갢꣡
͡طG, ۽һԵϣ
ͳԣŲɲƣᡣ
갢ס;Сͣ˷ܵĹطGֺǺǵȵãŶ
طGһأ
Ҳ롣ŲԶĹƣ˵š
طĢǰߣĵŷɢˡ
ţүҲ롣
Ȼ̧Сκ죬죬ģͣԭأζԣֿ첽׷ϣͷ̽Եȥֱ
žͱһȵĴƸסˡ
طG˶΢ĶʩʩȻĻԺ
СŮǸϽͭϴϴѵѥӸݽšʰźŰš
ϿζЩһ˹˹һͷԣǺɤӾͺȵѹһѹ
ûһǼðϸطG˹Ĳ˲ߵգſͣٳЩϸֶӡ
СθҪЩԡ
̾ͺóԡ
طGܲߺߣСƤ
ϼСˣЩۣЩԾͳ԰ɣԼ֪
ͷͷ
Ƴпɽ֧С̣طGƳһۣζǳŨ
˿£СֲطGҪвˣѵӸԶЩ
תɾʹɡ
طGһߣƳһۺ͡
̧̧֡
ͻŵһ´ܳȥ£ԼԲСӡ
Աˣˡ
յܽңů͵ıѣյ̳˫ĿطGҪ˯
⼸նԼ˯ģܲůˡ
ڴ
طGͷһԼȥϴ
è̺ϲ˯һ˵˯˭ڿ죬ֺǺǵС̫ȥϴ
õ廨ڵðͨһȥ밢Ͷһԡ
Զˡ
غܴ󣬺ͻӾǰõԡͰǺ˵ϴŲҪԡأúԡء
طGʧˡ
ǸƯأſԡصϣԴʡ
طGһʱЩãȻüʲôƯ㣿
Ҳƽﶼһ֪ôˡ
͹СЦǸ㡣
û
طGһΪūˡ
û˵ʵŮ˱ˣٴĶˡ
﴿ŵίЩڹЩʱʣǾ˵·ϲˣûˣ㳶ͷ͹ȥˡ
ӿЩᣬľ۸˾͸÷һ־Ҳûʲô
طGʼҶˣ˯ˡ
С̵ڵĺˣС¸֣ˮܵڵľطGˡ
ȡطGɤӡ
ͶʱʵˣԹԵͣǰҡͷԣͼˮ۶˦ȥ
˦طGĽϾˮӣһཱུСƨɵϣžһ죬Ͷʱ缦
QAQ
ˡ
ڱڵŴһ࣬󻽣ɡ
үȥϴطGת뿪
ͰͷƤܣСۣԹԵĵš
طG֪ڵȣĺܿ졣£ϵˮδɾʡ
̿˲侫С
Ĳˡ
ڴطGȻҪѵ䣬ں;ô£ҲЩ᲻á
ӲһʱᣬƽȻʱǱȽģССĺӣѩĶôԶʵѵá
ǳˣľأҲĸˡ
ã걧طGӵ˶ϵζ̣׶ҲС¯һ˾ͲԼͬİѽ档
һѣ̾ʵ̫ůˣ¯ߵĸо
ź͡
ģҪԼһˣŸůȣҪطGůǺ͸ů
ʱӰҹҪһ⡣
㡣첲˶˲Ѱˣһꡣ
طGƳһۣƸϣ˯
ͲԸ죺˯
˵Ų˯۾ȴ̲סһһϣ䣬˯ˡ
Ľ˯ô졣ﲻ£ɲ˵˯˯ˡ
طGһһֱ̣Ӱ§ڻƸǸϣû
ϱЩҡͷû
⺢ӹɵ
Ǹ
̴ǣںڰҲԣƯŴĹүϲ
طGţͷ˯ɣɡ
ֻҪǵճϲ
ϱźͣطG˯ˡ
˯գںҹڲīطGƣĲ˵Ҫٲί
طGŬ
۾ŻеæԺһ
Ҫһܱͷ룬Ǿ͵úͷĥ˰ΣԼһׯӣׯϣȻҲûֵ֮ĲܺڸʵĿġ
һȦȴ䷨
ͶˣһӦȻ޴룬ҪˣȴһûУֻиϵļټľУˮ뺣á
پڶΣӶˣصˡ
ȵڶһ磬Ѻ޶һȥ뿴ϳӣˣ͵ߵߵȥҿˡ
귨ϳʲôǲָ㽭ɽӳⷽ٣رĴݲȣ϶ÿ˰ɣ
СȰȵĿʼ䡣
泩ǫҲûС
ǻ귨ƽͼǣ˵ˑԦ˷ӯȻҾùʥĺ뿴Ļ귨Ŵߴߴڡ
룬ܳڵУԸӸСʣ
ǡ
˾ͷиӰӰ´µСӡ
һӦǽݲؽȻүͲסСϵ벻ǣ˲ôСӰӡ
ֻطGһݣԼҵĺӣ̬⿴ĺ
̫ҲܾΪ϶ĺӣǾ˼ˡԺиֳһӰ̲ס졣ܾòµĺܶԡ
ȵ³ûߣǹ˵Լ£ֱӴһȥͷ˯̡
˵Ҫ˯ˡ
Ҫ˯ôԲ
̫ɫԺԺĲһʱҲûܹŴ
꣬һۣЦŵԽˡ
طiЩתˡ
һ̱ڿ˯ĺֲͣ˼ǧ
˯һû˵˵ˣڿЩ죺ס
ζĿ;ЦҸ˵ˡ
Ŀڡ
μʲôЦЦԲ
Ʈѩҹϼַɺףͻһߣ̤ƣ¡ڿѹȸʮ£治ɫ˵˵귨δģҺú׷㡣
ʲôЦ
һ޹Ҫ˵ǸСȭͷ
ǻ귨ССɰ̵
šĶ侾˾ЦԵ㶫Ͽȥ
;СͣԼСߵߵȥϿˡ
ϿҲãʮ档
˭֪ط_Ƽ;ԼۣߵԶԶġ
ͣ
ʮ壬ǺͰ̰ʶˣɵ˰ɡ
ط_ΣִչСССүܷˣٰҪ귨ˡ
ڼѾˣûгɻ飬ͻǻʱƨɡôͼ³ǵӴƨɣ߯ˡ
Ҳᵷҵġĵ
ط_ˡ
˺ͣȴԼôعصˡ
μʱ̲סͺһ棬˵Żرġ
ȻȿʼϿΣ̽ʱˡ
ˡ
û
Сʵ̫ˣЩ棬־档
ֱˡ
ҡ
һ޹ĿСЦϲⲻ⣬̲̼
ط_ЦָİȰ죬ССвȻ㡣
Ϳ󻺻߽ĸߴӰɵð缦
ط_ˣӴʴʣЦᡣ
գգ۾޹Ŀ
һ͵ͳȵ˭
ط_ŵһ飬ӲĻͿĶ
ס
ʲôʱģһоûС
ꡣֺõЦЦرıסͣıˡ
Ҫ˵һס졣
ɤӣط_͹İ̵ݸ
롣һ
ڱĹѼɤҲֹ
§סĲʮ壬ҲǱѽ

ط_ͷԶԶԣǸʮı
һҭԼ˵ʲôתˡ
ǣſ֣ʩʩȻڹϡСĿſЦʣзôˣһשҪͨ͸ģױƳ
üĲ㰢Ū
һΣֻҾΪЩ
ŸˣСԴǻ귨㰲š
͸ĲשǰҪǿڣȻ̫ݳޡڣġש̸ιҳݡ
Ҫʲôʡ
ĥٴһ͸ױƣɺжǲģȻҹĥɷۣڰ۴غܺÿѡ

ô룬㰢֪
ǹһ룬ȷʵͦÿģİĺһˡ
ɣš룬ͼֽʣͺطGû˵Ǹ˭ģֻ˵ͼֽȻýҲ߱ˡ
طGĥƬ̣ʸģ˵Ǹ࣬ˣȥ滭ͼ治и
Ҳ˵ܵطGá
ϵЩɻүȻôæһæȥˣҲˡ
˺üգʲôˣźͣϾطGḺͲᡣ
ڳ˿ŴƺõױƣסڵĿ䣺뷨á
ҲˣС˵϶ϲطGһۣʲôû˵
طGү˵ǣͻȻɻܾмµӡ
Ȼ;ͲཱུС֣û˵ǡ
ǿ˹ȻǺ⣬ױƱ͸ϱ
طGüͷ
һɵĿܾͣͷβģ߸ױƣôҲֲ
׹͵ЩΣա
һ޹Ŀգˮ˫СԴԹԵĿ
طGʹͺԼ̻ȥˡ
һԺֱӾͰൽǽǣüΪҪˣ
۾ĿͶ
ױƯʱˣõ
֪طGƵӣ϶ȥѰ
㲻ΪԼ˲£Ͳüòˡ˫ֲ
طGƳһۣվźú
֪Сܶ뽫Щ˽
вϣһ֣˾;һٷ֣˵²סҪʲô
Ҫʲôķι𣿡޹
طGȻ۾峺С̣пӳճеӰ
峺Ρ
˵ĶԡطGĿŤСӽ˹үҪ㡣
˵źݻǰױ͸ϣϲ񣬲ɵüϲͺá
һٵĺͣ
ղŸҲô˵ģ
ϲСΪжβϼκ죬˫ĿطG
ͣ
ģһѵء
ȻԥռĹֱͣǿ벻̡
ɿŶɬϲʤ飬ҲСЦ˭͵Ĳ￪ľͺá
ϲЦģܿĵӡ
룬ںϲҲ̣ʱˣģȴмúĶ
һжܺá
øĻ
طGһѰڻдſУһߵ͹ԡ
ϽԼ֬ȫŲױϣҫԣӾ
һϴţŵʱ򣬾ͼܺãͣĸ˲ˣһֺǺǵ˸һȥ֣˸ȦԭŸ򣬺һ룬ĵײأǵⱦģȥ˰˱վͿԴˡ
˵ŻȻ鼫ãֿп鲼ϣѩɫģͺͶѡ
طGһֱţƤ˭
ͺ͡
طGһźͻҪͶﴩĸװ
ĥ˵ǣȷʵȽ󣬾Ƶûһװ𣿡
ʹװ
ԡطG˿Ķϡ
˷ܣ𣿡
Ͼ˭֪үعأ⴩һѣȻǲصģԸ⣬Ǿ͸ˡ
ȻϣѸ¡
ϴ˯ˣڶ壬ùţͼǽͷſһﭹĴͷк̡
طĢͼʮĹԺǽϣʱһ١

Եط_Ͻǽʵʵ밲ؾصվطGǰ밲
ĸ簲
šطGƤ
ʮ壿ͶСһ࣬
ûڣûȤˡ
ط_ЦСүġ˵ž˫ץ
ܡŤͷܣСƴĵڣŴܵطGϣط_ࣺץ
ط_ûطGϣԺˡ
˵һ䣬ȥ׷͡
ЦֵȥԶ
طGɫȻڹһϸָ£ϸָߣΪ˰סǿġ
߰ɣȥ棡˷ܹܵ
طGط_һۣſͣȥģ
¥óԺգſطGϣһ½
ط_Ƭ̣ںڴУá
Ӧˡ
è̶ʱ˷ˣܻȥǣط_һ˵ȥ档
ط_طGϷ㣬˲˶Է˼
ʩʩȻߣ̤żطGЩĻţͷǸЩ֪Ǵκʧ٣˺Ĳֹһ
ҲӰ
ţڷһ¥ȥ
ʱ򣬾ͼڸ̸ۣǼֻӳⷽ٣ɵþú档
͸ţ¥ָƯޣҲʵ˶Ŀ˶ϲСģרŹк
ҲǽĽʿиʡ
Ķ˷ǫǫӵζźطG󣬵üۼȻ
طGɫҡͷڲȥ
˺Ңֵ֪γƺһЦҾ
طGĵ
һһ죬طGܿͲɫİмҵ׸ʳ
һֱСҢʱġ
ǲ֪֪֮һУҢӺиýСС⻹ʲô˵Ӻһ
ڣ֮̽˭Ҳ˭ڴ̫һ仰޲üӰ˰ٸӡ
֮ռӺЩҲ򲻹
磬ãʡ
Ңһܶ⣬Ψû
иãˡ˵
̵ŶһʵЩϸֲͣࡣ
֪ǲ֪¡
Ң۵Ļ˵ˣýӺĿڴ
ţࡣҢ˵Ͷأл뿪
طGӰ˼ҡͷѲҵĹӣֻǰ;ߡ
·Ӥõʱ򣬾ӤĺӺÿŶôдеģ
طGȻ̧ͷ
еġ
ȻǸ˵䣬ܻȡ
ͻȻĿꡣ
Щ¶
طG͵СԴһ׮£ͻȻ͸
һˣʵûܡ
Щһֱ뵽׸ô죬˸õĽӡ
ҢѡԺʿŵʱ䳤ءЩźһ塣
ط_Ųһת߽һҾ¥ڿĵطһͲ϶ˡ
ҪԣҶС˷񣬳źóԡ
ͲɵЦˣҲϲ
طG˶۰Ͱ͵Ŀĵһ͵ͷ
Ȼͺˡ
죡عռǴСţ
ط_һ˺üˣͣҪ᲻óԵȫԵ
ţɵøǿ֡
طG
Ӷˡ
£СϲˣҲ˲˳ԡ
һСоռһλã˼磬Ͳҿˡ
ֻһŮӣƸƸõıã߽мĿյϣͿʼá
ĺܺüĽϸϸİžϧ
ط_֪Ůδϣһ۾ͲȤı
طGҲˣߵŮˣǱźܴĽ䱸
ͽĶŮƣβתȹһֶſ
⡣Ƭ̣ŶϵսطGѹǸƯ㣬һ
ǽӴģԼǵú
طGһݣ˻ƵĶŮζûл
ط_
ⲻʰɡ
ͼסߣѹͷɩˣɩôãôöġ
ط_СһƬϡ
طG´ǹһɲЦ⣬ɫЦŵ㰤ᣬĵ˾ˡ
ط_ס
úõİʲôᣬֱȡ֡
طGĵĿֻñ
طGһֿԼҲˣŤͷߡ
Ůڵã˿ʱüͷĸ
ʧȥй˼طGֱתظʽŮһԵط_ˣĸ磬ʹá
طG
ʲô
ѻֽݸʢʾͳȥ
ڴʱϹͲˮģͼʢھᣬʲô
ûɫʲôģֻǾؿš
ط_ʱˡ
ŮӾǲǺ֣侲ʱ
Ȼɩͺ侲һ䣬Ȼشһξתˡ
ǻΪˣΪ˻ү˼
ͿŻ񣬿ſžЩ£ͻ㳤һ
Щȷ
Ư㣬ǳ˿ɼڼԻǰĻҲЩǲԭӡ
طGƶⲻǰСΪǰСĲӣšϵģǵѪҺֱϵĴС
Ҳԭ
طGڻǰĦƬ̣ͻȻȻ򣺡ǹࣿ
ƤǲͬģǰͷǸҪЩǸЩ
ϸ˵Ǹģ߳ЩĶ˵ƣȴЩߴŵܻӭ
ʵüۼڹˡ
ʲôˣͺʡ
طGɫأǰɽͷ췭Ҳû쳣Ůӣ˲׹ǸͿеĻ㣬һ
о˻ҪŲ飬ЩʱղҪԳȥðٳȥطG
ٳһʧȥ͵ζˣʵ̫ˡ
͹ԹԵͷ֤Լȥ
ط_˴գʣ˵ʲôţ
ĸо͸ˡ
ͲɵЦˡ
ʶһЦû˵ģ͹ԹԵĴңطGѾȥæˡ
һֱΪԼնݳˣǽŮӵĳָֻ޼޹ؽҪСֽˡ
طGȥ̫ӣ̫ӲΪ⣬ĵ˵꿪ʱҪˣ׼
ǣطG뿪
ع칬ķһۣЩʧҵ˰ܺ͵һЩС֤ݣ̫ӲΪ⡣
ȥ˸幬ͷ˵һ飬ģȨޣԼȥ顣
طGֻȥ̫˵Ǹ̫ӺãЩ»Ҫǰ˵һ˵ҪŮ¡
ЩϢͨǿΪ꿪׼̫תϵİָһ
طGӦ£Ÿȥ
߳ع칬Ѿûʲôˡ
ȻصԺͻϲ˹Ͷһ˵֪ϳİͣĳ˲ˡ
ȴֺǺǵġ
ĴյطGǰСȭͷȣЦŵΣ
طG۾Ƭ̣
ţطˣһС㣬ЦŵںС㣬ըСóԡ
˵СͰݸˣЦŵͶˣŪ㶫ԡ
˵ţͼڰүҲˣ˵˸Ұӣ˸ȥģźͣԡ
̵ģԣôɰǺհ
һ̾ղŻôͣúõĲҪޡ
˼һҪζ
ûһͼԺǽֳһŴͷط_ͷźǲԣ³Ļ
;ԺģԳԳԣ
ط_һǽͶطGǳѹȸеʱӣºɰںСС˵Ļȫˣȥ򡣡
ţŵǹζ
۾ˡ
ϲʮġ
طGȡ
أ˵ĻүĶˡ
طG£һϮѩɫĳۣͷż񣬰ɫĿ
ȴ˼ˣܹطGϣֺǺǵ߶ӣӰ꣡
˿Ͱ͵Ҫӵ
طGɻĿ
ȫİˡЦü䡣
˭ܾܾζİꡣ
ֱӰbuff


37 
طGժ, һѬҶҲɡ
, Ϊңͻ֫ʡ
طGƷ, ˼Ƭ̣ںڴ, ڣΪѻ塣
ʹס
ҪҪ˵ʲô
ѻ, , зʲô

ǿӣ̲סǰͰҪζѬ
ֱҪˡ
һԵط_, ʱвޣµطG, Ҫڳ, ͼҲѩɫѳ, ͷŵŵ
ط_ƿԡ
ҲͼѣѣûС
ҲҪ۰Ͱ͵Ŀš
ǰ˵װĳһûС
ϾֽһССĳ, úͽﻻϡ
Ϧ£͵ĹﶼȾĹԣط_˴ͬɫϵѣһ
ǰ֪ҪҸʲôĸһ̣˲׹ԭľͺá
ڴʱ, ʹѩɫĳ߳ͷſɰĴẹ̀طGϻͷԼͬüۡ
棬ط_ĳܴ
ҲСת˸Ȧ˽طGĻ꣡Ҳ

ط_ؿţŻ˵ϲ̣Ц¶С
ʮҲϡڵ
ȻѾˣȻ©ˡҪȻʮһˣԵúΡ
طGüʣйտտ滺Ц⣬У˶ɢŹʡ
ŹŮһѳط_ȥˣ̤żǰֻͷһۡ
ͼɩ̧ͷ⾧Ŀĸ磬Ȼ䷢֣ԭĸڵĵطƼɩģ⣬ۡ
̧˽ȥ
ͰŷཱུСϺٺЦɷɡ
֣ǽһȻмĿյŬʾϣǸ£ܷͷȻסҸѣܷɷˡ
طGͷɡ
˵ģһѹһ̧ͽ˲ȵķ˸ʱ˷
ɷɷɡ
ط_طGĳ۳͸¸ֵЩɬӣɤӡ
ϻûסһЦ
ԭС͵ѣָо
ݣطGǿխͦ˱ѴϿյģǴʤ
ط_ɤӣ̧򢣺߰ɡ֪ѲȴǲǿУĲˡ
ߡطGϲţ͸ںͷ߬ȭͷƴĵСȣط_СĵĻ
ʱ򣬺ͺط_Ͱ͵С䣬ŬԼ̫ռλãΪطG˵첻ֱǾԯϡ
Ϳ˿խխĺܣǵطƨɣҶŽϸҪ
ʱЩźʵ̫ˡǴȣڰھռᡣ
걧ȡͱסطGȣСİ
طGû
Щۣ빪ȴطGˣкӣ𽿡
ط_ø첲˴ͣѹ㰢˵ˣ𽿡
èһ㶼
ͦСظŬİѶϵһҲ͵͵ǰͼ³
Բİͼ³ط_Ц
͵ͷè̵ȻҪԲ˿Ӱֵͼ³⡣
طGƳһط_˵˵ֹ֣Ц;ǲɡ
ܵط_Ƥһˣһ޹ĿԼ硣
磬ĸ
֨ѽ
ͣˡ
治֪ʱϸѩڵϱһ㣬ʵ
طGˣҪ
Ż˵Ҫֿʼ֡
طGһ˦磬ڷѩ⣬ط_ţҲ֣ĸҲҪ
طGƳһۣΪҪܾʱ类һֻذ׵Ĵ̧𣬺ʵĲϸѩ
߽¥ͬɫѩѺǹͥŲţ˲úܶ˶
£ͳŲõС
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Цˡ
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˵ס͵֣Цķǳ飺ùԵĺӣֳˡ
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˵žù˫۾кƤʵ
˵ݣȵסˡ
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΢̧̣ʱȴָֻ޴룺ϱֽŴֱòסʮҲүТˡ
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룬Ҳļ
۰𣿡ԼСָ۰ꡣ
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͸ˡ
ͳſڿɰ壬Ŭƴͼ
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ڴ

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㻹СԴû˵סʵ㲻ǲܽ˽
˭ᡣ
ɻĿǿûͣæȥˡ

Ҳ롣ͼѿ֪Ȼ˵ĿνҲܱ
һ̾ȥˡʵᣬһһıšǰĺһ
ĺͣûˣ귨δһۣҲֻǿУεʱܼһ棬ǹ񣬴δ
ĺ飬Ȼ͹ԹԵʯ¶顣
ҲűһҲͦ˼ġ
æˣ͹棺ͷѩͲͷȥˡ
ͳֲͬаٻ磬շնƮѩһļҪһ档
ԼཱུСţװѽ
ЦˣСŮϺʵĺãǣһߣԺﱻɨһ߿С඼ǰװ׵ѩ
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š
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ͶʱſͷȰڣ̵ˡ
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Ϊֻһ
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;ɢɣȴдһֵ㲻Ҿʡ
귨ڸ幬𣿡ˮ˫ָŵϵһǿᲱС硣
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ٸ㣬


38 
ڵĺ, ûȸߵС̰Ŵ˺޲ÿһ, ⴷ磬ڣȻҸڣϲ
, , ͻ᳤
طGΧ磬Ż̲סһŸԶ
Զһ㡣
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ᲱС, Ǻֵ, Ҳ˼ֱ¡
ϸϸһֹӵķϡ
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, Ϳ֧һǧҡҡλεĶ档, ڴ
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طG˵ʱ򣬾ͷһС, ֱǺġ
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طGͷ, ʾԼˡ
밲ǼĶˣ˴˼Щ֣Ҳ밲
ƤؿҲһ˫ӳβȴģطGСʱβһҪƢϲŭ󣬾͸ˣʱʱβָ˼ĵĹ
˿ޱ飬ȴ峺׿ν
еˡ
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С̻ŴŴĸټǽţǶЩϢ
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طGָ󣬾ؿ
СȭͷߵߵǰܣСǣסطGĴĴָֺǺǵܡ
˸ճطiطGźǰ밲طiЦͷ˼书Σѧĺãŷֿ
͹ԹԻش
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Ҳǡ
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ԱȷµıոϲڻĽҰɵıܡ
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˾ţ֮Ҳû취ƿֻܷ
񣬹СźԹԵڴ˴ʱ򳤳ҲܳԵġ
ʱڣҲǺʳģҪ񡣺ͲˣӾˡ
طGдһѩУһǧɽɾ
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顣
ײ
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ض۰
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͹ԹԵſ׾Ͳˡ
طGžᡣ

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Ұ㵱ֵܲͶ㣬תҸˣֱס
Ҳúס
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ط_üطĿġ
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ܿͼҴҵĸϹ̧ŰҪطȴط_һȣʱҶˣֻĵȴš
ط_һקطô˿ţʲô
ָűϹһ仰˵
ҪڻʵɵףҲǲûʵѹӣɳһʱ֮죬ͷˡ
ᣬϡ
طۿں½ǡ
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С鷿
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ط_üͷ⻰һоƽƽĳ䣬ϸͻᷢһԡ
𣿡ʡ
үĻԣѴ̡
ĿֿһԵĺͣطĶͷС̶СԴ
Ĳд𾭰ٱ顣˵һ䣬ſطİڰ֣ȥϿΡ
ط᲻ɿֲͣʵֿۣʼᡣ
˵ѽʹߡ
˵ɶط
Ϊʲô򣿡ѡ
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һˣ¾ӣǻʰʲôʼҵַںδ
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ط_ᣬԱ˾Ͳһˡͦõġ
Ҳһ㣬⣬ЩòİԶԶҪŬȡҪȤĶࡣ
ӻ֣˲С̫ǰȥʰСãи
ڼ̴òװѺӶ󣬿꣬˸Ժ̡
һʰһ̾
źֱ֣
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ԹҲͦ۵ġ
룬תطСԴİοԣȵʱȥ밲ܼˣߣȥԺóԵġ
Ȼܾˣȥ飬źȥˡ
ط_˿ߵߵĸˡ
һأֲԣһͷͼط_µ졣
࿴ֺۣõĳЦЦ
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üͷĿɵúٺһЦѧĺƤ
Ͼĸ翴ŲɫʵΪƤ˭ܺ
ǣĸľͷһûá
ȷʵƤ롣
ſڿϣط_˵ˣ˵ꡣ
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Ƚ˸幬ط_ſɫڵĸ磬һ߿žҪɻˣ鷿ͻεɺͳŸС£
ϸϸָһ롣

ĿĿʮģΪĵֵܣϰߵĺܽ˼Ӱ롣
ȥط|ڱЩӡڵ
ЩϴϵĲ¶࣬أطiȻĴ⻷Ҳϰ˼ܡ
ɹ¼ҹˡ
ط_ֺǺǵЦˣлꡣ
˵˷ܵĲˡ
̧ؿһִۣԼĵġ
ԭȾôͷˣ󰢸ռųıͱƳĥʯ
һ㶼ӴǶԼšʱ򣬴£
˹سŵģЦЦóԣ귨Ҫ𣿡
áԵЦͷ
˻ȥæˣæŴԼʱ䡣
;ʹط_ȥԼС磬ֺǺǸԺ˵ǧĸо
ط_ͼί񣺡ˣҲˡ
ʹס
һ뻹ǣˡ
ܹǧǱȻǺöȥˡ
ʧߡ
û£ҵ档Ͳ
ֵС磬ŵȥ࣬ó
ط_Щ棬Ҳ̫Զˡ
ͺܴ󷽵ıʾͬ⡣
ǣһȥϿΣ;ĥ䣬ط_Ǳϡ
ѧ󣬲˵طΪ飬û档
̵ʲôͺʡ
ܲԡ
С̫أ˵ǱС
ͣ
ͦӳһ̣뱳УŶЩ
У鶼᣿ط_ҲЩ
ҲǴСͶ飬ʲô죬ҲǣСЩڻ¡
ԩſڡ
Ҳ֪ĺͱĺܿ죬è̲ñ飬֪ôġ

طGʱط_еĳطGԣҲǵˣûΪ鷢
ˣءһͷȥ죬һͳǵ䡣
С̸첲СҪ
ط_Ҳſ˫ۣѧź͵Ҫ

طGѡԼߡ
˭Ҳû
ط_ǸˣĸطG˵вˣ˵Ŵ硣
磿طGסŲ
£æЩҪʵȱĲ̫ࡣ
˵䲻ģ˶žͳɣǱЩ²С
طGúѧʡ
ĥź˾ʲô˼ǲ̫ӣǵĥʯ
ͼطGɫ֪룬ĲӲ˵
ԹȺڣϾΪδĳɹߣʵҪһֻèʲô顣
ط_ȴҪвµϲлزֺǺǵɩһȥСԺտԹӡ
غطGҡͷ
⸣Уǰ¹ѩǻѩʱ򣬲ó
Ǻϰ˸ǡط_˷ܵĲˡ
طGζĿһۣû˵
װİ˸绹ں°
ط˵ʮͣ͸˵һ˵Ҳڣ˸ҲҪ
һˣطGط롢طKϡͻʮ
˼ˣͱ§ϡһڣֺǺǵȥѰ㣬㲻ڣǻɻϲ
͹ԹԵͷĵл˵Լϲڻﴧš
˵أ˺öүһֱۣĸ縮ϣ˵ʲôү̣öү˵Ϳ˵үطЦź˹һۡүˣ
ϵͷš
˵ʱЦˡ
ʹӻͳ˿Ļз۷䣬ȷʵʺϺ͡
֣һСůڵģģ
ط벻ĵһۣ֡
˸û
;ͷס֣Ҳסڵĸ̾˵е޹Ҳǡ
ͽطGʱü
ΣͶס
סϵ
ģͻɣطKЦʡ
طGҡͷ̣ˡ
طҲЦųʲôû
ųˡͿ϶ͷϲ
ط룺
ϲ
ô֪Щţڴ
ΪͿ϶
࣬ҲԼˣԼһƶ
ϺеļŷǿҵĹâǿѹżȴѹסƹˤȥ̫ҽ
׺͵СֺǺǵģʮɫԡ
͹ԹԵͷ
˶ЩֻطGǾɫ
̫ҽܿˣС̫࿸ġ
˸֧ӣûϡ
̫ҽ˵Ǹ˸Ҳû˵ﲻв²⣬һˡ
ϲ˸飬ϲ̫ҽƶ
طʱվѹϻĺԼţȻܶࡣ
ү
ôҲۡ
ְԼţüұԼСǡֱӰѺ͵СǣϲĲˡ
ôãûмϲŶ˺ϲ΢һ㣬ЩСϲˣɼĺи
ϼᶨԼ
ҪԺͺá
Լĺһá
ط뿴üۣʱЩͷۣЩǿϵġ
ĺܡ
ӹཱུðⱻãɢζܲ𣬷һ򣬶ʱͻ
ͳԵС͹ĹģԶʱǺרע
ĸˣͳԷ϶ϡĲҪһڡ
׵ĺȫǺĴ֬
طGۣò񻰣ͼʢýá
ϽӹҪԼϾĸΣȻҪúõĳš
ѾʼʲôˣҪϲҪȽϹأҪܳԶʹá
ͳԱˣҲвˣЩ
طƱ˾ƣЦŵմʵĺûϸǲ׼ֵǼ£Ī˵
˵ͷʾ⡣
ǰͷ¶ΣգеŮӺܱ࣬סûԶҪ͵£ֵ˾֪ȴûӽ
ùţ˶ɢˡ
طG۱źͣʩʩȻڽֵϣɫûʲôˡ
ƮѩкХı磬˵Ľ̸
ȻظԶԶľܿſһ綹صȴš߽˹ȻţǵƣĿˡ
ǰյ˱ô᣿طGһ죬ҹɫϿڻʡ
᲻á͵ģȻǷ
ԼҪѣ˵۰ֵһᣬȴǳԡ
طGЦ
ƵЦڶϣϽĺһۡ
ʩʩȻĻԺһ·˵Ż˵ط͵ţ˵˸е¡
üϲˣ
Ŵû˵
ŮУͲ˵ĿʼǶѽٵס
Ҫܵʱͻݵĸ๫檣ɺ˭ȥź԰ϴɾ͸
ѺҪտңҰſеҶϡ
м䣬ܶ޹ؽҪҪͻݣͻݴץסүǵľأӷ׵㡣
ӣͻȻҪСˣһУδĳʱ̣Ҫپһ飬᲻á
ǱȻҲı
һˬСϣܺúõġ
ȻԺֽС뼦˿˳ԣͷԷǳԲãٵ棬ԿڼķˣŻ
һһСС棬طG΢͹Сü᣺£ܵĿɻ
һ
ܵĲϾ˵ŮˣոʷĻڣֲҲСҪϸڵأ
ѹܼȨˣ֦ڡ
ɰɣ֪үʲô뷨ʡ
طGûʲô뷨Ƭ̣ŵۣѳʷźøĿ
ü˼ʱоտտ
á˿
һֺǺǵúóԡ
طGͷ
췢࣬Щ˯ţϴţŵ¾ƲˣүС
ԣǰ磬һߵʣүʲô£
طG׵С֣û˵ֻ¡
˯Ҳ˯
ҲţطGüۼ󣬲ɵСЦһֱϡ
ԼЦʣ
ͺٺЦֺǺǵÿٿᡣ
ҡͷԵ࿴ᣬֻоͤɽ
طGƳһۣ䳰ǰ귨˵£㻹˵깫֮࣬ʣֵͺˣ
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ˡ
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ϣ󱧱б۾طG˵ǲѽ
ϵͷ˵Ķԡ
طGƳһۣе˵زסȻǼõģò˵
˵˵һҪ˵жжãɶ¶Ũء
СȰȵġ
ϻر㡣
СģĶ͹ɿ֣Ǻá
ͣ
ͷʾ챧סҪȻҸӲա
ְסͶʱʼզˣ겻ô
طG˹ӣ¶һСؾ׳СۣĿ
ͽ̧ͷ
ſˡ
͸ϽͷʾϽס
ʱ֧
ƵľСƨɣѽѽ
̸µġ
ˡ
Ӳա
طGߣխӸ˵ʱѹȸзǳ㡣
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ԹϿϷ
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꣬´ζȥҸ飡
ĵ
ϽĿطGγЩ졣
طG
үллˡ


39 
Ϊʲô֮, ź͵Сͣȥһε˯ɡ
ԹһӣͦҴ
ڱ, ڵ, ̵һ˯
ٴЩ, Ҫִ˯ġ
ͷһȥȵطG
˳£Ѻ§ڻ, С𣺡ҳ, ͽܶСר, ˽Ҷơ
ǶҪʲôЦС
Ҷͺˡʲô
ʩʩȻ߽طGˣڴ, ¶Сĸ, šš, ˹үء
һᱻӣ۾
װ˯
ղŻ, Ҫ氮, 岻ˡ
طGüȥС, ȴδ֪һ, ֱﻳһ, ĺߣȾȡ
ôĵСţûа취
үЪɡ˰׵ȥ
Ϩů
ٴ˯ѣСŮЦŻ, ˵үһ͸Ϸţȥá
Ͷʱ˷ЬӶŵŵŵܵǰδ߽вԤУȿ󣬸Ťͷߡ
һź
Ȼû´طGдǾµķı
ٿһʫ
ǰȥѰϣ
ⰮʵЩ
̫ء
ϵͷ㰢д˺ЩӣΪÿնµãǷ˼
ллꡣ͸ɰͰ͵ĵл
ЩǺл
ЦϽŰɣͿʼ֡
ЩǺ֡
ûѡ
ڴǰǰŬ֣С϶棬۵ļϣЩ۵͸
ë޵Сǰˮˮҡ
ԶԶĿţûסЦˣ̹ǿž;úˡ
ţͼϴһȺūţС̫֣˵˹˾ͿʼЦ
˵ҪͺұˡЦü䡣
һżҪ˵Ҷ佫֮ӹǶأ÷
ҵ¶Ҳ֪ˣллӡԭϲͣ¸Ƕһ˾
˵֣ǰĹ˲ڵ̣Ŀ
ӽⱦһСذףҲҪҫ
ϿžЩԥһһϣֵôص
ŲԶĺͣϾµüȫǻϲҾͰ
һСܹڹС̺͸С
üɫϲġ
ϲɵЦˣرСߵߵԶˣЦĸӿ
ԼСͰ͵ĿϣСͷһλУʵûףܽ̽𣿡
ū˵ģǽŽɡ
ǰĪͬвԴɽ髱һƽС֣۾ԥƬ̻˵˶㣬㻳кӣ㲻ԺӻҪԣһԺΪ
ɩӾãֻҪɽڲûա
ţһҪʹȥı飬ϸϽοҲпֵģȵĸµʱ̥ˣë㣬Żĸ׵ĸо
ڴ֮ǰ˶Ż⣬ûκλеĸо
ĸ׵ĸоԼƽ̹Сʵʵ̫ҽ˵УĻûо
һоûС
ﻹڻɣǲԼְĸס
ǾͶˡ֡
ͣǲɷϵǣ̥ĸӶᣬͶĴݻ٣꺢ӣ֪ʲô顣
ԥƬ̣ûн˵ȥôĸʣ̫ʺϺС˵ͽգûʲôá
ЩԼĶӣҲˣ¾ܹ棬ҲѰ
̫ɺͲȷһεʱ뾫ںģþ߲
ɣҲǡ
ϴһӵɻҪߣͼű飬յܹһ֣صĵݸ
ʲô
㿴
Ц̣ǰ괦ѧġ
Ͽ֣ĬˣҲͰˣǻɬѶҽ顣
ͷԼ͵һѶ
׻˵²־壬ֱ־壬ֻҪ˽Ͳ
дʣڰ괦ѧļܻͦá
ϱʾллཱུСƨɵ
ȣ⺢ӡЩź͵֣ʾϽһǸġ
С𣺡Ҳѧʲô˽
ϣ
Ҳлл㡣
һӰŪ͹ˣȥԼСߡ
طGͼǧСƵҽڶʱЩѧ
һ̾Թĵһۣ뻹ǲˣָݺݵšһѣߣ̻ĺ÷ӣ˰˵һҽ飬˵ֱ־ͦãȻҲѧ
ҽƴı˵ʲôҲҪð
طG
ܰ˯ŵĺһ
ϴ´Ƭ̣Էȴֻſ飬ûʱطGɵһ̾
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ͻȻ͹ˡ
ˣһ˯ɣٶ顣طG
ϽĵСϾǾܾüһҹս౳һһ䡣
طGɰͰ͵һͻȻǰ˵ģʲôʲô㡣
ԩ


зͷܲˣֱе߷ϡ
ֱӽᱧ
һţס˯㡣
ϱֵСͨ죬кֲͿ۾
ƫƫ⽿Ĵˮģʵβżֹģ
طG˹ᣬԴΣյ۾κСѲ߮ѹɤԽ
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ȵڶպ˯㣬ͱ΢Ĵƴӱ޶һֻ۾ǰ꣬˲ֱˡ
ڣ˯
Ժ֪˸·͹ԹԵ첲ȡ
֨֨Ƶ˯ĸˣȵطGλλѣЩεİ˯̽
һ˯Сˣǵӣĺ
޴ȥţ˯ȥδʱ䣬ÿζĥ䣬ѧһһ䣬ѧҲͰˡ
ʰãͷһԼĴ齣˯ĹɣɵЦˡ
ɰûסףζʩʩȻȥϳ
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СüͷԼ
˯𣬿ȥˡ
˯һѣ۾ƼһƻЩ£˲۾Ȼˡ
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µ˲յܣżϣĺ귨
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귨Ŵߴߴ
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ӵĿͣʲôر֮˰Σ˱ԼҵĳնѩɰЩǹղζ޼
ʳ˲֪ʲôеԭүܻι̳Էһһϳ̶ȣ²һˡ
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СڴвԣȴÿһҶһԵС硣
ȻûȷӲøûвµʱȷʵû˶Դ˵һ仰

ŷҲЩĵġ
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СԴ룬ʱŴѧӦѾˣţӦѾƻ°ˡ
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ⱲҲҲƮẹ̀ĻΪ˲ǰĲңŬЩٴη
Բ˸¥ã廹ӡ
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С˵ļˣβЩ̲סЦ
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ŵµڳͻȻЩĵʲôǿʲô֮ԭ
ʱ˵ûõġ
Ҷ侲
ڿȵڳһ˲䣬ͻȻ͹˰꣬ɻ磬ССһ˾У᲻Ҳ㹧ķܣһƬ
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ֿ˼ĺͣ۵һ
˵ţ˵
ͻڷͱ˴С֪֪˰սӶԷ˽⣿
쳯Ϲеİƫ
ͷʾͬ
һͷڳʱʼƽкһʱǺͷʲôҪ
£ſź͵۾ʣͨ£㷢ʲô
Ͳ˼Ҫһͻ귨һˡ
һҭͷȴǸӡ
޽㡣˵
͹ԹԵͷ
ȻÿߣǴһƯѣ̻ϲꡣ
͵ײСȻһֱ¶꣬ȴ㹻ϻۣҲסһ֪ʶ
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ʱطGҪԤԼʱ䣬ҪȻæµС˸
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Եı仯ɵЦˣСԴ㡣
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žҪˣȻҪװһ
͵ͷĿէһһ
귨ȹʱҸ׼һСĿҪЦˣҾԲˡ

ཱུС˷ܣС֣ڿһڡ
ÿ˲ڴĲˡ
ǰ˵˵𣿡ʡ
ҡͷŶ
طGȥʱ򣬿ͺʣޣʲôСϲ
طGһãȻ֪
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үһۣȥͣ˵˵һ룬ʵ̫ˡ
ͽİС°ͣϲ˵Ŷ
ü
طGҲü
ССԴеװʲôȻߣɶ
͵Ȼ˵СԴ룬ѾڰǰչֹˣҲ˵ˣǰ껹Ǽǲס
ɼ˵ҲûãͲ˵
ֱƬ̣ʵʲʲôŷӻʾϽ߿
͹ԹԵĸ𣬾ԲСƨȥ׿һֺǺǵ귨ˣҡ
θھڰô
ź͵ߵߵˣСԴ֪ڸطGʲôſžЦˡ
˵綼Ȩ׺ͳ鵶ˮֻкӻһΪ
ΪĿֶ֣ΪĲֶ֡
Ĺ𴽽ǣǸϵҪúסһֱ
ǣŰĴƣССֻסָ˵԰еĳл˵ԵԲ
ϲ϶ĵͷ
طGǣڹǽ΢磬ճϤᡣҲڹﳤһһľļ䡣
꣬ҲϲطG
ͰСԴ룬д㣬;֪ΰطG
żС𻰣Ƕˡ
һ;۰Ͱ͵̧СԴ걧
ˡ
Ż귨˺ܾãŰ˺ܾãС̵Ѫ۶ˡ
طGһ
ЩߣڻͷҲЩ˼ͷСλûʲô˽ģҲΪտ
ϧԷվ̫ӵ£
Щƣ˵ʲôǸˣЩϣΪֱ֣̿ΪˣʶֻܹһƬ⡣
˾һ
طGɫ࣬С٣ϸ˦ȥ
ԽԽ
ûԵ˼ʲôظʣطGͣƬ̺ɫ࣬ʲôˡ
ȻظͽѩɫۣϸĿ˿㣬ⶣϣЩźȥүʳ
ϣ
㷢ʲô衣
ôԶʳ
á˵
ͷ˷ܣֺǺǵĳ¸ֱ֣Ҫ͵ģ
طGͷ⣬ȴɫƴǵࡣ
ϣ
ʳʳ
Խˡ
ȵڶգĺ;æµҪһݶصĵġ
ĥ
һ̶۶ǣǶ٣ͶŲӶ䣬վòҪƯС
һԵĳĿɿڴС̵ģЩᣬſܿζͬû˵
˭˵̵ܳˡ
Сæµϼæû˼վŽūҲԼʼĥôƯʳ
˵ȲְɣҲʮָմˮֻ
棬ݰٺϡ
űǡ
һͳˡ
һ飬Щ٣ַһ顣
ڳˣȻ
ȳʰãҲ쵽㣬˾ʳȥ
طGյѩɫѡ
İףһ죬ǰ׵ѩɫСĵ¼ֽ
ÿĺܡ
ͲסڵĿޣʵ̫ÿˣôƯĶ濪ġ
Сκ죬ַ绪
ڻſڵʱŮˣŷüͷһ壬ֵطôŮ㡣
ߺˡ
ͻȻȰϻһЩȿա
ѺҲ˸ǺﻳҪǴϵǿҪ¡
ʱСһ壬
ŷڻţƽ˲֪ˣ˭ǿ䣬ƽױʱҲˡ
ͥŮ˺ͻƿСģ
䳰
ذɣýˡ
ûС̫һŷͷ롭
˵꣬Ǹŷ˫һ⻧żߣⲻʡ
ԵŷͱͱⷢƢаҲÿˡŷŲԣһͨڵϡ
ͼСϵŻƴӡ
ңҲǺӣϻƴӵģֻаǵá
⻧İֻһλ
ͷһıү
ŷҪǰ΢΢һЦùıӣˢһ޾˦ȥ

ƽϣ䱾
ŷͨһڵϣʱطGȲˣԼʱ㣬Ȼû
˭֪յƼɷŭ˦һӡ
ͷ
۸ɣ۸ǲɡ
ūţһ
ߵϸǰǵĿ£ſһԵŷĮİڰ֣ʱǰŷȥƺ
ͳŸһԲʳУưֵĵطʲôöƣŷŵЩˤȥ
ⲢʲôС¡
طGҲŭȻ͵ȴԯѰ˭ҷŷҲʶա
˽ɡŶߡ
κιԱķȻǽģǱոһռҵĵҲһ
˭ܵš
͵ͷſ˵ĻԼϣܰѶժȥ
Ͼ£Ǳ£ЩѰĵطöˡ
һ·ܶˣطGͽ̧̧򢣬ƽͣСĵĳԲã˵ԡ
һ·ϣˡ
ܺõİ͡
ͤУů⣬̯ʳУͼͷŵģһٺѩĶǳ泴ˣʱ׹
ģ
ʡ
֣ġ
ү˵˳־ҧһڣõɽҩ̵࣬硣
J̰
طGС󣬾ûԹ̡
治ɫүٳ
طGҨһףеʱֶЩ¡
Ʒζʱ֪¶ˡ
J
ֱǻ

ĸӵĳռֱˡ
Ĵָ˱ʾͣһ治ɫĳԵεĵģͼ
طGޣĺܺóԣүϲ
ȴ룬´αˡ
ºһЦѲ˵ǰƣʾϽš
ҺͺˡЦŸˡ
ϾΪ˸طGװһѣװˣ϶Ҫߡ
ȥɣ·СġطGĿСĬĬ͵СԴŲյ֡
̹һ𣬺Ȳ趼ѹȥ
и
ſһյĹ˷£ֱӵıգ˵ܼҲϣо֮ӡ
ӣü۵ʹطGһۣǲɫģ˰һ١
úģһ͸ϽˣϾ¹غͣҲбΡ
֪Թ٩٩̸Ҫˡʲôһڵˣڻ㡣
Թٷ£죿ĵĿޱ顣
һ˲׹һҪվıյĽ࣬˲俪ʼΪ粵
ߣҲ̫ףԼӱŷײǳ⣬ĸܳŴŷŴţһȥҲ޿ָժıհųͽ䣬˵Ȼޱ֣ܱ˵ɾڡ
ԼӶţʲôˡ
ţ۾ŹڵϵԹ٣˼
ԣŷıֵ̫С檣ƽţСٸŭԣһαߵˡ
üղˣ̫ӡ
һܿҹˮûУ³̫ӹطG߹ļ򰲸ѾգСˣϡ
һŵͨһڵϣ
طGţˡ
˵֣Ŵ̤ȥ
̫ȥıӰԵգüܺԼ
۾תתѹ̫үǸûᰡշүĺûᡣ
룬ǶжģѾˣǲǸáջ˵һջȥŵٸүһֵĲ£ˣźñġ
طiԭأüͷʲôģľͷһֻ¾ϵġ
ɫѹ˵ĳϣɴġ
طi
¶ɫվ֪ȥˡҹҿ޵滨꣬˵类Ľٳ࣬Żˡ
үȻԸū棬ҲūǸЩͷԡ
ȿ³󣬾ͼڴǰ֣ģһ䣺㰢дģ
Щ
һͷϵͲֺǺǵҵһܸˡ
СֲֺǺǵȻҾ͸ҽ飬Ϊ˸ӰӵıȻûˡ
Ȼʱˣָдһ
ʯͷԼĽţ˳֪·
Сһ̾дԼȥˡ
ԭԴ˾ıջɫȴ޿κεӣɵЦˡ
һｵһ
ˣûϵҲжӣҲͦӵġ
ūŰţЦŵ
ҡͷŴҰдꡣ
ס
ջĴô쵽ˣڵǣطGһʱͺ;ͶҽжطGٸȻæдû¼ҹˡ
ס
ԹϳԵԼϡ
룬˭Ҳܿຢӣһôܼټ֮ȻҪġ
ǿʼڿҿд
ҲҪͺ͡
Ⱥͺòһͷֻ귨ҲŬĸ
Ҳء
ܾ
ѡ·鷿ͷʮȥֵȥˣûİˣѡȥСࡣ
طһƼ̲סЦˡ
Ŷ
Դӳǰᵽ͹ȻһӦϵҲƽضûġú¡
̣˻һ֣һʶĶûУпֻ޴ߡ
ʱܼܲǰĸͶ֪ûǰڵĸͶġ
֪ǡ
ź͵С֣રવ⡣
ͣ
ѽͷ
⡣
ͫ׵£ô˵ô̵Ļ
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ط۰Ͱ͵Ŀҡͷ
죿顣
ⲻС
ط죬ԹԵĵͷ
¶ﲢûпĺܾϸᶽţٶٶǺòˣǲҲʲô
ЩģƯˣЩʽζżΰͶģźûζ
ź͵С֣۰Ͱ͵ģҧһڡط֪ôŽԼǿį¼š
ͣ


40 
Сطо͸¶Ϣ
ڽž, 룬§󱳣ѹԹ, 㡣
طС, ûס, ໵һ޳
̡Ŀ, С޶ί֣ʡ
ͱ˸, ˲ЩΣӺɰͳǵݸǡ
ռסͣط˲ʲôˣֿʼԹԵ̽顣
Сֽǣź, ΢һ, ҪͿһҪж
Ͳסֻ¿κҪȥ幬ҿط񲻸ȥ, ܺԼĺ, Ͷǽǿǽש, ˾Сӿ١
귨ĺ
, ˸߳
ճС첲ÿ;Сһͨס
ļ˾Ҫףü
һˮ
ΪҪ¡Ͳ
ȻҪ°, ҪȻȻᱻߵġ
ʱЦˣСε£޻ܣϾˡ
״ǹȵģǹĵġͲװͰ͵Ŀſ귨Ųġ
Ц
š
˵ţӭ⣬ܵͷ棬ֺǺǵڱܣߵߵĻͷ귨ץѽץѽ
£Ц
ſ̽һֻССԴ۰Ͱ͵ĿſҲƼˣֺ֣Ǻǵѽ
طվţְͷȥ
ԱȺͿһܹµ
;Լ棬ԼᲱС˵˵ٸˮϴһ¿쳤󣬺ýǧ
ʡ
ԼСӣеֺ񲻶
֪ˣǲҪȻ˭˷ܡ
£ͷǻ͵͵ڵطüͷ֣
طܺ£첽߽ں밲
˵껹ģ
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οɸϣʡ
غĻܡط˵꣬ͱСһԲ
һۣûСӻطGĲ˵۶࣬СҪûͣҪûۡ
ֿͣСҪۣҪͣƽʱͰЦĺģΪģůůġ
ͶڵϣСƨɣڿԿڿӡ
ææµµѰصӣ;Լתȥæˡ
طǴסľ뿪ˡ
󰢸磬ϸЩߴһ
ͰͷͼһƯ㣬˵ĻòݰףʵƯĽ
Ŷ̵Ӧһ
СŮʱʱ̶̿ڹעⲻʱſƮ
ƵĿۡ
ϦµʱſڳһߴӰ˵ӭŹ⣬沿
꣡Ļ
һӵŮū澸ү밲
ͣ
طGüһźʹ̤ߣ밲Ҫȥ
βŻţҲ
˵ҪеطGɫҪµһˣҪʵ۹³ˣͲܺ͵̫׽ˣߵҲϲҲá
ʮҲֺǺǵ
춼û
ͷʾȥ͹ˣطG˶٣ʩʩȻͷȥ
֣Կżӭĵĺһ
ЦĴ飺ʯɫѥ̤ͲµطGҲˡ
ʣʲô
طGѹص¶Ļ˵ţط_һȥ
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ԵĲ˵ʮܼүȻǺõġ
ЩӿӲףϴͺ͵òס۵ĵڵϣˤϡ飬¶ĸҽơ
Ц
طGԭޱ飬¸˫ֱðŭȭͷҪһֻС
ͼ̿ɿɰĶգգ۾ʢǡ
طGû˵ˡ
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üһ۵ͳŹͷʾ⣬Էڵȥ̳Цʣϲĸ
һϴγɫϸ˿ǰЦģִ
⺢ӡЦǿЩЦˡ
ĿͼԷƳһۣתѺ͸ڻɵüͷ
ȡɤӡ
һЦ
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ȷ᲻ᴫӰ
Щԣط_ֺ˿ڲ裬յ͸ǰССʣզˣ귨Ĵˣ޶ˡ
СԴ㿴Ƥ𣿡
񡣡ط_һ϶ĵͷ
һҭԶԶģٰ
ط_ϣڵӱ߱ߡ
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ᶳˡ
ġ
Сү㡣ɲ̺ݻ
һ㶼£طGϻλƵƨɣ
귨
š
ǰˣҲú¶Ц
кͰԵ̣õ⣬ӦоУͳԵСӹĹġ
̫ó˰ȡС죬
ϵ̣ụ̈
СٳԾͳһ
͵һʲôȻҳԱˣһܳԡ
̶ֶֶֺꡣ
һȦգط_ֿǾЩɾһ̾춼ᣬҪСүڸǰô졣
˵꣬žͳһ˭ǰСү
Ƿᡣ
ط_ԼԴŲ뷴ⲻĸ磬˵ẹĵӡ
꣬ˡط_죬Ŀڡ
룬ֺһơ
ط_ҷʵʵˣ͹˹ССʣָ𡣡
ܺ档
طGζЦˣȥ㰢ţȥ귨
طG
ģ
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ԿȣΡΡվԼཱུСָ֣ȥ
žһ졣
Цˡ
ûסжĥȻ;طGĶˡ
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ڡ
̹ˡ
ȫûܺ͵
۵طGŭĶ㣬ǿԻȥˡ
طGź;ߡ
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ʲô֪
֪ıеĻҪࡣ
򴽣һ˼
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ı
͹ԹӦ£ŴŴҺͶﰮ㡣
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룬ô̻Щʡ
Ҷָ֪Ͷ
аס
ǹµ䡣
طGһԺҲݣЩ谮ǲΪ˸̫ΣС
ط|һֻΪ̫ӵĥʯ
ҲпǺ̫ůġ
طGС
Ȼظŵſڵţһ͸ϽӭǰЦŵĻô
ˡ

ͬʱڣϲɵЦˣźͣѽ
˼粢Ժߣ·߶ˣԵø̣ĸŵƣطG۱źͣɤӣȥ鷿˯
УҲˣѹסԺЩ񻰡ȥûΪƶʡ
¡
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תˡ
ڵϵĺͣ
ĶţѹаԼϵģ
ɫľȻҧҧӣȻã
ԺվһһĴүǲͷˣԼ
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˵Ķԣһΰ·߾ˡ
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ÿһļϡ
ɻǺѹ
ᣬǿװĸûһ糣ź͸ϰֺϴڴߣ˯
̹Թ˯һֱ㡣üᡣ
͹ԹԱ۾˯æµһĺʦҲۡ
˯ˣڵҹţеûУľ
ԼСİοԼ˯˯ɣ˯ʲôˡ
𣿡ͳԵ
ԭأһͷ
үͷ˵
طGһ߽Уһֻס°ͣǿеʹ̧ͷ
ˣ
𴽽ǡ
ЦЦĴָӵ꣬յĽģܸܶԷĺϡ
ζ
βκ죬ˮ⣬̧򢣬һˮջ䡣
ûŵ
طGſ𵶵ڴϣ۵ձָӡβĴˮ⣬Ųģǳ
ʲôñǼ˲Ǽ⡣
ϴ䶯δڣϱ㸲ȵĴ
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ĸˡ
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㲱զˣĴ
طGɫ΢٣ҧˡ
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𴲣һϴţطGȥæˣ˲̫õĲ£ڻôãһֱŹԱȣ̫˵ˣȥЩĹԱ̸̸ġ
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طGͦգȴȥִˡ
ϾطGˣܵøҲҲ١
ææµµꡣ
ڱ飬˵߳ݵ䣬տʼչѧʶʱÿ϶ǲɵġ
ԼȰѻѧˡ
̺ĶУ̤ųˣһЦԹҲڡ
Ц̣Ư
ܻңûһͶ˳ĲڹǰƯԡ
϶ʱЦļۡ
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ܺúõѾˡ
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ͼЦЦ߸ҵѾߣò绨ԭǡ
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Ӱ룬֪жٹۡ
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һʱЩãȻ֪ôȥˡ˳ˮۣˡ
߸ô˵ʡ
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ܾܾɫЩϧҹһ˵˯鷿ȴܾܾ
תߵʱ
֪ʲô顣
ƿԣȦ˲ͺˣŮѡ
ϵͷ
յģЦŵ߰ɣȥתת
ԽţԽǻ˼룬ʱˣȻǲɵġ
ȥҲҪȥ͵ߵߵܹ
ȥ¥תתϵ
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߳ȥͼԶүˣһĺϰˡ
갢꣡壿
˷ܵĺСɤӲ㶼ˡ
طGյ߹һۣü᣺
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ЦʲôЦ淳
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ط룺
ϵЦ
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ѹҪɣ
ط룺
дΡ
ĸƢθζ챻ˡ
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ط˿
ͼǰһͬĿԼ
طˣΪĿġ

Ưϸۣǳмëӡ

ط룺
ò
һЦˣֺǺǵ˵öԡ
ÿӿСˣЦޣȥϰҵı
ط롭
ʲôŭԹˡ
֪
طGޱ飬˸Ǹͬܣǲ鷿طǽ

ķǵС
һˣΪطĿں岻ʹĹϡ
ط뵭ƳһۣϵЦҲסˡһЦĸ硢ɩ棬˵˵Ϊ⣿
ϺЦǰĺˡ
졣
طƷζ߸
ˢľˡ
һֱڱҽ顣Ǳ͸ġ
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طε̾طG棬Щݣȴõūţүˣͳɹ¼ҹˣ㻳УʲôûҪ
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ĸɩڿԶطٵһ֣ŷſ
ȻͿĿˡ
Ŷ̾һ¡
϶ʱߵĺȴԾǿţͦأŶʲô
Ϳתƻ⣺Ǻ«ԡ
ղƼˣڡ
ȻտҲʲôûС
ɤӣ£ſڹϻƯüۣԡ
ɩȥ¥ݺݵһ̧̧ͨ򢣺ϰ˳Ǯ
һ˽¥
˴ĺÿִһݵŮˣƹһ֪ˣϽǰֺǺǵλ롣
ţĽš
۶գƼÿľҪ򣬿طۡ
ҵײᡣ
ɳ߿⣬ûʲôǮȻԼҲ⣬ֻТʵ׽⡣
ȷʵǮ鱦Ǯͷ
ܾȴŲ졣
ˣ˵ˡ
߸ûǮ
ȴ֪¸¾Ĳ񣬵ö౸ЩΣʱãôȹˡ
ͲͬȻǰ³游ܹܣ˵ҲԺչǮȱ
ֶܳ裬ﲻ֪ŶǮ
ȻЩʮĵġ
벻Ƿ
طɫЩӣת˲ЦŵԼү취
һ
ʲô취
ѡ˺Щˣװ䣬ūŶܳŷ
͸Цŵ
طûоܾ
¸Ĳ񣬸պÿ쵽꣬ʲôУּˡ
Цŵ
ԾΪ˸˱Žģɴ˿ɼүͦó衣
ط;ãΪ£ڸҲվ˵ˡ
궫ŸԻˡ
ϻЩߣں࣬§ССӣȥطGϳȵºȵˡ
ߣҹûơ
ͿǸ
С֣ס꣬סȻ˫ֽ
Ͷ־ͽһ
еһٵɿ֡
طGЦһû
һľһ֧
ƼˣϿ϶ÿԡ
ϺߴӵĴӹԼ˲ˡ
ɲ
һɲ
һ̾ƣڲסЦ
ذɡ̧򢣺׼ǣҸ߹֡
˵Լ̲סЦˡ
ͱطGĴȱģҲҪ
طGû
ȻǺϱҪ
ȻԺйĵطϾɿ֣ʩʩȻĻҡ
ڶǱȥϿΡ
޿룬ʮ궼ʵ̫ЩȻϺȽ죬ѪԼرԡ
˹ȥϳˡ
Լ鷿ȥ飬ʱطѾҡͷԵڶ飬˷ܵĲˡ
͵͵ĴԼĳ˵߹Ȼԡ
ģͺʡ
طССأ¶ҵʱ͵͵ģҪͳԡ
Ȼ
̼ǵͷһμʱŰСȭͷɼǱ
ڻ귨ǰ¡
ڵؾԺ
;ЦҳԹˣˡ
طЩʧ䣬ջ֣Ͱ͵Ĵͷ
˺ˣҲж㡣С֡
طһε֡
һɣ˿
ŵĻλ֣ƭģطʱס
ı
ӣЩ顣
̽ɤӣ˶֣Ͻˡ
¿κ󣬻Ⱥô˵١
ˡ
յľ幬ܡ
ȵˣͼǰһ٣ССһֻžͿɰ
Ŷ
ʱ̵Ĵʵ̫óˣֺǺǵʣ귨Բԣ
İɫ綼ɸɾĵݸԣСԴʣóô
ͷ
ûסס㣺õ̡
͵ͷõ̡
õģû֮һ
ʱҡͷʧЦóԼİˡ
룬Сͷһµ㣬ۼֿס죺԰㡣
һһ֡
˲ˡ
ô˵ٳԼˡ
ϲ޿ӣԲСʣϰ˸ˣȥҲˣ
ʹס
ͷſ
Ҳ̫˰ȡЩ棺զ֪ģ
Ц
֪˼ٷ𣿡
١
˼ˮ
ı
˼̣
롣
ˣĿɿڴſȫǳݣѹզ֪ģѧѧ
ҡͷҹָһ㡣
ȻǼٻ
һƴڻҲû˵ǲǻˡ
Щ˵̫ס
ڿ⣬֪ĶԶԶȴҪࡣ
ڿΣرأҪٲŬܱ˻Ǯ
Ͱīдɣдϣ鷭á
ĺӣǻᷢ⣬һ۾;̹Сȥˡ
ͱܿ죬Ҫлеĺƿڵ˵ϰһ飬ͦġ
Դɵüϲ̫ҲǼϻ۵ģѧʲôر졣
úӣ飬ٲĺôüᡣ
Ѻͱڻһָ
͹ԹԵģ٩٩̸
طGʱ򣬾ͼڶ飬һһСԼһԣҲΡ
ʱҲڻһһĽд֣ʶǾţǴЦ⣬ʱѵĲˮ˳ԡ
ɫģģѾǲʶЦòˡ
ˡ
طG۽ĺͣнԺ
ôϻ۵̡
ġ
һ̧طG˲ﲻʹˡ
źͣȥˡ
˷ܣ귨˯𣿿Ժ˯𣿡

ⶼʲô˯ࡣ
ɣ㻹ǻذɡź͵ĺ죬ӸطG
ڿлһԲĺŵİֱУ
طGʵĻ˿
귨ɲӡ


41 
طGһ, ЦҪ㰢ꡣ
һֱŵģڿеʱ̫šžߴˤڵϣǾͲè, Ǵèˡ
طGȵĶס, 밲ˡ
귨ӻӡ
ڰ, ʾ˸ϽߣȻ᲻á
طGѺͿڼͷʩʩȻߣСȰȵ˵ѧɵʫ
Сɽʵϲ
طGɤ, ͵ѧʫʱʲôо
ûоʷˡ
زȥĹȥ
;Ͳ˵ˣ˶·, ŷֲ, СԴ, ԹԵȥģ
ǻؼҵ·
ǽ÷, ȥ档طG, ʩʩȻǰߣںûӦʱʱ, һжֵһᡣ
Цˡ
ʰ꣬һжֵһᣬοҪա
ͣ
, ͼ, ӣ۰׵Сϲá
ˣطGӨգʣʲô̹ģ
⻰ǰ϶ҡͷ, ˿ͷˣδµ
ԭΪ⺢ǸԵģҲĥˡ
Ȼ
طGһס֣ˡ
Ҳ˵ϣס
ౡԹס
˵˵ЦЦģܿ÷԰÷԰Ư÷˪ѩһƬ֦ͷ
ѩƮ£ǰк죬ǰһ
ֺǺǵܵ÷£ſ˫ۻÿ
Ⱥūſʼôߣ͸ˣԭҪڴ˴ԡ
꣬˵Ҫ⣬ܳĺһ߰˼
֪Լûгߵ졣
طGһۣ޶һԵϣˣȰˡ
۾Ц
ܺͶһԷҸСȣСؿ֦ϣԴһԲİ
ǡ
ԹĺһԵˣ׵ָȥժ
һ˸ء
طGͷſϾûͦġ
˵žԶԶ̤𣬽ط_ĸ磡
ֺǺǵĳϲ
۾Ҳˣһ֦Цʮ塣
кͷֳһƥͼطAϣЦеĳ˴к
ģʮġ͡ĵáһʾ⣬˵Ƽط_˵ĳֵһ䣬˵ڴ˴ԣ͸
طA˼ܼ򵥣ֵϵ˵֧ʱ𱳴̾ͳɡ
Զ
ææµµѰأ죬ϾЩģҪͱطGסˡ
ѩ·Ҳܿ𡣡
һ£вסԸ˿ԣ֣طGְסˡ
ʮģͣ⡣ϲɡ
ط_
͵Ǹ߸˵Ĺǿ⣬ǼȽһ㣬æҵϣ˷ˡ
಻ѵĿ⣬ҿ۰Ͱ͵ĿԼ꣺ԡ
طGЩ޴졣
ôӾǸʶТӣûгԹôĿ⡣
˵ţԶǣ߹
ʮ壡ͻСִк
ط߽Ц˴кں߱ȻӹĻһ⡣
պܺá
㣬ͣǺܸӵζⱻĺζҲеڻϵζ
Ϻط˵ٰƤŵݸͣЦŵ԰ɡ
㡣ֺǺǵĽӹϲĲˡ
طGһۣùһϺİţ˿ڿˮѾܸܵϺζˡ
۵
Ȼ
طG˹ذ꣬˶ΪҪ͵ʱݸϡ
ЩԣһˡʳǼر졣
СԴҲŰϺСӼۣտõϺر̣Ϻͷʱ֭ˮ
Ҳ壬İϺڵĵݸڳԿϣԡ
áĸЦᡣ
үŸϺԣطæŸͰϺԣһԵط_ţﲻþ壡ĸһĸͬ
ҲҪͰϺԣԡ
ʱæһ⣬һϺæĲˡ
أʮ̫˰ȣóԡͳԵӹĹģûոϺԡ
طAżγջԼǰտҲ˿ʳ
ڿҶġ
ȳ˵ӣطGͽū¾ƣطAƵʱ˳ҲˣֱطGסˣ˵ܺȣȻźͺ̾ͳɡ
ͲɵЦҵ̷ֶһ롣
طA۾˼طGǻţǰϺǲúȾƵ̬˲²⡣
ܲǲˣʱЩ֣иȫøʡ
ϧĸûˡ
طAĬźȾƣҲ۰ӶƽȥŮˡ
طAֹ˿ھƣ̵ĺžƣһϸ²ָطG
ӳ档طGӵݸһС̫࣬ϴϴ֣ЦŵϾµһˡ
طAɫ
ϲϷ飬Żмֳ
šطAӦˣֹһƣһȥƶˡ
˳ԳԺȺȣ伫ˣΧŻ¯տǾȺůڵġ
̶ֵֶֶĺȣûһǼðϸСý˲ſطϣܰҸæ𣿡
ط鴹ʲô
˵ͱСˡ
˶棬뿴Ҫʲôûһ˾ֻˡ
ת¶סĻ
һ÷
ССš
ϺЦӹϵЦֹס
ÿĿ䡣
ֻž¶Ľ
طGӵĿźͣԴ⺢ӳ󣬸ԽԽѺˡССĺӣ𸣽ֱǵӦ֡
ԭ࿴ۣԷСκ죬ɬĲˡڲˣкΪ
˶ԱȣȻӡ
ǸţȻǸӡ
ͻȻޡ
ûɵ
ǿŸõЦ־Ҳͦá
Ů¶ľЦȫȫֳݵĿ㣬Ҳرá
طAҲʾѧˣüط顢ط_ѧŵ㣬ʱϵĹⷨӺõĽ
ûϵֻŮᷳ
ɫİ
ѩҲˡ
˳Աˣһûһ죬˵˵Щ߷Ȥ£޵
ɫˣ͸ɢˡ
ʱЩԸ棬һ껳һѣ˲ˡ
ûͱ۾˯
С˯ŵʱǸɰС飬ϲĲˡѵϵ磬ںϡ
طG˿ͻӶ磬棬ʣ𣿡
ĸأ
طGʵϣܾ
СֲʵؼطG֮ǰջ֡
ûͦ
طGû
Ŀ񣬻ǵ೤ĺǸϢ
ȻԺѺͷڴϣ˯ãطGת򸣽ЦЦĿ
˻ˡƿӣһɣ͵Լ˯ˣҲζطG
Ϩˡ
һȵĻ
˯ɡͳԵ
Ϥζ۾Щ˯ţͷѣ۵ݵϵϸ⡣
ӦֹԹԵţһҺϾ˯˵ı顣
طGĺ󱳣û˵
˵һգûһ˯ˡ
ڶպˣͼطGѾϳȥˣ̿ǰ֪ڲŪʲô
Ļ
Ц߹ӱˣ
˵žѬõѹСûѬ㣬ҪѬȣŲů͡
͹ԹԵС֣ϸѣһʣء
֪ϳȥˣʲŰġ
Ȼ˵ȥϳ˵ϻЩأڶ֪үǰó裬ÿһҪȥ鷿飬ҪүԽӣî׼ʱܶࡣ
̵ŶһطGˣû档ϻУƵʳʶʽ½
ԼȥС⡣
Ѿǳл귨͵ģ岮͵ġĶһӡҪѰأûûֵĺ
è̾СƨɣææµµѰأܵصСʵ̫ˣǰСֱѾûˡ
飬εСװã鲻ͣڿлƯߡ
ļƽѣһСܶסѡ˷ԼǰߵСľ
кܶ࣬Ĳ˵
æ˹Ѱͼڵддһ˼
ʲôأЦʡ
;Сߣأء
Լ£ǰЩӶ飬͸ԼŸ٣һ
ǣߣССèһֶգһЦŵĻģССèһ
;СٺЦ
סŷཱུСԼ
ϱֵûӣͰ
˵Цͼͷū˵á
Ȼ
ÿζǣϴ˱үҵľҪٹһˣ˱ˡ
Цŵ
Ͻͼڴǰ滪ݵЦſֳִϻֹˡ
ҪǮһѡ
ʧЦҡͷ˵ӵƤ룬;ڱţˡ
ԹԺ͡Ҳſһ䡣
ͶʱˣСֺǺǵҸﵹˮȡ
˵͵ߵߵæȥˡ
ԡۣԼҸЩСӣӤʱڿĿޣ˾໵Ŀޡ
ûʲôӹƫƫү˵飬Ӷǰ˱ﶼ˵Ե
˵ȨˣɷϵǣȷʵЩ⣬ǾӻƣӲ֮ͬĲͬ塣
㸮٣ּ򵥡˵һ䣬ôڸǰ
һ㶼ôġ
ʱӺ͵ףֵܵҲһѡ
ʵھá϶ԲյƵһڡ
ϱ첻̸ÿ˸һĽĵõģ͹ϵƶıոҲ٣ϵͺܺá
˵ͻݴ
ǰүǰѵģеӰʵһ
Ҳԭıűɽӡ
ڵǷ衣
ʱĽ㡣һʱ־ãźôˡ
֪˼û˵
˾ĽˣٱĽ
Ϲ˻죬ʩʩȻĻˡ
һãȻĿŶģ
ϵͷ
סΪطAһԿˣҪһˡ
ʱöǻӣ⾺ʵõ
ʱ־ã̫Ӵλȹ̣ٲûгطAطŴʲô֡ϻ۾Ĺ͹ʷ
ͷ󰢸еʲôţҪ˼ұȡ
ȵطGڵˣ
Ͷʱһ̾Ծʲô֪
طGСԴع
ʲô֪
˵ţϵˣʱүôá
ЩĻٷЩʣµľûʲôˡ
ڹŴľֵ͵˸ϣȥԵʱ򣬲˾ˡ飬ģÿζԡ
Դ˵ûʲôֵ˷ܵģǶԺ˵ȴΪ治
̻ζŹĵζ
ͷһι꣬С˷ܵĲС
˯ʱطGʣ꣬ǹѹǮ𣿡
طGأС
۾ˣҪһǮˡ
ǿһۣ֪ʲôطGסСˣ˯ɡ
͹Թ˯
һЩ˯ţθ﹣ĻţҲ֪ʲôеۣ˵
ܡһš
طGͿϣ˵ͳڱϺԵĶûԡ
̫ҽطG
ԼһҲ͹ȥˣͲŶ㣬϶ȥ
ϺԶˣڱҲȷ
û°ɡ
̫ҽľǿҩʲôҪ
طGȴûƽҲͰˣ˾͵óҩ
̫ҽˣϹ˵ԵϺˣҩӣŽūȥҩ
յģܣúȿҩ
ܼӱ
òһ̡
ϺʱֻŸԼԵپЩԣ˭֪ˡ
һţŶӺ
ʵܵ
طGڻιҩĸӣյСӣЩۡ
ʳĵеģƣզ˰ԼԻˡ
һûС
طGҲ᲻˵ˡ
ҹˣкθڵûһ㶫Ű˯ˡ
ڶ컹
;ͱӱڳϴŹ
ʵûطG
κ飬һСɫ԰ףʱˣˣ
طGСθ
ٲүˣҲҪġ
κ鲻ҶŻȥ͵С籧ȥϸ˷硣
ʱүҲý
һ˵Ϊ£´󰢸粡أǰľˡ
طGͷʢ뿪˺⡣
˯С˵ĺͣѰҲˣҲùźܡ
طGοθˣСۣԭˡ
ʱ־ûеĽϧѾȥδܵĽ
ˡ
˽⣬Ը
ϳĬƬ̣תҽ˵￪
Ⱥ˯ѣɫѾ
Ưĸ㣬ֻģԭƢθ¸ǲܳԡ
Ͻ·ڹԡ
ͳԵ
ĺĲһϵЦʡ
Ϊ귨Եһ
࣬ȼҲͬȻ͵ݾǶ䡣
Ŷûʲô
ڹʱʱ귨ԵһԵġ
ʲôϡġ
ֶſҩ֭ӹȣͿСűӰҩˡ
ⲹѪҩҩеζβҩǾζˡ
һ֡Ѻȡ
Ŷ֡
Ƶ²ۣ˶ˣ˺üˮŰҩζѹȥ
ģҲˡ
ǿ׳ẹ̀ȿˮ͸㿴̡
ϵݸһ۽ҪǲܣͲúˡ
ϾСһָ
ָ߸˵ȥˣָͷ㣬٣٣á
Ȼ֪һʡ
ݡ
ˣҪΡ
׵ĺܣȴòϿεƵ̫ͣȻǴϻ۵̽롣
ڶգյı˴ӱڳһϴ̣۾̺ܰȵ
Ƚ˸幬ϳǰ˵˵ջһֻ״򲻶̡
󺰣ԿȻ
ȵúܡ
ûٽκ˯Լϳȥ
˭֪³˯š
ĵͷûʲô⣬ŷ˯Լһӡ
һ߽Ǹ裬һԸĥī
ˣʡ
ߵһر֪ΪΣԼˣ˭֪˯š
Ŀſү¡
һתͷŹȥҽǧٶ롣
ˡ
һʱָֻ˻Ͳźѹĺ
۾Цһ䣬ūŹϴ
ҽˣֽҽõѾ˵Ϣŷ
Ҳ
ǰһɤүûʲôġ
ǽ˹ź˭֪ôʵЩⲻȥЩҹ˯ãվ
үȻˣҲͺϣҽ
ϲϡ
üˣŻҽ
СѾСҽЦǺǵ
ϲֲ¡
ϸ룬Ժٹؼʡʮ궬У¡
ͫ׵
ԭ֤طmĵһزۣһ֮´С硣
˵ΪϲȥĶҪš
Ժ͵Ĺ۲귨֮ڣ˭һƫģкܶǣÿ˶
ԵİգĿԼһǸڡ
ʵϣ˭ͦá
˭ǡ
ͿԼĶӣһϲʤǰҲˣ־檶ˣʵҶ롣
ڽͦá
Уϱ١ѹӦЩҲС̫ȥ̫֧һиеŴϡ
̵ˡ
ţչſ
ʲô̵ЦǺʡ
ãҲˡ
ҡͷԼСҶȥˡ
ȥ鷿ˡ
ĻɬѶղ״̬
һطˣ͵Сֶȴһֱû
Էˡ
طź͵С֣Ͱ͵޲ֱں͵ϡ
Ҫֵܾͬͺˡһֱһ
ͣ

кҪصİͼ³
ȸֵͼ³
ҡͷεľܾԶֵܣطгһջɳΪͼ³
վڸ̨ϵ̽ɤӣ˵ʱΣԹΡ
¿κ󣬾ͼʮ尢ʮǣ֣һȥ֣һˮԵġ
طĽĲˡ
ҲҪ
ϧûС
ͲôճƽҲ࣬ǵӰ롣
ҲĽСܵڲż£̧ͷҪ
ѡ񲻿Ǿ飬ʵжûʱһȥ֣һȥԵġ
㲻ֵֻøھֵûʲô
ߡ
ͰС°ͣͰá
ھҵѹ˲Сģ㲻ֵܱĲɣҪǱֵĺãǾ͵ñ
ʮ尢ʮ类Ŀ಻ԣ褺뷨
Ƕ˺ü꣬ȴһ̡
طѾˣСļм䣬ϱȲŶ±Ȳ̵ھ
СԴŬ̽Ρ
ʮ尢ʮѾ۷Ȼһ㣬ҲԹԵǰѧϰ
̫ˣ۲
ͻᱳˣˡŴߴߴĻء
ѧϰûз
ʮʮˣԼ﹬Ÿһķͣ˵Ҫϴ硣
Ϊʦʮһ
СԴһҴ硣
ʮһ£ЩԣýкСֶš
ʮ尢Ѿʹʹĺ磡
طЩ£⵽׷ʲô֪ʮʮͼǽǣ̡
磡еıʮ廹졣
ʮǰˣ̣Ҳĺ磡
ȿڣ뿴ϿʲôΣ˴˷Ĵ
ЦǰʲôСϷͼཱུСظһȰʮ塢ʮʮߵ
ǸһƴԴ

ʲôʡ
ͽ̧̧򢣬СԺһҸϵСܣ
ִĺ˴硣
ü
źͳʣô£
è޹
˽ȥ󣬿յʮˮ䰴Ҫɽú;ѹôѰ٣ô̸ɽú
棬ڸʱûӦ֪һ١
źˡ
͵С۰Ͱ͵Ŀ
ֵȣһд֮Ļ˻֡
ͦ档
̽Եſɫӣһڸɵ̣ϸſ
ȨʢʱȨˣһһһִݲȵĲŭ
귨Ȳ衣
귨Ҹ硣
귨Ҹ㴷
ڵĲˣб۾˵ɣʲô£
һССҪ󡣡ͽŸ첲Сȴָסˡ
̸ֱӾܾ
ϴεĺ¼ء
ľһ㣬һ仰¡ָôС
ʵ棬͵ͷ˵
幬кܼžŵĹ㣬пϵıѩζ
̶еС𣺡귨ҵҲỤġ
˵ÿһ֣Ǻһ;Լˡ
ڴʱͷС̫˵ıүӴ󰢸硣
һۻ뵱̣Цŵ㰢꺰磬޾ˣΣ
;ĿС֣֪ºʵûа˵ºЦʱǾñɹʸߡ
֨ѽһƿ
Ź⣬߽һߴӰϻѩζ
˫ӣͷѩһ¶ȡ
밲򰲡
밲ġĿſԷһߴٵ
طGؿүü۹˾ü֪Ǻ«ʲôҩ
ɫŽżԼСѩ󿪿ڡ
ʮ塢ʮ塢ʮ嶼ҵˡС֡
طG
˵ϸֳһĨ㵣̲ס̧ȥǰĺꡣ
ŴЦһ
طG;Ǻ֣궼ûϡ
ͿԼ۰Ͱ͵Ŀ½ǣ꣬ܺ𣿡
ڿУŬĹΪԼСܵĽשߡ
طG
ˡ
Ͳʹˡ


42 
ˮơ
طGĿſ, Σ
߻ˡ
üСڴĵĿ, ཱུСƨɾһơ
֣͡
ͱĵСƨɶ˻, ŲŽŲǽվһ䱸ĿСƨɵĻ귨
ôܴأŴߴߴ
طG˫΢۾, ȥֻ̡ҪûͲûš
, úӻС
͹С, ŲŲ, 鿴ſġ
һЦ磿
ˡһཱུ̾СҴ磿
˵žͿ
Σ׻˵ú, ԷĴ, ǾöԷ硣
طG
㺰Ϊ磬үʲô

ȲסɫɵЦŮծ, ծζ
ؼҰ㡣Ц
͹С, ǲ⣬Ҫ˵, طG챧ˣ˵ˣ˵һ, ϸ׹ҲҪᡣ
ʩʩȻˡ
˵ӰЩ˵طGƢǻȴἫˡ
ߴӰǣСССͣ½Ųʲôɽģ
ɵЦˣһｵһʵ١Ҳ꣬طiĵʱ޴롣
͸ŰһžΪʲôҪϴ磬ͻأ˵ˮ䰴õ
͵Ҫ硣
طGʱʲôǵˣ򲻻ǵ˵磬Ⱥܶ󣬱ȻᱻٷЦһͨ
ʱˣѾһࡣ
סŽżֺǺǵ겻޲ޡ
طGһ
ү㡣ӣЦ޹
ʹס
ĺĺȴЦǰ޹
ĹĵԼһԣſڳϣƿ⿴ѩһԼֹԹԵ
Ȼرո̤ҹɫŴŴĸϸ״ޣҪױ
С첲ཱུСĺ
طG˫ָ
ϸϸüûаοͣǳҹɫ˿ŽżȥطG򢣬ǳЦ
ű׵ĺ˲סįתߣǴȥˡ
һߣϾЦ
طGҲüͣһԵĸʲô
ϰͷ˫ҹɫԣʱʱ̶̿Ѻӷϣ๫ǡ
˵꣬üӯӯĿһۣתˡ
Ҫȥ͡
طGʱԭأβЦˣԭⲽ£鷿ȥͻȻʲôзޣʲôкӡ
Ҫǡ
ܽԺû˹׷ſڣСԴ⿴ȿˣ͸ϽںƣСԴ죬һꡣ
ǰһֻ׵С֡
һǹ
ɢζ
죬סҪЦˡ
ѽСǹᱻֻСɰԵأŮ
Ŭš
žô㣬϶ɣôһ飬ҪϺþء
Ц
ҲͲסЦ˽ֺǺǵңң
ιǣ̵ζèõ˫ղΪʲôװˡ
ĲԹԵš
ţſϳǣͻȻ֧ӣܵǰûи㽲ͺðģ
ڽˡЦ
˸˵ʲôģҲ͵ġ
ϲָо
Ҳ㡣§ݺݵڣš
һţطG鷿ææԼˡ
ͳҰ꣬ͷűӾ˯ˡ
ֻСһ˯״򲻶
ϸյСƣȥߣЩ˯ţϰ˱˯εӰֻʱ򣬱Ѷůȡ
Ŵûһſ˯ˡ
ԺǷˡ
ȵڶ˯ѣﱧ˵£طGϳȥˡ˯̯Сӵĺ͡
ཱུСڱͷװ۵ķŷۡ
ϰСѾŲСŽžѡ
۵СѾЦŻҸԵ
С˲ˡ
¹ǰЩȻǣ
һԵСŮЦеظĻҹүģ˵ǵ˺ӣ͸Щ˵ÿջŴ
ˣŪӵѣǱסЦ⣬ﰵ룬ȵ꿪󣬶ˣ͸ôװˣǲࡣ
ֻװҪƤӵĶ࣬˵Щʱ᲻ôࡣ
ܵˡСŮ̵
ٿСŮһԵӣ¹ڿգͷ²ø֣ͷ
ֵ䡢ⱦӣţڳɢŶĿʡ
ûӵôͷ档
ϺۿûгһջӵЩֻŴ룬үô࣬һ䶼ûᡣ
һǻȳ£ȴ֪ʲôҫ
ˡ
طGʱ򣬾ͼ飬ĿŽӴˮ⡣
ү
繡
طGһü
ӣǰתһȦʣÿ𣿡
˵ÿģǶڴ񣬻ǵͷһ
϶ʱЦˡ
ָ⣬Сϲ
һȦҲ֪ϲѣ˵ϲ
طGü۲ȴĺˡ
æԿԺϰæĺ䤱Ҳϧ
ڿ˾Լܹˮˮȥæ
ͣϰôڿʲôϺʡ
СͲ߶һŶðҪ֪ˣ귨϶Ҳּ֪ͬ
Ỵ̂ܵ˲á
Ƕ𣿡ˡ
ԼСӣɵͷش󶼲Է
۵ĺö뷹ذصĳ˺ЩˣطGֱüͷٳЩ
̫ˣԸ⿴
˹ĳԣԷǰ׳־һȻСӳԵıģʵ̫ˣ̱ϣ
ȥб۾
ͼ齷ӡ
ȥˡ
׳־أĸʡ
𡣡һء
ʣʾǳԱˣҪ˯
СЩΣУɡ
طGŲˮƳһۣᳰͣ
ڵ
˶ΪҪͼǿˣͨһȥԡ
ϲǱɱ
ܵС
طGһҭô
˾ظ£طGĥæ£ټڣѾЩˣûи
üͷ֣ͷһӻᱻʵ۴ڶò׼ˣ˵û͡
űʣڤ˼롣
ʳر򵥣ʲô
ԱԺ껳ԣ˯
طGͱڴϣŽСֽŵȣ˯ӣɵЦֻСһ֪ܶ
״򲻶
طGȵС֣ڱո˭ұ
Ҫġ
ϴαػˣɽͷƽһ飬вƽϢͷ֮ޡ
˵ĹȥرůͼգҪʱ򣬿ٵ
ǰʱ͡ط񼸸СͷżˣȥϿΣڹˣͳɡ
;ͳ׵ջîǲȥϿΣڸ幬档
ĲС
ʱڣĺöࡣ
ͳʲǣǺ«ֵĲɿ֧ιֺǺǵ귨Ҳԣ𡣡
ôģ˵Ҳϲѹźˢ˵ǿԣǼʱ
Ҫǻ͸Ǹˡ
ͺıԼݣԿǺȿˮû꣬ȹ˸ˮίͰ͵Ŀſ
˺Ρ
ٽ꣬طGҲæææµµﱼʱӺͣطͻȥ
Ϊˣط_ݺݵһͨ
ö춼ûԼĺĸ磬˭ˣһ˭֪ĺʮֵܲѾãûͺþֱˡ
ط_ãǺ͵ʮ壬ƾʲôطͣǿ
ȻطGûͣĿ
үпү˵ΪʲôүǿȡֵСط_ķǡ
ԽԽ
ﲻط顣
˴СӰ룬ط_͸ˡ
طŲ˵û취˵ôط_ͣǱЩˡ
ͺӸϵ
˵ʲôԡ
ط_ķŭҶˣҲˣȻЦ⣬ıոĲ
գ԰档
ϣӳȥ󣬾ͽкû޵ȻҪôʡôܰ޸ɱޡ
ͦоġ
źתŲٶƭ۾;
Լ̣ôôϲ
СϲˣѾǵøտʼкͽıˡֻ֪Ѻ͵Լ̣žͻϲ
ˣѾܿһʱˣһƨڿͲ
귨
СǶǣȷʵģͽūŸԵģЦʣҪʲô
⣡
Ļش𲻻䡣
áӦ£ȵС㰢ӻȥͲˡ
ȹϡ
˵仰ĲᣬǶůһģһ˵ߣɬĺܡ
Сһﾢͦ
ſĴƣ귨ģȹ￴㣬Ҫˣʹҽţæš
ҪúóԷĳԣȻúôѣůůġ
أ᲻û귨
ЦĲУֺǺǵ§ͺˡ
һʱҲ᲻á
͹ԹԵǽ޳ָԼСָ˱ȣ˼ĸһ
ǵʱҵһ𣿡
ʡ
ûע֪طGֳʲôӡ
Ӧһġ˵
ͶʱЦˣֺǺǵľԼС֣ҲҪ޳ơ
˵ţͲɵЦˡ
ҲЦ
ϲ§ôӵĸоǺġ˵ŻĶֵֹС˵ꡣ
ĲʱЦ
١ѹ˵԰÷ˣֺǺǵĴչ밲
͡ЦŴк
һСɰǰ˵ͳĸСͯһѩɰ檻룬ܳʲôڼˣ׹
ԭܳĸһ
Цĺ
ҲСЦ
ף㻹һѡܺ档
ͲɵЦˣԣҶеġ
Ƴһۣ룬ɲеģǲЦİ꣬Ҳұһֻƽﶼޱ飬ˡ
١ѹѺɰݸͣʾ򿪿ͼһƯС񣬻һֵֹС
ᱦʯ̵ġ
ôĹһɰͬĳǾ׼ġ
ͷһμҲ֪ϲʲôСʯͷͶЩϲͶ棬ϲҲС㻨Ǯ
ͬ١ѹͷЦ᣺Ҫʲô˵ðˡ

ء
˺ܿ§һŹֿɰ
ôôÿҲôÿ̡١ѹ۰Ͱ͵Ŀſ
Сʲô˵
ԥƬ̣ǵͷɡ
١ѹʱ̵ģſˣЦü䣺ǽүȥǣ檵èշ
ŲŲԶЩͷơ
һͷƣʱ˷ܵĴ֣ܷ𣿡
ܡ
䵭ܾ
붼롣
յţ룬١ѹССƯӺʹģ귨ҷͷơ
١ѹССأҪġ
ʹס
ûκγˡ
һ١ѹԶЩͰ͵Ŀˡ
ЩʹӦȡֵҪˡʵžͿĽ
١ѹСʯĥŸʯȦ󣬳ѩ׵ļ϶ÿĽ
ƽѣʱ򴩡
Ǯûػ졣
طGӺ͵ʱ١ѹʱǰһֵ߹ȥֺǺǵģ
طG鶼ˡ
ССʱ򻹴Сʱ;ıӰŴСƽϣͱ䱾
ûʹ󣬵ͷЩɬСɵ졣

١ѹڰ֣ҪжŶ
طG첻˵
ʹס
Ҫжҽʲôָ֣ϵԽԽҡ
١ѹҲסŤͷı֣˵û
ֱ
ƿԣͲٱطG
û˼
ǶޢŮľҪˡ
طG͵ͷɵƯСû취
ɵЦ١ѹһｵһҲûӵʱ򡣡
١ѹһ̾˭ϲء
ĺϲ͡
ԼԼҲúͿɰҪ
طGź͸뿪١ѹЩ᲻ãˣϧˣˡ

ϲطȥ
١ѹСϸüһҪԼ
ļͦ棬ڹͷŽӣ硱Ĵڡǰֲ壬Ǻ磬úޱӡ
ˣΪӣͲϽˡ
ŤͷſʣүʱΪʲôô죿쵽òĽ㣬תۼͼǲģˡ
ĬʾźȲ裬Ƴһۣȥү
ֻү
١ѹһҭЩԶԡ
رոĸӶˣҲ۹ʱ⡣
ϾҪˣҪʲôĦȭƣѾЩȲˡ
ûС
˵ʲô
û
Ȼİİľܾ
յİطGˣеСſţͻȻüͷһ塣
ذŪСϸĿţһֻС򣬾ؿš
ˣͺʡ
ֻȥǶӣ֧ǧطGɫӡ
ó١ѹȷʵϲ
Ӧ١ѹģΪСǱģ۷۵ģһ˸뵽Եͷȥ
֪Ϊ֧ӡ
һѱʯ۷С
طG⿪ɰС̵֬Сǣͦء
ۣͺʡ
طGЦ
СʱˣҲ̫ˡ
ǧ
ǷɫСӨ͸ĺúÿ
ߣûǮʰҪָˡ
طGҲǣõȱǮˣܡ
պðɡطG
˻ԺͼæҵİӣĸģǵúͳԳְĽӣȵʱӣ²ܸ׽
;ÿǷƴ벹ϡ
Ϳ¶ڶʹ򲹶ĴڣЩᡣ
㡣ϴɾС֣ѧŶӣİӣȻͷ֣¶ڶͲӾˡ
϶ᣬһС̸Ӳˡ
˰һҵĽ
طGæžͳĬ˰Σүȡ
ֻҪˮ󣬾ʹŽģһлü
ǰһô
طG
Ϊʲôʵ
˴֣ϺСУһӷʷʵİ׽ӡ
ͳСؤӣҲġ
طGǡ
ֻҪˮһƬһٺýӡ
ϱˣ˰ѽӶȥˣŴ˵ֻطGЦ
èҲСЦ
طG룬ʱЦԵòòҲЦЦ
үЦÿ䡣
طGЦ
ȺܿȳԵʱ򣬼ֳĬˡ
ûϣԽӶճͷһ׶ƤŻͦ롣
óԡطG治ɫĿ䡣
СҳƷĽӣôҲҪԹ䣬ȻǸæµģýʾ֭Ŀ䡣
ͳԵСĹģԼüǺŵĽӣһԼľǺóԡ
ﳢҲ
ι
µµеС˲䱻ԡ
طGƳһۣС롣
Աˡ˵
ʹס֪Լˡ
갢ٳڡͰ͵ָ
ϼֶͣӵһš
طGָ˻ȥ
ʱʹŴСףﱻųȥͣЦˣ˵Ļǣлл飬ˡ
ЩƵĽòѧһ
һӶûôˣкܶûģʲô߾ү߾үǰЩֵܡ
˵һǧˣ˰ﻹеġ
ŮͶˣⱻǱС졣
Ϳٵĳˡ
С̫˵ٵʱ޲ð˰Ӽܻعȥ
ֻҪڿ˶ܾС
տʼԼԺã˶ͲôԴˡ
ʵǼǲס
ͻ뱴ոȥԼĻ귨̵룬ҪԼ۾ż٣һ˶ǡ
ȻԸΥ
̤幬;ЩˡʵЩ꣬һ֪ԭˡ
ⶼǺӻƴӣ϶ԺշЩϡˣǿҲܷ
ϡ
ʱҲӶֵĻţͰ̫ƳףָԺ󣬾;ԡ
ţͳ˲ѡ
˽ȥ˭ԹԵ̧ͷԴȥ¶СЦŴк
ɵӣͿлᷢҲԸΥ
˸ˡ

ڿͶÿӶã뱧ؼԼһһĿ䣬幬ͳ
޿
ֲøϳȥϾǹأԼľ֡
ЩʶϾڹ⣬ƽճţҲܽӴҲǵۡ
ȵĿǶԷΪԼ
æ꿪磬ѾЦˣյĿڿϣСС귨ۡ
޲ۡʲôæġ
͸еˡ
μᣬҲģжĲųɣʱн˺ͣǹںӣе˵ˡ
˵˵ԼҺӣ˵˵˵˵һ;顣
ԴЩĻ

ɻĿѾ˵ˡ
С֡
˲ǰһһǣżζˡ
ǡ
Ż˱ɣġ
ܺóԡ
˲ѪԼս
Դоο˻ˮ֮⣬Ҳһܺõʶ׵Ļᡣʲô£ͿŽľΪˡ
Ҳ֪Ӧꡣ
֮è˲䵹ڿ˯Ŷ
˵꣬۾˯ˡ
ָϱ̺ű幬ȥ
ϣֽūȥıү˵һ˵Ѿ˯ˣǰЪ
ٵǰ죬ͷֳϲ£˵ıոͰ˱ո˫˫ϲ
˵˫ϲŵ£ҲϲǼףͺһͨ
ֵԼҰʱΪˡ
ĸͻݣǶԷӣϰ˸ط룬Ÿ
ա
һˣϲģͰϲ¡
طA˵ˣžƿңˣȻ˹š
̫ˣվž̳ȥȣ̫ɻϥһŮӡ
طνɨ̬΢Ķϣ㵹
ϰһۣͣţñֵزʡ
طһҭ˴ס
ﳤȥ
˻ϲ˳˵Ҷˣбͷ
˵طGӴϻ۶£УѾõڶӺͺһɶˡ
Ǽ磬ˡ
ѣʱͰ˸УΪ˹ܹʱķȽڡ
ж෱գųĽëʡ
ſͺƤôСӣ
ԼСţɵȥ
Ҳˡ
ϵͷ߲ԭȻЩزʣʱˣƶȫˣ˾Ϳʼۡ
ͻǳڴطͷͺƤ
ȵڶҪƣ;ͱˣϴĺͮͮ֯ƽ̰ͷɫӣܺõѹźµɫ
ĸʯɫź͵֣ʩʩȻȥ
һ̩˾ͷֿˡ
Цź˺ѣϾǻӸ˶ڵǰ
͵СסڵĿָкܺãź
͹ԹԵţĴк
ԽԽϡԽҪ
󰢸磬ү롣иС̫
ͿۣЦʣںδźôû㣿
С̫ЦŻأūүүֵµСͽƽﰲͷɨͥԺ
˼С̫ࡣ
ʱʰļΪ£ǹƺƯľ̩˼Ȧ;;ĿС̫ࡣ
ȵһطС̫ڵϵ󰢸磬ȥ
ɫΧ˼ӣ;Щԣǻ귨٣Ǿ͸ϴһȫȺŶԡ
ڣĲ񻰡
ЩԾ
С̫һЦˣСԴЦģȥ
С̫಻ϣЦŻأ̣ү˵ūŻ˻ŰģūС˹Ǻá
˭֪ԼСƨɣٲȥҾҪˡ
˵Щߵ˵ڴ˴Ҫҿȥݴһ¡
ǿܿġ
С̫вͣͺԲˣǿЩ
͵ͷֺֽ̬ȥŶ
˵ţľȥ
ߵҲĵط£ȡͷϵСñӹ֦ϣֶȺСѵΧ֦ϡ
͸϶С̫Ҵȥ˳żɽߣǹгĺӣԹеϤԲ
ܿЩ֪ôߡ
ʱҲС̫
󰢸ģ
󰢸磬ūſŶ
󰢸ɡ


43 
յķ, ǴĺХ
Ϣһش, ģŲԽԽԽԽˡ
ͣ
ԲԲųڼɽ, С̫ɭɭٴ𣺡󰢸磬ūȥɡ
Ͷһ, ˵ڱʱܸоߵģѡ۽⡣
ȷС̫࿴ûС
ѾȷС̫ȷʵ, ҪȻΪʲô, ȥ, ˡ
;š
С̫ⲻթ, Ŀ, Իֱ׽
صţ˼ô, ܶ, ﱲʸûС
ȱϯô˸йоͻرʲôӰ죬һռҵĵӰ, Ӷǡ
Ͱ˼⡣
ڼɽСķ϶, һ
С̫Ҳˣľɢˡ
ǽţз
ıռҵĴ󰢸粻ˡ
˵ү٣ȻС̫ˣǿδ, õϢüͷӵ˼ŵ˭
Ϊ¡
ͳıռҵС֮⣬ϲﱲ˭Ҷǲ
ˡ
ĵȥѰʧĵطȥҡ
ʱ˾˵ϵ˻ĽĿˡ
ȵţûбֳԺ͵Ĳãǻӻ֣š
ڴʱſڳһֻʨССʨӣһֻһֻתŲ̨ǰı㿪ʼ
ֻСʨӺ̬ĶֶŶƨɡ
һ۾ͿͷľǺͣɵýкã
ŵһҲϣȵĿʼŲˮ
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ɫ԰ףϵʱȴǿ𴽽ǣѹС뷨Ƚ϶ࡣ
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ССһֻʵ̫ɰˡ
ſžЦˣֺǺǵ͡
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طGڤ˼룬ƽ㾡ȴʵûʲô·
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پֵˣɱ˴˼Ĺϵδˮݵʱ
ͺطܣȴ˴˶ûˣƤûƣʵ㲻ʲô
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طG񣬴ǹ˹ȻЦȴãȻַЩȣǸš
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룬ڻǼ²ȷ꿪ʼֵȫţȸԡ
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յſط_ķǶ̵Ĳá
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ܵĺһ£ͼŮѾᣬĳǴӽ쿪ʼҶ˾Ͳϲˡ
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һԸɾǧ꣬ԸɾԸͬ˰겻
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õĹһꡣ
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ˡطGɫΪ


44 
ط_һ
ζ˳źܴܵǻ, ζ˶ط_⧲֮£ᶼǺˡ
ĸ磬ƣߵˮ, ʡ
طG˹صͷ
Цһᡣ
ط_˼ڲ, ôһֿ˵Щģ
ˡ
ڹȥ˲, ûκԥ
طGһ, üδƱڳ¸ط_, ˹ġ
ط_
ʹļ, ĸĹ
ѽ, Ҫס˵Ļǧš곤̾
èһĵͷ, ɵİСԴļ, ʮޡ
ط_һҭ, ں͸ǰ, ǱŬǰһӢ, һ, ʲôˡ
ĸ簡ĸ, 㺦ط_ÿడ, б֮, ¿Ӹˡ
Ͼ㡣
Ըпտյ˵ֱĲˡ
˰ͣĿʼԽԽ, ԼԣŸ⣬æĲˡ
طGɤӡ
ȡ
һԼǰĿ롣
СԴЦеƾͺáҧҧ֣һɡ
ط_Ц
Ȼһｵһ۸û˵ĸ磬վԼ̸ҭû˵
֡
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طGһ߳Ծһߺ磬üĿǰõˡ׽ˣʵЩ֪ôˡ
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ԹԣЩŶ
Сĺ塣
ط_ЦĸˣҪ˺ι
ϳСžúóԣ͸طGһΡ
šطGӦһط_ĿУƳһ̧ۣ򢡣
飬˲
ط_ҧźķǵĺߣϡ
źཱུСſӣ۵Ĳˣ룬ҪҲιͺˡ
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ط_ĺ˸ĸ͸Ƿƽһ
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ط_˻֣Լعȥˡ
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طGһһǣźͣʩʩȻĻرո
·ϣ˵С˵˵ǰ˵˵ڣչһδ
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¿ˮȫζڸǰˡ
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طGڴǰŴĽЩԶԣҲ˽Ҫ
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һñ߹ģϵɫɾӵ˵ɫܱаȥùˡ
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š
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ѹǮ
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طG϶Ųˮ͵ͷ
ǵһϣ֡
ףԶʮˣƯŮԶĿĿ֡
ףҵϣ³ɣ⡣
СȰȵģ˵ˡ
ĻϲץһѽӷɰЦȥ棬ʲôʲô
طGҲЩ⣬Щʲ̵ġ
ʮף˳
ʹס
ģ
ʮġ
ֱӰһ٣Щ
ͽӹһЩޣǹ겻ܿޣСͳһţͰ͵ġ
ŬĳЦ̺꣬ϲ
һЦ
طGҲ̿ٶҲץһѽӷɰͺúóС
ж︣³ɳǸ
͵ĹҵĽ׹£ţԹ˵һԡ
ҽͷ
รΪףòҡ
รǣŴֱǱСĸһȫ밲ꡣ
ܺãץѽӷŽɰСŮֱݸรС硣
รźݾߵſڵϲҶ±ë
ЩʱһС˭˶ţĽһ
˺ͣҵ߶תˡǱ裬ϴƯա΢΢ζоӨ͸Ĺâ
ܿɰСطGЩ裬һһ۵밲
طGһ
รɫֿüۣڵϣСССˣǰЩʣ󸣽ϧ
ǰг裬үЩЩҪԼ׵Ļ˶Ѹϥ¡
ˣ׹
ү˵ҪѸԺʵ̧ˣ۽ԴǲรѼġ
˫ַСϻӣĸĶԺһСС˼ȥЩǳԡ
ϲա
У߻к͸С̣ˣѾʼ£㱧ʼռǵõร
仰˵ֺõ£ɵŽӡ
϶յ˹һڣСĺܺá
ǲա
รСһףЩ޴룬ŵ˵ѾǸ֮ʹˣǶԷϡ
ԼұүȣңķڸϥǵŸүǾүĿڴӡ

รڵϿͷ
Ȼ
ЩãȻ۵СԲģรĺܺá
Ϳ̲סʱլŮӵļѣΪѣรΪѣΪ̵ĴΪѡ
ҪŰɡ
ϵͷɡ
รûӰ£һ仰ˣʱֺǺǵлл󰢸硢ллү
ûʲôӦ
ԸӦ£Ǻ˵һԭ򣬻оЩรͦ£ƽﲢԺš
ǳ趨ʡҲƼطGߣͣߴĺܽԺΣûеġ
ʱˣҲǸȥ
Ͼͦ£ԸԵԸĹ껹磬ϾûӦ
кͿڣ̵Ĺ꣬Ӧ
ת䣬ɫ䣬طGˣɵ
ǵĻҲЩơ
ร˺ЩӣŹҶͬˣ̲סЦļۣһϲ
Žϣ£ü˳۵Ĺڵϣʵʵ밲ꡣ
ǰЩ겻ʱм仰ˣȴˣǾĺ«һ
ɰͰ͵˵˼ļ黰ͶźͷЩû󰢸ˣ˵ĺÿݰףѩɰ
ϸץһѽӣЦν㲻ض񡣡
˵ŻɵЦˡ
ӹлʹһԡ
ǰֿһۺͣۼˣǰЩӶڴߣ˵ǽϽó
Զԡ
ഺòʱ򣬶һŮƣ룬ס
Ȼ̾˿Ƽͣ;ãһɼΡ
ƽǰʵԶߡ
ֱ붼롣
ϵϣ굹ǲ󣬲Žû꣬ڵϿͷ˵黰;ͳȥ
Ҷ֪񸣽ó裬үնҪƽҲԺ۵Ҫȴһ仰˵
ǶڵȣȱүʲôʱˣͻԺ
ϻϼҲϣŸʯ༪طGһʩʩȻȥ
컹гӲҪ
ԳԺȺȿϷ͹ȥˡ
ͺĳϵѣһǵﲻۣʹã
ϱǣůůģﲻ۵ġ
ǰϱУǷţͰ˸һżеڸԲ죬Ȼæͳɡ
˲Ľˡ
ϣϥǲҪСͣ硣
طGͷü᣺ĥĴˮݣЩۡ
طGˡ
ԼСϥǣź壺ϥǹԹԣһһΣͺˡ
ûˡ
طGϿԼҵСޡ
ȴ̲סЦ㰢ġ
ʹס
꣬㲻Ҫһĺ˵˵̫ˡ
طG˵ʲôһŷ̬ȣ
űƭš
Ƚ˹ţϾ͸Ƿֵ
ͺطGҪȥпʹҪȥ밲ϾҪȥ밲
ȶæ꣬
귨ӣĸ꣬С͸Ĩһ
ףµһ귨غ̺ʱ̩ƽ
һ˵꣬ڴĿſ
ɵЦˣһԵطG㰢㷽ŵףٴ˵һ飬귨Ͱ㡣
ϲķı
ǰͿˡ
ǿʲôǾĺīС̣ˡ
ụ̂ö͸ģû˵
лᣬʱ۰Ͱ͵ĿطGаС
طG
źף٣йƤԼѧǿźգˮ˫ɵԥ
룺ҤһҤ
طGȴͺͲְ࣬ѷŵףٴ˵һ顣
ϲطGȴֲòӣǰƣȴò
Ҳǲܽܡ
ãˡЦ
طG졣
ֻ˵ˡ
˭֪
ܿ쿵ͲЦˡ
Ϊ͸͵ķıת͸Լ꣬ŴߴߴīãڵһƼʱ򣬾;ʺϰꡣ

ò
ʹĲѶطGҤһҤȥա
˭֪ķıҲˡ
ǽҪˡ
ס͵С˾ҪСƨɣŶ
СƨɣСŴŴѽ
Сÿװʱװȥˡ
ͲɵЦˡ
Ժʺϻ귨СҲġ
Ͼ귨ˡ
б۾㰢أ
ˣҪôԲ
ȻԷԲ
ˡ
Цˡ
޹СֱӰһӣſڱ紵վš
ӡ
귨

˫ֱǰؿ
ŲҪЭ
Ȼ̫ˣЦһЦ̲ס紵
ѡԵطG侲һ¡
˭֪طGҲ۰Ͱ͵Ŀ
Ҫ
εְ߶߶㰢궼ѧˣǰŲ
ʱģһͲˣطG͹ŲӸӲա
ʱʶ˭
ѧˣȻûʲô飬һ˫۾ȴװ¡
ζ̣̾Ҫˡ
źͣסС֣ʣ䲻ѽ
أڻ귨һ㶼䡣
ŲյݸЦе귨ˮˮ
Եĸβ
̫̫ˣšһô룬뵽ץߣԼɽӳܶץڴѩɽҹѾ̫˶ˡ
ϴڹ£ҲٵĲڶԷûӦʱֻ֮С
ֲ˵̫ˡ
̷죬ɫһ
ǵһͼططӴźһֺѼ䣬밲ꡣ
طʱ򣬾ͼ洺磬˵Ĳˡ
һۣЦˣ
طͷ꣬ǲ֪⾩ףĹ¡
ͣ
ԲΪˣҪ
طνϵʱĬˡ
ⲻһ«
Ǳ˵ġ
ط뻳ⲻˣʵĶ͡«ǾµΣü۶С
Ϳģӵĺۼʲôû˵
ԭЩΪ⣬ϸҲЩȣе㶫
Ͼ⿴ȷʵΡ
ˡ
һ˾˺Щ
ط㣬ģɾĸֵ˵ûıĴ磬²ż汸磬渺ĸ磬һ顣
̾Ϊֹʾѧˡ
ֲû귨˵Ǿĺ«ľͷһҪȵĻȷʵ˼
طGü۵ʹط봵
꣬Ÿˡ
мȸţϳǾһִһһɡ
Ҳˡ
ʵʵڰ껳̶ֶֶ֡
ʵںúȵĲˡ
ˡ
ʱǼ磬оżͻʰ磬м

ڿߣһ̫ӣź̵棬͹ԹԵԱߣʱĸˡ
ɫһԲС̫Ļˡ
Ե㣬Լԡ
̫ɫЦŵĺÿüۼЩꡣ
ʱȤˣҪźͺͱȶԣȻˣʱˡ
ü۱Ǵ࣬⺢иЦſ䡣
˶ˣЦڶ
͸߸˵ģԼСԴ˵ҺͰҲͻ귨˵ͻ귨Ҳ񣿡
طi΢
һ䣬İˡ
طGȶԡ
񡣡˵
ŲطG
ȴòϣȷʵЩࡣ
һʱʰ̬죬طGһ仰ɫַ
ǺȻ
ûĵط鷳ˡ
ζĿһۣʾ͸Ͻš
ųţ˺˼ƣվͱˣ˻ྴƣֵĲɿ
ȿȴֺûһ£Ͻͼ⣬˯ˡ
˿
Źȥ˯
˲ɵЦˣֺǺǵôҲͺ˯š
˯𣬿ȵСŷ
طGԵط죬żӦط
ȾɢˣɫѾڡ
˴ĳԾƿϷֵڲŻȥ
طGڸ幬ſڣѺͰȥˣ˯㣬س
Ҫ᲻ߡ
̱ڻˣһ˾ֿܾ֡
Ⱥ˯ѣɫѾˣͷڷűڣž졣
ˣڴͷЦʣˣ
͹ԹԵͷ¶һЦݣֺǺǵ귨
̰Ц
ŹСƨɣŬڴԼѡ
ôˣ⡣
ͿЦŵԼѵġ
Ȼ˯ˣǾš
ʹסȪϴءϴĿˡ
ǻ
Ϊẹ̀һͱ·ˣûԼֺȪӣζ¡
оͺˡ
۰Ͱ͵ӣЦŵ׻귨ȥȪ
ͣ
Ͻĺ˺ö귨Žżɵͣ
׵Ļŭš
ͽūŸʹϴ˵ǵȻȥСɽ档
˷ֱܵġ
ϣںҹЩȲˣðյĸо
С㿪ľͺá
ҹСɽȪ
һͰϵСƤͨһȪ
ſһ
ˮɲǳ
Ҫȥ̵ʱ򣬾ͼԼС첲һСԴһ̵š
Ʈˮһ
Ӿɻʡ
̶˲ɡ
ҲᣬҾͻƮš
츳û취
è̾ô
ˮź͵ָʾӺͬʱչ˫ۡ
ҲƮˡ


ʾѧˣøַȥʵƮţͦõģɵÿ
ôģʡ
ϴʱøԡڵ
˾Ʈţūͳʳ
귨Ŷ
ֳһ㡣
롣
껹Щʱգˡ
ͲŲܣꡣ
ϲ̣˭Ҳܲš
˶죬һ߳ˮģٺ̲裬̹Ĳˡ
һͰѺ;ϴ裺Ҫˡ
;Լ͵Сָ˵Ѿˡ
ѣŴߣͼԺȼŻѣ̿衣
Ŷ¿ˮȫŶ
˵꣬洫ͨ˵ǰ
üû˵ˡ
Ȼط_ſǽͷɵЦ꣡
Сү
㲻ңԼ
۾װ
ȻǽͷһϤĴԴطAط_һ١
̫ҲС

ͦ밡
š̿
˽ÿﶼŶЦеİꡣ
ֵطG˳ЦͣһƨɵӣЦ
ĳЦ
طGͿʼʡ
һͲͷĻӻ֣Űɡ
ĿȫﹻЩ̳ԣһһһֻûˡ
ԩ
Ļ׷ԡ
̲סЦ
ٺ١ҲЦ
Цʲô˵Լ͵͵ķŸӸ߰ǣŶ꣬һֵһ
Сƨɣš
ٺ١ԼСЦ
Ϳһһֻȫÿ˷Щ⣬˲ûˡ
СӳӣһȺˣҪѼԿգľƺȸɾ
Լľƣһһܿͼˣƽﻹûúȡ
ûð̫ĿĬˣͷһСģʱֻȫ򶼲֡
ֱ롣
ǸˣǻʵۣٶİҲ
ͳԵСͣҪ׿ͼطõӳ˵֣ס
ȻͿżʰ綼óԼóطGط_ֳֳֳһ
ҹɫʣƻԻ͡
ĴЦڶ
ϣۿеѵܹͺֵһ
λһ𣬸֯Ρ
Цĺϲ£죬ƶ˼
ʵڸˡ
ҹˣ˾͸ȥһ·ѿֻͻعŸԻظ
ղŻұĵĺͣһΣ˲˯ˡ
طGظԶԶͿϤţǵƣ󲻱ٵȡ
ϾҹС
ӣȾϼֲ԰ף˴̧֣ӯӯüۣǳЦŵϲү
̫ϲˡ
Ļϲڴ߹ͷ˺ӣⴵ磬ﶼǸ˵ġ
طGһ
ỽ
ϰͷɻʲô
طG͵͵Цһۿף
ɰͳöڶߡ
ٿغݼ仹صζԵϮ
үỽ
طGһģ
ȥҵūţֻذɡ
˾ƵطGմű죬βȴ˼ֺ죬ƽӲһ
ףүء
ϴ궼ҧˣЩΣү͵Ȼˡ
طGЦʢ
ѻĺ͵ݳȥʾԺȥԼŸǱ
ƣΡ˵
Ŭ֣õƻΣȻעڵϵʱֱһڡ

طG͵͵Цˣüۼ٬ˡ
ڶպˣûˣұûˡ
أأ
Լҹһ˯ġ
˿ٵĳ֣ϽǰźһֺǺǵˣɡ
Сʰʵأ˵鷿
͹СѺڵĳ鷿ϴ󴲣ӲǼм䣬Լںá
꣬˯ѵ󣬶ʱĺ磬׶ʵʵм䡣
طG˯ѣͶϺüۣôڣ
ͣ
Ҳ𣿡
һ˵Ҳˣ۾Ѻͱڻ˲䣬ỽѽ
ҲĲȥת꣬꿽ʣΪʲô˯Ҫ˯鷿
Ϲ򶨣СǺˡ
طGڣͱ˵С̣סҹ˵Ҫ˯ŴүҪȥ㡣
ͣΪʲôҪŰ˯
һҡ
ˣʱμˣŬԼС첲§Ű꣬ұ§Ŷ˯˲֪´ҺѾͺˣ϶̱Ƚɵﶼʶ
ϽСװͼˡ
طG̾㲻֪һ·ôԺߵ鷿ġ
˿֪


45 
еĿҪ
СȥطG, ԹԵţԺ˯, һ̲롣
طGһҭ, ݹˡ
Ҳء
ţԸ鷿
طGüģȶ˾, ȻѾˣͷʹ
ȥ˯̽ʡ
ЩطGҡͷӦ꣬ǻҪȾơ
Ժ˵, ˷֣ԾһЩƽﲻ顣ǶԴ˵޾鷳
һ, Щٲ˵ģҲǧˮʵ
Ⱦƻ, ˻ͷۡ
ǣطGĴ, СԴʲô
ЦŽ, ˵ǺȾˣٺȵҩŻЩ
ȻȾƲΪʲôҪƣʡ
طGСԴѶΪ֮
Ѹӽ, ѡŪȥ峺˫طGףȥˣڸ档
͹ԹԵͷ
СֺͰݰ, һͶ᲻ö
ϱü䣬Ҳ׺͵գǶ档
˵꣬ͼʢҴһ˵ҪСһȥ
ǣϵֲԸ⶯ʢͲһ䣺֡
۾ˡ
ֶջʵֱ̫ȥʵ̫ϲ֡
աӦһתϣЩԥզ죿
ǵá
Ҳ飬ȥɡϰСԴܼѾТ˳ˣ͸ˡ
Ÿ߸˵ĸʢһˣطGſڵһ
갢꣬ȥﰡ
졣
طG˵һ䡣
İ꣬úӣȻͦϡ棬սЩ˵һ䡣
طG
ͼѹڶ档
ȻЧǺܺá
ͷĳ룬óǹüͷطGԴʣͷ𣿡
طGͷ
ۡ
ͷһһĸоʵ̫ˡطGͷϣ΢΢̧򢣬Ŀ
˯ɡСס۾һ˵ʹζ
طGᶯû
ͻһԼ˾ſطGϣϵա
ȥĸ֣ѰȥǸ𣿡
ﰵ¡
ûܿ·ͣ߹Ƽıո󣬾ĬĬķˡ
ͿűȽϺ棬СԴʣ˭
طGˡ
ΪǸ¶䣬ҲǸź͵˼Ҳǽ˿ˮ
Ͳ̣ҲģģطGһ㶼𣬹ɵ
طGԺѸٵļס˲ɵþ̾˵Ժã̾硣
;Ц֣λˡ
ԽҾԽЦӣʵֶ£Ĳˡ
طGЦĽ棬͵СͬȴһΪ⣺Сܿʲô
˺ѹ͸£ֵڵϷ̨ܿΧһȺˡطGΧ£Ҳĺһ
һʱֵ
ţԼԹš
Ϸ죬ʾѧ˺ܶ࣬ʱ˵Ҳһͬһ˼Ҳܷȥ˵ź˼
طGѧѧֻпö࣬Ķܴ࣬õϢԼڲ֮ء
ʣǴСѧġ
ڼ磬ֻԾͳɣ߾طG˵Ļ٣ȴܹؼ
ͳдԵԺ˶š
ɢˣطGǣź͵С֣ʩʩȻʣ˲Ǹ
͵ͷ
Ա˾Щκģʲô˯
ա
طGһӻҪ˵ֻð§ڻż˯
ȻصոѾ˯ˣһأűˡ
طG
ӴſڱԺôԶ·ûѣ⵽ݣˣѲǹġ
˯𣿡ʡ
Ժ꣬Ͱ͵
˻ԺͼҲæĲɿ
ĸ磡̣
ָ𣬾ͼط_ǽͷֺǺǵĸ꣡
طG֣ģЩ
˸תҪߣС̫˵ʮˡ
ط_ʱˣһ
;ǣֻƣĿ

ǡ
Ƿһµء
ط_Ŷ䲻طˣġ
һԺȥһ·ϻűڵڶͱطط_ŵǧĺǿġ
갢꣬ԺҪ档
ǻ
СȰȵģһ˶ּˡ˸ܵĳϻá
طGƳһۣܾıոĻһ˸˵ˡ
æµ޶˶ķ֣æֵֵͣʱ
ͺܾûůı޶Щ£ͳ𣬸˵ýˣ
ĻСԴЩѲ
ǿԼС̫Ͻ˯߳źģѾ֪ô
ٴ۾ڿˡ
Щ£򢣬μ귨ˡ
ǴЩ̫ʵ
ЦһƶסԲԲƨɵֺǺǵ˯ˣСһڻﶯҲ˯رݡ
šӦһſ¶ЦݣŴߴߴ귨ˡ
׻˵һղüղˣ˺ö
ҡͷԣ˵š
ʱĶС廯ˣ귨Ҳǡ
⼸գææµµѰصӰƽﾫ㣬棬һվ͹ȥˡ
ϲææµµԲСӰ
˲͵СһζЦŵȥϿΰɡ
ͣ
ԼСӣ귨Ƕ˵ˣǶԶ
δš
ʵ
üƸСϣľ֪û
üͷĶտӡ
ǲֱȥ鷿Ҫһ硣
ϽūŸţзưСˣһʮ
귨һ𡣡
á
һţҪǿ֪һŻµͳڣȻԵ𣬿žر㣬Ҳųڡ
һԣͳԱˡ
㣬͵СԴȥѧɡ
͹ԹԵĵͷԼС鷿ȥ˸꣬ЩǰѴϣԵЩա
Ƚ鷿ͼط۰Ͱ͵⿴˺۾˲侧ĻӶ˫֣󺰣
ЩӣûкڣԷˡ
ҶˡطĿźͣϲֶӣڹźá
Ȼһ鷿ͱֵܸΧˣʰϲҲϲΧߴߴ˵Ż
̽ˣͣ
͹ԹΣˣѾǴˣڴǲˣֱѧʲô
þ
ͷ˶ǾūžӾ˶
һ̾
ҲСˡ
ǳάֵ˳ƱһůĻ
͹Թţǰŵĵģĵҧ΢΢͵зƵƣóԼˡ
һߴˣʲôϸͷԣȫ˵ڹӼؽ¡
ӼԴ˵ǲȱٵһ֣ҲҪѪҺĵط
ֲÿӡ
ڱȽĵطҪ޶
˼ǱԭһôҲˡ
ԣ˼ܵĶȥɸѡ
˸иĵһʱͽסˣ滹иǮ⣬ⲢûôҪ󼸱еĹߣʵ̫ˡ
ţ˼
Ƕ뽨ԣǵĸƫһݡ֪ҪǮĵط࣬ǴִţǺܿͲˡ
ȽÿյأԺǮٽŽ
ͣأۣתһԵĺͣСϴ䡣
ĸ͢ѧУࣿԲ۾
ʱУѾˣһ͢Ҫ١
ϴ䣬͵Ĵ𰸸ƫԣʱͲˡ
ôͬ귨

ȴ£ڻ귨СЦҶҪѧ첻ͱůı޶µСƾʲô˯ѧ
ˣҪѱ˵ɡ˺á
һҭ
ܶԵɣΨûصĽʽûġ
Ϊ㲻˯ֶ֧ĽԺѧãΪñ˸㹲ࡣ
ܽᡣ
ԣȫһЦֺǺǵڡ
ô˵Ҳԣĺ첻Ҫ飬˵ĺȻҲҪ
˼ʲô;ҹָһ㣬һ˼⡣
ָ
ʱĬˣ̣һ񣬺ô졣
ɵ֧ģ
Ļᡣ
ʲôװͰʡ
;˲ʢԴӴĻ˲
˵ɫЩӣڱƴչʱ򣬴廹ĥǰǵƴںģɶҲǡ
ˡ
ҲΪè̺ٱ׽۸úõġ
һֵֻĴèÿпӣ̣ºһ⣬֦˯
붼Ҳӡ
Ĭ¸ϵش󣬲ǺܸıģƬ̣Щʵ۸ʲô
С˼
µĸȫ˶סһǽû뵽
˲šѧŰӣСŬһģϧСཱུģȫ⣬˵΢΢žͲ̫
ЦСԴΪ
㿴еһУǲͬ¥󡣡ͲСоܱйĲ࣬귨ǧƽɳ׮׮ǴϾͳΪϹ˳ݡ
Ȼ֪ĺڸٷչʱ򣬴ˣͻᰤڴۣںۣèˡ
΢ЩΪȻ
ݵλܷ񶨵ġ
һ̣˵ĻΪȡ
У޻濼ǵġ׽ųϣǴһغɱӣˮʦɷӦԡ
ĺ˵˵ԺЩԺĺͿ˴ʷһӻ͵ʱǡʱ˵
ʱĴ己ٲʢ˿ȫĳ֮͢һgdpЩһ
Ҫÿô岻УǴǸԱʹζ̫ˡ
ǹԣС͹ģҪ˲ţǮͽѧãڴ̲ˣǮʲô
ȫԶԣɵЦˣ׻˵ĺãһｵһүǺá
ˡԣ
Цеĺ͸ȫټһԵĻ귨ֺǺǵЩǴӳ飬룬
блл㣿
˵ţū˵ıүСظ

֨ѽһƿطGЯŷѩ߽
ӰɫĳۣϹŰ˼ʩʩȻ߹ʵǫǫӣĸо
߽ˣƼŰŵ֪ⲻ湫ӡ
Ƽ͸ˣС¸֡
갢ꡣ
˵ţ˵˰ط˵밲

밲ġ
طGȴûô࣬źֱͣӸ뿪
ϰ⣬ֵڻ£Եֺõģƽ幬밲Ҳǳе¡
ط뿴Ҵȥֹһ²⡣
Цڣơ
طGˣطGȻҲˣ˼ط
Щ񣬵Ȼü˵ʲô
طЩ˵Լ긮ϲˣ֪˲Ҫ֡
Ĭˡ
ܷ
ñүȻһˡ
ñүȻΪ翲һõֵĺôȥһˡ
ʲôֻ֪ùܡ
˵˸ģɵĴ𰸡
طЩҪ׷ʡͶϿĿ⣬ʱʲô˵ˡ
ԽԽֱӸ˱ո
Ҳ˵ˣ˵ǽ긮ϲˣ˵ΪδĵӣһҲԵ壬塣
طô˵Ͻûʲô
ȵڶһ磬˸ƼſС̫࣬СΣвԤС
Ͻط룬ѹʣǲˣ
طͷ
ЩԾСνвԤдﵽ˶塣
Ȼ
ƯСŮΪСͽ
ĸۣĺϲط룬һ뵽ҪұŮˣĸƢθζ
ûʲô취
ǻʵ͵ġ
ɬĽû취Сֻ֣ܺݺݵšط⣺ҵġ
ϸоһʱĶƤϽԱԣﲻŶ
˼ıոȥˡ
˸ڼеҪο
ЩĶˣϾͽūŲֱԺǡ
ȻˣǰһĻס
ֻ
ıճһϮɫ磬ں÷£ɫ䣬΢̧ˡ
ʩʩȻ߹ıվɫȻȥǣ֣ǿʲôǽ޳Ĵƣ˹ĸɩ½
䣬ȴůġ
ڲԶ龰ͻȻۿʪˡ
˸ס
Ƭ̣˷ܵС𣺡߿ߡ
ź;ͱıܳ˽ıյĻС
Ľĳ
˸һֱɩ࣬ϧģɩϱɽģζûǰҡ
Ȼˡ
Щ䣬ȵġ
Щȣġ
˸һ̾ԼĶӣֻˡ
˶˸ƶʣΪץǿƮģԽץסԽ˼
кˡ
ҪΪӴ㡣
÷µ̧ҪߣƼԶŵĹϣüۼŬĹճЦ⣬ȴꡣ
ˣʡ
ڻã˿ڣ̲סµ
ɩүȥ˵󺹰겻ˣǷǣȻհĹ۾ſھͺСΡ
ﶼš֭
طGüһۡ
˼һֱҲãϰϲԼģôС£Ǹİ첻
Ѫ飬̤Լ棬ԼƵλϡ
үңһãϱʵƶʡ
Ů˵Ҫ
ΪŮ˳˺ʲô
ȥϣ˺²£ٴЩΣСƯƯģʣµģͲùˡ
ĹϣЩ˵
طGˣ˹һۣͼãȻε߰ɣȳȥ¡
طˣʵļơ
֪ͷ£һƽЩΥ͵ĵط˵ͨˡ
ûôӴʱܷϣ￿Ҿɲͼط룬ܱүʲôӡ
ֵܣȻƫط롣
ӴĶˣ˽еƣ;ãʲôܺߡ
ʲôϰ˳ˣҪռίȫ
ʹºɰóԼǣŽżݸƯǣǡ
Ͻӹǣһһŵ˺üţ̲סЦˡ
ߣϽð졣
ȥƽϢ¸ҲԼҲð졣
ƶʵԴ
Ҫ
ܿ죬˱ոĸรȣƯƯģ˻ױÿƷͣױݡ
ȡÿ˶ƯĺĻһ߳ȥ˿ޡ
⣬Ͼʹڸֳӡ¥Ǯˮһȥ˱㶼֪˱ո˸ǺõĲˣ˵Σõġ
˭ƶѵӡ
ģЩ˿еİ˸ͱˣԸԼġ
Ű˱ոϵĶڣͻݴȵȷʵŮ˵ί
үعأ˵ӲóǰҲδͷ˵һ䲻á
⡣
ʱĺòãûôҪү˵áҾ;ãϾܶ˽Ӵլˡ
ϸ˼֡
ˮĿطGүҧŴ꣬β΢㽿ĵЩڣͷһֱ̽ȥ
ţطGü
ΣһڣüӯӯδΣҶ֮䣬ллү
ĵСֱס
ϵʱСͨ죬򶨵ɤӣطGĿĶӡ
ȥæ
˵ߡ
ʣطGԺ͡
̰һĿڡ
ͺǵͳöٴ𣺡´νԺܲţ
ͣ
á
˭Ǳס
Ҫˡ
ߡ
ź͵СȻһ仰û˵طGǿôࡣ
һ̴̾ˣ÷ַ˯ˡ
뵽
ūŰѶʰ̺Сӳȥ
ͣ
ǲⱳףӳšǿ벻ֱ̣޷̡
·㡣
ĲƷó˻ϣȫʹèиֲڼ
ͷ
Ҳ񣬱ӰΧĸоʵ̫ˡ
ϸ⾧Ҳˮڴġ
Ǵϡ
ϲ
ʵʵİˡ
ȵ˯Լẹ̀һƬְΧ̧̧־ԣӿֲ˼
˲
ջﶼ˯ͻȻûˣܣ˯š
طGҲЩϰߣƽǰһȴϣûˡ
Ҳ˯š
˰˯ţϸɰͰ͵ȥ¡
˵磬ȥˡ
ںߣϵζҲԼ̣ڿ˯ˡ
á
طGԼ˰죬ϻȥ
˯
룬ŵϴڲ࣬§ʱˡ
طGҲ˯ˡ
͵Σһӵèƨ£ƴȴָɽ
˯ѺĬˡ
ͶıסجΡ
΢˶طGˡ
Щİѽʵı۰ߣ͵Сˣ
һãȻ
ԼԼ˯ôҹܰˡȻϸԪأû
طG治ɫҹ˵Ҫ걧
ͺɵĿ
ү˵ŻҲˣĴ˸ǷϰԵںʹС
ҲŽ˯
šϳϿҵͷ
ΪƻĳˣȻҪСӸȳ
ˡ
ԭ
ǰͶ˵Ļעѹ
ôˡ
ôҲˡ
һЦѺ͸סͳɡЩϧ
˻ϴùźطGȥϳϴźͽ밲
ÿ밲Ҫһˡ
ڲˣӵѰ˵Ķ࣬ŷ
һµϣȥ档
Ц
ʯͷʯģһʯͷģû
ƷʯǱ˳ġ
ԼҲС
͵æſɫͲ죬ʡٹ
ʱ࣬͸ȥ
ڹϣǣź͵֣ʣʲʣ
ĻСԴʾԼһ㶼
Ŷɶ
ָŲԶһǽש
ͼдطGơǿ̵̵ģЩŤŤҲûʲôȡ
ǰꣿ˷ˡ
ȻȥڴطG۰Ͱ͵ʣиɹϹϵש̵𣿡
յש
ү̵ġʹͷ
˵ǴΣЩӣʵտʼ֣Ϊѹ
طGūſе֪Լǹĺӣ˵ģĸ͹ոսĵ
һֱΪƶ׶طGˣ֪ôȥԡ
Ҳ޴й
שϿ֣뱻ﶪ¡
ˣֵĵĻƼãһĹε¿֡
һ죬˴ĵĮĴ߹ĵζ
ﱧСʱطG֪ԭЦĺᡣ
ˮ
ȴһۡ
һֱط_ôڼ䣬͹ﶼǻںеĴڣĵó裬һӡ
Ҳ׹Ĵڡ
ЩطG޹أΪдû
̵꣬שͷϿһ𣿡ڶ𡣳˿
طGСԴŶ
Ϊ
طGû˵
ΪʱлʹţֻҪϸ幬ķߣһĵƤûƲõġ
Ͳͬ
޳ĪᣬȥܵòϢ
Щʧ䣬Ƭ̺˷ǣطG֣שԣۼҵأ
طG
ɡ붼ľܾ
𣿡طGʡ
ŷذףһһǽשԼ֡
࣬ſ̵ĿԼ֣̫д̵֣ŤŤ
ÿһʶطG⧲λá
ˡ
ŵשͷطG࣬Ϳм䣬ұϡ
ʣô˵㰢ġ
͵Цµı顣
ϲ²棬ǵطGûнʡ
оͷַӻᰤᡣ
꣬Ħȭơ
ΪطGб
㣬ֱҪ߰
طGԼĴƴ
ݰ򢣬˷ܣ԰壬ש֤塣
طGת貾ĺͣ⻹ߡ
֮С

ǲ


46 
û
طGıбϸѹ, ϸͽͣ԰ֵ飬ȸĸЩ
ͽŽɡ
ðɡ˵
ǿˡ
˿, ǽϿŵ, Щʧô, Ѿ˻
ƽﶼǶϡļҵġ
طGš
ͳ, ЩЦ, ࡣ
ɫں졣
ٿغŴЩߡ
ҲŽУ
طGԥ, һȥ, еģ
ͱĵһգĺߣȻҪ֪Լ, Ͱ֡
ںСѼº, һʱҪԼְֺ͵绰
ʱҪǵĹʲô, Ҫ110Ҫ120Ҫ119
ϧè̲˵
ڻ, ȻҪúõļǡ
طGҲ, , ְĵһ治ɫٻ
һʱž
͹С, ˽ﻳĸ״ⲻԡ
㿴ŰĵĵңǻˣطGСԴ, һүΪá
ͣ
ᣬԼ꣬ͻȻᱼ껵
طGȥӰǹ΢ĻȣһԵϽĺһۡ

طGӲ˵
ݣûУһ̾ˮ䰴嶼ƭ˵ġ
ȥͰá
ߡ
ƻĴˡ
ͻȥЩ㣬ҪҳͿʼ׳־˯ǰѸٵˡ
ڴϾ˯ˡ
һ˯ѣɫطGѳæȥˣ˱˶࣬æҪˡ
ˣЦʣʲʣ
˵ž͸˱ˮȡ
ͺھˣĻ˻СԴϾЦμˡ
ţ˵˵
ǶгзꪣĲˡ
ǻ棬ɵҭס⺢ӿħˡŲƥ
áǳЦŵ
ģȻǼεġ
󣬾ͷȥżϣϦͮͮϦá
ûŶ밢ˡ
ݵһ£תֱСעѡССĺߡ
һͼſڳһӰűĳ߹
Ŷ̾һطGϹңֺǺǵ갢
̫ˡ
طGһָסü
㰡޹գ۾һڸϣΪģƽҲû㣬ŵҲͰˡ
طG黺ЩԴһȥˣڿ˱ʹǰʣӿɻܵס
׻Уۣܳɡ
Ц޷ſˡ
궼æҲʱעԼ壬вĵطЪϢһֱúõġ
طGһ
вʣϽЪϢ
ϵͷ˱طGƣüۣһ
æš̽Եʡ
طGҡͷ
ꡣ޳ָڴǰʾˡ
϶µĵͷ
طGһͿһ֪Сܵ
طGüź͵ĺקʡʲô񣿡
ֺõЦЦ
һ˲䣬Ѿ˺ܶ࣬˵ᱻ֪ܵϵȥŪȻܱɥ
ûطȥˡ
ӢٷӢ񡣡һ޹ĿԼꡣ
طGɵĿ
ϸϽǰŰɣ
æµһգҲˣŵá
ܿͰţرʢӴ⣬зȫǴ⣬ʢĽ
;ſӣСˡ
峴ģ۵Сˡ
һʳߣڹڼԵ壬ڷǳˡ
ϣ
ȥ
Բаľ峴ʱߡ峴˿ȣŴ
زóԡ
ԵĿ֣طGƳһۣǰơ
ǲǸˣ˼
ǰܿӸˣڸǰ
ϳŵ
˵
˴źǰڵ̱һ̺վţӣϸĸǰȶԡ
һˡ
СվŻûȸߡ
˷ܵıֱȻһ£㣺ܿ쳤ıȰ껹ߣҪѶ͵ܡ
طG
˵ʲô
͵ʲôʡ
ҲЩ档
첻ԣԺкܶร檣ֻаһ
Ҳкܶຢӣֻаһ
ߡ
ƽ
Ҫúõı͵ҷ
дʡ
ô˵طGüͷĬЩԼڴĳĬУʧ
ɬڣǰ룬ɲ롣
ûСطG
׻˵ۼģδʵˡ
ϣã
˵һ룬סˣ˵Ҳǡ
С°ͣЩԥ˵ĻţǰĻ𣿡
ܡطGϣĵһ
СԴϸǰ˴գССˣɲѧ
ʱŮ˫̵Ӹöѹ
÷δȻ
һͱȥϴϴСƨɵʹԡҳһ߶һߵ˻ô䡣
ôסε
ɺãϸ
СԼƨɣֺǺǵȺСƨɡ
ƿӣ룺ѽ
ûסžһƨϣЦ߻֡
һ١
͹˹ӣߺģģˡ
ϲĸо
ı̹ԣ֡
;͹ԹԵ
طGϴͼ۾˯ˣڸС鿴ˡ
ģ
߹ʡ
ҡͷռ˶࣬ЩûаȫС
Բ
طGһſɿϵŵµʱЩɣĴϻ䣬¶ļ
үռЩ࣬кǻ֣̿
ʣµĻϸУε˵ˣ󡣡
үƤԽˣſں˵ϱ鶼ûʵ
Ȼ᲻á
ĨЩ֬󣬿۾ܿ˯УЩۡ
Դͳ£æʱҲ˼ƣɫ죬İѽϡ
һߣ˯ү͵ĺ㡣
ϱ۾˯ˡ

طGǽϿ̵֣ԼˡСֵüۣҲſ֡
ȵڶ˯ѣڿͼˣҲ㻳˯´
˯ء
˯ء
ںΪӦʱ˹ҡҡͷҪ㣿
뵱طGǱǶˣ³ͼ鹦ξͺáںͲѣ˯˵
Цһƣ밤𣿡
ͣ
QAQ
һ٣ֱһ٣귨ΪףҪһ١
Ρ
СͰ͵ģĿŻ귨
ȻҶˡЦҲ󡣡
ͣ
СԴڿѣˣСײˣôԣΪʲô̡
Ҳ𣿡Сüͷɻ
ͷȷʵ֪Ż׷ֱ治Цġ
͸Ͻ壺أ귨˰㣬㣿
Сƨɵܺôӡ
һ䱸ĿŤͷܡϤ껹Ǻͻ귨еģСƨһǡ
ȥ鷿ŶſֺǺǵ濴
ӻ֣ʾ⡣
ȺˣııӰ̲סЦ⺢ɰֻ顣
ϲ
Ҫǣⶫ׬ǮĿǰȱںܴڶϣѭһ˿ԭ򣬲ߡ
ĶˣرֱĿĵز
ҪǣطGлҪºãôǮϣü۲ˡ
ȥԵףԵʲôû롣
طGֵĿ϶
Ǯǰʮ㣬ǳܼ
ⲣǺ͸ġ
ɡ
룬ҪôһҪƽ֮ĹϵֲطGԿ
ͷһ뵽ľˡ
УطGһ˵ﲻˣ
ͦỤ
ЦЦҪôỤŻʺǲǾͻвͬ
ˣǾֻܴǮͣĥʲô
͵鷿ٴαطסգ۾ֻС̹һߺѽզܲÿ춼ܲ
ÿһ仰ں͵Q
ܡ
붼롣
ͲòǱ귨ϿΣڿڴ˯ſͣҲڶѩˣΨı
ߡ
ط̵Ŷһͼһס졣
˵ˡ
⻰治ò
ͼҪ˵̯ǰֱӵ
ط񣺡
⻰̫òŶ
ţŲŲҪԶһ㡣
˿
ܿ̽ͿʼΣ˾Ρ
ſγ̽ȵļӿ죬ڽĥţøһһΣʱĿֲᡣԺʹҵĲԽԽ
ܹ
ͱУһ̽һԼϰ
ЩĺͶᣬܻԲͰѿҵ϶ѧˣھǲ©ȱˡ
ѲӣԿҵܿء
˺üȥʣԽԽ꣬ʮʮЩشطСװףʲô
ûʲôϣһԵĺͣ˯˯˳ԣ϶ȻҲһûһյģŻûطѧĺá
ܿĴҶܿ˶ûϣ
Ȼ
˿٩٩̸ݵСӿɰˡ
ɵ⣬Ϊ˲ǲϹɵģֶ˼䣬˭֪һһĲˡ
ӡе̲һ
ȫһ
㱳͵͵ϰˣɵĿ
ͦСظһԺﲹϰգ
˯ʱĺ;ͻ
ЦСԴĬЩطG̵ģͦæǻעӵĶ顣

һ£ʩʩȻתȥ
ʱ˶֪ˣүΣҶᣬᡣ
ͲСװףпտա
ȻȥطGڸ˵ͽڹгͷˣ˲ģᡣ
Ժ˵ʲôĺڣػشĸΪ
Ժͦظ;;СȥֺǺǵ
ߣȥ档ôҲҪףһ¡
ͳȥɫѾڣˣ˵Ҫȥ¥Ϸ˵Ƕ紺¥ǻãÿÿϯ
͹ԹԵǣطG֣ɿ
Ƚ˲¥ڵĽкϷ¥װ޵ĺŲ̛ǻϷŭʮ
طG
ϷԻʼЩ̫Ѻá
ţžһӣжѡľѡ
˵һ룬Ȼԡ
ȻԴĹ˵ûжѡ
Ҫɵġ
ԼĶӣҲü

Ҳǡ
ѰӣϷĲˣ˾ֳȥھ¥š
͵һϺ⽡
ͻȻԡ
ڴǰͷȺú˼
㿴ЩЦ棬һ֪ܿģЩüͷ壬չ֪ʲô£ⲻ󡣡
еüͷмۺۣһӲ˳
̬˼
طGͬĵͷͺҪĵġ
ͷԾЦˣҿأôõİ꣬ôõĶζЦѡ
룬ҲͬĵͷүôõˣҲˣҲЦѡ
ܡ
ء
طGĺܸˣŴô룬ǶԵġ
źͺ۶Ҳø˵Ľ
ѡ˵̾ˣүԼȡ
УȻǲģСȻҲմơ
ֻʣһˡ
ȻžƱͼ
ԭһϿμĴǣ⾩ס޳Է൱ǮʳѻˣЩΪ̡
ֻīһıīֵǮƽҲͶţ׬Ӱˡ
Ҳſڴǰ𣺡ٸգ±ش
϶֮ģҪȥͱ͸סˣٿ
Щԡ
СԴϲܺܺõ⡣
طGһ˿ͳĴָ
ȥЩãȻ
Ϊ
һѴǮˣոȱ
ȴЦ֮ܵǾݻ֮ûǮǽﲻס
ƫƫסݻĵط
ûǮӦõġ
жӣܾ졣
ãȻ˲ŭ塣
ȴ޿κΡ
̫ԸϹ¡
¶ӿɽ̵񣬱طGһƺϣʲôģ
϶ʱˣĺطGһۣЩ
طG
ڻ
һʩʩȻոȥ̧ͷǿգܿǵ㣬رƯ
ҡͷԵʫСʱʶ£̡
𣿡
ʡ
طGקţԡ
򵥵˵һ䣬Ͳ˵
;͹ౡǿɰСౡ
Сͱָסˡ
ˡ
˵
͹ԹԵſطGѣǱ飬ĺҪһ
һ̾
̺ҹҹİ
طGһƨɵϡ
֡
˵
Ͱˣû˵طGڵ˵ʲôûˣʱЩţˣһʱĬˡ
˯ˡ
㡣
طGᱧֱӻظ
ڶջûѣͷµģ۾СԴ˻Σ̵
˶ˣ
˳ˣ
Ŷɫģ
һӦ಻ƿһ磬ʮָ졣
ǸСɰ
̽ͷһ۾;ס
һֻƴСèССһֻ·̫ȣϸϸ֫ԲĴӡ
ûݵС
Żͦס
ͲɵЦˣյܳϧĿСè̽ԵûзӦʱ򣬾ѾСè˸ͷ
ʮװͰ͵ӡè̼ˣҪɱһǧ˰ٵƶԷһͷ
ߵǡ
۸̣ط_Сè
͹ɵͷðɺðɲ۸
ָط_Ļ£ĸСèļë޵ĴУᡣ
èˡ
ӣ̫˰ȡͺϲϧıڻۡ
ط_ŷ
ʲôͺʡ
ط_̯֡
Ҳ֪ǳȥ棬ڽֽǼһֻСè˲ϲɫͰˡ
δ£⿴žͿɰĽ
Ҫ𣿡ط_ʡ
ͷͷĳѰͷʱ򶼻ᱻԡǵãĸֻ͹˵Ҳա
Ҫ̷ͷ
ϡˡ
и󵨵뷨èʲôè
˵Ҹ귨ҪС᲻͵
ط_
롣
ʱбԺʹϽֵɥ־ȻԶͶﱲҪ϶ͬ
˵ûӦ
ҲǱ뷨ͽȥˡ
˵Ǻܸ˵ġ
˵⣬ֱӰȥ
ϻ۾Σա
ȴڴֻë޵Ŀв԰Σʹͷ
ЦûС
ûС
ûб֮࣬ҲޣΣյҲǺˣϷɣӰʲô
ͶʱʧĹСĺֻëޡֻẹ̀Ҳ֪ⲻʵܴӦ
޸ֻշһѣһֻҲ޷
ʹ˴֡
úҲ
Ǵ
аȡһΪѵӦ¡
СӣɵЦǰӥȥ
ӥ˵ǷʵһƬĿյأֻһ
иѣмֻСųĺ̡
軹𣿡͵ǵʡ
أ϶ϡ
Ҳֻ಻Ҫ·ˣż񵽵ġ
һֻι̳ǵ⣬ͲҪʲô̵¡
ϻء
ˣһͷˡ
С࣬ظĵžž죬ֺǺǵģ֤񡣡
һˡ
϶С
ϵУС̫š
ȵź̻ȥͼطGѾ˾ʣģ
һٰȰȣ˵ʲôֻСϻ귨׼͸ֻ档
طG
𵱳Ϊֻɹӡ
С̣͸˺̡
طGɫӡ
ˡ
Űɡ۵ʲô˵
ȵ䣬;֪ˡ
ʵ֪˵ʲôá
˯ţͱС̫˵ιСʳ
ι꣬Ҳ֪˯û˯ֱС̫
һϼΣֱ಻ԡ
ڶ챻幬˯²ʡ
üԼιġ
طGһĵͷ
˵⺣СҪԼιųɣǿȥιһһΣƽ״򲻶ˣֻҪιѡ
ι̡
طG
ڵ
Ͻʾ˯üطG밤ǲǣ
طG
㻤Ӳ̣˲
ô˵ţڿУϽȥ
ٴһ˵Ļ
ס
˯ĻڵأЩԲѵζڣҲûýһֱţûѡ
ڽлǲмǻһ£˯
̫ӹʱ򣬾ͼ§ź͡˯
꣬ɫȻ
ΪϲͲƬ̵Ĺ򣬲ôùȥˣϲվ
̫üͷͻȻЩûֳ
ȳͼʱ̣ǽ½ҿں͵óԴ֮λӰ졣
ûӰģǿźں껳ϲ
ͼźӣָһԹŵӵλǸʿ棬ĳªգŻػ
˵ͼ
̧ͷطi˵һ䣬ŵĸʿ棬ɵüͷˣŰɡ
Ƶ۾ۡطiĵ
ʿüδѹ̫үĻó赹ãųȥ˵òͯԱ˲֮ġ
طiü
˵Ⱥʹá
̫үĻ˼ɱҲˣٵһĻ൱ףʱ̫үή̬֮󷽱ʾϲ£ıүܳĸ󻼡
һүǰóĻǾǶϴ·
ʿ涮ãͼãطiථáﲻΪ壬˵ĺû㲻ˡ
طiüСӣºϲ
ϻҲÿ
ǣүҲϲʿſڵϡ
ͼϲȹ˾ġ
طiҡͷ顣
С̣ȷʵ᲻֡
ͼһۣǺЦˣ̫үƣ²յĸūŵĸ
طi̾뷨ӡ
ʿڵϣ̫ˣյͼŭģ
ڸʿ棬ڳݼ丸ĸ޶Ҳһ衣˴νδ̫ȡͼһа𣬾ͳŸʿȥˡ
̫·ϣϻطŸʿĻüͷ͵ûʵ۳谮͹ıոøⲻͬЩ
֣û˼
һ̣Ľ·СƨһŤһŤĿɰ
еͼ۾
͹Թڼι켱ˣܳһʱͶˣҪιһ㡣
ιûһ౽Ŷ
ͣ
ˣɡ
ŻҪιʵû˼
ȻСֵ࣬˵࣬Щȷ룬˵㡣
쳤Ҳιˡιʵ̫׳־ƾһǻ֮ġ
طGչָ˴С࣬Сһָ
ˣȷ
е㾭ˣ˾Цû£硣ιӶԲģȻ
˶ź࿴˰Ρ
ڴʱطiѾõϢ˵ǺĺѾͳȥˡ
͸˺͡
ü
ͼ̽ʿɷʼʱҡͷܾĪʱ²úӡ
һ
£Ҳǵ÷ţȥ̵£˵вҪŪˡ
ס
طi²ȥ֡
Ȼģлǳԣ˵ıոĺͰ磬콵ޱǣƲ֮ס
оǺδϻۣλ£˵һһۣԼƼһ
Ϣܿ촫
˵ˡ
̰ˡǰգǾܲˣҪһӡ
Щııȫ
ֱӴź԰ＸȦ˾ֺǺǵĿ䣺⺢Ӵϻۣܽʲôһᡣ
⺢ġ
ûб⺢Ӹÿˡ
԰ЩŵʵˣôĻ
ܿҲ˵Ϣ磬ľַش֮Ͳ룬˵ˣȻСһ춼һ
֪ˣطGҲ֪
طGԼ鷿գȥ˵͵Լ䣬ʵˡ
˺ܶ࣬жߵͶ͵
ʹȥ
µһ˸ʵˡ
룬Ѿˣǿ׳ĻӶȻ䱸һСųʲộȻлϲ
ȻֵȥͼйԱЦʣ˵ıռҵĺӴϻѧʲô죬ıô
طGƳһۣǳصѹùԱϥһЩڵء
үĳӣ˵òá
أְ׻ǹԱΣطG΢¶Ц⡣
Һأʡ


47 
ǹԱɫס
˿ʱŪ, ˾ʹǳֺУԻֱȶ黹˽⣬Ժζĳ嶾ȫ, ǹܹԼɡ
ǴҶ֪ʵ
ǹԱĨ˰󷽵ЦҶʮЦٲ, ʱҲǸĺúӡ
طGƳ棿õʡ
Ȼ, ӰΪ̰١
ǹԱˡ
طGĿ, ת뿪
ǹԱһ, ƽﶼѾ˴˽, ֪ĵС, һʱ֮죬޺ڣû˿ӡ
ӣҲǿŵ쾯ˡ
Ҳ, ƭ˺ЩǮƣʵû취ų嵽ıոǰơ
ҪȻŲ˵
ǹԱ̲סޡ
˳Ūףȷʵ⡣
ıգﻹʲô·
ӣܲܡ
طGǰ, ֿǹԱһۣﻤẉ̂κڮ١
޶˷ۡ
չԹٵǹԱ, ˵ľ竣μҲϣһݲɨɨ¡
ǹԱ˻ʲô׵ģѾûϣԳ䣬㱻ıүⶼ𣿡
˿طGʱˡ
ϾǻӣǿҪЩʲôǺӦԵġ
Աǡ
ҹжٸˣطGָɫĮҶָֻţү㡣
ŭ
һ룬ãıүȻ佲أʵֵ°³̣Ͳ㡣
޶˵ӣ˶Ȼݲعأҷϡ
˿ǹԱ񣬸˲ˡ
طG뿪ˡ
ˣ˵Ļ˵ˡ
Ȼıոֱڱ˾빬
幬
ڿԵģС͹Ĺĵģſɿɰ
ӣ˵ıʹˣһͲɵü
ֿʵȵΪüͷ֪˭ģҲһʣⲻڴĵҲڴ
̬ͻ񻯵Ʋס
˭֪
꣬Ȩı˽¬˶˵֤ͣ͸¶Թٵġ
طGһ˦ӣڵϣεʵǶ¡
ŹأӦ̵ġ
͵ͷЩۣСƨɣʾȥ
͸ϽǰطGϵľȥˣ۵Ĳˣ´˵˵ȥл귨а갮ں˵Դǡ
Լ꣬Сȥףĺ壺档
˵ȥ念СС㿴£ɱԼ׾С
ͷ壬æĲˣСͲͣȰȡ
ÿһůȴָ̣ر𰮵̣ݵڮ١
СԺ
̫ɫ裬ؿֶͼ͹˵ĸʿ棬ѧΥˣ
˵˲Ժ֣ͦϲ̵ģ۳ǼĶԲߡ
ŭһӡ
Сˣô崢䣬ôֶΡ
ͼ侲Ŀ֣˵꣬Źǰ̫үֻ϶С˽ʿһ¾үүǽҹ˿ɲ֪еֽ̡
ĿԾɴɡ
үүƲ߲ûгɹȷʵ˾̶ˮþаӿ
ͼڿȡֵĺӣɴ߲СڣÿÿսܣȽ޶ֻ޶ٶȣⲻֶˣʲô᲻ã
ңҲû£𣿡
ͼдʵӣطiɫѹˣҲΥˣ²òˡ
ͼ
طiˣһ߳
ʿӦء
طGˣۣתϵķ飬ؿǰС˵ɱ¼ǰ
ͼ
ӣеķŭơ
ͼΪ˹̫ӵĵλҪвͬ뺢֡
ôԶŵķӡ
˿
ͼǸȺ֮
̫ӲòĲòⲻû£ǶﱲЩͰͼ۾ЩԵģյͼǲҲҪ뷨ʹƲߡ
һΣʵɻˡ
طGźͣһһ߻ȥܾãҪ˼Ŀ⣬̫簮ӣʶͷϸ̫׽
ϴκͳ£ΪͿǣ֡
ˡ
طG룬ҪѸ£ԵӵĿСһζãıոƽϲ֡
˺ܶࡣ
ˮһǺ«һ¿
ֱ߲ˡ
֪ﲻʹ죬
Ȼ
𣿡طGʡ
ʹסСĿ𣿡
طG˶٣СƨɣԲԣ
ԳԳԣжԣֲɵ
طGü͵ĿĵĳǺ«Լ̣Լָۣ˭ۡǰС

ն
ͲɵЦˣֺǺǵóԣҪ𣿡
طGһ
ȻرոϾſڵţСϺĶǣɵýĺһۣЦŵֳǡ
ϳ࣬ںֳԡ
;ԼС;Ҫ˵ʲôҺ㡣
Ҳģǲס
ʵ²ȥ졣
طGʩʩȻԺȥ
Щǣź͵û˵ʲôȺȥ棬ѹʡ
طG
ô˭ģüʡ
һӦǵ
ʵô㲻ˣ÷ţϾӣʵòκκô
ڶӦǳϣҪ׷ע⵽ĿǰطͺʹܿʼһУŵĲ´Ьġ
ȴ־ãǡ
ͷʲô
طGͷͼģģûˡ
ͳ֮ŵĶϣǶźͳ֣Ȼưոݡ
ǰеͷԽˡ
طGϵļ磬һү
ϵͷ
갢꣬Ҹ˵ˣˡ
١ѹϲ
طGͷ׻ȥ
̵ͼסˡ
ڶվʵӦ˹СƯ;ס
ۼֿĸ
ʡ
һ޹˵ˣϲҪףСƯҺϲ
üͷ
̺ӵģϲҪףƯô࣬ףǲס
ͷ㰢ꡣ
ͷΪ
סС㡣
Լᰢ֮ţѡ˰꣬ϾѲƶ
ٺһЦԼཱུСƨɵʱҴ𣿡
Сƨɣûȥƽʱңٻǻġ
һЦá
Ҳеڴˡ
طGͿʼ£ʲô㿴ô̺ӵģͽ˵̵ģϲľҪףÿ룬һǰ㣬˼Ҿ͵ø
طG
һʱЩãȻ˵ʲô
ܡ
ͣ˵ܡ
;дʣ˵ԼƯףͽԼϲľס
ôһ˵طGʱûǴԭǡ׻ȥ
˵ϲҪס
طGԩˡ
ûСĴƴСƨɡ
䱸ĿѹҶԣ
;СİСԴ̵ԣ
ôüͷһֱӰƳ
װİ棬˶ˣֺõЦЦС͵װꡣ
ֺǺǵЦˡ
;ˣֱס
ౡ
ڵСԴף
طGбЦ
찤ˣܲԼ̡ǲʱδ
һ飬СԴ̺ĿطG
С˰ɵСԴЦŵΪ֧⡣
Լ꣬ˡ
ͺٺһЦԼ֧ʲôҪֻҪš
˵һƶ
˵Щû˼ĽǶȡСʱ˵һЩ֮Ļ
طGҲסůůġ
ü͵Ŀźͣļ磬˵ĶԣԼǰһζĶţûʲôá
˲ͷ

ֱӰɨسš
ɱ¼úߵǰԭСΧ֪ôӡ
̫
ھȷ֪ıոĵճӺ͡
ĸТܲʺ
˵Ҳǰա
ıոһʱŷзȷһ˭һ¡
Ȼıղš
һŹأʲôʲô
ſȸٵʽ򣬾չ
һֱڿš
طGڣݪŪһõģ
͸ССǲϲԼꡣ
ϱ˳̬Ҳ󷽣Ӳ¶顣
˸ŵʱ򣬾ͼɹ̫ߣϸĴŲôûԻ
ƽ̹СŬĹ˹ģЦ£С΢΢͹𣬵²ǿԻ
ͣоЩ
ϾһĨڣʲôʲô֪

һͼߣ͹ԹԵǰ밲
밲Ͼ̲סЦüСԴʣ䲻ѽ
ҡͷ
Сֽűȴȵġ
Լðء
ƳһۣС˵ģ֪ǲ䣬Цȥɡ
ϿԲıӰʧۣҪ̾ͺˡ
ϲ
һͶԵܾã⺢ǺʹģͶԽĲͬ
һܺõ飬ʵЩֲ˼
ʱøɩһߣ㲻˵ҲȿŰү뷨ԣƲˡ
Դ֪˺ӣͺǰ԰үûʧֻ
ȥԺıȱͼ廹ܡ
Լ˿еƶʺҲǸˬСˡ
ʲô֪ʲô
ֻУû취źүֻܿԺȥǺܺ⣬Ժ
ɩо仰˵ЦŶϾµüһڼţүںԺô죿
ϴ
ѹ֪ģǲʹ죬ôŽ
ʡ
ô˵ϾЩʱźͣүȻأȴرںԺԺ
ʱţҪõޣûҪȥƽЩ
ڣ˶еζ
ȥ룬طGȥ԰ˣƲȹϵıֺá
û취˫ֽǰ̬ѾãҾӣǾźӹӡ
ǧ꣬кͣﻹ̡
˰ˡ
ûôҪ
ǮкӣпС̫࣬òСŮǵøղסģ㲻˭ܡ
Ŀ
ǹϿ
Ϊ˹
ɫӣˮһ
ȡһ¡˵
ϰ֣һڡ
Ҳʹ˸ĻֶΣͼȥү
ûá
Ĳ⡣
ҲںԺ
ͼ죬үعأԼŷ֣үŮɫ
ҲƣֻҪ£ἳӪӪΪ
һˣʲôȥס
ˡ
һз
ӴϻүϲҲүϲ
źӣүԺ
һֱûгȥ˼һֱѣհźĸ񣬵ˡ
Ҳţүʰһ٣иˡ
ȳϣߣ㰲š
ŹϵӰ̾߹ǡ̾Цʣˣ
ҡͷ
Ҳ֪ͳʲô
طGüۡ
طʲô״̬ʡ
طGüôˣ
ǻֵ̬ܶŮˡ
Цûʲôǰ˵ܡ
鲻֪һ
´ղڣΪ㲡

طGбɵһҭ֪
ˣϰ˼ҵİȰɶˡ
㡣Ů˼ҵСܸ
طGӡ
Щ
ɣ
˵˼ԣٸˡǸŮˣΪΡ
и˵Ե͵ˡ
֪
˵һ䣬֪طGĺ;յĳ˽ֺǺǵ밢ˡ
ֵŵŵŵĳϻҵȫ
طG
ô
ȡɤӡ
ȫҲӦǡ
Ļ
СԴڣԳҩҩ
˵˷޲һҩ֭ιȡ
갢˽һ£
ȥرá
طG۾
˵
ʹпΣգһܵﻳ䱸Ŀ
Сƨɡ
ˣֻҪ˫΢Уһ侲ĿǱȻ¡
ʱһȵĴ
ЦΣְֲ棬֪ƻᰤᣬҪһ¡
ȡѺƳȥ
ڶαƵĺͣ
ڹʱ򣬱귨ƣڻؼˣơ
ꡣֺõЦЦ
СҪطGۼֿסˡ

Ȼء
ǡطGЦ
죬߬СȭͷطGֱĳãЦеĿ䣺ȣֱֳÿ
һЦ
ȣȷʵֱֳ
һ䣬Сȴˣվ·ˡ
ֻʣºͺطG
Сƨɡ
ðҵİµһá
̵ƨ
طGСͼǰɵЦˣ
Ͻס
ִ˵ͳԣǴһ˴β׵ա
ͨͨ
šϹ򶨵Ļ
ڶطGһ̣ȴٿغ
ġ
ͽиʱָоȻͬҲһִ
ү
ỽ
еĻطGüӯӯ𣿡
طGЦģĿ
̺ĴתһȦ
ϲڵ졣
Ͻתȥ׼ʳˡ
ͿֿǸʣӺˡ
طGһͣţ̫䡣
ŵʱ򣬺;ͷ֣ͶԸģûнӴ
ССԴװ˴ɻ󣬵ʲôû˵
ţõϴʱ㿴ŵⲻ񲻽Ӵ
̸𣿡ͺʡ
̸
ʲô
ͬʣһ֡
ͲɵЦˡ
ֺǺǵ̸˵
Ϻ˿ڲ裬šź͵Ķ䣬֪ʲô
ȴ룬ߴһͳ
ԡ
˵
Ϻͷţ˵
طGƳһۣвˣ˹Ե㡣
ͻҪٿȴһֻȸĴƸסСҪȥ౵
ʱԼطGϣףԼ档
ܵ顣
¡
Цˡ
ȻϵĴɿͼڵš
զˣ
㰭¡
Ŷ
ֻҪĸãܵίʲô
Ԫڣ㻨ƿѡˣʡ
͵ʱ˷ֺǺǵԶƣҾȫ̡
طG
ϲҲͰˡ
ҪװӣҲҪ
զϱ񣿡
ʱ򣬱ˮˣԲϲ
ӡ
ǡ
ϱè̡
ܲµб۾档
ǾµüƯˡ
طGûסһƺƨɵϡ
ô˵һ᣿
վûС񻨵ƣΪȥˡ
˭֪
ǰĲֵȱȷŴƯĻƣè̺̬ı
ſɿɰ
һ۾ϲˡ
ôʡ
ͲɵЦ̺ϲŶлл귨ء
ϲĲˡ
ЦţԴ谮ǰ˫нٳ裬ҲΣ
ۡ
ܹĺһ㣬Ҳġ
޵ߣȻ̻λ϶ÿеһжΪ
û⡣
è̵ĻƣЦ㣺ա
һԵ١ѹЦеǣ֣ͼ͵͵ӿ
Ƴһۡ
Ц޹үұ
ЦĽ鶯ƯüἫˣɵΣ㱧
ء
١ѹţҷҪԡ
ͰѺͷڵϣ١ѹ˾ź͵Ҹѣͼ
һڣʵڱ
ͣ
ƯҪ˰ɡ
㱧Ҳˤ
١ѹˡ
СһԵĻˣЩεĺ壺С֣
ͣ
˵ʱܲܲҪҵġ
ûӡ
١ѹΪͬĵͷ꣬ˣƯ̸˾ͺá
СԴְ
ཱུĺͣЦĴȰ⺢Ӷôˣ檻ͷһμأÿСͯһ
˿ˣ;ֵСͣ˵ˣл
ϡ
ôôԣֵġ
Խ˼ҵСԽǽԵϾһӳġ
СΨ²ҡ
ȡף͵СطףһβˣҲ뱧
ŬĶľܱ
ȻҲǻ뵽һĻüͣļ磬룬ԸȥиŸԵİ繫˴˼׽һ
طG˲뿵ͺͺܽ
˴ˮĺͣɵ˿
ڹ£Ƕġ
ϾԷ˾飬̵֪ϸֻܣ´ٷȻȫ֮ߡ
ϴεСʨӼÿҪһء
ʡ
ҡͷظ͵ĵ
仰˵ȥ͹ȥˡ
òܻ⡣
һҲˣͲˡڴʱūŹ˵ϾҪ̻ˣù׼á
һڴסˡ
Ը֣һڴʡ
Ըס
ҵԸС˵
ʲôʱתӵ̻ͷˡ
𣿡ס
Ը˵Ըǲֵ
˵ţ߾ʹ౵һǾ޴̻ըڿС
Ưˡ
ĿתĿš
룬㲻Ը̻ҲƯˡ
䲻Щ̻Ŵ̻ʵס
ͰСԴ
˷ܵİֶĺˡ
̻ʱ򣬴Ը
귨ˣҪ쿪Ŀְ
ڵʱ̻ͣˡ
̻꣬ſʼž
ͣ
Ըö档
طGҲЩ̿ɵӣǡ
̻µĺͣĵʪۿ˵ӣ̲סжޡ
˵ϲ
еࡣ
Ŵӣð˺ܶܶࡣ
ҲãֺǺǵǸɰӡ
Ӧһø첲ס֣¶ϸ¡
һ԰ʩʩȻţ̻ڿвͣըƯˡ
̻䡣
õĶղס
ڿɾQ˫ִ״̻Ը
Ȱȵûͣ
Ķۡ
ԸصСҲסôԸ̻
ͲЦ̻Ҳ׵õĿ֡
͵ߵһ죬оը̻è֪ǹˣȻȴҲûмꡣ
Һãּˡ
ѽ
͹˹ͷ౵
㰮㰮㰮㰮㡣
һ˵
ٸ޹Ի޲ס˵š
Ȼȴ̲סЦļۡ
ȡ
ɤӣŬıסɫ
ȻûסĿһޡ
طG
ɡ
̡
ϹͷŽ
źСȰȵģ֪϶˵ʲô㣬Һµһá
ߣƻ̡
һֱע˲ɵЦ
١ѹͼٴαֺǺǵҸ˵̽㡣
ڿΣյУ֪רѬգ

١ѹ²УЦ㱧
١ѹ
˶һۣһ
١ѹΪλߵɣТܲʺףֱȿС࣬ؼӳ£ӶϺܶࡣ
żղÿ޴Ӿܾ
̲С
ֵĺ塣
͹̻˾˽̩ʼλˣ˵ý̷˾衣
ȻĴڡ
յĻǾơ
һֱڵȣεȼˣûֻ輧һЦǣУȻںһƬȷѪꡣ
ʵǣ輧ڸ̨裬ԶԶĸݡʵæ˾ƣû̧ͷһæµ輧
ʧ䡣
ְתϣպðƣСԴʣ꣬𣿡
طGش𣬿ͷ㡣
ܳ𣡡еˡ
طGҡͷ
ȴÿմմ⣬ķޣɵùЦ
ܳʸʵ۵ľƣǱȻõľơͱһ£ʱʧȥԾƵ뷨
ôѺǻȣʾ⡣
Űͻ귨ͬ飬ѹҪ͵͵ȣ
ԼƱеˮ飺ҵĻ
ǲɵ񣬿һҭطGַ꣬һơ
;Ϳš
طG꣬;ԼˮСüͷһٵתԼľƱ
طGĶһģһ
񣿡ġ
Цͷ񣡡
ûסĺͣʵ̫ɰ׺˾ƣûأĵһΡ
صúһ



48 
ͱС, Ŭί
һˡ
ôèᡣ
𣿡ʡ
°ͣЩ飺ûˡ
ô˵Ȧ˲ͺ, ߳ˮգգ۾, ŵϵ
ġ
ûˡ
ûʲôζ
Ͻڻ壬, ŷһ̡
šίͰ͵ĵͷ
µüۺˮ, ͷһۣ˲, ǴһȭȻܿϺܾá
, 
˭֪ͷο귨ûûŶ
һȥ
ôɰ, ϶档
ͽס
ᣬվûסરµ
귨
ĹĵСǿɰˡ
ȡ, Ͻ§ڻ, ѹޱ, ˡ
ˡ
ס, ʣ۲ۣ
΢ţ
;ҵıۡ
Ӹִ, Ŵߴߴĺ壺귨۲Ŷ
ꡣ
ӵĴ峿ٻϵ¶飬峺ˡ
, , , ȥο㡣
͵ӿİ
ڴʱ, һǶں͵Ĳˣ˳ԲζϾڹó, ⶫʱ׼ţԵʱܳԵ
ͳ۽ëϵỹûɣСЦĿ֡
һֱڹעŵ˿ŵʱҲζһ£ίˣȻҪ˽ߺһҪһҪ
ɼˣ϶ί
طGĴӵס֣˸˿ԡ
һ˻;ſڿ˯ˣȵţ׾СϴЦ⡣
££˵˼ȡ
һĳֱӱ뿪
ϵʱЩţǰȥѺͱȻȴԭأЦĺ˺ѡ
Ǹɲ˵ĵط
طGü΢ֵ̧ܼķӦطi첽ǰҪͣЦŵ뱧͸ɡ
û֡
̲մȾ˻ҳ
طiü۲֪ʲô˼ɵó
ڿ󣬵ߵƫƧĵطһ̾һֱطG˵Բסȴ֪ôڣǶ²ϣʱĲ֪ô졣
Ѿˣɶﻹǲþū
طiԴǿУſһֱڲ¶˼һǵøѧ̫Զˡ
˵š
ֿʼͣһֱú⺢ӸԵ֣ѩɰִϻҲܵú谮ºЦʱʵĻţСصʱںϥ³л
Ԫķɺ䡣
ϣܶطiϵ磬ںϣҹĪˡ
Ĭˡ
˸幬طi͹ȥ
ſڣӣɵ̾˿
źͷϣҲ˯ˡ
ٶ㡣
رġ
£ϴϣź˯ˡ
˯㡣
ıոԺϷȥ˯ţָ˴طGССʣ˵̫үʲô˼
Ҫͣڡ
طGƽţϣ˯ɣû¡
꿴İˡ
ʵûʲôϵ
˯ɡ
ڶ˯ѣɫĽĻ귨
ˣ
˵žһʣõʲô
ҡͷĿͷ˵Լʲôԡ
˯ѣûʲôθڡ
Ȼʳ˼ڣ˲θڴ󿪣СֿʼĹĹĵģԵĺǿġ
ԣɵЦȥˣȻԼ档
͹ԹԵͷ
ȳԼһ;Щģȥ鷿
ʹʫͼһСڿͼ˽Щ
ģ
ʫ
ǰ̯˼ϣɵ΢
ǰС񣬲ɵ÷
⣿ͺĿ
Сϧּлʱˡ
ǻţСˣǻĽȴֻǿոˡ
ϡ
ͦġ
ˣ鿴˵
ͲɵЦˣСֹǳ𣿡


ʻͦ˼ġ
СӱϹ˵
͹Сյߴǳ˭ûУ
õĺûУèҲûУǲţ
ĶۣԶЩһЦûС
ôС̡
ʲôã
ͲɵЦˡ
ߣģ
˿ͻȻһ١
ʫ߸ߵķСһʶ
Źͻıոȥ
۾ۡ
ڸ幬ææµµѰأϵͼҪо
Ͳߣûоꡣ

װ
ŹǣϾˡ
ıոͼָʹֻǰæͼΪԼıƬ¡
ʱʱ̵̿㣬ϲ
ϹϾܾˣԺӭнӴܣֳ֡
鷿УôƬ
קϵգųĽëˣ
գ۾װ޹
ϳƬָ̣źԺʣһԣܶˣɺã
͹ԹԵͷ
úܿɡ
ֻҪоͳɣӵӡ
ʰˣطGҲͻˡ
һСӵĺһۣѹ˵ĻôСһԡ
ġӲôܾûӴƷ֮࣬ʶСԺһǲֵġ
طG룬ͺֻͣ԰ͷȥ԰ֺĹ滮԰Σ
ҲʡıһСӣͰ͡
룬ģ͹ɵĵͷ
˵Ҫã˹ߣطGϸĿͺôãϾǸģȻҪ⡣
ǧҪ𣿡
Ūݵĵط
ҪŪèè
һƬյأտԡ
Ѽһյʱ򣬳ǿճѣ̹
СȰȵģŵװס
Ūܣû档
С°ͣĿˡ
طGһ٣ͷһԵĵϣü԰԰
ʹСָһ
ʲô
Ǹˣġ
طGЦɣȫ㡣ȻҪ͸š
ͶʱյĴյطGǰСȻ
طGʩʩȻ߹ζʣǶأ
ͰСԴԹԵĿСֱ׳á
طG
ϵʱһЦСӴϻأ۶
Ǳ˵ϲﻹǸ˵ġ
طGʣģүã
˵ȻŪ
ϣжﱧţһ£ϴƳˡ
ããģöﲻ𡣡
ḛ̀С°ͣͼطGڿӡ
طG˵ûƢ
ãá
˵ţʩʩȻĻԺ
Ԫڣζȥһ»صǰ͹ԹԵѧö顣
СԴ̽Ρ
кͽЩһһӦԽԽϲ
¿Ҳ鱳ȷʵǵã䲢̫ҪԼȥ
ڻĸιĳԣûд飬˼
̣ѧĽô죬ɹûкܼ֡ĿҪڣ˵Щ
ȥʮᵽװȥܸܲϽȡ
ǰΧʮתΪȥ棬Ҳûߡ
ڿһ¡
͹ɵͷһ̾ʮˡ
ԴȥֵͺٳǰЩûˡ
ʮأʡ
ЦתתҪڻ㰢£ҪԱ֮ࡣ
ʱᷢܶìܣͣ
ʹס
ǾίĹ
ʮҲͦæģһ룬ͻȻͷֹˡ
ʮڻЩĻǶԱϤ̶ȣѼġ
¡ƶᶽǼʱꡣ
ˡ͹С
ֵȥ档
ҡͷ
ٹվˣһʱСԴһҲһֺõĸо
һԲԲƨɵϣʲô˵ˡ
Ȼ
ڶʱط顢ط_Ⱥˡ
һϲ˽ط黳СԴ̵Ļʮ壬תԺǽϴ̡
СԴͼط_ԺǽϣӸµĿ
ʱ򣬾ͼһֻСèС
ˣϡ
ط_ͷ
ûͳȥ
طЦᣬҲСèط_ͲĵĲӲñ

װͰ͵
ط죬ĸӰ룬ط_ǿۡ
ġ
׾ˡ
˵ţͼӭЦطGȥˣ˵ϻأȽԺ
ط˵ǸóɻˣҪТ꣬ϣߵĹŮźĵҲÿʰĺ
ط_Ҫܶ࣬ǱȻǴĸɾֺÿͻһʲݵĸо
ûطȣ嶼ܿ
ɨһۣûж࿴һ棬Լæȥˡ
Ϳط_סڵĿ䣺ʮԽĳˡ
ǰǸʲݵС꣬ﳶŹѼɤķƢ
ڶ̵ġ
ط_̧̧򢣬һ
ֱﲻסЦʣ𡣡
͵ͷĴָֺǺǵ档
ط鿴źͰط_ˣɵüڰӣһӣͷں͸ǰԡ
˻СʮӣйӶԼ
طҲסˡ
Եġ
طεҡҡͷŰȴط_߹ӣһţܹһӣͰں͸ǰСү㡣
ɵСϷ
ͳСӣСط_ЦźȻĺܡ
ط_Цļۡ
˵ЦţͼطGʩʩȻĻھ͵ͷʾ⣺û
ҡͷ
š˵
˵Żūþ
ֵǺһطG£ˣʹףһ¡
ģ;Ц꣬ʲô°
طGСڴУ㡣
һҭ
Ͼƣ˵棬غˣ˱طGغȾƣ;ͱһߡ
طG˰
ú֣ίߡ
Ϊûطߡ
ģ겻ġ
ˣѻɻ
ԼǺ͵İ꣬ҪΪ
ȣطGٱ
ط_һκôİ׾ƣһȥһ
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ɢˣҲûʳʲôͽ˲
ס˯ˡ
ȵڶգ֪ˡ
ӽʿ淢ͼܻ¸ݵףͼ̫ı
һٳԾ
ͼڽǵУɵЦĿŸʿ棬ūš
һ䣬ÿĿ
ͼл˵
̺ܾˣ̫ӵƣĲֻܹѹ൱Ҳù˼
ͼڵϣأʿָ֮£ū򲻸ϡ
ͷ綾һϣҲ֪Ƿʲôа˲񡣡
ʿڵϲ˵
ͼҲ޿̣СŮѩɰոռǵ꣬ȴżȻ֪òͼϣֱѹȥˡ
ʿ˵Ҫμӽѡ㣬ȴͼ˵Ѿϱ񸮣˶񼲡
ȶˡ
ŮѶôһ绨С˵ûûˡ
ȥͼҪ˵Էȴ˵ʲôҵһˣŮȻҲǡ
Ҳˡ
ɥѣ̫
ʿ治̡
һвŮιոճ
ڵϿſѪ΢֮ͼ˽ļū
ʿ֪²̫մͰصݵ׺Ϳϡ
٣پıո£㹻һˡ
ʿ޵⡣
ĿͼֿһԵطiüʣ̫ΪΣ
Ҫұۡ
̫üŸʿ棬ǰ⣬¶Ȼݲ㣬˽ˣ´ӣ㾹ģ
Ҳŭˡ
һʱЩʧ䡣
̫ӣͼ㡭û˵꣬طiŭڶӢʥ˵λΪ꼴ˣҲǸԸġ
ûдġ
̾˿طiﶼãСϻᣬģǳҲΰҲΣʱͳѶ˲塣
ͼҰ˽֪ƫǸõģĸմع칬һС̫࣬񣬲񲻿һ

ƽôһסӣӦĺã˽أҲܡ
ɱһŲգûʹطiߵԽӡ
̾˿
˱ۣ֣ˣѹ£˾󡣡
Щܰ˵ۣŸʿ棬Ҳ̲סҡͷ
ǰźͣǾͿߣǧټƵҪΪطiá
ԼȨʧȥˡ
ͼץˣ˶ŸɵʱҸҳͷһͼûˣзলľԱһʱ䶼
طGҲŽա
˭Ҳˡ
Ȼû˵˶֪ͼĿٱү¶ץıոĵӺйء
վÿۣ˵ףǳСˣ˸Ҷ֣Ǿǲ
̡
ȴܸˣпˡ
ȻܿЦˡ
ΪµطGԼûа취ȥ飬ɾĻ̡
һ飬һ֡
ĺͿ಻ԡ
꣬ʲôʱȥֵ
ڼﳳˡ
ϺЦҡͷطGԣ󵨵İ֣Цүȥ
ϲɷӶߵĸо
ں͵ʹ࣬һֵġ
ֵһᡣ
˵ţԺﴫͨһ졣
طGü̧ͷͰүú
ȻƬ̹һƬӰǰ
űˡ
ĸ磡ط_ָ
طGȥţѩ߽ɵü㶼ֵˣôܡ
ͼСװףū飬˵ʲô۵¡
лң޴ĶԼĸ硣
طGüͷ
͵֪˵
²˵ϾغӺ͵ӣδᣬʱ˺ռơ
ǧ͸ȥֺطG
ط_ͷ
ŷѩִҴȥ
طGһͷͶϺ͵Ŀ⣬üģ
ġ
ͻȻʷҲ˼̫Ӹȷʵѳۣ˵̫żԼðġ
ط_ĻǱݺ
ʱûʲôĲҪ˾ʲôˣǲǰٿĪ硣
طGͷҲʲô˵
˫ա
ԹԵͷ
֪Сܶأʲôû˵

ģԼĶӣ׻˵úãɽ¥ָо
꣬û¾Ͷдţʹӷճʼóԣĺˬڡپֵӳˣ㿴з񡣡
СԴЦһζȷʵȨƣԽҪתɽЩƽĶ
㶨Ĵڣʧ
طGؿźͣβŰڻıСӲҪ᳤ߡ
һҭ
ŲҪߡ
ıյĲԣֻܽһ£ٴճһ㡣
᲻˼̻ġеУܹٲˡ
طGס˫峺۾Եô˵ĺࡣ
٣ۼˡ
ˡ
úһϻۣһ㡣
طGֵŲڴĲ
ϵõĳû
ҲЩطiطGˣҪкһ±Ȼá
طi̫棬ڵΥ
طG̫棬£סġ
ͼ£óַ͢зᣬ˿ʼ
ͼıӻ£߽֮⣬Ҫǣʿǵһ
ɢǽơ
ۿš
׳꣬ȥЩ顣бŪǲʹ졣
̬չطiľȲͼɵЩãȻ
̳ƣͿʼ幬ȥ
꣬үһ˵
ˡ
طiԹԵԷžͿʼ̾˵Լʲôס˵Լȥ
˵ԼʱԺĽ֮˼˵ʱںϥͷֽд֡
˵˵žͿ
ҲǶ˼ˣǿطi᣺ÿοԺ΢ǵĲˣ;ܡ

⣬˵ˣԶԶûС
ǹµĺ꣬ƾʲôűĺӡ
Լĸ֮顣
ǺϲǶҲȥϲ˵Ҫ֣ˡ
ҲûŶԺͶ֡
ΪԼʣֶӶݲ£һǰ㣬ͷһʰľǺꡣ
Ͼ뿴ѵܹǶֵܸϾɱ
ƫҪһ֣ĺӡ
طi֪
ʲô֪ġ
Ȼ컯Ūˣ̲ͼҪޡ
Ҳ֪˼
Ǵ崢
˵
طiߴҹűС̫ȥ
Ĭ˰Σվ̧յϵۡ
ͼسƿ
ıո
ѵ˸磬ˡ
ԼԹԵĴѣ̵ţűطGǣţʩʩȻȥ
ȿ쵽幬ʱ򣬾ͼ·һӰ
ġɤƵĿڡ
طGһϽǧ밲ܸ̫ү밲簡
ûȥ͸һ˫ָסˣطiֵܣ˶񡣡
̧Ҳ밲
סˣͼ̫Ӷðţڣ㲼ˡ
ױΪԽӲϵͷǰ֪͵£ǺܹⲻȥҪ˵Բסġ
ֻһֱ
˹¼ҹˣֻˣ֪Լֵܽʲô档
綮ĵຣЩ
طGзȴģû£ֵܼ˵ͺˣǳܵĶӣҲֶӣϹͷŽȻ֪᲻á
ô˵ţطiһϿҵĵͷԡ
ֺѼ䣬طi뿪
һҹЩĵܼЦˡ
طGؿ뿪ıӰ鸴ӡ
ͿǸú˼
Ҷͦġ
ȵ幬͹ԹԵڿǰ밲ȷ᲻ᱻǨŭȻҪһźá
ᣬ§ڻ
귨͹ԹԵ밲ŷֵ
һȥϳһȥϿΡ
ŵס
߽ңŷ˶ˣڶϣǾҪѧϰѧҪѧѧѧĵѧѧѧԡ
ûеѧǶҪѧ
һ޲ʮʱĿζ
Ҳž
ܸϺ󣬾ȫѧƵˣ˺ֻܸϣѰߡ
Ͽ̣Ŀ಻ԡ
űʣһԵС彲Σǿ¸õСʲôᣬֱ
̲ᣬһ
˵õİأôͱˣֱ⧲
ͣ
бЦҵԽ࣬Խ
ͣ
˵лл㡣
ȷʵܿ죬ʱڱݵİȰһ
ƫƫ˵ǳԣͨ׶
ʵǻʶ̫ǿˣһЩֵֹСرࡣ
˵Ƶ󻨶䣬ʻľͺͻ¶
Щ򣬶ǺܹƤһֵǮһ
ϲСӡ
ֺǺǵЦ
ƽҲ˵;
ѧ࿴˵
طGĿھǵú
ϲˣܾãǻӾͺˡ
ϻۣȻд컯
˵ϣһ˷ԣһͬΪӿʮ꿪ʼһֱڿԷԵҲࡣ
Ƕܵ⣬ͺǿա
ȺңǲĿĵأɱһߣֵİտ಻ԡ
Ǿˮʦ

⸣ˮʦؾʵʼˡȻ󺽺ʱˮʦִҪġ
Ϊ̫ģͰԼﲻȥ
սƽʵûʲôıҪ
ͿŰ׽ųϣѣ귨·ʮġ
侲
֪ˡ
·ʮˣҲ
ҪĻ϶ܱߣǲҴߡ
ɱⷢĿˡ
˼
ģıոʥĵĻϣִǽϢ
ͷԴ˵Ǹǽ̡
ͼڿиᣬСŶжһȥƤ𣬷ݡ
˻
𡣡
ūŸгɿ飬ŶЩӲ
ģŴУһȥ֭ˮ磬Ƥȴ
ԹԵĿкõġ
СΧһſɿɰġ
˼
Ϊʲôһģ׾ҧˡ
Ӳġ
ʪͣε˼ҳѰƤͼӲġΪ˷ֹԵ
ȻжطζԵĸӻʵ
͹С⣺еۡ
Ц
è룬ǰһųˡ
èҧǸǵġ
Ȼڣ̣кõĸʹ˻
ܸ꣬˵𣿡
ͼŬһѡ
ʧЦҡͷʲôʱޱˣַˣᡣ
뿵ɵĿԣɵþˡ
Ŀ֣û£㵱ɿԵˡ

ڲˣ


49 
̵Ŀ֮, һᣬ۵ۡ
ųȥһԵż, ɨŮʰԵӶ
귨֪𣿡
ţ
˵ᡣ
ô˵
Ŷˣʵȫ
ֶˣ
εĿ, һĺ˵˵
˵ں£޻
ãȻĿ, ȷӦ귨С, Ҳ١
ĵ, ȴҲ֪۴ôġ
Ľ𣬶Դ۹˵, ʲô
һĳԶǱнǰ귨
һƨϣ⺢˵˵Ż񫡣
Ϳһ, ֹ, Ҫô˵˵ŷ޿ʼչҵ˵δİ˹
Կ˵, Цһϵĵ۹λӹɣgdp󼰵Ρ
զզءˡ
ʷĺ, ʱǸܸıġ
̱ŵСӣͰڻҪǧ
԰ǧǡ
귨ĸ첲ǧҪ˫ۻŵǧ
ˡ
˻ˣһһӣЦŵڼҲô㰢ģ
벻ɽƵסġ
ҲˡͲ
ཱུͦСظͻȻַӦϾҪˣ⴩ϱཱུСӾͲزסˡ
ҪʡһĿڡ

ʡ
ʴʰ
ԼԲСӣһա
áӦˡ
ŵʱ򣬽ǰߣ峴˿Ц֣峴ġ
񽥽ȥС;;ˣԡŵζʱʲôʣͱԺ
귨ֺõЦЦ
ǡڴʱطGؼңһҪأɲܸԡ
طGؿһүСƨɵ
յߣϵסԼСƨɣ嵽ͼѰ
񺰾
ЦİƳطGƣҴʼţװӡ
ʹס
귨Ƴˡ
طG˹ʣ˵ʣ
Ҳ˼
ͷҡͷʲôô㡣
ŲҪ
ղžͺˣǻ귨ԡ
ûŶǶǾͲˡŬϢ
ţһ˵Ȼ˵
ǰʧõ񣬶ʱʲôˣֵ
طGųƷ˵һƷϢ˼طGļҲΪͿǡ
طGΪֻΪ꿼ǡ
ƫˣ±Թʡ
¿ӣתһͷɵĺͣɱѧ㰢ꡣ
͹ԹԵͷѧ귨
˸ȥ幬ָֻžһڵſڣͷƵҹɫ
мžˣûκ
ʱòĹҲҪ
һ죬ĹûˡҲ˼
ߴʤ
¹ϡ
ɺʹЩ֣ôʧˡ
طG·ϣСԴ꣬˹Ȼ档
طGһ
һûʼҵĶݲ浥Ļ䣬ûа취ԻʼҵĹء
˼
ĵһУ֪
˻رոͼſŵӰţǵƣڴ·ϵˡ
̵ĻһɿطG֣յܵϻӵĹ
ﰡ
ϱĻŭţϽҪȴ;ܾˣŶء
ﻹУС΢͹ǵá
ôһ˵οСԴãǶǣߡ
һһСʩʩȻǰߡ
طG󣬿źͰСԴߴߴ˵ŽռţţǵĹâӳϣԵǻᷢһ
ȻԺûţҡͷ˵ûУ;͸ϽǣԣϽԡ
´ɫ磬óԾͳԣҪȰˣֵʹյߣѹ˵Ļ
áҲѹء
˹ĻļȻ̫죬˵Ҳࡣ
طGͷ˵Ķԡ
ţ˾ͰȵϣźüɫĽһЩ¡
ͼʱƣʣµ˸ӷҲʼ
ͼΪ̫Ŀɽֻ죬Ȩϼ֣ˣɢ̫Ӷ֡
»нϵˣ⵹Ǹ¡
ڿ˵ҪҪͼҲΪѵĽ˽֪ͼΪ̫ӵӵΧ䷱ïͼˣ̫Դ
ұۣⴢҪĺʲô֪
̾˿
̫ӣʱҲһ˳죬ġ
ð졣
аӿһ˲ŸֳǾǰ˱ط룬Ȼᣬȫ
һʱ˽ڳޣ˭Ҫ
طGۿţʱڹעŶ
ͼ²ãнְû뿪˭ͲתĵЩȱٵĲˡ
ÿϿηѧЩ޹ؽҪ
ֻϲŭ֣
תůʱһвǳ䶨
̱ڴϣСŽźߣҪõĴŦõˮźܺÿ
ϡĲˣ봩ϲ
ͱСӣգųޣ
ϱˣü㴩
óĴϣ˴ţʾȥ
յܳȥȻñܳȥٶ˻
˻ֶš
̫ˡ
ӣ򣬱סЦֱСӣ
ͱСһ͸ϽͶĻҴ
ݡ
䣬գʵûʲô¶ȡ
ҲۣϽǣߣһЦˣѰӻϡ
ûһ
͸ϽȥԼİСůͺ͵رϧİѴڹãЦü䣺԰㻹ɹɡ
ͱˡ
ԹСӣ̲סЦ˼ҴİţͻȻקǳǳĴһ£ӻȥˡ
һҲǣ̲סҲЦˡ
⴫ūѹŵĺͼһݵӰԺǽϣԺﺰͣ
ʮ填۾ˡ
òʵ
ź
ط_ûź֣ʾ
֡
һС˹
ͷ̧ͷѾط_Ӱ
СܿɰǸССĴè񣬿ҶСãĺܾ׼
͹䣬ͦСӣֺǺǵȥԼôÿȡʮա
ɵüɫôãؼǿŵǵʵ̫ˣͻ㾦֮ʡ
濴С̫˵ʮİѾˡ
ˣˡ
طſڣصūͨ룬Ź߽ԺǸ밲ſһԵĺͣȥ档
ãʹӦˡ
תʩʩȻˡ
Сһ;Ծطֻ꣬¶һŰ׾С
ʮ壬ȥġʡ
طЦȥϲĶ
ⴺδһȻ
СԴһķ磬Ҳûʲô·ԽԽ죬˫
ׯϴ𣿡˷ܵĦȭơ
첻ԡط
ԶԶܿһȺ·ߺţľܿокϲˡ
ꡫ˷ܵĴ󺰳
طGӻ֡
ͣ£ͼֱطAطıطG˱ط롢ŰطKڣźūţվһƬˡ
ԹԵ밲Сˡ
طAСԴ㰢һ̶벻㡣
ʱʱ̿̾Ҫϡ
ͦԼСţǺ벻ꡣ
ԹԵܵطGǰסȣȱסʱ򣬲ɵ˫İСԴ갢ǲǳˣ
ǰûȳģڲˡ
طGСԴȷʵˣû١
ԡ
˵
㿴²ŵС⻰ȥˡ
̸˾ͺá
ٺٺٳˡĵĲˡ
յĳ嵽طǰĿ䣺̳߸ˡ
˲ɵöЦ
ԭиСͦ˼ǰ˶Щų⣬Сʵ鷳Ľǻá
ҲǴԣҲûԵķ羰ܲɹ䡣
˲ȥ
ţȻʡ
񣡡Ϳĵˣ˷ܵĲˡ
ԭǴġ
طGɵüͣӰҲЦݡ
ĵܴĵáطAЦ˵³ТӣҲ̫ˡ
ɢҵɢӵܣЩΣطG˫ָĻء
ôźͣǷСرʱɵѧϰʱһ˿Чʸߵ̾硣
ŲС̣Ǹոɵ꣬ѧ̫࣬
档
ʡĵʱʲô⡣
СǳԹͷġա
Ϳ񣬸˵ü䣬޲ֱ˵ȥ
ôϲطʡ
粽ĸš
͹ԹԵͷϵ⣬ⱲֻҲԸ
ʣʾϲ
طͷ
Χһ𣬲ݵпݻƵĲݸ΢΢ðͷѿ
̿裬¯ӡ
һڳ˵ʱףҪտ
Ҫ⣡͸
Ż˵һ񶼿Ե̣ĺԼĵ
ϲ
Ȼ⡣
طGȻ֪һ𶼸ˡ
һԼæȥСûȴŬڡ
ط֣á
˵Լڵ㡣
ȻȥҪȡ
ܿ죬ζʹˣҲûˣϽܵطGǰԹԵĸ֡
Ҹ˵ҿɺóˡССĸط˵
طˡ
ǵȻʮ峢ζ
һ֣صĵͷʾ壬˵ʲôġ
ֺǺǵķ棬ʱעŻȻŵţͻȻͼģȻǺˡ
ô᣿
Ŀڿˡ
طGѣ㷽ſֻɹˡ
ľ˵㡣
ͣQAQ.
طȴһ㶼⣬ֱùڳԵЦŵܺóԡ
޲ڡ
ҪȻϻкɫӡǣطGˡ
꣬Ҳ㿾һڴ
طG
Ҳػꡣ
󲮿ˮơ
۰Ͱ͵ĿطA󲮣
ѾȲˡ
طAܾǶ۾Щ˼ֻεУעЩ򡣡
ûطǺ治ɫĳԵĿ⡣
͹ɵͷĦȭơ
һˣڶȴģƵƤðͣͷŵϣžͺóԵĽ
ͿŶЩԼֱӵݸԼ󲮡
طA˹ؽӹһڣ̲סͷ
ⶼǰģֻҪˣζȻ
طǸʵһˡ
һ֣նʱҲūԶ֣ųԡ
ͳԵС͹ĹģཱུСģΪԴһݳĺӡ
˳ԹһأЩ壬ֽū¾ƺȣǶܵ͵Ǿƣǵ֭Щ
ʹսţΪʲôҪȾƣ
طGһ㳤֪ˡ
طAֱӵĶࣺСƨӶʲô
һҭ
һ̯СƨӲˡ
Ҳ֪ܲܳ£ͲίԼˡ
طGͷŻʸһ
ͽСͣá⡣
˲ֹЦطGСѧˡ
˳ԳԺȺȵĵǺܸˣطAˣߣ˿طˡ
طΪͻ˼־һжڲС
ȻðǶȻ뷨ġ
һжûǻãҪȻʱûôˡ
žƣġʮǸ̫Ӻܣ̫ʧƣֵܣû뷨
ռųֱ̫ӵ£ͷһ
ʲôͷֵǻŲŶԡ
ôһ룬ڡ
طGȾƼ϶۾ˣ˫΢УغȾơ
Ⱥȹһ֣ҲԵĲࡣ
˾ͿʼŲյȲ衣
ţͼԶطi˹Ц˴кɣڴ˴ˡ
ҲϽ밲
طGɫ죬ɵᳰǸ̫ӵֵġ
񺹰괺ﶦʢִ̫ӣԹ̫ܰϻλĿû
طG밲һԡ
طAطiлҩζʮ㣬˵Ҳ˻̫ӵܵܵĸ첲ǲǲ̫̹
طiɫһڡ
⻰ʵ˵Ľ
ĸ첲̹ͳɣɱһͻȻˤ˸첲
˶̱ӡ
Ϳˣ˺û˵ǰմԽʱ򣬴ۣûôŨĻҩζ
͹˸̫꣬ʧơ

̾
˵ţطiתһԵطֺǺǵ޵ôˣ
طЦŻأ˵ڶ࣬ӣҲԽչȽϿ졣
չ죬Ȼܳɼ
Ѽ䣬͵꣬򡣡
ˡ
Ǵһֱ죬ʵû˵ﲻסˡ
طAǡ
ָĵطԶվȥɰɡ
ܾûŪЬϡ
طǰȥ
Ƚ꣬˻ԭصţطЦŵ٩أ
ʹͷ
ʩʩȻߣķǱȶ쵽˼̹Ǻ
Ҳôûеۡ
˷ֳܹԱˣط黳һѣЩ˯
꣬С첲
ΪطGᱧʱĽӹסཱུСƨɵ˯ɡ
ʵڿɰĽ
ͱ۾ѣ˯ˡ
طG˵ŵˡ
˸Իظȥˡ
طһ·طGıոȥߵſڣͿſһŭꡣ
Ӵⲻĸ𣿡
Ѹҧرء
С󣬾˸縮ȥˣ˭֪ûҵˣ˵ǳȥˡ
ȻڽһȦЩģͻҺ棬һ²ˣȻҲ˵ǳȥ档
طųȥ档
û
˸ûĸҲû
ըˡ
طGͷ۵üġ
ܵ
ֵú塣
յܹȥյǰĺʮ塣
ط_˹֣ҵ
ȥ澹Ȼֻط顣
Ҫըˡ
ը
СԴյǰ䣬
ʵҲЩ⣬Ⱒ治ܴʮ棬ҪšһȾͳ˰ӡ
ϾŻʮڱҪʹֱܿգ˫ȫڳҡ
Ͼֵܡ
⻰û취ʮ˵
֮ǰ޵ء
ڸΪûطĴãıոſ֡
ط첻˵
ǱĺӣһʲôҪ
ط_á
ڵҲÿκκΪ֪ĸΡ
ĸȻǵûġ
طGֻĿѹƢ겻СˣĻԡ
˲˱ſڣⶼռȫˡ
ط_ŲӣΪʲôҡ
Խܡ
طG˿ξۻᣬ˶ܴϵģʮûȥ
ܽС
ϰΪʲôûҲ֪
ȻǰԶЩҲֵ̫ѿ˿
طGɫࡣ
ˣط_ź͵С֣ССĺߣΪʲôУҲͬܵ𣿡
طGطһۣ̾
޿֡
ʢʮĻȥ֣ܹ鲻Ƿӡ
ط_Ϊһ˭֪⣬˴˴˲ˡ
ŭˡ
һͷһۣططGؿӸӡ
òĶࡣ
ط_գգۣܼˡ
ͿȥӰҲЩۣȴû˵
ܳҲ̡ܶ
仰˵ǳʱڳĺĺ
ط΢ţû˵
طGüģ߰ɡ
̫ʦαūų£ܿͷüꡣ
طGͷһۣתԺȥ
ʹĺȻճȥˡ
Ĳߵˡÿ߳طҲڣЦŴк
ʮүˡ˵
طϽǧɩ
ŵʮ⺢ӣûŵǰɡ
֪ȥ治Ժĸʲôһ
ҡҡͷ¡
ůģ¡
ϵͷϲϵģһкط³Բ裬طG˵ع
ȼ˵仰طŸȥ
ʮӳȡϿ䡣
ǰǸϳɵģطʱ̹Ц崺Ĳͬ˵ҪЩǲ˵ʲôǺţϰ쵽ͱȽѵˡ
طGͷһԵĺͣ˯㣬־Ĳˣ˷ܡ
⺢ӣƽϰֶ档طG
껹С
ϵͷЦŵ֪ûôԵС
ҲȷԼ޿ž㣬ĺüˡ
ԼΧû仯ⶵµĽӶˣִһءԼĶӣЩϧԼϸ֫
طGĺͣƣϱȻһ£üһ磿
ϴסô֪
Ҳ̫׼ˡ
Ȼ׼طGڵ
ϵʱĺһۣ˵
طGƳһۣСļѪսЩñǼ̺գڶʣţ֪뵽ȥˣ
ϱݼڶϣʱӣŬıССĺߣ𡣡
ߵС͸
طGָĦ۵Ĵ꣬ɫүڡ
򴽣⣬С¡
˵Ųµˣȸͺ˯󣬱㿪ʼƫƫ˵ӣõ˶֪
طGߵϣ͹档
Сӿɰˡ
طGϨ򣺡Ъɡ
ڶգطGһȥһ𣿡
δʮ궼
飬Ϊ˶顣
ͽʵ̫ˡ
ԡطGĿڡ
ʲôûʼ
ʽѧ󣬻вϾǶ˾ȥ⣬˾ͻ顣
ÿһ˯߶رá
Ϊ䲻
ڿ˾ͺãҪ͸ҪӦԺĿУ
Ⲣס
ֵǾŹġ
ǵԼжٸʱգ˯ţվűվҲű
ģû˭׵ġ
ͣ
˵ôϸһǸĺӰˡ
طGСԴ
Ƚ˸幬ͼڷƢѾˣǳ̫˵£Ҳġ
͸ϽŲյȥ壺ˣȿڲ衣
С͹һڲ裬
ꡣ˵ţǰȥ˳棬Ҫñ˵ĴͷԼ
Сһһ׵ģЦˣô˵
һ޹
ʲôô˵
˵޳ͼݲˡЩСϢھӡ
ͷⲻ˵һ𣿡
һݡ
ȻͼѾˣʿҲ£ͬϢδġ
۾
룬ⱳͦ˼ġ
ͼɢȥѹ
͹ԹԵĸˮȡ
˳˳̲ס̾һֱͼҲŸ̫һ㻺壬ϺÿЩ
ǲ̫Ҫˡ
Ϳſˣʵ
귨ԿǡӺɰǸ׳
ڴ˵ǺѵõģǶԺ˵ֿ̫ɵãÿճǵ
һţ
ӹԵ͵СԴ˵귨𣿡
û
Ȼȴ˵û
귨ΪΪΪ
ֳļ
ЦˣСԴ˲󻰲١
СԴ⣺ҵĻ귨ôддҲǱ˴
һƨϣȥ
ȰˣȴˣʱҪСԲĹĵġ
ͨһڵϣʱطһСĴչզˣ
û£Ρ̽Ѿʼˡ
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ڿҵѹǳ
ÿῼУΣҪǲᣬҲ˵ʲôֻǻʧ
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ߵĺͶᣬͬʱΣˣҲᱳˣȴʲôᡣ
ССططдĲ⡣
¿κ̱ϣС̫ˮȡ
һתͷͼط鱳ͺĴôôڿ죿
طһ̾Ҫ˵𡣡
ʹడ
͵Ŷһ׻˵ѲƶֻҪúõľС
طʹ࣬ǾͶԲסˡ
ʹͺá
ֻطļ򣺡Ͻɡ
Ȼ˶ǲ܇Nɪġ
¿εʱ͹С̫͹ˣ˵òˣʵĻš
ͣ

û˻
Ƚ͹밲󣬾ʼУΣóĻҲرߣʲôҲرĵꡣ
һһˡ
˵Ĳͱȵʮˡõˡ
ǺЩ˹Сû˵
ֿһԵطһ⣬̫üͷϿεʱ
һ仰طﺬһᡣ
¶㶣ƽϿζһ
ϧĿһۡӣѱȻһ仰˵
ԲԵģʡ
ҡҡͷлл֣Ҳԡ
˵ţŹˣ˵ү٣СȥлҪʡ
ͷ
ȳ͹͸ϽǣŹ֣µүүڳˡ
֮⣬Ź֪ȴū˵ͷ˵ˡ
͵ͷʾ֪
˸幬˽ⱲӶ˱ȡ
ıһЦⲻ̾ȳ𣿡
֣ͺԡ


50 
Ȼͷ
ߵл֮סꡣ
б۾㵹ߵ
ͣ
һ˵, 㲻ص档
ˡͶǶǶ, ¿ξͱ޶ȥʻ
ֱӽūŸţ⣬ڴѾˣһһ, ԵĲֺ
廨ⱻը, ΢΢ƣ, Ž㣬óԵ˿нˮ硣
ˬڸú޲ڡ
귨ĺúóԡԵСӱ, ڿ˯ֺǺǵŴˡ
ʱǾεġ
Ҳ֪Ӻʱ, нĴᡣ
ͷѵаϴ, Ȼӻ, ҲĽ, żµѩ
Ȼӻ΢ʱ, ȷʵҲŵϢ
ը㴻㣡
㴻ѿϴɾ, ϼ, ͹мը, ը̳, ٹһͣϰ֥, ˳žͼá
Ǿȵȣ㣬óԵĲˡ
ÿڴľʱϲ
, ͼȦ˸һ̫һϵʧơ
طA׵Ķӳ֣һʱܼԴԾӣ̫ӣҲ࿴ȫĹ
͵һԹԵĸطiƽۣҲûʲôӦ
ԭгֵ飬ڴʱٵı˴˼ˣٲȵ³ԾƺȲ衣
ոԺ
طGϣ񱳣˹ĲŽϸܵĺڼϻۣгһƬˮۣʡ
˻
ԣСݵĿԼ꣬ԺҪһ
طGƳһۡ
Ŭ
֣Ǹ˵һʱ˷ܵĲˡ
һµ˫ǣֺǺǵ𣿡
طGûʩʩȻԡȥ
ȿԡŵʱš
ͻ˽ϻ§ŶȣСû
˵Ժһ
СԴţǵĺԺҪͼ³
ͼ³Ȼɵġ
ΪСģ
ǲ⻰
̵СľȥˣһдʣҪץ𡣡
طGѣʰãʩʩȻȥ
ڸʹ󰢸綼аʱѾϴӻ¡׷ƯӻƯľһΡ
طGɫȾϼ͡
Сϣڼ仨ֺǺǵǲǿʻ
ñո󰢸磬Ȼʻڵϼ񻨶䣬ЩסԽСŮȥ԰ժԡ
ժһ翪õ廨Ͳɵòˣõ廨϶óԵİɡ
ѾȲˡ
СԴЦϲͺá
ǾޱģͰСԴʡ
ϳ˭֣治̫ǵãȰ˸ãͰʣ˵ǿС
ׯϾУϲǾޱÿÿõֲʶÿ궼ࡣ
ϾЦŻأ˵Ҫϲ;ʹպ⿪һȻô˵ЩۣϾİĶ͸ͣҲá
˵꣬յĹϰ˸ϵС̫ųˣֱ͹һֺǺǵ󰢸档
ͿǻʱסвһӰˣô࣬á
ȥ豸žͿʼ¶
ϽŽɣУ
͵ͷвУ˵ûǴȷʵǴˣǵû˵
¯ӼϣеĶţС֣ʼϻ˵Ҫǵʱ͡¶͸ӣ϶׬
ϳһ¾л¶Գ֣ȷʵ˷ܵĽ
áˡ
Ҳڴ
˶ſطGʱ򣬾ͼŶڴ˴ŵĲˡ
طG

üʣŻԺһȦӰūҹͼơ
δǮͷ¸ˡ
طG
Ŀ졣
Ȼ
㿴ɶһϲĿŲƿ
۳һһεˮ顣
¶ˮ顣
ܸо¶ˡ
˷ܵĲˡ
طG
ǿľͺá
ȻĳˣôһǾޱ汻˹ĵǾޱ¶ͻȶõģʲô
͸㣬ˮȻĨʹɡ̵ģƯһСƿ
ĻϲŲƿطGŪġ

ŪŪ¶ǽ˾̾ѡ
̡
ϡˡ
طGԺߣüЩͷۣ˵ı֣ǲׯء
û˵ʲô
Ӹ˾ͳɡ
СƿͷĻ¶˵ĸʲôһǺŪ͸ģȻ岻һ㡣
طG˵ӣɫͷϲׯǾޱ껹
궨Ȼˡ
̧Ŵ¶ǳЦ⣬ɫͣáԼүԸ˵Ȼˡ
˭֪
Դ˵ҪıոͿ챻ûˣǰ˸ͣű֪طͣطط_ͣرط_ǷҪѹȥһ
ıոÿ춼ղĻ¯ӿ¶տʼͻ²Ķţÿһۡ
ġ
˵ҪˣѾܹҪõˣˡ
ǻ¶һȦĶˡ
ط_͡
࣬ţط_ѹŻִֽɡ͡
͡ԶԶĺ
뵵ʪؼ䶼һ㱡Щ£˷ܵıQ
û봺գ˴꣬Ų綬շ㡣
ط_̧򢡣
ˣͺͺãıոѰͣĸ¡
Ը
ҲЩΣ̧С¶ˡ
Ҫô໨Ҫ¶ɡ
ط_ߣһ̫ˣɣҪȻ˷ѡ
ôõĻ֪ǹҪģһ㶼ҵǸĺö˵Ҫˣûطʰ
Ҫ
Ͷˡ
ʼţһҵҵĿʼ¶͵һ飬ۻһѡ
ʮ壬㵽˶ٻͶˡ
㻨Ǯˡ䣬Ҫʮ͵Ķ࣬úͿ˭á
͸ܵʮİЩԶԣĥţԺ׿ˡ
Ĺʮ㻨Ǯ£û뵽ġ
û£ʶҪҪپж٣˿š
طGɫЩǰҲҪԶ˵ĹϵһʼͰð˭˭
ЩӣװСϻȥˣžТģչ򣬾͸գƼʮıϻӣץˡ
طG죬ʲôû˵ȴ͸ˣӴϨҪͺõġ
Щ⣬ʵǿ
лЩ㱡
ط_ü΢ɵ緢ޱ
Щġ
С̫ѻȥãʩʩȻȥ
ط_طGȻüۣ˸ˣ˼ľܣҺ룬˵ǵԺ󳾰䶨ûȺʱˡ
𡣡طGӦһƬ̣üۣվģվǺ¡
ǴģҲǳӵġ
ʶλڵĵĴ⣬Ӧ÷λ
һԷͷ귨ãǿ׳ݵ졣
˶һۣԼͬתƻ⡣
ǽжЩǲ˵Ϊá
ֵĺ߲ݡСҶӹ˷ܵĲˡ
ط_û߲ݣݣƬ̣ȷǺ߲ݣǲݣ
ͣ
˵ʲô
һãȻİСԴܾòˣط_⻰ֱΡ
ҶӣͷܶࡣǸũ򽻵˲١
ɵۣš
СüͷʣһҶԲԲģҸ޶ˡ
Ϊǲݣ޶رϡ
⡣
ˡ
û֡
ӱ˺ЩǷһֲɹҪڶε
ھãˡ
ط_СԴʾοû£ûˣСү㡣
طĢ̧򢡣
طGôתƲһ²һ£ȵЩ
⻰ط_ҪʲôȵҪӳⷽ١ææµµҲ֪ͼʲô
ܡ
ü
طGҲͲ˵ˣݣȴһͦΣ
ط_̤УҴȥ
ͿʮıӰȵڣֵͳľߡҪô˵磬Ȼǻλѡ
Լ꣬ͼü滺ı£֪ӿʷܱɽ棬Ҳɧ
ڼ֤ʷʱ򣬾ú˼
طG񻵻ģһƺȥ˵ģ
ͣ
˵ʹ˲¡
СͣطGȱȻߺסطG쳣׿˲ֺõЦ
һԺ޿š
ܡǻܣҲ˵ܡ
طG齱ϣקסϸСȣ£᣿
ϵͷ
ȷʵǡ
ָһУ̫ҽ˵ڵӦ
˺Ρ
ʵҲ֪˸ܣµĲɣͷ˼
ͷʱľˡ
֪жĴݲУֻǿŹϸĴĿЩ
̾
΢͹СͻȻŸϽźá
ҲڱϣԼСָȣһʣô
֡
ųЩ衣ȲϽ
طG
ү˵ʱɲô˵ġ
һֶ˱ˮݸ̫ҽô˵˵ɵҲЩΡ
м¾ˣˡ⼸²ѹ
ȰԼҲڰطGͣ˵Ͳˣֲ˵ոҪӵģ˾ͻ
û£Ъһͺã̱ġ
ڵ鷳Զˡ
˵һɫڵȥ¡
ˡ
Ϊ˷ܣŮ
طG뿪Ӱ̧ߣ;ſС첲ǰһ䱸ѹ˵ģ
طGãȻʲôʱˣ֪
Ҫȥ鷿
ԭǿˡ
ѾˣҪúõĺѹˣкܶܶ檣ֻ㡣
˵ֻһ˾ûˡ
˵ͷͷǵ
طGɵЦˣüС̫೤ߡ
ͣ
Сһ֣ʣ𣿡
طGһĵͷ
ԡ
˵ն
͵ʱסˣСҪߡ
ŲҪߡ
ûг߹
ߴ̣ʱʲô˵ˣ˽ĻС᳤̫𣿡
ϿطGȥıӰЩɻӦԡ
˵
ͣQAQ
ֱᱼ
ԺҲˡ
Ҫ߸ߣܸߺܸߺܸߣȰ껹ߡ
ٽ幬ʱЩţطG͵͵ʿ˭֪Ҳͷ
ͣQAQ
ᱼ
ڿˣ˵ҳߣҲţ룬Ҳô˵귨صˣ˵ǶȻˡ
˽ȥɵΣżһûµġ
ŷСȰȵ˵ˡ
Գִ
˵Գִ
ҾҪ
СԴ볤߾ͶදԵ㡣
͵ĸӲͣͬв˵ٮٮߵĴڣҲǷǳˡ
Сལر
Щ֡
˵ţҰС죺ѡ

뷨ʵЩ
û
⼾ѣûСֱӵ
֪ǲˡһ̾
Ƴһۡ
иӡ͵

ʲô˲伤
;Це˵ڲѾˣůˣⶬյ߲ˣ׾١
ѩʱ¶Ȼǲߡ˲񶨡
Լ£̵ˮɡֻɱȽϸߡ
˼
أʡ
һ̯֪ũԡ
֪ȻǸ̫С뷨
ر𲻳졣
˵Ż˵̫
һ߽;סˣӴͷһμ̫ӣӶ˷в֪ʱ裬žм˼
ǰüչȻͬ
ؿš
ͰΪ£
̫˵ǣһԵĺͣʱЩѿ죬ԥβѹ󺹰Ϊͼ̫ҽʵЩá
ӴϢǽٳˡ
Ŀü˻ϵ
طi˲סĲ֪˵ʲôˡ
ûǡ
֪ô͡
ҲŽ˰Ϣˡ
ȻſüۣͷһӶˣҲǿ۳
˵һ䣬ҲҪ¼ɱŭ
طiЩίȴͣĿʵǲ뺮ϳģʶһ
ϳģ˵޻ӹϿ̫ƣ
ʣָ׺ۡ
ͿŲɵͷȻճҲ벻
طiŬĳżڿ£˿ˡ
ͼѾأֻܾ̫һˣǷβܣǺϳġ
겻ѡ
Ǵ˵еİҲ裬Ҳ衣
Ժء


51 
طiڿϴʾܾ, ĿѣĻ䡣ûŰͼپȳֻ, װô, ð̳, ԵĲ˵ϣͼꡣ
⻰Կ˵Ҳ൱ĸΡԭһ˲Եʱ˵ʲôǲԵġ
Ŀ̫ӡ
طiһһߣüۼ޾ı˺, ͷգɵܼˡ
ȲͼҲȲԼ
طiѡ
ſɫ, Ĭĸ, û˵
һʱЩĬ
, ͷ࣬ͼǷŻǲţ
ͰСԴ貵Ĺâǳ𡣡
ֻһ仰, ˲ס
ˡ˵
طiȻΪѣҪ
ȻҲΪѡ
;Ͳ˵ˡ
ͼȥѲһ֮ԣǲɱѶڿڡ
һʱЩƣطi뷨, Ǹ񣬾ºۼ
Ϳţǲ˵
§ڻߣʱŴɰ
طGӣͼ˵ˣܿˣЩ
ͽõ
ⷲգûмѧɵġ
˻;ۡ
͡
ĿŰ꣬ˣ𡣡
һԵĿ̧ƳƳ
˼ȷˣʾһµ˼
طGӹһūŵĳںͲŵУüˣӳͬһѩ׵磬ؼתŲ
˧
£ɫ硫
̿ɾƨ˷ֱܵðʵ̫ˡ
갢Ұ㡫
˫ִ״ڴǣطGߺ

ɫģһüָطGӷˡ
ź͵ĺ󲱾üޡ
ʹסŴϦڿϣҪ湻ûģȻ˸ɿ䡣
귨ĿһĺƽϢһ̾˲ű
СԼС֣Ĵָǰˣ󲻼ߡ֮ƣʥ
۾
ͦƨСһһ׵ġ
΢΢һЦ㻹ſ䡣
ʹס
ҲᰡĽС
һԵطG߳һƯĵȻ˫ֽסյʩʩȻ߹
˵ʲôأǼðϸ𪿡շЩɫ
ͰСԴĿŰ꣬С͸״żӢƥ䣬귨˵ÿȻҿˣ귨˵Сһһ׵ģÿն䡣
Ҳֲ꣬ʮ꣬ϼ޻
ϼ޻طG
ϼ޻
һ仰˶̣ӳ˵š
Ͱţģ̶ǶǶ
طG

ջطGûסֱӱ˵ҪؼңȻ߳ţͼūСƳͷſж̣ʳ߹
Цһš
طGû˼ֱܾźͻ˵ǶҲԡ
귨ˣһ򡣡
ܻ֡
ϵС
죬ĺ念귨£ȵʱͳˣȫרׯӣʲô͸ʲô
ĴԲͷ֥
Ͳſϲ
Ȼϲ̺ߵ
úúáЦĺϲ£졣
һ㶼ûеİͰԵ
ܳԿڿ𣿡ʡ
ϵͷģɾԡ
Ͳûпɾԣһݸ귨һʸ꣬귨Ͱȳԡ
ָԼУźķǳ
ԶϾƣүͿʼȾƣһһȵķǳ
ȾƹѲ溨֮ʱ䲻ʣ̫ӽŹͼΣ
طGһݣȴɫתеİƱǳǳһڣſԭö๣ȻˣȻ֪޲޲ͼϵβ󲻵ſֻ̫Ӷ磬ǼֵǣҲһУ֣Ȼôá
ɶ̫Ӷ˵ͼӳұۣĶ࣬£ʧ֮ʹҲġ
˵һһͷǰգһͷǸ顣
˷ˡ
طG˵꣬˲ˣſɫ괺ﶦʢӻء
ͷԼʱСͣսҴֻжġ
봩
ƯġĴ
綼˵Ǵ죬ӻҲˣżаһֱûء
ʱЦˣ͵СԴ˵޶֪
ȫֻ֪ںͼնݲ۵
طGһȻ֪
ֿʼԲˡ
Ļٲ˵ˡ
һЦ⹬ĺӣĸع㣬޲ó˰ٸӡ
ʲô˵ʲôáп
ʱĻȳˣĸƤ꣬Ļһ㡣
طĢֵ׳꣬ϴųĻȣһ˫üۣºЦţȴɲ⣬˫Ĳ񻰡
ȹһ־ƣɫѾ͸ˡ
طG͸ű죬߳ˮƽɽһˣڵ͸忡
ʹյǰ˵Ļߡ
ҡͷԵʫһͷᣬʤĽߡ
ԼҡͷǴˡ
һҭһƨϣСС֪֪㰢ûǵ˵Ļ
ͣ
Һ¡
ֱҪˡ
˵꽿ߣ궨Ȼİȡ
Ͳȷ롣
ȻطGͼ΢΢һЦ
ЦЦҺ¡
ЦʱЦЦҪˡ
ɵЦ
ţطGʵĴźҪߣ˵ūͣ˵ãͷںš
һ·ƽ߹ˣ
ȳ˸幬ûūŵĵططG˲ֱӣѣźͣô£
͹˹ĴƣССĸ˵Űɡ
ǧҪСʹߡ
طGСԴ˲κߡ
ȽطGգգۣ˲
൹ˣ˱ˡطGüġ
ſﲻ˵
طGͷһ˯ˣɵȻʧЦ
˵ףǸû̡
ֻڿǰԵмϳɡ
˯񾲣Сཱུģż΢Цġ
طGɵô
СűĿ
ȻرոſϤӰţǵƣطGüͣźϲС
Ĳȥ˯
ȵĴƣ˯үʱ
߻Ժ·ϣӤЦ̧̧ţǵƣͼС綺ŪˣЦǰ밲к
ϺһͣرƯһ֬װСͷžµ޻üۼ仹񾲡
貣СҲɿɰİװ֡
ʱһûϵү˯ţѰˡ
þգСǸĹת͸ˣûж࿴طGһۡ
طĢžߡ
С糤ôˣ;˵
ͦŶӣߵĺ
һֱעʳֵ̫죬ʱۼͺ˽ԭƲҵģеĸƤһеľһƤһҪж
ҲմһҾ͸ϽϴŮʱͻȻҪЩб֪
طGҲź;͵
˲С
Сϵٻͷһۣ͸˲һܡ
ס
үͻȻϲϸˡ
ֱ޴˵ȥ
ò壬ΪźүˣүԺˡ
üͷ˼⡣
ʧ裬ͨ䣬еĴУǻɣǷ˴֪θ
ѲΪӳε£˶ģ˵ǺӲûҲִι
ԽԽ̿֡
ϺطGңѺͷڴϣ˶һۣû˵

طGбϣβдű죬ȴĽү¡
ϺͷһŴǰ¡
һһĽ⿪̿ڣͼ𪣬ʵš
ѵ·ֻ㡣
˻طG˻
۾ͼ˫۳ͷ࣬


һתͷ㿪ȴס򢣬ǿһڡ
ޣζüһЦ
ĶʲôطG㡣
ϺЦΪΪ⣬ɣֱȥ
үͦ𡣡
طG
ľƶˡ
˫һѹ£СĻǸʾס׻ȥԡ
ڶպ˯ѣͼϴ룬ȻҹԼ˯ģɵЩɻ
Ͷأʡ
ǰѹλӡ
˵ǣͺɵĿһۣŹԹϴǰš
зưУͼʩʩȻ߽꿴鲻ڣСһá
ˣʡ
طG˹ҡҡͷ
ͿԼҲҡͷں͸ǰѹʣ˲㻰ô죿
ͣ
Լ꣬ٿѹСС˩ס
ɲ밢ˡ
˼
ţطG˵˳ȥ档ھǴСģʵûʲôģϾʵǴСģҲЩû˼
ȴ棬ʲô˼
ȥǸ档ô໨ʵ̫Ưˡ
طGϲܳײ͹˲סͣһԵΧţȥ
ʵĻ䣬Ҳо
źһͨȻһڶޱߣЦģǰһţ覡
طG졣
øǰĻܶƻƵģڰرԵ
ѹżүףоǶЩۡ
⻰Ϊ˵Ҳ
ֻ
Ÿ۽üҵĵ⣬طGơ
һֻСͱͱ
طG
ͷ
ͼһСǮ
طGǮԼԼģ͡
һ˲䣬Ͳôˡ
ͼͰѻϸǰЦһģĻ͸Ư󷽵Ķ
һɤӣ˶
˽ԭί󣬾һĿ䣺ãȻ˵Т˳
طG
үǮĻү˸ľͷ
˸ס
һƺں͵Сƨɵϣ뿪
ϵǺܸˣŴЦţϲرϲ
ЦЦţȦͺˡ
ͣáЩˣþȫҪס½ǣҲ޵ģһ紵ܰɢˡ
̤̤ͣʵʵӵеġ
ͷһ֪ȫȫⱻʲôоָоİˣϲĲˡ
ǣ֣ԺҳˣһƬʲôʲôˣͺá
һطGѹССҰһѿС̫ź
˵С̫࣬û˵
Ͻܲˡ
Ȼ
ž
ƨϵر졣
ͣ

طGƳһ߷ŷţȻ
ôӵ
޹ĿСֺõЦ
ȴһЦ
ﶺЦķϣүͲƽˡطG˵š
͹ԹԵͷ
ڽϣһʱҲûĿģոʲôȱǰýƶˣƷԶԶơ
ټϹͷʲôöк͵ġ
һ㶼ǿ͵ģˣ١ѹҲ
ƽˣͲȱ
˹Ҳʧ˺ܶȤ
طGСڹͷˡ
۶ɷӣԹ಻ԡ
˾еš
˼̻Ҳá
ŲԶСк˼ܵġ
ģǵˡ
ֺģĸоüͷΪèתйĿһ
ȥСкһѸٵʧڼǰ
üڸǣΪԼ̫СʧһСкʲô
طGźĳ㣬תתϵķ飬ʩʩȻǰߡ
£ЩţȥˣطG˵סôô档
ԶԶԡͲסͷ
Ÿճȥ
ðɡ߬ź͵ֲʲô
Сʵ̫Σˡ
طGԴ˽˲¥ڳϷ̨ϵϷѽѽĳ֦
ü
ϷʱҲȥжϷͷ
Ĺ
Ҳ
жһأһء
˸ġ
ߡ
طGЩĿһۣ˼ֱӴϳˡڽϣ־ģׯȥ
߳ӹ¥ͼǰһǰߡ
˳Խʱ򣬺͵Բ۾

طG
ʲôֳƺ
ͣԴɵĳ
طGһ𣬸ϽгͣԷҲͣ£ÿӿһۣȥģ
ׯϣũ֡
طGһһʮĻء
һӣ·͹
طG
̡
̽飺Ҫʮߴϡ
̡
Ĭʾء
˿ƽƽȴݻޱȣźһ㻢Ƥ
ϻŸɫĲˮҲرãܲ
̵ĳŵģһЩɣͲʣ𣿡
ʱҪһ̣϶ˡ
밵ͷʳУܷĲУð̵̡
Ͻȣˡ˵
ӵʱˣֶֶֺȵ
ԺúȺãʱֻյǰʣ첻æ
ͷ
طiҲܣʵƣĽųһ£ĳˣȴֲ֪ʲô
ҪҪȥıոҺͣ·Ͼˡ
ׯССССɰǣĽš
Щ뿵ԶŲɵЦˣ͵СԴСɰʲô
;ĻأһֻСè
ɿɰˡ
ͷ
µµнܿ͵ׯӣͿеĻׯͬ԰֡
ũﶼ滮ĺܺãƯʣ˸ѰĻĵװ磬ûʲôʼζȷʵȽũҡ
ߣͼ˺˵ССССè
ܾûˡ
ͦ˼
꣬طGǰߣ·һƬ·ͨĵʱüʣǸ͵ģ
طGͷ
ϲ֣͸ˡ
㻹ͦš˵һ䡣
ͼʯϱıϹŴЦݣĲˡ
ǡ׸׵С󡣡Ц
ֺǺǵЦǴèͰӡ
úúá
˷ܵӦһ
߹֣һƬ԰ϵĵطǿż䡣
һҲˡס
ڿͼ͸ֻСһϵͰһŬ־һ˸ױһݸϣֺǺǵ
ŷ֣ϻﱧһ
Ǻ⣿ʡ
ҲǺڳĽ
õ͸ŮˡͲ
ȻζĿ̣ǰ˵ˣ˻ɻǵã
͵ͷԣˡ
Ӧĺʹ졣

˵Ůˣʧˡ
Сһﻹͦˮ©
һһֱ𣿡дʡ
طGһѣʾҪⰤᡣ
һ޹Ŀת͸״귨ӣ
˼Ȼ޶ӣҲӡ
ͣ
ֱ˵ҵˣο໹һȦ
ɵùЦ
һյأǸͤӣտź̹飬ǸΧԴһ
طá䡣
С°һ̣ͻ귨ˡ
üⶺ㰢ģģ
ʲôҵİģǻ귨ģˣƴǣһСС󡣡
ֺõЦЦ
סС˳ЦʲôС󣿡
ˣܺõˣᣬСɽһ
һ档
Щᣬھűʵû˼è̾ڴȻϲеζ
ƽĽȣҲۼˣȲӦȴ̲סһׯӲ
תͷطGкׯû귨š
طG
ôӵʡ
ϱ߻һ˵
ҡͷ
˵
ٿ۾Ŀ֣ҪҪշżٺѹׯϾᡣ
˻ͷطG
У귨ģóûطG˵
˺ϻ۸ͣϱʾûۿ겻̣Ŀơ
ü
СίͳһţʱЦˣˣˣһ밲ɣ
ɣʹӦˡ
ʱһֻС͹
ƴǣԲԣǰճԹԼЩ
ӣǳ
ġ
ÿ컹Ҫϴ裬ϴİװģźĺǸɾ

ƽͷһλ⣬Ȼںꪳɳ
ãԡ
СƤĺܣһҲˣСίˡ
е񡣡طG
ͣ
ⲻܡ
Ӣ䣬ôС
Сܿɰװ׵ľë۾ë˳ɰ
еǧ񰡡ͱ˵пڣ˵˼Ů²Ҫᡣ
ϸе
˵㵱
ͣ
С°Щ۾յСˡ
èô̳ɻ顣
ʱЦ
Ǳ͸ЦܶΡ
ǸСĹ
طGĸ裬۲Զ뾩ǣУǶϲڡ
ͿһۣŶڸԼµһ˵ˡ
û˵
Ҳû˵һ̷ţˮ裬һʱ䵹Ҳá
ĸˣʡ
ĸ˰ɡϻء
ʱ£ãٸ㲦ҽźš¶䡣
϶ʱˣлܸҽȻǺõģ˶Ķ䡣
طGҲˣŮ˲ǹŹһ⣬ҽڣҲġ
еĳŲ裬һ˵ŻطGԭ˵˵ϵ£ͻȻ˵˵˵糿¶飬Ļ֮ࡣ
ô
Щ黰ˣдһһ׵Сʡ
ڲ¿ϲһ֡
ͺѡʵģ˵£˵⡣
˵ʱ򵥵Ŀ֣ʵ롣
ңͳ˵޹ء
طGü۵ʹݰ׵ϲһɫķ飬һʮӡ
ŲյüƣͳдԵ
棬ɫ΢΢Щ⶯磬ǳ˺ڴ
طG˵գȻֹ
ҲôߣŲյȲ裬ٻζһطGĳ
Ȼ˼ˡ
ЩʱյĽͷöõ˺ܺõĻ⡣
ʵĸ裬Ĭʮ㡣
СıĳСԴڿɵЦͷһκͽʱҲǰСԴˡ
СĽëܳ͵ĽëҲܳ
ֻС̻е
˵˵٣طG˵Ķ࣬ƽĬԵˣڻʵ۸ǰΪ˲䳡Ҳòůųӡ
Ȼ
ļ䣬ͻȻƼԶһ⣬ǹâת˲ɫ䣬ӦֻôܳȻһײǴʵļʸײƫЩ
ǹ켣ĺģһضû
ȻͻһˤΧܳΧȥ
ͣͣϹڵϣһŵĺ
طGɫ䣬Ͻ嵶䱸ܡ


52 
, ˻һۡ
λǰۡ
ⱲӶˡ
϶ʱ˿, ʸȻײƫҲѾû, һ˲䣬õĺ͵
طGˡ
ͿĬİм䱸Χ, ˸, ͣӿ
ͻ˻ûôˣָŷŴ̿͵ķ, üͷģԼʮס
һʾϸϽ鿴û, ÿѣͼ첲һƬ, ƤҲ, ˿˿Ѫ
ϵ˲͵ԸԼ, ҲԸк
طGŭǳôһӣǴһֻɾ޶ëԭŵëܾš
˯Ժɼòװˣֳ⵵¡
ĮܿѺһò, һ˫ؿżˡ
ޣʵۣô

һԵ̧̧֣ʱж˴̿͵򢣬ȥˡ
üʾȥΧѲһȦǱȽϺµġ
һУɲˡ
ͷͬ⣬ѲȦѹ޳һʱѰ˲֪
˵طG
Ҳʱ˵Ҫġ
˶һۣЩãȻúһųɡ
ʱǰϽĨϺ컨ͣǺǵζؼˣСӣ̫˰ȡ
طGƳһۣʲôû˵ȴǰ²Ŷ
͹ԹԵ¶Ц̲¡
Ͳ¡
èΣֻ˷ܡ
һ̧ƨɵϣȴЩ᲻ãֻε´οɲôΣյ¡
ˡ
ůůĺ̹
ôС̣Ȼ־οˡ
ĺߣȻ귨ôࡣ
˵ʱ򣬸
ʸת˲ײ
ؿڣᣬ嵶ִ
ü㻹ᵶ
ɬһЦ˷ʱѧ
СʱǵкģֵǻصҲᡣ
ͲɵЦˡ
ˡСԴԺ
طGһ
ƽ￴ŽʵǿıոʰĺҲܷġ
һʱĬûˣ
͸첲ۣյڿؼҡ
ͷˡ
ͷ
һȺָϽظȥԱʱãȥأ£ҪѪϴһ
ȻظϣϴźͽңϽϵѣ첲ϵϣરવᡣ
û¡ţкӿĿ
ҡͷ
̶̼¹ʵڹļѣڽϱ°ߣڽ̩°ߣһүǰ
붼ۡ
ʮ»̥ڴµĺӡ
޲
ȴѣ޵˺ǣȴûκΰ취
͵ûʲôӦ˫ģ˷ܵĲˡ
սʤ˵ĸоǿ񵱳ΪʱѾˡڵ̿ԶԿ硣
𣿡طGʡ
ü񵭣ȴŭˡʱǳУ׵ìܾͼׯϣ˲롣
ڸطGȴҪȥֵ
ԭ˵ľǴڼһ£˸첲Ĳܳˡ
£ط_ˡ
ǽͷͷǷ׷ӻ̬ߵġ
Ļû˵
߳ϴк͵СԴʣ𣿡
͹ԹԵͷۡ
ȷʵͦ۵ģʸرӲײȥġ
Եۡ
ط_ռǰˮȣһ԰ں͸ǰ԰ɣԱ˾Ͳ
ֵ·ѹʱ򣬺úõĳԶͲѹ
ʮ忴ңͲˡЦ
˵ţū˵ǹãϸ˵ͼĳ
ź;һףûµŶ
ʱĻʹôҲøӲǡ
ҧۡ
ıӻӵžž졣
ط_
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͹ԹԵǣסִ޵֣Уˣźӡ
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ðպְܿգ۾һ⡣
Ϻһס
ϣԷͷȷʵǵѹŭر˷ܡ
ϣ
ڵСô
ҪٵᣬǲЩòˣһʱ䣬ͻȻ֪Ǻˡ
⡣Ƭ̣ǽﲻʹģȥѰ
ͷ
ط_ӣھҪҪߣͷС̫ഫ˵ʮط
ͷһζطĸо
Ȼطӣ߽ɩͰɩڣһ£
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Ҳٶ룬תū̧ϲˮģһһ߿ź͡
ʮɻ˰ɡ˼ǰûˣ⺢ҪТһ㡣
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ûˣȻΪĿټСʮĶڶˣ͵ȹɻ飬ûС
ԭطGĹϵãطG·ҲԣȻطGͶ֮ƽƽȻŲϺš
˵⣬
˱յĶȻȥº١ѹһģݲԣڹ˵ϻ
˶һۣЩΪһԵط_ܰæľȻֻˡ
ط_
ɷķżɻʲô
껹Сء
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ϲ´λ򡣡طڵ
˻Ƭ̣Ͼͺ͹һȥˣкͺһ档
طط_ԺУط_ط飬ǹӲ˾ִˡ
զˣбʡ
طӣ˵ˤˣˡ
ط_Ĵӱһ
ͰһЩεʮ档
ʡǰȰȡ
ط_ķǣ˭ⶫ
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ط鲻ɵЦһϲһ
ϡط_졣
ţ˵طGˡ
һ;еСӣѪζ
طGһ
ϴŻȴǱˡ
ţ˸ѡȥʱ򴩵ǼѾѪ͸ˣԡ²Ժ
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ط_סյǰţûŶ
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طG͵СԴ˲󣬱ͦ顣
顣
Сӣζ컨Ͳˡ
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ҲЩҡ
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طGԭȥ뻹ǵһȺǰɵʿ˵ǽӵ̫ӵȥׯ͵ϮɱʵۣԷһ·ṩ·
Ǹѵ㱻ˣСආ͵ظɱ߲㶼ѹΡϾǴɱʵۣ˵ΪƽأҲ塣Ҳ֪˭ӣֳӣǲˡĲѾȥʣ´ȥæˡ
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;Ƭ̣Ҫϴϴ֣
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궷Ե˵㡣
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СԴʣ첲𣿡
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ˡ
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ͷ
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ط_Ҳˣֶӣˣ͸ˡ
ֻطAɬѡ̸ѡ˵˺üȲϣҲʹ졣
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ȻźʵںãǸܹԵֱ̣ϣֺѶԺʲôС
﷭ڣطi
ع칬ūžֻһ֣ȫЩİףúۡɿź;üۣ֪϶ܿ֡
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ʱƫġ
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Ц
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ϲ
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͵ĸУϾ׼Ҳȥˡ
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طK
ⰲ׼ˡ
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ˡ
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װںɰݸˣʾ͵ȥطG

طGæ£Աڻػ˵ոţ
һ㲻ѰҲǴЩ޹ؽҪĻ
˴ţ˲Բ۾
գеĻ㣬Щ޴롣
طGüģвʶ֣
⻹
˳ЦЦ
俴ĺ㴫飬Цſ̫
طGپ죬֣ӹ㣬һ֪Ϊ̬
շů
طGڵ̿ۻ˻Ρ
ȡ
Щˡ
ɰһ̧̲סԭأͼñɽıү
Ǻɡ
ٿ
طGŴ÷ŽɰС
ɫ糣


53 
˻, ;һڴĿСʣô˵
ӺףЦһ, ֺǺǵүˣūŲҶ࿴, Ҳ˵׼
ںβŶ, 
廨ԶЩ, еЩסʹչЩס˿
⣿һ˫ȫ
ϵͷͣ˵ǶʱѧЩ, , ˡ
Ŷ̫ˡ۵Ŀǣ½ǻ˻ΣֺǺǵ͸˭
գգ۾, ʾζرŨ
Ϲװӣ˹ȻǸ㰢ꡣ
үǣҪţҪкöѹųɡŵ֮ǰϽЩ, õʱҪò
ūĹȻԣȻ˵ײ⡣
;Сͣߺ
иôš
ˡ
ԥƬ, Ƿеߣ棬һЦΣˣҪ㡣
Ͳ꣡
ǸɰС̣ȻҪˡ
ϲҡͷʧЦǣס֣һԺ̵ţ졣
Ҳ֪ǵܻܵã΢͹СʡʱװǸɵֱͲ߸ºܴˣ
֪Ҳ֪
ʱ֪ˣһϣǸĵСްˣһ־źá
ⶼǶ뷨ʲôʲôɡ
ԼϲܻܵãҲ˵ãε̯֡
˳Ȼ
ʱҲûbʲôĿԲŮǰ֪һ¡
ͲɵЦˣǣϵֻ˻ΣֺǺǵȥױ磬ѩɫĴȻȥӭӰ
ϣ
С
Ͳٽһ¸ĸˡ
Щߣȥ;ֺǺǵңССȥһٸɰ۵ĳǰһΡ
˵Ұǵʱĳǰǻӡġ
ϱױǰ£ЩߣǺѾʼױСŮ֣ʾź
ʣȻ֬ɨβߴһ㣬ͷ°Ҳɨ֬
΢ʲôױЧ
Сһ򶨣֪
˵ŶһЩˡ
УС۰Ө֬ɨкϵĶ˷֮Եóüӯӯ
ʺϽĳ
ԸʱСŮ룬ʲôӣȻȻãɵþ̾ǲһˡ
ʹ󰢸ر
еԼɵЩƲۡ
̧׽Ƿ顣
ʵ̫ÿ˰ȡ
벻Լһ档
һЦС̾Ҷÿ
˵ˣǳЦŵ˵ˡ
˵ţͷū˵ǱүˡѾߵŴˡ
ͳգգ۾ʾϽӭȥ
𰡡Щߡ
ŶС֣һȥٳţְСԴ˿
ɻĿȴǶؿ
С֣̺Ŀ֬΢Щͷ
ϣСС·ôࡣ
Ͳˡ
Ȼ֪ʲô
һԺţԶԶľƼطGǾ⣬ǰ밲ʱ򣬾ͶĿ
Сκ죬ЩĴʱԵıѹذɡ
ͿŰеľ֮ɫɵͷ϶һۣСرNɪ
Ȼ·ϣҽˣ˵òҪȥ
طGĿ
һ̵·
ߵ·ϻ룬ССͣʵΪҸ̫̫̫ࡣ
ճţͼط_̤߹üôԼ
ƽﶼ
һĿζ˵㲻
ط_ԼĴƣŻٺ˵㡣
̣ôˡ
˳鷿ȥߵ֣ϧӣԼĵطȥһϲ̵ˡ
ⴺǶĲˣôԾôԡ
ط_ɵĿôôԡ
ϱǸè̡Ͳһ˵
ط_ţò֤ݡ
˵ţͷͨ˵ʮطҲˣ˵Ҫȥ档
һ̾˷
ʵĲܹ࣬ĸ١
Ǽһţ׵Ķ飬ط_Ŀһۣʣ˭ҹɻ飿
̧δǰ߹ϲϵջζ紵¶ԼԼӰ
ط_һʲô壬ȴԾЩܡ
˭ҵģʡ
ҡͷⲻǳİˣ֪˭ҵġ
ŻΣþòܻ
üģɻˣʮŶꡣ
طҲ
ĽҪе뷨ҲǺ¡
ط_ļ磬ζǰĴŮ
طô˵ط_ˡ
죬СССүˡȷʵû˼ҪȻô˵
⻨һۣСյϧûɻӡ
ط飺
Ⱥεʱû㡣
Ͳϵ⣬֪
ʲô֪
죬ϲֵͳط_ſСֱۣʾ
Ŀһü
ʲôʶɡ
ط_񣬾ؿƵСүôޡ
ζ齥Զˡ
ŵţƽȵˣʱüͷ
طҲ쳣
ط_ӣȷʵʶ
ͰСԴѾĲУܳǰǼҺ𣿡
źܺóԵӡ
Զŵζ
пƽسֵС
Ͷԡ
ط_һʱʲôˣתȥԡ
ζڣɫһ˲
һĽεӰͷһ֪ˣֺ̫֪
ط_죬ͻȻץʣǲǸҵĹɻ飿
Ҫȴžµ޳Уʱ˵ֻ˳ɻ飬С֪
طüëĸ߸ߵģط_ʧǵӣ¡
ˣȥ鷽˭ɻ顣
û뵽棬йϿԳԡ
Ӧȥˣܿ𰸺ط_µһȷʵǸҵĹ˵Ǽ޸һףνʮױ̧Σ
ط_ڵɫ˵
ط_˲˻һĵȥ˳ĵطͼǰһһš
ξ
֣ӳ
ط_֣ȥĿ
ǣط֣ССʣ⡭ʧˣ
û̸ʧر¡
طһĵͷͷССʣʧʲô
ղɾͷ
ҲǺܶ
ĿЩˡ
طƶǶĵͷҪô˵ȷʵô˼
ط_˴˵ʱ򣬺ͶסǴ˵еУ
ط_ˡ
طԸūŸЩЩǣԸһͻعȥ
Ѿſڣȥ밲
ȵ幬ʱ򣬾ڵڴһʱЩԥǽȥǹ·
ŹѾˣֻøһȥ
ͼطiڵУͷûж˵ʲôǿŭǳɢĲյӵȣһضǡ
밲ɫŵɫҲŻࡣ
еطiƼ꣬߬ȭͷڵϣԾɲϴ
Լˡ
֪ڸĵӣɵѪӿͷ˿ѹ㵱ҪС̫ࣿ
ͼ£ԵūҲŻһ뻻ˡ
ȻС̫һ𣬱ͱ˼ڸģŲҪС̫ࡣ
һΣ޶顣

طiʱ
ߵūŶ֪ˡ
ÿһ¾Ѫϴع칬õūԽԽ٣˵̫Ӳһʱˡ
طiв֪жѪᣬ˵˵ꡣͻȻ֮䣬ʲôˣľ޲ͬ
꣬ء
ĳ̨Ҫҹȥ½ǾͱССסˡ
귨𡣡
ףϵ޸ʱˡ
ʵ
ݺݵĮ̇ϣϢ
طiʱһ£ȴתˡ֪ܱܲסСֻ̫֪࣬ԼĶˡ
ͿſüͷСС귨档
շůȴԾɭɭġ
۴ֵȼţڴЩů
̣ɫãȻѵˣ
˵ɵ̫泤󣬿ΨԼ֪иϺ˲͡
̫Ӽرá
⡣
Ͼ̫ӳϢԽɽ棬ǰСǼ̫Ӷݲµĵ
һ̾
ס˺ͣǺӺãôСĺӣΣյʱ򣬺ԥĳ嵽ǰ
Ҳϧ
۶˯ѵʱ򣬶Ҫ첲žðġ
̰ĵ£ҲĪڳһǣԵڶ飬˵ڶ黹Ե顣
һ̾Цŵû£귨ء
͹ɵͷ
Źẓ̌˳ȥȣһ귨ȣɺúˡ
ֱϲĲˡ
ɵü뻹Ǿܾˣ޺Ȳͺá
ִֵ룬ȡ
ļ£̻ǽ˿Ķӣȵ¶ǣЩζȷʵܺܺõĸο顣
ûкһ㣿һĴŹǷ

ŵĵ㣬Ϊ˸ڳʱ͸ʮֽӵ̸˿С̾Ͷˡ
Цˡ
͵СԴЦ޳Թˣô죿
ˮߺҳһ
ӳԷġ
ҡͷȥ
˻һѸı飬תŹȥţ˹߳ķǣ˵ԣȻҪԵġ

˵Ķԣ߼ôôᡣ
ʳһҿӣζͳһ̣Ҳˮ
ʳζ
Цü䣬Ŀڣˡ
ѽһ㣿
Ŭ
Сÿʱʲôˣ͹ǣס¡
үүǲȥıոһ˵ڹͷҲڡ
ʧǰƵģҲ϶ż
ŹӦ¡
СԴ֪ҪûֻСţԵĻʵŷ
ͳ꣬ԼԹԵĳȥ
ٻѾƽǰӣһۣתˡ
С̫ϴһˡϣƬ̹˯ˡ
æ꣬Ϳ˯ŵģҪޣƿӾƼص˯ˣűӺúõģƿܿȡ
Сá
ƣ˯˲СںãͼСһ˲ˡ
ùˡ
ɣ㹻ռ䡣
ȵڶպ˯ѣϻһˣС̫ߣ˯Ѿ̲ס¶ֺõЦźš
ˣү˯
ĵͷϴ£ùţȥѰںʹ񣬼ˣ˳ưڻ
ڿЩģͿۿ˿ı۾ë
ͰۿۣĲˡ
۷ˣֱסСݺݵףٺ־㡣
ŴŴĿ
һ㶼š
ɵЦˡ
һں͵ƨϣζЦ֡
³ڻ㱨ţɵüͷ
ˮʦ£Σ
Сʡ
죬һãȻʣˮʦÿǣ

ⲻѲֱç
̶ӣ˵һأСԴʡ

ССͣǻʶС
˵ĻˮʦȷʵбҪ
ˣˡ
һֱˮʦѡˮʦʹѾɡ
˵ճչǲԱ
ϾҲͦǮġ
ʱæʱȥ档һ̶ȵԸ㡣
СԴǮǹӲӲҪġ
ܷĸˡ

ôһ˵úбҪˮʦǷǵý֡

߶߶˰ˣүһֱûб̬˭룬Ƭ̹򣬾ͱ󰢸˵ͨˡ
ϸ룬ĽǶȺʹ󰢸ʵһģûôһѪϾʹ󰢸ݲͬ
ѧˡ
򵥵Ļܰ쵽£ͱ׸ˡ
˵ӦˣɵЦˣſڿٿǿϵıʣ߰һԵֽ֡
ûͦ˼
дĲҲ̶ãɵüͷżûϿξиˣ
͸Ͻúд
Һˡ
ҪǱĲ˳ۣ֣ǿǿµĽ
һһţɵЦСԴæ
һ;ģȥԼСţŶȣ鿴
귨鶼ǻɬѶģ飬ԽԽС˯ˡ
飬žવڵϡ
Щ
⺢ӾȻ鿴˯ˡ
С̫͵ȥ˯Ĵ˸Ƿȥæ
ıүС̫ǰ
ԥƬ̣Щ᲻úߣ˵ȴ̾˿˵С˯ˣæ
طGſڣС̫Щ⣬ԥƬ̣ŵԸ˵Сġ
ôˡ
طG밲ѹغĻսΪӵġ
ǵճӣȫʸ
⣬ҲѹһѹȻɾ˶ЩϾЩӣʵ˺ܶ£ǱȽϻŵġ
ҪԶסͣҪЩӣӾĥܾõķӡ
һãҪŬһѡ

ڻûлʰӵҪˣǾͷһˡ
ֵá
뷨ʮˣվס⡣
طGǰ뷨˵ˡ
һû׷ʣѹȷˣ
طGͷ
áˡ
Ⱥ˯ѣµķ֣ԼﱧʥּͷдΪӡ
ӣգգ۾ˡ

᲻ѳ⣬ֱӸôֵǮһ
ˣӡһںཱུƨϣò˵СƨɴֻҪһΣ̲סڶΡ
ĸŭԣҲ˼ˡ
㰢ͷţذɡɨسš
ͣ
ˡ
طGȥɫƽƽİ꣬һʱЩò׼ò˵ˡ
š
Ҳ
ޱӣ̽ĸʵЩΣҲͲ˵ˡ
ԼС첲꣬뱧
ˡ
طGͷƳһۣԼߡ
ͣ
Ҫ״ˣ
ȻԺʹյϸǰ˵Ļǲ֪ù֣ҡ
ӡ
Լү۵ˣпԭ
ԣ´α㡣Ȱ
ΪͲ⡣
ӣû˼˵Ϊҹһֱڱ
Թܡ
״ʧܵĺͲĿ¶İ̤꣬صĽŲˡ
껵
ﻹŰꡣ
ߣ
ӱһʩʩȻͷȥһˣһ̶ȥˡ
ҡͷʧЦ
طGҲü͡
żһ⣺ȽСʱ򣬾Ҳֻɰ
ϡ
һˡ
·޶˶һۣЦˡ
ͳţ԰ȥˣշ޺ãһˮž;ú档
ʲôĶڵϡ
һԲǴ̵Сٴǰر˼
С⬣档
СӴ˴С⬶ʱһš
óȥȡǴ󲹣Щȷ롣
־ڲҪҳԶĺá
˲Щˣ֪ȥǾ͵ط벻⣬ְС⬸ˡ
Сӱߣͷɵþú˼ϢŨݺصζ
ͰСԴŷѿ
һƬҶһƬҶӵš
ס洫һŮͻͷͼһޢ껪ŮţĿ
ˮϸȥС֡
ͷŮ
ѣҲǸϵĹŮѾߡ
θã˸Ķ䣬̽㣬˵ǽ԰棬㡣
һ˵Сӷ۷۵СǴ󰢸磿
˵Ͻ밲⸮ôСкɲһ
ЦŽ
Լȥ档
С᲻ߣ͸ʣôôÿʲô飿ū澾û߶ŮѵŮ䣬ʵڹŲöѹƨͨȥˡ
СͰȰȣŮҲôˣ˽Ӳϻ
ոҪոźã㻹ƯѴءСС͵
ͣ
󰢸磬ںӱŶһȥͲˡ˵Ż
˼ûӦһʱҲò׼ǰǲҲû
ĥţо֮ҲͦãС顣
˼䣬ͰѼ˵ˡ㶼߶߶˵˲١
ܽźұ֤һĶ㣬ԲжģֻҪҳԱůˡС۰Ͱ͵Ŀ
Ҳɵ֪ԼֱҸȽСӣ͵һ̣;ãź϶ź
ͣ
źˣûжǴӰﴦġ
ףôǶĹǣ졣ȶ͹ӣʱȻ㡣
Сﶮ˼ˣյĴͷĸ£һͷˡ
תͷθͱѵˡ
ϵСһôܽ⻹߶߶ôáСΣգһͷ˻ܲ
ôɣǰŽ԰ӣС߲˾ˡ
ŵĹԺǰΪԼ⡣
طG߹͹ĸͣ䵽ǲȥѵ⼸ҲͰˡ
䵽үǾͲ֪ôˣ¡
һ岻طG
ûýʳ
ֽ䱸û£û̫ݣֻǷһٺͽˡ
θʱͰˡ
ˣԭͲó裬ⱻһ꣬ȳƣʲôᶼûˡ
θҪ飬ҲǷǵ÷㣬˵԰Ǵ󰢸磬үСֻᷣĸݡ
˵ŵıƼͻӻ֣ʾϽԼߡ
θߵͷת뿪ˡ
طGȥıӰüΪո˶ͦأòԺĸ
Ժûطˡ
㰲ţүʢȥصȻҪʡĸвӣ󰢸СǾͿʼ޼ɵˡ
طGһκͲϣ˵Ƕأ͵ġΨû͵θ˲Ϊʸ֮ġ
ڱոܺܶ࣬ҲûʲôܣϾطС£Ҳ򵥵ĺܡ
һʱ䣬Σ
µҪ
˱ո
̫ʦϣһԵĹڸٳԣһߵǱѲصһûˡ
ŵ̫ãЩˮɰ͡
ĺܡ
͵ͷҲٰݸϣƯҲԡ
һһڡ
һŵطԹ졣
ͼϺߣҪ˸δٳԡιСӳԣܼܰȻܡ
;Цٺ٣𡣡
СԴϲԵ㡣
˵žǣȥСһӣرʲôϲ㾡ãҪ
ֱӴ౦ǰ
ŸߴĶ౦󣬺һҭεʹãʹá
ģֲġ
طͷһ뻹ҪţͼԼҸ§źͣĸ¡
ͻӱӵŮˣˮ
ˡ
ڴϣЦ崺磺ѽԵʲô
Ϻһۣ촽΢βһЦηһݡ
ط룺
ûæ𣿡ϸϸü⡣
ط룺
æˣһ뱻
طЩҲס
뿪
ƳһۣתͣԹԣʲô
ҡͷСŽţͻȻЩ棬Ͼ˰طͰ˸Ķޡ
ô䵭
Ƭ̹򣬾ͼطתüͣûƢһҪǳȥ䣬ڼҲǸ¶
˵ϵǾˡ
СˣЦ
ط룺


54 
ü軭žµױ, ŴһеĽȻƳһط룬ЦˣǾ߰ɡ
Ǹɩѧ, ǶԷ̨ףʵͷܸ, ڹϵܲܺãǾͿ⡣
Ŭһжˡ
ط, , һȥ¥תת
ЦЦĿͷź֣ߣһ𡣡
һʩʩȻ¥ȥ̬ɣûΪط룬˼Σָ˸Ȧ
ط΢Ǹ, ô򵥵ɡ˵žһͷƯı, 
˵
, Ľ׵ϣЦүгı, ԭصֻүһƬ⣬òˡ
˻, 嶣
Ź޵ЦݣطЦЦǣ֣ϸ˳˳䣬¶һѩӣĵӶÿЩ
һţ˼
ط벢ûôԹϻ˼ֻװ̫࣬һԼˣôȥˡ
񣬾ͱ׽סˣѽȦϣϸĶţԼŻˡ
ÿ
ǼǺÿ
Ͽֿ䣬̲סڣԱߵطЦȦĲףñ׺üڡ
ͰС°ͣϲ
Сģù̲סЦ
¥궫ȥ¥ȲϷֱ˸ˣĻȥ
ط뿴ŸͻԺת鷿ȥԵС̫࣬ǧ𷽸Ժȥ
С̫๪Ӧ£˲ž׹ǲ˵˼
ܿͻѹԺСūŶһ䣬ΪΣ
ط
յķ綼ǻ͵ġ
治
ط˵Ļʹһ᣺ү᲻øѹˡ
С̫๪Ӧ¡
ִ˻ıո˾ӣ˵Ǹûȥˣϲˣȴòš
һ̾ѹȥǵ
͹ԹԵͷĺԷʱ룬ˮʱ룬۾룬۾Ҳ룬˯ʱ룬Ҳ롣
СĲˡ
϶ʱĶһͿӲˡ
ˡǣź͵С֣ϰıոūš
ЩΣӣѹ븣£ٹˡ
Ȼ˵öˣÿﳿеģûһиȻҪ֡
ʲôףԻӻ֣
ǣ˵֣żСϦͣСʣͶˣ
ү͸δš˻ء
ΪԺС̫࣬ϸǰԷȺͣҲϲĽ
˻ȥͼſΣЦǻˣˡ
˵žͽūš
벻Цʡ
ͷͷϻĶˡ
ҳȢ𡣡һʡ
ǲܣûȷܡ
طGһ߽𾪵⡣
ʲô
;ʹ˵öҳȢ
طG
үʱŰϡ
Ͳ죬ɾȰȣһԶܺúܺõģͷ֡
ЦʱطG̲סס͵С䣬޿̵˵һ飿
ͣ
С֪ʶĲ˵۰Ͱ͵ĶŰ꣬Ϊ
طGϹ°ͣ˹һڣĿͣΪүĸ㲻Ȣ
ģ
ϣ
Це׺ͣο㳤ˣȢƯĸʱɻõġ
ŰɫľСͣǶҪס
ϾǸȢ̡
ϸŰɡ
һţƼϹŵȦüʣģ
;˵ǰƯȥ¥ġ
ˣҺƲסˣ棬ˡ
ÿͰСԺط_ȥ档
طҲɡ
ҪһǾ͸ˡ
С°ͣڴ
ǽͷһϤӰʱʮ壡
̵ĺ
֨ѽԺűƿͼطⲽЦ
߿ߡߵСͰѾȲҪһ£ʲôһˮʣʲô«ѿ̣Ǻʱˡ
طҪһԾһ˫ǽ޳ֱ֣ӰѺͳڱϣЦСү
͸ɽһӵͻȻܵϣɵüг˻ܸˣҪ
ž
Сƨɱһ¡
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ط_ҡڵĴȥ棬طںͷδžطG˵Ҫȥ棬Ƭ̣ŲһתҲȥˡ
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СŮӦ£ͻԺȥ
طGط_һۣüΣ
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ط_Ķ䣬εЩΣŵͷͷͷ
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ط_һޣͬΪӣƾʲôСү͵ùţվţ

طGͷ۵üġ
绪ŹȻۣȻյصľͷҲʵΪѡ

طGҪ˵ط_͹ŲޣڵʲôСүûѧģ
ۿҪطɤӡ
ط_ޡ
ĸ翴Ķãطȴ˳۵Ľ
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Ŀˮ񣬺ܿͿһֻ˵СѼӣɵú𣿡
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ˮջҰһˣӳˮУرƯ
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ūŸϽȥš
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ҡͷǰסطGĴȣСԴ̵ˣ걧
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ԥƬ̣߳ȥҲү棬ûǿܾ
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ԣԺּ̿ˣϵĿУԺһвʹܷĵط
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55 
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, ǲǸƤˣ
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˵Ŵ½ǣͼΪԼı㣬˵ãǧٿ׵Сƨɡ
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ϵС۷䣬ϲ񣬾ŸСĺɰôõߣδ;͵ģǻϲ
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Įͷϸ˲Т˳ñӣ󲹳䣺үǲϲġ
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ж˵һθоԭҲ˰ųŵš
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ɡҼᶨĿڡ
ҪᣬĶҪᶨľܾ
ڱҪһ㡣
˵˲͵ʮ㣬ͦ壬ն˵ˣŮճĻãƽﶼţκˡ
κҧĺ
ﲻҪţôöһСŮܵˡ
Це
ⱲӸЦĻᣬû⼸նࡣ
ҲЦЦЦžͿʼᣬĶȫǰ
ΪϲΪ˵ĲˣȻȴܡ
ҳˡ˵
ڸǰѧ˺ܶࡣ
طGϣ޶˷پ£Ưˡ
ԼÿһˣԼá
ȻƯС͸ôƯƯ
Ưġ
̶СһĿ䣺ѽôƯĽҵŶ
ڶǸ񣬾ԭ
㵱˵ʱ򣬲ԼҲĸ͸ɿҿޣ˵ĸҶǵá
üˣ⺢ӣúðôôȥԺ죬ͱĵļǳ
ЦЦⶫһָҾȥѰ꣬˵˽Űܵܡ
Цеģ˵᲻ѵܸܵ
ƽĻСųŮ˵׹ߣײˡ
ȷʵˡ
ӵĺöûʲô£ɱܡ
ŭˡ
ߺһķֿЦԼ꣬ЦԼ
ڲˢ
Ӵһɰǣ̵ĳ꣬ͱ϶ˢ
˯ˢ
ҲЦ
Ŷ
ֱ붼롣
;͹ԹԵĶˢڣǲˢ
ϼСƨƨĲȵĿɰӣ۸Ҫ磬˾Ͳˡ

Сƨɡ
뵽ߵ󣬳ע⣬ֱСƨɣСˮأһصˮ
С첲ڿл裬أɵЦˡ
ͣ
ȥ걻߳С죬ǵá
ͷԼ³ˮϣʪյģһίͰ͵ľС졣
ί
ȦͮͮģԼС֣રµ
⡢
Щ顣
ӣԣȥϴϴ
ͣQAQ
ֻװ׾è̡
ˡ
òһ̡
СԼһԣŬˮϴŶͷСͷëϴˡ
ǰװ׾è̡
˿Ŀϣ˵ٸŪ⣬ѵøˡ
һ˾ͺá
۾ţȴ
˼Ƭ̣ŵʲôҪģ˵ð졣
۰Ͱ͵棿
֣صͷ
;СЦٸҳǣ
ǲСԥľܾ
һ壬ˣ֪ԡ

ߡطGͺߺȥĸ״
طGཱུСüͷôģүʾһ¡
;͹ԹԵߵһԣߣղŵơ
عͷĿطGȻŷſĵĵط
طGüүû塣
žƨɵƸʾ𣿡
طGɤӣע⣬һƨա
ͣ
ͷٴڵϵʱЩ޴ġ
ڸ״
ôֱˡ
Ťͷͼվһȣߵ𣿡
ͺۿֳˡ
ȥϴ
طG϶һۣúûע⣬һ룺ǿɰɣ
ţ֡طG
һʱ˷ֲ壬ǻش𣬻Ǻǻش
Ĭš
СϹˮĺͣӣѽ˭ŪǱӣ㱨𡣡
;С͡
Լǽǣһţ룬Ͷ۸
̺ÿ̫ˣء
һ߸ԼϷһ۽Űͼһ
һЩ
ͣ
̧ȥͼǰտҲʲô˶ûС
ԼЩģȻݣͼͶϣŲ輸ȴͷͷҲ֪ıʲô
չȥͼһܲĻ
һԲָ㡣
ŽżͼǷӣӰСԴڣСƨˮٵ߳С죬ͷͽŶڵϣƨɾ졣

꣬ǲЩĲʣͼί


56 
Ŵͯһ˲, طGЩ顣һۣǿнͣ⻭Ĳ㡣
ͳĬ, ͦõġ
, ̲Ϲ
ΩΩФģ, װС
طG̯, װˡ
ţ㡣˰, бɫȻַ
ҲŹ
ͼ˰űһ䣺ɰ
ཱུģɰһͿ, ԽԽϲ
ҹҷҪ͡
طG, һҪ㶫
Ĵ۾, һɵĿ
ʲôСԴ˵
طGСԴĿⷿ, 
ϣ
ֱ̡
ѷ
ȻͻԥˡСüͷ, ҵĶˡ
ֱⷿϽ
طG
Ϊ, һͭǮû, һڿϷĸ۾ʣˣ
Ц¶, һϲʤţˣһ졣
Ӧ˵ʼ
طGĬˡ
ֿͣϡСûķݣܡ
, ֺõЦһЦ
ҲϽҷ޶ͬΪһ壬ʲôҵģҵĶġ
ر˵ر
طGüҡ
Ц˵˵Ҳص档
ͷͷſڶﻳʲôˡ
ǶգˣСס
ҲˣҲǺգĶˣҲ׻ȥ
طG
ȥ
׵Ľ
СԴ߹ߣѻ¡
طG
ߵĺܽ
§źͣⶼţ㳤㿴
͹ԹԵͷ
Ȼ
²ţ´ǧ
չ򣬾ͱ٣ͺ޷ȥˣϾû귨٣ʵ
ȵˣ֪ʲôġ
ͼչһᣬԵ١ѹЦر𿪻չ̵밲귨ʲ
û˵ꡣ
ͿϤĻ
ʹס
ƨɵĻ
ġ
귨ЦôҶˡ Ͳ⿪ڡ
һԵ١ѹŴСգգ͡
١ѹס죬ýкģ˼ĿźͣǳиСС󡣡
ͺ޷ŰСƯ뽲
ͼ١ѹЦҪˢ𣿡
ͣ
סԼཱུСƨɵӣһ䱸꣬ͼÿ
˭֪ƨһ˼
ʡ귨ʹðϽִܳȥıӣСһãȻ
첲̣ƨɶ̫ĵ
ԲཱུĿɰӣÿЦ˰⸱޹ȥϸϸ͡
ͼͷ
١ѹССʿƨɴ𣿡
ҲССĻأ棬ۿڽëϡ
˿˸۸
١ѹЦŴ֣һԵĺͣĻ⣬ǳԡ
ԭɵĺͣǳԣƨƨߵľˡ
Ư֣ǡ
١ѹֱס뻳һСƨϡ
ûǳԻĺͣǿ˵ۿ̵Ľë飬ȵĶˡ
æҵĿʼԼϵӣ壬˵ǻسиɹǮͣȥǳԡ
ڿЦ
١ѹǱ˼һƨɣ鱦
˵˵ЦЦģ١ѹֻ֣ܿкͱŻĽ鱦ãȻ޴롣

ܳԡ
ӡ
ʱڻ˺ˣˡ
ڵȻŪˡ
Сôɰۿˣ˻ú塣
١ѹһϡźף´βСƨˡ
֣سŵ
ȻŵΥģҲ֪Լܲء
ˣԹԵͷ
˵Ư㰮ƭˣƯֿ϶ƭ˵ġ
˵Ż䡣
١ѹĻŭţ̵׻ȥһߺԣִӲƭ㡣

ƭ
˾ͺá
١ѹΪТܲʺãڹгȻĵλڵť»Ĺڹﶼûˣڡ
طGТܲʺϥ£١Ѽҹϵһ㣬Ժ͵ϣĵҪͷ
Цһںͣſǻ購檹Ҽգٸ
ɫڡ
Ƴһۡ
һ仰˵١ѹ˼붼룬ûŵ˼
ѻ޹ͣȲ֪㣬³󣬸£˵˵ţͰѻչ
ǺʵޱĽ
Ǻǽ
ǺվվȰ
Ǻ
ÿÿͷҪѻóƷֺǺǵܽ᣺ǲɵġ
ڳ
ү۸̣˻ɻ
ĬĶ˸ﻹףǶԺͰҪҾһᡣ
˿䣬ѩšƽáƢáӵ̵ȵȣ㡣
룬ٿܾá
ЩسնҪҪÿŷĿ䣬ɵóĬˡӰ׻Ҫʾ֭ʵȥһ̡
طGع˿ͳ
طG
ĬĬЦ
ʱӻؼҲ޾С
ʲôСίҲûʲôҪ
طG
ԡ
ȥ飬֪͸˵ĻҸ˸ˡ
Ψһ˵ˣֻһɡ
Щ롣
ȻȥƼ͵ʱЦĸȰ̰㴷ȡ
Ͼ
ԺˣͰ磬ʾ˵ǸƨɵС̡
֪ˣֻԽԽࡣ
һȰ
·䱸ܵ棬ʣң
١ѹƭˣϵˡ
ҲӵĿ
طG
ʹðˡ
üͷô£
ЦеĿ
ûû¡ЦҪж١
طGֱסͣЦཱུСǳȥ档
ŲŲСƨɣСüͷѹˣ
ͻȻôãǷǳϰߡ
Ŀ˲üһӣһؿ͡
طG
ˡ
Ż۸ˡ
ȥˡ
طGŵʱӭ濴ıܹĴɤӡ
һɪҪ˵һߣ뵽ģֱͦ󷽵밲
طGӵĿƬ̺ͷҲȥ
ˡ
񼤶֪Ҳȥʲô˼֪ڰǰûйնĽ̵
ȽԺˣϴŸƵ£ͷϴžµͷ棬üۼĻѹƲס
նҪˣŮû˷ܵȭͷ
СԴȻȥһϳɵĸȻ˵ûֵһƬ⣬֣ʲô
죬Щ
ԣ۲ϡһǰĶ˿ࡣⲻТ˵ȥٿĪ磬ɾŮ
ҲŵͷӬͷС徻ֵûУǾͲ˵ˣУȥͲʲô
СԴȥɡ
üۣ˼
Ů۵һСŮ֡ȫ綼֪͵ġ
ŲҪĬĬš
ϳ˵Ļ
ʱԣ粻Ȼǧүˣ̾Ҫˡ
ֺǺǵȥˡ
ͷ棬ɫϸ黨䣬һƾʺСŮ
ߵ԰ݣԺںС˵Ů˼ǰ󣬶Ҫͷ͸ųɣˡ
˵ŲɵЦԺŮʲôö
⻰˵ƯΧѾ߶ĽĿ⡣
Ҳй⣬һӵĺöʱС糤ˣɵƸ񣬶Ȼ⡣
ôͺãöֵܣʱʲôǿ
һڶˡ
ͷʱЩڴģǰһУ˳˯ûκô͸ͷˣ᲻Щ
ܵܵƸʱˡܵҪƸ¼ѲɾͲҪױˣ
˵öԡЦЦŵʱ򶼸ܵܡ
תɬĲɣȴЦġ
ԹѶϣ
һ·߽ԺԭȻܱסƼնʱίӿ
ͷһԵĺͣգգ۾վûסžžવµ
ýͷҲлģĸŮһԩ޳ģܵеڡ
Ƕ˵ҪҰѺöţʱܵƸ񡣡
ֱȻ£ܵܲô
ǰˣ
Щǵնðġ
ΪǸ𣿡રµǲ⣬ȴ֪ô˵
ͷû˵
ʾΪǸδͻʣΪŮ
Ҳһѣȴܸı磬Ů˵Ĵ޶
ΪҲǸɷԺͺް취Ůˡ
ԣúøźͶ鲼⣬ҧݺѪ̣ѡĻᡣ
ⷬ˵ĺͺ⡣
ĴָΪʷϵТܻʺ󣬾ţͷòԺյС⣬Ҳʺλ
۾䡣
ϻףžĸƨɵӺһƣЦ˵Ĵ
ͣ
бҲˡ
Ϊ
СԴû취ָ̫á
ʵĲۣûôڴĶˣҲо飬ڲ۵£ָ࣬кá
͹ԹԵԭأŷཱུСͣ˰죬ŲȻϲǱɡ
ǳˡ
Ѿˡ
Ҫѧ谮ԼĶ
϶ʱȵĸۣ§ڻһꡣ
ԭҪ޵ģǼСӣСƨɶ֪㣬ûסһЦ
˾ͺϡ
ǳڹȥ˺£ôҹദûһ𣿡
⡣
Ͽüۣд𰸵ġ
ǰǲ
ЦЦŮ֪ˡ
Ͳ
ǿˡ
Ϊǿ
նֻˡŴģЦţȴᡣ
ЦֻҪ⸮ҵĺӡ
ҧŴʵܵҲ𣬵ʣҲˡֻҪץסݲԶᱻ͵Ժ
ȥϴѪᣬԼ͵͵С
ССʣ˵жѪ᣿
ЦͷҪһ
˼ĵͷ
ֻ¶ƤĿࡣ
ȵڶյʱطG壬컹ûǶ޶˵Ҫȥ档
˯죺ûʲô
ûеõش𣬻޶ˡ
̾磬ϣ档
һ˵Ҫһȥ棬˷ܵҹſס˯ˣϽ۾ûϣͱСŮ޶ˡ
㣬˯ߺ
ʹӣ𣬵Ȼү͸ˡ
һһ
ոϵͼſطG˯ֻСУſɿɰ
ꡣϳչѹҪ˯𣿡
һҲѹ˯ˡ˵ûס˸ĹǷ
Ц˯
񲻺˼ЦЦ
ڰ껳˯ĿˮδɵЦɰ̡
п˵Сǲҡ
Сſϣһ˯ţȻնķûס£˯ˡ
Ҳ۾طGһۣԼļʾ
ۡС
Ͼͻٿϣǵöۡ
طGбһۣүʱôүۣ
ϣ
˵˵ҹ
ļϣ΢̵ı۾
үۣԲ
˵˵ǡ

طG§źͣڿһֱֻ§ͳԵ
˯ɡ
ϱ۾
˶֪طGҪȥδȴĵĸ
ȵĿĵأطGɡ
һʱ˷
һƬ
ͣ
񣺣
ϣ
µ˵ʲô
ƯװžµĻףﻹ
ǡ
ֻк̯ƽ
ɽûʲô뷨ֻ̫ߡ
춼ûСţǵƣźȻһɽ
ͣ
Ҳˡ
طGͷһǿճ
ϣ
ŶɽǴû
ȻطGġ
ү㡣ĵ˵
ˡ
ѥӣһɽ
˸տʼ˵ЦģŴͲˣ׾˼죬ｿš
ȳ̧
طGˣͷ֣ʱ̧Сιôϡ
רΪ׼ġ
֪
ɽʱɫڣ;òԾˣСüëʣǼģ
طGֱ׳
ͣ
üһ
ͼʲô
ǳ棬Ǿϲˡ
ҲЩۣǻܼ֡ϾСϰ䣬Ӻܺá
طGǿûһ
һûЩЩĿżˣ强δ̫ˣԵܲ˵ӡ
꣬ԺҲҪԼɽһɽ֡
طGƳһۡ
Եģ
ЦԣͿԡ
Ůˣ˭˭
СȭͷˣҾԼԡ
˵ʱ򣬺ͻĲ࣬Щ⣬ܴӳѩܷԽɽͷҲûʲô⡣
үЦЦĿطG˵ϲȥʱӦҪ
طGͷ
ͺһȻ֮
۱ϣǹǳĻȣү㣬
Ե۵
ϺЦУɵñˡ
ǵʧǿҪġ
طGصͷ
Ȼһ̧ţ֪Լˣƽرţɽʵ¡
ۣ
ûϵ̡
һ·ɽطGŶͷͣٶһ·Ķסˡ
ڣάϡ
ɽɫѾʼûɣɽƿէˮһðһͮͮԲ
ȲõɫʣΧƶ뵳Ưɫ
ϼ
ͰͷĿѣԡ
Ǹè̵ʱģļУΰͷϼճǻҰӣԶҲѲȺ
ճ̾
ҲճŴǣʱġ
ӭճҲӳطGĲүܻϲ
طGҲЦϲͺá
ճžžવĵᣬĵطССᡣ
ΪⱲӶˡ
Ǳ͵նﴦ֪ԭвһġ
Ҳ俴ճ
˫ֺϳȣ˲̬ɽµĵط󺰡
Щɬĺ
һЦҲ˫ִ״ɽ´󺰣
𣬴ʱЦ
˺ţŮ

ԭҲź
طG
䱻ۡ
Ȼ
ɽͷһ
ˣ
ʲô
Ȼ͡͡
ϸֱ棬ȻԶʵ壬ʹ˭

ִ붮
ֺ
áԷأ
ܿ죬һӰ߹
̡˵
;ϲ˽˵ĻСԴ귨
̵ĺ
һѱЦɣˣ
ͲɵЦˣǰɣԵ֡
һƼ˴üͷʣǣ
ͨһڵϣѹɪɪ밲
ʱȤı
ȥ̫ʦΰĸ˵
ԭǸԼŵģǣ͸ˡ
ϸϽл
һۣͻȻЩԣôлɽ
⻹
еۡ
طGӣôϸ˵һصġ
걧ģ곬ͿĿڡ
ζĿطG
طG
Сƺӡ
Ŵ꣬մЩ죬ѹǸԸһ롣
ͷرܵš
طGҪ͵Ļʱںͷʲ²
ˡ
ߵͺͷ͵͵Сƨɡ
Ȼ˵ˣĻرС
һܿˡ
յȥΧūࡣ
ɽ𣬴Ҷע⣬ǳˣаӵġ
ĦȭƣҲҪҳԡ
ϴ֡
£ԸʹյһҲѧӡ
˿ĺɣԼҲС
һ֣ȫô¡
ŬĲ¶ڣȻӲǵ¶ڡ
ڶôȥüͷʡ
üͷı
ڶԡ
ϣ
үôԼԭ
¶ˣͰڶͷٲһš
Ҫ̭ж̭
طGһᣬĳԲ˲İӡ

úܼ򵥡
Ȼûô򵥡
ǰƤ
סڶ
ֺ͵ķãһ顣
һӵĳӡ
ϣ
ͻȻҲûôˡ
ҲǺ԰ˣˣûӡ
һӵĺͲӵĶĬˡ
Ͱÿ
ȻҲвС滹ָơ
Ϲϵĳġ
ͲɵЦˣó԰ɣ
طGҲۼֿȻԼһʱˡ
ꡣطGգգ۾ѧź͵ӣԡ
㲻˵
طGҭס
ſֵĳŰӣɵһ̾Ҳ볢͵ա
ǰһֻСֱ֣Ÿ
طGȥüԡ
ҡͷ
۰Ͱ͵Ŀ۾˵԰ɡ
طGˡ
ͬƤͬڶǺͰĺóԣϲ
Ҳϲ
Ҳϲ
ĳԼ۾͸طGˡ
طGĳ͸Ϻʹˡ
ģԼͳһ
ĿſյҲԼġ
˹ĳţЦûˡ
´ٰ
;ͳƯӣϲģЦеġ
ǰӳ۾ۡ
Цˡ
ӾȻܰ¶ڶ˭š
ԣĳȻȥпٸĵ
ͣ
Ҳء
ʵҲͦãԡ
˵ţͲɵЦˣػ귨ۣۡ
մá
û£ޱ
˾ô˵ţͿԼǰ࣬ŴЦЦ£㲻æá
ЩĿ˿һۣ¡
ԼҰǰȲסھ֮ĻʵǰǺ޷֮
üδͲһ
͵¡
Ժ󣬺СһĨūˢʱСˮԶˡ
Զһ㣬ܱסԼСƨɡ
ԭžú棬ǵԲСƨɣҲ
һߡ
ǺзֱһˮˣٺЦţߡ
Ѳ°ɡ
źջĿ⣬Щģ֣˼
ͣ㿴ǵиʲô˵
ֱֱͦģ͹ͷ

ôء
طG죬ҪҪԼ̡
ϱӵĻʰһ£ʲô
Ա۾װ
ȵĿԼ꣬ˣԼͱ۾
ס
QAQ
İںƣ˳ưѱˮõҽˣֱ߰ɡ
ƭڳƣҲΪ⡣
ӣЩΣˣվ̫ˡ
ŲŲţԼֱһҪᵹĸо
˵ѽ


57 
θ
ԥ˳ȥ
ͱվ, Сƨɣӻ˻ΣΪ˱ƽⲻȥ, ˫ֳڵ, Կ
ϧĿһǼⶼĺۼ, ɵЦˣοĻ, ʱǻ̲޲, ްɣͦɰġ
ͣ
СһĨ, ˡ
귨ЦС㣬۾ˡЦɽﶼлˡ
طGҲ̲ס졣
Ȼ߹, ǲɷϵ, ƼͲΡΡľСƨ, ǰȥһš
ΪпڣЦ죬ƳһԵĳϼ⳯ϼ۸
Ҫǿ޴ͺá
ʹҲ۵ĺۿ̶֪, Ǻ, ڿҶŪɵ꺦
˶ͣССͲޡ
˵Ķ, ҧվóСͲᣬһ
ĸͲᣬĶǺˣ๣ֻҰۡ
գգ۾˼ˡ
ŴŴǸɵĺӣɽɽˮˮϲ˰ˢᣬһԱȾͲһ
û¡˵
ԭǺ念ģԱš
ȴ͸һ㣬Ȧͮͮģұү
ͿţӺɰͳǣֱӷкᣬȴȥ԰ɡ
񣺡
Լỹûɣˡ
ôôԵ̣˲֪˵ʲôá
жˡ
ǰֱӱͣڼͷЦʣ߲ߣ
̵ĺٸߵ㣿

վͷϣ
ſﭹţͳƬ̣ŵǲðɡ
оվȡˣվ𣿡

޾һ䣬һڴĿͺˡ
˵ˡ
ɣվϡ
ཱུСͷŬҪվΣյϷϲٿ
ͼĸ¸ֱ֡
ø߰øֱ߰紵ܵĿ֡
ϣ
ļϱQȥһ٣ʡֵĲ֪ϦϦ
ҲЩţطGš
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վˣļǿС첲ŻһΡ
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һҪվվ̹СҪס
طGܵĸһڣвСƨɡÿѹر͡
ϸϽǣסС֣￴ϼڵվ
͹Сҵվվ귨㡣
ϣ
ʧˡ
ɵЦǰԣվվΣգǱŰɡ
б𡣡

˵ʲôƨ
ޱĶͷͦأֱӰѺͼԼϣҿš
;Ц
ɹˡ
طGһۣʵסˡ
ɽһɽȥûпʱǱģɽǲñˡ
ѾˣĸһɽϾк̣дٶҲ첻
ߡ˵ţʹԼһˡ֪ڴ˴ϾЩ̫㡣
طGĿ뿪
Աߵĺͣʾϡ
ĸ֣ߵߵĸϿǣס֣ͻ귨ɽ
üǵ·
š˵ǵˣͷתҹҲܿٵҵ·
š
ŰɣԼɽܳҪûͣǻǲ˵ʧɽȱ°߸ѡ
úõ߳ȥˡ
ôϵģʡ
һãȻĿཱུСע⵽µ·һЦŵһ۾֪ˡ
ˡ
Ϊè츳ʲôˮֱֵûʲôҪѧϰġ
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죬ɽ·ͱֺ࣬Ц͵СԴ޺ܸˡ
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ȷʵ֪طGͺҪɽǲ֪ĸʹҲеϡ
طG棬һŻȵġ
ǣź͵С֣ɽر죬ܿ͵ɽţʣǸһȥѰ㰢
ɽЩĺͱǼͮͮġ
üһЦԵƬ̡˵ָٴȷһ¡
ÿοСָ;ЩΥ͡Ҳر˼

һԶͼһôӰ߹ݽء
ֵߵߵĳȥ갢ꡫ
׼ˡ
˼
Сô׼
ͲСģǸطGĿġ
ҪյģڼµһˣȨʱ򣬾ͲǰҪȻ
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ߵǰǣĴƣ߰߰ɡ
ɽͳϼںͷֻͷһۣչյ۾
תߡ
ͻɽбıǽɽǻؼҡ
ܣСһּ䴩󣬺ܿռһСٵǰһЦŵʰջ
ЦŽӹװɰ䣬Ÿ첲ʣÿ𣿡
ڶ߱һС
ĺ͸¸ֱ֣Ҳű
˿һԵطG
ڼѪ˵طGװŲԶɽ֣ⲽš
ͺٺһЦǰקסӣ꣡귨Ҳ
طG
бТ
ӹǶС컨Ŀ˰Σ̵ıޱߡ
ÿ
ֺǺǵǣſĴƣЦе귨껭
ҲҪ֤ݡ
ǰ궼ˡ
г𲻱Ǿӡ
СӣЦһսթ
һۣһЦȥͻ
ܺޱ飬һǰôôԽų⣬˾ԽǸˡ
ɽѾɽ£ſɾطG£ӻ֣ȥ
طG
ҲҪڳԯϣץޣģĻ˻ӡ

뱧̣ˣҲ׷
ĿһɶطG
طG
ԸϳǺɲ˸ϳ
֪Ĺ޲
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̽ͷҵü۹˾ɵЦ
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ѽѽߺĳ
㻹ᳪʲôʡ
°ͣǧĪҪѵ
߳ϹӢ
㽲̫ƫ˭˵ŮӲС
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ȴ֪Żͦϡٶ೪䡣
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ȴˣʣҪ𣿡
ͷ
Ҫ
жٻ
С˵ǷСءһ·ܾ填ͦСظСֻرİڳơ

ССͣϷɰһڡ
뵽ֱӱס͵СԴףЦŵϷôࡣһֻ㹻˽󣬲֪Լʲôѡ
͹ԹԵͷ
͵ŵʱ򣬿ѶߵСժںɰ͵СʩʩȻˡ
귨ӻѽ
˵꣬طGͷڻյǰߡ
ȻرոǡҲˣʩʩȻߡ

ϻЦˣ
˲Ժȥߵſڣ͸ȥȥɽ϶ȽۣҪϢģͲˡ
˻ԺѵСЬӣֱ˽۾ûü˵ϽЬӵʱѾ˯ˡ
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ǰ˯òãҪƽլĹϵҪ˼ôطGһ㡣
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᲻á
˯طGҲ뱧˯һ뻹飬ͺ˯ҹȻˣҲ˯һ˵
Ϲɵͷ
ɣпҲϢһ
ɽۣҹûô˯
ȻҪ˯ˡ
طGͷԴԣ˯ɡ
Сһ죬ĺһۣߵСء
طGĵĿһۣɫүС
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ȺѣǱѵģСӹУÿ϶ǰ󱳣룬ͷһ
СԲġ
ŬӣǶϵ˲޶Եͦš
ġ
ͼⶼ·ȥˣǱ߾ðˡ
ͺ
ˣҲÿ
è̲ԲŲÿء
οԼ̵Ͻź
Ŵأˣ˵ǽˣôҲóźõġЦе
ӳԺöҲܸųһ㡣
͸˵Ľ
ͲɵЦˣŸϽˢϴֺǺǵ붼
Ҫˮء
ϴǱ׼ϲˣȺǰͼʳѾˡ
˱ǡ
ǳһֺǺǵʣµȥˣȻ˾Ͳóˡ
˲ɵЦˣֺǺǵǰлʵ꣬ٸҲһġ
ͻӻ֡
ûԣҶҪš
Լ˯ˣȻһҿҪšһ룬ȻҪĴǣҲͦ׵ġ
ֺһС࣬ԲСӣ㡣
æ߽Сӣһ񾲣ɵЦˣԱˣ
͵ͷ
ҶǶǣԲ
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ŵСӣɵεٳЩ
ôࡣ
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ϲԵıģǰˣëĲ
ȥ档˯ԱȻҪȥ档
ȥңˣǶڡ
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ԼСֺǺǵľȥˡ
˸һ˵ҪʲôóԵĶǰǰİԣڴľˣԼźӣ֪ź
ҲѧϵӣԳԣҪ
޺ܶࡣ
͹ԹԵţͷһûԣ̵ƯԣʱѾԹˡ
˸ūȥֻ˹⡣˵ȥѰ˵ǰҹͳȥɽˣ۵ĽϧУ
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˵Żͼط뻺߽ԡɫ졣
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طɫᣬסϵ֣ɫᡣ
ϣ
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׳ͺˡ
˲ˣƵǿơ
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طȴĸŰ˸˷򸴺󡣡
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Ϊ˰󣬷С
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еĶһ̫
Ͳ޲ޣԼҪ
ϵͷ
һ̾͵СԴεͷûӿ
ʲô
ѹ
˵ϾԼĶӣźˮ̧žİѱڵϡ
ֺǺǵЦˡ
ϣ䡣
˼߽ңһԹԣ²¹ǻȥ

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һֻСס֣ȵ¶ȣùůůģźף;һΡ
͡
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룬һڡ
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СƤۣѾ׺ˡ
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ſȥӣоǺԵӣԷǿˣɵЩ
ëģһһġˮۡ
Ҳ˺ͺŹ۲ôϸǰҲǷֲˡ
ҧҧЩ˵־˵Щס
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ڽ̷ٷ£Ը
˶Ĳġ
ϳƬ̣˰׵ָָµüۣкӣģʲô
ȫַ֧ʱӡϾʲôƵͼ֮رˡ
ʱһǿݣܵ·ϣȥľ޶
ȻүڣҪ˵޶ͷһλҲܡ

ǰΪӺͱĺӲ֣ͬǶĺӣʲôͬ
ȷʵӲҪ˵ǵӵļ̳ȨҪ΢һ㣬̫ͬѵǻһҲԼ̳оλ
ҪһУҪԼ
⻰ȴ˵ôףϾÿ뷨ͬ
Ͳͷ
ģʲôϾ̶̼ʮ꣬ûʲôԽ͵ģ룬룬ôԾôԡ
˵ٸ٣뻹˵ٶĶ
˼ϵ޲ǵүǣöš
˵ζ
ˣҪĺݵӣڿ˵һ
ˡǣź͵֣ʩʩȻȥ
·ϣ֣Щ꣬ܿˡ
ȻعأȻһҪ⣬Ǿ˭عأ˭ʲôʲô˵ȥƫ̻
һǽŵƫ̻ЩƳ˶ãť»ϣЩݽɫ
һͲһˡ
ֺǺǵЦ
Ժһֱ㡣ཱུ˫ۣݺݵı˸ġ
СԴ̤ҹɫ߽ıոҲԽСˣ˲翿ԼҪ
߽Ժͼһɫ۵طGʯ£˵ĶɫĮ
ͳҹɫУֽĹ°
յܹ˽밢ˣ
طGСԴ
룬ǲ룬ǹβʲô˼
ߡ
յҹЩġ
ºūϲͱ̶ֶֶֺ֣Ǻǵ룬ʲôúȵģȻѡ̡
۲ۣǰطGͷ
رÿļӳĳᣬıۣơ
ۡ˵
ſϣͼΪԼıܾٸ߸𡣡
ʡ
ɡطG۶ûڻء
˵ۣĲۣȻҪЪЪ
ͲɵЦˣС̺ĿطGСҪúõİ㡣
İ
Ĳˡ
طG䲻ԣط뻨ˣʵڣϸعء
ֵŽżס
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׬ˡ
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үݽš˵СŮˮ
ԺСŮǵТܲʺµģغͼһһĺãȻҲ˽ģҲòġ
طGǴûһۡ
ԺͷҲҲĸһרעʼûоͲҡ
ҲݡطG
ͣ
ءʡ
طGƳһۣϴ
;Сͣϵ⣬һίĺߣڿ˵ңȴҹ
ҲҪһݽš
ϰڻ㻹Сûãݽš
ϴһ¾ͳˡ
͹ԹԵͷġ
һԵطGڣȻһû˯֪ճ˴ûгȴû취ʡ
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;ЦֺǺǵˣϽȥ˯ɡ
˵̯СӣЦе㱧
طGû
ߣķǵˡϺЦ
㡣˵
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밤ᡣ
طGۣڴϾ˯ˣͷ۾һ£ҲЩӡ
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룬Եֻͦ˼
ͲɵЦˣ۾˯ˡ
ʱԺûˣæҲæֻһˣϴùţ
ž˴˵ʮİ
üƽǽͷˣôؾصˡ
ʮ˵
ط_ֻкһɵЩ꣬˵뿴Цأ˲ڡ
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ⲻȶ˼
ҲڴһЦİʮ壬ʲô׵ġ
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طGüͷĿ
гϢˣո
طĢ̧򢣬˵գһô
һԵĽߣޱĿNɪط_ü۲


58 
Ϥɫ, µĹ
ط_ԼĸüۣǹӇNɪʱʧѧŴģ, ıүĻǺ⽻ͺ, ȻҪûȥ
طGü
ȻԤУǺͰк껭Ļ, ǰӹ, 幬ķ˰, Żչ
һ˲ס
вк, , ߱һС, ź, ȼʣȴ˼С
ؿš
ӿ, ΪԼܺܺõļˣʵϲܡ
ǾϲŭվǶڵõ϶ʱ, 鷭ӿ, ϵȻ
ضŻ, һ, ٱ²ŸҪԡ
ȴԵһط½ǣ̴ǣȻûڻг֣ȴַʽˡ
½ǡ
ڰ, ̽ͷԼСԲԲġ˵ľ͸ˡ
Լɺÿˡ
طGٿȻűŵط_ͲԸˣֱӷסᣬЦеһٸ㿴һ
ȥ˷Լ֧ͳĵûдӻƿ
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ط_
˵Ҿ͸ж˰
ͣ˷ȥ֤٣Ʊ֣Щס˷Цŵ߿֧һǧ
ط_ζӳ¡
ǵһĬĬĸǮûǰһ䡣жˡ
ȻصԺط_ؿžؿŻĸ硣ĵķƽڴʱ伣
Դ
طGƳһۣû˵
ȵʱˣط_˵ûȥˡ
طGջĿ⣬ʾȥֶ࿴ۣЩ᲻ãû귨ܺãʱҽ˻ܿ
ָֻžطGĬƬ̣Ըʢϱīֽ⣬ֽֽ̿۾ĬЩͿʼ±ʡ
ںͳݵĿУطGܿ콫ĻظէȻһʲôͬ
С˫ģɫһĿ䣬˲ͼذ
ܰ⻭𣿡
ڴĿ
طG˴ˮīƳһۣʾʢš
ͣ
ԼҼһҪūţǷ˭ء
͵ˡ
طGȥæˣŵĵС鷿ͼ͵ȻʢֱֱĶһҲɣ
ͣ
㲻ȥæ𣿡һᡣ
ʢԼæڵְǵȻȥװѡ
ͰСԴ
ʢĺѻүøҲø
˶ţһʱסˡ
æͼڿſͷϴүҲ̲סЦʢͣȥĶ˵һ顣
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ҡͷҪ
ǻ
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ϳ΢ЦûС
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طGͼ۰Ͱ͵ĿͷڴĿͦŴǰæЦ᣺үˣš
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طGȵ̫ʦϣǰ磬ͼæµǰȡ
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طGƳһۣԲĶӣεԭǶģҲ֡
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ŬĲȥԼİ񣬶ĬĬ۲˸ţԼҶ϶Ҫʲôͦõġ
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СǲǹӴΪá
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š
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û͸ߡ
ҲٻƬˡ
ûʲô˼;һԣԲǰͼϵˡ
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ŵλҲ룬Ǿơ
˵鷳С
ӦǸߵĽͷˡת䣬Ѿµİ˾Ųʮ
󰢸磬ҪȻȥеš
ͷЦеĿʲô
ֻҪլŮûеˮȥһ㶼µġ޶ë޶ˡ
ҲǰĺӣȻԸһѣӺլɡ
Ȼ
ʱһȥƼϹԺſڣüǶˣ
Ǳ֪Ҫ
̤Ժͼʯ£ڵͻ
ͻȻ͹һЦ
Ƕ﷣ģĹȻһֱгĹϵĽӲ
ǰԼģ˼ˣ˵ʼ֪ά޵ˡ
ͦõġ
еССΣ֪ʷϵطGǸʲôˣڵȥһֱûв⣬ֱǬ¡⡣
ֺǺǵ룬ԺҪˣһֱȽ١
£žѻһ¾ã˿Ӱӡ
˿
꣡̵ĻܵطGǰĴȣĺߣ갢ѽ
طGһۣժվӣ
˿壬ٺЦ
֪ʣôͷţ
С˲⡣
طGƬ̣ԭźȥˣ뻹ǵ㣬ԭ뿪һֱ㣬뿪ͼ׷棬˸ˣǴ˻˼һСָΣ
طGıƻûΣյģˮСֺ棬汻ҵʱⱴոǺá
֪СӦиͯ꣬ȻҪڹߣʲôУΨС
˰ϵ˽
ͷʾԼ֪Ĵֵָı˶԰ĳ羴֮顣
ʵ̫ˡ
طGСԴĴ΢̣ҪѧĶкܶࡣ
͹ԹԵͷ
һֱڿţ˲ɵЦɨأľͲˡ
͹ԹԵͷ
ҪԥƬ̣˵ȥɣȴҡͷǲˣȥģСš
ֱǵݡ
ȻûаӿԹ
Ǿ㤵ĳ棬ʱ缦Ѳƶ˳棬ʵ롣
̶ֶֶ֡
ȵڶյʱϾͰϺ϶ĴſϣԽͣԭүȻͷϲȰ
賡Ȧ΢죬ϾͿ䣺ҰһСˣһ޸ۣ滨Ư
СŮլͷθ˵ˣҲ˵ˣϡ˶٣˺ҲˣƯ仨һ
ˣ񡣡ָϣ㱣Ǻլһÿ
ڱţ뵽ȷʵСүͲôһֱҲͰˣھЩŲʡ
˵䲻ģӣҲӣܲ
ٿСѹ
ȷʵС
ȻҲǱȲϵġ
ЦĿϣЩտСˣɫݻƵģ˵Ҳúǡ
˵ͽйŮ֬ݸϣ΢ЩЦŵҹ߳õģûô⣬ԣҲܹܡ
˰ӣٹ档
﹣һĿҪըһԵϣĿ
һ˶԰͸ϽڵϣɷСร˵һȥ͸
ԼŻ׵βָƯСϻţһѪۡ
סˣһ͸ˣʵֵ
ŵɪɪ
ŵɪɪССรò绨
ž
վ̲סžһƴȥ
ŭ˿һתͿζ˫˿תͽҡ
ǰֽһ۲ۣ
ǰˣ㲻ܶˣһᡣ
ڵ˳ĻصԼСݣԽԽޡ
ˣҲͲร֬ˣôͰԵ˵
븣ޡ
ϧԺܽˣҪȻסԺ϶ûôĴĥ
ԽԽޡ
ɫ˼䣬׵Ĳˡ
ҲޣһиءȰ䣬Ҳû˵˵Ҫź񣬾ȸˡ
ֿˡ
صĿСֱüͷɵķҡ
˺һ
Ժ
ġ֣طG˸Ļ㲻ɣҲǺõġ
֮ǰԼѧڿʼˡⲼúͲãȻǾ¡ֿʼæˣⶼûʲôʱˡ
С಻ԣϧǸӣҪãǵ㶼Ϸܡ
һطGﳤ̾갡ǽҴúõĿɣĿɺҾûĻˡ
Լ϶ĥˡ
ĹΣܰٷְɣүʹӦ㡣طGͷ˹
۾һԹԵá
ͳԵ𣬻ڽѧĿҵ
ͺܺõĻشȷˡ
Ĵ
طGЩ⣬ϾԼѧϰѧô棬ʵס
ȿֵʱ͸⣬дرá
лҪá
ɣЪŰɡطG
˵ĶԣҪܶһһϦһհˣֵӰӵ㡣
ˡ˵
Ͷʱ˽̵ֺǺǵãð갡
갢ûҿô
СطGСԴͲƨ
Сĺܡ
ǰ;Ͷ㣬һ£ʱأ
Ҫ棬ô͸ϴϴ˯ˡ
ж˵
Ҳ֪ȥʲôˣСŪˣſġ
޹Ŀ
ˡ͵͵ġ
е㻳֦ϣλµӡ
е㻳ָо
ȥԣһӻҡ
Ļ
˹ϣèϣֽȻͬĸо
ܾܸˤ
è̶ӡ
ϸСɾָЩ̸ԡ
ͶѾУҲûֱӳִļĺǿġ
ȵ˵ӣСſϻ̥
ر
ϲָо
ֻҪ˳¸кǾ˵ʷǿԸıģǲǾ˵Իȥ
Сȭͷ˭ڴС˳
طGһۣҲǰǸһߣ۲ۡ
ӴǸĴϡ
Բġ
ͣҲô𣿡ʡ
ӣЩȷ͵ʱ򣬶ҪСһɡ
˵ͷ̥̫ԻҲǺȷˡ
طGͷ᣺ţ£ٲġ
ϵͷԭǳʷǱߵθ߾˺ܶࡣ
Խˡ
ȵӣǾȫˡ
ſһ˯ˡ
طG͸ϽһԵĴϣѹҲ˯үȥæ
ʲôҪãʵæ¡
ϵͷĿ׵Ӱ
طGˣҲϴ˯Ҳ֪æʲôֿʼײβֲʡ
һܱˣȺǻš
̾˿§źͱ۾
ȵҹ˯͸о˹һ΢ӣüͷȴԷȥѰˡ
үૡ
طG˸ƣ˯ȥ
ȵڶ˯ѣطGֲӰ
ֺǺǵĿĺˡ
۾һĻЦŵﶼμˡ
ۣ̾СѽЦŵμʲôˡ
üͷԺģһЩ㱡
μʢʯ£飬ضţرĹԡ
дŻϼ翡
ͣ
ʣء
Ѳμеĺͣǿ̫˼ˡ
㳳Ҫ˵ԼƤԲſ֡
ûС
͹СܲԼƤԲſ֡
è̵ʱĺƤ
ûһطGͻˣڴϻЩ⣺û𣿡
ϺߵĺգүĻǸ˼䣬û𡣡
طGһİ¶ָǳ
ͻԼཱུС֣Ҳ¶ţľͲŪ
ڴĿԼꡣ
طGƬ̣ˮ£ԥүҴӡ
֮⣬˭
ͲԼظ첲Сȥϣ˵㸣
طG
ú밤ᣬȷе֤ݡ
ĴѾ͵Ŵں͵Сƨɵϡ
˭֪ϳ˹֣ү֡
ԭ뵱ź͵ãǣסԼұүֺ֣Ǻǵס
˵žֱһڡ
׵һ¶ԼҲף̣ɵĺ
طGü˲üӡǡ
źͳ
ͣ
ıո˾䡣
ֱһڣƵĿԼҰ꣬˵бҲס
طGԥĸס
ҪǱǻˡ
;ǿӣϺݺݵһڣƵĿԼҰꡣ
طGü
ԥˣϾⲻʲôС£ںǰ죬˵©죬ײ
ֲܸ˵׶ﲻܸ߱ˣӶзǣԽԽԡ
ԥƬ̡
Ѿ̾һ⡣
طGշ۵ϣĶׯüţգ޵ʹű˼
ౡס
һϵ˲͸ˣ˫ɵԲϽס
Ͳ
ָԼͣĿϣ׺ͺòѽ
ϱֵûƢСһڡ
;͵ĿԼֺ꣬ǺǵЦ꣬첻ɣ
Ͼﻹû


59 
طG, ΢΢гֳһӨɫ
⡭ӣؿ, طGûʲô, ȴã¶ͬı顣
֣һֻס͵۾, һֻ־طGĲѹ, ĴǱϡ
ౡ
ϸСڼžĿռУԵøԡ
ڴϹ˹, С°ͰҲû, Ϊʲô͵Ĺˣܹ°ס
ס
ôΪ𺳡
Ĳʾ
ⶼ䣬ΪӮİ϶ôڰǰNɪˣһжɿա
ߡñ
תطGסСӣǳٺҲˡ
̧̧򢡣
۲ת, Цź壺ԣ ѹյ, ССȻװ, 㡣
ٺ١Ц̡ϣҲССҲˡ
ʵݵطGһԡ
紵궯ůչĹ£û취ԹԵĴڸ档
ȥһˮ, ȥ«ѿ̡
ŶӣȻʺȥææƲӰ
ĥţ˭ȥ
ţͼط_Űֲҡڵ߹͵ʱ˫ĴȥĻʮ壿
ط_ǰһѰЦʣԼ棿
͹ԹԵͷ
ߣȥ̤¡ﹰȥ
ط_ԥƬ̣Լе£ǲȷ
ɣߡȻˣʵ᲻þܾ
̵ЦˣȰڣֺǺǵ߿ߡ
ֻ棬Ȼǲ˵ģط_ʼС̫ȥҡˣȡ
ҡʮʮ塢ʮ˱Ⱥͻ˷ܣײܳⱻǸ˵Ĳˡ
ͿţҲú档
ż˴кСԴ̵λѽ
Ȼ꣬Ϊʰ磬Ǳֱߣʵʵĺ塣
ҲϽкΪıռҵĵӣǺǰ֪ˣǸҵ
Ҳһ˵͹ԭ
Ҳط_ͣǾǵﱳүıա
ͺʮʮ죬鷿һңǸʮͲˣĿšʮøǰʶһԱʮĽ°緢ƽЩϹŵЦݣʲôһ
ûǴǴ˵ĳٰ磬лΪһز̣̫Ҫˡ
һߣͼ˹˼˾üȥģ˵ȥ棬ͽж
ط_һӣ˵ãǰ°ߣȷʵЩ£Ĭϴţһ
棬ֹ֡ȫҪ
ϵĿ£ȥϣͼĲˣĺŸ裺£ҳŸ衫
ط_
˴ĺͣü˭£
֪ץ첲Цһ档
Ȼʮˡ
ħط_̵ʱҲ޴֣һˣһ߶Цְֺ̣ޡ
ǰͷ͵ˣȻСƨɡط_
ǰꡢĸ˵Сƨɵʱط_룬ӵȻҪѽôڸܵҪСƨɵĸо
ʰɡͲҡͷ
С˵ˡ
òһ̡
ĿĵأʱװűСӱߣֺǺǵĿʼéѿͷɫƤ¶İѿġ
ͦϲġ
綼û飬ͳһѲݣ߰
ǳԲݣ
ͱʾҴΪ𾪡
ط_ü㲻Ҳڳԡֻܰװ׵ģĺûС
ǲݣéݡһʵһ
ֺǺǵĽ͡
˵ǽôϸéݺͲݵ
ʮʮ塢ʮʱд㽺ͳݣ벻̶ôܼ࣬ġ
ͻȻҲڹⳤʲôо
϶رɣرˬ
ú˵ҲΪýûôɡ
ڲݵϣСݣж۵СžͲԸ⶯ˡ
ģǰ׵ģңġ
ˬĲˡ
ط_̽ߣĽǶȥƣһɵѹʣ϶ûհɡ
ĸ۰ү۰
ĺÿԸҲãﱻţû˭ᷴĶȻ̹
۾Ľëգգһûհɣĸ谮Ա
˶һۣ˲׹˿ģԼûзǡ
ط_ڵȷʵܳĽڿҲݳ谮ƽ˵޲ޡ
ط_͸ӵûӵеġ
ʮ塢ʮʮĶ£Ѿʼˣ˵Ĳˣ¾ȥ
ûëСſͣιʳ
ʮ忴˲ˣû񵰡Сû˼Ǹ𣚣ͼʲô
ʮΪһ㷴ӦûУֱȥ
˿ֶ飬Щʧ䣬ת˲䣬ֱСĿ⣬Ǿº㡣
ˮͼסǣͦ˼Ҳһºȥ
ط_ȰöûȰԼºˡ
ͺס
ˮأȥˡط_ü
СӱߣøСӣȥ㣬˵Ҫ
ط_
㴵ţôݸ塣
ֱֱ̫ùֱס
ڣСԴĬĬԹԣɡ
ط_ǲʵСľʲôãȴ룬ǹֱӶ˶γͼһСֱӱ
ط_
ҲС
ʣֵҲǲ죬ǰСˡ
ϹˣĦȭƣ̶Уǿ϶Ҳеġ
ͿǼӣ΢΢һЦϣǲҪڡ
Ȼûʲôá
ᱻ͵ȴûʲôã˵Сˮݶû
ͳ̾ѣѵѵ
˵ţ˾ˣֱֱĶͼϡ
ط_аӣֱˮץͺĵ𣺡Ͳץߣ
¡
ٵջ֡
ͲɵЦˣЦеˣҵǳԡһԵط_ȴûʲôϣĲǽҰˡ
˭֪
Ƭ̹򣬺;͵˺ü
ǻ裬ˡ̵㡣
ط_ˣĵһʣ˭
ˡնĻء
ʮЩЩμֻۣ۲Χл⻰Ҳ̲סͷ
ôƶˣط_ʡ
;ЦеĻأΪǲʶ
Ϳں˵
ط_
СŪˣףǺܿġ
ūѻŶΣЦŵŶδŷ硣
ժéݸ׽طGڿӱ޵˴ϡûƤӵ£ȫû취ġ
ˣԶԶͷЦǺܿģЦŷ紫ȥԶ
طGԶԶפ㣬Ͼؿʮͺ׷֣Ϊû˭֪Էյ̵ܹĻ갢ˣ
С첲갢걧
طGͼȻ಻
СһġЦ
Щ಻
ǱѿҲЩסཱུСӡ
͹ԹԵ§סƴĲ˲䣬ղͺ밢갡
طGбͦ𣬸ղЦĶ࿪ģ˵ʲôˡ
̵죬ƭ˵Ĺ
ˡ
ط_ŤŤǰ쿴ص밲ĸ硭
һͲ˵ˡ
طGɻĿһۣŲüˣ
Ӹ̬ȣط_Ļٴδܳ˵Ťͷߡ
ʮ
һվɵ
ɵӡ
ĸ硣һȵĿһԵĺͣ㰢ʵ̫ǿˣЩס
ıүƾʮ粻£˼ˣĪ
͹˹طGѹССòѽꡫ
û˵üۼ䵽Щ
һ˺ͣ˶ЩŤǰ˼ϾǶҶ״̬
طGƳһۣؾ񡣡
˵úúУȴнҶ
治ɫֲˣطG͵ذɡ
һ˵Ҫأ;Ͳ⡣
û湻
ˡطG˹˵
ͶʱףԹԵĸţ˵ˡ
ĸָ𣬻ȥžСͣߺĸ
㲻֪ж㡣˵Żżһڡ
˾˵룬ôһ䡣طGЦ
ϻĲߺĸ״ңú¡
طG
ү֪ʲôĺ¡
üһĿദˣΪϰҲ
طG
ӣ֪ԲЩȻüۺɷȴ۷繴һ
ȡ
ɤӡ
˵ţͷ˵ʮ
طGô
طɫأϡͣû˵
϶ʱףź͵Сˡ
£طGü
ط鿴ѹ˵õϢЩ˱һֱڻѾõüҵϵžҪһɳ졣
šطGļü۲񺹰껹ڣ̫ӵλȹ̣Ȼεþ̣ȴҲ㲻ʲô
治סĴ
̫ײᵹսպյĿұڻϿط޸ʱQĻʵûʲôá
괺ﶦʢ
Ȱط飬ҲȰԼż
ſͷ˼ȥ껹һԼųȥѩȾƵİǣ̫ӱãһ˼
󲮶Ȼ̲סͺϡ棬鼫ãڶȴԵЩۡЩ£;׵Ľϸű˳顣
ԼҰȻᣬͲȥˡ
پǰˣڳȷʵͳ֮ƣǿһ䡰߿׽̳¡
پʮˣں֮㣬ҲҪײطGı㡣
Ͱ̵㡣
طGü
޹ĿСסԼСͣŬıԼҽԸ
طGûȷʵ˵
СС塣
־ƣӦô죿طG
ͳԥһһ
ſʮꡣ
жʮء
ھͱQĻһ̫ӣʲô塣
طGΪʲôô˵
£֧һӣСӪŲˡ
žطGԥһƺȥ
ͶʱʵھƲɶɱQģ귨ܸˣ˻׳꣬µĶͿʼҲ˭Ū˭ⲻŵġ
طGƣСƨɡ
˵Ĳ䡣
ҲôģǻλջͷѵȥЩ
˿طGһԵط飬ʣ־Ρ
طüڣ
طGطGͣӣզզΣ߾ٻ귨Ĳҡ˵ɶɶ³һΪ
ԼҰʷϾôģʷϵ·һ߳ܽ˶ѡ
Щ˵طGĿ
֪Īӡ˹ǣƬ̺е㺦ˡ
꣬ߺҪ갢걧ѽ
طGֵûӣͱ
㽿ɲɡ˵
̵ŶһڣСԴʣղ˵ɶ
үϲ˵
طžЦƽУ˵һں⣬ǲá
ĸ磬ҾȻˣҲ£֪˵
طGڵˣš
طͷԼȥ鷿ȥˣһˣʵڿ
ŵʱطGڰϺŰװ׵Ϻⱻ;Щڴġ
Ȼ
Ϻ⻮һĻȣʮ
ͣʣͺܼʡ
ͻȻʮյԭˡ
Ĺϵá
ֻϺһֻǶģһֻʮġ
ͰСллллʮ塣
Сˡ
طG
ϺĬĬת˸䣬̵ܽ
ʹĽӹһڳԵطGڴеСûг֡
ȡɤӡ
ͼҪ
;ͺСͣĴչҪס
طG
ⲻҪġ
Ҫɾɡ
ͲϣͷҪףطGѡС𣺡Ϻ㡣
طGˡ
ĸͰϺ
СܿͶˡ
طGɨŰϺ飬ס֣Լ룬϶óԡӹɵġ
ͳԵСԲԲ̵̱ţط̽ŰĸŶӡ
̱š
Щۣ̫۸طˣطGҲô룬ͺԥһơ
һµߵĿԼ꣬§ʮĲӣǳʮ壬˽ɡ
طЦⲻ˽·
طGУ§žܡ
˳ԺһۣɵùЦ
طGҲ߳ͶʱˣҪԶܣһ̵ٺ٣ܿܣˡ
طıܡ
ĵطG
ܣү׷ǲ׷
վס
;ʮĶ䣬ܿܡ
˶һۣȸղܵĸˡ
طG
ܡ
ܡ
⻰ÿûúҪǱ϶Ҫ˵ŲǺܣè̡
ÿɰա
һ·طG׷ϣܵĸˡ
ϲƨɡ˵
Զˡ
طСֲطGҪ˼ӣٶȺܿ졣
طGԲˣ˵ж켣ֱӽ·
˷ܵ˺ܾãһ̧ͷƼ䶢طG
ʹط黳ȾܣŲҪСƨɡ
ط鵹ûܣԼĸ磬ЦŵȲһ
طGһ
˷ȥʲôûʲôʲôҪԻپǣһҪע⣬˵һԺΪ
طGĽš
ţĸġط˵ţſһԵĺͣʯ£һʱҪȾܵӡ
طGƳһۣ
;ĥĥĴչ
ͷر죬һֺõѽ
طGߡ
֪ˣ粻֪ʲôȥˡ
ͱȣ
طGֵûӣסҸ°һߵԽˡ
ཱུĸһ
Ŷ䣬ʾԼô˵֣ǿɰ͡
˺ÿȻҪഢ֬ܺúõĹ
طGܵĵͷ
š
͹ԹԵſѣ۵СĦѣһߵǧż
ղǸոĻˡ
Ҫߵ·ء
ھͼþڻ귨Ƕ
Խ󣬻ԽֶΪ
طGһСԴˣ¡
껹СɲȥЩ
ŴߴߴСһžûˡ
̣طGỽ
ûлӦ
˯ˡ۵˯
ʲôò񫡣
һͱȥ͹밲ˣɲܵˡ
Ľˣеֱܸ幬ȥȥ͹Щ尾
⣬ȥˡ
͸밲 ԹԵʰ
ЦеķһԵϣЦǲǿˣڼˡ
Ͼͻأ˵Ѿ˸ˣ¸»¸¾ˣЩò׼
ĵĵͷšĸҺˣûУȥż
ʵЩУϲԸ˵Ϊʵ˲ýܡ
ЦЦ̵Ĳ⣺֣ǳ𣿡
˫Ŀ˵ǳԣǳԡ
СŮǣŵĻˣЩ⣬Բˡ
оˣܴáڵ
ͰŰСʣӣǿ϶оˣ̶ܲܽ̽һ
ϵЦһʲôвеˡ
ûϴϲŶ㰲ŵĲãͷүǲŽҪóԺֲ˵ðźÿ֦ɢҶ¡
ͿԼͼڣ˹ص¶Ļһж׵ˣϲŶ⣬
һΪѡ
𣿡ü֪Ϊ빬
ӣ򣬵˵
˵ԺЪţȻУͲӦðռżүǣͷźǡ
üȻвģ۸Ҳ̡
һ⣬ǴӺδϢûιСȥŴѾϡ
ص¶ĻӴԼĶӣĽС
һתરµԸ⣬Ը⣬ҲԸ⣬귨Ҳû˵ֱ׶òã
ſϿޡ
ĸۣ˵ţͼ̤˽һ̤żĳ
ôˣʡ
죬ȴò֪˵ʲôãüѹͣʵүĻ檽̵ĸ䣬˵ǺլͷûϲŶˡ
ʣµĻ˵Ҷˡ
С΢׵ĸطGɽҪ΢Ƭ̣УڣޣļҵĹžȻٳõ¡
˵㲻ޣ㲻Ҳ
˲ǿŲû̫ʧ̬
㲻ޡ
㲻
仰һһۡ
Ϊ㣬תһȦĺͣüͷﶼ᣿۸
Ҳǰݼڰˡ
ܾôọ̃϶ȻҲǸõģˣֺο˵Щеûġ
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60 
ͱС˵ݡ
귨̻塣СĿ
Ǽ߳ϸܵ亹, ˵ͲỤŶָű۸С
ŴɷһƬ
Ӳɫ, ˫΢, ͵Сƨɵ
귨ǳȥòѽС΢, ̵ĸ
, ཱུС, ƳһԵ, üͷףͱˡ
ǽ밲˼
ϸӦ, Ѿȥɫˡ
ϱˡŹŮ֣˸, ̵תˡ
Щסϱ, ǿЦŴǱ, ˼ݣʵˡ
ݲü, ֲ˵Լˣ¸, ߲ȵ, ⻵´ȥǷַӡ˼Ƭֱ̣Ӷ˵Ҫ, Ϊү
ǱԲ˹ȥ, ֻڼ׵Ĺ, ǵݺ˺á
ڵĵ
ͱȥϾ֪, ֱӸס
ϲ֪ʶȤԭŵͺܶ࣬ڰ֣ʾϽȥˣذɡ
Ͽ˺һۣ֪ڶԹ죬ȻЩģ뿪ˡ
źཱུСú˲䣬Цʣòȥ鷿벻룿
⣬ɵЩֹ벻룬ֱǲʿ϶⡣
롣ڿĶ£̵Ļأһ鲻Ը
ЦСԴЦԸͲԸˡ
;б۾룬滰Ҳ˵ʲô˼
һ·԰ȥյ԰ʹȫ̺ͬ죬ٻţʵƯĽ
ۡ
;̾
ûôв֪Σ뾹Ư°ͣ飺аտ̯ӣԣǿɡ
ͻϲĽ

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ͳƬ̣ڿУڣϲ˯
ѧӳƬ̣һƺƨɵϣЦʲôš
Ͳܡ
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͹С˵ʵˣ˵˻ˡ
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ߺԶˣ԰һִͨݻȿӦʱЩĻѾˡ
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͸ǵҲ
һСڿһڴУ̿ڣ귨˵Ұ͸Ὺ𣿡
Ĭˡ
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һġ
šӦһͻŰѻݸһԵˣЦͳȥ
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ʢĻǲõģܵĿЩһ£ǻɢ
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һҪȥæԭŽԼȥ뻹ǰϡ
һȥ˵
۰Ͱ͵Ŀ棬ҲŻ귨СѾỵˡ
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ԱߣĹЩۣſ˼ҲЩ棬ѡܲܿͷ˵ܿЩ̫⡣
һһ߸ʱ⵹Ҳĺܣֻһȱ㣬Ǿӵٶȿǰ
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Ͱ
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ʣǺڡ
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æһ磬֪ʲôʱͻȻžͱȽͰ۵ĺܸߣ¶һذװཱུС

һڣǾܳܲסûзʵʩ
Ͳ֪ԼС첲˵ǡ
žͺܺÿУ
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С첲üʣΪù٣
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һĿͼΪԼıҳˣ귨
Բٴƨˣߡ
һߵͷһžȥ
˶һۣƽãֱӾСƨɣɣ򡣡
ʲô˵ġ
˭˭Ǻ
ȴˣڻСŰͨ־Сѧ졣
ûô죬һּ񵽱ĸоⱳ꣬һֱ˯ˡ
ˡ
ʫУͨ־﷦ζ˷ָĵزһ䶼뱳ˣһֻŶûʲô˼ĸо
鿴䣬;Ϯס
ʵǸ߷һ
귨Ҫ˯ţͶ࿴Ĵߡ͸
̶ֵֶֶĺȣ˼ѧЩԴӡͲ鸡ģǷǳˡ
귨ǶǶԶˡ
Щף̻Ǹ±ѼŶЦŵһԲԵùߡ
ͳԵĹߣҺϲ
ıͷ죬СͺģҲҪſˮųԡ
̫һڡ
ȷʵһСƤۣԭ֮һ
ͱ̶ֶֶ֡
СԴĸ߸ߵģرɰ
طGӵʱ򣬾ͼźͮͮСͣĴչ
۷ˣʡ
졣
ôĽ̳ͣ±ѼŶԶ˾Ͱˡ
СѼӡطGС͡
͵ʱ۾˸ԲֺǺǵѼӴȾˣ
طG죬ⶺţԺòˡ
ͣ
Ҳ̫˰ɡ
ܡ
ǿǲˡ
ĿСʣĻСѼܱܲɴè̡
ϲ
ͣСѼӣһ˵ʲôè̾Ȼˣһţᡣ
Ͷʱˣᶼ־ЩԾми߼Ǿ˱䲻Ѽӡ
Ӳ̫ʹĵԵɵɵĵ
طG

˵İƶЩˣһ١
һƲԣŤͷ·
˵ᣬΪһ߾ͻϧ
꣬ҳ߸ˡطGϱȻš
մԽʱ򣬲ŵ֪֪ʲôʱ𣬺ûóһȾǸһء
ȤĿվȻ˸ۼ
ǳߵļڣȵȥ߶١˵
Сߣһǳ˼¡
ͺϲ
طGҲܲ죬һֱžߵ̣ȻЩ
˼
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һͲˣȶأΪʲôҪҶһ˯
ⲻ
طGͼͣүǴ˵еźȿͷҪԼȢȥ
գգ۾ҳȢﵱ𣿡Ͳ÷ִ˯ˡ
ǸС
طGཱུСһԣѹɡ
Ϊ
ΪҸ
԰㸣𣿡
ɡ
طGʣסСͣ˵ү㡣
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ͱСͲ˵ˣȵظϣƼϣžɻᣬ˵Ȣ¡
Ͼĸͣ˵ǰ˵ˣǶԭ׵ˣȢ
ǰ˵ҲҪ˯᲻öıС͡
ĺϲ
ģϽڻ壺ԣ飬ú͸һ˯ٷ֣òѽ
Ͷʱˡ
աǼֱ̫ˡ
ʲôá
ͰŰССһˣôôôౡ
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ʱҲѾʼ飬йڱڻļ䣬һֱźҲܹܿʱ§ڻ塣
ԼкӣͲһܹĿࡣ
仰˵ʹǸɢңطG̫ӸǰΪʱ̫λȻԼĶүܻеϣ͸ľЩԶˡ
ˡ
̶̼ʮ꣬ңҲûʲôס
µüۣԽԽϲ
̲ס˼ڣˣô࣬ж
죬ЩͲˡ
ϼȣͼСŮȣһʣôôȣ͸Сϴ͸С飬ſɿɰġ
Ҫꡣȵģûһ硣
Ͽ죬̫ܴ󣬲Ҫӡ
ͳȥ˿ɫָ㣬ƶꡣ
ϣ
С˵ôƶҪǲ꣬ѿġ
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Ӱҹͺ¡¡Ĵ
£򿪴ȥͼžµ
ꣿǡ
⺢ˡ
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δ˯ѴɳƵĵͳɤ϶𣬺ڶϣ΢顣
˯˵
طGѳѾ˯ˡ
ϱתͷ΢ĵƹ⿴ľˣһˣĿǳ
Ŵ۾˯
ȺѴڰϵСȸժںãСĹӿһ·ԼҪѴ˳ѡ
˭֪һֻʵı۰ڻ۾ȥͼ˯úܳİˡ
͹СЦˡ
˷ǲľ顣
һزۣزٱ˰ɡ
һطGˡ
ﻹ§ǻع飬ֳǸЦİꡣ
͹ԹԵԼţˣ͹̵Цѽ
ڣЦΣһҹδˡ
ٺ٣롣
Сߵ
˵ЦţطGһۣүȥϳ
Ӱʧſڣ͵СЦʣҪ
͵ͷ
ָֻһڼһȥĻûôġ
ˣ֪ʲô
湻ˡ
ֺǺǵԹԵϴţűԼС͹ȥ
귨ԶԶľͿʼ
߽ˣͼںһŮ塣
귨ţҪҪתߡ
ͳ֣ʾ壬һ߻㿴ΧôԷӰϣռΧӣˣ֮Ӯˡ
Ϳ֣ԹԵͷš
ú˼
ʱҪ壬ôߡ
˾һһ̣ιιʶܶ࣬֡
˭ѽʡ
´μҲ֪ôк
һԭɸǰźĹŮء
Ͷʱɵϣһֵϧ
ͬزۡ
ǵˡ
Żͦ˼ġ
ǻ귨Ҫꡭգգ۾˵꣬С;ͱסˡ
׼˵üԡ
;סԼСͣԹԵͷ
˵˵϶˵
ҲúõĻȥô˵ԼزֲĻ
ȥ˰ڣŻСƨɣٺ˵ƨɿ
ô£Ϊȷʵ仰˵Щϡ
˵ʵˡ
ڻ˵˵䣬Ҫ˵黰Ӳų죬֪
͹ԹԵͷ֪
ȴԽԽǲȥڡ
ͣ
Ӳܻ֮飬ȴûЩ˸Щ
ԹԵĹλ
طGӵʱ򣬵һûƼԼ̣ʸ밲˵λˡ
طGպԭίüͷ෣Щ
η
ܶĸ
ǿ᲻ˣͽϽߣʡŷ
طGȥ˰ݣŴߡ
˵ˡͳŲײĲü
͹ۣ˵ʲôĶûˣֻԹԵ˵ˣ걧Ҫꡣ
ȡ߱ˣñ˰Լߡ
ô˵ţɵһ̾
طGһ
СģرƯĹ
㻳ССһ硣
ÿÿˣˣֻҪͻࡣҹ˯ţҲܰ˯
ĻԺͼͦŴӣСŮţԺ߶
̫ҽ˵߶දʱ
Ͻ͡
ۣһͺ䤱ȴԾɹԹԵš
͡
ûˣһţ϶ѹˡ
Ҫǰ㡣
طGѺͷ£ǰȥϣĬĬĴǰɢ
һˣЪЪɡҲϽȰ
طGû˵ֻǾسصӣںѰ̥帺һձһء
Ȼϰġ
վſż⣬ŴЬࡣ
йŮ̺ܼǣǻкܶ޷ܡ
ƤųۣǼƤģǺº͵ģгһĶӻһɫϡ
ү¡üӯӯطG˹ظͣŬİĦɡ
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С̨ʣطG΢ɣȴʲôһүڡ
ѹ
֪ԼҸ
Լӣһô죿
;ñ΢Ľ
ô̹ȻĳڶԷǰ
طG
үΪ㵣ӣ㵣Ļӣᡣ
һ̾ôҪС˼
ߡԸ˵ˡ
ͲɵЦˣչ̵㲻ỨƤģ㻨Ҳûϵ̵ѫ£ҪǰˣרŸ껭ÿһƶʷϳͷ񡣡
طG
һЦˣʱеСǳطGüۣЩ󲻳Сͷӡ
Ҹ㻭ͽ˱īֽ⣬˵־Ͷ֡
϶˲طGĨͣչ֡
ͦ񣿡
Ŀɿڴ
ͽһЦΪʷϵӺӣ侲ı㡣
طG
ǿ־ͺá
ͽźˣӱȽСں󻳣϶ۼҵʱ򣬲͸ɸɾ𣿡
˵ˣʲôǶûˣĵüۺطGߣľͷ
طG
᲻ԼĸһקסܵĺͣüдӣСͦ˵
ͿһԵĶ۸ҡ
оȱš
ϾЦȲˡ
ЦţܿɫˣԽūŰţͶˣСӻĺ
ţ;飬˵ҪҪȥϷۣû
Сɲ¶ǣͳ۽У
ͷԵĸʫЦеò
;úܺӡ
طGæĽͷöԼ˸ò£ϹæԹԱһߣʱҲ֪ܶƽﲻ֪Ķ
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һ
طGȥɿһҲ͵ͷɣʮ壬һۿɡ
Ŷͻ
طGɫʣʮأ
طGĬˡ
͵СԴ㲻С
͹ԹԵͷطGй¶ƣ˫ĺ壺꣬Իģż귨ﶦʢֵ׳꣬һжڻ귨ء
طG˼ﭹСţǸӡ
ͼ̵Ĳϵ⣬ŴߴߴСĺˣҪ񣬿ɵ鲻ء


62 
С͸, پ¾ףѩɰƯһͿ, Сȥ˿䡣
ε, С, ̡
Ͷʱ˷ܵԼСָ, 
ҡҷطGͶ߲½Ӱǽ޳Ĵ, ͺССӡһ
ϵһ겻䡫
˭˭ĸ
طG
ԭˣ˵񣬾ͱƱ任ǶȣֱӴཱུСƨɵϡ
͹С, ȥԼ޿, ˡ
³Ļ, ׵ָСԴ, Цô򡣡
ҲҪġ
ϣ͵͵ӡ
òһ̡
϶ʱúЦطGһۣʾ塣
طG˳ƹһ죬˶ڻź͵Сƨ, ˡ
;˾Сƨɣû£ĲۡĻͦͦϲ
طGʱһơ
еۡ
ԼСƨɣϻﹰ˹С𣺡㲻Ž۸̡
ЦǶҲ۸̡
˵С֣ƨɵġ
ͣ
ֻ˵ˡ
ݡ
ˡ
طGĻſο˭֪ҷ֣Ҫһ㡣
ҡ£ֱƽϣ̾ӼѰ
طG

죬ùź󣬾͸Ϻȥϴ˯
˯ˣطGտ˾ƣˮȣ£¹ԣ졣
Խˣ񸮿ɸ㱸ˣطGһھƣѯʡ
ǰЩǲ˹ˣѡģʰסںԺͷнӴˡӣ΢Цء
ڹŹشת£ȻҪϾȥˣһ˹䣬ж
طGͷţض˰Ȼǡ
Сǰƣ⿾Ĳԡ
ɹŸϹһǧó˹ȻЩʧЩζױȾóЩ
ΪүҲŵֻɱһֻԣȻ㡣
ѺҲԣϳɵ
أԵӻšطGԥĻء
ϵ᲻ðֻú˺üţóԵĲˡ
Զʳ㡣һˮЦ
طGͷ˿š
΢ӯ»гֳһָ߽Ĺӯӯü۸ǲ١
طG˹᣺ô
ȵڶ糿СӣһɵĿԼԹʣǳˣ
治ɫôᱳ̳ԺóԵģ
طGһ򶨵ĵͷ
ǻᡣ
͹ԹԼСѣյΪһȦûŵʲôζΪȷʵԼˡ
ȿżʱָŵһ̿ʣʲô
ͦСӣעӵУʱӴһŵĺʲôˣϽ
û°ɣʲôСţʱһɶ
طGҲһǹŪˣŷ
ͦأȥֵ
ӻӣǵҡֺǺǵıġ
С̡ڵ
;ԿǣС˵ģ˳ҲС
ĵռǾֻ˳ҲӰĶ
ԣʱһЦ͵СֻСһɰ
æȥˣ;Ϳֵ԰ǧûվЩ㣬Ŷܵǲѹһ仰û˵ʲôϲ
ܵ棬ͳ
ôһ룬ܵöԡ
һֲ𽱵Ŀ֡
̵İСԴ԰ıժժķǳ֡
԰Ḷܻ́ľС̫ƼʱŵĻ겻壬ٵܽԺ״ȥˡ
ȥƣʮ仨оŶ䶼ժˣʵĲӡС̫ŵСףô໨ľ⣬Ҫˡ
أȥոͷĵˣΪһ㻨ƽϲɡ
С̫ɿָϽܻȥź
ȴѾժˣѻڳƯĻȻ˱Żȥʲôף˱Ȼ
úúáϰѻڴǰҲоˣȷգЩήʱ͵ɣЩԭȥͺá
⻹Ǻ͸˵ķӣһԹȻõĽϧİ֮ǰĻŵȵʱ򣬶ȻҪרŪʢš
͸껨ǰԺȥˣʵǲ࿴ҲǺõġ
Ŵ紵дУһð
ǰȶһİƤèȫϵƱȣָ׾ԵЩ
Ȱϸ۵СͣǿжסҪһڵؿ
ǰЩյĺڰУİһĳԵ
ζ϶ˡ
Ȼϲζ
ģϣȴɲܳԣֻһһţһһţŪһѣͽūСȥ
ԲģǾͳģҲǼõġ
ôһ룬ָ
ת䣬ͼſڴ̤߽һ꣬ķʣ緢·硣
ʮ壡̵Ļ
ط_۽ڣҲЦ֣Ŵֵ㰢أ
ҡͷʾ֪
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ط_ҡͷרѰģһ档
㿴ĺϲ̵Ŀڡ
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㰢겻𣿡ʡ
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㲻ϲ𣿡װ׵ཱུļֱɰˡ
Զ㡣˵
̵ŶһЩźķŻԼĲϱЦŵǶ㣬Ұ㡣
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˷ܵͷҪʮ帮ȥܶЩ򡣱Ͼ갮ӣϽǰ
ĺ
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ҪĸΧﶼһġ
ͿǺ«ԣҲԣǽ÷ձҲ볢
һ·ط_üͷһţСӳԵԲ
̹ͦԲСظԼ⣬Űֲʲôүˡ
ط_ǰһֺõͿԼĺɰݸͣ⻰Сү˵ŶԣСүܵ㻨Ǯȫˡ
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кüͨϰһĻˡ
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ط_
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ط_ĵСϻӣװǮ
ŬŬ죬ʾԼ򿪿
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ط_ҺͣȴҺĸ磬һ̾ǮվǵԼ
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δɻ飬ҲǸطA棬棬ﱻСãײӴʵȨ
ʵȨȻҲТ
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֪Ҳûʲô취
ͰǮϻǰƣЦŵá
ط_ҡͷĲ磬Ҫúӵ㻨Ǯʲôӡ
ˣһ죬СүڸǮƣ㻨ºԸ
ֻҪʮһ̳Ұ˾Уʮࡣ˵
ط_ʱжĲˣôọ̃϶Ṽˡ
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͵ͷʮȥһȦЩˡ
ҪţطGʡ
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˶һۣĸʣͻˣطGҡͷ
ŹԱҹﴵ˷磬ЩͷۣͻЪЪ
ҪǣطӻϵҲһ㣬ʱվһ𣬾˵
رǰ˸ϲͣţѾ̽ǲǸүߵý
ЩԴ˵˼Զһ㡣
ϲ֪ЩΣܿүȷʵ²̫ߡ
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ʡ
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գԹԵͷ͹ˡ
˵ҪʼãطG룬˰ѴŽգ˵ղֻͣԼԡ
óԣŵΰͣ۶֭ɿڣóء;ò
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СЩ棺㻹
͵ͷ
ѧѧطG
ϱźʹ˴طG̿ʱѹôԼҺʲô㻹֪ܲ
طGһ
иٹ̵ϸЩѾܲס
յܹһ˽طGСɰ쿴Ļÿ
ɫ䡣
طGСɰ̬һѹģ
޴Ŀգգ۾ذĻǽ԰ҹʱ򣬴ӵϼġ
ˣóҲжʧ˼ɫЩԣŴСֲ˵
طGС԰ףʢѺɰȥˣ
ҡͷˣ鶼ȥˡ
ŵ˹ϵζ
ôôˣʡ
ŬƽϢɫЩԹӣѹҪӻ˵𡭡
ͰСʡ
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үǸصˣȻ˷ˣȴ¾ӲϽԽȥ
լһӦԺȴѴȨƽͣҲǽδѩ̿
ྴ֪Լү۵ġ

Ҷˡ
Ҳ˰ЩСǸŮСүһ󣬱ү곤ôЩꡣ
£ȴŮ֮飬ںլүһеСģһջռүġ
ϲںޣֻҪ֮λλСģͻСˡ
š
˺լĵǲͻؼңѰ£ճͱ˰ˡ
˵ܾˣСĵ߳һͷʯϣˡ
û֪·ߡ
ŵġ
ﴫķз˵СģѰ˻䣬ĬĬŪ
ٿĪ硣
˵ۼģֱǺͷϵʭӣš
Լֵ֪
ʼҴδ֮˵úõܳߵλٻУǵȥլˡ
з˲ɡ
ֻҪһǸүͻΪĲŽеӡ
ǵȻҲүģŻüʱίķĳ֡
ƽĿˡ
ͣ
ԣСģȻͱһľͷˣһ仰ΪԼ⣿̾Ϊֹ
ཱུСЦֲɵ
ˣȴò֤ݡ
һ˵ǶԵò԰
ʱү˲£Ͳ飬ٽլЩ飬һڶҲûпڱ粵Ļᡣ
ӴˣûᣬүûʣӾϡͿĹȥˡ
̲ģϰˡ
ţү֮ϵĺȴʼոһ㡣
ľСġ
һ
ǸغĹ
طGһֱţԼӨ׵ָףµʱ򣬵ȻڣүȻġ
Ϳֿ꣬
°͵СıȰֶ԰˽飬լʲôⲻ
졣
ΪүװľǺĽ㡣
Ľ;öˡ
ϧ磬ȴվǸˡ
ͣ
꾹Ȼˣ¡
طG
СӺ˵ʲôѵ⡣
ȴһ㶼£Сü۵ʹطGһʣ꣬㵱ϲСģ
طGҡͷһϡ
ϲүϲǸ
ر𺩡
ϣ
˵
үޣϦ飬׺ү꣬ܶȥɩͱͷԹĴү
ϣ
ⷬ߸ô֪߳
үСı˵ҪĳһʢĳƼˣ͹򶨵߿
ͳдԵҲϼԹ
ϣ
С˵ˡ
үҲǸˡ
Ϊү˵õӡ
طG͵Сˣֱл
ͣ
ᵽߵĺúõıһʲôоˡ
Сκ죬գգ۾̲ס
طGһ̾˵ҪСĳҸ÷ңү˵һҹû˯š
ͷһᵽʲô˯ҲЦѡ
үشСӿˡ
ǺСͷ˵硣ȴţִֵĵ׿˵
Ľվ
ȥѰ˵춼ſˣȴʲôû˵
ӯڽޣ޵Ĳѣ㲻ȥʦģ
طGһҭ˭Ͱ͵ȥʡ
ӣ˵Ķԣ־Щ꣬Щҹʲô
طG̯֡
Ҳ֪
Ǹж̾ѣۺú˵Ҫԡ
벻Ͷô侲ӣҲֳ
أͻȻЩԾ鷿ȥԼҰǸûʲô
㣬ûٿү
طGģȴҲûɣǸտʼ
ǿģⳤġ
ҲۣҲܡ
ͣ
ԺˣôôĮʾǳ⡣
طGֻ̯֣ԵڴɽС
һ߿һһ߻ҪЦæĲˡ
Ϳ۾ӣͻȻΣкأݵᡣҪס̲ˡ
Ϸܵͷ
طGɫӣΪϲˣΨϲҡ
طGյһڣɫʣγԣ
ԼϲỼûʧ
ȣʵ㣬ѣдһֺ֡΢뷨Լǽë
طG
ʱЩֵ뷨졣
ʱӣཹཱུˡ
㣡ʲôˣϽһԣҪ᲻
㣡סڵĿޡ
ϻҪ˵ʲôطG֣š
Ѿȥ£ȥɡ
ȥᣬʵûʲô˼
ЩЩĽ˵Զ˼ĵز
ͳԵĻ죬пմк
ԣԡ̸˵ˣӰ⡣
ЦˣȻһֱĶͻȻԵ޹ؽҪ
ллү֪Ǳġü͡
طG˿СŸԣĵģİضϣ갮ھͲˡ
϶ʱɫ
˵ʲô
Ҳźüпԣڵˣš
Ϻ͸գ;ͰСԴСҡͷԵһͷᣬˮʤĽߡ
־Ħʫڴ˴رӦ
طGף˵ʲôš
װû
ϾЦźϽԡ
ŵʱڵӣʲôȹһʱ϶ʱˡ
Ӧ˵ʲô
˻
ˣ
Ψһܾĺ·ˣȥ鷿ԼĲϱιɣҶȥˡ
ʣطG˹ķ顣
ȥͼԾһصĹԡ
ǣҲʵƯĽ˺һڡ
΢΢ĺᡣ
Ҫڿʲô
ǿƿƽЦŭˣͻȻӣɵš
ȡ
ɤӡ
ϻүϲ衣
طGЦЦЩ£ٿ
ȡɤӡ
ϵü˳۵硣Ҫ룬ԼҪĵʲô

šӦ¡
֮䣬һʱֻʣ¾Ĭ
ү˵ҲͿˣΣúõıȫԼүڣֻ֪⸮κ˶ûҪ͡
طGͳ
̤żĺͣ
ЩҲ˵ôס
ͷͶȻǱҪģкܶຢӣȴֻһ͡
طG㡣
æû8еĸǰ˵ףﰲȻ֪ô顣
ڣҲҲˡ
طG˵꣬˵Լȥ鷿æһԼ档
㰢꣬ҪæĲˡ˵
СԴüȶ󷽣
ɫӵĵͷ
СĺɰԳһЦ˵ϲϲģ侲Ҳġ
ż⣬ϵ֣ȶӳ󣬻һȫ
úúã̳󡣡Цеء
Ƭ̣żϣƬ̣ͻȻöǴϻͨ͸
ӣζȹʧȥӵҹҹ
Щˡ
úõĻ
ͣϴ˯ˡϺ
ӦһݾͿʼ·ֺǺǵ㿴СǶǲԲˡ
ס䣬ЦʲôѣСå𣿡
ͦԲСӣåȡ
ѶǶϡһɫĶǶͷƯСӡ
͹ԹԵĴϣԼСƨɣڴϷͷ˻ҿԲ˯𣿡
һӵĹϣʣ˯š
һۣף㣬˯žʹСƨɡ
ȴ򣬴Ļ죬һһߴҲС͹ԹԵͷŴԼСƨɡ
һ㶼š
껹пܰˣǶᡣ
ûС
Ĳࡣ
һҭûôȡֵҪ
üëӴ𣿡Цеʡ
һµ⿴ǿ϶С
̰


63 
۾һ, ˯ˡ
ڳԹϡ
ϼ˯˯ԼЦЦɵҲЦ, ŴŴС, ǼžլΨһľꡣ
ϲ
˯𣬴΢΢رɰ
ͷ¡¡СŮ·ȳȥž
ͱѣſڴǰ涹㡣
ͷϣɡ𣿡
˶һ, ⿴֪, Ȼû, Ͼĵ, , ˵´´ˡ
ȥΣǽӲ
ȥꡣ˵
ܶȽȡֵҪ, Ψȡ֡
ȥɡˡ
СǶ, Ҫ顣
˭ֱ֪ӳȥӲͬ
Ь, ˣͷȥ, С֣ʪˣԼյܻ, رɡ
ϣ
вһΪֱյĵ壬Ȼٱܻ
, СԴڵСֲɵ
ʲôʲô˭
Ϸܵͷ
ԶԶԣ㲻ɵ˵
˵ţͼͷɡˣ죬ЦеŮˣŻƣûҪæġ
ཱུСԲ٣ͷЩأ۲ѧЩʲôҪݣҪ
ԹԵͷնЩöȥҶŬԵСԲԲ
ô˵СӣͷȺʹ꣬˵ҲǸӣƽﲻ㶮¡
ԹԵͷסͱС֣üͷ
;˵ԼȥˣеҲ¡
˵ŻںߣСС£Ҹ𣿡
ŴĴ۾ǳȴҲŬĸ׼òѽ
۰Ͱ͵Ŀ
ס֣һЦã
ԡ
ʱȸԾ£ֹ£ССҿ鿴˶񣬵ҴδչۣŸҪ󡣡
ŬĽ͡
Сһӣ벻ҽ㣬˭
ôһ˵Ҳе
ӯڽޣȻԼװɴģȴҲůʱ򣬺ۿ
ǰСԴʲôġ
ҪӣǸһһլͷţ΢࿴Ƭ̣Ͼ͸һҪӡ
ֲǲ˺
Լү˵ҪտŴ񣬶ȻҪһǻúõĶԴ
ףŮӼѣʼҸѣǱ£ǿҪɵģֻһ񣬵ء
ֱļ𻨣ʱǲ˵
ϰֲ⣬ԼŮ쵱ԼǸˡͷ΢̣Ȼͻ֣ᷢ
ϾģطGǰʱӲԼŮˡ
죬;
ɫãȻĿŮŮж̬
˵ӣɲ˵˼룬£ϸ۲죬иܺõĲǾ㰢ֵܣ
˶ġ
һ̶ȵαװ
ʹչСЦеôƯ֪ҪԵꡣ
ϣ
ס͵С죬üϡ
ʱɲʲôԵˣҪر֣үͻǣûôĻڡ
;СͣŬҪԣǱסͲ˵˦˦ͷЦеԽ㲻ҪţܴϾǡ
һԵĴգԹԵĵͷС˵ģһԵĸնллҸܵ۵ζ
˵ѵոǲҡģЩ˵Լû
֪ıɶŮǱԺСŮ
նЩϿΣ˵֮Ƕǣֶ֣֮׷ۺϣ˵һ̲Ÿء
ʱȥһԴʲôӡ
ĺȥߡ
ཱུС°ͣСһӣرȵʱҴȥ
ڿǰó裬Կεӣϴ񣬵Ҳá
۾˲ˡ
ͷ̵ҡ
䣬ֱϸЦŵŶԣŮӣҪʱġ
͹ԹԵͷ ã𡣡
Сر
ĺϲ£죬˵Ĳˡ
˶һ¸ЦʧЦҡͷЩԶԡ
ȥЩȥϴȥ
˵ȻżСζ̲סͷЩˣ˫̲סߺ˫ա
ԶĶ
ϾСԴЦŵԾܳԾǡ
ͲɵЦˡ
Զʼĳŵģ˺ܶ࣬ˡԼųԡ
ϿǳԵ㣬ҲŹڡ
ЦţͼطGʩʩȻ߽ڵҲڡ
Ů밲ʱˡ
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¡
ϿطGʪ͸۽ǣϽȥѴһ۵ūôźģôܳ
үҪԭȥ𴦣ȴŸϵĸֱӻˡ
һʱӯڽޣЩε´αҪ
طGĵصͷ
ɫģûзϵĸо
ǣŴ֣һȥ棬ССȥܻء
һܣġ
ߣȥ˵
һ԰ȥ˵˵ЦЦǰߣµζź
յǰܣֺǺǵɺˡ
ȻߵˣǰĳǱ³˷һƬ䡣ԵСҲԶˡ
ء޲ðͷޡ
ʱ޴룬СϽ壺̲޲ޡ
ЩܸοеʹѵСǱ棬ͱ䣬ʲôǡ
ӡޡ
˳յĻء
һԺһɣһ̾
ĶȻûˡ޲һʵܵ
ȥȻ󱣹ܺáϸϽοʵԺ˵ҪĸǳǱΪ˰ιģûü档
˵ţطGִæ뿪̬رÿ
˰ΣҲѧ·ƣЦŵ㿴ѧ񣿡
ϼѧر
̲סЦ
ԹĴָ
Цţͷ˵ǰ˸ˡ
ɫܺá
͵ȣŸĺÿɫãüͣһõˬʸУʧЩ
ƯƯˡ̵Ŀ䡣
˸ɵЦˣֳԾԸǵĿôܲ˵氮
ɰ̡ɵЦ
˴һֵĲˣЦŵҸ˵ڰҲѩɰġ
˻വһʺƨ¶ûۿı飬ε𻥿ˡ
ôܿô
ɩҲò绨޽СЦĿ䡣
ºȲ裬ŰѵϸǰƣڣڸЪϢĺã³ʲô
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Ļţﲻ̹ɽ8̫ҽƹˣ˵ʱһ
¶ϵ֣Ҳ֪ҼλЩϴæĸʲôһһա
ǰͷ⼸磬Ƕ̩ɽδֻϰ˼ĸֻһһ
үﶦʢֲ财ȹ̺ҼүǴҪҵƫŵ£Ҳ֪
Ҳ֪ö˶ڿЦҲûӣȰ˵䣬ֵƲ˵һս֪ı¡
۰Ͱ͵ĿϣܲܽүȰȰҼүʲôҲδɣôŵ㡣
ģһǿݣԼǿݹǡ
֣᣺㶼Բż𣿡
϶ʱ˵ˡ
˵Ķԡ
һŮ֮ܿĶƫƫԼүףԼεĺܺãȻ˰ܵı춼ߡ
˵֪𣿡ϳŵĲˡ
ڰӣһСѣͷڹϸǰĵһЦרŸƯģԡ
ץһѳԡ
˸ӳԣһַǳҸĸоྐྵӵʱ򣬲Ӹˡ
˼Ҳ֪ˡüġ
֣ⶼǸ˼ҵһЩС²⣬үȻүǵĵ
ο
˶һۣӶԷпΡ
ҪģǲҪ˼ǣ̥Ѻǡ
ϿĶӣԼĴӣεˡ
üëҪˡ
ϵͷô룬ү⣬Ҫȥˣһ˵˸ͺȲ裬Ƕķɿ죬˵ǵҡ
ϲ׸֮ˡ
ˣɡǶ˸ݡ
ۼ֤ݵϣ
ƲǳĶСģҲ̫ˡ
ͼȰ
ϵͷһԵĺͣʣΪء
ʵĿġ
ܳ裬үź֪ϢԶһ˶ࡣ
ңĹӣЦе˵ڳ嵽ǰ˵Ҫ֮λ᲻ң
ݣɫӸԭ֪û뾹Ȼ
Ҳòȡ𣿡̽ʡ
ྐྵԼԣʲôȡȡȫ벻뵱ӡ
ԽˣԽûס
Ҳ֪ľˡ
ҲЩ죬Ӧֱֵ̫ʱ򣬻ԶԶֲ˱ճͷ
мȻи˴б䡣
ʱǻǳߵʱǳǻʻŽһͣÿֻ֣ľս
ͳͷ£طGˣѹȥˣ
طGһ̲סüԣǰ⵹ͼǸ󳼻ǵ𣿾
°͡
˵ͼҪû˼Ҳã˵Ц˾ˡ
ҶˡԥƬ̣ŵܾȰ𣿡
޷Ա̸Ͼȱˡ
ȨƶʲôľߵʲôķչǶԵġ
͹ԹԵ곤Щ׳ֳŵģǰԲˡ
طG§§ŵͷˡ
˱ȡ
ͲţԼûô
û
ҲǰЦеȷʵǳ˲٣Խˡ
طGڵ˵ĸ˵£һת뿪
鷿˿ʼ飬ϵʱüͷҪӵĶࡣ
ȷʵǳӳ⣬ֱԾƶٳͷһ̫ӽó٣ҲŰʱվˣ˼˽壬ȻҪĳ
ѡܶԴ󰢸в
մϻ۹ˣȥˣİа֮ƣ١ҡǿᣬȻι
屴ա߱գ֮ƣºͲӲ硣
ʣµģ߾ۼС磬ʵС˰ǵ¡
Բõѡ
طG˳˺󣬺ݺݵһ鷢չֵز˭Ҳܸۻ
űӣݺݵĺ˿衣
佾ꡣ
źͷŵ֣Ǻһһдµġ
طG侲Ƭ̣۾ʱѾޱ顣
صԺͼСŽڰӣ߷ŸСӣѾ˴ޡ
үԹӡһһ
ŶӦһţСҲرˣԭͲǸġ
ЩˣͱŲӣյ·ˣҪͽ귨ԡ
طG
ɫӵĿȥıӰ
˭Ķӡ
Ŷġ
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㻹ʱգ㻹ŭƣ
һãȻĿ˿ǰһסСӣС򣬿һԵ̫ӣض˵
ͣ
ʹ˭Źֲֿġ
̫ӹڵϣִ˼ſ̣꣬ʲôûˡ
ʧͼУѾȥ˱۰ʵ¿Ŷ࿴СۣҲݲ¡
Ǵ崢һΪ𢳯֮ϣﻹд˵֮¡һһѾ
̫֣ʵܣڵϿ˸ͷתˡ
̫ˣҲ֧ⲻˣ˲СôͻȻˡ
ʡ
;ԼһֱŵĲޣǰ˾٣ҸĹʣһӣΪˡ
ɫӸӡ
һҲҪ̣һԸҲҪС̵̫ӡ
ȥ껹úõģôͻȻͱˡ
򿪴źµĲӣĳŹӡ
̧䣬ɫָֻ
귨ǹԱŶ;Сͺ
¹꣬ٳ̫˼ȡ
ͱǼ߳ϸĺˮ
˲ʣἱҪ㰢֮λ𣿡
СԴ귨Ҫ֮λҪ֮λ¡
һֱüͷ˲ɿҪȻô˵СӿĽǶȱȽϵ꣬һӾ뵽δ뵽ĽǶȥ
֪ˡ˵
Ѻͱţִʣӡ
һҲſſž;ǰֳ˹ƮƮΣڿϣ˯ˡ
ͣ㿴⡭δ˵꣬һͷͶ񾲵˯աѹС֪˯
ĻСӿԵġ
ŵİѺͷϣñӸǺãֻӡϵζţܵƳζȻѬ㡣
Ⱥ˯ѣЩϦ֪ϦǵĿˮӱ﷦Ĵ治˯ˡ
ˣ
աӦһԼߵǰСӣ귨
ǶǶǶԶˡ
ɵЦԸŹȥҪʳһߵȥˡ
ŹͽиȽС̫ȥ
ȵıð
ۣջ֡;̵̾ĳһڣʲôóԡ
Եĺǻ졣
귨ҲԡԶʳÿӼһι
úúáҲһһڣԵرɣǿϲ
ȳģֱֵֶֶĺ̡
ԵСǶԲסڡ
귨ҪؼǸ͹ʵģ͵ˣҾ͸ˡ˵
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ڵĵطһдϢ֮
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طǰǣסС֣ô͹ȥ˵ģƼˡ
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ԼС
ط۵Ŀ̫ˣܹںǰж磬ͲС
Ƽ;ûӲ
͸˼䣬ĸȥȻԺּڿ˱
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᲻úѹ
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Ҳ⺢ǾݣʱʷУôŶͦá
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ͶſڣССһţڿϰңر˼۲˰Σܻȥ˸Ⱥ
ڿҿҵİ˳Զ;øСٰ֦ѵмŪߡ
ϣ
ôһء
϶ˣΪǿǰһξٲŪһԡ
Ĺ۲ϵķֹú˼
ϣ
˰ϣ⿴˰κϡ
ס
鲻飿ôţֵݸһͦ뿴ġ
ͣ
ҲЩס
ֿʼŪϡ
طGͼǽǣַǽ۾Ŀŵء
߹һ
Ĭˡ
⺢Ӻɣǿͦġ
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ãȻ̧ͼԼˣʱһЦѽ
طGɫ࣬źͣ˼սˣ
͵ͷ
̫ӡطGеʣû˼ʡ
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طGȻ
͵СԴģ겻鷳ⲻǺ͵鷳Ҳ鷳
ǰס
ౡ
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طGڻ
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˵ССʱطG۾
˵

һЦཱུĸ첲ŰĲڣֿ˿
Ȼ󣿡طG
¿Ϸ𣿡ڴ


64 
طG
ѵҪ, 
ɣүƬ̡طG͵СԴ
աСӹԹԵͷ
طGƵ߳ȥˡ
Կǣ, ¿ҪʲôʽвɣȻߵȥ
ôأ̽ͷ濴
ҡͷûȻҲ֪
ʧˣΪԼΪӱ¿·, ԹԵſڴ, ͷ𽥱ڵɫ, ɵʧĹС
ӡ
Թ, ܰʲô°סˣҪƭ, ٸ, ˵Ӧˣòѽ͵СԴȰ
Щʧ䣬ˮĴ۾һȴǹԹԵͷá
ĶûûŶҪ⡣
˵ŻίͰ͵ľС͡
ԽˣжЩ׾, ǽڻĺ
Ȼ
ͣطGԳ
СһȥտżԭأҲס
ͼطGֶͣŸС̫, С̫๭ӣһֻСë¿
ڰëɫལź̬䡣˦СβҿʵǿɰĽ
ʹס
ûôȡֵҪ
Ѱռ˵ë¿ЩǶԱո˵ë¿ûС
ͳֻ˵֡
Ͷʱ˵Ĳˡ
ȥطGСë¿ϣֵĺŸ裺һͷСë¿ҴҲ
طG̴ǣ˺һһźʹӸտʼսսķǳ֣ɵҲЦˡ
ĺܿɰ
ϲ¶ֵֿı顣
үСë¿ȥˣ
š
طGͷ
ȷʵ
ŴЦЦżȥԺ̫ˣ죬ãýմմǡ
ƼĶطG֪ҪʲôζĿһۣӹеĽ
ɻУýմմǡ
ϣ
õĵطùģ
ٿغ
ȥطGԷȴڣֻ¶׵һǡ
ѾϰôСë¿ǰСԴ̵˼
ϲСë¿
طGƳһۣ㲻ϲʲô
ÿÿŪϲˡ
һʱϸ룬ûʲôϲġ
һ;᲻Сë¿ۣǣתȦȦιӳԡ
طG
ô᲻ãô
⻰ĺǰһ̵Ա𣿡
ǰȥ§˺üζûë¿Сʵʳ֣ᡣ
ϡŽС̫ǣȥ
ԹԵߵطGǰǣطG̵֣갢ðѽ
İ
һСҪʱ㡣
طGСԴû˵һЩΪԼĻ
һ߽ңͰŰС̵Һ˵뵽һǳķӡ
طG
ϣ
ʲô
ж͸¶Щɻ
СֲһһǣһǣҳŶװ꣬Ű׶Ǿ˵ⷨ𡣡
طGЦү֪ĳƨҪġ
ͣ
ǲ治
ߣˡСƨɵתܡ
ϲҡͷЦطGЦʱƼĽʱСһ죬򶨵뿪ˡ
طG
Ϊ˺帣翪æΣǰˣֱӲһ𣬶Ӷš
ǺҪճЩͷ˵ʲôܷɰȥ½ѣȥϳ֦ȻȥϿˡ
СԴССҪˣǸɫġ
ԣ㳤ͻˡܵ
ˣԹԵĵͷ
Ѻú̸ˣϵЩ飬˦ӣȥѰطG˵үѾæȥˡ
ȥǰͷˣ
Ϊǻ鷿ʡ
˭֪ɫ򴽣СظĻүȥȾˡ
̵Ŷһ
Ⱥյܳ겻ڣЩʧ䣬ȴǾֽɻֺǺǵչʾ￴
ɿ
Сʹһǰһֽͣɻƽȵǰȥ
ǻӣϾ̾ѡ
ֽԼɣˡ
һĵͷ
ԣ
ֽɻݸʾҪȶŻͷһӳȥ
ֻһ£ֽɻͷɳȥˡ
̾ΪֹϲСͷʣ𣿡
͵ͷ
˵ʮа˾žͻɹ
ȥ΢ӲһֽⶫԲ˼ͷˤˣŵö򼸸ţ׬Ǯͳˡ˵
νĵͷֽܰɻȥȻҸһͼֽͳɡ
ºܸߣҹսǵðͼֽɡ
ϼ˲ɵЩΣЦŵٻҲ١
ĵ죬Щȣȵ¶ˣͦġ
ͳС¶ͷСǶɫС񣬿ſɿɰſϣССһţ죬ڻģӡ
ߣĸȣ˵СԽԽϲûסס
ͣ
Ӧֱһڡ
ǲǸͿĿ֬ж
ŷӦһͰ͸С̲סЦˡ
ˮСϣӡ̺Ĵӡ
ȣûСһĺ˵˵
ˣֵͷ
طGæͼæҪǰƳߵĴӡ
طG
ȵЩ΢
ϻŷĳֵľ
Уűȥ
ỽ
Ϻ޲űӣͷ򴰻ͷŬĺʿ
طGڳ˼Ŵƣ
Ȼû˵ʾζŨ
һҪ̧ţͼ;Żֽյĳ˷ܵ˫ģͷϵСҲӵЩɢͷһһߡ
ͺˡ
ϵעʱˣͼֽ˿ʵ򵥵Ľ
ܷʡ
͵ͷ
һ棬϶Եġƶͷ
طGá
ʢѴ󰢸ȥ˯ˡʢͷʾϽȥ
ͣ

˯ôʲô
ʢ˾һϽͷȥ
ֻʣ·޶ˡ
ӣͻȻЩΣ
ͼطGյԽԽ
𪿡ϻëżľ
˫ִϣЩĲ̧ͷطGü۵ʹĿ
꣡

һͯ˦֡
طGüۼ̡
֨ѽƿ
½󣬾ͱһڡסɫطG֪ʵǺȵеࡣ
˷ֿѾת紩ֺǺǵ갢꣬˸㽲ҪСë¿ȥѧ
طGСë¿ٶȣ붼ľܾˡ
ȥ˯ס
̵ӦһѵСľ죬ֱڴм䣬˯ﰲ
طG
ϣ
ʵеСڴûˡ
Ƽͣƽ
رƽ
طG§ȥףͱϸˣүӴء
˶
Ŷ
̵Ӧһſ˰Σһ̾
ˣ˯סϵ򢣬ݺݵڡ
ڶգں͵ǿҪ£ԼСë¿ʩʩȻ幬ȥ
طGֵȣϳҪ˵ʱڵſڣҵ飬̤幬ȥˡ
ںͷҪǣԼСë¿ȥ
˶˵ʹãҲ
ǿ³ʱ׽һֻǣСë¿ǵС̡
⣿
ɡ
޵ģʡ
͸ϽҡͷǲǣǸ
Сë¿ͷЦеﰢ꣬͸ѰСë¿ˡ
Ȱ
ŴӺ߳طGСƨɵҪܿˡȻʱǰ۾ϰɣҪȻɿʵۡ
طG
̶ƬѾ˽ȥϣ˵Ҫ¿Ǹ¿û뵽һ磬Ϊû¿¿ʲôӣ͵¿
濪ˣ˵Ȱ
طĢ򢣬ӸµؿСһֻƣ
˵ʲôʡ
Ͳ֪ΪʲôܸܵԷʱֺõЦЦ
¶Ц
䡣
Цõı
粻˵
ԭɰɲᣬǷǰˡ
ž
Ȼ
İǺ
װӣŬȥĺ͡
ȣ޵Ļͦɰ
СίͰ͵ĺۿ֪ҿ޳СӺͮͮĿɰҪ
ٿһ
ȻͲ˲ᣬŬۺ󣺡ǰ꣬㵽¿ǲ¿
˵
ð¿ȵģϸᡣҴ򣬸ϽǰΧ
ˡ
ͻȻᣬסطGĴƣõİ꣬˭ҲȲϵġ
ôССίĿޣطGɫ˻ѹģͦϻۣʣͻȻ
͹ԹԵͷ
ﻹһᣬ͵Žż겻
طGﻹܸϽǰ밲ûԵ£ҪҪȥøʳҰҰ˵ģȥԸʣĵȥĵػأ֪
ͳʲôһֱӻ𹣣«ѿըС㡣
Ŀ⶯
Ƭ̣ȴҡͷ
귨û͵ļأڹͣҲҷ䡣
͸տ޹۽ëһһƵһ𣬿ֳ̣ÿˡŴŴĿ㣬޴ӵֵ
ԥƬ̣ͼ͵գ۹£סͷãȥ
طGǳǳЦˣʱա
һŵЦݣ΢ǵȥ궬빬˸ϵıûʲô
Ҳü͵ǳЦˡ
ˣȥ׼ɡ˵
طGͷѾ׼ˣ͵ǻȥʰ£Ϳˡ
߰ɡ
Щ̫ƽ£Щ밲ӣˡ
Ȼţ밲ˣ͵֡ĵ
طGȴд
֪ͻӣںﱲԶԶҪȶҪ޺Ķܷ࣬ĵİӸ
룬겻СȻӣȴ
طG
˿͵˺ȴû¡
طG˵ССͽӴЩãȻ̹Ȼ̬ȣ˵ʲôˡ
Ƭ̣װû
£ԼһӲ๡
طGĺȫ
ͳɡڵ
ϾעĿȻԽͨԽá
طGͷſԾͷ
ſڿϣֺǺǵ˷ܣ귨˯ҵСҪմ

ںˣü
С̿ЩɵӣǻͷС֡
ɡû¶ʧ
Ͷʱ˷ųԼ˵𣿵Ȼˡ
ͷƳһۺͣɷϵǣطGˡ
ܸܵˡ
Ƕ
š̲Ӧˡ
Ƽ򵥵ĳӣܱɢһȺűµ䱸Ÿϴγ̣ٳ⣬Ҫͷˡ
ҲЩš
꣬⳵мв㣬ͷռСˣίˡطGԶ衣
˹ĴŹǷһξ˯ﶼˮɡ
ÿϳ۾
⻬СЦŵѾܺˣѰСס⡣
һ¾˯ˡ
̵ŶһſĴ֣ԼཱུСȥȣͻ귨һ󣬵ʱͿǣŻ귨֣ʱұ㡣
δŻ귨ܵӣɵЦ
Сڱʲôƨü
ЦǷᡣ
ǿЦĶſЦе귨ס
ôлƨ
Ǻƨ
˶ԻطG¶Ҳ̶õı顣
Ҳ̫ˡ
ȻصıոϾͦſڵš
һӣü㸣ˣš
طGӣû˼˵ԼҪȵģ˵£
һϾ͹˷ЦݣطGڸﲻɵһ
ֻ˵ǷǳҪˡ
ЦǳЩһԡ
طGӦĴָԴʹתܿ졣
ͣȵʱѾȲ

ɤӺ
ϺһͣĿһԵͼ޳ָÿӣһˡ
ϱ죬밲
һ
ƷںͷϵȣʩʩȻԺȥ
һ·ߣһ·۲졣
ͥԺһ̶Ҳ˵ͥԺ̨ͤ¥СˮܶྫɵƣҰȤź⡣
ͦϲ
䡣
Ͷ˶֣ЦʣǰȥԷ
üụ́ûƨģ
ʡ
Ȼѳ԰͸ǣ̵
СԴűطGֹĸЦĸ᣺԰
ô˵Ͷʱ˷
ã˵
ЦеŹطϴֽźСϣȻ۾˯
طGѾ֪ʲô˼Ǻȴֻױ˼
Ȼ˾Ϳˣʡ
ǿЦ˯˾Ϳˡ
ʲôС
˲׹ϴϴ˯ɣʲôС
ߡС͡
ʱЦ
һ鷿ȥԥƬҪҪطGʹ˸ɫ
ǲڣֻүǣζͱˡǸ綼ڣǲ˵ʲôǼ硣
ϵͷ
һ鷿ȥԺѾں˳ͷŸɫʳģòСŮڴ
˿Щ죬ȴǹ밲ū澸ү밲򸣽𰲡
ü
Ϊ׵ĹŮϡЩ죬ȴ벻
꣬ǻʶǰŮŮüơطGϽܡ
ɫһʱЩ㱣ʹǺϲǰĴŮǲҲҪǰ̡Ůߣݡ
˸ܺúõĻŮһΪӣТܲʺûˣûҲ档
١һǲŵТˡ
񲻿Ȣޣ˵ίǰͷŮ
꼸ˣʡ
СŮЩ£ǷأүĻū澽ʮ塣
ʮ壬õɻˡ
һʣעתڹԪĺϣ
ͺٺЦ귨ԡ
Ԫļ滹Ƽ໨ꡣ
ú棬ŹԪŸѩһ˼
ִԲʱ귨ԡ̿ڡ
æ
طGϾһĿʼʻڱ˵װѣͰһ¶ڶұ¶ڶ
Ҳ⡣
¶ڶ©ǧٹ֡
ŬĴ򲹶ûãƹˤ
ɨһʻ͵ǵõӣȥ©ٳ޷
ȡɤӡ
ȥӣͺĿʲôڶ
ĵһ²ˡء
˾ֿʼͰ¶ڶʱ򣬿룬ڸ幬źȺȲ費á
ǵӷ룬ڴżζʱɵ㡣
ƣۼ˵ʱһЩ򵥵飬ʵ̫ˡ
Сӣһ㰡
ʳɢζʵ˲
ŵӵζ
㡣Сӡ

ū뵽ŸܳԵĶ
һ롣
طGüⲻʡ
üͷĻ޿ʡ
δӣôܳԡطGͼ
üƽƽԸ⡣
طG˹֣ƿԡ
ǰ꣬˵㡣
ͼ⣬ڿЦ޷ĳ˿⣬ʱ̵ˣ̵
һСԴôɵһ
ԡ
һ꣬Ӿˣһ򿪵ʱڣӵζȥԶ
۰Ͱ͵Ŀſ
һϸ̡
̵Լ
ǳĵĴÿӴһУͿʼֳ
ʳ룬ѾԵĶԲ
Ŀĳʳɵö̾пŴģȴֻиСӡ
ҪȻһ룬̹
ˣϸʳ
͹ԹԵͷ
Աˣ͸С۷һϺͿм䵽ܣһһǸвˣæĲˡ
ȰźóЩ㿴²˰ӣװ۵ģͷľ²ۣҧһǲڳ԰ӣǰѴԽ
ţǲǴζ
Цտ̵Сûסֳ˳Цٸһ
ôǹһƬ⡣
̳Բԣɵúĳһ١
Ϊ
ΪӾͲܳԡ

ͺݺݵ˶ͻ귨˳ԣȥ
ȡ
紵
طGɤӣؿ
һ޹ʣɤӲ𣿺ˮڵڿ󣬹ԹԵظ硣
طG
Ҳ֪ôˣÿ춼Щͣһûԣ;ȱʲô
ȡɤӡ
ͼúᡣ
˹ź͸ŵЦ㡣


65 
طG, ЦЦüǱΪӢͦü롭
ƨš
޽
ɵıܺõıطG׽, ˹Ƥ, ָǰͷǴ, ҲָǴͷ
ͿһԵĿͼѰ, ͼͷ, Цŵԡ
˲ˣֱӰá
طG
˫ڴ˫˲Σյ
С̣˵밤ᡣ
طGҭ޻˵ͺź֣ʾԼ, С󣬺Ц߻ˡ
ౡֱӾС
ѿĴЦֹ
طGü͵ĿˣܰѰĸ, Ҳ컯һ
ʻ, ɫЩԶ, ĳҲϲʻֻһʱ벻˭ˡ
ⳡᣬϯϵԱɷǳ, طGϡͺԵرˡ
źͰ¶ڶӣЦĺϲ£죺ƣָء
ҲŴչ
귨, ȻˣǱȻҪġ̵
طGʾԼ֪
ϾСӣ˭͸˭ܶڸ꣬Ҳ֪ôġ
㿴óһĴָССƿ˿
һ֪ˣʲôá
͵ǿģ
ʢëʣȻƿմմֽд֣һˮˣʲôˡ

ˣû
˶źæֽɸɾģǸȼɡ
ͼֽڻϻ˻ΣͼдˮΡ
ʱסˡ
ȻվӣСƿӣȵֶЩⶫ鱨һʧ
ǵǰһ𣿡˵
ͷ
ǰҪӣ˵Ҫһ󳵣Ҫܶܶ࣬ٿҪͰѸ幬ķ
һʱӳϡıոš
⣿ɡ
Ȼե֭
ţѾūͷź˵Ҳˡ
ЦеƤ¶رᡣ
Щأʡ
;ͽóͷЦеЩǰգϹ죬ֻҪ㲻ľܾö
ѹͷҲĵˡ

ҺŲóҪȻǼĳԲˡ
ⶫܷŰ£²⡣
ҡͷ
һҷŰ²ỵ
һģǵþԡڵ
Ҳ֪

лһ˵
ʹľѲƿЦе΢ˣͷȷʵûɶС
΢üû뵽ѧȤ
ѧãⲻͦã̵ĳһڹͷ
ǳɱ˵㡣Щϧ߹սʿຮܵùͷԣǼõģɱ̫ߣˡ
ͷˣȥϱ߿һĵأһƬ֣ڱϽҤղļţ
ʱɱɱȺͶˡ
۾һת۾ӵĶź֪ͣ룬׶ȻϻۣǽֵزҲ̲סӡ
һƿ׬ʮǮһͳɣҾͿǮͻδÿн䱸ȴòп̣ҺԼ̡
һ壿̫ˣ塣ѿۣһȥǶۡ
ν̯֣ṩ˼·ӣиˮˣַܱܾá
֣ʾǰһСôǲƨ
𾪣ƨ㣿
ͷ
šоһȱˣҲʳá
һҭ
ᵽطG飬۾в㰢㡣
طG
᲻Լ̡
ͣ
ôɣˡ
һֱ״̬ǰ˵̲ԣﲻ֪Щʲô֪ˡ
･Ժ٣ҵ̣ء
ü͵ĿźͣǿҪҪˣʵܵǣŮһڹŹϣ̤̤
ûˣöѹ
Щ롣
־˵ô룬ôùˣպþ¡
õġ
Ҳõġ
һӶߵ㡣ƿ¶ˣ˵Զˮȡоǹͷ⿷ʽ
˵Ĳˡ
طG͵ſڣļ磬û˵ʲôתˡ
Ƭ̣ԼҺΰӰͻȻ׹ӥǹǣΨǴ׵ĸ
ֶַ֮Ĵʽֻø߸ϵĵ¼ɣݺݵĴʼٸߡ
˵Ķԡ
طGڴů£һ亹ҲѪ꣬ס̬Ѿף紵ĺطGƮģٴγ
ģһһ߻ؼҡ
Ű˱ո׳Ҫ˵ûĳǶȻܡ
ɰ˱ոֻǵӡ
طGڴϣ˼̻̬˺ܶࡣ
˼»Բ
Ӻѧ˺ܶ࣬ÿ۵˵ܳĻΪĲ˵ʱ¶ɵЦ
ֳ費̬ȣܺõʾ
갢ꡫСطGãȻ̧ͼ߶СԼ
ſС첲갢걧
˵СԹʣ꣬ʲôݺ
ʡ
طGſڵĸ͵Сʲô뻻ǲɡ
ڵĳ۾ˣ˵ʲô
ͱС͡
⺢ӣ˵ЩӶᣬҪүѵһ١طGݡ
ͣ
˵治Ļ
èϲľĶˣô˵ĻͲܡ
üСֳཱུСĿ
˲ʲô߼޻
㡣СȥҲҪס
϶ʱˣһԵطGüͷְңô˵Ļǲˡ
һǲۻ軨
طGһ
ظתߡ
ͺһ𣬲۸ңùüëӴ򣿡
𣬾Ů˵ԼҴҪҪС˵ҲҴ
˶һۣЩ
ȻԺͼطG𵶵̫ʦϣ޳ָŵɫűز򴰻֦Ѿ
ȵĹ͸͸߲ӰݿŻ˫Ҳĳ
ͼ±ӣתϵķ顣ǰӣŷ飬궯ģĳ
ͣ
Ƿ鰡ľ㡣
طGƳһۣһ
ͣ
ҲߵߣĬĬظż򣬲û˵
ȥ͵;ǲǷʲôˣѡռ䣬ٹ̫ࡣ
ͿŸĸһû˵ȴ͸żֺгɵЦ
ʵͦ˼ġ
ԹٳǸ˵ƽҶûྴҲҪ޼䡣
ſϣཱུӣ˼㵽ʱûˣֻҪĸã⸹лиӣ϶߳İɡ
ͻȻи󵨵뷨
ǺأͦϲʯµСкҡͷԵıʫѵ˾;С͡
ϧ֪ǲܵġ
ŵĲȥ̧ԼཱུСطGԷֺõЦһЦҰһľ㡣
طGһҭ
СװͰ͵үСˣ̣һһ
ʹס
̵ĽëգգɵþСͣ§ݵĶ̵Ŀ䣺ڷЩԽÿˣɫ紺֮ܺÿ
֪ΪʲôôÿΪ㾭ᰢ꣬Ļ泩ˣԺ͸ӵˡ
СȰȵģ˵ˡ
طGһͨŽںǰǴӣСƨɵ
£ŷ飬Ҳһ١
ͺĲΣգطGﹰ˹ᣬһ¡
ôףжٻҲɢˡèڻ˳ıĺ
طG˻һ񣬾ͼͱ첲һ˯ˡ
ζСӣ˯ʱС飬ƨĲˡ
ཱུСֵָֻкüˡûס£üͷѣס֡
ү°ɣŹ۵ġѹ
طG˯ŵĺͷϣתһԵϣĸټͦĶϡ
𣿡ʡ
ϵͷرۣСӵʱ򣬻ȡ
Ķ
̣һȫԸΪܳܵĶ
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ˡ
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ӣͻȻСЦһ˶ƳͣͼЦĸ͵ͺȵСһ
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ȻЦҲ̲סЦǰЦĹС˾𡣡
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μԼص˴èʱڣûб͵ɣôɰС·Ҳñҧûط꣬ҲñĥҰԣҲñ޳
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û˵ٶӶġ
˵˵ţɫͰطGȥС̺ͽῪʼˡ
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֪ʷ, ʱ򲻾ۣٹһģҶһǾ֮ˡ
ȻĦ, иԼ뷨ôϻǺһƬܹ, úõš
ӨȻ˫ܾĻͷ˸תˣ˵Ļ, ЩҲ̶á
á˵
ͶʱҮһСһıı, ϲĲˡ
ȥȥֺǺǵıġ
, ڿЦݵʱ, ͻȻƽ
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طA
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ЦеĿæ
϶С¹áӵȣЩȽϳ˶ڴĿš
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һææ⣬ææʲô
üʲô
طӼˣɫЩĪС̫˵괫٣ɳ١
ˡ
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޹ıСԴ, ֺõЦ귨ۣ
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⻰Щ֪롣
èԼҶԲĴӣͼҪʱ档
϶Ҫø硣
ŴЦڶ˵𡭡
δ䣬ɫ䡣
šˮˣǼˡ
һ˳ȥ
˵ʲôͼ˸ˣ뿴Ŷ˵˵жమ
̰㣡
ĺðð
֪϶ﲻͻͷοû£Թȥ棬湻ٻء
ڴ˴ţ־塣
طG͵ͷҪŽԺͱŸƳˡ
үȥտ󰢸磬ۻ࣬˽Цۻ಻ָѪ˫ʧ֣ʱڷ޺г
طG򴽣ﵣǣȴġ
ڶԺſڡ
ͲߣطGҲ
ͰС꣬˵СܻܵСá
Ĳˡ
ܽ𰸣˷ܵĦȭƣ޲ȥڱϺŲźá
طGĬԡ
תеķ飬ͬƽյĲ죬תתͣͣǹǽ޳ָЩãȻ
꣬˵۲ѽ
꣬˵᲻ڿѽ
꣬ϵӣΪʲôҪôʹ

ͽżˣҲ֪ԼЩʲô
طGһƬ򶨣ȴǿãġ
ʱ˰ϲαš
ͣطGһŮ𣬾ͼ١ѹ첽Ƕ
ͱС죺¡
ҲǰٷְٵĳɹʣŴӣһСľһʬ
Ҫúõġ
١ѹСԴͲ²ŶﶨȻƽӵġ
ǰ绹ǹⱲҲֵˡ
кôõ̡
Ϊʲôûѽ
͵ĵĲˡ
١ѹҲûͿһԵ֡
طGƱĿʵĵ֧ô˵
ס
طGԡ
꣬Ĵݣһǣ겻𣿡
طG


69 
֪Ӻʱ, ֪˵ڶ
طGתϷ飬סһǱסĺͣͳѹֵ𣺡¡
졣
˻һ, ϵеۡ
, ۣ΢űģ֮ʹ, γŵס
طGһʵס, Žż￴
һᡣ
ö۰
롣
١ѹСԴԹڴ˴ȥòѽ
͵ͷ, Ҳ̲ס, રµ, ۰Ͱ͵Ŀ١ѹԺȥ, Լȴֻſڡ
׵ĶΪҪʲôʲӵĹ, ɣ
ſڳƬ, ūŲע⣬һ̵Ĵܳȥ, ūǶʱ, ҪȥȴԼүɫڣûѴ󰢸л, ҲԺȥ
ԭүҪ԰׽
Ȼ
طGӰҲͣڴǰɫƵĳۣڴ˴
;СƨɣŬİڴϣ󻽣ҺͰ㣡
Ҫƽƽ
֨ѽһ򿪣ͼźԼ˿棬ӣʱЩ
ʲôˣɫһ
գգ۾УҪӣ۵ϾˣĶﻹö˶ų档
һԵطGҲЩ
߳űǴۼˡ
ûʼ
ˡ
үı飬Ŀɿڴ١ѹɵЦΣأ֮ǰǶġ
ˣ
֪û£С첲һʱŲסͨһڵϡ
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ۿ
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Т˳۰ʲôġ
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ڣŴ۵Ĺά𣺡øɷ򾴰ҲТ˳Ľ۶
żʮֶ꣬ˣԼŮ˲̫󲻿϶࿴ģӻģкⲻŲʵģ§ѰֵĶС
ǰһңǼҷ˻಻ã΢ЩҲߵ㣬ڶ£ְͷǼҴ˱ȥҷˡ
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̴ǣż˿Ц⣺үᡣ
ڽûˡ
طG˰Σ˲ˮġ١ѹ£ԼҲˡ
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ţء
꣬;Сͣܲ⡣
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ȴֻǸΣ
͹ԹԵţ˵١ѹЩסػΣϵĽӴ࣬Ҫ˵ǲûж٣ǷŰˡ
ƼطGˣ룬ӣɻſںţἱĴݡ
ܿͷͨ˵ǵǲ˹ʻЩ
һԸӴСŮͻأ¸շţȵʱ£Ȼһʱȥϲ
ߵˣ̫ҲͶ˵ȱʲôᣬȵʱūȥñǡ
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Ƕˣֻа˸ˣһ£ͦŸԲԲĶӣǡ
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ıӵݸһԵūţһԵ̫ʦϣȻүڣҾͲŪˡ
١ѹ
˸Ŷӷűӳӣ˺аȫС
Ҫǻȥ˶ӣþסطGü
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۲ۡͰСԴʡ
طGۡ
һ˵ſطGȻǼĴݼһ𣬲ɵþȡ
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۲ѡ
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ģ̫ɽ
һֺգϼ
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Ժˣ̫ˡǣž;۵
۵ĺ޲ֱ顣
޵۾ˡ
طGӣҲɬԣʪۿգգۣǿа
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ڴʱ
һ
طGȻϲյ
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ִطGһ˶ĴõĻ
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Ժѻȸ
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طGˣһ
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ҽΡΡ
ͶʱԹԵЦˣֺǺǵĲطGĴƣǸã̫ˡ
СԴſſϣŽż￴ȥ㡣
ˡ
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㿪ʲô˵˵
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طGһţҲ˿
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ȴܾˡ
ǰȻ޿ɺǣ¶ҪطGŵĵҲԲ¡
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ǱæտĸӣæűϲǾˣڽˣöٲϲǡ١ѹ˵ĺ
̾ĸϻۣׯϲӣһ׼׵ûкլһңҪľжġ
˸ҲôģȵʱӣԽ԰
˸ˣ١ѹͽСŮŰ˸ЦŵЩ
˻δ֣ȳˡ
տĸӣڶи˳ߵľ⡣
Яȥ
ʣ¸
ſڣ᲻ߣȥ
ǻƬ̣ɫڣطGСӳ岻ܶȥš
طG֮ǰһۣ̲ס𴽽ǡ
á
á
ȱϲ˽԰˵ڰʱ̥ĸӾ
ʱϲ̥ף̵ĵܵãǻϲʹ˴Ľ鱦ķʵ䣬̥
̺壬Сͽк̣С񡭡ԥһ˲ŲյĥСܲܽССӣЩס
̺壬ʱᣬʱͰɡ
ʱͺ֮ԥƬ̣ѡʱ͡
㡣
ת˲طGź̡ʱֽ֣֣Ưˡ̴ǣ˯ŵСͣ
ɫ׺͸ˡ
ŹӺȥ˯
طGûԥֱӷУ˽ȥڱסɫĶǽڴЦ
á
˷ܵĳϪݣ˽Ҹ˵Ҷˣ
˷ܵұġ
ţ֪͹ˡȷʵ˫̥һȵûǵ⣬Ҫ塢˫ȶ
סڵĿ䡣
Ͷʱ˵ﹰ˹ٺЦţ̧С°ͣǣҲ˭
ǿ׶
һɣ̧СԴ
СԴС̫ȥϴЦϴϴ˯㡣
̡֪
ϴ꣬Ѻ̻ʽ췢£ž˯ˡ
ɵҡͷʧЦҲű۾˯ȥ
ȵڶ˯ѣȥ񣬺;ʹС̫ĻС԰ˣԺſźŵСŮֺǺǵĺ
ŇNɪС߽ȥͷϴźƤѾףСǻƻƵģãž񻹲
ںҩ
˻ÿࡣСʡ
Цһڰҩˣˣûˡ
˵ڣūŰѹŹɢҩζ
һԵӤŷС̡
ͼû£ʱ̸ȤˡſӤϣϸ۲˰Σþòԡ
Щ֪ôָо
룬δô̡
ĺó
۾ǹۣͻСͿ쿴СͮͮͰͣʵݡ
̱ʾ̫ˡ
ȡϹⶺܵǲǿɿɰˣ
ͱ۾һ䣺ԣҾûôỵ̈ʵ̫ÿˣĺ
۾Ϳ䲻ȥˡ
϶ʱ̲ס˵
⺢ӻͦ˵Ϲ
ǰûôÿġЦŵ
ЦְӴ
ӻš
ԼԲĶӣЩģҪָ£֪ٺ
һŵĴչʣв𣿡
ˣ
ʧЦҡͷСԴЦŵû¡
ʲô¡
ЦĶ۰ˡ
˿ϸƿһҪǡӤǰĻšС絹ҲˣСʵЩס
Сӣ̲סЦˡ
طGһ߽ͼһСһЦĿҪסˡ
¶ɻ
ƼϵݣЦĸʵˡ
طGɫڳ
ϳȥͱЦһ֣˵̥õ£ƫݣɼĵǸ
ЦȴۣʱиǵˣҲ¡޶˲ģȷʵٳ
뷨湻ɧġ
ڳб˳ЦЦطGˮĿŸ
֪ӣҲµжȻҪЦɫ֣šü⣬ؿڡ
˻
طGʱˡ
ϼûעߣѹү׿ڡ
طG
үڵ塣
Ц⣬ģطGҲһɣû¶ͺá
ͷͣԼ棬û߿͸ڸ׵Сһڡ
΢䡣
͸ůůĳطGϣյϵëɼϣѵˮһ
ů
ɫӨԹԵСԴطGҪֱӣ첲סЦеһڡ
ҲҪףͳСƨɣ˫Ŀˡ
طGֱƳһۺͣŤͷߡ
Ȼͻۼķ֣˶
ٺ٣ɰİꡣ
Ϲ򶨣ĵܵãҪǡ
͹ԹԵͷ
Ƭ̹طGתӣ˵˴ʼҳףǡ
ӹ
ԥƬ̣˯ֻ̣˫̥ﶼã
죬ڣʵЩۡ
طGͽͣ˵꿼ǵ⣬úͱС٣ܵá
İ죿
ϳ
ڸϣֵڣ԰ﵹá
ڳ԰طG
Ͼˣǽͷ˼
طGͷһڿ̵ֻḶ́ѹүţСģۺͣﲻʹ죬š
Сģⱻӡ
Ҫ㹻ӴģŲܡ
Ͳꡣ
룬Ҳͦḁ̃϶˺ܶĿǳ谮ųģͻȻû˹ע϶ʧ䡣
Ǹ磬ҲڻС
ǺܵϿޡ
׸꺢Ӿ񲻼ã˵˻۵ĲУ˵ԼҪ˯۾˯ˡ
طGڴǰΪüͷ壬һһֱûнڵ飬ͻȻ˵˳µɡ
ʵˡ
طG̴ǣ֪ôˡ
үæգţʲô£ȥү˵طG䣬Ťͷߡ
Щǣȴʲôû˵ؿ
֪طGȻæȥˡ
˻ͻȥȥˣֹ˵ҪúöúðʱǮܵá
ܵЬ𣿡ʡ
û뵽ѯʵĽǶô棬룬ǵͷǴġ
ûЬǵöС
Сõȳл
ǰһ
˵Ϫˣſһͨ˵˵ԼõСرĻ˿Ҫ
ཱུ̧С°ͣûɣ
ͽСģʵڵǷᡣ
ƳһۣԶԶԡӤĶࡣ
̣ûסѹʣ귨ôܶ׬Ǯ
ʡ
üܸȤĿ˻ôͻȻҪ׬Ǯˡ
;;Сͣû˵Ϊ̶̫ˣ׬Ǯǡ
ʡ
밲ӣһһӣô
á
ͿĵͯڿҿҵӣҲˣҲ㣬æĲˡ
ɰӣɵЦˣԵģҪһֱӡ
Ҫ׬Ǯ׬ǮĴˡ

ôˡ
꣬ˣССڵˮȡ
ף̴򹤡
һ磬׬һѽӣʱЩţƽһһӣΪһ׬ôࡣ
һɰ
ŵʱͼҾͳصģܲܰң
Ĭˡ
Ǯˡ
ܣٳһڿ۸ӡ
ͣ
Ͻذصĳԡ
׬Ľӣһ١
ԵСǶԲͼԵĶܲܶ
ɡӦˡ
Ͷʱһ˵Ĳˡ
ϲ׬ǮĸоʵԲѡ
԰æ˵Ҫ죬ڳ԰ʶ涼ҪǵҺҲǰ쵽磬ҲǺ޾顣
˵֪ıո̥󣬻ۣ˵үʱʹˡ
СҲ˵񶼴ɼϲĽʱ;ͳʷͷһĸ
Ѿҫ˵ﱲͷڶͷҲǾ޽С
⻹ꡣ
֮⣬ȻҪ졣
ǵöϲ
޴ӵ֪
ȴãȻлҪϲһ㡣Ļ񲻽Ҫ˫ݣǺõʱԼˣźĽ
һʱææű񣬴Ҳ֪ıո̥үϲĸʲôһ
С԰壬ĹάһȻıүͣ˵Ҫ
֪ӣǻҪ͵˼
طG鷿ͷŴ죬Է˼һסⲻǸʼˡ
Ͼһжǽүݼڡ
ıոҫԴԺͰó裬ıհʥġ
ͷĲˡ
طGȻҲ֪ÿɷתóһֽϣƸ쿴
˼Ρ
ʡ
ֽͼͷд֡
ճ˴
üͷһ壬˲Уҡͷ˼Ʋɡ
̫ڱ档
һ۾Ϳͷˡ
ơ
ͽ̡طGתϵķ飬侲ûбĲá
ţʵЩϲ̨棬־֮ʿܡ
˵©˵˵ơطG졣


70 
, òף˵ŵ㵹Ҳ٣ճ˴˵´, ۾Ǻô
ߴ󰢸ڹ, ĿıոȻԽ͵Խá
ⷨӣĿǰûиõĽʽˡ˼ȥ, ֻүķá
طG˹صͷ
λϣǰһ綹յɫһڰɫ, Եɫ
쿴һۣ͸ϽᣬȴǸ, ı, ʵľѡ
¡
طGȥıӰ, Ĭ
ƽ, ŵмɽ¥֮ѹָУǰ׼, ʲôǿ
Ժ, ˷̥ھгͷ, һ, Ҫ͵ˡ
طGæ˺üգȵϴգŴһϮ°׵ǳɫʩʩȻϪȥ
ȽϺ͡
è̽촩رϲ, СС۷䣬С˵ģֱС٣ֱС١
ͷʣô
ĸζСرɰرϲ
ѩɰʵۡ
ֿһԵİ꣬۰Ͱ͵ĵ䡣
ţÿطGĻشʹЩܡ
èȴ˿⣬ת˸ȦȦ룬ͲҪٵģҪ̡
ϲܵá
ţС̫ͨ˵١ѹͼǰЦеĿ䣺Ǹúӣģ¾һ˿
󿴺ÿҿÿ
ϲĺ޲ֱӱסݺݵס
ͽ䱸Ŀп֬ס
ӡá
١ѹʱЦˣС̿𣿡
͹ԹԵľС
ЦţͷϲЦֺǺǵʱˣ߰ɡ
ϴʢ
Ȼ˵Ҫ죬һеĹǰġ
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Цˡ
˵Ĳˡ
ˣҲŸˣ֪ǸֵģЦ̣ʵ˼Ľ
ϲ𣿡ʡ
ͷͷŬĽԼĵ˼ϲֵģ¾õĸо
طGһϮǳ°׵ĴһȣüĿȻӣҲм崺硣
˼ˣٿϵķ飬Ұ֮緶
ù
ͷ۵طiϣĿ֮£ȻҶګն֣һԲϱ㵱߳
;Ľֻڴ˴˵ǰܾã̫Ӷμδһβƽﾤҵҵĵ˽ϣп
ԽԽ
ԭĺ鶸Ȼɢüﶼ˲ɡ
үС̫ŵĳѹȥƣ̫үͷư˼죬ˡ
ɫ䡣
̤ͷߣѾߵĲֻ࣬ʣûףҲ֮һ
յĸں棬Χ棬Źڰ⵹طi֮һ
ȵˣ֪ʲôŹ
ܱó˵ģС¡
ͼѪֱͦͦĹڵϣطi
˻𣺡̫үĺã
ʹס
ѲɰҲܿ֡

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Щطi
ؿβסʹʧ
˰ѺȥΣĵĿ̫ӣЩƣˣƷ費ɡ
˵žͽ˹ҩ
طiӺͮͮģգգۣҪ˵ʲô˶ȴʲôû˵
ڿϲĳϣʵ֡
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ꡣеĻһо
Ҫ𣬴ƾͱСָסˡպ͵С֣̫ȥѾƣѹд
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͹ԹԵûк֣ɫһ裬һȡ
յķ磬ż⡣
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бϣͷĴѺڻС֣һѹ֪ͣ
ſԡ
̫ӣҲССһţҡͷԵı顣
ˣԼȥǰ֡
ͺ͵ɢģȻͬ
˵ϻۣйĿ֮ܣѧʲôĲˡ
ǰЩ꣬ˣҲһһֻۣǲ֪ӺʱС̲һ
С̡

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Ѿ˯ˡ
ˮδ
С˵ģһµӡ
Щꡣ
ϸĵĸС̺ӣԹԵ˯ţɵ
̫ӣ
Խˡ
в֪˵ʲôá
һĪչ
ڳ˳ᢣԼһǵ̣ʱҲ⼬֣޲֮С
ƣཱུС
ɰ
¶ԣҲű۾
ʱ򣬾ūŴ˵̫үͥԺкĿһɣ֪ͳɡ
ŲִԲ򣬷
ѹ͵
ͻ˯
طiһͼҴӣĮľ֮ȴһտﱲ
Ṇ̀µĺʵ̫ˡ
񣬽ӷϣεǶһʱȾƿˣ뺹ˡ
ô˵еʱĴͲںȾƿ꣬Ź˭ֵܣ˵δ
ϹͷŽֵˣţܴơ
롣Ըᡣ
̫ãȻ
ͷԵڶڲס
˿ָ棺
ٿ
طi죬Ҫ粵ͼͻȻӴѵĺСüͷ껳ꡣ
Żŭĺ꣬ȴһᡣ
ƢǶˡ
ɵһ̾
һһͷˣűӻӣѹ֮ɫ֡
ȴûˡ
ҲЩʧְֽ̳̫ӣﶼãȴ̫ӡ
ĻС̡
Ⱥ˯ѣɫѾڣŴŴĺ귨
һʹǰǰཱུС첲󱧱
ﴩı΢һ£ѩ׵ġԲĶƤ¶ˡ
һֱ۾˻źߺ۾ſ¶Ĵ΢Ц귨
ϲ귨
Ҫס
ĸ
ҡͷ˵Щʡ
Сȣ΢Ǽ߳ϸܵĺˮСӰ͸죬ɰˡ
˸ˮ
͹ԹԵıŶֶֶ֣ˮ˳°µΡ

ˮȳĸо
ϲܵӣЦŵ
͵ͷҡͷ
еˡ
ǲȷٿ
귨Ȼȥ̡͵
ܵˡ
˵һ̵ľ·ˡ
ȻС԰ӣţһó٣ţϻҩ
ٰҩڱϿųԣʳСüͷ
ϾЦСԴ޷ϰˡ
ڸǰŷġ
òȥһЩ߰˾ʵò
͵ͷСͰ͵ĴһˡҪǶĸ϶ˡ
ЦСԴ࣬ʱˡ
ͷ̥ڸǰ㣬Ҳûʲôáһжսսͷ̥ѣ̥ѾϤˡ
ͣ
ԺˡҲûʲôá
ɫƣɵ˲һʱƬ̾ģ֪ȴҲûʲôӿ롣
ֻ
ڴϣһߵСŮϸϸķһݸ࣬һЦŵ˯˾Ͳˡ
⻰С￴
˵Ҳ˼Ḷ̌ǰջ۾ۣչ󣬾Ȼÿ
͵͵С
û
ССԼСƣøԼҲࡣ
Сĳ֣߳ԺЩãȻæȥˣ˯ˣԼŪЩʳԡ
뻹ǻϪˡ
Լû
귨̵Ļ
Цģôͻˣ
;˵ܵˣĺܺÿһ귨͹ˡ
һš˵
˰ˣѾˣƼʲôϡһơ
óԣ
㣡
̫óˣ
޲ڣСѽ̫ϲˡ
귨ʳЩ޷԰Ρ
ЦС΢Ƭ̣㿪ʼӣæ
ɹŵ̫ƽĦأҲ˾ѣţͷдλ̳жս
졣
λ̳ȷʵǸ⡣
ʹչˣɵóһֱΪ峯չͷһж̫˽⡣
Ȼ֪ڿӺʱڣ糯ֻ˽ĺ͸
ÿÿʲô£֪ܺܿѧǱѣ΢ֶᡣ
ĶӶҪᡣ
ӻˣҲûᡣ
һ֮ӻľ֮·λ̳е¶ͳڿ
Щ롣
̾˿
ڵ˶չҵˣǻڹĶǡ

òڡ
̫ڵӡ
ȷʵڹĶǣȷʵŬķչҵһ׾ܵ˵΢֣ǰЩӻʲô
˶ҵչˣ̫ӻŹ
ʽ˲Щˡ
һں͵СƨɵϣЦ˵С
ʹסƽ޹ʱһ٣ֱ׵Ľ
Сƨˡ
⳩԰üգδúõĹ˿ɫƣžͺܺùӡ
š
˭һŮ
תͷͼһòСΪСұССĹپСɣһϮɫװĿ
ıոС硣Ӧ¡
СĿӱˣܰҼһ𣿡
ʹȥͼӱߵĲݴȻһɫӣһֻġ
Ŷҡͷ
ӱɫ£ʵա
С˵졣
ˣ֦͵
СʱˣʲôҲӲɣҲ
üͷȥ
С磡С𣺡ʲô֣
úúÿ
Įһ㡣
͹˹֣תߡͺǲҪǣһĺá
Сţ룬Ϫݳ壬һȥͶſү
β
Ƴһۣú˵
СĹ˿ڲ裬ཱུС˵ţССҷƼ˸С磬ѩɰҼӱߵӣܾˡ
ü
ĿⲻƵĿǸ״յ·ߵͷˡ
˭֪СЦЦɫɫǰȣһ߽εεǲǺܹ֡
ÿɷ
Сֽ˵檽ʮ壬˸ĸֵ빬үǰźʵǲ׵Ľ
Щͷˡ
Ҳ󣬾šС硭Ƭ̣ڿУܰС粦𣿡
Цˣͦ۹⣬ͦ
ȥʵ
СǰȻһ˵Ǳʮ߰ˣá
ӣ˫ģͬˣ
СЦЦȥıա
СŷӦԭǵıռҵģǾǴĺͰˡ
ǻڹȴˮѰӻóЩ
ССɷףС粻˰ɡ
ͷյ죬֪ǺͻˣСЩڰ֣ĵٲǰ
˵գСͱȥˡ
ͺͲ
һۣû⣬ֺǺǵĳ嵽ǰ֪ˣ
ղġ
ڴ񣬲Щ
ȱôڳԵģ
ͺ˵ɫˡ
͹ԹԵͷ
ڶգͷԸطG˵Ǻ֪˺뷨ӡ
طGɫӲ˲䱻亹ʪӦ£ǡ
һ˲䣬ú֪еıֱͷβ͸ĸо
طGʪ¡
ЩΣǰȣЩǡ
Ǳɴ͸ˬ
ƫãⱡɴš
Ǹעӣ򲻿϶ȼ֮ࡣ
طGȡ
Ѷʪ͸ˣƫ˵ԼȡôֻץɣЩӾûˡ
طGΪѣǰ˵ܳǲūŵճ˴Ҫ׽֪˺ﹻ̲ˣ֪ö١
仰˵ֲӡ
ˡ
̤żʱףʲô̤Ьٴȫѹ
ү׷ιĸо
һжԺ͡
顣
طG룬ǸСǣôܲעĿ£ճ˴Ƴʹãȴûʲô÷ӡ
˯˺;͸ͷ
Ҫû˵ǹҵĽڡ
ը֪˺졣
ζպϣֱóԵһͿ
޲һٵĳԡ
̫ó˰ȡϲĲˣſҲ¡
¿ھ֪óˡ
Ϊẹ̀һ㶼ܾʵʡ
ȴЩ޴¿ڣˣԼá˶Ǿܾġ
ֺǺһЦطGÿ飬üۼ嶼ƽˣ¶ֿЦݡ
ģ˵ԼҪˡ
귨һȥˡ˵
˵겻ȿʹһ´ܳȥȿѾܳȥԶ

СԽǷˡ
ССĺҳ
ڿüˣ
͵ͷ
ϾͰѻˣƷˣȥ棬ԺóԵģĶɡ
ھѵĺܡ
˵ܶܶ໰
Щͷֳˣʵˡ
ܵĽ
ź͵С֣˫Ŀ˵ʲô
;޾ϸĸӱСԷҪӣϴʾܾٵԷֱϪȥ귨˵
̧򢣺֪𣿲ͱˡ
üһҲҶôĵӣ
ΪոǼλҲƽˡ£СӣǼֱ̡
͹ԹԵֻ˭
𣿡ͳ
һߴӰ𵶵߽´
šͷͷ
С𣺡ֻжһˡ
׾Ҫ˵ܶܶࡣ
طGɫǷཱུС
͢˵
ת䣬˲׹С½ĸ˵ĽССұƫƫǿɰӡ
ľ£Ӵ
ЩΪܳ裬үࡣ
۰Ͱ͵ĿԼ꣬δ˵ꡣ
ҲүطG˹ӣ˵ӦӦ
ͣ
⻹ÿǡ


71 
Ӧ𣿡۰Ͱ͵Ű, ŵĲˣתסĸ첲
طGͷӨļճϸë, ΢΢һ, ϵѻ塣
š
͢λȨأүʵԾܾ
ԣû볯, ȻЩҪ밲ӣڳзֲǶġ
ƭҡĹĵͦСţԹ, ôһ˲䣬ȷʵš
طGһ£ȫûƭСθС
ϺЦѺЦ, ˭, ͸ƴ
˵üĺطGһۡ
طG, ȻŲյˮ, ǳĽë˲޿֡
ϻﹰ˹, СԴ, ԶҪ뿪Ҫһ𡣡
ȡطGɤӡ
͵û
ղŻ˵Ҫˡ
ǳ
ϾЦһ, ̲סӴӴĽ, εۡ
ⶼЩˡ
طGƳһۣû˵
ûӦʱЩʧ䣬, ˵Ҳ޷Ӧǿ
ɬҲЩ񣬺ͼ䣬ڴϣת˲˯ˡ
ͼ˯ˣȥֻ̥С̶˯ãŵ뿪ˡ
ȻصϪݣһ·ЩԷ˵ŵó輸գβ;̵ȥˡ
ŷӦСǽͷ˼ϵĵĸһʢ費˥޺üգഫ˵
һϪݣͼ£ĸһԵĻľˮ
귨Ļ
񣬳֣˵͢ȥѰ㰢ˣ
͵ͷⲻܡ
˼Ŀʲô
ͣ
֪
ֲͲʶһˡ
ͻȻһ
λɾô׷
ͷеϣǲࡣ֪ܳ裬ģºӵĽ֮ͯ
Ҳ룬˭
˾úס
ͣ
ζЩر𡣡ͼίʧˡ

ɫˣֻҪ泩ɣǸұŤǾͲˡ
˭ҲȲ˺͡
СŮ˵ǸᣬʳʣԣžҪιȥүȥƣʡˡ
ƵĽСŮƶ㱣Ƭ̹
СŮ԰׵ɵۣ˵ȥͼڰ֡
Сûз˿ȴڳ԰Ȼ󲨡
ߵܳҪ˵ʹҪ˵⿵࿴ۣҲҪ˾֪
˺ܶޣǿͷϣ˻ããЩ谮ڳ԰каԵ
Ҳǵ͹˵ǡ
԰еķ紵ݶϽȣԵøΡ
ҪСҲͰˣգүȻƫƫҪЩ
ʩЧͼ֮ȡ谮
үô
ͷҲʵɣҪү
ȵˣһֱû
ֻоӸҪЦˡ
԰һʱӿ
ڿڳѣѻ𣬵ܳѾ˿ġ
͵㡣˼ţͲٳˡ
ΣȥˣǷݣ԰ɡ
ų
¶Щ˼
ü˻
ĵСرֻۡ
ҪҸɶͷһμСŽţ̵ܲǿҺÿɣ
úпܡ

Ϊ˵³ΪȻڸʲôıƣһ䣬ʲôÿ
ţΪÿ

ЩΡ
˵䣬˴˵ıү
˲ģ嵽طGǰ̣Цеѣóԣ
ڴĿ
طGãһŽˣ͵꣬иСС󡣡
ССһξ롣
طGֱ³
νССҪһ㶼㣬ΪԼҲ֪ȡֵҪᱻأŻЩڵ¸
֮䣬ûκΡ
;Сͣ۵Ŀǿѣҳȥˡ
ⷴӦҲ̫ˡ
طG
ŸɵЦˣʱǺ˼
ԭ԰ӣȥģʡ
ԭǶȼٵĵط
ŹС°ͣȥȥȴûá
иõطȥȥʡ
ô˵̲סͰСԴ
Ѿʼˡ
طGɫ侲Ե㰢Ĵϡ
ͣ

ȥ𣿡
ȥ
ȥ𣿡
ҪС
ɽ

˺ü뷨һһˡطGüͷԭͲʲôӣ˸ļס
ȥ֣
˼̻
ҡͷ
ﲻܳŲùʲô
Ҳü
ĿǰĶѾ˵ˣȻҡͷʵûʲô취
ܴܲһ㣿ͼʾ
ãȻ
⻹Ҫô󵨡
Ĵúɽδȥ񣬲ȥӣȥϵ֦ɳĮޡ
ѭѭա
仰˵ھǴˡ
ûסƺСƨϣЦŵô˵ѩ
ͷҡͷǵѩͺˡ
ȥˡ
طGͷû˵ʵҲȥϾйأٲó
ϸ룬ʵЩ˲ƣҡͷǲɡ
ͣ
˼ǳˣһ
ӡĿޡ
ɵۣĥ´γѲͰϣ̸ġ
طGźͻС԰ˣʣôˡ
ҡͷ
˳ӣֳ䶨ĸоȻʷѾı䣬ǲǴز
ľͻ
ȻԿÿһء
ܻţ˭Ըȥ
Ҹ˵ҵѱ鲼Ϻ仰˵ȥģҹ͡ͺ׳־
ѾԼٷֳڽͷѳ̸ˡ
ŶطGЦ
вһس岽һգӲ֪ˡ
ͣ
˵ģˡ
ת˽ϻͷԼ꣺֪𣿡
طGͷ
˭
ʮ塣
Ľ顣
;յܵС紲ǰСС̿쳤ѽ˵ˣҾҲ˵ѽֵ֪ܵ
طGڵڴأҽô˵
Сһ죬ڵýմմ۽ǣסԼͨաǰ˵ԼЩԼүûӻתˡ
ʱϡá
ʱ򣬾ҽˣһͨУҩûôĿ
ȻʢһѶӽ鱦ƥӦоС
һƱ;Ҳûкܡ
ͻС
̡
ȣҽ˵Ͼ˫̥Ƚӣұż˫ӣʱòųɡ

طGͷ渣ҴҴӣת뿪
Щ᲻ãһˣҲˡҸˣ˵˵
طGԹԵ棬ǰŸЩ
ܸܵ˴˵ĺ
طGɫƵһڣ¡
ϣ
ʲô¡
طG̤ȥŻȻӦɵκ죬źȲס룬Խˡ
үĺܻᣬƼ;ĳ
ɶ
ȫûа취ֵ˵
ɤӣ򶨡
ſӤߣС̣ÿ˯˯ѵʱ
С̡
СʱҲ𡣡кܶ䣬ΨûйڵģǺ档
ϵͷСʱرԣر˼ҵСûûҹĿޣҹ˯㱧㲻ǣһ˯˵ҪҪȶߺߡ
˵ġ
Ҳǡ
ź棬ֻͷС̣СȭͷҲͺҴ󡣾ͷߡ
֮ǰ뱧ͷԼ첲̣ܶס
;úòҡ
رҡ
СĴСȭͷ˳ſС֣ס֣ɵþ̾
Ŷ̫˰ȡ
ôСͻˡ
;̾ѣСĻ̶Ĳˡ
˻ȥˡ
СȭͷһͼǿҪ塣
һòҲա
ʵ̫ˡ
СԴϾ˯ˡ
طGæͼſϣ̺ӣԼ˯
طGĬĿ˵Сİ۾ǰ꣬۾¶ЦЦһ˯ˡ
ӣæūźȻġ
ˡ
Ѻͷڴϣ̺ӴϣطGΡ
͵¶ϵãҪ֪µ־ͳɡȻź
ǵ¶ǲ̫ԸܣҲδ֪
طGĦź͵СЩҶڹע̥ȷʵעˡ
̲֪жί
룬ǰ̱Ϸȥ鷿˯ˡ
жʱˮ
⺢ӣܿˡ˵Ҳ꣬ڣûһ
طGͷߣѹ˯
ȥæ
ճ˴ոճҪǵ黹кܶ࣬ð
طGæȥˡ
ϿݵıӰ˵˼ص˳֣ݵЩæ˺Щ
ڡ
æ˼գԽԽȣ΢£ðһ㺹
طGҲܺõԲ˺͵Ρ
ӳԲ֦ٿţٵ紵ݵͼţ򣬾̻ݶˡ
ͰС
طGɫһģһ
ԲΣһꡣ
·ϤʷϣôԼġϻʵۺûȥأͽлʦ
õcosplay
ߡͲϵ⣬һһ˫Ź⣬ŻϵԼסڵ̾Ŷ˭ôѩɰ
ЦѽǲҼ̣
;͵ͷ
Цţ˳Ż͡
Ϊɶһˣգգ۾ܰѶﻭ𣿡
طG
ļǮ
üǮ
ɣлʦٻ˵ʢʰᡣ
ͣ
һҪ˵
ġطGء
ҪȥģɲǸ̵ġ
͹СȻ˵ȴϲĲˡҪߣ˲׹Ҫȥ
ӡĻ
ҲҪ
Ŀɺÿˡ
԰һ󻭻ⷨӺãͽлʦһź͵ģо١ѹ棬һ⻭˲䰮֣˵Ҫһȥܾˡ
յ֣ûϡôࡣ
˻١ѹǸǮģʱǮûʦһס
Ҫӡ

СģѲ
߻ʦڽɽ
԰˵Ӱռˡ
ŪӰ˼䡫һŮ
Ͷʱ˫һǴ˵г裬ֳˡ
ò˵Էĺ
ĵģߡ
ȴüͷãɻľ˻ð
ŵ١Ϊ
תСͼڼɽߵСͤƵĺŸ衣
ǣſ֣ʾȴÿɷֱӳŹʹ˸ɫǰʱ徻ˡ
ͦῴ֣ЦЦ
Σգ˲̧¶Ө˫ûѽ
ʮ壡֡
ͼط_̤߹ɫзŭ
ͣװͰ͵ĺ
Ǹ밲ѹвǲ͵͵ˣ
ɫ仹Żš
СԴˣǡ
ط_Ͻס죬˵һ߳ſֺõЦЦꡣ
ƣʲôףüͷط_Ͳع˵
ط_ɿ֣һŵĿźͣ͵ĴС˵˵Ļ
ʮ壬ҪҪ¸һ£
еöˣ¸
Լ¸ǲ£ֲɵ
ꡣܿط飬ǰ밲
ԱȺط_ȣԴطЩ䲻ˡ
ʮ峤ˡܸоһء
ڿĶӣط鲻ԵĴУֺǺǵʮ﷭ܻͼ

ط飺
źͣѹʣ֪ʲôǱܻͼ
СԴ֪
֪ôôޣرࡣ
ط_ŵĵȴУЦЦܻͼ
ط_¶Ҳ̶õı顣
ͺ濴
˵һŮط_ãȻɫУڵűܻͼĹŮ
ط_˲͸ˡ
ƹˤҴطˮʮҴ󣬶ȻҲС
ط̯֣ûС
ڻТڣЩ̫Ȥ
ط_Ĩ˰
ˣ˵ֻһ
ĿͣݺݵСүƨɿ
ƤӱС͸ˡ
ȡɤӡ
ط_ʱ죬ѺͷڵϣָѣῪڣС͹ԣСүȥ档
ȥ
СԴյԶЩССĸ״ʮղ˵ȥң
۾ΣյĿط_̡
귨Ѽƨɵӣ
ᣡ
Сȭͷͼ˵
ط_
Ҫ˲ɡ
ſ˼˫ط_Ծסƨɡ


72 
˭֪
˵ط_, Ҳ롣Ц
ѹ˲תߡ
ط_˹طƨɵ֣ЦСǷ, ֱɡ
ʮ, 
ʼɿ𣺡꣬ɣ⺢ڸ, ȳˣֱӶȻҪΪǿ
ط_ߥ֮£ЦеС, ͻˣ׷ϡ
˵ĿĶˡ
귨ǻʵۣ˭˭ܰ
꣬ܡ
һһ, ü, Բѡ, һᡣ
һƺˡ
ͣ
ط_
, Ȼڰᣬ, һ޿
סԼƨɳط_ٺЦʮ尤ᣡ
ǰ˵ġ
ط_յصж, ƽԼǸˣͻȻ, ߇ĺͮͮ
ҷ, ź͵С񣬺޲Ūһ١
СƨһΡ
ȴ޺µĸоСԴ˽Ļ, ߺƨۡ
ཱུСĿſ
Ǳ
˵Ѻ͸
˲֧
߸ϵĿط_٣ʮ壡򲻵Ұɡ
޵ӣ㽫ڵϡ
ͣ
ͷȷʵûΪĿ˼۾ʮ壬ر죬ֺõЦЦʮ壡
ط_ЦЦСү㡣
ݺݵĸᡣ
ͻ
һ̵·
ͷҲء
ط_ཱུСƨɣתһԵĿ֪Լʲô龰
ꡣ¶ֺЦݵ˳
ڰ֡
ط_룬̿ˡһƨɵĻ·𲻵
ת·ˡ
ȳ԰ӣͼƨɵҲ֪æЩʲôط_ǰָ˴ƨɣЦСүˣô˵Ҳøѵԡ
ſ
˺м֮
ںĸǰ˵氤ᡣ
ʮ壡̲ϵ⣬Ѱ𣿡
ط_ЦЦĿ
ѰġװͰ͵
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ԭţһҪһ٣ȻˮĴ۾ĳë˲ˡ
ط_ཱུ̡
ϾˣĻ㰮
а磬磬꣬ҲѾܶˡ
˺͡
ڹͷô꣬ٵһｿɰɵĲˡ
Сط_ЦеĿϲʮ塣
ط_ԭװķŭôһ˲ɢһգź౵СƲסЦݡ
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Щ档
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ϾЦĸȥ㿴ӣУʽȥ
һԵط_Ҳ֪һԺţĸ̡
ֻСССģط_˴֣Щ޴ֵĸоܾ̫Сˡ
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ôССһ
ѾСˣ룬С̾ȻСܶܶࡣ
ط_С
ϲĲˡ
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СүȻɰ⻹и󵽡ϲ̣Ϊϲˡ
ҾϲܵãССһֻܺóԵӡͷԾǡ
ط_
ɰ棬˭뵽Ǻóԡ
ԳԳԣԴϸáط_Ц
ͺٺٵЦѹ㿴۵ġ
С
è̵ʳͷи۵⡣
;ϲĽ
ͰСԴ˲ط_ʮҲóԡ
ط_
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죬С̺ܹԣ˯ĺܰȣСͷССС죬žֿɰ
۾ģŸӿɰڰ£Ѿˣǰĺģڰװ۵Сӿɰˡ
Сүˡط_Сֺ̣Ǻǵ
ĳ֣ʮţ
ط_ҡͷ
ĸ粻ڼңɩӣûдŲҪš
ûø鷳
ˣȳ˽ͷЩʴӣس԰û˼ССİóɻĳɻ飬ԼµԼ£СҲ治һȥ
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ʮġһ𣬲ż崺硣
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ǰȷʵһҲ֪ӺʱͻȻϵûôˡ
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˸硣Ĵк
˸һ˵˵žͲݾܾĴһ£˻ƾ
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ط_Ծһ֪⣬⻰ֺһڣȷʵûʲôζһˡ
ط͸е죬ʱʱȵʱҲȺȶˣ֧š
ǰȹƣطЩŲסˡ
ԼԼ֪ٺȵ㣬µľͲط_ˡ
ƾζˣǺر㡣
ط_ƷžƣٳԿڲˣϵıرѰζ
˸磬ȵôʡ
ط˻Դͷرɫһ䣬Ҫʲô͵ˣطЩź룬˷Ϊ˰ط_Լˡ
⻨ײ
ط_
һţġطһۣʾūźתߡ
Ȼس԰󣬾ͼط԰ֱͦ꣬ȴء


˭֪ط鲢˵ʲôסȥһ㱸ѾȻһ롣
ط_˲ˣô֪˭Ҫܡ
Ȧˡ
Щʮ׾پܵõġ
ﲻʹ졣
һ٣ݺݵġ
طȴһֱûӦֻǴźѾֿūźϴ£ʰĸɾƯǰС̫ϸתȥ
ط_ߺɫӵ۾
һȭ޻ϡ
ҡ
طGȥ󣬾ū˵ǽүŸʮүһȾƣطG׵Կͽūʱʱ̶̿š
С̫˵ʮүʮүȥطGͶˡ
Ժȥ֪Ӻʱʼ԰˼ֲͬ˴༸֧ϲĻǴ༸ʺϴ󰢸ݵļɽ
ͨģ·
طG̴ǣϲ
ڴ˷£صԺü۾º͡
Ρʡ
ϰͷѵ˵ͻҲǰ˭Ƿһ
Щɬ䣬һԵطGգգۣЦЦòã
ܺõģѹ
ͻ
һ־޴ı˽ЯסѲá
̵Сཱུǲ𣿡
ڰǰԳֽĵСŮ̬ȴ㵱ڡ
ҽҽһĻ
طG
Цˡ
ϣ
Цˡ
̣Լ๫ЦˣȻ̵ЦݣЩƾ;ˡ
ˣ
ͳöһֻȵĴͷѯʡ
ϵͷ
úû˼ʲôû˼ʶ⼳ȡů̸ˡ
طGһ
Ŵͷµ顣ϲԵУĶš
ͳԵѹЩͣ΢΢İơԺ磬ĽŹ¡
һСûסֱֺǺǵգ۾ֵֵֻС
žЩԣСԴʣ⹫ôƿһڼҶ
Ȼǻʲôӡ
סС԰ӣ귨סڳ԰Ҳܽһ
طG˶٣ΪǵĳǱǵĴ塣
ͣ廨ʹݵİ£
ôһ˵˲ˡ
طGƬ̣ݺûʲôë˵ȷʵ
ǰ׽ģ˵ʱ˵Ĺ¡ڵ
Ͷʱˡ
ϿطGͷ˯ţϲָо񱻰ȫİš
ƵĻţ¶ЩСطG
ͱյ
Щġ
ȵڶ˯ѣͼЦģչ͸
϶ʱڴĿжơ
϶⡣ֱӴƱ
Ͼ̲סЦԹԣ
Ѿ̲סڴˡ
ͼóһֻСƻƵģ·ҡҡڰڣʱСԴۻƵĳ
ģɰ
;ʵʵ˵ںɽСͦɰģˡ
ϣ
ԤУⲻǼ
Ȼ˶֪ʲô˶ôҲҪʳǣŷ֣ʲôᡣ
һֻԳԺȺ˯С̡
ȴϲĲˡ
ʾҪι
ǲϵӾͱķǳʣһƼɫëë棬һƼĺӰһƼǰݡ

˼š
û״ɵĸɫëëԼⱲӼëë涼ûôࡣ
ͰСĿš
ɰ𣿡
Ƽʱ˿ͨİ׺ôϡȴëëҪǿˡ
㿴ܱ
һľ
˶ʵǲپˡ
ɫԽ
ʹҴܣϣһĹ
һ𣬶Ŵ͸Ųͷꡣ
Ըʲôʡ
ϳƬ̣ƽĳ󡣡

СԴ첲ϣԸʲô
ҡͷ
һ죬һŮӿɳɻ飬ѡǷӵ磬ѡʲô
ʡ
벻Ǹʲô磬Ҳ˵ٲ͵ĻȻˣû
ô裬ҲǼһ衣
͵ͷ
˰Լ֪˵ʲôƤӴܣ˯ˡ
ŴǣһƬɣԸҲˣĵ˯ţҲû뿪ůůһƬ
ִߣҪġ
Ŀ
ҾǰЩӵĵЩĪǾۣһˣͻˡ
ŴЦᡣ
طGͼڸʹȣɵüͷź㣬ź
ϻ벻⣬ǳ檻ź㡣
˵תеȣȣЦǧү⡣
طG
Խˣǰ˵ʲôү
Ȼ鶯˫˿ǰţֲãûó
ʢѹ
ϲԵУʢӦ£Ժȥ
ܿ죬ֻ
һС̫࣬ﶼ̡
š˵˵֡
ϿūŲĲص̽Һܿͱڵ޴½š
Щ⣬ɵԭء
طGƳһۣת뿪ˡ
һʱĲˣֻͨƬҲ׹Ǹĳֻ²ʹ죬ǰˡ
أʹ졣
ͼ̵ĿŶֿˡ
Ⱥˣ̲סգգ۾ҵⱦ̲סЦǰģ
ͷ
š
󷽷ϲģ
ͰСԴԹҡͷкӣôϲŮ˵Ρ
ϻǸ˸Ȧ󣬿رÿ
ԹԡЦͷ
ϲĲˡ
;ͳ̵Ц
㣡
ȦŤСƨɻζȦϵգ̵ЦС̫ɰ˰ȡ
ײǸģ΢Щ
ϲü
˵Ҫϲ͸ٴһ
͵ͷ
ԹԵϻ޲ڣ˵Ⱳ˵£̡
ϺЦĺϲ£졣
ҲǶ˵
§һһһ䣬ůڣĲˡ
طG
ۡ
̤߽𵶵̫ʦϣһںź͵ĸɤӡ
յֺ֣Ǻǵǰү硣
ȳ𣿡
طĢ̧򢣬һ
;۾ЦףҰ۾ϡ
˵ཱུСסԼ۾ס
Щߡ
ˮĴ꣬ϴǦģżʵĶޣƫƫⴽ΢̣ǹȥһ
طG˹ƣסµ򢣬ס۾ཱུĴһڡ
ౡ

Ϻ˶طGȴûһ
Ŷ;̾
һͷͼСַֿ¶Ө˫ζĿˡ
ס
ٺһЦ𣿡
طGƳһۣ˵о䡣
͹ԹԵסԼ۾ֺǺǵĿطG£ֲ
طGɫתҪԼҸͼСſЦĿš

룬ٲҪˡ
͹ԹԵĹ۾
طG˫չ˱Ц
УطG˶
ţһʱ޻
ҺҵĶġ
Щ׽
õĻᣬô˷ˡ
꣬׶ѽ
§Űѽ
һɸ֡
طGʢʹ˸ɫʾѺ͸ȥСȰȵģ̫˵ˡ
ͱߣżҪ˵һ䡣
Ѽ
ȾѬ㣬Ĺ㣬ǰģ
طGüĽſˡ
ͰСʣڴǰŬҿȻΪ˲̼ǵ۾ڲֺһֽ
ͷ
ͺż
û취;Сɡյ԰ȥ
·ط_
ʮ壿ɵĻ
ЩʵЩȷֱط_
ȥҡ
ұߵС̫ࡣ
ſЦеʮ屧
ط_˵ȥ˲ְ£Լȥ
Ϊһ𾪡
ط_ЦôΣӵĹǺȻԸٱӡ
βӣġĵ
Ȼط_˵죬ѺϪſһӣתˡ
귨
С𣬾Ц⺢ӣһҲ벻ˣճˡ
յܽȥƼϳΧһҲ֪Щʲô
͡Ц𣬳֣ʾ
ЩߣΣ
ŴŴͷ
ʲôѽ


73 
, ȥ̡һ
ȻҲҪ˽ԷĻ͹顣
СԴʦĳģ귨Ȼʥ
ֺ֪ͬǺһЦ, , úúãԡ
ԶҲ֪
ڳֹϾС, Ȼ˳ʹйЩȻҪۿ, ֪ʵ
;ûȥĿܡ
û뵽ȥѡط_
ʮ壿
ʰ綼ǱھУȥصֵҲȥ˾ͻ, ȥµ˵
, ط_ͷһ
Ҳȥ
յܽϪ, Ͽϥͷ, ཱུСĿ귨, Ҳȥ, òѽ
Ĳˡ
̽ģ;ûϲĲˡ
һѽ, һ, һ£һ
ֱʫ
Ҫʫһ
סˡ
޶üȥģ
Ļأ˵ԼҲȥŷ޿, ʱ򣬹ҵʼû
Ӧûῴܶѿģ˼Ķ
صڵ㣬ԼܰæЩʲô
Ҫٱ°ˡ
ŶӦһ
νܡ
̣·ϵˮҪô
;СͣͼΪԼ飺㿴Ҷ԰ø͸
̵Ĺ᳹ҪӾȿŵԭܾɶ귨ǿȥҲС
˼ǼٵģҪǲġ
ЦĿԡ
ͣ
Ӧô;¡
գŰɵʡ
ͷ
ԭҪѲȻҪġ
͵õ϶ش𣬷̫ˣŰɵ뿪ٻС԰ӣͼԼҰʯ£ط_һԵļǰ
ꡫʮ壡
̵Ĵк
˻ûЦطGɫ࣬Ŀط_ѹȥ·;ңԶܵס˷ĥ
ط_һԵαȵܵܳԵķ࣬Щ·Ҳһ߳ˡ
طGɫЩŬĻ˻ͼȰο
˵ˣ˷ɽˮԶ֮ա
ط_˿ˡ
˵գתߡ
·͵ʱ򣬾СԴʮˡ
ͰСԴͷ˲겻̫ƣҵ
סŲ˰֣վûлͷ
ͻͷˡ
ͷŰ꣬ԥƬ̣ʣôʮȥһû뵽ѡ
ΪǺµĹԱȥǸӰȥ㳤ԶΣյ;ʵЩ˼
طGΣΧһۣѹʣ귨˵ط_ʲô
УЩ̽
Ȼ̧ͷطG¶ྫµߣ䣬΢Щš
ôһ˲䣬ˡ
ûСͺ
ӡ
ֵܡ
СǣطGĴơ
кܶ໰˵ȴѹؿڣȻͷطGĻꡣ
гһջɻʵۡ
һ֮䣬ǷҲ֪Ҳ롣
꣬Ȧˡ
طGĬŽ
ͿѣԹԵСԴ
ĺȡ
طGůڵС̣ϵѶʪ͸ˣû÷£ޣ
Ӧ
ľ飬ʱĳӦ˯²ʡ
΢΢ͷȻͳëϻ飬˯ĸСһ
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İѺͷڻԺ󣬷ߡ
˯ˣѹ
طGһ
ڴߡ
ط_Ҫȥ
ͳЩãȻڼžĿռԵƵġ
ͷڻأи˵ԵԶ޷˵
޶
ʲôڱϣ̫ˡ
طGͷԷգְۣհҰ㡣
š
ͷȥ
΢Щ룬ײƣסϵĲѹ
⧲ƺߡ
Ⱥ˯ѣɫƵûһ˿硣
ȵСͨ졣
ߣĸȣˣһЦ
͹ԹԵͷ
Ա롣˵
ϱ˵Ҳԣǽõ¶ֱĲˡ
ҹԻ磬ūŸ㱸ţúõĳһ١
á
ͳӦ£Ҳ֪ģǶģͲĽ
ôߣС˯˯˳ԣ˾ͺֿʼ˯˯˳ԡ
Ͼú棬̳˵ѿһӭͳʵУûô򵥡
ʱǾͻˡ˵
ͶʱЩʧ䡣
СȭͷĸСֻŶ
ѾҪȲ
ҲȲ
ʵ̫ĥˣﱻңػؾôˣŲ磬Ѿˡ
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˵֣һţĸо
ϾԼҲܡ
رܡ
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ͷҪ˯ˡ
һꡣ
·ԶǴӶ䵽䣬Ǵǰ
ȥˡ
ƫƫ˫̥Ҫӡ
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ͷ
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ͣ
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ֺ£һ˻ֲ
һ¶Ƚ㣬æֻرԡ
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Ҷ龰Ⱦ˺ܺõ⡣
ͰСԴ귨Ա롣
ڰ֣ʾūȥ
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ֱˡ
ЦЦĿ
ڴ˴ùҪȥ١ѹ˵¡
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ڰ֣˵ⶼһˣ˾
š
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ؿ
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ͼɫǺ̶ݾסһ״޿еء
ˣҪæˡ˵
͹ཱུСգСԴæʲô
ı뻹ûԡ
СӣЦ
ͼŹǰһС̫̣Ȼĳʳͳ֣ͼͷ顣顢顢顢õ±ǡ˿ξѡ
ͺ̰ģÿ˴һס
ѱͷ̵
ĳһڣ۾
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඼û
;ͺٺٺٵЦ
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ĳһڡ
˵
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Ҩһڣ̡
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Ϊϲ귨ˡ
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룬ĸ˵Ҳš
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ź˫⺢ӵ۾
ůůġ
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Ϊˡ
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ˡ
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ưˡ
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ط_ʱ죺طʱ˵ʲô
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ҲͲʣЩ䣺ʮʱ˵Щף귨õļ黰˽½ྡТ
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ⱦ̨ǰ˼
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ͣ
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ţˡ
ʢĵĵͳһأҲڳˡ
ĺÿĺã˶͸¶һ¾õС
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;Ǿ䣬ɫۣˡ
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СԴŹԹԵ̵ЦЦܳˡ
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̽ſţȵĿﶼ̹ġ
á
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ˡ
ӵʱǳģĻźӡڴȡ
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ʲôϡ
Ͷˡ
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ҲգԹԵԼȥ棬յԼǮϻӣȥ򣡡
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طƫûʲôöС
룬Ҳò
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Ц۾
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١ҹüͷ
١ѹһȣһ˲ˡ
ŲĸҰˡ
졣˵
ֱҧһһĸо

ϽüͷҪ١ôūŵģ
˵ֱӰڰ֣ﳤȥ


74 
Խˡ
ϻȥһ, 飬ЩѪҩ֭ӡ
ԡ, ̥, С֣ɵЦˡ
ӤԱߣź̵С, Ŀɰڰװֵģ۾һ
ܵʲôʱ˵ͺʡ
ϳƬ, Ż˵һ˵֣죬̣̽Ǿͻи硣
˲Բ۾
, , , 뻹졣
С, 룬յź, ϧⲻǸõԸˡ
, һʱһ죬һһ붼ɡ
СĴ˴ֻ̰, Ķ, ˵ǽǳЩ档
ԲɵҡͷʧЦ
еţͼطG̤߽һŵĴŸ, ˹ºȲ衣
¡ƶ˵ǼͷС檳ײ㣬ζ⣬ſޡطGƷŲ裬ɫ
ϲŭɫһʱҲЩòס
ү˼ǡ̽ʡ
طGƣӨС´ζ֡
ˣ

¡ƶʵ˵ʲôҿ޵滨òۣ˵˵
ԣ󰢸ǲɡ
һĶʱڶ˵ͷһΣҲûƽϣүˣֵķ꣬ײ棬Ҳˣ˭֪һٶ˭۸һ
üͷв⣬Ұˣ¡ƶ͸үΪĿ
˵䲻ģ˵еĸ˵˵ǽ
Ů˼¶ү֣ҲӶˡôЩԣƬ̣Ů˵ĵʣ²Ǹ޵ġ
طGüҡͷ֪
Ӵࡣ
˵ɵõԲ˫Ķʵڸɫѡϴ׹Ψϴס
סˡ
ˣжί
ϾЦСԴûû£ﲻί
ԭг𵱳ˣԼүҲΪĿůůͣĲˡ
͹ԹԵĳŵģ˵ģŴζЩͿڡ
ﳢ
С֡
ϴĽӹʲôܳԣƼʲô졣
óԡסڵĿ䡣
ںͰԵĺ󣬰װʦĥôĺóԣ˵лҲվ¿ζ
ʱܺóԣʱ¿ζԣ;ûӡ
ͺϲ
һεرóԡ
Ͱذسڣ̺ȣ̾˿
è̺õĵط˸뷽跨óԵģΪһġ
èʱڡ
üۼЩһʱȻ벻
ЩӦüĶЩģ壬ͷԼҪЩ죬ǵõĶǺܺõĶ
кܺõİ꣬кܺõĶ
Ŀǰ˵ҲǲմԽʱ꿴İ
Сָͷ㣬аҪ˵ģΪİϡ٣
ɽڻ
¶̵Ц
ûסϵ⣬ȵĸβ
á䡣
ȡԴ˵ͳ
ϲɵЦˣĿǳЦŵȻ๫ҲǼõġ
طG̵Ųˮȣ⻰òӡ
ȻʹһɨܿӺ͸ˡ
ķǵˡ
ûҴСϷ걧
˵꣬Լסˡ
ﶼϲױٸ߸ߣ޲ڰϣܰϱȱЩһ
Ȼһж޲
ˡ
ζԽĽ䲻ˡ
طGſ˫ۣڻᣬȴ˵͵Ļˣ㽿
ͺٺһЦСԴЦ̡
һ죬ͼһСŮʧɫĳһƽź˸СŮһüͷлֱ˵ðʧʲô
СŮȻŵĲӣͰ͵ȥƣ˸Ҫ
׼Ȼȫͷһ̥ŵĺܡ
ͷūû¶ҲǻŵĲɡ
ϾڵĹǣһۣͺȥɩү˺üضûá
ϵͽūʰԼѣСξˣտţͳź֣Ȼ㡣
ϾСǣŵ
͹ԹԵĸϣڶﻳǵǸıʷĽڵ㣬ϣƽȶȹ
˵ˣͼүԺģūʲôĶУطҲЩţԺȥϹ߳ŵЦݶˡ
һ˲䰲ԸϾƽｻãǰźūŶʶܿͰźûƣ־
æңҲЩš
طȵţؿҵķƽ˿ʲô
һߵǰ£үͷ㣬ɩҲˡ
յܵ棬Ŵ濴ŴߴߴС𣺡ỰͣҸӣ̵ָͷôֵĴӣ
ģ
ĳŵϲɵЦˣɣš
˵žͳһʹ
ͷһ̥ʲôҲᣬȫʹڲϣ¸ָϽǰ
ڴţţ͹һᣬŬѹſǻԼȦ
һһĻǮЩڻ£⡣
Цˡ
ϣ
ҵĺôӵʱҲûڡ
ߣĸҲҪӴȦ
ͰཱུС㲻ҲҪɣ
Ҷ϶Ǵ˵ˡ
ϣ
ȷʵͦ׵ģҪӡ
еģҶҲҪУûҲ졣
ͦԼཱུСظ˵ĵô¡
ֱЦˡ
ȥøٱ衣ͷԸ
ϪݵȨС԰ӶӶƽ￵ôĬ顣
ϪݵķΧڣԸһūŸ¡
طЩⲽҲ֪һ̥ǰ绹Ǹ񣬲һλͦãǸȿҲǲܽܡ
ţϾѹֲסˡ
Ͽһۣﻹ⣬֪ͦ۸֪Ӳס
ġ
Ůĺࡣ
סȣˣҺ¡
ϵıЦú֮ͯԻͦ˼ڻʼңһ£ûκЭء
ܹҪģǱ
ǰãĸүûңˣȴЩɬ
ԺиòСطźһ˲һˮ硣
Щġ
ȷӦʱ򣬲ŷ˼ҵ£ʲô£һ깦򣬾Ͱˣڵĵطôˡ
û˵û
;ȥǽԼڴ̨˦ƯѼٸͷ棡
ûסЦˡ
⺢ʵģ˭ϲӡ
һЦͶ˶ӡ
Թԣꡣ˵
˵Ӿеžַ͹ԹԵĻš
һĹ򣬾ڴϤĿ۵
Ȼ
طˣ̤ǰ˶٣̲סڣǰ绹ǹ
ڴֵǹ
طЩʧûеӡ
ôʡ
˵һжãȻʰ²ܼˡ
ɩڴ˸
Ͻ߽ȥһǱɵۼˡ
ĸŮ԰Цſޡ
ūһһѪˮ˳ȥɵۼˡ
𣿡˫̥رѡ
Ͽɫƣ꺢ӣ˲Ϳľ񣬵˵Ǿġ
һֱиС磬Ǹ񣬵Ҳõģкĸĸ
ϳſ˵š
ú͸֡˵
϶ʱЩΪѣǸӣܶʲôֿɲʲá
ͼ˸ŴЦˣ𡣡
ạ̃϶ĸǡ
ȺҪ󣬵ʱ֧ҵԸ⡣
Ȼһ죬Ϳסˡ
ɶãȻ޴롣
СԴЦŵȥ룬ϴ֮ǰͳˡ
;͹ԹԵͷ
ͻȻһýʱͣСþͽ͡
һǽ
üġ
Щ
˭֪ҵĹϲĽİ壺ɡ
γĬ
ط룺
⣬ԼҸ֣Ӧǣʲôʱֵ˵
ȻԸ⣡Ч
ʹĻϲˣְһ⣬һжŷȥ
һУԭӦǹ𣬻ɣȻˣɲƣڹͷ˵ϻ
طǻǻܣȻӣǸǽ֧ӦŰˣõģþš
ɫ͸ˣһɫ財
Ͽţ̲סЦˣҲˣ¼ӣֻҪţĸ֮λˡ
Ů˼ѡ
̾˿
ٽ԰ӵʱԶԶľƼƵĵƹ⡣
Ԥţٵǰˡ
͵ûʲô
ſС֣ĳȥ
갢걧
̵С𣬾žһС໵һˡ
ǵԽԽˡ
ϸհѺͷͼطGѾǰŰ˽յƣճһССء
ƽʢ
طGһѽϱ
һĺͣá
ʲôµĶЩ̫
ᣬС첲
طGֽ
ȥȣɡ
طG룬ȥˡ

ȵԺйĵطͲٱţҪƼá
طGΪƹǯһֺ
ͷѣûˡ
͵Ǹ˵
ϲֶһĸо
꣬ˣҾֱֱ̵Ļ
طGԱϳԣԣǴڶġ
԰ӣŰ˷¡
ѾáطG˵һ䣬ͱźȥ鹦Ρ
߽ԡңȻѾã滹ƯĻ꣬𴽽ǡ
ԼѾүƵ
֪Լ˭ˡ
Լ䰢ˣһһʣЩȡֵĿ
Ǿ仰һҳһΣǰʲôʲô
лҪ˵壬Ҫ˵ߵµı
ͺס
ཱུСش̵ճСͣٺ١
ͦСظһ̵Ưͬҵ
طG
ˡ
Ȼ
˼ҵĺӣ
ϲ̵ĿģطGʲôû˵ֻ
Ͷʱֵ۾
ٺٺ١ֱЦɶɵӡ
طG¶Ҳ̶õı飬СҲϴȥ˯ˡ
͹ԹԵͷ
Լȥϴԡ£ԹԵڴ˯ˡ
һ˯
˲Ͱ
طGϣɫȥ鷿
һ
ŴԡձѬκ죬رĽġ
طGҪ
˲ˮ⣬ӣ۵ĴЩ£𡣡
ܾûᱻ
үʲôطGĵ
ǣ޹ǵС֣ʩʩȻ鷿ȥ߽ƼаźЩˣоơ
Һһ̸طGɫ档
ϳɵĿˡ
šӦ¡
طGü΢£ľҲǺڸƣر
Ϻһڣ˲׹ġ
ͺ޷ĳտžơ
ϸܵĺ飬Եûɫ㡣
طGɫ˹ĴָűǼĺ飬˿԰ˡ
ԥ
͵Ļᷢʲô˼¡
û£ŵ
ȴطGǽ޳ĴƴۣġһĽɫĿӡ
մıӿˣѾɿ뿪ԼԼ¶ʵš
ɨһۣѾǽʵؼ͸ָмá
ǿŲĿ⡣
˼ơ
ľƣڶȴ˵Ľͨ죬õĽͣȾ
طGºͺ͵һ
ź޺
ûзŵУĿٱࡣ
ӣ
ԩҡ
ȵڶ˯ѣͱ۾ߣûӰúһˣ͵ֵȥˡ
ͼû
ףҲô粻ɡ
ԼС̵ķ´Ļ
˸Ͻǰź˸ȥǰԺæˡ
;͹ԹԸȥϴţۿʱ䲻磬ɻʣûæꣿ
δ˸Ҷ˵
ҹû
͹ԹԵӦһʹȥ鷿Ҷæʲô˸סˣ˵ʱ磬ȥϪݵʱҪˡ
գ˵ûмöչԼ
˵꣬Ϫȥ·ϣŸƯʲôγ
˾ֵĹ¹ˣҪһһСҪһΡ
˭ʡ
Ư


75 
Ż
, СͣһɰСӣɵЦ, 㻹ͦģ
, ͽΡ
ΪҺá˵
֪ļѣȻҪúõĻ
ͷû˵, ҲҪ̵Ƿǳûġ
˼ף۵ԼĽӳ, ǴΣһһС͸༸׶Ǹġ
ŵװס
ʹĽˣʹĽ, ͸ˡ
ӰӶûС
̵, Ȼûټͷ
Ū, һ޹İͷ, 귨Ҷˡ
ҲͰˣٳԵȵ㡣
һ, ԸŹȥŷԵ, Ҳů
̳Աˣ˶ɢһĹΡ
귨, ϲ귨, ǻ귨ˣǻ귨ĹԻ귨ܸǮǮ𣿡
ͰСԴ̵˵
Ҫʶ귨ˡ
ҪǮ, Ȼ˵ڣҲæʵûҪˡ
ȥáֱָǮϻӵ
ͿֵȥǮ
һ룬յܻſףǮԼСϻ
üɫСӣɵЦˣҪǮϻӸȥ
ȱġ
Цü䣬ǲɣġ
ָ֪ҡ
ûסڻС˲䣬ţʫԻ
ûͷҡͷ
ʣʾǲ֪
ŵģʵش⣬ҭš
ôţСֲȥŶ

ԲСɵЦΣסƢˣƤ
Сӣ밤ᡣҲ£һᣬЦЦµġ
;§ſĲգ귨ͣ𣿡
СĲͶ귨
ֵһʱ䶼֪ҪҪܾûθС
Ƥ
Ͱͷſףյ·ˡһֺ󱳷ĸоһ㣬Ҫˡ
Ц
ô
ͻȥ󣬶ϴϴˣͻȻԼŴûü˵Ҫ֣ɵ
ٲ˵
ǺҪ¶
Ȧˣգգ۾ҵҪдġ
ϺЦ⺢ӻͦġ
úúãд
һдһߴ
ƽ˯ĵ㣬ЩƲסԼ
һͷϣ˯
ϼˣϽ˸ȥһǳˡ
⺢ӣͦɿҵġ
طGͼϰһŴ֣ŬϰΣüʣ˭ˣ
дߵ
ϾЦ˵ԼдģطGɵסϸ꣬ôò̫
ǣĶ⹤ü
˻ǵ֣һͷϣŰȥ˯
˵Ż⾧貣ӳطGӰ
үҧҧꡣ
طG޳ĴָƯĴ˲̺̲סЦ
ԡ
Ż£ǳǳǾϡ
գգۣߺһҹٲ
δã̫Щ£ܾûٴѿ
ôţǼһᣬȦͺ
طG۽üҶˮ⣬޳ָָ˲ү㣬¡
պ壬˰ġ
ɫһ
ϴطGţ˯ţ̽Žѣһү˯ˡ
طGû˵
Լ˯ˡ
ϲɵЦְѸ첲ȥץ˺󣬾˿ȥڼѣүһ¡
طGһָסĶͷ
ɡ˵
ԭûʲôչҪοΪԼ
ССһţáطGţǰܶȻҪġ
롪
ݿ򢡣
Ⱥ˯ѣڴϴһȵķ֣ԼҰֲԺ˯
˶æ
ǺͲ⣬æ˼⣬Բ˼ˡ
ܿ͵ϴ񣬺̥ʢȣ˱ոֱʢ
Ͼֱƣ˱ո·ˡ
ƽûʲôǳˮæ
ÿͷ˼˵ĳЩ£ࣿһͷĸо
ʣҲÿ˿ü
һͣʻŽ
̶̰˸֣˵Ŀ
طGûʲô飬ͷ˼
̫ӽǰĴͷⲻͬѡɰ˱ա̫ӱͷĴҲҲԵطĸߡ
طG˼ǺĬĿԡ
òܣ̫ӵ꣬һ˿ɼҪȸһǱȻǺ޿ɱԡЩ磬ҲصĽпޣȻκ˺̫ܴۣϼӳʹ
طGŷ飬˿»Բݷǡ
Ƚ˰˱ոͼطڸ̨٩٩̸ıһ񶼼ȥ
Ͼǣź͵֣լȥˣҲ졣
ȵʱ򣬾ͼΧһȦˣСɤӿޣ˵ĸˣϾͶȵĿ⡣
ϣ
Χôʲô
꺢Ҫﾭסôˡ
ϲɵ֧̾ЦݣЦŵ֪Ǹӣֻǵúţˣȳӣٺ۾ۡ˵һŮȥ
Χڴ˴ܣҲܡ
˵˵ЦЦģҲ˵ʲô͸һˡ
ûߣͣĺ壺²£޲ŶͰһ㶼ˡ
˿
⺢Ӳ죬Сèһžͽ۵ĽЩ˵ǿͣûаѿԴϵĵ
ͣԶһͳһ
Ƶӣ;ˣû¶ಹöܳԣ֣иèҪǳԲ֣ǿز۷յġ
ȵӲźˮЦŵãһԵԲֹĹĲſɰء
ͬͷ
Ѿ֪ôžͺˡ
ƯƯáסڵĿ䡣
˵ϾЩе󡣡
Ŵβһ̾ǲ֪ʱһаô۾СҪһ۾Ĺĵģӻ
Ƥڡ
һ˲䣬ı˳ɴˡ
˵ԼүҲǷٿ㣬ԼǾˣô̡
ź͵ֵġ
ϧ
һ̾
ͱ۾䣬ʲôôС϶ǸƯˣʲô۾߳ģԺ϶Ǹ۾ʲôССģ϶ܳɾ١
ôһͨ䣬ǰѹϸЦˣСЦŵá
İ硣
Զһˡ
ǲͲ
˯ȥҶͼ˵˵žûʲô
ϵͷ
֪ʲô飬ǰǸӪĳһھоʱ򣬲֪ԭķӪлҪ塣
ȥɡ˵꣬۾˯ˡ
ͿԿĸҴҴӣŴС̫ȥѰϣһŵ
Ĵ˸Ƿ
ϾСƨɣȥһ˯
ҡͷѹҪ
ǿ׳ġ
˵ţɵЦˣߡ
ҡͷʧЦ
ǲ̫ҪˣܵıЩ
Ȼûһˣ˲֧۾˵ɵͭ壬Ҳ޼
ſɿɰСӡ
˻ڹάĸ˫̥ǼףӶ£һ㶼ûж䲻ÿԽĹʻž֪ļΪҸ϶ǳĺΡ꺢ӣûб󣬷ÿˡ
˰˼⣬˭꺢ӲʢĻһʢ˼䡣
ɼĵ˼
˶۲ѣıղǵ⣬˶ΣִֵĿˣ־ļ䣬ЦһЩȫ⣬ʱ˵Ĳϣ˵οʽ
˵ţŷ֣ĸʹ󰢸紩Щ񡣡һ壬ͬⱦ
ǣʲôװţװһҼڶһڻأĶˣϡˡ
ͷһμȻǾú˼бսˣ֪ԭıүĴ롣һ֪һˡ
꣡꣡ҡ֡
طGƼȵ˵ķк
ͱŻ֣طG˳ûˣŷ֣յܻȥϣſˡ
Ҳˡ
ϾѸһܺñϡ
ˣ
ſֶһڵģʲôǡ
ɢˣϰŰ׶ͳȥȥ
ۡ
ճӣ
ͿˣͷСȭͷһԸˣЩܻȥйŮ
ԲཱུС֣Цŵ֪۶ǻҹ˯ѸǱӵС̡
ﲻ˭ĺ塣
ԺȢޣҪ˵Ӳ˭ˡϺЦͷ
˼һ£ͷǿ϶
ϾаֻۣҪúõӾͳˡ
ϣ
˵ʵ̣ˣ;ġ
˵öԣ˵ʱףúĶǡ㡣˵ԼЦˣ̲꣬ﶮЩ˵Ҳĥ
Ӱ˱ոطGͿʼĻţҲ֪ЩʲôһЩı
϶֧طGġ
ʮţ;ŷ۷Ź⣬طGһʣ𿪿
طGϽӹüͷ𿪡
ҵдЩдϵɽ꣬дϼдչ⣬д·ϵĳͶԺ͵˼
طGмȴֻƬ
ɵ죺ƨͨ
ϡ
͸Ͻֽ̣Цļۡ
һ۵Ҳȥ
˵ͻȻ뵽δĺܶҢС⡣
Ҳ֪Ƿڴ˴
͹˹طG֣꣬ʮ˵ˡ
طGĬ
ûһ䡣
˵Ǹıոļ飬ϼ֣ճɸıո͵ļ顣
طGɫ
;͸Ͻ壺㿴ɽ㿴㹲͡
طGȤ
˻
ĸ磬Ǻϵɽĸ硭
˵꣬һֻƾסСͣ֡
ͽǿн
رǿС
;ЦģʮıŤ꣬Ĳ㣬㿴֡
⸽ϵҵģ飬ġ
٩٩̸˵ĺô¡
طGţĻɫ
͡
ͰСԴ˲Ǽĺ飬ĺ룬ͦѺ塣
һԿţɵЦȻģűǣȥɽˮ澭ˡ
ǿһߵĵط
ǴʥɮȡžŰʮһѣȡ澭ȥĸԶĵطɲǸˡ
ԣطGֳȥ
ط_ѡ񣬵ĵ׻Щʹ죬Ĺ˲סҪдһ·Ҷƴ
벻ͨȥ
ͣüͷʣ˵ʲôˣ
˵м䣬һ˻ԥĻ˻Ǻ͡
һãȻ
Ҳꡣһ꣬ÿѰעʲôӡ
˵ʲôĻ⡣طGʡ
գܡ
һ˵è̵µΰٵ˵
㻹˵ʲôطGʡ
ϼüͷںͱϣؿԼүǡط_˭뿴ģ¶һ̵ͷϾ͹ˡ
طG棬֪ˣط_Ǹðʧӣһʵ򵨴ϸ˵ȴͷԷʲôʲôбԵɡ
룬˵ʲôط_һˣǾ˵㹻Ҫ
ҡͷ
ʲôû˵
طGŷ¡
£Ȼʮ壬˭Խȥ˵
ɫࡣ
ѯʣŷ֣϶䱸ĺǿѯˣںͱϺš
͡
Ŭڽͣڻ룬βסľš
Ƕá
⻰ûЦЩãȻĿŰ꣬ȷʵ£ʷ˶˰ϧţǸӲܡ
ϾȨġ
΢񣬿Լӣɫ޵Ưָס
šĵӦһ
طG
üͷ˼⣬һеô¡
ǽ޳ָཱུС°͡ůһָڴѩϸ°ϣһºÿ
طG۾Į
һŴ
գգۣ̽ؿطG۾ϸ΢ıУԼҪϢ
طGһɬ

Сǿɰ޺ģ˫ֿ档аӣ鶼ŷ
͵˫ʱ棬ʱɣ
ģǺǹ⡣
طGۡ


76 
һ˵ӡ
, ĺ˵ʱĿ⵭ġ
Ͻͻ
طG, θߴ, Ӱ޶ڣ½вʱ˵İɫġ
֡
ϾǿĿ߳ˮ, ȴȴ벽˫ǿ׳Ǳסļžͺ
ƽ׾ٵĵ۱, ʱ˶ЩĿֲ
ֱͦ
ͰཱུСס, ͼԼ
һ, ;޿
䵭
δ
, Ƭ̹󱳾ʪ͸ˡ
طGǼҲ߳ˮ
ǰһ, У뻳ǵļ, û˵, ɿ̤뿪ˡ
˲סſڴ⿴, ͼطGл, ٵʧԺ
̣
ָЩʣꡭ
ϱǼһ᣺
ǺЩľԱˣӦѧطGǽų֮⡣
, һʱЩס
ͳӦŰһ㣬ȻʷӺײϵֳ
ˣһһ
Ŀǰİüˣõİꡣ
СԴԹԲ¡
ҡͷʲôµġ
һţǣİˣ˿ĵġè̵ĿɰܵС
ȥܵá˵
һ̥϶ʱʲôˣֺǺǵһһݶѿһ
ѿܵܣѿá
ѵţͺûݵСֺͣǺǵЦ
ѽ
ѽӴ
Сͨ죬ŬİСִ޶ź¶̵Ц
̫ɰ˰ȡͱȵĸβ
ϲĲˡ
̡ʱС̣񳤵ĺǺÿཱུСĴ۾̵ĽëӤ
ѽ
ʱͷѾ̵ľڰԼС첲ˡֺǺǵĻС첲ŬС
Ȼ첲̫̣š
úͺǹ飬ȻǰͷܵʱҲǸ첲̫̱סͷ
û취Լ
ͣҪСȭͷߡ
ţһֱŵ˲Ż
ͷˣȥʲô翿ԼԼѧʶǿھǴ
͹ԹԵȥˡ
Ҳ֡
ķŭô˶
ⲻС
÷ܶϡ
飡Ԫȭ׳־Ѿš
ȱ飬һЩ̲סԼĻλԴͷ׶̹ɵļ汳顣
ȣһʵ
Ҳġ
ǰɹһֻСȸ̣ѧӡ
ˡһȥЩ
ԹȥٱĺѡӻĴн
ѭһֱ˯Ҳû˯ţһֱڱҲûᡣ
ס
˦˦СԴһģЩ飬Ǵŷ
˯һ˵
飬ͷ˯
ܶɹȴ˯𡣲ɵҡͷʧЦ׳־Ѿˡ
ɰ̡
һڣæԼȥڼţ鶪²٣ڶҪһһ
˯һԼԹԵ͸ĵӺѧͲǸĽ
ˡ
;СƨɣԿĿʼ顣
δ֪ͦ˼
˵ţͷͨ˵ʮط
Ͳɵڴյܳȥ˽طĻʮ壡

طСԴЦʣ㰢ء;˵æȥˣȥæҲ֪
Щóԣԡ
ᡣ
ͿͰ㣬ЦеʮҲԣһ㡣
ó裬ͷֵССԱӣ岻㣬㡣
͹СôߣҲУдҺ£Ҫʮæ̡
ϴԺ߽ô仰ǸĶطЦЦߵĻë
طԭɩҲ˵ˣͲߣ㹪ɩġ
£طʹźȥ档
һһСǣ֣ûʲô⣬һѹͷ
᲻ˣطԥʡ
ҡͷ˦СŻΣҵûů㡣
طɫ΢Ƭ̺Цŵů
ϲ̵֣õĴڡ
룬ܹһ¾͸ˡ
ʮף̾СͣԹԵǰףرԹɫ׺̹
СԴŽż⣬ҡҡλεطϽһ㡣
ౣ
ĺܿģΪ㣬⡣
ҲһεʣĿۻԵɺ֮£һ㣬뾪ΪˣȻûʲôԡ
һʱ͢ҲΪλûȣͲЩ߰¡
ƽȣӯ¹㲻˽΢е㲻ĵطˣѰ˽
ǿ촬ܹˮ·ԡ׽ģŻỮôԡ
ΪǰĻȱڳԵģࡣطԾԸԼһóɲΪˡ
ѵá
ֲðЩ꣬Ǻʮߵý
⼸꣬оƷƱǨӰַ⵽볯񣬽һĹϷ̫Ȩ
ͼȦ˫ӱóзলľԱһʱŰ¼ܡ
ǴҶ֪ⲻɽ¥ˡ
ζ
ֻ̫̲طڳɣһү̫ӵͷ
⣬ͷϱĵϣܡ
ǸûƢˣҲÿ㿴ڻѵܹ˽£ȴ
Ҳû
һʱطȨ죬ЩһӦơ
ǿɰûǶäһ
طһ˲ſ
ˣһʱҲ˽¾Լδ
ôιӵĻطiȵû
;֪̫һʱᵹˡ
ûط֣Ϊʸ֮ģͷһ˳ۣǸıܵ촢֮λĿˡ
طGطĵʱ˵̫ӵĻӣֻҪסӮ
̫Ӷ֣Ȼıɡ
ɲ죬ԼҲԲ˺ܶࡣ
أطGͻȻ
ʷϣ̫ܵмˣʰûһǳصġԼ⿴Ϲصİ꣬ȴλߡ
ʲô֮Ƶģʤ
Щˡ
طGˡ
ҲΰҲΣǸܺõūţΨ׿Դ֣̫ܴ鷳ʹһβδ߲󡣡
ڵ
ǰ˵ܷʲô£̫ūŵĴÿӣϾԼԶûдĶ˽Ļ̫ܺӵĵ֮ԡ
ͽӴˣֻǣ̫״ϻۣºȶʣȻģ
Ҷûд
ȴߵ˲صĵز
еBE;ܡ
մԽڣΪʲôͬȻûУ˵ĳִĹ˭
ӼŵĹϵѾʼ񻯣̫׵塣
뵽ģطGҲܡ
ͷ˵˵
͹ԹԵͷСָסԼСͣ˰˭˵
ԹԵ
ŰɡطG˵
˵˿ϵ⣬͸߸˵Ŵͣ˸䣬ϵĺ촽
ͣ
Ҳضո䡣
֪ж󣬱ˡ
ʮ壬۲Сסط۾ЦеܿŶ
ط飺
ϣ
طG
ܼ򵥵һһ˵˵ʲôһ
ȡطGڵɤӣٶŪֱͣӽƵǰ˹Щ
ϼ۰Ͱ͵ģѹϽϵԡ
㡣
ȳԱˣƤһ£Ȼӿ˯½û
갢걧˯ˡ
طGſ˫۰ڻһ˯ɡ
Сһѣ˲ž˯ˡ
ط鶼Ľ˯
ʵ̫ˡ
˯С˵ҲǼɰġ
л˵ͽǰѺͱߣϲϵġ
ġҲȥ˯
Ȼˣ黹飬Ҫܲ
һ˯ѣԼڶĻɵ¶Цݣþöûˡ
Դ飬ûˡ
һ뻹ǣŴߴߴСǽһֱ̲֣òѽ
ȵͷҡͷ
ǲɣۡ
Ͼ顣
һͿôõĺӣ޲ðĶͳ
̫ϲˡ
æԼľǣӻţԺŴŴ
ֻаҲ꣬黹кܶࡣ
һһϦ
ϸжһͿֻµۣСף
ɶˣĲˡ
͹ԹԵͷ
һ¿ˮ
ˣԵƷ
ϾͷԸȥⲻʲôΪѵĶ
ȳԱˣյϪȥٱ귨ѹեͯ˭֪˵ʱ򣬾ͼһСк
ͣ
˯Ĺʧˣ
Ǻ𾪵ĽĿ
ĿɿڴСӣ벻ףˡ
֣߽ЩЦŵͬΪͶĽȿ׷ʮˣ㲻ոɣʲôԺģ
ͣ
귨ˣһСĻ˱˼ҵĺӡ
λǡͳʡ
ͣ˵ռҵĴ󰢸磬硣
Ϳ㣬Щȷϡʼﶼеһδ仯ر
硣ЦеĴк
˱죺ߡ

СŰĲɳΪԼҲǼϻ۵ģڸ˵̫УֱҪ
Ϳ۵Сɵú档
߸ߵ򢡣
䣬ͽԼڱ϶顣
ڿǻƬ̣ҪҪ˽ͱһ˫ʵı۰ڻ
Ĳñˣ
ƽûͷһĺܣ˾Ҫ˽ﱧ
;Ŀһۺ磬˼Ľ귨̧
˼
̧󰢸̫Ӵ̨Ǵ̹ʮ㣬̫ʽ΢ֱвֻ˸̧١
ϰԵָָȻһۣɵľ˺˭ҪСɿӦôд¡
һۺ硣
硫ĺ
һҲİС飬ȴԹԵߵǰ
ڸϵĿˣƤӣʲôû˵
ҿ֡Ҫࡣ
Ϊһӣ;˵ЩˣԾĲ׼
ôԷ߶̵ס
ЩԼһԵС̫ࡣ
յܵǰѹգżʮʱ
üˣ
;͹ԹԽ˵ϰԵСɲ⼪ף׵ָۣࡢࡢֵȣһ
ѧղһ֪⣬ǲ׼Ҳδ֪ţҲǸο
͡
¿ϣⶣĽҲһġ
ûʲôĵģֱӸʮظ·Ϸ⼫ˡ
룬ûЩ
Ŀһ
ȻոѾ֪үۣ˵ǿ佱ϣϡĽ
طʱܵû귨޵Ļûмˡ
űͷڱͨͺã˵ˣͨͳɣ͵ñĬд
Ҫ͵ῼ
ͣ
ˣɵˡ
һͨſ̧ոĶϴƵơ
ҺͻȻţʰ綼ˣҲѾȨˣĹͷ磬Ѿܶһ档
ͺ˼ˡ
ڷԹϣǻ⪣æĲˣͨϻûףǸֳˡ

Թײޡ
һġ
һ̾͵Сʣã̫𡣡
طGʹ
͵ĻشĿ
ȴɵĻأ϶ܣʱͬգֻҪ췴λȰ϶ȡ
췴ֱ˵겻ѡ
˵úãʱûʲôҪʵ۾ʲôҪġ
СԴΪͬĵͷ
벻ȥ棿ʡ
Ͷʱȥ棿ϣϣ
ȥԣ
һȥɽ
һ֪ǽĻҲУܱûǿ
ȻͰһʯͷǰ
ɣɽ
ʹס
ʯͷűһȣⴿûߡ
ɽ;ԲཱུСƨɣСɽ˲ȡ
Ҳᵽʲôûȸˡ
ŵԲ˫СӣɵЦȻǣ
徳ȷʵôߵɽ뻹ͦ˼ġ
ʹĿſʣȥİ


;Ӽ·һȦСüͷȥѽ

ڡ
ָָԼգ˹ջ벻㰢Ҳ
˲űˡ
Сͣ౵һڣͿ𣿡
ౡ
ڡ
˫ӣ˼˻ɡ
ȷء


77 
ӨӨЦ, ˲ףⲻĲԸ⣬ڶŪ, ֺǺǵſ, 귨аٰ̱ϡ
ʱͷһл귨
̲סЦ
úú, κ飬ȥıպĸû˵̣Ͼô, Ҵ硣
Ͷʱ
ȥĿĵδ͸¶
Сӣȥɽ
⾩ĵطࡣ
͸˼ˣ۾Цϲɽ
ȵɽ, ͼطGѾϹ, ˷, Ӣˬ
Ц֡
˷ܵıQ꣡
ֵЦ¸

Ķۡ
ſʱ, ûĳ
һĿʼɽ
˼, ϱǼ⿪ʼð, סѹ, Դſɬү, û
ͷһθܵʲôв
طGҲǡ
УɽҲɽ£Ĳˡڲôɫͷ, ɼܼˡ
Ͱͷ۵̱Ҳ֪岻
طGüͷ
˿һֻۣһڣɽȻкڣʲô
ȻͱȻǲɵġ
Сأʡ
ϽǰūǴСΡ
ԭСŲסġ
Ǹĸˡ
طGȴ˴ͣʾϽǰȥſҪ档
۽⽫һж͸Ŀ
СϷˡ
ǣź͵֣ǰߣûһطGҲԽˡ
ôһ򣬱㺹ʪ¡
һЩطдţ
طGҡͷ;Զˣûô㣬͸ļģҲ֪ʮĿյ
ܵġ
Ժͼţû
ĬĬĬɽǣߵĺͣҲ֪
һǻ£Լ˫硣
ͰཱུСһһˮСӿŸɰҺĽʮ塣
һ仰ǰɫ
ӵĴס䣬ӲʣĽʲô
һԵطGɫɽ
ͣ
Ҿһ˵뵽
ɽµĿ鶼ź࣬ʵϲˡ
ô˵ɵЦС뺬в˵ġ
ʮĲͬ
ĺӣĸڲԶΡ
αзҲС
طGͬͷ
үԭЩͬ˵
ͣ
ǸġġС̰ˡΪʲôҪЩʵ̫ˡ
òһ̡
ӡ
СָͣϵƣЦɵɵģаơ
¶Ҳ̶õı飬תƻٶȼֱǾˡ
طGƳһۡ
һ룬תת飬ʼˣûã⵽û귨ð걧
걧վǸ롣
طG˶Ǿܾġ
ǵĿһۣЭˣնպͣεԽƤˡ
;ͳЦС
СЪԼߡ֪оĲˣ
͹ԹԵͷ
֪ҡͷԵ
طGͷ˵ߣ˹ӸӶȻɡ
Ŵԣһ
귨⻰Ҫɰأ״ݺݵ귨
ЦЦȷʵ
յſطGʵľѣߺСϸĲϲ˲䣬ͻȻǰһ
귨ҵĲֺأǵǸС귨ǳҪһֻһţˡ
ЩãȻһԵطGⲣģҲӦزǡ
طGɽں͵УŶǮأүתȥͶˡ
ǳڣ㲣Ӧ󣬵ԱӵȣķѵǮƣҲǴѵ롣
꣬´δˮƯʱܸܲ졣˵
һ
طGܡ
ɵùЦ̲ޣ޲ЩǮ㰢Ǻãȵʱٸ˫
۾ʱˣ̵ֳķݣһݸ귨һݸꡢһָ
ָͷ㡣
һأʡ
ͦԼཱུСţ٣ҪǮȢϱգ
СԴ
ͷЩԼǸС̣͵Ȣϱ
طG
е㶪ˡ
ûɶ־򣬹Ȣޡ
ȴԺĺܣôãûȢޡ
Ȣ㲻Сͣ˭ܱԶá

תЦкͿϵЦݡ
طGЩ
һ飬;ʹƨɡ
˵˵ѡ
ڳˣѾȥǸҪСˡ
ߡ
յǰܡ
ں׷Цӣô졣
׷źѡ
طGˣСϵĸѹʣ㻹𣿡
ҡͷ
û뵽ԼôƤôҪҪġ
û¾ͺáطGɫȷʵãͷҲãŷģֿ첽׷ǰͷĶˡ
͸СһɽҴܡ
͸󣬽Ķܷˡ
һȦ󣬾ܿٻ
ˣʡ
еˡ
ֺǺģ́˫ѽ
ţ·˸Сӣ˴ƨɣߡ
ͣ
һһ¡
ĻɽԼˡ
ޱ޼ʵӡ
ҺðѽɤӺ
룬Ҫûˣߵ͸ȥ
ȼ˿ԿɽͷѾˣһİƣǸһһֱ뿪
ƣҺðѽ

ɽҺðѽ
ɽл롣
طG
ɽˣưˡ
ܹ˰ɡ
һȻ;Сƨɵھһ۵ġ
ܳ𣿡
ܡ
ɻǵܳԣǴ˵ܳǾͲ԰ɡ
ܿһ֡
ܳ𣿡ʡ
طGܡ
ͣ
һƭҵûʲô֤ݣеУһ㻳ɵĶܾ׼ĿţҪǲҪǸ⡣
Ҫ뿴С裬»ûƺɡɡ׸˸˵ҩɰ塣
ֿɤ
ڴĿ귨ҺðѽȻյȥˡ
ߣβΣ۲ۣ
ʡ
ﲻʹ죬ƽǸŵˡ񵹳˱ˡ
˵һЩĻ
һ֡
Ŷȥڣһˮһ̵ûкһ㡣
ҡͷʧЦ£ȥɡ
顣
ʲôͦõˡ
ͰСԴǣһŶ
ϵͷ
ЦеĻ֣ת뿪
ǰԼСӣ귨
޲
СԴ룬۵ľ⣬Щξ;ˣõģһ򣬾
һСУ޲ͷ
һ¡
ʵĴ
ȴܼǿһ㶼
طG˶٣ûס꣬ˡ
֣ʵ˵

𣿱ɽսֱ
ɵЦˣʲô
˵žͽ
ͣ
ˡ
귨Ѿʼ뷨ˡ
ǲ䰢ķŰҲ㡣һȴӰ˭˲һ
㡣
Ų˲طG
طGһԣվվ࣬Щذɡ
һҭ
ߣЦе귨Ĳ𣿡
ȥᣬ޸
˵
ûţ˵ƭ˵ĹѪ޹ġ
˵ţطG˿ȡ
;Ͳ˵һСģľû
ǷˣһСᣬǶһȦ˶ġ
ᡣ
˵ŻżһζͶʱѰζҹȥˡ
СԴŴߴߴĿʣʲôѽ
ЦǺǵĸչʾ
һ̲סˮžͺܺóԡ
һ̲סˡ
Ͻõ⣬һЦĺ񣺡ãǱһζȳ
úóԣЩҲóԡ
Ҫһ롣Ͳˡ
Ϊѣ˾͸ʢ
ûʲô
ͶԼС룬Եر㡣
룬һ鿴귨Ҫ𣿡һʣѾſͣҪԵ׼
롪

ֱһҧ¡
㡣ޡ
ȻӿȳԣȴԣЩź
ȡɤӣ͵СЩԣȻ
ȽϲԵġ
͵ʱǰһ̵ĳСԴһ롣
ɽ̫׶ˡ
ԼܳԵһͷţ
ֺǺǵĸʢҪĶ࣬ӳüͷ
үүȻ͵󣬵ӦϾˣ˴˶˽⡣Сһζûԣ˻뷨
Ϳˡ
ͷϵĳʦñ᧿Σ
ںͰϲһ뻹Ҫһ룬ЩǱȽϺõˡ
˵ţȻԱˡ
;̵Ա˸պø귨ˡ
˵Ķԣ롣
ʳúϾҪǰźطGʾ£ѹ㵽˫̥Űɡ
ǽ͸ġ
ĸ
ͰСԴ꣬˵ﻹ˫̥𣿡
ڶԼˡ
ΪʷѾı䣬Ҳִ̫ڹȥ
ⲻƽˡ
Ͳܰԭе·ߡ
СԴһڴ
Ŭı򶨣ȴǺ
ҪܻܵãطGʡ
ͳûͦʱЩ᣺ܵ𣿡
ϣԵġ
żҵͷôš
ɲɣ̫ࡣԼַˣСһǳ޷ľ񡣡
طGЦ㵹ǲؾ񡣡
첻
͹ԹԵͷһҲ档
⿵ûв룬ˣš
ҪףαǼ˰ǿ̵˼ҡǾ
ˣ֪
ͰŰСͱطGһ衣
ʳ޲˵
ֱӽ˵ĿԸɱҡ
͹ȻûһЩֵֹ⡣С۷һССϣֱҲˡ
ɫְЦ
ʵæĲˡ
Ķһ룬Цŵ͡
һ䣬ʱЦл͡
ͰСԴźĲ𣿡
ҲҪǮǮ
ͷһźĺܺã´νź򡣡
ͣ
˵ţɽ½˴ˣ
žͼ˴ͷ˼˷ǸӣʱЩš
֪λڴˣСðţ͸ǡ
ɫЦɽ˭ĵطȻˣɡ
Ϊ׵Щжŵ˱ллλˡ
֪ʲôݣܿϵĹһ͸һ˲һ
ڰ֣ʾԼ棬Ƿȥ
ɻ顣
һͺܸȤطGȻǲµģ⻹̣֪ʶǴ򲻹ġ
˷Ҳý֪ʲôɽɽˡ
Ȼ
ͺѴ
˰ɵˣֱ˶Ȼ˭ʡ͵ĵơ
ȡ㷺֡
Ѿһ˵׼õǾͱ˸˵ˡ
رĴ̼
տʼĵǣֻʣ
䣬ҳ´ŵ˵˼
Ա㣬Ҳ㣬Сֲ˭Ҳ˵ɻÿطGͷۡ
˰ˡطGȴ
ֶ֣ͻһӣɵþˡ
㻹˵ʡ
;ͰСָͷ㣺ʮ˵Դ

ɻˡ
ס
ûᷢ¡
̵İС°ͣĿżСһӣ𣿷
ϾԼС

طGһ֣Ͳٲ룬̫ʦϣźսȺ塣
Լ³̼
СԴϼǵĶԶԶҪࡣ
ʱģطGüһԵϣҪǿڣʣǲ͵͵ȥŬˡ
̯֡
ʲôụ̂ѧôණôĺӶûʲô䣬һʱˣǰæһ
ǵѧϰųɡ
ź˼˵̵츳˹Ŀ࿴ˡ
طG뷨һǻıո޲߳ġ
룬Ȼѧ
ǿɱȽ̳ˡ
ͷ󺹣ˣһ̸ȥвʡ
ȻŰսŰս
˻ǸɲһС̡
ȴˡ
˵ͺۡˡ

Ӯô࣬϶ۡ
̵žµС°ֺͣǺǵĿſٺٺٵЦ귨ǲǺ
ǺٺٵЦÿͻȻЩȴȵģЩֱӡ
ţ̺Ŭסϱ顣


78 
ӳƺ, ɵýԭأ귨֣ﲻɻ˼, Щ롣
ôһ˲, ãǲԼˡ
귨Ҫˮˮ
, ͨһڵϣ˲ŵĿţʱнˡ
ãȻǹʲô, ̻֮
ˣ
һʱ޷ҪҪǵݳ
ͼм˵ͷԣ̻
ˣ
Գߣŷ, ԭСϵŻ, β׹С׹, ˵ĸֺÿ
, ˭̻ϵƴӡ
ֻݳʧ˷ŵ, ƫƫֲ, үᡣ
ˣҪɽ, ǼλԱ㡣
Ҫ, ƫƫҹȥɵþἫˣϵı鶼Ťˡ
ΪһȺ
ӻ֣ʾ, ǣź͵֣ɽ
ߺþö˵βȻǼѧʶԨ뱻ȥˡ
ѹĺ޷֮ȴԾɵĽ
Ͳס
ˣؼҺúö顣˹˹֣תȥ
Դˣϱ˺͵Ĵ˵
ΪʾԼ˶ǶԷ̫ţʹţ֮жԷж
ڻĴ˵㴫ԽԽԶȦʢУ˶ţܸһ̼ķɻ
Լ̶ֶֶ֡
Ҫ̣ѾǵˣԶ
һܺ룡
۵ԼСӣ念Ц̣Ҷӻᳪ衣
Щɣ־ЩɰסСӻ˻ΣЦŵԽԲˣ
ԼԲСӣҼʡ
ɲ
è̵ȻҪԲལΪʲôҪʣ˵ס
ôţԼСָŴŴڣټ𣿡
һһ죬̫ΪԼˡ
Բɵù࣬˵Ļóˮ
˵Ϳ˿С֣СԴУˡ
Сͣǲ̡
бһۣԭ˭ֱ֪Ӧ£ҪŵʱĲš
ȼ˻س԰;͸ſȥˣǹԹԵͯ˿õţǣȥ֡
æһͨԵǵ㶫Ѿˡ
ӹС
ҵĸ
룬ǵȻͽԺˡ
˭֪
ȵţҲһԣûһ⡣
š
ʱעź͵Ķ޷ӦɵɺƼԵľͲҪˣҪʳɡ
ɫūŰѵӶ򿪡
ζƮȥԶ
ˣЩߵоԼŲסյ·ȥԺ
̾
̲ס
ţСƨɣŬװνӣ۵
Թԣš˵
ɬͣССӺɷ˵Ҫ㻰ġʳ㰡ȥһڳ
СӺ
ɵЦ֣ѽЩԲʲôζҳ𣿡
͵ͷ
յܹ
˵ǳζĳζ¿ӡ
ɵö࿴һۡ
ϡˡ
ƽƼʳܵı˭죬ھȻԼûһž˲Ľ
͹С
ö
ӹС
С͸
ϲ

еĿ˵
ͳСԲ
ѽʧˡЩСȭͷ㳢ζǲˡ
ܻԴͷ⡣
̱ϣĳ֣ʾǶǡ
Ƴһۣǰ͸࣬۾ҲЦ
˯ˡ
Сװ۵ģκ죬ŷǳɰС˯˯ɡ
ĺϲͣӿʼҸСˣ벻Ҳһ깦
ʱʱ̶̿ߡ
˯ˣˣﶼøˡ
طGΣ˸̡
ôţЩϣȫͻݣ˺öס֡
С԰ӵϣ
үʲôʵЩˣѲɽһɽǵ⡣
ܲǺͶôãͻȻ䷴Ӧԭúʹһ
˼⡣
طGǡ
ҪҲӦ
ָɶˣʡ
طGҲ֪Ϫݵİѿأûкǿ
Ⱥͻؼңͼꡢؿһʲôʵ
ʲôûǺܳ飬һʱҲ벻׵׷ʲô
ĺÿ
طGƳһۡ
ϡ͡
ԼԼģȻźͣͻȻãԿ䣬е㶫пܵĻˡ
ϸ롣طG
ÿһٶֵϸá
ʲôʱͣʡ
ϳϸĻشʱһڴĿԼ̡
°ͣ˼Ƭ̣ųϿҵʱ˯أ˯²֪
϶ʲôֺû귨¡
طG
ϲ˯

ôܣŪĸ˭˯һ
ΪͣԵͯʱھǺɵ

ն϶ǿ˯˯ĺÿ
Ǹ㣬˯
طGòŵ;Сͣˡ
ģ˵ģһӣ˵ˣҸһӡ
˵ӣûá
һ˵ô졣
طGͷӦ£á˳ɫǰɫϦԡ
Ӧ;յܻϪݣſССΪʲôͶżɽСȰȵİѰɾ
Цԣǿ˯˯Ŀɰ
Բ͡
ͻһ߸˵ˡ
ȥͰȰȵ˵ҪطGһӣΪ귨Ҳ˵ˣȷʵΪ˯ĺÿ
طG˪
ʱΪúĻǶıȼ磬˯ҲΪҪ顣
ҪȱǿǾ͵øŬǺĺӣ˴˼첢ЩҪڷ
ڷܵͷ׶̹ɣȴûûʶյʹ͡
˯һˡ
ȻǸıոϣ;ס
̲ס˶򦡣
ȴ̵ģţϴȥһֺǺǵ˯ˡ
żֻͷͶæ𡣡
뱧˯
þöûб˯ˡ
طG治ɫæͣ˹ӺԼ˯
ҪԼ˯
Э֡
һˡ
һˡ
ôҲҪʹһǡ
˵ϱ죬̿˯šæ
ʲôæ
Χ๫תˡΧ๫Χźӡ
͹ԹԵı۾ཱུ꣬˯Ŷ
طGš
ϸӡ
˶һۣŻƵ˲ͺա
ȣЪɡ
˵
طGζĿЪ
ȵڶһ磬˯ѣͼԱߵıӻģûʲôı䣬һֿﻹûæ갡
Щסϵı顣
ţææҲ
Ȼ밲ӣǸڿ߶ĿȾѲǵ°ɡ
С԰һжڹⱴոӲڣ˵ͣڣûҲġ
˼
Ǽ﷢ʲôõĴ£𣿡
˲ۿ
˵ʱмܲס˵źϴšϽȥѰ˵Ͱ˵Щ
ɫЩӡ
Ŵ˼Ͳˡ
ȺϪȥȥѰطG֪æ
͵յĳСѽϲ귨ѽ
üл˵
ŶţǡСⲻúˡ
˸һ
̵ĳţСԴգգ۾ͼٴԼСҪ󣺡һֻɰá
ԼСֱ˱ȣôһ𳤴󡣡
ֱӾܾ
ϺӨС־Լܾ̫ϻ᲻ġ
Թԣܶ𡣡ʡ
͵ͷӲǳԺܲ𣿹ܱ
Թ

ɡ˵
ǳԻǳʡ
ͷԵ𣿡ǲˡ
һҭ󣬾Ϊ˳ԣ
ͷͷ
ԼãζŸ㡣
ʾŹȥ졣
ܿһֻװ׵Сӱ۾죬ǿ̫
ۡüɰ
ûסڻЦе귨㿴ɲɰ
ͷ̱̣ȷʵܿɰ
ŷŷ硣ٴ¶
ͷ
͵ʱ˵Ĳˡ
ǰߣùԹԵں׷Сֻ˷ܵǰ塣
Щ
ͯδɻôһζˣٺĸۣͷƨ۸첲ۡ
һȦͻĻˡ
ɻĿͼȫˮѩ׵Сã硣
üͷ
һԵūŸϽͣ˵Ǵ󰢸׷棬һܵˮӣ󰢸ҲűĽȥ
Ȧ죺Ϊʵĵġ
˭֪һˣֱӵǸСӡ
ˤһࡣ
ʵ̫ˡ
ԡϴϴȴЩ޴֡
ƣŬҳһɾĵط˭֪ȴɡ
ˣԼ߽ȥ
ĵذˡ
;Сͣͷԡң˺üͰˮŸɾЩ
갡̾
ôгһգࡣűϴɾֻС̣ое
Сֻɪɪ
ס
Ȳϴɾϸɾ󣬺Ͷʱһú
÷¯
һ᣺ⲻʰɡ
ʡཱུСףʲôСɵӣҲҳ壬ҪһͷȥǺá
͹Թ԰ѵ
ౡ
򲻿ɡ
ౡ
˵
ౡ
ܿ˵ʲô;ֱʹ౴󷨣µġ
ǿЭˣȻūźĲãΣն֪һ
͹˹ˡ

⻰졣
ƽﲻطiʲô£¶ͽ˼طiͻ˵ա
üͷ
ſ֣ˣûţò񡣡
Сͣٲ
ɫˮģϴ裬ëǺںڳģһһغܿɰź˼
šӦˡ
ֻĬĬ
ĸˣﵽܣºӣţͿʼˡ

ʾǺڡ
ǿ֣ʵڲ̫
տʼȻģǵһ۲󣬾;ˡ
ʱ룬ѩƵĴᳩ԰ЩᲱС
ֱǰţСƨһŤһŤģƱ׾ܿȥ
ôȥģɻ
;͸ʾ
һཱུСƨɣЦ㻨ࡣ
츳ºӣ͸Ʋסʱ̼ס̣ܴˤèˤû£Ҫϸ첲ȡ
طGɫҲЩӡ
ڹһƽƽʱ򡣶Ժ˵׾ܰ쵽ģѵġ
˻
ƳһۺͣпնȻҪһ١
طGһˡ
ͻ棬ȴֻź죬òϡ
꣬𣿡ʡ
طG뱣סԼȸԵ롣
귨Ȼ˰ɡ˵
Ц˲̣Ҳ롣
С첲Сȡ
ѽ̵
⻰һʱЦˣúúãҲ㡣
طGƳһۣ롣
͸ķһףѽԸǰȻְҡ
Ŭͷԣܱҿָߡ
̲סЦʱô˵ָߣָߣЩ
˻һԼ׵Ľͻ귨Ƕһһϻ۵ˣѡ
յĴ֫ˡ
طGɫ࣬ӵĴȴף˿
ͱʾˡ
һǳϸĲжˣܳɹǳ
ȻϪݣԶԶͼһſڣͶȥֺǺǵĿʼк壡
Ϥû
طתһ˲۾
ͼǰӲںǰֵطGﱧ̣ؿ
һ˵õȮ졣
ͷ绹
Ȼú½طGû£ϾıǹϵĲϲ
ﶼǰ
ܳ裬Ǹӡ
ȴЦŸ˴к˵Һϲ
ͰСĿš
ͼطϧĴӻͳһЦˣһֻշѿϹ磬ͼڴˣͼд˼֮Ͻꡣ
Щ档
ϾƽƽһϹ磬Ȼֵ֮ıԵɵ
طȻǸɵӡ
ĹڵϣϹ˵ļ黰ܺõķḻ˺͵Ĵʻ⡣

˵Ϻüӣ̾Ϊֹ
Ƭ̣ǴϲЩάˡϾ˼ʮ꣬ʲôҲˡ
طס죬ʼϹ֮
ûסǰһʵˡ
ţĴָ
ⷴӦǺˡ
ʲôʡ
طų֮ʵʱ򣬿üֱ˵
طҭĹǺǳƢϴЦĿʼ˵


79 
̾ʥӢ, 콵Ϲ֮֮꣬Ҷʥԡط̸
, ʾҪСԡ
һͳĬˡ
ɫЩ, ͼί񣺡Ҫ˽º͡
ط벻ԣϵЦһ͡
һ޹ĺ, вԤУסóĺӡ
ܲ, 綼ˡ
һ޹ڳǶõ𣿡
ط뽩Ӳ̧ͷͣѵַ˵һͼС̰СЦһ޹Եϡ, ָָǹ硣
գ
طƨĵ, һת, ˲任˸˵, Ǻɼꡭ
֮¿˿ϡҵ, ô˵Ҳûʲôë
͹ԹԵĴָ
Ҳ̲סҡͷʧЦ, طļ˵Ķԡ
ʲôء
طɫƽƽ, û˿ȡ
ȥ
С, һ˼ҪҪ𣿡

˵ɴóҪ״ɬĹʵϣŹ, ľͻֳҪ
֮Ϊγɵ

ϲֱϺͣ˸ǿģóз
Ҫˡ֡
֮𣬾ΪżȻԺͲɸԡ
СٺЦһԵİ꣺Ҫ𣿡
ҪʲôطGƳһۣ㣿ǣݵӰ˵ơ
ѽཱུСôѽ
ֱװ
£ûڳзǵû⴫طҲǡطG«ȻҲᴫȥǵ㡣
͸û𵱻¡
ڸüյطͻȻĸǸľӡ
ϸп˵ҪܰԼӪͺˣʱܺɩ˳µܡ
Ͽƨ
죬֪ʲô˼ڴǰȻ˼ԣ񣬹ϾͿоһɾǫǫ磬еƵס
룬ɩǴϻͨ͸ٲıүԵ㲦
ܣ泤óĻ
һͨȴЦģıүǵ͵ģүӣҲ֪ѹס
˼Ƴ㼸Ｘ𱻳䣬ƮĲ֪Լ˭
طȴûĸƢԣһȷʵòסŵٴЩԡ
Ҫ汴ү²ҪԼеѹסæʲô˼󲻹Ϊ°ˡ
ˣ˵ɡطᣬסϵ֣ԣүˣõġ
ӳϾĵգϴǳЦ⡣
ڿطGҲڡ
ЩЩױǰ࣬СվӣﲻˣŸһཱུģġ
ͱ죺ôˣ
ɰѽ
طGʹӾпŮ˶϶ȣոһž;ϸ壬ܺ׵ӡ
˼
գһֻƴҸ´ֱӽת񣬴ס򢣬үǰ
үߡ
طGƣѲ߮üë̵ĽëЦ΢˻ΣֱͦıͲͦıǼ⡣
ʿˮŵ
ŵϢʱͼطGӯЦ⣬һ¡ĴϢ
ǿŲûȡ
źڴ˴
ͰСԴĴ۾ˣ￴žһסԼ۾ĺûп׶
պ͸
Ҳ˸ǣˡ
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ʮ壡ʹĺ
طɫһ£ǿЦЦôһڴ˴
;ͻأ˵ǰͶæͳô㲻ˡ
طûΪСͷһ˵ԼˣϧûʲôãԺҲˡ
ż⣬ŬҪȰˣһһ仰ޡ
طʱЦãûޡ
ѾͿޱӵꡣ
;ĸ˵ʲôϱˣԶıԼĺӡЦҲЦ㲻ҲܿҪÿ쿪ĵġ
طͷͷգβŻϧǰ죬
Ķѧȡˣһ𾪡ʰĿεģǽĿǰĽ
ط飺
˸һ¡
ˣˣԼɡ̤뿪ˡ
ͣ

ֱˡ
òһ̡
ߡ
ϪȥһͼڣʱЩãȻС°˰Σվȥժԡǰڽ˵еˡ
յܵûʲôˣֻмܻľС̫ͤӴ
;Сƨɶ£СƳ
С̫ŵһ顣
ϽСƳźۣѹСϣŵһ飬Ŀɿڴ󰢸磬۶Σա
Ҫǳǵ⣬үƤ
һЦС·ˡ
̵ĶںУֺǺǵժÿˣ˭ˡ
æţͼϺһȺˡ
ɫࣺ
ŵľССϣԵ۸󣬿ŷƮҡģ²һ˲Ҫ
죬ȥ
ȻԶСбıֺǺǵ˫ִ״귨һժ
ĺд͸
Ķˡ
Сϣ룬ȥ͵ġ
ȻС۴УЩҶ̵ζҲЩ
ζšЦ
ͷֺ֣Ǻǵ꣡
ĺ
ЩһֽžĺƨɵϣЦŵˣ
Լˮǰ򰤵١
;СͣƨҪˣѽ
һʱЩۣЩ飬־õҲۣˮûüȣжֵ࣬ġ
ٲˣԼˮ޾ҷˡ
͸Ŀҷʲô
û
ؼ㰢ȥ졣
ͱһײײĻС԰ȥˣԶĺ
ϳһȻһģͿʼųԡеտļãһɵ
ȥѰ귨ûˣԼСȥժģǺͻ귨һժġŴߴߴĻء
˵꣬ͱطGˣüͷ̧첲;һ̵Ĵܳȥ䱸귨Ѿˣ
ظˡ
طGĿ
֮ͬ
ЩᣬûҪҪͽ񣬹ԹԵ߹겻רժ»𡣡
طGƳһۡ
ǰẦ¼ˣ֪ǸȵģΪᣬǺעڡ
ף
ϸϽ§ڻѵ˽ʲôԼСۺΣգߣ߸ĸҲᵣģԺٲˡ
͹ԹԵͷϵգģԡ
ϱĻŭš
طGͬůһָŰСӣƵķУƷζŵͷ

Ͷʱ˵Цˣ̺ϲ´λժ
طGÿɷ
ųȥˡ
;ϻľСͣҲҪס
ౡ
ౡ
ϴֱӸڡ
ͲɵЦˡ
ٺٺ٣ðﰡҲСס
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ͰСԴҪԶͶһ𡣡
ЦŴȤʱȢޣͲܲŶˡ
Ө˼Ȣķ𣿡
ʳϰ߶ǵˡ
϶ʱЦû£ۼ˵ڸ󣬳˵Ǯеġ
Ҳǡ
ˣԼȥ
ʲôʲô£ھǶꡣ
ЦæȥͰССҪס
жݵƽֱ̫֮һЩĦȴԽԽءӾôԵ㣬͵ȥ
СĶ֣൱˭Ҳ䣬˭Ҳ䡣϶һƬƣ˽£ֵһͿ
طæ飬һʱ䵹Ŵһֻʥ˼
طGճ˴æ׽еĲ
ط볯ԴԳƣ̫ܰŪһ㡣
ʮİط_طԶѾ˲֪ĵؽ硣
γһɹƽ⡣
ҶڿſȻڣÿﴦپǴźºժ
˳ˣժ̫࣬͵ˣͣ벻͵ʱ͡
һժѾ＾
֪Ӻʱ𣬽Ҷ
ѵʱԺضС
ҲЩȴСӣ۾ˮģཱུģžͿɰĽ
飬ڸſѧ΢֡
ǲѧ˵㣿СաС̣鿴˾˯
һ㰢ͻˡ
ٵġ
ȴˣͷ׶̹ɣҪ΢ָɵҲ˯ˣҲȥˣˣͶѧϰ

İ̸ͺˡ
Ͼ
·Ͳô̿࣬ʱʱĶžͳɡѧ·ٴѡá
ֿʼ档
ɿͲٿĻˣϾѧһģǵɿЩ
̹ôຢӣӴ󰢸طAʮİطǧȴһǺ͵Ķ֡
ѧϰٶȿ쵽˼顣
лͯû¾Ҫ밲ӡ
＾һܺõļڡ
ͱټϹϣĻ귨֣ȻһȻγɵĻƣϸܿΪĺۼ
˭ɵС£Ҳϡ
귨ԿıŸһߵϸϹϡ
˵ϽͼʵϣʱЩ
귨Ҫ걳𣿡Ҳǲĥ
ڰ֡
л˰ë
Ƽ𣬾Ǿ䣬귨ҪҪֻҪͷҾ͸
Ҫˡ
ϹϣκȥŷȥϹϱԡ
ͰС̵ŵۣ
ġ
סСתһȦ
ʲôš
ݻҪҪˡ
;СͣǸѵĺӡ
ԾͲ԰ɡ
˵ţͼ̫ˣüۼˡ
žЩ㱣ҲǸǫǫӣ컯Ūˡ
̫ʲô
طiϴƵϢĴǧ꣬ûˡ
ԣƬ̣ѹڰ
طiˣСҲûˡ
Ĭطi飬ͷǶʱļ㻹кͺ
ʱһĳ˼
һԣд̫ӣͼɥ֮ʹ󺹰ϧ
Ȼܸͬܡ
ЩܵģЩ£˵ֲĮزۣԸûվסɣһͺˡ
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ſȦͮͮģ˵֪ĸʱ磬룬걧Ŷʱǲǻᡣ
ɫȻЩ
ô󡣡˱׶ĴС˻䣺ֻ֪ۿޡ
ҪޣҪޣ뱧Ҫޣ˯Ҫޡ
ᣬܺ
ɻˡ
ֻҪпգҪ
ģְɵģ֣Ҳһһġ
ʱطiһͷѽôˡ
Ҳˡ
˥ϵʨվᱻ׳ʨΪ׼ˣʼռǵ
طiͷ
ͺȹĴﶬĳϼϼů硣
䣬ࡣ
šǻҪȸ
طiͷӦ¡
ԲཱུСЦŵһ꣬ȴ㶮£ֻ׷Ҫ̺ȡ
һûж˵
ˣ̽ŵȻС԰ȥ
С԰ӣطiɫЩҪһֱϸԥĸ˺ͣһסţ̹Ľ
ҡͷҲ¡
õﵱȻǶߡ
ʳһаƳĶϺ֪Ͱԣ԰ԣһߵôࡣ
ÿδžͿɾԡ
óѽٳԣȴˡǰһҪһϺԡ
ǰͻȻһӨ͸Ϻβ
ۡ˫һԵ̫ӣͼüۺЦ԰ɡ
͹ԹԵͷ
ſû͸Сһ͵͵İϺˡ
طiСԴЦпȥѰ棬һ꣬˵и磬Ĳɡ
Ͱ཰۵С˵пվȥ
ʲôʱпգǾͲ˵ˡ
طiﵽĿģЦЦǸúӡ
䣬ԥĵͷ䣺ԣǸúӣġ
紵
ɨطiüۼһŵ衣
ġ


80 
ȿʱ, ̫Ӵ
͵̵ģԼǰĶһԡ
ĺܺ, , ĽƱƤΡΡģһá
̫ӿ峺Өӣѽ
СԴ, Цģһԣɺóˡ
̺С̫ӵι¡
;Žż, һ⣬Ľ죬ϸ̡
طi̵ĽëһһĳԵˡ
õĶﻯ, ŨζطiüչЩ, ͵Դ, ³Աˡ
, ЦŵϲͶЩˡ
طiǼһ, ̧ͷſ, Ҳá𣿡
˵ţ, Լѩ׵ָ, иԡһӵĻȴ֪ô˵
Ҷһ룬һλ, ȴôһֵ£ȴ¶µ
ڸ̨ϣƵһһȴ޿κΡ
ʹᱭˮнⲻĵĽ겻
ֵĺ޲Ҫ
ȻȴֻѹţţʲôҲ
ܸڿڡ
ѧſӣŽż̺Ŀطi̵һÿ
Ƴһۡ
̹߻Ի
ȻطiɫЩ̵֪ļƲЧˡ
طiҲЩżصĴСϲֳҲܵĽ
룬ϣָܻǰ
ȻʵۺλãǾأ飬鶼ס黹Щ
طi뿪OO@@Ħ֪ǺİѺ͸ڻ
ͬŶʱ
ȥ꣬ŵ룬ⲻˡ
˭룬๦򣬺ѾΪ벻ˡ
طiⲽȥܵ
һ
Ҳʲôûеˡ
ıӰŴߴߴһװ
رͬܡ
СԴЦ֪ʲôвף
͵ԼСԴʵҲܺ⣬ǲ˵ϾڿǰҶѵܹ˿и
š˵
ͰСԹԵͯȥˣ밲ֹ˵һƨҲҪȥ˵Ӧ¸Ӽǣһ
۾
һգɶҲû⿴ˡ
ҡͷʧЦ޵ϲ
ܿ£һչȥʲô¶ûˣӵҲͦõġ
ϲֹ̩񰲵ĸо
ҪÿӶʮҪż
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ͺһͨæֻܴɨһۣ˽ˡæ꣬ټȥˣĻС԰ȥ
ССĺ
ǰǴ֪ҪС˵һ̥ͲСˡ
Ͼˣ໵ģ׵һ˸мܲסں˵Ҳޡ
СС
߳Цʣˣ
;ĴչףҺðѽ
̫ӺͿìܣҲܣ˳ΪӣܻطiĽ
˳ǸŰˡ
Ҫĸ˵ĺð
Ͻ§Ҳ㡣
˻Գĸ
꣬ùˣյ̥ȥͼСֻԹԵӤ˯
ɰ
µཱུģûͷӣȴ˻׷棬ʱǳ˯˯˳ԣȻǿޡ
ڿɰһͿ
ɵõͷС̵ֻ뿪
տţͼһߴӰʩʩȻ߽ͷʲôţ
;ԼСָͷأ˵ʲôʲôʲôʲô
طGСſһԵϣͼЦţü͡
һܾĵŮˣ峺Ÿˡǿչһ㾲ţɢеķ绪
طGһۣЩŲ֪ۡϲˡǰǿп޵ģҲ뷨
ϱȵƵͨ죬ɤӣδ˵ͼطGüۼֱɨĴϡ
Ǵ΢̣źܺ׵ӡ
۾ԹԵ·
Ҫʱ䡣
طGƳˣ򸣽ζĿůһָԼ
˻˵
򵥵һǳ̵ĽëУغ˫ա
ʵǰһ
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طGĵʲôˮ
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طGԣ޳ֱգ̧ǹ°ͣĿˮ
պ͸
طGͦεͬ΢΢Ӿʹ޵ǫǫӡֻ֪Ǽʵ
ȡס˴ƺ߳
طG΢΢˫Ĵȱ
ն
ϧȲϡ
ǳֹɿ񫡣
ôϵĴϵˮ̤ȥˡ
պ죬дŲٵˮ⣬ȥıӰ׵ָ΢΢ץգֻеӡ
ƮƮģ˸סġ
ȥС԰ˣǰʱ򣬾ȵʱﶼæ棬ڴϸϸĹ԰ѾͷβĹһ飬ʵûʲôϡ档
ڿʲôú档
΢ϰϰͷϲ
СϣڰڷĶʯϣ͸оűĦһر
Ա˱ġ
˻ˡ
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С
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ԷĻСԴ
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ŻȥȽūŸϴֺ飬ĺӡ
С԰Ӱų԰˵ǽ䱸ɭϣҪжס
ȷʵҪϸϸֻ̽һȻţжܵ޷ԼˣҪЩ
ԷŸһ
޺
ܿСһִģѾˣһֱš
ʱ䣬ǵǰ֮ǰʱ˵֪ס˭ԼҲ֪
˵ˡ
룬ǵٲЩ
ȥƫԺţĪˡڶ
СֿĵᣬС̫ˡҲ֪ôģǰûϴһ
Ϳһۣûϣˡ
ȼطGʵʵĽ˵Լǰ԰˸СƫԺţʲô¶֪Ҫˡ
طGͷ
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Ҳûôˡ
ү֪˵
С԰ͷκ£Ƥӵ£ûκ⡣ȴС԰ƿȫ֡
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طG˸Ӧֱת뿪ӡ
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Сѽ
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ŴߴߴĻ
طƼ˲ϵĺӣЦȥ棬˵Сľϸԭõ֣ζҲ񣬾һֻԡ
еʲôóԵĶԡ
ͶʱֺǺǵǸá
Ͻطãһѹˣȥѻ귨˵ȻԿȫһ档
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طЩɣ𣿡
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
ԺЦ˵ȥ귨Կȫ򣬽аϽ׼š
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үлл㡣
׼
ϸϽȣ˵Ҳ˼ĽûôүʱʱüжжҲҪıǰĲ²ųɡ
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㡣
͸˵ľСƨɶˮ޲ھ˺һԡ
밲Ż˽СȰȣҸ˵ҿϲˣʮӾģ˵Ǹԭϵһζ귨ڲԭϳʲôζ
ЦƳһۣζ˵Ҳԡ
⺢ǲĽ
ȥŵ
˵Цŵϰˣȵԭϣһƴ
ͰСԴĿ
ѧˡ
ԭȥ
ܳȥˣȻõġ
ЦһԵطGӣؿһĻطæµС۷һ￴ææȴҸӡ
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죬ͼ˵Щɥķ֣ԭſڣѾ¸ˡ
Ҫ֪˵ʲô
˵աɽ𢣿ȻЩáϵʣȻҲ˵
ò뺹ôȴһʱȻ
ȫû⡣
СԴſʣ귨ܹжٸͷ
귨жٸͷ
𣿡

סСͣԽĿֲˣĶʣôʺòóԡ
Ͱգգʹ۾ĽëҲ̣˵Ļɰˡ
귨Թ𣿺òóԡ
һ˼

źͣĶ˶üͷǱ𣿡
һˡ
԰è̴󷽷ĳϣЦ۾ԺİСԴԣẹ̀
˵Ŀˡ
Ȼû˰⵱¡
Ц
ẹ̀޿ʲô֣ϺݺݵһڣЦŵѽСζ㡣
ͣ
ԹС𣿡ѹ

ûԼбҪһ¡
˼ĵͷҲǿǶС̣ʳԲ̵ġ
һԵط鱾żˣҲʲôˡ
ֺǺǵܳԡ
˵һ룬ЩӶʳʷأ˲Ͱ
ͲɵЦˣ̵ܳС볢
طG
ϣ
ҲûʲôС£ôֵôֲˡ
ҲĿ
èǳգ
Ǳš
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֪˵
Ҳһ˵ģȤˡ
˵⻹û𣿡ˡ
ذ״˴ҡͷһ
˲ܳԡ
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룬ϵԵ㶫ͺá
ͿһڵģͷĿȫľЩҭɤӣԲ¡
ҪˡŲյֺһڡ
ҡͷʧЦ
ˡ
һƺƨϣСè
ȷʵ
˭ȱԴһ
ͲɵЦˣСڿһڣٺ٣㡣
ȴġ
رŶζζֱǾˣ˲֪ô˵á
۰Ͱ͵Ŀš
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Թԣˡ
ĺᡣ
۾һ
һ飬ȴŵݸͲҲԹԵ귨ȳԡ
ʱѿЦˡ
ָһ顣
ԭøԣǶ࣬Ͷȳԡ
ŵװס
ɵЦˡ
á
طGڷʳõĸŰʣµĸط飬ָͣ˸Լŷһ顣
˳ÿͷ
Т˳ѵܹ޶ȷʵΪ
һʳˣȻܿһƷ
ȫ㣬ȷʵǲԭϵζ㼫ˣ΢Щζϵڸ£һζ
֤ڳһ
ͳԵСģչĹģ˵Ĳˡ
ҵķҵˡſðһ䣬ڶԷɻУ̵ЦԣиСС󣬿𣿡

Ҫ³ơ
һӶҪҪ󣬿ɼǸ߼۷Բá
ܾ
۰ͰͿļ򵥡
סСܾͣ˵˵Ļ
֪ԼЭ
ֿһ¡


81 
ʲôС󣿡ʡ
ﹰ˹, ۾ЩССҪ˯
ȻСС󣬿Щ˼顣ǿɰˡ
ͱڻ, ƨ, ˵ͷһѾ˯ˡ
ҡͷʧЦ
һԵطGЦŵ⺢, ˯졣
ǰŻ˵ž˯ˡ
Цᣬ񾲵˯, ĺ뱧§Լ
Ȼȴ֡
Сڻеźζ
˯ˣűȥһԵϡ
˸ǱӣĿ, ཱུ, ȥ
Ⱥ˯, ͼûһ, ſһҽڹ, ֪˵Щʲô
˺, ֣ǳЦŵ껳
͹ԹԵͷ
ڿĻ, ϵѩζ, ؿš
˵ࡣ
¹ŵҽͷүĻǡ
ü
ӣɵЩź
зӣ
ʡ
ҽҡͷ, зӣǾѾʵʩˣǹ˵û취
ֳԹ¶˭Ҳ롣
ʮӡֽдطm֡
mҲ
ĵԲ۾Ǵ˵дʮ˰طmز̫δ¶֮⣬Ϊһѹ̫ӡ
뿴طmʲôӣճ̣Ȼᱧ
³ˣǸӡ
ͰСԴ²Ŀſĺȥп˿ȥˡ
طmƽҲɣûʽĿͲ⡣סҲôݻƽƽˡ
طmٹţԹԵ˯š
ӤһͮͮͰСͷ
͵СԴĴΣɵʧ䣬ȫպʲôӡ

С֣СĴ˴ӤסĴ֣˵Ҫȥ
ˣڵ
͵ͷɽͣ˵ǺӤӣˣȻҪȥ
šʾ⡣
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귨£ʡ
ܾˡ
˼ʮӣʲôûʲôıû
ô꣬Ҳˡ
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ʲôȥЦʡ
طҲЦʮϲǵص㣬ҵЩɣǧܳһڣҲǼõġ
㣿ͶʱȤ
ԡ˵
㣬Ҳˣõһ
è̺ϲ
Ͳɵ̵Цˣط飬Ҳȥ
ҲʲôΣջȻȥط붼û룬һȥ
ͽߵС̫ȥһתͷߡ
ߴ٣ʮ߿ЩҲʮԡ
ط鶼
ʲôʮԣԴһʮȥԡ
͵СԴֺǺǵЦˡ

طһˡ
ȵ˺ӱߣȵ̫ںϣ뵳һƬʵĲԡ
Щˡ
ǵĵطʡ
žͲ̫һйʯ壬С̨ףݵºܶ
С̫ǰİССϵĲˮ
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Ҫܵ㣬ǰ׷ˡ̿
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ܾͺˡ
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һ˲䡣
ĳˡ
طߡ
һź㶼ϰ϶Ҳ̫ˡ
ŵУβֿʼģĵĵƫƫ͸ǰһڴһˣ鶼첻ˡ
˶ЩźıУһ˦βںǰû˶
ط飺
ˣ
ͣ
˵һҲû뵽
ԱҲ벻
㣬ͿԺˡֺǺǵĽͰװˣֵȥСһӣرĴ󷽣귨˵СүµĽɽ
˶Ȳһҵİ⻰ظһ飬ͼüЦˣ̨ͼһƴС㣬ԼһءԼ죬־ãʵ˲ã԰Լ˵ͣԼľá
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СԴףﲻ²£ٲˡ
᲻ѹ
ϵͷЩﲻ£ǵĶ̡
§һطGǰˣˣе㼼Ǻ£˵ҲҪǰ
ţ˵Ǹļܣ˭뵽һô
ԼཱུСţŴߴߴģ
ɼ£Ͷ߲ӰӣɵЦˣ˵ʲôζ
һСƨɣЦСӣȥš
ľͷζ
;ȥˣСüë˸磬Ҷζ
Ǻżˡ
Ͼ̲סЦˣǴĹ⡣
ҡСԴš
ŲҪš
طGҲüʵ˼
տɡ˵
ÿԺȡ
ʹ̡
ҪʵġĵҪ
ҲͰһľơ
ô˵طGüתһԵʢȥͷ
ͣ
ݣ
Ҳ£ǹԹԵĴſطG⣬ζſˮЦеʣܳ𣿡
طGô
ܳȻ͸ˣʡ
ȻʵǺóԵЩԵ
طGЩΨҶ𣬾ĬĬİѸտõ⴮ݸһԵĸȳԡ
۰Ͱ͵Ŀţȴû˵ʲôϾҲ쾭ģϲ˼Ȼݸʱ򣬰˰֣󣡶ȳԡ
ٶһҲûϵ
ͣʿˮУֵĳò˵һԼүĿģʵǺóԵĽ
ſһԵĺͣݸԱˡ
ûš
˵Լ
ôǫãطGֱӵݸһѡ
˻˿СĳһڣЦеŶóԡ
ʵ̫ˡ
ذصĳš
ٺٺ٣㣬ҲһָطGһ롣
طGûƴǣǽӹĳšǺͲڣԳ¹֮࣬ڵĻͲܳЩϾ˵ʵЩ̫ˡ
һ߳ԣطGϺžƣһԵĺͱԼ̣Ҳá
ͿŲԶ߹ӰЦʣ˭
Щ죬̫Զ˿
طĢԷֽһ㡣
ͿԼĺôֱ
硣Ĵк
طAǲͺм£⴮ͳԣһЦŵڳںȾƣĵܶá
طGܲµһ˰ˡ
ܸȡ
͸¶˼طA⣬طAûԵģ͸˵ʱСΪ磬ǿġ
Ȼ˵˼ͯȤ£Ϳʼ˵ԼĲסֵǣĲ£翵ĥ͸˼
û˵ֻ̾
Ŭıסϱ飬ԭϷôѡ
ֱ֪Ƕͷģ֪ĳɹߡ
˼Żͦ˼ģװֵֶֶԼ̡
ܺȾưԼ̰ܺԼˡ
ߡ
ĵϷҲܷḻˣһҪƵζǲĺǡ
ɰèҲкܶǳ
ںǰź򣬽˵ʲôطA䲻ʡ
ͳԵС춼ͣմŵϣЦе˵ʲô
طAڴ񣬺طGζУŴŴڣ˵Ŀɶ
طAһĿĶ
кöö࣬㽲ڻ귨ߣ֪ĿɶˣҪ𣿡
СԴĿӨ˵ĵĻʾζǳŨ
طAȴᶨĵͷ˵ɡ
˸


82 
, ζ
պƺܰףĺܿɰ
һ͵Ц
ÿÿЦ, ü, ɰˡ˵ڵĻҲŴŴˡ
ûƢС, ġ
Ҳˡ
طGڵźȲ衣
ϲָоرϲ
ں߻ķˮһ겻, Ļ˾ǿȡ
ȣڳϣˡ
귨ѽ˵𿪿, һԵطAʱض
˵
ҡͷԵŹ
طAĲС
ͱЦˣ귨˵, ʵȲ, öЩ, ȥԡ
طA
֪ү
Щʧ䣬˵ҲǲͶҽ
ү֪ˡطAӻͳɰ, ֣صķں, ɫЩãȻһԵطG, , ȴ֪ʲôʲ
ʵҲ
ｹԣһ㣬֪ȷĵ·, ȴΪָǰ·ããǰ˺󲻼ߡ
ǰ֣ԵĲ˵ֻ귨ǿ׳ֵ׳꣬Ҳ볤ô߸׳׳
طAͷ
ŵ˷ͻˡ
Цͷо֮ͯɫ˫ӳƣ˾ã졣
طAǣסС֣Щ᲻
үˡ
˵տһԵطG֮ɫ֮źըʲôˡ
ģѺҰɡ˵
طGڰ֣ô
طAЦˣ̾ûһǰóĺӣҪȻ˿ƻ˾ˡ
ôţɵҡͷʧЦ̤뿪
طG׳˶ıӰ˿ڲ衣
λҲˣϽεȵ緢
طA뿪ıӰǵĿһԵĺͣ˵İƫžǴȥغӡ
ܾķǳ׺ƭѹ
źһƵӣ֪ﶼ
꣬׬Ǯ̵ĵźɰСůƺȡ
طGжˣ⺢еǮֱӸˡ˺޲ðڹȥۡ
ţ򻨴
ִѾĲͶҽˡԽżҪԽȡ
Цˣã
ϲ͸򻨴õüŸá
ҲЦ
һ⣬̵Ĺ˿̣ѧطGȾƵӣر
֨
ŵСüͷȫˡ
˳ԺúȺã·ţԶиţиߴľ
⡣
ȻǶݵġ
԰ʼع
ͣ
أ档
ȻʵһԾŶ׷ǰͷ͸ڶնʰãֱӳˡ
ͺס
ϣС;ĺܸߣһкöûû´ǧûںӾûС
СȰȵģ˵ûûˡ
ȴ壬ۺ΢ЦĿ˵ˣЦŰοԹԣ
Ҫ롣
Сϻƣϣֱ˯ˡ
һƬӣЩ谵գֵ½˷񣬻Ȯҧڲۡ
ҡͷ˱¥ϣôѲ
Ҷô죿ʡ
仰˵꣬ȻѹЩ㱵ĿΧͼ§С

ϳȵ
̰ζ
Ǳ˰һҲùǰ
è̻ϲ˲䣬̵İСԴ
ʲô¥û¥
¥Ҳ޷
﷿Ӱ
ţɵЦˣ۾˯ˡ
һֱ§
Ȼع󣬿ֿʼæЩ£˴رոȥˡ
þûȥҲͦġ
ͼſںһȺˡһ߽ݺʲôү밲֮Ļ
ЩãȻҲڲ
Сÿ˳
ͺԺŮ
ˣ
˵үˣôСӡ
ڴʱԶһʻŷŵ£ʲôΣǾؿţȵǰٿʲô
ܿ죬طGÿ
밲
ޱɨһۣתٴÿͼһ˫׵С˳
˲²⡣
ͼϴطG֣
ɵһ㱡
꺢ӵŮˣʮа˾лŵĳνΪѪɫ£ÿټ϶ӷףֻƣǼҲŲס
롭
űǰÿˡ
֬˶϶ȣ۰׵СŵĺΣһǻｿ۳Ĺ
ӵĸˡ
Ͽĸ˵ͷʾ⣬ϸȣվˣظɡ

ͷϾĸﱧ٣һ֪Ǵ˵м̥
รؿŸǰδеᵽʲôвࡣ
ԭǲࡣ
ﷺδôԭ䵭ƽƽүתΪӡ
˵һЩû黰
һЩû
รͻȻ֪ʲôˡ
Сļǰƣ죬и硣
طGĿһۡ
Сɪֻ꣬¶һ˫̺˫ſɿɰ
ӻͳһǣֽŵ̫࣬ʹӲ½ȦСĲϣЦеҹ߳͸ˡ
˵ͱǣŻԺˡ
ȵʱ򣬺ͲɵЦˣȵڴ˴ΧϤľ󣬲ɵЦ̡
ѲԼĹѣ˻治١
һԵüǹѣĿɲǡ
˰죬طGǳǰ˵ʯ񻨿رãҲȽ϶࣬Ӧ˾
˵ţ͸̥С
è̵ͷʯ˵ǷϾǰΣ¶пɰĺ͡
ʯ£ʯ񣬲ɵЦˣ϶ܳԸ
ϴ˴СԴЦ֪ԡ
ȳװѾչȥܣִӹܡ
ʱʱҲ
Ȼÿÿֱˡ
귨Ҫ´αҲʡҺˣһ鲻˵ĴʣҲͦ۵ġ
ΪԼĴʻ麣Ϊ˶࿴Щ顣

ЦеСݺݵšһѣЦǲɡ
ϾǼٵģ͵˵ЩСġСһһ׵ġ
úܺãʵ͵ʦ
һȣðɺðɣŬĺ귨
ˡ
ġ
Ц͵СԴǳЦŵúúã̺ˣϾ귨Ҳѽ
˲Բ۾
ʶġ
ͷ
귨ѹǲ͵Ҵˣ
ģҪȨѵġ
ϣôܣⲻижˡ
;úɵС
úܾܿǣ귨ϣֻѡԭ¡
˹һжص죬ÿæҪӣҪҪҪʹ
æһͿ
Ҳæعʱڣ밲ӵֱ
رĶࡣ
ϲָо
֣ľӻͦ˼ЩӵĴʻĿڲҲһ
æһ֪ӺʱҶͻˡ
ʹǰδеĻơ
ƬƬҶӣرˡ
ͺܸˣһҶӣĸڳɻӡ
ɻ
ϻؼң͸϶ϲ
ȵңϰꡣ
طGƳһĻɫȴɫ
үôǡ˵
ͣ
СԴڴĿԼꡣ
ѽ˭ҪԸûүǳԾͺˡͳԵЦ⡣
һʱ˽սǣͶﻨ
СԴ񶼿ˡ
վҶӻãǸ
İѻȥ
һƯǹֵװԼĶͼŻ˹Ժȥ
䡣
̧ͼŹ⿴ɫůһҶƴɵĻ
ġ
ϲ
ͣ
˲ûôˡ
ƶ˵İꡣ
軨׷Ҳ̫ˣֱ˷ʤ
շŷۣŻֹסĿ֡
дǳЦ⡣
ͿţͲԸټƽˣһҲͦá
ˣҲˡ
ĵ׷ǵС̫Ҫ
ˣطGŲյȲ裬ͼѺ§ڻѹĻϲ
ʱ;
ϲͺáЦ۾
˵˵ЦЦģܿ͵ŵĵ㣬ϰڵķˡ
ĸź̡ʱͣһڱϺš
С̱ܰżζ󣬾ѽѽķҪҪ߿۾ɵԲ
͇NɪĿǣ̵Ŀ±ѼŶ٣ǲܳ԰ɡ
һ˸ɵӡ
ϸꡣ
䣬ϴԼĴ齣ʾ˯ˡ
ϾЦź˺ˣ˯ɣȥϴ
͹ԹԵͷԼǺñӣֻ¶һ˫˫ǶЩ໡
ʾ۾
⺢ӣͷ˯ˡ
˯õһͿ
˯ˣūŽͷͱطGȥˡ
үȥ鷿
仰źܶ˼
ﲻɵڴ鷿ϣ̫ˡ
ӣܱ߰żСˣϻСƣһ֪ʲô˼
ȵСƣȷʵ
£ͷһԵطGǳЦŵү
طGͷ¡
ϾͿ򢣬ĺᣬڲסļ
ү㡣Ʊʹĸ
طG£͵Ĺһ
ƣ͸ľҺЩϡ
ү𶯡ࡣ
طG˾ƣЩΣգգ۾ĴŲ
ϱǰý򢣬ֶá
үЩСˡ
ĺžƣе˵źͽЩ˵˵Ͼڣ˱ǵļˡ
طGһֱںȣһƿ
ϲԣžƣһûһĺš
ү㿴Ǽʡ
ͼطGһȦ죬˫ˮȫ޵䡣
طG۾ȻЩ£ѽЩĴί
ϵʱƵĲҪҪ޲ðͳ
ѾƻɲˮȻ˵Ǿơ
طGббĿСϣͷĽ⿪ۣ¶һСƬбɵǡ
ӣ΢սЩβ΢΢𣺡طG
ϡ
Ⱥ˯ѣɫѾСԴĻˣ
ϴ
ʹ˸Ƿ۾ϴ£ʰ׵󣬲ŷְͶͷЯ
ˣһ̽
طG治ɫʱδ𣬱ȥһˡ
͵ͷ
һš
ţͶֵֶֶḷ́һ㣬Цĸ⡣
ͲɵЦˣСԴ𣿡
ȻǷ񶨵ġ
ϰˡ
ڵʱ򣬻ѾԤϵˡ
ΪһյҲرæ
;ͽȥ鷿ˡ
þûЩ
ͷϤˣһ̲ס𾪣طǿĳһѱס̵ͣˣ
֪ж
ͲɵЦˣֺǺǵطͷѧҵΡ
طСС죺˭˭ֶѽ
;ðݵԼҵ̣ȻҪš
ط񣺡
־ر֡
Ρ˵
ͲڵʱطҲѧԣҲһģϾҲͼˡ
Ǻһͱѹȥˡ
ЦЦ֣һӣ˭֪ȴܿѧˣȫһ
͵͵ѧ𣿡ʡ
һĵͷԣ˯ʱҶڱ顣
طˣȥͲ˯ֱӹԹԵı飬չȥ¾һƬڣ˵ˣ˶ȥ
˿ˣˡ
ֱҽ룬ָҩ
ط񣺡
ˡ
¶Ҿû˯ġ
üһԵūţԷϽŵͷεʮ߰˵ҪϽ飬ϲ
оϲ
ɫƽƽĿߵС̫࣬Цŵ˭ӣ˲˵Ͻֻ˵͹ûտá
ǡͰ硣С̫
ʱüͷ
һԡ
طȥ˯
ȵڶգϹ밲ʱʹҪϽҲ޿ɺǣкӲ˯ģ
ϲ֪һ磬˲䲻ԡ
˯硣˵
ϴЦ⣬ȴ䣺˯磿
˵Ͳ˵ˡ
ϲ֪ʲô˼ȻȥͿʼ飬֪󣬲ɵЩ
Һ͹ʡ
һ˵һˣûʲô¡
طGһ졣
طGҲһνֻЩóԵĺ塣
ɱίˡ
ϵͷӦ£Ľ
ү֡ſԼжһָ
طGԣȴˡ
ǳЦȱ֡
ƺ׵СԽԽһ
طGıš
Сֵָȴ΢΢£Ŀϡ
̧ͼЦ鶯ġ
طG
ָҲĿ۵Сϡ
ʮָۡ
طGһƵᣬǣ֣ʩʩȻߡ
ϷЩߡ
ү
ͷѽŮ
طGͼż⣬䡪
ౡ


83 
, µɿǣ֣ת̤뿪
طGԭأ˿ɰ, Ҳ̲סǳЦĿֱͦļ, ҲŻǰߡ
տԺţͼߵߵܹ
꣡Цر
طG˿ܺã, ʣˣ
ҡͷ
˾͸ϽţϵзŰС, ꣬ĶЦĺŶҳԴˡ
طGһ룬, ͺԥĸз
̵ĳ, һԵǳЦ, , Ľôõ๫зóԡһڡ
϶ʱҲЦü, Ҳ𡣡
˿ٵĲз, ͰذسԵĿ֡
غңĺӡ̵Ŀ䡣
Եĸ, ıպĸĸˡ
һڡ
з, ;͹Թ԰֣ԣˡ
طGֵĸ̫Եӣ, зʵۡ
ϳԡĸӶ˳Ծˣſʼԡ
ͰСˣɵЦˣϲͶһֱúõġ
žͽ˸˵Ľ
ϴǳЦطĢ̧򢣬ɫ䣺š
æŻ²ס
꣬ϣСŽţĺ󣺡˼¡
̽ġ
úõĳȥһͨ
ľ
طG̫ʦϺȲ裬Ц˼£үٸ
ͣ
Щ粻˵
ÿһġ
ѽˡСԴͽȥˣֱͦͦһЩ˯ţε
˻͵ܾԼǵʲô
ȴô벻
أ
ʡ
þöûһ˯ˡ
˳ȥƬ̺ѹү鷿˵Ǹд
˭ӣȻðϡ
һɣСһɣˣ˯ˡ
粻ʡ
СཱུͣСǲԸ
ȫȴǲ
òһ̡
ߡ
˯
ͱ۾̯̯ŵ˯ˡ
˯ţطGͽ۵СҴҴӣת뿪
ھͷӳУ˫Ӱ貣΢΢һЦһ˦մմ۽ǣ߳ȥˡ
طG
Խˡ
ϲ
ãЩﰵص˼˵¶ȶ÷
ֱĵ̫Ħۣһǰ˱յΪѡ
Ҷһ࿴˳ۣĦջЩ
طGԳ˰ײȥʣʾڸдʾǺϲľڸͬ
ˣ
ôû׷Ǻ
ƽ񣬶ľԲɡ
ں˵ЩϢһŶţطGʲôˣȻ˽⣬ȴ
һԼµһ˵ˣͻȻͳӮң˵æ;ǽڡ
Ҳǽڡ
Ҳˡ
طGָСľжĲˣҪⱦʯ汦𣿡
ֲ꣬ľͷ
طGʮϧСԴϵľܾ
ҲһᣬСľҲǺģϲĲˡ
ҲҪţڿǰ԰ڣСľҺϲ

ԼǰĶӣȻΪߣ벻
귨Ĳ䡣
ͲɵЦˣСԴ̵ĺϲŶ
ǰ˵꣬žͲˡ
Ͳԣȥ밲Ӹˣ鷿ȥ
ԼСľóҫ
ˣĵĻأġ
ŵʱ򣬺棬ͷ밲һ֪ǿˡ
귨̵Ļ
СԴãǳʲô
ĵĴӱ֡
ͼһʯذףš
ǣ͵۾ˡ
ⱦذףذ
ҵ𣿡˫ģһǸһ
ⶺ˵Ǹġ
Ϳ¼Щʧ䣬ȴǹԹ˵ӲȻ귨ϲ˰ɡ
Ҫж
СЦŵġ
ͶʱıСĽӹذףúúŽżȥ׿
귨ౣ
귨ౣ
ϲĲˡ
Ц§ڻϸĸ⣬ذӦôôá
ϸţԽԽϲ޲ñذס
˫ģʦѧ
Ƭ̣ԭģˣȷʵȻѧǾѧɡ
뵽ʱ˸óذ׵İ̺ʹذס
ѧĺܿ죬һҪܿˣû˿иŵʱҲҪſӵذ׻衣
طG
ϣ
ʲô赸
ѧذףѧˣʱ򱣻㡣һ档
С˱ƴ϶ƴģƴɣССͦõġ
˸жϵĺòһУвͿһطGõˡ
طG
ȣ˵ֻҡ
һ˳Եĺ̹
طGԺʳźܣһʱЩǲǰʲô
á
ڿ͸ôȥذףС첲СȻر˼
˫ĿŶ˲ףҪ䡣
ѽ̫ˣĶڣжס
;ߺСĥĥ߹Сѽߡ
ô˵Сı˭ߣرʽеı۾
ౣ

ͣ
ûκα׵ĸо
۾һͼ౱غˡ
װͰ͵С첲ɶأ
ϽĺطGһۣҪ׺ͣȴԼ׵̱СԴѹȥ
ౣ
ûںϡ
ĹĵİСյǰϻ۵ѽҵһ
˲䶮ˣǣһס
͵˰һۣ׵ر㣬˺üڡ
طGζĿ˸һۣ˵Ҽڣʱ͵ûڡ
ֹһ;Щˣ۾˯С
һô˵طGͰ۱ȥϴ
ڶգźʵ;ܾˣÿžȡ
ȻȺʹųȥ˲һš
䣿
ֱ꣬յĻȥϺʵŵĳˡ
硣˵
ཱུܾСҲס磬Ҫˡ
һʰͣ幬ȥȵʱ򣬾ͼѾʼˡ
귨Ĳˣ
겻ˡ
˵Ż;Ź̶ֵֶֶĺȡϲ̣ôȶȲ塣ǰϱȱʧǲֶϡ
Ⱥ̣ڿԣ밲ӣʱˣ֮гɺܺõĬ
ˣſüͷ밲ӣ֪п϶̫ƽ
ѲӣĵԼǶϵ⣬ȫֵӡ̥˫̥ӪϣЩҲ̥ǿ׳
ȫ֡
Բɰ
١
ָüͷ֪Щӵ£϶ֵǺ顣
ԸŷȽĺһ룬϶ˡ
ЩۣĶⳤģһرã˵ӦҲࡣ
Ȼ㡣
ӣֿüӯӯĺͣɵҡͷʧЦ
˺ˡ˵
ӣȻ̹ˣٿ۵ʱ򣬾ܺܺõĴ
Сӡ̧ƣָԴá
СӣЦ
ͱõһ𣬲ѽѽ
ʱ᲻ˣСԴ
ȥ棬ҡ
͹ԹԵͷڹĻƣЩӣԹϤ̶ֱ
һ̽գÿҶҪ򿪿һҶӣУֺǺǵת˸Ȧ
͸˵Ĳˡ
СµζĿմԽʱǻЩġ
һ;Щġ
ͷСİôطͬ䣬ҲˡСطmճû취һˣ
һĸͬϵܲɷ֣Ȼܲȥġ
ߣط飬ϲͣš
Ͷʱֻһܼģһһ֪ʮ塣
Щˡ
˱СӸһ幬ȥߵȲĿ䡣
ͷš
չţʮϤ壬˵һ·ϵļţ˵ɽ˵ˮ˵ٲ˵͹ȣ˵ϷĳȺ˵ˡ
Ϳરવ
ִӣͼСӳʳߣһЩֻϼصĶ
ĺܿ֡
ţͼҲһ
ʮģôԶˡ˵
ŶùѾݣҪϴˡЩ⺣ϲˣǳ£Ǳ޳Ī
Ϳڿʮ尡СԴʣΪʲôͻȻҪ
˵дģΪʲôƽû
ƻִ̫٣ٵһ
Ĭˡ
Щӣβ͵ͷ봳
һ
ɣͲš
طΪ󽫾ط_ָĵطӺλָĻԭȡʶ_Ϊ
ͷ֪ţȴû˵
˵ʲô˵˵ĸ˵ŵ˼䣬ܲˣҲҪȥ֤Լ
˽ĺƬ棬Ȼ޴˵
ͲСüͷ
ðɡ
Эˡ
ϧİѶԼСҪūźܣôҲˡ
ڿҿҵʰǱ߾ִūŵ˵д󰢸š
Щ棬߳ȥһϤСӡ
һš
˵ճ˵˴󺣣˵ɳ̲ϵıǣ˵˺ߵз˵
֪һǰһĳҲпܻһ
ҵϴ󣬾ûˡ
ıǷ壬Ưš
˴֣ͻȻ֣ԼʲôûС

ǲǸ޵ģ
ҲҪ
Ǵ򿪷һȷʵдź͵֣߳
ʹӵóһСϻӣϻͷװƯıǷ塣
ģȺ͵Сһء

ûжԱȾû˺
𣿡üͷʣûС
ū˵λһУüͻȻã۰ʮĵĵûбô򵥡
ͻȥ󣬱ԼСطGǰNɪֺǺǵ㿴ûС
طG
˵ûˡ
ͲʧȥԼЩϧСʱƿԡ
Ҫ˱˻ԡ
ӣطƮںϣЩۣõĺӣôܱƵԶһߡ
ܹ֤ԼĻ᲻࣬ΨһĻᡣ
ҲŵͷȷʵҲЩ⣬ʷУʮİطǳܳ衣
ͻȻ뵽ԼҰĲܳ裬Էܳ裬ΪӺ̫ӣôҾó۶أ
ֻԼء
һڿƤӵ´ӹŮ֮һŮˡֶΣǱиһЩ
һʢܳ裬ȴû谮İ磬Ҳûпܡ
˼
طĳΣǸһ˼Ļᡣ
ţ洫׷Ϥ⿴
ͼܶū˱ոĹ´ͷǰЦŵ˵ǰ˸Ҫӣ⵽Ųѵʱˣıո
һ
ЦӦˣЩסϼա
һʱˡ
ܹˣȻǼõġ
߸˵Ļȥˡ
ڶһ磬ͼ˸ľƯͷϴѾףϹ磬ıոūӭŽ
ֱӽ˿Ժ̹סˡ
յĹȥͼСѾˣüۼ侫µĲˣСͷལСҲལ۵Ĳˡ
һͣŶŶ
²ǰʶ㡣ڵ
СԴСĸһԵֲźá
϶ʱЦ
ڳˣһ̶ҴǳţȽ䣬ǿѹˡ
˵Ƣ˭֪ĸġᶨǿӲ
²ۣȴЦ˻
ĺϲ״̬
㱻Ҳգֱĵĸоر
ˣͷȥԺ꣬ЩճӣӶ飬ܴ硣ЦŸ͡
ϳȥͱźͲ֡
̸˷ˡݺݵס
ϵĴ֬䵽ˡ
̸տʼˣ϶ǴӡʱЦˡ
ϾЦĿЦѽôЦˡ
¶Ҳ̶õı顣
ˣϾЦ
ϳ˶죬;һܵ棬һ£ɲˡ
ˡ
̲סЦıڿཱུСʱ˲ɢһա
ǣ̲ףѹ˸װģմմ۽ǣߣ˼ҳ޵ġ
𾪵˫УֽȻӢˬİ˸ġ
ȻȴܳһףСװɣ


84 
С, ౵ڣ㡣
ˡ˵
ϿѧŹϷǵڣѽ, û˼ҡ
һ, ʲô
ȡɤӣһΪŮӣ˽顣
С, ٺٵЦ
Ƭ̣ŸС񣬿µü, ЦĿ䣺⺢ƯôԺǸ۾
ͦСཡ
, طҲż֡
ž;ó˻ܺÿ
ϣ̵͡Լ, ȻôôÿǺͺͱ, Ǻʤ
ͼί, ίˣǲסүĺͣҪǱ˵, Ƿꡣ
Ϳıոĺӡ
ȻҲӦ, ͷɵЦ, ôƽϡ
ൽӦӲϾ
Ͽ׾Ө˫, ֪ҲãͷЩиӣհĽ, Ȼҽܸܲá
ãȻǼõġ
϶ʱϲЦϾɩƤְϸžͺüˣرϲ
ϰѷóҲûˡ
ЩܲȤſɿɰС㡣
̹ȻɰĴڡ
СǳЦʣͰǸȦ͸á
ܵи
̵ƿСٿ
׼ˡ
ϲЩ⣬һԵİ˸ǳЦŵϲҺӣȦرá
һֱ᲻ôǸСŵġôһ˲
;ڹϻǶϵ⣬ΪϲƯݼڣҲƯúܺѽ
⻰Ļŭš
ϱ˵ˣֺߵģȻ⻰һ󷽵ͦǶǣЦŵ󡣡
ϣ
ô
ѣƯÿ
ϲԲġ
۽üҶЦ⣬Цŵϲ󡣡
ܴ󷽡
ͲɵЦˣŴߴߴò
¾ͺˡ
ЦĿҲСŭԹԣ˭Һӡ
˵ɵЦˣǶĺӣҲϲƯ
Ļŭţ̿
⺢ӣ˭Ҳ
˯ţȥæͲˡ˵תȥ
ҲҲȥˡ
ˣԺֻʣ¹ϣ׾񲻼ã¾˯ˡ
һԵСҲ˯
ͽ˹СȰȵ˵СжɰʹЩϲ̧١
͵ʹ⺢ϴˣȻѰӲͬ
лл귨Ŵߴߴڡ
СΪĺܺѽƯãȻԸͶұ
˵ġ
ûʲôоô๫ҰﱲС
Ժϲˣû˼
Ҳϲ귨Сȥףһ
ЦŰ§ڻЦ
͹ԹԵĳŵģһЦ㡣
ϲ§ųԶڼ϶ĸ͡
һַǳܰĸо
Сģ귨ԡ
ҧһڡ
ζڿǻлһرϲζ
óԡ
Ͷʱ̵Цˣ³˻ӼĦĺƽĸо
ҲرãֺǺǵģݼˡ
Ҳϲָо
Զ̫ƽ
ǡ
ʲôͷϵСżɰһǸС̵ġ
˭ģѹʡ
񣬹ⶺǸ˵ġ
̣ҵģ
ҡͷûС
Իú˲ͺ˫۰Ͱ͵Ŀſʣûҵģ

Ϊʲôûġ
ģҡͷ˵ģȫġ
ʵ˵ҲԴס˵
бһۣЦ𣿡⻰˵Լš
գСر
Ȼ⻰ԼЦˣŴŴİС񣬸˵С
ϲż¶СӣЦĿţ
͵ͷ
ߡһˡ
ͼĴ֣ڴĵš
ȴģĵţڹ򲻸ˣܿɫͰ
귨յȥҿĺһš
ĸһȥЦðɡ
СͳԵĹĹĵģŴŴĿſ귨Ҳá
ţһһе죬ˣʹһӣźǰͷȥһߵԹԣ귨
ߵ͵ſڣһãȻ̧ҹŻǧ䣬ꡫ
£ǴǵĹ⡣
ͷͼٻɫĿƻգǿҹŻǧ䣬ꡣ
ÿһͿ
ͰĿţβ˫գ˫ֺʮԹԵԸ
ϣܳ꣬ϣƽϲ֡
գֵĸѪܵĺôҶͦõģڣ˴˼仹ǳǡ
ֵĸǵһں֡
ͰͷƮԶĿƣֿµĿижǳԸΪ˼ʵж
귨ཱུС֣
ЦŰЦе
ҲѧЩСˡ
ͲɵЦˡ
١̵
Уźͣһһ߻ظ幬ѾǵõΪʲôߣ֪ģȻôˡ
귨Һðѽر𰮡
ƨɣ̧̧Ц̣Ҳѽ
˵𻰣һԵŹᣬк죬ܲó衣үʲôһ㶼·ӡ
ʱ룬кͰֹܲó衣
Ȼظ幬ͼطGڵУؿˡ
밲
ͰСԴЦر𣺡
ﶼã̫˼Ǩˣ롣
طGͣſŸȥ
·ϣطGϵĿô£֪ͻ槼ֹȻú
귨˵ţȻʹȥ͵һӣпˣÿ۾ǣһԸˡ
ʲôԸطGʡ
;ЦܽŶͲˡԸȻҪǣôܹ˵
طGû׷ʣסཱུСƨɣٵ˫˯ɡ
Ҳͷ
䣬ûס۾ڻĲУ˯ˡ
طG
ȻıոͼϺԺ£ǰƯĲˮɹ
һһ£һ˻˯ˣŵĹһۣԼȥˡ
طG
Ƴһϡ
ƽÿλͷһǰ밲˭֪˸ڣȻһ۵ĹûС

źͻ˯ȥˡ
ȰȣȵɣûϣûסǲȥʣūŻأ˵ǸȥƫԺ˸ȥˣ˶ú˯
طG
ﶸȻһʧУԭǵŵζƽ϶ģʱˣʱһȥƫԺ˯ˣõˡ
طG۾Щ˯š
ֻк೤ĺһжԵô
͵С׶סٱ۾ȴô˯š
ߡ
ʱСӶá
硪ϡ
طGţɵЩΣǿԼ۾˯ˡ
ȵһһ磬۾ͼԼԼߣǴûסرĿɰ
˯𡣡
СС죬ԼĴϴȥ
طG˯ѣȥߣȴʲôûСȻͼѾټ
үˡһԵʢϽźһѹ󰢸Ѿȥˡ
ءʡ
δʢء
طGüģԼϴºʩʩȻ鷿ȥ룬ǸѰҲ
ȻѰ
ֱӵûһһ䶼վûסȥʣ˵Ͱ˸˯δ
һѡھ࣬Ӵ˾糯
طGŭˡ
Ƚ󣬾ͼڿϣԷϸĵĸιš
طGߡ
ι
ֱ׵Ľ
ɵЦˣҪõ㣿
طGܾ˸ߵĸ˯Ѿ·ŵĺֱͣǰһ
ֱ׳룬ꡣ
˿
ͰǰϺطGǰƣŴŴԣ
طG˹سš
ţŹĵ̣ﲻ
ԲԲģǳŮ˼ѵôһ˵˲Ҫ졣
طGһҭҪһ١
١ͰԴ
ڿǰȻ᲻ġ
طGƳһۣѹȸʮ㡣תʩʩȻ뿪ˡ
ţʹԼСͯȥӣǰ밲ٵĿǰƽĴ󳼣ͻȻͷ仹Ҫ
밲ٰһãȻ
һе鶼ԤףȻһܺõԤס
ͻȻϲ밲ˡһ̾ε룬ź̺塣
ͷ
ƽҲϲ밲ӣⶫҲ˿ȥࡣ
岮ڽϾ㲻Ǳ˽ϾҲֵµūڽϾѸ߸ϵҲˮ
翴ֱ̫ӡ
ӼҶףλڴˣͲͣˡ
Ҳû
Ĵ˸Ƿ𣿡֪
ҪȻʱ˵ıطGѩɽϵѩʲô¶覡
ôܡ
⻹粻˵
ôģϣֻװɵ
ȻƳһۣЦ·һջĲ£²ɢӣһǸ˲£䷢չ
ͣ
¸ҰɣҲѡڵ
ʵģشȴ̲סһЩȫҲδɡȻͷ̣ȻǲʺЩġ
Щź̻̫Сˡ
岮вɺľ
ĶŲյȣһԵĿЦŵ귨Ұ곣˵»Բ˵ľЩµȵȾͿˡ

üջǸ
ˣü
˲˼ɵǳЦ
СԴǰɣ
¶һڲеı飬СͻȻЩڣӣȻԽĳˡ
Ȼ׶ͯɡ
¶Ҳ̶õı飬Це˭ҵС޼ˣ˿ɰ
ԼཱུСظҵģ
˵Цţ;̲ס죺ˡ
˵
Ժܶܶǡ
ܾӨĿȴЩ᲻á
ˣʲǡ
еĳԾͺãмţţɵЦˣǻ귨Բԣ
ֻһˣЩ᲻á
֪ӣǳЦԡ
ͣ
⣬
һ㶼
Ṇֱ̀Ӹˡ
귨ԡ̵
˲жˣӹеʲǣԥĳԵˡ
۵ζڿǻл
ͷɵЦеġ
еۣŽż귨ף
׵ľ׬
ס
ѽ𡣡̹ˡ
յ·ˣʲôȱǷȻҲһǷ
͡ȿѾԶˡ
ֱ԰ԼϤǿ£ʼҶӡƵҶأÿһͿϲ໨
ˣūų븮ϻƯͽūȵţȻһ
Žûظ
һ鷿ȥöˡڶһϣ൱ĵġ
飬ʲôˡ
͡һԵط
ˣʡ
طĵĸɰʹ򿪿ͼһɰĽӡȵȡ

ʡ
ƽ߶࣬ҪЩˣôҲûʲôã㾡˱ǡط
СԴʱ˺֮Ե־ôʶʱ򻹷ܣһɰǮûǮѹˡ
壬šͲ㺰Թˡ
طҡͷ
ᶨİѶһǳЦŵˡ
Щ
뻹ǵͷڿǰó裬طʵ衣
úö顣˵
طԹԵͷ
ͲЩΣ⻨Ǯúö飬ֻеͷ
ϲ͡طСС
ģϲͻǮ
ϲˡ
;ܺá
СԴͻȻ뵽ѧſӣ¶ǳȰЦݣЦǺǵƷΩжߣʫҪ飬ұˡ
ԭȾͱҪ±Ͳòѧʱϰ֮˵ˡ
طڴںСʧÿʶƴһȴİĽ
ʫס
Ǳô
ְԼĺɰҪػü
ܾˡ
ò֤ݡ
޿ޣһ𣿡
͸Ī̧򢣺ɡ


85 
̵طʧĿ, ȥ飬˳һѣá
ֱ幬ȥ, ȵʱͼڴд֣һŶյĵ, ʲôһ㡣
룬츳
ֻá
ɶҲǡ
̯СС, Źӡ귨̫ˡڿ䡣
ŶһۣЦŵۣһ𡣡
Ǿ͹ҡͷ̫ˡ
˲, л귨͹ˡ˵
ͲɵЦˡ
ֺǺǵЦƼʻᣬá
СԴʲôЦƼʻᣬ밤Ųࡣ
ԵİɡЦ
СԴǳ𣿡
˵Цţ͹ԹԵĳ, ĵڻ۵ζرˡ
귨, ţ˿ˡ˵
ʹչʣСЦŵѽ;Сѽ
ս, Ȼ̵ģףȵˮ
ͷЦ죬ͼС̫༱Ҵҵĳͨһڵϣɫţͷ亹
үү̫ү̫үˣ
޺ڸ幬лصʱɫһס
˵ʲô
ҽи˵ʲô˵ʱ򣬱ϾⲻǷǳá
С̫޵һѱһᣬŵүĻ̫үֽԲѣҽ˵ҽ˵
Կ˵Ŀ⣬˵
̤ع칬ȥܽܡع칬ūսսһأصİʹֱ
үҽطiǰһء
æǰͼطiֽڴϣžͽ࣬ˡ
סطiɫһ㱣Խܣ룬Ȼ
ҩֱӿ޵˽ã֪ޡѹ
طiⲡһװĴȸĸˣ̣ôϣ²֪ЩԲѣò̫Ҫ
ڱվһøһڸ棬ôͻȻ䣬͸̫Ӳˡ
ãж಻á
̫Ӻء
ȫܲˡ
ܵһͿ
̫ˡ
طiǰ۸͹ĿڸǰţѾоˣޡ
Ƭ̣ô˼ƿС
̫ӲأκλӼ޵ӶԷȨڴ˴Եøⲻʱˡ
Ͳ룬Ȼûǡ
Ҳо飬ȫ塣
Ը󣬲̬죬㿪ʼԸôˡ
ҪߣͼŹ˵үӣڼ£Ȼڸ
ͣ
ӡ
귨ĸ롣
յߣǰһۡоҪдˡ
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ĻŵĲˡ
ôۣܾӵ¿ôתģ뵱¿뵱̡
Ȼͦѵġ
귨ƽĹǰһڣٲܺˡ
˴ԿǣܵĲˡ
ⶼʲô¡
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طiСϻ۹ˣȣķǳá
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Ȼ룬ЩֵܣǸӵĻôһ˲䣬˺ܶණ
գʱ򲻽ΪԼ޶ĺʵ̫Ϊ˲òǰߡ
Ҫǰꡣ
Ҫǵĸࡣ
̾˿ʼӡ
ع칬ǳã̫Ӳأ޴Σźü
ž;õǵĽ
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СȽϲ˯Ǳ۾ﶼӣﻹʡ
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ۣɵΣֱȥŷŬһЩÿ˻ʳԡŬЩҪݵ̫ס
ԣǺģײֱӵˣͳζʳ
տʼʱζʵЩˣһһǳе£һƬϣ;¡
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طiĶˡ
մ߰ĺó
룬ıոҲһݣû귨ԣԼҰꡢԡ
ԭŸƯҲһȥū˵Ѿȥˡ
ϾŲѣǰҡ
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Ϊ˵㣬ֻ͡
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кܶңòԺĴţȥƫԺġ
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תҪ뿪
ͼϵطiֶ˶
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ѹ̫ҽϸ
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Щ
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󶼷ˡ
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ɣͦ˵
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ҽǰʱطi±۾ЩỽһΡ
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ǰӵɢЩ
Ƭѣеڶѡ
ģԽԽ࣬ԽԽƵ
꣬ȥæѾˣտԼһж˹
ɫܾ仯ͦǰ裬ָֻĶŵӣžͽϲĽ
úúã˾ͺã㡣˵
طiʧЦҡͷôЩˣţѾˣȥæɡ
ԼָƯĹǽںܳرݣŴ󲡳Ŀݻơ
һġ˼ĿǸܺõ֡
ܽ˻ϲҲܽ˳
İ
ôġ
⡣
źӣ¶΢ɫ
̧ͷһϿºͣȥæٽ㡣
ͷһۣѹ£
ľĸо
֣˿תˣһб޿ܵĸоˡ
һС
ڴϵطi΢΢ͷϴį顣԰׵һڹƵС
ܼˡ
Щɻ
ɣ
طi̴̧ٵЦЦЦŵȥɣ£Ҳճˡ
̤ת뿪ȴǲĵ߻ѹԣϢ
ԣ
طiɫ䡣
˵ԣʶ֮ǰ
˼
˫Σյ
ܺõ۾ֺǺǵĻظ幬ȥˡ
ӣʶðˡ
귨ӡ˵
ͲɵЦˣܽء
Ҫ޲ˡ
ûôҵ̣СС;Ҫ򹤡
ӵ¿ôʹ
ţЪϢһա˵Щһֱţʵܵ
ú˯һ
ͣ
أأһʡ
Ƭ̣ѹǾͶһˡ
ͣ
ſˣһ
ҪѽҲæЩʱգʵ۵
ֺǺǵˡ
ϢãѾűʿʼʵ
ȴûʲôӡ
ĺۡ
ͷ
룬ⱲӶˣǰôӺ˼Ĵ
ǲϰһ졣
ġ
һԹڿͷ棬ʰʱӵʣ·ʹ
϶Э
롭͡
˵ȥЪϢƬ̼䣬˲ʧĺټ
βûˡ
̵ĻظˣطGĻϵͶι̹Ĳˡ
طGСԴ׻˵úãһղôʱչȥĽ
ûзֿôˡ
;СͣطGϺݺݵ˼ڣ갢֪ж𣿡
ӶҲЩȡǰˡ
Ǻ֪ж𣿡طiʡ
Ͷ䡣
ЦеԹԣɶɶ
طG
˭Թԡ
밤ǲǣطGװͰ͡
СԴļЦԹԣ
طG֣ϾһĹЦеͣ˵ˣϸᡣ
Թԣһ㶼Ǵ˺С
С·Ϻ˵ġ
;Сͣ󣺡Ҫ
ڸ幬ʶһµС̫࣬ĿͷǹԹԣͦõġ
ֻҪһסͺٸĵˡ
ô졣
Ҳܾ
ðҲûôͦϲӡ
ͲɵЦˣͷ
ԹԣסĻ
طGֱһСƨϣЦΣ˺ˣٽү㣡
;ͺٺٺٵЦ
ԿˡЩʱգڸ幬ЩϷˣ˶ˡ
طGһӣţ
˵ž͸ϽūȥտҪǰţرķʱ䡣
ͲɵûһغҪ⿩Щۻ귨ˣҲ֪ڳʲô
ȿͰذشڵĳЦ죬Ҳԡ
ϲԵر㡣
ӺȲȣʡ
ͷͷ
޲ƣܺȾơ
ʹʹĳһ٣͵СԲԲģԵرá
غҸ㶼֪Щӹʲôӡ
ʵ̫ˡ
ӣӣ첲ҪдˣܻùһӣǶĲˡ
ġ˵
طGͷﴦ£æĲˡ
Щô᣿Ȩô򵥡
һ޹
ûʲô¡Ҳ˵
Ͼ̫ӲãսսԨǴ²֮ڿڡ
Ҳ֪Ͼ밲ӣĺо顣
ڿߣԳЩʱյĴҲر˽⡣
иӵ˽⡣
ԴӦִ֣̫١
طGĬˡ
Լ̣ҪǱ˼ҵ̣жͲ롣
úúã˵Ķá˵
ͲɵЦˣ̵طGЦŵ꣬˵Ҳá
˵һ¡
ǵҲӣҲҪͯɡ
Ŷʱܾͳˡ
;׵Ľ
͡˵
طG
СӣӹߴߴĽУɵЩΣԹԣô
ףҲйԹ
ʹЦ
طGС˵ɶԣˡ
طGҲûʡ
Ͽ۲ЦŵöҲһ
Щûˡ
ֱҪ
ȥ̫үףء㣬񵽵¡
طGͷҺˡ
һǼͻ˵ֱӾ͵ˣЩʱգҽˣ˭룬Ȼˡ
ҲҺðˡ
ҪȻбȻҡ
طG͵СӶľַش֮ǧ͵СĲǡ
ĺܵġ
͹ԹԵͷҶϾ˱˲ԡ
Сء
ͲɵЦˡ
طGСԴЦ֪㶮
Ҳĺܺá


86 
СԴ
ǰЩ, ˵ȥ棿طG޳ָŲյƵһڡ
Ͷʱڴ
۰Ͱ͵ĿţҪȥ𣿡
طGû, ֱӵͷ
ЩӳͷظջЩСȥ棬һɽˮһ, Ǽá
Ͷʱ𣿰, ʱá
úüˡ
طG, ڸȲҲһ죬Ҳһ죬Ǽõġ
ū׼ߡᳵǼõġ
Ҳͷ, ˵ʲô躹ޣȻôѹ֣ǵƮųɡ
طGƮߡ
ȳֱţǲūȥһ, ˵Ǹ٣Ҫһȥ
ڹʷ, תūŹ˵Ҫ٣ıոһȥˡ
Ҫ졣
žһȦ
ʣҧˡæת, Էȴеĳˣô̹ܽлһæҲǡ
ôС, ѹӣЩʱգȥҲӦġ
ǲģÿг̡
ȺͽӵϢ˺üϢ԰뷹Ҫ˵Ҫ˵˼ҲҪǲһˡ
ʤš
ĽĽһžһȦ
龰
ȻкܶҪطiЩʱգ̫࣬Ҫһĸϡ
ع칬ȥʱ򣬾ͼطiڴǰŲͷͷ紵С
طi㺬Цǧ뺹갲
üʣֻѹֵ裬ɵ÷ЩӿɺЩˣ
غĻѾˡطiȭչĺˣǸͲɵû˻ӣһЦ
Ŀ۲ѡ
ЪЪȺЩ˵
طiſЦݣɵҲЦġ
⻰˵̹ﶼԼ˵ʱ˵ºͣȴǼּ
ͷ
˵ʲô޶ΪãԼӦȻУ񲻹ʲôطiﶼǱĵĴѹ޼ĸӣҪ¼ɣԽԽԶ֪
طiһԸӵİȥĸͣõάָӹϵڴ²֪ʱЩƽ϶ò̫Ҫ
طi֣ѹհߣҲѧ٣аҪʱ˵ĴȻ˭ԽȥȻݹʷ¹Ž񣬱ûκһ̫գŬߵĸЩȵļλ
طiһס֣ѹ꣬һƬ֪ģǰǶ벻֪˾
֪һƬⶼΪ˶ٲṼ
طi˵ʷΣ˵𴦣֡
áɫº͡
Ȱˣת뿪
طiıӰɫ
ߵſڣطiЦЦŴ̤ȥ
طGӭ񱼣ͷ紵飺갢ˡ
һӷ硣
ԼƮ
طGЦһһ˦ޣԭͿ񱼵ӵĿҰ

ӭ񰡡
˷̵죡ٿһ㣡
;÷ǳ
ͰСԴ̵Ŀ꣬ٿЩѽ
ϿǱһСڵ㣬ʧУɵΣѹƤĺܡ
СĶס
켸䣬Ŀʼ·ˬջҶҲܺá
ɷ۰Т˳ɣ£ԼӸƶһƮƮû㡣
Ȼ
ӺͷͻȻһ̴ٵĴС
ϻͼطG˷ܵĺһ

Ųǰͷôת˲ֻȥˡ
߿һȡ
ȻطGˣķŻٶȣͣ
ȥ˵
һãȻĿװ꣬ȻԷ뿴ĻȥһأͷŰ϶ŵϵĶ֣ߴ֣һק
ݣ
ۡ
ԭصĺͳһӻҡ
ͣ
˭ģҰء
һ𾪣Щ֪ʲôºá
;Сͣǰߣߡ
ߡ
ﾹȻһԡ
ţСӣĸдŸ״Ͷﲻ£ű˴ֱ뿪ˡ
ڿС̡
Ҫֻܽūԡ
һһд꣬ŰŽȥ
ſ⣬Ĳˡ
ԹԣҪʲôһԵСʡȻͶҲǳԣҪι
ȻȰȣȵˡ
ԭӪֱ˯ˡ
طGϻͼ˯Сˣϻ̿ĺۼϵʱЩѹɲˣ⿴ž˾۵Ľ
һӳ棬һ¡
طGӦ¡
Сߣ͵СһԵϣ˹ʣ˯
ϣ
⻰ĸ˯
Щ׼
ͺӦһ
˯͸˯һǲ˯Ҳš
Ъɡ˵
˾һ˯ˡ
Ⱥ˯ѣͼϣڰĸ첲ϣ˯һ
ͷ
ŷޣĺܺá
ϲͶ۵ӡ
ŵĳȥˡ

ʲô
ʡ귨ס
Сԣ˹غŲˮ˵С֪˯ļá
ˣ
š
ͣǰȥһ˺ܶˣҶӱ㽹Ƶ䡣
лҶ֪

һĵͷʤ
𣿡ס
šء
š
ںԸⱧС;ܺá
մζֱӾˡ
꣡
ͬŮ
ͲɵЦˡ
ͷ̵Ļ
ʰĻǲ˯ĸ㣬òõʡ
һԵĶϴźΣȻ˯ļãҲˡ
١Цü䡣
һСԴǲɵ˵ЦЦҲûǰࡣ
һʩʩȻǰߡ
ôģطGʡߵߵĲԶ
ġ˵žʹ˸ڣԶԼ
˲Բ۾
һƥЩ۶аƯƤëܹ
̫ÿ˰ȡϡĲˡ
̧̧򢣬ЦѪǺźҲܾϸʵϲĽ
¶Ҫı飬û˼˵
ۣ˵
ЦζͼٸӣΣ
ͷࡣ
СԴ˵ܡ
ûûҹʵ̫ˡ
پ
ҪҲա
㰢벻ҪЦЦ
;Ͷˣׯ轣湫
˻á
ѹߵĺãôҲ˵ڡ
꣬Ҫ𣿡ʡ
طGӣЦҪҪ
Ͷˡ
ͷ귨ܸ𡣡

òһ̡
ĺá
ǰѵҪĶôҲҪһ¡
ʲôʱʼ˵
˿Լ֣ӵУһ̣ԣء
ڡ;С͡
ͷ
ЦŵǾʹӻȥʼиûк֮ǵС֮󣬾Ѿܾˡ
յſڿ⻹̵ꡣ
뻹ǣƽܶС궼ụ̂ܳԵꡣ
Ǻ͵
޿
ꡣ֡Ҫ𡣡
طGͷ
ҪҪҪҪ͵Ҫ
˻ɫ磬ֱӾˣǰͷЦţڸ幬㡣
Ļӻ֡
Ҳõ
ȥطGıӰɫ䣬⺹Ҳ
Ǻ¡
˵
ȴԼСӣҪзԾͺˡ
һԵ˸ϽϷ⣬ỵ̹̂˿
ͲɵЦˡ
ԼԲСӣɶӡ
ƳһۣЦССͣʲôӡ
˫ֲͦŶӣ֪Ϊ֪ʲôеħӣһҲ֪ʲôӡ
úúáطGСԴ
һѹȥ
ͿռžСɭ֣ԼҰ꣬еĻطдԶﲻɡ
ȻҲ˷ܣŹͽˡ
ɶҲûС
ٽׯ˻ûжطGһȦûС
ˡ˵
ͰѹݸˣԼյܿˡڹôЩӣھԼֵҰ񱼡
ϾͿһ棬һССݶ˼Ľ
ͣȥˡˡ
ֻصӪĵطѾˣͷʳǲӵģҳСˡ
ͳԵС͹Ĺġ
ʳǺܺõӡ
ϲԶ
˳ɢʳūʰãһǰȥҪͷգһæĺˣҲ޷
ҹ硣϶
һ£ϣĵɫ
꣬˵𣿡
ͺʡ
طGֶ紵ݵ塣
ûСء
϶
ҪеĻϵûһ𣿡Լ֡
طG
㣬ĸ㡣
֡˵
;֪Ҳ֪ˡ
϶İɡ
ϣ
үֵֹĻ⡣
ĺ˼
һ£һµķɻŻȥϴ˯
񵽵ײԼ˵ûô
Ǻˣ˯ĺ𡣵ȵڶ˯ѣ;ЩҡҡλΣ۾һɵþˣ
Ȼ·ˡ
Ц²£
ԼĶӣ¡
ΪûʲôҪ
ڰﻳȥĶСöԸ⣬һ㶼
µһ쿪ʼطGϿճûΪ˯̫Ѿܸˣ˯²ʡ
˯ˣ־ٱ
ڵͷŵһƬߣɵãȻǸֵ𣿡
ôš
ȵʮµʱ򣬾ͿˡطG졣
Ϳŵյģͷ
⻹ͦ˼ġ
ĵڵ񱼣üȺҰ
˵ȵôʡ
طG
ԵЩڡ
ȵԱˣȥٵɲס
Լѽڵ
طGⲻǼݡ
һ޹ĿһԻƤȵ
طGϴʾܾˡ
ӦˣЦŵׯϸ
Ȼ
طGƳһۣͦ˵ģû˵
ϵǾͶȥš
Ҫ¾Ҫ硣
;ض̫ˣ˷򸴺ǲѽꣿ
طGһҭϺߴӵУεԡ
ô˵ȷʵû⡣
﹡ϣŵ½½ʼڵأеţأЩ׳ЩģŶֱڡ
Ϊʲôţ־еβʳӡ룬ϣгһգٲԶˡ
ͰСԴ߰ɡ
ȹƬأֽɽˡ
ͷһյľ֣ڿɽ̬ƽƽûöٹ
ɽԭʼɽأûб߹Ưµľ
ǺͲҳԡ
˵ʲôС
ܿС˵Ģž;ͦ¡
ϲɵЦˡ
ĢźƯӡ
ǳãָܼС˵
طGͷ󾭳
ͲɵЦˡ
鷳̣лл
ڴĿš
طG͵ʲộ̺ʱͲ·ʺϴ
ÿߵСꡫ
ߺطGЦ
һԲƴڻЦŵѽСأ
;СͣյǰܡţͻȻסŲ
ˣطGʡ
ͣأô˴ϢЩԣһѹȸС
Դè츳ܡ
طGסŲͬʱסϣͼڵһʱ䱣
ĦǰطGɫһ䣬Ѱûˡ
˺Զһ㡣͵
ĺˡ
Ȼ
OO@@ԽԽ
ͼһֻСԴɵ˳Щ壬ս˿һȺߴ࣬ɵһһԶˣû׷ͣԭصȡ
ɵӡͲɵЩôصζҲҹ
޴ӵ֪⵽ʲôҰޣǺͲԸߣ·Ҳ޷
͡طGڻ
ҲҪϣܾˡ
£¡ִ䱸ΧǰߡȻǲޣкڣܵţǶŵá
ȴʲôҰް뿴
ܿǲżõġ
طGһָϻ
ûлͷһۡ
ȴͷˣɵúͷŵ꣬ѻ𣿡

ָķ򣬾Ȼв֮͡ǻư·;ãЩĲ˵
ָָ꣬𣿡
ԵĶﵱȻҪһȻжԶܶԶԲĹǡϾԼԼ֪ڲһ޽ܲͨ
طG棺ģ
ּ䴫һĺͷƤ顣
𡫡


87 
ԽԽ, طGȻҲˣЩȲסɫ
ϻԾ
ҲЩţں͸ǰڵʵʵ
ܡ͵
, жԶܶԶ
˲ظӲӲ
˸߳, ǰеС, ˾ͽԭء
طG粻ĿСӡ
ǡ
ܡ˼ǰС
ͻͷһ, ẹ̀ôҲҪСӸ͵ߣ֮ǰ̡
С̻ײײ׷
Ҫˡ
ͷĴԽԽ, ѾҪ׷ˡ˿ɽϻԶԶ˦
, ²¡һܣһ߰ĺ塣
ϻӲӲ, ǾаڣȻܶ, ǻ, ܿơ
Ȼ
·̣ϴ̵ζ, ϻ׷ˡ
˲ɵõһⲻò˵, ĺֲܿѾܿϻϵĻƣſֲˡ
ͣߡطGֱһźˡˣԼӣҲˡ
úˡ
ͿŴ˵вİ, Ķôܻˡ
֪Լĵףѹ꣬ɡ
Ĺ򣬻ʲôá
ô˵طGĿһۣԸ̵ʱڣҵԼ
ȨԣЩﶼһȦɭеϻͬ
Ͼһǧ೤ģһιģѵȼһ¡
𡫡
ϻĺԽԽ
Ϳٵ
طGһۣϻֻΪɭ֮
֪͹ԹԵȷʵ֪ϻʲô֪һһ
Ȼ⡣
ôСһ磬ϻһβͳ飬ҪõķԼơͻ˻ġʮҪ¡ϻȻǺıȣûô㡣
ܿϻͳǰγţҪߵıȽƫԶʶ˺ܶ
һ£á
˶󣬶ԸϻٺòطGϢ񣬿һִĸѹ£үһ𡣡
ϳȻһЦ¡
ʵûʲôµġ
ͲɵЦˣϻˡ
Ȼ
͵ĴϻԽýԽܿǹݵϢ
ϻѹΣյĳ
۾еġ׼ϻͷϻӦһǹҪϻûļӶצӣͱһǹˡ
طG
ϣ
Ƕ׼ˣ˭뵽Ȼһǹ
͵û͸ֲһǹ
ǰ̽ͼϻˣͷˡ

һ̽
˵ͷȥͼֻϻ̱ıܹߺĽţϻĻ̡
Ͱ
СϻŬĺ̡
ԺЩãȻĿź͡
ɰͿ䣬ֲݺÿСûͷݣʵǺÿ
žϲĽ
á˼
꣬Сϻ𡣡ʡ
طGҡͷɡ
ɥ־ƽèϻȻҲܡϾʱбڿǽ⡣
ϡֻϻ룬ҲͲǰͷ·ǰϻͷؼҡ
ǿӡ
ֱӰϻͽطGź͸ϣϴȻıո
ͿЩƯĻƣëƤ߹԰ͼ̤˹
ǰطGһţְѺڻžĸһСƨɡ
ͣ
׿ţ׵ˡһӳ죬һ٣ĺס
ӡ
װޡ
ȴΪǳȥ棬ĲԼȥطGͺ;ﵽܵĽ侲ˡ
귨ĸ첲Ƽϻʱ룬ϻһˣҼ귨ˣǿ϶ѹ
ġ
۰Ͱ͵İС
Թԡ
ֵûӣʵЩСٲˡ˵
֪ѽһϵģǹȥѰġͽ͡
ŴϻҲЩѪڡ
ֱ
ͱһֻС̣գ۾ɰܡĵĿڣֻҪͬ

һֻϻ̣ˣһ׮£;ͷۡ
ܲ𣿡ʡ
۰Ͱ͵ĿѻСϻ£Ķ죬귨һ
Сϻ
ʱҲСϻʵ̫ÿûסͷɣѵÿҪʲô
лʼ飬һֻϻˡ
ôܡ
ͶʱֺǺǵ귨Ҳ̫˰ɡ
ԼСظһ渺𣺡ģϻҿ϶װס
š
ӶǷȶȣ⻰˵ĺӰһµġȻźСһ仰û˵
仢Ĺ£״ĵ׶ǡ
ͣ
ġ
ԼҰ϶ܽģ͵ģĿͶ򼸸ʰ磬ϾҲһǰ֮¡ǰ̫Ӿ£ڲϣ廹ûãЩ顣
ǻ˭ء
һ˭Ҳû뵽ˡ
ǡ
ûסԼİĻﾹȻԲڵϻΣ壬һǹʵ̫ˡ
̲סҪÿ˶
û뵽ɵЩҲ֪ʲôֻˡ
ʲôģ
ôô
㵱ʱôҴģ

Щⲻһ㣬͸տʼǣǫĲˣ˵ϻ׷û취һǹû뵽ϻˡ
ȱʶˣͿʼʴʡʱҿϻ;ûˣǰһСϻʱſڵϣҶ
ԼҸôˣãԼײ
ͷϴѪ
СȰȵģ˵˶ʣһһ㶵ġǻʵ۸ǰŵĻʵĽȻܹЩ
ԣ˵
ʶ˻汾
Ҳûʲôǿϻʲôϻһèˣһǹȥܽ¶
ﴵţȴ˫ֺʮϻǸִʱǸҴϻôҲðε
Ᵽĺ
ʹţ⹬﹬ŵİ汾͸ˣˮԺ˭£Ѿ̫Ҫˡ
ʲôԻȻǼٵġ
ȻıոطGĺ͵СԴʤ
ܿ֡
Ȼһεı顣
ôˣطG΢Žţ㱣ҽˡ
ɫЩӣ귨ҵġ
ֱһλ
Ϊ귨֪֪ƾˮƽҲ˭뵽Ȼٶᣬ˼Ĳɡ
طGҲЩ⣺껹öҵԣүҲᣬ㲻֪𣿡
ЩӶᣬҲɣδʽΣԼˣŲ֪ˡ
ͣ
귨ٻͦ˵
طGĵصͷѧʲôס˵Ļһͺ
ͣ
ĺваⲻĶеࡣ
һԵϣܲɣ
šǰЩŵˣյİŻָɫ
ȷʵᵯ٣Ҳû
ŷĵԼؿڣЦеá
һ𲻻ᡣ
үڽ˵
Ϳ
ôи٣ЩӦˡ
˵⣬طGɵóĬƬ̣ǻͣ˵ط͹ġ
ɫ죬û˵ǣͻ͵ģԼү껹СĽڸˡ
룬ԼӵĶ쾭塣
ðɻе顣
طGү
ͶˣٱȻһݣҪȻԼҰ˵
⡣
Ҳװ֪ˡ
طGҲЩ飬͵ݸһɰǡ
һ۾ˣȷʵȸٸġ
һ߿Ŵﾰһ߾سǣ۽Ƽһֻ׵С֣͵͵ǡ
Щ죬ֱӸ˵ͺãӲĵӰУܿԼҶǼִ̼

ס
Ŭװװĺ࣬Ǽζʮֻװȥ
еˡĻԻ𣿡
Ϲ򶨣ԡ
Ҷ˵ܾһ죬Ҫ

;ͱԼС̣ߣëĽСΪ̳Ե̫ͶЩȥ
Ȼǰ֮
Ҳס
СʱĿɰ˺޲ð衣
ι̣ëСϻԼķ˯ĸˡ
طG
ϣ
ƽִ˯ѣʲôȻԼִˣɼСжôĴ
ֿҲͦõġ
طGͽ֧˹ӣ˳ƿơ
Щ˵
ϺЦܾŴߴǰЪɡ
Եȵ㣬ȻԵȵ㡣
طGߵĿλüӯӯ
Ż߽
һĻ죬һ֡
Ƭ̱㰤һˣþùӡ˵СڣطGЩȣ⿪̿۵ӣ¶°ǡ
Ƴһۣüۼӳκ졣
үβġ
˭֪ڴʱһ𣺡꣡˯Ҫһ𡭡˯
˯δ˵ڣżζʱ˷̵ⲻң
طG
ġ
Զȥ
һȣ޳ĴȰڹǰ
ûӰˡ
;ŴߴߴĿˣһ˯š
ŲҪԼ˯
ҪͰһ˯Ҫױ
ϾЦų֣
յܹȥ˲˼⣬Եˡ
ٺ٣ѽ
һ;ЩˣԼԹԵȥڣϴ
طG
Ĭ̣ܶȥȫܶ
ڳɫɵúЦЦŵ޷ҵȻȥ鷿
Щߣ˵ͺˡ
طG¶ζı飺ˡ
ƶ
Ϻһۣ
ͺܿ˯ˡ
˶һۣطGɫǰǣ𸣽֣ҹڣү㡣
ڿĺܡ
Ⱥ˯ѣһʱȥԼСϻڻûµСӣҪһ
޲ð̣֮£Լʪˡ
ͲɵüС̣Ҳ̫̭˰ɡ
Ūһࡣ
è̾ͲᣬǶɾĲˡ
Сϻ㣬ôʲôȰȻԷģҲ
ͲɵΣСϻСԴˡ
úúȡ
ɷСϻԱˣŤŤĻԼͨһɣɹ̫
̤ϽܾСϻı̹
귨Сϻ˵

ôܰϻȥɺͳ
ô룬طȴô룬˵ϻ֪ûϿô򵥡
ȻСϻĺܿɰҪܶǼõġ
ط֣̽ŻԹԵСϻʱ죬׵Ĳˡ֪ԭ˳ͱֵıȽϺðˡ
ô硣кٻ˼ٻ
СϻԴСϻʱԽūŸϽﱧڻźá
žú׵Ŀû˼ֻܾЦŵڱĶҪǱô죿
°ͣ˼Ǿ͸øˡ
࣬
ȫеķ
ָ˵䣬㳯ع칬ȥͷȥ̫ӡ
ͿֵĻ֡
۶Сϻϡ
ȿع칬ͼطiź磬ЩݹζôõĲδȫ޴ӳ⡣
ꡣطi밲
ɫл΢һ˿ǣǾЩ˼죬˵ģζ
ʵܲ
ڲУΣζȻࡣ
ڴҲһĳԣһȥЩסѳԣûζ
̫ǳЦ⣬ףôЩʱգܳԵĶ١
꣬ط_أʡ
òˡ
ĬεǺӸֱŤǵһҵԼȥˡ
ѾˣǰЩ̴ͻһĶ
ɫӣͦϲط_⺢ӣطҲǺϲ
طiɫһȡǰˣһһĺá
ԵĶ޹ؽҪ
ԴǿУ԰׵гֳһִ͸ɫ
ˣΪοļô룬ˣﶼ
˭Ҳ޷ĵλ
طiЩŵֺĸоǰΣһӪһַǳ㱵Ļһʱ䷴Щֲ壬⵽ʵξ
꣬¡üͷѪɫӴżĿ
ʱ۵Ըӡ
ԣ£һжкšš
˵δõģҲ֪ūźĿɾģˣֵöŶˣԼˡ
طiıӰЦЦȭڴߣĿ˿ȡ
˼
˷ȥ£ǵǺ͡һԵС̫࣬С̫֪ת뿪
ͣطG
طi˼һϵ޷졣һ϶ָΡЦЦ԰׵ǱĴꡣ
ѽЦ
̣ĺϲ
ϣת


88 
ȥ, ʹһˣھСƨҲ֪ѰʲôæĲˡ
߽, ̧ͷһЦ, æԼġ
귨, ȥæɡ˵
§СӸƨϵ⣬ǳЦŵ
˵걧, ūŴˮ, ԸϴС֣Цŵϻ㡣
ͳĬƬ, 귨, 󲡳Ҫʱ´ζ˵˵ﻰϾڹ, ʵܵĽ
Ĭ
Ц, 㾹Ȼ顣
;ͺٺٵЦС֪㰮ңҲĽ, ػȻǲҪ
˵Ŀ¶һҵı顣
ԣɵЦ
ɣ֪ˡ˵ָָϣЦŵ⼸ĸ̫ȥ˵š
ͷ
ֵܼͷ̫ڿ, ĵİ̫Ӹڵˡú󣬵һһ֧տʼֵǻӮ䣬սܿܶսȺ·硣
Ϳžú˼̫ӵ̫ӣһˡ
طGҲЩĬĬظ̫󣬲ͷμ⣬̫Ӷ̬Щ֣ȼˣöҪĲ¶졣
;ؿһУҲͦõģǰ̫֮Ҳ۵ĵĽ
ˣ̹
ÿﻹæųԳԺȺȣﶼæĲˣȥϿξӣżſһѧ΢֡
٣ͨţǾȦ˵һЩ˼¡
ҲȥһۡǰȥϧȥˣʵΣϴɾԼĵ
СԴǰ·ʮĸһѵѧҡѧҵȵȣûƽִųϡ׽ʿˡ
طȥĻǣôС̡
ܣˡ붼ľܾ
Ҳ֪һ˵ˡѽ⣬סŴˮף϶ܺó԰ɡ
ԡڳϣû͹ʲôֱӾóˡ
ͰͷϲĲˣڿڣĺϲôôõĻ귨ѽ
ֱϡĲˡ
˵ҪƨһףȴЦĺϲ£죬˼ˡ
ȥæ˵
;͹ɵÿλãȥæ
ԼҲͦæģʱ򻹵ڳʱ㿵еĺ͵״̬֪ܶ£ܶҲ֪кͶĶ඼ˣԼΪԼḻһ¡
뵽кͣɵ̾˿˵ĺ
뵽˺̣⺢Ϊʷûеĺӣ֪ûпк͡
ǵĻһٺò¡
ˬ
żϣŸ߸ߵͰƣпݻƵҶ䣬;ú⾳
ˣǲǲԶˣ
ýرů
һźŵ˸Ͻأش󰢸Ļů͡㶼ѩˣڻֻǴųаû
͵ͷ
ȻõĲ黵飬˵һ䣬ڶ˯ѣƿܿؼһƬذס
һ紵Ļ˱ѣһ𾪣Ǳɽ˲ɣգһҹ˯Ѿ´ѩ
ʮһ´ѩůȡŸ裬߶µڱô
󰢸磿˵
Ͳɵñˡ
𡣡

űͣȵСһʱͣұẠ̊́Ƕڸ̷ǳȤ
Сžľˡ
ӵұȴһĲģһ̾ϿΣҲõֵôʲô
ڲ˯ٴЩûо˯ˡҪҪ𣬾С̫˵ѩ첻빬ˡ
׻С̣ûʱŶҲҪ飬ʵûҪӻء
һɺˣ귨˵Ļﶼȥģһġ
ܿͱϸ޶ˡ
˵
Ϊ˲̥ڴβֽס͵СţֱӸ
ͣ
ʲô
ҲҪӵۣ
ȵ§ڻ·ʱ־̵ģԼҶϿһڣ̵Ҫȥ𣿡Ȼȸãôϡ
СϴЦȷʵҪ档
ȥƯҡ˵
ͶʱҲòˡ
ȵ˱ոϣͼطŰ˸ͻ˵Լȥ鷿æ
ϴǳЦ⣬˵ͷЦˬˡ
֪ط鲻ãǰЩүˣ̫ſͺ޲õ죬̫Ӳˣط޲õ졣үε̫ӣ̫Ӻεľǰ˱ո
ν
ЩοһֱԼүƮ̫ˣڰקǼõġ
ͣĻ
˵ŸϽ§ڻһ㡣
ͲɵЦˣСԴСȥһССĿ䣺ƯԽÿˣپƤ𪡣
ſھͺ塣
ɤӣЦʣƯÿǶÿѽ
ⶺ
Ҳ뿴ôش
ƯĶƯ
Сֲһ
ǿ˺ÿԼÿһ
ϵʱЦˣ͵СЦ˭
ûбõĻشˡ
⣬ֻг֪жѡ
Ϳ϶ͷôգ
ĺܻϲ
ϰڻСЦŵǰ˵Сۣ˵ˡ
Խˡ
͹ԹԵͷΪѽ
һЦĸͱ˿ĺƯ˰˱պͰ˸ŵ㣬ССžһ־˵
ŮꣿС͵С
ϵʱЦ
ץ졣룬⺢Ҫܸһͺˡ
ȻԸΥĶࡣ֪ͳ󣬵Ǹʲôӡ
ǴģͿ쳢ζһǹ⣬иָĽǹڲǣڶǽģ˵ҪһЩ
Ͼźã껹Ҫôʵ۽ͣȥеĶûСԾͲˣʡºܶ
ͽӹƯõСӣһڣȻ֭ˮҺ
óԡ䡣
˵һЩ뷿ͷĻõź͵˵ЩãЦŵܲȥ壬ڼţ
СԴСܾͣ԰𣿡С䣺ҲġǰĻڣôͻȻͽˡ
ϵʱЩ죬Ҳ̫ˣҪܶ࣬Ҳֲүǰķˮ
á˵
ԲĺͳȥѩſϣЩѹɩүرá
ɫ両ֳĲãѵĹԼСӣһشˮѵˡ
ɫʱ׹Ƕˡ
Ҫʲô˹Ʒ
Ҫ𣬱ȥͺãԺЦ滢˱գеĳӡ
ҪһȣȻҪ˼ǰ󣬲
ɫãӣ̰ġ
϶ʱˣǰҪⰮҲҪ
˭̰ġ
ԣǷޡ˵
޾Ƕһ˿ᣬֻҪطϽģôԶԽϣΪҪӣҪܶӡ
ϵ֣һǣ𣿡
ſڴϣС𣺡϶԰
ϣ
ôˡ
㲻˵㲻𣿡ɫࡣ
͹Сֱͣ׳Сֲ˵ƭ˵Ĺôأ
ϳ˹֣¶ݷı飬ô˵ͦԵģ޴ӷ
Ҳÿԣʡ
͵ͷòȥд黰ȫұˣĻ춼˵һ仰û˼˵Ⱞһ
͸¶˼ˡ
ϵʱյһĴȣȻඥ
ô˵ˡ
ţ۾źͣЩĻҲôģ
ʹС̵֣ЦҺˣ
ϣ
룬ǳˣСֵ
ˡ̫Ҳ̫á
ͣ
զˣһ֪Լǳ˵ġ
˵ţū˵ع칬С̫˵ҪٺͰ빬
üһԵĹϣɵɫ䡣̫ǰ֣˵ʵڵģЩ¡
û£һҲں̫ӵûˡ
ϻ磬˸үŶô˵ҪЩźá
ͰСԴԹԵĸ˻뿪
ϲģԼŮϣСŵͣź˵Ĺ򲻻ᣬرǿ
Ƚع칬󣬺ɫЩ㱡ع칬ܴ󣬵ס̫ˣһС
ĺܸɾֻһ㱡ɴش¡
һӰţɫ
Ͱݼ̫ӡҪǧͼ˰ڰ֣ʱСŮǰ
طiᡣ
;͹ԹţŶȣϵҲŲ˲С۾Ǻʢǹ⣬ǳЩҲӳȥ
һ£طiͰѵǰƣЦŵԽɰˡ
;СЦԽˡ
һֺìܵĸоЦı飬Ҳ˾£ֻĽ˷ֳ룬һЦ⣬һЦѹֵķ衣
طiüһڲˮЦŵ˵Ȼˡ
⻰ûӣ޹Ĵ۾ԹԵĿ
΢Ĵͷ࣬طiյ֪ˣ괺ﶦʢ˵ô죿
ģɡ
һʵλô׳£ڻ귨ֵº
װɵ
զˣСԴľ̽ëգգԳ޵Ĵֿ
̫֪װɵƣĴָĦޣͷįҲԸ𣿡
һرݣЩݹ᾵ĸо¶飬̲סȫõĶǰȥ
Ͳûסϸǰڴ˴δãΪѣ֪лҪĶкܶࡣ
ǺͲǶɫ棬ӨĴ۾񳤴ܹһ棬ĽֶҲ볤ء
ɫЩ󣬺˵ʲôƨ
귨Ǵﶦʢ
ֲһ䡣
Զﶦʢˣ㻹æɶأϴϴ˯ɡ
طiһ²յеİˮɵЦ͵Сü䣺㰢Ǹľͷ˸ݵ̡
ǧĹʵ
⣬úͰͣͺ֮ˣһ죬׳طGӣҲθ
ͳЦ۾
ĺϲ㡣طiϵ⣺̫£µӺˡ
һ˵˵־ⷨӺ񲻴һָܷıո
Ӷˣһǰ⣬һںǰ⣬ˣүġԼ£һʯĺüƲߡ
Ц˫ɵ
¡
ǰ̫ޣ̸Цֻҷζˡ
̫£ıո̫ӴõǿݿǾⷢչֶΣıոȻᱻ޽
ӼҲƽ⡣
ѪԵϵڣ̳ٲıոĵˡ
طiཱུСƨɣˣѰ귨ȥˡ
׾񲻼á
ͳЦЦ幬ȥһȥڿˡ
̸̫ӣ롣
ԣСæӣ˼Բߣ뻹˯ɡ
̸̫̣ףıոӣ˵ĵճӣǸ˺ʲô𣬻˯ɡ
˯ˡ
Ȼرո󣬾͵һʱԼҰ꽻һ
Ǻǰóıոճӡӣ֪ж𣿡طG˿š
ŻСİˡ
Ҳھ˵±˭
طG˿Ҳòһ̫رѸ㣬ͻȻͨζдԺĸо
ΣطGΣǵѯʡ
ͱͷҽ룡
㶮ЩƣϺȣҲǹعǰˣ󵶣ʵ۵Ľ
ϲǵһɱȫȫΪ귨ˣڡ˵Ҳ൱Ҫۺ˼£ʷԼҰĴ޷죬Ľ
طG˼
ү֪ˡ˵
ʱֶȻͬ㣬εѹţ˵Ķûã·ӿӦЩ
طG˿͵Сü̧ˣСĶ׳ߡ
һԹʵ𣿡
һЩԳԺȺȾͦˬˣĶҲûá
طGһ뻹ǡ
Ŀڣ
סԼСͣԹҡͷʵúãб𣿡
طGͷС
ЦҾͿһ䡣


89 
ѩ, һ˵㿪ʼ
͹Ӵ
ǰǰģ塣
طG, С, ĻСԡ
Сӵ཰۵ġ
Ըףʵһ㣬Цɵž, ؼƽϡ
طGӵĻ, ҪͺúõĽԼľ飬·ߵĸƽ̹Щ
¶۵طG˿§ڻ, ȷʵķˮĵȴӡ
۳谮, лüһұȲ̫Ӱ֡ƵŴ, ʵûκʵݡ
, پϴм֮Ȩû˵ȷʵôˡ
طG, ͻȻòԾ⣬ͻĳ幬, ںʱ죬ṩԼ
ڵĶӵеȨ
طG
ʱ˺򣬻Ҫк걧
طGס͵СԽԽ, ۾ʣ귨ʲôԻ
Ҫ㣬ҲǸСһ̫Ӷûе١
˫ŸѰͯһɿɰȫһǧӡ
ɵ¾ǾطGüͷʡ
СԴ
طGСԴЩ棬֪Сܽƻ۾ȴֻе
˲Ծľͻ
ͿĴŹǷطGһſ̵Ц꣬
۽Ƕˮˡ
طGܾ޿޵Ŀӣû˼£ͱڻģ˯
һʱ侹ǲĮӡ
֪Ҫ˯һʱ䶼û˵ֻæԼ£طGڱĿӣʹСǰԴүۣԼһ档
ʱˣȳ󻹲֪˵áһ㣬֮⣬֪ʲô
Ьһο塣
üᣬĺϲͣͷһӣڴн󡣺òˣүժӡЬС۷䣬ɿɰġ
Ⱥ˯ˣİڴϣطGһԵϣ΢΢ͷ΢ƵӳǵĹ⡣
ưЩϣ
һôã˴˼ϤĲˡһһ˲˼
ҧ̺Ĵͷ΢΢һЦ˰׵ָطGůһĴϣ첻壺ҲҪ
ڶպ˯ѣѾӰԭسĬһ£տʼܺסѾ֪ʱʱ·û˯
տʼ˵ġ
ߺߡ
Ļ˹źϴԼԹԵ£ֵߵߵȥš
ԲСһǸ״Źȥ
˼ѩ첻ȥں͵УæʱտϷ˵ϲ⣬Ȼ̱Űྐྵӡ
ȻʵĵҪߵߵԼͯˡ
귨յĳȥQŰСѥϵѩ
һƬžտյûʲôСԴԹԵ߳ȥſڵȡ
£Сѩ
ȿͼһСԲӣԴԲԲģƨԲԲġͻȻȥʱСƨɵĸоǰġ
ԡỽһȺͷӦýżСƨɡ
ͶôãѾЩ飬һСƨɣʱĲȣСһ˵ϡ
˻ľ
ЩС첲С˵ҲЩûȥССųŵأĵ˷
ԼСƨְԼ޶ˡ
귨ľС͡
˫ֱں棬۰Ͱ͵ĿȻһ仰û˵ҵϢرŨ
ĵһҪϵСԲӣȻյͷͼ͵СԲĹĵģ˶۾֪
СȻץһѩ
ֱŵҪѩӵĶ©ٳ
˻ѩһ¡ȷʵû˸ҶŻʵѩڵһ
ѽ귨Լˡ
ŬĸϵĲѩȻùѩͮͮСֿͦ
ԣû¡żʵ۵Ľ
͹ԹԵͷŴŴ´β귨ˣ̫
Ҳû뵽ȥ
ԿĹ׾ٵ¶
û£޸Сѯʡ
ͣ
㻹ʲôġ
áӦ£תһ־òԣ⿵ʲôҪöʲô
ĥţٿ಻ܿԼˡ
ЩӣҶиܾѧĶܸ࣬귨˼仰˵ҡɵô࣬綼һǡ
ˣӶᣬóĻᣬ׾ͱȽˡ
ܿһˡ
ü˼
úҲѧܶԻ귨Ӣие֪һ
۾Ҳĥ˵㲻ֻ棬Ҫȥ˼
ţ˵ڵ
˵˵С٣ֲᣬȻ֪ĺûҲЩЩеľ֮Ͻˮ಻һʰ
СȰȵر˵
סСֱֱĶϬܰС̸
˵ʵ˵
̯֣ѹǰ˵һѧҡѧҡѧҵ˲Ź壬ûܹǴʿ
ԡ
ƽĶڴֻлʵۻᣬ֪ʲô𣿡һ̾󻹻èٱ°һΣԲԼ
ſɫЩãԼС֣סһָ߬ģҪͷ֣ܺӡ
ЩµſָϾ˵ʵЩԽˡ
ͰָЩʲôĺ
˵Ȱڣĺƽÿ⡣
귨˵Щðˣϸ֪ɷҵǧﰡ
Ӣ䣬Ȼѷ⣬ҪȻҲڶѡ
С߶߶˵ţŵĲֿһڣЦеǮбԶһĵĵطĲȥһѾ𣿡
ǲ룬ԭ
˵⶯˼
ô˵ҲҪѧϾʼҵĴٶ࣬Ҳûࡣ
ƾٲѧֻǲÿƾ٣츳ϲˡ͵
³лѧȻɣƾٲûѧ߰˹ѾѣЩҪ
ͷҲǵˡ
һ֪˼ǣɵЦʣˣ
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Ǿû귨ҲҲᣬҾͻ̰̰˯л귨á
̵Ŀ䣬΢΢ҡΣգųĽëߺ
Ϸݹˡ
ȴůڵģʱҲ֣һ۾ܿףҲ֪ЩС˼ȴԾûй˼ɰܰ
ϲ㡫Ŭ
С֣ڻε޵ġ
ˡ
ʱ˭ҲȲ۶࣬ƽֺ
Ĳɡ
ְֺޣ᲻֡
ͺٺٺٵЦڿѱС磬̵İСԴ
ϼů
ԹԣԼվȥҪٳˡ
ﲻǺϲͻ귨
˺û˺ȥ
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Ǵ񣬺Щ˯ѩͿѩɵζرϲ
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˳һۣ˶ʱ֪ѹŻĲҪСͯĺͣ׳־δߡ
Ⱥ˯ѣͼڿϣһԵС̫Ŭоͷ
귨۾¶Цݡ
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͵ͷ
š
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Բϡ
;ͺٺٺٵЦԼӻͦӡ
ү̫үС̫ǰ˵
ü
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ͼ
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طiüʹЦ⣺뺹갲
Ͻ𱸣ʵۡпԻȥ㣬οһ⡣
طiҲЦȥôˣһƬʵڽжмЩ̲ס
˵΢ǳЦ⣬һ崺ĸоƫƫڴǹָ˼⡣Ϳмˡֿº͵Ը
Ϳžú棬ǰ̫ӣ󱻷ϵҲ
ţһǿһ
ǰڸͿЦ˵ôõĺӣճӣȻǼõġ
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ͷſװûȴҡҡΣ
Ŷͦá䣺Ҫ򡣡ղŹһˮһţ
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ԭǰ̾͹£϶ͬѪǸְˡ
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˳

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˱Լࡣ
ΪʲôҪĿʡ
ͶʱЦһԹΪԵıȲ
һҭ

Ҫߣͼ˰֣ʾȥһѹ棬ôˡıոӣܹ̽ع칬
طiɫĹ۲š
԰޳ָŲյֹǽڱֵĸо
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ѻ˵ƫƫûڵĽҿһ˼ţɵõͷСɽȪʻʳУȥ
˲Բ۾СɽҪǴ˷̫ӣͲٸˡ
òҡ
Ҫ
طiɫЩ棬ôϲŭɫС̣Ϳཾͷ˺޽еĳ谮ôճ̣Ҳ֪Ӻδġ
˻СȻ
Ҫ򣡡ȵ࣬͵ȥ
ȻʱͶֶţ̫˰ȣſڡ

Ц޿밤ᡣ
ϺʵĺãһſҲС
ҲǸ幬ָɽ
ͷıСԴطiһǾµƽۣЦеѽϴˡ
طiɫһЩࡣϲ˰Σûϴ֡
һ̲סЦ
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Ц
˵ţ̫ӵ𣺡úģĺĸĺãЩҲӦģǰ⿤ƫƫģΡ
渣ƵĺͣЦΡ
طi뿴ôܾ
Ҳ뿴֪ԼҪ⿤Լ̸ƵĻʲôӦ
ѽѽͷͷһԵĿҾãͿ귨ôˡ

һԵ̫ӣ֪Ϊֵ룬ɵοЦŵ˵
ּ
̫Ӵ߽
Ժ˽⣬˵׳ԼΪ϶ᱻϾ˷Ҫƽ⣬Ͳ̫ࡣͣôıոҪ˥Щ
ǳǳ¶һĨЦ⣺һɻǶģϱӵ¶Щ䶼һ㱡ɴĿ塣
ɫ԰ףĴ΢΢է֣ɵۣѩôԶ䲻䣿ȵȲɡ
ɫ̫ѿˡ
Ҳ͵͵Ĺ۲̫ӣĥ˷⡣˵Ҫһֲ̫ܵƱΪôΪʲôҪΪ
˼
̫ӱÿĺǰѲ¶ˡ
ûʲô쳣
һΪ˵ܵıĺøˡѵܹ
úúáƴЦ˵Ĳˡ
˻С
ѿӽֶƨɣʱʧ귨Ĳſ𣿡
õ⡣
Ц
;Ĺˣ߶µĻ幬ůůŵ
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ˮͿ
طi
οһˣȻ˵ܶ£ʵίԼ
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һɫ԰׵̫ӣʣˣ
طiŵɫĴ
˵ü


90 
Ȼ󲡳, Ҵ⣬æŽҽֽū, ̫ϡ
Σն, طiæꡣ
һ̧ͼطiŴǣܺõӡ۾Լʲô
, жһڡ
طi
ûԶ, Ļж
طiü⣬˫΢, ʲô
һҵİ
طi
, һֱôпղɡͼ϶ͷ, Ȼ֪
˵, ͻ˸, СԴ㡫
طiҲء
ϰǻ, ȴֱˡ
ɤӣЩ, иˡ
ͷ, ʾϽȥǡ
ͻ˻֣ѽ
һ仰ͻص
طiŲ΢, ڸ幬סĶĻӣ˭ҲȲȴЩ档
סеζ
ſڴϿȥıӰһԵĿ̫Ѱ
ʵ, ̫ӱȻʵ۸ѡ
һꡣ
СԴЦã̫ӣô
°ͣû
֮ǰһֱԼܻܲ꣬ʷȥʲô̫ӡҪǻţλп̫ӡ
롣
ͳô붼̫ĺѣôԵӡ
̫ӣǸӶ֮Ĺϵгòģ޴У̫ɼ
ǿ͢ǿᱻѹơ
̫ӣ
ԹıλĶࡣ
ƾأʡ
ͳƾУҪ֮Ĭܶˡ
顪
طiǣҲǡ
Ĭˣ͵СԴЦͶˡ
ҲûͲϣ˼ҵֿɰ˰
ƽȹȵҲɰװɰͻһϺˢıŤУС
˵۾̣̲ۡס˵
;СͣһȥæˡһظͼæָףµһָͣͿˣÿ춼Ҫµɫ
Ĳֺ
Ĳⱦʯأڵ
һĴȣ˻أ˵öԡǶʯôÿָȻҲԡ
ͣ
һ˵ָǶʯҲ̫ݳˡ
Ҳݳޣý˸ǴĥƯ״һЩֵǮıָ߽׵ԽԽϲѾ޷԰εĵز
طGʾ۾ȴǵ޸Ưıʯá
ʵʱȻȴͳºͣţ貶Ŀÿ
ָŪôڣֹ֡
ҲһۣúףѾѧ÷ɫˡ
㡭˵һֱͣȴ϶ˣ񣺡˵
ţ˭֪ıոĸ˵èţĵ񣬾ЩˣͱѲƶģˮơ
طG
úõſ飬ô콵Ρ
ǲʡ

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˵
֣ʲôСͦõġ
ȻѾ˵ˣת뿪Լæȥˡ
ҪԼĵƯƯġ
ԼԼȫ׵Ĺߣܵ˱ոȥȻطԼҸҲɩһû
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ڽţͿⶬʢڳǣʵĽ
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ļҡ
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ЦŵͷСˡ
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ϲɵЦء
ء
ͽ̧
è̾Ҫصġ
ϵЩ飬˻;ҪϽѺͷ
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ŻЦеģ˫ȴһƬžľ
ڸϴҳʵڱƵò׳ˣɩͺ;͸Ӹˡ
ʩʩȻڴϣ͸ˡǺ«ˮȣͰСչ˵ĺܵ
һƴǣ˵Լãȴյʱ̲סЦü䡣
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޲ֱӱźڣٰԼȥ
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һļӷᣬЦŵүǲѰˡ
˵Ҫȥʢ߽ˣǰ밲ֵݹһǮӣЦŵү˵֣ūٸЩʲô򣬴͵ȥǮС
˵͹ˡ
ϣ
·ߵĺúõĹͻȻһš
ǿµĺܡ
ͲɵЦˡ
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ʵܾͳˡ
үǲͬģְݣܸܵõȻﻹסźöˡ

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ҪԺöȣ˵˼²ǻ
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ΪѾ뽩֣ƾŪ
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ڽ̷ٷ
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Ҳ棬һԵϣЦܾãҪʱҲǸŮӢۡ
ʲôŮӢۣﵹԸ޸㰢꣬ǵ̡ҲЦ
йⶺϵ˼ڡ
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ңͲûæù
СԴϷҲ֪˵ʲôСƺӡ
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أʡ
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Ľã׽ˡ˵
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˵һ룬ϵЦݲɵˡ
˵±Ǹèĸж󣿡ʡ
ϲСӣҲǳèẹ̀Ǽõġ
ẹ̀ѡĻ϶ʮʮ
ڵ
ֱǲҪ˼⡣
СԼ߼ԲˣԶ֪٣һ룬͸ˡ
ܾԼǰռк͵λãǻθС
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ⲻö֪
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ӣһһ붼پ
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91 
Ͽ, ԼͲӦóڴ˴Ӧóڱ𴦡
ۣʵ۾ΪҲҪ, ûУڻ˵
סҲ׻ȥ
ϿŲˣסཱུСҲף٣һڡ
Ų, Ҫס
ͱ׵϶д֬, ԼСҪ˵ѽ
ⴽ֬
ϾЦһ, ҾͷŹ㡣
͹ԹԵס
ʹ, ȥ, ѾõԼĵĴˣ
ϺͺԭǳӵľӪ, žòҲǺüˡ
ͰԼཱུСĸϻָ
ȻصıոͼطG鷿Ļ壬Ͽһ, ʹźͻԺȥˡ
ͻȥ, Լ̶ֶֶһ, ۾ĲС
˯˵һ͹ԹԵԼ, Сӣ۾˯ˡ
ϾȥжߵĹ˯ˣСһ, С˵ġ
طGæͼ˯ˣʣȥˣ
ϸҴҴӣطGüЦүæˣ
طGһڴ߿ͣǣϵһȥš
̫ӲĺתеľӲ̫ӿǰΣ޶ȵĸ衣
ú͵Ļ˵ǣ̫ӲأһֱʧȥĸоȻ˼׸ζ
һʧȥ֪ϧĸо
仰˵»صڣıոһ͵ôͷ
̫ӵѹ󣬶ıոûʲôӦŰ˱ոطǰ޲ֱȡ֮ʵ̫ˡ
͸óԳԸúȺȣһ¶飬ſʮ꣬꿵ʮһ꣬ʮĹ
ȫʮ˵
˭Ӱá
߶ʵĲ붯Ҫ̯ɹ̫
һæ꣬ͼָʾūʲôüͷͼһӡ
ʲôʡ
ͲɵЦˣ̵ιϹ۾ɹ̫ˡ
۾
˵ڸ幬ͷŪɺͳȻ²ģͲʧֻεƯЩ
Ƚ˰ѲװãͷʻŪġ
ϣУĳСŮĹӣ۾Ĳˡ
˫ָҲŽ˲һ޿ȫ
Ƚȥͷֺˡ
ܸ̫ܵů;ȴûз磬ʻϹʵ̹Ľ
ôôůɻ
;ЦⲣƽģŴ֪𣿻ȸСһ㣬΢۵СŴ󾵿ܵġ
ɹ̫ǿè̡
˼ڰ֣ȥ޵
ͣ
һϷš
û
кöȻҪͻ귨˵ʲôƨ
ġ
;СͣεĿʼԼͯġ밲Ľְֺޣ̫ƽ°
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ˡ
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ЩС˽ռѾӵ˵СŹ̺ס
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ߺҲܳȥһΣÿͦõģֻʱ磬ø˵
ʡ֪ˣ˷ܵס
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˯ʲô˯ˡ
˼ú˳ˣںид
Ȼ
ūү˴˵ʮүˣС̫

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ȥԴطˣͳȥ
ط˿Ӧ£֪ˡ
ȺͻȥͼԺԺණͷЦеǸҵ𣿡
̵㣬Եͷġ
ʮİʵϣԺӵĺöүĶС
̵㣬洫ѹֵĿūŽ˸á
ü
롣˵
϶ˬ߰һˣ򢶼Ǹ߸̧ģп޵ʱ
ϳüۺģ޵ߵĴŮ
ˡ塣
Լһ˵ʱסϹػ˫ͺȦ
ɩѵ¶ִ
͹еϽסϵ֡
һ̾ˡ
ȻҴ㣿ƽӲʹͦã
û򵽡ɫҰܡ
ǰ˵£Ͼ˼൱Ҫǹ˺͵ķ˵رãڰүæͨʱܾˡ
˰˼죬ǰүͷʲôüͷⳳ̧֣ߵĴŮײȥᡣ
ȴ̧֣ɷҪӡ
ܵˣվһΪ˸ôͻȻôס
⡣
Һġ
;һŵѹ
ƽЦеһˣ˵ţƢٺò˭뵽Ȼˡ
ûסˡ
˵Ҹ֮ʣ˵ֻһ֮Ӳǳģ˵ô⹬ͷкü磬ֵˡ
ŭ˵һͨ
պñѰط˺š
ʲô˼ʡ
ϿڵӣѺڹϸǰЦŵүڸϣ£˵
ط뿴˻ϵĺȥЦ˼죬ͿѰ㣬Žȥôɩ
ϿľгǸˣֳܶЦ
Ҳءϵֲſطһľ
֪ôȥ
طЦһǸүˣԭûŻһָү㻹
Ц崺磺ԣˡ
ϱ;úܷŭ
üͷ
˱үȥѰĸ硣ʲôԱˣֵ˻ָˡ
ط䣬ȴãүȥѰĸ磬ͷúõİѸ塣
˵ת뿪
Ϳ̾Ϊֹ
֣ĵƯȡ֣ȶһˡ
ԭʾѧˡ
ֲùϵôҪǲ϶֣Ͼְݡ
ԼһƬ⣬ϡáҲǶģΪ˰Ĳ˵
ȥͷ˯һ˵
֪ӹҲסЦŽȥϴ˯һ˯˵
ʲôǳ嶯侲ġ
Ȼ֪ͷתȥ
Ժ㸣õ㣬Ů̫ˡϵ
ԺȢһҪ檡¡
һͦá
СԴ
طGһظͱطסˣһ棬ͼط¶ݣһƲҵطG鷿ȥ裬һҵϰ죬̧֣;춼ˣѰ㸣˵˵Свֵģ˲ֵĵ
طG
˵ʲôƨ
ôģʡ
طЩ飬ӣܵܵӲù
طGˡ
ҵ˸ˡ
ͲֻúȲˡ
ط˻ŸӴ򲻳һƨľͷͷۡ
뿪
طGüط⽹ͷöüͷӣɲìܳġ˱ո£־Ȼ
̫ԽˣԴݲȵķ֮ǰֱ˱ոƵĲˣѾʼػǲɫƯģÿÿϸϸ˼иɻ
Ҳ벻õİ취
ټϺȨһʱ䳯ֿȵֻصع칬
طGڣĺŲ衣
˵ĶԣӻţһʱϦ
Թԡ
ͱСϻˣСӳر죬һҪһ⣬ѾصĽС
ꡫء
طG͵Сʣչοˣ
ͱСϻܡ
οһˡ
յƫԺȥſССͷ˯𣿡
СŮͻûУյ߽ȥŴССʣƯҪҪϻ
ϣ
˵ʲô
߳ȻһֻཱུСϻͰͷص
׵ģҧ𣿡ʡ
Ͱڻ°͵ҧ˵ġ
Ͼϻè
һͲˡ
Сϻģʡ
Լޣ죬˵ǰʱǳȥ죬ͻˣΪɽ˶Żġ
ٺ٣ϣ󵱿ޡֺǺǵ
ϣ
üģ뷨ܺãʵԲġ
ôһϻţǲˡ
;ͺٺٵЦ£ɹˡ
죬˵˵Сϻ˵˵ͣûһϵƽ
û¡˵
͹ԹԵͷ
סϵ֣һ۵ĿѰޣк·ߣǻʼҸֻвţûк롣
û¡һᡣ
һӶ֪ƫƫɷ֪
˯סˡ
;͹ԹԵͷԼСϻˡ
Ů鳤¡
롣
Сϻˣȵ幬ſڵʱ䣬ƼһС̫࣬Ͷ࿴ۡ
һԸ幬С̫Ͻ˵ع칬С̫ࡣ
;֪̫ӴʱڡСϻ߽ȥͼǰ̫硣
ͣ
̫ӱˣ
ǰ̫Ӳ˵߰Ŀ޳Ҳ￴Щġ
˻ѻСϻ£۵Ŀ϶ɡ
۾ЦԹԣˡ
ְСϻôʲʣ
СԲһ޹Ŀ
źͷཱུСʡ
ȷʵͦʵġ
̫ӻţֱָ֣űϵ̫ʦʾ
öΣ˴βУڵľæ񣬲ںǰТ˲ˣʲôģֻԼġ
طiЦ˵һС
𾪵ĵԲ۾ʵţƶĴʻӺܶࡣ
ͳȻǼġ
طiЦˣûж˵
ǿһԵĺͣһĳ֣󡣡˵žסСС
§ڻý˲ָżĸԣº͵ϸЩ
ʹס
ǵС̫Ӹѧˡ
дΣ
̫ӻ嵭ľ㣬°ͣ˼˵ϻ˻ʶ𡣡
طi˼԰׵ϱϸйǽµָڸ١
ϵţϾͷŹɽ֡
۰Ͱ͵Ŀ٣ܾúܺóԵӡ
طi꣬˳
غ̫Ӷ̫˰ȡ̵Ŀ䣬ڴĿ
طiЦָ§ڻΡ
ദĺãԼæȥˡ
طiԽԽļ̌͵СĴ۾͸峺޴ü鲻ɣ
ѧĶ͸ˡ
룬ѧꡣ
ѧôѧ
ѹڹͷѧˣ
طi
⺢湻츳ֲԼҺϲ
Ըִϻֺۣÿ
˭˭Ժ
𣿡طiЦʡ
͹ԹԵͷڶĸоˣͶ䶼Ĺ¸С
Ǵº͵Ц⣬ܾãЩƽѹŸ̵Ĳӿ
µˡ
ٺ


92 
ĺ
ȿ, ͼǰС, Ű٣ͷЩɫҲĺܸɾ
̫Ӱģʡ
ŵЦеǣ˵ǸЩ
, ˵һˡ
ĳ, ۵ζڿǻŷЦǵ㡣
ǰ˼, ô¡ӦʱѾ, ú͵ķӣ֮Ĺϵȷʵࡣ
޵СǡЦ
Ĵ˸Ƿ, ĵҵĹͣͶ˫򱼸, ű˴ء
ûԷ, ǧֶΣֶҲûáСԴ, û˵ʲôҲûá˹ִԼ뷨ȷġ
ĵģµѩ, ֻڿͷ
ſڴ̨, ͷѩͼ֨ѽһˡ
ʮ壡ǰһ
ͼط̤߽, ѩĺëϣĵƲӹһȦĺÿˡ
;ĥ, һ˶˵¼ΪȫʮһˣҲϲŭɫ
Ƕ
ֻǲ˼
С֣һĵĺѽѽ
ڹհˣƼ˾;ϡĽ޲ȥ˽˻ȥ
ط˵ϵѩĵĲȥ棿
һ꣺ȥˣֱˤ˸ƨɶףҾͻ˵ġ
ˤĿˡ
ڰ˾ʧѡ
۲ۣطԸϽ
;Сͣһίĵͷ۵ѽ
൱ۡ
ƨɵӶˤˡһԹ
طûסЦˡ
˺ˣʮһȥ档ţӦòˤˡ
Щȷ
𣡡ʡ
˵ž˳Ҫȥ棬ط룬ȷʵܣʹȥˡ
ëѩƮ䡣
ЩģͻⰺСԴԼཱུСȥʢѩ
档Ŀڡ
Ȼ
ߵʯ£ط̤ǰߣ֧ĸ߸ߵģһѩ
ؾȡ
ѩˡ
طҲԣϽͣ½Ųһ̧ͷ̲סЦѽ̫˵סˡ
ͱסͷĺߣҪѽ
̫ˡ
һγԼԼˤ˸ƨףڶγʮڼͷ
ط̿ߣһʣȥ棿
ڶ𣿡Ӳˡ
ĺòһڳԵġ
ȥ㰢ȥǵططʡ
͵ͷ
˾һǳһŵǴȥ
ڶĵطھƽոоĹ͵ˣ˲У;ԶĲˡ
ߵ󣬺ﻹã·ط۵նˣһðŰ̡
;ú棬Ӵ˴ſʼ۾ѡĶǿڸõĶ
طͿź˼룬ŵͿʼűȥ㣬пڸˡ
Ȼ
ء
Ȼ֪ʲô
Сϻüͷ
طǰһ䱸ֻ𣿡
Ӧǡ͵
һ䣬ͷСϻͳ˹ֱֱײͣĹ
ס档
ͲɵЦˣСϻСԴѰˣ
ڴʱײײĸС̫࣬һ˾̱ڵأŬӦӣһţСϻ͸壬ūǽųûϡ
Сϻ澫񰡡
Ǵûô۹
Сϻ죬Ųóǵá
СԴץԵģ棬ô׷ˡ
˵Ļط̾磬Щ츳;ãүԼôˡ
ھһ仰ˡ
Ͳǣúõĸ˵˵ЩϸůĻȫ
һֿʼæġ
ͽԽԽ޲õЩ۵ԡ
Сϻ
ط
ֶǵģСүġ
ŪһʳģūѾ֧ùӣ͵ʳˡ
õ⣬ɴ飬ڹﰾĹðݣںѩҰ⣬ð㣬ֱ˲뿪벽
ԭͲżζ͸᲻Ųѡ
СϻҲǻ
ͺͲŶţ̣ûɱĴڣƫƫȴҪմһ
һԵطСſкܶ˰̣ܱյĿռڣĸ
ô£ʡ
һ˵ѫ¶ѡ˵
ϧЦԺҲҪкܶܶ˵ѫ¡
طҡͷû˵ʲô
˵ŸоرڵʱⶼǾһµĺۼƽܶطɽܣʤ
֪Ĺ򣬲ȫȫβĻ
ʮ廤ȫ͵СԴԼԹĿ࣬Ȼúٳԡ
ա
һˮЩ̲ס
ܳһ𣿡ɫζȫžͺóԵĽ
Цеҡͷ򣬸ʢůů
⡣ȣҲӡ
طҲȣǴˣû˼Сϻƨɡ
Сϻ쳬׵Ļвƨɡ
ϻƨɿá
С˿ԡ
һֱźá
ͼһȣʮ塢СϻҲʢһ롣
˵еͬиͬ
Ȼһ¶ǣͱįҪԵʲô
˿С⣬ۼֿİԼЦеʮ壬ǴˣȻٳԡ
طһӦʮԲǡ
Ϊ
㿴룬꣬ӻأСүһھһڣӦʮȳԡ
طдʡ
˵ĺƿԣСһãȻȴԼСԼʮ壬۵Ժʲôöʮˡ
طԭôʵϣʲôҪʱЩ᲻ãá
̵ĳ⣬ȴįĴ̾ҪǺٸСүˮⱲӾͲˣֻϺˡ
СԴûбסⲻǹعǰˣ󵶲ǿ췢ҵģܱס
ˮ
˵
طһ֪Сӵ뷨ɵЦˣʮ˲һ
ͷܵͷ
ǰ˵ðݵĹӣɢеζһ飬̵ĳš
㡣óԵĲˡ
ⲻˡ
ţͷһЦͣ
갢ꡫһ;Цеĳȥﻹ⣬һԡ
С˸ȳĴˣ˲ӵ
طGζ͸𵶵ں͵λϣСԵЩί
һ˫Щ޴š
ԼСֺǺǵ쳢úóѽطGĽӹ˹ĵĳ
ͷԣȳԱˣпġ
۾ʡ
;ͱС˵ڸƵԣȻʮץ㣬⣬ıһ١
ԵСԲԲġ
طGӣεٳЩСϻһԵСԲԲҪƵĴϡ
Сֻ̯̯ŵģرɰ
طGü˺ܶ࣬طһתǰڲ£ͻȻԭˣ˵˵𣿡
Ҳſ
طüģⶼҪȥˣͷֻܻ͡
֮ղ׷˵
Աʣ˵
طG˶٣ļ˵ĻվˣھͦõģšһȽ鷳
ǰ̫ӵ˼ǸԺĸо
ԽԽǵס
ͿֿǸ;Ǻۡ
⡣˵
ԼȴԲˡ
ȻСϻĿֵ˵˵Գԣɵһĳʳʣµ㻹ô࣬ˡ
ͺ棬ǰطĶӣӲӲĲġ
ȥԼĶӡ
طGɫȴĵӣԼĶƽ
ԼĹĵСӣһ̾ȫСǰɡ
طGطͷ
żرء
˻ںӱɢѩĿһƬãذף;ú⾳
彭ɽ˼
ôƯľ£˭̵ס
طһۣЦģҪ
ҡͷ롣
￴ſæʱȿˮ˼ôЩá
Ҳȥӡ
ͿסԼĵطƮЦеҪϵѩµˮУ
طûסһԹϱһٵС
ȼ˻رոط͸ȥطGͺڽֵϣͼıոſһϤӰ
̵ĳǰԼСԴ챧ѽ
ϱСĺ˵ģЦŵͷ䣬ȥɡ
˵طGһۣתߡ
طG̤ϣһѱͣǣ𸣽֣Ŀбӵǰߡ
Ͽɺãʡ
һжãдŹܼңܶ¶⣬Ļ
Сºۣŵķûģ˸ͣҲ
ˡ
طGĵصͷ
ȻԺһң͸ܵ˱ǵů⡣
أҲġ̾
èèƫҪѩܡЦΡֲİѺӾһⶼü
;ͺٺٵЦ
СŽţϻЦеظ˵Ļ
طGЩû۳
ͣ÷ַ˯ˡ̥᷿ڸŸĸ˯
˲۾װ˯ֻҪۣͲ֪õϢ
ַͣطGסĶ䣬ߵ⾫Ưô˵ôֲĻ
¡
롣
ͲɵЦˡ
ͷҹꡣ
ָ㣬ǰкҰʱһ٣ܶɹƽƣɲ
û˵ˡ
Ȼ˶ˣһ׼𣿡
͵ͷ
׼
ʷϺͰزۣһǴ٣ܻû
һ;òýܣüͷô׼
š
ҸҵµԿ
طGͷүȥ롣
һ㶼ֺǺǵģ˵ʲô٣Ǿĺֲܿˡ
ҹ˯ĺܺá
ԼǳǳĴԤ룬ûʲô⣬ȴ֪طGľκˡ
һҹûô˯ź͵ȥķһ飬óĽһġ
˻겻ᡣ
طGȥ幬ʱҲ˵˵žһʲ⡣
֪ӣֲ°ˣ£ôء
طGԥƬ̣üĻ˵˳ھзǩ
ӹһһˡ
ɵɫأز֮񣿡
˵Ǽꣿ
ꡣ
һ࣬ʱ䣬һжü
طGĬɫڳѹԸɢҲΪںϵѧáӤãô峯͢塣

ԭȷʵҪôҲɡ
ҲɢҲƣǻʰ磬ƣɢ̾һ
Ժ͵ɡ˵ڰд٣뵽ǰۼˡЩһ˷ǳԽܡ
ɫҲȻ
طGĬƬ̣Ȧˣ꣬᲻á
ˣѩɰ껭ϿɰһôͻȻ͸˵١
ļ磺סúͿˣǺӴϻۡ㵫¶ǵ˲֪
طGͷ
ȿ幬Ǹֱͦɫ汴ա
ظ󣬺Χ¯ӣ˫Ķš
ʲôطGʡ
һ϶óԼˣͲˡ
طG
ˣȴֻһڿôӣŸϲ
ͣ˵˵Ǹôƣ
طGʡ
ͷư
طG
㵱Ϊǵø˯졣
طG
ͻǵõһеĺͲ֪Ļ졣
ŰԺޣʱʱͶһûʱȥұŮˣȻû˵ܴ󵽶֡
ūҲǿµġ
طG
̣վûסĺཱུСƨɣĥźѹĲ˵
һ޹Ҳûʡ
Ȥء
Ͼʱͦ򶨵ġ
طG˿˫һʱƨɵӡ
귨֪ˡ
ͣ
ʲôجġ
ƽ֮򲻿֮ڿڣס𣿳˰꣬˭Ҳ˵
أ
ү֪ˣȻҲ֪
һ壬˭Ҳס˭
͹ԹԵͷ˰ѿ̿õɫ̿ǣһӣųԡ
ľˡ
ʵ̫óˡ
ûϢӣطG룬ȡϵķ飬һȦһȦȦϣǰڸɮķ飬ϣ㵲֡
ˣӲȫԵġ
ͿԼֱĸһɵΣţôĴҲʡ
ôȦѶӡ
طGüƳһۣʵš
ԼҲЩףͰѷֽϣȥִ
䣬˵̫ͷС̫ϲ˵ү͡
һ΢ЩɵĽȦ
ش͵ʹ
͵ͷǲĽȦ


93 
̴鱻̵, ڲ䣬ͰĽȦӳԣŻͦ˼
͵ͷ, СԴӦûµ, ġ
, طGûС
Ųϵ鴮ᱣ㡣
طGСƯüۣ˫ӳŹ⣬ɰˡǰΨһĵ, ˺, Ǹоһ
ǸϿɺһ㡣
е޷뿪ӡ
طG۾, ȰڣȰѸϸһ, ֤ϰȵģڹͷüͷֱ޳Īĸо
֪ʱ, û̫, ںǰ¶мΪ֪Ҳ÷һ¡
롪
Ҷ֪ˡ
ʱֱ˾˵Сƽ̫үֱТʺµƽۣҷ, ˱ʮټʮıֱһӣ˵Լ˾ǵԺġ
ͣ
ﲻ⡣
ǰĿɵҡͷʧЦĴĹ
طGţȷʵɵҲͷ۵üġ귨ľͳɡû˭
Ҳ˵ʲô
˵ţͼϹˣЦе϶
ͣ
ԼСϸ첲ԹԵϸϵϺҺĥĺǴֲڡ
ĥģʡ
ϵͷҺ˱аأϡ
ͱͷ
Щˡ
طGüǰס֣ЩƯ׶жˣ˺ָܶҲˡ
۲ۡ۵ָⶼĥˡ
ҡͷ˵ûоϾʱ۶ҪΪ͵֣ﻹܹ˼ɵЩϸ֦ĩڡ
ﴵ͹ӣԹԵĸϴ֣һ߲ˡ
֪ô£ֻһжˣŽҲ䣬ǰ˵ʲôǿ
ͻľܡ
סϵ֣ףͺͺļ״һװҲûУȦɵúˡ
˽ϵĻ˵ʲôζ
֪ﰮ
ƶ
ƶ갮һ
͹ԹԵϻ̧СԴ°ͣðﰡ
Ʋһжͦõġͼο
ϳĬƲ
Ʋ
룬°͵Ҳ죬϶ûµġܲè̴ԽΪðʹһ⡣
Сһ̯
á
طGȴأ뵽ԼҺЩʧȥĺӣܺ¸һ
û¡ο
ȻֻһۣͿɱĽ
ã϶ûµġ˫ɨϵЦŵô˵ĸѹء
һȺˣѹסһСӡ
ͷ
ţû취ϣŰͶｹģɵΣǴأ
طGɫӸӡ
ȥ㣬˵һģһֱ˵ز˵ϻ۹ˣۼˡ
طGĶˣԼ֪Լжమ͡
ΩԸ³ѵ䡣
ǰδе˽ʫĺ塣
ںǰʲôֳֻһƽĺţϴ˯
Ⱥ˯ˣϿཱུС˵ģһ洿ֿôõĺӣ˭ܽʧȥ
ſţ̲ס
طG§ڻģû£һүš
һƬ̶뿪ͣٵȥϴϽڴϣźͻұ۾
ΣҲμͻЦŻ˵ټ޵С
Ժ
ܵҪ
Լ棬ȥϴϴڴǰźͣĿɰֺã۵Ŀ
ôн
ޣ޲Ҫˣ˲ϵĳݣź¶΢Цˣȥϴ
˵Żѣ
ԺԼС첲СȣȴžСԴæ𣿡
ǰ˯ѣʧ״̬Ҳ
ھȻ˯ѡ
ԹԵıͶιһЦϲ
ϾЦĺᡣ
ȰͳţҲ̲סۿ
ȥһ幬ͱڻˣ
ǲԣ
ԵĲԣ
ˮȣ
źͲ֡
֪нʱǾòܣôọ̃ôн
Ȼϸһ룬־ͦ
µҲǸ
Ϊǰһ̾ŵСϵĺ֪ıոҲǵǼˡ
͵ʲô¶ûУôСģôŶͱԼСԴ
γȻ˵ףԼͷϣûô׿ھģ֮ǰˣھͶʧ
ź͵ӣЦЦѽǾͰ޵˵
ŬĵԼ飬ˣرĺáƬ̼ͺһ
ʮıͷū
ǰһʮ壡
ʮôˣܲҲһĸ˵ʲôϧ
Ȼ
ط߽һѱཱུͣСˣſѹ밲
˵ŴϣûЩɵüͷôû
ƽƽҴ𱸡
̯֣̫ˡ
ôණĹ
طĬ֪˵ĶԣȴǾòýܣβŻɣоУҲһҪ
źͲ֡
üûæ
طͷ˵ԣǰڱîֽϻû¡
ȥüһʱ仹벻øȥ룬ǳȥ£˸顣
ǳһȦˣ˲ͬںӦҲܷӲͬá
طԥеȥԼĸ顣
Ǹ㲻ѵľͷ
ڱţ𺳷ǳԶתתطǱɵطӪҲͦ˼ķչ
ֵǺԱա
ڰ֣Ѻ޶ĵ
ӡ
ûڻﶼ᲻÷ſ
ط
̽ʣܰѺͱ𣿡
֣
ط֪ˣĹˡ
£ͲɵЦˣСڿףЦСҾҾһջˮ
ط
˵ʲôƨ

˵ʲôƨ
˶һ٣Ȼûá
ͺٺٵЦ̵ò˵ĺϲ귨ѽ
ط۾һΣյıУֲһ䣺ȻҲϲʮ壡
ǣ䡣
ЦûûΡ
һζӣֱҪˣȴ֪޾ͼطۡ
۾ۡ
Ӱ㡣һӵǰ
;СִͣʣĿʼӡ
ү̫үС̫
ɵЦˣ
طi̵߽һֱ֪ӣǵǾú𺳡
ɫ̧ûһ
밲ǧ
æ˰ڵڴôôأϸͼȷʵǺƽӣա
طi΢΢΢ÿ𣿡
ü۵ʹģмֻɵζڡ
һ幬УйصģһǺͣСͯٸطiˣ˷ȥȻü۴Ц⵭Į·ﶼС
ÿ䡣
־ͷۣڵĺĲˡ
˵
طi£ʲôʵش˵֪нЩԽܣʳʣҪúõĲųɡ
ʮźһֵ
ֵ
ţ޷Žȥˡ
طiͷ԰׵ָŲյյ¶̵ָⷺ΢죬һڲˮ˼
һУĪж
һԵĺ͡
һעҪزĺӣһעҪزܵúϲĺӡ
ıطGĵճӡ
⺢ӣǰʱʵ˺Щæлһ
ֻǰѾΪӣһʱ侹Ȼ֪ôлˣֻ޲ܽĵճӣ̫ǡ
طiüͣ͵С
ʹá
źͣһ̫̫ӣ̫Ҳ˳µ¡̫ȫһжá
ȻЦ
˵ᣬҪԼ
Ҫ˵ĺӡ
⵽ײһ
طiЦЦƶ֪꣬Ժ͵͡
ͣ
ֿµĸоˡ
ôЦĺ
ôɫԼҰ껹λ
ˡ
ӺΣʮһĻʵ۾ǰδһѡ
ͲɵЦˡ
ҶţƣͿһôճ
̲סЦЦŵҲ޵̡
ûʲôϵ
طiһźǺ
ա
Ȧ
ǻЩµģ᲻кܶȷӦŲɵЦ
йΣ
˭Թ졣
Цĺϲ£죬𣺡˵̫Ѿϲء
طiǳЦ
죬źͻӣȥ߳幬ֻͷСִʵĺͣһ˼
סЩζ
ˮٻЩ
ͼطiˣ˶귨Կȫ򣿡
շ𣿡
Ӧó˼Щ
ʹ˴֣һڴҡͷշͷˮ𣿡
һ£ɳĮһǣһͷգʵҪͷɱգշˮ
һֱշʥš

ֵֹСٿһ㣬ױɵ
;СͣҡͷҲԡ
è̵ʳ׷Χڡ
һźʳԲԿ¹⣬Ҳҡͷ
ǿȫ
˴һ˵ŻССɱ
б۾㣿
Ц
ɱźڡ
һƶεʱһ̳ܺ

ƨ˵Ҳա
ο˵ôһ䡣
˳⣬ͳԵͣؾ᲻˼̻𰡡
˾ƣ⻰ܵ
͵СԴģȥողס
һᡣ
ѹܸܲռӣҰζ
˿ԡ
룬;ѹסףɬҪúõġ
ܶ
һ뵽ҪҲ;ܣܲˡ
ţúõġС°ͣڸ˵ԼһУ
Ͼ͵İ֣ȻزܾӦԽյİġ
˵־һĻҲ
԰Ӻ͵طG
밲òͻȥˡ طGһϮ͵ȵĲɫҹɫΪһ壬ֻ˫ҹɫԡ
ˣǼˣ׽
ͲɵЦˣҪ귨˯
ʱС
ֻҪĶ࣬һС̾Ե޹ؽҪˡ
طGƳһۡ

˵꣬Ͱݰ֣˵ذ㡣
طGֻ뿪ˡ
˭ɲ
߳С̫룬˵̫ү١
طGͷС̫һع칬ȥյع칬ͷС

С̫˵ıүˡ
ʵЦ⡣
طG߽ȥͼִ̫üʣڸС̻üü۾µС̾͹¡
ܸ̫ү밲طGǧ
طiǰطGϸϸĴβ£ЦŵڹŹһ⣬ǰսϸϸǲá
Ǳɱ̹ϡ
طGһѹ̫үˣżϰˡ
պֹϣǾû͹һڣһ⣬ƽнǲࡣ
𣿡طi˵һ䡣
طG亹˲ˣԺĸоӿͷ
šͷ
̫Ӿµ򢡣
طiЦ˵Բסôﶼϲйѹ
طGļ
ԼŰٵݵеЦŵԹ°ġ
طGӹ٣һһĳţת²̫ӵ⣬ȴһ
ͷ
л˵
طi֪ڵӣҲ⣬ֻЦǰ»ڸ˵⺢Ӵϻ۶ʶ壬źӣҲģ˵ǹµĵճӾͺˣͿԲΪ̫ǿ
̫ǳβЩ
ԵôȤζرŨ
ȻطGЦͿ׵ıǶ̴ٵЦ⣬ʵ㲻úơ
˵ҪΪ̫Ӧһǰ㣬ǺĲ¼֮ľͽϡ
̫үطGҪ˵⻰
͡
䡣
طG˵ʱۣĺͣѾд٣ֺο¡
Щȥǵ㣬ǶǴ
طiȤĴִٵɫЦ䣬Ҳ䡣
طG˻
Ҫϵķ侲˸գںͲϴš
̫ү˵Цˡ


94 
ݳ, ƺҪӣ̫ԳЦЦ֪
طGüͷ, Ŀı, طiӢϴת˲ŵĿɬִǹζЦ⣺¶Ϊ㡣
ǰӺطG, ¼ҹ, ײ, ¶ĵϻλ
ıطG, ٳ, Ӵϻ۹ˣֵܺ, ϲ
ӵһС
طGŷŻ, ˿һϵ̫, ǲ«װʲôҩ
ЦһĪҪ档طiЦü, طGļ糣
طG̵Ŀڣá
ԲӦ䣬̫ӵΪ
̤ع칬룬̫һ⵽ʲô˼ܲΪ, ôǶǵļ仰ܽӶҰɡ
̫Ӳô档
ȵڶգ֪ˡ
̫Ӳ˵̫Ҷ˵, ˶֪ʱųһ꣬˰
ʶܶ˶ı׽˵ӣһЩĴʻںͷϡ
طGɫȥʲôΪԷ͸¶ĵǺֹȷģֻкܶǰˡ
һЩ׽ӰĹǡ
طG˾˵̫үٰ̧ˡ
ڵȿķӦ
ǰԼҲ˵ˣҪͣõʱˡ뿴̫ӾߺͺͰΣһʱ򣬺굱Ρ
Ӧܴ
ܷŭ
ɱһ£̫ӵѾˣȴʼʩ첻ЩͺϦദÿÿмӣ˻ϲ
˭룬Ȼ
ʧ
Ҳʧ䡣
Ϊ̫Ӳһˡ
ү̫үС̫Ĵ
⻰ĵһӦôҡ
ƽƽ
̫ʩʩȻ߽°ɫĽ³ĵʣо֮硣
ɡʣЦˣ
طiһڿǰЦꡣ
˵ţͼյ߽һ˽طi
С;ܡ
Լ
طiסŽͷϵĺӣЦʣͷ
ð̡
;Ц
׽ԲصϷԷܷá
ɵӣɵ÷ǱˣڰǮ
ȿˮطi٣ֿĳȥˡ
һʱֻʣˡ
ĵйڻ̫£ֵķз󲻱ᡣ
һ𣬷ֱֺܴܶر
طiô˵ҲգֻؿβЦŵĵأ
⻰ÿ
ĸᡣ
á
طiӦ£ԭͲҪĲ̫ôӡ
㳤ˡ
һʵʵʵʵ顣
طi˹غŲˮڿӵĿУ˿ţȦùеľ
;û˼Ľ
ͬһԽĸɽǰãʲôࡣߣжʮ꣬ʱʲôġϧûãȺƻֵܾͲס
ֻطiԼ֪ҹУô˼ǰշת಻ߡ
֪꣬ľ֮飿
Цһ䣬ȿ˵ʲôȥ
°ͣҡͷʧЦ
ȺճͰŵĺЪЪ
͹ԹԵȵӸһ߹ԹԵѽ
ڻЩѹµµΪ壬һкʲôϵ
귨ޣҸħЦе
ü
۾
ı۾
;ŴߴߴЦŽżһڣҸ˵ˣһˡ

۾СƨɣЦúúãһˡ
ޡ
שˡ˵
ͣ
ڡ

ʧܣԹԵִʿʼӣҲͶȥ˵żҵ£ͷβһ飬ȻƷС¡
ⶼù˵;
ͷ
ﲻߴģȫġ
֪ÿһҵİԣ䡣
һֱ֪ǳԵżҵĹϣ黹ǱȽϸӵġ
귨ˡСӡ
ôľӣľӵĶ
ԡڰ֡
ŹϽȥʳ
ڻ̫£ʲôʡ
̯֣һûɽ٣ܻܲ£̫أ
Ρ

ôƽ˵Լܻ˵£ѹ
úõĶȹ˵
ڴʱŹǰͷŸɹ⸬۽ȣӦоУһðŰ̡
͵ʱʲôˣ

ˡ
һ̣ܶʲô
ͻȻԼԻ̫ºģŷӦԼǱȽֻͬҲ֪ܡ
̫Ҳǲԡں̫Ӷݵں̫ٴθˮ档
֪ڶţһصޡ
üģȥ롣
ͳԵС͹Ĺģǰ͸֧ǵΪǳ⣬ʲôóģδжʮ꣬ʲôС
ıոϾͱᣬһߵ˵ڽ̷ٷҿڽ̶ٷǡ
δȥ̫ӵӣ¡
һԺȲطGһ̾үûзӣ
طGִɫĲյͷıƣأӣʲôӡ
Ҫò
˿ķ
Ϊ١
а취ġ
̫ʱռϷ磬ֵǱֵˣȷӦ϶ǰһ
ʧܾ˭ʧܡ
ཱུС֣ĸϲᣬһ߹ӴСԴﲻ£Ǹİˡ
Сüͷս˵ĻֻҪ겻⣬Ʋ߾ͲΪš
طGˡ
ԡ
ϣ
үǼˡ
ֻʹһУùˣǶҪˡ
ͱСԴһڻ귨ǰţɶҪɶҳ־ϣ귨֮
ô˵Ȼﶼһ˳ӣȻڿ̫ƵĳȾ޴һ˱Ȳˡ
㹻ˡ
ɵĿƶүԼϵ顣
żҲǵĺ͵Եʡ
Ӷ˶һۿʼϣֻҪúõģⱴոͺúõġ
˵ţͼ߽˰նŸ밲
Ժ˵ҪʮѪŴףѾȥˣǴͷۣǴͷۡ
ʡ
ϾЦͷ
ҪǴۣǮʹԵñոС
͹ԹԵͷһԵĺͣЦ󣬿˿С֣βŹ˸ƽ
Щаŵķӣú壬Ĵˡ
˵˫ַϡ
ͽӹ˿һǺܾĵӣŹɣŻͦÿ
лл㡣л
һôĻŭš
ٺ١ûסЦ¶©
ͶʱȤĴչЦˣ
˻ൽˡҲǰϸҪúõıݡ
ںҪ
δòÿͿˡ
˵Ĵ񶼺ˣǿտյģ򡣡
̲ס
סҪװ׵ݾҪסʱһСô졣
ϿҡͷʧЦ
ءСϻԺİˣͰС°ͷĿʼС
ͳɣ͵ߵߵĹԵĶռס죬˲䲻ˡ
СϻҡЩįüˡ뱧Ҳ֪ѰСè䲻һ
;Ϳ˵С鲽һŲһŲġ
·𣿡ü
ЩȻ
ҡͷûѽ
ϴȣȷʵûʲô쳣ͿĽš
һȥɵɫ䡣
ЬҸ㱸ġüͷ
ɵЩֲﱸġ
ͣ˵᲻ϲġ
ϣ
˵ʲôƨ
Ƭ̺󣬾Ū׵׷ʲôԭร֪йŮСЬϰߣֺô񣬽ҲܰĶһԾʱ˵ĻͲϣūһ˫գͺ˵ոϲ
СЬϾʲô췽ҹ̷Ļ
𣿡ʡ
Թҡͷۡ
ǵնϲͻ̡
ϵʱЩΣһԵطGͼɫڣ֡
üۼ⣬֪ߣϲรģǰҲ
˼ǰϸѹȥǸϵĲร֮λͿճʱ϶ˡ
ˣѹš
һµĲϣٸ˫СЬԼʲôζ
꣬ȷʵܽŵĺʱڣͷЩңüţһ䣬˵ŽС磬䲻пա
ıոĴ񣬽ųʲôʲôֻϲķݣûаĵüۺɷ
Ҫˡ
һܣ¸ĲС
รʡĥЩеûġԼֱӷ
˵žͽйŮˮϴţ˹߳Ь
һ޴룬Ϊˣ˭ִ֪ˣϷŭɫֵ֪ˡ
طG룺һ£
ɫӡ
ˣšСüͷǲ⣺รΪʲôϲ񣿡
СԴ
ϲʱͣȻ޴ף˲ġ
ʶ
ˣѩˣѩˣˡ
Ӿֻأһձһ䣬䵽ƿӣܸ̹ܵǵĺ磬һͷ㴵ۡ
͹һﻹů¯
¶£ѡģһһϵ̫һ̾ο
Ƚ˸幬ϽĻЦŵůů
ȡɤӡ
ŴͼǰŸòŮӣ;ЦŴкƯ
˵꣬١ЦΣƯˡ
˳˵ˣɫݻƣûǰ
Ưա͵Բ۾ҪԼѽ
ˣҪԼ
Сһ
١ЦúúãƯƯ
ǰһ٣еľжˣһֱЩ֧ⲻ
֪⣬ûκηӡ
ҪӰˡ
һ䡣
ΪòڿЩرġ
ϾЩرڡ
ֲ̬Щˣ˵ģʱûŻʲô˼ûͷ
ȸˡ
١ȥӰü۲ֻźཱུСƨɵӣЦĲ
һձһˡ
̫䣬ʵ̫ů̫ˡ
СЦС档
˵ţС̫˵̫

Цݡ
£üġ
̫ǰһŲյͿʼȲ裬Ȼûеģîÿ춼Ҫ
ʱ˵˵뺹
ܵΪ
ûӡ
ʱ򲻽ѩҲ£صȵһյҹתȥ
ͷô䣬ˡȻͿȲ裬һۺȿڲ裬²һ
Ѿˡ
Ѻʹӻﾾӣæĸһطiȴ̵ĺŲ衣

⺢ôѧˡ
ȥ˵ʲôѽûҪ
ǲߡ
ľã̫ȷʵȽҪ뷨
ͿԵľͱȽϲ֪˵Σգ̲ס͵͵ȥͶι
Ҹ£ر۰Ͱ͵Ŀš
طiЦǹ¸һ
ͷͷ
طiĻСְ̫ӣ˵Ҫů֡
ʹҸѴȥûסؼССҳҲҪؼŶͷ
˸ΰơ
źཱུС󲻵һӡ
ǿԣЩģཱུġ
ԵͣЩʱ̫ӣ׹ȷʵһ
ϲ͡
۾ʱˣҪ⡣
طiһ⸬Цеȥӡ
;Сͣ¿ЪЪĥء
Ƴһۣ¿ĥС¿Ъˡ
طi
һŤ
Ѻ굱񣬲˿棬гһգںǰԳ¿
ʲôġ
ôʲô
طiüۼЩѹסȴ̧ʱǳЦǶʲô¿
֪
;Ƭ̣۾˵ܵ𣿡
һ
ЦǸˣĥ
طiʱȥȳ˸幬Ĵţɫ̤ͣȥ
̧͸ߴӰʧڡ
˸ţ֯Ůһ
ݵͨߵԽԽԶˡ
Ϳȴûʲô취Լĸˣ˾߲ȥˡ
˶ִֵģԼԡ
˿̡
뾡Īʹ𴲿ն°ſůڵıѡ
һһСе˯ĥɷ
һæŲ˳ۡ
ˮǧɽ飬˯вУգ۾ͼʹ޹ơ
ҡͷȰĪϧ£Ȱϧȡʱ


95 
ߴԽ, ɽȥźԶˡ
ҶŻĽˡС죬һꡣ
̫ʦ, ˸ů¯ЦеӰ㡣
ͣQAQ
ſ, ִʣС֪ʲôвꣿӦȥ, ִӡ
ƣȥ, 
, ΣҪӡЭˣĥæµĿ, ɫЩ, ˵˼
, ˡ
, ȥ档
Դعһֱڹͷ, һղȥ, ѩ, ȥѩǼƯġ
úúáһ˵۾, 켫, ǳĿԡ
ֻҪȥ棬ȥɽĳˮQ, ῵˵ȥ棬ǿǰŵļã
;ڴĽ, ̲סˡ

šĵͷͷҲ̧ҪĻҲˡ
Ͷʾ
ͷ±
ԹԵſæһգʱ˶۵ĲУʱ֪жࡣ
첻ȥϳ͸˲˯ʮʱ޲ù˸ʱ
ֲö˵
ֱӵ£ϵŵʱ˯ˣֵĿЦãôɰ̣Ȼۻˡ
Ҫڵͷͨ˵ı֪ˡ
ġѹ˯ˡ
طGҲѹ밲Ƕȥ
˶٣Ƿˡ
˵̣ġ
ŷཱུĺͣ˯ŵڻģֱһ̺ӣˡ
Щȥɽ
طGʾףǺ˯
¶ˡ
ڶһͺ״򲻶㾡ܺһ䡣
طGϸҺãȻСӹţ򣬰СϻԼٱ
̿Ʋ۵
˯²ʡ
㵽طҲСӺǺͱʾС¿ۻˣѲ
ɽ
ʵѩɽǸѡ񣬵ǰɽѩɽããر˼
طG
ϰˡ
һۣû˵ͱˡ
ᣬ㡣
ѩɽǺѵģرۣطGֱһཱུСӣЩСϻܵҲأԷһֱźͣý䱸
ү̡
үġ
ѹѵСϻ
ءǵ£طG죬͵ĹȨ
ϧССһ磬طGĶ֡
ϲ裬;ˣ;ǿЩ磬˻طGЦĺߣôѽ
طGбһۣġ
ԡҲһƶ
ⷴӦѺ͸ˡ
Լĺ󱳣û򡣡
ʱСϻʼصĸ״ʲô㰢Żѽʲô㲻ҾͶǶѽ
ϧһأͻͰ§ڻ壬ЦŵǸӴ
СϻźζߺҪԡίСˣԡ
طGԼûԣȺԼСϻԣһֹĸоԼ̻̣Ѿˡ
Цŵȥϴ
ϽֲˣͷЩ㣬һ˸ֳСˣ˼ֻϺ̲ˣҲһ͡
һ۾ˣر㣬һţֺһԵ˶ůڵġ
СͶմˡЦŸ͡
طGȴü
⺢ӣԵСҲ֪
ȺͳԹڶǰҪҪѩķɻ
;ͿӷѰ˼ôѵСԼһ귨Ͱͳˣʲô¡
ȻԵСʳѩȻǼõġ
˵˾䣺ǧѩŲﴬ
طG͸̣ѩ
˵˾Ϳ򷢴ĺ͡
è̱Ļ񣺡£
һҲɻʱͷҡĸ˹һ
ûѧףʡ
˵
طGܣ;ؿǸˣү㡣
ذײۣ¼ѩܵ
ǵ֪ʶǰλбȣǺ޵ֱֿͶÿ졣
һһ䣬˵˵ţҲϾСϻıӣһ㣬ѩƶˡ
˿ʼ˵һЩƧʫʣɫͱΪʵĬĬĸͻȻСӶȲ̿֡
ȷ˽ţ˭Ҳ˭û취ʱ˾֪޷ĸ߶˾֣򲻹ˡ
һȥطGſɫ¶˸װԼ벻ա
뵽һ䣬ϵ
ͷͷ귨
ĺϲ
طGСԴҲ

طGһ˵Ÿһǰľͷ׮һھ졣
СطGҲѽѧطGͷطGͷ
طG
һһѾЦ
طG
ԼϷŪˣΪԼĿ
͵ߵߵǰҲżطGԴ౵Թԡ
طGñ
ҶԻʵΣܲҶԼ̡
Ȼſı飬֪ԼԣͲС
ĸˣһ֮ɫ
Ϥɫ̹ˣֺǺǵͰ⸬𣿡
ͷͷ
Ź⸬è̺ϻһһڵĳţϲĲˡ
ˣ̲ס𴽽ǣ̵Сӣǻϲ
߳񣬿ϵİѩ̧һţ˵࣬ûͦзġ
طG
̫ʦϵطG޷̧ͷͼһУһѩžӭϮ
طGƫƫͷ˳
ȻһҲԭվ͵Ϯүϵ޷졣
һСѩ˳Ĳҹȥ
طGĥĥ
ʾΣյ۾һۣѩӣЦһү㣬ռˡ
˵һס
ƶǿ϶еģȻ벻ǣûк͵ľϲĶ̴
ǰԼҺ꺬ЦüۣĻͷͼСϻצѩĿ
ˡ
ѩűСϻˡ
ѩƿյطGһ㣬ͼѩųطGʱٶ㣬ȥѩҡ
ϾһôںϿ϶ܡ
ͰСԴЦ۾ѽллҵء
ǷСطG˲ͱס
ղŻûӵļˣʱսһţѩҷɡ
˷ܵĸ¸½УСϻĺǿڵڵǸ˷ܵĲˡ
ҲǴǺЦ֧׾طGˣˣս
Լ̣Ҳۡ
ţԶһЦǴɽӰ
°׵缸Ϊһɫ
ɡü
طiԳ⣬Ͻ밲һˮĺͣЦų֣ûѽ
ʡ
͹ԹԵͷ˽ɽô
طiЦͷҹɽ˵뿴ѩճ϶Ưġ
꣬пҲȥϾᵱһɽСһֺջʱĵļԱ
طiһֱѰ塣
źգ˵ʲôǿԼҺĺļҵ̣׵ǵӶָˡ
ʲô
ʲôס
طi͵һЦֱͣЦ꼴ԵҲźһɡ
Цŵͷ
Ȼǻϲġ
طGĸ밲طiζĶƬ̣ɵþúЦ
Դʧߵᣬøж
ǱһС
Цˡ
¿ĵܣ˵֮УһҪ˵ĸоЦطGļĿԴһӹһղһգҪܽطGæǱȻǼõġ
˼طGĲ¡
ֱӽΪҲð·ڣײŲô㡣طiЦŵ
տǲΪϿ
Ŀʼŷıա

طG΢˫ͺɻɫ̫ϵɫɡ
طiЦˣطGļ硣
һоڲС
طG
ɽְˡ
ͣ
ɽ˿
طiֿڴĺ͡
ǺǿˡЦ
ҮһĲˡ
ģҲЦİհԣ⿤ӣӦõġ
¾ǲعдʥּ
طiЦЦҪ񺹰ݡ
ȡ֮ʱ򣬾Ҫúõ˼ܲܶסڿڡ
ףʲôˮܸۡ
ϧˡ
طGƬ̵ľȺٴɫͷ졣
͵ǸһСϻ˵ʲôǿߵСϻˣ߰һ㣬ʲôԡ
һ䡣˫ģطiС̴ž졣
طi
仹ȡֵ

ٱŶס
͵ʱӻͳС۽մմߺĿޣ֪Щô㻹ҡ
ء
գգ۾ŬҪһ̫˿޲
ǿдףҸ£㲻ҴѩҾͿ޵ͣˡ
ǿɡ
طi
طGԷƿߡ
ȡɤӡ
Ҫ˵͵װ͵ϮӣȻͶʻ귨ŴҲüţ
ǳ
طiⳡ棬̲סͷ
һԿ֡
̫Ӻͺ͸ѹ˶Ӵϻء
Ȼ
һСѩžһҵͷϡ

һϮƤ磬һȦͬɫë죬ëѩϸëѩѹ
۾͡
⺢ӲˣȻҶ֡
϶ñȥ
һѩ˽˶Թطi
ž
طi
ǺҵôΪ
˻ս졣
տʼȷķһ˭˭ǵУҲֲˡ
˭򵽾׬
Сҵҡ
ѩ׵ëͺˣһһƵģźܿ
˲ˡŹеСӣˣ
һͣ¡
һһƬǽ塣
ѣطiطGЦ·ϣϸǵ
طiһ޹ͷѧź͵˵ô᷸أ
˲ѿĴЦ
տѾ֧ˣѾȫˡϻм¹⣬˿
ζԶԶƮӣԼˡ
ǶǶСǶǡ
ЦŰο²£Ͼͺˡ
ϻЩ߲ˣպԡȻſȫζֻʲô߲ˣȻ۶Բ¡
طiţ̲סЦСǰźͿɰҲѧѺߣǷˡ
ǺͣǺӡ

֪Ӳôϻֻۣһˡ
ЦǼʵ˽͸
ûһġ
ԽǴϻ۵ĺӣ뷨Խ̵࣬Խࡣ
طG㵭ˡ
طi
˸Ӵ򲻳һƨľͷƨˡ
˼
ȿȫ򿾺ãְºõľƶ
һ߳һߺȾƣе죬;ʹĳ⡣һڶٳԡ
죬;ú˼տʼͦŵģǺƣ̫ӿʼȰԼԺľ֮顣
طGһһڵĺţʵŻ˵
ͳͦ˼ġ
̨˿ţżĽӻͲŻȻףڻµĶƿصķǳС
˵һһ֪
ҲǣվڸϣĿԶһЩСһš
Ϳ˴Ӵս˵·ʮģ㳦˵ڣе̸˵ء
Ľζ
͡ͻȻ
͹ԹԵĿ˵㶼˵ģ
ͣ
Ӧʲô
šʵͷ
á㳦ʡ
򢣺Ƕڱ䰡ѧ΢֣ڴǰûС
Ӿ΢֣ʯͷ㳦ʱ䡣
̯֣ͬ˵˭
ཱུСЦ㿴ĺܼ򵥡
һѪּ򵥡
ֱָġ
⣬ԲΪͷԼѽ
˻ԲСӣĺٳθʵ̫óˣٳԡ
̫˵ҲСЦС󡣡
ͷԼ򵥣ʲô
طGں㹻ɫ£ԸԼ
˳ԱˣźȲ衣
ѩź˼
ͰͷããһƬɵЦˣܰһ𣿡
طGͷ
Ҫ￴ûѩͻ
ͼпϻҶӣһ֧ѩ֦ɵѩʵѾסˣҲﻹܿ
˾;ؿڡ
Ҳĵطʱʱ̵̿ζůڵĵطȻůġ
طG±
ԺͼϤ̧ɫܻ˷ƣٴϸڣΩΩФչֳ
㻭տȴˣʲô棬Ȼ˼пյ
طGѻһԺŵ
̵ջߣﶨȻϲ
ϣ


96 
, ϻʣɢѩӣһ֧ɵҶӡ
ǿţܸоЩ, ˵͸ѩµĽҶӡ
϶Ưˡ
Ǻ͵һƬ⡣
ϲ
üͣǰϻӣϧĸźˡ
żܹ͵, ĥŸԼҲȥһˡ
Ҳ뿴Щõľɫ
͸ͻˣ̵ĳĻ̵㰡˶ûп
ֱӱ̺һ, ͷȥ, ɽʱ, ͻź, ôﲻڡ
϶ú˼
СԴЦеԹ, Ļճˡ
ѾǴˡ
;;СཱུҪճһӡ
᲻ö
ڴȫ壬һ㶼С
֪˵, СԴ, ﱧ
;̲סЦ
ٺ١
СЦرŶ, ܺõֲϱʧȥһС
жĸоĺð
Ϳɾϻ꣬ϲطG̤߽, ֱӽ𣬷һԣǴӣˡ
ͱЩ£Ҷˣôࡣ
ǰСһڻǡ೤Щ⣬ʲô
ߡӱӺ߳С
طG𵶵ߣƳЦأүҲࡣ
ء
;СͣСС귨״˵۸ҡ
򲻹͸״
ߡ
طGЦĺˣ״
ǳŪ񣬺ͲɵЦˣߵߵĴյǰѹ۲˯˯鷿
طG
ȡˡ
ȵ˯ʱ򣬺;Ϊ˸ﻳǿŲ˯ƤӴܣҪǿš
طGü˹ƣϣϵ浽ʱŷſ֡
ͼѾ˯²ʡ
§ԼСűĿ
үĿһȥѩ
طGͷ㷢ѹɡ
³нһŸȥ棬õɡ
¶ЦطGµ򢣬ûסһڡ
Ƚϴ
˻طGסϵ⣬ѹѵ⣺ҧˣ
ϺЦְŲȥǣЦеǰ㡣
Ҳѧ۾˵˵
طĢ򢣬Ҳſһڡ
ŮƤۡ
ôһ£㷺˵ĺ죬ڰ°ϸۡ
طGɫ˹سӣϽСѹ£Цˣ
еĺʹ˿̺ܿоڶůĻ
ȵڶ˯ѣͼͶԾ˯ţСԴŶС˵ڰ껳ֻЦЦű۾
ս뿪㵽ֻаꡣʱǺ֣ǵ˸Żú㡣
಻ס
и˼ĵ㣬Ǿǿ˼㲻ȥ̼һ£ǰŹء
е˵ĩʱҲ롣
ʼˣߵŮ˶֮꣬ͲⷽԴһŮˣԹϵУҪҲôҪ
룬ΪҲġ
طG˯ѣͼ˯̯̯ţཱུСŰ棬ˮġ
ɫ͵ĽСرѣ׻Ǹӡ
ͲûסЦ¶ˡ
ԭװ˯ҪŽ棬Ŀ̲סˡ
¶ڵıԵԺһװԵɵɵﻳ꣬¶ͷͱطGסˡ
ԣ껳Ļǰġ

ҲС
װͬ⣬£طGУСüͷڰ껳Ͳ⣺ϲء
ϲġ
ҲϲĻ
˯
طGСƨɣЦԣúôš
;ѵСѾ棬β˼壿
˯ҲͰˣȶ˯ѣĵĻΪȥ˭֪ǻġ
͡طGСƨɣ˵ܶ໰룬̣񶮵ʲôԣҲǿԵĵġ
û˵תʣȥɽ𣿡
ͷͷ
Ǳȥ
һȥĳëˣʵ̫£죬Ҳɡ
ʲô㡣
͸һ
ͲɵЦˣǻ
طG˵ϣѹ˯ѡ
ҹ࣬˯Ҳ
;͹ԹԵطGµ򢣬ûסĽǽʵؼҲҪС
ɵش󼡣Ϊ˸䰡Ժиֳһ仰ûסЦ
Цʲô
Цãаߣжߣкʱߡ
˸
Сƨ֪ʲôطGС
;죺ԶԶԡ
Сɶ
֪ԻϽЦ
³ϣ춼ССġ
ųˣһӡӣгҧ㡣
ҧĻͦҡ
طGסС֣оеúܣо
ˡ
ү§һЦɵҲЦˡ
ոѹɤӻЩɳơ
ͲɵЦˣֱ꣬Ŵߴߴ״Ҹ£ûѵʱ۸ҡ
Ҫң˿µĺܡ
˼Ȼ۸ҶӣҲ۸Ӻˡ
ͣ
۾˵ûһֿܣֱ۸
ˣ̣᲻ðѹ
ͻתļ졣
ϰ§ڻǳЦСԴԼҪɽ߱طGұ߱źͣůůģ᲻
áõĸһ
Ȼ
ء
һֻСϻڴQQҪȻȴ
ë޵Ĵצš
ءСء
ءɢ
ɾߵš
û취ȥֻ£ٰСϻŽٺһҪǶٻˡ
ͲɵЦˡ
ĴѣţСϻ˵ϣһס
˺Сϻ㲻èҲǹˡ
ͱѹ
͸ֻèһԲԴܿɰѾЩǹ侢ͳˡ
ء´硣
סĴ죬ŬĴ̺һ߲ҪˡҪǳɴϻǸס
꣬ҪСϻŻɽְɡôͨɽܹˡ
ٸЩʳͶι֮࣬ӦǿԵġ
طGãȻԡ
ϾͻǼèԺȦţҲܡ
ֻèš
͵ͷ
ܲġ
Сϻأɰֺѹ׵Ĳȵˣϻ˿Ҫá
Сϻ;ᡣ
ϰʧȥʲôҲȫܽܡ
ɽȥ
ͬŵ˻ˡ
ϴһϮװŸͲ¹ƤѥӢˬر㡣
ͲɵЦƿ䣺úÿµһÿĶ
ôôƯĶѽ
ؿ϶ϵŮ̵İȡ
ϲŶ
һĿ޴ӺðطG̾ΪֹȢȻìܣΪʵ̫˵ˡ
üЦȵϣãǺ¡
ϾãҲá
ٿ䡣˵
СԴЩɸ֣Լѽ
ɷĿ޲ˡ
طG
ΧôˣЩŲڡϵ񣬴ڴ𿪡ˣΪ
Ȼ
֮زز仪
ͳдԵ
͹ƣأ
湻ģһڴ޲дĸ壬ֱø
éŮ񡣡
ŰƵطGֱ뿪ϺС
Сϻѧź͵ӣԴڴϣͷ龰۾
һкܸȤ
ɽ󣬺ֿʼСϻţ˼Σգܵĸʵˡ
޲ֱӳϷȥ
һ²ĸܡ
͡Ͽ͵ǵĺ
ԶԶĻء
عطG
ȷʵϾں˵ɽ˦׷ڡ
ˡ
Ҳ֪ɽ֪ġ
طG֡
ͳЦ
϶Ե˲ЩߣȴԼ׵С֣Ĵϡ
طGס֡
ͷѹҪүȥ𣿡
ѩˡ
Щ⶯ҧҧ꣬Ǿܾˡ
ԼϡܵĻˡ
طGӸµԴߡ
ǣ֣ɽ·ϡ
ѩھѩһƬֻбסĵطƬ̵Ŀհס
Ͽ˱Өѩǵ̸͵ǸϻӣȻ汣ܣѩɢˡ
ÿ
š

ء
갢ꡫ
ء
ͺһСϻһſɿɰġ
͡Ҳź
طGߣķŲû˼ɤӴС
ڸСϻҺʵĵ̣Ҫ޵ıԵСĲܶˣȻ󻹲в
ȥģЩá
ȵɽҵһƬʵĵطûʲôޣӡҰȵȣС͵ĶСϻٺò
СϻŶˡСϻ뿪
ڵСϻתˡ
ءСϻԣһߡ
;ƣ߰ɡ
ءС
ͷҲصˣСϻಽĸš
㲻ϲɭ𣿡Щ¡
ôзŲߵСϻ
յܻȥҰ꣬˵ԼĿա
طGüȻߣͺˡϻСצӺѾˣɭԻȥˡ
͹ԹԵͷ
˵°ֲϻʵ̫Σգû
Сϻ̵ĳ⣬һʣµĶͣǰСצģʾһԡ
ͣ
ˡ
һСϻ
Թԡ⣬룬룬ЦеŶذء
СϻСԴ񿴶ˣֿ
ɽɽ·УѩȻ⾰ʵ
˲÷ˡ
ˡü
طGһ¶
ϣ
ȡ
ͣ
ҲҪ

ſıϣɵЦˣ
̫ᡣطGֱӣɵǰߡ
ͶˣǸĴڡ
СϻΪ
ءóԣˡ
ǰȥܿɽطGǼðϸܵĺȻЩͳĽϸš
ͲɵЦˣСԴҲҲҪ
ȴЩ޴֣ⶼðˡ
ԼطG
̭
;СͣԼСϻͷСС״꣬ǵðЬҧá
ءС
һţԶķͣú˼
ᵱһɽСȥǲǼõġ
пүȥطG
ء۰Ͱ͵Ŀš
طG;ؿĬ
ͻȻúЩ¡
ҪԼȥǱһü
һҭ
ˣˡ
ʹСϻȥһ棬͵͵Ĺ۲Լͼѧѧô̸һܳ󣬻ϲĹˡ
طGüԡ
ͶˣԶȥ˵㣬طGŲǿһԵϣͻˣø㻭ǣ
áЦŵͷ
˻ϲ
ӵԼĻȻҲǼõġ
ׯţطGҴЩ̫ţͺŽȥ裬ٴС
轣Ķѩ裬һϮ£ڷѩ裬ĽͽĵĴ
ѩƯĲ񻰡
طGס
լԺĸǷŶŵȴĸڵĸõƲ۾

˸Цү
ѩغ»
طGʣٵĽһĻ¡
֪ˣҲͲ轣ǽŸࡣ
طG۾
һһЦѾԺʱΪԼҪοģȻĻȴֲҪ
ģˡ
±
Ͽţ;ûϵŮõĲ
⡭ɡ
طG֮һ
Щ̵룬ѲʩǰûԼÿһֱ䣬סڡ
ȡŬѹ´ǵЦ⣬үˡ
˵ĸը̻һȴҪǫ顣
طGͷü᣺ûޣүһӣ
ϣ
ˡ
һֱڿ
ҪƮˡ
ǡ𣿡Լգ۰Ͱ͵ĿطGٿ䡣
طGȴտڲԣֻؿĻ
Ժү档˵
üԹȻȴ˵ˡ
ǲ˵Ŷͼв
˶ǰӵģһڣǸɱûʲô
˭֪
Ц⣬ؿͳƣȺ£
ϴס޳֮ͽ˭


97 
ϸȥ, طGأؿԶ, Ƿ, ӨĹ
ЦЦòҲ޷
յܹಽСϻཱུĻ̸ཱུ, رɰ
ԼС, Ŀ, Ц
һ, ûͷһ
˶Ž
طGƳһۣĺ󲱾һԣ˹, 㲻
Ĵ۾, ԼǱȽ϶ġ
ð, ҲίͰ͵Ŀڡ
һ㶼мΪѡ
ʱ۵ĹǺ, ϽԸʳ, õ⸬ԡ
ͱŸȺõ̶ֵֶĺȡ
Ե𣬻ԼĶǶǸСϻҶǶǻᳪŶ
۵۵ģˡ
СϻѧŤƨɡ
ͣ
סСϻ۾, ŤƨɵСϻ̫ˡ
Լ׵ָ⣬ҪСϻԴе㺦£Լ֡
Сϻ̧Լë޵Ĵצӣϵ֣ڸкһ
èͨ顣˵
ʵڿɰ, ֪˵ޣССһֻžͷǳɰ
ǿɰġ
СԴȥɡ
Сϻߣ
ʱЩζСԴ۰Ͱ͵ҪȲŹɡ
ôһȦ˵ĵطȻСϻ᲻һֱߡ
ϿһԵطG
šء
ôСŹĬҲտţŻ鷳ǹ˼ɺ͵飬ֱӻȥȻˡ
ôţȴ
ܿţȰںʹţѾȲҪˡ
ȴǹԹԵĵطGӼвˡ
طGϼвˣϸͼвˣ룬͸طGвˡ
ĬֻһԵСϻ۰Ͱ͵ĿţצӴϣСԴһڴ
Ҳԡ
;͸˸ԡ
Сϻ󣬾ò̫ϲһ³
ͲɵЦˡ
ߣûˡཱུա
СϻϻôķˣɻĿԼСˣСԴصĽС
ͣ
ûûˣҲûˡ˵
طGСϻιһڡ
ţϾ˵ҪɽҲ湻ˣź͵Сʱˣ˵Ҫɽ
طGʹɽ
δ߼;˯ˣ˵ҪСϻúõĸš
طGƳһۣ֪
⺢顣
ظ󣬾ͼطſںš
Ǹͷһ緢߳ǽ꣬ͦ磬ڸſڡ
ѩͷϼϣĵɫмֱȡ
ĸ硢ɩк͵ʱЦЦ̡
ͣ
ʮĺҪ
ϴ²ɣᡣ
࣬ˬ١ҡͷԵֿ̾ʮ壬һ˼
ľͷǰꣿҲ̫ˡ
طGÿɷ
طЦСЦ㰢ɲЦ
֮ɽ֮һһ۵񡣡
ޣطGü
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˵־Ʈڰ˱ձѹŬһ۰޶ģѧıոӣҪѹԼǰĲ񾢶
֪ͷܲãͦõģĺܿġ
۽üҶκ졣
״̬ãҲοЦߣһȡ
˶еϣһֱ˵ҪȣһֱûִС
§ϵ̽ͷȥϣЦеĿ䣺ƯڸƯ
ݰףü̫ͣÿ
ĺ
Ļŭţһϣʣ̣˵Һ˭Ư
ͣ
ֻṆ̀ΪʲôҪеôֲ⡣
ΪҶµһƯ
ΪȻ˵ƯƯ
;䡣
ӣСƨɣЩźҪء
ϴЦͷɶأŰɡ
ͣ
Ҳض𱨡
ٲˡҶ
ĥ
ϵʱջߣһԵϣüƣ䣬Ѻ̸档
üһҲ䡣
ɱĽ
ݣ


99 
ۡ
ҵļһȥ, Ĵ涷־ǳ֮ơ
ڱϿĵսľͷ, Сȭͷ, һŵĿţҲعζ, ֪һֺµĶ
طGüͷ֡
ʲôñȵġ
ǿһտ, ⱳʵΣյĽرûʲô˾òá
ͰŰ, ʣǶӮ𣿡
Ĳöﲻġ
֪վտȴǺܵģκ©, һˣֻ᲻ġ
طGͷɷ, ľͺá
, Ӯ
ش, úƶԼҶﲻӮ, ôοˣ;صȴ
˭֪
һ, ķɱ
˲žͶ, Ӯˡ
ضðŶĽлط۵, ͷ̺ѽҲûϵ, ڲ
طǿЦЦںˮɩأüͷ
Цѽء
Ҳ֪
ҪȥҡͱСϻͷЦ
ط᣺үһȥŪҵ䲻²ȥ֡
ͷҡĸ˹һֲҸ
ǻ壬ŲҪ壬Ǹܶǳԡ
˵ţͼԶ˹һԹɩԻȻˡ
ҪĶˣ;سԲݿţ׷Լˡ
֮ˡ
ͲɵЦˣ°ͣЩǻ귨͸ҵָˡ
仰˵
ĺϲ

ЦеԴƵĿط룺壬ҶӮŶ

Źϵʱ˵Ư̫˰ȣڶء
ܹˡ
ԵʱЦǰݺݵһںͣЦеţһգҰӮҡ
ͣ
£ҲһǵҪӮ˵
ӮˣһЦŹϣпٱȣͻȻˣ׼
˵Цţ¹ƽ
ǰҲô£˵ĸͰ˸ӮˣͲðѺ͵ʹȨȥɵЦˣú˼
ûǲܺúõı
ڿӣ˾ͷЪЪÿӿдеׯڣͺࡣ
̽ͷͣһǿģֵҰ࣬ϲ
Ŀ֡
ÿ춼治ʿ¶Ѳ·ľ
ϵ˿԰ӣͷϵ㴻ѿըСԣĻϿҪɡ
Ϻϵİ娛
ܹúͿĿҪ
˺üգʵԹԵطGϿ羰꣬˵ȴƨ۵Ļȴƨۣʡ
طG
ƴ󣬿ƨһҪ۾жۡ
ôô
סԼСƨɣתСЦģ᲻ᣬ̸㰴
طGСƨɣʵ㡣
Ϊˣ;İѾʧˣ˶ֻܺڸϣﴦҲͦõġ
ʤﱼ
رǿע̫˲ƣӪΪʡʡ;ǮƲ൱ˡ
ȴãȳ˯ܴů;ÿ֡
СϻЦеĺ
·ˣСϻ첽ǰȣԵĲˡ
СϻǴèôԡͷЦеһ
СϻͰͷѧźͽ̵ء
Сɰˡ
ͲɵЦˣͷɰ
طGߵǰʣ·ϵĿҵˡ
ͣ
ĿģŹʲôѾ˺ܾó棬ҲҪ
طGĿ;֪û˼
˵ʲô˵㡣
Сͻȥ飬룬Ȼǰ꿴еӣǵøҵ
طGϲš
һûٻ˵ȴرĬһһ׶Է˼
;Ǹġ
˵Ҳͦ˼ͷһԵ˸£һ֣һţȴĺг
СԴ˿ܹѽﻳ̵ϵ°ͣЦпڣĺð㡣
кܶܶమû˵
֪ĺܰκ˶
ϽҲ׺ͣһͿôɵĺӣôʲô
á
ľսҺ¡
طĢƳһ۽ĺͣѾˣڶﻳ֣Ȼȥ˯ԼԺӡ
ڣȻǴӸĻ
ôᡣ
װ
ֱϻ˿°ͣѽҡ
ͼģӣСԴҪײܺá
ô˵ţûװȥɵЦˡ
طG

ҲЦԹԣ밤𣿡
è̱ʾԼ밤ᣬֻǡ
طGʾǣֻ
һۣ̲סߣӣͰͷðס
Ĳ񻰡
طGüͷѵѾˣ㽿֪
Ͳ֪
ðɺðɣٳ󣬽ҪסЦ
ô˵طGЩסϵɫ۾Ժ󶼲ˡ
շཱུģɿɰӣǳգգˮģž̲סס
طGסˡ
ͷˡ
ͣ
룬Щ룬ͻȻˣŻȻΪԼʮˡ
ҪҪסͳ
Ѿ̲סطGȴ޶ԣ⣬Ҫϸ
Ͱͷ꣬Ĳ̣ϵζ𣿡
ϻطGǰȫλĸչʾ
ϵ⣬طGɫǺһ޴Ŀһ۶תѽﻳ°ͳ˼ģˣ
ϣ
һཱུСƨϣЦ˵ʲôϸᡣ
ͣ
Ѿˣ˵Ҳ˼
СԴ׾Ͳףһףһ귨ȥˡ
˵꣬վ·ˡ
ߵûӰתΪʲôס
񶼻ˡ
طGΣЩڽˣﰮţкţүúĸӡ
ô˵ϳûͦԣȷʵΪкӣȻĽ
ǰЩ£;۵Ľ
Ҳ̫ܾſء
طG
ˡ
ȥߵЦ֪麰ãɵøӸ귨
ÿ¿
;ЦҪѽ
ֿʼˡ
£ѧǰӸǣЦŵȥ
Ͷˣæ
СϻһʱЩãҿʵڲ֪ȥģԼ
Сϻ׷ź׷Сϻ
ֻС̽Զˡ
طGæ꣬ױܾһʱЩﲻԼޱӡ
ȥ󰢸ˡ
üû㣿
һãȻ
·;вʱкܶࡣ
Ͻȥȵ˾͸Ͻ˵ӺͰġ
üͰ磿
һˣûڴ˴
Ѿʱˣıү˵ǸûˡЩȴ˵
ǺͰڣȻЦеĸкЦĿˡ
Ͱʱߵġʡ
һԵŹϽش˵˾ˣûж
ɫһ䣺ūŸϽȥңȸˡ
üѰޡ
ôˣӦ޷
ǲһһ񷽲ţΪͻȥģΪԼ
˹Ӧ£Ͻҡ
һϾ̲סͷĿѣܽүūŴǱȻǳ˴¡
̡
һЩطGĻǺͲˣ
⼸֣˵ܵһͿûа취ܡ
طG򣬴߽һߡ
͡ü
Ͻʢȥʣأ˵ǺͰûȥүǣʱͻˡ
ڸѰңĿǰûټ
ҪǣѾȥʱ߶ôѾ߳Զľˡ
طGҲסɫ
ͻȻЩڣʲôʲôϸȸʲôҪ
;ܵ
ϸЩվסĴǻҰ¡
˸ϽȥǰͷͷѰңֻ˼ʱЩ
룬Щģֱȥ˵Ҫȥҡ
ȥɡ
طGŲȥǰ˸ĸ
Ϻһ𣬵Ҳ֪ʵǼ£ǸϣҪտ
Ȼʵܡ
¡
رĺ¡
һЩܲõַԺݡ
طGһ·ʹҶûһʱɫЩأһûпûпҲ
һһϻô۵ĴڣȻûע⣬ҲʵεĽ
ڣһߴĺ͡
Ӧ
ֻдݵص
طG½꣬һ·ӱ޵Ѱȴʼղ͵Ӱ
ŴһֿΣΧѰңȴǲӰҲŻ
ͣ
ǰһԷϾ͹ſЦݣߵߵ̵ܹĸ갢Ҫױٸ߸ߡ
ղ
طGܲζˡ
ڽûôС᲻ѹ͵͵ޣȻŷġ
롣
طGҵĺ
һһʧټһҲѰ
˻ȥţһͷɽ
ͣ
Ӧ
ҹɫĺطGз꼫ˣĺõġ
Ҳ
ŵȥ˵ûҵϣ׼õҲȥҡ
ȴֲԤУƽעĿ̣ͻȻž˿
ӡ
ĸͷʱӿһԵķŭˣȴֻǻӻ֣ˣ̫Ӧá
ȥңߣҲҪѺͰһ
˵
˸ϽӦ¡
תݣҪǰȴȵһ˫СС¹ƤѥӣǺ͹߳˫
һʱӽźֱǡ
ؿЬӣЬӲְڵģ˶ķš
ǵ÷ûˡ
ſţ
ء
֮ǰúõģȴͻȻҪ棬ĸʲôһ
ε֪ʲôѲû͸Ϣ
Խ룬Խѹ
ͻȻ˵ʲôȻطGȷ¡
Щ飬ϸ룬ʱһһúѰϸʱȴͷƤ顣
ѹˡ
Щˣȥ
üȸıջϡ
طGʱѰңǿ𣬾ûоܡ
ҹѾˣֱ룬ССḷ́ССϻ̣Сֻôȹҹġ
Ҳˡ
Ū̡
ϸӯӯܵúԽܡ
Ŀı֪ܲܳһڷܲܺһˮǲǲıСϻȡů
롣
Ͽ޵۾ˣԭܹúõİοϣû룬޵ıס
ҪϷο˵ͼ࣬϶ûġͳʲô£ô졣
һһֵѰң˶֪ͲˣҹɫططסˣӧҪȥѰҡ
С̣ǵͷӦ£Щһ·Сġ
˹Ӧ£Ŵ뿪
ȻߵȴıүڲҲˣıүҲҲˡ
طɫ䣬һԵط飬ѹıոļƲ߰ɣ
طɫأúпܡ
ˡ˶֣Ҫúõˡ
ҹɫڡ
ˣһͿ
磬żϾߵʱ磬ϴǵǶˣҪ
طGﻹ
ݡ
ҲһʱģǵҪʲôϸ;ҲһʱȥѰꡣ
ɤЩƣȴǼֺˡ
ͣ
ػصңŻѵĺۼҵ˱˴ˣȴԾҲ͡
ĸ磡
ططǰһϽչҵû
ȻطGǱ㲵ɫ֪Ȼûҵ
û£ҡط鰲ο뵱´ѩͲ룬ܷɽԽ·ȥ
ǴգǳԵġ
طGɫأգ︴գ˵ǳԵģҲǼޡ
·εֵùЩһޡ
ط˵˵ţԼ˵ȥˡ
ҡ˵
ҵܱҵҪǿܶࡣ
һصĵͷ
ַͷȥҡ
ط룬ĸ磬ȳŶңһӳŲסָΡ
طGźڶӣʵЩԲ¡
˺ˣҰɣүǶˣԼͻȥˡ
طҪȰͱطˣҰɣҵɽ亣ζԵ¡
طGļ٣ʵڲ֪ôС̣ҪôΣķĴջȥ
ܡ
ط֪ݸһСƣȵůůӡ
ֿ˫طGɵýӹ£Ҳ鲻ãֱɽȥ


100 
˲ҵ顣
ҹѰ, ˾þòҲͲסǲڰһȥѰ
ҲͲסһװ, ǰӧ͹߳ľ¹Ӣʧ, ϱ̣Ѱ޷ү׼
һĳĬ
ȻǴ, ȻܿһӰУϸǰ, ϱԸɩһѰҺ͡
һԵĳĬ
Ҫʱ򣬾𣺡׼ϰˣ㻤ǡ
˵, ֱϡ
ȵļ⸾涼ȥѰһ˵Ҳ˯, ȻŵСѥ, ǲԼ˯ˡ
ϾԼ߾ߡ
һȦݸտҲûˣЩʧ䣬ȴҲ֪, ֳˡ
ٻٿСѥӣ˭֪ȦҲûҵһʱЩ¡
ŹϺ͵Сѥˣʡ
ŹǰʣʲôСѥӣ
ȥʡ
ȻŲһȦСѥӳ˴ӿ֮⣬˵֪
ɫ䡣
˶Ьһֺܿ־ĸоµʱ򣬲˵ģһɫ廨Ь㹻˸棬Ӻ󱳸ļƤ
棿ʡ
ôʣҲף϶ģΪ˻Ϊһ˫СѥӶ۾֮ûҪ
ֻĸоһصװɫѣŵЩˣҹɫĬĬˡ
ͻȻǰ͵飬˵Ҫ׿󲿶ӣԼĵȥæ
˭֪ȻҲﵽˡ
һ֪̾ģ統ֱȥ
Ҳȫû뵽¡
ҹУ㾲ֻ죬
طGˡ
ʲôֻԼԴ˻Ƶĺ͵Ѿûʲôÿһ䶼źʹ
͡
òá
һΣү϶úõ㱧㣬پܾ㣬¶ʧ
ˡ
ɰ̡
͡
ҹˣͷЩ£ЩۣȻȴ˯ţ۾ǺͶʹӡ
ǰиСӣֻֻеСϻ
طGԭЪһЪЩ
Щˡ
̣ܾЩ
ϵΣգͺ޷֮
طGײײǰߣճʱ緢ǰƽѾ֦ƣȾǱ
͡
ûзͣغš
һ̴ٵС
طGȻ첽ǰԶĺڰѹ͵Щͣ
ǰһƬƽ
һԼǲˡ
ͣٴδ
Ϣ
߲֪ʱǰףǰɵһƬ
Ҫˡ
ֺ񻹺ڵ
طGŷŴķǰţϣֵһ
̫ΣЩš
ײײǰߡ
ǰ
һССӰţһֻСϻĿΧ
طGȦˡ
֣ԼҼˣŲ
СϻͻȻãġ
С
һƬ
ȻһϽѺ§ڻСϻվûһ
ͣС
ģ
˲طGŵĹǺϽǿɽȥ˾ŵĻɽ˸ϵǡ
ͣȸϵطGﱧźͣ˿̲ס᣺ˣ
طG˻ƣ
ˡ
ߵֶЩЩס
һƬԼҹԼıŻô̡Ȼףյĺˡ
ȥҽ˵
£ý˲Ⱥҽҽ
˵ҵˣҽǰͷգһ٣Ͻǰ
һס͵˲ɫ䡣
죬ҩ
Сòɻȣյ˶Ϳˡ
¶ȸߵ
˻ѴսСؼϣûˣȻб˺ҧĺۼ
ŻѵĹ⣬ܿСϻҲѪȴչ˵ĺܺá
Ҳˡ˵
СֻСطGźͣϱСϻ
ٽ˻ȥ˵Ѿҵˡ
ȻƬ̹򣬾С̫ະȺ˴һ𣬿طGǱﱧͬǱĺͣɵۿһ죺°ɣ
طGҡͷֵͷ
ϼ߬С֣˭֪һֱ߬ŵС־ɿˡ
һֻССģװ׵ĺġ
ſķˡ
ӣһףˢˣŵǰҸ˵ϲš
֪˵ˡ
Ĳ룬ΪҪ׽Щöѹ
յ²ֻ֪кСϻϵˣʾŵжྪգϧСϻ˵ͻԲѣ˲֪׷ʲô
˼ȥźӣɵý˯š
⺢ȻıոҵģǰĺӲʲôЩҲܵ
Ǻտţ͸ǰһ̶ˡ
طGͷűźͻص
ɫѾ̫߸ߵĹϡ
һҹûۣҲ˯ס͵С֣Ѱɡ
е㿸סˡ
طG֪ĺܰˡ
ҲܵǸС룬˳ôסûӵСǺģûˡ
;š
һҹû˯ͣĸ壬ҽһơ
컹ûͷС̫ѯ˵үЩģùô¡
ڷȣ廹áطG
ڣðܸߣϻ۵ѡ
С̫һˣⲢûкܺãıүȶ˵Ҳûж񻯡
Ͻȥ˵һ󣬿˯¡
طGա
ϻȥ˯Ҳϣ˵ҪĿҪȻﲻ˯š
طGʱˣҲһ顣
˾źͣలο
ûµģж¡طGѹοɤƵĲ񻰡
Ͼ͵ġ
ȥϴɣ϶ˣͿ϶ãˣƯƯģ϶ϲطGѹ
Ưˡ˵
˲ˣĨһᣬã֪ˡ
ԼȥϴԼľƯϺϲѣڴͷź͵֣㿴ƯƯ
ϵˣ˯ˡ
С͹ԣƤ̲סᡣ
үҲȥϴϴ˵
ϲӡ˵
طGصͷڴƵСȥϴ
棬ͷ
µķװںʹͷͣѰɡ
գҲܲס
ҽ˵ǻѣҲӳɵô鶯ĺӣȷʵյĶ˻ǣöϧ
úͽġ
һ˲䣬
Ͳס̽ϿӣһЩվסŵغأ
ʲôƨûš
ɿڴϣյ²֪һĺʲ죬Ϊ˲
ÿЩš
ѹʡ
ųĬķ޶ˣ˶ʱ֪ˣһĸо˵ۼˣĺܴϻۣʲô˲̹£ϧ
죬һʱ䲻֪ðοʲôܾ˵ʲôࡣ
Ƿ׸طG˵˼ףĻ˵϶õģ˺ĹԼŸȥ
طGشĺ棬˵û£Ϳ϶õģȻ߰ˣͷһβ̧ͷ˵
¿
Ҳǡ
һֱǶ͵Ц⣬ǸůС̫
Ȼڣ߽ɫŸطGһ
һչȥ
Ҳ̲ס󲿶ڴ˴С£ͻѣĿסˡ
ǵĺҩԴԴϵ˴ͣȴûʲôá
ͻԲѡ
ͷźС˵ģǲ˵˯ˡ
Сر׺졣
΢΢Ĵ̡
ϲ˯ѵʱ򣬹
ҽô˵ڴϣʡ
طGأ˵ҽ˵ˣ¾ǸȲˣûоʣ˷Щ
͵СްߣԿš
طGͨһǰ
ĸΡ
ûа취ڿĵط
ͷһ۳˯ĺͣڴߵѰɣٲѣСϻ㡭֣Ҳ˵ڡ
ˣ̧ͷĿƣķ˻ϱ
Ĭת뿪ˡ
طGȦͮͮģҪﲻסɵû¡
Ȼµġ
ϵͷԣ϶û¡˵ţȴûʲôףˡ
ǿˡ
ٲѵĻ
Ӧ¡ҽҲ˵ʲô£Ǿܶ࣬ͷһ޴롣ֻ˵Ҫ㵽
û˸óʵ˵ʰ˵ǲҪˡ
졣
һһ˸պ󽡿ļޣܻɵͻ˾᲻ѡ
ǡ
ᡪ
Ц
Ȼ۾۽üҴŵЦ⣬Ҳһ
Ϳܻúõģһǡ档
ǰǿŵļǿڿͻԲѵʱ򣬾߽⡣
ͣѡź
Ҳס޵Ĳѡ
طGҲ£ھǺܺڣԼʱӦþܾ
źرࡣ
ͿѣԺ󲻾ܾˡʣʧ
桭ģһ΢ɲ
յӦ͡

طGȴϲס͵֣ѹͺͣ
šСٵ
ϴҪʵôµʱȴûʲô
ͷӦˡطGҵý˲ᣬ͸Ͻҽ
ҽˣһ˲ЦˣЩٺӦţΣյʱѾȥˡ
طGͷ㲱˵ϣѹô㣬ܽѹ
죬ȥʰƯƯģúһ۾ܿ˵
ᣬܵʰʱ򣬺ֱˣطG˵û£Ȼڴ˴ױ
ŷȥ
طGźͣĴǣĪͣѡ
ܾ˯Уӡ
һͻ
ĵͿѣǶǼٵġ
ٵĶ˵ڣطG;ãԼһӵĽ鶼ʹˣˡ
ꡣ
һ˲䣬طĢͷ񼫶Ƚ³ֵĻþ
Ȼ
ꡣ
طG顣
͵ˡ
꣬˸Ρ
Ρ
аꡣ
á
˵꣬۵˵յ̫۾ͨͨһƬģģ
ȻûͨһƬطG
úúã˾ͺãа꣬Ҳаꡣ
طGο
Ͻˮһڣ죬ȵɡ
ڣŬЦЦۡ
ûû£˯طG
ѣ͸ˡ
͹ԹԵĵͷŬ۾һȦΧûԼȴԹԵû˵
ԣ˯ɡطGο
ʱϼҴҵĸϹطG˵ˣ̲סᡣ
˾ͺá
ֻҪ˻ˣǾһжá
ûסЦˣҸ˵Ҫˣȥϴ
ȻطGˣūŴˮ͵Ÿ磬ϴ
ϣ
һ۶ټ
۰Ͱ͵ĶţܸϽѹһۡ
Ȼһֱûѡ
ˣϵ
طGϽ밲£˯ˣҽѹ˵˾ͺá
Ҳ˿ʵǺ£ڴϣһԵĺͣۼˡ
ô࣬ȵʱĸ˵ʼĥʲôͻͷŹ˵иСܳԵĲƷӳ
˻Ҫѣ;úΣҪۿ˯ѵӡ
ǰֱӱߣȻŵıոĺӣе㲻סǿаסˡ
ʵЩ̲ס
˻Ҫߣһ˫С־ס
ȻͷͼСЦ
귨
ܿĿ͡
˵˾䣬СԴһᣬ˯ˡ
ﰲˣʵ˵յʱѾϣˣ̫Ϥˡ
һй˿˵СûסΪ˲֪ᡣ
޶ˣҲľˡ
֪Ǹծĺӣֹ˾ԼˡֵϣʵЩԽܡ
죬ū˵
ü
ѵã֪
طǹ밲Ц˾ͺá
ڶûиЦģЦˣɫӺڳ㾹ͬġ
طһʱЩ¡
Ҫ⣬ȻȴԸڰʾȥ
ط
˼ܻܲŸ
Ȼ
һһ⣬ҴĶҲࡣ
⵽ˡ
Ҫǣˡ
Щãѹһĺȷʵο
۾˵仰ԷȻ̵б
ֻطG
طGֵȣȴɵͲסֱӰڻѹĲаױٸ߸ˣ
ٺ١˲䱧סЦеΪŰ϶̲סᱧҡ
ȻЩ̫ܶս裬ġ
طGСЦǲǣ
;ͺٺٵЦ
ЩˣطGͱȥͷ۵ľɫ̾ϲ㣬㲻˽ȥңһˣͣԭص㲡á
ǰ˲ˣǾͽ͵Żй˵ͣôá
ϲ֮飬βס
Ҳ֪Ц̣귨ϲңҲϲ귨ٺٺ١
˵ţ¸ֵݣЦˣƤˡ
һҲƤ
ְֻ̫ˡ
ϽǰסЦĺϲ£죺úúã޵ĺͲŲƤ㰢Ƥ
طG
ƨ¡
Ȼȴô࣬ϺͺطGˡ
ˡֱתȥ
ͲɵЦˣſڳϸһңһ᣺겻Ҫޱѽ
طGһ¡
ܾ̲ˣԵøˡ
ŭ
;Цü䣬ķǡ

û͸Ѿˡ
ʵǶָо
ͿϤ˲ľСڿһڣӴ
ٺٺ١
Ц̫ɵ̲סͷЦеȥϸ㰢㡣
;¶һ㲻Цеġ
Ѿ͸ˡ
϶ˡ
ƶɵþú棬ǳЦŵúúãˡ
ʵʲô
ͱӣЩЩڴţ˶ɵˡ
ҵ˵
бģ
ͻȻôɣʲôɡ
ͲɵЦˣǰ˵ʲôžܣһ֮ԱǣŶˬϾ̫ˣԼţס
ģˡ

к֢ģ⺢Ӷɵˡ
֪겻ձʲôо𣿡һԹ

զȥϵˣһһ갡
ͷͷ¶NɪС񣺡Ҹ˵Сɣ
Ĵƴĺ

ֱӸһǮЦ޵Ҫæʲô
õ۵ʱ⣬òһˣҪ׾٣ȻƬ̺;ˡ
׳־
һԵģһˮӲ̫Ȥ
֪ôҲûǿֱӵû
˵ţ͵귨ҪҪȥ棿
۰Ͱ͵Ŀſ
˲͵Сߣ޴ȥ档
Ͷʱ
ȻӣյģˣȻͣ˵
һʱˣŵɣȻ١
ͷż
ſڳϣͷ羰ߵĲԶϾ˺üա
ʱˣͣµʱ򣬿űź³ЦŵԹԣ·𣿡
һ䣬ա
Ͼ⺢ѵŴһΣǵúţϾطGڲԶ۰Ͱ͵ĵ뱧
κͲˣطGıɽεĲࡣ
ʵҲ֮ϲ
ǰıүཾͺӣڶǳ̬
һʡ¡
Ļ࣬Ҳԡ
ʱģ
̾һʵҲͦõģǵĻʵۣ²һУ̸Цֻҷһϲŭ޳ĺӡ
ѵˡ
ڿͣ뵱طGЩ΢Ĺⲻȥ
ġ֡
طGɻ߹Ŀš
Щ꣬ˡ˵
طG
զˣҪ˲ɡ
ꡣлֱ˵Ĩǡ
ͲɵЦˡ
갢ꡫ
С첲ð걧
޿ֵСطG΢Щɻ󣬺ǲġ
ǴıͣһԵĿʣҪʲô
һ䱧Ǹںͷ˵
¡˵Ҳ˵ˡ
ſطGֻëȻµĽ
̣ʲô׳⣬һж͵ĽúͳԵóԵġ
̯֣⣬񡣡
ֻ
ʣʾר顣
ˣҲЩôãĻһ㶼塣
ԸȥЦŵ˶£Ծ㹻
˵ŴطGѺ͸Ц޵ġ
طG
̶ô󣬻ˡ
ǲŲġ
ʱǺ棬žϡ
ͰͷҪ̡
š
ͽȣһ˵ʳҲˣϾ⣬ڹһҪʮ
ͺӵ̣۵۵졣
ƿӲƿӻεͣԼСӡ
˶ãβˣʲӽҲǹȥˡ
ôΪطGôΪ
ȴ֪ǡ
Ϊǵʲô룬ʲôĳǵá
һЩͬ
ǰô£ҲΪ裬ƽɫԭ
óˣͶࡣ
ճӵĺô̫ˣرǶӵ¡֪һλдӣҲһáҺլŮûʲô谮ȨӦñǰҪࡣ
ûУҲǺȷ
š
һԣ˲ʲôˣߵߵĳЦеʲô⣿
žԵСš
ϸһǡ
غ㡣޲ڡ
ٳЩ˵
ͱʾʲôԽڳ˿ڣԽҪúõĳԶ
˿ڳá
˿Ҫ߸ߣȻҪⰡ˵
һۡ
һԵطGûô磬ڿſ飬һעŸˡ
̵ĳ˸Բ
ԶõĺܣʲôʳһԵСһһģ

Щԡ˳ԵĺãȻ˳ԵĲá
طG

ڣһֱڸвˡ
Լ԰ɡ˵
ͳԱ̧ͷЦе꣬Ҫٸ߸ߡ
ͼطGѺ͸ȻٱСӡ

ôʮТðˡ
Ц̣ڲ·Եͦģûôãÿγ꣬ҪСӡ
ţЦʣ˵գȥˣ
ͳ
һʱҲ֪
ͰͷŲԶСϪ۰Ͱ͵ȥ׽𣿡
ҲһСϪ˿Щԥо̫ӡ
õͺ˵
ϣܴסĸĸ
̵ĵͷ
˾СϪȥŵ㡣
ôϲ˵Ļʡ
ֱһλϿ룬ͷʲô任ɣֵܽ¡
һ緢
Цˣ˵ĺҲԡ
׽Ҳ̫棬˰Ưģ˲⡣
湻ˣʱ򣬲ŷΪʲô㡣
Ϊܶ㡣
ȡ
Ͷˡ
ǲм׬ֱۣһλ
ͲɵЦˡ
̣档ʲôˡ
ü㻹
;ͺٺЦԵģչңʵˡ

æʲô
мûʲô¡
һߣŷӦϽҲѽܳԼʣ¶ġ
ɫЩ
Ҳϲ⼸㣬Ҫϲ
˭֪
ѽƯء
ˣ⻹ҪϷ֣ġ
⻹ʣ١
ְ
;ԷС
ðɺðɣ׽ȫԡ˽ϣȱԣԵᡣ
ٵĵط㵱ȻҪˡ
Ͼô࣬ȢˣŷԼﲻס
ͰͰ͵İȥϸжĺϲ£죬Ц⺢ӣʲô
;Ц棬һͰƯȥ
һζȥƯԸⱳţﻹ֪Զٹ䣬
Ͼ˵
ִʱ򣬻Ů˶ҥٵڸϿ̵峯
ֻء
ͿŶ۾ҲЦˣֺǺǵԵѽﶼˡ
ԭȻԷ飬ⲡһݵЩζڣž۵ĲС
úúãԵ㡣ϸϽЦŵ
ͷЦһᡣ
͸ˣ˰һͰȥ
űߣЦЦ޵أ
ֱӸˡ
һ޹ѽ´ٵСС㣬ʵûʲôͷ

Ƕָ¹Ϊġ
ҲûϲĽ
治˵
ˣſ౵ڣЦе귨ðѽ
һۣ㻹˭
;ָͷʼԼָͷ۰Ͱ͵ĿſҪָͷ
˵ŵڼб
Ⱞе࣬ʵЩĻ¡
Щ飺ڻʵǵһ


101 
ûסЦ
Цһ, Լ
񲻹һʵ۰ˣԼԼȣȻԼӮ, ˵ڻʵŵһ
ʶУŵڼ׷׵ʡ
;СֺͣǺǵĿ֪ЩԶûд, ǳˣôǵҪһûд𰸵Ĵ𰸡
һˡ
ˡ
Ȼˮ˫, Щ᲻ֱһ̾߻ˡ
Ц۾ڿ, Ĳ귨Һϲðѽ
˲䱻ˣĵĲˡ
ðɺðɣǿҲ֡˵
͹, СԴЦֻ𣿡
Ҫͷ, ͼգգ۾, ֺǺǵ, ܲܶһ㡣
á˵
˵Ц, һ壬;Цſ, 㲻֪ЩҶ㡣

Ͳնѣ˵һ
Щꡣ
ѽ
ֱ׳
ر棬Ĺ˺ܾúܾá
СԴ, ûзЦе˼꣬ѾʮˣСӿʹˡ
ḩ̂߰ͷ
ʹסǶǹģôĥ¡
ʲôΣʲôꣿСԴҡĸ˹һҲǸ55µıˡ
СŶ˵
ҲŴסΪʾԼСȻ˵Ļ
ʵ벻
С϶۰ɡ۾Ц
ͣQAQ
򲻹򲻹
˻ֿʼǰУ;Сͣʲôʱϴ
½Ѿˣĺ뻻ζȥһ±Ĵ
գ͵ˡ
һ·ʵҲͦ˼Ǻһֱţһֱ󣬲úõȥ棬žúû˼
Ȼس̵ʱȺˣٺú档ο
ͲɵڴЦеõΡ
ܺñˡ
˱һԵϣͷƣݺζ

ҪõĶٴӵУĸоʵ̫ˡ
ǰûаȫУξʵǿļˡ
˶
ЩһֱûаȫеĶͻȻͱĺаȫУȷĶξУ궼еĴ𰸡
ԴˣûʲôԽˡ
ʷϺ͵ĴãҲáȻΪڵĺͲǰĺͣڵطGҲǰطG
ڱ䣬ڱ䣬ôܲ䡣
طGһֱĴ
Ȼио
ľ¼ɡ
ңúõİꡣ
ֲãȡµµΪʲôû
ţվųԯϣĶź溰갢Ұ㣡þò룡
˫ִ״СȥԶ
˶ˣ̽ͷ
طGЩˣϿ
˭֪
갢˵Ұ𣿰갢㰮ѽ
طGδԼ֣Ȼ˿̣ãּˡ
Щڼ˵˼ڡ
ýҲЩˡ
ȻطGӦЩҪһֱȥ˼ڡ
ѹء
Ȼ͵ԶЩִʣ갢㵽װңм֣
طGᡣ
ôһ˲䣬ȻЩطG
ʮ֣طGŭͺ
ȺͲˣȻҪһ٣ݺݵİСƨɸף֪ж
Ҳ㡫ԹԵĹʹ
طG
ʲô
ͺ꣬ʱĿ֪˶ãúõĸԼ˵仰ȴһֱûа취˵жˡ
ֿʼã̱ϣͷķ羰
ϵ˿ʼʱ򣬺ѾͲסҪȥ棬ߵߵҪԼ·ȴֹˡ
ǵҪ˵ϾҪϴˣʱʲô㣬ǵǡ
;Ȼڻ귨ĺȥһѲֲźָЩź
´ѲһҪĺúõģԼôͰ͵ʲô治ˡ
ʵ̫ˡ
˴տʼúʡϾƵˮˮ񣬻ܿ˺㡣
Ȼ
չ󣬺ֱӲˡ
ɱ½Ķˣ۾ڻΣ۾ڻΣĵһֱ˯
˯ıյķ䣬˯գǵĿĵء
ؽ̤ʵصĸоĺˬ
̽Žż⣬˲ȽµأжһͿ
Ҳϴˣ̫ʺҡֹǲʺϣֱǽԡ
ЦԹС飬ЦĲԼ
ˡοĺ͵ļ£ϴ
һ·ź͵£ҲˣǵǵģĽˮ
⣬̫ˣʤϴεĺ¼ѯ֪ĸһϲȻ;Ϳ˺Լȥ׷ˡ
˵Լɽһĸ֪ȴɭ·ˣ˻еĸԭṥ˵СȴΪжԴ󷢡
ҲҺ˲ӳ죬һĶǾͿӦ˽
ɽﵽܣΪϵѪζܶСҺСϻƴػܸĺûиɽ֡
СϻδεһͿ
ֻˡ
յ㿴ͣҲ̧̧צӾա
͸ι˿⣬СϻҲûʲôԣյţ޲ֱʹȥ
˺ˣͻˡ̵
ô˵ţСϻֻ֪Լܡ
ֽӣСԴ˺˹ԹŶ
˵žˡ
ò׵½ϣȻҪúõˣһͨһȦҲ̹ġ
˽Сϣڽֵϣú˼ʲôһǴͬ
ǹʫԼ
ͦϲģú˼ȻǰƬƬûʲôϵ
ðɣϵܴ
ڿڣ񣬿϶ɺóˡ˷ܵĲˡ
̲סСӣɾڡ
طGǿЦݣͼ˽ͣǺͷŵɻǸӵġ
á
̶ǸүѧġطG治ɫϲŪׯڡ

˵Һ¡
ûʰ˵ԼϲŪׯڣô˵
үȻӣһΪơźӣЦ
ͣ
ȣǵֵһᡣ˶Իͱʾѧ˺ܶࡣͷ
̲ס䣺үĿɰҲɶ£ۼˡ
طGһɵĵͷ
ȷʵ
ͣ
ʱ¶ǫ飬ֱӿģֱĲˣƬ̣ѹүԼǡ
ϻȿʱ򣬺Ҫȥˣֱӿڣ󰢸硣
ͣ
һֺµϷŻͦµġ
治ɫүȻæȥѰ
;Цɡ

ʹ󰢸ȷʵóĽȻү
ǸˡطG
û˵ү
ͲɵЦˣͷŶ
߳ߣЩΪʲôǰչ¶ݣ
ɫ㲻֪˭
ҡͷ
ͣ˵ȻֻǸСڽϵĵλȴܳȻΪиʦ
㣿˼
طGЩ⣬ȴǵͷ⴦и˵аš
ǿѹͷߣֻҪԴģʲôղ󳼻Ǹܶǻš
ݰݣˣ˲õͨש
ССһϣȴ޽ĺݻŵڲߣϵݻˣ˵ǳ
Ϳȥ˺ܶ๬ûеĺö
˼
֪ʮѩ׵˼ˡ
װûпӣЦһɰС첲Ҫ
طGһԵЩǸ⺢ӱģ΢Щ޷ˡ
Ц۾˵Ϲ·ˣӢţһ֪ǾĶ֮ġ
ͶˣôȻҪһ㡣
ȼ߳Ĵţͷ΢Щĳ裬ɵЦˣ˭뵽ôªĴţﾹȻݻ
֮ʵйҲضá
طGɫԶЩſһԵĿͻȻ
ϾأΪܳ費̽ʱ
ɵЦˣʱ֪ˡ
طGĬˡ
ǰЩ£ͲմߣΪ̣ŴЩ¡
һۣ㲻ѹ
һʱͲˡ
ѹطGüƽƽȻԼ⡣
ļ磬ʩʩȻǰߡ
;ﹰЦе˵˲˲ãƷлҪġ
һ޷
߻귨ʲôݣʲôݣȫûбҪ̻¶
˵ͷͷǵСԴЦ㡣ССԴȻô࣬ʵûҪ
áӦ¡
ŵӣ˰װֵ񣬲ɵЦˡ
Ҫ񣬻ҪŴ񣬻Ҫ⳴⡣ŵװס
˵èϲèĲɡڵ
ƽϲҲϲèܡ
ͷͷ
С°ͣ԰˵رԡ
Ǵè̡
ⱲӳССĺ͡
µʵ̫ˡ
ϧ滰ûš
ͷСϹЦݣ̵滰ѾˣͿŲˡ
طGܣš
ŷܣš
ͣ
Թ滰Ű
һСүǲ֪˵ҲţСүı顣
۾΢Уˡ
͹ԹԱá
¡
ϴ磬һ׾һˮζ
ҲС
һвʱˣüͷģףίˣ
˵ڡ
һ޿Թϴѽ
ǰڹ귨ˣȥϴϴͺˡڳ⣬ûôˡ
ҡڣһ㶼⡣
ȻĿˮζ
ǵӴˡ
طGĿбӣװûƵԹ
ϾʵҲղ
Ҳûκΰ취
װû֮ü۹˾
ȻӪغ󣬾ͼżСŮѹӢ˵ģⶫ˱Ƚ»
طGԶԶľͿˡ
ܾرĿչԡ


Ķγˮˣ˵ʱɲ
ˣס
̧һ߹ļˣүү밲
ЩӸˣûôн糣밲ûǰսսľսĸоˡ
İڰ֣Ϊ͵ԵʣҲ˳ۣ˵ûһֱޣȴҲºͼ֡
ֱµأһԵĶ̵ѽ
С;ȥϣŪ˺ܶԣһѽ
ϵͷſطGԶˣЦŵ޶ѹӢˮȡ
õģллϲ㰡ֱ
ϺüЦ
ͷߣȥ
ױٸ߸ߣ˶ʱ򣬶ʩչž;ó˵Ľ
ﰮѽͣķСġ
§ԴͲһ󣬿ž͸ˡ
طGǰܾһξ͸ڣ᲻á
ֹ𣬲ǰЩҲֵʲô
Ҳ˵ģͷʱ˭ȵס˴ﶼ޿ָժ
Լǰ쾭壬ҪȻ˭ٳЩҲˡУȻЩΡ
ߣȥ˵
ͺٺٺٵЦ
˻ȥ˴ˮϴŴȥϵգЦ۾㡣
ϣ
ɫĵͽӡ
ҪԼ̣һƺȥ
§ŶĲûסףûжӣͺ޲ڶϣŲˡ
ϣ
εİѺ͸˺׵ָסһüѹڳˣɲٴô
ͣҲꡣ
㶼ˡ
ͲཱུͦСţǸʮ˸µС
С̰ˣҪ̫ߡ
Ȼ仹ûӦ׵ʱ̲סЦˡ
ʮ˸£ϸһ㣬ǡ
ǰɣЦһ⡣
Ҫúõĸճס֡
ϱˡ
˵ЦţͷС̫٣˵ү󰢸ȥš
ڵˡ
ǰһƨһľҪ·ЩԥҲԡ
С̫ĬĬطʳС
Ͷˡ
ӻ֣ˡ
Ȼصݣͼһӻ£ͷӻ
ϵĴȾͷ΢Щ
˵
͹ԹԵİͷһ𿴣оʫô˵ţ
Σӻͷİ˭귨
Саĳ귨ҲϽ
ûڵ
ͲɵЦˣǿɰ
ôСҪǾͷˣȳˣǾŮˡ
˵ŻͼطGڣş̌Լ꣬İԼǰܹܡ
һҪԷܵı˭졣
ԹԵǰǰ񣬹ζѾҪˮˡ
ϽӰڲ;ߣʪӲ֡
ûϽʰ׵Լһӣ԰ɡ
õΡӦһطG˲ˣЦеҳŶ
ҪһٷƣԵСӹĹĵġ
Ե㣬ҲŶЩ
Ƕǡ̱ڰ껳
ָ⶯˶ӡ
طGţǰ㲻·ԲŶٶٸ࣬ж磬Щˡ
Ͱͷһ귨ࡣ
ӵ˶ء
طGһҭ뺹ܲڹ˭֪Էֱӵͷͬ
񣬵Լ
ˡ
ˡ
һֱֲǲ֪ʲôҪҪˡ
˵ţͷ˵طԱЩԾͰڰ֣ûա
ͷŵط룬˵겻˶ˡ
ʱ򣬻˵ĻЦ˵ˣɫЩįȴЦŵ갲ЪǶп
ô˵С̫ͷ롣
طȥ벻ԼʲôоûеĴ٣ȵʾá
˵ȥԷ
ǰ϶ǲģӦˡ
ںǰǸп޵Ļӣǰӡȫȫֺܾڵڶλ
Ӧȥ
˵ԼҪŹ䣬ʵҪ㡣
ҡȣʩʩȻ̤
ɫ谵˵ӰյЩ
һԣЦˣ
ط̤뷿ţƼһھ£ŲͻūŸү밲
𡣡ط㣬𪿡ݳȻѾʮŻʮӡ
źᡣ
үſǱã˵үŲһȻȴиЦĹ
طԺȥЦŵ¶ط纮ɫ£ʺˡ
طЩŤת˲ɢһգͦأΪԼıûΪԼ
˿ˡЦ崺硣
˻ߵͤɴᣣˮϰžµĲȡ
طɫһԵ㣬ÿɷ
һæʢ֮£ūĽܼźá


102 
ͼˮĻ֮, ҡҷӳâɴµŮ, ̤ɫ죬ǾŮӲеԼ
طƷŲ裬̧һԵ㣬Ц˺ˡ
Ʒ£ǰС˲ͣŤڿ裬̬, ƫƫ, 㷴֮, Եù˵Ľ
طתžƱ, ڶ̸
˽ҹɫ̸ãɢ
ͬʱ, һʻ򾩳, 绨Сˡ
طںӱⲽں, Ŵ, ܺá
Ȼ
ӭ
ͷ¹µ, ü۱¹ӳķᡣ
üӯӯǳү
طü˸Ƭ̣ҹ¶أĳˣ
ϺСӱ, ѲߵԷط룬ϲϤζɫɵøӡ
֪𣿡Ŵۣͬϵζڲסġ
طšü⣬ʱ㣬ҲҪ֪ϣӳ۵Ĳһˡ
ط򴽣Ǹ˺Ⱦưˣʲôû
֪˵Ĳϸϸü⣬ط룬УıոȥĽǶȺطȻͬ
ıյıҲ֪ѹȻҲ֪˵ǿ
طס֣޽Ǳ紵ҵһͷү֪ɵµô࣬ʱҲɼ
¶
µѾҪʲôҪʲôǶ˵ѾʼתǸҡ
үֻúõģƽϲ֣ʤ⡣ˮɫ³γϴ
طͷү֪һƬ⣬Ե㲻ùܣүһֺãҲһֺá
Сӱߣ㾲ǣ֣ϻЩ䣬Ө׵Сط˫ĵͷ׻˵ĺã򳪸棬ȰȰȥǺ빲
Ļ
ҹɫž¡
ɫƯĲ񻰡
ŵĴӺ͵һһԵطGҲų
Сӱ߻ϡ
үЦĿ
طGЩͷһֱģ˵仰ĹûУڳúõ졣
Сӱߣǣ֣ɢ
Щߣɤӣ󵨵үûи˵һ仰
طGü
ףϤ
ţ̧̧򢣬ʾϽ˵
ǳЦطGĴߴУЦſڣ˵аҪ󵨵˵ڣ
Щüۼκ죬˿ң˶㡣
˵ߵĶҪԼָŤͷҪߣȴطG߬ס֣ӣ޲ðһ¡

۰Ͱ͵̧ŵĲˣЩ꣬طGԺδȥƫԺһΡ
ã¸һΡ
ܺãǲŬãôŬͲ㹼
طGȵü䶯£˵ʲôȴطG޲ðո
ָ߬
ߡǣ
ɫȴ֮һ
ֻݲ
̫ˣ罫һֱӴᱧ𣬴̤Ļ
ߵ
үĲ񻰣ҷ
طGһԷ´ʡ
ڶһ磬𴲣ͼߣԹԵڶﻳﲻ˯ѡ
ﶼȥæܱ˯һʵסŶζϲĲˡ
ðѽЦһ
طG˻δѣͼϻСӿɰˡ
üͣڴϣС۾գųĽëطGЦ̡
طGҲŹ𴽽ǣͺϺܺõȱʧһ顣ģúõģȥ
ү˫Ŀⶢ£ϻ۾طGǽ᲻ͬƼ˲䣬ͺ

طG
Ҳ۾ǲ۸ˣ
Сȭͷһᱣġ
Ժðˡ
طG֪Сȭͷ
һ۸û˵ʲôת뿪ˡҪæ
ڶﻳҪʱֱѽѹҪ˯
Ҳûãڴϣһ§ССһţ㡣
Ӥĸһܾһˡ
رĿ¡
ţɵЦˡ
ɵţҪǴẹ̀Сһֻ
ڻڴġ
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ڶůůĻ̧ͷ¶һ˫ۣЦе㰮㡣
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ƽϲ֡
ĸ֣еΡ
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˵Цţ˻ϾͰ޶ЦŵΧ˶أЩʡı˿Ц˵̫ɹƨɻ𴲡
СԴ˿ţأﶼô˯ЦЦ˯š
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ཱུСЦŵ¡
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ͣ
ˡ
ĶȥˣҲͦϲԭǸ׳ӣ͵סį
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ͷǳЦŵЪЪ۾
Ӳ۾ȴ飬ԹԵ귨ԹŶȱꡣ
꣡

㵹ǿһۡ
Ȼ죬Ͷæ𣬰æű飬ÿ
ϻȥæűðð
ĥƿԡ
˵ƫƫԼǳģ˵ˣû˼ϾԺҪ顣
طG˵ڣô˵Թÿү׽һ
ҪҪ
һԼСӹĺ̹
ڿǰЦе귨ұĺòá

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ϸǰЦʣĸоô
ϣ
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ˣôȥ͸ţ֯Ůʲô
һӸˡ
Ҫжҡ
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ǰδеͬ
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ϣ
㲻ôɿ
Ҳ㰢
طGŴδгһջΪԼʢı
̧ýȢĸһۣиСӲ
طGлû˼˵븣ˡ⻰һ飬;ЩԼ͸ͬˡ

¡
СӱߣźӱƯҰͲɵЦˣͶӣһĿʼժɻǰ
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ܹյԼ̣ɵЦտ
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ƼľƼ·ߵҰҲҪĻ˵ǣеãҪǰ
ŸжСԴ
طGɤӡ
ȥģԵҺܶӡ
߹ǿв뻰⡣
ţ֪㰮үһĵͷ
¡
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طGƳһۣ˹𣿡
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ˡ
ʲôͶˡ
ߵԱվһ߿ǽ޵Ļ䣬һе졣
˵֪𣿾˵⻨ѽиԵĻ͵
ڴĿطG
طGŶ
װӡ
Ҳɻĵʱ۾
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Ϻڴı۾֪ŪСˡ
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Ȼͳ𣺡֡
ڴ֡
΢ЩЩĴģȻһ۾ͼһѻЩЩᣬȻˡ
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С̣Ҳ󡣡һ
СϻԴһСǰƣĿôԡ
Сûзݣûд׳צӣֲȥԣ̫ˡ
¸һŬˡ
ͼͷʾôҧ󣬽ŽŻżˣһֻצŵ档
ԣҲԡ̫ˡ

͸ϽСϻСϸʳ
ȻСϻְСǰơ
ͣ
еϵġ
Ȼ֪˭˭ʵ벻
귨׽ģЦ˰ɡ
ʾԼЦɲˡ
СϻԴȥˣ۲ණûķʱ˭ҲЩ
ź˵ʱСϻûһ⿵һ˵ľȥˡ
ɵĴ˸
ԲĶӣ˼СϻǲǸüˣҲ̫Բˣһ㶼ûӡ
Сϻ
ҡͷ죬֬
˺á
Լ֡ڵ
ͲҲҪ֬ȻҪԲĲźÿ
ô˵ţǳЦ㿴á
ԼС̰¶ཱུСƤʹģǶϵ͸Ų
ź棬Ҳġ
СϻˣҲŹġ
ͣ
ˡ
СϻĴצŻͦ۵ġ
Ƕǵˡ
ָ꣬࣬ͱĺ۰Ͱ͵Ŀࣿ
š
˻ŻӣĥҪȥ߿
ߣ޴ȥ׽з
⽭ߵ«έУ϶кܶз׽棬ӦúܵСϲ
һ;˼չһʣǻᱻȥ𣿡
ϾˮӿͦΣա
ЦԶһ㡣
ƺӱһżӲƽ̹ĺӰһȥ׹ƺӣ˲䱻ɳ뺣ס
˵ˣȻЩģȴǶסԳȥĿֱ֣С磬յľˡ
귨ߣ
·ϣʣ㰢أ
ͺٺٺٵЦԼء
Լ᣿
Ķˡ
۾Щֵͷ͸ϵõĲ࣬һϰһ
ȻŸ壬ûбסӣϲԳţҲϲԸ
һֻģ۵Ĺϵ
ϰ˺ϰ˸ȴǣǻԼӶȰ࣬˵θڡ
𣿡ڵ
ͲɵЦˣ̵ظһԺҵĹͣգ
֪ΪҸ˶١˵

٣Цŵ٩
ҪûңɢˡͰͷ
СԴǲǫ顣
͵ͷɶǫġ
ôġ
û⡣
ǣȥһ·ϿۣšɫĺѪͿײײƴϵСϻЦСϻˣĺѪ硣
Ȼʵ磬Сϻˡ
һ뻹ǣû£ͷˡ
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Ƭ̹˾͵˽ߣ̫ˮճƯĲ٣ͲɵþϲŶ
̾ˮһɫ
ЦǴˮ
ĿããһƬ
ÿ𣿡˵
ͲɵЦˣÿ
죬ȥԶԶľܿз
ôࣿͳԾ
ô󣬾ûôз޴½ŵĸоررĶࡣ
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ЦץСз档
ҲܳԣֻˣС˼˵žʹһֻ
㿴ӣ鶼Сз̡
һǡ
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Ϊẹ̀ûھú˼
СƨɣСĴ˴ûΣգԼȥ׽
Сϻ׽з
Сϻצģһ
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СֻСзЩ޴ֵӡ
סĿӣͺˡʾôȷȥз
ѧһ£ֺãŸ˵Цһ׽˺üֻ
˸СӣԼзŽȥʾСϻúÿţз·ˡ
Сϻִ
СצӲͣİзȥ
ץһѣӦûСͽūòݸ˰˼ֻͻȥ档

⿴￴
ǳˣȢˣ㸣￴ô죿
ȫ⣺Ҹ꣬ð￴ͺˡȻҲҪֻҪ˱ˣֳӴף
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üƽ֮־úеϾһܹ֮ķˮС
ʵۡʰ硢ûһദģȴ£ô˵ǲ
СԴ귨˵Բԣ
ͷ
Ͷܽ⡣
죬Ȣ˸˼Һزǡ
Ȼһ룬𲻽⣬ԼίССӣίˡ
ɼСʱܾʧίÿһµĺӱ󣬶ǵᡣ
̡۵ҪϽ§ڻ
޲ޡ
ͣ
Һûޡ
ɶһɻʡ
عݺݵС۲Կˡ
ͣ
˻ۡ
ΪɶͻȻˣֱȡ֡
귨
˲ˣϽ§ڻ壺ѽأ귨𣿡
һΡ
͵ͷ
ۡ
ͱһԵ«έȥʾһԵõĻ«έЦŵ㿴
ʵһյķ紵«έѾˣǶԼ˵ӦûǺʡ
«έĵƮѹӢһ裬ؼε
ÿ𣿡ʡ
ĿתĶţͻȻ˱ˡ
ǽţϽʲô͵«έ϶ϲ
֪Ҫ𣿡Ц
СԴһ⣺ʲô
ͣͰ͵գ۾豦еһСС󡣡
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ܾӨ˫ɵᣬȴǵͷ
ɡ
ͶʱΪԼΪ¶ÿ֡
üɫӣüЦ豦У
;ͺٺЦԣֻжȫõĶ
һǵУүУóԴס
һӣԼ˶Ӵˡ

лܡ


103 
ܲûаο
ⶼۡü
ͲԼġ
㿴ǲǱ, ǲеģǰټϺͶԷĹϵǲһĿȻ
ͷ
ȷʵͨ׶
ס, үС
͵ͷ, «έ, ϶ϲ
ⷢɢ֪뵽ĵطȥˡֿǰĳ룬ʱطԳĳҲ֪ʲô뷨
߰ɡ
ܳһʱˡ
˭֪
ʱúõģȻȥ, ȴ֦ڣ·ׯʱ򣬾ڿޡ
ǿ˺ѷ, 
ˣʡ
Ƶ, ˶Ѱ˸Źùٻ
Ҳ˵Ҷ·, ߾ˣ˿޺
ǻеġ
⻹ź, 뿪Ϊá
ͰСԴĿšŻͦɬ겻ӡ
㾡˵Щ档˵
ҡͷ, ߰ɡ
Ǻ
üΧľӣɫ£飬ĳ衣
һ֪⡣
ͫȻһǰѹǿߣ𵢸顣
˵žͼ߹СӣɽЦеģλ
ſǣŵ
˵񿥣
ͿüͷЦ£ǿ
ȴɫЩżѹߡתСӣЦŵˡ
СˣЦŽͣ·ˣ··˵Сʼ䡣
Сӵͷѵüˣ÷
ˡ
Ȱߴƹͺ͵ʱֲԤСڿ߸˵ʱܾһԴѹȸС
̲סҪµĸо
ŵСѩɰС𪾫£ѿŲԣʵûӡ
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СЦˣҲýҾ֮ꡣ
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źͷӸµĿˣЦͷġһˣ˵ûҪ뻢Ѩ̽̽·źͣ԰ȫΪ
ߡ˵
Сü֣Ȼ˵ġ
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ü
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СһĵطȥɫȻҲǴȥѹˣڴ˴ܰɣ
ˡ
СϻȻܳһ˷ܵء
۵ıѹˣ
һ䣬ŵŨҵѪζ
䣬̤ԺӣͼԺһӰߴˣȫѪ
߹һСŮˣ޶ҿޣСϵ˿ڡ
͵
˲԰׵գƿѿǸ˿ڣϽӻͳҩȥһ㣬óֹѪǿȥ
С߽һĻˣüЦˣ
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ܶǣ棬ȫΪһҪôԼΣ֮С
СԴ˵˵㶼ʲôǲˡ
ˣ
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С˿˿һۣЦҲɱˣҴƣž֮꣬λ÷ء
ʱˣĿˣǰһǿ׳һСϻţôܺġ
Ȼ֪ҲһҪɱˣմѪĿġ
üһཱུСɰ͸ոºӣظһɰϻۡ
Ǿ˸ո硣

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⻰һС˶ʱüһĿ֪Ǹúӣ˵˵
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СƬ̻㱣񣬿һԵŮˣʾս˵
ͷһ۵ŵģߴˡ档
Ͷͷĵطִ˴
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Щ죬ȴѹ˵ա
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Ѫ졣
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ɫǴйʵ̫ϤˡֱӴ˸ڣСϻҲس
ˣѹʡ
ź𣬶ڿĺ¡

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ʹŵˣڰСԺ󣬾ٴλԲѡ
ŻЩ죬ǰȻǼģǼƵˡ
˼ھûһʱֻԼϵˣûй˼
ܿ죬
ŰΧڿü䣬̤ܿ

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ͷ
¡˵
طGʱ˿ѹڵϣΧĴЩ궯ٲ참˻رܡ
ţ
˭ģʲô
ΪҪСϵĲ컹࣬һͷǸ
λӣүһʱЩᣬˣǲ֪˵ʲôá
ܾڴ˴ʲô¡ǰ˵ͷлҪĶࡣ
ڴ˴Ҫˣз֮ǣڻʵߣûиȫĵطˡ
죬¡
Ƴһֿۣͣü


104 
һҡ
С˲, Ŀźͣ˼ʲôͷ
ſطGȲȻ뵽ĳ̫ܵĿܡ
д, ˵¶, ɵ£ƫԶ, ǡˡ
, Ǳס
Ϳŵŵ, һԿ޵Ĳѵ, Щͷ۵ü, ôСŮ, һӿһ߰ε
, ͦϻۡ
п϶ʲô¡
²⡣
˿ס, ʹӻͳӽѹơ
ﾭӲ֪ȻСӵĴзǳϤ
ʱ򣬾Ѿܵˡ
ӹ, ɫصĴ򿪿ͼͷдϸᡣһɨ, ͷϤ֡
ߡ˵
ߵʱ, ɨƽĴӣЩơ
δ߳ӷΧ, һĹ˵ǴԺз˽
֣ҧĺ
Ϊкܶࡣ
һüĥ, ʵ׽һ㡣
˸һԺӴźǺᣬЩҡҡ׹ǳſľͷ޲øʴԼϵ
źƶ͸ţҲܿԺпտҲѰռųߵȣŽոѡ
ϸţһţ߽ݣѰģȻ߽ңưܵĴ齱ƿ¶µİڰˡ
ΪǸӵĵط뻹ѳе
ɫ
طGطGüͷȥ̽顣ССĴ䣬лҪĶࡣ
ӱһһ򿪡
нһЩ鱦Ŷֻȡ
üͷôֱʣǳбȽ˲ܰ쵽
ϰ
ؽпܡ
һԵĻ귨ĶֻطGӰһĬĬڿ
»Ϳգһ޴ܶССԺӾȻˡ
ĬЩΥƷĳĴ˴
߰ɡ˵
ǰһ۵ϵļС
ϰ
һĶˡ
Ȼ󣬿;شţðûжЩ̽ⱳ塣
ܹȥȥҲͦá
ôһ˲䣬м¶
طGҲԼΪճ˴ʾ֭ʱѾﱸǮ;ˡ

֪һֲѪȷ硣źСĹĵĳԵģ죬ûʡ
ϡ㣬Ը裬㲻˵
̫εķء
˴˵ȻϻǴУģȴ̫ӵĺ԰
˶⡣
ͳԵĳˣͺȿ̣ܿСӳԵԲ
꣬ҲԵ㡣Ȼ귨Ӧ⻹ûжԣˡ
طGһԿȺůůȻŵȻҪվڣţѶܿסųɡ
ſϻڸ˵⽭ߵ«έƯ귨øʱûã˵Ҫ￴
пٿϰСԴ
үճԺãϢ˵١˳񣬾ͼİ綼һµ˴
ͿطﻹŸͷɵ
طһڣ첽ߵ˸ǰʣզˣ˵ҪһԿ𡣡
֪ͱŽżҲſһڣЦеóԡ
Ц˶˿
ĳϣҲǿķꡣ
ǸˣȻһжãǲˣǾʹүˡ
ܴ
ЦˣǾ˵ⲻ
ȽЦҪ밲ͷֺЦһգ
ˣ

Цʵһʱղס
طAǰܸܵѹֵաأ˲׹

ŵµĻӣطAطβſط飺ؾһˣ̫ϡ
ط鹪Ӧ¡
Ųȥɡ
طתȥˡ
һֹЩ⡣
طGȴ֪ô£Ĭ˵Ķ£ҲȻ
˲˱ֿСͣգųĽëһʹ峺޴
ƭ
Ȼʱ޴ʱ峺ΨûҪİʾ
طG²һ
û취˵£в֮£ͽվڡ
Щۡ
ǰſĸȡ
ڻʵݸʾϽĥ
ͣ
ǣ۾˵˾汯ˣôһ߱ˣһĥ
ӵ¿ôʹ
ƳһۣСЦģ
ĥСܳʵ
ǲĥ
ɵЦˣ롣
үĥ£ŭԡտʼãûһ򣬾͵ŵĵ㣬ӹţͷ尾
Ÿ󣬿ˣҪԼҲˡ
ʡ
͹ԹԵͷԵǵģȵǵ̣ѾΪУʲôˡ
񣬻⡣˵
ͷ
ʾŹȥ׼
ͰСԴŵŵİ꣬ССʣ岮أ

װû
̬Ȱڳˣǳͷ
ܿͰţССļϰĲһطGⲻƮʱסЩǺͺϲԵģ߶ĲƷ
԰ɡ
˵Լæµ
ͼԣ֪ܣܶʱԸ԰סҲ˵ԼСвˣȻٵǰԡ
ԭԵĿӯӯüۣ׻ԣеһھеڶڡ
Եʱ˾ûãϾǺܺãᷢ
Ǻ;Ͳɡ
ԵʱСͻžĽ
ţ;ʳܺóԡ
ԼҲһڣ͸ˡ
֪ʲôȴڴ˴վƽȴ޻˵طG֪ģװţɣ˿ţ򶨼ˡ
һֱҹˣæꡣ
ذɡ
ڻػ֮ԥƬ̣ѵϵСѥӣŰ۵СŽùŮϴţֱɽѣĴ۾ſߵĿλŴŴ˯

ⴲС˵
͸İ۾ϣСͣСССˣһֲռط
ӣЩߣĴ˸Ƿ
˼ڣˡ
ŹõʳһӵСԣĺͶˡ
Եʲô
ͷ
ó𣿡
óԡ
ҿͦóԵѽ
óԣɸɰͰͣûʲôζ
ǰĳʳûвóԵġ
ʿˮֱҲ˸ͷѧſӣͷԡ
㡣Լַʳ
á
ô˵ţǴ˳ԵģСܳԡ
ͲذسԵĺ㡣
ܣҪԡ
ųԣͷ˼֡˳԰գȡ
ȳԵĶԲԲ;̯Űװ׵СƤҪǶǡ
Գˡ
ûϢСЦ
СЦġ
귨ʵ̫óˡûס
Цתȥ˰طػ
ŭѾɢˣ̫ӿӱ޵ܹʱҲѾؾˡ
ʱһ仰ûôҪ֪ͳˡԭ̫ӹǰΪʲôҪô
̫Ӳ
֮ǰ磬Ҳĸı䡣
ԤС
ȻԤ£˵׼
Ϳſɫ任ú˼ϻʵ۵λãûһӡ
ƵʵŭȻûڻʰǰ͸¶һǰ㡣
ծš
ͻأı
޴𣿡źཱུСЦʡ
û˵֪Ϳ϶˼
귨۾˵ûһֿܣҽ껹ꡣһֱ꣬ӱ۾
ʣʾɶҲǡ
§ڻµüۣǳЦŵ˵ĵ޶ֻҲҪ޵һƬ⡣
Ϳʼҡ
ߴʤʼˡ
զŪӰС͡
˵˵ġ
ߴʤ㵹
һҭ˵ʱ졣
Сӣ治°ᡣЦ
С̹̹Եģ귨ôأûд𰸵ѽ
ȥ˵̫Ӳá
Ҳ֪
׿Щ
ײ
˵˵
ǲ԰׵ġ
һһԼĴƣڱݺݵĸһơ
ԼСƨɣС͡
ҡ
Ϊʲô˵ҡͰ͵üͷЩ˵ǼǾҲǸӡ
Ȼп϶һ
Ĵ˸Ƿûд𰸵⡣
Ρ
һٸɺͽڵ
֪ǲġ
ˣ˵
ͣ
۾˵һ˵ȡܲôҺ¡


ͱ۾Щ˯ţԻ߷𡣡
ǰ˰ˡ
̧ƣӣûôȥƨϣź˯
̫Ӻδ֮С
̫Ӵ



105 
, 񴦴ҳǰ
ž;ۡ
ŷĺ
¡͵
źͼĸȹϵһ, һȥʳԣһҪ
ȥѧϷѧ
кǸж
ĵ߳ˡ
;ڿﲻ֪Լƣ֪Сϵζ, ÿܿǳ
ɿɰС϶Ǻġ
ڴ˴æ, ְܿӪǰ
֪طж£ǰЩӷ¶, ûĳʹ
«έķ, ź, ûԼƼ
ڽתһȦæ꣬ݻǵʱ򣬷糾͵ططiˡЩӽϣ˶㲼ˡ
ߵꡣطiǰ밲
עطi
̫ΨһԽڵİ, Ҳ, Ϊ崢, һܺúõġ
˭뵽
ôļСǮ
طiĿƤӣТʺľ٣߾͵
˵ǻȮӡ

糾ޣҲ̬棬
طiᡣ
˵ʾ⹬Ůǰϸϴ, ùŮϷˡ
طiЩʱգԭΪӭĻǿ籩꣬ᣬһʱЩã
ꡣЦģûһ
ؿ㳤ˡ
ôõʣϣο
طi񣺡ˡ
ŴǣȻ䷢Լ飬Ȼĺ
طẠִ֪һʧߣ˱ط뼳ӪӪδ߳Լ·
һʱ䣬޴֡
طG鸴ӣڵʲôû
ճ˴Ա
һ飬ȻȷʵСĶ࣬ԭ⣬ﶼ
º괺ﶦʢʲôҲܿ챻ѹһһֻҪ˾ûзӡ
̹ȻԶԡ
һ¾õİģǰݲ裬ֶġ
ͻȻҲ
ˡ
ǰǲ²⣬ǶԷʲô£Ȼദ磬ȫʲô⡣
ѲǺ괿̫ˣ
Ҳ޿ܡ
˲²׷ףڣͰȵϣǰգүദʱ䡣
ҺôҺá
ʾһ˲䡣
һõһʢ£طiԶϷС¯ӣڹཱུˮ
طiݲ裬ǹ΢ЦȻһһ
طiƽƽ
ڶԷģ˫Цʱ򣬿ھׯѳ鱦ʮ䣬Сס
ƽƽ
طi
ׯܸɬ
յһڣɫһֳ䶨ĸо
šЦʣô˵
طi㱣ˡļǵǰʱ£ɫǶôĺɸ֡
ټȺң־䶼ǶУֺγ̫գδ
±֣Ȼƽƽѯʡôһ˲䣬̫úǲҲˡ
ôֵģطiü⡣
˾ٲźú󣬾ûٶ֪ʲô¶бֵĿܣô䲻ε֪
ЦЦ·
طi鸴ӣʱҲҲġ
ôɡҲЦˡ
ֵܸ꣬лֲ̿ѣЩŴǶԸġ
ü͡
ǷڴǰȻҪŸȡݣˡһ˲ʱ鶼ûá
Щʵ˵ˡ
ظôƽɵЩ⣬ô¸Σ
طiհһ˲
ʷôġ
°ͣ̽ŵ̫ӣ
ϰˡ
ƽɫ˲Ѻۡ
㡭һ̾޶ĹעδΣף÷񼲣Źҳֻ˵˷ӡ
طiѽΪҪע
ΣյĻ⣬˵ȴƽ
棬ֶ顣
ڲԶ͵͵һطGȥæûչæź̫Ӳģͳ˷ŷɵС񣬿Ĳˡ
طi̧ƼཱུСƨɣŶ̶̵֫
ϸ״꣬

ûһֿܣ˽ؼе⡣
ôû뵽˵˵Ż״Ҳû뵽
ͷͼ͹ཱུС첲ϣһֻСѾһҡҡλεġ
ʱľ̤ߵһ£ʹժʲô
һԵطi״ɹЦеĿ
ͣ
ôͶ룬ôġ
귨޹գգ۾СַŶͷʼﵹѽͷѽ
ĺ죬ֱӰק˺Ȳĵط
۰Ͱ͵Ŀţÿע⣬ߡ
ֻʣˡ
طiҪݲ裬ס֣Ӧô
ɻᡣ
Ȧطiȷʡ
ɵó
طi룬Ҳ˵ȦõĽ֣Ҳϰˡ
Ҳˡ
Ƶ񣬿ϧ
ȴطiЦŵԹ̫Ӵδк³߼ûСüӯӯһμ̳ߣܿѡһ˵𣿡ǳ
Ĭˡ
Ϊܣĺӣ¶į顣
÷
̸ᣬʲô鶼ûзһ
꣬ã۲ѡطiŴǣ˵һЩǷϵĻ⣬ȴ˷ܵĹ⡣
Щʹʴ֮ΪԼȴѰȻҹλ֮䣬֪ܡ
رãǰĻ죬Ⱳӱݵֻ̣ʹ
Ļˡ
಻
ǰĺ꣬û󣬵֮죬ܼһΡ޷ʵǵĸɽ
طi۽߳һ˿ᣬ޹Ŀſ
һ
ʱԣз֮£̫ӱȻòáȻЩʱգѾˡʵ̫ӱȻʵۻ
ѾȴҲ֪طiֻΡ˵ףųģĻֶв㡣̫֮λȫһƬܡ
ԭ޷ԭ¡
̻Ȼ޴ӣ۵
طiɫӡ
ٸһλᡣ˵
طiݵ񣬱Ǽⲻһᣬγ뿴Լ֪ʹĸо
۵Ӹˣȥ
ڵĿǿ׳ԳоԵĿȨһͻ̫ӡ
ûн̺Լ©
̫һȭ޻ϣŹ͵͵һĺͣô֣ĺԣúΪ̫ζܲô֡
꣬ԥĸ״
˵СѧΪͼΪ
˻ԿۣŬıɣĺ˻״
طiٶµıˡ
һãȻ
ĴָԹԵıժƨɣֱ޻˵
׻˵ڳĬڳĬб̬̫ӶǱ̬ˡ
¡
µҪ
ЩУ̫ӺͿ֮ᣬ°룬ȻóΣ̫ӵĳȣֱֵһᡣ
췴Ҳܱѹ£ⶼ㰮ǻʲô㡣
ţͿطiڵǹЦϤѹַ
ŻϷ
ͣ
ţ
ȴûʲôоüͷѹ޾Ͱϡ
ȹ𣿡
һѣǹš

ĳཱུСƨɡ
;ͺٺЦСȥ׿һҺġҡҡλһҪˤ϶ᣬè̵츳ܡ
ס첻ףһǳˣ޻֪㡣˵žͰѺͷŹȥ֦
һʱ䣬ֻʣˡ
طiſ侲üۣɫָֻȻ롭
ᡣ
طi죬¶ԶԶȱӿֲǵʹˣ¶͹ȥˡڸڰУΣա
ꡣǼһᣬۿͺˣТ
֮䣬Щǲ˵׵ġ
͸źѪ˿ۣҲۼˣѹȥʷǡͨĬд飬ϵĲʱ
طi۰Ͱ͵Ŀͣ
Դżеܡ
̧֣Ҫļ򰲸ֻ㻹ᡣ
ûͷǱų
ȻԼ˳ᢾʤǧ
طiĬˡ
ѹ꣬иʶЩ
һϡ
ЦΣ
¶һζЦݣת˲š
Ρظһ顣
طiᡣ
ᵽطiëȻһֱĸо˽Լӣ֮֮ƽƽҹв
·һ㶼˷Ӱġ
طiͻȻУΪ󺹰̲꣬Ϊ̫ӵݣҪˣʲôв
Ȼǡ
˭̫ӣûôҪ
ӺЩ
µˣͷβֻ
طi⡣
ſ̣¶һĨЦ⡣
ٻҲˡ
һȲ裬ܵĳ˵ȴһ
յ
ŹŻ뿪ĺͣȻȥϣɵЦ
ˣذɡ
Ѿˡ
طi䲼ΣϿ޲ߡ
мƽȴֻźϸˣŻݸһӳ죬һһƯ
ཱུСЦеˡ
ͣһ磬ڻЩѹ֣ɵ˻һĲߣֻԲأ
;Сͣ˼ˣ
ء
ô˵ţϻ˻ϵ̲סЦţء
ݡ
ĸ첲ŶĲʱ͵ʱ̲סЦˣ˭Һӳ̸ֶУ
ϻͷͽʱץ̸ȻڻƿԼȣֶȥˡ
ȡϽǰС־
ʱСףأ
ǸСϻѧġ
ƽˣѧˡ
һԵĺ̾ͺܰԹԵĿ̸⡣
졣Цȥ껹鳣Ѿôˡ
ϱ̫ʦϣЦʣ̸ⲻԣ
۰Ͱ͵ĿţķǵҲԡ
ϾСֻĿ˼
û»ء
ԡ
Ϳ̸⣬ϲĲˣʲôʱи磡
Ѿôá
ϸĵýõߵĵЦŵꣿ
ͣ
仰˺ô
ڸչ꣬ǳ겻˵һ꣬ҲоŸҡ
ܲڽ˵еµ档
˵ţطG̤˽ɫƣĻЩ
ϣ
ıô¡
ͼطGźͣ꽻Ӹһʹһ䣬͸ıոһûʲô
Ŷ̵֡
طGһ룬ס
ظһ飬Цŵү񲻹ǱգĸֻܳΪˡ
ϲܳΪ
ν˱ҲС
طGϳ⼸գԼֱ͸ҲͰˣͻҪȢˣȫûаϣ
үǶﱾ
̯֣ҲС
طGͶˣ˱ҲУﱾҲɣûʲô¡
ͣ۵СЦŵү밤ᡣ
ϸһԺ飬Ծüͷڶǰ͸¶
طGһҭҶˣš
ϵæһգԸϽŰš
ţͼһīžƿ
طGЦŻ
һԵĺͣС̫ڰ֣Цŵȥ档
С̫Сϻӣڵ˫ַϡͽӹһ̲סЦˣ³
žͺܾɡ
̫ЦϲٸŪЩ
лл㡫˸ǣڵС̫̫ʦΣЦе̫¡
طGͣϽС̫ȥ꣬Щ˼ʳªЩٽūȥƱ
һһ⣬һ峴ʱߣһиѼرļ򵥡
طiţЦһˣܷˣϸ򵥵˾ͺá
ѾƿϣЦŵֵһ
طGͷһԵĸϸϽҪǣźȥطiˣԵĺӣϲĽŰɡ
֪ģܱطGࡣڣҲ뿴ķӦ
͹ԹԵͷС˰ɣԡ
𹫿겼ˣЦеֲ赭ζ
ϲʳﵥζʶЩ˶ûúܶƷ䣬̫˵رԡ
طiȻΪһٷ
кڣǴֲ赭ҲܳԳζɡ
طGǿŲûüͷЩʱû̫ӣܾ̫ࡣ
޵̫ӣһηôĴȴҹԼĸܡɷϵǣľã̫Ӵ˷ǲܺˡ
طG֪ԼĶӣܱʹ
ʲôû
ƽû¡


106 
˰ӿ, һʱгһѹֵƽѹŲطiƽƽھˣй˼, δ˺Ƥ, Ȼֿɰĸо
Ѫȷ磬, طG, Ҳɰ
طiܺá
ֻ
Ц, ñӳͶǹϢŪЩ֪롣
е, ѹ¡
ûκη粨
һ·ƽĻؾ, ߽ıոʱ, Щþòƽߵʱ, ҺͣǷ紵ĸ, Ȼٻʢ
ڽϿһֵľ£ؾֿһȦûͦáͻȻʲôǹ
ĺÿˡ
̱, СԴ̣һ̾ѽ
ů, ΢粻
ܿæµӰƼʱ͵ӣϲˡ
Ȼ
үټ
С̫һصı飬£Ҵиȥ
߽幬, ͼѪһȻǰȥһŭ˭ˣ
ذף䱸ˡ
ܹ˵ŵ˲ࡣ
С׵Ĳˣҽ
һƴĿЩӲסӣε˵Ѫ¡ȷʵûʲô£ѹЩ
ܿ죬ǵб㼷ˡ
ſѪͨһڵϣЩ֡Ѫڳд·
²׷ס
˹ţһʱѻȸ
طGҲţɫĳˡ
üͷ
һʱЩ֪˵ʲôá
ܿ죬ⱻѹƯŮһɫŮСҰףžµۣһ֪ô¡
̫һϮ£ǹƦЦ밲
̬ȣÿͷ
ŭ𣺡޳С̫ҵʮأϦգΩΰΪһҪ񡣽طi£ѵΩŰڣѳڣްʮӡ
Ȼ̧λһ̫ӵگ࣬벻ʱӶ˼侹ˮݡ
˵˵ۿͺˣȥĽطi˫ʹ۾ȴɱȥ
үŮʹ޲ѡ
ȻһͨԼһͨطiҪ̫ӵȴôҲѹס
ǰе鶼ѹ£̫λüѣȫԼһƬȸ֮ġ
ʵܡ
˵̫ӲТҪȨ˵Ҫ̫ӣóƼ̫ӵѡ
طiͷؿſ
ΪԼҪ۷ģ˭֪ȻǰҪǰϣЦЦ飬Ϊ̫
鲻Ϊ顣
̫Ӽŵ
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ſͽ
͹ԹԵſС죬¶ֻһС͡
ͰѰҵƤһ㣬ȻСһٹΡ
ˡ
Ҳˡ
һϽ
˭֪һº󣬿İԼԼŴžݵİݣӰذһٿС
ϣ
еۡ
ɰһ̣ô⶯
ͲɵЦˣཱུСظһС˵ɡ
͸¸֣㵸ģЩСӸӳȥһ£ϽֱסԼң̵Ŀ
ϣ
Ͳ֮ԥ
ûף;ͰѵǰƣϽԣԼĿģá
ҵļϴŷۣźܺÿġ
˺ü飬㣬ʣأ
˵ϾΡ
ԴͱΪ̫طGˣһʧȥܶĿ꣬͵ŵ͵ȥˡ
һЩۡ
յȥطGˡ
ꡫɤӺ
طGʯϣͷϴңص㡣
̫ԸϹ˵һ䣬ǰطGߣСԴĿŰꡣ
طGͣƯ¹ͺͺģֱûС
˻Ͷˡ
˼ڵ㲻˳ˡ
ˡ
˫ƽĺ棬ЦеôͻȻ
طGƳһۣüζǽ޳ĴƣĵСЦүԺȫ¡
Լ˻̫ݪŪݵ㣬ʲô˼
ѵСЬӣཱུСѾˮ΢ĺˮЦеҾãǰæµĿʼ
Ŀƣһζ
طGһͷһƺϡѧˣǷᡣ
Щˮȥ
͵ʱС죺ۡ
۵
طGʱЩۣģ˵Щ
꣬ԺͿˡ˵
طGһҭ
źͣͼСԲԲģ̣ɫžȻƣ֮ɫ
͡طGͷ㲻̫ǿϾṆ̀¼вҲǺ顣
ϻۣǰлۼ˵ĹǣĽҲ֪ȥûУΪá
͹ɵͷ꣬Ұ㡣
طGϣһ仯ûС
طG̾˿СԴģԶĺܡ
أǸ̡
͵ʱٺЦСסطGĴƣСԴ̵⣬Ҫת˵ע躹ޡ
һȺ岮һ̡
Ȼ̺
֪طGĺ֮־ȻҲ֪˵жΪѡ
걧Žšְֲ档
طGڻཱུСɵԺôˡ
ĵ˻̫ҪǹĹطGֺ޵ĸҳ֣Ȼ˼顣һ¾ɱ֡
طGɫ䣬Ž˺տطԸеҪޡ
ꡣ˦˦СѾˮؼңˡ˯ѺֱӾͻų˼ңûˡ
𣿡
̡֪
СֲţֻҪ꿪ľС
طG
źߣ;̲סЦ౵˼ڡ
ٺ١Ц
ɵɵӣطGӸӣộȻɱΧ
귨֪ٺЦ𣿡٩
ʹ˴ָ˵أСϻһ棬ȻСİɣͳ˵С⡣
ƿ
طGˡ
ˣʡ
ҡͷ
ԹծСͣҪԹԴܶܶĹ
֡
طGСá
Сϻ棬϶Ƿûƽƿʲôģ겢ƽϣԹծһǶ棬پƿ϶Ʒ
գЦģ߬СȭͷطGҸ귨˵ССĽ顣
طGüܾ⺢ûƨ
ծָЩ¡
౵Ŀ
طGĥĥԼĴƸ˺һƣүԸأ
Ըġ̯֡
طGͣΪ̫ô̫ӶλþͱȽˡ
˼ǻסع칬طiȴϣҪȥֻ棬ܸõķչԼ
˵Ҫú˳ҪֻҪ̫һסع칬ô͵Ļ̫һվǸЦ
Ȼ
طiҲھŷ룬ʲô֪ʲôȴϺúõǵųԵøһ
ţڹ⽨̫ӷΪ
ڽ˼طAϾʱҲ
طiȴֱӾˣҪطG˵Ȼľͷһ飬ʵعأһһۣľûϲġ
߶طGôõĽ
طi̯֡
յͷʵν
ͷ磬ֱ⣬Ҳˡ
֪꣬˰ȡཱུĸ첲طGЦеٺ٣ɰ
طG
ɵ̡
ȻԺ󣬹Ѿ뿪ˣڵıոȻһƽУҶڹ
Ͼ̫˽ؼб²ûд￪ͻȻžͱϣȻ󱻷˺ͣ˾ãүʲôԵİš
ġ
طGҲл͵̬ΣΣûһ˾͸ֲס
ϣ̵ѽ
ϸϽݺݵڣЦеԹԣô𡣡
˰ˡ
طGڱ̵һ䣺ѧѧ
ӣЦĿҲǲСźЩʱգѾǵˡ
Ȼ
һ죬طGڴʱˡ
˵ڡ
ԭҪƤ൱С
ˣû˵Ϸ
Ӧֱͦʱȴǫͻ˵ʲôҲϸϺȣ˵ʲôҪ֡
طG
طG
ڲ輸ԣϾʹСŮˮźһǳЦŵϴϴյȲ衣
ʰſһԵĺͣطGʢ֣Էʱ׹ת鷿ȥûһͻ̡
ȫүһ鼮п㶼طG˹
ĵʱס
һ㣿ס
ϰһ߸ߣʢЩϲסЩҪдҪˡ
꣬Ҫģջȥɡ
Ͽ⿹ܵӣɣҲˣ˶ܡ
ðȺðȡطG˫УֱӽסҪ
Ǻܶܶࡣ
Ǿ߷Ƶӣ֪϶Ǿġ
űˡ
طGǹЦ⣬ΪѵӾ;ܺãݺͬͬһ£ͻõͬۡ
̫ĺܺãȴԾɱƵɫ裬˫۾㣬Ͷ˵ƫƫֲʵһӵоԵȨ
ǻ˵ūΪá
طG룬ЩԼӡ
ӡ
èһ;ۣ޲ñͷʹޡ
á
бһطGŻôء
Ͻǰ
ȵŵʱЩΪѣΪ̫һжǱ̫ӵʳĶΪȻ͵İֻ⡣
ԡڵһʱᱻĨȥĻ̫̫⡣
һ˵طGˡ
⺢ǿ
Ҳ֪үҪ죬Ǿڸϣ
ʣ
ǰ㣬ʵѾˣ˭֪ͻȻ˻̫ЩűӱĶЩ̫ˡ
Ϲ鸮ϣ鹬ͳ
Ͼʵ̫ص
˾û취ȥʱ򻹵ٰһ˵ҲǲΪ̫ĵһ
Űֲһ飬˷š
飬;ٵ
ӡ
òһè̡
Ȼж顣
á
ޱȻԼΣһεĺá
һ̴ٵС
ͼཱུС첲ָҲ֪˵ʲô
ûжС˹ģСͿˡ
ͣ
С˵޾Ϳ
ֱһ壺̹Թԣʱ٣첻ˡ
С첲һ
ͶˣڴϣС첲ŬȦնյḷ́ѹЩס
ذܲסˡ
̱ţȴ˵ĽԼС
һˮĺ޿вٿҸһȭһ޶ͣ
̣¸¡
С
㣬пС
͵Сסͣӿḷ́ѹڴϡ
̣ҿппС


108 ̫ճ
ŴŴ˲, ͿĻܾ§һ
̣ѽèһ, е޿
طGǰ, ס̵ĺ콫ŵһԣѺͽȳü⣿
СӶˡ
һԹ, ̡
ֻ
طGҲ̾˿ֲ̿, ˭С
Ҳᱻеˮ
ǿװ, һµĳЦͣСཱུģеġ
˵Žŵĺ̽һԵĸ, ʾߡ
ͣ
ҵܵܰҲſأ϶㹻ɿڡ
طG
ԼԼɻС
˵, ͼϲɫ߽, Цȥѣ˵ҵĺӣгǸúӣ˵ͯʹ
ıµİ, Ǻ, 鼫ϸ£ҪĿ㾫£ݰ׵Сģһ֪Ǹɺӡ
ﶼ˹ζ
, ϵ
˵˿ϲ£ǲϲ, ٻؼȥǡ
ƳһСŮԼȷʵЩߵüĿ㡢촽һ覵ĸо
ͯͷ
ϵͷֻڼʹȳǵôүŵˡ
ǰʲô˶үŵģ˵ͯǴߴŮλá
ͳװɡ
ԷŸСŮôôŤ
ɡֱӾܾˡ
СŮ΢Щѹ޴Ŀָ̫¡

һȦϾܾˣϣЦŵ˾ͳˣôС¡
һƬž
طGźɫͻȻЩ⺢ƽͦϻۣôɵ
ˣ˰ɡ˵
ԥƬ̣ĳˡϸѡôãҪĺÿҪԸãףͳͿôһ
˰ˡӻС
ЩɻܾǵζһʱȴЩס
ǶǶ˵
ֱĹ⺢ɫɲܱͣǡ
ԳԳԣ֪ԡüԡ
źһ޹ӷŭа׵ָ⣬˴Դŭʲô
ͣ
Ҫ𣿡Ҳ̫ˡ
סС˳ûתƻ⡣Ȼ䣬;һʱЩ
ˡ롣
Ҳ˲ø˵Ťͷҿ㼱ææǵطGҲһۡ
ʰ׵ؿڱǹ˲ɢˣ˼Ŀźͣ뺢ӲϲСתҲͰˣǶ¡
ӻСȥƬ̣ȥ˵ڴǰź򡣡
ƳһۣѾߵģСġ
᲻ã
ɶ
СӦһ䣬תһԵĶ̵ʳ𡣡
ϲԳԳԡ
Σȥߡ
ԺúȺãŰϣ̵СŽš
ֻҪ귨ȥͲĥ
¿ζɲ̫á
˭֪
Զʲôʲô
ͼ˸С̫࣬˵үٻ̫빬
ͣ
շֿôһʱ̵ģҲôͼ棬ǰǺϲôˣֻ˵
Ƚ˹ͼǰźһۣˣֱǰһڣԼ
յڿ棬귨ⲻʡ
˵ţʵʵĴۡ
Ȼˡ
ΪѰӣ˭֪񵥣̧ͼЦĿϲ㹴
¶һζЦûиǾֱӰһţ˵СӲѡȫҪˡ
Ȼ͹ԹԵķӣԼܸȤĹһ㶼ûҪ
Ĵչգ۾ҪвУ
˲գʾζʮ㡣
ౡС
Ϊ˻ȡԼҪĶͰ;еᣬ˶ˡ
ˡþա
һźӣЦˡ
ͣ
զˣ˺ð죬Ҫ˼ɡ
ȫˡ
͵Բ˫һţЦԣѡˣȫġ
Ͷʱ׹ʲôѡѡģǺİˡ
һԹĿԼ귨귨
̿
ţԺ󻹻
ź;СЦ
ܿ͵˺͵
ǵϻ̫һʶðĺ¡أ´Ⱥ
ͱţ·˵ϸ
̩װһºڳͯȤ̨ϻڳԥ磬ǰ͸ˣ˾ΪϲյĿԥ硣
˾Ÿ˹ףԸܳ꣬һ
Ϊж
طG̨£º͵ĺͣɵɡԼӱֵĺãԼֵĺһ
Լԡ
С̫೪ĬĬ㣬ԼõЩǮ꣬ӦֲһǰĿա
˵н󣬰ֱӾóļҲơڰľıո
£ϣܺЩ
ϿСӣɵǳЦü͵ĿȺв˿
ڲ֪䣬ﱧŵСͻȻͳˣܹ硣
ͷۿˡ
뱧˵ϲ
Ϳϵˣյ߹Ŀ֮£סԼСԴЦеӵǶգĶ
£Ҳ̲סʪۿ
кͣǶˡ
ҡ
§סͣݺݵʾϽá
˲ûʲôоŮ˶رидΪһ̤ŹءǴû˻˵һ䣬ʲô֮Ļ
ԽԽɬϵ͸ۡٿ۶˵ֻҪӵĺá
ͻҪ˵ʲô֣߽ˣЦܵűǧġ
ǰһܵűġ
硪
̫ӡ
ţͷС̫˵
һ˵ʱ˻δӦȿſǸŹ߽ˣ˻Ȼ򡣾ͼһϮ׽£𹴣ʩʩȻ̤ˡ
Ƿ̫ӣӦɥ֮Ȯǣ̬Ρ룬жƾ֡
Ǹ緢̫ӻˡ
ϥһڵϣҪߵͷʱŻȻ֣ķ̫ѾҪݵ̫ˡ
طiǹ΢Цߵ͸ǰ۵С֣ҵĹ̡
ҧִϷʵɣ޳ָ΢кһ⣬ں;ȵĵɴ۾ʱЦ
Ŷͺȥָ⡣
žͺ
̫˰ȣסڵĸ̾˫Ŀطi
˴ӵЩⷢչˡ


109 ̫ճ
һֱš
Ҳطiͺͻ, ϾͻС۵ȣȻʲôǡ
Һطi, Ȼ޽֮ģǰСԴ, ֪Щ
ôŪģͺȥطiָͷָɾ, ɵøӺ档
طi, ˰׵ָ˹ĺ͵Դ, תȥ
㡣
ӵɵԶԣ̫ӶԴ򱻷Ϻ, ķٷչ
˻, طGҲһ, Ϊ̫ӵ֪Ա, ̫Ӳ˵ʮ˽, Ҳа˳ɵġ̫ƽ£طGͻȻЩ̫ˡ
źͰڰ֣Թǰ, תطiأ
ƽƽ
طi֣ˡ
ͼⱻƽһС
ܾЩ죬Щİ
ϴ˳С, ˸ŴЩ˵ҲǺĽ
ֱӷźܴ
С濪, ſ˼ˡ
ͼƽһľʵСз֮࣬ɵú棬Сི̫, ʻգڴпһ
ллҺϲС
طi̴ǣüᡣ
Сϲתѣ˰ѳȥֺǺǵֿʼӦꡣ
ȥ;ŹٲѧſӰڰ֣ǳЦŵѽԺǴˡ
طGһĵͷԣĴˡ
żʱ򣬿ԿķԽȥЦҲ˷ϲ¾ˬ
ͰСԴЦʲô󲻳ľˡסطG޳ֱĴȣཱུСٺЦ갢걧
ߺ
ǻ̫Ҫע̬طGһĮӡڿʼҪѧԺĮЩš
ڿʼԺױٸ߸ߡ
ͰСԴգգͳޣŴŴ걧ѽ
طGĺ֣СԴ˵걧㡣
ȻҪţס
ͿûӦС͸ǣطGһĮ˫־ͷϣСԴ˸ġ
طGָҪ̲סȴסˡ
ܹһ
ͱ˰ûȦˣίͰ͵ǣŶ֣ССʣΪʲôѽ
Ҳ֪üĿطGȴ͵ʱָ᣺Լ첲˰ɡ
طG
˵๫ġ
һۣǲˣ̿Լߡ
طGǰ۱С̣вĿһϡԷѹ£ҳüԡ
˻ıոһʱЩĬˣԺӰڵû½ŵĵط
񵥣ͷ˺ü
ǰ˿ͻȻʲôеõͲϧ
ڡ
İڸǰòһˡ
ĸʹСĸʢֱӷ䡣
ϣЦ̣ôҪʲôʲôĶļױ⣬ʹţʱʣʣ˵
ǻ̫ȱ˭ģҲȱġ
ϸжĲˣգգ۾Ϻ˵ôһѾ֮⡣
ôʼδж

ȣ
طGֶɤӷ

;СͣסϵĶ䣬ССĸ˵Ҹ˵˶סǮ
طG
ˡ
˵Ļүˡ
˦ȥ
Сӣ˿ţ˭Ųģǳ𣬲г𵱳ͱˡ
˵ģܲŲµˡ
üġ
С󣬵˵ĻʱܲС㣬ϸְᡣ
ȫת͸ĺܿġ֪ԼỨһ֣˵Ǹ˵Ĳˡ
СٲյԶˡ
רڳԺڷε꣬˶۵ĲСıոܴҲη֣⸮Сִܾ١
طGȥæˡ
ʩԼϻģ˿˵Ŀܡ
飬޲˯ڹϡ
ʱطiҲĹȥ๤ЦūϾ
ºһѡ˵
طiЩģ뿴ȵĵڴλӵʱ
˿̣Ǹ˪Ϊۡ龫ǵıա
طGܸоĿ⣬Ʊɱһʲôϲģܸ˵ܰŵĶᰲš
ϿҵĻطiĬƬ̣ѹ»ġ
ʧܣ⽫ȦأΪӲôҪԼʵѡ
ҪߣطGͬҪЩΪáطi˵ҪһƬ˵صʱЩ̫⡣
ȻһӣطGľᣬȴǰˡ
طiһ㯵ŲԶϦһͻܾô˿̵طiŸ񺹰꣬һֿ͸µĲɣ
ĸоǳ˳еģﰵ˼⣬Ҳп˵ĳ
طGطiЦطG᣺㲻غ£֪Լʲô
ǿ϶ƺ̨һܡǲ֪ƺ̨ݶطGλĿܰˡ
طGͷطi׺һ𳤴Ӱ룬֮н̵ʦ֮꣬óܾأ£Ρ
ԴǿУطiǵǡ
طiһůطGʱҲжյӷѿס
ϴϡϰˡ
ΪļȵߣƽĿ
Ҳá
طiطGļЦģµЩɲȡãǹģ񡣡
ǲõ˵
ͳ˵̫ʱܣȹЩӣͻ귨ͺˣλû㣬ֻҪǣҲУһڡ
طGº̵ͣ˵š
طiһʱǲǰĺʲôӣ֪ԺֻͬԼصʱһжˡ
е˵ŽĵĻͼñ˴˷ġ
ȳһѾƣطiһȥιڸۡʲô
һȦ⡣
ǰϲطGԸȻִ֣ȣϳЧõġ
첻ɣ˵¾Ͳð졣Ͳ͵ˣӡ
顣
˹סڵĿޣ˵İ˷ġ
ɫӵĿֵ֮ģֺοֵһ
ˡ
ʧȥ̫֮λʱ
㳤ˡֱӿ䡣
طiοҲһ󴥶򱡱Ĵ꣬ԴǹǳЦûȻϿֱ˴ߡ
ǱɽЩԽˡ˵
Ǹݺȥһе⣬Եøװ쵽
ļдѵʱԳɳ
طiһ㱣;ӦôԼϲ飬δŶԺǻԹҲʲôܡ
ھЩڡ
һЩô꣬һжڻ᲻̫ӣ
һжö֪
ǺطG̸һҿ̸һ
̤幬ŵʱͺΪԼĴʻеãָеɱ
̫ӣεȽԸ
뾡Ӻû뾡Ӻ˵ĵ
ôţǳЦ
ʱҲҲ
ߣ;ͻظ幬ĥˣһӣСԴһڣЦеôˣ
С˵á
ź͵ķӦ
СĴ˸ǷĵҪʮõϣ˭ĵȵʮꡣ
ûϷš
һ뻹ǣ˭ҵܷʮꡣ
ӡĥ
Ͷʱյûʲôһẹ̀Ŀӡ
гһջӵ¿첻ĥĥ·ϡ
ʵ̫ˡ
СͣĿʼӡ
̲סطi
귨ôϲҪһֱſèգգ۾Цһɰ
ͷ
͵ͷӲ׷ˡ
æţŹ̹˵ǵؽﻹеܳԣгɿ˹Żͦ
һģѿˡ
ѿǶ˼һÿѿܱǣǵһôˣѿʲôʡ
ҡͷʾ֪
飬Ҫ˵һҪͨ׶Ƴ
ͷԸ
仰˵úøо͸ˣƭˡ
ڹͷ֪ҲǱȽѵģЩСһ¿ѧչ
ʱڣ廹ǿʢĹңȵǬ¡԰ʱѾСˡ
;ǸС
СȣǸľͷߡ
Ȼڴ徹ȻҲǶһˡ
ǲס

û÷ͰڰʾūŸϽȥ
֪ΰִʲôŴоԺĳΣһ̵ѿг͡
Ҳû⡣
Ͼֻϰˡ
Ͷ뵽ʽĥóС
귨ʹչĿſ
ôˣء
Ժҵӣӣ峺͸¶ɻ󣬵ǸﶼҪӣڳ˻̫ܾø˳ˡ
㿴ǲǲ̫ʣЦе
˫ģһڴ̵룬ǻ귨ӦͲȥӡ
ˬ
Ҫءһѻ
˼Լǰһ۰ǰ
ýˡʲôӲӵģû
ͣ
͵ʴף
ԡ
ڿЦеУҭһ̾Լ̫ˡ
ɣҪСͱϡ
ҪȻĥʱǵòʧ
ϵ͸ˡ
æһϴСԴһһģرɰ
һЦϷ˸Сӣͷѹ;˳ſ˯ˡ
һӣһ߿˯û찵غ޲ˮú˼
Ҳ֪ⲽǶǴ
ôĺܲġ
СİѺͱһԵϣϱӣŻæ
ͣطi
;ۡ
浣Ժ
ţ˵üͷôڰ幬ֵîĵطˣһ˵߾ˡ
Ρ
˯طiĴ˸ǷߵǰѺ漷˼Լ̵ȥ
꣬˯һƿӾ§źˣ˿
һζֺǺǵı۾

һˣΪҵĲɡ
͸ܵԴԹԵ˻ûѣ͹Ŵס
طiܵˡ
ܵ˼ҵ̵жˡ
꣬˯ˣ
Ǹѧġ

ѧĺ´βҪѧˣ
طi۾˯ˣ±ʵʱ͸أΪʲôСֻ棬ֻԿĥ
ĥ
Ȼʵǡ
ҳ³˯̡
Ⱥ˯ѣ˱ڻЩ£СԴ˿طiˡ

Լ˵
ͷɻ
˯ѵ̣žͲ̫ӡ
պɫˮģһСζǲǸһ
طiЦϲ
ǣûˮϲ
ꡣ
ǵöĺܺãرխһҲΪˡ
С۵ҲҪ
һԵС̫Ͻź
طiҲ̹ĺŲˮͻȻǰҲ
껹ûȫģ̶رߡҪȻڸ幬ôĺŲˮ
ʾûۿ
ʱѧ͵Сˣ٩
طi˼Ƭָ̣΢̵СЦһӹ⣬Ӷһ
˵ʲôѧѧģˡ
ͬͷ
Լǡڵ
طiȴһᣬ˶֪ȴ֪߸µľ塣
겻֪
ﹰ˹ĴŹǷ̧ͷŴ
طi§ס§һ޻һš
ϲˡ
طiСԴһԵĵģǶǶ
ιˡ
طi
װͰ͵Ŀźָͣ
˫ģѹСΪۣһһ
ͣ
˴С̵±飬ܵѽ¡
طiΣ
ţ귨ǲһһС
ӷˣС֣䣺ѽðܴ̳Ե𡣡
طi
ڿЦıУһ
һһСģСԴʣС𡣡
Ͳš
ʷȷʵдӶʳԶ̫ᷢӡ̫֮䡣
طi
ġ
һĵͷ֪Ϊʲôô𣿾СԳġ
طiڴĿС̣˵ôˣ̿϶ſ޵໵ģ⵽ʱٺ塣
鲻ˡ
ò˵Ϊ̫ӣ̫úøϵ̫ܽෳա
ͳŵģһĿôܹܡ
û
طiôҲ̶õСˡ
㿴ôԵġװĺ档
룬ݸطiһģЦеԡ
˶ɵˡ
طiʲô˼


110 ̫ճ
, Сɵ˫峺ǰһ
طi޶á
İѺͷ£طA׵λãյȲ衣
أطAһ䡣ǰ֮ǰ, ЭЩ, ϾȻڴ˴š
, ֱ˴˼ĲС
طiҲ, طAһۣļ, ŲĳŪû, û, ƫá
طAУ΢, ü۵ʹľС˶֣֪ôԷķιӡ
طAɫӱ, Ŀطiȭͷָı̫, Īүǰ̫ӵס
Ȼһ£Ѿע֮ü۹˾
طAЦžŲյ, ˼Ҫȡ
طiװû, 
Ƽߵü۹˾ú˼ֱǰȻ̫ӱͷ, ڰΡ
ƽȻҲᱻ۸
žΣУԺʧȥ̫֮λǻûطiùԴڿʼ
Һĥ
ڴеطK˵еĺţо̲ܣеʯɽ
ܣȴֻطЩС£˾źĽ
ͳôŵ¶һ¡
ԼڻҲǹǮӣطKȥǺʣСȥЩ˼
귨þŰһʱĲΡ룬Ӧͦõġ
ǿ֪͵ȰطK
Сüͷ˵ǲǺˣҪţ룬ȻСǰ¸һοſڣ͵ͷӦʡ
ɡơ
طi죺Ƕأ
գһԵĿԷڴʱ
һʱš
طAЦĿ˵ǶǷ̫ӣΪ̫λвǾͱ̶ȵҲ֪ʶű
˭֪
С°ͣ˼̫Ӷĺÿʫ飬ҲȺǸëˣ˵ȥĸŵûˡ
⻰طiٿطAλγЦ񣬾Եķŭ
һ˵ΪԼܿסģ룬֮£ȫѣܡ
ù°̫ӣһлҪ߳
ҲܣĽӡǲΪ̫Ǳ뾭Ľ׶Ρ
˶Ĭˡ
ͷͷԷ籩̫ӶôӦ÷ĸְλϡ
ڸ󣿡ɡ

طi
طA
ʺ
ô죬ΪûƨôС
ڸ󡭡
طiɫ˫ĺͣڽӴĶˣȻ֪ǸͽпɰС
ھڸ
ΪȨŦģлģ׾ٵļܿ
ôҡ
طiܾʱһֳ䶨ɬС
֪ûϣȴ̲סڴ
һԵطA˿
ʹ˴С֣ͼذǲܵĻӣ
ٺһЦ˫ӣĥĥ
СЦҡͷ
ǻڸɣǶ˵ġʹ
ڸӶδˣôõĵطΣͰѶڻ귨Ƥӵ¡
б޻ûͷء
Це߸¡
ƴڻĬˣܾٶۿɼı
طi鸴ӡ
˼⣬ԼѺ͵λȡ֮ɷܺ޽ٵڸҪλá
ǲᡣ
̹˱Ǽһᡣ
ȥطiһʱ䲻֪ԳƣǹǶǶʡˣֻ˵˲ȥ֡
˵ȥԥĺʺڸ
ȥȥɡͿĹգһĥ
¶ձֵǽҳ١
ôҪȨôܲĶطiڸ̫ӡ
ڸ󡣡ܾ
򢣺ȥ°һһһѪеػ塣
طi
λãôػˡ
ͽͣ˵λòǽʹ⽻߻Ҫ˽ʦĳĵ񣬻Ǻصġ
룬;˷
ȰȵĽһͨ˼ǵŶǳΪһǿ
طi
ȥ°ˡ
áˣ
طiͺλãѹͨвڡ
һԵطAסӰ֡
Ȼֽˡ
طi̴ǣҲЩˣ¾Ǵλ󲻶ϣܶҲ°빦
ˣЦߡ
δżͼһֻСϻ˽Լë׵Ĵצӣź͵ƨɵȭ
طG洫
ͣ
Ƭ̣ͻȻõСϻĳʱˣʱιһҲ
Ƕż˲
Ȼ幬ŴʧɫС̫ࡣ
İСϻƨȭҵң㡣
طi
һֻѾżĿɿڴ
Сӿζͦء
һֻϻĵ
źηɵЦ
Ȼع칬̫ĳȥµֵˡ
ôһ뻹ͦ˷ܡ
˷ܵطKŰ˸ôãʲô¶ûţ˭֪ͻȻ콵ڱ
طȴüͷĹʲô£
طK⣬ЦеС¶С
ͷһ£ʲôأ˵ͷڵšǿŰ˸̬ȣҲףⲻǰ˸ġ
ѱ
˵طiȥµֵطüͷҪȡλòɡ
Ȼ֪µֵʱ˶ˡĿŵλõˣҪϲεһֵ
˭
ȻȥֵѾõĽˡ
޴ѡ
ҪĻж
ת磬ֱʮŵſڡ
ʮ壡Цеĺ
ط·ϣǴʦģ˶Ų£ȴʮڱӣȻЦһ˲䣬˵ˡ
̫λò
ɧˡ
̡ЦŸк
յܹǣסط֣۰Ͱ͵Ŀ͵ҳȥ𣿡
ԭȻϴ֣ǵȲΪ̫󣬷һӣ֡
ˡ
СطֱӾܾ
̫ϵ̫Ҵš
;СͣĿ
ʮĻˣңȻᣬ붼Ҫ롣
ˡһ̾
ֹ¶Կɡ
طGͼطڴ˴ĵͷк
طĬĿβźɬĸ硣
ʱ˾طG
ʣװ̹࣬ϣ̫عأлϺú˵
ȵ֮Ļʤ
Ȼ񳤴ˣȴЩѡ
طGƳһۣתˡ
ط
ðɣһˡ
رˡ
ˣˡ룬·
ͣ
ɶˡ
СϻᣬһĵĿôˣͶ֪
ط
Сϻɶû
ô󣬸÷Źɽ˰ɡһǹ
Сϻͷ̾˿ĲˣˡϾûоѵǸ峺ȴιĵ
ҲǡطСϻŤͷߡ
Сϻ
СϻԴЦеԹԣƤ
طG߹ɨһȦûƼطӰҲûʣֻȥ顣
Ϳ
˻̫һ㲻á
ﶼŶ顣
飬ررࡣ
ӡ
òһè̡
飬Ű۵Сƴؿʼ껹Ҫףѧ١
ͺס
͸ңỺ䣬Լǻϵ걻ա
ҵĲˡ
طG
̧̧Ḻ̌ޣٿ޳㡣
ûģ
һҭԹԵĿʼָ
룬ȥ͸״ð˯鷿ȥˡ
Ȼ
֪Ҵδһôˣĸ˯һ𡣡

طG
СԴЦе˯͸㿴
ˣű§˯źӶûˣ϶ٹǵӹء
طGˣһ깦
Ȼ
Ҫ˯ʱССĸϸ״˵˵ȭڿĿۣܲܽаȥ鷿˯
طG
üԣҪͼüͷȥ鷿˯
طG
ȥ
ȿͷ˯ϰˣʵ̫ˡ
ź͵εСӣ۾̤ǰ⣬žһš
ˣԼ˯ɡ
ţ͵ıǼֻһԶЩıСͷ
ͣ
ɨسˡ
Сҽһź󣺡￪š쿪š
Һѽ
뿪ţȴطG֣ףػĹûС




ȣյһţ§ӦСϻԼԺȥ
͵ʴס
Ȼʼ磬Լϴϴ˯ˡ
ռҲͦõġ
СϻѴԴڴϣ۾
һֻ۰׵СѾڱ棬СϻñָƽȥСĵűӸϣ㡣
ңǲ
ǲġ
Ⱥ˯ѡնһСϻͱ۾¶СѾñǼƽȥĵӡ
ԡĴǷ
̵ϴȥ
ʱǺܾ˭С첻
ڻ˸糯
Գæץʱ˯ҪȻ˯ԼСӡ
ҡ
طiǰ棬͵͵Ĵ˸ǷĶССʣ𣿡
طiȣϰˡ
ȷʵϰˡ
Сˣôȥ˯Ҳ˯š
Ĵָ۽Ǿ߳ˮһ̾Ŀ۽ǵۣ˽
һϳһ̫೪˲֧
е糯ᴦҹ£սȺ壬顣
Ȼ糯Ͷҵģ˼ײͼ˵Էһѵ顣
ż
ˣľк˼ζ³ſ죬͸˼ˡ
ͰСԴԵġ
ˡ
ҡͷԵˣǺúš
˵žŹţ˵óųһ㡣ϽƴǣʵһţԲò˵θۡ
ƫǰһݣŴźţЦϲʲôܶԵͺá
͹ԹԵͷ
СĹĹĵģǳԶĲᡣ
ش󣬳Զ
Ե㣬Ҳˡ
̵ţźͳԱģȵĽա
Сèһ
Цŵ
;ͰŰ۵СٺЦſЦ귨Ҹ˵ѧһµġ
üʲô
㡣ӡ

㡣ĵƤˡ
;ͺٺٵЦ̵ȵʱ֪ˡڻֻǸС뷨
Ĳˣƫƫֲ˵ʱһ١
˵ĥȥ
Сſһȥӣǰֻø밲ӣ˳ˣǼܿ졣
ţͿһӣдţʲôүǰ֪Ǽҵģֵܶ࣬վס٣ūžǸ͵֧ģҪ
ʹסдҲ̫ϸˡ
֪İԶ࣬ͷĶСҲ֪ൽֵز
ϽǵƿǾˡ
ͳ念¶Ĵָܿ꣬껹ܼסĲˡ
˵ţ˵طiˡ

в˻î
ϲôʱʱ̳̿ǰЩܽܡ
ûԼ¶Ҫæü
طiǰһЦелģر𼷳ʱѲ¶æŹ밲ģġ
üģεİڰ֡
ǽְֺޡ
طiϾ͹ЦҪİǰͷʮıȻععˣһʱڿǰͻе
ǰһӣСüͷͷҲ̧еʺ޲öðˡ
ػ㲻ꡣΪʲôͿꡣ
˵С
ƾʲôæţСЦеҹ󣬷һԵ
Ŵߴߴ˵ţٵһЩͳôţŪ֡
طi
ǿġ
տڰ˵ҹ󣬾ȥð֮Ķ
ɮȡü
룬ݻͦ񣬵һȡ·ɮô
š󷽷ĵͷ
ٺһЦαҪʮģϾ죬ǲܴ²ǣǽ졣
طi
Ǹһ翵ķܶĿ갡

ÿîȷʵͦ͹֪ı
طiˡ
үһͨȫˡ
ɣһǰɣüͷһͷƻˣȻд飿
źͣôԣôġ
׼𣿡ʡ
ͶԼڵĺӣһϷǧأδʧֵʱ򡣡
дŷλ
˽Ҳ
˺
طiнҵͲˣͷ֣ɵüͷ
֪ʲôȴҪĸۡ
طiգȷ
һƶĵͷӦϷ򣿡
ˣָţú˵
û˵ϷԳϷ
ˣ
ͣ롣


111 ̫ճ
طi˫΢, 𴽽ǣ¶ЦЦЦŵ㿴ʲô
ɫ쳣, ̽ͷ, һ۾̲סס, °, ۾ɣ޵û
˽Ͳҽһ, ȾܡŴߴߴС, һԵ۾Ŀ, ͷһΣյطi¶ֺõЦݡ

װĶ
װĶ
̵װĶ
˫ֱȭ, Ҿر졣
طi˵ֽ, ۵ڻ, Цŵһֽ, һӵǮ
ô崢, ôûƽԼĸʷ
ͣ
ؿڣŤͷŹ˵Ͷƽȥ

ë, ôα˵ëԼĿ
ɺͳ
Ȼطi, ֪ǹǮĬϵһָŹʱᡣ
ūűⵣطi֪ԭĸһӻƽȥ
ĥ, ðôǮӦ࣬ټع칬ÿһ̶ҪǮά֡
ѵÿֱӸ׵ˡ
ˣ֪˵ЩǸһɰˣ˵ҲԼģԷ̫ӣȻ岮
ͻȻˡ
Ĵ˸Ƿճá
Ƿһ룬ͣסˡ
죬һأǷеࡣ
ûһ㾫ûһ㾢

ƽ
ΪС̫ϵͣ޲ÿÿ붼ڻ
ͻȻú
ˡ
ԭЦתһ룬ȷʵеϣǽӡȣһ˵ҪԳԺȺȳȥ棬˭
⼸ղǣģûʲô
ҽֱӵ
Ϳ۽߳ˮ飬Це˵Ǵ﷦ĴҪ̫ҽˡ
ȴܣɫصź͡
طiЩӣű˺õĽң滹ƤӡۣǷǰȻֻģЩദֺĺܺá
һ棬ҲĻϸĵչչ壬ܵů
տҲնġ
ǰ۵СȦģ۽߳ˮ⣬ɵøЦˡ
ĪҪ伲ҽס
һԹʲô伲ҽͲԼˡ
ҽˣһ̲סüЩӳʲôһʣūžͰѷʳóҽ
꣬òû⡣
Ҫ˵ҪЩõģżطiһеζҽһأүƽʹʲô㣿
طiԼĸ첲üͷ񸮷ġ
ǰȻǴȫĺ㣬ڣѾǵ̫ӡ
ʽѬ㣬ҲȻ
ҽüϸţطiڵɫУؿڣ㡭򲻿ʹ
˵գͨһڵϡ
ϾԴ˵עӣѹܴ
ʵۣ̫ӣ̫
Ȼг
ͰСԴΧطiţüͷǣʲôⰡ
֪ҲͦǿģûǾû⡣
ҽ˲ǵĺ˵Ѭ⡣
ü
Ѭֻһһǻع칬ҽ
̫ѬзӦѬղһӻ飬Ըصľ
ͣ
Ҳ̣
˵Ҳǹţû£ֱ˵Ҳ̡
ҽ룬ô¡
һأô˵ûסЦطiһãȻЦ
ҩʲôãʡ
ҽص֮а岹ѣס
ɫһ䡣
һӣūֳȥԼŴ񣬵дŤŤ֡
Ŵ²⵽˭
ڲط飬޵֮ʱһݣֱӳѡ
ˣЩ赶Ūǹˣò˫ȫ
ֻû뵽ôУһֲԣǴطiǰʳˡ
¹һ񣬺ܿ챻ˣʲôǡ
ڣȦеûЩ¡
˵Ļָʹ
Ĵ˸Ƿһѣ۾˯
Ҫ
˯£۵Ĳˣޱ㣬˯ɡ
һ۾˯ˡ
ҽֶԲߣôŶ˷ӣһ߳ҩ֭ӣһģҪ೦
ȺˣǰŵƷʽ̬ʱͱˡ
ҩ֭⣬Ҳ⣬೦
ǲ⡣
ҽͿĵȰ˵õĿ졣
ͣ
õĿ죬á
һẹ̫̀ƨɵӹ೦ɺͳ
Ȼ
طiڴܶ𣿡
СȻ޹λãȻŬҪǨŭ뿴ùĿӡ
ͣ
ҪҪȾܡ
벻ԣȥת˽귨ҵ׻귨ʹã
ԼСƨɣҪҪ
Ҫ
è̹СһԹʹѽ֣Ϊʲôܿҡ
ͻȻǰһ
Ҫ೦ܿ𣿡
طi
ס͵С˳ЦӹǿҩҪȼ
ʹס
˵ֻң
Цͷ˵ֻһûˡطiȷʵҲҪҩ඾ŵıȽϿ죬Ӧǲġ
ԼСջ
Ϲ೦
Σֻ˵Ҫ⻹ãǾֻܰҽ
Ͳĵͷ
ʼԼãܹõĺܿ죬ǲҩ೦
µƷʽ
һˣƨҲÿһ⡣
òһ̡
ҩӣСװ׵ģ·̣ŵмǫǫζڡ
˼ֹ龫֡
ɰѿ۵ĹǺ˵Ҫú
һʱԺޱᡣ
ͣ
ַֻ֪˵ĥʲôʱȥҺûܹ೦
ôŶ˵޿
ҽ졣
Ŷⶾˡ⸱еҲûӡ
ͰžµСһԵĿҸӣ
ʲôʵܡ
ãЪЪ§ڻıп滹ã
۰Ͱ͵ĿҾںҩҵľ񹥻Ƚء
Լˡ
ҽôΪҲôΪطiӿʼôΪڹǸ㹬С
ȻҲˡ
˵ĻʹûУֱ׵Ľ
һطiĬˡ
ָ֤ң˼
˵ҲЩˣϾһʯļƲȷʵܺá
ͰСԴһԵĿ᣺ǣ
ˡ
һ̣е㶫
ͷ֤ݶָ㣬ȻԷһ⣬һ𣬲ʲôþ޵֡
ǶģȻһ̣Զܶ
طiͷͿƲԷӦǶԹһ˽⣬ֲ㹻˽⣬֪ţ֡
ñ޷ļƲߣһ֪⡣˼ϻ⣬ǲԡ
ͷǱıƸιġ
ڿϣǺ׼ġ
ͳ
Ҫһʯ񡣡°룺ûϻ̫ҳǾǶһܣڣҵϻ̫õѡ񡣡
ΪСҳʮ꣬ൽϲ
ԼཱུС°ͣ˧ˡ
ԡطiʹͷ
ƾٺͣôԭ򡣲ǻ̫ӻǻ̫ȻڻʼҴͳʧܵļʴˡ
Ϊ̫ӣǿʱɱǹġ
Ͼͳ˭ҲȲ

ܲܲҪЩ̯˵
Ūֲ˼ġ
˶һۣĬĬֱʼŲ飬ҡͷ񡣡Щֵܣ侮ʯţأš
ط
ֶ֪ûʲô
Ҳͷ
еġ
ǻ˭˼
˵ţͷС̫˵ʮ߰˵Ѱ̫
Ҫȥ˵ط
ͺͬСУžǶ˼ֳȣûке鶯
Сһ
͹ˣҲȾϼֵĲº͡
ǵĿźͣ˵㲡ˣϽ
ҡͷĿԼС飺û£ġ
طԹԵĵͷӨ˫̺
˵һֱŵСݸͣǸ㱸ŵġ
ͣ
СһʱĬˣиɰ͵ĵģɫߣˡ
İĶȫˡ
طᡣ
Ȼ껹Сʲôûеʵ֪Լóʲô
ļҲ͸㡣
˵Ž˰СóݸһԵطЦеⶼĶҪ
鷿ʱ˹ϵͦõģһ˻̫һѰӣټѧĶһһرһ
͵Ծûô¶
ͷͷ˽ɵЦˣǳȥ棿
طһĿźͣ½ǣЦеѽ
߿תߡ
طͷŸźͺһߡ˳˸幬ţطԸܵԭĲһˡ
Χūţʱ򣬾·߹밲ǿӻƵ°ڣͨһ͹ˡ
ط֪ԭڹĲعء
͡
ԭȾͺܷǿԸţӷΪš
طĽˡ
ѹ֪ٻ
ط̵룬ūŲ۸ˡ
ͷ۸㣿
ط죬Ͱ͵ҡͷ
ʱҲ۸͹ˡȻûǵģӸ⣬ʲô
ҪǷˣССǲֱĽ
ܡ
Ͱļ룬ݸЦŵЩʱգϣû԰һ£˾֪ʲô˼ˡ
߽ôһ⣬϶ҲЩЧġ
ô˵طԹԵͷ
ߵ԰ߣ£Ÿտĺɻ
ˮᡫطҡͷԵʫתͷźͣžϲ
˵ž£۾ȴź͡
šӦ£ϲ´λ
˵ŽȡСҪº档
ҼˮĸָšͶһˣˮҲ޷طڣҪȫ׼
ʰã˲һˮ
ҶȵⶼסˣдУŵζرĺš
طСϣգͲͣĺҶЦС
ôģ
š
ط񣬾ĺһμʱʹһܡ
Եʻᣬִһطӵ޷С»ῴɫĹк
뵽Լꡣ
İطGڻʹȻҲ緢ǵÿϲʹţȥһȥ
һԹʹϲŭ޳Ƥϲŭɫıɽ
Ȼ֪ܶĿʹ
룬˼֧ҶݸһԵˣͻȥطG˵ˡ
ӵҶطG
ϸϸü⿴źҶЩԣڹ˼գͻȻûͶǰ͸
طGźҶȥϣʲô˼
ûһֿܣҶ󣬲ǸͨҶˡ
ûʲôĺ塣
طGźԸΪҶ塣
̯֣˾ͺá
ȵЩŻıոС첲һ·ɱųϡ
СǼ𪣬µСͯӣϾۼˡ
̡Ÿ첲ӵ
˿ıԷ
Ȼ
طG۾˿
Ҳڳ
Ǻ͵ûϵҲû
ü
̤ǰչ˫ۣȫڻŬֻҪԷԿ磬ĸԶһЩ

Ҳ
ԹԵˣطGܺܺõıסͲˡ
ںߵʱطG첲һɣЩ˦ˡ
طGϵıϣһԵĺһֵµҪˤϵʱ򣬱طGŽָˡ
ʹס
ⰢమЩ˺ˡ
̿ͦҵӡ
طGϰȣͰѺͷһԣĵؿһЩˤ
ϰȵطG޵
ͣ
Ŭĵƽ⣬Լһƨɶ׶ڵϣˤ졣
ꡣ
ŭ
谭ͶױҲͰˣȻˤ
è̿ߣ𣿡
⻰ʵطGĬˣһԵĸüش𡣡
۵ҪطGȴ֣ɵǡ
طGֹһֻ̯ƽ׵ģȻع˼
𾪵˫
6˵
666޻˵
طGüʲô˼
һСӾûƨ
Լˤɰ˰ƨɵӣίͰ͵ĵ᣺˼ǰӢ䡣
طGš
ϿźȦˣӣ۵ĸϽǰСƨɣοûû°
Ͷʱ˷ѹһڴܱҲˤƨɶ׶𣿡


112 ̫ճ
ϳĬ, Ҳա
ˡ ڰŤͷߡ
طGЩԣŶĽŲߵߵǰߡ
, طG˹, ü͡ϲƤӡ
Ȼ
ܿͺ˵仰
ΪͱлҪƤĶࡣ
ǱҪ󣬸ϲðһ㡣
ͼǣ˵, һĶ˵кҪעⱣԼ, Сӱ, Ҫ̫ˮΣգ˵ǳˮвʪЬ
طGϻο, úǳ, ֪ı, ֻĴ, ʹ, ӱ, Ҳ
ǱŸ̾Ͳһ, Ҫʱʱ̻̿ȻϾˡ
ôġ
ͼСѾȥˮרĿȴûעԼ, ͨһ
ﻹקź͵С֡
ڵĶһһͷˮʱ򣬱طGۼֿס

طGü⣬Ŀ
ŵĹǺɵ̧طG, ˤС
˵ϽС첲ȥˣһǵʣôǺ𣿡
ҡͷϽӺһˣһͦģ
һꡣ
طGЦ˵ү֪ʲôп
ԼĴںཱུСƨһǣʲôСӱߡ
ͣQAQ
ġ
㲻һġ
˭֪úõģ˵ȥˡ
ЩĿˣ𣿡
Щ̫ã˵ǿЦЦطGĬ£Ͻݻȥˡ
͡طGһ̡
Ҳǹġͱͷ
ԼװСĵˮȻúõһͨˣʲô˼ûȥȥˣʵϧĽ
۰Ͱ͵Ŀˮ棬ڹȵȥ᲻ᱻһ١
ĺˮ
ܸ꣬ҽ𣿿ɹ̫ϴ裬ͺʵɹ̫ˮֱ˵ǲǵί
СϻߵߵܹˣСֻһվȣ׷ˮ
ͱҵʱˣСϻƨɣԼжأûһ𣿡
ˮͻȻһ
ĳ̶ֳ˵ȷʵˮĿĴﵽˡ
͹װȥ̣ˬĲˡ
ڰϵطGͼССֻֻ̣Сϻ˽û취ϰһ׹䡣
Ŀѡ
طGԥֱźǸСӣŵĲˡ
ٵʹΣȴͱСϻֲȽˮʱˡ
ºͱˮ
Ȼ͡
֪Сϻں棬ȥҲţںˮ﷭ţһβ㡣
طGһˮΧͨͨȫխС˲ڲ
͸СϻγȥԶСֻԴ˶ԣխСӸȥ硣
طGĻŵ˻Ƴͣ
ˡ
δȥСӣʲôԸꡣ
޴Լġ
ʹˮطGͨ˫һͻԹԵεطGǰʪܵꡣ
طG졣
۽ĹĴΡ
ͿŰǱӣ׹ˣɢһˮݹڼϣϣ¶ʵļ
ϢٵܹүϰϽ
ȻطG죬ѴС綼ںϣ۷۵Ȧˡ
һ޴룬طGգգۣ۾ˮˡ
ǿн͡
ͿطGȦҲźˣˮá
˵ײϣѶȻ֪Ƥӵ£һŹ̳ȵġ
֪
Ľᣬܾã񲻹ʲôǰӰӡ
᲻Ծĸ̡
ڵ᲻αưˣһز⺢ʧȥͶʼֵôʧȥĿעӡ
ϾӺλȷʵزĵճӲŲʣ˵ۼģǰѾˣ
ʼǻѪ
䡣
룬ӦطGʶطG
ꡣЦˡ
ﲻþˣ֪һˡ
ͰСԴһԵطG⿪Լ磬ðҲȦԼ
ֻ¶һԲСԴ
Сϻˮһ֪ԼѴڶĻ̫ŪˮȻ˦ˮ
طGһƴƨϡ
Сϻһ֪һԹԵıԴˡ
طGıźȥͨӽԡͰС첲ϴˢ
ȣ;ãǸϴ裬ɱ
໡ۡ
㡣
طGԡͰ̣ԼԡͰ˳
̤ë̺ϣˮһʹţ
Ҫ㡣
͹ԹԵıС̫౧ȥϸ£۵Сˮˣŷƨɵϵ⣬üͷףٵСӣ㳢ˮ̵ζ
Żνˮ̣Ӱŷŵˮ򢴦΢£ˮ
ĥۣ顣
֪ĵζ
ͣ
С첲˴걻ųļƤεˡ
è;ÿ£ŴߴߴԺ󲻻ˡ
𼸸ָ˫ģɵ졣
ء
ġ
ԺԲٵˮ
ȫ֮ˮ
žЩԣϸ˼־رԣֱӻ죬Ͻ͸ůЦŵ˺Сӱҷġ
ѽ§
С
ЦţطGˮˣɿ£׵ϵûýᣬһˡ
갢ꡫ۾һ̵ľ˹Це갢ˡ
طGֽüͷ塣
ͣQAQ
㣬;ܾҡ
ߡ
ߺ˻ϻ̵ˣ롣
طG𵶵̫ʦϣ紵£¶ʵţӹϣĿźͣӱ߶Σ֪𡣡
ˮСز;
ǲ飬ʤ
֪жţ޲֮
֪
죬ǰ氢££ѣͰ꣬ϡ
طG
ôɰ̣һʱ䲻֪һʲô
ԩ
͵СˮΣգԺˡ
ͷͷ
Ż귨ǲ˹һͨȻˣ޵˼
һȥͺʵ͹ԹԵĸڿӡ
Ѭô£ʣôˣȻ֪˭
ƳһۣСԴЦ֪
šͼæͷ
Ȼ֪뵽ˡ
̴ǣָԼǼ⣬Цף
;;ƨɣԹԵ׿һ˵˵
СԴһ²ˡ
˸
üԼµˡ
virtueͻȻӢ
Χ˶ûǿˣС˳ЦѧĲټһ
ͣ
ҪҽһԺҲˡ
ѽ귨װĻ귨ָҪ
Ǻ棺ô³ģϾھĬûдĵʲô
ͺٺЦ
ܲ˵к͵ӽǣκζıոõ鶼ĸо
ûɵģô롣
ǰƣЦŵĥ
Щеûġ
һȳӵ͹Сÿʼ˭䰢ӷ˼ϡ
ƫƫǻֱ̫ϵ˶ɾĹάСã˾Ҫ𷨣Ե
Ūõ಻ԡ
ͿǰཱུСʮߣѧŴ˵ӣСЦеô棿
طСЦЦ˫ģˡɫЩ΢ĲȻںûע⵽ʱһš
ǸǡͽĺɰݸһԵطЦеϲͳǸ㱸ŵġ
ģɵĻطĥ͸ڵϣСǳݵźͣܺã͵Сܰף۾ǹŴЦݡ
ҵܰطڻ
գգ۾ͻȻ̫յ۾ۡ
ʲôӣæҵĸᡣ
طһӲӲǣЦŵǳԣҸˡ
˵˵Ҫ飬ˡ
úѧϰϡͺ
طڰ֣նվԶˡ
Ⱥͻ˸幬ԥƬ̣ǵط񡭡
ˡ
ϾǸӣ͹ͲóܵģʵЩס
̧޵ǻѶˡ
ʼͯꡣ
˺̡
ŶͶˣǵ͵ĵ곤ھҪǵɡ˺á
͹ĥȥ˹ĥҲá
źϻ̫ı˶˵Ҫʧˡ
ѾƳµֺ̣˾ЦطmСС̺вСɿɰǸޡ
͸ſ˼ΣЩϲˡ
ɰطmС
ˣ㲻֪ɰ˫ȫõá
бƣ
˵
;СͣѵͲǻ귨ɰСɰ𣿡
סˡ
һ

ա
׼·֣Це޻ĥ
͵УΡ
үԶһӣһֹ£Ϳ鲢ȫϾСʶҲ
Ȼ۲ͻشĽǶ벻ģϲģõһĴ𰸡
˼ĺ棬Ŭè̵ıԸժȥ
ӡŴߴߴ
˯ˡ˵
˯
˰ƣЩͷϣȴͷܺܺõڻ˯
ͣ
ƲЩ˯ţЩܣ˯Ĳ
Ҳ
һαʱཱུСڻûһ
ڣѹȲ˵Ҳԣ̫ˣŲˡ
ȥóӺͳ
Ը
ƽҲûͳôҪʱ򣬾ͳϾնڸǰûһ
Ӻͳƺ󣬿ˡ
ʮųӣ
Сġ
ͣ
ôݣҲûôݹ
˶𾪼ˡ
һöԷ̫֣һԼ̫ݡ
ӽ쿪ʼ
ӽ쿪ʼ
ҪٳԵද㡭
ҪٶԵ㡭
ͬ˵˵Լˣεܳˡ
ȻȱԵġ
ûȸߵСӣʲôʱôˡ
ֱ벻
;µСϹίԼܳԺܶܶࡣ
ܶܶ⡣
˶һۣӿпеĵ˼ϽĥĥԱ˲оɻ
èҪǲ㹻֬ôȹϺ
ܣǿɰè̡
죬ȵͳʱڣֲЦŵúøɣȥ
˰æĥȻһ¡
ȥطmȥȥ԰
ܱʼ顣
ëʶðˡ
һȦͻæеΣʱϴһѹ߿źĥ߳ԡ
۾ӣѾȥСͣҳһڡ
ӲóԣЩɬЩ顣һĺ˵˵
͸ţóԣʵ۵Ŀڡ
ˡ
һɵСġ
Թڡ
Ҳˡ
طiͥŲĽ幬ЦеĺͿкĥĺͣЦеڿߣ˵źҸѳԣʵʰĶԼ

û׼ûߣҲû޵ѳԡ
𣿡۰Ͱ͵ʡ
𣬿ġطiһڣ̵ζڿǻбŷ
ʿˮ
Եô𣬸š
ҳ
طi治ɫжģо̡
ſƵĿ⣬ķ̫ãЦеԣһˡ
ҲͲٶ໰
ĥĺ͸ǰһһţԵĺǿ֡
治óԡطiӿӲٳһѣ̵ĳˡ
˺ﳤȥ

طiıӰһӣ֡
Ȼûʲôá
طiԶˡ
ֻʣĥĺͷܱʼ顣
طGҲææźһԾơ
ûأĥòͽūűʳ˵ȣþƣڰٻʢͤĺ
Ϧ޺áп
һ̫⣬ŬĴ̴Ʋ㣬¶ݲҫ۵ĹâǰĹӹðݣеڱǻơ
й̻
ͣƱүһԸү
˵꣬طG޳ָڴǰꡣ
Ը˵Ͳˡ
ɱһ¶ǣ߾һĨ죬˷ϼ
ͳ
ӣ򣬺˾ƣӶüӯӯطG˹ָЦŵү
طG濴ʱϸ׵ָطG򢣬³ĿһڣЦ¾Ʋˣζ
طGݵĹ𴽽ǡ
ˣݵ㣬֪ؾʦˡ
ѹֵİơ
죬ЦֲǾӣʲôؾʦҲܲ
𣿡طGü


113 ̫ճ
, ֶȥ԰˼ίԼ
ȷʱ١ѹûе, Щ죬ʵʲô, ˵Ӳ, 
˯
١ѹ˵Һ, ȴȻͷףβҪ, ֻҪʵ˵ãҪˡ
˰ᵽ԰ûЩ, ͽĻ·ֻۣС𣬽Щ
طG֪ʱ, üͷ, ò˵, ֪Īĸ, ֪ĸĪӣ֪Լ״, û뵽Ს
Ⱥʣʲôˣ
һãȻʲô
طG, ֪Ҳǲ֪ģԼ鷿һҹû˯, ڶգĬĬȥ
ȶԷӦͨһڵϣѹ¶أź򲡴
ǲŲʣ͸Դ
ЦЦТǶԵģŹȥ޿ͣеᵽԺȥ
طGӦ£ͻȻЩ£Ĳ²УӦǵʲôɻ䣬űͷ
ȡıȽºͲֵķӣΨһ˵ľǵ
Ȼô׾ٵľߣطGһҪôǵ֮ﲻأҪôѾ֮ʣԲôʹ졣
е㺦¡
ȰѵӵС԰;ͱŲù˵Сܹ˲
طG˲׹ⶨȻǷˣŵƣƽ˫ѹʣ⵽ô£
ȻţҲʰ޵ļΪƯ֧ббɨһطGû˵
һŰˡ
ŵʹĮüۣطGһȵĳ׵Ъš
˵ž͵˼СŮһչ˵һԴöȣС԰õġ
æȥ˵޺Т˳ʲôһ˵ˣͿѵ˵ҪڵǰТ
Ǹúӡ
طG
ҪԹģľҪˡȻϣҲ޻˵
գһЦ
ı飬طGˣ԰׵ɫȴһĸо޲ðãˡ
ת
һԵɫĬĬظ󣬲طGļ˵˾ˣְԼ鷿
ϵǼˣȴ־ͦõģܵʧ󣬲ķ¡
Щܴ꣬ĥҲͰˣ͸ܶٴĥӣӵӣܵĽ
ߣүλᰮ޶˵Ҳ֣Ȼ˲ĺӡ
Ƽ͵ʱ޲ðӵеõĶ
סţԽˡ
տʼܸطG˦ӿûоţɫݰŵ㣬ʮĴҽȥ
һֱûв˫ʱüͷɫ
ط_üͷỽ
ܵͣЩ
ط_͸Ͻǰס֣ĵᣬ˻ƣ¶
û׵׸κ͵ദͱ֪Էʱ޶࣬ʵڽԽܡ
¶ٴʹ޳
ŵ룬Ŀҩ֭ɢŵζȻвȴԾܸܵ־塣
ҪȡɫŬִҩ롣
ƽװʱմȾ΢̵ҩ֭ӣطGһϽСŮȥԡ¡
˿
ʮˣҽˣвõĲ²⡣
ûá
˭֪
̫ݵ
̫ĳ𣬵ɫվסˣһͺͻŹŵŲõذСŮʱʲô˼Ц֣ʱиɵСŮУһĸ밲ֹڴǰЦŸźҩ
֭ӿҪ
СŮףǿµͨ뺣ǲ죬ǲ
ź͹ཱུЦŽգҪ˵ʲôȴŹ˫֣ϡ
˵Ļˡ
ŹźˣѿҩˣȻһ̧СŮڡʱף
Ϳżʱ򣬿һ۵˵е֮һ԰¹ŮߵҲӮҡ
ϧδʴԼĽ׶Σʶʲô£ǳ
̫ӹĶ֤ݶָʱףٵ
һУٵʲô
Ͳס
Ӻǻ־磬־úûôס
ַҲһС
ֻΪ߸̧£᲻ôˮܡ
ڳ֪⣬˿̶ǵͻȻݷȻˣҲÿ¡
£ıոŽĸŲТġ
ûˣҲ˵ʲô
СŮţ̤̤ʵʵİҩ֭Ӻȥι˼ˮѹһѹζ⡣
ĸо⣬ӵıո׺Լ˶ϿϵʲôҲް취
ҩͷҲáһϲֻǿĳͷˡ
˭롪
طGֿط_ɫЩᣬ˵СŮȻʲô˵ʲô
ʲôͼТ˳طGط_òһ⡣
˵޵ǶֱǶǵİûиǽ
ط_ſڴͷŵԺط_úõТ˳ġ
طGɫӽӲӰӰ´µӰʲô׵ģ죬ѹģ֪
ô˵Ȼüۼǿ
ɫһ־Ҫûйܣֻط_Ǹúӣѧϰôһö
ط_ᣬصͷģԺҲԵġ
ͺͺţ֪ط_ˡ
ЩѩӰˣһֻѩ׵ʨèϲĽȻˣҲҪڸǰ
èŵܱ𣿡һԵطG֪
طGͷԣвʡ
˵ˣЦЦ˿ĵ룬һ⣬Ҳ˺͵ĸ
̺ƭ
ֿ˼䡣
طGžЩԣԵӣ˵ĻΣʲô£ϲŭɫǸ
䶼ֲź䶼ǵǸ
طGſڵСŮȴ˼׷ʲô£ȻݺѪ̡
ЩôƮƮġ
ⶼû
;Уǲϲ㡣
طGԳ۾ط_Է۾޺ˣֱüЦ
һΪû£Ͼȷʵоͦģĺ޲µȦӡȫԼʲôĵط
ط_Ա롣ЦᡣҪڿǰ÷֣Ҫĸá
ط_Ӧ£ת˲־ţܳԱ룬ˣ
ЦζҲС
ײʧط_תԸūȥ룬ϸĵĽϲԵĿζ
ɫЩͷһʶط_һ֪Ȼϸġ
ȻطGȴɫһ
ʢȥ롣˵
ϸϸü⣬죬ɫһ䡣
ģȻ¡
طGһ̣ͱط_ҲЩڣʵ֪Լһֱϲĸ磬ĸڹһֱܼѡ
˵ûһˣ˵㣬ôôڡ
ʢĶ£ܿˡ
Ȼζü滺һ㣬Ҫ˵һѪɫ޵ıϡ
Ŀġ
ط_ʱˣҽҽ
ŵļҽæңʮİֻŭʨһɵòı
ֱ룬ŵʩȣŹްˡ
⻰£طGӻ˻Σݰ𪣬ɫΪѪɫȾĺ޵ĵվ̲סʹ޳
ѽ
ط_ſڵǰþòԸ뿪Ķźʲô
ʱѩӰһǲ۰İ硣
£ۡһѽ㻹ûп
ʹ޳
ŵСŮǰ밲ʮүڰūź档
ط_طGųȥˡ
޵ȶˡ
Ϊ˵öһ̾ƴҲϧΪʱ˭̶֪ʱգûˡ
طGūæµӰ̾˿ܵĸһ
룬ﵽ׵ʲô£Žк͵ӶˡطG̫ǰЩӲһ󣬾ǵˡ
Щ飬á
ܿ;ͱŻɥЩ޲ϾãΪ˲ŵСͲǰԺͷͷ
װˣȥ顣
ڴʱ˿̣ط_ҲˣЩ̫̫죬׼һްˣȷʵĺܿ죬һкϹض׼Ǿͦ⡣
ҹʱűź͵طGѹʣﷸʲô£
ס
طGҲĥеףǲ˵
ڴʱ⽥Ų֨ѽһƿͼһӰɫ¹º
ꡭط_ɫʹ
ڵϣͷ¶޵ͨ˫ѹʣ׷ʲô£˵ֵܶҲ
ؿ
β˹ǰȡȼλ㡣
ı̫ӡһ䣬Ѱ㹻ĸ塣
طGɫһ䶯˵̫¡
Ȼ
ı̫˵
ط_ɫЩãȻ⻰ÿֶʶһ𣬾ֻƵİС
ʲô
ˡ
ʾܲ⡣
طG˯ĺͣɬ͡ǻ̫Ҳ
ӡ
̸ı
ҲЩ㯣źͷˣһֱΪܿϡ
ıոƣźǰó裬ֱ̫¾ƫġôõĺӣоЩװࡢĻ
ȥˣʱﻰͻʣǲǺ˵ʲôˣСʱƫģҪϡ
ظ幬ͣٺ
ǰͲˣ˶ӣ˵ҪǳԡһѣĴȱ
֣Ϊ˺кûﰵûʵЩԽܡСĵ¶
ͺȥˡ
ž͸޺͹ԹԣͲסֱ֡
ı̫ӵһ֤ݶָͣȻУŵ㶫ͷˡ
Žı¶ˡ
Ҳû»¡
ı̫ӵժˡ
طGǲŵãȻͻȻЩۣڸ幬ʱҲǱʹģ͹ƢԽû·
һϲŭ޳ȻԵɽĵز
ԽԽ
ȻԽԡ
̾˿ıãĺҲû׷żҵҵǶ䡣
ߣúӣˣ¾ɴ񣬽ա
˻лᣬڷչеĴ壬ݲЩ
ЩطGȥһʱ䰮޽֯ѵıոôֵһᡣ
ߣҪЩ
طG۵ط_Ǹһ
Ϊط_Ϊ˸вµط_ıոᡣ
۵ļ
׶ͱĵûˣʣȷʹûô߳ȥ
طGȭ
ÿ̲סܵӣѹ㡣
ǽ֪ǵʱԴҪ֪ˣͶҪָġ
ܷŹκıطiĶˡ
Ǹǰĵɡ
ɫطGҲں͵ϣû׷ط_
طGڵϣɫ㲡
ط_ɫãȻãͻȻͷѡ
һֱ룬Ϊʲôﲻϲĸ磬ĸҲ׽ĸġ
һֱ˶ԴҲܲס
ĸ硣˶ꡣ
Щʱ벻ͻȻӿͷ
ڶǰӱüǸˣԶĸ硣
ʲôǴģǰ䣬˺ӡ
ĸ˽ͣͲϿ˵ˡ
ĸ硣С
С
ӺСۣʵڲá
طG§źͣȡϵ룬ǵ֪ͱﺦûȥ
ôԺǶġ
͡ûסµ
һֱѹŵУطG뼫ĿãУ£۾͸ɵҪô޲ˡ
طGһԵĿѹɬ꣬޲
ֽǮȼɢůƹâҲȾůطGϵĲ԰ס
Ĭ
޲Ͳްɡ˵
֪ﲻܣѹˣú֪СܲסЩ
ã;֪
˵Ӣʱ֮֮ʵġ
ô˵طGĺ͡
˵
ܹĿ࣬һ顣
ͺ˵СɫãȻ̧ˣ޵۽΢죬ǿͰͱС
ļתˡ
طGĬ˵ģϾҪôߺͣﲻĺӡ
ۣ˵Ҳۡ
Щ˵Ҳա
Ҳÿ仰˵ġ


114 
ҹ
źطGĻ, ֪紵䣬ͽϵסת̤ȥ
ٵſ, ͷһۡ
ȵڶպ˯ѣСһ, ζʵܡܸоӲĹŻ֨֨졣
ꡣһ, ͼطGͷ, , һ
Сȥͷһμ۾, Ǳӡ
ıطGƶģ¶ͥŲĸо̿޴롣
۵겻޲ޣͱ
طGɤڣʢ̫ȥϴš
һԵط_ϸһģЩԺ, ۰, ĸ˵һθ˵Щ
ˣЩĲ˵
ɥǺ¡, طG֪Ǹӣһĳ˶²¼۵㡣
¶, ͰԼ˵ҪΪТŶϳ
ܡ
һѻա
һֱֻĬĬæԼ£߳
չ˵ĺܵ
Ҳʱ֪ԼͨԺ֧ӣԼ֡
¹طG˺ö࣬Ѵϣտյ
Щ´㲵ζ
ˣϺһ𣬽٣˵Ǵүȥߡ
͵ͷ
ĥɽȻǺȵģһʱҲ벻õ׸ô졣
ȥӾĥ
ϳҡҡͷס
Ϊ治ˡ
һʱ侹벻ʲôġ
ʱɽɽտǡ治
ϵͷ
ⲻǵö
꣬ȥɽ廳˰ڴϣСŽŴŻƻơ
طĢĵǣŵͷ
һӦ϶ɿţǼ⣬Ӧ¡
ͰСЦ̣ղײգȥϴ£žȥ
˵ˣطGȥ澻棬˸ѣʩʩȻȥ
ˡۼˡԲ˯ãôܲݡ
طGһ˹ţݵﲻϺúóԣ˼ڣͣ¿ӡ
ǰ޳ָڣ͸ᾡ
ԼཱུСָһ̾ݡ
ҪЩźá
طGƳһۣСԴںΪӦʱһ
ҮͿıҮ
̵תһԵϣٺЦŵӦˣ

طGɫһЩεЦˣ⺢ǡ
ůġ
ɫղȡǵϧ¡
ȥЩԵĴģȥȥˡ

ϵͷôͺá
˶ţ˵˵ЦЦĺطGһ룬ЦеѧԼء
طG
һ񣬺;֪밤˼Լƨɵӣһ£ϸܣûǰԲˣ
ţˡ
һ
ڵ꣬õʱ򡣡
һζǸСգҲͦˡ
ͷ̲Բˡһè̵ĵطûˡ
е㯡
طGӣüЩ
ԹĿһۣʾЦôЦССǳʱʲô⡣
Ŷ¿ӣ;ȲҪһ׼͵ߡ
ȶﻺԱЩۡ
ͣ
ż
ΣʹһǰߣʱطGϵȥ
С첲ȡ
ȵͶﶼãҲȥһԵ˼ˣ밲
;Сͣһߣ궼ҡ
طGƳһۣװûп
СԴ´Ρ
ѧͷ֧Ʊˡ
ſڳϣŲõϼ·֪֯˲ͣĽ¶ϲЦ⣬꣬㿴
ҪӴ˵ģ鷿
Լ棬Ȱġ
طGĬ
ЩżմԽʱطGӣ˵żӲ³һܰİ
иŬȻ˵ЦȴǴ򿪵ģԸչ¶Լ
һصǰ͸ˡ
꣬ߣȥǡ
СһӣȻƬ̣ͷˣ걧
طGͷ
ں۾ЦĿʱԥתסϣ۽𣬾ɽȥ
ͣ
ûʲô¡
ЩߣѹһԼߡ
طGǰߣ
ҲЦе㲻Լߡ
˵˵ЦЦģСϻ쳤Х˷ܵɽɾҴܣڳܲлĿˡ
һ־û
̣ͺ
һСϻƴٴܻ£ȥ棬Լŵĺ׵
;Ц
յҴܣʲôϡСӶժűֲȫӦſ
طG
æ˵
͹ԹԵͷأò׳һˣ϶ҪúõĹ۲졣
綼ˣһѵСֲǺϵһܾЩǿͦˡ
ɽ˶СϻĹͣȻˡ
ȵɽϣ͹ҪԵġ
;ͽ˸ԣҺǻʼң˸ˣСϻ
Сϻܶˣ⣬ذسԵĺף;̲סЦ٣ɰ
СϻԴͷϵë
СϻͺĽС
ͰСԴ꣬Ҫ𣿡
طGƳһۣʾԼϾСϻֻϺ͵ˣ˷ƽﶼ϶࿴һۡ
㿴ˣҲĥôҧһûʲô
طGСϻǰա
Ҳǡ
˶ǣҶԻ̫ܹѱϻеǾ塣ܸһԾأҲʵסǶҰѱѰ˸û취
ͼСϻˣƨɣȥץֻȥ
˵꣬ģķӵӸ
ץӣ
˵ĸСϻһ
ǻҪֱӣҡ
Ҳ棬Ҳţһ˵ܲ׽Ҹˡ
ãȻԭشתͲɵЦˣǳԲСϻץˡ
СϻСԴ߿ұ߿ôצӰͼֽβصˡ
;ʹֺڴ죬տ
ﵭҪ
Тڼ䲻ܳ⣬ĶҪˣڹˣúĳһ衣
׳־롣
С̫տӣʹõǷ⴮ǿ󵽵˵жóԡ
С̫ææµµĿͱһѳԣһоĹĵģȥҵط
һǿݴԣͶһ˫Ķۡ
ͣ
ӡ
ʱ˷ˣҲȥˣӣȻһǰץסӵȣ̵̫˰ɣԳˡ
㺮ĿɰãվҪɰһá
קӶȥ
ˡ
һ̲סЦˣСϻץģ
ȻС
ͽͦԼСţ̧С°ͣЦе٣ץģ
ϻ
طGһԵС̫ȥ
Сϻˣ΢ţߵǰ³һС
һֻСӡ
ûȭͷſڵϲҶſġ
СãղŵĴӣͼСϻת򷽲ŵĲݴԣһãȻĵңӣһԵĺơ
ء㲻㣿
Դˡ
СϻɵĿʼĵطܣͼץĴѾɾ͵ˡ
صĽ߸ߵ̧С°͵ſ佱
СӣֻŰƴԲˣСϻͷιһ⡣
ǹϻĸϻ
ͺʡ
طG
ЩԲʡ
졣
Һá
ӣ⿾һˣȳŻǣ
һʱͰʲôˣյܹȥ⴮һء
Сϻڱ۰Ͱ͵ĿţҲԣԲͺѹ
;Цԡ
СϻԿϺ͵ȣԹԵͶι
һһæĲˡ
ǰ⣬ɶɶʣ
һԵطGֻܸɵۡ
ţСϻĳŲԶѹ;üһԵѹȥ
ȥһʵ
ͣ
ԶһϮ°طiʩʩȻ߹Ŵ£һֻƮƮɡ
ϣһ˦ȣˢĴ򿪡εĿһϣЦӴҲšٳԹȻǼٵġ
һͻطiĿ⣬üͷװ˵ӡ
֮ǰطiƿĿ⣬һԵĺͣЦ̣³Щ
;͹ԹԵĸλӣǰտڳԵĴԣһ߾Сͣԣܱ
ĥҹ˯ʲô
˭֪طi˿۵СЦŵ²ŲҪԣԷĸһԲ
͹С淴Բźÿ
̫ɰˡ
ţСϻ⴮ǰ˳ˣʱżؽС
͵͵˳һԡ
طiתطGݵհݣƮ᾵ļιǰ֧ˡ
ˣĸܣطGõģϾǰλá
Ŀã־ۡ
Ϊǰһֱǰ˵ԹҲһġ
Ȼڡ
㡭ſڣȴԡ
ͷˣ˵ʲô࣬죬Է֪ʲô˼
طGͷġ
֪ôСˣǱȻú͹¿꣬ҲҧĽְˡ
طi˰֣ūŵʱž̳Цŵֵòһˡ
϶ʱҪԴȥطiڰ֣ɽҰ֣ҹΣգһˣؼɻ䡣
Ҳǵ̫ӣûô磬л̫ĸ׻رͷŮоڡ
иζһ˵ЦƱЦŵǰˣǺһֱúȥңﶼǵãԵ·֪Լ̫ӱȻϵʱͷһľıոֵã֪ǸµһˣЩǺͿԡ
ϻۣںϥ³лСͿв㻹ǿĺܣǵӼҵףû˱
طiⷬҲø
װ׵˵
ͷ⡣
طGЩʱԼտտգطiⷬϵĻʱο塣
ֵܣ˵ЩĻ
ͳԵطiЦˣ˵ǵ˵ģϾ⹬ͷҪʵ̫ˡ
ȴǵ÷Ǹ޲Ǵ񣬾͸̫̾ӵˣС˵һһףĺǴ졣
ҲãöѧѧҪȻôڰԺķʱڣϽ˵ôһ
ԹҪԲˡ
͸Сϻι˿⣬ڴڳţ̲סЦˡ
طiСԴ᣺Ϳ㳤󣬵ʱ彻ǵö֮㾡ˡ
˵ı΢
طGʵϣһֺã޲öʮɺá
ӣʱȻöϮñˡ
طGһھƣһ֣صܾͽԼλ㡣Ͼǻ̫ĸףλ϶Ͳȥ
á
طiһ⣬һھƣЦŵʿΪ֪һ仰ʲôˡ
ҹطiӡһƬ߲Ӱ
ҫĵطһƬĻһȴţʲô塣
ͱԼ̶ֶֶ֡
ԼطiЦе;һ
СҲ֪ǣԼ£Ȼطi޽٣ֱӱЩЦŵǡ
ЦģüǷŹ⣬ƻ󣺡źλ͵ųĺˡ
ԺһӣʱСӡ
˴ɣطiɫСԴЦŵڹʲô£ȥҶ
͹ԹԵͷ
طiֹһƣЦŵڸɽͷͲˡ
˵Ȼȥ
ȥӰ˼ǹˣǰཾۿˣȻȵͷʾˡ
Ūˡ
šطGűӣš
û˵ʲôţȴᣬԹԵͷ֪
طGһڰѱоطi֪ȴ˵ⷬҪԶ衣
ھ룬Է̫ʲô˽ء
طG۾һ
˵ʲôˡ
ǴѽнԶطGĺ͵ԴͻȻеССͣôȺɾ˵ĺȥ
ദᡣ֦ڣһȥʵǿ
ϲǱɱͷȥС˻ƣҲǿ
ĻҲкܶռ䡣
ߣ귨ܻʮꡣ
ܻܲʮ껹¡
ܻܾãʣµľͿͬͬ⡣
ϣͬ⡣
롣


115 
ݵĲ, ָֻƽȻﲨϣ߿˵Ȼ, ӰȴԾɾ޴
طûʻʰ볯Ϊүһ仰߽ˣ˸ӲԸദüͷ
ǰЩӺطiͷֱطAžȥ, ˵ᣬͺģ¡
طiüЦ¶ô˸ӣʵĻϢġ
ʱ, طA˻Ǽ߳ȴ˲òãȻ͸Գ㲻ɣҲ, ɣϰ߿⡭
ƣûʲô˵ġ
طiоƣļЦŵǸӡ
˼¡
طA, üҲ
طGôε, Ʋ, ŶԸҲݼڣ˶۰
̫Ӽλõˣܺ޽ٵ˵Ǹӡ
˼طAü뿴, ̵ʲôħôΪš
طiɫ㣬»Ƿġ
طAǵĻȺƽ͡
֮ԹдˣȻΪ˴ҵƽƽҹ
طiطAתȥ
﷢£ܿ͸ȥżϰŵС̸ֱ;ú档
Сݸͣü㿴
ͽӹСһۣƽƽŶһЩɻ󣺡

ӳϷϹ衣
ÿÿ˵һЩıƣǻĸо
ˣģ˻㡣˵
ǰЩֱϣƣȻһسɵľҪ
ǰᶨߣһһƷͷЩزȥˡ
˲Ҫ
ʲô¶˸ٰãָоʵ̫ˡ
ͰСԴСݸ
̵СģЩ棬üʲô
ӹһͲɵüоԺоרԱӰƷ
֮ԱǣҪ
°ͣҪķ壿
ȻǼٵġ
Ȼ˴оԺʱԼܣԷ죬Ȼ󡭡
Ȼ͵СԴͱˡ
ֵֹС뷨ཱུСЦ뵽ģ
;Цһ壬ҲѲ˶Ǯһ˾ͺá
پһСΪè̱°ȥ޳ʵ̫ˡ
ôʹĲپ
СԴĬƬ̣ûͷ˶֣Ͼ⿴ʵûʲôչǰ;
ЩţͷûзС˼Ͱ˿
ʵҲûܳɣʱʱķչһ˿ңйһ˵δһԶ¡
ıãǺ¡
ͰͷһǳЦŵ귨ȥ棬ĥˡ
ֲӵ¿
ʹͷУЦȥ顣
ͣ
ʲô
յȥ飬뵱˿û˼ẹ̀ÿԳԺȺ軳˯ͺá
áꡣ
СһЦʱҲǹⶺú˼
ˣʱʱ飬ǶǺ޲˶̵㣬š
ѧӵĺӣҲ鶼ɺʦ飬˭뵽ȻԸѧ
ڸв֪ϸСƨɡ
;СԴЦе¡
Сƨɣһ㶼š

˵Щʲôƨ
ž
һȥ
;Цһ㶼ۡ
ڿҪĵڶƵʱ򣬾ͼСϻ
ѹ̬

Ժ󻹲͵Сƨˡ
ˣ;СԴһϲѽϻ̳ˣᱣˡ
СϻĶſ
޾ȻԼСˣˡ
ӣ˳СϻȴֵСϻǳ𣬵ȳ˸һӡڴĹСϻ˾û취ˡ
˵ţ͵귨ѽѽѽ

ʼҼëӣһܼǳСϻʱ̱Űʲô
ͿżëҲһ㶼ţ̵ĿСϻ˭֪ԷĴ˸Ƿ۾ſڽŽ˯ˡ
ẹ̀
ҽһŤͷܡ
ſϵЦ޲ܳԶСϻ棬ʱ˷ܵľҲ˯ˡ
ءѽѽ

ǣͽŴȥˡ
㣬ǵԡС̫ȥ
ԶԶĺ֪ˡ
ܹʵ˼Ľˣ룬ӵͯڼ̶ܹˡ
ۻĴˡ
üһ;شȥˡ
ʹСϻһ·ܻظ԰ӣŶڿ˱ЦеЪЪ۾
СԴԼཱུСȭͷϴȣһЦѽϲ㡣
èǰѰϡ
Ϊǰû˵
ðĻ
ˣŴЦҲ̡
˵ţʱͺͺ̴ڵײײ߳һСϻСЦܹȥҪ
СϻһĴצӱԲԴ
رȼ֮
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Сϻһ޿ȵĿͣſſСŪߡ
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ЦеӴ
СϻŬ֧ӣסŤŤҪˤʱ̫ͣ·⻹Ҫǿ
ء
ǰһһ̵ֻȻûãֻҪ֣ϻϡʱЩգôСֻͣǴϻⲻСè䡣
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ѽʱˤ˸ƨա
С첲˻Σס̵ĿӣС˵վȵĺ̸ˤƨա
Сϻͷ
Ǹϻ̣С̡
ءء
ȻʱѹëǸʹ˶Ҷ
ͷЦ
һ㯵СϻЦеܹúáԹԵĺʱͺ̣ι⡣
Сϻ룬ⲻҲա
һԵطGţ¶ЦݣյĿҪð̣ȴԾɵġ
ỽ
ͻʱ̵ĳǰȥĻꡫ
СڵһطG
طG§ס
ϣǳЦŵܿˡ
ͣ
㻳ﱧ̣ȴֻжﲻɡ
꣬㿴ңǿԼ
طGƳһۣͰڵϣⲽϸǰǣס֣ȥˡ
ͣ

ʧˡ
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仰˵ǸܰѧϰˣĶʰᡣ
ҪѧĶʵ̫ˡ
к͵Ļףѧʲôر죬龰£رۡ
ʲôᣬۡ
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㻹𣿡Ц
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ơ
š
£ʡ
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ͻء
С̫һԥβɬȥơ
üʲôÿġ
һɵôס
ط_ΧǽϣӸµĿȥ棬ȥȥ
ͰСԴȻصıոʱСǸС̡
ط_ǸСꡣ
˴һ𣬲Ƥǻ
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һֺµϷ
û֡
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ط_ͷ
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ԥʱǳǣܶĶҪǣϡ
Ժ˵
뵽кͣ뵽ĳƬΣ·ʱĺ𺳵ģڵĺ𺳡
ط_į۾ע̾˿ȥĵط࣬Ȼ֪嵱Ҳǡŷޣǹȥϵġ
û˵ĺ
ط_ˣڷϣŲԶϼͲط_뻹Ǹͷ躹޺֪𣿡
ڶ롣
ط_ͷ
žͺġ
ɽˮվɽ壬׵Ĵ󺣣ųӵƤȻס
ܳӵƤҸЦü䣬ô࣬Ҹһԡ
ط_ԾͷۣŤͷˣ㣡
˵ߡ
ʹСԴһʧ䡣
ѽ֣㣿
ط_ͷҲصˡ
ߵԶͷڷĺͣСС̣ϼһߡ
ſɿɰ
Ͱͷһ˼
ϹѰͼڷʱһѹ֪Σգ
ǽ˲ĵ
͹ԹԵȥ
ϣ
ôˣûпһۡ
㡭ü´νūŸ㱧
͵ͷ
֪ˡ
ǲġ
˵Ż˵ȥţŻȻ귨˵㣬һȥ
֣öҲԡ
ҪȻﲻ̹
˵ţͼС̫ͰǰѶţЦүû̫ȥıүҲȥ˳ĸҲ͵㡣
;ͻͷطGһ԰ȥ
ȵʱ򣬾ͼطiҲ̫࣬ʦλţͷ
طiЦžܾ˵Լ⴦ͦá
Ƭ̣װŰŵλˡ
ͰͷЦ̿Цеӽģ
ͷ
ʱͰԣʱⲻᣬʦڵľͳһ㡣
ڲһôԾôԡʱʱܳԵûǹӵһ˰ˡ
ͳһڣùȻۡ
귨Ҹԡ˵
üЦڣԼðɡôСĺժ̣ûÿס
;ڴĿطi
Էϴʾܾ
ֿԼ꣬طGüСӱʲô
죺ôõܱʲôߡ
طG̵Ŷһá
ϴʾܾȻӶˣӳˡ
һźԼСůôûš
˰š
ʱطiüЦ̣
ͷͷá
˵Է̣ȶԷһڵʱ򣬾ͼģ˵ԹԷ̣Ͳˡ
Ǹ̡طiס
;СٺٺٵЦ̲
طi
СпգǱȲá
͵СǰСһͺˮ飬ɵЦˣߣһңƭҲ㰢꣬׵Ҫ
ͿüطGЦеҰꡣ
ϲһڡ
طi
е㶫ϵġ
Ҳû뵽ôشһ̲סЦˡ
˵ʲôҾǰ
ϲӾͷ
ܲ˺ҵƫִ
ͰСԴ˫ֲȰˣҾͰţȥ
˵꣬طGҪ˵Ƥۼֿǡ
Ͷʱֻųǣʲôˡ
̣˻̫ȴǹɶûУˡһСӰδǻ
ͣ
ǺţЦеʲô
ǡ̻ء
ǣ˸˵üɫ衣
ϲĽ
طG˿
ΪӵСֵĵڱӵʱѾԤˡ
ͳǣһڴĿطG𣿡
طGһԼ񣬺;֪ûˡ
СطG½ǣòٸһš
ɤӡ
Ͷʱᣬǰס½ǣĺߣаС
ŴС泩ˣڴУһ޹Ŀڣôˣ
ʹס
ֶˡ
¿ˡ
ӡèһ룬һ죬ҪסǹķӣҾ߶ǹȻǹڲϣĿųĿš
طGü͵Сʹһţٸ㡣
͹ԹԵͷ
ԽǹԣطGԽǳ˺̵Ρ
ţһȥ԰ɢˮջɽͤ鿣ɫرƯ
յǰ棬Сϻֱײľ֣üһ·ͨ衣
귨˵ǧô
ô
Ǵأ
ɡ
Ͷʱһڴƻʯ
ˣҪĻ԰ɹ԰

һڻؾ
ƯƯĻ԰ǽĻׯ
ͶʱЩʧ䣬һԵطGͰ͵԰أ
ɡ
طGһô˵ҲЩƻ԰ӵƯ̶ȣ;ܾˡ
Ȼ;ɻᣬûʶԡ
Ȼڣ׵ϡ
񺹰ּ⡣طGӦºһĵĿźͣһЩؼҵŰı顣
봺ӣ;ÿֵĲˡ
ԣĽ𣿡طGʡ
⣬طiǹעĲˡ
ָ㡣
һ̯֣
С㣬̫͹һ𣬾ûôˡ
üͷǽأ
ٿ


116 
ſִֵ˫, һȻǹȥˡ
ʱ˾ġ
ȷʵСЩܿԼƹˡ
б, סС˳, Цɹͺá, Ȼ֪Ǻ, ҲЩ
귨²¡ĺүһۣеزסزס
СԴй˸ѹ, ͦá
ĵĵͷ, ſ, 첲ཱུСһ, ſɿɰ
ִ˴طGŹֵջ֡
ͰС, һԴĶ, Сͣأ
ҪǳûС
Ҫкܶࡣ
طGطi, ЯȥͿ˵ıӰ˼
귨ʱܸ˷ͥ𣿡
Ҫλ̫, ڻϿҲǵİ, е֪λߵ˭
ͰСԴִʿʼӣæôʱ, Ҫ
˹ھĬ
ҪѧĶҲܶ࣬ӻתɻ̫ҪѧϰĶǼӱˡ
ΪӻĶҲûᣬΪ̫ӻĶҲûᣬԿľͣѧϰĶҲûᣬ
࣬ѹС̵ͷϡ
Ϳٵ֪ʶѾǵøտʼԽΪű־Ҷʲôˡ
ٺһЦĻ꣬Це귨Ķȥˣ
üʲô
;ָͷ㣺һ֧÷յһͣϴںӱ߼Ķʯ
ࡣ
գжʱˣЦ
źһС⣬üſ
͹ԹԵƿš
С䲻
һ۾ܿͷ˵Щյ÷յյĺɻյͷ
ڷŵ롣
ˣͳԾ
Ͼܶණڿǰˢ͹ģʵ׼
ͻȻЩΡ
ͷЦŵ͵޶š
տʼҲûգûӣľȫղûͯá
᲻öİá
͸жһͿЦţǰôôԣϲĶÿɰ
Ҳϲˡ

˵ʲôƨ
ˣͲɵЦˣСԴ̵˵ǲǣ
ͷ
û
е죬ⲽڹСϣſȨʢԽ
ó谮ֻڣȻѭ浸أҲĸĺǻǰĲС
½ɶΪ졢ŮӣȨᣬȻ޴˷ˡߵţûв͸ǽ֪Ȼסл̶̫ûãȻõš
ߵ˹£Ц˹˹ţ޵Ҫݰݡòʢţݰٺò
룬ôèݰݣÿ̶Ѽ˻ֻһ
Ҳݰݣ٩
һҾ֣ð
Т˳ĺôЩԶԣôܰѿӵʱʱϡ
ڿӵĲ⡣
԰ȥȣߵͳһý˲¶˵СǳЦŵȵʱ
Ҫѩǵöһ
һ˶ǲ֪ģӪӪһӡ
ʲôʱ̫Ӱʡ
⣬ڿȻ󲨡һֱѹŵ˼ͻȻҿʼ
ȴɫʲô
ȵɫͷЩ̫Ӱ
ǰҲͦжˣ黹ڣͲ÷ϡ
ǻ̫дɬ
ڹľˣĺøЩеĲá

Ȼдû˼С̵һȻ󲨡
̫ǻ̫̫ǻ̫ӣһͺ
ڻжʮ꣬һ̫ͣӣֻ糨Щֱһλ⸴̫֮λᡣ
ſı飬֪Ķˡ
ⴢ֮λĪ͸˰ѻЦ֮ӣԳƶƳʵѹ
أȻͶұԸһٷġ
С£з񳤲ݣֱҪѹֲסȻǵˡ
Ȼȥ󣬾ͼطGڸ幬ſڡ
һͷͲͣʱףǸ
̹˵ʲô
Ǻܸźá̸ʱ˵Ҷطiĺá
Щ񣬾üе¶̫һֱڣǸӶ˰죬ЩСìܰˡ
ض˵
طGһȥˣᣬҲǿ̬ȣǺܷŭȻᡣ
ѹֵ⶯Ϥ
ڶһ磬̫ӡ
طiںһʱЩãȻǰҲطGͷˣ̫ӣб
Ǹмġ
ûˣ֪طGĻǵλֺ޼ˡ
ͱΪ̫룬ûһ̫ӣϾû̫ںεء
طiź˫ô£ʹ̵𣺡Ҵͷգң
طi鸴ӡ
⸸¶Щ
֮ض
һƾٳģӦ̫ӣԴ͡
˭֪
طGֱ˵̫ƣп֮£ǰ̫ǷЩ£ѻڹʮ̫ӣ΢覶á
涼Ǻˣڶŵ׵
ţж
ŷзĳѹ֮²ɶϷ
ž˳ˡ
ͦԼཱུСӣطiĴȣЦŵģ귨ġ
طiһǻʱĴѹʱ򣬾ԼȻҪɱķ¾ġ
˵һ¾ʢ硣
˭롪
иཱུСոһߡĥеħ
ɫһѱͣЦŵ棿
طiǹаЦ⣺о仰˵ĺܶԡ
̰СԴһʱЦŵ˲ҪĶҲҪ
طG߹飬ô仰
ֵͦġ
طA
еȦطǫãⴢ֮λĴײһ
ϴ󣬹¿Դ֮λΪ⶯ƾɺãطiӸµĿطA
ءü۲ӢϾƣǶҪĶΪүҪ
طG
ͣ
Ǳ
Ǳ˭ģӦòɡ
ȿ֪ڽǵķԺοźͰȰһ
б۾Ŀطiȴں͵Сƨϡ
̾Ҫᡣ
ͣ
طiõŴǣ̰ǲŵСá
ͻȻһ
ƾٺ̫ʱ򣬿زߵģ˵丸
ź;ﶼܺˡ
⣺
һ
ϸϸźͣüǲǸ¹ˣ
ҲѧſӣһںཱུСƨϣЩ˽ζڡ
̫Сƨɴζ´λ
Ȼ
໵һͿˡ
વ̧ˡ
˸գʱ۵ҺĴžʵۡʵʵһƣܰѺۿޡ
Թ̲޲ޣ귨˵ţֱֶطiƨɺݺһơ
طiһ
ôˣͻȻ׵ƨɣ޷ܡ
죬˸ݣһ޿
¡װףЩҲסˡ
Լû꣬طiɵָ¸µЦĽëϻ飬һЦͿʼµ
طiСӣԼһ£ʱòһƨɵͿˡ
ԼĴơ
һԲ˸첲ƨɵðŤͷܡ

ܻߺ
طiˣʵǹ֡
ˡü
š
ֱһơ
žͦˬȴָһӡ
طi
һ޿źͿߣʱȼ֮
ˡ˵ܡ
ܾúΣյĽд˭˭˼ڡԼĴƣҲɵҲġ
ôۡ
˼⡣
Ȼȥ󣬾ĥԵô£һСƨɵȥӦᡣ
طiʱ֪ˣȲԣȷʵͦ۵ġ
òһ̡
һ·ܻ԰ӣ۽ëϵ黹ûɣգػ귨ңҲҡ
ɺ
طG꣬Сϻͻꡣ
˹ͬʹ̫ʦϵطGʱЩˤˡ
˻طGͷбź͡ү㻹밤ᡣ
§סգգ۾һɵ˵ʲôôɰô̡
СϻƳᡣ
СϻǵĲ֪ᡣ
طGû֣̻ջһӵĿɰ̣ҪСϻͻᱻҧ֡
ֲɵ
Сϻ۾͸¶޴֪Ҫʲô
ͿɵЦˣԡ
Դ͸ˣﱻιʳȻҰʮ㣬ֻҪ㲻¶ԡ
Сϻڽϣ˭û¶
ֲᣬҪԶ߶Զ
룬СϻȻٴһֻš
˵ž²ֽ˵Ҫһ
ߣڴʹƬ̣ϾڻɫϿֲ
İɣֱĹС˵ţúˡ
˵ͼֽСϻЦеʱҪԹԴŶ
ŵˡ
Сϻһͼֽϣ˵һûƼĻˡ
ĴԴָιһţɣͷУЦŵһ
ǰèٲѧͻģϣӲϻһա
ͺٺЦ
ĻĶЦеϲ
ﰮ㡣̵
طGü
ҪϴγѲ·Ϸ⣬ʱֱȥ
ơ
ЩӣЩµĸоΪʧȥĿꡣ
ǰյģǻ̫ܲܰԼʲôˡ
û˵аǧһ
;طiƲľˡ
̾˿
С֪ˡ
˵žͿԼꡣ
Ͼµճ˴ǾһõӲ£ھпڽԱ
֪˿϶ࡣ
طGͷгը
͹ԹӦ¡
ѵЩ󣬸оر
£СŽϷ˵Ǹ̫Ь
ţͼСɻһͤͤĴЬӣЦĿź͡
ڱ仯ܴһһйŮ緶ǰЩηηӡ
ŸģҲ֪ϲϽţԣ´νˡѧģ͸е㾢Ьӡ
üͷ
һü֪ʲô˼ŴЦ˷ֻѧŸͰղãǱ⡣
֪ŮҲӦðʱķѵϡ
ŵͷ׵С֣۵ǳˣ⹦ȥ۲ɺȥȥ򶼳ɡ
ԹԵͷ
ӹҲġ
รԼĶӲܸԼʲôľƲˣ˵ף˶˽ġ
бԼүƳһۣʱͼūȥүһۡ
Ƿڴǰ϶Ҫ֣ԺǲӣȴֻңԺʺϣƫġ
ԺҲӿʼš
˵ף˭ӺùͰ˭Ǵ񾭵ˣЩͿˣһֱ²
ȴ۴һŮʧȥĶԶ
˼кܶźġ
ҲС
һͯ꣬κรһֱϣ˵˵ࡣ
ڰֵƽﶼԼӣС翴ıӶء
жŮҼβˣլŮӣǲ޴ˡ
ֻҪúõģѰǵ£Ǿ͵Լˡ
Ժۡ
Ϲľ󣬺طGǸϻ۶˷ģȫžмСŮĽɰ
žӣɵôסԽԽȥˡ
͵üۣ͵Ǿ⼫ˡ
µһˡĿ䡣
껹Լꡣ
Ȼû˵ǰʾζ㡣
طGֳ֬ŸϲױԵһ
õ϶شձ㸡һĨΣֵС
ȴֱðݡ
ǰҹҹġ
˵̫ӣ̫Ӹλ͸Դһ̾
ЦһԵϣǳЦŵһСԲ˼ӵġ
˶ֻ
ȴЩģԺͻȻֳһ仰ڽ̺ٷ
Ӧǲġ
طGƬ̣ŰүͺͼȻˣȻ㲻صǡ
͵ͷҲòõǡ
Ϊ֪귨ܻʮ꣬мܷʵ̫ˡ
˵ɽ׸ıƣǰ̫Σʱֻ䱾˴ʲôͲһԼ
ﲻصǡԼСظ̵Ȳ


117 
Ц, ϵʱЦˣǴ֮, ˾͹ˡ
ͰСԴ, 
˵Цţ;˵֭ūȥѹ֭ȣһ, ˵΢졣
ܷǡСԴ֭ԭ, ٷŵ, ûˡ
ͿССּѣߺЦô̫, ֭ȶûС
̬, طGбһۣô̫, ҪᾹ֪
ͣ
ţ
ǲ
ֶֶ֭, ζˬһϣЦ, úȣ
ģϰŰɡ
һֱȣϲģû, ͶǳǳƷһڡ
ǰ, ĺ, תʢȥѹһģЩǡ
ͣ
Ż˵, ԼȾҪˡ
еᡣĽ͡
ͣ
Ŀһ۶ǿԸҳһ𣿡
Цأĳ˱ˡ
ǳЦָָա
˲ᣬŽżŬȥףõĶӴ

һֱϵĿʱðݣֺǺǵ
˵ʹ졣
ҲŸ¸֡
̵غϲѽ
طGûк֪֭жᣬ֪ûڵᡣ
ȡɤӡ
͵ʱЦˣҲõİ
طG뿪
̵ӡ
ءСϻţ˰ҲʱĴצĵأһյĿ
;˹СϻĴԴ䣬ѽ̱
СϻŴԴ̱ʱ㡣
죬³һ麬ŵ⣬ʾԡ
ͣ
ó̬ˡ
С̫ʰߣСϻĶѵüͷʲôϰߣͷô⣬㻹Ҫһ飿
Ҳ̫ˡ
Сϻôצӱͷĺߡ
СģҲˣӵ⡣
Сϻˡ
Ȼ
ͼ;СƨɵЦеĿ
Сϻ˲ᣬȻܳβֱֱģĸͷ
أԺ󲻲
Сϻ⣬Ҫָͳԣһ룬͵Һͣһǰ
ԣü
Сϻұģ޲ſ˵
ءԡ
ءʳ̲Ǻ̡
ԴһΣôԶҲƤˡ
ôţǾú˼
Сϻ޿İԵСĺܲˡ
ȳ꣬;ȵĲУűһԴطGʣ𣿡
ӣ̿۶ϵһš
ңҲΪ
ҴűɴطGȴ㣬Ҫһ
ͽ⿪¿ۣű˿̵ǵ
طGü
˵ϸϽĪ̫̰ˣ
;С͵ͷϡ
ӦĺãȴһطGһ㶼ֱһţüͷʲô
͹ԹԵ̫ʦ֣дţͼ԰С̫Żŵ߹С԰ףүүȥ
˵͸ŹС
üϵѣϽС̫һȥˡ
ȵ֪ʵС
ˡ
Щȣûϣһæ˭룬Щò£ر
˵ûƬ̡
һ˯Ǹȡ
Ժ䣬Ͷ˵͹ǺС
ˣͼյĿͨ죬촽ɰͰ͵ƤſˡԴԽûʲôʱϢӹҲܲס
귨һſԹ£ͷǹ̵¶ȸһ
ҩûʡ
ŹϽǰأ̫ĻҩѾȥˣŷǡ
һֱǳˡ
üͷּĸʯͷһʱɫһ䡣
Ҫ¶ȡ
ⷢʱֽű˵¶ȻҪȥֽẒ́˵¶Ѿȶ
귨䡣ɽѣſůŹſĽţһ㱻ӡ
ģֽŹ
͸ϽѱӳһٴˮãæıǼðϼٽ֮֡
ĸһֱˣͼĲˣ壬˵ֻҪǿ׳СͲҶиһǴ𶯵
ܿ죬ʹϢ˵̫
Щӣطiȷʵ밲Ҫ죬ʯ䣬
޴󰭡
طi߽ʱ򣬴ǻЦݣϲһȺƾȻϾܾĴ
ҪúĻΡ
ȻһϪݣͼūһ岽һڣ䱸ɭϵĸоһͻ⵽ô¡
߽ңͼһǱյģСң͸
ߣͼڴϣ¹żҽʱһͻ
ԤУǲ̫ȷ
ſǻһ޴ӣ귨ˡ
գգ۾ëϾ͹顣
طižŵĿ׻겻ˣûпһۣź
պͽʱص
ŻȻʶʧȥһκꡣ
⧲ʱ
ЩȻˣɫҰףչһĿѹ㰢֪𣿡
㰢궢žеĶ
طAطط֪طط
طiɫأزǹ֮ңôյĶͺѰ
˿
̽Ͼеķ̫ӣ˵ı֮ģȻܡɻнϪݣõѡ
С֮ĶȾ֮
ȻΪ
طi׶ǾͷģĻֶμΪ
ܿͽ鰲ŵľ
һԵŹţ𾪷ǳͲ꣬ŵĺ޼
ɵĶ
طi͵λãϸĸιҩźĺ
Ȼһ˵ġ
һⲡڣ˿ûѵļ
һգطiȵסڶͱ
δһζķȡ
طiҲĲۡ
СЩסڿſĸ첲˯һ
ȵʱ򣬻ʰͳӦһĿۣȻղϳһͺè塣
۷׷ס
֪̫ӽϪݲȻཻһ㶮Ҷһɢˡ
̫ڣ̫ﾹҲûгǰĳһЩԣطGһĸˡ
ա
طi˶Ҫˡ
еΪƶ
ڣƶ˵ˡ
տʼƶϻѡ
Ȼһֱš
طiûסǰס֣ǰܾöԺ갮޽֯ȻǰһЩ
úõľͳɡ
ٽˡ
ա
۷׷ףڳڳ԰⣬
Ⱥ鼤ܡ
˶ҪȷϿİȫܱ̫
Ͼ̫̫СһʱǶÿģ˵ԻλʲôǷ֮롣
СϻҲˡ
˲һ
ǻƬ̣ſվ㷴ӦѾܽϪˡ
أ
ںˮСϻȻ˹Щյ
Ҫˡ
ͰͷСϻԴϻʣôģ
СϻŴԴЩߡ
ܲ˵ٿ
ͿС̫࣬Էߣ˵Сϻſڿ棬ģȰ賯ʱŸտˣʹܽ
֪ı
طiݺݵĹһյ裬ȥĥҽݵƮڵҽҲǺ
˶Щ
˭ҸȵĲôúõġ
ǽ˲֪˵ʲôá
ҲȲסˣڴͷરવᣬ̲ס룬ǲţԲʷı䣬ÿ⡣
֪ⲻܣȴ̲ס롣
ͰͷһԵĿ˳
귨ѽĿ޶޲ˡ
طiǼһᡣ
⼸Ҳ۾˯һ£ʵܵ
ͷһ̾
ޣ귨ء˵
͹ԹԵͷڿ̵Ķͷ̲סᡣ
ҵĸ֡
û˵꣬һ˫Ƹںϣ˻ƶ̴ٵ𣺡֡
Ȼ˫һԵĿϲĵ᣺귨ˣ
طi߹һۣ̲סͻꣿ
գգۡ
ʵûʲô˵
ͼѱ̫һҽֽŶ֪ôʹˡ
ЦЦź͵ֺ˿ˮŵˣ
͸ãȻ
طiϽϸ˵ˣ۰Ͱ͵ĿſôҲһ
͵С۾طiˡ
˵Źȥ˵ѾˣɢȥòȻϳ
һ޲ÿ޳
⼸գʵĵ
طGҲ˿
Ϫݻɺ껳˯һ̶ûͣЪϵǰġ
طiҲضá
۾ˡ
ˣһжã˺Ĺǣ·ˡ
ûѵʱ򣬾Ҫһ˺󣬺õҲ졣
귨յܹСԴ̵Цٺ٣ϲ귨
СԴСˣɼЩܿˡ
ǰΣʲôΣʡ
ɫЩãȻָʲôΡӦǰʵ¶һͻûðشȽ׵
ɫסϵ⳶˳ǻģȫˣɼӺá
;ͺٺٺٵЦ
ʲô
²⣬귨εʲô
ǰ˵ẹ̀μˡü
ȥԼĵ𺳡
͵Բ˫ȴһʣϸ˵˵
ҡͷ
̫ڰС˵ڡ
μǸɰè̡
Ц
ǰ˺ͣϣûǰƽܿѡ
ԼСʧԺ󲻳ˡ
СͣˣԲˣ
Ͳèˡ
һŵţôһ仰Щ
žƮƮһĹ
Ե޹ʱ򣬵ʱ˶ˡ
ѵЬӣһɣˣ˯
˵ϴͱ۾˯ˡһԵŹ˵⼸ղûôۡǻ̫Ҳֻǿסһ
˯˯š
˵Ŀ۵Ҫ
ǽ˯Ҳ۾Ȼ˯š
һ۾ǹ½ĸ¥áģģλƵĿȴֲԺС
ãǶȻʵӡ
̣Ǹè̡
һЩ£ת˲ţȴ֪ôġ
ˡ
زĽ
èûӹ֪Ϳӹ
˯
СཱུģʱҪһ
üۣطiڱϡһ٣ȥ˯ˡ
ȫʰãײǼչȥ
´ˣҲܳȥϳֻյģ翾̿¯һ֪Щ顣
ͰͷһţȻϸļ¡
ʻĶðˡİСԴǸ̡
һæϵ⳹ȥǱþЩӵζڡ
֭ͣ𣿡ʡ
ЩѺ͸ЩȻһֱУôݵĲ⡣
˵ǵˣȻݣⳤ峤Ŀ죬Ȼ
ȻǼܲסۡ
Щ⡣϶
ϱͣԺɹ̫һЦιˣԲˡ
;Ц
ҲÿСϻĴԴЦȫ֡
Сϻ
أȻҪֵĲ
ͱСϻŵıСҪޣСϻʱͷˡ
Ѵſޣֻ˰ᣬǰſޣСҪͷëЩ룬Ĳɰ
ϸտʼܺСϻսսڷȮһֻҪÿһۣŷЩ
ǺԺͻǲСϻ˵˾ͲˡжأСһһ޷֮
СϻһԹĴ档
ֶֶ֣֭ͺڣ˷ܵĻźһС첲ʱϡĲɡ
ߵ㳤׳㣬ʱ๫档Це
ϣ
ʱأʡ
;Цỵ́Ե
ͺ
һԵϻﱧʱͣԵЦ
һô졣
û취
ʱԲĿɰСװ֣˫ģͺͶʱм
Ӽ꣬һҪСס
̾ͺܷϵ˾ͺߺߣԵ£˾ͿŽŽ棬ˣԼҲˡ
ԸкһЩҲСꡣ
죺˲Ȱˡ
;ЦȷʵȰҪ˵еƢãϻиţҪ˵ûƢã⻹иը̡
СʱʲôϺʡ
ϾЦ׾͹ɣÿӾԼţҷǵι
ôԣ


118 
ô, ʧЦҡͷǹԡ
˲ģʱ򻹻˵Ҷѽ, Ҳ˭㡣
, ĸȥ
֪͵ĺǶȣЩǳû˵Թƣۼˣ־ú¡
, ⺢ﶼãΨȱЩͯɡ
Цģ֪ϲͲˡ
Ϻ, ЦĽ̵ͣĸһϡ, ˭ֻо, ĻʲôƯ

ͲɵЦˣֲǵ, ֻסһˡ
˵ȤҲŴȤҾΨһˡ
ͱͷ, Ҳǽĵط, 飬õķӾж, ֱŽżȥϣ۸̺òѽ
ϱĸһƬ
һԵĹʵ, ͸ݸһԵĸ, ĵȴ
Ȼ
ټ
Ȼˣ廹Щ飬Ƚ϶ͻۣðֵļֳֵˡ
һȨ, ѽкø㹴ѡȫȫⶼˡ
ʹĺ˳֣Щ᲻ˡ
ˣȥǣһֻһ֣һۿ۶򡣡
;ͺٺЦѽЦΪҰѽ
ȻÿõĿЩ
Ͼҹ˼ۿ϶ǲɵģúõĸӲҪ
ȷʵҲۡ
ͰСԴſݵգۼˣĺ壬˲ź¡
̵ˣպҾȥɽͺҶ٣
۾ӣССȥ̣ˣͰ̫ӵǼʦָһȺΧת
ͣ
ĥȻҪ֣ѧ׾
ÿ˶вͬ⣬ҪǼ˵ⶼѧһ飬ںϳԼ⡣
״Ļʰ絽ж಻ףлҪ׵Ķࡣ
ף΢һһĺС¾ûиɹ
۵ĺ󱳶ͺˣſҪӣ͸Ͻˮ衣
ѡ֡
һƬүĳ޲ֱָ£½ǣüģ
ͲȥæԼϴ
ƽţԼᡣ
üĲ鲻ԸĳȥˡٿżѾʼӣֻͷʣҪ
͹ԹԽӣأҪŶ
ʧĳȥˡ
̳ˡ
ʱսû¾ѣĲ񻰡
˭룬Ȼˡ
ӵĳ⧲
ȵĽˮУԼҪǣӦͦġ
Ͼ¶ͺ
ž˯ˣĺҪ̫ࡣ
˻С̹ͺĹͼ̫һ໤ţŵĲˡ
˯ˣѹʡ
̫Ӧǡ
Űװ۵С̣ɵҡͷʧЦ֪ˣϽϴԼ˯ԡͰɼǰЩӾ۵ĹǺ
İѺʹľͰԡϸĹˣű
С̡
˯ˣܾˡ
ϵζССƬ̡
˭֪
˯ĺˬ
ԴκЩӰһֱͺһ˯
ֲطGϲһֱѷᡣ
㣬ֳϡϡʱ࣬ȥ
ͻ˯š
̣˯ĺܾã˯ڵأûûҹģʱ򶯾ʵ̫СûסҪȥϢ
֪û£̲ס
룬Ǿ̲סЦһԵŹ˾͸ЦӸҲù
Ⱥ˯ѣɫѾˣ۾վ䣬¶Ư
ͷ
˸ϽѹЦŵһ˯ʱūŽ˸š
͵Բ۾Ŵҹɫɵþˡ
ôˣ˯
ץͷϧľԼСͻȻʶһҪ⣬Ǿǵȵ꣬ζҪɣҪѧ飬Ҫͷ
ͷɶѪͲҡ
Ȼÿ춼ҪС룬ҸʲôڣԼķɴͷ
ߵߵѰʮȥˡ
˶ʲôͣҲ𣿡ԼСԴط_
ǡط_ء
Щᣬ֪ôַ͡
öļٷӦ
ͣ
ȥĵĸͷ
ʧ顣
ջϪݣͼѾڴˣȻǡʫ
ôʡ
ЦŻأ˵鳣£ǵʱʱ̶̿żǵס⡣
氮顣ʹչһ𿴡
ʫͷ̬࿴ǺõġڵȻָŷһƪ
͹ԹԵͷȻ֪
ͷͷ顣
طG˵ӵʱ򣬾ͼЩԸ˵ҹڴ˴˯˼ڣطGˣŷˡ
طGźߣĥôסͣԼԸסڴ˴ա
ȵһգͿʼˡ
ǹģ̰ҹļ£ûߵԵʡ
ͣ
귨ļҽôûߡ

ͰЩӣԲ˯ãǹ߰һ̾
ͣ
½һСɲ𣿲һѡ㡣ų

ĿۣҪ˯ųɣʮöϥлϥ£ȻΪߴʤ
ͣ
귨ԹŵįΨаȾơ˼
Զԡ
ˡ
ͶУ֧ⲻ
Ͱͷſӣ˼
飬;ÿϷ
Ȼ
귨ĹȻһһģһ
;;Сͣ밢ˡ
⻰ˣʲôʾʾ̵ĸϣ˵ʲôûá
̾
ǰһ̾Ҳ񡣡
ʲôͷ
ש㡣ϷϹӿ
̵߹˽ЩӣϪסգ֪귨ˣ
һĻɵЦȴְס
ѽ귨
ȻطG׼ӡ
񿴳ͷŸϽѺӸ̻ؼҡ
⿵˯طG˯Ҳ˶˵Щڻĸһ˯ֻ֪벻ͣǺ벻ǡ
װû
ذɣͲء
طG죬ŷôأͼڿֿõСţֶű֭С̵ġ
תˡ
Цĵ⣬̣붼룬ô̵ĳˡ
룬ܴ
Щ˵̫ģϾаһ˵Ҫ⡣
ʱ֣طiüģ̵Ĺ밲˼ʳ˵ԼҪ˯
ͱǷʱҲ
طiһᣬֱ̱ùˡ
̣ȻЩҲཻָмáطiܿ˯
˯ѣ;ˮĿģĶ̹Ķá
˯ĺ㡣Ĵ˸Ƿ
ɺ˯ĺͣ˼⹬ͷ˼죬䱸ǰȴܼ·ɡ
˯ĺˬ
ֱ˿ǶԺûʲô뷨
ֱһգʱŵѰ밲˵ĿɺˣʺʵĿɺóԵĿɺãǲǺܿġ
ţ§ź;ϴԻҪ˯

մͷ˯ˣ壬ǵС˼òˡ
ȵգͺˡ
ʱֵ׼㵽ǰգź˯Ҳܽܣͱɣطi񲻼ãҲۡ
ȻϵʱطiЦеˡ
ͬеĻаطG
طG˵ɫˣºҹ·£һ̡
طiкӲµģһϾȥסҲ֪һϵ׽

ǿʹ޵
׻˵ǣѣֻҪŪߡ
һ£ߣҪͻ̫˯ˡź͵ĺ죬Ťͷߡ
طG
طi
ڲںͶԷӣǺͺʧˣǺͶԷ·ϣһټǹ
ˡ
طiűӣɫϾطGͻȻе۸ʵ˵Ρ
ѽϡͼҲ
طGüͷ
ڹĶۣӻС԰ӻɿɿ졣
ˡطiЦеĿطGЦŵˡ
ûá
ʹûܹƷ
Ǻ͵ҡ˵
طGͷлָ㡣
ͦõģǰǱ
Ȱοˡ
ͱһЩ£ſûʲôӣСԴʣҪ˯
С̵ζ
ϲԾЦңʺ塣
͵ͷ
ܿͳΧ޷԰Σſüͷ·˼룬壬ЦҪԵŶ
ذء
˵žͷصĺУüҪԸŹȥͼСϻȺмĳ͡
ء
ĴԴ˷ܵұģɵԶԡ
ǲǳܶࡣ
ءɶ
СϻֲĴܳȥˡ
Ϫݻľˣ˴֪ϻҲֻ֪ҪԹԲȥòûϵ
͵СԴЦֲ˼˵ˣе񡣡
һԹ
طGԻҲһԹ
ǰطGܶԺùԼȨܶҲǺõġ
ûиϲĵճӣܿ
յüòϧûʲôϡܼ͡
үӣһǡ
طGҡҡͷ
⺹뷨˭ҲҲˣʲôҲ˵
ֻܾˡ
ü
ͽطGüͣůɫҫϣ°߲Ӱ
ϵʱǰһ
ڴ
طGԼ߬ȭͷĴƣ£š
ϸϽֻϸ׵СһڴĿطG
ǹǽ޳Ĵƻ򿪡
ʲô
Ȼ
ŴƳչʲôûС
ϻЩɻǰ֣ģأ
طGһ˵ɰ㡣
ϴƲסЦݣطGŪ־
ЦŵԽĵˡ
Ȼƭˡ
طGɫ䣬ҫ£Ⱦϼ飬ǳЦŵ֪ģүա
ЩŲ
ţ׽Ū˼һһȥָٽԼָȥܿʮָۡ
΢Сġ
طG죬ֺڣŪ
үɰ㡣ǿ˵ꡣ
˵ԼĶĲӡ
ƫƫϻһ¡
Ͻĺһۣĵźͣ˵Ļˡ
۹Ų䣬񿴼͸Ź΢΢Ķ
߳ʲôòѽʲôţġ
ȻֵǿӲһطGġ
˯ɡ˵
ü䣺𣿡
طG
յĸЩ£ֵֹġ
ҲֵֹСϷ
귨ᵹ𣿡
귨˫Ȳ˫ưڵϣͿתȦ𣿡
귨һ¾ʹϷ𣿡
꣬СЦŵ뿴Ӽˣ˵Щһ˸ɲˡ
۰Ͱ͵ģ뿴
˯ɣиˣĸ㿴ǻʵ۲Ǻ
죬仰Ĺ򣬿ӿѾ׽磬С͹Ĺĵģſɿɰ
һ˯ѣ;ԼЩҹμзѹˣôצӡ
֪ôˣ͵֫ѹؿڣһֵ״˯
⣬֫ͷϣա
˯ˡ
ֲôֵˣơ
Źȥн̷˾ıЩˣʱ԰棬ٽлʰ綼ŻϷ涣
һ˵⳩԰˲һʼϷ̨ӣʰĺ
˯ѣһ׼
Ϊ˽ţʲôû˵ˣŸ˵
ͣ
Ҫжˡ
ҹ˵һ죬ܿϣɼǿĻϣܺð졣
һ߽᳡ͼзﶼˣУҲССӵһ𣬼ֱ̨ϳϷĻ֡
һ˵ү̫ݵǵһĿʱմҹѤĿȴա
رΧ궥ڼͷС˶ûʶŶ
͡
ƯǺΣգ߿׹꣬Ʈ
ˣ˵Ƽ̻תŲðƯ̻
ϧ￴
͸˵ü䣬ƣཱུСػ귨̫˰ȣÿ
С첲Ҫ
ٸ߸߲ܿԶ
סϼͷܿĸԶź˷ܵҲŹ𴽽ǡ
ϲ𣿡
ĺϲ
ʰãžģžմ̼ĿͲɵø¸ֱ֡
Ŷ𣡡קſĶ䣬ѹʣ귨ܲܣ
ҡͷ
ȴûΪ̨ϳȥһؽеСϻ÷׮ϣһֻʨһֻݡ
ġݵһ
ءС˿쿴


119 
СϻͱQź, ˵˫˷̨ܵϵСϻ
ءСҰ
Ͱͷ, ֵСӣɵø¸ֱ֣ͦСظ, һĸܣûСϻ
Цͷ
Сϻһʵ벻
ɽּҰ, ںͽ֮¾˶, ԭհŹ飬᲻ˡ
ϿͷŸ߸ߵСϻ޵Сϻ̫
˶۵Ŀ, ܱ˵Ժ˭õϻ£ûɣǳˣ֮˭档
رС磬ſ޵Ķкü, ԽǺ, Խ뿴
һʱ䳡ּˡ
Ͱͷ, һĿСϻ
Դ, Ҫ·, ͼСϻ׷ӣ̨
ߵĿ˿ţȵš
ûôСϻĸ·硢ȴ˲̬г
Сϻһ
øٶȳ嵽͸ǰŰףɿľᡣ
ƽϲ֡
򵥵ĸ֡
ǰ, СϻĴԴЦеȻԣ
Сϻʱ˷ˣ֣ɵÿˮҪδ
ء㡣
ͷԹţ̺¡
СϻԹ£ſڿȱߣĴ˰һû¶
̨ӼͷŵСϻȴ˼ֽ
Ӽͷ̫Ѿܴˣɹ۾ΡСϻأԺ˯
ԴЦź𴲻ȥ
ǰ귨һֻ࣬ˣҲ֪Σ۶СϻûСϻãϲĲˡ
ء
Ѿܴˣǵ·ΡΡС̣ǰͻܱ幬ڲˡ
Сϻ֫ŵظһߡ
ء
ԡ
˵ŻһϪߣͼطiź𪣬ʩʩȻ߹
ͷһμʱλ߹
˻̫Ѱ
±Ǩ컯Ūˡ
Żͦ˼ġ
硣Ц⣬Ļ
еϻȴ񹧽̫밲򰲡
Ǿǳ궼Ҫͷ
ЦеİʲôҺͶϵã㵱׸
𪣺
⻰ǰ˵ġ
ͻȻ˵е㲻ϰߡ
ȴӻˣõŵĵطԸһǡ
˵;ñŤ
̧طiü밲пգ
طiס峯Ļ̫պݺݵĳ˳Цʱʱпա
һ޹Ŀ
пվпգ
ܲ
طiϲԹСն˳ˬ
귨أһͲˡ
Ϫݣӣ󳼣û¡
һֱΪǵɫģ룬ʷûۣ˵
ദľˣȷʵŮɫȻ٣ȴǬ¡һ
ȥ󹬣æµǲ
ܿܳ
СϻϣĵĶ˾Ͱҷ㣬ˤˡ
꣬һ⡣
ܾԾ
ȻСϻĸطiܣΪǶȡ
ȵϪݣúõģ;磬̵ȥҪżˤһ¾ͱסˣҪˤӡ
СϻһҪյĳûɲסһ°Ѻڼĵ̺ϡ

ﻹŲյҪˤ
ͼһӻƵӰʹ
ͣŻ
ޱĴӵ̺һӷһԶʵ̫ˡ
ءСϻ
ǹգ
Сš
СϻצӱͷʱܲûСĲۡ
Ȼۣ߹ǳʣô
Сϻһ
Ͷˣû£Щߵ˼
ˣֺֺЦ
һԷŭĿѾˡ
ȡɤӣЦĿźͣѹд˴񣬲һϷˣֵˡ
һԹ
귨ľͺá
˵ſ̨¹ŵ飬˵飬Щʵǰ̫ʱ˶Ϊĵֵ룬Ȼǡ
ֱȥû˶˷ˡ
ţһϺ飬֪⵽ôѿǳ
ߵףūˡ
ɰͰ͵ļ֣ÿüԳŭ
Ϳƶɫס˺Ϳ̸ֻͷ֪˴ʲôա
ûǻһĬĬţ˼ΪʵʵҲᱻӳ⡣
áӦˡ
Ȼ̧ĵͷѹūߵлʶ
ȥڷⲽƬ̣ɫ
ͼ㣬ͽʾﻹźģ߽ѾɢĲࡣ
ҪǣֱݷϳԵôûкôãȻҳ϶Ȳ
һɱ˲Ѫ
ӣⲽȥˡ
տżһ㡣
һ
һ̣նþоƴ䣬ƫƫ˭Ҫ˵һã˲켫ˡ
ϹЦϸĵİͳϪݣС̫źš
ŽݣһԵĿɫѿûʡ
ôʣ˵˵
ͣ
Ϊʲôʡ
һ˵ܷŭ˵ףۣһûʲôƢΡ
СԴ̣
ʱ
ǵſ棬˵˼һƬǣǲЩɵ
ӷŭˣ̫أ겻Сˣ
۾Ҳ̫Щ
ѿڶ̫Ӷ֣ÿɫһͣ𲻸ˣ˵ˡ
̵ɶһԴ룺ϳбס
˲֪˵ʲôá
˭ãƾ˭еˣȥˡ
ŭˣ˵һѡý̵
ͣ
ô
Ȼѿ̴ͷ⵽β
̫̹ҵͳʡ
һЦ˵ôԣ˼ô˼
˵ʲôɽ׸ıƣΪ㸴Ҳøģֵǽλ˶òá
ıкͳͷıֱػء
ʣµ鶼ý
ô˵Դ²⣺Ҫƾٴ󲮣
Ҳ
ֱãձϣȻóˡ
ҡͷҪƾط롣
в˭һס
򢣬˼ƾֱҲ⣬ʲôʱط빴ˡ
޵Ҫһ޲Ը̧ٵǰ޵ĳнꡣ

ͰĵȲ裬˳ᢣЩȻڻ£ֻҪӣʲôıܣúúõ
׷ȷʵЩħˣѹţҲȷʵλչĺá
Ӻ
ӺʢԿͷԭġ
Σˤ۲ۣ
ҡͷ
СˤˤƤɳÿ졣Ȱο
ûסǳЦת˲ְ
ͽҪȥСϻŤͷ·ˡ
ȻС԰ӣһ˷ܵʣˬˬ
СҪģٲˣ˵ŨҪүҲˡ
Լ°ͣٺһЦ˵ⲻҪأ
ذĸоȷʵˬ
գüͷһ壬ɫ
үҪԲˡ
ľ飬˶Ǻɢ֪ô㿪ģǺܶʱ򣬶ö
ˣҪôãҪôĻεֲ
ͣ
²ûֺе
ȻȵڶطG˵̫Ӻ󣬿ûоܾв
˲õźţ̫ӵԽԽ졣
Ϊ°϶Ȼܳɵʱ򣬱ʳˡ
ȻطGԴͷӣһƬҾ׵Ļһ㶼û̻̫Ǵ̫ӡ
˶ã̫̫㾡ȫλΪ֮ĬҪԻ̫ռ̫֮λںʵʱ̫û
üͷżˡ
ҲҪôΪˡ
źͰ۵СѾڱСŮСѾˮ飬ָӣָͷҲҪ
˻㣬ϸŸɾʪһһĲš

ҪϹɣôɾ
ͼ죬͵͵ĿһȦѸײڶ֮ƣ˿ǷཱུĴֺ

⣿һĺüƲߣ
˰ˡ
εҡͷŪĵ˵ȵزʲôѾӡ
͸ܵȵߣϽԼĽţһ¡
ѽŽΡһĺ˵˵
һܲ
뵽̫ӵ¶ĴǶҪˣܵĲˡ
귨Ϊ·ǣ˵˵СԴͼתƻ⡣
ƾ̫ӸΣ
귨ѵ֪¶Ѿʹ𣿡ԹԵ²ż汸ǰᣬЩԺˣһعһա
ҾӦøԼĻᡣ
Ǹӡ
̫λôδȻ̫֮λǰ̫ָ
һ㶼֪ΪԼǡ
Ҳû°ԺȥϣȥҲУ֮󣬻û֮ٲãڸˮʦδȥ
ʹ֣δ
뵽һ룬ͱԴˡ
Ц
;ͺٺٵЦл귨أôôңҲţܡ
ҡڲˣ˲֪˵ʲôá
ȴڸ̾Ů˵ĵ׼ǰﻹ˵귨ҪԲ£жԲ
ڲ֪ȷʵͦԲġ
̫Ӹ̫ͲϲΣʵˡ
Ըܵø˴һᣬңõģҲ꣬ȳˣǲǵԼ̫ﻹһ
Ŵǡ

ڶգطGٴ̫ӣв
;֪ɰܶա
طiϷʵĿ⣬ͰӣЩԼǳĸʵˡ
ա
һ磬طG־ɻᡣ
ȻвݣҲη壬ֿϡ
ͲΪͷĺ룿һĿʮеĿ̧ۣŵ¹ŵĻӡ
طGأ꣬ûйļңΪӣΪҪԾΪ
ƣ˵úã㿴ź˵ͬ⸴̫ӡ
̡
طGɫһЩҿͣȻ֪Ϊ̫طiһ٣ϵ
䳰˵
᲻ú¶ʧɫطGá
Ȼ
ͣø̫Ρ
ͳʲôǹ¹죬ڿտĴ
ͺԥĵͷơ
һʱò׼ͼطGأ󺹰긴̫ӡ
Ҫ˵ԼЩûʵļҹˡ

ڰ֣˵ݺ飬ͼطiʩʩȻִǰ
ü
⼸գطi߶ζЦ⣬ǿһҪĻ־磬̬ȣҲԥ
ԹһԾŶȻΪ̫ûгϦĵĵ
̫ӣ̫ӣ̫ȻϣȻпѿΣʵٸ̫ıƣȴܼ̤ƣʶԽܸ֮ԣ˼
ɫһ
ȷʵи̫ӵ뷨Ͼ̫Ȼ´£ֻһˣʵޣ˲áǰᣬû·Ȼͬ
û뵽û˵û˵ԼԴϬ޲ܰԼ·նˡ
Уһ˹з֮գ֪͸Īɣ㶨Ȼᡭ
ᡣطi̧߰򢣺²ᡣ
ˡ
۷׷ס
طGЩ£ǰЩһֱúõģôͻȻ
Щͷ۵üġ
طiȴ̲סЦЦڴ𣬾ܿסЦͺܺãʱգȻһ񺹰
£ԳԺȺɹ̫§ˣ§С̣ա
⡣
ʹøϵĿɫ࣬ŭ
˵ǵϧϪݣֻƳĿۡ
Ȼû뵽Լۿᷢۡ
ͼ
طi˵գһʱһ۽ǣ졢µڡʵ۵ǰ̫ӣں¡
طi޲֮ģһ뺹档
ѹ֣ȴ
ۿǵķۣҲһĻӦǽ
ͨһŹ¡
С⻽
طiɫڿֱУ°ݣطi̫
ͨһһʹã
è˶ˡ
̫ӷµдһУڿȫߵ
˶
طGһŽµĵש
̫Ӹ϶ˡ
ôţˡ
ԼƽΪصļ̳ˣίԼܵס
ɫӲطiһϮʯɫĳϵĶ鶼˹
ССһţͰ͵ĺطiԶ
ֱ⡣
ҧ۵Ļš
ȻĶƫģһʼƫҲˡ
룬ϥǰ泯£ѿΣԸ⸴̫ӣ׼


120 
һƬž, š
ŴдżᶨĻ̫ʹ֣ص̫ӡ
ۡ
۽һֱע˼ˣˡ
̫Ӳ̫, жŤת, ʵĻ˵һʱɤ, ոж
̫λ, һֱôѣٺĹ, ô᲻, Ĳ˵
Ȼ
д, ֮˵󲻱ᡣԵڴ, ȵġ
˼
ȥɫԸԳϣա
طi񣬲ɫ
ǹЩ͵Ļȣϼ, ô˵ʵЩЦ⣺үʥ
, ȥ
ºͣЦȻֻԼֹ֪֮ϷŪ
طGѩ׵ָѹϣĪ硣
ط룬ûöԲ, һжĻˣ֮䣬Զ֮ϡط_ɫãȻ£϶˭֪·תȻһڻؾ
ſȥиļžûκ춯ͻССͣǰطiѹ
طiЦԴԡ
֮ʵһƬг
طGǰĬĬطi
жݵ˷粨ȴֹıѹ£طiʼݪŪݣﶼæĲС
ԽµŲʶ˼̻
͹۲켸գͻȻֹϤУתԼ꣬գѹ꣬ûоʲôϤĵط
طGԡ
ΪЩǲҪ
Ϥŷʡ
ƶĵͷһߴȵĶЦʣأ
źȡļؼʣĬĬذתطGϣ˵ʲôϤĵطžˡ
طGü
ҲͰˣȻҲʲôײɡ
µһˣٴѡ
طG˼޳ʳָ˵򢣬ΪҪˣ

˵ģºֺÿҲпܵģģطG
ǡ
Ȼһ̫һǴԽ־òܡ̫ӵĳɳ켣
кһ
һУֻصȥԼͣصޡ
ȻԳıΧ֮ڣ罭ϣȵ޷֮ʱ̡
˭֪Ϳײˡ
ֻ˵㲻㡣
ҲٵԲߣδȻ֪Ӻʤߣôƾ̫ԼıյӺ
Ͼֵܵλ˳ӵλþҪˣҪڿڡ
˵ײȨ֮ƣ֪ܻʮ꣬ôʮУʱŪ̫ôֺܺõķ̫Ӹ˳¡
ڻ̫£ͼıչ
Ͳɵû̾
뵽ģطGҲ뵽üͷƾ̫ֻҪʮ֮ǰ
ʣµĻ˵
һߡ
˼Ӷ˶һۣ𣺡꣬ˡ
طG
˼£ֱӾһˣʵ벻
ԡطGΡ
ϸϽ˰ţЦŵײóء
һ㶼ǶճԵĶ࣬ůͣòԣһҲʡ
أ۰Ͱ͵Ŀš
Цٲˡ
˵Եͷͷǵ˵仰ͿʼĲɡ
طGЩ뿵˾ٵʲô˼ǰƽ飬Ȼǵ˰ʾȻִŵŬ£Ѻ͵Ļ̫֮λˡ
˵ۺ춨ɣôƵһͻõ½⣬һᱻ÷Ŵ󾵿ˡ
Ǽȵߡ
طiңʵһ˿ģóĹۣһֺµĿʼ
꣡ǡʹ
ˡطGء
ţʱ;ǣĸ֣ߵߵ߹
ɶſˮʡ
Сڳˡ
һûɶǰڼóԡ
ʱͲţſϣཱུСſɰˡ
ϵЦʱ͹ԡԡ
ڶδ˵ڣʱС־Ѹײڶ֮ƣٵץ˿
طG
û̡
Ҳû
̲̣཰۵С֣֭죬۾ָ
ѽʱ۾ˡ
죬СͣͷĻΡ
ͺĿ𣿡
ʱ⣬ɲǼϸˡС죬ίͰ͡
¼͵
Ĳ˵㣬üСΣʱԼ
ϳƬ̣ԵûеĶ࣬ǰæ;˵ʲô˵ıܣԷԸԼ֣ʲô˼
ûһֿܣԵֻС˵ֻ㣬ֿСͺ޲ȥСĸüġ
ðɣ̶ԡ
̵İþ˯һ쵽˯ʱǰû󹦷Ȼ˯ʱʹһء
ĵʱӾ¿ɰ
ʱͳԵĿģżš
ÿ찡ȥ껹Сӣת˲Ѿˡ
طG˹زŴǣүȥæˡ
úĻźϼƺϼԺ·ôߣףеʲôҪĿǰͷ
ĹңطG֣ȥȥɣһչ˺öġ
һĵı顣
طGͷʾ⣬ת뿪
͸ŵĹҲˣ˵ǽӶ࣬Ҫȥӡ
ʱ򣬾ͼطi¡
զ˲𣿡ͺ档
طiһ޹ȥ귨˵˵¿϶ûµġ
һģϳˣ
طiǲˬýߺ͵Сƨɣѹвȥȥȥ°һ١
ͳɤӺ
귨˵һҪƨɣ
طiɫһ䣬Ͻס죬ȻѾˣѾˡ
ͼڴŲͼ߳üͷطi۸
طiһ޹ûУһ£
Ͳɵôסʲôʱ򽾰̫Ҳˣ벻
СԴطiüۣ˼귨ŲӣҪƴܣ죡ݺݵƨɣ

͡طi·Щû
Ťͷߣɡ
ͺٺһЦȇNɪ꣬ͱסСӣཱུƨɵһơ
ӡè̿޿ޡ
ִʣʣΪң
ܵиɰɡ
ƽô״㾹Ȼûѧɹɼû¹򣬲˭
è̱ʾѧˡ
ѧʲôˡ
˵ʱҪҸҲΪõĽڡһȻ
˰˼죬Ϳʼĥӡ
ͻȻüͷ
˽ҷܻ¸Լ˵ž̲סЦˡ
ǽҷıոҲţһôԲ̣¸ʲô¸һ
ңˡ
ĸİˡ
Ҫ㶫£ûиۡҪ˵磬Ա˲
һʷ
÷£ȵڶϳʱ򣬻ر˵Ӳӣ۾
ʷͱժñӡ
ĥζˣڵеƽ֮
ǰֱ̧̫Ӵ̨ʲôĥʯƽĺ뷨ȻⷨȻֻҰġ
ǰЩӳ赽˶ΪҪ̫ӣתһǹûʲô
ֿʼ̧ȻҪѹһѹ棬ҪҪ̫š
˼
۾ʵȶĹϵǶȻڱ־ƵĴǰȻ
ԾͶѹ磬ѹͶ磬Այķӡ
ʲô⡣
⣬ΪƺһЩѹ
³󣬿˴񣬺;һ̵꣬Ц귨ˡ
§ӿӿСӣЦΣôˣѾѲˣҪ
ǰĽ
;ͺٺٵЦڿѣ̹Ĳˡ
ӡ
æһٵͷͼﻹſŰһѣȴ˯ˡ
Сİ££ཱུĺ˯СŻȻӦҲꡣ
ǸСءЦ
֪˰ģ統Īʶ任ġ
ϣһֱҪ䡣
ҡͷʧЦ§ӣе᲻÷¡
ӳĺܿ죬ת˲ͳ㱧סˡ
ǰЩ࣬࣬⼸յˡ⾫Ưӣǻ顣
һʱƽ
ֱ˱յĳţյıȦа缦һ粨ûС
꣡⴫һЦ
ʱЩۣطiǰţԴ򵱳ݺ󣬾ͳ׵ķŷҡ
ȥ㣬ȥԣæĲˡÿλҪͶԡ
һֻҰóԡطiдŽ
ͷ۵üġ
һ޿£תתǵطɷӵĺܴʮ壬飬ȥģٽϰ壬ͷ½棬ʺҪͽ壬ǮǮĽ
¸һٷԸ
ϾҰȵȣʵ˺ЩӣƼ;ûζ
üǸʲôϡ
طiЩʧ䣺´Ҳó𣿡
ĴԣҪϪһ֣ȴĥ
óԣŬĵĺǻܡ
ۣˬôô棬òˡ
ȰȵĿ
Ͱ˵һ£Ҫ𰸡
طiװûŤͷߣѽɸˡ
ᣬרŽСūͣԿ
ü綼£طiǵԼԭʼֱӼ룬ǰŷ鶼
ˣмžͿճ;ططӶϣǹϵĺˣûв
ȴЩɣûǶ˵ϰߡ
귨ԡָҲͦ˼
ˡ
ڼططɢôʱգҲĥˡ
ѸٵİܲӸˡ
˶֪Ǻ͵ĹͣǲĲ£طЩͷȻԣճûʲô⡣
طӾͲˣ㼲ȻҲעͲҪۡʵĽ
ż˵ĺѶð첻ˡ
˲£Т㣬һ꼢ĹȥˡǴмǡ
ȴΪ⣬ôʰ磬ȴһڶûЦ󷽡
̹󷽵ĸ£ЩԥİѰǵθڸιˣ;Ц߾ûɾأ⵽ʱԲͻطԡ
Ȼ£ɴ嶼ûˣʲôģ
룬û˵
о⻰Ҫ˵϶Сƨɣϲ񣬵⵹Ҳء
бһۡ
Ĭˡ
ͷĻʰãȴûԼıͳ㰢Ϊ
ĥЩˡ
ĺСɵӸܾˡ
˭֪
գ̵Ӧ£ĲˣŶ귨Ҳ̫ء
֪ˡ
Ȳⶺ
͹ԹԵĵСԴǻ귨Ķ䣬Ǻ£׻˵ߴͲɴǣ㿪ҲģΪʲôȲ
СͰȰȵģʲô˵ˡ
ٿǿǡбʾζŨ
ͶˣСȥ׿귨µһõĻ귨˭ҲȲϡ
һЦķϣ޾ˡ
˵ŽȥʥּȻˣȻҪ߹Ͼ̫ĸס
Щпĳˡ
ͻС԰Ӻ󣬲ûסȻʥּطGֲ
Ͳ뿴㰢㵵㣿дպ塣
룬Լž޲żɫҲ;Ӷ࣬뿴˵Ц
ǿбסˡ
СûиСǲضزס
طG綼ˣȴʲôû˵
ǻ룬С̲ڱʲôˡ
Ȼ
ա
̫ܴȵĻš
ȴױ磬ʰĺ
Ҳʰʰܲȥ档һʱҲõĽˡ
ϵ²Ŀʼױ磬ΪһطGȥԡ¡
˵ϵѳ
˷ܳطGҲû˵ʲôֱˡ
ϴ¾棬Ȼ֣صĸоһĸطG򴽣ر۾
Դ̥һ¾ˣʧ˼
յϪȥˡ
̶ӣһ·ҡУɻ󲻽У̵ĻС԰ӣ׼ʱ䡣
һ˵̣ϺطGﶼˣϴλǲ̫ʲô
Ȼ⣬ȴǿٵľַ㣬ȴʥּ
طGѹģ
ͻȻģûһͷԡ
ҵģͻȻ˷ϲ̵ҫ
ԺǾͲĸǻ̫֮ĸˣͻȻӦ
᲻ģǰòˡϲ²⡣
ǰ󰢸ΪֱΪϿİȻֹ˱ա
ʱҲͦƣϾ޼û˵ܶ࣬ϣ֡
طG֣ȥѹϲ
˭֪͵ˣһĿʼ̣һ㰵ʾҲû
ϺطGϪݵķţźʥּ
꣬˶ס
Ƕ´ˡ


121 
, С˵ǳЦŵӺӺּ
طGǰ, Ȼλ֮ɫ, ͻأĲ, ʵ˾ϲǷ
ʥּϪݵķйݴ, Ż
Цеϲⲻ̲̼
طGɫ, ̾˿ʻŽһͣС΢, ȴڻϡ
ϲ̼ƽƽ
͹СգٺٺٵЦϲɡ
ô˵, Цеĵͷ˵Ķԣȷʵܾϲ
, ԹΪףӸ֮پڸ, ΪӸȻۡ
Ȼӷ˶Ǹͷһˡ
͵СɷҫȻϲ, Ȼӵҫֱϲ񡣡
ɷûôˡ
̵롣
ͰŰС, ס֣ϲͺá
ŶϲʤĺգС˭ˣѾĶ, ꣬ô㲻ӷ⣬Ҳᱣԭеҫʱ򻹻ټһʾ䡣

طGԱ߿ţҲ𴽽ǣڽ»ЩƮϾҰֱҲǿˡ
ΨһǷ̫طi
˵ڶ
ȷʵˬطG˫ģź͵СǹõĻȣСӣȻմĹˡ
Ͱˮ˫̵𣿡
طGߴٵЦеͷġ
ϴɽ˿˯һ
ͻȻ˯һˡ
ϾϵǮƶȥˣе
ͣ
롣
˵˵ЦЦģطGֺǺǵո磬λֵ۾ֱۡǰµֱˡ
;ˬ
ټطG¶ʱԲɵǳЦգգͳޣЦŵЦÿ
˵ſϣʾϽ䡣
ǡæһ䣬ǳʯ䡣޶
⡶ʯһͶʱĹƣһ̾ǶȻ˴ϻۣôϵʫ䡣
طG죬һۡ
оԼסҪЦתߡ
ʣյ϶յĺ͡
κġ
Ժ˶áͰԼСָͷ㣺ٹ꣬Ҹͷ귨һ
ͷһ
͵СǴˣðţǼױ㰢꣬Ҳ޶ȣġ
ߣС
ǳɻǰ˶Ժ·ƽ˳ˣһָоǵһжźˣôү͸ˡ
ԺЩסϲöûˣŵĹǺ
͹ԹԵͷСԴǻ귨Ķ䣬ġΪ·ߣǻģ˵
ϵͷ
˶иôֱʵ۵ݱ
ҪģȻҲкܶรûеȨλҪߺܶࡣ
ţ֪дЩ⣺ЩҫҲȨҲգڶﲻ֮һ
ֻҪƽϲ֣ʤ⣬ζԸġüۼЩǳ
᣺һúõģġ
ŵͷ
˺Ƭ̣ľ˹ֱͷ޽ٵ߹ЦĶطGͺʹǧЦŵϷˣ͸ˡ˵
طGǧ˲ͰֵܹѪ
طAЦͷһΣϹҪġ㲻ģźС̫ﻹҪ˸ġ
һ̬ˡ
;Ǵأˣ˽ˣԱִ
һȥȲ裬طAЦҪæҾͲൢ飬ϲӺϲϲ
طGסȻ֪Ҫæֵ֧Ӧţʡ᲻ִ£æˡ
طA˵ЦӦ£ȴ룬ǲһˣ˵˹ࡣ
Цŵ֧Ӧ̸ϣڴ˴Ȳ赹ǿԡ
̸ЦţϾȥæԼġ
;һԵ֣
طAطG̸ۣŲ裬ʱʫ飬ڶطAź޷Ӧĺͣɵüʵ̫ڴ˴֣ó𣿡
طĢĿ˺һۣĵ˽ﻹ;ͺã˵⡣
ЩˣµӡͳԼ磬ˣרעԼ¡
طA

޻˵
죬ܿ屴վˣһ˵˵ЦЦģһӹء
ǳĬϲˡ
ʱطG΢ǰк硣
طiкһ㱣ʱǰֵܼԼҪĵͷͰˡ
ԼҪ밲̬ܹŴںϡ
ȻĬϣȺУ˲ĸо
͡ϹʵЦݣһ
ãȻ̧߾۽ʱ򣬶ʱЦˣ
Сˡ
طiʱȵĸβǰһѽЦĺû
ܶܶ롣˵꣬ССҲǼװûмء
طi
С̡
ǵһò裬Цŵϲ£㻹
͹СһΪԵԼ
û뵽𰸵طiԶԣĻ硣
˵ЦţܿԽԽ࣬ٽ磬˶ʼȥ˵
طGһһˡ
Ȼʱ򣬾񲿵ĹԱ˵Ҫ⸮ۡҪӱյĹƸĳơ
̫ĸۡʱŲع칬Ǿĵ̡
߻˵ѣҪȡ
ҪǰƳҲء
գýֺ֯ҪӺתˣϾûŪ
һʰͣŵߵߵϪȥææµµһԶ֪ƣ롣
˯ĸʱŹ˯ʱ㾫ȡæĸС۷һ˿ûͣЪ
귨ͰͷǰĿЦеľСͶӵʥּϲˣ޻귨ʴȡ
СȰȵģѧطGϵĸӡ
껹Цˡһǲ˵һЦˣ˵һѧ׶Цˡ
Ҳ
Ц˾ͺá
ִ֣ҲܵϾԼ̣ģž;ܵ
աֺǺǵϣԺܶЦЦЦܺÿܺÿԽǲЦˣżЦֱʯ쾪һ
ͬĵͷ
´νǰЦһЦŵ
͵ͷЦеԺЦŸ¸֡
طGŸ¸ֵĳԼȱסЦˣ
ЦлطGЩĪ˿
Ӻ

ĽŲطG߽밲ͼһڴĿ
طG죬еϲһգ˼⵽׷ʲô
ģЦһպԡ
طG
ҪҪ˵ʲô
һ
Ȼȴ̲סЦˣɫڵطG뻹ȽϤҪŴ¸֣ӦûẦ¡
طGǰ밲ȿ˵ĻתȥҪȥλ㣬Ϣ
ϣϵˡ
طGޱ롣
ˣ͹ԹԵڿ밲ӣһ˼֣ǲѾ黯

طGŵıʲô˼ˡ
Ӧþڵ顣
ǡ۾䣬ʲôˡ
Ͱͷϲ귨͡
ٺ١
׼ӣ洫صžСϻһܽ
ôһһˣܰһƨСֵסԴ
Сϻ˻ӣͰ͵˵һԣصĿź͡
أǲĻˣˣ
أȥҧ
Сϻ׵ĽС
;Ͱ첲ŬȦסͷǰܱͷ챧סˡ
ֱ˲졣
һһɵҡͷʧЦǰﻹЩԺϾг˵ΪϻˣҪֹס̸ס
һһ֮ôгʵ벻
Сϻͷ죬СϻǷŵִǷǳ̣оѾʼȥŷһˡ
ǹŴֻҪԸ⣬ȨԸһж˵
أСϻתȦס
ͻȻԼβ͡
һצȥβͣȻﹻš
;ɵһתȦҧԼβ͡
桭ɰԲԵĿ䡣
СϻֻõĿʱİСԴ
أ
ͰСѾСϻϣŸʼӣСϻſڵϴ
Ҳ䡣
ϻܰѺ󱳸ϻܰѽѾӸϻϻҧʵĽ
ҲС
СϻСʱܻΪԼͱСҳ̵ʱ򣬲ûʲôԡ
ڣѾг껢ĳΣЩˡȴǳˣ԰˯氮
Լӡ
ȹһͼڻͼǷڰϾҵҵʵж
޵ģʡ
̧һ޹ĿŴߴߴġ
⼸ҪͣȻҪϲЩɫһת˲Ļ͡

л֪ȡζĺܲ
˵˵ЦЦܿˣСϻ˯Ĵ
ߣȥ⡣ʹյСϻ̶С
Сϻʱ˦˦䣬һ֧˫ĻĿ峺׵޴
ûо
Ҳ鷿úöȥ
УĽ
ȥɡָָ⡣
СϻɵĿСԴ˵㵽ʱȥҲȥһ
ͰͷЦеԹԣҡ
Сϻš
ƹûζţſںͽ¼˯
ʹԼӣֶ˻飬ֱɣŴ㱳Сϻ͵͵·
Ȼǰ̤żŵĿȾͱСϻҧסˡ
ͷСϻԹ񣬺ͿĴЦ

Цˡ
֣˵޲ڡ
ȻϾӡһžµСЦĿָк

طi˵밲͹ܣÿղĵĺͲ裬ţȻæĸʲôһ
ԻҪ¶ϸס
ϸױʾԼæز¶϶¶Ȼǿ顣
߶߶ĸ˵ÿռţʲôƲʱİףʲôƫһ˿
ģµˣ
طiЦеû
¿ˮ̡
ǰҵҵΡ
Լˬ˵
ô͵ûæԼģȻʱԼæ࣬ǱиԲԵĺСĶԴˣͻԼЩԩ֣ͦҵ֡
㡭ָţ
طiЦⲻǰȭͷһЦһӣŶ죬һһ죬գ᲻㣬ߡ
ˡ
סطiֲߣˡǰ϶İͷĻ硣
룬۵Ĳˡ
طiЦˣǶİ꣬˭󣿡
˵ˣҲ˭㡣
΢˱䣬ȻһͣȻǳ׵ġ
Ļ㹻𣬰㹻ʵִַԵøϡ
ҲǸѧġ
͸ǳԣСλȻˢӡôõСʦȻҪάùϵѧһаʽġ
֣˵ģȴ־оη֮ͦõģײ̫ˣĵλڴȶ
˵ףǸϸĵȻ鲨Ҳת˲͵ڻ
طiĲˣɿ֣ùЦæģڴ˴ڲ衣
ûҲĬˡ
ͷطiʹڰ裬׶רССӣ
źȲȵˮˡ
ڰ֣ͷҲ̧
ż˼ĿıӰ
طiˡ
ԳһЦ
ˣ;Щʧ䡣
ȼˣ˵ȴ
Ⱥͷ󺹵ܽһһɣӵĸ鴿ϣл䡣
еĲһ˿ԡ
ȻͰѻһԵСŮЦеȥ
ˣͺ
͹귨͸㡣
èһĴչ̵Цʲôѽ
귨ȻõĻ귨
أð
ߵǰŰ۵СһĿ
ԼĴƣճȭ״һ棬Щˡ
㿴ˡ
ȭͷԽԽڿҪʱȻըһﭹϡ
ž
̻ϲ𣿡Цеʡ
һãȻĿ
˵õõĻ귨ء
Ȼΰɡ
գգ۾ȦͺˣϹˮһ⣬ȴֻҪ귨ˣͱǰҲɣ۲ۣ
رԡ
ǳĽëڿμˣϽ壬Ƕġ
귨𣿡ʡ


122 
ֻҪ, ҸжԸÿһͿ
ͻȻãԼȷʵ̫, ΪЩϸ֦ĩڶˡ
ڴǰ, ᷢ顣
䣬ϵĺһůĻ, ܹ׵ĵȼɬ硣
Ϊڳź͡
, ǱǸء
ŴЦЦ, ˫ڵķĺ, 뺢ӵ۾ĺ峺
, Ҫôų˵Ľթ, Ҫôų˵ı, Ҫôų˵޴
ԽԽϲ
ź͵С˼, ָûôԲˡ
ƨɵҲ, ǰཱུĺǵ֣Ѿ࣬Ѿûָˡ
˻
, û׶̬ˡ
Щ, ֵĲſɰСԴ
, ʹͷԵĶأҲԲԲֵĺÿ, ϾСӵȻҪԲ
죬ܿæµȥ, ;һԹԹԵĴ֡
ڽæк̺ζЩ޹ؽҪ¡
Ϳصӣɵû, Լˣ᲻ҲǷ̸Цֻҷ
Сÿע⵽ü񣿡
ȵĽ
Լ۵С֣򢣬СԴ귨䲻Ҳ
Լϵ⡣

ЦС̣ʵ˼Ľ
Ӧ㰢ˡ
ҲÿأˡͲסڵĿ䡣
ļ䣬ֿʼ񣬺Ŵȹ裬һĲܺȱģֻܺµ
ûеĺȾͲˣæڱǰʱ䶼ûС
ͼæյܻС԰ȥͼͻһԵĴͣڶŪʱ档
ʱѧյľܹˣֱײϡ
͵ˤˣϽӣЦѽʱСƯ
˵žǣסʱ͵С֣߻ԭλһԵϣЦŴк
ͷһĿ
һֱʱ;Сס
СϻҲӺԺܳ˵ͷϣԴ
ģͰͷʡ
ءûң
ͰͷӶͳһСϻĺ壺ϻˣԼȥɡ
Сϻ̵ģյˡ
ϣ
δ뵽һ죬ܿϻǰȥֻš
СϻűȺͶˡ
أʡ
Ͼͻ˵ǺͰ˱үһȥˡ
ҡա
ϷŻ£Ц㶼ء
˵ЦţͼɫɫЦŵʲôѴ˵ǡ
򴽣ɫӣѹǰһūŵݰϣ˵Ǹ밲
ת밲бȻ¡
˭ѽʡ
ͼüͷ壺Գ¡ƶķˣȴҼǵòӦǺϲŶԣ
һ֪ô£ʱ¶ϲ
ҲˣƾҲ䡣
һãȻôͷͶ֪˭˲飬Щ￴
ǰ껹ȥ˶⡣ϵ
ϾͶˣ˵Ӻû˱ոȥ
⣬Ҳˡϼɫ仹ãȻ͵١¡ƶİ檣һʹҰˣȻʺĶаԵ
ԭ飬ˣ˵ȡ֮ˡ
˵žͲˡԭ䣬ܺԭ乲顣
Ľ졣üͷֲǰȥ飬Ϣɲꡣ
ű˸ڸˡ
¡ƶǰֱֵµֱԣתӺû˽Ĳ磬ת˱ոϣӪĻ֮ˡļһء
֪ˡϱвϲⷬǲˡĶϰͽŷֱӳȥᡣ
һٶʵĶ
¡ƶ໳ۿģ᣺ԭĶݱ䣬̰үᣬĨ˰ˡ
Ķǽ˵ġ
¡ƶʱۼˣ׷ʲôֻӵĿޣһ仰˵
һԵūžǰ˵Ǹ˱ոϵӣŷˤˡ
¡ƶһŭ
Ҳ϶˵¡ƶӣ˵ûʵİʵ£һӪǮ
һǡ
¡ƶӦôãʺ͡
͢ȣһ⵽ףⲻ⣬á

ôء
۸㣿ţ֪ĵطͱ۸ˣǸ˳ۡ
͵ͷ۸ҺͶһ£ĵˡ
ͷཱུ˵ЩڲϽסͣ˵ˣԼȥ顣
飬˲Ͳһˡ
ǲ˸׵ʲôˡ
üţ˵ĻֶεˣӴطiֱͣʺһĴڡ
˵ֱӷԸ
˼ôȥĶȻ¡ƶһ⵽׵Ϣ
үϸϸüǰİôˣ
¡ƶƣʢͻȻ⣬Ҳ֪ô¡
ϢȴüȻˣĥԭˡ
ͷ㲻ϡ
طG˵Ҳüͷһʱˣ̽ʣԩ𣿡
СطGⶺš
ϣ
۰Ͱ͵ĿطGѹʣӦΣ
ذ׵СŽָⶼˡطG᲻öˣүϵۡ
Աˡ
˿
˼ָ⣬ͶطGӣСЦ
ЦˡطG
ãȻУǵͳԵ𣺡Цүˡ
תһۣذ׵СŹ̵գתҡ
طG׷˽ȥ
ζӰ
ڷܱʼ飬һƪۣ˵Ҫ
ûʲôɿġ
ǲ
ӡ
ۺѡ
оԼıʸðˡ
۾˵ǲǲ̫ã
ôãɼͦõġ
ү˾졣
ͽŷܱʼ顣
ҵļһ飬ϸϸܳһƯ֡
һɾϲȴڵţ󿴿ҿ
ǹ͵Ц⣬ûжı飬ͼϿʲô
ӡè治ס
ҺеĺͣҪһè̴Խ²Ұϰԣû취ࡣ
лǰӡ
ŹдĲܰ
رˡ
Ͱͷ̲סЦü䣬̵ٻ귨ء
õһ졣
ˬ١
Ժд۸ԼཱུظɾƱ
̿ȴһĵͷá޵ĺ͹Ȼͬһ㡣
ɵĿɰ
ðݡ
ͳڿ佱޷԰Σ8ʱè̡
ҳӡͰСԴԹԵ
ɻ󣺡ӣ
񡣡;úܿɵúٺٵЦ
ͷ
طKڲˮֱӷׯס
ڿⰺĲƽ񣬱úжӻѣϾ㲻ϴͷϴҲõϡ
ǲʲôã飬껩ǶǮʱĵ
ǲͦõģҲǾСֶβ㣬ٹЩٿ϶ֲһܶࡣ
ôţ
ţˣơ
һСŵӣɵҡͷʧЦ
㵹塣
š
Ǯ˭ϲ
طGطչĲطK϶̶ʱͷһ˲;ãͿҲЩʶϵġ
ͣݣȫǼ
طK밲˶ţϽǧ񣺡ݼ̫꣬밲
;Ц
Խˡ
طKЦЦڿôô˳ۣϾǴģ˵ǵжȴ޽٣ֱƾ٣оͺ˾塣
ǰŰ˸ʱȷʵȻʲôʵݶûС
ĸǰһ˵ӣĺôȴһûٹ
ůĵĽ
ɷӣҲˣȥĸҲ˸ˡ
طKЦӦˣŸȥ
ģˡ
ͺʡ
СЦŵ԰㰢Ĺ͵ġ
ͷĹȻ˾
˼
ء
ԣϽ濴ͼСϻ˫̥ߡ
ءС˾
͸̤żͼСֻʱң˫ֱһ𣺡ѽ
ͣ
ͣĻζ֣һڴĿԼ硣
ʱֻ£Լ۵С֡
ͣ

һдӺδѧġ
˻ɻ󣬼ʱͺͺˣСϻֻĴǰצһ𣬲ͣĻζš
ͣ

̫ܸоһֱѩϲ£ʼܴҰˡ
ѽʱͿڳݲ߶
ͻǾò˼顣
壬ʱЦʣôˡ
ûūŸ棬൱
ЬӶһֻ
ע⵽ʱͰ۵ĽѾڵϣָ˸СŮȥϴŴЬӡ
ʱϪһȺūţһС̫ڵϣϽ͡
˵ǱڽСϻҾ꣬Ͱһžú棬ҲѧСϻıСϻʹ˹һ̫ˣںͷ׷ҲҾСϻŪСӡ
ôһ˵˲ǵѴҲڵʱ򣬲Сϻͺദ
㲻֪ʱԴ󷢡
С̫ϽӦˡ
ʱͺܿϴװ׳ˣСֿſıӣϸĹ۲
꣡
꣡
ĺ
СŮûйͷòôĺӣ˶ˡٱӵֶģָͦСһ
СֻڵƤˣܸСϻһˡΣա

͵ͷӦǣСҲûʲôأһСϻ漱ô졣
Ȼ
˵䣬̾վסˣᣬһԵСϻϽǰţŶ侾Ҳա
Ͳɵ
СϻͷԼȥСֿСץ˺ء
ĺܺãҳʾܽš
СϻΪҪ̣ԼĴצѺ̻ڻͰ͵Ŀ
ϻôﹷġ
ǣź̵С֣ŬҪϳЦеѽСϻԶһ㡣
ޣ˵ġ
̷¡
̲ߣ§Сϻ죬ŵĺĶ첻ˡ
Сϻ죬¶Լݣ˵ŵˮû
ͣ
ˡ
ѲСϻˣûʲôˡȻСϻڿһС̫ʱֱΣ
˵ͦϰס
ڴʱطG̺ʱͶúõģ˿
òᣬκһҪˡ
أͺʡ
ôͰˡ
֮ɫطGһϱ˲Щ·û
ˣһҪܵĶ
Ҳüͷ΢塣
طG˵Ӳ·üۼ͸¶ϲ⣬һͲԾ
ϲˣǳһطGûסŴ¶һĨǳЦ
ҲЦˣúúã㸮Ͽ˵ϲˡ
˫˫⣬Ҫ
·̫ǳһءطGǫȻô˵ȴİͷ
̥һֻ꣬ˣɼǸиġ
̥꣬ɲˡһᡣϾرĸ壬ǲҪˡ
šطGͷ
ջϣ϶ȥһ̥£˳ȻҲΪܾġ
סСϻС˳Цеˡ
ء˵ɶ
̺ʱͱȥιˣҲСϻ̫ᳵ·һ·žˡ
طGȥǰǸӣɵ
ôЦһЦտܡüëӴ
ĽǶֻҪ΢΢£ƨϡ
طG
ˣΪʲôҪᣬ̫˳˲ɡ
ţɵý
˳ǣͼ¶͵Ц⣬ȴʧˡ

ˣЦˡǳˡ
ȴҲ£Ұ۾Ц
˵𷽲˵ϲӣɵõͷ
ȷʵˡ
ҲöЦЦëá
طGͳ˳ǣźһ۾۵ı
;Ц
û£ͺܺѽÿÿ˵Ըϲ꣡
طGﲻϽҲ
һҭụ̈ΪĿںһϺȡ
ã褴ƸǡЦ
°ͣطGݣǰʲôҶϲϲ͸䣬ϲһЦҲãֻҪҶϲġ
üһı飬ͷʣ귨أǲʲôĺ㶼ϲ
ⴿΪҰҾϲ߼Ūƿԡ
ϣܺõġ
ɰûʲôáŬΪҲڤ˼룺ﲻã
ӵĴطG
һֱžͷòĴȥעĵ硣
;ǴҪġ


123 
ͿԼ괹, ֶһƵᣬ֪, İЦŭС죬ȻǼÿɰġ
ʵЩź
Ȼ˵겻á
ǰ˿źĿ, վû̫𣬿طGһ, ջĿ⣺ˡ
طGɫ
ЩͺĻ˵ֵһᣬȻĶⳤģ˲ܰЩ̸ȥˡ
ޱͲˡſ֣СĿ
šӦһ͵Сû˵
Ϳ, ɵЦˡ
귨áתͷһԵطG˴Բԣ
طGͷԡ
, СİվطGļϡ
˵ʹ
ͲɵЦˣ귨, Ҳãá
Ȼôϲ, Ǿͳһҳ, ҪͬʼЦŵ
ͣ
طG, طG졣
ء
ˡ
˵ֻèһˡ
̫ˡ
װӼ䣬ͼ۾в㡣
͹գ˵䣬תҡ
, ſɰˡ
ЦһԵطGŵ㻹ȥɡ
ǰˡ
طGˡ
ȿȥӣҪһȥͱϻдöˡ
ģΪ档
ǰдö֣ҪдּͬддԼʶˡ
ãԽԽʶ
ܾÿһʻ죬һȴϤİˡ
Է±ʣĳϪݡЩȣڣһ߱Ǽð
èʯϣŲԶ۽ĺƺ赡
ʯҲƨɡ
˻ˣźЩĶֻںɻտûӡȥժҲͦá
ժһѣݸͻС԰ӸԼСϣС绹ͦ죬˯ˡ
ȵŵʱ򣬲ͣ͵С԰ˣԼš
˭֪ûһطG밲˵ǴͻȥûڿҲЩȡ
أʡ
üûأ
˶һۣɵöüͷϽҪȥңˣ˵źɻС԰ˡ
һɻͻˡ
ǵزĽ
طGҲǱסɫɫ䣬̤߳ȥˡҲϽ¿ӣʼūš
һæҲЩš
԰һȦûҵ͵ټطGĻˣ֣ѹ𣺡ң
Ϫݳ׵æѰ͵Ӱȥҡ
˻ϪݱҵĻЩ£һʵ֪ǻ̫δҲŻˡ
̫ʹūͺɻߵʱں
طGһۣˣɲǸȥ
ûūţʡ
ͨһڵϡ
ǰȷʵţ̫²ܣҲȣСһҶиˡ
򣬺ֹиˣҲиˡ
طGԭͱ˫ѩ˪
˴̤ߣһɨľͻˣһƬƽСֵټ
ͣطG߽
ڴĿţȻҶƽ
ˮҡɫֲ࣬ԤС
طGڿʱȥ
һˮͿĺҶһļãܵţһ죬Ҳˮ
طGĻŵĲˣϼ͡
ȥҲҪŹۼֿĸסˣͷҪָء
ûڰת
µˮܶ࣬Գ˶̫Ѻãһֻֻ̡ЩûˮԽԽ࣬ǶûʲôϢ
̨ϵĿҲȲסˣͣ
ɫ֪ʱӰӰ´µĿ
ǺһϹҡ
طGһŲ飬ûκζľһ롣
ܿ죬һľɫ
һϲ߽˿ȴֻƬҶˡ
طGеޣͻںǰά˵˵ûãȻǺůж
Ȼתۼ䣬̾Ͳˡ
ˣһǣԡ
ͣǡɤ
žֻζˮ
͡Щ
Ȼ
ɽǰ·
һ塣
С۵ʱʵˣ⣬ǷཱུСѾǸ˵Ĳˡ
طGο˼֣ǰС˵קסСۣͼ˫գ˯
˯ʱûʲô
طG̣վûסʳָϢȵϢ˿
ϽͼһСˡ
ǵĶ˲׹ȿô󶯾ûѣСƨɸһ١
Ȼ˯ô㡣
һǱطGȺˣаĴż
˭֪һϾˣ۾ûĺߣȥ˯
΢ȵ磬ˮʵ̫ˡ
ѽûжһ
˭֪ˣ
طGеĵ
һֻ۾ǰ꣬Цˣ꣡
á
طGеĿ𶼹ںͷȥˡ
̾˿
ǿۣѹȥϴѣϸˡ
طGҲʪյϲҪܱʪˮͽϡ
ܡ
ˡطG˺һۡ
˲ף뵶һ˵Ĳزס
ӴĽС
ȴЦô˯ڴ˴
С°ͣǰдö֣д˻ЩʶˣȻų棬ɻĺÿժ
˵ص㡣
Ǿͦģ˯˭֪һ˯ǰա
۰Ͱ͵Ŀſ½ǣ˵ͦġ
˯ĺˬ
ɿš֡
ŹüС԰ӡüЦˡ
޵Ҫôӹһٴ
˵ԼأۿɼҪᣬȥ
밢귽ʪ͸ӣ죬ʹɣۡ
ͻС԰ӣſǻһԺ
ȴɽҾȥɽطGˡ
Ц
ͼɫԣֺõЦЦرСȭͷҪطGȣɵ꣬Ρ
طGĿȻȲΡ
;ȵĿϣͼĶȻϺܿͱ

ġ
ôԾȡ
طGѾʰ˸ˬѣ𵶵̫ʦϣڸͷ
طG񣬲˵;֪Ȼǵʰͣ͸ٴġ
갢갢ꡫطGжطGϣ̵Цףˡ
ȡɤӡ
ףˡرİ塣
Ҳľ͵С»ؿɲˡ
˵ŵ
رԼүȥӺͻȥʱϺúõģʪ͸һǱֱӽԺ
µˮ
ʱľʲô뷨ˡ
ˣͲɵֺõЦˡ
ҲЩΣС´ζūţȻˡ
һĿϵĶӣˣϸܵͰ͵Сӡ
ϣ
˵С۾⣬ܿ˿Ķ˭룬Ȼֱ˵ܵãѲ˫̥
˵ĻûһģĿ־廹Ŀ
̫ˡ
ٿ㣿׷ʡ
͹ԹԵͷˣܵá
顣
طGҲüͷһںƨϣ
գգ۾
طGһˣ
ŵʱ˯ֵãǶˡ
šϵ
ͲɵЦˣ
طGڳɫ˵˵ЦЦڿʱ˲
Ⱥȥ˯ˣطGͷ񾲵˯ա
ôɰôˣ˵ʲôİĸжǻ顣
ϲĲˡ
ûаĸо
طG⾫µüۣɵҲЦ͵Ļ
꣬Щæˡ޲Ƿ
ͷѪܶɼ
ƫƫͦУͦÿ
º㡣
̲ĳ
Ŷʹס
ǴСӣȫûд˿̵ĽɰŽСӸסطGȥ
˯ˣѹʡ
طGͷ
ŵĳȥˡ
֪Уûоͷһ
̯Լѩ׵СƤѾ죬뿴ɽĺҶҲҶӡ
غÿˡ
ڡ
ˡ
ϻңյģûǵҪµ˼
͵װˣѾȲҪ£Ȼȣû취
һһʲôʱꣿСʡ
ʾóԸ
Ͷʱˡ
۰Ͱ͵ĵ꣬Ȼǲ¡
ֿ£ͷա
ꡣ͹СһԸ⡣
ͳЦյ¡
ûЦ̫꣬ۿɼıס
СաͺٺЦ

ɰɡǰһ仰˵ʡĴ̫ˡ
ûһ̫ȥɫģ

Ȼǣȷʵͦۡ
͵û⣬֮ǰԼСͦ׼٣治治
ˣʹˡ
ˬú䡣
ԼС֣ȥΣ˫Ҳġ
٣
Ц𰥺ˣˣ̫ȣҪȥֶˡ
ʲôʡ
̯֣ţ
ͣ
õΡ˿š
Ľţͳˣû˸ţСԺһأŪֹϲСūźȻһֽīپһ飬ûȻˡ
ĺÿ
ҲҪֶȻ䣬ڳ԰ϪݵƫԶСԺֶط_ʱ򻹻Ϸ졣
չһ£˶ˡ
ҳȥҳȥ
ԩգ
ĺвģûﵽλ
ط_øߺû°ɣû°ɣ
ͿŹµµĸ£ٳԺͲ֮ǻ
ܸŸɾ𣿡
ʮ㣬ط_ʱˣҲźŴү
ͣ
ι
Բԣ
ԡ
ŻⲻܳǲģҲôԽܡ𻹻˿ĸ£Щϣġ
ʮ壡Сִ״ҳȥȥɽҪ
ط_һĿȥһ²ˣ
Ҫ
Ͷʱ޿
ҵ죬ЩĬĬƮɽҶվǿһˡ
ͷꡣ
ģСүһ֦ط_͵СҪ
ͣ
Ҳء
ͻȻûôϲɽҶˡ
ȥֿʼĺ
Ȼ󷿶ͶӰ
ЦŰʮ죬Źһˣ
طGĿ¶ǣ޲ýȥ
ԼֻʣȻʮ죬˶ˣĹգһ̾
Ĳ˵Ҫôãʡ
ΪҪȺӦһ
طG
ͬܣҲôƭģʱûţ˶ʵʵܣһ࣬ȥҲ
ֵͣţ˹֮⣬ܡ
ҲҺܣҪȻжۡ
ԹԵĹЦŰ
СϻԺصҲ켱ˣź͵°ŴͰ͵Ŀ
Ȼ˴ŷȥԼȥʱǸŽ
żٵضˡ
ôĿͺʡ
ءСϻıӣȻ߻Ŭѧźֱӣ
Ȼ̫һ磬ȥ
ãȻ
Сϻʾ׹棬ȻСӸܵս
ͣ
ӱģ²ѧ˵ˡ
ʵģҲһϷ
ڿͻȻͦġ
Сϻڿϣצŵ̵ͷȻ
ָ˴̣զҪ޹ǰ⼸ûˡ
Сϻһ
ˡ
ţ־ģſʯͷϣ۰Ͱ͵ĿԺš
ҳȥ
ء
ҳȥ
Ŷء
һһ״
ʮ죬Ŀ
һҪô尾İȥ;ãΪʲôẹֶ̀
ʵ̫ˡ
Ȼ֪ʱ컨ŰҪĶֶܹͦѾˡ
ģҲš
Ҵʮ忪ʼ֪վڸڷľͿʼˡ
ǿطGطi
ڷЦѽ㿴ʲô̿Сţ˺öӣ˻㡣
ͶӸŲĽ
طiЦüۼɷȻǿˡ
Ŀʹ󷢴ȱˣ´ȥ棬Σ
Ͳ뿴ЦտÿǶÿģǳЦЦĹ
أҧƨŶ
Сϻյģʱŭˡ
طi
⣬лء
طiЦͻȻЩǲͻȻϲʱ龰˵Ǻ²տıӶۡ
Ϊϡ
ԼԼӲ
طi˿Сţ˿ھƣֺǺǵѽõĶô˲أ
ǷŶ
ת۲Ϊ
Ȼζȴֻ꣬϶ϲߡ



124 
ź, طiţںɿ˲, һֻɰ׵С롣
ͣ
˸
طi忡ü, èӣſСϻıϣҲݵӣ, үΪʲôðܰ填
طiʵڿ, ΪãȻЩԵģӪҵĺ壺ԹԱ, ˹¾ʹ㲹
ͣӡ
Ҳô˵ģƭİˡ
ʲôҲǡ
Ǽٵģ
ٵģ
¸¼٣
طi, ˼ô, Զͼط_ʳˡ
üӢͬ
ط_ǰ밲˺ѹͼط_ЦеĿﻰ˼̽ʲôʱߡ
ԽʣԽǲˡ
һط_ˣ۾ˡ
ʮ壡۰Ͱ͵Ŀĵʮ壡
طi
ûжԱȾû˺, ղŻӵ̣ڿط_ʱĳ
Դˡ
طiתߡ
Ȼһ뿴ط_ôͺദģܰôá

ͼط_Ժǽǽͷ, ﻹӡ
طi

ĬĬϷ˵ʲôȻͳĬˡ
طiȥһ̵飬ʵط_ʳеһ˲䣬ΪҲҪġ
˭롪
ġ
һһʳУͼװž嵭ʳžͦóԵӡ
ԭ˺֮ǲͬġ
ĬƬ̡
ط_ЦĴ⣬ժϵİָͶҵط_ƨϣŵһ飬Щˤ
˭һ䱸
Ѳ߮䣬طi˫˫ط_һˣʱľȻ֪
ˣЩ£ˣ
ط_ǽͷӸµĿ¡
طiͷ룬Ҳط_ǽͷЦеĿź͡
ĿӶŵˡ
Ż
طiʳֿ̣˹ó𣿡
Ϳĵͷ
óԡŶǰظˣ״
ط_ȴŽţӽطiǱȽĮ顣
طiû˵;ؿźͳԶ
󿴵Щߣ;ԼĵСʣҪЩ𣿡
ֲֶǳ
طiϲ
áֱȥ
ط_
ʲô˽ͷ¶סˡп㻹æĸҵǶ֪װǺ¡
ط_²ۣȴɫǽͷ˸ÿơ
ͻȻĹЩģˣ׶Էĸоˡ
طiͺԶ˰ѿӶۣһ˫˫Ƶĳ
СĹĹĵģɺóˣǻ귨˵ͣڲҪԡ
͵͵Ĵˡ
Сţɹ˹ģһ㶼ˡ
̫óˡ
ԵС͡
طiԭͳԵҲŶԼڣüڴ˴ģ¶㣿
ںȻҵԿ𣿡
Ҳ̫ˡ
²ˡطiЦ
˵ӻͳһ飬Цŵʲô
һдС
ȻѧѧԭͳԾôŪģ
طiЦЦô֪ģ
飬һң˸СˣǸֻƬɲҵˡ
̯֣Сģ
طi
ط_
ôҪĴ㽻ȥҡӣҵ㣬ָΡ
Ҫô棬Ҳ֪þһ̹ǲ֪ν
ط_Ҫ
°ͣӡˢӼһݣܿ
طi
ڽ̹£
ðǻ̫ġ
طiͻȻˡ
յӦһҪߣط_˷ܵҪǲԸ⣬óȥ
˲ŵĴʱطiǲϲȥҲɣṰþ֣İѺҧˡ
طiһʱ˷ˣŲ
ȥͦá
ط_ſԣطiȴ²ˡ
ʲôʡ
ڵǱˡûҩܾҽڰųˣϧˡ
ط_ʾ
ȻһСĳ뻯ȷʵȲˡ
ˡ
ط_֡
͵õȻѧѧԭҲˣ뷢ʮˣŪ;Ҳͦġ
˶ˣСԺְСϻ£ź˯;ڴǰ֡
ͦϧžʱ⣬˿ЩĽ֮⣬һжá
СԺ֪
һʱ䵽ˣųͼΧҶˣһƬȻԭˡ
ǰϲĺѾһƬ֦ٹЩʱգеˮųźˡ
귨Ϳûסȥ
Ҳܸˣ趼ϵ˺ʾף
طGһСԺ⣬ſڣͱٰõԺ֧˿ڴ󡣵ʰͣʱ򣬻˱ڡ
Ǿӭ£Ҳ
ֹĸо
ȷʵ뻹ͦ˼ġ
ĶͶʱʲôˣһͶĻĺߣغѽ
ıϵֵĲˡ
Ͱરવĵᡣ
޵ĺòɶ
϶ʱ۵Ĳˣ͵Сˣ
ĳСˡ
ˮϴͷˡ
Ӽû¿һ
ᱻһίֱܿʮ˳
ԭ۵ϸˣڻ壺ԹԣŶ
Ҫף˻ͦ࣬Ͼǻ̫ǺйģģޣҾͶˡ
ؾͿ޾ͿޡЦЦɡ
໵Ŀ޸
Ͼ˳ı壬һԵطGǰᣬ̵Ķࡣ
ǣѰ˼ŵѾ׵ˣǰֶǶھҸСׯӣʲôʱٽӻ
˵С԰ӣھǶС
ѾǷǳĶˣҪ᲻ãڸǰ͸ˣڸǰͿտյġ
̿ôҡ
¥С๫һ
ɤӣȡ
һϱĸˡ
СͿ顣
ˣԼĴǴһ٣Ū
;СͣһԵĿ¶Ц귨Ҹߡ
ӡ
ֻ˭ʹ
񫷸ˣҪһֱܺá
˿ȰԼ̹һ£Լ̻ǵóš
ȥɡڰ֡
Щʧ䡣
ϾҲ²һױ磬ͷⶼʰĺܸɾ
ϲ
˺ˡ
죬һֱŵЦҲ
˭֪ǣҪʱͻȻɱ˸ǹһ˽˹ָ

һǾӡϡ
˲䱻ãֱӣˣȥɡ
طiһԿ̾ΪֹԵĺͺԵĻ귨Ͳͬһ֡
żȥֻס
ȴǹЦݣȻ׺⡣
طi
ϻ˵ĲˣҲǶ
Ҳ˼Ҳ˼طG
Щá
û밢ꡣ
һ۾ˣ԰԰˼˼ء
ء
Ŷ
ͼ࣬͹ԹԵӦ£ſڶﻳֻ̣ҺúúõĹˡ
ֶҲز۸ʵġ
ݵĽһ
ü۾£Ľë΢΢´ʱḷ̌ûŮ࣬žмӢķ
󻹲֪ԵŮأ
ɶ
㳤úá
ŮΡ
һмŮܾܾԲè̡
ûС
ƴ޵֡
㽾̧򢣬ʱϸЦˣЦŵǰ˵ǰŸСѾź֪֪׵ģȴҪ㲻֪ء
طG
ĵĹˣա
;ЦԺֻȢһȫȫĶһһһ˫ˣء
ϱ任ɫȴ㳤˵
˵ʲôûá
ôС˵Ҳ˵
Ϊһһһ˫˶̫ܣΪ̫Ҫ
ۣҲԼүǰֻһȻϣҲһڵĸо
˰ˣ߰ءڵ
ͣ߰ꣿ
ָͷ㣬߰ʮִǸСѧ
ڴ壬Ѿʼˡ
˵ˡͱʾ
طGҲŲ⣺ֶ͸ñŽ鷿ˣǰ귨˼ʦͲˣҪ鹦Ρ
ڣʾͰˡ
ֶ֪ɹվסĵһ
ɡ
к͵ļ䣬Ѿ徭ѧˣҲԣš
طGĿһۡ
Щš
ԺǰͿʼ̻̻ʲôֻܸ߸ߵ˸졣
룬ûͦ˼
һĳֶԴ˵Ӧø̻һһˡ
;ˡ
طGɰͰ͵ûʲô⣬Ͱʳǰƣԡ
˵͹ԹԳţ־úڣӦöԺ̬ȸһ㣬Ϊˡ
͡ᡣ
һ񣬸СһţɵЦˣꡣ
һЦ
ЦÿӦöЦЦġ
ĺܶѽ˵ʮ꣬һֱĳˣ׳ɼңȻǵΪԼıΪıò۷壬һˡ
һ꣺̣ʹʹĹ
طGЦȻأϳȥ
һҭû˵
طGţסеЦ⡣
˽˶ݵĽ̸;Ϳʼţһ൱ʢһ
ԼʮˣڵԶ塣
ôࣿס
ԽԽˡ
ǻ̫㰢ӺѾҪڼˡ
Ц
ҪȻȥƸܷŵ¡
͵ͷ
ţϴŸоɣֻһСԴ㻹𣿡
ȥʱˡ
Ҳ֪ʲô
᲻£᲻ۣ᲻ܡ
һůûأ㰢ǹҡﶼΧתˣȻʲôá
˵ţū˵ǹˡ
ͼһȺūţźӣһ;Ц죬ͷŶ˵˸žһʾף
;ͿЦƯ
ĻŭţİһӦ£ǰסͣһˣɼǳԿˣú
͵С֣һ꣺ָϸˡ
ɼˡ
طGȥˣ˵Ҫæͳȥˣ£ȥط룬Ҫˡ
ڸʿӴž;ľ˵Ķԣ껹ֳرں͵λȹ̣̫Ӷû˶ôԼС
طGŹ񣬵׵ͷӦ¡
˵Ͼȥط룬ǰЩµģڸിͣ𣬺д
ˡ
ˣطݼɫԳȥӭӡ
طЦܼӺ
Ȼۡമӻ治࣬ΪӺǳƽﲻ͡
ϣʵ⡣
кþƣˡطG
𵶵̫ʦϣѾƿӾͷڼϣƤط룬ͼ˸طG֪ˡ
Ĭ
طȴü尾ϲЦŴкϲ˭һûҪߵ˼
ֻ÷Ըūϲˡ
ȼطGƣطſ۾ȡ
طŸɺȰ
ԶǷӣԼһǳǳţһһߺȣźطЩΣϽŻ࣬Լȶ˻ࡣ
˭֪һͷͻġ
طGü۲ط֪ǹơ
æʲôţʡ
ط룺
ʣ˵
ȻͲNɇNɰĴĳı˵ˡ
طɰͰ͵ĸԼҲģ֪̫ʱģûϣҲûи˼
Ҷأ
طGоƣĵʡ
仰ط벻ˣͺȵԵɵɣԾͲ˵üԭҶ˾һ仰ҾʧϣȻǺ;ңҲ֪ɹͳʡ
Ѿ·Ҿûߵˡ
ҪȻǻҡ
Щ£ҲһʱرЩƻ˲ľٶǱĽ
һ˵뷨
ܵడطҪٲ컹һ¶ʲôֲָԼһһ
Ȼˣβࡣ
㻹ʲô
Ȼ죬˷ˡ
طGλˡ
Ҳ¶뷨
طųһ亹ӲĿɫطG
㡭
ȻݵѺǸĻþץطG֣ѹš˵࣬ٺ١
طGɫһ䡣
ط룬ǿԼȻԷԼԱžƿӶֱֶֶ֣ӺСƿ
ƿ˾Ҫ
طGŹϸ˵ʲôʿӴˣֹǽӴֱǹı¡
ɫ࣬ЩǺ͵Ĵ
ľַش֮
̣ҪôȥЩǻ


125 
طG˷, ūŹ֣ϰ뱧Ū齣ŵĻ, 亹
ôôΪ, ǲΪԼ룬ͷ, ͷĸ, ҲסĲɡ
ͼıҵȻҪѰ׵ķӲΪӪ, һ˼ӵ̫Ѿ, Ķв̫ʮ֮һ, θҸȡ
̫ʧʧܾǰ֮, 򵥵ĵǿ
طGȻҰĲ˫, йִڱصá̾˿, æ, ԶҪֵĶࡣ
Ƭ, 뿪ˡ
ȳԺӵʱ, ͼϹˣϸտ
˵һ, תˡ
Ͽüۣﾾһ, ôãһˣζõ, ͡
ſԣطGԽֱ뿪ˡ
ȻС԰Ӻ󣬼ڰӾ̲סüԣҲ˿ڣˡ
ΣСʡ
ǵʿǸٵģ˵ʲô֮࣬ûô򵥣ֻطһһλ»
طGűвˮЩΪôԵĴӣô޷˵ȥ֮¡
͵ǲ⣬Ƭ̣¶͵֪˽ƯȰһȰ
ʡֳȦ³һȦ˵ʲôĥûˡ
طGͷͺͺСţѹü
ŰСͷˡ
͹ԹԵָ棬һֵ̾׳꣬£ء
طGĬ˵ĺе
ùϻô
ڳɱ֮ǵʿѾĴ˸Ƿ
Դֶ󣬵Щ񲻼á
طGı˯Ҳ̫ЩۡŵȰʲôЩǡ
Ϲ˯ǰӹطGˣأһԿžͳɡ
¡
šӦ£߽ʱһʱ˲ףСͶ߹˯ţҲ۾Ц˼Ҳ˯ˡ
ЦҲЦ̵ĺࡣ
Լƽ̹СһĺӣȻǼõġ
Ѻͱ˯ʱҲţڸߣཱུСסָҲű۾
ҪߣԸ⡣
𳳸Ŷ
ʱ͹ԹԵͷֶ̽ŵںߣſɿɰġ
Ⱥ˯ѣʱ;ͳ¶Цݡ
硫̵Ļ
;ͰԼཱུСʣʱͱûйԹԳԷ
ʱԴˡ
ٺ١СЦ
̵𴲣̺Ц̲ס˲СҲűˣʱͱѽ
ʱԾ͹ԹԵͷԼԲСӣСʹģ
ġ
;ͺĸȥ̡
ϴȥһЦе˯иСߣô̹ܲ
ȥ˵үȥæˣڿ˱;˵Ϫȥ
ָһûп
һϪݣڿеСǶصӡһ֪ۡ
ϰˡü
;֪ǿ֪ˡ
ʱ֪鱨ǿΪʲôҪȥսļޡ
벻ͨΪʲô
Ƭ̣ѹپ䡣
͵СԴʱͦõģʱ־ãǿ

ԼؿڣЩĻǸġ
ҲЩͷۣͻȻôеǻϣطiܴˣоӣͽˣһӶûС
ùһѡ֡
ͰͷſЦŵȥ棿µΣҲǷˡ
;Լܷɲˡ
ȥҪط롣
ӲίԼټط룬ûѾƣã֮ɫһƨϣϥǺͽשײطȻѹ
ꡣطɷס
ͷüۼ䲻ɫĿһݣطGȥѰͳ£ԼҸмӡ
ꡭʵЩˡ
һжڳıУóͻıع£޴룬һʱ벻õķˡ
ȴܣͷľһٴ
ίԼ⺢ӲҪı棬ȴһ˵
˵ү٣ѾƵĹ򶼲ЩŸϵʿɱȥ˲ܲˣƼ˾һ
ŵʿȻ£СԺӣףʲôʿζװװ
Դ֪󣬾͸Ͻ˽ʿأڲ˵ǰٷְ֪Ҳ˾Ųʮˡ
Ժг裬ʹ֡
ô͹ˡ
˷ߣŻҡ
ʱС԰ӳ壬ſڵʱǻƬ̣ȴת뿪ˣ˼ʲôأԼүҪ˼ҵλá
Ե˵Ĳ£ǻ˰ɡ
ǻˣֽ԰ɴӣȥ˭ȥ
ⱲӾûôɫ
ﲻˡ
Ϊͣǿаȥ١ѹ
¡ϵˡΪˡ
ڰǶ缦Ͱ˰ĸߣȻ˹ע
Сһף١ѹ֪ˡ
ǿ֪ǿҲʲôȫȫβĻ
ǿŲĿģ١ѹϪھ޷
˭֪Ǹġ
ڶȻȰš
Ӧڵģϴ
ԺСС壬˫ǿģվˡ
˵˱ү԰˸谮Ȼǰ˵ģҲãûЬӣȻаġ
ûء
ʲôģֵ⽭ɽ续һǿݣԼ·ǿŲ۵İʯͷˡ
չԼᶼˣطڱͻˡ
˱үСĵһӣˤȣǲУظ꣬ͷϸźš
Ϊ׵С̫ЦеĶ
ŵĻ궼ˣȷʵʲôģˤֱӱϲУеİ𶼷ˡ
Ȼûда壬Ҳûҩһͻ²Ǳүǿдϵġ
ΡΡһ˲䣬ʲôˣȻȺúõģЩ״
ŵĵᡣ
˿
طĿԾɲʹ죬طΪǲҲɾQ
ǰ˶оΣʡ
ͳŹɣĵûʲôоҪǻλ׵Ҳ˼ܹ˼ֶӡ
ȴ߼ˡ
룬ѹԸȻطˤˣðϵĲ¶жˣطK
үҪжȹ̡
ͳĴָһи׳нʵ̫ţˡ
˭˲Ĵָ
һСЦŵƤ
˹һ磬ͰڻЩǣûˣͺ̣ôһȺ岮г
Ƕһƾͺˡ
ʲôɲĵġ
ԼСǶǣˡſط룬ڱϸһҲͦ۵ġ
ϾͷˣûؾͲˡ
޴˰æˡô˵Źϵġ
һѾˣڴѼаó
ѣ귨ůڵģĽ
СӣͽţͻȻЩԣ䣿
͹ԹԵͷĺܡ
е뷢ˡ
Ͻͷһ㶼֣ĬĬС֣ĸʯͷһʱһ⡣
ҽ
Զ֪֮᪻ҪˣеţҽϽӡ
ͱ۾ڿ˵Ҳ;š
˯
˯͵
۾ڿɫУСһúͮͮŹ̡
СڻһŲʱСаɫڣɼյĺˡ
ô£ѹʡ
ҽϸ˿Ѱ纮ˡСԺӹϸЩܲסҲ޷
һҩȥͲˡҽڣ˿š
򶨵̬ȣҲŰ
Ƿǰ϶롣
ȻϻزĽǷ紵ݶˡ
һȣľˡ
İڰ֣귨ѵˣżϻʲô
Ľѵٲ
˯ĺüͷžͿġ
˯Ҳһֱ߶߶֪ڳʲô룬ѹһҪڶԷһֱ
ҽһҩȥȻѹ
ͺöˣĻš
һϽūȥ죬һ˾ͺ˾ͺá
˵;֪ˣһֱ߶߶ǿ
ѾˡԼǿ׳ܴһͷţ
ءС˿ӭҡ
ءôû
ϻſڵƬ̻ԼܽĿź͡
ءզСϻˣ
ѽ̡ͳ֣ԴЦеѾǴˣŶ
ء
Сϻ֪Լͷ󣬾ͰԴڴϣŴԴԹԵĿź͡
ͷˣȻ뵽ǰܾյֱ졣
±ӣһˣСϻͿһֱСһ
Сϻ
ԵˣʹСϻЦеõӵġ
ΪҲ֪ϻ˭֪Сϻͷϵĵģ߹¸ԣȻζûסԼˡ
СϻҰҰͣûƷζֻȥһ顣
ó𣿡
ءóԣ
ʵ̫óˡ
;̲סЦͷԵСӣǳЦŵ¶²ˡ
СϻЩ顣
ѵĵĶˡ
ĺϲ
ٳԡ
һԿžúǺ棬Цŵٸһʲôʱܳ
ˣͲܳʳ
СϻŬѵĵȻȴܳУڰͱˡ
塭˵ֱȦûǣڵʱ򣬿䲻ʡ
ͺ˿ˮ˹˵ˣʲôȦʲô𣿡
Ȼ̽ˣһú
Ȧˣһ˰ˡ
귨ġ
΢һ˿Ǳȴǰ޲ġ
Ǳĵļٵʿм仰ˡɫȰϣǼõġ
֪Ŭ̬˵СԴϣܿһƬġ
ġƶ
˵׶Ǵˣʲôʲô壬ǰĻϣȻһҪ¡
߿ʿ¼廹ִֵҪգǴûˡ
ѹԸ
;Цġ
ġط
ڴϣŹϵ֣ѹҺ㣬ҪȻ
ǲˡ
ɫĿϸš
˵תһԵС̫ࣺȥѲร񶼽йү̼
һɵվģȻ¡
е𣬽ˣΪȥɱˣȥˣҲȫʱһ롣
ţҪԼûеĶ
ʲô鰡ڻǰҪҲͻʼ޺룬ҪȻĺŻȥҲʡúӰͷŹ
طڴϣڱճȭͷŹ̬İ򢣬ǹŵЦݡ
ǰЩüͷȰһͻ
ΪˡϽ壺үˣĸ򼸸ͷ档
һͷطһۣš
󣬿ܲˡ
һ߽Ĳร͸񣬲û۵ģִŲร֣Цտţż̼źĺãȻ͵ġ
˵ﳤȥ
һԵĲรŻˣԼүʱߣøΨֱ֮
ҲԸⰡ
սսǰһԡ
븣ƶʣƼǣһ㶼жд̣Ƶʱ
ëȻ
ﲢǰ
طȴֻżˣǲร͸ˣ벻ܲ˾ȥѰϣܾýһߣ͡
Σ֪
èץһܡ
죬͸Źһһ߳鷿ɵô
ط뿴Ų΢˶١
ţͽнԶ
Ӱˡ
طüһָ߹ĸоĥκ֪£ǰĸ˵ģϾǰŸȾƱ̽ƻûѾͱϪݣⲻ롣
ȻףĸȻ֪ţȴ֪ϸڣǰϸڣͿ
һֱ֪ʱʡ
ͼЦŵ޻˵޲𡣡
Ψûˡ
⻰˵㹻ˡ
طƿԣʱǣƽҲûټ
һԵĺΪٰᣬŷľ˵ĭɣ˼£ˣˡ
ط۾
ʲôڶպ֪ˡ
ͷ۰
뱻ȦͲ磬ǲҲһҿʱϻۡ
ط봸ŴЦү
˶ˣſԵС̫ࣺи
С̫ڵϡ
ǰ˵ҪտСʵֲ´ٲร


126 
طδ
Ϊи
˵, տͺæײܹ
ĿڣãȻŴ, ɫү
С̫๪Ӧ£һȥ, Ƭ̺, ѹ˵รڲ, Ҫ٣
ط΢, ȥ룡
С̫תҪȥȴȥˡ
ҪϵжӲ̵ʱ
š
طü, ѹĿֻš
ּ֮£ˡ
ſɫ, ߬Сȭͷȣһ߰ϡ
ͷ
ĵûϡ
ط¶С°, صǱĲӿ
Ƭ̣Լ, ЦŵƾǱ޵ͷĥ
Ҫ޷Ӧ, ط벻ǱƳĵˣֵһᡣ
ò, ûô򵥡
᲻öԼ֣Գʱ˫ŭҪй, ˵ȴɱɱʮ㡣
һʱণЩӿ˻̫үͷϱĵϣ˾ǸЦǺǵʴͷ
˭ֶ֪ʹжʱڣոը˼סˡ
;͸ڿߣ˵һζʴȣԷм㣬ƶΪӪĲʳ㡣
һΣҲǸϵġ
üۣᵽǰ˲Ļ귨ɱϵĵ
ס͹ǧ
Ŀһۣѹ׾ͺá
ղùһֺѹǳݵѹָС
æŶ鲼ӣѰ˻ҪæµЩҲҪȥˣϿοۣŷĸóԵģ⵰̶һֱûϹ
ཱུ̣ǴԲݵС
Сɰף
žͽ۵Ľ
ЩүҲǣԽݵ
طGӦ¡
㾡ˡڵ
Ϊͬĵͷȷʵһֵľˡ
Ҳ볤⡣
è̵ȻҪԲ
ϧæۣҪӣ˵ˣֱۿɼĵ⡣
Ҳ۵ûӣŷŷĸʳԣ˭룬źЧ
Լ̲Բˡ
ۡ
Ŵߴߴڳ٣룬ЦеС۵棿
֪һһëַˡ
ɣ޸ء
˵ţͿʼıƤͼܺСơ
͹ԹԵС򣬴ԲСС۵
һƬͯδĿСƤѾС۵õӡ
١̡
;úܿ֡
ЦҲЦĲУյֻܿ֡
ͺٺٺٵЦСԴһ˷ܣڵֶҪˣҪʲô
һ룬ʲôҪˣΨûҪ֡
СĿ֡
ţЩᣬ͵СԴôȥһЩСϷ
ϣСϻ
ĵǸżٰ
ʱмڣǸſĥһļٶ
ӣú˳֣˵Ҫȥ޷ܡ
ǲС˵
͵͸Թˣֲż٣˵Ҫȥ棬ʲôɡ
ɰɣռ١
˵СһѰСϸĥҲ룬ǸɰС̡
Ҹ̫ͻȻЩ£գЩš
գ
ٲ޾Ͱ¡
;ʹܳȥˣȻż٣ٶ๤
٣·
Ⱦܡ
Ӱȷʵú棬һСʲôӡ
ԴطûϣֻҪʣǸæ﹣һûãŲǰȻ˶ѩû
ط˵ỽˣ﹣ŵǿɢˡ
ĥãһͷ£ʰĸɾԺȥ
طſڣͼϴŰ籰Ŵ֯磬ͷϴų챦ʯͷ档
ûӣüۼ䶼ſЦݡ

ỽ
δȴֻĸо
ʱ˳ҲЦһۣ;ó޷԰Ρ

ɫӡ
ֻ
ͷɵüү
Цǰ밲
ʲôûзطе֣ҪסȴЦޱ鷢Цŵүк£
ڴʱյ߳СԲһڵСȡ
ͿʱСԴ漴Це˽ϻӣ磡Ҫ磡
˺һξͰˣš
һŵϸףһ۶ûǹЦŵȥ㰢밲
;͹Թǰ밲밲갲
˵ͻعߣСԴ佱Ҫѽ

һѽ𣬺Цſڵط룬үҪȥӺϣæȥ
˵طŤͷߣǽ죬ѹү㡣
üط룬ǲร͸źĲãˣรǰĴŵˣȲź࿴
ţӦòˡ
ҲûǶɫ
طȴһƬǷȻẬߴӵָ
˼Ƭ̣ôӣȥӺԸ⡣
ƫҪȥ
ûﳤȥ˷ܵСȥԶ硫
طһͿӰˡһͣԭǱĹ
ϵӺͼںһԵḷ́ʱڱϣһĿš
硫
硫
Ϳ;˷ܵĲˣͷ۶
ðð㡫̵
ϿŴϣطGʱЩ㱣պطֿʱ
дĵ뿪ڵһߡҹҹ˯ţ᲻ͻȻĳſڡ
жٴߣܾӰ߽ˡ

ʱ֣ҲңʱЦĻһ
ʲôûС
Ȱȣȵȵͻ˵ȵʧѿ

ɡ
տ⻹᷺֪ǰЩ֢ˡ
Ȱһ⣬˭ˡ
߰ɣǣʱͣǣͣæĲˡ
Ц߰ɡ
˸̤ӺĴţͼطʩʩȻ߹һȥģүҲȥ
˵žȸӺһ˵밲Цڹûһ
Ҫô˵ǰҪ͵̫֮λڸֳ治ɫЦ롣
үǻȥæƴǵ
ȻطʵڲԸƬֱ̣طGһվ
ֱӱͣһ£߰ɡ
طGһ
Ͽϣƽ̾йŮ˭Ľİ˸Ưã޸˰ͱΪ˱գλҲߣ๫
㵱˵棬Ҳһչż
񡪡
Ҳ࿴ᡣ
һʱ˵ЩΣطȴûһ档
ͣ6
ĻֶΣҲѹ׳־
ȥģط뿴Źʡ
Էûлش𣬿һʱ˼ž
ͣȥѽЦеʡ
СԴ˵ܸİ˵
仰طҲ˲סɫڲסĿࡣ
ꡣ
İˡ
Ȼ׶˵û϶̫ˣʲôǵãԺǽ䱸
ϡ
ԷûпǴͣЦŵҰ㱧ʱͣʡˡ
ܾط뽻
ö࿴һۡ
ԼǰʲôĸоܵˣЩĸʲô
š
˶˵˸裬Ƶİ˱үûӡ
ܣֻĹԼ̣Ҳˬ졣
һߣѩҲ߲죬ĥ䣬رǺСͯ
ͱˣʱͱˣ̾˳µĹϡ
籧ΪСޣʱͣɲͣûʲôƢϲֺǺǵЦſɿɰġ
ͲˣͲˡ
˾͵ߵߵȥҳԵġ
У̵ҲС
Ե㡣
ʱͲУǸӣһ㲻ͳɤӿ޵ʧ˭
˵Ҫúõĸѵͱˣ˵ŮӾҪӲƢҪȻ۸޶ޣʵǿ
طGҲܣ˵ʵھ¿ɰû취˵
˵ָԼСӣҲɰ𣿡
طGϸĵصͷš
ͣ
ааȣͶһ䡣
ǰߣȳӺĴžͿʼ
ϣǳӡ
ԭȱûطǷݣڶˣֲԸһʵʰ
طȴ⣺ү
ô죬һߣվͶķ죬ϵܲˡ
װû
һӵìܻһ˵ҲǺ棬۶ط룬ȴ֮ġ
˼ҷˣྴʡµĺø²ŲʣͻȻ
Ͷ룬ʲô˲ɡ
忴¡
ͲɵóѲӻͷ
Щʲôû룬ͣԼʱ棬߹Ϳĺ䣬߿
طܣҪȫ⻹ϣܸЦе˵˵ķˡ
ôܷء
๫
ȵɽ£Ƶɽɽϴѩܺ񣬿ŰããһƬĿıǻۡ
һȥȱɽԻס
طGǰ棬С΢͹ϣŵҪҪү㣿
áϾܾˡ
ôڣ˼㽿
ءѩ
Сϻȴ˷ܵĲˣ֫ѩ壬شԶ
Ȼɽʹ죬СΪʱˡ
ʼҴܡ
Сϻͺ
ء
СϻѺϾߣߵߵ·ˡ
طGüҪԶˡ
ءõΡ
ſСϻϣ㣬ᵣġ
ءõΡ
СϻӦĺܿ죬Ҳܿ죬ת˲ǰʧȥټ
طGҪȥǵʱСϻߵߵĻˡ
ط룺
Ǻû档
һ벻ȥķɡ
üͣﱧʱͣЦ̿ʲѽ
̻أʡ
ۻˡ
վɿطG֣˸ǵˮȡ
طǣŵ֣һֱ¸һ˼
ߵϸǰĻү
˵꣬Ͼͳĵͷʱȥˮ
Զ㡣
طһɬطGʲôˣﲻЩãǰǲôĵģŰԵڳзãǸ³ˡ
úꡢ̫أͲóᵳ
ڼµһˣæĽźתʱĲȥԡ
ǰܳ
ʲôûҪȴʲôˣܣԼˡ
Ŭܶȴʲô
ĸ۶ɽӣﻹУۼˡ
طĿ׷Źϣˡ
ȻԷδۿ
͹һȦıͷĻˣ˴˷ܵĲˣѽĺÿ춼һȦ
ô˵طGüĵǺá
ÿСϻһȦС඼Ҫͣˡ
ǲҪ˵ĺá
ʱҪȥԼɽ
ԲŲ俴ڵСȣܿԶԶĵŲ
ɰˡ
ӴӴԼӡ
طGǰסС֣ǣһɽʱͰűĺͮͮС갮㰮㡫
ѧС죬ʤ˵˻˵
ǺͲڣطGϣʲôˣС
Ⱥڸǰ۾ݲˣʲôİ꣬û¡
ЩͷۣСС֪󻹵ˡ
һԵط룬︴ԡ
һڣһңģ˭Ҳ˭
ȥҺͣȻҲǸ糤̣첻ѱ˷ϡ
ѽʹȥ
ʱͶ£ꡭ
һԵĸϽǰһȥ
磡Ը⡣
ߡĸЩΡ
ҲЩ;ôճͣϲ
͵νֻǶŸʱͺͽŮӣкӣɲϴŶ
кŮҪԱ
ȻͲŲȰôࣺ֣硣
ʱҲ˵֣硣
ŬԼظ磬ҵġ
˸ĸģĵҲͦȡ
ͲɵΣȥ
ɽѩ˲棬ֻ˳һɽ
һ·е죬ʱȥˣɽĿһƬذףɵÿļˡ
ᵱһɽСпշǵȥ
һԵطȴһԭô־򲻳ɣСˡ
ͣ㡭طGǰطһȰҪԺӿ𣬾طG˵ү㡣
;;Сͣһźðɺðɲ˵ˡ
طGĵĿһۣתͷĹ򣬾С󺰡
󺣰ȫˮ
ﰡ
갡
Ⱥ˵꣬طGѾۼֿס졣


127 
ءҪ·
Сϻһ, ź͵С첲طG̡
ءſСˡ
طGźͣ, ͼһЦǺǵҪ
۾Ŀ̡˵ĻҪˡ
ðɺðɲˡ͹ԹԵطGתʱ˫ִ״, ҪͿΣյ, һת갡ͣ
طGĿ̣ԼĴЩ, ιһźá
갡̵͡Ц
Ѻ, ͸Լ˸ޡ
طGգΪĻǶ
һԵϴչ, ѹʣͣԭ˵ʲôܾú˼ӡ
Ĵ۾, Ƭ, ʲôû˵Цûʲôûʲô
Խ˵, Խż
˵˵
ѽȡ
ϣ
ĥĥ, úôҪ, ̧ȴû, ƨ, ЦеѧĻ뻰
һԵطGȻһСϻͶںԱ, һұٶСһָӡ
;Цˣԡ
һԵط뿴żЦŭۼˣԭǿ磬֮ơ
֧ϼӣͲɵЦҽҪһͷţ
˵һԵСϻץϻȣЦеһûԹϻȣܷһҿ𣿡
Сϻ
ء
żˣ޲ðȾܣȻ°С˴ͲĿź͡
ϻϣЩ֡
ءſҡ
˲ɵúЦˣطGǰСϻһµǲøҲһ
Сϻ
һ𾪡
ĳǶطGһûС
طĢָ˺һƣЦŵүүСˡ
ͣ
һƨɵΪ
ǳʧ꼰㲻ɡ
СϻסССԴ޷ôӵ顣
Сϻһҿı飬;ûסЦˣСϻԴſĴצӣȥ档
СϻŰɣһֻŽ̤ѩϣֻŽ̧ڿУɵĿǡ
;̲סЦ
طGҲЩ̿
ԶԶŵҡͷʧЦСϻЩ᲻ãĺܹɿɰЩͨԣҰǳ˵޲ͬ
ϳСϻ֣Ȼιԡ
ط룺
Ըϻȶᡣ
ɻС
ءСϻӦ¡
ȳʰãɽдһʵĸԶԶĴ϶ЩС
طGɫ࣬һԵط룬ֿ˺һۣ˫ӡ
͹ɵͷҲµˡ
һԵطɻ󣬽żˣԼʵʶˡ
ڲ뵽˭
ǿźͺĸӺ֪ûʲôĸо
ͲɵЦˣطļЦе岻²¡
ô˵ط벻ɵüͷ²һ;úͷо˭
С¾ȥ귨顣Ц
طĶˡ
֪ǺͿڹϵϣ̨Ȼ벻
ֱȻܣܣܷγ裬پطȦʣµ߶ӡ
룬ĸ¹󲻳ɡ
Ǻ£˵˵Ҷ֪ġ
¿״Ԫ̽
¡
ͳֱʾôܲµȥġ
϶̲סЦˣôϤ㵱
ŴԣطһͻɩϤǱȻ¿״Ԫ
ĥ˭
һյӣطGЩȥˡʲôû˵ڵı۾
طèצһܵ
תһԵĹϣͼǿһǰʾȻԷĵı͡
ﲻһꡣ
ǿһİˣдſЩòıá
˿ʵܵ
ۣ޲߬ס֣˵ؼҡ
ȻǽֱţŸԽԽҪ˭ʱ򣬶ԷȻֹ
ٲ²£һڴĿ
طҡͷ
ͼһϧűıĳȥ
طˡ
ΪܵˣȻǡ


˵ͲɵЦˣͷһԵط룬´Ŷ
ܿ죬ɽⲽһ°׵Ӱ񣬷档
žͼ
ͿĳȥŴ첲Ҫ
طiı˳ֵ˵ߣЦŵˣöЩ
˵žǰ˺ѡ
طiط͸ˣֺǺǵѽܳˣ
ҲؽգǺ飬˵˼Щʱվͳɡ
طһ˴ʹĸоܣӺᱻɲ˲
Ļǡطһһ۵Ļء
طi˦˦鴮Цеһӹ⣬˼⡣
˵žͰطGˣܱ߻סͷض˵ͣЦŵ˵㰢۹ߡ
ͬеĵͷ
طiһ߹Сϻüôţ
;Цͦԡ
죬˾;ţҶ໰
Ƭ̣طi֣ڿ¯߿ʼ𣬺Ļӳѩ޳ָϡ
ںͿһȺĶÿϾųģòƽƽҲֹһÿء
ζˣЩطiĵ𣿲ɡ
طiԼࡣ
ҲҪһͷţġ
źطG죬ʱ;˼ǰطGΪ̫ӱǰϹϾ
Ҳƽƽˡ
޳
طiú˼ҲúǺ档Ϊ뿴һطGô
ɫЦŵǰͷƼ˪ⶫɲγɵȽϿ̣ѩ̫ˣһ
棿ȥͼĴ֡
˪Ҫڽٽ㣬ŻˮֵĲľγɣͶɱ磬ȵͲˡ
طiͷƼöơ
͸žȥˡ
ططG޶Եӣǲ
Ȼһ
ط֪Ա˵˻طiġ
͸طiһ·ǸɽȻضǱ˪ƯˣɵĻϲЦĿطiÿ
طiͷ᣺¿˪ʱ򣬵һʱ뵽㣬;úͿ϶ɰĺӣ˪һ
һ˪Ưֶݣ꼻졣
ڵСű˪԰СԴʣһÿ𣿡
طiЦҶЦ˪ƯĽγɵΪ̣˵ǻȴֲǻ˲֪ˣǶء
ľ֮ôѤ˵ı˪ܽ˲롣
طi͵͵ģЩպζһԵĺͣЦŵ;˪Ĳ̫ʵ
ʵ𣿡ͼԼɫ⣬Сɿɰ״ͷطi
ʵطiζĶźͣСЦŵСҲСء
Ƕ𣿡ͷЦ
طi룬ͻı˪
еİɡ˵
ͰСԴסطi֣Ϊ𡣡
׻
طiûش𣬴˼˪տĵط
ﲻطiЦЦ
ģҹλأǻεǰͺѵӡ
Сű˪»̫죬°š
˪㿴ݵá̵
˵ݣһͻ
Ϊֱ̽Щ벻ס
ǶľȻԼءͻȻԼӡ֤Щʲôǲȷϡ
Ͻӹ˪ϲĸʲôһһϧͷ棬ǺƯ
;ͿԼ꣺ѹߣù뷨
ȻѶȣò£Ǻ׵ġ
ˮ̫͸Ǳ
ͷС׻̫Ҳȥ䡣
ɡطGһӦ¡
طiǵһӦǸΣɵЩǰûӺҲûԭ
ˡ
տڵ֥ձ
ѧѰũҳһ١طG
ط뿴ţȷʵЩªǻ̫˵ֲ
ϿһۣԷϵһˣװƵǰЦе㲻ι㡣
Ͷˡ
Ӽˡ
è̳˿͹ˣΪʲôҪˡ
Ű
һ񶼳Բϡ
㰮⾩еӣʵطЦ
һ˵䳡ˡ
طiҪЦôطGǾ⻰ȥҲԸӻ
طһʱЩӲǷ϶ȻԲôΣһ²ؼ
Ҳû˵⻰ýӡ
һʱͽסˡ
ͲɵЦˡ
ѽֽ󣿡Ľһ䣬ЦԿԣһζͲˡ
طϽ¿
ͻȻЩᣬٴᵽʱ׽Ŀо
ĸλͣڼͷԣ˵ʱ㡣
Ȣ˹ŮԼҲˣľͿʼкܶ˷ҲΧһȺܾöûᵽָˡ
ȫˡ
ǲϧӵıӦɣŹ϶ƣȴΪĶʽ΢
Ѳô롣
ҪȻʲôܣǳϺ˵߿⡣
޷֮ء
ʢڹǰЦŵ𳢳ͦġ
ϽӹһԣЦүˡ
˵žԹԵʢһ룬˹ţطʢıˣһȦװ׵ģž
طģ͡
һƬյӡ
طGſ⣬žúã͸ϣҲˣϸϻ𡣡
ϾȽԶ˲ɡ
װ
ѽ
طGʱһϽʣˣ
ǿӵģЦŵˡ
ҳ˾ͳɡ
ﴧ̣ɲ˳ˡ
طGҡͷӣְѺ͸ǰ߸ʾϽԡ
ͣ
Ե㣬˵߾Ͷߡ
̸˲ɡ

طGƳһۣ͸Ͻת磺ЩӪֺóԣʱ̥о
ǿŰүĳ嶯ĳ˿Ӻľ㣬ر۰Ͱ͵Ŀš
طi˹سԣ˺ǰЦŵ˵óԡ
ͣ
ٷóԡ
û񣬽ʲô
ط뿴ż˻ôɵЩ£һֱϵܺãеĺ޲õȻͬ
Ϊˣ˽Ҳɲ͵ġ
ʢȣἫˡ
ûˡ
طGɤӣѹȥ񡣡
˲֣Цеɡ
ţֺȻ裬Ľɽ
ÿһر
ؾ;Ķ
ôװһӵѩ˵ҪؼҸ귨طG˵귨ԹѩĶ࣬ô
ôһǴʱѩҵ⡣
ͻСװûȥ
ˣ
ôТ˳үģܸ˲Ź֡
Ȼܸˡ
ϻʵ۵λãҪ򵥵⣬סܹһѩȷʵˡ
һѺѩޡ
ȻطGϿ¿ûѩںδ
ֻܹ鹦ڣʩ͵ѩҲǼõġ
ط룺

طˣ͵ûļˡ
һ밲󣬾͸ظˡ
ͱſһĥȻʲôſ;
ܿٽˡ
ԽĳͿطGһ޵ݡپ£СеӤʡ
£Ϊ̫ĵһ꣬Ȼͬ졣˿˵Ҫ죬Ҳȥȥ
˵Ҳ˲¡
پǰ˸빬˵Ǹ˶Բ
˶£鹦ڰ˸ƶʰԵŰ˱үȥԺԼҲñ
ˣ졣
ˣͲ˺üŮȥȻ˱գǸòүǵİ˸
רòġ
룬꣬˱ոϻؿǰ硣
ȫһܡ
͵֪Щʲôû˵˸˾ͽˣ˱Ҳ˵ˡ
ȻһֱûȥԺȴӣͷͲϣֵļ
ȫû
ҲЩطG䣬ű£ܿϽʵļ
үҪȥ˯鷿

طGԥľܾϿӣӸµĿŸЦ롣
Ͽ΢̵ӣʱʲôˡ
ȡĴ齣
طGü˹ڴϣ㷽˵ʲô
ڵװ
طGͼԼһϮѩ£ͰζߣǷ˵ȥ鷿˯Ĳ£ٴ˸ᣬ¶Щ
𣿡طG
ѻů̧ϣ
ȡƲ۾ðɣ
طĢ֣Ľ´᣷£Сռʱ


128 
궬ķ
, ǹιǵһʹ
طִֵֻǰѣϴร¸Ķѡ
ȻӾһ꣬Щɫ, ҲЩĥ
Ҳϻ
ЦҲ˵Ǹġ
˶ʢװʱһƵᡣ
ʱϻ˿һۣɫЩԥת˲䣬ʲôһٶעһǰ㡣
ʢװ, ͷ鱦ʯĲϣǻᷢһԻ͡
ط뿴˾;ϲĽ
Խϲ, Խܡ
ľԼˣ۶Ǹ
Դ֪Լûκνλϣ, ;Լܵ, Ȼˡ
λû, Ҳˡ
ЩݺݺΧߣʵķЩӹ֬׷۰, һǰ㡣
ɸһֱܿ, ԸӴ
ȥѰ, տʼҳŵĽڣȻˣҲū˵ȥ˲ڡ
ܵĽ
βҲ϶࿴֡
߰ӣطһŻ, ۶Χת
ĸܰ˭
ͣıȽ٣ƽﶼǶԷӺЩ
ȻϷ˴٣ôҲҪһ˵ġ
˵ףٴʣǧնһͱһСк
ɻʶ
ϷһĿڡ
;ЦǵãϴҲ
ǵãԷ͸ǵá
Ͼл̫飬ֵôһӵ£ǵм
źˣ˶Ц
Ϊĵǰ·ˣףٵĴٹˡ
ӺĴŲýʹѽΨһýףûаϵĵ
ʶУʶĲʶ˴ӿ
ԶԶĵǲǰֻԶԶ밲ҾһʱһƬ
Ͽĸ˵ͷʾ⣬һȺΧ밲
΢͹С۲ѣʵ֪˭ôѺôã£סԼүǵġ
طGźȥпжں֣źͺĴ˵ĹϵɵЩۡ
ĬԣɫЩ䡣
һʱη壬ԶԶ˰Ÿ԰ˡ
ţúǺ档
տʼţȺȵƣվͿʼžú˼
Ȼȥʱ˼Ľ
ϿСͮͮģһ£ҲԾˣ
ͷŻţó˼
ĿһԵطGҲ̫֪ôˣнкӺȾƵĵ
üں˵ûûеĻѾһƺطGıϡ
طG
֣ô˺ү
ûȡ
š⣬ЦƱ硣
طG
ǡ
͸ϽطGһܿ
ҶأҲûζ
ϵζȷʵûʲôζɵЩŴطGĵطԲסˡ
طG
һһǹģû֤ݡ
ͰͷЩ顣
ȻǹģŻмֹġ
طGƳһۣû˵
ûзʲô⣿طG
ܶ£׮׮ʤ
ЩǴǰΧڰǰġ
ֵĽʵʲôǡ
ϾģˣȻҲˣö˵ʲô
֪ͺáطG
۾룬ѣʵЩ֮֮⡣
ʡĵĽ
͵ͷЩ⣬˺ˣϣⶼ̫Ҫ
ͣ
طGһӵĻȴ֪ôȥ˵ȥ˸־̫С֪Щɳá
һϸ׵Ķˣʵ֪˵ʲôá
귨ǻҪԵıҶˣʲôǻš
ͰŰ۵СһԵİ꣬Цü䡣
ȣǰȣһǳ˿ֵСûԸˡ
طGտʼرĮˣˣȣҲõĽԶҲá
˾Ͱĺܣ˾ͿԸ⿴һۡ
С룬ȥĽ٣ǵҲûʲô˵ġ
ͦá
ôҲ귨Ҳ岮ǣȻ˵ûаۣҲˡ
ϾԼС岮Ҳûȡ
ʱᱧ;ˣҪٶ࣬ͳ˸ǰˡ
;ԼҪ֪㣬֪ſ֡
ʲôˣʲôȱֵˮ
ĺ˺£һкܿͻĭһơ
;͸ϧ
طGСüûж˵ʲô
ٽˣʲôҪģһ̵һЩСԸ
ôԡ
͹죬һߵϣܸһ𣿡
ɡطGһӦ¡
һЩĸȻ˵ˣȻҪһܺõꡣ
ĥʲô
ү뼸ռ٣ǡ
طG˵һ룬ŻȻ֣ԭŲг̵˲Ǻ͡
㡭̾˿㵽ʱܲŲʱɡ
ָûҺ̣˭Ҳ
˫ֱ Ŀڣͽж硣źӣҪ˼ɺܶ࣬Ȼͷ޶һȻһ
Ǻ̺ʱͣϳɡ
ЩŲ¡
㲻ùܡСһӣⶼˡ
Ȼͷ͵Ȼܾô򵥵ľ͹ȥˡ
ƶ۾ЦЦô˵ǶֻӦµķݡ
˵ˣ˵ϵʱ򣬺;˵ԼҪޣʱⰲҪſ
ޣü
;ͽʲôж磬ҪúõðͶ¸顣

֮ĸ鲻Ҫ
¼ҹˡ
ô˵ţЦˣ˼޾ҲҪͺ飬Ҳһˣ
ͣ
ûһֿܣװʲôӵ¿
˼
ʲôӵ¿
ӵ¿
ʲôӡ
ǡͽͲ
ʲô֪ô˼ϸͣҲ֪
СҲûôСǾôˡ
˵ͿʼţҪ̫
ͣ
ӣòһ̡
طi밲ʱ򣬾ͼڼǰƴӣüЦôԼ
һĿ
˵⽻飬ǲܰСæ
ʼкūȲˡ
̬ȣطi;ЩԾ

;Ц㿴밲ͷǲдϲ㡣
طiҲЦˣѽͻȻˡ
ӿɲ˭ľĵģǰʸȴûٽӴʸˡ
ôţź͹֣ЦеˣԼæš
Ͷ֣ĺһ
ϧطiҲˡ
ֻʣһˣ;;Ǻòһ̡
ԹԵӣû귨úõЪϢһ£ææˣôţµıʶҪˡ
ȻȥˣĻڴ˴һֱ˸ʲô
ԹԵӣǹⲻȥת
͡ỽ
̧۾ġ
귨
߸˵˽ĻЦü䣺
ϣСԼӵĸоô
ȻǸû⡣
ӡ
Сͣû귨ϢϢǼõġ
һƬС⣬ﶼů
üͣţֽŹȥ㣬Ϣ
СԹԵĳԶ;ůڵģǻϲ
ͳԱˣ͹ԹԵ̫ʦԼӡ
ԽǹԣԽۡ
ȥɡ
ͰСԴȥ棬꣬ҸŸ١
ˡ
ӵ¿ҲС
ΪŻ귨ΪŰ꣬Ƕɿɿ졣
ЦԴԹԣȥɣϰЩûʲô಻ġ
𣬾Ѿ
ۺδнʱ
ͰСԴĿЦֻҪ귨ȨҾͰЩʱգ꣬ʲôȥʲô
ʳָһţһŶ
ķХĴŴŻô䣬Щźͺ˵СЦҲô죿
ꡣգգ۾һ꣬ԼĻ귨ǵóţҲɡ
һʹࡣ
˭ҹ껹ĥ
Ŷ
⾫ʵС񣬲ɵЦĲС
Թԣˡ
˵ţͷȥЦŵȥССӣô࣬æǴ˵飬š
Ϊ˻귨Ըš͵
Ļ
жµüۣЦ룬⺢ûۡ
ʵڽ۵
ϲߣŻ귨
Ĭˡ
⺢Ӿôۡ
˻ͼطiﱧֻѩ׵СèūŻﱧű̺ȣʩʩȻ߹
ڻЩ⣬밲󣬾ڿעæˡ
ͼڵϣϸű̺Źӣů裬СèϣŸ裬š

ͣ
Сɻ
طiЦŵӡ
ͣ
㡣
ˡ
ƳһۣһˣţʵЩ벻
ģרˡ
طiŹӣĵûⲻź񻹲꣬ȴµįڸ幬ӣˣôˡ
Լ̫ˡ
ĬĿͦ˵ġүӣ޲ž𻨡
ͿǸЦŵҪ귨𣿡
طiӿЩʲȥˡЩǡôˣҪӵġ
Բʧܵĺ;ͱСͣԹԵӡ
Цˡ
ָûָ
Ǹʲôˣ֪񲻹پһ⣬ϰˡ
⻰ȴʹطiġ
Ȧʱͺˣɤʣ꣬ˡ
Ĭ
ı飬ͻȻȻˣ׮׮ʵ޵ġ
ǰЩ鳼ڸʵ۵ʦʱ򣬽̵ҲЩõľ֮
ֻл¹ٲŻŵģһζӭϣʶǰ¹ٵѳѹ
̱ɵģ̫̫̫ӵģЩ˽Ϊ֮
ȻõķǣŹҳءڽϳﱸô췴ɡ
ЩѹµĶڡ
үӣںĥôȰܵʱ򣬾ͼͨһڵϣѹǶԲס֪Ϊȫ綼ΧŶת
Ȼᡣ
֪ȴûϡ
ţɵ鸴ӣطi֮䣬˵ףģϧ
һ̾Ĵȸǰô
طiſüۣĹôҲĲȥˡ
һЩܿȦģʱһУʱվˣûжˣǶָΣЩͲܹˡ
Ĵָ⻰ţơ
йȻûʡ͵ĵơ
ȻЩطiֵǰµĴʡѾ֪ˣԵĲֻ󺹰ܽж̷ڸǰ
ӯ
ڰ֣ʾŹطiȥ±ˣԺ
ţ̵ͦġطiӦĹɡ
ſǾ۵üۣ;֪طi̸ĹԷʽǶԵġ
ͳһס
ǰطi̽ٿ̬ȣɵþúǺ棬гһգү׺ͺãΡ
طi
Ƿġ
ǰ²⣬Ͼطi仯̫ˣⲻ롣ǰЩӸ˵Щеûģ͸ˡ
Ǻ;ͲɫĿţ˵˵ͶԼҪദĻᡣ
̹طiˡ
ȻҪϷأǲĻᡣ
ȻҽҪߡ
ſ飬֪˲кͣҶʡ͵ĵơ
ü͵СԴЦŶ·Сġ
귨İɣһǧ·ءĻء
˵Ÿȥ
ССӰȥˣɵá
̵ߣĥţʱ䳤̣ǰЩпѾˣڶǴžá
һʱ䣬ֻҪ£غܿ͸浽Ҫ̫ӡ
һ߳ţͻȻЩԣµµźͬ
˵·߹ǧΣѾϤĲϤ⳵ֹʯϵ
ɫÿһǣͼһƬҰɼľˡ
ѩŵĴƬǺÿ
ȡɤӣˣˮ
û˻Ƭ̺űãһֵֻ˱ˮ
ͽӹʵȴˮĬĬصˡ
֣ϼ룬ȴİ𪣬ɼǲôգѵǹġ
ŵô¡
ھƽʰľңû°ˡߴһƽֱ䣬硣
Ȧ°Ҳûá
ʣµԲᡣ
ǾͲ˵ˡ
ͳһʱҲ²
ɫĽ壬ٸӣӴ϶ӳȥ
һξһ㡣
˾˺ԼѣҺԷûв鿴
̲סɤӡ


129 ̫ճ
ķĺ䡣
ôһ, ڸ幬Ѿɢ֡
ڲԣ㵽ط˵
ϾΧʲôһŲ֪, Ҫǲܲ, ʵ֮ǣ˼, ʲôܹĻˣܵ֯ͶԻʹľ˽⡣
ɲһܹ顣
ĥ, ׻˭, ӦҲͦˡ
Ͼֻ˵ʱ򲻶ࡣ
ĿڵĴڴ˴
֨ѽ֨ѽţܿͣˡսƮѩ, Խ
˯ţ˴, ӹҲǼѡ
̫, 롣ܿһŮ
һֻƯµСƿӣ¶һЦӯӯͿȥ
нūڵſţŲȥ
һԾ£һԵŮء
Ůɫ, ɵЦһɱˡ
ü
̫ţ־ãȷʵɱ˵ӡ
Ů, ͼҺЩ챦ɵú
ԺӲ󣬵ʰ¡
ܹϵԪأѵϣźġ
Ͳţͦ˼
Ůʾ⣬̫ʦϣŸ̨ϹŵĻ˼
̫¡̨Ů翵ԶԶţЩŮ˼
͵Ǻ棬һ֣á
񡣡
ôŮ˵Ǻˣת
ͼһ·ܽ棬źÿˡ
Ůӿ꣬üۺЦˮ
Ͳ£Ůʡ
͵ͷ¡
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