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֪Ԫ˧һλδޣ˵ľˡ
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诣
ŷɴ·ԶԲо顣

Ϊ˱ǿ׬ǮǰΣյİǡ
Ȼ˵۹ߡδǼʵĻʵ۱¡
ԭպաŴͳߣԸпᱩ壬ճŵجΣڱŭаԪ˧ˣŮѪƵľ顣
ڣֻһڰǴƴĹӶ˳˧ֵƱһǴ
Ƥسĺϻˡ
ԸԹţһɱɱȷѪ꣬ΪжѶѡ
ֱϻһƱ׬Ǯ쳤ЦʧӰ١

󣬵۹ưǺӣԾ
ضдţ˵ʵѰһʧٵŮʱ氮
ֱ԰Ƕǡ
ֻƺ̣ҡ
һӵұһ߽ѳƱ̨ϵС
ȵʱΧٿȻһ
ÿ𣿡
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ǸӢ΢Цͳ͸¶Źֵ
һˡ
ţ˹ڵأѾΪԪ˧ԭ
ħǼʣ˽衣
ͳ᳡ŮȫŰ
Ůµ߶ߣ롣
ܲ鶩ʣĵء
׵һ 
ݱǩ Խʱ Ǽ  ˬ
ؼ֣ǣ  ǣ  
һ仰飺ߺ׷Ī
⣺̾˲
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龫ʣˬʮ㣬۷ḻǺð̽ء׷롢ջĹ£ΪչֳԻ͹δ棬Ƽܵײ˻ζ


1 
˼
վһװªķ
ǽڰ߲Ҿ߳¾ɣƤʣ̸ֱɰװġ
һǳˡ
ɫ̷ЩңɫԲ԰ףӢͦ㣬üĿʮֺÿ
̧ͷܣʲôط
Ȼ͸ֳ˶ӦĻشϢ
诣ߺǡ
ΪӺԴѷΪǡ
ſ˵İϤԡ
诣پһ㣬Ҽҡ
˵˵ͷҸôƺ㣿
诣أ
˳Ĭ˼룬ҽкԥ
诣
ƪǼŰǵ֡
˵Լ˻Ǳҡ
ǰһ뱻ƵĳײɣһͳƷŸոѵİˣԺжһѼ䡣
ڣȷԼǴˡ
ǼŰһƪŰŰŰŰߵС˵
ŮǱڻǵĹ¶־˷ɴ׹ٵΪˡ
ܿ죬˾ΪŮĳֶ룬תתʮطꡣ
ʱµ۹Ԫ˧λȨأ棬ȴǵŮ
ŮϳɵľˣŮ䶩顣
۹ĽʺޣΪ۹CP
ŮһϵǣŮʼ̰ԹȺС
ڱݺᡢǵ߶ʧȵ֮Ů
ļ䣬֤Լݣ˸թŮ䣬ճɾ

诿˿Ǹˣֻõķ䡣
һУС˵ȫǺϡ
ǵģǸͬŰŮ
ԭȵŮڷˤһӣƺֱˤûˣٴͻ˸ˡ
ֿǽϵľӡ
ﵹӳһСŮ
һͷ΢Ķ̷ģĵԽСɡ
ǰ鷢΢ëŨܾ̣۾ִܱͦȱѪɫ
ȷʵǾƯǵģֻɫ̫á
Щ۵ľ档
ϤԼ
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ԥ΢΢ҡͷƺһοٹȫָˡ
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ȻŮӵһƵͨѶ
Ůĸ磬ԭĶ䣬ѯչ
һϼƣĳ޸ĺԥļ䡣
仹ҪɱŮڡ
Ǿľˣٷְٵġ
˵ɱСΪԷһһļ񡣡
ĳڵŮؿڿһǹ
һǹ׼عᴩࡣ
Ů뿪
Ů漣Ҳթʬ
Ŀ߶ΪŮȻǻ⣬Ӵ˿֮·ɱɱ
ϧֻŮŰ
ŮûԼôḴֱ;ǵ°ߣת˷ӣΪĻ
շת֮ŮɺϵԼˣһء
ԭŮҲţ길ĸΪ׷ɱȲѲŽڻǡ
ҵǣĸѾڼµԼøý㣬ȫһȺ񶾵ļƷݡ
ѰŮӻؼңҲΪֻŮܴĸĸĴŲ
ǶһֱڵŮԼˣҵø
ϧʮȥԥµ۹Ԫ˧ŮڱƷŰ˸ĸµһС
Ů޷Ҳû
һƬҲڿȥǿ֢ʹſٶƪģǸߡ
ڡ
鸴ӵؿϵˡ
𣿡
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ԥ΢Цһ£κ¡
诣ҰӷɴϳʱҲΪˣʱЩˣǳ֡
ߡ
ԥ׷ɱҵˣǺǿߣ
课Ϊ⡣
Ǽʱܴڵġ
ܱ޸ļ䣬Ůթʬ
С˵صŮĸߣ趨Ϊ߷ı塣


ܵķȼЩϢûи
ŮߣҲδȥоԼֻһֱŰ
֮⣬ԭﵹҲдŮǵץߣһ˴ǵսʾȷʵǿ
Ȼδ۹Ԫ˧汾
ʱ򻹲ڵ۹ʵ۱˶ĳء
诣Ҳߣܳˣ
һԥʵ˵ллңһᱨġ
诲ת⣬˵ҿκ£Ҿ㣬𣿻㲻ش𣿡
𰸶û塣
ԥ˵֪ԽԽȫߵ粻ߡͨӦġ
˵״ƹĵĻȴ΢ľӸ¡
·ЩѶһʩᡣ
ȬһߣҲᱣ㣬㲻ҪӴЩ
ԥؿ
诣
ԥΪûһȶԺֻҪڣͿԡ
诵Ľʧˣˡ
㲻ףɣδꡪ
˵һͣסˡ
ڻϣЩ˾Ų㼸ֻ꣬ҪܹʻؾߣͿϰ൱ˡ
ԥЩͬ˵ĵط͵ĺӣѧӦһǡ
ŷ֣һ˸ûԼ˵
ڷĴңȫҵ
ǰʱ˵ر񵽴
ȥ꣬ǰͼ̳ĹΪһһչ˾ʱԱ
ÿ쿪ѰмֵԴлա
诽жϡ
һԷǿȵֳִһһɳĿһܵˮ
һѸ߷񶯵һСͼи⣬һС΢ص
һҽƽһĤף֧䷽ӪҺ
һЩӰ˵ͺŵĳ˿ԼܵԪĿտǰװȵȣûʲôá
Ȼһֻµʽԣһֿ΢ͼ
Ƕǰ﷭װģͺ̫¾ɣֻͨֻ࣬һЩܣͨţĶ֧
һ˻ϢԪ
˵ӪҺԪһ֧ǹµķǮ
һСʻȻǰΪ˸ˣһ֧ǳ߼ҩ˴󲿷Ǯ
ҩѾˡ

ת֮ǰҸõϸûǮˡ
ʵֻҪȫʱ㹻ȫ
ԥֻͣͣҪҴӷɴ
诵Խơ
ԥǸ㲻ߵƷˣڲܵ¼ҵ˻תˣ׷ҵλá
诣
Ҫã
ϵĶϤ䣬ڷתһȦװ⼸Ʒ;·
读˻ĶǹҿǮɣ
ǰЩȻԭû뷨ˡ
ԡ
ԥһ£Ȼ㲻ôҺܿͻ뿪
ղѷϢңһˡ
ֱӴѰһɴ׹ٵˡ
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ƿţɴǱ˻ٵģҲ׷ɱ㣿˵Щˣö
ȵȣ
ԥæסȥģ
֪
˦һʵͷҲصسš
ǰסһҷɴкģϢصıԵǰããĻĮһ޼ʡ
ɳͣһ½гէĦͧ״
Ϳһһ飬鲼زһĻۣɢҡҡ׹ͷ˰ߣƽŽ̶
ֳûгᣬֻһ¶λ˾ȫ¶⣬紵򶼶㲻ȥ
说Ŀͺ֣϶ñתհѼ٣϶ĺﳤȥ
±ɱ˶ҲȥԲо顣
䰮Զ
˲һСʱʻ
诿ʼǵؾߣԼˡ
ֵǸߵʹĽ¥Ͼɣɢң͸һɻǰܵϢ
ɳ
ǰ·ڱסˣΧ˼ʮˣĪ
Ǽ𣿡
˵һòŮŶʮҵ͡
ɫһϯֵƵȹװҫº͡
ıڻ
ЩȻߣ߶һ㵭ĹĤ赲˻ҳ·ɾࡣ
۱סĵˣ˵ģȫ޺ͷ˿ﶼϸɳ
˫ƺͬһˡ

ǸŮֱһȫϢͶӰ
ͶӰɫޣǳ棬Ǻԥ
ԣӦþλδС㣬ΪĶŮ䡣
读ȺУźۼؿһۡ
ķɴ׹ˣ֪ṩһǱꡣ
Цһ
˵һӶ׬ıꡣ
źεİԼ


Ƕܴνı꣬ȻȷʵûǸˣϹѻδõǮ˵鷳
ûС
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׹˵Ѿˡ
Ƿ׷ҡͷ
ҲͬķӦ
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˵תԱߵıڣСԹ˷ʱ䣬ֱȥѷɴҲٺЩļ˵
ȵȣҺһ׹ٵĴ󽢣ʮһǵǸλá
и˴˵
ʲô
͵ػعͷȥ
ԶģҴù
Ǹ˲û̴·ֻǿ˼
Щ̵Цһ¡
ȻЩƶ񣬳Ǯ֮ʲôں
ҪĴҸԪ
˼һھʹȥ
뿪ıӰ졣
ָǲء
԰Ҳ˵һӶ׬Ǯ򻹲ڰɡ
û˵Ựˣֱӽᵽߡ
ԭҵŮġ
𿴵ɴֻ֮ҪȷںԥͿȥ˾ȡʮԱҪЩԱסַ
ڻչ˾᲻
ŵıвֹһߡ
ֻϵС˾ûΥ֮
һ쭳һĬĬ㡣
Ϣصʮ·Լϵ˾ȵȣҪ̵ʱ䣬ǼӾܽ
ȷʵҲҪڣҵԼȥ
Լ˵ǷˣԥֻҪɵӣͲš
ֻҪһʱ䡣
ʹײ˴ˣԥҲû֮ǡ
ԼڣԼ£˵ϴԶܶȥ

Сʱ诵ִ˿ոۡ
ոȱɣԵЩưܣλţֻϡϡͣ˼ʮҷɴ
һ͵ոδҫۣȻġ
Ҳ֪˭ҵĴ
ǿţʮӵĹҲһ桭
˵˵ġ
Աһһ߹ȥ
诺ǲڳ˿ϡٵĵȺתһȦҵ˷ɴָʾơ
ʹᾭǣֻһЩ˽˴ֻڳ;ҪͣŻĵط䡣
Ϊ˶׬һǮǿܻ˴˳紬
˼ؿָʾơ
ЩɴĿĵظвͬǰֱŵ
á
˼۾ȥ̨Ҵ𺽣
Ҫˣ
ĹԱڴ˯ɨһĻACλ佢ʮӾҪˡ
诣ϵǣлл
Ŷ
Աʼ磬˵߷ϢǵĿĵ233ǣ֪ɣ
诣ţ㣬ˡ
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ѾǷϢˡֱǰǣҲ֪ɣ
ߺͷＯţⶼǸΣޣɱķΣնˣȷ𣿡
诺ȻϤԺδˡ
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ʵ۱ˡ
λָݻǧ򽢶ӡּ串汩ƺΪ233ŵİϷҵġ


2 
һҲһָ࣬ĳһ
ǵĻͨܶӣصʵԴѷ󲿷ֻǶΪŷŵ㣬Ҳߡ
ǾͲͬˡ
ͨдͳУҲ൱ķĵضΣǧƵ˿ڣԼӸ߲µķʡ
šɡַǷ֯̾ڰϣԴ͵̡
ϣĿÿпޡ
Ȼ˶ȥܷƣ׬ǮǡǶûٻ
Ա̾˿ˣҲǶˣܾǲʲôѡ񡣡
룬233ǵǸת㣬кܶബǱ߾ʵǱתȥɣ
诺Ӧһ
죬˵ʱ;˵صĴֻǰǵġ
ҲΪǵľǺ뿪
ԸƶҲȥΣյĵط
ֻȥðˡ
ԼƺǱѡ񣬵ʵʵҲȥƴһѡ
ϣԼֻŰеʹͷաһǹͷֻʧ䡣
Ȼξ鱻߳ΪŰڡ
ȻΪʹΪǹЩģŮ
ϢˣĺŲŵ㡣
лл
诿ǰA
ͣĶдʹ֮ԶԶܿһ¥䴬ͿЩ
βλһȲţҷбͨ
诽񶯵˰ϵĺ֣Щŵб¡
иŹװڲſڣ̣Ҫȥ233ǣ
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š
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š
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ӿڴһݹȥֹǧ˰ɡ
һöСɵİ͸״оƬӳŵƻ˿˿ʹ⡣
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˴ңϴ
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ǺԥǹĺԪ֮һ
мǧǧ֮䣬忴ĳ̶ȡ
诲µԼ𴬷ѣո۵·ϣͽԥǹһ顣
ⷭµĹֲᣬõǹеĹͼͲ˳Լļλ
诽ƽ˲š
ɴҲˡ
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ųȥ˶㣬Զա
˻աϴּͲ֮⣬ĲŶз壬ͨݼܽ롣
Ψһֵҵģٸװ䣬ﻹмľɳ
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ߣϢرԵ
һӿм۶ͣһƬƾɵľסԱߡ
R28903ͱR31992Ա
һ³
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Щꡣ
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ȷʵ졣
ƵӰ΢΢ҡͷкԥͬ飬Ǻԥȥͨ籨ŵģֻʲô
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Աһ̧־ǹԥؿ°
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չ˾ĹԱ˵ϣ˫ԲĿ
ŲĿ⣬ڹϵ˼£һĤԼȷĻ
ҵԥûȬָʵԼѷϴ޸ļɡǸˣһҪ
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ݼҶԺԥͼı˴£õĳһЩ
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ԥƷ޸ļ֮Ϊ˵Ӧ
ΪݼЧ޲ɡ
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ңԶǿĳ䴬ϡ
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ԱǶûѲգһֱɳĶµ־
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Ȼ诿Ǹֱϲɫĵ⣬ϸߵĹâţַž΢졣
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诸Ͻתˡ
ͷ˿Լ֡
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ָС۶ûԵˣָ⵹Щ졣
ԶŹرգͼУԼǹ
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ĴŸֳߴĻĻϢ
һK18092437ָҪ󣺶ߡ
ָҪߣԪ顣
Щǹ
ЩӶվڴͶӰƺҪļѡ
ߣ顣
ޣˣߣҪչʾ
ĴҺģʱ˻说Ⱥǽߡ
һֻǼʹã˶ͷԼĹԡ
һյĻȻṩӶעĹܡ
̵Ǻܼ򵥡
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诣
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סһ·ĹԱȥߵȼ


4 
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˿һۣδĴκηӦ
Ǳߡ
۶װˣŴ˴ﶬļΣϱҵ廨š
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ЩԸظǮ
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5 
Գؾš
˵˵ڵϣ͵͵ţƺڱԴԴϵʹĥ
ͬæܵߣӻͳҽƽ
ɵ˺ûôױֻܼš

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±ĳСı¶ݵ߼ס
诣
ڷǳܡ
һ˲֮ݵƣ
ȫƺʧʹޱȣ˫ѾҪ֧Ųסˡ
Աߵ199鸴ӣʵԼˣղŻЩ⡪
û˵ˣһʱûлش
ˣҲġ
199ҡҡͷЩƫԶˣδ֪ٷּ׼ֲܵĻ
⵹Ҳ
ɫǸտǲΣչͷſã
ΪĹԱ199ⷽҲƵЩ顣
ʵڲ֪ôش𣬾ͳĬŵͷ
Ȼʲôأ
ڽӶЭĴʱһײ
Ǹ˸첲ϾͲŵ⣬ָ
Ǻ͸ոԼֱϳֵĵȥһģһ
ĳֹ
Ļʵ
199Ц˵ΪֻҪ²ȶձ׼Ҳˡ
졣
ɻʱȴÿˡ
ϾԼֳߵ
һЩֲе⣬˻ɡ
诣ллʵܲš
Ϊһʱû˽˼䡣
199űʾǰ;ôõ˲ࡣ
û
199Ÿ̾ϾҾáѧкۣܶұȽƫڣţ˵Ըоģ˵
ЩӦһʾԼҲͬ⡣
199ţЩ۾ͺܺΪô˵أͬͬĸĽãԸͬȫͬģҺҽһ
诣Ը˿ܻῪƵ
199Ҫͷԥһ£ʵҲһЩѧһֱˣû¶ۡ

룬һȷԪܣƩ׵磬ᵽĻ棬ӵЩˣԸԺǿˣһͦĽǵġ
199Żļ䣬һµ˽ˣҲҪæŹˡ
ڵѾ࣬뿪
صһٴαɨоƬϢѾһߡ
עӶҲҪѣ񣬿Эͷ̡֪
ҲõһӶЭȨר
ѯͽֻܱעӶݵоƬ
Ȼ诱ط֣Լĳ¾ɹ԰汾̫ƺ޷ʹ
ĬĬתȥ˽ֶһרյ꣬һѱϡ
ǧԪ
βIX
רϰЦտǧȷ
诣ûй⹹
·ˡ
ϰЦѸʧûУֵֻǧ
诣ǹֺûùһζûùһֵģҼûĥʡһάá
ȻϹ˵ġ
Ǻԥǹ诲֪ùΣƺǹе
ǹҪΪǹ̫ҪרŵĴܵԪǶҲǳǳ
诸ѣ˻ǮԺҪǹҲҪԼϻͺš
𣿡
ϰҲֱֽǹ
ļΪڲԪ˵ͷǵġ
诣㿴ǧ
ϰ壺ҿǷˡ
һռ۸ǧ˫ʾԼԿˡ
ϧµֻûȺǮܿҪȥ
½ҲֵӲƷ̳ǡ
߽һ㣬Ϳɫɫķˣչλϻվڳơ
ҲǽӲģȫᶯ˵˿ǿȥġ
󲿷ַ˵̣ҲֻܽһЩ򵥵ĶԻϣֻҪ˵䣬ͻʶǲࡣ
ȻЩǹֲͣĳͨά޻ࡣ
һЩȤˣӴͿŵľܿ;Ҳ󷽷ذ档
诼ֹһ˿ȥЩؼء

¥ǸֹԵרĴ˸ĹڿչֹرյͶӰһʱۻҡ
ѯһͨƽ۵Ĺԣ߰˰ԪͿһ
ܺãһĳ޷С
ѡһСʱȷһܱȽ϶ࡢԼ۱ȸߡзԻٳ򡢶Ϻʽϸߵͺš
ǧԪ
ⶫ̫ҪˣͶһЩҲӦ
оƬƵ»ϣһϵаȫ˽ãһ¥˼۷ˣҴææعӶЭ
ȻǸ˳㿪
ҳ˼Эṫ棬ļƼγš
ѻ̳
ļϢǼ׷ֱӷģʱ
Ƽϵͳ˻ߵʵ͸ַҪ
ע⵽ߵȼ֮⣬һӶȼ
עӶFͨۻͳEȻDCBA
A滹SȻ̳ʮ꣬ûSӶνǷëǵĴˡ
ȼܵȼ޹ϵļߣҲҪFʼ
ļ߿Խܸ߳񣬻ٶܿһЩ
ļҪ׷ָӶȼҲָܵȼϣоʵ
诿˿ĻϢһŽвѯ
һҿݹ˾˻·Ҫȷܲ鿴
ҪһϣӶȼDϡ
ǧԪΡ
һ˻ҲСʱ̡
诶Ǹֿ˼ӡ
ֲһ£FӶһߣܽӵʲô
γ߻ӣΣʿܶ࣬Ȼվͨ࣬Ҳ񷢲ߣֻܸͨĳ𶼲ߡ
Ʃ硰¥ϵһСǰҹޣĸǷңҪȥһ١
Ʃ硰ҶܰŵſڣҪȥһ١
Ʃ硰ÿ°ؼҶи̬ңҪȥһ٣Ҳԡ
Ʃ硰ҴǷǮҰ˵ݲҪƽϣҾҪƽϣҪȥһ١
ȵȡ
ٵǧȡ
诣
ػǶͬһģдϢ
Щ඼ûԹӶҪ
ȻΪ⼸ٿǮȥ˵ģͨҲ¹Ӷʵǿ
请˷ЩϵͳƼȥ̳һƪд˵ġЩĸ߳ƭ֡ӡ
üһҲôһס
֮⣬һЩļϢɹӶġ
ѰҶѡ
Ҳ
Ʃ˵׷һһӶָȡ
ȻӶָѶȳԼϾ׷ѶȵҲûô׼ȷ
ʱЩѡ˳ЩҪ׷߳ЩѡҸѡ
ͬʱ
ڶӶηֳ𣬿ԼЭ̣ҲǺͼ׷һӾ
ʱҪ⡣
ҪŪԼ
诸Ǳղأһ߷ˢļϢһĥԼ
Щоǻ͸йء
ڹӶЭſڱ֮󣬾˲ԳһĻȥȫһģһ
ԼӴȻʹû¶˿쳣
ָƶԱƵĶ˵ӦûκθӰģ
ȻҲûܵ
Ȼзǳ΢Ŀԣ븴޹أͷǡҲǵˡ
Ļô
ȷֿԣԼӵи
ԭȷʵ˿ûһ㣬ǣ199ŵ˵дˡ
ԸйءԼǰԸȻͬЩ滹ȫ෴ġ
ԭŮû߱þ
Լͱ˸ơ
Ҳǲܡ
˵ϸ룬һСʱڣԼֹһ֣ȻƵƺֻһ
Լʹֻһ
ǲΪǸ˽Ӵһ˺ֻǶݵʹأ
Ʋһ£ԼǡơҪɡ۾͡ĿС
Ҫôȫ㣬ҪôֻǸ
Ȼֻʱ֪
õ𰸣ȥԾˡ
诱Щƣ룬뵽ֻ̾ϣǰٷһս
ȻͿӲͷƤȥһ£ǲҲ²еֹ֮žдˡ
ϧȻҺģĴǳ滹ſڣǺٻ˴
Ҳδߡ
ߣ˼Ҳδػʹܡ
֮ǰǸˡ
ǻ˰죬Ҳûᡣ
ֿʼˢ嵥Ȼˢһܽ
׷һתȥ·ڣе֫ϣһ˰㳡ͣҪܼ򵥣һ߾С
۾һ
⵹Ǳȱھӻöˡ
·ܽ׬ٿǮۻһɼ¼
诱ʹӼˮоôܲȥ
ЩʱԱЩֵһ˸һжȥϰ׬ǮࡪҲΪĶ
Ǹ׵ˡ
诵ͷһ֡
ƶû˹ġҽӣھܵ
ƶû˹ġϰ㴩ʲôɫ·
׷ȻҲڶϢֱˡ
ôƪúúãҵš
ôƪ࣬ԣ·
ôƪʵұί˸ȣ±˿ңϾطͦҵģҵϴξڹ㳡Ա߱ˡ
׷˵ѡ
˳һĳ˹һ̣ʣµǮ㣬ֹ˫׵
诳ЭֱָλõĽֽǡ
Ѿҹʱ֣ӶЭſڲ˽ܱߵҲƻͨ
Ȼ½࣬ԶЭᣬ̾Ͱ
ԱǻƵ·ƣһڵӰ㱼˼ζ
Բʮޱˡ
˹ȥ٣ϰ塪
΢΢ͷ
ʶͣס˽Ų
Ǹĸߴԣȳ˼ڵĳ£ԽԵй˵ơ
һͷŨܵĺڷֻס°ֻ¶һظͦıӰ￴
ĻĻãʹɨüۣŵᡣ
ڷüԸߣѺ˳˫̵ӣʱһ㰵Ӱĳݷʳ
˵ʵ̫Ҫʿ
ԥһ£ȷݣͱǳơ
诣ǡƶû˹ġ
һϢĳĬ
ڷ꿴һۣ³֣ҡ
诣
һ¼׷ǳơ
诣ôƪ
ڷ꣺


6 
һεĳĬ
ڷ괹߿ûӰ

̧̧֣ҷȥͣɡ
߲ܶࡣ
վŵʱֻԷؿڡ
Ȼⲻ޷УϾֻǰ߶ѡ
̫»˽񡣡
ǰضˡ
ԷȻĬ
诣
ոʱ˱ֵûͦԾء
һţ֣⵹Ҳͦġ
诣ʵһأǲ̫ˡ㲻ϵϣȻǼ֫ȷʵҲν
ʵڸϣȡȻԼ׬һٿ顣
Աߵһԣüޱ仯Ҳʲô
˼ӣ̧һֻ֡
诣ץҵļ硣
δ䣬ԷһѰסļ
ԭһЩˤͷ
诣
Ʋǿ׳ҲҲܲסʱ
读˻վȣаɣߡ
ϻ˿ƣڵս׷޻ʵ⣬ĪԳϢ
Ȼͱǲ㸴άڣҲȻָֻܿ޳ƺ̲ź˵
һְֻڵס΢΢͹ĹǽڣβָŮľࡣ
ĪЩΣա
Ȼ񻹵ü
Ǿֵ·ˡ
ľţҲûȥԱߵʲô״̬
ֻĬ񡱲ѭ顣
ҪһУԺĹУȻֵֹ˺
ÿξò˳ͷǻػǼء
ȻҲǲΣǰ¡
ٴλλá
ڴֿɼĵط
ߵòܿ죬Ҳѯһ䣬ҵͬ𣿡
ӶȻҲԳΪ׷
ֻҪǮκ˶ô
ڷ겻ʣʲôģרҵмˣ
诣
诣Լ˵İҿû˵ǲмˡ
Է˵ˣƺ
诣𣿡
˼ӣԱߵ˳ڣ׬׷Ǯü׷⣿
һڰ׷·㱻ٵļʡ
Է˵±ϳΪĿ꣬Ҿһ˵ˣҲһܻش
ϧּûɹ
˿ⱻ֪ıǩԸɴͲ˵
诣
ĥĥ꼸ʮ̨֮˵½˹㳡ϡ
·ơȪر꽨ԡ
ҹʱĹ㳡ȻԡڹâС
ܱߵļֵΪԶԶȥҲһƬ޺財
Ȼ˱֮ǰȷʵࡣ
̧֣ùԿ˿ʱ䣬ĳ
·ǲ
һĿ⻮ϵĹԣͱͱͬеˡ
·һ˹
Ҳע⵽Ƕ̰ߣ߻Ȼֹ
ĹԿ治
һ˵ͷеǮ
̨ʶˣ
诣Ƿ𣿡
ۣУʶ㡪
Ա˼ͬʱҲ˺קס˶๦ҵ塣
Ȼͷ˿ԼĹֿ˿Ʀåģˡ
֡
ƺԼԱиˡ
ǵ߶ûǱƳһΡ
ѵܵӰ
ٴͷ
վԱ˿Ҳû¶˱ܵ˼
̾˿Ҳأ
ٷϻ
һ˴ӻͳ˾񶯵ĹԽ
诣ϵҹԵͺţӦ֪ԻٳûҵĽָǿժᱨϵġ
Ŷôһ¡
ںصǾͰһɡ
˵ֱӳ
㳡ϡ٣ˣҲʮ׿⣬Ѳߵ˻ԶһЩ
ǹԮ״̬
԰
˼и
ǹͺţͨ򿪷յĲţǷֽܻеĲк
ǰȼյķյķɴԥ˳
ΪǾսҪʮĳʱ䣬սʵ̫ʹá
ȻһܽǾһˡ
ںȻӳ
һϸɫкջܶʱ⡣
¶Ȼ֮ɫҪˣѾвֱۣһ˺ۼ
һЩҪеˡ
Ľζ
ոﷸȻо飬û̫͹
һǰһ˹ģһ˸ոˣڶѾץס诵ۡ
ʶΪԷҪԼ񶯵ָ߬øˡ
ţ͵شһʹ
˽ʲôͱĲูݺݵطһ£ųȥһ˿ڡ
һ˲䣬诸еǰڡ
ݵʹӿ˼
ûϵ
ûϵġ
ܱܳǻصˡ
ﷴĬš
ٶȶǿڱ˵ǰ£ԼֻΨһȥս
Ҳ
ֻҪһжָܻ
պıϳɴʱܵ˿ɱһٱ
ԭԼԳӵģڼթʬأ
ȥɣ
һְ֣γ˵ӣڶ¡
ͬʱƺηǰ񶯵߬诵ۣ˿ɿ
诱ͱ֮ѾټǰѼ⡣
һҲû˹ץסƺҪӶȥ

貵׵Ȼ
ܵĵ⣬Ⱥǧ˻
˿˿Ƶ׵â˫ϣսĻѣеȥĽϢٴŨ
˵ƶյ÷Ʒڡ
ǲߣʱ
Ǳסһ㶯á
ٶһ㡣
һҧһ롣
ٶһ㣡
ֻһαĻᣬһβɣͻڶʱȫʱȻ
ѾȫȻ߻һˡ
ʹȫӿ˫ۣˮĸоԴԴϻۣȻ͵ֱۼ䱬
˫Ŀըѵĵʹ
˾ҵز
˼ӣ¡
ʬƼ̿Ƥ䣬֯ѿѾȫֹͣԾ
读һ¡
оԼһ˿ɣ˫ǰһһ󷢺ڣͷʹüҪѿ
Ȼשˤȥ
˷ס
ഫЩֲڵĴС
άϲǼ⣬Ƴ˾
ͱٵĸʣ
ͷͳԵ
ƺزһѣȴûץֱۻ䣬Сײ
ȻŲһ֣ס˺ߵĲ
էһȥڼӵĽ£ǾһԼǱ˴˵¡
诣㲻Ҫ˵
Է׼ΪϣҶ˵䣿
Ϊʹ͵һǰҽ⣬Ƿҡ
Ŷղʲô
е㾪ȡ
ǰһ̬ȣôתˣԼʲôӡһ
ѵΪղǳս
ȻҲߣܻش⡣
诣ǲкܶߣֱӴһ߱ߣ
˵
ڷ국ؿڣκˣһǶʱ
죬Լ̳ϿݣЩ˺֮ǰǿ
̫ʹʹ֮ͻЩνĹٷὨ
档
ߵˮƽ϶Ǻܸˡ
ǿʹȶ˵ܶʱʹã
Լһһξֱӽ״̬
Ҳ˵ͨ
Ƴȵҹ紵ֳ˳ϵĺ
ǣγǳûôɳʵޱҪ
ֻǲ¶
诣лˡ
ʼ䣬Ʃ˵Է
ȵȡ
ʵով;òԾˣֻսڼûϸ롣
һڱǰ֮ģΪʲôẦ±٣

诼ѵ̧֣㿪ԣֱӾϢ
ôƪԲԲ֮ǰּԼһ֫·ջˣв񾭣ʹ̫һȥˣڲѹ
ôƪ㲻ỹ·ڵҰɣ˾Ҵˣڿ쵽ˡ
ôƪ汧Ǹһٿˣ͵˷ʱĲȡ񣬲Ӱʵġ
诣
Բۡ
Ѫ׵黹Ƿˡ
ʧһһ·˵˼׷
ȻĻԲеαװ
ͷ
ڷ΢΢ף˫̵䣬ȻҲӦÿյϢ
Ȼ޲κα𴩵Ρ
诣
ʵ˿ȥͺ̫Ҫ˰æ͡
Ȼ˵ʵӵле֫ˣǸִ֡ɳԱӶ֮ľӶࡣ
ͨûôǮȥе֫ЩССֲͨãǸ첲ͨҪ졣
ЩսˣŻ˲ʧȥֱ˫ȣͨҲУǼҪͶˡ
ҼʹǻԸȥѰЩߣж֫
ټŵȵϼ׷Ϣ诲û̫ɡ
͵ѵɡ
뿪˶ԷĲײײ̱Ա߳ϣӿڴͳҽƽ׼ҩ
ÿߣ˵ʧѪˡ

诺֡
һߣҺôش⣬ȥҲں졣
ˡ
̳ﶼ²Ƣ˺ܶ࣬һ
ǿƽһһ𣿷ģҲΪʲôҪð
޷Ǿеõû¡
ڷ΢΢üҲشǸ
诣
侲侲
诣ʣǸӶЭԳ˵ҲһȭҳٵֵǲǾͿһֱŵˣ
ڷƳһۣƺǳмջǴ󷢴ȱػشһ䣺ٲ
说󾪣ٻУ
ǿ˵ļʮˡ
Ҫٰ
Աǧ
ңֲѵ㡣
ڷ䵭˵ʱԵһ׶Ŀꡣ
ʱ
һ׶Ρ
üһ
һʱֲǲڿЦˡ
Ǹ޿¶ûô߰ɣ
诣νĵһ׶Ƕãһ𣿡
ɡ
ȻʮֵȫԼ˵ʲô׵Ļ
̳˵ģۻ˰꣬Ҳֻ˼ʮ滹һƬĽʺ޵ġ
诣ֵܣҾÿȦҲܽôѸٰɣ
ڷ꿴һۣ˼ӣĻԣֺᷢܿб仯

죬ֻⳡ̸ù
ڰʮһ֮Ҿ˴в˽ˣȷʵ仯ͦĹ
ǿδأҲ١
ڷҡҡͷô룬˵̲ʬ޴档
诣
⵽ˣ


7 
诣ҵĺý־ǱɺȾ𣿡
ںҲ٣һҲʲô
请㻹˵˻𡣡
ţ
˼ӣλðĲʿͷ˿˿ڡ
Ҫ𣿡
һ£Ҫôң
ǽȻͬ
Ǳܡ
ҲͨҲѪ̡ϣֻٶԶԶߡ
ʩӵġ
öȿԼҲǱˡ
ӰĶ󣬿ڼɱҪСʱϡ
̳￴ͨ˳Ϊ̡ߡơ
ѵĽҲļƼ
ЩƵͨȽϼ򵥡
ֻҪָص㣬ȶѹѣȻ׼Ǯˡ
ʮĽ
ϧ̫
һˢʱ䣬ļ
еƺΪ㹻࣬Ƶʮ춼û
ҿԣҲˡ
ڷͣһ£ȥҹټ
ıӰнԶѸʧҹɫ
诣
вɣһвɣ
㲻ʸë
쳤̾ȻͷĬĬԼҩ
šҽƽûüͿϣϺȻз
诲ȷô£Ǿűһˡ
ĳκȻѿ
ܸоʲôźӹⶼƤ
һӰ̮ĳԱߡ
ƺǸݵˣսϸС
ָ̧̧֣ŮüģȰòҪܿġ
Է˵˲䣬课;鲻Ծ
һǿҵԺϯ
Ҫ۾ֱӵͷ˯ȥ
Ϻһ˯űɣҲѵָֿо

ֵ˵¶Ц⣬ֱɱȡеش
һ̶Ľ꽻֮
͵رײѣ۾
ǸֵˣѾڵϣһ߳鴤һ߷ҽУƺ˼ȵʹ֮С
ˣ
ͷϤ
Ȼ̧ͷ
ڷ΢΢㲻֪һֱ㣿
Ǹƽ
һﲻ֪ʱȥˣµվԱߡ
诣
֪ҲǱˡ
ǿվôˣ
ɱڵϷ°ڵţ¶۾ѾѪĵҲһߡ
ңˡ
ڷԼش
诣ߣǴߣ
ࡣ
ٴδ񶯵ɱԱߡ
߲ڴ˰ɣɱң
ǡǵġ
ɱƺѾǳˣûУֻǼѵشϢš
Щ⡣
ΪԷشء
诣˭ɱңôҵҵģ
ϵңƬķɴͺԼ½ʱ䡣
ɱֵԽԽСڿոšĴ䡪
诣
ӿո۾ͱ
诣ҵƬҿ
ɱַѾֱ̧ۣһͼƬͶӰС
ƬǺڷ۵СŮȥ׼ݣհݣǺܾûԹӡ
ɲǺܾûԷô
롣
Ƭǰͻչ˾ǩͬʱĵġ
֮ǰʹ˺ܾãǲ跹˼״̬ڻҪһȦ
诵ͷɱ֡
ȻŪԱƬݷΧСܶࡣ
ΪʲôҪɱң
֪
˶Ǯ
ʮԪ
ðɡ
Գųˡ
ǰԸǲ˵ģڻгңҲܳôǮɱˣǮ·ˡ
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9 
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ʹ֣ɱҲ֪ʲôжĿֱ꣬ӳ
ڵ½ֵ֣Ĵ˷׷ܣ̯λƷ
诱߷ɳȥһ沣ŭĵϷɱְڽһٱᡣ
ֱԽضǡ
诱ð״亹ֱӲڵɭԥؽǮȥˡ
磬װ޷ѡ
Ǯû˿׬ûȻԸҲиȫʬС
Ź
Ƶ鷢Σʱ˾ͽľϰΪ
ΨһźǣνӴߣҲӰȴûƵµ
课ԼĸӦиޣڻֻ
Ȼò
Ҳûϵ
γ붬ʱ򣬹ӶЭԽԽˣﾭµˮйͨ
诶׵ܵѾƵշ磬һ˺Ҳǳɹۡ
ʼǼŶӣߵ
ܳнӵλ񣬷̯ÿԱ˵ҲиһԪ
ͨȥޣʬ
ϵޣࡢʵޣɱһȺֳͨˡ
ߣҲ˸Ҷ
ЭתȦڶļѵϢ￴ȥһŶ˵𲻸߲ͣʺԼġ
ըϵһ𲽣罻
иط˿ǽϴ˯ǰһϢ
诱Ե̬˹ȥ
νըһָը޵ĳѨոʬ塪˵ͨԳޡ
诣иҪ𣿡
Էһۣȥչʾһ¡
뿪Э֮诸˿Լѯֶܼãܲܳŵʮϡ
ԡ
طûٶʣֿ˿ʡ
ͷʾ⣬Ŀռް棬ҩ裬ñм۶һɵļ۸չ
诣ըǵĳѨû⣬ôƺ
лܡ
֣Ȼ򿪹Խ飬ְ
ؾ߳ǲ̫Σųĺ·зģ飬Ϳھʮֵλʻ
ʻ֮󣬿Ѳߵ˻׷ʧҲܿɡ
诿ڳߣͬʱʮ·ܼĹԢ¥ͽĽֵҲѸٱС
Ƕ˳
ðݡ
һ𷢱۵Ĺʮ齡̸Ƶк
һ˿ڳϴ˯
ɫɢ䣬ؽ۾һ죬ϳ诡
档
á
ע⵽Է˫۽ɫ۾ڵͫĳֽèƶ
ס
Ѻܴæشкͷԡ
ŰɫԺ͵͵˸βצĺɫõ廨ࡣ
诣Ǻá
ֵ֡˵ױ۳Ϊ˻Ϊʲô
˺ܽûж˵ʲô
ڿʻСʱ˾Ž˸߶ȣһƬɭϷ
Ŷಶȥ
̽ͷȥ¥ĸ߶ȡ
诣
С˾ٽһ߶ȡ
˾ĪĿ⿴⻹𣿡
ȻΪѵˡ
ҧȥץסײײػȥһʱûץȣ׸ߵĵطֱˤڲݵϡ
ûˤϼ׵ֻǱϻۣźڵ
лǰ·Ҷ˵ظ
һȺɭ˰Сʱҵһڵ͵صĿӶֱʮ幫ңȥ
ݶڿӱߣӿ͸Һ壬ˮԴԴϹ
ҵʱ
诵ļһ߲ͷʲôһ߿ڣʮšˡߡ
ʶѨʲô
һ
֡
һµʱ诰ڶڵ־ͱ׹⡣
δ֪Һһ·Хųֱ룬ֻžը죬Ȼʲôײ󱻵˿
̧ͷ˿
ǶһϰΪӡ
лܱŸ첲Ŀ⣬΢΢˵ͷ
úǿʼٿӣʪϱ鲼ʬ塣
Щʬ򼣬ֻǸͷҪһȦɫ壬ʮ乳״֫ϻһĤᣬȥģ
ʬȫսøɱֱװ
һСʱʱͣͣǰըʮѨ
ȵȡ
Ȼ䣬طͣסŲ
Ѿлͷģƺһͣ£Ҳ׷ֹסϵĶ
ʲôԶӿ൹ȥ
һ룬Ҷɽ޴Ĺ
¥ߣʮ׳׿֫˶űĹ⡣
ݣ
ӶϺ޾ɫĦȭơ
ȷʵɱȶЩСֵǮˡ
ȫ˫èۣҪú档
һʱ֪òϣѾˡ
սʮֻҡ
ԾŹ޵ж޾飬Щηηβ
ϾС
ƳͰοһ䣬˵ĻǿԼߣʮڱȻκá
ûĻ㹥ľ͹ˡ
诣Ŷ
Ҳĳˡ
ǰǰ˰Сʱڼ񶯵޵ǣȻֱɳȥ
пְĵУҲֻڼ̵һѺۣܿѪ
ԶǴ޵Դա
ʱֻ˵ˡ
˻ͷȫѪǰͷճһ𣬺һǣײ౨ˡ
Ҳòȥ
ǵƺܲһŽܽʬǮһŸȥϢԺ֡
ԡǰըΪ𣿡
Сʵ
ǰԼıѾ¶±ʣҲαװˡ
Ǹ¼ը޹أǡþŵ˵Ϣͻ῿Ͼǰǵʳ
ݺĵؽЩ޲ںԼĺͬụԡ
ɱ岢壬ֻΪǡи·ѡ
ֻ˵Ǻˡ
صЭ֮Ǹύ˳㻹˳ʬ塪гɼʮ֡
ϲظʮ
诣
ܹˡ
Ȼ֪Լõʮ򣬱Ͼͨ˼ҳģѨ˼ҵġ
ǳսûʲô˺ȫ̻ˮܶǧ;Ͳˡ
лܣ򣿡
˵򣬶ҪΪǳսĳ͡
Щ⣬û⣬лл
ҪɶԣҪһ
ļ򣬡һͦϲģԺ󻹿һ񣿡
ﴫһɧ
Ƿ׷׻ͷЭſ߽ˡ
վмַۣĸò㣬⼸ƺΪס
һ˵һ߿ɨЩʸĹӶԼССĻ
Ŀⲻͣ
ȻֻϰϤĹע
诣
Ǻԥ𣿣
ôԭֵߣһſͺǡ

и˴ҴææȺżЭṤԱϣûоõȡ
һ
ԥ̧ͷҸոյ˹
ǺѵʱӶڶſڣ̸λ͵ݡ
㲻֪˹Ǹ᳤ǵģӶЭĸ᳤
ʲôӭӣ
ϴΪļſڴܡ
ֻһоֹǣ԰ɣ
ӶƺҲЩĮĵؼ̸۸
诿ԼʱǣǺҲȤȱȱ
Ӧʯġ
°ͣЭЩһֱչʯȻ֪ǶʲôãƯġ
诣ǵ˼ǣǸպʯЭ̸۸񣿡
ⶫķǳô᳤Գӭȫ˵ùȥ
ݣǰȻأ
ʼ磬Ҳԣڸ֪ʲô
Ǿ߰ɣ
лܻ˻֣Ҳˡ
һſȥ
ǸǱԡѪȻϵ˶κˣжȻݽýĹӶ׷׸·
лܡ
Ǹոɱ˰棬ҿʬˡ
Բۣ𣿡
Χ͵͵
ǿ
㲻֪лļߣǲǲ𡣡
ߵЭſڣ뺫ԥ˹˲
ǽ̸ʱֻƬȻһЩ޹ؽҪĿ׻
Ҳֵָط˵ʲôܡ

Ȼ䣬ԥͷش߹ĹӶǣͣһ롣
ݱڡļһ죬ɢѪϢκһӶһ
һ˲䣬ԥܶ϶ԷմȾ
Ӧò뵽Ǹˡ
Ȼݵģͷ΢ĺڷ΢ϤС
ȵȡ
ԥס


10 
ٿȻž
ԥߵ˸Ī
᳤˹Ҳ¶ɫȻΪʲô־ٶ
סҲǵ͵ĹӶ硣
˴ڵĿͺʵʵҲܺʵէһԱûֱ档
ÿ
Ǹûؿڵ
͸Щʧ棬ҲŮԡ
ԥ֣Ҫȥϵ֣ǲǡ
һ룬Ӷһȭ˹
ΧһĻˣ¶Ϸɫ
Щսļһ˵ƵķӦ
ȻİסҪƿϵװ˭Ϊơ
֮ȻǱܵشȥ
û֣˷Ϊ۸
㡪
ԥ΢΢һ㶣ƺûϵ̧ɵסһ
ȭͷֱֵ̺һᡣ
ֲΪȻҪ˵
ţĿɫâȻը
ǧ貵ĵȺ˻ڶ
ӿĵɲǼƤѪ⡣
ľҴʹӿ
ԥһߵǷס
ˣ
һŭΪʲôֱӳˣǵµҡ
û˵
ԺԥȺûʲôӡ
ֻ֪Щδڵ۹Ҫְ

һӶ·߶ŭҲϼˡ
ԱߵЦһΪʲôԵ޹ǵ·
˫۽ɫèɱܵĻͲô
ôҪڼϵ˵ļǣ
ҲЦ˹ȥٶͣһǲǾͱ½ֵĿˣ
Ǹĸֻǰͽڵʵʵ
ǡ
ԥƺҲŭˡ
˫ʱţۼžҪݱһս
᳤òԲ
Ǹл
˹ȺӶ죬뺫ʶĶԱ֮ʲôԨԴ
лؿһۣļÿһˣҺȷû⡣
⻰Ȼ˵诵û⣬ֱ֮ͨӽ˶Աķ롣
˹֮⣬ֻøϿкԥȥ¥̸
ӶҲ뿪ˡ
ԥüȺԶȥӶֿ˿Լ֡
ƲأʣܿͻḴԭֻʹȴͬһ㡣
ʲôˣ
һӶСӣǵĶӳļߡ
˹˵㲻ӴЩӶҸǾͲҪӴǣǺϤЩ˲һ
ʲô˼
ԥֹһµʣǸ˹ղǸˣȷʵҵһˡ
ԥسַ֣ų֮󣬺ԥҲ̫ȷˡ
̶ȵԪܣǼ͵ģҪĿɣ
˵ǿҲֻ񣬲һˣ
˹ЦЦǻصɣ˵ʯ
ԥ㹻ӭӣʲôﲻĴ˹˷̫ʱȦӡ
˴ֵĴһȥ
ԥ˵һȤϢЭĺ̨
ӶЭڰֵطΪнƽ̨ȥЭӶìܣȷ״ɡɱԽ¼ЩǿߣǲΪһСìܽ½ɷ档
ȻѰġ
ϣֻ֪Э߲Ĺǣļߡ
Ȼ͹
ѵЭĴʼ˽ƾнְλļΪЧ
ڰǣȤϢ̫ˣЩģЩǼٵġ
˹˵ǣȻҲ
⻰ʲôû˵

һߣ诸һȺӶ뿪˵½
ǻ֡
ҲˣȺǱǾ䰵ҼŭˣǼԭƺһ
ղȺˣ˹ͨ򹷡
˹ͨ壿
ǰǸʯţ㲻֪һֱд˵ϵĹӶЭᶼ˹ͨ彨ġ
˹ͨʵǿʲۺĲ֮һ
ҪǿǾԿǰ壬ǰ
˹ͨڷɴ졢Դ͸߿Ƽҵ򣬾ȡľ޶
ǿƵĹʯķɴɴԼյ豸鼰棬¢ĴȼԴ
ǻƿһΪµһ޶ĿԴ
Ʃ糬ռȼϱҪԪؿڵǺŶҪȼϣͺŵĴ󽢸ˡ
ȻЩԴ˹ͨΰѳ֡
˵˹ͨͬڹЩҲչԱǵ֧֡
˵ǵ
ʼ磬֮ЭչʯǸҪʯЭᣬܿЭᱳ˴ߡ
诣˵ֻ룬ʯΪ˻ǮΪֺ˹ͨ𣿡
ԥƺһĶ
ݼþõŴĻǽӽϴֶΡ
ЩϢԭûд
ڿǹӶЭҪչʯ
ֻǲ²⣬ûκ֤ݱЭᱳ˹ͨ塣
诣ΪʲôЭҪʯ
˵һֲزʯͷϱھȻֵĲǿֻƬ
ЩɵĿʯԣÿֻƬʽֵʯͷǳϡˡ
˭֪ĳ
ݲ²˹ͨиϡпǶռʯʲôȤ
ȻҲûʯʲôӡ
Ҷûͺԥʲôڡ
Ҳû¡
úԥҵݼã׽͵£
Ȼ뵽ԷԼ˵ʲôҰڳǸ߸ϵ̬ǿݶе߷Ȱ롣
Ͳ
ˣԼ
ȺӶȥ˾Ƶ꣬ڶһ׷һССɶԡ
һȺڴ̨ϺȾƳⲻֺֻжӳڴһʳַ۵÷Ĳʰ쵵ذʮӡ
ĺǣһСʱ󣬳л֮⣬˶ȵ
κںصĵ̺ϣ컨巢㶡
𡣡
ݴ˴
诣ˡ
ӡ
̨ϣְһƿȥ
诣߿ﷸ
û
ǿܶԷɶûʲôҾƿ䵽¥µ̨ϣ˶
ţ
ˣһ߲һߴŷٲӴ㣡
诳ٶ۵ص㿪ԣժ¶ϣͨѶ
ͳö
գգ۾
ֿ˿ԣʾǡ
ڣͨѶ¼ѾˣЩǹЩⷿӵģЩչֹԵġ
Ȼ󲿷ֶգٲҲиһĿȻĴš
诣Ϊʲôʺţ
²ϵټںˣȻԼи˵ˡ
٣ǣ
δ䣬ݺȻһԾ˵Ǿ˻øˡ
ݣҪȥ⼸ˣһһɡ
ס죬ƺˣҪӣһ㡣
ͷҶУҪ۾ɫǳһ㣬ؼشһЩ
ˣǰôûظˣҶǵá
תͷСϲĸͣ㡣
读Ǹʺŵ˭
һ
˷ԣʺżͨѶ¼ʱ磬ϡǵԼһ졣
ݣСգҪûȤˡ
诱Ժģʱ׷ʲô
Ҫ
͵ͻԺƳһš
˼ؿڡ
ҪеģӸߵģģгϵĺڷۣ
ˣ
ˣ


11 
读
һƬ⻬ֽʵĶ
ơ
ʵؼ, Ȼ޳ĲǷ
Լһͷ̵÷ĺɫ
诳ˡ

͵ֱ߻ʬķˡ
ʲô
Ҳˡ
ʲôѷ滵ˣ
ץĽ, ־һ䣬Ȼ۾Ŷû˶ѡ
Ŷԡ
˲ǻˡ
ȥʬ岻, һԴ
󲿷ַˡЩȤ͵, ʺɨػû, ֲ˳Ļ
Ÿ߼ܵģķ, ûָ
诰˰̫Ѩ, Ϊʲôɫͷ
, ֻǵ˵ʲôʲô
վࡣ
ܾ鲻ˡ
Ȼһʱ벻ʲô⡣
诣ʲô𣿡
ҾֻҪϰûˡ
̨߽ϡǵһֱ, Ȼſ˯ˣȻûõಿλ
诣
ԺҲƵĻ档
˿ԣиͨ¼, ֻʱ䲻͹ҵˡ
ͨעΪ
һʱû, , ζ˭
诳˼, ֱӴһȥ
ʮ, Ǳ߽ͨˡ
Էû˵ҶһƬ, ʱʱбըĺ, ߰ǹ
诣ΪʲôǱôң
ȶԷ, ϽǸ治˼
ϡǵԼ䣬˵ʲôּǲסˣӦһЩûòĻ
ﴫ˵ͳɤΪʲô
诿˿һƬҵķ䡣
ڴ·ͷױΣǶŵ˴ϣէЩ졣
诣Ϊ˵Ļ
Ŷ
ζӦһľ仰
诣
֪һﲻ׷ŹԼ
诣кüû˵ˣȻңӦм°ɣ˵°ɡ
Ǽû˵
ĵ˵ѵΪɱȥͽ𣿼ʹԼ棬Ҳҡ

ô˵ˣ
һʱ֪˵ʲô
诣ûУ֪϶ϡǵͽôˣӦѡͬǿ߽ս
𣿡
ÿɷ˵Ȼ㲻˽ҡ
ұҲ˽㡣

Ҽʹ˽ҲֻΪ븴
ĬỊ̆˵Ĳԣ
ҴӲںֵǿ˵Ƕû𡣡
˵ֻҪǮС
诣
ⷿﻹбˣûʮ˵ڣǮ˵ࣿ
ʮ򡣡
诣
ˣѾȷоԷڳԼˡ
课ȥ⣬Ϊ񲻹ô˵ԼԿ
˵ʲô
ҡ
˵͹Ҷ
Ȼ˵ַʱ䡣
һСʱ
Ҵææϴ贵ͷʱĻŲ
ؿƼֲá
߽˼ҵսƵĵڿнսĻ棬Ѿڳе
һƬǽֳԼһЩģӰ
ûʱעЩʹҽͨŷʽŸԼȥˡ
صгһҿ
ģյĽֵЩľ֦ͺ̻һԴԶȻïʢ
诽Լĳͣ棬ժ˺ֻŷ羵ˡ
˺٣ľڽ˵һСڽǡ
ڲǽĻǰĳխߣһڸ߽ϣΪ̫ȵ˵档
ϣ˻ȫյȣþòǰ
˲
ڶҫ£ĺڷƺһǳǳĽâ˫۾ɫҲһЩ
Ȼڵİֻ棬°ڵʵʵ
յô
诣ܻ档
ڷĬؿ

˫۾ţĪѹȸУҪ˵Ҫʲô
΢΢üҪ£ȡĴ𰸡
ƺòöԷ˵Ȼ
诱ֱۣðɣңȻش㣬ܴ߱ˣҲܿƱ˵һЩܣΪһЩ£ǲ̫֡
ҪǣǲʶԼơǱٿصĶرǲŻоʹࡣ
һ㣬¿
ֻһСԿ˵˵Ļ滰ôɲԿ飿
εʧܺͳԣʼɹˡ
ԺĿı⣬һЩرΥԼԭ־顣
Ʃ˵޷һɱҲ޷һ˽ȫƲԼ
һ˱ȽϸԣֲôţܿƶԷԼһٷ
ʹ˴˶İˡ
ԹɹˣΪ˲Ǹ׼˵ʱһ˷ֵһ뷹Ǯ
̯֣ȻôĺܴһеۣҪȥ̽ʲôܣҿԡ
ˡ
뵽һڼ䣬һñҵĻֻҪûر߼˵˶ʶҡ
ʵĲ
꣬Ƶ˦һ䣬Լ
诣
Ҫȥһ˵
ڷƽ˵
诣Ҳһȵȣʲô
ըһף߶ص
ǿջЦҲܸƱ˵
ˡ
ԷƺûĽֱͣͶһССȫϢӰ
ӰһòӢˡ
ԱκˣָƺĤһģһ
诵ĻȻֹ
ʲô
ôõ
ֻǲܡ
ЩؿڣҲܸƱ˵
Ŷ
ڷͷƺЩЦ⣬Ҫ
ɶ
ô᲻Ҫ
ڿڱͣɱˣͿԶ˯Ⱦˡ
ȥݼãҲ׵öࡣ
ҧҧҪҵõȥʲô£Ҫαװˣαװɱˣ
Ȼʵϡ
㻹ɵ
ڷ국۵õ
ǸѾͬĬ˸Ĵڡ
һҲһõ

诣ҡ

Ҫ͵ĻƱҪ¶Լ⡣
Ʃ˵ҪƱ˵ҪȱӰ졪ˣԼԼҪôӰˣ
诿ٷ˷ϣȻ֣ĿƺҲԽʩӸˣñ˱
аɡ
Լ֧ˡ
ȥԣ˵λ𡣡
š
˼ļһ¡
诣
ڷͷòҵ
诣
㿴Լ
һر𵭶Ŀ˵Ǽܵģ˵ɣ
һμʱ򣬾⡣
诼ǵú
⼸ץסʱͻȥ壬˲ٸߵӪҲЧظо
诣ôˣһֱڶ
ԷͶעӣڿʲôܿɱĶʱ˵ҪǧǶ٣
Ҵû˵ǧҵʱʱ㶼˵꣬ڲŹ˼£
说
ԷƮƮؿһۣǶ٣
诣Ҳش𡣡
ЭԳﲻ7񾭹һʱĶ8Ͻӽ9
ڸɼܵʱôһš
ǿʱʣ
㡪
ʶܴ١
תһ룬ʱЭһԵˣҲͨģȴɴ˾ʮ֡
Լˣȡ衣
诣ò
ղŵĻһ£Ϊҵ̫ΪҸƵƣ
ڷͷȷʵԹʹҵʧˡ
诣
诣㾿ô֪ģ
ʱı֣һͺҪҵ
Ҳ˵
죬ô֪ܸƱ˵
顣
Լ˵
诣
ȻԷƺˡ
׷ʣҲֻǺܷܵ˵Ӵ̫ˡ
诣ƵˣҲܸƱ˵

ڷƳһۣаƷâҲɱ

аɡ
诲֪ò⻰Ҳ֪ԷǲвԼνˣʵҲһȼ
̾˿˺ˣҫˣ˵¡
ûˡ
ԱߵѾվϢشԱ߹Լˡ

ڸ߽ϣȻҪͷǲҪǸ
ҡҡͷ㣬ǡ
诲ŵؿʲô𣿡
һһ¡Ϣ
ͣͣĸޣӦҲӣҾȥƵĸˡ
诣ôģ
Աһμĸоɡ
˵ֱˡ
ڲǽӰʧڽϣֻоѪӿ


ôţϾԼľˡ
»ԼкôܳɹĻ
ҵľˣʲô˺顪Ϊִֻպ̱Ÿɵó
ôοԼ
Ȼ򿪶Էϸо
ĿһˣмС˾ȻǸαװĻǵмˣ˷Ż͵֮ǣߡ
Щ׵ġд࣬󲿷ֶһƳ
˷ŻͨڸְǻƫԶĸ˾ж
ץ߲ͬ岻ͬˣߴǼʺչˣȻ󵱳ɻװϣԶ
ĿΪм̣ͷЭ
˷Żõ嵥ٽ嵥ת
Щ̱ۣм˽۷ңѡҡ
̿Ƽ򵥣ϸȴ൱鷳
ֹ˿ڽףշɻὫҶֱǹС
ڰֵطܿȱȽƵĽҲܰϡ
м˲ҪǣߡҪԽ׽иαװͨո۵ļ⡣
诿ϡ
ϣĿǰһҸߵֻһȺ߼Ȥ㣬ʱıǶȺ
ǼһǻԱƶȣžҪ쿨
诲һ¡
ͳֵԪ׵ĸѳ
ṩȤȷʵܲ
诿ſͶӰķ˹棬･һƻ
ͷ˷Ϣ
ƶû˹ġϰܲܽҵǮõġ
ƶû˹ġһϢ
ƶû˹ġǰܲܽҵǮõġ
ʧ
ϰ庰ϰˡ
˲ʮӣǱ߻Ϣˡ
߹Ҫ٣
诣
Ǹ˳ǳƣܾԼˡ
ƶû˹ġУͽٰǮ㡣
ֹʮӣյԪתˡ
ˬ죡Ҿ֪Ǯ
诼ôλ
ҹֻ׵㣬ң޺쵵ţһ
Ŀ굽ˡ
ǸװˣʮֿһȺڣ߽˽̻Ի͵Ĵ
诸ǺȥˣһߺͷԱѯԱأһ߹۲Ŀȥ
Ĵƹⶼޱȣָͨͬ
Ŀͣսžͱȥ˶¥
诿Ⱥڣʶ˶Щ
ȻֱӸȥ
¥ʮͬ˭֪ȥ
תڸԼԱķԱ˵ҪԼͷƣ簬˹߰ҡ
ܻӭҲҪߵķˡ
Աһ⣬ͶȵĳֵҲõһɣ˺¿˴

ԱҡҡͷĲʱ򣬸ղλǮ
һ£ʶԼ˵©˿˵ϡ
ҲûʲôҪġ
ԱÿϣԤңԤԼźţҪŵ֮˵ͬʱԼ
֪װһϧӣ𣿡
ǵģ˼
Աͷſʼﻹлʮǧȯÿѱ롪
Ļûˡ
ѸԼļƻȻʼݡ
̾˿Һʵʵ˵ֵܣҾǱҺͰ˹Ĺ򶯣žԱġ
Ա˿⣬Ҷܶ˶
ȻҼǣܲܡ
Щ˼˵ܲԶԶһۣ
ԱЩԥ
ѹī۾ұ֤ҲչȥҲˣһҾٳǮ
Աһ£ðɣֻҪȷȥ﷢¡
ӺԱŴȡ
ͷƹҫۣصֹ̺ķŶװûޱȡ
һһŮǰս߳˶ͷ𷢣ƤͰ۹⻬
Ů˴¶ȹ
һ룬诲ʶˡ
ǺͽֱЩʮǮһΡؽڻ¸ķˣȫͬĵΡ
Ŀбӵ߹ȥͣһȷǰıֳĳּɨǡ
ȻǷ˽ȥ
ջĿ⡣
ȷĿķλˡ
߶о
ˮ׼Աܿܶߡ
϶ðֱӴܵġ
ͬʱһȺ˴һ߿Ϊ׵ļŮǺڷۣòЩơ
е졣
ȵȡ
诺Ȼò̫Ծ
ѸջĿ⣬Ҳûע⵽ֻΪǸͨˣ˵ûʲô˼ɡ
һˣҲǸùȥˣ
䵽˷˰ɡ
ģϣûɵˡ
ΣһֿԡǱǵ°ϴҪôҪô˷ӣ֮ǰҲúˣǻǵڲͬ򽫻ת֣ϣȷʵǰǮġ
ƬǸӣɨػ˶ã˭ڴϣ
ˣģｲǸ˵£˼ô˵𣿡
֪ѡ
诣
īסϵ飬ȴǳ𾪡
Ⱥռҵˣ
˵ŮļƷݣ
Ʃġ
ռҼճŮ壬Ҳĵľ˾ˡ
ڼҲЩݣֻǱȲճŮԻҪȰ¡
ŮعŮŮ÷˶ŮЩԹȡ֣ɹˡ
ǸղŶԻݣƺˡǵģҵľԼ
ǻԼǵץ˷ӣѾǣǮġ
ΪǮΪм̣Ӧ˷ӵġ嵥
诺Ȼʶһ¡
ԭŮɵĻѹ·չȻһ£ɴϣ˼Ʒǡ
ƷǱݺŮΪԼָл
󣬺ԥ֪ŰŮҪΪŮŮ˵ȺݾԼԥҪɱǡ
ڿȺ°ŮǵȷʵŮǮм̡
ĵҵмֻ̣Ҫ㹻ǮȻõν嵥
ʹò嵥ʳûһڷ۵δŮ࣬ǷԻǡ
Ůĳ˷ӵķɴϣǲҪȵῪʼܽŮ
ǹ
ǱˣȴҪŮΪͬ㱻չ
ٴηһīǰ˼Ҫˡ
ԱߵķԱһ£ôˣ𣿡
ڱǰ˻ӣҰ˵ζ̫ˡ
ԱߵһȺ˲Ȼɫ䡣
˵ʲô
ʲô
·Ҳڸǲסϵĳζ¾ĹӶ
ǲʶ诣Ȼߵʺ̬Ѿݡ
ռҵ˶һǹӶ޷ܡ
Ȼ诶˺
Ͼϸ˵ǻǳûҲĸˡ
Ǿ仰ȫֻΪìܡ
ʱԱѾŵöԶˡ
ޣǵң
Ȱ಻סһȭ˹Ӿͽ̽ϵˡ
ǲΪʲôᱻϾǸӶܿ챻ĳ˴һ٣Ӵ˾ʹеˡ
Ǿһµˡ衣
诲
һȭǽϣʱ޴ĺ죬ǽѺۡ
˲һȺڣܿ콫Χס
ǣûмҲûҪս
ô£
һһ˴ӷ߳
·ң³Ż¶ݵţ̾Ϣ
Ŀˡ
ĸ뿪ڣǡ
Ǹ
Ѿǰ棬ǮҵĴ̸һ⡣
ԭǸǵ
ؿ
Ǽʺǳ궼켣̫УȻԴΪңſڱտڵĴǵ쵼ˡ
ˡ
ȤȱȱؿҽκΡ
Цһ£ץ壬˫ˣûȤ
˵ʱϬ˵ʲô
ǰ˼ߵǰ棬ȷռҵ˿Լժī
˵۾˵ʲôˡ
˳˼˼ӣ
Чˡ
˵øһЩ
±кܴջټӰ죬ͻЧ
ǰ
ι
̤ǰһҪֹ
ѾΧ
磬
һռץסĵĸ첲ҡҡͷ
Ѿ˷
Ǻ˵Ǹ֮⣬ΧһȦǷˣпŮΡ
һѸߵɫ̲ݺͷĩѻһ
ҡ
Ǯɳϣû˵£ֻһ˵˱Ƶݹ
г𣿡
诽ӹƱ˵ллĳ嶯˳һѷ˵֡
ˣǰĽԡ
оԷƤʮֹ⻬˶ԷСָۣ⸧ˮļ⡣
ңҵĴ
һһ˵Խ𷢷¶ѵЦݡ
ʮǵɡ
ظŷ˵ֱۣңҵһȻЩ㲻Լ
˷Цֻʶ̫ˡ
ɡ
诲ļ䡣
˵Խ࣬ЧԽ
֮һһǸ˱ɱżǸˣҴϴҲֻΪҵͷǸ˺񡣡
ȷʵеˡ
§סԱһˣǲһеġ
ȻǣԴЩֱ˷ӵĴϣѹ̫ˣԸֱӸ߸ʶˡ
ЦЦ
ֻͨˣֵðհѴǣȻ˫ˡܵһ˻ˣ
Һ
ֱ壬ʵڲǸ̸еļһȥҲǸϵӣҲĴһ˿ˡ
ͷ
̫ˡ
۾ǳ廹壿Ǵˣ˵ˣҪȫϢӰ񡣡
ŰڳһûӰ̸ӡ
̾˿֪һеĹأ㿴Ӱұ˾ˡ
֪ء
ҸողСĵҰˡ
ƲƲ죬һܶԸһȺҿܻҵĴ
ϣңѱڽֱһؿոϴ
һ˵һȫעض˵۾

˷̵Ц˼
Щɻشչȥ
һץסĸ첲
һ룬课ĳֱĴӿǱĤ塣
վӿ
˵߳ȥǾԲ֪˭
ʵվӡ
һͷԼ˫ֵķɫ࣬Ҳͬˡ
诣άֶã
㹻ߵոۣڣøҡ
Ŀɫװ껪ķ䣬žĻͬš
˵ʬ嵹ɳϣϰյýá
ȥˡ
诵ɳϣش˿Ͼĺ˷ӡ
ⷿЧǳãս̫죬þȫһĿҽжûоͱˡ
ȫûκζ
ֻһȺˣǶɱ޸оֻȺؼָ
ʬոɾ֮ǿЩ
վŸղŵĸо
Ĵӿ֫Ƥһ鳤𶯵
Ѿߵӡ
ǸոǴθıûߣٸ˶ʮֵԵʣϥǶʹ
Ψһֵҵǣ·ǽһ¾Ͷˡ
诿˿ǽϵľӣʶ׵ˡ
ֻǱ·

诽Ͷм̵ʬ塣
Ȼ·Щջװױѵһԣһ£Լ°Ŀá
¿̫ˣ˵·ʲô
Ӻ
说ţȺռҵˡ
ԼѪԵϵױǡ
Ǹͦأ¶߰һ𽵹£ڵȴű˵ֺá
΢Цһ£ǿԹˡ
Щ˵齩ϣѸתãκͲţǷŭ
˵ʲô
Ĳŵ˵
ǿǡ
ˣ԰ɡ
ЦЦ˵ûȤ֪˭
ռҵ˴Ϊ𾪡
㣡
㲻ҪҪ
Ǻȫû뵽һǵ˾ȻôԴǡ
ΪԼʸ˵ֻ𣿡
һϹݣͲҪҵʱˡ
ռҵɫѿ
ԼסĵطЩǵ壬ȻҲһˡ
ȻϣǸȨƵĺűȱȽǡ
˵͹ϹϵʹǵļȷʵйĻᣬҲٸҵһ̧ͷҡ
ĵĴ˷ӡ
ŭġ
Աߵһѣ꣡ˣ
߰ɡ
诹ţĺٴ̱ɳϡ
Ǽ䣬Ȼûˡ
ܶҲܴ󣬱ܳܣη֮ѾҪͿˡ
˹ķԸȻͿʼռˡ
̣һǸղǸǵ˵ʲô
Ҳͻֻʱ뿪˶¥
ȵȡ
һռüûоãոǸǵе죿
ʲô˭
ԥһ£ǸͺͣеС㣿Ǹǵߣݡ
С˵ȻռҼŮ
˰ɣʲô¼ණҲʹСᲢۣ
Ĵˣ
诶Щ̸һ֪
̱ڷ˷Ϣ
ƶû˹ġˡǲǺ
ƶû˹ġǮҰ쿨ˣûѣҰѻԱתˣԵġ
Ӻ󣬻ظˡ
߹ģ
һ¡
ƶû˹ġʲôϵܲҪæɣа취ġ
ֻҪٶһʱ䡣
߹ڿ϶̱ɳϣ·ѡ
诣
说ɳֱȻֿ˻ȥ
诸˵ַͷš
ƶû˹ġһɳϣû̱У㲻Ұɱ˰ɣ
ƶû˹ġҲˣɱˣܴʬİ취
߹

ﱣڶһأ֪˻ˡ
Ⱥ׶ߣȻֳȥûս̺ǽûһ˿Ѫ
⡣
ڷ۵걧ֱۿǽϣ㲻ɱҲҪɱ
üʮʱĳطҷŵЩˡ
΢΢ҡͷʮ롣
诣
ϵڵأŵǣӡ
˵ǿϢʱˡ
诣
ֹһ
ü㻹վס𣿡
Ȼˡ
ǿס˫ȣվסӦܲٴһܡ
𣿺ܿҪˡ
ָָȾͷܣߣ
诣
ԽദԽǷ˵Ķ֮
ˣеƢ
е㾫񲡡
ֵš
读м̵Ĺ԰ŤͷһǸз˹ɵԱߡ
ſε
ƽԭأ΢΢ͷȴûиĶˡ
һѡ
֪𣬾󲿷Ȥ˶սûзӦУܣЩس趨һսǾͻ״̬˵Ϊ˽Ǳ򻵵ļʡ
Ҳں
ԱߵĺڷشٶһͣԿһؼҡ
ŷ֣֪ʲôǸм̵ʬʧˣ˵˵ϵһѹǻңյů紵Ĵɢ䡣
ЦһҲôģ֪Ϊʲô𣿡
֪
˵ͷ
Ϊҿ
Ϊûмҡ
ͬ˵
诣


12 
ڰԱϵ֮ǰ, ·޾յ뿪ֻҲûܵκ׷
ϾЩ˲ǻҪĲƲ, ˶Ҳûб͵ߣͶôҪ
ڰϣݹص, Ҳ, 󲿷˶ȥ, ߼ʹ˰Ҳᱻ׷鴦
οм̺ĳЩϵ, ϵ, Ҫɱ˻, Ҳֹһ
ֻϰֻΪǰɼһ˶Ը¶С
诣ˣڲȷˡ
ʵȫм̵, ָƶԸơ
Ҳ˵Լʹм̵ĹԣαװмȥЩʲô¡
ô
֪֪
ĸŻ˿ڷΪ, ˷Ӷץֱǹеģ
ҹʱ, гʮֽֽ߽ǵҹ
ڽڲλ, һߵȷһ졣
ոսм̵ĹԷһ顣
ѰҵõĶ, ˷ӵ¼, оһЩνġ嵥
һЩѾ̸׵⣬ֻȴмȥ
зɴڿո۽, š
һ, ҪǸ, ˵ȵȣ࣬䶼СҶߣֻûʲô
诣㶮ҵ˼Щ˷ӵķɴٱˡ
ЩͷʵķֱӸٱ⡣
ȻЩطЩҲԲ˲ⱡ
Ϊڰǣһ繷ʺǰķǻȥܡ
Ǿٱ˱ݣǲòӡ
诣ϾûԼ¡
˵ֻƾԼܻ쵽ɴϣܷųˣ
Щ˷֯Ҳߡ
ɲܱ֤ԼһܴЩˡ
ѹԸӶЭС
ĵ˵ǻԸ⴦Щµġ
Э᣿
ЩȣԸ
Ǳ˹ͨԸ
棬㲻֪
诣ȷʵ˵Э˹ͨйϵģ
ͷЭ߲㶼ǿơ
Լܽ˫ϵ
诣ˣ˹ͨ˷𣿡
θûشˣֻԻ˻
ĬĬͷ򿪹ԡ
˲飬ֹȥʮд˷ӱץȻֱ̻ǹС
һЩжĴбץֱ̫ﱻը̻
˹ͨĹʯֻܲ죬ȨƺӰﵽ˶塣
صӶǳǮϸ˵Ǽ˽˽ӡ
诣ЩĻںһϷ𣿡
ŵͣһ¡
诣ǵôô졪
ִ򿪰Ͱ񣬻ɰǼӸߵ򣬿ҳ·
Ŀ꣺ɡ˹ͨԱʯŶ³
͵ȼ
ͽʮԪ
ȫϢӰ۵˿ɳ̲ϣӢģǿСɫ㣬һһŮ
΢΢ͷһȦʯⶤ˸貵Ĺ
诣ȥԱ
ˣԼһο͵ʱ򣬾Ͷеӡ
ٷһҳ͡
һҲĳλǳ֪Ĺ
ȫϢӰĽ˿аƤ԰ףǴӵȧǡ
ӡʵȴҶڴţ¶ʯǿ׳ţϴһ״ıʯӡ
Ŀ꣺
͵ȼ
ͽʮԪ
λǰͣȻͽȴЩͶࡣ
͵ҳȾǶ˼
ЩֵߵŮŮУϹʮͽˣҲֹһ
ٷһڸԱ͹֮䣬˹ͨ˳ֻ֣ҳ˹ͨþȫˡ
ϴ֮⣬˶ڰ
ȫϢӰ񣬵Ǳϵˡ
诣棬Ǽҵ˺ֵҲȶ
ͶһĪ񣬡㲻Ҫ˷ӵ£
ǰֻǺȻٿһۡ
诹صҳ棬֮ҾͰѹԸӶЭ᣿ǻ𣿡
ҿԺһȥ
˵
课ӦʶЭĸ߲ҲͷˣУȥɡ
ϾдҪִոˡ
ҹˡ
ӣҪһ𣿡
ĺڷ΢΢ҡͷ
诣̫ˣҾǿһ¡

ؿһۡ
ػɣֻǲժϵ֡
ȻеԷĳ࣬ȴҲԶԶǿɵĵز
ϰǻΣֵ϶ܸߡ
ʺܵ͡
ϾڰǵҽԺѾǳ졣
̫ĻǣҲúܱǸˡ
ֻһˡÿˡǳÿˡ޵кÿˡ
˵ÿˣһ¡
诣ʶһˣƺʯӶЭᣬΪʲô
ҪͶЧ˹ͨ塣
˼˼ػش
ǰǵķһ
诣ΪʲôֻǮ
ΪֹЭչ
˵ʶǸߣ
诵˵ͷܻЩµ߰ɡ
ȻԺԥȫ޺øУⷽ滹ǿ͹۵ʵǡ
ڷ국Ƴһۣƺ۷ǳΪȻ
˳˼
ݼӺԥõĳпܾʯԭǿǳɹˡ
ôԭﺫԥΪ˱ʯǣݼʯʲôڵĺԥһҲĳȨˣ
ʯʲôôֻܲղƷİɣ
诣Эᣬ˵˹ͨ壬ΪʲôҪչʯ
ԭܶࡣ
ڷһֳ࣬˵ʯԼܣһ¡
课ˣͨ˱ߣ
΢΢ͷ
üһ
Բʲô˾֪£ЩӶ֪ʯ;
诣ô֪ģ
Ǹ˾֪ɡ
诣
ɴֱҲ˰ɣαôίء
诣˵ԭܶ࣬أ
һ
˿С˫۷ģһ˶ԷĻ룬㲻С
诣Ϊʲô
ֻȫպȿˣл
аɡ
ҲͬԼúԶϾõûкܳʱ䡣
νȫյĳ̶ȣ¼궼δܹ
˵һ£ʯܼͨ˵ܡЩչʯ뽫ڵľߣ
ǼԱʯҪôǽֻΪָЩΪЧҵˣ
ȫ˵ͨ
̾˿λϡ
ůڣڣѬòǽһƬʡ
ֵĸɫƹⶼģ
ơ·ơƺ͹ͶӰ߰һţҹɫ˸˸
ˡ
عͷ
ڷŴĽ־
ϵϡ쵹Դк˳Ľëʣ׹̶ıɫС
һ˲䣬ǲǧĴշ羰
ʱǺ
诺ȻԼ˵Ļˡ
˼ӣ˿ʱ䣬Ǹˡ
һ·ϣ诶ĥ÷
ɶʵǺܸߡ
ȣʲôͱʲôֻܱ㴥ˡ
˼Σֻܱɸм̵ӡ
ȻֻҪȥˣҲ
ڽʩӵϣñ˸ıòҲֻܱˡ
⣬ʹúά֣ǳǳ
Ϣһʱ䣬һٷѾȫָάôӣеۡ
ֲüʹм̱ˣ̫
ְҵ˵ҪʹĳϱҲ̫࣬οһȺڡ
µĳԣѾǳȷԼƵԼ
Ʃ;ܡ
õʱѾ˸÷
ӦҲ⡣
Ӧóʱȥˡ
ǵִӶЭʱ򣬴ȻΪ֣ۼ˲ˡ
кͶѳܵģͼ׷ܵģк;񳳼ܵġ
诺Ȼͣס˽Ųм̵Ĺ
ȥɣе¡
Աߵ˲ÿɷ񣬾ֱݣ;лʲôˣЭĹԱ
ǸƷĹԱ¶˹̬ȣƺЩţ˵ʲô
ڷ۵˵ͷ
ԱϽ˵ݣƵսսˡ
诿һۣת뿪˴
賿һ࣬ĵ½ԵЩ壬Щŵƣм̨Ļ˸ĴӰϡ衣
ȥǹƬֳ
ǰһ·ԱߵСͷ˼Ǹͳɼܡ
Ӱ

һͻ֪Ҫ⡣
Ϊֻһ˸أǸǸ˺ˡ
ǰվŮǺڷ۵ģе¡
ȻҲֻôķưˡ
Ȼ
ƺ֣뵽ʲôһЦСˣû뵽㡣
˸Ȼ¶һԻӣôǡô֪
Ŀı飬ʶܴԼһˣΪǱʲôˡ
û뵽ɣõܾ׷١
Ա˵ļ򣬡ոһ£һ֮ڣܳ򣬷Ƕҵ㡣
۾ˣŶ׷
ռҵˣ
īǿȻôҲǺ¡
еϲ˷ܡ
ɵ˰ɣ
ЦһΪڻǻʮѾĲˣû뵽㻹˰ǡ
诣ţ˵ʲôϴ˰ɣ
ݣװˣֻǸ˾ɣ
ŭ֪˭ʱǹġû뵽Ȼǵ˷ۣͬ治䵱ռҵˣ
诣ҲʲôҲվӿԼ˭ǺѪԵϵġ
Ǽ˲Ȼŭ
ӡУһǹ¶ع壬ȻָмȻСԴǡ
ϾﳤУԶôá
οһĸĸ綼ˣ壬ֻŲȡԲúö
Ժʩշһ£¶ڼúЩ
ǡ
˭֪һǹ¶뿪£ͱһѪζİǵӶǳԲѷ
£Ҳûôɡ
ϾڻǵʱѾˣֻҪǼºˣδػԼļ塣
ֻҪЩպʹ˾ͺײ鵽
οһܻܿǵЩĴƯʶﷸͲԼĳ
ҿóԵѵˡ
ҧгݵ˵
Ӱһ˲Խ׵ľ룬ӭͷһȭ¡
诲ܣֶ̧һ
СϷڲƣ𻨱Ľ
谵Сﱻ
ȫǴľ
Ƕȭһ˲䣬课ʶԼָǿ϶Ҫˡ
ľʹָӿ
ڶݵʱоֵֻĴڡ
ţһһ˿Ҫʵʹˣֱסֲڵǽ档
㡪
ɫɷ׵غˡ
ͷ亹乣ںɫ˱鲼ֱۣѪ䣬¶񾭼졣
˿ȥֲ̫ˣֱͽ˸ѹ硣
Ա߼ռ˷׷ɫ䡣
磡
ԱߵŮȥĵ˿ڣ̧ͷ诡
ص壬Ҳ㡪
úúã
ЦҲ֪ʲôʺˣȻܿԪܣ
ݡ
硣
ĵԱߵĳ˵ֻҪŲó͹ˡ
ü˵
ЦʶĨʬ⣬Ҳ˵ʲôŲóڡ
诽Щһ
ʵôԼΪ
ԭŮԴЩޱȹǼЦӲڡ
ȻǲûƴԽ֣ʼŰĥӾϡ
ԼЩ黹ֱ
ܺǻϣҲûҪǴùϵ
ڣǷˡ
ҧ󣬳
͵һ˦֣ϸнڽ쳤⺮˸
ǴĳСͷĿ
ڵѪĹǲƤ
ǿҵĵⲼۣһ·죬ֱϸĽϲҫ۵ĵ
һȦȦ绷ȸԾڣž绶Ц
֮⣬ͬʱ˹
ȥɣ
ռ⼸˾ʲô֣ս鲻㣬ƽѵҲô̿ࡣ
ȻҲɱһȺǵĵƦåͨɳԱ
ϾǽܹϵͳѵһǴСʼģǵٶʵһϡ
诺ѶǵĹֻӲͷƤçȥǲȫԼĵ
˫ֻһӣȫˡ
ռҵҪսپվ˵žǴƬˣݵػԼӡ
ϧ˶࣬˭أ读ǻᱻ˲סҲûʱȥ
ֹ˼ӣ诳վˡ
ȫΪˣҲΪͷŸѹȫˣÿⶼڳ鴤ս
ǽͼȴκβλʹ
ĬĬԼĺߡ
Ҫôһ̱ͲռЩˣһʱ
ʱҪ˵Ҫࡣ
ڵսǺֵһᡣ
ȫˡ
ȫɵ߿ǽϡ
ǸϴˣȻǽΡΡͼȻ˼ζûܳɹ
ҲѪ˿ڳª类ǵƤ⣬챩¶ڣ֫ƺɫݡ
Ū
ʹҧҡҲ˵κλ
ҡ
˼ѵؿЦһ
Ҳվˡ
ϢһܿЩظĿǰҲɥʧжˡ
˴˿ԸԼֻתƻվǴ󲮵ŮҸоǵ
ǵǹӶЩ˻һʸûˣѾûˣ
һһ˵ԼǸӰһص˽ӣʹߣҲûĸܽûԸ顪ǵһһ࣡
ǵ֪ǼʺҲãǵĹӶҲã쳯Ϧȥһ˽ҡ
ңֻǸ޺ķʹȡŲҲܼš
صش
ʵЩȻֱӱϵˣ붯Ҳˣֻܵ
ǣȻ켴ʹǲôõŲ֮Ҳ
꼸ꣿʮ壿ʮһĻشˣ
һڻǵﳤ󣬲ܹܽͳѵнĳɾͣȻֻԼŬ츳
ٹ꣬ܳɳʲô̶ȣ˲
ɲв
Ƕ֪¡

СһƬš
ſǽߵĹӶ
Ҳһգգؿǡ
ʱȵľǻָ˭վ
ȻⳡԴҲֲʤˡ
СƺεĿ磬˶ֱѹڵأá
˭
𾪵ش󺰵
ţʲôˡ
诼ѵͷСﾡͷվϤӰ
ڷ˫ֳſڴ°ڴ䡣
ȻŰ֣¶Ӣͦüۣڻ谵ƹʵķУɭȻ

ͳ˵
ȫ֪ʲô
һ룬˵Īѹ飬ҽͻ챬Ѫĭ


13 
ѪϢ
Сһļž
ĸ˵ʬȻ, שǽϲдѪ⡣
Ȼ֪˿϶Ǹ֣Ȼδۼ֤Էս
ڿһĻ诼𺳵˵
Ȼ, Լ޷Ϊ̫ˡ
ұ۷ˣ۱˼ȹۣŽŽ, ֫鲼Ÿǳǳ˿ڡ
Ҫ, ߹Ƕ˼, ʲô˷ÿκʹҪ
ʧѪ˵, ˡ
Ȼ, ˵, һʱ˵ġ
ûˡ
죬΢˵볰, 㣬Ͼ־ң, ллȻĻ, ҸЩ, ֪, ⶼҵ鷳
ûͱ졣
ڷߵ, ɤͳЩˬ
Ҳû˵
ΪԷ, ĺۻܡ
ŶԷ߽, ߴҷӰ, ȫԼȻ֡
޳ָմѪ۵ķ˿ƤȻĶͷ
Ȼ诸еһƽ
𽥺ת˿ڣԼɢʹһ
诳̧֣ѱ۶ϵĹͷλȴʹ
ԱߵһԲذס󣬡𶯡
ôô棿
Щƣͷܡۣ
ѴλĹƺԭˡ
诣
ܹ˶೤ʱ䣿
ӣʮӣ
Ѿվˡ
ңʵʱܿ죬ֻΪʹֵ˼ӡ
Ѫͷϣϣ·ϣȫѪȻϵ˿Ѿȫʧˡ
˦˦ոշԹ۵֣̫ǿ˰ɡ

ڷ걧ֱվԱߣƳһۣ֪
诣
ڶԷȷʵǿʱɱԼķϣȱ졣
⵹Ҳһˡ
ͨǾͽҸط˯ȻºͰǻҲͺˡ
ûȫϣҲ϶ٸһܵ״̬ˡ
ӽγǵڣ϶صһˣûˡ
̲סʵ㵽׿˶
ǳμ浽ڣһչ¶Ҳ̫ˡ
Щ֮ƺϵȥֱʲôʲôС
û̻ش
诶ʱˣ㲻ҲܸưɣҲͦԺҲһ
ڷ꿴һۣط⡣
ˡ

Щ˵䡣
˵ǰһ䣬ҲǸ
ƺıֵˣں桪úǿ
ģ
请ǳȵؿı׼˵֡ǿ𣿡
ڷ΢΢ǣҵı׼
˵˻ˣ
Խеš
ȻҲҿ϶ܳΪ֣û뵽˵ֻһΪң˵ë֮ġ
ȷʵв
̱ܿ˵
ðɡ
ٵ
֪һĿܴ϶Ҳ֪Ǹҡ
ήҵؿҪǣΪֻһˣ˭뵽ĸڡ
Ǵò
ڷƽ˵
һ£漴۾
Ȼֱˣ
Ҫ϶ϧԷȴûˡ
Ҳû˵ղǳս
ûЩ˭Ҳû֮ʲôìܡ
Щº񶼲Ҫ
ǲžĵ½
·߻ƵĵƹӰӰ´£еϨ˵ƣԵøӰˡ
ֻйӶЭſȻƵ֣˽
ȻȲϰɽ˺ԶԶҲ
ֿϤˡ
ԥվſڣں͸᳤˹̸ƺ׼ˡ
վʮ׿⣬һ۾ϳ
߸йȻ˲٣ԥںЭḱ᳤˵·˶ῴۡ
˼ʹ诶࿴˼ӣҲδ쳣
١
תԱߵˣʶӶЭĸ᳤ɣվſ̨Ǹˡ
΢΢ͷ
诣᳤ԱǸɫͷˡʶ𣿡
ʲô
Ȥȱȱؿһۡ
ǿǲʶˡ
ԥһ£ǿ𣿡

ǿ˽̯ϵİײ˵䡣

诶ˡ
Լ˵ԥǸ֣Ȼĸ˵žǽֱ߰ײˡ
ϾڻǸˣδԪ˧汾
ҼʹǶ󣬺ԥΪ۹Ԫ˧ʵɷء
ôţȻǸһǳȤ
ϡǵлиڣǺԥһ飬˾Դ𣬱ҪŮѪơ
Ҳ᾿˲ʧЧ诿Կ϶ԼԲ¡
ԣ»ᷢĻรɡ
߿Ů便жϲ
说ڣٴοߵˣԷɡ
Ȼ֮ǰոմӷ
Ȼմһܣľ޴ȷʵֶˡ
û˵Ļظһ䣬ٴοһϤˡ
ԥ
ӦͷһòŮһµȹװһڱڵĴӵ£Զ
ԥһ£𣿡
Ȼʶġ
诿һ̣Ҫ಻סеɱ⡣
ݼõͺʳȻץסǣǾ̫ˡ
ǱߵĶԻڼ
΢Ц߽û뵽Ҳ233ǡ
ţЩ¡
ԥ˵ͷ̬㲻磬һ䵭ҲҪȥЭæɡ

æ˵ҿһΧĹӶǣס
֮ǰҺҸյɴ׹ǰźţ̸ȥǸǣߣֻ˼춼ûҵ㡣
ܳϿҵ˵Ȼ¶Уڣû£Ҳͷˡ
𣿡
ԥƺЩ⣬ȥң鷳ˡ
ƺ룬ȴ⣬ǰһҿķɴ׹ʮ
򿪹ԣͶӰƬķɴкٵڲҡ
ģǵҲ֤Ѱˡ
ԥƺЩݣ֪˻װģлл
΢΢һЦôҸͬѧҵѧ
ԥûЩףֻ״ѯʵʲôʱȥĻǣ
Цݽһ¡
ʵյźš
ȻԼ֪ԥڱ˭׷ɱǾǲҲԸǵ
յźźǲûеһʱϵΪЩ׷ɱߡ
Ǹȷԥ
һԥѾˣȥ˼̲ôֿ鷳ˣ
ڼٹȴţڰ鿴ȷЩûм׷ɱ١
ô졣
š
źԥ飬ֶԷƺҲֻһʣûô𰸡
ԷɣͬʱЩΪζԼҲûô⡣
𣺡յϢ̾ȥˣЩԶҵִʱ򣬻ǵʱѾȥˡ
ԥ˵ͷûϸ𣿡
ҡͷҸ绹ûҲΪ
øҡ
ԥ˵ݼҵ¡
Ҳû˵ϾǼ£Է˵Ļˡ
û¶˿ãЦӯӯѯʵѯ˻ϵľ񣬻˻չ˾ˣŵ֪㱻˾ˡ
ԥÿɷؿ
˫ɫ۾ЦʱԵ顣
һͻ
ԥȴƺ뵽ʲô£ܿ飬Σա
΢΢һ㶣ʲô
ȥķϣԥ˵ܿͻˣòҪһֱ
ЦЦ֪Ҳ˵233Ƿ˰
ꡣ
ԥ΢΢ҡͷ˵Щ
ԶЭſڡ
ѾʶƺΪԼǰǾ˶ԼЩøУɴͼⲻš
𣺡һûȥǣҲ֪Ǿôѡ
һ˵һȥӶ¶һ˵ı飬СӶԲůСС;ҪȥΣյķش
ԥҲü
ʶ뵽Լľˡ
Ҳ״Ʋʵ˵ˣҲǵ˰ɣ
š
ԥûж룬䲻󣬿ʮӡ
ʶԱǼա

ȵʵҲֻѧͰǸôˣҲ϶ӻǴ˰ɡ
ԥҡҡͷˡ
˿ô᣿𣿡
Ҳ֪ҼȬʱ뿪ˣʵϣܿ򡣡
ȷʵ
Ц
ͷһֱûбߣмϵǣ˵Ŀ䣬ҪҪ
ȻЩ˸鱨ͬ˵ĿǸߣ˵׵ǶòȫƬ
Ǹǵļ񲻹Ǹͨˣ
ˣ֮⣬Ҳڼߺ֮ͨ
һ˵ߣʱ䣬ѵܿʲôܣ
ǿЦ
ЩɱֻӶƷԱӣŪƭǮˣ
Ǹûнչ
ãǸγǽֵϺʬˡ
ֵط˲¹ͷһǳֻˣƾʲôܻȥ
Ϊʲô
ЩɻʣΪʲôҪǣȥ˱ĵطأ
ԥû˵
ڻǵĿո۲ҹ¼֪˰˳˰ǡ
ȻҲǴתȥˡ
˵ûǮˣڰǹƱǷǳģԼǹ·ѣҲһ
˵ĴƱȻҲУֻҪôȥİǣҪôȥǲë֮أҲûʲô塣
֡
˼
ԥʲô
һС㣬뿪˻ǣ
һת
Ҿãȥ϶Ҫ£ҲڰһԱڼ
֪ûеָζԥδӻ
ңȻ㣬ӦüķɴɣܿķɴǱٵ𣿡
ԥ΢΢ͷ
𣺡ԡ˵㣬Ϊȥ׷ɱˣ鷳͸Ͻ뿪ˣ
˼ȥǺԥߵģֻôһֿˡ
һϼļӦϺԥˡ
ʱ۱ΰţǷɻڴҲùֵˡ
ԥһ٣ƺҲ뵽ֿܣӹЩӵ
ǣº͵˵ҲܹϾֻǸСӣеҲ
ԥһۣҲ˼ɡ
ò׼⻰ʲô˼ҿǳأҲֻСꡣ
ԥûٽ磬ǾңΣ
̾˿ұǰµˣϣڻðɡ
ߣڸеһûµġ
ǽʼ̸һЩ⡣
ȻѧУ¡
ͷ֣ʵǴѧͬһѧУͬרҵͬ꼶
ھƶߵԺУǿʽѧƣѧǿѡԶڿΣȥμӿԾˡ
˶
ǵѧУ´ѧܹʮУЩѧУϽĸҲȻķ١
˵˵ƺԽͶϧҪӶЭ£뺫ԥԷ
ԥܾˣʾԼ⼸춼Ҫæ
ЩϧҲֻԼת׼ӶЭᡣ

Ȼײһ¡
˼Ҵҵ߹ȥմѪոմ׳һ
ЩĹӶ
һ䣬Ŭѹеŭ⡣
ǳƲǣҲòϣЩӶǶٶеʵ
ոǸѪۣжȴ˿ƣѪҲǱ˵ġ
˲׸Ҳѱһ˲ɱҪöԷۣȻһս
ʱ˵֡
ԼҪЭĸ̸߲ſ¡
Ÿʲô
һҧȥң
Ǽһˣ

ԶӶЭ֮ͣվ·߳˼
оԼȷʵǵõõ
ĵĻжϳһܹԶ׷Ŀܡ
Ǵĳ˺һʱȷԷλá
ȻҲƣ˫ͬһ
诶ȫȷԼܲʹȻằȥײ
ȻҲȥӶЭ£һʱڶͣ棬ԼҸĵطȥо
ԥǵĶԻƺҪʲô¡
һ㣬诵ǲ̫ȡ
ûδĵ۹߼ʵ۱ˣ233Ƿҵġ
ԭʱ䶼۽ŮαŰ˷䵽Ʒûݡ
Ȼ߼˵ʵ۵ϼҲӦǸ֮ء
ô
ߵߣؿڵ㻹˭˵𣿡
Ǹ
еΣҺǸˣ˵ˣеìܣһѾ
ڷɨһۣǾͳ˵
诣
Ȼ
Ϊںء
ǸŮġ
룬ӦþǹҰ͵ˣҪôҪôļˣԭкüֿԡ
Ҫɱ
ĵʵ
ҵ롣
ʼ磬ߣټȺڣҾҴ򲻹
ʵڼǲʲôǿ϶ǸߣΪԭ滹ŮͶŮŵĳ
Ů䱻Ͷ·̬̣ЩɱŮ
ֻʱϵŮˡ
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˵˵źȻͣˡ
ڣԼľܿ϶һ㡣
ĿҲֻԣӰĿ˼άԶԶﲻĿʵΪ
诣ҿԸһ
Ϊľĺܴڵʣʹʹ
˵Ҳȫʢ״̬һΣͻһڵϡ
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Է˵Ļȷʵǳ鷳
ΪȽӽ
̰ŵԷıڣԼöԷʧȥս
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ȻҪɱˣҲᷴԣΪں
Ǿˡ
ԱߵЩĮ˵ʱ㲻ȥ
Ҳǡ
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Ҳȥ
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诲˼صͷȻ
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գգ۾˵öԣֻǾãЩĸʵǿʹɱҲѣǾͲҪġ
ԼȻ˯˯ãһ紵ݶͻᾪѣ´̨һɱ֡
ֻͣʮΪʲôɱ㣿
Щˢ񣬲ҾʮһʴǮˡ
϶ʲôǿߡ
仰˵ΪˣɱҲܲˡ
ЩǼĴУҲҪԸǿɱ֡
ʵ˶٣
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诺Ȼʶһ⣬ղ㲻Ҫҽɣȥɱˣ
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Ϊʲôܲȷǹ͵ˣ
ʡ
诣
²аԡ
Щɵؿ
ڷɨһۣ㻹û˵ꡣ
ðɡ
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ζؿһۣڣո˵Ļ𣿡
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ͷðʺţ㲻û𣡡
ûȥ
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аɡ
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ΪǸҡ
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˺Ļ
Ҿϧ֮Һ˵˼䣬ϲ͡
̾˿ȻտأԸǺϲҲΪǵ鷳ˡ

ԱߵƺһֱţҲûϲʲôͣ˵ԥʲôϡ
Ҳԡ
Ҫǲס
诰ȰȰȵ²ϣ˵Ȼɺܶࡣ
ʵԼλʱϻ˲˽⣬˵
ȻûĻԼʻ
˵ЩǱţԼҲоҸʵкһ
֮Ҳ֪˭Ҫ٣뿪֮ġ
˵
԰ɣ
ɻ˵ΪʲôΪԼ£
㿴
һ֣Ҳôã֮ǰͰڳһ֮û⣬ܽܣҾǲϲ
Щϧظ̾ϧ

ƺԴ˷κ
һһ߳˵½֣读ǵԼոҪûõظһ顣
ȻöԷ϶ܾ
ԡ
ν˵Ȼһַ
Ҳһҹ͹ݣλ߲͡
ǾȣȻ˿ǲʲôر𰺹ĵطԼ
߰ɣ
ǼҲ͹гĳ̳ڲ
ҹʱ֣̳Ȼƻֻͨǿϡ١
ż˶ͶԾ㤵Ŀ⡣
诣
ˣɲǹӶЭᣬҲǵ½֡
һ·ѪȷʵһЩעӡ
˿̳ǵָʾƣ¥ϴԡģȥϴ裬ȥ԰ɣҸˡ
ȻԱߵ˼·ͳݡ
ʮӺ
读ص˲͹ſڡ
˿ǽĻĵӰ
Ůƴײɫĸë£ɫĺڶȹ͹ĳͲѥȥഺ
ͷԺһɾ̵ĶβԽĵСɾ¡
ת߽͹ݵĴš
мˣһȦûϤӰ

һתȻֱ۾
ˮϵĳԱߣվһò쳣Ӣĺڷˡ
ִӱһƿƣ첻̬˵
ûףֻмڳ£ڸǲסȳܡļȺ
ȻҪǣ޿ޡ
Ǹ˵ͷƺ˼ʲô飬羫ϸ񣬱ͦıĴ꣬ߣû˿覴á

课ãԼһƬͼ̵־档
٣ʶһ¡
Ǹ˻عͷ
һ˫۾
ҫ۵ĵƹĤɫǶѩںĳɭ֡


14 
˫۾ע, һ˲Ļ̻
Ȼ;ˡ
ôԼľ𣿣
ȻΪԷ·ԣصժ, һʱûϳ
ˡ
ҪʽԥҲ˧ˣ
Ȼ⻰ʱ˵뻹Ҫ䳰
صؿ˼ҵ˼ǡ
ţ
ڷ۵žƿ, ؿ, ǵȴĽ͡
з·Щ΢Ц, ҲǵƹĴü۷ƺˡ
, ʶ;, ԷֻڵԼ, Ȼһˡ
ǿɲԸ
̯֣ʵʶԷ㿴, ֪ʲô
ͼװԼûϴ˰ɡ
Ҳ֪֡
ڷһְأһֽƿݹȥñӡ
Ҳûʹ
ûؽӹ, ûֲķˣ
ô˵, , ˳һϴøɸɾĸ߽ű
ģ
ȻҪΪ, ľˡ
Ρ
Լȫæøƿ߱ӡ
˵
ҹʱֵ˲, ˴˼䶼˼λ
ǵλڲ䣬Ա߾һȾĲĻ, ޺貵ĳнֵ
ڵƹ, ͸ĽɫҺк, ŵĹ㡣
ײݶ졣
ԣһʲô
ڴ˵Ѿõˡ
ֶܱ೤ʱ䣿
һھƣ޳ָſտյľƱ
诣Ҫұֶ೤ʱ䣿
ܾһ١
ԼԤһ£ûսǰ£ֱʹӦάּӣӣ
ٳһЩžͻѸٸеƣˡ
ʮӡ
ڷ국˵
ͷߣ˼Ҫұһˣĳطĳ£ȻάǸӣ뿪Ǹط
ʮǰʱġ
²ԼҪĳֻڲԱʸĵط
ͽҪôһ·ҪôֱӺų
诣˵١
˲ֿԡ
诣˵Ƚ˳ɡ
Ͷһͬ񣬻û诸˼ӣֿʼһµĳ
̫Զˡ
ն˵״̬ȫﲻҪ󡣡
죬ҡ
Һٺ˺
Ҳйϻˣһ
ޱؿ
㡪
һܻĽֱԤϡ
̾˿ָԷƣ㲻˵һһжҰɣ
෴
˻ξƱҵһμ㣬ڹ㳡ϣΪ
ĬĬ죬˵һ㣬
Բ
˵㱻ͣٵȡм̵
ĻȻֹ
棬Ů˫רעؿ
˫۾ֺ½ë΢΢ҳù֣ĵĪЩ顣
ʱǶ˵ѻڴЦ⡣
ѽ
ô˵

ͣסˣȻŮһֺ˵ı鿴
ķӦһģһ
ͬʱͷʺŵؿŶ˿ʼȾƣƺЦ
诣
ǶҪ
ڷƣ˳ֽյľƱϣûϷɣ
诣
Ƕƿˡ
诣ʮˣлл
ȻǴԽǰ䡣
䣬ǰյļûĻӦʮꡣ
˵Ҳܿˡ
Ȼڰûɣ̵ƵʱҲӲҪʾ֤ϾЩ֤ϵ䶼δġ
诣ΪʲôѸղŵĻ˵ꣿ
ڷ꿴һۣ𣿡
ϻ
˭Ըֵıﰡ
诰һۣˣûоˡ
ԳĬ
˰ӣ课ջظղŵĻҴˣһʲôʱ򶼲
΢΢üƺ̹ȡˣѯƵؿ佱һ䡣
ôĲ
Ү
ŮʱЦտлллл
ֺ˼ſʼ۽ļƻ
Ҫˡ
˵ԣϷɭء¡ؿƼļר֮һǰ뿪򣬵һڻ᷵
ʶϺܶ죬һʱ벻Ե˵ͷ
诣֮Ҫ취һΣƤӴ
ϣ˲ǳ񱣬ߵκεطΧס
ڷ΢΢ףҪƵ
һ£Ϊ˸õαװ𣿡
Ϊͨʵҵ˫֤֤ʱʹ
ЩԻشϡ
ۣ
读Ȼ򣬡ֻֻܱ֡֡ҵ죬ҪͬʱͨĸĴָָ֤
ȷʵҪƵ
ȥĴָ
и⡣
ˣҲ̯ˣҲһܸƵ
ԼƵĹ˵˳
诣ÿγɹƵǱ˶ʹùģƩ磬Ʃ羫ܣƩ
ܶ೤ֱ۵ϿӰˡ
诣Ҳ೤ֱۣҿûơ
ϴξ˵Щ⡣
һЧĹ򣬿ܲȫ
ף
е㾪ȣе㾪ϲϾζƵΧ
诣˼ǣҲԷӰ죬ҲܸƵ
ͬӰܸƣԡӰ졯Ķ岻ȫȷ
Ӧʲô
¶Ըɫ
ɭء¡
룬Ϊ㱻ֱһȭܵõˡ
诣
诣뿴Ұֱ˵ɡ
ġ
ڷ국ؿһۣ뿴㰤һֱ㡣
诣
Ƿǳء
峿ʱ֣γŲ
һ˷֯ڿո۱
ǵ䴬﷢ʮˣȫעҩڻ״̬
ǾץǣȻ˭֪ǵľȥ£ͨǶ˭ġ
ЩǱ͵ҽԺоλѣǵĳһҴƻᡪʯ¡
ʼֹ֡
üһ˹ֶͨ쵽ˣƺܿҪĴ˰ɡ
˼»УЩ˶ȥXūǰɣ
ɴԴ۸ѵ̧ģҪǸ¢ϣμȼͶ𣿡
ңֲ࣬Ϊֻںͬ˵νҾǿЩ˹ͨɣ϶ҪŪ˾֪
üһΪ˷ֻˣ
Ҷ˹ͨûʲôøУ˾֪˷Ӷȥ⣿
ʲôҲ俴ߣ˭أ𡪡զΣ˼ҾǮƣȨ͸ۺ쵽Ѫ£Ц
мҾٱˣǿͬԼͼˣЩܲʱ򹷵ͦЦġ
ҶԹʯҲûøУԪؿ;󶼱ǿˣС۸׵ңȻ˹ͨƯҿһһ
ԽԽҡ
诣˿ֻ.jpg
ĬĬصš
˷֯ķɴסЩδġֱ̫бץ
м̹ϢЩɴĺߺ̱Ԥ
课ǱˣҲͲٹע
ڶʱڣɭز᷵򣬵òг̣ļƻ޷ƶ
;ʱֿ
诳ʹõ
ڵʱСУǸϴˣƺΨߡ
ĺһŮˣûֳ
սչֳģҲЩĻ
ǸϴûʹҲûܸƵ
֮ڴõǸرȤܡ
ҪٵĶ൱һǡ
ֻҪͼ׷ٶԷͻһɫӡǣž뽥ӽӡǻԽԽ
͸Ч
Ҳ˵ʹ׷ĿڽڲԼڽֵϣҲؿԷλá
ĳ̶ֳ˵׷Ķˡ
ȻҲкܶ⡣
ֻҪͿʼѸģÿһǿʮף߲һȥѾ
诸ı˼ƻֻһۺķλ͹صȻ󿪳һ·ٿ
ʹˣľȻҲ١
˰ʱ䣬ͣͣѳȼͶĹˣȷλá
𲢲סУǲμĳᡣ
ȥ־ԼòҪд
գµıǾʧˣʹҲٿɫӡǽ׷١
ܹܱҡ
诿ʼþ˵е
Լ̫ˡ
⵼޷˳С
诸ı˼ƻؽӴһЩˣȻǵӣҡڵס־Ƶꡣ
˯ʵˡ
ȻƵʣֻ֤άԼĻʱȫͶ뵽ȥˡ
ͬʱҲռҵš
ϾĸϢ֪ǼڲʲôӰ졣


һΪܶĴϣֵҹһɷ
ڳлƽضΣһƬ쳣ݻĺլȺ䡣
һͣĳլǰԺյϡ
ˡ
װŮ³
磡
һŮؿڵĺµоƬƻˡ
Ҳǣһֱϵϡ
һЩţҸոѯǵ˾ȥһֻȥ˳ûϳ˾Ҳ֪ȥ
ʲô
լĴſվһԷ򸾣ռҼճӡ
Ƕʢװ磬ƺǸոմġ
˻һۣɫ̫ÿ
оƬעڵģѰƤ˸޷
оƬ٣˵ҲǷһֻ֡
ϵϣûô򵥡
ȥѰҴŮ
ճڡ
Χܿ찲Ҷ
Ͼǰǣʲô鷳
ռҼ룬һǴϢ˵Ůܱܿǵ°ȥ˰ǣΪ׷£ʲôˡ
ռ˶ʱɫ졣
ǰμŮǶ꣬Ѿ˾֪Ҳò㡣
Ͼ˭֪ѧУûУ󲿷˶Ǽġ
˵񻹱ǣ˼˵
֮ʧٵļˡ

ǡ
γǡ
ַƽ˾ضȹ˰£ڼ䲢ûκɱ֡
ǰһĹӶǣһϵ
ǽ˸񣬲֪ûȤ
ﴫݵ
СᷭٷǳɱöǮ
Ǻ˸ɼܡ𲽡
ƺԱߵ˵˾ʲôȻ˸ַڳԷɡ
һҸߵƵյ¶ȿúܸߣĴ
Ӷڽλá
ԶԶ֡
˹ȥ⼸˶ڿǽϴĻ
˽͸߼˹ԣڼͥɴ칫ҡƿ࣬
ɳؿƼ°˾ά˶ࡤ¡Ŷз
һ˹Եĳ档
诸ȥõϣȻǸϣȵȣ¡
ǰ
һһȺ
ע⵽ӶǸ鲻ѣƺϷǳ
ǸᵽĳؿƼЩӡ
ؿƼǷ˺ƷͷҵҲĹĿа֮һзֲ
读ǵãԼڰǵ½Ŀոۣ˻ͻˣ϶ŰɫձꡪǾǳؿƼ̱ꡣ
Ѳߵ˻ϣҲƵͼ
诣ǺᳬؿƼ𣿡
ϸ˵ǳؿƼ
ָĿ¡š˵¡塣
诣Ϊʲô
¡ƿһЩͨ˷ŴЩǷ¾޶ծΪ˲ˣΪʵԸߡ
诣ϣ
ںܶطҰְ־ˣҲûȻҲԼ⣬˵Ʒ
ʼ磬ڰǣ¸࣬Ͼû˼ܡ
ֱӰץȥʵϡ
Ͼγǣÿ춼ʧٻĪʧ̫ˡ
¡嶼һȺ˵ʵЩƷһ·ɫ˹ͨ廹һ㣬Ҳòȥ
ֵ˼ƿ߶Ⱦƣһȡ
读ǵһغǺȾƷʲôҪԼԲٺȳɵӡ

Ȼ̫úˡ
˿ۣÿƿλϣòֲ졣
ͨûô׺Ȼֲĳɷָ״̼Է򣬱ǧĸ֣Ҳײʡ¡
ңǸԼǮһôľơ
Ҫȼ
ֺȵκûϴô֣Ҳͷǣһʹʱҡ
ţ
ˡ
Աߵֿʼ
诿һۣʾǡ
Ժؽͨˣʲô
ͣһ£ֺȸˣ
ûС
诼ط񶨵˳Աߵľƿ˿ݡ
˵ʺš


Ȥȱȱ˵Ȼôƺ㡣

˳Ĭ˼ӣɡҵ֡
诰Ѿ絽ǽϡ


15 
诵ĵһӦ, ˾Ȼͻʵ
Ժ˳Ҫ
Ȼ룬ֻǷƣ
˼нɢȥԽԽ, һ¸ʼе㤡
æУֱӹҶ
ԡ
ſץͷͼЩͷԽ˼
ɡ
δĵ۹, ľŴ֮, ҲպԥĶͷ˾, ֡
ԭǸɫ, ܹǧֵ֡
ҪĽǶ, 课, ʵɫĴ壬ҪΪ˸ѹ
ĵ۹سԱһҪ˾ʹ, Ҷ˾η塣
⵼ºԥҪһԼദʱ쳾ˡ
ƷĥꡢҲȻŮеɫ
ϾŮæŽʣæųϯ, ûʱҲûȤЩ
ԥƺҲҪǰάֵ۹Ԫ˧ļӡ
ʵ²һʲС
Ȼǵĵ۹سҲ⸱, ǻʵ۵⡣
Ͼ, ˾ǿͷܴݻļ, Ĺѹȷʵܴ
֮ܶ
ԭڻʵ۵ĸϢ̫١
֡233ŰǷҡӦǸࡪҲ, ȥȽࡢǿԼƢû챻ñ̬
ϾЩ
òûд
Ͼԭ󲿷ڶŮദʣµҲ౻ֶǳаˡ
ıɫ, ҲֻΪƽһڡ
Ȼ, ϸ, 课Լĺϻ˼ˣпܾǺԥδĶͷ˾
诣
ȻҲм
ϾԸе⣬Ƣ㲻ñꣿ
ԼκǺҲûԼ
ûҪȥ¡
ȻֻζŲɱˡ
ͷʹ˼ţϾҸոչһ
ȵȡ
֣ͬͬͬԱͬʵǿ
оһ˵ĿԸ

һӶȵöᣬûʲôӰ˵ΪƵԱҲԸչ˴һš
ңӳ˽Ȼѣǰûһƣֻ˸ֻڵʳϡ
лпһ۵⣬ͷҲ̧ʵôˣ
ڿŶԷֱһȦƿװĲλƵâ̵Ĩ裬ɫĽǡ

̧ͷֻǺȻ뵽һ£ˡ
ǵöԷļߣʱڹӶЭƺ˶Ϊɵ
诣ļ߿ʲôģ
ÿ˲һ
лһ鵰⣬ֿʼһ飬ֻܸԼģ֪ġ
ԼľҪһԹĶѨȫޣڼ䲻Яκߵߡ
ʶļҲͬС죬󲿷Ǻָ޸ɼܣЩȥҰ⣬ЩǺͱȦޣеǺս
Ϳս
ǵġ
诽ζš
á
Ǽһ϶ҪԼ
ȥ
ʾЭ᲻ʬ
Ļ˻
ֲԻѯһϸڣȷл˵ǼļߣӦöԼľˡ
诣γǾжļߣ
ٸ
ȷʵ̫ࡣ
лܣЩ˲Ըȥԣļʵ˾ԲֹЩ
诣˵ļкܶรȨΪʲôԸȥԣ
лܣЭᱳ˹ͨ壬ЭӵеĹӶϢȫ䵽
ߵĲȽϼ򵥣չʾһУʱ̣ܶй¶̫Ϣ
ļĲҪ浶ʵǹսܵ©սǱȽѵսй¶
޷սģ˵бĲԷʽֻЩӶͲˡ
ϾԼԼܽӴˣҪôսҪôսЩƣǵĿ˷ʽҲսЩϵ
诣˹ͨ˴ľںһЩ鱨𣿡
ں
лܵ˵ͷļܿͻ㡣
诣ʲôΪ˹ͨ
ǵġ
е⣬һΪǲȱˡ
һƾܣ˵ļߣߣΪļ
лӣʼЩ
诣ҲˣΪʲôܾˣ
Ҳ˴򹤣ֲȱǮ
诣
Ҳ벻ȱǮ
ԤУԼĸ¶ȥ˵Ҳյ
Ȼô
κ֪ˡ
诣ˣ֮ǰ˵Һʲô
ҪǱһҵˣҪȥ̱ȫĵĵϵͳ
Ӧ֮ǰȻ˵ϸˡ
ǵĵ̫ˣֻ˵ϣʹҲûϵûоʱص㡣
诣Ҳȷܲôֱȭͷȥǵܷ𣿡
лЩȵؿһۣ㲻֪ô
ˡ
Ǿƻûȫѡ
诸ող˼ͿˣԼô˵ˡ
ô֪ϵܵĿֶ̣ϲ鶼鲻
诣ҵȽѧ
л͵վ
۾
л뿪λתһȦ𡪡ʵϣҲûôĶȫŲ
诸Ͻ˷Ϣ
ƶû˹ġȼ˵ˡ
ƶû˹ġһ˵ĵϵôģ
˼ӣԷظ
߹硣
һ¡
ƶû˹ġģֵ磿ڼţҸѹ磿
߹ȡʡ
诣
Ұɣ
ƶû˹ġԼϵܵķʽ֮һķʽǴ磿
߹һ׶Σ׶ͷš
ϵߵĽ׼ܣڱ÷ķʽջٵԪ
ַ޴ĳҲֳճɻ𺣣жȷʵǱȽϷġ
ƶû˹ġҲᰡܶʱּ
߹ˡ
ĬĬ
лѾӻˣôģ
诹ص촰ڣ˵ұˣĪˣ𣿡

ط˵ıһ˲ãȻ
ԭҲǲܡ
Ȼ˵ֲܿȥô
诣
ȱ
лܳƷΧֱۣұȺСһΪûȫʹ
û뵽ʵǸ¡
̾˿Ҷˣһȥڴˡ
Ҳôá
лܵ˵ͷĻͲʺϲ񡣡
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ûнԼҪ׷𣬽Ϊ·;̫Զ̫òıҹ¡
ֻǱʾǳؿƼĿ¡壬ɴϿ϶ر۵Ļձꡣ
һ㶼ڳĿո۽԰ɣ
ôĿֻҪԼ취ߵĳˣ֮һֱ׷λˡ
Լļƻ˵˵
߹С
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读л㱵ԲһѺŶԹ¡
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֪ԼʵݣԿ¡Ĳַӽ˱ͨʱ뿪Ǵ粽У뿪ҲҪٸ׷ɱ
ʹٸֱ֣Լͷ
ǻ˵¡ôˣһƱҲ
ֱӸ˷˸
诣ԣΪ˱֮ҪðƸҵǰʮ
Ŷ
ﴫ˵ͳɤȥ˷ܣҪлҸ᣿
˭Ҫл㰡
诿˼ں£ҪҼʮ򣬲ɢҵĿ־壬οҵľˡ
С
诣
ɶ
Ӧôˬ죬һǱ۱ˣ
诰԰ա
ô
ֵһ䣬ڿ۵ˣ
诣û£ֻǳڱæЩǸġ
⻰һҪǮ˿˵ʼԼĺƤˡ
ɣ֪㻹ģ˵
诣¡϶кܶ֡
˹ͨȻļߣһͨǵĹӶЭᡣ
ԴƣĲƷ϶ҲԼֶָ֡
诣Ҳ֪ǿӦļ߰ɡ
Ŭ仰˵ú⡣
ûеȼûС
ɵػشûμӹԡ
诣ŶҶ϶ļʵ㲻뽫Լܱ¶ȥûμӿˡ

ƽ˵ֻǾûʸҴ֡
诣
ŵĿǡ
ĿԽԽСˡ


16 
и顣
ݵĳĬ֮, һ˵㿴Ҫô鷳¡
û˵
诣֮˵ҾҪ׷ɱ, ҪǾ͸ɴֿиͬͬʱϻ˹ϵɹ̶ô
˵ɹȻһ
֮⣬һδ˵Լ׬ǮϾ˵ڰǷҵġ
ʵʲô̶, Ȼδǿ, ҲõĴڷ
ʹǵ鷳, Ҳн
ﰲһӡ
ҲҪ̶ϻˡ
ɺܵؾܾ
شô
请˸ҿܶ¡ԺһḴƵ, Ǻ׬Ǯ
ҲȱǮ

һǿɶǮˡ
请ǳʡ
, ϸ, ǶڰǴƴĹӶ֪
Լ˰ʱѡ
һ죬Ҳŵ˵һҲȱǮ
诣°, ǳȤǳܱһˡ
ɣڳ
Ϊʲô
ĿҪˡ
ţɭء¡
ͣһ£ǻҪٹ졪
ˡ
Ȼô˵, ˵Ŀгǰˡ
Ͻ׼š
γǵĸ, ԽԽ
ƶ߰ĹԢ¥, гϾӵĳ, ͬĽееķ, ѳҲһӦȫ
г֮䣬ûرԵķֽߡ
Ȼгڳ֮, ŷǳ۵һϡ
һȦڳġϡĵɫĤ, ӵһֱ쵽ʮ׸ߵĿС
ʮԶԶ
ǿд, ܵ˻Ĺֱӹͨš
Ȼ󲿷˶ôΪûҪ
гȦʮڣ
ɨߣоƬ⡪ȷûκβ¼
ɲǼͨûڽͷܱѲ˻סļ¼
诵ȻûС
ǾڽͷܣȻԼǴܵĶ󣬶ʶּܿطΧ
뾵ˣҲ
Ŷӵ˲٣󲿷ֶҪȥڳϰģ˾ķֲ档
ȻְͨԱסڳķӣÿ춼Ҫôһ⡣
诿ڳϣŻŲĶ顣
ǰǳ˾ƵƵʱ䣬Щ˽ѡ
١
ȻͨȻ˵е磬е棬Ŀꡣ
ѾĹϡ
ؿƼٸоŶӣֱͬĿЩϢǹ״̬վϺײ鵽Щ֡
ɭȴеһԱ
Ҳ˵ӹֻܲѯ֣ǲ鲻帺ʲôĿ
⣬¡Ȩ˺ɭصĸýõĹϵ
ɭڼڲλߣҲ̫ͣʸӴһЩ
Ϊʲô᳣פǵķֲأҪ֪ɲʲôõط
诲òһЩԲ
¡Щ⹫ĿЩͻڰչ
Ʃʵ飬ǻˣ϶ԸģǩЭ顣
诣Ҫӽɭأ¡ʵŶ㲻˵͵ûʡ
˼ӡ
ɣ֪
诣ʲôв֪
ɣҲ֪췢ʲô
ĵתỵ̂ŶҪĳһ췢£
ɣһ۾Լվڽϣ
ʲô
诲ײǰĳ˵Լ
˲ʮֵĹѪ顣
ɣȻ𣿡
诣ţ
ҲǲУֻҪѵص㻻ɻǵƷӡ
诣ԣʧȥһμ䣬ţǲ˶ϴˣ
ɣҿӸϴˡ
诣
ŶԣǺԥľ籾
诣Ϳ¡ʲôϵ
뵽ֿԣֻǲ֪һ֡
ɣԱǳؿƼܲ¥һɷ档
诣ȵȣܲؿƼܲǾͲ򣿡
תһ룬ؿƼƸҵܲˣ϶űİɣ
±ѹȥҲܲ鵽һЩ˿
С
ɵ˵Ŷλ߷ŻϮݶ
˳˲#ؿƼܲϮ#ȹؼ֣մߣЩ¥⵽ƻҲǷֲ
诣ȵȣһǲףʲô۷Լվڽϡ
֮ǰ㻹ǵʲô
ͷˮʣ㱾һ򣬽ȻڳؿƼܲԱߣ
Ǻˣ
ɣǾҼǵõһ¡

诲㽫קǡ㡪ʲôǵõĵһ£
˼Ӧǹڸĸͥ߹¶Ժ֮İɣ
Ȼ˼ǵõһ£ȻԼվڽϣԱǳؿƼ¥ķ棿

诣Ҫô˵ĻûпܣЩ¥Ūģ
ɣ
תһ룬诺Ȼˣԣαװɿ¡ˣȻҪԼ𣿡
㾹Ȼ¸ң
诣˵֪췢ʲôҲֻдӿ¡ڲˣӦصļ¼
ˡ
ģ¸ҵķϣһܵذ㣡
诼ֱежˡ
ɣ㲻ڻ֮𣿡
诣
жʧˡ
诣ʱţվڽϵʱ򣬼ꣿ߿ȥꣿܲǸӤ׶ɣҲ״̬٣
ࡣ
诣һ¸ֿԣȻӦñС꣬ҿС˵ࡣ
ʱ䶼˷ûõϡ
˵ô
诣Ϊңţ⼸²ŷԼߣǰҸ֪
Ǳ߳Ĭ˼ӡ
ɣϴθĸˣѪԵϵ
˵ռĸˣҹԼܾˣȫɱˡ
Ӧһ
ôƵģҴؼ壬˵ˡ
ûж¶ȣȻ֪ߡ
诣
Ҳ֪֪Լߡ
ԭûʯܽͨ˱ߡ
ԭһЩĸһߣӾͱȻҲǡ
ɣ㸸ĸ߻ṩߣһߡ
诣ѾǣӦǰɣ
ǰռҼԼѪԵϵĸף϶ߡ
ɣߣôᵽʮŷ֣
诣
֪ԼĬֻӭһ̵ĳֿ
诣ΪҵȽȶû֡
һոḻȻҲˡ
ЩСˣٶȿһЩûжԱȵǰ£Ҳ̫÷֡
һʱû˵
诣ˣҲᳰҵġ
ɣûôҺæ㲻ֵ˷ôʱ䡣
诣
Ͳ˵ղǾ仰
诣ҲֵѾ˵˺ܶûӪķϻˣԸԸ˷ʱ䣬Լ
Ǳ߳׳Ĭˡ
ȻֱͨӹҶϡ
ڳЦ
ܿ죬ǰĳֶˡ
ʻ㣬һϵڳ
ƺȻһ¡
ֽǶ˿ǣѪȺϢƺҲʧˣҲ洦ɼĴܸɾ
˻ͷҲ˼
̳ƺ˵ڳҪؽ𡪡λϵĳ̶ȡ
ȻΪʲôˡ
诿ųʻֵ޼̻Լͨո۵ָ·ơ
ڳֵΪĳҲһЩǰո۵һ·ϣҲûôӵ¡
ԽǿոۣΧĸʽؾҲԽԽࡣ
ո޽üΪɣʮƯĺվ¥Ĳ໥ӣǽĻ⡣
ںվ¥ڲɨػ˲֪ƣæµţĴɾһȾ
վǰǡ
ۼӶˡ
Щֱϣۿɼǹ֧ҩС
说źĿ϶ñȺУ˿ۡ
˰˵ȻʶΧܱ鲼ߡ
ߵĻǿһ
ǰնߵĿ˱׼Щ˵ǿʲôزأ
ڼŴӹĴţͬʱֱ߳С»ว
š
Ա·˶˵ˡ
Ȼ˵ܿշţܾҪΪʱ߶ˡ
ΪһûĲ˼Ȼûȥʲô硣
ⲻӰסһ㣬Ȼʱʱ̷̿ߵˡ
ȡ
һȻѸٷ˸ϢʾԼˣҲ˵
ﰲ˼ӡ
Ȼش˵ͳ̧֡
诣
ʶˡ
ֵ̧˲䣬ڴԱ߾˹
Ȼ˸ա
𾪵ؿһۡ
诣
С͵
ָӿֳ˸ĵ⡣
˵͵һȾܡ
诣
ΧͶߣܿɢȥ
ʲô
ЩˬΪС͵̫ܵˣȻҲǸߣգۼʹӴȥˡ
׷϶׷ϡ
ӵȺ߳ȥڼ仹ײһ¡
˱֣һ룬ƺȻ򡪡ոռӲĴУԱǸ
໰Щɵؿһۡ
诣
߰㡣
ʵһҪոۣȻƶ˼ƻȥִһ¡
ϾոջĳԿһ
Ȼֱײһ¡
үǲǡ
Щðˡ
Ȼһ̧ͷϤĸߴӰվǰ
ڷŰֻ棬ֻ¶˫Ͱظͦı
һְ˹ѹŵֱۣмƻ𣿡
诵꣡
û˵
ɿ֡
Ҳ֪
ȻУղǿǸҪ͵Ҷ𡪡
Ų
Լ˵Ҫûƻҵġ
诣
ֻƾĽŲԼиС͵ڿ

ʧ˼ӣŻش˶ԷĻУҺ˵Ҿһǳϸġ
ץļֱӽ˳ȥ
诣
ײǽϡ
ޱȡ
ΪԷͻأĶʹѵΪ
ˤһ£ȴоۣײжص׻ˡ
ĪطǽվȣȻŲ졣
·
˴˵ţһѽƿ
һתתһƴ˵ָ֣⻮ں׵ļ϶ԷƤ
װŭӣң
վżװīˣŮȥǱڡ
ǻһװˡ
һͷɫ۾ɫɫ԰ףòЩƣǺܾûúϢӡ
ɭء¡
ϵ
ﻹһƽ壬ͶӰһΪӵģ͡
ڷ˶ݰϵģͣĿͷβûŲԱߵ־ƺδӰ쵽
Ǹڿȥ̫ˣƺһѵ
ȻֱˣҲ£͸æ˹ȥ
ԭվ˼ӡ
գգ۾г˺ɫӡǡ
ӡڱڵϣѾʮԶĴڴ
֮ڣܶλڵλá
ڳʱͣһطǲȷɭصסˡ
ȻҲųɭֱȥ˹ĵط
Ҳûƾм̵۶Է취ȥ
á
ʱرϲļƻ
𡣡
ɸովԶ˿ֻһʱڽǣŽ˶˳ȥ
ƽ˵Ϊûƻ
诣ҾǵǸоˣӦƶƻĶѣҵǰɼƻ
ɿһۣ㲻ҵĶѣֻʱϵ
ĬĬ졣
߹ոĲţͣһҾݻķɴ
ڳո۲ûл˽˻˾Ĵ
ͬһȺ£ݣͷŻƽˮĻռǵܣɫͿҫԶԶȥɴչֳ
ۼؿ˿¡ķɴ
Ϳཻͷһ״ˮɳؿƼձʽ
յַɴ棬ʱҲʶٴ
һȻǴ󽢡
˾̫XII
ЩԵĿҴ׼ҲҪԪɡ
ȥֱԼһӶ׬֡
͡
ɵ˵ɱһҲһͽ𡣡
诣Ҫõ͵ĳ𣬾Ͳⷢˡ
͵Ǽǰʵġ
˵ͬǼͽ֣ܶ¶һΧ
Ʃͬͣ˿ֻмǧԪʮԪԼ
УʮҲˣûͻֵġ
ϵһͣͨǼʮԪܵģͲձİ򼶱
ǻǧͣԴƣǾˡ
ӰͨƺǮòֵǮˣϾּ̫ˡ
ϵǣʮڰڵļҲҳ͡
ҪճҲϤֲࡣ
ˡ
̧ͷ㻹ǲǵãӶЭſڵˣһҾȹһɱңҰͣǼǣ
Ϊѵ룬ȥѾɾˡ
βŵóۡ
ǺͶǡ
Լ򣬺ԥǣǶǡ
ʶԼͺԥݵĽ֡
ʵܳΪսΪԥûˣֻǲִټ˹һʹɱֵĻ
Լδлһȭ
ңʱػֻ˺ԥˡ
̶ȵĹһξͻĵ
еʵж𣿡
С
ɺԥصͷʱǰɡ
请ǳο
Ͼӿʼܵڣ˼µʱ䡣
𣿡
ߵȼܹ弶͵ǼʮȻ߲һһӦ
ͨˡ
һܵˡ
ֻ΢ǿҲһǡ
ͨʵˡ
ǵܺսأǵֵԸͨˡ
԰ȫȡսġ
ĳЩһߣٶȵһ̶ȣŷḻս飬ܾǶ͡
ĳЩߣֻ΢ǿͨˣûйԣ޷սҲֻһ͡
㸴Ƶ׵Ƕʵˡ
ɵ˵ܣܶʹû߿˺ߵʽ
ǿ¾͵ļˡ
Ȼͷ
ӿĪڴ˷ܸС
诿ſոЩʮڰڵķɴ뵽Լ֪δЩֽˡ
ûһ¡
读عͷһ첻ɹӶˣҪȥʲô
ɣ
ҵ˼ǡ
뵱ĶѣţôƺҪԶ㣬ֻһʱ֮ڰˣ첻뵱Ӷ
һʱȥʵˡ
诣ǾͲ
ʢǿֱһΪħ˵֣ĺƽٴݻ
׶ǡԼٵʮϤ
ͳٵڵĹ˲Ϣ
ʱգ̴棬ƿȴԽǣҲԶԶǰ
Ʒ׷׸һֱ
ңò˶೤ʱ䣬ϵ߽᳹⣬ƽľҲᱻơ
һȫսᱬҶΣյʱ٣ֱ۹һսᡣ
诲ȷһ죬Ҳȷ俪¼
ϾЩԭﶼһʴ
ȷǣɻԼܵһӵĹӶ
ԭӿʱǱںլһأձƷĥŰ
ȷʵսңȴҲ˼֤ͲʷĻᡣ
Ů˵ûʲô⣬ǿɲԼķ
һ졣
ôš
ҲӵԼķɴ۳ΣΪʷˡ
Ǹʱ򡪡
Աߵ˵
Ǹ뿪ȥ£ΪΪӡ
ɤƮƮģ̸ʲôѰ顣
Ȼ˫ʯȴǿҵĿĿܡȼյҰġ


17 
ڿո۵̸, ˾׼ֱˡ
ɱʾҪȥɡ
诣Ҫʲôһ߳ҹһߵϢ
ҲҵĿꡣ
诣ţҪȥҪ𣿡
΢΢ҡͷαװɭ, αװһˣҪͬʱʵң֤ͨ
Щ죬Ҳܱһӣ
ɵͷʱ, ĵ˵, 𣿡
诣һҪȥαװĿ, Ǹˣ
аɡ
诣ȥɻˡ
ɿ̧ͷĳһۡ
Ȼʹ׷
ȷӡǵĴ·λ, ñ, ת֮С

һֱĽŲ, Ĵ뿪ոۣŸӵ춯
ܿԼȥĸ֪, ֱʧԭء
һ룬Ѿڳһߡ
һ鲼Ÿߵ̵ĳ֣ľƵſں, ӭķǸװ
һȺĿ, ߽Ƶ, һ, ˽̻Ի͵
ڷȻŰֻ, ˫ֳڷ¿ڴ, ƫƫûע⵽
ŮŮԱ߹, žƱ˵Ц졣
һһĿϻ, ͣ
һ·ͨߵ;лӷ˱ơ
ȻΪժַŻȥˡ

䣬ɳżˣԶվżڡ
ЩڵĴ죬ӴϿ˿û
ȻǵʣԼƲ⻷̬ܵ˵ǵݡ
ߵȺԱߣ˼ɵȥ˵
ɭػ𣿡
м˵
ȥʮģҲһͷŨܵĺɫòɭЩƣͬĲ԰㣬۾ɫȴ
òϿӦҲǿ¡ˡ
źװף¿ϵббټȿƤѥԵЩײࡣ
ǵġ
иվɳ˹ش
ոյɭظµĻظܾ룬˵ҪϵĿĦǵļƻδɣǱһֱڴߴ
Ҳں
ν˵ֽƱһߡ
˿סıӣСĵطŵϡ
¡
ڷ۵Ů°ͣơ
ڣڵˣϣ
ǧȷ
˵˵Ѿȥʵˣɭظºܿͻȥ顪
Цһϵᷢô
ûȱ˻شҡҡͷӦɺϡ
֮
¿ɳϣ̯˫ۣû뵽һССİǻԺҪˡ

ô˵򶼲С
ڣ233ǣѾָˡ
Щ˿ʮڰڵľһЩ
ϾΨһƵϷĳУҲֻγǡ
Сǳǣ޺еɭԭҰϣȻϵϢضòȥ
Ŀǰ԰ټƵİǣ֮£233ƺҲֻƽƽһ
ֻǣܿҪһˡ
ھ򣬻ĹעҲΪ֮ء
ʵѾȷǰ˰ɡ
˵ԲżææɭػֱӰƷĸǸ죿
Σɭظ±ҲרŶӵͷˡ
ɭƿųؿƼķֲȻ˸ķһҪǼԱ
ߣˡ
ﲻ˵ֻһһغȾơ
񫣬ֱ˰ѾƿͿɳƿӹơ
ΧĬĬؿţƺϰΪ

һߣ׷ӡ뿪˿ոۡ
ļСʱڶһֱڱƶ
żĳطͣһʱ䣬Ȼٴ뿪
˼Ʒĥʱ䣬ŸǹееĴ۹棬һŻȯһżĿλá
ҹ֮׷ӡͣڼСʱڶûдƶ
Ȼ΢仯һλãӦҲһ䡢һ֮ڵƶˡ
صͶӰĴڣȥѰĿˡ
Ȼһ·׷ٵؿƼķֲ¥
λڳĻƽضΣԶԶֱʵĴȺ䣬ʮ͸Żӡ
ǰһƬ̲Ĺ㳡ؾͣţ½гٵ
㳡ܱһƬҵװ꾫µĵΧһȦ߶
㿴һȦƳʮͷ
·ߵЩǺͷˣȫмعܡ
ûж
ֻΪȷĿλá
׷ӡǴǽʾġ
λڰС
ųؿƼĴ¥˰ȦȫȷĿꡪĿıھ档
Bʮҵĸ߶ȡ
诹صʼ⼸
㱼ǰŲ˵⸽Ź꼰ٵ˼ȡ
˿Ʋκ٣ȻЩЧʺܸߡ
Щò⿪ţֻڲԱܽ룬ҲҪǼһÿݡ
ҹʱ֣㳡·þˣ¥ǵƻͨＸҲڰ֮
˵ؿƼԱڿӰƺҲܶࡣ
Ǹ
ͣи˼Ҵ߹ȥ
ͷŻݰ壬ûп·˲СײԱߵˣæǸ
诣û¡
ݰ壬һη뿪˹㳡
ոԷӴֱ
ֻһп޵
űԱӻ¥
õݼ⣬֣һǹ֤оƬָƺĤ沿ɨȵ
ڲȷһ֣òҪðȻȥ
˵أղǸԱȥḺ́ȻҲĵˡ
Լݽȥ¼̲⣬Ҳױߡ
˿ñ֪Լݱ
⣬һΧްȫȻ
ĽһѵӰǡ˼ҴĦ¥һԾ¶ˡ
Լ˵¥ˤˡ
ڹ㳡ΧĳϣŴ¥Աһʱ֮ڣɫӡǶûƶ
Ҳһֱάֻ̫ʱʱһۡ
ڼ䣬诰Ѹֶȱˣӷ굽ٵװ꣬Ϳӡǵλá
Ӳڶ硣
ӡ뿪˴ãгһƬԢС
ͣͣۻڸ˹ȥΧĻͷˡ
ǳؿƼ߼Աסլ¥ͨһסȻɭصıҲλǷ
ңͣ˵ǻˡ
课ͽ˸Ƶꡣ
˯Ҳ˯
֮⣬Ҫ취żײһΣ׷ӡǣٹʧˡ
ڶ磬ֶˡ
诸ǰ棬һ緹Żϰӣһͷײ˴ӹԢ¥ſڳıڡ
Ǹ
Ԣ¥ſȫ׼ϰǳ֣ڴм̯λ
ڱһ·˼׵ӡ
ڲ֪ոǸˣֻЩؿС͵֮ȻоԼûҲա
ȥ˳ؿƼá
诱Ϊһ죬죬ھֻصСԼһײһΡ
ܿ죬请Լ̫ˡ
ȥڶû뿪ؿƼĴ¥
ۼźɫӡǼʧķҪҪǿлȥһ
αװǰӦƸķÿͣ߸ɴĳԱӡ
һһȥ㳡ϣЩͷ۵棬漣ܳࡣ

诵ͷ˿ʾȻǡ
ŶǸıעˡ
ЩؽͨˣôҪæˣ
ġ
ɵʵ
诣ؿƼֲǰǸ㳡Աиͣ·һѳΣҾ͡
δ䣬ļ
͵ҫ⣬һȭ˹ȥ

ڷסȭͷ˻ĵѸֹϢʧഥ˫ּ䡣
Ǹ͵ϮˣȻӦ
˦˦ֱ֣˲ƹˣȫǼذ
㲻ը⼸¥û˻鿴ֵطļء
ν˵ţô
ȻΪԷڹԼ
϶ѯչ
诣ɭءıڣBҸոӦʮɣȻûɶ壬Ҳ֪סˡ
һЩģģļƻ̫Ρ
诣֪һԸ⸽ļҷȽϺóԡ

ɲûж˵ʲô߰ɡ
诣
ˣ
ֻ֪ɭصλþˣ
诣Ҫȥһҵ׷ӡǣʧġ
ɣû¡
ʵȻѾ֪סֱȥҲԡ
Ȼֶղҵ״̬Ҳѱ֤ȥ˾ҵ
ɣɭء¡ıٶǶߣʣ߰춼Ϣ

֮ǰڴ¥ֻһȥ˯
֮ǰڷɴʹûϢ
ˡ
ðɡ
̾˿֮ǰȥĿˣô˳𣿡
ȷһЩ¡
ɲÿɷ˵ڣɭض뿪ˡ
⵹Ǻ¡
诵ͷǺðи׼ʱ䣬㡪ҲǺܼ
ҲҲûã㻹ûɼƻĳ̶ȡ
诣ָʲô
ʵ
ɿһۣС
˵ӦǲС
ɱռ˵ӣʲô̶أ
ҡҡͷҵı׼ûϵĿйء
ܽһ诵ܣΪݶΪ࣬ͿԷ
֮⣬ĸЧҪ
һ㣬ܵĿӰ졣
ڶ㣬ﵽĿܶʵ
Ŀǰ˵ڶģֻҪĿܶҪˮƽ޷Ƴɹ
ڵܲԸɭصõȽ
һ˵һ֣ڼ诼ʱͣסˡ
Ϊ¶־ܾ񣬡㲻˲ưɣ
ɣ⣿
诣ҵĳǱߵͣ
ɣǸѰȫжҲû˻͵
⡣
һؿͣһСʱʮǮأٹӾҪʮǮˣҵȰ
ɣ
ȥԴ㳡Ȫ
Ȼûô
һȥͣ
ѸܽȥԼĳӳλŲ˳٣м⡣
˵
侲˵һۼʻȥ
˵ʲôԷı鲻ԣĬĬˡ
ɸսһִ·ס˳ץȡ
һ룬ֱӽӵ
Ȼڳϣ״һ˲ãȻ
û̥ȫƽؾߣοƵҲٽ
һֻһֻ֣˴ٽ棬˿ûҡ
ûü𾪣͸оһǿҵѣӿݵķθС
еɫģһţľ˲任һģ
ٴۣ说ӳŻ˼¡
⴫Ҳ̫ˡ
诣Ż
ؿڣҲȥһҪҸõġ
վһۿʣ븴κοռ
ۣһֱжѾһʼҪöˡ
𡣡
Ǿҿ
˵ת̨ס
һͣڣؾ߼ټ򣬸ȫǸƵĳĦ¥
ЩǲģΨһĹͬǷǳǳߣ¥ҹֳɫԶԶȥһƬ޴Ļ֮¡
¥֮о޴ĸϸƣܿЩҲָ㣬෿䡣
Ⱥǲ㻷Ƶҵ֡
ʱֵҹĴҫ貵޺磬ĴкƮɢ
˼룬诲ʶԼڵϡ
ƬͣڰУ׼ȷ˵Щ¥֮ĳһϡ
Ϊܿռһֱϣûڵһʱ䷢֣Լʵʮ¥ĸ߶ȡ
ҰԶϴϢĳƺָʾƻ۳ɵһߵĺλңԶĵʹ
诲Żл㱵طӦҺûҲг𣿡
ڳƺܼ¥߽ΪͰĸߵԢ¥
ɣûȥĵطˡ
诣
Ҳǡ
Ͼγ̫ˣԼ˼£̽ʮ֮һûС
诺Ȼ뵽һ¡
诣Ҫҵĳһ˲ƣҪ𣿡
ֱԼĸӰƷ
ѵһ¾У
ɣĳڵϣǿܻһ档
诺²ۼ䣬ջסˣӳ洢óԼ䡣
һ¥֮ݵִʮ㡣
ȷǳҲΪɾȻлɨ
ǽǰһһ氼ݽȥǱȭͷ
ұ߷ﴫҡﴫĵػżкЦ
߷ﴫˤԼԼĳ£ײǽĳ춯
诣סң
ͣһзİȫǰ
ɣǡ
ƺǼ⵽ŰԶڴ򿪣¶ķ䡣
Ȼñ˵ļң诵ʱ࣬Ÿ˽ȥ
ĴŸһϣЩʱʧ
ʽԢС涼زΪ¥߶ҰѣԸΧҵ־ɫ
ͳƤɳʯ壬ǳĻҰɫֻпдССεǽɫǵ㷱ǡ
װ͵ִݻУÿ䶼ܸɾҾߵƷٵÿһû˳ھסġ
ۣÿϲݡ
վڴﻷܣѡװ𡣡
ɳĬ˼ӣͷ˷ͼᡣ
ҲΪ벻ⷽȻͬãһΪϲֹҵ硣
û˵ƺƻ⡣
Ҳû١
뵽ĳȫֱ˲ƽȴȻһ飬еԻ
ҪԼ·ǲԼٸŻ
˳˼
ɿһۣһܻȥûж뷨϶дˡ
Ȼ̧ۿԢϲ㣬ʾ¥ݡ
ľƵ̨ףҵΪʲôҪ
¥Ϲǰһ䱻ͨĴ󷿼䣬һԭء
мǿյأԵһȦеϰѵһЩΪܵĲ
诣
诺ȻոͣĶԻԣ˵㿴ԭ˼Ҫң
ˣ
վſڡ
诣Ҳֵüֲ׼ܾ㡣
š
ָһɽϡ
ʼ磬£Һ˵ЩҶˣ㿼ҡ
ϵɽ̨̤壬̧첲ס˷֣סʸӦ
⣿
̧һֻ֣ؽ
Щ屻ǿ˵ˮƽֵһᡣ
µĶЩ棬Ѿʤͨˡ
޺ܸߣٶҲ졣
诣ҿ浽𣿡
߽ÿɷؿһۡ
һڵϣһ̨ϣ߶ȴǡÿԱ˴˶ӡ
诿˫۾ЩʲôЦ⣬ֿ޷׽
̻һ룬ֱһ

첲Ϸ·𱻹ǧϰǰקȥȹѵ̨ϡ
ʲô
ĪؿС϶Բ
ĴָıۻƺԵڣǶĳְɫĿʯϰ͹ƽδĥӡ
诣Ǧʯ
һֽΪϡеĿһСƬֱΪʯ
诣ҵ죬жˣ
ɣ֪ҴӲֿġ
诲ŵؿ㲻ҪҴ̨װɣ˵ġ
ᡣˣٰ㸴
ڷ꿿ŵɽķ֣ϾؿͰ˵ģߵɡ
Ҫңлл
ˡ
˭ûиˣ
诣ڶվˣͷؽġ
𣿡
䣬˿Ůϸݱֱ˫ȡ
ȻͳȦ˺ߵĴϡ
˰ɡ
ջ֡
ûȣֱȥ


18 
ڵ, 컨巢㶡
֫Ȧ
νǦʯֱĳִ˵³׹, ˵ס˵档
Ҫúܼѡ
˼Σ诲Űϰޱȵֱ׹ߡ
㡪
Աߵĺڷ꣬һʱֱʧ
Ҫѵң
˫ֻ, ̬ʵؿһ, , ֻǸӦô
ôѵʲô
ͷߵţ, ԰ɣٿԴһȽͨʼ, ʮʮ
ԼϵǦʯж, оֱȱһܡ
˼ζûվֻǿ˸ĳ˹ˡ
ѾŴ, ǰķ˿ʪˡ
ߡ
ĳλεĽ˵һ˵ѵʽЧ, Ҳôá
说˿, 𣿾Ϊ˸ɭصǼһôǿ
Լôţ
΢΢ü, Ǹ, ٱǿ
аɡ
ˡ
Լ, Ӧⲻ
˵, Ҳɷѿַʽˡ
Լ˵ġ
ָָԱ߿ʼеĵɽ, ڿʼ
诣үġ
һĽ
ҧӵվ, ˵س嵽еǰڼˤһ˲䣬ǿ̧첲ץס˷֡
űסƽ⡣
ֱȴڲϲǲ׹ÿʱÿ̶ڽ첲档
ɽ̨һһµĲеݣֻٶȸҸ߶ȸߡ

ϵǦʯء
̧Ȳ̤ʱðͷ
ɽеܹ弶̨ףͼԼϰߵ档
ٴ̧ʱ˫ֱѾ
ǳǳܡ
Ѿˡ
诵һθоۼʱ򣬷Ҳ
ֻ΢˻ȥ
ץס֣ѵؽ̧ȣһһ¹̨ףʵûоͷĽݡ
µţķ˿Ϥʪһһڼձߣ۾ܡ
Ȼ诺ֻҪԼ̧һֻ֣˳ɻֱӴ̨Ϲȥ
ұ䶯ƣֻʹͷ˦˦ԴָˮҪ
ô˵ء
ž˰ɡ
Ķ˻еԵظʹ۷Ҳͣһˮƽϡ
ʱ˾ͽϰߡ
ǽز޺貵ҵ֡
ĿĵƻԣӰҵĹƣؾ߳ƣʰ쵵Ĺ߽֯ɨ䡣
ĵƹ⣬ҲܽĻ
ҹɫĳн־ŴڿеͬһȺһȺӹķ
ͼתһעԺ˲ͼƬͼ۸ԱȣԼۡ
诺˼żţҵֵƻϨֱҹͷһɫϡչ⽥ʡ
Ѿ糿˰
˼Ʈš
˼ӡ
͵۾ˣˣҿˣ
һٴˤ
ڵϣñۣҲۣȻ֫Ѿ޷ݣÿһѪⶼǱ˺ѿ
说˼ֱӱۻ˯ȥ

ʱ֣½
ӶЭſȻ֣ҹƺûʲô
ԥµĴִ˵¶İ칫ҡ
ٴܵ˸᳤ĽӴ

˹Цݿվ
Ա߱ݰ˵˾仰
˹鲻䣬Ѿˡ
ԥ˵ͷȥҲ⣬ƺͲµַչ
ԥ𣿡
˹ṩʯȫϱ׼еļרһΪǾԾʥԭʯЩӰĿȻͬ
ԥ΢Цһ£Щﲻܱʯôܽٻʵݸ˹ͨǡ
ʵϣµҪЭˡ
˹һ˵һ߿ı顣
ȻԥЩ仯ƺЩĲޣֱܿˡ
˹ﰵЦ
վס
ʯѵ˹ͨǵע⣿
Ҳ̫쿪ˡ
ֻҪϵˣǼıԵҲڻᱻʯ
Ͻʯˡ
δһʵǿʱֻˡ
ΪЭḱ᳤ȻҲС
˹ԥʲôҲоԷӦļߡ
Σ
ڰϣļȻϡ٣Ҳֹʮ˸
ֻЭļ˵ĹӶͨᱻ¼ڰ
ЩûͨˣȴҲļʵˣҲ
˹ͨȨ˵ڲǼǵǲĸ֣Ͷ֮ꡣ
һԶԶʤǰСӡ
ᣬδǱܴ
˹ǰľ񣬵ʱˣ԰ǵҲЩ˽⣬ҲƲκˡ
Ǹˡ
ԥڳ˳Ĭ
ǲȫ
ĳЩһóأ
˹˼ȻϣҲܿ˶ԷĽ࣬ࣿ
Сӻóʯ
֮ǰЩѵֻƷ
Ϊµĸˣںԥܹʯǲһƾ񵽵ˡ
ȻԥʵҲųǴӱĺġ
ʯֶΪҲûκοھ
ԥдʯ
˹ͷ
ԥٴεͷǵģࡣ
̧ͷ̸ķ䣬䡣
˹䣬Աߵ㽫ݰˤˡ
ԥعͷǡÿ᳤һ˲𾪵
ߵȼ࣬Ȼʱƶȣ弶
ԥ˵ҳԺļ弶ı׼ûȷĹ¡
ʵҲûа취¡
Ͼ˹ͬЩʼ廨ŵ֮䣬ʵ̫ˡ
ֻսȥȻ©Ҳ޿κεİ취
ҲиƷռϢļѡеͼ
չʾʵõİ취Ȼս
˹еŵҲ˵
ϾҲ֪ԥ϶ġ
ԥ̾˿ڿԼ֮󡪡ļߡ
м˽֡
ԥҴ²µļж׼ˣǶ˵ı׼
˹Ȥš
ƾոǾ仰Ѿֳ²⣬ںԥܡ
ʲôò£Ǵµķȷˡ
ԥȻһطǿͨļĿˡ
ļ֮ŷֻ֣Ǹʼˡ
ԥҳƽƽߵһѾָҡ
ѧУ̵ܽĶҲǳޡ
οѧУҪڿݶרҵ֪ʶؿγ̼ʹڣҲΪЩͼƵġ
˹ţЩ׶ԷĽˡ
ϣܰ弶
ԥ΢΢ͷֻһ
˹⣬Էóôʯļ˵ı£
ңʹҪͶЧ˹ͨ壬Ҳᱻɵġ
ԥЩʯ
΢սȥѹ˵Ҵһ䴬ġ
˹סϵı顣
ΪǹӶЭĸ᳤ںǿΪҲƵ¡
Ȼص㲻١
֪ʲô𣿺
᳤̾Ϣ˭һʯⱳȻǲ
Һ˹ͨ岢δʧʯɺԥǵġ
ţұ׷ɱˡ
ԥµصͷˡ
ͨ˵ˣȫƾǿ
Ϊĳ׷ɱߵĳ䣬ٶȴͣ˼죬ǿ
뵽Լˡ
һ㶼⡣
˹ӵؿҲܲµ˵ʲôˣϣ˹ͨıӻ
ԥ˵ͷҴżҹǺ˾ı־
˹ֱ˼Ρ
ҹǺΪＯ˽һб⳥ҵ͵ĻǱضҪ⳥׷
˹ͣͣȻҪһȥ
ִǺ˾ͨвٸ֣ΪĳЩ߼ۻﻤܴɱǼʺ
˶ݵš
ԥ˵ͷؿڵ֪Ѿվˡ
˻Σ
˹ͨʯҲὫĺ¾֮⡣
ðɡ
˹ĵ˵ôʯ˵ǰ֡
Ȼĺԥļ򣬡㻹ʲô뷨˵һΪתġ
ԥ˼˼ӣʵһˣҲѾ뿪ˡ
˹֡
ǵʱԷڴЩһȺӶƺǴʲôˡ
ľ𣿡
Ǵӻˡ
ߣ
ԥĬˡ
ʶ˵ǡ
Ȼ֮ǰ˵Ļô϶ˡ
ǣߣôڻϹ
һߣҲˡ
ڵһУļƻྶͥ
ڻѵʱ±׷ɱԼҲԽ˰ٺá
Щ׷ɱˣںôһ޹ؽҪС
ο뷨˹ͨͶˡ
ǽ˴ȥȦʹЩ׷ɱߣҲѽ˹ͨĵ̡
ڣʧȥԷ䡣
˹֮ͨĽףҲôöû̸ס
û˹˵ôֻ࣬ҪƾЩʯԼ˹ͨĳˡ
Ȼٽ̸
Լ̫򵥡
ԥˣҵĴҵô
ٰô졣
˹£иϢǿ԰ˡ
ԥվƬҲڼĴ㡪֪ϢҵĻ֪ͨҡ
˹ͷ˿ԣʾյͼƬϣעӶйĻѰͻ򵥺ܶࡣ
ԥıЩΪȻ
ȻֿԲ
˹û˵ʲôһתǽ̸źܿͻн
ԥʾԼϢת뿪ˡ
ﰲ˼ӡ
˹Աߵ飬Ҹо滰
Ȼˡ
ͷľƭĻҲҪѰӻˡ
˵öԡ
˹ЦЦ
ϽôʯȻҲô
ںԥЩҪȻҲ֪϶Ӧ
Ȼ֪Լʲô鷳Ӧ·޷⡣
˹˵ߣ弶ϣ°ɡ
ΪӶЭλǵ߶Щ
ô꣬ʶӵ弶ʵˣɱļҪٶˣҪ弶Σա

˹˿Ƭȥݿ⽻ƥ䣬ЭûнγǼϵͳ

诱𶯾ѡ
۾Լڵϡ
Ӵкյ͸ϸĳɼ
Ȼٴθֱܵϳ
诣ݣԭجΡ
ȻĴĸأһϵ̨ס
诼ѵ̧첲ַֻؿڣԷԡ
ʾǡ
뵽ԼûıעҲøˣ͸ɴͨôˣ

诣ܲܶ˵֣ҵҵķݣҾԲᶯһ¡
Ǳߴһܼǹͼľʲô춯
˵ء
ͳɤһƬ𣬡ûķݣ˭ʹ㣿
诣㶼Ūˣʲô㲻ҵ𡣡

ɳĬһ룬Ҿôһ˵һûʲôҵġ
ط˸ҡҡλεվ
Ȼܳأ֫Ǧʯקò׹·Ҳǡ
诸һˤ˸ͷ

⶯ûһߡ
һϳ־õĸ˶ԶԶκһζ
ǰᱳʹ鴤˯һָ߰˰ˡ
ڶû⡣
ʱ֡
˯˲߸Сʱ֮󣬴Ӽ⵽ͷۡ
说ߵ¥ݿڣܵؿŷ֣˼Լ̨ףˤϲӵļж
Ȼƻһһ߿ʼŲ
裬ڵִſڡ
说ţӹװеĴӣлл
ͷ˿ɸɾɳ뵽Լڵ״̬ܻѷԵõǣתƮϡ
ӲĴʯ壬ͺˡ
ŴʼԷ
ȻʡʱԺӪҺ
Ȼܳĺģ˭ϡЩûζĶ
һ±ζƴ̣Ӽצ⵽ϺӦоУ޵ɫȦ͹硣
һ룬ڷ۵ڴм䡣
һֻڷ׵Ŀڴһ˦һߣȻק߶
ⲻʮǸʮһ㿪ۣһھ⡣
诳Ե÷жã񶼲

һ˵һҲߵƮǰ
ҲҪ𣿡
诱ŷŲһ£ַֺޱҪƮܴ˶ȫ㹻
Ҹղž㣬ҪŸسԶ𣿡
ժֻ棬¶Ӣ覵Űɡ
Ȼ£мһѰװµķС
Ķһʽݣǳ֡
ֻҪһģһˡ
һУ˻С
ţ
ͷˮΪҰ𣿡
Ҫķݣö
Լô¥һ·߹ģͲɻðɡ

һۣΪ㾹ȻܼߵſڣΪ

ĿպӶȥ
诣㲻ǿ̫һҶˣ˯һͺõòࡣ
ˡ
ţ
ĵ˵ô
诣˵ܾ׼һ
ָָؿڣͱһָܻ
诣Ǽӵ𣿡
˿ǳСʱһ졣
ô
ɵ˵ǰ£˯һָܻ˵֮ǰĶǿ̫ͣȫǶϷڼǱ˵̫ˡ
⡣
ͷаͣҪطҪκʱ򶼻ᷢսҪ׬Ǯ
Լ۵̶ֳȡ
û˵ˡ
˿ĳн־Ȳˡ
诲ȷﲻᱻɱţ
ɲͷ˫۾ӳô
诣
ʲôʱҲôе
ϸһ룬ԼҲǿΨһƶʡ
ĿĲ𣬻ᵼԼҪôƲҪôƵҲ޷ʹá
֮⣬ʱûУƵԲ
ܴƣΪܵսʿָտɴ
аɣô롣
ֶһУζ࣬ԳаĹˣҺûֻҳ԰ˮ⡣
ɣʲôֲĽ
ʼ磬ȷʵȽ¶ˡ
شۡ
֮ڣ诶ڼ尾ĥжȹΨһοǸʽ

ǰʱ򲻶࣬¸ɱαװӽԼĻᡣ
ڵܽԲĵƷһ
ͬʱصĴڸƺҲ
Ǹ˶еɽܲеȵȡ
ĸеʹõĽ̲ͬ󲿷ʱ᳤ＸСʱظʹͬһ
졣
Ȼٻһ
ÿλеʱССĸһ£ʱһٴαľ
ֹһӣ˶ϰ
Ҳš
ưϣѵؽӼϾ
诿˿ֱϵĸػֿ˿ϽˣԼ˾ͷѵĸƬ
ߣһ塣
ұߣһ塣

һ˲䣬诺ӵضٽĸ壬ж֫ĸػ
Ȼȥϴһȭ֡
Լϰ
һϰ֮òϲֱۣŻԭλͷư˯ˡ
ֹһʱ䣬ɱʾԳˣҷһš
񡣡
诲˲ţһӪ
һа֯˼ˡ
Ϣʾ˵ƺߡ
ƺ
Ǿһ
ϾĻͲôģɵĴˡ
诲̫ȷţҲųǹռϢȫжʧ
ԴսʱҲܵġ
ҽˡ
վҵĺϢ
δ䣬Ʈϵĺڷվ˲Աߣץסֱۡ
ʧԭء

ٴصʱ课ò̫ؿеƶ¡
֮ǰŻȻͬ
ܣСϻвˮŵѪϢ
ʱֵƻʱ֣ҫԶӵ۹Ԣ¥
ǲ紩խСͣһõľ¥ǰ
ǶϾɵĽܱ߹ܵ¥Ĵۣ
֡
֮ĸػ̱ժ
ٽоô
صɫȦз·ë˿
诣
оô
ԼҪˣ
ͷһɣ·ֻҪһ磬ԭ˷ȥ
Щ˼ػ󣬡֪ôݣǺˬ
ǰӰһʲôϡ
诲̧ͷ
ڷվԱߣһֽոժµĻ水ϡ
Լװˡ

ʶֽס㲻Ҳ˲ƻȥ𣿡

ɼŴϻ棬Ҳٶ˵תʧˡ
诣ֱӰĶô
鸴ӵС١
Ȼǰֻʣ¿ˡ
ϵĻ档
ⶫǰĺڸִ죬оܵĹϵͳͿ㣬˫ջܸо¶ȡ
֮ǰ;⻤濴ź˧Լıعÿһ
һ۸ˡ
ʱҲ
˸
̧ͷ˿¥ĴһԾ
һǽ׵ĸ߶ȡ
һŲ᫲ƽשʯǽڣһ£Ծ˶¥Ĵڡ
ϡﻩĲ˷
ʲôˣ
ֻжˡ
һſڵϻĳַͼ
˻ͷһǹһ˾ذ׳
ŮǽǣѪ߰ߣΪסֻܷ֧֧ͣ
˽Ƕ۾Ȼƴͼȡ

ֻһۣ͸Ͻջߡ
ΪǸŵѾǰ
Ȼ̧첲ײ˵ı
׵ѵ

⻹ûꡣ
һֱӽ˴ԶӴˤȥ䵽С
诼ϵļ⵶ֶ׼ǹˡ
Ҫ°״æһЩ

诵׼ͷ̫á
ǣҲûָԼһڶԷϡ
ֻҪӻһ¿ǹĿľʹˡ
˶˲䣬˹ȥ
ٶȿþˣգ֮䣬ѾڶԷǰ
ͨ˵ʱ͸ÿʼֻˡ
Ȼڸо࣬ǳһʱٽս
̧֣һϹȭڶԷ°͡
һĹ졣
ȫ鶼ѿȻ˫أֱӱ·ɡ
ȥɡ
˸ոճڵϵĻ滭ƺĴ̼޷
ʱڻعҲ˹
۵ͱ
һǸߡ
诿ԷжٶȺܿ죬е㳬ԼķӦΧ
̵ĵ⻮࣬ױ˺ѿڣƤڵʹ
诳ܹذٱˣ߶ûһ
תԾֱ߶Էͷ­
˿
һǽϡ
䣡
ǽȻ̮һʱשʯ飬۳裡


19 
ﳾ, שʯ䣬ˤĵϡ
诣
иокܴҲûԤϵ̶ֳȵĽ
ǴൽķԾˡ
ߣ
ֵа̳Ա, 鲻ɶ˼ּɵ
ϧ
诽ߴӾ޴ƶջأˡ
ٴ˹
ҫĿĵ⡣
¶𾪣ҪˣȴѾˡ
Ӱ˲, ֦ͬƶ, ؽĿ̴
۵ֶ, ׹ڵϡ
Ҳȫ鴤ŵ£ʬ屻յýڡ
诿ֱԾĵ绷, һġ
֮ǰ̶ֳȵ, ֻҪһ, ͻԵƣС
ӿ죬٣ٶ˸׳̡
, ȻҲܸеۣȴڼѸٻָ
ͺҲǳֻ̣ױ˶ʮס
ٶο϶Ҳ⡣
ض, ϵĵǽǵܺǡ
Լһ¡
һ˵һ¥ݿȥ
ĽŲٿ
ма̳Աոճ, ʱƺŻ, ԶԶ¥ǽ˶, Ҳϵ¡
Ǽææ¥ݡ
˫·ꡣ
ͷ, Ϻã
£ЩȫӦ, ׷װǹε
Ƿֱվ¥۽ǵ, һһ, ֱ߾ܽ
诰סһԵľƷ֣ӯԾУһˡ
ָ̧񵲣žһľʹ
˳߹ǶѵҲߵȥײ˺󷽵ͬ顣
˶㿪û㿪ȫһţ¥ˤȥ
վ¥˶ݵĳ˼
ոһ˲䣬ƺĳĸо
ָ̧֣˸˿˿ĵȻЩҫ۵Ļһ·£˫ۣûѪ֮䡣
Ǹƶ׵磬оתö֪
Ȼܸܵģʵʻɵһ˲ĸо
˵ڵĳ״̬Ǿȷֲܱ״̬ͻֱ۾ۼ
Ѫ˲仯ҫĵ⡣
̣ǰȥ׽ϸڣת㱵˲ˡ
ڣƺҲܵһЩ仯

ӭЩ⣬һ١
ߣԪ࣡
𾪵شţ˼ɵЩϲ˵ûгꡪ
ץסƷ
һȺ𣬡ɱЩ˺öˡ
δ䣬Ѿһȭǰ˵ϡ
˵ı˲۶ϣ沿ʹбΣȻ󱻴ɳȥ
¥·ˤˣҲ׷ĳ
һֱۼĵǿ
ǧѪܾ·˺ӵˮڶͬϪ̹麣
һֱʮֵĵ򣬲ϸϸܵɫ绡
ĵֱӿԾ˵֮УȻԽԽ
ӵʱ䣬˼Ѿһ

请ǳˣеˡ
ѵ˳ȥ
˶˲ըѿ谵ķƺȺԾܡ
ЩսŲţڳι״ơ
ܿ˽Ϣ
诿¥ݷ֣Ϣ˼Žƽȵ
ޣлָ˾ԲֹһΡ
ȷʵʱǿսһҲԶˡ
̶̼ŵһȺˣҲֻеۣһոսҲȫû⡣
ȥ˼ƬȺϷһŵͷϢа̳Աŵˡ
ص¥Ⱥ˹Ȼ
ͶʮģȥЩţ˺Ҳûоǽɪɪ
诣˻ǮǣѾϢˣ͵ˡ
һƬš
˼ӣиؿڵǿҲӡ
ɻؿ
ڴڿҽ㣬·ϣػصߣҺҲҡ
ǸЩη˵⣬й
˷׷׵ͷ˵
ҲҰְ֡
桭
诣
ǵļУ˫ٴҫ۵ĵ⣬ͬʱת˱Ϯһ
˴ӰԾգۼɱек˸
ܺĿؿš
һƾճ֣ţǰӪǵˣ·Ԥװض㿪ˡ
ڷ۵ĹӶִ͵һ˦ҫȦȦ绡
˴һ
ǮҼǮ𣡡
һߴһ߸иߣܰӶȫû
ҪЩ˵˵䣬ʶܻˣ˵ովͱˡ
϶ҪǼ۵ġ
ϾѶȵʱ䣬Ȼ˵ĳЩܲǺйԡ
Ʃ˵ڡ
ƻûй
ƵûֱӵĹԡ
ǣֿԲһӣҲԲȻǽǣ͵Ϯ֡
ĥţԷԼ׷ɣƩӪȶ̸ʱ
ֱӾͽӱص˵˳
ΪһЩĹӶȻһʱʶ⡪ﻹһߣߴδ¶档
ȻǶʲôط
ʶµʱǸԱ͵Ҳʶˣֱֻ
Ϊʲôţ
ȻҲǿ诸ո۵ĵֻҪ㶪ϼͲزסˡ
֣δս״̬˵ܳɹ
˲˼ӣڷŵ˶֣ǽϴ
ʵûзɹ
⼸ɼܻɱ֣κ˶нġ
Щܺߵļһ˵еĳа̳Աαװġ
ֵֹߣ֪ܱκαԻ󣬸ж½䱸
ֵص˲䣬淺һˮƵ·ĳϱƳˡ
⴫һмĿ
½˳˷¥ݣ˲ŵשֱ϶¥ĳܺʧʹޡ
һиŮ˹ӦþǷĹظлһ
ȻҶʾǮû⣬û˵
֪ԭǰҲҹӶѰЩܺߵλãҵ֮ͽˡ
ǸӶֻˣ˵Լʺս仹ǴһȺˡ
ӶǺҲ˼ΣӲûзӡ
ֻһƬש߶ѳɵķ档
诣ǰɣǶӣǮˣ
ѵֻԼһ׬Ǯһ߾ְ
ҲܺߵǸǮøˬ졣
诣Եʲô
վ¥ݿڣ˿һ¥а̳Ա˻״̬
诣и󣬻û꣬˭֪ʲô𣿡
ϲȱͼһ£Ҳûκο׵Ľ
֪
Ƿ׷ҡͷ
ʧ˿̫ˣÿ춼Ϊָʧ񾭲а̳ԱߵʵҲֻ
ղЩ˵ʵǶ⣬º̫Ҫ⡣
ʱѾҹˡ
뿪ǶƷ֮һĽֵϣ·ͷת䣬һƬƺ̵ıˮ
ӵͣżˮϰʿϼһƬ߸ߵ͵͵Ļ巿Ųʵƺ͹ơ
ӱߵĵ·Ϊӵ඼ǳҹеܱ߾
ȺŲ˼ʮףͼĿڴֱԡ

š˵ĸ˵󣬽ҽ
ЩʶΪ֮诵˼ѾƮԶˡ
ŹԵ촰ڣɷʾһ¸л
ѵУ˵һʼʱַʽһֱǳз̬ȵġ
Լʵ
ôһܹôĻ
ֻһˣȻȵ
ЩȻǳʹ࣬˯ʵҲ
лл
说ͶӰĴڣס¼
֮ǰķҲԣڣҽóˬһ¼ܡ
̫ȷǸʲôҲԼûиƵǸ
Ҳᡣ
诸ոշȥеڡ
ܾûᱻ
ͳɡ
ճǺôˣӮʤôΪģռ˵ʵԼ
Ȼǰαװɭء¡
ʲôġ
读ǵһУΪ˵ԼṩѵͻҲֻΪǿ
˵ﵽʵҪ
ôһ룬鷴
ҸȻȡ裬ܴٳȶĺϵ
һΪ㸶ȴǲǿֲ顣
ÿ֣
ǰ·ڳܡ
ƺ˱˿ӿڴȻΪԷ͵ԼĶһ˵ֻײ
ǴԻƵ
̫ˣܱ߾˶Χۣ׷Ƶ
ҲԻ
ѾߵϣԱ߶ɫ̯λСԵģζƮɢڡ
е㷢ֲ̫ڴͥ¶סѳ嶯ǰߡ
ŶĳмҾưɣſվһЩŮŨױĨģҲеױ崿ģŶȽϱ¶
һ۾ͿǶǷˡ
Щж䲻رеӲͳ˲ͬ
ǵ޻ʵĹ⡣
说߹Ȼͣһ¡
Աһ۵ˣð
Ǹò㣬Ҳ¶Цݣá
ֻһ̶̵ļпˣŴ¶ţ˫ݣƤ⻬
诣š
һЩʱļ㡣
诣ʱ䣿
Ȥ˲ôܣޣ죬Ҳȡؼֽлش
ͷҹĻÿӶʮԪ
诣ǼҰҹǼСʱˣҲں
˴һٿǮ
𶯣ġ
ּ򵥵ָ˻ģ̾ˡ
Ȼ˶Էʵؼ
ǷͺŲ߼ָв˵رãƤư⻬ϸƷζеʸС
¶Ե͡
״͵ԵǶˡ
诲ûзɾ裬ʱս״̬ͬʱҲ˼ӣؿ󱳺Ͳ
˰վţʲôûУŬش⡣
Ȼ̫ܺ죬Ļֻ΢Ц˵ǸҲס
ʱʱڷ˵ؼϡ
Ҫ𣿡
ֱҪˡ
һͷϵıʱס
ӰȴӰˡ
ڷ걧ֱۿ·ϡ
վڻƵƻߴĵӰ˼ؿ
诣
ô롣
侲ţȻԷǾ˿Խؼˡ
ȵȡ
Ǽҡ
ʱסѵء
诣١
еΣ
ʲôεġ
ôǸˡǣºοǸǻˡ
ֻǰ֮ǰľ˶ûɶȤܻһ
˰ɡ
϶ᱻܾӳ
ٲڱˮþưſڡ
ϾǸǮˡ
˹ȥҵҺϵл
յˡ
ĵ˵ţָָ֪лߣ
֡
ˡ
Ȼͷ˹˫Ư۾ҹɫҲǳʵѩС
ΪǺڷۣ
诣


20 
Ǿ仰һ˵, ˼ӣȻʼ÷ǳϢ
ʲô
ֳ˳Լڣܻĸо
Ϊʲôô˵
Ҫ, һô֪ģ
Լ뷨ǰҲԼ°ɡ
ǴδȥЩġ
Щҡ
ɲشֻǲͷЩ΢
ǵ߲, ͷ, ܿ˳Ľë, ĵ˫۾רעм顣
ĺĤɫΪӰ仯
ʱڰƵĵƻԡϦĺˮ, ıֲ̲ŵС
գգ۾, ʹ˵˵ɵġ
ɣ
΢ˡ
ڶԷ֪˼С
ֶ϶ǲµ, Ҳܲô׼
诣Һ˵ˣ
һеģԼȴҲôȷ
ȻƺΨһĿˡ
Ҳش𣬾ֱץסļ, ֱ˲ƻعԢˡ
ǳڶѵеĶ¥䡣
Ǹʦˣ
ɷſ
ݵĲʸкܿɢ
说˿ͻָ
ʦ
ظһ¡
ʵ̫İ
˵ڸС˵ӰƷ֣ʹڹӶЭ񷢲ϣΡ
ָĳһྫߡ
溬, Щƺʩչĳڻ
󲿷ֶͨٿع߶Ӿ, ЩֱӰ˵ĸ֪жϡ
˵, һЩĻʦ, һ˲ıΧĻ
Ʃѱɺ⵱ȻǼٵ, ȵѻѡ
ڻЧڼ, ӰĶ, ٵҲԱΪġ
ڱֵʱ䳤, ԼǷᱻӰȵȣҪʩߵʵˡ
ʦƺһֲ̫ķǹٷ˵
诣ǸͣģӾģ
ǰߡ
Щϧ
иƹߵֻһ㡣
诣ܸ𣿡
ԼӦõˣϸһ룬ǹھǿĻϣԼҪôƲҪôҲò
ȻѾʹùܶξܣ˵ӰԶԶСֱӸı˵ĸ֪жϡ
˵˵滰ԼʶԼĻˡ
һЩǰ
˫ֻأһԲؿ˼ӣȻҡҡͷ
ҪϵͳľͶ
ɺ˵ڲԶˡ
ƵɱֵҲھԾҪȽϵ͡
Ҫ븴ƸǿľܣҪܣҲҪߵľ
诣ðɣôжϳģ
ľܸоˮƽ
诣ô֪ҵĿԸߵͣ
Ҹոտʲôȫûһ˿
诣ڶҵ뷨
Ҫ
诣ҿԴ𣿡
Ѿ׼¥ˣͣһ¡
诣
ɵͷʼԡ
յʲôϢֱͶӰĴֳ︡ͼƬǺüݡ
ʮӡ
С
ڷתҡ
诣
ңȻҾʹ㡣
ܵ˵
诸оԻ
˾˵
Ի谵ķ⡣
׻ҫԾ˫һ·Ծֱۣžı಻
ͬʱҲ˳ȥ
Զֻգ۵ʱ䡣
ֳŷ¿ڴһֻش࣬ȥ޷
һȭԷؿڡ

ʵѾóֵ׼ڽᷢʲô¡
ƩԼһȭգȻֱӷɳȥ֮ġ
Ȼûô
ֻǲԱһ
Ȼɲǿѹֱ۲䣬ûЩԾɫ⡣
˴˲䣬ͬʱ֣Ϣطһ
诿ڴק˳
һ룬ٴζӭĵڶȭһӲĽײ
诣
߹ǾԱöˣ
۵ǰڡ
ս˾һḻ
ֱʧȥжΪʹֹͣơ
ĳ̶ֳϣʹǵȼǱĻ档
ΪʹŭΣУŸı
ֱϵĵԽܼ˻ζķŭȺ
ȵĹâҫ𣬼ʹ˫Ŀ
ż׺ϵĵ⣬˫۾ڵĹ浹ӳС
ԼΪŭʹŤݡ
诣
ڷ΢΢֣Ľմֱָüġ
诲ܣһץסУӲͣǰ
ָԾĵѸٲƶϣͬסУһ·˻ֽϮȥ
š
ֶ⻹ǲ⣬¼ܣ
һ˵һ߿
诣ǰҴ˵ʱ򣬾Ϳʼڲž۵ô󡣡
սûֹͣ׼ȥˡ
űײϵ߹ǣ˿ȴΪȸԾ˵ҾȻץסĽ
ɣҰٶȷӦںһˮƽϡ
说ʧ
ɣҸʮӲſʼ
߹һֻǷ
ʧԸӣҾô𣿡
Ҳǡ
һûôս
ûо飿
ϸһ룬Ҳ
ǰ8ңͨˮ׼
սƩЩٷ߰ɳԱ֮ģ϶ࡣ
һһԺԲơ
ǣֻҪ磬ͻɥʧսȻһɷ
读عԼһһս
ǰУܳʱʹãҵֲɵϣҲ
ŵ˺۴úǱ
诣ҲߣܷѹңһȭܰҴɵ֡
ҼֱǾԵ壬Ҳû¡
Ǵηڵ½ֵսǸŭĵɱ֣϶ˡ
˵սǵ氤򡣡
£һԶ
ҲͷԼϵ߹ǣ㶯ĺܿ죬ԼãҾ㿴Ӧ
㿴ˡ
ԣ
ֻҪ۾ܲ׽Ķ͸Ӧ
ƽ˵˵Ұٶȿˮƽ㲻ӦþǺܡ졯
ţ
诳˼˼ӣ˵Ҿÿ죬ΪҾ鲻𣿡
ܶԭ򡣡
ƺЩýͣ˵Ҳԣ㾭㹻ЩͲ⡣
⵹ǸϢ
诣ֻҪ˸ɼܾˣţҺҲˣ
ԡ
һ˵һְסļ
һ롣
诸оԼѵĹͷѾˡ
ʹ˲ɢ
诺ȻЩңֻһͷΪںһˮƽԼʵǲǣ
ֹͣ
Ƴһۣұȡ
诣
ɥʧġ
诣
үġ
̾˿ʲôϣѯʵпյĻָܲһң
ϵǣûоܾûз
ԡ
˼شӦˣÿʲôʱ״̬ã
룬ɣ˯ǻ
һ˵һЩӶϢʱ䶼ǳ
Ȼǵ߻Ȼ⣬Ҳνˡ
Ȼ˾Լÿİ򡪡ۺϸ񶷿γ̡
´˸أѵе
ƺַһ
ոմϵʱûվ
ȵ˹涨ѵѾǷ״̬ѵϴ˸裬ȥ˯ˡ
ǵģѾϰסˡ
ûʲôͬӵĸоΪܻԸû˯
磬ӭ˵һĸ񶷿γ̡
ֻ֪ۣ˵еˡ
վڴм䣬ΪҾߺ٣ֻҪЩɳƵ䣬ͱÿտյˡ
ȻʦûбΣʲôʲô
־Ͷѵ
ǽסӭʽ񶷵课Ͳ֡
һûժأ
说ŭ
ĸȦء
˫һ𣬵ѸٲϺϽִ̼ĺС
ʼʼ
ɿ˿ļƣӡ
˹ץô
ڷ긩֣߬סŮ󣬵ŶԷסеƣָ̫ˡ
ƿָ޳ױ⻬ƤʸУҲܸо̺Ĳݿܵ
诣
ûü
ȻԱߵƺȫûб絽ֻǵذǿָ
诣ܹѵ𣿡
ʵǵĹӶǣҰ·ӳ
ԼߣڸҲͱþͨʮ˰ˡ
Ҳ⡣
Ȼʱж̣ƲϾͨһ㳣ˣϼ¡
诺Լʲôˮƽ
ǿֻǱУûκ·ҲûƯĸʽ
ͱĶ㹻ѡĲλҲ㹻
ʱˮƽܽӵ̶ֳȾ͹ˡ
š
ɶƣһץסһһģһĸ񶷵
Ȼõָؽڣɡ
ֹҲͬʱˡ
ӵĵǿˣǴǿ֢һ˵ͷ
ĸ̫ˡ
룬һжĿ
诣ϴ㻹˵úܺá
˵ԼռҼһĵǴΡ
ɣụ̂Ǹݽ۵ġ

ɣˡ
鸴ӣˣҲá
һһ˿顣
ȻָΪдսյ÷ǳ׼
ǹ˲ʮУɶûֻһζطأĳǶȺơ
һ룬дֱ۵ļ϶ĵ⴩͸׵ĲϣͣĿڡ
ߡ
ڷ국˵̫Ʈˡ
诣㶯̫ˣǺһٶȣҷġ
һ㣬⡣
˻ӲĺУҪֻӵ֮ǰʲôطᶯ
诣˵֮𡣡
ԡ
һӺٴΰ
аҷӦ
ϰߣһξ
غˣܿ˵ھϵĵ档
Ȼڲһѡ
߻͸ǵ⣬ȻָȴһѪûС
ԺϽֵ̼ķ̶ȣһƤ˿ڣǷǳѵ¡
οǸոջڸɼܣͻӿȫ
üһ
说˴ָǴаɡ
ƽؿ֪ͺá
诣
ָֻѵһ֡
ڼȫˣֻǱ²۸ּϵʧͲ㡣
ָ֮󣬽ʵѹĳ̶ȣʼ浶ǹĸɼܡ
е档
诽Ѫ߰ߵѵʱЩҲ𣿡
ɣںܶطܹѵЩ˴ᣬЩ˴ء
诣񶷵ĵطأ
ݡ
ɵͷһʼͶѧԱ죬ݸָ꣬ǿֲͬİࡣ
ǿˣȻҪĴ
ɣҶ߶УҲࡣ
诣
课ӦñԼҡ
ңΪӪǰ£˻ٽ
诣ҾеǰҪһָˣڿֻҪ˯һͺˡ
Ҳǡ
룬ڽǸѵӪ֮ǰһЩҿҪȬ뿪ʱ򣬼Ӿ͹ˡ

ѹ²۵ĳ嶯ʲôط
ϡ
򵥵ػش𣬡Ѿûˡ
诣û˻ѵӪûˣ
ڣǲͨѵ׬Ǯת˽ȥˡ
诣
ˣҲ֪϶ĳǼʺš
诣أ
£ɱ˼ˣַˣ;˳ˡ
鸴ӣ֪Ϊʲôһ㶼֡
ΪԼҲ鷳
ɷʵ֪ӶЭ𣿡
诶ʱãȻ
д˿㲻֪Эγǵļϵͳ
诣
Ϊ͵£ȷʵûڹڳ¶
ǲꡣ
һ˲뵽˶ߣΪʲôңɱʲôɱˣ
ȵȡ
诺ȻԥЭḱ᳤̸ӡ
һﲻỹѰԼɣҲִ̫ˡ
诣ô֪ģ
ɣǲأ鵽һԷҡ
诳Ĭһ¡
Ҳ֪޷ϵԼǼʹϵԼҲҪ
诣ô˵ģ
ɣǹԶ㣬ҡ
诣аɣ㡣

ӶЭᡣ
ԥ߳ݣ˵¶㣬ͬĵط˸᳤
˹Цݿͬˡ
鷳ˡ
ԥԴ˲⣬ܲһ䡪ҵǸ𣿡
˹һۡ
ᣬѾõ˹ͨıӻ˳Ϊ弶ߵĻᣬǶ飡
ֹͷȻǸҪѰҵˣǺҪˡ
ͨݿƥõһЩ
˹ÿɷػش𣬡ǵòµĿԣҪȷһ¡
ٴǸڷ۵Ůݺܡ
ı׼ʵǷƵǿ
ʲô
ԥЩ㵣ӦòߣʹͨҲСڶʱھӦҲ
ǿûʲôϵ
ǾͲˡ
˹΢Ц˵ȷʵҵһˣ沿ƥغ϶90%ϡ
˵չʾһŴӷӰͼƬ
ڲǽԱߵλϣůɫƹҫ£ڷ۵Ůһ¶΢Цؿˡ
ԥһ¡
ͼƬŮȻ԰ףɫȴ࣬ȫഺƺҲȳʱһЩ
ԥ
˹üҾãһҪҵˡ
ԥΪʲô
㿴ˡ
ͼƬŮλֻһӰҲֻϡӦǸ߸ӵĺڷԡ
ǰļӰ¶ʶAӶʵƵɲ⣬ɱļߡ
ԥһ
ӶȼǿͨۼƵġ
ҪﵽAˮƽҪɹһЩʵҪ̵񣬱ʵͨҲļˡ
ɱļߣһˡ
λξܾǵνǷǳޣҡ
˹ҡҡͷ
ıǳ΢Ȼ뵽಻̫ľ
֮
˹ɫλŮʿĹϵ˵Ƕѡ
Ȼ滹һԶ㣬ǾͲˡ
ԥ


21 
诶ԹӶЭᷢһ֪, ҲǺ׺ԥΪʲôִš

뵽ֿܡ
诳˼һұ¶ʲô£ɱ, ෴һΪĳ鷳ҡ
Ȼһ֡
Σգ뿪
Լ˵Ŷе㲻, ҵ, еס
۱, ܲϲԸġġ
´˸أųص¥, ׼ѵ
ˡ
̨ͣһ, ϴ𡪡, ǰҹҰ͵ˣ˵һʣ
ԥ˵ܿ, ˵Ϊ˷˰
ҲһΪϡоϺ١
ʯЩƣܳκϡ
ڸּ, ڲͬĲͬ, ֹĿ
Ȼ, ʯûп, ֻʯͷˡ
诣ʲô
Ϊעﱻ, ǿ
Ǯ˵Ҳõֶ
Ȼ˰֮, , ƺġ
诣
ô
˼, ԣһЩҲ𣿡
ɱʾԼҪ⡣
诸˵Ȼһ鴮
ɭء¡ǵĿ꣬ȻӱҲйô
Ȼõ˿϶Ļش
ɭؼææΪ˼ƷԼָŶӣԭʯᴿӹ
ֿھ򲢲򵥣ɢĸص㣬ǲɾҪ϶¡
ټɭضʱǲ뿪ġ
ڽ˳ˡ
ȻԥЩ
ֻǽʯǣ˫ǽ׹ϵЭᾹȻܰˣ
ܲԸǵǮȡǰ˰ɣ
ܾЭûô˵
ļ죬ʱʱͻ¡
ϰ˰͵ĴڣҲϲֶһҪܵˡ
οǹӶЭġ
ζȥЭˡ
ȻʱҲȥǱߡ
ݼҺռҵ鷳û
ֻͷʹѡ
硣
ٴαַᷭɳȥֱǽС
вڵϡ
ڷԱߣеĵ
֪ûժ𣿡

说͵ؿֲܾò̫Ծ
ɣ
Ĭ룬ڵʲô
诼ѵ𣬽Լ˵˳
㲻⡣
ĵ˵ЭϵңͲٷ㡣
գգ۾𣿡
ǻһļߡ
˵
诣
ǵЭĹԱɱϹϾǵĹϵҲô򵥡
ɣ˵Ǹպģոʱˣ
诱֮䵽׷ʲôһ㶡
诣ԡ
ȥʲô
诣һʼʱ򡪡
诳ǰļ
һĻΪ㤣Ҳ˱Ƚ̵ӡ
ɴ׹ֱ֮ӱȼյĻϤʧЧ
ǰüпղձڣ͵Խɴڲ
ڽǰҲж˼ʻλã˽ûѶʱҵ˺ԥ
ʱѾһƬǽ壬Ĵǻ͸ֲ塣
ԥ͵ڲ̨ϡ
·ȫѪظλжദᴩˣ¶Ƥŧףطõ˵ĺɫѪˮ
Һʮ΢ȥʱֱ
ǰҲ˲ϧؽҩ
诣˵Ǳ˵ģҿӣжˣǸȾʲô
Щ˿϶ĳܵЧ
ԥղѹ֮ûȫָսҲΪ
µˣͨӵµˣϡ
Ҵܲµʲô
ɵĿǴ˵̣׷ɱ𣿡
诣ûС
Ҳ⣬϶ûУˡ
诣㻹ʲô
Ӧдʯ
ɵ˵ӶЭ
ͷʺŵؿ
ɣ˵ֹһΣ
诵ͷ
ɣڻ̸̽
ֻһʯֵöμЭ̡
Ҳ˼ǣʯռΪʲôһѡ
Ȼͣסˡ
ǰԥʱԥˡ
ݼüҵԥҪõʯ
ҲǸյõʯ
诣ȵȣѵԥʯǴӱģ˵͵ģ͵Żˣ
Ҳ˵һ
΢΢ףڣ˹ͨıӻ϶Ҳ֮һ
˿
üһ
ޱ뺫ԥˣҪˣڷɴﱻճӡ
ңõһʯЩʯܻ͵ģǴӺ
Щɱߡ
诺һǼһﵨӻС
ԼԶ˺ԥҪǣЩС
Ȼתһ룬ԼҲҪ¡峹׵ƺҲòȥ
ͺԥǼһʵڻͶദûкĴǺ
ȻɴŲԼǴ
Щź롣
϶ġ
ˣ
ͷִͳ
ʼ磬ˣҴҲǸô˵һܽܡ
ԥѾЭύһУôȡʯҲܡ
Ǹʲô޴ѰԼΪԽԽвòҵɡ
˵
Ц˵㻹˵ǲңȻ˵ģҾûʲôõĵˡ
ƽؿһۣõ

ͬʱ
ܶǵĳլС
һȺŮΧڻɫ࣬Щʹ
Ѿҵˡ
ϵڡ
ճΪռҼͬжʮ
ȻһģݿΪᣬ˵ʮͷҲΪ൱˹޺
û˸С
ճһ˵һ߽һͼƬͶӰС
һģļӰϡɼһڷŮԵӰҴææ߹
Χͷ׵ĵƹĽС
ϴźڸֻ棬°ڱ紵һأ¶һζ๦Լҵĸ൶ǹе
һƬ
ӣͨϵͳͬضεļرڲͬС
ճ̾һ˲ס
ǼҵҲޣڻؽ֮Ҳµʱ䣬ŵõһЩϢ
оģƬ
诡
иҧгݵ˵
ȻǰμŮ
ҲǰμµģڻǰǸû֣ռҵҲôƺˡ
һɱҵĶӣ
Ǹİ𣬡
ճ￴һۡ
Ǹ˻һɫɷףĻ޷˵ڡ
ҲôΪ
ռҼ˵
󷢻صϢǣǼ诵ˡ
ȷʵ
û֪ǻɵĶ󾿾ǲ诡
Ҳû֪׷ٶȥַʲô
ҵֶŮѾΪ˰ǵĹӶӹɵġ
ճ￴ͼƬϲŭѱ档
仰ˣٶ¶˼顣
ҵ֪Ϣ̫ûչ˺ôŮҲüλֶֶŮ
ռҼһȦ΢΢¶һʹ顣
һ£һ
һ˵һ߿򼸸ܵá
ǵĶŮڰʧ٣˵ˣʬ޴档
ѾǰǣȻὫ
Щɫ˼Σնû˵ʲôֻȥˡ
գֻʣȼλ
Ƕϵǳ׽ˣҲû˹˼ɡ
磬ǿϳ˰Ҳܷһ
˵
ϢȻѾиȥ֡
ճ΢΢ҡͷǿòʲôô
Χ˳Ĭ
ƺЩϡٵܸȤ
С˵
ǣ統ô
ǰռҼճԵʮֺǹ汸ֻϧʮſûȫϤԼǿС
Ӣš
ûãճҲԼĴЩơ
ֻǸǿҲȶ
ƾԼֵܽо϶ճλá
죬˵ŮҲϡС
֮ѪԵŴǴڵġ
ŴܲӰ쵽ѧо˼궼ûжۡ
̫෴֤ͬͬĸֵ֮ܽ䣬Ȼͬ
ȻռֵܼƵģҲ֣
ֻмƣҲ㹻ϡˡ
ռҼƳһۣû˵
˼ͶµϲãǼɻڴҲ
ˡ
ռҼشǲ߻˵
ǡ
Ա˲ͬ˵ļϡеߣɲʲôĵĶ͵ǰһǹӶõó֣
üֻ˵пܡ
ͱӶЭȥͶЧ˹ͨˣϾʮ꣬Щ˿ǼΪ˵ġ
ǳ˼Ҳûн
硣
иһֱû˵ѯʵ˭ȥ诣Ҫ
ճ￴һۣģġ
һԵȻֹ

˵ͬص
˵ʹҲزˣ
˵˼Σû˵ʲô
ܿ죬Ƿ׷뿪˻ң˴˼佻˼ζ
ճԵŲй˾˾Ϲңռǲ˲ӲҪӻ诡
ǻ˵ЩŲɲȫ
ƿصҵɷݡܶǵĺլԼճ˽˷ɴ
һ˫ŮѧУ֪ٴΣǵĸӵһҼֵʮڵĴ󽢡
Щճԡ
仰˵Ҳ诲Ŷԡ
֮λǼĹأҲӦΡ

ռҵĺլ԰
ͤżŮװ£ʲ
мŮ̧ͷ˿ҷ
ƵĴĻ̾˿Щ
ôˣ񣿡
˿ѯʵ
мռҼŮ
źɫɫòΪ£һзȹװԵº͡
ҡҡͷ˵233ǵ˹Ӷ֪ôֵطӦûǳɡ
δ䣬ԱиɫͷٿȻվ
ҲֻжʮͷģʮƽЩ
233ǣ
ҷ˵ĺ⡣
Ѿҵ𣿡

˿ס֣
𼤶ְȷʵס޷׷ݣȥƶ񡣡
ҷһҲûѣֻסԼ
Ȼ£ϾͻСӦֻˡ
˵ǧҪȥ

ǡ
½
ĳֽһҵӲƷ̵
װЩ¾ɣϰڹ̨棬ȫϢ۾Ӱ
һűƿи߽ϰ壬
ϰժ۾ؿ˹ȥôˣ
治֪Ϊʲô𣿡
˴̵խĹ͵ҵĶڽ˹ͨϡ
߹̨ϰڵƷƽǱֿ˲Сײϣȴûһ½ǡ
Ųӯ߹ְϰǰ̨ϣҪǣұΪˡ
һ˵һ̾˿ƺɫķ˿Ӷñк
ֳɫĹӿ۳ʵ壬һЫӵӰ
۵ĶЫش˵ߣβڿ˦
Ҳܺ˭
ϰų̈ϵĻ
ϧһ
ĻѾ׿ήˡ


22 
γź, ֿ¡ǵ֡
ؿƼ233ǷֲĸˣΪ¡ɭԶ, ˵Ǹ͵ֺеĺӵܡ
̫Թϲ᳡ϡ
żɭһ
ЩýƬȫϢӰǲһ۾ǧ򼶱
Ʃ˵Щ޹⣬Լи߼ܴԵķ˵ȵȡ
ӶŻȻ, ΪʲôںȻһɱ
֮, ڸֳؿƼ, ܿɭصϢ
Ȼﶼרҵʻ㣬Ҳܿ, ˻϶ʵͷо
诰ĥ˼żļƻ
, ѯǷ׼ڶʱ, ȴȻʾ
еʧ
񶷿γ̳һ¡
һ߾Լǳһ־Լ޽
ϾѵУԶаĴ, ë©
ңνҪ, ַӾͿ԰ĵɵǽϡ
ϷɫȽ, 10100, 999˵, Ǳһɱķݡ
ĳⷽܶеǿ֢
ǵѵӪʱܶ, ѧĶޣܵʱƺҲûʲô³̿ԡ
ս, ʱ䳤, Լķ, Ҳܽһ׾飬Ӧκλͻв
˽ʱʦϵ֮֡ҿָôˡǿ֢Ϳʼˡ
ָдڼ䣬˹еĴԽԽ࣬诱¶ҲԽԽࡣ
ɿʼˡ
ǴӶһڳ࣬Ҳᱩס
ⲻǵ̬Ⱥ䵭ҪԼ˭˭

ڷһĮؿͬʱתõñסĵУȻײһ¡
֮ǰô˵ģʱӦʲô
诱ǵֳֵײʱֲס˫֡
ͼ˳ǰ̣ػж󳷿ͷ̧
ڸʲôһڸҵ

ĬĬ죬Ҹոջˣһڱˡ
һ룬űһ¡
Ҳվ컨ϡ
Ȼһ䵭սϰ߶ô£
Щ顣
ϾûܹϵͳѵȫٶȣԼܵ˲ԣϰȥÿһս
ƴܵһд͸Էʺ
ںͨ˸ɼܵʱƵ·ֱԲˬ
ʱˣҲһЩϰߣشɱΪĿ꣬ڴ˻ϲϧκδۡ
۵ȻָԼˡ
㲻ÿζʲս
ն˵ϣͿˡ
Ȼ
̷񶨵˼ҲԶЩɳԱɼܡһսǿߣҲһֱȥ
Եؿ
˵Ȼ㶼֪Ϊʲôϡá
ϰһѵġͷھ͸ģ
ޱ顣
Ѿˡ
š
ڷ͵͵˵
һ룬򻮳Բ簵ɫİ֣һֵĸ첲϶Ҫ࿹ķâ
⵶۲ĸУȴӲͬתһ㣡
߲ͣࡣ
课һ亹
ֻҪǰͿ͸߹Ƿ϶ֱӶࡣ
ɣˣ
诣ࡣ
ȻһٶȣԲ׽Ȼ˼
ɣ
诣ԡ
ʵ󲿷ʱҪĶǷӦͽ࣬βбУڶʱѡЧʵս
ΪֹԷչʾжܻԭ
ǿ꣬Ҳʹʽ
ǷλƲϷǳҲǿ
֡
ɿһĻԭһž߬ôôǶȣ
һҵ⣬һΡ
ظ˼ʮ飬ǿ⣬ֱʧԭأƺˡ
Էɣعһ¸ղŵĶȻʼһһظֱһǧΡ
Ƶճ췢
Ҽǵǰ㻹ңҿ϶ġ
诼װίôˣ
ǵѵϵ𣿡
诣ʲôܿѧǿ֢𣿡
ֻǻѧ߱׼
ȷʵѾˡ
请˼
Ҳ
Ͼʱ˿º֣Ҳһ棬Լضڶ̫
ѵӪܵľĽ̵ټϴҶˣֻҪȱ첲ȣҲûʲô⡣
οԼˣʲôƤգۼѪ
һʹˡ
Ȼ˭ôء
ҲлȥʲôѵӪ϶ҲᱻĽ̹ɡ
֮⣬Ϊ˵飬ѡ񻻻һš


бԵƶߵشխСˮͷؾߣĴȳϢ
ȫǶֵ⡣
߷һĵˡ
ҵ⡣
Ȼһ

õסĵôõ磿
ⱬѿ
˸ǰصˣǰڡ
ʮˮĵϣڷĳ
ˣˣǵСһ̵ֱ档
诸оˡ
ȻֻȨ֮ơ
һ죬ԼһţƩһ١
ʲôԺǿ
Ҫġ
说ڣո׼;ЩԾ
عͷ
谵СͷһݳӰ
ð
գգ۾ײ𣿡
ڹӶ֮䣬ײָͨӶ˻ΪԼҵĹ˫ҪΪչս
Ʃ˵һɱĶһҪĶ
иƵֲͬ
ΪһծɷһƱˣҲǹķԸ
ԭǡǲǮǾͰֵǮĶߡ
⻰ɲǮʹǣ߲Ǯʹǡ̶ɹӶ
ǰ£˺ײҲȫ⡣
ЩǷծˣİɳԱҪǰǱƼˣȫóɱծծ顣
߻ǮһӶùӶѹĴ
诣ҾͲ˵ʲôͲҪǮķϻˡΪ֪Щ˱Ͳ㻹Ƕ붼Ǯڶĳ߱ˮķˡ
ڣҲǻǮˡ
诣ҵϰֻžǼ١衯ǮĿԡ
ɵ˵һ߽һڡ
诵ȻΪ˺ͶԷ졣
ֻʹԼľܡ
ԴڣͿʼ˵ԽۻЧԽֱԷȫơ
ȻֻǼƻ֮һ
ǺԸͶԷһܵġ
ڵ˶˶Ӱ߳
Ǹ԰ˡ
һͷɫ̷ƽƵ㣬Щ
诡
ҷЩĮؿһۣ㻹ǵ𣿡
£εѹС
档
Ǹ֡

读һãȻ֡
ȴ˼
֪
һ˲䣬诶ǲԼĳƺ󣬺ͶԷʲôϵڱɫϵ
Ȼתһ룬ǸտأҲϲݰͰ͵ӣôԼ͡
ء
ǺҲԲܡ
ǻϵˣ
ǰʱǰܾ״̬춼û˵ƺҲԼ֡
аŮ̳Լϲʡ
ʶˣΪ־ǰ򡤲ʡ
ǶȣԼʶܺԼֵˣֻһˡ
ռҵˡ
ֻǲ֪Ů֡
ԭŮؼҺҲĻ֡
ͷ˭
㡣
ҷ۾һֶ𣿲С㣿
Ȼ
һռģռҵ˻鵽Լڻǵˡ


23 
诣ȷʵˡ𣿡
ıܿزرá
ȻڴźĿ, סԷҲ
ҷʶŮѾˡ
ֻЦһ㻹ǵʲô
诣ʲôǵ, ֻǰְָ߹ңҺûѪԵϵǱ˶ڻǵģҲ¡
ʱĵ, ڳһѾ֪, ֱӺ˺
, ڶĵû㹻Ϣݻȥռҵ˻ʧȥʱ, Ҳͻһ
ΪӲƴδػӮ
ʱ˵
诣ԭĸĸӦø֣ǿ诰ɡ
Щ΢, ˵, վûô⡣
ŷϰǹӶݡ
ҷû˵ƺ⻰١
诣ԣʶǣ
ͣͣ, ǺȻʲôһ˼ּС
诣ҵĸĸʲôˣס˽˷ɴ𣿡
Щⶼ͸¶Ƶ˼
ҵĸĸǮ
ֵûô⣬뵽˻ܶһǮ, ͱ
ҷ˴΢΢Ʋ, г⡣
㲻ա
˵, , ƺ
ͷ
ռҵƺǺͷ, ˲ǡųȾģȥе֡
ڼ, ƲǹӶ, 
ȥ֪Լɱĵ, ıƺԼ
Ϊʲô
Ӷɱѣ
ҪôԼĸĸг
诱ͱߵȼĽģ׼ʱ
˵ҷٴοˣôҲǵˣ
诣
Ӧüǵ
˵δ뿪ռҵʱ棿
ԷԼϣЩԻ
诣ڰ߼棿
ҿûȥǡ
ҷ˷񶨵ܶ࣬ϣļ
诣ұӷɴﶪʱײԴˣʲôǵãֶˣָһܼס㣿
ҷɫһ
⻰ԼôҪһ
֪еġ
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ؽԶԶڰ͵ʮ
һЩ鱨ռϢֶηʤβȲܣռǱƺҲ֪Լ׵ˡ
ڤ˼һϣֱѵ˯ȥﶼǱɱ͵Ϯ
εĺΣɱִôñˣĳ췢ʧ˵Ҹ߹ˣȻһͱ
诱جξ֣Ѿǵڶˡ
ճﵽʲôɱңֱӳȻǴһʱ
ߵƿеİװҶҪʧˡ
Ϊһɱ㣿㲻ʧ
䵭سҲ֪ô룬ȷʵҲö㱧ڴ
诹ǣֻеѹһһɼܣһû˹ǿ𣿡
ܡ
˵ȫһĵûԶش
诣㻹ڴë򡣡
ƳһۣǿӮ¡
Щɻؿ
Ӯ

㡪
ƺ˵Щʲôĳַ־ǿ̫ܶá
ȥƼ׽

˫ࡪ
诣֪ʲôǹ
ʵҲеƣֲȫϡ
ͨ˵ɷκصĸš
Ʃ˵ⱻӦ֮󣬾ͿԶ˶νԼ
ȻǣԼҲܵģƩ˵һγԡóʧЧԼʧˡ
ڶγԡܡԼųɹ
ȻдĳЩԭ򣬵µԼһ޾޷ʵ֡
˵Ĺˡ
̳ϿۣЩ˾˵˺Ʃõԡ
۶˭ڱӰ󣬶ֱӻԡ
ָ˺Ӷǿġ
Ҳ˱ʾⲻܣĸ˺ֻڴ˵УʵЩǸ˺ʵҲҪ˫ࡣ
诽½˳
诣ΪʲôΪǵʵв࣬ûֱӽ

ɳ˼Ҿܱ⣬Ӧþͳɹˡ
诣˼ǣҲǿԽ
Ҳе
诣Ǻ޵УֻҪø֮Ķҿֱӷӡǵ
ɣû˵ꡣ
ĬĬ졣
ɣһ¡
۾
ղ˵˺ü仰ʴҲֹˡ
һֿܵԼȻص˸
诣ʲôо
ɣоˡ
诣Ȼʧȥˣ
ɣûС
ôоġ
ͷߵؿҲҲûãǻʲô壿
󲿷ҶûӰ졪ʵ̫ˡ
䵭˵һٰôϻ
죬úúãɣϴ
Ҫ˶죬˻޷ʹãõ˲Ӱ졪
룬ȡĿĿƿس̶ȡ
诣ǿȣ
΢΢ҡͷ̵ؽһ䡣
ȷʵֻʴ꣬ȿ
Ҳȴޡ߸û
诣Ϊʲôǲ뿪뿪̲ã
ԣԭ򡣡
诣
ɻС
ɵؿһۣʲôʱԼĸ
诣ƵһһСʱ֮ڣ
š
ɿȥ⣬ûӡ
诺ǫЦЦʵҲǺܴ
ɣȷʵô˸ࡣ
诣
үġ
ĵ˵ѾʲôĻˡ
һ£ҵĵ۶ˣǸ
ɣ̯ʲôǸ
诣
ֺϽֵ̼˵ǧǮһѣһЩҪ򣬾ӵ̯ģǼ۸Ҳˡ
ļ춼ƽ˾Ϊֳ˼Ҳûɱ֡
˳һ䣬νĹԼ˺Ƿڡ
ɸ˿϶ڣǲࡣ
诣ܸƵ𣿡
ء
诣ġ
С
ɺ˵붼룬ҪҪٱǿȡϡ
ǾȻʼʶҶûʲôء
͡
еԡ
Ϊʲôһ䴬Ҳᱻ˹Ұͣ
ѵֻҪЩµ߾Ӵ˽٣
̲ס˰бǰ
ǡ
ҵҳùؼѵ
Ŀ꣺ҹǺ˾Ϻ䴬
͵ȼ
ͽʮھǧԪ
ȫϢӰ췢˿ϴԱߣϲɫĿЩģ
ʮڵĸ֡
诣ɱ𣿡
ɵĻشЩģʱܾɱ˰ɣ
诣ȻҶûʲôоˣԥƻֲ֣ܿǺϣԥ֡
ڷ΢΢üҾͦио
ûаɣ
Լȷ𣿡

û⡣
ֹ˼죬֪ͨԿʼ׼ˡ
Ӵɭء¡𣿡
课뵽Լ״̬һɱĴѰҡѾҵֻڶҵ£
ǲô
ΪĿҪǺԥȥȫԼĻǲԼ
ɶԴ˲ΪȻ
ǾͿʼɡ
룬ãȻҸ˳ѾҾӦûܼơ
ûޡ
˵һʱĶĸˡ
Ȼûָоƿس̶ƺҲһЩ
ԼоԼٻٸƵ
ְɡ
课ӵ˵µİɳˣɭؿ϶ڼӰ࣬ȥʵҾҵˡ
Ҫ취ؿƼĴ¥
ȻЩͺȻ⼸һֱռϢƶƻҲü
ƺе⣬һֱڹעǣ
ǰһûʵΪʲô
ֱ׳˵֮գҪˣ
Ȼ
ɿһۣƺ˵ʲôҲû˵ڣֻǵʣʲôҪ𣿡
һʼûӦһʶ⻰ĺ塣
ѵԼ˵һͿȥץһߣԼȥ
һɶʱôˣ
ͷ
ӲɶԷ
̧ͷѯʵ𣿡
š
ڷ곤𣬵֣ߣҴȥҸġ


25 

һĹ
ѻϾɵĻ, ųߴһ
мϹһϢˣһԴ, ȥ˵ӡ
վżˣһͷӶʱʱָͷڿе˻
ͷȾɫǹе͵ߡ
ƹһҳػ, Ⱥǰͣ, Լɤӡ
ʩһĿ⡣
诣λѦң
һȺŮŮ߱, óվмŮӡ

˴˼̿Ƥ£Ⱦ̷ۺ;ƺĶ̷, ߹׺з鴮, ̡
Ǯ
ҧ̺ʵ
诣Ѧң
Ѧִһվʮ׿, Էװ磬Ӷ
ҲԷЩʵӸո߽һ·, ӽŲ̬жϣҲرĸ֡
诣˵Ҷд, ֻҪ, ߲ܣ
ʵû˵Щ, ʶĳ鱨ӴϢ
⸽Ľ, Բ, һΪ֮ӵ
ЩΣյƶߣҲǷش, ͵¼ҲһЩ
Ե, ӶӵļҲߡ
ûô, Ƭطͺ̫֮Ϥ
ҹں֮ӣ˵ǰɣ˵ǷＯš
˵ܵЩɣ֯˵ҪŸߣƩǰ⼸λ
ѦҺԱǼˣ·ķ񳤶̲һȴһɫڡ
ϻ߲ͷࡣ
û¡
Ѧ˿̣̫ˣ˴ܣʹӦ˼˵սҿֵġ

̧֣׵ĵָԾ
Ѧû˵ֻһ߳һߴ
Ҳż
鱨ӸϢ֮ӵӰʵǿƺҲǰʮڵ
ѦǺ֮ӵСͷĿ֮һպͺˡ
νκ߶дĴԡǰ٣£˵Ҳϲ˴ܵİá
㲻С
ѦҶһͷҪ򣬾ǵһ
˵ָָԱߵļͬǡ
˵¡
ƺ¼Բû˷ǶԾԾԵؿ˹
üΪʲô㲻У
СҲУ㲻С
Ѧֵȼһ̣ɣӮĸˣٿǺС
¶ǿܵı飬˵ġ
ԱЦһ
û诵ıݣֻɳé®ˣոտΪ޵С
Ȼû㹻ǿ֧ţ߶ᱻɱ
Ӷ·Ų죬ֲ̫Բߵĳ̶ȡ
Ҿѡ
诵ɨǰ֣״˼˼룬ͷֵܣУ
иµ̣˫ִ׿ڴóɡ
Ȼ̤ǰһֱ˹
ʮԶ
գۼԽξ룬嵽˶ǰȻһȭӳ
ȭͷδʵ˵Ӱƾʧˡ

֪Է
һȫļƻС
Ȼܱ¶
װԾӣ÷Ӧٶһ룬Ա㣬ֻԷĹ
ȭͷֱۣüͷڷ顣
۵ĵָ˲Ϣ˫ۡ
˵λãս
诲̧첲ȥײȭͷ
ŷ
ͬʱ׵ĹâԽۣѹ绡Ƥһɽζ
ͬʱ˷ֿ
诰ɨԴıȣ˶ԷһɨȣԱһһǿֲ
ˮֱӱҳǳӡ
Ȼٴƴһ

ָоͦġ
ǵʵ˵ܼࡣ
Է곤꣬ӦöһЩ飬ֻλͱſˡ
׵ܣֲ̫ԸӲӲᾡֱۣܿҲԼơ
ټ˫ûҪɱ˴˵ͼԽԽģһʱ䲻¡
ʮӣѦҽͣˡ
ҲԳΡ
Ѧһһ˵Ӯ𣬹Ӷ
诵Щ죬Ҳ΢΢ңΪոյĸǿ˶
֮ǰһʱѵҲԵرǱֻ˼ƽ
诣ɣλҾḻҡˣɣӮС
Ƕ֪ҪֳʤҪϸСʱ
Ѧһ˻֣ߵվãȻζսˡ
Ӷ
Ѧ°ͣûȤǣ
û뷨
ЩＯţɲǵӶôɣʱʲôҪʲô
ǳҲκ֯ͼɵ
Ϊ˱ǿڽѵĹУԶƴӡ
ΪҲԽܱ˵ָӺͰš
ȻǺͼ֯ǲͬġ
ϾԼǿÿҲԼѡ񡪡ͬżġ
诣Ҳϲ˵¡
ѦҲ⣬Ǿˣϵʽ˵ǻ⡣
ЩҲ͹Ӷ򽻵Լ׷ݡ
Ȼͬ⣬û⡣
ԣ˷֮κһ˶Ǳڵϰ塣
ϵʽ󣬹ӶܿȥѦҵҲ¿ʼոû顣
ԣ˭
Ѧתؿŵڿе˻ǣ˵ãЩǹˣһܡ
ԱߵѾĦȭƣ׼ʼˡ
һߣнϣӵȺ·Լ
ɷ߹ȥˣҺǸ˸һܡ
̧ͷʵ˵ǴһܣֻҪҾܸƵ𣿡
ɲÿɷ񣬡ȥԡ
⸽ؼأȻֱչʾƵ
ʮӺ˻صгĹԢ
ɲûйۿչʾܿȥҴҵʧˡ
ԼڴﳢΣԼԼҵ˸о
Ȼġ
νֻӾϵʧⲨù߲ܵ赲ԴﵽЧ
ڷʱоƤƺĳ
ëףƤչӿб塣
ȥȴҲʲô
诿ȫ˵ȫͷų߶̫ס
λƩ˫Ҫȷֲ
˻ῴһߡȱ壬ĳЩλأĳЩλ¶
ȫͷţֺѣƿȫ˶һѡ
诳Σѡ˵һ֡
һһҹνľȷֲǺǽˢһ㣬вλ
Ȼ󳹵״
̫ˡ
诵ͷ˿Լ壬ɷ
߲ڵʱͨЩ߰
ǵر󣬶ĹӶҰ͸޸ɼܣ课Ҳڸ¡
˴Ǯ
ʮӣͨˡ
诣ҿһûȫڴӿʼҪʮӵʱ䣬ҾҪѹһ֮ڰɡ
ţ
ڸּкǹԼҵ̮ͱըĸС
˵ͳԵɤȻ
Ѿһ죿
ƺЩ⣬ΪӦ˲ˡ
诣
˼ԭ˵˺üʱ䣬һһҹѾˡ
ȻЩʱ䣬ҲΪľ޷ͷ˯һϢ
ɣ˭һҪʱ俪
诣̳
˺˲һ
Էƺغһܶ˵һ˲õġ
读һ˲˷
뵽Լ
诣ҵ֪
ЩɣȻ˼ʲô¡
Ϊ
˵ûʾ䡣
üô϶
Ժ޸ߵܶ඼һ˲ľѣ⿪ĽҲû
˵ġ
诣ôʲôܵõ
ڹӶЭʱ͸ԼԵ199ţйص̸
ҲһЩܿ¡
ѧ磬һֱԴ˷ݡ
·ɱĻӦˡ
һΪÿ˳ܲһǶҲޣƩʮ߶ʮ
Ҳ˵ֻܿЩеһ֡
ҪǸΧڣôŬ޷ɹ
һΪκ˶Կκ
ϵ˵
ЩɹӿΪ˲Ŭû׼ûﵽҪȵȡ
һ֣ܱٳ෴ȻЩٶԷб粵
诿һЩºͱۻᣬͷʹѣԼʵڲѧоǿϣͷˡ
߱˵˼άСԸ񡢸ʡԼ󡣡
ƽ˵Ҵ￴Ļһ¡
һȻҲȥѧۡ
诣ڹӶЭһԱ뷨ࡣ
һ˸ǻߡ
ڶ˺ͬѡ˵
诣˵ָʲô
ɲʣõǲǾǼ죿
诶ʱ鸴ӣ뻹ǳˣԡ
ɣҲ⸴ƵһƩ类ˣ
ԡ
ɣԼʲô𣿡
΢΢һ
Ϊֹв²ⶼǰٷְȷġ
Լǵʱڿ͵һߵȷһˢԣһЩܵϢ
̾˿ʵʵ˵ʱҶ˽Ĳֻ̫֪࣬ԼҲȥҽԺҲҩ
û˵ƺ֪û꣬Ҳͼš
룬ϿһЩ߰˵Ҳ֪һֻһ¡
Լܻ߿ӵ
诣ҿЩᵽȻúиĺôҪȫӵоͺˡ
ݵİ֮Ǳƺ΢Ц
ҲҲ
诣˵ΪȫҪҾˣ
ЩϡŹֵĺܣѵҲģ
ȤǣδҪиͷΪ֪ܡ
ɣ࣬ܡ
ǿҵĿ֮ϡ
뷨˺ܶ࣬һûһģһ

Щ⣬㲻˵ߣɱ𣿡
Ǹƣ֮Ҳ𣬸ûкȫͬġ
ɵ˵Ľ֮⣬ҲԸӰ졣
课е棬ԼûܽԼԸأҲֵֹ𣿡
ԵҿʱҾ˵ԸӦҲȤʶ㡣
ȥ䵭ƽһ졣
ƺЩ̽ζ
诣ţѵ㲻ǷҵãЮͼָʹΪ𣿡
ɣ
һ˲䣬课˲ƹԼһ١

ʱ˿̣ǵһ
紵ĸɽɭּѩĴһƬããĲ԰ס
ɽϵǱһƬյأľȫ۷飬ʣһݵĴӡ
ſһ߾޴ʬ壬Լô׳һֻ޴ĺɫ֩룬ϡаɫơ
ֱ֫ۡ
ֻǸҸ⴦͹̡
ǳ룡
ڶһɽϣ˾ԶǱʬ壬Ԫ
Բۣ
Աߵͬ鲻ŵԶǣҵ죬A˰ɣ
ۿ˵رɱû㣬һ˻
˴˸֮ǰиļߣһֻԵøɸɾ
ƺǸ壿ҿˣ
ȻһӶɱ޵ܳ
ԶϹۿȻʼĶɱޡ
ˡ
ǵĶӳǳǵ»ûأȥˡ
˷Զ
һĻǿ첲֫ĩˣָצץŲȱͷࡣ
ûгʳ
ĹӶһŬոտĻ

ƮŶëѩϸǶ£ֽʬһ˪ס
ɿŵصʬ壬ŶԴԴϴϻ˵Ľͣץʬ˲ʧ
ȻصӶЭĴ
ʱ䣬Э˲࣬ȻܻЩĹӶ
Ƿ׷׵Ѫɫؿʬ壬Щڸʶ½⡣
ɾֱһֱȺĹҶˣ໰ѸٽǮ
˦ʬ뿪Эᣬ½ֵİ
ðɣԸġ
ĺϻ˵Ͼҡ
ĴѪϢ
һ
һ룬һӰƾճڸղŵĵط
ϵȭա
ȭɨ֮ˮשǽһĹκۣзﳾ֮С
ȷϹʵ
Ǻϻ˴򲻹֡
ڷ۵ûʲô
һվţȥȫɶԷһ
͵ϮȫסȻϱѵĴ죬Ƶ춯ž಻
ĴѪҺ
գۼ䣬͵Ϯֽžϵصڵϣӹⶼ˺ѣ޷Ųһ¡
ɰ˰
Ȼڴϻ˵Ľͣ㲻ҵҷסҶָңˣ˲ƣʡʱ䡪
ɨһ۵ϵķˣЩΪΪܺá
š
̾ǿЦİе
û˵

гĹԢ
ŶٴΰƺֻϸĦѩ
͵ػͷ
Ȼûˡ
˿תͷ
Ȼ˲᲻صһǡ

诲һǵȭҹȥ
ͦ۵ģҲ粻ˣѹס˼ֱ̧ۡ
˭ʲ
ߴĺڷվڱ˫̵䵭ƺЩЦ⣬㿴ȥŵ©һ
诣˵˭Ƿأ
ɴӣҡҡͷ
诣
Ϊʲô
ȷ˲Զ
ذһۣ֮ȻҲǲ־ˣҪ˵ûʲô⣬ţ϶ңϾҲֻɫ
ɣ⻰ȥǳ⡣
ʼ磬ҪʵǶ԰ɡ
֮˵ЩҲΪԼȷʵܵһЩô
Ǵ뾡ȥԷºԹԵġ
诣ѽ֮Ȼĺأ˽Ҷѣ԰ҵˣǺģ˵ĻҲô룬ҲҲϾҲ
ˡ
ɱ鲻䣬ҾǸˣĳЩŻѿڶ
诣㿴˵ģĻǲô롣
Щȫɢ
ɣڱΪж
ճ˼䣬ɺȻͣһ£һԼ顣
ڿһ
ʲôӰеˤڹĴʯϣЩֵĳײ
诵ͷ˿һɵ˵ˡ
̱ڵϣʹ࣬Ѫɫǻкֱˡ
ɣɱ˰ɣ֪ΪʲôȽңһʲôʵԼʡ
סͷֻɡ


26 
ɱֵĶʵ
诶һϢԱߡ
ûۿս, ҲоԷĹͷǶˡ
Ͼ嶼һ̲ڵϣǹǼȻ̬
۱Ƿ־д, ȴֻңԼ˸鷳
诺սҲ̫ʱʱ̿һɱ֣һʵǿԼɱ֡
רעؿɱ, ʼ
˵˼仰, еԼԼк, ʼ⡣
ΪʲôҪȥɱ
ɱʹ಻ѣȻûٵ, ͵͵һ, ҪǲɱˡλүС㡭
ĺδ, δƻ˵Ƕ϶
ȴҲˡ
һǵĿģɱԼ, ŻҪ˳̽һ˭ɱĵˡ
ճΪռҼ϶ҲҪֶ, ܵһ
Щ˿϶Ҫһ, 㰭ճı²̫, Ҳա
诣ճûи, Ϊʲôɱң
ɱֳ־, ƺֱӺ֡
ЩʲôƩǲһֱǵԼ, Ҳ˵, ֻܹԹԻشԷ⡣
ɱ֣ûС
ռҵĹϵ, ֪ǸӶ׷ɱճ
Ժ͸ռˡ
ˡ
Ǹɱֶĸ϶Ҳ֪ʲôܡ
Щͷʹָָɣôҵģ
ƺʮָӣɱ˵˺ü仰ǿ
ռҼؽ𣬴鱨õһЩϢ诣Լ񾭳ûһЩص㡣
ܻȡ͵ȵȡ
ΪԢÿζɴȥԱס
ټһͬڼһ¹ӣټԶǹӶȥǶѵӡ
ҪǣǸĽɫɲǡ
诣
ЭעӶУA࣬AӶԼĶ顣
ҲУͦ
һģĲӰ鱨Ҳ֪˭֪ϲʲô
ңԶƫƧǿ޲нܸߵġ
ɱ֮󣬵õЩ鱨ȥЭעһӶݣȻʱʱ̹̿עƽ̨ϵ
ÿ˽ӵĸѶ񱻽ȡɱ־ͿʼЭﶢҡ󲿷ʱӶʬ
ֻǣĹӶȻֹһˣòײ
诼ֱˡ
ɱּᶨΪǺϵ¹ϵ
ҵסҡ
ɱֲòȥˡ
诣Ҳܰɣ֪AӶҳ壬ôŵ𣿡
ɱҡҡͷұܣһ˲䣬ҡҲ֪Ϊʲô;ɱ
̧ͷ˿ɣӰ
΢΢ס
诳Ĭˡ
ɱּ⣬ûõʲôõĴ𰸣ɱԽֱˡ
˵ʵռΪƷݵĴ壬ŰŮŮϺȡŮΪ顪ҲΪչʾŮ
ǶȣǲʲôرֵĴڡ
ճкǿĻ£Ҳڵ۹֮󣬻첻ʲôӣĥŽŮ͸ĳе鸾ô
Ȼ֮ûɹҲհǰ˺󣬲ȷҪŮ͸˭ԥԥţŮ͵۹Ԫ˧ˡ
ճﷴּɣֻŴ̵ôҲµԪ˧δһңҲֱ̫Ӵдϡ
Ůȫ˸Сˮճɴޡ
ֱӶƣԼҳչֳŹµĴ̬Ů˭֪ͲǸöЩߵ¡
ݺһѾ
ճŮҲһǲΪĽɫӸǸɫѬĵĶ񶾷
ôһ룬ռɱֶλҲܸߡ
ҾȻΪ˯ž
Щ㱵˵ʵҲһˮƽ̱ɡ
ɣ
ĵҲǺ޵
ǲܸŵĵ£ɱ֣ܼʻǺܸߵġ
ûаοֻͶһ
ʼ磬ˣһ˸ǿҲҪץʱˡҲ֪Ǵʶ鱨ӡ
ҼЩףֻƭǮ
һ䣬̧ͷߵˣûʶĿ׵ˣҽ
ɣʶ٣û׵ġ
诣ˡ
źڷӰʧڴ
ҲԼԻָֿʼ
ɣܸоȻֻ΢Ĳ𣬵ԼĽȷʵһαһο졣

ʱ˿̣γǧ֮ɭһɽŴĻشţ򿪡
ΧӳطïĳľڵԶĿ̽ڹϵҲĵڡ
ԥ·˵ĽŲ˽ȥ
ڲΪȻɽĽṹĴҫװ겼ʮִΪԵúܿտ
ǴӰĴ
ӦѾ֪ʲôطˣǹӶЭĲҵڲԱѵء
ǰ·˹ϾӶЭḱ᳤˹æûʱܵ
һۣ˵Ҫ弶ߣһЩѣ
ԥ˵ͷ־˵̫׵ֻǹļĿˣҾ弶кܴľ롣
ÿɷû˵ֻǻܡ
ЭעӶУļߣлᱻټ
⵱Ȼһֺ˵
ʵǣЩڹӶЭ˿ˣڿ˹й¶ܣЭ֦
һͬˣӴ˳ΪЭĹˣǸһֱӽʯţΪ˹ͨЧ
һ֣ܻᱻƼѵԱ
Ȼͨ弶˵ߣͲҪˡ
Ц˵Ȼû
ʲô˼
ϲ弶ߣ
˵弶ߣֻ˼ûпˣ
ԥ̫ȷؿһۣҲûʡ
ǵˡ
ǽһܰڵѵϿտյģԱ̨
̨ԱվһŮˣĸò㣬ͷԣ˼ӣ̧ͷ֡
Ǻá
ڿԷ˲䣬ԥסˡ
ϺãС㡣
æԷк֪ˡдܣ᳤Ϊ
Ǻѵʱ򣬺ԥŻع
次
Ϊͽˣɱͨ
Ҳ˵һЩķＯţ˰͡
ͣ۰˰Ԫ

ԥҪ˰ڡ
ֻǾ𾪡
һͲɱˣλֻأǰͽǣǾһĸˡ
ȻͶ˹ͨ壬ҪָԼ
ּĸ֣ڱ֯УͨᱻίΡ
˹ͨ徿£˶ٸ֣ҲʹһֻΪʦ

欺֣һᡣҲһֱ뿴˭ôӣҽټҹǺĻĸ
ˣԥҲʲôˣֱӱ˴
Ϻš
Ŷ
ЦЦҪץʱˣϾҲǸرļһ
ԥһ
˹ͨʯҲӻ˼Է⻰ȥ񡪡
һʹˣҲֻ³
ͷһۣƺЩȻǺðɣˣһ̸̸
ԥѾɵΪʲôɱˡ
ҹǺ˾Сⱳǣӵ¡
ԥʶ𣿡
㲻ʶ
欺˵ڸ˹֮ͨǰǸͽˣ֪ͨ
ԥ
ͨ
Ҫ˵κ˶ܱͣб˻ţС
ͨ
ɲǵһ˵⣬ҪΥҼ͵²С
ͨҪΰõ¡
ڰǣЩһΥΪӻ̣翪ײˣǻûʲô
Ͼÿÿ붼ڷ
ܺ߻ǮҹӶɱˡ
ֻЩƿǿȫȼߵϣֻܲŻᱻͨ
Ȼڰը˳ؿƼãǵʲôֱ¶ݣҲΪͨ
ҪǱ¶ݡ
ϾͨյģǰһŸģƬдζĴš
ԥıºݣʵڲ²һʲô
Ϊʲôᱻͨ
ʼ磬öǰ£ɱһЩפڱ߾½
ԥЩʿΪ˵Ǽʺ߾פǻǵ
ʱǸסݼǷֲ԰ǵĵ̾פӪزԶӦЩʿʲôìܰɣ
˵ͨ˵ɱ˽һӵˡ
Ǿϰˡ
ԥ
ʵ벻ìܣʮкɱٸʿ
ԥҹǺ˾ȻҹӶ
Ĺ˾ǵĹ̬ȷǳм
欺һ˵ɱٸʿɱͳøϷݡ
ԥ̾һ
ڵս˥ʽ΢ǰʢʱڵҲֻһƽƽˡ
λ¼֮󣬸ĸĸ游ĸ׷һѹƺͷΣҪ֪ǰء
Ȼкܴ
˵
Цһ±˶ͨ˹űȥȻԼһ㶼ںͶˡ
ԥȻҲ֪¡
¡ŬĸȫϢӰ񣬾ڰͰбţܳϹ٣ʵѷɫ
Ϊλԡ֮ţΪ֮µһˡ
ȻҲ˲Ͽɡ
˵ף˭ҲûЩ͵ĸǻŹǵսҲûʲô塣
ˡ
欻һת㣬һġ
ԥֽ֪һ仰Ѿ㹻
ô˵ĻпѾִﰵˣûҲֻΪԼӶЭӻ
Ϊʲô˼²ҹҲֻ£æ˲ˡ
欿һۣ⣬˵һЩ⣬֪ûҺһ£
⻰òƺܿ
Է־Ӹµĸо
ԥҵֻǲ֪ҪγΪ弶ߡ
弶ߵĿ˺ļƣҪָսԡ
սݿߵı䡣
ԥļ˵ʱ򣬿νǷǳǿʹǣ˵Ҿ弶кܴĲࡣ
ҿļ˵Ƶ
欲˵ʶעְˣļ弶ı׼ǲ͸¶ڲȴڹ¡
ԥһ
һб׼Ƿǳ͹۵ģоУﵽ׼Ǵﵽ׼ݲһ˿ģ
ЦЦļȴˡǵҪǡȿȡĴʣûôˡ
֪ߵҪԿʱֻҪչ¶С
ļҪȿҪͨսȥ֡
Ϊ̫ܵӷ˱Ƚӡ
ԪܣǿҪһɱܴʽһݻٵˣҲҪһս
欳һ˵սĿͨޣ޾ܻģΪܳڿ˳ޣмߵķ
ҿ˵ĿҲһɱǡ
ʱֻ˺ʱֻһʱڻ
ȡ͡
λƺҲһЩԲ˵ͳһ㣬ӵƻܣҪڻٵһƬ
ԥĬȻƬ̣ҿԡ
ͨļˡ
¶һЦƺڰʾ˵һϻ
ԥˡ
Ҫ弶żҪȫȫ߶ȵĿ
͵ÿռЩõʱֻܽڵ˲ơ
ԥ΢΢ͷ
һʱĶױֱʮףǧ׸ࡪÿ˲Ƶٶȱ죬Ĵӣֱĸޡ
˵۴˲ƶһ޷ıĹ򡣡
ԥӵؿ
˵˲Ƶ֮䣬κϰڣ˲ƻᱻϣ˻ϰǰ棬Ҫƹϰܷ
ԥҵƺǳ˽⡣
ɴһһˡˣֱ˵ˡ
ЦЦȻ֪ĿռֹһҲᡣ
ԥ
ⲻ
ˡ
йļĿˣǱ߿϶ΪϸϼأͶ˹֮ͨǿҲĹȥ
ǶҲָơ
ҪΪ弶ߣҪܵġ
ζţԭʹõĹ򣬽ᱻһ
ԥŵؿ
欺ϵַӦֻȤü
ûɼһֱġ˲ײǽòͣ¡⣬ͻӭж⡣
ͷĴռӦҲƣܲµü֣ûȤ֪
ԥ˲öԷĿˣԽĹ򣬲ֹһ
̯֣˭㼫ֻܽһˣʯ㹻࣬Լÿһ
ԥȻ
֪ʯܹͨ˵õܣȴ֪ʯ;
ô˵ĻЩչʯԭҵˡ
ԥԣ˳ǣȴܿޣȻʯȥɼô
΢΢һЦ£ҶôûҲǿռࡣ
ԥеʯͷ˵ء
ҲʶԼ˹ͨϵʯǵõĻر


27 
ֹһ, Ϥ˽ȫḶ́ʱѹ֮ڡ
ֱ˯һ
֮˿յϢ, ɷ˸ʾԼҪжˣڿʼ׼
û⣬㵽ĵ֮, ϵҡ
һ˵
ؿƼõͨ, ܽȥ, İȫжεŲ顣
Ҫ취š
说򿪹ƽ̨һֱֳִ˵Ϻӡ
ǸƷＸ˲, ȫǹڿݹ˾ˤ»ѵԹ
ҵΨһĺôǷ, ֻҪǰļ, СʱڱȻϡ
궫֮Ʈһɣӹ㿪һһͶӰ, Ƭ֣غڰС
ǶЩڳؿƼֲõϣýƬԱ˽˲ͻ߸Ȧġ
ЩĵĿĿΪҫһϡһмֵ󼸰ٿ²3DӡƵĹ⡣
ȻƬıȴй¶ܶϢ
ͷſеһһͼƬ
ִһ, ĳͼƬѸٱŴ
ٴһ, ͼƬͳ˸ԲȦ
ɫԲȦȦĳط, ɫȥ, Ȼıע֡
дЩַ, Ķ飬һܱʲô
һСʱ, ｫƻһ, صͼƬ
ͷ˿Ϣĸ, ʰˡ
ʱ˿̣һװ˿ӵ䳵ʻǹҵһֿ⡣
䳵Ϸһװ˻ųǹĻеʿǼ˸⡣
ֹһСʱ䳵
Ȼǡ˻ƴǹֵֵ
лߴ˵棬άװ˻ˡ
һƬУ䳵˾Ȼײ˻֮С

ʱڳŶӵ诣յ˿ҵϢ
诣
ЩͬЧʵ࣬ҲӰļƻ
һ췢۵Ůˣȥ˳ؿƼֲĴá
ʱ֣㳡ã¥ĲǽĻӳƣɷǺÿ
ؿƼһ˾Ϳҵ񣬶䰲ȫ˻ͻеʿٶȺܿ졣
Ҳҹ˾Σڰϣ䳵˰ײ˵ĵ˳Ʊģбٻ߱ըķա
ûκһҿݹ˾ġ
ٳؿƼĳϾͻΪͨȻߣͿȥ
诱׼ˤĿɡ
ȻʵҸɻʼһļƻ
ԼʹǶû𻵣ҲŪë
Ϊ⣬º⳥ҪģϾǾֻǽڡ
á
߽B¥ţԷ˽Ӳ΢Ц¶ŭ̵
Ͷ߿ݡ
Ҳ΢Цãټ˾ֲλʮ㡣
ȻǼһÿݣܹʱͨڣҲʹô¥ĵݺͷ
ڻԶԶ°ʱ̣¥߶ĹԱͷÿͶ١
ͣʮ㡣
诺⼸ͬʱ߳ȥǿȥ鲻ѣͶ߻߲ѯݵġ
ǰˣӺܸߣɫĶ̷ŭ
ƺѾһը״ֱ̬ĳ칫ңһˡ
̫ˣǴҶûǰ
˽ͶӰУԼ飬ⶫͣתжˣ
ڵһγ֮סءӦĳСǳǵĿݡ
ǸȽת˵Ӧÿʼɼٳٲ
ҧԼȥһˣǲҽȥ˵ݳǧԼҲҲ
ʾԼ˺üͶߣÿζǡǰ߼12СʱڻšһҲû
üΣ͵˺ü졣
ʮǰתʮһ㶯ûУ
զǰӵİĵȥˣ
Ա죬ƺҪ˵
ת㵽ҼңҲһСʱʮ죿үҲ˰ɣ
һ໰ȫڿ߿ݹ˾޴͵Чϲ˼ӡ
诶Ϊ֮Ŀ
Ϊ໰Ϊķλƺܺã˵ôö
Ա廰ûŻᣬΣĴˣͣһ¡
Ǹھϵתİ
Աæ˵
˰ɣ
Լֱ̡
֪仰ٱ𣿽ϵǣ˵ǻȥҵļȻ͹Ȼ˵ʮСʱڸһظһؼҵţأٹʮҲϢġ
ԱҲˣҲû취ϾҲתҲǱʲôⲻֻܰѯ𣿡
Ц˾ܽһ
ֱһλϣ˳ȣаʡ
󣬿ݷվϰټҡ
ԱĿݵţ鵽ļתȻ˸ϵˡ
Եһ¡
ڵȴʱ򣬹Ա˳㿴诣Ҳǰת𡪡

ҡҡͷҺȻյϢ˵𻵣ҲҸԵɡ
Աһ飬ս꼰ˣÿ춼ڷһ²ǵһγǡ
˼ˣõĴ𰸶޼
Ǳýͨˡ
Աѯ˼䣬Ǳ߹ȻһģһĻظ˵ҪȥѯҪһʱ䡣
ԱߵͶЦ˵ʲôţ
͵վȥ飬Ҿš
Աԥһ£ЩΪѵ˵ѯҪʱ䡪
תаǲҲűֻҪбžͿֱӲ鵽λãȻֱȥûвˣ
˼ЦҲȸʮӰɣҿԵš
ԱתⷬǱ߹Ȼʾܣʱڲ鲻Ҳûô֡
ǣǵĹ涼ǼٵĶ԰ɣĵľȫ˳ܴ䣬ʵϲֿȫҶҷţԽ춪Ҳ
Աɫһȴһ£ʮСʱ֮ڣһ
ĻҶ¼ˣǸҵš
˻˻Цһ
Ա΢䣬Ȼ
칫һ˲ӿˣŵŽǯһѵӿ˹
诸æˣÿҲ׷׶Զˡ
аб
ǸͶ߳˳ǣһѳ·¶׳ظ˫ۡ
ɫܰףǷŲңһɫէһƬ᾵档
΢΢ü
üһ
ȻǸˡ
ѾƵſڣ׼ȥ̲סŤͷ
ţٿһۡ
µȥɣݷӲҪˣǸײĵġ
صһţʯשʱӿѷ졣
ĥţǼƳŲӡ
ⲻζսܿϾǳؿƼĴ¥ƺҲӶһЩߡ
һһȥˡ
Ȼ
û߼Ǳսƺͽˡ
ǽҲȻһ
ʲйҲϱ񣬻ǧ˳ĳ̶ȡ
һξǽڵ谭Ҳ˹ѵ
Ŵ˷ĲҽС
ΰڼƷɣ飬Ȼǽ̮涼˴ӡ
诿ʼװΪ¶Ų·ûͷӬһҴܡ
ÿ洫ܵøһ㣬Ҳ첻ͨܲٶȡ
ת䣬뿪˼طΧûأѸٿٴγ˳ȥ
ȫûĵѪ״̬άʮҡ
ʮӣѸٿʼеƣٹһӾͻ
ǣѾάһʱıòѾһЩġ
ʱֻάָӡ
ȫˡ
¥ݷɿϱܣѸʮĸ߶ȣʮ㡣
ͨ׷ӡ͸ӹڵλã诺ɭصʵġ
Ⱦֱǰܡ
15:29:58
һȵľͷһŸӷİȫţؽʵϽ죬ſڻվڡ
ܿ죬Ż򿪡
˵˵ЦЦ߳ͨƺϵġ
ȫ߳ʱ򣬴ٿȻ£
ʵſڵıǺ״

ڿռʵʵʮ̨ܵ
иڷڴߣڱĿ
ֱߵĲ̨ϣһ̨ṹӡϸܵļǣɨϰһȭͷİɫʯ
ǿ龧ǳʹΣʯͷڲ˿˿ɫʡ
Ȼ䣬Ųƽ
ʯԶһ¡
˭
δ䣬ʯֱ
ڷ۵˻Ȼ
һ͵ġ
ɭεš
ԴӰ⼸Ƶ¹ʲ
󲿷˶ȥֿͷɴȡֱʵҵģϾľʯ̫ˡ
ϾǱھһҲֻһƷ⡣
ʵʵڲʲôǵѡ
ɭزôһƷⲻƤ͵߿¡ĲƲ
ոŶＸԱȥˣʵﻹʣ¼ˣȽԶм仹зŵĸʩ
ðǶ¡
ɭЩƣ˵š
һ룬ʮ׿⣬ס˵ߵֱۡ
ȷʵΣȻŲڣץסҲңֱһšתһȭֱ
ɭ̧һֻץסԷ
Ҳֱ˫ֱԾУһϥֱֱظλ
ǵƣɭز֣ͺѱ⾢ʮһ
ԷĶνˮһ㣬ɭʶе֣ȴҲ벻ʲô⡣
Ҹ˵ڶұۣұ۵ưײϥǡ
Ӳƴһǡ
ԷԼһЩ
ɭزΪȻš
ʲôˣ
ʵıڷ쳣׷׳˽
ƺƲкӰһƺʲôʮСͷӦѡ
ۼǸ΢ƶء
ס
һԽӦʱһ¥ҪΪҽ
ŭųȥǸͶȥĶС
ͬʱǽĻȻ飬˳ȥ
·ٶԶĿţΧż˻
诲ˤ
׹

͵֣ץסһȴ򿪵Ĵ߿ӲԼ׹ֹסȻֱ˽ȥ
Žʮڳ˵ֶҲѶȡ
˰칫
һˡ
˼Ȼٳ칫ң¥ݡ
һӺĳ󣬳ʮ䣬ڸϢһС˳
ֿһʱ䡣
15:31:27
ҼֱǴƬǡ
˵
ҲһŻңÿͺԱŸոշ¹ʡ
˵и£ͱǴʮһ붼ٵˡ
¥ˡ
ȻһȺ˻׷ȥˡ
读ǵУһµӣһȺһ𼷽˵ݡ

ʮʵڡ
ɭؿλϣǰƵͶӰЩƣҡҡͷ
ûõġ
ʱ䣬֪ⶰ¥жٷÿжԱ𣿡
Ǽ˵мʮϰˣĳ䣬߼ǡ
ʮͶߵķÿͣЩȻˣһ¥ҵܶ˶ˣҪһһŲĻ̫ˡ
ⶰ¥ΪĵӰأ˶¥Ǿһҳ˭ǸղŴˣ
˰֣һҲô죿ɿֻţӰǵŶˣǸں
ƵļŮɫѣȻи̬Ϊ
Ǹˡ
ɭЦҪжҡ
ɭء
и˵㿴ŶЩˣ˵Ҫʱ䣬ͬˣҪǸС͵ܽʵң
϶ǳЩԱţʵҴŴ򿪣˽
ɭҲ֪ҲڣǸɻ棬ҪӰൽҹҲǰһ
̬̫ɢˡ
Ҫߣ
ɭزͷ˵ҲһؼȥˣطٵϷʱ䶼ûС
㣡ôң
Ƶ˷׷¶ŭݣڰǴ˼ͱ
Ȼǿʼੲݵ䡣
˵Ҫ¥İȫϵͳ
Ǻǲ£ǰҲڷ

ڿ¡ĳԱǳܵڼ䣬读Ⱥ뿪˴¥
Ѹٳ嵽㳡ϣԼĳﳤȥ
ڼäָòѾ죬ֱ̱ڼʻϡ
ݡ
ſڷϴ
һֱάűòȷʵܴϳǰǻȫǿŲûˤ
Ҳļǿ
ǰǰӾҪ˽֣ͬʱʹ
뿪ڳ
ͨؼּҵԱĲ͵ַɭʵŶӵרǣԼһרҵѡ
Ǹѵİ칫Ҿʮһ㣬ÿǸʱ뿪ȥŮһ衣
ڸɷ
ɵǣʮһİ칫λãɭʵҵ·ֻҪ¥ʱעһ·λͿֱȥ
ȻʺͷӦҲЩҪ
Ҫһ㣬ǳؿƼķֲãԱϰĵطʲôܻء
ɭصʵңԱҲǷֲļԱȥġ
վŵߣҲֻΪ¡ү˽˱ڰˡ
˾ҪЩԱܷ΢İ칫ҵƬ
һ£˼ʹȥҲòʲôô
ĲлܵĽôס
ǽ뻹ռϢ
ҵĿǽӴҲɣתݿ⡪¼ʲߣֻһĻûˡ
°ͣһҪȻҿֱĳ
ȻҪɭأҪƳɭصܡ
ǸȻ̫ʺڹڳչʾҪܵģͺˡ
ϸ𰲱߸࣬Ӷӡ
ڣɭֻΪǸ֪ĹӶΪԼΪ˼׷ȥ͵
ȻҲֹһˡ
⼸¼֮촰ڡ
г󣬼ä͸ˣڳϢһ󣬻·ָһֱȥ˵½֡
ã˼òڳݵĸʽͣɴת˹ӶЭᡣ
说ӵȺ΢ƧĽ䡣
һŶñסˣǽϷ
诣ɵúãֵܡ
ת¶ñ¶׵Ķ̷ԼӢݡ
޳⶯Ƭ԰׷ƤƬĺۼ
ǲǰڳؿƼ¥Ͷߡ
ǹ
Լ˵
ˣǮ


28 
诵߻Է, ھһɨˡ
ȷ˶Էݡ
ùɨ֮ƽ̨ίϵɡ
诣, ˡ
˵˵ͷյ
诣е棬ǲǶԳؿƼԹѾã
ʱǷҲ൱ʵеġ
Ҫôݼ̫ãҪôʵˡ
ˣ, ҽȫĻ, ҿݱתվü, Ҳġ
ͣͣ⼸ȥҳ, ÿ, ɴһˡ
诣
Żһʯ, й˳׬Ǯ
诣Ŀݵô죿
ҡҡͷ϶Ҳˣν, һԵĶѡ
诣
һ׬λн꣬ȷʵҲν
ˡ
˴ۣ֮ǰվߵǸǸͷļһ
诣ţΪʲôô˵
ܸı·, ѡĶ, ͨԼƵ, Ʋһģһ
Ȼ, ɫͷɫҲȻͬ, ˶Ὣϵһ
ΪԼղŵĻӶԼʱֳ, ⵹û⡣
, ʱķÿкüλ, Ϊʲô϶Լ
о
˲˼ػش𣺡ǵĸйٱҪΣյķ棬ʱһֻкͷǸ֡
е⣬𣿡
ӵʱĴ򶷶˱ҪǿһЩģܷ
ţԺ˲һ
ðɡ
诣׷Щˣ㶼ѵˣ
ںЦЦûɱˣҲ˼һ£׷ңֻ˻Ǻܺô
ʾڰÿ춼УǳؿƼĴ˾ؽЧʶܸߡ
ʲôٵȰ칫ңȥַӸָ
ûˣ
´˶ñְ˰Ƕɢ´ֻǵúҡ
诶࿴ۣð
뿪ˡ
δ
ƽ̨ɹ׺Ȼͨƽ̨ϵ
ֻʱûĺʱȥʶѡ
ݺ͹ӶǷֿģʱҲٹˣټϸոҲû¶Լò
ҲǸ˭Լ
һԷݣֻ֪Լ
ǶûмӶԻȥٱԺˡ
Ȼ¡ܻȡ޴棬ῼǡȻͻصһ˽̫ˣʹ鱨ȥ¡Ҳδҵ
ӶЭƽ̨ϣ·ֳ࣬һۣչʾݡ
һͨǴծɱ޵ȵȣǿ԰ϵģʹɱˣͨҲİɡ
ֻԹӶ˵Լн꣬ݣҪ׷͹Ӷ˽Эˡ
ֻ˶Ŀ˵ΪıͨǸַΪ
Ʃٴ˾ĻɱĳҪ
ɱɳԱͨȻɱĳǮơм屳ˣͲһˡ
ͬһ·˲øۣҪһһ˾ĻҲһ¡
ͨǡӶûڸǺݾҪ۵
ˣһԹӶҪȽϸߡ
Ϊ׷Ҳ¹Ӷ¶¶ԼҲҪDCϵ˽
鲻ĹӶӶҲױӡ
֮ԭ读ûӹֻһǸոǸɵġ
ĥŽûʲô©ȻյԺϻ˵Ϣˡ
߹ģ
诸ջ˸ӶЭͱ˼
诣
һ亹
ϢؽӽＸʶ𾯱ЩҪˡ
Էûйͼ
ǸЭƷĹԱһ£λŮʿ
Ȼò¥һ
ûͬ⡣
ûлشΪгǰ֮ҲҪСġ
˵ԼֻӦ˼䣬ǡ÷˶Էء
ðɡ
ԱЩΣģ᳤ת仰˵Ҳԣһʱ䡣
诶ʱ
ûЭḱ᳤˹ͺԥμ棬ԼɺԼƶϹ֮Ĺϵ
诣ô֪ҾҪҵˣ
ԱĬƬ̣ܿ
诣
ڻȫװڵʵʵ
诣ܣ
Աԡ
诣ðɣʲô
Ա˵˹˵һѣִΪһλˣ˸뾡뿪򣬷ᱻ鷳֮С
诣
˵Ѿ˲鷳
诣Ǹ˭
Ǻԥˡ
ԱҡҡͷȻҲ֪˹˵ԼѾ߹λѣҵˣλȻִŵҪ˹
һ¡
ƶľ
ԥԼƬǸչ˾ԱǼա
ȻԥƬ˹˹ˡ
˹ͨеļϵͳҵԼĳطԷ¼񣬴Ӷ׷Լݡ
ǣ˹ָߺԥԼǺԥҵˣΪʲô
诣᳤ΪʲôΪҲǣ
ԱȻҡͷҲֻ֪Ļ˹ڵ
аɡ
ɸһ֪ǸԼȥ
룬ȥɣڶ㣿
ܿ죬Эĸ᳤
Ӷ˼⣬δлܺ͸᳤ǽ̸
öԷԽӼĳ̶ֳϣҲǰݺԥ͡
Ϻá
说˸к˵ҡ
˹ʵ䲻ֻ꣬Ǹʱˣ˹񣬵С
á
΢ЦѯʸոλԱǷתԼ˵Ļ
诣˵ˣеͷԣϾҲѾ˲鷳עӶҲ϶֪
˹Ȼ֪
ܲ鵽ϢѾ˸׳죬Эߵ¼
ǸոǸ˽Э̵ģЭȻǳ֮⡪
˹֪ͷ׷ծɼܣͻȻǶʲô
֮ͬļţǻûǹ
ҲǸзִҽˡ
ʵҲʵйءȻɳϵͬ飬˹Ͳ˵ʵˡ
ΣΪԼ;鷳Ҳˡ
κһӶ˵뿪鷳붼õмЦΪǸ鷳
˹Щͷʹ
ϴѾԥԣԥԥ죬˵ǣҲ
ҲǷǳ
诣֪˭𣿡
˹ʣΪҵ𣿡
̯֣ʶͦ࣬Ұܶˣͨ񡪡벻˭뿪ֻҪϤҵ˶֪һ㶼鷳ҲӦòǡ
˹Ҳ͵õԼҪĴ𰸡
ǣʹǣҲԸϡ
Ǿͺðˡ
˹ҵѰһλţԭǡͨ˵ҲСĹˣȻǣ¼Ķѡ
Ժԥ֮Աǣһ㶡
ϵʱ˵Ķѡ
诣
Ȼ˵ԼĶѣ
Ү
ӻңֱѿڶһΪֱǹ
˹εس˳ǣĶѣ㹻˽
˵ʵЩ߶ٶ̫ЩAӶȣ׵ˡ
ɣ̬Ҳǵ
诣ðɣҶˣܲܶһ䣬Ѱϳʲôˣʧɢĸ𣿡
˹
ռ˵ĻҲǵ͵ĹӶˡ
˹Ϊһжֿܻᱻ۵ˡ
Ǻǡ
˼Ҵˡ
ǶڴɱйߵĻԼų͸ˡ
诣˻ͦùĹ
˹ݸܶʱûñ
ЦһҲͬ⡣
ǵ˵Ȼô룬ǵûˡ
˹Ϊ⣬֮ҵʱ뿪ȥ˸ȫĵطЩԼĶˡĳ׷ɱ
诣Ϊʲôйߣ
һ˵һԥĳ׷ɱԼʲôãԼûֵǸʯ
ƺҲôģ˲ûбҺˣҲ
˹ʼ磬ɣҵΪĳ˵Уŷǳײᡢǿĸ֡
˵ɣ
š
ѵպ˼ҵĻɱ˼ҵĴԱ𣬱Ҳ쾭ɡ
Ȼ˵ⶼһ֮ʣλȫȷ
ԼʶܴԭҲǶԺԥˬ
ǸֿܻᱨѵĶˣ
课Լǲֶ̫Ӱжϣǿ͹һЩã˵ΪʲôΪңΪҺ˳񣿡
˹ˬػشˣԡ
ĬĬ죺ֻϣĳ˲ȥҰˡ
˹ȷʵᣬЩӦû׷ɱ㡪Ȼҵѻϴ㣬Ǳ˿ҲᣬҲź˵ôࡣ
鸴ӡ
ʵԷܲ³࣬ԸϣҲϣ˵Ļ˵ˡ
Ϊʲô뻹ΪԼĺϻˡ
뿪ǰһ䣺˵Ķѣ
⻰еԾ˹ûתֻʶͷ
ȻͿŹӶŲȥҪ

ˡ
᳤ٴҡͷ
һߣ뿪ЭᣬմӴ߳ȥӭ˺ϻˡ
ڷ۵վ̨£߲ɫӰԽԵ޳ͦ
١
һش˹ȥ˷ܵʣյҵ𡣡
ƺڸЩʲôš
诣ˣʲôо
ǲڵҵĽֵϣ·ߵƹ˸Զżǹ
ɣûС
֪ԷĽҲ֪һﻹ⣬ִкӦı¶
Ǹû´ҲӦ
ɤӣǣĶѰɡ
ɿһۣǲΪ˱ҵľ֮𡣡
诣
ɣУҲҪѣǾʱϵ
诣
²Ǹ
һûһţתһ֣ͣ˽ֽǵĳſڡ
ǼҵװЩªȥܾû޹ųҲܿӵİ衣
Щɻ󣺡Ϊʲôͣסˣ
ɿһſڣ鱨ӣ㲻Ҫʶһ
诱⡣
ȻǵԼڱԹһ仰
ֱǴӲںӵĸĸȻһ
˻Դı˦ȥҡֱӽȥˣһҪ𣿡
ɣѼ۸ʮǾͱҵְɡ
诣
ҽܵ˻ǳˣ
诣Լȥɡ
ɲÿɷתˣ˵ȥΧ䣬͹һƿ˵š
һӻ꣬װ겼úе½ķ񣬿ռ䱾Ͳְڵúܼ˸Եӵ±ơ
ǽϻԴĻ嵥ͼ۸
ĻϰŸҩдܷźŵ֮ĵߣǷЯĳߴ硣
ЩڲĻϣмͨԽС
С߹ȥ
ѾС̬ŲΪɣȴһ
ۼֿؽסŻԭߵ˵Ĺ̨ǰ
̨иᵹڳϣȫϢͷ֪ڿӰϷ

ܾطЩϤ벻ʲôʱˡ
½ֵĵ̫࣬ϰҲܶ࣬ɡ
һ¡
ɤӡ
ϰ壬ʱ𣿡
˼ӣϰְ̧һͷĳ
û豸ժֻǱǸ̬˵ʲôԼȥá
诣ҪûеĶأ
ϰܵǾҪǮ
诣Ҫһ˵Ϣ
嵽̶ֳȣ
诣֪һ˵ʲôһ֪һ˰Ųʲôطļй˾ĵַ
ȻôɱҶŲһƫԸ
诣𣿡
ϰ岻ÿɷ񣺡Ҫ˶Ϣ
ǵ֣ˡ
诽Լ֪˵˵û͸¶κʵϢҪǮ
Էֱ˸֡
Լ˻ֹ̫ܲۡ

ͬʱһĵطĿĵת
֪ԼҪ̫ãۺϻ鱨ʲôϢʵܹƶϳ֪ʲôҲƶϳʽǲġ
ֲҪ۵ͷ
Ҳֻǽܸط𣬲Ժ
ɺȻͣס˽Ų
Ի谵Ľֵϣ޺ΪۣſڴżؼŻƷȫϢͶӰ
ӹЩתǹеֳ񵯺ͻ
ڷӰʧԭء

̵߳꣬ĬĬַ£˳㽫ϰϵʽá
ڵһԼ֪鱨ȻǻҪȫĻое㲻ֵ̫
ԺܹǮ
读ܣֵֻǼӰ
뿪׷һɵλԱԼҹȥǰӰһʲô˹
诼æס
ǸСķӣģ滹ΪµĲɫװ
̵ſڵĵƹͽֽǵ·ƣ˰װϵͼꡣ
ȻһƷƵꡣ
ƷλĻѾƵݳƷˡ
Ӳ·Ҳˮꡣ
ǹеӦоС
诣Ҳ𣿡
ڷɨһۣΪʲôҪ⣿Ǹõġ
Ѹٴĺӣҵϸµİװ֤Ͱ⿨ȡһɫָȭ̡
ĸԲϷ͹̣ɸߴȳϽ𾧸ִ죬ʹ㹻ǰ£׻ǽ塣
쿪ָԲִϸߴҲΪʡ
ָָ߬ŷҫ׵绡⣬׵Ĺ˿ȭתԾȻҲ塣
лл
ͷôˣ
֮ǰ̼־ҲˣǸ˭á
Ȼָߴ硪
һͯʱڣ̭ġ
ͷߵš
Ȼող𿪵İװͺ޻۵ո³̶ȣȻҲǶֻ
ĵ̯
ɵ˵ϲá
죬һµ̯Ķ壬ͦϲģҲԸȭͷ
ѧż಻ѹȽЧʣӰ˵Ǹȭͷ
ˡ
Ƴֹĺϻˣشոյ⣬·㵶һѣ˳Ӹ
诣
ͷ˿İװУǸƷƵĵַƺڳĳҵġ
гĵ½ְ
㾿ô·ٶ֮ģ


29 
, ܶࡣ
뿪ոۣȥռҵĺլ
ݼ٣ܿһеӭ, ѯһǷ˳Щǡ
ڳһƾɥӣȥҾ
ȻʵʵУȫݵġ
Ҳ, ֻΪûܳɹ
ռҵƲ, ֻΪǾðǹӶ, Ȼݱʲôء
ڰϻļơ̫
һ, ˳, Ȼʧ, Ҳҵɡ
ֻԽԽܡ
ǸһŶ
ʮѣ
߰꣬ѿܣȻûܳɹɱ
񡣡
ҷ˵, ллһֱ֧ҡ
ֻ΢ЦͬʱеӦ, һֱ㵱ҵ, ǵһμʱ򡣡
ЩǿЦЦ, ƺ޷ķͱʹС
, Ҫر
вΪȻ
öԷܸʲôĶ
Ҫܽɱ, ǲõ
ϣ¶ϲ, ͬʱƾܣ, ô˼Ʒѡ
ȻִҪ, Ҳ˵ʲôֻ˵Ǿϲ
϶ϣ㽫诵˵ȥңûֹȥ
Щж˵ȻûɱһǸлұĻᡣ
ǲ
֪£Ҳ֪ܵܲûɱˣǸӶ˲ˣǵ֣֮Ҳʱ˲á
Ϊ诼ӺԼȫҡ
ֻÿЦ
Ȼó诣ҲͲ뷴ˡ
ɱ诣诱֮⣬ԱҲûôִˣ
Ͼνĳ˲ûɱĸĸ
뵽ҲǰһЩ
֪ݣΪܵܽȻֽΪˣƴӣ˲ټù¡
õĹ߿ɲ
ڳٵ˵ռҼֵʢ꣬ȨУûаҪ˼
ܿڸףȻ˵׶ǲ˭мʹء
Ҳʮˣ¶Ҫָӣ¶Ҫ׻㱨׼
Ҳ̫ˡ
ˣҲڡ
ұ˾ܵĸ֣Գ¹ߣԽԼĻ诡
ִ߲ά֣ŹʱһΣ״̬ƺҲҪˡ
ҳٵǵ飬в͸Сˣܰĵˡ
ΪţҾĿԴˡ
ˣĹʲôϾȱ·λǸ߿ƼƷ
ҪһҴ󽢣Ǹ״Ӵ̳֣ȻѳҲһ
˼䣬ǹ诵Ĵ
Щ˼ظ̾һ䣬ȻܱǸҲϣɱϾҵá
Ĭ
ʱֻǸСҲûʲôģֻһʱ鲻ã¡
Ȱ
ҡҡͷֻ̾һȻת뿪ˡ
ϣռҼӶŮΧڲԱߣɻ߶һһʳİĲȡ
˾ٱײ
ô˵ģ
ճ￴Ů诵ȷ׵磿
ͷ֮ǰ鱨һ׵֮⣬Ӧûеģ岻˵˵սʱҲоЩӦǾ
ճﲢ⣬Ͳڰ棬϶ҲЩ¡
ԱߵŮˣռҼ˳ݣ˹пһ⡣
ҲʮȥȻòֻжʮģ
Ц˵ϾǴʹɩŮʮ͸ܵȥƴʵǾǸɵˡ
ȻܻڣȻǸɵӡ
죬⻰̫裬ͰѵͱǲˣҿʱС
СǶԴ󲮺ͲĸǴĵᷳ
˵󲮲ԼĵܵܣֻΪܵܽһӶ¥ݣ
Ȼ˵иˣѾһǮȴģǸ¹򣬵ܵ˵ˡ
ܵܵʱֻһСҲֵ˴󶯸ɸꣿ
ֻôα񶾣ǿԼҲ˳ۣ֮еᷳ޸Ǵﵽ˶塣
ûãճԾ⡣
һΪ˱һȺû̫ܵͨС
ǵŮ֪١
ԼһҲлᷭõճһС
ʣµһŲԼĴй˾ļ
֪ʲôҪɱ诣ȻѾҪˣҲرϡĶ
ϧײȥɱˣҲǳ͵͵ȥǡ
ܳԼǰҧһִǼһ˲ڽ£
ݿŮЩݵҲ˵һתֿԱרעԺȵĶӣЩͷۡ
ûôǵ̸ֻǺȹ˱еľˮֻһȭˣأ
Ҳúڷ۵ģòҲƵϿȻ˸Щаζ
ֻС꣬ոսϹѧķУ
Էǿ߹ġ
ΪյòãǼֻ˺ܶǮÿǿͷ۴˼
ʵλǰԺУı֣Ѱ˼ȻƵ㡣
ļЩСүŷḻԴźʱͽѵΪΪǿ׼
ʮ꣬Ҳ̶ֳֻȣЩòˡ
ռҵĹأλü̳ȣպ϶̳и׵λãҲӰ츸ĸΪĺʧ
ƫƫ豲⡣
ֻԼǼ̳ˣڳиĸպн㣬ֻҪ־Ͷˡ
诣
ǰռҴС㣬ֻһİǹӶе㱾ô
ǼƣһߣҲֻһء
ɸ˹ȥҲͽɱˡ
ôţ˼ѾƮ⣬㡣
һЦϲʶ꼶ˣУġ
ǽͬһѧУǲͬķУʵʵŵҲûУ
ɼ㣬ȵ꼶ܹѧ֣뱾Уġ
ΪУҲ˱̭У
̾˿ʶǼˣӦҲʶǵıס
ѪԵϵ̫Ҳݡ
ƲƲ죬׵¶ٺĪɭǼҸǷϢǶҡ
ճ俴һۡ
ۼŸɫãΡ
ܵƽǼݵˣһֱԴ˷ǳ
Ʃ˵ϴνܶϴ˵˹ٱ㳤һˡ
ء
νܶһ΢Цһ˵ֳܵ˰ҸΡȻŤ֡
˹ټװûֱӽһŨ豵ͷϣӰֶ
ں߲ҽеʱ򣬿˹ȻǸ˵ѽǱܰһΪǸͱܳúķء
ֵ֮÷ǳѿ
֪ǵܵдȣֶ̫ݣȫȻ棬ҲЩΪǺޡ
ˣǸǵǸһֱǱϵ
񣺡ôˣֵ꼶ˣ
ϴҼͬѧĽ㣬˵ǱУ꼶ģرƯ
촽ϧʱ̫࣬Ҽǰȥ
̾˿
ܵܵЩëһҲʲô⣬ֻҡͷ
񣺡֪ͬѧʲôҰʡ
ԱߵĸĸʱͶͬεʼ硣
ԼʲôҲ⣬ȥұˣǳ¶ˡ
֪
̻ش𣺡򣬽֮ţ֮С
ǹݣ
ռҼɫһ䣬˲䣬ҼѹʵɷԻ壬Ǳµ֣ƽʱ˵Ļ㶼ɶԷ磿
豱ĸֹһΣӣңҲ֪Ǹҡ
δʱΪϽ򣬲Ժ鳤ά櫡Ρ
ʱĺţ嶼ռҵ߶մϡ
սмȫԱʣĹҲά櫵ӡ
λûͬյݣȴҲЩѪԵϵ壬Щǻ׹ˡ
ϣǵľǹ壡
ճǳֻʣһͽȨָ˻׼壬ҷǳǣҪΪһЩһ
豼ײԼҲòΪȻƲƲ˵
ʶܼ˵һЩĻæվĹ
ڸʲô
Ӷ̧һ޴ӣſڷ߹ƺҪ¥ϰᡣ
˹ȥ
ܼվԱߣ΢΢ϹС㣬ǳᵽ¥ϡ
ϲͥڲһõԼķȥ򿪣Щ档
ΪǸ̫ˡ
Ѿһŵ˴ĳߴ硣
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ѵһȫϢϷգ
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ﱻˡ
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ü
ΪԼ˼ڿֻԼɶˡ
⵹Ǹá
š
˺ӣᵽҷ
ⲻƽ
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ѧԵķҲ㡣
ڣʲôᵢ£㲻ǡ
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Ц
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硣
ŸĸڼңҲ˺԰Լһɳ졣
ųĻţµ⡣
Ǽһȷʵǽ򹷣Լ˵ʲôûвӦġ
֮ǰѯʳܲˣҲҪϴθ͵ǸӣֻǻŮԡ
һڴӦʲôʱջ
豿ϢʼЩᡪĸǿȻԼķ䣬ҼʹĸڣҲδܲصס
Ҳⷽ͸ĸһĵģֻԼˡ
ɴѯʳǷзеĻԼ档
һȥ˲Ϣ˼죬˵ˣʱ˾Ƶ
ͣ̾Ҫλã׼ٿǱġ
ʮӺĳ߼Ƶͣȥת˾Ƶá
ɳϵš
ԶһƬˮҡҷ̲һܸ١
ٵһʦӰڷ١
߽ʱǸ˳תһ룬ǿɲеԼĽ
ﰵЦֻɫҲФԼҽ㣬뵱δżҲվӿԼɫ
¸硣
¶Цݣõ˰ɡ
ûûУ͹ҵˡ
Ϊվ
ʶǵԵʣû˵仰ҲദĻᡣ
豶̫˽⣬ֻ֪Էڱ򣬻ǽͬУѧҲˡ
Ҷ¥䡪
豽Ųһ١
Ǳߵİ۶λʱǮִţһٷǮҲڻ¡
ȻѧѧԳɼ̫룬ĸʼԼĻÿֻˡ
Ǯǰͷͬѧǰͣн֧ԮҲԽ׽⡣
ҲУ˷ѳ¸⡣
ЦЦȥɡ
߽ݣ˼лҪѯʳڷ˵£͵ˡ
ǰվһŲٻЩӷ׵Ůˡ
Ǹиһֳһַŵţǳߡ
ýڵ˸ʵʵ
һ˶ȼӡ
Ȼ豼ųԷȥ¥Ͽˣ²ͷˡ
ǰһüӲǸŮײӵ·
߾һ£ûվˤ˵ϡ
豿ҲֱǰߣһͷſȻȥǸиüͷ塣
սڼ䲻ȫ򵫷Բ𷹵ģȥӤĵӹǻѲߣͨĹ˾ְԱԳе
ҪȻеģЩײҲ֪ôֵط
¸磬أ
µ㲻ʶɣ
˷߻ʶ̫ܲãϾ岻̫ӣһô죿
ˤһôܣ
Ц˴¥Ϲȥȫûء
ؿ
ʱǸԶȥиͷӣԼİ
Ҳиһ΢ֵͨˡ
ȻùԷ˼Ϣ
ЧˣڷǳױŭҲױ׻
ʰɣұ֤ʱش𣬵ǳи
ǸŮ˽Ų뿪ˡ
ʱѾִ˰䣬ǰߴ򿪹Ժϲˣ˳յǸαװиĹӶϢ
صڣԱߵռҴү
Դײи֮豾ͱûˣ˵һеûģֿʼѧУͬѧ
ҲϹѧѧֻǺڲͬķУԷ˵ЩҲţҲͲϸ͡
˵𾢣һĴȣ֮УǼһﳤƯ˵Ҳǿǹݡ
֪ŵʸûУֻĬš
ˣ˰ɣ
豸һ񣬡˵ĸгǸóô
֮ǰ͸߹ܵܣ˵ĸĸ诵ĸĸгںŪͳȥǵԭ
Ҳ
ѹû뵽豻ͳ棬Ҳûǹ»ᱻ𴩡
ֻǳҲ׼𴩣ȷʵгҲûôעĳ࣬һҪ˵ĻʹСеƣССƯ
⻰ʵЩΥġ
Ȼܿ佱Լĳˡ
ЩȤƲƲ졣
ֵߣֻǱһ˺ÿЩˣ磬ǾͲڴˡ
㸸ĸҴʲô𣿡
豺ʣ̧֣ᣬճϼһˣٸ˲ҰͲðء
ҸĸƲˣҸĸɱ
̾˿˵һμǸòȻαӣǫͣǸ񶾵ļˡ
ɲǣ
⻰ˣҲǽһӶ¥
˵ԹߣճԾȻЩҴҪҰֹҷͷĲݶ߸ˣ
˫ָֽ߬Ѿġ
Ϊʲô
ǿƽ飬ɻʵѵǸӶˤˣ
ûС
û˵Ǹиˤûˡ
ΪʲôҪ
ûע⵽ԣҾ뿴Ӷ¥ˤȥĶ᲻ˤ
뵽Լ˰һٴЦˡ
ֳĬ˼ӣô

豳ǣʲô˼ںЩƶʲô
˱ۡ
ڻ԰ﱻ˰ĸױ¥ʱ£ܲ䡣
豵ĻģͲȥӶ˵ĶӣҲԼĶˡ
ճԣ
ȫûע⵽Ա˵ɫֻҧгݵ˵ϧǼһѾˣһҪ
ߣŮһҷҪܣ
ҪǸС˳Ƥֽſڵ۾
ѾҲֻҪͷǿûô
ĻȻסˡ
һļʹؿӿ
ѪʢĲȼ䣬Ⱦ˱еľˮ


30 
ܶǡ
ռҺլĻٴγһƬ
ϱй, ǹ˾ĸ߲㣬Ҳ޷ÿζԹֻȫϢͶӰƵ顣
ռҼһٱʾ, ȥѰ诵ٴ䲻ϢҲֻҵ诶ѵһӶ
ַʲôأ
ս
Ǳ˽ˣ
ҳճϵһṩ鱨ˣʹζһʼֵƵĻ
ʲôʱǼòˣ
żꣿҿ, ʵҲǿȥ
ĶҲʲô, ǰİǹӶ
Ҷ
˵š
ճ, Ⱥݣвֱֳġ
Ȼ, Ĺһ¡
ճͷŵϢ, ɫٿȻء
ֱӽȫϢ, ЩҵϤϡ
ʱˡ
ճＱҴվҡ
Ȼվɫͬǳѿ
Ƕ𣿡
ҧ˵, ңճûֵЩǲˡ
ճ˼, ȴվ޷仰, Ȼʵȷʵô
ǹ촰, ȻһѪƬ
һʬ, Ŀ, ֲ
ѪҺӵͿĨǽϣһѪծѪ, ÿĸצ, ƺ͸¶̹ǵĺ⡣
ʬݷǳϤ, ǵĶӡ
ȻǲĶӣҲǼ̳ˣⲻǿ豵޶ԡ
ճɫ
⾿ô£
һߣյͼƬʱ򣬾ֱƷӡ
Ա߼ͬѧ
һҸߵ緹ոսһ㣬֪յʲôϢֻ¹ԣŭյˡ
Ⱥ˸ǮҪ⳥ľٶΪ⣬ֻ𾪾ʲô
δﶼ˭Ҳ֪ʲôƢˣֻΪ̳ˣҲװһװ
οиʡĵĵܵܣˣҪٲһƢǿˡ
ȻǸӣǼˡ
ͬѧһۣ׷ױʾԼ£һ

񼸺ʶ뵽˳
ǲģ
ǲ֪˵ࣿ
ô֪ģ
诣һǸˡ
ץŷ棬ʯӲݵָۡ
˹ҲûסֱӳȺɻ˼
񼱴ҴҴȣտĸӰҪ˵ȴ
Ҹ߹ٴΣճ㲻£
˵㺦ǵĶӣ
ĽŲסˡ
ŭд棬һʱ䣬Ҳ侲ˡ
ôܺйϵ
ǰĵ˵ִ֮󣬻Ϣ
ڻǵΪӣÿ۵ӪҺסһɴк¥
ƬǵطҲò˶١
һչ˾ʱԱҪڷشҷƷұ΢ĩ
ĵطƽҲҪ߳ࡣ
读ܼǵСʱ£ôһֱôܲ취ϣ
οĸܵĶԻʶһֿܡ
ĳˣܲ豣Լĸס
ֻ뱨׶ѡ
¡
ճҧ˵ֻǻԲѡ
Ѿֹͣˣ
ߣ޸
˿ںޱ仯СʱˣĻ˿ӦиԭƣûУ
˵ڱ㣬ճַʽΪϣд桪
֡
Щѵؿڣʲôñַʽ㣿
ճû˵
Ȼֹһ¡
˵Ҫ׿ڸŮЩ궼ʲô£˻ɱĶӣ
ճǱ˵ˡ
Ϊʲô˵һ㻹㣬ɱ׸绹㡪
סڣ
ճﲪȻŭ˵һԣ
ŭű˴ˡ
Χһʱš
ǱЩǵɱġ
ΣճҧгݵؿڵҺ޹ϵ˵Ҳűֻԡ

ǡ
ڹԢƮϣһ߿Ӵһ߿ԡ
ֻ˻ϢڣϢֲ֧

ֱӷ˸
Ҿ˵ɣճ̫ˣ£ĵһ϶ǣԼĳˡ
ԭڣԥҪΪŮճһңֻ˵һ£ͷһĶС
յ۹ɿֱǹе֡
ʲôС˵ûдҲԼû֪ǼһﲻǺˡ
̫ܾ࣬ͻ飬ѪծѪĸ֣ʶԼʲôˣȥʲôҡ
֮󣬹˰ӣҲ
֪˵ʲô𡣡
ȻĳǹӶҲû̫øС
ҲЩĮӲûͺ⡣
˵ץ㣬Ҫĥ㡣
Ŷ
һ߿мצһӦһ˵ľԱһٱ
ԭŮõҲǵͶ񶾼Ʒˡ
Ůģ毺Ըһֱ滹ԼĺŪڼ˵Իʤ˴۽硣
Ҳ֤ʺûǮֱӹϵ
Щȣĺ˽ǡ
ɡ
룬ճҡ
Ҳ֪ĵڰʧٵϢҲЩȻ
ֻƾôһ仰ҲȷǲɱǣֻȷǼ˴˶ѡ
诣ȻҾͲһճļˡ
⵱Ȼǻѻ鱨Ǯ
ȴΪ棬ֻΪճһԷһЩϢ
ҲɱҲˣ
诣š
ΪԼ̫⣬ҲԼİɡ
̾˿ҪлһΡ
诣ţΪҸ𣿡
ֹҲļƻҲϵңҲңӶӰ
ٴ̾Ϣ˵һ꣬Ȼȫ벻Щ
òһѧĸ߲˶֮⣬ʱ䶼ѧ֪ʶˣĥô˺ô˺
诲뵽ݼã˭ûмǧеĳˡ
ûж룬ҪʲôҪҰæģ㾡ܿڡ
诣еĻһ㣬ȶͷ˵񲻻ỳ㡪
֪ݣҲ֪ĳ豣ѱ뵽ȷ𰸡
ǣճ֪Ůѵʵ
ʳ⡣
֪ţҲ֪ǷҵݡҲ̫ܼϾֻͬѧ
Ǿֻܲˡ
诣֮ǰ˵һЩ̫õ£Ҿٸ𣿡
û̻ش
ȻĲ̫õ²ֹһ취ҳԶԲôһ
֮ǰѧУиѧֺܶࡣ
Щɬؿڣ꼶ֻǰĸȷˣһһ˾ԼһǸǰҵǸ˵
ȻȻӮˡ

죬˵£ȴ̲ס²ˡ
԰ɣ˵òһ⣬ǸͬѧûָԼǱ˺𣿡
ǸͬѧĸĸͨĹ˾ְԱǡʶǸ˾ϰ壬ǸͬѧãĸĸԾûȥƽϡ
аɡ
诲ûټ⣬ǻ˵Ҿճʲ֪˭ֻΪͨͬѧ
ô˵
诣ֹһ£ǣ˵ǰ㵱ˣҺܺõ֣ճ֪˭֪ĳӣֱܻܿӽ㡣
Ϊ˱ֿԣȻø֪
ֳĬһ󣬡еأ᲻ճ
ֱ˵ȥĸôΪѵܵܵĳߣԼƷƷɡ
룬ܸܵ鲻ǰ£ռ֤ܶݣ֤ģܻ˵Ҳܻ㱨𣬻ɱ㣬ɱ֮ĸ˵࣬ôͿԸ񡣡
诶û˽̫Ҳͷһˡ
겢ûж˵֪ˡ
׼գѾúܸɾˣȻϾȥͬһطʹؼ¼ܱ޸ģҲĲĿߵļ䡣

鵽Ҳʱ⡣
Ѿ˱ҵʱҲˡ
Ϲѧѧλ֤飬ͦ߰ɣ
ʵϿɣʣǼ͹ӦҲϰɡ
š
ǲ
õĵȻǱУƾУ֤ҲõκһҵĺϷݡ
诺Ȼһ£жǮ
˸֡
诣ǰǼͿĲƲ
ЦһʵǣҵǮһˡ
ʾԼںеһ̯λϣһѺųֹĶУȻᴩ豵ࡣ
һʱ֮ڣ豶û˿ס
˵ôҲߣ˲˵Ҳܻ
ǰǣ˿ڻỺ޸
ȻûС
ҲǸҵĻҹ۲˺ܾãȷʵûκ󡣡
Щ棬ʲô
Ǹ˵
һħֹǴĥġ
Ž˵ֶΥƷ˵ɲתˣһֶζ޼¡
诳Ĭˡ
δʲôħ˹
Դʮǰħ˽׶ǣٵʥɱʮ֮ͳجΰĴڡ
һֱд˵ǾߵĿǣӵЧ
ٲҲԴܵӰ졣
诣ǰѵ𣿡
ڲ豵֮󣬾ܽˡ
ֻһεĶ
诣˵豵ʬ廹¡
ЦһⱲӶֻһڴϵʬ⡣
ȻҲǹΪ֮
ճͷһ̣һϣǻҪֳȥǵĶӡ
ǲܵġ
Ĺٽǿ߱ȱȽǣȴǵֲסħ˵ĹȫܣľٺָӹɥħС
Щ˽ӵˣΪ޷Чֻ
ϵĹĻ壬ҲǷޣƣΪ˱ڶӢսħɱ̵㡣
ħʱ伣Զǵߣӵеȴӹɵġ
ðɡ
˼⣬ȷҲ֪ճ
أ
֪
ԥˣľϵܣͨļ߿ˣƾҼšϺϽ
诣ܷ𣿡
ԣֻ
ɵķǼһ˵öԣֻܷЩƿغͿ̶Ȳߵˡ
ֻ
ҪԸƾ
诲ŶԸ񣬸οԷԱԼǿ֪ˡ
豲һǿ̳ģԴճΪ֮϶Ҳ᲻ؽԴõŮϡ
ʮʱ䣬ĸˡ
˵Ľ̸֮ڴڷ˼ԼһΡ
ٴ
Ļʾİն˺롣
˵һµ⣿
Щ׷֮ҲụƼӶϿͻƼԼ
Ҳͽˡ
á
һµװУܾ˿ڶƷףǮרҵծǡ
û˵꣬ŵһİЩϤ
Ǻԥ
诵Ȼֹ
诣
Ҵ˹ҪϵʽЭעĹӶоƬǼǣоƬֱӰĹԣ
ͷߣҲڲ֪ʲô
ֵزҲͲԼˡ
ԥĬ˼ӡ
ȻϴǸЭˣˡ
ԥûԳƼҹǺ˾Աȥ㣿
诣ΪʲôҹǺ˾ԱҪң
ԥҪҡ㲻ѯܵˣЩ˾ǵĴµģԣӦѾ֪ұ˾ˣһ𱨸㡣
诣ŶΪʲôҪأʲô
ԥƺסˡ
˼ӡ
ǲҪ
ԥ˵Ҫǣ㲻򣬽úңЩˡ
û˵ȥ
ţ˭Ҫʲô
说У޹ǼצλƵƬͺ̵Ȧɫʰ쵣˱ǡ
ֻ˵һĻûƾԲϺĵġ
ϱһף㲻ңǾ͹˰ɣллѣҪԷˡ
ȵȣ
ԥæ˵ʶһˣһϢͨˣһЩ£򣬲Ƭ򣬺ܿøҸΣա
湻ƶᰡ
诶еˡ
ԭΪһξ֮𶩻飬˳ʮദìܺĥƽЩмֻʣ̬
ʹˣҲȻԸΪǮɴ
˵һȻʲôɣֻͨΪҸж
ֻôˡ
ôңȰҰѰȥ
ʲô
ʵ˵׬͵ˣȷʵʲô֡
ڵԣЩѾûвˡ
乫ԢǱʩħһĿǰΪֹû˭׷ٵ
Ҫ⡣
̾˿һ죬ͱ˰ͣΪʲô
ԥƺУ㱻˰ͣ
诣Լһ°ɣʮͽ𡣡
ǱֳĬ˰ӡ
ҿˡ
ԥȥЩѹǸʱ䣬ǲһͱˣ
ƬȻǻϻչ˾Աա
ųڰǵʲôˡ˭ôŪǰƬΪʲôҪƶѾûôߵƬ
诣ŶҺȻһ¡

诣㲻ҪʶκˣҵʵǶǵ¡
ԥ
诣ԣκϵʣ˵֪ҵ㻹ң˵Ѿˡ
ԥʱЦãַӦ⻰˼
ʲô˼
Щ𾪵ʣ㻳ߵҪɱ㣿
⻰ɱ˵ضΪȥʵ̫Īǡ
ԥҵ£˭ҹ㣿
ʧһʱ䣬ӣ˭Ҳȫܡ
ԥʱתһͷȴŮЦһһ¡
ʲô
诣õĶǻô
ԥû˵
ǲǵã뿪ǵʱ˵㣿
ԥš
ʱɱˣ֪ӦԼ
诣ԴЩ˲Ŷ֪ǲݣ
ԥƺЩ㵣ô֪ģ
诣ɱ֣׿ڸҵģ˵һݵģţûСʱҾͱҰˡ
ԥ
ڻ͸¶Լϡ
Ҳ˵ѣֻΪࡣ
õĿʯΪԼʯ诣ȥɱڰɱʧֱܺӹͣƺҲ˵ͨ
ô֪ʯ
Ҳνˣ룬ΪߣҲûʲôëϾûǿ˵ʲôҶû취
һ߿мצһ˵ټҪԷˡ
Ӱһ
ĳλӶҲˡ
һժսףһ߽Ųͣ˹
һ˲䣬ԺС˵Щ˾ĳ棬ȻЦ

ɵͷһۣ˫䵭еɻ
ָָԼĹԣǣţʶ͵ˡ
ԥ
ƺ䡣
ţԥһߴİĵͳ㻹ھЩģȥɱˡ
ԥ
ԱߵŮЦԼɱɣѽʵҲνˣʲôʱ˳˰ɡ
ǸƺӦһǵòûаͣ㲻ȱǮô
˵úãˡ
ͨҶˡ
ԥޱؿ˿ԣĳ·һֿ˿ǰϢ
ҲԸ
ظͬ⣬ѯʱַ

˼ҵʯ
ҲԴ˸еףԸңԼ𣿡
ȻԺԥĸкʲôȤʹϡǵôˣҲۡ
Աߵ˱Թʱͷֱ߻ڵУϲҰ
ʣ첻ԷҲӰ죬ȻΪڸ֮м£˭ʡһٷ
ȻҲδζһԣȷʵǷϢȷһ¡
ţǽϴǸļצұһС
һźӣһֻͺף˳һûпйļצ
һһ밡Ϊ˴лϴΡ
δ䣬ڷȻҧһڡ
š
ͷ˳ĽëţӦһл


31 
΢΢һ¡
ԱʳΪƺζĳָܺεĹϵ
̫ȷǷ֮, ϸ룬ѻദʱΪ֮Ҳȥϸʲô
ֻ˼, 课Ȼˣûȥеĺ塣
ܸܲƵýľϵȥҲ˼
ȻȻ˵һ⡣
ʱҪȥļߵ
شĻ, κһ
ļҪͨ, һ˵, Щ˶պͿ̶Ⱥܸߡ
ҲζǵˮƽһΡ
ԶԶԼ
诣
课ٳٷϢһȥ
ȻҲʶ, ֮Ĺϵƺûʲô仯
ԼĻϵ
֮ǰϤ, ֹϵıʻǲġ
Ҳܺá
诣ǲǻһĿꣿ
Ҫαװͬʱͨݼ⡣
һɭء¡, òѾ֣һ¡δ֪
诣ҪȥӴ𣿡
⵹ʲô¡
¡ΪؿƼ233Ƿֲܸˣĳ̶ֳ˵ʵЩҵ
Թ˾Ͷľǳ, ֲרҵоԱҲҪɭһʵңԳϯֹڳϡ
ƻ, Ǵ, ֻҪȥڳЩƼĵط, ׾ҵ
ӴĻܶࡣ
, ɭΪ֫Զֻ, ҪͬʱָͨƼ⣬ԲҪ
Ȼȴû, ˲Ҫ, Ųú, ͸ˡ
ɵͷŹԲһҸ㰲š
Ȼ̧ͷ
гᣬ¡һᵽ
˵ʶˣʸǳ˻Ůˣ
诣ѡһȽװݵˣԱΣ
ֱ˾
һרŸӶͼ׷мˣҲǸˣ˽Υҩ
м죬ǶϵϰͻĹϵ
м˹ùҲм
诣ĻҪʲôԼã
ɣǮ࣬û
诣
һЩвС
ջû⻰˵
ϾЩ֡
ɣʱֱҪ꣬Ϳİˡ
ǰڳһҽ̻Ի͵ĸ߼ĳ
⼫Ϊͣ鲼źؾߡ
һ·վԱᣬԱɡ
诺ǲʱе˲ʵѹϢ
мĳƣǽʹ˸кЦʵôеˣ
Ȼɸк֪Ҫ£ֻΪǹӶ
м˿ȥʮģòƽƽüΪУ˲θС
ɿһԱߵĺڷŮܿͻ
֪ԼνĿͻǰһ֣˵ϣԺҲ
˵
м˿˿˸֣Сշҵ⡣
˺ܿ뿪˶ĳ
ˡ
ոյĶԻҽݽȥ֮ҵطӴͲ鷳
ͣͣոǾ仰˼ɣ
⡣
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诣ǲ𣿡
Ҳѡ
˵˵ʹѿ¡ˣа취Ƶһɶ
ûˡ
课ⷢˡ
ҹ
ڳĳƵſڣԻ͵ĵƻ֮£ɫɫĺ
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ǽãϯϰٸλǿɳΡ
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ЩǽڶеĤڲԹ۲棬ȴֻܿ䵹Ӱ
¡ݣȻĳ
ûж
һĿĻ
ֹݳƷᣬʹڰǣͨҲȫȻϷġ
ٲ½׳һֻ˻ޡ
˵Ŀ󣬱ǰ̨չĻ˽鱦ǸϡпʯǳƷҲǰƷ
诿λϻ˯ؿš
ҲЩƷˡȷʵҲЩ¶˵鱦ΣȻǼ۸ͷԳʲ
ȻʲôͽʧȥȤ
ҪСʱ˽βǳѹĿ֮⣬ᴩųּͬϡĴڡ
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Сʱ󣬵һȫĻˡ
Ļ¶޴ĺɫ֩ޡ
ȫԼףڵŲ԰׵Ļƣ״İɫƽԽɫԽ٣ɫԽࡣ
ܹ֫壬̬֩֫ȴֱۣΣмӡ
Щ֫嶼żӲⲿλ𳤳ļ̣С۾ͷǿƵĽצ
ĩ˵צѩǵ۵䵶
ļٵġ
̨Ȼ
ȫ걾ǰƣһı壡һǧԪ
˴˵ʬȰٷְ٣ûκˣΪղؿһݡ
һǧԪ
˰˱ۼ
жʱֳȫϢͶӰͬʱҲصе
˷ܵ˵ʮųһǧԪ
һǧ˰򣡡
һǧ˰ʮ˺ųһǧ˰Ԫ
ȤǱۡ
ʬкֵܶ
ѪҺ͹ҩãҲȥȻǺʬ壬ܾܿͻᱻɱ걾
£ļֵֻᷭⲻǶ˶ġ
ÿǮ˶ϲռޱ걾ʬƳɵްڼκεط
Щϲ˵ȻԸȥ
ڡ
ƺܶڳۣһȦҲôʮ˱˼۸񣬾۵ǧ֮󣬾ֻʣˡ
读һʬ塣
һǼٵġ
˵AޣĻʵܻﵽSһļߵĿˣҲB޶ѡ
˵ֵȼޣʬ岻ô
Ůʵ
ǰ߼޵ľԺܸߵģֻƾܻǰɣҪսġ
ֵֹܶˣôȷûһܻ޵壬ȴƻʬ壿
Ů˷ʵ
˿롣
Ҳȷ˵һɣû˵ȷһǼٵġ
Ů˷˸ۣҲЩ۵ĶʲôˣҺŪǣҾƵͻըɷˡ
˵
ֻǾһʱĸǿȶ诵ҲԲڼʹǶҲ
Ҳ𼸷ֺģɸɷ˸Ϣܽһ¡
ƶû˹ġ˵Ǹʬ걾ļٵģ
ʮӣԷػˡ
߹ɱġ
ֵͷʺˡ
ƶû˹ġ𣿣ɱʬȻôΪַըϡ飿
߹׷Ҫʬ塣
ֻͷʺűʡԺš
ƶû˹ġܲܲɷһ㣬ôģȫƻ壬ְĿɱģ
߹֪ô˵Ժͽ㡣
һӾ;ˡ
Ȼ̣ܽ
ĳܱԼƹ
ǽ̸һḶ̌
ƶû˹ġָʲô
߹Ҫ
ˡ
ʿ϶ʵ⡣
˵ʵ⣬Ҳصġ
ǱʬѾɽˡ
ռ۸ǧһʮ
֣˼סƯһ¡
ȥһЩ걾ӹѣǼ׷мתֵķãɿ϶õд󲿷ֵǮһ϶Կ
ƶû˹ġɱǸ˶೤ʱ䣿
߹ӣӣ
诲ŵؿϢ
ˡ
ֲ˵ԼȱǮ
̱һԼĽʺޣұʾԼһúöҪѧôеļܡ
߹ǼӾ׬ǧ
߹´ȫǧɽʮƽ׵ĳѨԷΧһƽǧ׵ޣҪ೤ʱ䡣
ƶû˹ġǵҲܼӾɱĿ꣬Ҿҵûвοֵ
߹ҾӸûֵ
诣
ֿʼǲǡ
课Ħᡣ
ȻĻﶼЩȤ᲻
СʱһѹĿ̨ˡ
һʢװķ˻ǰоһѾӨ͸Ķ̽
ǰѽʮֵĳȣڵƹﷴ貵ɫâ
ǾϼıУ޵ļǣǿʯޣ԰ǡûǾʥزǧ򣡡
˻ߵغиܻܺ;󲿷ֳϽϣһλٽָӹٵ䱸
ǧ߰򣡡
ǧ˰򣡡
·ϯ۷硣˵꣬˶ʼۣһʱ䣬۸Ѿ̧ǧ
ǰű۸п
ǰûôҲֻмɡ
û취Ǿ˰ɡ
֪ڣֻаǳϼǿλʥ򡪡Ҳ׶ڵ
ҲٲʢƼ̶ߵֱս١
ֱħ˽٣ս׵رˡ
ʢ꣬Ÿָ壬ൽˣҲŴССĦս
ȻδٹͻأҵսԼױĶ֡
ֻһ˲䣬׶Ǳħ˻ˣͳԱٵʮڵƽ⡣
սӴ˵ȼʥٵ棬ֹȼš
ħռʥ򣬽ٿħ֮κ
ȻǷʥ
˺ҵʥλã˵ɴЩҲʧ򣬶ҼʹҵҲ޷ͻħıϡ
ʥͱһ˵Ĵڡ
ʥʮŴǣԹжǣһ޶زޡ
ЩӴ˶ʧˡ
û취ЩҪҵʥ򣬽Ҫô޹ҪôѶ
ǰ̾˿򵽵ʥزûą̃ܰĶˣ㶮ɣܶԳƹҵˣŪʥĶʾԼݡ
Ҷ
Աߵ˵ĺ֣ħ˾ʲôͨ˵սĽҪôɱҪôͳΡ
ħƺֻһʱɱֹͣˡ
ʥ֮޷ٽ룬ħƺҲû
ħ˺ϾһʽĽ
սҲĪؽˡ
ҲܿķѣݶȻţȴѾЩƷٿء
ǧ˰򣡡
ǧŰ򣡡
ۻڼ
ǧ֮󣬼۸ٶȿʼˡ
读˼ħ˵¡
ǰû̫Ϣֻ֪ܹս׶ǻˣħ˾
ǰЩºҲȤֻúܿ£Ҳʡ
ֵǣϺйЩۣƵĹؼһͻᱻΡ
ħʱʧǵҰƺǵҲӰ졣
ȻǾʥı֮һһҪսҲֻգۼ¡
ʱ涼ս֮С
ȵȡ
诺Ȼʶһ⡣
ԭûдħˡ
ԭڵ۹ǰڣַһսս֮ųƽ
ٺûдģս֮£Ǽʺ⣬СС֡
Ե۹Ԫ˧ʱʲôŰ
诣
ν۹ǰڵս¾ħسġ
ԱߵİڵĴ뱨ۡ
ǧٰ߰ʮһ򣡡
ǧ߰پʮ򣡡
װģر˼۸ͣסˡ
˿ļѾˣϾûǮˡ
ɫѿվλ뿪ˡ
ֻΪΪǰѽģĲֻˡ

ߵڴ˼ֱۡ
ֻʣھǱ۶ûôֱðΪλϼǮ
Ϸĸ߼ԱᣬͼӴ׵عǾۣ˳㽫ǵıҲ˵ˡ
תȥ¥ϡ
һŰͰ˺Űᡣ
϶ǲǮһš
任֮ǰԱͨȷǣȻõصš
ֹӣڵȵһˡ
ֱ֣˻ĵմ˷Ƥͬʱ·
˱ǿƹرգ۵˵ϡ
诽ӹԷ̺;ˮŵһߡ
һףϷ˺󾱣һƬƤ渴ӹ̵·
СذγһоƬӿڴͳһͬͺųߴоƬ˻ȥ
ַǸܵķˣʺɨػ˺ܶ࣬ǹͣǵĻе۶м¼ܡ
¼ȻʹоƬ
滻оƬʹڱ׷飬μҲǿհ׵ģ޷ԭˡ
һϵж꣬˷Ž˿õ䣬Ϸ˵Ʒˡ
һŰᡣ
С͵׷װݻ£ʩһӦȫ̽ʯϰ˰ľˮ
ǽž޴ĻмȫϢͶӰ·̨ϵչƷͶӰ
ȻԶ뿴̨ͶӰֱȵһſû
վżŮһ
Ψһڷ۵Ů˿ɳϣ˫չһŲأһֱӴϡ
عͷ˫տӿſڣҮҵľˣ
¡
ʶֳԷ֡
ѾڻŻϳֹϾǳפһĴ
ȻָݺӰ
˵ܵĻ⻹Ǹա
ҲҪֻҪƤӴ͹ˡ
ҵı
ڷ۵Ů֣һסϵľƿ߸˵ضƿһ¡
΢ЦؿһĻͼһķˡ
١
Ȼ̧ͷװģܲܰҴ˺Űɵ棬Ǹ˲ҪٺҽϾˣ
诣
Ƕ̧֪ûʲô˼˵˺Ű˭ʲôҪ˵ٱҾɱǡ
诣
үô֪
Ϊʲô˵
ĪؿֲǷˡ
诣
ô֪ģ
诣Ҳ֪ҸչҪҰʱˣ
ðɡ
￴һۣȥɡ
诸̣ʲô𣿡
ﶢ롣
请ǳһ¶ԷϲãȻ¶һЦʲô𣿡
㳤ͦɰġ
֣ƺҪʲôȴҲֻļ򣬡ûпǹ
̧֣˶Էڼϵ֡
ü
˶ֵʮֵȻ¡
ƤӴɡ
ϱû䣬Ǹ⹤Ƚɣϰˡ
˵׼뿪
𣿡
Щؿ˼ǣ㾭αװɾƵԱȥԭҲ֪ΪʲôӽңܶɣҲȷĸҪԼ˵˵
诣ֻ롪
诺Ȼ졣
Ȼתܡ
ոĴתҼǵʱҲ˳ȷ·ߣҲֹһ
Ҫǣֻ¥
说ȣֱϻ籬ը죬ײ˺ϽƬ䡣
˦߸ЬֱĽֵϣΧ˵ľУתܡ
վڴڿǵӰʧڳС
ȻǲȥֻΪոյָ
׷
￿ɳһߺȾһ˵Ȼû˵һӦǳܣǾͲΪɱҡ
ԱߵСؿڣǸ¡
ոյľ״̬ҲͦȶûʲôȻҲĳˡ
˵ұ֪Ϊʲôֿҵ
һߣ诸һǾת
ܿ죬ҵͣķʽỻ·λϴ
ʱάű״̬ҲǲСģҲƣˡ
˳ѷ˸
ˡ
Щƣ˵⣬˻Ӧҿܾͻᱻǿˡ
һ˼Ǹ⣬ǿֿסƣûȫش
⵼ͷʹѡ
说˿￴αװˡûñڼ׷ңҾãûô⣬Ҫô̫ˡ
Լûھ¶ոձҴĵһӦҲǹܡ
ȷԼȥɱ˵ġ
ȥг⳵Уֻ˹Ԣ
ɺܿͻˡ
û¡
̣ʾνǺܿͿжˣʹɣҲݿ⡣
诵˵ͷӰУҲԼ
ˡ
룬´Σǿţִڼ䣬һϵ
ɣ
诣Ӱϲôݵһ˽һ˳ԮڼƵͨʱ鱨
һ˶ʱȻЩ
ںôжˡ
ɣֵӰˣ̫ˣʱһ߶
ҲȻѣ֪ҲǷˣΪ˰ɡ
Ȼأ
诣
ֻԼ̳￴ģЩھߵ²ۣ˵˵иֱʶ˹ͨ
诣ʵʣ𣿾֡ڱ˵ͿܱĵӲƷ˰ɣ
䣬͡һֵ

ƺȻϤͳԵȴǴ˷ģϸֱֺκη
ʡȥĲ裬ɹĤ𶯣ֱȡϢ
дݵĺ塣
̲ס˻Դ
оʮ֡
Ҳ̫
Աߵĺڷ꿴һۣѱ棬ֻԼЦһǴ
ȷʵ
ɵ˵ûʱ᲻
诣Ҳ̫Ȥ㻹֪ʲô
ɣʱǿ뷨شݸҡ
诣ȥҪãҲ֪ʲô
ɣһɡ
诣
ЦģҲ֪
ȻܵȻ֪˵뷨ҲҪʱ䣬ҡھĽһû
ޱؿκνﶼûɡ
û̻ش
ƺ˼˼ӣȷʵû
ĬĬ졣
֪˻ĳЩʤҡ
ɵ˵Ҳһֱȥ
̧ͷ˫УҲš³ɡ
û˵
˼ӣ֣뿴ʲô𣿡


32 
һ, ҿ𣿡
µѾ̫ȶԷһһΪˡ
ñ˿ŴԣԺҲʲô֮¡
֮ܶ, һҲǲԳƲġ
š
ڷ۵Ӧ൱ƽҲûдƱһ
ԡ
ҲȤˡ
ð
ס˶Է֣ױĸά, Ȼء
Ϊ, ƳߴҲ
Ůָë¡
˳ϸݵָ, ϡɼǽƯɫֹڰ, һ㱡ѩĻ֦
ȻֿƴǱ
ֻŵľ׵, ׻˵Ѫ֯, ջ
ҲԽƾ˵ͷǡ

Ȼ˵̶ֳֳƲΣա
౾ìܵģǿҲǸݱȽ϶б׼ı䡣
ܶͨ˻С߲в, ǿлû㹻
Щν
Ҳֻʱġ
ԺܳΪĴڲֵڴ¡
ʱͻʱȥΪԡ
塣
ڷ궯˶ָ߬סѵؽ, ֻ¶΢ȵ̧, ֱԷָⴥԼĶͷ
ȷѪĹӶ˵, Ķƺ̫Ρ
ʵҲȫ
ûʲôΣվٶ뷨
Ҳ֪ʹԼƽɱ, Ҳ޷κʵ˺

ǰŮŵص, ڵĴ۾ùԲʲôֲ顣
ɣ߱˵״̬, ʲô
ԡ
Ѹٽ˸߶רע״̬, ˼άȫ, ܱ߻ӰҲ͡
״̬ܼ򵥣Ҫȫ벢ס
ҲǾϰʧܣǿż
Ӱϵǰ£诸оһЩ쳣Ķ
ǱƤഥ
оָ⴫Щ΢⣬¶ƫߣʣҲǵܵӰ졣
ԡ
ȥЩ
뷨ЩƫղŲ׽쳣ɢ
¼ע
ȻԼƺĳʵС
Ǵһ־ϵĸоǱ˷ӿе罥ڰ
ݵĺڰܿȥģľ
ֱֻܷտգн¥ӰԼһƬǽĽֵ
ЩܿҰĸ߶Ҳˡ
Ĳ񷣬׵˿Լϻյķ
Եʹ䣬ӯ˻Ѳš
ǰйڵǦɫỤ̃ȼյĻ棬ʮؾ߶˽ֵ
һ߾ǵĸ¥̳˻ǻţʱʱӰ֡
ﶼǶϱڲԫէǱըݲйϸֲܷˡ
Ʃ˵һ¥նϣпޱȣǱ͵ĻͣѵĸֽͺϽǼܣڲɼ
ż˵ҽУ˻ɽȥԱӵǽڼȳ
Զо޴ײеƲƺ˺ѡ
·Ҳ΢زţſҵ׹䣬Χ·˵ĺ
Լƺվһ·ֲڡ
˴Ҵææ·˱СǣˣҲ·֡
ȻǻܣÿҲƺǰеķ
Ψμˣ¶ãȻע硣
˼ӣҲ
ƺֻĳʶľٶܲע뼯Ϊ
ΪμԹߣǵһ˳ӽǵļ䣬ֻü˵۾۲硣
ȻҲ׽һЩϢ
Ʃ˵ڱУ˼˵֡
ָЩϸȴȻԲǹСĺӡ
Ҳʮһˡ
ڲƤ֮£ƺʲôڷ⣬ĳƵ˸â΢ɫ
ڰһӿ
͵ؾѡ
Ǿ˵Ǹ
诿ǰߵĶѣ԰ɣ
ɵʶԼ˵һϻ
ۡ
课̾ʹԼĳܶ
ɣϵͳ֮Ҳ
һֱΪ棬֪Ҫܣе֪ϵͳҪʲô
ܶࡣ
룬ʱ䣬Ŷ֪ˣûʱ䡣
诣֪ʲô
κ¡
ܽκøйٻõϢֻþ
诣˵һжˣҲ۾ȥҲȥֻþȥܣ
õ˿϶Ļش
诣ǻѵ𣿡
ϰһ
üһ
˵;ԣ˵ٶһǻ
ڿֲô󲿷߶ѡܣϾЩѵеɣǿüŵġ
ʱֹ˺ģʶԼҪѵҪܶʱȥš
诣ǶμĶʲô
оƬ
˾ϣǻǲǰǵĵطϷоƬ
ʹˣЩˣҲоƬ
СӳͻעоƬע䡣
Ǳĺӣڱ͵¶Ժ֮ǰҲйز衣
诣оƬôдģ
ɳĬ˼ӣҰڳˡ
诣ǶǱעڼ˸
˼Сʱͳˡ
诣
ǱԼǿˡ
ҲĬˡ
оƬֶСһó۾ȥĶ
һ˫ɨܵĻеۣǿʲôġ
оƬϢҪܶȡ
诣㲢ûеõоƬϢ
ֻ֪гؿƼĻձꡣ
ֳĬһСóҾͰˡ
诣뵽üɣһʰɣΪʲô
Ҿá
룬ͨ׷ҡ
⵹Ǹǳɡ
ôš
оƬȷʵܹ𵽶λãЩﷸͨԼоƬΪ˷ٻһµġ
̾˿㲻е𣬵һѹͲ˳˵˼ά
ܾûô򵥡
诣㻹ļ䣬ֻǡɾˣʱǿհ׵ģ
ƺôΪҲɾҵļ䡣
⻰˵ն©
诣𡣡
ǰһλŰҲйƵ뷨ǱŮһŪڹ֮С
诣ô֪оƬܱλ
Ҳֻ֪Ʋ⡣
ԳĬ
诣ðɣ˵Ļܿҵ𰸡
û˵
ܲһ⣬ҾǺ档
գգ۾ҿΧһ·ˣ֮ʲôֱȥӶˣ
ɣˡ
¾ûôˡ
ؿƼܲڵĵطȻΪȫḣϵ¶ԺҲ
ʱòģվǸӣڳоƬҲˣ˵Ҳỳݡ
Ȼûȥ¶ԺѡԼڳˡ
ȻһλӵϷˣڵָ˵ûؼˡ
λϷЩŮŮǼʺɱ˺Щ⡣
ȥŮǺڷۣҲͬ⸱òĺӣ˶Է
读Ȼġ
΢΢ףŮϡ
Ϸ䲻СˣŮ֮״̬Ҳÿ£󲿷ʱ䶼˯
ʱԺؽӵŮѯΣǲҪӰ࣬ǲֺͬ³ˡ
ܳ˺ڷ۵ģ֮⣬ûʲôƵĵط
诣˵ʲôأ
ɣ֪˵ʲôš

ҡҡͷǵǺ˰֪֪˭ɵĺ£лȥ򱨳𡣡
ɿһۡ
ģġ
诲ʶԼĿ󣬡ҵ˼ǣǶѣĳ˾ҵĳˡ
⻰˵÷ǳֱ׳
Ͼɱĳˣֹһˡ
ˡ
ڷ괹˫۾ĳЩܿʧ
Ѿɱˡ
ðɡ
诵Ҳ⣬ϣĸ׻˸һЩ
ϧǣλϷ˱ʱѾȥˡ
ʵδȥ𣬵ɶԣҲֻһ˳Ϊ֮¡
Ȼȥˡ
㡣
诳˼ʲôʱʼұɭأһȥҿ֮ա
ܿ졣
ɿȥҲżʱ׼ˡ
诱ħ˵¡
ˣһɡ
ŸѵеʱԺȻǸľ
诸ŴƻԻ͵ҹ𲻾ǰڳƵǱ
Լ¡˫·͸ĵ۾
á
š
кܶܣҲкܶˡ
ΪЩŻȤ
Ҳ̫ˡ

ڳ
һȳٴα̨Ļﶼƽƽ档
￿ɳϣؿȫϢͶӰ
ϽŲ
ѣ˺ŰĿѾˡ
ʲôֶΡ롱ģǾһˡ
ûлͷ
ƺˣŲͺҲ֪ƽƽҲûʲôȤˡ
¡С㡣
˵ĺһ룬þ
еҧڵʵڲ֪֪ĻԲᡪ
ֿһȫϢͶӰŻعͷ
һŮŶƷƵ·òЩ£á
ʵǼƽǵǮ
Ƕõɫȥ̫á
Ϊǰϼ󽣿νѪҲû뵽һ¡ںǾۡ
ڿɺˣûƺ˻ˡ
ðɣҾеƽЩǮ֪Ƶ˭ĲҵҲǮ˵һǧ򣬾һǮҲ롣

Ȼ֪˭Ĳҵ
λգ
ŮСؿڣҵֳ
û˵ʲôݵңȻЩȨǮƣҲֻǾŰˡ
Ȥʧˡ
пɳϣ̯˫ۣΪʲôǰѽ
Լ˼ؿڣΪ˸˹ͨµ񡣡
üĿЩ𺣬Ϊ䱸Ȼػʱȴ
һ䣬ɫͱòҰס
ȻѿڶĶ
𣿡
ЦЦؿǣ֮һת
ĸ˹ͨ
ӭ˫÷۾ʱҲˣԥش¶ȸ¡
һ˫ٿȻüҪȥ򣿡
Ļں֮С
ľܾȻҲǿᡪܹصѵһľԣȻԷʣǼǺ޷֮
ڣֻܾرԷǣŽ࣬ʮֳʵؿڻش⡣
𣺡Ƭ򣬻Ǽº󣬻һԺ󡣡
ܣ
͵վƬ򡪡
¶ȡ˹ͨʲôˣ
ʯŹɶͶ»ԱҲᡣ
˹ͨСģڰİҲġ
ңڰǺ;бֻһǻԪߡ
ζʲô
ʮ꣡
ǿĻԪߣ
Ԫƻǿ֮һҲѿ
ͨ˵߶ûʲôƢߡ
һֿ̰ӡ󣬵ʱ׼ȷġ
ΪŶ¶ȡ˹ͨƵˣֹһ
ȻЩսȫꪳɳУʣµҲ˹ͨ峼
ЦһƬ˻Ǿǰǣôط
仰ֻǱԹʣҲûݼûбȻػ
ۿǣǲǱƭ˰ɣ˭ģ
ҵѡ
ҧ˵ͶЧ˹ͨ壬ҵϢ
ԥ˲׽ȴǺܼǱ˵Ķ顣
Դȷȥ̬ȾͱúͰˣһֱڰǣɴཫ纰
һٲĥ֮£ԥڴӦǳԷӦ´λԼڼҲ͸¶Щڷ磬λ¶ȸ¡
Ϊʲô֪ȻϢԴ¶ĳλε¡
ǸΪ欵ͽˣ¸˺ԥƺҲ⺫ԥ˵ȥ
ݼöʱϲ
õԥʯҲֻƾʯ˹ͨͶϻȡô
ͨԥĳҪҲǴԸˡ
¶ȡ˹ͨǹʯźͼȨ֮һİʵߡ
ǿܻ
ֻҪԼлܼˣҪûˡ
ȻҲ⡣
պԥ˵ƺлλ˹ͨ¼һģʱζҪ취ͽȥǰϼ󽣱Ϊ
¶ȵȻȱֶôǴʥģҲõó֡
š
ƺ뵽ʲôۿǣ֪ζʲô𣿡
⻰ѯ
Ҳֻܾʵش𣬡˵ĳ֣ζħ˵ĳ֡
ħӵеܲͬȻʲôͬҲ
ħĴڣƺҲӰΧĻһЩ졣
Ʃ˵
־ֻʯշַֻԴħˡ
԰ĳҲζħ˵ĳ֡
ϿħˣҲֻǴڹ
˼ؿǡ
õɭء¡±ʵң˵⵽Ϯ
һֱڱ
ζһħεûߡ
˶ħ˵˽⣬ͣǻ׶ǣʥֲʥ˸˫
Ϊ¡ĳԱĸսһ¡
ʥȷʵˡ
Ȼʥħˣȫħˡ
սڼ䣬ħɢ
Ȼ󲿷ֶۼʥ򣬷ֹӵķҲһ֣ħ˵壬Լε
ֱʥ򱻷ЩĴһεħˣҲûлȥ
Щֹõ֤
²˾֪
˼֪ħ˳ζʲô𣿡
Ȼʣû˼Ļᡣ
֪
ֱشζŻһЩĴ֣Ҫħˡ
üΪʲôҪħˣ
ЩãȻΪħǡ˵ĵˣħ˺ֻЩ弶ߣлħˡ
ħ˵Ȼ޷սʤģǺ֮Ҳսǵɱˡ
Ҳֻٲлħ˵
ħ˵ԶԶûͷ
ǰ£˫չս
֪ħսץסһħʲôô𣿡
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Ǿ˵˵Ǻ˹֮ͨĹϵɣ˵ǵѡ
ѡֻܽºг
Ǹ췢һռվ֣ǸúԥʯǸռվǼҵĲҵ
Щʹ˵š
ʵڲ뽫˵ڣ˲ҪѶԷĿơ
ԽǵֿԽܡ
Դ죬ʼѪϲţջǽʵ˵˳
ǱΪľˣʯǾͿͶЧ˹ͨ壬ǵıӻ
ȵȡ
Щ㱣֪ҹǺ𣿡
ɫҰ׵صڵϣȫˮ乣ڷ˵ֿ
˵
˵ҹǺܲ򣬾˵ĹɶĹ壬͹Щϵ
ΪԥľˣõʯǾͲµʯˣǼҹǺ˾
£Ȼ£ǻͶ˹ͨ塣
صؿ˼Ҫͷͱץסлᣬ򣬷Զˣ
Щؿһۡ
ҲãҲãͶȡɵ󱲣ǿ߲ŲҪЩֶΡ
ԱţԲҧǺ޷ȣǿ¡С㣬Ҫ÷Ҫ꣬ƿһķֲ⣬ôܡ
˵ǿ߿ɲԼ
شֻʣ±ĺ񣬡޸ǽļ䣬Ȼǡ
ûյϢȻ˲׼ĵؽٰǣ˵Ҳֻħ˴
ֻһͨħˣõֵȼĸֳ
Щ⣬һʱ벻ﲻԡ
¡
СʵǻҪ
ȻҪңҵħȱҡ
һһðºǼ϶һ£Ƿˡ
ʵϣѾһЩ
˿ݰ壬ʮǳǵıСɱˡ
￴ݰϷͶӰ
ǲҰֳƬ
ЩܺһˣЩʬǲȱģǱһ󲿷֡
ԹĶߡ
˵Ӧħˡ
Ǿ׼øɼܿ
ͬʱͻ˰ᣬٴۣѾ˸ոշ¡
ֻ֪ԼûƷΪա
ˣʱ䣬ٿĶ
һ⣬պĳԷϴκԥͬȥķϣǺܺ˵ġ
ԥʱƺܽš
ϴúͺԥԷҲֻǴҴææ˲һСʱ
ô̶̵ʱڣȻ˵˹ؼϢȥʱͬ´Լ
˵ͷϣ´Ҳ˵ʲôõĶ

ͬʱڳǽɽֵĻ
ԥ˽ͣѵЩɻؿԼָߡ
ͽԭؿڴߣʱȻվǲʲô쳣
ԥ
ȻûоκֻͶȥʵĿ⡣
ˡ
վĦȭƵصҳȥһˣñܡ
ԥ˵ЩʲôԷȴѾʧˡ

賿ʱ֡
诱ѣл㱵۾컹û
ʲô
͵ѵ¡ɱˣ
෴
ڷ۵վ⣬ؿ׼ȥؿƼֲ
诣
ɭءԼΪؿƼϺŵߣɱħˡ


33 
ȵȡ
ЩãȻ, ħˡǸ֮ǰս콵ɣ
ʢʱڣ̽״̬Ҳûвֵǻ塣
ħȴǸ⡣
սͻأޱ, İҲǴһ㣬ֱӳ׶ǡ
ڴ֮ǰûκ˼˵ǵĴڡ
诣ħˣʲô©һ𣿡
ֱһħ˵Ĺϵ, Լħ˲ǶʥԱ, һħĴε
֪, һֱڵһ죿
Ĺע, ҲΪζħ˵ĳ֡
ʵ˶ֵ֪ĺ, ȻõϢ֮, Ҳûʲô
ħֲ࣬Ƕ滷ҪܵͣôһŴħ, ڴ롣
ֻܸӦħˡ
ɿ˿ԣ¡Ҳ֪ħ˵λãǻһֱȴ
ƺҲȷħ˵ľλá
߾ס, ǳ˯״̬ħᱩ¶
ܻȥѰ߲֮ս, Ӯ, һЩ
ȵ㹻ʱ, ЩҪħ˵ļһͻ
诣ΪʲôҪɱħˣܲΪάǵΰɣ
ɣ, Ҫħ˵ʬ壬á
𰸽ƺȽ鷳
Ժ˵
ؿڵ񡣡
ã

ĶݽӴ, ˵õԷòɱ֮, Ҳûһ׷ٱǵӡ
诣ҪҪһڵλã
, Ǹ
Ȼ׷
޷ȷʲôܣ֪ڶʹ׷ħˣкܶ˿ܶᡮע
诣
Ȼܹע
诣ŶǾߡ

˵Ƕֻǡ
ֵı޿Σ
ͶѽӴˣҲ֪ǿ߶ǵһ
ߴĳֽǶ˵ܼǸǱѡγˡ
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ɵ˼ҲҪϵͳľѵ
Լᵽˮƽ֮
ǵģȻǲ״̬
ɣ˵û⣬Ҳ֡
Ҳڰͣʮڵ۰
ϰΪֻ׼̫ˡ
ɲ²ۣ̫ûʶˡ
ɭغֻԶã˶Ǻڷ֮⣬ƶȲ̫ߣȴࡣ
һװҡ
ζţҪɱԼ߶ʮ๫ֵˡ
ҪɱԼʮ๫ֵˡ
Ȼƽӱ˴ˡ
Ȼ˿Ķڿ¡
ʵһϻ񣬹̼򵥵˾Щ㱡
һν볬ؿƼֲãǰǰһѼƻҪӦԸͻ
һΣɱװһϵй֮ŶѶĿ߹
Ȼץסֱֱ˲ˡ
һ룬ѾڳؿƼĴ¥
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ǼʵҾλڶ¥
¥ֻһڡ
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žüʿվ࣬װǺʵڣǰųؿƼԲλձ꣬¶Ʋ˸⡣
ֶ˵ҲǾ޴в
ǵװ׿վ޴ıըӲȲ˵¶ȱ仯Ҳߡ
װػӱ۹ҵ񵯻ٵʮתڡ
ˮƽգۼܴݻһֵĽĳ̶ȡ
һЩװ˾ϽУЩ۵£ڱۼ׼䣬ڵƹҫżкһĨŲ΢⡣
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ʹʥ򱻷ҲԴԴЩ
Ǹʹãװ˻ס
ȻҲֵ֪ĸݳ޸˷ѡ
˵ϼĽ֮󣬲ϡо⡣
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ͬʱǧĹΪԡ

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ҲУȻռ鱨֮ġ
ΧתȦ
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ġ
ݿ⣬ǰĻϸϸϸܵĴ룬ҵĹӰӳС
һߵżһ˵ǰ߹״̬㻽Ժ˵
诣ǵĶԻᱻ¼𣿡
˵ء
ǻ˰ɡ
ʵƽףмǹԺʮ̨ʽԶȥЩĶ
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ʯ鲼һһϸĺɫ磬ǴʯѪܣֵɵϸСķ֧ĳֹˮ
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ûظ
课վڹǰЩʯ㶡
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֡
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һ˻ֱӳ˽˫չֱģĳһһ
Щ׸߶ȶңϿĻͳصӾźǿѹȸС
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ڷȻſڣϹߣǰķϡ
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ΪȻ׵սжϣ̧һֻ֣ϼľ޽Ȼչ
һ˸ߵľ޽Юž£òөĽ˸ϼ⡣
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ڷŮӰһΣɽԼͬʱӯԾһŲڻ׵ϡ
һżþȫװųϸϸѺۣõϵͳҲӰ졣
ðϸСĵ𻨡
׵ĵڶûüӳСͻһӡ
ţԶ޸첲ֱ쳤һء
һתԲ˼ĽǶȣ޽һǷն
Ȼͣڻ׵ֱϣǰλãһ±ȻΡ
Ҳһֱڱƶ
˽ֻɨСȣһ˿ڡ
请ת󣬸첲ϲҫĵ绡ֺ£Ȼȥ
ױתֻ˲ķѣѹѿ˷ּӡ
˫һշ
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׵ϰֱӱըˡ
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ոջ˼ֵڵĶʵˣһֹС
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ΪǼҳ㷹ĹӶ诺߶ûһ
һӦǻع˹Ʒжı߶ܸʡ

ոŵ˸ץԼڵϵ䣬ͱ
ײ˼Ӳţϵ˿˲Ϣϡ
˷಻ıһһ߻ը̻ɹ⺣衣
ͬʱǿ׳ֱΰڻܱߵľʱת
ٴۣѾվ˹Ԣ
ˣ
诸ոձ̻Ķѡ

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Լ
ﱾõǹˣȻѾȫϡ
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Ͼжʱ䲢
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ɣ뿴Ϳ
˵͵ԴڿʼЩϡ
ѽӦðЩϵϼ
诸ڷʹļ׵˵ϣôһѽͿλ
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Щм˵ؿƼ˻ףǹģҲ⡣
ζţֻǽϼԭʥ˳мӹ
㲻ϴʥﴫĶˡ
ȥǮֻǮͼӹѣһٽָӹͷ
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Ȼ˵һǧһ򣬶ΪԼʵȥɱ߼ޣҲ׬
诡
ɺȻص˴ڡ
֡
ˣڵʱ򣬾ʶֱͦ˼ͬʦѧ

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һҪôܾǱɷѡ
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34 
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վһƬǽʵ, ŵϻ׵Ĳкǳ
Ƕ˼ʯ
ӻ־ܾݰ壬⻹Ҫʧºԡ
ϵͳȻǱƻˡ
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󲿷ֻ׶ʵڲٵģҴӴľ֤ͨġ
ֳӦˡ
ô
һ, ӵпԸıԼò
˶ӵпԸıò
ǳ, ģµһģһ
ǱҺɭ, ͨ棬ûдȫϵͳһ
һ, Ȼ, Ҳųֻһ, ӵĳԱһ塣
Ϊ¡ˣ˸ϡŹֵ, һʱ뵽
һֱݿתļõȨ޺ɾ˼ء
Щ׵ԴըǵĹ⾵Ҳͷ, Ҳ޷ѯˡ
Ҫ𣿡
Աߵʵ
﷭˸ۡ
ûʲô, ϵϢ̫, ЩȻԤı
Щ֮ܵ, ľͱˡ
ͬʱ, ҲյԼѯѯΪʲôҪȡЩļ, ڱħ˵ʱ
ʱѰħ, ⻰ֱɵ, ȻʶǱ͵ˡ
ʱѡҲס
ıǵпռߣԽǧڵĶ;͡
γǣڳĳƵμᣬȫʮڸϻ
ϧħˣٹ
ڵĴ޷ηмһʱ
һʱ䣬㹻ܵ
ЩɵɨΧˣǲڹɣ
ΧıǶʱա
⻰ֻһ˵ﲢûô롣
͵ʯ϶Ϊ˼ܡ
ȻӲҪ˵ĻҲ΢ļΪóȥǮҲֵ̫ˣȥֱӡ
¡ĺɱضˡ
ֻΪ˵õ
ڶĿǰһԼ͹򶼿Ա֮⣬һб˿־вҲ޹ؽҪ
ǳ
Ǹݿˡ
Ϊ˲鿴ʲôأ
Щʵҵз¼Ŀƻ
͸Ǿ˰ɣ
Ȥȱȱţºˣħ˻ûҵʵֱ˷һ顣
ԼҪԼȺϲ߶
ͷԾ
εؽͨܿ촫ĳλ
ֱӵСԷ˵ʲô
һ̵ؿڣǾЩʯ洢ڰǣҲһѰǷֲǵĵ̡
Ǳƺִ
Ҳν
ҿûôİȫϵͳƣҲҾֵģҾԲΪʲôйܵĹʺɽֹƱݣڲ鲻أŶҲڱԹҶǵİûʲô飬ֻ˵ڳҲͷơ

гĹԢ
诶ݵ˯һָܿȫʢ״̬
ôô
Ĵش¥ϳҵ췢𣿡
ڷ۵꿿ƮϣһһֱһַϥϣһִֻſĴڡ
Բͷš
说յԱߣô£
ԷȻ֪ĻҲֱȥ˴ϵϢ
ȫʵ־
ڣҲע¼ȫǸδŵԼơ
诿˼ӣǿҳôһʶĵʣʸǶҩ𣿡
΢΢ף˿ҡ
һ£˵ЩڳԸע䲻ͬĶҩΪʲôĥ㣿
Ϊ˲Կ
طĲ²⣬Ҵ״̬κ¶Ʋĥ
ƺҵؼء
δƻ
ǳؿƼһʵĿ
ĿĸŶӣΥɵʵ顣
һЩ˵Ĵڡ
ͷ˲һЩ
ЩԴߣҲʵĸĸǣǾѡġ
ܺͳɫ츳ͨļ弶ߵĿˡ
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Ϊѿп¡ѪͳȻͨĳЩֶλȡ˱˵ֳϸ
ǻ𣿡
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Ϲһڡ
˵ĵϢ
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ǳɫľͱ̵ƬﴩűͦľװƷؿʮŹѫ£ϴ½ɫ
ǹٽӳԱƷռǵνָͧӹٵУ
ٽʵǿ̫վӣʿ٣ȫɵġ
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Уȷ߶Ҫࡣ
ػɣսڼ̫ߣŵ߱Ⱥ塣
ϧǣиںħ˵սѳְֻʮꡣ
ֿ˿һ˵Ϣ
ڵĶ̷ɫ۾ͬźõľװؿڸɫĿ
ͬڹٽӵĴƷͻƽľװǺڵ׽˿·ϴɫ
诣ľӣ
ŵսӡ
诣Ǹȥ鹫
ȻҲȡ񻰵֣ΪƫԶ˿࣬ҲƲϷ١
ֻǻˣλ龯ְʵҲС
һڶʮͷʱ弶߿ˣᶼҪְ
˽Ҳͬġ
֮սУʮһꡣ
˶û飬Ҳʲôӵܣͨв׼ͥУڼͳɼ졣
诣˵ʶԷǼû棬ȫǿ¡ĳֶΡ
˵ĺӡ
诣Ҳ𣿡
Ϲڣʵĵ˱ź֮ͬ⣬ࡣ
ĸԴɫɫˣӻи߼ԱԺУѧߺоԱЩɴǼʺﷸ
ΣЩ˶ųɫ츳
ȵȣܹмǧʵ壬һһƬҵ7777ŵ𣿡
󲿷˶ˣֻмȷм״̬δ֪
δ֪Ҳʮˡ
Ȳ鿴ⲿˣܿȷ7777Լ
诣췢йϵǳؿƼܲһըɷ죿
΢΢ͷٴϹһڡ
诿곹ˡ
δƻȫԸΪȡƻǿ¡ֲֶͨΣõһЩֳֵϸ
ؿƼµҽԺ٣֮⣬רҵԱְ˵ͨˡ
ǽҽƵ£Сֻܺʮ꣬ѧ
ЩӿֻǾһѧУ֯죬ͱĪ͵˻򣬺ϲ衣
ʮס
ھ¡δƻ꣬ǰǰܺ˵ٲ٣˵ҲǺܶࡣ
ÿһжȻǾĲ߻ģ֮ûб˷֡
ֱһ죬¡ĳű
˵ûأʵǳǿֱҵؿƼܲһȺ߸־͵ظɼܣٵСС
ǸʵĿλܲһܻǱ꼰ˡ
ҲսܵʵѹҪӻӳȥ
һƬУظ˵ĶӣҲĿļԱ֮һĳʵɱˡ
ظ˵ƺֱӷˣ˹ԱֱȨԻװá
ʵڶֲԻװãڱֱӴݻͷ΢ըҩ
󲿷ʵ嶼ը
ǼǺӣӤ׶꣬˴ӳ˯״̬ûü۾硣
ֱ˿̣δƻνȫʧܵġ
⣬ЩԻװɱʵ壬ſԼ¼оƬ
¡֮ȷоƬصϢ
ȻģоƬԼٳˣǱ߾ͻյоƬٵϢоƬķȫͬġ
Իװƻͷʵ壬ֻʧȥԴоƬã¼״̬
ȻоƬ٣ǿһ˱ըƬһֱֻըûˣҲԼóоƬٵˡ
֮Իװġ
ˣоƬٵ˱¼Ϊδ֪
诣ԣ֮⣬ʱм˻Ҳδ֪״̬
ֻһ´ڣ˻һ˵߱ըһ˵ʱйأܹ޸һ˵ͷ
诣ۡ
ڽһʱǶ¡ɳץȥˣΪûжоƬ
诣ǿѡʮˡ
ϾۺͰоƬٵˡ
δƻǰʮֹ꣬һأҲֹһγֹ¹ʡ
Ʃ˵ɱ족֮ǰĳŰϣҲһʵأδƻ
иΪ1334ʵ壬֪ʲôֶΣӲӷɭϵĻ˳ȥ
¡˳ץǲ֣նûгɹ
1334ɱ¡йصˣȥǵʵըûҷ
״̬Ǵұ˸߶Σյʺӡǡ
诿˿ǸƬ
ǸüĿŮһͷĺ췢ƤܰףЩСȸߣֻ߰ģ
ɭ䣬¶ȣ˵Ұޡ
诣ΪʲôûϢܲԶôɣ
ӵ¼ʱ1334ųӺͳؿƼܲϮ꣬ڼ䣬һЩƵ¼
δƻһЩҴǣʵء
Ļ֮⣬κδˣŵҲץȥʵˡ
诣ôģҲǸԻװã
ɣҲ֪
ļʼڳؿƼܲķ棬ԼЩ˷ҵĽֵ
ģԼԴԻװóûը
׼ȷ˵ʧ䡣
ӵʵҵļ䣬Ϊʱδѹ
诣ǣţҲ֪˵ʲôˡ
˵ʵѵľҲƲرѪ
ֻ֮˼죬ͱЩƲĸؼҡ
סڴл԰Сһмлһʱ䰲е
Щ޹ȥʵ壬ٶ˵ǵЩ£ʹЩȥʹࡣ
֮Ҳûر𱯲ҵľ
诣Ҫ֪飬д𣿡
ࡣ
ɵ˵Ҳô¡
ʲôأ
ʵ˶ˣˣֻΪǿ
ǰӻص1334ţҲΪǿˣлӳȥԺ׷ɱߡ
ûʲôֵø˵ġ
ԼҲãҲá
ʶ̧ͷԱ˼Ů
ߵһʵĻǻߣһ׬λĹӶûڰͣҲʵ
ÿ˶ˡ
Ȼ˽ĽǶȣ־ôһҡ
ǹԼľ
ǣûڵ֪ʱԼлὫЩϢ˹

Ҳôͱ˹Щ¡
ֻǾЩ΢
ΪϻȻĺܹµĻ
ദһʱ䣬Ȼһǿ׬Ǯ֮ƺûʲôرעġ
˾ĻܣŲƷĳţν
˵ĹĲΪ¡壬ΪҪ֪Լ£

͵̧ͷҺȻһ£
ɣ
诣ʵػʱʮ꣬ʱʵ൱ڸճˣȻӤһ˼һЩʶ
ͣһ¡
诣ǵʵδѹʵҪʮʹӿҪĵˣ˱ˡҲܵҸ׵˱ֻҴˡ
ȻȥҲȷʵͶʮҰˡ
ɣһûע⵽һ㡣
ðɣҿЦġ
Էĳ̾˿ͽΪʲôڽϣǱ˰ȥģʶ״̬жˣ㲻ŪЩ𣿡
΢΢ҡͷ˫λð۾Ǳըɳȥġ
𾪵ؿʲô
ɺ˼ӣջߣͷڹϴһ£ͶӰһƵܲϮ˻ʵġ
ⶰ¥סңܿǱڱըؾλãαװһƼзġ
ָһƬߵشĽȺ
˼ӣƵȻľ죬ѿ˺蹵׹䣬Ĵ
ָָʱ䣬֮ڱ˵ĹϿʱ䣬ֻʮ롣
־ЦϸЦûĸ˻ĵ㱻ըɵĻ棿
ɿһۣʲô

ʮ𾪣Ҷˣ
ɣҾһ˵㻹ܸһ𣿡
ܰ
诵˵ͷҿ԰ǸɳƵ
ɣ
ȣЦ
ɤӣˣҲǲ˵ģרõ֡
ûС
նؿڵ
ðɡ
ʮź˵ûл㲻ҡ
ɿȥеˡ
诣ͽ𣿡
һˣ᳢ܻȥѰԼѪԵˣҲܻᱨ¡壬Ҳܻȥѯࡣ
Ʃ˵Ϊʲôʵˣܻ
ûС
ƽ˵һЩ£Щʵ־޷ͣûм¼
û׷ʵʲôô
ûá
诣شķ񡣡
ɶ۲һʡ
ðɡ
̯֣ʲôʱҪҰæĻңֻҪģҾԲƴǡ
Ȼû˵ֻһֱ
վһߣԼڵϵ䡣
װżֵʮڵʯȴһ㱻ܲʵطš
诣ˣףҺˡ
ת׼ˣֻĳλһ¶ıӰ
ͣ
ص˵ͳԵߣʲôë
㲻ǲҪѵֻʱϻˣڣţˣǸòˡ
读عͷ԰ɣ
ڷ꿿ƮϿ˫̵ڵƹȻ͸ɭȻ⡣
ǰڱ̲µ棬ֱֱ˵ࡣ

ȻеţȻȥȴ̫ã֮Ҫʲô
读˻ӣҸطоһôʯ
ɣ𣿡
诵ͷţõĻǰһˣһҵŲ㡣
ɣ
ûô
Ѿһ׼Ȼ볡ӣԷ˵ҲֹͣݣֻӲͷƤˡ
һ룬صص˶ͷ
Ӷе⡣
ڷߴӰߣƺգۼӼ˲ƹȻһӡ
ݹͷˡ
ĬĬ죬Ҳ֪Ͼû˸ңûжѵСûۣû˰
ɣ䡣
诣
Σ̾˿ҾͲú͹ӶЭȺ˵
һ£ʲô
Ƴһۣ˹
᳤𣬼
ͣһ£ţµˣ
Ҳʲô
ɷʵҶ˹˵ҵĶѣ˹ְ仰ˣ
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诣ܸ𣿡
Ƕһۡ
ˣ˵ϻ
ɿ˿ӣҸô
лл
诼ѹסǣΪʲôȻôģ
Ͼ
ƮƮɨһۣҺòиѣӦǿһ㣬һ˵ĻӦòҵڶˡ


35 
ʮǳǡ
ǽСһ, ȻΪ˷档
űϤݻ٣ԭȵĽͻ԰ҷֻʣ½ڵء
ԶĳҲֻʣ˰, ϲ̵ĺںɫƺۼ
һȺڵĻ£ɭرݰվһԣſͶӰģͣ۾ؽż㡣
ǰ, ȻӵԷֲ¥ʵҵľ, žͱڴ˲ˡ
ɭ֪Ǹڵ, ˲Ʋһ, μҪʮӲܷ
ﲻܵһʱϵֳ
Ϊħ, ļϵ, ֲ¥Ǳûĸ֡
ԣߴ򲻹Щףӵġ
ɭضԴ޻˵
ΪȻԤı
ܰȫͨʵҵ֤, ץסȺ뿪еʱ
ߵͼȤ
ԼĿϢй¶ЩҪʯҪʲôνˡ
, Ⱥ˻֮ǰ, ֻҪվһ, סĳЩĻˡ

ؿƼֲ, ½ļ˲ٰǵߡ
඼ǰǵĹӶ, ҲɱӣֻҪǮκ¡
ɭڰǴһʱ, Щ˲ֵΡ
Ȼǩ˺ͬ, ȻΥԼͻΪͨ, 㹻мֵĶЩĹӶ׾ͻᱳһ
εֻдܲıǡ
粽ظ
ɭ̧ͷԶɢ̸һȺߣмҲڴԼ

ΪԱսǿ֫Ҳûбȫ
ԼļֵڣȻܹһʱսѵʵҲֻǴﵽһ¿Աļ
̶ֳȣͲΪͶԴ
ϵĿйҲûʱȥжǿ
ɭضԴ˲飬Ҳ⽫ͶעԼĿ
ʱ˿̣ȴԼԼЩΣУЩΪؿƼ򹤵ߡ
ǸħɱһЩʧˣǰ׷Ŀ꣬ǳǱƵ
뿪Լıǡ
ڣһħܻú鷳
ЩעԼǣܻܿΪħ˵ʬˮм弶ߡ
Щ˿ܻ˼ɿ¡϶ɱԼҲͷʱܲôࡣ
Ͼħ񣬶ֵǮ
ɭصĵʵе
ЩߵУùԽ̸
ķֵܣ弶ߣǰܼ
վڳſڣλԶҲûԸչ
ķֵǽ壬Ϊɱʹͨ񣬺¡ļǸͨҲͱԡӷˡԵĨˡ
Ȼ֮ҲɹŭԹĶ¡
ʹӶǵĵµ߶ôߣҲԸӽǡ
ɭزΪ塣
еĸܷܵϢ˵ڰֻǣһһоܽ
ıڵҲ弶ߡ
߻ظĿ¡ǵʵٹЩҳϵǹһ
Щ˸ոħܲ˶ԶҪ
Ϣ˵ûлɭؾԲҵĶ֣Ҫע⣬Ǳߵİ޷ܣǸģܷǳ鷳
ﻹȺҲ˼

ɭ޷ٽֱߵģ㡣
ЩģĶɱһֱϵڸò뱸ս״̬
﷢ϢٲҾˡ
ʲôħ˵ʬ屻ߣ
ܱԼá
û̻Ϣ
ɭһԳУ״Ѿ׼ʰ·
֪ͨߵıڣǰȻһ춯
С֮⣬ǻ̵ɭӰƽ̹Ĺ··ϡɼһѸٱƽĺӰ
ħˣ
˾ϲش
¡ƴ֣οħʬ˭໨㱾Ǯ
⸽ľͱǲɢѾΪսʮ׼͵Ŀˡ
߾ۼħ˵Ĵģ
ԾԾԵص
ǵԶˣ˴·ϵĺӰٱƽ
ֻǼ仰ʱ䣬Ծǧ֮ңһŰɫĻеķ档

ħʣഴġ
ʵͷ֮⣬ħǴ಻̫ƣħ֮ҲǸָġ
ɱ
ħ˵ӰǣѸԽнĲкص˲ӿǡ
һֱȺҲȥ
ǸħԲԴͷǣֱֳִۣβͣβĩĶȡ
էһ˺Ľϡ
ȫ鲼ɫƬЩƬεģϸСܣ˿Ϸظ⡣
иڿն˫۱תĻڣܼӵ֯ĵɫкħ˵ϡ
ЩƬ˲䣬ˮڿѩϢɢܽ⡣
ûһ˺
˶ԴҲ⣬ֱڹܷѳϸܵڳתУѸ˸ӴصͲ
Ȼڱϵһ˲䣬ħ˻ͷˡ
ħ˵һݵۿ濴ֻȼյİɫ档
ſ˾޴ġǵͣ˦ʮ׳ͷͬìʸᴩߵʺ
һ¹еĲӰδɢѾһѪ
ħ˵ͷһ
ǸڿеߣȻ׷롣

һ
ԴķֵеĵܵܣΪ弶ߣȻҲô򵥾
һսһ߶￴Ǿͷʬ忪ʼеѪ֮ϸС
֡·УѸٴѪܺ
ԴҲһġ
ͷ­ڲϱγɻе̬˿תӣʼп˴ˡ

һĻȥķǳ졣
ȻƺϰΪ
Ͼħ˵Ķ飬ʹЩʵѷɫһļߣʶҲˡ
ͷ­弴ƴϵʱħ˺Ȼ˳ȥ
˷ļл£Ӳͬ㻬Χٴͷסûͷ­
ͷǾͬż壬һлеԪѸ߽Ѫ⡣
Ȼͷſʬ壬ֲסԱߵԴ
ͬ鷢ˡ
ħ˳ջͷʱ򣬵ϵͷ­Ҳٱ仯ױʬ塣

ķֵеĸŭ
͵˳ȥ˫۱˷âľ޽
һ̬һһħ˵Դ;׵λȥ

ħ˻վԭأոյһܡ
Ȼػݺݵħ˵ıͷϣȴпǼӲ׵Ƭ
һ룬ħŤתһץסķļӲߵұۡ
ԭȿƷâ¶ľ޽ʱҲѸʳѪֱۡ

ɭؿȥˡ
ͬЩˣʶȺ˲ԽĿ꣬ٲ˶Ҫ
ʱڶķͷأѸٱħ˶˸ƣױʬ塣
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ɭظ£
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ıǲ
Ȼڶˣܹ˭
ʵҵߣ
ǹּϲǣ
ڻû϶ڰѵҪôҲںǳܡ
Ⱥɫ죬ܿˣۼžҪħ˵ĹС
һԪ
кȻһİŮ
ţƺĳֿƿ
ǱѡԶħ˵ĹΧ
Ҳ˿
ͬʱʲô˴ƺ׵Ĺħ˰ʲһ
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һƬڵɫʺ͹Ӱ÷ǳģ
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ɡ
һħ˶ͷ­һ̧˻ӣһҲҪˣħ˵ʬңвУ
С㡣
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뿪ĻЩ¡
š
һûһµػԴħۿĻδϨƺûȫ
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һߣгĹԢڡ
һĽѧʽʼ֮ǰֱһЩ֪ܵʶ
弶ߡ
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ɺܾظܽһ¡
ǰᣬȫ
ĵߣһʯ
Ŀģƣܸһ
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ͬĽܻо޴Ĳ
诣ôҵĻ
Լĸνƺֻ
һǱԷӰ졣
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ͿԸƳɹ
ȻһƣҲӡ
Ŀǰ߸оûеޡ
诣ȵȣҼҵܣҿԽڶ𡣡
Ͷһɵϵ񣬡㸴һܷܳΧʹֱܻ֮
ͬĸҲһ
诺ȻԼһʹ׵ĳ
ʱѾȫ屻Ϳյ״̬
ڼ޷жˡ
Ǹ֮ԸƳɹӦԼܣﵽʵҪޡ
ʹˣֽ𶥵жѾ㹻ˡ
诣ðɣû˵һأ
һܱģơ
ɳ˼˼ӣ⣬ҾӦûһҪơ
ŮٿȻ˫ۣû˵
Ҫ֪ƶ׼Ҫﵽ弶һҪмġ
Ŷ
诵˵ͷ
߼ϵǲ⡣
һı׼ļߵĿͨҪָսּսҲŶܵպͿ
ô弶ĻҪٷְٿϽʱ䡣
Ҳνļ
Ϊӵ֪Լǰ϶ߣܲܵļͲȷˡ
诣һ߿ֱӱǲǡļֱ弶
ȻҲ˼
Ƿμӿûйϵָʵ
ߣȷʵҪļʵܱ弶
ļ˴󲿷¶սͨޣһһҲһԶࡣ
֮߶ڼʵǿȥμļˣ飬ʱˣӶоһ˵
ڻٵһƬȥļⶼǾˡ
诣˰ұز
ɱҲֻ˵ģҪƻһӲĶȭͷ졣
ɣìܵĵطΪǸƣ׵粻
һ£ţ
˵ܽмǸƣ׵硣
ص׵磬Բοӷ򣬵㲻ǡ
诺Ȼˣʲôӷ˵ǡӵƻҵƻģ
ȥĺܱŤ
Ȼĸȷʵƻ
ƱĹУܸκκ˺
ʹøƵȻԣƺһˡ
诣ȵȣ˵ĻҵӦ֣һָƱ˵һʹøƵ
ɣʹǵڶ ֣ܷƻҲȡ 
౻ΪƻƻΪһ׼
ҵķܲȫԡ
س˼˼룬Ҿһԡ
е⣬һΪû㲻֪ء
¶ȫԤУҲ̫û˼ˡ
ɵ˵
ֻҪɹڰͷּǼˡ
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弶ߣӦͣܺüǡ
ǰһһȫӦȻļ弶϶ӦǺǣ⡣
诣ȵȣе棬ĿȡƣӦֻԼ֪ɣѵ˻ܿ
˵Щ͵ˣ߱ˣԼ弶ߣԼй
Ҳ̫ˡ
ɣԪ÷ֱġ
˸ر򵥵ӣ˵ƾޣһ
ˣԪܵļҲΪԪػ
Ԫ߿ֱӱһŻǲ֫壬ȫƾԸɻ档
״̬£ĸºȱĶӻӰ߱ˡ
ǽѱɱ
һ£ôѸɱһŻǹ֧ҩȻǶûõġ
ı价û޷ȼաˮϵϵܵǿԣսӮҲȡھʵ
οǿһŻʵһˣ˼Ҳԭصȥ
诣֪ˣ
Ȼ뵽뿪ʱĳ
ǼһһɫѸٴЩ¥ãȻƵˡ
诣ô˵ĻҲԪػ
Ͽ϶УΪ׵ȻҲԪܡ
ĬȻƬ̣Ҹղ˵ģܴܿڵһơ㸴ƵɲԱ
һ㶡
ǸƣЩ߰Ķ
诣ôҸƵ
ˣҲס˼
ѵƶǶԵģôԼҪȼȥһơ
ȻټĳƵƩ˵׵硣
Ԫػ
诣ǿԶεĶ԰ɣ
ⱻ϶ˡ
ЩӵжҲԽжμ
жͬһμġ
ʵ
⡪
ͬؿڡ
Ƕһۡ
΢΢ü˵
̯֣и롪ȵȣ˵˵ͬһ¡
ɲÿɷؿ
ҲͲˣҾղƵĲ²⣬ǶԵģĿܲȫȷ߻һû˵
ţ
ԪƻҪսĻǺܶĿеѡˡ
ԣȻԪܵĿףҲѵģȻкܶǰͺȥԡ
Ԫ൱У׵ܵĿѶȣǴмλá
ˣʹ̳诶һЩ׵ܵ˵һЩɼܵƵ
诣ҿЩḻġ
쿪˫ָ֣Ծ׵ĵ绡ȻŲƶϣ˲鲼ֱۡ
ĩ׵绡ͣڼλãҲܼչ
诣ǿȫ״̬ôԣҲֱֻۡ
˵̧ͷ˿ѡ
һԲضЩͬ
ʶո˵飬Ҳ
诣ҾҵĵƣҲҪһ
ԼƵÿ޵ģ޼޵طչ
ȡԭˡ
Ʃ˵׵ܡ
ڹӶЭſǸˣǸײ絽ܡ
诣Ҳ£һ̣Ǹ˶ԵƿأҲֻǿֱۡ
ԼŬ޷õ˫۷Χɢˡ
诣Ϊҿ⿪ҸƵΪҲŸһЩµʽ÷
׵绹Ǵ߿ơ
诣ҺȻʶǺֻܿΪġ¡ʽʵϣҸˣܱͿЩ
Ʃӳȥ
ֻ˼ûôѡ
ǲЩԭ
诣ЩԭˣҸ֮˽ֽžͺûϵˡ
ƵչޣǸɵһ̣ԭ˿ĳ̶ȡ
ʵܾܿ
ⲻŬû塣
õܵʱֻС۷ΧչϱۣٺŴ˵
ԼΪǾԭ޶ˡ
ҸҪǣȻĸڣ˵һжܴڽ


36 
ǳǽС
ǰʣ߽кĳ, 񳹵ױ˷棬ƺȳѪ
ɭ΢΢ü
սΪй, ֻʵЩܡ
ȻҲòӲͷƤվֹԷ뿪
Ǹ
ɭ侲ؿڣҲĸˣҵڹ·ϡ
»ܹ𣿡
Ļ˻ǿź˵ͷ­ô˵һ鷳
˵ڼ, Աһ߶Щض
ħ˺һ, ǿ
˵󲿷ʵǿħ, ʥԱУεĶʵѷɫһġ
֪, ֻҪħ, ͺܸ, ٷ֮ʮŵ޷ǵƬ
ңǶܵĿҲǿЩԴܵ˺, ϾǱһ
ܽһ೹ɱĹһħ˵Ҳֻ˵ļ
Σղŵħ˼Ȼɱ弶, Ѿʵ׵ˡ
Ȼ, ֻһʱ, ȻͿħ˵Դ
ԼҪ, ħʧȥԴ, ҲѸһ
Ҳ֪ʲôֶΣôֹħ˵
Ҫǻı, ҲҪһʱ, ҲЩˡ
ǹ次
ϳɱħ˵ļһ, Ǹͽˣ
ݣ͵Ǹ
˰Ԫۣ
Ȼû˸ΪǮġ
Ϊˣ
˵Ͷ˹ͨ塪
Ҳͣһʱ䣬ǶҲš
ĵıˣûжǵͶκιעֻһֱɭء
ɭҡҡͷ϶Է˵ǣ˵Ϊֲˣÿ칤ʮַء
ƨ
ڳ˼ͬ˵
ջƵأϺȵǸ滵ˣĳЩȦڲ˵˲֪
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ʲôܼɱħˣ
ϸڶֻ࣬ɱħ˵ʱ
Ҫ֪ھϢѾ˼£˶ħˣҲˡ
ۡ
ƺҲºֱܻЦˣϧΪҲ
һ䣬ӰԭһѾʮ׿⣬ѸԶȥ
ħ˵Դʧȥͷ­壬һˡ
û˭ǰֹֻվԭؿţ̲סɭء
ǾͿɭ˿ƺЩظĸо

ˣ


ʮĽ⹫·ϣ欵ӰٿȻһ١
ħʬ͵˲ʮס
һ룬ըֱ׵ӣѵĺۼӿ
ʮɫӫջҷβǣվ֮ڶ
ֻٴ˲ơ
ȻЩɫӫպʧֻԭ˼Ȧȫͣסˡ
ǵȴٴγֵĲʳߣغبڰС

˹ٴγʱЩԥ
˳ǡ
ɫӫڼʱٿȻεиٸϸС顣
ͼ¾£ƴϣȻЩȴƺλڲͬĿռֻͷӬһĴäĿת
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欻عͷѾһȺˡ
¡վʮ׿ĵطǹ°Χţ˫ۣЦЦؿ
ǿռΪʲôҪ·
ǡ
ЦһʱѧŶԷĿǷȥɲɣսƷҪΧɣ
Ŷ
üë˲عأҪñعأ˫깷ҪҪôû
˶һۡ
ڻھʹ˽
Ǽͬʱˡ
ٴθֳʮɫӫ⣬ֱֱĿꡣ
˾ֱȭŹž磬һһҼлࡣ

Щȫļ弶ߣʹһʱûʲôŵҲԲܱӡ
οվԭûĿȴ׷
˫۾ԽԽǷչĺ棬ͫ׶ԲΡ
Ϊʲô򣿡
ڶ⼸˵Ĺھиʱ˵
Լʶڣ¶ȸ¡
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ͷƺܿԷӣӦζţɱһħˣЩȫҲǰ׸
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ɱħ˵Ĺ̿ƺܿ죬ȻҲֱܴӺĿ˴
ȻⲢζһսؼǣҪһЩӦͻ¼
⻹ǳǸħϡ
ǼһʵԤŵ±ɵ鷳
¶ΪʲôҪ
ٴüΪħˣ
ľܸڿƣڸֿƵУԷǿʴֵġ
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ΪֱӶѶ̫󣬶˵ĴԻֲôֱ׵ġ
ʱһ˼ҪȥȡϢ
ԻöԷֱӸ𰸡
ֱӲ˵ˡ

״ҲûȤֻ۾ǰս֣Ȼռţȥò˶þܽ֡
ɭ˵ողһӾɱħˡ
ĻһıȻܴ˵Ѿǿ֮ĩˡ
ˡ
ŹǷѵ£ԱߵԼϡ

γǣڳ
ԥ뿪ɽеĻأ»ص˳ͣһҸ߼Ƶſڡ
Ĳ̨ϵ˵㣬ؾ߽йģʽͽӽ˻ˣת߽˴š
װ껪һӿվָָԼĹԡ
ԥ˹ȥ˱O77904523񣿡
˵ͷùԽͶӰֵܣǮúˬ찡ȷĿֻǶ͵ʵ
׷ĳ̫࣬е⣬ɱĿʲôز¶ĸ֡
ԥԴﲻǣҾƽƽҶܴ
ӶͷĵԼ·ȥɡ
ԥֱǰ¥ϵ򣬴̻Ի͵ĲߵһҰѵλá
ǰͷϢƺҲǸյã˶ʱ΢Ц
Ǹ
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òãҵĴҲ֪ʱ䰲ŵô
æҡͷѵ㣬ֻ̫ѵˣǧΪҶ˷ѵ
ȻҲ֪˭
Ǽһͽˣͬѧˣ欵֣˵ɱ˲ͨ
ҲԼ˰͡
˰ڵۣ
֪˹ͨļĸֶɳһֽɫҲȷʵֻˡ
ǣԥָָܱ㣬ҲȫΪʯ
͸һԴޱĽʺޡ
ÿ뵽¾ֱҧֻԼһûʯƭ֡
ܱ˹ͨӻָָܱܵˣԼˣ
Ǹƶ
ô£
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һվڹϣЩؿǣҶλӣ˰ɣ
һ˵һ֣ץĸ첲Ҫ
˦Է֣벻Ҫ
ȻǵˣҲ֪̬ļһҪôбҪôʵ
£Ҳֻܸôô죬ñͼֱӰ˴ȥ
ѹŻ򿪹ϵԤ¼𣿡

˼䣬Ҳ㿪˹ԣҲˡݣҸˣ죬ˡ
Ȼǿ˼ææˣƺȥҷԱѯʻûпλΪĿǶ·ˡ
˻ȥ
ԥһۣ䲻ؿڣʲô
𲻼˼شǸǵļôû
˵ʶԾ̧ͷϺַĿ⣬ʱ˸
ԥ˫ɭɫ۾ϣ𣿡
һ˲䣬Ŀƺ΢΢Ť
׹ѣȫ⡣
ʲʲô
˲ʵѹȸУѵſڣ˵ʲôˣ
˵ʲôˣ
ԥûа¶ȡ
ЩѻŪȥ
Ʃĳçײ³ĻǾ񣬵ʱеԼ
һתʹˣ׼⣬ȴ˵Ļȫܿơ
𣺡ǸļˣҲ֪ʲôˣҸɵĹӶˣͶòȻҲˣ߱½ֱɱ
Խ˵ɫԽǾ֣˺˫ɷף
ԥޱؿҲ֪ǻ
һ£ǲ֪һֱţûͷĳֻ˵鱨˵ݱ˴ìܣһǼٵģ
ԥϺ޲ҵͣ
ûϵҸ⡪
⻰ȥǷǳûθеѡ
ȻܵӰ״̬ڶĻ滰
һ˵һҲޱȣֻϿ緢Ϣ뿪ǣȻӶ˶ţֶ
ԥ˵ͷΪʲôҪɱ
нп֪࣬ԼòشЩԸԵˡ
һ࣬ϾֻܿòشԷ⡣
ȻԥŹκϸڣʵȫһ飬ֻܽȫȫβ˵
һ˽˿ռվǼĲҵռ鱨õģǸ췢Ŵܵ˿ռվ㽻ʯ
ĻȻҲˡ
ݼյ鱨֮΢һ£ƶϳȥ
ҹǺƣǲҵȻʯ˭Ҫ
ʹ಻ѵؽЩ
ԥҲȫˣԼϴԵǲֻ֣Ҫһ;÷θޱȡ
Ϣ
˵絽Ƶ꣬лҪ˵
˶촽ңһȥ˵ͣǻ񡭡
㷢
ԥһۣ˫ɫů⣬㲻ϢҾûˡ
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ԥԭԽΧ¥´
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˿Щؿǡ
ΪõĴʲôʮҪ£ˣ;лŻʲô
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ԥ΢΢°ͣ
ͬУͬͬרҵͬѧֻһ꣬ƺ﷢ë
£תͷҪ¶ЦͶһ˱ߡ
ԥѰͳˡ
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ԥü˺ܶˣ
ŷӦ亹乣ٿõ飬֪Ѿȫ¶
˵ʵԥҲûܵʲô˺ʱ־ʲô壬޷ǳǸͰˡ
ԼҲæҪǿԥ˹ͨ˽̵Ľʺһ˳ｫǸƶ˼䡣
綼ǸСƨʲôˡ
ͳ
˵ֱӽԵĴͶӰ㿴ѾûˣҪĻǸ
˵ֻ
ԥƳһۣҲ֪ǻûɱҲֻĿǰû졣
һʱò׼һ˵滰ٻ
Ϊԥ϶ǸСϵˣ⻰ֲô˼
ãúá
æͷұ֤ұ֤
š
ԥֱӴڰϿͣұ֤ǻڶ졣
ݼõɫʱѿ
𲻿ŵصһǱأ
ǲ֪˵˹Ӷ
Ȼǰǣ΢ĿţмʵˣмʱҰ͡
Ϊʲô
ԥĳӶоֹʼ˵Ϲôκˡ
ݼã
ֻΨΨŵŵӦˡ
ԥۿǣҲʲôھ뿪򣬷´￴ǣһɱ㡣
ǣ
Ҫȴסˡ
û⣬ߡ
ͷסĺŭ
˭Ǽ򲻹һ
˵򲻹ʮӶŲס
ʶռվӰ
ںԥսĹ̡
ʱĺԥѾܶԸһ񻹱˹ͨĸָ㣬϶ͬն
Ҳ͵Ϊֹˡ
һҧһš
֪ԥһжرҪһ㡣
иƽƽͬѧڼרҵϵʵսѵ˺ԥһæ
Ǹͬѧ۸ԥΪرϧ˼ҵѧЩѧ
֮µһԸлһѡ
˵͵ʴףպĿͬѧͼϵϣ϶ٶʲô

ȥ֮󣬺ԥŸ请˸
ŴζŽͨȥе㲻ͷԼʲô¡
ϰá
Ӷּֿ˵ڲӵлƵ
ƺŤͷȥԱߵ˵ͬʱס˷硣
һƬ
ʮӣŮٴ𣬡֮󡣡
ԥʲô£
㰡
ӶЩ˵ôֻ˸ն˺ţˣԭҲںʲô£
İ͡
ԥ˿ͣϡݼõɣˡ
ţ
请ʵԹʶˣ
ԥĬȻƬ̣ǣǸʶ˲塣
ôһ˵Էû²ֻǵһ䣬Ǹ𣿡
ԥûֻ뿪Ӧÿ쵽ո˰ɡ
𡣡
Ӧһֱӽ
ԥ˿Եĵ̾˿Ҳûٸȥ

г
ĳոڲ
شվ¥ҵͣڲλϵķɴ
ǶԼĴ˵һߣƫƫǰյ˾Լɴİȫϵͳ⵽ƻ
ȻҪ͵Ĵ
Ӵ͵
֣ڰǶϡ档
Щļ񣬾Ȼǣ
ҧгݵصĴûߣҵǼһһҪж˿飡
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죬¾ô𡣡
ˣЦ
صԥʲôǼû䣬˹ͨ߹һؼңһǸ֮أ
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ݼЩɻضһۣô£
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չﾲĵģĴſ¼ζԭڴĴԱδӭӣʧһ
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ܿ죬ڳˣʾûκˡ
ٴǰУͨתһսǣŲȻסˡ
Ǻá
иӶˣź֣ڽϣһǻһ¡
ǿȥˡ


37 
˭
ɲؿ
û˵
ͼԼǷԷ, ȴȫûͷ
ڻǶݼʱҲǻ˶Ŷɳ, õ½˺޲
ʵ诺ӡ
ֻǵԼڻǼְˣϾǱͯ١
˭
һ飬Ӷ˭ģ
, , Ҳǿ, ϾȻûбҰ͡
Ӷ̯֣˭гء
ɤл, ȥǳ, оᳬʮꡣ
ü
ӶĿͰʽ, °ڵʵʵֻ͸Ƭϡһ˫д˳ĺɫ
ڹӶŨ΢ĺڷ, ӺȻһ
ɱ
˵ŭصڴ
һǸĻƶ
Ϊǰ£һ·϶ڶǸŮƬ
ڣӶŲ԰㲵, ڷ۵ӡȻһ￴ȥЩ, ϸոյĻ, Ȼͬһˣ
, Ҳûбĳˣ
ҲͲµ˶Էݡ
ȥ
Ҳûš
ǰһ߬, ץյĶ
յĲձϣٿȻðһһɫ, Ϲļ񵹴, ȥΪˡ
ڼƿ, ֱǰչȥĿֱۺʹȡ
ֻҪЩиѪ⣬Ϲ˵֫˺
ҲʶֳĶ
˫ʮַָǰ״ĲƺŤˡ
ѹεĿ·һε诵ֽŶԭ˶á
Чˣ
иֳϲ
ֳķӦ͹ӶķɫɫϣҲ³˺ߵݡ
ҲһγΪӶһʱ䣬ֻһļҲʲô֡
ɱһֻҪϿؼңԥΣ

ƻǵļƻڱӦʯ˹ͨͶϣǹĨֺúԥֱвȡش뿪
յ࣬ҲһæͷȻʲôôû̵
ԽԽѪ˿ֱ£ѹס˹Ӷֽš
ֻҪһ£ǾܳȥֳͻὫ֫⣬ͻ
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֮
诵֫סǶ뵽ºͿӵĸϲС
·ǸĥϣҲᱻ׸ƣʱȻܲס
˭
ϸֳŤЦݣ͵һ߬ȭͷҪĸ첲ȡ
𣿡
ڷӶͷ
һ룬ֱҫ׵ĵ⣬â˳һ·շתٱ鲼ձڡ
׷ױѿ
ɫҰ׵غ˼
ײϣ߻˻ΣҲάֲס
Ӷվԭأ˫ִ࣬첲ϲƵ׹ⱼ
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˳ѵ·Ѹ߱鲼ȣ˽ձں͵ذ塣
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ڰɱĹӶ˵Ǻѱ׼ģ߹ϵͲͬˡ
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ԥĬˡ
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ԥŽͨʱʱ䡣
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ԹӶֳȷѪսɱеķʽ
ԥܾǱѡ·ԼСֻûˡ
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췢ЦЦ˵һ治װ
ԥͷʹޱȡ
ȻΪʲô欲Լ뿪ˡ

读ص˹Ԣ
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ƺҲ˵˺˲̫һԼȥܡ
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ָָű߶ѻĳߴ粻ͬİɫʯɢɢܹʮ飬˵Թɼˡ
诣ȥҸʵĿ꣬ţһֱսսľпɼ
΢΢ף׼Ҹһ֡
ԱߵŮЩԻؿһۣԵװЩʯ๦׿ڴ
֪뵽ʲô˷ƺҪ͸⣬˫۾ڴ
ڷ갲شע
߿ĿϸָŲֽҽƵϰӪҺһһװá
ȻһƿӦѹƺԥǷҪš
ֱӿڽСľᣬҲֻ
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죬˸ޣ
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΢΢ü֪𰸣
诣˰ɡ
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Ҳûپ⣬ֻǿĵһ䣬ҵĳˣ
š
ڸ£Լ²˺ԥ˵ĻŴȥء
ȥʲô

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ȻҲͲ˺ܶꡣ
ƲƲ죺ܾǱѡŸһУҲŲǣĲϲѧУʱʲôѧ
ĲϲѧУ
ԱߵظһĻȥ
诶ʱȻ
ǸѧУǰûϹѧԼ辭ƺӦ˵ղ仰
ˡ
һ˲䣬诿ʼʡԼǲڶǰ̫ˡ
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⣬Ϊ֪ʹȻŻ֮ɢظУҲܾǵľˡ
诣ţȷʵûϹѧУ
⻰ģ
诣ҿƵҲĳЩѧУĵӰӾ磡
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ڰǵӶʱ䣬ûȥؿ翴ӰżҲˢһЩƵ͡
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ѪƬǰƬУ԰ĹµȻҲǱزٵġ
诣ҲϲַΧһҵĹأһҲòӹضĻ
⻰ϸȥƺô
Ͼĳ˵ĻԶʧȥ
ȻΪǵĹӶǼƻӦƻΪģ˵ֻ
Ȼֻǵɨһۡ
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ʼ磬϶Ҳкõһ棬ȥʱ򣬻Ȱĵطڵһλ
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ЩȣһΪ˵ʧܾǷ֮ġ
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ȻʶԷ˵ĿǱȽԴ󲿷˻ǲҪôõģ
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ɡ
ͷ׼ˣϣһɣҶûʲôˣ
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课ǻԼʱĺϴǼҵķ衪
ؿȻ˵ɡ
δ䣬ֱ֣޳ָסŮļ׽Լ
һȥҰʱһƬҡ
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̹ǵĺѩ
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š
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˵ĬĬú֣סΨһ¶Ĳλ
۳ĸۿֻһƬãȻİɫ
û
诣
عͷȥһȦΧѾһˡ
诹վɽϣ̶ʮʱ䣬Ͼһ㱡ѩ

⸽ʲôԼʵ൱ޡ
诿ʼ߶
װأ׵·ʲôĲϣֻзˮĥ԰ˡ
ΪԶ˵ߣ价ӰҲô
Ҳ䣬˶ѡ
ж裬ѪҺҲᣬ۵׵ȻֱߣӦſʱᷢ͵Ϯ
ɽһƬףֻѩƮ
ż֦սŶһѩ֦Ȿѹֶѣ׻ѩűһк¡
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µĵȻ΢
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ޱš
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סһغ֦ٴν˸߸ֵ֦ϡ
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ԭȵϵĻѩ׷ǱһɨаƺƵѩڸҰ
ƾĸй٣ǿˣֻһ㱡ĺںɫĵϣƺʲôϳ鶯
һӰʮ߮ٶȼ죬ѩڵԱ׽
ʲô
诽Լ֪޹һ飬²˼ܵĶ
ûһǰʮԶĵطһƬѩƷɵУĴɽ
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ͬʱԲʮڵߵĴ룬ʼǸ£һʱٵӰ
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濴ǸֱԼ׵мһž޴ŰɫĺĤϸխĺںͫף۰ﲼϸϸѪ˿
ǿΧϸë֪ǽëǸϸĴ롣
֮⣬ǸĿٵĶֻһԲӣֻϸĺɫ롣
ʱ˿̣ת˹ضϵࡣ
һ룬ЩɫϣҲСС۾
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һǳҰɣ
˵ǧֻ˵۾ţоʵǲ̫á
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ƶû˹ġ֪ĺܻ˵治Ϊʲô㵽ڻǵ
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38 
Ǿ޴, ûٻظ
诹ص˵ʼغš
߷
ʶͷϮĹ
һӰͷϷɨ, ض
Ĵ롣
ȷǳذװУγʱһƬϸľмѩ
ͬһʱ䣬ץסҪջصĴ롣
Լ, ץüΪʹ, սʲôѵ, ͬʱﴫĴС
ݡ
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ѪʱĨ֡
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ˡ
, ʮӲͬϮ, ƿڶ
诶м䲻סǸĴ, ̺þˡ
ץס첲ƺҪֱӲش˺
ѩ谵ٿȻõĵ⣬˻ĵ˲Ѫ⡣
𽹺ζ
ͬʱ, ֦, ֱҫ۵ĵ绡Ծ, 塣
ʼƶ, һִסľ, ͵ؽקȥ
Ѹ󵹷ɣӭĵһ
诸׷ȥ, Щٴ, ֱӽһÿľӵӲ, ӭͷ¡
ϵĻѩ׷ѩеѩȻƮ䣬Ĵȫǰɫ
޵Ӱƺģ塣
ִקָȭ̵ĻȦһȭӭϡ
ɶʱӵѿ
ƤľĴ䣬һҫɫ⡣
ٴηϮһصԣ˦ֱֵ̼һšһС
̫һӲӲжľϿһ̣ƺҲ˺ˡ
ϵ֦ҡţ˴Ƭѩͱ
̶̼ӵʱ䣬ѾѪֱָı鲼˺ۣϸľмƤ
汻ѪҺȾһŤĺ컨

ƺҲеˣԻ
诳ûĥһ
ûƵʹҪ֮ǰ˵Ҫľɡ
˵ô˵ԼҲҪѶִٴܡ
ûɣֻԼƣǲһ𣿣
ּż˫ľ롣
ļʱԲٶڵľ׷ױ۶ϣѩϲѵ֦ľм
ƽϵƶٶȲǺܸߣеߣһִֻˣҲ¶ƣ̬
ӵѾѵֵ̼
ֱ߻âʢХŻƣԽԽ࣬ԽԽҵŰۼ

Ǽľһ̡
ܵķﲶ׽ϮĺӰȻܻỨʱ䣬ֿܻٴߡ
ҧԾ𣬽˹ȥ
۵ĵâ̴˷ѩ

򼸺ը˰壬ŵ˵ϡ
Ҳòȥ
γᴩؿڵĴ룬Ƕոմ˷ÿκʹҪ
бб˼ָоЧˣܿȫʼۡ
ˣûǲһǿĹˡ
Ϊûٶ򲹵߳ʮ֮ŵڵϣ־һ·ͼԶ

˼ӣʲô˵˵
ԶδݻٵһȺ˳
ǶʵϸֱװӦоУﻹŲͬ
ȥһӹӶˡ
Բۣ
ȿ˵ڵϵ򣬡ǱޣӦ壡
û죡ɱ
Աߵ˴һ򣡡
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诱Ѿڵʬֱҧ˸ŵӲԼ
һ
ι㣡
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ڰǵ˵ǿˡ
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ǲķŹԼǲԼж˲ðȻǰ
һǱȻȷƺأƻȫ
ʵҲû
Ϊô˫Ҳ

һʱ䡣
վʱȺ˶ʱ豶
ԭոͷļһҲֹͣ˶ӵؿ
ڣȺӶֳˣһһѾ˵ڵϵޡ
ֵȼޣһǹеǺģӵܴϼ֣Աȴ˺
һ˹ȥ˾Ÿ¼⵶ͼпʱ
ʮ̱ڵϵĴ͵ػӸסֽţȻ
˾ҵȻܷŵ磬Ҳûκܱ˴
˺ˡ
ѪҺƽڵϣҲϡﻩعѩһƬĿ졣
˵ĲҽƺصѩɽУӶǷ׷׻ͷ¶Ȼŭ֮ɫ
ϴǶ첻ˡ
ո˺һ֮޵Ĵٴήҵصڵϣȥþ
û˸ȥ֤ǲġ
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ͷĹӶ˵Ťͷ诵λãȰɱݣأ
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Ϊ޾͵ƺҲû·ɱ
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ոջԡѪļһʱѾƾʧˡ
Ӷ𾪵ؿſһ˵ѩء
ۼƳϵѪԼѩϵĽӡǱˣһ
һ˵һҪ׷ȥ˼ؿںȻһʹ

˼صͷ
ǰĺڷŮջ˴ȭͷȭϵļѪ
磡
Ա˼һеֳ̼˹
ٴ⡣
ոװ˼˻վԭĵþȺ˸йٲ
ȻĶˡ
ɹ͵ϮɵǸġ
Ǽһ·Ų̬ҲҿԼĿǾ衣
ϡʵļһܸڶʲô
ңҪǣȺʵǿ
Ǹոտ޵ʬʱƺǳ𾪺;ϲ˺һʱ򡪡
ʵǿߣô
ΪǷַӾ׬Ǯ

ֻ֮սͶݶˡ
Щ鲻ޣӶ֮ɱЧʣÿιĲλ
˵ʵȫʢ״̬иЩʱ⡣
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ץסˣ
һһץס󣬡ĵΧֻи첲ɱ
סڷŮؽڡ
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ӶһؿڣҪ־͹ûжѡ
౻ᴩ˲䣬课ǰڡ

Լ
л㱵ţӦǸûᣬֻҪԼץסǰѵͿ԰ѶԷ
·ܶˡ
ǡ
̫ˡ
ȫֱԭѵҲùڳء

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ԭȺľƺԲЩ
ͷŵʱ֮ȥıѹƵĸоҲȻʧˣĳּ顣
ѣ
ڡ
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ڷŮ̧Ѫ۵˫峺ٿȻӯ貵ĵ⣬ذĻ档
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׵ƿѾ㹻
ˣڸƱ˲䣬޵Ĺ򱻽׵Ҳµĸ߶ȡ
⻡ָϸ첲ϼ米Լ˫ȣֱȫŶҫ۵ĻԹ⡣
ǿĵѹ˿ⱬת˲ᴩһ߾Ѫ֮
Ҫ𡣡
诽µĵȻķѣ̵Ĺݺύ˳׵׵Ľ
ǰΧסĹӶǣʱһһصȥ
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ǵϤյýڣƤϲд֦״׻·ȫѡ
ڵϴ
ͳڴʯһۣĹһЩǱһ㡣
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ؿֶһˣʹ֮⣬ƺҲûӰ졣
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޵࣡
һ
诵ؿڻһһۡ
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ƣһȳһյ߹ȥ߹Ӷǵʬ壬߹һƬǽսʮ֮ڡ
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һסȣ͵ƺҪˤ

治ɫزȥ
ͬһʱ䣬Ľűҫ貵ĵ⡣
һֻϸĻ׵磬Ѫ߰ߵ˫ȣ˻лֱڡ
벻ɣ
˸ָȫˡ

ڵʬ
һ뱻֮ƺ׷ˣûһ̱š
ҲָԼٻغϡ
ȻŽ䱸
ʵϣǼֵһ࣬ˡ
ϾѾɡ
ңոϢһʱ䣬Ҳһֱţ˵ѾָһЩž׼ɱ
ǸðȻȴ˺ߣ
֪򲻺öԸΪǮαðգ
Ȼол㱵һȥʮƮ죬ǴӺԶĵط
ҵ಻Ǯ

Щֱˡ
˵
ȵȡ
ȥûз٣ոƺͨģ
ͨ޷ʽĹͨߣþܵˣҲûʲôʡ
诣ཻܺ
ҲΪޣҵ಻Ǯ
Ǹظһ飬Բһ飬޺ҳòһ
⻹Ҫ𣿣
ûĸܺ˽̶ֳȵĽ
Ļ϶ͲޣҲͲᱻϿɵ嵥͵ˡ
ѾǻˣܳΪϷ֡
Ҫ֪Ǹʸɲǳġ
Ͼͬвͬ

ʱֹͣ˼ֻ¶쳣ס
УλûֵܣֹͣսиҪ㲻ֱ߽ܶǱߵ
ָָδսݻٵ֡
ԶǱֻѩĻһƬģĺӰ
诣ֻҪߴ붯һ£ǾͲݡ
ͬˡ
ˣ˫Ž䱸ǳع۲ŶԷ

һעһ߼ЩӶʬ塣
ϧǣ˱˺ˣ˶ǱֵǮĵ豸Ҳˡ
ҲֻһЩһ¼ֵźط˶Ǯ
վԶʬ߽
ż۵Ĵ̹Ǻ磬һȳһյɽǰУȳһѪĽӡЩӡֱܿѩ
说Ŀ԰׵֣ڼ伸ˤɽеĹٰ֣Լѩ
СʱĿϵѩˮǰȫĺ
ϷĻɫա
ϵΧһȦͺͺİɫľұһƬյأͣһźػѩСɴ
ҾͲµд
صͷҲдˡ


39 
ոȺӶʵƽƽ, ҿ˭ǿռߡ
ǵƬѩɽûоסأǾӦǳĳؾ߹ġ
½, ҪôǷɴ
ؾߣֵȴӹӶϰװҪߵöࡣ
뵽ȲɽԽѰңҲú˷ʱ䡣
ɴȻõĽ
ΪһǳΪǿߺǿյ, ׬Ǯ֮һɴ
Ȼ, ڴϷż绨ķȤ, һеǰᶼ򴬡
ϾǼ֮ǰʵ, Ҳ׬Ԫ, Ѷ㹻ˡ
ʹǰѵĹԢȥס߼Ƶ, Ҳ´ࡣ
ɴĻѾһȼˡ
ѡ̫ʵĴ΢ЩĴʲô, ҲҪ𲽡
ȥϿЩĴָָ⣬Ҫ߰ȫϵ, ͻҪ߼λ
˲һ֡Ҫֱôܼǧ˵ĸо
άһҴĻ, ȼԴ, С֡
и, ƩҪ, Ǿ͸鷳ˡ
콵һҷɴǾͲһˣ
̾ϵ, һһؿȥ, ܿ˷ܵվ˷ɴǰ
϶ѻѩ, ȻѾͣһʱ䣬Ҳ״̬
СɴʮңĵһЩѩͿǷŹīɫ
״һöӵβԲ棬һȾ޴ķβţͷ£ɼǣźӵĴ
ɴ໹һţֻǳߴȴβĲСࡣ
ΧŷɴȦ
ûҵûпװ߸ؾߵĽṹ
Իųս̽մ
ӴβǸŵĳߴɴĺ벿֣Ӧǻˡ
Ǿζš
һС䴬
һȺӶΪʲô䴬
ģҲǡҪֵˣ˵ͼչġ
ңȺֻĴУٶҲԶԶڷɴ
ʹǲٶȼ䴬ʹ䴬Ƚϱ˵ͺšҲȾҪ졣
ٲֳǹټֵԶԶͨСɴˡ
ڴĲſվְһ°ȫ壬ɴϨ״̬
Ķ˰ȫϵͳͬʱͶһɨĻ
Ѹٱ˹Ӷģ
沿ͺĤɨ֮󣬲Զ򿪡
һŹӶҲְݵģԼҪΪ·һ߽˴
Žȥһ̶̵ĹǰһƬԲεϢһĳߴ硣
мɢҶһЩװΧƾɵɳ
ϢҵǽűڵƣмܣϲŹŸ߰ĵߣҽƵͨѶеӦоУЩı˻
ǽ·һǶʽİˮףˮԵֲɫ׺ſݻƵҶӣȥġ
ͷͨʻңļŶŴԱҡ
诿һȦÿ״öһһǳС䣬һС̨һŵ˴ϷǴ񣬴Ա߾ϴĻܿɴķ羰
мҾ϶ѻһҳȻһʱ䶼ʹá
ЩӶסڴϣֻͳڣͻγǵķ˯
ҪôǸոհҴ¡
Ϣﴬβţֱͨգ߽ȥտյһңм򿪵ӪҺװС
诿°װϵıڣֶ
ҵȷɴ²װ壬诽з䶼һ顣
̫ЩϢȷҴûĻˣõĴʱ͵Ϯ
ǵġ

ҴһȦֻ֮صϢ˼ʻҡ
ΪûûλԵʣֻһλҲԵӵ
СʻҵƤϣĦȭƵؿǰĲ̨׼֡
Ȼûпɴ
ƵĽ̳̣ȫϢ豸Խгʽϰ
ײҲ֮⣬ڸ߳ģ֮£ʻΣӦѵʵﲢ޲
ܶʻԱϰġ
ʱûǸʱ䣬ֻҪƵҲܶһЩ
Ǻʱ꣬ɴͺŷ࣬ǧͣͬɴļʻҽṹҲͬ
һЩͨġ
ƩֱߵͨѶ壬һЩѶϢעķˣԿո۵ͨѶվ
ЩγڲĿոۣЩǳǵĿոۡ
ұźźԴԼµĺļ㡣
мǵϵͳȫϢͶӰĵͼɫѩɽͺԼʺԲ㣬ӦָҴ
϶һµͼΧԲʮﶼѩɽ
ָм仮һ£ͼСٻһ£ֱӱͶӰ
תͶӰҵγǵλãγʮո۶졣
һ빫ԢϽĿոۣ£ǱͨѶĴһܿʾһϢ
Ϣ˳ɴͺţC3
Ԥķɴʱ䣬ԼԤԼͣλǸݷɴߴԤƵִʱġ
ȷҪȥǱ߽䣬ҪȽһСʴλ
ûŵȷ
ѡγһǳǣһ̵꣬ṩɴװɨȷ
ȺӶʵƽƽȻʶʲôˣʲǫ̂
课Ȱͷ档
ɴպܣɣ泬֮ѡԶ״̬
СԶʻϵͳʹԶУҲҪݵϵͳָʾֶٿط߶ȡ
ǰе״̬ֲѶȺСϿƵ֪ô
ұϾ䴩ķɴֻЩ̫ѲųƵв
ڷʱִӰҴķС
ɴô
Ϊûͨϵͳûȥÿɴ滮ߣȥɴڿײ
ȻɴҲ״źԴһ֮ڣ˴˼䶼Ի̽⡣
ʹˣЩԼصĳ¹ʻżʡɴͷɴɴ
诲ҿ̫죬Լòѡ
һСʱϴķ羰仯׵ɭ˰ããѩɽԭ
ִĿصʮǳǡ
Ǽ̵ڳıԵȦһƬֻͣͣһЩ
ͣ괬ܣ诽߰Ķʰһ£ȫѵϢм䣬ת´
Ϊʱû˿ͣܿϰ壬ɲرʾԼҪҷɴ
ϰۣǴ͵ĹӶװϿ࣬ᡣ
û⡣
ϰЦѯҪҪԱ
诣Ҳס⸽뿴ǵײ͡
ҴҲҪһˡ
ӶǴоƬˣ˺ˣԺоƬ
һڴʣµĹԣϧ˻ࡣ
ɴĸѶˣλ˻ֻᣬԼһЩȽϼ򵥵ĸװ
վĻǰײݣֿʼͿɫ
ʵ볢һЩȥ۵ɫ
ȻԼָʲôʱͻᱻ¡һͣûǵ͵һЩ
读عżĿոۣ󲿷ַɴʵǺڰ׻ɫͿ᲻࣬ʰ쵵ĸ١
诣ɫѡңɫס
ԺԼĴУͷϹżʮҲηʱһҪȾ̫У
ϰ𣿡
룬ɣ
Ĵʲô
һ˲䣬֣ƽʱԼиɴĽ
ⷽƺڵѡѣÿֶܺ棬һʱò⡣
诣ǸҴٸ㡣
ϰóˣһĻ˷ɴͺţǸͽ˴ա
һڷɴŷɴתַٵɢҶƬн䶼ûŹɨۿɼرøɾ
诿һ۾ʮ⣬ͷʼæԼ¡
ù˸СϷԼ˼š
Ӻ
诣ϰ壬⴬а׸š
ϰȻҲ棬治ɫصͷõģѡɫ
ĻϷ˷ߺŰɣ417ңҴʹͷ
ԭȵīɫͿǳɫֱϺͶˡ
һЩԴȼͣǸӶ˻Ǯͱȥ˴롣
诳ûһͺţ˾ɭء¡۲Ĵ󽢣Ҳ˾ġ
ɭҼֵڵĴ󽢲ͬС䴬۸񲻵һǧ
һ»ļ۸
Щ㱵ؿǰɴһ£ոµͿ
ԼҲ۴󼸰ˣ
ңӽǴˣ
ȻûдԱ

ͬʱոսγǵɭؽӵһͨѶ
ڷ۵˿ϣʾЩƣط
ͨ󣬶Ȼŭĳ
أΪʲôֲ
Ӧڴܡ
ɭ˵˹ͨˣһЩǸ˾ͻħʬˡ
⻰˵˼ԣںǸʬ塣
Ǳ߳ĬƬַ̣ܿ˲ݾܾ
ǻûʵҵˣ
ɭأôͣʲôϢûС
ǣ⸱ɢ̬ȣֲñ˽ҵ˶֪
Ǳŭл׵𻵼¼ѹء׵ܣ
ɭĬĬ졣
벻ȥЩ¼ֻǻħ˵£ֻȥһ˿ֳô졣
οԼܸоƺ̫¡
ʵԼҲһʵĿ֮⣬ɭضĶ᲻̫Ȥ
ȥĥ뷨ֻϣ±̫ӰԼ
ɭ̾˿ֿʼͷ鿴ϥϵģͶӰһһ߻ظ
Ǿ͹Ҹͣӵ׵ͱˡ
룬ϡ
ǣ
ЦļҲҴؿƼķֲǸԪ߿϶Ѿˣ
˼רʵʱǲԸǴô
ɭҲʼЦҿ⡣
㾹볤˵
ɭأ˼Ϊǳ곤ȴô̲ˡ
㣡
˲Ȼŭǲǡ
׵ߣⷶΧɾСˣҲᳬλ
ɭص˵һֻǵı£ǵ;ͻǴˣϣ𣿡
㣡ôС¶ѵҪ֪ļߣҲǵĵ𣿡
˵׻Ϊӡ
¡͵ˣҲǼߣͺΪС
ɭأУץҲ޹ء
ȻܵԼļһ
˵㲻϶⣬ҲδչֳðܾöԷбͼ
ͣʮͽ𣡡
˵˭˭ģǵĵȥ磬Ѿ桪
ɭЩϻҶ
Ҽǵ֮ǰ˵
ԱߵиˣԱɱˣǴĶ󡣡
Ȼϵ˽Ķ࣬΢΢ҡͷǺˡ
˸ơ
ɭ̿ˡ
Ǹ˿ˣǱ˵Ļм̡
˵Ѿˡ
ɭû˵
¡
̽ʵ費Ҫȥô
ãʲô£
ɭҡҡͷǱߵ
ĬĬȥϵˡ

ʲô
ǳǽĹ·ԱߣվԱߣ˦մѪĳ£¶ݵļ
ŰɫƬͷʬ壬ڲԶĵϣɱװ
ɭأˣʬõˡ
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һȥ۹Ĥ˹СĵصݸϰϵѪ
˺һմĹĤһݺύ˿ڣۿɼٶϡ
ӹµ·
ͷ欴ˣν߾ʹ߰ɣֵǮ
һչ˵ĺӵʲôϢŵתܡ
ݰ˹ڳ弶ߣڽ𶦾Ƶˣڰֶǲˡ
ǲǿ¡Ĳҵȫںתһ룬˵Щϵ
ʲôˣ
һݰ壬ĻϷͶӰƺɫ̷Ц䡣
ۡ
ЦһȻϳʯĿˡ
ԱһۣԹΪ
ȥһ˵ġ
˵չ˵ڹҲ۵ð˵ɱ
ԼҹǺ˾޺øУոֱսƷûħչ˵ɱģȻԼֶ߲ʱҵħˣǼһȫǼ©ģ
ֻҪٵȼӣԼ͵ˣֲɱħˣ
ڣ͹ԼǸպļһ˭ˣﶼּɡ
һ֣ùǣǴǵĵ̾С
ͷ漴˵˰͵¡
ʮڣ
Щôȷ弶ߣܵģҲУɣҵǮ

гոۡ
诿ŷɴʱȫ֪ԼѾʽΪ۶ʮڵ
͹Աּۻۡ
ʲôͣһҪǧԪ
诲ŵʵͣôѵøŻ⴬ôСǱ߼Ҫˣ
ѾŻݼˡ
ԱޱؿѡĲλ۸ÿСʱһԪһԸȫãۡ
诣ûлԱ֮ģ
ԱûУﲻǾֲ
诣˭˵ֲлԱֱ̲궼أ
ԱѴ̲ͣɡ
诣
̫ˣ̫ˣ
ȻγǳһЩרͣɴĵطΪṩͣ񣬼۸һЩ
ֵطͨȽԶҰȫûôߣָͱ˲Žȥϴһա
һߡ
ЩµĿո·ĸʾͺܵˡ
诽һǮ׼عԢ˯һ˳㿴ܲܵȵѸԼظѪ
ո̤ûüȥ¥ϴ裬ȻյϢ
λ䴬ʾԼˬոսԥʹһ١
һ̧ͷӭײ˴ͻĶѡ
ůڵչ⴩룬ڷӢԡڹ
תͷ˫ǳǳʱڳѿ̡
Ϣ
诶ʱϲȣҼˣΣԼĴˡ
뵽пܴĳЩϵ
ŷʣֻǽﾫµİװ˹ȫǵġ
ͷʺŵؽӹȻϳϤ̱꣬ͷһϵϢ

说ϲҵı裬лл㣡ã
ɣ
񲻾ǰе˲һ
Ȼ󣬹˼ӣǰСҧܣЩɻ̧ͷ
诣ǵ¥ȥһ㲻Ƕ͵ſڵ𣿡

ɵʱʮϬ
ԲڳɼܣǸļҵûˣԼȥõġ
诣
֪Բ˭ˡ
ɿȥƺܲˬܵÿ죬ȥʱѾˣҰǵԴš
诣


40 
ǧ֮ĻɽС
ԥؿһÿ, ңʮյĹ·
ɪ紵鲼˿ںŧֱۣһܵս
ַ۵ͷ, Ҫ鿴һ˿ڣȴƳһĨɫ

ԥ͵
һ룬ԭڵĵطΧԽŨ, ̱ǵϢ
ԥֻޱȡ
û˵仰, ھƵ, ⵹Ҳȫ֮С
ﻹЩڴ, Ͼǰɼ, ԥϣ, ˵ԼԴܶԷ
ĳ̶ֳһѩǰܡȻӦԷɱӰҲС
ϧ, ˼ҲȻĶ֡
ңǼһƤһô˦˦, ǰ˲˼ζûܳɹ

Եɫ, 췢˵Ӱֳ, ӿܳ԰
תۼ, ϰѾ, ֱظ¾ͶǷӿ
ô˲ơ
˳, ϵĶЫԽ, ɼ˰
, ȴԹߺͶ⣬ȻҲ֪ʯɡ
һνʱ˲಻СξܴлأպȻָ
ôʯ˹ͨūš
ҧгݵ˵װǣζܲɡ
δ䣬ֱ߶ۼӹʱĲҶ˲ή
һֹζǳǳζֺܲȻ˹ϳɵ㾫
ԥǳֶֻҪһ㣬Ͳ롣
һ
һεĿռѺ̸֣ɫ˿ҫ
ԥĿռ䱻иһϲ㣬ʮ־֮⣬κʶһռ
ˣЩֻѲ߮޷ȫϡ
Ҳᱻ롣
ǸҲʶ㣬ǴжҲ㣬ֻǸ˻İɣ
ԥָָԣҪǮĻҿԸ㡪⣬ҺΪʲôʧûҡ
˵أ
ضĿ꣬Щ۵ļʸ
ֻҪԷ¶һ˿ͻ롣
Ȼ֪ʯ˹ͨ壬˭аҪȥ
ЦһΪֻǮ⸶ǹ˾ʧֻǱһʽҲȱһ㡪
ԥѾµҪ˵ʲôˡ
췢΢΢ۣͼԽԽƺʾļ
үɱӵĴԱΪ¾͹ȥ˰ɣ
Ȼ
ԥάұɱǡ
һӣ㲻Ҫ˵Ϊǹ㣬㻹ˣܵ٣ѵָˡ
ǣ
ԥҵʱֻ봩ǼңȴĴԱڷĶЩغĵĻȳţĴԱ˽Υ
ֻ˳ֽǶ߻ٵ˭֪ǸԱ˹ȥҪһ𹥻
ǸԱȻʲô֣ȴҲΪ˸Ͽ뿪ֻʹɱС
΢ըҩǧɣ
ԥ˿ǰĺ췢ˣǵĴҪȥģ֪ǻᱻʲô֪ǻᱻɱ˭ǸȺ
İ͸ûһˡ
Цϣǻȳϵضǡ
ȻҲΪǵİЩࡣ
Ƕ˴ģ
ԥֻöԷΪЩＯ˽֪֪ÿжٱǺˡ
ȣǶҵĹǺϷġ
ؿеЩм
ΣүĲںɡ
ȷʵ
Ļ
ԥҡҡͷ
ԼǸǵҲһƬң־ݲŷݣǱߵҲϰˡ
ҹǺΪߵķＯŸǷ˽עṫ˾ֻҪץΣûеǵȨ
ңɲͬϷҩʳͳ˹ƻΥƷ
Ȼ󣬷ＯŸ࣬ĳЩΥƷҲҲ˽ӡ
˵ЩעĿ羳Ĺ˾ûĸȫɾġ
ħֵս֮½Ƶżʡ
ƿ²ǰǣＯŵĻҲޱȣοء

ԥһǿƽ
̫ŭ侲ܾ޷ά޷ֿռи״̬Щͻ
ԥ԰ɣԴɱЩˣЩ߷ǵսˡ
˰֮⣬Ҳͨ»ǹ˵ġ
⣿д򲻹ͼռݵ¸ߵˣ
Щ̵ؿЩνĿɾľˣϵòȻʵֻһȺĵ
һЩ˻ܡ
ԥסˡ
Ҳɫɫˣ̶ֳȵԻ
ţַŭ
ԥԼǣоΪ˱ƽǵսľˡ
ǲֻΪ˱ڣȴˡ
ǡ
ȻЦһѾûԼֶֶŮʬ壬ǹ·гɼ鶪ˮ
ԥŵؿ
ǣ̸ұ죬Ҳʲô˹ͨ壬ҲҪɱ㣬ĿƸʬҵӶЭſڡ
һ˲䣬ԥȫ˵
ôǷ˹ͨ壬ҪʲôۣŭķӶԳС
οԼҲֻΪ׶ܵ˹ͨӻˣ㲻ǵˡ
ԥһ㡣
ûм˵
˼ӣƽЦһ
ӵжãԵסĶʤЩͨ
׬Ǯ֮һȥ˰ˣأһȺĶ
췢شڸзӿ
ʲôأԥǵĶֻΪǶðɣѵǵĴ֮ǰ֪Υɵô
ԥû˵
ŹЩԣڵϺ֮ǰĿɲǳͶƣҲٶ˵Ķ
ֻǵõЩʯȻ׸˹ͨ壬õô
֮⣬ֻʣνԼδλ͵Ĵˡ
Ρ
ԥûԼǺˡ
ΪʲôָԷΪ˴ӵռŵˬУΪ򲻹Էֻܴ֣ⷽ
ǾþԼûôȴǱҪࣿ
ִҪǸ˱һ
Щ¶Զ˺ʣܶʱȻҪάһЩԭ򣬻ֻԼҪ⣿
ԲһֱҪǸС뿪ǣҪȥѧȥ˶Է־
ҲֻʱԼֻһЩ޷ԿصǴ
ԥЩҵš
ʵôα
ǶȣȥЩڵĽڣͻóһЩ

ַ۵ԭأ߰ͷ
һ̣ߺǵĿռϲ㣬Ȼ¶
ʵδֹսֵļأ״ץס˻ᡣ
ɫͬ߰϶ԥʱͣǱ̻Ĵ
һϵб仯ò˼飬ԥǿסû붾ȻҲ
һƬƤ˲úףССŧһÿ
ҷǳʹࡣ
ԥֱҪˡ
һĹ򣬺췢ѾߣǳƻԵĶצһƬӰ
źԥĲӽ˰ڵϣӿ
ЩƯɫһһĴ룬˺ԥ͡䡢ǿ˫

ҵ
֮󣬺ԥȫϵǯơ
ʹˣҲ̫ˡ
ǿȣѰֱ˲Ϣ֮£ԥζֻˡ
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رóãǲᣬԻ֣ɶʱȴ㹻ˡ
췢˽סֵʺϽԷڣҪ߽Էܡ
Ҫ־͹˶󣬾ȻǵĵҰ
˵ΪԼ˭ļߡŶڴſ弶Ҳǡ
ԥҲ˼ӣֳײˡ
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췢վƲŽűߵʬ壬Ҫ־͹㻰̫ˡ
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ԥĿռϲάֲסʱͽֱ˲ƴˣ˳һʱĻ
ȻƭʮӻǿԵġ
ڼܵʶոյһǼٵġ
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欲Լ곤ܶ࣬ͬΪռߣԥȻҲ֪ô鷳
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款Ȼȿ˾
˵Ȼ˾ܣֵͼĴߣǸǿȵ
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ԷٻĻ棡
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صս
ЩȻãսʵûʲôǿ
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ԥû˵ʲôֻ˵СҲʮꡣ
欲ʣֻǿ϶Ļʱ䣬ûнܹѵȷʵˡ
ԥЦЦһʱ򣬻ǿܶࡣ

诶Щһ֪
ȥæĳнˣڹԢﺱؽѧϰ
ƵӷɴļʻάѡȼԴȵȡ
ϧǣֻ˰СʱͱЩרҵŪͷʹѡ
һջǾһжܺǮ
ҪôԼѧһЩרҵ֪ʶҪôһͻˣ޴֮Ļƽ
ǰ̫ʱ䣬̫Ǯ
רҵ䴬ֻˣά޻ҲǱȽϵͼģֻһЩ򵥵Ĺ
һ⣬ǾǸʦֵϡ
ҪܶɸѶĻˣҪܶܶǮֻҪԴҲǳǳ
ˣ׬Ǯɡ
请ѧɲŵͷ˻ǹһˣҪǮ
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һʱ俴ʲôȤнѡ˸ծװǰ
һСʱ
ƻѪ
Сˮ߶ѻŷ½ЩԱڵϻ߳
󲿷˶ȥˣٲǿ۾ǽߵӰ
ڷĹӶվţźֿ峤ֻ࣬һ˿ָԾ𣿡
ͷսսԴǮ
Ƴһۣһ˶ûɱΪʲô
ͷתת飬ᣬʾǻǮԼ
صͷ
ת߳Сһ֣߷ҪԵļһסˡ
ԡͿ־ά𣿡
ƺɫ̷˱Ÿ첲һеؿǰ˸˸·ƣϵĴڹۡ
Щ⣬Ѻԥɱ𣿡
Ǹͽ˻ˡ
ʱһ֪Լƭˡ
˰Ҳ޿κΡ
òԥͷ𣬵㽫Էһ٣ҲȴԸ
׼뿪Ȥȴиǿʶˡ
˵İɡ
췢̯֣ҵĴԱˣȱˣϴûشҡ


41 
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е㾪ȡ
㻹ҿҪ˵Ǹ, ҲΪκι˾Ա
Ϊǰľ
ƺ˼Ǻͻǵչ˾һһ˺׬Ǯ
﹤ʮ껹Ҫࣿȫš
ЩǸش
ǻкܶɼڡ
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ǵһ, ²ζʲôϾЩϵĹ˾ͨǶϰƶȡ
Щϵľǹ˾ʱԱ, Ȼ᳤ڽиǿ, ֻҪǲ, ڼҲû˹ܡ
ϾǺ͹˾ĺܼͬªЩ˾ҲǿÿɶʱĻ
֮Ҫô, ȫֻΪ, ǿͺȲӪҺˡ
ѽ
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ʵܲµ˵ʲô, ҲֻװɵҲǱƼȥģ
ǰ
Ī˵ѵΪǸäҽܹĽ
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ٴο, ջ仰, ûѧä, ֻҪ־Ͳäֵ, ԰ɣ
诲ŵؼ, ǷϢģ
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ҵȻᣬûϹѧ, ûùѧϰϡ
请, , Ҷ󵽣һһһЩȤ¡
ƺܸȤʲô
ܼ򵥣ͬǻῴң˵ǸǵäȻһǵԴӦѣǿܻᱻҴɲзϣҴȻұۣͨ֡
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Ӧָĳ˴ѧ֮⣬ϹСѧѧİɣ粻һ𳤴
˵ǲ֡
ü͵ʱ򣬾ͻЩ˴֢ҿץͬѧԴˮײ˵Щġ
诵˼άոƯƵֵϡ
ǿ϶ģֳӦҲ˧
Ŷ
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诣Ϊʲôǡ˵ǴӴʧ𣿻Ҳûˣ
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ЩȵؿȻЦǼԱöˣǿɴṧάҡ
读˻֣ûйά㣬ֻ˵Ļˡ
ؿһۣǳлл佱֮⣬ҺҲûʲô˵ˡ
һգգض㻹Ϊҽ󡣡
ðɣչ
̾˿Ҹ磬ңеɣҲûô񡪡ȵȣҲ֪ҺþûˣƬֻиӰֻʮ˾ӣڻȫһ޷ɴ
Ȼͣסˡ
û룬ֻǿţΪʵʲôᣬʱұܻҸ磬Ұ裬һֱ˵Ķҵʱе㲻ˬȻҹȥְֽôѹ
췢˴סͷԸ⸶κδۻصʱ򣬼ʹҸ羭ң֪ʵҲûô⣬ҪǣĺЩҲˡ
ЩǸȻǸҲ
ûϾֻ֪Ҹֵ
ǳ鴤ƺ˵⼸ǳһ
ҵ⣬ҿܻû߳ݣ֪Ϊʲô⼸СʱرƸУһǸĹ欣Ļ
ߵץͷɱ

课Լó֮Σȥˡ
ǱӰ죬ȷʵܻһЩĪĶں֢
诣ǾͲ˵˰ɣԳԸʲôģתһע
ǵ̸ڼ֮ǰҾ˺ܶȥ顣
ͷʹ˵ңҵսûˣһҪͻ⸶֮ǰҷ˸ȦˣȻҸҵˣһۡ
诣ڰο㻹ǳ㣿
ңһƴˡ
ǳᣬָ֪оɣһнʤʮĹ˵ʱã㵱Сѧ
诣Ҳָ֪оҲ̫֪ΪǻᣬţôϵԷ
ȷʵ
ЦһڵףøǲһԲ棬Ҳô죬֪ĳռվ޷ɴǳϲǸѸɻԸ⡪˵϶úܺá
诣ҾΪʲô˵㹤ʮˡ
ռվԱοǼԱǺ˾Ĵ϶ͲֹһΡ
̾˿ˣȻҲĴϾ͹ʲôҲĹ˾֪ǵҵΧҸով˵Ҳ⡣
ϸڣ֪ǾΪＯ˽ΥƷ
˵ΥƷкܶ࣬ЩＯĶ󲿷ֶʱҲһЩΥҩƷ
ûܱ֤ʲôԼݻ᲻䡣
빫˾ֲȥѡˡ
˳ǺαطҪһأ
ţ
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һʱЩζȻɱ֣ȴںЩ
ںҾں
ʼ磬ʲôʲôԼģΪӰ˶ҵۡ
ؿһۣ㵹Ǳպ̹ϡ
诣
֮䷢ĶԻҲ
˵ףҶΪԼܣα̹ϣҲνˡ
Ǿˡ
ЦЦһܣ˾ҰµĵӣҾҪˡ
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ǷֱصӶЭĴǷ׷
׷ϲ޴Цһǧлֱ˵Ҫ
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׷һԴŶԶԶԣǸŪˡ
诣
ʵҲûʲô
Լľ˵ЩȱǮʱɹĻơ
׷ȻЩǮǷȱĵˡ
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ټҲˡ
š
诲뵽Լķɴ
ͣþЩͷͺοһиĿǾͲǧǮˡ
ǲǸÿǽӵ߱
Ʃޡ
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ҹ֮ЭУĴǳſڲ˽ӵ˶ˡ
˴ſڴĽϡ
ŴĲƳһۣžͶԲ˼ļĸɼʧȥȤ

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Ϻá
Էû˵ϻֻһ£¡˰ͣʮһ׵ߣۡ
诰۸һ£ȻͣȻ档
Щƻй¶Ϣǲµи׵ߡ
ҪջԶԶûǿ֤弶ߡ
ѵǿ¡Ϊֻм߲ŸҴؿƼĴã
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ҵԼķɴ˿ͣշ˵
Ϊʱ̫ãԭѺ𶼱۹ˣ񴬱ͣλϡ
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һǵĿʱ⣬ɽּףⰻȻ峺ϪˮӸʶ¡
ȵֶֶŮԳͺϷժ׽Բء
СĴ磬ȻӦ壬ЦһƬ
ǶŽͷɫ۾

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һµǼʺܵǹ˸Ŀռվϵ½ɱ޹ƽ
פľ
ַ򸾵ֲ԰ҲһǰվΧָĽӪݣ½ڸѲߡ
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ֱϸϸšÿһᣬԿֶֶŮϡ
췢ЩãȻؿްҹա
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ˮԱߣֱҰɫˮк£ƤƵôʹ
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ۼϲݱϵƤͽⱻ⣬¶ɭɭĹ

ǲһʧȥ˵ʹ࣬ĳ̶ֳ˵ȴȵһξʱҪŭ
Ϊһεʱ򣬵ѧУؼңĸĲȱѾٻˣЩ״
ңɱĸһȺǵÿ˰Ǯľˡ
ˣЩֻһΪũҵĺӣֶֶŮһ
ǸͯʩŰٲǵ
ռ֤ݣȻЩûнˣͰȥһж
ȻҲֲ˵ץҪɼϸǹУֺɩڵϿధȴӵ˺
أ
ɱˡ
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Ǹ
췢ְסǽڡ
ָٴѪԽԽѪɫӿڰ硣
ֺƴʬĳ׶֮ʹͬǳ㷴ӿ˿ڳˢ˺ѡ
˭
˵ϣɫҰޱȡ
ֱ˿̣Լơ
˸ľԶԶ˹欵Ļ
ſ˵ϣ忪ʼҵس鴤ֻ˼һ˲䣬ͱǿҵʹͻںռʶ
۽Ƴ߽ƫƫ޷κηӦ
ٴλֶֶŮʬ塣
ǲ԰׵СƺŻ֮ȥľ֣ʻѪⱻ긯ʴɣձһɭɭ׹ǡ

Աߵ˵˹ͨɱ㣬˵᲻㱨𣿡
ʲô˵ָŵ棬ʯʵשһĿӶ
˵ſȴֻѪԴԴϵ顣


42 
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ڵʵ
͵ļ˵˼£
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ĳ󸻴, ҲûĺţһֱĽ翪
ѧУ, ˽һЩߵѵܵҲյ߰˰ˡ
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ǣԷأ
ǸǾ񣬿ֻĳһͻȻԼܡ
ԥǵóʱĸ, ʱȫǸͨ, һǸδꡣ
밵Ƕ̶̼µʱ, ݣɫ, ׵Ҳ߹ģ
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ٶʼ䣬ȴ˵ǸʾҪͨˡ
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ңǸ켣ǵĹӶǵĻСˡ
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Ͼ֮ǰȷʵǺԩ޳˺͵ʯ
ʹ۵ǸҲԼǶԵġ
ԥ֮ΪĳЩԭҵɱңܵˣֻСġ
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ЩҲͶӰڣдļϢ
ովһƳ䣬һ㣬Ųɳٻ
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жѣ׳100000ԪǱģ顣
诿ۣǹдע𣿡
ҲǹӶװ磬ڸȫ֣һЩǹеģ顣
Цһõģ
诲ÿɷ
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Щ֪ݺָ⣬н鱨Լҵġ
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ˣѾ֪һΣջ˵ʲô
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诣ҲʾλãֻϣܸңǱȥʲôɱ˻͵
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ϵڳĹ˾ʵҡо顣
µСϵܾǶƷӹԼûɹͦȥ
֮΢͸¶һϢҲܲµʲô
˵ϣԽȷҪһƱġ
诣ǸǾұ˰ɡ
ȻĶһǮҲ±˿ˣӳȥʲôġ
ʮӺޱؽ˸½ֺдȭ
ļľİݵˣԻԣƭȥǿ׳Ķע
ȻٰѶֳ׸ɷñس˵
뿪ӶЭᣬתֳ֣µĽͨ
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ȻȻ
쵽ǰ棬Ǹǳ򡪡
诶˵һȭȥ
صƵ졣
˶˹

250
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ΧʱһƬǸ۵ᵽӶĴʣ˲Ž
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ͬʱѹסɻԼٶǲеˣϾǰ150
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诿˿Ļǰֱ̨ȭֻ϶ǰ״̬ϻƻȾŻ̵Ĵࡣ
̨ϴòɿ˼ӣһһڶԷϣץԴ档
Ǹײͨ˿Ѿˡ
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˿Ļֿ˿ǣʲôչʾҲ¹ǲм鸹ֻ뿴õŵ
诣
诣ֲûС
ˡ
˭һ
诣С
Ǵѡͨʱ򣬹ڶ߶ȭע
˵ȭû˵ֻܴȭκãֻҪ㱣֤ˣǮ
עǺܼ򵥡
˵ǳͿ̣ԼעսӺرա
ôȷʵᱻӰжϣǴģǰӻһ¡
诣㣬Ĳҳ𣿡
ȻС
νصĹڶЩ½ֵµĶˣĶˣҲ֪˭˭ǣ²󣬾ֻԸķ䡣
û˵
뿪ѡͨһ̤ԡɹԵ磬쵵Ĺ̨ϱƶ
ΧεĹϯһȥ˷ܱεףڵƹԵģŤ
ӵƣϯӲǧˡ
վ̨һߣԼȫϢͶӰڿԱдĴźͲԭ
˿ʼĶ֣ǿģǵʤǡ֫ˡ
ϯϷƬĺ
Ǹ߽ӽ׵ļһ¶ֱϼᣬƤƺ˸Ž󣬿ȥֲ˻еĸˡ
˵ܻΪеӰ죬׼ȷ˵Чᱻ
ڣǸŤֵ֮ļһſ˫۽ܹǵ
ˡֻܰ׸
ǳ鴤֣ʵδ֪ߣ˵Ϊɴȭ
ϯһƬЦŻдų
˻ָ
ؼҳ̰ɣݺӣ
һֶֻܴ㣡
·˸ۡ
ɣԲǣԽݣ޵Խҡ
ʱ
עʼ
˵Ѹ˲࣬ȥ˶ѹ˶֡
课ú˼
֪ߵʵûʲôϵȴǻʶòȡˡȡˣ
ˡ
Ǯ
ȥɣ
־ֱ˹
뾶ʮ׵˲ͳ嵽һߣһȭڵλá
㿪ˡ

Ҷ㣬һ֧ʱᱻһȭжصӡ
ⱻԷȭͷֱۣҼװʹزҽһ
ϯٴδһƬ
ֱĻϵʽ䶯ζעʱˡ
ͣס˽Ų
һ룬ʧԭء

һȭգ춯Ҳʶ׼
ͷȻ޴ѹ
ڿԴӲѹ˵档
֫Ҫֿȴް취رѹ˼׵ϥҲ䵽˵ϡ

ȥƺЩŭ
ͷŶԷ״Ѹٳ
뵽¡ҵİͣû׵Ҳá
ֻǴԼһĶ֣ȷʵҲòš
ֵǣ˰죬ҲԷʹֻǲͼȭͷԼץסԼ
诣
ץŶԷĲӣ˵ԴصΧϣͽ˷į}˵ײ
ϯٴδһƬһƬ


ӲǮˣ
Ǵ˶֫ʤռϷȻ޷ܣи˿
ЩԻֻܿŭһʱҲ
ɿ֡
֫ҡҡλεվٴ
㿪һȭ˶Էؿڡ
ݡ
ţʶһǰҲнֲ˵ĹĳֺϽϰ
һ˾ųɵǸֹҲܴϡ
ֻԼеܡ
֫ػȫ°ĭڵϣҲˡ
诵ָʹؽƺЩ΢λҧԼ˻ȥ
ˡ
ϯһƬȻ
诺Ÿ̨
ѡͨſͣһ£ͷܿϯһƬƲҵ˿ɥȥȫҡ
ģ
ţߣġ
ҲӮˣʱ׬
˵ߣỹ˿עɣɲɲɡ
Ҳ¡
Ǯ
Це֣Ҿ֪û㡣
תˡ
ǿʼѡͨߡ
ʮڼ׷ɡ
ʮ⡣
诣и⣬ΪʲôǼһж֫ˣΪԿϱ˵ֽţ
Цˣû߶ûãǸֻΪϲ˺˵ĸ첲ȡ
诣

ΪԼܸƵʲôصء
诣ҲףܽƭǮĻûҲ֪թ˰ɡ
ǿɲһ
ҡҡͷ󲿷ʱǰչֳȷʵĽֲÿζӶ
ȻԼ·
ܸȤӣһ䣬ûȤɻ
诣˰ɡ
뿪½֮˸طȡϵԼӡ
ǵġ
һֱάűȻҲְģȻͱ״̬ǲһġ
ʮĳǳ⣬ҳ֮⣬Ҳɡ
һһֱڻ
Ǹֵ
Ҫôǲ⣬Ҫôڶ˴
ǰ߿Բ󣬱ϾеȺͲ϶൱ߵҪ󡪡
Ϊʲô
ԽԽԼ
ѵܻӰʣ
ѺҲû
Իţ˳ȥһ˿ոֽۣ˼ķá
Ϊ׬һʣʱȥ񣬾ڴæ˰죬˳һЩµļҾߺƷѾɾĲҡ
ֽԭȺӶµһ飬ȥĺķֿ
ȵϣѾǰҹʱ֡
׼ڴ˯Ȼʻ𾯱

ɳʻңͨѶյԿո۵Ϣ
˼веķɴκͣĵλСİȫ
̧ͷ
ߴǰ͸ϴľ
ոըһƬѤһҾ޴ķɴûС
ΧĴƺӰ죬Ƭ̣Ӱӿл׺ɹĻӵ
Ȼ˴ˡ
诹һ¾룬Ӧô򲻵Լߡ
һҪȡ߻ٵĳҴոһӲܣԺûͣˡ
ЩνĲӣܳﶺʱԽԽǶǲ
请ĵλϡ
ȻҲ΢ļʣҪɱʽϮ͸Ͽ쿪Ŵ·
ڣұըĴϣֳߣ͸ոЩ˴
ʳһ߳һ߸սζؿӡ
ǰ̨ٴ𾯱
Ǳ²װҡ

ɽл
ԥѵܿ࣬һ߱ݰ壬ƺڲ鿴ʲôļż̧ͷĽ̡

û˵ûнչͿȥһˡ
ΪҪеڶμǵʦϵûֹ
ʵԥϤЩѧУʦ欵Ľѧ̬Ȳ̫ãȻȷʵо顣
ܽܶѧУûеĶ
Ȼ䣬վɫ÷ǳ֡

ԥһ
ΪԼĳҪһٶˡ
欣˵ʲô
ԥ˵˲ٻ
ֻܴظһЩԻ
ԽԽüĥҲɱ
ԥʮ𾪡
˶Ǻ¡
ʵڲǼһô
Ȼһ˱Ұͱͨκʱжɱˣ
ǻǼԪߡ
ֻҪɶ򲻹Ҳܵ
Щͷʹ鷳
ԥЩɻؿһۣ˺鷳ΪĹ˾
ҡҡͷû˵ȴ¶ļɵ

ʱ˿̣֮ǿС
һ˽˿ռվ̫Χż룬ʱʱзɴ
ڿռվڲһͣһұڵжķɴ
ƷάԱһ޴
һһԼĹվȻõתȦĺŻع䡣
ժñӣ¶ЩҵĽɫ̷ֵͷƳһ۹ԡ
ϵδϢ
췢˺Ȼסˡ
ѽ
һάԱҲվͷ˿ʱ䡣
̫ѸˣһСĻĶŪǿзԵġҽһúǸСԼء
˵ժ߹Ǹߴĺ췢ˡ
ιۺ磬ҵĻˣȻȥˡ
췢һվԭء
ϹҲסȻ֪һӳƲ˵ʱ򣬶Էͨͷͬġ
ô°
˲ŭһѣں˵أۺ磡ȳӣ
췢˿վԭأֻͷŹͶӰĻ档
衪
û໰Ȼֹ
췢һסĲӣĸݵͬ͵ؾ𣬶
ֹˡ
ǸάԱĲϣӹѪⶼĩԴֱӷ뿪ڵϡ
˷׷תܡ
췢ޱ̧֣ץʧȥԴʬ嶪˷ɴ
ں˵ıըУⶼ޵Ļ֡
Ψֱ߹ͶӰڻ˸
һƬ
ƺɫ̷ѪϵĶЫ
ԱǽѪдһʡ
˹ͨ


43 
һصؿϵͳϢ, ʶԼбҪһ´ϵļϵͳˡ
²װ˵ǹ򣬲ûпס˵Ĳңеļͷ, ҲǸֵ·ϡ
ǱͨĻ治һܱĵ
̾˿վ
˵á
ܿ죬վ²װĹϣ˿Χ乤ҵĲ, ȷ˶ﶼԼ˵
, ǲܵġ
Ц
ⲿٶð, ֻҪǴըˣޡ
Щܲĵط, в, ͱˡ
ҲҪΪá
, ˿᲻ս顣
ﾲĵġ
ٴ̾Ϣ̧ŵ֣ٲ, ҾͰըˡҲЩɣ
ոǰзɴըˣΧһŻȣйӶ, Һп͵ʲôҪĶ
Ǹ
Ӻ, վ˹
读عͷ
иطŮ, һʵ֡͸ǳɫ·, ýĿ⿴
Ϊûˡ
诣, 㡮Ϊˡ
ֻϢһͻ뿪
طŮͺС, ֻʮꡣ
˲, һӶȥҴ, Ҳǵˡ
诣ô˵ԡ
˵ġ
طŮţЩż˽ôȥǣȺӶȥȴϵġЩҪ͵ġ
⻰˵Щġ
诵ˡ
Ͱ֮һһƬǵĵ̣ƶߡ
Ⱥ˷ٿҤ޶
ǹ߳ЩǷǮˣǰЩǵߡ
ĲϡСܵˣͻΪƷ
κģǾͻᱻȡ١
ʵϣİɲ٣ϴδĺ֮⣬ķ֯ٶиɹ
ȻҲΪǳҺܶࡣ
课ӹһ˷ѰɱһСͷĿ
ǴԼҲЩĳˮӡ̡
ڣȻһӶӵȥ˽ϣȳһЩҪеˡ
νġָǻˡ
ȻҲмޡ
诣أ
طŮֻǳһȥȥҴ͵
һ˵һ̧˫ʾûе⡣
ֻ̧˵ûʱⷴǷܵ
˿ûɾ裬ҲûȫŶԷĻôģ
⴬κһŶûյȫΪſڰȫԶ֪ɨ衣
طŮԥһ£ֿ˿ԷһֱҫԽԽĵ⡣
ҵ
ЩɵؿڣǿռߣҿԷһбϣǽһߡ
诣
诼ԼҪ¶κϲı飬ȴǸ˷ˡ
诣ԶԱʹ𣿡
˵һ˷
طŮһۣԡ
ˣ诲̫ҪԷԼдԽ
£ǰԷһһҪԼ˵ֱӰԼǽ
ʱȲˡ
ָָԱߵĲţȥٳչʾһ£
Ҫе֣ΪˣһĪļһҪƺҲܱ⡣
طŮҲôģԵ˵ͷ֮ܲĴͣһ
诲µظΪȥҲĺܴġ
Ҫã
طŮ̧ͷƺԷ顣
ϧڵʲô
ʮӣ𣿡
诣УҪȥ⡣
طŮ˿ת½뵽
ӣǼҵǽ֮⣬ȵϷֳһģӰ
־ǳء
ƺһ˵壬ϸСĲɫƴǧǧĻľ鱻εֲٿţ£һ
һ¡

ָ䴫һ翵ĴУпնķָк
ջָ֣Ѫⱻһ飬һ룬Ѫӿ

طŮ¶ɲؿûҪô
ҡҡͷּûϵ
̫ԼǷ˸ơ
˵ɭصҲֻǱֱͬ
诿ǰùɾĽǽڣͼ
˼ӣץһ˿о
һ˲䣬˷ӿҪಿ֡
ֹͣ
ǳɹˡ
طŮ
С䴬Ĵ˵Ǿ仰֮󣬾Ϳʼǽڷ
⴬ȻǸˡ
ôš
Ȼϳֵֹļһ˺ˡ
ɡ
ʼҴȥգʮӺ´ɣҿȥʡһ
طŮл
ʮӺ׵ĶñӲ´ӯһҷɴӰ֮䣬ܿʧĿոС
诲µһʲô
ǽӣϡеĿʯκֵǮƷ
ȻԼûйϵ
ȵȡ
У
ȺĹӶѾˣֻʣĳԱڸ
Χһд䴬ףȫԡȼյĻС
ͨȾͿᣬܱߵķɴһâ
ƺĳӶܣЧʵ¡
æãҲһ롣
ͬʱʦģ˴ˣķɴΧæת
ഩƷ˳µģΧڴβŴָһ󶴵ĲţڻжΡ
Ϣػ˴
άŲּΪɣڻҵĻû춯
Ҫǣڷɴİȫϵͳƻˡ
ȫǴ򿪵״̬Χֻųܻæʧ棬ȫûע˭Ա˹ȥ
Ǳһװ壬;ֻ״̬Ļˡ
ģҲֻǸƳһζӰ
ѻ༯װתڻҴĽṹ
ո֮ǰȷ䴬ͺš׳ĴɴĽṹԶԶͬС
תλһ㴬տλãǰһϵĵݣͬʱԹźŻա
һﹴŵͼһǰߡ
ȻҴɨһۼװı־ʱͣ˽Ų
Ǹ־ĳҵ̱꣬ǸҵǡǳؿƼµӹ˾
诱Ȼһ¼װĴСߴ磬Էһװ˻

ֶ۵ͺţҲλļֵ
οǳؿƼƷ
ܱһȥһ¶ýˡ
Ȼǡ
ʮߴȴЩ鷳
һӱԼĲŻҪ
ȥĻҪһڡ
ʵľ䴬ĻճڣǸۼ뼸ʮˣ读ûա
һģʱһս

ԡ
ղǸԼŮȥֿտգ͵ʲôĻҲֻǷڿڴ
ҪôĳִռҪô͵ߵĶС
⴬Ͽ϶иֵǮĶ
ʹ˻
ͨɴȥȥտ
ȻӦװģֵǮĶҲᶪҲ²͸ЩɵĲرϰߡ
ͨͣͣÿ˹Ϣפ㣬һʮ˲û֡
һ诵ִ˶Żա
ճһǧƽףڲֱָɲͬЩͨĸӦԶţЩŷİȫš
说ЩţѡһṹΪš
кö
ôţһĽձڣʼŷǸǽ˲Ƶ
˲ʵĳٴϮ
һ˲䣬һ˵걻壬һһ͸ǰϰ
Ȼһߡ
еֶݵĻްƺǴǽһ˲䣬ٴ
Ҳܡ
־ڵĵطΪģ֧ĲֱջǱɢֱƴյĻľ
վڵϣЩܣ˫ȶ

ôģ
ȫܸоǿҵƣǸոմսһ
ȻĲ࣬ҲֻǷһ
Ҫܸߣ
ոǸطŮȻǸ֣ҲڼɵԼ׵
Ҫ֪Щܺǿˣֱ׵磬Ʃѡ
ﲻ̶ֳȣҲԴЧ
ټϺŲж̬ȵأʾʵƽƽ
ôȷԼĴַԼչʾһΣӦЩŲ
ȻûС
Լ̫ˡ
ι㣡
诵ͷϥǴȻǰ洫˺
иֵָĴԱ˹ΧЩ谵һʱûֻΪԼĳͬ¡
㣡
Աһʱɫ䣬֪ͨǣȺӶû´
һԱæͨѶ
δ䣬еĵȻ
һ˵ϣҽŵڵϣڶըһԱͨѶ˳㽫˵Ρ
诣
⡣
ͷ˿Լ֣ԼĻָٶֱˡ
ոջоΪֻۣǴ˼ʱ䣬ƺͻָ˴롣
ȷԼϷĳָı䣬ȷʲôģֻʱѹסɻ
ߵһԱߡ
ǹǿȲǺܴԽǿ˵
ȻΪҪٶսƵĽ˷̫
读ܣֻϿտյֻйһӣոձϡ
ﶼЩʲô
ǡ
˼ѵشϢţϷʹ߽ݼӹϺʳ
ȫǶƷ
诣ЩֵǮĶʲô𣿡
ϸֳʹ֮ɫȻǾߣˣȫûֿ⡣
棬ʮӣ
诹Ȼҵ˱ʮӣЩװ˻ҪСһȦڻҲܽϰסˡ
诣
ԴӲȥ
诣ⲻǶƷ԰ɣ
ǸԱʹҡͷ

Ӻ
诱һԱӣǵԱƷ
ʮӿ˳϶ƷĴ˳ȥ·ϻϱԹͬ¡
ΪʲôǾûǵĺ
һ˵Щһ·ĻˣҪĹӶȫˣ
´ûһŻգ
˵
诣߶ͣ߶͡
衪
˱ҪǹܣôǱԱߵͬסˡ
诽ǴߣھʱֵǵĶƷ˸ѽ¯
ʮӺоյ˷ɴ
һ·صԼϢĦȭƵ׼ӡ
ʮӣֻһƽƽֽװ֮ȴǼӲĺϽʡ
诣չ񣿡
˺ֽӵһߣԽڴ
ǽӽ״ĺϽʱչҲ⣬ȥЩ֡
󲿷ֱչȫȻյġ
Ϸ쳣խķ϶ͨڡ
һĻİȫ
ͨľͺðˡ
读˵ʱӵǿȣֱӸȫϵͳ絽𻵣Ȼó˼и⡣
Сű߶ϷĹþ
ҿʲô
Ȼֹ
ȱһǰıչȻһɫ̡Щֲ
诣
˵õĲǶƷأ
ӿƭķŭ
ӣ请鲢򵥡
һ˵һС硣
ֻ߰ʮֵĳȣƤǻɫģʮϸ֦ϣ׺ŻǳĻɫԲҶƬ
š
ǧҪԼ
ĬĬţӱչ˳ŵɳϡ
һ룬ƫϵĲλһֻ۾
诣
״ȥ۾ֻûнëĤɫûͫס
ţ۾·һ졣
á
˿ڴк
ʮᶯȥŮ
诣á
塣
ҲΪˡ
ΪϡٵȵԵʣ˷ӶԣĻ֮һ
ҲȥƭǸм̣ոıְ˸ɵ
һһĸоˡ
ֻ޹۾ʲô£
죬˺ܶ£ܸӡ
ҲϿɵĸ߼ǻζŷϳΪϷ
Ҳζвڻٽӽǻۡ
еܳΪ͵ģҲͯ
诲ֱ䣬ͦңǰλΣûһ֡
诣㻹ǵʲô𣿡
˴Ǿסĵط
ֻڰ׷峺۾ˮ뵡
ǰҵ忳ˣ˺ܶ࣬Ȼӡ
ĬȻƬ̣Щ𣿡
Իؿʲô
诣
Էǵõ¾Ǳӣ֮ʲô֪ˡ
诣ԣ֪ļǸʲô
˱һİĵ
诣Ҳ֪ʲôƴ𣿡
Ƿ񶨵ġ
ֻܸݷ²ƣ˼ĸ󣬼һЩش𰸡
һԷʾԡ
请ˡ
ֻҪǸͺѽԷͻؼң˵һٱ˷ӹզ죿
诿յɳϡ
һļ۸ֵܵһѻˣ϶Ļ˿϶ưոݡ
ǲҪ׼ոأ
诣𣿡
ˣҽܽܽ
诣ǡšԱҵ˼ǣǴͬ껹ǡ
ܽܽǵĻ˵ŮԣΪֻдƻ
诣ðɣһġ
˼ӡ
诣˵ҲŮԣûдƻ
ܽܽգգ۾֪
ץԼͷֿʼ˼ô
١
ܽܽС˵еˡ
诣
诣ҪԷ𣿡
ԼϵʳӪҺؼܳ
ܲ
ܽܽе㲻˼ǵֻСڵ״̬
诣Ŷ
˱ϾˮС
οչûûˮû⡣
诣Ҫʲô
ԷûشȻԼϵˮԼֲΪЩֲרŻǮĶ
诣ˮֲרõŨӪҺƽʱˮģҪһ
ð
ܽܽһֲõľͬˡ
һ׺ҶƬ֦ĩ˿һССĻҰɫĻȥֿɰ
͸㡣


44 
ڷɴϢԲδ, ǽڻǶʽˮף浴ųγαˮ
ԭȵˮֲΪչˣҶƬݻư
ڷɴµ֮, ˮҲһ飬µӪҺ
ЩʢֲҲܿһӣչ, ҶƬïԴΡ
, ܽܽҲſˮ
ĴҺ֮, ͵֦˵ֱһ, ˮ׵ıԵ
ֻ۾Ͷ¶, ͷ֦ҶïʢԲԲ, էһȥеˡ
ֿ˿ֻԲ۾

ֻе㡣
诣и⣬㲻ǻ𣿡
ܽܽգգۣ֪㲻ǡ
诣ô֪ģ
ܸܽܽо, 㲻˺ҡ
ʲô˵칦
̾˿ðɣôֻžˣ
һ˵һ, Щ䶯
Щֻϸ̲һĸ, ˮӯƮš
ܽܽ˵ͬǵġԷ, ұ˺ܶ, ҪʱһЩ
诣Ŷ, ҲŰɡ
˵˿
ͦ
Щϲؼ, ռë֮, иĿľΪŸ
Ȼڿ, ٿǮһͰŨӪҺ͹ˣҲ֪ʲôŵġ
ȵȡ
诺Ȼʶһ⡣
ԼܲԶ
Ҫ취͵һȫ׵ĵط
ǡ
诣ˣȻ㻹ͦĻԣܸܲң൱Ķꣿ
ֻܽܽ۾ɡ
诣˵ҴǸոճꣿഫͳĻ˵ҴŻһꣿ
ܽܽƺ
һѯǷܰжϳ
诣̫аɣʮСҲģǴ󲿷ΪǻǺӡ
ܽܽ룬ǳֵ˵ҴŻǺӡ
š
诸ӾҪ͵һ׵ط뷨
诣ʲôȥĵط𣿡
ֱܽܽסˡ
Ӻԥʵϣ뿪𣿡
һô˵ţһߴͷ֦ЩСҶƺ
诣
һԼĴ
诣ţϣ뿪ϣ뿪ΪⲢȫָͱըˡ
˵ʵԼһӶĴϣһĽɳܲ
Ҫǣһֵǵ壬϶ưոݡ
鷳Լסٴαץߡ
ۺϿǣ治Ǻõѡ
诣ɣϢһ£г֮˽Ͷˮס
Уţǿ϶Źκһֲ
̾˿
ܽܽչʾ˼ʻ·İ
һ۵Ļǹ
Ĺڣһ˽봬ڲʻԱ޷뿪λͿǹɨ䡣
ǴΨһӵɱˡ
ϧԵĶǴڲûĵˡ
֮ͨ˾겻ȥԼǹ·϶㿴ҪȰ
诿ĵؽһ
عͷοطܽܽţٿƺǺӡ
诣ס˰ɡ
ܽܽ˻֦˽Ͱ
һָָ֦ȷļλ
ʹͷ
ܽܽȻǹ
诼ͷ
ܽܽȻǹǴ
诣
̫ŤܽܽҲʶ鲻ԡ
ֱ۰֦ŤһţЩ˼ǸҴ𡣡
߼˵
诼ѵؿڣôûġ
ϴĵ˶ԱǹɨҲЦˡ
Ļֱӵǹƥȥϳбץȥ˶ųеĶƷյеĲƲߡ
ǲܵġ
ڰϣκһ֯ȱߵĸ֡
ֻǶٺǿǿ⡣
ܸɵ죬ǼֶЩ²˵ʮΧĻսҲܰˡ
诣ģÿ౻򵽶𣿡
ڸСѧϿ
ظһ֮ܽܽˣչʾһζ㵽ǹ·ķ϶в
õģҾȳȥһˣܿ
诵ȻҪ
ɷϢͼææȥ˵½֣һԼӷɴսɵսƷɢɢֶ˼Ǯ롣
诺ϤЩ͸װĶֵ̣ϰ幤Աˡ
ǶڹӶǰָӲʡ
ϾҲ֪;õģҶˣôҲû˼
ȻҵֽһװϾɵӻ̡
ƼԼ鱨̡
һʱ˸۸Ϊɬʱˡ
ڣѾܹԷҪǮ껹һʣࡣ
Ŷ룬СشӵĻܣûκΰĶ
˸Үվ˹̨ǰ
ϰá
ϰڹ̨ţڳϣϸ̺ӣһסϰȫϢ۾
š
Ӧһ
诣
̬
诣һ˴͵ǿ
ȻһҲߣҲڵ½ֿġ
Ҫû㱾סЩ߰ˣȥ
ߵĸйҲǿӾ
Ȼǣ͵ˣҲδؾͨˡ
ϰַ˷۾͵͵ɣĶֵǮ
诣
ͷ˿ϵҩвֵ󼸰ٿǮƷƣм֧ǧһ֧
诣ҲǮˣʧʧ
ϰЦһ˵Ҳ㹻Ǯˣ
š
һʱò׼ԷǲǼǵԼϾϴûժͷҲûժ۾
ѵƾʶˣ
кܶԼˣʼۺ뿪ܹǮֻ
诣һˣʱҪʮڲǼ˰ɣ
ͺˡ
һԷͷô졣
ֵҵǣϰǸгŵˣһڼۺޱ䶯
û⡣
ϰ˵ţ˳ڹϵһ£еϢҰɣԽԽá
ȻûժȫϢ۾
诹Ӧǿʼ¼ˣһ˼Ϳˡ
һΪܶ򡣡
ųõϢһҵӪʳƷӪҺġ
ҵôֵ֣ʵвֹһġ
ԭĶ³Ϊճԣܵճճˣʲôʲô¡
ֳڹ̨ϣҲֵ֪֮䷢ʲôƩճǲǱճﺦġ
ȷ£߼˵ûܡ
ٻһռǼ˵ķԣΪԼǸؼҾܻ
ԼЩ£Ų֮ͱɡ
Ͽ˵ճɵԼŲܾ滹ĺ塣
Ҳˣ뽫Ūס
ߣĴɱ֮ճ֪ԼǲٷŹˡ
ʱΪǿ
תһͷҲ֪Ϣ˵˳Щ˵Ӧù˰ɡ
ϰ岻ÿɷӦһô
诱ΪҪԼճĹϵʼѻʲô
ϰ壺Ҫʲô
诣
ϰ壺ɱѣ
诣𰸻ӰҵϢ𣿲ص㲻ͬ
ϰ壺ǺߣһϢǰ
诶ˣ˵ãΪҲҾͲ֪ܲɱ
ϰһҲɱ
üʶ

ϰЦЦˣܺǿǱĻͲֻһСҵˡ
诣ʲôϵ
ⲻǷ֮ĺ׼ĵ
ճδҪǿǸϣ˵ʹûôǿҲԼ˳
Ϊ
ϰЦݲЩ˵ϹһֱѰ츳ߣɼˣϣǿϱˡ
Ϲ֡
诣
ļٵģֺ£
ԡ
һô֪Լˡ
һʱЩʧ֪ô⻰
ԷɽܵˣӦò̫ף˵ЩҲ
诣˼ǣճ϶ûм˵츳á
츳ãϾԼ곤࣬ƾҲࡣ
Ҳ֪ûмһ츳ˣһҲġ
ϰȤȱȱ˵ĳɾͲֹ˵ģǳעЩǱߡ
诣Ŷ֪ճŮǲٿֲţ˵ľԪܡ
ϰ壺ⲻǺ𣿡
诣
ĽսǿԪԭҲ֮Ϊģ
ֲǣϰ徹ȻΪϹῴԼ
Ҫ֪ԼϢ׵ߣһԪ
ԼͲˣ
ϰ֪Լʵ
ԽԽϸ˼֣ɤӡ
ԣϹ˽⣬ճʮˣĳɾͣ˵ܱϵˡ
ģԼϯᱻ࿴һ۵ġ
诣
㲻ǹҲϡɣ
诣ҵ˼ǣռ֤ǲܵİɣ
㲻ΪҲҪܰɣʮڵ˿ڣÿ춼˽߱ǹУ¹ʣҪˡ
诣Уȷֲᱻ˾СͦϤϵģȥ𣿡
ϰٴαиɢţȥܶط
诣Ϲ𣬰ǸӰô˧𣿡
ϰĬ˼ӣҪ鱨𣬸ʮҸ㷢һĽͼ
诣ţ㲻ϵıƵŪҰɣ
ϰ壺㷢ˡ
诣
ԭס
ȻϰժȫϢ۾ƿ̺ӣվ
һ¡
Էָݣһͷǳİɫ̷Ⱦ˲ֽɫƤЩ̬Ĳ԰ס
˵ĳಢر˧ЩɢƫƫЩ
׷괩һں콥ɫñؿڴССĸӡȻ໰ƶһ¶˰ϥǣһ¶˰شȡ
ǲǻл˵
׷һְӴս
ע⵽˫ɫ۾ͫ״Щƫȥĳֽèƶ
ոһ˲䣬ΪܳʮӢԼ佱ϹֵˬԾࡣ
课Ͳôˡ
ΪǰλϰҲǸͿˡ
诣ȣʶеֲҽ𣿡
ǵԼǿδʹõİ
ҽԺṩΪָûĶΥΪ
ҪľҪ̣ύɣֲϸ֤Ҫġ
˵ȻǺ²ֲ߻е֫ΣΪƩ罫ըҩЯ빫ϣƩȵȡ
ڰȻûôأֻҪǮʲôС
ȻҲҪֲֹҽƫҪ׬Ǯҽ
诣ȱȽϸߵġ
ϰ壺Ҹ㼸ϵʽԼȥҰɣǵñҵ֣ܸۡ
ÿŵۿۡ
ܱûкá
诣ðϰգ
̡
׷˵ɱˡ
Ҳ֪˵֣Ǳҽﱨۿۡ
ġ
ת׼š
ˡ
ٴνס㲻һм˰ɣ
ͣ£ţ
֪м˵˼
ڹӶԣм˾Ƥԣˡ
ӶЭṩƽ̨ǿԹ͹Ӷ˫ѡ
ϾţԼ̸Ҳδؾܱ˴λȫ˽⡣
ֻܶܿѡӶ߸ɴѡЩġ
˵ӶҲ±ӡ
˾м˵Ĵڡ
ЩǺ͹ӶЭġ
ͨǱ͹Ӷεˣ˫˽⣬Լжϸ˫ǣߣҺʵĹӶӶҺʵ
ȻҪӶɡ
ңм˽ʱǲӶЭƽ̨
ҪȥԼڹӶЭǱߵʣҲ
ΪӶЭҲҪɣԹӶ˿Ҫһ
ЩС⡣
𣿡
请ǳͬ⣬ȫû⣬ڻͦȱǮġ
ȥķɴϳû٣ҲûֵǮĶʲʮͷҲֻʣһǮˡ
诣ʲôҪ𣿡
ҪϸϢǾˡ
û
ҡͷͬУϵ㣬ҵơ
ĬĬſڣƲҶҪˡ
ռҵ鱨Ȼַܷӵ˾ĵ
ȥӶЭתһȦûʲô˵Ҳ׼طɴϿĳλ˹
·յɻصϢ
诿˿ֱӸ˸ոյ´һ˵Ҳм˵ĹӶˣ
ɣ̣ɱ⡣
诣棬Ҳм𣿡
ɣ֮һ
Ҳǡ
ּĸ֣ʲôܽӣ϶Ҳʶһм˵ġ
诣бĵ𣿡
ɣأˡ
诣
һﻹӡ
诣Լ˵ĺòãɡ
û
ͨȻû
̾˿˻м¡
鲻⹫Ԣסһʮڵ壿

˰ɡ
ʲڡ
ȥؿƼֲ֮ǰЦϷԣ˵ɹҪԼʮĳ͡
ʱһڴӦ
ֲ̫ȥҪǮϾָܲ˵ѷӸס
ƬطɲˣοԢﻹԴѵе
诣֪֪ʲôط޼ҿɹ֮ǻ壿
ɳĬӣһѪش࣬˷Ӵˡ
诣Ĺ̲
Ӧһʲô
诣ǽ˵һȼ˵Щʱá
ɻԲδ˵
读صո۵ʱǰѾƽϢˣԶԶĻȻϨ
ұƻ䴬Ҳԭλȥ
说ܽܽԼ׷ӡǷϣոռολ仯
ȥӦûʲô⡣
ҲͷĴ󵨵˽ȥ
ܽܽſˮƺȫ˯ˡ
֦Ų׵ıԵ֦չţէһŰС
˿
ʱͻ
ȻƿϮ
诱߻ߺˣֱԵһŵȭͷֱԷؿڡ
˱źߣ㱾𣿡
诣
ô
ոһµĵ㹻ˣԷƺֻǱԼȭͷϵˡ
ûκӰ졣
ͬʱΧͬʱܳӰ˹
诸㣬Ȼеޱȳأĳѹ
ˡ
ͬһʱ䣬е˫ĿʹӾȫᣬǰһƬڡ
˵ҲǲУȻϵѹԽԽء
ϥһ˫ȹ˵ϡ
Ҳ˫ȣоȫܳأָŲܼѡ


һΪʲô֣һԪߡ
иЦ
Ųˡ
Ǽƺ£ֲվ̫űҵľ롣
ΧһȦмڵϵĹӶ
Ȱˡ
и˴˿ʵҵάֲ˺ܾá

Աһһ䣬ƺóʲôײ
ʵĳϽ
˵һûֺöŶˣոõֵǮҲô˵㡣
Ǹ˩ס诵ֽš
ϧûˣļߵʵҴ㲻֪ǵ׷ű𣿡
һ˵һߵ˵˾京Ļ
£ԽԽǶƤҪ˹
ܲˣҪˣ
һ˵
ֳصѹʧˡ
ȻΪԵʣ诵֫ȴȻ޷ƶ
Դ
Աߵŭȵʣʲôվ㣬ϵ·ᵼ磬ڵ״̬ûٻס
Աиԥԥǰ
ÿһ㣬ܲδֱӿľǡ
һ˲䣬оϲͣһ£žЮž
ë
Щ˵ĸоͬ
вδ֮
ڴĺڷŮ͵ز
ǿֻΪǺˣһʱΪ⡣
ĸ˵ϵ㣬νΣ
һ룬·Ȼ˺ѿ
ŮļʱƯĹǽٿȻŤ
Ӽǵ߹һһڵسʲôƤ¹Ķ
ȻһӰƿѪ⣬ʮߵȺչ
һſŴССǶЩϣҲת
һз̫ˡ
Ǹ߻δȫֱӱᴩ˲š

ȻŹˣǣʼΧһС
ҰɫЩ谵ɫϵӰ
ΨЩѪ֮ʻĺɫ
е粻ϻζţӽҲϱ仯
һ棬һ컨壬һֿϴˮס
Щ۾
ٿ۾鲼Щϣʹÿһ۾ӽǺеľһֱڸı䡣

ȥ˼ôˡ
ҲȥԼΪʲôõ
˵ɫһƬУʹŴϮЩߡ
ǸոһסĿ꣬ġ
ƺҲܸߣڴĹ£ܿƷˡ
ӺϢʬ塣
صش˿ֻûʹѵҪ
иδ˹
ǡ
ǹԤȵ
ţбһ˵ǹ졣
读عͷ˵Դھӵ򱬣Խֱ絽ǽϡ
ûֱ̧ۣƺҪʲô

ҧٴ룬š˶Էľǡ
١
ܽܽӼʻ̽ӣ֦һԵĻǹ
诸˸Ĵָ


45 
Ƿɴֱˡ
ޱطЩʬ, ֵǮĶӹԵϵ·ȫ
ǵƺĳʵĸϾԵϡʱȷʵܿ磬ֲϲ, ׾ͻᱻ˺顣
ҲһҲֵơ
ùͼѵƷһ۸Цˡ
һ͹޴ˡ
ֿ
ܽܽǸűоƬͳմȾ֭Һ, оƬϻ˸źɫָʾơ
诰ˡ
ò, ӹҳ, ֱӽоƬҳ˷ĩ
诶ӣ, ȰѴߡ
ط, ʡǱ˸¡
һ, Ǹ֣Ҳڱɱ
ƾ͵ϮִһϣټϾԵ·
Ǳ̶ֳܳ, ԾĻʵƾ˲ʱ׵罫ȫܡ
ֱȥʻҿˣһʱҲûὫܽܽߵ¡
˹¶ػˮſ, һ˯ˡ
ãȻؿŴ, ٶѹ, Ƶڸ߿бѲ״̬, ʵǲ֪ȥġ
һ߿ȫϢͼͶӰ, һ˼龿α
读һ֮ǰĸо
ת䣬һ͵ĴӼ˳
Ľʲǰɫ, ƤӼӲ, ȥɴƬƴġ
鲼ʮŻС۾, Ǳպ״̬
ŴչԼĵطҪ崥ΧľʱЩ۾ˡ
еļʻҵϴ̨ʧˣԭλԼĲźǽڡ

һս֮ջ˴룬鸴ӵؿλϡ
ҵǣոǶݵӽǱ仯ûɷɴ¹ʡ
ȷһ¡

ʱɼܵʱ򣬾ͷǼһӽʮȣʹϮҲǱ۾
ɲǳ۾
ֻڴϡ
ȫû뵽ԼȥѩɽܼȻƵôһsan
ң𣿣
ٴ˳˼
֪ܺоϵĽȷ˼϶ޡ
ޣֳ˵Ǹ߼ǻˡ
ĸ߼ǻ嵥ŵһλľࡣ
Ǹͬ˵ȵȣӶൽС
Щٵ壬ͨҲúܶࡣ
۳ι״ЩΪ޶ҪªǶܳΪϷ
ȻЩı׼ȥжϵģ˼һȺ˹֡
һ߲ν嵥һ²š
Ŀˣ
̫ȷطŴȫϢͶӰ
Ŀ壬ṹǺƣϾһ۾ֻȡ
Ȼֻһ۾Ǹ۾ó棬гʮȵӽǡ
诣
Ҳ԰
ûֽţֻһѴ롣
ȵȡ
Ӧܡ
ϾԼǸƱ˵ܣܡ
Щ֫壬ͲӦܸƵ
ͷʹţȻѷ˸
ƺȻש񣬶ȫǺХķ
诣ǹ𣿡
ɣʲô
诣ǸҸ
ɣѩɽǸ㸴Ƶˣ
ҵʱȻ˵ʾ䣬ȥɻ̶Ҳߡ
Ҳȷ²Ԥıˡ
ɣ˵ֻΪǵľࡣ
诣ðɣҼǵãȷһ¡
ֻýԼ뷨˵һ飬ԣ֪֮ҲԱߡ
ƩӶЭͬǣռҲܿ塣
ĿǵĻֽأѵΪǴ룬ֱӽԭеֽŴˣ
˵Լ̫ȷĻ𣿡
ûش
ǱֻʣĿն
ֶܿһЩϸ춯ѩϣ֦ѵĶ
诿һĴŵĥȥģȻǱ߻ػˡ
Ŀ˵Ѫͳ
˵ǸѪ
Ȼֱһİ֡
诣ʲôǸϿɵĸ߼ǻ嵥ġ
岻ڡ
ͣһ£һЩһֱڣ׶ԺŵĻ⣬ĳ嵽ûʸΪϷ񡣡
诣ۣ׶ǻûħ˻ʱ㲻ǻʵﲻʡ𣿡
Ȼ˵ġ
ʾĸסʱţҲ̸Σ²ĳɻ߸ɴͳ⡣
ðɡ
诵˵ͷѪĿˣΪѪûֽ𣿡
ǺһִͬҲǡˡ
ɣУǱ˿ˡ
诣
ɣ˼Ǹ˿ֽţչΪЩ˾ãֻʣһɣйԡ
䵭˵Ѿа¶ȡ
ݡ
һѹסӿķθУԺõܵˣ
չһʯתȥ
Ǹ̼Ψһһչĸ߼ǻ
֮⻹мˣǶΪЩʯķˡ
Ҷߡ
һʱ䣬иɱ˸̣Ƭլ֮һ棬ˣҲû׷ˡ
诣Ը̲ɱģ

ǳߵ֮ܺһ
Ȼûֽţഥ룬׾ٽЩ֫ƶ
·ٶϣֽŻҪࡣ
ң˴֮ƺҲһּӳ֡
诣ҺҲ
һȭҵˡ
诣ȵȣҸߣҼǵǿö֫İɣ
߱㹻ǿĻƾԼ
ֻܴﵽ̶ֳȵ˺ٰˡ
Ȼʵ࣬Ȼǲġ
ɣͦá
ȵȡ
诺֪ʣô֪ģ
ɣ

ڷ۵վѩŲԶڵʬĻѪĿˡ
ոͼȻ뵹
ʶ˫ʵֱ̫ͦͦš
ǿ鶢Żɵգڷ
ЩֻϸĴǣɢҵչ̯ǱɹɵĺݣҲȫպˡ
Ķƺʧ˼ӡ
ţСЩרȥһˣ
Ȼأ
վڷѩãĻɽһʱҲ˵Լôġ
˲ƹ£ʱ仹Ƕģǰֻգ֮䣬Ҳǿ΢Ƶġ
Ǳ£ʹҲ˷һӡ
ǼһŪֻǣ˵ܿС⡣

ԭ˵Լ޹ء
ϾǶѡ
ǾͱӦˡ
Űɡ
þһ
֯Ŵǣе棬𣿡
ɣû
诣Ŷ֮ʲô£ܲ
ʵˡ
ѾƽŪһұ˫ĽǾǵļ鿴ˡ
ǧսʤĶ֣ǰûκλֵ
Ȼ֮Ҳûвˡ
ͷֿʬԱҲ޿ܡ
ĹҲûʲô˵ġ
Ӹ̼֮ĿĴתڼ仹صǵĴϣշת˰ǡ
˵ޣΪһһҪˡ
ɱ˺ܶˣܵɽˡ
诣Ǳҵˡ
ô˵ء
е㵹ù
Ȼڽա
ΪɲɱЩ¾׼ȥˡ
诣ܲҪҪҵĴϣҵĴԱ
˼ӡ
ɣκͬһҡ
诣ҸǸ֮ӣô಻һˡ
ˡ
Σж඼ֵΡ
ɲû²ȻκΪʯ߶õܣ㶼ܸơ
诣Ҳôġ
ʼĥԼ
֮ǰȺסһܷԼƵ
ʵȺ߱ʲǿҲ˵ӦҲܸƵǵ
Ѿ˾ŸƺִﵽޣԲδɸơ
ʵƵһҲһͿս
˻ʮȥһȻõˣľá
õĲ죬оղסսҲǻġ
Ʃɭص֮֫󣬾ûù
Ϊ˲ϰֵֻֻսȥרϰ೤ĸ첲׸
ǼоԼĿǰó׵ɡ
˵Ե·Կƣɵ˵ԼǿȲԼûԪػ
ԪߣֵĴڣЩʵʵǵˡ
ɣǸûôˡ
诣
뷴һ¡
ȷʵˡ
̾˿֪ˡ
ڣҪ취Ҹ׵ĵطͣ
ٻͿɫԷЩ˰Լ㱨ȥ
ְѴ˳Ǽҵꡣ
ôͻû뵽ġ
ϰ⡣
诣ǰɣҲû뵽
ϰܴŲµʲôҲͲٶ˵
괬֮课ȥҽˡ
ս̵˵ЩҽƷôʱ򣬿ڷ綼ܽй¶˿͵Ϣ
ѰעȻҲҲԣֻ֣
½ֵҽܰܵʩźҽؿ
̧֡
ҽҲûҪժϵַֻ֣ŵ̨ϣ˶ָΧеۡ
ߣ
ҽʵ
诣ǡ
Ǻȫ顣
ҽ˵ҲҲ롣
诣ֲУҲš
ȻԼֲƤѪȫ¶ĥķĩڸнڻ԰׵Ĺ֮ϡ
说˸Ƿ
˫˫ţǿ龧ʯʣ࣬ҽѯҪҪൽͷϣ课ܾˡ
ΪܱԴ϶ӣѡϥǡ
ĹУ
ȻԼεмˡ
˸˵Ϣ꣬ҽֱ֮˽̵֣Ȼõһۡ
诣
ʤޡ
ңԪػʵûʲôˡ
ϾԪػ״̬൱壬ԭȶеĸ죬ܱܲҪʺš
ΪԵʣʱڲ̫жĥ䵽棬̻
ã
١
شк˵
Ұ˰ǰɱǵˣʵǲеˣ
̣ðɣȻô˵ǵ𣿡
诣ʲô񣿡
̰Ҫ˵˵žǹҪһȺˣĳתֿ⡱ȥˡ
ֿġȫǲͬĻˡ
诣ֻһ𣿡
ҲǲУһ˵Ļ׼ҪһЩҪƻǰʹʲô
ϾܻҪܣҪҪʱ̻øĿ굲ǹ
Ŀ걻ˣԼһǮҲò
ԼǹҲûʲô⡣
诲̫ȷš

ɢط⣬Ҫ弶ϵߣǿһ𰡣Ѷͬˡ
ͬˣ
诣У㻹ʲôһ𷢸Ұɡ
һѼƻɾֱӸɷϢ׼ô
̵ûתһ룬־թɡ
诣֪ҵϢһ߰ɡ
˼ֻҪûͨ弶ˣҲ˵弶ߣ˵弶ʵ
˵Щǿ
ϾֻǸǰᣬһͨ弶ˣҲٷְپͨ
΢ļ޷ͨġ
û£ϿͻˣҶ׵ġ
̵˵мȥˣƽװԼʵ¶ȥ
ȷʵ
诣ҲԣϿˣҪȥӶЭ˰ɡ
ĹԱפ˫϶һ״̬˵ЩԱҲ˹ͨЩϵ
һȥпˣ϶ҪԼܱ¶˹ͨġ
˶ôɡ
ȻҲЩôˣͲΪ˹ͨЧϿ뿪
ȻЩ˴޷Ըʹ¶ԼܣҲܵ
̣Ǹȼ͹ˣǰھְн귽涼ܵŴģ弶߲١
һ˵ͨ弶˵ˣ˼
Ȼ༫ߣûɿˣܳΪ弶ߣԼ弶ȫȺš
诣ţ˵׶Ǳٵǰ𣿡
ǰħս֮ǰǳǳ࣬󲿷˻סʥ˿սͿеҲܶ࣬ЩҲԼģʺȥμӿˣ˵ҪЩƶˣ̫鷳ˡ
һʱûг
ʱʯҲʲôϡĶҪȫԼܣҲҪ츳ʱģҲ˶ܼ
弶жͼ⣬йμҵıۡ
۳һߵĳƺЩ޷ͨ弶ˣɼˣҲһϵеŴߡ
̣ڣҲãطҲã̫սˣ˵ȼʯҲƿ
¾ʲô˼֪
ţ诵ķɴǱ깤ˣָһǮʼѴͣ
ûôν̣͸ѷ˸Ϣ
ɷһ꣬˵һǳǽ⣬иؾ߿⣬˳롣
Щ𾪣Լ˸⡪Ŷԣ⣿
ɵĻشʮԼࣺ˽ġ
غǣǱ˽ģġ
зʲôһԼӵзɴǳƵĹ¡
ûٶʣлˡ
֮󡪡
˵̰ƴŲȥռط
١
ʮֲô֪ƴ㶼ûܿɰġ
ôǽ
ܾ⻰бĺ壬ʲô˼
ɣ첻ʲô֣
һ
ܸɵ죬ǺܿͻһɢɳԼҲ쵣ܽܽץȥ
ܿյ˽̷ϡ
Ǹֿܲ˲ٱյˣҲһЩΪϡе塣
ֻһ˳һӶ񣬶Ὣطƻ
˳ȸ֮⣬ҲôȽϼ򵥵ԭ
ЩطͨɭϣǱȵҲǸ֣ʲôʺܵ׸
罫طƷ
Ȼʵ㹻ĹӶ
ɣֻҪ㹻ҪǿǵӪҵ֮һ
նһֵǵ塣
ҹʱ֡
ûߣæȥˣҲʱҲܽܽλá
Ӷ룬ڹԢ档
ˣΪʲô֪Ҽˣ˵ģ
֮ǰ¡
ɴŰֻ߰棬¶˫ıͶһƳǲвǴ
ɣǼһ߶ˡ
诣Ծܿˣ
û˵ֻʼ˲ơ
ǰһ֮ѾԵش
ضǴССĹŻֻϸĺɫ·ߵĵƹݶڵˡ
Զƶߵ¥Ⱥ䣬ӰҹɫһƬ
ǰһ˻ĹȻĲֿˡ
˶һۡ
ƻõġ
ȥң͡
ˡ
Ƿͷжˡ
˶֪Լ˵˷ϻ
Ѷȣûʲôü͵ģҲ
ƵĵطжϳҵλãѸٵǱ˹ڲ
·ҲһЩѲߵĿأӺͽŲʲô֡
ֻǿ׳һЩͨˡ
ľ飬ЩĶͨˣƬطܿһǿߡ
ڳ󷽵Աͨﴩţķ䣬һһ緭ҵˡ
һ˵̴߽״ûüУֱŲӰڵϡ
Ϻá
ͷҲߣĸǶ𡪡ûߣ
סԷָϷ⡣
˱ȫΣ¾ͷ亹΢
Ǹܣ޷ֻֿʵУĸߣǼ˶ǡ
诣ﻹиˣ
ͷл취ܳȥЩܵļһЩͨ˿ס
诣Ǽߣʲô
˼ѵҡͷҲ֪ʲôȼֻ֪ԸŤ˵ĹͷҿŰܵˣȻЩֵ̫ǮļһмֵĻɲܱԴ
ͣ
诲ˣһˡ
ǻɫͷߡߴңҰһ㣡
¶ԷɱԼһŬһ˵һûõϢ
ӺҲſڵϡ
Ҿλˡ
վ˿̨ϷʮӰ
һȦûҵģȷЩѺ˵λá
˶ڳࡪ
Ǳġ
ڹѺЩܺߵ棬˽һԵϳװƺ׼͵ʲôط
诣أ
ﴫͳԵи˻ӽǡ
诣
ֵ˸˻Ӱ񣬰ŵȻֿ˻ɵߴ
ڳ룬һʬ壬Щ˼ΧһȦ
ڷվм䣬һ˵Ĳӣƺʲô¡
ŻɫͷѾɢңȫƺ˽Ӳ״̬Ҳܶһʿȴû
˼ӣ΢΢ҷ˵Ĳѣڵϡ
ֽס׹ʿеתһ
ƺεĲռǧƽ׵ĳӲмгΡ
һƬֵļУ֧̱ѿʧȥ֧ţм䱻ڿյɳݡ
鸴ӵؿš
Щɻˣڹһ࣬ĵȫ˲ǡ
诣Ҫִ԰ɡ
Ҫɱ𡣡
ڷնӸµؿ̮ĳ
Ӻ̧ͷﵹӳ䵭ɫԼԶѸٽӽĺӰ
ɼܡ
ˡ
һ䣬Щ˶ǰбֵġ
ˣ
һԾ
׬Ǯȥˡ


46 
߸ߵ͵͵ĽȺ, ϡĵƻӳҹɫŵ¹ݶϡ
ܲܿϸꡣ
ӰԶ, ƽذڸַԾܣʱ䣬ͻٶ׵ľ롣
ʱҲոϳ¥
м, ȴá
, Ⱥڷһʱ, ˾͸м޴Ŀš
ԣˡ
Ϊ׵˻ˡ
ݸ, һͷɫĶ̷, ֧״ĺ, ɫʮְ𪡣
ǸĪ꣬ԡ
ˣ
ͣڰǧ
ͽҪͷһ顣
ǵ, 컹Ǽ
读˻֣ðڡ, 
˫ʮ׵ľ, ȻҶǶĿ, ˭ܽԷĻ
ǸȻŭ⼸ˡ
ʶӶҪϴͷ, ǵѾλεɱ⡣
Ҫ, ֹ̧̧֣ǵж
ҵˡ
˵˵, ֪ұҪ׸˭𣿡
е
ͷ, ԼҲ, ץȥЩ棬ľˣ
Ҳֵ棿
ǣ࣬ɱĻࣿ
ü֪ĸ߼ǻɣ϶ըըٷ֮ʮࡪҲֻ࣬ҪҸɹӶһİɣ
Ȼ΢ЦûҵĹ˿͵Ҳ࣬õĻҲˣ˵ΪʲôҪˣ
ʵϣõģ϶ϡ壬Ȼ̫٣û
诣ðɣҷǺ˵һȥһ⣬ô֪˵ô֪Ǹ˾ң
ˣⲻùĵ¡ң췢£Ҳ׷
⻰һڣ课֪㲻ܽܽλãĿǰ˵

̾˿뿴ηӦȴǼһѾʧˡ
诣
ͰսȫԼ
ҲУԼ͡
뵽ôһǮ课;ȫҪȼˣ˷ܵսдӼӿ
ɫӽű߲
Ҹһ¡ǡ
£ڷӶʧԭء
һ
ոⶼشˡ
ѡ
诸оЩ΢š
Լɡ
ʱֺȻƾʧǼ˶ʱ任վλ
иֱӽУƺҪֹϷ͵Ϯ
⼸Χסǵ졣

ָ̧֣⣬˵ͨԷô
ʱʶѾˡ
һתɫʣڰл쳤˫еĳ״
ȻܣԸоһ˲ʵ͡
ûԭȵ
·ȻصոտǶʱ䡣
΢΢üһµ֣֡
ԱһŮӦͷۣ촽⶯ƺĬ˼仰
ſһƬ޴ĵɫιĤ˷ԲʮڵĿռ䡣
ˮĤʴ˿˿˵塣
诣
ǷĳµҲǰļһȻֻǼҲߡ
ɫĤƺо綾ֻҪǸֵķΧͻж
ֻǿԼ˾Ͳж
֪ʲô
诲
гΪ
Ȼ󷢶
ȻԷҲԸ˵϶Ҳԭġ
ҪôҲĳ̸
ҪôΪʱ䣬ĳҪʱ˷
֣诶׼ˡ
Ͼ쿴ᣬôҲǻ켣Ƕİϴ󣬶ܵƿҲ¯ļ
˵ͣҲֻ͵˲ʵ˵Ѿǵ
Ȼֻһּ衣
֮߹ܱȵ͹Ҫá
ʲô
ʮӰϮ
ײڽɫĤϣѺƲ졣
״ĹĤѿƬ
˦ʮɫϣȻȾ˰߰Һһһ׹
һ룬ѪɫɽЩȫжϵˣȾĶҲ޷ӡ
ˣ
˲׽Ȼƽķ
վ˲ƣҲЩ
֮ǰƵĴǽҲֻڴǽ
ΪǸ״̬ҲƮսϺ档

ɱ
ͲµӶӵҲڵǹƥϢ͵塣
ΪЩ˵ȻԼλãڰ
Ծ˶γֵ̼ηչһԶս
ӶԾһ׵ĵ绡
Щҫ˻ٱţǼɵԽתԽ졣
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ǼһβĹ⻷ǧϸĻ𻨱Ž
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ֻܲ׽˸ĵ⡣
ڶ˴ҽŴӷȥžͬ顣
ΨǸͷŹĤ˻ڿ֧š
֮⣬ʺ͸񶷼Ȼܲ
ʵϣû׵˵ƴ񶷼课Դ򲻹һ
ܲоͻᱻŵ
ȻԪƤ
ǣյϢʱΪǸռߡȫûбֳԪ
˭ûΪ˷׵׼ᴩصװˡ

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ŵҲʵףͨˣѾ˼ʮˡ
诺һӵϵĶ̵ˣھʣˡ
ոǼ˵߰㣬ȻٶȺܿ죬ҲмΡ
ڷӶתһֲĿϵѪһקȭ̡
һֱվԱ߿ţĳԭûж֡
读عʱ򣬾һΪʲôһֱսˡ
ڣ׿ĵطʮ׵С
Ҳһһ̵˫
ִڷڵġص۶ɡ
诣
ԭһҲڶ
ϾԼ˷˵ۼЩҲ˲ʱ䡣
վԸߵĵطĹӶ
˭û˵
ˮУ˫ɱ۾š
ϵĵ⻷ȻŸת
ͬʱϸϸ˿߰ĵ绡ȭϡ
ָסĻȦٵЩ͹ļУȫ׵׵硣
ԶԶȥ˫ǱȼյĻס
ֻһϢʱ䣬˫Ъˡ
˫һʮѵȻ׵Ľɭɭ⡣
ӶѾõף¶ݵļ米˫ۡ
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һƬѪУʮצڿ
ٿתš
ʮ˷
Ȼ̶̵ļεĽǶȣȫ뵲ס߾ס
ä㷽ϮĹҲϤЩס

诼һ亹
ոռΪ˽סЩӽǣҪŷͻȻ
Һܡ
ֻǼٶȣȫλġ
˷ڲٿЩɽʱҲûƶٹ֡
״̬Ȼǿôġ
ȻֻңҲ˲
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ЩĴ룬ȫľʹ
ĳָʴʣƬ̵ı㣬յƤ
˵۾ˡ
Ѿвֹһ򱻸ƻ߱ʴ
۵Դ졣
׵ʱĸˡ
Ȼڴϵ۾ͳϵ۾ͬŷе񾭡
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Ҳֻ۶ѡ
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һԵʣЩڴﴫú
ͬ˵ֱˣգۼ䴫ȫ
ڴϣҪʱ䣬㹻ˡ
һ԰׵Ĵ벻趯סϳɼ飬Ȼӵһߡ
ʹ˲Ϸģȥ޸ЩȻٴνпơ

ü
ЩٶȺܿ죬ϵһܿһҿȥҲǺܴ
С
ڵȴԼĸǣȻǸոպȻϿϵ
Ӷ϶ͬյ鱨Ǹһ׾ϵˡ
ʱųͬһ˱仯ĿԣΪսʽȻͬ
ԣӶͬѾɱԼĸ֡
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뵽˲ԥ
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Ӷ̧ͷʮ趯ţ¥ͶһƬħȺ˵Ӱ
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׵ľ˲Ρ
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׵ȭ̺׵Ľмײ
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͸Щƶϡܿһĺ
ּϰװƺװãâģĺӰ
˸һ֣课ȫȷԷܷ۳ǰٷְٵľԵ塣
ôǣȭ̵Ӳ㹻ֵڱԷĽ
ֻҪԼ㹻СģѽƤ
ڽʱҲܲٿЩɽǽ͵ϮһοƼʮѡ
ֻѽѡ
诲ӽǣֻȫƾôȥץЩäĽ
Ҳһץô׼Ĵмʮֻѽȫ㹻ˡ
ǡ
άִĴڣĲ١
ټǰһϵսģѾܴ־ս״̬ˡ
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ܸ϶ԷٶȣҲȻʤԷһӶʮᡣ
һȫ׵磬ЩⲢǽƤ͡
˶һĴ΢һͻᱻ絽
мλᣬԽԷࡣ
֪һԼôֱ۱Ȼᱻˡ
ڽԼµʱ򣬹Ӷˣ˿ȫϡ
ʹһһҲܼս
ҵĴǼ£ұ¹򡪡
Ӷؿ
͸֯Ļĵ⣬˫İĺӡ
ͫƺȼϵĻ档
ü͵ҵĻ
ӶЦһǸˣκ˵ҵΪ͵
ֻʵϣ˶¹Ƶ̨ʡ
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Щǹ֧Ʒûʲô𣬶ֻܸԼĴڡ
һ˵㺦ʧ˼ʮڡ
˵
Ҳ˵
͵غ󳷡
һƬްҹУƲͳ
ү˷ӻǰɡ
Ӷͫһ⣬ǹâԽԽֱӯۿ
һϷ׵׵ڵϡ
һ˲䣬Χ˿ǽٵƬ棬ȫ˵´
ܼڿĦǧóִ̹ǰʹ
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Щ׵Ľнɢһʣܿڳ塣
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ڡڵˡ
ڵϣӶǳԼδӰ𣬾̺ͷ˻᲻˵⡣
Ȼʼҵؿԣ³ѪһĶ
͸֧̫ˡ
ʱͨðػɱ
ޱš
ֻǻ֪һ㡣
Ҳû㹻Ķ
ոյս֮
ЩǶԶӴŷͶηĿ⡣
û˸鿴
ӡ
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Ȼ᲻һʱթʬҲ˵
Ҫȥ˽ҪôʬҪôԴܶž
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ԴӼ޵֮ſһУйܶγԣղŻ״γɹ
Ҫ˵ôģҲȷһĸоÿβһ
ֻһͷǣյ׵硣
Ȼʪ״ףǻδؿ
׵ߣӦǿͻЩƣֱӲٿ

˳ǰ߽ߴͶ䳤ĺӰ
ڷ˫ֻڷ¿ڴȥ̬С
ͷɨһƬǽսҹӰԵø
˵ֶˡ
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ոһںͿͻ̸⣬һڿոۼලжһֻ֡
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ɣʣһȺ㶼
诣
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Ҳǲ㳳ĺۣܣɡ
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ͷһۡ
ѾֳֿܻϮĳ
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Щ䵭ʵ
֪ԷʲôҡҡͷûһЩмƬ֮ġ
£ϴʹмĪ롣
ȻеѸʧ
ɷſ֣ĺܲˡ
лл
诰һۣĺܰ
ɣ


47 
˷˵֮, ҲһЩİɸ߲㣬½½ظȻֻˡ
ǶЩʵ, ҲƲϺǿ
ʲôɱ˷ˡ
˵ʵ͵ļһ
ʲôǣⱲӶûأ
ĳԱ˵硡
±˸ְ汾𾪹𾪣ǶֽҲûʲôܽܵġ
Ͼǰǣֻڶ֮һ, ʵѷں֮Ĵ֯, Ϊһֱ˷ӵе, ȴֻ಻١
ҪǣȻǹ
οĲ˵, Ϲžλİء
֮, Ŀ˸ոռ˺ҹյ, ȻҲûս⡣
ȥ
˵ҶһСԿûꡣ
诱κȫ, ȴûȫָ˸ۡ

ٴһѪܵĶ
诽ӹһۣ, аɡ
Ȼƣ, ޲ֱ˯һ
Ȼڶ֧ʹ, 读ųʹ, ߽˳
ΪոպôϢһ, ָ̧֣Ծ׵˿˿⡣
ұƻ, һƬڰ, ֻӦڵ˸Ĺ⡣
ǶҹӹܵĿ, ֻﵹǲôӰ졣
жŵǹеϣܸͶһȺ׼ߣڻ谵ĻԵЩˡ
Ȼ󲿷˶ûѡǹ
ΪǸӶ߽ҡҷĴһӣͶͷĳȴ
һ׼ǹ͵Ϯˡ
Ѫϡ
ʣµ˷׷ˡ
Ҳҵ˹Ѻܺߵĵط˱š

һۼô౻ˡ
źһΪĹȻѻŸͺŵķӲռ䶼ñ
Ϸ谵ĵƹ⣬Щյģֻ¶һ״դԱͨ
ЩĺϽ˸ɭɭ⡣
͸Щդķ϶˶ڻԣǱעʲôҩ
Ͼղž޴Ҳδǡ
һȦȷûŻصڴǸԿп̨
Щ۶ܿƣп̨Ͽֱӽ
ֱӽİȫҪȨ顣
ĬĬͳոնӹĶ
һֻϵ֣Ȼĸˡ
ײ˲ϵѪְֻп̨Ļϡ
ָƵıҪһʱ䡣
课е㲻Ծͷһĳһ˫۾
ڻĻ˫۾Ȧλε⣬ζĹ
èƻȮƣ
诲̫ȷغ˶ӡ
˼ӡ
Ǹڶˡ
ǰӵţָķ϶צӿסդ
诣
诣ʲô˵𣿡
㲻ˡ
۾˵ϵζǲһѪϢɱ˺ܶ𣿡
诣Ҳ֪㲻㡮ܶ࡯
£п̨Ȩɡ
صһƬǵ
ϰٸεŽ򿪡
ܹܹѺٶˣûбһǿյģֻмʮˡ
ó˦һϣѣѣ
һİĻ֮󣬼ѹ
ʶӣſڵĹӶ
ܿ죬ЩۼļһͿֻ֡
Ƕʶʲô
ͷҲصֱӳˣ˱ȽϽͣſڡ
𣿡
иƬʵ
诣ˣҲߣ߰ҽһ˯ŵˣллˡ
õȷ֮ѡ뿪ˡ
ʣµƺ߸аȫУҲƺ°ܺߣæˡ
ʱѵԽԽࡣ
ҲҵĿꡣ
ܿƣ
Ǹɫ԰׵СŮʮһӣͷǻҺɫģһԼ䡣
ϴһ黨ȹȹںһë޵״βͣëɫǺڰ䣬Ż״·
诣ԲԲ𣿡
СŮصͷ
Ĵ˶󣬡˻Ǯ㣬ǣԼ͵ָĵطҲӦĸĸ
˳̷ϢԲԲƬϵȷϢ׼ˡ
мܿػʾѾȷϣڵš
һĳѾ˹
诿Ž˵һԪδֵڣ˶ҪҸûȥˡ
诣㻹·𣿡
ԲԲٴε˵ͷ
ڼ䣬˶ѾˣЩ˻ڹĴֵǮõĶ
˴ʬ壬ǵʬϵĹԡ
诲֡
Щǰϳ·֮޳ڰǻ켣Ҳûôס
ã˵ᱻİɳԱץߡ
ΣҪԼˡ
ˡ
诿ʼɷϢ㽻ҽ񣿡
ɺܿȥͣ
诣һûأôһ˵Ҳеˣ㽻ɡ
ɣҸĿСȥͣȥС
诣ҲϲС
ͷ˿ԱߵԲԲ
СܹԹԵվţԼȹǣ֪ʲô
诣ֻҪ֣СʹҲûʲô𣬶ܿɰտءˣȥ񡣡
Ҷ׼ԲԲ·
ι
ڳſڣ˽ס
读عͷ˫ɢĹ۾
ոǸ۾ˣһµվһ˫ֵ̥ܡ
ǸӶܸߣľݣɫǲͬһһҰףͷ״ļԵһȦͷɫͬë
˶ᣬŶʮͷȻЩ㲣ȻƳӢü۷ģ
ǡ
Ǹɫͷ˵
ǰ˵ˣͳ˻ƣлл
ֵܿʱԲԲƺЩ£ʶ˶㡣
诣
һᱨġ
Ǹ˵
诣
ͨ˵ܾŵĺôȻЩ˺ܿҪնİˣҲûҪʲô
诣㲻ñңҪĻǵСġ
˵׼ˡ
˲˵ֻЩִؿ
ټټ
课Լٵʱ䣬ҪʹԲԲ뿪ȥһߡ
һСʱĳ̣ƶĽֵ
诿˿꣬Լ˺֮ӵĵ̡
ƬطʲôߣΪ֮ӵĳԱ˿⻹ҹŵ˻ͦࡣ
ҵ˹ָľƵꡣ
ǼҾƵʮ¥ĸ߶ȣҹʱȻƻͨԶԶһƬ޺ҫ
ſҲ೵ֶƵ֡
诽ӹ˳ĳһߣԲԲȥ˾Ƶ궥¥ͳ׷˹
ԲԲĸĸ̱źӴһƽϢ
лл
Ĩ˵ٴΣҪȺСǲȺյôţи˵ĸǷһǮƭȥΪ˵ծ
ȫ⡣
ƶ߱ӣклҲбµˡ
Է֮⣬ﻹһŮˣվڴ߿ԡ
װϵĹԺϵֵơ
ע⵽ֱһƯĺɫͷ
֮ӵĳԱ
ƵѦҺϼֻ˵ĴͼӾ¡
ң֪ʲôʵȾϣڵƹҫ£ǸƺŹ
ǶԷл˹ӶܿתлǸŮˣʾǲ鵽ԲԲǸط
ȥƺݣֻϵô
ûʲô
Ů΢΢ҡͷҪйأȥˣԼȥˡ
֪֪Ѿ˴æǸʲôмˣҲȥϵ𣡡
ԲԲĸײϵлҪ㡪
ʣµԼ޹أβͳˡ
Ϊ˳
ʵ诱Ϊ֮󻹻һЩԱ
˭뵽ǿǵƺƵףֱӳˡ
ǾûҪΪ˸챨𡢻Ϊ˶Щ
صǲΪԼ
ؼҵ·ϣָɷϢҲҪһ˶԰ɡ
°ɣڰǻ켣Ҳֹһ꣬ȻҲŴ۸ӵĹϵ
챾˻Ҳʲô˻ѣǳǮԼ
ɺܿˣ
Լ϶˲֪ٸͣûµġ
诣ݼҸҵˣȻ˿¡һǣٹͣӦҲ𲽰ɡ
û˵
ʱ˿̣ĳƹ⳨װ껪׼֮ڣһȺ˶š
ʬͷϣɻ˽Ϣʶ
ˣȻȷʵǷ˱ˡ
͵˵˵ͷպԼĳ𡣡
ڷ۵һԲùտ׼뿪ˡ
Ǽ߲϶ͣһǮҪȥһҡ
ܲܵһ£и⡣
վЩ棬Ǳô֮ǰס˵й𣿡
ǴףԲǧ׶ܿϢúܿ졣
΢Щ˶жϳǲΪ
ֵȼļߣֹܲ
¡öʮһ弶ߣ׵
߲֪ûйϵ
Ͼʹγǣ׵߲Ƿëǣʵˣ»Ĳࡣ
ǣҲ϶ֻһ
һʱЩò׼ǰһǲǿ¡͵׵ߡ
ɣϻࡣ
ǸĲǿսʵ
ˣ׵ߵй¶ȥ
Ҳû塣
ˣ
һʱЩ
߼
ȻڹӶ̬ȣҲ֪˫ʵ󣬲˵ʲô
̾˿Ҷˣ±ҲûϵֻСһЩϾ¡廹һֱأҲõǱǮ
һ˵һ֣ץססʬĸǲһƬ¶ֱۡ
ԱߵӹһҩС˷˵ֱϡ
ëһ֣¶ƤԼһİɫͼ
һѿг⴩һڣǶΣԱ߻Ҷ״Ļơ
ͼ·һX
ķɫܰףɫǲ԰ףͼۡ
ڹҫ£ܿÿ̲ŹǵĲ⡣
תʬ֡
ֱ£ϣֳָһͼ
ͼ״Ӹӣһڵϵˣϱʮѽ̴
лл㣬λҲֵ֪ĹӶ
صͷڴǵ´κ

ȥֵ·ϣȻյ˶תһǮ
ڡ
˻ϱó֣һʱ䶼о̫ʵ
룬ǸѷϢǲǸˣ
ɣ֮ǰǴӦɸǮ𡣡
诣ʱҪǼʮǼʮô
ɣžУǮƽʲô
üһ
诣УԺ¾ͺҡ
ɣ˵ġ
诣
ǲ˵ˡ
诲ͣ½Ųڷϣ·ӰϡĽֵӿԤС
诣˵ģҪô
ɣ쿪ʼ߹ӶЭƽ̨֡
ЩԻ󣬡⣿ϣҶаұҲܵǮ
ҪǼʵˣȼͺ͸ԴƷܹ󣬺ܻҪˣҪĳԴҲˡ
ˮƽף㹻ͨ˹һӡ
Ƕڷɴˡ˵ҪǼе˵Ҳδܹ
ɣȥʲôʲôǮ㣬¼ҵġ
诣Ҹˢ¼ΪʲôԼAӶ𣿡
ɣS
诲ŵذ˰㲻ǿ֢˰ɣʲôϷҪȫɾͣڹӶЭעҲҪ
ɣ㻰ࡣ
ˣȻǿ֢
Ǿˡ
诶ڸˢû̫Ϊûǿ֢ҲˢԼĵȼο׬ǮԼġ
˵Ҳǵ˺ܾõASûôңԶ
ǵAҪܾá
诣ǡ
˰Ҳ벻ݴʡ
诣УҾ͸ɣȷܽӵҹƷ̶ֳȵˣȥֱɱɣ
ɣһġ
诣飬ѡѶÿ춼Ҫɱһ죬ˡ
û˵
诣ţҾôһ˵ʵҴͦˬģҲû⡣
˵һսʶ뵽һ¡
诣Щ˿ǵսǼ³紫ȥ֪¡᲻ɡ
ɣ
ʵпܡ
诱¡ҵ˵׻ΪǸ
¡һֱҪѰ뿪򣬷ʵ¡
ɣ𣿡
˾ͽսһ顣
˵ʵ
ؿƼͿ¡塪
֪Ĳž뢣ٶʷĺ塣
УʵҲޱʵ
诣֪ǿЩҲкǿ˰ɣ
ĲµǣΪʲô֮ǰȡҪѡô͵ķʽ
ȻǸطǿŻԶϣĿҲﲻ
ɵЮɭأֱӴ߿ȥ¡
ѡ˸鷳ķʽ˼ʱֻΪѵѣԴαװǱ
ѵΪԸ̫֣ǵ¡
ɣɣôǿ
⻰˵üΪ⡣
诣
ˡ
Ū뷨ˡ
賿ʱֽɴγǡ
ڿո۵ͣλʱܽܽ˯ذһ춯ûо
վ˯뿪ʻصϢң߽һ
Ѿװ޲µļҾߣ˴ҡ
Ҳڴֱ˯
峿ʱ֣ܽܽˡ
ˡ
˹һ˵Ҫɱ𡣡
Ŷͷʲô
˸Ƿ´ȥʻտ˿أȻ˶ѹˡ
µվڲǰ棬ͷɫǸţһֱ۴ں档
诣
ͷܽܽ뿪һ
ϴˢ·
һϵ֮˹Ȼûߡ
说ϢҺ͹εش򿪲ţϺãǣһȥԵ㶫ɡ
Сʱ
ƮɢŨϢֵǽͷԣֱ߶ʮӡ
ЩըȻ˵
߳ĹͷǿеøɸɾＸʣ
ң϶˹ԡ
Ҳ֪ǲǴľʬϰӶѾС
ǰŵˣͷùԵ㵥ǮӲˡ
գգ۾ͨڿͼ𡣡
Ҹܡ
˺޷ĵ˵Ҳ̫ЩӲƷġ
诣
ֲ֮ǰԽ
һ֧°ͣȳ԰ɣ˵
Եּֿ죬۳˶⣬ٳһ̵ʱ򣬶Ƕ˺ܾһ
ȥȫûʱ˵ġ
Ӻָɳһѿӡ
ܵܲ˲죬ԣǹӶ𡣡
ԱߵĸҲ̧ͷؿ
ڷٻɫů£ֵݶӳø
ŷ֡
ܵܵͷҼŲְɫĤŵƹ⣬ֳ峺ı
ԱߵĸʵǰͷŲǳǳĻɫ˿
ܵܣ䵭һЩ۽΢΢Ĥĳλɫǽ۾Ƶꡣ
ڣ΢΢ͷشӶĹӶĿӡ
ȴҲûκζ⡣
ǶͬǼҲƣЩ΢Ĳͬ
诣
˷ֱǺס
Ȼ͵΢ʵ죬ƾ۾ɫҲˡ
½
ܵܺܿҽܣָָԱߵˣֳҲһˣҸ½
㷹֮ȥ˻ƣȻɵͳҲԲº
ſӢųЦݣͬʱ¶һԼȮԵøɰˡ
Ҫǣë޵ĳβͣȻʼҵҡΡ
诣á
Ŀ⼸ʶβͻȥţҽ诡
ղ뵽ﲻͬڶˡ
Ǻ͹ɡ


48 
γǾ, Ҳǵһμˣÿ˶¶β͡
ǹӶ, ʶݡ
ǾΪʲô⣬ֻһֹӶϰ߰ˣƽװʱ򣬾ͲԸ¶Щʾݵ
ӶҲסһ
˵, Ȯ֮, ˾β, ҲôҡΡ
ֳ֮ܶǵһμ
诣ܸʶǡ
½Ȼǵһκദڱ˶βͿ˿⡣
ǹӶ𣿡
Щִٴһ䡣
诵˵ͷ, ǰ
½գգ۾, ɫڵƹԵøǳ, ȴûаĮС
һҴ
诣ǵģ
ӶԼķɴǹ¡
˵ЩӶĴܵģǽķΧ, Ҫڲͬش
Щͣһϸɻ׬Ǯˣͨ
ɴЩǼʹӶ˵񳵵Ĵһ
½𣿽, ȥǸ򣿡
诣Ƕ˵, ʵһе״̬
ţ
½˦˦ȥβͣһ, ڲΪʲô
诣
ΪֻһС䴬, ҵΨһһʱԱһ
Ȼô˵
ǻ᲻ļֵ
Ӧûʲô, ҲܽܽĴڱ¶ȥ
ңҪܽܽԼĴԱ
µڶû¾ء
诣Ϊ, ûǺ, ҵĴ߲˶Զ
ͬһǹ, ͬһϵĺУǲ̫ҪǺŵġ
һСɴĴҲ֧ó̡
㹻һռվһռվԴ
ǽ΢;ĿϵУͬһƬ֮ڣҲҪǺŵġ
ϵ𣬾һϵֻһǣһкܶǣÿǶһϵġ
仰˵һкܶϵ
ķɴ䱸гռ棬ֱӽԾǨҪͨǺţܽг뺽С
϶ɵһûԴ
ϾռվҲΧǺŽġ
Ǻһôλöǹ̶ģڱȽϷ򣬷Ǽʺ
ЩǵǺŸ׵㣬һ൱Ľֶˡ
ԣһҿԾǨĴ
½Ρ
ûС
ʼ磬Ҳ𡣡
󽢡
ֻд󽢲䱸ռ档
ң󽢵ļλӼǧ򵽰ڼֻЩͺŲгռ档
Ѱǧ򼶱Ĵ󽢣ҲֻܽгѲˣܶԾǨ
һûĴ
½ͷֻԶԶ
Ҳ
ڳĿոɭء¡Ĵ̫Ưķɴ˺ӡ
ĳ̶ֳ˵һ̿Ļ棬ǺĿˡ
ǿԵĴԱ
½˵
ٴα仰ˣ
ǿһǮɴ
½βٴλңǰڴϴӣܶǶ
ַ̧ڲҪȵȣǰҲǴԱ
ȫǡ
βٴͣһ¡
ҺҸǹ¶ԺģҲԺġ
Ժˡ
˫峺۾Щˣһռվҵ˹ﱻٵˣǽһ·ķɴ
Ϊпռվάɴľ飬ǶתתڲͬϸɻֻǶʱǴӡ
Щ˽Щǵǲ벻ǵ⣬Ҳ͸άһ»֮ġ
½е㲻˼˵һҲɢȰȼϹ֮ġ
ȵȡ
ҲٿһЩϣһ㶼
ֲӦö𣿡
ֹص¶ֱӰȼϹ𻵻д䡣
ɢȰ嶼ڷɴϣǺڼǿҪӴȥġ
ȥĻ˰ɣ
ǰ
½˵ͷҲģûС
Ըȥޣ˾ˣҲԸеķ
̾˿
Լˣһ룬ԼϵĴԱǾԸɲµġ
Ҳǵͬ顣
½ͷ˵ڴϻ췹ԵģǺͻ˶˵ûɶ𡣡
ǰ£лûеΣյĹȻͽǡ
շתٵطֱڵĴһϲ˿ڵǵ٣Ϊ˻ߣͱһץˡ
Ҳܣȴ˵½סˡ
Ⱥûȫǣʱ䣬ֱԴǵ֫
诣
ˣҲٻΪ֮ͬʲô
գȷʵԿһ¡
ȻʵûĥҪʲôԱԼܹռˡ
ϾڻǮ׶Σ뿪ʼǳ󺣿϶һʱ䡣
ʱĥôǿô׬Ǯ
˼ʱ
Ŷԡ
ԶѵϢҪȥˡ
ǴֻΪȥɹӶӦøɵ顣
˭뵽Ǹǿ֢ˢ¼
ס
诿˿ɷϢޣôиꡣ
վҶڲ뿪򡣡
ڲĻҲҪдԱ
诣ǽһϵʽɡ
ҲٴȥԼĴţ߸ɴֱӳɵĹԢſڡ
ֻȡԼʱ˯ʲôط

ôֵֹġ
ðɡ
½ȥеʧͷƲȥβҲҡˡ
½ͷβû˵
诱Ϊ³ν̬ȡ
˭뵽ɨ½ĺ֮½Ҳֵ̧˵ԣͬڿͶӰ
诺˺ѡ

ȥˡ
֪ݣȥ磬͸ɴඪһҪԽ
Ҵô˵ҲɴֻҪʻ̫߱ѹٶȣںлǺܿġ
Ϊ˾ϻһ¡
Ҳǵһο֮ǰƣ鷳
״̬ãֻ죬ſž˴ĸо
뿪֮յĺ̺ܿɢˡ
׵˿ϡɢ飬տĲﻺƶţżһӹ·ľɫ
ɢȥ͸ǰϴֿϵľɫ
ԴɽֺʯĺĽ׺ɽҰ䣬ԶԶȥһĻ
ϲ
Ĵȥλ˸
һ죬ľǿգһῴЩƺߡ
ڿбȻţԼƵӰ￴Ļ档
һƯ
ܽܽϷֱƵ֦һ˼ʲô¡
ʻյκܸߺܴĸ
ˣ˹ͷĿԵü֦ץΣҲȫĴ
ܽܽûҲ뿴
ͷŶҲûֻƵȻɴ̫պУһֱڻ档
ҲûôƵ
ܽܽš֦ȥһС˶ֻ֡
ڴϵʱһֱǸ棬ҿڷɴʲôλá
诣Ȼ⻰ûʲô壬֪ҿԸ㣬Ҳڻա
Ŷ
ܽܽƺЩˣɡ
诣
ô룬̬ܽܽܺá
读ͦһġ
Ӧð봬ԱбЩ˴˲ϴ
һߺ˼һתŵͼǿ쵽ˣȻڴϣûɣ
ð
òһʣܽܽҲ̫ö󲿷ʱ䶼Լڴ
诲ûаѴͣĿûΪϢﲻʺͣκؾߡ
Ѵͣ˸ɽ´شʰװ´ˡ
ǰǧ֮һƬʪأԶԶɫΣƬ
׼żȻԼҪıǸɵѶȿ϶
ټһҹǰһװڻ˸Ŀͺ
һĿʾģʽлȳ߽֮С
͸߸ΣɼŻǵˮֻ߹ס
Ʒǳƽʱʱи´ˮб¶
Щ洣ľ֦ҶïͶ´ƬӰϲ߻аɫľԡ
诲ˮ˼ط·
Щºľ޾ǰ죬ϡشˮϣȥһƬ޹ɵԹ
ЩɫΣԶ޵ϢΪеĳЩ綾ʣڽӴлϷӦ
Ӿ
读һ¶ѷϢ
ǱǹѰҶޣҵַ֮˸ȥɱ˿ֱӸꡣ
ǣǸѰ޵ˣҲֻԶԶƬΣսһЩƵ뿪ˡ
ҪڷԲʮڵУѰĿꡣ
޻ɱطֻһֻҲõıȺŹ
ҲˣĿܻ
˯ҲĻе鷳ˡ
ֻң׿ɫɫﲢǺܺñ
תСʱҵ½ʳĶޡ
һֻ޴ļ׳棬Ű͸ʳᣬɫǰ֫ץס
Ǹһֻ򾣬߻ҪһЩＷཬʱ򲻶˦ࡣ

ⳡʵǲôĿ
诲ۿ̫ãͳŶ׼ҧԴһ˲䣬˹
ֽѸٲ˵ٶҲ˼ӿһĿꡣ
ɱǲܵġ
ǰ˲ʮӣڱᴩ࣬ز
诽ʬ˷ɴ
صӶЭύڴҲһѱĿϴĸо
߳˽ʬԵԽΣԽŹӶ˵ʵ
ھܸоЩͶǾη壬ҲĲΪȻ
͹濴ŶԷ
ʶɱˣȻûмʲô⣬ȷǶ֮󣬾ƽ̨ϵ
ûӣ课յ˶ת
ʮ
һ˲䣬课Լˡ
Ϊʶú١
صϣɷϢ
ƶû˹ġһΪǧء
˼ӣɻظˡ
߹ǡ
ƶû˹ġ
߹Щ񶼽㡣
诶촰ڷ˸ۡ
һʱ֮ڣ½½˼
̶ͬС죬սʱӵСʱܹ鶼ֵܻܶġ
󲿷ʱĿ궼ޣֻһΣĿǸߣǸעӶǮۿɱ
ΪΪЭˡ
һǸֵĴڡ
ҵףĳеȭſڣ诽˷ˡ
˵һڷɱ
Ǹ˳˳ǣЦ˵Ǹļһǿˡ
һ˵һְס첲ϵ˿ڣƤⷭĽ˿ڿˡ
ü
һ
鱨ﲢδᵽȥҪǮˡ
̵š
ʱֵ磬½ܼһȭɢȥΧ볡Ĺڡ
ЩڶǰǾ񣬵ȥǺǵӡ
ͷȾû̵ˣŸʽ࣬ƤϷֲĽ
˵һ붼ĳɵĳԱҲڽͷ켣ġ
Ҫ򣬴󲿷˶ѸٺˣһξʼΧۡ
ҲǾ仰
ˣ
ǰ㲻֪Ǹˡ
һɱ𣿡
ǾͲˣ˵Ǳģ϶׵ߡ
һ˵һߴ诡
ȫװƤû¶ʲôҲ
˵鸾ҳˣǧ͡
촽ǲ㡪Ǹ㣬ּߣܻż͵ģɱܻ֮Ū

⻰û˵
ʼ磬ϧͷȴֵôࡣ
ȻǳսСʱ
Ǵӵ½һֱ򵽵ϣ˻ˣлٵĽֹһ
ǵ˶о飬ԶԶĳ棬ͺܿܿˡ
˲ûκ˱꼰㡣
Ҳ֪һ㣬ʱûʲô˼ɡ
֮Ҳ⵽˵ķȻҪõ鸾Ǳ͡
ϧǵʵ治в
һܴҲ㾪춯ء
ȻЩֱӻٵ¥õսѷɫǵûʲô£Ҳ˱ŵͷ
诽ͻȥϢ
һ˯ѣ㿪͵ȫϢӰԼڽͷŹӰ
һƬҫɫ̳׹Ӻգȥиַ緶
诣
ĥſ¡Ҳˣ֪롣
¥š
ԼɵĹԢ˯ŵģʱŵӦòΪ
Ϻá
ţվ˫̥ǹֵ
诣Ϻã
һηֱѾжʱ䡣
֮ǰϷ˸׷ӡǣβ鿴ǵλãǶھԼԶĵطҲû⡣
ǵû˲ýĹأҲǽˡ
һǸɱˡ
½һ˵һ߽ĺӷŵϣϣΪһ鷳
说򿪺һ
һѪܵİͷ黹ڷŭֵ˲䣬Ŀ
ĲȥǱпģǱʲô˺Ͽ
诣ҲʶһҲ²£˵鸾
½˵ͷʵǿܶ࣬Ǹ죬ֱ׼ųȥ˵и塣
ֵ֪˵ļֵϢȥǿ϶൱鷳
Լûʲô£ߵĸʺܴ
ǾͶˡ
诶оϲƵѪϢллǡ
֪ʱˣֵδԱ¡
ֻ˵һֱڸɹӶʾᵽһе
½˵һŭԱߵ½û˵ﶼЩ޵
һֵ֪Ĺˡ
һ½¿ˮһ߸Ǵһ׷ദľ̸֮
Ʃ˵ҪΪģһҪ͹ֱ׼ȷ
ңùӶЭǸƽ̨񣬾͹ϵҲ÷ϢҲãҪ˽ϵ
诺˵ٸӣϢȥˣһҪڽǰ׼ϱ͹أһҪҽԺ졣
ֵ۾š
˫ɫ۾һεѧ
诣ΪЩģҪ˿ǵĳЩӶɱ˹Ϊ֮취Կɡƽ̨˵оǿЭ˳洦ģǴʱ㹫ƽ
ԼҲ£Ҷ׼ȽҪг¼
͹˷ʱ䲻ֱЭ˲þ
Ͼȴ洢ƽ̨ģǸֱ֮ӽǮת
ֵ켣ڴϣ龭࣬Ҳһ͸˼
½Ҷˣ˵ЩҪģģܿܶǹµģ
Աߵ½˼һ룬ʱҲҪܿˡ
̫˵ڵʱȴ棬ÿֶϸ˼
ֵҲ
ϸֱĻ½ɤǱȵܸܵӳһЩ
诣û˼
뿪Ȼ뵽һ⡣
ǰһ棬ҹǾҵгĿոۡ
ʱգǾȻƾζҵԼһҵԢǷɴ
ߵȥ֮жԼҲԶˣҲԶԶﲻֵز
Ȯ˵ǿȻ츳ܰɡ
һ߸пһ߿ʼ嵥
һ˲䣬˼Լһ񣬰ԼҰ޵λá
ǣ߽ݾ
Ҫȥµ
ѾһĽ׶ΣٴŸߣջѾ޼
ǴʱɼҪΪ˸ĥѾյԼһ׵ܡ
˺ս֮⣬读˷ڸѩɽݵɭɳĮѰ
ʱˣ𽥷ԼѰٶһЩ
ȷⲻҰοĴ
ڷѩƮҡɽ
಻ϵѩȫڸӾХĺĴײŷֿҵ
۾Ͷ䲶׽Ϣǳޡ
Բػạ̊́ĹӶŶӣоǵĴڡ
֪ˡ
Ǿܡ
ߵĻ֮һٶȵһԱǿ
ߣΪ޿Ρ
Ȼ˵һǸۺϸһֵܴġ
֪ĿͶؼһ
ҲǾĳ޿Ρ
͵ľҪϵͳѵ
˳ظɷǾνĸ֪԰ɣ
ɣȻأȶ˲Ļþ
诣
˾Ͳó졣
ʼɰǹֵˡ


49 
诣, ѾܶûȾˣΣ, ţô˵Ҳʱʱ̶ֻܸ֪̿ʱ, ôһ˲, ֪ĸˡ
һŵ
ȻأϾָо΢ֶ, һźץա
ҶͻףԼоеġ
Լ취
ʮ˵, ÿ˶һ
һЩͨĲְɡ
ε˵, ְֲֽ, һĵöѣûԼж𡣡
ɳĬ˼ӡ
רע
Ȼϧ˵񡣡
诣
з̳֪ʹһҪרע
˵˸į
Ҷ֮, һǳһŵѩ˼Ŀλá
һӣ诺Ȼ뵽һַǳĸо
һ˲, Χҵľ·𶼱Զȥ, һƬɫģ, ĳطһƬ, ΧһЩɢС㡣
ˣ
ٴ˷, оȴݼţܿҰֱãѩ, ׶ѻ֡
̫ˡ
ܻһӡ
Щ㱵š
һ, Ȼɵ˼
˵ڸ֪зʱ, רע𣿡
һΪ׽Ŀ˷ܣȷʵûٱּע״̬ˡ
ոһԴ¶λĿꡣ
ȴûټǰ
˸ط£Ŭƽľ
ʶνרעָ¡
ȣҪȷԼ¡ѰһǾǿĻ
ͷڣܻ֪ȥ
Ҳоġ
ǵ̲Ǻи߶ȽǵľҲɽҰСҪǿࡣ
ڸ֪ģʽ޵ľһػ棬Сֻ˸˸Ĺ㡣
ŬоſȻԽԼȥ£Խӿ߰Ķ
ƩռǱʱûϢ֪սĲô
Ʃ纫ԥû뿪
뵽˺ԥ뵽ƽʱʮ¶һεˣ

Ҳ֪˶ãٴƽ
˿Ѿ˺صĻѩֻĿĺʾЩˮ
ɽ£һѩĲ԰׵ܣһš
ȻٴΡĿꡣ
ʱ̫ãֻֻһλãںһ޴˺ҧ
ڸֵ֪ǾŻײ˺Ļ档
͵µСǣһȺɢĹ㣬Ϊ䡣
ܡ

ٿһ
ôţͼڸ֪ģʽ£ԼҰ
һ̣ͺɳ壬ŻԽԽǧ׵ľܿ챻
˫ʮ֮ʱЩԼԼҲ
Ҫ
žĻ͵طֿƺֹͣ˴򶷣볯Լķ˹
ţԼʴһĴʹ
֪Ȼɢ
ããѩɽ˺˵ϵĻѩƣȻɿɿ׹
վ
Զ̳ʲôٳ˹
һǰһﱼܣƿʱѩ˻ѸԶ
ΧŰããѩϸıѸᣬγǧٵļʸƿն
ĵ˱ɢ俪ƬƬ⡣
诿ͷһģһޣʶԭȴ̡
ǸоǿĶֳ֣Ǳܷ˴ܣ׼ȰԼŪ
Ҳ˵ǲľ

̾һ
Ρ
ɼܾͶˡ

ʱ˿̣ǧ֮⣬һɽеܻſڡ
һܷ䣬ڸŲݴԵĵԶѿ¶רͣõܡ
׼ȷڼϣı߿۶λ£졣
ŹӶЭƷˣӷ
»⣬ĿҲ£±̲ݸǵ״̬
Ǹô£
ԶĻڴŴֲĺϽǰվһˡ
˱ǣһԭأһûĵܡ
Žɫ̷ӼߣѾףһ۵ĺɫװͦĲϹճȳΣԼ̲ǿ

ЭԱһۣڱ˴пĪ
ӴǼһԴվվԱ
ͨҲʲôĽɫ
ң˵ĸ߰ɵһ࣬ȫԺԲƵġ
ιһʲô
һӶЭԱǰ·˵ĻǱ߿Կ·˳һֱǰҵ򡣡
췢û˵
ûת
Ȼǳصİȫţƺڹ۲Ƕķ壬ƺʲôûп
ߵԱߡ
ô£˵ӣ
췢˳Ĭضǰ߷·͸˴š

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Ͳ󣬵ڹӶЭɻģҲ֪Эܴ󣬱Ͼ˹ͨ塣
ʹˣϾڰǣҲÿ˶֪Эᱳ˭ǹӶЭᣬҲǰµļһ
ȻЩ˴ڵ½ֵЭҲ磬ܵߵѵء
ǹӶЭĲҵ
һԱ˵ڲԱܵ룬Ȩġ
췢û˵
㻹ҪվǾǡ
ˣ˵ôϻ
һԱͷصɵĺùӳԣ
һ˵һ֣صǸ췢ϡ
ӶЭˣȻߡ
ܱɵ칫ģЩʵˡ
ոһ¿赭дʵżǿʹǿ׳ͨˣҲٻᱻƷɳȥ
췢˿վԭء

ǸԱ㶣źһӴûе㱾£㲻Ϊܵǡ
δ䣬ĲȻһס
δڵĻȫˡ
ԱǸԱһǰǰһڣֱӱɳȥˤʮ
ļ˵죬Ӳһδ׳ײöѿ
ûüҽУſ˵ϣ֪

췢΢΢һֻ㽫˾ٵС
סԱͼϵȴ޷ľ޴ơ
ţǸԱʼ΢ŰۿϷﲻܿƵһĻһĻ档
ˡ
ڹӶЭĳԱ
и᳤˹ǰʱӴһˡ
ЩͬõƬŰʱȻûһ˸ϸݡ
Ʃ縱᳤Ǹ˵ľԻȻԱҲֻǡ·żм䡣
Ǹ˱ܵѵ֮ͬ仹İԹ¡
˶ʾĽʺޣϾҶ֪ʲôˣȻǧֻΪָǼһ
Ȼ˵ǸպᣬѾļߣҲ˲
ǻ̲ס˽ۣ˵úܲҡ
֮ǰ֪ʲô£款ڻأɫҴҲ֪ʲô
мΪͬ»Щɥ
ǻָһаʽϧҲᡣ

ǸԱл㱵š
˫Ŀؿգͫ׼Ѿȫɢ
˼ͬբĺˮӿؽһš
˼ӣʼҵس鴤ӿ˰ĭ
췢ֽӵ˵ϣ׵һ
һ룬صĴźȻ飬ɢĺϽĴ䣬ضײ
̶ľ쳹ÿһ䡣
ϰٺԱѵǷ׷׸ȫս׼
ͬʱһװ˻һȺɨſڡ

Сʱһܷͣ˻ǰ
ԥӷ߳ɲؿŻصĴš
ΪⱩ¶λãոȥγǼ˼£˭֪Ȼǽ峡
ﶼƮɢѪϢ
Ľвá
ԥʶߣȻ־Լһ֮˹ô滹лˡ
Ҫȥܾһأ
ԥ΢΢ҧڻѹס˿־壬̤ѪζĻء
񷶥̮һ룬ȥͬ棬ԶԶȥضǲȱʬͻ
˵ʬȥǱԴϻѪҺԽĻ
ԥɫȻѿ
ĸй̶ȣȻжϳжٻˣЩſڵϵֻ΢ĺ
ȻЩ󲿷ֶߣǿģʱ޸
ǻܵȵһ
һƬǽķи췢վʮԶޱؿ
ԥʶһ
ȫǱܸеη塣
ָоûˣ
֣֪еҲӲͷƤУʱ᲻һ˿һս⡣
㡪
ԥѵش˿
ҪʶԷΪʲô£ɱЩˣȻ޷˵ľӡ
һ룬ԥԼڲ
Ϊ־
췢˹
·ʱŲ಻ͬȻ̫ԣҲܿһȳһյġ
һ̣ԥʲôˣֻǱҪҪܣȻֻҪһ˲ͿԳǧ֮⡣

췢͵سǰһ߬סĲӣεضԭء
ѾӲˡ
ԥŵؿŶԷ
ѾĸȻ췢˱˰ͷ࣬Դһ˫İɫ
˫İɫĤϡŻͫס
ԥ޷ٷ
ţԺﲻܿƸֳһĻһĻ档
һǰĳŰǵĵ¾ư־һСǰ˷ۣ˵ҹǺ˾ĳҴʯ˹ͨ壬һܷһʺơ
˹У˷ɱˣҲ޷ϢԴԥһȺϺš
ս֮ش׹ڻǡ
ڻȹ뿪ΪʯҵƬĹӶЭᡣ
ΪʲôǰǵĹӶЭ᣿Ϊʲôûֱȥ˹ͨ壿
Ϊʲô
ԥл㱵š
Ϊ˹ͨ˲ôü򣬲ǰңǽЩطױ¶١
˵˹ͨչʯûаϣͨӶЭеġ
ⱾҲһ̬ȣϣʯϵӶЭᡣ
Ҳ˳Ѱ诣ǲǻá
ڷŮiµ׸ֳ

췢ƺһסԥָһ
һ£
⴫欵
лú˵
ܿڲԶ㿴ļˣ֪ûɱܵܣҲģҡҵʱ״̬ɱ
ǱˣҲǱûͼ췢˲δԥֻǽӵһߡ
ȴδֻȻŶԷ
˵֪˭Ҳ֪ǵĹϵΪ£һɱΪ˼ڵͽҴ¡
췢ɫ䣬ֻؿӣ˺˵
С
˿ҲƺˣֻҪټƻˡ
Ĵ˶ˣǵֻҪƻỺ޸
һԣٵҲһ֮䡣
췢˵Ҳ̸
ҡ
欲Ҵ̧֣֮ǰԼ̸ܺˣ˵ˡ
ĹͶһȫϢӰڴķϡ
ӰһŮԣĳɵڵƹҫ£ͬһȼյĻ档
˿ȥȹͻСʮͷģ
䡢ǷףڹԳǿĳÿƺϸϸȥ覴á
Ĵʮ⣬ñ׼ӱģؿڵĺ챦ʯ׹
ȫϢģ̧۾ʲôװģ
ԱߵĲŰ볨ţձϻӡıǣԿ̽ںϽǼѶ
ɤӣ£Ҹոա
Ŷˡ
΢΢ü͵ػع˫ʯȻ壬ۺ磿ܵҵĵҰô
欣
欶ʱ󺹣£
Զǧ֮⣬ô˵Ĳ۵ֱɱй𣿣
˹ͨ
ۺ絭ؿڣδӦǾв𡣡

˲ͷ˵ֵܣһǣҲֵȥ㳤ԴΪ˿һ𣿡
欣
⻰Ҫͣˡ
ֻҪһ仰¶ȡ
ۺϾдʬԱߡ
𣿡
ޱؿ̵ֶΣĻ𣿡
ۺ磺㡣
˵˲ǡ
¶ЦһɱܵܵˣȻҪƴʱ򻹻˸㱨Ҳ£Ǹ˵ĿĻϣǲݡ
˵꣬΢΢°ͣеӣ͸øϿȥֵ֣Ը
ž͹ҶͨѶ
ۺվԭû˵
¶ȸ˵ĺе
ӲͷƤ˵ܵܵƬȥǱ͵Ϯˣܻʱӡ
δ䣬ۺӰѾʧˡ

ԥŲȥˣ
˿ҡҡͷﻹʲô𣿡


50 
ϡ
ܶǡ
ҵܲ¥ﶥ¥, һոսԱ뿪еȫϢӰҲѸɢ
鱧ݰ߽, δ뿪λճϰ壬ǱµϢˡ
ճЩƣؽӹַ˷ݰϵƬ, ܿͱˡ
⡢ǡ
תת, ǼƬ, ֶµ
Ƭҹ¥ϸԵЩģ, 򶷵ӰҲ̫
ճһͼ, ݰ϶ʱһȫϢĶ̬Ӱ
˵ӰѸ, ɫĵ䣬׵䣬צĴס
û
鱨˵, 뵱һͷĿսˣ, ۽ӽڡ
ΪʲôҪͷս
ճݰ, ҵĺֶŮӮˣ
ǵ, , ֻǺĻûĵ, Ϊ׻Եʣ豸ƻˡ
ת鱨ӵĻ
ճûް
诵, ǺҲſʮ, ڰ˲ꡣ
֮ǰ, 诵ƺδչ¶
ȻӳߣԻЩͬܿڵִﰵ֮󣬲űġ
ڿͬܡ
Ǹ鱨ˡ
ճָָݰ壬ȷ诣Ǳˣ
ӰңԶģҲ˵ڵ˴룬һֻƵأ׵ô֣ҲǷëǵĴڡ
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ճһ£м˵˼ӦǸӶˡ
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ҵԶŴ򿪣һŮ˽֡
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ȥҲЩƣ롣
ϹѧķУͶո꼶ܹѧϣ뱾Уġ
κȻɼ죬ҲģҪת뱾УøྫͬУЩʵƵ˾
ÿУֵǳޡ
߶Щõģа취Ը
ȻѧУ˲
Ҳͬ뷨
ЩƽƽģҲͱүСԣʵǿʧȥ˺̨ͬĻᡣ
ʣµЩˣ˴˼䶼ˣʲôֶΣֻƾ
ﲢǰǣҸɱˣδӡ
οĳ̶ȡ
̾˿ȥμӼѵˣǵʦϴǵҺͰ֮ԥѡ˭
ңǰʱܵңҲСڶ޷ƽ˵רעѧϰѵˡ
ճҲ֪ŮӲδ˵ôֱӹˣ
мҪ˵
һ֮ǰŲμ˱УǱߵҲȥһˣʶ˼ˡ
ճ΢΢ͷУǱߵѧ۳Σʵףвٹ׼塣
ʶһЩǱߵȻܺá
񣺡ҽܣǵ游ǹµ֡Ǻǵ죬ᵽ˿ĸߣ
ȻҲġ
ǵ˵ʬ屣Ǹ˾ͿԽ临
⻰ʶ뵽Լĵܵܡ
ʬǳֻǲ֪Ϊʲô˿ڳٳٲȻһֱ£˾ĳ컹ѹ
򴽣룬ǿȥԡ
ȻܵѾȥ£ҽû˵ʱޣȥѯʣҲֻ˵ģ
ȻǱϾǹݣ⻰δǲ׽Ӱ
ʮλļ߸֣ǧǧ˵˿
ʲô
ճ￴һۣƺûж鶯ģܼ£ܼߵˣ
ԥһ£ҲЩۣҺܿҲżԼܣͨ弶Ŀˡ
߲ȱԪߡ
ճҡͷ˿ʮڣǿˣȱȽǣҲ֪ʣ֪μ𣿡
ѵȫȻʯͿԣ
ûȻǴʯʯ֮ħ˷ʥ֮󡪡
ճﵭصֻЩŲƷֿܲͻˡ
񣺡ѵϾȫ򲻵
ճЦֻƬͺ壬ʯ˭ó
ȻͽЩƷϾǳߣͨʯǳϹϵ
Ҵ󲿷ʯˣõĶٲƬǴȻ
ֻͨ˳Ϊ߰ˡ
û˵
һ׿ʵиͬѧг԰ɣ
ţҵˡ
Щ䵭
ϹѧѧѰ󣬴ʳ޵ʩʹõļ۸񣬶ѰĸУҪһЩ
ֳˣЩǮʲôѧУ꣬רҵƵѧ֣ѧһЩĿγ̣Ҳǳ
˶һڸĸĹ˾һѧ
ȻЩҵײᡢǸԭϰˣ꼶Ϳʼҵˡ
ʱǵıҵ֤ϻʾѧֵĿγ̣ƾҲҵĹ

֪ļҲ֪࣬ڱҵȻ뿪ȥ
ΪΪԼ£˭֪һﾹȻˡ
ĿҲΪѾˡ
ܵǰ档
ʧɫʲô
ʵǰ˵ʲô
֪豽ĸ¥ֻΪĶѡ
ƽʱһֱԸõܵܺͳദҲ³ֶߡ
ԸȫϲҲûлӽ뷨
ַһ𣬶ʱľ衣
Ϊʲôô
ճü֮ܵʲô𣿡
ûעֻʼ䣬˭֪Ӧô
֣
͵ظץסӣ֮ǰǲ鵽˵ǽܷ˹ŵˣΪг𡪡
ճ˱ۣڵĹ˾ϴ׵ģǰɵʱɱǷΨһĶӣ±Ǹܣǲ鵽Ÿôûֻܵܵġ
ȻʹΪʵѷһֻܼȴʱ
ʵϣҲԶˡ
ճ￴ϵݰ壬滹诺սƬ
ҡͷۣ㲢û֤ݶ𣿡
ճ˵ʲô
죬Ȼ˵ˡ
ǳĳˣǳɺܴ
Ȼβ鵽£ѲǺйϵϾ֮ġ
读ǵõ£ΪʲôҪڻǰܿࣿ
ѵ˵Ԥϵ׻Ҫ˲һֻʹֶΣ
⣬ֱŭɶ
Ǹˣȫ֪ˣ
ҧгݵ˵һ˳ˡ
˵ʲô
ճĪؿŷŭŮ㡪
233ǣ
˵ȥɱ
δ䣬ճ͵վһȭĸ
סڣ
ճŭҪȥǣΪԼļ߾޵ˣǲϣһӣ
ŶӺ˼ɫɷף֣㲻
ʵ˵£˵ԼΪһˣպ˵ܵܡ
ֻŽɱˣȥҵ֮ٻ߸ĸ
Ҳʲô¡
ճ˵㲻ɱ诣κ˶ɱҺ֮ǰ
˵ʲô
񲻿ŵ˵Ѿȥɱˣôָˣ㲻ѾҵŲķˣ
ûǰʱй˾ܲˣελǡúĸЩݹϵ
Ȼְ˸ӴŵݣܹĨǳϵϵ
Ҫǣελˣǰһλ˵ҲΣ̰Ǯ
ԼǼĴͬͬĸ׵ܵܣҲˡ
ʱֻҪó诵¼ٸ㹻ĺôλһ˾Ų
Ųûйϵ
ճﵭ˵ܵܲɱİɣȻͱ
ȷʵǡ
߬˫֡
ǰ룬诺ͳɱˣʵͷ֮ޣһһֱ͸вš
Ȼ̬ȣ˵޻أСˣ˵죬ԷҲ⡣
תŭ뿪ˡ
̫ײˡ
裿ô㹫˾
һŷĸס
ǸղŵĻˡ
ס뿪ҵĴ¥ֱ߽
곤ŮԵЩް㲻Ҫٹˡ
裡
񼱵ֵô¡
ԡ
ЦһҪ诵
ʲôʲô˼
㸸ײɱΪã诺ܿͻõҪĶ֮󡣡
񣺡
ݲ͸࣬ҲԸ诵ǡ
Цһ£ټ׶Ǳߣܵܵ¾תˡ

ǡ
һս֮ʬͷػصɴϣϴָɷ˸
ߺܿظˡ
óޣΪΪһơ
诣
ʵϣҲһġ
ʾþȥĳˣԷľ֮ϣҲǻ
诣ֻڡ֪Է
Щϰʹþ˵ҪԶþƻǹĳˣһǸ֪Էжλ
ɣЩ˲Ϊֻڶ֪ǻΪҪЩʲôֻٶ̫ûüһ
ǻἰʱ
֮ܶҪڴͥ߾ۼĳϣųԼľ
νķųָָ֪ģʽ״̬
֪ͨϢС
ͳ˵ڵˮƽͱЩˡ
诣
ɱ︴ƵĴߺͿƣֻǱȽϵͶ˵ľܣϸȫòˡ
һҪãҲֻҪڶ־ͨʱ
ҪôøЩͨˣǴδߣͨҪȽһЩԻ
ĶλҪӦֵĵˣȻ״
ΨһֵҵǣʵҲܡ
Ʃ˵־ŵĸ֪ģʽ㹻רעĻάֳＸӵʱ䡣
ɵ˵ˮƽǸռʱ༸Ӿͻͷʹˡ

诣м
Ҫнˡ
˵ڷ㣿
诣ð
ʱǲеã
Ҳûдӱ鱨һʱе޴ӶԱȡ
Ȼ˵Լ鱨ճ˵Ҳǵŵȵ
ȻԼǸǹӶʱ۵ͣռλ˾Բͬɡ
̣ʵûܾãֻҲ̫ϲǸطмֳһ㲨ۡ
⻰˵˺û˵һ
ؽ˶ԷϢ
̵ࡣ
һʱĴΪԭ򸾵Ų֪Ҳ׼
֮⣬һ¡
ԼѪԵϵϸĸ
ʮǰܶϵսƽϢռҷ׼ŮȥһȥŮ游ĸļڵ̽ס
ȻҪȥƱ˷ɴ˽˵Ĵ󽢾ͿĴѲΡ
˭֪·յźţճԣҲһռҼԸβܣŴӽźԴꡣ
ȻɿһҿʹǵսΧס
Щսһǣ޴Ŀʹԭء
ǵֱӼŷȥʼǿŵǴ
ռҷһģڼǿʹһȺ½ȥæˡ
ȻǾûٳ
ЩǵǳǵŵĳԱ
ǻԾ߾ʵǿķＯš
ܹĸţų򣬾˵߶ǧˡ
Щˮ֣ʮǰڣҲҲĸǼʺţǵʵҪǿʢˡ
ʱǰĸһȺȥ֧ԮҿʹʵһߣҲɽ
ȻǳɣЩǵǡһֵĸ߲㡣
͵ġߡܿգϵߣһȺˡ
ǰĸȺڣȫĶ֡
ܿղûɱǣǶǽһ
ǡûʵٹ£ԼôҪǲвơ
ȻŽȫɱ
ּΪоŭΪʲôô˵أΪҿʹϵ˿ͣ󲿷ֶš
ǵǽһ֮ҲûнȫɱռҷȺȫ
ʱǰһСӣȻͣԭȵĴϣܸŸĸȥʹϴܡ
ĸǰӡ
ԭȵĴϣʻԱŴˡ
ܿպܿ췢ҴˣʲôˣҲֱȥ׷
ʻԱŮ£ڷɴһγռԾǨ֮󣬳ǵû׷Ůգֽշ䵽һŻϡ
ȻֿŴˣûþΪԴľ޷ԾǨǵǽס
Ҵըʬ޴档
Ůڵ׹ڻǵڹּ񵽡

ȥˡ
请˷ЩϢ´ˡ
ȣʻԱУʱռҷϢ£ҴŮ䡣
Ҳȷʵôˡ
ȻŮڻǴôֱ꣬ıҪȡй˾Ų
Ҳ˵ռǱʵһֱ֪ڻǡ
֪߱ܽ
ŸߴңиڻǳֶŮŮñãͬ
ԭ课ֿܣ̲鵽ЩϢȷˡ
ڱ˸ĸ罫һЩǳĶĴй˾ʵǲǮ˵ϰߡ
ԤϵԼ顣
ЩŲΪûԵʣֱӱܵˡ
ˡ
й˾浽ʲô
诱ΪǸգ˭Ͻ̾ȻЩ鶼һ
ʯ
й˾гʯ
㹻μˡ
ҿ
ǸʲȻǴ⡪
ճҪܣԼҪֶŮӻȥ뽫Щʯ
ԡ
ʯȻʮְ󣬵ֻһ˼ռҵĲҲδؾ򲻵
װĲ١
һĪ仰ʲô˼
ҲǼĴй˾
٣
޵һĶ
ֿ˿ϣĿǰҵӪ״ϲ£ʽתҲûʲô⡣
ԴųǮ
ճＱŲ϶ĳŲãҿܻǼã
ʯһֿԡ
٣ĳޡĳ˵ž޵ƣ޵
Ȼܶ˶֤ӪƭȥǮʵûС
ճﲻҲų̲Ͱɣ
̫ȷš
ңճ֮ǰ⣬ɱˡ
뵽ֿԡ
һҪй˾ĶֶŮɱʡ˻Ų
ȻҪ˱ķʽܽȡƩ¸˹Աȵȡ
̸ϢʾճļߣǱ
ҷǳȤǣֳճԣһģһġ
ճʮճʱ䲢磬ֱʮų¶
ûãճǵ֣֮ճʼͻͽ̶ʱ䣬ļ߿ˡ
诣
Ҫ˵ûʲô⣬ǲŵġ
ճ϶Ϸܵܡ
ǳץסʣ϶Ūġ
̣ټǮĻҿϵˡֱþࡣ
鱨˵ҪҪһ£
诣Ҿһǳ׵ļ۸񡣡
㲻ǮڹҸ;㹻ɱˡ
诣ҲϣҲǮ
ճè壬ҲǸȡ˵治ֱððʧʧȥƴ
ˡ
诹ص˸Ĵڣӡ
޵ʬڷɴϢﶼŵѪζȿȥɡ
γǵ·ϣھźǳǵĳͣ˼ԴطɴԱߡ
Ѿ۲רҵʿĶξԼԡ
ƿɴձڣȼ䣬СûжЩߣֿʼעΧĴܵԪ
Σ请ĹߣЪһ
˿ԱߵǱ̣ܾö̫ԣֲ֪⡣

ֵССĳԡϸķѩУԶ¥һ㵥ס
ԴվǰĹ㳡ܱߣżŤŤ۵ķмΣʱѻ𱡱ѩ
㱼䣬˸ˡ
˴Ų۵ĹЩģֻܿ΢Ļ
һƬװعķ˿ȼյ档


51 
Դվǰͣ㳡, ЩԱǵƷǡҲǺɫδ롣
ԥһ£;רҵʿ
һ޹ؽҪ, ϾУǷɴһ׹٣Ǿ鷳ˡ
诣磬ܲ鷳ҿ, ҵܵԪе⡣
Ҳñܾ׼ˡ
Ͼֵ˼ҵϢʱ䡣
ܽ, ҲǮ
һ߰뷨
˼, Ǹ췢վ, ˹
̻Ҵָ䵽ѩϡ
˼Ϊߴ, ڲס׳˶, ·һȳһգʱһƬѩصӰ
㳡ܱߵ·ůƵĹߣ͸ϸѩ, 
诣
еĹ֡
һ˧
ԴվԱֵô𣿣
ܾе죬ϸ־Լ϶ûм
ͺŴˡ
ʮֵͳһ˻, ٶȻе, 񲻾˵һ
췢վڴ򿪵ķɴձǰ
¶ڲģ齨, ƺֻɨһ, ˽ۡ
读ﻹһѶ, Զʱ˷ŭУǸ˵ͨ͡
ܼϡ
췢˵˵, ʱתͱʴˡ
ðɡ
̾˿, лл, ֵܣҸɴӹһɣͲ̰ˡ
ԼҲڴˣ治ôٿֻΪʡǧǮ
תٻµģͲֹǧôˡ
诣ǸϢ
ɴķڵ·ջˡ
췢֣
诣
ʲôʱ£
ӹó˹ȥ
ԷͷҲصؽ۽
ִҳԷҪĶ˹ȥ
ÿƺ⣬ȷԼ׼ͷֻҪ˵ֲٷְܽס
һ˿ɹʶȥӡ
ȴһ̯֣صƷԤϵ
Ȼûлͷ
췢ץס۽ٴθͷʼ޸ߡ

诺Ȼˡ
ǰ쿪ȥɽ񣬽֮ǰڰͣλһȺ˹˴ϡ
ƺҪҴȥԼʱôţ
ǹصϢ嵯ıڣȻǿ̧ɴǽǰˡ
ʶЩ©
´λӦڿʱ¿¼ǹصˡ
诣ԣҵĴо𣿡
ֹʮӡ
췢ֱƽؿһۣˡ
诣
ˣ
Ŷ˰
췢ﻹź۽ȴûֱӻֻǳķ̧֡
ҪԼȥã
诿˼Ҳ˹ȥ
еΥ͵ĵطһȫ߶Ⱦ䣬ʱʮء
췢˿վԭأֵ̧ơ
һΪظӵеһĽܣоСɾµߡ
ȥӡ
˵ָഥ
·
ֻΪ׽һԷ
һ̣Ȼ֣ԷϵĹЩͬƺԴվԱ

Լ˴
˵ƺ˲̫һ
诣ллԣǸ費ҪҪϴǮҿԸһЩطֻҪǶƷ߻ˡ
췢˵ͷ
˷ɫܰףòʮŨҵĿ߸ߵü²һ˫ɫЩ΢΢ŨܽҲǽɫģĤǰĽǻƻʱϨĻ档
΢΢죬Խˡ
췢˵ĹװմȾۡ
ЩۼоɣȥͺܾûԼ
Ȼ¶Ƥȴʮָɾû˿ζ
ָй˵Ӵһòϴˣһġ
ǣԷѾһ³´л
Ʃ˵Ԫߡ
诣㲻ͷͽġ

췢ڳڡ
һ룬Էסƣסһ߬סεذԭء
ֻһ¶ݵĽ棬课֪˵ʲһȼ
ΪԷٶȿ쵽Ӧʱ䶼ûС
ĻƴҲ塣
˵ԷոɱԴܶѾɳȥˡ
诣Ҫʲô
췢߬ס֣ʶ

һ¡
ֿ˿ǰĺ췢ˡ
ķɫǾƺ죬˵ķɫǽ죬Ȼǰ߶Ⱦġ
ôһ˵еüۻҲϡ˴˵ӰӣҲֻơ
һƬЫӴ࣬ЩӰ˶յļ䡣
诣㣿
诣ĸ磿
ˡ
췢˳˵
ʲô
诲ŵؿŷӦ
˵粻һҲϵ˴ˡ
ǰ췢ˣǴطǾֻѰġ
𾪵ظһ飬ˣ
췢˵ͷ
ײ϶ԷĿ⣬жʱһ
诣Һ¾ûκιϵȷʵǸûж֣Կҵļ䣡Ļ
δ䣬ǰһڡ
诱ȳ˻
ƺ»صʱ̡
ʱոսսоغµʬѪ
ζĽ̴죬ڻõƬӳʱס˲żһһ漱˸
նĳ췢Ӣϡ
˫ɫϵĶЫħ졣
ദʱ䲻࣬ǰǰһСʱڻǶݡ

͵ѹ
ǰĺ췢˷ſ֡
漴
ǰλβ˵϶Ǹܵĸ־Ͷˡ
ոһ˲ĽӴ֪ԷԶԼ֮ϡ
Ȩ֮£ʱս뷨
óĻ
һרܵˣԪǰ϶ͶԷ롣
Ҫôͳûо룬֫崥״̬ԱʱĿꡣ
ȫ͸ֻ֣ǵĻ޿Σһ
课õڶֿ
ңԼԼЩԾ
ԴӿЩ֮󣬺췢˾һֱĬţ˼ӣųؿڡ
Ƿֱ֮ȥ˿ոۡ
诣㲻Ƕ𡣡
췢˲δ˵ֹһſڵ˿ոۡ

ܾ·ǳ죬ǡǼԪߣȫǸ
Ѱߣģǹ޸ͷҲʹʻˡ
ȻԪߣǵǿԪغѪ֮תġ
Ѿķ롣
ոռѣ׾ͻ
췢˵˵Ǹʵ죬ˡ
诣
νӻ
ȻͬΪˣ˵ս²Ͼ׵ܱûмء
诣֪ܿ˴˲˳ۣʵܵ͵Ļֻı׼е߰ɡ
Ǹֵϰ߻ôţ
ˣѹˣΪֻΣҲô졣
ֻǾ𾪣žͻԼǲǾʲôıС
ϾǰһɱҲһ֮䡣
诣ɱ֣ʲô𣿡
ڿոۣ
ǾںԼԻ֮
ԥ
ԥʱӦѾ˲ʡ˰ɣ
˹ͨˣ
ĳˣͽˣ
˵ʵǸͨ˰̫ͣɱɣʱɱ֡
ֻǿǵϢڿո۾ͺˡ
սĻӦûῴո۽ƻٿš
诣ܵܽûʲôңծ
ծʶ뵽
췢û˵
诣
֪
Ҳȷֳںδֻ֪ĳռվ޷ɴǷ˵Ҳֻ֪Ǹ˻Ĵ
ϸھͲˡ
诣˽⣬ֻÿյȦϢ𣿣
췢ˣÿա
诣
췢һĮͿΣһ˵ҵǩͬˣڶ˵ûˡ
诣
Ѿ˵ˡ
ڶȻǱԥʯ
췢ЩĪɨһۣǶ˵Ҳ֪¡
请
ѾˣһҲԲʲôˡ
诣֮Ժܶ࣬յϢǿҪһ¡
֮Ҳԡ
Щ׶󣬶ǸִССķＯš
ʶ˶ˣ϶Ҳǻ
ԣԼǰ̸һˡ⻹ֻǿܣϾǰûмˡ֮ҲԼйϵ
诲ȷǰǷ˼
췢˰վԭأ֪˼ʲô
ע⵽ϲδлѩЩѩһ֮ڣˡ
˼һ˲
ǰԼҪҪĴԱ
ԼӦˣ϶һͬȥ
ոۣԼҲڵĻͲ
췢΢΢ͷһۡ

̾˿
϶ǲܳΪĴԱ붼롣
ºԼҹǺ˾⣬Ҳ뵱ӵԼĴʱȥȥġ
ڱ˴ϵûѡĿĵء
˭㼫ġ
췢˺Ȼڡ
诣
ЩԻؿһۣô
Щֻκĳȷʵû뼫صĶ
ô֪ģ
˵ֻҪ߶ˣˣǽһ
ҵĶѡ
תͷȴˣΪʲô
ܲǻɱɣ
㲻Ϊ
诼ڶܡ
Ȼϣɱ˲ࡣ
췢˵ϣ˫ɫӽΪʲôܡ
诣Ϊ

òʲôڳ֤ݡ
诣޳Թ

Ӷɱ˿ɲҪʲôԹʹھ͹ˡ
诣֮ǲ
췢˵ӰѾʧˡ
ϵĽӡܿ챻ѩǡ
诵ǰƬյأ
Ͽɷ˸иͷָ˧ļһȥ㣬һҪϿ˵ûɱܵܣǶ೶Щϻ
ʵ˭˭Ͳ˵
ԡ
ղǼһȻûؼ䣬ӦҲûôҵ˰ɣ
û̻ظ

ˣԼżҲûá
ɲӦ£ոյĺëȥҲϲɱ˵ļһ
š
Ȼԥ١
ۺȥ𣿣
һ˵һصؿ˼ƺ˲ˣȿȡû°ɣ
诣Ŷۺ簡
ԥ
ԥƺ²Щʲôվû˵ڣȥˣǡ
ʵۺʵΣֻ֪Զǿڹ欵Ĵڣ诽ôѸ٣϶ҲǶ֡
诣ͷӺܸߣú˧

ԥһǰ㻹˵ǸȳӣǷɱصˣɱң֪
Ȼʬû׻ٵЩ߶ָġ
诣ֻں˶ݣ㼤ʲôҲǷģҷƢ𡣡
ʱĿƼˮƽⶼܱ߸ֿ϶ҲȱǮ
ۺȻûȥȣӦҲԭġ
ɵġ
诶ȫνġ
ȵȡ
ʼ˼һ£ղ˵ʲôأ
ԥ
ŷԼһʱ˵©ˡ
诣Ŷչܻ𣿹ӶЭĳܽģûȤ
ԥ㣬ˣ㲻֪˭԰ɣ
ĸ磿
֮߳⻹б
ŶԣǸͨš
ԥɱ˺ܶǵȻ˵Щ๼ַǳ̡
诣Ŷ֪Ϊĸ𣬻𣿡
ԥȻˡ
诣ţллѣû£ҲʲôҪµģΪң˳ġ
ԥĬˡ
ʶԷѾ֪¡
ʲôˣҪɱ
͵ʯ233ǣȻ
ϺҴϣҲĳ깵Ŀռվ
ǰڳɵƻԼۺڻɵĳֽǶ˵Լġ
û
ԥ̾ϢҾǾԼΣӺһЩˣ㱻ˣҲҵĴҲ⣬֪ûٱۡ
诣Ŷ⻹˻Ȼ֪ǹңֻǲĸС
С
ԥйˡ
У˰ɣȷʵ㣬ҲˣҹԭҲйءҵľˣҾֻھˣҲϣ·
Ŷ
诵˵ðɣش⣬û£ûˣллġ
ԥǾС
诣ȵȣи⣬ʬ廹ʲô֤ݣ
ţƬ
ԥԱߵ˵˾仰ѯܲܰǸƬ诣žͱʾԸ
诽ļ㿪ͼϸۿ
ڿոۺվ¥ϣƺɫ̷˵Ѫ
ſiӲ԰ޱȣ鶨һ̣ƺЩʹζ
ǽϱѪд˹ͨʡ
ԥǼĵģ֮ǰĻȴ滻ˡ
诣Իûʬ壿
ԥûУƺΪ֤ˡ
诣˹ͨҪɱˣɱͨԼǽ𣿡
ǺԵļ޻ֶΡ
·
ԥ¶ȸȷʵ£ʱֻǸѧ
˹ͨλҲǰСġ
˵ǿĻԪߡ
诶ȻҲţʲô
ԥͬѧ˷°ߣһؼҺʧˣɱǸɵˣҲɱҡ
ǽߵѪдԼϡ
˲ɱΪͨҲǷЩǷɺͷＯ֮䡣
˹ͨΪ壬ܸɳ£Щ𾪡
ǵʹرܿҲѹȥ
诣Щ˹ĥƷѣĳ˰ɣ˵¶ҲûǣĳȥɱˣҲ𣿡
û
ԥ̾˿ۺҲôģԲҪ
˼ӣƺûʲôҪ˵ˣҲֱӹҵˡ
صԵʰ˷ɴù䣬ְ̧ƿĲձڣסЩ¶ģ顣
ѩԽԽˡ
ԴվĽѩǡ
Զĳڷѩģģ̵Ĳɫ޺ƺůƵ·ƽӳ
ʺɡ
ԼؾǷɴǷɻĲѩʯҲӰʲô
׼ʣµĴԴ俸ػա
Ȼ䣬һ¡
ٴδƬҽƬŴٷŴ
ڵϣ־Ͱ࣬ûдףֱϵĺɫࡣ
ֻ˸ԲȦǸͼسϵһߡ
һڰŵľƱ״еƵǶһſűʯ
ƱһV
ĸV
壿
Щȷš
ָԥϢѯôȷˡ
ֻƾһƬ
Ƭȥʬ廹˵Сʱթʬ
ȻԥҲش˵Ҳͬʡ
ֻ˵ߵһ֣һƬͱɫƺʮȷˡ
诣ͲΪʲô
ԥʾˣǸ˲͡
ҡҡͷ׼۲һǸͼ۽ǺȻƳһƬӰƽ
ţ
Щȡ
ڷѩУ˫ֳڷ׵Ŀڴ˫ڻ谵ѩ·Ĺ⡣

ɿȥƺ̫ˡ
°ֻסȻӢüë΢΢ƺŭ⡣
Ǹ˿ļ䡣
˵
诣ۿȥˣôҵģĳֶ֪
ɳĬ˼ӣþ
诣
ǶĸǷΧ
ȵȡ
ƺҲֱѰĿ꣬ͬķʽԲŸԼҵΪĹˡ
诣ôҵ㡪Ŷ
Ǹſĸ֪ģʽ£ͬľСǲͬġ
ּĸ֣ȻʮʢҲδмƵġ
ۺӵĳֿƶķȫ԰һ顣
诣ôȷҵĶѣ
ɿһۣҪҵļ䡣
诣
ˡ
ˡ
ոտǴһܡ
诰ѶԷȫ´һ飬˿˵ĺۼ
诣һ£ҪҸոո㷢
ɣѾʱˣˡ
诣
ɣ˵
诣
Լôۺţָ˧
ɣ˵Ҷࡣ
һ԰ҾѾ뵽Ѻõ˵ˡ
΢΢üȷΪԼ̫˵滰ܲˣ
诣Ϊһμʬ޴ˣδԼˮƽҲ̫ûЩ
һԲ̧֡
诣ү˵ˡ
ױĴա
Ȼšһѡ
诣
һһֱ˸ָȻŭȥ㲻ҪΪŻӹһ٣
ףʮצĴ롣
诣ҽҪǹУ

Դվſڣ̵Աԭء
Բۣ
ǵ̵˵ϡ
读عͷ
һ𾪵ؿǣĴϣֿ˿ԾԾ׼ļơ

ԱѸٻصԴվ


52 

诿ԱĶӵıӰ, ȻʶԼ̨ʶ״̬ܻ˲һᡣ
ڵ㡣
ȻˣҲνˡ
ɫĴצ˹ȥ˼ƿ
ٶʵ, Խͨ˵Ĺͷ
΢΢ͷ࣬ǡһ˲

һ˲䣬ǡʹǿ, ˽뿴ǰչ¶Ӣ, Լƻõ۾
ɫԴĺĤͬѱ·, Լ˳̵ġȧϷͶӰĽë
һжߣ˺֡
档
ĶԳһ˲
ɾ͵غ, ͬʱֵסһӲϮĴ, ϵĻҲûƵ
Ǹ߰, šסȻԽԽ
ͨѾԹˡ
΢΢üȷ
ӵգգ
߬סǸ, Ҫһ룬Ǽӱ˹
˭Ҫ, ֲпӣ
ЩĴӸֵķϮ, һһŵ۾, ӽѰҸԶܵĽǶȡ
ɣ
ЩЦط˵ֿ, ɶԷƵϵߡ
Ү
诸˵, ˦ѵ
ִ̧һ۾
໣
СĻʱ˲ҽС
š
ʵҲûôۡ
Ϊûд۾һ¡
诽Ǹ˦, պϵ, ôֱ
ɣ
һָӵ, ҪҪվӣЩˣ֮˭Ƚϴֱ
诣
عͷȥ
ԴվſںͲڳ棬վʮԱ
ǵһ˫˫ֵ۾ŷ׷ɵƮѩͰ㳡ŵصǡ
Ȼɿѹ˴룬ڵϵĬĬ˻ȥ
˵ʵЩ֫壬ŻĪеɰ
ǹ졣
ôţϾǸϿЩʱȫûһǰƵ뷨
˵ʲô뷨ûС
ϴɡ
֣Լߣ
ȥ磬ҲԴĴܣȻܲܰѷɴ
ֺڷ껹վԭأͶԼƺʲô
诣
Ѿף˴룬ʲôûС
ȻɺûԼʹϴκͷ˴ܵʱˣûпģ
Եһμ᲻Щȣеʣ
˿ֶ̫
ȵȡ

˳˼
ҲΪҰȥƿأҴ˵ĺܲô
Ǵֱת
ǣⶫȷʵܺã
ǿսҲǿһ
ٶȺܿ죬ƻȻеʹȴôӰжȱϾҪˡ
Ҳֻѡ
ԣǲΪɲϲͲģ
νš
ϲϲʲô¡
诣ι
˼תߣ˫̵Ӷ
诣ˢ¼Ѿˣϣ㲻Ҫôʶô
΢΢üַʲô
诰һۣҲıͺͳԼκʽĶ²ۡ
ɣ
ƺЩԵسĬ˼ӣΪʲôҪô
Ϊ㿴ȥ׼ô
诵
ɵػԼӦñ²𣿡
û
һָҾ˶ԼĶѣκʽҲ㲻ˡ
ɲÿɷ񣬡֮Ȼ֮䣬𡣡
说ŭ˵˲²ҵ
Ŷ
ڷ۵̯֣Ұ
诣
诣ǲϵġ
ǱԴվԱǻΧأţԼѲɷѱĳ棬Ҳܾ۵ס
¾Բᷢ
ˡ
׬Ǯ㹻ǿһԶ߸߷ɣ쵰δĴ󳼺׷ȥɡ
ž͸ŲϷɴ
ȻͷһɾȻˡ
诽Ųһ٣Ͳ̤ţȻ˵ش˹ȥ
ȣ˴мϢҡ

ɵ߻ɳϻ˯˹ĿҲδͣ
ںмֵʮڵ壬˵ͽֱߵ·˼׺
诣Ҫ𡣡
ɻһۣεĳ
诣ðɡ
һ߷ٳʻһС죬ҲҵĴ㿪ײô졣
ɿŶѵıӰߵС²һȴҲû˵ʲô
ڷǵ;诽Ѳģʽ˿ȫϢͼȷ·ûתͶ
Ϊֻһλ߾ͱֱۿڼʻȥԼվҲûʲô
诣ԣۺսΣ֪𣿡
룬ࡣ
ּĸֹ֣ͨһ˵ʹֻһҲжֹܡ
Ʃ׵Ԫȿֱӹ֣ҲԱ̱ȫϵͳ
诣ʲô
ɣܹڵ޷
诣֪ҾͲ֪ܵĽء

ɺ˵Ƕѣʲô
ǣ
ۺͣ
ɲڵĻǿ诽Ӵʵǿˡ
Ǽߡ
ڶѣϿ¹һͣǵĶУѾ̫Ϊο׼ˡ
诲бʼǡ
ǵȰֶ˺ܶ࣬඼ζĴš
诣ĸ
ɣôֻ֪˵ǵʵ
诲ʧ
бδˡ
诣ûɱ
ɿһۣܸˣ
⵹Ҳ֮С
ţ쵰ʱͦ͵ģǺбҪҲ̫Ŀ¡
ɱԷ˵Ҫܴ󶯾ֵܵĻͲˡ
οҲȱǮ
ɳ˼˼ӣеڣӦɱ
诣
ʲô
Īؿ
ǡҲ΢΢ͷ赭дɨһۣȴĳЩ
ΪұΪҵļ䣿
գգ۾ʵ
ɵԽԽΣա
诣ˣԺԼһسӣû¾ͺ¡
ҡҡͷеİȥ˼ֳǻ

죬ô˵
ɺ׼Źûܸˣ
ޱؿҿܸ𣿡
һΪмɫļһ㶼ϣ
诣Ҳ˧
ɣ
һ˲䣬ȥǳˡ
诣ǿЦİɱɱ˰϶ʲôˣҲЩ£ɱ֮ġ
˵꣬뵽һ¡
诣ô֪ۺ翴ҵļ䣿
ɣΪҿļ䡣
诣
㡣
ɣһģģԼһϢҶ
诣ţĳˣ
΢΢ҡͷֹ
ţ
һܾ⼸Щ
һˣмºܺ档
诰ͼƬ˳ֵųǸͼ
ҵʱûףҲûࡪ
룬ţҾûǴ
֮ŻؿոۣǰʱҲܾãܲ;ȥ˸ɡ
诣Vĸأ
ɶͼƬ˼ӣҲƵĶϣһЩˡ
诣
诣ȥʬͣ㿴ġѵ˵ͼֻŻ֣
ԥߵ˹ͨˣ֪£ԲڿƬʱ򣬾ȷˣ
֮ʲôϵ
诣һģһͼ

ֵ˵ͼǽƣ涼֣ɫһ
诣ôֲ֪ĸ
ɣҼIIIVIIĸߣ
ǿֵļʱȽϸߡ
ֶǸӼӣӣҼĲ̫һ
诣˵ǽǵȻһȵȣ˵ı𣿡
΢΢ףԱȻһ£ǸӸߣûˮ£滹һֻ񡣡
说һ룬Ǿȫһɡ
Ҳ֣ʽࡣ
诣
ô˷
ϵĻӦ
ָ˵һͷйϵ˵˻߹ϵܺõѣš
ͬһ֯֯˶֣ţͱӵĴࣿ
߻бͼ
ܾԼʲôһʱ˵Ҹһ֪
ָԥ˸ϢʾҪǸƬ˶Ի
˲ӡ
һİն˵ͨѶ˹
说Ӽʻ
ɣ
ƺ˵ʲôʲôû˵ֻ߹ȥ¡
Ϊһλʻֵ߲ܶ࣬һλǰλá
ؿԹԿȥˣתһ߽
á
ﴫöŮС㡣
诣á
Էҽܽй欣Ǹͽˡ
֪Ӧڸ˹ͨɻͽǰӪ֮ӦǸˡ
ɴ࿪żɽ
诣˽֯𣿡
欲ʣҹǺ˾
诣
ҲǸ⡣
ͷͬһ֯
ȥǸǺ˾޹ϵôɲΪ֯ĳԱ϶ԼĹ
Щ˴˼޹ϵ˵֯ҪǵʱǶԼ״̬
룬ķɴϣȷʵûκμҹǺ˾ı־
诣˹λ֮⣬ûвμӱ֯ڳԱֱġҴ֮ʾģ
Цһ㲻ǵһμˡ
û˵
欣㻹˭ϼأ
ֻ¶еˡ
ǻشǲ͵ͬڳԼɱٺйأ
¡廹׵ߣ课Ͳ̫ϣ֪Լɱʡýϵһ
诣ΪʲôƶҲǵһμҲڱʬϼ˭𣿡
һߣڱ˽ؽĻط
ԥ˵ĶԻЩսľ
һﵹʡ
վڻſڣҲ
ǹӶС㣬ǿκ£ֻҪǮ㹻ࡣ
˵Ϣ
诣
ʵԼӶҲһЩߣǮʲô¶
ȥǸ˵ϾԷصܰΣҪʲôʵҪġ
诣鷳ҪֱȥۺɣͨͬķȷҲ֪֯
οˡ
欣ˡ޷ֱǲڿЦҪôȰϸ˼һ¡
ֻһ˵

Ϊۺ׷ӡǡ
ֻǣ֮ǰ˵ԼӡȥĿ꣬źǿľԼڸӦԷλõʱ򣬾ͻᱻ֪
зλ
ǰۺӦǹԼֻΪԼӴ
ʲôȻһЩ˵İ취
诺ɣԼԶλ˵Ӻҹˡ
诣ʵҼһˣǼҹǺ˾ԱǸϵıӣҲ̫һ
ǱߺȻ
˼ӣЩʣ㿴ҲǱӣ
诿һԱߵĶѣǸƣνҡҡͷ
诣ԣһش⣬ˡ
ǣðɡ
Ҳ̹Ȼϣȷʵȷʵһ֯ĳԱЩҲвͬĴͼҾ֪ȷʵŻʾ
ͣһ£ֱͼܹ֣ÿһֶв̬ͬ
诣ƩЩǱӲЩǱˮ
š
Ӧһȷʵɱһʥ
诿ɡ
Ȼں
诣ûҾǿʬ壬Ҳ֪˭ɱġ
欣Ŷ㿴ʬ壬Ǽ
Ťͷȥ
ɸ˸ơ
诣Ϊʲôв̬ͬ
欣ȡʱ״̬ȫͼľҲŹƽ
诿ɣͬʱؿ˵ȻĴָ˴Լؿڡ
εصͷȻҲ˸Ĵָ
欶Щһֻ֪ǼĲͼζţ̴棬ս
诣ʲô˼类͵Ϯɱ
ǡ
欻شҲֻʵ̫ɱˡ
ȷʵҲĲսûʼսˡ
欣ԣǼ
诣
Щ죬ʥɱģ
诣˵ֻǿʬ塣
ͣһ£Ǹʲô֯
ȻҪ鱨׵֮⣬㻹ʲô
诣
ɲС
Ը֪ʲô֯ҲԼ˵ȥ
Ҳûǹ欱˹ͨ壬ϰļ𣿡
欲ÿɷ񣺡»ûʸΪҵϰ¡
ĬĬ˸ۡ
欣ȻҲ˵ûʸļֻǺΪҵϰ
ΪʯŵĴ֣ͳΪ¶ȡ˹ͨ£ȷʵǽȻͬġ
Цһģѡ˵ûʲô𣬶һ
ʵҲȫǡ
ϾİǸ֣˵ʵʢղᣬƸ϶Ҳ൱ıꡣ
ȷʵκ˴򹤣ֻĴˡ
ô
һȻûŭҲǺܺã㲻֪Լܾʲô
ͨˡ
读ص˼ʻϣͷ˿ȷû⣬תͷ˺Ķѡ
¡һΪٵĶмֵһǮļֵʲô
ȥе֡
˵𰸵ķΧ̫ˡ
ؿϴܲգһ£ȥ
诣
мֿܡ
˵˵˵ŲĶû˵
诣Ŷ
⵹ҲǸ
ûôηռҵˣһһδʤճǼһﻹڴΧԼȻŹ
ܶǿɲǰǣǱߵľҲڽͷܸɼܣ뵱ͨ
ֻȡŲ⣬ȥһҲδɡ
ճԼ鷳ҲǲӦԡ
ôĶѿ˵ˡ
̷Ķתҿ
诲Ϊ⣬Լصʵˣˡ
յļͷ˰ӣȻʧԭء
诣
иֳһֵ뷨ȴ־ò̫ܣӦһʲô¡
ʮӺ
ٴγڼʻͣͣȥһˡ
Īؿȥģ
й˾Ĳֿ⣬Ȼأ
ҲĪؿ˵Ҫû
诣
ӶҪˣʲôҪڡȵȣողȥһ˰ɡ
š
ƺȫʲô⣬Զе㻨ʱ䣬Ѿҵطˡ
Ѿ˵ˡ
˲䴫͵ľ뵥λѾͻưǧļ𣿣
Ȼ˷ֱӽɴٶߡ
ţܿͽˣ
үĻϿȥã


ܶǡ
й˾ķֲҵ
ǽĹһܼܺȥ
¥㣬߽Ⱥңɳϵ΢Цãճܲȥ
ճæ
Ȼλܲû뿪ĺô
ճôţ¶΢Ц
ʮˡ
ܽճԴŲõ֣ǿħ˵Ĵԡ
ֻҪõħͿΪӱҲԳ׽ͷ󻼡诵Ҳ֮


53 
·, ճ߽װݻİ칫ңڳˡ
ʾı˽Це̧ͷ, о˸

ճ΢΢Ƿɵ¸¡
ɵ¡εķֲܲãҲż壬߾λ
ȻֻǷ֧ӵ, ʲô˲, ҲƲϸ, ճڶԷ
ԡ㻹ҵı򣿡
üʵ, ƺŬ֮Ĺϵ
ճ΢΢, ȷʵ, ҵǵĳҡ
Ŷҵıͽǵļ塣
ɵ룬ûоλ, ԰ɣ
ճϵЦݣ˵ͷ
ֻҪоλĹ壬ƵĻ島ϵϵ
Զ׻ס
Ȼǳ, ֻǹ׵, ļʤ
ӽ, һԭҲΪݵұ, żȻЩǣ, ˵гһվϵ
ϾʱȲǼ̳, Ҳδ
Щҿ
ΪԼļԱ, Ƿ, ᷢ
֪ˡ
ɵȤȱȱ˵Ůϲ͵ķɴ㣬ʾл
ճ֮⡣
ҴֻܳƵϼֻһɵ¼Ļᡣ
õճԵŲ»ҪЩʲô
ҼֵǵķɴճʹѣȻԼܵõĶֲֵһˡ
֮˵ϻ
ɵֵ˵棬ڿͶһڣչ涨˿ͼĴǹ˾Ķֻɹ˿ָȡߣЩ١
ճȻҲ֪¡
Ҳα诵¼Ȼ˵˫ֻ֪Ϊ˴浵߸̡
ȻֶŮˣ͹˿ֵܣҲǲͨһ¡
ɵЦЦҲЩأ˷ѵôмֵĲ
ճ˵ͷ
ܲÿνβٺôͬ⣬ܾټ
£ð
ôǸ̫ѾжλؼˣܲȻǸܹܰԸ
ҿŲ嵥ˡ
ɵɵ˵ȻʵǲģҲ֪˿;Ĵʲô˵ҪЩʯ
Ȼ
ճͲµЩʯΪĴƷİװƬӳߴҲܴһЩƶϡ
⣬ֳΪֶŮĶпصƷ
ʯֱǸ׼𰸡
ֻһ˸Ū
ײ˼񵽣Ҳֻһ飬ûʲôõƬ
Ȼȴ֪ճԲ֪ʲôõһʯ˵Ҳ
ͨ˶ԣЩʯͷζŵõܣõ֮󣬻ȥջһʾ޿
ļϵ˵ǵĻᡣ
ҪĲʯ
ԡ
ճҧ˵ôֻҪʯ͹˶԰ɡ
ʧ
ʯѾûãǮĳЩչʯĴϹϵ
ڸҪһ
Ҳ¡
ɵ¿һۣҪǸħ˴ԣ԰ɡ
ճһ
ģҿɲǶ
ɵƲƲ졣
ħ˵٣
֪Ƕʲôá
Ȼ˵ܵõħ˵ֱӱħ˵ļһɲ
Щֱսˡ
˵ЩϻյҲ޹ϵ
Ǿ˵ˡ
ɵվҲܴȥŲĴֿ⣬š
ճȻ
ûŮҪʯ
ȻᣬȻļߵĿˣƿغͿޡ
˵ҪԼĿǰ϶ﲻܹˮƽʹʯҲ塣
ԣ罫Щʯȥħ˵ĴԣԼħʱʯֵ

ͬʱ
й˾ĵ²㣬һذȫŷıֿܲڡ
Ӱƾճڷ
ңԶ˲ƶ˵Ǵ͸Ϊ׼ȷʵҲֻ˴żӵʱ䡣
٣诸оֻ˼ӣǰĺڰɢ
ֿѩ׵ĺϽǽں컨塣
֮΢Ĳʡ
Ͷ¸кܿؿɢһǰ˲СоͲϸŻѾȫһˡ
读Ǿ÷ǳ𾪡
ÿΪԼѾ˽ѵʱһܻһЩɧˢ±˵֪
Ʃ˵ڡ
һȥҲˣ˵Ŀռ߶ֻǷٶȺʹЩơ
ͬһϵĲͬ䷴Ҳܽܣ˵Ҳٲ˿Դﵽ̶ֳȡ
˲䴫ܣͲóȥĥ
Ȼ쵰Ҳ̫ͻƼˡ
读ͷ˿ĴѲӣȫûκν˼ֻʲô΢С¡
һ˵һһֱ£Ϊʲôڰֵط
ˡ
˶Լܡ
תͷǰʮԲε
Щ͸ڣĳˮǳɫҺ壬һЩѪģ̥״档
էһе֯ʵҡ
诹۲˼ͬĶƺҲ̥Ǹֲͬ
ҿ״Ҳ̫١
ЩеģѪһţǱһƤࡣ
ü˰죬ҲЩʲô
Ʃһ鲼źɫѪܵȥ࣬ڰĤͷҵĽṹ
ԱߵһԲİ壬ҶԳƣ氼͹ƽ˸һҺɫƤʡ
Ǹ
诲̫ȷš
ʮֻϸĵܲ棬ܵһûĵײƺĳʡ
ȻҲǷ
֮ת˼Ȧ˸ָĶЩǿ״Щȫ֪ʲô
Ȼֻصǿӵǰ档
Ǹ·ĻϣһӵıţŲĴ˵֡
诽Ǹ˳ճԡ
ĸ
ӾŲ
Χת˼Ȧ֪ǲǸĹϵûие˿
ù˼ƬȫͼѵϢҲЩ޵Ĵԣʳҩòϡ
߸ɴǿֲƬͼ
Ҳûκν˵ĻֻбźŲĴ˵֣ٵһ£ҪڲԱ֤ˡ
㻹Ҫ˯һ𡣡
ͳ
Ǹʱ䡣
˵
ŵȭͷڣһУҺϡﻩк

诶ӭ潦Һ壬棬ֽЩק
ÿקһӣڵĲλһɷڵѪҺ
ظЩЩ΢ĺɫҺ彦·ϡ
һС诳еܣק˳

ЩؿĶ
ǿŴԱ滹ӪҺڻҺɫƤһһģЩճ֡
ţЩ͹ƽĹһһϸСĺɫ룬ȥѪܰϷ֦辡
̶̼ʱЩͰŴԣǲɵܰ㣬ؽӸסˡ
诣𣿡
ɲÿɷ߹ƺҲûΪĻе𾪣ְֻסļ׼˲ơ
ȵȣǲǻʯţ
ͷ
ɵͷһۣ
ֿﻹصŴ̶ľ˵ӰѾʧˡ
л̸㹻ϸȻй˾Ҳ˸׳죬ЩŲļĴλöһ
ڶ̶̼ʱ诼õĶˡ
ƻһЩй˾ʩ֮⣬ö£Ѿûκθˡ
ϾҪôԼߣҪôճŪ֣ǵһɱԼǱضǲԸġ
οܻܿĸĸ
̫ˬˡ
صɴϢ诽ĶϡﻩӵϣǿѾúͮͮӷŵ档
ǿ
عͷﲢлһ¶ѡ
ȻɵӰٴʧˡ
诣
ˣһҲϡ
˵ֻͶһ֪𡱵ĳ
诿ʼĸŲ

ʱ䵹ʮӡ
һɴڲɾ͸еһֵǣ
ƺ޿ɿܵĹ֫䣬δ֪С
ʵϣ޷ѡ
ܸоʼٸʵ˿Խǧĺǿúľ
ʹһΣԺ»һһεɧš
翴ԷҪʲô
ֱӷסֱһֵĿռ
ҰһжŤ顢תɫҵͲƬƴϳһģӰ
վһɵľ޴󷿼
Χİڼɢңԭ״ϷĵƹŤһתС
価ͷһˡ
Ǹ˵ӰҲȫģģ뵽ĻɫС
ĽǶȣֻܿ˵ķɫǳĶ޷һųٵĻӰ
Ŷ
Ǹ˿˵ˣҲ֪ʲôʱˡ
û̻ش
ܸоԷԼıҲֻǶԷĳ־硣
ҪɱԷֻҪ־ͺˡ
õǾͻ档
ǵһ
Ǹ˵̬Ҽ棬ȴҿ㳤ˣҲԣŹƽ
˵˵Цһ
ͨ£˿ӣȴҪ͡
Ȼʱ˿̣ǸˮӶԷȴ֮⣬һжһģġ
ɵȻҲǹġ
֪Էݡ
е֡
Щǿ˵ҪıòĲѡ
Ҵ󲿷˶߹Ұͻͨ¶ʲô
ȻԷ뱩¶࣬Ҳô
ĳֽǶ˵ʹ⣬ҲöԷռˡ
ⷽҲеǿ֢ᡣ
ȷʵе˾ȡ
ǸЩ˵ּʵôôã
ϻࡣ
ɿҪʧȥˡ
ĵ㣬ˡ
̾˿ԹԵɻ
ֵǣΪʲôȻֱ¶Լһδ͵ˣԽƾ˲ơ
ɣ˵ʲô
ʱ䲻ˡ
ƺһ£ڿһ
ʱ䲻ࡣ
Ӧֻ˼ζŶԷʲô¡
ȻӦûܾһҪչһ䡣
˲˵ħƿҿԳΪָߣҲΪѰҸħˡ
˵ͣһ¡
ҲҲҪʱκ£ϲȨƣҿԸӣ뵱ĸĹû⡣
ĵ˵ģֻҪ㹻ûʲôǵòģҲ
Һ
ɵ˵Ҫˡ
ĶӦûڵЩŲǱħ˴ɵͼо
Ǽһ֮˵ЩʲôҪлȻܸǣո죬Լ뿪ˣҲûġ
Ҳ˵ô
ðɡ
е
ΪǼһҲʲôˣȻøлʱ򲻻˵лл󲿷ʱһ쵰
ν˵лʱ
Ʃڡ
ɣҪˡ
ĸǲǳò
а취صԭȵ㣬ȻԷҲа취ٽǿܾͻһս
ȻòҲûʲôµġ
ֻЩʱûŪףðȻ¶ȫʵ
ڵ˶ôˡ
˸̾ҪһħҪħˣҽʥ򡪡棬Щ˵ģ֪İɡ
ħ˶ʥǵطҵѣοȥȥ޻صġ
£ɵķЩӻҵٴθıˡ
ƺһȺ˻ʲôӿӳµǶ˵
ֻ϶ʡ
ʱҪˣѯΪʲô
ٿȻ顣
ٴλص˶ѵķɴ
ϢмѻŷֺƷǿŴԶѾˡ
ΨһĴԱˮ˯չϻֻϸ̵֦Ҷ仹ʢС
ûѡ˹ֻǷſ֪һ¶ѵλá

ʱ䵹˻ʮǰ
˴й˾Ų˽صʯ֮⣬һЩĽ鱦ϡпʯ
뽪̸ṩ鱨һģһ
һ·ߣʼǸӡ
ΧѾȫȺĴ֦ǣϸϸܵĺ뽻֯һƬصޣȥʮֹ졣
С
读Ȼ˦һץסӡ
Ǹ쵰⾿ʲôҲӻ᲻仯
ԺȻͣ߱ʲôʮ׸ߵĴԹأ
Ҵֻˣ
СĽôӣת뿪˷ɴ
ʱֵʱ֣ոۿشͣλռ֮зɴͣҹ˸Ű쵵ĵƹ⡣
طſ֪һ¡
ֻѡٵķ򣬵֪ɢȥ课͸ееͷʹ
Ťͷһ
ڲԶĺվ¥򣬺Ȼһųҫ۵ľ棬üʹӾ
ݡ
Դһ
ͷʹ˵Էˡ
Ȼ֪˭Ǹ״ȣҲ֪϶Ǿܵĸ֡
Ǽ޾ܵȫʹС
ĸǲ
ʶž˵ڲľʱֱӽ˹
Ѹ˾ת·ӡ
ٶȺܿ죬ӾʹܵĽֵϣϷԽһߵĽ
Ӷһӹ¥űе绷ҫ
·Ҳֻ۽Ƴ˿˿Ըߴ
̧ͷʱȴʲôҲûУոտķ·ֻԼĴ
读ܡ
Ҳ֪ҪܵȥֻԶ˶ĵطԶոչԼˡ
֣ܳͻ
һȼհȵĴʹУǸסԵĴ봫ʹϼܿȫɢ
诵һʱж˴룬ڵϣԾס
˭֪δأһһȺѪ״֫ȻצػӶһˮƯεĺݰ㣬˲ͱƽǰ
ʱֵҹԶոзɴ䣬ȴֻϡӰⷺʱѸˡ
ȻǴֻΪߴܡ
̾˿״ͬʱҫһȦ
Ȼ˵Ӱ֮˹ȥ
Ϊλϴս
˭֪ԲδŴ֫
ЩôĿĵѪ״ʣʼֳȻٲһգۼ۳ͷ­


54 
ܶǡ
й˾ֲ¥, ɵ鴫ϢЩ塣
ʲôûˣʯҲûˣ
˾ڲطʩӶ߸Ҳ
ʲôܴӲֿ߹˿ͼĴĶ
Ҫ, عǣȻ˿ûи֪֡
˵ʵ¶ǹ˾ӰҲǺܴ
ɵµѸת
ѾճĺôԷҪȥ
¹ʶ˵ʧЩʯ
˵, ĴƷ͵, ʧҪǼĴˡ
ĴҪ⳥, ߽ȥǹ˾Ҳܵú˫ʧ
ȻոնʧĶ
ĴճԺѾ˶, ʣһŮ, Ҳ˵, ֻλСʸ⡣
诿ɲ
ɵ̧ͷԶճ
ճﱾɳ, ոյĻѾվ˫ȭգɫ, ָ˺
¶ȶʼ½
ɵ΢΢۾
յԵ
һ߼װͬԼ, һ˸ȥ, ж͵ߡ
ʲô壿
ճ뵽ּĸ, ֻڼŵ˰Ѷžͺ, αػϷ
ⶫĺȻʧ, ȻɵĿҲճ
ճԵ, ˵ҲֻΪ˰ɡ
ϾǼ, ճǵﲻ
һ˵Щܶ켣ĹӶҲȥżжԵճҵָ֣˵ҲС
ɵ´ճĿ˼أ粻
ȻվԭأɫѿǸոȫҡ
İ칫ݺᣬеˮʼᣬϸı
ճΪŭʧˣ
˵Ϸ
ˡ
ɵЦһǸҵħ˵ĸ֣ôͿƲסˣ
Ϸɡ
ճ˱ۣһҪס飬ݻǽסŤˡ
һ˲䣬ӿֳ̨ʡ
ƩʶԷλᷢ£öԷҪ⳥ȵȡ
Ȼûô
ΪĴճѾˡ
յʱ빫˾ǩĺͬļĴƷʧˡ
ʸǸ⳥ˣֻȡŲˡ
诡
ճԵ׵ܵܣҲûʸ񿪿ڡ
˵£ճͲùʡ֪Ų¡
Ϊˣڲھ٣ѾʧرߵıԵˡ
㾡˼׷ˡ
Ҫɵ»Եݣ
ŭ޴й
ô¡
ճﳶ˳ǣҪ¶һαЦݣȴԼЦЦˡ
ң
ɵЦӦñҸΪʲô¡
ճҧҧ诡һ诡
Ǽһڰǻ꣬˵ʲôɻǷＯţʶҲ
Ŷ
ɵ¼Ц˵ֶŮ㲻Ѿм¼֤𣿡
ճʱȻ

ǡ
гҹɫ
ĳžĽֵϹԶԶɫâ
â˰ӰЩƶ
⼸Ӫҵ̵͸Ķ׷˷ײĺϽ
ԶĹԢеӴˣ¥ϸŴʼսûþͱҳ˻ȥ
ȻĴн¡
ߴܶƻֽסڰǵûв֪ģǵķҲصļӻʩ
ĸ֣Щʩȫ޷赲޹˱꼰㡣
ϾЩһֵܴ꣬Ϊ档
ֻڣƺԶԶ̶ֳȡ
·ĽϣһĺͷߣںһªֲĹս
ȫڵƬЩƬнܣȴô룬дС״һ£Щطǲȱġ¶ɫ⡣
һ޴Դͷмϸǣϻֱֵǣ۾һֻһֻţϰ˳̴ϸһֱۡ
ƺֻа壬·ȻѪǱ¶棬Ǳ˴мһ
첲ƶ㴩ܼĵУżҲᱻУڵƬϽǡ
ЩƬҲȫ᲻ɴݵģٲڷĵѣ¶Ѫ⡣
ҲŽĺϽֵ̼Է塣
ϧӲͱȥҧ͵гܲסֱӱѳɼΡ
ӵٴαϵĵЩ鷳
ط̫ܶˡ
¶׵һ¡Ĺô졣
ͼս˲ӣսѾĵطתƵǧ֮⡣
Ǵͣͣﲻͼ˺ҧֱֻһ裬Ҫʿֵš
кü诶˵ϣǲòⲫս
ײڰСˮ﷭ͼŤ϶ԷĲӣ˺˴˵Ƥ
诵²õˣʮӼ趯š
Щ߬ס˹첲ͼǴӹϳ
ȻƺʤӲס˵ץĲؿڡ
ֻǣվӰ˹ĶѲĲƣץ˺Ķٶȴ󽵵͡
׵ض˹ȥץסԷջصֱۣЩ⻬Ƭ
һ룬Ťͷһҧס˼룬ѪĽ
诣
ݣ
Ϊʲôôʹ
߬ס첲ֲһ£ֱ
ȻʹĴ̼ʹȫصˤ˵ϡ
ڳƵײβĵשѿԱשʯǽҲҡҡ׹
̱ڵϷĽǱˤ˼׵
诿˿ҧĴ룬ЩݸѵĲλȻڳ˿˿ܱߵѪȫÿ
ҧԼϵ롣

ƳӰή
Ȼֱ˴ԡ
һΣǿŴƺȱʧһ֣ҿȥɱ࣬ûٻЩɫ֫
诺ʲô壬Ավš
ӹȥˡ
·
ʲô
˼䣬ǰ㣬бٴ򰡣㲻ΪͿƭȥɣ
ƭ㡣
Сص˵ͳɤ
û̻ͷ
һλãȷԼܿӵ״̬ſڵĸߴӰ
΢ĵƹϡɼɫķ˿
һ£

췢˳Ĭ˼ӣܹ֡
诣
ںҰ֡
ЩƵ˵
诶ʱͷߡ
诣һôƺ㣿
ۺֳĬ룬ȳӡ
诣
诣ֻǺ棬ô֮ĲԴ𡣡
ۺҡҡͷһšǵĲӻǵͷҺٺ˵
诣
ⳡ̸ԽԽˡ
֮Һʶ֮ǰڿոǸ㣿
գգ۾ҵʱ֪һ£Ҹٵĵط
ۺû˵ֻǵͷһۡ
ӶȥеǱֻʣһսģ¶˺۵ֱۣ˳մѪҺ
ЩѪһֱӣȾ˿ɵĹװ㡣
໹мɫ룬ˮҡҷ˿Ʈţóһſ۾
ħս
췢˽ӿڵ
诵ĻȻֹ
诣ʲô
ոħˣ
Щ㤵ػعͷŵϵӡ
ڣǸȱĴ棬ֿʼϸϸܵĺɫ֦ȥǾѪܡ
֪Ƕʵ΢ӲһЩ
ȻҲûкӲܽ顣
读عͷֳܿ壬𣿡
ħ˵
֪ΪʲôϹħ˵ϢٵÿƬȫϢӰ񶼺٣ֻһЩģͼ
رױɾ
ħ˵ǿһҲܣΪ˵ѰߺǶԿ
ҪħϵƬ˺һѵ£֮ĻָٶҲܿ졣
⣬˵ˣħ˵ֻʧȥж
Ȼˡ
ֻʣ¸ԴܸĻҳĻǺߵȫˡ
ۺһֱû˵ƺĬ⡣
诣Ϊʲôᱻڡ
֯һԣļֵʲôǮ֮⣿
ŮĸĸΪʲôὫⶫĴй˾Ϊзǳļֵʲôܹ֮ڵô
ճǳҪõΪʲô
ۺ磺ħ˵
ȥڸСӽʮڼӼһе㲻ͷеΪʲôⶼ֪
诣
˻ȡħ˵
ѸٽԷ˵Ļչ
诣Ҫôʹܲǡ
ۺͷӡ
ǵֻ߲࣬Ҫ̧֣Сķ
Щҵĺɫȥë޵ģȻմȾһЩѪָкҲܲ

췢˵ʳָĶͷ᲻صذһ¡
诣٣
ԷĶ̫ˡ
֮ûüﲻȻӿֳһμ䡣
ǲĻ䣬ֻж϶Ļ䣬һԺﲥŵӰ

ԼѪУ߱ʬͶֱ֫ϲĴɢ䡣
ƺҰ⣬һƬãĿҰϣʮһ׹ٵķɴ
ƻȼųȺϼյĹâЩѵʬ䣬Ե涼Щá
ɱħˡ
иվǰ
Ӱģ壬ֻϡķ˿ȾϦ͡
ҲѾˣսĹУħϵ磬յǡ
˵ֻҪѧʹǣħ͵ЧͿԵõҪˡ
ĻȻֹ
̧ͷΪ˵԰ļת𣿡
ۺ磺ҵġ
Щɻؿ
ۺȴһֶ˵ˡ
ðɡ
μǱ˵ġ
ۺĳõμ䣬Ϊ˱˵ħ˵飬ֱӽμ䶪Լˣ
־ܵĸ˵ŪǲǾڲͬӲ︴ճļһ򵥣
ĽҶˣѾսˣѾõ𣿡
ۺ翴һۣصһͷ
诣
ļٵģ
ҴǶμ˵ǻзġ
Ҫѧϰʹ
Ч
ħ
ܳɹʹħ˵ͱΪħ
ĥһʵĴʸ²ָһ״̬ı䣬ܻӰ˵
ǿܲʲôõı仯Ͼ˵ħ˵ģǧٹ֣ͬǶܳ
ħ״̬Ч˭ÿÿ
ԼĴ;ûʲôܽܵˡ
ԣҪʹĻǽħҪôħ
˵
ۺ磺Լ롣
⻰ﲢκγǺ
һ¡
ʵûָԷῪڣðɣԼĥɡ
ʵѾһ뷨
ոˤħ˼һػƺЩˡ
һ˲ĸоȷʵЩ
Ҫôһս
诣ӿһֱȥ𣿡
ԣήҵ״̬ÿδ궼ҪһЩ
诣Ըֶ𣿡
ۺ磺
ɱĴ״̬ħˡ
ʵӼȡħԪܵĽǶȣɱħˣɱĲȱħˣȻߵġ
ΪԵʣǰߡ
˵ͬһħˣ״̬֫󱣴临£ʵкܴࡣ
ħ˵ʵԽǿսܻõԪԽࡣ
ȻĿҲԽ
ֹǱħɱҲԪ̫޷ܣǾȵȡ
ȻЩϢ̫ˣһ˵꣬ҲҲһļЩ
ۺ˳Ĭ
̫˵ô໰
ȻǰĹӶ֪֮٣ҪͣҪͷ˵
ȵȡ
ûҪЩ
Ҳ㡪ĻλãҲûʲôϵ
ǣ诸˵ȴǰѾʧˡ

说߳ȥĴһ£ֻԶǵӰԼ¥ĴӰ
ʧ𡣡
͵ػ
ڷ걧ֱۣվ·Ա߿ƺ̲Щãϸʲôûˡ
ˡ
ɿƺܵ˵̫ˡ
𡣡
üԼָָ֮ҪҪվӣ֮䵽˭ǲ˵һ
ȷʵۺе棬չϲ⣬ǼһȻҲǸΣշӡ
һܲΪӷ֣ںദʱ򱣳һĽ䱸ܲһá
Ըļ䣬ԷȻԸദҲ
ûʲôʧġ
һ㣿
˳˼
ˣҲֻһ㡣
̧ͷֶ˫ŭⷭڵ۾
ɾͲ춢
һ˲䣬诶ʼԼǲǷǮˡ
ȥޱ飬°ڵţӢͦüۼƺһɲˬ
˼ӣɲڣ㲻ȥˡ
ţ
诸еʮĪ
һﾭʧʱ춼˴ˣҲϵԷԼйأʲôʱȥʲô
诣㲻𣿡
ɣǱ˵ܡ
۾Ǳץߵģ
ɣҡ
诣ŶǱץߵġ
ɣǲǷᡣ
ĬĬ죬ĳЩ˵дߣ˵ʵС
ȶԷæڳһĵӣرʺ򣺡ôûˣԷʵΣúòÿ
ɶһֻۣһĴ𰸰ɡ
诣ۣȻҵĺöѣô˽ҡ
ɣ
ɴһԲؿ
ܿ죬𽥻𱻽Ŀ־塣
Զѵ˽⣬һóڽϴ򵽰¡
ɤӣɫǿЦģ׷ʲôǸΪʲôҪŪȥ
ǱʶԶѺġ
诣ҲǾʲôܣܾ϶а취ѰɣûôĻҲ뿴Է˭Լʲô
˵һ󳤴ɵ鿴Ƶŭƺˡ
Ȼ
说ᵽ仯һողˬ¾Ϊקߣ˵ΪԼ
ôϣˡ
ҿǸ
̵š
һЩϻ
ɵؿڣõҪҪ֮ġ
诶ʱͷʺţҪҪĸң
ռĳ´ң
Щݳȥ
诶ʱʼıˡ
˲뵽ЩԼЩطĲƷ
ûô˽⣬Ҳ޷䱨ţ뷢սȷʵҪ硣
ϾȻǰҲǰ֮Ȼвߵĸ֡
Ȼϸ룬ּҲǺܸߡ
诣ҲһܾˣΪ϶ֹ뵱
ɣֹʲôͳ
ҡҡͷڵģ֮ҪѡҲҪȫͳĶ֮ġ
һֿ
֪жٸ߼ǻ幫񣿾ĸ۹ҲܶõģҪ϶һѡơ
ʵҲôġ
ĳ۹ȷʵҲǲڵġ
ֻ۹ȻкܴȨȻҲֻΪ̫ǿˡƢֲã˶
诣ԣ뷨𣿡
ûС
ĪƳһۣȻֿ񣬡뵱ʵۣ
ʲô
诼ҡͷûһǱҪʵ۲ܽġ
޾ڵĴˣǱһطҲ̫ˡ
ֻҪ㹻ǮɴȻǿԸɷ̫ǵͿʲôʲô
˳ڴϼʮˣַɫɫֳ࣬ͬ
ԽԽᣬûĻҵ֡
Ҳ롣
նػش
ٶ̫죬Ҳ̫ˡ
请Щ⣬Ϊʲô
ƳһۣһҪͺܶ˴򽻵Ǵǡ
诣
ұ
Į˵
ȻԱ߶Ͷ˳עӡ


55 
ܶǡ
ֵﻨůա
ռҵĺլȴ, Ĵɭɭ
¥ϵ͸˷ӣ԰ľҶƬ䷺һǳǳ˪
ճڴƢ
ܼҺͳ˾˶ܵԶԶ, ˴ֱ۴˸磬ϰ巢񾭡
ʧˡ
ΪʲôҪϰʱ򡭡
ˣҲָרҸû˵ĵط
ճƽʱڼԱǰڳһ˾ӵºģ, ȻϤҲ֪Ŀ
߳ʱ, һ˽, üҲû˵ʲô
Щ˶, ָǳܸʧܵӰ졣
С㡣
Ƕô, ͷʺá
Щ˶ŴƷ, ϲƫƫΪӣƵƵ硣
ոմͬѧҵɶϻ, ֻһ¶ȹװںĻ԰ȴǰȻ
΢΢̧̧°, Ⱥ, ȥеĲм, Цº͵ػӦ
ǱǸ
¶, Ϊϵ, Ұ鲻̫ãӰˡ
ûЩ˵, űʾ¶෢һν, ȥ߱һ, ǧҪˡ
ȻЩ˶ܽҲΪŶСһҩȥҲȬ
˭Ըվأο˰СʱǮãҿȥܸм
ת߽ĸײڣֻиһ¥Ҷ
֣ôˣ
ԥһ£˹ȥ
ճվڷ룬߻ŵİɫŤȥ
ԼҲԪߣʹȫʧأҲбİգ˾ֱ˹ȥ
ǲй˾Ǳߵܲó
²
֪ǰȥһˣĺôַˣ
ǡ
ճЦһ֪˭Ǹã˽Щȫˣ
ʵ֤ġ
й˾Ǳ߻¼񣬵Ų̳ˣûʸ£ҲûʸҪء
ǣǱֿ߲ĴŲô࣬ΪʲôֻճԵŲˣֿħҲֹһ
ǸԸţһֱ˼ߣȥй˾Ͱ಻סֱһˡ
޷¡
ճҲ벻һ֮ʹǧֱ꣬ӽЩߡ
ƳһԱ鸴ӵŮȻӿ⡣
ճ㲻֪ɣʯǸߴȵģʥġ
ɫȻѿ
ڼȫǵ˼ʱȱľǴĴʯ
Ϊħ˷ʥʥʯνǧ󣬼ʹǮҲδ򵽡
˵ʲô
Ҳάֲס飬˵ʲô
ʯ
㹻üˣ
󲮾ȻôʯֻΪŮΪʲôֳܷһЩ
ֿɵõĶȻʧۣ֮
뵽ԼѧУֺýύЩ壬ֻΪҸ·õʯȥ׽ЩƽƲݡ
诣
ҧгݵ˵ģ
ҵҲȷ
ճ˵Ҹոսûãͱˣ诵Ļ֪Ų£ֻǴɩ߹һֱǵá
ǵã
شһǵùȥ£֪£ǹģҵܵܣʧȥЩʯ
Щʯʵ
ѾȥЩˡ
ԶĻ԰Χܼҵ׼뿪Ȼһ𶯺졣
Ǿȵػعͷ
լļȴĻֻϸ֦
˵ٸ֦ѹѹǽڣǽɱٰŷһȺζĶߣԶԶȥʮֺˡ
ֹ˼ӣϰرȻ飬̮顣

ͬʱʮ֮ҵ
һҶֻİˮ;ƾζĴֺܿ챻
һȵ˿ɳϣһŷˣһžƱ
ã˵㣬ѡǸ治ôŵԣõռҵļҲҲôһ㶫
ĲƲҪࡣ
ڶ棬Աߵķ˸ƣԱҲġ
ֻΪϴҲɫһԲܳΪ̳ˡ
󲿷ּҲǽģԼֵֻܺһʣµǵ㶫һЩɷݺһЩ
ֵܷĲҵֱǴ򷢽лӡ
Щǹȥˡ
롣
ұҲ㡣
ݿԱߵı磬ǳˣɩӶкô

ǺټߣҲֹһĸǾϸѡģ

ǰԶױܺλӾС㶩飬Ҳʱ䣬ûС
һﾹͰڳһԱҪ֪Ĺû
Һ弫࣬Щ˸۸ڶպ󻹲֪Ҫ

˻˻ξƱһתµģռЩ
ڳһֻֻ˻ݰ壬ЩƬʵ֤ǰܡ
Цһܶ߱˵ͬʱһкܶƣǰҲһûʲôã޲̫ߣӵļһһȺ̰ͷĴ
û˵
ˣһпܾͲһ
˳һ˻мֵġ
΢ЦҾͰ⵱ͬˡ
Ȼ
ļ򣬡ѡУ䣬϶ѧԺܼѵֻҪ˳Щѵ
ǺΪټˣͻô
Цһ£һĶӣҲŮõʯ
صͷ
֪Է϶õôЩ˵ҲҪˡ
ܲһ䡣
˵Щѵߡˣ
ô
۾ֶŮɻڴٻ㣿
˵Цˡ
΢΢ҡͷҺ޳ԹĸһϵûС
İɡ
ԴսȥЩƼȥ׶ǵߣѵ˻½ţ˻Ϊ£󲿷ֶȥѰħˡǼЩʥ̽ӣȥ޻صĺܶ࣬Ȼֻܷǵļˡ
ݶʱȻ
ԣ²Թǵİţ
Ȼ
˵ôܰЩ˵ȥ򡣡
΢Ц
ԣõĽĪ诱ѡϣ˶
ֻϣΪףͨʲôʽ
Ȼ
Ǿˡ
ӶЦ

ǡ
ˮСһԼ·һָָϵĶ
ȷʵħ˵Ĵ𡣡
ɴߣղǸûи𡣡
诲̫ȷؿ˵ˣһ㣿
ɣǡ
ǻش˸ոǸ⡣
诵˵ͷ
诣Ǹħţʹħ˵һӣȻͿЧ˵ˣ
΢΢ףʱÿôҲ
诣
ЩʵѾиоˣܲܶĶеģ
ǡ
ɿһ۵ϵĴԣħˣϴԪޣʹȫգҲࡪ
ͣһ¡
գգۣţ
һ룬ڷǰͶһƬҡҷӰȻ󲻽ץĸ첲׸Ƥʱ⻬ĴС
诼գۣؿŶԷıݡ
ϰ֡
ɽģĴָס·߹΢΢͹λá
ħȷʵܸı״̬ħܸṩԪܣħָ⵽
诣ҵϰҲйϵΪϰ֣ħǴֿʼģ
ħڵԪܣ㲻ħˣҪʹǵ仯
Ŷѵĸ첲һ߸ָܵ伡̲صһ־ƺеϸġ
֫ħЧܵӰ졣
еǹǽڣƩ˵жˣħؾͻʧˡ
۾ЩиӰܣ
ԥѧҲᱻ˰ɡ
ɣ
ʹżߣܹħ˻ߡ
Ϊħħ˵ҲãҲãûߵ˵
Ȼ弶ߵļ׷ޡ
ħ˵вһֱڣ޷õħͺѺǽ濹⡣
ǣʥյЩ꣬ħɵʵ࣬ԶԶСɱɵ
Ҳ˵
󲿷ʱЩħҪԸħ֮壬Ʃߡ
ȻΪħ˲ࡣ
ܵ෱ǧ򻯣Ǿ޷ӦԵƩֹ
ĳЩԵĹ޿ɱܣ޿ɷͬ߹ֻܵ
ħ
ָ˸ӡ
Ʃи˵ǸϵĴߣֻҪ壬һǿ˯۶˭
诣Ҷˣʱ򣬱ħ
һЧĹ˵ħ֮⣬ûκΰ취濹⡣
ɲÿɷ񣬡㣬ֻħ֫壬Ǿмֿԡ
һȫӰ졣
Ч
ڶǸоǳ룬Ҫǿս
ƫ
ֱл˯ء
ɣͨӰ㣬ħ״̬ǽǵһ֣Ч
读Ȼħ֣ҵǽǵڶ֣
Ҳǵ֡
诣ܣǾʲôģ
ڶֺ͵̫ˡ
ܶأԼᡣ
诹ðɡ
ɿ֡
诲ȥմȾѪŸ첲ݺύ˿ڡ
ԣħԪܵľ֣Ԫܴ洢ڣҪʹʱҾҪνħ״̬
ٴס
Ҹо
诲˷һӣˣǸҺΪи𣿡
ó֮ͽʼ仯ˣűֱӱħˡ
诣ٸٸΣ
ɵͷ˿ԣһΡ
诵ͷҪȥҸطˣˣһûлл㣬ҰŲû
ȻԺû̫ģ˵Ѿˣڳǿ
С̧ͷ۵ĻҪȥϢɡ
ɣ
Եؿֲ㡣
诣
ھܽôԶ˲䴫ͣǼʹ̱Ҳܸ˰ɡ
诣벻ô̧ҡ
ضһۣԪܻ˱񾭲ҿҲˡ
诣ļٵģ
ˣǰЦ
ɣ˵ء
ӲЩħս˺֮⣬Ҳ⡣
ȷʵЩΪԪܶɷӡ
ɣħˡ
诣
ħתһֱħ״̬ʱ˾ˡ
˵㲻õġ
Ϊħֻ֣϶˱ħ˵ġ
ɣ䶼ûǸ
诣
죬ֻԼ˵ʲôᱻ̡
诣ߺħսȡϵԪܣΪʲôս
ɣ˭ֻҪսԪܣǸͷ𣿡
诣
ǹֵֹġ
Ƕۺôţ
课һƽϣԲ𣿡
ҪħˣԽأԪԽࡣ
ؿڵ
ЩεļһﶼʥЩħˣһ˲ɱ㡣
诶ˡ
诣ʲô
ɣҹ
诣Ҷඩһݣˡ
ץӾߡ
ڷվԭأŶѵıӰϷһŻ˵һǮллˡһѸԶȥ
˼ӣջߣ㿪ϵʳֲݣٵط

һߣû뿪УӾ͵ڶθˡ
ȺѪ״֫ƣצĺӰεض˻˹
òһսһ߽Զ
ߵĽֵխӰϡ衣
¥֮仹ѵһ巿ְܸ彨˷϶Щҡҡ׹ľס㡣
ƶߡ
Ƶסܶ࣬һʲôطЩʱĶҪ
ٴξˤԱߵͣ
ѻŸַؾߣ󲿷ֶǸ״½ٲͺϾɵͷ
ЩؾֵǮˣԴﶼβһ͡
Էֿħٴ˻˹ˤһܷĵ粣ϡ
µĲ˲ѳƬ诱ֱײλϣҡܻҳ硣
˲óһĻңĴšסħ˵ĸ첲ͲӣԷ̶ǰİС
说˿ȻҧԵ˫λá
Ȼ۵ɫ⡣
һԾԶ˱ĳȼյһħ˵Ӱ
ⶫܱ
ȡӡ
ֱٴβâ˿˿Ƶĵը𻨣˺Ħ
һ־ǰ˫ʳָĴָഥγһնǡ
ǵλãȻǸķ
⼤
ԡڻķк˲ը÷ǡ
ţЩؾ߼䣬Щҳ··ͽ˷ӡ
ȥͣѾĵ⸲ǣϸϸܵɫâһƬޡ
ħ˷ŭ
޿ɱܣֻܴӰԾƬը࣬¶ļ⣬ѪҺ
ٴδ˼Ҳѡȥ
ڳѹĵϹȥһһšۣ뱻һһҧϣĴǷɽѪҺ⣬ܿӿĽϢ
诱ͷץ˺ü
ȫûʱȥ⣬ֻץסѹԷĻᣬþȫҪħ˵һȭ

ٴβ׽ǰֹĸо
ƳֱߺӰζ
ָɫƬգۼƬֻƣƺҲ΢΢Ρ
ȭħ˵ͷϡ
Ŀٴι˷ɽѪ⡣
ħ˵Դ֮󣬵ֻʣ¸ɱ壬ȥ¶ȣûκ
课ʮֲѧ
ǵԪ֧ŵģ֮ǾͻԽԽ
ͣĵѾɢˡ
读ĥЧ¡
ͷԼ֡
ɫƬȻˡ
ֵֻĹעʮּӲֱӴǽְ嶼û⡣
ȻƤǻƵġ
⵽ܵĹԪܣƤⲻˡ
ħ״̬񲻹ʲôƤľͶˡ
Ȼ
ӦֻǴ
ħ˵ƬƼ᲻ɴݣȻڶγлǻᱻƻ֪ħ֮ǲҲᱻܹ˺
žͷʹͿǽ˯һ
úŲѡ
û۾ֻǷų֪һȦ
м˽ӽ
ǵľ涼ǳ΢
ЩſͼĹԡ

ӺǶᱻڵϡ
ȻѵϢˡ
߹ҹˡ
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߹ٲˡ
诸æظ
ƶû˹ġȵȣһûʬء
߹ӡԪûˣʬܿûˡ
ƶû˹ġûƣȻƣӼȥ
߹ˣơѼܺȡ
诣


56 
课бҪΪԼ
Сʱ, һơȥ˹Ԣڵϡ
ÿκȾƣֲ, Ƕ˵Ҳܴͨǧĺòã
ɲЦ
ԼԹܽġ
ЩֲľƣѰʳƹƣ˵ǺȵθװΪֹ
Ȼ, ǿһЩ, һ㡣
ʵûʲôɽġ
ҲֻǶԶѵĳʮֲ, УʲôơѼΪһ𣿡
һ, ʶԷν, ָĲ, ˵һɵ֡
ɿɳϣǰżͶӰڣͷҲ̧಻ź޹, Ҳ
ҵ죬˵ú˭Ȥһ
诰һۣǻĻ, ϶óԡ
ø˵, ڲ²бһ¶ѵĳա
תһ, Ŀζʵ, ϲԸؿĶ
ѧϰǿ͡
ԿҲѳԲȥ
ɣ
ȥֱߵҹӵ, ʵ˵оƷˣ
诶ʱ
ʶҪٳһЩʵ֤Լľ⡣
ɲС
诣𡣡
һҲͣںʱ˲ҡ
졣
˵ˣ
ˡ
˵ƺŸе, ٴеؿɳ, ʡ
߹ȥǼµ, ɨһ۾͹۸ֱӸѴ˸
Ȼͨսħ˵Ԫܡ
˶棬ԶȡԪ𡣡
ȣֹࡣ
ɵ˵κܱʯܵĸ߼ǻ壬ħ˵Ԫܡ
诳֣ԣ
ЩֻܴħԪܣҪԪܣҪȥҸħˡ
Ȼ֮ɱûõġ
ȻͷҲҲɱܶħˣҲ
΢΢ͷȴû˵Ļ
˳˼
诣ճԡţҸףΪʲôһй˾
ɣǲһսƷֻǻ
ħؽףʵѾγɲҵˡ
˿;ЩҪԪܵˡ
ʱˣħҲһʲĴڣֵҪ
εħ䣬ôͻԽԽϡȱҲԽԽ
诣Ҳǡ
ǰĸĸ˵һмֵĻһһɴû
ǵŮҪãҪҲ
һұֻʣһԣҲħ𣿡
ɿһۣҿѰֻʣһԵ״̬Ҫ𣿡
诣
诱С
诣ҪҾôһ˵
Ԫ㹻࣬Ӧÿԡ
诣Ӧã
ɣû
Ҳǡ
Ҳ󲻵ֻʣһӡ
ɣôлᡣ
һסпϵĳ嶯
诣ԣһħкܶȫֿÿܸⲻͺͷѲ𣿡
ɣʵǸɵǲʬࡣ
߸ǻбܵû˼ġ
ɣʵҲһȼ
ЩħˣʹЩҲƶսƻ
Ʃ˵ڱһȺΧʱܻѰеͻƿڣһֱȥǿĶ־
ҲҪͬħƺԸҲһ
ҳ֮⣬һܹ洢Ԫܣ϶ԶԶһ塣
ɣ
诣
ʵԶԿһħˡ
Ѿˣ⻰Ҳ治ɫԪˣǲǿԺħ˴һ򣿡
룬ҼЩС
ħ˵ǿ߶ʥԱգεЩûʵǿģҲԶǿ
ɣ˵ЩȽħˣڻԡ
¶΢Ц
ɣ
诵ͷ
ֿʼˡ
һ룬ħ⣬Ӧץס֫ħˣͬҺﱣ棬Ȼ󰤸ȥ
ħˣʵԶԶħˣԵĹ˿Ͳ㼶ҪԪܣսֲǿġ
ĸ֣Ӧǿֱȥħ˵ġ
Ȼħ˵ԪܶһģֻǶٵ⣬ôЩ˵϶Ҳõģ
诣ҲӦòΪԪ̫ɣԡǲӦøлûҵӣ
ɣǲŲ𡣡
诣ҪʡԼ̳ǰɡ
һǹġ
诲֪ԼҪһãòôˡ
ǮͿԿǼ;ĴѰħ˸ɼˡ
תһ룬ۺǵͣ϶Ҳħġ
ҲǸӣûôҲԪܶ˷裿
ɿһۣԪܣʲôо
ãȻûʲôħһ˲䣬ʵͺʹԪܲɣ㲻𣿡
ɣš
诿е񣬲ɻ˻֣еһ£ħ״̬ǲɻʲôܶ򲻻
Ͼħ˿ܱ򻵵ġ
ǵħȫƬֻħһ֫壬Ũˣ͸ˣ
ɻعҲħ㡣
ʵܡ
ɣҲħоרңûȨ𰸣Ϊûħʱ˵ҡ
诣Ŷ˺⡢ûõĴ𰸡
ǰ˵Ǹߵӣ˵˵ȥþǵõԪܣԽȫħ
ʳˡ
šҲкܴ޷תñħˡ
״ƺɵ˵ô룬״̬£Ҳħ˵ǿߡ
诣Ҳܺá
˵Ԫܴ洢ޣҲÿ˶ȫħ
Ԫ̫࣬ʹûзҲһƳԳûٳԵĸо
诣˵
ûиеνġޡڡ
诣ˣҲܵ
ԼڲûκӦûټԪܰɣ
ħ˲ңȥˡ
诣ûġ
ɣҲûл
Ǿˡ
诣ʽ̰ɣӦ֪
ֱӸԼм˼鱨̷˸ϢȵȣҷǲǾ֪Ѿħˣ
ɣҲԪܣ㲻Ϣ֮ʶ
Բۡ
诣﾿˶ԪܵˣңΪʲôҸоϵԪܣ
ɣӵԪܼСʱǾ𣿡
԰
ɷнµصͷҸոԪܾͿֱħѵǺ𣿡
ɳĬˡ
ʮ⡣
̵ĻظҲܿ췢ˡ
ʾȷʵģֻֻҡ
ؿƼ𡣡
诳̾һҾҲ̫ʺٺͿ¡򽻵ˡ
һǺ֮ӣΪĴͰɣǰǵĳԱ︴Ƶ
⵹ǻС
̧ͷý̰ϵңǲҪгɣ
ɣϻһǱ߸ǮȻٸӼۡ
诣˵׻¡
ѯʼ۸
һӣ̻Ϣ˵ں֮Ǳʣһħ֫壬Ȼ֡
诣ڣһﲻǰҵĴ۰ɣ
ȻĴֹڣΪʱһֱӼʮ򵽼򲻵ȡ
̧ͷ۸𣿡
ҡҡͷ
ΪҪ˵һ߽ڿˡ
ɵؿڣûЩ
诣
诳Ĭˡ
ȷʵҪԪܡ
Ȼܻħʱĸо
ǲǼ򵥵ǿһָƿظУͺԼκ¡
Ǹħ˵ĹͷԭӲҪħҪħ˵Դʱͳɹˡ
һ˲䣬ɾͽȫһ㣬Ȼٱȥԭ޷ﵽ˺
ǻһֻ֡
ȫħ״̬Ǹоһǳˬɡ
޷Ƶȥ⣬Ȼһҧ̻Ϣˣϵҡ
ʶ֮ӵĳԱǸѦҵļһǰһСͷĿ
ֻѦδ֪ħؽףϾǿȥǸ߲ԱܽӴĶ
ܿ죬ѯʱ䡣
һûпգ
תҵ˼ѡʱ䡣
读ȻһСʱɣҺܿ͹ȥ
óˡ
ϴ軻·صɻɳ˼״̬֪ʲôҲ˿ûֹ˼
ʵϣٸΪʵĻܶᷢκ
ʹʲô±ʾԣҲȥֹ೰䡣
诣ھȥˣ˼ⶫͦ죬ٲȥ˵ˡ
Ҳˡ
Ͼ۸ڰ󣬼ʹһЩɱҲʲô
诣ˣ֪ôǻüٵƭ𣿡
˼ؿһۣϲᣬֵɵӡ
诣
ɣ㲻ǺԼȥӦûԪܣеĻ
аɡ
֮ӵĵ˼ʮЩгĵشзҵĺװݻĴƵꡣ
诰Լļص㣬һҾƵ̻꣬Ի͵Ĵǰ̨˽װš
ǰ̨Աɫʱˡ
ǱֵǫǸ֮϶¶ֺηЦݡ
ܿ죬˺;ƵԱע£һ༱Ҵҵ߹ϹʾԼ¥
רõĵݡ
读
ȻϴԽӼˡ
ۿһΪǸӵĹӶ
꣬ҪôǸ֣ҪôǸǮˡ
Ҫô߶ǣʲô飬빴Ļ¡
ź£ӵ⡣
ִﶥ֮·˱ʾϴںһλ̸⣬Ӧúܿܽˡ
˸ո̤ûֹ̺ȾͷԶŻ򿪡
һڷ۵Ů߳
зװ׺ȿ㣬̬ɢ⣬һִԱ˵ļϣ΢΢˵
诣
ˡ
ӿֳ뷨ͬʱǸڷŮ˽ŻعͷЩζ
ϳ¡
ϣԷûϳԼ
ȻϴμԼõĲݣҲû¶١
ҲǾܵĸ֣ܼסԼľûıġ
̶ֳֻˡ
λ¡СΪʲôܵɵĵ̣
˵֮ʲô⣿

ֿһۣȴʲôû˵
ֱ˫
Ȼû˵
ϰ壬Ѿˡ
Աߵıڵ˵
ȻǵӰʧԭأȻ˲Ƶȥˡ
Է
߽Զһ޴İ칫ңشʣװʮּࡣ
һһŮվԱߡ
ǽű߶һŲĽӣϷһƬ͸򣬿ɼ浴ŵɫҺ
诵ĽǶȣֻܿЩҺһɫĶһθŸɱѪĹͷ
Ϻá
ǸڻɫŮ˵
㣬źڰײɫװȹ˵еɳơ
ͣʮڡ
ǡʲ
诣Ϻá
ʵû뵽Էнס
ѻϿͻ
ʲÿߵ̾һһ˵漰ħ˵£ҶԳ棬ɡ
诵˵ͷ
Ȼǽ̽ܵˡ
Է׼˵Ҳ⣬ҾʡȥЩ裬óɡ
Աߵ˴Ǹӣûеֱ۱ħ֫塣
ͼǸʲô
ʵ޷ϳ
ǻһȣʲôλ
Ͼħ˵֫᫣ħ˻ǸָģһʱҲ޷¶ۡ
ʲ򣺡ô
诿֫壬̧˸첲
£ָѾȻħϸĺָ죬ܿ츲ָ
ʲĿⶸȻ˫λƵӽŹӶʱ˹ҧĲӡ
ַ֣ħ
诣һ¾С
Ǹ뿪ݵ֮Һܿɡ
ŹһӣϸϸĺɫѪ״ӵһһ֯ءǰ֫塣
诣ˣҸǮ
ղžˣֻҪ̣Ϳȷħ˵֫ˡ
ʲתˣԱߵѯǷҪŻȥ
诵ͷҿ԰Ӵ߰ɡ
ʲȻͬ⡣
Ϊ˱ֿܷ⣬뿪Ƶ֮˸ǽˡ
صԢѾһСʱ
ڼΣû̳ǣӺ͸ħ˴һ
Ȼڴû뿪
诱Ϊ϶ȥˣ״Щ⣬Լݼˣ
Ȼһֱڸˢ񣬵֪ԼҲûţϾASҪ̫ˡ
΢΢ͷҲô־ȣȻ
诣Ҹոõ˶ңͣһͣ
ҪǴ϶Ҳܴ
ʹڳҲע
οɵ˵Ԫܵ˿ԸӦԪܣǰۺҵԼ˵ҲΪӦħˡ
ǵطɴҸ㹻ƫƧĵطɡ
ɴϵӣС
˵ţұΪѾʼˡ
诣
ʲô
诣Ϊʲô
Ԫ񡪡νķδָ־塣
ƺ˵ԼȻǸӦġ
һëɡ
ĪؿȻߺܿƵϡ
һ⡣
üȻԪܴ洢֫棬ΪʲôҲֱգħ״̬ٽսأ
˺ܵԪ磬ȫֱ˺صȸɣ
ɣȻԪܵվֻһַΪûԹ𣿡
аɡ
ô룬Ԫܱյ֮󣬺ͲٱĵˣԽԽ١
ֻÿħʱһͻʧ
˵ƺ֧Ԫܺħתľħ״̬ʧعڴ洢Ԫܡ
ĺ档
诣Ҿȷһ£Ͼȥħ˵ͦƽ
ȻͬǣϾҲ˶ܶħ˺򲻹ĻľԼˡ
οЩħ
Щؿһ˵ħ˳߾ͿԪܣȷʵܲƽ
诣
üһ
Ҫô˵ħԪܵķʽ򵥣
诣˵Ǿǲģ
ɣħ˶˵߲Ը˽Ҳûĳħ˳ˣȥԱԪԴҲ֪
ðɡ
请
ֻǺ֪ħ˵ʲôԪϾħ˲һֱʥġ
΢΢üŻս
Ƕħ˵Ķ²⣬ǹΪʲôҪʥԼ֮ʲô
δ
Щħ˻⿪ٴηսֱ
诣ǰ
ĵ۹
Ѿʱ֣峿⴩룬ڴճǧϸﳾ
ڷվԭأ΢΢ͷ˫ˮϴ͸䡣
Ҳôá
˵ҲԸǡ
诣Ϊ˸Ԫܣ

ɺܵ˵˴֮⣬ҲҸȽϸߵħˣһЩ¡
գգ۾Ϊʲôٵ׶ǻʥ򡪡֮𣿡
΢΢ҡͷ
ʲô
ʶʵֲһ䣺ң͵ûʡ
ͣһ£ҲǣҲ֪ô˵
ԽԽˣȻԷǲͿ׷ˡ
ͷƿơƣҪͼһħˣ̵֣ʲô
һߺһ߿ˡ
ɳ˼ӣͬ𡣡
Ǻˡ


57 

׶ǡ
ĳǹۡĽֵ, ʱʱɼȥҴҵԱͷ䡣
ĳٽֵĺİ칫иݰ, СؽͼƬͶӰС
ǰ߸
Сϵ
һ˵һнػͼƬȷÿһŶܱ
˾λϱ鵭ģ𡣡
΢΢ҡͷǸǹӶ, Ҳ֪
ʵܱѡ, Ҳ, Ŀǰƣ͵޷жǱ
˾Цһ, ȡ߸, ȥǱ, 
ĻȻֹ
ԹɫҲͣ˷ͼƬĶ
˾۾еƬ
һŴӸߴģڷӶվڻ谵ֿ, ԱǸߴĺ췢ˡ
վúܽߺ̧֣ǵǰߵĶͷ
˾
ֱߵĿȡ
˾˼˼, ֪, ļҡ
ͷ, ҪҪϱ
˾سһ, ܣ
ĬĬȥ

гԢ
诿˼, ƽ˺һǺ, ̳ҵķɴ
Ҫʵġ
ޱؿǸƴҶҪ
诣ȥɡ
ϰԻ֮, ֿʼ˼׵顣
诣Ϊʲôô룿
ɳĬ˼, ֻһֿܡ
课һʲôԭ򣬵Էϸ˵Ҳټ׷ʡ
ɴ໻˸㡣
ԣкòƵħ𣿡
С
ͣһ£׼ȷ˵ħеǿ߿仯ò
Ҳ˵ơ
ֻ˵ǿԱӡ
诣ܴħϼȡԪܰɣħ˺ħ֮ҲŶУ㣬ϵԪܻᱻ𣿡
û˵
ЩҲʲô
Ȼڶħ˵Ĺϵл̬ȣ϶ΪЩûд𰸣Щì֮
Ʃħ˵һЩҲһЩħûе
Żᡣ
ΣؿڵҶħ˵˽ޣҲǸ⡣
ȻǵõʱӳؿƼֲ֮ʾЩʵ־޷͵ġ
˵ľˡ
诣ԣѰҸħ˵Ϣֲսˣħеǿߡ
ЩӦûɡ
ˣҲĹ䡣
ٴҡͷ
һְڴϣͷ深ĳн־ϲŭѱ档
Ǹңħеǿ߿ǧ򻯣Щǿ߿ܡ
诣ǷӺӣ
ɣ
Ϊֹûκ֤ݱħ˺Ƿֳ롣
һжпܡ
ȡδƻϢȷʾĺӣٻṩ߶ࡣ
ȵȡ
ĸĸȷʵ࣬Щ̥ĹУʲôĶأ
ʵ־ϲûдЩͲڡ
ɻ뷨϶ħ˵һЩͬ㡣
˵课Ͳ׷ʣҲʶʲô
ֿԣǿٵԪء
Թȥʥ𣿡
ħ˷׶򣬼Ѿʧ֮أ˸޷ҵλá
ʥܱߵشɴĵϵͳͻʧ飬óռԾҲʧֵĵط
Ȼɴأ
Щռĸ֣ܱȷɴҪãȷδزܴȥ
Ȼ˵޹ܽʥ˶ȥ޻أҲʵģ
诣Ȼ˵ãֻǴ棬ڹȥôǾԣ
ɲûᣬ˲ƣֻȥȥĵط
诣ȥŲ
ɣûȥǼй˾ȥǸС
Ҳ˵˲Ƶٰŵַҵй˾Ǳȥ
ֲʧʮӲŻ
读Ȼͷ
ֱ˲ƽʥ
诣ǣҲλã
ֳĬһҵǣ¶˵رҪ
诣
ɣҾҪȥˡ
ܲܽʥ򣬲һ֮䡣
ʹԣҲҪʱ侫ȥ·ҵ·Ҫ취ƿħõϡ
ˡ
诣ɱˣһ⻰дʣʵֻҽȥô˵Ҿˣı²Ầħˡ

ɿһۣо˻

诶ʱ̣Ҹո˵㣬ݣûаˡ
Ŷ
Цһ㰮𡣡
诣
ʲô߰ġ
ûмپ⣬ֻջĽֵ
иᡣ
ͷ˵
˹ͨ彫ʯ251ǡ
ؿڵΪħˡ
诣ţ
ħҪߣʯԼ˵ܣʯҲħˣҲ˵ͨ
˹ͨץħˣΪ٣ΪԼ˵õԪܣҲ⡣
诣ʲô
һ˷ʯǸħˣ
ɣΪʲôҪʯ
诣Ҳ֪߾֮ģ
ÿɵϵĿ⿴
ʯܼܣҪΪսߣҲҪõĶ
诿û£û˵
ݵĳĬ֮˵һ¡
ƥ˹ڳﱸ顣
诣
ѾϰЩȡ񻰵Ҳ֪ķ֮һ
˵˱ʥ֮⣬Ҫֵߡ÷չ״á͵򣬾ֻʣ°ƥ˹Ī
ƿھϲŵС
ŵȨƼֵܣһ³һŲԺ鳤λãǵֶֶŮҲŰƥ˹ϵľ
ȻǲδݳǶԼ̵ƿȣҲȹҪ
սոս֮飬ۼʮλܴԱͬǩ˺ƽԼ
Ϊ޷ʥħ˵Ķ˭Ըӱɱϡ
ʱ˿ħεǼʺķͬұĳͻǼˡ
Ҫ飿
Ϊʲô
ɣΪЩħˡ
һħ˴ʥˣ
⵱Ȼһֿԡ
ҲЩħ˯ˡ
ʲôͷ
ɲÿɷ񣺡ǾҪ£˵Ϊս׼
˿
նѵ˵黹вһʱ䡣
ħڲѣţ⼸ԽԽס
ܿҲҪսȻʮꡣ
ԭŮľϣռڵܶǣǸƫһĵط
诲ȥҪ֤ʷ֮⣬ŸԪܡ
ɱħˡ
诳˼һ˹ͨ251ʯħˣʲôϵ
ɣǷˡ
ذһۣһǰҶħ˵˽ֻϵļ仰
ͶѶԻģܲµˡ
ɣΪиǿħ뿪ʥ򡣡
诣Ҫǿħˣ
Ǽͬ˵
һ´ȣҲµˣһµǿָħˣȥǸħˣһ£
ȫ
ֱӸͶӰһͼ
ǴӳؿƼֲʵȡĻļδƻĽͼҲΪ7777ʵƷĵ
ݵһ۾ϳ
ڵ°벿֣һЩע¼ʵ־ϢżһЩĪİʡ
ֵһӵĵطԱ߶ʱһµĴڣһʺķ·ѪƵͶӰ
诣ţ
ɣǰʱַĵʱŷƺħ˵ķš
诣ô֪
ɣΪ˹ͨٻħ˵ʽ׼ʯڳɷǳƵ״
ģ
˿Ȳô֪˹ͨϸƻȷʵȥǸٻħˣţǰȤ
΢΢ͷԱߵĶѣЩ˵ζ
ߺƮϣһǰһȵڿУ֧ٲŨܺڷɢ䡣
ž¿εӣԡëһǳǳĽԡ
ĹӶͷ˲ˬȴû˿Ĳ¼ɺη塣
һ˲䣬ɾԼԻ·
־͸
ûб˵𣿡
䲻ȵؿʵ
ڷŮգգ۾˵𣿡
ɣ
ҡҡͷϣѧĶѣʵЩ佱͹
˵һҲ֪ڿЦ
ɣԱ̶ֳôҪ˵Ŀ϶
诣˵Ĺ
ؿ
˵ġ
ʼ磬㻹ָ˵ʲô˵ԸΪ˹ͨѾ˿¡壬ոҼʱ򣬶ñϳȻƴ׼ˡ
ٶһҲࡣ
Ȼ廹бġ
˵˹ͨﲻ
诣ֻǰı㡣
ıòܴǽͨǲܵġ
ķٸһЩԿԳΪǳ׵ﷸ
ûȤ˺ԩ޳ˡ
ɣ
ʵ˵
й¶Щֶٴνֱͦ˼һĪ
诣ȥɱƼ˫̥κһȥλĹԱ
̾˿
ᵯһ¶ѵĶͷźԴŭɹȻЩ
ɣħˣô
ʵ˵ǣǸ֮ķӦ˾֮⣬Ȼûб
ֵǣոһֱھ⡣
ζںԷ뷨
诣
˵ʵһϷʲô׵飬ڶݵ𾪺Ѹٽˡ
ħ˵ĻΪ̫Ԫܣħ󽥽ħˡ
ʵҲĻ򹹳Ҳѡġ
诣һôֽһôõԪܣţǲǶӰôɡ
֮ܶν
ֲһֱһ𣬲ʱߣǹʲôϵ
诣Լ˵ûôں£ΪʲôҪңѵںҶĿ𣿡
ɣˡ
ûࡣ
ʵڲ֪ôش⣬ɴװû¡
诣
аɡ
Ҳϰ߶ѸΪˡ
诣ұ˵⣬ͣţȥҿ¡ˣ˵иδƻϢ
Ļħ˵Ļܲһ¼ûС
ǰӳؿƼֲõԶԸΪٷϡ
诣ȻɭˣһЩĵļԱ⡪
δƻʵĿֻһء
ڵĻԱ쵼ȫˣЩ˶ǿ¡£ǿ¡ĳԱ
诣ҾãܻһΪ¡ˣδƻܸˣص쵼ǲ
ٰճؿƼʵŶӵķֲҪĹύԼС
ЩϺ׺Ϊ¡ˣҪôѪԵϵҪôǻϵĵϡ
诣ʵħ˵ġ򣬻ʲôǸܸ˲֪ܲ
һֱû˵
ֻǰŶһ󳤴
ʵЩȻǣûôҪ˵ܹ֪
ս½֮
ɲ̧첲ڶѲĿưס˺ߵԴ
Ҳ˵ġ
ؿڵνˡ
诣
̧ͷʱѾջ֡
ڷ۵꿿ǽߣӸµؿֻǴȴûĸζ
ĳ޵ġŨҵġ޷
Ǿɡ
ƽ˵ʲôõġ
诣
ⶼʲôʲô
ϸһ˵ĶԻʶе֣Щ뷨ָо̫ܡ
˶û˵
˼ӣ读˻֣٣ȥ251ǣ˹ͨнغħˣûô򵥡
˹ͨҪɱץסǸħˣȻǲ޵ġ
Ǻ˹ͨףֻħ˽䣬¶Ҫɨаµˡ
Ҫô͵ץסһᡣ
Ʃħ˱ץסѺĳطʱȥ
϶Ҫȫ˽˹ͨļƻ
诣Ƕ֮£˭˵ģŪ鱨𣿡
¡
ɵ˵Ҫ伫ʯҽһЩʽ˵˵ٻħˣԺͿʼ׼ˡ
诣ǻ׼ʱ䡣
ͣһ£ȥ𣿡
ɣΪʲôҪȥ
ΪЩλδҪ򹤣򹤵ЩǱɱˣ
诣ʶ
ɴȥ
գգ۾ʲô£ֻѣȥȥҿ϶Ҫȥ
ɣ
ˡ
һһֱ԰ǾǼ
ǲԱǹƽʱٲһ죬ʱ϶Ҫ۰ƥ˹
Щɻؿ
ɺȻͿʼˬˣ˫·ۣʱð
诣
һԽԽˡ
ôš
һֻƢè


58 
վ, ϵӡ
ȥˣȻŻȥˢʲôҪ𣿡
û
ˡ
ֵÿԼѡ, ͿԼ¼ˡ
ʵԼķɴѾȥˡ
ӶЭĺ̨˹ͨ壬233ֻЭֲ, Ҳеġ
ЭעӶ, ȻҲͨõġ
ȥոۿŷɴ, һСʱϤĻ̵ѩԭϽ䡣
ɴͣڼӲĶ, ڱѩµĺ, ұһƬľϡ踲ѩĻ֡
ѵ, ¶õսģֱЩҺ, ̳Ƕɫ֫塣
ǽ֫ߣѩһҺĺۼֱܿѩû
ǽڸŸɱѪĹͷ, ѪܰĴ֫, , һѪļ롣
ֹ˼ӡ
һƬܲϸֱ۴Ӽ, ָצѩϡ
ֱ۲, 岿λظͷ­, һֱۡ
һħ˳ˡ
ȫɫƬ, ֱֻ, ϸֳĩ˻Ǵŵ̵Ĺצ
Դ״е࣬ͺͺģųļǣûл˿۾
ֻһѪڣԼʮŲβľݰļ
ħְֻŵ棬̶ļХ
ļоһˣƮѩγһƬתС
ţħչһõĳ
ûĤֻвȱĹ
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Ǿɡ
˵
ħ˵Ӱʧԭء
ͬʱںڷŮ趯ĸϣһһ۾۲κνǶȵ͵Ϯ

ܶǡ
ռҵĺլڡ
ոձɸԭǷ˾ٴη˾ҵ
﹤Ȳ˳ȥڻ԰ɪɪ
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Ϊųòɿĸĸһʱ䲻֪ð˭
¥ϵǶǰֵźơķ޲ðѱ˴̻ˡ
诱УĶӾܱŮҲõʯ
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ճͷ𣬡˵Ķǡ
԰ѡУɱҲٰ
ЦôΪᱻѡУӵŮδĸõҪ
񣺡衪
ҡ
Ƴһۣ֪ҪʯȴԸֱӰЩʯ͸ɵ£ּۻ۶ûУΪһأ
𾪵ؿף֣
Լ
ճŭҲʯͿԣ
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Цˡ
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˵ˤŶȥ

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Сʱ
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ڻƣصɴϣԼԵʱѾ֮ˡ
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㿪֮󣬿ͶӰͼϢ
Ѿȡʸ񣬿ǰ׶ǣμϾ´ѧѧԺԡ
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Ȼһϵʽ͵ַ
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ƭǧ֮ĵطμӸڵԣ
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֮ͨǱ߱ʺãѯ֪ͨš
ز鿴һϢ˸֡
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诣
̷֮˸Ϣ
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׷Ƿվſڣڲϵİȫ壬ƺ׼Ъҵˡ
ϰ壡
ĳӶӰǰȻس˹ô𡣡
ţ
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ϸһƣȻȫǸֵֹľӡ
̿˿Ťͷȥһһµش壬ҶˣҲûˡ
鸴ӵվ󣬡⣬ϻ湻ḻġ
ţ
Ȼ֪Լ϶дЩʲôϣһЩɰˡ
𣿾ƾҵġ𡯡ġ𡯡ҡ𡯡ҿԵġ𡯣
üë ȷĲ񾭲ʲôԼʻ𡣡
ɡ
һưϣһŹ򣬡Ҳ߲ܵģҺޡ
诣Ҫúһ£ǶЩ·ϵĻˡ
ѯһЩ£˵Ǯ鱨ҲǲУڿԷһ⹤״̬
ֱ̾תˡ
ԭصĹӶ֣߰ɣ·˵
ð
ȥ
ǲ紩ĵ½ֵ־ӵ³²ͣĹӶЭᡣ
ȵΧԽԽ٣诲ŹĨԼʵ¡
δֱ˵ǸĪ֪ͨ飬˵Ϲļߣ
ǰ
غһɢе㲻мȤˣ
װģ룬еɣȥǸٻѡ񡣡
ϣǶ뵽ЩֲԼ̲ݾˮλӢˡֵĹ¡
Ȼⲻζȫ£ֻ˸֮ȷʵʱ侫ϡ
Ʃ˵ʮǰͻؽƸһȺĸ֣ΪȺǵĿй
׶ϵľǣȫЩǳԶĽڳ޷󼰵Ĳ֮ϡ

ֲֵ̼صͷȴȻЩм
͵弶ߣţħζ޵Ǳһǳӭ㡣
诣ӭҸʲôΪ£Ϊ𣿡
ʶһϹ
˭սǼ˵۹Ǳ۹
ټٱʹʹȥˡ
诲Ϊκ˵¡
ŪǸ֪ͨ飬ֻ֪ԼǲǱ˶ˡ
һ˵һߴ㳡ִ˶ҹ
ʳֻżߵƵ꣬·߱鲼Ÿ̯λͳͷۻĴʰ쵵ĵƹ
ƵſڻžĻƣΧŸȫϢͶӰ
ԷֿһٴͷʱѾڵʳ
ϴҲô˵
ҿİװֽʵȫš
߶ǣ㲻ʱ۵һſҲ١
ʼ磬ҿһҲ޽еĳ̶Ȱɡ
һ˵һԱһʮ־ȷرܹġҪ¿ڴ֡
ǸС͵ƺҲһգжϳ˲һ㣬ֱתĿꡣ
֮ô˵ҲΪЩ츳ǰֵܻúһЩѾǰˣҲһԣ㲻Ҫ޽еĳ̶ȡ
̱һգͷҧǩӣԥôĸӡ
Կʲô¼֮뷨

룬
ЩؿΪʲôҪ˵Σոջʲô
诽ԺЩĳ𷢹Ļɾȥ޹ڸ飬ֻԴչɫĻ롣
诣뵽Щ棬ҵЩƶˡ
ЦģʲôᣬҲȫ֮顣
诣ҾûУϲʲôͳ֮ġţȫԡ
ĻȻͣһ¡
̧ͷֶ档
ߴӵµȺһӲӵĴƵſڡ
ǰ̨ϣһȺž¿ŮϹϾߣӵмˡ
Ǽһ˵һߣͣ·̺ϵĺ
ߵò·˼״׷ױãʱʱͶȥηĿ⡣
΢΢۾Լˡ
ûС
еĺڷԣȻĶѡ
ɺشһױͦĺɫװ˿ȥӢĮһٵʯ
ĵزͷԱǼ˽
Ů̬ȶΪηƺʱʱѯ
ȴٸظֻżף˦һ֡
ȻÿӦԱǼƺֵúܼܵʲôһ
诣
еַ֣ʵҲͦġ
һ񣬷󲿷ʱʵһ𣬱˴Ҳ֪Էʲô
ҲҲйϵı£ҪշͷĿΪֱһǧְ취
诲ΪԼ㹻˽
һһֱкܶܡ
Ϊ˴еĹͣԼûҪ̽Ѱܶࡣ
ȷʵǸĺǿˣԷԸ˵Ȼ֪
֮˽ˡ
֮ҪﱸһļƻƩ˹ͨǱ߻ڶʳҪ๤ˡ
ֻΪպս׼ʼб
Լûʲôϵ
诺ܵš
ҲһֱγǵĳЩǿͷֻ֪ˣһĻҲֻǴ
课Լ֥ʿһڡ
ִ۵ţڻҺཷһ˲佫Ҹ״̬
óԡ
Ѹջ˸ոյ뷨

ԡ
ʲôᣬҲȥպᵱʵ۵Ķѡ
ǻ쵰¶񣬾ԼԷ˸Ȥһ
ϾǼһ￴ȥûˡ
߼ʹУҲԼ޹ء
诳ߣûУΪʲôô룬ѵΪϹĺϷ£ˣ

ҡҡͷƺҲ¡ɱҰɡ
诣ۡ
̲סЦˣҸоֻǶеôأ
Щѻʿ޳Ȩֵҵˣǹ͹ûģƩ˹ͨǼƩƼֵܣƩ硪
ͣ
̾еǩһӶŹҰɡ
诳Եӣմĺ̦ľ㻨ȿʼģֵܣı׼ͦߵġ
Ƕһдˡҡļһ˵
˵Ҳ߲ܡ
ƲƲ죬ֿʼɢĶӣһ˳úÿ⡢ֺܴ򡪡ֻЩͿԺһҿѾˡ
诲Ǻ
תһ룬һʶܶܶӶעĻǷעǱġ
ټϻǸʶ鱨ӣҲпܡ
诣ţǻô˵£
̣ô˵ͺܹ졣
诣ȷʵ˼
ҧǩӣɣһҹһ¡
诣Ҳ֪˵ʲôףɡ
лˣá
İõףҲһ䣬ദ
գգ۾ʲôող˵ʿ𡣡
ᡣֻǱ󡣡
ʼ磬֪ôϹ𡣡
诣ĸĲԺ鳤ĸǶǸ߼ٺͣļΪϾϹᡪ
սУҲʥĹٽħս
ȻʱǾ͹ٽڧԪ˧ϵһһεжʧʹָ
Ͻ˴ħˣΪ˱ӳԱˣԱͦϺ󣬻ħˣһһ߶
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˶񿪹ҵ졣
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գգۣⲻģ
ģֻЩϸڲͬ
ƺ֪ЩĻȴȫϿǵĹ£ӦҲЩαȽǵġ
Ҷǿ֮Ծᱻŵһۡ
ʷ˸࣬ΪǸǵɱһѪ·ϵĹ
诳˳ǣ˵ʵҲɨһ۶ѣ۶˵ûκμֵ
ЦЦǾС
ʲô˼
读ĥĻܾʲô㺬塣
诣ĳ⣿ǻˣֻðģ

Ȼܱ͵ǿߣ뵱Ļ²Ҫֶΰɣ
ҲڸԼͨĳ򣬵˹
ûС
Щؿһֻۣ㣬ռ鱨һﲢǿȥô򵥣ƢʵҲá
诣ȥҲ򵥣лл
̲ÿɷؼӦûͦоģǵĺϻǸ
Ŷ
Ȥؿʲô
üڤ˼˼ӣůļһ
˶һۡ
ȻͬʱЦ
ϲ˵
ЦˣӦðҸıעĳ
ԡÿദļһﶼᡣ
Ǳġ
ԼѾˣո˵Ҫʧ̬ˣܲһ¡
ֶľƵſڡ
ͣڿУڷվڳǰŲ복ᡣ
Աߵô¡

Щɵۡ
Ȼûж
ֻڿҵĽֵĿЩһıӰС
Χͷȥ̵ֻĲͳۻԼĴ˸Ĺƹ⡣
Ȼ̴˸
ɿŶ˳񽥽ñ䣬ƺжݵŭ⣬ֹܿƽ
߰ɡ
˵ȥǵĴ
Ǽɴ⣬Ͻ
Ȼһֱڵϳ⻰˵úµһ
˭ҲԹ


59 
ոʲô
ڵƻͨĳϡ
۽ȫϢŲʰ쵵޺, ԱĳЩ̯λϻ

诿һȭͷŷǸĻԼǮȴ³Ʒ
عͷԱߵİ׷ꡣ
û˵һ֯Ǹ֯ĳԱ, Ҫ֮Żḡֳ
̵̻سӣȤȱȱҡͷ֪ü֯
룬һҲ֪ҹ﷢, ϾǸԼмˡ
ɴ˵, , ˣϾһ, 滹һĸ, ֡
Ȼʬϣ
̾˿, ˵ʵ֪Ⱦ϶һ㣬ֲᴿ˹ϳ, Ʃһ¶¾ͻΣʬȻһ㡣
Ҳ뵽أ
ܻܵ
һ, ԽԼԼ, ڱӰ֮, Ͽܻγĳӡ, ʱһȺʱ߼, Ϊȷû˻ᱳ˳߱ĳ, ʱҲһ̶֯ĳԱ, Ŀǲġ
˼صͷ, ԣ㲢֪ʲô֯𣿡
һ֯ǵǰڵļҹǺ˾ȻͷΧ鼰棬ڸ䡪ܲӦҲǱߵˡ
ô֯ɳԱķΧҲܹ㡣
乫˾ĴٵϵİͷĿ
诣֪ҹǺ˾ţ϶֪˵
иڼҹǺ˾䴬ˣ
̽ӿڵ
诣Ҳ֪
̣֪һЩϢЩںԥ£Ҹġ
۾˵Ҿ˺ԥ𣿡
ŶȻǡ
ЩЦ˵֮ǰͰڻǵ²ˣڰߵסַ֮ģֻǽûĵص
ȥɡ
ޱشһ£ԭҵҶΪ㣡
٣
װģ첲Ҳܾŵ⣬ʱҲʶ㣬
诣Ͳˣ
̣ҿ϶ҪӼۡ
诰һۣҾ֪
һ֪ͨ㡣
̳Եһӣĺӽ䣬Ƕˣ֪ûһӵɱңô
ʶֳ˿ܷĶԻ
ʲôҪɱ
ҵѣҪǮġ
ҡҡͷҲÿ񶼽ӵģ֮ǰиҰָһС˵ҪǸСĸĸҾ;ܾˡ
ͨЭƽ̨ϲ
ǼһֻЭץס·ĹӶʾԼԸǧ飬ֻҪȥһӡ
գգۣ֪ʵҲ̫ԸЩԭĹӶΪʱɱߵˡ
̯֣㿴ɣҪɱ㣬ҿ϶ܾ

׷Ц˼ұжˣ´㻹Ҫʲôһۡ
ܾڷң㲻ҪСһͶദļһⷽǺеġ
ҡҡͷңûУӶȻְҵɱ֣󲿷Ҳڸɱ˵ĻһӶ˵ĳŵͦ׵ġ
ƨ
诺һһ㶼ûижܻͦЦġ
ҲνԷôģˣһ۾ܿҼҸ
δ䣬ȻƳϤӰ
Ȼתͷ
µȺҫĵƹ⣬췢ڽֶ棬ڹĻ·Ӱ
ۺ翿ھĻǰҵĹӰӳУڸе
Ҳûʲô
˿̧̣ͷ˹
诲֪ڿԼǿ̣߶ǡ
췢˼̣߹ӵĽֵǿ
Ϊ̫ߣ·еأȥЩۣΧ˺ܶ࣬Ҳ˻ע
мڴˣײײˤ˹ȥ
ۺûһ㣬ԹǰߣȷرܿЩԼײˡ
٣
С˸кǲǻû˵ллϴңڣţħ
̰ǣȥ֮Ǳħ֫壬Ҳñܻˡ
ۺ磺
ʲôû˵
诣ʱ˵Լ롯
Ԫܽħ״̬
诣Ѿˡ
˵˼仰ۺ綼ûʲôӦֱ˿̣Ϻ¶һͬ
Ȼû˵
̵Ŀ֮תһȦ΢΢ǣְ诵ļ
ҽһ𣿡
׷긩յ˵
ֱһЩ룬¶Ҳᴫϣֻк΢΢
ʶͷǸ䴬ĸ磬˺ˣ鷢ʲô˵𣬵Ǻûҵˡ
Ŷ
ֱλ
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ĬĬõ֣ۺ硣˵ġϾûҽܹ
ȥеί
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ۺ翴һۡ
Ҳüӡ
ۺ磺
̣һйӵĶԻ֮ûˡ
诲²Ǳ˽鱨ӡ
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ۺضȥǳˬ
һ˲䣬诶Ϊ
ϸ˼ԼӦð˭Լ˭ʵǿ
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ֻ֪ܸƩ硰ԼѾ֪ôġ
֮Ҳûб֮ˡ
һ㣬ۺҲ
读Ǿ˺ԼΪ
ô
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췢˵΢΢һ١
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ۺ磺
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ӻ֣ȻȫûȤˣˣ˵󲿷ʵǱȥѰħˡ
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󲿷ʵҲλ¡Ҹ˸о츳㹻һϯ֮ˡ
ĵ˵ȤĻȥԡ
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ٻعͷʱۺӰҲʧˡ
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һԶѵ
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诣Ҹոʮ߽Ǳߣ㱻˴ϳȻָҷΪʲôթƭŻݵӪҪԮ֮ġ
ɣ
ƺЩε̾˿
诣ûŻ㲻ҪԮ
ɲʣ㿴ұϳˣ
诺Լʱƺû߿ֻҪ࿴ۣ̻Ӧ
֪ʱԼڽֶ档
诣ûֻǿЩķߡ
Ͼͽ̸
ɵ˵ӦҲûʱȥע¡

ͷʺţҲףҪʲôĹעֲûѵҿһȺ˺һ͸裬Ϊ˱ǰιУҪһֱ𣿡
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ˮƺоƱײ
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Ȼôһ˵课Щֵˡ
诣óҲãϲѹĶЩ޺ֲܱϺʽıڸС
ĺѳԣЩԿζΪʳ˵ѷɫһЩ
ȻҲ᲻ϵΣϾڰǣĳĹ
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Ц˼ǿЦġ
ԺҪʵ۵ˣһĵᶼ̲˰ɡ
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ֱǸħˣ¶ǵѯԸԸһʽס
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ȥЩ֣ԼҲ˵ֻͽ͵ػ˻֡
ʲô
ڷ۵ϣؿһۣ˵ʲôǾʲôٶһϻ
ؿȻͷ
ܿ죬ļͷĿƺʶʲô׷׵ͷ棬װ²֪
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գһͣôˣ
ܣЦӯӯ˵˾˺̸ˣ
ʻã⻰һڣɫˣȻ޷˵ֻƴŮʹɫ
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ˣ
ڷпϣ䵭˵Цζ´λס
ŮЦ΢ʲôھȥǼϡ
ֳ˭Զģ
ûʶģҲһЩϡֲΪʳĵĲȣೢڡ
ʶԷֻ֪Ǿ˾ˣҲǺĹӶȻǲġ

ʵʲôԡ
ֻĪоꡣ
ֻһڡ
ƽɨһۣʮ߽ҹжɡ
㣡
ŮɫЩѿǲ𣿡
ԶıǶվڹ۾ϣĶԻɿǰ˼
Ǳ˱ҲߣǣȷѪ꣬һ䣬ҲľѹȸС
Ŀ˶ʶԶãҲЩµȤؿǡ
Ҳǲ
ڷ΢΢ͷ˫ӳŵƹĲûа¶Ⱥ
һ룬εľѹǱ
·һ쫷紵Ͻ׷ѣƬͬѩɢ
ͬʱ޴ѹ˶ѹöãӲſ»ǹԭء
ԼȺǵѾȫڵء
Ǳ˼Ҳ⣬ǵؿںڱʯשϣָ޷ƶ
ټĳǱУٿԼߣûܱվˡ
Ψһ˿̨Χϣ˿ھƣӵһߡ
΢΢ſ򵹵ˣЩȤؿڳҹա
һ룬ĳַӡҿһ㣬ָֻж
ãȻվƺ֪ոΪʲôſڵϡ
ǱҲԴ
ܾԼʲô£Ȼܣһк񶼺
ŮգգۣЩҲ𣬸ɾ
Ψľ˾վһߣۿ־ؿǸڷ۵ˣ񿴵ħ

ɲûϴµļ䡣
һѵڽһ㣬ʵҲǿп޵ġ
ոǸ֮ͨȻʶһ顣
ǻ쵰˵öԣԼȷʵûҪ̫࣬еĻԵζҪ˼Щˡ
ˣɻǲ뵽ƵſһĻ
˿ȥʵ̫ˡ
Ϊôһ仰ǾֵǰϣⱲûʲôЦһ
ҡ
ɺȻԽԽ

γֵҹ
ڷɴ˯ԺȻԵ𶯾ˡ
ô£
סǲв
ë
ﴫ˵ͳɤΪ˵Ц
诣ҹҳѾΪ
У㵱ʱںԱЩ˵ΪʲôҪȥ·˵ʲô


60 
ݵĳĬ֮
ɣĴ
ǳȡֵ˵
, ҵĴ
诺´һҸĵط˵㻵
ɣ
Цһԡ
诺Ȼоһϼ
쵰Ҫʱʱ̶̿Լɣ
תһ, ҲֻǷźݻһ˵
Ӿ·뷨
ⳡԻ޼ˡ
ƺʲôҪûʱ
ɺܿҶϵֻǹӰ˯һ
Զʤ˵ߣ˵Ҫ˥ˡ
诲ûж롣
ֻ俴Լ, ʶԼںԱߵ˵ʲô
˵, Ҫôַ˶ѵ˽, Ҫôַ˽Ҳν
ˡ
ҪҲٶһСʱѡ
Ҫ˼̫ˡ
һʱǸϵ, һŸÿʼ齨ԼĴ, Ȼ뵽ԼļƷ, žٴγ˯ȥ
Ҳûоȥ˼ѵĳЩֱˡ
磬ɴʱ˳ܽܽ
䴬ĸ, пǹȥĵط𣬱˵ͬࣿ
ܽܽΪʲôҪȥĵط
诣ΪʽΪҵĴԱ֮ǰҪ㡪, Ȼû뿪, ĥһĲҪôװްɣ
ɴϢԲε, ԵһȦͨ, ŷֱͨšʻҡβ, ȫͨĲҡ
ҲǴʹԱҡ
ѾռʻҵǼ䣬⻹õĲҺһ, ζܹԱ, 
ʱ
Ͼһӿ䴬ĴС
, ˯ɳˮӵж䣬Żٸһ¡
ܽܽȴȻڴ״̬װޣ
԰ǼѡһȻκϲĶ
ָָǼš
ЩҶǵ˼ĳߴ磬ֻм򵥵ĺڵϵĽ͹̨ǽڵ컨嶼ͺͺġ
诣ĻŪһǻһĴװӪٷһˮֲרøף߰ŪκϲӣŪ΢ɭֻ߻û⣬ֻҪһž͵һ
ܽܽ⻰ʼøȤˡ
۾Ҳ
װޣ
ܻ˵
诣ܺãͼᣬһЩ
ǴʹԱһ濪ʼЩȫϢͶӰҲϽۡ
诶ˢ˳
ͨЩԵڲͬĻųѰĿ꣬չ֪Χ֪ٶȡ
̷ظˣҲԸо
Ʃ뿪ظ֪ģʽĿҹӹܿ
ֻҪԼٶ㹻죬Щ֪Ŀ꣬ʻ޷
ͿȶλĿ꣬͵͵ȥб̡
ɲֹޡ
ԸҲࡣ
ȻٻӵĿ˵񣬶Щ˵ľôǿ
ɵ¼ˢSҪ
诿ʼ񣬸Լۻȼ
ûһҪ߼ǿֻ֢ǳԺıǣ׼ˢC
Bá
Ͼ󲿷ֶԹӶȼҪ񣬶CDȼֻܵBAʮϡˡ
ý̰ԼħϢϧһʱڶû»
Ҳû취
ϾֻһŰǣﲻħˣֻܴӱ𴦽ȻͬĶҲܶط
ôҪ
αߴѯʱ򣬽̲סˡ
Ǿȥϵ¡壬дҼʹûУҲܴӱ𴦸ŪֻҪǮࡣ
诣
Ǯ治̫ࡣ
ǰʹʧڣʹʱһЩ𣬵ִϣҲرԣ
οǻǿ¡壡
ʹǲȷԼĳ࣬Ҳ׵ߣϴ¡棬ֵֹܾġ
⣬ɽ볬ؿƼʵʱϽ洢Ķһ飬ûκħĴڡ
ȻҲųǶڱĵط
诣Ϊʲôô϶Ǽкϵ𣿡
ｨֲѾˣһֱⷽ⣬ħ˳£ܹħĸ֣˵ܡ
诣ǲԼ𣿡
϶ġҲȫԼˣϾ˭ԸӴԪܣðͳΪħ˵Σա
˵ԪܲԽԽã˵޵ġ
诣˵ûᵽ޵Ĵ𣿡

ںЦһҾǸ鱨ӣҪôԪʲôأҲϲܣҲҪ
诽Žɣ𣿡
ǰҵõԪܵǳս˵ǿػˣˡ
̾˿Ƕ֪Һġ
诣ܵõԪܣζŻ˹ħˣֲȱħˣȥ
ꡣ
˵˲֪֮Ŷ
ܸ
诣ĺ֮ܶ䶼ܰɡ
Цһҵˣ
ݡ
ù֡
˳˼
ˡ
һ䣬ΪʲôĶأ
Щ棬ƺûôĴ𰸣ֻҪ˵һʲô£ͻ̽ͨ
ûô
诣ɣʶܶħŻ𣿡
Ҳ˼ȻҲȷʵвٹϵ
̵˵˵һʱ䣬Ҳħ˵٣ɱħˡҪħ˵ֱȥҰ϶ó
û˵
֪ѿ϶ɱħˣҲǰˣӦüȲȱǮҲȱԪܡ
̫áҪȥ鷳
˵νóʵֻа취ˣҲҪʱġ
ô
û˵ǳˣ
û
̷ˣ˵ģҵĶѣҵİְ֡
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ûħˣҪȥѰңټƺͦæġ
课Լûϡ
ͨ׶һߣڴԼұۣϸƬָӣֱ˸첲ϵÿƤ
ڵƬͣڼ羱λֱ۶۰΢΢ͣⲿһιУָҲ쳤ִһȦĩ乳צ
ԱֱۣħıĲƬϸ̶ˡ
ֻħ
ָƬʱұϱ۵ƬȥӲļҲֱ͸еԡ
ԭƤϵ˿ȫˡ
˳˼
ֻͬʱħħΧָ⵽⡣
ֻһֻħǾͿԴָ⵽
ԪҲôˡ
Լܵõ࣬Ҳ࣬ԶԶûʲôĳ̶ȡ
诿ʼ濼ǿ¡¡
Ȼ̷ָ
Сڣôˡ
ﴫĳëڴϷء
诣ǸǸҹˣ
ͣˡ˵ɡ
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ֿɢʵˣҲʶ¡ˡ
ֽ׿ûй̶³̣Ͼ׶ݲֻͬǮֻͨݡ
诳Ĭˡ
ȻԱһȥס
ʺƭĶǼأߵ۾
Ͼþ֪ˣ˵ܼľ棬ʱǲͬҲᱻͬһˡ
¶
ȻҲñȥףҲԸı˵ò
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μնе죬ʶ̫ٺ棬˵ǿԿǡ
ȥʡ
̾˿۵ӡ
诣̾ʲôĴƤǮ
ҵ졣
Щί˵ôȻôף㱻ɴȾ𡣡
ò˵ʮ
诣ҿǱȾˡ
磬ɽ޸ɼʱȻͽӵϢ
һ񱻰ڵأԴײʯͷ߷ɽҶཬһִֻæǰס˹ľ޴ͷ
ֻ޷ٿŽ䣬ͬʱݺݺ£򦣬ۼžҪжֻ
ڵƬѸٸ˺۵Ƥ
ݱѳƬ
޷ŭһֳ²ϵĹԣһֱӻȭ¶򢡣

޵صڵϡ
ɫƬȥ
ħֻܳݵļӡ
Ҳܶʱڷʹãĺܴ󣬿ܻܶò
١
说˿鱨ӷôˡ
ﴫĳëɢǻ¡ġ
诵һӦǽ쵰Լˡ
ȻԷһֹס뷨˵ħˡ
诣ʲô
ֻ̣˵ôһ䣬˵ҵħˣϵ˳㣬Ҳû͸¶̫ϢͿ¡ʲôԹҰˡ
诣
ɿһûôôϵͨ𣿡
˸ն˺롣
ðɡ֪ˡ
û˵Լô
ųصʬصɴϣϴھɷϢǲǻħˡ
һҪȥǸħˣֻԪܺУ֪ǲİɣ
ƶû˹ġأ
˲ӡ
߹279
㶼ûеĻشƶϳæµС
279Űǡ
֪ǿСǣסغСתվĴڡ
˵ȫ˲ص233ǣϾԶԶСڴ233ǵϵܶǡ
ȻƾʲôҪôأ
ƾʲôҪֱߵ£ֻΪԼȷһħ˵Ĵڣ
ˡ
ûٻظ
صЭύ񣬵ȼ׷ʬ֮ڴһȦûʲô
诺Ȼֲĸо
°룬ü۾ͬʱע˷Ȼе½ȥ
һ·ûڸԼ
ֲĸоȴһֱӰΡ
ܸ
˵ĸ֣ڱ׷λʱӦ
课ԼҲνĸӦ״ֻ̬ǲ֪ʲôڿԼ
Լʲô
õʲôϢ
ҪҪԸЩ
Ժ˲両ֳֿԣǱ߱߸̷˸Ϣ
ƶû˹ġֵܣǲΪǮʲô
˲ӣ鱨ӵĻظ١
ڲ͡
ڲ͡ҲҪɱС
ֹʮӡ
ڲ͡ɱͱһĻɱҲС
ƶû˹ġˣΪǮʲô
ص㳡ϣ·̵һõ廨ɫĲֽװʺۺ۰׵ĻŴشأɷǺÿ
ٴλص½֣ȥǼҽֽӻ̡
װģ
Ųسţûҡ
׷ڹ̨Ϸ̧̧ȫϢ۾ţ
请գۡ
ðɡ
̾˿ȫϢ۾ֱֽҲһߣվſֱۣҺ㣬ҳϡ
诰ѻʼԹԼԼЭƽ̨͡
Һôߡ
ŭ˵ʲôͥìҪȥɱԼɷӵ񣿲ΪںǼǮɣ
ԴϾЭƽ̨ǵĿܾ⣬άȱǩҲ̫׼ȷ
Ƕ˵˰Сʱٴƴʹɫ
ЦЦٸƼɣиҪڣҪעӶڳͣһ죬Ȼȥ221ǣǱ߱ҶˣҪ
诸˸Ĵָ
ȫУȥ񣬻ƭԼˣǿһ㶯֡
ȥġ
ߵſڡ
׷ɢɢظ˳Ҫ𡣡
诼װɵصͷҪ쿴ˣ
û˿ǰŮһֱӸ쿪ֱۣסĽСĹӶ
ҺܿҲҪȥһ263ǡ
Ⱥ߸һͷҪ࣬ɽ°ѹŮĶͷϣһ˵ʱҪСĵŶ
š
诿ҪЦˣֻܰԴ꾫ݵϣŬס顣
˷ֿ
ſڣźڷŮıӰԶȥϻ¶ֲᣬȻ̵תص
ûãӻſںȻ˼Ӱ

读ûߵԼϣյһѶ
ϣҪһСʱϵꡣ
Ȼ󸽴һẔ̌廨Ƭ


61 
Ϊ˷ֹ͵, ϵ½ֵǰæչһܽܽ
Ȼͬ⡣
ǣڽԼΨһĴԱ, 诹ȥԼĵص㡣
Ҫһ
ָĵص㣬ڳһĳΧһƬϡּ֣һĺӵ, ԶԶˮ
ûѶʱҵǷꡣ
ڸߵ, ˮ, ҹɫԵɭ
߿߽ƾɵĽ
ĴڷһЩʩӺ, صĽƤˮ, ڻ谵һϢľ
׷걻, Ǳ˴һ㣬Դһ, ¶ͲϻһЩ᲻ص˺ۡ
诽ס࿴ۡ

иֳһΡ
诱ΪǸ֣ʹץҲֻϷ
Ȼڿ̶ֳȵ϶ûϵ, Ȼûôǿ
ҲֻһԪ, ˮƽǳޣ߷ǳ
Ͼ˵ΪǮɱͱԼһ֮Ļ
诲̫ȷš
ϾֻҪħ˾õԪ, Ĳȱ汾ħ, µѶȻҲ̫ߡ
Ȼ, Ҳֻһ㡣
ϾǽǮףҪǮġ
ҽΪԪܵ, ʹܵҲͦȥ, ܱץܽܽҪá
, ԣû˵Ƕ٣ҲǲҪǮˣ
诿˿̣ƿߣĺ󷽣ںڰеļӰ
ȷʵ
һشʵֻм㣬ҵĺֶŮ
ϹãȻӿɱ⡣
Ȼճ
һڰ಻סߺǷϵ֪ͨйϵ
Ʃ˵
Ǹ߳Ӱ
úװƤЩ԰ףɫҲ̫ÿ
㻹ǵ˭𣿡
źʼ磬ҼԲ̫ã̫Ҽǲסˡ
𣿡
ϸֳЦ
վڽһ˵һ̧֣ڰ׷ļϡ
ֱԴԴϵİѸٽ̵İӸ
̻ڻУ˿ȴʼҵز޷ܺһ㣬ֱϸֳ첲ʵʵض
诱ɫ¶һֽӣȵȣ֮£Ҫǣˣճ
Ȼǵá
ҧҵĺֶŮʮǰ㶼ǵɣ㸸׷й˾Ų
Ǳҵģ
װŭ˵ҵһУѵҵķӡҵķɴҵĹɷݡҵĹ˾
ģ
ճ﷢ЦҸĸĶֻǽЩ磬ĸףֻΪ꣡
գգ۾ѵΪܱǿƷ𣿡
죬ˣ
ճܡʲôҵʤǧ򱶣ֻǸαƶĵļһЬ䣡
ŶȻǹҵķɣ㸸ĸȨԼŲκ˰Ǹ磬Ǹ¶Ժֱߵ˹Ǿǲ㣬ô죿
ЦЦ˵Ŷˣ㻹ԺĴ磬һ
ճɫ˼ΣֳָŪ֮ɫǺûйϵ
ոճ嶯˵˼仰͵ڶһĻ¼Ǿܳϵġ
ôţ
ԹԵ˵ʲôߣй˾ЩѾҵˡ𣬼ˡ
Ȼ˾ͱˣɴѻ˵Ҿһս
㣡
ճʱŭҿǲˣ
Ǵʹˣ
͵ָ߬
ϵİ׷ȫסֱֱۣӱ

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𣿡
ޱؿܿŭ𣿲ҺҵץĥĻҳ游ĸΪʲôѡְֶ㡣

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ȻûϹѧﳤ󣬵Ȱ˵ӣĴС
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˵Ѿյ֪ͨ飬ûȥǱԣȥҲֻΪֹʱ仹һӡ
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οһﻹǵСʱ£ռҲʲôţҲйСļ䡣
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һӣһֻǮİǹӶֱӽħ˵Ҳȫ˵ùȥ
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ˡ
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Ӷֱ߽ű߶żתĵȦ߻вϴӿɫ׹⡣
ЩѸǿ׵ڵͱǽϣ˲佫صıըķѡ
һߴһܡ
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ܴǼƬƶϳֶŮһ
Ѱ벻ΪûǷȥ˼
ȻЩˣǴϾȡ˼ͬ࣬һʱµࡣ
ֻ޸ߣԶ߸ֻӵһõһҪʧȥһ
ճ˵ҲҲƣңҶߵǿȣԭһģһҿֱϼǿ
Ҳµˡ
֪ճճơճճʾǿ֮ʱƵĲ롣
ڿճǶճԵ
ȻճǵУǱճɱճδҪɱ˲ܼ̳
˵ѡһʩԼȻֻҪǲɱģᱻȫתƣ
ȻҲųǵǼм٣ߵʱճҲװǵȵȡ
ΣֻܵõһǱܵõ˵϶Ҳеơ
ԼƵҪͷʼϤһʱܴﵽԭ˵ˮƽûм޴ڡ
ȴ෴һõ˵ܣȫ̳ԭ˵ǿȣܼ
ΨһĲôǣֻһܡ
򵥶ԱҲӣΪʱճ
⣬ճõĶǶߡ
͸ƵĲɴˡ
ġ
ճЦʹʲô˵Ҳа취Ūף֮һжܣ
Ŵûйϵ
ƵĻֻƭƭЩˡ
ճǳ
һжΪԸ
ǰСҲһ̰С֪㡢Żӵ
Ǿ԰
ڷӶ̧ͷѵĿӵһߣ¶һ˫貵
ۿӯ˲õɫԡ
ţһ׹ĩµ񷣣Ӷᴩɭ֡
ҵһֱ鲼УľһĴǵĦļ졣
ԭȶı׷飬ɭİɫ˪Ҳ˻ҺڵŨ̡
ճڵϲϳ鴤š
˫ȼѾȫ̿Ҳ޷վ
ΪΪʲôҪϻΪʲôҪ浶ǹĸһ
˹ͷȻҲΪ˵ҲмֵģҲͦܲõ
սҪ㼸⡪
ǵԷҲǶߣҪԼľܣֻڶԷ״̬¡
δ䣬ճٿȻ˪
Ұ׵ı˪˲串գۼ䣬һУȱ˫ȱܳ
̿
Ԫػ
ţɢֱʧڵϡ
诲ִתִһʹ
ճ±۳ñֱӿ֡

ΪߵĹǿ⣬课սȴδ֮֫ʹ
ıһ˲Ŀհס
ճЦ˹ҿ弶ߣսļ
ٴλкХһ̣бӳ
ͬʱ课ֱײ˹ȥ
ճгɱ⣬㲻ΪбºͬھɣѾԪػ
е׵ֱۣȻѵıܿ¾ۺϣ۳µ֫塣
㿴𣿣Ԫػ
һ˵һ߿诱նϵȱڡ
ֱ˿̣ѾȷԷδħôʤѾˡ
读ûʹƩǸֵֹĴ룬ճͬʱʹöδؾͻս
ҲҪ
Ԫһһ״̬ͷ׵ǶԵģЩʵûʲôá
Ҳס
诿ʼĵغˡ
ճﲢû׷ȥ
ΪԼƭ͵ϮĻᣬ¶ԷҲʲôɱﵡ
Ӷ˳ʮ׵ľ룬ʹش˿
ǿΪʲô㻹Ҫҵҵ֮Ҹõıѩͻʧɡ
ΪҼˣ
ճصҲʧȥҲӵ

ϵʹѸˣðɡ
ճ
һһˣҿܻҪлл㣬Ҳͻ˼ޡ
ѵڵϣ׿ڴ¶ʯûˣҲǡ
һ룬˻˰׹⣬֮ʸ㴩ɭ֡
â֮ľ׷״ۡ汻ĦĻҡҷ
ٶж죿
ճûüӦ۵ĵâѾϮǰͬ⵶ͫס
ǿҵķѹɢ
Ӷ׹и֣Ȼһȭᴩؿڡ
㲻Ϊˡ
ճЦһ߬ס˶Էĸ첲
ܹԪػߣ±Դܺܿ츴ΣԷ־ٶڳͷ
Ȼ˳ƶԷֱʱȴ鲻ԡ
ǹᴩԼؿڵĸ첲ƬܲͣⲿаĹǴ̣Ȼ֫塣
㡪㣡
ճҵز
ڷţؿڴ˿Ǻڶ㣬ȫ
诳ֱۡ
ճſָѻצܸźָۣȻǲϵѪ
Ѫ
ոѾԪػ˵Ѫܱǿƽˡ
㡪
ճﲻŵؿǡħ
ֱϵĺѸȥ±˹覵Ƥ
ͬʱ˻ĵУһֻҲ˳
ټ
Ӷͷ
ճʬ嵹˵ϣؿƿĿܱѪܷڣֺɫѸΧӿ
ֱ鲼ȫ
Ȼʼá
ɭȻȼŻ棬ĴԭȽ͵¶ȥЩҲڲ
ȫõ͵ϵཬҶΪһ塣
Ȼ˵޷ɱԪػҲᱻħ
תףҹɫеĳ
Ȼٴλһ׹⣬ֱ볧֮ڡ
ڳڲԭڽߵˣԶһ׹ƽ
ǸոշҪ
׹
ûٽʡֱӺľսپħɷǡ
㶨
ڽ̵Աߣ㻹𡣡
š
׷شֿ˿Լʧȥֱ۵λãҪҽƷѣҵľʧ
У㿪ۡ
ͷҾͰ仰ɣʶܹö֫ߡ
ǵȻ
վ
诿˿ɢⶫôסģ
һ˵
̿˿Աߵصˣ廹Ǹ֣ܵҲܰץģŶԣǻһЩͬ
诳˳ǣӦڿոҵķɴأһһǽضȥ޻ˡ
˵һ¡
ˡ
诳˼ճһֱĳҵ鱨Ҳ˵ԲҶ۲ҡ
ճһһЩ֤ݣƩ˶ȻԴ۳
ƶϵòȫȷ
ʲôƩ鱨ӵݣ
诵˵Ҫȥˡ
һЩ²⣬Ҫһʱȥ֤ʵ
°ͣҲңһҳġ
߰ɡ
ƺиȻȥơ

гոۡ
һΪ׸ŵ䴬ϡ
Ϣ׵ظֳһӰ
Χ߷׷״ת
ʲôˣ
Ϊ׵ճ﷢ϢҲת
ϢһƬǽ壬ܴƷĹӳϤҩƷӵõǡ
м䷭ɳԱߣһ˵Ӱ
Ǹڷ괩ųɫ£Ű߻棬ֻ¶һ˫۾
ɨյˣͺ񿴵һȺϡ
ӶѵǸϻˡ
иȷӦʼµشǣ벻ҵĺãᣬⷽ浹һ֡
ڷĿٿȻɨ

ֻоʹɴߵĻҲӡ
̫ˣǸ鱨ѣ϶ѾһµˣֻЩ¼ӵİһ𡪡

ɻ˻֡
˵͵رը
ŨҵѪϢң˵Ѫӵһֱƽ컨壬ѵǽϣֻ䡣
༸߾ӶҪˡ
ճһֶӣҲļߣԪ࣬ǿȺԶѰ߿ɱȵġ
Ȼһ˲ͱɱˣ
ɫҰס׷ҪܣȴתûüҲըһѪ⡣
˭һҲܾģ
غʬĲֳŭ

ڻسǵ·ϣ诺Ȼӵ˶ѵ
ʲô
ɵʵ
ڳ⣬ôˣ
֪ڳ⣬ʵʲô

课ЩĪҸոմ˼ܣе¡
ʲô£
ɷʵԼ𣿡
诣


62 
ðɡ
说Ųµʲôˡ
ǵѺԼͣλ, ֱ˲ƵԼĴˡ
诣㲻æôȻ뵽ܻˣ
ɣôԼˣ
ĿȻʮ䵭, ȫо
ͺһᳰ˵ʱ
诣ǲҴϣҴûȫը
ɣȥ֮ǰһ⡣
˿
ȺͶûѴڵ̫ҡ
诣Ҵͻȥʲô£Եȵ˵Ŷ, ʵҲмʻȨ, еĻֱӿȥ, ҾȥǼң¼ġ
Ȼ⻰ʵֻһ˵
Ҫȥʲôѵ, ȥĺ֡
λ˼һ, ӱ֪иŮѻѵϢ, ϶ô
ˣǿ϶ҲЦǡ
Ȩޣ
ظһ飬ºһ
, ԰
ֵ˵㲻ǿҵĴ𣿡
Ǵļʻϵͳ
аɣ֮ҰȨ޸, ɨɨĤԡ
˵˵ͣһ, 㲻ұϵͳ¼Ķ԰ɡ
ɣ
ȻҶˡ
诣
诲źۼؿ˿ԱߵĽ̡
ڷ, ڸʻ, ˾ܽ, ֻҪЩߣղǷԻ
Ȼ׷ûйͷ㿿λ, һöģ, ûаҪ˵˼
²۸ղǷԻˡ
Сʱ, 诲̫ؿŷλͣгһ½ڡ
ӶЭڵλúԶгһߣ̲̫Ϥ
һʦö֫
ȻƣƩ类ƵĶߣܿܳܲס֫Ĺ̵ȵȡ
ȱ첲жҲû̫ƣڵʲô쳣
˲紩Щ΢ĵ½ֵͣĳ̨׵ڴ
쳤¿˿ֻһƬӰеڣԶŸƶûС
诣ԾǸ½ĵ£
źߡ
Ӧһ͵ɣĻΪҳӵġ
ȷ𣿡
诿˿䣬ǵð˵ҡ
ҽ˵ԼǮҲˡ
ģԲһǮġ
˵
诣
һ
诺ԥתˡ
ûп뿪ʮԶ֮󡪡
׷곶˳յ䣬ɿĲѸٱڴҲ޳԰׵ָ
̾վڴ
˼ػعͷĳһ
ȻƵ½ȥתսǣһͬ
̽Ųͣǰֱ崩ͶӰαװǽ棬ʧС

ͬʱ诽ͣڳĹ·
ǰϡͺɽ֣ԼԶһ޾ԭҰֿ˿ͼȷ
һ룬ӶӰȻҫ׹⣬ͬɵ㾶ֱɽ֡
ȻַӹããҰ
·ֻһŵĹ㣬ȥʱѾκӰ
诺ָо
оԼһֵ״̬
ǸܲĴڣǴԭȵĹ񾭱ĳָ΢ᡣ
Ӷƿ˵״̬˽иӾȷĿơ
ҲѸ١
˵ʶͬʶˡ
诺ٽиˡ
ƬãԭҰϣ۵ĵȻֳֹͣΡ
ԶʯԼ鲼ɽϵĻҰݣʱ̵ڶ
һ˲䣬·𶼱

Щƣڵϣʵճ
Ԫػȷʵܴ
ֻǶݵһСʱ䣬оҲսСʱһ
ΪʲôճٳٲԪػˡ
սʹõĻ³Ų˶ã˵зԼħȴװûС
һ˿ͼ꣬ٴζˡ
ִλڳվʱѾǰСʱ
ɴͣڲλϣԱŻڲŴվԶԶš
վԶ˼ӣֱعͷ
飬ɿ϶֪ˣֻǶһֱԶеĪ
ûֱ߹ȥֻȥϰҪ˵һǳ鴤
Ϊʲôôߣ
˵ְըضǣ
ɣ
Ҳ²̬ˣ״ֱӵͷԡ
ɴӣȻؿڣҪ̫Ž̡
诸뵽˼᲻ѵ£էһ䣬Ц
ɣڮ

诺ЦҡͷΪʲôô˵
΢΢ü˵ȴ̯֣ұûô
գգ۾ô㻹Ʃ粻Һ֮ģ
ؿҶ˽Ȥ

ղɲôֵġ
诣´ξͱһһ˵ˣҲġ
΢ȴҲֻޱؿ˵Ŀ˵𣿡
С
诹ջʣ㲻Ҫľκй˽¡
ɣʲôëҪװ£
诣ʲôëҪ
һԲض
诺ȻʶԼȻ򲻹һҲþƾӵԪػ㹻ܡ
诣Ҹо˸ң˻̽ңҲ¿ճﹷǽˣ蹷ˣ֮ץܽܽҪЮң͸
û뵽ճҪĿǻԼ
ΪǺϵ֪ͨйأճԼȥŲ֮ģҪôճ׷ħ˴ԡ
Ǹ˵ֵڣճ˵ǮδòֱߵʽûͲ˵ˡ
Ҳʱ򵽵ġ
ɵЩ΢
߼˵ѡ̵Ҳûʲô⣬Ͼ˻治̫ࡣ
ճһ˽ǰ£ǾȥץAӶʡ
诣Ҳ֪Ǵõ鱨ҿ϶ĵһЩƬ֤ж
һ˵һͣһ£ȵȣΪʲô˵Ҫѵǽ̰ҵռң
΢΢ҡͷ
˼̵Ԫܡ
֪ܸӦڵԪܣͷ֪У˵̫ࣿ
ɳĬ˼ӣ˵ȷʵࡣ
붮Զһ˵Ǻܶܶ࣬ൽ˼𣿡
ɲÿɷصϵͣǰħ̶Ⱥͳʱġ
ֻҪʹħǡ
诣ţ
ħΧͳʱԪܾġ
ԣ
ܸоڵԪܣԱˣ̴ǰ֮䡣
诣
üһ
û뵽
ǸӻϷļһȻǸǧڵĸ֣
ѣҲûڰбѵ֡
бһǵǣ඼ζĴţЩɱЩǹӶЩ˵ǵ
ЩƬûУֻģἰЩᡣ
бҲֻдŵ״̬
ȻҲһ棬ڵ
ԼʵҲûǱ׼
͵Ǽչ¶ʵġ
һʵĸ֣ǹɱһˣͷβû¶ܣǴҲֻ͡
ͷܸܵ˵ľʵȻ󲿷ˡ
ԵӾԼ
ݼҷǸͲ
诣⵹Ҳ
°룬ζĸ첲Ժܿ쳤ϾҶ
ɺȻ߬ס󣬡ʲô
Ȼ̧ͷ
ڷ΢΢סϸǵָʶһЩĸ첲˿ˣ
诣
ͨˣ¹ͷҪˡ
ʹ΢ֻһ㲻ʶѡ
λƤ覣û˿ٺۡ
ֻЩĪ
̧ͷ˫űϢϢѹȸ
诺Ȼʧ
ûжϸ첲
Σ诲һԼ֡
ɿȥ𰸡
û˵ʲôֻǵͷָסϣǰݵơ
ŮָϸǽÿƤ۹⻬覴ãǴδĥ´ݲС
һ弶
ɵȻ
ƺ̼䣬ʲôû˵
Ҳ˾С
˵ʵҲѵδ
ȻûжֶϽţи˺͹۹ҲǼҳ㷹ʱκá
ͼ˵ˡ
诳Ĭ˼ӣʵ޷ԷΪֻ˶𰸡
诣Ǿұһƽƽ弶߿ֺܴ𣿡
ճﲢħ˵Ҳûë
ɣĴҲֹһ
诣Ŷ㲻ӦϰΪ𣿡
û˵
һ˲䣬ĳЩ΢ɻ󣬺ԼԼЩʲô
ٴθֳǸ뷨
ĺס
ðɡ
诹ĵ˵ܸҵģôΪʲô㻹Ҫʶ
Щ鱨ӡ
ɺ˵ûˣ֮½⻹ǿ׵ģҶûʲôǰʲôϵ
ֻܸһ鱨ֲ̣һԼ
С
诹۲ı飬˵ȷʵĳˣʲôݵֻͨʲôǿĳˣ˲Ը¶ݡ
ɣ
ɤӣ֮ģʹҺһҲκ鱨
ɣ
ȥЩ
žǱڴмֵϢȴһϻ
Ƴһۣ㡣
ҲʮĮûаŭ⡣
ֿʼԼˡ
㣿
ͽ̽ѣ
˿ǰԼ
诰˿
йˣ
Լⷽ澭ޣżжʧҲ
˵
诿˿ԶϴɴĻǣһʱû˵ֻþỺΣϴʱе㳤ȻְЩըضǰɣ
ǵռҵˣԼǶԼܴ˵ʲô˵ĻҲ
ǱͿǵĹӶ
ɣΪһŭǲɱˡ
ҲҪ˲ɱˡ
ϾЩ˵˵̫ˣ֮ҲͲҪ̫
ɣ
̫ͬѵ˵
ɣȷΪĴ̫ˣ㴬ɨػûС
诣ɨػҲŪɾЩѪ͸ʬĶ
ָԳĬ˼ӡ
诣Ǹˣ
΢΢ҡͷ²żȥһҲˡ
诲е棬ȻӶԷϸ˵ðɣȻ㲻˵ҾͲˡ
ɣĿҲ˵ûʹʲô
请ô£ֻ˽ҡ
ֱӴ֪𡣡
գգֻۣҪ㲻˵Ļ֪˻Ǻͦصġ
ֱҡ
ɵ˵κ¶С
诣Ŷ
ֹˡ
ս
һ£˵ڼල촬
ҪҧĽֵĻǵġ
诣Լû˵
ֱ仰ڸķһҺܶ촬˾ۻ˺ܶ൥ӣҲôãҺЩŵġ
诣Ҳ˵ġġӦǰɱϴԣ
Щ˶ʶʱ񡣡
ɿһۣƺ΢΢´ǣֻҪ֪ǲˡ
ðɡ
üΪʲôΪ㲻ȱɴ
ȱ˽õķɴ
ͣͣΪ251ǵ񡣡
诶ӡ˹ͨҪôʯĳʽٻħˡ
Ӧ̵ָħˡ
ҪǸħ˶Ի
˹ͨĻǾֻкǶŸˡ
ɣ˹ͨºӣǻɳռߣʱ򶼻ǵƿ֮¡
诣ҪսǶԺ䣿ѵǻӻ־ܰзɴը̻𡣡
ɣʲô⡣
ٴͶɵӵߣҪô
诺ܿҲˡ
诣ûкʹɡ˹֣ͨ
ɫƽýҲ֪ҶԣǼǶûʲô𡣡
诣Ƕɱ㣬Ƿ
Һǲࡣ
ʮֱ׵˵Ӧ˭ɱ˭
Ȼ
˹ͨøǰĸ֣ǵĴɣǾǼġ
ĳ˵Ѿֵ۷ˡ
ɺʹɡ˹ͨʵѹߣôͲ׵˹ͨ塣
˹ͨвȫҲܶ鷳
诣ԣҪŪһ֧ӣȺǴһⲻдаɣ𣿡
һȺǵǱɫݾС
üһ
ִαװ
诣ǻΪ˹ͨ𣿻ٿˣ
к֮ܶͽûô˼ɡ
ɿһֻۣҪ㹻ʹûʲôġΪʯŵķɴûٹ𣿡
Ҳǡ
诲²Ӧиµļƻˡ
һ￴ȥͦţȻõ͵ʱ൱͵ʱʱ̶ֵ̿޼ɵ
֮⣬ǻһԴʵšʹҲûϵҺǿ˾͸ɼܡ
οӿ¡Ĺ̡
诣ҪһȺֺһѷɴαװ·Ǽʺȥǣ˹ͨĽӡ
źȻ˷ܷܲһҽػͻκսܵĿ촬õҲУһûԹ̫ɴأ
ɣֻᱻ˴򡣡
ѽһ죬һΰͰ򣬴㴬Ǯ
诱첲Ҵ
ɣ
诣үġ
ɶֿţֻ˵˹ͨҪɱħˣ϶ɸҪȥס
诣
һ˲䣬뵽ǰȫϢӰ
ڴɡ˹ͨапȥǳŵԼֵġ
诣ţ
С˫˺񶼱ݹ
ɶʱֹס˻
ѹסǻĪķ꣬سˣӣбס
û£ʵҲò̫
诺٣ǡ
Ҳĵܵǣǡ
ʮ˵
ȻŶѸʧȥȤ¶һզզصӣɡ
ɣ
ĺһﶾһ١


63 
سǵ;, ɾʧˡ
诲ǻȥ๤ȥЩǵˡ
˳һ䣬ϻûħ, õһĪ
ðɡ
ȻǸƭӡ
Ҫô˵ǸħѾˡ
ڿոͣ请˸Ϣ˳ֵǧǮССľ·жϢҵĲ輸
֮, ˫ֵ̥˲š
ллǰչܽܽ
说½ӹ, ѸٽԼĴԱ˳
Ȼַʽܽܽ, Ȼܲס̫ܻ࣬˶, ֵʵȻ, Ҳܺߵĳ̶ȡ
ܽܽǻȻ⡣
վڵ϶˶֦, εƬҶӣȻֵܻزˡ
ûʲôһڴʲô˴һء
½Щź˵, ϧûС
Ƕˣʱ
ȥֵڴϡ
Ǹ, ԡ
ȻǼͬʱ˹ȥ, ڸֿըʳ
Ա°, һһЩ, ȻᵽۿԲĿ֡
ʲôʱǺǺܶӡ
Сͷ, ȻҶΪҺǲࡪҲﲢûӪҺˣ
ڵġ
ֵͬ˵
½˵ͼͷйͷ
½һ˺⴮һ˵ӪҺѵӦƷ𣿳ζ, ҾԲ
诣
˿оء
ֵ˼µĹӶ, Ҳ˲ٳ, ԲȱǮ
ǵ̻ʲռˣȫֻӦ
课һ߿ţҲû˿ͲʣȫΧΪ
ע⵽ųžͰЩзֳѣÿֻԼǰǶµʳȥһ˸Щ
Ȥؿǣʳ޵ĻǻΪԵĴ𣿡
Ȼ
½ԥػش𣬡ǴС򵽴󣬹¶Ժζ򻵹ÿζΪԵģдҸҵĶҧŶȵȣΪߡ
½ר־ͷһȹǣ̵ֻؽһ䡣
ΪԼҵġ
٣ҵǸˡ
诣
Ѿֻˡ
ɤӣˣ֮ǰΪҵĴԱڻ뷨𣿡
ֵˢˢعͷ
˫ɫӣûĻʽǷ룿
̫ˣ
½ӿ˹
Ķ첻㹻ķӦʱ䣬Ҳû㣬ֻЦеſֱۡ
Ȼ¼ĴԱסһѹɳϣͷ˲䡣
ˡ
ûʲôʵ𡣡
С
½ûмⳡӭʽֻԱ˹ز죬Ϊʲôڣ
½Ҳƶţë޵βɳϣʱʱμ¡
ΪҿܾҪڸˣƵɴ
诺ܳϿҵ˵ʶҲֻһԱĴܡ
ܽܽӲſ֦̽ڽ
读عͷܽܽĲңǸûԣװģΪֽ׶㲻޴ҲῪ
ܽܽؿƺ״ΪʲôҪǸ
֣㲻˯Ļǣͬ£һӭǵļ롪
ܽܽıܹϸ֦쳤ɳϷ
诼򵥽˽ܡ
˹Ҳû̫罻ʶֻǿ˿¼ĴԱ¶˵ӭ
½΢΢ͷ
лл
½ӻצӡ
ˡ
说˸ָ˵һ
иϻˣϴκһȥ̾˵ļһ
诿ֵ֮ЩԼ˵ףҪһЩ£ҺܿҪˡ
ɵĹӶȼܿҪˢSˡ
诣ҪʼԼ£˵ȵȡ
ڽİװϹȫϢͼͶӰǡ
ֵܶ켣ڴϣһ۾Ƴʲôʱչһװ
˺ܿװ겢̶
׵ͶӰ̨Ϣм䣬֮гʼ
еС
½̫ȷ˵֮ǰڴϼЩСҲ߰׵ֱ
ֳԴÿҴ
ϢҲֻпĳߴ硣
٣֪ⲻʲô󴬡
ͶӰ̨д󽢵ģ׬ǮǺܿģǲʲôΥɵ⣬ҲÿǱ׷
ֵԼͬؿ
诣˵
ʼ֮ͶӰǿʼԶظͼݡ
ܿ죬һƬάͶӰϡ
233򼰹ϵǡ
ԶǺš涴ʯӷ籩ֺ򣬶ע
̫ﻹب糺ߡƣϤչͶӰС
诿˿ʵʱµļ¼ֶԱһγǵǺţЩԤֺ̫бעͶӰС
ˣû⡣
˼ţѡе죬ʱ䣬ҪȥЩطѰħˡչħ˵֫塣
½Ҳǰħ˵˵ܸߵļ۸Ƕʲôã
诣Ҫһ䣬˵ǰڴϵʱ򣿡
ߡ
ðɡ
ʧ֮ħڲƵ£Ըһк״ħˣǰ״̬ܴܵõħ˵
оʲôԭҲö֪
Щ˵Ʋ⡣
Ʃ˵ԪܵĴڣЩ֫帴ħˣЩħʵԪɵġ
һܵ𻵣ԪܾͻйǸħ˺˵
ȻлЩ˲⣬˵±Ͳ߼ȥ˼
һһ߽ôͷն˵˳
ֵȥĶ
ȻҲûиħ˺ʵȫǵġ
ڵĿ𣬴
½˿ȫϢͶӰҪȥЩħ˳û߿зħ֫򣿡
诵˵ͷȻͬʱҲҪ׬ǮΪҲһħˣʱ»Ҫ
ͣһ£˵ԼҲǵǮҲ׬Ǯķʽ˶ƷͻˣȻҲǻЩ
һĳǾһǮ֡
ֵš
⣬£Ҵκ𻵣һ͵ȥޣûҪ鷳ˡ
诵˵ԣʲôҪĹߺƷи嵥ңֱӰ˵ҡ
ǻԼ㶨ģҪǮ
½ЦĴԱκһάҴЩˣôġ
ðɡ
ļ򣬡ôκʱκεص㣬ж֮⣬ǿκ£ǰǱӰָʱļϣңԼİȫΪأǵԸ˵ˣǵúҡ
˵ʵ课ԼǸó쵼֯ˡ
Ϊķȥǳ֧飬Ҳ̫к
Ȼ½ֵȴƺΪ
׼ȷ˵Ǻһ仰
ǲ鷳ġ
½˵Ҹ˵仰
ΪǱ棬ǻ˵´ܣǵǵˣͰǹص˩
½˫۾˵Ǹˣ
诣Щˣܴ࣬൱б̫ˣʵʺҸûʲôϵ
ν㡣
½˻βͣͷĶҲ֧øֱˣǴųҲ㡣
ͷǺܺãǾ͹ˣǷȡԴôǺʲôϵأҲں
ۡ
Щؿ̲ס֣˻ҰɫĶ̷
ֵ¶ܸߣ΢սůĸоָ뷢ͬС¯
½˶䣬Ҳʶ䴬֡
½ܵؿǣΪޱʾֻǶ࿴˼۴֡
诣Ȼôе٣㲻ֶɡ
Ϊʲô᣿
½ֵؿǰڹ¶ԺʱԺĹԱôġ
诣
Ȼıͨġ
ʶ½Ҳ𣿡
ĬĬԱߵȫϢͶӰһֱΪһġ
诲̫ȷ֮ǲ˵ΪֵǹҲѡ
诳Ĭˡ
ˡ
½װķУ񾭹ôһζݵ̸ļкʳ»ˡ
ҧɾ⴮˻ǩӣҵǸıĳߴҪ͵Ļһҡ
ʮֳĽϸǩһӱ˷ĳȣȻ͵رǻȥ
ţ
诸ոտһƿơƣ״һ٣Ҳǰ봥ʹ
½ͷ׶ԣҪƤӴ
诣𣿡
һӦǣùλǳڽս
Ҳ̫ȷ
½ҡҡͷĿԽԽҷԽԽǣ˻ᶯ͸ˡ
ʾԼԹսʹȻҲϡ
诳һǿԣ㲻ϵĻ
Ҫġ
նȺǺܸߣܹĳ̶ȡ
诿һԱҼǵܵ˵ӰӲƷ
½΢΢ͷҿԸдг򡣡
ʲô𣿡
һ֮ڡ
Ҫʵ壿
졣
ûб𣿡
е㾪ȣǿԻְţӰ찲ȫϵͳЩͷ
Ȼո½ᵽ͵¡
ֵǺںϻԡ
½˸ƣôˡڱȺǵץס֮ǰһǵĴͨȥܶطҪҸ硣
ͣͣĶǵǹӶȥ͵
½ʾλֵܣ԰ǿ
˵ǳΪŶóˣһǲˣҲԼ
½Щ˸е˵ȻĴԱǣЩǵǻûô⡣
诣
֪ôӦ
诣νġȥ̫ǵѵ
Ŷǣֻ鲻˾ͻңߴҸ磬ǵĲҽС
诣Ҳ̫ҷҲҴԱ¡
ʵҲᣬΪǲΪǴԱֻԤԱߴӵġ
½ʼ磬Ǹ˵֤ԼļֵʱŻῼǳΪԱ
诣
оǱPUAˡ
诣ðɣǾЩ£ϾĴԱǵɱˣˣ԰ɣ
˱ʾȷʵˣĴԱҲлģܶұֵûôߵġ
ǵϲͣΪǱȽϺֵġ
Ȼֿʼ˵ЩĴԱҪ½˵ϲؽ˺ܾá
诱ΪǻѯԼ
Ȼֵƺû
˵Ϊ׵磬ѾûҪˡ
˵ĴԱֿʼҴȱЩʲô
ǴӸ̸ֹˣȻڻͺŵѡִ
ǸִҪ˵ʼԷ﷢
˹ĿռվȫϵС
䴬ǿռվǵĴҲǻ˹˾ԱζŻֻѷǴٻ
诣٣ǲǵҲǡ
ֵͬʱͷ
诣ұ֤ҲȥٿʹȵȣҲܱ֤ŵĶԶġ
ֳֵ
ЩͷʹһΪǵһγܻѡλ֮ģҰ̫ˡ
Ȼǵֹͣˣٴˢˢؿ˹
̯֣Լȥȵȵðɡ
ֵͬʱ˳ȥ
ǵȥѾƵķˣֵܿǮʱˣ
Ϊʲôң
Ϊ㽻Ǯ

˿ԱãȻΧ۵˹¶һ΢ЦȻ֡
Ҿһܵġ
ܽܽһ֦˴ġ
һ̫׼Ļơ
ֵıӰ˳˼
ΪԼԴԱһϸѡֻҪŵùб¾ϴˡ
ЩֵֹľٶӾ齨ŶӡΪ׼뷨
˵ʵһЩ£⵱ͰߣҲΪԷ
ȫҪʲô
ȻȥΪĪһ仰һ¾ͲˬŭҲн͡
໥û⣬诲ĥչ˶ѵ
ӹ١
ҲԸΪ¡
ðŵʲôķա
Ժ᲻ᵱʵۺ޹ϵϾǶ֮£˭ܱ֤ǰڸ˾һûΣգ
Ȼⲻ촧Ħ뷨ϾǼһ粻Ǳȥ
׵Ĺǽδ򹤵ĵ۹Ź֮ǰɡ
һȥܶط
诿ɳϣڶʱڣһ´ǸΪܻ鷳Ҳܱ֤ܸɷκһ˿ļš
ȵȡ
ԡ
ⲻܸܲɷ֣ܷԼĴԱץ
Ŷ
ܽܽƶǶػ˻֦Ҳ´
˹룬˵ûϵҲûк´
û̽ӻ
ǵܽܽ˵Ҳ뿴Щǿշ羰
˸ոǾ仰ȥοˡ
ͷƿƶȥ
ðɡ
Ȼյľƿؿϡ
ҷģһ죬ǿԹ֣ȫ涼֪иҵĴϣҲû˸Ҵ⡣
Ĵش˵

Զڲſֵʶ˹
ͣͣȻʼܡ
Ŷ
ܽܽܵ
Ҳûкܸжֻڤ˼һӣȻƵȥӾ硣
ڿʲô
ɻʵΪ㲻ϲ
ܽܽ󣬽ק˲ң˵ǽϵ壬иֳȫϢͶӰ
诳ĬƬ̡
诣һǧһ԰⡷ȥǵӾ硣
Ϊʲôݵżǿμء
Ȼ治ȷǻ᲻ᵱԱ
ܽܽЩã𣿡
ϵ֦׷״䣬ЩҶƬС·𶼿ʼήˡ
һһأ˵඼ϲӾ硣
诣ҲῴӾ֮Ķ
ȻһСʱ԰սĿ


64 
վڹӶЭ, ظˢб
ոǸ꣬ɵĹӶȼڱS
ʡ
ȱһɡ
һʱ䣬, һûиˢֹˣʱѰҹһԼ͵ñߴǷ߿ŷɴ嵽һɼܡ
ȻҲΪҪӼĶ
说򿪺б, ˸ͼȥ, ʾԼ񳹵ɡ
ʮӻûظ
ĥǸ쵰, Ҳֱӹص˴ڡ
ЭתһȦûʲôڴ, ȴⷢһصԿǵĶ
ڽϢɳ, ߬һ, ȥơ
ͷϻż̵Ϣ͵ص㡣
ҪߺDϹӶֻص㲢
ǰĲ٣ֻûзɴ, ǲԸ
ʹˣΪֶܻи߶ҲʱʱܿߵԱߡ
ÿζ˫, Ӷ뿪ˡ
诲Щ档
Ӷ뿪֮, ˹ȥ, Ҫʲôأ
Ǹ㲵, ̧ͷ, ܴġ
գգ۾ǣ
ֵĽӡ
˻Ƶ˵
ΪʲôǰЩ˶·ˡ
ּǼʺ, ԲһӶһܽġ
˵ܶսǿＯŵĸ, ڹӶЭڿĴڡ
诣жˣ
˵ŵԼһ˸ɷ֡
Ĵǵ, ƽʱǷɢġ
ԼͷĿָӵѲ󽢣ͨۼһϵͬһڡ
ʱֵĴֻһСӳָӵͻȫԱᳬʮˡ
СĽӶͨ˽˷ɴСͿʹ;ĳŻǡԱϡٵСͿռվȵȡ
ȻҲһѲ󽢣ٺˣָϵĸ֡
ִĽӶ󣬿ܾǧ˵ĴͿʹ޴Ŀռվ۵ȵȡ
ɴˡ
Ҳ
ǸЩʹҡҡͷңֻ֪һҴǺܴҴסҵĴϴ֮ǰܵˡ
诣ԣҲ㴬һЩֵǮĻϣȥĻ˵㴬ʲôˣ
ҡҡͷֻûҵĻ
诣
Ĵϻʲôˣںǵ
ǵҲ˻߱ɡұߵĻЩܻϵİɣ
诣жҪûĶ
̧ͷʶӶ֣ǶҪͷ
ࡣһ𣿡
诣Ȼشҡ
ƣؿֻҪûӣҾͿ԰Щ㣬ģһټǮ
ӣ
ԶʧĻ˼̵
ӶɫϽʵأҪ⿪İȫƽԻٳ
˵Щӡı־ǳۣʹڻҲܺܿ챻ҵ
˼⣬֪ʮСʱǰ¡
ĬĬ¹ʷص꣬ҿȥԣҲ֤һɡ
⻹Ǵù򲻹⡣
ѾȥôˣܲҵҴ˵ҼʹҵˣҲųЩǵĶתˡ
诲ûֱƽ̨ΪܻӰʣʽӶ˱ˣͨƽ̨֣֪ͨҡ
Ϳֲˣʡõʱͻ
˵˵ͷȻҾҹͲˣϣҵʽĻҿȸĶ𡣡
诣㲻ҴǮ·𣿡
ûлش𣬿ȥû˵һ
诣ٶһ䣬кܶǮȫȥҿ¡ɣǱ߸ֺܶ࣬ҲԲµǵ
233ǴӲǵǽӵĿ꣬ЩǵĴٹͣͨҪԴϵǵռαװ
еĲԭ򣬾Ϊǿ¡ĵ̣˲̫š
˲һ£ʲôû˵ֻʹҡҡͷ
诣
ЩӳؿƼ䴬İɣ
ҪôͿ¡Ҳг
뿪ӶЭ֮ϵ˽̣ԼճǲǿɴģǵĻɴͣʲôط
Ȼź֪ճûдҡڿ˽˷ɴǴһ;˴Ĵ䴬
תһ룬˵Ӧжֻһĸ
ΪԭӦҲϣ֪¡
请µɴ׬Ǯͷص׸ţԱټ
ϵǱҲҵĿص֮һ˳ȥ
һ˵һʻߣҿ·ߡǼ𣿡
ϡһ
½˵ͷ
ȶλK7720ţǰ·ߡ
½ͶӰԱߣһתȫϢͼһ߿µ̫󱨸档
ûз籩ûֺת
诸ոʻϡ
õģǾͳɡ
Ǻ֮Ǹάռͨ˿˲䴩Խ굥λľ롣
ڵǺţ඼ʢʱڽģųڵòάżҲ⡣
诣Ҹ˵ϣǲҪǵܸһƱֺܲ
ǰֵ˲ٹǵ飬켣ڸִϣЩ˽ⲻ١
ǡҪ½ὲһЩС¡
Ʃ˵ĳЩСǵŻڴٺ߲ӷֻ꣬Ϊ˿Ӻѵȵȡ
½Ǿܴùǵɡ
û
诿ŴǰոյK7720ţۣҵһοţȻҿƵ
еССĽš
Լ˷ܡ
Ī
½ȥҲڴҺҸⷽ澭Ҳ٣ͨЩλڽɨػ
ô룬诳һȥš
ֻϵĴʻտռϴжλŻᱻΪš
诣ҵȥĻֻڻɳ˯
Ҳǲ㿿϶Ϊë
½ڽЦһ
诣ⷢǲܺܺÿƱεʱ𣿡
½ʵϺܶʱǱҪ̬Ϊܵÿ졣
ɴѾ뿪˽ع
ϴǺǿգ쵵ľƺͷ׵ߣչһ
żҲзɴңԶգβһѤõĲɫ켣
诿λϣЩԵؿһĻ
˼ӣ½ѯʵʲôΪʲôٶһֱ½
诣ա

ɴֽܿ˸Ѳ״̬Ǻŵ۳Ҷȥ
·Ҫʱ䣬ʹٶȣҲҪʻСʱϡ
ϾƬϵﶼǰǻǣʹʱڣҲʲôõطǺŷֲȻܼ
ҷɴٶȲ졣
߻ȶûκֺ·ҲûҴ
һ߹עֵһŴ̫շ羰ͬʱԱ졣
ﴬ١
½˸Ƿ˵ǼʹԷײ¹ʣţȻЩطǲҪˡ
Ǹ̫ٷơ
ΪڵЩʵҲڣֻܿȺ
νָľضôҪ뾳ϷݣҪ벢ҽһȵķá
ĳ£ֻΪ״ϵͳϡá
½һ䣬ЩǮ˶Զʻˡ
Լ·߾Ͳ⣿
ϸ˵˽˷ɴװصԾʾ󣬿ԺЩռվĴп໥ӣÿҴĺ߶Ȼκײ¹ʡڳһ

½пһûлһ

ʻĴҴ֧־Ҫܺ𣿡
½ԿЩܺ͵ġ
诣ȥ۸񡣡
ȷʵŽ뷨
诱ͺȥιһЩʢֵǰƥ˹ĿгȺµıʯȵȡ
Щĸ߿ƼۣڰǸܴڵġ
䱸ռĴ󽢣϶ҲҪȥЩطϾЩ˾ܲλ
诣ǲǻҪȥһʲôʻʸ񣿡
½˵ǶںܺøģǰҪôϣܶԵǱ߾ĿռվཻǮ͸ˡ
诣Ұ
һ·˼Сʱ
ϴ̫սֳΰǺš
һ빰εĽ׵ĺϽȦɡ
Ťй֣׺һϪ
诿Ŵ˽ȥ
ռ֮ͨ·𶼱תͲϴֻʣ¸֧Ĺš
õ졢տ̵ȵҫ۵Ĺɫɳ̶̵Ĺֻšɲļ״һжڲȶı仯״̬
诸оԼ˼άͣһ˲ֻܴŴһС
⣬ڴҲмΪ΢ʧظС
ںܶݵʱԼ뿪λƮƮڰС
ĸоת˲š
佢ͨһԾ»صããǺ֮С
说˿ԶɫǿһȺ£ͱš
һһɫɳĮԶ
Ƶ
ˢһͨѶ壬Ϣ

üҸոյɭռվĹϢһСʱڣѾҴԾǨ֮ʧȥźš
һӦԾǨͨ⡣
Щʧ󣬴ͨˣ
Ȼ͸ոյǼʻڷɴŵ˲伱ٱ򣬻ʲôûѻ顣
ԡǵűѾͨյ㣬ȥˡ
ü塣
ֹϢǿռվһڵķɴ͵ġ
ڶţ
Աͬش󺰵
ֻܽܽ˯ûڵء
䣬诿һ
һͻ̫ͷ·Զڣ໹о޴ĵ
ţڵɫХ
说æתͷ˵һֻһЩ΢Ĺκۡ
ȻʶЩᣬҪԼԶǿķ
Ҳתͷ»صڵĻᡣ
ֵĴ
½˵ҿǵɫˣ
ֵĻռİѽɣİѽֱǺڰ׺̵ɫҲ˳Ϊɫꡣ

Ǹ˵öĴпܾĿꡣ
ʹǣܰҴҲ˳ҵһһԾ⸽ִ
ȻҴνˡ
½ҿһ·㿪С
˺Լλá
½˵ӹ˷ɴƿȨ
½ӦѾǣͽǯ̷Χ
诸ոճ嵽ſڣɴ;ҵػζһ¡
Ҵ֮಻ʮףڷɴ˵Ѿǽˡ
说Ϻһִ˲ţֱ˳ȥ
սƹƺҪ̱Ҵȫϵͳ
һϣʱоǿҵĵע
ʲô
ʮսС
ָվڽϣ׼Ǵ
ȥȰɱˣģһ鷳
һ˵һ촽ƺڻֵǮĻλȥһܽˣ˵һְʱ򡪡
ߺȻһ١
Ҵ֮޺̫У׷һӰ
һְֻڹϡ
ɫǣ࣬˫ӯ貵ӡ
ǣڵʲô
˿һĻ˲ɫ
ûǸļϵĵϵߣ㿪
δ䣬ǿĵ˲Ϣ䱬˶ʶ۾ֱǹڳȵĹԡ
纣Хˢ˲̱ͻİȫϵͳ
źȻ
ɫ׹Х룬ͬľҴжϣ
ȥ
Ǹӳȥ֪ͨиߺţļԪء
Ȼֹ
诽ʬ嶪̫УšֵĲӣһ뽫ͨѶԱ˦ǽϡ
ǿһа˶緭ȻԴɽһʧ
ոҲֱӻٵԼĴѡǴɱ˶ǻٴҲ°ѴֵǮĻ򻵡
˸䴬
诶ӭļ⵶һȭ˹ȥڶʱ
ͨѶԱææȥϢĽӣɴһְ˲̨ϡ
ڼƽ̨ػһϨ𣬸ֱڽӶص
ͨѶԱս˼¾͵ڵһ
ɱ
һǸͽļһ
⼸¶׺֮ɫη˹Ҳηضȥ׼
ûʱЩˣȽҴ԰׸ŵĽȻ½˹
ܿ죬ߴӲƮеǣ˸Ĵָ
ллܲһǵġ
ֱָָߵͨѶ壬ҪǸʲôиߺŵ᲻ͻȻͷ
½ͷæ
ֱȥǶѷŻĵطһһƵ˵ߵġ
һջԶ˾ס򡣡
½˵ǺܿܽǱߵĿǡ
诿˿ϴɫ򣬡ұȽǻ᲻иߺţȥһսн
ȻߵĶɱˣͻϷʧᱻ֪ʲô
Щḻǵкܶ취̫׷һܲĴ󽢡
ֻҴҪ̫ߴûʲôµĸˡ
Ҳ鵽˹ڵиߺʱǵָӹ١иߡɪͨͣͽһʮһڡ
ӣ½֮ܵ𣬡иߺҲλϵĿǰͣ244ǹǰոշϢиߺҪҴغ
诣ǻжξ롣
ո˵꣬ҵǵǶѷĲңоͰǰǸ񷢲ӡ

°ͣҪˡ
Ȼܻǵ׷ɱҲֻǰˣûʲôµġ
ϲ
˵


65 
, Щ
ոսɻսƷ
˷֮⣬һЩֵǮĻ
Щ˾İװ䣬װעҩƷ, Լǹе
ʲô
ڼԱΧԱߡ
ܽܽոնݵķɴ𶯾ѡ
½ֱӴˡ
ܷ
诲̫ȷؿ֦߬סСƿӡ
ĨϿոʴ˵Щǹȥ˼
½һ֧Ӳǹ
ŶĦ33, ڽ󲿷ͺŵ, ЩܷΪⶫװġ
诵ͷһе绡, ˵
һͬķڡ
͸ɫʣȥʮֱ, һͷһͷԲ, ԲǶһССĿء
Щ߰Ĺ￴ֶ
洢е, زӳͷţԴڲƻϵͳ
ͶȺ;㹻һܷϵһװ˻
ⲻսƷ
üԼ׼, ǽʲôƩȥٿռվ֮ģ
Ǳ½ڿҴͨѶ¼Ƶﴫࡣ
ǵĿһͿռվ, װй, иߺſҪͼǿе½
ȫϢͶӰ˷ɴȺ
һȻ, Ļձꣿ˹ķռվ, ؿƼ, ֮ǰϵָᵽ
ʱƪָ˵ϵĿռվ, ⼸Ҷ˽˵, ڷϱȽϱ, Ȼѷһûпյͣλ
˹ķһгУλ㹻࣬ʳƼȪĳϷǵȵȸֳ
໳жġ
ǲ˳ؿƼĹѣЩҲȷʵ
ڿһЩ˹ķƵ֮诶ͣǱ漸졣
诣֮ұȽϺ棬ʲôĶǵֻҪκֵǮĶ
½תתǸȫϢӰ񣬡Ҳһ𣬴
˼
Ѿϵˣˡ
ȻļƻȥǿһۣΪǱߺܿħ˵оġ
ȥ˲һ¡
ǾҴô
ѯҿ԰ʹ
һСͻܹʮˣλ֣ԱͨѶԱ֡
ǽҴ˾ȫˡ
ȻԼҪʱȥϤǸʻϵͳҴ𻵵ĳ̶̫Ҫɡ
诣ϾֵĴԼšǶֿ⵱ղƷп鷳
һ͵и߻ûʲô˱ˮڡ
Ȼǵţ
ҲжսδڸⱲӶ򣬷Ϳκεط
Ҫǣĸ֣ɲֹһǡ
ǵĸųǰǵ͡
诣һҴܻһѲ󽢣Ʃ˵ǸиɪǣҰɱˣ´ľǵųˡ
˵ֵıơ
½˻βͣͻͽػСӵλСӳϼѲָӹ٣ָӹٵϼǾų
һȺǵҲ潢ӣԱȻ㡣
иߵľųǡߡ÷ݣսٵٽӵһţ˵ħ˶ܸȾ
½²˵
ܺá
诵˵ͷ
ԣִɱǵĴſ֮ǰǻʲô˵𣿡
ҽҴģ
½룬㵣鷳
½ʼ磬ûʲôģûʲôûġ
лл
侲˵ֿһλԱ
ܽܽȻûκ뷨֦һǹɨĶ
˼ӣ˹ʶڶԼڵȴԼĴ𰸡
Ǯ
˵
诣֪˵ʲô𡣡

ܽܽܳʵ˵
˵
诿½Ҫʲô𣿡
߱ʾڰ׸еĶѾ㹻ֻҪҴͣ
˵𡮰׸š
½Ÿ治ɫ𴬵֣ȥҲһҺȻˡ
ΪҪ²ԼĴ׼
½ûд꣡ڴֻд㲻иձƯ𣿡
诶ʱͷʹǲǵ
ȻûĹ涨˵˻ձǵȻʵ˽˴ֻȷʵûлձꡣ
Ҫôڹ˾ҪôĳƷţҪôǵ
һͼڴϣһûģ䴬ҲױΪǵ
诣˵ͣ⡪ңѵʲô𣿡
ⷽ츳뵽ձֻ꣬гؿƼĴ
ԼԸһ
У
½ܿĵصͷոտֵɫ꣬ҺȻҲĸˣǵĴͷһ
诣
ûǴһ㡣
Ժ顣
ˣ˵ɡ
½ļ򣬡ҵطͣ£
ҿսƻѾԶģʽάͣ״̬̫С
½Ҵܻϡǿܣһᡣ
诣û£ҾͶ㣬԰ǰǸȻشϣǰ򡪡
߽ţ͸ϴԶǿŻһɫСǣȥкܶɳĮҼǵúǸǣ
ֵϺ֣ܽܽ뿪Ҵ»ص׸š
ǹȥ޷ɴʱⲿҵ̫еĶ;ƶ
ǡ
½صͶӰԱߣתתȫϢͼ㿪Ǹ򲻶ϷŴ󣬡ǻǣͣɡ
֪ûôأҴطǻ߲ë֮أõ⽵䵽ĳƬɭֽ˼ҵֲ԰¡
һðɣԡ
ҴʻϵͳȽϸӣĿĵؽǰҲҪԱæλ
˼ڷҳɹˣǿʹһҳĴҲܡ
ϧûһӣͿʼ񱨴
诲ϹرЩҪϵĵΪʵ̫࣬ʲôʲôϵͳϡ
ɴײײس㣬һ޾İɳĮ
ΪЩ߰ĴϵͳʧˣֶֻͨȥƷɴ
תŶ֣Ҫˣǿͷ
Ȼͻ·һ졣
ҴǱƵһʼڰкֱײͻҹգصˤڵϡ
нһƬɵİɳ
ش߳
ֳ˵˺е˵֮⡣
诣һΪʵǸżʻԱء
ȻֵҲƽ׸ſ˹ڼƺһЩִƩ˭ڼʻϡ
û˵ܶ໰ٴȮ
Ȼ˿ʼͻ
ǰĹ̫ѡ
и۵Щ·ͽߣһƬĽУʹȡ
ܽܽվһߣ֦ӹĶ
ǹڳػǾ޴壬֦סɳһ·ͻذ׸ŵĻ
еһʱǷǸǴιʱֵٴ˲ͬ
㲻Ϊᱻ;ǿֶܺĳ⡪
봬ûϵұʹԼ𡣡
ѾûиĸˣҵֵˣҾĳ˹¶ˡ
㱾ǹ¶㻹ǵԼڹ¶Ժİɡ
诶Ĺߣߵһߺܽܽһ
ɳĮ
ܽܽҴûĵط
诣ҼһһɫɳĮ
ƬãĻĮ
Ǧɫ£ޱ޼ʵǰţż΢紵Զ;һƬɳ
诺ȻԼҲһƬɫɳĮ
ʱֻϿߣֻ֪ԼܷѾļ
Ȼԭˣְѻ˵ܹ͵в֮Ƶؿණ
о㡣
ԼǮ࣬Ҫҹ󽢡
ҲԼǿȵĻ
Ȼʱ䳤ˣףһ˰ǧڵʲҳΪͶͬһǿߣȻ㡣
ʱֻµĿʹǰ

°ͣƬռɳĮ
һ̣Ȼеһֵƽ
Ϊ֪ԼԶ㣬˵ԼģͿȷһ¡
Ҫʲô׷ʲôֱȥͺˡ
ȥ˹ķ
͵иҪǸռվʲôֵǮĶϲˮˣ
ֵ
ϰ˶Դƴӡ
ѯǵǻԼ뷨ʲô£Ҳᷴԡ
˳㣬˭ΣգҪж
读δ䣬Ϳ˷׷ҡͷ
Ҫȥ
½˷ܵҡβͣ㲻ϣȥһȥģҸողŷֲݹһҿ꣡
Ǵ
½˵ҪʲôҶ㡣
ܽܽκηȻûڿռվ֣һϴ鷳
汧ǸܽܽҪڴж֮ǰһᱻڿռվһɱ֮ġ
ԱǶԴֲⷬϰΪܽܽҲֻƶǶػλֵ֦ݸһС
ȻǾͳˡ
СʱĺУϴֳһ޴̫ս
ȾƵɫ׵Ŀռվޱۡ
˹ķмһֱêΧǲ㻷νȺǹϵǻǡ
ΧǲĽӲţЩƶͣƽ̨ܱ߲зɴ䡣
请˸½󣬺ܿյ˹ķͨѶĵĻظCʮĺƽ̨䡣
ǾȻûշѡ
Ϊ
½صȫϢͼǵϵ׼´ߵͣƽ̨ջȥ֮󣬾ǷտռˣǵĴᱻڲλϡ
ˡ
㲻ɷѡ
诵һֵطͣĥĥһȶ䣬֮Ҳλվȥ·
ܿ죬˴Ӳŵ͸ȣ̤ԶнĴʹ˰վ
ǶûʲôΥƷҲκҪɱĲϸ˳˳ͨˡ
뷱ĽС
һ˲䣬ΪԼڳ
ͷȫϢͶӰķ֮⣬ءǧƽĿռվҲ㹻ĵ̣˴ִ
ԡɻʱ䣿
̯֣ʲôʲôҲԸң֮ȫΪء
ΪԱֵֻĹһʧ˺С
ȻǲûС
ֵȻԱߡ
½Ȳ˹һҪ뿪
诿˿½ûʲôʾȻҲǺж
ðɡ
˻֣ߣ
ǿһ¿ռվָϵͼֱ½ֲݵĿꡣ
ڿһ¡
㷹֮诿ѻĿӣ˼С
ǣǶԿ¡ʲô뷨𣿡
ֵãȻҡͷ
Щڰǳǻ켣ĹӶԿ¡ԹȻܹ˲һ꣬Ҳܿǲ
ҲһЩԣȻӡ̫ãȴҲûر𷴸С
ϵ¡ն˺ŸˣҿԽҪ
°˵ܻһЩ鷳Ҽʹ֤ݣҲһңϾ֤ݶ١
Ҫǣֹ¡ʵңȺ˻ء
ʵڲԸǽӴ
½֣ʲôô
⣬Ҳȷ
룬Ͳǵж
½˼üͷǰͻиߺŵͨѶ¼δػǿ
ţ
诵㿪һۣЩϢʵսƻֻиߺǵִָ꣬׼Ӧڻ˹ķﳷˡ

һиߺҪǿе½ռվиߺ͵͵Ǳ룬αװͨ·ˣڶ͵Ի߽Ϊ֮󣬾ͻս
ֶڳʱڻǴﳹ׻
ڹ·ϣҿռվĻˣǰ˵ĵ
½һ۵ܵܡ
˽ľ̴ϴЩС
½˸ָҲˣǦ97Һ̬ĵݵأ͵ڳܵġ
ʱȻǵ˼ǣռվй
ĻԸһѲ󽢸ڻ¡
иߺſǲѡǿġռվװûŪ
ɡ
诳˼ֲǵڷֵͼ󡣡
ԴʻǱ롣
诣һͻʧˣӰǵж𡣡
½΢΢ҡͷֵѲмٺˣֻһʮ˵СʧûʲôӰ죬СӷܺҪ֪̫
ʲôССѶ׻ٵһҴ
˼һ½ļ򣬡ּܷܲϢ׷ݵԴġ
߱˸ûơ
诣ôǸָĽӦʱ䣬һиߺŵжʱɡ

ʱŵ㡣
Aģڱ仯Ӱգɻƻϼݱ¡
Ȼ˺ҹ
һʰ쵵ĵƹ⣬䣬绮ҹյǡ
ЩϰҹǣԴϰΪ
Լ˱ԹҲؿҹգָЩңԶǳжơ
˹ķͨѶġ
ĹԱȣӭײ˿ռվĸ˰¡
Ƿ׷׵ͷ⣬¡
Ǹݸߵˣڷۣģ˹ģҲܺƵغǴкתһԱʺŮ
˵μ´ѧ
¹еʵҲһˡ
ȷʵ
ǸԱϲüңʮУ¼ȡˡ
ּ򵥺ģû˵꣬Ȼһ鼱Ҵܽ˵иĿݡ
Ѿ˼ߺͰȫԣȷһԲεĺϽ壬ûκηʡ
û¡
»˻ֲ֣ʲôѵô𣿡
齫İ˽
ǸмĽӣҿݹ˾ͳһ䱸·װӣƶʱܿЩء
ϵ˵㡣
Զ򿪣¶汻ĭһ鲻̫ıκϽ塣
ùɨһ£ؼ׶Ʋ㣬Ǵӷɴи𡪡
δ䣬¸֣ǿСĽ巭˹
İɫĽлռǡ
ڰ׺̡
ռվԱǷ׷ɫ䡣
ֵı־
ǳ̫ս﹤ԸǵνϤˡ
ȻǴĳҷɴģĻձ껹ǲȱġҲԣʹСͻձҲ׵ֱ
ռֻռǵ벿ְˡ
Ҳ㹻Ǳϳֵɫꡣ
΢΢üǡ
ţһҴææ߽վԱߵ˵˾仰Ȼ󽫼Žͼ
ǼԴѶϢֻ׷ݵ221Űǵһαվ
òˣȻǲ뱩¶ݵĻαؽ׷š
ҡҡͷ㿪Щͼ

齥Ͼ
ԱǸֻŶͷ˾æȥ
¼ææشȣ;ײһԵԱǸͼǰߡ
Ǻܿר˷˳ͨһ·ϣ˿ռվ²ֿ⣬ִ򿪼ȫţ롣
ֱͣһſڡ
˴һֵͻֵı־ĸǣΪЩͼ
ͷʹ˵ҲģҲܶġھֵжӦûһʱ䣬ȰѶתơ
˵ͷѾȥŲվԱҪĳؿƼֲԮ𣿡
йҪٽĻӦûܵϢ
ҡͷֻǰѷǶοݻðȫŵǿᡣ
ȺһǵõϢ
һ˵һ߿ǰİȫţֻҪЩߣʹˣҲʲôʧ
˻ԴоЩȻ˵ô¡
˳¹иߺš
Աߵ˵
¶ʱжŤͷ
ֻһҴ

ռվвAʳ
߽һҵͷԵĴԱԱߡ
ĸˣλ¡¡Ȼȥ˲ֿ⣬ҲյϢҪתΪܶʧƷ
ֳ°ͣУڶĳ˿Ŀꡣ
ǰ诱ĳԱӣ븺ײһ£׷ӡŵ˶Էϡ
עŶԷλñ仯
²Ǿʲôɡ


66 
ʱŵʮ
˹ķռվ, Bͣƽ̨һĽӲչԽһгս
佢ڰ, Ա߸ԴĻ
¡¡վƽ̨ϣһȺռվԱææ⣬мװжػء
һװж佢գжװصĻ»صӲϡ
²˿, ظļ, ǿȥϢˡ
䴬ڻ, 뿪˿ռվǿԶȥ
ܿ, ʧԶ̫СҲ뿪˹ķռվĹ̡
䴬תƽ̨, иԱ߿Ա߹ȥ, һΪ΢С
ǸСһҳƫƫЩֱˤ档
֮, ѸſһĤΧĵذ廷ȫΪһ塣
΢Сôһαװ, ڼﶼ¶˿
ܿ쿿ǽڱԵ, ǽ߲н, Ϣǰŵп̨
ִ｢ʱ, ǹ΢С, ׾˲̨ķ϶
Щߺģ֮ǰһн, һĵ, , п̨
ʲô
ʱ˿̣䴬ŵϴ⣬ٿȻ˼ȫװս
ǵ
ֵˣ
Ա
ЩƯǿеսװ͵Ľػǵɫвͬȴ˶۵ɫꡣ
֡
췢ԮϢת˹ķ
䴬ææ˵̨ǰһָͨѶԱһԼҲʼϢ
̶̰ʱ䣬ܱߵһϤ壬ģͷɴ汻ȫ
սܿͱը̻ԶԶȥֻһմӴɳȥ
ãã̫УֻʣһұΧ䴬
ƹ̱䴬İȫϵͳȻǣһߡ
ʱ䣬һȺǵͬȳ䴬Ѹռ˽šաתƽ̨ȵȵ
ͼԱһۣ̾˿־ܡ
ǵҲߣȻʲô֣ƣҲͶֿ
ȷʵǳǵţȻҲÿζһɱбӵˡ
ٹǺ˿ͱȱȽǣȺ˶ȥء
뷨˶ʱѡͶȡһ
ڣеĴԱ˽ϣǵΧס
ȿȡ
䴬ĴɤӣλǳؿƼµĴҵϼ
ꡣ
иǵ˸ơ
ϴףǵֻǴͨķףȻЩͬ
ӦǶӳݵǵڶݵĳĬ֮󣬺Ȼɫ߹ȥץס˴졣
Ѷʲôطˣ
ǵӳҧгݵʵ
ʲô
ãȻʲô
㻹װɵ
ӳ͵һֱ֣װѸװһѹڣ׼Աһ־ĴԱ
ȵȣ
ͼֹ
һ룬ǵӳһڴǸԱԴ

ĴԱɫɷףżһмҪſˡ
ٲ˵һ
ǵӳֽڿתһԱ
Ҳ֪˵ʲôҷģ
ел嵥ҪĻȥұ֤ȫڻգȥУԣҪҵĶ嵥ϣҲҵĴϣ١
䣡
ǸԱԴҲˡ
ӳɨϵʬ壬ؿ˴һۡ
˵Ķ滰
滰ҷģ٣
ȥʮֱһ黹Щ
ӳֶһԼǸоԷıֲϷһڡ
ȥҴÿ䶼һ飡
ӳҧгݵ˵ţһ׼ȥǵԸעЩҺġһЩ
һһֱȻųߴ硣
ʲô
Ǹǵɻʵ̥ʲô
ӳյߵ˵˾仰

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ӳһƺԴϣȥҶӻǷ£Ҳó
һȺǵ뿪ˣʣµ˿ʼڽŷңǸӳվһ߷Ϣ

ͬʱٹ֮ǿС
һҾ޴ѲͣڹϣͿɫĺ״Զͬ
ϴ·Źƹɵɫ쳣ҫۣձΧһȦƹƴĸ
Щĸһʡ
иߡ
ռվһƬڰ˴ģͣС
˽κһᷢһмƻˣʬſڶѵҡ
û𡣡
Ѳ󽢵Ľ룬иɫŮˣɳϣһһҿˡ
һһŮ޿ΣɫŨٲƤһһףϸ彿ۣơ
طŮһ§һָзĸ˳žݵ߽»
ûоûаɡ
һŶĻ㱨һɢ˵ǸϺ꣬أ
ɪǸ¡
ƽ̨ǰͨѶԱתʵ˹ķǱ߻ϢˣѾƻ˷ģ顪
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ɪĵӦһ
ͨѶԱ£
ţ
ɪǿһۣʲô
ûָ𣿡
ʲôָ
ɪתת飬ΪһϢҾҪҵĴȥǿ˹ķװģӣ¿ǵطѾжʮˣҸ˵һüƻ
ûغһǸ˻
Ȼ˼ȥ飬䴬֮ǰʲô뿪˹ķ
ǡ
Ա߼ӳͬʱӦ
һ룬ҴȻ
ϻͶɳ꣡
Ӷ
ϴǿǿڻ֯ѤĹ꣬˲иߺš

˹ķռվͣ
׸ŵĴʹԱ۴ŰиֳͶӰ
ͶӰ䴬Ľţոǵӳɱˣ̬̣Լ˵Ķʵ
ˡ
һĴȣⶼǰ¡¡õƭ֣ڽӲϣЩװһҪƷĴ
ȻҴʲôûС
½ӿڵ
ǰСżĳǴĴԱСԶ̲ٿʽŵϡ
ΪǸ̫СǸԱûз֡
Ȼ½ֲٿǸССҵ䴬õҴм豸ʹȨ
ǿǵռҴֿǵǷ䵹ڵȴջ
Ǹӳ˵ʱ诼ѾȷǾҪѰħ˵
ȵȡ
½ЩֵʵһҪܽĳߡ
Ͳôߵ
诿䴬ǱߵӰ˵ԣ¹ôģΪҪʲôƷȻǵҲɵϣҺܿǱ뵽˹ķϷǿ
Щǵǲ²Ϸ
ɪǵĽǶȣȻµ¿ϷҲһɳ񽢶ȥٳ䴬Ҫ֪¿ܻΪԼϷȻֽҪĶҴ
½ˡ
ܽܽ⡣
ԣ¡ȥˣʵҲô˵նȥ
诣ô⣬ҾȥҲûãֻΪԱк𣿡
ðɡǸô죿
½ʵҪĶǾ͸취Ūְɡ
诵˵ͷҿȥԡ
Ѿֵ͸¶Լܡ
ûƣֻ˵һЩԼӵе
Ϊ˷ҹͬƶƻԼ˴˽ϡ
ҲʱûҪǵ
½δܸƵ½Ҫڶȡ
˵˵ӵõڣʱ䣬ſѸٶСбΡ
ǴһЩĶʹҲҪʱ䣬άı̬Ҳкܴġ
ܱɿռվԱҲȥͣĲֿ⣬ֱӽȥѰҡ

½ȻҺڽ˹ķˡ
ô
课ϲصܿʲô𣿡
ܿ¡¡λãȻҲֻλðˡ
½ѾǾӦʹ˹ķļ豸ͬһײϵͳǽͷ˻Ͷǵߡ
¿ŵ䴬֮½½ʮҷɴˡ
诣ţ
⣬ʮǰCһӲˣΪһҴ󽢼ɡ
أ
½Īʣ֪ÿСʱкܶɴ
½ҡҡͷҵȡǵļ¼ҴѾͣ˴ʮֻ꣬뿪һΣСʱڷˡ
ֵһۡ
½Ҵռվģҿ
һ˵һߴչȥĴϲûгؿƼı־ҲǹģΪǲñ֪
½عͷ
ѾʧӰ١
½Ǿ仰˵֮课ֱӿɴ
ڼ򱣳״̬Ϊ׸žͣCֱӿǵĽӲţžͷƽ̨ͣһҴ󽢡
ΧֻɢɢԱ˱߰ӣûʹ˻װж
һ޴ӡ
ɵ̬ǶӦòǺܳҰװ̱꣬һӪҺƷơ
CʮӲţٸͣλ͸ǽڿһĻȻ˵λȴһξ롣
Ԫػȥǿ϶ü
ȻЩԱϹӣһԶԶע⵽һĻ

Ƶ½ŷϣŰ¡¡һỳⲻɺϡ
š
诿Ѹ˼һ£ϣڡȻ½ȥҪͨѶķվˣ̫ˡ
½˵ʻա
Ȼ̫ҲڶʱڰѴȥ
½Ҳ״˼
ѾܽͣĲϵͳԿƽ̨ͽӲŵ
ҴǱ̶ڷղλ״̬Ҫռվ󣬸Ǯߡ
ȻǲΪʡǼٿǮ
ô£
һߣǼԱִӲžͷδ봩󽢵ĲţǰٿȻرա
ǽµʼƶбԶ˴󽢡
ӵ˶һۣ鶼ЩţһҪͷϢһ˺Ȼһ
⻮У˻Ϩ׹ˤڵϣǱٵصߡ
˭
δ䣬ҫ۵׹⼲۶
诵ˣǰ񱼡
ΧԱֹȻǸ޴ӽ΢һЩͱû鴤
ѾѴˡ
Ƶ½ܿ𣬴
š
诿һ棬ѴβĻŴ򿪡
־ٶʵʮΣգϾ⸽д˻̨ǵҩ˶Ҫһ군
ˡ
½ԥˡ
诳ˡ
ն䴬ȥעȻһѷɴն
ǵǱڵһҴûҵҪĶȻµնȻȥķɴ
иߺǲʮͻͽػ֮˹ķռվĽʽȥиߺɼˡ
ǲǰһȺս㳲иߺͣǹ
ԣиߺԹ˲Ͼ˹ķ߱Ҳ
ǰȻй˼ɣ¿ռվڲʲô֣Ҵ󽢣мֵƷαװο͵Ĵط
ֻҪʽֱܹܿԾǨȽǺţʱ׷٣ѶҲࡣ
׼ϴ
ͬʱ½ҲӲŷյ¿ˡ
Ǹ޴ӿǰɫ˿˿ڣԽű߷ϣѸٻ˫ȡ
ãã̫һԾһĳҫ۵ĵӰһĽӲϷӹ
˵ԾǼǷ衣
һ˲ʹ׵ľ룬ͬʸ䴬Ļڡ
ֱӽѲ״̬
ڵվߣ
ʵҲ˵½ɽͿʼ٣˳˻յβǡ
ˣȲҪΪʱᱻһ̻
诳嵽ͷӹʻȨȥӿʲôĶóͶˡ
ȻΣգҪģҪһӣҪܵ׷ɱǾ̫ˡ
ﴫӿ졣
½׾ٵشǸȫ

½ɻ˵Ҫħ˵֫԰ɡ
źߡ
ڴƽͼȼ
·淢ĺȥ̫ԡ
ΪҾ⿴ȥǣеκһ
½˵ȥ֫ټӼƤƬ
ʲô
һ㽫ʼ˼𣿡
ȥͷ壬г򡪡
ƵȻֵֵĺ
ʲô
Īʡ
רĶܺȺս׷
ոճռվһȺƨ׷һҩХڿзѳʮ⣬צײ䴬β
诣ϢǵĲźܿҪˡ
ԼѾˡ
ٴ󲿷ˡ
ǵҴûյҲûʲôϵͳȫֻƾżܣӲ
Լʵֵÿ佱
诣٣ûпոô
ÿǻģ
½еڶ˵
诵ĻȻֹ
诣Ǹħ˵ȷֻڶҪֻ֪ǣΪߡ
Һȷ˵˼ʣֻΪ״̬ûķȷʵǡ
Ҷˡ
诵㿪壬תȥķ
ʲô
ֵûӦ
诣иѣ̵ħ˽ڸķǵ๤ලһȺǵ촬
룬ĻͲ÷Ҫ˹ͨӴˣ͵ҵٱɡ


67 
Ψһֵҵ, ǰķǺţռվԶ
ɴײײʱβյĲڲظ, ƬǱߵҶرɳȥ
ԡ
诿űڳûʲôɴͲܴԽŵľ棿
ȻԼӦȥ֤ˡ
̫ϲѧϰ֪ʶûпԵѹȣԶȥĶ
, ʹп, ҲϸĶÿһ, ֻὫĿ궨Ϊõ֡
СصĲֹһҼǵá
½˵ϸ˵ûˡ˺ѻָ, Ҿôɡ
Ӻ, ɴԾռͨ
ź, Ҷ˼ˡ
һһ߻ָԼλĹͷô
ֵ״̬ࡣ
ܽܽ˼֦
ʮۡ
˹ʾûʲô⣬ȥһͷ, ۲ҲûʲôӰ졣
诣ðɣ׷𣿡
½ûˣӦûŵ, ϾҲźʲôڵǡ
ó̾ͷƽ˾ˡ
诰½, ԼصϢ, Ǹ
ȫ, ¶ڲ͸, 浴ǳɫҺ壬һ˫, 档
ʮֻϸĵ, Щ·, ԴԴʲôʡ
οȥƣֻ쳣ɫƬĳҲǲȱģϹĤ
ɫЩ˿ǺƮˮУͷǣһһء
Щȡ
ͷ
֮ǰĸħ˶ûͷϾǿȥһЩ棬ʲôѪ
诲Ա߹۲һ
ոֵ˻ں˯ȥˡ
һʱ䲻̫ȷǲħˡ
ĳֽħ֮Ĵڡ
ͷΣƩţȻЩ֫״ֺֽθ
ͷҲ
Ȼͷ״Ժ಻ͬӺСֻбǿףǺܳſʱܿϸܵļ
说˴ڡ
١
Ǹٴαˡ
Դ˻ΣĤ㻬ţһ˫Բεɫ۾һգգࡣ
Ͷ˶һֻצץϣҪ˺һ
ΪûķֻŬȥβ²˵ʲô
Ȼⶫͺ״úܶ࣬Ѷеߡ
诣ˣҸоиǡҡ˵ʲôɱ㣿㣿˺㣿ͷ㣿
ЩãȻز²š
˼ӣǸֶһ£ʼԼϰγЩӡ
٣
͵վòҪôҪҲء
ϾҪˡ
½Ļǰ
诲ͷϴ￴ǵĿĵء
һСǾ̫УرƣΪʯײԵÿӿݡ
ķǡ
ĹƯʯƬͳһ߲ĻƺͣһЩɴԶ˸ĵƹ⡣
ȥǵĿո۷Ϣ䡣
˵ѵǵĿոͨѶ𣿡
ܡ
½˵ǻ˵ǵĸۿڷˣĿǰͣһҪ򣬾ͰѴͣڹϣԼȥ
Ȼͨ˵ⲻָܷɽ򣬶ָ÷ջǸСͷؾ֮ġ

Īʣ˵ԭ𣿡
š˵иսոҪΪλ

请˸ۡ
ǻţҾǸǸͻġô˵ȥһͻءǸﶼǴѴͣڹϡȥҪһһҪʮ̨
סɷϢĳ嶯
һϲԼ˵ʲôǼһﶼܲ¸˾Ųʮ

诺ȻЩ꣬ǲһҪڿոȿȥɡ
Ȼˮħˡħ˵ѾεһĹӣĳҲſ
诣
ֱӳ嵽ʻգķͨѶķ
ã֪˽أûȨֹҵĴ䡣
诱˵
Ŷ˵ոˣû⣬ǲȥոۣԣһ̨׼ҵĴҾͰеĴըɻҡ
ʮƽ˵꣬Ϳʼʰ׼գȥȻҲжԿеĻǿԡ
诽Ǹƴ״̬
Ǹħ˵ȻٻӺͻεһӡ
׸뿪˽ع˸ķǵĴ㡣
Ѿܿ·ƵĵرԼΧߵͲƽݵأԼ鲼еĴССĻɽԶԶȥһƬӶս
Ǹֱ˳ȥ
ķ˾ȾΪز˵¶Ҳߵס
ΪܹԪػߣ˸ое㲻ÿκ֮⣬ûʲôӰˡ
ֻһСĳУ˵УһۣոΧ촬˾Ĵ룬ԼһЩɢɢľסء
ҲһЩͰɣȻ޷Щİȡ

ͬʱǹ
иߺӦԽӵĺըŵǵɵִԼĹ
ɪָǣȻͨѶԱĺ
ãɪǡ
ϴǰƽ̨ϣֳһȫϢͶӰ
ͶӰǸڷ۵ˣƽ͵Ŵڵ˴к
հλ
¡
ɪվΪ㻹Զͷڹء
ע⵽ԷڵĿռ䲢Ǵգ˹ķռվͨѶָġ
ʵϣҪĶѾˡ
Щƣ˵ǵսûģȻƻ˹ķһӣҲһֱȥ
Ŷ
ɪǳ˳ǣȷʵ㱨Ŷ𣬿¡ЩɱҲµ
Ȼ֪һͻʧҲǵǱߵͨѶ¼ᱻ˲鿴˹ķռվǱߵ֪Ϣ
ʵϣ˭ҾԸ⽫ݳӢۣϾɱһǵ
̵˵Щǵ£Ҿ˵ڶԼ
û˵ʲô֣Ȼָ߸ϵĲмǣȴɹؼŭ˴Ĵǵ
Ҳذڳ⸱
ɪЦ³ͲҪòȻָˡ
Ҳѡɱǡ
µ˵ϾǵӰǵжĶӳ˵ɱҲֻΪ˷й
ҲԲɳ𡣡
Ȼ˹ķ

ɪǺЦ˵йΪʲôҸֱӳȥ
Ǽĸ֣Ϊһ᲻֪ʲô˼𡣡
ɪɫȻ
µʲô
һϵеľٶϿתħˣȻ룬ǵǸʱ䣡
Ҳ£Զ޷ᵽ˱ǵɱĸо
ЦЦϾˣΪûи׻ĸף÷ݴ顣
¡
ɪҧгݵҿǲˡ
¹ϵĿռվгؿƼı־ʹˣ㻹ɱԱ
̾˿ִҪͿ¡ԣ֪
ɪǷһ̵ĴЦ£Ҳ̫Լˣ˵ǿ¡˹ͨҽ춼һҪɱ㡣
𡣡
˵һ䣬ȻͶһͬ˰񣬡Ҳɪǡ
ȫϢӰʧˡ
ɪһȻŭؽɳ߳Σתȥ˹ķ
Աͷ󺹣£ǻûаѡ
δ䣬Ҵٴξҵػζ
ʲô
мǵ
ϴĲãУٿȻֳһ޴Ӱ
һͷ׷˿ǺɫҰǰɫֶԱɫʣм԰з塣
ֻ۾û١
һһ׵ֱ۸߾٣ݵצһѾ޴ĳ¶ǰ͸״
㲻ϺֲֻܿЩ죬ԶԶȥһźڰ״飬ƮڵȼյǿС
ס
иߺȫףǰȴֻСߡ
ⲻսĻһΪĳȫϢͶӰ
Ϊôͻأس̫Уޱ顪Ҳûб飬Ȼҷɴ
ͬʱһ˹ķսΧ˼ȦԶȥյʲôսźһ
ʲô
ɪüϴĶղǲǡ
Ȼ
и߾ٵ͵¡
ڸʲô˭ǵĻܻڡ
䣡
һ춯ص֮ǲ㶯ֽܻͬһѿ׳Ѳת˲ķѡ
ҫ۵Ļȼն𣬴ӿܿ콫ĴУͬʱҲûǵǵͼС

ӺһӰӻгڿʧֳڹϵһռվſڡ
˭
ɪǱŭش󺰵ȻԶԡڻеķɴк
Ȼ½½˷䣬󲿷Ȼˡ
ʣµˣҲ߿Ϊ֪Լָ߱ӹٲս
ּĵ˵ʱ
ɪѪ죬ֱۺʹ϶鲼˿ڣЩۿɼٶָ
Ȼλǵָӹƺûôˡ
͵һҧ̵ƬѸٸЩ˿ڣٴȥʱƤˡ
ħ
Ϊ͵Ŀ꣬ȻҲ

Ȼɪá䣬Ǹ˶һԲ
ֻǰתٴξеվڿռվڴǵ¡
ɪһݣҪܣȴԼá
ƺӲԭ޷ãֽŲܶգۺͺˡ
Ǳճڰϵı걾ֻŵƽ

ǵָӹٷһŭֱ߽űٴη̵ƬкĤɫѸٱǳͫ״Ҳ仯
¡
ɪ̧𸲸Ƭ͵צӲһµĵذʱظرѿ
ǰ״ݻսľ޴ûħֱκ˺ۡ
ջ
Ķܿ죬ɪһԾ𣬷̤ϵųձ˾ˡ
Ҳ׳Ȼƶٶȼ죬գۼͿԽһξ룬ھ˵ͷ
ɪ̧ħֱۣ׼˵ϻӳһ
˱ȻĳŪģֻҪܲ޷Ԫܵĳ
ϧֲֻܾħħʱ䲻̫ܳãû̫ʱ䣬׼λսپ
ϧ
ǵָӹٶߺȻ̾Ϣ
ͷͶžֱӱᴩ
ɪǵͷŵؿؿ¶һιУմѪһһãǿС
Ƕιٿرȥ
ƺһƬܲβͣڿл˦ţһӰ
ǵսܿˡ
ɪǸо⣬ȻԼ忪ʼ׹䡣

ҪȥȴԼѾûˡ
ոǶݵ˲䣬ԴȻ롣
̫ƯԶȥͬʱѸٸá
ԴһС
һʵҲǵװˣȻҲҪҳ֡
ǸβϵѪҺ£ܸһļ۸񡣡
Ϊ߶ƣɪǿ˵ȫ
ֻзŮɤƤ°մһȺ졣
ħβͲػȥ
沼ܵİɫƬβһẓ̇ĩһεаĹǴ̣ں⡣
ħ֫壡
ħһָ߼̬˽֮Ϊ̬
ҲЩΪ̶ֳ֮󣬾ζ˼ħˡ
ǰʵ˵ħӵβͳȵħ˲еĲλͨҲζ͵ĵȼˡ
ǵָӹԺ뷨

ķǡ
վڿո
ԶǱ鲼ײۼİɫأǰʮͣСͻʮҽػ
ǵĺϽҫŹâϴÿһҴڷ۹Ĥ˿ȥһȾྻ¡

һҪһԷɴսϾЩȥͷǳˡ
Щźš
Ժлᡣ
ϾЩǶѵģԺ㵽ԼĴͣһո۵֡
Ȼﴫ๾
ȥʲôˮˡ
ʱӶӦðˣȻǸһﻹûײӷɳ֪ʲô
Ҳ̫ȷ﾿ʲôˡ
Ȼɵĵ̣һҲܱڷɴϿսҪá
½ˡ
չɨһȦطĺСĸ֪ҲԸƬ
ɨ֮ʶûʲôرĸ֡
Щ涼ûرʢ
Ҳ˵һ¡
ɲ
ʲôֶʧڱ˵ĸ֪
٣
ո۷һ˻
˻ﴫĳԱ
ǸոշϢǸ˵Ǿܾ
ڻܡ
ûҰΧҵκεһĶ
ԼĴᱻ򱬣ҲͺͰһЩҲ˵ⲻ˽أֹңǾ԰
ҲŲֹ㡣
˻˵ҿôϷˣǸļߣҲֻһ䣬ǲˡ
Ŷлл
˻˻֣Ȼֱ˳
촬˾и¥;޴ơ
ΧһȦǴأǳ׶λ
ֵ߽ҲвˣԶԶŻΪ֡
ӳ칫¥
ϺãȥĿͻ
ӴĹԱؿȻŷӦҲ֪
ˡ
请ִڣƺͨ촬ȥԼңӦûᾭ๤ɡ
ԱҲû
ЩطҲǽֹڵġ
ķ񲻶࣬ι۵ĴǱڿͻҪ촬ġ
˹˾ҲȥĦ
ι㣡
û߼Ȼסˡ
ʲô
иװĵվǰ档
۾ô򿪸ҿҪȷǲըҩ֮ġ
ע⵽Χ߹ԱڸǸ˾Ϲ⣬ȥͷĿ
ʶ𡣡
ʵⶫǸġ
Ǹɫ䣬
ԭȵָʹϤʧѸٶЦݣʶ𣿡
诣ڲڡ
һ˵һߴܣȻ͵ͣסˡ
һϤӰվʮ׿ĵط
ڷȻŻ棬ƺƽֻ˫ɫǱ紵Ƶˮ档
٣
诶ʱЦտҸʲô
򿪿
һܹȥܾԼܳˡ
칫¥Ϊ֣ʱʱ˴ӸȻǾǱһͶעӡ
û˵
诣
ڵء
ΣɺȻ̧֣᲻صشĶͷ
Ҵܸоʲô
״ƽʵ
鷳𡣡
ðɡ
Ӷͷ߬ס֣ûˣԱҡ
ɲÿɷؿΪʲôҪ
ΪҪһ˵ħˣ
诲̫ȷ˵֮󣬾͵ðңһҪϵԪܡ
ɺ޷
ϾƺҲȱԪܡ
룬˵¡巴ѾˣδŻֵˣ鷳ĻܽһȥҴ򲻹ģֵˣţ㶮ɡ
֣һȺûܴġ
Ȼ⡣
Ҫ˵ЩʲôſڴּҴܽһˡ
˺滹żģˣݰ塣

صڡϵнֵĽӺͿ¡Ŀռվİӣ¹˵Ϊħˡ
˿ңиߺƺǱ߻ٵˣǻǡй١ĵһЩ
ɻͷһۡ
ָָԼ
ֻعͷȥνˡ
һ£ʲô
ţɵɨԱߵĹӶ
ʤ
ɿ赭д˵ţȴϲе˵Ľ


68 
Χļ˶۾, Ϊǰĳǲ˼顣
վλͬÿ˶ܿɵȻǸղǾ仰Ŀ, ͺƽʱıִྶͥ
Ƕ֪һڸķʲô
ǰ촬Ŀͻǣ˴һߡ
һҹ֮䣬ȫò, ʾԼûôż, ԸļӼǰ档
һƺȫˡ
Ŀ֮, ǸһȺˣŷײ˻ɽ, ۽ճ˻ҽ
Ǹͨ, ҲһǵŵͷĿ
˵ֻΪڽӿʹʱ, и±ĳ˾ˣͽǸ˾ɱҵ˳˾ļ, ѪϴС
˵Ȼϧ
û˻Ϊ
Ȼ˵µĿ֮ǸٿߵֶΡ
ǲ֪Ǵ, Ҳû˸ȥѯ, Ȼ˶ĬЩǵҪΣᡣ
ԼҪ, ǳǳǿ, ǿûûĳ̶ȡ
ڡ
ǸηΣշ, һ̸
һ˵һȥ߲Ͽе, ɴཫӶǰߡ
ڷҲԹԵؽӹȥ, һְֻļ, ƺͷ˵˾ʲô
ǸӶװ̧ͷƺЩذһۣ˸ָ
Ҳ޶á
ûΪһͽ˴һ
Ŀù¼ǣޱš
ðɣðɣ֪˵ס
ε̾Ϣұֵҵ鷳ģҲЩָӹ٣ʲôиߣֵǼ졪
ȻЩ˵£۲ΪȻ
诸оˣͣסˣ˵ղǸô˵ģиߺűٵˣй٣ǴŰɣе졪
ˡ
Ŷˣ
读ȻûûֻдŵĿ֮һǮͦ׬ģҪȷԼɱˡ
΢΢üһԻ֪ˡ
ҲеĶȫֻ֪Ǹйپ߲Զˡ
诣ǿǺôһǮ붯ּǵýҡ
ָֻͷ׬ġ
ɲÿɷһסĸ첲ֱӴ˲Ƶˡ
̧ͷǰİƵأЩССɿԶ졣
ɫĻ£ϡɼɫɽ
ĦȭƵؿӣһʱҲû²Ϊʲô˲ƹ
ͺʱˣ߸˵仰һ
ȵȡ
ʲô뷨
诲̫ȷţѹ˲ͷʼɡ
ɽԶһӡ
Ȼһֱĳֶѹħˡ
ΪӸոأԭȰʹ˻ǳƵײͼץӡ
ЩغϽȻ飬ĲҲɷĩ̵Һ콦䡣
ɫӰһԾԴշһ
ʪҷ棬һˮ
٣
说˸ָעոǲ˵ҵĴԱ˵˵ʲô
ˡ
˵ͳ˳ɵӣħ𡣡
ɣǡоԪ𡣡
诣ܸоţţҲȷȥͦġ
ٴͶɵϵ񣬡żħˣǱûй̶ò
䡣

Ǹħ˺Ȼ˵ϣһִֵֶצסԴ
ǣǵġ
˵ɳơ
ϣɱңһУҲɱ㣬ɱҵĺһ
ĺӣ
һ£Ȼµ࣬ɵħˣ
ħ˫Ѫ۾Ҳࡣ
ֻǰ䡣
诱˸ƣҶˣǸ
Է˻ʲô֮ģǲص㡣
֪ӵܵǻԴħ϶Ԫܡ
ͷԱߵС飬ˣʲôʡ
ɵûŷʣֻ˼ضǸħˡ
Ǹһӣħ˵̱ôͣľ㽩Ӳԭء
Ȥʣʲô𣿡
ɿȥЩȤȱȱĵļ䣬ĹȥԵԼĺӣΪҲǸߣ
诳˼˼ӣԣҲûˣ
Լô󾢸Ķһ˿ˬ
ȻҲֻһ˿
Ͼħ˶˵õġ
ǴʲôֻῴһۣȻŮĺڷ
෴
˵֪һЩ¡
诣˵
ʥħȷʵڳ˯
룬ԽԽħѣˡ
ʥˣ
΢΢һΪʲôҪʥ򡪡
ʯ
Ǹħ˺ȻȻΪʯʥΧ֮ǴʯҪЩʯǽʯķ֮ǵͻǿ
诣˵ʯҲԪܣ
ǡ
ħ˻˻ԴһǵģʯԪܡԪܺܣֲһĶЩ˻ΪʯǿΪԪܵӣ֪ЩħеߣǵԪܼ޵ģǲҪԪˣֻЩߣҪߵõԪܡ
诶ûôӴħˣħ˵еǿˡ
ǣҲоԪܶħ˵һȫλǿ
ܻЩġ
ʯǻ죬ıǵʣȻҪȥ
οԪĳֿԱߵĴڣӱϾͺܲͬɣ
Щħˣ档
Ȼͳȥ
ǱٻģЩ֪̰ˣҪøȴպ˺ǻȥ

ֳ˳ɵӣ֪𣿡
ĸħôģܶ˵
ǲ棬ȴٻ
ʯܽΪʲôܱٻ档
诣ۣ⣬ٻħ£һĳš
Ǹħ˲˵˺ͽͨˡ
诣֪˭𣿡
ħҡҡͷ
诣ô֪µģѵħ֮󣬾ͻõһЩħ˵ļ𣿡
ȥʥ򡣡
ħ˵ֵȥ
ԶܸоλãʯңںڰкУһֱĵű꣬жԶ
ֻͣΧ޷ˣܸоǵľھҲǰǻὫΪˣȻ˺ҡ
Ȼħ֮Ľˡ
Ҳ˵֪һЩħ˵ء
Ȼħ˵ǿܲʲôܡ
档
е㾪ȣҲԪܣΪʲôȻоʯ
Ϊ
һƽֹĿ˵㲻ħˡ
诣
͵طӦ˵ܡ
΢΢ס
ۡ
诲ؿֲǡĻҲҵʥλá
ҡͷˣ˵ܸӦʯָĲ֡
룬Ƕ˵ûʲôһ֪ĳûôҪȻҪѾȥѰҡ
οҲֹһطӵʯʥǱ࣬Ҳֻȷһµķ
ȻȻǣħһЩƵĵطֲô񡣡
˵ڼ䣬ǸħһֱԼż͵͵˵Ҳͨ
ƺȫûйע˵̸ݡ
诣ԣЩħΪʲô뿪ʥҪʯ
Ϊ
ħ͵̧ͷѪɫɱ⣬Ϊ󲿷ʯǿռݣʣµġ
诣ȻҪҸʯˣ
ħͨʽٻ棬ֻҪ磬ǾʹţǵٻԿԽռάȡ
˹ͨٻħˣҲͬķʽ
ЩȻǲʲôңҲҲûôùأԺǺء
ȻԺǸ򹤡
̧ͷ뿴ѵķӦ
û˵
ȥƽƺ˼ЩµĿԡ
ΣƺʶڶԼ΢΢̵ЩĪ
ϣҺǺ𣿡
Ȼù
诸ͷȴǲ̫ԡ
ʶһЩˣѻǳеķʽԣǰȻá
˹ͨǼƯ覵ֻҪ;鼤
诣棬𣿻ݵˣɣ
ɣ
ԣʲôǡ
ϾҪĻԵõЩݸ߹ӵеһУֻЩûȤˡ
ҲܼʵЩ˵ˡ
ͬԭΪЩ˵жôʣҲĽӵе֮ϵĵλҲȥЩڵײˡ
ҪĳˣԷƶĿǷΧڡ
˹ͨЩ˲ʲôУҲΪǵݵλ
ҴĳֽǶ˵֪С쵰Ҳûô⡣
ΪֻעЩ˳úòÿǷ㹻
ĳ˵Ը㹻ᣬƩǸ
ʲôš
һպˡ
ɲ̫ȷ롣
ôˣ
ЩԻؿüһָѶԼ
诣Ҿôһ˵ʵڲ£˹ͨʵദ

ɵ˵Ҳ֪Ǻòദֻʱ뿴ǣҲ뿼ǺǺ
ԥһ£֪ܲǣΪʲô
Ƴһֻۣܺ˹ͨ岻£Ҹϰñ˷ң
֪ԼôôõĽڡ
Ȼֵǣ¶ɫŶԣҲˣûˣû˵
ɣ
Ȼˬˡ
һΪʲôĿƿ
ѵ˵֮ദִ
Ȼʲôʱֻˣ
˵
û
Ȼʵǣ˵ܶˣô
ɣʲô飿ʲôë
诣ͬı飬ʲôë
㿴ɡ
ɺȻ
ûˣԼ״̬ʮס
ȻǶĬˡ
ȥˣ˹ķѾ˽ȥǱ߶ĳתһת
Ȼ䣬Ǳ߱ӵħ˷غ
ɱңɱңһɱߣҪԪܾȥֻҪֻҪ
΢ʹ࣬˵ԽԽߣֳ˷ŭɱ
ȻħٴηҵսĻ
ҵУ
ſ¶ڼݣΪֵ򢸽һŤ΢Ц
ħǶõ©򣬴ʱҲȫſˡ
ѪƬڹ϶Ĥţܿ˷϶ǶԳȥ˼ơ

诿ɣͬʱ⿪ԼϵĹԣû˰ɣûҾˣ
ףĶ֡
ͬʱǡҲ˹ȥһ£лл

ܿ죬ķǵľע⵽ɫˡ
ԭֻɫգȻƬĺƣ𶯶
Ӻ׹һһĹâͬ˺ĻУҷָ롣
˾ۼ촬˾Ĵ¥͸
ȻֵҲǸ֡
λѣô˵Ǻ飿
ʲô𣬷϶ǲˡ
д𣿡
ɡ
Ϊ̫ңԶǿ巢ʲôֻܿеĵµҡҡͷ

Сʱ
ǸħԭͷǳѾ˶߹ԪܣֱؽսûãͿʼˡ
һֱҪɱǰߣҲûԴĽ֡
Ȼûȫ
ϾԸ
ֻгϢˡ
ԱߣǲӦðŻǸˮţ֮ǰǸըˡ
һ룬ħ˵Ȼҷ
读عͷ
ɻվԭȵλãҲûжԪˡ
ܱߵĵ潹ڿѣݺύиֱ׵ĿӶǱӲҳġ
Ȼ࣬ûΪΧսûͷ
诣ôȵȣҲŷӦȻȫΪ̶ֳȵսġ
Ǻġ
ڷ۵̧ͷƳһۣȻ
Ϊעûսϡ
ֻ˼һЩ顣
请ҺۣϢһٺ㳳
ɣ
˼ӣԻ
Ҳû׼ֻǻ˸⣬˵Щ¡
ע⵽Լ˵һʱƺЩˬüǺܿ˵
΢¿ڣ֮Щˣ㻹ǰռ鱨ǣ
ûô鷳ֻҪΪûþͻǾͻŬ֤Լмֵ
赭д˵ȻֻҪĿ꣬ǾͻΪһġĿ¡
ˡ
诣ֶͷܴݻˣȷʵǸܼ򵥵ķ
ɣ
ɳĬ˼ӣҲǡ
գգ۾㲻ˣ˵㲻ô
ĪƳһۣҲܻ档
ʹݻƽϵһ
ۡ
˼ӣһվһЦˣһû뵽˻һ˵̨ʡ
ɣ
˭ġ
޿̵صĶͷ
໣
ЩסԴôԴ𾴵Ķ𡣡
΢΢üһչʾһ£Ҿô㡣
Ȼٴ̧֡
诣
תܡ
ĬĬضıӰ֡
վ꣬ûȥסһ١
ȻҲʲô¡
ˡ
ܳȥվסǸħ˲ûи㹻ϢӦǻҪȥħ˰ɣɵġ
΢΢ס
Ǿǽغ˹ͨҪ
ðɡ
̾˿ҵĹԡ
ɽӸ
ص֮ĹδϢ
档
Щص㿪һտ˼֣Ȼյһ
Ǹʾԥ̧ͷ
ɣӾͽӡ
ʼ磬аɣֻҪ㲻Ļ
ȥء
ֱӵš
ǹﴫһðҵСŮѣ˵˹ķúܿģ

ɵʱס


69 
һ̧ͷ, Ͷ϶˫ŭ
ɢԼΣϢŹԡ
һ˲䣬ȥѽǧһ

ֳ︡õԤС
һﵽǶԽ, ǶԼͽ̼װ
ǺߵĻܾǿܲΪʲôѼռ
ٽ쵰ֵı֣ô붼еⰡ
գգ۾װʲôҲû, ʼͽ˵
Ҳð, ҵѡ
ҲѧŽ̵Ŀ, ϳǻ㻹ôϢͨ
Ŷ
̲̲ظпһ, е˰, ֺĶȥμʲô̸޿𡣡
㵹ǸմӸ߼ҵġ
诼Ц, ԣʲô¡
Ҫ㣬ǵ˵İɡ
诣ţ
˹ķռվĸ, ¡¡ĸס
诣Ŷ
֮֮϶һЩϢ, , ˵
诣𣿡
, Ȼ
ƺЩ, ʲô, ҵġ
⻰ԳȻܾò̫Ծ, ǿǵǰǵʵ
诣˵ʲô
ΪʲôԼ
诣𣿡

ʱ˿, γǵ½
׷վһЪҵĵ
ſڵľĵƹ, һƬǽҵǹеڰӰС
ͶӰڵĹâζţ˵һһߺµʬ塣
ذϲѪֻҳ
ЩʬҲ˿ڣǶûֻ˯ȥһ
ǵ֮ǰ˵и鱨һֱϢ
ĵ˵ţ
һ˵һڵתһȦȻߵ̨档
иſϡ
ץͷԴ̧
Ѿˡ
׷꿴˿˫ԲĿĲҰס
ռ鱨ģԸһЩСĶָĿɲСǡ
棿
źߣࡣ
Ҷˡ
ô˵ҲǾɣⷽǿ߱ȽóԼҸоҲ
̳һʵҲʶˣֻҪһ㡣
ɿָʬԴϣץסʬ̧ߡ
ҲȤĶ

յǸ鱨ӵƬ
׼ȷ˵ʬƬ
ڹķǸſһһֻǰţֱϡɼűӵͼ
Ǹһģһ
Ψһͬǣû֡
诣Ҳųֵ𣿡
֪Ŷ
˵ҲϾûɱ

诲֪ǲ˵ѣ˼ǣҵѾʬˣ
š
诣ðɣԣ֪Ǹͼʲô˼𣿡
˼ǣĳ֯ĳԱ
诣ллһϻ
һһЩ˼¡
һ˵һ߽ͼ
ЩͼƬתߵĹС
课ȵؿ
ⶼǰƬص㣬гһЩΪĽֵ
ȥЩطһ۾ܿ
췢ڽ黹ЩģϵĴչ
ȥһͨοͣοͲȥ֮⡣
ƵƬţڰǱ͵ĵġ
诣ԣĳ˰ҪռƬǲǿɣйϵ
ֻǰҵķָ㡣
̲ûиκνۣԼȥⶼĳϵ˵ġ鱨
ַ˷ͼƬⶼǰʱ˳ģƬԼڽɢ
诣Ǹϵ˭
Ǹն˺ѾעˣûѰҡ

诣ûһֿܣͬУϢĳˣȻǸɱ
ɡ
ЩȤȱȱ˵
ƺȤ
⵹Ҳ
ϾֻǸǳĿͻɡ
ôš
诣˵ֿ֮ĸϵ𣿡
û
Ȥȱȱ˵ţŶԣһЩƬ˳㷢㡣
ֿ˺ܶԼ͵ģСͰɳԱɼܣٵ춯صһս
ðɣлˡ
룬ҰģȻ˲ɱģҲҲ鵽Ҫ֪ˣ۰ɡ
ŶøǮֻҪǵϵ¡˵һǮ
诣㲻Ӧö԰Ǯ𡣡
̹Ҷˡ
请˸ۣһתͷֿڶԼ
١
˻Ĺԣʲô飿
ͽϡ
ͣһ£ԽƣǸҲڡ
ۺ磿żģ˵ȥҽ̵ġ
Щź˵
˿ûڸǱ飬д˺޲úĳżһΡ
ɣ
ȥʮֵѹ
诣ôֿʼֱˣŶɹܡ
ƺЦһ£ô
诣ôǰ¡
ɣ
ܲҪĻش
Ҳһ̵ܱĴ𰸣ȥԷͦġ

ȷʵԼǰԼ뷨ԲӰ˽棬ཻ
ɵɫٴ
ȴ·ûע⵽һԹԵʣô˵𣿡
Ȼû⡣
Ȼû˵ֻ˫Ӷһͳ˵кøС
ûʾ䡣

Ҳ۾ӣұһ£Ϊʲôô˵룬ҲںĴ𰸣Ҳ̫ⷽ¡
ûʲô仯ֻ¶񣬡Ǹ
㿴Ϊʲô
̯֣Զô˵Լ󡣡
𡣡
ޱؿԼ𣿡
Ҿôһ˵ҶкøУиʳΪҵԼ󡣡
ɣá
ǿʲôϵҲں
ֱӴ㻹֪жôǳҿܾϲʹǸˣҲкøУ˭ûͷϵķ˸𣿡
ɣ
ϲǺ֮ǰ˵ĺøУϲһ¡
ȻǰĶѽֿʼˡ
Ǹͨˣ˵ǵһμ棬ҾͻҪҪһȥȾˡ
ڷ۵ĹӶֱۡ
齥ƯƣڻʲôõĹȥһ
˷ɴӦǸõĿˣȻȾƣһȥԱҲС
ɣ
ٴ״̬
˵ġ
̾˿һǷĺøУӦʲô
оԼԼӿˡ
Ӧеŵġ
诣򣬶ԷԶ֪ôģͻͱȥԼˣǾ仰ô˵ţʧʱ
˵ʵûôҪȥԼۺ硣
ǸͨάվԱ϶᲻һ
û
ֻҪ
ɸոһϵб֣ٴֻɡ
ʵڲ뿪ֱʡ㵽ǲǶ˼
ΪӦֻֻش
϶߷񶨡
ǰߣҪôӦԣ
Ǻߣ뱻˦һ顱ĸС⡱ôվӿԼ䲻䡱֮Ĵ𰸡
Ȼʲǰٷְ٣϶ȡķա
⣬ϲҲͰˣֵһԡ
ԼûǸ˼Ҳֵȥðա
ο֮Ƿ뷨͸ʳɡ
ȻҲԲ˵
˵ĻͲҪȥܱԼԼˡ
ɾؿеŭƺˣֱһƬ䵭𡣡
ǰ
诺õغӣôҹܲţһôġ
Ŷ
ɵؿڣȻһļϣǾȥ
˵ʧԭء
үĻ˲˲𰡡
诵͵һ䣬ȻʼԼĴԱϢˡ
֮Զ
׸ż۶ͣڰС
Ŷսҡ
½Ӳź̽Դ˿ϵĲ״𡣡
ǵĴѪȻȴûпκԵ˿ڡ
˺ܶˣҸոձκˡ
㱻ļ鸴ӵ˵ţȻԾ˷ɴ
ź£ȷɳ⡣
һƬ
说ɾߵˮֲصϢңȻԼɳϡ

оǻؼһ
һס½һסܽܽ½
һԱӼʻ߳
ǸһƱģչǲӦȥˬһˬ
ֵһۡ
Щȷʵôɡ
½ܳʵ˵νͦģʹ㲻ҡһ˳һ䣬ȥ

ֵ˵ѡɣϾж
ܽܽȻԴûκ
ֵٴζӡ
½ϵҲиͿռվǹʯŵĲҵ˹ͨĵ̣ķûӡ󣿡
诿˿½Ҳ΢΢ͷ
û⡣
诱˸Ĵָȥ
ʻһõһߵƵ
ǴǺžܵǱߣϢǵһžֻСʱḷ́ԣֻȥԴȣֲб
Ȼ½ʼϲᵽķʲôĶ
˹ķҪСλҲǺܶ࣬Ǹռվʷã˹ֻͨǽ˱˵Ĳҵ
ŶԣǵĶĳ

ڴԱɻĺУ͵ػعţţ
ôˣ
½ʵո𣿡
ֻһ£Ҫɣһøĳλ¡С㷢
Щͷʹ˵
½߸˵ܹβɨʻð
读صã̾˿
ʲô𣿡
̧ͷһ˫ĳλɫҲţֻеĪ
½û˵
诣Ҵɣָܲи飿
ʲô
Ƶﴫ½𾪵飿
½һۣЩϵ˻ῴ𣬴˾
诣ȷʵû⣬ΪҴδôΪðɣôЩû𣿡
½΢΢ҡͷ֮Ҳụ࿴ƩĳЩȺ˻ΪһȺˣһ𡣡
̶ˣаɣֻǣţʶһˣܶЩǷ뷨
½˵ϲ㣿
诣ţ˵ܡΪҲȷԴһϲңԸϣԼȷǲϲңûס
Ȼе־ûǸ˼
ЩѼռ
诣˵֣Ҹе
ϲǲԸϣ
Ϊʲô
Ϊ̫ˣ
ΪʲôԵʣóºܶˣ
ԼȷԼ뷨Ǿ͸ˡ
ֲδСӣⶼ㲻˰ɣ˵ҲôϲԲ޷ȷء
ֵ˼
ܽܽŬͼ¡
ĴתתȥҲûȫеĹϵ
ܽܽϲǲϲ
̯֣Ҳ֪
ܽܽգգۣϲ𣿡
ٴΰ
β˼ҡͷȻĺ˧Ҳܺáÿ嶼½۵֣ǰͰ߳żΧͿԼڶбˡ
ܽܽãȻؿ
诣ǲϲǶѣǺϻˣ飬ǿҰʦȻƲôõѧ
Ҳѡ
ѲǽԷ߳ɡ
诣ȻЩֻһԭ򣬻бġ
ܲǼһԸ
˵ҹ
ðɡ
ܽܽŪˡ
½Ȼ㶼ˣھʲô
ͷҰ׵ķ˿΢΢ţ˫ϬЩ⡣
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71 
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վһƬ¶̨ϣůʵľذ壬ԱһˮĮ̇żѸ߽Ρ
ΧȫϢ豸ģȻ羰
¶̨ģУƺλɽߵصġ
һïʢĺ֣ͶӰŰ¶̨һܸʯĺˮϵӳԶѩɽ
诲ͷڰ̨ǰ߽ϵˡ
˿Ŷʮͷģһͷɫĳɵ˸βŨ̵ܾķ费ڱ󣬶ϲżκ궤ഹ鷢֡
˼ӣҲعͷעˡ
ǸòʮֿĬʱһþ
̣ȴΪΪüۼһɵǿҵĳС
˼ɫзпֱͲѥȥʰĴѧ
Щ̱ζۡ
Ϻá
ɤǳºͣ˵ҲƮƮġ
诿һۣڶԷͣһ£žŲˡ
˹ͨ
˱ȫϢӰ˧
ء
˵
ʶҽܣڱʾԼֱ֡
Ϊʲô
诿ЦʵΪֳƺñںֵܣ
Ϊϵ̫ˣɲֹҵֵܡ
΢Цһ£㲻𡣡
诿ʼﷴԼһȿȥˣСöԼꡣ
Ȼ˵䡣
Ͼʱ߻궼ѣֻҪᣬ궼ν
ҪԼҲŶԷԼӦĶ
ҪСһ㡣
лл㡣
һѸ߽£ţûзκ
ţл£лңǸ׵ļһҲ֪Щ˵ȻҪħſԿ
ʵԪܼ۲ĸоҲ֡
ΪԼ۾ϻ᳤Ƭ²ûз

˵ֻԺоˡ
Իкܶ˵Ҫƽ⣿
Զ룬ɵ˵ͷ
ԣչأǲǻҪǮһ֮ģ
ûǣԼǰŵˣǮ֮һ
Ҳࡣ
Ĺأ
غѯʵô֪
һۣȻͬʱ̿
ȿȡ
ɤӣҾôһ˵ȻҪĻҲ⡣
Ѿҽһ鷳
˵Ҳ׼ͣǸңй
Ǹռļһй٣
һ£ӷת
ȻǼһ˼ݣһϣҲᡣ
Ҫǣйϵɱиߡ
һӦǺͳؿƼЩϵҪôǹӶҪôڸ¡ɻ
ǣйֳ˶ķζʲô
߾ɲֹһš
ʲɺϡ
诽Լʲô£Щ飬ԣǸġй١𣿡
ƽصͷ
诣Ǹεİڰ׵Ķ
ߡ
诣Ŷߣεģֻħ״̬ܿǵٵиߺŵʱ򡪡
йٿԿΡ
йϣҶ֪ɵиߺţ
ֵĳ
ŶĲ¡
诣йΪʲô
һۣûֱӻشֻЦһ£һҪҸ˵𣿡
诣
룬ýһ¶ԷҲ
诰ԼŲ˹ȥ
˲һ֮ңڵѸ߽ϡ
һ㿴͹ˡ
һѹڰ̨ϳ࣬бӴǰˡ
߱ʮƽصһơ
ݵļžУΨоҺ뱭е죬ϸˮŵƹ⣬ӳԡ
ȻƱ˹
ҷľҺ͸ĵɫ滹һЩϸСľ顣
ҲһֵּǵֲƣЩᾧҪᴿÿһ򶼷ǳķѼ
诳һڡ
֮⣬һֱˬĸоǻȻӯȫѪܡ
ңָо֮󣬲ûּȵĿУֻ˸еܡ
诣ҺȻ֪ΪʲôǶƷˡ
΢Цһ¡
ЦƺֻòԵı֣ȻŻ֮ɢ
ĺĤɫǳǳӯ˵ƹʱͱɼ͸ˮɫëĲӽ
诣
ôͷӦȾġ
ҲںΪʲô
˵ţֻǲýŵҵĵӮǮ
诣
ĳ֯
诣ԣͽг𣿡
أ㲻֪š
诣֪
ȥҲ⣬ӦǵˣֻǲǽŵĳԱ
ֱ
͵۾Ǹ֯Ǹ¶֯
΢΢ס
诣ĳֽ̻֯ĳĳЩ֣
Ҳ֪ô˵ǵʵǽŵļ
룬ҲǼȷʵб£˵Ҳʤκδ˵o
诲ԼǸ鱨ӣ֮俴ȥûʲôȴ֯
Ǹй٣
诣ԣǼҺǸ֯ЩͻҲ£
ͬɡ
Ŷ
诲ԲһЩԹ
Ȼ뵽Լɱ˵йѰġ
诣źͿ¡йϵ𣿡
Ϊʲôôʣ
诣Ϊйٿ׷ҵ˵¡¡
˵ʵЩ˵鱨ռϢðػԴһ֪ɴֱ˵ˡ
Էǰǵʵɱкô
أźͺܶкϵ¡Ҳ֮һȻ
ţ
ʶ뵽ļҹǺ˾
أ֪ؿƼܲϮ¼𣿡
ҿ̫Ϥˡ
诰ţ˵Ȼ̫ϸڡ
Ҳû˵ѡ
ɱǴ¼ըʵңȻҲʼٸߵ˭͵Ҳû¼
΢΢ͷƺҲ⣬ǽŵġ
棿
һ֪µġ
ôţҲǻ㣬ҾǺ棬ô֪ģ
Ǹ˼Ǻš
ֵ㿪һհ׵ͶӰڣڴһͼָӹ֮һһİ׹⡣
Ƕ׵ǣԲ룬Բ⻹һЩֵķš
ԳΪ̣ǵĻձꡣ
ػ˻֣ǸͼɢڿУ¡弫ڸ£Ϊǲ֪ǵ˽š
Ȼʲô˾֪֯
Щ㹻ḻһλˣͻ֪Ĵڡ
ô¡ʵǲⲿ˵֪ˡ
Ͼͨ˿ͼҲζʲô
诣¡˽ţζʲô
ǼѾûж֣ſ⣬ζҪôҪôơ
诣
ܲϮǶʮǰˡ
Ȼû
ԣѾſˣ
Ʃ糬ؿƼĶ»ԱǣѾпƣѾˣıòҲֹһ
诣ԣйٽиߣ׷ɱңйǽŵĳԱǲǴţ¡屳ȷʵǽš
Լǵ˿¡壬ʵΪŵ֯
诣˵ŵǾжǿţ
ô˵ء
ְ˰̫Ѩŵһλ̫֣֮ǽŵ֮һ
诲ŵؿ𡣡
ص˵ͷ֪ǸΪʲô𡣡
诣ɱĳˣɱһȺˣߵʲôرǮˡ
Ұ͵޷Ǿôɡ
ִ̫֮ݻ˼¿ϵԲʮ򣬻ҷ𡣡
诣
诣ԣΪʲôΪɱˣ᣿
¿û˾ûԴֻмĿռվ
ͣһ£ԶΪ˲ԣˣͽ𲻶ߣ˵ĳ̫ˣѾڳˡ
еЦȴЦ
ϵҲ٣˵󲿷򶼲ʺǻǵľס
ǲҪѰҺʵ˾
⣬ǾԶĵطҲЩ˾סĻһ
ϾЩоĻǣ󲿷ŷŵ㣬ǿԿʰĻΪ
Ȼ
̫ԶûԴǸû档
֮ܶǸٵϵӦû˵ġ
ȵȣԲΪ˱ĻǸ˵ΪʲôҪأΪչʾԼ
ã˵
Ҳ֪
ʼ磬һֱд˵̫֮ħˣҲ˵ʹħˣһҲ̶ֳȡ
诣ԣû֪˭ʲô壿
ûʹڲԱҲһЩɵĶ󣬵ûȷ
سһ߲ĳԱ֪࣬Ǽץǳѡ
诲²˵Ѿץŵˡ
诣й㲻߲㣿
˶һۡ
诣ǳģǿԺϻһΣץȵȣ֪𡣡
Ϊ۵Ѫţǵʱйٿصٿ϶ܱԤ⡣
ȻйٵʱҲڿռվ棬ǡڿռվĳͣɺϵؿҴ
Ҳδ֪
Ҳǵİɡ
ص˵þɨķ
诶ʱЩʧˣ
ߵˣһЩƲ⡣
زδֱͬ߷飬ңߣħ󿴵ǸǹֵʱֻҪƣҪɱ㡣
诣˼ǣҪɱˣҿܾ͵סˣ

΢΢ҡͷֻ˵ץͻƳȫʵʱռվܶᱻ١
Ȼɱץһ
Ҷܹħ˵ʹ⵽شѸٸԭȻܵ
ҪϻĻƻ
̾˿ĺɱɱ飬ۡ
诣
Щؿǰ͡
ţҲ֪ǼʵǶԴܵȰ̶ȡ
ʲôЦһ
ңʵûɱңҸãǶбҲڣ֣ҹ͡
诣
Ǯ档


72 
ʵ֪¡
һӦͬԷ, ּĸֱʹҲûʲôΣա
˵ʲô
ĸȤؿ
ʼ磬Ҿ̫ˣôǮ, ָһ㡣
ƺеЦסˣ´˵
Ҳûô𣬡԰, ͦڴ, , ȫͬ
ôǸ, Ǻʵࡣ
еʵ, ұȽϺеʲô
ر䣿
诲̫ȷ˵, ΪƬǶ⣬㿴ȥָ֮, Ǻܲ˵ӣ
ŶҲϲţ¶Ҳеʧ档
Ϊʲô㲻绻һƬ
Ϊͦõ, ٺ, ûôں
سĬһ, ʵҲ, ƽʱȷʵ˵ܶ໰, ҵֵܺãǶ˵, һ˵, С, ʱֻš

读˸ƣĳ°ͣͷԱߵˣ⡣
һô˵һ߿ʼĥйٵ
ࣿ
ԼѾйһΣܿѾ˸ƣ뿪Ϳһˡ
֮
ֵһƣҪץסй٣޷Ҫս
诣ţ
ڶķ𹥻Ҳ׳֡
º͵˵ԣʹĹɣҲҪ֤ԼܳŵʱһЩ
Ȼ
̫֮ڣ˭ðȻţ
Ȼ˹ͨҲоǸֻ֣ҪɻڣǾܺͽŶԿ
Ȼ˹ͨϾǵ
ԼĲҵ
ֱ̫֮ŭˣȥŸУȫըˣǶ˹ͨ˵϶ҲС¡
֮ҲˣҲûʲôصĺ
׸Ѱƺͽûʲôϵ
ΪǲйͣѾǽŵĸ߲㣿
诣ڲǰʵּǿǺĸ߲ԱȻͨԱʵǿ֣
ô⡣
΢΢ףǲͬĽײ㣬ʵҲвͬҪ󡣡
ˡ
൱ڱǿܽ
诣ԣйңû𡣡
ôģ뿪֮ǰ
س˼˼ӣԡйٺᣬԪܵƿزǿԼܣζץѶȻή͡
诣ʲô
ߴĿ꣬ᱻԸӰ졣
˸ӡ
˵ơ
йٲ֪ƣֱԸ˵ֵĺʮԸɡֵĺתϡ
ԸӦʱƱ˴˻öľƣֱӱɶ
ĳ̶ֳ˵ֱӰʵ͹ȥԲٿ˵ˡ
Ȼй̶ֳܲȣĿǰǸա
Ŀɿڴ
׵Ĺ
ƣǸʵս˵õķ
سÿζܷɹиʵģʧʱԼܵͷ
诣Ը˵ɱңʧܻʲôͷԼ
˶һۡ
ҲĴ𰸡
Ŀǰû֤ݱʾһ㣬Ͼ㲻֪ԸݣֻҪ֣߳ҪħûħĲλ
־ٱκһսҪ
诺ðɣԡ
ֻƱײһ𣬷졣
Ԫܲȫħ԰ɡ
ڵҪħ˵𡣡
۾˵Ҫأ
΢Цһ£кܶ档
诣棬ûм۸嵥и
ܰץй٣ţͽ֪㲻ҪǮ
Ҳԡ
ֻǺҲǼǧڵۣͽԼҲøĳɡ
˹ͨһħ϶Ҳʲôˡ
ʧˣǮҪϢ
诣ôõ𡣡
ܺ𡣡
طʵ꼸ˣΪʮħ˺ܶ𣿡
գգ۾˵ʵֵ⣿
ص˵ͷռվÿмʮĿǿˣ㿿ķһ̣Ҿܸо㡣
诣ΪԪܣ
ҲΪܡ
ܻͣͣûʶ诣ڵʵ䣬㵽κεطܵǳҵ
诣
ȷʵûôʶ¡
˵֪Լ֣ʲô̶ȵĸ֣ʵǺ
һҪħܣԣսɣ汸
ؿĲȷ͵ܹħζţ߽˵ˣ󲿷ֶ˵в
գգ۾Ҳħ𣿡
ǾħĽˡ
ݸңÿ˶ڽԪܣǱ־ȶ״̬ʶµġ
诣ðɣҲҾǸһˡ
š
ͬ˵ҲһҲ൱ǿߣԼĶλôȷֻǱȴ󲿷ֵǿһЩ
ȣɡ
ĬĬ졣
΢Цһ£ֻҪ㹻ĳɾͲѷҵáСǸڵʵңų̶˵ˡ
ͬǼ֮϶ҲЩʵ̫࣬࣬οü仹
䣬ڲ˲١
غ̹Ȼ˵뿪֮ܵ˵Ĺע诣ҲӵʾãǻĿģǱжļֵѡ񣬻ҪԼ
诳ĬƬ̣Ҳ𡣡
˵ġһѾǵһ㲻Ӧңҿ϶һ
غº͵˵ΣԼ
գգۣѡһء
һϣ㲻ҪٹʯŵĴ
Ц˵
诣ǵִ
֪
ļ
̾˿ת뿪¶̨ӽԶ˳ȥ
ѾȺһȺˡ
м仹мĽӡ
Ȼħ˵Ѿˡ
诣ڿռվս𣿡
пռߣ㴫ȥУǱ㹻ĵ̡
شı߹
ϵǶʶͷ
诼ǵһŻǵ֣йٲ֪ʧ𡣡
Ĵͣ棬ĴԱҲֻΪʧٵ⼸죬ҵ˽ʱ䡣
诣
λķйȷʵܻ⡣
þѰ㣬ֻͨĴģһ˿ĴԱ
诣
ǳ˽ʱʲô˼
йٶΪ˹ͨĴֲ˼ˡ
á
ֶһѡ
诣û⣬ȺҵĴԱ˵һ
Ǿߡ
ܺá
诱ȥͬʱͷɷһϢ
ֺˡ
ΪԼҪ뿪һȥΪʲôһϵء

ȾͷԶŴ򿪣ȺֵܽܽһΧ
סԼĴԱǡ
ǽһ£˹ͨ
á
ֵʺܽܽ˵ػ˻֦
Ǻá
º͵ػӦ
˺ǵû˿񣬻κνΪ
ҪȥμһȫϢ顣
زͷСʱ
һ£㲻øңֱаɡ
ţӦȥ
˵Ǽħ˶ûôöԸȻ㲻ϣڳĻ
ħˣ
ħ˵
诲д󣬱ϾδħеǿߣֻҲռʱ䣬ܸҵָһܸлġ
Ǿ˵ˡ
ٴļת뿪ˡ
ðɣġ
סԼĴԱǡ
ٶȽһ£ֻǼԴ
̣֮ӦǺܴ֯ǵĳԱκݣСĵ㣬йٲΨһһųԱ˵ڶķʲô¡
诽ԼĹԽӿڴͳһ۱õĻϡ
ŶиǳΪ߹ļһϢ԰Ҹղ˵½ڽŵЩ
ֽժĹԵݸ½
߽ӹ˵Ǹϲ㡪
诣ܡ˵ǿܡǶҵĲ²ѡ
ǲҪˡ
½§סļ򣬡ϾǸϻûȤҲûȤ˵Կһ¡
һ˵һ߿Ÿոհȥķ򣬡ȥͦġ
ǿɲҿһ¾ܳɵġ
ʼ磬׼ȥˣСĵ㣬ȥˣй٣ǡ
ԱǶԴ˺
½ĿͷȫϢģ豸ҿԼװ˯ɭ
ܽܽػ֦
˸ơ
½౻֦鵽צӣ֮ǿڴװһŶǵ˽˲
诺ܺˬػ֣û⣬ǿоһ£Ǯ
˼䣬ͼҴҵ뿪ȥɼˡ
ŴıӰĬ˼ӣֿʼ˷ܵȻ˵û䣬ԺȻ
磬ˣ
½͵ؿֳ豸
һûʧȥ֪
½Ǹ˻Ϣˡ
˶ʱյһ
̫ܽܽʲô
½˻ظݣ

½ӦѾ͵һ˰ɣ
½ֻ˵ҿԸڽŵ¡
˼ûҪ˵
½ɣظڿ
½ҡҡͷҲˣʹڽŵ¡
½˵ϲһǲظΪˣô죿㻹ʲôʵʵ˵
֦ܽܽͱһ£˵ܡ
һӯ仰ޣϧڡ
½֪˵ʲô𡣡
ܽܽ
½ҡҡͷţҪŪøӣ֮¡
δ䣬ٴ
½ˣôôô죿
½ҿֱӵţȻϢ
˵ܻôˣ˵Ϊǽٷˣ
ܲٿӰֲɵӡ
ѹԸң
Ĺԣ
ƾʲô
ָҵģвɣ
ܿʼԷͺ
Ǿ˼ܽܽҲȥһ͵ֱ֦Ӿס˹Եһߡ
͵һ
½һֱŵܵ߬úܽһ͵ϮδɹֻùԴлһ¡
ؽͨˡ
һߵ˲û˵
ڳŭֵҲ

ˢˢܽܽ
˹գŴ۾޹ؿǡ
ء
½ʼѰͬµĿ϶˭˵Ķԣ
֦ܽܽ˸ֵ̯ĶҲ֪
ٴγ
ܴ£ܽװԲʲôֻҪ̶ֳȵĻֱӰѹԸǱߵɨػˣ
ҲˣҪϵ
½˵ùԵϵʽϣǱ߻źš
½ȫͬ⣬ҪںԼᣬ㻹ǵڵһҴϣСײʹ͵Ǵ𡣡
ˣ͵飡
½˵ǵĴ͸ոǸݳƷƵǧڸǵڹԼᣡ
ȵȡ
ȥħ˵
Ǳ߽ͨҶˡ
½ԼᣬȻ֮ȷʵܻᷢһЩԼŻᷢ¡
½գգۣǰϾǴ
ܽܽ˻֦ԡ
㻹ǲ֪˵ʲô԰ɡ
֪


73 
С
һű鲼źɫɽҵĻ, ȥƶҺڰҷкҵֲĺۼ
ΪܱСǴӷ籩ײĻɽʮƵ
ȻһĿԴ, ȴûоסأûܹȫ½λá
ڹĿռվ
诱¿һը
ȻսܴݻһСǡ
ڣɢĹ̵, һڵħ˴һ
Զ಻ϵĻɽ, ϡɼ緢, ͬա
ЩʯڵģЩ⻬Щ, ɫޱ޼ʵԶӡ
ϱ鲼Źѵĺۼ, ȷ紵, ֲڵɳʯĴ
诱ӳȥһľʯִʯ
˵÷ǳе
š
Ķ, ʲôิĲȱħˣһħˡ
Ȼܹ˵ָħˣҲöԸ
ȥ, ֻǳֻ, Գ, ֱϲ˴СС, ͵, оݰݣдŵͷ
ֻҪһ, ͻᱻ˺һ⡣
ЩݷǳӲ, ÿα£, 򶼴򲻶ϡ
ϵƬҲ쳣ؽʵӲʤЩϽ׵ײȻ
ڼ䣬ץסһܹĻᣬӲʮ롣

۵ԴҪըˡ
ץסᣬڳɫʡ

Ϊдԣй¶Լĸ说δκιսʹù
Ҳȷʵ˽ϰܶΡ
۳һ峤һת˳ħ˵۾˽ȥ
ħź㣬ֽԴĸʴܣǳɹƿ˷
ŵ˶Ǻ˵ζ
ʹʮ£ֻθҪŻ
ңΪ˴һħ˵βͳ˰
ѾʧȥӾֻһƬڰҲû֪
˵ЩƿԪػɽƫƫħµˣ˻λʱ޷Ӱ졣
Ԫӿ
ۣպ۽ƬȻ»ָӾ
ڰ׻ҵ߮ŵɫ˿ƺǸոܲĺۼ
ϵħȥ
˸ԭˡ

һ˲ֱħ˵βʹˡ
ƤǶϽѵˣֻҪݵħѸٻָ
תͷ
⻬羵ĺϵӳ
ոѾٵ˴롣
ȻǼʱ䣬ֱùۣ
ЩֲƴڵĺۼͱƮƮĨȥˡ
̾˿
ôܲԪء
ðɡ
˦˦Ĵ룬Ǹɼܰɡ
ոյսֻǿĻʽˡ
ÿһζȡԪܵĹ̶ּܴ࣬սȡȤ˵ڱ֮ǰΪˡ
ֹӡ
кȻһķĴţ߿ȼյĽɫ档
ŵһǶķռվĳ칫ҡ
һƽ̤봫ţ˻֣رˡ
Ŷ㿪ˣ
ͼħ˵Դ״ո˸к»Ȧħ˵ľǡ
š
º͵صͷǰѪĻ棬ƺû˿ʡ
˸ط
šħ˵ĲӣǶʱһ
Ȼ⻹ûꡣ
ͼԼħצӳеħ˵Դ
Ⲣһɵ¡
צȻЩƬҲͬ᲻ɴݡ
ôסħ˵β͡
һ룬϶ʱʮѪģ˿ڣмֱӱˡ
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˫ʮָָƬħ˵ļȻʹ⿪˺
ƽעһĻǿʲôĳ
ڳħ˵ĲѪ˺Դ
ڻԪܡ
˵֪ܿḴҲҲôս
ħʬ״̬ǵ״̬ʹ˺ҲûԪ硣
诣ĺˣҾϢһ
㲻ҽ͡
غº͵˵սҪʲôҲֵġ
Ҳᶾ೰
ǵȻġ
ôš
˵
ϵĸֻеƢ
Ҳÿ˶Ǹ쵰һƢ粻Īͷ
׶

̫ˡ
һ⣬ܻеð
诱ħ˵ԴŲϿڴѪӿ
˿˿ƵϸСɫ֫䶯ššǰ쳤
ԪܻӰ˵ǡ
΢Ц˵ʲôҼҵĵܵԼҵǡʱ̵ĸֱ֡
ʵûôĻ
Ժŭ𣬻һãȻ
诣ţˣҪ裬ֱ˵ʵɡ
ͣһ£ԼǣҲһǳʵѷɫ˰ɡ
ƺû뵽ȴҲû¶ð顣
ֻӦһԣ
诣Ϊᡢǳ֮ɣͲһ߲Ը𣿡
أѾ˵ԼĻôԼ᣿
诣ΪҲһֿܣûףֻǵףȻͽˡ
ðɡ
룬ʱԼˣʱǱԼңʹҲڣҲΪ˵ɡ
诣ʲô
ҲȷԷǲԼᡣ
˵ֻҵѣˣʱ뿪ʼµĹϵΪոշ֣顪
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أΪ˵ЩôΪԼ治㣬һ߳ܵ£
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Ц
诣νҪ˳ۺƢͶɣ㳳֣ܵǻʵµһҲҪ
Ȼ⵱ЦҵĴ𰸺һġ
û
ˡ
诺ƶš
㲻ʵĻⷽʲô鷳𣿼ֵԼ󣿡
ʵ
ҡҡͷֻǾûҿԶԼһЩ˼棬ΪҷҺ񾭳ںһЩ޵ദ
ȻҪҰο˵ǿģøֶëɡ
ʵϸ
вĴֻˡ
ԼҲֻһ˵诶ⷽûǿ
еЩҲл߾ϵģ仰˵˾Ϳˡ
û⡣
صǺͬĻҿԸܡ
诣ȵȣҲϾʱҾ÷˾͹
ҵֵܺǣĿǰ
诵ĻȻֹ
Цؿ
档
ûᵽԼ
һ룬读عôš
ֱܲΪʲôųԼȥͺ˼һ
诣˵ͬͬĸǼ𣿡
΢΢üǵģ㿴ȥܸˣǵͻˣ
šš
诺ǵ˵ȷʵ˧
Щε΢Цǰôá
ҲǰҾֵô˵£Ƿ̫һ
ħ˳µԴ
诲òٴͶս
ԣħ˵Ǵǿ忪ʼ𣿡
ԴҲ᳤һ壬ֻٶȺ
ֱԪܺľ
ۻش˼Сʱ
ȡԪܣȻħһֱûе¡
ʵڲɾôӻ־Ԫܲдħ˻ҷ
ˡ
Ҳӷ֡
ƣš
˽̹ʹԪ𣿡
ڶħ˲ȱʬԱʱڿѯʵ
诱ϥǣĨĨϵѪҴúãֱ˵
ֻǾЩħĳʶ㻹֪
غĵ˵ڵԪܲ٣ѾԳһħĽ̬
һ¡
Ȼֶ
ɴ
ˡˣҲûۺԼ˵ֻ̣ħƺȤȱȱ
诣ܲһ£ʲô
һ£ٸӡ
ӣ¶ָ޳ɾ
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Ĳħ̬ᷢ΢ĸı䡣
ֱָָۣܶҲӡ
诲ɵͷ
ȻЩ仯㻹ࡣ
ϵƬȥȫħ֮λᷢĸı䡣
诣ħˣ
ÿ˵Ľħ̬ͬȡڱԪܵЩħˡ
ص˵ͷŻÿɱߴ˹ħˡĽ塣

ãȻؿеûΪ֮䶼һӣЩģЩģ㶮ɡ
Ҷ
ЦЦڰοһ㣬̬ǲȶģɱһħˣͻһ첲߶һβ͡
诣ȥ
˵ʵԴ˴֮ͲôԼսˣϾӮҪġ
ƺҲʲôԪܱ鲼ȫʱͻӲ֫ħת̬
̬ȫֿȫЧ
诶ˣ̬ȫħĹٷƣ
࣬Ȼûʲôٷ˵ϾЩ
诣ҵԪ㹻ȫħ𣿡
زÿɷ񣬡ҾԣȻҶԪܵĸ֪񣬵ҿóѾúܺˡ
Ŷ
诲΢ЦҾԡ
Ȼûгɹ
ļСʱںħ˵սԹԪܱ鲼ȫ
ȻҪһ򱶡
ֽսﳣõĲλħǳס
۾Ҳǡ
ȻطԪܾѪϡ
ãǱһְ˰ħ˵״̬ЩطƬЩطƤ
ڼ䰲ػ˿ռվβμԶ̻飬ҲΰοļⱾҲһܹġ
ȵ诸ɵһħˣŵϵʱ򣬴Ӵ˹ͨס
Ҳò˵ø㡣
˵Ӷĺڷָ䲻մѪͳ
˿Ūֺ·һΪҪҴˡ

۵˵ҡͷûˡ
Щħ֪Ǽɵ㣬Ҳǣ޷ȫרעмĿܻ֮лˡ
ûȫ̶ֻʱʱһҲǳˡ
صķ֮诵һԼҸͷˡ
ոΧĴԱǣʱǳʡ
˼ĿУڴԱǾ𾪵Уε̾˿ʾֻҪ˸ϴ衣
诣Ҫ˯һϣ˯ڼϴһ飬Ȼٰҷŵϡ
Żظ벻Ҫᣬ£ʹҪķҲṩҸոֻΪϢһ¡
㣬㣬ǵý˸ϴ衣
ۣȥ²ˣҲȥԷĳƺˡ
Ȼһͷ½ļ˯˹ȥ
ǻû˵Ǽ£
½Щץ˵ĺۣҲ
½ҡҡͷҪΪ½
֪ˣ
½һֱָӻոպǸһ۵˯ˡ
½ǲв
ܿ찲˷˹
ҲûǼ¸ǵĴ
ȵһ˯ѣѾĴϡ

ïʢ׵ĺ֣ԼӨγˮϸĺҶƮˮ̶УԶСٲˮ
ˮ̶ʯ񱻴ĥ÷н㴩С
ͷһȷʵͦÿġ
ɤӣعصȫϢģ⡣
Щķ羰ȥһװࡢռҡ
޴³ǽŸַ·һⶼǼֵǧơ
һκ͸Ρ
ΪӶ˶ϰЩսЯƷװ
û࣬ǲԣǻᱻЩĶ

ڷСʱĻװϷ
ҪǻΡ
ɫıʯʯȫԴһ飬ͷٵָȵȡ
𴲱ߵĹ߳ҵʱѡһȽзװ硣
ϾʱҪܡ

ֵȫϢ۾ϷŲ׷ժ豸
ܽܽԱ߷һӻᣬ״Ҳı˹
诺˸ƣôû°ɣ
ûû£úܿģһ¡
½ֹ㿴Ϣ𡣡
˵ָָϵĹԡ
Ŷԡ
诲ԼǰɷϢдԱǿԻظŵ飬Ǻ˵𣿡
ͷһ£Ϣ¼ֻʾԼģԼӵʱ䡣
诣
诣Ǻ˵ˣ
½û˵ģӦǵʱСİˣǻҺҸڳܣǲ֪Ѿͨˡ
诣ԣȻǳ˰ӣ
Ȼû̹ҵ
Щ⡣
诣ˣϵɡ
鱨ޣӴ֯ҲһϦ֮ԲģɶЩ±ûر⣬鱨缸յûʲôӰ졣
ץסй٣ܻøϢ
ķռվϲ㣬⿪ŵ˽򣬳ͨѶָġҡԱסȵ֮⣬һЩΪ˹ͨԱԼʯŸ߲׼Ŀͷ
뿪Ǽͷ˰ص֮һ
˹ͨʱ뿪˶ķҪ
ҡҡͷ˵ʱǾʹ԰ɣ
˵ƻ䡣
ǾС
说ŴԱٴλ˶ĳ
ΪͨǮ¸ֻһϷȤֻҪ˲ǰףӮûôں
ҪǣЩ˲й٣ǧע
ĶϣҲټǧˣӮҲ
ش˼֣ӮквûǺйٴʱѺơ
ȵȡ
ǲʲô⣿
ֻԼץסʲôؼ㣬һʱ˵
˵йٵɹиʵģǰٷְٻɹ
ôʧأ
Ϻá
ĳλӱˡ
иڷվԱߡ
Դ˿ڸ۾ĵػ֣说к
Ӧùòɡ
һ΢ЦһڣˣҪٺ𡣡
诣
ˡ
͵վһӡ
Ҳˡ
ֱƣת뿪
һ·߻ͣ򣬻û߽ɴȻͱסˡ
ɵ㣬װġ
ڷ˱ֱվǰ棬֪ʲôǸһ˻죬Ҫ뿪𡣡
诣Ϊʲôߣ
ɱ˱ʮ
й˵ˣûǰɡ
诣ģ
Ŷֻ㴫һ롣
ͣһ£ǵĹأʸΪµıʮ
诣ָɱ
ɱңͼΪȫ̬ǴľҲԶԵĹƽԾ
诣˵ʵǿɲôƽһ˴һء
͸ʸˡ
һҾܾǡ
˷ӣ֪
й˼˵ǲԱĹԼѡ˿ѣõĴţɲõĹԼȥ
诣ǲǰŵģ

йغһƺҲƲϷ˴µĹ
˵ģǲκγԱʲôԼ¡
诣Ҳǿŷʲôа񣿡
ʲô
ͶһʮĪ񣬡ûֶ֪֮ǵ׷ľʲô
诣ðɣǲԱ˻ʲô壿
񣬵Ĺ޹ء
͵Ѿ˼ֲͷ˼
ʱһ㣬ӦȥʲôʱԼĹӶԼ˹ͨ˯ԣĴأ


74 
Ȼû̻ش
װģ˼һ, ̵ؿڵ˽ŵı֮ԸһҲôá
Ŷһ
ڷЦһ, ֻǴһȣѵͲ԰ˣ㻹ǲ˽ء
ҲЦһʲôˣƸаˣ˽ǣ˯
йȻ
ܾöԷ߼Щ⣬һʱȴ֪ôĸǶȷ
ˡ
, 䲻ʵأ
⵱ȻҲ̽ζ
ܵ鵽Լɱ˷, Ҳ, Ͼʱս˿ɲ٣ҪĻԴͷ
ʥǲȱ, ˵ζŲս, ͵ϮɱĿԺܴ, ûһս
ԣ֪ܵ˭ɱ
ʥ壿
йЦЦؿһۣΪʲôʲôˣ
诣Һһ»𣿡
Ҳ֪
йȤ˵, ҵˡ
ţ
诲ĿԷˣ
ǶԻģй֪ô, ԼҪҪΪµıʮ
ȻǿԼ̳еġ
֡ҵˡıʾ, ζ, йǷ˵ϼ, ϼˣ
Ļ, ȷʵǸȽϴ֯ˡ
йƺӲͷˣǰ, ҿɲȥʥ, Ǹ񾭲
诣
Ŷ, ϲ԰ɡ
˳ǣ췢Ųۣ
ʲô
Ϊʲô֪Լʶۺ磿
ѵǸ鱨й¶ϢҲйٵ
诣ǡ

诣ҼúÿĶŲۣǻ˻Ƿˣ֪֮ⷽġ
й٣
˼ӣЦǾ͸Ĵ𰸰ɡ
ʲôôأҼĻ
诼װĶʵ
ܡԪܡȡ֮ħˡ
йٴս
һֻ֣סĺ󾱣״ǵ
ڰ׵㸡ڿС
߾ٵŮͷâǵķ˿
ҲйٵָŶԷȻֻͣɫԱߡ
ȥ
һ룬ӶĺĤףͫ⡣
ź۵ֱ͵̧𣬵ס˵ͷл𻨱Ž
ƮƮغˣеתһȦ
Ŷ
΢΢ҡͷ
Щˣһ˵Ҫңһɱҡ
ǵʴ̫ˡ
ֹһΡ
Ȥ
й˿Ϊ⣬ҿɲɱ㣬ֻʱˡ
ţ˵ÿˣⲻҪܣɣѾ뿪ˡ
诰㲻顣
ⱾǼƻõġ
ػͣйﻹỳо䣬ҪôҪôҲ֡
и⡣
诱۲ħΪʲôһһΣٵиߺŵʱ򣬴Ҷˡ
ΪҿԿ
й˵ҾҪ֪ɱˡ
Ȼͣסˡ
˵
йЩ˵һֱͼң𣬻˵֪Ĺ򡪡
ӶӰȻǰ
̧һצϮؿڡ
ʧڿС
й͵غˣͬʱ˺£¶͡ɫƬܲ塣
ķǣҲŤĤ˰ɫ
ļ¡һ̣β͡
β˵׵ĳȣͨѩף鲼ŷĹУڿ˦ʱһӰ
ħȻԻ˺
ֻ˿ںܿͻḴԭ
˵ƴǸ񶷼ɣ˵ȵԪܵĶ٣Լʡ
Ϊʾħάʱ䡣
ִҪҲû취
йƺʧȥģΪµıʮҾͲ׷ߵǸħˣ㲻Ҫ֪ġ
֪Լס
ףϵĴһһ˳۾ȫպϣȻ󽥽ɫƬ
ԪܰЩצ֫壬ǲٱնϡ
˴һš
ħ״̬£Ƕܾȷ˷ԵЧ
ϵĲǽڻǱƣЩڲλϵķɴҡҡ׹ػζš
˴˶Ȼֿ

йԴͷѪԪܵǲ١
üʮֻ۾㲻ҷɡ
йƺҲսپˡ
һסβ͵ĸٴָ̧֣צͶһͨסϵľ޽
ѽǴѪгȻǸ׳˵βϣȴûһ˿һ˿ѷ졣
һסǰѾ޴İ׽Ѹ˹
ٴνʱԸоĹƸˣħⲫԷóʹ
ⷽҲȱ飬һʱҲӦԡ
ңռƻֻǸնҲܶԷ
Ǿ𣿡
йЦʵ
һֱǻߣвϷں⣬ʱ׹աȫħ
Ҫܿ
诵Ѹġ
޿ɷ档
˵
йƺ˵Щʲô
ܱߵĿռȻݣһﶼŤǱ̮֮С
ͬʱйٵħǿƽˡ
ҲܵϤĿռ䴫͵ּϵףط˵ֿ
Ǳ̮Ŀռѷ֮Уʧԭء
һ룬۽ǵ˴ȼյĹȦ

诳һ߻谵ĴĴѻŷĻ컨ϴŶѵ¡
͸Ա߶ѻҳĴܿ޲ãǿպơ
ɾվʮ׿ĵط
ո֪ʹʲôֶΣǿйٽħȻӲ˶ˡ
ȻǶķֻһ֪Ǳжٹķռվ
㡪
йٸոմӵͱŲˤ棬ǰѴҲֶɡ
Īȥ֫ŵأá
ԡ
һվԱߣ΢΢ͷֱؿ
⼸춼ںԼ᣿
˹ش£ô˵
ָָϵй١
ڰ׵
еĴ͵ػһԲݺɵĲ
һվԭء
Ӳͣ˿С
߱εѹ͸ŤձѳƬ

йٴβҽһҵ
ȻǱƵˮһ㣬ֱըضǣѪҺ͸ȵȺǽں컨ϣײһ鲣
ǰɫľ޽ҲȻɢˣһػҽ촷ۣ׷ؾ⣬ʧ
ǳֱӡ
̾˿
ɲûȥϵʬ壬ֻǾֱ߹ҡ
ֱ˸ơ
ɣ
ȥǳǳˡ
Ȼʶˣ죬ûзκ
诽˰شҺܱǸ˹ͨҲոշʲô
ûϵ
ô˵Ҫ˵ǸոЩ£ˡ
ʱ˿̣ķռվĳӲϡ
ڸոշսֳվƬĴڣƽؽͨ
վһȺƲߡ
Щ˶ֵʮֵûκ˶¶ʲôԵ顣
йôˡ
ʵ
һߣ说źѪͲǽڣҲ֪ǺȻˡ
ͷ˿ɣ֮ҾͿйˣܵˡ
΢΢üƺ˵Щʲô
诽ʳָѹߣȻݺݵص
ɣ
εҡҡͷ
诣ԣйԼҲпռߵ
ĵ˵⼸仰º͵ؿڵҿ¼Ӧòǡ
ʲô
诹еʵ
֪Ҳпռĸ֣иŵ˵ļһ
ص˵û˵ÿγ֣һɱ
ҲС
ҵ˾С
˿йٵĹϵܺ𣿡
ҾͲö֪ˡ
̾һ֮ȻⲻڴĽûΥԼԣҪеΣҶԶЧ
̧ͷ
Ͷһ䵭ʵ򰵺ŭ
ʲô
ֱӰһۣҪЩǮ㡣
á
ؾܾˡ
ʵϣðպйٽֵı꣬ȷʵôˣҾûҪٸǮˡ
读˵
ǰȻӰֶ¡
վǰǿƹҶͨȻؿڣҸʮڣ㻹
Īؿһۣаɡ
˵͸ط˸Ϣ˵ոźų˵⣬˵Լ
ɣ

󳳴ֵ׼
Ʃ˵ƻļƻʧ֮ġ
лˡ
ͷҲ̧˵ǮԺ㡣
ɣлɱ
Ȼأ
ĪطʵйٿܲµҵҵȻϣ˰ذץʣ˵˹ͨ嶼֪
ԺԼʲô˹ͨ岻£ǻֱӾͻԼܹҳ
ˡ
ȻҲһ
ǾŪйٵˡ
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ɣ㲻ûǮ͵ˢ¼ĳ𡣡
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ɣн𣿡
ǿˡ
ЩЦؿһۡ
֪˼Щʲô
ѵЩǱ
Ȼܿóǰһġ
˸ӣɵβԺ󣬶ǰķ˿ճźˮѪʪƤϡ
ϵײɫпӣıϺţж̿϶мѿڣƺʾ˸ոսļҡ
֮⣬һﻹһƴӵĶ׹滹մȾЩѪмӱȥһ롣
ɣ
ЩԲ⻬ӷۡ
ɣĶ׹ˡ

ȻɴŶˡ
Ȼַŵ˿ڴ
ɣ
ȥôں
ŽڴӵҲƺֻΪǸֵǮ
ȻҲûӶϰߡ
ʳװֽҪװҸͰӵǸɱĹӶȴŵ㻷ʶ
治֪÷̻Ǹñ
ȻЩûսûʱ̡
š
ôһֱЩ߰£еŭ漣ɢˡ
ǰѽ
诺Ȼʵôģĳ𣿡
ǡ
üǲ֪νͣûʲôá
诣
ͣͣҪ𣿡
㲻ǺҵĽôϡ𣿡
ͷʺţҾǺ棬ƾհǸóҺˣǸʧˣȥʲôֵħ
ࡣ
ɿһۣҪĲϡ
诣ʲô
ɿĵҡͷҲ

ܾʲôܡ
Ը˵ҲͲ׷ˣϾֻǺҪ
ˡ
գգ۾Ϊʲôֱɱ𣿼ȻĻץסӦҲװɣ
ɣΪ֪
诣ȷʵļ䡣
ɣ⣿
ԣΪ֪ҵɱ
һֺ΢Ŀ˵ǷΪϲۺ硢ðҵѡȻеŭ
͵زͷ
诱̧ͷƣܵš
ü΢ʲô׵Ļ
δ̸ӦֻһĪ
ڴٲһ䡰ǿЦ֮Ļ
ȻһԲ
ֱؿûջǾ仰˼
ְ˶ѵĶͷԴѹȥˡ
ʲô
һ£ŷˡ
Ԫˡ
ɿָֻ֣ȻذĶͷϡ
ҪϿȴڱߡ

ѵ飬Щ㲢ûǸ˼𡣡
Ȼصص˶ͷ
סԴ˼񾭲ɣ
ƺѾ״̬ͱֱؿ
ʲô˼
ƽʡ
诣˵Һʲô˽Լᣬûİɣ
ϴѾشˡ
ʮ䵭˵ȥԼ˭ȥʲôϵΪһں
á
ǳá
ֱЦˣܲܰ㣬´αʲôԲһ
Ҽǵ˵ƵĻˣں𡣡
ɷЩؿһۣκҶ㣬һΪѾϰˡ
诣
Լ㻹˼˵
诣ǰɣУƽʱ²ңûĿǰΪֹһûз£ҪԼֻʱ򣬷Ӧô֡
Ȼֹ
ΪǰĶֱʧˡ
诣ԲۣˣүľȻˡ
ȻʶԼſ˵ɵ
ˡ
طźš
诸ԱǷϢֱӽ
˹ͨ˵ҲˣǰмħˣұʾһС
׷ʣȴֻ˵Ǹϲϣϲ

ûټȥ
Լ֪ĹڽŵһУһԵطɣȻϢʾ
ڿռվתһȦ
һСͽӹ˽еġ
ֻʣ̮ķ棬𻵵УذȾ̵Ѫ
ȥ˴һߣһĻɫ
ǻ쵰ȫ⣬ϾԼĴʹԱܻ
ȥˡ
иҪҪ
诱۾
һֽڤ״ֻ̬ǲǷſ񣬶ʶרעһ¡
ռվɭ亮ɢ
һ룬۵ĲϵӳһĻ
ӶļϣٿȻһμָצһݵֱۡ
ڰ׶ֳ飬
á
۾ŴϵĵӰ
ߡ


75 
񲢷Ǵڵжս, Ҳûκв
лᣬϸ۲ò
ȫ뿪壬ûκָԵ, ҲôƮƮڰС
ĸ߰ơ
ʵϣ课Լߡ
ͼƮ߶ȣһȾ˭ߡ
ȻƺûôȻɵɵڿ, һһ±, Ǳ޵ĺӡ
ȥеȡ
ðɡ
Ϲһ̨Ͼɵķۻ, Լȥ±Ȼһ˵߲
Ĳࡣ
ߵԶ
Ͼйʱ, ȥƺǱڸһЩġ
˳˼
⾿Ǹʲô
ϸ
һͷ׵ĳ, ˳Ʈݵķ˿ڰ趯, ·ˮĺݡ
һԲ״۾ಿλǳ⻬ȥǴһƽߡ
, Ϳֲմߣôһɰ
Ϊ۾Բ
ҲԼԶ롣
һߴһţ˵𡣡
ߺ޷Ӧ
ðɡ
С, Ŵ
ָߵ, ǴٵĻӰ
еԻ
ħ϶, û⡣
Ϊǵ״̬
˵Ϊߵ, Ӧÿʱɣ
Ĭʵ廯
ȻһΡ
诣
ˣ
ָ⴫ΪĴ, ̵ıȻȴκθо
֪ʵĹϵ
ߵǳ, Ƥͷ״̬, ظֱ۶ɱ, ⡣
¶״̬ڰ׻ɫ˿˿ƵĲζէһеͯĵ顣
诣ҪôΪ£Ĭ𣿡
ðǷϻ
ϾӦǲԻӦġ
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հص˵ҪȴһĿ꣬ȻйٶԸĿʹơĺתԼԸ
ԣԼҪʹǲҲҪҸĿꡣ
读ܣԱߵԶۻ
յۻĲǰ˿Щ̵İװ
ֱ
ҪƬ
Ĭ
һӹȥˡ

ߺ޶Ȼ߬
Ϊʲô
ЩԻ
˵ʵ֮
Ʃ˵Ϊʲôڣ
йҪΪʲôҪýأ
Ȼ뵽һԭ
йٵЧҪߴĿꡪ
ħ״̬ˣߵĴڣ֫Ӵļʡ
Ͼ߾൱һˣҲᷢκζνǷʤ
ҪйȥˣǾͺֵľ裬δܳɹ
֮أ
ţӦòֹһɡ
ֿǰķۻ
ǲԼԸ̫ȷ
诣ҪۻƬA5λõǰ
ߺȻе
ƮƮؿ˷ۻ黯״̬£ֱӴ˻ţA5Ƭ
˵Ҳ̫׼ȷ
Ϊʵ壬ûһʵ壬ֻ˵诵УкƬװ״̬
诣
𣿣
ʮּ
ȻвûжһƬ
ܵš
ոսһħħļսȻܶݣʹԪ̫һʱָȫʤ״̬
ˣʧȥĸо͸ˡ
Ӻֱӱرۣһ˵ֱӾڵˡ

߱ƯڿУͿʼһ
说Ϊͷʹ
ʵҪάߵĴڣͻһЩģֻǲࡣ
Ŀǰ״̬Сʱ⡣
ȻǸոʧܣÿһʧܵĴۣЩˡ
诣ԳɹǶ٣㣬ܲ˵仰ðɣˣ㲻ܡ
˼Ρ
ֵǣ诱Ϊʧһξͻ궿ӣͻľԼ
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ȷʵٴθܵţһκûϴôˡ
Ϊʲô
γԵʱƬֱʧȻС
ۻĲҳмˤѷ죬ȴû˿򿪵ĺۼ
ץŻڵİװ˳˼
Ϊ޸ĸӰʵħ˵֮⣬ûʲô֮⡣
ԭڷۻĶֱӱıλá
诣ôҾͼ裬ʧܵĴʧȥһ
ͦġ
ΪʲôʧܵĲһأ
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ԾĶ٣ӵеģӵ40ľ2020ľ10
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诣
εĴ۲ģǷԼˣ
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诿Աߵߣʧܳͷƶ԰ɣҪôҪôĳɹʺõͣҪĸֽԲ߰ɡ
ߵȻӦ
ǣڽһʱֽ˸ĳԣڲϱֱ˼ǻ汻˴Ѫ
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ȻûɹʧܸʵǶ١
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10%ĳӣʮβһܳһΣһٴοܶˡ
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ô
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⣬Լ
ԽԽңյץץͷٽиĳԡ
ֹһǿиֳһɵ䴬
ϴϡɼǵӰ
̫ˡ
诸Ǳ˸Ĵָ
׸ˡ
ˣǱ߹ͦԶġ
Сʱĺء
读ϴ
࣬Ǵ
½ڲ˦˦βͣǶȥġ

̲סһͷëԼǶԼë޵Ķ䡣
Һøж
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½һۿռվķֿ˿
ע⵽Աߣûˡ
£ҪһƧĵط
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ƺԪܲԼʲôû
ŶˣǸ˹ͨ׼
½ָָ˽˲ңҰŽȥˡ
ţ
诲ôһ¡
߽ԼĲңһۿϰž޴ĳӡ
ܽܽվԱߣһ͵֦סӵһߣͼƿĸӡ
ʲô
˹ת۾һգһգ˵ϲġ
΢ضϵ̱꣬ǰ
Ȼٶ˿䡣
һòķˣһͷ׵Ķ̷ӢżаСɫƤ⻬ϸ壬θߴý
˹š
ָĴ˿û˿С
²⿪֮Ӧû¶ȡ
ùɨһ°װʾ룬˿ʹ˵ⶫȷʵǸ߼ܼࡣ
ȻνĹܣҪָҲȤӦеЩ
һЩĹܣƩܼ򵥵ĻҲġ

ͷ˿ſڵĴԱǣûлˣԼϢг⡣
ֵǳصͷ
ֻܽܽЩãȻؿǸˣֿ˿ԼĴ
˹ƺףΪʲôһֵл
ЩûǿҵĺģʶǺԼûʲôϵ֮󣬾ͻȥӾˡ
诣
һͷس˲ңڵͼҴææ˸ط˻
˳ֽҵϡ
ˣװģǵʱˡ
Цӯӯ˵
˱ˡ
á
۾
ĺĤɫǳ׵Ľëϸϸܴ粣㾧Ө͸ӡ
ð
ָͦıԼ촽
Ȼ
¶һ΢Ц
гʼá
˵ҲѡԺá
ûϵкܶʱ䡣
Сʱ֮󣬰׸ŽһŻϣȻһʱǶû뿪
׸žͣԶϢصһƬѩɽ
ڼֵȥһ˳УǱʾǱȻ̫ãֻҪǮҲ㹻Ĺ
ҲʰĻΪΪ䣬˶Ź˾䷢۱·űЯ
ĴԱɸ㵽Ƶ·ȻȺ֮С
诲ɽ޸ɼܣŴµ״̬˴ԱżЩ
Ҳ˳ȥ˷бйٵȻڣƺûȥ졣
ȵٴյɵϢҪǰ251ǸʱѾ֮ˡ
ֻһ䣬ʾԼܿͻϵָص㡣
ܿ죬ַһϢ
߹йٵˣ
诵Ϣһʱ䲻֪ôظˡ
ƶû˹ġҪҪԣ
ոշζϢֽӵһͨѶ
Ϻá
˵ҲǱϰɡ
̾˿ҾͲô֪ˣ˵ɣʲô¡
ĺϻȥһΪ̵֯
Ȥ˵ҷֺܶȤ顣
说Ӽʻʾ½Լ˳ȥ
诣˵
ǵĻԱֻ߲Աֱ־ʥǱңȨȡ
诣Ŷ
ʥǱ
诣ÿ˵õͼ֡Ǹʲôģʵ
̣Ҳ֪ȡİɡ
诣а̴ֲ̳Ǵת̡
ĸЩϤһʱ벻𵽵ʲô
ĺϻɱй𡣡
̵Ļ˼
诣ʲô
֪ǲ壬ɴֱװɵ
Цһ˵ųԱһɱĳԱͿԶ˵λá
֪ϾйپҪ
ȵȡ
Լɱ˷ˣйǷ˵ϼҪʾͲ׷֮ǰ߿¡ħˡ
Ҳ¡ͽŵĹϵ
ɱй٣ôйٵϼǲҲйٵλã
ϧй̫ûȫʬҲԿϵʲôͼ
诼ҴҹҵϢ
ƶû˹ġɱй֮ûֵֹȥ㣿
߹
ˡ
诿ǴʡԺţֱӷ˸ȥ
诣йٵϼˣ
ɲ֪ʲôطߵĻӻңʱʱը
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ػشյһϢҪҪɾˡ
诣
λϼƸҲ̫˰ɡ
诣Ȼûˣ
Ǳһը춯Ȼ˵ͳɤš
诣
аɡ
诣ҿҪ251ˣϣ鱨Դɿ
ָжҲ֪ҪһҪ˹ͨ嶯ֵʱ;ص㡣
Ŀǰ251ǵĹϿտյȻ˹ͨĽδִ
ɵõ鱨Żҵ׼ʱ䡣
ƵȺǵ󲿷ֻڴ״ֻ̬ԲͬǱĿ
Щ˶ǣ˹ͨߡ
κսλ˻ǻ
ִ251ǣͣ괬֮󣬾ǰ˶ָľƵꡣ
ڶ¥һݻĻۼһȺŮŴ죬͵ߡ
һȫϢͶӰ̨Ӱ
رϵĺɭ֡ɳĮȵȵòٵиǵһϸڶ˺֡
˹ͣ״Լǵλãڼʱ״̬С
վʮˣͶӰ̨ΧһȦ
վ棬ͶӰ̨Ĳǰ˼ضŰ塣
Ȼźڸֻ棬ҲûӶװ磬ȫڵʵʵ
ﰲϢ
˶صͷû˵û˸ҿ
ЩųȥܶһߣһȺ״̬ķˣԭһ
߽ʱͿһĻ
Ϻá
˵
Ͷߡ
ЩǼؿ
𾪣˲ţֻѾԤıҽ֡
ҲҪɡ
ôţȻ󰵴ؿԶĺڷ۵ˡ
Ҳֻһ˲䣬Щ˾ջĿ⡣
ţֻʣһ΢ź
̧ͷ
š
ȻӦһ
㶼ƻˣ
߹ȥִ˴еȫϢͶӰҲ֪˭ṩ˹ͨĶ򣬵ǡ
ˡ
ʼ磬ɿôأ˾Ƕ
ɣ
΢΢üϢԴġѡ
˵ǸʱЩҧгˡ
诣
ջ֣Ŷǿûˡ
ɣ
ƽضš
ʱһƬɱϢѹȸӿ
ĬĬΧһĻ

̫ˡ
žҵ֮ˡ
ֹһôš


76 
ޱضš
Ŷˡ
ЦЦ˵, ôţǰҸոպҵġѡͨ
¶轵, ȴŭ⣬ֻһԲض
诣Ӧǵ鷳׷ɱΪ㣬Ҵææع, ̫Բˡ
ýǸ̽ǹ, Ҳ, ϾҲѡ
ֻһе⡣
ҪôǷ, ҪôǶеǷ뷨
ֱӱ, Ծܾ
, Ҫֱ˵㲻Ҫϲҡǿ϶⵽һ̱ĳ

˼ؿ
ǰʹ⣬뵽νĹľʲôˡ
𡣡
ǰȫϢͶӰ, ˫Ư۾ЩĪ
һ䵭
ɣ
诰һۣ˵Ҫʲô
һ˵һǰ, Ȼֱ, ͶӰ̨ıԵ
ҵ˶һĻ, ӶҪ, Ȼû˭ҿڡ
ֻǼҴҵջ, ¶࿴һ۾ͻ
ȻӲͬľվԭء

ɲɫƳһۡ
ϻ˴һƴӡĳ£°Ʈڿ, ¶һس̿ˮϴɫϡ
ͶӰ̨, ˫ֱ˱, Ƥ׵ü⡣
ϻżϸϸʲм׺żǺ͸ʯ
΢΢ü
ꣿ

ڲԱߣһ֮ңڿػ˻Ρ
һ룬ŷӦ
ǰ
Ī˵
ľǶȣ̫Ӧûע⵽Ľϴʲô

ס˼
ûһľɶģƽʱôֻΪûҪԶ
诣ǡ
ǾͲǡ
ƮƮɨһۣʲô
诣
诣ë𡣡
ٴһ˲
˵ˡ
ȻԹȺ𾪵ǣȻûκηӦ
ƺǸӻ־Ͱðķˡ
ڷֻһֵԱŮĶͷܿ졣
诣
үġ
ʵҲûô졣
诲̫ȷţҲǱƽյԿһ㣬ԻΧڵġ
һǺϤ໹ôţ
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ͺס
ɵ
ӵˣֻҪ۾ǵĺᱻնС
ƫƫǰһ
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̶̼﷢飬ǵ֪˾޴ƫ
ϾȥļʱȻǲպദҲʹ˲¡
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ûǿ˵Ҫһٶֱ
ǰ֮Ѿвˡ
ɣ
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죬ţҲȻˡ
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ɣ
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ԷͶӰ̨ϣ߶ӲһЩֻҪǰսǼͻ䵽ЩҾ̵ķ˿
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ϹһƬͶӰȻǾҮ˹ĳǱܼĽͽֵһ޴Ŀոۡ
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诶ⰲŲ飬ʲôԮִոۣиִȻȥǣ
΢΢ҡͷǻҮ˹ĳٻʽ
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ش
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³ıѾã˹ͨȻڱصãɽΧסԱ̬ȡ
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ɲǽͻ߲뱩¶Լͱ뾡뿪ս
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ƽ˵ʱƶƻ˲뱩¶֮⣬ҲֻΪҵȤ
诣
š
΢΢𴽽ǣƺʧﷴӦ˼
Լȥֿ̲ܣɱˣҿˣ̫ˣô
һ˲䣬诺ȻʶԼʵûô˽ˡ
诣Ҳǵ㣬ֻҸ㳰ҡ
ܻѺܼ򵥵ŪúܸӣԼ
ɵ˵ѾϰˣѾ㱧ʲôҪˡ
ۡ
ۣ̫ˡ
Ľ˹ͨǰ¶
һ˶ЩƷη壬ԴȨƵλĲࡣ
ΪЩƷ׻ٵͨ˵ʧҵ޷˺ͷɴ
ԼˣηȴЩ۷Ķߡ
ǻǸͷʱѹա
ǣأ
ɡ˹ͨĸ֣ҲֻǺƽͬȼĴڡ
˵ûʲôµġ
ðɣϵĻһ𷢸ҡ
说˸ָȥȲȵ㡣
ӿڴͳī׼
ˡ
ͣסŲЩЦ˵һʼ˵ļһЩϻˣұΪֺ׵Ĵڡ

Īؿ
诣ŶƩ˵Ʋң˵һЩȻҰá
ϵĴ
ĬȻƬ̡
Ⱦˣ
ûа
ʮԩ£ôܺȾƣ
ȥˣ۶ɱǣ㾹Ȼǵл˸Ʋ㣿
ˣ
诣Ҳ֪ǿڼ£Ϊǳ֮ġ
һһɱǡ
һ£ð𣿡
ɼʶҪͷȻֱˡ
κû¡
䵭˵
诣ðɣȻˡ
ϳǻͶȥζһƳ
ɣ
⡣
Ȼʹսᣬ读ͻ뿪ˣϾո׼ҪߵģֻΪ˶˵һ¡
ɣΪʲô뵽£
诣Ҳ֪ǹѪС˵˵ĺ֢
ϾԼǹѪأѵȻ
ԭʮ꣬ͺԥط󣬺ߵǻҳӣֻǴࡣ
ҸһЩˬȴĪչúܱڡ
ָ˵ûпֺܾѷֵľ飬ABǺûѣȻһ죬Aʶ˸ѣиCBĹϵܲCBBCȻAȴûάBBCǸABɢˡ
ʱƵڶҲãʱ̫һ硣
ɣҿĹ¡
ȴ˵ӿ̱񶾵ĳ
ɣǲҵѡֻһȺ
ͣͣȻֹصͶӰ̨
Ļɱ˶ûϵ
⻰˵÷ƵȥڶȴûаЦ˼
𾪵ؿʲô
˼ӡ
תͷǼͨ
诣
ɲص㡣
诣ϧˣΪʲôɱǣ
Ϊã
ֱӾͱʾԼɱǣ
˵ľ²ɣ
诲ͬ߿ЩˣҲɰɱ˹ߺֲܿ
ֻǾԼĺϻе㲻Ծ
诣ǸղŻڿ԰ɣˣ԰Ǻ
ҪȻ˰ס˼

վ࣬޳ָסιǣӲԭء
ü˫ٿȻЩֻ㣬ҲΪˡ
Ȼҧҧɢ
仰˵üΪ
ҡҡͷ֪Ҳᡣ
ֻΪԼ
һ룬ɿŮȻ黯ǻӰڽɢϢƿء

Եض˶ָ
Էֹ±ס˼米
׸άĲϣܸоļ⡢Լ
诲ŵػعͷ
ëħΪץ
һ˵һ䣬Űڼϵ޳ƣֻڱϷ⡣
׾Ȼû˺
Ҳûצӣ
ûħ
诣ôģ
Ŷ
Ԫʹⷽ棬һЩͬš
Լħˡ
ˡ
诣ſҡȻҺƴ
΢΢ü
诣֪ƴ㣬һֳܴĶ˵ͻᾪ˹ͨŶ
ɲΪ⣬ûϵ˾Ҽƻʧܡ
诣ļƻɣھ˭в˭
ɷſ֣ȥʥ𡣡
诣벻ҪԪܣ룬벻뽫ħ棬Ҳ룬ֻ˵ҾΪɱһһûĻΪսһ֮ģǸ˽㶮ɡ
ɣ
ⶼʲô߰ġ
ɣȥĻǾһȥôϻ
诣Ŷ
ΪԷ˽۹뷨̬֮ġ
ɣǸ˽֪
ˡ
诣ǧץǸ˵ħˣһӦǸ͹ȥ
ɣֻǾǷҵġ
诣ûоǷ㣬Ҹˢ¼㵱ţ¡
ɣЩǮġ
诣ҸˢѵǮҲҪ㣿ܲһʱҵĳ
ɣʱңУǮңҰ¸㷢ͣҪ֪ԼĵȼӲ
诣Ρ
ȵȡ
ͣһ£ҿ԰Ǯ㣬ÿ²һڵʡ
һӣûǶʱнġ
ޱشһȭ


77 
뿪Ƶ֮, 诺ؽһȵ㡣
Ү˹ַѾ˹ͨߡ
ڽ϶ͷѲ˻Щǡ
ҲûðȻȥ, ֻڿոΧǻһȦ
ڼ˼ģ깶һ飬ǱһЩĿⷿҡ
ֻΪϤո۵Ĺ졣
ȥ͵
һ˵һ߿ĦȭƵĴԱǡ
诣ԼûзʲôֵǮĻ
ֵʱȻ
ͷʹǲǵ
Ȼǰ
½޹ػ˻β, ֱġ
˳˼

½, 㿴Ҵ
ڰ׸ŵϢ, ǿո۵ͣ͸ϴܿһһҷɴߵ
˽˴ڵ, ڲʻԡ
ٶ֮, һ䴬ո˽, ȻΧûװжĹ̳ˡ
ֻһȲŴ򿪣һ߳һվ¥ȥ
ûж, Ӧֻͣһ¡
һ˵һ߿ϵı־
ҹǺ
˵Ｏ˽ΥƷĺ˹˾
ȻҹǺעЩΥƷֻǷ, ǺϷġ
뵽, 뵽ۺ, Ȼʼĥǲɺϡ
֪ܵ˹ͨļƻ, Ϊֶθ, ΪǸûоȥأ
Ҫ֪ǿĲƷ֮һҪƴĻ, Ǹ֮һҲǿȥġ
²ЫЫ, ɾͶ, ˭
ȵȡ
Ҳûˡ
诣ͨ˵ֻﲹܣͣʱǲᳬСʱİɣ
ܽܽȻ״̬⣬ֵȴܷӦϾǶ֪£ʱ롣
½㻳ǻƻ˹ͨж
诣Ҳ֪
й˵ųԱĹԼѡģԼҹǺ˾ͽź޹ϵء
ıǽţôӦǸɺϡ
诣ȥ
һģҡڵشոۣոȺԱĺվ¥
¥ɢȥԷȥɷѣȥʣµһȥ˾ưɡ
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ЩԱЩŮӶ࣬һߺȾһ߾ڽ˵̸˻ľ
课ڲԶţȺǷ״̬
Ǹոսһزʯͽ
֮⣬Ҳû̸˽һ顣
ǵǱﷸİǣȺƺҲûؿƿıҪ
ôҲÿһ˶ҪдΥƷ
һȺ˷׷뿪ˣ˳ֿ˼䵱زơ
课ڰ̨ĿŵϣɴԱǷ˸ϢǴϴ۲һ¡
ܿ죬õ㱨Ⱥ˶ص˴ϡ
ȥȷʵֻż
á
һķԱ˹о̣25Ŀ͸ġ
˵껹֣ʾ25ķλ
读عͷȥ
ھưɻ谵Ľ䣬һ꿿ɳϣ΢Цų߾ٱʾ⡣
Աżˣĥϵ׷¡
Ǿ߹Ŀ΢ζſ۵Ļ档
ȥһȺӶ
ȻҲǵ
м䣬˶ӵڼ䣬⼸˽ӶͶĿ⡣
诶Ÿ߽űɢĻζµӦһİֲơ
߶ԶҩԱ͸ߣΪܹħˣ±ҩմַܷ࣬Ӹԭ
Ȼֵ÷ǳԼֻǸԸߵ·˼ס
ûǿܣҲԪܣ˲ȵİľơ

Ǹվ
ΧĹӶǷ׷壬мһѡ
εЦЦֱ˹٣ֻ˵ûǱƣֻ÷Աֱ͸㡣
ͷΪʲô
Ϊ
߽ʱҾͿˣȺۣǻᷢһ
ЦЦؿ𡣡
Ӧø˵ģȻõĲԼֹά޸о
°ʹ
ĸޣƤڵƹ´ɰ覡
ĲһֻƵĴ࣬ȾŹͼĩˣ΢΢۽ǡ
֣Ħ
诺֣򡣡
Ǳ˴һĿڡ
ĦЩεƳͬǣǱ˸ָȻתͷ¡
ԣǵ𡣡
ء
ȻһĻ·ˡ
ҳڱ򣬵ס
ֻͣͣҪƬرΪ񡣡
诣ǹӶ
ǰ
صͷǮ¡
诳һϣԣʲôԢ𣿡
ûʲô
Ħʼ磬ˡ
һ˵ձָǲ٣ָ١
ûڶԷϷκȻҲֻصúܺãϾǹӶ
ǲѡġ
Ħ˵¶ӵ飬Сʱ103ǣΪһɱϷġߡ
˵Ǹ򡢱ＯƿصİϣĳЩ׷ֵǮˣһֿɱϷ
һߣǹͨˡ
ЩɱĵǣǸޡ
ֱЩǲޣǿʼҪɱˡ
ɱͨ˶˵Ҳ̼ϾЩڽһץһѣһըҩըûҷ
֪˭췽˽顣
֮ܿ챻ˡ
ǣߡǵУһЩ庱˺ͻѪǱǿϷ¶ַ˵
ұ췽˷ߣǸ˴࣬ȻҶϷ
ڵǸˣÿ˶ɵÿһ㣬һ㡣
Щ̵ЦЦһ㣬ͿԻʱ޽һ֮ǰ
诣
ҿܶȥɱǱǹ壬ضѪë
ɱϷ췽Ϻ̧۸ЩȫϢӰΪ棬˼Ϊ߰볡á
ȻƱжߣҲ֮͡
췽ƳаȥЩʱɱģʽҵĳɼ
˵ֱһ㣬һʱڣɱ˶ˡ
诣Ҫˡ
233ǵҲܸߣû顣
诣Ȼӳˣ
ࡣ
Ħ̾˿һ˼ϷȻ˰ǿٵˣ103ֻһƬ̫
诣һֱࣿ
ʲô޷ĨȾϣ
ȻǹӶߣƾ°ⶼеҲԸԭ
ҽˮ׼Ӧûûʲô޷ġ
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ǰÿվӣһЩ¡
̾˿ȱ˷ɵø졣
诣ܻȥ
Ħͷһۣû
£һâֱǰ
һֱûж·״̬ټϳսɵıܷӦһֱӲܹ
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𴽽ǣΪͽֻϣҲɡ
ĦȻֹ
Щյץץͷ֣һֱʹþ𡣡
诣㻹ɱأ
˲ʲô
ڴ˷ļкУֱӴһ
⼸Ӷͬʱ˹Ȼҫĵ⵱ձŷӲǡ
ץĦͷˤһߣ̨ʱѿܱһƬǽ塣
صؿ˼ֿס󣬡Ǹˡ
ڰӶ
ֱʧȥӾ

ǰڵ˲䣬ʶų˴룬ͬʱͨжϹķ
Ȼһ룬綼ž
Ҳˡ
Ҵϵ۾Ҳ޷
ġ
ǸԵӾᣬֻһ˫۾
ͬһʱ䣬ǼƵľˮϢͳͳʧ
ݡ
ֱԪػˡ
ٹ˲ûƻ᲻˼޹ˡ
Ͼδôĸй˭֪ǻ᲻ɱС
ԼҪǣȺӶֻɱûʲô˼ɡ
ȴ̫ȥ
Ϊ
读Ϲʧϵdebuff״̬
Ԫػ޷Ӱ죬ǱȻǸϵĹԷܿѾˡ
说жһ·ֱӻһ׹
ײ˺վ¥Ĳǽųȥ
ʣһȺӶȻ󱻿ո۵ĹԱΧסһȺװ˻ڿָǡ
üһ
Ħ°ͣȻ弶ߣһΪǸħļ
ȻǱȽһ⳥
Ϊ¼ƿʼܶŹġ

诶Щһ֪
˲ʮӣٶ㣬ӦҲǺܳһξ롣
Ȼײʲô
ֻǸоƬϷ¹䡣

£ڵϴ˸ůשʯͺصĵ̺
ţ
ڵһȦȻĲ
ȵȡ
͵ѹ
ոΪʲôûħ
ͷһʱͷԪܣǰĺڰʱɢһƬްƮŹ˿Ұ
գգۣħ
һлָ
үģ
ֵĵϵʲô
վһװ¡ռԷһʯԲԡأһʵĴ󴲡
Ļһ룬деɭ֣Լеƹ˸
诵ͷ˿Եĵ

ûźˡ
ܿ죬˻
мӰӹ
ЩԶ̲ٿص˻ִʱѾ뿪ֳ
ͽһȺ˻ãȻǻԭء
һߣȼپƵĵĿԱ
ʲô
ǲޣ֮ǰװ޵ʱ򣬾мֻѪɽˣѲײˡ
ȥң
ܱشǶ˵򣡣
𼱱𼱡
ԱߵĸȰڿ˲࣬ҿӦöߡ
ԲŲһȺĹ񵽴ҷɣ
ܷŭſ̨ȷͷûֶ
һȺ˼ææȥɻˡ
读״̬
طźŲ̫ãʱʱޣ˰죬ûϢȥ
˵ͼһֱڼء
ڸתһȦ
һƬ羰ɭλɽ䣬иߵʹ˼ʮͷȥǸȼپƵꡣ
󲿷ַǿյġ
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Ϊʲôûħ
ڵսϰߣˣܸܵӰ죬õһʱħŶԡ
ոյս񳹵ˡ
˻ˡ
诲֪ûɨģʽûԭأֱˡ
ƵһĽһбĻиʮ׷ڣ֤㹻˽ռ䡣
Ϣ߶š
ѰһźźЩĵطϧһֱûҵ
˻ӹ

ͣס˽Ų
ʱƻϨɭϷѱҹĻ֣Ƶ˲࣬׷˺ڰ
ӰӰ´µĵƹǰȾͷи˵̿ǽϡ
һƬУһǻϢ˸

Ǹ˻ǽ̣ûʲôĶ
ûнҲȷԷǷԼһʱûж
ĴһǸˡ
ԭ
Էϰʹɿ˿ɫ㣬ŽŲʵľذϣű׵÷
ͷ΢΢ĺڷɢڱ
诣
˹ϰɼǰĻȡ֫ݷ
ıܺãڼȳһң·ܵģء
Ҳԡ
ĬĬƿĿ⡣
һǸ˻ڳ̣ƺȫûĴڡ
ˡ
뿪Ȼ𶯵
Լġ
ڷŮ̧֣סĹԣԾƵ
ûпֵĶ
ظûС
ɤͳͣеԡ
ﴫľƵ깤ԱĻظ˳ϻ̳ϿֵĵǸͱʾԼٴ
˰˹ԵĶԻڡ
ٴ׼ˡ

Ǹ˵˵
ٴͣס˽š
Ȼ˽ŲԺڷŮ˱ķ
һˡ
ܿ죬ҵ˳һһŮЩ٣ɫҲЩס
ǱϹϾڷŮ
ע⵽˶ǳƯϵױҲΪ£ûбˮٵ֡
ȻǾһġ
ڷŮû˵ֻǾŹԲ˼£΢ʾ֮˿ʼл
̫ˡ
Ǹ˵ôǮ
ڷŮ˿̣³֣ɡ
˺ܿ뿪ˡ
ע⵽ǵݼΪ£˫̥
Χٴΰ
ʲôء
ڷŮ˺Ȼʵ
诼˼ػش𣬡ҸոΪʲôħ
ȵȡ
ʲô
课㤵̧ͷ
ǸȻǽϳ̣Ҳûб䣬˴ɡ
诲ŵؿȥ
ȻͷûתֻԹԵؿŲǽɭַ羰
诣
һʣȻߣǱҪǸңħ
԰
ڷŮȻ˵°ʾֱħ¡
诼ųһ亹
Ĵߣ
ħԽκܵĸӰ졣
ȻԼӵħ¡
Ǿͻʹħ
ȻǰйٵһֱӰԼ

е㲻ˬΪʲô
ǸͷΪǷȱĶ
֪
诸ˬˣΪʲôҪңҶʱش𣡡
Ŷ
ǸЦһΪʲôҵĿͷſڣҿӣ
诣ΪҺҿģ
𡣡
ЦһƵس˿̣صðɡ


78 
һƺĽͲ, á
Ѿ˻ˡ
ǰλ˵ĻзƵǱȡ˶ƬѲߡ
ʵںЩӻ־ͷϵеĻ, ֻûҪô
οǰһȻ򵥡
ðȻ˻֣˵鷳
诣ҪˣǸ㡣
ת߳ȥ, Ȼֹźˡ
ͣ, վһ𡣡
˵س̲˵
诼æԱǷ˸Ϣ, ʾԼţǵȵȡ
Ȼȥ˿ϵĵͼ

ȫԶ˳С
ֻٴԪػɻȥˡ
诿ŵȷһ·, ׼뿪, Ȼٴοڡ
ħӦǱܷӦ
诲ػعͷ, 
úܲҡ
ڷŮ˲˵ţȻֳһ̣, ʲôʱ򡣡
诲һϡ
ʼ
ǲ֪ʲô
诣ôˣ
ֲ˵ˡ
һһڵϸĻҽָ£ڵذϳϨ
ɭҹӰҡҷ, 紩, ˮ
ƵĻ, հȻ, ˻ҵԶȥ, Ȼ诵ȴ޷ƽ
Էһֱ˵̲ס붫, ׼һˡ
Ȼֹ˼, ˻Ǽ, ûҪڵ˼ˡ
Ϊʲôô˵
ҲƽΪܶսǰƵľʾ𣿡
йûô
ֻйٲ̫óܡ
ǰֵˣҲûôϰߣԭ
˵֮ǰǸԳĦĹӶб
ܱ֤ء
ڷŮ΢΢ͷػش԰

诲ɶ࿴ۡ
˸ͦߣԼһͷ࣬ΪûЬĿҲһװϡ
һͷĺɫƤܰףڻ谵Խۡ
Һʣһһ൱ƯüĿ䣬ܸߣ۾ܴ۽΢΢´˵ʱе޹˼
ĺĤǳڹĻ￴ɫֻĳָѵʳߡ
ͬʱ˵˵Ǻ;Ͷ̬Եɢ⣬ûưĮ
ìܵļһ
ôţΪʲôһ
ϸһԺӰȷ˾˹ͨĳԱҲЩжߡ
㲻˹ͨ𣿡
ڷŮĵ˵ΪʲôҪʱ򣿡
Щᡣ
˹ͨҪһʯħˡ
Ϣй¶ֻй¶һ롪Ҳʯ
ʹǲ֪ЩʯʲôģҲ֪ǷǳֵǮĶ
ԶԷָľʲôأ
ΪԼҪʯ֪ԼĿģ
˵˹ͨĿǣҲޣЩ²ؼĸо
诣û˵Ķ
˼̣Ҳ粵Ŷ
һ㰮ô˵ô˵ӡ
诣
תߡ
˼ͣˡ
读عͷ˵ħӦǱܷӦָʲô񾭷ֵı𣿡
Ļȷʵǲᱻ߰ʾӰˡ
ΪԼûȣϥӦȻᷢ˼
˵ͷһµ̣м䡣
诣˵ѵ
˵˵ͷ
诣ллҡ
Ȼвʱ䣬ѵҲˣֻİ취
ƩôԱڹؼʱԼõùؼƳʾǱȽϳķˡ
ȻҲкܴգϾսе˼ӣͿܻ֮֡
ɶԴֲֻᣬΪھ̫ǿˣûٹ
Ҳ벻ɡ
诵ûҪ˼Ͼ˵ҪϵͳҲµҪԡ
ҲȷʵȥôˣֻڿǿԶԶ
ôء
ڷŮʵ
⣬ƺҲûôĴ𰸡
诣ô죬ΪҲȥ˹ͨĶ´ˡ
˺Цһðɡ
诣ġ
š
ú庢һĿ˵Ҳ´ˡ
诣
鸴ӵת뿪
ⳡľƵˣ·ǳ̵ӡ
˵Ӧʸ̽һ¶Էݡ
Ȼ֪ôܾԼøϿ·
ܵԽԶԽá
ҲǶԷǹĪľ׵ؾ룬һ㹻˾ˡ
̸ħʱĵĿǣ͸¶ŲԾĵط
صɴ֮诰ѴԱټɱ齲˽
ûв鵽Ħ֣
ʲôϣѯ½
ϾɱԼˣϼĿԺܴ˵ҲǱȽϳˡ
ȷʵһ
½ͶӰϵǰ
诣ͣųЦа᣿
Цһ֮ǰˢʱӵäˣôţ
ʱȻϹˣ¶˲䣬žˡ
Եֻһ˫۾֫ϵ۾ܿơ
ĦЦʵԲֹǡ
ɸϵäԪػûֻһ˫۾ӦþǼܡ
诳˼ʱ¶Ҫɱҵ˼ֻΪͽ𡣡
ѵ˵ɱʲôѱڱ
Ǹʾ֪Ħ˵ĻԱ
诣ȵʼҺ͹楸ɼܵڼ䣬ͻȻĳңǿɾˡ
诱˱ۣһĦλá
Է׷ӡȻǸɫǳǳңԶСһ㡣
说򿪵ͼ˿ǱҲǳ򣬶ҿ߶ȣܻڵϡ
ȷԷܷо׷ӡǵĴڣҡ
δ䣬׷ӡʧˡ
说ŭ
Ǽһħ
һԤУֱħԼ׷ӡǽˣ
ָŵͼߵļء
һ½΢΢ҡͷǱкܶ½ڡ
鷳ˡ
ǵĵ½ֿνǲϵҪ۸ࡣ
ոֻһֻۣ֪µķ;룬̸ϹȥҲûá
½д˸е½ֳڼز׽ǵӰԶ
诣ҶˣֻҪͶǡ
ҪôȥЩˣҪôҲñ֤ǻԶԼ
ȻǣҪ취ܼʱħ¡
˼ȥǸɷ˸Ϣ
ߵ⡣
ֻ֪˹ͨʯϢܣѾ˶ţʱܻҡ
˹ͨҲɳ㹻ĸ֣ΪӦ
ɻһš
诣
ˡ
Լ£ͲϹˡ
ڶ峿͵شӴͶӰ̨һһʾ
ͷ߳˽˲ңʲô
ܽܽȻ˯ûڵأļһﶼˣҲãȻ˳
ϢмͼͶӰ̨ϣ251ǵȫϢӰ
ԭȣĹϡͣһЩɴԼʮС͵ǣϵĲͬ
ЩṩշѷֻҪ㹻ǮȡЩǲ񵽵Ϣ
ڲǹϵ
ΪЩǵĴڣͶӰ̨ȫϢͼͬµģ˼Ҵ˼Ҵֳͬ
ȻڣͶӰ̨źʾʧˡ
޷ͬ
ǸԲεȫϢͼڿУתţһθʱͣҹ

ҡҡͷ˹ͨĽˡ
ȼƻǰһ졣

251ǹ
ɢɢͣ˼ʮ˽˴ЩδЩС䴬Щ̽մ
ЩȴոۻӦ׼䣬ЩǸո뿪׼
Ȼ䣬Զֳҫ۵ĻƵĺɫâ
ʲô
ָϴǿվ
һ룬ʮͻԾɢ
ȻĴԹȦﻺʻǴխӿȺɢ
һǾ޴Ѳ󽢣ԱΧʮɵĻ
ԶԶȥϰսγΡӴУư
ţһۿɼ岨Ƶϯ
һſϨ˹â
ãȻƯǿУԶ˹
ǵ𣿣
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
Щ˽˴ﲻ𾪺УǲŵŴ⣬޷ôᷢ¡
ܿ죬ǵļʻﵯȫϢͶӰ
뿪
ͶӰһȫװ׵ˡ
ݱϽάڸţȴЩĮ
½뿪Ը
˵ؿŹʯŵĻձꡣ
˹ͨĴ
˶ϳǸǣҲӦϵĽζʲô
ʲô
Ȼ˹ͨĽΪʲôǶʶԼòҪǸ档
̶һʱЩС˽˷ɴѸˣֻʣǵβңԶǿС
ұǹ¡ΧеѲ󽢣ǰʻȥ
ܱߵķɴͬʱϡ
峡
Ѳ󽢵ĻϴΧһȺߡ
ǰһ޴ȫϢͶӰ̨ڲǶԣ淴ڲϢ
251򣬴ӳе⣬ֵغͿѲߵ˻ǧͷȫݲɼ㡣
ʱ˿̣ͶӰ̨ڲԣָͰȫ
Ϊĵݿ⣬ˣͨЩ˵ľλãһࡣ
Ȼڳ˶֪ЩֻǸˮϵϢ
ҪһЩ
欱ֱۿλϡ
Զԡ
һòФƵŮ˵׼ˡ
ʧԭء
Ӻһͻڡ
ڵĴԱǷ׷ͷ⣬ǵƷ϶йʯŵĻձꡣ
ԱһŴ׵սԱЩװԱ֤ж
Щڵȴ
ͨѶԱλϣһƵȷʮͻԼ˵
ͬʱѲ󽢴ʮһ㡣
սͣڹϣ欵ָ֮һܵķС
һΪ˻ع
欷Ըϣʱ˳Ƶϡ
Ƴһۺ߹ĺԥ
Ҫ
欵˵ǲռ251ǵġ
ԥðɣʲôģ
ҲֻǼСʱǰű֪ͨȻһͷˮظ251ǡ
ǹˡ
ڵǵǵʯͳȥɼܡ
ԥ
֪һʯֻǲҪʲô
ԥϢй¶ȥ𣿡
欣ʮսԾǨĺۼЩǵ˵ǲѲ׽ġ
˹ͨĽ;ڶݵʱڣǵ·ôЩḻǵܾܿͻѭ
ǻʶһйռԾǨܿĳЩмֵĶ
ߣʹûͶһųռķɴҲԹˡ
Ȼֻһֿԡ
欿ԥһصӣЦһ
õģΪ˭Ҳûб˹ͨĲƷˡ
Ա߼˶¶ɵ飬ʶֱͦš
ԥԴҲ顣
ɼ֮ǰ˹ʯţ˹ͨɻ˳Ӵʵ
ҲԼˡ
̫Ӧǵ·
ҲҪѧϰߡ
ǰѧУ⣬ϰڵָߣʵΪ˹
ֻҪһɶȡ
ֻҪΪ֮Ķ㹻ǿ
ǿҪǻʧܡ
ԥ˿ϴ򣬡Ǳû𡣡
ҽǱ𣿡
ʼ磬⣬Ȼǿӣǿġ
жܸˣΪ͵Ŀ꣬Ѿ˹ͨµĶ֮һ
ԥ˵ͷ
һּĸ֣ڻشɱۺ硣
ݵѹȸУÿÿëȻ
欵ǰظ߹˵Ľ極ʵܵĻȷʵۺ粻¡
ܣ
ʱԥЩֵѯʵǳ֮⣬ʲô׼𣿡
ȻԪˣֶҲҪ츳ġ
ԥѾ֪ԪܵĴڡ
ԼӦýһʵٽӴħˣҲûнйħĳԡ
ϾǸۺϵġħ˵ǾҪʵ㹻˺ħֻǻ֮һˡ
ԥҲûٶʡ
欺ȻվԱߵͨѶԱ֣ǷϢ
𾯱
⵽Ӵػۡ
ͼʱʮ걻죬ĿĵĺȦ˸˸ȻԽԽСʼȷλ
δ֪ӽгռԾǨ
ͨѶԱ𾪵˵
ͷ欣߲ɫؿϴ棬ͬʱ˸ơ
еλսģʽ
ͨѶԱһ߷ָһ߿ԶЩҫĹ档
һһҵսС
ͿɫڣŸֵֹͼЩͷЩǵЩס
Щսıӿȥ£ͻһ𣬼Ҵսнֲں󷽡
ɴļ϶ɵĽػ
ЩȷսؾߣٶȺͻʻ㹻㣬ɲǴͻ
ǵ


79 
ĴԱǶҲ⡣
ǵ֮ͽ, ֻҪ㹻ʲô
ʢʱڣٽ, ҲȻǵŸҹԡ
СһЩȥٿʹ˾ӡ
Щµģ͸ֱǿе½һߺ͵ؾӸɼ, һ߽Ӷս
ֽ˹ͨ, ȴҲȲǼʵ, ԱǵҲ
Щǵȥں֮ڣձ߰, ʲôյ֯
ȻǵĴ㹻, , Ҳûô׶Ը
ȺʮǵɣкǿĹơ
԰ټƵĹ籡, ڹⵯɢۣǿн֯Ĺޡ

վȥǵͷĿ
һ˵һ߿ЩɴȺ󷽵սн, ͬʱԸ⼸˿ʼж
Ϊռ, ǰЩս, ֱӵִڵĽ
׼, Ȼԥסˡ
ܸһСӵָȨ𡣡
ԥϴս, ҿŴǵͻơ
ʵš
欸һ㿪ʲôЦֱˡ
С, ĸѧУģ
ԱߵЦʵ
Ƕ¶ȵ, ֻȹѷһ, ȺԥҲǿ࣬ȴܱȵġ
ԥ´ѧ
ҲҲǣУѰ
ļ򣬡ָ࣬Ҳ£
ԥе죬ô֪
Щ˶һ֮ǰҲǣһȺս޲ԼŽӰѶɱ
ҡҡͷȫϢģսɲһԱų壬࿴ѧϰѧϰ
ԥ
ۡ
ԱиЦһ԰ûҵأȱŰԼָӵλϡ
ǰˣ⻰ǸһЩ
ԥҡҡͷҲʵսҡ
ӼҹǺ˾ʯ
˺ؽӿڵΧһ䴬ͱ˰ɡ
ԥЦ˵ĲҵʵսҲֹһΣҲ̫սǵ
ɲΪȻ
ˡ
ԥε롣
ǵʹҲ࣬ԼҲ
ЩɴˣΪռҲӵҲͲȥͷˡ
Ժлȥһ£Ҳָ款ôԼԸս
ϾĶλԳȥɼܵĹˡ

ˣˡ
诹صϢڣֿ˿½ٿص˻Ӱ
һѲ󽢵ִҮ˹Ϸ
ɴŴ򿪣ʮܴССķͬʱһȺװ˻һ
װŵĿ¾ʯˡ
读ٶ࿴ۣһܷȻɢǿҵ塣
Ĺκɨ˷Բǧ׵
˻źŶˡ
诿ʼϵװԱǽж
ȿ½ֻҪҺ͹楽֣ͰѴߣո˵ᱻٵ
ٿ½ΧЩ˻ҷĦˣһҪϿҡ
ܽܽһ֦أ
诳˼룬Ҳҽл֣ǵҡħ˵ʾС
˹ƶǶصͷ
诲ȷǷܹƳʾĿƣˣһ׼ʱ䣬ҲֻӲͷƤˡ
һ¡
߹׼
ȥˡ
Ǽ£һɴڶ

Ү˹档
ֵĳֻʣһƬϱڲԫ
ΨһưܵĽãʣ²İ¥ݣмź񳾹Ļ
վڽſڡ
Ŀյϰڷʮֵʯڵռ˷Բʮ׵Ŀռ䡣
ǵĴȶܸߣɫľʯʣһһϸĺɫᴩУѪܡ
ڰᶯʯǰŵϻõָλá
楻ܡ
Χվʮߡ
˶ͨļĿˣѾ̶ܹȱ֤ж
˱ۣĤĽâͬʱɨת˲串˷Բʮ
ڳпո۵ķ򣬵мֵעĸ֡
⸽ȷʵû˴ˡ
Ͼ綼峡ҽƬ
ʼɡ
楳˵
ǱƻжΪԼϰճ̱仯ǰһ졣
ʹõٻħ˵ķʽʱλöЩҪԽ׷ɹʣԽҪȷԳǵɱϣ͸üˡ
ʵ죬ʵʱֻж̶̵ļӣԽӡ
Ϊ˷ֹԶ豸Ŀţſۻͷ޷ٿҮ˹ڲ
ͬҲòݵʧȥźš
ϷѾոҲյǳϢӦûʲôˡ
ЩʯѾָλá
Ӹߴ¿ɫľʯƴճ޴ķģһһԲΡ
һһվߣͬʱʼħ
Ƭգ̲һǣͫױϸխ
գۼ䣬ǵͷ­ѾħˣȻȴͨ졣
ͬʱֵ
෢޷׼ȷڣȥɬֿڣȴ͸һ˲ʵѹȸС
ԶмѾסԴƺеǳ
Ȼ䣬ǰĿյϾһ磡
ɳĽʯҷɣɵĳ
Բʯм䣬ٿȻһɫѷ졣
ܱߵĿռ·˲ŤǱڶ֮Уɫʯ׷ݱѡƬѩѷ
ѷ䶯״Ȼ͵رѿ
ˣ
極Ȼ
Ѿ̳ܿϡֵӰǽֲȫͬȻű仯ħǿߡ
Ȼǳ֣
˵蹵εиľֱ࣬е˼˿
ͫ׽
ǿĿռ
ķӦٶȣûܲ׽Ϯɼٶ֮죡
ΪĿռߣſռϣֱתϮĹ
Ȼոһֱӻķ
ǿҵΣͷ
˾޻ᱻɱΣΪⲢΪħ˶ˣһʱиֳͷ
ٻħ˶Ŀռôĳ˵Ϯ
ֵȼĸǴĳģ
Ѹӹ֣Ȼ뵽˴𰸣ѵǽŵˡ
˵ʱħȥֹⰵֵˡ
Ȼ֪ô£˶ݵ˼벻֮û뵽ħ
ȻһǿҵĿռ䲨ϯǵˡ
£ʱҲħϮĹ
Ȼڸոյ֮С
ǹ楣ܹħߣոٻ֮󣬾Ͷݽħ״̬
ʱҲһƬհ֮УȫħĴڡ
ˡ
ûԪܣ޷ֿϮֻӲռ֮С

̶̼ʱ䣬ǰÿտյ
ĳɢȥ֮󣬷ֻʣһ˰ħӰ
ϼѤõĽɫƬͷ̵ϸǣ˳ֻ֮⣬Ѿ޶¡
Լϸֳ鲼̵βͣƬ欵ĽɫԶԶȥϷ·һ㵭΢⡣
ûƶͷ­ȴǻתϵֻ۾ͬʱ˹ȥ
վһڷ۵ˡ
ϤϢ
ħ˿˵
˵ͨ

ʮ֮Ŀոۡ
楴ӶݵʧѹԼڰУ״̬׹
·еķɴһվ¥΢СľܱߵܼȺԶɢ롣
ʧڿС
һ룬楳ڵϡ
ϳǾҮ˹Ŀոۡ
µĿո۵ڲ𶯣ܱͣһҷɴ΢ػζţЩ̶̶ܷĦ
ԶȺϴоΪҪˣ˵ߴˡ
֮Ҷ
ոĴӶɣЩææɴҪǷ֮ء
һߴ򿪹ԷϢһ׼ͻȥ
ռиַķ֧
봫ͲǿȻʮľ룬Ҳڻ¡
Էһȷų˾̽⻷ͬʱҪϵϵĽӣǸͼ
Ȼյù欵Ļظ
ϢǼǰģֻڲŸոյ
ϢܿźŶϵĿյڼ䣬һȺǵƻǰ׼ͷŵǸոճ⣬ͱȴظ
ϾЩȫˣҲᱻϡãƽʧ
楣
СʵȫӰ첻ж
ⲨȻб
鷳Ǹռĸ֡
ټϹϳӣûܳ׼Ҳû֪ո˭͵Ϯ
˸ֱ֪ȥ鿴Ү˹ǱߵĶ
ԵľڣȻȴܵԪܵĲǳ΢

͵ػعͷ
֪ΧǿѸٱƽ
һƵĲռʱŤ˲иʮĶϲ㡣
ӿĵ⣬Ҳ˱֧飬ǵĲн
ҲԿˡ
ԷڳȵĵâУ嶼ѾԪػˡ
һвδˣֱϲƵĵͬ߰㷭ƣٴι

楲ͶԷֱ׼ͻȥ
ͬʱĿĵʢſһ˲ڱҰ
ָϺۡ
ֵԪħơ
Ϯߵȭͷ֮һռ϶˲飬е谭Ϥʧ
վûСƶԷһֱڵһռ϶ʧʱȥ
Է϶ʱѾ˲Ƶٶ֮⣬ͣһ£ŴͻҮ˹
˰ɡ
诽Ԫػת·ˡ


80 
ٴ̤Ү˹ķ档
ħӰ١
ԭٻλ, ֻʣһտյԲӣǱһѾ޴һ顣
гĴɵ, Ա߽õĲкֱӱ̮ԶĳַҲΪƽء
ǵøոһεĶ﷢ݵս
ֻڣħ, Ǹħսļһ, ȫӰ
ͼ׷ݿռĹ켣, ȴ޼Ѱ
極͵͵һʧԭء

ոۡ
Ѿյķɴ
ܿܣ
ֱӳ嵽ʻա
½ڸɴ, 𡣡

ҡҡͷ, רĿ, Ҳȷ᲻ء
Ȼֹ
诣þɨոˣҪɼˡ
Լľ, ҲԼľȥͨһոۿҲû˱ǿ
ɲֻܱ¶λ
δ䣬ɴȻһ¡
極Ӱ
ڴͷ, һְڴ, ֱ
ʱ׸λǧ׶ߵĿ, Х, ȴվʮƽ, ûаζ
˫ϴӡ
ɫ̧֣ʻĴ˹ָ
̾˿
ոոɷϢ, ҲûõӦ, ǲǳʲô¡
ھͷˡ
ô롣
½ļ, ǻ쵰ɹˡ
楳ȻΪҲɣҲҲħˣֻҡħ˵Ǹ˵ͬ
ϿһҪ诣ΪȻ죬˵Щǵͬ
Ǹɺϡ
Ȼʱʧȥϵı¿ֱӻصϣûô
Ϊո͵ϮļһҲᣬǶݵħʾˮ׼
١
ǾζߡԺܵͣԺѾֳı
֮ǰ䴬Ĵǵ֮
Ҳ϶жҪ
Ӵ
ҲӴˡ
ڴϿ·ʲô£
ɴߡ
۾ӣˣԼɡ
֮⣬ҪԷץסȻԷ䡣
说Ц԰
˶ʱһ
ǲûмվڴսΪð׸ܵ˺ʶԷ
ֻסҲ⻻طɼܡ
һ貵ĵ⻮ʣɭ֡
楽

ǸѲĶ֡
ޱš
極սʽ㸴ӣǸֶڿռ϶á
ֻƾͿ˺ѿռ䣬˵һεѷ졣
ѷŲͬĿռ䡣
ִ״̬£ѷɵȥָ
ǽڱ̵ָһط
ռѷ첢£ĻٽָҲȻڡ
ȻĿռѷ죬ǲϿ״̬ٶܴﵽһӿٴΡ
ԳǴѷٶԺֻҪҪö֫׼
ȻҲá
Ǳƽĵᱻɽ飬ǻҲ޷Ŀꡣ
׵ǣЩѷεġ
ǾͲɢڹ極ߣһ൱ܵķ
൱óսģʽüΪ
˷ⲿϮĸֹ֮⣬楻϶й
ֽǶʮֵѷЩ϶ǰֺס
һֱԪػսʼڣûȫ
ÿ˶ħĻԼ۵ˡ
ʵѷɫһЩˣ´ʱѾгһ⽴
ײ˴ɭ
ѷ˺ɱިľȵĻӿ
極ӰǹȰ˸ÿγֶܺʮ׵ľ롣
Ȼεأ߶Ѹ׵硣
׻ϵĵž˸ţĦſ˻ϡɼģӰ
˳ѰŶԷ

幫֮⣬ɽĶȼپƵС
һ׷¶̨ϣи˿ڵϣһߴ翴һɷ˷ųԿ⡣
ڷŮ̧ͷǧԼԶ˸
ɫԽԽ
ȥ
ĵ˵ȻطҪˡ
ں𣿡
ԱиԻʵ
ⲻĲҵ𡣡
ڷŮ˲˵Ϊʧ
ԱߵҡҡͷΪʲô
ʡһЩ
ڷŮһȻô죬һ뿴Ϸء
ּս
Աߵ˳һ£ҲȤʹСˣңھȥ

ɭսڼ
𡣡
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ܱߵľۣϱ蹵Ϣ
ոһսǼûôħ
ң楲Ϥ诣ҲƴҲûʹȫ
诣ģʲô
楲ش
С
Ҫ취شԼĵ⡣
ˡ
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ü
诣ҪжţΪ֯Ҫ󲿷Ρ
楣
⵽Ϊ˭
ôʶ㣬ΪԷĺ޳ֻܶǵƳŶ֡
ȷʵóж©ӣҲȻҵΡ
ڿˣҵϰ壬ҲıڣֻĴ֣һҪ˵Ļʦ
˵
ǺйصԼ
Ȼħ˵Ща취ƽ⡣
ི䡣
κ
Խ࣬ħʱԽ١
Ȼ㹻֣ԼҲҪħǾǰԪܱƴĻڣҲûʲô⡣

һ£˵ʦʲô֯һ©ٳж
Цֻǻش˶Էǰ⣬⣬״̬ĸңҲҲ
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楣Ϊϲɡ
ζؿ˹
ʶⲢĴ𰸣Ȼһʱ벻ô¡
٣һ¡
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Ȼעű˴ˣҲɷֳһ㾫ȥעǸ³ֵˡ
Ͼ˳ֵҲǺס
ǵʵϢؿҲ㹻֤вˡ
ʮ׿⣬ľӰ£һ˵δи֣ҶͶ֦
жȴû
Ӷ
˵æ
ĸɫľҷ䣬һ׵̻ɫȹỬĲּǵȹûմҶ
էһȥ˾ɭķ羰յģأĸǶȶƮݵĳС

诺ȷԼȫʶһ
ʲô
Ҹһ
Ůָָ楣øʲôʲô
˵ԹͼݣЩԲѡ
诽Žɵתͷ
ȴûбŭ߳
ֻüˣЩء
ȷʲô¡
诲ؿǣո˵ģ˭𣿡
᲻Ƕѵˣ
˲Զ󿪡
Ů˳ĬƬ̣ǼһΣʱû·

诶ʱˡ
ǸȼپƵ
ϸһ룬Ů˹ķƺǼҾƵڵĵط
诣Ϊʲô
˺˹ͨûйϵĻѵǵϲԹϿϷΨ²ҵͣ
ԽԽףܲǿ˰ɡ
Ҳ֪
Ů޹˵ҲʱദΡ

΢΢ͷһֹĿ⿴诡
鲻
诸Ӧߣͺܵؽһ䣬ȷʵû£ˣû·е⡣
ҲȷǲǸˡ
üȫ´һ飬ĻȷʵҲöˡ
诣
ΪʲôҪȻ

ͬʱǧ֮ǿС
һͿỪĺɫ󽢣ʻƺǺ
װξʣûлʵݳƷЩСɵİڼٵԲĻˣŶΪܰ
żϷգǶɲͬɫľʯ죬۸񶼳λ
Աߴһˡ
˼ӣȻԱߵĶƹԣ귢ˣĺ򡣡
һ˵һ˸β裬һͷɾ̵Ļ쳤
ˡ
δ䣬Ѿˡ
ͬʱҲתͷʼ˳ռԾǨܿʧããǺ

251ǹȻһƬҡ
˫ӴĴǹֵ꣬ԶԶܿһƬ⣬ʱʱзɴը̻
һڿɢ֮С
׸ͣڴ㡣
ǼѾܿϵսҾ
Ա
½ͷ󺹵ؿǲҪȥɡ
ǵҴΪѾֳ׸߽⣬Ȼ󴬳ʹĻ档
ҵļ²Ҵȫ˵ء
ŹϢսƬ򡣡
תɡ
½һ߿ŵͼһ˵Զһ㣬Ҵû
ţͷȻ졣
ڼʻ𾪵ؿ˹ȥ
ͷվһˡ
ϴǿǸ˵¶һЦݡ
Ѿٽع
ĸ߶ȣѰ޷˵жˡ
ȻԵõվڴͷϣһͷĺ췢ڷзȥû˿ʡ
Ǻá
֡
Ǵµӡǡ
ҾֱӴ͹ˡ
˫֮źصķϴ
Ȼȴÿ˵
ͬߵĶ


81 
׸ŵļʻһƬš
Ա۾ϴˡ
˼ӡ
Բۣ
½̨, ǡǡ
ܽܽãȻ
ֻǲΪʲôİ˳Ǹط
ȻֵʶǸ˭ˡ
Ǳ־ԵĻɫŹзǿҳԵ
ǵĴû¾ͿͣȥǼĿƬ, Щﳣڸ¶
ܽܽ೤ûôС
ҲͽǼǵ
¶ȡ˹ͨ
˹ͨе塣
λ
ҲǴ˵ǿĻԪߡ
֮⣬ΪʯŵĶ»Ա֮һҲдĹɷݣзѵȷͶʡ
ҲƸаĴ
ڲŶʮꡣ
Щͷμһ, ̹ճӮҵ

, ½½С, ԶǶԣŵĸоûôǿҡ
Ǹһ¡
Ϊʲô
ԼǷŴѾ⣿
ȵȡ
ԡ
ץ, ŲЩ޹ؽҪˡ
ֵһۡ
ݴ, ǰҲͬĴС
ȻʱغʹǺϵ, Ժѹ
ĳ̶ֳ˵ǵˣͽȻͬˡ
ǣΪ˵İ͸, ֻһ֮ΨһܴĴڡ
ҽȥ𡣡
ĺ췢ٴλ˻֣ǾͱǸˡ
Ҳûʲô, ͣڴķɴ, ͵ؿʼ³
ȻӰҲʧˡ

ʻʱһƬҡ
æҵ, ͼֶͨ׹ķɴ
Ȼֻۼű̵, ĴһƬͨ졣
ɴ׹, ת˲䴩·нԽԽ, ӵȺ
ȥȥ
½ɤӺ, ܽܽ, ҡ
½ܿҴڲϵͳȻѹԴⲿβ޷ֹס׹ơ
˵ܵһۣ˵ֱܽܽ뿪ʻңӷɴĲ˳ȥ
½ȴûֱӴӷɴ룬ŴĵƹܺͶԽӻɵ˴ϡ
һͬʱµ佢ϡ
ʮ׵ķɴڶ̶̼ڼС
գýһ׳̣һɵģ͡
½ɫ԰ףȻͷ󺹣һ§Сķɴһȥ
·˫ʮ׵ľ롣
ܽܽһ֦½ͬʱ˦һ쳤֦ס½
ţԽԽ
һ͵װ˻շ
ڰС
ܽܽٴ˦ֱ֦Ӿס˻·Ͷ֧ܡ
ɵؽֵȥ
վ˻ϡ

ǵʣˤҲˡ
Ϊʲôһģ
½ͷߵؿŽµ˻
״ֱһףվеӵܽܽԱ߷˵ļϡ
ˡ
½˵ЩʲôȴͻȻ̧ͷ
һǿҵ岨֮ƹϨ˻׷׽ģʽ
˼æ˻
߶ѾΣա

ʮ֮ɭС
˻ڶš
楽һȫϢӰͶС
诣
ȻԼԱ
ǵǶƽ£Ҳˣֻվڿյϡ
ƺǿո۸ܽܽգ۾ֵɫЩ⡣
诣ðɣץǡ
Ԯˡ
үġ
Ѹٸɷһʺ̾ŵϢѯļƻеΡ
ۿŹӶĶҲû˵
ֻΪϵԱǣȷǶӰα
˰ӣ诵ԽԽѿ
ȻΪûظ
ֻΪȷ˴ԱǶץסĿڵȥ𣿡
诸Ҫ˵楽ֵҲܣ¶ȸ»ڴĽ֡
诣

¶ˣ
ˡ
ôܡ
ʶ²۵¶Ҹûܵɣ϶ܸ֪ҵλˡ
ԡ
ǸŮ˿ڵߣ¶ȲӦλãҲ֪С
Щؿ
Ů°ͣҵľƵרõСͿոۣ뿪㿪ķɴ
诣˼ǣҵĴԱ
ҲûʲôֻǸô
΢Цһ£츳ֻҪ뿪ֶΣ˹ͨҲδҵ㡣
һ
Ҳδ
ȻҲܸоǸӶʵףЩصֶΡ
ֻҪӳ죬뵥ɣͶʲôƾı£û˻ܾ㡣
Ůƽ˵ԱʧȥҲңңƽĶۣӶʲô¿ñԼҪ𣿡

诳ȷʵûŶ
ûҪΪǰԼ򣬲𣿡
Ů˷ʵҲûܴӮ¶ȡ
诣
һ¡
Ůһ˵һָָ楣ģԼѡ񡣡

ո۵ıԵ
վڿտյͣͶӰ
ѹѹĽӸֳһƬصƣոۡ
һҪҪȥסǡ
һ
Ҫˡ
ת
¶ȾվڲԶ
ΧʮˣŮŻƲžͺиַ緶
Ҳ˿ڸǲķɡ
¶һߵͷظϢһߺԱģ˵
ĺ췢߸Ͼʹ߷ĳºϷĹ׿㣬·°ڴ˸ᣬ¶һؾݵ֫ĸ
ϼֵǵĶƹԣȥһഺĴѧκһУ԰洦ɼ֡
ȻȷʵҲǸ䷶Χ

־͵ͬ
˶ûж
ȻܽܽȫΪ״⣬ûȫ˫֮ĶԹ
ֻ֪ǵж״̬ʱʧˡ
ȵȡ

ܽܽȻ֪ǰԼ
˳½·ħ
½𣡡
ȻǸʻѾ˵˳
ţ
¶ȱڷϢȤ̧ͷ
ֽһƴĺ췢ڶ󣬡ΪʲôҪô˵أ
ֵضһۡ
ܽܽգŴ۾ˡ
𣿡
¶ȻףģҾԲˣǿɾû˼ˡ
Щվس䱳壬ûзκ
ĺԱߵͬ½һ
Ƕڱ˴п˼Щſֵֻ
ոķɴԽԽ٣ֻʣһЩйʯű־Ĵ
˹֧ͨԮĵִϵսҲˣ˫ӵʵѸ
һЩǿߵļ룬ѸٻЩʵ޵ǵ
˵ǵץ˿ոۡ
¶ȶûʲôȤֻһΧþܽеĿʣ޽

ں˵˸˽ƣʲô
£
ѯʵ
ǷҪ˽пʣ
ꡣ
¶ָߣٵȵȡ
ȺȻϵʾͼ֮˲𣿡
Զ˽ӣԼĺ챦ʯţһµˡ
һ˽ӿڵƲͬأ
ڰǹӶ˵Ҳɡ
˵
ҲǾð˾һƷӡ˦Ա
ҲȷʵܷͳҲûʲôϵ
ǰǹӶڲͬǵӵĳԱпֹͷԱľٶ
ֻ԰ˡ
ɫ𽥰ƲԵѹ֣չҲڱˣԽԽ谵
¶ͷԶ
һԻ͵ɫ׹ⱼڶ˺ĻìʸѸԶ
ǲ´ˡ
нȼ˷֮ɫ
һ룬¶˻һ
ȵĻҷβ棬Ǻᴩǡ
ǧ׵ĸ߿УХһ׺õײһ
һ˲䣬ۿɼڸ߿ɢ˷Բʮ
ЩѾһ˵ĽӶ̮㵹¥кĴ׹䣬ơ
ڻɵĲ£з·˱úڰ


82 
ΪϵĽսһʱ, ϵ˶յϢ
ǴԶ˿ոۣҲԶ˳ģܵ˳, ǵ½
Ըոһûɶ
ڶԳнƻ˹ͨеǮ
ô룬Щ˶ˡ
ͷؿŹԣҲʲôɢ
յ˻ŶӵĻ㱨, ոһ¥δκ
ǰ, 欻ǵѲϺ˸ɼܡ
Щû, Щ˵ȴԶԱȽϼ֡
ȻħӦ, ڵԪܲ, Ҳ֪ʲô, ҲûðȻ¡
Ͼ˭֪᲻鷳ˡ
Ҳһʱ䣬Ԯˡ
˿㷢Ϣֿдûȵ, о¶Щá
¶ȸں˭֣
ЩãȻѯԱߵͬ¡
֪
ͬҲãȻ֪ðֵȼĸ֡
Ϊڳһű鲼, ¶Ĵ, ܷȫʵ
251ǶҪ
ʹ, ܺ¶ȴһȥûֱ, ҲǹǸȼĸˡ
ô˵
ϰӦλ, ҲӦȻһʲôֶ, ϰĸ֪
üһ, ļٵģ
һ˵һ߿׸ŵԱ
, Ǽһʵ߻߲İɣ
Ϊ˻ˣ
һʱ䣬еսʱһ䡣
ż۶һǰһڿոмͣ

ǾǱߺԶ
Щܺã¿峤࣬ҲܿڶţȻһս
Ǹո̫ˣȥϢһ¡
ңսڼ䣬ԥҴææظϹˡ
ǵ欵˸Ǹ͹ؾصվ
˭
ԥɻؿԶյ϶ŵˡ
û˻ش
˶ڹעս
ԥҲ̧ͷԶ
һҲӹɵǿ߰ɣţ˲б¶ȸΪֵʸ

ټͣտյ
ԭͣפĴѷ룬Բǧڶκؾߣ˻ûˡ
һӵĺվ¥ΪңԶģɳͬõ׾
诽˲Ԫػվʮ׿ĺ췢Ůԡ
ԷԼ곤꣬ȴͬˣ˵ͬͬѧԡ
˻ĳŨܵβ费󣬾Ļ纣ˣ޵ĺ죬ĵƤԽ𪡣
۾ҲǺɫģֻɫ԰ڹŻһЩƾþĥĺʯ

诲ʱ˵š
ʹϸֵˣҲѴκ覴á
ֹòǿҵĳУǼ⵶̼Ӿֺݺ˵ࡣ
ڸӰϼڲҪܣҲϳԷ˭
˹ͨ¡
说˸к
ţи⣬ղžˡ
¶˵֪ܶ˵ĳƺǵĴ𣿡
Ŷ
̶ˣ֪Ҫʲôˣһ᲻ᱻС׸ߡ
ǰ
¶ЩȵؿЦ˫ʯ
㲻𡣡
ûá
ҲЦһƺŶԴսұϾûа׸ҲԶᱻͷΰɡ
ҵǰ˵ֻ
¶Ȥ˵ǵĽֶûʲô𡣡
գգ۾
е֡
Դλ˹ͨ³ΪǿԪߵţܹս
Ҳкܶս顣
ȻСˮŹɳԱҪôǺƴ
¶ԵЩսߵУҲʵѧģϾҪʶǿĳƺš
ֻϧû
ΣӦǼʶģϾ͸ָǿ߽֡
ڣֳ̬ȣĶԼʲôȤһ
Ϊʲô
ʶ뵽˰أ뵽й٣˼ά˲䷢ɢԶ
ֱܲʶԷǲҡ
诣Ҳи⡣
¶Ȳż¶Ըɫ
һֶ˵ĻѣͬʱԴʵţԿźӦǷԸ񣬵ϸĥǸĵˡ
ʳ֮߳ǰܻỨʱȥ۲
诣ǶǱߣҵĴԱҲǱߡ
һ˵һʹһΡ
˵ǻ쵰ļƻɹǳɹˣħ˲ҽ˴ˣ˹ͨǸħˡ
۾Ǹ׼ѡ
Ȼ
ǰԼ
诣ǶҪ꼰ɣ
ʱ˵ոۣ˵ж군
¶ȵǿԪ߳ƺҲᣬϾųĳЩǿ߸ϲ͵ŲȤԲս
֮⣬ǰ϶İͼǿߡ
ζʲô
¶ȫĻ򶼻߽⡣
᲻ںϵľ
㵣
¶ںػӻ֣ǴģֻҪ˵˴֮ˣˡ
诣˼ǣ˵˳֮ˣˡ
¶΢΢ףһ
诣ˣһҵĴԱ뿪㲻ҡ
û⡣
ɵ˵ˣҪ¶ңΪʲôŶȻҪΪҹ
˵ĺҲر⡣
Ҫ֮⡣
ûΣա
⡣
¶ͷֱͶҲܣ䡣
诣Ѿץôˣǲ𣿡
¶ȺźҡҡͷǶ˽ƣѰҲصϢ
ţ
϶µ֡
诣ô֪û½ƣ
¶ȷʵ𣿡
诣˵أ
ǿԽ⿪ģֻ̫ˣǿƳĻӦö
ͣһ£Ӧþûˡ
üһ
Ҳе
Լûʲô侫ƣܣҲҪȥܷա
诣Ҫҵǲǲ̫ƽܲټһ
¶Ȳÿɷ񣬡˵
诲š
ʵв࣬Լ޷һ
ҪܻɱһܹħˣͺܲסȻֻܽжݵĲħۣйɱɪǡ
йҪӮͲףΪħʱħλҲ࣬١
Ҳһġ
ֻҪĶܳʱ䡪ʮСʱħǾͺ鷳ˡ
ڶµκ˿ڣ̱Ԫ޸
ɱҪѶ˲顪Ȼħ˴ħˣͺֱӽը÷ǡ
诲֪ľΡ
ɵ˵Щǿ϶һ㡣
ԣ¶ҪӮԼҪսԼľ޷ħ
ô򵥡
ҲԼļƻ
һҪ㡪
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诣ķɴɡ
Ȥˡ
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Ժ̶ܴĥֵĶ־
ԷֻˣⳡսҲûʲô˼
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Ҳ㣬ңײҵĹΧ
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ĹӶ˵ͷֱͬʱ˿˿Ƶĵâ
һ룬ƵȻǣ˲仯ԭ֮ӿɢ
Բ׵ĿռڣȼյĻ𺣸ǡ
⻹ֻǸ
ͬһʱ䣬¶ȵӰѾǰЮǧ֮һȭӭ
ȷ˿ĵУʮŤĻһȭХ
Ӷ˲黯ǧϸС飬·չڵѩ
ǿ紩͸壬ֻǴٵĻӰ
׾ٵشȵĻ档
ϧǽ黯ֻάֶݵһ˲
Ӵ·͸Ʒָܿԭ״
޷Ҳͬʹá
һζȻûʲô塣
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ҫ׵缲ڻ֮С
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ţֲ׵ĵ⣬绡ӳһƬҫĹ⺣ȵĻ棬ֱֱĿꡣ
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诵ˡ
۵ĻΪʲôҪ
¶ȿŹӶŤı飬ֶŤĴ롣
Ϊ
˿
׵ĳƣڻ¹⡣
ӰڿС
âڸǣǹƤʱֻӹˮ磬޺Ӱ
Ȼʧ

˹ȥ
㣿
¶ֱӹ˵ϡ
ܸо֫ĳǸԵĽ޷ѡ

诲ֽ˵Լ
ոߵԼٷ֮ʮļʣ֣ʧԼ
ȻӮˡ
ѾƽԷǰ۸ǵצĺ췢ۼžҪ¶ȵؿڡ
ߵӰʧˡ
Ƭݸ֫ܿʧ
¶ħ˽
á
ȻЦһӶҵôá
¶΢΢ͷ췢ڻڷ⣬˫･ֳ֮ɫ
ȻҪٲ棬ǶԲˡ
һ˵һ̧ȣһŲ˺صĵש
޴Ʋ졣
ת˲䣬Բǧ׵ĵ汬ݣ
εĲɨԶվ¥ķ棬ɢҵĲк顣
诣
ոۼһ̤飬ΨԶЩսѡ
Ҳ֪ⲻɺϡ
ʶȻӭ˲ƶĶ֡
ǣûв׽ֵĶֻĺ췢ͱһȭ䡣
һ̲ĺ
ֱӱɵС
ΨһֵҵǣոԼڲִмԪܣħûбóá
¶ȽŻ׷˹ȥһӶֱӷ˿ռ
תս

ٴοΧľʱԼվһƬ鲼ɿӵİɫԭϣҰ׵ޱ޼ʵԶ
̧ͷǺ̫񷣬ϡɼɫƣһŵĺɫߣ̻Ǻ
һûд
µ򡣡
ʮ⣬¶ĵ߽򡣡
Ķһ԰췺ǣչĺںĤᣬ˺ɢĺ췢ͬʱƬ˰Ƥ
޳ýΣ͡˷˵Ĺ
췢Ů˫ɫĺĤͫĺС
׼𣬹Ӷ

ĨߵѪ
ɭɭϯֵѹŹӶ
ݵָŮļ򣬰ڰ׵Ȼ׵ĳڿ趯
̧ͷ˫ȻɱɫڵƬ֫ԼʮĴ롣
Сˡ


83 
һƬҰ׵Ŀռϲ
иŲȱʯ, һĹµС
ܶǿãĲ԰ףϻ¿, ֻͷİɫա
ʮǰħ˴ߡ
˲;Уħ˺ͻȻ
˵, ʶ뿴ԷҪԼȥʲôط
ҲǳԶʵ, Լ⡣
߼ʹĳЩ, ҲԴӦԡ
뿪
读ὫǾΪܡ
ջ˷ɢͷѷ۵ӴԺĨȥ
ͷ, ԶվһԵħˡ
ħ, ֻǷɫƬɫȽϺ֮, ħ˵״̬ҲȽƽ
Щ߾ͷ裬Ҫ˿ײ͡
ʲôط
ܸоϤ, ʱոⷽ棬ҲźԭȻĹ
ʧ֮֮һ, Ŀռ䡣
ֻԪܵʹ߲ʸ, ̱λɡ
ʧ֮һƬ, ԴڵġѾ档
ħ԰ŵ, һһ˵
Ȼʹԡ
ڸķʱ, Ѿȷħȷʵһ, ⻰֡
ɣ淢ʲô
Ҳ֪
ħЩ㱵˵, ڻе, ȡõ֮дԽλ
Ȼһ죬ħǷ֣屻ٵˡ
涼ԪܣЩĸʣ˺ռ䣬ӵԭӣٵÿϵ
ȻĻҲǼɵģάһʱı״̬
ʱǸֻʣħһħǷŻƬΪ汥Ԫܡ
ڼ䣬ħǿ֮Ҳʼһ൱ս
ĬĬ£ԣԪħ˳Ǹ򡣡
ħ壬ȴΪĳԭˡ
Ǹħ΢΢ͷҲʲô
ʵϾħ˶֪
ǽʥʱֻĸ߲ʶԼѣ꼰޹ͨǣ׷ʲô
ɺ
Լħ˵ԭֹһЩûʲôϵ
ɣ˵ϤϢΪʲôΪԪܣ
ΪԪܡԪܵʹ÷ʽҵͬࡣ
ħƽ˵
ͣ˼룬µؼÿδϵõ޷ܵӰ졣õһЩǸʡ
ħǸι״Ƿϲ
ǴʯֱӿߵѪ⣬ǾͿԪģܡ
ߵȻЩ
ǺߣǸʳǰʲôħ˾ܵõƵ
ǰߣǻԪܿģġ޷Ԥϵܣÿ߿ͬһ
ħ˾ضһܣֻǣǺսʱǲҪȥģܣΪû塣
ϾʱħҪɱߺܼ򵥣ֻҪƾԼԭеЧԷܣսͻܿ
ɵȻҲ
ܿҲͨһ£ԣħеǿʥʯֻܳѰǵʯɱߣ
ħ˶˿϶
Լ
ħƮƮ˵Щ䡣ԼġҴЩԺõġ
Ƕһۡ
ħչԼļ䣬ɶЩȡδܵκӡ
ܿ죬Ϣ˳žԺ
ʥΧһƬɳʯȺɵǻΪ֮ʯƯеһֿʡ
Χһ򣬰뾶ҪԹʯҲ֪
˵֮ǰʷǻ̽ǣԦŷɴ֮õܡ
ңԶɫǿգ״ɢţԼЩʯ״Ư͵ʻ۳ĺ
ĳ˶֮ļ䡣
ţһڲﲥŵȫϢӰ
ຢΧһƵԱߣۿȫϢӰ˵˵ᵽ豸һҷɴ
ҷɴĴԱǣ紩֮Ŀ߶֮һ
ӰͶһ͹žɡЩ̽һȺ˴˳ժͷӵ
ЩڴԽ;ԡ˷䣬Ƕߡ
ǵĹ̡
ڴ֮ԽԽ˽֮໹壬Ǻȫߡ
ȻǰĵһǼս֮Щ߼ǻ忪ʼ˺̸
Ȼ߹ģڽţԽԽ򱻲룬ǶܵƿҲﵽ塣
Ǹ
ʱߵռҲߡ
Ͼ㲻ʥĹҲֻҪһŴƱڷɴϴ֮Ϳԡʯ߳Ϊߡ
κһֻҪƱӵеõܵĻᡣ
Ȼֻǿˡ
ȻҪõĶĿܵõܽǿһ̶ȡ
ʹˣʱ߻ܴ󣬸Ҳ
ֻǣʥãЩƾܵõλˣȥǱߡ
ö֮ʥ׶ǣ£˴Ķߡ
ȻҲ˲ţҲѷ˲ֹһ
ֱħ˵Ľ١
׶Ǳݻ֮սֿʼˣЩѵ߸ǣҲħԵĶ
ȵսһ
Ϊ֮ħƿأʯҲħ˴ӣսڼ䣬ߵ
ȵȡ
ʹˣܿŴһܿʲô̶ȣ˵ħֻǿߵ
ЩûսͨӦҲߡ
Ҳ
ʶ֮ʶڶԷϢ
кܶʧȥԼܡ
ħ˵ЩСߵ巢תǵı챻޸عǱӦеӡ
Ϊʲô
Ϊ
ħ룬ΪԽս
ȷʵ
ú٣ʯҲ洦ɼʱħǳʥ򣬿ʼչء
Ȼʵڼȡʯ̿Ҫʮꡣ
ħ˵Ҳֻǵָһ˲˯һûʲô
ɣ˵ˡĳֺ𡣡
ĳ˵ʧȥܣ
ôģ
ǵġ
ħƽ˵һǿߣ޸ʵ
ɣ
ⱾΪʲôħ˹
ȻҲûôףϾǵԪܱͿԵֿܵӰ졣
һֱžӣ֪ħ˲û˵ٻ
˵ħ͸¶һУԼ֪ﶼġ
˵λħƬ
ɻĿ԰׵磬ĴһƬţڿеʯ建Ưߣһ᫵ġͨδ֪ĵ·
ҽǰããա
ܸоĳƱ߽Ĵڡ
λ˵İ
Լħ˵棬һеϤ
ĬԶ
Աߵħƺͼ״˵ͨ棬ǰ㹻ǿʧڼз֮С
ɣ𡣡
ȻԣҲ
ҲԼܹ
Ҳδܵȥڡ
Ȼ˶
ħ˼˵ֻǸǵӦٶ棬Իµ
ٻǣ
ǵġ
ش𣬡Ҳԭ򡣡
Ȼи׷ġˡô֪Ҳ
ôţˣ
ħûлش
ٴַˡ
һΣħ˵ļ﷭Ļ棬Ҳһһ˵Ťεס
ǵĹ״ٷֲӾĳУȫǷǳ˲ʵϡ
Ȥ㲻࣬кܶһ뷨
ħ˵Ҳߡ
û˵
㻹и⣬һصʥһὫҵˣһΪ󡣡
ɣһȥģڡ
ܺá
ħ˵ΪĳЩұѯ㣬ܾ֮ûѡˡ
ʲô
Щ̵ؿûѡ񣿡
ǵġ
ħԴԭƽʧǱ紵ˮ棬ɫиֳ̰ʹ֮ɫ
һֱԪģܣܣģκ
ǲܣ˭һ㡣
ħ΢΢ſ죬¶һ˷ܵЦݣмͬݡ
ҲԲҵͬ࣬ܵõԪܣҾͿԳΪµ


84 
ʧ֮սոտʼ
һű鲼ŰɫɳĮĻ, δ
Զ֮£˷˵ħߣѸƶһ
ػ, ɳеİɫѩꡣ
ǵƬϵӳǻԣĹâ
ƮڿУһһ׵ǸӰ
ֻҪ¶, һûάסħ״̬, ͻ̷𹥻
ħս, ڼɺ;Ҫ󷴵һ̶Ƚˡ
ƣ˲临ԭ
˵˵ȥ, սı, ܺԪܵıƴ
˭άֲסħ״̬, ˭ˡ
˭ħǷΧ٣˭Ҳˡ
ȻˣҪӡ
ܸоֵȡʤƺǿ
Ϊ, Ѿãһ͸С֮˽Ὣշ
ȥӲƳħ
说һԼ, ԼһС˴, Ҳᷢ΢̬仯
սʱ, ¶ֱӾͽνĽ̬
ȫħ֮, ֳ˲֫١
ͼ
չ¶̬ʱ, ͻᱻǣǸӲԱ׼
ʵȫħ
һ˼, ȫǳԪ, ֻСȵ仯, ûн̬
ڶֲǽ̬ԵĲ٣ٶȶҲɱͻ˶ֵЧʡ
ڶζŶԪܵƿظһ¥
ԪܵĴ洢ϣû̫
ϸ˵ֻҪﵽһ֣Ҳˮƽˡ
ֻǵһֱڶѷֱ棬ΪһۿǲħǶԷ·״̬¡
ͨõڶΪǱ׼ˡ
һֱûװǺǵʲô𣬻˵βжΪǡ
˵ǰǶԽ̬Ҫ󣬱ܳʱ䱣ħĽ̬
˵ǻһ̬ڽ̬
ⶼǽ̸ģҲ֪ǲġ
Щڶʱˡ
߱ս
¶ѾĹ֮ȫӡ
ԣӵйĹӶ֪ԷʵѷԼҲһֱŽħ״̬
ֻſùȫЧ
ȻǶԸߣֻҪԤնλãħĲλǾû⡣
һ֡ƶٶֺܿǰ£ȷʵһֱסǰ
һⴥûħĲλǱߵԸڰٷ֮ʮļɹǾͱȻܵӰ졣
¶δЩϸڣҲҳн̬ȣһֱάŽħ״̬
֮诺ȷ¶ģǴԼġ
ˣһȥشһ
ԼҲȻ
ûܹħûȫԪܸԼ壬ٶȷȶԷѷ˲ֹһ󲿷ʱ򼸺ڰᡣ
ֻҧʹԪܣ޸ϵˣҲӾġ
һƬãİɫĮϣ˵ӰַֿȻٴεƴɱ
ѵƬǱľʯƬƬǹ⡣
ǽµĵ治ţİɳĻڰʵƮɢš
˻ŸѿĴصŹצкӹɳ佻ײ
ͬа׷ɢ䣬ûǵƬϣʯĻ졣
ʱ֮𽥸оһЩ
ԭȫħΪЩλԾԪܣֽ۾
ЩλҲ˵ĵطεѪģǶϽѡʹʣԪȥ޸
ʵҲǶħЩλ
ȻֻǸԭԪػҲ
ڱְħʱٽԪػԪܱܺͺͬʱʹá
Ԫػ޸ҪʱԳһ㣬սﲻ̫ʺϡ
ħƵĹظˣƺȫħ״̬
Ŷ
ܵħӰ죬¶ȵȥͳ˻ơ
̺ˡ
课ЩЦ⣬ֺԼĴ
ħ״̬£ֻŨܵķ˿ףӳȫɫƬ˶һȼյ档
㿴˳۶ˡ
¶ȳ˳ǡ
ǽħ˵ϣ¶Щ΢Ц
һ˲䣬û׶Էʲô˼
ȻͷԼȫȻħ塣
߱۰¶߹ǣ쿪˲ƵĽʣ֧ܵĹ
⸱ܵĵڶħ˲к
ֱϻССͣž״дϸܵͷ
԰ṩħ֮һ
ľνħĽ̬ϾԪԴЩħ˵ȫһ
ܱӰ졣
ƩļʮצĴ롣
ԭȰɫ֫ȫڵƬǣȴȻڲת
ˡ
һɷħ˲кǺɫƬ
Щҵš
ڵôô⣬ĳЩ˵ܳƵ϶ġ
ʵûʲôоˡ
Ԫȫӯֽ֮ܵĿܸУ޷ϨҰơ
ȻԽԽ
̧ͷ
Ŷ֣ڶԷ˫ķһħӰ

ҲоʣڷţֻһĻˡ
֪ԼҲⲻԸʧܡ
йʧܱľ
ϵʹ֮⣬оΪķŭС
ͺٶŬ޷ıʵ
ڣ뵽ʲôأ͡ԴĲ࣬һܰοԼԷʲô˵¡
ʹԼˣҲΪԼǳ˲
¶İǡǡ
ںĴǱ˶Լۡ
ֻǡ
̧ͷԶĺ
ħ֮еᴦĳֻȻһµ״̬
Ʈɳߵ˿˿ܺۼӫ⡣
еϸڶ˺֡
Ҳ䡣
ЩǸ˵
ĺĤӳŵ˳Ӱ
޺ԲͫɼΣдâ¶
˭Ҫء
¶Цһηηšұ͸ڴһֶΡƴȫս
ðɡ
ɳĮƽؾĿ硣
ǳעű˴ˣ˫˵۾ɳ
һ룬ħӰصײһ𣬿𵴳ĳ˷纣Х
εųӯԪܵ塣
ڤڤ֮У·𶼱ĵС
ŵǻ֮£ӰϹŴ˵ﲫɱ
ǽµ򽥽ѿ
һƴӵغӣ·ڵĺۼͬ˿˿ܿ鲼Żǡ
ȻСǳܲסԪܵĳˢھҵУڶ⻺رˡ
սȫȻû⻷ı仯
þȫͼݻٶԷ壬ƣĶԷ
ȫսҲֻж̶̵һʱ䡣
Ҳάֲסħˡ
ĳʧˣǰ¶߹Ҳʧˣ𽥻˵ħ״̬
ԼٶϰӣֱܻΪľʣʱʾˡ
ֱ˸൱Եɷ絶צؿڣͬʱҲ¶ȵֱۼ˺һӡ
ѵѩм㽦䡣
ǽߣմ˴˵Ѫ
ŻѾǧ飬Ưã̫С
ֻһСƬϣǹϵĳ˿ֻͣû˻Ϊ˿ֻš
һΰɣ¶ȡ
Ӷ¶ȵ飬ҳǿǣܾǰ˶˵ǿӮ¡
ħƬơ¶ѪʱԪܻжݵңǱϰȥ
ܿ죬ԪܾͻȱĲλ
ֻҪץסת˲ŵһ̡
ڰƾո֣ڵ˺ѿϢ¡

¶ȵȻܸоĴڡ
Ȼ͹Ӷһצ뵽˴˵һʱֲ
Ӳһ
ƫƫԪܺѪֽһ˲䣡
诽ȫħ
ٷ֮ʮĸʡ
Ҫʧȥж
ɫҰ׵ͷ亹£ǰ˿ѪȪӿ
㡪
¶ȵͫȻ߶԰ɡ
ҲĴ޷֮ǰһʹýħ״̬Ҳ޷ȫӰ졣
ǰйٻԾϵʲôֶεõ
¶ȽҧֻǼʱ䡪
˽ߣ˫ű˴ˡ
¶ȸ˶Է࣬΢΢Դʱķ˿ڹӶıǼ⡣
Ӯˡ
췢Ӱ浹ȥˤڵϡ
ź˼ȻҲȥһ޸ؿڵˡ
µй𣿡
¶ڵϿǿա
ȷʵжˣȴ˵
ڣ
ȷʵ
Լõߵֻ¡
˵ֻǿϤµ
ĸйٵܡ
ڴǰɱ˱ճ
ճǶȡĳ˵ܡ
Ǹ֮ճͻ̳жԷԭеǿȡ
û޴ڡ
Ψһֻǣֻܶһ˵
诸νĶȡ
Ȼճйٵߡ
йһ̣ͳ׵ӵǿȵߣйٽʲô̶ȣͼ̳еʲô̶ȡ
ԣճҲֻһΣȡ˵ǾҪߡ
ô
ԼԼĸƣȥõҪɱˡ
ðɣš
¶Ȱǿգ췢ɢڵϣʢĻĵò԰׵ݸԵÕiޡ
Ӧɱҡ
诣ǲģںս֮ǰ
¶ȿһۣʲô˾ˡ
诣ҲӮ⣬Ǹ֪ҺͰǵĸ֮˶١
¶һðɣ㣬ڼ֮ǰҺһħ˴һܡ
诣
Ҳø
¶ȣսҲһʱˣԣȻҲ۷״̬ҲԶ
û
Ҳһ࣬ûסߵ
诣ҡ
¶ȴӮˣսϣû˭ȥƽ㵽ʲô״̬
诣Ϊǹƽ
¶ȣ㲻ҲȺ͹楴һܣ
ʵڲ֪ܲᲢۣȻԷ˿⣬ҲͲˡ
诣㻹һħսˣ
¶ȣвħ˴ʥܳˣ㲻᲻֪ɣ
诣
Ҳ˵ֻ֪ûᵽˡ
ͰǵĲֹ࣬Ԫܵա
¶ȺȻڵ
Ȼͷأ
¶ڹӶпϲƺԼشܸһ
ΪʲôҪأֲ׼Ϊҹ
һһָٶȺÿ졣
诣ҿԵѰ
¶ȵһۣҵħˡ
诣ҼûǸ
¶ȣðɣѻߺģ𣿡
诣аǸӶ´Ǯ˵Ҿͻȭء
˵ֺˣʱڲС
Ϊ򲻹
¶Īؿһˡ
һת˵ǵħһ̬ڽ֮ϣ˳Ϊȫ̬߱ʲôƺ
¶ȣⲻʲôܣҿԸ㣬ֵܱʱ̣ܶҽ֮Ҷ̻ԣԣҲôġ
诣Ϊ㲻ɱң
ȷʵɱ㣬Ϊ
¶ƺһ㲻ˬ251бĸ֣ľס͹極λãҲ
诣ͨжǿ
¶΢΢ס
һ״̬Ҳ̸ܻɱңҲ˵һôûҪɱǰ£ΪʲôҪأŻ⿴ǼԱġ
뵽ǸоŮˣǴιľƵ
诣ǽŵˣ


85 
Ź˰Сʱ
ңԶǿϡֳӵӰ, ʮսͣڿУ󷽻иѲ󽢺սнȫװ߼ģ顣
ԶԶȥ, ֱһ֧ľӡ
ЩսŹʯŵԱ˶ߣ඼ľ
վڴ, ͸ϴעŽʣк塣
֮ǰ, ﻹһС
Ȼƶһ, ǱϾһСǣ
ֻʣЩƯ̫ʡ
Ϊ251һ·ֻ̣Ǹոո, ԻûĿս̡
Ȼڵĳ˵Ҳ㹻ˡ
ЩԪΪ, ֻΪ, ĳЩʶˣʶ̾
˵Լϰıºţδۼ, Ǵ۽硣
¶ȸµ򶼻ˣ
Բۣһǰ
ĶȻţ
ţ²Ǹֵݡ
ڿոԶԶ׸, Աߵֹͬ˿ƴ, ̭ҵĴǸֵǮ
Ǵа, ˼ôҲ֪
ͬʼ, ˵͵㡣
˵Ǵֻ˳ġôһ, ΪʲôҪԼĴ׸ţ
˵˼ҵ˼ǲ˭˶׸ء
ҵ
ٲ֪ħԪܴڵˣⳡǰľ
Ѱħ̶ֳ, Ȼȫħܴﵽ
ԶǸǡ

ǽŵˣȷ𣿡
ʱ, ոսս, һк졣
š
¶ȵ˵ͷҸϵϹ楡Ѿˡ
ӦͨӺǴʲôѶϢ
诿˿ԶĽӡ
ͣԭأǧ׵ľ룬ֻӵĺӰưبǿ
诣ȷǽŵˣѵǸɱˣ¶ˣ
¶ȣǵûУһǸˣҾʹ֪˭ˡ
诣˵еǸɫͷ𣿡
ӦǴšʿĽŴʹ֮һ
¶ȵ˵ȻǣӦѾаǵʵˡ
ʹߣ
йҲ
诣ŵĴʹߣЩʥֵϼ
¶ȣš
һжһöԡ
ȻսǰŽ˴ռ˵Աá
Ѿ֪һ߿ռ״Ҳ֡
¶ȣʹߡʹߡʹͽźĳԱȼ
ľʹߣ
诣֯Ǹʲôģ
¶һȻйٵܻļ㣬ʱ򲻷
诣
˵ڼ䣬һͿỪĺɫѸʻͬʱ׸Ҳ
ҴִڵĵطͣڰС
½½ææѯʴΣǰ˳ֵ·
û¡
诽ӹףϣһΪҵĴըأɵƯ
½ļҲ֪סģˡ
˵ͷһۡ
ҴҲܳˡ
ͬʱΧס¶ȡ
ͷ˾ĤѸٽǵϰϴһ飬
¶ȿȥȻϤˣӹԱݰ壬ҴɨһۣȻָǩ˸
˺ܿһһ˵żͷߵؼ䡣
ЩȫǸָĹ㱨ӹӶٵһЩͶĿ
Źӣȫ㶨ˣͷ诡
ˡ
¶ָָԼĴ߰ɡ
诣
½½𾪵ؿ
˵Ǹ˼𡣡
½˵
读˻֣Ѱ׸ſǸ챦ʯŵĻ
¶ȵĴ󽢣Ϊȼյĺ챦ʯţʹһҷɴ
ûʲô׸Ų˽ȥ
Ȼ诿ŴԾǨ·ˡ
׷ɱ𡣡
ڿռļʻڣ½Щĵʵ
ڼʻλҡҡͷʱڲᣬⲻˣҴô죬ҵʱ˵ģһʱ֪Ҫʲôˡ
ԭϴĹͳ׻ٵˣǱҲǱ˻ϵġ
óƽʱõĹԣɷ˸ⷢ־Ȼͨˡ
ǱߵЧǳҡ
١
说˸к½𡣡
ݵİ֮ѵͳɤóܣˡ
û˵
ոڵĵطûźš
ɼ̵ؽһ䣬Ȼʵô
һá
课ԼƽһЩ
Ϊ˲סɵܣ¶ԼһУƴȫһǼĸս
ûи½ƣǲҲʲô¶أ
νʹȹ࣬Ҳں
ȵȡ
һбҲȫΪ
ֻǲԭ
Ҳ־ܣս
诣㻹ʲôҪ𣿡
ûˡ
ն˵ֻҪҡ
诲ûһ仰
ΪźŶϵˡ
ĥɹ׷ɱǸħˣ֮Ӧ÷ʲô£뽫ħ˻˹ͨˡ
ħҲ֪ܣ
Żڲʹÿռ׷Ǹħ˰ɣźʱʱޡ
ˡ
诽ԼϵǮת½ΪƱݣȻֱĹԣָž˸ţЩԪоƬȫٵ
߰ɡ
ܽܽıشչҪȥ
ϰɡ
ĵ˵š
Ү
ܽܽ񲢲֪ʲôطӰ￪ġ
תת塣
кܶͷʹ¡
Ʃôһʱ¶ġȫһҵĶư洩󽢡

׷
һѲ췢Ӱţָſͣһ¡
Ҫ׷ǣ¾ʹ˽ᣬ˭Ҫˡ
Ա߼ȴҲûз
ֻйֹ
¶üʲô
欸ҪڣԱߵĹ極һۣ˽ľ棬Щɻʵ£ǲʲô
ǿӮһйϵ
¶ЩζЦЦʲôֶΣֻҪһһľʲôҶ⡣
üǳս֮ǰѾйģϢʱ̫̣δָ۷״̬
ô
¶ں˵ҲһСüأ˼Ҳû²ƽ
һ
Ҫȴ޴ӿڣֻܱˡ
ԣǲ鵽𡣡
¶ȿһˣǸӶݣ
˵ͷʱͶӰС
¶ȵ߿ɨһ֣ں漸Ϣﶨˣǣ
ߣǣǣ
ҧҧͼֱңȻܽħǣͽţ롪
˵ڲԶվ˹ͨߣֻǰڵλҿ
ԥҲЩ˵С
ʱĿԽʮ׵ľ룬𾪵ؿǸͶӰϢֺƬ
˭
ԥŵ˵ͬʱץסߵˡ
в
˳ԼֱֹۣǺ¶ȸ¹еشаֲʶ

ԥӶҪˡ
ȺＷ˺üۡ
Ȼ¶վţԥҲֻ̫վԶ쳤ӵǸͶӰ
ƬǸڷ۵Ůü䣬òiǰžƱЦӯӯŶˡ
С
иϵͬ߹ŵĿȵݸһɶأ棬˿źС
ԥеԵؽӹȣ˵ллȻ˼ѾƮԶˡ
诣
𣿣
ǿɲ𣿣
ǳƵˣѵֻһģһѵͬ׵磿
ͣ
ǸڻƷϸĺӡ
ǲˬѸȥʱıӰЩǰ
·һϦ֮䣬ͱ˵֡

Ȼ϶ֻһִ
֪һֱڽڹӶٵɱݼãԼ˵𼫻
ֻǣȻû뵽ǿʲôز
ԥͷһڿȣȻǸȫϢͶӰʮָӡ

һƳԼĴѧ̽ͷ̽ԣе㶪ˣŵüΡ
¶ȵûע⵽һĻ
һ˵
ʲô
¶Щȵطʣϲŭѱ棬ȷ
Ǹ˰ѴŴ֮Ϊ滨УǸǽȥһ顣
˼ѵ˵ȻֱֵȥһңĶһ
¶ȣȻǿʹɳһķˣȻǻڳհװϿصǩ
ȿȿȿȣ
ԥǺˣȶ絽ϡ
ͬʱ

¶ȴЦһҪߴɣҪЦˡ
Աߵ鸴ӣ޲Ŷ˿Զ
ԥȵ̫ڶûĽ͡
ǸֻǳЩ˹ͨһģһĻ


86 
ڴתһȦ
Ҵгռ, κ˵ĵصԾǨ
ȻҪָûӷ籩
챦ʯװ壬ʻսв㣬ֱͨĻ, ʹԱҷֲࡣ
⿴˿ķ䣬װ꾫£ռʮֿϴ, ͵ǺӾ
ҴҲи֮, Ʃֵǵĳռ֮, ģ顣
ʽȫԼżڵķ, װ׻õĻȵȡ
һĴ󽢿ܺѼЩװ, ҴضǾƵ, ʹõĿҲѰϡ
ңҴʮĵװ޹Ϣܰڼʩ
ָо
诳Ĭ, Ҵɼһ
ȻǼһӦңʲȷʵԲһҴ
½һֱĴ, Կһ, 𣿡
诸Ҫ˵, ֿܽܽԱߵĶܳ, ߸˵ȥ²װˡ
е㡣
诱ֱ, оǰ˼ס˺ܶˣӦҪһ´
ǳӡ
Ҫ, һʱҪҴ, Ȼǿ, ²ڱ߼ռվҪΧۡ
ʹߣȻͷ
Ļ¶ȹƻЦġ
ڻжʱ׼
ڵǰϣҲһβ̵ĺ̡
ռԾǨԴļڼʻСʹʱǶ;УͲʱʱ̶̿ԾǨ״̬
ǻСʱͺľˡ
ڳ뺽УͨʹԾǨٵִǺţ֮ԾǨѰһš
ͿԽʡ֮ʱ䡣
ҪʮǺţִܵ߾
ܹϵʮ򣬲ԱΪ˾ֻʮ
ЩȫΪຣϵҲ׶ڵء
½һͣλı߼ռվʱѾصʻվߵͷŵ塣
诣ûкϷݣռվǱӦÿԽɡ
½΢΢ͷ
½ҡҡβͣ߼վкܶ֡ţ۸߷оƬˡ
ʵľҲͷˣǾҪһ·ɴ¡
ֵ˵ͶӰ壬ǵĵһĿĵأؿռվ
ΪͶı߾վȷʵĴΪЩ״νϵĴֻ䷢ɡ
ֻĹ֮һ
ҲӵռվĸʩҲҵаλ
ӷ̶˵Ҳѷ˹ķξ㼶Ŀռվ
ҪҸɴվһҴᡪ
ͷʹ˵
δ䣬½ĹԺȻ
ǲʶˡ
ʵҪ𣬴
ƽʱӸȻҪѯʴǸոմ˹ͨҪһЩ
诵ͷӰɡ
½һͨһɢϤ׸ŵĴڲڣ
诣ۡ
˿һʶø磬ֳָͷ
Цˡ
˵ǰĹΪʲôϵ㣿
诸ҪڣȻԱֻ۾ڶԼ
ܽܽһ֦ģĸ첲ȻһĶ
½ֱӽ¹Եݸ
诽˹ոϵңΪʲô
ġ
Цһϵ㣬Ǳˡ
ȻһӾԼ֮ˡ
诸ոջڵģǲҲԼĳ鱨ӡ
Ȼˡ
ϾǼһæ׷ɱħˣԹ˲ϾʱЩ¡
˵ɵĻֻҪն˺룬ȻԼ
ðɡ
ɵ˵ʲô£
Ҹ㣬߹ϲ㡪
ĳ鱨ϳǻ㱻˰ǧڡ
诣
ŷӦʲô¡
˹ͨ磬ֵ֮䶼ܹͣ˵Լ¶֮䷢ˡ
Դ˺⣬Ҳûʲô
෴Լͦġ
ǵյĴжڰбѾĳָݵ
ﻹһЩ˵ıŤĸо
诣ҲǮˣ
ǵûС
ЦһϾҵСŮѡ
ٴԡֻ۾ߡ
诣ԣҵҾΪ˵𣿡
֪ҵ𡣡
̲ʣҲϺܶŶ
诣ô˵ҲСܶŶ
ϣҺŮѶСŮ𡣡
诣
ܹܲȥˡ
诣ǲ̫įˣ
ûֻǵ̫ˣ̲סһ£Ͼȿʼ
诣
诣ҸǮģ㵱ʱ˵Ұʮˣ
̲ÿɷ񣬡ҺЩ˲һҿǺܹġ
ⶼʲô߰ġ
ͷߣ˵вС
Ŷ֮ǰϵ㡣
ǲνһ¶ȡ˹ͨǻ
Ϣͨ
Ȼ˹ͨˡ
ţ˭ң
ϵˣμԡ
һ£ҵˣ
ѾǸ֪ͨ׵Ժ
ϾѧȥҲʣµռˡ
ڵҲ˼κˡ
ǰǲ֪¶ȵսҲ㶼ħˣҪظ𣿡
ţ룬˵Ҳѧ
诳ΪҾûʸңǵĹҵ˽˽ڡȵȣ⻰ȥǲ˼ң

ٴ̿ϣ˿֮⣬ȷʵҲûʸָˣܺħⷽ档
诣Ϊͣ
ǳս
˵ǳսʵʲôΪ¶ȱҲɱˡ
һսѾֵĶУʤˣԲʮ
ɢĿ˵Ľٶȣ˼ִ꣬žͻһ롣
ʮ
˵ʤ˺һ䡣
ðɡ
诳Ĭ˼ӣҲ֪ǲȫҵʵ
ûߣڹѾɵʮ˴ڶгˡ
ŶǳսʹֶΣ𣿡
û˵
Ȼԡ
Ǿʵ
һ˵һʼʱڱĵ˵͹װģ϶Ҳϰֶʽ
请Լ޷һ㡣
̣Եʵչ¶֪ʱò
Ȼ޷ϡ
ΪʲôеŤˡ
һһϰߵģϾĸ֣Ӧڲ͹սȡʤġ
Ǿǿ
Ͷ
ЦԵģϾĽٶȣ治̫ࡣ
̫ࣿ
˵һ̶ֳȵģ
Լǣô͵УǲǻкԼˣ
ôʳˡ
ȷʵУ˵Ҳֻڡ
룬ħսʱҲвˣ缫ʮħ
诣
Ǵˣ߱ħˡ
诣
ǲǻҪһ£Լħ˱չ֮
Ŷˡ
һ£һûϵˣҸתһ仰
诣ţ
˵ԸԸΪй١
ظһ飬֪ʲô˼𡣡
诣ʶ㴫𣿡
˵ûġ
̺޹˵Ӧͨҵĳͻҵҵİɡ
δԼˡ
读ûڣ˵Ǹ˻˵㲻̸شֻҪһ룬һҪĶ
⵹ǺйͼԼΪʮʱ˵ơ
ϸҲ̫һ
ðɡ
请ܵһῼǵġ
ԼĴȻǾܾ
µص㲻ǽʲô͵֯ҲҪĶ
Ǽ򵥵ɣй˵ԱҹŲǵ
ǣԼȥĳ£ͲΥ
ܾӦõһеĴۡ
С
ּһ䣬˵ڶʲôˣṩΪھⷽǷȱ޷ԶԶǸˡ
΢΢۾
˵ͺعҶƺҲڴĻش
ȷʵ
ºҲûϵ
˳˼
˵ʵҪֻԽԽæҲһ˵ҪܳʱŻᷢԼˡ
ҲȷɷԼ·ʲôӦ
ܻҲܲ⣿
һʱķŭ֮Ͳȥעˡ
ֳ︡ԡ
鷳Ҫ
꣬ҵȻ˭ܱ֤Ժ󲻻ͬһϣ
ο˵ʱȥմˡ
ȵȡ
ɡ
ɱй١
йٵ˾ļɣֻǱܾˡ
Լݳ֦ģйٵ˾
˾˽һУΪ˾ɴ
ʶ¶ģڽŵˡ
ʵһȻԼĴԱǣ˵ô¶ץסģ
ˣ
Щɻʵҿ׸źûʲôˣ
½ľһ顣
诣ҵĴͷӡǣ
æȥ䴬ͣĻ⣬۲ħһ£˿ͷûܹ˿ࡣ
ӦʱЧѾˡ
˿뵽½Ḷ́һ½챦ʯСЯĿԡ
ˡ
诣ϵһ°ء
óµĹԣתԼݵϢȻ˹ͨ˸Ϣûʱ䡣
غܿظܲܵһȡ
˲ӣ
õˡ
߻ص˵ͳº͵ɤոиƵ顣
诣ûϵôá
Ӧһϲ㡣

һ£ʲô
ʤ
˵¶ȲûйϸڣҲһǳʡ
诣ô˵ģ
¶Ȱߵ˵Լܱ̾ǵð˾Ųʮ
Ȼ˵Ҳ׼ˡ
¶ͱ¶ɡ
ʿҪԼ磡
أ˵Һˡ
̾˿ʵһ̸̸ǵʱĽܲ޸һ¡
زûʾʲôҰϵ
Ҳ˵ɾ͸ɵˣǱ¶ƺҲ״̬һӺͼ
ʲô£
ٴ˳ɤ
ġ
ӶһҷһǸϲǮ
ɽ𡣡
¶ЦһתҲûϵǸˡ
ڻû˭ҽ֣ȻЩطص촬ºչֶư˽ݡ
诣ܲܰ㣿
ȷ𣿡
¶Щ˵
챦ʯӶʤζǿҲ֤ܶ¡
֮õġ
ЩǿԪ߳ƺŵˣӵҴԻԼܹ¶ȡ˹ͨ
Լļҡ
诲̫ȷ˵ôãҪķɴ֮ǰʵû⣬ΪֻΪְҵ޶ˣŻᡪ
һܹؼ⡣
˭֪⴬ûжλװãҪһɸҲ̫鷳ˡ
´ɣ
ͣͣ⻰ûҪ˵ȥ֮㿴Ÿɡ
һʱİտʾӶ
յ˼ʿ
ܹǧڵתˡ
յѴͣʲôطɡ
¶ȸ˵˵ҿ׷λá
诣
Ȼ
ԷĻʱ׷Լλã
ҲûһȺսΧԼԶšȻͬȼĸ֣ȻٶബͲˡ
诣ԡҰСʱھͣ£Ȼ㷢Ϣ
лˡˡ
¶˵͹Ҷˡ
诳Ĭ˼ӣȻЦߣǵĴˣһң


87 
ǰϵ;, һֱоԼ¸Ƶ
ʱãǹ極Ŀռ
ԪˮױľȵȣռҲһ, аֲͬ
Ʃ索ռ˲ƣֲͬ
ǣ󲿷ԪߣֻῪһԵ
ڿռ˵, ͬʱӵ, һر𺱼¡

۹ĸ֡
ڰǺ;ǵб, ֻ˵ͿռйأоͰŵ˵ļһ
Ϊͼ, ڿռߵĽ, ҲǶĴˡ
ǼһȻǿռȫ˲, ٱȽ˵Ķս̣֪кܶȴԼķ
ȻⶼҪջ۵ϤͶԼȤġ
ռ䡣
Ȥ֮, Ҳŵ
˲ƴͿռ϶ȵȣʹãȴûа㷴Ӧ, ȻǻûҵС
򿪴ռĸо΢
ȫעʱ, ԼԼ׽, ֱߵĳλ, ƾղһġصʵλ֮ϵռ䡣
ǲǴϵķ, һֺ;Ƶĸܡ
ڲ׽ǸռڵĺŽ˺ѡš
, 诿ʼе, ׵ˡ
Ȼֹͣһϵв
Ǹռֻ, ĳߴ硣
оԼĵҲظ˴롣
Щ
ַ˼Ρ
ڣռжʮңֻܴŹԣǱȽС
ҪάźĴСҪһֱһĵ״̬
Ȼƣ͸вһֱǿǶֹͣſռһ˲䡣
Ȥ
һ룬ǹ楹ԥЩˣάһȽϴĴռ䣬ֱӰǵս
ԥ°ܵôңҲйϵ
˱ûôռҲ֪־ᶨʲôɡ
诿ʼоռ
ڽ챦ʯͣڸһŻֵ֮ȥʻ׸ţԼڷʵ顣
һ·ϣⲻϴԱǳֵ
˫̥ܵʱ򾭳ܽܽȻ˹ͻһЩ״̬ĴȻش
诲ûоЩҲûŵоܵרע״̬
ֹһʱ䡣

ܽܽžžžķţȻ󻶿ر˽˵ҪһԴ
һظ½ĻĿĵػš
վû⣬Ǿ׼ͣɡ
Ȼ̣ǳλãѾһϵ
ЩûǺŴڵʱóͨҪǽ䶳״̬
ܲһֱ˼ʮꡣ
ߵʻգϴ档
һ˽˳аͿռվͣλޣΪʲô꣬Ҳࡣ
ڽѺǺܿӵͣɡ
½̾һһΪǴӴ˾ͨء
ǵĴҲᱻ֮⣬߸ɴͻһ֧ʲôġ
诣ģǼûôţؽϣ
Ҳ벻ʵĴˡ
ض̬ƺδı䣬¶ϻ˵ѾǺûء
֪ǻû뷨
Ϊ¶ȣ诲ڣϾͳŵģһô
ȷʵ˹ͨ彻
Ҳǵֵ⣬˵˫ûͻҲûޡ
żԹʯ¢ȼͣЩԴվշѼ۸ø߲֮⣬诶ûʲô뷨
Ҳ¶˵ˣԼǸǮµĹӶûԡ
ӶԷ̬¶ȿе㲻ˬҲʼٸħ˵ˣûн޶ϡ
͹ˡ
ϾǱɵ⡣
뵽һ㣬ٴͷʹ
Ҳļ
Ȼֱ˿̣Խŵ˽ⶼǳޡ
诿½Ҹһ𣿡
֪ܣֻǲ巢򣬵Ҳûȥѯϸڡ
ģ
½۾Ҫҵ
βͿʼҡΣȻתȦȦǱ˦˦ż˦˲Ӱ
诣ԣ´ԣҰѶСӽռôҿһ±ıĶ
ⲻ⡣
½ĵ˵û˵ʲô
һ˵һ߼˦βͣͷϵļƺΪ˷΢΢ƲȥȻ˻ֵķɻ
Ҳ
ֻǺȻԿռȤ
ȥǮ
ɽ֮ͣߵͻ˹Լȥ

ƹΧһȦʮҲܻ˳䵱
;οͲܶ࣬Ҳر٣һȥȺĴǳ
ȺʶЩˡ
ҲǾһͼı죬ֻγɵıܷӦ
ȷʵħˡ
Ȼ䣬ڶƵķУ诲׽һĹؼʡ
Բʮڣͬʱܶ˵
󲿷ֶֻЩ֧ĳһ˵͵üע
ħ˵Ļ˹ͨôܸȤ
ͬһ˼˵
ʶȥ˵Ȼȴûġ

读عͷȥ
ܸ¾뷽ȻǱȺվŲˣһʱȷʵ˭˵ġ
Ȼ𾯽䣬ѾԪػ׼
һ룬еһҵͷʹ
˭һͷǣֽ­зһ㣬ֻоÿѪܶҪը
⻹ֹ
ʹϼӾ硣
ǰѼ⵶Ѫ֯ʶӾҡܻ˵ǡ
һѻҵļ糱ˮӿ
ǰĶЩѰ棬˺棬ٶȱЩǳľҲֳ
ԸЩƬ
һ˲䣬诺ֻصˮС˳ãʶģŸǽƻްա
ػʧѪĸо
ֿ顣
һľ
Щʹһһֻֻչצز֫ק޵׵Ԩ
ʶɢǿҵĸ֮£ֿͷ
ֻԼ޾ʹ֮УԽԽԽԽ޷԰Ρ
ɡ
һ˲ôš
ȵȡ
סԼ죬ָܵﶼѪҺǹȥ¡
ǹȥ¡
ҲҪηЩЦİɳԱ͵ƦåҲúԼΪˮİ׹ǡ
ΪЩȥڵԼ
ܺ͵ǿһʤԼ
ǸʤЩˮ֡
ⲻص㡣

͵ѹ
̧ͷһ˫˸Ű׹۾
˫еĶЦδȥͱ˾㵺ͷ߿
Ǹ˵󡪡
Ʈƣڰɫƾո֣Ϣ䡣
ȻĶͷ

ٷ֮ʮĳɹʡ
ʧԼٷ֮ʮ

׵Ĺԭ˵ܵģҪԸ磬жɹҲû
Կ϶һ޶ڡ
读л㱵š
˼ŷſ֣˦һصѪΧ˿һĻ𾪵ضԶˡ
ʮ֮⣬Ⱥɢ¶Ǹеˣī䣬ЩӲܿͱ˲š
㣿
Ⱥ֮ȷʵѱ֡
֪ǣ请ʱ߾ֱӸȥѰڹԼˡ
ǹ֮һȷ£ԼȺﾫȷλĿꡣ
ͨ˿ߵӰ
Ҳǲ쳣˽ɢˡ
жɹˡ

Ǹ͵عڵϣͷ
ΧԽԶһЩ
ְϥǣҲһĻĻҵĻ档
ֵȻйڼľࡣ
ʹһĻȻһֱУ
诸ոձ˺֣˲鿴˼䡣
ɹԶԷļҲᱻ鿴
ⷽ沢رóȻôҲէһһѼҲûлҡ
ڹۿЩصĻʱ诺֪ʶһ¡
ħˡ
ոеʱȫԼħԿӰ졣

ħİʾ
ȵȡ
Ȼ䣬ЩϤס
ĳϤĿոۺվ¥տյȣӢĺ췢ĵ߹
ԡڵƹϵĶЫ΢⡣

诲ŵ۾
һĻ֮󣬺췢ʹصѪС
㣿
̧ͷ
͵ϮԼˣɱ֣
欺ԥ֮ɱ޻˹ͨ壡
Լ¶ȸոոһܣɱԼ


88 
үġ
˵, ʮ׵ľ룬ֻһ˲䡣
˸ӦͱץŲӺݺˤ˵ϡ
ΧȺȻɢ, ηˣӴĻԶΧۡ
ȻǶոһĵ⣬ԷӦٶȣ޲ʾߵݡ
˻Ҳûп
ЩǱԶ̲ٿص, ﹤˶Щ, ֪߸ӵ, ðȻ˼ŭ塣
ȴ˲ôֱ࣬Ӷþ, µˡ
ɱҲ޻˹ͨ𡪡
ҧгݵʵ
Ĳӡ
־, ֻҪܽ顣
֮ǰɱ˶Է, Ͼ˾֮⣬˲ôǿ˵ͬ
ȵȡ
诺ȻòԾ
µ巭, ѾѪûк

ֻһη
Щš
ղǿȵĹȻǾĸ, ˵Ӧñһ͹ҵɣ
ߵķ, ֹʧܶķɲͬ
߶Աɵ˺޴
ǰֻ൱һԼ
Ǳٴɢ, ЩԱ˹, Ȼǲûи߾, Яװ˻
ֻǴɨػˡ

Ȼֻּ֪׸
ԣ𾪺η, ʬһ·߻طɴʱ, Ҳûܵκӡ
ЩԱ, ҲֻĬĬʹȥɨϵѪ
诽ʬϽɴ󷽵Ĳֿһϲʶ
ԱΧ
ܽܽȻûֵͼҲ޹½ɨʬȥ͡

ݿȽƺЩȣ233ǵľоƬʾǰˡ
诣
诼ֵֹˣ뵽һֿԡ
Ǻ˵ľǼ򵥵һĶܴɵġ
еܣǷھ࣬ȫҪһʻϣʲô״
ֻҪߣʲôܷ涼ܺͨơ
ڵʬ壬ȥй̫ˡ
诣ֻǱٿصʬ壿Ļָ
ôף˵׵ı壬ڸںԶĵطأ
ʱ
ٴΰߺȻ֪һ¸Ļ
Բû˿ġ
ðȻΧ󣬷һ˵ľܻܹܿ
ʬҪ𣿡
½ʵ
诣һ°ɣá
ȥ䶳ա
½תˡ
һ£Ϊʲôǻֶ
½ΪܻͣʬȥǮ˼ܱʬװá
诣ܺá
ԱԴ
½˻βͣҪ𣿡
诵еǷڿռվҪｫɱ˾ͽ⡣
ֲ̫þȥѣΪⷽв࣬ٿصʬҲͬһȼġ
ʬ屻һͷŵˣȴܡ
Ҫɱ壬ɱ˵Ҫħ
˵
请˷бԾĸֲֹһûĸֵ
Ҳ֪Ǻ¶г𣬻Ǻ˹ͨг𡣡
½װûˡ
ְ˽ŵŲʬ壬֦ܽܽ˴ʬȻܿʧȥȤ
ֵڵ䶳յĲʱܽܽĵվԱԡ
ĹֱϣЩ
ʱգܽܽཫͨϵ߰˰ˣĶٶȻޣһһ̽Щߡ
һתͷȻƳϤۣһ¡
ֵ㿪һš
Ժͨ߷Ȩ
еϢžҪڱϵ¿ձѲӡ
ﲢû˵Ϊħˣһ˻Ƿǵɵʧ˵ʵҲħ١
üŵֱ
²ԺãׯµɫãװƼʮ㣬һȫϢӰЩƵЩͳƱ档
Щ˸ĹӰԱǵ
ǶʵȨر粵ű˴˵Ĺ۵㣬ȻϹЩڣͶӰڴС
ﲢûвʵʵ̨ʣֻƾϡħˡߡ֮
ʵҲ̫ԡ
ֻһֱǷ룬ԿƵĿ̷ͣӦ
˼ؼۿ
ԱִǵϯλһһңȻǲͬĵɡ
ȻǷʱÿ˵仰ʶм䡣
˵λˣϯλǻεģֻҪԲͿԿĲԺ鳤
ڿʲô
Աֵչ
ܽܽԴ˲ȤҲûϴĹۿ
Ǹˡ
Ȥ˵мǸȻ¶ȳͦġ
˫̥һۡ
ǻڲ֪˭ðҲɡ
ͷڴﻺƶѾǸϡ
Щؿλϣһ֧°ͣ
ʵĵƻԺͶӰڵĹâУ׵ķ˿·⣬ӢͦԡӰ鿴

֮ǿ
ȼյĺ챦ʯűųѲ״̬ããǺһĹâ
װ꾫ܰĴ췢ӰıĬĬݰϵĲ档
ϰ塣
ʱ䡣
ͬʱҲ
¶ȶݰ˸
תͷ˿ΧϤĻ
ǼֵǵϷգٵϵĻ̵ëߺսģͣԹá
ȻܿЩûκһ߽ˣҲֻſվվ
¶´뿪ңɴĳȣһһ߷Ըղ·ǿħˣùȥ
Ա߶ʱ˵ͷϢаš
ոһֱڹȴͬʱ֪ǧԪܲ˵Ҳʲôֵþȵ¡
վǰſڣź췢Ӱ
ϰĻԼȥħˣҪҵĻ
Ҫ
¶ļ򣬡ҽ
ڷŹȫͶӰ̨ܱϵĶ̬ʵʱ¡
Ա߻żӰ
ǶǲͬӶܸˡ
¶Ҳֻǵ˲ӣͼ˻顣
ǵĻ㱨Ȼͬ߷ǵһһʾ˵ļĸ֣ԼһЩľ츳
¶ȣûиȤ𣿡
᳤ǣ
һСʵָģ
¶ȣȻʵԲôһ㣬һЩܰҴܵˡŶ˳ҲпɰԸ񡢿ɰġ
᳤ǣ
᳤ǣ
ǲԼͬɵˡ
ˡ
¶Щĵػ˻֣û¾ɡ
ԱŲ鸴ӡ
Ȼ¶˽߿˿ռ˵ǮµĴˡ
ǰ251ǵж¶ȼȫȨҼʹжʧܸգҲûаԹԡ
ϰŵҲҲˡ
Ȼ˵˹ͨᱡ£¶ⷽǸ̳֪жҪɻ
ǰûü㡣
¶ȴ˸ָעʿʵΣ
Ѿˡ
¶ȸոַ˼ڵȴͨһְͶӰ̨һڿл˻ӡ
ʲôأ㱻ɵˣ
Ԫܺܶࡣ
楿ЦһûɱңֻסңܸоʹƴҲ߲ѣǸˣϰ塣
¶Ȳҡҡͷ
楣Ǹħˡ
¶ֹ̧Ļٻ֮ٵǸ˴ߣмжݵʱعܵǸ˵Ӱ죬ûз¡
΢䣬˵ʱ󣬲ȫǸ˵Ŀռɵģ
оոշı档
¶̯֡
ЩصصͷٻħˣʹߣҲܽ
ô룬֤ЩӽĶõġ
¶˵Ȼһ§סļ򣬡ǵĿģͬʱҲǰȷħеǿҲѡ
ǸٻħˣҲνˡ
ǲȱһ
˵Ҫ𡣡
¶ļͷ
ûСˣϰǸ˲յԩ֡
ͶӰ̨ﴫŮ
Ц˵
ǮԼķɴء
楣
ŷԻͽͨ
⼸һֱ˵
ʯŻùء
¶ȵǲôԽ²ۣ˵ɴҺ뽲һȤţ֤ҲЦ
ѾµҪ˵ʲôˣϵıʱʮ־ʡ
ԡ
¶ͣһ£ɣɣװĴ磿ô˵ڸʲôأ
Ժ˳ܣͷأҪ˵ʲô
һº͵
ŶܿҪ˯ˡ
һĮ˵
ûϵ
¶˵ֻҪ֪žˡǰҴܵǸӶǲɴĴϷʲô


ʱ˿̣读ڰ׸￴ֱ
ͷԺĻﲻƶ
µԱǸֵͣ㲻˧Ҳòġ
ǵлû˭ܱ˸ҫۡ
ɡ˹ͨ
ʯŵĶ³µĲԱԼβԺ鳤Ҳ˹ͨеϴ
ΪǼΨһľǿߣҲ˹ͨͽŶԿĵ
ҲںܶűֱǵһΡ
ֿһ
ɵԱȻڼӰһһڸɢ
ɫƽţ˫ɫǳ͸Ӳ񿴲ǷӢϻζӰ
õĳ඼Щơ
ǿҵĻ磬һݵĽԡ
Ҳֻаص΢һ£ָоôԡ
ǵĴϣԾ͸βסˡ

Ȼ䣬ƺ΢΢Цһ£мĵζ
诿Щ֡
ϿΪԱ۵ݶЦ
Բʱ鷢¶Źâ貵Ļⶤһŵ״΢ͬǺɫġ
ǺǸͨѶ
˺˵˾ʲô

ô˵
诲̫ȷš


89 
读ڿŵʱ, ˴յš

һӦɱˡ
诿˿أ͸еʮԻ
վŵĻйһ֮Եĳ, ֪ΪʲôĪ
Ժֳֿ︡ԣֱһһԥһ£ȥˡ
ڼ, ֱ˼¡
ʲô
͵ش򿪡
诱ֱſ, ۾, Ҫ𣿡
ĽӲվһӰ
΢΢̧ͷi޵, µķڵƹԡ
á
΢Ц
á
Цһ, þò, Ħ
һ251ǿո͵ϮԼڳɭֵĶȼپƵǱ䡣
սһֱĵŶԷ͵Ϯ
Ȼһϸ˵֣Ҳǲܸ鷳
Ƶ, Щ޹̯֣Ҳĵˡ
û˵
ĦոһֱڸΧۣʵвֹһϮ, ʱ״̬, кܴʻᱻ֡
, Ħ᲻ǲٿʬˣ
Ǹ
ĦܳϿҵ˵, ϴɱ, ΪǸ˵ԼԸ
ޱؿ, Ǹˣ
Ǹɴʬ塣
Ħ˵, ǲı, ֻǱٿصģţʬ⡣
诲⣬ոһΣΪʲôҪɱң
û˵
Ħܸɴػش𣬡ֻǱɱһΣ۳ɹ񣬶񡣡
诣˭
ĦҡҡͷҲ֪Ҳûı壬ֻͱƵЩ彻̸
诣ΪʲôҪҽЩ
ҲΪĵˣ£ȻҾҴҲûʸ
ĦԲ˵ԶΧ¶ȡ˹ͨսʶںҵսвδþȫ
ϻ
ȫɱˡ
诣ŶǰҵʵҺǿˣ
ô⡣
΢Ц֪251ǱضĿģҲ²ܺ˹ͨйء
ںĽУܲþȫԷݾߡ
Ҳȥϸ㣬ҲΪ
ʼ磬ô˵أҵҾȫɱ㣬֪֪ʵҲӰȫĶ壬˵ܲף
诣Ҷˣ㲻֪ҵʵٶҵʵȻһסȫļƻұ趨ҪǿǾ׬ˡ
ⲻ
ĦȻͷڿһǺóŪѧġ
诣ѵʵȺ𣿡
ŶҲԣҪԭ򡣡
˸Ĵָ
ҡҡͷΪʲô㣿ܲӴץ㣬Ͱ㵱ɹ˰ɣͬһ֯
Ħ̯֣ǵģҵϼ
诣ʲô֯
ü䣬¶ֱĴࡣ
ЩİɫһһִֻסһҶƬϸ֦Ĺȡ
ţ¶ĵͼ
һſϵˣͬĶȡ
诣
ϤĻ磬ǽŵˣҲȨˡ
û
Ħ˵ͷȨʿ
Щɻ󣬡ӦȨȼ𣿡
ǵĲ㼶ŵԴһ֪ʲôοȻԼ֪ʶ롣
ĦЦЦܹħˣͿԵõ֮ϵĴš
ðɡ
诲ɴϸ˵˵
ˣҲһֱַ״ֻ̬ҪκβԾԻħ
ȻҲ´ߡ
ԱǾ棬ʱ
ĦǰһȴҲֻվ˴ſڣʵҲ㽲̫࣬ҲһԼ
ʲô
̵һС
ĦЩǸ˵ÿԱ͸¶ڲϢҲڱͼǵļʱЩص鱨һģ
诣ⲻ͸¶Ϣ𣿡
̶ֳûйϵġ
ðɡ
诲⣬㻹ʲô˵𣿡
Ħ΢΢ҡͷңܻܲش𡣡
룬ϼȻҲǽŵĳԱ֪֪ɱһŵĳԱ
ĦЩ㵵ؿʲô
诣㲻֪
ҵϼһ㱨ʲô
⵹Ҳ˵ùȥ
ǡ
Ħһ˵һü˼״̬ºܹ졣
ͬʱҲͼ磬ڽʹߵϼǴʹߣÿʹֻӵһϼ԰ɣ
ĦҲܻش
诣ðɣϼʵܷ͵ϮɱһԪߣ
ĦǻȡںܶأҪ֪㽻ս˹ͨ£ҲһԪߡ
һ
˲ħֻǼ
Ӧúף˵־ǳᶨʶиɻߣţҸ
Ҳᣬ课ǸӦòôմߡ
诣˾ӦҲдŰɣʲô
Ħħ
˳˼
Ͷħͬһ֯ﲻͬԱ
ʱ֪ǷΪֱ¼ϵ
ػصĦǷ֪Ķħ£Ħֱ˵֪
ǲһ¡
ȷʵ
ųԱԼԼ¡
ôħɱΪ޻˹ͨ壬˵ùȥħҪɱԼһ
һ⡣
诣ħҪɱңԼ뷨ǽŵʹߵϼǴʹߣʹߵϼǡʹͽûпܣĳʹͽɱң
Ħ΢¶ľɫʲô൱ֲĶ
ĺЩˡ
һ
һֱ̣ڿɪɪȸ
Ҳܻش
ѵ˵Ҳ˽ǡ
Щֵؿһۡ
⵽ȻӦݳģ
ħǼͣ
Ħû˵ֱֻ˸ߡ
诣
ȥһ£Ȼˡ
֪ħǣйǡ
ʱɭֵŮˣ¶˵ǽŵĴʹߣʿаǵʵ
ԴʹҪôҪôǣ
ôʹ֮ϵʹͽǾǵʵˣ
ƩǸֵ̫֮ˣ
̫֮ǶħϼҲйٵϼȻԼѯԼԸԸš
ôԼδʽظʱɶħɱԼе˵ͨˡ
ȵȡ
͵طӦ˵ʲô˵㲻˽ǡ
ǣ

вֹһʹͽ
ѵвֹһǼǿߣ
Ǿ͸˹ͨҲɵˡ
Ħû˵
ӦĬˡ
诣üһ
ȥöǶħ˹ͨ˽𣬻ʲôı
ҶħĦɱԼʿȴԼ
ϵ课öħǳԸǽŵָ
ħı嶼ûȻſոպ¶ȸһܣڱȻ
ٴοĦΪʲô
ΪЭ
Ħԥ˵֪Ҫʲô˵ꡪ

ĦϴҲòɱ㣬ΪҲɱ㣬а취ֱɱңûпҡ
Ϊʲô
ĦΪΣҪɱ㣬ҵĹֻΪαװֳñΪ˹ͨɱ㡣
诣
ɻС
Ƿˡ
ڽŵ£Ħ޷ֱ͸¶Ȼڶħ֮£϶˵
诣˵ı廹ţڵΪڱ㲻𡣡
Ħܸɴػش¡
诣
Ҳ뱻Ϊˡ
ĦܳϿҵ˵˵Ҹ뽻Ķ󣬻˵Ҹ㡣
诣
ħͬһ֯ĳԱֻ֣Ϊ˼޻˹ͨ塣
ĦȴԼ
ܻ϶ɷǳǳµĴڡ
ĦĬһ£Ҳ㡣
ʵڲ֪ηӦðɣ˵ѡǣʵҲô㡣
ûϵ
Ħʼ磬ֻҪҵĻһĹۣĶɱңҾˡ
诽Žɵؿ
Ȼиԭ򡣡
Ħ˵ħ֮ڲ
¶˼飬Ҳܽ¸㡣
ζʲô
ñҼ棬ûȫˣҪôζˣҪôζ̡
Ħ¶ֳҪ
˵Ǻһ㡣
Ȼûȫ
Ϊǳ͵Ϯ˸ӡ̫ˡ
诣ԣƾոЩ޷ֱٵĻҾͲüƽͼɱҵǼˣ
ǿþȥƶԷ޷˵ѡ
ȻĦⷽȻǿӦûʲôõġ
˵ɼ
ĦЩյؿҷĶġ
곤һʮƯ޵ֱʱҲɱ

Ħ΢΢ͷͼǶһ㣬ǰµĲչ¶һ޳Ĳ
ӽĽëһһ㻹ϵõʲô𣿡
˵ָ̧ǰĿӣͬʱЦЦؿ
诣


90 
ȥƺܲ
读ûԼʱı, ԼԷ̸ЦʹɱС
ȫΪħһ֣ԷԷٸʲô顣
诣㿴ȥ˿ӻһļһ, ԣ
Ħһûɹ£ҾҿЩᡣ
诲ôá
ðɡ
ε̾˿һΪʲô
诣֪ŵ¡
Ħʱͷʹ, û, , ʹ˵Ҳ˵ڡ
课ⷴӦҲα, ˵ڲ, Ҿ֪, ֮ǿ𡣡
Ҳȷ᲻ᴥԼ
ĦһɣҿԸ, ǿ϶ģ֮ǰҲħ
ģǿܻԱṩħˡ
诣ħ˹ͨг𣿡
Ҳ֪
Ħҡҡͷ, ֻ¼, Һʵô, ҵħҲ̵ġ
˼, ʾ޷ش
Ŀٴγɡ
ŵԼһܵĻ
诶ֱ, ֻҪħͿ԰Ӱ˰ɡ
Ħ, ƺҪ, Ȼ˵ƺǱֹ, ˵
ô˵ɣҲʲôǹܣҲħһ־ͿԽģұҪȫħܽĳ̶ȡ
̯֣ҾǴʹˣҪ֪ڡ
ֱˡ
ͷߡ
˵ʹǶͨħƣǽǵģ
ˡħҵңǿɲǺġ
Ħ˵ˣ군ˣټɡ
ıӰ뵽һҪ¡
صѸϵ̣֮鱨Ǳڽͨˡ
ôˣ߻賿ء
Էȥ˯⡣
ǸǸ
说æǸܲϵۺ硣
˭
ƺûӦ˭
ĸ磬ǸͷӺܸߣú˧
֪ͣˡ
˵ûϵʽҿŰңҪʱ䣬ϾǸͨ
ȻּĸֲηηأҲ̫ߵͶˡ
诣û⣬תĻҵϵʽ˵ҵɱܵܵˡ
ְ̺ҵԲδʣֻ˵û⡣
诺ʹԱ
Ȳȥˡ
룬ȥɴ
˼ƷƵĴ󽢣ĶǼ칫˾ҵ
Ȼ˵Ҳзֲ۸Թһ㣬˽⵽
νһ㣬ٷֱڶʮϰڵĴ˵ҲǲٵһǮˡ
Ŀǰĺ
Ǿ𼪶ֻһš
½㱨
𼪶Ⱥķɴ֮һ
ٵܱߵϰٿ鲼Ÿ촬ģҸֶܸߡ
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ȴռûŲҲԵһ£ΪûôȱǮˡ
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¼ͣر鲼ѩԭͱԶԶȥһŹǿС
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Ϊ;ңԶټǾ޴Щ򳣳Ӱ֮£ҹӷ籩ƬطȻá
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Ѿǰƥ˹ıԵǿˡ
͸ϴܿɫ̫գһҷɴӹ۳ǺУβѤõ̻
Խǿ𼪶ܱߵķɴԽࡣ
ͣŴĴ
ЩǵȴԷɵ´ЩǵŽ˽˴ֻ˻˾Ĵ
Ҫѡĵط
ڷָϺֲб
𼪶һ൱ķӿոͣʼٵӴ񣬶вͬļλ
޿ȻҪúһ
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诳Ĭӡ

ˣ涮ҡ
ҲЦһԣڿĻϣԸ˵ҲҪԪأ
ⲻǷϻ
诣ǰֻĻҿԺͷ˹һӡҰ˳˵ʲôʲôļܺãһⷽʤٷ֮ʮŵĻˡ
ֻûõģ
ü㲻ҪԼɣ
ҿûô˵
˵ϣ
请˸ۣһϲҴϵСɰ
̶Դ˲ۡ
ǵĶԻܿˡ
ָط˸Ϣͷȥβ˵һ顣
ûصԴڣֱӸ˸
诽ˡ
㻹𣿡
º͵ʺûиоκξ״̬ϵ쳣
诱Ϊʶħ£û뵽ȻȹԼ
诣һãллϣû㣿
š
ӦһҪʲôš
诣
ô¡
ʵܺ¶ûᵽߣȻԷ˵ҲԸʳڡ
诣˵Һϲ𡣡
أΪǺܷĿζ
诸ſ˵ǣ뵽ԷոյĻҲͬΪ͵ģҶϲ
Ц
á
˵˾С
ôõ𡣡
诲ɾ棬ǼҵķɴܲǸҴۣҸһ£
ڵĲƲʵʲôҪۣƶû⡣
ȫһ磬û⣬㿴ļҵˣǸ͹ȥ
ʯ£˽÷ɴӹ˾ССмʮңͺŸǳǧ
ҾͿЦ
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ҾôԴѵġ
غܵ˵ֻϿ¶ѣ
诣ۡ
诣˵ΪǸɹءҪҴһ
ͨǱߵ˿յ̾˿ҶʵûȤϣĻҲǲС
Ȼо˼顣
Ļ
һһֵܳ߷ƵȤͷˣһº޵ˣ
Ǿˡ
ִĿĵصʱܽܽıس˼ʻҡ
Ұ㣡
ɻ̧ͷ
ܽܽվԱߣȻһ֦쳤⣬֦ĩ˻סһӡ
Ǹǳ壬ڵϵʱ򣬱Ŷûֱ
ͷʺţҶ㲻һֱڴ𣿡

ܽܽգգֻӣǰ죬Ұ㡣
诣
诣Ȼǰˣڲ
֦ܽܽ˵ģҪ̸㣬뿪Ǹ򣬵ٸ㡣
诣
ܽܽڤ˼һȻȥ׷Ǹ˵֣Ķѡ
͵Ķ
صضǸӣֿԡ
һž޶˵ٵĳֻ
ֺõĻĶһ顣
ΪӶľ˵Ǹӵĳ״Լ͸ӺϽƲ۷񡪡
⵹ǹеװ䡣
ͨһѣһЩɲжģʹܵԪ
诲ʹҲֹĶ
Щǹеȷʵջʮ㣬Ŵ󲿷˶ԵֿɵƣĻͳȫС
Ȼڻ֮󣬳֮⣬Ͳ̫ˡ
ðɣ
к½׼䣬˳ʲô
ոѡһλڳбԵĿոۡ
ܱһ͵ۺϷġ
ṩָġɵĿ
߻ѣҪѶǸ򴬵
Ϊշѱ׼ܸߣԿһЩǺܿյͣɣָʾʼ䡣
Ϣм䣬֤۲򿪡
ţ
ģȻһͨӨ׵˫г
ѵһһңмжԽӵĻۣԷʹҲһѣɫףһǳʵĹ
Ӹһ򿪣йΧ¶ȷ·
˼ؿǰѵ
ߴ磬õĳȲࡣ
ԼܵԪܵĴڣֻϵԪܡĳħԪϢЩ
ȻĪЩϤ
һȻܹ֡
ô͵أһڼǰ׼ڼ䣿
С
Ϊʲôֱ͸ԼҪܽܽת
Լʱڴϣֲ㿪ɨôȫԵԼȥ
ٷϢ˵Ҫɡ
ȥҲ벻ԭ򣬸벻ԼʲôʱҪ
ѵĳ·ʲộѵƯʲôĹЧ˻
תһ룬ħ˹ɱѵԪܣħ˹죿
ΪܹħˣûʵӰ첻
Ҳ֪ϲȭͷ
ĬĬ֣׼ӡ
⵽ʲôֲ̫ȥ
һɾ˲䶨λ꣬߸ģ̳ǰأ
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ʵӸнǶȣûرĳˣܻ̲סͷһ١
ΪϡõļƻĲ
ǣǼһһ֣žͺѰѣܶ˯ˣ׵ز˼
˭Ҫ

ȻЩƲ⡣
˵ûôҪ
аٷ֮һĿԣҲȥðա
ĿðղŸոտʼأ
ȻƯܿϧһҪ㻹ȥ
诺ܱǸضǰѵ˵һʱ
Ͼʱ档
˵֮ڶˡ
Ժ˻ʵۣǿ԰ⶫĵסĵطʱǸַ϶ȫ֪ġ
课ܼƻͨͬʱѹӡ
Ӽ£˲䣬˫еһֱӻһ貵İɫ⣬û

ɢڸĴԱǶʱ˹
ǵִ¹ֳͿſտյӷ㶡
ʱѾͣˡ
ԡ
½չſտյӣĶأ
诣
˴󾪡
ܽܽãȻ
½ʲôò𣿡
½ΧתһȦʲôܵĲǰ˵
񡣶ƺԪܡ
룬ֱħˡ
Ȼиˡ
ԼƬұָۣ֣ģȻ
ʲô
һۣסһͨסâĳϹĹâ»к
ƫƫɢ¶ǹ̵ģӹ֮˿⡣

ʮ𾪵ؿ
֪Ҳ˴ռȻöֻͻȻ
ֹâ˸Ч
ʲô
ȵȡ
诺Ȼˡ
йٽʱйħ״̬£һѴ󽣡
ʹʲô
ĴǺ棬û˼
ôشţ
Ҫ
ʱô˵ġ


91 
˵
请ʱ, ½̲סѯʵǴʲôʱ
֦ܽܽʾҿԼ, ҷ
գգ۾Ķˣ޴
˫̥Ȼ
ദþˣѾܻܽܽĻˡ
Ʃϲʡʱ״, ֱӾǾ仰һʱ
ǰ251ǿո۵ʱ, жʱ䲻, Էɴһά
Ƕ֪Ķпռǻ˲ƵϢ, ֻܽܽһ
Ȼͽˡ
ֵֹ, һ³˼ϡпʯ, ²ǰѵĹɣȻһһзˡ
ǿ϶ǡ
½һצӣȻɫϿе¿˼, ӹâϿǰʾоĳħܲ
诳̾һ
˫̥ʱ
ǿЩ֣еж, ֺе, ƺ־ºס
ȫ֪ô
һַ, , ⶫһֱڴ, ½֮ǰѴСⶫҲűС˶԰ɣ
ħ˹, ױС
½Ҳ֪, Եʱ˵, ӦǵİɣǻҴҲһңӶֹһ׳ˡ
诽ݸСԣ
½ֽӹ
Ȼ˴ˤڵϡ
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
Ķ䶼ƲòǸ
ɡ
ʧܡ
½˼ζûܰС
Ϊʲô
诿յţѵó·Ż
ԡ
Ȼ½ɹСˡ

һͷˮ
ٴνóŵԶȻȥתǸӣȻ䷢⡣
ӵ·ײһַģֿʱܸܵΪ΢ĳֹ
ǸĵĹˡ
һգգض
˲ʮӣĵĹâϨˡ
ֽŻԣǶվԶ㡣
½ٴʹ
һ룬ӼС
Ȼ仯ģֻӡ
ѵ˿ֱӱˣ˻޴ѿڡ

˿ҶˣֽţֱҽóǰӶĵһܵܵӰ졣
ѵó֮ϸǵţҲͨӡ
诣
ǼһﶼһЩʲôֵֹļܰ
ԱǵıҲǳʡ
תͷܽܽ˵ʲôĻ𣿡
˹͵ر˰죬Ȼʾ֭رһ䣬˵ʱò
诣ô˵ģб𣿡
ܽܽ˻С֦ûˡ
ʱò
һӣѵֱɢɹ㡣
һֱִԼڳȻһ
ӲĺϽǣϢؽ֮Σ˿ޱȣƿڻĻ͡
˸ٴ˳˼
ȥ
ʵӣҲһȭãп
˵ʱòǲָѵôأս
һûóۣʱá
ô룬Ȼô˵˵Ҳ֪ܻжʱ䡪
ĥţҵߣ
˵ŲɸоЩ졣
̫ܽܽе߼ϵ˶һζؿ
˵
תͷԼĴԱǣҪҪʼԼ
˼ڼ䣬ֿܽܽҪҪԿ
ΪвʯܽܽԡЩҲһˣӦҲߡ
ֻ诲ʣûжܽܽǿķ档

˹ｫ֦ǰһƱ˫۵Ķʲô
课ϸؽһ顣
ܽܽ˼˼ӣ
Ȼʲô
űʾԼԵʵƷǱͷŶ
ħ˵Ӱ춼Ա
ܽܽҲûܾһ͵֦쳤Ȼס˴
诸еϴһ΢ĴʹȻһĸо
еǴҩ
诳ȵȣƺиʴԣ
ϵĲƤѾʴˡ
ܽܽջ֦ҲЩãȻ
ʵжʲôֻǸݴȷġ
ܽܽǰҲ֮ſԡ
һϸ֦˴
֦ϸСļ̶̣˵Ƥ΢΢ѿĻһ㣬¶ĵɫ֭Һ
ЩڴƤ󣬶ҺҲ֮עȥ
ħܽܽ
ܺá
诵˵ͷӦҲˣҺһоһ£ĸŬ
һ˵һ߲ͷ
˫̥Ľؿܽܽ
ĳ΢ĲͬȻʱ˿̣Ǳ񼸺һģһġ
诣
Ǹܵɻߣ̧ͷ˫峺۾
诣ǰɣǿҲֹˣҪҰоô𣿡
ʱ̶ֳͬȵʧ
½ͣ˦βͶȥ
Ҫ
һһץסǵļ򣬽ɥĴԱ˳ȥͬʱкܽܽϡ
Ǯģһ췿ѶʮأܸܲҸһ㣡
ֵʱˡ
ʲô
ͷĶ䶼ȫˡ
˽нĿոۣԱߵľƵ꼰ֳȻһ塣
һ˳ֵس˷ɴԽӵһ͸ˮȣֱͨԤ׷
׷Ҳָɲͬ򣬱˴˼˽ԺܸߣΨһͨĴȫϢ豸˺ɳ̲
ĺ˷ţƽɳ̲϶ɡģĴůʪϢ
Щ̵ɡ£ʮΧһС̨̨϶ŸɫľˮԱʮ˻վ
ЩŮУЩɫɫ죬һȥӦоС
üһ
½ոոпһ䣬ģҲǿ
ԱߵĴѾ˹ȥͬʱһ𷢺һƯˡ
˶˳¶΢Цǣǰߡ
棬ߵӺţ߹ȥķ䡪˵ٶ滻ġ
Ȼͣ
ҲԼͬפ㡣
Ťͷ˵ŶԣܽܽǱǸ̵ɡߣҲǸڣ淿ҲȫϢ豸Լ桪
ܽܽӦһıȥһˡ
ʣµ˫̥һۡ
ⷽûʲôǿҵİ󣬵Ҳûܾ⡣

ͬʱת̨
ȳԵ㶫
вС
ų˹ȥ
诶ȹ˿ֵҹ
ҹȫϢ豸ˣվڴ߿羰
߽ڸߴԸԶɭ֣ҹ仹ܲϿԶзɴ𽵣ɫʰ쵵ǻʡ
ʩΪȫṩ˼۸ȫϢģա
豸ϷҲиģ⡣
²ԣμһAɴʻʸԡ
课ԼĲǳɧһٷ֣ٿø١
ǲ
˹̹ܽ
ߡ
ĬĬ˸ָܿűõķɴţ㣬ɢˡ
ˡ
Ժ˸Ҽûзɴʻʸ񣬾ֱӰЩ˴ߺŪȥˡ
诺š
ڶ峿ķˣˬؿžƵṩķǰȥˡ
;ҪΪɴȫ˴ԱǲԷɴͺѡ񷢱
ҲչʾԼղصļͣǶе˫̥һЩۣһ±ʾѡһû⣬ϾЩǹȫۻĴ󽢡
ͬڴӵ˿ܼе˾򣬵𼪶ľסصͨΧЩ촦۵ص㡣
ЩԱס͹Զɴ̳ΧſĿյأԹʹ䡣
诽ͣܿе
ʾԼҪѡ󽢣ұгռ֮ûãרŵԱٷְٵĻˣΪˡ
ǰ̳ͨԱǾڿĵһۣǶʶ˵źϵĹԡ
ܿеĲΪȻ
ǲֵԣֻΪƽ·ǮͨߵԾһӡ
ǻǾְعֻǻȥЩڴ۵Ʒǲġ
׼ڽǼУҲԿȥϵġ
иͼһҶ̽մ
ϲ˵Ҵװ׼Ӧ̫ѷĸƣǿȼȵȡ
ͷ󣬡ꡣ
һָߣҪ˵
̱죬񾪿ֵؿ
ҡҡͷѾ˵ֹһ飬ҪܹԾǨĴﲻӭңҿߡ
ƵҲֹһ⡣
ҪȥһֵǵƷƷװҲ׾ٵЩ˸ı̬ȡ
诶װûʲôִֻԼϲ·ǵ̯ݳƷơ
ҲΪЩȥıĴ硣
һȥˡ
诽˾ķɴġ
ǹʯµҵ̳װ굽񼶱𶼸˲ֹһΣ֮⣬ĴȫṩԷɡ
ʹЩʮڰڵĴ󽢶ֻ
ڲͬ͵ȫϢͶӰģգù˿̹ۿʻյĽṹ鿪ĸо
ƵĹܣ̳ҲûУֻǻ豸ûô࣬ҪŶӡ
Ĺ˿Ҳܶ࣬򶼺֣Ĵǳ
ͬѯʣֻ˵Լ΢Ц˵¿ʱҷˣͱ뿪ˡ
ҹӰУԿ˼ҴԽԽͷ

ģա
ɽV5콢档
ΰȫϢͶӰչݰ͡
ݰϻм۸͸Ϣܡ
ԾǨʧЧ
Щɻʡ
ΪʲôΪ泤ûά
ҲΪԴУ׼󡣡
Ϸͳö
Ȼ̧ͷ
ߴӢĺ췢վһߣ΢΢ɫﵹӳȵ


92 
˰
е㾪, һΪҪܾòܿأ
ۺû˵
췢˴˼ڵĻף°ڣ˫ֳĿڴ
·ȫڵ, ֻװ׵ģڵƹһһâ
ͷŹӶ
ֻؿڣֻҪһ֣ë޵ڷ

ͬһʱ, Ҳ
ƽֻԷؿ, Щϸϸ⻬, û˿ĥۣҲûаζ
š
·ǱȽµġ
᲻ִʲôƷ
Ȼ˵һﴩʲôͦÿ, ȫѪĻ, ֻš
Ҳûϵ
š
ʶԼĻе, ɸɿһֻû뵽ֱˡ
ȻһʱҲ
ۺȻûڡ
ֻǵͷƺִӹӶӹ, 䵽Ļϡ
ЩҵͶӰʹⲻ˸ţڱİɫĤϻζҷ
΢΢ʱĽҲ֮, , ӳŵƹŰס
ҡ
ۺԼ˵
⻰Ǹʾ䡣
, ž;Щ, 㲻֪Ϊʲô㣿
ۺû˵
诣㻹ˣ
ŶԷԸԼϵ, ͸¶Լ֪¡
ȻҲȷʵġ
ۺֶһۣƺ˵ʲô, ջû, ֻǵ˵ͷ
ҲǾºܵйء
ô, Ҳû̫Ҹоá
֪
뵽ԼҪ£ɫԭȵϲҲ˲ɢ
ҵɱܵܵˡ
ۺû˵飬ƺûиеܾȡ
Ҳص
诲ȷţǡţȵȣ˹ͨĵϣ˵̫ɡ
ۺ΢΢ҡͷһȺ˵
ǵ˵ޣһЩ˵¼ʮҲ
Ϊܷĸ֣Ҳжϳûߡ
ðɡ
ɫȻҲǰܼܵһΪ̵֯Ȼͬһ֯һԱɱˡ
ۺ磺̣
诣²ֵĻҲ㣬ص㡣
ۺĬ˼ӣ˭ɱ
һΪħˡ
˵ļ￴ڿոۣʱĴ磬һμʱӣȻţڵϡ
ۺ΢΢̧ͷԽΧ˿ǵͷŲԶĴͶӰ
ƺڴҴȻĿȴƮԶȻ˼顣
ûдͼĶĻϵЩϢ
̫ȫרעϿһһ䡣
ֱܿĶˣۺ绹û˵ƺȻ˼
诸ɴٴνһȫϢģգڳѡһսģʽ
Ȼʱúܲҡ
ºɽյķϵߣҲ̱ʧȥбը

߳ģա
ʵĻһַҴ
Ʃ˵߰ʮ˶Ρ
Ϊʲô
ۺЩɻؿ
Ҳһʾ䣬ȴȻڳʲô¡
诲뵽ո˼ʲô飬ʲôΪʲôΪʲôħҪɱˣΪ˹ͨг޻ǣ
ۺ磺ΪʲôڵһӦǰرӦѣ
诣
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ʱ߷˶ԷܣԿػ档
ȻǲǶħı壬ֻǱٿصĹˣԼģǹԺļ䡣
˵ӹ˱ħٿصһֱԼʱڵļ䡣
ǰҲһʱ䡣
诣ܾ˹ͨ塣
ɴཫԼϮͺԽ˽Ħֻûϸ˵ݡ
诣αҵֳţ˵Ϊ˹ͨġ
ֻǲ֪ԼˣĦô
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֪ʱ
诵˼һ˲룬ͬʱǰĺ췢˵ڵ֡

ع˵ħ뽫һм޻˹ͨ𣿡

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诣
ħӦɱ
诣ϴλ˵ܵܲǿ
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ۺ磺ǲֱ¼֮ʹԼ
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ס
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ΪۺԽ˽ⲻ࣬ڿҲͦ֯ġ
ʶ˼ֿܡ
ƩԼʧЧ
ԼʧЧԭҲкܶࡣ
Ʃ˽ţǶħ˽š
ħȻڿĦҲȻдࡣ
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ۺ΢΢ҡͷ
Ҳǡ
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㲻ɴ𣿡
ۺ絭˵˵
˵תȥ
ȵȡ
诿ıӰ̲סںס

ۺ΢΢ͷ
诣ʵûʲô飬Ϊڵķɴɱġ
ûôѹ
Ȼ󲻳أԱ߾Ĺ˿ͣͶ˿־Ŀ⡣
诶ǵӶûʲô飿֪С
ǡ
ۺ룬Ҳ̫˽ڵг
ûϵֲǽֻۣ֪Щעʱ򣿡
ۺ磺
ûˡ
˵ȻҲһ֮ǰ˵ҪһȥǸʬ塣
ȻҲֱ߿ķɴ߽ȥ
ݵĳĬ󣬺췢˵ͷ˵ԣҪն˺ţȻĺѡ
Ҳ͵õһƪɴѡֲָᡣ
൱꾡רҵʽ
ڴ󽢵ƪУҲؽһЩԼԷڼȥһҴ
޶ʱǼǰˣȻЩȻá
лл
Це˵
ʵ诿ƵĶ
ϾһֱܹԾǨĴ󽢣ȻҲһЩ׼
ֻЩָϢû꾡
请˷Ŀ¼սϵвûд꣬ƪȻֹ
Ȼҵ£Ǻôˣ
ɻʵ
ҵĵʦ˵ɽֹ˽˲ɹϵսѧУڵ򡣡
ƽ˵
ŶʵҵĿ𣿡
诺Ȼ˵ʹͬѧĴѧ
ۺЩɻؿһۡ
ڻǳģûнѧУԺҲȥκѧУԾʣ
գգۣ㲻˵ˡ
ۺ絹Ҳûʲô˵ģҲֱӻشˣƼ
诣
ǲߵԺУۺǰʮ𣿣
ֶѧûȤˣ֪ζ뿼ѧУ
֮ǰΪûͨԶ¥ġ
Ȼ󱻾Ȼˡ
ȻǸѧԡ
诸пҲԣȷʵúܶࡣ
ۺ粢ûбӰ죬ԼҲʵûʲôӦ
ûá
췢˵˵ϣҴûȥ
ʲô
һ£ûȥǸѧУ
ʱԲ˶Թ
ƩɫѬĵʦƩ׼ӺͬѧƩֲƽ֮ġ
ȻԲֱŭ󷴻ı硣
诣ʵʲôѧУͺˡ
ۺ΢΢ҡͷļǺ
诣
硣
ؼһ죬ҾͲῴҸĸʬˡ
ƽ˵
һ¡
ֳʱ˵ǵĸĸۺʧˣһʱ䣬ͳΪͨ
诣ǵģ
΢΢ס
ǸȻǸҲǰЩ
á
ۺ翴ȥ⣬ͷβûǶˡ
һʱֲ˵ǵǸĸӦûǰߡ
ķӦĲǴʹµӣһ䣺ܵ˵Ϊͨģ֡
ǵЩ¸ߵģ϶ͨ
ɣɱͨ˲ͨ
֯һԣ֣ţȽϵ͵ģݵģ
ۺٴףһƱ
ֻܽϴֵˡ
ǿ϶ĳЩֶΣҪôϴԼҪôһЩαװԼǱߵǺϷ
̾˿ҲɱƵˣȻǱ˹Ӷģʵҵ񡪡Զˣ֮Ҵôġ
ΪԷû뵽ۺ絹ǿһۣôģ
Ҳһ£
ʼ磬ҵǣ֤ǵУ֤㲻ô
췢΢΢ü
诣Ϊɣǿܲᶼ̣Ҫÿһȥ
֪ľǿΣʱܿ˵ļ䣬ǶҲҴ˵Ŀԡ
˵һ롣
ͳ˵ҲҪ
诣㻹Ҫʹ;
ۺ˼ؿ
ӶԴ˫Ĵ۾ܵغӡ
ʱѾĴˡ
췢˵˵
۾Ͳˣ˼Ҷ
Ӷ˻֣ȥԷˡ
תȻзɴܹϵͳѵ𣿡
读عͷǸǹӶְҵɱ֣˵ء
ۺĬȻƬ̡
ԷɼһҳĲˡ
ô˵
ȻҲηӦֱԶˡ
ź췢ԶȥıӰȻǺܺãҵļҲûôŴ㿴
ۺƺͣһ£Ȼּǰˡ
룬ʹɴը̻ԼҲ£Ӧò᲻֪Դֻǳĳְҵϰߵѡ
Ȼ֮ǰȥ޷ɴĻƣȻУͶⷽҲȫ͡
Ļϴ˼£ԱٴλˣѯʲôҪ
诣ҪԷɡ
û⡣
΢ЦҪɽV5콢ԷֻṩV5ģһģһģҲзͣΨһװͿ͵ƹܴ䡪
诣û⣬ܰ𣿡
ǺܿṩһݱȽϼ̵ԷЭ飬汥ʧ⳥ļ㣬ҪȽһݾ޶Ѻ
Ǯ˻ش󲿷ֻ֣۳ȼԴĺͷɴάĳɱǮ
һ赲˴󲿷ԷЩ󴬽뷨
ɨһۣԥظǴǮ
Աǿʼɵذš
͸ĲǽĻĿոһʹ󽢴ӵ»ȽȽ
̳ﲻ𾪺
˶Ҵ
ҪԷɺɽգ
ԲۣҪüڵѺ𣡡
ȿֺشյߣҼֵǵĴ󽢡
ܿ죬ֿ˱һȺԱӵԷߡ
һͷˣһ··ЬӼܳһǧǮ

еģ̫ϡ
˼ӣǸĴ󸻺ȻͣפŲ΢΢ͷ̳Ƿ˹
ŮµųЦݣƺǳģ˼£˻ָ֣Լ˸Ĵָ
Ŀƺ˵ҷɡľӡ
ʲô
Χ۷ɴĹ˿ǲ
в𣬻֣ΪԼǰ
˲м˵
ԱߵЦһ
Щɽգ̧ǡ
вɣǮ˾͹򣿡
Լë˼һֲǸӵġ
˵Ǹһǲ𣿲װģ

һŻ֮ʣû˿Ϣɳŵĺ췢ˣԭȶӷʱȻ̧ͷ
ߴٶ׵ľ룬ıĹӶкظֳΣȻ΢ɲص˵ͷ
ȻתŲԶˡ


93 
ۺ翴Ҵ󽢻, Ȼ·һɫϲԿգʧ֮С
ֱ˰СʱɽյӰٴθƲ, Ȼ󸩳¡
ڰ͵ز෭ڿвתʮȡ
ʮȦ
Ѥĵ߻һҫ۵ԲԶ̻ͬţһʱ, ɴǴһȦɵͨ
̳ٴһƬ
мȦɵ, Ҳ㲻ʲô
Ҫ̾һﵨӴ, Էɳʲô⣬϶Ҫġ

Ȼתһ, Ǹ˿ҲںЩǮ
ʮ⡣
˾Էɲʱ, ֻһ̶Ʒɴ, Լȫ˻Ĺ˿͵ж
ܻ漰һЩ˽⣬Ʃ˿ڷ;Ҫȥ֮ġǾ͵Լ취Эʱ䣬ҪԷ;нΪ
诵ûַ, ֻǰͰسֲϵԷɼ顣
Ϊ
Ͼ´ŻҪһΡ
ԡһĽʵߣڹԱﴩɢŹ˿͵Ĵ׼ȥǩͬˡ
ǰһСʱ, 
ȼԴķ, ɽV5콢, ɴܼʮ, еĴ, ϵļλ
ģҲ̫ࡣ
Щɴǧ, ҲΪ, ӹ˵ʵһΡ
ٴԼĽǶ, Ըһ˳۵Ĵġ
ڡ
ʳ¯ġֻйԷɵĴ󽢣Ӳֿ
شտͣλϣͿʵĹ
񣬷·ĵС
读صִ¥Ĺ˿Ͷڿ
Ƕʶո´
ڰǣٻһҪŪ취Ҵ
ϧǡ
оɱκζ⣬ʹ˼󽢣Ҳûк޵ɱ
ڸָϢ׼ɳϷĺ췢ˡ
߰ɣ
ȻĽͶۺ硣
Ǿ϶ǱǮ˵˶һ
ȻҲ޿ޣ˴·֮ͨͨ⡪ȻǸ򴬵ļһҲǸ·˼ס
Ȼǵòģʲôܴζ
ǲٹ˿ͰԷֹͼһǵƷζ
ûôࡣ
ֻе᲻˿ۺͨ
ΪͨʱСѧӦҲǺܾǰˣͨϵӦҲȽϿ
ٰʱĻ
Ҵȥɡ
ʱװ޲÷ɴڲҵ뷨
Ϊ۸ֹһɣҿѡʩԶԶרҵŵꡣ
Ƚɴ˰׸ͣĿոۡ

̱ڼʻϣҵ롣
ɽյڲṹͺ챦ʯЩơ
ػҴͬĹǼģ͡
Ҵܹ㣬ᴩǰļʻպβ⣬дԱҺ͹ܲҶࡣ
ɴڲռʮֿÿһ㶼г׵ĸ߶ȣȫɰ׸䴬ٶͣҲ´ࡣ
װҲ൱£ĽձڶƯʯĸǡ
ѩʯͺʯӳиִСĲɫʯгֲҡ
Щ϶߼ĸܷ⽺ι̶ԭλ
ǷֹΪʱɵ𻵡
´ķҲȫһ
ȫߵ볬Ѳֻһգ۵Ĺ
ֱʮκδ¶ȵĺ챦ʯţҴҲǲضˡ
߰ɣҴ㿴ʬ塣
诽ۺ˰׸š
ó˱ħٿصǸ˵ʬ塣
˵䣬ټʬȥʱ䲻ãȥҲ
ۺְǿʬƤնԲ˫Ŀ
ʬͫ׻ɢָһź˵İɫ
šʱ۾Ҳа׹⣬ֻǱڸһ㡣
诱ֱۿԱߡ
ͼʬ壬ҲǶħٿع˶
ڰ͵бҲҵħϢ
ǳ̡
ߡ
ˡ
һȻɷ͵ڸЦϾϢʵ̫̫ûˡ
ۺֱ
Ҳ֮񣬡㿴ˣ
췢΢΢ס
ʵҲܺ浽׷ʲô
ħһУֻΪ˼޻˹ͨ
ңħΪʲôΥŵԼ
诣ҲҪȥ£ɱˣܲ˳һ
ֻҪħţһв
ۺԥͬˣԡ
̾˿ŶһеǰΪʲôҪô鲻߲飬ֻҪҲûϵ
ĳλʱһҪЩмۣʾ̫Сҵ
ۺȴֻǳƵصͷûбʾκβȻһ⣬ħɱ㣬ôѵģ
Щ⡣
֪ħ˵ħĹʽ
ðʣ
诣ҸԼЩǹȥ£ҲܷڵңûҪΪǶʹࡣ
췢̧ͷӢԡŲʵĹߡ
ƺ΢΢ǣȻ˫ɫУȴЩȻͳŪ
ȻԼġ
ôš
Է˵ԡû߳
诣
һʶһ˲ǰܹͬϮȴûܰѶħӰ죬ʹȥˡ
诣˵ܵܣ
š֪ħ
װʬ壬ħܵƣ޷ħһܵĻᡣ
诶ˡ
һѿƣΪԪߣ̾ܵӰ١
̾˿Ƿֿ֮־ʲô£ÿ˶߳ġ
ۺĬضŵϵʬ塣
课ԱţһԲ
췢ƺԱͶĳעӣȻԹԵ˼
诶ԴѾϰˡ
ƺ
Щʲô
֪ʲô
ۺ絭˵ȷʵ㡣
诣ԡ
Ӧͽˡ
ͣͣɲҪֻнǿ϶ġ߲ԶֿܵڶħĶ֡
ٴ̾ϢԺȻ˺˲һǷҪԶħĶ֡
ٴΰ
лл
ΣۺȻ˵
գգۣܰﵽУţʵ˶ħټԸһȥɱ
ǵǰոպ¶ȴһܣ⻰ʵҲ൱зġ
ȻۺǷ֪Ǽ£δ¶κβмӣֻ˼ؿһۡ
ϣ𡣡
ָ˵
ˡ
⻰ԻɡֻΪ𡱻ߡ㻹Ҫʲô
վչȥѧУʱк˭Լ𣿡
ۺ磺
ۺ磺ѧϰ
诣
Ҳǡ
˾˭ܿƴѧ
룬뿪ѧУ֮ء
ۺ磺ɱˡ
һʱ£ڲͬĵطƵķʽ
ۺ磺Ȼ޴
诣ðɡ
ǰ׼õ˵Ҳûˡ
诳Ĭˡ
ΪԻʹ˽ȴԷٴοˡ
ۺ磺ɱĳʱʲô
Щ죬Ǻܿشˡ
诣ҵĳ˶ֻ鷳ģңɱңԵɱǵʱҾǺˬ
뵽ݼá
ұЩɱִˣϹͷ࣬򵽳ضǡˮŵʱεɱǵ龰
Ʈ˵Ȼϵ˺Ҳûôʹˡ
룬֮⣬һ뵽ҪһҳԷ˯ϵĸֽˣ
ۺû˵
诣Ҳºܺ㲻̫һ
췢˲ÿɷ񣬡ҲС
뵽Ҳͨ׷ɱҲҲǡ
ǵǵɱǡ
ۺ˵СʱиǵĥңٺȻǵҵһС
诳Ĭؿ
ԣҿʹࡢʱ򡣡
Щɲ˵Ҳ֡
һ˲䣬课˵ĿֺԼ˵Ĳȫͬ
ûжʡ
ۺ˵뿪ˡ
һֱʡ
ܿ죬ĴԱǷ׷ˡ
²ι´ڴ󽢵ĸϴ
ǲҪµĴ
½ʵ
ǣʱûС
ڷбȻһ٣Լ³¯Ϣ
Ŀ꣺ɴ׸š
͵ȼ
ͽǧ˰ٰʮڰǧ˰ٰʮǧ˰ٰˡ
诣ҿ첻ʶˣ¶ȶʲôִ𣿡
ȻһĿģֻвȫϢӰ
ڷӶǷĿͷ˿ڵ
ֱ߱ҫ׹⣬ڿвɢѡ粻㻨
ص˵ͷţ˧
ˡ
诣˴֣ô֪ǰ׸ŵĴء
读һʱ´װβңڴԼϷӡ
ѡԼɫʴ䣬ȫϢͶӰۿ˸ģЧ
ĴԱæŲԼĲҡ
ܽܽ˸߲ҵصȫϢ豸
µĲҿռ㹻ģһƬ׵ɭ֮ˣ
֮ʩҾߵûʲôҪ
˵ֵڷͼʱѾıȥͷ羰ˡ
ȵһж䶨ڵĳеİȻȥոϷҹĻ٣ǳϡ衣
𼪶ҹȻԻͣҫĵƻȥӿո쵽ԶĹġ
³¯İ׸Űͣڲλϡ
ĵɫףƵľͿϣһʵĹΡ
Ƕʮֱϵƹܣƹɫֹѡķ
课ѡΪŵһΪĬģʽ
ԶԶȥ׵Ĵ󽢴ϣɫĵƹ⣬ϴĲɫŹᣬҴԵð룬ʮֻۡ
ۡ
ԱվԱߡ
ڼʮ˸˸ķɴ
ܽܽ˼ӣʲôû˵ֻĬĬתһߡ
½ƺ˵Ȼζֹ
ۡ
ջ½ȱ˸пþûôǰһڵƷˡ
诣ʲôⲻǺ𣿡
½ͷĶ΢΢Ʋ£ţ̫ˣǱϹˡ
诣


94 
ĬĬ, Ȼ½˵ҵĴҾκʱ򶼻ȱеǸ
ҲµĿԡ
鸴ӵ˵
ƷЧԶҲģȫϢͶӰʾĸӹ֡
νĹ, ȻָĹâɫЧ
诣ǵĴоܺǿⲿװףЩڵĶ֮¡
װûԱ񣬡⣬ǻ߼ɢװ, רԸ״ϵͳ
˶ˡ
½˦˦β, ֱ˵㲻ٸɫ, 
ҵ롣
诱ֱۣǰ, ұɸ֮, һҵĴ, ̶ϲ֡
ǶڴⷽĲ֪ԱǲûжԴ˽и²ۡ
鷳ֵȣҲûʲôõĵġ
׼ȥϰɡ
˵
ļƻ˽ռǱߵ¡
ԭȱ弱͵ܵɱԼ, ҪΪ˶ȡԼܾԼȥѵʱ˶֡
϶Ǹж
ճﲻĸ߱ˣΪȥɱֶŮܡ
Ϊҵ, ż뿪ϼȥĵط̸, ҲǸĽڡ
ֻôʱûؼ, ŮҲɡ
ϧԭȸṩ鱨, Լڸ233, ǳսĺۼҲѱĨȥ
ϾҲǸרҵʿ
ͬв鵽˿ǾͲκ
´ĺЧʼߡ
һСʱ, Ѿִ߾, ׼ռվ뾳顣
Ϊ;Ĵֻ, ӵȫ׵Ĵ֤飬˺ܿͣɡ
ͣƽ̨ϣȿôԱȥ
ȥ㶨оƬ
½´
ȥһǵ뾳̣ûл¸ڡ
½Ҳȥˡ
ʵ˲ͨټ϶ߣֻҪһǮȻ뵽оƬ
ȻǾҪɼϢ̿ɱڰоƬҪࡣ
Ȳѣ诲̫Ը¡
Уûй̶룬ֻܼӶġ
ӶǲԸκεطԼϢ
ûԱںܽܽͨ飬Ĳֱˡ
ĴԱǶȨޣŵıȻˡ

诿ӰʾİˣЩɻ
򿪲š
վһŵŮˣżЩĹԱ
ǸװģأǸմӻ߳һ
诿ڲſڣҪæ𣿡
á
վǰŮ˱˵ǹµ˽顪
诶ʱȻ
Ϲкüλ飬дԻ׼壬ǹݡ
ǵӰ֡
ȻٹעЩҲһ֪
诣ʹգ
򡣡
΢Цһ¡
诵˵ͷѫ¡
΢΢ף˵һ䣺֮ǰǲȥ233ҹң
ҡͷӦϾ´ѧŵˡ
诣Ϊʲôˣ
ôţʵҲе
ǰȺˣ鵽Ǽλȥ̬ȹжм޷εη塣
ǵ񣬷·ǰվŵһͻ˺ޣʱҧԼʺ
Ѿ֪Լսˡ
ȤţҲǿģ
ֱϹ֣ƺǷȱһ𾴡
Ȼǵո¶ȡ˹ͨ춯صһսҲ쾭ˡ
ϹСࡣ
Ǵʵ˵ҲλóĶˣ˴˼Щ࣬ǾͲˡ
ǰȺǹ硣
˵֪Σ
ԲʲôֻܴӦܾܾѡ
Ϊǿվ˭ûвʸ
Ҳֻѯʰˣ۹ӶĻشܡ
诣ܲ鷳ǰҰ£
һ˵һ߽ԱǺ˻
ȻʾԼʹԱҪһЩоƬֲȫϢɼ
ȻͬʾСһ׮
һ¡
룬 ǰ׶֮ǰһҪʱ䣬ǹ᲻ɣ
Ȼ
΢ЦΪеģȻʱΪ
е⣬ǺðɣǰҲһˣң㹻顣
说յС˵˼仰
ߵıʮֵҾͿ£û⡣
ֿһۣҲǺҵļҵˣ
Ц
Ҳԡ
Լ˵ˣռЩ£ǲ׾١
ԡ
̧ͷǰڵĴ󽢣ҲҪٳǵĴˡ
̯֣ллǵĺ⡣
ԼĴԱǻˡ
׼ɡ

ǡ
ǳຣϵһŲ۵Сǣӵǧ
гʮ֮һ˿ڣԸУѧͽְԱ
ѧɢڸбԵģаඥУķУ
ƩϹѧ
ѧУУҪôλ׶ǣҪôλ׶ǵϡ
ұУԴḻյҲޣ˴󲿷˶ֻڷУͶ
ʱ˿̣ѧķУУڡ
һ򼸺״ѧ¥˴͸ݺύϽǽĻƵƻԡ
У԰ڼžҹɫ֮Уżз䡣
С˻ͿջſݰͺС
ϵķףǧӽڣķڣ˶׼ؼˡ
ڻĵ¥һڸ꼶ոտʼ
Ӱɼװѧǡ
ЩŮһ˵
һҵĿ⡣
ռϯò¡̸²ףϵ·ҲǶơ
ѧ֪ǵݡǹ壬Զմ״ʵܺ͹³Ϲϵ
ȻҲ⡣
иڷ۵Ůڼͬѧм䣬ֵòһĶŵӡ
ԣƾʲôǻһ𣿡
Զ˵
ƾļ߰ɡ
һ˵˵
ѧУļҲֹһ
֮ǰǲȥһ˱У𣬵ʱȺ˻ϻˡ
Ʋ˵Ϊܵܡ
ˣܵô£
˵ǵʲôˣһֱûѹ
ǲ豵Ϊǻԣ²ŵʲôܵЧ
û˵
ںԼλԵļͬѧ졣
ȵѧͿתУȥ˰ɣ񡣡
Ц˵
ҡҡͷ˵ء
ѽǫ꼶ѧֳλԼļߵģҲʣһˣ
һļ򣬡ԭƶڵʱ㻹о֣ǰҵˡ
΢΢ü¶ɫҲ֪ɭôˡ
Ҷ֪ɭƶҲ꼶ѧ֮һƽƽĸֻͨĹ˾ְԱ
Ϊļߵʱ
ǰɭڣΨһһ¼ȡ˭ͷϣԤϵ¡
Ȼʮֲҵǣϸ£ɭĸĸ̽ݵ;УǵϮסԺҪһƷá
ɭѺǼҵķӣǰҵȻȥˡ
޳
Щѧ
ԭȻв˾תУĳɼͱ£˵׶仧
Ǹƽ񡣡
ƲϴҵܵȥᣬͰڳһ̬˵ʲôҪȥʵϰ
Ҳûѣ𡣡
ȰҾãĸҲСˣҲҲҽھܾæ׬ǮٲμЩҲ졣
ȷʵҵڶûŪʲôҴţС
˼䣬˺öˣҲļߣҲûһ̬ǰġ
Ц˼ӣҡҡͷô˵ҲԼѴңЩɡ
Ȼ䣬ԶŴ򿪡
һ߽󻹸װ˻
Ϊ׵ĵ˵ԣԱʾ֤˫̵ص˼䡣
ؾܲ
ۼѧͶϢʲô
δ䣬һȺ˻Ŵͣϯ
ʮȺ׼⽻£Ȼһ˵ϡ

Цݽϡ
̧ͷ˷Ǻô۵ߣһȫԼϡ
񡣡
һ̽ǰʾ֤ıɱݡƶͽסƶҪ
ΧʱһƬȻ


95 

ɫ˼, ˵ʲô˭
ƶ񣿡
ѧҲڵۡ
ǲ֪˭ȻϤȴֻ뵽һˡ
ɭ
˺Ͱɭйϵ
̽ޱػ֡
ʱһԽ̳ʮ̽, עҩ
ͨˣʱ̱ˡ
ȻļߣԪ࣬˼ûʲôӰ졣
Ļ, ʱԻٵ
Ȼûô
, Ҫ;ֵ˴, ±Ȼˡ
ڸʲô
װ򶨵صҸû˵ˣû˵¡
Щʦȥ˵
̽˵, ֤ȷ, ֱ֮ͥǰ, ʱ䶼Ҫھּȹˡ
ʲô
ڿƲסϵı顣
Ҫģҡ
ԼڵϹѧУ֪ͨ
ֻҪһּ, һоͶٵˣУǱ߾Բ۵ѧ
ʤߣܱͥҲʮ֮ˡ
¼ȡڽҹ
ʲô
ٴһƬ˽, ɨ
ǵаŪ, ǳ˲εֻ
ֻհ, ˫Ѿ΢΢Ť, ԼԼɫ

˵, ǲܾңҵıĸεĺӾ, ҵıĸǡ
ˡ
̽ͷش, оЩԶߴð˴ʲôˡ
һЦ
пɲֹһ, С㡣
̽ƤЦⲻЦ˵񣬡ıͬѧҲֹһϣｫǵȫ˵𣿡
ЦһҲ֪һʲôͬѧ
ȷʵûֻζ㲻óλⲻ˵ġ
㣿
ŭɶؿȻ͵תԱߵͬѧס˶Է֡
ȣУĹùúֶھ֡

ѧһ£¶һЦݡ
ûϵģ㱣֤Ǿԩˡ
һ˵һ߳Լ֡
ˡ
һ˲䣬ΧĹѧǣ㿪ߡ
ǵĸĸоλȻҲʲôԼҳ»ܰһ
Ҳǰв
û˭ֱֵֹ˰¡
ο˼Ҷ˵֤ȷ䣬ðȻˡ
ڣΣⲻҪȥһˣ仰˵ҲҪ뱾У¼ȡ֪ͨʧ֮ˡ
ο
ƶǰɭĸĸ𣿡
˵ôôɣɭĸĸǡǡʱ£Ҳֻܱҵȥ
ЦһԭĹɣ֣Ӹ϶ž󻼣
֪֪治֪ģ
ƽʱڳһ˵û뵽÷Ķ
ǵԽԽǻѹֱӴ˳
ЩͳЦ⵶УԺﲻϷϵǡ
޲ýȫɱˣ
Ȼֱ˿̣ҲףΪʲôؾܲ鵽ƶ¡
Щ˹Чʵ¿ǳģ
ƶδɥڱ߾ǵϮ
̫ˣ֤־ٱȥȺзļһרŵ飡
ǡ
ɫѿ񡣡
ſִһ̶ĳЦ
ؿſڡ
иĿĺڷ˿ǽϡ
˱ֱͷҪǸҵ
񿴲Էĳࡣ
Ȼεͷѻڵ΢΢ɳЩ졣
㣿
񲻿ŵ˵㡪
źߣҰ
˵һ̧Ŀ¶һ˫峺۾лλεļЦ
ǵĹҳԸҾͰŵˣʲô¡
ʵ֪ý㻹ıɱͬѧĸ
ֻǴӳ֪һЩ¡
֮ǰŶҪˡ
û뵽һ̫ˣʳ¯ķ
ԼҲˮʯ
Ͼ׶֮ĵطִŵİ참Чʮޣ߲㻹и̰۸ܡ
Ȼûɾҩĳ̶ȣָȥЩ£ǲܵġ
Ʃ˵ǿƶ£ϵǵϮǷڵĿʹ
һһǵӰ
Ͼڷʼߵı߾Ƶ¼췢˭뵽Щǵǡɾأ
ͬѧɭƶ񲢲ϤʵϣߵҲ졣
诺Ͼ˵㲻֪Ҳ޴Ӵɭ㲻ðȻ֡ŶҲ˵ҪҾָɱ֮ģϾҲ򲻵ʲôرĸ֣𣿡
ض
ﰲš
Ҷʶ诣ոҲ²˭Ͼװ粢ִŵĹԱ
ڣ˶˵
ֻ̯֣ػֻ֣Ҫðɭ˳̨Ŀľʹﵽˡ
˰ɭǿĸĸͳ˲ⶾֵĶ
ߡ
Цһһж롣
ðɣͼƭԼǲΪ֤ݲŰץġ
ЦЦ˵
񱻿ס˫͵ֱ߬𣬡㡪
ŶˣϵȺǵֵĳԱ԰ɣ
ٴηųһըס
Ϊϵλãϵ߾ǵԾ˱ס˸ϤǵҲǡ
ڸִССǵŻУָǳ˲֪
Ϊʲôʶţ
룬Ŷԣ㸸Ϊ˵õ󲮵ĲƲϧǵɱĴ󲮣һֱЩ˵ϵʽҲЩǺǵĺҲֹһΰɣ
⵹ġ
ճҲַʽֻ֣ϧˣҲٱһ̡
㡪
΢ȻѾټޡ
Ƕһˡ
̾˿ǵõһжǴӱ͵ߵġ
ѿɫһѻ𣬡ְҲ͵һЩôţ෴
ʱĿѣ˵ʲô
Ѵĸ֪׺诵Щ֮Ȼ诵ĳЩơ
ǰʱ丸뿪ܶǣ֪
ճƽʱҲǶһطΪ̸ʶ¿ͻҲżһʱ䡣
˼ʹȥʲôҲû룬ԼҲҪæ
Ȼ诵Ļһʱ˶Է˼
㣬㡪
ҧҧȻ¶һŤ΢Ц诣ãǶһˣСڻǳֱյǾô¡
⽫⻰˵úҲԷڰǵӶ
ȻԲһЩ顣
ȻٴһƬ
诡
뿴Է߳ŭƷӡ
ϧǣһжûз
Ҫ㡣
诽ͶֱͣӾһô˵״̬ȻԱߵľ
ҵĻ˵ˣллˣϣûǵĹ
ҡҡͷϿϷ飬ף˴ߡ

Աߵľ֣̽Ȼʶ²Ծĵط
ΪʲôǹϵôãǶеƴӵӣ
Ҫ֪Щйݵͬѧδôӡ
˼ӣ诸ո˵Ļ

˵Է
ոֻǸЦϸ룬ѵģ
ãȻرһ·ߵſʱȻںԱĳԱ˵
ѧУ͸øǸƶ˰ɡ
˵ȻѾҵˣҿԽһǮ»ѧѧ˵İɣ
Ҳǽŵˣ¡
Աε˵ûҾҪͿƶСȷһ¡
Ҳǡ
ʼ磬תȥ
ԱǸԱһȥ̬ȻΪ
ȥıӰһҷ·Ҳѿ
ױɱˣһ֤ȷ䣬Ȼⲻ֮֡
ıɱ
Ϊȷʵûֱɱƶĸĸ
ˣƶҲΪ֧޶ҽƷȥȥ
ֻǱְ״̬ܰסǵŮ
ȻҽԺˮƽˣֻһʱ䣬ܻܲȫƾ
Ҳıɱֻ˵ϵֵǵЩͨﷸһͲһˡ
ܽɴʵķ̣Ѿˣ»Ὣɷݷɴͳͳߡ
ȻĸҲһҹ˾Ĺɷݲһʲֻǰʱ伸øɸɾ
οˣԼˣ׵ЩˣǲŹˡ
һж˻ˣ

ʱѾߵʮ׿⣬Ȼһ죬Ȼ̮춯
ﴫк͵
عͷ
ֵϤɳȥԭڵĵطʮƵٰ
Щ׳ɫͣ䶯ţϡ¶Ť״ԼΪŭ޶ޱס
ȥ
צÿһѳʮķ֧ĩ̡
һ̣ΧľԱȫˡ
ϵķɣܲǿԱеġ
Ȼĵҩϣѵľм֭Һ裬˿ȴѸٱԭ
Ԫػ
𾪵غ
弶ߣ
ѧǸߣȻ仰
ʲô

ţǾͿ𾪵һĻ
ոǸſ˵ˣվԭһ
ʮپɵĺӿȥۼžҪ˺Ƭ
ԭȱײڼ̮ʱڵϣȴڸǲסļС
Ϊʲôȥ
ֻҪһ죬ӵеһоͺǼٵģʾңһжҰִճ͵ģ
˵Ӱױ̵ٺû
ΪǾʵ
һ룬Щ޴ѸٸɱήȻ͵رѳƬ
׷мҽƮ䡣
۵ĺۼȻָȥ
诿ǰصʬ塣
óȥɱԼǶ೤ʱǰţ
ˡ
ˡ
ǸжɱˣҲһֻ


96 
ֳһƬš
ֵ˼Żع, Ѿη;֡
ѧǸĿɿڴ
ǶûӶĳлع
û뵽ʵû뵽弶Ǹ߲һغϡ
ʲô֣
˵
ո˵Ҫ
һ˼ѵ˿һΪǺ, ڿ²ģ
ġ㿴ԱǸˣҾúǡ
˿վȺ顣
ݲֱܾƬڵȻŲʱϵ, ȻǾϤ
ҿ, 𣿡
ļٵģ
ôģ
Щ˶ԸղŵսȤ
ԴҲ֪ɱԪػߡ
˵
˵Լ˵, һǺħ, ֮ǰ˵
Ŷ, Ҳ˵, ˵ħˡ
ֵ･𣬺ֹܿƽ
Ϊһֱվնܹ졣
ǻڴ, ĴŴ̬ͷ㡣
ڣ˶Щͷ
ֻϣȻǶɱˡ
ϾĻûס
, 课վ, Ȼ֮ڡ
µԶ, ûٿ࿴һۡ
ıӰʧ, 澯ǵĽŲҲԶȥ, ߴը˹
˵Ķܿ죬ǰĺۼɨøɸɾ, Ȼ˭޷ǸղǾ˵һĻ
ǵ˭
Ĳ, еζ
װģ˵ʲôв, Ǻ͡
ͣͣû˵ȥ
ֿѾ̳²ۡ

ԣҲѶסˣ
һһ˵
һǰӶչֵʵ⣬УᾡѹȥģϾǳš
ǵϵʽӦҲǴõİɡ
ǳݽ鱨ͱĳݣյǸ֪ͨ
Ϊʲôԭ򡪡ȻΪ豣Ůʯ
£Ѿˡ
ոȻѾˣȻԪػƿػ衣
ûãһϢѾץˣΪǵﹺʯ
Ϊ׶ֻͨһͿʮˡ
δܰȵȥ
ϾճĳҲ٣Ϊ˲ɱ˲ֹһҳҲֹһΰ

˵»Բ
ʵûǵİԼҲԽϾɱЩ˸Ѷȡ
´Żиô
λɭƶС㣬Ҹո˵š
룬Ȼ⻰Ϊ˼ŭҵý㣬Ȼ˵ˣǾ벻ѧɡ
˵
Ҳϣֱϵ˰ɭҽǰһи
ȻԱת˰ɭĻʾҪˡ
诲⣬԰
ҹһҾƵ˷糾͸İɭ
ʮò诵л
Ѿ֪µࡣ
ɭ̾˿
ӺܸߣһͷǳľƤܰףзĵɫۣʾ˵Ѫͳ
ڴһɫԱƷϻ̱꣬ƺһԴ˾
ԲǸлģҲǸлɱҵĳˡ
ɭҧ˵ҸĸڻԣֻǱʦ
Ȼǵµ֣Ȼʼٸߡ
¾Ϊ˱뿪ѧУ뵽һ㣬ɭ̲ס
ܾҺǡ
ЩƵ˵
Ϊʲôô룿ûʲô
ҡҡͷܲܺԼûй⿼ңٵһЩѧְɣ˭֪°
ɭƯһ£˼΢
ʵϡ
ɭ̾ϢȷʵƵĴԡ
϶ĸߵȹԺУУϾ´ѧĿռߡ
Ϲѧֵı棬Ͼ´ѧ
ĳ̶ֳϣ⵼ǵѧдӵ塣
ΪϵĽϵͳֻ˽ԺУСѧѧṩܵĿѵγ̡
ͨĹԺУûЩĿֻͨܶˡ
ˣֻЩͥ׵ˣȥܡ
Щûܵˡ
ǼǮ鱨ǻнӴʯĻᣬͨ˾ֻײˡ
ȻҲųһЩ츳ߣʹƽƽҲԺЩСүһϸ¡
ʤǡ
һֱУҲֹһǡ
ǽһͬѧݼѧܡ
ɭЦһž˵ЩûҲûǮˣҪȥЩѧĿʲôΨһҪҲ˼˼øǡ
ѾŲµҪ˵ʲôˡ
ȻǳԹģ˵û֤ݣ֤ݣҲռˡ
ɭ˱ۣ֪żĪˣڱʤıˡ
Ȼ˰ġ
Ȼû˳ľ
˼ؿ
ֻǾã£ҲС
ɭЩ˵ֻû뵽ûңǶҵļ֣Ǹ˻ų򣬶ĵġ
˼ŵĴʻ㣬Ȼ̲ס໰
š
读عȻ⣬һǶ˵㲻ɱɣ
ɭֹ֣ͣɻؿ
诣г˵Ļ᣿
ɭ
ЩҲҲгɡ
ţǰȥɱңͷҵġ
һ˵ȻҲ˵ҲѣϾȷʵܼɵ㡣
ɭֻǲҵ
գգۣͲˣ
Իڵҡ
ɭޱ˵
ۡ
诸˸ĴָҲʶԷʲôҿҽԺ㸸ĸƷ𣿡
ҾҪ˵¡
ɭҡҡͷҷǳлĺ⣬Ŀǰ˵
ĸĸܵĳܵ䣬Ѱˣͨͨҽֶûȫָ
ڻҽԺΪ
޷תڻ񻯡

ɭ˵˵ʾԼ뿪
Ȼ̾˿ңУѾҷʼˣУԸ⽫ңҾܾĻҲһǮΪ⳥
˵ڡ
ȻΪѧУûʲôϵȻֳع⣬⽫ѧУϵ
ԲҪƷˣлл
ɭٴлֻЩȻѾûа취ˣϾЩ˶޷ء

Ҳû뵽ô鷳ĸϵֵǵ֪˭𣬾Ƕ㸸ĸʹܵǸˣ
ɭãȻҡͷ
ǵϮ¼Ǿܼʱҽ˴ͺ׷ֵ
ֵ֪ˣҲΪսϵɫˡ
µȡʹļƵͨҲֻĵһȺĿӰ
Ҳ˵ֵ˱ȽϸߵЩͷĿδػס
ȷʵ˹˾ὫƵʹܺȥҪҲûá
ðɡ
죬ջѾӿߵĻ
ʶ뵽ǣԼҲһַЩƵ㵽֡
ȻЩûǺϺɵġ
Լ뷨λ̫ˡ
Ȼ˵Ҫȥ˾Ҫء
ĵˣƿǵ߲ҴǵԴ
ÿ˵ľͬ
ЩˣҲԼҲԼķʽ
ֻ롣
诳һ
ҽԺ֮⣬ҲҵЩƾաƳ֮
诣߰Ǹܵɱ
ͨһݵķ
ȻҲҪ
Щ˼ʹˣܵӰȴȻڡ
诣һﲻһˣһϵͨԼбСӳ𣬺ָܿӹ١
ܹĸų죬ǰǵͣӦûôС
诣ʯҲﻹкܶǮܸļ۸ָӹδؿϣ뻹ǶӳȻֻһƲ⡣
ɭŬĻ
óλոձҵѧԣӴⷽ顣
֪ˡ
Σɭ˵ͷȥһ顣
ɭִܾҲͲټ߽Ǯ
뿪Ƶʱ𷢹ﻹЦһ䣬Ϊȥ׶ǵıУѲĺӵܻǹͬѧ
诣ԣСһܻϸ鷳
ɭһ㶡
˶š
诣
ļٵģ
Ǹʺɱ˵ˣ
˵DNAֶˡ
Ҳȱˣӹ︴ƵĿռûء
请һ磬ȥҽԺһ¿ƶ
Ƕֻ֢ǲͬһļˣ˺Ļеķ
άУϲʮӣȻظϵ˻ڲá
ʦᶨڹʹ
ɭ˵ҲֻάǵЩƲӵȫķΧ
诸ŲĲǽ￴
˶άڻԲѡ
ûڸӦԪܣҲֱħ۾뿴ϲܡ
ӽı֮ľٴα仯
ҽԺȻûս˿ҲûЩߵġܺۼĹ˿
Ȼؿ˾㤵һĻ
ά˵ŻɵĹζߣһظתһ̾ڴȲλ
ŻŤ仯
ʱֻȭͷߴ硣
չʱжʮֵĳȣ·ＳѪĶ棬ܿȽš
课Ϳضȥ
ҽԺ˵û
ܲͨ˵뿪ͷǵߵ֮Ӧûʧȥ
Ҳ˵
˵Ѫⲹ˵ͻһֱ˺
ȻҽԺˮƽޣߵǰ£е
诣ҵ𣿡


97 
ɭ΢΢ҡͷ, Ҳ⣬ҲܸˣҲ𣿡
Ȼ˵αɱ, ǸĹԱתǰ˺ҲֻһС
գۼɱ˼Ԫߣ, ôưɣ
Ӧͬʱӵжˡ
ƮƮȻɵ, Ŵάˡ
ģʽ, ҲǷʵ״̬˱е˲, ֻܵӰ졣
жɹ¡

һ, ϶һ䶯ĹŰĻɫ, ״һĳӣ滹һ㱡
žһʹġ
·ʮϸϸܵĴƤɫӲŤ, Ҫһ㡣
ΧѪʱʼá
˿ͦۡ
ɭʧɫ
ĸʱʲôҽе, ûĳ
诲֪ͨʲôʽץ˳, ֳڵģ
ӵ
ɭλ, ɴŵش󺰳
Ӹң

ֱħֲ
Ѹٱ鲼Ƥ, ԭѾƵĻɫ, ֱӱжֻʣ°ء
˳ץס, , Ȼ˼һ, ɴֱ˳ȥ
һ룬иֳһɫ塣
аҵĳߣ֧ŵУΧ˿˿ĺ
ţѳٸСС飬ЩɢڿԴ
Ǹֻʣ°صĻɫӣЩ˲䣬һɳĪ뵽λá
е͵ں£ۼ±塣
ٴɢʱ򣬻ɫѾʧӰ١
̶û

ɭʲô
诣ԣһԴ˾
ͬ˵
ðɡ
ɭ׼ȻشԷˣĨȥϵĺˮΪǴкϡ
诣öֹ԰ɣ
ɭ˿ԣ˲֪˾ֻΪҵţö
诣ʵҲԡ
ɭʼ硣

û֣ȷʵǸǵѡ
诣ոħƾԼܻħˣͿԴ϶ȡ
ȻԽ˽ôͻ
ɭΪһѧԣⷽҲǿ̾ȫˡ
֪ˡ
ȻЩмؿһۣллҡ
編Ƶؽһֻ˳
ʵ߿ۻûʲô
ֻҪСóXXﲻǲ֡ԸȻηС
ʧܵĴۿİٷ֮ʮɹʰٷ֮ʮ
һβоһΡ
ʱҲҪս
ˡ
ٴνҳӶ˳ȥ
ȻֹĦ˺ɫɻҳӡ
ȻҲһ˲䣬Ķͻҷʧøɸɾûдڹ
诣
Ͱɭһۡ
תͷǽϵķ壬ֵ˼£õߺǮû⡣
ȻڻУΪϵδԭ
ȻѾԴͷߣǵͲټ񻯡
ڸոյĽźȥ֮󣬰ɭҴĳֻ㱵״̬޷ɵؽˡ
ҲʹһСܿͻظ
ʱʦҽѾ˲һ߿άʾļʱݣһͶ𾪵Ŀ⡣
Ƕֲϵı仯
ߡ
֡
ƵϳǵĵС
Ѿˣá
һҽݰ˵ʵϣ˲̫о֮⣬ǼѾǽ״̬ˡ
¡
ɭ죬ƺ˵ʲôлĻ־̫ˡ
򲡷ָָȥɡ
ɭһۣתͷ߽˲
ά˫˫򿪣ҡҡλε˳͸ĸһƺˡ
ûȥǵĶԻֻǺҽġ
诣Ҳרҵʿոġţк֢𡣡
ȻҽԺﱾһĪչֻһֱתʲô˻ֻܼȥ
ҲôԼΪ
һ֪˰ɭ
һЩӰ졣
иҽ˵
Ѿ֪˺ҿ϶ǼΪߣҲ˵Щ黰
ڵǵĹᱻɵһ֣ÿ
仰˵ǹ޲
ڵҽƼмͨԼ޽Ӹ֫ԼȻ˹ϳ䵱ȵȻָж
ַӱ˵ڲͬȺ
Щ۸ͲϣȷʵһЩ⣬Ҳӵ
˵ˣͨ˵ҪԤԼһϵ̣ټ󿵸ȵȣ֮Ҫʱ䡣
ѾǺܺõĽˡ
ɭӲ߳ǵ̸Ҳ֪лˣ¡
诣ûϵҲΪлҡ
Ҫȡ꣬ɭ㹻ˡ
ҡ
诣ܺ㸸ĸţҸĸǱֵǵɱġ
ɭֻΪ׷֣Ȼ
ոĲ˾״̬ǺܺãҲʡ
ֻǻһ£Щǵû˵ߵ
ڤ˼һ
ʱڴϰصţǵǾɵ˵Ҳûô˼ǡ
ǣֵһͷĿ߻Χ⼸£ͷ󣬲˵¡
С
ɭĸ˵ᵽ¡
Ҳֵָӹ֮һ͡
Ȼף˺ߣ𣿡
һ
ɭĸײ̫ȷ˵ᵽܿոȥ˹Ӧط
ȻգЩǵǱʲôҲˡ
ǲԼЩϢмֵ
ȴһ¡
ֵĳԱ࣬ȻΪܿգܱΪµģҲֻһ
ͣԪߣΪߵָӹ١
ɱԼѪԵϵϵĸĸˡ
⵹Ҳ
ʮǰճܾܿʶܿգ񣬳ϵֵǵҪôǽܿձˣҪô¡
߼˵ȫͨ
ϾڲҲԳϵָͬӹٴŶԾڲͬ򣬳ǾųǱ˴˼Ҳδϵ
֪ˡ
诸һˣͰɭϵʽҴҵϰ׸ţ̷һĴ
ôˣװģ
ĳ鱨
诣ԲǴϷˣȵǸ
ûϵڿǴˣܱҵҡ
˵ԣʲô£
诣ϱ߾ии˹ɣʲô𣿡
һ¡
˲ӡ
Сʱ֮и᣿
š
诣ʲô
ֵ̣ľսнڹϡ
诣صɣ֪˭Ĵ𣿡

ֵ˻Ǹħ𣿻ΪǳĻ
ԭȵļƻѾɣѾˣ
Ҫȥһ˸˹
诽϶ŵѡĿĵء
ͬʱԱߵĴԱǱ˸ơ
ֵ̹صֱߵĹԴڣ׷׾λ
诸鷢˸ϢǸ˵ڹµ룬ԼҪܸԼˡ
ܿҲ˻ظʾûϵҪʱϵ
诱ΪԷٱ㲻û뵽ôƽ˾ˡ
ַϢѯܶǱ߽չΡȻץ˳ݣӦҲõĹԣԭɾĺǵ׵Ϣ
ûȷǸǵأ
ܿظûУݱ˶֪Ǹǵʲô⻹ͨѶĽ
⡣
˵Ѿˣܷ˹ŹӶɱǷĶճϡ
ճﱾˣҲˣɲֻʣܳΪ
ðɡ
诹ҵкԼĴԱǣ̰ɡ

һߣҲææػظϢ
ĹԱһЩ˵УǱ͵ġ
Щ˵˼Ҳȥ鿴Щʲô
ȵһн׶Ǳ߻㱨ϣ鿴ճյ壬Щƣ̾˿
õ
Һܺá
˵λ诸£Ҽƽ׽˵ĸ֣һμʱҶñȥ׼ˡ
ãô𣿡
̾˿㲻֪ǵĸ֣ĻƻУ򡣡
ԼǹԱ֮ҲͰˣЩӶǵ֮Ǽˣ˼ɡ
ԣûܹǣɱǵڲ࣬˸˿ĵ
Ҳš
ҵǾˣӦá
诵УǸԭˡ
ãΪҪ˵Ǹˡ
˻˵Ķ̫ͳ
ҡҡͷϼ棬ɲҪΪ˼ҵĳƽƽ
ҵ죬ǵĴУұ仹СŰҹ˼ָ̻ء
̾Ϣҳʲôµġ
꣡
ʧɫУ˵Щʲô˻
̫Сˣ㡣
ֲǱˣҶݣЩ˭֪
ǡ
۵طҲ֪˵ЩʲôҺȷЩû֪㲻Ҫ˵
ѽҲͺ˵һ˵

˹
˹һźҰСǣǹٽפ֮һ˹ϻĿռվǡ
Ϻ߾ǰڳͻش
ڻѾɸַŻĴӪ
׸ŵִعʱ͸ϴĴȺബ϶лձꡣ
ǵ֡
诵һʱѰɫ꣬һʱҲûֱ׼ˡ
ȻǻεģԶЩһֻڵҲ֪Ǳͣʲô
ܲܿŴιһܣ̫ˡ
ȻԼΪĿ꣬Ǽˣڽħ״̬Ӿ߽⡣
ԷǱͬȼĸ֣ҪðʧȥʧȥԼԱķˡ
ʱ͵һɡ
Ѱĳ𣬴
½Щʵ

诲ÿɷ񣬡ȫǡ֮ȥɡ
ǰ˹·ϣյ˰ɭϢǱлȻ˵ԼĸѾ׻ָˡ
ɭʾͨҽԺĸ飬ԼϢ죬˵ȥϰࡣ
请˸ף
˼䣬ɭȻת˸ӡ
诺ôڰǵթƭϢģû̵ȥ
˿ַǰ׺ϹѧУ
诱ԼɻΪͨ˵վҪ׼ɣעն˻˺š
ɭʾˣֱӿܼʱˢ£ֻǲܷظѡ
诵㿪ӣǸ̳ӣҷģ
ⲻЩɵǿһ򱶣Ԫػͱˣĸǰ߲һС
¥ǰҹªţΪ弶ͺǿˣ֪ʲôɱˣ´αУЩٴʲô弶ʲôԪػڲҾǵ˵˵ȥֻûĸְˡ
[ɱ.rmvb]
1L
2LƵú
3LʲôӵӰٳƬ
10L3LϹɣʲôط𣿻ĵûȥ
11L˭ǣӸƵܣ¥أ
12L̫ǿ˰ɣƵ𣿣
13LҿѾ˰˰ٴˣʲôɣ
25LԲԪػôܵģǸô£ѧУ𣿾ְǣ¥Ͻȥֽ̼У
26LģҲ̫˰ɣñ˴
¥ظ25Lļû˰ɣ˼ҹƿϡ
¥ظ26LȻһûˡ
34Lֻһ˲֪ʲôԪػȻҴܴϲµ˼ҵڶ֪弶ߵı׼ʲôԪԪػأ
35L¥ϲһˣҲһֱ֪ʦֻ˵ļûǸʲô
36L¥ʦ˵ҲûⰡ
51L¥ʲôҺһǧǮӻСʱǰᵽĳĺܼ˭ͬѧ˭֪ܸܵģϣƵλ˭ҿ԰ѱǵĵ͸ֻҪԸҵѧ
89Lظ51LҲõó֣Ҫָңһ¥
99Lҿɽһٶ¥û⡣
¥ɢ˰ɴң˼ǿɽյģΪϡǵķӵƤأ
189LɽգĴ԰ɣҿȫͺŷɴάʮε֡
190LԲ¥ôֶ
195Lظ190Lʯʮ䰡һܶһǧھͣȥֳƤ㹻˵õ¶ȡ˹ͨǩ
202LҿһٶֺԴʹμȼֻͣҪܽ̽ңֻҪǸ̵úQAQ
230L¥ô£ʦŸ᣿
231LЦӲ¥ˡ
250Lظ202LѾж㣬ֻҪɱù죬˾Ͳ̵
诣


98 
ͬʱ, ˹һࡣ
һҾսнУԶԶȥͬһƯǺеĳС
ͷһƽ̨, ͣټɵսػԼʮСͻ𽢡
սнԱߣͣСһѲ󽢡
Ǹװģ飬κһҶ޷ͨ߼, һΪЯ̫Υػв
, Ǵſҫ۵ɫ, İѷĽУʾݡ
Զȥͨ顣
෴
ֻȥռվ÷顣
, ȫˣ
սнϲװָڡ
иվϴԱ, ͶӰ̨ʾƬ, Цһ
Ӳߣɫɵر黨费䣬һ޺, źЩۡ
Ȼָڼû˸̧ͷ
Ǽĸֵľų֮һߡ÷ʷһ
ȻЩԻ͵ս, Լ̱Ը, ûκ˭С
Ҿȥ˼¡
ЩЦ˵, ȻȴûаЦ, ɪǾͱйɱˡ
Ա˭̾˿
¡
иɫ̷Ů˳ڵ, ֪ɪǺϵã̫ҪǸħ, ˵˿¡, Խš
, ܿգ㲻
÷ݴǿ¡ҲãҲã˭֪£ǻɱ
Һܶ˵ʲô¡
ܿüɪǵŮ˺ܶ꣬ýڴ
÷ЦһŶװ˵𣿡
¡
һͷ˲廰ҾýûҪǣйٵϼ˭Ҳֻǽӵ
ͣͣǿ˿¡壬ֻһʾ棬Ҫǿ¡Ϊǵͬںͽԡ
û
ܿյͷйٵ˵һ㣬࣬ϢɱɪǣҲʲô¡
ƫƫѡʵ廯ŪôĶֱиߺš
ζʲô
ʹ˲֪ŵĴڣźйٵĹϵӦ֪Ҳ֪ˡ
ܿգζǹġ˵ӵ
÷ɫ̫ÿȻҲǵ˼
ûϵ
ֵľų˵ŵ֪λÿ꣬߸ʹͽûһ룬ʣµĶûұ¶ݣ˹ͨƼҶڶǡ
ŵв̫ˡ
ܿλϣ˹ͨŬŽƿУ̫֮ʹܹȫħȻྭӪһжһϦ串ƼҲһ
ԽλȨصͳߣԽԸϵš
ǴƣҲиԿһ
ʹͽΪʲô¶ݡҵǾöЩ˶ԣûʲôҡģֻΪбļƻ
÷ݳĬһ
ôۣȻеĹؽڣܿҲڲ
ǲš
ҡ
ܿղĵ˵ǲµѪҺ˵ʹߵλѾȫһ롣
սʱҲģΪǵĸ߲㶼ԪʹߣȻںħ˵ս
ָ˶ݵļž
Щʹ߲Ǿǰǣ󲿷˶ݲ𼸺¶ʹͽЩ˵ĻƵ
ÿǳ֣ŵĵɾ޴ʧвŷе
ôġ
÷Щ˵µĸֶ絽һ𣿡
£ûһ⡣
ܿü˵ЩδǱ£ģŻʲô취ɸѡ츳ˣȻٽּǿߣ
ðɡ
÷Цһ˼ˣ˵ǲǣ𡣡
ܿû˵
÷ݼ״ҡҡͷðɣ֪⼸ȥʲôط𣿡
ָӹĪؿ
ǱΪ˵ȥʲôʮƫԶδ̽򣬱չȥˡ
ȥʥ򡣡
÷ݱֱۣû֮ԪΧǽѾ˺ѳ϶ʥ˲ֹһħˡ
ָӹ𾪵ؿ
Ƕǵʵħ˵ĽӴʮޣЩûħˡ
иħ룬Ҿܾˡ
÷ݿƽ˵ɱңȻһƿռϲĵطս
Ϊʱֻ˼СʱɱȻѾǼ֮ˡ
¡
˵ʵʲô
Ǻ
÷һ൱еĶ֡
ָӹ
ȻϣǲڴΪҿɱ̫֣֮ߴɡ˹ͨˡ
÷̾˿ֻһЩıƣڶ
ԱָӹٵĲܿԵʮ侲ǿʲôô
ԪܡױħˣЩɡ
÷Ȥȱȱ˵ȻҵĶԶԶ⣬Ҳû״ݻ
ָӹǶû˵
ɱĿ޷ͣÿ˶Լ޾⡣
Ҳûȥ硣
ҵѡΣսѾʼˡ

ͬʱǧڹ֮ңԶ
ϹϣͱɵĻϣƮɢŴССķɴĲкԼռվǽ顣
Ƕǰսµĺۼ
ӵ˿ڣʥľóĻ֮һҲ˾֮һΪزϼ
ٻԻ͵ĳУĿꡣ
ĳҵһƬǰܵĽֵϷռٿȻŤ
һӰ

ڷ۵Ϣ¥
߻ܡ
Ħ¥𡢵µ̮ĴѻűյֻʣǼܵؾ߲к
ЩսʱĻءtԼַʩ񶼱˷棬Ƶ˿ϲŰ߰ߺۼ

ʲô
֮ǰǸħҪ
Ȼȵǽ֣ͷʵԶѷ
ʱ¶˼ı飬һǳ׵¡
Ȼˡ
ȻҲɹռߣ˿Ԫ˲ƴ͡
ϧҲǴ˵֣ûʲô׷
Ȼܵʧ֮һ߶һߺҪȺŹ
ڣҲʦͨνǸƬռ䣬ҸɷһƱħˡ
Ψһͷʹǣʧ֮ʱǺģֻҪƶܳʱ򣬾ͲǽȥǸˡ
Եһ˽֮Ѿ˲֪೤ʱ䡣
ĪĹطĩӰӡ
˵ĩ
ԤС
÷ųֻƾܲǧ֮ĵطһҵĶսڽС
ڷӰʧԭء
ڼ֮Ĺ㳡ϡ
Χ̳ǽԼ򵹻ľĻ˸ֽͲƬһһ۵Ĺ⡣
㳡ʮ˵ࡣ
һȺħ˵Χ£սˡ
Щȫ弶ߣȻħǰʹԪػҲᱻˣοЩҲԪ
ǵΨһһܹƵģѾΪȫԹȥʣµֻƾս
Щװ󣬴ӹԵʽģֻЩܹﶼտҲȻĹֵò䡣
Ȼ˵Щʵħʱ֮⣬ûʲôõĶˡ
ͽֱǻԺ俪ħ˼᲻ɴݵƬ
˫˼ӣԼͬʼˡ
Щħ˵Ƭɫ죬Ͻ¶ѪⷭȻҲǱ˵
ҲһԪܣȻŸƣҲЩúܶࡣ
߲ϺˣһħǵͺתѸʧضϱڲԫ¥䡣
㳡ϵǷ׷˿ҩҩԶĳԶֱӵڵ˯ˣ֮취ָ״̬
ǿȥҲ״˾ռߡ
õԶͨѶ𣿡
Ȼ䣬Աߴһ
ʲôˣ
˯ŵ˷׷׾ѡ
ѵ˸𾪣ŵؿԴء
㳡Ȼһ磬ĹƱû졣
ڷվһߣµ½Ȼţڵѥ׶ûаѪȫûսһ
İҲû˿̺ۣ˫¶۾ֳͬѹȸС


ǶǶĿĸ߼ߣƫƫû֪һôֵġ
ͼڶԷҵħ˵ȴҲʧˡ
ûûС
һ˷ӪﲻܺͨѶܳȥ
û˵
ûֳǿĹԣЩַһЩ
һҲ׳ŵӵħ˾򡣡
ܸоԪܣ˵򶼳Ԫܡ
ǷɢġҲεڿпԱյģĳ˲ٿţٱԼȡʹá
ɣǳȥ
ܸܵЩڶԪܡ

ǵı鶼̫ÿȻһЩԪܣû˭ܹħ
ɣ
ɣԪܶˣ
ԥԥ̻ش
ȴûôģֱӴֱɨЩ˵ļ䡣
ЩԼõĴ𰸡
Щ˶ĹٽӵĳԱǱȽͨʿ
ȻڽٽǰҲڸֳͻۣҲսˡ
ħ˷ʥ֮ǰ֮ڲϣһЩ˴ڵġ
ʥľ񼸺ħɱˣЩ˲Ǵɱħռˡ
ʥ򱻷֮Ҳ˳˯
ֱǰЩ½½ѣ۾ƾЯһЩ̫ܵ豸жϳѾꡣ
ȻǿʼԴԴϳֵħˡ
ЩħͼǵѪ⣬Դ˵õһ
ȻħǲὫȫɱÿĶͬһħˣ˵һħֻҪԵǣͲٳˡ
ʱһЩҲˡ
֮УǾǱȦϣǵԻţҲΪøħлһڡ
ϾǶǺǿߣһ˲ƾҲͦȥ
ҲౣڳõĴʳ˵ȫ㹻ˡ
ֻƺͷ
Ѿ˷ˣֱӱʧȥǵħˣȻ뿪˶顣

ɲ鿴ڼ䣬ͼֿȴֻͽʹ࣬ձͷ
㣿
Ƿ׷ɫ䣬ʲô
ҪȻûֲ̧֣ľѹͷ£ԭضá
ڷ۵ȻվԭأǺεĳǶѼˣħ
Щ޷ƶȻ޷˼Զ˲˷ǳŭ
Ȼأ
˴˵ʹսʱڣҲ˻һħأ

һֶǰСʱѧ𣿡

ЩʿĿɿڴؿ˵ʲôǳ׵Ļ
𣿡
и૵ʵ
ɵȻǡ
СʱҪ
ɣҵġ
ѣϻˣߣѣ
һ˲䣬κγƺÿ鵥޷׼ȷǸԼλá
ÿʶԣ־ÿʶԡ
Ǹ˺Щļ壬ֺеκһ
ȻʶѾ㹻⣬޷Щܹݱ˵Ĵȥƺˡ
ɣʶһˡ
ҲֻֿĳƺҪʲô緢ĸ顣
ûϵ
ôš
֮󣬻ǿһʥתһȦЩħҳɵҵĳЩĴ𰸡
ΣԪ̫࣬ҲŹʹɼܵĻᡣ
һ˽֮Ҳ֪Լʲô̬
ɿЩĽʩ
Щǽ̦⣬׵Ұڷ϶ǿƺż


99 
˹Ǽ, ΨһһҲѩԭϣ;оĿ԰ס
ѩ׷ﲻƮ䣬ɫޱ޼ʵĻԭ, Լ۴αȵĽ
ڸ˹ϵĽȺǳޣҷֲΪϡ裬ΪͨѶһʩ
Щ֮, ϡɼΪͰ¥, Լһͨڡ
ǽڰããĿո, Ĵѩ·
请˵ʱ佫ͣλá
ֽ罫ѩ, ڿɴʱֱڶڡ
ҰҵĴ
˵
䴩󽢵ĹǷǳȫ, Ӧֶӻ, ǰ䴬ʱѾʲôˡ
诣Ƕ˴ͻع, Ҫ
ֵ˳׼ȥԶɵˡ
ƺѩػԾԾԡ
Ү
ܽܽһ
Ļеǳ, ȫ뿪ɴһ
ڿոתһȦ, Ȼҵֹһɫս
ͻ, , ҽػ, ǾͺţȻķɴ
ڷѩĻ谵ո, Щϵɫ, Źâ
ע⵽һϸڡ
ڰ׺İѽı, ӳſո۵ĵƹ⣬ǰѰɫĽƺһЩ
ֱһͻ
ˡ
˻١
ﲻŲҲ̸
󲿷ǵ˴ǵ״̬ʮַɣҪдӵӡ
һһЩƺյϢ׷׿ʼװ
ЩǾͺţڲʩҲܲÿ˶ж˽ܲҡ
Ҳж
׾ٵؽһңָɷһˣɶԷģ
Ϻ֣ϾףϱЯȻɵ߳ȥ
Ƕ
ߵĹϣиָĥʲôأ
ס˵Դšĳ嶯
ոչ۲һ£ԼٰΪǶļһҲʲôƢˡ
ҲָүϹʲôأøﲻ𣿣ӱ𣿡
һ໰Ĺ
ˣ
û˵˳һͬ磡˵ڸʲô
Ȼֵشż˴
籩ѩ
ΪҪﻹзжʣ˶ڵʵʵֻ嶼ֱ治
ʵߵ忹ԺܸߣֻȫҲ¡
ʹ֯ҲȫԱߡ
读˶Ǹӳ뿪˿ոۣ̤ĵ½ڡ
¶ȶʱů࣬ʮҡ
˹ص˼
ҲģѧǵĶȻ˵ûʲô
ȻǵǷ׷װ࣬Ѹ۵һССĽƬ򢴦
½ƹ˸ԽԽ֣ܼĲ򼸺״һ
ʰ쵵Ĺɨӵ¥͸Щһ˫˫۾
Ǵҡߡ
ֵϵҲǸָȫװ嶼޷ֱ棬¶ˣӶ࣬ȴҲ١
żгºͼȻһȺΧ£ɢ¶ڵϡðˡ
ЩխڰĽֵֵżҲвҽкͿ
ֵ˿ȥǣдļֱ࣬ǣڶҺޣؿԱߵ˶á

֡
ǵ߽ʱ˶ʶܡ
ȻЩǰĴ
Ȼӡɫ꣬Ȼζʲô
һȺô£
ǵǵĿգҪۻ᣿
ڸ˹𣿡
Ⱥ͵͵
ոЩ˲ǡ
Ǻ˵ǰȥһˣҲֵĳԱƣһɳӻϢ
ߣ
ܿ
Щ⡣
ڰݵǶڵսǸųơ˺ߡָӹ
Ըոڴ˵ʱûᵽܿա
Ͼܿպƽǵ²غϡ
һһ߸ǵǰߣǴֿ֣ʼУ˵µĵ¡
ֱſڡ
ǣſھȻͣʮؾߣ½
诣
ôխֵ͵ĵ½ġ
ǶǶ
ӳ飬ȻֱӸһţɵأ
诣
ոڷӳ֮ǰͻˣȫܶȥֻӲû
ôˡ
û˵
ǱиС˶ء
һǵ˵
Ȼܱߵ˶͵͵Ц˼аζ
诣
ʲô
诣ô֪ڿӣ˵ǿǼɵ
ĻȻֹ
ſڲԶһܷԱߣи׷۵ˣ̬ɧؿųš
ĸ޳ʮòкᣬһжԱ
ɫͷʵƹ⣬԰׵ƤȥЩ̬ĵǵƵüĿ¡
Ӵ
Ǵкֵĸλǣ֪ܲʶλţ㣬۵С硪
诣
Ϥ
Ƕ۵С磬˼Һء
ЦǶɵˣӶҪˡ
ǵǺЦ
诣
ϰǶǼһؿڻдšҡأ㲻ˬһ
Ȼҿʼ³Ի
诣
Ҳˡ
Ǹ׷˵ؿڣдšҵġ𡱣ͬһ仰д飬ĸصɫʺ죬±˿
׷ۡ
·
Ǹĵͳ͵
үĲǸ鱨
Ϊʲôܵ˸ݣ

ڵ߹ȥ
ԲۣǶˡ
ǵǵ塢Цλʻ໰С
߹ȥץס׷󣬽ֱԱߵƹ谵խ
߲ȫЦеؿ
ݣǶɵߵĶ㡣
ӳǵıӰ˼䣬ɢɢˣע㡣
ǵҲܿɢˡ
вֹһֻ﹦ȫǶĳǾƵַ꣬ҲӦоС
ȻȲЩݻΧͷ
Щ˸ͨҲȥЩط
ҲûôҪˡ
ô£
Ű׷߳ԶӦһ£ȷΧûˣ𾪵ؿѯʵ
ţȤǡ
׷̯֣ҽӵ֮ҷҲҪһˣԣǸ˵ɺϡ
һ㶼Ȥ
˵ʵĲ
Ѿǳȷǽˣһģһ˵ǻͶ̬ȫ޶¡
诣ôˣ
˰ϲ𣿡
׷Щ޹գգۡ
诣
˵ϲǲܵġ
Ƶ൱¡
ԭȵĹϣıߣɽǼӱֱ
۾Ҳˣ۽ſĻƯˣëҲֳһƬïʢġѩĻ֦
ǰɫĺĤƫͫ״˼ҰԺͻ
վš
⸱ҲͦߣֻȰ׷˴
ԴߵĴ꣬΢΢̣Ⱦžˮɺۡ
ż۴ϢЩζ˿˿磬Ȼ󲻶Ÿй١


100 
诣
ô˵ء
Ǹոտķ, ˵ĿӶˡ
һϲϲûйϵֻǺΪʲôҪôҡ
ݣǱʲôӰЧ
, 취㵽֡
ΪʲôҪ²ݣ
̲طʣÿһʱ䶼ȥһ£Сˣ㲻öͬһ˻е𡣡
诽Žɵؿ
ȥ൱ȻҲʲôĺۼ
ȻҲųⷽ澭鲻㡣
诣˵ԼǱˣ˵Ļ, һѡ򼸸, ԼĻ, ᣬ, ô塣
Ц˵

΢ɨ
ΪǶǵ, Ҳһ۵ĺò, ֻͨ˵ġ
ĳӶ˵ֵҪࡣ
ʹҲʱԺӡ
Ҳǡ
׷ƮƮͬˡ
诣
еˣһΪҼ䡪
תһ, Ǳڵˡ
ƾʲô˵ֻһҪۡ
ֻΪصⲻ˶

ĽɫëȻͨעص㣬Ļûʲô˷ĵط
诱ֱ, 𣿡
Ѵĥ, ڶԸĿ޶߲ܡ
ֱӰڳһԸ̬
ǰ
ҲȻҪ̬
, ˹ͨЩ, ǵ, ֡һۿ˵ͣ, ȻǲͬƯ
ֿ佱źֵֹ, Ͼǰǰǵ鱨, ĸѧԺҵʫˡ
ﾳﱻ˵˿϶ǰġ
Цðɣء
ȻԷΪʲô
Ҫ̸⡣
˵
֪˿϶ŸӵĹϵͼ罻ȦҲΪʲôƵͨˡ
ָָԼô֪Ⱥң
ħѽ
̵˵򵥵۲ħȫˣ´ҲԣںԶĵطܿȫʹ״̬
ܹ˿ȫɲ
诶ʱȻ
̣֮ǰոҴ˹ҾͲ㡣
Ȼ֪Ƕߡ
诲ࡱûи
¶ˡ
Ҳ鱨ӵһͷë
͵İɫ̷ң鷢ŕiϣȻĪе˼
档
ջ֡
诣ҵαװϷԾʹ˽ˡ
ոȺǵˮƽ̫˵ħļ߶ûУǼǵϼ˵Ҳ¶
Ҳֻҵڵĵط
Ϊģ
̺ʵ
ԭ˵һħƺֵ𼱻Ǹһֵ֪ۻǰ¡
ҡͷֵͷȫǣҲһЩĿģܲҵһˡ
ǶĬû׷ʱ˴˺ǵǲ֡
ôҪ𣿡
ʵ
Ȼ
ֳ˳ؿڵҵרҵʿԮûֵעˣ
γĵطв󣬼ʹǾܷĸ֣Ҳ׽֪Χڡ
ȻΪˮƽޣͬȼ֣ȻҲܸ֪ľɨ
۶Էô⣬Щ鷳
üרҵʿշѵġ
诣ۡ
说սһ㣬ðɣϲ˿ۡ
ǣ򡣡
û⡣
读ǵĹԣֱӾͽǮתˣҪмֵϢǾ⳥ɡ
ЩԹؿ֮ǰǻξܾҪ⳥ˣΪȻǸչ
诰һۣΡ
ҲûٳЩеûģֵļָӹһλų
ĸ
ߡ
诣ʲôҲӵ𣿡
鷳ġ
룬Ҳ̫ȷ
⣿
˵ִؿڣ˼Ҫ򣿡
û˵ء
׷װί˵Ҳȥᣬûʲôöҽš
诣ʲô
̣֪ˡ
ðɡ
读Լ˳㿴һۣ㲻𣿡

׷һɢȻһҪĽףҲ̹ȥڼ׷Ӧûںͱ̸ء
Ȼͷ
ڸһȦϵֻһӪҵչԴƷĵط
Ӹû֤Υǹеٵҩ
诶ĵطΪϤǵ½ֲҲôһףûа㲻ʡ
һӻżоƬ˳˹Եıòһ̧ͷֱ̱վڵſڡ
׷˼ض
诣
ҺȻ뵽һμĳˡ
°˵ʱ㿴ȥҰ
ͷˮ
诣
Ǳɽȥ̵ĵȻ˵۸󣬵ôҲ¹롪һӶ˵
ҲǸӰɡ
Ŷ
ƺԻ󣬡ӡĵһμ棬ʵĵһΡ
诣ĵһʲôʱ򣿡
ǣеļǰһɡ
һ㱻׷ɱѪҵϡ
诣
ǹһǶʱ䣬̫౻Ѫľˡ
״̬ȷʵҲ޷עΧĻˡ
诣ҺܾȻϳңôǱ
ǽµĵ΢
컨ϴװεƹܶػײİҲػζš
ƳϰѾʧźƺҪȥʲôطˡ
Ȼ˴ܡ
ֵ𾪺ǸֻҵĽŲХʻֵϲĳڱȥ
ֵ½ֵĻǣǳ˴ģ̮˻ᱻڵ
ȻħԪػ˵⡣
վڵſ⿴
ʮĽֵϣؾӹײһ̵ơ
ϱܵǱܵøԶˡ
ոٶȣǲСǿֱӻᱻ˺ء
ţķһȺ˻Ⱥӷɳ׷ǼǼСװ
ʮȺ׼ͶЩ
㣡
ʻϣи˼Ų̨ϧٶѾ޷
Ԥ˳
ұˣ
˴ߣ
δ䣬˻׷ٻХֱβ
߰㳯Ű׹䡣
ӳˣΪȻҲߡ
ֻһȻըƷҲˡ
ţͱһȺ˻ΧͣϷת䣬Ĺⵯ
ˮڿһӡ
кĹⵯڰеתֱԭأײЩ˻ϡ
Ŷ˻谵ĵ½ֵԼǾס
վڷܵȷȻƺϸɳա
ޣֵǡ
Ǹ˽˻͵͵һؿ˿ѪƺոĲ١
׼룬һתȻˤ˸ͷ
˵ڵϣֽϤصɳ
Щɳӷ·ƾճ֣۳״ס֫Ӳѹڵϡ
ţİɫɳϯ۶ǿڡ
ҵزţƺҪҽУȻЩҲȫɳ
һ룬ѿ
ɳѪĭһĽ䣬ڽֵŢĵϣԼ۵ĳϡ
ֻʣ¼龧Өʯͷ
м˴Ҵææܹȥʯͷźá
ϵ·ɫ꣬Ȼֵˡ
иӳװ˳һ
ӹʯͷתǸǸ£ǱѾشǸһ˭֪ܳ
ļ
һɫ̷߳Ӱ֮Уʲô
ӳ㱨ͬϼԭʯܿո¡
δ䣬ӳĹһ£ͷ鿴ϢȻЦͬﶼסˡ
ܿȴû˸˻߿
λָӹȻףӦ÷ݸµתˣ򡪡
˫벻ȻʹźͰ֣Ҳܽǵ̸һ
Ȼߡ
ߡ
ɱԼѪԵϸĸ֡
תͷȥ
еվԱߡ
֮ң
iͦݣ˳İɫ𣬵ɫĤŵϸơ
ǮΪռЩ£ȻҲܿպԼĹϵ
诣лˡ
𣿡
׷΢΢ǡ
ٴŵɢǮģ磬Ҫ
˵겻شץסڣʹԷѹϰȻ̧ͷսȥ
ڳ¸дĴУǻص˵ζһ˿һƵطɢ
ƺ΢Цһ£Ȼְסĺԣǡ
ϸİ׷ϣഥ˴˵Ϣݼ䡣
ݵ繲ϢȻ⡣
说ǰ鱨ӣ̲סЦҪͿˡ
ںĨȥǵĺɫӿڴͳһҲһ£
а
诽ӹʼ磬š˴۵ĸӣ

̾˿ԹԵظҪлңռ˵˻㡣

诼Цһ£˻ĻױƷҰı
¶µ񣬡ԣô
նǷ˵Ļɡ
诺ܵ˵ţ˴ױ˳Ĩ°ͲϵЩۣҪȥĸĸˡ
˵ʧԭء
׷Ÿתţ෴ķ뿪ˡ


101 
ܿպȻо̫Ծ
͵̧ͷ, ˫ĿĤɫ䣬ͫϸߣȻֱĳ̵ķ
һˡ
Ȼܱߵİ, ʹµĵ˿
ų𡣡
Ա߼ӳЩ˷ܵ˵
ģδϼϼжԾųҲ㽡
ǿǰǣܻǿߣ
һ˴ӽ߹ʱԶ˼ʶˡ
Ϊǵ, ҲΪոһѪȵĻ档
ߡ
Ⱥд
ֵطû, ȻҲʶЩǵ
ʹʶ, ҲֳܺԱжϡ
Ǽĸ֡
ЩһߵţһͶȥ̥ߡ
Ϳܴڵͽ
˭Ķأ
ֻǴҲ֪, ǲûбȥǮ
š
ܿת, Сĵ㡣⸽Ĳҵǡ
δ, ļȻһսĺ⡣
ӳûӦʲô
ܿյӰԭɢƮĻɳ
ڱڶ׵ڵϣһҿ, ҫ۵ɫâУֳƵӰ

ֵٴλ
ԪػԪػ
ּĸֹУܴݻٽֵ, Ѱ˾ûΧۡ
Щǰͣ½Ų, ʱ, ޲øϽصϿŷɴˡ
ӳǶ岻, ֻܿڽս
ƮĻɳֵ, ĴûһƬȻԻ͵׵統ը, а˺˺ڰ
˲һ, ϵƹ, ҫʱʱֵӰ
ǵǸĿɿڴǹ֪Ŀ
ӳǸɵۿ˼ӣиԴЩĻ˻֣Ǳ¾ˣԶ㡪
һ˵һ߷תƣɫĹţڵŲԭ䶯·һ㡣
⼸ӳ״׷׺ˡ
Ƕ֪ԼͬŵǸҳһ壬ʹ֣ҽҲǲݡ
ǽãҲɸзϡ
Ȼ˵ָͨ˭ԸȥǸĥԶء

½ֵһ
ĳֻľưƹңң̨˸ΥҩˮΧű¶ŮŮ
׷괩Ⱥۻ谵Ĺͣһſڡ
ڽ𣬱ǽȫ赲
沿ʶ֮ͨǰԶ򿪣¶װݻķ䣬һȺµķ˻վطż˿͡
ȻҪΪЩ˵Ƶ̣§§
˶̸⣬żѷˣҲװӡ
Ǹ
׷̵˵ˣеµˡ
߽ʱԭ˵Ǽ˶ʱ졣
Ƕ˵ͷȻ󰲰غȾƻǿԡ
治ǽϰ塣
һŮ˿ɳϣؿڵֵطˡ
ⲻϰĵ𡣡
ֹţӹĳ˵ľƱ⻰˵ģʲôĵطһ

ŮƳһۡ
̴ӿڴͳһöΪСɵоƬҪĶϰ塣
Ůһݡ
סöᱡоƬ
ֱһ֣ǰ͸״ﻹάߡ
Ů˽֮ŹԴ۲һ£ȻԱߵķ˷Ըһ䡣
Ǹ˵ĻеоƬµɨһ
ô֤
Ķ棬Ҫġ
һ컯ֲע䵽֮󣬿ֱӺԪᡣ
ܾܹʱܹԶͷд̼Ի߻ǿƵˡ
һʮϡеġʥĵͲʯ
ȡĹҲĻеѴﵽҪܵϡ
ֲۺܸߡ
Ҳÿ˶õġ
̼˶ܳܣѰ˿ֱܻӱɵӣ߽״̬
ʢʱڣǹٽӳԱı׼֮һ
֪ٽӳԱȫߣҲҪܿϵѵжȻҲĿ
Զ˵ֲ޺ġ
ȷʵ
Ů˵˵ͷ
ͨԱǸ˵ɨ裬Ѿõ˽оƬıź˵ϢѾա
֪̿Ѿ˽ᣬϰ壬øǮ˰ɡ
ŮƳһۡ

׷꿿ɳϣԺ󣬡Ϊõҿ˲֡
˽ʥˣ
Աиʵ
ϻ
ͷҲӦȻ
ˣ
Ա˼ʡ
ࡣ
룬ǵķɴŵľձתһȦǵطھħ˵ķ䳲Ȼ˳ȥˣɴûͣ¡
һձѣȥЩ򿴿
̣˵Щħܵѵ˸ҽȥ
ȥתüˡ
ĵ˵Ҳûʲô¡
Ϊ˶㡣
תͷȥߵˣĺƣǮ
ŮҡҡͷͷתˣյûϽɡ
̵ͷ˼ھƣҲߣĻֻû
Ա˦˦ӣҪҪһѣ

ϵؾܾһûǮʱ򡣡
ĪǮôǮൽ򼸸ϵ˰ɡ
˭˵ģҾһƶˡ
վ˭˵ǮҪԱ˳ŵġ
Ҿںʲôˣ֤ݡ
û˵
ֻƵſȥ
ڻ֮ңĵط׷ٿͣס˽Ų
һ룬ǰԶźȻ飬ӣȻһ顣
˷׷ױɫŮ˺Ǹӵ֮⣬˶ʶվ
һɺ˵ѪȶϢӿһŻĸζ
ô£
ǼЩ𾪵˵
վһȺȫװǵ
˶žףӡֵɫ꣬ǹеŴܵԪгصֳַ
淭һϡīɫ
Ĺкɵ˼ʬ壬ЩʬȻãѪ䣬¶ɭɭ׹ǡ
Ƶʬһ·չӣֱĴ
˶ѾڵϣĴǸܷõϢĶ
ǡ
ſǼ˲ս
ð
ǵ˶ѵУ߳һݵӰ
˿ŷǳᣬһͷɫɳ黨裬ţбƴѩɴȹŲŰЬ
ȥͽֱߵѧûʲô
ȻұŰɫĳԱ߻ƣһֱӵ米
ϰ塣
ҷŮ˵
ŮЦЦų¡
ų
⼸˾
ǶһЩС˽ŵ죬ۼҪλϰ£˴˻档
û뵽Ȼַ֮С
Ƕֵľųζʲô
ǵǵĴ
ǲˣ
˳ɤҪƲϵûйϵ
δ䣬ȫŲӸŻգۼ͵˵ϣϺ״ϲ
ǵƤѪ⿪ʼð䣬ڻŵ˳
̫ˡ
ҷŮͷ
һ֮䣬ǼȻò
̻ö˶˵վԭء
ϸİɫƬ¶Ƥֺ֣ܿȥ
ɲҵ¡
׷֣λ
ף
ҷŮתͷ˼ؿһۣŶҽһԼ÷ݡ˹̹˳ƺΪߡ
ֻ̣޹·ˣҾͲҽˡ𣿡
÷Ȼվſڡ
ֻʣˣ̣ɳϵŮˣԼһ߬ӵˡ
ŮЦһĺƣһҳӵĿϰ塣
÷üϰĲҵ鼰ôһʧӦҲϡ
̧ҡ
ĺù̳һڣȻ󽻵˫ȣؿţ׵ȹڷ档
ԣλ߰ɣǺûйϵ
÷ӵĿڽϡ
𣿡
̧һֻ֣ƺҪȥžµӣջûдԷ
ȻǸӶԵǵҲЩŲȣȻԷܹħˡ
ħζħ϶ȡԪܡ
Ҳ˵һйԡ
ڲ֪Էʲôǰ£÷ҲԸȥǣһУһǹ࣬Ҫ˷ȥħˡ
׷Цеҡͷ¡
÷ЩȤջ֣Ҳϡٻɡ
ҪӦܷĴս
æˡ
㡪
÷ݿһˡ
ĺƶ棬һֱӣոƺЩ
Ŷ
˺ȻվҲе£ˡ
ıֿȥ̫⣬˵߹÷ߣŷɥľųֻһ·ͨˡ
÷ü˵ʲô
һǵǹңңָǸˣͬʱǰһΪԼĸС
뿪ǹԷɫ˭֪ոտ۶Ȼһֱһ£ײͬϡ
һǹҲС䵽ǽϡ
ȴδֻֽеӳȥȻҴææˡ
ʲô𣿡
÷ݻڶıӰȥȻĺƿˡ
־ųתֻҪһϢ
Ŷ
ĺһһ˵ϢҪǮ㲻ҵĵ꣬ҵĺ鶼ɱˡ
һΪΪŵĴʹߣϰ岻˽ƽϡ
÷ݹʧ˵汧ǸҪϢ˵һһɱ

ĺͷСߡ
˳ǣĽһڹϣһڿոҪҪ룬ƴ˭ʧһЩ
ּĸ֣һ档
Ҫһϰ壿
÷ЦЦ˵ǰᡣ
ĺƿһۣ㲢ĺƴŽʱ򡪡ŶǵĻô˵գ԰ɣûҪʱҡ
ҵȻô
÷ݵ˵Ϊɱ㣬ҸҪйٵ䡣
ôµȲһѾ˵иߣðɡ
ĺʼ磬йˡ
ȷʵִԡ
÷ЦһҲ˵ǰ˼ߡ
ȥʸµ˰
ĺĪ˵Ҳ֪ģйȷʵɱʬ嶼ûˡ
÷΢΢۾ǡ
δ䣬ǽµľʯͷ컨Լƣͬʱҵ
εϷˢĳϢѹȸк
Ԫܣ
Щǵҡҡ׹ǽڲǿվ
ȫħ˰
ĺЦЦ治֪ڶԸʲôˡ
÷ɫ΢䡣
ոµָӹ֮һܿȥΪһȺǰµ
ܿջûȴħԪܵϢʮİ
ԣ˭ںͽܿս
ԪܣѰǼĸ֣ܿδسŵס
һǼĲֱܾ֮ζɱ
һ룬ĺվ
ȫȻ仯ͬʱħԪܵѹϢ
ЩǵӶˤڵϣǹеžһߣ˵ʡ
мʵǿˣǶ֧˼ӣȻҲûվȡ
һָӹֱӲħԪѹðڵϡ
÷ݣֳܱվ
߾ߣ
ĺЦһ˼СѸԼ豨۾ͱȥ˰ɡ


102 
½ֵһߡ
սڼ
ֵѾȫ, ܵȫܵʣµҲڷԶԶǳ˵ս
ȻҲѿκϸڡ
ӯŰƵɳ, ĴһƬ谵Ψսĵطʱʱ׹ҫ
ɳԽԽ࣬ЩûзܵŴԱ, иɳмϴӷ϶©
ֵǵҲԶԶ, ΨһӳͼųԼ, ָӹٽˡ
ԼܸɵǸֻ֣Ҫһ鷳ҲǺõġ
Ԫػƶ״̬
ܿճѾ, ս൱ḻ, ҲиĿ
ɳϯ˷Բ׵Ľֵ
ܿյѾС
Լһɳ, ൱й¶λá
ҲԪػ״̬ܿȻܲ׽Ķ, Ҳû
˾ڴģ˭Ȱ಻סħ
Ȼܿղ֪, ҲðȻħӦԡ
ϾЩԪܵ˵, ֻҪһħ, һҲħ, սҲͲܵıƴˡ
˲༫, иֻǳħһ˿ֱܻ
˫֪֪׵, һսǵͷĿ˵, Ԫܡ
ҲСԷ
̫óԪܸ֪, ҲֻȷԷԪܣԼ˭˭پͲ̫ˡ
˵ͣδʵ
ƩĦǼһܻͣħ
ܿյǣޣǸ͵˶˽ޣû֪ˡ
Ҳ¡
չҪƳ˵ħҪ̫򵥡
޷ȫħǾ͵ɡ
׹⴩ڻɳУѸ磬Բ׽ֻڹǵһ˸⡣
ԭȰе˻׷׹أڵϡ
Ͻ̾͵Ľֵ棬Ҳ˵ҫĻžը졣
ˣǸԭ׼͵ϮĶӳҲֻö㵽˸Զɵۡ
Ļ£ʣվڵϿ϶ͨһ̱Ҳж
޷ȷ诵λãеĻɫƴƫƫûʹá
⵽ʲôˣ
ջ˵˸ԶͬǱԹ
֪
ĶӳҲͷˮ
ǵ̫ˣҲһһϸ
ǰ׼ȥĻء
ȻֻһȺԶԶܺλȣҲ֤кܶࡣ
ҲܾҪͽļһ
иӳЦ˼˿ɶˡ
ûõָӹٵ͡
ָӹǸб£ѰܶԸġ
˵ֵǵб˶µЩų
ЩӳǲսֻɳҾͶԼָӹ˸ġ
Ȼǵ޷ŵĵطܿոӦ÷ݵľ񲨶
ų𣿣
ָӹЩš
ܿպ÷ȥʲôȻλϰʵֻǽŵĴʹǣͨҲǰ
ЩǣƩй٣ҲЩǰǣƩ硪
ܿȥԺЩԣרעǰս

ڶֻڼ䣬ҲӦ˾
֪˭ֻܸоǸ֡
糱ˮˢľߵַ񣬺εչʾԼ
þѰʱӲŪôĶ˸ܵ
Ȼˣ޲˶֪һ
诲֪ʵ໹ԸͬҲֻ䱸ͬʱ֪һȦֲûǿп
ȻٴͶս

ܿյĹȻ
ϯɳԽأɳܶԽԽ󣬽ֵܲ͸Χΰ㽫ڡ
۵Ĳɳǽµ˶Էͼ
ȻҪСΧֱԼ
ȻǱƴܵǿȣһ㶼µġ
ǰ¶ȵĻһֱսοԶѷǰߵɳ
ħ˫ۣѭſ˿˿Ƶܹ켣ҵһŹâۼĵط
ҲǽܿյĲ֮
ҲһֱڱƶֻٶȱԼ࣬Ȼޡ
诳׼˶ڵĵط͵ش˳ȥ
ҫ۵׹֮ͬʸֱӹᴩ˿Ƽ᲻ɴݵɳǽ
ܿ˲䣬֫ȻɫƬȻͽץӭĵ⡣
ҲɫͫϸߣȻǿ˵е˵λá

ߵӰȻǵָӹٱ
ȫע诣طһ˲ֱûħĺ
ܿ΢΢һ
Ȼ·
诣
үġ

һʧˡ
诶ԴҲ׼ǰٷ֮ʮļʣɹȫ
ڽܿտڰ׵Ӱ֮ǰٻߣԼħ״̬
ݵĽֺһ⡣
λָӹƺֲֻħ
ߵж֡
ܿ޷ȫħпеλ
Ů˵Ӱֱӽԭء
͵˹ȥ
ͬʱȫħ״̬
ſƵĺʮצĴ룬ڵͶ¹ȰĵӰ
濪ʼ顣
һԶ죬¥㵹ֵܿʼ̮ҳ
˽˶ԹȻҲʶ
һֲ˶ԷؿڣɱѪԵϵĸĸ
Ů˵Ҳš
ѾˣֵԪƻҲް취
ܿ죬ָӹٽʣӿƣȻǱĴѡ
˳ָ˸ܡ
ΪѾԽܿռûʲô֮
Ҳ˳صļ䡣
ǹǵһ
ܿյͯһ϶ȹ
ĸĸһͨѶ˾ĸ߼ԱæнȶҾ㲻ϸԣҲȡ
Сѧѧģͨûʲô
ĸĺˣСҪΪ֡
żͬѧִҲϣԵ±ԹìܡΪǾһôġ
ܿղϲ
Ȼͬѧܣǵı۶ǵĸ첲ٲǵϥǣȻ
ȻڱЩ֮еġ
ΪѧУҼҳ
ÿζĸĸڸǸȱȱһȴֻܿԼĸϥϴ
еջֶġ
ʮ꣬һɺϵͬʱݼ٣׼̽˳Ρ
ǰϵ;УĿʹǵ١
ǵ࣬ûߣֻƾеػԼսвЩ˿͡
ܿյͷλϡ
ʱѾΪԪߡ
ֻĸĸ֪
ǵҪʲô£᲻Щ˿͡
ܿպ޷Ӧʲôû˵
Щǹںͼ⵶֮ǰܿ˿һʵʵϵĶ
Ȼһ̧־ܷŵǰˣȻǵֹһұ֤Լɷ˲˿ˡ
ϵĲﲢ࣬û˾ûˣֵðա
ǵɵѹֵǮƷ
ǵĲһСڱק߹Եʱ򣬷ŭҧǵ֡
Ȼûʲô˺ǵͬĳЦ߳ŭǹҪǸӡ
ܿޱؿһĻ
ȻĸͳǹǸǵ֡
һƬҡ
˿ǶӴܣǵſǹ罦Ѫڴھӵѳɿ顣
ܿߣĸҲߣֻƽƽûԵɾ޴˺
ʹˣǵҲԽڳˣˣҲԻ
ܿҪŸĸܡ
ȴ˦֣ЩɨȺǵ
δΪǵŮվԭأãȻַŭؿԶȥֿǵ屻д̴Ȼǹ顣
ӿޱ޼ʵѪɫþֱʹ
ܿŻ
ΪǰĳΪĸ
ǵѡθ
޷ǽ˵Լġ
ɳ
ǵҵ⹥Դͷɳ͹ǵıǻͣʺθԴԴϵؼ룬ֱԽԽɳθڡ
Ȼǵ塣
ֹһѾѪմѪɳ
ʣµġҴĳ˿ǣʱҲͣס˽Ų
ǵصɳӳӯÿңסǵҰ
ɳɢ
ǿǵǵʬ壬ɴ˿
ܿǵҵǸӡ
Ű˾ģ縻ĹҲ൱
µվһߣصʬ壬ΪңȻͷ˹ԡ
ղžأ
ܿ߹ȥʵʬ廹㲢ȥһ𣿡
ǸĪؿȻƲƲ죬Ǳ߿žͶģҲȥ
ܿջҪ˵
ʲô
Աһ˴Ҷӵģѵ㻹Ҫ˶ǵǮ𣿡
ֱܿһȭϡ
Ǹ˲ҽű÷˳ȥ
ͼƫƫֻ̱ſǽϡ
ΧһƬȻǷ׷׺ˡ
ʲô
ǸӼҰְֿǡ
һʼҾ㡣
ܿؿĹô㻹ҵλһ·ϳΣÿһͷ˵СʱǸĸ׾ͻң֪ʱʲôĲ飬ʬ嶪ǰʱʲô顣
ǸǵҪǹʱ㲻֪жôˡ
һ˵һץסкĲ
Ǳ̱߱˴˵һвĻ
ܿջкȻʬǸǰ
һ˲䣬еǰδеá
ڷμ诣ᵽǿҵĻܡ
ܿմӴһСͷ뿪ˡ
ͨڰǴƴ˼꣬Ҫɱ˷ŻĻƣ޵ߺԭǶƷ˿⣬ֻҪ׬Ǯɡ
ΨһЩͬǣ󲿷ʱɱˣĿ
˼꣬;ǿ÷ݣߵļϴ
Ͷǵˡ
ŴӳȥӿʹȻɱˣֻҪЩ˿ʵʵȫԱ
Ȼһ˷³ǳҡ
ָӹ٣ӷΧҲԽԽѧħ֮лĴͿʹ䴬ǾʴҲ
ʱˣڰ˶ʶ˲٣һֹ塣
żְǽһЩ飬ƩУƩծǷǮˡ
ĳһΣҪȥָص㽻һǺһС֮⡣
Ȼ·ϣһҿʹճԷ򸾡
ұٵĴϣȴҪæ
ּΪľٶýܿոе־ΥĶĺͷŭ
ͬʱɱЩĵˣҲе֡
ԥôˡ


Ϊܿˡ
ԭǵصɳͬڵѩڿɢȥ
⣿
ԶǵǷ׷ױɫ
ЩӳȷӦָӹٵʧζ⵽ش
Ȼ˴Զֻ÷ųȥ̽顣
ʧˣ
˾
Ȼ֪ﲢûϤˣҲûİǿС
ǲǶħ
ȷʵǻӰ֪ġ
ǻû۳ȻйâһѤõĵâ۶
ӳǾ㵵̧ͷ
ǶǿߣҸսȻԷʵȫѹļ
˸û˷ӦվǰĶӳѾ⵽˹
Ǹӳﻹ߬Żɫš
ǳƺΪʴǡĸء
˵ɱԼĸĸֵܣΪͨ
ͬҲ˼ɵȻΪɱˣΪ
诵ٶȳǵķӦ
Щ˶ļߣûܼҲֻǶӳˡ
δӳеĹѾԽԽ׳ļ⵶ͫס

Ѿȷ˺ɭĸ֡
ΪԷһԷ˸Ǹղһ
ǴӶħõС
ħԷ˵ļ䣬ʹĹ񱻷ݲжȥ
ԼľûֱԭģԭĸƣǶսԼһƵ
ûжħҵ˴´ࡣ
ڵ˲Ǿֵܸǰ¡

ص˴͡
۳д͸ؿڡ
һ˲䣬Ҳݵ˼ĺС
ֿǵӳһ
ζĵѧУģͬѧܣҳ
ȻѧʱڣھӼҵС
ûʲôɡ
ֻΪСǰ߹ǰױ鲻á
ĸ缰ʱֹȭĸ͸һ׸һ⣬ڷŭлˡ
Ҳʹ˱
ɫĸĸֳڣҧһĮؿţǵòΣʹȥ
ܿҲǵĴ
Ӵˣʼܿʹȥģ
ظŽĴɱˡ
ǲҽڵϷǵ屻ҧ֧顣
ȻоĿС
ƾսԼ˶ӳΪߵ¡
ܿղɱǲԼֻҪǲ鷳Ǿʲôԡ
ǸشŲĴɱӣѪϴռվٿ˷ɴҲڻǵĳɱ
ܺŤУиøӡ̡
һҿʹϡ
һƬңĴѪͨﶼǹĵˣʹ飬Ǳٲԭ¹ڳģ
ȻǽҵĳУиΧһи롣
Ǹ˾кɫ԰׵ڵϣ˫ȱҹɶѪģ
ĸĸȥʵ˵ģֵǮĶժҿԱߵǵҪ˺ǵĶӡ
Ǹкȴԭأûûп޺ֻǵʹԴʲô¶ûз
ķ˿մѪڵƹԡ
һ̣ʮԶؾ÷ǳˬ
ȥ˽Էȴյָӹٵ
ˡ
ֹһ
ԼжһҲɸɱȳӡ
ȻǶָͨ
زûô࣬ΪǸС


103 

ٴν
Ϊˡ
Ķ׵յý, Ƥϱ鲼ֲ˿ڣѪ⽹Ϣ
诶ȡЩ䣬ƺܶ, ʵҲͷת˲֮䡣
ڴδ˶ԣðȻЩϢܻɸֲӦա
ⷽȻ˵ãҲȷʵͶʱһ, ܴＳȡиĳ̶ȡ
ԳЩĳ
ҲѸȡԼҪϢ, ҶԴ㡣
Ŀ, 񼸺Ƕˡ
ݣأ
ӳ𾪲ѡ
ɱ, Ҳ͵ˮƽ, ȴһɱ, ûа㻹֮
Ǻ͸صĹϵһ㣬ûϲ˭Ϊ, ֻԼҪ
ԶӳǷ׷·ˡ
Ҳûȥ׷
ԭؽ˶ݵϢһЩͷµĸֽʯ飬ĳ, ִ˺
طиڸɼܡ
ոʹȫ֮ܿǰ, ֵѾʼˡ
ҳһξɨ, оԪܵĲ
ɡ
说򿪹Կ˿, źʱʱޡ
˭ڸɼأ
֮ǰαװǶʱ, Ѿ֪ô¡
⼸ǵĿա
ղ֪ʲôԴҲ֪ǵŻǷ, ֵ, һŽĻ
ƩĳطƵػϢصǾųѡ, ʲôȡԼ㲻ȥȥģҲԴڴ˯
ΪֵĳԱ̫ˣĸųѡͬĵطᶼһ
ϾĻĳƫƧĻǿɶԻãǻκһҶὫ֮Ϊս
ڣ˹ڵϵǱѡеĿ񻶵ص㡣
ϵһȺǵɢڸѰ֣˹ֻ֮һˡ

ֵȻڲ̮
ԽԽĽ㵹𶯴ӵص·Ľֵʧȥ֧ŶȻϴݡ
ת˲䣬ʮ½ֵ̮
Ĵ̳ײû˲ҽУĺԶЩؾߴæ׹ʯ顣
ЩڿըһѤõ̻
˳˼
սйأǴ𰸼ֻһˡ
ܿյϼֵľų֮һߵ÷ݡ
ǼһѸдȾԣǳߣֻߵĲ״ʤѰ
Ȼ˭Ȿº÷ݴòɿۼҪ

ǰ˼
ǰĵذʧȥ֧ţֱϷ׹ҳһ޴Ŀֱʮ׵ѿڡ
ѿԱߵͷ¿Ѿܿ²Ľֵ
ͬ˰㷭ڵ̳Уϡ͸īɫĹ
ڵѲɨֱܵӱѪ⣬ֻʣ¹Ǽܡ
˼һĻǻֲ̿ѣǻŲ·ܡ
ȻЩŷģ˶⡣
ī̵ʼӡ
诣
ֱԪػ·صԼķɴ
ɡ
ڵԱλϣк½
ֵͿ治ԾҲ罫ɴʱ״̬
׸Ѹٳ˽ع
͸ϴ԰׵ƣѺĵغλã͸ҫĻ⡣
һ룬˹ıը
ͬʱĴ̴ֻʱӶǱͱѵķȺɢ
ǱɢǺԼԻͳȵĻ档
š
׸ͣ㹻ȫľ֮⡣
˶ڹۿ㹻𺳵һĻ
˰Ѹ˹ĵغ˻ˡ
½˵ƴɡ
ֹ
뵽ǰǿֲĶ÷ںʲôսԼǰǣҲ¶Ҳǰǰɡ
请ͨˡ
诣
Ȼĳ鱨ɤ
ڷɴϡڱʱҾܳˡȻû뵽ջٵĲ㡣
诣Ըܿջŵ̶ֳȰɣܺܲҲǡ
Ǻ¶֮
󲿷Ҳֹǿ
˾ռߵ˵ܶҪȫħ˶ˣߡˡ
˲Ҽˡ
ѡڽܿ˵Ҳȫ⡣
诣˳㣬ŪΪʲôҪɱҸĸˣӦǸ塪İ£ܿضĺϣ±ˡɺϡ

Ҳôһ̾Ͷˡ
ȨƵ󶼻ЩǵǷＯᣬǱ˴˼໥ݻĽס
ǰҪһЩ˰ǽ鷳ҪǮҲҪһЩ㡱
诣÷ں˭ս
̣Ǻ鱨
ܾ̾ڿңӦûûɣҪɽȥ
̣ҲǲУҲһʶѵҪ˼ڳʱҽܣ
诣
Ҳԡ
Ȼ˼Ǯ
诣үģֻҪ㼸仰ֲȥ飬˼ҪôǮ𡣡
ҵ죬ǿǰǵĴС
˵ֵּ֪ϢǮ𡣡
诺Ȼѣȵȣ㲻ҵϢɡ
ʲôô𣿡
ʮίżֱҪˣأʹˡ
ݰ
𳶵𡣡
ۣǮˣϽģ˵¡
Ŷ
̵һӻظ̬صĺưҰͬУҲί⣬ţǮҵǣԻڸܡ
诣ҸоǮǴˮƯһ֪Ǽٵ֮⣬ʲôõϢ𣿡
̣ѽǺмֵϣҪһϢȡ
诼װûǰǵʵɣһ
ͱȾǶ˼ҲôҳͽЩֺʹŵ
̣ô֪ܲ٣ЩԲдĸġɡ
诣ټ
ƺ˵ʲôԥؽͨȻϵһˡ
˲һӡ
˵ͳصɤʲô¡
һŴԱͶζĿ⣬һ𣿡
ԷĬ˼ӡ
귢ҡ
˵
诣Ҹ½
á
˵̫Ҳԡ
˵͹
ֱʻϣ÷ɴԾǨ״̬Զ˸˹
׸뿪ռ֮ͨ³ǿ֮УԶȾīƣ̵ߺ
请Լ꣬Ȼɷɴͣ״̬
Լһȥоռˡ
˲Сʱ
诵ĹյһϢ
վʱֵڽͷӶ߹ཻղ
ܽܽתŴӣϿֿ򴬲ڵĵط
诣л˵
ܽܽ˦С֦ܸ𣿡
诣Ϊʲô
ܽܽһֱЦ
诣
Լֱȥˡ
说򿪲š
ĹâңԶǿи֣ǰ㼲۶Ϸʱһȵķ硣
һ˲䣬ӷ˿Ƥ·Ҫǹ⺣ȼ
诹Żعͷ
췢վڹӰߴǿԹۡ

ۺͷôˣ
ִԼĴռóһ
һŲϵѪͷ˫ĿԲƺǰʮ־塣
ĳ˰ɡ
Լ˵㻹ǵֵĳԱӦþ㡪
ɲмˣ
һʱ֪ô˵
ۺͲرԣ·Ǽġ
ҼʹһȱһȶЩҲʲôѵֻǲ֪Ϊʲôһֱûн
ۺӹǸԴź˵ףȴûֱӻش𾿾벻ǡ
ôҵġ
ġ
֯һԣҿƭ˵ȥѰɱҸĸĳˣ˳ˣأźʴǣµĶӳ֮һ
ۺ磺
诣ʵϣȼһԷޣص˺ҽ˵ǻº֢ɱһһֹġ
ۺ磺ȳӣ
诣õĲʡ
ۺû˵
诣֮뵽ˣ˵СʱǵˣȻҽ뵽㣬ҲҲƵ¡
ȻôƵ˿϶ҲڣҲǰٷְȷ
诣ҾŹ֤һ£ԣҼҵĳˣҲĳˣȥ˹ԭ򡣡
ͣͣ˵Լڸؼ￴Ļ棬һϸڡ
诣ʵҲ̫ţҸúȷһ¡
Ǿҡ
ۺҴϣΪҵıֺ˲һͶʹǸ
Ķ˼ӣָµͷǾͿʼŤΣȻӲˡ
ǿԴĹݡһĿȫǵ顣
֮ʧ
췢ǵͷ­Ѫ˳ָϵڵϡ
һˣҲһȹǣҸĸҪõĲϣȥõҽԺǳ
ȻǾˡ
ۺû˵ꡣ
ȻѾ֪˺
̾˿ô꣬Ϊʲôȥ˺ܲ˵ġ
ۺû˵
诣Ŷˣøңûϵ
һЩԸػش𣬡ֺϲ
诣
ǽܿյ¡
ɱ˸أܿʵȥۺ籨ǲͲ
˵ۺô˵Ϊһ㣬Ʃɱ˸أɱǰĽܿգų÷ݣ
ţʶһ⡣
δұˡ
ܿȥɱǿûʲôѶȵġ
Щǵһϲɱ˵ļѣ䵱Щɱǵսͬ»¼ʱ
ڰˢʱͽӴƵ¼ЩǵΪԼһˣͽȫҶɱ
ۺ粻ϣַܵա
ϾȻԸһ𣬸ԸʱرȻ϶ҲԸ⡣
ԸɴͲȥˡ
ۺæŵˣҲȥɱСʱĳˡ
ȻҶˡ
šлˡ
ۺֽõԴ˲š
ɴʮְ
诣ۺ硣
Աߵ˿һۡ
诣׼ͷȥͽأǷһڡ
ۺ磺
Ĭ˼ӣҸǮ


104 
ۺҲ˵
诲е⡣
ΪԷ˻ﲻô, ȥǲ̫ҪǮ͡
ôҲͬĸ֣ɱҲǮˣôҲͲ⡣
ȻоԷǸĵˡ
诿˿ת˼¼, ԡ
ʶΪʲôûȥǳΪлָ
Ȼ룬𰸺Ҳν
诣ҵħ𡣡
һЩ
ۺ΢΢ҡͷ㡪
ҡ
ͬʱڡ
ۺĬȻһ, Ȼʾ˵
գգ, ˵ɡ
ۺû, Ҫʲô
诣ҪؼҴŲе㸴ӣҳ˵, Сʱ򱻶ڻ, Ҹĸϵҵ, ˺ܶǮ
Ȼĺңռȫֵһᡣ
ӼӷɴټӹɷټӼĴй˾Щͨ˵, ǮҲľ޿ˡ
诣Ҳ˶೤ʱ䣬ܸ㶨
ʵҪ졣
УСʱ
ֻ·;ʱȽ϶, ҪȥǸ, ͣ, ȥռҵĺլ, Ҫ˾ۼ
ȫ, ϶ҲҪСˡ
š
ۺûжʹŲͻǵ£ƺЩȤ, Ȼأ
ȻҪȥϹԼᡣ
ûֱô˵, ղ˵ʲô
ħܻȥһط
ĻҲü˵ˡ
, һ֣Ҳͣ
˵ҪһȥɱôҲһʱ̡
诣ҶˣҺһȥɡ
ܲ˼ҴŴŻҪͣһٻɡ
ۺ粻ÿɷ񣬡ԭȵİţ
诣Ҹո˵ˣܸ㶨ѵʱô𣿡
Ǹ
ۺ翴һۣӦҪȥ׶ɣ
ʮֲ죬㶼֪
ۺ磺ҲˣֻҪϣ϶㡣
ϹԸֵѾ
֪ΪʲôܾЩ΢
ǶԼ
ǶϹΪ
诣ҿԲȥϾ룬
Ϊǿ߿϶ǿԼȻϾϵĹֻҪϾڣԶԿ
ȻĲˣһƻִģԱ˭ǹ˭Ϳ
λǣ̹Ȼλµ룬ȥȥȥ
û˸ұ¡
Ǳǣûн̬ԪҲޣ޷˲ɾ޴ƻһˡ
ۺ磺ȥȥħ²ȥҲûá
ûŻش𣬡ħȥ
ۺתͨ
δҴ󽢵ĽţȴҲƾŶԴľ飬׵ҵ˼ʻյλá
췢˾ֱߵǰ£ָꡣ
վԱߣһְŲ̨ͼ˸꣬Զ
Ŀĵλ߾Ȼǻش
̺ʵǴԽٴԽС
ȻҲƣǾ鷳ˡ
诣ȥܶ࣬ҵϼңȻȥ׶ǣȻȥĿĵأҲ˳·
߿ɴҲ˳
˵溽С
诿Աߵĺ췢ˡ
ۺȻֱȥĳ̶ֳ˵Ǹ档
Ȼűɡ
诣е棬һɵ𣿵Ȼ㲻شԲ˵
Ͼе̽ˡ
ۺ񲢲⣬мͣһΡ
ǾҪָˡ
һء
˵
诶ˣ鲻ҵĴһȥ
ۺ΢΢ҡͷ
ֱµоƬϣȻźǰУִܶǡ
ҵڵĵط
Ҳϼҡ
诽׸ͣڿոۣԸԱǵԼһתƳۺһߣֵλϷ
ȻʻܹôλΨһһ󲿷ʱ򶼿еĵط
诣Ҫһȥ
ܾðʹԱǷһЩԾ
ֵཻ˸֦ܽܽתתȥϴǸ췢ˡ
ۺһԲվ
׸Żͣһɵķ
ҳƷλ״ǲ̫壬·һβƣҹƹ
诣㲻ûհɡ
ۺ磺Ҽձʮˡ
ˣϳϳ
ڳ￪ʵԼʻûʲôҪ
ܶ򣬳ｻͨϵͳԼأ󲿷ڣؾߵ·߶Ǳ滮õġ
ٶҲ޶һڡ
ֱԶʻģʽϼʻֻ𷢶Ϩˡ
뿪ոۣչĳС
ֵܶҹ
ֵĳﳵ֯ƻƺйƬƬĹʱʱл
ڳĵĻƽضΣһƬ峺羵˹ףһƬŽص԰֣ʮլӳС
ı֮һ
ǴСУֱӽռҵıͥԺ
ǰʧЩ䣬Ҳ벻κ¡
Ƭıûκδ顣
ĸ˶ûˣӶĳ˾԰ȵȶ½ؼˣֻʣ¹ܼҡ
ȻԼķռĸ˶ˣճǩĺͬ￴ŷӡ
˭
ܼǸݵˣΰ֣ЩƣҲò㣬λСλ
ĻȻסˡ
𣿡
ܼҿ¶̫ȷʵ
ռҵĳԱڶ࣬ΪճĹܼңڹҪҲһһסࡣ
ȷԼûǰˣԷúϤ
ǾĳˣӲҪ˵Ļռҵĺܶˣôơ
ǵġ
˵﹤ˣ
ˡ
ܼҴ
˵һ㶡
ղƺǲ˼ͻش˶Է
֪滰ǶԷӦûмԼѪԵϵĸĸҲЩıûʲôϵ
诣ðɣܲ鷳һ¡
ܼ㶵صͷ
诣кճռҵˣ𣿡
ռһԱס򣬲һЩ˺ճԹϵáճﲻͶϾġ
ܼٴεͷΪʲôأ
诳һǰɡĶҹ
ܼң
ճһ˵ܼҺ͹˾ԱҲûʲôȻܵıֶŮ¡
Ǻ̸ʱȴҲᵽ֡
ܼңֶŮ
诣ȫµˡ
ܼң
ƽؿ
ȥ졣
ܼæˡ
СʱͥԺﲻ䣬ռҵҲ½½
ǿű˴ɻ𾪵ԼյϢ²١
ճһҵҶţʧ䲻֮⣬Ȼûˡ
诣
Ǵ󲮵Ů˵ڰ𡭡
˵ڰǵ˹Ӷ
˵˻ཻ˱
ȻճĹ˾ɷݡɴԼⶰӺҵһʲƲ
ȻûЩǱضܷһġ
ǸԳ诵ˣģҲǸӰСƨʸ
ȻҲʮ˾ˣҲֻǹƨİӰˡ
οСڻǼڰǵӶ϶ǸֻɱɱĴ
ôȻˣ
Ҳʶ鲻Ծĵط
ôôɣ
Ǳ߸ոû죬Щ˻ͼϵʧٵճ课ͺȻˣ
һ˵һǰߣЩǰܵͥԺ̤˿ݻ
Ҿ߰趼ŲˣΨмɳи˿棬ͷùԷϢ
˴īҿȫ
ȻɵĺڷԼͦı
ôϤ
Ϊ˼Ƶĳࡣ
һ˽ţһֿ¥Ӱĺ췢ˡ
˲ˣ췢һ㰵ɫӢŹԵø䡣
ҲܿӺܸߣһĸߣҼȳѡ
ü˶ȥ
ȡ
һ
Ҫﶼˣ
̧ͷ˿ǣֿ˿ԱߵĹܼҡ
߲źۼص˵ͷ
ˡ
诹صֱߵͶӰڡ
ȫ˵ע
˶ﰵ
ܿ죬ǵó˽ۣȷʵǸûʲôİǹӶ
ſһƽ࣬һָƺһڵϣһֱŲɳԵ
ȫһûӡ
ȻǶ֪ڰǻ켣ҲҪЩ¡
ǰļߣϱҵСүǣбµĲĸǹؾء̬ŵģ
ϸֳм֮ɫ
ȻǰҰˡ
˴ˣûء
ϾǰģطȱľԸʶŮˡ
ˣʮߣʮˣǸߡ
ߵҸѵ
ԽԽָ࣬ҪһСǡ
δ䣬һɭ̹ǵĺȻϯ
·϶ĺ紩Ķ˶̲ס˸
ЩָȻֹ
ڳռҵĳԱûħ
Ҳûܿڰ׵ƮڰУһһǵ塣
ҡҡλε޷վȡ
Ǹո˵ˣֱӹſ˵ϡ
ð
ЦӯӯؿڣȻվţǾ͹Űɡ


105 
亹乵عڵϡ
ߵ
ûԪܵ, ޷Կֹѹ
ȫž
ʶӶԼǵˡ
¿ߣҲܸܵǵĶ񺮣ͬܵ, ƤѪ֮С
пгӯϢѹȸС
һʱû˵ˣֻĿ⾪ؿмĹӶ
Ǹ췢˵һԶһжûϵ
ƺҲûӦߵĳ֡
课ı²Ӧú޸ܣֻǸӦҲ, ȥħ鿴ʲô
һ, ؿЩηˡ
ԭ, Щ˻ữɶħδӾĥŰԼ
ݸ߹, Իֱǵͬ, ԶڳӸµ̬, Ǵ
ȻճＸ֮, ĶֵˣѾ˰ǡ
ʣЩҲһˡ
ӦҲЩû¼ԭŮ־·˼ס
Ҳû׼Ƕˡ
ǵ˵û壬һܳΪˡ
ˡ
ջע, , ҽһ, , ѪԵ˵, ǡ˿غճԵŮ
ͣһ£̥, ȥ233, һЩԳռҵ, ģ£ա
̵صЩ֡
诣Щɻˣԣ뱨ľڳɡ
ȻɱҶӣ
һŭ˳ƾոֳһź⣬ˣȥɣ
ȻӶԼƥеˡ
Ȼɥӵķŭվսʤη壬˻ǳ
ԭûκζ
ؿһĻ
ЩΪɵˣЩϣôϧǡ
Ǹ˸ܳδ뵽ǰ֮ڣκȻһ١
Ȼ屻гʮΡ
ŨҵѪϢʱ䡣
ܼҴæȥǣַ˻ЩζֱܿųҲʰøɸɾ
诣𣿡

ղǸ߲Ǹ֣ǵʵҲǰţֻһضǡ
ûж
С
ȺиŮ˵ǶͶһȥˣǼ㱨ɡ
ĸԱ߳һ
ŮȻ⣬תͷС͸˵ʲôǺû𣬵Ķǿһ㶼ûֵ
Աߵ˼õ㣬޲øϽߣҲ˵ʲô
Ҳˡ
֮ǰճһˣĵ˵ӦǶˡ
ôɱˡ
и˽
¼ġ
ʼ磬Ҳѡҡ
ֹ
诣ȥھȥҡ
죬ȻԴ˵
߱ҲûжôܵĹϵֵûȥԼܲ߳š
ʣµĶû뱨˰ɡ
˵ǾͺðˣţҸĸ
ݻġ
Ϊ˷ֹ⣬Ǯ˶ǰڹ֤󱸰
ȻҲЩŲ£Ʃճġ
ѪԵϵĸĸȷʵ˵ҪһŮŮѾڣȫףƶƫԶϵĺǡ
ճ¸ԱٽѰֶŮΪ֮Ų絽Լ
ռҲδز֪˷һ˼ɵҺǺˡ
诣ʲôҲ˵ˣ֮ףһᰴǵԸһжˡ
ٴγ
ʲôǸ֪
𣿣
ǿ־ҽ˵̫
ô֤诡
վ
ɲǼ侲ֹ
ʵ֤ݺףΪϵĹ񣬾ͱ¼뵽ݿֻҪԱһ¾С
诣Ҳ֤Լ
ƮƮ˵ţɨЩߺ޵ףһӡ
˶Լͬغˡ
ˤڵϡ
Ȼó֮ǰǹ
ȻûС
ֻǽһƾȡ˵ϡ
Ѫܵͷ
ĿĲҰס

икСηץסԱĸ׵֡
ЩҲ׷ױɫٴ̲סˡ
诣ߣܿա˹ֵָӹ֮һ֮ǰɱҵĸĸ
ռЩѾ˵ſڡ
ÿ˶뾡ԶǿԴ
诺ֽܿǿԴһҪȥͣԣǿˡ
ֻΪ˵ͨͣҲδ롣
诽Դӽռ䡣
ת߹ȥۺ硣
췢Լ˳ǣվ
˾ֱ߳š
æ·
û˭ǵǰ棬˶ʶͷֱ
ǽйǸһ˼շշɴȥʱ򣬱ҡ
˵ȻҶû飬ôˡ
޻˵Ҳұ粵ֻϷﳤȥ

Ϲ
һĿռվڲ
زкʩѾϣʦվͨѶſڼҵš
𣿡
˵ͳɤ
ʦǷ׷̧ͷŹǰĸߴӰ
мȫ𻵡
иʦյ˵ԭϵĻվҲƻˣҪؽȻǲġ
һ˵һСؿ˵顣
ڷû䣬ϲŭ
Ǹ
һʦЩε˵ǣǰŵ¡

תˡ
վڴſڣˡ
˾ۼڴ˵Լôжˣ󲿷˶ᣬŲʮӡ
Ҳٲּߵľ٣һЩ
󲿷˶˵еĳȺӯӵԼѻˡ
ȫǹٽӵĳԱԭɢڰϵĸ
Ϊħڣ˴޷þѰΧơ
ƩҪ뿪ĳһħˣֻ۷
пռ˵ǿжȻ̫ˣױħ˶ϡ
ǰǵĽһˡ
һ֮ȴܵνƣԼҪ뿪ֻٽʧ֮
һʧ֮ʱͻú˵ٳѾǼ֮
ʱ뷨
ЩʿƺͼԸ˵Լǹʦ˵ϻĽӳԱ
ܹˣһӣҲ˽ͧͨѶʦС顣
˱ʾصϣǿԳȥ޸ռվ豸
ֱӽˡ
Щ˶Ȼ޷ǾԪܵĶײ
˷ǣʹعϣԼļƻȻвͨ
Զ봫ԵִκεĵطȻǱǿռ۵ѹҪһ·λ
İ򣬹֪ĸ塣
Щ˵˵Χ֮ħǵķ

･
ԭ˵Ǳ죬ﰵǸվſڵˡ
Ǹڷ۵ˣ˶ۼһ𣬴
ǲǴģҲָ֪ͨѶ֮⻹ʲôĿġ
ǣǶǵãħ֮󣬰ϵħ˾Ͷˣ˷ӿǡ
ȻҲֻ̧̧֣գ֮䣬ǧټƵħ˾ͻҷ
صļһ赭дѴ֮أħ޷ԭƬ
򵥡
¡
иξεľ߹ȥǴʥ
ɿһۣΪʲôôʣ
ΪǼԳʥˡ
˴ǸһʣȻ뿪ˡ
ɣô뿪ģ
ʧԭء
ɣ
ǿҲǽʧ֮ˡ
Ȼǰܹħ˽ֻǲûҪװЩˡ
ˣҪСЩ
һξǰѵܻħˡ
˵¶һЦҵڵĽӾݻˣֻüѶ
ΧľɫʱѿʿǸ۷׷ס
ʶ˵սʱڵ£ǴŷڼʮǰǶԣҲֻǼǰ

Ǹξ֯ŴǣҪܿ
ɺȻһ˵ϡ
ΧǷ׷˿ȻǸ壬ɾ
һűԴòͷǣɫ˳Уϼ
ħˡ
ֻּǿħˣŻֿĳ࣡
ǲ˼̧ͷ
ɱ𣿡


106 
ຣǹ
ڷɴԶ׶, Щп
һų籦ʯǣڱĴ
ԶУǧռվǺƽ̨ơ
ĳຣ, ΪѪɫ飬ʥ֮ľó֮һϵ
ǵһǣ̫
ҪִĿĵصʱ, 诸鷢Ϣ
׶ǹΧ̫ս, Ҳܼ, ӰĹպ
ֻҪͨ飬ƽϽ䡣
, ΪܵĿ, Щ̱ࡣ
ͨο˵ＸСʱİУʱ, ̵ʮӡ
Ȼȥķɴ̶Գױʡԡ
ֻ诲̫ôԸ⿪ԼĴó, Ҳһȴʱ䡣
ڣҪ´ֻǿŴͨһָĿռվ, Ǿ޴ɨֻм䴩
Ǵӵ֡Ҫųӵļ, տյ, ǰֻҷɴ
ǳβȸA1콢, Ǿ˰ɡ
诿ϴĴ
ȷʵ
ش, ǰĴֻҮⷽ, Ǹ൱ȵղؼҡ
ߵĴͨٶȺܿ, ɨĻͨҴ, ȫʱҲֻһҡ
˳㿴˿ԼĴҲǸ󽢰ɣ3ҿϵղؼͦడ
ͣ棬ƵǹŶƫƫȻ󣬿֪ڵҲۡ
ЦһӦҸ׵ĴȤĻǺԸڴд
ͣһ£Ȼʱʱ򡣡
⻰˵ȫû⣬дʹ󽢵һƵ꣬ŶȻڻ¡
诣Щ˲μİɣ
Ҫȥá
˵Ȼ󲿷ʱԶȫϢ飬ҲҪλᡣ
ȫܣҲûʲôεġ
飺ϣǲᡪ
诣ϣԽԽá
Ҳ⡣
ּĸ֣ҲֻΪǿߵĹ£ġ
ȨȨвƸ۱ͷٷֻΪһ桪Կ¶ûʲô塣
ϾĻԵõǸߵĲƸλ
ɴͨռվļ󣬾ͱһͨԴֱͨڲ
诿Ű׸ƽǰС
Զǿս
ʼչĹԼֵĴƬȺ
ָ䣬żзɴ䡣
ϵĳΪңԶģֱƵڱΣЩУ·ֻһƬٵͼ
׶սȺߵʹĹۡʹãͬʯУƺƵʮ
ȺǹͬһƬȺϷ
ķģװõ֧£и߲ʵʥһ㣬ϵһи
Ҳ˸ͷӵµȺ
ӵͣϢ֮󣬰׸źܿ콵Ŀո
Ŀո۽һͣ˽˴һɿǵݡ
ո඼Ԩգ·żдͷҲСϡ
ΪϹֻһˣҲΪϵ˶¶ûȤԲͬԭ򣬵ȷʵûȥ˼
诹˴һݻҫ۵
ڳȺţЦӯӯ˸к
١
Ҳص˵ͷķɴͦ࣬ϵϰˡ
Ѹӹո۵;УֵͣǵĴڸĤ֮ڡ
Ȼǹ˽ղء
Ȼ⻰ʵе۵㣬Ϊϸ˵ԼҲˣҲǵһˡ
Ȼû²˵⣬ֻ΢Цһ£Ȥ
Ҿǿһ¡
ҡҡͷϲԼĴδǣţȼյĺ챦ʯţ
һ¡
Ȼ֪Ǵ¶ȡ˹ͨݡ
д˵¶ԼĴָ߼۽챦ʯ˻ȥ
Ǵţ˭Ҳ֪١
Ȼ¼֮һԼǰְҵѹ˰վûн˵ڡ

ʶ׸ŻڵͿᡣ
ǿйЧȫ֮󣬼ֱͬİӡ

õؿԼϵı飬ҪԱ𣿡
⵱Ȼ̷ֻʡ
һβȺǹ½壬ǳбҪ²أҲԱ֤Ūƺ
˵ʵν
Թֱοˡ
ð
诵Ǵҿ
诽ϵϢɨһ飬ÿֵ㿪ȫϢӰѾϸܡ
诣ֻЩʮһΪһѣţ׹֮ġ
飺
㿴ȥҲϲ˰
ûн²˵ȷʵԱµ׼塣
Ľдӹһխˮš
ÿһ·һ״ƽ̨ΪսǣǰضŸι
Щ͸Ĳ壬û˿ƴӵķ϶ȥ⻬ƽںǹҫ˸߲ʻâ
˵ҹҲᷢ⡣
վڵϣͻƲȺǡ
һӺǵִĿĵء
Ǿǻ֮ˡ
޴νλȺǵм䡣
⻬ƽȻĳֻľʯ죬ͬ㵹ӳεĻԼ۴αȵĹ
涼ûţȫȫڸ߿УΧһɫĹȦ
ЩȦǳǳĵİɫɣסҰס̰סססȻ󲻶ҵ߮ζ֯һƬʵĹҡҷˮʸС
էһⶫ͹ûʲôϵеƼݵĻ硣
ͣڻ֮ǰȴûн䡣
诣
⻹вİ׵ľأôͲˣ
Ĺأ˹±˵ݣκؾ߶֮ܿڡ
˳ţҲǲˡ
һ㶣۾˵Ǹ˼𣿡
΢Цŵͷ߳ߡ
ôһ㿼飬ͨˣҲ㲻϶ô߳
վ
̾˿ǿߣⷽı׼ȻҲߡ
诣
ʱҲƵĸܡ
诣лˡ
˵˻һ׹⼤ֱǰĹ
һ֮ڣǿƽ޷ǽٿȻ򿪣۵¶һƬͨڿռ䡣
˳ײ˽ȥɢѵĵУ˵ϡ
õ񷶥ģɫҹգңԶɳӣһֺɫ²Ʋ
诵ͷ
ʵɫˮĻÿһ߶ӦȻȦȦ
·ྡɫʰ쵵ֲһֱһֺѾǱΣ֣ޱ޼ʵԶţǵصسӯ

л԰֮ˡ
ôš
ͷֱߵһƬ滨
ǿȥǹľһһżһ𣬰ɫҶƬïʢɫſȼų⣬˿˿ƵĹزţǱи
ֲҪΪ̡
һ껨װãںпλ
ϿĶ
฻ۣ˶Ϊȥ͸ˣ첱Ӵ֡
ȥоָ⴫΢Ĵʹ
Ҳɢֲӵ㡣
˵ô໨Ļϣζ֣һˮƿӡ
ȻʹߣŵϢȻû˿ʸС
Լȫëš
Ѹٷһְȵƽ΢õ״̬
һᵽⷽôˡ
ҪſƾԶ΢ĽŲ˵ԼҺ㵹뱭е춯
ػӰ֮Ум¶ͥԺлζӰΧϸ˵
ǽ̸ڲиƱײ
һж΢ɲ飬Ѱ˸
֮⣬ǵĺҲƳƽȣ£κζϢûκα仯
诺ȻúȤ
ֱǰߣ̺Ļм俴žƱˡ
Żԣٱʾ⣬ûйͣҲûóĿȥһ챬䡣
诲⡣
ܵǵľ
ⷽóȻһ֪ǶԼĻɵġ
˵ηҲΪ
Ȼ֪Լ˭
诽Ųͣؼǰߣ·滨ԽԽ࣬ݱȼյġҵĻ𺣡
ǰïʢѩһһҵţƵ֦˹ţͨһʯͤ
˽ȥ
ͤ߷գǽһĻ輸һȫϢͶӰ
и˱ĿɳϣϥϷһһݰ塣
һ֧ڶͷϣһִɳϣͶӰ£ۿµĺɫǴࡣ
˵ķ˿ɫҫ·µڽƤȴ԰׵ѩѪɫ
ߴűĸ̣ȥɣͬɫıʯҲϣĵ÷ɫԽס
˿ŸЩȻǰ볨ĳȴ¶һƬǿ׳š
诣ʲô˯˵Ƭ𣿡
Էû˯ţҲεĿԡ
ţ
ûֻۣ΢΢ǣ氮֮𣿡


107 
鸴ӵ̾˿, Ųɵ߽ȥϢ֡
ָⴥɵĽ𷢣Ӵķ˿䴩, ɢĹ⻬԰׵Ƥ
ϹȻ˫ĿƺЩƣӣ̵Ľɫ𰲾شţڱʱҲû˿ζ
ʵ, Щʲô
һ˲, 诶, ԼȻħʲôӦ
Ͼּĸ, ֻħӰ, ܵ˺ζˡ
Ȼ㲻Ҫˡ
诸ս, ϲһУԼڵķΧԡ
ͷڹĶ, Ȼֱ
ϲ𣿡
̧ͷ˼ؿ˹
ǳŨܵĽɫ£һ˫ɫǳ
˵Ҳ̫ȷ
ɫϡ, ż
ڵƹֳһָӵġƵ, Ƕѩɭ, е, 
诲ɶ࿴ۡ
诣ǰ, ϲĹҲԸǮʦŶ, Ϊ޽Ǳ֮ġ
ʵ⻰Ҳôһ˵
ͦϲסڷɴ, ȥǾȥ, ͣһطôȤ
Ȼǵ㹻ϸ߿Ƽ豸һЩܣҲļɭֲԭɽȻ羰
Ҳˡ
ȺǹģԼġ
Ȥؿô룬Ҳ԰һ
诣
ֲ⹬ԲľǷģԶԶһѻľ򼸺嶼ûС
ġ
ȵȡ

诣רҵ𣿡
Ͱƥ˹Щξ㣬Щ˶Ŀһµ״
课ãĴѧרҵⷽصģǱص˵Ҳøǿҵ
ҵమá
һ֧࣬һֽϵݰӵһߣûϹѧ
诣
һͷʺš
֮ľӪʮ꣬˺ȨƵλ
֮ǰҲƸĵ壬аٶʷˡ
ˣôûϹѧ
תһ룬˿֮⣬ͬݶħսˣ˵ӹһûսֻΪСѧ͡
˵ĻϹСѧɣ
ûսͽˣѧУҲѸؿǻӦҲֻʮꣿ
诣ðɡҲûС
ؿһۣΪʲô𣿡
ʲô
ΪʲôûϹѧ
诣ǵļĹ£Ҿ˰̣ٲỽʲôֵļ䡣
أ
ĵ˵ʹҲģҲû취ܲΪһ仰ͺ
ƴ˵ǻġ
ຣǻĻľܲҴ棬ȫ˵ˡ
Բ򲻵ѣϹκһǿﶯ䡣
诣Һ£ⲻҪ
Ϊ֪
һϷ˸Ϣڹص
б£ΪʲôһЩأ
̾˿£ΪʲôҪ£
΢΢üôˣ
诣ȫҪûϹѧ㻹˵ˣȻϣһЩܻð⡣
ͣһ£ҴһѹϵĹ
Ⱥǹ
׶ǵľҲֻһ㣬ⴣе
ֻݿĻ֮ɸѡ׼Ա
Ƿлߴ򣬿ҲֻмԪߣԪ״̬´߿׵ľ롣
诣Ǹǳˡ
΢ЦſһۣǶ۷ǳһ
Ҳѡȥ
诣аɡ
ת뵽ԼԣԼ˵ЩĻЩܻð⡣
诣ϾһУҾǸˡ𣿡
̸ϣݴʡ
˵֪һ˱һֱֵػš
һǸʵˣ
诽ӿڵҲûɹ⣬¡
ֿһۣά櫡Ķӡ
诣Ϊȫ˶֪¡
ҲһͨǵĶӡ
档
ɾǾˡ
ȵȡ
诺Ȼ̶һЩڿЩĻָ
Ѹͷϱ鵹ûʲô仯
ƺҲָʲôŵķӦֻԶЩýɽɽֲԹԵؼ˵
ҵĸ׺ɷ鲻ϣͣǸ󲿷ֶ飬׼С
˵ǸˣҲС
诣ס
˽˵ĻǾͲ˵ˡ
诣Ҳ֪ôĲںЩҳ̵£˵ʵʲôϵÿļ˶ὲһ𣿡
ֹͣ˻ЩؿΪļ𣿡
գգۣҲ֪û𣿡
ҲΪԸΪһʵǿ˹
ƶ˵ǻΪһˣ¼Ŀȴ󡣡
诣
ǾԼҲռΪ
ЩֻǼҳ̡
ƺݺȤ뽫½ԭҾ;ķӦͱ˲һ
ΪҲΪ㹤ЩӦͬ˺뷨ͬ
ٴ̾Ϣ£㶼Ѿǵĸˣǻô˵ģӢ۲ʳ¶Ǹǵ
֪ľΪǵǰʲô𣿡
ǣңûκ֮
诣Ƕˣⲻҵ˼ǣЩǹȥˣΪʲôں
ں
̹Ȼ˵ɱл˵ĵ֮Ȼں
诣ȻǶˣʣµľԼˡ
ÿɷ
ԼĻ̲סҡҡͷͨ͵һμô˵⡣
û
ϹЦҵĴҲ˵ЩȤ飬ЩȤİɡ
诳һ
һ⣬ںȻˡ
ӶϣֱߵȫϢ˸˸Ȼܿ춼Զصˡ
˻δڿеСȣʶһн̵𣿡
Ȥϲʶֶû˵ˣ
Ǹ
课֣һ⡣
Ȼͷ
Ĭ˼ӣ㿴Щˣ𡣡
ʣЩˣ
ЩҪôΪҪôΪǿң޷ԼҪһС޷Լӵһеˡ
ͣһ£Ҳ𣿡
һ˲䣬ϹٿȻ仯Ǳѿ¶ĳγαˮ
˵ϲûǷŭֻǶ˼ʵ仯
һ΢͵֣ס˹ӶСȡ
Ȼֱӽ˳˹

ǽӶϥš
ȻڿšֱȣƮƮ˹Աߡ
һ翿һ״޼䡣
лŹӶСȣָļ⡣
ǹĽ价һ׽ӣ֦ҶȦף˴СС꣬ǶһſѪʯʵĺɫĵ÷ɫԽ𪡣
һӾ㹻һеˡ
Ҳò˵еĲ̫һ¡
Цӯӯؿƺǳɣ㶼š
ȻΪ
ڿӦܿĽǶȣζһһ͵Ĵ룬չͬؽĲʳߣצͶӰ
ڵƬϣͬЫβ̣ļˣָϹǿżֵǵͷ
ͬʱмԲġ˵۾ءӲͬλĿꡣ
ȴδ
ֵȻܵûмħĴָԼԿǣҲûмֲֻԸɺ;λá
ȻԣҲ㲻
ʹǱħϮԪܶˣҲħ
Գһ˲䱻鵽޷ԭĵز򶼺ûʲôϵ
Ȼ˫
ǱҪǶֵط
˶ԣ޾ĲƸϵȨָˣһж˵ֿɵã㻹ǡ
Ҳôá
Щش͸гһЩţƩ˵ЩͽҺüˣҲǶҶôҲ㡮ֿɵá
ʵ֪Է֮⣬ԼشҲе㳶
ϹЦЦؿ仰һ˼

ζ˵ԣλǧڵС㣬㿴۶ٵأڵģʮڵģ
ҲˣקקԷڣָƬǿ׳ţԸȤĻʮҲû⡣
𡣡
Цһץסؿڻȥ󣬽˳Լ
˵ܵõܵõ
ȵȡ
һְ˳ǿؿڣ˳ִһѣ˵Ĳ㡣

գգۣ˵˵ǾǸˡ
ʮڡ
Ϲ˵ͽ
Ҳʹɡ˹ͨһģһ
Ȼһһǡ

ΪĻ
Ȼ⻰Ｘ漸ּ٣ֻԼˡ
ǡ
Ϲͷҧס˹ӶĴ˺һƬõĻ꣬ף³ˡ


108 
诳һָ𴼺ִɬ̲ζ
ڵ˲ɢıɱ, ʱһãһ˿ڿǻӿ
ʶ̧һְֻס˶ԷĺԣܵɵĽָĦֻ䡣
һֻק½, ָ˳Žʵǿ׳ļϣȻ͵ر˿ס
ƺЩꡣ
ԭȾͲ̫ǣܿͱһ˺ҧҶӶԷмȡʲô
ǼҪ߱˴˿еÿһ, ˴˹Ե, ˻ݵĵжζ
诸ܵһĽëɨ, ƮƮһƬƬë
һƬõĽ֮£˫, Żɬķ籩Աʶŭ⡢һ޹ص
ΪԼӵжĿ
Ƿֿˡ
, ԭˣ
ЩЦ˵, ˵ĳЩҵĳЩٶиоˣ
һ˵һ߽Ʋ
˼ҵһʱ, Ȼźƽȵ״̬
΢΢𴽽ǣ㲻ˣ
û
˼ضұΪǼɫء
ϹЦһ, ֻöԷں, ֪Ĺȥ, Ӷ
֪˵Լĳ, ԼĸԼһ׾
诣أҡ
ɱĳˡ
һ֧, ̹¶ŴƬţΪһ, ΪҲôġ
ͣһ, ȻҷҲһ, ЩƵĵط
ǵһУ𣿵ᱻĹȥĥᱻ޵ļ
ָ̧ϹӶգһ˲䣬Ҽ㡣
ðɡ
ˡ
ӵһе˵ĽǶȿǶΪǵԼʵݣЩҲǡ
ӦŸĸɱԼһƸλ֮ıᡪĳޡ
̾˿
Ȼ˵Ƕֶġ
ޱ̧֣ҲڶԷһѣ²ôģΪʲôûܾ㣿
Ǽɫ𣿡
ۡ
ЦǣȵȣʵҲࣿ
˼˼ӣȻ΢˻䣬ܾǰұ˹˰ͣȻҲ֪Ĵڡ
ǼͽҾͿ㡣
诳˳ڣں¶΢Цʱư㲹һ䣬Ȼкͬͽ𣬵Ǳһǵλ

ȥѾȫƽˡ
Һܾǰ֪㣬ֱҿʱȻҺԶԶ
ǰӢĽ𷢹
һƺ߶ߴĴžķ˿ڣѾɴֿɼĴˡ
˼
ôš
յ˶Է룬ֱﴩ󣬲ǶԷĶͷʱһкűġ
Ϊһиı̫ˡ
ǰһǸĹӶһ¶ȸɼܽͱɵĸ֡
ָıҲ
Ϊʵʵʵģ˿ȻܣֻżҲе㱣ѹ֮͸˷ܡ
ͬˮ¡ǳһˣҲҶĥ
ҹ尾ŵȴڶʱЩӰʱûһء
УҲûС
ȥϵʵһصġĿУǻڱȼ
ֻ˲֪
Ҷˡ
Ͷζ񣬡ҵһμΪɡе˷ܡ
¶һЦֱӽ˵øҲһμΪʶƲס°ġ
һ˼
ЦЦؿһۣҪƲסΪ㻹˵
԰
诱ֱۣǴʧʹʧһҴ
ǰߵȻǺܱȵġ

Ȼû볢ԡ
Ҳôһ˵ּĸ֣ͲһˣκοƲס
ԭֹսɢȥˡ
诣ô˵أ㲻üңҾľ϶ܺܶࡣ
Ǵĵôġ
ǿ˵˽ӵĳܾʱصĸ䣬뵽ЩҪࡣ
֪
һӣȷʵܡ
诣
ɳϣҹĻµǧĻ԰
˼ӣ̵ؿڵˡ
诣
ûпֻԹظǰ˵ĻΪǿ޷ԼӵһСոô˵ʱΪ֪ҵ¡
Щԩ治ǵ¶Ǹո֪ġ
ڿˡ
˵ͷ
Ȼû˵
ԡ
读عһǵĶԻȻѾð˴ˣҾΪһ䣬ʧȥʲô𣿡
Ȼ˿ҵǡ
Ǹ
ûʲôɱǸġ
˵
ðɡ
վҾٶһ䣬ȻûʲôϵΪԼЩûҲˡ
ͷûЩˡǿǹĹң˶һǵͳߵġ
̯֣ҿɴûκ˽˰ԺҲô
Ȼ㲻ҪȡκһһȨͱȻҲóе񡣡
ʾ⣬⣬߼˵ǲܵġʹħ˶ɱ꣬ڵԪƽ䣬Ҳ˶ʵ
请ǸǹӶǸ϶˵ʲô
Ҳһ¡
΢΢ͷ˵ĴЩǲǱѡ񡣡
诣𣿡
𣿡
ʵκһϵĹԭȵҼȥǵƾԼӶƸȻòƸȡλ
诣ǲ˵ȥãҲҪȥеգΪǵ֮ܣǵ;ҲܣĶȥĹУܻᱻ˶
̯֣ǹӶǹ϶˵ʲô
诣
ġ
诣ԣ㵱£ΪάһԶȶᣬǲȥƵ
ʵǡ
ͣһ£Ҳǵ
诣ţ
ҲߵԱߣһסļ򣬽棬ֻܵõʲô
ֻ˼滨Ļ
һ룬˽µĵٿȻߣһƽ̨ȻǾֱƶ
˲ʮ֮ľɫٿȻ仯
ԭģǿҹĻʧˣ͸ˮ񷶥޴ġİ칫ҡ
޴ȫϢͼͶӰ̨롣
ĳԳʮףռؽһǧƽס
ຣϵеǺšռվͨѶվȽһӵѲߺߣ̫еʯȺƶӷ籩ԼƵһж˺֡
֮⣬ǧƽ׵ľ޴ĵȫϢӰ񣬱ͶӰҸ˸
诣İ칫ң
ԱߵĹ΢΢ףȻߵ˷ıԵЩ͸Ĳǽֻһ֮ң
ãĸ߿գĽȺ䶼Զԡ貵Ĺԡ
Բڶտյ
ļ򣬡˻
ӣ课ͿԶһڵ㼱ٿȻڿһΧڣٶȻ
ͬʱǰһͶӰڣǸ˻Ӱ
˻ĪţȲѼ١
ţ˷ƺ޴ѹǼ¿ǽͬʱм伷ѹ
˻ѹñΣϷݡ·ϰҶۡ
ȻƬƬѷֱڹҲϡ־ܵԪ顣
ձƬ
说⡣
诣ұΪ֮Ķ뵽׷Χڣᱻɷѡ
û뵽Ĳǹֹĳͷ
ζ䴽ǣǾ̫ˣ𡣡
գգ۾ԣǸģ
һ
诣İĽ߿ŷɴôʹȻʬ޴棿
Ҳ֪İ汾
ָָ棬ɱ֣ߣмΪżˣҲ֡
ȻǶʲôˣ߼ʹ֪ҲûȤЩˡ
诣ðɡ
һУԼ￴һУ˵õĶһֻһ֡
Ҳٺ֮ǰĻˡ
ԼҲΪ˹Ȱ˵̲ġ
һ᲻ڣϣɵ۹һ֡
ǸûǸĳλ۹ߵ˽˵ϲ״ˡ
诣˵Ժֵġ˵˺ܻᴦ޵⣬һڴܳԵʲôĶء
ⳡЩĪ̸Ҳʹսᡣ
۶ԷǷ񻹴Լ˼课ԼҲǾܾˡ
˳ְһ˲ѣϣûиĺĺȥıʲôˡ
Щ־ڴ˻Ǹ˰ɡ
Ȼ
΢Цһ¡
λڶ˵İ칫Դ֣ǲ԰׵ƤǶһůɫԭľҲϢ
˫ǳɫƺٴ˪
߰ɡ
𷢵Ĺֻ֣ҪеģֻҪ㿪ڡ
诵ݳԼ֡
һ˲䣬ΪҪռ͵ʲôط
ȴֻǣߵһλվãȻٴ½䡣
»ص·Ļ԰ͷҲϡҹĻ
ȥλòͬǰ滨Ƶͤһ¶ĻͥԺ
м˵˵ЦЦʱ˹Ȼ׷񣬵ϥ¹
诣
ǵһοԼǰʽй
ȻҪΪ˹
ΪģΪ˱ҲΪֻܹš
ֻϰΪ¹ˣǺֵͷһûʲô
ǽҵĿˡ
˵
ָֻ˹Ӧе״̬Ȼ黹ºͣ˫̵ӵĮϣûκ¶
صĹǷ׷ȻƵк
Щ˿ŶʮµģֵöȻ˿н
ϲͬ졣
ſ֣ǲһ˵㲻˵Ļ
诣
Ȼǰͬ˱ҵóеľκˣ˵ʲǫֲ̂ʡ
诣ûС
Χļ˶Ŀ֮ǻȥ
ͷ룬ʵҲˣʵ֮󣬾Ҳѭ浸صˡ
Ͼؿƺ֪ġ
诣ֻǲϲԼӰЩҺ޹ϵˣܻᳰЦʲô׼򣬻ҽļô㡣
ΧǴ۵Сۡ
ݵ֮
Ҳ׼ô˵
Цһ˵㣬ʹЩǿˣҲȻǵԭ򡪡Щʧȥҵˣͱħˡ
˵ת뿪ˡ
诶ıӰ˼ӣȻת
ǺãʲôóԵĺƯĴѳԵ֣
Ŷ
ǰŮǷ׷׻ع񣬼̽ҽܡ
ȻͥԺġ
ʰ쵵ʳġװ㾫µİ̡۵ʺˮֲҶ
Щ͸װ¶ʪȸֵܵء
ǵ˵ʹʱپãȵĿڸҲᷢκα仯
Ȼ⻹Ҫġ
ǱΪż޵İͶ˹ߵĳ⡪
һָһ̼Ϊ۵˵ԵĻԻָʹĵ
诶Ҳӡ
ųһڳԵһڵİͶ˹߶԰ɣҳҾˡ
²˵ұģ˰춼ûԵʳ
ʲô
Աиʵ
诣ǵĹ
ΧĹǣ


109 
诳Եüˡ
ǰ, ǳѯʹ£ܲܰԼʳһݡ
ȻôһЦƵ˼ȴΪشӦ, 񻹺ڿôһ
ֱʾϲĻݣҲԾܴߣ͵ǸλС
Ȼ课ͷɵȥˣ˳㽫Сʳɴ, ˳һѱ·װá
˫̥Ե൱ġ
ܽܽõһ滨, ˵طŵ˲
ۺȻֱڼʻ, һжĮģҲϹ֮ĶԻ
ɴԽ, ׼ı߼ʱ, Լиͨ
û𡣡
诿ϴңԶСĿռվ, ٿŷĺ췢ˡ
Ȼ֪ۺҲһоƬ
֮ǰ﹤ĳռվǩ˺ͬԱ
ۺ磺Ǹݲˡ
诶ʱȻɱˡ
췢̾һ, λϣʱܷ
诱ΪԷӲ磬Щ, ֪Ѷʱ𣿡
Ҳǵһ˵⡣
ͿⲢʲô¡
ۺ΢ɲصͷ, иˡһֱ롣
ˡ
˱ȻѾ͸
Ǻܿͨ˱߼ٴν
һ¡
ڶħ
ŵĸ߲, , ɱ顣
ֻΪ˼޻˹ͨɱ, 课;ҽ֮λɵߺܵ͵ˡ
߸ûеߡ
Ϊǻܴʺţпǽڲ¡
Ī⵽͵Ϯ, ȻǶħˡ
ҪȽԱǰٺ, ϼҴڸϹȥ
ʱǴ, ܴһը
ҲиһĻŴԱǻ᲻ᱻ꼰㡣
ûɣ
诱Լ뷨
ȫͬˡ
ֵҲֻòһ䣬ּսԼﲻʲôæ
ܽܽȻ״⣬ӲֱӾܾ诡
Υ洬־£ΨһģŴ԰սĿ
ɨػʱԱϴ
ԡ
课бҪȫЩĵط
ڰǾסʱˣ򻷾ҪֻܵͣҪǱ䵽˷Ķ˵
ȥɡ
诣£߰ƥ˹Щطʶܵͣ˷ӻˡ
ǶԹ˿ڵҺҶУɱ˶
ôȷʵ׿гЧ
һ˵һ߿˿ͼǾƥ˹ȽϽ
ʵܺð졣
ܽܽ
ĳɳ̱໺ǵԻ·Ҳ̫һ
˵ʹȫˣҲδػкͳһ˼ά
Ѿоˡ
ֻܽܽҪԼ˷ӼŹߣֱ˾£Ͼܵõݡ
Ȼư١
ɲָıѺ
诲˲ߵ̡֪
ΪǺϰ⣬ͨרȦĴƬסء
ɭ֡֡ĵط
бߵΪͨᱻȥרľסء
ǲססĳУҲȫǡ
ֻڳסѸߣҲǷǮԾҪԼҹ׬Ǯˡ
ʵǰ͵ĵط
̾˿ʱûд󽢡
Ǽʻ߳ͨķɴ233ǾͲǼСʱˡ
ǿҪＸµó̡
ܽܽƶǶؿϲһ𡣡
Ҳǡ
΢Ц˵벻סиֲĵط㿴ġӾ硯ĸֻݡɫ
ʵ̫ȷⷽʲô뷨
еĻݣܾ͵ͬеĺӣǺԼƵͬĴڣ
˫˼ģʽһȻҲ̫׼
ܽܽκԥػشˣ롣
ȫ⣬ϾһὫԼĲģɭ֡
Ǿûˡ
诵˵ͷһʱ䣬һ㻹ȥʲôط
ܲҵħ½ҪҸطչ̻ǡ
֮ǰһȻӦԼս
֮Խɱħµȼǰ棬ҲΪڰʱܲٿرˣ˵
ֻҪͬâڱԻҪȽ
ۺҲˣܲܺ˵ȵɱҪȥ
ܽܽһϸϸ֦ס˴ָȥܶطˡ
գֻԲԲ峺Ĵ۾ҿЩͣŵĴɳӣѩбըǡ
һ¡
ʶԷ˵ǴſռվɳĮ˹ǡ
诣󲿷ʱڴϡ
ܽܽЩط䡣ЩطȡҲ
ڤ˼˼ӣ´һܿȥġ
Ȼ֦קקָԣܺ
û˵
ֳܽܽһЩܡ
诣
ܽܽЩ֯ԣһἫġȻҾͿ԰ˡ
诣ʵҲҲ㼫ֻǾǿô
ܽܽ
ı׼ûʮ궼˵
ʮСҲԱࡣ
ȻǿܻҪ漰ͬ˼ΪģʽͬϾ;ǺΧ¡
ܾԼûѹե֮ͯʲôѹС
ȻתԱ
ҲŬ
½׼ڡ
Ҳǡ
说
Ȼ˫̥ˣڴһֱ湤ǰ˹ͨ形ӵѹ£ԼأȴӲסİ׸š
诣ǲǷʲô
ΪҲһ
诣֮ҲҪѹ
Ϊ½ܱ仯Сǿ׽һʯߡ
Ǵܽܽƥ˹򣬴
½˵ʲôʱҪǣϵǾС
ǲû˵
ǾҲѹ
ļ򣬡Ҳǡʲô޷£ߵʲôˣ
ڰƥ˹ֵطӦûã
½̫ȷ˵
ûµȻá
ҲϣǸ£ԷһϾûаֻҪڣ̰۸ܣᡪ
ƲƲ죬鷳£ǵƼֵܡ
½ɵù𣿡
˫̥һһǡ
诣ڸɲԺҲɲʱ˵
ɴͣڰƥ˹ıԵһҿռվֱ
ҺһֱϵҲûʲôıʹա
Ѿأռվÿͨ϶ܿͬӰ
ȺУûʲôע
żһۣҲΪǲϻͷ򱳺֡
诿ǵıӰʧһתصͣԶԶͿ˾Ź׼ա
Ǻɽ
Ӳŵڴ˼һ𣬶ƽ̨ϵĴָָ㡣
诽ǰͿ˸αװģʽڴͿᱻȫϢͶӰԭɳ״̬
׸ŴڰϣȻѱҲ˭ҲŪ̫鷳
ڣֻܿαװĺɽգϵİ׸ˡ
诣һá
һֱӵסţеĻعͷʲôģ
诣㵲ҵ·ˣҪȥ
ǸЦһתһȦһ̯˼˵Ĵ֪ʲô𣿡
诣һΣÿ
ҾͲ
ְֱӵһߡ
˾һ㣬ץŲӶȥˤĵϡ

˲ŵ۾
ˤһӣƨ۵ҪȻվȻûˤϹͷġ
ԱߵŮ˸Ͻȥ
ΧҲˣǶؿǸڷˡ
ô˰
ùˡ
ֱѾ˵⡣
ΧٴһƬ
ߣ
һ룬ǹĻһƬңֻģĹȦȾȫӰ
ô£
Щ˾ȵؿԼĹԣֻ豸⡣
读عͷ
췢վڽӲžͷŷɴţؿ˹
Ŷ

诽Ų˹ȥ
һ˴ա
𣿡
ʵ
ۺ΢΢ͷ
档
֪Է͹йأԻɹг˶ӻв;
Ҳȥʡ
诣鷳ҿŵͼͨѶ𣬻뿪ҲС
ִ󽢵Ĳϵͳӣƽ̨Ҳ
һе㹻Ǻ
ۺڿ棬㴢ܲ
诣ȼ̫ˣһվ򡣡
ͷҲ̧ؼʣһμ鶯ʲôʱ򣿡
诣򴬵ʱ򣿡
ۺֱתȥ²װ塣
课ڼʻ￴ͼ
ڿտյ˸оࡣ
ԭʱԱǵĺ
ڣֻɨػڲͬػأĦŵذ͵̺

ۺ·ƺҲû
˰СʱƳӰζŻعͷ
ź췢һȳһյشӹͷԽԽ
ߵò첻ȵҲûôԣȻһۿͬ
һ֧°ͣ㡪
𡣡
ۺȿڡ
һ£ţ룿ǡ
ʵ֤м޵ġ
Լɥ־
ȥķ˾֪ˡ
Ǹڱ˵Ĵϣ˵Ҫÿսٻغϡ
ȻԼء
춼δһΡ
ʱ䵱ȻϤܡ
Ȼá
ۺ磺ֿܵʾ𣿡
ʵ̫ȴˡ
诣˵ħְʾ𣿲̫ܡ
ۺ΢΢ףǾѧ
诣ѧ
ҽ㡣


110 
Щȡ
ȫû뵽Է
Ͼڶڽϼ, ȥⶼܿ֡
绹ǵ˵оԷûʲôΪʦԡ
诣ԸĻҵȻû⣿
һ˵һ߻عɴ
ۺ簲ͨѶԱλ, ͷŲϸµϢ壬޳ָ·ɣռվ
ͷڵƹﷺĺ췢ԼĲ
һʱ뵽ԭ, ȻЩеû, Ҫһɵĳܼĵˡ
ϣԼⷽ©
ۺ磺ߡ
Ȼһֱ, Ҳţ̾˷ɴ
󽢴ƽ̨ڶ, ڽӲϵ·ǵľ, ͬãǿա
׸ŷһʱ, ͽƽԾǨ״ֱ̬һǺǰŻ
Ƭ򻷾Ƚȶûʲôֺ, Ҳûʲôǵս
˸ô֪ħģ
鱨
ۺԼ˵Ҳȷ
ðɡֻϣˡ
λ, Ȼ, һҲûϵ, ȵ, 鱨İɡ
, ۺķӦ൱ӣ˭
诣ۡ
̲סЦ, , 233ǡ
ۺ磺û֡
Ҳµ, ֪ҵ𡣡
ۺ磺š
ֵᣬ·𲻾Ӧһ
ĥΪ˵ѣ鲻ɴá
ɴԾǨ״̬ϴǿշ羰Ҳ˳ռͨҵĲӰģһŤεĹΡ
Щâ˸ţ͸ϴ˳ȵĺ췢䣬ֵ˫ɫС
ۺ΢΢ͷ𡣡
诣ðɣҲ˵ˣûҶԵطҲûϵ
ۺ磺
ⲻ˼
诣˵𣿡
ۺֳĬ˼ӣûû˵
诲΢΢۾
ȻʶⲻĳĶѣȫȫͬˡ
ͱ˵ĽУǱ˵ƫıﲻֱһԳ
ôţ˵ܡûԥͬҽ㡪ҡ
诶ˡ
ܺǺܶ࣬Ȼᴥÿ˱Ƚ˽ܵĶƩͼ䡣
诣˵ʵҲǺ˽㣬Ҳ˵ȫ㡣
ۺû˵
诣ڴʱ򶼱ȽϽСģʱ̣Ҳðյġ
̾˿
ʱ̶ٷְپ䱸һúۡǶЩкøеˣһһ̶ȵΣұƭˣǾ鷳ܡ
ܶ¶
ͷ͵ˣ׽κһӽˣҪɵԼˡ
诣ʵҲԿ
Щյؽ251ǿոĦ¡
诣ȻʱЩûó
Ʃߡ
ǶҲѶԷħ״̬
˹ͨߵǣһ˭ߣһ㱨˼Ϊйˣ˵Ĵ֣߸ɴжص㡣
궿ӡ
û˵ôࡣ
Ͷħ˺ɣҲۺǰ¶ߡ
ϴռҵʱѾùߣҲʱ׿û
Ͼֻȡûħȥ
Ҳνˣ˹ͨ嶼֪ˣҲһ
ȫûܻ䣬ϾǴһǣǶħʵֹˣôû⡣
ôţеۺĽħ״̬
诣ҷһûɱأǰɱ˸ǵǵûȫħأ
ۺ磺ɱ
üһ
Ǽ
诶ʱȥһѹڷϣֳڳһӡ
ۺ翴һۣ
ƺеԻ
诣ŶһΪҪ׼Ĺսˡ
ۺ磺ûʲôýġ
룬û𡣡
诣
ָĸɵǺ͸ɵû
诲Ȼ
ħʱܻ϶ⲫʹֶҲеãõĻԪܺ
ǵۺ͹йأܶԪܴʱӦǸԶ̲Ŷԡ
诣ԭҲǽսʦʧʧ
ۺ磺
췢ĬȻ˼ӣûҵͨ
诣
Ȼ
ͨбϵĿܶ࣬һһȥ϶Ҳǲסĳ˾Ͳͬˡ
ۺͨµʱһǴѧһǸʵҲ˼꣬ŶӢƯꡣ
诣Ҳһͼء
ۺһ£ʶ˵ʲôΪʲôҪͼ
诣Ϊ˧
ۺ磺
ٴνǸӦԲó̸ģʽ״̬ˡ
ҶˡͨЩ˶ӿսϰ߻ƫã˼ɣ
课ԼҲ㣬ɤӣԣǵĽѧչ
ۺҲʱ˳״ֿ̬ʾкܶ෽
Σ
ۺ磺ˡ
վȫԽѧרעܡȻƳȥ
诣
Ȼ̸е쳣
һεĲײ϶ͷܴ͸Ѫߣ΢硣
ỽʹҲ˸еԵĲʡ
ֻһֺܼ򵥺΢ĸо֪Ĵڡ
Ƴȥ
ʵ壡
˸ôã
ãȻһ˲Ȼֲܵʼǰƽ·ѾƤ˳ë­롣
ָоŪȫ顣
ľʵʻһյ״
诳˵һȥ
ųԼľƽʱĸ֪״̬һֲɢ̫Զ
ǾۼԼߣȻǸԲΣסԼԴ
ŽԷľƳȥ

Ȼĸܵںˡ
ó
˵
Ҳô̹
ۺ粢ʱʾⲻԴĽѧ
诣Ծ𣿡
췢˵ͷҡͷǵֿܵĻϰ
ðɡ
Ҳ⡣
ζ˸ղŵĸоȻʶһ£㱾þʲôҵ뷨
ۺ΢΢ͷ
˳˼Ҳ˶뷨ҵʱ޸оȫûֱġΪǲ̫󣿻Ϊʱ̶̫ͣ
ʵֻҲûָԱߵʱʦлش𣬵ۺ絹ǻһ䡰йϵ
״̬
˵ڵĳ̶ȣɢעܸܿо
е
ħóʹþܣֻһʤ
˵ͳӶϴ
̵ָͷʱϵĴУƬӰͶ䵽ǰڱ˰Ұ
վͷɻסԴָɾ̵ķ˿سԱߡ
һ¡
Ҫģֻ
͵
ʵô⣬Ҫ𣿡
һģһġ
࣬ȻڱߺļʻϣͱԼվֱʱһء
ۺ΢΢սʱܿƮµĺ췢Ա߻ȥ
诸оԼҲˡ
һ룬Ķͷһ΢Ĵʹ
ǰһĻĻ档
һƬǽѪȵĿռվѪӵһ·Ⱦ˾ˮء
Ȼ߱ڿеͷʬ壬ظȫʿʺ档
ִһƳ֮䣬ֿ˵ϵĲȱͷ­
ԴһŽɫĶ̷һǳɫĶ̷֮⣬Ҳ޷ԭĳˡ

ĬضڵϣҪȥǣָϱ鲼˺ѪգԼȥĿնѡ
һ̣ܵ˵Ӱˡ
е׹ѵĺ䣬Լʹľ
·綼ʧȥϣڰ
һõжȥ
ݵıͿᵽһķŭͽ꣬·ʲô궯
еǣеθҪ³ǻһУҪһС
Щʧˡ
ȫ񡣡
ۺջ۵
͵
ҪŻĸодڣȻؿʱȴԼûκβʡ
诱˱ۣҷˣҸûüṆֹֿ̀ܵģҷģ
ۺ粢ûзǵصͷ֪
诣
诣֪ʲô
֪ġҲǹġ
ƽ˵㱾Ҫѧڸֻֿܲ˵ľԣ
ֹ뻹ǾЩ죬֪һģ֪Ϊʲô𣿡
췢΢΢ͷ֪кøС
诣
ۺ磺Լ˵𣿡
诣ҡаɡ
Ҳûʲôɱ粵ġ
ɡ
ôţԴһʹ
ǰٴĻ棬ȻŵѪ⡣
Ǵ˷Ĳҽкʹ
վһΧǽ壬η
˵ڵϼţ˲̶ͬȵˣ
ٵǵˣ
иŮ˴еŹ
ˡ
һҲڴУѾϴֲˣǷǮǿԸ㡪
ΪǷ̫ȥǵģô׬Ǯ
Լû˵
һ˵Ĳӣһָ߸߾ǴȻеԵظһ
ֱߵĺɫڲӡ䣬Ĺ֬
Դ
Ϊ̫֮䴩Ȼҳְ͹ƽĽ档
ߵļ˻ߵشš
ļͬһɱҸĸʱЦñǴ
Լô˵
ͳơ
ʲôڲ顣
ЩѪ⻯ɵĻҽڼ

͵شһٴ˹
Ŵ󽢵ļʻգֻĸо
Ȼ񡣡
ۺ絭˵
诣ǸǸٸҼλᡪ
õǸ
췢üкܶᣬǵִĿĵ֮ǰ
诣ðɡ
ͣһ£ˣȱʼ
ۺЩɻؿһۡ
诣һȥĸĸڶȥֱ𡪡ЩȻʹǵĻҲϣټǡ
ǡ
ۺ絭˵һ̫ΣǶ˵͵Ӱûˡ
Ϊʲôһڼеʹࣿ

ĬƬ̣Ǵĸоɡ


111 
ھܵ, иָɵЧҲǧٹ֡
򵥵Ĵ߿ٵٿؼ˸Ƕħ, ȫĨȥһ˵ʶڣ֮ʬ⣬һֱӲٿȵȡ
ӵͶ˵߶治С
ЩĿʹöھĶϣ෴, ҪֿЩҲˡ
ʲô
课ȵط, ˵, еľܣҶͨǸֿҵľǸԲ, Ȼľơ
ۺ΢΢ͷ
ô򵥣
Щ㱵ؿ
, ϶²۶Է¿Լ
Ȼۺ粻µˡ
ǡ
ֹ
ȻȻʶһ¡
һͼȡ뷨, ȷʵɹֿˣϸ䣬ÿϸڶ
Ȼ, Щʱûо롪
ֻһ˲ͷʹ
֮͸ûеֿˡ
Ϊʲô
Ϊٶ̫죡
ҲΪûȫרע״̬
ܵʱѾˡ
˵, ͷʹһ˲ü, Ҫĵֿʱ, һӶʱԶԶ
ˡ
诣ԾܵĸߵͲЧ, Ҳڷٶ, У, ôݡǵ͵, öԷԸܵ
ЩȫĿ걾ľй, ԷԶԶǿ㣬һж״
ѶȾͺܵ͡
Ҳȫɵֿ
˵಻֮ǼʹһҲȫûлᡣ
ۺ磺֮ҪĲȫľ
ҲԼδʲô
ۺ磺ħ
һ㶡
԰
ոЩ״̬ħͿԽ
͵˿Ҳ˲ħİʾ
췢˳Ĭؿ
Ȼǿ϶ġ
üһ
ĦµİʾϢҲӰΪжҪϷвܹġ
ۺһּ߽磬һ߻ܰʾħ¡
诣˵ħóܣȷʵеֲˡ
ħӣԹֻ汾ĶħҲǺħȫʢ״̬ˡ
诣֪İ͡˭˭󣿡
ʵۺûڰбЩǰ˴ţЩָǼٵģЩûֻ֣ģ߸ɴûС
ۺ磺ȡǰ
诵ͷ
ûƶϳħľ䣬Ҳ֪ʲôʱ¶ˮ׼
ۺȻҲͼ
޷ǳ̵⣬ÿ˵ʱޣħڿܣڱķܾͻ㣬ûбǿ
Ҫ֪ܶڻ˵ɱܸߣƻ棬ԪܶԶԶȲϡ
ȥ
ۺ˵ֻҪ𱻵һʱŵ㹻ɱ
ʼ磬Ҳǡ
ԹǿԼĶҲֹһ˵¶֣˫ûɱģԼҲһˡ
ҪɱħջƴħƴԪܣһⷽơ
ͱŵۺܰʾҲᵢʱ䣬˵ħˡ
ƲսԣҪħɱܣֻҪܵ񹥻žħ
ҲҪȫħ
Ϊܲǹֻ࣬ҪħܴܵӰ졣
Ʃ簵ʾ᳹׷ϵҲ˳ݵļ硣
һЩӦٶ۵ĺ֢𲻶ϳʹĥʧȥж״̬Ͳһˡ
ۺ磺Ҫ£ȵֿʱ䣬ڼħ
ȥеһ٣Ϊħƺһ˲䡣
ħҲֻһ˲䡣
ۺ磺״̬£ʱĸҲ᲻ͬ
˵ٴְסĶͷ
Ѹٵ״̬۾ȥܣܿ־֡
ŵֿһ¡
ۺջ˾ù˶ã
诣룿
һ롣
诣
ٴˡ
Լרע״̬ǿľһӣӦˡ
鿪ʼȤˡ
ûʱȥϵͳľѧḶ́ʵҲͦȤġ
诣ԣʵǸЭḶ́Ӹ֪Է֣ٵֿٵħЩνӡ
ÿ趼Ȼȴδܳɡ
Ҫεķʵˡ
档
诣Ҳǻ԰ɣֻҪԺκξܣûˡ
ۺû˵ȻĬˡ
ǽһʱ֮ڣڷ鱻͵Ϯ
ۺ粢ûһֱЩȥļĥ
ֻʱֻǼ򵥵ȡʱǶݵĴߣʱǷ䡣
ΨһͬǣЩȫšħİʾ
诣
Ϊʲôǰ˵Լˡ
Ϊ־Ľ̫ǣ˽й¶ˡ
ʵûʲô²ñ֪˹δԼ¡
֪Ϊʲôϴζħļ䣬Ҳûп봩صϢ
ۺҲһġ
··ֻԼ֪˽ļ޷һ˿ġ
ֻܿĻϵԼԼӻ·ʼ֮顣
֡
ȻҲǺ¡
ܾʲô⣬Ҳ֪ôȥ̽Ѱɴȸòܡ
ͬЧľܣڷٶȺͱʱĸҲһ
Ȼһ󲿷ֹ诶ûӵֱС
Ȼҿʱ͵Ϯҡ
说Ϊ𺳣Ĳ𡣡
Ȼǿ˵
Ҳˡ
֮Դһ˿͵͵ϮԴԴϡ
ʲô
ŵʱ򣬵ͷɾʱ򣬵ظ̷Ϣʱ򣬵ڹ﷭ʳʱ򣬵ʼʳʱ򣬵ڼʻϴʱ򡪡
˲ʤö١
˿Ҳ;˥ˡ
ּĸ֣ѾҪ֤ÿ˯ߣƵƵ˯Ӱ콡
ֻǻץ
׻ԼӦѸ٣ⷽһЩ
ʱöħܵ϶ֺڲ
ٲ˵Թԡ
ֻԼûʱȥˣΪۺŲʲô⣬Ȼոһ͵Ϯ
ȻûãڵѾûȤȥˡ
죬Ѿҵоʱסľ롣
ȻǰٷְٶܷסҲԵĽ
ۺ粢Դ˷
ĲʱӲҲûʲôҪ˼
ħԽԽˡ
诵ͷţֻͷĨЩĵְԡ
¶ȿе֪иħ뿪ʥȻʱûֵ˾֪οЩǰȥ
Ǻ޲øǰɵħ˶ȡԪܣȻЩħĴܡ
ǣɱħ˵ߣվûôࡣ
ħ˳࣬δÿܱˡ
վħ˽Ϣء
#192ǳǴʮɥʮ#
תͲ²⣬ɽϢԽˡ
ϲûֱ˵ħˡ
ԭΪûĵħˣҲûлĿܱʾԼħˡ
Աʵǣԭ˳·̣Լˮ޷Ϩ䶳޷һ
ЩΪĳ̬ĻԪΪǸɱ˿
ԳҲǱһֶΣһÿ˶Եһ֣
ŲҪˣħˣħˣˣ˭û
¥ܱܲſڱտھħˣȥô꣬ÿ¾ıۣÿ궼СרҡħҪأֻ˼𣿡
ۼҵ
⻹ֻǸˡ
֪ңֱսʽĻʱ˶޷ӱࡣ
ٹһʱ䣬ҪٿˣϵͳȨߣڰƥ˹
ǿ϶ҲҪӦս
诲뵽ɡ
Ǽһ޶²׷ɱħ׷ʥȥ˰ɣ
ԭǲôİΣҲͷˡ
ϾԼһҪ
ĳ쵰ϻˡ
תһ¡
ͷһλϷĺ췢ˡ
磬һˣ˵ľһ򣬼裬ϣ̫ΧڣҪҡ
ۺ˵ͷһġ
Ȼʲôˣľȫ͸֮ǰħ
ħˣȫħˣȫκܵӰͿơ
Ҳʧڱ˵ܸ֪Χڡ
诲˵ǡɶԪҲкǿĸ֪ء
ۺ磺
Ĭ˼ӣǸһĹӶ
ȻΪʲô
ۺ磺㡣
诣
课ؿڵʱ̬ȲãҲΪҰɣҾΪΪܹ֣ϾֱӾȥɱ֣Ҫļ䡣
Ī£ǻ˭ܲ
ɱͲʲôƢˣһЩ˵ᱻˣļҷӦҲȫɡ
ȻʱʲôֵĶռᡣ
ܾŭҪԭ򣬻Լðˡ
ۺ磺Щ
诣
췢ü˼ӣܸܵ仯
ǶǾĸ֣¶ԷǿҲȫ޷֪Է
ۺ磺ƽֱҼ￴㣬ҺĽӴˡ
ƺ֯һ´ǣѡôһݡ


112 
ʥ
ǹ
Ϊ׶ֱϽҪԴ֮һ, ǹϣҲŸָ̫ս
ͨٵʵҺʹʹ룬ǧƶĽӲŽ֯һƬֺ
, һСǵľ޴ռվаϵĽģ鶼٣һ޷ֱԭò̫볾ͱһƮɢС
ָѾը÷, ĹҺ;סҲ˷档
Ψпոۻǿһȡ
, ոһĻϡ
ط˱һ޿ЦЦ
Ⱥﴩ, ĳ˵֣ԼѰҵ, Ǵӱ˿е֪ĳ˵Ѷ
Щط, Щسʹ

վԶһĻ
Ϲϵͨʩ޷޸, ȻԸðսʧ֮ΪǺܻܿʱࡣ
׼ֱӴʥԪܱϡ
ȻǰҪҵ߽硣
Ѱұ߽Ĺ, ·˺ǣԼʧ˷
ȻֽҲˣ˷˳, һЩõϢ
Ȼ, ʹٵ, ҲԴõһԼҪġ
޲ýЩħȫ, , ٵκħ˵Ķ
ǱȰǸ
ԼܱϣҲһЩٽӵĳԱ, Ҳֹٽ, ӵսԱ
߶ǧˡ
Ȼ, ǵ˱ʾʥʱձعˣеλö˱仯
Щ仯ǳϵġ
Ҳ˵ͼ̽һ֪λãڶˡ
ȥ֮ԪܱϣȻûܸĸߡ
ɣ
ɴ˼γԣԹΪλĿռ䷴۵ѹȴȻ߽硣
ָˡ
һҪЩħúܲҡ
Ļ
ȻԼĺϻˣҪֳ˵ʲô߻ôָ໰
ʵҶǹӶķӦҲࡣ
ûҪΪǰҲûʲô塣
˵
طսڼ˯ѵˣһЩˡ
ڣҪͷԪܣǿкʥ򣬻ҵЩħĵط
Ҳ˱¶
ڻûŪԼϵһЩ֮ǰɲ̫Ը
Ǳŵ˲ҾͿĵԭ򣬽ԼЩʿǣȫ۵һ
ӰϾµˣһԶ͵ͺϵطˡ
˿ոϵķڳ档
ڷ۵վԶޱ鿴һĻ˼ѾƮԶʮڹ֮⡣
¡
ֱм߽
ȻݣҲ֪һǿߡ
ǡ
֮⣬ǰҲвֵ֪ˣ³ȴ൱ҡ
ǲƽʱߵľǣһü˳۵ӣˡ
Ǽһǫ̬ͬǵָӹһ
ۿǵı֣˿Ϊ
ǰµ˵УиͼʹþΪɱֻ鿴ļ䣬Ū
ֱӱɣѪڵϣܿͽ״̬
а취˾
һ㶼ô
ˡð¡
һٽƷˣһָӵĿ⿴֪𣿡
Χ˸
ɿһۣʲôˣ
Ǹٽ̾˿ҵһѧãҲǿռǵ۾һģһ
ɣ
ӳؿƼֲʵδƻУȻҲĻṩǵĸϸϢ
ԼѪԵϵĸף˹ȡУǹٽӵУνָͧӹ٣ǿռࡣ
ͨ弶Ŀˡ
ȻǶͨ˵ġ硱Ե̸ϡ
ǰЩҲǹٽӵĳԱǱ˴˼ʶҲ
ɳĬӣУ
ȷԷ˵ǲ΢ĩĺĻһ䡣
ٽһ𣬡Ȼǿ˹ȵĺӣ
ȻٽӵĳԱߣ˼
һʱ˶۾¶̶ͬȵļ
мۺˣƺϾҪ޳
ʲô
и𣿡
˲֪˭ڱԱߵͬ»пա
˭
΢ʮŵָӣҪΪ㣬ǽˡ
УĶӣ
и˼شܹѵӪʱ̹٣Ҫǵﱣң綼ˣ磬Ҿ͸ˡ
ţ˹ֻҴ꣬ӿŶҲˣȻôꣿ
ڵְǰҲޱʮŷۣУҲȹҡ
ȿȡ
ǸٽɤӣΧĳƽϢˡ
ԡ
ɣи¡
ɣⲻҵա
ٽ˵Ǹ׼˵Լ֣Ҳûʣת˵У¡
˹ְܿΪɫܶߡ
ɰţҲҲͣƴճ˹ȵĹ
ǶŮĸʦסʥıǣбҵǺѧȻξ
Ϊܣ߾ĳͻشѲߣڼսͳΪУҵѲָӹ١
սٽʥ򼯽ᣬȻƬƬ
ħ˽ֵЩ
˹Ⱦһࡣ
λٽ̾һ΢һŵ΢ʮȫûоĸ׵Ĵ
Ȼ˵м壬ѯǷб
ɵǰЩ˵ľ
Էûж⣬ȷʵĹػм̽ζ
ϾǺͿ˹Ҳֻͬ£㲻ѣȻȥӤ˺ȻҲ֪ͨǡ
ӹҲֻüʱ䡣
Щ˲ɵľ䣬Ҳ޴Ӳ²Уǰ
Ȼ֪ĸ˭ҲӤĵļ¼鵽ġ
˵Щص㡣
ǵľˣҿȥǸʵɲ⡢Ƣֺĥļһ
Щ˱ֵüĳ̶ֳǽԼˡ
ЩʹЩ˼ЩˣȻҪһϵ׽
ηʵҲ⡢ǲᱻҵǿԸȻȥӰ
ֻ뽵Σճ̶ȡ

һ˲ܿ˵뷨
ֶϢᾪκˡ
֪ĥʲôֻЩЦ
ȻҲȫ⡣
ǰλٽҲȷʵ廳ȥѧãԸΪ֮Ӷི˹ǰ¡
Щʿûô뷨ֻǿɵ˼׽
ɵؿڣûȤʶǡ
˵мˡ
˹ȻЩñǺʲôϵ
ҲΪ⣬ϾոݣҲһ亮ѵĿ׻
мʹЩ˵֮⣬֪ھǣÿ˹ȺǵĹϵ˵¡
ɻһȦѶˣ
̻ش⡣
ͬʱж˴𰸵٣ȷûƭԼȻ˼Ԫľ١
ǡ
תȥ˿ո۵Ŀҡ
ҲһƬǽ壬ʩͣˣºͻеƬ
̨ǰλãɾֱ߹ȥ𵶵£˿ǰ⼸ˡ
ξĸУУԼղλ˵ٽ
ⷿﻹбλ
ȻǶʵʵվԭأû˸ðȻ¡
ɣǶ˹ֹһħˣһ˵ǿħˡ
ԪܲűȱҪࡣ
һ䣬ǻٴζǵ뷨
ֱӷȽ鷳˵֮Զ뵽صĻϢ
ѸЩ䣬ǿʼ˵ʱѾˡ
ǵıﶼߣҲֻǶû
иУ˵
ͣһ£Ǵħɱˡ
ħǵЩ˾ֳѪ⹩ͼħˣΪ˼ǵ
ħ˳ӵߵ壬ͿԪģ
ûпأƩһĻ߶ġ
ǲᷢʲô£ȷħ˲ǳԵһٷְٻµĿģ
Щ˱ɱˡ
˵ɱħˡ
һУ˵аħ𣿡
ЩڰǵĿħ˵ͷ­ֽ¸˺ϵˡ
ɿһۣ˼ǻ֣
˵˵ͷԡ
ħ˵̫ࡣ
սΪԪܵƻ̫Чܡ
һܻ򣬸οǽӡ
ħǿҲ٣νһһ
ǸУ̾˿ҵϼŵָӹ֮һɱһ׻ٵ壬ֱҲ鸴
Ȼµ·ˡ
˵˵Ųһ¡
ţļ￴ѤõĻ⡣
һƬҵȡ
Ϸ컨¶һѺۣɴ̵װױ˺ѣսѡ
ͨѶϵͳҲ׻ٵˣյָǳˣֻܸƾܡ
˻һ⣬ֱԪػ·
ռŤǿգʯͳ飬Ԫܽսѵɷĩ
ŵĺӰڱ˺ǵĹâӰԼֳ״ֵ
ɣǸħ
Уһ£ȻʶԼȡԺе뷨뵽Է磬ҲҶ˵ʲô
ǵģǵġ
Щη˵ƺΪľвɱǸˡˣЩûԪܵģˡ
ɣ
ǸħЩ졣
֡
ϴǸļǵӣûϤ
Ϊʲôλʶ


113 
诣
Ҳǡ
Ÿ˼Ӷ, ֵֹļ׷ķŭĸǮаզզأ̬˾޴ת䡣
ɸһеʱ, ϶Ҳˡ
¶˵ˡ
ֻҪѶԷɱ˻ߴ˾ͽ⣬ȥƽôࡣ
ǡ
ֱۺ￴ۺԼദ
鸴ӡ
ֿʼȷǶռѾǷ˼ˡ
ðɡ
̾˿˵ľ
ۺһԵš
诣, ˵, Ҳȷһᷢ, þһΧңҴ򲻹֮ǰ, ҿ϶Ҫ, , 𣿡
⻹ǸӦħ⡣
Ͼһ˽ħ״̬ԪܵĲȷħ״̬Ҫҡ
ûħԪܴܸо, ħ֮ˡ
ܡ
ۺԥػش
请Щ⡣
ô
ܽ𣿡
췢ٴס
ȥһǶûУƶ
ⷽ, ಻Ǻܴ, ѷɫһ, ȴֵаա
֪˲ֻ˵󻰵, ˫һ, ô
δ䣬һͷ, ȻһѼΡ
һɢȥ, ǰӵѪ, Ϻ񻹻صŲҽк
ۺ磺
诣ˡ
˼ѧ·ȥôô
Ȼʼ֮ܿá
ҪԴˡ
Сʱ󣬷ɴѾ߾
شħս֮׷׸ݶĵǳͻƵ
Ϊǵܶ࣬Ҳб߷ľЩطѲߣʱͬӪĽ˱˴ˣһԲϾͻɼܡ
诿˿ͼԤƴŻ·ִ̣ܵĿڵϵ
ԭŴ󽢲Ҫôʱ䡣
Ȼһ·ɹЩǺŶˣпռվǵƻȼͶѹδ
ǻǰ䴬Ѿȼͺľʧǿ
ڵİ׸װصĴԴ࣬ǲ䵽־ء
Ҳʻʱ޼ɵˡ
ϾԾǨԴҲܴ

诵ξĿռվ
ô£
ͣ棬ԼԪػȥתһȦǰһһμȼͶҲ
˰ɡ
Ϊħ˸ɵģħ˷ŽʣϾǲ̫ҪЩ
ϸϵĽӡԼһЩطµָƣȻࡣ
ɵXǵ
ƿڴҴסȫɱˡ
߲ѵ˼䣬ħ۾˿ΧȻܹ˿
⵹Ҳ֤ǵߺٻߺϾӿռվ˶ǹĻܶû⡣
ſһȦ
ܾȷԼѰΧָԲ׻ǿԵġ
ҷˣȻϣǾˡ
ûɴȥ׷֪ΧڵľͶ˼
ǿУɴ˵׸Ǿ롣
תߵռվĴԱߡ
ããǺУһͻ۶·ڿڹȦԤʾųܼɡ
Ҵ
սǵ
Ϊ֪ܻ˽˴ҪռվǾûԶһֱڸѲлٴһΡ
Ȼյ״ϵͳķλ⸽һҴ
ȻȺ˾ͼææظ˻
ɨԶҴȻݿһ¡
ɽգ
иǵ
Ƕ֪ǶôĴ󽢣ʱ÷˲ơ
С
Ȼδ䣬ҴԱߵĿռվȻһ⡣
貵׹⼲۶֮ͬʸǰƼҪǿն˺ѡ
ʲô
ɼδ
ҴѾ׹⴩ڿըһѤ̻

ۺ绹ڰ׸ŵļʻϴԶҫۻ⡣
ܿ죬ͷһȼͻˡ
֪Ҫ˵ʲô
ӶڵϣǵԴԶԶըǵķɴҪңǵĴûõġ
ӻȳһĴμȼͣҲֻΪǵĲֿﴢ٣ҴԴ
С˾ʯŶһЩԪؿ¢ϣԼ۱ȸߵԴ
Ҳǲã˵ȶ׳¡
ɽĴǸˣϾǹʯĶɴȼ͵ĴźܸߵҪ
˹ͨıҲǲЩɴ˻ںǮ
ۺ磺ġ
Ҳôġ
رһз⹦ܣԼĴɺڰеĵݣΪ˵Χǵš
ոռҴҵؽըˣҲǿڴԼİ׸š
ҲܸԼû²ۣۺȫΪʲôô
һСʱڣ˵ϮЩ˵Ƕͬһǵ֯
ҲֻǸŻҲ͡
诱뿴ܲܵ죬û뵽һѲ󽢡
ɱոأŴҽС
׸š
͵Ǹ׸Ŵ·
诣
ܲ˵ġ
νòǸͣҴĴԴȻŻӸռվѹʡ
ڶҵˡ
һƬ֮УȰռ䣬Ȼתʹɼȥˡ
ȻħĶ֣ħҲֲ˶೤ʱ䣬ѡ
ڼûܵĳëľ课սʱ仹ټ롣

ǵġ
ǵսڼ䣬Ҳûзѵ
ҿѾһЩ飬ǿڰʾЧǰħ״̬
֪Чܿ죬ҲûʲôԹˡ
ռ㹻ĴԴȻʼԾǨִĿĵʱѾ֮ˡ
ƬϵΪǣʮ߿Χ̫дĻʺ˵ס
ǣܾú졪
诶ŵͼ

ۺ翴ϴǿա
ƯɫţɫľƣԼһſïʢֲǵСǡ
˹
ʾ
Ŷԡ
Ҳˡ
ϲ£˹ʳƷ޹˾ʳƷ֮һ
ʱڣϣдģĹҵֲд󲿷ֶӪҺԭϡ
ũû˱ͶЩطչЩֲΪϳӪغ͵ﺬе΢Ԫأղ൱ɹۡ
˾ҲΪ´׬һʡ
ֱħ١
ħ˽˷ϵ֮󣬾ĳһͷԪܻԻһı졣
ЩӪҺֲҲԪӰ죬Сֲ˲Һ൱ֲĶԡ
ʱ䣬ǧʳɭû˼ӹʴ˳С
诣֪ˣ֮ǰڡָϣʮһϵ￴ĹطĿա
ۺ磺ѧҵĲοס
诣
ðɡ
ûͣ·ɴΪ֪ħȷеλá
诣˽ϵ𣿡
ۺ˼ļ
请˷Щϡ
ķǣر綾ɭָǣͬʱ˽˵磬ڸ˹
ֻ³еص㲻ϴǮ˽ΥһһĶƷӹ
൱һ͵ĶƷﱻӹģԭȻȡԵصֲ
Ϊ̫ӣЩӹͶҲԻΪֻȻһΪأǵֲ߶йϵҪôҲ൱Ķؿԣֵط
ۺ鱨ΪϸгһЩֵעߵݡ
ȻҲļˡ
ֻһܹԪػ弶
Щӹһͷ֯˵ǺһЩ
诣и⣬ħڵĻʲô
ЩƷӹˣǺ飿
ۺ磺⡣
诣ô֪ģ
ۺ磺ֻɱ
ԣħˣֻṩ鱨
诵˵ͷҪô
š
նصġ
诽ɴģʽ
˵ܡ

ʱ˿̣ڷǵĳϣިɢŶ֦Ҷصڸ˵³еڡ
ִĴͣڹϣȻһһܷβ⣬ʱ
Щؾڵ³ǰɨ裬֤ܻ֮ͨ׼롣
½ͬǣһĳУǶ㼶죬ڿס
ڳżٶ׸ߵĴ¥ΧǴ۸ӵźŲͬĹֲ԰
Щ֮ؾ
嵥Ѿˣ
һ¥Ķ칫ǩͬ
һСʱͿǰȥˡ
һװĵ˵һ֡Ρʮڡ
ת˼¼һ󳤴ֹ֣ס¶ЦݣȻںͬϣֶ˼ɡ
򡣡
ʹûˣʶѹȻϴγɹˣǣȥ˹ͨĵ̡
ͶӰĶ棬վһˣԵЦһ¡
òƽƽŴҲʮͨڶϾҲ͡
ûϵ
Ǹ˵˵һ·κӣҶϴһ
ȻǵһͶƷ
һζƽƽͨǿϵı߼죬ȻҲΪԿصĹԱ
˸˵칫Ȼ
һ¡
ææͻ˵ȻͷŹԣͨ˼磬ʲô
ʲô
ɫ䣬˵ʲôӣȷôܡ
Ǹ΢΢üƺ뵽ʲô¡
һ룬ľԭſת˲
ϵл˻ӵ³Աٵر϶Ϣޡ
һж֮С
ΪЩ˺ľޣʱκһ֮ϡ
죬չعϵ
ĺǺ֮УʮҾ޴սнգһſΧζͻͽػ
ؽȺ
Щս룬һ鶯ͨѩ׵Ĵ󽢡
Ӧָڵĵط
ôţѸʹ󽢵Ľλ롣
ҴĽǰռļʻڣеĴԱλͷ
Ψһ˸վС
ıӰ׵ĳڵƻﷺ⣬ͬ䵭¹⡣
Ȼ䣬Ǹ˻عͷ͸ˮɫֱֱ
¸ǧ׵ңԶ룬Ǻ¶ȵɭߣԸмǿľҲǼ⵶ࡣ

³ǵĸ¥㡣
Ǹ˴˿ͷϺ¡
ոջ˾Ȼһ棬Ѿ˺
ǰǵĸ֡
˵ʲô˹˹ͨ
칫𾪵ĺ


114 
һοľ
׸Ȼŷģʽ
˰λ, ͸ϴǿա
Щսнſʮ֯Ĺ, ǿСǳ׶
ĿϾһűûзĻķС
ֻһֵĹըرͳױں˷ѣӦ
رʼܽ, ڶ, ͬ˳û˾綾ɭ, Ĵʼȼա
ڼ䣬Ҳڴڶ, رĵ, ͸Ļ⡣
诿ը, ͬһŻԻĿ̻ǧʯ˷罦
ϴθ˹ĻΪǰ, ֻ°볡
εȫȫβ̡
֪
诲ͷۺ硣
ĻȻֹ
췢һֳڣ¶˶׳š
ϴһ䵽ǵϸĩ˵׹һСɫʯ, ӳŵƹ쵻Բʡ
诣

ӳؿƼʵֶ, һ۾ϳ
, Ϲҵһ, ƺԼʱߵĻҪ, Ｘûʵġ
ۺ糶һߣͬʱվ
Ҳ˳ֽԼĶ׹ժˡ
ɴ
ЩҵĴ, Ȼֱ˹ͨĽӻ
ǶƷӹ, һս, һȺսǰʱμ穡
ԣҲЩϵĴûжħĴ
诲̫ȷ˵
£ٴθܵۺľ
֪ɢʱǳ΢Ǵǰض
ȻôڣⷽѾ൱УʶҪֿ
ʧܡ

ܵˣĻҲȫʱħ
ֻʶԷʲôû˷ȥħ
ۺþλħ
ħûԶ봫ȻҲųߣԱԼ
ۺȻڣ˵аնħܵ
ħǸɵ˺һĶƷ
ۺ˵
һȻֻˮδŲͷϷ
ڶƷͽȥ֮ǰ˹ͨĽӾͳ϶׷Դҹġ
ǾάͶƷħ군ˡ
诵˵ͷʱΪʲôۺ˵ֹҪɱħˡ
ۺûɴѰħλá
ΪԪػߣԲ̫ƶ
Ӱ׸ŵǰսľ룬źңԶǶҲһ˲䡣
诵ľȥѰħ˵ױԷҧһڡ
ԱԾԾԵصţĦȭ׼ɱˡ

ۺȻü
ǸӦʲô쳣һֱתȥͼͶӰ̨
ԭһʵʱ䶯ļݣʾʱΪһǰұ߽Ǵ౨Ϣ
޷źš
ħˡ
췢˳˵
ǿеĽӱŵĻ⣬һһҵս˲䱻û
ĳͬɢ˹ͨ形ڵ
诱ΪЩҪըˡ
һ룬Щڲ㻤սϣٿȻ˪ǿƮɢڣصķװ㡣
ڳ͸ĴӣӲǺı֣˴ãԼڲϵͳ
ͬʱǵָƺҲѸˡ
ЩԱȻḻڽӵѸټʻŴ𺣣Χɢ
ͺǿУ¶ȼڹϵͳڻ
¶Ȼ£԰׵ıɢǿеƣƺƵӿ
׸Ŷܵ˳
վڴڶо⡣
ִ̹ǵĺƤѲǼԪߣ˵ҪħӦˡ
ҲӦԪܵĴڡ
Ԫܵܿ죬ȻڸӦһûôУǸǿҵĲҲ֪޾
ҺԼĴͣ㹻Զ
ҲΪ̫Զʵսϸڡ
ǲǡ
Щãʵɺ𣿻ǹģ
ۺ綢ǰããһƬǿգħˡ
Ȼ
ĦҲ˵Ļ
诣˽ţѵħ˹ˣ
ħҲ£
ۺޱص˵ͷ
说Ϊ𺳡

ǰңԶսϣѾ֡
ħûܣ˵һʼû㡣
˹ͨĽɢ֮һķɴվڴϣŶ档
ǿУ׵ĴڱҲл߳
޵̫ߣƾıϣֱ߷ŰɵѩȻзâ
˸նӡ
˹
ħ˳ǣû뵽㣬Ҳ
վڸߴû˵ֻĮǿϡ

ħԴӳɱĸҲʱȴȻԷıּŭˡ
ûԱ˵ĽҲɾȻȴû˿ķŭûбֳɱ⡣
ʲôûһȻǸ䵭ı顣
˭һ
ħƮɢС
ߵĿռȻݡһɫʱŤѩ˪ת˲䱻˺÷顣
׷絶
ħҲħֻĨȥѪָ⡣
ƽƽϣųһĪϲùʣ˶
ɡ
˰ħӰ֮УƬڻԲʣβڿл˦һĻȡ
ŨܵĳѾʮֱࡣ
ţħ˶˵ʧԭأǰˡ
ħˣ
˹

˵
ǰȻ˵һȨ
⻰һû˸Һ硣
ԱߵĴ͵صͷֱԾǨʧڿС
ͬʱѾħ˽ˡ
԰׵ĺ˪ӣȻ͵չ
ħ˵ĹضԪӿǿͬ񳱰Ҫǰû
˵ȻɢÿһƬûдħ˵塣
Ԫܿ˲߻Ԫػߡ
ȻҲڱ˴˴ǰ¡
ЩħҲԪţֻԼ壬Լצβȥƻߵ
ǣʹųٶȺͷӦҲûץסֵʵ塣
̶̵ֻһɲǣǧڿзתչһͣڿУһ۳
˹һħһֹס˶ԷĲ
ȫħ¶Ƥ˪׵Ƭ֫ϱ鲼żĹǴֱ̣Ͼ״ĹȻ쳤
Ǹħ˼ʱ˱˺Դ³ȻߵƬӲƬڿзɽ
Ȥ
ħͷһսУҲ洦ɼҲôˡ
˹
û˵
ǲ֪˵ʲô
ħսûħ𽥴ħ϶ȡԪܣȴȻڽڰˡ
ἴʹڣĸǷëǡ
Ҳǵһμ
һħ˵ܽԪػħôеİɣνӵ
Ҫ𣿡
Ǹħ˵֪ⳡսĽûеڶֿԡ
˹΢΢űѩܵӢϣֳЩҲûеڶִ𰸡


115 
ԶսĶħɫ䡣
Ȼ֪ħǻô, ˹ͨöǾţÿ˶Ԫܡ
ħǻˣһ
Ҳ֪, ˹Բͬ⡣
Ǿֻһ³ˡ
ȻǱٴδ
ħǾӰȴ̫ÿ
Ϊʲôֻ
ҧгݵʵ
ħ˺Ϳ˹սһǻش, µĿꡣ
ʲôǴӦҵģ
ħŭ, ˵, ٻĸֻ
ħܹôλ, ǽǵǿ, ս, ȷʵǽӽǸֵġ
ȻҪʵѷһ
Ӯġ
˹սʹ򲻹Ҳܡ
ҪȡѹԵƣԲ
Ȼ˵, ħڵԪҪһЩҳǱԪܣܡ
ħ, ѾᱻٶȡԪܡ
Ծֻܵˡ
ȵ˹ľ, ʱħ˱ȻҲ, Լ
гԪ, λ˹ͨһ
һ, ħıֻſ˹Լ, 뵽˻ԴηӦ
Ҫûˡ
һ˲, Ժ໭档
ΪƲ¥ɱĸĸ, ׷ծĴ֣ߵĵܵá

ħ͵ؾѹ
̶̵ʧʱħ˺Ϳ˹Ѿʧˡ
ǿȥʧ֮սˡ
ͬʱһǰһ˵ӰȻƽ
ǰĺɫצӭΪҲоħҺˣֻСΧڶ
ƫͷͬʱҲħˡ
ǰһƵĺһתֱͬʱסԴ
һ˲䣬ħΪšԼͷаЦԷ롣
˭֪Էĸ첲ſѪڣЩɣ˲˺ĴͲӡ
ѵƬɽ

ħͬʱһȭ˴ɳȥ
诱ػ߹ϣǸΪħ¶ĹͷֱΡ
ܿҲ޸
ڿеλãȻٴ˹ȥ
ڶħԵʱۺ˾ܣȻǶħָ֣ʹҲǶҡô̶̵һ˲
Ԫػɹˡ
ûʱȥۺĽ̬ʲô
ֻԼΨһĵˡ
ڷɴкϼս
Ű˻磬֫ײһһɢĲ
ǽµĴѣʯҲΪ촷ۡ
˶ͼ˺ˡ
Ѿ֪ϵսνˡ
ѹԵƴľԪܡ
šĲͳ࣬۶ÿһͷ

ϵ
һѹԵƣɵ˺͸ߣħҪȥԭˡ
ͻάֲסħ
ѪҺƬĴɽ
̶̼ʱħѾ˼Ҫˡ
Ͳ̫óս˵ޡ
Ǻ诵ǾḻǸȻۺǰȻûʲôƵġ

ħЦţɱĴʥԺпһУĵܵܣ㶪һжᷢڳ⸱ʵӸЦ
ۺš
㡪
ħЦҲ֪һУӶ־Ǹˡ
诵Ķһ˲ĳٻ
˱;һ
ʱħץסʱҪѡ
ħ״̬£ǵĶǳѸ٣ֻǶݵĻҲöද
ϧǡ
ֻǸƭ֡
ǲʱƴĴ룬һ˲ӵס˶ħ˫ȡ

ʶԷǵԼ
ȻѾˡ
ΪǶ⣬ûôħα򱬵ӡ
ѵʲôҺ屬졣
ڷػ£ħԴˡ
ۺ޷һ䳹飬Ȼħÿһ̽ȬĲƻ
诿ϷըѪƬиŨĲʡ
һֱеԵظԴĶ
ֱħҲ
±ģȱ顣
ԪܱĴ
ڼҲûš
þȫεѹŶħӲ̶ԭλʹû˰ԴҲӰһħܡ
һαֽħʱãѾܸоڷš
һжƺõģǰɡ
˦˦֣Щۺ˳ɱɱңƷм㻹ʲô£֪ںԣȻ㣬壬ħ˵¡
ħЦһһ֪Ӷﱾĸħˣ֪ȥ𡪡
诣ô֪·Ϲȥҹˣ
ħһϣΪ顪
Ҳں˹ͨʲôԹ
ޱ˵Ҳû£ҪɱңҾɱ㡣
ۺԴ
ԣˡ
ͷԼͬߡ
ۺ绹ȫħ״̬
ǳİ׽ɫƬŲΣſľ޴ĳһҲõֻʣ¹ͷ
֮ʵڲҹά
ֱϣӰݺύĸ첲дϸгжָ̣ͷһֻ࣬ÿֶֻżצָϻ͹ĹǴ̡
һӺĽ̬ˣάŲħ״̬
췢ϰǿ׳ļ米ʵţͬʯ⻬𪣬ɢųȵ¶ȡ
һ̧ͷͿԸǿؼϵѪǸͼȻһ߾Ȩȵˡ
Щ۵Ĵţͬʸ˿ΰϣǴĿѪȼյĻ
߼ϡ
ۺ΢΢ƺ췢Ʈ
ָؿڵĴ࣬ԣһ
ѾϳϤĻ硣
ң¹̣ǰۺ˹ͨĽҲȣȻ鱨൱λ
˵ħֵķӦԼڶʡ
ԣǸ²֯֡
ΪųԱὫǵ֯Ϊ̣˿еĽš
ʦ
ۺش
诣ҲǴʹ߰ɡ
췢΢΢ס
̾˿һдˣǲ˽ŵڲ㣿
ۺƺ˵Щʲôշԭ˵Ļ
Ҫʲô
ֻ̧մѪ֣ǰӶȾѪķ˿
û㣬Ӧòϡ
Ϊʲô˽Źħˣѵɱ𣿡
ᡣҡ
ۺ˵ֱ
еʯͷҾҲǱ˵𣿡
ΪǸҪļԼŵˣ͸صĳŵԭء
ǡ
췢˳Ĭ˼ӣҿԾܾ
诳˼һӣ֪Ҳŵİɡ
ۺЩĪؿһۡ
Ǹˡʲôϵʡ
ֱЦ
ţֱָ̧ۣⴥͷĽɫ˿һ£ôˡ
ۺ磺
ʲôû˵ֻ΢΢ͷ


116 
˵
ǻص˷ɴ
诿˿ԶƮɢŲкǿա
ڿ, ԶȥֻʣһƬɵİӰ
˹ͨĽӶ֪٣ȻǽӵӵԶ
˹𡣡
һ˴ħˡ
ħ˿ȥѾ൱ˣҺ񻹻˵
Ӧúǿɣ
һ˵һɴ, ˳ƳһԱߵϵͳϢ塣
׸ͣԶûܵصĳֻЩСײҲܵˡ
ȥʧ֮ˡ
ۺУԵϵͳ, ˳ֽԭȶһߵʰ, ħƬռ䡣
诣
Ȼʮּ, ֪ħĻϣҲܴǸʲô
, ռȥɼҲǺ¡
սԼǰ, ȥæǲ
Լۺһ, Խź˹ͨĹϵȥæ˵λ˹ͨᾯ, ±̡
ȥæԱ߸ɿţҲô
ɴġ
췢˴˸, ֱ÷ɴԾǨ״̬ˡ
诣֮ǰ˵, ǲ׼ɱħ, Ϊ, ǲŸ, ׼˭
ۺ磺ǡǡֻǶħϼ, Żöħһͬ¹
课һ, ħϼ̫֮𣿡
ۺ磺ǡˡ
诣ϼ̫֮𣿡
ۺ磺ǡܳǸ𣿡
ͬ˵ֻʱĳ, ʵʱȷʵΪɻ󣬻˵Ρ
诣ҲûУҾǺܺ棿֪ÿηͣ˶Ȼʱ䳤˾ͻץӸΣ֪ʲô
ۺ磺ᡣ
诣ðɣץӸΡ
ûΪʲôȥͣϾ򲻹κһˡ
˵ù򲻹ˣһûˡ
ȻҲȫΪҪɱǣճˡ
诣Ϊʲô˵ħϼ̫֣֮ħˡ
ۺ磺Ǹ˻ɱ
诣㲻֪̫֮˭
ۺ磺û
üһ
Ƿˣ͸ϢͦģʱĦһҪõöࡣ
ΪʹϵԼЧͣ
诿ڼʻϣΪʲôҪء
ɴһƬǿգϴĹ߽ĴѸٻ
Ĵ󲿷ֵƶˣֻһЩȻ˸š
˵嶼ûڰӰ
ͼͨѶĽɫ˿Ͷǵϡǵ۾ζ
Դ
췢Ҳͷ
˸λһξ˼ӡ
ۺ磺һЩô
Ǳǿ߰鷳Ʃ֮ͨġ
ںڰжš
ɫ˫ϻιĹӰΪʲôڻļң
ŵ˲һֱҪ
ۺ磺Ѿ㷢룬ʣֻѡ񡣡
֮϶档
诣Ȼ㲻׼˵ҼţǽҪʲô
췢Щֵؿһۣ㾫ܡ
诣
Ҳǡ
ӦҪôĶѡ
ȻⱾǽŸ֮һ
ڿ֯ڲҲͦҵģӦǸΪ״̬
诣һ£йٹϵ𣿡
ۺ磺û
ҲһʱʶԷ˵ʲô
йٶȻݶ
֪ǲ˽
𰸵ȻǷ񶨵ġ
ۺ翴ϴ⣬ԱҶû

诵ǲ֣Ͼĳռվ޷ɴ֪ܼܵ𣿡
ۺ磺һʱ֪֮
诣֪ϼ˭𣿡
ۺ磺š
ʶ˭˴ҲֻܵõţŶûУαء
϶ĳʹߵ¼ǸӵֱɱۺҲֿԡ
ðɡ
̾˿ҲҲˡ
ۺûзϡ
˵ȻͨѶʾ
÷ķN1עᴬֻBͨŻڦ21û
诿ɨ˷Բףûоˣֻһ
÷ķN3ȫƵνϢ2342513442ӷ籩Ԥ
ðɡ
һԾǨˣֱӳˡ
ĿԾǷɴʹը˴ҲƾԪػֱܵ
ʵѾΣա
ħˡ
Сʱ
ŷɴ籩ϴĺڰɢԭȷ񶶶ĴҲȶ
请ֱѾ˱ڡ
еķܶЩʧ
ҵһռվѵؽͣ
ҳȥ
ͬʱվ
ۺֱȥ²װ塣
뿪ա
߹Ӳţ̤ǰ̫սĵӦȻ⣬ֻһͨӦڵơ
Ĵܰ
òþѵԱλãȻٿȥ
ҵǵʱЩ˿ȥЩ̣ûйͼ侲
˵ǰֵ֪ô¾ͣˣɱǵһͬ¡
诣Ǹ𣿡
ǵģô֪
̾˿
һյħˡ
֪ǲǴʥġ
ˣҲҽʣûʲô󰭡
诣Լķɴ𣿡
Ƕд
иε˵Աסˣڰȫϵͳߣǽȥ
诣ҿ԰š򡯿ʲôģֻҪǸҴۡ
Ƕʱϲͬˡ
ҿȱĺϽţԱһЩԴһƿֲơ
ǻԱƷǼ䶼ˤˣһƿãɡ
ȻǸ߸˵˷ɴӻؼȥˡ
һӺ»صԼĴ
ǵԴˣԼҪõģȫˡ
ϿӷڵϣȻӴռóʣµǲ֡
һ˵һ²װȥ
ۺʵߡ
ǵĶͬһҷɴڣ۸ŶԶ϶˴˵
Ϊ˰ģʽǵҪ̫ƹ⣬ԴҲȻŻ谵״̬
诽һһȼԴƳϣһųһžƿȥ
žͨЬڽذϣȻϢ
һƬ谵У诿˸Ļǡ
ϵĹ볨ţ췢˱ڶҵĲϣ̲ͷ
һֱǰչʾűļ⣬ݷĸӰиÿ̵̲޾
ͣ˽Ųһھơ
˵ĹڴݼܷͣȻͬӿʺ
Էŵĺɫࡣ
ݱɫԼԼ⣬ʵ۽ǷڵѪ
ɫʷ·𶼱Ĩȥˡ
һѲƵǿз̡ȼաɢڰĻ棬ֺȡĵĶҩ
һֱΪǸŻʾ
ֺһھƣȻ֮ǰҿҲıȽϴʱҲ֣
ֻ޴ܲҲǾ޴İɡ
诣Իʲô
һ˵һ˹ȥٲ²¡ϴʱ򣿡
ǾԽӰоԽߴЩʺĴҲԽҫ
ǰͣסˡ
ۺ΢΢ͷӢЩģȻȻŰ
һ˲䣬ֲǵӰڱڵơ
诽ƿݹȥƷҪ𣬻ʣһڡ
κҪֵʱ򡣡
췢˵˵һọ́һֽӹ˾ƿͷʣµҾϤ¡
ͷΪʲôҪô
δ䣬ƿڵϣعԶˡ
ۺһסӶݵ֫
ϲ
ƽԭȱԼͷĴϴ㿴ʱͺܾҡ


117 
ĵƹⲻϻζ, ģһԻõůơ
ȻƤѲߣһƮĽɫ˿ɨǼϡ
ȲĦ侫׳ļ⣬첲źߵĲ, ϸĺ췢ڱϷһ
𣿡
ǶͷʱӶ˵
Ҹл㡣
Էôش
ðɡ
ܽ𰸡
̫鷳οǱǲͬӪ, ոպá
ǵϢ˴˵, ͬľƾͻڷ֮ؽڡ
췢һ־ɻ, ڿУһ̧, ϵָӶա
Ȼϸͦı, Ĵ, оɵߣٵ
£, Լ߿ȴ
ָȼȶȣů˴ʹǹ߶еԡ

Ҳȥ̽һ¡
ָ˺ʵı, ǿ̵ļ, ԾѪ, סǿ׳ֱٿȻȦ
ĺɫǰ
ֲǷ˿Ǵ֦, ֻľĺɫʢ, һ㽫Χ
ůȼա
ȻþһʱֲλǼ䡣
ҲǾѵʱģ⡣
صҵĽֵ, ؾߵĲкû, ķϵСѻʬɽѪ
ԼŵѪ۵ĺ, Щ΢ʹ
Ϊ̫֣ʹҲȼ
ʱΪʲôеģ
Ѫǰһڳ໰ĵ˵ز𣬿ЩһϢʹġ
ʶԶԶǿ֮ջЩвֻϣܷŹǡ
пʼ±ꡣ
綼ûһƬԽԽɿ񱩵ˮԼûΧ
괩ĳУǽѪȵĽֵҲƤѪ⣬ִصĴ֡
ˮȡȻĻ䡣
һ̣ʶԼǿˣʶԼǹȥǸɪˮ﷢ˡ
ԼΪһٸ
ܹʹȫÿһͷϹÿһƤ˺ѹ
ǵֽڻʹУʧȥܣʧȥ˼룬Ȼ֪޾ø
ͬ¶ĹԴ˷ӿˮƵĽû

֮ʱѵʲô
۾
ǰһųߴĴİ׹ոѹϻеСۡ
ſں췢˿ǿ׳ؿڣڵķ˿ͬкػ˶塣
Ŷͷ
ϴԶĺǿգɫȾ
ôܵģ
ڼʻϡ
ɵڵɳ㹻˹ͬҲӵ
ܾԼȻ²װ壬ڶſڣԺﻹͣǻ谵žȣԼӰӰ´˸ıڵơ
ȵȡ
ˡ
诣ҵ˲Ƴɹˣ
ԭȾڼʻͱǣҲйֳҪ˲ƹϧʧܸա
ǰܺȻץ˸оʹֱӴ͵Ŀĵˡ
š
ۺ͵͵Ӧһ
ԼϵĹӶת
ûо˵
Цӯӯ˵ҾÿǺˡ
췢˳ĬֻֽԷɵܷøҡ
ӶֻëСʨӣһصȻ̲סЦ
˵
ڷ̧첲ϸָϵ֮ǰˣΪʲô
ͬλʯҪࡣ
ȻҲųϲɫ󣬵Ǻ档
Ҹĸµġ
ۺ˵˺ܶǮΪ򵽰ҵ
ѾͨͨǮõõĹˡ
ǲûиңֻɾϲ
ڼʻϣһؼٸҡ
ȻѧУڻؼңֻǸĸʬ壬ǵĹҵ֧¼
ʼ׷ɱЩǵе˰Ȼʱһжʧȥˡ
κθı䣬Խ
׹ǰ
说սȥϸ۲һ£ȷʵ
ۺû˵
뿪ڣȻԴһʹ
٣
𾪵۾ʱþ͵Ϯҡ
͵Ϯ⡣
ǿҲǰδеĸߡ
о˹ҼʱӦȴûܵס
诳̾һǸְʦ
ôһ͵Ϯ뵽һЩԼ飬ԭһʱͷֻǵ̫֮ˣӶ߰Ķ
ѵһĽŴʹ߾ǰʱǵж״̬֡
ȻҲԼ޼ɵطʡ
ۺ籾˵־һ£ŵԼһ£Ҳ׼öԷ̫Ϊѡ
诣ҺȻħԭļƻǲǳ˲
ĸħˡ
ۺ΢΢ףסˡ
诣֪ħļƻˣ
ҲǺ硣
ħϼ˵ɱߡ
ΪŵԼڣʹۺ翴ʬ״Ҳûֱӻɵħͷϡ
ȥ͸ûǽڲµ֡
ȵһʱ䣬ħθ£ͶƷҪļֻ֣Ϊ˼޻˹ͨ塣
ŲߣȻһ׵¡
ħ˺ܰԼ
ۺͷ˿ͨѶ壬һжϼ
ħ˺˹ͨг
Լ֪ġ
ĸ˾ƲǷծѡ¥ɱħһй˹ͨ塣
ΪĸϷＯŲʲôҪء
ڴɡ˹ͨƿ£Ժһϵеķ¢᰸ǵԼ幫˾ĸԭ
ˣЩＯŵĴɱţõܵܣȥծʱ޵ҲȻ˹ͨ塣
诣
ʵڲ֪¡
诣ΪʲôЩûҲ
ˡ
ۺֱӸһμ䡣
Щģζ۵ĵƹխ϶
ħǶʽδ͸϶ķ䡣
ƿ˴ţ˲Ͽ޺СǣץڵĶ
Ҳ˼򵥵Ѱûҵħĵط
ͨ뷨仯ܸܵħûнܵôߣΪ֪Щ޹ͻиϸѲ顣
ʱԼĲҲᱩ¶
ܵñץߣЩջ񣬾ͲִʣµһˣѾͻ뿪
Ҳȷʵ롣
ȻҲ͵Ϯǡ
˲ֹһ֮ͷͷ
诣Ҳ׼˵ܵʲô̬İ
ۺıֺƽ
ûз̶ħ£Ϊ̫࣬ѾϰΪˡ
׷ɱǵĸɱ˾ͱͨȻҲٻȥҵܵܡ
ȻʼվûѵܵܿúҪ
ȥѰʱͰһɶȵ˶ɱ꣬ܵסּ;ûˡ
ν
ۺ˵ұҲôϲ
ʶָ
ʲôӲĻ
诣裬˵裬ţȥ𣿡
ᡣûʲôüġ
诲Ҳ
诣ΪʲôǰദĲ𣿡
Էƺ̫ԼЩ£Ҳ͸ɴȥˡ
⣬ʵҲͦ˽ġ
ۺҡҡͷЩԭ򡣡
ͷʺţЩԭ򣿡
ۺ磺һΪʲô̥Щԭ򡣡
诣Ҵˡ
תɡ
ħܹ֮ԼɱΪͶħˣôԼģĳħأ
ʶ¡
ۺ磺ⲿҲȱʧġ
ΪĿԱȽϴƩħдʥҵĳħ
ȻҲǲܡ
ۺ磺Щħ˻㣬Ԫ㹻ࡢħյһ̶ʱ
诲Щȣʲô̶ȣ𣿡
ࡣ
诣ǾǱ׼ˣһᷢ𣿡
ۺ磺ʶһЩҲǡ
ȻǶܾˡ
诣ôңֱӳǰ
Ҳ
ûƱ˵ٷְ٣Ȼ󲿷˶ˡ
诣ħ˻ˣ˵ʲô
ۺ磺ˡžΪͬࡣܾɱ㡣
诣
ɾʲô
ԪܴԱЩǰҪ࣬Ϊʲôûħ
ңЩģ϶˵ܹͨħˡ
ɷѾ˼һħ
˼Ҷţͻȥһ
诲ֻ
ԣ
˸ҲҪ׼ħ˶԰ɡ
ۺͶһͨ˵
ڡ
췢˵˵ʻ䵥ʱ򡣡
ħ˳ֵļʾͲˡ
诣ǡ
Ӧÿʼˡ
ۺ翴һۣҴӦ㣬ǰΡ
诣ҵǰΡ
ۺ磺ǰζѡ
诣
ǿ˵


118 
ۺ磺ھǿ˵ĸ֪Χ, أαװ
˭뵽ѧ⧲
诵ûκεִ
ϲѧϰصĶ, ֪ʣġ
ֱӣԼαװͨˣ
ۺ΢΢ס
ûмŽ⣬Ǹһ˼ʱ䡣
ⷽѾ, ֻҪи, Ҳ˳˼
ҪԼͨ˵Ĳġ
诣ҵĸ֪ģʽ, ҿ˵ܸӦǵľ, ǻ档
ھͬǰ, ͨ˵Ļ, СߵĻ档
˵СԼ̶ȣ˵ľǿȳȡ
诣Ҫ취, ҵľС䰵
ۺ粻ÿɷ񣬡ֻܡĸ֪, ĶܿĿ²ֹǻ𡣡
ͣһ, ˼·û
ֹǻ
תת飺ʲô˼
ۺ磺˼Կ֪ΧһС
诣
诣˵, ˵, ӦһȽľ, Ϳȥ˳ʲôӣʲôͷһ
û
š
ͷʹط, , ĸ֪Χ, ֻҪһ˲ֵòԾ̻ѽϡ
а취ıòΣȻ
诣Ǽһ˲ƿɱҿˣоԾ˵ֱӷɹ
ȻҲˣҲûͳ˭
б޻Ǻõġ
ܱȱץȻʹһʧȥҪá
һԣҸôôԼľȥͨˣ

ôţҲ˼˼·˵
ľʱ㲻ܷҲȥӦλκ¡
췢˵˵Ҫ谭ش㣬ͬʱܶþκ¡
ʮ⣺ʲô˵ܱҵľǰ͸ӦңֹһΣʱʲô״̬ȻҵңһΡ
Ϊġ
ƽ˵˵㱻˸֪ʱľҲһʹΪʲôûʵϲǡ
ǣ
ֹǰҵѵΪǲĵ
Ȼˡ
ѵ֮˵ľӰʱʶԼȫľȥػ
˲ܷɹӻһ¡
ѵ֮ǰ伤ľֻȫһС֡
ûʲôòᣬᱩ¶Լݡ
ɼľʱҵλãҲΪһС־ķ
ûǲ־ôԼľ棬žͨһˡ
ȻǱѹƵĽֻҪһʱ¶ͬ
诣ԣ£ҲҪҵѵɹҪһСֵľ
ҪȥѹԼ޷ȷڵıܣ
ǡ
ۺն˵Щ״̬л
ŹӶеȻ¶ԾԾԵɫ
⵹лͦ졣
ۺűʾþܴ߿Ʊˣվ
ѶҲǰҪ
诣и⣬ҷʲôǿҵļ䡪
ȵȡ
ҪԼ֮Уʹ֪ҲǺһ֪Χ
ʹɣҲҪһһ䣬һ˲佫˵ľϢаɣ
⡣
ۺҲ϶Ļش𣬡ܿ죬ʱҲ㹻ˡ
诳һҲԡ
һ£Լɵ߷ΧڣԪܵг̶ȣ϶̷ԼĲԾ
ֽ£͵øɼܺǿܵ׼
ֶܾ֪ķһ¡
һ˵ĳǲо룬뵱УҪкܶ˵Ĵڡ
ɵ֪Լĳϣ˹ˣȴѵһ޼ľ
ҪһһȥʵݵĻһܷһٸ˵ӣֻҪΧ˱Ƚ϶࣬ǼʱҲ㹻ˡ
ôܣ
诲뵽ԼײɹóĿռ䴫
ֻҪϰ;ԽԽԶ
Լյš
ǲ֪Ԫܵĸ֪жԶ
°ͳ˼ո˵αװأôأ
ħ֮Ա⾫ֱӱɲ޴˵״̬ûþȥѰħһ
ȻħԪܲͱȽϴˣھ˿Լ
ۺ磺ԪҲԲء
诣ô
ҿԸ㣬Ҳó廹ҪԼ

ʥ
ǹռվ
ոۡ
ŶӵĳԱɵعš
޸̫ܵذ壬Ϊཨά޹ṩԴȻʼŻָո۵Ŀϵͳ
ɿŻ˰ЩֿԶЩڱĴԴͷɴ
ѩB11ʮңȳN772ңM19һҡ
иٿֱͶӰڣͬʱһһ۵ػ㱨
ɣ
˵үĹʲô¡
ȻЩֵʱﻹʶֳӦĴ͡
ɣгǽMͣ
ǽʲô
ɴķ֣һǰչܣǰճߴ硣
ǰߵķܶ࣬ս̽ա١䡢ҵȵȣÿﻹиϸ֡
߾ͺܼˣͨǰշɴĳȺС͡͡͵͡
ڲͬĹҵ׼Щ𣬴¾Ǵʮ١ǧ⼸䡣
м΢ͷɴĳߴ
ͷɴ᳤ܻǧʮףЩУһַɴԱΪǽ
ǽǳߴ㹻ҪŷĽֵ͸ֹʮ˾ס
֮һ̫СڲͬﴩĳС
ֶѾִͣ꣬Ķ˽˶ƣپǲٽˡ
Ϊսʼֻ޴ٶ޵ķɴħǰֱ۵İӡ
ԼĻղز٣ЩģЩǺڳԺģ֪ʶҲԣú;ͺŶϤ
˸һǸ㱨žʶʲô
ڰϵеĳǽMСģҲˡ
ǵģ¡
ǸЩη壬ֱͦ˼ػشдͨ˰ȫ⣬ȴԷָ
ɣ
ǵϰߣôķɴȷʵҪȽһϵԷɺ󣬲ʽͶС
ԷҲһ̣ʱ䵽ٶȺܵȵȶҪ
ɣȵȼվʩ޸
ҳǽеȤҶѻʾֶ˺ܿϧ
ϲĻ͸ղҲǲС
ȻĿǰûе̰ţһռվŪֻǺ׵ġ
ǡ
Ӧ
ɵ˼һ˲ǰǶμħ
ǰȺ˱ʾħʮλսաðûյġܱǱʶֻʣ߸
ȻΪЩ˳˯˺ܶ꣬ϢЩͺѾɱҲ֪
֮źӰ֮һ
ȻЩ˱ʾʧħԶ뿪棬ƺٻΪԴޣǾȥӶᡣ
Щ̸ʶԭǸϢ൱ޡ
ֻչֵĲֱ¶˳˸ࡣ
ȻҲ֪ľͲࡣ
ħĸԺܴ󣬲̷Ҳر
ħʲôҲ֪ΪĿǰЩˣûкκһħй
ǶܺнͼЩħֻƾս
ǽ֮Ǵ״̬żҲǽĿʧ
ǻû˭ܺħս
鸴ӵ˵ţߡ˻ڡĻǿǵǰվһλ׼սˡ
Цһˡ
Щ˲֪£սЩ꣬ǵǵļ
Ǽ¶
˵ݣ֪Ǽ˵ǵ䶼

ҲⷢʣֻΪ˵Լ
֮⣬ʣĹսǡ⽻ɾͷɵġ
ǣһУʾĽܵһҵѯԸԸΪħˡ
ܾˣȻ൱սӳʧ֮򣬲Ÿ߼ξ
ɶ˼䣬жǸҵʵҲǿħˡ
ɣ
ΪʲôԼûֲҸ˵ħ˶Ҫ˹ͨ


119 
һʱ, ׸ڱ߾Ưεʱʱϴһµùǵ
ҲһֱԼľ˳㷴Կռ
ֱۺΪûʲôɽ, ҲҪ֮ʾԼҪˡ
ȥ
񡣡
ۺֱԲ䣬Ҫȥһʥ򡣡
诲ת򵼺ͼԱߵ, ŵ񣿡
ϾһﲻǹӶ
˵, , ԼǽŵĳԱǸĪַǳǿ֯
诣, ֮ǰý̴˵ļ, һûػء
ۺµ̬൱⡣
ǰӲûд, ûаϵһ
ҲֻǿһۣҪʲô
诵۾ʱתͷ, ϼйٵϼһ㷽Ҵ𣿡
һˡҿϵļˣ֪˭
Ǿ鷳ˡ
ͷ, 
ۺס
ȻǶû˵
ǰȥʥ֮, ǻܳʱ䶼ˡ
, ʥ, Ǳħ, һμ档
뵽Щԣ־ûôܽܡ
һֱкø, ӵһμˡ
ܻʶ뵽, ҲΪ΢ĿԲԶǧȥ׷ǵ, ֻΪԷĳˡ
ΪԪأָҲԶİ
ǽŵ⡣
Ҳ˵⡣
Щ֮󣬻Ѿȥϱˣ˵øһ㣬ľ״̬һҲ̫һˡ
лҲһЩøУҲ˶ѡ
˶ԣĳЩ鲻ùأ˶ѡʱ֣Ϊ˭֪ǲһΡ
ΪܹԪػħĸ֣ͺ಻ͬˣʲôҪеκηպͺ
ϣһ˳
ͷ´ǼʱһȾưɡ
ĹͳĿԣҲ
ӦҲǺɡ
췢Դá
ڼʻ￴ϴ⡣
һͻ͵貹ԻǿգͷԶ
ԼĺУǰһĿռվ
ŰСʱһӷ籩Ϯٴʧȥźš
ޱ˰죬ʱѾ֪ںηֻǰһ޴̫ս
һֱ׵ġ߲߰νۣͣ
ձȥѾˣĴȱǾըһ
ͼȻźȱʧ״̬Ҳûλ
诽ȥСþɨһ飬ûˡ
Ȼֻûˣûħˡ
ǣеԪܵĴڡ
ɴͣڿУԪػ˽ȥҪûʲôõĶκʾƷͼ¼
ձһƬţȱʬ壬ӵɺѪѾһʱ䡣
ע⵽˶ӵƷ
Ǿ̫פ㡣
ֻǿձˣӵı־ˡ
ڹﴩŽߵձģΪϵͳߣָҵҲǳ״̬Ȼʬ塣
ԼһվӰõɫĳϼͬɫƬڻ谵ķ˸ڹʡ
㡣
ת¶һ޾ɡĪӣͷϻϸǣƽħϢ
ϸƬպ¶ѣȥһħࡣ
Ȼ诺ʲô
诣ΪǶˡ
΢Цһ£ô֪һоʵأ
诣
ԼξС
ȻҲ޷ȫֿԡ
Ͼͷһּħˡ
Ƕħ˵ķ࣬Ӧþ˵ˡ
ħܲܶԱǣ⣬𰸡
һûмκһǣҲǿжġ˵ܻ򣬲֪ǲΨһı׼
սʥ򱻷֮ħ˾Ҳûг֡
ǼλǣƩɡ˹ͨսʱڣҲûнʵ
֪ǣħ˵ȺУƺŵļڣλڽ۷ǿߡ
ξǵľ
ħ˲ֹλмʮҲϰٸ
ֻ֪һж
ǿȥƶȺܸߣȫṹҲˣֻǶβ͵Ȳλ
ǵʵǵ֮䡣
Ϊħ˺Ԫȶϵ״̬ħ˵Ҳ̫׾ȷԱж
ΪԼҷֲʵĻ˵Ӧòһ¡
̯֣˵һ˺ƴһ
ħͷȻͬˣĻûʲôܽܵġ
Ưϣ¶һɭ΢ЦΪҵͬ࣬ʳû𡣡
ȻǸᷴʳ
ԽʳḶ́Ȼһߴһ߳ˡ
˶Է֮⡣
ðɡ
Ӷ̾˿̸𡣡
δ䣬ħ˵Ӱʧԭء
һ룬̵ļβУѾϮǰ

һĲħߣǿôһӣ¶ɡ
ȻҲͬʱħ״̬
ֱһź۵צ߬ס˶Էβ͡
ǿ͵ĳβţһȦһȦֱۣڹšϵ쳤
ޱվԭأֱϵͷ׷ſȻþȫҧȥ
õĴŽɢĽɳ
ħһԵغˣƴʧȥһβͣҲӲ˻
ţձ彨ڶ⿪ʼѣںȻȫȻ̮
ͬһȦһȦԶȥײǿƯĳ
ԼͣԶⲨΧ˺ﻯ
ȻûüʲôжľٿȻ仯
ħ״̬ûܱⱻǿƴ͵һİĵط

վһƬĿռҺڵͬ®ֶ£κƺ塣
µĵǱ⻬ھʯһ޴ʯ帡ɽݣףͨǰһɲ򼸺νƴӵƽ̨
ƽ̨Ҳǳһĺڻҡ
綼ǳ
ħ״̬Ҳ൱񣬼ʹЩʯ΢âҲȫ㹻
Ǹħվǰƽ̨룬֪ʱſ˫ᣬƴ׼ս
վԭû
ѾȥԼǷȻˡ
طʮֲԾ
ǰδ֪İռ˷ӯԪܡ
ֳջÿκ·𶼲θȻ˳ѪҺ֫ٺ
һļʸУڻѡ
һֵĽС
ֱϵͲؿϣЩ˴ײؽҧ˺ʲô
ʧ֮򣬶԰ɡ
诵ͷŸ첲궯ǡ
Ƕϲս𣿻˵Ͻסң
ǰۺ͹
ʧ֮򣬾ħ˵ǸƬռ䣬ħǴϼҴ˹
˵Ƭʧ֮򲢲ֹһ
ЩƬռ䣬һѲʵλصʵλ֮ϡ
ĳ̶ֳǻͨģħǿԽط
ˣǻԽȻս
ϴαħƵĿ˹˹ͨ
Ϊʲô
Щɻʵ
ѵħ˺֧ԮԼ԰Լֿռ䣿
㲻ϲ𣿡
ʮƽ̨ϵħ̧ͷ
һ˵㲻Щ𣿡
诣
Է˵⻰ãһ˵⻰ոתƵ˼ŻˣȻֿʼֿеĥ
˲ˬǣԪܣƺ޷ա
ͬڴħ˺ȻȻкԪܡ
ʧ֮ÿռ䶼ӯԪܣȻЩȴǱ̶ԭ
ǵ״̬ʮȶͺͿܽһͼգ˿
·ռ䶼ȫܱյ
˾վڿռڲȴǾúЩԪܱ˴˸
֡
诱ֱۣ첲ϵͻĦţײ죬ˣȰ


120 
㴩, ƽֱ̨֣ͬʱչĹʮצ˹ȥ
Ȼĥⲫս
ѧħ֮, 课Լǵһս
Ԯս
ǿԼұɱĵĶ֡
ħսһ
¶ʱ¶Ȳɱ
ħʱۺ
Ķֶ
诺ڵľƣһԼ֧Ųס, ս, Ҳֻ
һǱȱħˡҲ֪Ҫ, ²ʲô¡

Ȳȥ˭˭
˵һħ, õİ취ǴӶԷϽԪܡ
һ, ƵļʺͿ, ʶԼܳظԪܡ
˵ɣҲȷԼ˷ˡ
֪ˡ
ǵӰڿ䡢Ͼַֿ
צƬײʯ, ۺѪк¡
طѹ˵ܡ
诵ͳؿڵ
ħ״̬Ҳıߡ
ڵɤֶ࣬˼Ƶ˼ȥЩԡ
ȷʵ
ħ˿һ, ʹû, ܴҵķ𣿡
ô, αذҴأ
Ц, ǿԳȥ԰
Լħ״̬Ժս, ۿɱ
ҪӶԷ϶ȡԪܣǾƱҪʹ˺
Ȼֵȼħ, µѶ
ħû˵
Ȼðա
ٴսС
Ƭռﲫ, һ̮, ڻֱܣȻػصظ̡
ܾЩ֡
˵̸ѣʵǸûô̸ԷҲûʽ롣
˵ħ˶ģ뻬ȻҪħˣĬϳɾܾ
߰ţҲͣٵص˶ԷĹơ
˲֪೤ʱ䣬ѾҪάֲסħˣѸš
ˡ
Ȼ䣬ħ˼ٺˡ
սĪֹ
ħվڶʮ׿ĵط
˽µƽ̨ڲ飬ı仯˿Ӱǵж
ǶȫûйעЩϸһű˴ˡ
һ硣
ħ˵һжܸı䡢Զ
ڽħڵϡ
Ͳ֪ĸ
ħ˼ֱһ죬磬Ǵ˻Լصһж塣
ƣؿŶʲôܵǵȥ
֪֮ڲһǰᡣ
ħ˵ܽᣬʸĴڡ
ˡ
ԭȵսǿˡ
˲Ÿۡ
诲ЩЦȤǣֻҪԪܣҶԱħûʲôȤ
ʵûгͻ
ħ˼˵ûʶġ
˵ʧˡ
诣
ٻһӰʧƬռңԶ߼С
诣
ƽ̨¾£ԭȵӣȶ״̬ٱ仯
ֱ̯ɵڵϣɫҰ񷣬о¶ǳ졣
Ǹħ˾ͰԼˣ
ʲô£ʲôеԼ
ʮӣܡ
ۺ˵Ԫܵ˿λش
ϡ
ԪܾӦÿħ
ȻˣԪܣҲ޷ħ
ħһָҲ
ûβ
Щͷͺƽ̨תһȦȻѰƬռıԵ
Ǹ޵Ķռ䣬ǻҵ߽ҵ˳ڣ
ܵѹƺǿʹܻȫԭҲö϶
诳Ԫػ
Ҳ֪˼СʱϳϢ֮ܳɹȶάס״̬
һĵ⼲۶ȥʧ֮ްա

请˺ܾá
Ȼڵóۣطûһϵı߽硣
ȷԼ˷ûȦתȴʼͷ
ͺɶԶռҲƶͬľ롣
ΪƬƽ̨Ȼ·
诽Ԫػ
ȥ
ڵͼܿԪܡ
Щ൱ȵطֲܣȻޱ޼ʵԶš
Ȼһִ
ȻƬռ䣬Ͳϵޡ
۾ظԪܵСΧÿһÿһԪܵλ÷ֲԼνܵؽռ
΢ĸӦ֮ǰ˽þĻ棬ЩˮΣһЩϸСĲƵڿС
ǵģܲ߼ϾĻ档
ʶָ֣ڵƬ
ʼЩ
̳ϵ
ոյս̫񣬹ͱٵһɶҲ̫˶á
ǼСʱ
Ҳһ졣
ڽ⿪ֱߵõ˵һԪܡ
Щȫ֮ǽڿУһСƬռڵԪܶ
˵ħкԪһ㣬ȶٱ̶ԭ
诽ˡ
Ȼ۵ٴ̱ڵϡ
ʧ֮ԪȷʵԱա
诲ûô֪Լ֮ܳɹҲΪڵԪܻûޡ
ЩѾ޵ˣҲûˡ
Ϣһ׼ȻָоԪܵĲ
̧ͷ
Զʯϣһħˡ
ԶħˣȫɫƬҲʮܡ
ͷг̲һǣ沿Ƭİ£Ψм΢ɲķ϶ת̰Ļɫ飬͹βݡ
ӷף֫ȴȽϸݣؿڵĳһһģЩȥ÷͵ʬ壬ȴͣ𾪺Ϳ־һ̡
Ǹħ˦βͣתżӣؿ
˼ӣħԱ½ֳӰ
ֳǷѵĶ
诣
ħ
ܺսֱӿ̬һʱͰ˺ضǡ
˦ѪܵĴ룬ֱϵǽ߰Ķ³
ܵһĻŷˡ
Щ֧ħˣ״̬£Ҳڻ
ǵ֫ʶ£ұ˴˲
Щۼһ͹ͷ䣬ϸϸĺɫ˿ڿ쳤Ȼ󽻴һ𣬷۳֯
诣ݡ
ٴȥЩ÷顣
ֱҲǵ״
ǻǻ
ħ
貵׹⵱ձѡ

诿ǰһǽ壬ڵԪܣ롰ĸкԶ
ٴοʼʧ֮Ԫܡ
Ҫѵʱ̫ࡣ
Ҫȵרע
лʧȥЩĻҲûټˡ
һ诲֪ƣؽ
Ȼħ˴Ƭռ䡣
Ƕ޷Ҳܾ˸ɼܾûб¡
Щǿ޲ࡣ
诸ɵȫ
һ¡
ּߣܹħϺѾȫͬˡ
ȷʵԺܶ첻˯Էȴ޷Զ
ǣĳβ֮󡪡
ָɷһƱħˣǵԪܣЩٸѪ⡣
֮֡
Ϊ罫Щħ˱ޣʵûʲô
Ͼ̻Ǻദģʽûʲô
Ǽ±ڼ䣬ɱҲ
ЩҲһҪôΪʶҪôˣҪʬѵġ
֮û˭úദٽͨġ
Щħˡ
һ˳ⶼе²󻻳ħˣҲûʲô⡣
Ψһ鷳ǡ
ЩΪʳļһȥĲʲôʳģͺ⡣
诳ź˵Ѫ

ǰЩħĶͬЩħûôֻǷ
Ҫǣûʲôζ
ž΢һˮ
ָðɡ
ˡ


121 
ʵ֤ѪҺ㹻, ֧һʱ䡣
ûҹ仯ֻͨ͵õԪܵĴƶʱ䡣
оһδҪСʱңȻΪûмʱװ, ҲȷԤǷȷ
ǰǰ˼ٴΣϢħսʱ䣬Ѿȥˡ
ȡޣԪȻû, ֻԸܵǰࡣ
νǱ׼̬, ȴͷ
ϾͲ֪ʲô, ֪״̬ľ޴Լɱ̬ħ
̾˿

ħʬὥʧ, ռһ
ϰĿ, , Լʵûɨ
ʱˣԼȥˡ
ûӭת
ʧ֮Ȼ˻ˡ

ΪǸħ, Ѿ׼һܡ
ܿ쿴壬Էûʲôħβһû, Ǹȫȫࡣ
ΨϵƬڶֺʧ
Χһصħ, ˵ĶĴɢ, Ѫ˼ʮԶ
ƺսײռ, ˴һħ˽
Լͽһн, 诶ûֻǵ˸ڡ
ɱħ, Ҳûʬ, ԶĽǻ
˼Ȧ, һһĴѰһ
ƽ̨ϣ˫ԶֻǸһͷëˡ
Ǹë߽
诵Ĵ޶ãûһµشԱ߹
Ǹһ¡
̲סվѰҳȥ·𣿡
ǰ
ëĪؿôҲȥ𣿡
诣ҵȻ롣
ΪʲôҪôŵĿǣ
һΪ
ëһۣΪ㿴ȥţԪܲǺܶࡣ
ԻҪԪܣ
诣ȷʵҾûȳȥȽҪ
ǰа취ȥ
˭֪´л˽ʲôʱ
ûˡ
诣˳㣬Ǽ¼ˣ
ëƳһۣһڣҽ֮ǰʱ䣬ʲôʱҲȷˡ
诵˵ͷ
ûá
оԼٽˣëϵʱ䣬Ҳֻһҡ
Ȼëֵʱ˿̣һʱˡ
诣лˡ
ëںӦһ
诶ۡ
߿źԼ
ͷ΢Ķ̷Ⱦǳ̣ǸīɫԶԶȥһͷݡ
һ߶ӣһʲôںӡ
诣ԣа취ȥ𣿡
šҪʱ䡣
ë˫ֳڴ̧ͷܣȽȶһȷʵ׳ȥ
诣ķȶ
Ƭռкܶܶ࣬Ԫ֧ŵģԪܱȽϳӯ޽ṹȶġ
ëյץץͷڵӦǽٱõġѾһ֣ǵǿԡ
ָŽµƽ̨ʲôҲҪңȥܡ
诣ʲô
κ쳣
ëش𣬡ȻħȥͶˡ
ȥ㣬Ȼ⻰ȴЦ
诽Žɵص˵ͷ
һ룬˽µƽ̨Ϣ飬׷ɵķĩ
ëݵӰʼŤʵصĽɫƬƤ׳ļǱ͹֫͡
գۼ䣬ٲӦе״
ȥʮ׵ĸ߶ȣͷ­ĴڣСɽʮ֫͹ļ̡
ԶԶȥһֻȵľ޴
֮׼˵ǳ׵׵ĹһЩܻᵱʡ
诵ûʲô淴ӦǰǴǶеȫ̬𣿡
ܵ˰ƵԪܣܵزǸѹȸжʱк
һ˲䣬课Լڷ籩֮ǰ
Ԫڶɡ
Ǹûõش
ΪɹëûֻǾֱƻܱߵһС

ëղŵĻҲܿ״̬
ľѸɢԪܵĿռ䡣
֮ǰһ˵ʱҲԹôһֱѶȡ
Ȼë֮ռ䶼ʼԭȹ̽ܵĲԪܣǱ𶯳ɢһ㡣
һԪܣλͳһն
ڣԪܱײɢζʼһһλ䵽
ʧ֮ͳ˸϶
˳Щ϶ɢȻԼԼģܵĴڡ
ֻǸоǳģͺǽˮӰ
ҲΨһ쳣ˡ
Ǳߣ
ֱħֱϵļʮһ
ڵԪܶ˼ħ״̬Ҳ
ƩйǼܵĳѾһõĤ⣬ԭȵ״̬Ҳࡣ
ȻҲԷ
ֻħ״̬£ͿԪͿգһԾԶòóкҲν
诳Լܵķ˹ȥ
ëں棬һ˲ͳԭӴӷ׵ӰѸˮֱ˳ħ״̬
һǰһƬռײ˳ȥ

ڵϡ
ͷƹۣѪӵǽϣ罦ԱߵĴˮУֲȾ˴Ŀĺɫ
ʬ˵ڵϣ϶ƵĻɫԱƷеıԴе䳦á
ഩͬƷˣԭɪɪعһߣʱĿɿڴؿ˹
ԱվһȺȫװֳǹеǵ
Щǵ϶ͬɫ꣬ȻֵĳԱ
ô£
һǵеӳ
һӳ˴ӹս߳״ʱ۾֣ɫȻɷס
ħˣ
ӳָ诺ë˵ݣħˣϵ
ڶħ״̬ǽ̬˵ħһⶼûС
δ䣬ǿҵԪѹϯ
ǵȹڵأЩֱѪʡ
ǵڵ϶ã˵ϼ㱨ˡ
ԣҿ
ëѪһԣǰֵĿռվ
诹ܲôˡ
ǰȾѪķۻ͸ſͷ׵İװŵЩʳ
˹ȥһצ˺ۻš
Ĵ趯Ž涫ȫóѸһװȵ
ҵ졣
请һܵ̾
á
ЩʳװƷѹ߲˱ɡԼָߵըͽֱϵ
֪ʱ䶼ζʹࡣ
诹Ӻ˵
ë
ëȥ²
˼Ȼһ߳һ߿˿ΧĻûǮˡ

ЩĹԱ˵ҿΪǰЩǵɱˣ͵ΪЩԵĸǮԼ⳥ʧûɣ
ǲħˡ
ЩֵǵҲڷӦ
ӳһ֪֪˭ǵľų
Ȼֹ
봩͸ʺֳ˳ڿ˦ѪתţȻԱߵǵ
ʱ䣬ǵһ
ռվĹԱ㶵ؿһĻ
ΣվΡΡصл
Ŷûϵ
ڳԵòˡ
˵Աˡ
ǳǸۻж
Ťͷһëħһ˿ҵվһߣʬϰ·
诣
ȻҲʼͬ¡
Ӻëǵ·Ա߹诺ס
Ҫ𣿡
ǰ㻹£
ëʵ
š
֯һԣ֮ǰ˵ڵԪܲࡪ
ŶˣûƲ˼ҸоԪܺҲࡣ
ëʼ磬Ҽˣԣҵı׼ңǡ࡯ĳ̶ȡ
诣
ࣿ
诣˼ʵҲǸǸȫ̬
˵ħ
诣
ͬ˶ħ״̬вͬĳƺˡ
֣ףȫ
һףףס
ŷֱӦǣǣǡ
ë˵ͷԪܹˣܻ̫аɡ
诣ðɣлˡ
ë˻֣ˡ
˵ʧԭء
Ǳ߿ռվԱǽĿɿڴ״̬ʼʰ׼뿪ЩͬµʬϿ
վһߣǽϵһ޴Ļֳһزš
쵼۰ƥ˹򣬵ڶ鼴
ӰһֺĿոۣԼĽӡ
ЩͻƷĻϣȻǹʯŵĻձꡣ
١
תͷǰϵ⸽ǺŻ𣿡
󲿷ֶƻˡ
һԱش19ʱûͣñ档
诣ȥʲôط
ƥ˹


122 
说ʬһԡ
¼Լ˺, Ϣʶ֤Լʾ״̬
ΪϴιԱٵ̫ͻȻ˵¼˱ʩ, Ҫȴղܽⶳ
Իһƶϴ״̬
ٴͨѶһδϢԼһƵ
请˷ǰ漸ҪǴԱǵĴʺ
ֵƺ, תɳƵ, ȻͨĻظ֪Ŀǰ
ܽܽȻֲиתֻݲݵƵ, Ʒֳ԰ӦоС
ϰ֮ǰɵģҪǵԼϲĶ
żῴ, Ȼһ, ʵæûȥ, ͻظ飬˹Ҳʲô
Ȼһʧ⼸˶ˡ
һѱ, Ƶը½ʾԼ˽̡
诸ϽǰϢʾԼû
ܿ죬ԱǷ׷׻Ϣˡ
ֵֵʮּ, ûʲô, ֻ״̬, û, 費Ҫ
读شһжá
֮, ܽܽΪˣ鲨ûô, ԴʻҲûôḻ, һ󴮸̾, Ȼ˾ܿġ
Ȼ󣬲⣬Ҳĳ鱨ӵʺ
һǰ
ڲ͡
ʮǰ
ڲ͡װģĶ̬üû˰
ʮǰ
ڲ͡ǲǽȥˣ
ʮǰ
ڲ͡ʧ֮鷳ϵĴԱŶǶˡ
ҡҡͷ
һⷽµ
ﻹдԴ𣿡
һ߻ϢһԱߵĿռվԱ
ûǮˣЩǵʬϵװӦûǮģЩ͸ǰɡ
͸һϴֵܿսͣ档
һͻװģ飬зͨͶװãȻ̲½ġ
诲⿪ǵĴ
ǰԴܽϵĻձ껻
ҪȥЩ֮ĵطãҪȥƥ˹򣬳Ǻ˵Ҫƿս
û⡣
ԱæĬط˹
˵ؽɴ׼˳ȼͣ׼ɴᡣ
һĬĬ廳Լİ׸š
ȻȷҴǷ
ձ֮ǰ⽫ͣԶһЩȷʹձըҲ˲İݡ
˭뵽ʧ֮ôá
ʲôص̫ѣʹǺɽֵȼĴ󽢣˲£Ҳ⡣
Ҳų·ҴȻ֮ΪС
֮ö˶˴ԭĿԺС
⣬Ҫǣ诲֪ʲôط
ڷ籩ʧ˷ʱͶλȫʧˣм仹ռԾ
ǰǰҲһСʱʱ䣬ںɽ˵㹻ϵˡ
յͼһʾĵص㣬ȥƲԼħ˾ʲôطмĿԾ̫ˡ
诲Щͷʹ
룬̷˸
ΪҪһʱ䣬Ϊ鱨Ӻٻӡ
Ȼ˵˯ڴϷǵĹʣһֱкܶͨѶ˺š
߶оƬڲͬĹ
Եظ̫졣
ϾϷ豸۾ͷϷգмʱͬܣϷҲֱӽʵ磬δطҪ˳
˭֪ν̽ӵúܿ졣
˲ӣ˼һǱѾͨˡ
˰װġ
鱨˵׼Ϣء
Ŷֲá
诣ǰ
ͣһ£˽ʧ֮Ҳȥ
ҽȥ
룬ҲƲϺ˽⡣Ԫܺħⷽ桪Ǻó
˳˼
ǰǸë϶ǰʵħҡƬռ䡣
Լܸܵʧ֮ľ
ЩռվԱǵǡ
ԣɣʧ֮ЩƬλ棬ǵʵʱʱ̱̿ƶ״̬ġ
ԼëʱƬһռվ໥ص
诽Լ˵˵
̣ֻ࣬ʧ֮ʱոǲȶģʱӦѾᵽˣռ
诣ռҲᵽˡͼѰұ߽磬Ȼʧˣ̡šһȫ̬ħλ֮󡪡
ͣһ¡
诣ôģ
ҲǺüǰˡ
̾˿ԵȻǱ˴ɵġ
诽ԼľԽһ£ҲҲࣿ
ǰ
ֱ׳˵ʱԼ϶Ҳѽ
诣Ǹͷˡ
˼֪˭𣿡
̱ʾ̫ˣңаǵʵһڰб
ȷʵ
˿µҲܸڰ
̾˿ˡ
ҲǷҪ֪˭Ҳһʡ
诣Ҫ㣬Ǹձ
֪ǸձʲôطȥܱҰ׸ţȻҵĸʲ
Ҳǰٷ֮㡣
ʵҲڰ׸ռӡǣȻʱ̫ˣɢˡ
ڿձ߶ʱҲͼЩɢݰļϣѰصϢжԼʲôط
ȻûпȷϵƣȻһЩƵĴʣոѰһ£Ҳûκϡ
̣ףʲô鲻ɲӦá㻹ǵʲô
ţҿһЩ־Ʃ練ģĺƽģǸ¼˵ǽܿѷ
诽ʾ֭ػţضǸձ֣Ҳ̫ȷ
Щפǲṫģѿ϶Ѳ
̳൱ȽαװԶ㿪״ҲԶ㿪˻߻۾
ȻֻҪлˣͶ㲻ɨ衣
һʵ࣬ԴĽǶȣҲ̫Ҫ⡣
ֵط˴ɱαװ豸׷ʧ飬ҲȻᱻ·Լ
诶ʱˣһҪݿ⣬ȥһٵĻؾʲôط
ּĺ˵ЩѶȣץֱ߲ӱȻ߿ƶԷ
ҰҰɡ
̵˵ûٵ»Ƚ鷳ȻѾ군ˣֱȥʧС
诣лˣʱûǮ¸²С
һ£Ц˻ˣ
԰
һ˵һ߿ԶǱ߿ռվԱѯԼʲôɫ
ָָϵĺɫսģʾɫУȻŽڱ˸۸񲢱ʾͬ¸Լʲô㡣
诣˵ʵȥƥ˹ܲ鵽ǸձҸȥҵĴ
ҪĿǰطֻһǺš
̣ðɣҲƻȥһˣ̫ȷϣܼɡ
Ȼͨˡ
Ťͷ
ֵսҲһڣΨβƺڿڵĹȦһһ⡣
ԱǷ׷ױʾЩҪǮΪǸ˵ĳ֣ǿȫᱻǵɱ
˲һ䣬ҴϵĶλװñǲˡ
лˡ
żʬתսЩҪȥ͡
򵥼һ¿ΥƷһٵһЩܵҴڼ㱻Ʒ
ȻϤһ¼ʻҵĲ֣ܿ콫ɴתͷ򼸰֮š
û˺ɽյļٶȣܾø̵ִġ
Щˬ
ͨѶȻ˸
ִһ£ͨ
ˡ
ĳôôã˵ǲָʲôʱˣ
ƺָӹ٣ҽҷɴԭȵĶӳ
ۡ
ЦһҲܹϾɱˡ

ָӹٵһϣЦΪ˶λװãǾҲˣ
诣
Ϊ鼴ʼƥ˹Ȼ䱸ɭϡ
һֻȥѡ
ǵǵĽӣҪǻܽȥϲŶԿ̨ˡ
ǸָӹٻҪ˵еزһ䣬ǧڵĳŶ
ʲ
¿Ȼ
ȻǱߴһҵ
һ룬ָӹʶ仰ʲô˼
ˡ
Ҷϵǰһ룬读ָӹٳŴɤţʹĳЩԱǿЩ뿪Ĺط
诣
Ȼһ¡
ԷʾţԼֱͣǹء
ͻǺ
ǰٴλȻʱѾ˰ƥ˹
Ǻ滷һŷƽ̨ԿƴĹڣԼֽװá
ͨѶٴʾһ޴ɨͶ
Ҵһһ
诿յϢڽܼڼ䲻ҪκΥԸľ档
˰ӣһ֪ͨϢǰĳΪ819Ŀռվȫ
ΪҴûмʻɣҲûκϵĴţɨʾװ˳ģ顣
ʵϣΪɨʾֻһˣ˵Ҫˡ
Ͼ̫ǵĴˡ
诶ЩҪ޷ǽǮ
̫οһƬī
ǰŹĽɫƣ˿˿롣
սƺһҶۣѲٶƽǰ
Ѹ
诶λǸ819ſռվСʱĺڵִĿĵء
ȻѲٶȺܿ죬ȻΪԾǨԶϰ˴󽢵˵Ҫ
819ſռվҲŶӡ
ҷɴֻͣΧţÿǰһĶ顣
ѾеٴοδϢ
ȻֱӴλ
ڰǰ˸ϢڱһЩںż棬˷ܿ
___Ǳħ˴ʧ֮߿˹ϵĴ
___ҰѪŵĻˡ
˵Ǹɴ֣诼ǵ»λѣԷһǲǳƵ͡
ƶû˹ġ
ƶû˹ġҳˣģֱȥ㣡
һػϢˡ
___[]㻹
ƶû˹ġУ˼µԪܡ
²˵ҲܲµҵȵǼҲܸо
___ҾԸĸǳˡ
ƶû˹ġ
___Ҿڹ㡣


123 
˳˼
˵Ҳе
ʹ׸Ķʧ, Ҳ㲻ƶοӴúõġ
Ȼǳ, ΪȻԼ״̬
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ƶ, û˹ġһ»ߵǳƵ˾Ȼ˵֡
___ֻΪһ, ÿοǳ, һԼ˵ĸо
ˡ
ƶ, û˹ġð, ҿһ¡
ҪǶ, ǾͿûˡ
ٴδһ°طǸꡣ
λڰǡǰƥ˹ڣϵ֮һһŵĴϾС
ԼĿǰ819ſռվ, λڶϵ밢ǴһСʱҵĺ̡
ȻⲢΪĺܽΪƥ˹ڵǺżࡣ
һϲר, Ȩʹá
ȻǳкϷ, ȫת, Щϵ൱ġ
ȲûԼĴˡ
սʮֲ졣
ȻݻٵзؾߵĻ, ԼЧʡ
ɴڽ819ſռվ, ָĲλͣɽ, ֱרõĽԭء
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˵鲻˼, ǶַϷĺڻ, ϵõݲһ׵¡
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һûκɡûκεǼǵķɴ
ǰûͲˡ
Ȼ诿ţʱʲô仯
һħ˵
Ųûԭ򣬵ȻԽԽħ˴ʥܳˡ
Ȼûÿĳ̶ȣ̫ϮĴ
˵ԽԽ࣬ҲЩ˽һԵһ壬òȥܸơ
ֻмٲˣħ뿪֮ƾǿԪػ޲Լˡ
ʹˣҲҪʧȥʹм尾ãȵħϵԪɢǲʹԼ
ﵱȻдô꾡ȻֻЩֻƬܴƶϳЩʲô
ħҪӶܣȻҪ˶ȥ
ĳֽǶ˵ħ˳Եǵһ֣ǵΪøħȥǡ
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ڵź罻ƽ̨ϣ˸Ϯ¼ԼΪȶûþͱѹȥֱӱɾϢ
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˵ûĺħ˽֣Ҳħ˾ʲô
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һǽħ˺ߵ˵ܿ춼ᱻɾøɸɾȻŴ
Ϊ˱ⱻץȥΣǻỻ²ۣ˵Լɾ۾ʲô
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ЩʿᶨΪħǲ߶⣬ħ˾ͻ뿪Ҳúƽ
⣬Ĵ𰸾͸ˡ
ץеߣǼйѺĳطħ˰һ򾡡

ˢһ£ЩԲ۹Ȼֱɾˡ
Ȼͨ˺ߵˡԲκͳҪĳ档
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û̫ʱȥЩ
ֻڵʽȻڿռվļҵصĹ档
˺Ϸ񲹷оƬ֮Ϣ⣬һЩڻǲοĺϷע
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ЩǰҲȷʵĵֻ̣Ҳûܸ֤
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ڼվһ칫һעĹԱн̸
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ϸµ¹涨һٽе֤ǵ̫սλʧطϱǲûжЩݽбݡ
Աܵ˵һվ
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Է˵ͷ׼ͣڶǰʱ֤㹻ҪҪϷݣԼɴ֤ͼʻ׼ɡ
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ȷʵЩĶƾҪ밢Ҳѡ
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ΪͨͽȽϵͣٵڰ͵Ķȡ
һǵӳֵǧ
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诣ʲôڻȥ𣿡
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ЩɴɵĽӷ󣬾ͷ·һֳ׹ǰգ貵ǿ⡣
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Īǹ
һҴ󽢵ײײ뿪˳ռͨ, ҡããǺ֮С
ĴӡйʯŵĻձꡣ
ͷװ˷ģ飬ȫ׵ķ豸ȽĶϵͳ
Ҵԭټϸװѣ۲, һҴռվ߿ոﶼΧۡ
Ȼʱ˿̣˶ûȥҴˡ
ڳռͨǿշ羰һ̣˶ظ˿
ϵĴԱǷ׷̱λϡ
ɵƯ
Ա˵, ԾǨʱлģʽ, , ԥ
ǸҲ֪ôˡ
ԥҲɫ԰׵ֱߵĶ֡
ǰ, ʥΧԪܱϳ϶, ԽԽħ˴ܳ, 
˹ͨõϢΪ˴סǿЩڶصԡ
ܿԪǽⲿ˽, ˸ʱռվʹƽ̨
Щħеǿ߲壬෴ǻӻ־ܻĴڡ
ǣЩ¼ħ, Աǿ㹻ɱ, Ҳᱻ𡪡, Ȼȥոǡ
ʯŲܹħĸ֡
ħеǿȻҲȥԸ, ʣµľͶԸЩԸĵͼħˡ
款ĸ֮һ
ԥΪİѧ, ѧУϿ֮Ҳһ˹
һʱս, ˼κħ˵Ľ, ǰ, ǿѧħ
ȻֻǿħԪҲʮޡ
Ҳζǵˮ׼
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Ҳûõչ˵ĺԥ
ҲûʲôȻθָһҴ󽢡
û죬ĳ¶ȴҴææϹǸħ˸ɼܡ
˴ѣĿռȫŤ
ԥӵܣҲԾǨ״̬ռ֧ͨ顪
ǧһ֮ʣƾż޲ǿ
Ȼͳط
ϵͳ쳣
Ա˵
ԥɫصؿϴ档
ֱ治ԶǿǵıŻ֣Ҳûκξб־ԵĽ
Զ̫ƯһЩĴеƬȥһš
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ĴԱǶһʱ䣬Բû˷
ȷʵЩˣЩ£ĥĥҲһ¡
ΣգҲὫʵԼĴԱ
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ǲǴڶıը෴ǱⲿƻҩĽṹҪĻͷ·ƬӲͬи
ԥȻòҪˡ
ĴԱǶ𾪵ؿһĻ
˭ұ֤󽢵ĻԵֿ
ħ𣿡
˲ΡΡؿڵ
Ҷûлش
ǶԴ֪
ʥ
ԥɬ˵
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ԥ̾һͺѳȥˣҶԪܣԽʧ֮һѣ˵
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ϴǿǧ֮⣬ֳһƬɫӰ
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ԶԶȥͬһƬƣлƯţϢѹȸС
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ԥЩ𾪡
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ҴĳӦλϣңǾԲǿʹӦе״
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ԥЩɴרҵͬѧ̸ǽʱЦ˵ǽװĿռվ
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Ǽ𣿡
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Ȼһİĵط
Ļˮϴǿһųɫǻתš
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ǰվһȺˣΧ˸ŸͶӰڡ
ȫŸ߼ٵĴƷװףϴһƽ
ҲǹٽӵƷ
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˵òΪӢ̲ȴ絶档
Ƕӵ˲䣬ԥֻʶɢм䲻ܿƵظֳͬһһű紵ҳ
ǰЩȥѸٱȻٿȻͣڻǵƷ
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请ǳ⡣
ոտĽ䶯, תԼҪǵĴ˳ĻҪǵĹڡ
ΪֻԴ, û뵽ǻ˳ȥռվˡ
ʵǻڲͬƽ̨ļϢ
˵ǣ󲿷˶û¡
诣ΪʲôΪϰԱڵҪ̣ܿ
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ҲǼϵļϣֱеҪС
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Щ濴ȥ
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һͷҫõļ, ɫʮְ𪣬ͬܰ, ڵƹＸԳ, ȥֱˡ
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һμּգ251
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251ǵĿոۣٵǿűСǣ춯صս֮еʶɢ

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ǵĶԾ൱ɣܺԪܣڼ仹ת˳ء
Ĳ񷣬ǵĿոۣҡҡ׹Ľ㵹̳ơ
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Щ桢ս¾ʱ䡢ԼյĽǼһһߡ
ɷǳȷš
ʶ࣬൱жôǸ
ǣΪס¶ȣΪʤֱʹߡ
й٣˭뵽ҪôǸҪôǶȡܹһġ
ҲֻǳΪ¶ȵ£˵㲻ʲôʧ
˽⣬ڡ¶͡¶ȴ򹤡֮ѡ˵ѡߡ
ѡǰߵԭ򣬴ŻΪһ¶Ϣ룬ơɡأƽһбˡ
ַ
ϲޱ飬ȴӿһݵ΢оϲú˷ܣĳΪİܶĽš
ȻЩȫǿҵĻ޷ƵʢĻ͸Ѫÿһ֯
Ǹⲻʲô£ΪһǸĺߣһᾡƾ
Ȼָڳ
͵վ
ľɫؿֻΪ֪ʲôشϢ

Ȼǽ͡
ô£
ԥκڵϣǿһԼʶԴֻͷʹѡ
ַ䣬ͨˣ˵ҲҪһʱ䡣
ôҲǿܵģҲһС
ʶ𣿡
ԥŶͷʵ
ѾܵԷֻصļ䣬Щǹ˹ͨϢԷмһˡ
ˡ
仰ҲعͷƳһۡ
˹ͨǡ
ԥǸˣء˹ͨ͸¶ȡ˹ͨµǺʹɡ˹ͨΪµġ
ɣ
֪ڷ˷ϲá
ӶȷѪ꣬˶Լķй;Ҳֻеһѡˡ
ѵΪҲǺܳһʵֵһᡣ
һˣĳ˵ģһˡ
νġˡǡǾǰéġҹҹˢ¶㿪һ۵λ
Ǹһˡ

ԥźڷɫ
һ룬һϢѹɢͬε˳ϯ
ԥֻͬûһ˲޷ƶ޷޷˼
عֻǰľǲΡΡһƬ
ǲǿΪ֮ȫֻǱѹڵء
ţֲˢ
ĻϴɫȻķѣɢƯ顣


126 
诿Ԫػ֤ԼѾﵽ弶
ʵȫҹոɼ, ֻܶҲȶԪػǿҲδͨ弶ߵĿˡ
˵ʱнʮ𲽣û˵Ƕ, ޿Ҳȡ
ߵԱߣ˺ӣ¶ʮɫľʯ
üеǮ
ɳ, ϣõмֵĽ
С
诸ɴִӺһ, ɡ
˵Ŀⶼ, ȻõĶ
һСƬʯ
ΪһܵԴǺѱܻġ
ǹ, ǿȼߵƻ, һЩۼ

诽ʯġ
£ָ, ָۣȻһָ©ϸɳķĩ

žš
Щ۾һĻ, ˶ס
Ȼ֪ʯжộƾƻ, ƾҲѶ˺
, һ, Ҳ¿̺, ǿ顣
һȻʯ촷ۣ
诣𣿡
غ˺ӡ
ЩȻͲҪˡ
΢Цһ, Ȼ
ԼһҴͣ棬ϰ̽ųȥˡ
һҴͻĻ, ٴλʱ, ͬѾˡ
нһǧ
Ҳ൱⡣
诣, İȫͽˣʹһǧϵĴ̿ͣҲҪǮġ
ǺܿҪ밢ǣΪؽϵϵ¼ĺܵ͡
ƺЩԻ󣬡˵ͨһǧϵˣ
æҡͷ
ĸңͨͶȣͰϿ
诣ˣŪ㿴
ɴ͵ҳ棬֪𣿡
̧ͷһ£Ĥϵ۾ɨҳ棬ȻܿʶϢԴ
Һںܾǰ

ȻԼĹϴͬҳ棬Ҳ𣿡
诿ѡǼΪҪͽΪҪ򣬾Ǽ˶ڵһҳͶȴӸߵ͡
诣ǰҪ󷭣󣬲󡪡ͣһҳҡ
˿ֿ˿ƬŻȻ
ʼ硣
鹫ȻҲߣϾֻҪʯܼܣͷЩݵ˻϶ߡ
ЩȤ
ûʲô츳
̹Ȼ˵Ŭܴɵĳɾͣ˵
Щź̾˿
±룿
ҲûУ
һϲ׷ʽ˰̣Ͳȥ׷ϸڣȥʵʲô̶ˡ
诣㲻ܳԷǿǿʲôϵ
ʾͬ
һ·ϣΪڣһֱ͹±һ֮ڡ
ƺ̫ϲ󲿷ʱ䶼Ŵ񣬻ǻظϢͿǹ»˽ˡ
ҲӵڿЩڵĽǶȣȻԼҲżˢˢš
ĺͬǩ졣
ܹҲֻ졣
ǰ˵ֻμӵһ磬һξˡ
诣ǲǻҪǩͣսͬ
ǵڶյĻ飬һȥģ̸׵Ŀˡ
΢΢ǣΪλĿʲô
һ¡
ΪǸ֮ǩ𳹵ͣսͬԼ׼ħ˿ս£Ȼ˼ǣƺǴѾ˵ˡ
诣Ҳ֪㣿Ϊ׼ͬЭԸħˣǰģ
˵Աߵͷ
ҲȻһۣǰǲŵġ
⻰˵ƮƮģ񣬻ǾĹ۵㣬һ㶼ں
Ҳǡ
ħս֮󣬸ıìܣһֱ൱Ͼ⣬Ҿһս
˵ȫ֮ǰҲһʱ⣬ʹٵʱڣ߾ϵĳͻҲֻƵż
˵Ϊĸ߼ǻǣδֹͣڶ
ʱĻ̻̣ͨΪ⻼ǣҲʮֺġ
£ĳߴѾ룬ȥ·ˡ
һ˹
诸˸ûơ
ϾԼϴĻǴʬϰĶԭȺͬҲһЩ򵥵װҪ
ν·Լַơ
ͨȫϢӰԴЧڳǧķװݿѡ񡪡Ϊ¼ߴȫԶüֻҪ㹻ַ·
Ҳһ
ЩȻװҴϡ
װٵճװ磬诰źͬǰ˼ʮײ·ԼΡ
ҵһԼ
Щ˷ܵذи͵İ
״ȶԼģֵģ֮ȻҲҪЧ
־ȵ̨ҪǮ
иǾģҲԭ鼼ĿǰλһҰɡ
诣УҽҲһ
ɴ밢ϵ
ȷЩ֮ԭȷӵ֤࣬ȻһЩʱ䡣
Դ൱ȫ̶Ҫ´ֻͨȫϢӰһЩʶ
ȵ֪ͨѾɽʱڿƵ飬ڸԱǻڡ
һص˴ڣЩĲɵؿԱߵĹӶ
ʵˡ
ȻոʾϣҲݡ
课ͱһԡϡ͡Эͨ˵ĹϵԼǷҪԷת۵˽бѹĻ顣
ȥ̫ΪЩ²ģȫ̶û¶ʲôǵ飬ֻǵؿੲݵ
ֻǸͳλõԶֶŮǴĵЩ¡
ôȥͶ׬Ǯ
诰š
ʲô뷨诡
ʵǸղ˵ġ
ûʲô뷨Ϊⲻҵ¡
读һ£һҪ˵ĻͬǸɫͷĹ󳼰ɣ˵ͦԵġ
ÿɷӦһ
Ҿ֪ÿ˶Աߣߺ߲Ⱥ壬˵ǵжԵġ
˵ͷƺΪͬ⻰Ҳֻһ¡
̾˿ЩܾһĻˣʵǿܲģϵ߶ˡ
ʯħУȫԽʣµͨ˶ߣ
ӿڵȻٱǵʳģ
йûô򵥣Ʃħ˻Ҫ취Щӵûʲôʳ
ȻħȻȱʱ䡣
ʼ磬Ӣͬ԰ɣ
ÿɷЦЦҲ㣬Ҿöν
һʱ֪˵ľʲô
ʹЩ˳ߣôء
΢Цһ£ǿߣһ˲ʮ˵ļ԰ͨ뵽κηɱ㣬Ϊǵĳ޹أҲûǷ𣿡
һ¡
诣ǸһͣʮڵǸطΪҲȷҵԪܹٵǡԣʲô
򣺡
ƺЩҲֻǺЦһۣʲôо
诣ʲô
˼һ£Ȼʵ£ٵвɺĴڡ
һȽϲ˵ʱһһ죬Ȼڴܼ
Ҳĥ˼ӣȵ棬ӦˣΪѾܶ˰ɡ
⻰˵һ٣Ϊֻüʱ䣬൱ڱʮʮŬ
˵Ļˡ
󲿷˸һӶ޷ɵġ
ȻŲйؼҲ诵䣬Եûа쳣ʱҲһȻӡ
Ϊ׼ˣװģʶ𣿡
ôǡʶ
ţ
˵
诿Цʵһξ㡮ʶҴʶǹϵлżϵĻǴеڶ˹ͨɡ
ԭˡ
ЩصͷΪİ
诣
ʲô˼
ز̫ϯĳϣһ飬ֻ¶ȱϯʱ¶ֻǸСӣ㲻֪𣿡


127 
诣
ô°ɣ
ϾԼʧ֮ں, ظԼǰֲΪԼİƥ˹
Ȼ½ƺе鷳Ҳû˵
֮, ɴִĿĵذϵ
һϾУΪϵģǺ
ܱٵ׵, Žռվ, ÿһ̫սһһ
ΪԲ, Բǧǿڣ˽䱸ɭϵ״̬
Χнذ, ǿſ, ӦǰĴֻ, ûܽ롣
ңûκýܻ׼ʸвɷûκֳ¼ơ
췽ؾһ, ǰȫա
֮ⲻٶ˵һ֡
Ϊ̫ʥ֮ʵ, ƥ˹һмƿС
ЩýָƼֵĿ, иֵֹı۲
Ҳ˱ʾ֧֡
Щ罻ƽ̨Żظﶼܿ
ĳЩľڼǾü߲ǺͬһƬ
Ц, ĳЩýԼ, ˼ôԱǧ, ɲΪ˿Щ˵θڵ
Ƶżʡ
ĸáָñӵۣûҲͱɾøɸɾ
, ܶиٷ˺űʾųֻ¼, ںƽԼսʱЭ޶֮, ڷųհ汾
ֻ۲β˶ⳡȴǱڴġ
ЩǹڱͻشִܸССսĥˣеϣһн
ĸоսٵˣҲϣڶʧһħ˵ĳ档
Ҳֻӵʤġ
ϾħˣһϦ֮׶ǡʥɷĿֲڡ
ħ˵в֮ǰǻһģǻֱ¾Ҳٵʹࡣ
ÿһλˣȻͬȴûϸơ
˵ִﰢǵĿǰǰ󳬹λͶƱȨûдﵽһ١
Ȼǳڰȫػ⣬˶ԼҵĽӡ
ұܱߵÿһռվ㹻ͣϰҴʹ
ˣʹ֪󲿷ѡסڴЩռվڲװҲ൱ݻָ߿ƼʩΪȫÿһ۲ơ
ȥתһȦɳϿ棬ԱΪͷ
诣˵ĻѾʼˣһ㶼
ʲô
򲻽˵ȷ㻹ܸΧ۵һ֧衪뿴Ļ
诣
Ϊϸȫû˵ȣһ·ϼΪ
ǳִﱴвʱʮͳߵʢ磬ѾĻ
ǿá
ƺĳ־ʯ죬̲ɵĹţ˵ĽŲɢ롣
˸еһǺĴ
⣬ĳֿռ۵ڲܵĿռҪԶԶĿĽ
ı߽硣
¡
֤֮񣬶뻮һûһ˿覴á
ע⵽ȫǷˣƤľϸȺеĲÿۿ¶ھλ
ѡ˲ڡ
ָռ䣬ȫϢͶӰźͽݡ
Ǽʱ诲ŷԼڶ㡣
Ȼռ伫ΪٺûɢվһΧء
էһЩӵ
ۣϲĿ
诵˵ҼʲôŲ
ûŨˮʳ
ӦѭװõǿЧϵ̫Եʡ
ڸй˵һǳĵ¡
Ϊ񲻵òμʱѾԼԼ桮ˮɷ'Ϸϧ
Щź˵ͨҲûȥʵȷ𰸣ȻԼˡ
Ϊʲô
ʵ
诣ÿҽʱ򣬿νģ棬֮ͨһֺûʲôϵ˳ġ
˵Ҳȥʱˡõġˮˡ
ðɡ
ƺһ£ȻַˣôҲȥԵӶȥȤ
诣УҲţһҪ˵󲿷ʱ򶼲ôȤ
ÿɷ
ͷȥ·ء
ˮǹк£ҫǺӰ貵ľʯ
ʵ淺һ㱡ʵĹ
衣
ԡ˵עӣɱֵȻʣһȷزŽࡣ
˽µɢ룬һʱͬƶˡ
诿ϸһĻһʱϳˡ
ðɡ
ҲǺ졣

Ǹǰһ֮ԵϹ
ǹ£ΧŲѩ׵Ƥݡ»ڵڣǰ¿ۺͰơϸԡ
ϷԽĳӢ覵ס
΢΢ͷ
׵ڣʮ̱ʯɫǳÿһŶˮɹ˫ɫá
֮˶ͯ߳ǡ
ȻһſΪмаζ
ڿȥرˡ
Ҳ˵еģֻıƽž̸ĳЩϲĻʱӡ
֪ⳡĻĲǳǩģȻҲǲֻܾܾһû˻ܾѡ
ǡɳ鵽һһŮ
ǿ˽ãǰ̣
ͳε򲢲Ժ˵ô¡

ұǸŮҲڰбεġ
һͷںŨܵĳͬ⻬ĽУ׺߲ʱʯϸ
λ´һϯȹװ̻¶ļ羱ֱƯļǿ
Ȥؿ
¡Ŭ
һֱ˵ǰеǿҲΪ֮Ȼ˶֪ܹħѾѱɱ
ƺʲôԴأ
Щͨħڱ죿ʲôĺ壿
Ϊͼ诶ʱ䵹Ҫ
ĽමȻüҡ
ڷŮ˲ȹͬ¹ŵɢѵĻ档
üĿɫҲʹȫȫչֳ
Ҳʮò
ʤϢģƬǧ򱶡
Ƥǽɫҫۣһݵ顪
뵽ǹ桢桢κֳԵ
һɵĻƽڣž޴߲ʱʯΰĹ⣬ܱɢʰ쵵ꡣ
ңӲͬǶȿűʯɫ仯
˲ͬǳĳȻϡ
֪ʲô
˹֮ᡣ
ʥ򱻻֮Ͻɫʯֵ޷
䵽Уǿ϶Ǯġ
λǵҵĹ϶൱ļҵס
ºͿʱĿԣ˫鶼ʮֵĮ
ô˵读ˣֻС֧ӣ˵Ŀͽˡ
Ǻûаҡ
Ա˴˲ʧȵȻͷҲصתԱŽȻͬķ뿪ˡ
诿˿ǵıӰ
һ˲䣬ÿֱһһ˲ߵ˶ˡ
诣˹ϵ𣿡
ʲôˣ
ĲɵؿŹԡ
诣ûղϺĹ
Ŷûôע⡣
ͣһ£⣬㲻֪ǵǵʱͽ³ˡ
Ȼͷ
ȵȡ
ǵǵ
诣˵Ҳǵ
Ҳûʲô⡣
սյϣΪѪȻûʹϣ֮Ӧ취ΣյսȻûսͽʱҲһŻңһȻҲгˡ
˵ȥһʱǵŻҲ֡
诣֪ࡣ
򣺡ٷһҲ֪ġ
Ҳǡ
ȻŶʮ꣬⼸ʵͶˡ
ߵĹ¡
诲ЩˣǵĹϵô
ǳ֪ܿˡ
£̨һ߹ȻĿбӵشǾ·ֻһźĿ
诣
źڷŮ˸ıӰԶȥ
诣Ҳǵ𣬻ǺоԹ֣
źҡҡͷôоԹأǵʵһȼġ
վ˵߶˶к͸ոյĿγԱȡ
ֹһ诿ЩϤס
һǰһԶ
ΧǰǴк
ԿóЩҪ̸ȴְĳԭ򲻵òˡ
Ǻʱ˵ĶĳƺԼ߹֮󣬺˻ǡ
˹ͨǡ
Զ˵ҵһμˡ
û¾סҲôѼ
Ҳǡ
ȷʵÿ
ҵǾ¶Ưϧƺû
˾ǹ°ĻǰУֱߵߡ
󹫡
ǰ˵ͷ⡣
˸ӼߣúװԽĵüȳƺЩſ
ԡǹԣͬ˫ɫǳ͸ӣѩĽ»
ĿеЦⲻȴ۵ף鿴ƺȴ͸һ䵭롣
΢ЦŻӦԱ


128 
ǵĻݵ, ȥ˭Ҳ˵Ļˡ
Ϊ鹫ǰĸ֣, м
˹ͨȨ˵ĵ뷨źͿ²࣬ȥߡ
ֻǳڴкҲͲԸ˵ˡ
ȻһжƲ⡣
ϾҲɾʲô, ֻĥ
ЩضǸˡ
۸, ԷȨƵ֮һ
ΪǼĸ, ֶһ㳣޷󼰵Ĺ⻷
ЩԱֵú˲, òЩԶȴκëӡ
ΧķΧȻܺг, Ϊ˫侲, Ҳ޶浭װ
ûκνŵĽȡ
ܻ·˻أһ߸ŽĻζ, һ˵
ͳ̸Цö˵ˡ
ﲻƮζӰȻ诲ûעǡ
ΧĴһǰ˹ͨϡ
Ȼ, ǲͬ, žƱشԷ, ԼĹע
Ȼһ¡
еķ紵ݶ, ÿһ˵Ѫ仯, ĸ֪Χ
ԸҪأҲ޷ء

ɲûж˵ʲô
ĿƮƮӹ, 鹫΢΢, ҹ
Ȼǲ׼̸Ҫʾ뿪˼ˡ
Ҳֵͬصͷ, ҹ
˵ӹԱߵĹӶͣһ£ȻͷҲصת
һ˲䣬诼Ҫס
ΧмʮڹעҸݡ
ԼףĿºʹɴ
һСʱ֮ڣйԼ϶ᱻڵǰ
Ȼ诵Ǻ
Ҫǲ֪˵ʲô
˵һʱ벻رȤĻ⡣
ȻʰȻǷϢܽ¡
ˡ
ҲǺܼźͶԷ
ҲʵǺʵĵط
˹ͨ
˼ڼ䣬˴к
̧ͷ֮⣬վһˡ
ͷĸһЩݷ·ź˪ɢžǧ֮Ϣ
¡
˵ػӦȴֱ诣ͬǳ⣬ϴκʦһˡ
ԶһƬ͵
Ȼˣһλ˹ͨվΧкܶ˰عעǡ
ʦ
Ǹǡ
ʦţͰ͵б
Բʲôܣκһ԰ͱȽϤˣ֡
ϾǰǰǰôЩˣȻҲǺĿġ
ֻ֪ǴŽŵĴʹߡ
û֪ʵݡ
ЩؿһۣϺã˹ͨ
˹ͨеĿ˹Ԫߣϴɱħʱйݵһ֮Ե
Լۺֵʱǡǿ˹ħʧ֮ʱǰ²ӡ
ԣ诱̫ȷûп
ڿӦǿˣסԼĳࡪȻҲǾ
ͬ¶ܷ˹ϲûʲôǿͷΡ
Ȼ˵Ҳǵ֮ıԪصһˡ
Զħս
Ϊ̫ԶܶϸڣȻܿܺԪܵл漫Ϊ޷νӡ
Ԫػ
ԪѶһʹ÷ʽˣ
Լô졣
诵һصĴš
˹һڽԴԴϵս
෴˵ʲôûûյ·˼ףЩѾõĸսҲһ֮ȫû¡
˭ϣҲֻӶ
ټ֣³ǱˣֻֽҲᱻȥ
һԭ򣬱ߺͻߣԸƢⷽЩ߸ͬǿ߷ս
˵
诳һӦðΪϴαħߵˡ
ѧŶԷĿǷʵ
˹һӣǲϣ𣿡
֮⣬ȻҪħȻϣ˵˳ʡӰǷӡ
˹Ϊû
诣
ԭܷģ
ԼӲקʧ֮ʱȫûܹĹ̡
ǵв
ƳһۣѾ̸ˣڲ£ǲ롣
ʲô
ǣ

请һᡪ֪Һ˵£Ҳٽһ顣
ΪԼй٣
ΪǴжйʦΧ˶ħ˵ǽڲ£
ǰڻϣ˹ûн˵
诰ĥţΧǵУҲв̵֪Ĵڡ
诣أ
˹Щɻؿһۣһߣһڲص㡣
ǰϵһŴǵ֣żΪĳкķ羰ʤﶼŵĵط
ΧٴλȻ
ǵɡ˹ͨոճ֣ôһȻָİء˹ͨˡ
λƺûôϲĳϣ˲ϯҲǶ˾ȡ
ڿƺйϵ
˲֪诵ݣֻΪǹݻ¡
诣
ȷʵ
ϲʲôģֻ߰ԼϵȴûԼôġ
شΪ͵ɽ˭֪ôģȻûϵܻ쵽ĳλߵĴϣֱӳֱ
ɴȥصˡ
诶ʱЩңǸطбҪֻΪ˵ҡˣԼ˵ɡ
ⶼʲô°
˹ȻҲ뵱ͲֻƳһۣת뿪ˡ
ԡԶͶĿ⣬ҴææطϢͬʱ˳ߵ˵˸Ǹ
Ǹ£֪ȥкܻҵ˼ʹϵұ֤鷳
ƺΣԻЩĪΪʲôһ鷳
Ϊﰵ￴ǣһ˵һԶԭأƧĵط
诣ûʲôֻ롪
򣺡ʵֻǴתһȦչʾһ£Ҳеˡ
ͣͣʲô׷ȥҲġ
΢Цһ£һЩעЩѪСһ
诣׷Ϊ׷˭
Ҳ֪
һֹ˵Ŀ˵һЩ̸˹ͨǣǶΪЩ˺Ҳ൱ˡ
֪˶㣬ʣµĶǸԶ֧ݣ˵ЩСʱĿǻΪͰġ
诲亹ǵҲڣһЩ¡
򣺡ʲôǸʦ
诣˹Һʦͬ£ͬһа֯˵а̫̿ܲ׼ȷΪʵ֪Ǿʲô
𡣡
ЩȤȱȱȥܸ֪ʲôȥҹɣװġ
Ҳǡյ˰صĻظ
ʾڲ˹ЩҪϼŵ˽һЩ˵ЩѾˡ
___ڱһʮӾܵˡ
̧ͷ򹫾Ĳ뿪һ
ȥɡ
ĵ˵
ȻѾ׼ΪһСͳߣصźÿ·˵ЩûĻ
Ҳ˵ͱڵʵͼչ֣Ǳ
ϾϮļ΢΢
诣ãһ
ףȹһҹ
˻ξƱתһ߽Ĺ
ƺ˵ĳزʯĽڡ
Ҳ뿪ˡ
ǹЩʢװŮŮྭűֵϤס
诶ЩȤڷԼʱӿ˽Ų
ȻڸĿʳֿ֮ʮͬˮɵȪ
һȪϼɣҺףлϸѩ״ᾧǹ
ŵĿ
һΪ԰ٱֲֲҪһЩضġΪϡѪҺܿ
ҺüֵǶ޷ݡ
诼һСƿƱʮλļ۸񣬶ǸƿɫҲ֪ŨԶԶǰȪ
ػʮӲִܵͣŻҪһʱ䡣
ɴͣ½Ųغ
ԡ
ȻһͳԴɳƵŮ
ͽʲôϵ𣿡
Ȼͷ
¶žƱӸµؿӰԽԵ䡣


129 
ʥ
Ī
ԥڳǽϲĲ, ͷλεĵƹҫţ¶ȵװתãȻĶȴð
˫֧ڱĵذ, ָ亹ˮҲʪ˵棬첲ϲš
ǿҵѹȸнɢֻ÷·ѹŵĴɽʧһ˺, Ҳ˼
ڵԪȴڷӿ
Щԭݷܵ˴̼, ֫ٺ, ٲԭȹ̵״̬
ԥܸо, ʹԼҪħ, ¶޷ؽԪֳܾˡ

ãȻ־ֵؿϴ, طԸˡ
ϾĪȻ߽⣬ǿֻʣ²кЩͬųͱһ, š
ڷ۵ȻվԭӢϺޱ飬Ҳϲŭ
Ȼǵոշ, ԼǶݵɫ仯, û˻ǡΪըһ򡱡
Ǻԥڳľ, ҶʶȻڼȵĲˬŭ֮, Ȼ⻹ǹעص㡣
صһը˸
⵽ôģ
ԥðʺš
һҪ˵Ļ, Ǽĸ־ͬ¡
Ʃ诺¶ȵľ
ȻȻû, Ҳѧħ, ڹ欵ָ, Ҳ֪ǱȻħ״̬սĽ
һǶݵĲħҲҪħ˻ŹҪôǻŹһʱ䣬Ҫôƴȫһ
ֻ״ԪײԻƻܻٵһ
Ͼһ
ȻֻһŲ̫۵СǣҲ򣬲һֻһС
һ򲽽ǿܣҲƻ򣬵ҲиͷŹ̰ɡ
۾ļһʲôûֶû̧˹һأǱըˡ
ˡ
ߵ˶ûˡ
ǺֻǱĳѹһʱ䶯úѣûܵ˺
ңɴ
Ҫ֪˲ЩٶȻҪ죬ҪǿͶҴϣǽҲ̻ҷ
ԥѾ˻ҡ
˵жǿ
𣿣
һһ߰ͷΪֻ¶ȣʵԥҲˡ
ɶԷǸħˡ
ֻ벻ΪʲôҪ
ЩǲʲôԥΪ˵Ȼһ
Ϊ诣
ʶ诣
뵽ˣԥϵĲʣͼ¡
ҲȻ

ŭ𽥽ƽϢһ֣Ȼ뷳֮УͬʱҲܵΧȺ˶ʲô
Щǵ뷨ͬС졣
ΨǸպԶ࣬ں˼룬һѲʵʵ
ѾԲİ˺гԿ诺˹ͨ彻öŭķչˡ
۵ൽ
ɼǵ˭
ѺԥСץǰȫֻΪоԪࡪҴϵˡ
֮ŷе죬ȻˣڹӶſڼһΡ
ǰպģȻǱѾȹһΡȴ˲鷳öȥѧĴ
ԥȫϢӰҲ
ȻӰߣҺԥ̫ˣɤҲûôУԵһʱȻûϳ˭
ϸոշ£ԥȻ뵽һԼӵˡ
诵ͬ
233ǵʱ򣬹ӶЭĸ᳤˹˵ںһĸִ
ǸAӶ
ɱļߡ
ʱԥԴ˸еǳ𾪣Ҳû뵽ֵȼĸֺ
ٺ251ϣ诵ͬ°˹極ٻ
Ϊ˵ݺĿģ诲ϧ¶Ⱦ
ԣûһֿܣĺߣǸͬһأ
Ȼ˻ǰˣ
ԥ̫ȷš
ɽԥԺ
ͬʱԥԼԲ诵ġǰѡǡ󰮱ܻĵĺϻˡ
Ȼٴתءг𡱡
ϾԥΪļ¶ֻ֪Щ诺˹ͨйص顣
ɣ
ƳŹصĺַꡣ
ԥȻе
ոЩʸǿɢȥŻһٴſڵϣָذŵ档
ΧľǸʱǵǶָվ˵һߡ
ڴҺȷ˴ʲôϢ
һͶȥǴĿ⡣
ȻԥҲˡ
ſڵϲţ߷·𱻿ľֶסܹħˣȴӲΪϢʹ
ԡԲ𡪡
ѵؿ˵ȴֻܷһЩģҡðЩġ
һҲû¡
˵Ļޱš
ȻԷ֪ԼΪʲôҪôˡ
ԥ͵ش˿
ѹھߵϢȻɢȥŲصؿˮҪѶǰķ˿ʪˡ
ۿŶԷǱӣֻôôˬ
˵ۼÿԡ
Ϲˡ

ҲٲֻƺպûаȤˡ
ǸıǸ˾ϲ룬ҾûҪð˼
ԥһԼ̱΢ǸҸոЩ뷨ǡ
ڷ꿿߾Ӹµؿڴһֻ׵˼ôŪ
ԥ˫ɭʱϼ
˵Ȼֱ˼䡣
ǰֻ251¼֮ҲûĹ诵Ϣ
Ϊⶼǽ·ģûôѹҵصĻ䡣
¶µ˵诵ݣ֪233ǸɹһʱĹӶҲʲôܣϾǹӶЭᱳϰ˹ͨ塣
Ȼֵ֪ʵˣǰȻڻϼġ
ֳҲͱЩŵﷸĺӺôһˡ
̾龪̾ҲܽܣϾǵܵ
欵˽ͺԥ۹¡
ԭΪ233ʶġ
Ϊɸ֣Լ⵹ùѧȲ˼һָͷ
ǸӶɱǿˣʮ²ѧħҲûʮܽħˡ
һһĽ诣ѧħҲüˣûȥһԣžŰɡ
ԥֻΨΨŵŵӦš
˵ͬ233ǻһʱ䣬ǻҲӶЭᣬϲʶǸˣ
Ȼ款˳һ䡣
ԥΰɡ
ɿʹף˹ͨ϶ѾõԼڰǵ¼ˡ
ԥи᳤˹Ѱҹ诣ǵʱʯĸ֮һ
˹ںһֺ
ȻͺԥûʲôϵӶЭһֱעԼΪ˹ͨһֱҪ޸֡
ԼʹûкԥѯʣЭҲᱸ诣Լĺϵ
251¼֮˹ͨҪ诣һ˳鵽ԼֻȻ޷ȷǴĺǲԼˡ
϶Ὣ뻳ɵ
һֱʥ򣬿Ҳ̽ôƽ
ߵĴڣ˵ǻΪǽŵˡ϶Ҳᱳ˳ɻʾй١
Щ˼ּԥļ䡣
Щˮںԥļ￴˸˷ŭ¡
˹ͨһֱڹע诡
⵹˽˶ԹֻΪΪǿߣѾǵĹע
ʹ˫ûǰǶιڣҲִܣ䶯һ֪
ԥǺĸ߲㣬֪൱ޣֻǹ欿ʶ诵ķϣż²ۼ䡣
Ҳˡ
ԥڵɪɪɫҰס
ɣȥ˿Ⱥǹ
诿ǺϲǸֹһμϹƬӰˡ
ɳ˳ǣʦһɱ˶ħ
͸ˣ
·Ͽ췢Ҫ࿴ۣΪǸ۵ģ
֮ǰһжˣ
ǰ»ᷢʲô£붼Ը롣

ˡ
ԥôš
Ѿûеڶըˡ
һѪ쿪ľԼʬ塣


130 
诣
ʵû뵽, ¾ȻǷԻǻȤ
诹ãȻ̧ͷʶ𣿡
ؿ
ǰǲ, Ϊ󹫵Ͳмֱ˹ȥ
诺ֻǹӶϵΪ±ƽ
ԼԣĪһˡ¶Էǹ, ҲǺӡ
诲ܵš
΢΢ͷ, ںŨܵĳԼϻ, ˿϶кһλõĲʹ⡣
ϴĵ׹һһСԲɫʯƽν, , ʵ߲ʻԹ⡣
ȥΪǿ˹֮, Ҳȷʵá
ͷսҪúôǰĹӶĳвźš
, ճ˫·ĳΣյʳ
ǿ¡ŬĺϷͳ, ֮
Ȼǿһ, ֱ, Ȥҽ˵
˵̧һֻ, ָȻ, ֱǰĹӶ
诣ܸʶ㡣
Ȼһס˶Է֡
ְͬž
£
Ҳǵһܾǹ֡
ȥЩ΢, Ȼ±ݺײһ, ڿеȴ˿
¶൱Ƶ΢Ц, 诣Ӷ󲿷ʱǮͿԵκְҵˡ
ֱߴ̵¶ȡ
൱ߣˣѾճĤ׵ĳ̶ˡ
ԷֱһȦָֹ˳ǽڷ
ֶȥԼӲץסֻ֡
²֪ʲôȻЦһס˹Ӷݵָƣ󲿷ʱ򣿡
ʼ磬һУ˵
΢΢ü㻹ûشҵ⡣
úͶԷһʵĴ𰸺ʲôϵ𣿡
ҾͰ⵱ǡСˣ
ۣϵȻӾ硣
诱΢Цֱ
˼ҪԷĹͷˡ
ŬƲҪԪػħͬڳԼһ
ȻⷽȷʵȲԷ
Ȼ˵ƺҲʲô¡
ҪߣǰĹݺһ
ѹջ뷨ûйϵе𡣡
µиɱǵˣ
ʼ磬Ҳǵɱ
Цһʦʲôϵ
诣ôˣ
Ϊ˵һ˵ҵĵ̸¡
˵ܵÿ졣
ǻΪ
Ͼ˼ˣڵļҹǺ˾ܲҲꡣ
诣Ҳ֪ôݺĹϵҪܵĻҿԺԼһ
¶ʱ¶񣬡˯ˣ𡣡
诣
³׷ſ֣ˣôʱҲƵ뷨˯ľԼģҲֻԼϡ
诣ҿûô롣
¶Ը
诣Ҳκ˱ҵĸĳ˱ҵģô˺Ҫ˺ǿҪҵѡķġ
̫κ˽ҪܱĹϵ

ЦΪʲôܰȫ֧䡢ƿصĴأ
诣ΪҪʱ䡪ĳ˶ƴкôҿҪܶһǾ仰ҲΪκ˸𡣡
ԼĴԱǣڸ飬ҲΪԼġ
⻻һֹϵαأֲǲ
𣿡
˼شӣ˵ˣֻΪɣô˯˾û˼ˣŵһһ
诣Ҳ̸ϡΪʲôʦԼս
ÿɷ
诣һֱڷ𣿡
ò˵ԷᵽУȫԼֲ˵ȫͬ
ⷽһʲôʲôΪһƬɭ֡
ȻϣԼû㹻һԲܾɭָ
Ȼ˭ܱ֤ǿһأ
ѡȥѰǿҲиʻֻ֣Լû
ͽŵĶԹΪʦ𣿡
ʵ
ǵǡ
µٴĮΪǸְ̫֮ɡ
诣
诺Ȼе㼤㱻ִ̫ܹ֮
üΪʲô˷ܵӣ
诣ǿǾǡ
תһһǸոջԼ߹ȥ
诣˵ǿľء
һƺ˵ʮֲмǼ֮ûʲôǿ˵ˣֵ̫֮ƻ϶ǿġ
ܡ
ħͿԵֿ
ۺսŻǲģ
ֻô⡣
ܿ˴չ˵²䲻ȵغ˵˼䣬ôɱᷳЩˡ
ȥҲûм͹Ӷ˼ˡ
Ҳˡ
ⳡͻ̸µҵѪʱѾһʱ䡣
ȻһѾӵȨǵͬһȨ
һΣȻҲһĿռվ
ͣطɴֻսͬչϣԡǹ⣬ԶԶȥֺֻ롣
ȻѾһ·϶൱˳м㶼̵ơ
ҲһεѪš
ҴĴ󽢣ڲװ൱࣬ҿռ伫κһҺ͹޵ʮֿ
ʿʮޣĴߣ˾úܷɣޱƵĸо
Ǹոл顣
Ⱦͷֳ˵Ӱ
۾һ㲻Ⱦͷˣ
һμʱ򣬰صͷǽɫע⵽ԷëɫǳͷɫЩ
Ҳǡ
΢΢ͷһƲĽ𷢻䵽ǰ˴һܡ
Ǵзñп͹װ㣬·ƴӵɫа̶ǳżᡣ
ȻȷʵҲֻжʮӡ
诣ˡ
ͷ³ġ
ôܴûͷʧȥĿδͷܿǰԴ
ֻǶħ˵ⶼ޸ˡ
֣ɣҴȥ⡣
ԭΪ·Ѿʧˡ
һȥŵĺ󷽻⡣
ո̤Զţ课ͿһһڵĴ󽢣ͣм䡣
Ա߻һЩԼСͷɴӦöǰص˽ղء

ֱԼĴ
Ĵһ֣Ưһ·߿˹ӷ֡
ظ棬Ҹ¼һ顪
ⱾǼҵĹ˾Ĵ԰һȫȫļȻ⡣
˳ΧŴת˰ȦҲûȥͿʼл
ûʲô
Ц˵Ĵһ˵Ҫء
诺Ȼ֮ǰйĶԻ
ڵͬһΣϾ㣬ҿ϶Ҫ󽢡
ﾲĵģΨɨػػأȴûз
ת˼ȦһһۻǽǵĳգȻ󰲾ػع۵״̬
ΧĸӦԶһϨΨмļյ׳ȵĹâͷкҫ˳Ⱦĵ档
ȴӿӰ
ŵ¼ζһ㣬ڸȼϵϢ
ͷ
վĵطݰ߱Ӱǣ߱ƹ⹴գȻᡣ
诣ǽ𷢣˶¶ȣ˵췢ҲȾģ
һ˵һ⾡ͷڿɿϵĲŸмȾ޴ϴ
ǺգϺɫͬϼȾںǹ»Ĺ
ظ߽ȥĺ췢ȻģǼ̳ĸķɫ
š
ͷܺÿ
𡣡
غûôãҵǺϲɫ۾ͷ߶ǡ
˼ؿ
ۺЦ⣬Ҳϲ췢
诣ôѵԼĶûк췢𣿡
ʵϣҲûԼܶˣҵЩֻһԹμӹѣֻýΪںԼᡣ
زؽ͵ҿԻش㣬ûС
ʼ磬ҲԻش㣬ҲǸϲ췢Ҳϲ𷢡
ϲʲôǾͲˡ
ϲЩԸȤĽˡ
΢΢ͷԸٺһ㣬˵Ѿϵľλ
żһ㶼ᱻͷΡ
ҿˡ
ЦЦؿһۣȻַڹӶ࣬ʳָסߣĴָ޵ظĴꡣ
԰飿
ʵ
ְסߵ֣ڸϹȥӦûٺȼ
ϵĲȻҰЩˮȪڳҲ㹻Ĵ±˺ȸɾ
ܹҲûжˡ
ǰλôȱǼء
ߡ
̵Ĳӽŵƹ⣬˫ΪǳԵĮˮɫڷЦҲ
бķ


131 
ǽһǡ
Ȼ, Ҳ˵ľ㡣
԰¸𣬻Żۺͷǵζڴݼ, 磬һ˲泩
ԣֵּǵֲƣʲôϡĶ
˾Ͳͬˡ
ʱ˿, Ӷվϴǰ, ڷ˿ɨһȾĺϽ
ɢŹ, ƤϷ·Ҳһˮǹ⡣
Ϊ߲Եʣһһ̧Ͽ, ùֵĽëһһ, ʯӺŴЦ⡣
Ԫػ
ħ
Щܳ׸ı, ˳Щ֮󣬻ҲζŲ˥ϡ
ǰҲڷ绪ï͡
ȻҲʢװϯ磬ȹϡǴƴɴ, ˿šͻؿѶ£žݵߡ
ȹڷŲ׵, ѵ»
ֻĻ, ûܲµְҵ
, һȺʢװױŮŮһ, ڵװڸǲסʡ
Ľ⡢Լڿ޺, ȷѪꡢɱдĥļǡ
ǵһμʱ㻹Ҫҽֵܺá
ӶЦʵ, ָ, ׼𣿡

زÿɷְļ, ſξµϡ
߶鷢ɢ伸ƣλƵƮţǶĶ׹
飬Ũ޵ĺ죬ʯҶƬ£һſųεĽ
ף
诺ȻҲССľ̾һϬ𣿡
ոտķ˿һĨ죬Ҳ֣߶߾ķ˿
һʩΪ
ǣҲһԹƵѪ׹ǱǶõϣѪɢ⡣
ĿǰֻһĽˡ
Ц˵
Ȼ챻קסԷһʱѵȣʹͷ
㻹ûشһء
ĹӶЦЦؿΪʲô⣿
ˣ̫ϲܾ
˵ͬʱס˺ǰȴûҪ˼ʱ㿴ȥûⷽ뷨
诣
˵ð㲻
ǻӶͶѡ
һöһŶѸĪı֣ԼǸԲС
Щûˡ
ǮҪʵǰĳЩ£ҲԼ˱Ƚ֪
ܻΪԼֻͨͨһ֣Ǿ붥ǿֻһ֮ңĴڡ
诳Ĭ룬Ǹʱ뷨𣿡
һ㡣
΢΢һЦҲҲϤֺϲ͡
˼ؿ
֪Ҷ˵Ҳһġ
ָ̧⣬˵𣿡
Цһ
ȷʵû
˶ԷԽ֮⣬ǶԱ˴˵ĺøкŶֲϤλɳԸĳЩȵȡ
ԼҪģǶԷմϾ˦ˡ
ԽӦþǳ˵ʱˡ
û̶
˼֮С
һѯʵʱǰ˵գֻǺȻãҺӦøл¶ȡ
ӦӦøлɣǵΪǵһеĸԭԼܵ¶ĲҲա
ȻһֱлԼаԼԼṩеĻᡣ
ԼҲˡ
˵һֱһ˵±ӲʶԼжǿ
˵л¶ȣҲҪΪ¶ûôԱвӮ˾ͷˡ㲻Ҿɱǡв
ͬʱ¶ȺԹƽһһûҪɱйߣҲûлŵ
诲ʲôݵӦˡĹλȨصƷӵļһɲҪ̫ࡣ
诣ȻʶԼ˸֣ԴӺһ֮һвſʼһˡ
ҲΪʲôô¶ȷսˡ
Ҫ;ֹԻµ
Ȼ˲ŹսϧԶԶΧۡ
Ȼôĺ˶˶ø֮⣬Ҳûʲôˡ
Լ¶һսֻйʯڲԱҺսûеڡ
ⳡսĽǴȥ֪Ҳ֪ˡ
Կ֪ЩҪˣʵûд⣬ֻʵǷѰˡ
ˡ
һй٣¶ȡ
诡
ЩЦؿҪʱһֱ˵ҵ𣿡
죬ұ˵ֵǣڿҲ̫ʱˡ
ļƺ˵ЩʲôҲֻ̾Ϣһ˵ɡ
ջӿߵĻˣֵȷһߣҾӦøйٵ¡
˵ʱйٵѣǽŵˡ
سѾ֪ˡ
ɵʱ極˴͵Զͬʱ°ħˣҲƵ
ϵһ·ҪôֳҪôԶƶϳʼٸ߿һˡ
Ͼκһռߣں޽Ӵ£˲佫ֹһĿ괫͵һطĿ껹ħˡԼħ״̬й١
޽Ӵ
ʱ䡣
Ŀ
ĿʹԪܡ
ÿһҪ󶼻ɸһռߣģҲҲ
š
ûоǸƺΪĳЩԭϣץй٣ҡҲϣһʼĺģֱҷй֪ҵܡ
Ҳʲô֪ĵġ
诣
ҲǺóܣ⻹ʵ⣬˵ǲѷֱġ
غº͵شҲµ淢˱ʡ
Ȼûȥѯϸڡ
Щؿһ
΢Ц֣Ϊ²죬жϴˣ

ҡҡͷֻ֮ǰȷûʲôᡣ
ûС
˵ǹӶװģǶζʲô
û֮ˡ
仰˵ǰһǵˣҲֻΪ˵жԵ
ԳʲôѪ𣬷򶼲⡣
֮⡣
ҲԷ˵ġǡָĲֵǡ
ðɡ
Ȼ
ԡ
شᣬ֮ûˣ
źߡ
סĶ׹ǳسһ£Ȼͦϲ˵ʵʱҲû뵽ַչǸˡ
һ룬ֱӱ
˴սȵϢڶתҲϲˣ𣿡
诵ĺ󱳵ŻεϴĴӡƤ
ůķ˿Ǽ⣬ȵǴӴϹ䵽ʺ޳ݵǿ׳ֱۻ䡣
ӢڹӰǳ룬ձԼĵӰ
ᱡɴƮһƬûǹѩ塣
һĺ󾱣ָЩĽɫܷ
ͬʱһ˵Ĵָ꣬˳ǻǻ
΢΢Цһ£Ȼ᲻صҧָ
ͷ

Ǻǿգһϸƻòʰ쵣Ƕ״̬̻
︡ΣңԶĺһȦһȦ״Ĺߡ
һȼյǣǻ˯ϨĻ档
ţ·𱻲нȼʼӯͣǡ
ںܾúܾԺ󣬲ųɢ
·һжǻþ
ҺȻһ¡
Ϊᣬɢҵĳÿ˹ͨΪֻһӶ
ϴǰ
΢΢۾ԣܼܵţϵĳһӦнŴʹߵ
Ļ
§סӶļͷָ»䣬ŻͷƯߣԼİ𪼹
Ӧûῴ

̲סЦˣϣⲻǽһеԭ򡣡
س̾һÿһһǽŵĴʹߣҪú˯һķʽѰҴ࣬Ҳˡ
Ȼ֪Էģ⻰ҲЦζ
üţ
أϾĿ̫ˣһһ˯ȥұʱȥˡ
说Ц


132 
㡣
ϴһ, ЩͣɴĿռվԶǺգϡɼϵĵâ֡
ڲһƬæµ, ʮƷĹԱվлһЩƻ˵Ӱ
ϸƣǺȻһЩࡣ
ֲ˻е֫壬Щɨ衢֪ͷװ, Ըõɹ
, Щ˶ڹλ, еڽм㣬еУԴ, ɹ뵽ȫϢͼ
˹ŷı, ʥԵ, ռͨѾ޷ת
иɫص˵ͣһʮš
ǡ
Աߵԥֹж
׼

ΧĹԱ׷

˲߽
Ǹڷ۵, Ŷʮģò㣬ĸ, ˼׵׷, ϴ佻ıֽӡ, ɫţпϻббƶ
һָҸ롣
ȻΧû˭Դʡ
Ҷʶ˭, Ҳ, Ƕûж࿴ڶ, ͼͶ˹֮С
Ԫǽ𣿡
ڷʵ
ǵ, , ǵĴڼƽڵļʾѾ˰ٷ֮ʮ
һ˸˻ش
ʥܿҪؼˡ
ڷ˵ȥΪԪܱʧ֮֮»ݣܼķΧǿô
˲ֱӻشǣѾ˽ǴģԪܲعᵼೣĲȶת
Ǵ𰸾ǲˡ
ڷҲģɡ

˼ӣһֵ㱨һЩݱ仯
ţǾϣҪ̫ɡ
ڷ괹ͶӰ̨˸ݣȻҲν

и׳ŵСʵ˵
˵أ
ڷᳶ˳ǣϾǵĿ˶ֶܻЩҪġ
˲ٶ˵
ڷһ˵һЦſϴ棬ǵĿ˶ϤħˣЩֵûȥˣбӦԣ𡣡
û˸ҽӻ
ǵͺá
˵ĳˣǵ뿪ҪΪЩֵõᡣ
һƬš

ʱ˿̣ѪŵĻ
ϴǰǿշ羰һûһ졣
˵Сʱ£ǵĸĸǺæµæŹæ׬Ǯæźͼĸ˴򽻵
֪˹ͨĳԱܶ࣬нĵλҪƾʵǵݵҲ֡
ֻǱȲǼˡ
ǺܲԸظҿҳᣬһ߿һдҵҲȥʦʲô
§ŻݵĹӶ°ѹŮķͬѧЩĸ׻߸ף˽ڨҪϵʽ
ס죬ۡ
ǰ
ҲЦӦÿǵ֪Ǹѧı顣
ЦøˣҲͬҲᷢϰɡ
ţ
˵
ͷؿڣקסһƮߵĽ𷢣ᳶ˳ȥܻܵǿҳĻЩһҲᱻԵɣϾô˧
ЦһͷҧҧĶ䣬˵ʵܵͬѧļҳҸͬѧĻӭҲ֪Ϊʲô
еЦˣΪ㿴ŸͰף翴ţҲ֪ѧʱҲ𣿡
࣬ȥģʵϻ繷
诣
ʵҲ̫ȥǵѧУ
ҡҡͷɿɲϲӣҿμҳܹˣ˹ƶü˸¶ȣţ¶Ⱥ⣬СѧʱͻʦҪκΪᣬ˵ʲôֱӶ˵ǿ佱ֱ˵
üȫʦ𣿡
ȻûСǿʱȫϢͶӰֵҲԼܾκ˵ġҳ
ͣһ£ʱǵĸĸѾˡ
̾˿
Ҳ֪¶ȳûãǵĸĸȥˡ
诣Ǹ
ʵûʲôҵʱЩ㱣ΪսûյڵĵطҾܾЩǺԶֱɸңûͰְˡ
رΪڿЦΪǾ仰Ǳ˼ֻҪ飬һˣҪ齨֮ͥġ
诣
Ҫο䣬Էʵ˻ʹ࣬ͺֻһƽС¡
诣Ҫ˵İɡ
š
Ӧһ˵ʲô
诣֪ħ˰ɣħ磬ҲȫңĸﵽͷϣɱܵܣκһϹȥ˹ͨ
΢΢ףȻҲ֪ˣϾ˹ŻѾ½ǡ
أ˽ţ˵
ԣȻȥΪ˵һ
ЩգʵΪһʹҲɱˣΪ˼޻ǣȻֻһȻþͶˡ
ǽŸԤ£˹ȷʵҪĸ
ҡҡͷǾһˡ
ȷʵ
ʵƵ¶˶Ǳذܵġ
ܼʱԮ
ãĸУ˭Ԥϵ
诣Ҳû뵽ħ˺ɣ
ûСһ˶뵽Щ
ؿЦһȣŴûбߣ˵Щϵ֮ǰǾͻ
ȻħйأһоͲóƶˡ
Ρ
ǿħˡ
ħˣ뵽ľͬҪô㱻ħɱҪôħˣħˡȥʲô
诳˼˼ӣ֮ǰܵ˵ħץʧ֮˵ʵԷ
أȫ̬ħ
Ŷ
ǰǸ׶ħ
ԼĿǰֻס
ֻҪȫ̬͹𣿡
ʧ֮Ƭռ䣬ûй̶ĳںڣһжǲϱ仯ģֻռԶԵȶ
ĵؽ͵Աߵã˼ƺʲôõϢ
һħҪ븽ʧ֮򣬾ͱҪԪܳռ䣬չֳѷ죬Ȼ̽ȥ
Ŷ
ˣԣǽȫ̬ʧ֮ǡ
ûȫ̬ͷȫԪܣʱĿռṹȫҵģͺѱǿɡ

诹ϧһС
ҪҪĿˡ
ֻҪͱȽǿħ˴ܣмʱקʧ֮򣬶һȥѿԼֻܵԮ
뵽ɽ
ĿǰԼûʲôͷȻοһһ׺Ͷ̬ħҲǲ̬ͽ̬ƺսбġ
诣ʲô𣿡
ս򣿡
ȻʲôָԽ飬㻹ҪԼȥѰңһ˲ץָо״̬սйϵ
Ҳǡ
°ͣ˵ȥս磬ǲиսȫ̬ħ
㰡
ܲشΪħ𣿡


133 
ʼ, һʯɣš
Ȼ⻰Ҳôһ˵
ǴǵĽֶûеڶֿܣοڻİǡ
ο˼ҲδؾԸս, ֲ¶ȣߵԼ
诣˵ǡ֪ųԱϵԼ𣿡
΢΢ͷ
诣ǻҳŵˣΪʲô
⿴ȥеɵϸ룬ҳôȫɱˣ
ǵųԱ, ͸¶ĳЩϢ, ʹ˹ͨа취, ĹˣǵͬҪ̶Ÿɡ
诣֮ǰҲץסй١
ǼһЩ¶ݵĽųԱĻ, ǵʽԴ, һ̶ƶϳʹͽڵĵݡ
˹˵, ȻĿǰܰٷְȷ
۾
诣ʹͽǣ
֪ʹͽֹһ
ʹͽʹߡʹߡ
ֽŸ߲εݼʹ߻϶ǰǵʵ, ۺ磬ʹӦö£
ʹͽΪʹߵϼ, ϶, Ŀǰ
ۺĶԻ, һʹͽ̫֮, һʹͽۺϼ, һʹͽйٵϼ
Լ˾Ǹ
诣Ҹ֪ǲǶǾǼʵ
ΰغԥػشǡ
üһ
诵һ, Ƕھб𣿡
زûֱӻش⡣
ڿͶȫϢӰ
ƺ˫
֮˵, ΪЩȥ̫ˡ
ʹͽǵĴͼʹʹ߽Ȼͬ, ӻ絽嶼һ
Щͼ˵ǲûмеͼ˵ļ䡣
ͼһЩ˰컹ǷˣΪ˳ʲôһҪ˵Ļһ
ߡػߡ֧ߡ
ֵ˵ͼʹͽǵĴš
诣̫֮ʲô
̫֮һĳƺţǽơ
ͣһ£򡯺͡־ʹͽǱʱҲǾǽŵĳԱ
Ȼ
ⶼǾбˡ
˳ƺ֮ҲûбϢ
诣˵⼸Ͷ˺ܶꡣǱʱҲʹͽ߸ɴ໹ûŰɡ
ƺҲͬ˵ʵʹͽʹҲһЩԴű͵ģЩ˲ǡ
˰бһҳһҳţڰǵҳͣһ
诲֪ʲôЩͶҲ൱Ϥô졪ϾҲֻм򵥵ĴţûʲôϸӵϢ
诣ȷеĴʹߵ𣿡
ܡǵҲᱻ滻ͬһƺţѾʹù
ĬȻ
ĳЩ沢ûдɹʶԣʵǿڲʵҲƺ״̬
ļ򣬡֪ЩУҪ̫⡣
诣ڸǾȻץй١
й٣ԭ򣬳ϼûôϲͱ˻Щ֮ͬҲ֤ʵһЩǶԽŵĲ롣
سһ֪𣿡
ܾи壬Ҳиǡߡǡ֮ڵң
ؿӣȷʵֻǼҵ˲֪£ʱġ
ðɡ
诰һۣ㲻֮ǰ˵Ҫҽ˵һῼһ¡
ضʱʧЦڻҪҽӦü˰ɡ
诵ȻǿЦģԷôһ˵Ҳʶ֮ǰݵĲ
诣ȷʵǡ
Ȼһ仰û˵
תһ룬˵硪
ͷԼİ׸ţҵﻹ𣿡
ƺеЦ
ôתϵģûȥķɴ￴װģɨڲʧأҲڡ
ʮ⣬ع֮ǰĻ⣬֮ȻûʲôᣬϣܵܲҪپǽŵˡ
룬ڲǡ
ǰۺԼԼйٵϼ
诲òĴ㡣
ҲǾǵʵִҪԼ룬ҪôҪô

诲Լô
Ȼֻһֿ԰ˡ
ΪʲôҪԼǸˣԼ᲻鷳
ȷʵкܶʡ
ŲŹԼԼҲһԷҲ£
ΪģĻԺ
ŤͷĳλͣһӣѾˣڷɴ
ȻǸ֪Ľ
ΪˣȻ˼ҵ㿪ɨ
С
Ȼͷ֮ǰȷʵûѻ˵ףϾΧкܶˣȥʲôע𣿡
ţ
诣ȥе㲻˻ӡ
ʧЦȷʵ̫ϲ˵̵С
ðɡ
诳߰Ĳϣҵȹӡ
εؿҺܱǸ
ţ
ͷһΪֱ˵ʲôʮ
ҲҪȵǸ𣿡
ҲվͷԣҲܾͣãмħҪˡ
ףã
Ȼͬ⡣
Ͻʣһɫ׶̿㣬Ҳǿ⴩ͣǼݳƷƶƵĿװ°ڿסȿıԵ¶һ˫ֱȳơĳȡ
߱˵ֳ
诵ͷɨһۣϵӡȻ綼˵Ӱ١
Ҳ
Ȼ⴬Ͽ϶ȱ·ҲʡȥȻѡ֢ʱ䡣
诣ðɣҪȥģħˣ
ǵĵϡ
诣򣿡
ⶼܵȥˣ

ĶͷʥԪǽ֮⡣
ˡ
ʥΧԪܱϲϳѷ죬ħ˲ϴܳǸռܱߵ򣬸ԹϷһֵ̡
µǺţԱԼҵľӡ
ôȻôĺôĲᣬֻ˵ħ˽ǰǽɱԭأԷħЩ˿ڳܵľס򣬽ʱʧ᲻ɹ
诣ֱӽʧ֮ô죿
Ҫ֮ǰץǡ
΢Цһ£Ҫһȥ𣿡
诣ɣһȥ㡣
뿪ˡ
ҲȰѰ׸ſ˻⣬ѲһȦͣλܿ췢һҴ󽢡
һҾԵĴʹ͸İɫװǹ⣬龧ɡڲ졣
ӴװٵȼϹߣԼӷȵȣµԼɼ
诳ű˼£ִ󲿷װԼó֣Ųߣ˴
ˮŵ
˹˹ͨݡ
û
վڲ󷽵ĲǰֻͶӰ壬˷ÿ롣
ӣԶ򿪣иһװķ˹ؾصվţֻǾϹһԲ
诿ȴ谵ͨһʱЩ֡
Ȼκλ˵ĺͽŲ
ѵҴϵԱȫǸ֣
ڰɣصĴ϶û̶ֳȡ
۷ˣ˹ͨ֪˰ɣܴҹȥ𣿡
΢΢ǷеתţƺڴӰȻ̧˸ơ
课͸ϲװȥ
һ·ڵķ棬վӣǰᱡĺϽԶŴˡ
ʲô£
վſڣӢͦһ㺮˪
Ӿ񲨶ƺҲûкܲˣֻϰԵر״̬
诣ûˣûţʦӸѹϵһɱħΪħг𡣡
˹ޱؿ
˹֪ˡ
⣿
诺ɵؿûˣ
΢΢ףֱתˡ
ҵԶٴκ£
վſڣ
ˡ
˵Ҳ˵ˡ
ûˣԻȥԳԺȺˣŲشͨԭ·أ뿪˷ɴ
̤žͣסˡ
ڶһҾ޴Ĵ󽢣ɴǰƽ̨Ա߻վһȺˣŮΧм˵
˻ݰ壬ͶӰڣװģʲ
վм˸ӺܸߣװĵԽȳ˶ơ
Ⱥһ˵һߣңңٶ׵ľ룬诽ӡ
˵ڵƻϸĹâ׿
˫ɫǳ͸ӣЩᱡ飬ű˼ԡ
Ҳ΢΢ͷߴٶ׵ľ룬ϡ
һԱߵ̸һƽԶӰܿջĿ⡣

诺ȻеϤ
诣
תͷ
ĳЦӯӯվʮ׿⡣
ĺ췢覣˫ʯתЦ⡣
诣Ϻã¶ȡ
췢Ů΢΢ףýӰԡڵƹԽԵ
ԡ
¶üЦЦؿôŰص·վڿ˹Ĵſڣ
ȻԶȺߣʱ˶˹
诣


134 
ʼ, Ӧĸ硣
Ŷ
¶Щգգۣһ
诣
˳˼
һ˻ٵȹӵ·
һǽųԱ͡
һ˴ǰ·פ׹ơ
±ĳëץסֳ
ˣȫ¶ȵĸ硣
诣
诣ȫһ, Ϊӣÿ˶Ρ
¶̲סЦ̫ɰˡ
, 硪ֳ֮һ, ô롣
Ȼָָߵķɴ, ҲҵɽųԱˡ
ʵҲìܣʹ˽, ҶҲ, 
¶ȿһԱߵˮ, ˹Ϊǽŵˣ
ףû̸
ûŴʧ֮ûء
¶סļ, ߰ɣȥȾơ
诿һۣԶȺ˵ӰѾʧˡ
¶ûеӶĿ֮, ֱսֱ, ΪܵӵסԼһͷĺڷ
, ˲ʧԭء
Ȼڷɴ
诿װϤĺ챦ʯŲ, ͼ״̬
һ伫ΪտĲ
ǰǽڶˮϴ, Ǻʯ̾͵ƽ棬һƵǹ⡣
ǰһŮ, ˸, Ӱ, һϮȹװ
ҵĽ㡣
¶һߺһߵͷڹӶ˵Ϊϲء
Ҳʶҧ䣬Ϊʲô
ڳ˶ֵ˽
ΪǸˡ
¶ͣһ£㴬ϵġ
诲״μ֪ԼʲôҲ֡
úÿҶϲ
诺ܵ˵ҹƸ¡
Ϻá
ǰŮӯӯݵͶ³ӰӶС㡣
¶һȦֹеǴɺͰص
ȻǵĸҪһЩһװҡ
˫ʺ˱˴ˣû˵Ŀ׻Ϊ¶ҲʼкѺͽһȾˡ
ơ˹ͨΪʯŶ»ԱҲϯִй٣ȫ˼İԵܲ衣
Ҳһͷ׵ĳӳ¹ĲΣòǺ¶Щƣͬǿҵ޷
۾ǳ͸˪ɫǲЦʱ򣬾ͻԵ൱Įư
ȻƲǾǿҵĸ֮෴˵ʵ൱
֮ѯߵִﰢǡ
û˭ĴӣķҲûһͼûԼ
Ҳʵ˵鹫бڵ£Ȼ¶²˵ز󹫺ٳš
ʼ̸ֲԼЩز̾ơϡΣܿתΣһ鹫ļ̳УԼĳԱǵļͥȵȡ
ԵʣҲԸӰ죬¶ȵ˼άȽѣǺһһ̸뵽ʲô˵ʲô
ȴǷǳ̸һֱȷÿⶼ˵Ȥÿ˶вȡ
ƩǽĲƷʵԼĹϵȵϢġ
Ȼ诵˽ȴ൱ޡ
ԣ˵ЩʱƲֱӶһİ֣ǴЩ֪ȼߵ˵𣬽ٽһЩȤ
诲װףú˼
ܿת˵ȫϢ
ӸͷʽٵάϵͳĶңӻģ⼼սѵָܿȫϢϷ
һһߺȣֵȼ˵ֲƵӰҲ΢΢
ĺˣħһ⡣
¶һ˵
Ҳ֪ҺԴӼԺûĸоˡ
ĻҲûа취
¶ȴ˸ָľܿʲô̶ȣԺͬ𣿡
ü˵ҸˣȻͬܣ
ͬһ״̬Ҫͨһ˵֪ܡ˼ȵȫͬ
ʱգѾеĿ˺ˣҲеĿҽһЩ񼲲
ۺ絹ǸڵȥӰһͨˣǾѵߡ
诣ҵǲôĸоΪ˻Ȼ˵˼ͻῪʼ˯
ԱߵĽһۡ
Ӧòμ¶ȵĸбҵᡣ
Ц˵ͷһڣ߿ʥ׶ʵıҵἯȻ¶塮
Ϊתͷ
¶νǲѾɾ𣿡
бݡ
ðɡ
¶Ȼ⣬ͷ˿ĳӶ֪ӣɴͽһ䡣
¶ȣ˯ˣ֮˵һСʱΪŪһЩϣȻ˷ŭؾңǳˣȻҷмֵܻʲôݹϵԽԽңֱҷҲκһ˽顣
ƿ诣ٵģ˵˭ȫ˶Ϊͬ£һˣȻʾ˭ûʸõϡ

һȥҲǸķ
Ȼٴοʼ졣
ǰǽãݾΪͬ诼ûôоԼǸˡ
Ǻܻӭʱ̸߼ճĶ顣
ֹСʱⶵתתƵźħߡ
ҲմʥΧ
¶ȷ˵ҷвֹһѣǵľһһȥ
Ϊʲô
˹ͨͬʱ
ʯˡ
գգۣ˵ҪôҸʯҪôҸߣ𣿡
ȷʵҲ֪ġ
̾һһЩ룬ĿǰΪֹûȫ֤ʵ
诱Ϊ׼˵ݡ
˭֪¶Ƚſʥǰ滹һЩٽӵĳԱ
ҶΪЩӢѳְˣȻʱǲӵ̽ʾЩ˻š
ħǳ˯ЩЩҲߵ״̬
ʥ˴缫ΪѣԪǽźţڲҲʱҵ״̬
ȻʯȻԪܵĸ֣ܹʧ֮ߴ
ֻʱ⣬Щú
ǽЩṹȶԪܳԣʧ֮ûаǵʵδܳ
¶ȣȥֻһ֡
ʣЩ״δ֪ʧ֮ﱻʱסҲѾˡ
Щ˿Уµ֪ʥ
ħáǷ߱ɸѡҴߣӻ㱨ʧʥܻʮˡ
Ȼʮϵߣ
Ǿһ˵ˡ
Щ˶ԣʵȻǿġ
߱ԱΪеļ͸˵ˡ
ٽȫԱߣǱ붼ϵߡ
˹ͨٴζӡ
Ų
¶ȵ˵Ҵĺܶ˶Ѿá
Ѿ˵ʲôˡ
ʥﲿѱٵʣµЩħǿƣ֮ڡ
ʣĻˣͬȦΧ󣬵ЩͼħȥǵѪ⣬Լ
ЩӦþȦá
诣ǱǣֱӰǾȳ׺ܶࣿ
ţֻǴ󲿷˲ôҲ
¶ź˵
Ͼɽȥʵޣǵ첢ǾˣҪԱǰ´㹻Ϣ
ʵϣȷʵôˣֻǻ֪˵Ŀġ
ָùԣ
һ򱻻ˡʥʲô֡˵ʲôֽʥ򡣡
ȤϢ
һ˲䣬ٴʧµĶѡ


135 
Ҳ˵Ϊһɡ
ֻһܾûõϢȻųڱжֻûй¶, һֱҪħϵõһЩ𰸣ôʥĿҲܴ
ңһʱ, ƺ׷ɱǸ
ȻûɱǸô߻أ
߼˵ӦûΪȫĵطɣ
ǲǳǵʥ
׷ɱʥأ
诲֪ԼŲžˣֻʶƵһЩܷ¡
ûɲԸͨʧ֮, ֻҪôʥҪôǹȥ, ȻΪ˵¡
᲻ȥЩˡ
ķ, Ҳ˳Ϊ֮
Ϊħ˶ˬħ˲ˬ¡
ķ
ΪһȺߡ
϶鷳ġ
žˡ
ûԱ߽, β²Ǹ˵, ˵ƺǺ
ֻ˵˼תħˡ
û, ħȦЩˣΪ˹ħˡ
ţ˫ġ
¶ȳһ, ЩٽӵĳԱҲսгɳѧħȻħˡ
Ҫôħ˵ս, Ҫôֱħ˵
读ع仰
Ҳͬ۵㡣
ȷʵ˾ܾ˳Ϊħ, ˶ܾ
诲Щ, ֪ҪôΪħ𣿡
¶룺Щ˼, 뵱ħ, ͸ߣȻҪĳʽɡ
ƣҪħɡ
诣Ȼľڵ, Щԭħ, Щģ
Ƕûϡ
Ҳǡ
ںܶ˶, ѡһôһʲôŶᱻȿǡ
ĥʹࡣ
Ȼħ˸ʧȥһЩĶҪ˵;ϵʹܻûж١
诣򵽵ʲô

¶˵һ֣һĿռ䣬ʧ֮򣬵ǸȶҲе͵ȼħ롣
أ
ڶ֣һԪɵĤһ򡣡
诣ԪܿŻʵ廯
ħ˿Ԫģܣħһ޷ѵҲȫɡ
诶ˡ
诣ԣҪƻ򣬾ħһħһ
Ǿͱȵǿˡ
¶ȣӦƻҪɱħ˸鷳Ͼħµġ
ٴɡ
ʥ˵һȭԪǽô̫ߵܲ·
ȻһжƲ⣬ҲĳطƵңˣԼɵ£Ǹ˺Ǻܶܡ
˼ӣʶԼٴˡ
ξȻΪѡ
ס
ܶ˶Ϊһʯ֮ħǾͻ뿪档
Ƶ˵ʵ֤ǴˣħһĿꡣ
Ʃ˵˱ǵľ
诣ôģ
¶ʵ
ҡҡͷҾսħ뿪ħеʯҲᣬǲµľЩǲҲҪʯȥûû˵ġ
⣬ſ࣬Щͼħ˾ǧٹ֣˱ħˣǰ߻ǺߣҲԪܺʵİɡ
ЩõٲԪܾ񡢻ħ޷תˡЩ඼ʧȥǣ뿴ԼĸǷ˵ӡ
诣˵˶һ٣ҪôʳҪôħˣʳħˡ
ʳﶼɵûˣħӦûֱӽ׵
˹ͨٴζһۡ
¶̧֡
诲غơ
¶ȣҲôģŶԣ֪˭ͬ𣿡
诣
¶ȣҲвôġ
̲ס˹Ļ˵ɺҵˡΪ˭˵̸ˣǴʲôЭ顣
¶ȵ˵ͷɼػߣʹͽ֮һΪֻɱеħܽս˭Ҳܱ֤Ժ󲻻ħ˽档
ϾٵħˣֻȺһ֣иħλƵ¡
诣ΪʯԼʹһܻħ˱
ǣҲΪѾħ˵ħ˴Ҳѭ
ո˵ĻʱˣĸػߣǸʹͽǲǡ
ҲĳЩֶΣݡ
¶Щź˵潻ģֻԶ̵ģͨ
ðɡ
¶ȣųԱκֱַǼľٶ˵κоʵˣǶ̬ȡ
ħĶǸħ˵ջ£ȻԸ
ҵû뵽ȻϲʦǸ͵ġ
¶Ȥ˵ͰؼֱȻͬ
诣
Ҳ֪ۺʦ
֪
¶ȴʣ֪ʦ˭УͨǸߵɱ˷˵Դ⽴Щȶء
ۺ˽ţЩ¾ѸҲܿ챻ע
ֻǶʱ¶ֹһΣΪʱҲܰϺš
ֻԾĴʹߣΪŸɻĴٶˡ
¶˸ŽЦ⣬ϲͷ𡣡
诣Ҳһ׼ȥѡѰɣͷɫԸ񡣡
΢΢üԱߵĻ˸˱ƣϧûоٰǰξۻᣬһͬһɫԾֳ
诶ʱĿ
¶Ƴһ۶Ľ㣬Ҫ˵󲿷ֶѣҵǰμҲ
ʮ
ͣһ£ʮɡ
Цһ˼ζ塮ǰΡԼһȺϱ׼Щ
һûһҡͷҾûա
Ȼ˸ȤˣӸ֪ĳƷٵͺԼƿ
ֹ˰СʱƱʾԼ£ѺõغǸˡ
Ӱԭɢ
诣
⣬ķ壬˻ܲء
¶˵ȻչһֹסӶļ򣬡ﻹ㴬𣿡
ȻȾƣһΪ
ŶȾƣҲܸо
ðɡ
Ȼ׷˵ϸڣﻹڣ뿴𣿡
ҲϲǸ͵ģҿν
¶ζؿһۣ㲻ΪҹΪҲĿζ
诣֪¡
֪Ĺҵĸأ곤λ
¶ȵӶļ򣬡Ը𣿡
诣ҲףӶʲô𣿡
Ҿʵʵ˵ɣװģԱŶˡ
¶̾˿ҪǶԿҲ㣬ֻǾбѡ⣬ⲻҵһԸңͦϲġ
诣ұ˵ĻǴģҸôó۵ġ
Ѿϼ˶԰ɣոͣȻڿ㡣
¶̯֣ûкøУңԲô
诣ðɣһ¡
ͣһ£ýŶˣ
ӵ߿ʼǾͲŹˡ
诣ðɣлл㣬һῼǵġ
ʶ뵽ɡ
Ǽһɱй٣ŵҲ֪ɱģǺûƶļΪʲô
ΪǾǿ޷вƿ
⣬ۺ˵ǲȥʥôɲɣʥҲвֹһŵˣ
Ҳ棬˫ʥ᲻ͻ
ŵΧŹ
ԼӦòŵģоǵʵǿ²һǰΧŹԿġ
ڽŵʹͽȻЩڲϣҲ֪һȺŹĳ˰ɡ
ԼڣԭķչɺܿܲҲɱй٣˵Ҳͽǣ
˵һжǲ룬ΪЩµĺЩˡ
Լȥʲô鷳ʱȥˣϵвǣҲδûбİæ;
οҲܿģ˵ײͻء
žͷȻ¶ȵӦüеһ֡
¶ȲͶӰһЩϸĲʻͼ·ŤĻĸ
Щͼ羫ȴȼʣճͬװͶ
ʮϤ
⣬ЩĸͨϸЩƴдȴϤĲ̫һ
ڵͨʸ࣬е𡣡
š
诵˵ͷҲˡ
һʣȥνĽŴʹˡ
ŶʢʱжʮλʹߣսսļһЩµĸ֣ĿǰȷϹĴЩ
诿Щʣͼǣߡ롢ˡħʿˡսʦй١ʵۺ͡ʵۣ
Ůʵۺлʵۣͬһʣͬԡ
йٺͶħѾûнδ֪
֮⣬˵ʵݶδ¶
¶ȵ˵ҲõһЩֺףЩ붼αװùξͻˡ
֮⣬ЩʹƽʱʲôǸš
ΨһܱȷϵˣһʦʿʹõӦöԱˡ
ǰαװƺĳĿĹⲻԼ
ԡ
Ϲʦͼ
¶ȼ״üⲻϤ𡣡
诣ǰҲͼΡ
ǸѪĴͼŴ֮ͬʱĳ췢˵ȫϢӰ
վѪУ߻谵Χ˵żʬ壬елǹԴɡ
ֱѵĹ֬ԽԼĻźɫĲʡ
췢΢΢Դϵ·綼ѪҺ͸Ƭɫţѿԭȵɫ
һְϣָƵʬУһָһ¡
˼ͷ
¶ȲͷһԱߵĹӶ˵Ŀ𡣡
ɷнµصͷǰٿ֡
¶ȣ
ǰһ̣ԱߵĹӶΪʲô¶Ǿᡣ
һ̣˷·ͷϵķɻβҲ˵Ȼȥ
ע⵽ԱߵƺڿԼͷȻ˿Լµջߡ
诣


136 
, ӶʦĹϵ¶Ҳ˿ˣֻǸееЦ
֪ʦ, ǰǳսҲͬѡ
˳һܾЩңҲûʲô⡣
ԣʿ, Ҽǵ
ʦȫϢͶӰز˼֮, 诲Ϲһͼ
һۡͷŶñ, һֳųȣһ־ǹâơ
֮ĴͼϷ, µȫϢֳ
Ӱｻ, ŻŮŮ˵Ц
һ¶ȹŮ, žƱŲŵشȺȹڼ⻪, мƮƮɵ̬
һͷɫ¶޳Ĳò, Щ
诣
ǵʱ251ɭġԳԼˡ
ס˹, ԼҲδôϵո, Ҫĸ
ǡʿĺơ
¶Ⱥ˿ھƿɳ, Ӧüɡ
诵˵ͷ, ʶԾ
诣˽ĺƣ
¶ȣǰ
诣
ϴԼ׷ȥ˹ǣǡǵǵĿ, ˺÷ݴ, ֱӻٵ
˵ĺ, ˵İͬС
诣ϵҲǸ鱨ӣ
¶Ȼ˻ξƱȷʵǸˣҵܶ࣬ĶҲܶࡣ
ԴҲ鱨ڡ
ֲǰ
ô֪֪ʵݣ
ʹ֪ȴԼҲûʲô¡
ǼһﱾҲ˰ˡ
ϹͼȴûκòӰЩûӰֻս֮ǽ塣
Ѫɱֳ̳ΪĳУƬ̫սʣк
ȻⶼǴʹǵƷ
ҲܴͬЧ
ǵӣ˽˾ĽӣЩĶһһľ
ʹƾ˿ɲǲһ֮ĽԶŵΪνָߵֵ͵
֪ǵ˶ԣȷʵƵϸߵ
ڴ󲿷˵ֻǸû˵֯ˡ
Ȼ˵ʹжĴ٣ǵ춼ȥ£Ǵһ궼δжһء
ÿжҲδضǣƩϴйٳ֣Ҳǻֵһսѡ
ûϸ˵ⷽɵԶԶЩǵ֯
˵ִͷＯˣ˵ЩСǵ֯ȽųԱĻƵҪߵöࡣ
ȻĳЩųԱܾǵ˽
Ҳκݡ
¶ȣʵٲ֮⣬ﻹЩġ
Щ⡣
ֺܶ࣬ȻԷ仰ȻʵƷصۺۡ
ӦҲɡ
¶΢΢ﴽʦˣɱˣҪôǹҪôҲõġ
ɱĸĳ֮⣬ۺ绹ɵһЩ֣һЩͬΪǵǿߣȻԽŵ
ĳЩԭЩӰ˽ŵ棬Ҫ
Щɶе
¶ϹͶӰڣǱʦɱˣȫϢӰҲɷĺˡ
诿˿ǵϢ
ЩʷһԼˣ¶һ飬־Ȼġ
Ҵûһ˵ֻ
ĬĬص˴ڣǻţʹûͽҲȥɱˡ
¶Ⱥ⣬ɵĸ
ΪͬѧױܾͰż֮ͨԽʼǸţżѾ˵ˡ
ģ
¶Ϭȥ·Ͼ˵ɱˣźָء
źû׵ԷΪǸˡ
ϾԼȥɱˣҲǰٷְܳɹġҲ˻ߴһ뱻Էӵпܡ
ܲԼϣ
ҵĴ𡣡
Щֵؿһۣ˵ŵĺûһ
¶ȲÿɷЦЦ˵ҵĸо
һԲؿ
ߴսٴסļһֻžƱҲ׼¡
ʵҲڿǼţ𣿡
¶Ӷļ米ļʵȻֺأҲ
һѡ
诣
Ѿˡ
ÿƮԼϵĺ췢㲻ϣҼţȻӦϴϢ֮İɡ
ɲϲԼվС
¶ֱЦȻǣʲôҼȲ£ҲԸµˡ
üصǰ߻Ǻߣһ˽ң
¶΢΢̧ͷʯ⻪תںһأװģ
ҵĵƹʣǻԡ
¶ЦЦؿ覵գӹͷĺ췢ͬﵴˮ
诣
诣֪һǸ㻹ڵʱķΧ
¶ȺЦһΪ㻹ǸС
ô˵ɡ
ȷʵԼ곤ꡣ
⣬һֱֻСŻⱻ˵С
ԼӦñֳν̬ȣ¶˵Ǵġ
诡
¶ʵؿڵǺͽ֮䣬ͣͻ˵ǵҲûҲûôŽᣬǶԣЩǿԺġ
һ¶Է˼˵ڲз磿
¶ס
ҲѸٲµ˶Էû˵ڵĻ
ſвͬϵĳһɵͷˣĳʹͽ
Ҳǿ˹ΪԼ˵ļһ˹ͨ˵ɱ˽̸ɻЭ顣
ڼ䣬Ҳ֪һЩŵ
ȻڲЩ磬ôһɣ˹ͨϣǺ̸һ֯
¶֪Լյ˽ŵ˵ǰЩĳ˵ϣԼš
ΪһԼţӦҲᵹһɡ
ԭ򡪡
诣ڲķ磬Ҳ²£ǲһħˣһ෴
ʹԼ룬ҲںߵӪ
¶ȴû̻ش
췢Ů˼ؿһۣڲìܣǳΪħ˻ɱħô򵥡
ڵȴģҵŻ򿪡
и˹ĵĺڷŮ߽£˵һ֮
读ͷһվ̬ЩƣǸովսһ

ҲϰԱߵĹӶ
ϴļνǺܲ졣
楲һѣĺƴһ٣º߹ֲ׼شζҲ̫ܡ
诣Ϻá
΢΢ͷ
¶վ˵ô˵ʵҲûôҲȥϢһװġ
楣Ҿе㼱ûнԵţҲȷʵҪվ
¶ֽ£˵ɡ
ϰ嶼ǸӶԱţȻҲ߲ڣ״ؿڣʧ֮˼ˡ
Ҳǡյĳ鱨ӵϢ
ڲ͡Ҳڰǣ
ڲ͡ڲأ˵ء˹ͨո뿪ȥ˱ڴҶ֪ʲôȤӦΪĳ˰ɡ
ڲ͡Ѫϵķ羰ΣҵСŮѣ
诣
ƶ˹ġлȼյĺ챦ʯϷ羰ܺãոպʹϣǺˮ׼
诱һ仰˹ȥٻعͷѾˡ
ȻϢʱҲ˵ʲôЩ鱨Լʱûá
ҲҪˡ
¶վҪȥˡ
诣ǽڶҸ˹ͨˡ
¶бһۣҺ͵һ»İɣҴһ⻰ʱûӡ
诰һۣŲ㣬һĴˡ
ðɡ
¶Цһһͷ췢һֺɵ˵֮ӲԼѡ׼ʲôҶڴٴһ
üĿʯƣȻ㣬Ӷ
Цվϴιǰ˻˵
ǰһ̵ĺгΧ˲ʧ˵ڿײĳ𻨡


137 
诸鷢Ϣ, ֪ҪԼ̹ȥͻذ׸ϴ˯һʰһǰĴ
ڹ, ˸к߲űʾǰıҲˡ
诲Щ档
ǵ˵ƺҲǸƻʯĸ֣ȥҪôǹ, ҪôҲǻħġ
װ껪Ϣ, 诼Լʱͬ¡
ȻɳϿݰ, Ľͬɳк£ɢŹԵȹڼ䡣
иŮȿ, һŴϥ, ִǰͶӰڡ
Ҳֻʮ˾ģ, ɫ˸ͷƤ𪣬۾, żΪýΡ
跢ﴩ˼ķɹףˮϴ׵ţп㣬ԽԵ, ˵Ǹû⡣
΢΢ͷ, һ˫ǳɫעſĹӶ
һ˲, 诼е, ·ĳʳﶢһ㡣
ԷڵԪܺԼ, Σв࣬˲ʵ
١
վ, ΪѺõк, Ц̬, 诰ɣˡ
诣࣬˼Ǯġ
֣ǽ
诺˸֣
һ֣Ҳûʲô̽ŶΡ
ֻܸоԷƤ࣬ĵָûмӡ
诣ԣҪӹǽٹһ죿
һѯʽһ߿ԱɳϵĹ
ͷҲ̧£鷳һ졣
Һ͹ǩǳںͬ
¶źı飬ҲҪҪΪ򹤡
̶ˡ
Ӧ漰˽£鹫ʲôˣνĴ򹤣˵Ϊϰų켺ɵء
Ȼֻһֲ롣
̾˿¶յı飬龳Ҳħˣһв
ԲǴġ
ôţ˭֪Է˵ĻмֿŶء
诣Ҫȥ𣿡
ǵġ
صߵڣȻ˯ˣҾˡ
һ˵һߵϷʵ񣬡˹ͨţ
Ļ֪϶ߴԼһȥʲôˣǰ
һ˹ͨô˵Ҳû
ЦһȻΪͻأʧڴ
е⡣
Ǹռߡ
ҷٶȺÿ졣
Ʋҳ˹極֮󣬶ͬ͵Ŀռĸ֪Ҳ
ˣе˲ƻǴ͵ķٶȣֱǿǰδСܱȵϼĶˡ
һʱûõռʱĸ֪Ҳûôȷ
ҲϵбͨҲҲ
诣Խȥˣ
ƺЩԸӣȷʵ
ҲûȴϾͷϷ
ٴγ˷ִﱴĽ
ΧǿӰһβĹâҷͶӰݺύͨϴˮĴĻϡ
ٿǿãȻ˻
ϷǸңԶʯ񷶥׺ǧյԻ͵ƣ·ǽٸϯÿһƬϷ־
ӸָĹٵĻռǣʰ쵵ͶӰһ޴ԲİС
ٸĴ
ǵϯڸ䣬ֻڵλü䶼Ի࿴
֮⣬λԱ߶䱸ȽȫϢ豸һƵͼͶӰڻת
ûٵ
֮诺ܵվ
ħ˻ŵʱڣûĸ쵼˸ٹһܣ췽ҲñֿҪ
ﳡ㹻ÿϯٶվˡ
鹫λϣתȫϢͼ񽥽ƮԶˣ֪Щʲô
Ҳ΢һԼְ𣬹۲ΧĻ
ĶСҵͳߣǵıϡԪܣǵײ֡
Ϊ˱飬λߵλǰĸ˳УΧҲûʲôֵˡ
ôţ̲ס̧ͷԶһӹЩ˸ͶӰֿϳֵס
ЩҺ쵼ں˵˻ĳδԶ̻飬ںΧƵ˴к
ϯ֮͸ĸϣأҲֻһ˵
ּԶȻ͵Ƴ˺ͶӰ
ǵ߹İŶӳԱòΣէһΪǴһģء
΢΢°ͣЩͷˡ
һöεıʯΣԱ׺ϸϸĽŨܵĺɫܷǶҫڣԽĵƷ
λȹװ¶ֱۺɫƤڵƹﷺ

ֻ£¾Ͳͷʮ׵ľ룬ɫ
Ͷһ֮󣬾ͼװˣٴŤͷԱߵ˵
ҲΪֳϣԼԼԱ鹫
һֱ߶˴ʻΪڿɴ಻ˡ
ĥŲЩЦ
Ȼһתͷֿһæ볡Ŀ
ϹһȺ˴ӵţм仹Ϥ飬Լ⼸ų
˿΢ЦȴЩͷ
ȻǿյĴ磬ֻǻһС̱ʯڣѵǼصĶɰɫ˺ɫ
£һ֧࣬ƺԱߵ˵
˫Щžֶ˼ֺгŪЦ⡣
Ϊϣ˵ʲô鱳ҲͣķӦЩ̸ˡ
ſǱ߿˵ӣȻһȫû߿˼
֡
Կʵøо
Լ
Щ
㿭ҲѹֻǾӦ³
ﲻֳ²⡣
ԼͿֱ֮ʲô
ɱ˶ħ
˯ʦ
ѵЩ»ÿˣ
ӡǶħѡٵۺ硱ٵ˹ͨǨŭԼȵЩȫ˸顣
Զһ΢
ƺǺܶȡ˸ϣվк
诲ͷȥһǰһ󴩹ͨʱͣΪ׵վһ˵
һһڷ£ֻǺ͸һЩ
˹ͨϲŵȨˣһ൱ƽ̬ȣԷʺ
Χ˶Щ궯ƺȥ廰ְǵûðȻж
ƺڵǶԻ׼ȥк
ôˣ
λЩʣǱȻ
Ҳûôⷢʲôվȥ
读ŲӵԹȺڣԻһ䣺ں˵Ŷ˵ˣ¶ˡ
¶ҲֻǼ򵥴˸кóǱ˴˶ʶҪ˵ϵܺúҲƲϡ
˹䵭ص˸ͷ
˫Ķֿˡ
̲ס࿴һλϼŵԱ¡
Ƽ˫̥Ҳƿƥ˹ҲСˣȻҲֻǶʮˡ
ڷۣ˹Ŀ㣬Ϣһڵװ׺Ƶ£ͬ·ſѶ£װ絹мַ¹ŵ˼仹Ŵʵĳʯʵصĵϵơ
ֵûе΢΢Աߵ˵ЩȥֶŮֶǣòЩ¡
请է㾪ޣԽԽ˧Ϳͣ࿴˼ۡ
ɿŸģػԱһҲѧʵˣ곤˵ǽڡ
֮ȥ뵽Ǽĸ֡

Ϊ̫עûȥһһӦЩߣֻһߺֶŮ˵һ
･
ʼ´ǵʱȫϢӰҲϯ
λԱȻϰֳϣݽ嶼һ⡣
˼̲סĳһ
ıʯձ꣬һڱ־ȻΪۣٶ׵ľҲ
м䣬һ֧°ͣǰȫϢͶӰǳ͸︡ʡ
¶ȺͿ˹վԱߣֻǰЦ⣬䵭
ЩȻҲԡ˷ߣ»鿪ʼҲӰ졣
¶Ȼתͷ诵һ
ǡڶŴɣ̧ͷͶϺ췢Ůζעӡ
Ȼ¶ȸսֳ˶˵˾ʲô
˹ͨһ˹
诶ǵĿ⣬ֵ⡣
¶΢΢°ͣû˵
˼ؿһۣ΢΢һ£ۺЦ˵˾仰
Сġ
ƺ
诲̫ȷš
ܣûзʲô쳣
ԱߵĽ𷢹ȫϢͶӰĺԼƺĶЩΧҲ
Ѳص¼豸¼ǵľٶ
Ȼ䣬ͻ
ĵĿռȻŤݣѷ측ֳǰԪϢ


138 
Ƭĺӿ, ͬ˷ϯȥ
ʱ
̳֣ԼĹϰǰָ緢, 㻤˲ſ
ͬʱڿзѳٹɣȻת̣һһд, ׾ٵشЩܡ
Լǵ塣
ԭǹŸ߶, һ̴ֽͬ
󲿷˸ûз, ͱ˺ˡ
Ƶı˷
ѪĽ䣬˳Ⱦĵ桢ǽ񷶥ϡ

ΧкͲҽ
ڴ޲Ϯÿϯ, ֻҲ˶޵ֿ֮
һӰȫϢռ, ͬλϵˡ
ɲɽ, üûһ£ֻ˼ؿŴмӿĺɫš
ųƬצһ͵ؽЩɵ߬ס, Ȼ׾ٵؽ֮ȫ顣

¶ȵֳǰӼ羱ֱѾħȻġ
һ˵һ߿鹫ķ

һ, ȻЩԻ, Ҳһֱڷ״̬, ״һʱ䷴Ӧ, Ҳֱħ˰塣
һź۵ĴѸ, ˹ǰϮĺڴӲӲײһ
Ԫ𵴵ĳڿ, ͶӰ豸϶Ѻۡ
Щͬ߰Ť, ۵ĺв, Ȼһš
һУд̻Ƭ
˦˦룬ǿ߰ɡ
ʵҲ˵ıͳŹ׼ռطɴ
Ȼʲô֣רһξĴ˴ͻǿġ
С
һɫѾץס˹ĸ첲Ȼû
ҵˡ
Щʹ࣬ƺڵֿѹԼҡ
һռߵıҲˣ˷׷ɫ䣬ʹ
ȻǶ֣Ȼܿã֪ΪΣΧĻƺѹǵ
ǵܾȻ˻һʱ֮ǰóҲԶ״̬
ﶼԪܡ
ٴδĺУۼƬڿз±ɫУȻٴ۳һ̡
鷳
ֵֹԲ򵥣ҪʱҲ㲻ѣһСʱû⡣
˭֪滹ᷢʲô
诣ʲôʱܲһͳ
ּĿռߣһ˲ԽҲ
ֻҪˣܱӦҲɴŹ·
Ѿλվǰսø˹Ӷ黹Щ㶡
ƺǲŷӦһжô£ħ𣿡
ٴεסϮĹǰ
᳡Ϊʲôܳħˣ
νˣʧ֮Ĵڣħ˿Գκεط
֮⣬ҲԺֲ²⣬ֻǰݲȥϸ˼¡
С
˿ԣûźˡ
ƺǿڱƽֺһ˿
诲ȷǲԼĴֻ˸е£Ҳȫ֮顣
ոջֱء
֮¡
ס֣һۣڻ㳷ûģȻطɴ
ʮͨŲͬĳڡ
ܹҲֻмˣ˴ҳҲ̫ӵȡ
Ȼƺиӷ϶й¶
ԭֻۼ롢޵ĺЩԴԴӿҲʼŤͣԽԽ
仰ʱ䣬Ĵռ䶼
ЩۺٶҲұɴӸ򶼻ֵϮ
ٶ㹻죬Ѿ˴˹߼Ϸ
ȻʵŴ˲ƻطɴܾˣ뽫˦ط
ȻҲûʲô顣

ٴδҽ
֮ͨУɵļǣ˲ͽ˺ΣЩܵˡ
ȱʬ׹֮С
·֧ܸҲ飬ʣಿֵŴ϶̮
̧ͷϿһۡ
ЩͨݺύģϷҲвţһӱ˴룬˲дķ׹
ڱǴħˣȴҲӦרĶԸӼֵĶ
Ҫ뿪ǳףȻȻǩ˺ͬͲԼԼơ
ڵĺڴڿۣʮУøӼʵ޴󡪡
쿪ЩƵĺĴ֫ͣһͷ׷ſ¶
ڴӭϮ
Ȼʮ̶ڰС
Ϊ͡ӲҲԶǰɱȣһʱ޷飬ҪͻĽ˼
ֱˡ
һȭ˺ڴ̣ѵƬĽ䣬ͬʱ

读ͷһȷʵѾ˷ھԼʮ׿ĵطֶʮڴϮؾߡ
֡
ϸܵϮˣȫܵߡ
ƺԶΪĿ꣬
ı֮ΨеĿǰŻܵվԶԶģҲ¡
ѸٸϹȥ˺ڴ̣ûƻ
ǵصĺȻɢ
ΧĹϱѡǱм׷Ʈ̫С
ڿյؾڰ;ѪȾ˳
ΪźȫԺԮþϵˡ
Ԫܱϡ
˹˵֮Ǹһģһ
˹ͨȻڲ
ѲĺͼǣȴĪӲˣ޷״
Χʬ壬Ҳûֺܵ
Ӧúܿɢ
¶վڶϱڲԫ䣬ֻħ۾֣ôɣ
£ԱٿȻֳ˵Ӱ
ǰǡ
ͳ˵ȥתһȦûʲô˼
û֪ոνħҶ֪Ĵڡ
ǾǵʵΧ˶û⡣
΢΢̧֣ܱε赲źɢһ֣ʱӿͬӵ̰ѿڳĺ㣬գۼײǰ
Ȼѹڰжá
һ߬Ű̵ĺЩָ˼£žǱɢ
ֻķ塣
ɿ֣Щϸĺɢֱߡ
̰֮
¶Ħȭƣҵжı¡
ɲֹУ㱻жΪڳǿˣᱻǿ򡣡
ǾͲһʱܹˡ
㲻Ƕȥһ𣿡
¶Щ죬ûжϳǿǸ𣿡

ĵ˵Ҳ֪ҽȥˣϾֻǷ壬ʵࡣ
¶ȰһۣˣƼҵĵϣԼʰ̯Ӱɡ
δ䣬һԪܲǰɢ
һ֮Ծɢ·ȷڻѩ
գۼ䣬ĺɢ¶ʬĵľ
¶̧ͷһȺڷ۵վڶ档
Ϊ׵񳿡ˣ⣬˹ͨǡ
е豸źҲ״̬һĻȻᱻκ
ҲλҲ֪ˡ
һֺòĿ˵ǰǡ
¶ȶʱ֪ҲǸմոջʹײ˱˴ˡ
¶ȣ֪ǵĳǽ˹ŻͣʥΧ
˺˳ͻ
¶ȣħķ뿪ʥǰƥ˹ᾭǵĵ̣ܲ޲
㡪
ֹ̧̧֣Ҫ˵ֶֶŮǡ
Ǽ״̱տڲԣֻ鸴ӵؿĺ췢Ůˡ
Щ˵Ͷ¶Ȳ࣬Щ곤Ȼû˭ʵᲢ۵ġ
ȻҪƥ˹Ͳ޹
ķҲסħ
ȻҲȡ顣
ԴηӦĻ̵̻ľƱȻӶ񻯡
ʵҲںôģǲۼ
¶Ѿˣħ޹ȻҪȥ𴦣ôıȻƥ˹ٵ򡣡
ִ֮ǰҪҲǳ鷳ΪʹǾҲδ׼ȷλ
ǰ£ֻܵˡ
ڱٸˣǻɳУֿԷ
¶ЦЦؿһۡ
ڳߵУһϵͳߣҪôҲǼȨƵˣ˻ūƵϵ
˵ƽԼ
Ȼô롣
Ȼƥ˹ľ˲ϧЩЩͳߵƷ
ƼҵѾˡ
ҺȻΪʲôý˽ˡ
¶ȸ̾ҪЩǾ̫˼ˡ
źȻָ
ɵͷ˸ϢС鷳ˡ
ţ
¶һ£չһȦûˣˣ
֡
˹ؿڣϲĸߣ˽ħ̬Ǿְ𡣡


139 
诲ô
һǰ, ڽħ״̬£һȭһڵĺڴ̡
ʮ׳Ȼɢ
Ĳƾʱ佫ԲǧڵĽкȫ÷顣
Щֻʣ²ȱʬ, ôҲ꼰㣬Ҳûϡ
Ȼһ룬ͱĪߡ
ͱʧ֮ͬǺô˸еһǿƴ͡
ڣû˿ٿصĸо, ·Լ任λ, Լһ, ˸ı䡣
ͷ
ͷգ߼ʡ
ϵĺɫʯ̨, ÿһƽ, Χ¥һƯĻȡ
¥֮, ȻǲͷİɫգĴƮɢ̻ҵ
ǰ¥ݾͷһõ, 󿴣¥ݵһͷҲͨһƹΡ뽨
ңԶ, ˵ǧ׵ľ롣
˾޴Ͳ, һļͺ, ֡
ԥһ¡
ܲʧ֮
ϾƬռ, һＸǲȱ, ԼһУ˵ǹ
οʱĸоҲȻͬ
ԼҪǡ
ҲԪܡ
ܵ, Լյġ
ô, ѡ
ǰ, վŲ
֮⣬诲Լħܺռ䣬ҵȥĻᡣ
⣬ĳҲ˵ԭǷǳȥ
ûǿҵΣͲʸУ෴ͦԸһ
ȵȡ

诵ıȻ
ⲻǵ˵ɣֱӰĿ־֣
ԼѾˣ
ԡ
ǱӰ죬ǾͲ뷨
ϣԼôأ

С
ãһԼӦûǸ״̬ɴһһ
ʱ˿̣վ֮ĵطĹаٶףȥƬ
Ǿϰɡ
诳һԪػʹʮܣҲúܲȶ
ʱܣʰϣ˼̨ף;쳣ƣ
说˿
ʲô
ϥǣһţһԻ
ѾǴս״̬ˡ
ǰúõģ˼۳Ϊʲô
ħˡ
ȻеˬҲӯеҲ˲ֹһȡ
ƮƮԾ𣬼Խټ̨ף˵֮С
տյӵ浽ǽڣڵľʯ͡
ΨЩǽġ֦״̨ɫģоһ״Ĺ档
Щâҫ£˺ڰȴȻԵɭ
޽ÿ͸¶һֲϵϢȻÿһ䶼ո½ྻҲʱĥİ߲ۼ
ǽڡ
Щɫƽ޷죬иĺۼ˳ȾһƬƬľ档
濴ԼζĵӰ
Ĵ롣ϵ¶Ľǡֱϵ͡
˵Ȼܹ졣
ԼȫĲλ
ȻƬƤȻ
˺Ĥɫףͫױü
˫۾ȥֵĮҲһ˿С
תǰߡ
ƺֻһڣڲ֮ǰһ¶㳡
㳡һԲεƽ̨ܱʯ̾͵ĵ·ֱͨͬĵá
¶ĵرϣŷʢĺɫҶһһι״ĺϴڵϸϸܵҶƬ䣬ûһ˿϶
ԶԶȥЩɫֲ·һƬڵϵӰ
֡
վڵõӰǰĹ㳡
ħѾˡ
̬ħļȻڽƣҲԻԸеЩ֧
ǣû˿ƣС
ǰһ̤Ϲ㳡ĵ·ȥǸ̨ӣΧͻ
Щݵӿ˴ŵĺڿзӿȻͬˮ
һӰ״죬ȥЩħˡ
ǶɺɵģûòûѪ⣬ڵⶼǿն
һȺ׷ʳĻȳ棬һ˲ͳԵһ롣

ڼ䣬Ҳ˼Ӱ
ЩƬڿз䣬أڻȻٴʵʵӰ
诺ܿʶ̫С
ֹʽƣͬһˣԼĳֿռ
˵ڶռôܿħ
Ͼʱû˵Ҳܿ
Σ棬һʱ˵˾ͿһܣԼʱ˵ҲӲԶ
ԭ·ҲǲУһҲ׷
ǿؾ塣
ȻԼҲԡ
ʲôأ
ѵҪֹشȥ
ңȻռ֮ħоģ˭֪ǲһƴߵĴ
һֱֻԼоأ
ŴԼħͻ޷֣Ȼܶò״̬أ
ԽԽýǡ
ǵ˵ıơ
ٴһȭǰĺӰһ߶˵ĹһĴ롣
һϵתţ׼ؽнƬ׷׾ס
Ȼ˸첲ϵ
ЩƬ졣
诸ܵԪܡ
ıʷ·ҲԪܣܱ״̬ʱƺʣԪܡ
ƺ޷ֱЩԪܡ
Ǿͣڿǻײϱ任̬
оʹڿзǽ֮³ȥǰ
ٴν
λһЩŭ
ȲҪݻЩԪܣǲܹԼ
ȻǰȭͷңǾ޷ٵ

ԽԽ
ڹ㳡Ͻźս̤ڵĲҶҳѺۣȻײ˾޴ĺѵڵϣֱԪܵĳƬ
һжָ̼
˵еľٶͽ͵ġ
еԽԽҡ
ڻġΪ޶޷ȫֳʼ
ħ״̬ڳ˵֫ٴοʼ鳤ͣҲŤű任״
ҰԽԽߡ
䴫ķ˵ĵͺȴҲûȥʲô
ǰֽͬʱء

ͨǽϵĵӰһƬĹ
ͷ­ɫüǺļǡ
֫ǿ׳ýԭȽ¶ظʵļƬӯ趯Ĵ룬չĤӯĺڳᣬ
ֱۺ˫ϣ鲼żβͣһһ̵ͷ¡
һ룬ʶĹԼ
Ȼ˵ҲǿֻǴµ״ˣϸĻһֻų򡢳ֽŵľ޴档
һ˲䣬ĸ첲ҲܵһͷסʮӰϽЩŵ
Ϊ߱ȻҲˣؽӰȥ
Ȼ󡪡
ҧǡ
ԭȽǻѪģԪܣʱƺҲ޷˺ڱʱ򣬾Ϳʼڻ

诵ʶЩģˡ
оԼ̫ѣܻԽԽѣʼƻܱߵһС
汻ҳ˾޴ĿӶܷԪ𵴵Ĳˡ
ľۡҶ飬ǽڶ䴩񷶥ֱӱ
һռɱ۶ϵĲ壬Ƴ롣

ڰ˳ɢȥ
ٴο޾չɫǿգƮƮ죬Զƺһŵɫǣڻת
ȻǰƮһĨɫ
ʵ֧Ųסֱ˯˹ȥ
ٴѹԼڴϣֱǾ޴ϴǾ׵ǿշ羰
͵
һ˿ңⲻص㣬Ͼħ˭Ҳס·
ǣ⴬װϤΣƺʱԼŵҡ
ֻΪڣǲ̫Ҫ˯֣󲿷ʱ䶼ڶԷߣҲ
说ӹ㳶һ·ͷˮ߳ȥȻˡ
ˡ
˵˵ó緹
诵ͷǰߡ
ߵϢȻŮɳϣһеرݰ塣
诣򣿡
Ϊʲôôȣ
ͷҲ̧˵
诣Ǹֻǡ
ﲻֳǰǶֲֿ
ʵеССź
ΪƺкܶԼδ̽ĵط
Ҳ֪´λûлȥ
ԼѾȫħȥҲʱ
ˡ
˵Ӧףһ£Լһ׶εħΪʵʵİǡ
ϧû˿
ȻûҲνϾͲҪСˡ
Ŷúܺá
һɵؿ˵

Щ㵣ʲô
˵㲻õǸ
̧ͷɫˮŵЦ⣬㱣ң𣿡


140 
Ŷ
˵
һ˲, 读ΪԷ֪Լʲô
ҵְɡ
ԥһ£ʵʣΪʲô
ȻҵĴ档
һ˵һ¶ɻı, ʧһСʱ֮󡣡
诣
ѾǱˣոѯʹ飬Զ밢ǣԶƥ˹ĵط
ҴԼĻ, ڷ·ϡ
ԼǸռʱڱ, Ϊʲô֮, ܵ䵽ĴԱߣ
ˡ
ȷʵڴռӡǣΪԷһʱ͡
ʶнħ, ַ
ʵڼǲˡ
һȫ̬ħ, ʵһַ顣
Ҳˡ
νħħ, ̬ȫ̬ʵҪ
һҪ㹻ԪܣڶҪǽȫԪͷų, Դνȫ̬
ͨ׵˵ǱȫȫβĹû
̬ħҪԪ10ȫ̬ħҪԪ50
һ˵Ԫܴ50, ڽֻ̬ͷ10ൽ20, ôҪȫ̬, Ҫ취ͷʣ30
ֻҪųͳɹˡ
ΪԪ̫, ȫȫı˵̬
ȻЩֻһģļ, ҪԪǲǶ׵屶Ҳûȷϡ
, һ˲ܵĸо, ǹˡ
诵ͷ˿Լ, ζһȭռҳѿڵ
ϧ
ҪܳԵЩԪܣǵٵǾͺˡ
˵ǳʶֻܻħ˲ſԻԪܣҲͨʧ֮Ԫܡ
Ҳԣ԰ɣ

˼ʱѾļˡ
̧ͷҪؼҶ԰ɣ
ŮͷҲ̧š
ӰǵһΪңԶ;
诣;ҪĳռվͣĻҾ˳´ɣ
˿ʱ䣬ǩĺԼҲҪʱˡ
û⡣
΢Цһ£ĴҵĻߡ
͵۾
Ѿð׸׳ڱ׼ˡ
˹ȥҰ㣡
򣺡
Ӷֱɳϣֱס㶵ĽŮˡ
ԭأһֻݰ壬һε˼ġ
诸࣬־ܻסӶļ米С£Ͼҡ

诿ǰĽ𷢣ʱ򣬻뵽˰ҵĴߡ
Ͼ׸ǷͣģŲĴҲҪʱ䡣
Ȼᵢܾãʱÿÿ붼ɡ
Цһȡʱ䣬𣿡
ֱ
˴ϵ֣ܶˡ
Ȼһֻݰݸ诽ӹͷɨһۡ
ȫţֱըϢϷһС
˼ֲûļý֪ࡣ
ȵȡ
ʵԼҲ࣬٣Щûܰٷְٻԭֳ
ŪһЩ̫ͼƬЩߡ
ȻЩͼֻбķ棬ԼߵĶ֫ľǺںһƬ
ǸħĺƵƬԵ쳣ģֳĽȻͬ
۸һƬҡ
˶ûעЩӰǻֻΪ豸ϵ۵㡣
ϾǺӡħȫһ¡
ƥ˹˶Ƿ𣿡
ӪҺûˣ׼ôõĻ飬ֱӾͱ͵ң
Цֲòýȥ±ĵ
ֲ֪ʲôܱܲſھ
԰ǲü볡ǲ֪ʲôԳҲ¡
ҵ죬ħ˸İɣħ˵ܷסģǵʥЩôٵģ׶ǹжٷƥ˹Щ˱ٴܱȵùʢʱڵ
⣬ΪʲôҪͼʮǰȰʱ˭֪ħʲôڴ̶ô꣬ô꣬ӦѾ׼𣿷Щǽ˰ȥˣ
ȫǳܵġ
Ҳʡ
ħɱ˾ˣ
ȻءߺϸӰ
߳ȥƥ˹ѾµĺƽԼȫߵǩ
ҲһϮ֮ǰĻӰ
ⳡĿľûдﵽ˭Ҳ˵
ҲȻԴɣⳡ鿪˻粻һ˶ˣ˵Ҫս
Ҳ˾ֵĺܶࡣ
ħ˶򵽰ƥ˹ˣ˭ս
ǲ᲻֪һħսȻǵ䴬أ˼ʲôʱС
عصҳ棬ִһţǽ鹫ĿǰҴ
һԵĶƵ֤š
۷ΧǻУףúϢģһױ
ȻĹǵĴ󹫺øжȲͣΪԸҲȷʵ˲С
¡
߽ʮӡ
š
վҪȥ´ǣһߡ
ʶ죬ǲӦǵع֮𡣡
˵Ȳˡ
򲻽߳ȥˡ
ɳϣЩؿŹıӰ
ոӵʱ򣬺ߵķ˿Ʈȥ
һ˲ĴлӹǰɫЩϤ
ͺԼ˯֮ǰġ
ٴλζһӵԷĸо
ӺܸߣŲֲݣǺȳƵͣҲͦӲġ
ô˵е죬϶Ǿġ
Ϊߣѵǻʲô͵ߣӲһ
⣬诸ܲԷϵԪܡ
ǻ΢ǿҵ𣬶ǳ׵׵ûС
ȻһûԪܣֻΪûħ˽֣Ҳܾһ
Ʃ簬ɭӵԼϣҲֻħӦԡ
ȻɭǸձҵѧ
ΪһҵͳߣȻֶ͵ģȨƸʵ㹻Ūһħ֫廹ף
ȻûԪܣֻ˵û˵ħˡ
̬ȣƺȷʵЩλ
ǵˣΪʵΪʲô
ȵȡ
Ҳÿ˶ȥӵԪܣ壬ʵҲǿһԣԥôá
·
תһ룬ǲǸ֣ûʲôʵҲν
Լ˯ʱ䣬Ҳܺľ״̬ɱҲԽһ³ԡ
ܲ˵һֱûѣ˵ҲûҪ˺Լ

诸оЩԾ
һ룬ɴȻһ
ô£
𣬽Žŷ˾
ѻָ۷״̬ħţη壬״ֱӴӷɴȥ鿴ˡ
Ĵͣפ̫УΧɢ˿״ĺɫƣҲڼΪңԶĵط΢Сһɳ
Ȼħˡ
Ǵʧ֮ͻأظ̫Ȼų˴ӡ
мħѾܱ߻ϴȥĴԱ
һħ˿һȺļ⣬ֱײ˴󽢵Ķܻϡ
ȻԹĳߵ
ֱԪػ˹ȥ
󲿷ħ˶Ƕֻ֣ܣҲܿܣԪܡ
ս˲ӣ课͸о˸ǿԪѹȸС
ٶУӰõɫĳ޷Զ·ϼ⡣
诣㣿
ⲻǰקʧ֮


141 
ԷòȽ, ħ˱гƵġ
̽ϳ˳
ȻϽʧ֮ŵյ㹻ħԪܡ
ʱ˿̣Ȼгۺĸо
ֱħˡ
Ѹٽħ, ʣļǣҲܹԸ
ȻֱԼ϶֡
ǸһվԭأƽؿҹȻû
˾˲
Ŀռ俪ʼŤ
ϴαʧ֮ʱ, ħûܱⱻǿƴ͡
, ħֿܹǿԵ, ʱ̫ô
ҪħȫĻûǽʧ֮
ǱߵĽӿܶᱻ꼰㡣

ݵԥ֮, ٴν˹Ƭռ䡣
Ұ׵߼, ССʯڿС
Ǹħǰ, ˫ǰһƬõɫƬԡ
诣ûʲôһţ
Է֮ǰԼʧ֮, ȷʵҪɱˡ
ʱԼδħֱƴδزȡʤ
ħˣһͨ˲ԡ
诣
ָʲôħԼܴӹӳ
Ȼߺһ¡
诣ʲôܲܳΪħˣ
ʸΪľ
ħһ˵, 㲻ָо, ࡣ
诣ħĸо
ħˣ˵, ʹԪܾǺһȻ, άħ״̬Ҳ
诣
ǳ֮̾ͷˡ
˯ǰе޷ݵƣ, ǿҵ־޷ֿ
û
ħƺҲ֪ʲôһΪҵͬ, ͻԪܸӽܵؽһ, ġȹ̵״̬
ȵȡ
诺Ȼʶ鲻Ծĵط, ˵ΪħԪܸܽϣȹ̵ģ
ЦһΪʲôħ˵Ԫܻᱻߣ
ħ˲˵ˡ
诣ʹԪܵʱޣ֪ûĸԪܿԱߣǶ˵ԪܸܽϵģӦɣ
˼ӣħ˫Ľɫ۾νۡ
请˸ۣǰ˵ҵʱ򡣡
ħˣˣΪҵ֮ͬҲٱԪܡ
ϾҪ˺ġ
ħˣϿˡ
Щ֫帴ħˡǵ͵ȼħġ
诣ⲻĵģֻǾãһЩʲô֮ܽĻŪңҸ֪ࡣ
˵ʵҲܺеԭ
ħˡԪܡħ
һЩԼĹ
ࡣ
ħƺЦһǲӦ֪ġ
Ǻٴ̸ˡ
ôš
诣Ǿսپɡ
ͳʧ֮
Կշ·
յĺٿȻſ
ԪܵȫȻͷţƬռ䶼ʼҡʧʱ޲ϱ
˵Ӱս䲻Ͻײܱ߷һȦһȦĲˡ
һħɾ޴࣬һͺƵħˣȥȫƵĶ֡
ȻǰߵٶȿþˣҲᱻ飬ڿЩΥ͵Ͳ֮£òֺ
ٴĿµӯ֫ٺÿһʧ֮ײѿڡ
ʱ뿪ˡ
սδȥ򣬲һʤʡ˵ˡ
ħˣǿԶӦǡ
ȻͬǼҲЩǿħҲ⡣
Щħ˶չʯǳԹߵġ
ҲԪģ˸óս˸óܡ
˵ԼĶͣһﲢ׽
һ̴ˬֲˬ
ΪԼֵܹ壬Ȼ¶ش˶֣ȴһֱûĳ̶ȡ
ҪǣﲢҲûʲôħĹ
Զݵļ¿֮课͸ܵѸġ
һϷһۣڴۿɼµ䡣

ʧ֮ȻһǿҵԪ𲨣
ǸһͷɫƬ޵ħˣһα֮ݵȻǡ
ϵƬƬ̽Ĳʹ⣬ſͣһʮ׸ߵӷ
Ǹ޴״ǲġʮƤճƴģ氼͹ƽڲ䶯
ϸһϻ˫ۿڱǵ
Щڱ仯ʹ࣬յļ鴤ţ˫ĿԲʹţǲҽС
ϡǵԼƵħˡ
ֻûôӴˡ
־رѣûôһĻӰ죬ֻһǶԷı壬һͣͣسȥ
ԷҲ˺ܶࡣ
붴˺ЩŤס
Ѿ诲ܲ˵ƻǰһС
еҲʼģĴǷɢѪƬԪܳײĲˣʧ֮𶯡
Ȼħ˴һ򣬱ضǵ״̬
诵Ҳˡ
ֻܸܵԪɢҲȥбļ˼ֱ˸ѷȥܵˡ
读صʵѸٽħ۵ùڵ̺ϡ
ȵȡ
̺
ΪԼʻ̫
һߴһ̧ͷܣڷɴȻϤװβá
诣
ȻʲôΣķĻɴֱſصë̺ϣȻ˸
诱ƽƣ΢΢ͷǰɳŵĽŮˡ
诣£ǲʲôħÿζԱߣ
ʲôû
һߴֱߵͶӰһ˵ԭ֮ͣ⡣
ͬʱһݰݸԱߵ飬Ҳ㻹
ȷʵ
Ͼ׸Żء
ǿʧ֮򰡣
ֻϼӣȥͳĵصҲȻͬ򶼺пܡ
诣ˣ
ش
诣
ʵȥСʱ
ʮָжô𣬹£վĻһٸһӵ
΢Цһ£˵һξأ诣֮Щʲôˡ
ңˡ
说˿ĺۣѹٺװɡ
ħֹһҲܻظ
ħƺҪ˯ˡ
ֲ¶ȵʱԸʹá
ɵ߹ڵϵ˰ᵽԱߵɳϡ
ʩΪȻ䣬ʲôһ
գգۣϴԡ
诣ԾǨĴ𣿡
ңԶǿ︡ĹâһһҵսƾԾڿڵĹȦʾϵ״̬
ɫԡ
ͻͬȺʮװ佡ȫѲ󽢣ԼĴսн
ԶԶȥʮֺֻ롣
Щܸгռ棬Ժܿͨĳֵλװó
Լ
ĳռߵӰ졣
ͬʱԼڵĴٴ˾
£ֵĽӣǵָߡ
˼Ҵҵ
ҪԻ˵ֵľųĪ׶
Ŷ
һǡ
ƶҲûʲôˡ
ȵȡ
ǲԼѰİɣΪԼɱһָӹٺһӳ
ʦڣҪųԼսȥը߾ľռվˡ
ϾЩǵߵĵطԲֹһָӹǱߣΪֹûִģĳͻ
˵ǻĿѡ񱨸ʽ
ԣ
Լɱ˽ܿպ͸أһָӹһӳǡߡ÷ݵ¡
Ī׶͡ߡ÷һֵľųܹĸ죬ӦûAȥB±¡
ҪܿձӦ÷ԼϲŶԡ
ǡ
һڸ˹ǣ÷ݺĺƴˮȣ򶼱Ǵ򱬣յĽҲû֪
÷أ
һ˲䣬˺ܶ뷨
ʵںֻԼ޹أǾͿʱһš
УԱƺڰЩҵԱǡ
֪ˡ
˵Щɻʣ˵Ҫʲô𣿡
ûУҪԻ
ڵԶֵĻΧ˵˫ҲʲôԹ
ģģš
ˡ
Ͽ˯
д̼ѹڵ״̬ҲΪݵħ
Գʱָһһ㡣
ֵ˼ȻûҲδ׼ɼܵġ
ء
һȥǽġ
ô˵
á
򡣡
̧̧֣˯˵ཻһвУҶ˯ٴ򡣡
ûϵ
Ů˴Ա߹΢΢֣˯ɡ
诲ôű˵ı֤ҪܣϰߣͿˣڻͣ
ץʱϢɡ
˳֮С

ͬʱʥΧ
ȼյĺ챦ʯŽԾǨС
ʻһƬĿռվʹ룬һΰǺš
ܱߵ̫սϱ鲼ŹʯŵĻձꡣ
¶ȸսһƵ飬˸ͷϴķ羰
Ҳ֪ôˡ
Ŀһת϶û״ɵ˼
վԱߵĹͶɻһƳ
¶ЦһСģֻΪ˵ħ˰ɡ
楣
СħˣСʲô
ȻûȫףԼϰҲ׼ˡ

֮⡣

ֵĽѾĴΧס
ǵǵĴΧȺػŹĴ󽢣ԼΧЩм俿£Ļ
˫ս˼ȥȫѹԵơ
¡
ڴ󽢵ָֵͨѶ󱻽ͨһȫϢӰڰС
ӰǸ԰ˣĪ׶˹
ﰲš
ĴԱǣʲô͵а񣬵Ҳ˵־ų
ǲʲôǰǾǣҲ֪־ųܻǿߣѰĽߡ
Ī׶¶һЦ㵥̸̸󹫣Һҵͬǻڶʮ¶̨ϡ
ʱһŻҡ
Ȼ˫һξ룬ּĸ˵ʲô⡣
ˡ
һܱ߿־岻ĴԱǣ赭д˵ʲôֱ˵ɡ
ӴԱٵŶӵĳԱǣʱ˸߶Ƚŵ״̬
ǵ˾ܾ˶Է
ԷƺҲʲôõ
˶ŵôˡ
ûʸܾ¡
Ī׶˵ݶ˵ʲôǣĻҿһϦ֮ĹңһС

ӦӽĳḲ䣬ס˫ɫˮһϦ֮Ƕء
Ī׶
ܲڴķӦͻظ
ҲʮϢ
ŵؿ򹫾ƺصȻ֡
ȫϢӰȻɢ
Ȼɴ͵һ¡
ˣ
˼е
ǵǱɱԣָǳЩҲܿǵ磬ЩҲὫһͳߵ¡
ο˵Сҡ
ƽһƢ˵ΪΪˣҶôһ˾
˾ȻҲû˳ԱԹЩƽϣϲɴЩԹı顣
δֱתȥ¶̨
˼ӣԥҲɫظȥ
ƵߵϲװĹ۾ڣȻԸԼȥˡ
󽢵Ĺ۾ǰʽȫ͸ˮϴ֤ѵĹ۾Ұ
мǽϻпɿԶţһƬƽ̹¶̨ҲԹСؾͣʡȦȥĻ⡣
ţ˾ֱ߽˹۾ҡ
Ϊ׵˺ڷۣ԰׸ݣݿһɻ֮ȥϢ
Ա߻վˡ
һ׷۵ŮˣĸȻռݽȥԵȧǸߣĮ顣
һǻɫͷˣƽƽ棬ȴΪޣͬ߰עǰĹ
ƶѹȸС
¸һǽڣ˶ܵѹ֣Щѡ
Ϥֵˣʱܱϳųˡ
мĪ׶ǰͣԱλǣҲսܹĸ֡
˲ûд£ȻԼʵҲš
ʿɱ÷ݡ
Ī׶˵㲻Ϊô˰ɣ
վǰЩԻؿһۣţ
Ī׶Цһ㲻װˣ£һӷ˴󹫣һ֮ȫǽڱƲΪЩҲһֱΪṩԴЩǿǷǳ
ȻҲ֪
ֻ÷ǷҪΪ𣬵ȫ˲ˣŵ鵽ŵһЩĻ
򣺡ðɡ
ȥȻЩԻ󣬡ԣйɱɪǣ÷Ϊ˱ȥʿֱʿɱˣң
ųһۡ
Ī׶ЦⲻǺ𣿡

̾˿Ҳֵ˶Ƿ𣿱ҲˣϼҲҰ
ٴһϡ
˳꣬Ѿܾû˭Ҷ˵ˡ
ȻΪΪŵʽṩߣȻĺϵ
Ǹҷ۾»Ūڵʽ
ǰһ֣ץŮ˵ĲȻҪɫ
һ룬б貴ĿĽɫâ
ҷħұŰ嶼ʧˡ
һİ׽ؽ
ƵĻڽţһʵĽ糿ع⣬ůȻ

ֵٶȿš
ֱħһ㣬޷Ӧʱ䡣
Ī׶Ϊǵĸ֣˲ȫ̬Ǵ˾Ԯʱ
ҷ˵Ĳؽᴩ˿˿ƵĽӣȻ͵ſ
ͬʯ㣬绯һһڵϣˤ촷ۡ
Ǽĸ֡
ܹħǿߡ
ϵɱˡ
һαҴ˵ߣȫʬ
Цһǻûȡѵ𣿡
ߣ
Ī׶ŭץסһҪսͬ飬ǡ
һһҪʧ֮
ոѧνƬռ䣬һ
򵭶ػ˻֡
Ŀռ޶ʱ״̬ԭҪֵĿռѷ챻˲伷飬Ī׶Ҳܲʧ֮Ϣ
Ȼ̧ͷ㡢Ȼǡ
΢Цһ£鱨λĺģ𡣡
˲˳ٶԶ
ˮϴײѣһؾƬ
ҲżֻǲŽǰߵ¶̨ϡ
ͷź嫵Ʈƣеؽ貵Ĺԡ
ǹԽԽҫ·˶
һ룬кջӳƺƵɹӣİ֮ƣһᴩǿյìʸ
ĺŷڿкչǵǵĴͬһֻԻ͵ڣɹâƺڰ
սɵӴӰѤĹ˲ȼǧҴֻתӣһ˲ҷ
ңⲢǶݵĹ
½ӶѾΪҽǺ᳤յĽɫ⺣Ȼɢȥ
ˣսָӹǴæħȴûӹһ١
ǵħҪô̫ݣҪô޷鲼ȫڽѡ
ܿʣ˴
ųֱ˶׺ħ״̬Ƿ֣ǽưϮ壬ڻƬơ
ʵȼֲס
ֹҪԪܣ˵ӦóûܣȻҲӦ˵Ԫܡ
ѹǿӲǰԭأ˱ħ״̬֮⣬Ȼٲˡ
׷Ů˲ҽһҲ޷άħֵԪ߽⣬ƬڳȵĽѡ
Ѫ֮Ҳ˲ڣκκۼ
Ʊȣ
Ī׶ӦϤľʧĿѡ
򡪡̫֣֮㲻ú
Ĺû


142 
ֻʱ䳤̵⡣
ܿ, Ī׶Ҳⳡܣ޷ٵֵǿֲϮ
ƬڣѪⱻ˺, Ҳ촷ۣĻҽҲ⺣ɣյøɸɾٲκκۼ
һѾõ˲ħİǿ, һսԻնɱֵǵ, ڶ̶̼ʣ
˿һĻ, »ᾪ°͡
ʼٸֻһվ¶̨, еؽâʧ
ƽ, п˿ϲõ, ·ֻһ΢С£ɳϰ㲻ֵһᡣ
µתصﶫ˯һصˡ
ʱ˿, 鹫ĽûһҴܵʧֻǳɰǧĴԱ, ԭػ˯ȥ
ЩֻȻڿС
ɫǿһƬ, ״źͳظ, һжõͬ
˭޷뵽, ֮ǰ﷢˵ս
վڴյĹ, ڿһâ, Ժֵ˾ɱ
һ, һ˵, Ȼ˼
û⡣
һŮ˵
ǡ
һͳöӦ
ð
һɳŮ˵Һˣϧû
Ҳûҹǵ鷳ɡ
һŮЦԴ㷢ǲ㵱֮󡣡
һʿֱɱߣ֮£ҲٵǼҴѡȻ¶ô˵ˣȥɱĪ׶
ʿɱҲػģ˭һŸ顣
ĸҲʾƱȺ͸ҵģǰʱɱҵ¡
̾˿
ᣬĸʱ䶼ʧˣȻصȵԸ
򣺡Щˡ
һݵź󣬸ոյĸ˵СؿڵҵˣǸӶСѲ𣿡
ڡ
򵭵˵ȴӳһ̱ˡ
Ȼ֪ͬħԶû˵
ͷϴһ޼ʵǿգǼħӰˡ
ʲô
ĸ˵ɻĸ𣿡
ȫǿơڱŭ֮Ԫܡ
Ů̧һָֻ֣ϷֳһŻţӿһõĽɫơ
ȻһϸĽâɢ
Ԫܸٸ࣬Ӱǵ˼άУȻܿԼΪø嶯꣬¡
֣ơ
ȷʵ
һڵŮ÷ݴʥֱ֮ӾʿⲢ硣
ֵľųǸⲻûӣô꣬ҲǴδйĦ
ΪʲôȻۺԼɱء
ѵǼʹͽ
Ȼ÷ݵһʱϿΪʹʧĸɪǣ߱ɰŮ
Ȼ߳꣬ĻΪһ缺£ͷһʿƣ
ʿ˭÷ѵ᲻˵򲻹ʿĴˡ
ֻҪԼڣκ˶޷鿴̳Աļ䣬οʿܻǱɱǺ϶ǰϼϲйٲһ
ոյĸ˵Цһҵ뿴ĺˣػ߸»ηŭ˵ֱӽʥըƽأǾˡ
˵⻰ʱЦ⣬ȴЩսĺ⡣
һǼһûô嶯С
ĸؿҲֻػܱСƣǺôܺĴڡ
ͣһ£ȻֻеˣȫȲʵҲѷɫֹһ
Цƨ
˶Ǻ˼䣬ոյĵһٴοˡ
¡
˵һ𣿡
Ҳˡ
ǣҲǡ
򵭵شħĿֻһΪǿںģǽ֣Ǿͳɹһ롣߷ħǺ˹ͨһһ
ٴ˳Ĭ֮С
ȷʵ
ħ˶ԣһǣشսģԵħ˶
Ͼһǿɱͨħˡ
һǣǾ͸˲á
һǿ߻ɱֻҪǱΧһһɱľ
ħ˶ԿǼΪصʧ
ɱֵˡ
һЩɻ˵ǰߣǣĳ̶ֳ˵ħ˵ļƻˣ
ٴαϢ
򲢲ЩҲûá
Ǳħ˵ԪڶûѾûʲôŵˡ
ȻɱǵʱҲûпôࡣ
Ƕ죬ܶɱħˣĻ
ʮƽ˵ٵ֮ħˣҲһ֮䡣
Ҳ֨
˼ӡ
Ȼ
ĸعά߻һ˿־Ǹ˷ܺͿȡ
ǵ֮ǿ˾֪¡
Щܵ̾˿Ȼ˵öǶԵġ
Ǹ¡
һؿڣû뵽һ㣬ǰһıƶ壬οħҲִֻªļƻ
¡
ڶ˳˵ҵľѾڰ˹Ļأȫ𡣡
ĸΨһԣҲΨһӦ󣬾ûٿڹˡ
һ
ǰǾ仰ֵֻ˾ɱû˵Ϊĳ̶ֳҲֺ
㵹Чʿ졣
ĸֵ˵ˣϾ
Ȼ˵˼乧άĻ
һֱţ·˵ĲԼһеԴοţЩ˵̬α΢϶ûаɫ
˵ĸ̸ܿˡ
˸Ľɢȥת߻Ϣг˯Ҳѡ
ãһ˲žͺʲôûһ㣬͸λԭȵĹ·ȫǵϮ
ڽϵĹԱǣĿնѹɾԭȵͨѶɨ¼
ȻŻָ
ԭȵһкۼĨɾ

ʱ˵ǻʮӾҪһռվˡ
ˬԼ֧ˣʲôʲôԴá
ϴƽ˾ǿգֵ֪Ľǳˣ߱˽ˡ
ĺǽˣ
诿ڲԶĽŮˡ
׼߳ȥЩֵسһۣƺ׹ӶΪʲôҪô˵Ҳûʡ
еؿɳϣٲɢ䣬Եػش𣬡ǰ
Ҫʲô
诲Щ棬Ȼ漰Ҳ֪ĶͲ˵ˡ
Լһ˯ΪȣȻҴûκײ˵ģ϶ᾪѡ
ûʲô֪ġ
ƽ˵Ҵˡ
ӸǶ⣬仰Ƕûʲô⡣
诣ȻʶҴˣǾˣôô򷢵
ǰ
ǣͷ˸ϢĹȫ˵һ


143 
ϵ
ɫǿ, ̫սȺһֱê
ɫռվϵ֮һ˹ķ
ǳؿƼµĲҵ, ںƽʱÿ
ʱ˿̣ΪһȺħ˵˹ķս֮С
ΧĽӲŸǹ, л˸, Ⱥ˻̴, Ĺⵯڿ׺ɹꡣ
һһҵսӿ׹, ȻըһһѤ̻
Щʵ޷ħʵԵ˺, ڵ̵ĵͼħ˵, Ҳһ̶һǵע
ʹǵҪĿߡǵʳܹʱҲתע, ȲЩԼĶ
ڼ䣬¡ץסᣬ˲ħ, ȻܹħȥսЩħ˵
ڿռվͣ, ضǲƵʬ, Ӳűײ, кӶϷ¡
Ÿ˻սĻ, ŻӸ߿׹䣬ƽ̨Ͼҳһ˵ӡ
š
ڵţ, ôôࡣ
ǰ, ˷, ķΧ֮ڣϸֳµħˡ
ΧҲǰͺȥս
ϥǼѵվ
ħ츳ƽƽ˼ʱ䣬ҲûնħƽＫҪԪս
ʱգڰ͵ǼҲֻǣȻʵǸǡ
ﱾںЩֻףײ¡׸Ŀռվħ˵Ϯ
ԭ˭ү֪ԭԴ鶼ħ˻ٵ֮󣬻еӵ˶׼κʱκεصħˡ
Ҳ⡣
˵ƫԶϵǳؿƼڵܲħϮ˾֡
ͨѶļٵˣźޱȣ׷ԮҲ֪ûб˽ա
ûоԮֻǳŹʼʮӣѾƣ
ħһЩħˣĹο¾Ҫˡ
ͬսʱ䣬ԶԶЩսˡ
۵ѪҪһЩɵĿ⣬ҪôڻҪôڻװģ
ʵýͣǸ׸ĵطײԸ׳룬˦Ⱥ뿪ˡ
֡
ѵش˿ط⣬⸽϶иʧ֮ԣħ˲ϴҿȥ˵С
һߴһ˵ͬʱħȭͷһħ˵Դ
һֱڵϣԭ˵Ļ˵ˡ

ͨѶƵܿ촫׵ҵԭˣдŶٽҵʯ
ʲô
ﲻŵ˵صؿ˼ôʯ
һ˽ĻﱻˣǵĶûϣħ˾ͳˡ
Ҷˡ
˵
õʯûأЩħÿ湻ġ
Ҫڡ
һϢѹȸдϷĿռŤѷ죬̹ǵĺϯ
εĲɢԲٶ˻ս˲䱻ըɢ
оȫˣʶҪħֿѹƫƫ֧ܲһʱɫҰףüΪѡ
Ӳѹڵϣ̧ͷгһӰ
ͿǸ࣬Ȼչ˫мβڿоͶڵϵӰȺˡ
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ħˣ
￴ǸħſӣٳƵ
ǡ
ȻӴּĴڣҲĸħ˶Ȥ
ôҲǸ¡֪ʲô
һôŶˣΪЩʯ
ְ֣
˻ʯ

ǰǼǿ߲Ӧġ
ֻҪӻ֣ռվԪܵﻯΪҽ
ԾԲܺս
ʱ˿̣˹ķռվܸ˰£ڲֿ￴ʯһ˻
ΪźŶˣûŮļУڿʯһ̣֪ⶫȥ²ˡ
ǸŮ˼·࣬ȻΪʯǿ϶иǿħ˳֡
ЩӱҲֻ˳ʳģͷϷں档
һ룬ֿļ̺صĺϽǽȻ顣
Ǹվ˶˲ҲڳķѣѪͽƬһĴ䡣
ǽʧ֮󡪡
¿ڰе
ҲԱǵֱŵʧȻˤԼй
ħ˱Ŀɨǣһ˫ɫûа¶ȣȻ䵽װʯ˻ϡ
ֱӳ˻ԱߣҲ֪ʲôʧڿ
½ŵעǸħˡ
˵õʯ͸ȥˡ
ֳʲôȤˡ
ûϵĸ֣Ҳöͣ
¡
ˣһƬëؿƼǺҵĸĸ
ˣ
µ亹乣ʶοҪˡ
ɵħˣǰ˵ħǰƺͳؿƼг
Ϊ¡ĳԱ²ǱңҲ֪С
Ҳᣬֻ˵ЩԵĻʵ飬ʵƷҪôǱȡĻĺӣҪôͶ·ǩԸĺͬ
Щ඼ߣĳЩ֮
ΪʲôͶ·
ΪծΪƷʱ򶼲ɺϡ
ֻµװˡ
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´˵ؿƼĶ»ͻѪˣܶ˱ɱˣЩҲԭЩˣЩͶ˳ؿƼİɡ
ҲȥŴŶЩǷ¾޶ծΪ˲˶ΪʵƷ
£Щɶϴˣ¡嶼
ħ͵˦һ³
µʱһΪиĶ棬ɼѪһ뾮
ְ֡
ƣ˹һĻæ
ħ˵˲µħ˶һ峹׷顣
ԣҲǺܼ򵥵¡
ҧ˸׵ǰ
Ůá
ħ˼״¶һ΢ЦҷģһɱÿһҼĿ¡Ҿϲʹʧ׵
ϻöࡣ
ƵĲֿȻһ
֪ʱǽԱռһŮˣȹȹڷ΢΢ﶯ
ҾӦҸʵĶ֡
Ů˵
ﳤһ
Ԯˡ
ֻһλͶǧ
̵ӡ˵ϺãȻһȴޱǵĴڡ
ллʿ¡
ŮЭ£ħ壬Ȼվʮֹصл
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ɪǺǰħȫȼĴڣʿʵʵؾǵ
þò¡
ŮЦЦȻǸħϣͬﶼɡ
¡Ի֮ʣһԪܵ˳ӿ
ŮվȣûԪܵԱſ»ǹڵ϶á
ֶ˼ƾնӰ
ЩųЩûУһܰڿС
Щħ˶ȳƵסֻЩ֫

¡Ǵʧɫ
ΪЩʯ⣿
ﶼɵˡ
һʯ⣬ôһȺ
ֻǸССĿռվѣ˹ͨҲǽŵϳһ԰Ƕɻˡ
˵ħҲ֪ǺͽŵĹϵ
⡣
ŮЩ⣬ɿǸħˣԼûİ
¡
Ƕ֪һǴеѵģпɥ
ħǴûзϻϰߡ
ǰǸ˽˶Թ⣬Ȼ˵һ䣬ֱ˹ȥ
ʿһʧ֮
Ͼ￪˹ķԱǿ¶
ǣﾪֶط֣ʧ֮ڱպʱһħûнȥ
ĸ㹻Юסһǿߣʿƺ޷ڳȥһħˡ
ǸͿ¡Ѫļһ

ڲƵĻ⵱УХ
Ǹݶһ˲ƺǰ̬еħˡ
עԼеļԱԼ̫죬ϴǼ¡һ
֯˽жųǵ֫Ϳǵ࣬ýǿһ
Ȼħ׼ʱ򣬺ȻӦһ˿쳣
񶯲ˡ

ﲢ֪ħ˵
Ѿر۾׼ӭ
֪Щ˵ԼǸƽӹòƽӹˡ
˺ЩԶɲĸ֡
¡ͱƿء
Щ߸ϵĶ»Աǣһ붼ˣʣµЩҲΡΡعλʹͽµĽűߣֻһ˾Ҫǵ
Щͳ֧ûйϵ
ȻָɣƩȥ233ǷֲˣȻһӦŹһڰϻƵ֡
Ϊ֪ԼҪôȹһҪôĳһ¹
һ˲䣬뵽ǰʱԼи㣬㳣ִ񣬺ٻؼңҲһ츳ƽƽһЩ
Ȼĳһ죬ĸڿﱧͷʹޣΪˡ
Ϊʱ̫Զм䶼ģˣֻǵԼͽй˵ʲôҲɾˡ
˵ˡ
ͨ˺ЩԱͨ˵õĶһЩΣǰҲһС

ǸŮ˵ڶԷǰֻӵһ˲£˭˭νˡ
Ȼ󣬳ӣҲȷ쳣
Ի۾
Ǹħ˾ͽԭһǺȻʯһ
ҪץŸܣΪ֧һ£Щˤڵϡ
סطһѣСĵ㡣
ͳ͡
ﻹûüͷϸ˭ֻеǸԼˣл
һ룬￴׻Ȼ¶ϲı飬Ȼֱӹ˵ϣϥذײ졣
ػ߸¡
ͷȻͷҡ
ͫ׽
ŵʹͽ֮һ
ʿйٵϼ
ҲϽеļλ۷ǿ֮һ
վԼ


144 
鶼÷ǳˡ
ﲢûǸһ¹
ֻǴվԭ, ǰ˵һĻ
ħûüͻأشڵѿƵԪܼѹ, Ϊ촷ۡ
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ǸոճֵĺڷŮһֻʲô΢С£Ϻ޵ɫ
Ȼڿһ, ռ˲俪ʼҲ, ʧ֮ĳѿ, ȫħʿһȺħ˵˳
ЩħƺҪܣȴԪѹԭء
һ, ǵķ, ˸֫塣
ʿѻָ, Ǹû뵽ôࡣ
û¡
ڷŮ˲˵ȻͷһߵĿ¡Ů, ΢΢ףͲǡ
²ŸͷȻŮ뿪ˡ
ڳȥ·, ￴ͣ, ֻضħ˵ʬ, ûĸǻˡ
, ʿӴռרõװ, ʼЩħ˵ȻĻ, ǵ
͹ȥС
ڷŮں˵, ǻᴦ, һҪȥһˡ
ʿЩԻؿһۡ
ǸӶ
ڷŮ˵ͷ˿ԣֵһͼͶӰĿռվ꣬طˡ
ʿ
ôֳ̫֮Ϲϵˡ
ʿ߸Ҳ
Ѿûд˵Ȥˡ
ڷŮ˸̣ȤҾͲ֪ˣϾһǸ
ʿ
ڷŮҧһڣŲţɱǼųʱֵǼڱҡ
ҵǺɡ
ʿҡҡͷ󵹵ôǵģ˵Ტ֮ģȻҾʵ෴
ڷŮһס̣лл佱

ʥ
ǽڹϣϵǧǧˣŴ𺳵һĻ
ԪܳײĿ񳱰Уһ򳹵׷ֱһ˲ڶ顣
˵ʲô
ԥ𾪵ʵ
ڻ︺𰲶ٸոաץһȺˡ
ЩҲʥΧĹʯŵԱǸ޽άŵģҲΪħ˵ͻأֶŤĿռ
Ѿֹһˡ
⸽У׾ͽ˳ǽ״ﷶΧǷӦǽĴڡ
ЩڷֳǽҪЩҪܡ
ͨ˵ֻҪͻְץ
ֻǶͷÿռɴŲǽĻ⡣
ԥΪռߣԴʵ̾Ϊֹ
ôĺǣʱ򣬺ԥҪǢЩˣǲԹʯš
ɽץǰ鿴ļ䣬ҲֻΪǵһײϳǽ˶ѣƺûôȤˡ
ȷ
ԥһ顣
ǰҽ֮ǰ
ǸŶӵĸε˵ҹ϶лҳء
ԥ
һħų˷壬Ͻһɱ涼˺䶯
ʲô£
ԥȥΧըǿ϶ɱĶҲֹһˡ
Ҵҵ˲ƻϲ㣬ǡħԴɡ
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ҲЩ⡣
ܸӦԪǽȻڣǸħӦҲͨʧ֮ųһ֡
Ϊʲôأ
Ϊɸǿߣ
ħ˿ǲҪˡ
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Ʃʱ٣ѾЩƬռλúƶ
Щԣ϶Ҫȥġ
Ӻԥļʯǲһħ˽ʥȻܷȥ㱨ŵĲࡣ
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ʵҪĸС쵼˵ڣЩ˿»жء
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ڳҲһӦԡ
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ڷ۵ſϣһְסԱߵħͷ­
Щܡ·ȫȻ᲻ɴݵƬ޳ֽһŤΡȻ͵رƬ
ųʵķ飬˿˿ƵԪй
ʮַ꣬ҲоЩԾ
ת䣬ЩļɢԪܣȻȶˡ
ɣ
һҪ˵ĻЩԪܣԪ֮ܽԪɱһ
ĻҲЩԪƵ£ֻˡ
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͵վ
Ƿ廹Ǳ壬Լҵħλˡ
ڷӰʧԭء

ʱ˿̣׼´
˶⣬϶Щʲô
Ŀǰû߳ԹҺܿҪִĿĵأǻԴ˷ֱ˵Զټ档
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ܲܶԹʹþ͵͵˼ҵļɡ
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Ů΢Цſôˣ
ˡ
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֪ý͡
лл
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Ӷܵħ˵ϮԷӦҲС¡
ܿɴִ˿ռվ诽׸ſ⡣
Լѡʹ󽢣ҴҲ޷һһαӴȥȥ
˴Ҳ߾ϵ鹫ĵȻжξ롣
ռվĲйоأΧһȦֻͣϡϡͣŰٶҷɴλûš
ȻܹսĴݲУħҲǵֻǴ󲿷ֶɹкۼ
ħ诵ĴռѾˣֿһһЩ˵Ĳֵ̫ǮĶȻ˴
ΪһҿʹԿռվ˻٣´̶Ъҵ״̬ЩΧˡ
Դ֣诸˼ɹĶŻ˸Լͻ
ڽˮǽǿշ羰˵ﻹȺζš
ʱһƬӰϷ¡
Ϣ߽
һ
ûп۲ΧĻǾǸйٶΪ񣬸ʲôʵҲһ
ԷľٶȻȫûо
հ
ǡ
ڷŮ΢΢ܷ䣬ҪƮӶļϡ
þò
ͻؿڣ;˳𡣡

251ǶȼپƵһ֮Եˣ
ҲǸʿϼ
Լ
ŵʹͽ֮һ


145 
ռվ, Ϣӳˮֲ󣬷һƧ֮ء
诿ԼԱߣһ, ǿƽ״̬
诣ԣйٵϼ
ǡ
诵˵ͷҺûлл㡣
ڷŮ΢΢ü
һº̵İ״̬¹, װȻС
˼ӡİ׵˿ʳ, ͬɫİϵĳڵĶѥ, ճ˫޳
ɢһͷŨܷܵ׵Ƥ·һΡ
ŕi, һ˫ִ۾, ۽΢΢´, ǾӸ¸ӱˣҲм޹˼
š
֯һԣԼѺһЩ, ĺȥס楣ҪӦ޷Ӯ¶ȵ, , лл
ʹͽ, Ψֻ̫֮ϵ, Զ
Ե͵һЩ, ҲͲˡ
ϾǾǡ
ֵýԴˡ
ţ
ڷŮ˲ÿɷ񣬡㲻һͼ

诶ʱ뵽¶ȲԸȫ̬, ħ߻, Ȼ󱻽ŵλ˿ڡ
, ϿԷȷʵ⣬ԼһѾͺˡ

诣ĺһ˾ܺ÷ݴò£¶ӦҲûʲôɣϾߵ仹أ㣬ʿϼ϶ǿɱ¶ȣûӦöһɣ
ڷŮؿɳϣ쿪޳ֱۣ΢΢ͷߴӵֵĴƺʲôңԶĵط
˵Ĳ
˵
ŷӦ˵ΪңţΪң
ǰ
ĵ˵ȻΪ𡣡
Ȼ˵ɡ
诣ȷʵΪΪȥģΪϢҪҪûظ㣬Ϊ׼ȥ̸
ŶǾ߸̣Ͼɱй٣Ҫ
ڷŮ˷񶨵Ҹ㣬ЩƢⲻദ̫ˣĲҪһˡ
Ц
诣Ǹֻ뵽Ц£Ʃ˵Ĳദǲ̫֮֡
ڷŮЩȤתͷȷʵǸ
գգۣΪ
ڷŮƳһۣȤ
诸˵ȴ߻ûʽܣǸһ֪ôƺ㡣
׼Ρ
ر֡
ûϡ
Ȼȥ̽ûл˵ȥ㶫
ĿʹҪˣ˶ʱһ룬ǰ涼Ŷӡ
诣ʲôȵ𣿡
˫ݾС
һӺ诶󱭼ϵĹˡ
һݸǰˣҳʲôؿڣǳǳϣ㲻˵Ҫһġ
׼εлȻͷһڣҲûжȱʾС
诵ͷðɣҿԻشǰˣͦȤġ
֪ʲô
ţ̫֣֮
诶ʱȻǿ˵𣿡
ûϵ
һ²ؼӣʾʡ
üһ
诣ҾͲˣţǸһ˵˵֮ۺʵûǿǿʲô
׼Σͷ
һûбش
ͬǿߣ׳ϱǿ
诣𣿡
׼¶һ˿ôˡ
诣ȥʲôӣ˭ߣͷʲôɫģ۾ʲôɫģ
׼εؿڣӣߣɫɫ
һ⣬׼ҲһһشˣûṩʲôõϢ
ӶԷĻشҲֻƴճ̫֮Ǹ쵰Ľۡ

׼һԴЦζĿ˵ϣҲΪ
ǿ϶ǡ
æҡͷʵ֪һЩŵ£Ʃ˵ǵʲôԼѾʲô
׼΢΢ףأ
诣ҼĻҲ̫֮һʵ𣿡
ǡ
ĳ̶ֳ˵Դﵽ۷塣
ʹħˣҲٱǿܶ˰ɡ
꣬涼ս֮УδҸطôֻбøǿӭҵս
Լǿĵˡ
һսŻҪôʧѾõĶѡȻҲųʱѾǵĸС
ֻи뵽׼ϰߡ
ԡ
׼˵ȴʮƶӶֻ˸Ѱ⡣
һôȻԼȥԡ
û˵
ڽŵܺ͸ĻڲԱ֪ģҲûҪ˼ֱ˵˵Լ
ֻԥ
׼κϾؿ𣿡
诣Ҿܾأ
׼κ񲢲⣬ܾ;ܾ
档
е㾪ȡ
ΪԼûоܾȨء
ʵе淴̬Էô˵Ͳˡ
״̬诵Ȥ
𣿡
գգۣҾܾǾͷֵҲǿ
ţ
׼εڵĳ΢΢´ס˫ɫϡĵ
诣ǡ
δ䣬ڷŮһסĺ󾱣Ӷ͵ǰȻսȥҪҪչʾһ£
诺Ȼʶ֮Ĳࡣ
ֱԷϣûܼʱӦ
׼ץסһ˲䣬ϵԪƺѹƣԭ˲ħҪӲɡ
ûħ
ϾҲûʲôˡ
׼εͷǰĹӶ
˲ֹһͺţݵ屻ȫӰǱʳ߰צµ
ȻЩڳԭ
ӶֻΪʶû塣
׼߬˵ľ࣬ĴָŮƯߣµƤѪȶů
ôưˡ
˵
ȴû˭ע⵽﷢£żлĿ⣬Ҳֻǿһſ
û˻߿
̾˿
ּĸ˵ѾûκεطԱΪλԱ߬ŲӺͱֵĸоʵû
ħ״̬£Դը˶һ
ǣ״ħѶȶӱ
请·һΪСĿռһСÿһǽڶڿ£ѹԼ塣
ЩǽںԪܹɵģڵԪҲܵѹƣ޷ɵؾֳ
ҲͺѸٽħ״̬
˲ʵĸԴ
Ǿǵ𣿣
кȻӿһǿҵĳ嶯Ϳܡ
ܲһദʱԪ˵ٵÿûնħ
һ˲䣬ĳ̶ֳϣΪ׼չʾˡ
ڴ֮ǰֻҪȫ̬ʱħǾη塣
һ̣Է֪죬ھǸǰǵûôֵˡ
΢΢ͷӿĿȡ
诣֮ǰ޷ϸӦԪܡ
ǲ⣬
׼΢΢üƺԹӶķӦЩʧ㲻һ£ŷɱ𣿡
诣ܶҲ˽⣬ҺϰߺͱǿദҲñѹƺܶӣΪ¾Ʒ
ˡ
诣Һó̬ԼҲˡ
ⱾҲǱǿĶ֮һ
Ȼ
׼κõҪĴ𰸣Ϊطſ֣ȻѾħ̫߼˵˾Ͳʺϸһˡ
΢΢һ㶣򣿡
ʧȥҡħˡħ˶Ĵڣпܡ
赭д˵ϧһϣıֻǵ߻Ǽһء
ȻµĴʹˡ
ƺҪܣǴòɿˡ
˵˱úܲҡ
诱ȫû뷨Ϊ˫ǿˣȻЩĪش
ϾĶ֣ƺǶԼûɱ⣬Щˡ
Ȼ˵սǴǵ氤ᡣ
ȻǾǵĴУҲԼǲ඼ļһôҲû⡣
Ͼǰֱħ˵ǰζѣǰλŸԼδĿꡣ
诣ҲţΪҲΪκ˵£ܵκϽƣȥԼ¡
ǾͲ롣
׼ε˵˵ʵҲֻҪΪǡ
ЩȣΪʲô
׼β׼شԺ֪ġ
ȻһĬ
ҪĻ
Ȩһ£ȥˣս
׼κһҪıˡ
δ䣬Ѿʧԭء
Ȼͣյϡ
ǰµӡǣ鷳Լʱͳ
ҪħʱȻʹϵԪɢȻһŲȽ˵
ͣƽ̨нĽӲţȫҵһ£ûվˤ˵ϡ
˾ʧΪܵϮȻȥҲûʲô쳣
ߴӹȻֻ˿û˹עѵĵ档
ȴûʱп׼εľôǿˡ
ѾǴеıرܡ
ݡ
ڣǶ˵
ֱͣӱѣĺϽּҲҶ˼
µƣ˶ܱܿ߱ƻʩ
ʲôһٵĶ
׼ṥңܳ
诼ѵšүģңܲħɣǷܳˡ
Щ˵
׼εʵ
诣ǰɣ
ΪԷһʲôǿӦۣ֮Ѿ˸׼
׼ΣӦ취ҳս
诣
ϵѹȻʧˡ
׼Σ
诸æҵĻ𣿡
׼δǰһͷĹӶˡ
ٴθӦѹԪܡ
Ҳħˡ
ԭ㹻ħʱ䣬ڶԷԪѹ֮£ֻǿħ˲塣
ͳһȭ

Ȼʱɳȥ
һ˲䣬课Լ鸹Ѿʮ顣


146 
ʶжݵĿհס
Ұۻҵģ鳤ɫ, ̫շ·ڷٵˣǴ˳Ѳ
·ŵǹֱǿлһӰ
ɫʰ쵵ײɢѿ, ֱӴһ΢С塣
ǿŻߵСײѱɢССĲкɢ䣬ڵغŵĻ̻

л㱵ڵϻعʶԼܱɳϵ
üһ
ֱӺüһ
͵ر, ׼, 㡪
ڵ˻ȥ
һĽӲ, ĳֱӲĺϽϣֳİɫ
һ޴Ĺվķ, ˵ǧƽ, Ӳڿ, жʮ׳ǽں͵涼һξ롣
ʵͬĽ壬ǽ˳ɰǧľ豸, ȫϢӰڿУ˸á
ЩӰƹ̫գǹ̵ս, ЩսԴͷָ, Щħ, Щǵ, ЩֻǼӶڸɻ
ΪͬȻһ۱ϳ
˼ȫϢӰ, ٴλܣµĳһĳ, һ˱ֱǰ, ͷһƿ̨Ļ
ǰ, 룬һź
էϸƣƺʵʣҺǹ壬ǽڶ֮䣬Ҳ䶯š任ɲͬ״
ΧһȦɫĹ⣬źɫУĳĴڣۺ޷ͻƺȦķΧ
诣
ⶫ졣
̲صԪϢҲϤ
诣
ǰϮħɣ
ȵȡ
ϸ˵ֻһС֣
ߵӲŵǰַǰĿ̨ǻûϤĸֲ壬һ⻬İɫʯ̨
ʯ̨ϷԿżģķģİһ졣
ˣ
͸
Ƕ˫ҲһֵķţǸŵ֮ǰԭӰĵҲܵӰ졣
诣ħ˵𣿡
Ψһ뵽Ĵ𰸡

洫׼ε
读عͷڷ۵Ů˻жȻûа
ԪӡעԪܾͻɵͼ
׼εؽͣȻʱţҲὥʧȥЧ
诣ע룿˵ҸʲôƷԪܵô
ʱǾˡ
׼ĵ˵𼱡
诣
ɵʱôˡ
Ȼٴ͵ѵ
ΪֹԸʹǡ
Ҳûʲôӵԭ򣬴ֻ֮ʲôǺţǼһԼҵˡ
׼ߵԱվһֻŹӶļת򷿼ĺ
׼Σħ̰֮ǡֲҪϾֻำĳƺ㿴ķ塣
诣ϵһ֣
񿳵һ֣Ȼܱٿأж
诣
诱һǸҲķɣǸȥʲô
˼Գȥˡ
诣⡣
ȷʵк֣ܶȥҲ
诣Щ˶ô֣Լ𡣡
֮ܵóۣȫΪԼǸ򣬾ħ֮
ʶ뵽Ե͵ı֣ǿͿ֮ܵñ˭졣
˹ͨЩҲżǺļ̶ɵ˴ɵǰ¶ȿҲħ
׼ΣΪʲôأ
诣
׼˵̫뱣λĹ𣿡
⻰˳Ϣ
Ҳ֪е⣬ǿȥô򵥣ʱ˾ְ𱣻֮⣬Ҳбԭ
诣Ҳ͸ǿĴڽ֣ΪҸոΪʲôҪ᣿
׼βЦЦá
ܾﻹһô˵ĺСĸо
ˡ
ӦȷʵԼܶꡣ
诣˵ǸŲǺܴӣһһ򣬲һ˼άĸߵǻţô˵ΪôǿĴڣӦֱӸ֪˭ǿ˭ƾǵıȥжϣ
֪ķʽͺǲͬ
׼ο˿м䶯ĺӰߣֻʯＳȡ
ȻԲڲɱ
课һ£ȵȣ˼ǣǸЩƵӣΪǳˡˣͲ𣿡
ôȻԪģκ̬ΪǲˣҲ뷨
ͣͣǲܽϵõעĶƩ֧к͵¹ۡⶼǲҪġ
ʵЩҲ̫Ӱ졣
ǿҲġ
Ȼٶе־߷ŭȵȡ
ЩӰ΢΢ҲҪġ
֮£ѡʯ
һˡ
ٻħܼƻ
׼ηƵ˵ǵиͨˡ
۾
ħ˵ĴڣŶһһռҵħˣ֮֡
诣
Ȼּĸ֣ƾܵȥ
֮󣬾ʹͳĻĶ鱨ħ˿ԵܣùЧ
׼οһۿеĺЩ̣һֱȺ˵Ĳ
ȻͷȻҾǺܴ⡣
ûħڵʱһ൱൱ֲĴڣκθλ߿¶ɵޱȡ
诣Ǿٻħˡ
Ǽ˼ħˣֻǾбȽһЩΪǿƿħˣ԰ǵԪܣΪԼá
鵱Ȼô˳
ͨٻӦʯϢħϼҴȫˣǵĽپ˲׶ǡ
ٶķ£ٶĹҲǿֲԪܵĳеȻ޴档
ȫЩҲãֻǿϧЩס׶ǵˡ
ͳǵҰĺ̰ۣЩ֪ôġ
诣֪Щ£ΪҲǵ˲𣿡
ⶼѾʱǨʮ꣬Ҳûϵɣ
׼ΣʱȫʡҲͳε֮һǿ¡ס
¡ѾǽŵĿܣ֪£Ȼ֪
诶ˡ
׼Ȼ˵¡£ֻת˻棬̵Ĵʼˣһ֪ǵʱǿ֮һԤ֪δԲٿظʡӰʵ
ͳȺµˡ
սǰϦһ˶ȡԪܣһСħȻǱΪѱͶħˡ
ȺͽҲã˼Ҳãֳ޵ߣһԵرڵǵϡ
ǲûħˣֻԷҪʹڵȴȻ½⡣
̫˵ħУ޷ͬɿħ˵ӡ
ħҲܽ׶εˣڴȺߵΧ޷Ա˱ɱ
诣
̽ħսʱڣΪ˱ЩܹħûΪԪܶɥʧǵˡ

ʥ
ĸǹ
շٵĴȻħ
ϸĳͱм΢СĿһ˿ĳһƬɫǿһĨϨĻ档
ޱһĻ
ûзɴûؾߣûκװãֱǿС
ԹΪλĿռһ˴ڣż·ħ˶Ԫܡ
һ·׷ħԪܲųΪҪжսҪ侲
Ȼ˶ݵ˼С
ڽʥ֮һֱڱǿԪģĸָܵǿҲ
ÿռԶץץⷽͺԣڰǵӶʱ򣬼ʹҲ޽ӴֱӴˡ
ʥƺʲôʱ䡣
ҪŪҪѰҸԴ
ޱ߼ʵǿգԪܵĴڣͻأʧԭء
Ȼ󡪡
һŻҰ׵պڵĹԼԶΡɭĽȺ䡣
ħ
ĽϣܣϺͨŲͬĹֱȥ


147 
ֿ, ڽΪζ𰸵Щˡ
Ϊ˱ĳЩȺ壬׷ߵ
ֻǳԡ
׼ƺʲô, ܿ죬ۼ̫ܹħˣµ鷳
Ԫ˷
ԪҲ޷תħ
Щ˻һң¿Щ, Щ˸ɴͳױħˡ
ŸôⲿֳԱͼǣֱǣΪԾֱӻٵǣ
ЩĽŸ߲ҪԵ, ͬҲ
ỹҵս, ħ˸ľҲתһЩ, սչ档
ŵĳԱһⶼԪܡԹħˡ
, ʹ֪ԪܵΣ, жԪܵĿҪǿԸҲûм٣Ҫ͸ħս
Ҽʹһ㣬ųԱǶǿ, ǲȥħˣħҲ
൱һʱŵĸ߲ǽͷö
ŵĳԱҲսдǼԱȻʼԪָܵΣ
诵һ, Ҳ֪ԼżҲΪԪܶʧ, ǻһ޶֮ڵ, ׼ε˵, Ǿͺÿ˵Ըйˡ
׼ξ˺ö, Щ˹ִЩ˽, Щƫ, Щ˼, ЩʧܵġЩ׶ʺϽ̫Ԫܡ
ȻָӵԸӲƬģһʾȫģҲֻȡеһְˡ
ҲʾڰǵҲвˣߵһѾ൱ѵã󲿷Ҳȥսˡ
˳˼
诣ԣԪܺħΣ֮⣬ǲǻңĽʵǣô˵أһȽ󣿡
ֻǸʵԼȥóۡ
׼ֱӷ⣬ΪԵ£ЩΪħȺˣνİɲֹǰܺߴߡ
һۡ
һ룬һζݵļӿԺ
ڷȼգ˴鲼ſӶĲƽֵྡ¥שʯźһһĿȫǵģʬ塣
⻭һţΪܵˣȻܲ׽еϸڣҲǸɫƬֱۡ
ȻǸħˡ
ҪôǸħˡ
诣˵İҲɱЩЩҪȺħߵͨˣ
ͨ˲ȫָ޸֮ˣֻǲħ˰ˡ
ŰЩħˣȻ󷴹׼˺ǰߵˣȻҲûʲô֮䲻Ҫɱ׼
ǾãȻЩȶ֣ͬԼͲҪˣ
Ҳǣ˶֪ԪܲѡĽȻħͶħ˵
ִǹΪ֮ǺߵĻĳʹ
̵ĸ߲ΪΪսҡȥǿߡ
׼̯֣߲ǵóۣΪ˲ţҲΪ̵˲ҪǶ
֮󣬽ŵǿǼսǵսֻΪ˻Ԫܣ취ħˣȻڸƫԶսֹħЩɱӶᡣ
ֹ
Ҽ֮ǰ¡
׼ĵ˵֮սͽˣɱħ˾ΪԪܡ
诣֮ǰ˵λ֪£̵죬𣿡
ȡζ塮š
׼ģɵ˵ܺǿҲɹħﵽȫ̬ɱĳʱĳ̶ֳϺ϶ΪһȻ뿪ˡ
诣
ô롣
׼ε˵ƺҲûʲôϧζȷʵһʧˡ
诲Ǻʲô̶ȵĺ϶Ϊһ
鸴ӵһű£ôҪʲô
ϣҺЩ磬޷ش㡣
׼ƺ׼˵ģ֮˵ɡ
诣ȸңҾ֮㾿Ҫʲô
׼εؿһۣûкޣֻͳֱۿڽӲΧϡ
ڷŮһԵ˫ı˿ڱΣҲڸǡ
ɫĹվһƬžΨȴֱͨڡ
诣
˵ʵҲȫȥ
ҲԼĴռͳһζ̣ҧһһָԾһСȼ
⻹ǸƵ¶ȵ
ȻѾϰ׵磬ûʱȥúÿֵġ
Ȼ˾Ͷų̣϶ʱһƬѬơ
ô£
ǱԶŴ򿪣иسȹŮ˽ֹ̡
诶ʱϳĺƣʿĴʹߡ
Ǹ
ֽõȴҲû𣬡ҴǲĶ̣ȿʼģ⣬ллϴΰס楣Һ¶ȵս»һֽ֡

ĺתͷ£´ص벻Ҫֱӽȫϵͳڵ
׼˿̣ͲҪȫϵͳˡ
֪ô£ΪѾܾòˣһվǰ仰ӵϡ
ĺ΢Ц˵ʱҾܻ쵰
׼˿̣ңһ໰ʻԱӶСѧϰӦܸ㲻ָ
ĺƣ
գգۣҷǳ⡣
ĺ̾˿
Ϊһ̾򽻵ˣҲڰǻ켣ôĻ
诵Ҳ֪㣬һ£ɱߣ
ĺ΢΢ףĳЩ˿ߣйٻţйٱ𡣡
ȻָԼˡ
诣ǲǻӦлл㡣
ĺƣ
诣
аɡ
ʱ÷ԼԼȷʵ򲻹
Ȼɱɪǵ֣ǼҲһ֣˹ķţǱ÷ݲ鿴䷢һĻҲὫ
š
诣ֵ֪⼸ųţ˵ǰΧ¹鹫Ľӡ
ĺʶ׼Ρ
߱ƽؼ̡
ĺƣλµĴϵʱпȥģģԲǡ
诣򡪡
ˡ
׼η̣Ϊ𣿡
ϻ
̽ԭȵʶһߣص˵ͷ
ڷŮָָеĺǸıĳط˯
ԼǰƬ
׼ףǸ
诣
үֶġ
诣аɣȻأ
׼Σɱ
诣
׼ΣɱӦþͲˡ
诣ôɱһ
Լ취
׼ηƵ˵ֶѵÿ˶ԪܵĸܲͬԼĥɡ
Ȼ֪ۺԼܵ¡
ⶼصˡ
诣Ϊչʾһʻ̳̣ȥμӻʽϰùھһ
׼Цһ㲻Ǻ̫֮ܳ
һ㶣˷ɳĹھ
˵ħȻɱ˳Ҳȷʵֱʤ
üһ
ʮָпȻ뵽Էո˵ʲôҲǳֻǣֻǾá
ĺƵɫЩ֡
诣ôˣ
Ŷûʲôֻ㡣
ĺѾ飬˵̰֮
һ˵һ߿۷мĺʵǰ£ʵϲѡЩ߽ΪԻ㣬ҵҪĶȻ㡣
诲ЩԻ󣬡˵̲ߣ˵һ˼ά𣿡
սǺİ
Ȼ֪ζԸԼĵˣңֹҲࡣ
ĺ̯֣͡

课¶ףȵȣһʡ
׼ҧ̿ԥԥȻڿȥˣǰһƣȥ
ͬʱĺٴӿĺٿȻɢһ˲
ֱ֮
׼ɿ֣ħֿȻֱӱ֮С
ӶӰʧڷ
ʣµ
ĺƳĬƬ̣𣿡
ûȥЩ
׼óһµ̣˳ֵݸԱߵŮһ֧̾ϢŽ˹ȥ
Ȼһʼ
ѡ߶ˡ
׼³һȦͷŻҰ׵ڿɢ
ʣһҪôҪôȥɱûеѡ񡣡
ðɣȻǵ£ҾͲ˵ʲôˡ
ĺƲûжԴ˷ȻҲ뵽ЩǲǱħ˿ˣ
ǱԪܣȻ־ˣȻԼʶ
׼ļ򣬡ħӰ֪ĴҲˣҲûʲôãǵУҲֻ÷е㱾£ʥ֮󣬽Ҳעˡ
׼ͣһ£ôɱˣҲˡ
ĺЩεؿһۣн𡣡
׼Σһ̻
ĺƣ

ͬʱ请ԼΧĻΪϤ
վһĺɫϣʯ̨׹⻬䣬ͬ㵹ӳӰ
ǲ԰׵գ̻ҵڣԶĺڰĹȺ֡
ϴǳλá
ԥһ£Ȼ̨Ϸȥ


148 
һڰĴפ㡣
Щھʯĵ, ȥɭһ׳ʯһһɫ
Щ̵״, Ϸû񷶥·ӿ档
Ӧһ֣ڿȥҲڣΪЩһ֡
ûôʱ͵ִ, ;һЩ谭, Բһ֮, Щɢ
ԽеԼԪܵƿ
ԭȸ£ڼֵ
еԭ, Ͳ
, ͣס˽Ų, ΪеЩ֡
ԪܶǸ˱תƿصЩȻʱ˿, ָеڱԪϢ
İġ
ǿǸ࣬ıǻ̫֮ħˡ
ȷһ, ΪħԪܵĽϿƸȶ, ϸֱȴûô, ˻ᱻܳ롣
ԪܵԼ, ĸ֪, ħǲͬġ
ҡ
ԪϢᾭ仯
Ϊǻ᲻ϴµħԪܡ
ɸӦǸ˵ԪܣǲԼڼ, Ȼչ˸֪
˵, еﶼ, ԭܷӳʮ֣Ҳֻʣһ֣һӱġ
һֱǸ⡣
һֱԪģܣδܵκƣɵչԼĸ֪Χ
ɿǸ˵ò
ϸ˵Ѿˡ
Ǹƾͷļǣյĺ
˫˫ȵĽṹֽŵĹ࣬ϥǰںŷ˶ָצ
Щʵ֫ϣ鲼ͣдСſбպϵģŵ״̬һͷ
Щͷÿγ˲ʮ׳Ȼ׼ץסΧĺӰǲԵһ㽫ӰβסջȥͽЩ
Ϊʲôץô׼
ΪǸٸ趯ĺɫ룬ÿ϶ֻƾӾҲŹκһˡ

ɺȻʶڡ
ЩȥеϤ
һ˲䣬Լ̫ѡȵȣǲе飿
ˡ
ʲôˡ
ڣ̬ĴʵҲǾ޽еġ
ʥɱħʤӵͼĵָ嶼ҲЩƵġ
ת䣬Լȥһۡ
ȫûħ
һ¥ôߣǸ࣬һٱĻǰ϶İǸ֡
ܳɳز
ɴûɹ⡣
ֿʱ䣬ħٶ˵ֻҪõԪܹ࣬ӦҲǲðˡ
ǽЩٽӵҲãЩƺԥһҲãûᲢۡ
ٽЩˣҲЩħģֻǰزûܳɹ
Ҳദһʱ󣬶ĳЩ޷ħеʵھĪȥǵļ䣬ŵóĽۡ
Щ˾սǱʶﻹСħڱħˡħ˾Ͳࡱ޴
˵Ȼûв룬ǻսʱڣħ˱˼Ȼ⵽Ⱥ¡
˵ʱ򻹻еϰ
ټϱҲţħĽȾ͸ˡ
Ȼ䣬Ƭռ俪ʼݱЩӰҷʱҲԪһӶ
ȻǸħҲʧˡ
ɣ
Ҳͻһʱ˼û뵽ԷͳŲס·ˡ
һĻǰ벻˵ʲôĻ
ĪЩЦ
֪ΪʲôʼǾˡ
ǰǸûʲôо룬еɰ
žһοЩʱ
ƺҲһǰ£ȻĻȴš
ǸѩԴվůƵ·ƣԶ޺ҫ紵ɢѩ
ŮվѩϿԣһȻ̧ͷԼ
ɢҵںܷմȾϸѩԼѩˮʪĽë£ˮϴ
һкǸոշһÿϸڶ˺֡
ɵļһܺãҲǾĶ֣ȷԼÿ¶ǵô
ʲôĺ塣
Щʲô֮أ
ʱոպǸ췢һܣȻúܶݶ˫ûȫȷʵΪۺ翴诵ļе൱ŭ
ڷŭ±ֱӳǶ߶СԼҲ˵
ڼѩϵĶʱʼ೰Ǻ֮Щɢˡ
ˡ
ָо
ֹһŭ֮У˵Щ߰Сһкͽƽˡ
йص¶ܿɰ
ȻʱܴĪ
Ȼɰ
òΪ̸ЩצĳĴ롪
ɻع
ɣ
ڸʲô
Ȼħ䣬һйص¡
ֿʼŭΪȻ鲼Ԫܣո޷˲ƵǸߡ
Ͼ˲˵֪ǿԴЩܲԪܷ϶͸ȥġ
ڷ۵곤̾һ
Щоǳ΢ʹ˵Ҳ޷⡣
Դм俪ʼͿԪȥģܣȻǰٷְκܶȫģ⣬ֻǴйԵû⡣
ңģµЩı֮ɸƺ㡣
ԴӺܾǰʼ֪Լһ˲ͬѺлٵ׷װһҲ֪òҪ¶Щͬ
ͻ
˵㹻Ӧ鷳֮ǰҪеܡ
ʵûЩκ˷ҲһֱΪԼûҪñ߳еԼܡ
֮ʵҲûк˵ʵʱ־˵Ҳûϵ
ķӦÿҲ˺̫Щͨеݡ
ƩʵĿˣעûըɵһĻ¼
Ϊ࣬ԶǸ˵ĶѡȻҲʲô˿ĵ¾Ͷˡ

ٴη
ֿʼˡ
Ȼˣħ棡
ðɡ
Ѿ˵ˡ
ɲٴԼҲٳЩȥ֤ûôں
ʱȥ塰ϲߡΪǰ˼Щ⣬һӱ˿еõȻͬĴ𰸣ýһ̽Ǻġ
ΣһһԼĻش
ҪͱԼᣬҪͱ˽ʱõзԼϵ
˵ԼûϵҲ˵Լں
ʵ
˵ȷʵûϵΪֻѶѺϻˡ
һǼٵģֻˡ
ں
ںҪˡ
ϲĻϲǰĻǰˡ
Ԫ궯
ˡ
۸ղǸҪһУȻҵԼĸܡ


149 
̱ڵϷ
ǸɫĹ, ȫϢͶӰ˸ĺվڽӲϣùԷϢ
诱׼ȥ, ʵ۵˵
һ̽ȻֹúתһȦɱҲϸ·
ȻЩӰԽԽ࣬ڶħ״̬, ˦Ҳ, ޿̽ħ
Ȼﲻеġ
صʵ֮, ȻԼϡ
ҪǣħʱԽʶԽ, Լʧǵʱ, Ǵܳˡ
˰, 诲ǿһԼΪʲôһһΪһڱʲôط
㿴Χ
ĺƲͷһۣǰǸ, Ϊ˰ͽȥ
ȻҲҪ
һ£˼ǣΪ˶ν𣿡
ǰ, ûҪһξͳɹ
ĺƺЦ˵
Ŷûˡ
֧, Ϣһ, һٽȥ, , ҳʵҲһ⡣
ţ
诣ʹԪܣܲ, Ҳ, ħ״̬, ʶ᲻ѡ
ĺƵ˵ͷȫʧȥʶܻܿԶħˡ
˳˼
ոոǸȣûԼȱħˡ
ĺƣÿ˶Ҫ취ȥ˷Щ⣬ͨʲô;Ҫ㻨ʱ䡪
δ䣬Ȼ΢ز
˾㵵塣
һźʹ䶯ɢѳ飬Ȼƴ
ȥھʲôĥһ㡣
诣ʲô˼
˵ζһħˣͼջɢȫ
诣֮ǰѵ״̬𣿡
ɰ˯ѡ
诣ðɣڳˣΪʲô
ĳΪǳɻתֵĴڡ
ĺƵЩأŷ벻䶯ĺɫţ֪Щʲô
诣ᱻٻ𣿡

ĺն˵׼θַӡģѣ״̬òҪٽȥˡ
š
ǿЪ˹ҲվԻ˽Ǹ򡣡
ûҲ֡ϾҲҪ˻ø
诵ͷȻһԼսʱĸܣһΪҵĴħʱҺӦʲô˵Ԫܡ
ȫ̬ʶǺѣ󲿷־սϣȥ˼顣
룬ڿȷʵǸˡ
Ǻóֱ˵ԪܣοʱħʶһŻ磬ȫ޷жϳǲԼʶˡ
οԴҲӦñԼǿ
ǣ
诣ɱܴɾǵʵǾǵɱΪ˱øǿ𣿡

ĺҡҡͷһһһƿװˮ޵ġ
诣
㲻õġ
ĺƵ˵̰֮Ƚߣȥ׼β㳢ַʽ
һ˵һ򷿼°̰֮ͣ˻ɱб
һ㳢Թ𣿻˵ʧˣ
ǵ׼ǰ˵Щ˵˰ǾǶ壬ϳԣʧȥұħˡ
߱ɻħ˵Ĵڡ
ĺ΢΢ҡͷԹΣûɹȻͲˣǸоá
˵ʲô
ĺƴֻңĳɹʧԼġ
ִӴռһӶ˹ʹҴææˣȥҪʲôҪ¡
说һһ·ЬӣݳƷƵıǩû۸λ
ĬһٴαĴռ䡣
ǶڣҲ·Ҫ͡
˼ãҲӶ¿Ĵռ䡣
뿪䣬ƽ̹ˮȣ˲⡣
Ӷפ㣬űԶź£深ĳУһʱЩʧ
ȻǽŵĳѨ֮һȴαװһҿƼ˾һĴã۸ӵ֯ޡ
һչԶĳȥвԽɭﴩȥķ
诿˼ӣʧԭء
һ׵ĸ߿УһͳڵϣΧƵĵȻɢȥ
ҹ˾Ĵ¥ǰһ̻㳡ͣؾߣװĵԱ³Ա߻һЩԶۻ
诲Լһζ˹ԣЩҲɨǵҲʲô⡣
Ȼһ±ζƴ̺һ󱭱֭Աߵĳųһ߳һ߿ʼ˼
۽ŵʲô뷨ڼ֤˸ǿ֮ҲֵҪǿ
·һ˲صǰڰǽֵϿЩߵսӿ޵Ŀͽơ
ʱǨ̬ȴȻڡ
ڰǾĥѣҲٳܸģֻһĽףǳԿ۾ܳɹġ
ǵҲڱȰôˡ
⣬Ҫȥɱ̰֮ȴܻᱻ˽ȵǣҲЩˬ
˵׻Լǿɡ
һνȥʱ˵Ҳܳ׻Ȼսˡ
߰š
ȻЩæҵĽŲ
ͣǱ߹һˣŻŵվۻǰƺʲôǮȴûõҪġ
ֳˣ
˿ĻϿסļҳ棬ֵضŻһȭвɣǰ첻Ǹ𡣡
ֿ˿ʱ䣬ȻûܼȥҴתǰд¥ˡ
诳һۣǸĻҳ滹ǿ״̬Ҳе
ĬĬżצͬһղλֵܡ
Լ£˵ѷۻֱק
߰ѶŪ
诲ű߼ʵţȻֿһ˹վۻǰ档
ţ𡣡
Ǹ˵
һ룬ĻϵļҳٿȻʧ˸ɹʾ
̣ڵľ°װС

̰֮
һȭϵϡ
ָ˲Ť飬ԭԪ̬籼ڶļڿ׺ݵسײһ
ʼЩƼ᲻ɴݵھʯϣѺۡ
ҷĺ˺Χɢ񷶥Ҳʼ̮
ˡ
ڱ̮֮ľȫǰܵ纣Ԫܡ
ЩԪܳ˻ͬ˳Ҫû
ǰεĺͬһƬڰĺҲһƣƺ޵ĵ
ħΪ̰֮Ĵڵı塣
ģλ໥ϡ
ǿĵˣɽԷȴûʱ䡣
ΪԼɲٿħԪܡ
ܵЩʱǾͿʼת䣬Ȼ߰ԪһԼĶ
ɲϳԪܣ𽥻صĲҽкͳصĺ졣
ԪܵĿӿڣͣЪسײ򣬽޸һһεشݻ١
ЩҲһ֣ĵǰߣߵͻῴ˯ĺʶתκοĻ
ὫһġǾȡԪܷŽǵ壬Ӵ֮ǾͳΪľ־
֪֮ЩΪļ䡣
Ⲣɹࡢ˼άеЩＸûκ۸ܣǴļ¼ߡ
緢ʲô£ɹʧܣᱣ״̬ŭҲϲá
󣬾磬ʯ磬Ҳֻͬʯɱ
ɡζӰ
Щǹȥ¡
ǱණתзĺУ˻ڰĴҵ춯ص걯ĵ
˶㣬Ҳ˶ֻ£ǱֲȫǱܡ
ɲƿԪܣЩ϶ߣͬʱ˸ļ䡣
ħǽ棬ڳֵһ˲䣬⵽൱ҵĹ
޷Ԫܵķʵϵ˺ˡ
̼׶ǣսĻ
ȻҲħΪ
ǻָЩƾãЩչȽĿƼҲЩϵӺ嫣ȴΪвԪܵɢ
ʱǰˡ
ʼδ뿪ԭħˡ
ǵڻ壬ʵϣǸƺԴȻû֪ըǰʲô
ħˡʱ򻹲һ壬ǻ壬˺һ֮Щԣϻǲͬġ
ǸǻǣһЩǿԵϣʱƣֵֿͶӻ
Ʃͺصİ״ƤƩ൱ԽѭϵͳƩõ٣ֵ˺ȵȡ
һָɴǿǵṹֻ
֣˵ǵ൱ޣ˸̸ϽһȺš
ӣҲῪʼ޵ԴȻڼ佥ôһЩ
ҲֻԵġ
ڲͬϣЩ忪ʼ
ʶҪԣ޷Ϣǿʼøǿ
ֱǵ˷֣ǿԴǵĻø
忴ȥһСǣͬǣǹ̶״̬ûйûת
ὫĴͬƮɢѹӢһ㣬ЩܻκεطȻȥѰҪԴ
Щħˣ˵ʱħ˵ǣ뿪ԼϢ֮ڻ帽ǻ
ǿʼͼԵ塣
ɣ
ӵһõħԴѾǹڼİ汾ˣŪ׶԰С֡
ȻǸҲһ֪ࡣ
Ϊÿħ˶ɻ塣
Ҳֻһ˰ˡ
ңһ£ٸ˹ͬһôĵ⡪ʹ˺ܶ죬վԶ˿Ҳʲô仯
ʳħǣʼõǵڶⷢ仯
Ǹǿˡ
׻ɱЩûгԹͬࡣ
Ӿǵ뷨ǿʼʳûΪճ
ǵĽʳڣˣЩħԽԽǿ屻ҲԽԽ٣ճʧȥ
ĳϵĻ
ûʶڲϵͳҲܸӣж١Ʃλڵᣲǧٸңħ˲Ͽɣ屻ԵԽԽСЩȻҲԵ
ȻӲд
˱ƳֳҲܻһ
ңͨʧȥٳ忴ήȱȴȻڻ޸
һħֹͣʳͻѸ
Ȼԭȵ״̬ǰħǾͻٴο
ħ֪ܹ޸ħҲ֪ԸɾˣʳԴܾûˡ
ħһֱʳţûг״ݻ
ЩħԽǿǿʼӰ磬СͬΪԼľڸСЩǼûмֵǾΪǲٿصĶǰ߻ܵõǴԪܣ߾ֻһȺڻҰˡ
ǵ־ڵȥͬǰ㴩λıݶ̽档
ȻǲǰЩ磬ѰҸĿԱջõ
һ죬ǵ˾С
һЩħǲ֪ʲô֮ЩᵽѪζȺ㣬ӵӿħڵĿռ䡣
˫չսħǽڽܣȻЩ뿪ˡ
ħûΪʧܶŭʶԼȻǿһħٴν˻塣
֪滹̲ĳ޸ħǴߵҪǿҪ졣
Ȼ󣬻屻׻ٵˡ
ħظӦǰδеǿ
ȻģڲŶħ˵ȫµ
ЩԪܣõˣԴĹ򣬳ΪĴڡ
ħ˵ıʹ׷ǿ
ǿʼɱЩڻĵغƬǾЩƬոԪܡ
Ĺ¾ͺǸˡ
Ļħ֮սãշ׷뿪ǳ棬ǰ硣
ɣ
˳ļʱΪӿӴԪܣԺеһЩƺҲˡ
ĵغһʮ΢СĴڣ״ԪˣһԪܲĸԴ൱ڻࡣ
ǣʱħ˶ԪܲУǵĸ֪УԪ˺Ƭûʲô
ƬսУǵᴩ棬˺˿ռ䣬Ԫ׹λ֮ķ϶С
ɿວ˵ĳ
ԼǰףЩ׼˵Ť״Ĵڣǵǰζؽʳ๷
оʹ࣬ҲоŭһֻǵӰǰ
Ȼ˸ƵĻ档
Լڴըд˿ռͨһ棬˼񵽣жδ֪ϡпȻշתۣ˳ؿƼʵҡ
Ȼ̥ϡ
ԼǻԪˡ


150 
ؿƼδƻѡĻϳ, ˹ˣּڴǿߡ
ȷʵǵĳԡ
ù׬Ǯ֮⣬вʵоԱ, Ҳⷽſȵİá
ҲǷĵҪ֤ʵԼۣҪƾ뼼ǿߣԽʵƷ
ĳЩ׷սսһЩ˵Ŀ׷ǵʵ顣
Щǿ¡, Щн, һ, Ƕǡڿѧˮ׼ܵ͵һ
ǲʵ飬Ҳ˻漰ĸ, Щʵ庢ͯΪָĲ
ʱ򻹲ǵ, Ǹʹľ
ЩоԱ, Ȼһݰ壬һźǵĲҽУǱĥ, ԼĿ̡
δƻĿģЩʵ壬Ѹǿ, Ϊ¡ٿء
ûħ, ûԪܵ, ǿ, Ʃ, ĳϾ޵еġ
ɿϸϣȻ֪δƻĿʼʱ, Ҳ֪ĳЩʵ徭ܹҾ徵Ĵ
ʱûħ˵Ĵ, ¡ĲƷ֮һ, ˲ŵ㡪˵ĲǼԱǿߡ
ǸЩɥʵĸԭ
䣬δƻһֱУЧȴ⣬ʵܲɱоԱ¹ʡ
ֹһ
ȻҲЩɹӣͶĳɱƺƻЩòʧ
ȻĳоԱչϡпʱõǿԪˡ
ڴԽλĹУԪҲģʱҲֻʣһʯͷĴС
Ԫ˵޷оԱȤûнйֻǹԼо
ƺᶨΪ̲һ
ˣһ˵¡
ʵ־ļУΪȫ˵жǿԪĳ̥ںˡ
·ûãоԱһɴ¹ʣĿһʵ壬Ҳƽ˱ˡ
½ֵȻʲôԪ˵£ԶЩʵһͬʣøʲôʲô
ɣ
ЩϢȡϣԼԪ˵ġ䡱Ȼ͹̡
Ԫֻǻһ֣һģֻԪ˱˵Ĺܡ
ƩӵС䡱
಻ͬǣڼⷽ棬Ҳһִ壬ԷԼһС
ӻ屻ħǿɴԪ˱¶ܱߵħᣬٵλ棬պ̥ϡ
ûʶûи飬һ˰¿ص
۾ˤֻҪû𻵣ᰲؼ¼ԼһУʹ࣬֡
Щֻǳ״̬
ɻĳЩϤϤоħԪʱԪ˼֮һ
ԲһħʱӻյԪܡ
ЩԪͬͬԴļһ𣬼ЩԪ˵ļ䡣
룬ɱǸҲֻ˵Ϊʵʷ
ȷʵڻ壬Ҳȷʵλ桪ָֻ費ǻģ
ħҲľ⣬ǲΣҲ𣬾ҲлԼ
Թħкܶ࣬ջ˻ģֻһСǿħˣҲǡ
Դħ˶Դ˳±״̬ҲǵеٮٮߴõԪܡ
ǻյִڵʱѾϰˡ
ȻħҲǿߣǿߵԪܶһЩߵһЩԪģܷҲкܴࡣ
඼ǴħڳߵԪܣЩԪħ˽ϹģħʱҲħˣұһЩԪ
˵ħ˺ͻͬԴħ˺Ԫܵ϶Ӧøߡ
ЩܸܽϵͬʱκǵĽ϶ǳȶںϡ滻Щ֡
ˣЩ޵ħ˵һǵṹ⵽ƻԪܾͻкȥԴڡ
˵Ԫ޷ٱߣⲻħ˸߼
෴滻ڵԪܣһӵֻһֱӵУ
ȻħһȥﴩѰңҲԪܸ߼ˡ
ǵҲҪȥ⡣
֮⣬˵ܵԪӰ죬һϵо⣬ҲΪǵĸħ˸ӡ
ɽԪȫת֮ȫ˼
Ҳ̫ܡ
ħԪܣһǴģԻģһǷӣɱתںϳġ
ǧǲǰռ䣬ΪѰҸ֮ɻΪá
ͼЩȻ̲ǺףΪ˵ǸԪˣóٿصĻǵԪܡ
ֻԪܵĻǹʵ൱򵥵ģǺһȻ
Դʥ󣬾һֱڱǿҲΪϻԪܣʱģʱʶġ
Ԫ˵࣬ҲϵԪˣ߶Ҳ
һС
СеҲӭж⡣
еãʹ࣬Ҳ⡣
ϾǵԪˣΪĴڣҲǲ߱˼жġ
ֻԪˣȻܴħϻԪܡ
Ͳ뷨ɭԶ⵹ȥѿһ
̥֮ԪȻԪܡ
ֻٶޡϾǰħ˵ǧȥԪ˲ŲһԪܡ
ͻԪṩĻͬ
Ϊһˣ˵һǻ־ҲӰԪ˵״̬
ɶԣǽʥǰԪܶȫ㹻ˣ㹻ɻÿħˣڡ
ħˡ
ֻδʽЩǽֶѡ
ҡ
֪ǽȻͬĴڡ
ҲӵǲԪܣҼʹҲ޷֮룬ϾԪܻȫںϡ
ЩҲԪ໥Ӱ졪˵ܶСûԪܵĳ˵޵еĴڡ
ĸ֪ΧЩҲﷶ롣
ˣĳϻᱻжΪͬࡣ
Ȼļ﷭صĻ档
͵Ϯ鲢ʲôԤıѾõ£ֻǸɺϡ
̰֮ķ뿪ʥѡһǰƥ˹ֻǱ߾£˴֣Ҫתһ˳ΪԼľ
ΪľȻܸоֱ仯
ִʱǡǻʽʼǶһã͡
ѪҽСʬ壬Ŀռվ
ЩʲôϵĶ
ЩϵϤǣûɵĹע
ڷ۵ĹӶס˹֣һƬǽսϣƺںעŽŮˡ


151 
ʥΧ
֮Ļ, ԹΪλĴƬǿգȻָͬ
ǧĽפ̫ձУǺڹƼ, ܱ߻Ÿƽ̨ͨѶмվ
Щ̫ս϶ĻռǣԶԶȥļȻ
һڲƷ֮УΪڶࡢԼפʱ磬ʯռݵĵ
ȼյĺ챦ʯžǿ
һ, 󽢵Ļ, Ȼ˴Ӱ
ͶӰ̨Աߵļ˷׷һ
¶һ, Աߵɳϣһ¡
ȥЩƣ, ĺ췢ɢ, Ȼ˵·, ҲûúʱҪȥ
󲿷ָոսħ״̬ѾǺܲˡ
Ҷ˿
ǰսûôѡ
楣ʲô£
¶üҸոյĶֺȻˡ
˶ʱͷˮ
ǰ̰֮ľ֡
ɻص
û
¶ȵͷ, ȻˣȷɱģΪʱǻʤѷֵ״̬
˵ʲô
, 뵽һ˵Ĵ𰸡
Ȼ, ɴ΢һ, Ȼʼҵز
Ƕħ, Ҳо嫰ԪϢ, ε˳ӿˢ
Ǻ⴩޾ѵķɴ
һ˲䣬Ư޶Ĺ, ·ʱᱻƷ, ٱû
״̬Ҳֻ˼ӡ
Ҳȵͣԭ
¡
極ĹԷ, ͷһƾͱɫ
ԱߵĹҲչһۣʱͽһģһ
Ԫǽֱϵѿڡ
極˵
ʥΧڶԪܱϡвɺħ˵ķ񳹵ױƿˡ
˵ǰҲѷ죬øħ˴ܳżҲ˽ȥҲǲȶġʱʱֵ״̬
ȴ󲿷ʥҪȽһƬռ䣬ȻȥǸʱٵĸʡ
ڣϳ˳ǽ֮ķɴֱӳʥˡ
¶ҲЩ𾪣Ҫ侲һЩ뵽һ£оı𣿡
ˡ
һæ㿪ԣԪǽѿɢڵٶȣٸСʱ֮ھͻȫʧݷΧֱܻӲµı߾
¶֡
æһԡ
¶ȸսӵԾ΢յһҪϢ
ͷһۣã׼ȥħ˸ɼܰɡ
䣬˵ĹԶʼ𶯻ʾŷ򶼴˼ľ
Ԫǽáֻѷʱħ׷ߵϢ뿪ʥ򣬳Ѱ
ЩԶԵħеǿߣȻѷھǣܸܵߵķλĿꡣ
ĸħֻܽƬռ䣬ĴѰΪʱ⣬ɵʧ˵ޡ
һѿڣǵͼħˣҲײ׽Ŵߣ
иֳȫϢӰ
Զ̼ĵľ󡪡
̫УεĲݿ˳ţѿӿӰ
ԽԽħ˷ӵȿֺΪǰ治ϧͬ࣬˺ҧץǰ衣
Ӱͬ̿ڵĿ񳱡
ҵǣѿǹʯȦա
ǵҪһʱֱι
Ԫǽ𣬴ԪҲڲ磬̫յĻ˸ı䡪
ʱ˿̣ʯŵԱڿռվڷɴ͸ϴ͸Զ̼豸ȫϢͶӰؿһĻ
˿־壬˷ܣ˾Ȼפ֮ǰ֪ԪǽҲ׼
֪ԼҪǰһС
ܺͺصķɴձڣͳ߼ĺС
ǲȫǴҲħǺ֮佨ĳľӡ
˹ڣͳЮͬƬڷɴ̫սĻϡ
Ӧѵ𡪡
ھ޴ƽ̨֮ǰǧսȻųУȻǲų
ƽ̨·Ĺӯ⣬еļٹܵһȦһȦѤ⣬һɫڿоۺϳǿ⡣
һ룬貵Ĺ籡ͬᴩìʸħ˵Ⱥ˺˾޴ѿڡ
Ƴħ˵ܲסҽŻҷ
ֻͼħ˰ˡ
ڵԪܺ٣ֻܵͨĵǹ˺޵ܣ޵︴ԭǳǳܵķΧͺ׳ױ
ǣһ֮ʣµĻжħˣͲܹˡ
ٶȿþˣգۼԽʮľ룬ǰս
˫Ȼߡ
ţһǿҵԪܲɨͬ쫷磬ħ˵Ӱڡ
ǵѷ绯ڵԪƺںƵĺ鲨ɢѿ޷ٴθԭ顣

վڴ𺳵һĻ
ɲ֮䣬ԭƺ᲻ɴݵħ˵ɢƮĳ
һӰƶƽָ̨
˹¡
ָĹԱǶ൱
Ƕ֤˸ոһĻҲ˭ֱʡ
ƾɱһħˣȻҲģʣµЩֹʮ˸
һסƻƽ̨Ӧѡ
Ҳֹһˡ
ȻߣǼԱҲֻǿЩûġ
һħ˹Ǻ롣
Ѿ˿ء
˵꣬ߵͨѶԱԱߡ
һߵƵ󳷵ʮţҸǵ׼ʱ䣬ոֻǵһϰ
ȻóĵĽɫ
ΣҶ֪ʵ
ϾҪԵҲСģͻս
ոֱɱЩħˡ
˵ֻʹһ𣿡
иǿħˣΪ˱ɣҼһΣЩħ˿ȥǻӻ־ܻٵӡ
ĳЩ˲
ûԪܡֲڴħ˽ֵ˵ȻͲħ˶ַӽ
ЩħˣҲԸĶ֡
ϾħҪħ˿ȥһʱɱꡣ
ػûϢ
¶ڻ￴Źԣ̧ͷϴ⿴ƽǿգԼԪǽѿڵķ
ǿɲԼֻһʧˣ
ʵ
˳ڲ
˹õԱߣ¶һ˿ƣ̬һ
ҲںһսֻǲȻĶֲûֱʧսҲû
¶ȵĶֱӱֻһͣǾˡ
췢Ůַ˭ɵģ
ӦЩħˣǻҪ
Ʃ˵ǸɱĴڣǴζһµľǣĿĶδ֪ģĻɵԶԶЩܳĵͼħˡ
Ҳе
˹һ³ֵľǡ
¶̾˿˿ԣɺƶûϢ
ǻҲæ
˹΢΢ҡͷϴԪǽѿڷ
ǿֻʵħˡ
кܶͨʧ֮ġ
һֵս
¶ȿϴԱߣʯӳǿգ˵ֻҪеħսͽˡ
ζŴ󲿷־ͨħ˵־Ҳζתħˡ
ʣЩħˣͨ˵Ǻ鷳ڸֶԣĲʲô
˭֪ûôס
ɱһѶȣԶԶɱһ
ڵľǣѾɱڶħˡ
ֳ˵
ȷʵɱ
ȻɱҪԪܣһܳܵԪ޵ġ
Ԫܹǿܵ˵ǺȫȻձħ״̬߸ģֱӱĳ塣
ԣʣµϣͼڰǵˣ
¶ȼս⣬Ҳû⣬ÿɱħ֮ǰҲֻǰǡ
սħˡ
ǲֹħ˽򣬽κ˾סĳд
ԣȫ֮ǰʵעҪս𸲸ǣÿ˶ܱС
Ȼֻǿܡ
߿ħǵزĹңֻ˵˿ڵĻħͷﲻ
ħǿƶڲͬܣսΧƺɢκһ
ʹһսҲȻͷβûгֹħˡ
һȻ⡣
¶Ⱥһ㣬Ҳʱ˿̣ԼʯŵĽӳˣΪЩȻתá
ԿԼ
һأֻΪζ޷赲ȫħˣԸɴֻһ·
ÿһħ˱ɱܾһһȺ߱ɱ
οħ˺ߵսǷ˶ܼڻƻսУ꼰˵޹¿̫ˡ
˹ͨڵ򣬸൱źĸȻҲħ˵Գ
ǺˣӴ˾ͻΪЦ
˹˵ƼҵڿǣϺĽӶǲǰˡ
ҲںЩ޹ؽҪοǡ
¶ȴ˵ΪЩǵˣЩǳŵǱӻˣ
ǰһݶӵսԴǧⵯǿ֯ɻԻ͵ޣ˳ˮϯħˡ
Щⵯ͸ƬѪ⣬ЩǱɵѸɢ
ħڿм۷裬ػߵķײǰս֮С
Щħ˵ɣЩײ˻ܺϴֱӽ˴Щ߽֡
Ȼ䣬ǿﵴһڵ⡣
ҵĽɫϯһ֮УħǵӰû
ħ˱˺ȻӰ𺣣ǰĽӡ
¶վڷɴĹ۾̨ϣֱ߻мǱŽ
Ѿȷˡ
˹վߣȥ̰֮
̸۸ոǸ⡣
¶Ȳ⡣
ϾǸѣΪһɱĿҲֻ֣ǰʱҲ̫ˡ
سˡ
¶ȿ˿ԣҾͲ˷ʱˡҪһ𣿡

˹ն˵ȥȥɡ
ܿҲº͵ͳûʱû
¶Цһ֪İɣʹǲȥҲܻᱻĳҵ
棬Ӻܿϡ
˹˵ʥķܹн룬ķ͡
ս滮ռƣ
¶һӣǼ༸ǣҪʲôУ
Ҳûô򵥡
̾Ϣһ˵ҲеǾ͸ˣװġ
ðɣǾףǱ˴˶˰ɡ
¶Ȼֶд̴˼ħˣ´μ˵ҾǾˡ
ǵܿ챻ٳɻҽԪҲȥ
ǿԪߵɢڷС
һħ˴ѿӿǶһий׷ѰߵĴڣǿжλԼĿꡣ
ţһõĻӴͬǰԽħ˵ĺ
ǻ֮ħ˵Ѫ⺡ǺƲнȼݲݱҰնת˲ͱյɢ
˹õӰʧԶǺ

ͬʱһϻһƬ͡
㳡ģԱʱʱ䣬װԱɫҴҸ칫ĵص㡣
ڱɹůĳϣĲɵؿżצӣͬʱǸվڷۻǰˡ
ǸˣԼ˼꣬һͷǳɫòʣȥ⳯͡
Ȼ㲻־ĳ̶ȣ൱Ϳ
Ҳһװȥ߿Ƽ˾Ա
ԪܶһвٵĻ说ҲΪֻһ·ġġƽƽϰ塣
𣿡
΢΢ͷϵˡ
ҡͷǸ˺ȥϰˡ
˰ѿķзŵһߣҲûžΪУǹؾصһС
诰ѾԿյĺӶͰЩһԲϱֵ﹤𣿡
ϸ˵ûй㲻ɣ
˿ͷƵԱߡ
εĿռܿ˶ӣһһм仹һξ롣
ҡҡͷǽŵ𣿡
˴Ӱװ;ߣš
诱˱ۣ֪ҲûôɺϵȻʹֻһˣҲûȥ¡
诣ΪʲôҪţ
ѾˣѧˣʱҸоûʲô˼¶̫ˣҿ׵õҪһС
诲ĿȻŸĳ״ɵĿ𣿡
ðɣʵǵģǲҼԭ򡣡
˳һʱ׼ңұʹһ٣̫ˣұúܲң˵ʲôҾӦʲôڼҪҪ룬ҵȻҲҾܾ
诣
ΪǸۺ־ıҹء
诲еЦԭͷķҲɢȥһЩʶ㲢ܵõҪһУƩһʤ
ˣȷʵ
֮ͬŽӴԪħ˵սԵġ
诲ɾȣʱ㻹ħ
ЦЦԺƽĵطҲûнӴħˡ
Ȼ޴ӵõԪܡ
ҿȥ֮ǰҲħĴڣҲȥʲôħ֫ˡ
ˡ
˳ͶУȻɸɾûĨյ֣
诺֣һΪ˵Ĵš
кܶ˵룬ҵֻԼ
΢Цһ¡

ҲЦݣ׼źڱѹʱûǼһķӦ
ԭ֮һǰλ硣
诣Ҳ㵱ʱķӦúܼˡ
Ҳúܲҡ
֮£ԼºĲʲô۶ûۼӡ
ɡ
̾˿˵߸һ㡣
ȻҲ׼˵ˡ
ͷܲһ⡣
΢΢üţ
һӢȻԸȴòЩ΢˼Ī
诣ĸϵ
ʧЦǰǡ
ȻٴҪһ𣿡
á
说
ȷʵҪһ¡
Ǿ鷳㵱ҵˡ
סԷ֣˲ʧԭأȻڼ֮ĳֵϡ
λ֮ڣǵǣʶܵͣҲһɷ͡
ڹĵĽ
·඼ǲĦ¥ĻӰңССȫϢͶӰڿС
֮ˮŲ䣬Щ͸ǽ˸߲ʵĹ⡣
¥ĵײ㱻գһɫ̻ߴľ֦ҶïĻɫʰ쵡
·ϵ˸¹룬ҸУΪװле֫Ҳ֮¡
ûǹûвҽУѪҲװ˻ڻ
ǵ̸ѧϰԼ°֮ʲô
Ҳ΢紵ЩҶݵɳɳ죬ϸ·ϣֱɨɨɾ
课ԼܾûְܹĳзΧˡ
˽Ų


152 
֡
˵, һ˲һĽǣΪǿȥɣҾǲЩҵķա
û˵
诣Ҳ֪, ҲԼ鷳ֻҿǿվ֪˼ôɱһħ
ٴȻʧЦ, ˵ö, Ҳͬĸо
ͶȥһɻĿ⡣
, žǣʱ˻ҪΪ, ҲΪʲô, ҿԾٳһ, ˵ֻΪǼװ߿ʵҫ
诣ǣ֮䱾޷ġ
ƺû뵽ô˵, ̲סЦһ⵹ǿκҰοĽ䣬ϣСʱҲ֪仰
֪˶е磽, ˵ʹء
²۵, Ȼ⻹ǰ, , Ȼͼȥ֤, ԽԽҡ
ͶǿЦ, , еһƱ硣
说, ʲôʱִˣΪҲ֪ͨǡ˺ܶòҪ˵汾
˶һۡ
ȻǼͬʱЦ

Ц̾Ϣʵ˵Ǻ̸ܣҾҲȷʵˡ
课ӦȻԭ
Ҳνˡ
Ҫʲô𣿡
ЦʣɱħҪڣ
˼ؿ
롣
Ĵš
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ƶ˵ĺȻƢô˻Ǻܿ׵ġ
诣ҾƢðٱҼЩƢõ˵
Ͷһͬ񣬡ˡ
读ԡ
е㲻ˡ
ﱾҵ֣ľǸָ߿ƼƷ
תһװ꾫¡ƹƷ꣬ƺڸĳֳ齱ۼϰٺˣһʱС
ſڵȫϢͶӰдŻ򣬴žָڵǧԪϵκѣԲ齱
ȽصȽӱ޷еXIIIǼֵλĹԣ൱ȫ˹ܸ
ɣǰ충һ䴢ܵԪ
·ĹԱĵǵͻ˻ײ̨ϵĻ衣
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ѡԣȻȺ
ˡ
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ʹˣҲԽԽ࣬Ĺˡ
ڰǣʱϵĿڴѾٴΡ
˿̣Ʒԣûʲôżײ˵ǸҲЩʲô
ſƷչ̨ϣһֳ°ͣһִŹͶӰĴڣȻǰһ
еȫϢͶӰת˳齱Ϣ
ȽһȽˣǰȺ𼸵
ܿصȽıҲˡ
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ԼĺҲִӴռһ·˵ռ˵ҲڱĿ
һ

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΢ЦҡͷǲʶûأҲҲϲ͡
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诣
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诣˵ǻĳһ𣿡
Ҳ
룬㲻Ҫʲô׼Ϊ㡪̰֮ỽȻǻѰԼϲͣȥת
ѾǵԷΧȻ׵塣
ȻֹѰǵǿҲȥΪ˽Ļᡣ
诣Ϊ̰֮ϲͣΪߣܰ߸Ʊˣ
ǡ
ͷҲĶ
ţ
ͼ²һ£Ԫ𣿲
ȻҲ׵ܣϾʱޣҺܿȥоħλøԪˡ
Խ׵һڼ棬϶Ҳʤ
Ȼⲿδضаǵʵ϶Ҳٻһ൱Ҫ
˭涨ֻ׵أϵԪߣ˹ּͨģƩ¶ȶԻǸԼ׵ƿء
ĸԪߣԼջӦ޵ġ

ʵ
΢΢ס
Ȼ͡
Ҿ͵𣿡
ţܵٻʱ֪ġ
һ̰֮򣬶Ϊ壬Ȼ˵ûʱҲĳĿ귢ٻ
ǸҲоѭԪܵϢҵڡ
ȻҲֻڿʼ
ǰᷢ¡
ʯ֮ǰǳ״̬ʹ˴壬Ҳ򣬱λøǺѱѰ
˵ȥˡ
͵ЩֻսѶӣսЩʵҲҵַͨ
ͣһ£ЩˣЩ˾еıڵľǡ
诵˵ͷ
ȻҲӲֽ֡
诺Ȼһ£жʮλʹߣֻʣ²һ룬ǲΪ
ǵġ
˵ͷڽǵĹУ߱ħˡ
ħ֮Ȼͱ̳Աˡ
Ƕħڽɱй٣Ǿˡ
ԥĻȫܹ⡣
Ĭؿ
ǶȥԣЩλȨصˣƸȨλУһʧȥһС
ǱҲǼ֮֮ϵĴˡ
ÿ˵һǰ
˵Ȼʺϲʺϵ⣬׼Ϊ־ᶨ񼫶˵òҪȥԣʹںԪܣҲʻʧȥңħˡ
诳Ĭ˼ӣ֪ˡ
һ˲䣬뵽ܶ¡
뵽Լǰѣɱ̰֮ǲ
֪Ƕɱ
ǰδӴħȴоǵʵԼħ˵ԭйء
ΣһʼĽŶԷ
룬ȻħˣеһʼǺԪصġ
˵ҲħһԪģµܣǧ򻯶ֶԼԶ޷
ٵŵʹͽѾʶĻȻ
Ȼ֮ǰҲȫΪ־ʧܶԥ
ͬʱ뵽ԼΪһȺӰͱħȻ󼸺ʧȥʶͺûbossڿŹؾꪳɳ˾ɥҲ˸оɱһԽսЩ޴ְˡ
ҲҪսͻɡ
ȥÿһΡ
ôԼǸı󶯡侲ǵˡ
Ҳƾһ͸ҳˡ
ʱôģ
˾
ظоӶƺˣԭϵЩ΢ãƽɢȥ
ܶѡ񡣡
Ӷ̧ͷ˵ĹʣڶĲ˾ѾϰˣһҲûϵ
ʵǿҪƷʵǶĿ֡
ʱΪԼȲѣҲϲսðգԼвһٲĴ̼


153 
ʥڲ
ħ㳲ͬʱ, ƿԪǽڣҲвĽӷӵ롣
ѿԽԽ󣬺ܿ˹ʯȦ, Ѿ쵽ϵİ˹ŹΧڡ
ڽڣԪǽ᲻ɢֱ
ӰȻ˫ģ, Ǹħ˻ֱӳʵ, ֱȫʹɱͨħ˺;, ǻи˻ᱻתħˡ
¶ȽԪػ״̬ʥǿＲ, θӦԪ, ҹȥȴֶǾ
׼, ҲԼҵ
Ͷս֮С
֮󣬵뿪ʧ֮ʱ¶ȸеԪϢ
ȷ˵, ǲǵԪܣһֳջĸоͺһ˲, һС
ĳִٻ
õ, ôп, , ˶㡣
¶վƬռıԵ, ȾѪҺ췢ɢ࣬űħ˵ĲйƬ
ļʸ, Ȼˮϯ֫ٺ
оڲһǿҵĿն, , һΪ޷ķŭ
ðɡ
¶ȵͷԼ֣ԡ
Լܵٻһսֻֽ֡
̤ʧ֮ʱеǿվ˲ת
¶վһ޾İɫԭҰϣͷǻҰ񷣬ǰڳɭͬһͷؽ˵Ұޡ
һ룬ٿȻռѷ졣
ⲻ
¶ҲֱԪػˡ
汻еķѣȻ¾ۺϵһ
˭
԰׵ĻԭϳһӰ
ĸݣΪɫɫǳڰ׵һģӰ
˹ͨ¡
ϵѪεϸֳһ˿û뵽㡣
û뵽𣿡
¶һǱŭ֮ϲԪߣΪռߣ²Ǳٻİɡ
ǵܸɼһ۵£ԴĽ֮˶һˡ
Ǻܿ춼˽̬
Ȼ
ǰһġ
һܾȵϳ˾鹫йһ֮Եıڡ
Ϊʲô
¶ЦҸóƺΪ˸£
ʿػεһǾ൱ص£Ҳʲôܡ
ңĺƴ»ǸˣȻʲôˣҲûʲô캦¼
Ͳͬˡ
ۺ֤ݣ˹ͨȷݣȻ˳µ飬һֱڹ൱ڵλҲǽŵĴʹ֮һ
Ǻĵģ˵ֻǵ˳õ֮һҲǾȥģ˹ͨҲ˺ܳʱ䣬ȷǰ
λ˸£ŷĸĸ߹٣Сʳֱĸ̰ﱻŵάŷ˹ų֮
ĸĸ;оͱ¶ִĿĵغûͲζʣ°Ľǵ
һǵķɴάŷ˹ɱӣǣ뿪ǡ
ΪΪǵҲΪͨʱʮ꣬Ѿ弶ߣѪ
¶ȿЩ鱨ʱЩȡ
˶˵ԼİǣֻΪû֪˭ˣǰЩ鱨ϵϢС꣡
ҲͶʮͷˡ
ȵȡ
ϸ˵İʵ诣ֻǼһﻹ
ȵȥ͸Ӷǰɡ
¶š
¶ȣ̫֣֮˵߸£Ŷ˵ˣ󹫾£𣿡
ǡ
˫ǳɫӶЦЦ˵Ϊʸֹ𡣡
ôóǸ˺ģ
¶ǣ˵Ҳߣһ죬һǿŲڽ£
ϵǣ˲ûзŭشЦ˹ͨ£Ȼ鴫
Ȼ󣬽һת¶˱Űɱ⣬ϧԺÿĽ죬ֽĹǰʹˡ
û¶˵̾һŶҲˣĸӦҲʱˡǵֵܽðɡ
¶ȻΪŭ
Ͼڿǰϰֵ˿̫ˣÿζҪںˣҲ졣
עű˴ˣ·ʳڹ֣ǷʸԼĿ꣬ǷֵԼȫԸ
ʵϣȻˮݣκһʱһҲȥ׷ɱԷ
ΪǵĿʵɱǸħǱںɭıŭ֮
ȻΪ˵⣬ǲܺƽЭ̽ҲܴκʽĺΪԱ˴˽
ңɱԪܵģҲֻһˣ޷˹ͬɡͬһƾԼܱԪܵ״̬ſԼһ
һ֣ǻᵼ˭޷ա
ֻЩԪܣϷû浵ûһжǰ׷ѹ
ûеڶֽ
Ҳ˹ͨ˸ԸǿӲⷽ¶ȴŻҪֽ㣬Բá
ңȻЩ궼ŹԷ¼˴δ֡
Ϊͬһĸ֡
ûôǣ¶ȾԲսֻʵѵá
ضš
һ룬ǵӰ˺ѿ
ʧ͵ļͳſĹУͷĿȫǵĹ޳ڲ԰׵Ļԭϡ
Ӷħħӽ̬ȫ̬Ҳȫʧ
¶ſ˫Уɻ״ֻǱ鲼ųɫƬظСһİǣէһֻֻպϵ
ȵĤĻӶϯ
Ƿڵϡ
̬ѽĿޣȻûƤëֻпնĹǼܣһѪܵĽĤʡ
ͷʮĴ룬ϸϸľ״̣ԶԶȥͬʨӷëһƬȵӰ

ʥһߡ
̰֮ȫɳЩ䣬ϢȻ»صʵ硣
ѾӦԪǽ𣬱ϾϢϢأ֮ķԴ
һͻһԷȻչ
Ҳ̸Ϻ»£ϾԪǽѷ죬ħǿȥħҲͨʧ֮
ֻǳֵĵص
¾ҪԹΪλ㣬ȻӦʥΧܱߵսǸֵǰǵĸǡ
ͬʱҲע⵽Щֵǿӵ൱ȫĸʩƩ˵ͨѶмվ

һ룬ͳǧ֮ʥΧ
ڹʯĳ̼վƷԱæµȥǵĹά⸽ļš
ǰսԶȻżӿбĳħˣռվļļæýͷö
ɳֵʱκ˶ûע⵽
ûж֣ӦΧڵħ˾Ϥҷ
ɲں˹ͨ˻ô룬ֻǵͳԼĹԣ
ȷ诲ʥڲҲܱһȦսϡ
ôͿܻκεط򣬻򡪡Ŀǰ˵ıٴҲֱһˡ
ܸʵ磬ĳƬռ䣬ħ
ˡ
˵򡪡
ǰǸ̰֮ѾԼɱ诶ҵһ
Ǹ˲Ŀǰ˰ǵʵ϶ҲŹһĻᡣ
ѰһǱٻҲ
ʮű
תվѾ޸
վĿռվ
ΧԱͻ˴æȥĴصŽŲ̸˴߹ûʲôԾ
Ƕֵȴһû˭ע⵽վһİˡ
ڷ۵ͷŹʾźš
˸ȥȴֶѵն˺Ѿڡ
⵹Ҳ⡣
ֻһԷϵ˶ѡ
Ȼ½ǳõļѺڵͷԼĵǳơ
ƶ˹ġ
ɣ


154 
ŭ֮ڡ
ȫħһһµضƬ̡
¶ٴ񶯳, 㿪˴¶ϳĶ֣ظ£ÿһŶڿб, Ԫų档

ƺ֪ⶫһֱڿҡһεضܣûǿƲһĹͷ塣
ܵڼ䣬гɫĹХһ, ͵ظ, ޴צۼžҪ˺޵ͷ­
ڿ, ȴ漣ԱһµĴʱǰ, ֵצ, ͬ㽫֮ס
¶ջſ, Ĥű۹ǣĩ˾ָצ֣Ȼ׾ٵ߬סЩ, ݺݽ֮ѡ
Ǵӿ׹䵽ϣȻ󻥲ݵؾһ
ǿ˺ɨԭϵĲҶıߵȥ, Ȼܿڹǳصļ̤ѡ
ųһһѺ, Ȼһһ, ռ䶼ʼһζ
¶ǰٴž˦˳
ЩٶȺܿ, ǰոն, ֳһ
ʮѵ״̬, Ȼħʱһ, ־ʼ
ȫԼ, Ҫ˺лζӰ
͵֮ܲǰһһھ󣬱ѵԪ˲ٵ˰ԴԼһѴ롣
еľ񼲳£һȱԴϡ
˰죬Ƭռͳѿڣһ£ֱӱ˳ȥ

ȥ֮ͲԭȽĵطˡ
վһûдĻϣϵħ״̬Ѹȥ
ոյĴ򶷻ܶݣȻĺܶ࣬Ҳûеƣĳ̶ȣʱٽȫ̬
׼ѰڣȻӦһԪϢ溬еǿҵѹȸжջ
Ҳһ˲ħȻȫԪܷ·𶼱ڣ޷ر
ǴԭԾ״̬һӱˮȻ໥޷ģһҲʹˡ

⣬෴ζʲô
һǼǿ
ɱ˻˷ܻ־壬ȷһоǶȲԼϼ˷Ӧ൱䵭ֻʶʼĦԷͼ
ţоԼļ俪ʼ˷

ʱ䵹˻ذСʱǰ
ڹʯŵĿռվɸѷһϢÿ罻˺Ŷ©Ȼûеõظ
说ʱصģ͹״̬
ʲôء
һ˲䣬ֱ˲ȥ233ǡ
γǵĽֵĽЩЩİҲؽεġ
ͷһƬǦɫգżǹ죬һжϤա
Űǵ߲٣ҲǼħ˴ڣȻľҲûԼҵˡ
Ҳԡ
Ƶط˭Ҫȥء
һ˼򣬶ȥĵط˲Ƶ̿ò˼顣
ȻûС
Ȼ뵽ĳ򡢻ĳʧ֮ԼΪͺܴˡ
ֵʥҪȷһʣµλá
ǻĳЩ߷٣ΪǽתЩֻҪѭԪܵϢҵ
ȻֻԼȥѰλá
˵ҲǺѣҲҪʱ䡣
⣬ӦûиȥսЩĻǱġ
ЩҪǵ˲Źᡣ
һԪܣԾǲٶ֣ʣµİǾԻһԾԾԡ
˵ȥɱѾȱԪˡ
ЩԪܣԱ˵ǽɻȱĴڣ˵һԪܣ׾֮Լ᲻ϲԪܡ־ӰԪˣԪֶ˵Ѿˡ
ЩҪɱûʲô뷨øҲνϾȥɱĻҲҪһһҹȥ
ɱˣȥ˽Щ
Ͼг
ֻҪǶսҲͽˡ
ȻѰǣҪ뿴ʲôط
սȻԼĵ뷨
ɻһЩʱҵ˱ŭ֮
ǸںɭƫԪߵȻԵǣֻջǣȻתǡ
ľǼΪʣҼʹɥʧԣȻŷŭ
ʧܣˣ޷ĿĵȵȣЩǷŭ
ԪӰˣûбħˣҲһ̶ʧȥǣñŭ
Ҳ˶
ûзŭ˵һûκĸ顣
һ·׷ٹŰձŭ֮ı׼ȷʵҲܵٵĶ
׵Ȼܻû϶ĵزϾҲżʱ䣬׵߶Ŀ㡣
ǿûаǵʵ
ҲҪħȼġ
ۺϿǣǿΧġ
ûɾͿи˴ˣһǱġ
˴״̬ȻڵԪܺ١ԶԣҲǸǼĸ֡
ȻǸһѣЩǱİǣһð˳ǰͺ̵ʥꡣ
һ㶼⡣
ȻڶԷҵ˸ոյս
ŭ֮¶ȡ˹ͨˣýȥˡ
ȥҲɱԪҲҪʱ䣬ҸҪǣǰǵݡ
ʱ˼ƻֱӽץ˴˳ǽ

ѽڲҵĵذϣջһھãȻߣԼԥֵ
ˣ
ԥ𾪵˵£֪ǡ
ŵˣ
ɵؽ仰
ſڵϣ¶ұϸֳɫĴͼһ֦İҶƬϸϵһ˩סԴµˡ
ͷɢңȫԪܵסȥʮǱȻȴûһ˿ŭ߲ʡ
ԥܶǰͼȻֱȫȫѹϵŭĿ
ȻƺûָоΪһǿߣԪѹֻſڵϣʲô˵¡
ԥ
ʵ˵״̬׻ٵҴɲڲ֪ôΪ㹻š
ɲںҴ
ԥĬĬˡ
ԣ㰡
ôſڵϣ΢΢ͷҲɣֻǿΧļˡ
ʦ֧֮߸㣬ɱй֮ػ߸Ҳ㷢룬ȫܾˡ
ԥȴ亹乡
ʹͽнҿȥξܾ˽ŵ֦
ȻʵȷʵҲµľǡ

ҵ˿ɲô˵
ϳһĨ΢Цɱң߼סңʱʥ򶼻ҷ𡣡
вҲʵ
ԥ
֪߼ֵ̫֮Ը񣬽Ǵӹ欺˿ֻƬҲ֪ǸԸǵĶûк³
ɻܺƽ֣ܴӮǺأ
ּĸֹУùԶˡ

ٴЩ߰뷨
ںԥô룬Ϊǵһ¡
Ҫ鷳ʱӺ
ܶԽģҲܵԷ﷭Ķ⣬ȻĳЩ뷨мƺЩȱǿſŵӰȻ˻档
ŵԼ
ԼܣЩʹħһ¾ܽ⿪ˡ
ɸԼĴڣʶĳԪܵӦã˵ԪܼӹĳԼܡ
оŵϵԼЩԪԼܰ뿪˺ӹ̵Ľһ
ں
ŵ޹ؽҪں˺º٣Ҳ۾ļһбвǡ
Ȼ󣬹·ˡ
ļ䱻ʱϢǿӹģΨЩʦصĻû
ħˡ
ЩĻ̸
Ҳ֪ô£֧ԽԽţϵ¾Ȼħ˹ᡪ
ħˡ
ʦһӶɱΪҪȥģȵȣӶǸߵļһôһģ
ʲôȻϲǸ𣬺ðɣǲҳϣʵǸ񲡰ɡ
һ˲䣬е˿񱩵ŭ⣬ԪܵѹٴͬӿǽϢĸоС
Χ˷׷ױȵء

һֱſţûôӰ죬ֻǾʮĪ
ţǸְѽ⿪Լ޸ˣֽ˻ȥһ㣬·ĽźȤ
ôãΪʦ
²д󲡡
ԥĬĬͷ˼ûκ
ڵ˵ļ￴ʲô
ѾˣΪĿ²ʦĳһֱʦкøеˡ
ۺڰǻɱ䣬ɱ뿪ȥ诣Լ诶ԻʱĻﻰƺ͸¶
ԥ͵ش˸
ΡΡ̧ͷ
ޱض˫۾ɭᣬ̲ĳֱŰŭ⣬·һҪǧС
ԥ
ǸոջڶԵ˶𣿣

ԥҡͷҲǸ˼£ʱ˵ЩֻΪң˵Щȥʦʲôоһʵǲġ
ɣ
ɵȥΣˡ
ԥë˵ģʵңҲƲᣬΪҶ˵κλ
תͷȥ
ԥ˿ȻΧǸͬĸߡ
ԥ


155 
诱ʾԼ׼, Ȼ
ǸҪѰ˫ʲôʽ棬ڰ˿ܼĵط
Ͼ˭Ҳܱ֤, ⳡսһٷְٷڲ
ֻҪ㹻࣬ʧصԪܿԴݻ
нŵڣǿԱ֤еãʹһ¥, Ҳܵºܶ˵
еĿոۼ, ҵϵ¶ͣ, ʹ׸ŵɫ൱ҫҲƾ۾ҵλá
ȥ˺վ¥ķ, ո˴ͺ, Ա̸չʾ˰׸ŵȫϢӰ
诣ǵ, 
̱ϹϾؽλøҸһССĵ˷ڿո۵ͣ
иǷҪʲôķ
ע⵽Էؿϵ, Ҳע⵽˸ղżҴҵ߹ԻµԼһ
ĹԱѾɢˡ
诲ЩЦĺô𣿡
¶һò΢Ц, ȴе, ʿ˵λĿˡ
诶ˡ
ǰȻǽŵĳԱˡ
ֻǲ֪Էǲ׼εֻߴ, Ǹ֪γƺϼϼ
ûΪ, ܿҵ˰׸, ˸飬ָȼȫ״̬, Ҳˡ
诿Ŵ뿪˰ǹ, ųѲ״̬, Զۡ
;յһ
ţôˣ
诱ڼʻϳ񣬽ͨ󲻳Ϥ
ĺ˵ոջڰǣ
ԷɤȻͳһ˿ûεƣովĺܴսһ
诣˵ǶԵġ
Цһȥˣ
ţ
ͷ˿ͼôѵ밢Ǻܽ˵طܸϹ
Ǽһûпռɣ
ȵȡ
ʵҲ̵֪ʲô
ֱӱ˸꣬ҵķɴˣҪһλĵĴԮһ±ڷĿˡ
诣ŶףˣǺããܻԵˡ
̣
鱨ӵ͵͵һڼװһ㣬úݵġ
Ҳôһ˵
鿴˶Է꣬ǸϵһռվߺȷʵԶԼҲҪǸϵ
ֻ·һǸռվˡ
诸ɴ͹չȥˡ
ǧԶͿ˹ϵһռվĲк
ɴԽԽʱֿǵƮɢĳͱмŸֽĽƬ
ȻܵԪܡ
Χƺʧ֮Ϣռ޻̫ȶȻһսոս
ռվ彨һǽȫ˹ʩǿ
컨͵ϣִִϸϸĶѵðŻ𻨣̵ۻᣬذҲըÿӿݡ
Եͨƽ̨ϳ˼ڣһز·ĺϽּϣ߲ܿƵʬ壬Լ˻ȱź
诽ͣڷ渽ܿҵˡ
׷ڴĶǽﱧһͲƬ֨֨Ե㡣
ϻſռվԱƷף°ϻдȾѪİװϻŵȺ졣
ǿ϶Ǵʬϰס
Ͼ˵ħħһϵ·Ҳʲôβͳ֮˺ɾˡ
诱ֱվԱߣû˵
˼ӣҲһƬͲӣһ֧󣬡ðĵĴ¡
İɫ˿ȾżǹǶһ
žiӣһƬǽĻ谵·ҲŹʣЩŲۡ
ЦðĿˡ
һ˵һ˹ȥһΪﰵԴأû뵽ͦԵֵġ
Ϊ֪ܵȵԵˡ
׷Цеػش
诵һۣôˣմʧ֮ӳ
ҲӰɡ
鱨˵ϾһǰǼħ˶˵ģҳˡ
读ܣڷк￴һЩʬ壬ҿеѪζܵȻЩ˲Ǹոġ
诶׵Աߣտζģ㡣
԰
һƬӶ
ϻһմѪĹԣͺſǴڻҲǴʬﳶġ
ոĺܲңֱ˵ϵ㡣
诣
ãһʱԼǰĺƣʿڽ̵¡
ĬĬ꣬Ȼקס˰׷죬֪ĺʿ𣿡
һ޹֪
ޱؿ㲢ûңȻ֪û񣬵Ȼء
̣
̺ȻЦðڸ㣬ʿػε֮һǲٿӰӣȻһЩӰ˵ܣƩ˵ռƩ˵ܵȵȡ
ü
⵹ǲ⡣
ǺǶˡ
ֻǶпģֱӸƱ˵ģʡ˲¡
ţ뻹ʲô
̼˵Ŷˣڿŵ˹ϣҳǽϳ󡣡
۾
һֱ֪ǽֶΪ档
ΪǶ̫൱ڸħӣսֹ֮ͣеĳǽƻ
ԭסڳǽ׷ױٵϣӴ֮ǽͱ˴˵ĴڣҲ˽˶Ƶġ
ĳߴ磬ո۶ͣ£ҲٻڹͣӰǵתԼʹȻڣҲǼ
诣ĺƳڳǽϣŶǿŵ˹ǲġ̫ճмƻĳǽ֮һ𡣡
ȻҲǳǽ𡣡
Щ˵ûǣŵ˹Ҳħ˵ĳ
ҳǽϾסߣħڷɴϴɱ¾˱꼰㣬ɴάװٵڲѭϵͳϤƻ
ȵħҪôɱҪô뿪ϵҴѾˡ
̣ŵ˹ǿƯ˼£ȵԮȥʱֻʣһˡ
ĺƵ껹ǸӣȻΪƾġ
诲²пʲôĹ
ĺ㲻ˣҲ㲻ϳˣ˼һҲûر侭ٸʵס
ǲõĻ䣬ĺƱ˾Ͳϣ֪
ҲͲȥ׷ʸˣվ׼ˣ鱨ӵĿұ𣿡
Ҳվ
ŴʬԱƷ¿㣬ϰȴδŴơ
ңû½غһ𣬸һվ̻¶һƬ𪾫ݡš
£Ǿ֫ĸû
һкܶĿұ¡
鱨ͷ
̧һָֻ֣䵽˹ӶĲ𼸸Ʈķ˿֮ڶ
诸оԷָ¶ȣĳ΢⣬ָǽڲʱִһ΢С
̧ͷ
׷괹ȻסŵԱ߷ķۻϡ
Ǳһͷƽˣ΢һ㡣
΢΢鷢ƮڶǰɨЩϸ̵ܾĽЩİɫɽ۸ѩ
ĽǶȸԷ½ëþˣĵ˫ɫԽרע
һ𡣡
ЦЦ˵


156 
ָŰ׷, ܵϸķ˿ֱëƤ
ָŶԷȧǵߵƤ⻬, ëףͬϸʡ
̱Ħ࣬΢΢ͷزŹӶ, ĳ˳ɵС
Ȼ, ˫͸Ľɫ, ȴȼյİ
βһĨϸϸѪЩƮɢİɫܷڵ, ޵ĺӿ
գգ, һӡ̡
˵ʵⲻʲôõʱ, ʱػٻء
ϧÿ˶ôǿԿڶԵʱԵ顣
̫ⷽó
诣·ˡ
̴Ǽס
ϵǸɸɾûʲôѪ, صͷӿڴͳһ֧ԣ뿴Ϳɫ
鱨Цһ, ׼һΪ׼һֱ𾴵Ĵء
诲ÿɷ
ȷʵб
̵ذγͿĨˢ
װȻܷԼǿ, һ´, ˵Ϣʱ
۵õһ, ͬڿε, ˿˿Ƶزһȵˡ
ˢͷԼĴϣȻĨ, 𣿡
鱨ûлش, ֻǴս, һְȱߣһ§סĺ󱳡
ͷẬס˹ӶĴ꣬һ֮С
һ˲䣬课Լ׹䡣
ԡչ⡢ɹůȪ
ˮ˷ӿ˳׵׵طɳǣƯ
΢΢ͷɫķ˿ζţѩĽë
ĴȾŨĽ죬ǽѪǹʵ͸֭Һ
ǴĿĵ޵ĺɫһһ̫ȵͿĨţĵƤɫԽס
ķɫͷɫǳĤɫҲŨޣοĺ·˵ȣƯЩõȾ˸ʵġʻɫʡ
ס°ͣʳָᴥ绨Ƶĺ촽ͼЩɫͿøһЩ
ȻѾɾӨġ͸ġˮĤ
һֳһë޵İɫܷЩ鷢䵽ϣɨëǼ
Ȼ޼䡣
׷һֻ޳ȵָ󾱣ָⰴѹ֮·𻨡
һ˲䣬说
ʮ˲չצڿлζٿ۾գϡ
һ˱Щ۾ſܶٻʧȥ£Ȼǰ鱨Ȼ͡
ƺˡ
ٴεͷϹӶ죬ǵ繣Ϊ̫ǿԶöԷеѹҲΪ̫ƶ롣
һǡôĳ̶ȣ˫ƿؽ࣬Ȼ󽥽Է໥ģᵽȤ
š
诺ظпһ䡣
߶ĻϢˣݵʱ·£ЩѪζƺҲ嵭
ȻϲķӦ׹ӶĴ꣬Ȼҧźߵ´ϲǣǿȥ
鱨̧ͷЩ飬ţо񡣡
̿
ͬʱǰ˵߼ҲһɫӰӡ
һЩָϸ֫壬˵Ҳ׳ÿһǰ͸״￴Ź⻬ıĤ
Щ֫ԵһϸܵëȥȻÿһǷ͵ġ
״μ̵ħ֫壬Щ졣
ЩϸϸĴ֫ͬʸɵܣѸſ˳ĴѶϣһһƽʽ
Բۣ
͵ץס˶ԷͷһֱΪұЩֻܸоۡ
ζЦЦܵøʵġ
صһڣȻסĲӡ
̵߽ļ򣬿һǱϵշѻնı¶ϸܵĵߺ͸Ԫ
ЩӲƵ·˸һſŻǡ
ǲţһ˲Ϳӯʪ谵Ŀռ䡣
ÿһڰ·𶼱ȼͬˮȻһһ˵طӿһֱͣЪ
诱۾ͷһڣҧڰ׷꼡ʵľݼϡ
۰
ɢеί˵ţַӶŨٲڳϲ𣿡
°ѹļغһԿҲˮ֣Ժǵðд·ϡ
鱨ЦȻάӵסƣҪǲ뿴·ҾͲˡ
΢΢һ㶡
ӵ˴˵ı顣
Ȼ̾ǿһ˲ľᣬžͷǰĻЦģǱҲֻڶమеһ֡
ҲعװģֻҪȻңҵϢʲôֵֹˣҾˣĸҹ㴩ʲô
ֱĻ㵱Ȼԡ
诲ÿɷ
ҲͲˣһҿԸܶµ·ѡ
诰һۣΪ·Ѿˣ
ţҲƫͷҧһڣҧڲϣȻЩί˵һĵġ
Ȼǻǻصɴˡ
ؼʻϣȥģ
ʥɡ
̺ԾԱߵĵλϣǰĲ̨Һܾûô߼ķɴˡ
ģҲֵ㿪
说趨һ·λ֤ҴǰأĿĵʥ
ڵλãԾǨ״̬Ҫղִܵ
ҲΪǨͽֻ̣ǶԷĵطǡҲȥġ
һ·ϲʲôϮȷʵ׼ֱӷɵʥѰҲνˡ
¶ûгΪǵջ
ڶѾ᲻ʥ򣬼ʹɱ̰֮˲课Ҳʻȥʥһˡ
ڼʻϣϴӹǿգԼԶƮƮƣȻӿһ˵ĺ׳־
ܳΪǣӴ˾ƬǺΣҪɵκκ
˵һȥ̽ȻħǽеĴŲ̽ӶᣬΪһ
ʧˣ
ʧܾʧܰɣպԶǲġ
ôԾǨ
Ź˰СʱЩʵ
诲ûҪ·ѣҲû׷ʱ˵ıҹȥʲôֻһֱڼʻϳ
׷ǰ˻ӣǵ𣿡
գգۣţΪʲôԾǨûע⵽ֻһʹ󽢣ܴ洢Դ൱ޡ
ԾǨ̫ˣֻǶ;ãҪȥʥһֱԾǨ״̬ȼ;ǲġ
̣мͣ²
诣
Ԫǽȫ֮ħκεطܳħˡ
ħ뿪ʧ֮󣬴ʳ̫ԽǴռվԽħˡ
ռվ⵽ƻվ㺦±ϮѾرգҪ;веѶȵġ
ȻЩʲôΪͨѶмվر࣬ԪܲӰźţڵͼµٶȺյʱ
ԼʹʲôطЪҵˣҲûһʱõϢ
̿ɫƣͻ˻Ĺԣ֪ȥжƣһԴվϰ塣
Ȼǵطûбɷ棬˵гĴԴ
诿ͼаɡ
״Ʋһ䣬㻹ʲô⣬ңұ֤Ҷشġ
诺һҲ֪͡Ҳ˵Ҳһֻش𡣡
Цˣұ֤һ˵ʵװġ
ƮƮһۣ֪ܲĴʹߴʲôط
ʵֻɣһĺƵĿǣǱͬҲͬ¡
Ұǽŵĵ̣ĺƾȻֱӾ͸ԼǸطҪûйˡ
ЦеػؿѾܶĵط
ü
׷ֵ˵Լգ
еվһΪʲô²ᱩ¶λá
߹ȥڷϣҿ
΢΢ͷɢİ׷໬䣬iüĿ両ֳһһϸߡ
ҶƵ򦣬һߴ年ճһ
ǶƯѩƵϣûбƻ


157 
诣ӦòʦƷɣҲ̫ˡ

, ʽԼЧ֮󣬾ͻԶӵƶȻѡλá
诶ǸȻ뵽ǰһĻ, ʱͽҹɢżĳë
һڰ׷Դϣ㣡ۺ磡ǰװʶ
ԩ
̾Ͷȷʵʶ, ֪ʦ, Ҳҵһμ, ܵʵҲ֪˭
ֻԼȻΪۺ, Ȼ诵֪, ۺĴʹҲ, ʱǸҲݡ
诣֪Ǵʹߣ
֪
̵̯֣֪ˣ֪鱨, ֪ҵĵȼҵġ
说ħĵɱ, һû𡣡
ٴҡͷ, ֵʱǡò, Ȼô
诹, ƭҵĴܶࡣ
ȷʵ
̵ͷҲ, ЩҲ˵, ԰, ұ֤ûʲô˺¡
诰һ, ֻɺϣֻΪûͨ㡪
ȫǡ
̴ҵһμʱɱ㣬Ҳֻһ˲¶Ȼͽʲô޿һ򲻻Ǯࡣ
֪˵ԼոյǼ±׷ɱʱ򣬡Ϊʲôû֣
֪
룬ǾСͦװɣ㵱ʱȥܲңȴ˾ÿ
û˵ȥ׷ɱҵĵ꣬ҵԺ˾Һ۸ҵ鷳ء
Ц̵ĴʹߣȻ°ǵ½ֵҡ
Ҳǣֻǲϣй¶ݡ
ͣһ£Ҳÿ춼һطϾ֪׼Ǹ˦ƹ񡪡
ۡ
ˣðɣæ
ûҪС˹ͨЩߣǿǺڳ̳Աݡ
Щ˵233ʵйٵĵ̣Ǽһ̫ûб߽ˣʲôɫգ³˶˷Ӹҡ
诶ʱ뵽Ǹǽ̸ǣߵģ㷢£û鷳
Ŷ֪Ҹɵģ˵ЩҲûʲôʵС
ν˵򲻹ҡ
ɴС
жλڰƥ˹Χ
ʥȻһβϵľ룬Ϊת㵹Ǹոպá
说¼һ£жܲԴָȼӻĴô㹻һֱԾǨʥ
ɱҡ
Ѿص˼ʻϣħҲ֪һʱңûǲҪڳﶺ̫á
ûϵ
׷꿿ϣؿڵ㽫ʲôǶǵս;ǲһġ
ĲɵӦһһʵƺҲˡ
˵̵Ԫܴǰ֮䡣
ԷӦаǵԪˣֻǲ֪ܲܽħ
ֱʳˡ
һַ·ûͷɢؿλϣܣʱ̡ܶ
Щ졣
⣬һħʱ䡣
ȫ̬ħ׵ķˣҲ˵ʶѸٱģܼʱȫħˡ
诣ұȽϺһӰ󡣡
ҡͷȻǵڶÿαǸӣҶر޲˯һ
诣
ʵҲࡣ
ܾԼʧȥһ֪Ȼ·˽޷˼
诣㲻ȥսΪԼ϶У

׷ףνɣ벻ɣ𶼲Ǻܴ˵Զÿαǿֻһ̨ףȻ󿴵໹ûʵǵ̨ס
ô˵
ҲλϣԵġ
΢΢ͷŶ
Ҳͷ̧֣ʶλ벻ֹۣɴһûħġ׻Ĵ롣
Ҳ˲˼ҲһϸϸĴ֫
͸ż׵ľ룬ڿл˸ơ
ǡơĻ

ȵǵִжʱڹϾܸоԪܵϢʮ΢ֹħˣֲǺǿ
̵ѾӪĿոһеıԵûʲôʱͣ˴
ͨԱ֪⸽ȷʵֹħˣֻս뿪ˡ
ֱȥˡ
뿪ո۵תһȦ
ǦɫСϸϲлϸĵ
㵹ʯѻɽ
æµŽΪ˷ֹţ˷ߡ
Щ¥⵽ƻڷ﷭ԼĲԶжԸĸ۴޵ĺӡ
ԱһЩҷɵʱõ㣬ȫ׵ķ豸ӦֵĻձꡣ
Զһʱ¶мƣţиոǵл
Щҵĵط龰ǻʲô
ֹס뵽ǵľ͵ĳУǰһǻڹ̵齱һ̾ҪԱ
Щʵĸо
ȻʶԼȥκһط
Ȼ˲ĳĳħ˳֣һоͻˡ
Ŀĵߣż߹ɫҴҵ·ˡ
ֿһڽнٺӵȻǣֻԳ˵ֱһ
说Ա߾ԴһЩ
ϸشשʯϣǵĴɽûҵ졣
ש϶ˮѪһ𣬱İ졣

ʥ
ǽͣڹϡ
ɿϴɫͼЩʲôƽеŭ⡣
ڶѺʦڶΪʦ£ƩɱĳˣƩõϢѶȵȡ
뵽˵ģʦֻǸά޹ˣԸԼеζȻˡ
ȻǺȻףʦʲôΪĺøУЩ¡
һɱ˶ħ
ڳ֮⣬ǻʲôǷɹĳԼĳֹϵǵҲ֪ģϾǾ˽ˡ
ҽЩҲ̫Ȥ
С
Ϊʦĵǳ
ɲԸȥˡ
⣬ոȻ뵽˼ֺ̫֮죬һβ鿴ļ䣬淢صĻ档
ǣ诶ݵؼһΣȻǰ󲻹ӡ
ĹӶûʲô仯
Ȼħʱ䳹׵Զʮ꣬Ϊ֮ȷʵҲٱˡ
ûʲôɱģѾ޿ˡ
Ӻλദʱ⣬ڷμʱܵ˾޴ӡ
˲֪ʵݣֻǲЩйĻˡ
ֵ֪̫֮ݣҲ⡣
̫֮һֱͬصĴ˵ȻڻݣǹǹʲôǶûʲôֵþȵġ
Ҳᵹ˺ּ̫֮ӹϵ˵ʵһ㶼ŵشԪħйأѾȤĶ֮һˡ
ϾںԪܡԪ˵ļ֮Ѿûˡ
ڣڽŵ£ֻںЩصġ
ںΣȻ鹫˵κλμ
ƩĳλӶСˣȥĳ˹ͨԼˡ
һҹǧ˹ͨѪźȼյĺ챦ʯţĵ̽䡣
ˡ
ء˹ͨ
֪һͼı죡
ԴѺ˹ͨҵ϶״μ棬ΪǸйٶʱĺϵ
ʱ;¶֣ڿȻԼӦȣǸ˹ͨĻ̥
Ȼһҹ巢ʲôþɨ˹ͨĵ̡
̫֮ȻҲôԾϸҲȤ
Գ诺ĳ˹ͨһҹ֮⣬Ҳ֪ˡ
ȻԲһ߰ĶֻһȾ̸ٵÁS֮˲۶޿ڵ
ЩֻԼԶˡ
ֹס뷨
ʵ͸Щܣ
Ҳǵһʶһ˵ӶǹѰҲǳ¡
ȻÿӶͬĹӶӵķʽҲͬ
ԼȥӣϾѾԼˣҳɳҲ಻һ
ðɡ
ҵܶɣȻڸǲĻ⡣
ļû˵ЩװĻ˵䳰˵Ļ
ϧûˡ
һְϴϣֻú޲ýǰһжը÷顣
ˡ
ģҵʣµǡ
ǵϢɱ̰֮Ҳ֪˴ţʣ鱨Ҳڵ˵ļﲹȫˡ
Ŀǰп请ٻģ
֮˵һ壬ܹɾֱӵõ
֮˵ÿˣгֵǲͬġ
ǰϲЩƻǿܣ
¡
ԥ־˼
ûл
ʧˡ
ɵȻ֪£Ҳû˵ʲô
һЩֶΣ׷ٽλãҪؽŵϳôһ֪ʲôط
ڵ˵ӡ诵ĴڶԽƺЩ壬Ȼ֪ϸڡ
ԣ˵ڣڽŵĵء

жƵĳȻԡУֵʻҰһз·ģĻ
ǽĻˮˢµβˮӳľɫҲ֧顣
Щ㱵̧ͷȥ
ǰһĳǰһ˳ıӰٲĺɫܷ
ΧɫҴҵţƺֻʣˮͽŲ

ݵ֮诿ӰƺЩ仯
ǸƺЩӿԭݵֱϳļȴȻһȳƽýĻƽ̬

ȻǸ˻عͷ
ŷԼѾߵǰ˼ߡ
ڷһ覵ݣüӢͦ˫䣬Ө䣬Ǵյɭ֡
ƺЩİЩΥ͵Ϥ
Ϊ·Ǳôģ
һȫϢ˽棬ôǰˣü۵ĸ߶ȣٵ°͵ǡ
˵Ҫһ˿һ
á
֮һԼʶ𣿡
ҡǡ˹ء
ڷ۵˵
ؿ
˵ƺ˼


158 
, ˵ǳҲᣬƮ, ǷƤë
˵ǻҲЩ֣ͺⲻȻȻΪһģ°ľٶȻҲΪϰʹİԡ

һȥļһ, ϰʹͨ, ȥͷǳȤء
ʶҲ, ʲô
˹صͷ
˫ǳ̻ȥִ, 뵽ɭֺ޾, ȡȻɫ
浹ӳŹӶӰ, һ˲䣬һξ
Ҳ֪
˹ش
һ仰ԭЩԵ, Ҳõͳأβﶯҡ
Ҳɬ˵, κһ洦ɼһ
ȻҿЩˡ
ڷ۵ˡ
Ǻƺǲһġ
Щ˴඼ڴæظ·, ˵˱, 鿴ȥЩʹࡣ
Χʻ½ٶҲܿ, żͣȵ, Ҳܿλϵɫʱʱ̧ͷֱߵĽ, ·Щ¥ʱߡ
֮˿ȥصġ
˺طꡢֶԷŵ, ˶ݵϲ֮, Ȼϲֿ֮ʼǻ
̸ֶǿǷ޻£һ˵ǼҵĻˣһ˵֪չ˾⳥
诣ǵȻҲһϾֲǱ˴˵Ŀ¡ˡ
Ȼ֪˹˵Ĳ
š
˹룬Ȼ΢Цҵıﲻȷе඼ǲͬģи䶼ڲ죬ЩչֳⲿҲڲ
Ȥؿⲿ˵òЩ
˹ص˵ͷǵġǵܣ߸ͳ˵
诣ڲǣ
˹أϲãԸУѡ񡪡ҸЩÿ˱öأǳǿ
ϲ仰˽ҵ𣿡

˹˵Ҫ֪Ҷи֪Ϊ˵ġ
̷ʵΪʲôΪкøУ
ǵġԴҿһ̡
ڷ۵˸ɴػش˽㡣
鸴ӵؿӣ֪ʲô
˹أΪʲôأ
̾˿ҵļʼڰߣһǣϢָܱɡ鲼ɳĮ뿪ȥһֻбŵİǣȻһЩѣҲҵĴ˴˴ԱȺʹֺʹԱǸħսշתΣȻǸɺϡ
˹أȥӣҲ赭д࣬ţֵĹȥ
诲ÿɷ񣬡аɣҾûҪ˵ǲ˽ҡ
˹زûͬ߷񶨣
죬ⳡԻ뻹̲סһ䣬ΪʲôΪʲôҵһ̾ͻøУ
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˹˵ֻ֪İǡܹ¶ȡ˹ͨعӵߡЩҫ۹⻷ڸ£ӵꣿ
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Щϧ˵֪˵ʲôûãħˣ⣬ҲţȻҲ֪ĺѡˡ
֪ͣͣҸҵǲȣϾǶҲУҲʲôһۼԷбɡ
һ˵һ߸оΧ̮飬ռٴαҲʧ֮ѿʱʱ֡
ȻЩ˸ռ䱻ǿƹرԶȥԼ
ʮֵ
ϷǰĵͰգҰ׵ͬ˰ԶȥǱˮޱ޼ʵԶ졣
۳ĸ򿴣ķ羰޶¡
ڷ۵վʮ׿⡣
еɽ𣬱һ߿տǰľżΪʧȥǣ߿ƣͽӲԭء
诣ȷʵϲģֻһƤңҿԻǮһģһģڡ
ε̾˿ֻ˵ĳضﾳĻҸеģܴҡ
诳Ĭ˼ӡ
诣ǻսɣ̸ʺҡ
ڷ˵Ӱܽˮ
һƬã
Ȼϴ̰֮ȻֻͬпտյˮҲûЩӰɵĹ﷢һһĹ
ȻÿħԼġԸ񡱡
ǵĹͬǻὫдԪܵĳĿȻΪ˽Էתɾ
ĽǶ¡ȻѾ֪ΪǱҪɱһɱķʽҪôҪôűȥôĳ̶ֳϾͺһɱΪ
ôΪжϣΪĿ겢߱ɱԼĽת
ǲû߼˼άǵΪҲȫ˼֧ģǳҲܵⲿ̼
˵Լʱ᱾ܽ
λòʣôǻ﷢ٻǽջ
ô֮ľﻹˣǾͲĿǷΧˡ
ЩʳֲŵѪζͻǰ˷𹥻
Ǹ޸֮ͨˣǸӻܽ¥ըɵ弶ߡ
ȻǱֲ϶ǶһЩʲô
֮صĻ˵ģˡΪٶе״̬
Ϊ˽Ϊƶּƻ

Ϊ޲Ӧõÿϡ
ĳЩųԪܵϢĿһġ
һ澵ӣ˭վǰͶӰǸ˵ⲻ˼
˵Ļ֮ӵеĽʯõġ
͹ջ˵ħͬɹ˲ϲãʧ˲ŭ
ʣµľǾսˡ
ˮӵԶ壬ͼһͬͣų˾޵
ҰѸøֱܷܹ˿ȻԼǵһˡ
ǰ˵³޷Ǳħˡ֡
Щûйϵˡ
ǰ壬ƽˮ汻˲̤飬ԪܾĲ·εɽеˮֱɢ
ֱ۵˫ȣ̷߻͵ĺУͳǼ˻ͬˮ
յĺڿ񶯣Ԫܲķƽӿ֡
ռʱûʧ⡣
ƽˮǵĵڱ˺ѣ˻ӿžۺһˮϷ·ǧߣڿоۺϳ˾޴İ͹ƽˮ
ǰ͸״ˮͬһСǰڿС
ıˮһȥ·ŵȺЩˮ֮УɼһЩŤӰǷ·ˮ֮Уʹ䶯ţȴֻͽ͡
֮ǰֲͬ
ЩӰôûаϵ
ǵ״֫ṹȫ죬κ
һ룬ʶǴ֮ɹġ
Ȼûиྫȥ˼Щˡ
ħ˵ʶħŲ˼ӾҪʧңԶħ˵ķա
Դħ֮жʹδͣ¡
ոǶݵ˼ʱ䣬ȻϮˮǰȻþȫײ˽ȥ
벻ЧĹˡ
ǵħ̬ƺƫս࣬ƻԪⷽ棬ЩЧǵ˵ͺСǿô뽫ץסŲǴ϶ӣһҪ㹻
λ⣬û˭ϸĴ𰸣ֻܰԼľȥгˡ
ԭ̰֮ٵЩӰʵ̰֮Ԫܡ
ֻǴ̰֮ڷֳȥˡ
ܻٵЩʹƻԪܡ
ȵȡ
Ϊʲô֪Щ
еһŻ磬޷ٱܱߵ
ģˮУް﷭ת
ˮĳЩ״ᾧıѩ貵ʯ㷺Ź
ǾħԪܡ
ǴӻԪϰģǴδܹȾ
Ǵӻõ˴ԪܣҲǴӱӶںϡ
ЩԪܣ֧ǲϸ飬ҲǵԿ򣬴ڲͬλ֮䣬ͨʶȥӰ硣
ǼԱΪĺġ
Ԫܡ
Щڻںϡ
õļ䡣
ǺȻЩϢԺһһ˲¡
ֶݵѺܿʧˡ
ֿʼе磬ȻǿҵʧУЩջ·ޱ޼ʵĺ
ԳɺˮҲֻܱɡ
ֻǸʼ
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159 
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ຣ׶ǡ
ȺǹĻ֮һƬ, ǧٵȫϢͶӰڿУֻ˸඼ǳħ˵ĵط
ʥΧս, ٵϹĳЩܹĿռվϢء
ͼɳ̵ͶӰ̨ϣٴսݣͳƺͷϸš
ԱߵĳϣһְŶͷ, ȥƺЩƣ
¡
ܱ߻ȫϢ
Ȼʱڽһ, ڸԱҪԱԼЩȨƵĴǵӰϤС
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ԵĻ, ոս˺ͼս, ĺҪ˯һ
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, յʥΧյı桪
ԪǽѿԽԽչȦĵ̡
ӿħ˿ϡһЩȻֻΪչ, ʵϳֵħ˵Ȼࡣ
פħĸ֣Ӧħˣ˹ͨĽӶЩͷö, οˡ
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š
͵͵Ӧһ, ǲӵˡ
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ĳλĻ㱨ԱߵͶӰ̨ͼ˲仯
׶Ϊĵĳຣϵ, ʥռݵա
ڵһж˺, һźͿռվ, ƶƽ̨սҲ̫ջƩһЩʯλõȵȡ
ʱ˿̣ЩϽӺȦգϤս𸲸ǡ
ʮռվѾ˷棬Զ̹۲ըĻǿ˸
Ϊ뼰ʱǲء
ǣϹ񡪡ͨԱרҵսԱȫȲս
޵Ԯִ֮Ҳûкת̫࣬ΪħҲԴԴϵس֣ΪЩħ˽ƾԼͿԻٵһͻԶԶڶ֣Ҳɾ޴ˡ
ǣȻȫսҲϰٴͬĳк̫սħˣ޷ٽıͶעȥʥ֮⡣
Ȼ˵Ǳ˵ļ弶ϵߡ
Ͼһսƻ弶ߣڿħ˷棬ԱһսҪЧʡ
Ͻ˵Ԯ󣬱£оħ˳ˡ
󳼵ٴν˯Ĺˡ
һ˿ڵʽҲηԼϢ
ΪЩҲֻھְ
һ˲䣬ʼԼѡˡ
߰ͮš
˻֣Ӻһȥһţȫͣˡ
ԵЩ춯ǳϸ΢Ȼ޷㿪Ǹ
һ˲䣬ϹеЩᷳ
ΪʲôҪЩ£
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Լ޷ⱻ꼰ͨˡ
ΪʲôҪںأ
һַͶӰ̨ıԵ̵ﷺɭɭ⣬Ƶصһɷƺͱ塣
ת߳ãҪɴ׼ǰţȻʶԼ쳣Դںδ
ľУռҵزҡʧ֮˲佫ɡ

Ŀ޵ƬռһڰС
µĿռͬ۰㷭תÿһƬתͬɫȻ󹹽һġ鲼űͻ԰񳤽֡
ܡ
ǸɹĳߣȻԪܷõԼϡ
͵ܲһҲܱ򵥵ħ
ȻվϤİĽֵϡ
֦Ҷïĸߴ׵Ͷ´ƬӰζ˳Ⱦʯϡ
ڳֽǻĿǡ
վڻ԰ſڣȥĳԼıµС
żῴǣȻֱ˹ܼұطº͵ɵҵ
סϲÿȥû˭ͬסֻз˵ĳذ˸¥
˲˵Ļм俪ʼǶ״̬
Щ˳аһ
෿ݺͻ԰Ʒ˸ָ߼Ľ򣬸˸Сѧγ̡
żǵģġ
иŮˣﳣֵӰص
շ˽̵ڣԺͰİʹþơ
İͷúòãúûʲôģ˵һжá
ʱȷʵһжá
ֱ֪İ˵ݣҲȻûиıԼ뷨
һ죬ڻ԰ⰴ壬űɺͱܺУդԺԼ֡
ͣ
ʶŭͣ¡
Ȼе԰СΪǴš
Сźɫ۾ǵԲԲģϻСȸߣסڶ˹˫̥
Ǽͬҽܡ
ǰȣҵܵˡ
ˣðȡ

ǼΡ
ǴӽֿڵӸӵȻı
֪ǴѧУͣĵطСֵ͵㡣
˫̥ǼСĺӣǵĸҪôѧҪôѾĸæƽʱֻб˴Ϊ顣
˹ڼҲɷӣԵʱҲϰ߱ǻƺͷ
ʱѧУֵڣ˫̥һȥܿһϤΪ˺ѡ
˹չʾƬӰ񣬹ǵУ԰Ͽѧϰ֮⣬иСűȥǳ֡
Ϊʲô㲻ȥѧأ
ʵ
ֻǵ沢ûж⡣
ȻҲ֪ǣҲȥѧУϵСѧȴɼ໤˷У롣
ѧУ˻ļ໤Զ̼ͥҵõ׼ûѡУ
ȻϵĹѡߣСѧѧ׶Ρ
ͥͨΪһЩȶʧصĺӶġ
ֻҪμϿԾˣּ¼ڵϣҲһ̶Ӱδľҵ
ͨҵԼļ໤ˣϵԷѯܷ棬ûգһˡ
ǸԳһܼң̬ƽЩ䵭ܼᶨؾܾʾڲʺȥѧ
ѯΪʲôܼȴûи𰸡
ڼҲûʲôãȺ˾棬ѧУļȤ¡
ǵоԼ·Ҳ̤У԰ǼĽŲֵĹ㳡ĿĲ߹С޺޵ĹչʩḻĻģһݽ棬һƻˣһͬѧֳܡ
˫ֽ̥Щǳѵ
ʱϼȫߣѧУȻҲؿγ̡
ѧУǿ漰һЩΣյĿ׵˵һ޶ڵȻġ
Ҳ붩һЩܵĻȴһαܼϵˡ
ҪФ벻ԼĶ
ܼҵ˵ݣ͸ѧ᲻ҲҪĸ׻ӻ㡣
ؿŹܼҡ
ܼһʶһ꺢˵Щȥǳ֣ŷŻһЩ£ܽΪãһ׵ġ
˹ǼŹ£ڻжȹﶬǵĹϵԽԽ˫̥ļҹ
Ȼսˡ
Ƕʱ䣬սδյϣֻܵʥ򣬶Щ˵²ûôǣӰ̶Ⱥͷսûʲô
Ȼĳ糿˵Ĺﶼ˽ţȫϢӰԺľͷ𷢱۵鳤صؽ
ʾڶͶƱѾͨϻʥԮֵħˣ׶ǵ߱ʾ

ûоÿе񡣡
һ߿Űһ˵
һƬҾƯȷʵ񣬿ͻѪԵϵҽ˵׺ܶġ
Լմ˪Ͳݮɱ衣


160 
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𷢱۵кָȫϢӰ, ά櫡衣
˹ǼǺ
˵ʲô
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΢΢ҡͷҳĳõϡ
ʱ˫̥Сѧҵ, Ѿ仰ζʲô
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ԡ
ȺȻ۾, ղ˹󷨹ٺٽʵĸ㣿ҵĴǰǹߣ
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˹ǳĬˡ
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˫̥ĸĸ̫ͨѶվʱҲʮæµǵֽǷ׷ױξˡ
弸㳲
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һʱﶥ壬ӿֳߣԽԽܵٶξ
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ȽƵǽߣ˫۾ӲӦҲҪҪȥҾͲѣҲҵĵܵˡ
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161 
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ǰŭҪǲ˵ľǣ
Ҳ֪
˼ѵؿڣĲ֪ȥ
һ˵һ߿Ѫ
ƿأ˵ϢҲͺõ߰˰ˣڳ˸û˭ԴӶôпᡣ
ʲô
иʵ
˵Сࡣ
ȥˡסڶ桭ĸǼԱǵһ㱻ȥˡ
ߣͻ年Ķ˼顭ֻڲ񡭡˭˵ʲô
һǽ˵ȥ
ֻʣҲʶĲԾ֮
Ⱥڿǽ˫̥йߣ
У
ǹеʾĽͲ
ȥˡ
嵽¥ݿڵʱѾǹˣһǹ䴩˵࣬кſڵϲϳ鴤š
ڶǹûһ˺ѷεļУ
̧ͷ

и˵¶Ц˼ĸ׳ÿС֡
۾һԲ
ֻἤŭǡ
ѾںˣֻҪ˫̥ȥСǶߣϵһǹ˻ǿԳܵġ
ϾʮĺӣȲø곤ߣతǹͷǹܾˡ

иŭ߹ץסкǳõĽ𷢣⣬žµȻ˴
Χȭߣǹк͵ĸ첲Ƚš
ԴͱˣǰȫѪ
ͷǣе趼ǴӺԶĵط
֡
ץԴȫҶΪħ˶ָ֪о𣿣
кǿ̧ͷ
ǽð˫̥˹
ѣںǣںϧħ˵ֻ̬ŻҽҪǰ

ŭؼɤɳƲƣ
Ȼû뷨
ǰ˫̥ˡ
һǹһǹ
ֱӵԴҲ״ѪȾصë̺ڹĵذӿ
ȿһС
Ĺͷˣʲôˡ
һʼʹˡ
ôš
Ƿ˫̥ᱻǲ뿪Щ˴סһûˡ
Ǻˡ
һֱû˵ûʹޣûģЩƺܲķӦǿʼ
ǹֱֹˣ̫ʹ죡
ʼܿҪ˲ָ˸ĽŽ˼
һӣ˽ˣǿʼ˵˼䣬ƺĳЩ硣
ЩȻģġ
ΪĶһֱѪԴ죬ʲôˡ
ⳤÿ񰡣û뵽һ˽ӱĸǸĸףҲ˵
˽Сӣ˵һ
һ˴򿪹Ƶ˵е裬ά櫡ĸף˵ͽ
ǰЩģףԼɳƵɤصڷ
ǶΰֻһȺܵĳ棬ǻʧȥǵļˣǲ䵱ˣǲ䱻屣

ȭ˳輸զͷϣͷֱӱˣʲô˳
衪
ںİ˿ĳƺϧһӦ𣬡ҵĽ
ڸ
ֱ洫ըĺ죬һ˽ֵ汻ըľ޿ӣؾߵƬĴɽ
ըȶֱƷ˻԰դǽ
һǹܼǹڿըľĴƮ
ǵǺ쮵ǵ
ɹ⾮ԱߵĲǽĻֱ飬ϡɼ콵ս˶ʱ
̶̼ȺɢЩֵǮĶûãܵøɸɾ
治𽻻˻Ĳкӿ׹䣬Ũ̹ǵŶ룬Ĵӡ
ߵķѪʬ壬ȻҲǵע⡣
ĴѲһͽӳ˹
ӴֵǮ
ӳϵѪɾϵˡ
ʣĻЩΪ޷ϵģ˽Ůǵͷ
ǿһۣĸֵǮߡ
Ȼǵûнȥ
ΪϵǵΪ֧һʾ޶ͻ
ǵûнߣΪֱָ֮ӹٵע⣬˴ϡ
ǵʲôʲôЩӻǰץĹ¶һ
츳ǿֻ࣬ʱ䣬һνӻжһʯȻͼˡ
˵޼չȻǾɱά櫵ɷͺӻֵܽãĳйߵĶ
Щ˵ѣⶾ֡
峹ˡ
ַʲô
һǮЩ˵ݣȻԼȥ
ȺЩѾˣЩܲһš
ǵÿͷһƬһƬ޵ǵ⣬ǵ˿Ϳ϶ҩʹܣǼʱǡ
ĥǺܾãȴԼ˲Ѿû˿С
ֻϣһдûϣ˫̥ӲʶԼ
ɺɱ˳ǡ
ԳѸħΪǵŵĵһ֣ԭȵųȥ֮˳µλ
֪ųһС
˵ɱųǸ𷢽۵ˣ֮ĳƺš
ʱ֮ԱǣֻΪǸԪߡ
ɱĻԪ߲Ȼη壬ֻΪľֵ
ʱʢֻܵУ϶Ѫεų˻ûڹ

ֱ費Ի͵ӷٻһУؽֱʺ
Ůޱ鿴ŵزǵ
Įᡣ
ҡ
û
˿ȥҪСһЩڼս֮ǰǸ֮Ҳû˵ĸӻǼЧ
Ǽʵòһ㣬ѹʽʤ޻˵
ԹǷϤԵѹҶԷֶ൱ˣʱ꣬ٴθܵʲô
Ȼˡ
Ҳ
˫̥ôˣôһʲôء
ȥϹɣ뱨ͱ̻ҪһС
Ǹĵ˵š


162 
ʱҲȷʵ˻֮С
ʥܵĳش, ʹķѣ
ϵļݣͬʱҪħ˵Ϯ, վЩ˾ϱضӪԮķɴϵ·;бݻ١
ʱصϡ
ɱˣ֪һ޴ı, Ͷħ˵, ά櫵ĸ֡
ⱳǣǧ˿ƵĹϵ, С
ɱЩĹĸ֣Իٹ̵, Ҳܾͺ޷֮
չǰһ, ȫǱ߸ļ
ҵ˹ܼҡ
ǹܼҵΪǱ, Ҳʮǰ࣬ĸ׺͸׵Լ, ׻Ὣ߸
ȻûӤ뿪׾档
ǵĸǸǵҲ, , ԷҲȫ
ά櫺ɷԼ, , ǲЩӴ, ҲЩвŮǵĵλ
ģΪҸƽС, ڷ˵ĸʳǵĳ
, ٴγ, ߵ̬ɱһЩħˣЩƵαġ
ȻᶼһУֶδһ֮Щɵʧˡ
ڳԵĿУϵؼ¼ɾøɸɾ»Ӣ¿еš
֮⡪帲ʱڣ֮ҲƵ£ĳħ⵽ȺսЩ¼
ٺŴʧȥܣҲһЩ£Ψм˱صļ䡣

Ŀռ
Щ䳤꣬ϾԼģһҲֻգ֮䡣
ľҲȻȲǼλǣļ̼Ѿκ˺
ֻЩˡ
ǰͿħһˣΪʲôҪۿЩء
ٿһۡ
֪ιȥľͷжôʹ࣬ʱʮҲȻһδϵ˿ڣԶԶزϡ
ӴԺˣǰη߱
ȻҲûűɺͱܵĺӣֶ¶ӰͿ޷˵س硣
ϣǴûô
˵ٿȻͿת˲仯˻۵Ĺޣһͷ޴¹ǵʨֻ˸ġϸ̲һȽš
ʮֻצ˺˿ε
ת˲䣬ǰ塣
ʧ֮ѷˡ
صʵ磬һȺսսڴȻ֪ոȥħսˡ
ݵȫ̬ħոջָЩƣ
Χηؿ
¡
鲻̫ȷʵҪ𣿡
һ˲䣬ǰͷٴӿ
ΪʲôҪЩˣ
ЩƵĴ
ĸףļˡǴŲϿ˵֮ΪϾϹᣬȴһȺ㱻ɱ
ȻͶħ˵ıȻأ
ܵıӻʱǸж£ǿЩʱǾһС

ҧгݵ˵
ٻ
ЩͷԭܵӰ졪
֮
Һͷ
һսʱ߱ٻʸҲͷһؾָо
ǿĺܲܡ
Ϊĳ̶ֳϣŤ˼ֻǽص뷨ھ
ɴʻŵĳռͨ
һְϴϣӰŤͨǳ̵ӷ⡣
Ѿɱĳˣɱˣʣµľֻʣħˡ
ǻٵһС
ڣԲԸ

ʥΧ
һƬңսɢĻ䣬һƽ̨̱ըָæµ
յ߾¸ˣʱ̱һߣħ˼ȫ޷վˡ
һż⵽練Ӵؼ
ʤţǱµĴ
ָǷ׷׼
ˣ
ͮ͵̧ͷǿҪûվյµ
ǿԿʼ׼ˡ
ʱ˿̣һħ˴ʥͬȳȺӿ˽ӡ
׺ͻεӰŻ߻͵˻ѸԶ
һ룬ǿٿȻŤ޴ո֣ǧߴƬ͸Ԩ֮С
ɴ̫սƬ
ԼЩƼ᲻ɴݵħˡ
ڶΧһȫ޲УȻʧøɸɾ

ǧ֮ǿУء
ֵħ𽥵ΪԪǽѿڸոչԵѹԶѷһߵϽӡ
ڽȺ룬һ̻Ի͵ľսнǹ°ΧţͷŻƽ˫еĵ
սָڣڷλϣ˻ԶӰ
ˡ
΢΢۾ӦҪ׼ˡ˵ʵֵܼѾˡ
ԱߵͼͶӰ̨ʵʱŸսŵĳԲϸԼʧ档
ΧʮλҪԱԼλλȨصĴ󳼡
ڹ˵ʱһⶼ˳Ĭ
һΪЩΪϣħ˽ȫɱ⣬Ȼ֪ôҴһ˲䣬ԻƵ뷨
¿ȫϢӰħϤڶԼʣսӿʼ룬׷ʧ֮С
ðɡ
ԿǱҪǿһ㡣
ڷŮͷɫӳȫϢͶӰĹâ֮ٻҡ
ԱߵĽ
Сؿʵô֪ġ
ҲСʱ£Ѫǵ¡
һ֧࣬ٿȻңԶȻ˱ͷ
ˣ
ǵмǵʱھ͸ŹµģȻ֪Ѫǵŵų׼ȷ˵Ǹˡߴ˸ɻļϰԱ
Ц
°ͣ˵֮ΨһһܴӾϻҲ˵ں϶ħȥԸԼ
Ǽ֮ľͶħЭ飬ħȻϹԼѪ⣬ǵõ
Ϊζħ˵óѣϾҲĳС
˵
ǡ
Ѿеƣ룬ҲΪȥʹ಻Ըټǰ
һʵħ˹ϵ󣬴ʱҪȥսҲֻΪǵ
ԪǽٶԽԽ졣
ϵĽӳ˴ʱѾħˡ
ĹƲңħûжൽ޷ĳ̶ȣҴ󲿷ħʵǿԱĳ̶ȡ
Ͼħ˵ԶԶȲ࣬ǰ泤СʱĽǶһġ
οЩûֱͨʧ֮صħˡ
սָڣվͶӰ̨ԱߣǰתӰ
¡
Աߵ˵˵Ҫǰͽǰɡ
綼ʶ꣬˴˼伫ΪϤ
Щǵʱھ׷˵һǶ׹Ҫʲô
ǹ׼򡪡ǲȫǽʲôսҲ֪νġ
΢΢ͷ
ħˣʵΪ˱ֺͨҲãǷߺһֱǰ̽ѰҲãֱӵִ
Ϳͬ
Ϲһ̣Ǹóصϣܻ뵽ĳȻһж޷ѻӰӡ
Ȼͼ֤㹻ƥǸϡ
ʱ¾ܿ˽ŮЩƲԼˡ
ȻҲûˡ
ʲôϣ˭ϡһ
ǿߣζӵգⲻȷѾ˼ȥȡ˵Ҫ
ϾǣҲû˾ʲôɡ
ӵһСǿ˿һУȫʧȥˡ
֮ٻҡ
ڷŮһץסͶӰ̨ıԵ᲻ɴݵĳϽֽͬƬֱӱñΣ˼ָӡ
֮ҵٻͻԽԽǿ
΢΢һЦôλףǺˡ
ָһڽʹ󳼵ֿأͷ
Ȼʧԭء


163 
Ҳ൱, ޷򵥹࣬˵ͬʱ鵽
ѰʱȼȻҲܿǰ
֮ٻ˿ٻ
ΪǰߡҲΪھ, ͨĳַʽжǸ׵ֵ
񣬿ҪʥֻҪѭԪܵǣǿշת, ͽӽ֮ء
ħ˵ڼ, вϡٵԪ.
һһԶ̲ٿصս̫, ĻѤ̻
Ȼ䣬Щ𽥱ģ, Ǳһ㡣
ĹԼ, µ硣
ɫ, ԰ڳĺɫϵӳŰӰĴůƵĹ⡣
һشެʢҶ, икüͷɫҴҵ·ϿǿЦݡ
ò, ̫, Ϊʵ
ǸͬµĶ, ĸһǿɥ, Ψһĸ߲Ʋ, Ӷֻʣһ
µĸĸ, շ, Ϊѧ, ڼﻹסԼҡ
Ҵææȥ˱վ棬洫϶İϸ֪ĸĸ
ǸΪѧУ˸ߵĹԺһǷ°ٶ޿
Լ׬ǮʾѾв˵ȥйӶһֵǮĶȡߡ
µĸĸȾϧ¹ͷ
վڻ԰Ķͷײڵשϣһһ
ǶϺ˸ĸ̲סˣӦȹһѹأȻĳؽԺ£ֻΪĽٶǷôǮʵǡ
ǸڴӦұ֤ٷ
ӱʱȻվڻ԰һԹͺ⡣
Զ³˷ѯʸĸոշ£ĸ¶ɫԭӦҪٵȵȡ
˵ԼȫϢϷûˣʱƢָǽ˿ñԼŮҪ
εظǵȻǸ˵ȫܵвֻҪһʱˡ
ߣôԳİ
²˵
ĸο˵ǲһ˵·ϣҲδƳپ˽ģΪʶѹեøҡ
ΪһǮ˼ǼлÿŶʮڡ
ǼҲȱ˺͸ֻˣº޲óаɨһϵй
ս֮ǰѧߺоԱǣ˵ԼĹϢϢء
µĸĸһ߼ʵҵĳԱܡ
ǴͶоߵҲƽƽ㲻ϸ֡
ѧгɾ͵ġ
˼ϸԣӵųǧıٶʽҲȻֱó֡
СʱЩΪϷյԵʣҲΪǸżĶ⣬ǸԼŲߵ˺޺øС
ĸȴ˵Ļ
ֻǸССû˰裬ֶˣЩԹ
Ƕʱ䣬ĸо͹ȣ磬취ǿģȴóֻԼǿջЦ
ҧ̹ɵ׼˼£ԭɼͲܵļӷƼѧıУ¼ȡˡ
ǸĸĸУǶǷУҵģȻϲ˵óƴȻ¶㽵ġ
֪ǲѧУֻΪǴӲҪ
һ˶еĵġ
յ˵Ӱ¼ȡ󣬱УǱԱӣһֽʵ֪ͨ顣
ѧУһ·쭳ؼңɱŴ԰ֻÿĶⶼᣬƵͥԺҲõá
ȻȻᵽѪϢ
ѪأĿѪǽ컨壬ĸߣ׷롣
֪ͨƮһƬǽĵذϣδɺԵѪҺ͸ȾһƬһƬʺ졣
߹ȥΪһĶ磬Ҫͼþƽ⡣
ţȻһ󾢷ƽ
ϮĹǸˡ
ǸŤǴͿңһ߸ϵӣʩһ
蹷ˡ
˻ϵ㲻ܣԹû˱ҰǮǸֵļ󡪡
ڴ޴ѷӵӣǽ컨
еļҾ߼Ĵصײ
Ϊ̫ŭ˲øĸʬڲ࣬ʹȫı¡
Ĵ˴򣬴ѽѷ֡
ؿƿ˿ǧ䶯ϸ˿ĺɫ룬ЩϸС֫Ⱥ˶֡
Ǹ˳׵׵աԡˡ
ͱΣ֫ϳӷ׵飬ɫ۳ɴ׳֫壬ֻɸ̳Ĺʧڡ
Ȼ̮
õǸ˵ļֵ֪˵صİɣǷһǮҪǮƵġ
ĸܾǮ͵ϮɱǣҪɱܶЩƲΪûʱĸĸļ໤ˡ
һ˲䣬¶ƿЦ
Ȼ˵ʲôûˡ
ûĸʬӷ̳Ǹɵ˾ˣǲǸ˵ҪΪծ
ɱˡ
Ȼ֪Լ鷳ˣǸڵһδܹԿ
ʰ·սҲǡÿʼˡ
ĳ̶ֳϷǸΪǸɵˣҲûΪһծͼֵ׷ɱ
ȱǮȸһʱĹӶڼҲãȥܶطڲͬĿռվס죬շתȥµϵ
һռվȺ򺽰࣬ڸ߼ԱרõĺϢڣһڴߵĽŮ
һһַϣ︡һžĽɫ
ŮزͷŰϢҿһۡ
һ˲䣬¼ëͬﱻײеæԶĵط
û˵ҲûٶӣֱܿϲͬĿʹǰ˲ͬ
Ѫǵļ˸ɫɫˡ
Ҳ϶ֺ쮵ĳָӹ٣鳤߰˷ֵơ
Ȼ󣬿˵ܸһų֮ˣʱÿЦûԼҲһͿء
ٺ̵֪ĴڣҲ̵֪Ĵʹߣ̫
ЩΪѪųļȻҲ¡
ɵ˾̵ԸֶΣҲ˿ڵȻԸԼҲĥԲδη
ȻǾò
ΪԷԼἸ꣬ΪһǼһ
֮󣬴ʹ߱ʹͽ̫˾ߡ
ȻΪ֪ģȴǰһģӵǿƻߡ
̫֮֡
¿ϵҷ֮ʱսҵķŴԡ
ʱҲǹ֮һֻڸԶĵطþ֪һϵĸеʸȫȻڡ
Ȼǵø֪ﱬĽ⡣
ֻþңۣʹҲͬ⵶ԺԵײеʶ
Ȼˡ
ʱԼѡ˳Ҳһҫ
ԼͬľٶǳĬضһۣȻջߣҲûп˴ˡ

֪Ĺȥ
ڱܵһˣȻҲսʱһصļ䣬ˣԺֻģӡ
Ǳһͬˡ
ĳ̶ֳ˵սǱԴݻԭӵеһУ滥Ӧľӡ
ҲͬڼϹܵʹҪԼ
һ㡣
û뷨һеĴֵģĸĳЩҲһ⡣
Լûд
ȷʵںԼûһСʱؼңֲ֪Ԥᷢʲôأ
ļþѡ
ڷŮվһƬããƽؿǰ
֮Ƕѩɽ֮С
龧ɵĲ״Щɫİ͸״ľ羵棬ǧӰ
һԲǰ
ϵѣ𽥸ֳ֦
һһϸƹճͷڡֳȨȵ񣬱Ǵ׵ɭ֣ǷïҰ

жǡ
ոܱߵһԴվ׷꿿Ա߿ԣֱΧԱʺõ
ҵϰ˹űĶ̿㣬һͷ̵Ķ̷ڵƹ
̣
ëɻؿǰİëʲô
Ӵæˣ
̧ͷ
ëһۣҸմʧ֮˵úҹ͵һ𡣡
ȥɡ
һѪ˵ϼҴĳħ˴ſڣʹĳбըƽˣҲŲѡ
Ҫռ¸ߵָҲΪֲг
ëۣ˼鱨ӵףٴοħǰɱƻ㵽ӵ´󺰾ɡ
ֱԩָȫԼԲİɣ
㵽ʲô¡
ָָͣҪȥһʥ㿴ǱߵĴ𡣡
ëɨһۣһ˽˷ɴ￴۵Ĵ󽢣Ǹɽ𣿡
ǰæտһ£͵ˣ֪Ƭط¡
̻ӻ֣ˡ
Ϊ˵
ëүģϽ
뿪ԴվȻֱӽʧ֮
ͨ˵Уƾʧһ
̷ϰҡҡͷ׼뿪ֺȻͣס˽Ų
عͷ
ǰԶ򿪣һӢĺַ˽Ϻá
ëȻϺãôܵˣ
¡
ԼشҺɽյĴأ
ëϰ۾˰ɡ
ˣ
˰ɣ
ë룬ҲǸճģΪֻȥӣʵǽһ£һк̯ܶûʰء
ãи£ʧ֮һأֱʱ䡣
ëܺ˰ɡ
ˡ
˳ĬƬ̣ϣܳɹɣȥĴ˵ط˶
ëؿıӰԶȥ𣬾Ȼں˵Ĵ


164 
ŭ֮
¶ȴһƬްɭ
ޱ޼Ӱ, Ũصĺڰţǳͬīˮϡͣ˿˿ƵĻҰס
عԭҰ, ƽ̹ĵ·Ķ飬ڿлص
˺ܾúܾá
Ҫ𣿡
Ƶʵ
ʱĽҲֻǸδѵİӣǳӵ, ݵһˡ
Ȼ, ɽɰԼ, ڽļСʱﱣ״̬Ҳ˸еۡ
ҡҡͷ, Ҳۡ
ǰ綼仰, Ҳûͬ⡣
ӿո۵Ĺص·;ңԶ, Ϊո۱Ǽ˽רãֻҪͣҪɡ
ոΪĹɣ;벻Զ, ֻĹزһƬ԰һƬԭҰʹ׵ɽ֡
ǵĸҪɽŴ˹ͨߡ
ʵ, Щ˵, ·;գ֮, ֻǰĹ, Ҫһһ߹ȥġ
Ǽǰ, ˷ɵԭҰζּ䳤·, һֱδͣЪ, еĺѻ, ͻҰӰΪһ塣
곤ĸ翪ʼʣĿۼȥЩǽͺգͼҳʲô㡣
ǴΪ߶ֻǸӡ
վȺţʵΪ˼ߣ⼸Ƿʸǵͷ
¶վڽ͸ߡ
˹סָ֣Ǳ
ʶҪȻֳ߬סָԼѾʧȥ֪
΢΢ͷ·𶼳⣬ƺ˵ЩʲôҲûпڡ
̽Դǰ档
˹ͨ˰Ǻ۵ͣȴһע⵽
ıӰЩį
ڷڣбǰһŶͷ㲣·һġ
ɵ´Ѿˡ
ĹϵģӢӲüʹһţٻͷʱǸ߸ϵļ̳ˡ
˵ʲô¶ûֻǵᵽ˹ɷݡ
ȻǸ˵İ廯ˮʣϰ嵹ʪĵ棬ֶʹزҽ
ЦЦؿ´ٲþƣʣһҲš
ƵȻܹƣȻĹӦҲΪʹࡣ
ٴ֮ǸҲûƹǡ
ѧ֮ǰЩµĸģģܻĻ⡣
˵ܣ˵𼫻̸ħˣʱǱ¡
Ʃ簲غĳĻ񣬰˵ʶıã˵˯ø磬˹طۣ˵ԭ«έǡ
¶ȲǺ˵ʲô
װԼˣȻؼǣʵֻظ˵ĻҼϼ
ǴŶСõ뷨
û˴һ̸ȻﰵȥЩݡ
ͬѧܶõ˻ܣ޾ħ˴þһħ
ҲýĻ˯ɵĵܵܡ
Ϊ˺һ

ֻǾҪӵеһУûеģҲȥŪ֡
ΪЩʧ䣬Ϊ֪Щʱģܿ죬ӵͬ͵λȻеͬκͷա
һݰˤĻżһԼɵСʱ
Ȼִʧ֮ħ˸ɼܣԷ˺ƬʱԼСʱôˬ¡
ֲٻˡ
ǰ֡
Щδ֪ġȴ̽ĶЩδȡõЩƽ֡
δиõĶǰΣյѪᣬҲԶջôαҪȥء
Ȼǲûġ
ΪܳеһС
¶ȺȻʼˡ

ŭ֮û乥
˼룬ʶԼںԪܣЩԷӿһξߣֻ
ͳΪħһĴڡ
ЩȥΪڵ֤ݣҲΨһʶԼħ˲ͬĶ
¶Ƚһʶ
Ѿ൱ԪܣȻЩǼշתǱ͵ȼħ۹
ڣܵɭĴԪܣԻڲġӵĴڡ
ǻκһʹԪܡԪܵ
ոЩ߰³̵ͷҲΪԪӰĽ

ٿȻ
ҵĽâԶͬĳԾƽߣ谵ɲǼ䱻ǿ˺ѡ
ռҵزѷݺύظֳ
¶ȱӲק˳ȥ
ûںܣȻǿһЩδü뵽Լ
뿪ٲԪܣ»ڡ
һսʧˡ
ȻΪһʧܶ٣Ͼ֪ǵһνͳɹˣֳҲǳΡ
Ȼص㲻
˭˳
һŻߵСǦɫĵϱ鲼ɿӣīǿ޵ţԶϡɴĹӰ
¶վ
δŴƣҫɾ̺췢ɢ䡣
ſ˫Ƭ䰵ĳ죬Ƶĸ
һΪ˭ء
¶ȱֱۣ°ֻܽ𡣡
ʮ׿İУӰٿȻֳ
ҲɢһͷĲɫϾʹŲ̫ʽºͳ㣬ȥǴ˱˵·һ
¶ȶʱȻȥץ˲ûôŴ²
˲δ˵
ӰأȻͱŹصƣͷ
¶Ȼɫ䡣
ϴμûкк
ŮȻ߳Ƭռѷ˲պϣлŹԻ͵Ľɫؽ
¶͵һϣٿȼս⣬¡
հ
΢Ц˵Ǹ㣬˵á
ŭ֮
¶üѾˣ㻹ҪʲôԱ𣿡
ƺƿڴȻ֪ʲôֱ죬һԵعš
ԼҪһЩԡ
򵭵˵Ǿͺûϵˡ
㻹Ҫںϵڶ
¶𾪵ؿħˡ
ҲǿǺ֮һҲܳܵķΧ
Ůƽػشͬʱ΢ؽбָĺ췢ˡ
ǿҵѹ˷ѹ¶ȸоڵԪܶὩ
һεǣӲԭȵλá
ҴקΪԼҪŭ֮
¶ȼֱͷʺţ㻹ںħˣ㡪㲻ںħˣûԼ
ǻսøãߵʵҲҹĵ¡
ź˵˵սң˹ͨ£㻹ôҸʱָȻ󡪡
¶ֱȼ˻⡣
ǿֻת˲ǧӡ
ڵģ磬ɽĻ̻ѣ񱩵Űÿһȼɾ޴Ļ
գ֮䣬ĵ汬ѺۣʯɳڸڻһжڱŤѸš
ϧ
ҡڵĻǽ̾Ϣ
һ룬ȵĽɫ˺Χǽͬе㡣
һ˲䱬̫ͬȼ֮ܺͣľԴݻĳ
¶𾪵ؿһĻ
ѹԪܣѾħֱı
ΪǿŵģȻǸ֮һ
޼᲻ݵ޿ƥеƣ·ʹսᡣ
ңħ˲ɱͬϷˣ
һװף޷ľУ
㹻˰ɡ
¶ȺȻһͳ͵ɤ
бĻƽ˲Ǳһʧøɸɾ
һзڵʯ䣬άȫ̬ûܿô¡
Ϊ˵ˣ򡣡
¶Ȼعͷ
ڷŮվʮ׿⣬ֻ׿ڴȥĵӣ˫ȴЩŭ⡣
¶ȣ
üһ
ϴοǽŻֳϵˣȻ֮տûô⡣
ңһﵽôģ
һ˲ֵ̫֮
ǾǼħ
ǡ
׼οһۣҿǺܹƽģȻܶܡ
¶ȣ
ڰ̵ʹͽĳЩ׵ĴУ˵ߴǿ˺ػߴǿķ֧źйصܣԵ˵ǿơ
Ȼ
ոĳַ
ǡ
׼һζķ⣬ֻǷû˵ҵ𣿡
㡢ˡղǸ
¶𾪵˵
Ȼ򣬡һԼ
ȴʲô¶ûУ
˼شǣͷ˿ûҵ״̬ǰоһ˲ص˶ʮǰ
׼΢΢üʧܵζˣ
Դ𣿡
ǣϾ֪֮һֱʧܵĲҡ
¶ȣ
֮ȥҪطúһ𣿡
ѡĻҲ࿴һۡ
׼βͷɣδɵ£˹ͨ£ҺֳĽףǼҵκ֮ս̵ܵӡ
¶һ㶡
֪ݲȫһ
΢㲻ɣػ߸£ɴӦʲô
ңǲյ绹ͦġ
׼λ˻֣ȥɡ
ִ²ʲôõľϾĸɱ
֮Ȼʲô磬⼸˶֪ˣ̸Ҳʺϱ˲͡
¶ȹϻȥˡ
ʣµʹͽһۡ
׼Σо֮ˣǸӶСѳɹˡ
š
еؽɢɹ㡣
ı鿴ϲŭƺҲոշһзϡ
Լ֮䣬ҲӦӦ㣬ɱ֮Ϊһ£
ࡣ
׼βλأȻ⻰˵ܶģе̫֣֮ҲҲӡֻҪó⡣


165 
诺һܳܳΡ
εħ˵, ε֮ԴĻ塣
ڼΣյĻ档
ǽȥ˲ͬԸָĶ
ʱǼԴĻĮʱǳɽ, ʱǸ»ǼĵشЩǱط
ҲһѡǿƯѰκṩʡ
ǸＸûʺﷱܵ෴ȫΣķûϣĵ
ЩȻ, ƾŻǵ
ҲΪķֳʽ, ǲҪǸ, Ҳһ̶ȼǵѹ
ΨһҪľǱ֤ԼĴҵԴ
ֱһ˷, ѡֹͣȥѰԴ, ӶѾҵԴ, ЧʸߣѶȺҲ͡
ǸӶ߱Լʱ
𽥵أ˷, ʵûԴôĺԼƵ壬ҲΪԴ
ֻǶЩħ˵ȶ, ǻɵõ, Զܴ̫ջҵԴõġ
Բ򲻵, ͨὫ˴˵ʳ, ǽͬΪߡ
Ĺ򶼱ƻ, ĻʼøӲԤ⣬ҪӦԵΣҲˡ
ֿʼӵٺϵͳ, ӦϮ

Щĺ
㱼, ·ҲһҺ̬
ǿﻺƯ, ƾ͸壬ЩżԼ
쵵Ĺߴ壬ĺʣһƬһƬ̫ŵĻ棬˺ƵѤõǺӵһǡ
Ա߾ʱһֻת״ģĳֶԷҪԴնԻԷӽ
ȻԷмֵĶǶԷĳһ֡
״̬
޷иӵ˼Ҳ޷ӵս󲿷ʱƾ豾£ʱҲʧܣʱ佥ˣ˸ж϶ǿ
һ˲䣬课Լμ以ںϣͼҲֱ˴ˡ
ȵȡ
ǲļ䡣
ļʼɽũΧϹϵĹȲ֣ͨɽֵС·Ҷ
·ͷг׹ϦҲгȼĳϼ
ЩһһУȻµĹڳеһгΪ˿ˡ
ž޴복ˮ֮У߽ɭͶµӰ
ϤЩͷβ£ЩѣЩͼˡ
ò˵ʵڲʲôĹȥ
Щʵġ
Ǹ־粻Ưǿˮ
ڱݹɫЩͨģЩǲҵġ
Ʃʧȥס໤˸䵭Ĺ¶Ʃ类ֻʱơƿٷ˴˫˫ҽԺĵù
һǲĹȥܳ˸һС
͵ѹ
ļԺУ֮ĸֹȥǰֳֹʽ鲻ͬ
ξǿӰˡ
ħˣ˵պ󱻳Ϊħ˵ǣһֱڽ
Ǻ˼άȻԶǵΪǸ̫ܻ˵Ĺ鹲
ԽԽǿѰԴӶͬ࣬ʶԼҪ
һһΰ壬ֱȫƻȻЩԪܡ

ô˵ء
诺֪ħûиӵ˼άУǺĲԣҲȥǴǵˡ
ϾǲһûСжлǲʲô
һ屾Ҳûи飬Ҳûио۴ӾϻϣΪӡıѶʹࡣ
ħ˻Щ򵥵˼άΪߵǿʶ㡣
壬Ÿһ޺ֲӦе˳򿪻ĸҲŭᷴ
Ѿĵ¹ȥ¡
Ϊԭ򣬵µıɫʵ˺ܶ࣬ҲûʲôֵþˣǶǧǰ£һ档
ħˡ
ǲ֮ѡ˺ߣǴͷβԼ֧䡣
ǵм򵥵˼άΧΧŶĿᴩǵĹȥڣδ
Ľ

ͼ
ôţܾЩû壬ԽǱֳɱĶԴ˼ԼĸУҪô
ǽ磬ٵ׶Ǻʹʥ֮Ǻħ˵ĵжԾͲҪˡ
ȻǱѬĵ߲ٻ
ԣЩҪˡ
ҲҪκȥ֧Լ£ĳֹԣնڱ֧䡣
ȵȡ
Ƕȣֺħûˡ


£ΪʵǸߵĽݣҲΪսשߡ
ȻʹսҲȻ£Ҳ˵ԼЩΪ˴壬Ϊ˱ˣֻ˵Ŀ˳ģܸһЩ
ĻԴǰߡ
ħһ⴩ڲͬ
ⲻħһ
ȥͬķ羰Աķɴ
֮ļǿɫɫЩǾͷһᱡǿչ۹⴬
ĿҲɻıʱģԽܡ
ҪЩԪܣ׷Ḷ́ҲոʵĿ֣ЩΨиǿĴڲԵһδ֪硣
ʹúħһģһҲԶħˡ
һļ䡣
˵Ȼҡ
˹زӦ
˵κҪĻԶ޷ΪʲôҪЩ
Զһˡ
һ˹
ĲǼһУ˹صļ䣬ҲԼļ䡣
˱ռ䣬Լ塣
ҲЩڵԪ֮Ĵڣܹ֮Ǵ洢ڣȴ޷ա
ЩӻԪԪܣȻٵ
ֿԼ״̬ϱ仯
ʱˣʱȫ̬ʱɴ֮Ĵˮ
ֱȥ״̬˺ܾá
ֱȫЩԪܡ
Ҳˡ
读صʵʱ򣬷Լλ̫
еľһֱ䶯ţάȵɫƺҵġ
һ˲䣬Ӷ޷ԼһС
ȵȡ
Ļ
ĸ֪ΧԶţǿ˳ǿ﷭ӿ֮·һѹȸеӰ
ĳЩϵ޻ҵرţȴΪ޷ֱΣյԴԵäĿ
ҷɴ״ȫʧ飬涼⵽쳣ʺ쾯ʾ

读㱵ظһУƺ쵽ԶԶĵطȻ̽⵽˸Ԫܡ
ڵλá
ʲô
⡢Ӵġ
ľ̽⵽Ǹʱ͵ѹ
֮ڵħǲʳͷһջԵյǽӽ
诲ȷǲ
һ߼˼άҲһϤĸйٺ͸֪ķʽ
еһоʼȶ
ֻصϤģʽ
ĴһƬԶãѤǺӣڸԶĵطһҷɴѸʻ
ˡ
׸ͣڿո۵ʱԱӡǡ
ͷʶͬһǺĹǰɳۡ
Χ·ǧ羰Ӷʻӡ֮ͣ
·;ʮңԶʮʧģȻƫƫһöССĿռӡǣš
˵ǰǺڰһ磬緢Ļɽ۶Զܱһۿ
ڵĸ֪ʽǡ
ȻжƵĳпո
ۣԼվڴ󽢵ԱߣȻããǧľ롣
ռ䴫˿ûκβʵĸоҲûҺͻ־塣
ǰͷ׵ķɴһԴվĴţǰ
ԶֵĿոۣʱʱиִ߽䡣
ͷȵתһ𣬰ǵĳ˵Ц֯ոе춯
ˡ
иڷɴſڵվһΪ

е㾪ȣû뵽
ԣоôս
ַʵ
ЦһءоܶҶħˣ˵Ϊһ᲻ʵûʲô𡪡ȵȣҲǹģٲֹ⡣
ڵõˣɴ߹ȥס֡
ƺе㾪ȣҲһʩΪ
һ룬ֱӶˡ
ҳɹˣ
ֿǷĳУ۸ӵţеڸ¥˸ȫϢͶӰ
ǻصˡ
һÿռԽϵλһˣ
ڵԪܺĸоͬˣĳ̶ֳȺ໥ںˣһָܵĸױٿص
̫ˬˡ


166 
ٴס
һӺ, ˲ƻжƵĿոۡ
诽תһȦ·
ħ˻϶ϰ㱼Ͼ·̫, ȵˣͼȲΪԼҲΪˡ
͵ӾԱλ£Ϸһ»޴룬ȴ˿ΪĻеʡ
ȻҲ, Եһʱ䶼, , Ҳûô⡣
ԼĴռֱӰѰ׸˿ռ
Χ·, տյͣλ
ƺ, ոջͣȻλɲǼʧ
ȫϢͶӰ𣿡
С۾
ļҲؿͣλ
ǶԼۻ, ̫۳˻þ
´Ҷ֪ߵĴڣҲǺʲô˲һҴʧӰ١
ûκûκס
ֻվͣλԱ, Ϊܵ˽
ҺûüϲԸ⣬Ƽ¼, ¡
ͷ, ʲô¼ɱ
ʱٺҲ̫һ, Ȼûʧ֮ô, ֮һһġ
诣Ȼô˵, Ҿͼھϴμ沢ûйȥüꣿ
ȷʵֻȥ˼졣
ЦЦ, ˵Ļ, һν֮, Ȼɱ
ȻǰҲȥ򣬵̰֮ÿȻԼġս
诣Դ󲿷˶ǽȥβɵġҶˡ
ԣϲ㣬ңĺ
Ͽҵ˵ţ峺ͫȾЦ⣬еͺϲá
лл
诸˵ӵһ
ƺû뵽ַʽл״Щ޴ֱ̧ۣСʮĻرһ
е㽩Ӳ
诸оԷЩȻҲվֱˣǸ㲻̫ϰߺ֫Ӵ𣿡
ʱִ˲ء
ҲΪϤЩǶٻԼһĳּˣ
ţǵġ
̾˿̬ЩȻ΢ֻصϡ
󲿷ʱ֣ǾԼ⣬㲻öҵǸӦô˵ҡ
õ˿Щ⣬û£Ҳô˵ΰɡ
һֱڸڵԪܣǰĲʵı仯
诳ħһֻ֣ڹ⻬ƬƤȻһ˿ûʧĸо
ħҲпռԶһ£
Ҫ󣬡ôã
Ӷ쵽Уϣ˳ָ쿪еҵָ
ʼ磬Ҳ̫óÿռ˵ҲóκĹҿԡ
޳ƣָڿһ
ΧϢչһϸϸɫѷ죬ǿһǽͼӿһЩ˸΢⡣
Ӵʱѱǵѷ롣
ǣѷ诵ʱǵѷֱӾɼΣǽӴƤĲ֣Ϥʧˡ
һķ϶ֻʣ¼С飬ǱƤĨмһ
лл
诵˵ͷ
ѷʧˡ
˳˼
ûпħ״̬ǳֽӴܣڶܵĵֿ棬ħѾûʲôˡ
ΪԼǲԪ
Ҫħ״̬ɱʹã
Ȼļ䣬֮Ͼħˣ֪Ԫܺϻʲô÷棬ŻҪԼȥ̽

һϲо
ܽǡ
ȣʹԪܵ⣬ƺˡ
ƩħҲʹԪܡ
ħʹԪܶ
ǺǺһȻ¡
󲿷ֽ״̬˶Ϊеƣɡ
ΣܣЩԭյòرõǺȻˢһʮ
⶯ʹõĳ̶ȡ
˵ǲˡ
ħһԪģܡ
ΪɱҲɱһֵԼ
Ц˵൱ֲĻͬĽʵֻȡڣĲʣµĸࡪȻҲǺͬ˵ϾҲû
ᡣ
Ԫģܣͻĸơ
ȻΨһ֮ǣһ˱ħˣô˽ټ
Ҫôȥ˻Ҫôħһʯ
Ի治ʲô⡣
诣еԼҪˡ
ĳ̶ֳ˵ıħһĴˡ
ǲִӻԪܰɡ
ħܱɽ״̬벻ԪܵӰ죬ǿܲǸԴ
ǻõԪܣҲħ
ƩһֱԼԼӦǵĴڣԼһջĶ
Ԫˡ
֪ʲô
սʧĻࡣ
ӵļ䣬ȻܱϢ
Ԫ˾档
Ȼôɡ
ΪӵԪܵˣӵħԵˣҲҪǸ˺ɡ
סͷҪ¡
ǲʲôõѡ
ΪҪٵõԪܣŻһĴˮ򣬽ʱʣµľ֮ˡ
ġ
ʱԪ˵Ĵڡ
ˡ
ڻܸоһߵʯ
ңڵĽУһѹڼװܵԪİװ档
ɢĵط̵ϸڶ˺֣ȫԺ֮С
ǱɨǷĽһȫ棬ûκ©
һˡ
ĻһӺõ
ջƺûôǿ
һҪĻžڲ״̬ŵʳζ
ҲԳԣǿҡ
ħ˵ĻǶκİмֵĿԶּ״̬
ࡪĿǰ״̬ƺֻҪԪܡ
诲ʲô¡
Ȼһֵҵ𣬾һҪתߡ
š
诿ԱӢĺַꡣ
Ŵ׵ķ׺ͺɫֱͲ㣬ڸסͣȴǰ¶׳Сۡ
޵ɥټһЩĺഺĴѧˡ
ȻѧҲиͣյҲǲԡ
诺Ȼ˷

ȻûĸоӶʲôֻߵıҲ֪뵽ʲô˵¡
诣ֻ룬ħվǰʱӦûת㡣
ħıܣЩԪܡӵԪ֮ĻǻʱǶ᱾Ҫ֮תɾ
诣ҿ㣬뷨ȫеģƩ˵ǵĻ˵һԼȥԱ֮ģҵ뷨
ȥЩ㵡
ʵҲǵһ⣬ӶǰͱʾͣÿεӦԶ⡣
Ҳ⡣
ַ꼸ʶƲͷȥĶٴЩ졣
ӢͦĲڵƹĽëƺҲ΢΢
㲻ϲĻģǵǿٻ
գգۣע⵽ԷֿʼȻˣ٣Ҿôһ˵ֻ˵˵ҵ뷨ҷҪôųĻ
ڻعˡ
ллûС
ַ꽩Ӳ˵ллô˵
٣ô£
Դվ߳һƷԱ
ſտҲͣλĴأǻŪǵƽۣ
ţ
һԴŶǸǸʧ󡣡
ոֱӽɴӽ˴ռǶͣλļ۶һ˳ˣڵϻźۼ
诣Ըҿ˵ⲿֵʧ⳥
Լ˻Ѿⶳˡ
ǸԱ˵ͷðɡ
ٿͣλϵ״ʶⲻԼǵҶԷ̬ãҲûʲô˵ġ
诸߽Դվķֹ̨վһͷˣںƷԱ˵
诣
һֱܸӦﻹиҵĸֻ֣Ǽŷˡ
ðɡ
Ҳ㲻Ϻ졣
ⲻԼʧ֮ӳë𣿣
ëҲע⵽ţϲ
诵лԱԱӹݰ壬˵ϰ𣿡
ǰҸջûá
ëͷȥҲ˵ԱߵԱ˶Ŀ
诸Ǯ뿪Դվ

ͷһۣǸϰҲǽŵˣ
Щ⣬㲻֪
诣ţ
ðɣս֧߸µˣΪ֪ΪӦǼİɣʱ򡪡
诣ȷʵΪš
ë죬ҲֻǼΣ֪˴˵ݡ
诣֮ǰʱûпһܲµϾӦþǽ̵ġѡ
˼䡣
诱ͨתһעȴֲǺá
һֱӦԪ˵Ĵڡ
ǳꡣ
С
סԱߵˣ߰ɣȥϼ̲סɱʥ֮ǰ
һֻصԭȳĵطڰ칫¥ǰĹ㳡ϡ
ʱĳлƻ轥ĺɫȾͣؾɣڴ¥ĲĻǽϻһƬ⵹Ӱ
Ҫſˡ
ĸ֪׼ξͬĴڡ
һ˲ƹʱ׼β
׼λˣ֪ػ߸µλá
ţʶ׼ҲӦԼ
ʲôأ
˱öŮ
׼Ѿˡ
诶ٶȺ⣬ԼҲԪˣԪ
֪
׼ε˵ͷԴʶԼ˭ȫʹʱǾͶ֪ˡ
ǡȻָںϹԪܵľǡ
ϾǵԪܶǴӻߵģȻܸӦġ
诣ǡ
ȵȡ
Ȼʹͨ
ͨĵ˳ƴʣȫͬĴʡ
诣ΪʲôҪá
ոںԪܣⷽ滹Уʱپһ㣬ܸӦĴڡ
诣Ԫ壿


167 
Ԫ塣Ԫˡ
׼̯, ôⶼС
⻰ȥ൱֣ȻΪˣΪһħ˺Ľ, ̾ʹŲµ
ⲻԪ˱˵⣬ҲԪ˵⣬ǽڶ֮䡣
ǸӵеĹԪ˵ļ䣬ҲЩӵһ, ֪ЩȥĴ, ǺΪʱľȻǲͬġ
Цһ, ֵԳԪˣҲͬҪˡ
ҲС
ֹԼĽһΪ
Ȼûϵ, Ҳ̫ô
׼״˵, 㲻һùԪ, Ͼʱ򣬾ûܵκƻ
ţԪ˲
诽ӿڵ, ֪ϵ˵˵˼, һ˳ܡ
Ȼⲻص㡣
诣ҲԪ, ҲոԪ, ھ״̬Ͳ̫ȶ, ոմǻ, Ҽħ˲ˡ
ġ
׼ͷǶʱ, , 㻹һҶԻ, Ǿ˵ѵʱͦˡ
̾˿
⣬Ķջûôǿ
课תҴӦҳΪ֮ҪΪһ¡
׼΢΢ü
诣ҲһرҪɣҪԽҲҪ㣬˵ŵˣֹһεذң
׼οӶ⣬Ҳ˳ˮ۵ػ˻⣬˵սǰɺϡ
诣
ɻУ
̵Ĵʹǻһ׼򡪡ǱλΪˣֻҪǿħˣʱÿʹ߶ǡ
Աߵ͵
ֲһ䣬Ȼйٺ㣬ɱ£ļҲɱ㡣
ѡߣǾ൱ڶλΪˡ
诶ˡ
诣ʧֵ֮طǰǿߣҲȥҲսǹȥҵģֻΪ¹ĳƩҾҪæ֮ġ
ڿҲԼˡ
ȻŽĳԾǱӻܹħˣ˵ͨˡ
诣Ԫչ¶Ҳһܵ𣿡
׼δӷ¿ڴ̺Уһҧָ֮⡣
ҲӦñһ㣬ΪʱˣͻϰֽƺͿ
ͣͣħ˵ıܣ֧ħ˵һС
׼΢΢̧ͷ˪ĵɫȻ¶ȣȴĳ״̬ޡ
ĺܳһʱ㶼ҪԿֱ㳹ϰ
ܽ
诳Ĭ
诣ˣǴۡһﶼƽġ
ǲǧɵɣһϦ֮ȡάȵ˷˵Ĵڡ
ĳֽǶ˵Ҳֻһʼ
诣ԣ˵֮ǰԼϣΪʲô
׼βʣ֪֮Ϊʲôѡ𣿡
ӵ˹صļ䣬Ȼ֪𰸣Ϊϲߣǿһࡣ
ӵ㹻صܣʵ֣ħ˾͹ˡ
Ѱкܶȼʵ㹻ԪܣԼԪܵôꡪħ
صģǽ̬ħ+صһܡ
诣Լĸʵǹ࣬ڵһμʱһȻһǺܻãΪҶ˽ޣҲҲһ׷ӵĳɡ
󻥶Ŀϡ
ߵӰʵơ
ǡӰʡ
ϣǰٷְٱЧġ
һ£ħͻһĴˡ
诣ѰҵĶҲԪ㹻ģټЩ֮һҡ

΢Цһ£ȻͲµḴҲδκβ졣
诣һ֪ػ߸£ʱңҲµһḴҵĹԽ࣬ҾԽȱ֮ٻٱ˽ȵǵĿԣţлл
׼ξ꣬ÿ۱μ룬ҲҪƾԼı´֮
Ȼ˿̣ң˭ء
诺ؿָķ棿
Ȼ׼Ϊһ£ڵļǣλƷȨˣǶ㹻ǰ£ƾʱ
ʯ
׼ൽܽħֱٻ硣
课ˡ
ȻǷսʥ㹻ʯ˳˯ȥ˹ͨͬʯĳַӲٻ
诣Ȼɱ
Աߵͷǰһ£ûɱǸ
ĳ̶ֳһµսˡ
诣Ч
׼û˵ǻشǵģҲȫǣͬʯĳЩߵİ£λĺǽ档
Ȼҵĳħ
ԸйأҲԸðƥ˹˳еַաΪһʧˣħ˲ݿЩϵ
ɴ໻޼ɵսĵطʹʧҲֻԼˡ
诺һŶأ
׼ٴηʣΪ󲿷˼Ϊʲô
诶ˡ
ſ϶ҲһЩħüɡٻħķȵȣ˼벻ΪֻǵҪǿˡ
׼δִ̫֮Ҳ
ָܵ㣬ͻʡȥ·ԪܷҲˡ
ȻṩȻޣ˭ɱҪԼı£ϾھȻǹԮġ
׼οһۣﾭʲô
课˼ӣ˵žҳĹȥܶҼΪǾҵĻ䣬ΪǱûȻʶǲġ
׼΢΢ףƺҲ⡣
诣أ㾭ͬ𣿡
ÿٵĿǲͬġ
׼βûֱӻش𣬡Щ׷ϵеˣʱͻʧȷʹаıǻ᲻ϷңȻͼЩǷҵĶ
˼صͷ
ЩһʹĹȥĥʹͻҲԴĳΪǰǳڰûС
诣Ƕħ
ħǻԺ;ҲƵĿ飬ϾֻҪ࣬Чġοħħ˹֮ȻҲ׳ԼѪ⡣
诣ȥԵЩֲôˡ
׼βÿɷ
ƺҲԼʲô
ҲͲȥ׷ˡ
诣֮ҵİⱾǽڲԱĸԣڣҲѯ㣬㾿Ҫʲô

ʥ
ԪǽȻ٣ǵķӡڡ
ʮĽӣƺƵƬȻֻȷ沿ӣҲװŽĺ͸ͨѶװʩ䴬
ǰǶʱĶսʥħҲࡣ
ЩнˣҲһʣµħսһռĴǹԭЩݻٵͨѶмվ
ڶ̶̼СʱʱѾʮű޸ʥһСƬشȻǡ
ɸոմӼ֮뿪
Ǹ˲诡ȷһͺԥسȥˣǸ˺֮սȤ
ȻֻǶ̶̵һ˲ٴλصʵ磬Ѿ֮
ûмȥһΪѾо֮ˡ
Ԫܱĳˡ
ԭԸܵǲĴڡϾǴԼϰģȫȫʧˣȻѾһںϡ
ҪٴθӦҪǸһΧˡ
ǻ
ϣǵġ
ҲûԭֻһֱһֱҪǿôʹԸ
ϣʵˡ
ٴνźŸǵĵطȴȻûпԶѵϢظ
ҪôЩ˺ţҪôˣҪôȻ޷鿴ͻظ״̬
˵ʵ̫Ըмֿԣʵ˵ȥϾһͨʱ򡪡
ȵȡ
Ϊ˲סܴӦ¶ȡ˹ͨϧ¶ߣɲƻκһ
Ϊ
ֹһΣÿжǰиģļƻȻһпʼܾͻס
ֻΪǵһٴγƻ
ɼǽʾ֭ŻûʲôĿܡ
ԼǷڶȷЩҪôûʾҪôҲǿڷѡǷʾ
ðɡ
һͨʱźźܲҲһβ̸֮ʱ׷Ǹ
֮仹й̸໹߻೰βģһҪƽࡣ
ɼץЩʱȻӦ˸ħߵԪܡ

ڸ֪ΧڿԷʱŻǸˡ
ȻһӷɫɫԼԪ˵ɱϳ˶Էݡ

׷һŻǻţץЩ۵ĹԣԱߵͶӰʱʱ֣ƺźŲѡ
Χǵɫļʯɵĵ棬Ĵʯĺۼӿݰ͹ƽ
īɫϷϡ䵭Ĺâ
̺Ȼͣ½Ų
Ҳĳ˵Ӱ
ϸ˵Ҳ죬ֻйôκϵҴԶϵĴǲࡣ
Ҳһֱʥˡ
׷˵ǲǸùϲɱ̰֮Ҳ㶯ְɡ
ú鱨ӳƤĹԡ
̿ȥЩԻ󣬡ҪҵĹԣ
ɲòԷͬ⣬ֻ֪ͨԷһ䡣
һ룬׷ĹѾʧˡ
̣
ҲҲûȥȻɢɢվԭأ²ԽԽˡ
ɲֱĴڡ
Ȼһ۾Ϳ̽ĳ˵Ϣö
Ǹƶ˹ġİ۵ǳԱߣһСŮѡıע
ɣ


168 
课صȴŴ𰸡
ʲô̬Ҫ, Ϊһ̶ζԷҲΪʵš
һ̣׼ĸ֪, 翵ĴˣǸоͬϤδ֪Ϳֲ
ٴһܣ̿϶Ȼͬ
ȻֻǶԷʤ
ͬ, ոռ˺Ѵܼˡ˶ħǰ¡
ںԪ, չһСʱ, δشùЩϵͬĸ֡
ǿǴӶǰ;ˡ
ʵ˵Ҳ൱Ķ֣ʹע, Ҳ֮ǰһǱ޷֮ˡ
ʲô, 诶׼ˡ
, ǱʶöԷرֵġԼΪѵҪ
Ȼ׼赭дؿˣҽ⿪һӡ
诶ʱͷʺš
诣Ǳӡ״̬ΪʲôҸо
Ϊַӡ, ֻң˩
׼ƽ˵˩סһֻ, ֻҪӹ, ĻΧ, ʵҲı䡣, ûо, ֻ㻹ûʼȥо
诣ðɡ
֮顣
Ȼ׼޷Լ⿪ӡ
ӡҪʵܽ⿪
ôɱ˿
׼κ;߼ֵ̫֮Ĺϵ, ܹ, ѵ׼κ֧ߵĹϵҲã
诽˳

׼ҡҡͷ, ﻹһֻҿֱӸ㣬϶ͬķӡ
üһ
ٴˣΪʲôʲô˷ӡ𣿻ĺ֢
ӡ˲뿪棿
ħȷʵڲͬλﴩ
֮ļ䣬֪Ƕ˵Ǳܵľٶٵ͵ĶҲһʳķ
ɵֻǲԪܣħӵеȫ
ֻ֪ҪȥƬռ䣬ͨž
ʧ֮ܵĳڣƺҲͨġ
诣ֻܽ⿪ֻҪǶ
׼Σֻ㡣һ֪µģֻһε֪ܽ⿪
üҲǡ
׼εͷܲܲݸʣܲ޸ʵܲԤ֪δ
诣
ǰ߷ֱӦйٵ
һ
ϣò˵ȷʵ֪δᷢĳЩ¡
νԤ֪δ
׼̾˿棬֪δᷢʲô£԰ɣ
ûб飬ȴκˡ
һлĳĽͣҿԸ㣬ôģǾԲࡣ
׼ֵȼһ̡
Ѹٸ˶ԷĽࡣ
ԣԼΪԼһС˵ʵˣ
ȷʵ̫С˵ûἰĶνʲôأ
诣֪𣿡
׼һ̣֪Ԥĳδϣδ⼸һĴʧȥһЩġѡߡ
诣
۵̫ˡ
Լʱ֪뿪ʱ㣬ƺǶԲϵġ
ȵȡ
ͬҲʱٲ죿
˵ͨ
ƩԼǱֻ˼Сʱ߿ʮꡣ
֪޸ʵ´ʧȥܣܽˡ
Ͼʱڵ߼࣬ԶԶûܵˣȻûʱ䣬ƺȺ塣
Ȼûëǵĳ̶ȣҲԶûܵˡ
֪ΪʲôҪô
׼θ𰸡
ΪҪֹͣս
˶ۣڴʧȥ֮սȷʵѸٱƽϢˣ沶ԵħԽԽ٣ʥܿ챻
֪Ԥδиǿ˳֣Щ˲ܣʹħ˵
ΪЩ˲ǽսĹؼ
֮⣬ҪƺעҪ棬ҪЩѡߡ
诣ҺЩʲô׼ѡģֻǽ֮𣿡
׼ΣбжΪʺϽԪܣħ﷢İɡҲµģϾʱûвµ
ǲߣ֪ҲޣҲ֡
׼Σָ֪еѡߣǽ֮ÿ˶ܿһֹڡԼδ
诣
֪˵ֻЩˣӵиı˶ֻܱڰźõľ籾
ֻܼϣǡ
Щѡ߲ͬʱִġ
Բͬ棬ͬλʱٲͬ硣
ӵһ磬һ磬ǰǰɵġ
Ϊÿһ˶ܡԼδÿһ˶Ǹδⶼᷢı䡣
˵׼οһԱ˼ĹӶҲҲɡ
εص˵ͷ
˵ԥϲ͡
ǣǸŸ޴ᡢҪʧȵʹŰδҲҪ
诣ûȡԭˣôҿЩδȷʵҲᷢ
ϸ˵㲻ǡȡ
׼һһ˵ˣֻǵõһոʧȥ塣
诣Ϊʲôȵȣҵʱһ¡
תһߵĳϣʼӵеȫ䡣
ǰΪǰܵˣȷʵȥ
ԪǿԿһЩ䡣
׼ҲżԱһһڵ̡
ĬĬߵۻǰִ˴ڣʱһ֪ͨʾǽھʮŸ˿ͣѳһĻ
Ȼһбһˡ
Ϊ㲻ϲġ
׼Ƴһۡ
Ҳǲϲ
ڳεĿϣҲ֪Ұ֣ԸҳκһĶҳԳҪ໨ǮҺҲûгЩϰˡ

ҵһЩӵļ䡣
ڳ֮ǰǰˤһӣȻͰˤûˣԼ
Ͽ˱ˤˣȻǹָܻߣˤһˤƺЩ˵ȥ
ϸˤ֮ǰػ䡣
Ʃǰڼչ˺ԥƩǰԥӷɴкϳ·ڶķش˻֮⣬и޺С
ǰͼȺԥʱ򣬴ŵķĤױƬˣȻһƬУʲôҧһڡ
ΪһԴߣżªװֻǱʲôҧ֣ʵǼҳ㷹
ΪʣСҲ̫⣬ȥ˷ҽ
ϸȥ䵽ʲôҧǰ
ԡ
ʱһζӰӣȥҧ˵ĳӣĳųβ̵Ķ
ħЫ
ҺѪܣ˽״̬ͨߵҲ޷תֻӻʱ䡣
ʱȵȻԣǰû⣬Ҳ֪ǻĺΪ
૵˵ΪޣóڰĻϣ߱ûֶϲ
ԼܽҲΪӶȥᡣ
Ӧһ·ǵ˽ӳġ
׼ε˵ԭǸ˲ȥߣ׷ɱ²׷ɱ˭
סˡ
诣һѡжˡ
׼ס
ЧӦ
ӵһ˽ٿʼЧӦͲˡ
һСС¼һӦοһȺ˵һ¼
¼Ӷس֣ߵľ޴仯
ǰᱻһֻóҧЩЧӦ֮ܺһ
羿ηչ֪˲֪Ĵˣֻܿ仯֮״
֪ΪһȺʿĵܸıĳ͸Ľ֣ôһҲ֪ܻᵼһЩɥ
Ȼֻڵ糵ˡ
诣ðɣΪʲôһõһԭƣַ壿ɺ𣿡
׼һ̣֪ۣĳͬλ壬ƵòķܾȫͬҲֻڴԽڵϡ
̾ϢһҶˡ֪չʾδҪȥıôѡأҲԲͬ棬ǡ
ˡ
׼˵һ֮ǲҲкܶξһľ
诣ǿ̫ˡ
ôɰʱֻһˣ龰ൽ塣
ͦˣûУʵйϵҲйϵ
׼ĵ˵Ҳеˣٻڡ
诵˵ͷллΪʲô˱ǣ˵û֪˵ݣ
ôţɫȻЩ仯
Һ̫֮ⷽвͬΪҪǵıַܻҲɱ
׼ͣһ£˵Ҳȷʵк̵ܶĳԱֻǴ˭
ʹǶѡߵ¶һ֪ģȻΪԵȥⱣʲôˡ
׼ζ˵ԣ㣬ԲΪ
诣١ǹȥˡûңֻǡлңԼ˵ġ
׼̯֣ҿû˵ʲô˵֡
诰һۡ


169 
ԵĻ, ɿ϶Ѿһʱ佫Իʬ𼣡
Ŷ
ǰǸë
ţһĿʮеѸٿǵĶԻ
ڼ佪ҲûʲôƺҲ׼Իߴ
ɲ֡
鱨ⷽ൱, ڱǿǰ϶ǲִ¡
ɷ¼мкܶȻЩ̸ݸû¼, ֻܿй
Ϣƽ, ǼЦƵĵ顣
鱨һʲô, ƽʱͱ˵ҲòȥȻ⿴Ȼʮֲˬ
, ǶǷ֮ǰ, ʱƺû
Եĳ嶯, ִ⼸ֶࡣ
ȻҪôʱûϵҪôǽ̰ǵ¼ɾˡ
ھ, ǾҪԷļˡ
̧ͷ
˶һۡ
ǾͲˡ
׷Ƶ˵ţֱǵİ׹, â۳ϸĴ̽, 欵ڽӡ
΢б, ָɳĽɫʯء
֪ʲô, ҵļǺ, ǺҵСŮѵЩ
Ƕǻ켣ǵˣҼ²֪ٻء
ȻϵȥǴԷԼ¡
ֻжʾܾˡ
Щ̵ؿ˶Էһۡ
鱨һֱʵ, Ԫܴ, ֱ, ֪Էʲô
ҲҪ
֮£Լ˵вһӶҪͿԷסԷԪܡ
Ȼ̺ûҪħ
ϸĴ̽ڵϡ
һ룬ǽµǧѺۣȵĻڶϯССȻѿ
ڿҵ֮У΢΢ͷ
ķ˿ɢҷɾ覵ϣֳһһɫࡣ
Щϸ֦ճһ˵״ܿһֿųȡһŻĶ
ߡ
Ѿ֪дʹߵĴͼʱȻҲϳԷݡ
ǿЦ
Ҳʶֹһ꣬ͼıŵĴʹôڰϣ
ԼҪǡ
ЩҵϵĽףý̻ѡսҲ˿Ͼ鱨Ǻϧġ
֮ҪһȻЩ֪ļ䡣
˵ΪЩ䣬ֱӺƴˣ߽ûв˼仹⡣
ζʲô
ζʲô
ɺȻոնԷеġҺҵСŮѵЩδ֮Կȥǹ⼤ŭԼȻϸ룬滰
ˡ
ˡ

̶̼ʱ䣬һսѾˡ
ɱˣһ˲ͻᱻȼ˷ٳɽ̿ǿĳ֮зǡ
Ȼɺ
ˣ˶Էݡ
ƾոǸ
͵бһЩûֵδ֪Ŀ꣬һЩûģĴţֻĳܵ
˵ͨǷǳǳģ˵϶һ޶֡
Ʃ˵ӵһɱ߸¡
⿴ȥǹƻʵȷʵٷְٵĹ࣬ΪĹֱӴӸʹĿ״̬
޿ɵֵ޿ɷ
乥˲
ȻҲǼģǹĿ걻趨ΪҲ˲ҷ
ֻܱͬΪ⣬Ǳ˭ǿˡ
ҲȻܡ
ֻҪܣͻᱻԪЧͬìͶܵĹϵ
Щ˵㹻ǿͻԪܵķ
ȻħӵеġǲԪ˵ԪܣͲٱƷˡ
ԣľǡ
ʹܻ̿Ҳ޷˺ּˡ
Ȼ鱨ӱһ١
ǹȭߣǱԪѹһ飬ȫѾȻġ
ֱ֮Ԫѹ޷ٽħ״̬
̽Ӵľǣͬҳ㷹Ҳ𾪿־߸еˡ
ǡ档
׷꿴ſڵϣ˵ǺϻٴΣеڵİɡ

˵
ͷòһϢ鱨ӣ˿ΪϾּĸˡ
Ҳһ
ûôں̵ĴʹһǺԼйϵ
ʵҲûпȥô㡣
֪ɹƲԼȻڿҲɱԼҪԼõһЩϢ
鱨ӻƶϳԷҪʲôò׼λĺ龿ʲô̬
诺Ķѷֿ֮ҲƵ֮¡
Ҳ֪ӶڴʱôദģǵԼһ²۹ɣǶԼµĲࡣ
ֻǿǵǰЩ£Ӷܻ֮ҪһЩ
嵽ʲô̶ȣҲ
Ϊ𡣡
ɺȻЦſڣԼЩûĶֹܲҡ

ҲЦһҾãϾڻκҪĻ档
û˵ֻĹԷ˸Ϣ
ý̵˺š
ȻλǳƵĶѣȻûлظ
촰ڿҲδʾκΡԷ롱
˵ʵҾҪĲңΪĲҡ
̾˿϶Ҳֲں˭ϾܵĻͲ䵽־ˡ
Ȼ
⣿⻹׻
ɺȷ鱨Ӳʲô
ΪԼûܼʱָܣûѱףʵǣԼ֮⣬诶֪ࡣ
ǰһˡ
ǡĳ΢ĽǶϣ˵ĻҲ޵
ȻɲԸȥϸ룬ΪζţԼʲôֵС
ȻǰİëͶȻЩϵģԸȥԻĹϵ
Ȼһ˵Ѿĳˣȴֺ鱨֮ЩϵĻǲζûرǸˡ
֮Ѿˡ
ʵϣɼѾȷνĳ˭ĲԸȥϸ£ΪǲԼƤ·ġ
㿴Լ뷨һоͶˡ
˼ȥһжǺԥĴ
պĲȥʯǾʲô¶ûˣ
ɵͷһۡ
̶˫ɭȻûаη壬˵ģֵܡ
鱨̾˿ǰһֺƴõ֪ͣǸжôտһһ
ǿ˲ԺǿнЩҹļӴϢȡ
̵Ȼֹ
ӡ
̣üһ㻹ȴһҲɷѿˡ
û˵
ֻ˶ݵĻ档
ڸ˹³С۵ǵ˺ڷ۵ĹӶ
һ룬ڷŮץס˵죬Ŵ˹
ŵĺʯ˫˳̵Ľëǵս·ȼܽڻ⡣
ɣ
˵ʵԽҲ׼ⲻڿһĻʱ򲻻
ϾûԴԼ
ּշԼֲĽȴӿ̰Ŀ
ÿ˵ϵİ׷ꡣ


170 
׼αʾ, ˵ʹͽǲֱȥӴѡߣҲʹȥӴ
ҲǷӡԼһ֡
Ȼ, ĳɵڵϣ㡣
ֻ̯֣Ҫᵽ־ˡ
ˣ̶԰ɡ
š
ڷŮ˵ͷ, Ϊʲôȥ, Ҳ֪Ϊĳ, ĶνȻ, ʶˡ
һϵɺϡ
ô, ô, ʹܹôҲδڶ̶ʶλ
Ѿˡ
Ǻԥȥģ˵Լ޹, Ȼ֪ԼŻΪ̸ṩ鱨
ŵʶۺ磬͵ħ¼
׼΢΢, Ȼ, ѡ, ûġԼȥ
ǵĳ
Ħ˶ħҪɱԼ, ħǺħ˹, ȷʵͽûʵϵĹϵ
ȻԼײƵ׼Ρ
Ȼ׼ҲΪԼȥǸ

һ޶ڵɺϡ
ҵڶμȻ˵Լ֮ǰ, ԼۺתҪ׼εԸ
ʵԼˡ
Ȼ׼θ, ָ֪ǵʱ, Ҳһ̶ȵľʾߣÿ˶ԶһԼ߼ȥԲ
诣ԭˡ
ԼΪһ顣
ԭĿһ˴һС˵Ĺ¡
֪ȻҲ֪һ㡣
ʱ˳һٵļ䣬ΪԼĿһΪǼŰ顣
ΪͽӴģԵ顱ԼϵʱȻ𾪣Ҳܽܵġ
ȻԽ˶ιδϢȻܸ룬ҲڻԼˡ
֪⡣
ǰͬ磬ѡÿһѡߣȻ໨ʱȥ¡
诣
һﻹ֡
ִ߿²ܣȫħʱͻᱻ
֪Ȼǰ棬ôϵҲġ
诣ôȷѡߣ
֪ѡ˽棬ǵȻ֪
׼˵⻰Ŀǲ̫죬ֻ̫֮ĴʹǼͳߣĵϳѡߣǾͻȫȫˣȥӽ
说֪νġǡָʹͽȻǾ仰ȥЩˡ
诣ֵ̫֮ĴʹǶͳߣΪ뾡ܿѡߣ
ǸҰĵˣ˵뵱ʵԣǺ
׼ЩֻһЩԣŷǷǳȤңЩ˵ʲô£ʱ˶ĵģΪ˵ܵãǴˣҲʹ·ˡ
诸ոսЩˡķ룬ܶ¶ȤҲ׶Է˼
ܳΪˣ˵Ҳ̫̰Ȩƣ˵κγ֮ﱧִ׾ڽ·ꪳɳˡ
οȨܴͨ˵һУЩ˶׵õûжӦݡ
ĴʹȥȨһӲ̫ʹʵڲʺϵԱ֮⣬˶൱ûʵݣΡ
׼ε˵ΪҰģҰûˣֻ뿪棬ȻΪ˵ȴѡߵĵ
诳Ĭˡ
诣ȥֻ˵֪ˢӡ
һȻħ˺ˣ
诣һΪǿߣںԪܶ˵ʲôսء
ǡǡ෴
׼ηȣֻǵʱǿ֮һҲ࣬˻ܹ˲ҪԪܾͿ뿪棬ȻҲᱻħš
Щǿ˵ħҲνù򲻹·Ͷˡ
֪û·˽š
ΣΪ̫࣬ŻĽܡ
˵Ҫô㹻ᶨҪô㹻Įĸǣ׶ҡҲױȾ
׼ͣһ£ʵԾʤҺ̫֣֮͡ǵеһӡһˡ
ˡ
ףдǵ˶԰ɣҲǣҲΪδϾ˿뿪
Ȼᳰ֪Ϊ뷨Ͼȷʵΰ󣬶ˣøɸɾˡ
ڶ
诣ϧħ˺ˣлĻҲ˵ʲôˡ
׼ʼ硣
ʲôϧϾ֪ķӡϣô꣬˵ԴԹ
ҲͲ̸ˡ
诣ÿѡ߿δǺصġ
Ƕᱻһ̶󵼣ΪĳٵĶ
С˵ӰһϷ
诣֪ҿδ𣿡
׼Ͷһ˵ʲô񣬡Ҳ֪Ҳ㲻ϲ㲻ֱӴӻǰǣǵʱʵΪڰ߻鷢
ԵĬˡ
׼ֿһۣ㿴δﲢụ̂԰ɡ
ҡҡͷǸδҺͽûǣҲʶǡ
׼β⣬вֹһѡߣǿδһصġ
ŽţҲҵĳʹߣ˽š
ʹͽȻֱܷ˭ѡߣԷȥչˣͲΥˡ
ȻʹǸָ㣬ҲȻڽװʱתسΪʧǵħˡ
µĽ̫֮ɱ
诣Ǹѡ֪ĳδǰ£ѡֵ̫֮ϼ𡣡
š
诣ҲһʧǸΪʲôѡ㡣
׼Цǵ֣ʤվǰӦҪΪҽӡҾûʲôʧġ
诣
Ҳԡ
诣ص㲻Ǽ̣ӵ֪ҿ͹ϷǼɹԪܣܳΪ֪ҿδֻһС֣ԶԶȲλ֪£
ֻڡϾҾ㲻Ҫͬʱ䣬Ϳܵϸϳ
׼൱˵
ȥǰο߹Ϊر侲ƽ˵ʲôһᷢ¡
ҡ
׼˵ֻںԪܣܸҽ⿪ӡⲻǳΪ֪ıҪϾһ֪λʱûԪܵġ
Ǻ϶ΪһˣȻˡ
֪Ԥԣһ֪ҪĳѡߣΪֻѡ߲ҪӵпƸʺ޸ʵ
ھͨ;ЩǾѡԼˡ
֪϶ֻһ˲ܴﵽ׼
Ҳȷʵû˵
诶ˣΪԤ֪֪һ죬϶Ҳ֪оǵʵԸ˷ӡȴţĳѡɱͷǡ
͵뵽һ¡
Ӧ׼ԼӵоʵҪΪһ£׼Ҳʾ¾Ϊӡ
诣ȵȣʹͽҲзӡֻѡ߽ҡ
׼ʼ磬ֻҪΪҽʲô¡
诶ʱͷߣǲ𣿡
׼ζɨһۣ֧߿ܲǸӡ̫֣֮Իġ
Ȼںλͬ»Ρ
׼ΪԼ֪߲̫ܺͷΡ֮ԼˣΪṩһЩָ⡣
˻᲻诣Լֻ֮ĽףǾͲĵˡ
ҲԣʱҲԶ߸߷ˡ
²۵ðɣ˵ӡʲôȻоһô
ԱߵЩؿһۡ
Ϊֱѯʽķ
ڿҪôΪ׼Ҳ֪ҪôǳڶֵźͽԼ¡
Ȼ󣬹Ӷоעӣƫͷգգۡ
˫ĺһ¡
Ѿʧˡ

ֱӽʧ֮
Ȼ̱ȿȥҪ鷳ΪﲢûصƬռ䣬Ҫƶʧ֮ڴ
ھǼĴ˵໨ʱһӶ
诽һƬ԰׵磬ĴĺңЩѵĲʯͬһµԼر鲼ڿޱ޼ʵĹռ
ûħˡ
˿оħ˻ԪϢ˵һʱڶûħ
ңɱ֮ԼԼоһЩħʧˡ
Ҫ֮ľǡЩתħ˵ġǵʹڶ֮󣬺ǵѣǾͻֱ
Щԭħ˵ľֻܲǻᱻȫԪܺ
ЩħˣҲܵӰС
̰֮Ҳˣʧ϶սõһ仯ҿ϶Ȼںĳս
˼ǿʼɣ
׼΢΢ס
ǰ˲ûиı̬
ȻרעʱܸоԼеƺڽ仯
Ǻڷ۵ķiȻڣڸ֪Χڣȴ·ٵĻ䱳ֳŵĺӰԵš
ֿ˼ӣźӰҲ
诣ɱǸһȱ߿ϳֵĴ
׼κܵҸ˱ȽţӱЩҲܶá֡ȥ
ȷʵ
ϸ۲һźӰ״Խóϸխֱѩױ߿򹹽һĳΣ߿ϻиơ
˵ţ˵ſΪ׼ȷΪûűĴڣпմֻһС
ֻһۣоĳεס塣
סľȻʶǰק·һҪ׾׵Ԩ
ϧ
û
ܸܵ޷Ӱ
ΪǶͬȼĴڡ
Ȼȥš
֫壬ЩֱȽţЩ֫Щ״ӹĶԼû塣
ǴŤεġҪôǲȱġǱ˿еһ飬Щչʾʵ˿ڣϵŸɫѪҺ
Һֱоߡ
诿ʱԽãЩϸھԽļ䷭ӿܱϳһЩ֫徿ʲôˡ
ǲλ񣬱ħ˻˼԰ȻΪʳ
ԺǵƣȻԼԣΪЩ֮ļ
϶ص㡣
ֶŹ۲ãڿһЩĶ
ЩӿĻҰɫƺ̲һ׹⣬·һ΢Сġڱεǳ
һâ֮󣬽žʶһһĴڣǴӰɫ˷չĩʧſ򸽽ǽһ
һʱûж
һֻɼ̳֪˽ķӡ
Ȼ֪Щڡ顱Ϣ֮⣬Ҳоʲôˡ
ǲһıƩԼȥǸӡʲôĺ
ȻȻͬȵĴڣǸͨ˿һۿܾѵţԸв
ȷǸӡڣԼ߽ȥҲܵκ˺
౻͵ĳδ֪λ
ҳ׼ȥĳط㽫ġ
˵һά磬˶Ƕ磬Ҳ˵һ棬ﶼǷɵġ
ȵȡ
׼κȻˣҪ೤ʱ䡣
诿ûش⣬ڲȷҪоһ¡
һ££
˵Ͳˡ
ʼ硣
Ȼżν
ɵسƬռ䣬صǵĹ㳡ϣַ꿿ųΣͷճ
ʱʵֹȥ֪á
ĺɫĺϣѪȾƵϼӿϦ׹ûƺ֮С
΢΢۾ĲߣЩ
ͷҪһԱ𣿡
üð
䣬ԱߵԶۻһ洫ϡﻩ춯ƺкüбһӿλϵ
գգۣĲøǮ𡣡
΢ЦſһۣƬطҵĲҵԣԼԼԡ
ȥܵȻһ˵һοů죬һʱֲȾΪʲô

ʥ
Ĳк䣬ԪܼСռ˻ڶš
ɣ
ʱڿܵòĻˣ˵ʵҲ̫ˡ
ȻҲ֪Լոһ˲䱻Է͵Ϯĺ⻰ҲţҲ֪
ȷʵ֪诵ľλá
ȥˡ
Į˵
ӦòǿЦġ
һ˲䣬ȷʵþȫ˵׼
Ȼ͸ӦԪӵ𶯡
ֱǿڿײεԪܾ쫷磬շ·𶼱˺ѣеʽṹڱƻ
ǿҵĻϢϯ̼˷Բǧڵǿգͬ
Ǳꡣ
дɢöŮ
ԪܶԳ壬ɵĺ
ԭĲкʧһɶƬռ䶼飬ռҲţʱʱܿ¶϶
ǿֳԪܱϣȱڿնֱӸŵߡ
̧ͷ
иڷ۵ŮվǰŰİëˡ


171 
, ڷŮ˻˴ƫƫƿȥһֻС
ȫû¶ж
¾Ȼʱ, һΪ㲻Ҫء
ɶʱ֪Ǹͷ˭ˡ
ߵϼ
Ҳйٵϼ
ػߡʹͽ֮һҲǾбˡ
ȻͨбдĲʣ, Ϊһοɱս
һ˹ϵзϵͳ, ǧս, ƽ̨ʮս, ȫһ˲ҷ
ڲսˡ
ʮӵԪܵĸ, ħøɸɾ

ǳؿƼܲڵ, ԼĵطҲǿ¡ϳ
ʮǰ뿪ʵҵһ, Ҳƺŵһա
˵ǰܻԴôһȤȫŪԼҲûĺġ
޷˺Ϳ¡г
Ҳǡ
ڷŮ˶˼, Ȼؿ, δƻҴߡ
ɺһۡ
ػߵɱ, ʵǰǻǾ, ǸСӡ
ٴ˵, ʱҲǸ꣬ʵ, ͬˡ

ʼվԼӦüȥʮ, ԺͻһֱصŶǾԵ׵ĳ
ȥʮ֮, ҲֻмˣͬʱһѧУֻǲͬ꼶ֲࡣ
Щͷʯûеػ̸߽
ɣ¡ԭ򣿡
⻰źûͷûβʵǶףػ߱ҲδƻܺߣȻɱһ
ɥĿ¡壬ʵĿĹߡ
׼βϣֻ˼ؿҸӦԪϢ㡪
ɱʱ˾
¡ĸֺףҪøʹһЩԶ໨˵ʱ䡣
ڼ䣬Ҳһֱ޸ܵĳԪܵĴڣͺǸһһ
ϸȥоֱ棬ǲͬġ
Һܿ죬ԪܵϢʧˣԷ⽫֮һ
ȻֵõϢδƻһʵҲըˣʵƷʣ¼š
ʱ׼̾뵽࣬ΪԼܵԪܣĳʵ塣
˿ܷħ˵ͨʲôʽõԪܡ
ʵһȫߣǵĻҲᱻǿʯܡ
ԣЩоԱ˵ʵǿ֫ħսȡԪܣҲȫпܡ
ʵϣͼһĻ
ֹһΡ
ֻЩ˵³̫ã˵ħ˶ȡԪܣ󲿷˷С
ǵֻǸλȻоԱֻʵ壬һֻǱְˡ
ȻܵԪܣڶʱڴΪǸ¿ɲ̫
һЩʱ䳹ƿ˿¡壬ʣµʵҲץ˻Ȼûϵ֮ǰδƻ˵
ʱŵ֪һʵ嶼Ѿȷ䣬Ψб7777ʵȻδ֪״̬
ںǸʵȥֻҪȷϲħ˾ûˡ
ʱҲæûʱȥעһСƨԷ鷳ֻڡ
ʱա
Ԫ˰
׼δŶˣĵ˵
ʵԪ˵ĴںԪܼΪơ
Ƕһİ˵ӦǷֲеȻЩںϹԪܵˣнȻͬĸоˡ
֮ǰǧ꣬ʮ׵ľ룬в֮ͬˡ
ңңң֪ƵϢֻʱޣھͺȶˡ
ȻѾԪ˵
ˡ
׼ε˵̺ʶɺϡ
ȻɱߵԭֻǼʳԴô򵥡
֮ǰʶ˱˴ˣɽ飬ҺΣҲˡ
û뵽ҡһ˴ʹߣѯʽŵʱһ֪
ƭ读ԹɫҲˣɿûô׶Ը
ΪԪˣ׽ıۣΪǽгı³ɺһ㣬ջǾɱޡ
׼οϣ֪һԴЩˬˡ

Ȼ˵Ǿ仰֮󣬶ĺڷһ
ȥ233Ϊѡ
׼κ̹Ȼ˵ͽ֮ǰʶˣıְ鱨ӣмˣⶼʶָĹӶǸͻָĴһ
ɣ
ǹİɣһǹİɣ
û̻ش
ǰλ׶Ըĵˡ
һ˽ֱǵǿߣоͶȫͬ
ȻԪܵ˺ԷĴھ㹻ӡ
ɾ۾ؿ
ܿ죬ڷŮ˵ӰƮ죬ֳſƵӰеӿ֫塣
ȻǱɱ̬
Ȼɸо滹ʲôԼδʶĶһֲ档
ʶһƵİ׹⣬Լܱһͬӡڵ硣
ɣ㱻ʲô˷ӡ𣿡
ԥʱҪҸʵĶʣ˵ħ˶ûзӡָ
ҶԷսδǿκһԹԪܵжѾȻжϳһ㡣
Ǹӡζʲôء
ţʶЩһ˲ſ򣬶֮ʵ硣
ɣ뿪棿
õʾȻȴûжʵ˼ƺѾƶʵˡ
׼˼ؿ㲻䡣
ȻԪԴĴڣܱϳЩ֣ǡ
ڷһֱڵλã诵Ľ𣿺ķӡйأ
˵ŽĿƵ׼εϣҿԸǰ
Ѿ֪诺ͽ֮ĳϵ˵ŵʹͽĳԭ
Ȼǽ̻ǽļûйµϸڡ
̵ļ俴̫٣ܸо˶ǻ쵰ͽûʲôϵ
Ǳ߾ͺԣΪֶ̫֮࿴̫ϲ诣Ȼ֪ϼǸӶ̬ԭġ
֪һ¡
Ǿʹͽ诣诶˵ĳ塣
ɲܰٷְȷʲôµĳûٸ˼ֱӳڶˡ
ţ
׼ζؿһۣȷԽ𣿡
ȷ
ôš
ǸӡԪܵԻܿռ䡣
ķӡҪͬԴ
ܵ
׼ܸоǰ˲çײԵ͡
ԭ˵ÿ仰һѪǣ诣ƺͿʼˣܿ϶Ҳֱӳڶ
ɲ̸иӦеı֡
Ԫ˾£ΪʱҲʮ꣬Ҫ֪޾ʮꡣ
ҲǶʮСᣬҲȫ˵ùȥ
伸ҪĽʹͽôš
Һ֮Ҳǽס
׼βûٱѻȥ£Ҳмôƽȵģҡ
Ȼ
ɱ֮
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ȻִӶĿʶһʱ֮ڣ诶ںͽŵȺ˳Ϧԡ
ƩǸ鱨ӣƩǻ쵰ʦ
ϣ鹫Եӣ
̡
ңѾȷԼֻ֪һ֡
ǿƽ飬ŬԼȥЩ棬ȻʱѿԼ뷨
Ҳ֪ôģҾǵĻԶ㡣
׼˵㿴ȥҪһ٣֡
ɣ
Ȼɱ˽⣬ʵûֱ򣬲ΪÿС
ȻһʱҲûȫ񶨶ԷĻΪĺ
Ȼⲻ˵Ǽͻһȭʲôġ
Ѿģ˺ܶǼĳԲ¸ңʲô̬ȡ
ҪǸٵһıס
ڼ֮
̡
ϡ
ʮȷţҷҼ֮һҪ²
׼ε˵ͷΪ㱻ܾ֮һҪ£
ɣ
Ǹ˼
ɣûϵΪû취𣿡
Щ޹ؽҪˣѾҪˡ
ŶǵԪˣҲô롣
׼ε˵ҲһֱȰеģΪ㻹еĵȡ
ɣ
׼ֱ˽̡
һҪߣ
Ѿ֪诺ܿܺһطȻô뿪
ʶǣûҪֱӸȥ
ȻĶԳѾ
Ԫǿ﷭ӿͬεĺХ˿ռޡ
Ѿջ˴󲿷ͷŵԪܣΧۿɼʵһҲʼ⹹
գۼ䣬һĿ̫ջȻȫ㸲޷ϵģ
ɻ˻֡
ЩȱĿռ俪ʼϲֽʱתԭòƴճһһҺΰս
ҷɴͣڰɫǿЩϻйʯŵĻձꡣ
Ȼһ֧·Ĵӣոձ׼ֵĹ꼰㡣
˱Ҳˡ
Ҳһԭˡ
ɼܸܵЩԷɴ𾪵ߣԶԶؿͬ˹

鹫
׶ǵĿгϲ㣬ǧ֮УűΪʥĿ
İ칫ڣ𷢹λСͥԺģչ⴩룬üʥϡ
û¡
򵭵˵ȻԪˣòԩ
ڵɪɪ
ʧ֮ﵢһʱ䣬ûãüһж㱨ϼ
ǰڱŭ֮棬ҲѾļ䣬Ը֪Ҳ֪ˡ
ֻѡ
ʵ
ͷЩ޵ҧҧǴΪȺ˹ͨһܣҡ
ɨһۡ
̱ˣƺҲ˼硣
׼ѾȥˣܿҪѼ
˵ţԣҺܺĸΪʲôʱݷҡ
Ȼͷ
׷ݵӰſڣܱǸ㣬߸£˵ǸĺƸһ㡣
һ֧°ͣҵǾ谮мӡ
ȻôãҲʱӱ粵Һ۰ͷ¸Ҵ͸
һۣȥϣҲߵŰݵĴ
ɹ⾮Աߵɳţɡ
ɵˣȡ
΢ЦſԪܺܲȶôΪѾϰˡ
̧ͷϹ۾ϱȻȻʶƿĿķӦȴ
̣ػ߸¡Ȼͬ
ݺݵص
Ȥ˵˵
ʵǸ⡣
Ȼ鱨ӿȥ൱һεŮۺе۳Ϊʹû£Ϊǰܶճɻң׼θ¿ûս
ƺ˵Щʲôסˡ
򲻼˼ҡͷ׼θЩǰ˵£СʱҲڼʳͰɡ
̣
˵ʮҲСʱֽջȥˡ
˵ֻǰؿ
ص⡣
̯֣׼θΪε֪£ܻҪţΪӡ
һۣΪࡪԣû


172 
ǡ
ע⵽һЩԼӵСϸڡ
ƩԱߵļƵİ칫¥, ԼΧһȦ߸ߵ͵͵Ľ㳡ǰȫϢͶӰ
˾
ǳؿƼµĹ˾ͨΪǿ¡Ĳҵ, ȻЩػ߸һߣȻֱλʹ߹Ϸˡ
诲ɾЩЦ
ǰΪ¡硣
233ϵĻֻǳؿƼķֲҲֻǳ¡ϵ
һɫʰ쵵ĻϿζ, һ߳һ˵, һǵҸȥǵʱ, ῴؿƼĹ棬Ҳ֮һ, Ǵǰɡ
ȻĹȥҲ֪, ʲô򶯹𣿡
һ, ˾ϰɡ

һα졣
򴽣˵ǹ棬ȻҲҲ֪
֪, ˵Ҳ滰
Цеؿ
ַƺУֵ൱ִ٣ͼװȻȥڸ޴, Ȼ, ȴΪġ
Ȼ־յĸ߸ϵ, ĳַĵĿ֡
лл
ô˵, ллô, Ҳлл㽫뷨˵
̹Ȼ֮ϾҲû˵ѡ
, ıҲһοʼˡ
һǶ⡪ǼȵĻһ, Ҳ֮ϵˮƽ, Ϊʲôֵȱ϶
̲ס˳ñȽػתĴǡ
ˣ֪ҵ£ⷽ沢ȱġ
˵ȻܣӦսٵŵ⡣
ü鳡㾭飿
ɣһֱһϱ͵ĻﳤҲ֪ܲס
ͬؿ˵иߣʲô𣿡
Ƿ̾ͺˡ
̾˿ڸٵ˸
诣ǸⲿҾûˡ
Ҹףһֱڱңңܶꡣ
˵ܻΪɵΪѾ
ûʲôɵģСʱӰһӣⲻͦô
ӿļϣȨƣܻΪͯľӰȫ⡣
ûٶ˵ʲô
ȻҲܿ⣬˸Աһͷ׵ĻϿζֱӳԵڡ
ͣؾ䣬żԪܵϢƽһľڱסˡ
ҲǿǸƽ͵ķΧ
ɫҹĻչϸɳԶĳڰ쵵ĵƻȼţͳ
ˡ
˵
δ䣬Ѿعͷ
ڷŮ˵Ӱ⣬߰ɣҽӡ
ûʲôӵġ
š
诶˵վԱߵļһӵںٴʱֱӽʧ֮
ʵ֮ǰ׼뿪ҲһֱڻζǸӡ
ν֪Ψм̳߲ܽĴڣҲ֪õĳ
Ҳ˵ܱ̽δӽ磬ӦҲӰ졣
ڡ
诿м˳˼
ʼڡԭһС
Щֲٵļ䣬ԼС˵Ϣ߶ǳܵĲ϶ᱻħߡ
诳˼֮УŬȥйڡԭϢ
ȴЩαļ俪ʼƩΪԼһƪΪǼŰģʵ黹С˵
ûʵļ䡣
õġ
С˵Ļĸƽ̨أõԿĻֻƽ忴ģ
ÿһ𰸶񶨣诲ϲЩϸڣ׷Դҵ˼ĺڶ
Ȼ̽
һ˲䣬诸е·һԺˡ
Щٵļ˲ɢһαԼĹ
ҹӳлؼҵ·ϣֵĹ㳡տյŹﳵװҹ۵ƷȻƵشͣ
мһСζʯ棬ﳵľƿ۵һΣҲײ淢
ǰиһСԱ߿ֻƺ̧ͷһۡ
ʱεص˸ǸȻ߹
˺סĻ㻹Ҫػһ𣿡
ʱֿԣԷв߶Էɱȵȣǿ϶Ǹ⡣
Ǹʹأ
һ£Ҿɱɡ
ôشġ
ǸҲ͵˵ͷƮ˵õġ
ʮӺ󣬹Ķһأƿҵ÷飬۶ĴƵķɳײˡ
诣
̧ͷǸڽ⿪ķӡ֮ǰȰԼļһ¡
ͼ򵥶ˡ
⿪μܵĳǱʶͬբŵĺˮкȻѸٹעȫ
߽ȥץסŰɫĹҲͬʱ񶯡
ӡԼӿ֪µ
߻Ȼһ˹
͵
ЩϤֳȻһһûУʣ޿ĹҲӲקС
诣ǲǽˣ
ǵġ
׼εͷ˿Լ֣ϲŭѱ棬Ȼʡ
ǵԷҲûָʲôı֣⻰ʲô˼
诣ʣԻв̫ʵѡ𣿡
£˼ͬʱӦ쳣
诣ǡ
̫֮ˡ
׼һۣȱųȥҪʲô𣿡
̫֮ȻҲҪӡġ
һ㣬ȷҪرвҲӡͻ磬ĳҽ𣿡
ǸʮС
׼ߵǼһҪӣȻװģذѡȨ㣬һв𣿼ʹըƽˣҲܵʵʵ˺
诣
Ȳȥ׼ζͬŵۣҲȥĬԼǸѪľļһ
诣ʲô飿
׼סļ˫ǳЩζڻ⴩λ棬԰ɣ
诣š
ʧ֮Ѿȥ֪ЩͨžȻûʲôͷġ
ǿҪһʱ䡣
׼β֣ϾǺħ˻ǲ̫һģʹǵļ䣬Ҳֻ޵İ

ҲΪ¿ա
诣ʵ뿪ΪÿÿҶڱܼ尾Ԫˣ޷Ʋȥ
ʵҲ֪¿ܻܸˡ
׼ƽһס
ͷˮʲô
һۡ
ǰɡ
Ѹ뵽һֿԡ
Ǿܹͺܶˡ
诣ңԪˣǸӵԪ˵ˣǸɱйٵˡ
׼κϾصͷûС顣
诣
ˡ
Ҫ취뿪档
Ĳϣڷֱ𽫽һ֮ٴγǰʱһֱħĥʧط״̬
٣þòܳ𡣡
ʲôõĴкķʽ
ٴ̾Ϣ
Ȼ̽ԼӵеҲδ֮ȫٷְƿأΪļ䣬ô
Ҳ֪Լٵν
Ʃ˵Ԫ˵Ŀ
ʵҲħ˵ı֮һ۶ԪֻҪܱյܴģǾѵն
ȫħˣЩħյ˵õġ
ȻԪȻڴС
ܸоĴڣҲܸоԪ˵ĴڣӵеȻǰ߸
ɲôľͻ
ﻹбԪܸջ϶Ҳᴹޱȡ
ȻϵܣߣܻǳǿҲԡʯߵġ
ⲻɵ⣬ԼҪ취˷¡

ѧ̺Ϳơ
ǻطĿתע
ӵϵ磬ɱҲиеĿꡣ
Ԫܵ޵ģǾ;ˣ֪Ǹܺõӡ
¶˾ġ
ǿĶ֮һ档
񣬴˵Եִκһ䣬Ȼȴֱܼ尾
һǶȣھ˵뿪λǰ磬ΪΣΪѰҸ
֪̽ͬλ档
ʱûкħء
֪еЩֵֹҲλ档
ңʵǡ֮ôǿĴ𰸡
еľںԪܺܵôڻͨҲһϵĿ
ǻʱ䣬һ¥ǾҪȥѰµˡ
ħһ

ûǺħ˻Щģϵܹգ˵δغʡ
׼̯֣ԼʹܹλĺǽҲҪܶʱȥѰĳһʺ硣
Ҳ̫ܸ֮ʲô
ֵ̫֮ĵϣһصʱ϶ֱͨ㣬൱ڶλĽ紦
׼ε˵ӡңȲ뿪磬Իͬġ
诣˼ǣҪǸ϶ꣿ
š
׼ε˵ͷˣҪ㹻ұԲԪܡֵ̫֮ΪԿףŵת
诶ˡ
诣һҪҿš
ȸӡȻгŵȻʲôöԳС
׼һӣȻΨһǣԸﶺԣ֮¾Ҫ׼뿪ˡ
̧ͷ
ҲҲ֮á
ô˵


173 
һ, ĳƬռڲ
ڷֱǰ̲סһ䣬֮ǰ뿪ȥʲôˣ
ûʲô, ׼赭дػش𣬡ȥǸˡ
е⣬û°ɡ
һӣˡ
Ҳ⡣
ȥʥ, Σķ, Ҫô, Ҫôİǿˣпв
ο
诣ŵԼ
Ӱ̳ԱԼ, Ʒ¼ϵ޷ɱ, Լ¼ϵ޷ΥӦûô
Ʃ˵̿Ҫҵʱ, ׼λԴӦ
˼
ôš
Щ֪µʱ䣬ӦҲоԭ
Һܿ, Ժǵͽˡ
׼˵
һ㶣ʲô
Һ֮Լ
̧չʾϷѾ֪, ˵˶, 㲻ҪҲܸ֪ǡ
诣
诲֪, Ҳܡ
׼ʼ磺Լ, оһ¡
ȵȡ
֪µȫ֮, ȷʵеһ˿
ֽ׼ϵķӡ൱ֻһ, ĿԼԼ֪һЩ˵Ĵڡ
ŵĴʹǣ
ָоȽģ, Ȼʱſ϶Խ
ǰʹͽ, 诶֮ĳӣεű˴ˡ
˵Ҳ̫׼ȷ
ⲻԼƣĳϵ
ϵǸܵ˴˵Ķ⣬ƭΪ
Ŀǰ˵ûƭԷϵĴڸҲ΢
诣һĳΪˣ
Ӧܸо
׼֮Ȼһ£ǻѡߣô֪˼ԭȵˣٷ֮ʮԴӰ졣
ʣЩȻѡǸָĺЧӦ
׼ΣΪ涼øл㣬Ի̳ΪҲ
诣
һ벻ԼӶԪԶһɡ
ȵȡ
˵뵽ˣϾǿԤδˡ
诣Ҹ߽֮Ҳܿ뿪磬ԣǲǽŵ죬Ҳûʲôɡ
ȷԼԶ𡣡
׼ջ֣Ҳﻹǣҵˡ
ֹ

𰸻ǿ϶ġ
ž뵽ԼĴԱǣȻҾͨϢҲעһǱûܵħ˵š
Ҳ뵽һЩѡ
ڼҲ뵽ɡ
֡
ϾǣҵĶ壬ӦЩԱޡûչ˿ܻΣյˡ
Ʃ紬Աǡ
ʹԪ˵£Ҳ෴Ĵڡ
أôҪǣҵĶ
Ȼֵò죬ܹѶѵĹϵǣδǳԶԷҪԴ꼤С
̾˿
һͨѾ˲һ꣬뵽Ȼÿ뵽ƺһ־
ΪЩı֣ǼĹϵùˡ
ټԪˣںԪܺͼˣĳ̶ֳ˵ǳˡȻӦòô롣
ô˺
Ȼһ˵Ŀǰ״̬Ҳ˺
ϾԪ˱ǲᱻԪܻġ
ҲҪô
诣ˣôһ˵ҾҪǷϢʡΪˡ
ʧ֮ȻûźŵģҪȥ
׼οһۣ𣿡
诵ν
ָոҪ¸ĸо̫Ϥˡ
诣Ҽûþħˣһˢ
ԪӦÿţкܶҪλһѰһҲȫû⡣
ﷴЩţָĴͰ·ķɴըˡ
׼Ҳʾĵе£ԪģʱлݣǶڷ¡
գգۣ˵˴ըˣȻٰʱ䵹ʮǰǱ֮ǰ𣿡
ڷŮ΢΢ס
üһ
诣
׼ΣܡҲֹĶҲԡ
诣ҶˣǾǵײ㡣
ȻҲʱġ
诣ˣҼǵ˵̫֮з磬ָʲô
ѾˣԷʧ
׼Լ˵ҲӡֻһЩĳԣڼȻ㣬ֻҪͺˡ
볢ʲô
ںһԪܣǿлٵ֪µķӡ
诣
ʵڲ֪ô£ǲǴʱħһĶô
Լѡ֮ˣͱ˲һء
׼˿ڸǻķ֮⣬ÿλôͬ¡

׼΢΢ͷкһ˿Ц⣬źˣ򿴿ħ˵ĴҲ˼
ػߵӰ黯ͬڻѩ
ŽкܶϷֵһ
ȻӰʧ
ţ԰׵ƬռǵϸĽ⣬Щâͬεĳʼһһɢƽ
ܿ죬ƽ֯ϸߣԽԽҫۡ
ǿҵġȵȻɢ·̵ĺˮݿʧ֮
̫ԵײУƬռԭεı߽綼ǿж壬ûԻ͵Ľɫ֮ȼͬһֽƬ㽫ʳ
ϣ̸ˡ
ʧ֮򳹵׻¶بǺӵա
ŮվǿԪӵγĴڣöʵشݹ
诵ڶԷеĽɫؽϣûҲ˲𡣡

ʥ
ԥľսվڽϣϴǿֳһһҵս
ЩĻâһȦȦҫĹ⻷̫УͬʱҲ˹ʯŵıʯձꡣ
֪ԪǽʱԤƹһĻķ
פʥΧ꣬Ϊľڵһʱ̡ħ˵Σδ˵µһսˡ
˹ͨĽӺȻԾǨǰȴԽˡ
ǱߴԱǵĻ㱨
ĹԱһ߿ۿɼĽӣһ߿ź޲塣
ѵǻ𡭡
ȫûмҲûС
ԥǵۣʱҲͷʺţʲôûм⵽練ӴؼⲻԾǨ
ЩʼĴǻˡ
ԥȴ뵽һֿԡ
Ͻ˲ƻصϲİ칫ؾͿڷӰǰ档
¡
ԥ˿ˡ
Īؿһۣžյ뷨ЩҴġ
ĸ߼½ϵԷ׷һ
ʶ⻰˼
Щսֱӱ͵ĳԭ
ԸոսǱûм⵽ԾǨĴֻҲȷʵΪЩԾǨ
ԥͷ亹ţֻǲ֪ΪʲôҪô
ﲻкܶǼҵ𡣡
ɲͷ˵ȥ
˵Ȼǳǽݵڹʯŵˡ
ϸ˵ԼҲ֮һ
ԥ̫ȷ⻰ĶǷԼ
ûȻɺȻͷ棬ȻЩͻأʵ˽ⰲء˹ͨ𣿡
ԥ
Ǵ𰸵ȻǷ񶨵ġ
ԥǸ˵ʲô֪Ҳ˵ΰٵš
õУغ¶ⷽķ̫ãȻǰʱȻҲãҲ࣬ԱôŻҪһ㡣
εȦҲЩǷ곡Ϸ
¶ȵ˵ĸͽ׼ܸߣʲô˶ܿϵģ⻰Ȼǰеֳڡ
ԥЩ߰£ûн֮˵ڣҲҪ˵ˡ
ɵıȻյˡ
ڷ΢ԭأ˫﷭Ų֪
Щŭƺ뵽ʲô£ûôˣֻǶϴ˼
ԥ
ŬԼҪȥԷʲôΪÿô̫á
ʱͬҲͶǴĿ⣬Ϊÿʱ򣬴Ҷһùġ
ΪʲôȻ𰲰أǴֻһԭ
£յͨѶת
иٵʵ
԰ء˹ͨȫϢͨѶ
û̻ش
˫Щм
ԭǼ˹ͨڱ𴦣ڴյԮ̸Ϲˡ
ǳǧ֮սʱѾоǵĴڡ
ˣǰǵʵ
˵һͿվǵǰ
Ȼ˵Ҳһġ
ȻװģѡȫϢͨѶʲôʽ⽻Ϊһ
ùǡ
Ƴһ˸ͨѶ
Ȼʧԭء
ʣһ
ʲôȥˣ
˾ֵ˵ǲɱʯŵĴȥˣ
Ӧòڡ
ĥҪɱղžͶ˰ɣﻹЩǧش
˵˵Щֻն
˲²ЩŪЩ˾͸˹ͨǱš
ЩٽӵȻҲ֪ʯţϾ׶δʱ˹ͨĲƷ֮һ
ȻڣҲʲôĴڡ
ԥûвǵֱۣѯԥſڵҾãȥˡ
Īؿ
ԥ˹ͨˣһţǰѡ
˵ʶԾĿڣ뵽ѾˣӦû仰
ԥ˿
Ǽһǰѡִʾ䣬϶ֻᷢŭ
ĳЩ棬˼ֱǸеѧ

ԥٴʶԼòҪеڶ뷨´ǰʱ
Ͼѧʱض˵뷨Ҳûְɷĩ


174 
̫֮֡
ֻҪ仰óΥ͸, Ȼʵȴ޿ɱ粵
λŵʹͽ£αװһؽֱˡ
ǰ诺׼ζʧ֮, ҲԽ˵
ȴƫƫҪٵƬռ䣬ǿԼ
ԸȷʵȽϷϹֵ̫֮Ĵԡ
ֻǺ֮ǰӴĹ²̫һ
ӡ󹫻ǸȽϺƢˣʲô¶Զ㳲ӡ
, ֻΪںЩëƤС¡
ħɱǰڱ˶ԴŵֱͬͨΣյҰ, ԴžǿһֻΧ, ôҲв
ȻʱϣһﻹԵһ, װµ
ڸ֡һߡ֮, ǹȥദʱĻ, ˹µݼ
ҲǵΪħܵȺԼ˽ţ
ʵϣȼŵġ
򵭶ؽ͵ˡ
ȻͨĳЩֶ, αװǰһιļ̳ˣȻõҡ
ʱҺɵ޴һ, ׷Ȩ, Լƿ硣
Ů΢΢ͷ, ҷֵͳߺȫһ, ûҾͷˡ
诣ۻģ
߰ɡ
, ڽû˭ҵҵκʧ̬, ҳΪ˺, ҪЩòɿԱг, ΪˮϵͳѿڶԷϡ
诣
ȻɱǣʶĳЩ鲻Ƶĳͻ᲻Ϸ
Щε̾˿
诶ˡ
诣ǰ뵱ܽͳߡ
ȻΪ˳Ϊ߻ǸңϾĻŸоͽˡ
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Щ뵡˵͸ܺ档
诣Ϊʲô˵Ų˵̣
ΪҲܡ񡯣ҷӡ˶ʮ꣬һҪһҽ
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ȻԷܸܵܵһԹͷŭ
ʵһ¹⣬ԥһ£һ⣬㲻ɱ𣿡
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诹ҶĴϣˣȴûļң㻹͸׼Ρȵȣô˵е֡
ŮȻһۣƺȤģ
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ʲôļٵģ
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˵ڼ䣬Ҳ˳㿴˶Էںϵ̬
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Ĺ̲һѣΪһ죬Ҳͻ˼ʱ䣬ͽ֪ˡ
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ַӡֻǽ޶λڣԽ֮ҲûԵ
ƺڸܷӡǰϱҲǺޱ仯һ̵Ǻ׼Щˡ
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ЦЦ˵ҿ۽磬ûһ⣬һûôҪ뿪档
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ĹԱȻ̬ȹֱ̽ߵҵƿר־Ϊ⡣
诺ѯͣǿڿܲǼǼõʱϴǸִҴææˡ
¡
ܺòʺʱȻԱߵ

ܶʱɫֺ࣬һͬȥҪϢˡ
诣
֪Ļͦࣿ
ΪһĽųԱʶֱϼĴ쵼ء
ܻǼѵΪ˳ͣķ񣬸ѡһ൱ȫĵ²λ˵򱻺򶼲⡣
ʹıͣλıߵĳϽҲԶܳ൱
ǻṩһСܹҷɴԷҴԶָص㡣
ЩڳͣײķĿ
濴ǩЭ顣
Χȫ̡
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ǰϲǸҲȥƻᡣ
Ůسš
˵˵ʱܺҪˣݰҲʼϲ
ɴٺ֮ˡ
Ŀĵǰ֮ϵ
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ַȵתΪ΢ΧĻת죬ɢ⡣
ǰĲǽĻ֮⣬ǿյ嫵īɫмبһƬϼĹ״ɫơ
ԶԶȥһˡ
诼Ƶľ󣬲ʲôϡġ
æŷϢ
طѵźţȻźűϢȫԡ
һһʵˣһʹͽ֧ߣǲ׼˶𣿡
ƺҲ£ӣػشǰڻû㣬Ȼ¶˵ûʲô塣
Ⱥյ˴ԱǵĻظ
ƥ˹ҲħˣȻĳ
Ǿܾ读ǸԸǴһǮ
Լ֪ʲôʱٹ˵ЩǮҪֵԷԼ˻Ҳûá
Ȼͱ
ָʶıϵ˶ϢЩ˻ظЩûС
Уٴοɵ촰ڡ
ǰʵѾɾ˴ڣ֮Իܱĳ϶ǶԷԼϢˡ
бϢ࣬ҳ˹棬ǼСʱܿܿͻᱻˢȥ
鸴ӵص㿪
߹ʱδӣͨȡ
߹
߹ģ
߹ʱδӣͨȡ
һδϢ϶ġ

ͷǿա
Ϊʲôôˡ
ҽʱԳΪ֮
žָһƬ״ƣȥһﳣͷ籩
⸽û˾ûԴǵĴ͹⡣
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诣£װһƲӡ
Ϊ⣬ֻ鹫ȷʵӦƲҡ
Цһֲ˵ǵʵһȼģԭô˼
һһǣȷʵ޷Ტۡ
诣أ
ɫƽӰԸǰϷˡ
诣
ȻǴʹʵۡ
㵽׶ʲô
ĺƻ׼ǰ֣ԽоߺػǽȻͬ쵼
诼ŴǿգＸǾʥԶĵطˣȻһܸоԪ˵Ĵڡ
ֽͿʲôĵɺͻ
ЩܻὫԼ
ҪôԪˣҪôȡԪܶʧȥҡ

ֻǲͬϵ
׼ˣ
иֳԻ͵Ļƽ󽣡
诲ûпֻŻη塣
ӵļ䣬Ҳӵڲͬλ洩ľԼĸ鷳
诣Ľ
ǰؽ۳εḶ́ɫĹλ۳ɷУǴڸֳһ㡣
诣ⶫôģ
ħǲʹļȻҲûС
ħ̬һȹǡ
赭д˵
诣
ħ״̬￳֫ͷʲôգۼܳµģ𾪵һ¡
͸һԵҲǿ뵽ڵġ
ʲôģ
ûˣ
΢΢еĴ󽣣бָǧĹ״ơ
ϯ
Ի͵ĽӺƺƵӿīɫǿգƯ类εĲƿ¶ڸǵλ϶
кܶ⡣
̾˿һ˵ɣһȱľʱ䡣
Ӱʧѷ֮ڡ

ǡ
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㳡ϵļ
һֱԭûո׼߹˵˼仰ĺ׼ξҲ
һо˾ۼһ𣬾Ҳˡ
ĸŸ߲ڹ㳡ģҪķӡ¡
׼λû˵䣬͸оϤԪѸٽӽ
һ룬ڷ۵ǵҰ


175 
ǵǿߺħ֮, ȻǰȫںԪܣЯԪܡ
ֱⷽӵڸ֪״̬
ĴڸΪ
ÿʱÿ̶ǵλú״̬
΢㾫, Ըܵ˭ٻ˭ս
ǵҲ׳ʵϾǵĿĲɱǻֺ¡
ǶԣǰҪʯ, תľ
Դɱ̰֮Ԫ˵, ֮ĸ֪ҲøΪǿҡ
ϵȻ˫ġ
ǸܵԪ˵Ĵ, ȻҪ˺, ǵıܻʹǲϽгԡ
, ڵԪ, ǵԪܱ߰
Ȼܸ֪Щ
֮ǰǴĿ, սУһʱҲû鷳
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Ѱ诱Ѱ֮Ҫһ򱶣ΪԪѾ˴ں, γһµĽħ֮塣
, ϤĴڡ
ȻҲˡ
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ڸղŵļСʱ, תʮϵɰǧ, ɱħ˶ܶһǽ
ûҵԼˡ
෴, ɼǼλǶһ顣
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һŮŮ𾪵ؿм𷢣ǵòôơ
ȻмˣȻǼ֮Ķ»Ա׹ϵġ
λ۵˿һֲۣ˵صͷݰǩһļ
ʵҲҪȥϺ˶ݣϾںϹܵľǡ
ǾԶҲͰˣ棬ڲڵ£ȻԷ˭
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ȻҲϳԪ˵ĴڣûκҪܵͼû˵ȻǴ㵱û
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˵ʵֵ̫ˣȻֿʼڣĵȻԼ˻ᡣ
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ʹʵıףҲᱻɳƣȻһγ
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ܵľǺͰ˫ֵ̥˵
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˵ĴУֻ⼸ס
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ȵȡ
뿪磿
ʶһʱȻ뵽Լ֪Щʲôǿζ˽ʧ֮Ҳζ뿪档
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
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վһûʲô仯ûаı֡
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ŵֳԻļ䣬ԪҲֻеֻΪͬͬԴ޷ݻٰˡ
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׼ĵ˵ĳûԪ˴ڵɡ
ɣ
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š
ͲҪȥĥȫҵְ취¡
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ɣ
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Ƕ㹻Ĺλ֪ʶ˵һ͸
ɲ֪뵽ʲôȻЩ񣬡ҲΪ߻رߡ
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ɼҪˣ̫ˡ
׼Ҳֻ飬Է˼㲻һҪԼȥʲô˵󲿷ֻƿԽˣֻҪΪǡ
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ڷŮ΢΢üԣ
ɱۣǺܴ
еǿ֢Ҫʲô£ֻϵģҲûİȫá
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ħ˻ᱻ
ɶԣֻҪãܵԼĳˡ
Ҳĳ£˳ǿ֮ϵ

Ӻ
ʥ
ǽͣǿУϲһƬž˸Ĵڣ
ȥӡ
ڷӰٿȻڴǰһۺԥЩ˹ͨҪ̸̸


176 
Ͻ, ˹
ī٤ǡ
Ǹո˼ϮطħˣЩ߼۵ĵط, ¥ΪĵĹۡ͸ҵֵȵȡ
ȥ̳˻ͬһƬڰС
ֻæҵشţЩҴߡ
㵹ľסáѵͿչ졢̮ĵ, ƮѪϢ, Щϸ΢Ĳҽкͺ
ҲһЩ߼ѾȵĶ, ͬʱԽԽ˱ȳ
Щҽƻ˽ֳԮЩӵľҽԺ, ȽάŶӵȴʦǵźš
˹֮һ, ΪŴ, ˺ܶӸǰӵߡ
ħ˵սУĵطȻǺġ
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вϻص
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ĺǡ
ԡϸ֮Уճֳɫ¡Ĺ԰ҲĻ
ɡŲӯشʯС
ĹˮʪԿ̵ּҲ÷
ƬĹ԰ﰲĶǼ֧ǺͱѪԵϵԶЩҲĽ㡣
֡
길׺ȻɨĹ
ԼĽûʲôӡˡ
Сʱ湤һ겻ؼҡ
ԶʱֻǸѧ˵ĺӣֻǿǵ£ȴȫ˵ʲô
ĸʹ֮󣬾ͲŮ
ȻҲиӡ
Ϻá
Ա˵
𾪵زͷ
ȫûоﻹˣ
ڽĹ԰֮ǰþɨܱߵĻȷԲǧ޻ˡ
ڣҵľ룬иýĺ췢ŮˣһڵװͷĹ
˳߿ȥ
˴ޱ¡
üҼλġ
˱Դɾ̵ĺ췢£ָס˰Ե΢̧̧ͷ¶覵ӡ
۾ԭЩ٬Ŀǽʧˣ㣿
㸸˵ҵ𣿡
˺ʵ
û
׼Ρ
ô˵ֱƺҡ
Ȼ𾪵״̬ʲô
𡣡
׼λشҿܻкܳһʱ䲻ˡ
ֻһŽʲôǰǾ𣿡
׼΢΢ǣÿɣϾҵľˣҰˡ
ͷʺţʲôɱ𣿡
Ϊ˱غйصܣһ˵ˡ
׼룬ðɣ˵ɱʵҲû⡣
ǲһ°ɣҼȻѡ˵㣬֮ĸ飬ʲô
֯Ŵǣͬʱ²˼ֿܣͬѧ𣿡
ǲʮأװġ
׼ЦЦδƻʵ壬ӳصʱӦɣû¾ˡ

ˡ
ֲһҪɱԭȥġ
ﵹ֪ԷƿؿƼˣ֪һϵϾҲǿ¡ĺ
֮ǰҰ֣˵ҽ㵱һ׷ɱһЩضĿꡣ
׼Σѵʵ塣
ʶģûɱ㻹㣿
ɡ
׼ƺ̸һ£Լ˵
˼ؿӣϴҺҰϮȥǣʵΪ𣿡
׼οп޵Ӧһ˵ͬ⻹ܡ
ȻʶԼҲǾûˡ
Ȼʲôء
ΪģĽԷκҪ󣬶˵ʵҲûʲôҪᡣ
һΪǺͷ
ǡ
׼̧ͷһۣɫѩ·Ҳں⡣
˼룬ʶԷڶԼͷ
¡Ǻڷۡ
Ҳ⡣
һ˲䣬Լ׶Է˼ˣҲûټ⣬ҲҪȥħһ
׼΢΢ףʲôԸ𣬻ɱˣ
ҵϣսȻҾͿȥң
׼εͷû˵ֻǶĹ
ϸڷбĹ԰ݺʯϡ
ûдɡ;վԭأĺ췢ȴȻɸҲûаˮ
Ҳûٿڡ
ǵıӰнģ


177 
Ĵʧ֮ͬ
ħƬ, ǵĵ֡
ʧ֮Ҳڿռѷ죬ܹͨ棬ȻѰҶλԼʹ, һ൱ѵ¡
ΪЩѷĴھǲȶģ˵ѷ춼ͨͬһ棬ǽٵǸ磬ֻͨλ档
ͨѷ촩бΣ, ʹ㹻ǿ, Ѿĳ̶ֳϲĴ, ҲȻʧķա
֮ܶļ, Ҳûڶʱһ
ǿг, Ҳá
ͽȻͬˡ
ŲͬλĽ紦, Ĵڷǳȶһӵڵתվ
ȻԶԵġ
ִʱ򣬷طԼȻྶͥ
֪, һϱ仯λ档
ﲢžͨ·ûͽĸһ׵׻ʧ, ʱҲ޷㡣
ֻһ, ޷ȥʶǸ֪硣
һ˰ħ˰Ĵ, һ鲼ߺ͹ǽĲ԰׵Ŀռ䡣
Щɫ߻ֻϸ, ǵ·Ǳֱ, ඼ͶˮĵӰۡ
ЩǽǹĻɵģǵɫ״ߴ硢ȫǲͬġ
Щڵƽ, Щǽ״̬, ЩǴġʵԴڲͬĿռ, ûཻ
֪νλǽڲͬռﴩؾ谭
ͬλ֮ڵĲǺǽͨ㿴ǽʱ򣬾ʹĿĵزԶˡ
ħǶԶ࣬ĶЩǣǿֱƾָ֪ȥ򣬴ƺǽ
֮ܶǣ֮ļйĴڣܻȡϢ١
ûʹù
ҲҪ
Ѿ̹ȻԼⷽǺܲˣûлʱȥա
ԭȵ϶һ㣬Щǽ֮ǰѾܸӦЩĻͨλ档
˵Щ̲ʲô
о߹հƾҷλá
Ҳֻһ˲䡣
ͣ˲֪ãǼӣҲṆ̀޷ù߳ĵλȥģǵʱƺǽԺɢ֮䡣
ȻҲ̫׼ȷ
Ҳ޷ٽиĽͣΪҲӦĴʻȥ
Ҳָħļⷽ͸
ʶԼ忪ʼ
Ϊĸı䣬ʶ޷άԭȵ̬
Ȼĳλ棬һͷײ˹ȥ

£Ը֮Ϊһͷ֮ܿá
ѡһϱλ档
诸ܵǽ˺Լ壬ʶҲ˶ݵʧˣžΪԪܵĴڶá
ÿ涼ԼĹ
ͬһᱻͬĹɲͬĴڣͬԪڲͬ﷢ӵҲͬ
Ʃ˵һ磬ԪܿܣȻͽʣһˡ
ڴԽʱʧһС壬Ҳܿлָˡ
Ȼ®ĽɫǿգȼŹ⣬ƯĲк
綼ڱ
ǽµһǺеһ򣬶档
һ޴ġƶĺڶƵĴڣͬаһʣһǰƶܿһС
ҲܵĴڡ
ǿȥһӰɫ죬ûף״ҲԲбȫ
Ȼͨйȥ׽һУҲܵԼĸ֪ơ
诲ȷЩվʱĺпǷͬҲ־ٶĻ
ҲҪˡ
ʶһ
ڶäĿŴһУӵгɼ޷ġ
ȵȡ
һһ߾ЩԾ
ЩϸĹһһͷţֻܱͬǸǿĹ
ֻܵбػֱ
ȻԪȴԽЩڣֱӰ졣
ڻһ磬ԪһǲҲܱıأ
ܲƾŬԪ
诲δͣ½Ų
Ҳͬʱʶһ¡
֮ǰ֮ѡ磬ΪźǽеϤ
ʲôϤأ
֪磡
֪ڸﴩʱӦûûԪܣҲûкܶ࣬Ȼֵ̽Ѱ
ֿʼħսǰ뿪Щߴǡ
֪ڣ˸ûԪܣȴȻĴǲǵܱȻǿһľ硣
ԣûãʹҴææؿʼħ뷽跨ȡԪܣֻǼǿԼܡ
Ȼʱȴû档
ȻڣϾҲʱ͵ģЩǿߣڽ;Ҳûħ˵в

诸ܵĳ𶯡
һ룬ʶԶĳЩ˵ЩľǣȻϰ˱ڶ׷
ͨĳصķٽţܸܵ𵴵Ĳȴ޷̺˼
ȻۿҲˡ
ЩģӰ˴ںϣһµĺڶ
诣
գۼ䣬ͱһȺڶΧС
诳̾һ
ߵпһڶͬʱе˫һһҵסߵĺڶ
ָо΢
ܹĺڶͬʱۼߣҼĴڵ·ʣһˡ
˵һ˵ĴھͺȸߣӾϲڶΧľ档
ڱ仯ģռĴСڶĶڵķ֮ؾͱһС
ȻⲢϤֵֺܳڶ
ֻһƵĴڣ޲һʣֻϧﵮġ
ȥͻĹ
ڼ䣬Ҳȥõȷʲôҵİ취
ħôģЩǰҲôġ
û
ĺܳʱһʱ诶ںЩڶ
еıɵʾͱͷų̫ܳպ壬ǿȥǽݻٵĹ̵һס
ЩӰҲ³֣ɢڸ
ֻûã۳ɺڶȻ
Ԫ޷ţֻΪɵһֲϽ޸ֻֻܡʹȥǡ
ΪǼСʱǼս
ⳡһֱţȫʱʧȥ˸ǹȥ˼»Ǽʮꡣ
ɢĺڶԼȫҲɹ
һʱ䣬ļ䶼ˣججԼ˭ֻƾűܼս
ΪʱսıܣҲΪħ˵֧š
һؼʱʶڶɵƺʣһܱԼĴڡ
Ʃ䡣
ⶪЩҪԼĹｫЩĨȥ
ĻܾͱɱħӻĴˡ
ǵ
˭˵лһܺ£
ǣȥ·ҲǷƣֻһһظͬս
ԼݻٹٺڶֿŶٺڶɣΪ̫࣬Ѿ֪ܽ
ø֮Ǿúڶɵס
һֽϺͬʣȥɣڱ֮ʷ룬ԼһС
ʱˣѧ˰ʡ
֮޴ţԼ
ȻʼܸоĴڣԼͨ·
ⶼõڲĻϡ
һиŬˡ
ǻл㱵ػص㡣
ʶһƬң״̬Ҳڿܺͱ֮ǻ
ϾֱЩǽֻѡһӵԼϤ硣
ҪôԪҪôܣо죬ҪôǸ棬Ҫôħռĵط
û⡣
ôţֻҪЩŻĺڶá

֮ǰײ˺ǽ֮С
δԽٶȿ˺ܶ࣬ΪֱǿˣƿҲһ¥
ɲǺͳһϡ
诿ɫգһ˿ͬ飬΢罫ַҵϢ
ڵϡ
ǰǶѻɽӸɻٵкʣȫ޶ڲͬ
ССĽƾɵؾߣĻǲȱģʰ쵵ķİװУиֱװĲʡ
诼Ҫӯˡ
ȻΪж
ֻһۣЩжϳ̶ȣЩ̱껹൱졣
ľչɨĴվиԶĳЩƯ¥ϡչ
ɾĽֵ໹дïʢֲ·ʻ½Ǵ룬״̬Ҳ
˶ʹùԣ·ߵģؾģֱߵĴʾŸָݡ
Ѹһڲ鿴ʱġ
վڽֽǵĿԱߣƺں˶ҹʱ䡣
ͶӰĴʾһϢ
Щغ͸ҹҲᣬϤĸʽ
һнɫСֺȻдİĴʻ㡣
051930
׶ǡ
۹ʱı׼ʱ䡣


178 
诣
һ߽Ÿ֪ﴫķ, һ߿Ϸֵ˻
ھⷽ棬Ѿɵһá
һõ˻Ϊܵɨģ, ȴûװκ
ͣڶʮҵİУţ춯ȴ΢ȻЩֵĻԡ
á
˻ﴫһº͵, Ҫ𣿡
诲ûڸԼټ, ȻװӦ豸, ܼʱӦлĳ֡
ĻԼڻɨֳͨһ״̬
á
˵, ôأ
˻Իͬʱ, ľͬεް, һɢ
ܿ죬򣬴ڲľסطֲٵפ, Լⲿϵƽ̨ͿռվһѾա
ȻںЩֻûõһЩϢ
诺ܿջ˾
һ尾Щʱʵڲ졣
ΪǸֺս, ΣǿĶ, ˭֪ͷֻ޾ĺڶ, Ȼȷʵ㹻Σ, ĵҪ
֪, ִ̫֮һܡ

ô˵Ȼ鲻, ȷʵջ˺ܶ, Ҳȫȴ̫õľǵײ״̬
˰ٷ֮ƿԼ, ǸıԴõˡ
ʵջķᡣ
ֻǹʵںܿܡ
ܾǴ۰ɣҲûֱǿʲôζ
ڣص磬˵صΪǻ׵磬ںԸһС
ΪЩ̫ˡ
ֿ˹չ˾Աʮڵĵط
˻˵ҪĻڿԿȥ㡣
诵ȻҪ
Ѿ֪Լ˵λãһͿƶԷ󣬵ôڵˡ
ллˡ
说һõ״ϣ԰˻ջȥһҵġ
Ϊȥ൱ûȱ첲Ҳήһ߷˻ûټ֡
ʮӺվʮ߽磬ҵ˸ڵĹվ
൱ȫ豸
̨Ϸ˸രڣԱߵǽϹ߰ڵ룬ҷǳɾ߽ҲûлҳԱ߾˵ĳա
һƷŮվԱߡ
΢֣һͷɫͰؿӣҪԵ㶫𣿡
Ȼ͸оߵĻۼһĻȻЩȡ
ΪԷĹ͡ԼڰߵĹ𲻴󣬶գѰмֵԴ
Ȼĸ˴ŻҪϣھɸѡ֮
ԱԼʱֱر
˻ãзԿ
ոһ·Ѿܿٷ֮ʮɻɣֻǸԶ̲ġ
ʰǣҪʹüªװһѸû
ϵĻչ˾ԱǰλһҰȫعˡ
ҲǺܶ
ԱߵĿ̨źţܿͼ𣿡
ֲǷɴĽš
վЦˣҪͼĻҿԴȥҼңŮһСͼͶӰ̨ѡģʦһ
诣ҲУ
ʵ˲ƵפصָҲа취κɧ˵ʵôû
ͦԸͱ˵仰ġ
Ҫ°ˣղѾ׼ؼң˳ֵľŷ˻
Աߵ߶Ŷˣҽпݣݡˣôƺ㣿
诣աǡС
Ǹ൱ˡ
û䣬Ѿǰ˳ƺΪ磬ϣԷ
ȻҺɷûʱֻҪ㲻˵ա
ô˵
ҡҡͷҲôֻҪӪҺС
ǵҲԼҪһٱ
ߵĻֻܺ۵ӪҺϾǵĹʿҪԲȺüһˡ
ǵطûʳģ˵ʹҲףǸЩǮĹ˾쵼ṩġ
ЩҲܳԵܶʱҲҪӪҺյġ
Ϸ˲ʮӣִ˳Χ
һסֵŶǾµĶѩ׵Ϳ͸ĲǽĻмһƬƬ̵Ļ԰
԰ڻڲͣŴССؾߣСͺ΢͵ķҲһЩ½г
ʱ꣬ѾϲЩӺͺţȻһҲܿ۶ܸߣҲҲõġ
Կԡ
ǾĲһ㡣
һߺͿһռϢ֪ЩطѾܱΪˣٷ˵ǵԴϢء
ľ񣬶ǵ۹ĺϷܵȨЩס׶ǵҲû
Ȼͬ˰պһЩϸµķĿЩ𣬵˵ֹ
ʵϼʹٲӵоλˣеҲֻһտյͷΣĹǸ߹˫ҲҪ
˼š
൱̸˵˵žЩϢ
诶ǲ⣬Ͼĳ˵˽⣬϶ϲŵȵˣ϶ܴ
ԣҲǴǸħ˿ռİɣ
߽һĿݵˮһͬʱݹһ
ȫҪ读ǵлħ˿ռ䣿
ٷƺƬռ䣬ֻϰô˵
ЦЦһǵһμΪ˹Ҳûгֹˡ
ü𣿡
۹񼸺˾֪ǰսʱΪɱħˣĳĿռ䡣
ֿռʱٺʵ粻ͬڽڣܻһЩˡ
Щ˿ܶǰ뵽Ƭռġ
ҲһЩоԱΪ˵ֻܻԣ֪ʲôƵҲûֹ
Ȼһ˴ôƬռֻһֿԣҲֻǵĿռϰʧ
۹רŵħΪǰṩעᣬҳ֮⣬ÿ껹;ϿļһߣЩ˽úħսĻᡣ
ħѾǹݣڴ󲿷˵ҲֻһֱȽϺˡ
Ȼħɺ١
ݽЩ¸ұʾħÿϵﶼа칫㡣
ȥפأȥ˹ϵרΪһ⣬ǻѰˣҪĻ
诵˵ͷ
ܴʧ֮ģôҲиħˮƽˣ˲࣬һħҲ˭ĳġ
Ҫû£ҲǺ׵¡
诣뻺һϾһռò̫á
Ȼ
ݰؿˣӣϾ㿴ȥҵŮ˼ꡪ
ܿ诿νԼС˼Ĺ
ֻǸ˾СһͷɫһСŻȹӣıؽ
诣
ðɡ
ŮķԸԸ͵Ľһͼǡ
췢Сʶ͵˵ͷź뵽ʲô£۾ģǺ𣿡
е㾪ȣܵĸռСѧ𣿡
ʵҲֱӿЩ˵ļ䣬ֻ̫ô֮Ľ
˶κζ߻ԵĻ̸ܵ
С㶵ؿ
诽žˡ
֪ǰĸŮߣΪԶ˻˵ͬͨˡ
诣Ҷˣ˶˶԰ɣ
ݲ̫ȷ˼ֻΪ⺢Ӵħ˿ռеץϹ
췢Ů˵ͷ˳⻰˵ǶߣΪǰһװʯĴｵ䡪
诣ͬһʱҲкܶװʯĴڲͬϣ԰ɣ
ٴεͷЩĹ㳡ϻʯĵܣСĿʮףĺһ¥࣬Ȼֻġ
üһ
һʯǿȺͷΧޣȻһ͵ĵ񣬷䷶ΧϿɢԶ
ͲֱӼ˵ܣӲ˿ȫܵʱˡ
ܿԡ
ôţȻקһ¡
췢СָЩؿ
Ǹһûش⡣
诵ͷǲߣ԰ɣҵĴʵȡô塮
Сͷʺš
ֻԱЦؿǣֻΪλСڶ档
̧ͷ˿ǽϵĻʾһţ¾һΧжɹһ͵ǵŻﱻˣű߾ĳͻҲƽϢˡ
ӰȻֳһʵʱӰ
ĺַ۵꣬һȺ߼ٴӵţվһҴ󽢸ڻ谵սƺŹâ
ڵƷĶһ࣬ϼɫؿڣ·ıʯѫ
诿·Ļš۹ռפ˾
൱Ӣأ԰ɡ
ݿĻСʮ꣬˵ҲЩСһΪķ˿
诣Ԫ˧Σ
ĺַ΢΢ͷƺ˵˾仰
תȥĸĽˡ
һ£ǵģԪ˧ܹλ֮һ
诼ҪǺԥĳˣֻÿź࣬պɣ
û
ݷǳȣǰʶ𣿡

ˣԱߵĺ췢СŮұ۾ҲԴһٸ㲻
ûȺ߻ش־Լ˵û׼ȷȵȣʵϣһǧһҲûʲô𣬸ĳȽװɡ


179 
ս̽ɢȥ, սɣʧңԶʡ
ֵ㿪˵ĻģʽȻƮ
ۿҷ, ֪ΪŰϿŵġ
ͷɱˡ
ĺ˧ÿϾһˡ
ԣֱ, ܵ, ϸ, ҵĸоǸոձ´һ٣ȥҪһٴ򡣡
˵𣿡
Ϊʲôˢԥ򰡹ǲͬԶ𣿣
̲סЦˡ
ЩĻһ붼ڿĳλԪ˧µֵ, ȻҲкܶһ˾ˢ˼ʮĻġ
ھÿЦͬʱҲ⡣
Լһκͺԥʱ, ήҵ, ״̬ҲãҲڽ״̬ʵɫġ
Ȼ, ÿȻ۸вãȴֵܸߵӡ
ֻǸԸ񵽳඼ϲ, Ҳȥˡ
ԥò仯, ֻʸ, , Ȼഺפˡ
ߵǿӻ˥, ܼ󶼿ഺԪࡣ
Ԫܸˡ
һħͨԶ˥, һܵħ, ǲκα仯ˡ
Ҳʲô, ľ󲿷ǣ֮䶼ԥѡǰߡ
ںڳħ֮ǰͻῼǱֳϸӤӹ˵
ջ˼
Աߵĺ췢Сǡһ䣬ҲŲţʮء

ЦЦʮҾһ򼶡
С
дڶҡ
ҲͣͼǿɣԵĻ˳㣬ôƺ㣿
ҽޱޱ
췢Сգգۣأ
ǽ֡
ޱޱȥ˶¥ң˵ƣ򿪷ڷеСȫϢͶӰǡ
ʮӰ˲ڰУɫʸתţɫĺȼյĻ
ѯһ䣬Сó˲̨λá
лл
վǰ棬ֱѡչʾеĵ۹Ͻ
ʱͶӰ
ʰ쵵ƺŻص̫ձͬɫͿĨĻƯŸĴСС΢Ĳ
ĬĬ˿߰ͶӰֿ˿ϸݡ
üһʮǡ
ڵ۹Χڣٸϵе˾ҲλԴء
ͼСͶҪѧϰã˲ûϸгϵĿռվ
ʯͺڶȵȵı൱̫սֻһ޷Ŵģ͡
诸뽫ͶӰлɱϵģʽһȻֲԾ
صͶӰʥġ
ǰ׶Ѿħ˻ٵøɸɾ׶ȻǻѡַֻȻλʥ
⵹Ҳ֣Ͼ֮Ӱ죬Ǳħ˴ݲйʥĻҲҪԽ
˵Ҫǰ׶Ƕ֮ĵطǱϾҲǱ˰ѳֶģЩá
ЩٿǿȴܾЩԾ
µ׶Ǻ찡
ֱͼǵҳ˸棬׶ǵȻ󱻰ٿƴϢˡ
诣׶ǲʥ򣿡
ޱޱһ£
һҲָСмֵĻشˣðɣллˡ
ޱޱ˵Ȼǰĺڷʧˡ
˼ӣֻˡ
ɳ޵Ľᾧʯ
诽һѪܵԲݹȥӦٰʮɣڵҲ̫ȷˣ֮ˡ
˵ʧӰ١
ޱޱӹȥһ£ֲֻǿסǿųӡ
Ĵָ˲̵ĽɫѪҺ
͸һöĥԲĻƽˮƺζϸϸĵ⡣
衪
С
ײײرųصľʯ¥ݡ
ɳϿţ״ȵվǡ
ޱޱظ˸ղλ˵Ļ
췢Ů˴ʧɫ˵ɳޣǱģȵȣ˵ʧ˼ӣ
ǴӴռóġ
ѪҺδȫɺء
ʱһɱޣ

ʱ˿̣ĳλոȥĿˣѾ˺˹ǣϵġӵеǡ
ҵϣ޺˸͹ӰҵĹơ
ĽֵҲ൱࣬ȾᵽκḯϢ
Ŵ﷭ףȻͷŶɸɾɵĺڷỬɢ䣬Ƥûаۺۡ
֮Ǻ˺Զ˴Ĳô֮⡣
Χ·˸¹룬װģվڽͷȷʵЩۣȻҲû˻࿴
תҡڵ߽һ̳
ȻάԼĴڸУҲûôܵע
ߵװڼҵ˹䣬ȵ߽ҵʱ򣬱Աˡ
ãǽʮλ˹˿͡
Ա˵һȫƣֳ֪ûʱ䣿
Цеصͷð
һѡʽͲõȹٵάӡ·ѾСʱ֮ˡ
读һոµװᱡ˿ӡ͵ģ°ڼȫס̵ȸȿ㣬¶һ˫ְֱĳȡ
͵һ·׾٣˵ȥץ޻ǮҲףѡ
ͦġ
ΧĿС
ſ̳ǵϣմĸͶӰ
뵽˽š
֪ѾԶΪ̵֪׼ε˵ֱȥ֪ʹͽʹʹǵλá
ǰĺڶ棬ȻеĻ֪ġ
չ˸֪˳дڵԼ׾ٵضλ˴ʹǡ
ϵǡ
Ա·һԷ޴һѧģŮƺǸոտԣȸԾϲ˵
ѧ˵ǰѧУѧҪϸȥΪ˾ٱ˵ӲԹ涨ǷģȻ͸ˣĳɿѡѧӷֲԡ
ŮͣͣʵҾҲ̫ƽٱ֮ǰһɡ
һԵļҳһ뷨Ļ᰸ټйͬ뷨ͬѧһ𡣡
û
һλҳͬ˵ѡ񽻸ѧУҲͬѧ䷢ͶƱøͬ⡪
ѧأ󲿷УδظȤϾѾǸ׶Ρ
Ȼҳִ
Ů۾ǡ
㲻˵뵱ԱλΪҽˡ
ĸļ򣬡ҾԴߵ¿ʼոջ˵ʲôţ
Ů̾˿˵ż֮ǰʦۣ˵ʮ϶࣬ٶڹٷˣʵء
ȻҲǸĸȤĻ⡣
һ˿ʼЩߣǼλԪ˧֮⣬ƺǰ˼߾ż
˼žµĵȼƶˡ
ȻӲָ껹һЩպͿҪ󣬾Ҫͨʵȥ֤ʵȻսڵĸ
ֻ̫ʺսսֻڶһְˡ
ԥʮĿռߣ˭֪
Ůر˼֣֣ϴͬѧۻǼ׶ǵˣû˵֪֪µ
ĸ̾˿û֪ұ´ʱҲ׶ǣڽħˣЩħǲ棬ڸֵط
֪Ϊʯִʷαﶼн
Ůҡҡͷʦ²߿ռ֮йأϾһһƵһ򣬿Խ˼ǧأ
׶ڱƶ֮⻷ûƻһʼʹһ
һֱΪʲôҪ£Ͼǿ˴һ㣬Ҳûʲôرġ
Ŷͬѧ˵ôΨһǣչʾǿˡ
ΪǸɱħƵѾӡ֤ˡ
诣
תʧԭ
ǱһڵãƬ̡
ΪʲôҪһЩԼѾ֪£
ҲֻԺب˼ӣܿɢˡ

۹ռ
˹ϵ
ʮǺŻž޴ĳǽһԲ׶ɵĽΧͬԲ鲼ͣλ
װսеͣϨ״̬е״̬еĲλԼռվܱߵǿա
ΧֵĶܻܡ
ǽϲͶӰ̨ȫϢͶӰ׷Ϩ𣬼嵽ĽҲȥ
ԥλϣյؿǰ˸ȫϢͼȻһס˶ͷ
ѾӵһߣֻžװԽԵøͦΣֻǻѹȥЩ⡣
Ϻá
ȻһöŮ
ԥ㤵̧ͷ
Ŷﲢûʲôķֱ𣬵ǰ׶Ǳ׼ʱʺõġ
иڷ۵ͶӰ̨ԵȽָŲ壬һûһµôš
ԥ
ȰĳʽԪܵϢûй¶˿
ңȫԪܷ·ѾᣬǱסˮͣͽ֣޷ٱٿһ˿һ
ͬʱӦܲεԪǽҲ޷ٶܡ
ԥſԷĳࡣ
ԥ
һ˲䣬ΪԼҪΪѹ̫ˡ
ԥ˵ʶԼûڡ
꣬ʡ
˵ʳָ촽һΣ׶ǰĺǦ0233ɰǸŪʥ򣬻׶ǣΪʲô
ԥڿԿˡ
ԥ˵ΪʲôΪǿʶİ
ֱҪͷˡ
ΪʲôùԼ
ŶǸ
诺ûǸ˵ֻΪϿˣ⣬ǴˣҾĻȽȨ
ԥ̾˿
ѾϰԼʲô뷨̱²۳һٵˡ
˵ôϲ˵뷨
ȵȡ
ԥ͵̧ͷҲǸ˼ҷģ֪ǵ㲢ûкκֹϵֻ桪
С
Ҳ˵ɵĻ´μ汻ʵ۱²鿴䣬ԼͿȥˡ
ʵϣԣϾҿ϶ϴμ䡣
ЦЦؿԣ֮ǰøҵõϢϲ鲻֡

һƫԶϡ
ڻ԰Ĵ˻ѰҸոյĹ
̫ˡ
췢Ů˸ԱߵС˵ӦûϾǸڽƬռʿӦøлǣҲӦõġ
ޱޱƶǶصͷ
ݻ˵ЩʲôȻ߹һˡ
ǸͷԣӺܸߣݼΪֻĳѹȸС
תͷ˹
˲ʵĸоܿʧˡ
·ֻǶݵĴ
ӦǸİˣֻǲ֪ΪʲôܾöԷЩ졣
١
ӻŮط䣬ʲô԰𣿡
Ǹߴĺڷ˹ղ˴ﾭ𣿡
Ȼ벻ԼӢĳ
ǣ
ȻҲֻȻݵ
Ҳ˼ֻʡ
һ£ʱ䲻°ࡪôƺأСӣ
ա
˵˵
ðɣ
ѺõЦЦʲôأ
һ˲佫˵ļ䷭׳졣
ȻǺԥЩЩͨ߿ܾܲסǸ̡
ȻҲһ˵һ߿Էļ䡣
ֻǣȻƴˣֱô֪ˣеİɣ
ҵѡ
ڷ˵Ǻܾûˡ
ʱĳ췢СſڿĲǽϡ
һ߿ŹͶӰƵһ߿Ż԰ںĸ׽̸ˣȻ󲻶Ͽȥ
ƵȻǰıʽ˿ֹ̻ͣͷ˻ʵ۱µϡ
۹ͳ߱һȺڸ󳼺Ԫ˧ǻš
鵭Įϲŭѱ棬˫ı̺޲
ΪһͯޱޱĵһӦȻĻЩһա
ֻעһ¡
Ϊʲôʵ۱µǸһģһ
һӣ̸ˣڷ۵ʧӰ١
ݻл㱵ؽˣҴˣԭġ

˵һֱѰһˣд˵ˣд˵ǳˣȻû֤ʵҲΪǼٵģڿ
췢ŮΪοЦˣӦǰ߰ɣҲӦյģҪôм


180 
ļžˡ
źԥĹһߡ
㿪һӰ, ǰĳƬΡ
ޱ߼ʵĺǿգɫڿУʮӰＤ, սм۶ȥ
ڵĻ棬ͬҷβǰĿͷ
ÿһһͿռվĳߴ磬һ˲伸̫ն, ЩսĵϰС
˫ײʱ, ЩڻٿȻͣڿ, Ǳʲôһ㡣
ţǿʼǰرɷɳ״
ƵľͷѸ, ǧ׵ľ, ڰеһӰϡ
˵ȻЩңԶ, Ѿܿ˵ϡɼǸڷࡪ
ħǰϤɢ
ת˲֮䣬һжѸٵػҷ
ǵһ, ˽ħԼ֮صս¼˹ϡ
̶̼СʱڣݵƵѾ, ƽ̨ĵ޺תͻ˼¼
Ǵ˲֪ħĴ, ʱսѾȫʼ, ˶Ѿܹħ˵в
ƵǸԶԶԼ֪ħ˸ӿֲ
ȻҲûƵʵ, ϾʱļҪαһӰ񲢲ѡ
Ȼ󼸺ͬһ, ٿˡ
ȵȡ
课֣ôִ٣ϴεĽѵ, ؾȻҲܽ𣿡
ڶΪ̰֮ĳ˲, Щ˽, ҲһӦˡ
ԥ˵ͷΪ֮һѣȥЩʸ롢ǲԸˡ롯ˡ
诶ˡ
Ĺ̲ûйΨɵĽеĲ߶ͬ⽫Լͳεͼʥ۹
诣ȻԸģˣ塣
ԥٴ̾Ϣ
̶̵ļʱѾ֪̾ٴˡ
˵ģȥˣ
ԥǰ㣬϶԰ɣ
ѸٷЩǰţѸƴճ۹Ĺ̡
ʵ⻹ͦ׵ģʱ˶ϣս
ο˹ħֵ࣬⵼Ǻ͸
ǰһͳĻŶӲ⵽Ƕ׶һʧӰ٣˵ᱻʬ
诺ǶƵ͵ģñ˼¼һĻǾûĵκλ棬ᷢˡ
һп϶Ԥıġ
˵Ƕ뷽跨ʵͨ˵սǷġ
ҡҡͷ
ʣħħʣĲη壬µ۹ĽӴݿ㽫Ϥ
Цһô˾óĽЩҲ棿
԰Ӧҵ㣬Ϊûֹͣ
ԥһָӵ֪㡪
գգۣţ
ˡ
֪
ĳ̶ֳϣԥͬӡ
ȻԲͬķʽȻ˵ѹĸоǲ¡
诣ұ˵ллҺһҾòǸˡ
ԥٴηҲڿ㡣
ͷҲ̧ؿŹԣе棬ǰҲô𣿡
ԭȵ̬Ȼµһ˲䣬˵ѹʱǵس¡
ڷŮ΢΢ͷ
һ̣ԥսֽŷ·𶼱ԭضá
ԷòĻǻҪ࣬Ҳֻʮ˾ģĳ컹Щͬġ
Ȼռħ䡣
ȫоһ˿һϢ
ĻɢѹȸԶʤħ
ǲǾұ˵
ͷ

ԥѵؿڵ·˵仰þȫҲ˽㣬ǵһμʱҾΪ˽ڳԣѾѧһΣôˡ
ۡ
ˣǵûϵΪȷʵ˵Ҳ㡣
ӸղⷬԻܵóۣԥԼЩ˽ģѹԵʱҲûдСбʾ𾪡
Ȼ֪ǿöࡣ
սһץסַڣʹǰӡ
ԥãȻֿ־ؿ˫Ļɫ·Ҳÿ
Ҳ鿴ļ䣬ڿصĻʱͻ֪
诵˵ƿĸ͹򣬿ؽж޸ġ
ԥֵؿ
ЦЦҲҪʵۣΪһ֮ǰҪ취ǿԼϵǵڡźߣͳҲʧΪһַϾҲԸΪǸ鷳
ԥӶҪˣ˵ʲôûС
ûв鿴ļ䣬þ㣿
ɿ֣ҲҪô
ںڶܿʱѾϤ汾λ֮ϵҲѧȥ֪Щڡ
һص磬ʶѾĳֱٿص״̬
ߺڶıԴغҲ̱ЩӰ졣
ԥδȥסԼ죬Щǿܺˡ
ô
ԥؿֻվܸܵո˵Щ
ɡ
ʼ磬Ϊռߣܸоռ޵ĲΪҵıûôǿԺ֮ʱǾŵĳζֱܷʲôʳһ򵥡
ͷµĵ棬ը
ԥոճ˼˼ӣԶʱͷߣҪԣ͹
˵⻰ûڴԷӦ˭֪ǰŮ۾һð͸ʮɡ
ԥ
ιأ
۾
ԥҴˣҲǸ˼ֻǣ⣬
Ӻ
һб̵سţǰǿһЩ˵Ȼô
ԥ̾һô¸ҵѾǳˡ
诳˳ǣҺ
ԥǰͷԵˣΪɱΪȥ˱չ
С
ͷҲ̧ĻԼԡ
ԥ
诣ʲôӦûħˣҲʧȥˣҪ֪ħ˽֮ǰѾˣƾܣͿԴԽȥˡ
ԥЩȵؿ
诣㲻᲻֪ɣԴħ˳֣ܶڼͿʼоԪܣ˵ʱ޵ģ䵽Ͳˣʵܵޱ͹ˣսʱڵҲû⣬ϾȡԪҲˡ

ԥһԼ
ԥǰ˵ЩҲ̫ףЩҶ֪֪ħǱܼƻٻġ¹ʱҾ֪սǰǿʲô̶ˡ
Ԫֳ״̬ЧϵħҲһĴڡ
Եһսʱħռƣǲһ
Ͼڲͬλڲͬ£ͬҲֳͬ״̬
ⷽѾˡ
ںڶԪֻܼ޸սǿɵġ
Ǹߺħ˴ܣӮĺܿǰߡ
Ȼһ߻޷Ǹ档
ԥֻǺܾȣΪ˵һģһĻոսЩ
诲⡣
뵽֪ģɿ϶Ҳԡ
һɵĽƮɢڿۡ
סâУʶ𣿡
ԥãȻؿħ
Цʲôٷƺ𣿡
ħ״̬ȡĹ
ԥҼһЩǶǱȽϰñս˰ɣֶˣʵûҲҪˡ
ȷʵ
ڶħ˵ȱһħ״̬ȫ¶
ϾʹĺħࡪǶ˵϶ʲô
ԥô˵
诿͵ġ
Ҳԡ
ɲܰ˵ȥԺԥǵԪܣҲܸоⶫ˾֮ϵ
еĽѩɢˡ
ˣ
ԥ֪뵽ʲôɫٿȻ䣬صһ𣿡
诣ǣҼĵһʶˣ
ԥǰǸ˿ڶ仰ѿ
ԥˣܸܲϿϴҵļ䣬Ȼ뿪Ҫ֪»ᷢġ
֪ʲô
诸߸ü֪ҵһ㣿ȻҺʵҲô졣
ͬʱҲܸܵλԪ˧µ
ֻ̫£ԽԽ־õĻʽ֣Ѿˡҡˢ
诣


181 
诣ģ㣿ʹֻ˵
ԥؿ, 漰йص¡
ĺȻֹȻ⻰Ҳû˵ꡣ
Ϊ˵˾Ļ
诸ӦԷͶȥһôϵ, ɣһĨļ䣬ңƤĨһ
ԥɫȻܲ, ˵һ¾ȫָ𣿡

һִĶͷ, ˵ֽ, Բۼ
ԥؿ
ǰɱڸλȥĶǿߡ
Ĵнߣָҷ, Ȼ˿ÿ־, ֻϣԷԼļ䡣
诶ּܸܵ, ǳǿңҲǵĿ־塣
诣Ӱе󰡣ҽ𣿡
ԥ˱, ңַû, һ, ҵҽʾҪȥҽˡ
诣
զ°㡣
ͶȥͬĿ˼ֿ, һҪлл, Ҹ, Ҿȥܼ죬Щ, Ͼǰʱҹĺ⡣
ԥȥ, Ҳ֪ʲôĳʲô, ΪҵĻȥͷĲ֪
ҲǱˣȷʵҪҪȥкĶ֮ģ룬˵ǳ鷳¡
ԹԵ˵Ͼû뵽ô꣬Ȼţ㶮
ԥҲ붮ǣ󲿷ʱ򶼲磬ҪôҪôλ棬Ժ˵Ե׹˶á
һҲеҲŶûȥܾá
Ǽһڴħʱٿɲͬ
ԥ˼ʱ򻹻ܵΪ˽ǽɱ·ϡ
Ǿ͸˵ʱˡ
˵߹˿ʮ꣬ĸֻ֪мء
ȻҲпǼǧ꣬ܲҵĻ
鸴ӵţΪ϶˵ͣԼںڶܿʱֹ¡
诣֪Ԫ𣿡
ջһã
ˡ
֪Ļ治ࡣ
ڵԪҲǿǿǰ֮䣬»ħĳ̶ȣԲЩҲ
ȻЩעܵĿ
Ȼħϳ֣ɽˣĽ٣һֵͬ͵ȵħˣҲսʱôࡣ
Ҳûȥתľˡ
רעܵҲϾԪֶҲԽԽãǲ׼սĻ
诣ԣϵʵۣʵڸɿˣ
ȻǶĳˣǶ׸ɾԪҲô
ԥҼҾǶ˵㲻ϡ࡯

诸˵ǲǶǱ棬ŶǸѵĵ۹ƵӦֳڰɣ
ԥǸֻһֱڶΪ˶ܵ棬ǳŭȻǸйߣǸקˣȻ˺ˣ˹ͨǼ˾һĻ

课ܾ£Ҳûһֱȥ棬Ϊţǲ
ֻԪ˵⡣
֮ǰûпκˣǸʲôʲô״̬ɡ
诣㲻ס
ԣҲףǵ¡
ԥƣؿƺѾˡ
诿ʼĨʱ͵ʲô£ˣ֪֪㡪
Ǿ仰û˵꣬课Ͳ˺ԥԺкԼһϢü֮ͣǰ
诣Ǹл´˵ɡ
ǵԥھ򲢷㾭֣ﻹʱ鿴ʱ䣬ôĪʧȥһμ䣬׻ʶԡ
ɴͺһЩţΪʮӵͷ
֮⣬诺ܽûȥļ䡣
ǰִ˼ء
ȵԥٴʱȻտյ
ַĬػܣδκβԾ֮
ǡ˴߽£Ǵ̸С
ԥ΢΢ףָǰͶӰ̨ת
ǽһӦ豸ǶãͨѶ⣬ǻ䣬һȫϢӰͳǰ
һŽ˵ɡĤ״
ûëĤڵƹֳ̣һϸСԲ䶯Ĵ롣
ӰΪ棬ͬվǰ
ԥܿԷϵÿϸڣЩĤĽףһһϣԼëĽɫѪܡ
ˡ
ԥٿˣ֮ԻΪ֪ǱЩǵвȣ֪ǲȫԸ֧ǡ
Ǹ˸˵
ԥ̧̧֣Ҹʱ䣬ȥ⣬ȥͬĥġΪЩһʵ֡
ȷʵԪ˧¡
һֹشıĤƤɫڱǳƺΪ仯ġ
˽ѾԽ˱߾ߡ
Ϊǵ
ԥֱӴΪϴǺ⽻Ѿ̸ˣҽܵǵձľӣұ˾Ǻ壬һᰴ̰£ԣҲѡ񲻰
ԥͣһ£ӣҪǩĳŵ顣
ȻֱͨѶ
ַ갴ͶӰ̨վ»ˡ
ǵͬλʱ⣬ʵ۱¿κʱ뿪棬Ҳκʱ򷵻ء
ԥԴϰΪµĽȻҲ֡
Ҫҡ
ԥüΪռ¡
νĲȻûȤ
ռδ۹ͼģƫԶûмֵ
ʵһǵв˿ĳţڿǵｨܵתţԴ˽нӻ
ЩǵмֵߣҸ۹ʧ
ɶ´ûȤ
ͷܽЩǵ飬һ·ʱԼһ⡣
Ȼȥһˡ
ԥ˵
ħⷽ츳ޣʱ仹ǶܣԽĳ˲Ҳ¡
ομӹ̹Ӧıǣ󲿷ʱÿζǽٻȻƶͬһط
ΧĽǷ׷׵ͷ
һ־η۵Ŀ⿴˾ʧԭء
Ȼܴص׶ǣҲǿռ࣬ഫ֮һľ롣
ǰ㲻Ԫ˧

ͬһʱ䣬ĳҵйˣٿͣ˽Ų
ֵ£ҵ˷ӿȺҺģ˶ڼǰ£˵˵ԵĿԡ
ȴе쳣
һĲɨϯ˳εķ磬¡رеĳȺ䡣
诲δȥ
ѸԼܱߵȺͬǳֳȫƵ״̬Ҳ˸ı䡣
֮⣬ûκ˸еԾǶԲĲǶߵĴˡ
еǰߡ
֪ǳԵɨ裬ȷλãĸ޷ȷӦòᷭȥѰҡ
һûнûеڶˡ
ңδϰߣÿλص֮󣬶ʶ۹ɨһ顣
ûħ˵©֮㡣
˦Ĺԣֱӹȥ˵ص
ոջصʱԼмλ˲䣬϶ᴥĹ
֮󱻸֪֡
ھûôˡ

׶ǡ
ϷĿнȺԺúಿŵĹۡ¥ˮ͸
ǹ°㻷ŻʹȺϿխƺ֮ϣͬһҫ۵
ԥֱϲĻڡ
ʹӵе۹ӳԱеߵְλͷΣҲǻʹˡ
Լʹʵ۱˲סҲûʲôƣԥҲѡκָĳ֮ĵط
һƬŵĻȣ˹Ʋ߹
ͬǵͬʵǺӡ
Ƶĕiҫ۵ףºĮ¶ͬš
˹ͨõòͬӣûһ˿һı仯
ԥס
۹ܲı⽻󳼷׷Ӧǰͷ¶΢ЦҶû˵
Ǵ
ԥܸоڵִڵ˲䣬ͷ׷˲ˡ
һɲԤС
ԥѸٽǰһ飬ЩǵиѶϵĿͳǡ
ҲԹһ˳嵽ǵĵ̽ɱɾȻռѾˣɼ޵ġ
ֻǾбҪǿ۹ӵı¡
Ասӵڡ
˵ʵҲֻǸոչȥûãҲһ׼նѡ
֪ʵ۱²ǰ뿪棬ʵȷǲǸոջûȥ֪Է١
õϢֻΪɰѡ
Ҳɻһʱ󣬲ٻ
ԥ˼߽˻ҡ
ﲢʽľص㣬ǻʹ˴˽ͶӰ̨Ŀռ䡣
ʹˣǸȻʮֿʣ͸񷶥ԶգɳͶӰ̨ڷм䣬һСͷɴ
豸״̬յķ䶼תȫϢӰ
һſŰ쵹ţϵĿռվǿĳ涴Լ仯ȫɼ
ڷվԱߣɫµĿӳţھ⣬¶ż׳СۣϹŹԡ
˫ӳѤϼƣһϢĽõ
ΨһڳĹȴȫ͡
ԥΡΡ񣬡¡
һֱͶӰתתǿ
ԥոǿǿϣƾŶߵƺΪ˹ǡ
ӡƬϵΪƫƧ
Ȼûп˵Ļȴŵü̱ڵϣļ䱻˸ˡ
ԥ
Ϊ߶ԴɣΪģ϶ʲô֪ġ
ԥصͷ
Ѿ׼ȱʹһȻһٱˣһ֪˭ġ
һǳȤˡ
ĵ˵ţҲʱ޷ָ
ԥսս̧ͷȴⷢ˾ô
ڷ΢΢ͷӳͶӰƺϡЦ⡣


182 

ǡ
ڷĳ, ȻʶĽֵ
Ƶã쵻òʵȫϢͶӰǧĲšڽĿչ졣
ҵӿ, ܼȺĦ࣬Ĵӵ͹ϵ´ؾʱĺ졣
󲿷ֳĻ涼ƣ·, Լܷɹǡ
һפ, ĵ·̯λͷۻ
˾޴һͰ䴮, ȫŨϢƮɢ
̶̼ͳԳһѿտյǩӡ
СʱǰԴȡ
ԱǼҲеʳ֮, , ̸ɴ, ȻԼķɴͲֱ˲ƹˡ
ڡ
վϤĿոڴԿյͰ䡣
ǽŵĴӪ, ˵ػֵڳؿƼİ˾ܲҲڴˡ
ĺƺȻԲͬķʽƿӰƬط԰Ϊķϵ
˽ӪĿո, ȻҲǱƿص, ܸɴǽŵĳԱ
ʱ, ոۻö˶˵ش, ȥǱ޹, ͣչ֮һµĺվ¥
ȻԻ֮ǰǸ, ̱Ҳ仯
һոۼʮϰ״̬, ʲôϡ¡
֮ǰ׸ͣ, ǩ˸ͣĺͬһ·ɴͣλãֱ˲ƹȥˡ
ȻûпԼĴ
诣
ſտյĵ²λıߵĳϽɸɾ޺ۼ
诸ɴഩǽܱߵһѲλϤһ飬ЩλҪôţҪôͣİĴ
ԲҴˣĴûˡ
ܸӦʹǵλã֪ĺƺҰ˾ܲҲˡ
˸ոԱѯʣŵ֪ǸǰЩҲְˡ
诣
ˡ
ûôҪɴֻѪ뿴׸ţոȻɹս⵽ƻҲ˵
ǿԼʶϢǰķͬ
˵ܶ˶ˡ
ǸԱ˵ǰģû˵ˣҲû¡
һͷˮͻʵʲôϵ
ҲǴ֮ͥ£ûȫԱֻӰ˶Էʶ˵Ļ
ԱҲԸˣӰԽѱ
Ϊ˰
˶ʱ첱Ӵ֣æŽħˣæŴЩвĴڣڹ¶棬ǾԴ˳죡
˵ԴһЩʱΧͬǵĹעԱ⻰׷˾
Զԣȥ˿ˣžתˣҿӶɵˣүľżֳðɡ
żʲôϵĳͬ²СĻڱ»ĳ𣿡
Χʱһ롣
˵ǸܣΪû˸ҿʮ֮ڣ˸ӴǼ
ЩɶСˣûĸǵģ໹ﱲ
Աһֻ棬ʱŤ
ǿ϶ᱻȥİɡ
С٣ϴǸԥˣ㿪ʱˤúòңԥһѯǸ˵ѧУ˵ǵǿγһͲأƽضվȡ
ΧȫЦ
Ǹˣһбء
ԥͦ棬һ߿һ²㣬ȻŻر桪
ԥƢܺҪǷڱǰͷɡ
üһȫʬ㲻ˡ
ڰɣ´ûɱ˰ֿħ󵽵ġ
ۣǸ֮ǰȥռѲӵʱ򣬲ֱӰԾǨ״̬ǵץȫʣ㶮ɣǵϻиսٵľʣͺбӸС
ĵʱѾѸԼ¹Բصš
ؼ˿ոۺͰǿոۣߵҳ棬һš
ǰĳλ۹ͳԿ캽ոۿڡ
˿ո۹æĿո֮һصĹŶӻ㱨αֿͨԼ뾳һϵдʩúʵ
诣
е¶ʮԻá
ȫûôЩİȫغͽ̣ϷΥƷ˽֮¡
ӡĶѶЩºȤǰӦûὫ˴Ʒճɻҡ
Ȼĵطȥķʲô
¶Ȼǧȥ׷ɱĵﷸҪֻΪȱǮǿ֢Ҫˢ¼
Ȼʵǡ
ȻûиķԼ¼ԴЩԶȫϢӰ￴ȷʵ˵
ʹѡʸõˣЩո۵ĹԱȻսսиûסݰ塣
ɱֵþûһ
ӰǶǴб󷽳ֻԼĲա
ʵ۱´ڸԱǣмԱУûбڡ
ȻȺ˭Ҫڡ
վǰ棬ҲһڵװϼõͦװĵĸߴͦΣ糤ȵıӰҲʮ㡣
λվ΢󣬸Ҳ¹ڳֵҲԶƽˮƽ
ȻֳƺҲû˭ͷѹ˾

诲ûнͼŴҲûпеȫϢӰ
ֱӹص˴ڡ
ΪԱиԱѾչˣ鵽˶԰ɣ˵ġ
ʼ磬Ҷˣȥ˿ˣ
ʥڵˣϾǾ׶ǻͦԶġ
ȥǻʵ۱Ӳ֮ѡһĶ߷ٳеĿոۡ


诣Ӱںվ¥ԣȥͣ𣿡
ԱߵԱһ£ƺû뵽ôʣµĴнӾͣ棬ԣ˵Ǵͣİɣ
诣Ĵ
ʶ뵽Լʱʹù˽˵Ĵ⡣
浹вټֵǵķɴҴȤ͡
ⷽİûǱȽصģǵط˵˳ǽӦоС
ȻʹгǽҲͣռ϶ǲġ
ڼ䣬诺ȻߴһԱ԰￴ȥܿĴء
һ˵һ߽ͶӰϵУ㿴ĵġ
诿һۣȻһ㶣ţ

۹ռ
ǽڿ˹ϵԶͬһžֹСǡ
ԥڻʱֽƣĸо
˲䴫ͣʵҲԺľȻȥΪ˺ͻʵ۶Իһˡ
䵭ǹ⴩ˮϴڷΧλȺĽ
£дµָʾ𣿡
һλнѯʵ

ԥ΢΢ҡͷ
ɸûʿǵ¡
ϾǵǿͷܽøɸɾȻϡ
Ļʵ۱²ڣԥҲֻͷ
ҲҪңûӣ
С¶ˣǷ
ʲôҪҪʲôã
Ĺԭɱɡ
ĻشٲһЩĻֱܻӰԪ˧¶ʹ
ߴɳȥ
Ҳûʲô
ԥûʿǵ£Ǳԭ򡣡
ΧĽǼ׷˿
΢˽ȣ˶ĵ»ʵ
Ƕ֪¶벻ʣһ˿ܣ˾ëȻ
ģ֪ºͼλԪ˧ˣ֮Ҫб£ҲԼûϵ
һȺĬĬš
뿪֮󣬺ԥٴ˿֮С
ǲʸոշʲôȴܾһ¡
ǵûʵۺԼĶԻˡ
׼ȷ˵мһֺģģֻǵ˵ĵһ仰ԼǾ䡰Թˡ
ԥѾϰ˾ֵֹΪԼһμ䣬ʲôܽܵġ
ֻǺ֡
˵ĳЩֺˣ԰ļĨˣ
ôҲ԰
ԵĻʵ۴ŲκˣԸ̸ģ˵ĳЩֺڵĸȫ㡣
㿴ȥܿհ
յĻٿȻһ
۾ֵؿͶӰ̨Ավһˡ
ԥ
ԥ诣ˣ
ΪԼѹ̫ˡ

˼ؿ
ԥȻǵǼ棬Ҳ÷ĴкˣǲǰҵĴˣ
ȻԼĴζԴˣҲľɻѴˣֻ˵ˡ
ԥ˵Զʱһ㶣ʲôûаǰ컹
ֵͷʺˡ
诣ǰ
׸ţɽգ˵Ҵɣ
ԥõ϶Ļش֮󣬺ԥ˵Ĵͣϣ˹
üɽһ䣺Ŷ칬ǻʹ
֪ʲôط
𾪵˵ҵĴᵽȥˣ
ϸ˵ҲļңΪҲǹҹ
ʵ۱²Ҫ˯ԣԴҲûйҹָ
ԥ֮Ĵϲ㻨԰ĴͣѪ׬źɱм䡣
诣ʲô
ԥѪ׬źɱţ˽˷ɴ
Ȼǰĺڷܲŵط˸ۡ


183 
ԥƺл˵
ʱ, ֻ˸ƣʲô˵ˡ
һߣ۳ѽҫĳ, һŵĸ
ǵ
һԥȻԼܳˡ
ҲЩĸΪʲô֣
诣
ʵúá
Ҳ֪ԭ
诣ȻӦʲôأ
ԥСؿһ, ƺοڲŲᴥŭ
ȻⷽѾоˡ
ԥҲûܶħ, Ͼ̫
Щߵ, ûбҪԣȻڹ˵, սһЩ
ֻǵħǱе, ԺԼͬǿȵĶ, սıҲԪܵıƴ
ԥֻ˵һЩ˵Ʃ˵, ֵ̫֮߱ǡ
񲢲诺ͽ֮Ĺϵ˵һ֣൱, ֪ɣ
诣, ǰؽ𡣡
ԥƽ, ˿, , ǰѽϵ
ΪͲµԷȥ棬Ȼ, ȷʵǳ, ˵
Ȼ𾪹, 侲Ϳʼ취ԼⰤɱ
ȫܸоԷʵѹԼɱҲһ֮䡣
ԥǰһ˵ǰѽʵѹֺͿͷŵͲǰСΪ䣬ĻںδٵߵһС
诲û˵¡
Ȼۼ֤ʹܣҲܸܵǰѽȷʵ;
ͬʱҲ̺ܵĽĴݻ
΢΢üı𡣡
ԥãȻؿ
ĸ֪ԪܴȻ޷жǵԻʵ۵
ԥҾñӦòҪɡ
ʵûôɵս˵ΪЩһ˲ģ˶ԣκι̡
ҺԥԪ˵¡
˵ھ󲿷ֵ۹Ľ߹ɺЩںϹԪܵĸֲ
ֻǸǿѡ
ԥЩ꣬Ҫɱʲôˡ㿴ռѲӵʱٵЩǵҵʱԱߣҲ֪ôģֶû̧վԭأһ˵ԾǨôһ߽Щӳƶ״̬ץ˹Ͷϴ棬ȻͰȫˣȥǿռЩǵкܶ඼ħȴûֿ
˼سһ
ԥΪ˼Լ¼״ˣұΪôˣӹһϾٶܶħһ˵סȻǸûӰķΧֱӺͷɴһҷˡ

诵˵ͷҲ֣ħǾûǰħ
ȻںԪܵˣΧ
ԥ˵ٴνˡ
ħǱбħ״̬ĹǼһûħ״̬˵
ȻԪˣ˵ҲƵĶδطҪһ
ЩЩͷͺ˵˵¡
ԥһԼʲô¡
һۣԥ˵ȥĻֱӽȥɣҪȹ۹գǸֻ²㡣
ⶼʲô߰ġ
ͷߣҲȥֻ룬Ҹĸݣܼܲĵȡ
ԥ֪뵽ʲôϱձɫ˼ӲŻع
ԥʹרŵռкܶ˸ͶȻܿ죬Ϊ̫ˣֻÿ嵥
Ȼ嵥Ҳֻǰʵ۱¸Ը࿴һۡ
ڴ󲿷˵ֻҪĹȥȷջˣǾܵõԻʹŵĸлš
ͳһʽԶ͵ģҲˡ
ЩͷںԥԺѸ诿һ۾Ц˿ͦడðɣûʡ
ȻûȶԷ˵ٴοʵȥӣʲôƼĵط𣿡
ԥЩؿ˼λش⡣
诣ô˵ȥӣУ֪ʲôɫǰװģ
ԥ
Ϊʲô˵ú˽һǰҲͼôΰɣ
ǽͨȥ˵ĻʱҲСʱ
诣ΪҾ˽㣬ҿԿʲôǰǴ򿪵һôĹȥڣδһ϶֪
ԥŶͷ̾һ
ľһжԼıӦ
ڰߵʱûΪԷǸǵСͽ俴ʲôġûˡ
ûһԸΪҪĶ󡪡
ûΪǵ˵Щ͸˵Ļ
᲻һİɣ
ôһҲ̫Ըȥ룬Ͼǲܵˡ
ԥε³˼֣к˹Ǽһȥȼ٣ǱҲЩطԷһ¡
û˵ֱ̫ףǳ˶
ҲĴָʾԼˡ
ܺá
Щطųˡ
ͬʱ￴صĻ档
ȷʵҲһȺٽȥЩѳȼ٣С»ѡʺԼĵطʹЩһȻȥ
൱ġӪҵɵĵطֶİǾưɡ
诣ΪʲôԼƼءŶҶˣṩķడ
ԥŶͷԭأȥ˵
诣֪ΪʲôҵķɴŶûشˣ㲻֪
ֱɾ޸ĺԥļˡ
θһЩʲôȽϺء
ĵš
ֶָԣʱڷԼ޸ģҲκˡ
ֻڼνϳ⣬ܻԼоԾ
ǶʹùƩֱӴӸǡ
ڼ䣬ѾۼˣռĽǡ
յµԿķ
ܸ֪ǵĴڣÿһ˵;״̬ٵ˼
Ǹ֪ߣģʽֻܽиһķרעڱķ档
ΣֻҪǽȻֻľżһվš
ȵȡ
Ȼջע
۾ļ䱻˶ֽŰԪ˧¡
ԥ֪£ȷʵ
δ䣬ǰѾʧˡ
ԥãһ˲䣬⼸жԻ诸ոճԼǰ¡
ҵԶչ
Ľ룬վǰһλϽҪ˵Ȼɫ
ԥҲ͵վ
׵أԭտյķһߴ޳Ӱ
ʳĹߴϷк£ҫѻڵĶ̷Ӣ覵ӡ
ϸĽâʹ˫̵УֱӰɴ
ڷ۵Ĭǰĳһ·Ƭʲôһ㡣
˰ʽװڵ׺бŻƽӲĽ´ϸ˿
ȫǸ߼죬ҪԪ˧£ȫɫĵ۹Ʒ
Ǹսؿڵѫɫ졣
ʵ۱µĴﲢ֣뼯塣
Ȼκˡ
¡
ԥ
ſڵһǷϹͬĶŵƣһһ˴ݶ
Щˣûп龰״Ҳʶʲô̸ǰ˵Ķˡ
ЩϵĽ콻𾪵
ô
¾ȻҲռ¸Ȥ
Ǳµ˰ɣȫϢͶӰɣ
Ǿ󲿷Ժ뷨
ЩĽǰż飬˶̧ͷȻ뵽һϵдԣû˸κηΪˡ
ǰĵ۹ͳ̫
ֻվʲôҲû˵ҲûκξٶĪ˾͸

ԥʶ뵽һ¡
ƺģĽһװ硣
ȻʽװѾ൱ѵõľˡ
ǰ۹״ıʽ޲ֱӴȥμء
ȵȡ
ⲻص㡣
صʲô
ԥֵţ£ǡ
һ˵һ߲ͷ
˹нӲͷƤУ£ǴѾǩ˳ŵ飬֤ǿ߼ȣκηעᴬֻ뾳Էǵ۹񡪡
ԥ㱨˼䣬ֿɵ飬֪߾ԲΪģϽʹ˸ɫ
˹Ѹ˵꣬ĬĬ˻ȥָԥͶȥһʵ
ԥͬظһ̻
һ룬ֱߵͨѶﵯڣȻ΢ʾ

ȻﰲţһȺйߵУѾƵϼ̶ˡ
ԥսս̧ͷ
ʵ۱ڲǿһ񣬡ôҪҸӣ
ԥѸײڶ֮ϳڣԿǴͨѶ
һȫϢӰ˳
Ԫ˧£Ѿ
Ǹ۾Ŀͣһ£Ȼ˻һˡ
гⲻġ
΢΢ü˵Ƕǰ̸׵ЭЩ뷨

ǽֵ˵ǾһᣬʵϣԪ˧£ʱǵĽˡ
ɿ˿ԥ
ԥ̵һϽûж˵ʲôѾѸ뿪ˡ
ǴΡΡȫϢͨ
ɿԱɫĺԥ
ԥȫҷʣ֪ǧ֮ĳ˵뷨ҲԲʲô¡
Ϊ˾᲻Լǰ磬ڿѾɵ̫ˡ
ɿȥƺ̫ģǵԼվԥţʵڿյӦúԼ޹ء
ͦ졣
㱼䣬ԥ˵˾ʲô
·ˡ


184 
ɹ, ſձ
ǵ۹ʽ̫ճУǹٷվ㣬ͬʱǺ˾š
ձⲿָͣ, мڴͿʹЩǧ׳ľδӡŲͬ˾Ļձꡣ
ʱ˿̣һǧ׳ĺջ䡣
Ĵ೨˶, ͨ, ձĽӲ໥, οǳ롣
ƽ̨ϵȺѾõ˿ʼǴͬʱҲ˴Ӵ߳
˵ȴת, Ҳֻɴ, ׼ȥձһȦٻ
Ⱥڴ۸ӵͨ･ɢ, ȥձͬ¥ԽԽ١
ϲڲвڸǺ˾ĻԱȺ, ɸֲϢɡ
һŮŲӯ߳οȺ˳һǶдʹֱͨһӡĳǺ˾̱ڡ
ڴվòµķ, رʾǻԱ޶, Ͻ֤
𷢹ͷ˵, Ȼ̧ɨ衣
׽Ա֤ʾ, ڵҲͬʱˡ
߽, ᳵ·ҹս
˺٣ܿЩǼͥ, Щǹ, ˶, ֻġ
Ψٽ۾ǽԱߵһϴСС˶ʮӣܱһȦɫʰ쵵Ľ֭ϣм仹һ߸ߵ
иڷ۵Ůߣǰʳ
Щӱһһա
ŮĬ߹ȥɤö֪¡
ʵڲļ泡Ȼǵǰλݣˣƺġ
Ӧǵһμ档
𷢹˵ǡ
˹١˹԰ɣ
ߵ̧ͷ
һ˵һ߶;վ
˵Ĵ൱⣬һͷɾ̵ĺɫܷ˸βһᱡˬװ
ֱӽҵ֡
پغͶԷ˸֣¡
ҲС
˵ǸҪڿܱ˶ţҵа취ҲңǱ˵ĳЩжеԾ
ĬȻԶԡ
Ϊ̵ĴʹߣǰپʹϼͬǱߣ˵һ֪¡
Ȼ԰ʵڲȤҲֻ֪诺ʦƺʶЩ֮Ĺϵ
ƫƫٺҲ죬ԸҲͲˡ
٣õǸҲóռ䴫ͣҲϰ
ӣҼʹߣ£ڼ㣬ȫˡ
գգ۾û֪ȻҼҲ޺ˡ
诼ԡ
һ̲סһ䣬ֻΪûңٻ𣿡
ȣ˵˱ȽϿףΣǵģҸ˵˵ʱɡ
ˡ
Ȼ˺ؿڵ˵ɴ󲿷ʱ򶼲
һ¡
֪ܻʵĸ⣬ȻȻ֮ġ
ȵȡ
֪ͻʵ۵ʵ˵ӦһģԻҲ֣Ҳֵñϰɣ
ȷʵ˵ƺλĸвҼʹڵĻҲĸǹͬȹҲûǸʵȥ֪ʲôط
ܸ֪˭ȥô
֪󲿷ʱ˫ģһԶǿһ˿û˭ǿ
ʹʹͽǣҲֻͬһλˡ
诺ȻЦˣҲǶ˵һ൱ֵʱ⡣
٣
תһ룬֪ҲܾãȥǻԺֺҪ·ġ
ʵ۵ڣ
û˼·ֻ÷⣬˵׷ʱǸ˼𡪡
ﻹ˭ܸţ
ոյ⣬
ôɱ˲δҹŵ鷳˵ЩײųԱΥҼ͵ģҲǵ۹ȥá
ԼЩ£ȻǶЩ˶һͬʵġ
֧߸δ뿪棬ʵ۶ûȥ֪ˣΪʲôҪ
˽𣿻֪в
٣Ƿƻͬǿ߿սҪĻһῪʼ׼
Ҳˣʲô
ΪҪػ߸¿ս׼ԤʩϾսֱܻӰλȶ
ǲһеභĽǷ׷ʧȥǣħʱ϶޷
ȫųĴУܻ𲻼ҲܻĹ򶼱
诺һ㣬ֵزĻоȣ
Һ׼βûľһоͽˡ
ûȡ
ҡҡͷǿתһЩԴԼʱȥλѡ
Ȼ
ŵȱȻѾԤϵˡ
诣Ҳ׼򣬲Ҫ
ɽвݵսǺܱ׼κ֮Ķս⡣
ֻȫû¡
诣ֻҪһЩʱһ¡
϶ʱ̸һ̸ǲܽģ֮ǰұӡ
Ͼںڶ̫ܿˡ
ƿֱ߿յ룬һװʳӣͬʱ˲ӣԣܸܲҵ㽨顣
ػ̺ʰЩյĲ;ߣͬʱ˵ڡ
ٿǰĺڷֵ˼ȣ޸ĬϵһҪƼ𣿡
ʵ

ҡҡͷѾų˼죬Ǿ仰ô˵ţů˼㶮
ȻԸûСָˡ
ζϵȻڵһ
ԶʤԷӡ
ٶ
ڳԺͷ֮ѡһԥѡǰߣԵòˣͿԿǺˡ
ĬĬͷҶˣҲҲЩţĿģ
Ȼ֪Ǹʲô״̬˳ǰЩһֱĳΣƶ尾ǿĹͬΡ
ͷţǿ϶ȳԳԺȺȻɶ
٣ȻˣҾǾͿ
۾һҵҲ˵ЩĵطҲͬ鷳·
ҲڼͨȷʵЩ顣
ŮǫЦЦ
ɹĿձֻһ֮ң
ձÿһСʱǰǺǵķɴ˵൱ˡ
ǰ𣿡
ûǵһΣֻѡһʥȽԶʤء
Ҳֱ֪Ϊ԰֮ǣǽưһĴڣĳң֮ءϿṩκĶ
˵ͣһ£Ȼڲͬǰԣڷϵ۹ɵǰ¡
诵˵ͷⲻұҲҵط߳Ա˵ࡣ
请һڶƵĽܣһԼ˳۵ģѡһλײ͡
⵹˾ֵ֣֮ǰڼҶĳ׬һ˻٣һȫõó֡
궩Ǯ̸̼˻ظʾһҷɴ
ʮӺ˵һҺС͹۹⴬ɴ뿪ձʻǿŵɫ
ҵĳȺںϣвϲ㶼ǿнɷģ֧š
²¥쵺ͽˮϡ
ʱڣͱƼʤأֻս֮ɶ˻Σ״̬
󲿷ְһ
ϱϣɶγʣЩнҲ׷ϴףû˭Һ͵۹ԡ
۹⴬ڴ󲿷ֶ͸ģڴľ
еĳƽȺصĸ¥价ſչʹʹȣ䣬ͬ볲ѨķȺ
ĺϵ׺űʯĵ죬ЩžǽĽˮ
һ·϶ڿ羰ͺȾơ
λֲƣűʮƿȫǵôȵġ
ϵ߲Ƿ˶˵ĻʱӦѾ𾪵˵ˡ
诽յľƿˣ⣬Ȼûá
ȷʵ
Ҳ¶źɫҲܻǰܺʱ򣬿ϧǣԽǿԽѺ
ֻ߻УֲȻǺȵ־壬ֻǻָʱҪԶԶڳˡ
ȻԪܣǾһˡ
ڵԪܶൽһĳ̶Ⱥ󣬻Ͼȫ״̬ˣΪǵ̫ˡ
ɴͬʱ̾˿
һ˵
诺ȻʱԼ˹ͨǵҹͬһ˵ĸܣͿƵĸо
ȷʵãֻҪǸ˱̫˯ȥµûڵء
˶һۡ
ԡ
źߡ
ˣʵӦǮҸոնˣǸ
ͷʹ˵˵ҲǮ
诣ʲô˼
٣Ŷ˸뿪֮ǰļߡ
诣
ķɣûѪԵϵ̳пܻ鷳ҺͽһЩ֤ݣ֤ԶֶŮ
诣
٣Ȼ۹ˣɹҲͳߡ
ϺȫֳԭȵĹͷα
ǵĹΪ˽˷˲ʵȨһЩԵְ
٣ֵߣʵ۹£д˿ĲȨ֤ϣҸͷΡ
ֻ诱һֱ¶⹫ǣǰ鹫սҲʱڲϯκιϡ
Ȼһ˺ܶꡣ
ȻҲнƬȫϢӰ񹫿ȥһֵܸߵ֮⣬ҲûиĹעˡ
ϾֻǸͷΰˡ
ȻһֵǵĹҲ˶ѡ
٣ϣ⡣
诣Ǹȷʵν
ַܲ˵ע⡣
йͷε˺ܶ࣬Σͨ˶ǵĹעȻȶЩҪء
课֣ȵȣҲʶӦǹ𣿱Ͼǰǹɣǰˣڲ
ҡҡͷʵ˵Ҳ˷𣿡
诳Ĭˡ
˼ӣԱߵһֵʵ˵ʵ۽ĻżӦûͷΰɡ
٣Ӧǵİɣ


185 
ȵǵִĿĵ֮, סײݣƵṩһٵ޿
¶̨ϣֱߵ̲, Ÿ־ζĲȡ
ʪĺ紵
¶̨һƬƵɳ̲ŲԵĺ棬ϵıճֳ͸ɫ, Ⱦ˿˿Ƶĸٻơ
ԶʻС, Щظ֪һ, Ǹֿɶԡ
ĬĬջؾͬʱƵ긽ָ, , ҹĺСҵô
ʵвϢ, ҲкܶೳܵݣѾÿˣɴֱԱߵмҡ
ٶһ֭, ҧܣϲȮ𣿡
诣УҪǿİɣȤࡣ
ȻöԷٸش, Ѿˡ
诼˵, ƻ衯
٣ϲķ𣿡
诣, ҶǸûʲô뷨, , ĻСӵ˼
ҡҡͷǵ, Ƿɽֹ, ĻǼҵȽ, Һȷ˶׳״̬ûģǵǴ뽻ĻҪôþҪôϢҪô
诣
Щǵİˡ
诣д衯
٣ϲˮϹСĦֺͧǱͧ
诣û˻ǷˣҪô½ϣҪôڷɴԿԣѡ
˵ڲ˵ϻ˸Ȧأɣ
йоأ
ȻȽʺ˶ĵ
ٵͷȻ϶дĵһĹ˿ͣǣӦû
˵ɾ͸ɡ
Ѹֱߵӣͬʱ˸ײͶȻվҪȥ𣿡
ҡͷǼҵȥ˺ܶΣˣȥһҡ
诣Ҫȥĸ
٣Կס
诣Ŷ
ǽһ
һ£˫峺۾ֳ︡һ˿ԥҪҺһ𣿡
еЦ
ԷȥǺԸԼҪҲܾ
Ȼ诲ûⷽ뷨ǵãÿġ
Ҳǡ
𷢹˵ͬһҪԺҡ
´ĺ£ģġ
¶̨Ѻø𣬷ֱŲͬķȥ
课ֱһ⣬ת˲䴩ʮľ룬ӵ˺ӵ²Ĵ¥Ӱ֮С
ȻһƬֵĽ
ʱֵˮϡϵĽֵʪнϵ·˼ֵ࣬˴롣
ǧԶĿУϲȺ
Ȼڼ˵Ͷ似£ЩĽĹܵģ̵ȵȶӰ
̧ͷֻܿʹŻƵա
һͣŸָˮؾߣԼһЩˮõ
һǸֲļ״Ϊɵݻ
ˮǽŲɫĹĻɽɫɫĵɣ︡Ųϱ任ȫϢӰ
֮ǰѾԤԼײͣվſھܵһӭ
С㡪
һװĵվǰ棬֮һһòӢķˡ
ӭ
λȻˡ
ģҲ൱־ڵĶ̷Ͳ԰׵Ƥһ˫ˮɫ
һڽӴбｫֽϸߵ֮һ⣬Ҳϲӡ
ò΢΢Цţϣ۵ġʹûҲûϵϾҲܰеĻﶼſڡ
诵˵ı󣬴Щݵķˡ
¶ʱһЩñǩ
ǰ⼸˶ǰԼı׼ѡģְָףеĽ׳еȳƣ췢ڷУĤɫҲʰ쵡
ֵȻ˵
ǶǶƷƳģٶǻƽë
ţҺڴʲô
һ˵һ֣һһסˡ
ߵĺ췢ۣһɳ̲ĻºͶ̿㣬½볨ţļ⺬ʵϸϸĴͼ
˫ֱֳûëϻźڰ鴩ɵӡ
ʲôϲĵطֱӸңΣͷ۾ɫ
Цݿ˵
ȻʶһǧĴͻ̬ȼΪ飬Ҳû˱ֵù˲ʡ
⣬µʱӦҲǵĳŵ飬еڲȫ滻ģҾ׼ɱ򡪡
˵ڼ䣬读Ҷͬʱһˡ
ұߵĺڷۣž׳ϰؿڴһ׵ö״׹ĦŴʯš
ֻһΪƤ㣬˫ȸǵʵʵȻΪ̫һɼ
诿ſžЦˡ
ԼϵıΪ¶ǣԱܵĻﶼͣһ¡
Ǹ
ûʲô˵ҳ˺ܳʱ䣬ոջüڡ
Ȼͷ֮ף졣
ȷϹ˿ʱû֮뿪ˣұʾҪֱùԡ
źëͺëķȥ߹Ӱҵȣ̤֡ȺħĴ
һװ޳ɹʽ񷶥һƬīɫҹա
ޱ޼ʵԶţҹĻ׺ӣ̵Ļ״
Ƭҹɫֵмһ޴ĵ״Բ̨ΧṩˮĮ̇߳ƽ̨Ƿ˵̨
˻Ų̋˵ںȾƣ§ŷȡ
̨ıԵһȦƻתţͶһһĹΧһӳյð߲½롣
ܱߣˮǽֳʮ䣬ʱʱп߽ĳ䡣
ҲŸһõĸſˢ˹ԣͽԼˤɳϡ
קסڷ˵󣬡ɣװġ
߹˳Աߣͷ
ˮǽĻ£ɵ͸״
̸ָͻЦƱײ춯ĦʱĸO@
ҲŵָϢЩŨǳ˵ľ㣬ŻݹߵҷԼģϵζ
ɲô
Լ⵽ͨ˵ĳ̶ȣЩŵϢͽʧˡ
ֻס˵ĲָûЩůڵķ˿䣬֪ǵһͷ
ζ貵Ĳʹиһ䣬ƺֵ״
Ѥ̻ĹͬĻк£ǵϡ
ǽϻζӰһ𣬲ֱ˴ˡ
§ס˵ֱ΢΢սָⰴѹЩͺʵļ⣬Ź̵¶ȡ
š
ܲ
Ϊţ˸߬ס˷˵Ĳɳϡ
߼Ȥ˶¼˶ģʽƵл൱ҪָҲԸʹߵĶ
ˡ
ԶҹĻ¡
˺׾ȴҹʱ䣬·Զһ̡
;ȥ¥ϵ׼䡣
ԭ诵ǰʮƷӰڲˣռҲЩͲͻˡ
ڼһλֱ
诺һ۱⡣
Ƕ飬ʮԪһһҹײֵ𣿡
ĵĻէһۿȥʲôУһǵװޣĲȵпϵģһķˡ
ۿǸͷƯ
Ҿøոյĺë˱ķ˸ÿǿ˵𡣡
ײʮģﻹиأײԽ߼Խ߰
Ϊʲôڿ˰ҾøոյĺͷĽҲƯ
ǶڿˣǺëˣ˼ҴŹأ˵˾ˣ˲̫ðɡ
ҵĴе죿ļ
һҼںÿˡ
ѾԼ׷ˡ
ûںԼǷ뾵Լ»᲻ʲôƩ籩¶Լλá
νˡ
û湻
ʱ뿪

׶ǡ
ʹϲ㡣
۹鱨־ֳڻſڣЩǵؿŹԡ
ڹǶԣʵۿǸЩصĴڣǻÿһκӴĻᡪʹֻԶԶһۡ
Ȼڵ۹Ҫ߹˵Ҫ
ҵѸٿʱӲͷƤ߽ȥ
¡
ŬԼȥƽһЩǸ
ڷ۵վͼͶӰ̨ԱߣоĳƫԶϵ
ֳװû
Ҳ׼˵ϻΪ˭֪ʵ۲ϲ
ҺͰع񣬲˵ϢҪ㱨
һ룬ڷתͷ˫
еȫ䣬ȻôʮߣѹȸȻܣҲܼ֧š
Դ¼µ沿Ϣ֮ǵĳԴһֱڽнƥ䣬ʱ޿̡
ͣһ£ǰյݿƥĹԴͷһֱƽ̨Ƶ


186 
δ, ֳеݰʧˡ
ƺվԭûǸʧݰѾǰ
浯ССĽͼͼƵȡ
ЩھڰУؽ֮, ÿһ涼ޱȡ
ڷ۵Ů§ź췢ķˡ
ǴƵǰӡ
תǴЩ谵Զɨŷiϡ
ڹⰵ䡣
Ůķ˿, ԸߵüǺ΢, ڵĺĤӳӰ, ͸¶΢⡣
Ȼܺ
ҪôǷԼ״̬, Ҫôͬ˱˵ľ״̬
ֳһ, ׳ŵӿڵ, ں֮ҼпıԴҪȼǿ߿ս, ҽһЩ׼
á
ɵ˵ǲܽĻ, Ͳᱩ¶Լ
ֳ
ȥкܶ໰˵, ȻҲ֪λ˾Ƣ
ʱ߶ڽЩλв
ʷЩƵľһ, ʵ̫ϵ, ЩڸĹ
ǻ;͹ŵĸ߲, ȻҲΪżһЩЩԴ⡣
ƩħˡƩһЩħ˵¡
ǵʵ۱ֵ̫һڵ۹ͬȼǿҪô뿪, Ҫôʲô, ĳЩѶС
Щ֮, һһֱעġ
۹ãʵ鹫ĹͲƲָָļ̳ߣҽǸ˵ͷμӷ
ĵ۹ûзٺ»ЩֻͷΣûʲôʵʵӰ졣
Щ˷֮Ʃ˵֮⣬ʵ۶ЩСȤ
Ψϣˡ
һ˲䣬۹鱨־ֳʶµĴ𰸴žҪˮˡ
ȻԱߴʵЩ
ӡòརӵȫԱ
ڷ۵ͷһ˵һڹԴȥ
⻰Ȼ˵ָӹٵġ
ֳĬĬ뿪ˡ

ǡ
ҡ
ԭɫգʱ·𳹵ױڱΣڳİӰ·һƬյֶ¡
ΪأҲ˹ٿأϵԪսϲʧص
ܿ죬֮ǵľοǾͷ֣ⲻսӰ죬ǡ
ǽӣ
ΡΰĴʹ󽢴սܱߣ֯һܲ͸ľ
ʥ۹ĵҫ貵Ĺâҫ졣
ͬӹǣڳΧԶ뽨ȺĿм۶Ȼ󽢶뻮һɢ
ٲֱִ˳
Χ˵ˮ¥ΪܼƿҰΪͶӰڱҵĽȺ
˴ֻ档
ԲۣѪ׬ţҿ
Ǳµ𣿣
ˣǸ߷°ɣ
߷˳һརӣҶˣͣոۻû
རֱڻʵ۱ˣڻ̽ӣԱΧ׼൱̣еս˵ͺš
Щȫ۹Ҳڶҵġ
Ȼ֪ʵҪڵˣӴ󲿷ʱħˣľΣ

ЩͣһƬΪֵĽϷ
ҵ֡
̴ӵһΪݻֻˮǽĻŵƻԡ
ɴǴڷΧУûôС
ǽڻ˸ϼв㣬û˸ɧʹĺ
ǶߣȻƽƽҲû̶ֳȡ
˸о쳣ʶ̧ͷ濴ȥ
ĹȻûôɣȵ˼ҴҵظϵʱȴѾѹѹվһƬˡ
Ϊ׵ĺڷԳϷ񣬿ȥƺ൱ˬ
һȺŮŮŶ죬ֻǴʱ̬ׯϰ鶼ûС
һܵһֱȴؿǽϡ
Ҳòȥ
˲ù̱£ֱԱ߹ȥӲͷƤǰ£ӭ٣ҡΪЩʲô
֪ӦƸʱԼܻһЩ۹سȴûڹʱʵۡ
Ͼ߿ȥȫǻֵطǲ͡
׼룿
ſڵĺڷ국˵Ǹղµˡ
졣
ӼдȻ֪ǰиûϰһ޶ײͣʱЩ֡
͵ؿ
Ȼʵ۲ԼȨֱӽշȻʱ˿û˾ʲô£ϾֻҪվͻ˸еϢ
ɾֱ߽ȥˡ
Ⱥǻһ㣬ǰ˱һξ룬ԥԱߵ˵˵
ҸоˡйơֱӴͽ
Ǳ¿϶Դơ
ǸƾõİֱӲҪ
ûȫס
ȻҲԼҲҪס
Ŀŷ׷ױ
ȻЩģڸܣɧ޲˶⣬ֻΪǿ˼䷢ʲôڽǶŹ
ĸѳ¼ҲзֻǴԶԶЩ͵ŵ꣬ȫûС
ȻЩͷˣŵðѾƱӷˡ
ʶ۾Һȸ𣿸ղ߹ȥǸеǻʵۣ
Ȼǿ˸룬Ϊ׵ļǾĸ߲żŶʶЩ
ֱӱŵˡ
ʲô

ǲԶ󿪡
ѵʲô㣬ϸˣϴǮ޶
ҲҵѲħˣ
Ҳűɱɡ
ҾӦûֱӰΪƽأ֪ǴŻҵһǡ
ֲ׵Ĳ²ð˳˶£ȻȻ
ȫ£һֻ˵״̬
课еһԱ˵ǰѾˡ
һִܵ߼ṩľˮм۶λϡ
ڷŮԲɳϣµĵذˮƵĵ⡣
ǰһС͵̨һòӢ˫ֵ̥ܣǶǳɫĶ̷ʹ̵
ϰļ޳ֱۣ价һɵıʯж֡
һ߿ΧǸֹ裬һͬʮ˵״̬
⵴⣬еǺ߼Ժа롣
ͷصĹĵ·شûڶĤϡ
ʱ꣬ٴθеۡ
ȫٵġ˵ĸܡ
һԷܡ
§Ż˵ļ֧ŵ֨֨¸µ
ЩԻҵĵƹԾššһŤĻǵĺˣˢھ޴ĵɫϡ
ڶ𱻿ɵգȻһжģļӰ
СһƬǰ
̾Ϣſס֣˳㽫۱ķƵһߣоô
գգۡ
ǰİ׷òiģƯƺŹâ
ҿģȻһҿܺܿҪ·
׷ֹ˼䣬ͬװģҲ»ֹһˣ
ûش
ҲòŻشˡ
֪±˺ˡ
ͬһǽڣССҹţÿһͫ׶˷ܵš
Ȼǲϱ仯״̬żͬĵطżˢˢĳ
Щ־֮⣬ԶĹ˿Ƕ𾪵ؿ˹
仯𣿡
ǲٵħ
Ǹף
ŵˤ˾Ʊ
̨ϵ˫ֵ̥Щˤȥ
ȻǷˣʱŵؿԼĽ
˭뵽һǧ޺ȻǸز¶Ķ֣
ħʲôܣҲΪĳ˻ħǰûʧؽ벻תħ״̬
ɳ׵ħˡ
̣
̣һΪںԪ֮ǻϲʹ̬
⣬ϣұһȻ˶Ե𣿡
ðɡ
׷̾˿˳תЩܵˣɣʧˣ綼͸ˡ
ħƻһȭܽдûҷ
Ҳǡ
ΧĿҲʶһ㣬ǿռߣһ˲ܳǧ֮⣬Ǹʧˣá
ǿһЩ񾪿ֵؿǸڷ
˫ֵ̥ܼǿһ
ֻϰǿˡ
ֱۺСȼⶼͣƬһͬʱֳſ
ȻЩȺ̽ڵͿѲһƿƿи߰ĵʳ

ǾֵؿЩƿӱӶӲ
Ҹʲô
诺Ӧֱִ֣˸ָ
˺ȴ˿־壬عԭȵ״̬û߶࿴һۡ
ǶԽ𷢱۵ֵҲ裬ľȫʧֻʣЦ⡣
诽ħ̬£ӴռͳһǧԪƱȥģ˵ûǮǲġ
̣˵Ҳɡ
诰ѳƱ͵ǰ˹ȥᱡֽ׷Ʈ䣬άϻƵͼ
һǮʮ
˫ֵ̥ϲ񣬼ĶеĵϵĳƱ˸ɾ
ǿĳƱֹЩֻǵһͶѡ
лл
еĸ΢ЦŴչȥ˽ߡ
չأʱȣȻʾûеĻͼȥˡ
ܵһ߹
΢΢ü
ҲǵһֵطҲΪ˽⣬ú߶벻ܾ
ȻڷŮ֣ץסĽ𷢣֪Ҳ˯һҲǽ𷢡
У
诣Ҳ۾Ȼֵʵÿ裬ѹ֣Ҳϲ˴һ𡣡
ָЩõĽɫ˿ιҺȾơ
诵ֱٴθֳЩ͡
˫ֵ̥ܹɵض˾Ʊ
̣ҾҲȥȵˡ
ƳһۣǸģҪҵӣϾǰһֻзҶȹѾˡ
ԪܲԵʣЩͷζĸʵûô
Ȼɱͬ˻ܽӵﴫĸܣее¥ϡ
ǳƴҲԼȥо
ǰĹӰֱʣϵ˸Ȼһ˲䣬ӵͳø߿ڼʱ̣ȫȫ
ȵֱߵƿӶȿˣֵûõµָʾ֪òȥµľơ
读جج̱ԭء
һƬš
ʧˡ
ֻһЩǳĺһЩҵ־
·пĺ˪Ƭռ䡣
ձԽԽѹ֣ȻĦ׹عײ
ƬƬڹ򵹡
ǲĸԸ񣬶Ǳǿѹѹȡ
诸ոһѳƱֱ߻ʮƮƮµֽ·ͣʱѩ
͸һһűֽţһˡ
ĹӰŵĿߴĺڷ߽
սʱļͶһƬζӰ
һ˲䣬读Լһȭ
Ϊ̧֡
Ŷ˵ͬھ״̬ʮֻң򵥵˼ά
ÿ𣿡
Ǹ˴յøˣ΢ָƤָס°ͣǿ̧ͷ
ŮڵܷɢҵɳϣϵııɲȱĲϣǿǿǰȿҲȸ
Ŀţ֮ǰʲô
ڣ¶˭


187 
Ҹո˵ʲô
Ժš
ûӶԷϸевϢ
ͨڶԾΣյĴڡ
ζΣ, ٸƻǸǿ񶼶е˻֮
ıжϣЩͬͻ̼, Ȼ̻صȫѵ״̬
ȻûС
˵θӶ䣬ƣŭû, , ץȵȡ
ܲһ, ûҪ˺Լͷ
Ȼ诲Ϊ˸ж
Ϊ˭һ㡣
˭
Ժʵ˳ץס˶Է
ԶһƬ
Ƕ΢, ȴȻܱ׽
һЩԽҵ, üܵˡ
ȥϸ˼ЩӦζʲô, 񲻾ǰЩ˿Լħ֫Ҫˡ
ңǰƺһ˲ҲӲˡ
ַ·˵ܣ޳ָһͣԭ
诵ֻץס˵, Ź⻬ϣʵļĹǽڡ
ֻǡ
֮Ǹ˲ڡ
΢΢ͷ, ϸĺڷɨǰ, ǷӢ, ƺֳЦݡ
Ҳһı顣
ڷٴθս, ͳ, һˡ
ɤصڶϣȥ޲, ȴ͸һֵֹͷ, ·״Ʒƽ˾ĺ, ɵصķ籩
Χ˳׵׵С
˷·ˣľ㽩Ӳԭء
һЩʹٵ״̬
·һ仰ĩա
诣
ЦҴһкܶҡ
öԷӷŭˡ
νš
Լܵ˵仯һ
Ҳ֪
ͣ˼ӣԷҧгݵ˵һ
üŶԼ˵ġ
ɣ
ҪȥݳҲ﷢ʲô
Ȼָʲô
ΪȻֹСʱӦǰĶ˲ֹһѾˡ
ɨϼʵǣԼԶЩͷķˣȻصǰŮԵϡ
ڷ۵ŮȥһӣŨҵľ
Щľһ𣬷·˶͸ˡ
ɲΪЩƾ
ɺ£ͬ
ûȶԷشҧһ䣬𡣡

ԥѾĿɿڴӶҪˡ
֪֮һЩ£ʱȻȵԸӣĶԴ֪֮ٵ˾͸Ǹеˡ
ǱѹڵϼֱȻҲд˾֣·ɶͷ˾˰滻ˡ
Ȼ൱ʵǹȥÿһεجһ
ԥλøǰҲ̧ͷֻǿֳڵذϣԪܵѹȼĸйʧ
ҰľﶼЩģֻϡ׿Ӱζ
Ṉ̀ɳϵˣվڵϡ
ڷŮĶϢȴȻûͬ״̬µĳĳ̶ֳȴ̼
һĦ˺Уħ֫ٴ¶
СϸֳϸĺۣͿűһӰЩƵĴ뻶ֵѲ
һƵԥߣͷͶһԲ顣

ҪҲҪҲҪң
ԥ˻
޲굽طȥ
ȥ졪
ԥϤİŮǰǸ˸۾ԲתŶס
ԥ
˰ɡ
ɣ
ǰ־˷·˼
诲ûͷȥΪ״̬£ϵ۾ʹϵ۾ûʲô𣬡ǸֻǾ졣
ǰŭЦҺ
ûȥ۲Ĵ붼ʲôλãһˣȻ֪ڿԥ
Ҳ졣
أ
诣
ⶼʲô⣿ʲô
ھ鲻ԾҪ˼һµʱͬ״̬ʶȡˡ
Ȼ˫ޱϤ̵ӡ

һַ϶ͷֱ壬Ŷþò
ްضӿŰ
кܶ໰˵ֻǳĬźߣǧҲֻһͬʺ
þò
ô˵
˼ؿ
ǰ˴װƽбؿڣѫµĽ洹ų׵ĺʵ񣬹Žʲҫߡ
ľװʽƷϣװΪʽ¡أԽĵüȳģԵָ߹
ڷ΢΢ͷɢ鷢˿Ʈ˫纮̶Ӱȥס
Ȼ˧
һοժʱľԸӣΣķ龰£ûȥ˼˼ƵĿԣǲܲǰȥڨ
ָоʵֹǵһμʱеġ
ܶദʱտʿ˵ٴθּܵ¶
ʱ˿̣ڷ۵վǰ棬һ覴õӢͦǷ
һԲؿˮƵΨԼĵӰ·Ǿ硣
请˵㾢Ŀƿǻط˵ɡ
ܣֻһȺȹ򵹻ſڵϵˡ
ȻĨǵļ䲻ʲô£ȻֻΧʺϳʱ̸
ȻҲֻкġ
΢΢ףȥġ
ڳһϤӡ

ַӦƺٴΧˡ
͵ĺԥ
ȷʵֻܾط˵
ʵ۱´Ӧһ̣Ѿ˲ˡ
Ϊߵĵ۹Ӵ֮һԥ֪˾Դ鲻ܲʣȻһҪĳºйأô൱רС
ͨûбĻᡣ
Ȼѧרҵ⣬Ҳٲ¡
Դʱ˿̣ԥȫû뵽ɾȻܿѯʱˣǶͬǿߵ

Щǰûô˵

룬Ļʹɡ
ƺЩ⣬ҲԣҪôȥ
诣ֱȥ¡
֮ûȥ׶ǣܶλ𣿡
󲿷ֵڶͷˮϾ⼸֪ģʵۿһ˲κεط
Դ˲ƴͣ׶ƶ˼أ
һ˻ػʹǻ׾ٵ£
ƺҲЩˡ
գգ۾ĺֳ︡ζܸоϾ۹ģ׶ǵ۹ģĹϲ㡣
说˸ָʧԭء
ѹȻɢȥˡ
ȵǷ׷վʱʶʵ۱Ҳʧˡ
ݵļž֮Ⱥʱը˿
ЩĽ͹ԱǣǻĹ˿ͺԱǣһȫˡ
⵽ʲô
֮ǰűץģû뵽еǸ˼ˡ
ǸͺܣȣȻǲ֪ĹϵҲ˵ˣǵͷء

翴ֹ⻷˾ļӳ֣ɿǸĶ
ȻǶЩ˽ˡ
Ǹ̻ϵĻǶ˵ֱ̫Ҷ
ϲĳˣô˲ϲȫġ
Ƕһɡ
ԥҲͬС
Ȼǰ˼£Ǹ诣ϲһˣֻΪǸ˵Ըڡꡪ
Ҫӱϻʲôϵ㣬ҲҪṩİȫлǱǿ;ȵȡ
ۿǸ˭ˣ

Щརӵָӹٺͽǽ˷ܵ
ԹȻǵͷɣôǰͿʼˣҵʱΪʲôԭǵһ졣
զ֪˫ͷ
˫ͷΪʲôȵ˶ϲ˵Ϲʮ˸ء
𡣡
ϹҪô˵Ӵʹã
˵
˴˴ԥΪʲô˵죿ʶ𣿡
ԥոҲС
ΪһĿĵأ˵ʹ֮ɿ϶ֱˡ
˭֪
͵ؾѹǰʶɡ
˵ĵһƺڰϣԼʶ诵֮ǰˡ
ԥػɺܶʱΪ¡
Ԫ˧˵ףܻһκͱµļɡ



188 
׶ǡ
ʹϲͣ
վڰ׸ŵǰſڴ, һҫĴ󽢣⻬˳ȾȻЩõ
ȥתһȦ, ־Ҵÿһάһβ䣬ɳǱɵġ
ҲĴ׼, ʱ̡
߳
һͣ޽ͥԺ, Ĵλ, ⰻȻԶǲϺӽĻԡ
лڴЩֲ, ǵжǳ, ûз
λ, ÿߴ粻ͬȻΪضĴ졣
ͷԱߵɱţԭѪ׬ŵͣλ, ΪңλϿտյġ
Ҷдʹ׸ǱȽϱ׼ʹ, ǵĳߴ綼˲١
һǴһδ, ƿȦɵ㡣
诣ɱ, ҽǵHϵе콢, Ҽǵߵʱ⻹Ǹ, ԾǨרŵԸɣйʧ𣿡
ûС
ͳĻشԾǨĴҲࡣ
诣ҵ⡣
û˵
תͷȥ
վ׿ĵط, ˼ضԼ
ϣ˹״, ͣϲһƬƽ̨
Ϸκνڱ, ůк£̺졢ڲ״̵ͥԺ
ҷɴĴҲҫ÷Խâͬˮţ߲ʵĹΡ
ڷһԲؿ
΢΢ʱ˳ϹϸĽԣڳҵĹ˫Ҳյͨ͸
̵ĺĤǳǾӨıһ˪Ƶ·Ҳڻˡ
诲ɶ࿴˼ۣ㼸𣿡
ɳĬӣͳػش𣺡κ¡
诣ΪʲôҵķɴŲ
ǵոմӷɴһŴ˰죬˵֮ˡ
ȻȴûΪ׼𰸣Ի˼˼ӣ͵ĴֹһΡ
Եֶηַ࣬СƷСƷ͵ɴȻҲзɴ͵
ɣǰҰɱ˰ѴŻȥ
ȻԲκ˳밢ǵĿոۣȻֱӰѴߡ
֮Դ󶯸ɸ껹ţֻ˾֪ʱҲ֪£ΪɴڰǶʧˡ
ûбȥʹ˼Ȼа취ߴɣҲ̸ϡ
ɣͣĵطҲ㡣
诣ȻңҵĴ
Եؿ
̾˿
͵ǸͺѾͣˣмַˡ
͵ҪǿܣֻҪʾܸɣڲ˵ͨʽŪһǮѶԶԶֱԡ
۹ڵķ½ҪٵǱ͵թƭһİȻǲٵġ
οİ׸Ŷһֱͣԭȷʵױϡ
ǰǽŵĵ̻˵ҲΪŽµģ˭֪ˣȻͲһˡ
诣˵ʵΪ˵ҵĴͣĻʹҵң˲٣˹𣿡
ɣҿһЩ飬һ˵뷨ҪǶ
诣ȥʲô飿
ɣ޻̸
诣
۵̫ˡ
ĬĬ⣬ðɣ˵ʵûָڻκһѡ
ɣ
̲
Ŷԣֻܻѣѡ
Ȼʶ⻰˵ûˣΪ诲û˭Լȥֵģܵûô졣
ͣһ£վʲôû˵š
诣ҴŲµл˵ʵŹȥ㣬ʵĳʱ
ɣܾ𣿡
ʵһ᲻ǰء
诲˵ڣ֪һܾ㣬㻹𣿡
΢΢ҡͷȷʵл˵ҲҪκ£ֻҵĸܸ㡣
ü
֪ⲻΪʲôЦĻ¶ӵӲţҵ̶ȣڶԷﶼûʲôӺͱƸˡ
˭֪˭ĺʷء
诱ֱۣ
ǰˡ
ŮŨ̵ܾĺɫܷɢ䣬ϹŲƵıģƮƮǰȥ¶һؾݵ
ĿӵǲپߣȻǽٵÿĲϣҲֻǿסȸֱ˫Ⱦͼȫ¶š
մѪǸոսһս״̬ˡ
Ȼ֪սǲ龰ˡ
⸱ӣǻ˼໭棬ȥЩɱΧʱǿźǱ
ġ
ܶʱƬδ¡
ĶѪ˺ۣɼǵˣˣѪմȾźڷһһƣȫȾ죬һƤ
Դʲôо
Ҳûʲô
Ͼ⼸Ǳؾ֮·СʱҲΪֶˣֻٶȸ죬ʹǱʱ̰ˡ
ҲûС
ɣǸ
诣Ϊʲô
ɣ¶ȵľȫжʧ󣬶Ӧõһʱȥ
ʼ磬ûɱңǼµĽҳˣԭ㡣
ɻܶνĳڵ۹֮ǰ֪뿪֮ǰ
ʱΪԼܿͻףܾͷڼСʱ֮
ããǺأǶڳ˵µľ룬ԻҲֻһ˲䡣
ֱˣʶǻ꣬Ƿлһã¡
ϾںԪܵˣҲпɢġ
̬߱ԶĴڡ
ÿ뵽ֿ͸е־塪ʶ˵İģȴϤˡ
ȵȷصȻñûôҪˡ
ֻҪھˡ
Ȼô˵ȥˣڻ￴һĻеŭˡ
ɣÿһҲûŭʱϵð
⻰൱֣ǣ̾˵ʲôˡ
诣˵ЩȥǺҳԴ׼Ľ޵ı֣Һ˹ϵܣҶĳ˼ʱ𣿡
΢΢ҡͷǡȥǾǼʡ
š
ϵ൱
诵˵ͷʲô
ɣܸӡ
诰ڳϴ̬
ɣǴһݵĽǶȡ
ѻǰ
κθԼ⣬ġ
ɣҶйЩǴġ
ͼξԼȻϸڡ
ǿ϶ǲ̫ġ
ǺϻˣζҪ棬ȴףһΪԴ׶
ô˵ء
ܵ˺ʱһЩȷʵֻܷʱôãʵνˡ
ʼ磬˵ֵͦģҽܵǸʱ̫ԭ㡣
ƺҲش𣬲û¶κβޡ
诣ԣҪΪ֮Ǹ𣿡
룬Ǹ֮ǰ£
Ǽһ
ܺĸо͸Ǯ
ЦеؿûϵˣĻҿʱ¿ʼ
̽Էĵߡ
Ȼֻƽؿ֪
诣˵ǵĶԻ֮ȥ߻طĻôʹࣿŭνҾ
ɣ֪ɣҵĸоҴǸең
ܽüִ𰸣ȥϸ룬ɴֱˣķ棿
ɣЩǷˣʶκһˡ
诣
Ȼ
ɽ˵ǰҼġˡʦһ𡣡
诣Ȼһŭ֮°ȫɱˣ
ɣ
ûôֻϴǵļǹˡ
ɣ֪Ҹеʹ࣬аûڣȻٴθеҡ
⻰˵൱ѣǲϰʹľʽʹԼô߸е졣
ɣΪ˹ͨͽ̣֮䷢£ʶйϵԽ࣬Խûôںǡ
ں
ǿ϶ġ
ںĳ̶ȾԻΪݼ
诣
֪˵û
ÿ˸ĸоһںĳ̶Ҳһ
ܶۺЩ˵뷨ںڹͬȻֹ޷Ļ
˾͸ˡ
ȻΪһǶЩռְߣ˵ղЩ˾е㾪ˡ
诣ľң
ɣרעذĳˣȻ
ε̾˿ˡ
ɣֻϲ㡣


189 
诣
ǰ涫˰, ټ϶Ը˽⣬ΪԼʵʵıˡ
תˡ
ɿȥƽֻڻشʲôһ, ˵ҲҪ𰸣㷢κ󡣡
Ƿһͬĸ飬ҲǷԸͬҵ׷
𰸶Ƿ񶨵ģ
诲̫ȷš
Ϊ뱻ܾԸɴ಻ˣ
ɣֻ¡
˼
˵ʵԼҲ鳡, Ѱֵľ˵, ͱȽƶˡ
֮, ûкκȷ¹ϵ
ЩԻ룬㲻ҵ뷨, Ҳ׷, ϲҵʲô
ɣӦøһ͡
Ŷ
⻹ǵǸײ͵һ֡
˵ԼЩеɡ
诣ѧġ
ɣ㰮˱ﰮ⣺΢İߡ
ͷ, ˣҪֹͣЩĶˡ
ȵȡ
诣ţʵϴǱһô, ȷʵͦϲѯѡĻᶼûС
һԲţ˫ȴǳŹ, ·ĳʮרע״̬
诣㿴ڡ
ɣ
诣ڼ˵Ļ, εѧһ
ɣ㲻ϣô
诣㲻, ʵ˽, 㵽ϲʲôأϲദʱչֳһԸҿԸȫʵ, ǲȫҡ
Ҳ˼˵˽ȫ, Ҿͻı뷨
诣һ, Ҳ˵ı뷨, ΪҲ˽㣬ûֶԡ
ͣһ£ദ꣬󲿷ʱҪôںҪôڳҪôһԷǡ
΢΢ҡͷľ㲻˽𣿡
诣
˼ؿ֪Ƿֿ֮ʲô𣿡
ʶʵϷʲôҲ׷Ǹħ׷ʧ֮棬Ȼײܵʥ˰ɡ
诽ǰһ飬Ȼؾ˹ٽӵˣȻҲǸʹǵĵˣš
Ҳͺܼ׶ˣҲҪҰɣʥǷˣֻܴʧ֮ʱ㻹Ʋǵʱ٣ܻᵣĽȥٳһӹȥü꣬οʥܸܵҲԼʲôġ
̧ͷ˫ٴα
ɣΪʲôȥ㣿
诣֮ǰΪϲңȻʱϲңµȼӦúܸ߰ɣƾһ棬϶ȥ
ɲͷ
˫ʱ࣬·ڱε֣˼ӣȴֳֽЦ⡣
š
΢΢ף㶼˵ˡ
ͣһ£Ȼ൱ֱ׵سϵȼܸߣߡûʲô±Ҫʱôġ
诸²ۣԺٿһҲ£û̳ңʵһع˼ɣһΪ㲻ȷ뷨㲻֪ôദɡ
ʱδȫȷϲƢõҪһǼ桪
ȻǰһܻΪ˻˯˻ڽϺ˭üȥ
ĻҪֵҲܺܶΣһξ͵÷ȥ
Ҫǿ
ǵ˵Ѷˡ
˵Ҳܾᣬܸɴʱŵһߣרעǰ鷳ˡ
ϾʱʥΧһҲʲôǵĻ
ٴεͷĶĿ϶֡Ҿ㻹Ǻ˽ҵġ
诿һۣΪζš
ɣ˹ͨһս֮սǰ
ֹ
Ҳû
ɣڼ䣬ץסӴȤˣɱһˣһɱһˣȻ㷢̫δ
说Ϊʲôô˵
֪ȥ¡
ɵ˵
ۺĹȥܣϾһʱͨĶǽϴֵǵЩѪȿɲĳȻˡ
һҲ֪Щߵݣ֪ʲô¡
οɻۺļ䣬ܿ˶٣ЩȵţҲܴ˵
ɣҲľЩӰ죬޷õȶĹϵ
ûʹ÷ӻ񾭲֮Ĵʡ
ɣ㱾ͲǿȱˣҲĽҲҪģοҲ޵ġ
ʼ硣
Ȼ޵ġ
氮԰ΣҲܺܿ߳ҵʱ̶ֳȻƲϰ
ɣҲľҲ֣࣬ǿԼϲ£͸ЩǣһЩµСʱҲУϾ˵˼ˡ
˵ƺôҧгݵζˡ
˵ĻȻӿ𼸷ֹĸо
诣ðɣ޸һ´ǣǶԱ˴˵˽޵ġ
ɣζŰٷ֮µκγ̶ȣȷʵô˵
Цһ̽˵ģѾܳƵϽӽٷְˣ
ɣΪʲô
΢ЦԼǼ֮ǰ֪Ҿʲô𣿡
š
Ҳ𴽽ǣũֱ㸸ĸᵽѧ㱻ײˣΪ֮ǰ֪ѡ㣬档
ϾؿٴεЦ⣬˵𣿡
诣
ֲ֮ǰ˵ʲôսʼ֮ǰʵ֪ԼҲ֪Լһ̶Ԥδ
诣ŵ˸ģ
ֻһ֡
֣Ҫ𣿡
ֻϰĶ
Ƕ֫ӴѾǹıҪһӶ㹻Ϣˡ
ȻҲʶ֡
ǵָδഥҲδչʾļ䣬̧첲һ˲䡪
ȥ໭ͬˮû
·ֻصЩ˳ֺͷĺʱ䡣
ĳȷʵҲ൱
Щʱ쵽˿ܵ״̬
Ƥ֫ĽӴ綼Ѿڻ¡
ڶݵʧ֮ſҪչֵļ䡣
õϢ൱ޣʹǶ֪֪֮٣Ψʹͽ࣬Ȼ׼֮⣬ûԸ
ǿǣ͵üϵҷ׼ٶʱ˵ûаս˼޹
οӮˣ˼Ҳδ˵
ֻ׼αſֵ̬˵һ䣬֪Ѿ뿪ˣ֪诵ĹȥҲȥ

öʣҲ֪ʲô˼
ѰںˣѰһ׺϶Ϊһˣƺã
ڵ۹תȶħ˻ϱɾ֮ɳĹϵͲٵԼܳȥӻ˼ʮĿԡ
ʱʹҲܸܵߵʱ̫Լʱػ߽е
ȻֱӳԶˡ
ıҵҲǾ˳׵ħƿص濿Щ
ɽָλ档
ЩطĴ̬Ϊı䡣
Ȼó̿ƸḻľʵҲܵ˸ɵԪܣҲûˡ
һֱظ̣һֱںڶܿһ
Ψһ͵۹ڵ֮ϵܣʹͬĴ͵㣬ʱ
诣
үġ
¿ʱȵطײ֪
˵ɵ֪Ǹħ
Ȼһģλĳɵ߹ɵضԪԭЩ״Ҳһ޺ɫ顣
ɵõ֪Ĳּ䣬ûܵˡ
诣
֪ӵжϵħҲЩأȻײǺܲ׵ġ
֮Լʮˡ
ĻһֱڻԪܣȴõһֱԴ׬ˡ
Ȼʶһ¡
ɵõ֪ļ䣬ͬҲõļ䡣
֪ѡеʱȻҲ鿴ƽ
Ȼ֪ÿϸڶȤȷʵ൱˽ˡ
ȻɵļڵľȫԷļϢӰ죬Ȼܶ˼
Ҳеһ൱ǿҵġЩļʣڼЦԷǡ
ڼ֪
Ϊʶ˹ȥ诡
Ǹ谵ͣ紵
ݵĺڷŮŹﳵľƿӳ·΢Ĺâһһ
ΪƳ˱ʱεصǸ
Լ֪ĳ
ʶɽλڼﷴۿ飬Ҳλ֮ĳһ
ȵȡ
ûڼ統Уɼһжˡ
ʱǺȤȥʲôôֻͨΪ˽ʡʱ;
иʡ
ȻѸҵ˴𰸡
ǰйٽ֮һμʶħȻѯɹʲô
ɵʱشҲֻ֪ҪĲϡʵһ۾Ϳйٵʲôġ
Ԫܵƿس̶ȣܿҲĥνħɲɢ
ûи
诲֣ΪǰͶҲǺ׵ģٻҪ벻Ҫ
㲻ϲͶ
ͷȻͳ
˳˼磬ţǵҲڡ
ɵͷ
ȻҲ֪ոշһμ䣬ϲ𣿡
΢΢˳ĽţĤ·ĺ棬ڽڣ¶һĨ⡣
ҾǺƯ
诿ԼĵӰĨɫ֣֪︡Ҳóõ
ֻҵı׼̫ˡ
ɵ˵ʵܶ¶úܺá
诺һǾ仰ô˵ģıȲݼ
ɣǾ仰ô˵İɣҲڱ㣬ʵǶѡ
ȻҲѧһˡ
诲ЩЦΪʲôǵΪ߹ǣ
ɵ˵ͷһʱ벻ĵˡ
诣㿴ǶٵĻԣûôɣܾ͸ֵΰɣֻǸոä״̬ѣһҵİĽѧ͵Ǹ
ĬȻ
诱Ϊһû뵽˼Ƭ̣Һûʲô˵ģΪֻϲһˣҲ޴ӱȽˡ
ڷ΢΢ͷһֵֻĶǰҰĽ˺ԸȤǿѧҲܸߡ
诣
ڸնһѧе˵ܸʵ̫ס
ؿ
µؼ˵Ժ׬ˣ


190 
诣
诲ɹĿ࿴
诣˵, ҿʲôûӦ㡣
ɲΪ⣬ҲûӦʲôɡ
һȥˡ
ڳһŵӣΪɿܻȥ¡
ȻԱߵĺڷһ, ˼ӷ߹˳εһߡ
ڻ԰Ե򣬱һƬߴͶӰڱΣϷ֦Ҷïѩڡ
ϡֲ, ƫƫ˹á
ͷ, ЩããҶƬƵ֦, һʵ߲ϼΡ
ȺǹҲ֮񷶥ҹ, Ͽѩ￴Ư
ͷ˵, Ļ԰ΪԲƸλ, òÿˡ
εĿռˣһһߣûп⿿, мпࡣ
΢΢һѹαϣֳ, ҿԶԡ⡣
Ҳ, ͬ, Ŷ, Ҳԡ
ɣ
˿ûбĲ, ؿۣȻûʲô仯, ˸оͦ˵ġ
诣
诵ͷȥˡ
·Сʱ֮, 诵֪Ƿ粨ĺ
ڲརӴҡڵؽ, סеգ˯֮⣬صľοȫ֤һĻ
·׶ΣΪǵ֣𼱻ǵ򸽽פĿձϢ
ȻЩսڳﴩΪ׵Ѫ׬Żǻʵ۱˵ݡ
ҴԹʯµĹ˾רɳһŶΪ죬ںɽմģϽ˶ƣ˹Ǽ״ֻơ
ʱգԸΪ֮һǧ𣬵ҲûƳһģһĿʽҴһ޶бʶȡ
ȻҲǶϤɴ˵ģǶԷɴһ֪һ֪⣬ǳߴĴǿ¿Ŷǲġ
֮ܶҵľο൱һмϳ˱µĴ
֪ʵ۵˽ݾˣὫԼĴȥٴû¡
صýҲɫر˴սͻأҵۣһѲརӵĸͼͶƵ
൱ûзκϵĲ²⣬ֻþµЩݵս
Щ˲ش佱ӶͣΧֻûκνͨ¹ʻκʧ
ЩҲһЩִƩӷ˵καΪɴؾߣڳʻֻпո۵ָ䡣
ǴʱĹ涨˱ҲǴʱŽֹġ
ֻҪǷҪֻҪʧ֮֡
ӺպյĽڳʻĳ̶ֳΥǳҪȥĵжƩĳǵŻ
ȻҲûС
ԾȨ¡
Ц¥Ͽ߾ͱɡ
զ˵ˣ˵ƽȣʵô´ﶼ
Цˣʲôʱ۹ƽˣһȭɲһǽ弶һȭ֣ƽȰ
۹ƽȺȷʵһֱƽȹ߹أ׶ǱըһɶˣҪĽҪҪȥһ£
˶ˣȹȨǿ˵𣿡
˵˼ҾȨզҲһ棬Ȼѷɴﰡ
żʣܶһʱܿľսɾˡ
ǻûǳȻĹٲһž޶ʾѾɡ
Դ
Ȼǻʵ۱ˡ
Ȼٴըˡ
üһ
Ǳȥң
ĴˮͣȥǸˣ
ˮֳ˷ҹɡ
˵˷ҹǸˮֻб̰
ԶԶԣб̣˵ȥ޳ȥ԰

ӷ˵ɴҪݷɴСûɹʩʧͲΣҲȷʵ˽ˡ
ǵȷʵ൱һǮûΪʹۿۣĳЩҲ˲Ϣˡ
ǱҲҴ˵˰춼ᵽĳЩؼ֣ǻС£Ͼȥζпܡ
ѰĹҪǷ˴½˷ҲܱȻλκһ˵̫Ѱ
ֻ۹ӻʵ۱˵ЩλȨصĹԱ˧ƺôⱻ²ָۡҥ漰Ȩ۳⡣
ȻʹͨϱʼٸȻҪۣԴһҲû
ҥۡ
ǰ˱ʾԼҺͺԥлԼڹƽ̨ƣܿ컻˺ԥһ䡰ͥȻû˫ȻԲá
Ԫ˧˿ҪӣеؿԼʧǸ׵ĵʿȴҪԼϵķԻӰպƩ˶Ǹʿպ֮·ȻҲʮֿȵȡ
˵ʱŶʮָж޲ֱӽҥиն
ֱЦˡ
诣˵úоһ
ŲͷɨһͶӰš
ûĶ־䣬ҲҪ濴ˣΪĳλԪ˧ͥƬмš
ɣûк𣿡
ͷҲ̧ǰʵڴʲôţΪ֪һҡ
ȵȣǶҪˣܾò˭һǸˡ
ϵ۽ʧˣʣµֻһЩޱ߼ʵĲ²⡣
请ҳ棬ֲû֤ʵκ¡
ƩԱǣۼɵˣ»Ī
ֱѹȸУûٸҺҿˡ
ȻһЩԼϢ
ǸֱƵĽͼĵĻĳڷ۵Ů§źë˵·ֳ
˽سԱһ£ƥ99%
Ҫô˵ݵģҪôɴһˡ
རҳûϢ¾Ͳʲôˡ
Ȼ·˳һǰһǰһСʱԻĽ˽ϵ
ֻû˸ҹᵽʵۡ
诣Ҿյòÿֻĳֵ߷̶ֳȡ
һ˵һ߽Ǹϵߴأ
ɿһۣҪٻȥǸҲȥһΣǵҺýǶȡ
ЦҲһַ
Ȼֲһ䣺ҾԶˡ
诣һ˲ɡ
ɣ
诣²ʽǲǡ˵˻ģ
΢΢ҡͷұһСѧڲѵΡ
գգۣģ
ƽؿٴ˸ϤĳζġķӦ̲жļٵģ
ʵϤ
ȻζԷͻﶼмЦ⣬еİˡ
诰һۣԼ˵ģ㣬Բûһʼ϶ں˵
˵ͣһ£սȥִ˴ԷؿڣӽԺ˵ʲôҶڳ
ָܹ׵ķ죬ֱָӰڳϣȻһ㱡ϣʵ͵ؼ
ΪԪܣ״̬ƣû²Ӱ촥ָܵ״·Խˡ
ִһ¡
̧߬סؿڻȥ֣ҲУԺ˵
ǰŮָϸǽƯ·ŵĻ֦Ƥ໬ۣܲ˼롣
֫˳ֽͣŶñȳƣⶼ߶Եġ
ͿɽϸָģסԷֻ֡
ɴ
ǹ⻬۵ļԾѪܺ͵ļ⣬ÿһ龫ɵĹǽڡ
ЩǱΣȻԪعɵġ
ֻҲɴݻһ
Ǽ֪ȴ˿ںˡ
ð
诱ץסҲν˵
һۣں֮ǰÿһ춼úܿģûʱʱ̿㡣
诣


191 
诣
˻ͦġ
ڸոյֱ׳֮, ֽӶ˵Щֻǰϼֱ
ʱ˵ܱܲ׵⣬뷨㲻ء
诱ΪԼЩϰ, ȻҲûʲôõġ
䳰ȷȻû
ǵദģʽƺЩİϸҲǣΪȻǰһ, ˵һЩĻ
Ȼǲͬϵ
诣ô˵, һ⻰Ҫ˵, ˵ڡ
ü𣿡
诣˵𣿡
ֻҪġ
Ȼûʲôҵ, ֪뿪֮, ÿһҶúܼ尾, ÿһ춼ںڣûҵ㣬ûδֿʱס
ֹ
ͣ, ˵ʲô
诰ڰ֣ȼ˵
ɣȻпܻܾңⲻӰҵ뷨, Ҿ뵽, 뵽һ𡪡ʱ򡣡
̾˿, ȻһҸϲ㵫ҲҪ㽻Ҳûлܾҡĸף
⻰˵úܳǸϾ, Ȼ൱, ǣҸով˵, ֻǷĽ͵һ֡
诣Ϊ㲣ĶԽܱܾ𣿡
൱̹Ȼ, ǡ
Щɵؿ֮䲻ӦٵԶ𣿡
΢΢ü, Ϊ֮ѾˣڸһΪʲôֲˡ
诣
诣ûͦˣҪҵǣ˷ʱˡ
ڳϣͷƺڴΧĻ԰
Ůٲĺڷɢڱ󣬳ĵƤԽ𪡣
һִαϣһ𣬳ĽƲľưıԵϵļɼ
ԡüĿ䣬i̶峺ȴס
ͷͦÿģȻͣĵط׸Ҿʹˡ
ɲΪ⣬ĴȻ㡣
̵վĥŴȥԼķ
߹
ɴҪ·Ȼͳ
ڽ֮ǰҾ͸оЩֵ
诲ػعͷ
ɻԭûֻ˼ӳŽʵѡߣʵϣһɱһ
ɱĴԽʿ
诲˻ȥЩʵʲôɱ˵Ǹ
ҵҡ
ɵػش𣺡ǸΪһΪһķɣΪǿʵ̫ˣɱ
ЩѡԲͬ棬磬죬ͶŵģбܶԶ֮ġ
ԷµǺ
诣Ϊʲôô룿ʲô
ɣʱһ޷ȫļ䡭
ʱҲֻǸʮĺӣ뿪ʵû꣬Ȼ޷ȫ֪
ɣˣʵһһռվΪ˹ͨ幤Ȼħɱˡ
˵һѡ֮⣬⼸ûֱӽ
ʱҲ֪ʲôνѡߣֻоЩֲͬϢǺ⡪
ȻΪЩ˶档
΢΢ס
诣һμҵʱ򣬷Ҳһ֡Ϣ
ʵϣʱ֪λ棬һЩ²⣬Ʃǿͬһ壬ӵˣܹʹñ˵塣
ɳ𰸶ҶûôҪ
诣ֻҪҲҪɱˣ
˵ͷǼʱҵһ뷨ʵǣԭбǰЩġ
诣ʱʮ꣬ǸӪ״̬
ɲÿɷ񣺡Ҳıҵ˵ʱҼĴԽģ㻹ġ
诰һۣҲǣûʲôġ
ܿǿˡ
ƽؼ˵ҼˣЩѡߣûбŵġ
գգۣ˵ɱʱ򣬺Ҳᡣ
ɣû㴩ԽʱѾʮˣʮɱϸ˵ʱꡣ
诣ǵʮʱкøУʵϲһˣ
Է߼
ȷʵҲûֱӱ䡣
ϾţɱʱȻСӵܵʱȷʵԶԼ
ɣͼ֤츳ʤκˡ
˵⻰ʱҲܵݣԿڿˡ
诣ұ˵ӦñҸţתһ룬ʱʵţ԰߼ȷʵҸһ㣿
ɣ
΢΢üƺ̫ϲ˵ͬҸһ㡪
ʵ˭츳ӲͬǶ˵вͬĴ𰸣ȻںȻ¡
ɣҾҵӦôʮ꿪ʼʮʱ൱꣬ҵӦʮꡣ
óĿ˵ȥκη
诺Ȼе㻬
˵൱졣
ʵҲûô⣬˵ģӼĻԪˣħҲࡣ
˭ںʮġ
ȻɶչĪִţ诳ĳֶȤζҪŸˡ
诿ʼдʣƾʲôֲǰ;ʹ˱˵壬һʼ㣬ҿ԰ҵʮΪڼҵߵʱ䣬㲻ܼʮ
ɣ
ڷƵԭ΢΢̧ͷվǰŮ
˫ɭǰĺȫڻ·𻹷ӯӯˮ⡣
лЩί
һ˲䣬诼Ϊˡ
Ȼܿͷȫûǻ£ֻһ̺еίɵһִ

ֻһչһ߻Ҫࡣ
诺ţ㿴Ҿ˵㲣İɣһͻôǲ˵Ϳˣ
ˡ
дơ
ýȻͬǣ仰ӣȻ΢΢ǣһΪȥЩóء
ɡ
дͬơ
诣
ܿԡ
ӵԪ˼ֻ๥ȥ첻ȥ

ûȵĻظҲ˳˼
诣˼ʲôҴأ
ɿһۣ뻹ʲôҵ£㲻ֻ֪Ȥġ
诣
Ϊʲôôң
̯֣˵Ҫ̹ġ
诣㻹˵ǲء
ɣô˵תһ룬ҾǿԵˣҲ⡣
诣
˵űıҲһˡ
Цˣҽ⡣Ҷ²Ȥ
ʵҲ滰
룬㰤ᱻŰľҵͦһġ
ǰĶѣʱѾüԿˡ
ȴصͷţҿԸ㡣
诣ţһΪ˵ֲ㣬Ҽû־ء
ţѾԼ˼ƺھýһֶԷ
ˡ
һ£ʵҲ֪ǿŲҪѵġ
ǰĺڷ̧ͷ
һվһҲûб̫߳࣬ĽǶȣǡô϶ſ覡ƯóԵ
ʱʵϵĸ֣˵ͬǺ;Ƕ˵ܶûʵ޷ƾԼожôǿ
ֳ˳˶ߵܷƾ֪֪㽫ǡ
Ȼ֪Ҫ˵ʲôֱӴ˵ѡ߿δǺصģ㿴δҺʲôϵ
诣Ҫ𣿡
ɣš
诼קͷֱʡмĹѪ˵˵״̬ɣǡҡɷ˾
ؿһۣȻ߬סǰ˵ҡ
˽ߡ
סƷǰ˵ʱϢָƣϾǲ㣬ҲҲΪ
üô˵ô˵˭ںˣҲԸ˽飬˵öԡ
ˡ
Ҳ͸ղһΰɡ
ΪѺԥ˵ɽԿĻԼ
ƺЦһҴܲµ˵˭ôأ״̬Ҳܽ㡣
֪ǰɡ
ûذһۣҾǻǼģǸδ꣬ںҪʲôֻӦð뷨ȥ
ɷнµص˵ͷҲˡ
诣Ҳ̫Խ˰ɣ㵱Ȼǣ˶һ׷Ҫǿ쾭ģ㲻˵ʲôߵΣֹΪˣ㲻Ļ֪ݣҲ㡪
ĻȻֹ
̧ۿŨܵĳƣ˫רעӳЩ
죬Լ˵Ļȥ
Ϊ˵ЩͱԸˣ֮ǰ˵ֻΪǿ̫
ʵ鱾Ƕ߶еġ
ʶɵʱ֪ݣ֪֮Ҳϸġ
δݣΨһǣжǷһֱţǷָܸ
ЩϣΪ˵ԸԼܵķΧ֮ڣŽӶ롣
ǺԥǸӣǾԺǿҲȥίԼҲһ޶֮ڵġ
诣ϧƢ̫ãҾǶݴһʱ䣬˵ʱ·С
û˵
ҲĬĬջ֣ҪȥˣѾҵǷϢˡ
Ȼûֻͳһ
诽ӹһ󱭱ɳƮŸɫ̵Ϻɫ㽥䣬͸ӵ뵶
诣лл
һ˵һ߲۵ܣʲôʱģ
ɣ֮濴һҵꡣ
ڻʹɴǶʱ䡣
诣ȻȥǮĲ˶𡣡
ɣɣڻϽǮҲòǻš
̿
ͷҧסܺһڣݼ⣬ζҲӿ


192 
֮һ, ǹʱڵ׶ǣǰιʱʽĿλǵϷ
ڵ, ˽֪ǵڶιԶֶŮǱʱѰҵΨһ̳ˡ
Ҳ൱ĸħɱ, һʷŲ
ټϵڶι˽Ҳһ, ЩǮ޽ϵĹ, Ҳδڸ
ϾԼǮˣʹģͶ似, ǰ״̬
ϹȺǹ, ҪСһȦ, Ȼ߶ȸߣû֮С
ΪʥĹû־, 紫˵ѩ׵ʯˮͣׯִࡣ
ΧһȦ״ͣ, ͬǻΧŹȺ
ɳ
װ޷Ϊ, һӦ߰趼ִ, Ʒ
ԼҲϲ̫׸ķ, ҲЩ޴͸Ĳǽ
ιܵ׻˽Զ, ÿһ漸˳Ⱦ״̬
请˷ֱߵά棬Ȼһֱ֪нȽ鷳, һûô鷳
ǵ̵ķģ, ҪÿרҵŶӼά
⻹ǵ۹ɵӲԹ涨, ʵ۱˶Ҫص֡
ϾԼҪǵȥʧ϶Ҳ
Ȼǲܵġ
ɼȻĹȫֱʩһ׹ԼĿǹ
Ҳͬ飬Ȼ뿪棬ԼмʧЧ
ʱûôеǮά´ࡣ
ôĹҲ׬ǮģƩ򵥵ġ
ҧ˵ƱǮҲһʽ
ԱߵɳϣԿЦһȷʵ۹⣬ȻҺͽһܣߣ׼ȷ˵ҡ
ţ
诺ͽͶݵؼһΣԺ˽ޡ
ȻϵĽ죬ͨԪԼоÿʹߵ״̬ǿ
ĻҲȥ֪ЩʹߣԼ²ĳԱ
Ȼһ·ǵûκֵģû˷ѹʱ䡣
诣ǿһɣΪʲô㣿
ʼ磬ΪֻǿһɣұǿܶĻһֱɱ
̧ͷֻһ浹ս˼𣿡
٣ȫǡսĽǶȣһѡЩΪֵ𾴵ˣϣʵƣǿȻá
붮ͣ㲻ܺ˵սԣҪôɱҪô
΢΢ͷһѪ¡
诣
ΪŻһء
Ȼ˵ԼҲûʸ²۱ˡ
诣ʲô⿪ط˾ߵʥ
٣ǰԭѾˣЩǲ̤㹫µľ
ͣһ£Ȼ˵ûǮʽԴ⣬ǰЩһֱڳԺڣкֵܶǮĴʣҲһҲƽϵɡ
诳һһΪͦҵģϾһжˣӦûĽʺްɡ
Ŷȷʵϲִйµ⡪
üáˡƺ£дʹΨһһôˣĳ̶ֳ˵ҲԼĶλ
诿һۡ
ССèֻϣ˺Լһ𣬲˰ʲָ˭Ҳࡣ
𷢹˵ţһĸܻ˵ϵķȻ²ܷ
诣ڽǲа̣ҷ֣͹ϵΨһ֯а̵ĵط
Цһ𡣡
е㱡
⻰ȥܶ죬ȥͨԼѯʱˡ
诣ţ
ŮЩ
诼״ΪԷԼͻʵ۵¡
ЩԴ߰㡣
۹ŲŵĳԼΪҥ̣˶ָյ۱ˡ۱۵Ķǹﻹͨ
ǵѾ飬ЩģĲ²⣬Ǻ׿ָ˭
൱һ˶Ϊĳ͡ʵܵҵĳһЩϵġ
ȻҲһ˾ЩҥԣརӵĳֿΪ
ڰԣǴץµѰ𣬻ϰ֮еκιϵһ顣
Զ󿪲²ˡǷ˻ʵۺܶǮЩһֱţﲻס˳Σʵ˵Ͽ׷ҪծĹ¡
ڣѾ׼һЩֵˡ
ɤӣҪȥϵһЩۺҥ𣿡
⻰˵ҲˣֱӾͼЩ˵ĶǼٻ
ȥ྿Σֻ˾ԼǷҪԼȥ⡣
Щ⣬ǰýӪŶЩ˻
ŶǣֻһЩý˾ǵкܶⷽרҵԱ
ԥ˵Ȼ֪һҲн
ûҿֱԸҥҵ˼ȻЩ˾ͻڼߺʬͷ
ʵô£˵ûʲôҲܾá
΢΢ͷˣ֮κҪԸҡ
诸˵͸озɴΧ䡣
ĴԱǵִˡ
ȥǣ֮ǰǰϢѯһ顣
Ƕû飬ͷ׷ױʾҪɴ˳;ķ羰
վȥˡ
˵ʧԭء
һͳڹΧͣ͸ո߳ɴײ˸š
٣þò
ſֱۡ
诣
ܽܽ˵ر˹
һԵ˫ֵ̥Ҳ߽ĸ˱һš
ܽܽȻǵǸȻչֱۿ֦˶ƼȦ
Ҳôˡ
վԶžۡ
ȵӵεºǶƯֵܹ˵
˹ûô໰˵ҡҡλεֱ˵˺ڷŮıϡ
ҲȻ⣬ͬҼ
ĳ̶ֳ˵Һ֪·ʹӻģôһڿϰʲôʣˡ
٣
Щʵص㡣
صûʹͽܡ
ĺƺ׼εĹϵܺãǰҲԸɲ˾Լ¡
š
ĬĬԺĻɾֻҪһ붼۾
鵱ԱҲԱȻ֮ǰ൱һʱ䶼ڸϼȵġ
ǲڼְĻְλֱļԲзһЩ
ȻʵǼһɲ˱ġ
֮ܶҲһЩ˵ľ顣
Ʃھע⵽ıɳˣֻʣ˵µһС֡
ǲʶµġ
ڸոǸֻʣһʱ򣬿پѾµĶ
Դʱ˿̡
һ˻ͣĳڷͣ˽Ůߣһɨ
֤ԼĶȻ˻ĴóС
¡
Ǹ޴ıУ¶ͷ׵ʮϣг£к͸ոǱɳһģһġ
һ꣬ϵı־ϳҲУǾһңپֱǱµˡ
лл
һǰǸȫͬģĿձѾڵøɸɾˡ
Աߵֵһһܽܽ˿Ȥ͹ڴ͵
诣ҲȰϾġ
٣ˣ£Ҳϲġ
诵ͷֿıӣ⼾ȵ¿𣿡
٣ǰҵߵıɳʮٱֲ
پЩ֡
˲ƵʱϱƲǸոմӵ
Ȼﻹϱӣ·ȥ˳һ𣿵Ļô᲻֪¿
йڲརҳ֡
ٺȻֵһʵ֮ǰǸ𣿡
ɫ糣ҡҡͷѾˡ
ܽܽûʶ˵ʲôĸѣ
ĸ
½Цһ֮ǰȥϣǶڣͰѵˡ
ܽܽⷽļϡãԼں˻Ҳûӡڤ˼˰ǿ
Ŷ
˹˼˵һࡣ
½ǰ֪࣬ǲ
ˣ
ܼܽܽᶨΪԼӡ󣬡һ࣬ȴҪߣ񡪡
Щ֮⣬ʵҲܲóֱŮ˺˵ĳ֪ﶼûʲô
ܽܽͷʹһ۾ɫģ
½ðɣҴˣ㻹ļǵãϾҶӡҲʣЩˣû°
٣
˲źǺ˼άʽ̫һָȥעЩ¡
ʲôĶУֵҲǾܾͷˣûЩϢ
ðɡ
ôˡ
֪ڰǵĶѾλĻϵһ֮ǰĸ¼𰸺֮
٣٣
读˻֣ҪһԷ𣿡
ˡ
𷢹΢΢ҡͷҿѾԱˡ
Īʲôˣ




193 
ԱǶò
ڰƥ˹, ൱ķٲʢҲ٣˳Ҳֹħˡ
صķҲ, ħޣûɴģˡ
ܽܽڵط˹ΪħƺϲЩѪ֮Ȥ
˫̥ԶԶħ, ֻܸܽܽŰ֪ħ˳ˡ
ս֮, һоͶ൱˳ˡ
ֵƾܺ;Ҹס
ܽܽΪֻҪһƬɭ־͹ζ, ϰĻֲܶصĹƸˡ
ҲΪǸˡ
ǺðƯƺǺܴ̼, ȻΣ̫, ڻ, ڵˣ˶ɥ
Ȼ˵ʵԵʣ󲿷, ʹϱǿҲǿˡ
ǿԪܣ޷ȫžΣա
Ȼϣǰȫ, ǲϲȵ, ǾĻ˾ɥȤ
Ȼǡ
Ǳ˵൱ӽ, Իûʲô󡣡
½һ߿пһ˵
ڹ¶̨, мϰ˴Ӽ޵ĸ࿾ը
ŨζĴ, ɫպϴС
ܽܽһͰרõӪҺһߣʮֿζ
Щ˵Ｘ, Ȼȴܵȡ
ǴӳԺܻõĿ൱, ԶԶ塣
ܽܽ, ൱ˡ
ĳɳܻ겻˹ûгܶ࣬ȻСӣ뵽ʲô˵ʲô
뵽˵Ҳ࣬ʱĸ˲̫һ˵첻ͼ겻ƺ𲻴
˫̥Ͳһˡ
ڴһͨŵʱ򣬴ȷ˵˿кܳһʱ޷ظϢ
Ϊȥʧ֮򣬺Ҹȥˡ
½ʵİɣ
½û˵Ҳ˹
š
诵ͷ
۹ʱ򹫲ħ˵
Ȼħλ棬ȻսǰǰλķĴھͲˡ
Ȼ󲿷Ȼֻ⵱ɴ˵¼ڳԴԽλ棬Ȼ޼
ԱǶΣﴬû¡
诳֮Ǿͺˡ
½۾һôħ𣿡
诣ôȥǸط͸ˡ
һ£ֵʹ˾Ȼ󽥽ľ
Ȼ˵׸ţȻΪҴѾսٵˡ
ڡ
ָָ棬ͣһ߷أ´ʱҪһȦͿˡ
ҪҪѴǿܡ
ȻҴļֵܻܿΪ鷳ʹڷʽϵ͵ĳĳЩҪҲûô鷳
֪׸Żţ˫̥ʱ˲٣ϾҴҲ˲ٿֵļ䡣
Ȼⲻ˾Ϳʼɣţ½ᵽ˴Ķѡ
ȻǵǴʹĶһ񣬲ŽԼ˽ȳϸ˵ǵľ
ǶλӡҲģˣʱ涼ǾֻǵǸڷ۵ˡ
һǵʱǾܡ
½üһκ˵˵˹ԡ
ǰ˵֮ǰˣͺ𣿻ֳһܣ
ţ˵
Щ˵Ҳ֪㲻ǺͺãȷʵһЩ£ҲǸˣҽ˵Ļ˵ˣǽ˰ɡ
˶
诣ôˣ
½Ծû𣿡
诣ţ
½˵˵Ļ˵ˣ˼˶԰ɡ
诣
½½һۣʱ;ϲϲ㣬ô֮ˣ
诵ͷΪϲҺܶ˲ŲףûŪҵĸоȫ࣬ĳɳҲ̫棬ûֵָһ
½Ӧ𣿡
Աֻ۾ٴˢˢؿ˹
诣û
½ܾˣ
诣ʲôû˵Ϊֻ˵ϲңûҪҪûϲ
½ͷߣո˵ǽˡ˼
诣ⲻǽ𡣡
ͬʱͶߡ
ܽܽǰļ֦šһţҲף˻߷𣿡

ĬĬҡͷǻѣǰɡ
½ֿʼˣʲôоϲ
Ǻۺദʱ̣ܶȴǵôǸ췢Ҳ൱⡣
诸ͣȴЩ˵е鷳ܸӡ

ǰƺۺ֮£Ҳûѿࡣ
ֻƾռⲿϢƲ뷨
ĳ̶ֳ˵ȷʵͦ˽ġ
ȻȽദʱҲɡ
诣˵Һۺֿ֮ҾֻѣҪæһ˶ѡ
Ȼûᵽѡ
Ա
˼ӣǵĴٴοڣڸոոұ׵ˣںһ仰ȥܽҵ뷨
ܽܽƶǶػС֦
ֵ˼
½ڲϲϲ֮ѡһأ
ЦԷǣҲ̫˰ɡ
û׷ʡ
诱Ϊǻϵ£ȻǺֻ֪རȥңûйע
˾ȺϢѾˡ
½Թò٣ֱˣеȫȥɡ
½Щǵؿ˴һۣЩûϵɣҪĻҿ԰һЩ˵ĺš
诶ʱ֪еĹϵˣν
½ͷʺŵؿǣʲô
½ɨ˵ܵһۣĵˡ
½ʱ˸ۣЩë࣬ʲôϵ
½ھǰѵ£Ҳûٶ˵
ѯҪҪ漸죬õ˿϶ĻشǾȥѡסˡ
ޣӴλĿ˴´ࡣ
ЩƫĿͷлճ࣬ʱܿסġ
ԱڹйĴʱֱӸ̷˸ܿ챻ͨˡ
ôͻʵ۱̸ˣ
洫ɢ
ܵûͦ찡
̸ˣ㻳ģĽһա
ǱЦ𣬾Ϊȥһ
诣Щҹ鷳𣿡
֮ûС
诣
ʱˣҲûС
˹ͨǱ߷ƽ˾ɺ¶·ȥˣżض˸ΪεĶ³
λڸ۹򹤣˿˹ͨѾǷͷ޶
ۺȻڷɴվӸ˴򹤻Լϰ壬ҲָɻϾΨһܵȤˡ
ڽ̣ҲҪٸϱˣΪ˾ѾˣŵתģʽҲȫһɢɳ
ǮвҵϷ൱Ľ
诣֮ǰǲǲɱ㣿
̣ɣܰ˸ɱҼйߡ
诣Ϊҿ߱Թıء
Цһҵʱʵ뿪Ҿ͸оˬԺˣҡûʲôɱԹġ
诣ΪҲ£
һ£˵ɱ˳ۡˣȷʵܶΡ
诶º⣬㵱ʱڲˬЩʲôˬҪȥ
̳Ĭ˼ӣʵѾ˵ʱ뷨ڵĻǼɣҺһϲһˡ
⻰Щ֣صϲһ
诣˵ϲһϲ˺ܶꣿױģ
Ҳʱ⡣
̵óһЩ˵
ͨѶ诰Լ¹ԣ½˺ţ׼ĸǳơ
ʱɸ˸
ˡ
ͳ˵
ͷʺţʲô
㲻֪ЩҰľ𡪡
ɺƽ˵һ£뿴ʱܿ
˵Ȼ䡣
诸ܾȻ־ûҪԼȥϾЩӦͦĿġ
ԡ
诣ǵһ˳ưᰡ⿴ɲ̫ˬ
ɣҪôȥҵҵˣȻ㿴ǵļ䣿
诣ҪҵҲǲС
ɣ
Ϊ̼䡣
û뵽ݵĳĬ֮ɾȻͬˣУҼǵȷʵ˻š
Ȼˡ
诣
벻Щ̿ͷ˸Ϣ
ڶǣεʧȥҰ
ӡ
߹
߹ǳʲô


194 
ڶ, εʧ԰ҵǳƣô⣿
诱Ϊɻ˵Щʲô, û뵽Էƺעһ¡
߹ȥˣ
诲Щ⡣
ڶǣεʧ㲻֪
ȻǶˣҲδ٣Ҫ֪λ, Ӧ൱׵¡
ֻȷϴ·ΧĻ, ¶ᾪ
ȻҪλ, ̶ȵĸ֪ͻ˫ˡ
룬ǸŰ, Ը֪һ, ʳ⡣
߹㲻ϲô
߹ֻ֪ĸ
诣
ģĳ̶, ǶԾǱܰĸ֪ˣֻҪԼͻо
Ҳһġ
ڶ, εʧҲϲ㶼
߹Ҿ
诿еЦ
ڶǣεʧ˵Ҳϲϵأ;Լ˵
߹
߹صϵĻֻܵ, Ȼٻظˡ
ڶ, εʧҺܳʱ䶼ϵأ
߹һ¡ܳʱ䡯
ڶ, εʧһꣿ
߹һ, Ȼֱѳ顣
ֱЦ
̲ס˸ȥ, ӡ
诰ԼȥһЩ, ɱķ𣿡
ǱߵĻܰ
ͳԵ˸, ûС뵽취ġ
һڿЦ
诲ɾЩϡ, ֮ûб𡣡
ĴǺҲȻͬ
Ԫܵĸ֮ڣԶ𣬵־ܻڷ֮бģ
ȻٴλعһƯĲʡ
ı׼ʵҲˡ
ʱʧȥңʧȥһеļ䡪ɻعɻ״̬Ҳһġ
ɡ
ɵػش𣬡֮ǰҾڲϵڸԼ
读һ֮£Ҳȷʵˡ
ʵкܶ취ȥЩ񣬲һҪвͣȻȴѡҪϵļƻ
ɷ·֪ʲô˵Ǻǽѡ񣬵ʶȥѡЩ鷳ļƻҲΪҾܻʱ䡣
ǰûʶһ㣬ȻʱˣҲףʵһֱúܵʵĳ̶ֳϵ鷳Ȼ鷳ҵȤ
ɣҲСʱ򻹺һ㡣
诣ΪʱҪ취ǿ
Ӧһ뿴ô𣿡
诣ѾŪˣģ
ɸ˸ꡣ
说¿һ·ֱʧԭء

˹ϵ
ɣ˹ǣֲ԰
ҽλ԰룬ԱһƬССͣͣСͷɴһտչͨⲿľס
ͣһʽϾɵ
һģķΧųмޣһ˵һ߷Ź䡣
Ȼ˴
ǶԷ˲侯ƴս״̬
ڷ߽ڿоڰӰп
¶ЩԻ֮ɫ
üڵʶ𣿡
Ů˼̧֣ǲǡ
߲˵ϣ齥Щ죬㡪
ڷ۵ڼվͷеˣϹĿΣ
סڲͬϽ˶ʮѧ̫ˣСӣһģ
ǣѵ
ڱ˸ݣҲָԷǵãƼ˿ĴѵӪ
ǸˣȻǰ˻Щӡģ㣬Щô
ԱߵŮȻ˵Щʲôɷ򣬼ֹվûпڡ
ô
ϵǣǸڷ۵ġʵ۱ͬһˣһİĿǻش⡣
׷ϲˡ
ô˵
Ůѹе𾪣ǰţǲĻＸڶ
Ǻ°ܰﵽ𣿡
Աߵʵ
Ҳʶ֮ſ϶ԭģܲԼֻΪɣ֮Ҳû̫ľ¡
һμ棬ұһ١
ɵ˵ǵ𣿡
Ů˵Щ֡
Ҳһ£мη壬ϾոնԷĳַʽѾ֤ǾԲһĶ֡
Ҫ鷳Ļûа㻹֮
ȻϸǶμ䣬־ⲻԼѰġ
Ͼ˵ˣԼֻǿһĻҵʱֳ桪
ɣϲҪǶμ䡣
ͷʺŵؿ
Ȼ߲׼͡
ոԺӿֳǶλ䣬ѾõԼҪˡ
֡
ȫ鷳
ֻڴ诿ЩķӦ
ȻԤҪô䳰ȷҪôһЩֽǶȳʡ
Ȼ󣬵ŷ棬ϵԼ׷
Ҫڹ
ãȻʵ
Ҳ֪
룬ȻҵĻӦڹɡ
Ů˵һ൱֣ЩȻ
Ȼ״⣬ֻ𾪣飿Ҫ֪·ʹǴһֱԾǨҲҪ
٣
ߴͻȻһŮ
ڷ۵ŮأûͶ໨˼ʱ·ûҺܾðɣ

ԱߵĿؿ
Ůһֲ˻ȻЦͰ֮ߴǡ
գգۣţ
û뵽
˸̾ҽ̹ѧȻҵôŮѡŶǸǻûϵ
üɣҴһЩҪԻ
ȻĳֻΪһμ䣿
һﻹͦڵġ
Ȼ˿ʾ㿴
ǸߣȻܶ꣬ҲһμԲʲô¡
лˡ
Ȼͬ֡
еʱڵɣǾǿСǹҲƧˡ
Ȼģ״̬ȴˡ
ﴩӲĺϽǽڣĽϵӳģӰ
ķſפ㣬ԶȻ򿪣չ¶һռ俪񷶥ߵѵҡ
Ƿ䳤ʮףݶ߶Ҳʮס
ѵտյΨſڴһСͲ̨
ӵ浽ǽٵ컨壬ȫ˳Ͻϣܣǿܳ
ѵ룬һȺŮڱԣ˼飬ڲͬĵطս
Ⱥ˿ŶʮӣҲԶԶȥ൱֡
̶ֳȵս׶԰Ҽû
һ۾Ϳɡ
ʱʮӣνý֫޳δȫӵг˵Ľ׳
ȺкŮഺͣҲֲߣòû˱ȵ
ʱ˿̣ڵϣ˵Ķ
ԱߵסӦĳֽűס棬á
һֵָкϣһȭһȭ
ڷɵڵϣûʲô˫ӳŵƹĴ
ΪԼῴ̷ŭȻͳͳûС
컨壬ԼûڰᣬֻϢһ
оô
Ǹкʵ
ҸоûԷɡ
ڷ겻䲻ȵ˵ھӼСȭͷ
һȭϡ
̶ȵĹݶġ
ȻȴʲôˣѪûС
Ǹкȥ൱ŭġ
һ˵һȭȥ

ֻſڿš
ΪⲢʲôȺŹϷ롣
Ǹɵƣһٱ̽
ʧȥսֻˡ
ȻЩСƺǿᣬ˵ⷽԶԶʤǣѰĴû˺
ǳŹûгܳʱ䡣
ɺܿ쿪ʼӶ༼ܣɹŭ˶֡
ǸкȭͷâȻ̲ס
һȭ˺ڷǣԶԶȻҲɹɴ޷ƶ״̬ȳ
һ룬ͬȭ˸к䡣
һ̺ˡ
ǸкվԭأϲϱѵĴ죬žһƬ
鴤̱ڵϣΣ˳˴󲿷ֹͷһ㡣
ʱȥ
ΪʱľΣкûΣգֻҪСʱָܻ
һ¡
ɺ˳ȥ
һѧԱֻڷνظ߳ȥˡ
ոʤĳ̶ֳɱ˶֣ȥҲô⣬һԲվţŽѵ
ʱͷ΢һЩǳߣüѾЩ䣬ʪĽëһԱ̵䵭롣
ڷ괩Źֱĺͳ㣬¶žݵֱۣ米ϵļɼ
Ÿ첲ǽϣϻŹԣؿڴһϸӣĩһŲɫʯ׹
ͬЩκ͵豸ŵһߵѧԱĹԺһֱûժ·аղսｫ𻵡
ô
ʵ
һ˶á
ĵ˵
ûж仰ۣγ̵ĿǾѧӦԸ
ɣҾӦԵͦá
𣿡
ʵ֮ûȭͷѡȥô죿
ڷʼ磬ûô׼ôҿ϶Ҳѡͬս
㽫ʤڵһλ취ȥƽǸѾ֮ûԽйκһᵽƽⷽ
˵ⲻɱѵӪߵѵ࣬ҪѰˡ
Ŷ
ƺ⣬߹ϵ׷һ䣺Ƽĵط𣿡
ӱһҿԸôϵǣҪȥ˴ϣ͵øĸƢˡ
Ȼأ
Ȼᱻúܲҡ
ʹ˽ˡ
°ͣСʱԸĲһ
ɣţ
ǣһΪ㱻ʱֵúܲأ費ʣ˫ͨ˸
ɣ
̲סִĶͷ㲻ȥдѪС˵ˡ
ͲǵСˣԥֻ̧˻ָϡ
㲻ȥ²۶Ҳˡ


195 
ɲܵվԭ, ָڶͷϡ
诱һأʱ̧ʱǼײĻ
ü۽ȫЦ, ĺӳĮȻϵ齥Ρ
ɵͷСʱԸʲôģ
Ҳ˵𡣡
ǻǱ˻˫۷֡
ɣԸ𡣡
ʼ, ҿЦ, һҪ˵Ļ, ĺǿϾеǿ֢ΪлЩϵ, ϸ, Ҳˡ
΢΢ü
ǰĺڷŮűֱ, ףûôں˵Ŀܲˬ, Ǵžֱɱ˰ɡ
ͷ룬ʤʵҲǺǿ׼μ֮, ͸ôһˡ
۳汾汾, ﶼһˡ
ԼʹڵҲе衣
诣㱻ʱҲֻôӮ, ȥֹעǲʹ, 廹Ǿϵġ
˵˵źȻͣˡ
ɺϾؿ, ЩЦ⣬Ϊʲô˵ˡ
诰һۡ
诣ð, ʵҲ, ˵ʲôһ, ΪһǺϲӮġ
ɵӲԸ䡣
ͣһ£û˵һˣϲԼҲ֪᲻ᣬҿ϶ᡣ
诣
Ѿʼϰ߶Էճֱˡ
诣һ˲һģһˣˡ
֡
ʵֱ˺ܶ꣬ѾԶԶദӡ
ȻطֻмСʱʱ䣬··ʧˣǰһ컹ǶѣһҲδദģʽ
ı࣬ȻҲİܿϰദģʽ
诲Щ㱡
Ϊʲôء
ƺ޷ؾ˳˼״̬
ȻɺҪӸ˵
һֱѶӡģ࣬˵Щ仯ģҲʵĲͬ
ĳЩѾ̶ˣġ
ȻԼ⡣
ڣѾһװ硣
ͷһöβץУĺڷڱ¶ĶͷԡöȦ
һٸӳºˮϴɫ̿㣬°߼ϵɺᣬ¶һؾϸ
ഺĴ·ʮ˾͡
ɣ
ͨעЩ£׼ȷ˵ɱˣԷŮδע⵽
ᴩʲôˡ
ļģǱߵճ·װǱѡ·һͺ⡣
֪·Ǹƾϲþ
ɺ֪ʶʵע⵽ЩϸڣҲֻΪأֻΪҪȥּƫá
Ϸϲһ
ϣȡЩʵûйϿҪ󣬻߲ܵ״̬
Ʃ˵ϲȫǣʹǺͰǣҲ˱ӣ߸˵ؼȡ
ֻϲʵķ룬Լµʱܷ֡
Ҽסˡ
诺ٻöΪԼʹôˣҲ̫Ҫ˵ϵΪֹ
ʣµЩϸڣʵν״̬
ʶҪƾԼǼӱϵȵҪȫҪϲı׼
ΪԼǿ֢⣬ֻΪѡ
·
Ͳʳôԡ
Ӷʱ򣬴˶ѡЩĥϣ׿ö༸ڴȻԼڵʵʵ
ʱҲȻ·ܶ࣬ȥƵɫʽʱ򴩳Ҳᾡ뻷
Ǿǿ¶ȣϵ˶ʲôٽд䡣
Ӷˣϱ͵ˣǶԼʵȽţ󲿷ҲԸȥԸҲϡ
ŵһӽ鷳õ˽ġ
ʱȻ
Ƿֿ֮лʵ޼ɵ
Ȼʽļ棬˵ļҲΣֱ˿̣Ҳȷѵϲˡ
л·ҲȥѡɫϸٵЩɡ

请һ̧ͷɺҲ
ԱǶԷǰ˽ȻѾǰ˵ݸɷ
ͷȥʱ𾪵
诣ҲܾȰɣ
ȻЦؼһ䣬һû뵽ǸƢ֡˵һ͹עѧԱȻһϲʲôˡ

Ǿֵǰ֮תתȥ
λεķ֮󣬻ʵ۱ƺδ˸еŭ
ŷոĻʶֻλ˵Ǽҳ㷹ˡ
鹫ĹͷĪҲһЩעͲ²⣬ɾͺˡ
ٴζһۡ
ٿࡣ
ղŸе£ʵҲΪԼȻק̸֮С
ȻµƺţҲҿЦˣҰĽľ֡
ʵ֤Ц൱ǡôûûʵ۱¸еʡ
ע⵽ڷﻹԶ˼Ц⡣
𣿡
λҲü˹Ǿ𣿡
ӹɣ˹ֻʮʱ䣿û
ЦӹɣҺŵ˵Ҽǿˣ¡
˿⻰ûʵ۸е졣
Ͼһ˱佱ϵĮ̼ڻˣȻȥȻƽɫϲüǲزסġ
Ȼ˵Ļ
Ϊ˶೤ʱʲôطҲȷǰǷ
ֻ֪诵ٶȿ쵽
ҿռߵԶ봫ͣͨҪĿĵӡǣʹǰԶӦ㣬׾ͳ£ȱ첲ȣ˺ٲ
Ȼȥİϵȥ磬һ㣬ʤ֪Ŀռǿˡ
лл
ڷ΢Цŵл
ĹάҲûкܸˣ·쾭¡
Ȼ
ּǿߣôܲԼء
Ҫ𣿡
ɵʵ

Щȣ㻹ҵ𣿡
ɲÿɷ񣺡ȷҪһԡ
诺ǷǣֱӻصĹ˳ֽĳλʵ۱˻
ǳ¶̨ϣǵȷƵգֻͣ֡
ɿ֡
ʵҲǺȷԼΪʲôҪק˲ơ
ǰͨɴĴͣ񷴹ĸоҲͦġ
诲ͷҺȻǸìܵˡ
ûҲкܶìܵĵط
诰һۣ㿴Ҳŵɣ󲿷ʱͦ͵ģദǶʱ䡣
ҵˡҸԼµЩĿ꣬Щ֮ǰڽЩ֮ǰһ鷳Ϊ
ǻĿꡣ
Ȼؽӻǿ֢֪
˵ЩʲôȴԼ޻˵ʵס
̾ϢЩĿû¡˵ģںѪԵϵĸĸ˭ںĸΪʲôڴϼ𣿡
û̻ش
õʾ䣬ʵѾ֪ˡ
ȷʵνġ
Ϊһ־Ͳ࣬ҲΪĳɳ̷ͬѰ֮ЩһںĶƩѪ˵Ǽֶѡ
ַھӵСЦûиĸʱֻǺܿɱ
С޴ӣ׾ɱǣǼûǿҲ߱ȤԸ
⵽õԼĹע
ϡ
Įϣ˻ǣǡǰߣЩӦøеҡ
Ȼŭһ̶ȣҲѡɱɾǾͲǼ䳰ˡ
ϾЩ޸ĸĳŪ˵Ǽ̱ġ˺Ļ
˵ֻڳʵΪȤʵֵñǿֻ֤Ǻܴ
ġ
ʱҲûб
ṩǾٻǵӢۻˣҲû
㱼䣬Աߵʵ㵱ӶҲԼҵ𣿡
ûĿʱҾȥôģȻҷ˶׷Ǯ
ɻعҾǰߡ
Ӷֻ׬ǮһַʽˣϾʱǸʧȥĸİӣΨְҵûżġ
˵ֱ
ЩЦ׬һǮȴֲ֪ʲô
׼ȷ˵ҽ˺ܶೢԣȻҷ޷л̫Ȥ
Ҳǡ
һ϶취ġ
ֻеˡ
еֻеͬ飬ײײûŪ𣿡
ɫƽҼҪʻѵ֣Ҳȥ֪ߡҲһĿ
诺ͷôоˬûƺãŪˣ
û̶ֳȡ
û˵ҿǾ;ȤҶǣҲûһˡ
课ؿҾֻûᵽȤ
ɵͷһۣ΢΢ƺ˵ЩʲôҲֻһֲ㡣
ˬʵֻ뵽ĳ˵ԭͣԷ˱ûʲô뷨
ϾǹӶѰֵֶ֮һ
ͷһۣȺ嵱УǴ䵭
ɣҲ䵭
˵ãûڷ㡣
̯֣Ҹǰ׿˵Ļз֮óķ߼Ľۡ
΢΢ü۷
š
Ҿⲻ׼ȷ
ͷ
ǡ
ԭǲվ
ɺȻ֣ɵסֱӰŵ¶̨Χϡ
߲˲ת
读ЩԸǰˡ
ãգȥûκηʩȻȥҲ˿ţֻںߵϡ
ͷһְȱߣһסŮݵ֫
㸶жʵһ£ҡ
սĽëƣ̵Զ·ڽĺ̶Цͫ
еȤ


196 
Щؿ
ͬʱҲøȤˡ
Ϊ׼һֱ·, żɫʲôģԼȥء
գգ۾ǲ䵭ʲôϵ
һ˵һ, ˵ĳڣһקſӴָ䣬½¶ǿʵؼ
ϵı˿, ᲻Ȥ, Լʧ
ɲÿɷ
ڷ΢΢̧ͷ, ЦЦ˵ҾҲʧ
诺Щͬ, ֻĵ̧, ָϿǿ׳, ͬһƬӲĴʯ
Ҳš
ʹԴ̵ͦıǼҪĶͷ
û˵
ǰǻζĻƵ˫ȾƹӣҺ, ҡ
֤һ£
˵ӣĴ΢΢
ɿϵ֣סϵɺ°, ǰקһ, ߴǰ
˵徿˭ס˭
ְס˶Էĺ, ںŨָܷܵк, ȻЩ˿, ˩סԼֵ, 嵽ꡣ
ס˴˵һ˲, 綼Ұ
һسȵڴ䱬ȼ, ´ҧ΢ʹõĴ̼
ֻŮ֫£Ȼ׾ٵؽֱӱԼǰ
ƬᱡĲѾɢһƮƮطֱȻΪֻּ϶䡣
ϸϵıιǵߣԼƹҸ£ͬڼĸĴС
诺Цһܼ
δ䣬ǳ״ӣķ϶Ҳû͵ҪǶ뻳С
㡣
۵ζ
пеϢԾ˴Ӷɡ
һַĿڣʵǿ׳ţĸ
ָץֻó˳õĦЩ̺
Ȼ£ס˳ż϶ȥ

ȻֱŻϣ˳ָѪɫȥ̵ʯץ÷顣
ɵͷоô
ߵĽ󻹼ϣͷȥڹСϲ᲻صҧһڡ
Ȧɵ㡣
۵
ȳȾӣҺð߲һĨۻǳǳǣһЦݡ
Ҳˡ
㿴
ǰˣȤɶġ
Цһ£֮ǰҲʲôϰ𣿡
ҡҡͷ֪˽ҡ
档
һתǡö˫ЩЦ۾
诣㵹Ǻܡţţ˵Ǹ˲ϲء
ƺ⣬һϲġ
ʵϣҲĲ֡
Ŀ겢ּ򵥵Ĺϵ˵׷з˫ĽӴ֮Ҫһ֡
˵ֻΪˮɵĲûô⡣
ֻ㿪ġ
ظһ顣
Ҳ˼
§סԷĲںߵļϡ
߿Ѫ֮ʱҲű˴ˡ
ѪǼٵġ
λֻ֮ɵ壬ϰߵ״̬۳Ρ
ҪĻƤⶼ̼ɢǱһ״̬
¶ķĿ
Ȼʵġ
صҲʵġ
ֱͷڰ׷峺ӳݡ
ԣûϲʲôˣ߶ĳ˸Ȥ
ЩؿקקȻ߰죬ڼ֮ǰʮʱ䡪
ûСûС⣬Ƕʮꡣ
ɾǹ𣿡

һط񶨵˭֪ǲѾһػʱڵļ䣬ϾʮҲкܶоԱӴ
ɣ˵Ӵʬһǿ϶в١
ѾһǹҲ磬뿴Լ⡣
ɣûʲôһصģЩҾǡػ״̬
ʵϾǿˣЩҲ൱ƿɳ£ʵûʲô
δƻʵ־ͼ¼ܿоԱǸֲԣҩܿԣѪ裬ժժࡣ
֪κȤĻ䡣
۹֮׼Ѿ뿪ؿƼһɢɳĺƺ֮£ָҲԡ
õ˸¡ڲľϡ
δƻϺܶ࣬ԼȴޣʵϢҲ١
ǱΪ߼ֵʵ֮һȻʵҲֹһˡ
ǶǾԺűģ˵ǱȼߣȫжΪߡ
ЩоԱȡǰĽѵֱΪעҩܿǣ˽ȳ״̬
ʵֿܵЩƣȻԪϣҪһʱȥյںϣҲ;Ϊ˯
Եɺϣĳ˯зΪ
ȵȡ
说Ľ˵Щ˯ȡǰĽѵʲôѵ
ɣ㻹ǵĻӳȥ𡣡
诵ͷ
δƻܶ꣬һ죬ǰĶĻ
֮ǰڰϿϵʱǵиΪ1334ʵĳˣڽɱп¡ȥ׷ˡ
ɣػ߾1334š
诣׼ΣʵҲǺ췢ҼǵǸСƬǺëš
ɣ
ǰ˺ĳǷǵ״̬
ȻҪʣҲҪȥ̽磬ɻֱӲµʲô
š
Щë
ɣǰȻġ
读Բ״̬ʵڷиоСʱȸߣǸӦȥˡ
˵˵һֳ˼״̬
ɣ
ʲô˵ˡ
Ρ
ɣʲô
诣룬׼ΣĸұȽͣȣ˵࣬˵ࡣ
ɣ
˵һ㶼֪𰸡
仰ĵһӦǣʵȽϣǰߣΪ˵ѪԵϵĸףǰ鹫ôƵġ
ݹϵƣǷϸҲ֡
ɣĸ
ðɡ
ˡ
һ£ƺû뵽⣬ʵ࣬һҪ˵Ļɣǡ
ûѽĻ˵ꡣ
ֱҲԼġ
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ͼҳֲ̫֮ĳ֣Ȼ˰Ҳ˵
诣ǴȹӣҿЬǰ׼ε˵ӦҲһ׾ųͷǾǱ㰫ɣô߲ˣ
ɣ

൱ЦҸӿı顣
ǰӦѾˡ
ôš
ȵЦˣ诲ŻصղŵĻ⣬ԣ׼·ʱСӣÿ¡ʶСסЩԼʵﵱĸоûк³
ࡣ֮ΪӦʵܹͶʹúʽ
ҡҡͷȻſ¡壬˵׼Ѿкδƻйص˶ɱɾˣ
ɿһۣ˵ء
ðɡ
Ҳ֪׼εĹȥʵң궼ڱ׷
֮ܿô׷ɱΪԼ츳ҲΪ¡һڹ
иΪޱɱ֣ǿ¡֧ĳԱҲ׷ɱ֮һĿ꽻֮󣬲֪ΪξͶ֮ģ׼һˡ
ޱʲô֣Ȼ¡Ҳǿȥ׷ɱһͯ
ʵޣ׼ε׷ɱҲûǿȥοϤǵжӲ׼ζꡣ
Ȼ֮ޱĳ¡ɱֵ׼ʱҲֻʮ֮꣬ڼ˽š
ڳؿƼֲõﲢδ£ҲǰЩ֪ġ
诵Ǻ¡廹ʲô£ȻϾǱ׼ƿصģϸϿѾɾˡ
ޱҲ׼κͽ֮ǷЭҲ
ͬҪư룬׼ƺûͷ
ʵ죬صʱ¡嶼ֻ׸
ɱԼгġԼĿ¡Աɾ֮ƺûһչˣֻһ³ؿƼ⣬ƩֹеĻʵƻ
ЩȣλǰʮʱѾѧħˣʮʱѵతء
ץؿڵ֣ʮʱʲôӿΣü֤ƣ
诣
ЩԻ󣬡֪ļﻹЩ
֪֪ԼѡߵʱԼļ䣬ӦֻǴжƷǰôϸڡ
Ͼ֪Ǹ˻ǻһ̶˽ġ
ɣûУҲµġ
诣
µûͦ׼
诣һϹѧӿεĻᶼûС
ɣϸ˵ǲҵʮꡣ
죬Ҫʮǰɣ˵ʱʮĶʮ꣬ʱѾɨ޵ˣ
ɣҲû̶ֳȣллĿ佱
诣
лë
课һһسӣ˵ΪʲôҪǿǸ⣿ʵϲҴģΪ֪ء
ɣ
Ȼ֪
תһ룬ʵ㣬ʦҲʮء
ȥʮΪܴ
ɣмʱ䣬ұˡϾħ˶ǻġ
Լֻǻ࣬ǻ屾ʱ϶ħҪ곤
ЩؿֱҴˣôͶˣܼܲᶨһ㣿
Ѿνˣô㶼⡣
ۣ̫ˣ
̾˿ҵ̫ˡ
诣
Եظ˸Ĵָ


197 
ѾҪ֮ˡ
Լ, ǰʲôˣ˵ɧҲûˡ
ǰһǸķǵĶ֣Ȼֵܽز, Ҳΰ
ȻʶָָƺԼ
ˡ
诣һû뵽гһԼɣ¡
ƺ˿ΪԼܻ߳Σ֮ǰʵٻȥδ, ȥġ
Եؿ
⻰δ֮ͺˡ
֮, Żȥ˼δ, ʲôأ
ôӵδϣδĽɫ
ԥվûЩʳڡ
Ϊ֪𰸡
ûôںδ, ֻҪһˡ
΢ɲ̾˿
ʢĵȷ紵ɢ˿е, ¶̨˲ĵչ⡣
Աߵ˿, Ӣâյ÷
עӣڷ΢΢ͷϸڽ, ԾԽâıˮ
ڹҫ۵չ˫۾ĺĤɫԽǳ̲صȴδϡ
Ȼע, , ǿһȥܶط, ϲ, 㲻ϲȴȥġ
һ, ʲôطҲϲȴȥģ
ɼ˼ػش𣺡ܶࣿ
Ȼ
ϵҲռҵĴӪ, ڵĵط
诲ЩЦ
ҪѯΪʲôȥ, Ͼ˽, ˵ĻȻ֪Եɡ
ЩĵݣŲ
δһҪ߬һҪӱߣ֮¾Ҳν˭ˬء
Ȼôˡ
诣Ȼ֪ȷʵȥˣֻǺʦһ𣬵ǵɱ˻˻δŲ
û˵
诣ȥϵһԭΪҡ
Ȼû˵ƺҲûʲô
ע⵽ͣŲؿڣЩҾ뵽Ƿֿ֮뿪֮䷢£ʱҾҵĴЩԼ뷨ߵ˾ͻỻҡϸҲδأϾӲһ¡
ֵ诳Ĭصˡ
ɣΪԼ˽㣬ұϾ㣬ҲܰٷְȷĻشһźͰûڣҲ˶ˡ
š
Σ诵͵͵ӦһʵǼ죬ҺǵĹϵü򵥡
ɣҲ²°ɣ㵱ʱʦ´вԭǴԱǺͬʱҲദʱ䡣
ü
ɣӦ˿룬һΪȥϽռҵ£ϹҲȤ
޻˵ðɣȷʵͦҵģ˵Щ귭ȥĥЩ
ɣҲҡ
Цˡ
诣ˣһҪ
ɣΪ˽㣬Ҳǻӡ
ðɡ
诵˵ͷǾɣڣ뿪¡
ʲô˵ܣţɿѯʵĻҲ
Ȼûʡ
ɣҿ㷢Ϣ
诺ȻǰйһԻ㡣
Ȼͺܸɴˡ
һһȥ·;û̫ã󲿷ʱ䶼ĳЩ˫˻ˣתȥҴԱǣѯǵ뷨һ˾Ϳʼڹǹˡ
ҵͷδȥһˢ˴ڸУҡϽ֣Իᱻϳ
诲ں˵ĹעȻһĿǺһ棬뽫ʱ˷ϣһӡ
ԼĿͬʱпԼ˲롣
ʹǽϳҲֻΪǸЩˣҺܿὫԺ
ǵһļΨʢʱڼΪȡ
йߵϷ㣬ڵر·ĽװãʹˣҲװΪ
߶绷ӦԺǿֵҲȵͷ̱ڵϡ
ܽܽһ·ı֣תеĻ͸ֲгڼ仹߶߶ϡƷֻݡ
ĵţżܸͼ䣬ܽܽתЩϢһ飬ⷽҲһϲͨ
˹״൱ģ˳˵ЩԼʶͬǡ
浽ʱ֣ܽܽŻعȥĻݲݣ课ͺ˫̥Կȥˡ
Ǽ˺ܶ࣬ΧΪ֣ܼ˵ӰæǳԳĿӡ
ڿǽܹͳз羰λá
һǽĻ಻ĵƻ
ҹɫҵԡڹ⺣ϡɼǳƵ⣬ЩڿеĽȺ䡣
λϷȻǿġ
˾ٱײ
˵ʵҵһμʱ򣬾;϶Ϊһ˲ˡ
½һǸмǡ
Ҳǫˣ˵սĻԤȷʵˡ
𣬴
½ʵ
΢΢ҡͷûУһǻ뿪ġ
ǿȥ⡣
֮ǰһΣ𣿡
诣ܸ⣬ҲܸȤһЩ
֪ԼҪߣֻŶ
ǵ⵹Ҳһ¡
۷ʱڳԱڶ࣬ս룬Ԫˣʣµʹͽ˭Ҳ˭ݰľ档
֪д棬߸ʹͽڵʱڣһӪģһΪ˹ǡ
ľǸܣȻ֪Ÿ߲ܡ
˹ΨнųԱܹȻҲǿɴ½ͨԼһԶ봫͡
ĳʹͽ
ǽ˹֮󣬼ʹǹԵĶλҲֻʾδֱ֪Ҳû֪λá
ңԴ֪ʮ꣬ڼûٽ˹
¼ĽųԱƩڵЩʹǣǶδ֪йôһطʣµ˻ţȻȴǷˡ
诺طδʧ
뿪֮ǰδȫԼ˹ĸ֪Ҳǳ΢ʱʱޡ
ܹԪܣõһֱԴ
˹Ĵڣĸ֪൱ˡ
ħ˴Щʧ֮˹ҲǽŸ߲㽨ġʵ֮Ŀռ䡣
ܸӦطĴڣҪҵȴס
ҹֱӶȥ˶˹
ҵһΪī٤Ĵǡ
ֵƻʱ֣ҽԺƻͨһƬæµΧͣصžȻ
ѯһҽԱȻһ·ͨؼԺ
µȻ˳ȻҲˡ
·תȥûʶκβԾ
ɵ칫òԵû£ԶţϺã
͸ˮش˳ȾѤݱµϼȼգ뷿ٺâ
ܰ칫ǰһˣʱȻվ
ƺѾ׼°ˣһװӼΪݿ续پµôĪ档
֪¡
˵ؿڣͳö£
ƺϲ֧߸¡
΢ЦŴк


198 
ǵһλ档
Ϊŵ, ֪ͨӸӦгԱҲʹͽ
ʵֱٻͨԶ̽
ȻԶԵͨ˵, Ҳͨͨ˵ķʽ档
ȻܵϵҽҲ
֧ߵйأԼȡ˵ΪãҲԽ˴Ӷˡ
Ѱ߲һ, ֻǾ˲ое
֪, һȾý˵ı׼Ȥ
ʣµʹͽ, ֱǿǿǿƵı׼
ȥˢǿ϶һ·ƽˡ
ջƮ˼, һνӴ, 㵱ҵҵĶקߡ֪ѡ߶԰ɡ
ƽؿ, ʵʵ˵ʱҲδ뵽н졣
诣Ҷ·ϣû뵽ܾ˾ȻԪˣ
⣬𡣡
˵ͷ, ΪĽֻѡһҲΪֻǸЩ츳ĸ֣ҼЩûʲôͬ
ʵ֤ȫˡ
ЦЦ, ҵǲֲ², ߺ뷨, ʵ֤һ˵۹ʵδسȡ
΢΢ǣ, ¶һЩı, ԾЩĳԭΪʵҲ۹ɷȣ
诱һңЩ, ܾ, йصİԶûˡ
Ҳ˽λʵ۱, ޴˵һˡ
֧˴߷̵Ц⣬ֱ뵭Į˵£ʲôΪ𣿡
ǰվŵһ
诣Ҫ˹
΢΢üȻΪġ
λʹͽ֧ߵ͸һЩŵʱ磬֪ĽӴҲࡣ
ȻûԭĿǰΨһѡˡ
诣֪ļ䣬֪ȥսǰǸطӡˣҪ¿ĻҪ֪ʹͽͬɣҪҡ
ٴεͷûһ˲
ΪʲôҪȥ˹
̵ĺĳѨ֪˲أҲȥЩλϢ
ЩֵֹԴЩ棬ԼǰЩ档
ǰλ֪϶Ҳ̳ǰεļ䣬϶ֻһ֣Ҫȥھʣܣȫܹ⡣
诣ţҸո˵ˣȵȣ˵һʹͽҪʹͽ
ǵġ
诣ȷ֪ļ
ҵ⣬ҵֻʩӸڹעӡⷽ棬ҷǳó׼ǵеκһˣңֻˡ
说һһʹͽǿߣ
ʹͽǿߡ˱ǽŵĳԱʹͽӡǡ
˵꣬ǽųԱҲԡ
诣
Ϊϵν죬κ˶ܳʹͽӡǵġ
ǰ춨µĹأΨֽսǿһ𣬲ܽʹͽĴࡣ
ʲô˼
ǿı׼̶ֽ׶Ļ޾ġ
֪ʱǶԪ׶ΣǿζܷĵǷ켫
ս֮ʱЩǿҪôҪôˣԽԽ˿ʼƿԪܣɱ
ǿζҪںһԪˡ
֮ʱˡ
ڵȺʹ棬ΨпɱȻĿǰҲ档
ҪŪһʹͽ͵һʹɱʹͽĻռǡ
ʹ˴࣬ǸͼҲʧ
ߡ
һͬǿߣ˵˼ţֱӸʹͽࡣ
̾˿
ޱؿмƻ𡣡
诣ҵѰɡ
ȻùԷϢ
ⲢϵԷΨһ취˵ȽѸ٣ڽܹ̲鿴Ϣǰ¡
þλԶϵҪʱá
֧Ϣ
ûӣ֪ıһϤİӰ
һ˲䣬ڷ۵ͷǰŮרע·Ψһˡ
֧ߣ
ȫ۹Ĺ϶ֹһμӢֻǿ´δ¶顣
һĻϣ˵ᱻЦء
Žʣʹͽôţ£ּˡ
൱ܵӦһû̧ͷȻڿ诡
֧ߣ
Ҳ֪ϡ
֮ľ𲢷һ֪
֪ѡߣΪǰҲΪܳɹЩӡ
ȻΪɺۺݵĽ־ע⵽ǰߣŹ֦
ʱҲע⵽ˡ˵ȷʵˡǸѡ֮ĺϵ
Ҳ˶ˡ
诳Ϊ֪֮ʦߵЩСȦﴫ߰㣬ȴĶʲôϵ
ȻҲȷʵûǷĽ
ȵ۹֮ɺ׼֮ƺĳЭ飬ڲٴ޷Щв²Ա
Ͼǰмλʹ˵ʱֻʵַ´Ϯ
֮ȵֻһЩڷɱԵ֮󣬻ʵ۱¾֯Ĵڡ
ȻͷκŲһ£ٵʵһֱ˵Ĵԣƺָͬһ𰸡
ܼ𣿡
֧֪ô˵˳ָָԼҪһʹͽæ˲С
۹ͳ̧ͷһۣΪǾ仰еһ
֧ߣ
ȻתͷȥĬû˵˼֮С
һ˲䣬֧϶ͬ⣬ΪǲǿͷϵһŵҪʵʵԼ
˵֪ʹͽǶͬһĸ֡
ԣ֮Ĺϵʹͽʹʹǡʹߺʹһܲö¼
Ȼŵվֻһʹ֪ʹͽǲֱ׵¼֪ҲԼǡ
ŵԼԪܺںϵĲΨ֪ʹ÷
ʹǰλΪԪˣҲδؾһҴƱ˵ܵǯơ
ʹ֪ûֱɱʹͽǷӡ߶ס
֪ԪܷԶʤһλ˵ܺѷɫһЩۺʵ̫ࡣ
һ֪յ̫̫ӣ˽Լܹӡʹͽһһĸ򲻹ġ
ʱʹͽҪ󻹲Ԫء
֮ܶκӵ˶
οǰĵ۹֮Ųɵӡ
𣿡
Ȼ֧֪ƺЩͷؿڴߴһ䡣
Ǹڷ۵Ҳ̵ؿˡ
ɣĸÿһ㣿
֧ߣ
Լˡ
ʹͽܹ߸λá߸ƺǹ̶ġвͬĴࡣ
ͬһƺŵĴǹ̶ͼϣҲб仯
һƺǸѰ⣬Ҿö࣬Ҫĸλðɡ
ɷнµص˵ͷϲϲʲôɫ
֧ߣ
ԭһոոǳĬ죬˼ҪҪ룬ĥѡĸƺšӡǷĸλ
ðɡ
ˡ
Ϊӵ˶ֱͬ⣬Եۡ


199 
Ҫ°ˡ
ޱ˵, ûµĻǾٻɡ
Ҳ
˶϶뷨
ҽԺԺ뿪Ҳקĳλ½׼ųԱ
ֱ˲ƻؿ
ϴ̸¶̨, ʱڷ֮£ͣĵƹҹĻҫš
诣Ҳ֪ļ䣬˹˽٣
΢΢ҡͷ
ԽŵܸȤʱҲֻרעѰҺйصļ, ľͶûϡ
ɣ֪ôط
Щ黭, ˹һ, 洢һЩϢ
δ䣬Աߵ˺Ȼץ֡
Ƴߴ˲ֹһͺ, 诺һֻȫ߬ס, Ҳקָ
Ȼַ, ϵ״̬
ɵͷǰͬԴŮֻһƬë޵ڷ
꽫, άϵ֮棬ӻԪ֮ˡ
̵˵ţڻ̨һ
ֻⳡе, ˶ӡǵ𣿡
诰һ, Ȼֻ߸, , һ, ܲеʽУ
ƺЩΣȴҲɫ, רע, ŵ, Լٲ
һϣҸʲǫ̂ʡ
ɷס֣һЧˡ
յ˫ַ룬Ѿ˷Ĵ̵࣬彻һ뽣еͼ
ΪӡǺСȻÿϸëĻƶ·
ɿ˿ǸӡǣΪʲôɫ
Ϊ
״Ʋػش۾Ҳɫ
΢΢Цһ£أ
һ㶣ʲô
Ҳ֪ܾú滹Ļ
룬Ʃ˵Һϲ
诣
ȷʵϲ
Էôһ͸˵ˡ
诼װû仰֮ӡǣ㲻ϲϣ԰ϵκβλ
ҲûץǰǸⲻţνϲ
诶˵ֱӴˡ
ӺѾһλ
Զ﷭޵ĺ⣬ŵʹĺơ
վһƬĸϣ·һƬǳǳĺɫʯɵɳĮԶԶȥͬѪ
诽ߴӻĮջأתɽµķ
ǰһصľ޴ǽ״ֻǺ˸߸ߵı״¥塣
ǽǳİ쾧ʯ״Ĺ˿˸ҫ۵Ľɫâɽʵ۽
ƬΨôһĽĵطɢһЩĻߣһЩ߰
ЩȴҺ֮䣬ּһģĻۣڡ
һܰ
һߣǵˡ
Ȼǰȥ
λ涼Ϊ˹λ֮⣬ĳֶĿռ䡣
ִֻǵһǰĽ֪ܵĵط
֪ͼ䣬͹ѣֻҪѭŸ֪Ѹٽӽһ·ϻҵλѷ졣
ȻⶼΪ֪¡
ǱӡģҪ»ѡ
课ֱǰߣֱŹ⻬޷ǽ塣
￴ȥûԵڡ
ְ̧ǽϣǺصĺɫʯ·˲䱻ȼ
һȦһȦ״Ļɢת˲ΡߴĽ·֮С
ȻǲĻֻǳҵĹâɵĴ
Ҳȥ
Ҳǽ˲䣬ЩĹȻͱǣ
ߴһǽںȻѣС飬Щ鷭ת۵һĽͨ档
ʰϡ
̤һƬ谵ĳıڵƶϨţȻӰйٶԻĹ۲졣
ע⵽ڲǽڽҲĳ־壬ǽƣֻɫƺƮѪϢ
˿ߵˣ̲סпһ䣬̵֪ʱӦûһɡ
ɿǰĲ·ڣ˵Ҳһĸܰӡǰ˴ȷʵ뵽һ졣
ЩЦ
ʵ˵ǣŵĵħˣԼЩħߵ࣬Ǿû뵽Ԫ˻ΪŵһԱ
Ȼ쵰Լ˼һ½ĳԱǡ
ĳЩ˵ĹϵΪͺˡ
һ˵ʵҲûʲôģϵԼ֯ûʲôʵС
ҡҡͷҺûл㡣
ţ
ллλĸԸһˡ
Цӯӯ˵֪֪µĶȤȫΪ˰æģ𡣡
˵;ֱתһȥƺҲĻش
ʮ㣬ȽṹΪӡ
ȥ˼㣬һƬŲ񷶥
컨ǽǷģװãǰ·汻ɽֵģ˵ɢҵΣһ໹Ƶĸ䡣
բŻ򿪻գеֻһ룬֪ûü򿪻ڹرա
ЩСĸ￴һȦѻ˵һЩϡеĽĻеаװˮ߲ˡ
Щ̵İװȻ󿴵ڡ
ǰıʱʽž֪뿪֮ǰǶʱ䡣
Ŵ߳ȥ
վ棬һȱ˽ǵݰ塣
ֱӽеƷԷȻͷһۡ
ŵݰѾǰ״̬ˣϢһҳϣϷͶӰͼ
ϡ
˼ؿǸͼ
ǿЩϳɵͼܵԪܵ𶯡
ħ˵ġ֡
ħǸʹԪܵͳƣʵǰͬ壬ħﶼǡˡһ
ĸ壬ʹֵĿҲΪ˼¼졣
һԪܵľַʽ
ıǸڲͬĸҲиôڲܹͬʹõĳ̶Ҳͬ
ħ˵ȻûôԪǱԴôôȫûκơ
诣֪оħ˵ġֹطס˺ܶˣǿڹͬоԪܻ߽ħ֮ġ
ܣطǱƻ˵սĻҲǺܼҡ
Щλ涼лۣҲЩȱλǶԾ̫ССˡ
΢ЩʵߵսΧĵҪһ룬Ҳö༸ӡ
诣ǡ
ɸ˼·Ĺ򡣡
һۡ
ɣ֪Щʹͽһ桪
ףطͻԵĹ򣬾ҲǱƵ״̬
ƬƵǼֱϲ²ȥ
طĽṹ൱ÿһĲ߶ֻͬȺתǴ۸ӣž͵·òתȥ
²ҵһԲεã˸ι״ĵܣÿһʮֹ죬ȥǲͬۺһ
ſפ㡣
ӦӳŲͬԴͷȻ΢ħ˵ֱֱǵĲͬ
еİеϤ
е֮Ӵ
Ӧþˡ
֪Ÿ߲Ԫܵо岻
Ȥ֪µЩʹͽȥλ棬꣬Ϣ
Ĺ
Щطĵˡ
мֵĲ֡
һںڶܿ꣬ȻҲջ񣬵˭֪һλʲôطиָٺò
ǰЩֵֹĵ񡪡

һطӡ
诵˵
ɳ󣬡㻹վ
š
ָָЩ񣬡ÿһ棬˵ĳ塣
֪¼ǵϢƩƿǵȺص㡣
ȻЩϢ񲢲ֱõ֡
诣ֻҪ߽ȥӦûĳ棬֪ҵˣһʱ޷ܾͨҪܾúܾãһ֮ЩϢͻῪš
΢΢üĽ־㱻Ǹ磿ȷ⣿ô֪
ĬĬֱָָߵǽڣ滹һĻдء
ɣ
ʶԼƺеʧǡ
ǸĻĻҲĳҳ棬м֣֪ǰĿͷļ̳⡣
ݾ˵Щ
֪ʾ˭Щ֣ôȻ߱˶Դĳλ
Щλ涼ǽųԱĵط
ɣҪȥˡ
诵˵ͷԼȥ̽Ҳٸδ֪Ҳܻиֲ֡
ǰһȥ˾ջǰµϢ
诣ûнݾҾԼеĻҲ϶Ź
˵Цһ£ִ˴ǰĶѣҲƤŵĺϻˣҲԸ֮Ҳֹһ֮Եˡ
Ҳ൱һ㡣
Ҳֻסؿڵ֣˵һȥء
Ұ㺰æӡ
һһ˵֮ʲôҶԤûȨǿԹۣҲûȨǿ룬һжѡ񡣡
΢΢ǣڰ׷ﵴЦ⣬ԣԼɡ
˵ͷҲص߽˵Ӱ˲䱻ƾճֵĽɫ֮С
ʧ֮ǰɺԥظ˹ȥ
ʵЩδ˵ڵĻ
Ʃлʱʵ
ӺܾǰʼϲԸյϲʱЦݡ
һ̣Ҳյһ̡
ΪĻϲפԸ⸶κδۡ


200 
ɽϸƬϢء
رϵĿռŸ, ϫܼӾԶĻɽ·ڵʯͰƵأߵôݲ
ʮʬ˵صڵ, ƵĺۼЩǹѪڻգնϵĹҲһһ
ǵѪҺɺڵϣһɫĺۼ, жϢ

˵, ӦóδȫָȥʳǵѪ⡣
Ȼûмĸо, ҲҪκⲿ, ĻܾͿת
֡
ǲҪʳ, ôΪʲôĸ
˵Ҫ, ڲҪˣ
ʶԼ֪һЩ⣬µĸԴԲּȱʧ
֪Լ֣򵥵ĶΪضĸ, Ⱥ
ȻͬʱֺʶԼģû, Լ
˼ֹͣˡ
ûôںʧȥļ䡣
, Լÿ춼ʧȥһ, ͷ, Ƥ, ָףѪ, , һе
˲Լͷ, ôֺʲôء
վԶȥ
һֱδĳͣЪ
һֱǰнͺڤڤĳִڵȴȥѰھ
ʲô
˺ܾúܾãССΨ޾Ļԭͻɽ
ԴΪѷʯЩҶʳЩܱĿƺҲһĥ
ǻɱԱ˴Ϊʳ
ûҪĶ
ôš
ǰߣת˷򣬡ߡ
жơ
㣬գ¶ȡЩ·𶼱ɿնĸ֮塣
ããǺﴩ
ǵĹҫţ͸Ũܵĳɢ
̫Уǰ޾ȴǰ⾰𺳡
һ˲䣬ʶԼһķ⣬Ҳֻоһ֡
ǰУҵһи
ɽɭְΧųУ岼Ľֵܼ¥̣ѵĹɽߡ
ĸߵż¥ˮӣܱӲƽ̨ǧϰٵķɴǱ䡣
Уһ·òͬ
ʹõİϤһЩĽźͬڲظ
Щķɫ죬и״Դ֫Ҳвͬէһۿȥʮֻҡ
ȻҲҵеһԱ
վڹ㳡ϣһֻֽˮ֮УȡЩǵҺ壬ܿʳ֮ζطˡ
ǲˮϣԼĵӰ
ˮе˲κһ壬֪ǾԼӦеӡ
ԭģȻûʲôֵģӳܻ仯ҲδؾҪͣڵһ̡
ĻﶼԼٿʱֱ仯
վǰߣԱߵȺ£һ𣬷ź
Խعڵͷ浹Ѫ˴Ӱ
Ŭ˺ҧű˴˵ͼ¸֫壬¸˿ڡ
Χ˼Ӻеһ˵ʧͺԼԭڴʲôõģȻµһֻȻζ
Ȼ䣬Щ򶷵ʱֿ
һ˵״ϸֳѿڣÿѿڶһһɼʸƵ͸ĶҺ
ΧĹǷӦһ˿־壬˷ܣ˶ֱӱһҺ
ЩùԴڻˣʣ˿˿ڳİ͹ƽ˿ڡ
䶾ҺҲʹսʤ˶֣Ķֱǧٿףóʮ顣
̧ͷʱЩΪҺ־ʹˣһ
ǸѩƤƬųľĺɫë
Ҳͷؽ˺ܶ඾ҺƤȴûа٣ֱ۷ԴԱߣ첲ϵͷʳЩˮƵҺ塣
Ϊơ
ǷڶҺơ
ԥسȥ
һ룬ڵĴͬľס壬Ȼ׾ٵؼĹ
ŤΣͬƵˮ򣬴ĶҺк
Χٴμ
һ˵ԶľΧۡ
ѪͶҺһڵ϶ѻһİɫˮѵѷ档
ˮϾͻζŵĺڷ۵
а⻬Ƥźۣ֫ͣ鲼Ѫڣʮ趯Ĵ룬ųĻȡ
ôϵԼĵӰ
ͬʱҲڿܶط
Ʃ˷Լˡ
һԱ˴ΪʳרЩǿߵƺʶΪʻԼ
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