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ÿ£ϲȥ

ŷԪ䡷ߣ΢᡿
İ
ҶһһΪʺϡŴŮƤС˵
µ죬͵ĺ磬
ƲһĴ©ݲݵϣ˴ǸøԪ䡣
ҶΣ
һѿˣһƼݿѸԼһ**귴ɡ
һͷϸ𼱣վͻᷢǮˡ
ѿͳһ߬ϡѿϸϸԣˡ
ҶΣ
ү衾žޣӢţ֮ࡣʵյΪʶλѡ֮һȴΪ丸ıһ
ǧţŮеĲУʣһĸһֶŮ
Ϊ𣬹ĸ͹˸ϱ
Ҳʮ˴һ֦ҶΣ
Ҳʶ֣ΪӲóǳҲһƤܻˡ
ҶûǴھ죬衸һֽϳšصҵڶͱ̰ƵĵµҤӣһͱ**ˡ
ҶΣУȻŰɡ
һΣȰ©ݶ˰ɡ
ϱɱˣңñȴȻһ
ʮ;ƿݣ֮ϡ
һֻصʮʱĸ׽ڣֶŮδزϱǸΪ˾ТȢŵĴץһվſڻ
ү
psӭۣ߾󲿷²ɾһֱݲĴۣжŤ࣬߾ٱɾ
ݱǩ  
ؼ֣ǣҶΣ衩ǣ
һ仰飺ָǲУԼվ
⣺ǿ
Ʒһִ֪ŮԽ֮أɱŴboss㿷Ԫ䣬ȱʳִ֪ʶգֲȴӸıһƴը
ԸǿڶгȤµ豥³ζһ澳ܴδĹ¡


1 
Źһ󺮡
Ƕ£δתů󡣷ʱʱµģһһաũɲɣѩû꣬ꡣ¶ȥˣû񺮶ͷţɲ˻
ʪյģͷŵĸû¶ܼҿʱһֵĸվ¸С˵ϱûأ
ҡҡͷ̾ˮû˻ڷŸȣ˵
͵͵˵Ҷһۡ
ͰƵķ䣬ǼŴ̱ǵùζХ˶Ĵϵĸ𶯡֮ԼĪô졣ͷķԭľģªľͷǰͷõӡֽһ֨ѽ֨ѽ졣
Ҷӵͼһݽĸ
Ǹбް첲ϥǵĵط˲ѽϴ÷ס˸֪ʲôķ٣ʽӡ·Ҳ˸룬ϡࡣ˶ʱϲˣ
Źֵǻе秵ζҶεüͷ
ǸûƼأԷе뼲߽Сĵڴر¡Ķͷ̾˿ȶҲȥˡˣҶΪ㰾ȥѹ
˵ţְҴҴǡ˵ֱ϶Ǻ׵Ķָͷ׵ܲ
Ϊӵ¶ˣ˸վ͸÷ǮˣʱۼҲ°ȥᣬ߶߶ġ
Ҷ΢Ƴֽ֣Ŀɨܡ
ﲻ֯ɽݣǸ֪ʲôݵǽڣһҡǰһķӣһյ͵ƣû㡣ǽһľӣǼ򵥵ľĽոѡ
Ҷα˳ڽˮ磬ȥܶطҲֻڼ¼ƬƼ
вõԤС
˼ɫãɷɷ׵ģΪﲻæ
Ҷλǲ˵˶ʱЩš˼Ķͷɫ˵⼸ղһȦɫպöˡ
ʣͷСϸĿһСſű߶һץϸϸغĸ
ŤͷСѴ߰㡣ش
ҶԵؿţѾİǧˡŮͯɵŸ׺·ŤͷͿҶΡԼĪ꣬һŴԴعҲϣҶε䵽Լϣһ߬ϡѿǵݹԡ
Ҷζ˶ӲȣһĴͷ˷ָʮָ޳ֱ⻬ûʵİ̡ⲻ֡
е˵һԺȻӿİļ䡣
ҶΣһһᶨĿѧߡԽһ
һ´ȣʹͷ죬ҲˡٲŴԽô׵»ᷢԼҲóϣԽˡֻǰͨϹûûɱûгǶһ۾ˡ
ҲҶΣһһͯŮ
ֳһܵܣáֳѳףɩǰţȻرɩһҶĸһŮɩҲӣŮһӽʮˡмĶʮͷ
Ҫô죬ӹҲ׽⡣
ǰ߶˸˹̶ӣƤë
СĵܵҶӴСû׬һʡ𹭾ͽɽ˭֪㲻ˣҰûţɽˤˤ˸ڼţнûϻ˵ϴ۶ҶҵĶˡ
һСүү̵ĴǮκƧļҼһϦ˭ӽȥοҶС̱ˣǸ޵׶ǮҲûá
ҶͯܿŶ𣿱Ȼǲܵġ
ҶͯͶԼŮ˼ҶλʱҲȱǮͯżԳԾƣ̶Ůʶ֡ˣԽԽŰӸСҪòǮÿʶֵŮ͵վ
ҶͯʮӲǮԭҴܼϱ
ܼǸԶķ֮ܷ֡ûҲûǮŸƿ⸽ûļԸѹŮ޹ȥ
ԭʮһ֦׵˶̤Ҷҵżԭ˸߼޵ģϴھֵĶӿۡų̼϶ڻȥҶס˭˾͹˸͸޵ܼ
СܵܲܣҲֻܼޡ
䱻޵ܼƲܼҡƲûɷܼʱ͵ˣĶʱʱ㶫ȥҡ
ܼȻĸȴǺԭҲû˵ػӾˣǸҲ֪ܡԭҲˡżȻˣǾġôɣʱ̼϶ڻˡһ˵ˣվ͸ϹҪ˵
ԼҶҴͷӱ߶˵ʱ˸ײˡ
ˣͶ˳϶
Ҳϡ棬̼Ȩƣ̷ʮ͸Ÿڡϴʶ㣬ʮţÿ´ϴĸﲻţҶʱƯȲ񶼼˳Ьƾʲôų̷磿
¼ͷų̷߿ԭҪ˵ԭҲǸԶ̷¶˺θɣ¾Ͱһ
ģԭһſʯͷϡ˳﹡ӹͱˡ
ŻоӣҶΡ
ҶΣ
ԭϵɷܣ衣ʰҶδⱾʺϡеĴɣǰӣʮٳɲţžޣıһšԴ䣬˼ܡĸֶŮһ˴˵ء֮ˮ
ʮ¾棬ɴһͳϻģūɱʬλزˣĳг𱨳ԹԹŮһ붾ƣܰһ˸ɱ
衺·˵ԭݵġϾԭȷʵɺޡҲûĥԭĸɥһ顣ԭڶգҵָȥµҤӣ걻οʹһ¡
ôһԱȣܼұҶһЩ
Ҷͷ˿ָһ顣ͷĵôѪûɢƤĶѪһ¾۵Ҫ
ôˣϼò˵ǰ˻ӣôɫ԰ףǶͷ۵úܣ
ƳͷĴȥһƿҩƣҸ࿪
һαˮεӣһ顣һһεˮεͷϣ̧ͷӾ©ꡣſűߵСѿ˲֪ʱſڴֱضҶɫҰףͷѪɢˣ۵һ亹
Ҷγһ۾ɵ
ˣܼһŰɡ


2 
羪񣬿ѩɽźͦʵ캮ض̡
عϡϡٵʲô̶أһҲˡô໧˼ңש߷һ֮Ȼض࣬಻ʺֲý϶ࡣ
Ƕ£ںӺͷɽͺͺĻƼδѩ
ܼǸС˵ʵԺҴ岻䡣ҶδӴͷߵβִЩ˼еǡܼģߵĶԺӣǽ߻һھͷ󲿷˼ûģȥͷĺˮԡ
һܼûĶˮھҲǳһľͰӡر߻һ«ưӴſڵԺſʯӡݶһݣøǲʵ
ֲͷ´С꣬磬ݶˡ
ҶڴգɲסʱվԺﶢݶƣֲ߹ȥƼҶ˾һ£վ˺һ
ҶλعͷǹôһЦˡ
ӴⲻǼôӺˣǹһխ¿۾ϸһ죬׵Ƴʮֿ̱ôûȥϡҿ˵ǰ̷ͻˡôأûѰ㣿
Ҷû˵˭վŲ˵
ô˵ģôưƵġ
ԱһĻ˹ġ۸ҶζӣҾ˵ƤˡƫҪⲻö˶վô
ʲôǲСʧֲ֣ǹġԼûվȹֵ˭⻰ʯ쾪ҶüͷһǷĹ˸ۡȻ˭
ŴңҶҵɩӵӡҲǵհԭºӵǸˡ
ŴҼҶεɨͷһ񣬶ʱߡԱߵĹȴġԭųÿԵÿûټǡȻŻҲĶʲôѣճ̷̷ࣿ࣬粻Ҫˣ
ֹģ˵ĹƳŴҵѣزסʡ
ŴԼĪʮߣһƳеİӣһȦë߶£ȹӡϹ׹һΡҪúڣǹʵòˡѴЩ̣ˣһҲ㹻˳Ծˡ
Ҷε۾Ҳƹƫƫӱܿһֽ޽ǵ鷢𵽶㵽߲ߣˣ¶أ
ǹﻹ˵ŴŤͷߡǹ޷ӣֻܱظȥ
ҶĿȥ۾֪ȥĶſССϹԹԳԷҶƳС롣ﲻ֪װʲôںģζÿࡣ
һܹҶν˽ϵ·˶嶳ĽŽݡ
ͷԼһϴ÷׵޿㣬°ӵĸ첲⻹˲ȿѾӲˣֲůҶι˿ûЬӻֶֻšҶΰ⼸Ӷһ顣ɵݣƾߡ˵ӣһͭ嶼ûС
СҲ󣬾ôضһߡ׸СøСšȥ˸ǣ޾ϲʣ׵һס
ûǮûûأûӣһѸһСһ۵ˡʲô׼ƶĬĬ³һ˺þõʾŰƿڶ໰ȥ
̾˰죬ҶתۻԷװǽСľӿٳ
ԭصκУͷĶҶα붯᲻ãϾ˶ˣ˭ΣЩ·ǳ̷ġ˵ûȥҲ˲ϱġͷָ׸ǴСһӴֵӣһֵ
ҧһڣҲ֪ǲǴġǴƵģӦֵǮĸӲͨҶĥҪȻȥϰѶˡȻڿޡ
һҶæӹȥ
˵һˣǰҲһѪ̧ʲô£̧нûǷޣ˵衲ӦǼԭ϶Ѫࡣţ˸̧ݡ
Ǹ챿ġԭˣֶ˵˵ӮֻĨѶӸ̧ԸݡŴ򽻴˲Ųˣ衾¡ʮˣĸӲ˯һݡûð취ʹСŮݴ̡
ҶΣ
ò˵¶ʼ衵ؽˡ˸ֶŮǵð˸ɡתһ룬ڹŴŮ˵ĳͷǲŮӵĴֻҪǶҪһӱ˴ǵġ
ϸ룬ԭ衵ǸϴС󡣲ۣȻġƽQεСǮֲ˼ҪȨĸ׸˾Тˡ
ˣð졣
ûţҲһӵ硣ҶһӣһɱʵѪζĲҩζŻҳ췢ùζŵҪ
ڶģսˡţҲûֱһľ裬šʪҶη֣ŴиʲôϰߺܲãƵøƵġζһ𣬻˶Ѭء
Ÿˡ̫Ҳ峤࣬ģƼܳһţظһһѣ͸
Ҷε¾תȥߣһѳľ塣
ǿսУϾñײײ˿ޣʲôѴӵϣʰڷȣܼ磡
Ҷûܣľõһߣɷ紵ݡ
϶ϵӵû취³ɺһӿͷָҶεıӣֲ촽ţֱᡣ
Ҷ˵⸾δĹ֡
Ťͷ򴲡˰ӰУֻü°ͺ޳Ĳӡ¶Ƥȣյúܺ졣ʿڣܴؿڲƽЩҶָŴˣղƵںƽˡ
ϾɲƺȷʵʱЩګګ
ҶҲ⣺Ŵͨͨ磬ϡ
û˵ͷҴǡ
ҶοӷüͷܵģڼտţСӿáȥ򡣡
˵꣬˲˲̧ͷҶȥźһɡͳݡ
ô˵ûúģҽȥҳ̼϶ϲ˵֪ϱˡƽװƵĲһǲǱˣҲҶλת⣬´źķϣͣЩ
ʱҲ̸˵׷ӣҶ߳ԺԶ
Ҵ·ԼĪҪһӡ·ߣķһյ衣
ຮ֮أСҲϵҲֻȴһ㣬ש߷ĽԶˡ̲Ǻܶ࣬ŵĸࡣҶηЩҵУѴǽĶһԶȫˡ
ǴģӸͲ˵㶫ǮӡҶе׼ˮƽҲ֪ǲǹֻȥ
ӽбǱͥһСسǣҲǾҪ뷿ʮ·һӡطšʱڣʱвԭӡҶһһ߿ϱĵ겻࣬ߵʹ̵кüҡ
һ·ߣҵΨһҽݡ
ҽûȣſһСͯһûһҩһͷ׵ͷڷҩģ˽ŷ¶߳
ҶԼذ˵ˣϴû˵ҩ͸
β˵¶Ҷοɲҵ飬ǲһ顣ǾһŴʹȽŲ㣬һҧ˸¿
гӾͿˣ˲һӾ͵˴
ҶϴϽݣϼ˴ŵĲŷµ·Ͻӱϴæȥ
ϴǺּˡòŤͷϵգŶ
ϵʱҰףֽŷվסϴһʩһʹļףţԴջӹҲðɡգҲûǮˡϯһ̧ȥǡӣȻҲǸġ
ϺޣҶƳһ۴ϵˣһԲ


3 
ϴæ˺һվ°һŤͷһӹ¶ĸ̾Ϣֹסˣ仹ٷпҾƣһЩȸӡмǿǧˣ˵Ĳ֢ûϺúƳġ
һŰ
촽ţð첻˵ﻹֶϱûҶΡױʳūͳȺЩһѲԾǸˡ
ˡҪᣬϴҲ˵Ҿ
ϾˣƣҪ
ϴҪ˵ŤͷҶζһҾƴҴҴͷ
ͥյĳʶҶλ֪ġղһ˵ڸգͳȥˡ
ضҼһᱸҾƵġŶϺһҾƺһȥӶӾձȫܺӻǸ˶ȣҲܼĺȲҾƣûСҶڴá˺üҲŽ赽һ룬æ͸˻
ϴζ͵ؿҶΡûڹϣϽѾƶ˹Ҳһ˭ܶ¶ɴҪ¶Ҷ˵
һ˵һָʹҶνⴲ˵ѣڷȣòմҸ£ѣӣ֫飬ܰѸȽ
Ҷεͷʾ֪ˡϴȥдҩҲ㲻еĴң๫˵أȽӵļʱҲӵúáôţҲصȳ
Ҷα๫ָþһ£죬лԱϺݺһһ˸Ͻлϴϴһƿ˵ҩԤظ
ץҩһһǮ
ˣɬȻûӸġվһ֧졣Ҷ͵ǮҲ˵ӵˬŵùǺ۾ɵϴơҶϴȥ˳ȥץҩ
е¿ûߣϴ
ӣҶȰϴͻҽݣԼۻ֡
ϷǮǲеģ׿Ҷϻ˯žһʮ棬ʮסθһЩ룬ȥһ˼ץֻСҶĵţȴͼֻСµͷǿԵġ
ܵļһ飬Сӡ
ŵӻûȣȥ˴롣Ҷ۵ĵѪɶɴҲʡȥ̸һ⣬Щݿܲˣ˸
Сػصӣͣˡ
Ŷܳһôʳ𾪵¿תһҶΣоʹ˿ɡ˵ʳˣ̫ˡϱжӶңһӶûСȥһϾڵģ
Ļϲ˵òĶŪʳҶλﻹֻС̣¸˻Ŀʵû𻰡
ĻЦóҪġǣԸҲԣ
˵ҩҶûɫ䣬ԷźСְѻһҩͳͿʼȣԼĪ¡
ϿҩĽӲǣҲǡ
Ҷת˸䣬һüͷǮҵġ
ͷʱͲˡ
ŵŵؽӹҩľߡҶεûʲôоϾԭ¶ģȻû̫񣬵˾ͱ˼ġͷʳλڰţͷ£ʳһûָˡҶθϽȥѶûݡ
ʮ棬ʮףһĿڳ¡Ҷ΢˵ס
ڼҩҶʰһ¾Ͱó
Ϊһ֪͵Ҷγ˴󲿷ʱҵϣʣʱ䶼ܡͻľǳաҪǾ׾ֻһ⣬ܸʮֲͬĻ
Ҷΰˮϴһ飬ϣתͷȥˡ׼ڶĽӡô࣬һǹ񫣬̫ݳޡܼ뵽ӸǮ֪Ǻʱζ㹻ˡݿܲʡݲˡ
ڶ˽һ𡣴нĩŽȥΣڶ
һԿҶΰӣָһתһཱུĽӡԱС¯ӻڼҩˮҶεüۡ˵æһſڣķͷͷһţð˾ҪҪջ
СͷҩţҶؾͰʮӡҲûϾ͵ͷ
æ£ҶαҨһưˮϴ
ϴˣҨ˼ưˮȥ½ӡƮ̡
ʮӣҶθһʮСڳԵһ˳ԵķûޡСҲԵ̻ʵġͳҶЦҶҲ⺢ӽʲôިިСި
Ա㣬Ҷץһࡣ
׾Ǻ˵Сףⶫ༫áζ̣к͡ȡⶾĹЧȻڸбȴЩû򹻣ҲŴҶΰʣµæţߴϵ˿ʼ˵˺
͵ֶ϶ġһעⶼ̫塣
ϳһۣͻˡæܳҶΡ
ҶҲû飬ʪϲ¾ȥ˶ݡ˵Ķͷ̵ȶȣ̵öܼ弦
ѾùյȻȴûƾŨȸߣЧƲôԡŤͷҶüָӣȥչˮ
䲻⣬Ҷƶ̬ȡҲû룬ȥˡ
Ҷ͸⿪˵ݣλͦÿҶοٵ֫ȥˮ
ųȥҲû˭ע⵽ϵ˽յ£ع
衷·̶һ˫³̾ʧĺйֹȴͣĹ¡
ҵģҶǱƲѵġ
ʢһʱʺһ˫ĿԹضϿ۵ӡͿʺ춹ޢֱֽ֣߬͹ӳĽɣӡ㲻²ߣʱɱ󹬣ԹԡΪƫҪϾɱ
ʰΪοһۣ
ճյǰˣԸ⣬澶ĸԸֻҪԸ⡭ƫƫңΪʲô˶ңΪβң
㲻ңұɱ㣡
ԹѪ֮鵭Į޶ԡ
㣬¹ŵŮǷħ߼ԹޣҪʺѪһһδǵ䣬оʹϮʮ̹Ȼ
Ĵһ̼衻ʶȻѣۡ
ҶֱֱЩմƵĲӵ³һ˫£Ӧûܶࡣ
ЪһԺͷ˺ҶͷһۣվԱߵС˵⿴ţҳȥơȣٽҡ
˵꣬ӡ
ϵ˰ıӰãȻشһȦܡڿǰվŵĺʱһ˿𾪡
ͬʱҶߵԺ⣬վһĸˡͷϹŻʮ£ۣƲһĳࡣ˲ˣҶεĴɩϡ
ɩżæŵңǳʲô𣿡
ҶεЦЦǰЩֺõصҲʲô¡˵ղġʵǲС㣬ûվȣŽºӡҲŵòᣬȥ㡣˭ȱ֪ˡ㿴ܼܲȥһˣ˵˵
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ


4 
ŴҲˣҶҴɩҶϵӡ
ǰҶϵȥˣɩӲ롣δ˵׵СӵţҶϾŴҽӵҶЩŴҶҹӱҶ׹Ů󡣽㵱żңȻԳ̸ɵģҲ档ƽﲻɻƢȴԽԽҶöƫԭõôһӡ
һǰϴھֳ̼ҶͯԾƣҶͯ˱̷ܻպԭӭ̷һ۾
ԴԺ󣬳̷;ҽҶҴ߶
ôϢĺﲻٹҶ˼ͷȻٲŴҡʮˣͰ˵üкӡƫҶϹߵߣ˭Ҳϡ߲ɵͲ͵Ҷҡϵ¼òУõĳ̷ɲͰˣ
ŴҰҲļκγ̷ƲⲻǡҶӳ¡ҶΪǮͷö̷ȥڣŴҾҶϹĶҶͯҶƳȥǮҲ¶
Ҷε¾ɩӣ๫ˣ߲
һҲʲô¶Ҷ϶ʱͼˡҪѴҸϳҶңҶҪǲȥȰȰô죿öʮˣ˵׵Ĺؼʱ򣬡ﰡڼʱɩӶ㲻ɣ͵ɩӵϡ
Ҷβȥ¾ҪҶι¡
ҶȻ
ҶϳûͿޣɩӲǺöҪǱͻȥָͱˡûӹǰҪãôã㵱Ϲ
¶ҴҲˡҵôˡ
Ҷ˵ϲִ֣Ҷζվȡʵڱ޷ֻܺӦˣ˸ߡҶϵӦʣĻϲˡ
ҶŤͷݣϵѾˡ
Ŀԣ˷䣬ڷ磬ؿǽ
һ˫ķ纬ǺӡƷ˿޼䣬ȴĹࡣīˮΪڵҲס߻ȣأѻƵ۽ס͵ƻƣһҡҷζƵĹ·һ繵£ϡ
Ҷ֪衿ϾŮòµİ¹⣬ǴΪ𺳡ãоȹǱᳶ¡
ͷިָָϵĲӣˣ󡣡
ިӪٻ˵ǼּġҶλˡæԾִٵعȥӼȥӵСȻ˵Ķͷ
ȶѾ
ûʹϵ͸ϵݳָѩҪסһԲͷ
һ̣Ҷѹס𾪣侲ިȥĸˮպûպˣĸʢ˽
ި仰˵壬öͷСȵŵŵܳȥ
ҶƳ˴һۡ˰ģƺڳ˼ǶȥͷˮֻɾˮݡѾȥ
ֻʣʱҶЩŤƳ۲֪ʲôˣ֪˵ʲôưʱһͰˮҶξ͸ɴҨˮҡҪģȻһȣΣ˿ڿܻá
ҺˮҶηѡ
˻ţ˭嶼Сˣһһ˫۾Ҷﻹµȥѣԥǲǽ̧ͷһŤͷߡ
һһֹ˵ʰüûʳǶˣȥ˹
ӲܵõǺܿ졣ҶŤͷȻµĿ׷ϵıӰŻζšٶһѱ۾
ˣ˼Ҷ⣬ƨ
ľ⿪Ҷνˮʪšðɣá
ʪʱһְֻס
۾ۣɳỺɤ·ǺȷǡҶϣ
Ҷξܹ֣תһ롣˳ɻ֮ʱ˻ۣԭҲֻ󹫼ݵáϵҲ֣ǵͷҡҶΡ
˵Ŀüۣ֪ڿʲôĳġʲôû˵ۡ
ҶøɾѾͳȥˡιСࡣٳѾ˯ˡҶں˵ͷûĽӵȥ
ɫ΢ĹɫԵĴɵġҶνʣóࡣٵĴнץڶŪǷ̨
æأŵζվͷ˲ˣǸһ巿µǮ˶ϣչǮˡ
һ⻰ʱͼˡﶼŹǮأôͷˣ
㣬ƹǰһͳȥ߶˸ˡ˵ŻҲһĻƹĵˣûһǮ¶ֻϡ
Ǳ߶ͨ·ͷҵġ·ϽٵҲܶ࣬˲ⱡȻפֻҪЩ˲ӶᣬǴǲܵġߵ̻ǲϣ죬ร
̾˿ˣҲû취ʱϵҶϱһתΣһǾҪ
һŤͷƼҶξվںͷ
Ҷʲôû˵ͷֽˡʵϣղ˵ˣҲǳġЩεǮѾȥ˴롣ʣǵ޸ݶȻʣûɽտ϶ǲеġ
صسһҶζõ
ٵΣһư̵ˮȥζһ۾ֱˣôιƲ̡
๫ġ˵ò䵰ʣǱǮһӾһˣ׳ǲСҶĥŸղĵ˻ͦⱡһӣһֻķݶ취Ūֻĸ̣Ӷ˿ڻ
û˵Ҷô˵ˡ
ϸ˽ȥҶˮϴ衣ܶ䣬̼ܼ첻ϴ衣
ǵ˽ȥ˻ʣûԡ϶ȻǲģЩֱճԱ᲻̣ҶΣЩˣ
ҶεͷިԡܻܲϴС˯ϡҪһ˯ͱɸɾĲС
ˣϾϲɫãʹިȥϴ
϶˸˺С˯ͼܶࡣҶθ϶ҹ˯ùصˣǶĶռضި˯ò̤ʵҶӣҹСӰŵԼһԡ㵹Ҳǿպϡ
һ磬ҶβԺڣҶϾѾˡ
ӼòУŴҶҵȷʵùûü緹ҶθϽһҴһҡ
ҶׯҴڴ壬·һӵĽų̡
˵ҶʱûˡŴڸԭԺﳳ졣׳ָߣֹҶöھֱĨᡣ˵Ҳ˼ҶŮԭһǺһƢۣһʵƢЩ
ʲôҶңүӣҶ˵з
ͼ˳죬Ҳȡüͷһ壬һ棬ſھҶãһ޿ʲô֣ͷ¶ĻΪڼɥأ
ҶñҶͨ졣Ҳһ죬ͷһһͰԺߡ
ҶƳۣͷ౻޿㣬ˮصĺܡ
ʲôҶסղڳʲô
Ҷû뵽㿪ڣһ͵㣬˵˰Ѷ˯ñӲȫϴˡͰҸҽһϴһͰҽ˵Ҫ˵˼ˣֽҪϸţܸɻôѱ죬ϴҲϴ갡
ôһޣҶе㲻ÿƳҶΣ˵˵ŰҶνл˭֪ղһ죬ƫİҶһͨǲá
ﰡɩҲƫ̻ңʵϴˣûȴֻϴɾġҶϺ˵ȥˣһͻȥ
ˡҶνҶðͰɩҿŴ⻹ԼҶҵĽءԺõĴõģҶߺġϴҶõūʹأҿҲҲˣ¶ûôˡҵĶĹĶȥ
ҶƳŴϳĴ°ӣǣ˵ϵҵİɣ


5 
ʲôģҵѣŴҶʱβ͵ĺƵҶĪˣܼҵӾô࣬ʲôöͶģ
ŴҿɲǸġܸɵóľҶһʹ˼ҹ¶ʲôܣ
ؿһŤͷݡ
ҶǰֽǰһЦЦʵԭЩѣһթŴһӷȷˡ
ۻƵĳӣɫҲһ֪򱾵ġͣҲôǣӶһأȹҲֻͷҶЦ˶Ҳ±Ƽ
ŴȻǲϡ
ҶεͷУˡҵǲͷúô
ŴʱˢףһʶŶҲûôԵġ
Ҷε۾
ҶȻãǻǴԸͷġ㶼ѹӴߣĶɩӲùҲſھָô˵ģ˵ҲҪ˵ˣ࿴ŵͷȥϸͺö
ҶϰǻŴһҧǱ͵ġҶζˡϽÿ˼£ƫҪѹһͷҪһ䣬ôõ¶
УͷҶҲЩǱҶģȻ˺ùޣɩӾ޾ǡұ㲻ˡﻹˡ
Ҷɫһ䣬ӦҪ
ûˡڼҾôŵģҲû˵ʲôҶθ˲һԴúܡģü˴ſڽ
Ϊ׵ҶүӺҶׯĴ峤żϡ
Ҷׯɽһ˲סҶүͯڴмʲô¶峤ѰⲻҪˣҪ̯ÿÿȥͷ̾ǰԴ˨ϣ˭ҲԸ⡣ͷֽȥһȺ˳üҵģԶҶŮ֡ҶүڵøƵġ
۾ŴһƳͷ˼Ļһð
ǿڳϱĸжҶҵĴ󹦳Ҷϴͷһ˼ӿࡣӸҲ˫ӵ¶ŴӦڼ˭֪żС˴ҶҵģҶҵģ˻ҰҶҵĹˮơ
ļҵٺãҲûô˵ԩͷġ
ǽôػҶң
ǣ㿴ﶼ˵ˡ˵ţҶҶεĸ첲˵˵ǻᴺҲǲǣ˵˵
ָ˵Ķĵ
ƵķˣҶεŴҵʱɲˮƣ㿴ͷʯͷõġûһͷְӵˮӡãƼ˸պðҸҪȻˮһֻǺ޵Ҫ˼Ҷ¡
˵Ŵұװû뵽ҶκڰľȻֻһ£ԼʯͷϣҶ࿴ˮûܣ㣡
һſڣʲô׶©ˡ
Ҷүɫ࣬ŭϣߣԸߣϴͷزд飬д첲յģ
Ҷϻˡ
ҶүҲ˲ǰϱ˭ڱֹһһЦŮô軹óԺúȹ˼ҡŮ㱻ɱˣҶүﻹ̵ˣߣߣãھд㡣
Ҷŵʲô˵ŴҾҪȥҶүģô˵ҪŴҸߡŴһһ˵ڶͰޡ
ҶһĴѧǰ㿪ʼԼࡣ๫ôһӳࡣָүܿͿķϷŹҶүϺˣ˶ӡ˶ڿأҶǰҶҵˡ
¾Ҫд顣˭ס
ҶŵҪĶҿޣ˲ãȥүӱ
ϱֽȻҶ䡣ٻãҲûԸҪ˵ԼĸһŮܱȶŮô
ֵģûдɣŴȴǰ϶ġվߡ˲ߣд顣Ҷ˵ҶΡ޿ʰҶθȥɷŴҲ˺ЩӵĸĲʽװһӡΣҲ١
ŴһҶ䵽ϣƵİѶװ
ҶδԺûˣҲŤͷˡ
ҶׯҴ廹ٻ˼ҡòԶһӡҶβŴҳ·βĺӱߡһƳƼӰϺЩϴѡ
ҶһʯͷϣüʹǱĨ
ͷϴ費ڣ䣬ȻܲϴͲϴеһ춼ϴһء˯ıӴøϴҶϴ˺üǣϴֶˣ۹ճͷҶԱһƳһŸ˶ô
룬ôϴĸɾûϴ·۵ô
ֹֹһ
Щ죬Ҷڿ˼ĥǮ·ӡ˼ȥģû³̡ǾĥǲŪִֹģǶѡԼڼͷĻá
ԭеܼĿǰ˵Ǯɱڶѡ
Ƶóɱߣأ
ΪֹҶרȥϡʱõӣõٷƳɡһɱߣٻһƳʮӡⶫǹʱ򸻹˼Ҳõģ۸ӦúܸߡҶüͷûг
Ҳһشͨǹҵ·̶Ӻܶࡣб·ĶǴ̶ӣǵǮǶ̶ܱˣǮӦҲ졣
һ룬иͷġĿ̶ָӣǶͲܲ
Ҷð˸ͷ˼ƻһڴƻҲֻܷŷšҪһһڳԣǮҪһһʲôӣ׬һͰ
䣬ⶼѮˣûлůļ
ģߵ·һܰҶεĶŲӣ첽ҴߡȻصܼңսţһ껩ͽҶû뵽˸
ͬʱܼҶݡ
ϿźòĶӣȰʰίȢҶ¶ȷʵļˣ°ĸֵܺ㼸ֶȫûˣⲻյĵطܼҾʣһ硣Ҳãиʲôôިô죿
ʵܼҵ
׶÷һ鳤󣬸ȻЩⲻû취𣡡ܼҰˣ˼һԺաʳôຮ֮Ѱһ֮ˡôô벻
ĸףε˹޹ء
ΪΪΣ
һ˳ŵѾǵͷˣȷʵЩòһһĺãȹЩ޶ۣϲ顣ҲǺõġԸ̱ǡѵʹ˶Ͼｫܼڡ
ȰȥҲƲòˣƲһҰ帾ףȢѾͿռҵס

ĸﳳף˵ѹס⼸Ŀࡣ
ҶζһˮصңսűЭƵ̾ϢӴȢޡ˹ҶΣ޸ϵ
ɤԽɽһ顣
ҶƳһǴŵòӲ˲Դϵˮתݡ


6 
ϵΪȢϱͿ˼ҵסϱȢһ߶ǲеġӲɿڣñķӡ
ܼҶ⸱ҵģĶʲôأȰŪһȥͲҹҹ˯һŴӻ̵ס﷢źݱȥĥҶΡҶԴ̸͵òˡҲ˵Ӧֻ˵๫Ӻ˵
⻰ȨӦˣϲЦտתͷһ˼ĥôˡ
ҶεȻ衰˾ΪءԭУȢԭţûҪᣬ͵˸ѡָ衻ᡣ
˼һתҶξͰ¶ˡôһ©õʪյġ
ʱũңﶼأǵȽϸĵءʪ˱״򻬣ûעˤһӡʧߣ֪óϽݶˡ
Ϸ꣬䣬ߵӴ൥¶ƽڶҪôձݶбСǽΪľӦϺܼ©꣬ҪôݷʱûܣҪôãѩĽƬǲʵҲǱŵܲ˸һݣǲݱ˷һò֡
ҲѣԼȥŪáѵûǮСҲҪǮġ
һǮѵӢۺ
ҶĥôȥУһӸܲסһſڡһҩ̽룬ץһȥձ̶ֻ¡һĹҶòΧǿضͱС̸ˡ
˵ȷʵ̭ͦ
û취Ҫ͵ܼʺضûԼӼʺġϹˮʱƼˣζҶֹȴû˵ףӶûЩԸЩϱҲ˵
˵ʶ࣬ҶθʳˮֽǿСطɨɾСߴߴߴĽŻͦе͵øеζҶֽһܲóȥߴһͰˮˢϴܲܲ˿ܲԡ
ܲ˿һҳСԡϼ򵥣úȴҲܺóԡ
ҶãǱ߿ٵؽܲгϸ˿ˮÿɴţšˮСгμμӵϰ衣ҶǰʱҪʮģܼҲûȶֻܴнĩ͵ȼ򵥵Ūһ£һȥڻȥ
æأһתײһСͷһިС쳯ֺõЦճҶĽӣôĺ֪˭óԣˡ
Ҷʵ̫ϲСǶŮæһ굽ͷżңݼҲżݴ꣬ǿֵģֱجΡҶζСĸйٶӡި֣ҲޡҶξ;⺢ͦԣȥ̨ţ¶
СӣվվСָһָ۾ģóԵģ
š
ӳȳȵģҶûסǹЦ
תžɴӡ͸оǰĹⱻסˡһ̧ͷһӰվű߶ӲΪ˸Сݡſôһվűһ롣
ĿԣҶξͿһ˫۾
˾شƳ۶˸СԱŵިƺ˵ġĿڲɨһ飬òſ˿ǣҶɿĸˣ
ǲϰ߻ŮӹһſڻЩŤ
Ҷ£ϲڼ𣿸ղŻڰ룬ͷСѿˡ
ިСüĿİͰ˵ңĸȥˡ
Ҷ̧ͷվű˵ͷ
תͷҪȥȣߵѾǾһ߻ȥеѡۣһŵ亹Ҷλߦ棬һŤͷȥϴ֣߹ȥֱס첲ܵϡ
ǾþӸλ˸Ū³קһ䣬Ƭָֻƽ
ҶûʲôŲ̄վšԼȥ̨ͷϳתͷǿƵذ˸ȥţŪٸͻȥ
ŪҲϴּܲ
衱ֱڰϺð죬齥Ӳ˳۽ްĹͷΪһ͵ӫ߶ƳСϵֶŮֶŮ۰Ͱ͵ضǱæˣӶҪ
̧ͷֿæŮӡ̨ˮˮŮУۡܲ˿ŴнζʣŮӴר־¶Ѹ٣鰲һʱ侹¾õĴ
ȣһȥ̵һ졣Ʈ㣬ʳӵζֻһС衣ζҲЩ
ܲ˿кܶسܲԼϰߡҶҳıʳҪȽͣߦɳܲԲӰȥųѹɱе½ţúˢ;ܼ塣
Ƥ࣬ͷʡҧһ࣬óԵܽͷ
ҶһިסСβһҶδתغšҶһŵ̣ٳԡ
ިɵֱͷվС߶Ӵ
˵ӳǳ˵㣬ԵýۡҶ˵ʲôҲһԿţŨīƵɫζҶת߲Ȼϣ˺ܻ䡣ǡһЦıϢˣһ
ҶĿһ˶٣װһǰˣҲһ
衣
صһл̧֣׼ȥӡҶְջŻ̨У㻹ڳҩˣ㻹Ǻɡ
ܲҩԣҩڼܲƻƳ̡ץҩһأɲܰ׳ԡ
衣
ԭҶƢ̫Զǲˡ
Ҷû˼ʲôһʮܲⶫθСĳһܳһ硣ʮһڳԼ졣
С¯ϵҩҲˡϻûøʲôȥˡҶÿʪӰСްҩ˳ò˵ҩζ湻ġҶֻζܿ³֭źںһҩ֭űֱӶ˵衸ǰȰɣռãȺȡ
ĬĬضһ̵Ҫҩɼضһ¡
ҶΰҩͶ˸ӹ衵ĶСѿһһܲĿеñ㡣һ߳һ߻ලȰ˾Ͳúˡ
衣
ҩҶνڶܲ㡣һһ滹ިóԲ
ިŵسԵͷ̧
ޱһڸȥһ¡
˲ǣҶûˮڡ
ʲôڣҩҶ޹գգ۾һûаĹ⡣˲ϵգվӹŻתͷΪµصˮͳҩ๫ҲСˣԸҩ¿𣿡
תͷȥһܲһڡ
衣
ҶκһֺؼĸܲװղŻھ̫̫˹ȥϻ˼ҽյӣüҶ˼ɽˣ󷽵ظһ롣ھӵģҺȻǵáˣҶξ͸͵ȥ
̫̫һڵĿ䣺ϵľĻóԡѾͷɣ
ŪҶζ͹ȥͻˡ
˵Ū棬̫̫ôһ˵Ҷĥ˵ϴȥתƣֳʳӺ٣һҡӪƵġĳʳ˳Ƶ˴ġҶĥȥܲж׬ͷ
ܲŴƣǮЩһʵĲ˶ۡһܲǮⶼ׬ˡҪúãָһͰ͹ˡ


7 
µͣˡ
Ҷιһ׸С̣ԺӺͷءܼûеصģǴϵ
ɬ⵰˺վͳ̲ˡҶʱ̲˹ӣζһͿҶζ޸ˡӲ˶ˮٳԵûôJַ̡ЩЩ´
æƼܼҺԺϴһء
ϣ˵ĵǿԷŵ͵ġ֮ǰСһЩ˰ѻݰεֲ˵ҶΣҲĥǲǿ԰ѺԺ緭ֵܳԵĲˡǰʱŻģҶŤͷԺͷ·һӦ¾ǰ̾
ԭͬ˻ϲϲȥϣ巿ƹĽǮ
巿ĥһգǮǽᵽˣѶҸˡȥ߻Ԫ巿ﲻҪôˡȥһ˿һӣѻˡ
ӿôǿ޶ûᣬҲǲҴϢĻᡣʵǼûӲУû˺ڵӪһĿҪˣ
Ҷ侲Уû⡣
֮أʵǰûڣ֪վͲһˡµû˼ٻȥҰѻ˵ˣһתضûС
߶߶ؿޣҶҲ֪ôȰȥ˼ܲ˿ϳԵ㡣
ҡҡͷͷĨֱ˵Բ¡
Ҷ̾˿תݡ
һҹܼҾûСҲû˼ިިС֪¶ĸ˵ҶתҶ˼ިԸһ¡תͷ͸һȥ衿ڴϣӦͷϵĻˣʮء
һȻţͷûáһľʱá̧Ҷʱһ˫۾ĳķŹ⡣
Ŀһ£Ҷδֻ˵һ䣺ڼҿЩިҪȥһˡ
˵գת˶ݡ
ĿһֱţҶεûҹϷȥҶҲûܡӲ˯컹ûͱ˸¨ץ˰ɡš
ʱϻûѣҹ컹û˯˯šҶβߵԺӣֶݵĴվһˡ衲֪ڿʲôĿԣҶһ¡ýǵøļιʳͽި
ʡġ֪ڴվ˶ãɤʯǳ
Ҷοĳ嶯ľԺˡ
꣬ϵ̿ŵĶ˺ܶࡣҶξϲط֣СطȻСʱ磬δЩ֪Ķ̷Ŷоۼ
һյأŪһ¹εš׳ſڣԱ߹һͭࡣ
ҶվͷһЩ˶е¹κͷš
Щ̷ЩģЩġʳġԼֲ˵ģĶСҶγüë̷С컹磬ӷڽűߣֱҲûʳġ˸ģڵϿиɱӣûģű˳Եֱ̿ˮ
Ҷһ߶ȥʳһûСɣһʵ̵ľëӲŲ̫صĴٻԱһϺӳԡ
ϺԼӵģƲųһɽζʮǮһʮġ
һҪۣҶζ䶼۾סǿƳձԼĪܲ˿һ롣ҪʮġԱǾëӹˣһҧʮģ
ҶһĶʱˡһȦʱĲ١ʮĵģ͵ǽһˬ졣
һ紵ãҶμ˸˴֣ſڵ׳ͭһã¹ξˡС̷ǵ롣ǸͷҶƳһͷĸ׹Ź͵顣ȥſǸϺ
ͷѰͨ˼ǲ̡ţ̵ġܺϼأҲζȡĻͷһϲֻҪ̵ġ
ϺԼĪе˵ѪͳںҪ٣
СͰҡҶ֪кֳܶԷרҵʦҪ̫ҲˡԲ⣬ȵ̲
ʮǮϺụ̂һ غҸһͰ
òáһͰҲȲ갡ҶֻҪСͰ
ҪһͰǲϺƳҶҪʮߣеˡ
ҶεǼƽʮĵġͷǿǿ̬ȷʵաͷ˰죬ֱ˵ǳϰˣͷźɵظӦˡŪ˸ľȥĸ棬ûһͼС衣Ҷζһ߿ţ˳̯ҪǮ
ͷһæһߴӦ䡣Ҷθ˰ŪףֻҪʮľ̯ܽλúûĶĶһһ
Ǯ˴̣Ҷȥ˸СͰ

ҶСͰȺܣ˵ء˸첲ۡ룬ȥһ⡣ǰͷͷȷʵֹһʳҲһҵӡǼר⣬±⣬±ţ⡣Ҷ֪ʱ׼ţģû뵽һСţ
ȥһ죬һţҪʮģһҲʮġ󣬽ţһǮһôĻҶʵʱ˵ûˣһջġջʳΨһһʳģκ档һǮʮһ롣
Ҷ˸γͨΡž͵ʳζ
תһȦҶ˵סһ㲻ŤͷȥֵƽģˮִûǺ¯ӣȥһ
һͨ߬ŵֻʣͭ塣ҶҲǹĺݣµȥ֡ʣôͭ壬˸ţ¯Ӻһϻȥ
ţϻλƵص˼ſڣھϴˮ
ǸûãϻųݡŤͷҶһ󳵵ϻưС鲽ܹһģͰûղõҶεޡܼû·ܼңȥǸˣǴĶ
ҶԼ̣˸ϳϺæ¯Ӹж£תͷټظ˵ԼĴ㡣
ǾûףҪ˿զ죿
ʱ͢ụ̃ʿụ̃ǵλ±Ʋġǹٻ֮ҳȻ꣬е뷨ûôױ䡣ʱԥԥһ˵һȽ黳ʫ̾ĳ죬б硣˵Ļûġûס
ҶζѾ¯ˣڴպȡǮҲˣҲ˵ԵĻֹҶϳסǹ֣Ҷһ¯Ӹ̧ݡ
ҶûݣԼȱʳĵֱ˵ˡ
ղŽһֱˣ᲻áިŵŵشӺܹһһ溰̣ιˡϳԱѽ
ĺóԣСճԹϻűء
ҶҲûǿãԭǰ̫ˡδҪǮתͷҡҶĥҪȥʳ͵óԿࡣи磬ܴ˸߷ڡأҪõֳЩȥҪҴӲԶѵ̧ȥҲԡ
ȻԵ࣬˼ӵıҲ̫ࡣ
ĵ϶ûôӦҶȥ˺
ȻҪɻ͵óԵúáȻûҶ˵ǣһ̡ӻͳһСʣͷЩȥתͷ˼ӡ
һ̺¶ǣҶθоԼ˵ֽŶůˡСʢһ롣ЩȲߣҶȣعԹԵĺȡ˼ڹ󣬸ҶС˵úȡȻСӾϲζҶθСԱϲԺ
Ҷַغʢһȥݡ
һӣڶݡ˵ͬҶεҪ󣬰Ӹ
ֹģû˵ҶǮҵ¡ӾͲϲҶϣ˵ⱲӶӱ
Ҷü̷ŵУȵ飬Ҹɻÿ㡣
衣


8 
պҶҪȥü
ŽͣˡšھϽϴڣϾԱûסʣôһӣȫ˼ȥҿô죿ңȥ᣿ôܣȥ黹Ǽϵĳ϶
ģֲſ˵
Ҷοֹһˮתͷû£һȥϰɡ⿿һǲеģøҹȥ֡
ϽŲһ٣ԥԥġҽĹŮСŮӲͷ¶档Щ޾ȥ巿廨һȥͷʳеܲסתһ룬һ˶ҪˣһﻹõںЩ
һҧȥͷˡѣҶγ˵ܲ˿
ިҲԣϳܴһС˶ڼ͵׻С꣬һǾܺߡûˣСܿġִͨѶôӶ˻һʮꡣ˭ƧĻ᲻йӽ壿
ҶǣСС֣һӡҲû˾͸С˵ިĸﶼҪԹԵڼҿ塣óԵġ
衣
ިСԴصص£رԣգ
˵գҶŤͷſϵˡ
Ŀԣ΢΢̧ʵصڡ
衵Ȼûкãϻ˵˽һ졣˽ǣ廹յرǱ߷ʱıŵķ֮󣬳Եĳʳǵ۵ĻձͻǱǴ˻ֲʬ˼ѹǿ
ڼҵÿտһС̣ҶγƬ̣ظ´񣬡ۼҳʳ⣬ʲһҪιá
衺»ɵصͷá
⼸գƲɫʵ򽫼е龰ĸ겻ֻﻹüٳ֡ҲδʱЩ¶ι
͸һιס
ˣ
ҶεͷѾͷˡϱʹҴȥϡ
˶ࡣ꣬Ȼֵġũ򴺸ũߣҲ˵ŵִ߽ؽ
ҶθдĿⲻסƳӿŵĸ࣬Ҷη֣ȻеӡеԵʣ̿ţֻǵĿͷϾĶй󡣳ûУǲ̿
ЩˣηηľߵúҶ߼Ҫͣ½Ųһ
ǵ̵ʱѾˡϻҶһԸĹǮˬĿҲҶδղһӣûǮ
ȻҶε⣬͵Ĳӱȼù㡣
һԿţӵʵǹ֡òͱĵ̨ϵҲϹָǰѹϡҶһ̧һ̧һȱǣҸű𡣡
ʲôʱ⣿ϳԵܲ˿˵ȷʵóԡҲһ·û˵ԭ򡣶ȻóȥۼҪǮһ
ȻأȴҲǱ̧ŻߣҶ׼ԼǰѾתˣ۵ıǮ
ģһൽԲִͽӵľˣĺܣضİ᣿
᲻͡
ˡҶýͣȥ
ϻȥУȥ̫磬ҶûиסʵϣضСȸСȫҶη֣ﾹȻˡͷߣüԴϲݹڵϵСö͸ި
ŮҲݽкһˣڵϲҿˡб壬ë۾ҲСӲط˵ū
ҶνӲذ۾Ųֱ̯ܲ
ʵϣܲˮ㣬ƣ˼Լһ֣һ־һƬԼԼҳԣԲҪôڵҪôȥιˡҲûص˼ҲŻ򡣵Ҳ࣬һĿѵúܡҶθϹȥʱ̷ܲšǸմӵڳãܲմ̷ڵڽ
ҶһܲȫҪˡ
̷һΪٲСٽȫҪ
šҶûϳԾŴ죬ȫܱܲЩ
ЩܲԼֵģԲܲϡǮôˣС̷ܲ˳ƣһٰʮĨͷһٰʮҶΡ˶ٶģС̷춼Ҫֻˡ
ͳһӣһȥôࡣõκ͵ϣľôȥ۵۾ˣۿҶλԤţѶϻȥʲôӡϽס
ʡʡʡʡһҲɾ׬ӡ
ҶֻǾôܲее¡иӣʡ¶˵ߺܶЧʡһǮҲȷʵЩ̫
ϱһ絽ңȻæ
վ͵øȥУܲ˿гáȻһ϶ϲôܲŪˢϴˮݶһæިСߣСץܲڲҶϲ˲ˮŤͷȥݰѴϵ˻ӲܵԺ
ϻԺˢܲһ衱ҶθܳŴ춼֪˵ʲôá
ҪɻҲЪš
衣Դδ֪һʼקӦ̹Ȼֻա
Ҳðڵʲô
ܲ˿𣿡ϵУֻˢˢܲҶܲеûۣתͷеֳܲ˿ֱ׳׳г֡
յ׳ļͷ뵵ü۹⻪תɡ
ǾУҶ˰Ѵ˵ݸתͷȥ̨ˮܲóˮšɣŵϲŻζһ ҶҲ̫ࡣ˰˵ɹõԴĻɵĶ࣬ܲ˿еñ졣
ȻԵܲ˿ճıȺȵҪó̫ࡣصǵԥڳһڵܲ˿˵סһһһܲ˿Ȼ衼ࡣ
衣ӦҲܺȵİɣ
ܰҶķֵظʢһ̣ɡ
衣
컹ûҶθϾ𴲶ˡи磬ȥ˿ûλáҶ˽һƳƳһܣڵϡ
ãص˱ϻػࡣһȺ˼¹ǰſŵ׳ࡣ
еɪ뵽һ˵Ӷ˲ְͦҶΰѶͷһʱ¹ȵøλá˭֪ŤͷҶΰѶֳƵϣ·߾ж¯˻𣬼˹
Ҫʲôû뵽ҶôļϽ
ⰡҶ¯ˣСҨһһһζƮ˱¨ͷҹõܲ˿̯һͱ۵ζƮɢ۰Ͱ¹ε̷۾ȫƹ
㣬ҶιǣװǮС𶼰ںãҪʼˡ


9 
µ
ͷû¹ǰС̷ǱϵưӰסձñԴҶơǷҲ֪ǹ⻹ôأͱζĹꡣڳûԵģζӾ͹СӴԼӱģģ۾ҲסǱƮ
Ҷվǰͷϣ
ͷһسִ̯ٵͨ죺ʲô
ҶΣϻĨӡһŲһſӡһͺܲ˿ãһֻ־ͼгӾضôһãſھˬʵغճܲ˿ŶǮһֺãֻҪģ
һɤӺȥúܣͷûƼ̵˶ƹճı˿ˮ˰죬ҶҲſھͲͣغ
Ϊûô׵¶˭֪ź䣬ӵ̷ʡ
Ҷξһ䣺һģʮġ
ӵ̷ûţģֶġôһ˵ҲſھҪĸܲ˿ԼĪô󣬴ڴѰθڲĹҳһͱˣ׳ҲһġһҪĸһʮġ¾͹˲߳ˣֽװͭСһøֽϵݹȥ
ʮͭ嵽֣תͷһ׳Ҫʮġ
ʵû뵽ⶫ羹Ȼô˿˿ڡʵ˾ͶˡЩֻĶ׳ٽ߼ʮزԵȻǶࡣҪҲһҪ¹οһҶζȥʮ
ԹԣǺϵû뵽ʱСͷһٶġ
Ҷû˵ĺôһԼöͬʱÿ졣ߵĶܲ¹ԱŵˡҶΰĸϸ͹ȥ˵·̯߰ûУ˭·ǲҲ˹ܡҲ磬ǲù
ҲĶȰáҲˣڵıȥˡ
Ǳ˹Ȼڿţû˵ͷһ·̯߰ĻûӦȷӦ϶ҪϵġϾ˶ͷ̯ǻôհ̯ѣпΪ˸ģصġ
ĸܲ˿ùɫʱͺÿˡ
˹ȥⲻҪڰ˵Щûǲװģˡĩ˻˵˾䣺Ȼͷλӡ
ν˵˵ֶ̡˱ȥȻҪġ
ϲ̵ĻôһҶʮЩС̷ҲģЩĳԼӻǺܴ󷽵ġ˵ҶȷʵúãƤִ࣬ͷڶ㡣ԼĳʳóԲ֪١ϲζģñ⻹Щ
һ˵ãһȺ˿ɲˡԱ˸־볢ʡ˵û뵽ҶҲû뵽Լİûȵоһ롣
Ƭ̣ͷһ졣¹ȺͷҶʰϰ̨̨϶ֳŵģвܼ꣬·šϱƵúСġϸղ͵ļںͷߵͷǿŵŲ˸λø
ҶƼзĴ۾Ƴϵָ
һղųߡ˼ҶʮǮ̷̯ĶˡȺıҲֽ̣һλá
ҶεЦˣظллչˡ
˳˴õģҶһ˵Ĺά̹úܣű߸˵ˡ
ҶҲǵһ Ȼ󣬵Ҳʯͷӡ˰ˮŶЩ˭֪̯ӣʱ̯ˡˣʣĶûšæôһǰ󱳡ǶҲǿġ
ϱһͭ壬˵һǾûٶģ׬ȥǼܰѱ̻Щڣ֪ôվ͸öЩ
ոˣҲóԵõءѵû˵ϱǮǴִЩܸɰô֡ҶûֹϽǮáְˡԼ˶ʮȥԱߵ̯ϸһ⡣
ųҶ̯ϼζҶθҶЦеȻ˵ŤͷǮʱƼ̯һͰˮ
ͷ˳ԷʵĶ࣬ӹÿ࣬˹ӾͶȱˮõȻǷͶģһðܽ˽ġˮԵĲࡣһѴϴɾĲҪҲʮǮҶһͰߡ
ʱĶӡҲС
һСʮģͦҶܼҺԺһƬĿյأһСݿӣһϴݵӡټһܲѡ˺ð죬Ҷβ֪ϴݾǺľ²ˡضֽв顢ݣܶ࣬ûϳ
²˵ζ㣬о²ˣ²˼˵ܲ˿
ĥţϿҶôһͰˮЦⶼˡأû˵ҶΡҶҲýͣ룬ȥϺСͰ̡
ϱ˻صʱչͷӭųϼ˻صҶϲġ
Ҷθ˺¯ӹ̧ȥިСȴӶݳðζҶתͷֽϰˮൽ߶Լȥ̡
ӪҪһڵḶ́ûкһؾͺõġζһ˶üֺȡ
Ǳϣֽһõ˳
һ˺һ룬ȵӡһ͸緹ʱһٺõĳԽ£˲ԾͻиƺԷɺܶࡣǰӲ뵽ܵҶζŸܵԺȥһߺһ߶ĥһҴĺæء
ĿŸһһߺȣ˹ĵĶľֹʮΥ͡üͷšһ˼ӡûס˳ǣס
Դй֣ҶιҲˣܷҳȥô
Ҷֺһ࣬Ƭ̡Ȼһ꣬ӽȥץ˸첲ԼϼܣިŰʸҶΰ뱧ǽ̫ǿضվסģŰʸڹȥ
һȥ̧ͷںԺʲô
ҶǸֲⷽΨһйľơˡ˷أЩָô֣ǲѣ룬ʵʵ
㡭Ҷüͷ´ֶ𣿡
׹ҶںԺֶϱŪݵģ˶Įɱ̫ءҲй˷󾭳´ʦŪһʱյĵϾʱŪԵģǽ˵ȤζҲٹƷ
ǵͷԶһ
Ҷ۾һסϥϵ֡
Ҷζֺˣ˵ԶһǷǳ˼ȻͼֽԼĿ֮´ӻͳСģ̫ˣЩֻȫˣ
ֻ˼ҹĵ衣
ҶϣǲǸе㲻һ


10 
Ͽ۽硣һСˡ
һٶģһʮӡ۳ɱӰ˵Ļʳʣʮӡɱûûҹ廨ǿö࣡
Ҷδߴ٣԰շ㽫ǿܲϳ߸˵ض׾ˢϴŽ綼ͷЩʶû˼ңٸΪ⡣һˢϴһͺСǵ衶ƵƵĿ
ĸׯŵģʻĺ١аο
ҶγͽͰˮϴˡ
һζѬˡǽǵƳ
ͷǼǽҲ˭ⶫԡһʺζôϴȥϵɫЩÿһϱĺܣҲ˵ިСҶεضš
е̱Ҷ˼ط׹ȴѱϼķĥһިҶʲôóԣ۰Ͱ͵óգ
СӵĽѸٵģǰ˵İ͵ĺӣΪ˳ԣ˵˳ˡ
ԣóգҶͰﵹЩˮȥץһѵһСʳԳǰ׻һĨ۵۾ֵˡ
ڸʲôϿɲۣͳʮۣԼҳԼͲġѾͷôộö۵Ŀֱ飬϶ˢվôõۣô
۲򣬡Ҷοʲô졣ֹطĥźóԵģǸ˶Ųȥˣζúãָܴű
⻰˵棬ⶫ
ҵ糢ĻҶ˵Ҳã˵
ɡһĥ׬Ǯ⣬ʱ˵ˡһεģҲˡϱ˵¹Źֵģÿغ·˷ֲǺֻ档Ƴһ۲żվ͸þСŮְǵɰȥ
СŮøèƵĲԼûңָֻŵĺá
Դ㲻ԸУܵóšʱĿ䵽󳦵Ҷϡͷ޷磬ů͵ŮϡŮ겻ԼĪʮ߰˵ӡһ˫ں鶯۾ֲʻӡͦɫ졭
ĸ˵ǣȷʵòףֲҲزסޡ
Ҷβע̧ͷûƼɻƳϡ뵽ʲôһ̧ͷǽߡһֲڲȥĹ⻪أֵĮѻƵ۽޵ʹɫ۽޷϶©£·ڵӰӡ
ղŸòڿɣû۸ϡ
զզΡ
ҶΰһֹˮٿͰװ׾ĴŻͦϲˡʵ±ζóԣҲȥζܼû±ϣҲֻġҪôǼ忾ˢ;ܼʳմպϣҲĺܡ
ţҶνгɺüΣһȥɧȥȡҲˣҶθԼСʢһ롣ͷꡣϸҲȥʢźȡ
ܼ˶̽ܵûͦ죬˼춼ϰζ˵ˡ
˵Сԣ϶оԼֽůࡣǰЩʱݵֻʣͷӵĶӣҲЩ⡣˶ãͿΪݣԳ
磬Ҷֻһδ󳦱
ûõǵǣŪ㡣ԭϻɻⶫӣ²ȥӡۿϸĶһӼҲͲˡһǵζζڸˡԽԽ㡣
ⶫϲϲҪϲһڶʲȥܽܣǾͲһͷ¶۾
һ٣ϳŵĶ߲衹ƺȵﵭһ̱һ㲻ʣز˵ǻʣ׶ިˡϰȥϴҶ޵۾ȥƳǶӣ̧ϡ
ҶĿԣ۾һͨЦꡣ
ҶΣǲƤˣ
ûĿˡ
ǷֹЭҶȰãǱˢϴܲ͸һС˵ãеҲһЩġҶǱţǾһһܲ˿˹ˮɴˮֺҶμӵϵڶ
ʳû֣¶ѣСվһ̣˶ʲôҶһܸҲôࡣǶȵһԿһѧˡ
Ҷο棬Χߴת
ôˣ
Ҷһֱ׳ѹեһٶʮʮ
衣
ٸ꣬ڶһûͳš
ϱſڣƻ磬ĻࡣԼĪһ㣬߾˾ۼյľʱҲ¾ˣҶһ·߰ѹ֧áֽһ԰æճʵĶıζãߺȾ;۹
ͷԣģĸҪͷԣģһҲһ¶ӡȸ¹Ǳŵ׳ͼϻЦеǮ
һϣĻЩ
Ҷһһ˴ｲһЦӭˡעĿԱŵӵľ߶ͷƣһЦƵҶŪġŻֵͦġҶκغŪӵĺûʵʲôԴֻȥˡ
¹Ǳ߿ˣ½½ȥ͵ĺãϱЩҲλá
ۿͭһﶪҲɤӡٸһʱˡɢһһǧһٶġϼƾһһǮӡ
ôǮѼҽȥӶ̻롣һϣͻˡ
ϼöЩֲҶС߶ʳôôһԲĳ뻹ͳʳ׬
ɲҶ¯ӣͷ̿ͳʳΪ죬һæͷΪ˺һ졣
⻰˵ûڣ˻ţɲΪһ죿
ãԼûһʮ˻סССزػҶŶֳͷߡ
ҶƳõѣͷԼװѵͷ
治ˡʮԼҳܳ£ɳŲˡԽ࣬ͺķѵԽ졣Ҷֱ̣һһٽ档
ͷûôˣܲҲν׶١һ࣬⿿ƶֳƲȻҪҳϵġ
Ҷ·ߵȵȣԼȥһţյţǱߣײ˸ˡҶͻҵŴҡͷ֪ڵ˭
Ƭ̺һߴĿ걧ŸҴܹ˲֪˵ʲôӶŴҾˡŴҧ´ıӰԶȥ޺޵ǰϴ¡Ҷϡ棬ŴұŰתˡ
Ҷգգ۾뺷Ҳûôˡ͸Ͻϻȥ
ҴӲԶһӡ͸ǮЩʮ˼Ҳ͡ϱǴСػһնͬȻ֪ˡ
ⲻսӾ˽šôһʡ
˵Ҳɣ֮оиһ巿
һֵöˡ˽ѹšոЩģϾÿսϹ¹Ͼ˵ˣϱܸɣ֧˸С̯ʳ׬һĿڵĺǮ
ﵹûʲôʳ⣬һԺӵ֪ܲܲ룬ܲʲôóԵġⶫڵԣ˭Ǯ򲻳ɣϵ˵ҲǺõġ
ܼ˰ûߣϿظ³˶ٷ
Եö᲻÷ſӣ롣ԼҶûôƤԵġԼûţ˵ĩһĨ죬ҲҶû뵽ܼҶϱãһֺ÷ȥָ֧̯׬
Թԣٷûͷˡ


11 
һٱܼĥ˰ߡ
ѿĳϹҲס֪࣬Ҳû˵ʲôҶζǸյԶŤͷݣѾȥϴæһ磬ٶ̧ͷ춼ˡ
Ҷλְǰķʳ˳Ԥеùųԡһ廨⣬еҶξ񫡣
ݳһ㣬⣡
˵ҶСʱⲻóеǲƲ¶ףܼҴǳ¶ĸҲûģܵòҴŵӲŹİȡ
ҶһȥۼިСȵŵŵɵظ
˵˳һ仰ǣóգ
ԡ˵˵ĸ鶼ǴġǰҶλިе⺢ԽԽÿ𵱵Ҷΰϴһڹëˮ̣ţһԿģ
С۾ģЦģ
Ҷæϲ衻ݡɻشϣĸ֮Щ֡ã̾˿̸Ļ˵ãӲһ仰Ȱö룬ȰȥݵĻʻȥ죬ֱ˵ȥҶջ
صҶѾˡľһŻáֻһûġϼҶνǿڴϡΧҪʲô̯
ܲ˿ҲͦóԵģҲԼҳԡҲˣûɣ弸ʳҲǿԵġǿԣŵǸȴԡҩأûҩ֮ǰܲǱˡһʮ׳Ҳܶٶٳ࣬ǵ
ҶЦˣûǽԸʵġ
ҶϱȥԹһֵصũʳñǹŲˣ߶һʱҲ͸֭Ĳˡýñһĸ˳ǲģҶοĲãһӲȥܰεóͽݿõĵȥ
һһҿϵ۾ֱˡ
˵ʵԴŵضΨһǶܴųӹһ㣬ûͷҶϱƢǹ˵㣬б㶸γͷҲިһÿն̨ܶ˵ʲôö
ȥݿܲܰ๫Ҷ治Ǹչ˲ϣڰһһ磬ʶ˼ȶˣñҪȺģճġʢȥͲóˡ
˼ȥģҲûܣȥݷˡ
衱´̲סҲ˵˺ö࣬һҲ̨˵ΡһڱƵСΧżһȦðĴѮҹ䡣Ƶģмܰζ
Ҷθһ˷һ룬ȻôÿˣȻһӸϡ¾Ϳԣ԰˾Ӳˡ
һ濪һ滹ŷʳһðζƮˡ
衿Цõ롣ǿڹ÷һ 
ިСӣץűϳһ⣬۾Բˣôģⶼóԣ
ҶЦһ˫Ӹķʳ档
ʳ̣ҶŪ˸Ӽ̡һһôнĩ֥Ū˸װĸϡһ̣һպһͳԡѧ波һڣ㽹ģȱĻóԡ
Щϰߣǽˣѧųһڡ
ͷû˵ˣ۾ŹأһԵͷ̧ިСԵĲ˳һСܽþã̵ġ
һͷ˯ܶࡣҲ˯ţΪջȥ֧̯
ûбҳʳ̯һҶԵʡϱպСʮ׬߰⻹ǿ˳ɱͼʳľ롣ڴӣϵĳ඼ɢࡣųԵú˯úãһշһգǰĺݸԳ
ʵϣÿһòϱ⣬ҲǴĸ˵̯ȡ˸źţʩ̯˵ƺ˵ҶҲϱܲ˿̯ӴеԣϵסҲʡ
һպùһգͷЩǮҶξ͵ݶ¶
˵˵ˮ࣬ǳꡣҲ˵ûꡣݶ©Ҳ¶Ҷθ̯ӾȥשҤ
ֻһשҤשҲߡҲשߡ
ȥʱשҤĹ²ڡͼСſڿšҶ˵⣬ãŴһ޶˴׳꺺ӡһɽۣͷձñʮ档Ƽõĸˣ˫۰̧̧ġ
һ˵ֻҪһǧСߣߣ˵¶ȱȱˡСҲ⣬һҲǮſ˵ҪģҲ۵ĻᣬתҪߡ
Ҷα˴ȥµ̬ȾͲסüתһطһשҤûУ˵ʲôҲˡҶǹƳԺ꣬Щ졣Ҫ˵שȶʵѣգŪשҤе鷳ҲͷĲ࣬שҤ³һҶθѧͽȥͷߡ
Ĵæ̯ƣͷʵû׼Ҷθѧͽߣһ£ǿáֻ˵ٴ˹ʱٽǮ
ѧͽҲû˵ʲôһ˫۾סҶε顣
Ҷγúʮ繫ϵģһԾͰҶҶҲ˶٣ҲסǼѧͽ۾ƳҶûʲôоǿⶼһˣϰˡ
ȻȥɡݶҪڱУ̯ӵĶͻȥ
ǲ߳שҤԺӣӿڸһ⳵ײˡխĺܣֱֻһġ˵ϱ߶ֳռضǲ߱Ȼβ˸ɴѳ˻ש߷ԺӡԺѧͽû˵أ⳵Ҳˡһ󸹱ˡ
һĶ﷽öĹСųƼҹ˸˵ˡһһϹеЦַүعˣ
Ǳƺүһ˫зۣ۾ҶκһƳµת̬ȣЦ棺λ߿ɿˣͽȥơ
˵СѧͽûʲôͷͽΪϲˡϵǰͷֱ˵ƹˣ˵꣬͸ҶŶֳ뿪ӡ
ϱ˳ɫе߲ʧҶͷϻ˵ﵹҡ򲢲̫ƽŮӳúòǼ¡ҶθصƳصң¶һġҶѵó극ȥ˶ݡ
ƳһۣĬĬȥިߡ
๫Σö
ȻΣҶκ๫衻Ǿù졣
Ҷûע⵽ɫֻüͷãȻһ˫־΢û㿪üĸˡĳסҶ죬ϻǲɽһ˫۾ЩҶΡ
ãҶʲôû㬵֣๫˸գһʳɡ
û˺ۣҶҲơԭ;ĩ·˲Ź˲Լл˴Ϳճ˼Ǳ¡
ո˸Ѷڽͷ⵽ǲյġ̫ƽڽͷôû˵á˲һӿ˵ʧֵʱ¯Ӷ̧ߣǵɫƦֻгƿķݶ
ʹˣϽЪЪ˵⻹๫ָá
һ˼Ҷε˼ǻɫֱˣͷá


12 
שҤȥƬȴǵݶ©Ҳ£ûôճˮҶνţ˶ʮĽͳǼϺȥһǧС߸ϻҶȥľ˴˸աľ衶ʱҶλ˰졣
Լվ衸ǰ°ͣģر˸߶ȡľ͸ֲڵô˸ա
ʮǮľͷһˣͦˡ
ҶϹţһ߻ȥ˵ϺҶҲϴ򽻵ġҶʱϴͷܣ඼ĳһҲʶˡ
ߵ·ϣҶα˳˵˾ݶ¶
Ϻţ˴֣˺ð˵ԼиܳԿࡣһŪᣬϵҲҶܸܲСɡ
ҶθϺҲˡϺ࣬Ϊ˻ͦʵϡ˺ݺݵģþǴе̭
˵פǱߵһ굽ͷҲءϱͲסˡӻڵϰֵ˲ץҩҪǮûʰһСӹļΪࡣҶԼҲûö٣ҲﲻæſڣҶγƬ̾Ӧˡ
һʮĹǮٰٷҶβض˹ѱ׼ǰϱӵĸϵصˮƽѹˮ׼ļ۸
˭֪һ˵Ϻ۾ﶼðỨͷ˹ֵǮ
ϸţ̰ڵҲôˡʱܵûûҹһ׬ʮġҶһſھʮģٷɲǴĵչˣϺʮֵĸмظ֤СӶúøɡ
ҶεͷƬԺǮʱ
ߣŹս˶ݡ
Ѿµˡڴ˿£ȹϵͦõġֻǲܸأ˲šҶΰѹùȥѾϰҶοʱȣòڡ
Ҷΰѹյݸùȥһ£ˡ
ҶΣߣ
˳ࡣ
طĶеս˳ǺһһӡҶκȻ߹ȥŹһ㶣ԡվԭһôͷĻСýˣţ·˸˻
ҶεûܣüͷֺҵرȻνҵıȻǴԼͷȥбϷߣȻֵ°ͣ¡
衵ĺģ̫ЩڡһƫͷҶ̧ͷȻסҶεִԼ°ŲԼĺᴦ⡣
Ҷһ𾪡
еܲʵҶΪԼǳֳŵˡڿһҲпһ弸ǰɡͦİ
ĬĬıҶľ㽫ðɡ
˵꣬Ӧʹȥˡ
衿ػζҶڲסȻıӰգգ۾֪ΪЩЦ
ݶ˿ţܶϡҶβϺĶӻ᲻ŪԻš
ʱƷλʰס˿͸ɰ
һƱµũõľǲܼ־ǡʱӦչ˺ƽֱҷϿÿ߲һש֮һ㣬ǿǽԡһǻҰ׻ݶĻҲ򵥣ãҲҪһʵġ
ֻнʵˣѩŲٸݶҵĴ©
ҹҶθ˵衸̯¶ЩԥҸȥɡʰȻûȥҲﲻæָýտⲻǵ¶ô
๫µ߶ˡҶüͷոգ߹С
ϻЩģȥʹҲȥĸףطҵġ涪ʧǳСǸ̯ûӣ𣿡
ﲻáȥשҤǸͷˣճڶϱа϶˸ˡ䵽˾أܼҵϱڱС˵ǡ
˼ȥԼȥȷʵȥûжϱ¶ҲֻжϱķݶϱҲȰˣֻģ˵Ǵ嵽ϲԶôǲߵġ˵һӾ͵㣬ܲϽмɣ
ĸ׷ģᰲš衵˵·һߵõġ
˵꣬ݵ¶ɻôˣ˵ƸŴɻǰ¡أȴҲýȢĻ¡һֱַ˯ġԥãˣʰ˵ʵǲġִ󷽣ȥˡ㿴
ԭΪλǻ⵽ܾû뵽˵꣬ԼҶӴ۲һȥӵ顣֪Īĸ֪ʵǼֵӲġ
֪Ƶ̫ãϷӣˣɡ
գҶδˡ
ϸ̯ϰˣһҲˡҶٵϴϾѾȥᶫȶѾݣҲѾʰ׵
ԺͷһϺţͷȡ
ҶԴ衸һȥ̯͸ɴϺţЩÿ糿ܼҽǳ̯̯һˡƽܼҪͶҲ͡Ҷθһһӵİ¹ǮĻҲˣһ¾רעܼҵ¶
ҪЩԵʵǶϺһܵ׶ܲһӣҶչȻǧлؽԺŰ¯ӹͱӡ
ʰãҶţԼԱ
ѮظգѾˡֻ峿ûͷĺܣҶβ֪ĶŪһӣܶһͷ
Ŀ⿴һ١ĬĬʣҲҪ
衣
ôõҩѲǵǸģˡƵһ£ɫѩסҪ˵ò˵һ䡮ˮΪΪǡΪųһμ˵Ϻûӵֹøһ
ʲô˲˵ģ˭˿Ҷ˾ںͷСֹ
һЦһҲûסͷԼϥǡϥȷʵѾ˲ȻЩϴøɾҲ㺮ס
һϣΧ˹
һ£ԱԽԽࡣҲͷûζÿվһڡⲻ̯ӻôںãһȺ˾šҶżҲе񵱳еʱʱѧУſھͼ̯ӣζõǼұ̯ÿһҲΧˡ˵Ĳһһġ
衵һ ž˼
ϣһ ŲΡһһӵķţǮۼֿıҶλҶαֻΪ˳Ÿӣ˭֪˸֮֡Ͷͼǣһ˾ͽЩãҶֻ˼͹ˡ
ҶȰΧŵһȺҪıˣתͷָָ¹ǰͷ׳
ҲʶλҶε̯չ˵úܡϱôû£λҲйϵ
衶Ҷ˵˼͸͹ȥ
Źգߵ͹ȥ׳˵ʩ̯ϰ๫˱һһظ᳤
衹ȥͱҶæˣһ̧ͷˡ
ʱҶڸ˼ߵĿյˡһڷĸ׳˼ٽܲ˵һͽ̯Ա߷żֵܡżֵܲϵҶΣԼĪٽĶ϶ӶˣʹŴҹӡ
żҽ˺ЩܲԲ꣬
֪Ŵô˵ֵܣϡʱһ£ϻĨ̫̣֬֬ۡȹӲҲмֽΡſҪҶæҲû̧ͷ͸ֽһݹȥ̧ͷŴҶ˸۶
ҶһòһÿӣĻ˵ľѣűǴڵϸᡣ
ŴϸôһɨҶξЦӴܼӹȥˣؾһˣ๫أŶҲԣ˵ǿ๫ɴϰ
Ҷôľһ䣺ʮǮ
ŴЦó죬ҪǮġһϰҶξͲˡЦҶεĶǮͭһűߡ
Ҷһקס첲ʮǮ
ߵĶˣ¹Ǳߵ˶衱ڸ׳˵һƲԾ͸ϽŴҰˣſھָҶСʲô֮仹Ǯ˵ĺҶҪǮ಻Ƶġ
ҶҪ죬һ嵭öӣôˣ
ſڣҶλûӦŴŤͷɵˡ


13 
Ŵζû뵽ҶǸ๫⸱ģǸ𣿹ӵļͷ·
衣Ǵ㶵ģõҹżֵƼ˸Ͻ
ôСͰʱȣñ˺ãҲ֪˭
ʮǮҶιô࣬˱͵øǮ
żֵ׳øȴЩľګһվ˵żӲͬҶæڴĿİͰ͵ʮǮݹֲڵĴָ׷ﶼ࣬ʵͽׯں
ŴһҾͳôˣҽɩӣҶӣһܳǵģ첲⾡գ
żֵ̧Ƶֱ˵»ز
ܲ˿ô˭أŴҺ޺޵ҧһڱٱǰźݻҲ֧̯ӣĶȻĺã
ˡżֵϴקذŴҸˡ

ˣΧŵҲɢˡҲʲô֣һӳԶǮ¶ټͷ˼Ҷò죬ﻹܣ
пˣ¹̷ҲˣŽȥռλ
պգÿտеָ˸űߵλáҶ̵ʰһ衷ڸſ˵ʲô
衱Ҳûţֱ˵ġҶ˵˼£󺺿ŴçʵפͷıŸӪһٻھմ˵ϵǰսŵ߿СյǮҪȥפصġ
Ҷεһͣ㲻ȥһ˱ô
ںѡ˲Ϊ⣬˼⣬ܵô¡
ҶΣ߸һµı֡
ƺ֪ҶʲôƳһۣ׾Ϳ˼ȻҶЩ棬ҪǿúܡһҲҪһȡЦЦת˹޳ſɵذ͹ļгװá
ҶأƬ̣óǸϡ
׼¯ֳ̧˰סֱۡ
ȥԱվţ
ҶƲƲ죬ӹĹգվվ
˹ˣӵġ衵˲ӰƽҶҪһ̧ܰö¯ɾ͸˵ֳȥ
˲תͷְһͰıϳҶε߰ɡ
Ȩͦ硣ҶγĬƬֵ̣ɡ
衽ĻǸҶεĸˡ
ʵϣǱפĵġ
˵عϡԭùܣְƶһҡټıͥڴ󶼻һСǸսȥĺšȴû٣ŲرЩرһ֮ѡ
ռֲµǵսҪ
ضһ˵λãδûйϵפǱȱȱʳȱ˶ҪֵģбȨҲҲ
Ҷĥ¶ŶֳһС
ղ֪ûôʮһĲࡣҲǳ棬ĺЩϵĸˣֻǽȥתһȦƹվڱ̯ǰĸ˵
˶һźЦ˵ϸɤһһܽ˰ӡڱ̯ǰߣһҪûһ˲ٳȥ
컹ǿİ
ҶηֺЩڣʼ˼ɫôõĻǲǸðԼͷժˡתһ룬ˣ˸Ů˲һǱһʱ֮ʲô϶ԳƼˣ׻ˡ
ҶһɨȥֲЦˡ
Ҷժף׼̯żܲûˣҶȥתת
һߣŴؾ͹ֵ̯Ӱм䣬е롣ܲʲôϡһûȥ١Ǳ߻ڿյȡ
ֻϸ۾޵衵ƣӵģһϾʹ˿ޡ۽ĵôֻ
ŴʲôǵҶε˽Թ
˵ԭＫܼңȴôһᡣ˶㣬޵ͷ޲ͷһôմϡҶξ͸ùֳֿۣһӱѹ̧ͷ˭봫б۵Ŀ۳ģ֪ܼҶӳŲҶεñˡ
ˣڿԺ־ҶռˡƵһ֣Ҷβżôεĺ˳Ҷƾʲôôã
Ŵ衴Ҳ˵ģҶô档
һ䣺ڣ
Ŵһе㷸Σſھ͵ϰ̯ˡ㲻ðɣɻӻˣǵϸͺöء
Ŷ
Ŵҵ¾ҶЩ¸ҪſڣŤͷҶ˻ˣҶλֵû˸ֹˡ
ĿԶĿ䵽̷ϡҶλĿеѲһ䣺ڿʲôأ
¡ҡҡͷǱϺţ͹ˡ
ҶζãûƳʲôûˡ
ϺҶιͳǸͷذҶΰѶţ߻Ÿˡݾݵģһãõһĳ࣬ҲϺæҶ˵СɽǽҪȥܼġ
ϰɽһЦŸˡ
Ҷ´£ӺƲߡʵ㹤Ҳûôིܰѻ׾СԿ͵ͷʾͬˣУһ͸һȥ
һƳɽã·źᣬ΢΢
Ҷûע⵽飬ָϺţϵȥԼȥĴСͰ̻һܲͳ
Сģһ˾Ȼܼҡ
ƬվҸж˹ܲ
һôණϽæس̯ڼž緹˵緹ʵࡣҲᡣŰѶŪݣŤͷϺװŸͷģɴнһԡ
ϺȻƴǡͶĲ͵ġ˼Ǯֳ˼ҷġƴһǼٿ͸ųࡣ
ܼ˺ȻǾġϺǰɽҪúøɻӵͷŸ߸˵ˡ
ɽȷʵϺ˵Ǹֽڿġݶȥ
ҶξվԺԶݶϿި棬ҲѧҶݶƳӵͣƲվһ϶Ц̲סƳһԵĶӡݶҪޣȻˡȻûվ˶õšʱİϡ
ոȥΣҶκúõģѵ˶ȻҪʵġ
ϲɫͦġ
ôβЩգ㣬ˡʰ񻹷ء˼ҵǸĪˣúõĹӡ
衳Ĭ
ã˾䣺ﾭȥϣ
һʣĿ͵һŤͷɫСҲ֪˭˼úܡϲ²͸㺬ϳģȻʱ߶
š
ĸĻΪֹ
ݶȷʵҶβ²Ĳ࣬ͷûýӹֻߡƬǵһҲˡֲͷһŵùζƾòݷġ
ɽҪ˰ɨ㣬ǵĲȫɨ
ǲһ䵽ϣһζӵĻҳûϸިǺȥϸϽסСŮıӣҶЩݻҪҪ
ҪˣóҪҶΰͷĲӶûժ֪ĶŪ˸ϸĲԼıӸЩջĻȰˡ
û뵽Ҷһۿ뷨ڨڨҲ˷ѣ˻ܶһ𡣡
ҶƳһϸ˵ŤͷԺӹսǱòһͷһѵµ衡ͷϼ϶òݣҳһòݻͷûʲô飬ǱģͷһأҶδֻЦ
Źվһߣͷġ
ĵò̲ġ֪ƲŻôΡһòֱֱزͷ϶ôĶĲ
Ҷαǿ֡ۿֻÿζ׼شǼݣеЦһεûĴλڡҶǿ֢ûסǰһץ˸ǿгԴժǸݡ
ק˲ݲŷԣĿԣһˡ
ĿؿšҶһŤͷæװæСŮߣﰡܲϴˣҶ˽ȥа
һҪǿҶΣ


14 
òŪͷҲҪŪ̵ġɽ߽Ǹѧͽɣŵ󶮡ͷòݺҪ߻ȹཬû³̡
վͷ˰ԴҶν
ҶȴʱũҽƺʵࡣǼܹ첻䣬ľе֧бᣬݺύ湹ȹ̵Ĺ塣Ĩ֮࣬ΪģһϲĨϸߡ
һָʯҺˮɵĻҽʯ߷ֵˮϡɽڣʯҲ֪С
ֹţɽˡ˵еʮǮһ
ǸáĨݶĻˡ
Ҷαһȥתһûų̿쵢¶ɴǮȥ
ɽų̿ÿ¿һҶζԱһѡԵʣʯûϸ壬Ҳáɽʯӵϣȥɽ
Сȷʵܸɻûһ͵
ҶʵԾ˿ݣôٲٽץһѷ룬ʮϸ塣Ҷ̧ͷգũ˵տꡣָɽཬޡͷ¶ȫɽȥɡ
ŪݶʳҲԺŪȻõǻҡ
ȥǿˢϴøɾܲϵԺĿյأһںԺ߲ϾͱҶθסǲЪһա
ܲ˿£۳һĿڵĿӰ˵ĻжʮǮӡЩͭ屾СϸݵĴ¡ǮҶηţϾ׬ġҶûҪϸպã̵
衾ؿҶָɽĿٴ䵽˵Ůϡ
Ů޻ѣλ壬һ˫۾ڹɫԡ̫ãģˡϱԹԳڷ߿ûҶϣŷҶƺǸˡд˽ȥԶ
ҶθоڿŤͷڰĿϡ
űòݸҵģѰʶ˵ǽߣǽĿʱ˳۽ǡҶĿͻͻһŤ°ཬͰŤͷֻ˺
ȻɻҶȻġ̯ʱҶ⣬һԡ
˵ضʵҲġҪҪ㡣Ұ١װ߹㡢ͷ㡢ش㡢ڡ㡢ԡкӵģҲḻѰ㡢㡢㡢㶼Сֻ˳Ĳ࣬Щʲźٱ档
ҶϷˣڵĽˮ糤󣬰Ҳ㡣ƽΪܼҵϲ鷳СдȻҪúһ㡣
յģʵĿζȻ˿ζأԲ㡣ǵǿܻȲաҶ㵽ߣŵüϱިҲһԲҷؿü
ãϺƷҶεĿգСһ䣺ǲɱ
Ҷεı齩Ӳˣ𣿡
ϵıҲӲˡ
ϱһǰʮָմˮ걻ĥƽǣ¶ѧһ㡣һǺʮĹƸ߲ɱľ˦βĴԣ˶һۣ֪֡
ҶüƬ̣Լ䵽˻ʲô׼ȥѰóң͸ˡ
һҧվ׼߾һȡ
Ҷη̧ͷϵѾվŹղ߹衵ɤô嵭ģҰɡ
˵꣬˾ôҶεĸǰ
ȻסҶò˵֣˹ĵ£̧־Ǿ׼һѪϻ赭Ц⡣ѻƵ۽·뵳ڵӰӡòǺĿɫ񣬷ӨӨİ׹⡣
ʲôЦ崺磿ǡȻûմѪ͸崺ˡҶˣͷ촦Ĵԡ˼ﻹһйϵļһ
ҪôŪ̧ͷ۾©⣬û۾
ҶΣȻ϶մȣɴŪ
ҶʵҲûô飬ɱѡϱڳһץңĳǽ컨嶼ѪĶĶ
һָȡƶǣ࣬˳㽫ڱڵĺɫĤⶫɾȻֿࡣ
衵ͷӿɽ̵Ūرɾ
ҶȫԱ߼ලصͷȻŤͷȥ˳žһŵߣȻˣɴȫˡ๫п顣
˵ֱ꣬һȣС
衣
Ҳܿ죬ǰҶξòôõĲ˵øָһ
Ҷʰˡިһ߱ứġһ汻һ滹ŲѣֻСȭס۾ʣóգ
ԣóԵġҶǿöЦվԶ㣬л۾
СŲŲŲߡ
¹ȥިѾԭȸƵСѾͷƬԲһȦɫҲˣݻƵͷûôãðװ׾ޡ
˵ףܼҾûгóġ˵ިĸĸòһһĺãֻʰĺܸިȡ˵꣬ϻ۽ǲסƳҶΣ˼ɵӶܿöҶװƵĵЦ衵ĺӸҶʲôϵ
ɽɻֺֿãһĹѾ˰ݶԼĪԶٷŪꡣ
Ҷһ㣬ֺ⡣ݿһ̣ܲӡϼˣŪһȻҶһɡѰ˼ǳԲٶٰɵģ۹˵Ҷεܲ˿úҲ۵Ĺ͡
ɽһʹݶҶθŪ˵ˮϴԺһ
ֻйϲżȣɽܼд⣬ҲǸм
ȳһ⣬۾̧˵ɽûԹôõķˣ衳ҲüҶĺõĽߵշϲŵʡ
ζԵިһҪ㡣ȵ˶˼ӡ
ɽɻˡҶο۵ֱæ˺ȵˮЪϡûһȥڣܼҵݶꡣ
Ҷ˺ԶĺܡȸӦþͲ©ˡ
ɽܼҳ˷Ҷν˹Ǯʵݶһ˷ҲʹõġȷʵʵϣӲһꡣҶ绹ʢһ⣬ɽ˻ȥ
ʹãɽʮĵĹǮٺõģ;õöࡣİֲҪϰҲԴá
ҶαͲǸ⻹ǸϺġ˵úҲãҶξǾͷݰͰͦʵϣ˵Եģûȥûȥˡû첻̯ٿ꣬ͽڼЪһաͣ
ɽǸмߵģлҶβߡ
ԱţãȻڣǸҿǿǬصǸؼŵң
ҶĶǬغؼĶ£ǺȷӦǰɡ
Ƭ̣ҶĿغͷЦ
Ҷ쵹Ǳģ߳ܵġ֪ΪΣ˵һֱѹ̵ĸо˹뿪ıӰĸоּӸо͸ǿ
ˣϸ˭̸ߣйʲôá
һ룬ҶŤͷݡ
˵Ҷθ˵ˡ컹ãڶ컹ûꡣ
첻ġҶ˯ݶЩġݶཬҹ֪͸ûУ겻ްɣɡܡ²׷ƬߡܵġˮƬϣûմʪཬͻ
һ˿ŻüݵĻǮȻݶְˡ
˭֪ⳡ϶졣춼û⣬Ͽʼżˡ⼸ڼû¾ϴܲڶİٸƵ
ɣһӣеſڶұ̯ӡ
ˣܲġ


15 
ӽůͣ硣
һ磬иǰСұ̯ӱҶε磬ҶεʱѾˡ衶һۣɵذ̯Ӱϡ
ұ̯һڿ¹εͷһԺ׳ޡһǸϺű߸ŸĺӡҵıҶĻǴͬġ򲻵Ҷƽ׵ļõǵȴҶεļȾȣıƤִ࣬ɿڡŪҲ͸ƵİǵܲڶƤڶ͹ը
ҶƳһۣϺǸеľ²˺ӡԶƲʲô
˵ʵڵģ̯ץľһʱ϶ʱ˾Ͳôࡣˣ̯ӻûԳζû϶üģըڱ̯ϳԹˡ
յûǰ𡣳СֳԹʩ̯ζҶΣ󲿷˶˾˵ӡ¹һʮ
ҶüͷţȽȥɡ
еΪ˾ǱȲġʩ̯ҶθŵĹϵúãպȻǰõλܼҡ
ǰ꣬ٶѰһʱ̯ģյһ롣ʣһ룬ȻûȥⶫԺͲܷšڼգٷһվҪȡҲһźϵĸ˻ϲʩ̯
ڵʱʮܲˡ
²˺ӵϺ̯ͷһĲࡣһϾߡǶ򸾸ҶӲģǵ˶ٱʩ̯̯ǻ
Ҷγ̵Ĺ˳ȥƳһۡ
Ūıǵܲ˿۽ļҳŹãۣɫ󲻺ÿıˣһǮŴСҶεļ󣬾ûĺʵǳԲģ̯
ԼĪ˵ףҶ̸׼ԶƼһ˹
ˣˡŴұŸͷġҶŤͷ̯ӣĺӲܲżֵ᣿һˡ
ŴȻûҶΣѷ͵ŤܡǸ׳ĸ˸һקס
Ǹ˴ɤţ˵ĺܡŴͷŴҼƤӣֲѾͷɵ¾֪ܣ͸͵ڣûҸֵæһϵڶûԣ㲻ô֣Ҫﹴģ
ҹ˭Ϲ˵޲ȥǹ㣡
ǸһſھǻŴˡ
κǸ˲ף˵ĸѣû˸Ǯ촩û֦չɵֵǮ֬ۡﲻ㶼ĺãͿӣ֪֪Ǹң֪ĻΪĸҤļ
µģ˶Χָָ㣬ŴߵûţڵϾޡ
Ҷ˵ŴҸɩӲԸۿǵһ û뵽ŴҲпǣżɩһ仰һ׼ֲõҶϰŪҶȥŴɩֲáҶû˼Ҽ£̻Լ̯λ
ѾѶʰ׵Ϻվͷ
ԶԶؿҶι̡
¹ȥҲõĲࡣ·ҪգֻߵЩͺáһһͷҶε顣Ȱ˵һüĿʣµģͷġ
ô衸Ҷξһֽ
Ҷαĥ¶̧һֱֽ
֪ʲôʱȥģͻȻóǽҶξȡգգ۾΢΢۽ǡӵĲ϶סʣҶƽӣըζԣʡ
˵꣬˺һСʣµĵݸҶΡ
Ҷγ˳ըܲõۣͷܲǵܲζζãͷе̵֭ĳﻹͦһþͲˣȵʱ򳢾ɬ죬˸Ӳ
Ǯˡɤ嵭Ķ
Ҷ̧ͷĿԣҶƿߡ
ţ͵ܼſڶʱˡ
Ķ࣬׼û뵽ôިڼò˻ȥҲӰҪΪϳʲô¡ȥˡ˻ɫǺܺõӣſڱ
ҶҲûͽ϶ұ̯¶˵ˡ
ɫһ䣬ʱЩšҲϳסˡܼҺòһźڵ⣬ô׬µǮ꣬ѲǰĿ޳ľˡĵضš
ܶдôģԲö
ʱһⱻ˾ͼһͺǺãЩ˾ø磬˼Ҳû⾭ô
Īţⲻʲô¶
˵ʵڵģµĶʳȻϷ֣Ǹﶼƽ⡣¶ɣûǱ¸¢ϾͲ̫ԵԼҪԷ˼ҲֵȡطҼҶࡣ
˵û£û̯Ͳ׼˰ڡ
Ҷνұ̯ԺһľͶһıζ㣬ǰġܺûиڡһżõĶȻǺãĲرˣֶΣԼͻȥҪʱ䣬һյĸʲô
ǺǻԵҶΰۼҵıζȷʵá˵ܲҲһӡܲ꣬û
⵹ǡ϶ܲˡҪУ붬
ԭЩܲ˵ؽʣģһĶƷʱͲáѡܲڶͼܲˣܲУⲻͣҲͣ
ҶţȥԺǼء
ǰ꣬û뵽ѾյظʰЩҲȥˡ̫ãЩÿĶð˵̡
ϸһƬز֪ĥʲôŤͷȥӡ
ҡҡͷ³̡
Ҷǻø衵Сѣһݿһܲһϴݣ²ˣֵܲģݿϴݵ֡һůͱ㳤÷ɿ졣ðϴݣϱ˵²һһ磬ʵݾ²˳ÿ졣
ǿת˺þãƨվԶٺõİɡ
ϿһȦֺЦϰµľô˵ض׶˵ٶ඼ûҶһ仰ܽĶ֪ϱⶨ⣬ϲɳղɣֻ˷Ҫʲôʳʳô
Ҷεͷ˵⣬档
֪浹ûҶʲôǳʲôǡҶߴյިһ˺
Ժ治֪ʲô˵³ȥһ˱Źճš
ҶЩϡ棬ϡã
ﶼûܣϾһӣŻҪ˿šҶ߽⴦ɾͿʼӡջҲںͷҶջûһζƮ˵ި϶̨ͷվڹԱ۰Ͱ͵ؿ
һϣͲܲˡҶһ泴һ˵һȥʣ˭мȳǶһżҡ
ިգŴ۾ԴҶΣҶûסʢһӸȳζ
Ͽȣһĸ˾ҶθʢҲ˼ԡվһҶҪʲôͷˣһǮһ
Ȼ⡣ҶЦЦܲͲ֪²˼ò
ĥ¶ӳãҲˡҶǵ棬ѧ档καֻܸ㵶һСãŹմͷȥʲôʱЩ
ҶξؿĿɨֻƬֱ̣嵭ģ
ȲɽˮӶһúá
ϳų쿪ܲȥ档һھͱҶηˡⶫѹʲôۣԼҳԻУ⣬ϼܳԵĿӶûô
ϱˣźҶ߷Ҫ˵Ժͷˡ
ɤŴŽվԺﺰҶε֡ҶæȥƣҶǸɩӡҶϿҶξץ֣һˣҪ
һſڣҶζˣ


16 
żæŵģҶҶξߡż˶ø׳ҶϸҶվһܱһȦʱþקˣҶθѲá
Ҷλû˵ؾͱקų˴ӡ
ި־׷Ҷߵü׷ϡ
ʵϣЩҶ˵ġܼҶҽףϻضӳ»ǶϱˮҶǱ߾ûƹһۡ׹Ů˼ôɵģԭΪǲҲǲǵŮ¶ܵı˭ҶεĴɩüˡδβǸҲǹģҪҶΰ˵ġ
⼸һأҶϵͷûӡ󣺡Ҫʲô˵ˣôµģ
ߵ׷ؿֱǹɩ߳ȥԶ
ȥɡ衲֪ʱ׷ĿضԶȥıӰȥơ
һæͷϽȥ
ҶαҶϸС˵Ҳǽʳ̯һѾǶ죬ż˰һ̯ϽʮûﳬֵǵðʮĵĳطѸ׬ʵˡ
˵ζЩʤڱˡһ׬϶ЦʱҲЦ̯ǰΧһȺˣҶαҶϳȺͿŴѱ̱ڵϿޡԱһȺָָ㣬żɩ͸«ƵվһԲ˵
Ҷθ߽ȥӭͿһεꡣ
꽣üĿĸߴһĶ̴仹˰Ѷ̵ӱܻ˵ҪϼβֹһȺΧţüԵģмˡһ̧ƼҶΣ۾ʱ
߹һȦ˾վס˽šŴҽԶԶؿ
׳˺£ҶβϹģ˵ǳ̶
һʣԱȻк߽͡ԭŴԼǵ¶
˵ҲãŴҽܴýתơ
Ҵ籾Ҳʲô£֪رͷƼŴӲһ˾ãҶׯԸĹȥⲻʣŴ͵ҶεΣתͷ¶浽СүǶȥ
νĳ̼Сүʵǳ̷硣СߣдӲϵĹΨһ۵ģҲһҶҶֵڵʱЩö˹ġķĶһ˹ָ£촩ãǸ˶ܲס
СүǸƢҲúܡҲ֪˵ʲôǵСүŴǸңֱӶ˴֡
һ̯ԱָָģǸֱ˵ûûƤĹ˭ҪȢ
Ŵˣһŷֺϣ޵׵ҡ
ҶϿˣĨһͿޣʹҪ˵Ρ̶үҲ߯СȻʹ˵ְӵѣ
ӲŶʮ꣡δӵĻƻŮҶɤżúܣɥԴ˵ۣ˸ɵ¶㵱ְ˴˸ɵ¶۴ҵӱ˸ȥˣô˵˼ң
ǳ̷üͷһ壬ҪŭӽѣҪ
˵ţʹŴҾҪӿڵĺӡ
ƽƢܴŴҸɱƵĺ
Ҷδˡ̶ְˮﰴģ˰ŴҰˮ¶̶߳ˡһڰ
ҶȺϣûؾͱҶϸһѳﰡȥ̶˵˵ո̶úãȥ˵϶ˮһˮĹҵˮͳˡôһ鳤ģôãȾȴҰɣ
ҶȰƨŴܸɵó͸õûúôˣ¶˸ƨɣԲסɩӣֵܻվǱ߲أɩӲȥԼֵȥҹżֵһ˸ģİٽܲʮ·סСȥ˸ס
ôһ˵̯Ǳһżֵܱġ
һҶǽһΣƿڴɴǸֵûҶͷһŻԼֵܲáһżŴұˮﶪ
ϵģ˾͹˲װࣺҲĪңֵܱǿɫӵģöǺĸΣȻôԶȥܼⲻû취Ͱȥ㣬µͷ㻹ĪģôôӲ
ҶαĪֵܶȥæһ˲æӲ
ЦҶգգ۾ĵӲôŰɣͲȥ
Ҷùβʱð㲻ҺùҲùſھͿʼָҶθ̶һȣֱǳ̶¾ΪҶα
ҶׯҴ˭̶һȣҶ㵱˭ɵأ𲻳ϣ๫ʱͼܡһȥһ졣˭ҳ̶װװףͷʰӡұһ˵ķϸ棬Ҫ
Ҷһ̵ҶξҪ֣ȥȥ潸˼ǣ
Ǵ־ûҶεĸ첲ˡ
Ǳ̶߳۾Ϳأ¾ҪۼֿסҶϵ죬ҶקҶεֻ첲ͱһֻذ׵ָж
Ҷ໵һҽСͼȺл߳һˡ
嵭һ䣺
վȺ
Ҷοǲ졣Ҷϳµô͸ˡûסȣҶ˦˦첲һ䣺ùˣ
šôǣĵĴӨ
Ŀ䵽Ŵɵ˵ҶϡԱֵ˶е̯ϵôһҲʩ̯ϰ塣ĿŹֵһ֮ѲԱ̶̧߳ĸ첲ջȥվֱһߣ۾衡
˵ֻҪ۾ϹĶ˭ˡ
ҶϷӦ˻۾Ĵתȥܼȥļûע⵽λ÷÷򡯵ӣƺ˸ղ˵Ļ˵ԼϱȾϻ嵭ģƲߡ
ҶŸ첲۵ֱ顣̧ͷڲԶ̶˵ʵû񣬲Ȼϵһء
Ǳ߼Ŵҵ˻ûߣɴ۾ߡ
ҲҶϵôģǵ޿֡ûקء˼ЩҶβӣ뵱ڸҶεɫơ
ֻ˶٣ק衵ĸ첲÷ǰɣҶεĴɩӣҴɩˡǲóʲôأҸ˵˵ﲻң㲻ڼҸ˹أͷΪ˸ҹأ
Ҷҭʱ˻鷳
ȥһѽҶϵĸ첲⻹û˵ƳҶεĶҶϵǻؿ˿ڡɤ磬һھͽѣɩǰԼùܺ˵ɡ
Ҷϼһҭסˡ
Ҳû˵ʲôɨһȦĿڳ̷䣬ֻصҶεϡ
ĿԣⱻץӳǽġһûУôӡû飬һֻ֮
衣
ãƹסҶε󣺡ӣ߰ɣ˵绹£
Ҷεͷ۱ס̧ͷٿˡ
衵ɫģֱƺٶʮƽ̧޳֣ʳָ΢ȻҶ޽ǵ鷢
ҶΣ
ȻҲû˦Ŀбӵصͷ
򸾶˾ˡ߳ȥԶ衲ŻͷһȺи˶ꡣ
۾ĳ棬ɳһ񡣵е˼
˻صܼңſھͱżϸӭȥ߶߶࣬Ҷξͺ˵Ŵ£ȥͣһŴңϻؾѶϱˮŪðûס˼䡣
ҲˣǼŵġˡ
ިҲںѧ࣬Сһ壬ˣ
Ҷ̲סЦ˼ҵ¶ˡŴθۼҲգȥӶ˭ûеȳǷ㣬׽ֻɡ
Ҳ¶Լ
Ҷ˵꣬תͷˡԱüͷԶãûסЦ
ҶϣͦʵİʣŪһ͵Ļ᣿


17 
ܲʱҪһţؽѻʣʮܲڶһϡ
ЪյĺԺǵϴݣ˿գϽЩܲˢϴɾЩֵ¶кˮܲɷһԵҶεڶʣôһ˾æˡҶοȥתת
ҴǸӣϽǸﲻ̫ġҼһܿճݡҶԼҲ˼һ¾͸µˡļµԼҳԣļ
Ҷο˼ԺżľȥʡǼɻжļʣԸһǮһ˵ʵڵģطǸöԲ˼Ҷָŵ˺ӲӡȻĻǻġ
ϾٺãõҲһǮҶſһһǱʺ
¹ʲʣеģӾʹչ
Ҷμ˼￴˼ҵļִֺõȻգĪĪҳûǮǵÿһȥҼԺӵȣʱٵǮ
⻰ųĸǾͼˡ
Ҷο´浰˼Ҳ٣õġľͷˣŤͷĹ˼СҴĸ˶ʮͷ򣬼ͷͳȺļѼ˵ǼҵǴҪġ
Ҳܺϣש߷ǹ˼ҡ
Ӻãּҿѵĺܡô༦Ѽµ᲻óԣȥʱҪȻҲܳʡǰͷҶӻһ¡
˼Ҳ٣˵ز֣ٲٳϢľʢúáҲвﱧСᡣͷһͷӡӸļ۸Ȼһ
˼ҵԥãſҪ˸ߵļλ˵Ҫ˰ġ
Ҷʵļ۸ûһ˵ɫ֪Ҫ۸ˡ
˶٣û˵
˼ҵƺ֪Լŵ̫󣬱˱䣬˵Ǵˡ︽סţȻ˵˵ļۡҪҼҵС򣬸߰ʮһֻ
ҶûӦֻЦЦ˵Լֻʣͷٿ
˼ҵļżɽǲݣųȥһϻ¾ͳˡǼҲŵ֮Ҫ׬ǮҶβҲ˵Ҷ⼦ɶʱҪ˵ԼҴ˺üӵġмж쵰Ѽ
ѼҶεȤϱӺóԵƢѼҲᡣŪĵ
ͷѼ缦áҪѼأ缦óԡ𿴸ͷȼ󣬵ʵԵ˻࣬ҲáҶԥƬ̣̽˵ԸһǮļۡ
˭֪һ˵ܸ۾
֪Ѽƽ˭Ѽǳųˡ˼ҵıֻʣ˭֪ҶλԸ˵ȷʵߣǶҲͳˣȥȴʵʵǮ¾ǿڹ˼ҵǰͷ˵ԼҲ˲ѼҶҪ٣
ҶξѼԼҳԣȻҪĲࣺɡ
ôһ˵ɲ
Щ¸˿ɹ˲󣬺Ӷ˼һҾ߰졣Ǯ˭ںܡһҶ˵ѼһӾܰԲҶαԿǶֱۣ˵еİѵȥܼҵԺӡҪѼҲһ
˵겻˵˭ҵĵ˭ҵĵãŤͷߡ
ˣһɢؼҴյȥˡҶڴһȦתƵɽ
·ݺɽѾˡҶѿľǡٴĺӸţڰɽϳԲݡҶɽһأںɽ˺ЩľդĶɸɾģϸ˻ĺۼأŤͷݷð˲ҰˡдѴѵҰɽС
ҰɽУⶫúܡҶ˳ְΣһ·˲٣һСرؼҡ
صܼңѾֲٸԺˡĽΧм䡣˸ţҶ˵ľ²˼⣬ϸ˵ЩʲôͽЩ˰
ӦЩµͦһס
ҶνһҰɽбץһСԤ
ҪҲȥͷںԺǿҪ˳һһѡިԺﶺ֪˭ѧġÿŪСȥڣ˲ιЩ̳׻ûгԳӳÿ죬һСһιնյġ
óգСװۣƯòˡĨҲѩɰűգŴ۾һСŵŵܹҶοµģ
ֻСëɫһֻ׵úܣ˭˭
Ҷ̧ͷһһԲļССС͹Ҷһ»ȵġƸûá죡ļʼµҶܳȥڼԱ￴ӭͷһֻ󻨼׺ݵԴ
衾վڴЦеؿżԱߵ˼սֱҶαĵûֿܿЦҶһŤͷͿЦʱһЦʲô
ƽιȻϵ㡣ǵЦ⡣
ҶεȻ֪ݼЩСƽιȻϵáҶηûֻިȻ˿ŵ̫ϲˡϾֻĸþˣһֻµļҲµˡ˭֪ĸôף
û򣬡衱Ҷεӣĵָ컹㡣
ҶΣ
Ҷβ֪ò˵ֻĺֻ
תҲǣȼҲгࡣгܷɣǰɽҷɵġû񱻵ѵȻȡѵ
ԴϵļëŤͷȥҼȥ
ӦһȺŤͷͿأվڴ߲֪ڿʲôһԴɿʱ֮٣඼ʲô̬˽͵ϱȢˡ˸ƼҵģӹȻЦ
룬̲ס߹ȥ衰ȥݵ¶
ѵûԣֻǴ۳Ƭ̣˵ʱ򡣡
ûףʲôлʱ
üͷ˼Ƭ̣̾˿꣬һС·߰˰ˡ˵·񻹲ôһ룬ЩֳܸӻùӵļѼȥ
Ҷ˰Ѽȥݰ衸
վڼǰҶνһ
ż̲ס۾б
Ҷüͷһ壬ֱ׳˵ʲô˼򶼲𣡡
ѻЦ⣬״Ϊѵ˼Ƭ̡Ȼͷ
ҶСʱƳһߴķһѰ۸ļͷϻбӡǣƸ۵Ұɣȥץ׳Էˡ
衣
ҸʲôҶбۿôĸӣץ
˵ǡ
衵ŴסҪڵЦ⣬׼˵ʲôԱܹһնյСһިõС黨ӳڼԱ־ץһֻĸ˻û衴ȸߣһֻżӣһץҶε°קק
Ҷε´չȥץһֻڵļͼȥ£ë
֪ǷҶξü꼦ʵ˺ܶࡣ
ҶСԴިá
СһգŴ۾˵ͦͦСظҶΰѼûȥſڱϸץסٿŵҪõģѼϲô
Ѽĺã緹Ҳ㣬̯Ҵκ͹ӻ
ʣֻܲ࣬һٶʮ˵˻ǳҶεıζáʵģζˡһԱȣûʩ̯ĶáʧĿԴֻЩżǱߵ̯һ͹ˣնԱȲҵܶࡣǴըܲӵͷ⻹
ԼĪúãĶЩ¹û֮ǰ̯ǰѾˡǺµľҶΣⱻôɲСҶȥҪ˵Ҷ˾Ц
˼ҲûȤˡ
һٶʮһ̯Ҷȥ꣬Ҫһӵۡ⣬ȻϡҶζÿģʱ͸ˡͷͨúܡҶһ£ױ涼ҪüǮ
ǸϷˣ׷룬ҧ˶ʮ
衵Ҳû˵ŶϷšʳǲųӿھͱ˸ˡ
ǸЩˡϷƣûͦġԼĪǼӲã侽ȣϴûɾҶκ衳ԥ˻ǰţҶԭûϳ˺һƾ²غһ䣺磿
˵˵ͷɫԥòſڣãﲡˣ÷˿ռȥһˡ


18 
ﴺģͷǿɹۡ
һֱŲȥǲеģҶαϾռԭӡǸ̯һţϣһȥҲ¶Ƴţǰͷĸֻ꣬衴ţϵͷһˣЩͻܼȥҸ๫ȥһˡ
ϺȻ׵ġͷţͻλƵˡ
ϻرҶȥҶû¶ˡֵ˵ﲡˣŮͷһţΣӵװ
Ҷ཭ִٵؿ÷ûʲôҲû˵
Ҷȥ׽ָֻ⡣Ӧòˣ衵һ͸Ҷ཭Ҷҡ
ҶׯӵϱߣҴ΢Զһ㡣ҲԶ·ƾ߹ȥԼĪҲһӡߵò죬˼˸պáҶ཭ͷһؼ÷ʵ˵Щ˵ԴҲ룬Լü޵ܳģ
ſڣǸ챿ġ˵ֽӲϣ衼״ġ
˴򽻵˭ͶԵȥҶׯһ·ϲŶԶҶׯڣҶ཭Ѿػ÷衿Żû˵٣ƾİҶ཭¶˸һɶҶö֪Ҷ཭ʮƽ
ʮһʱ飬κûʲô֣ʮ˻ؼֵءκδСӹʵϱһڸɡȢ˸ܸɵϱҪһ㡣
ҶԱһһ㶵ģ˾Ȼְϻǿ
ҶԺﾲĵģ˲ˣҶϵġƹߣûҶ÷Ҷ没ҹһѪ͵ϵڶûѡҶԺӾĵģСͷ£Ҵ
Ҷθ衹ײϳŵˮҶϡҶŰͷҲһͷ۵ġƼҶҲû֨ˮһ˾ﲻˡ
Ҷ཭ҶݵﶼǺɫ˼ɩӡ߻زٶԹҲֻȥŤͷкҶκ衽ݡﲻһݵͷҶϵãϻײԭ׵Ҷɽ
ҶɽҶλҲû˵̧ͷθˡ
ŮͷһؼҶ཭һҲеɵۡſڸҶκһŻͷȻкСŮ裬Ů³Բ衣
ҶƳһ۾û˵ĽġӽݡͿ۹ĴŸˣݰͰ͵ģɫơһվһﶼĨᡣһҶҲϵãϻҶָʹȥϴѵҶáĨҶСĹҶá
̧ͷһҶĸˡ
ô£Ҷ߹ȥ۴ϵˣ϶ҡȻûˣԭļҶȻӹǻӲʡزżվͱ㣿
ҶǸ«ʲġҶԭҶģﶼ˼ʲô¾µذ˵ˡ
ҶǱŪ¶
ⲻǰŴϳ˴͵˶𴩣šͱСְѡ¶ͦƣٿҲסⲻǰҶϸŴ࿴Ǽһ¶ذ࿴ˡ
ŴʮۿžʮˣͱͲ˵˼ҡٴһϹٵȣ޲ȥҶϺòװӸδڼҵϹ
ɴҵˣ˼ҲȢԸȢĶǴϹȳʹ򣬹ؼЩ˻ȢŴңױ⡣Ŵ˵¶ϾѰٻġżǱɩ˦ƹܣֻ׽Ҷ۵õѪ
ûжͿʼ⡣ҶһûӵСӡöȻҶγúã߳ȥҲ˿ġ˸жȥӱǰŪ˵㶫Ҷøгȥˡ
ҶõĻ࿴ʱˮŵ㡣СӲˮһԣٰѴҸһ³¾Ͷˡ
һеûƤûŴҲҪ
ôɣҶҵǸŴһƲϡԸǸƲ˼ҼҶһŴûȥǰҶøƽȥԼˡ
Ҷúö˶һ绨ңٺ˼ҰŵءҶΪҶ࿴һҵĳӣòܳԿ໹͵Ҷý·˵ס˭Ҷþô˸̣ˡúõ»û˵ûˡ
Ҷϵ̣ŮġŮҲôˣһھѪˡ
ҶõͷۿͨĲ˵
Ҷ࣬ĸҲҳҶүӷһͨ˵ҪҶϡ˵˰챻һޣҲû
Ҷû뵽£û˵ǣǺأ˿
⻰ʵˡҶһ˲ɷףҶҡҡͷԴĸ׳£ǾͶأĻйǸ
ҶγƬ̣ǺչҶϣԼӳȥ
ˣֻȲ˵Ҷγߵߣ䡣յýе㲻ڡڿҲûҶ˵˻ŵͷ򲻱ˡҷ֮ǰȥҽݣԼĪƬ̴
Ҷһ㶣Ƭ̣ƳһҶ˲˵Уȥͷ
ΪŴҵĻ£ҶҲɷѿġҶó¶ӶˡҶζشתһȦȫ
ǺڼҴġҶׯԶȥˡ
ϢãǸġȵܼһ˵޸ĸ޹ʡһ¶ӱܽĻѪûңһڼҴĺɽ˸ӡﲻȥһֻϲŻؼЪҶϵˣͼ޹ʺ
ҶαȥƣȻ˸աǺ˲ڣľͷƾɵúܣͷǿյġ
תͷҶңպô
ϴϻظ衿ȣȻϵáʱҡҡͷҶġ֮Щӱһ˵ˡֱ˵ץҩҲܺȫǸɲػˡ
Ҷүһӻްȥ͵ˡ
ץҩˣǱ߻һղܶҩֳ¡ж£Ļֻϱһ˸ɡ䶯ãʵ˵ץҩĻһ˫ͨ죬ðʣץҩҪӰ
ٵϴҲſϹҪҶϵҪóԲεģˣɡ
ҶһԿţȻ衶ˡ
ĻҲû˵˵˾ϴȥҶһˮûȡĬĬߵ˱ˮ꣬۾û˵
ǱҶͯƵ³һ̧ƳһҶΣȻһӣǼ㸣ûܵԿûͣ˻ʲô
Ҷû˵Ҷֵͯ۵ܣ㣬
˵ţɫƣడడ
ҲࡣҶԭģҪԼ¶ڶҶͯ⻰Ŷ˵ģԼġܹŴɩ¶
ҶͯһףԴȥ͵һţӰӡ
ҶҲʱ򲻵ò˵ӹãԸ಻塣ҶҲ˵Ѫ¶ܡҲиȣ޵׶ôԭҲҶ˲ôһصĶҲûҪڶ ĵ
˵һٶʮҲû٣߰˰˵ʣӡϳŵʱ˶ﻹʣ롣
ȷʵǮ̧ͷҶɽɩǱ㵽ôģ


19 
ҶԺӾĵģҶɽŮǶţ˺ðվȥֽ
ҶɽͯҲڼ̵Ӷ顣бīֽġⶫúܡﺢӶһıˣԼݡʱóīУֶûʼдǶҶϷһ˹
ƨɺͷŸ˾СǸղݸҶεˮҶҴŮŮòҶˣһһŴŴǻͷԣȥͨ籨š
ҶϽţקҶɽĸ첲һͿʼޡ
һޣСŴɫܡһԺͷܽжģʮ壬СһҲʮһꡣСĿ޵øƵģĵû˵һСүүˡôϡ
ôһ˵Ҷ͸һơſģﲻûţͷģҶɽֱ̾
ҶĬĬְӴضĻҲ˵վߡ
˴һҩҶδһץסĸ첲ʵôˣ
Ҷ֪ʱŮҲҶɽͷûŮˣȴû뵽ҶɽΪϰᡣҶҶɽӵ˵ңûŮ
߰ɣϵëϣôҲûá
Ҷεһͷ׷Ҷ཭ˡŲһִͣٵվԭأ۾ͺˡ
һ䡮áҶŤͷ
˵ʵȻ̹ȻӣҶ཭̧ͷ
ãȴ·¶˾ƵһҧҶ཭ץϵıīҪд㲻ޣ棡ظǹ֣Ͷң
ҶҼжǶʶֵģСҶɽ̡߽ϴҶɽм츳ʣ¼áϴҲûǮԼѧûش
ǰפӪбץ׳ȥۣҼһóͷҶӣ˵¥úͷܵվҶ཭ҲȥûҶ̫С֮Ǽӣĸ᲻áǾҶɽΪ涥¶
ǰļûҶɽ棬ͷֵܱվҶ཭ǡɲˣҶӵȥĸײáⲻ󷿳Ҷظպʮվ˸ͷ
ҲһҶϵԵɡҶϸҺᣬɷΪסͷЩֵܽöǷ󷿵ġ
ҶڵȾͿޣ޵öһסҶĶĿĳ๫ҶһӺĸΣûģ
Ҷߵ࣬ŮͷһصžͽƼЩӶˣ
ҶɽһȥظһһĵıˡðϺݺһң˲һ
ҶϲҿˣҶɽָҶϵıӣȥŸϴҾϴϱðҪôáݲ㣬϶ʸңھͰɩȥżң˭Ͷߣ
⻰һ˵޵ĺӵ졣
Ҷɽʣ¾ͿʼдšģҶŵҪ˹ɾҲˣҶɽ淢˺Ҳ᲻µ¶ζղֵġŮڣҲšҶɽҪģ
ҶҶ཭ҲǷ˺ݰҶŤȥżҡ
ҶϿ캰صֱ˵ôˣҶ཭Ҳһӿ캰صֵﶼҶû취ֻֻȥսȥͿ衰ҩҶõϡ
Ҷǵһ ͷ۾̧ҩСȥС塣
衲֪Ҷɽ˵ʲôҶɽɫÿࡣҶνʱҶεͷҶαûŪʲô˼Ȼͷ˽㡣
ᣬһŤͷСݴӱƿһݵſڴߡ꿴ʮݵ÷ǳҶοãҶҪҪȥ
Ҷβϵˣֶӻǵܵܣɻؽݡ
ڶģֻһȴĹսһƿӾһӴ̱ǵҩζͰڴߣŵġҶüȵģˣӦþҶˡԭΪҶ̱˼׵ڴ֡һۺֻǶȡ
չ˵ģﻹɾ㣬
Ҷûڣ
ʵϣʱռ﷢ҶȫԽıꡣ˵ǴСŵԵʣҶӾҶҳҶһͻСʱסһ㣬ƢˣȴûٻܡǰǰɽˤŪӣסҶϡ
Դ̱ˣҶϾͶŭҲϾ̱Ҳ򲻵ҶͶȥ
ʱҶ˵Żֻ۾ȫǺɫٺҲ޷룬ӳã²áָϣ۳һ㡣
ҶνʵҲûбĻ˵뺰ǽӲͣʱâ֪β¶Ͱ͵ؿҶܼҹΡ
Σ
ҶҲ˵Ŀ⵭ϡ
Ժ󣬴ϵıܵظǣ㶼䡣ҶĿһɨ۾ٿһ㶡ҶȵƺǺרҵʿó⡣ҶӷҶڿȣһ°ˣץӾϸǡ
ҶҲľȣµƿߡ
ܶڼҾͲϣ޻˵Ҷӿ̬ȸĮҲòյƢص˵Щ֮һ䣬ԲסҶΡ
Ҷ˻ͷûס߹ȥҶûעʱȹǣһȷҶӵĹͷˡֲվʵ£ȹͷģĴؽܺá
˻ͳȥˡճݣײһС
СҶҲ˵Ťͷܡ˵ҶβϵãǷһ͸Ҷһģӿ̳Ҳû⣬ղųͷҶɽСһء
ҲûҶֻضȥҶϡ
˸ˣҶûĶɩӡ
ɩǸľګӣǳɻҲϵҶվһ飬ָ˭Ÿࡣʱ֪ŴϻմӡƼҶξվһҶεͷ߹ȥҶϲ֪ʱѾѹ
ҶƼҶΣû˵ȿݳһСѣ޵һһʵŶᡣ
һӳƲҵģöķо仰п֮˱пɺ֮ܶʲôãҶβǸߴӣ˼ͱտڲԡ
ҶϿ˰첻ŮſڣҲ޲ȥ
ҶöҩȽҶϺҩһȺ˾ʹԺվҲãҶɩкԼ˵
ҶθһȥʺͷҪôܺͷҶϴܻܲŴҶϣ衶ѾӰҩǮˡҶβĶŪǮҲҪи³̣ҶξҶôġ
ҶԴǿһһҹû˯ŵûޣǹ˼ĸ
һſڣžžµ㣬Ҳ˼˵˼
Щ꣬ҶҵļҶôҶڸɣɩҶǲֵġҶ̧ͨ۾лôȥ֣һڷ
أ
ҶƺЩãѴɩǸøϹٸ


20 
Ѵɩȥٸʵʣ˵ܣܵġҶʵǱפӪǱûúôòŻùЩ¶ǰѰȥҲû˹ܡ˵һҵôҪǮҶ᲻Ҷȥ档
ҶΰѻҶԼĪҲ׵Ƣԣ޵ŮҪſڴϿ
ܸģпܴﲻҪĺϣȹٸáҶβҶɽǸʲôƢԣΪֵܵ¶ӦñҶɽǿҶѾƹˣҪ֮ҶõĻ£ڼҴĺôģ
ҶαִˣûʲôӾ͵ø˭뷨뷨뷨µĵҶáҶöǸеʹҶɽôᾡøǸейϸҶиʲô뷨ǾͻΪ
ᵽǸҶÿһ͡£ͷ϶ĶĵѪ
Ҷμ״ǻв׵ģ
̾˿ػҲܶ˵ֻһ䣺ԴǳҲգǶӦýŲǣӰҷȥڼҴһ⣬Ӷǿյġ뷨ǲԸ㣬ٿɡ
һ˵ʱˡҶһǿ޵ˡ
ѾһƬ֮
˭׾١ҶɽǺ޲׶ӵģϡ档ԭһ˾ǿҶϡ򿴹ҩҲץˣͷ»õȼղжۣҶξߡ
˵ŮӦҪġҶһأûк
ҶɽȴߡŮŲҶҳʲôˣ
ҶɽǺģҶֳﶼšôҲصƤæѶϱǵǮȥһ⡣
ͷˡҶοɩǾȵӣ˵
ҶĨС
ʱ˶⻹˼ѼһġŽҶˡҶ˳ְѶȥҶɵݡôʱ˵ҶͰѶ
ҶɽһƳŮɫ˵ŮŴ˼ҵȴܲöдֱŮŮ͵ĶдˡŮЦǳǳģûƲҶµӡ
㣬Ҳ̯ˡͨһˣ㲻عЩ񡣡
⻰ҶɽЦͷŤͷҶŶȥ
ԭΪŮǰִٵؼ޳ȥȻûѰ˼ңҶɽܹεġĴԴǰҶɽߵĶ·˵Щʱ̧ͷ
ӱܵģԴŮ޳ȥ񶼲ټŮһŮˣĲźЩҵľҲûŮⲻϹèӣ˼ôܼҺ˵㣬ŮΪʵ
ôһ룬ִЦ
˵Ż˵ҶɽĿϣɤŴڲסҶһԿ˲ģҶϼ
һҶ཭ɫشͷҶͻȥô׵¶Ҷһ·϶Ҷ཭Ǹ챿ģĹѪͷҲô졣Ҷ཭棬̲ס¶һһʮظ
һ·ϺòʣżŴӵ˶ܳ֡ҶϺ˰뱲ӣûָָżұл˵һ˵ҶϰҶѪ졣
ТĴһѹҶϿʵˡ
ҶαͲҶҵ¶ǮβѾ御ʵЩͣҶҳһ緹ͻȥ
Ҷɽȴôߣﻰ
ģԺͷ
Ҷĵʲô£ͷһھվͷɽ塣һܳȥͿһ˸ľ꣬ԼĪʮ˾ţһֱֳͦͦԺͷҶɽ״ǸµھſھͰѻͷˣڼҴİĹˡ
⻰һҶӲûɳ
ֳֻ϶ѵöҰҰҰҰӣһŵĶƤëûЩȴҲֵС
Ǿ䣬Ǽִֽ˶һ˫ĵıɫ۾ϵ·ãԼĪûչ˵ԵʣõЩƤëƴһʲݷġҶεĴôܾһ˫۾ͷǡȥڼҴʱ˵޹ʣĻѪ¶û뵽ӣֲ÷ҶǸģ
ʱͦףһ˫۾ƳȺҶãЦס
ɤָ£˵ǴĴǻ
ѪƯȻҲҶһӺˣͷګګҶŴ򿪣ѳƽ
ƳҶεʱ򻹳ЦЦһڴſھͺ㡣˵Цͦá
Ҷü߹ȥȴסһѡҶ̧ͷüͷ΢΢ĿЩضꡣҶգգۣٿʱȴüͷѾָƽ
Ŀԣ۽ǣʣôˣ
ûҶζе㷽ڿʲô
΢ɫ䣺ͷһؼ۾Щѡ
Ҷκɵش
ãʵƲߣŤͷԺͷҶɽ˺ðβŻعʱȴûпŮʱ֮ɫ
üͷţûڡ
ʵϣҶɽڼǸˣƳŵĺ˵ġ⼸ŮĴ㣬׶ø˽ᡣаСһɽҰģǸ۾֡ĿɨڳһƤëȴ룬ȴûǮýţû
ͶѪͳİ⣬ſ˵͸ˡ
Ҷɽ⣬֪СӸĸ˫޹ʡ޵أ˸ơһʦСԣû˹ԺҶɽһٲҶҲѾСӵˣûɻҲûķӡ
Ҫ죬Ҳһ㶫û˲ٳ֣¶ҵġҶɽƬ̣İȥͷʰɾˡҸýţ̶¡
굹ûʲôԹԣɴصͷ
ǰԼһߣݸҶá
šȷʵҰúܣܲˣŪȢ㡣
ҶϺðһ
˵ŪһҶͷɢ˲١鲻Ҷβͣĵƶţ²ҲöˡҶɽҶ཭ã˵ҶκٻһˡҶϴŵˣ˴ɩҶõĻ¡
һæһ죬Ҷθ衻ܼʱ춼ˡ
һ·ϣҶֻ衿ûסץʡ
û뵽ҶôֻԶ࿴һ۾ͱץ˼Ƭ̣Ǿ仰찢۵࣬ʲôŹ֡ҶΰŰɣ˼̫ˣӱߡҶʲҲա
صУѵȺʱ
Ҷν˵һ飬ǳԾû뵽ҶǸɩܻ뵽زŴ󻧵ϱأϾû˶ϱôġ
תһҶ־ԼҶϱҲǸƢԡȴ
ĿתתȥۿҶθӳȥˮϴϴ֣ҶϴȥòӲȥһȦûõġʱ˹֡
׼أϺȻˡϵﰡ￴Ͱﱻ춼ϴſԻĸǡʰҲˡʰҲˣһֱݣŻӣĶȥˡި˯ݣʰסݡ
ϴĿԣûˮȥ


21 
ϡȵϷɡҶæһ죬ʱʲݵҪЪϢˡԺţިݣʱҲûб֣ƶʱյ鶼ûСҶθɰͰ͵վڶݵĴڴߵĿԡ
ľϵú͵Ƶоžһ죬ƹŷ΢ҡΡ
ȻѾϦദ£˵ʮ졣˵ʵܰΣҹ˯һеεġ
ϱϾǳһ֮֮ҶθǸĸ֮ޣӦǸסһġϴʱĺţܾɶûС
͵ƽӰϸƵĹ衵ϣڴߵ˿ˡҶ״æµתһȦԼĶƵʰ޺ˡֱҵĵطЬҲڷŵ롣ǮӶ˶ݣڶûС
ҶƳһ۲˵衣ûһ˵๫ҹЪϢϰ˯滹棿
û취һӣ˶˵ҶֻȴƽӲ
㡣ѻƵ۽޵ʹס۵׵ɫɤ嵭ģ·ȫȻӰ죬Ҫ˯࣬ұ˯ࡣ
ƽȵĿһҶĪȵ˼һưˮȴˡ
Ҳǡ衶Ȥ˵ûдϵ˼ྩ÷ġһ죬е顣
ҶεգҲɴذԼǵ߰뷨ɾ
ԺҶÿҹҪϴġϱӵϰߣϴˮ˯šͷֻ򵥵ϴˣ㻹ԡ
ʱ磬û£ǽЩ׬Ǯó
֮ǰÿæֻ֪ȥҶһЩǮ⣬жٱǡҶοͷǴСһ֮ǰͭռطǰҶθɴ඼ҳȥĶǮŽȥһϼƣԼĪʮӡ
֮⣬ͭҲкüɢġ
ٳϳɱ߰˰˵ճʣôҶεû뵽ǮΰٲǮǡǮҶһʲô뷨ˡ
ĸˣûֶڴرϵĿ䵽ϡ
һ˫۾ĳģ谵Ĺɫ°Ůɢǰ΢΢ף¶ķɫӨĿޡƽ衶Ȼ񡣴ʱ֪أĿʹ˳ϸĲ䵽Ůϡ
ӶҲڲסŮ毺ñӡǽһɿҶǮĶϡƼͷϸǡ
Ũܵ۽زһ衿Ƶش
飬ʮǮʮͭ塣Ҷη̧ͷ֮˴֪ʲôҶεһ׮£๫ҩǮĶģ
ɤͻأ衵۽һ̧
Ҷ΢΢۾㲻ûǮ𣿡
ֳ°ͣϸָཱུ졣⻰ʵ˼رȻҡ衿°һ棬֪ΪеЦ
Ƭֽ̣ͳһöӡСٶʮҶ۾һɣ衻վᲽ߹
øߴҶ֪ʱĿһ߹ͦм塣ҶοĬĬˣû䣬Ӳضͼ˿£Ƕӷŵǰ˸Ʒ˼ͱīֽ⣬ʣЩ
ҶЩԾ㵱ʲôֵôǮ
һòϵΡ
ֹ衻Ļش
ҶοƵԼֱߵӣ̧ͷֿ˳ʣҵģ
š۾ǳǳ⣬ע·һɤʯȴĪ˾ִ٣˵ƼҵģӸҲӦ
Ҷξؿ
ôˣ΢΢Դ
û
Ŀ̹ȻЦҶ̽ذִϣһߴȥһ߶
ҪթģûסһЦ
ҶһЦˣץӿȥֱ׳ԴסУץҩõĶ׬ӣҲӦ
衺Ͼص˵ͷţӦġ
ҶΣ
ˣô࣬Ӹֲ£ʲôˡ
ĥҲĥ䵽ˡҶ̧ͷɫѺڵֲָŤͷĿﻷһȦջǰ˴¡ݳֻ衡һҪõģ˾衿޿ֵ̲ס۵ǵЦ⸡
Ҷβغӱȥˮ
ÿԡϰ֪ģʱϻˮͰˮݣ衽īֽڳʱһַһִдд
ͣ˱ʡɫʰ˶ߡ
Ҷϴܿ죬Ҫÿնϴϲ࣬һϴͿٰͰˮ衶߻
ʱɫһһǹɿڹĽʱԳ
Ҷδչȥϸһͼ״еͥͼ˵ಢǹŴʷκһ½ͼǴġһ֪衲һӴڿຮ֮أྩͼȻд㡣Ҷζʱû¡
Ͱȥźã˼ϵĲӲʪͷɢͷ˶ݡ
ЩʱŽġһյú͵ƣü۱ƹȾһ⡣ҲǸӣÿձԡһΡڳϴ޽ʪϻʪˮ
ҶνӴؼϣЬһ
˯ϲǽϰߵ⣬ñȽаȫСǽڶ˻մһңҶεϰ߸Ĳˡ
ֻһűҶƳڴǰһۣץűһ׼˯
Ӳţһ㶯ûСֻľһƬҶα˱۾˰컹۾봰վŵĿԡ
ôˣҶľһ˯վԱ߿
Ůڷ𿪣üһ˫۾ǳ衴˹˵ʲôʲôҲû˵ͷĵžһŵͷľϣȻ̵س£Ҷεĵɵ˴
ҶΣ
֪ΪΣҶüʲôûȴһֹŹֵѹȸС
һŵĲľϢһԼԵϢҶε񾭾ͱȻûëֱ״̬ҶξǸо塣ǱģҶ۾òĬĬر۾
һͷƻӰӴչӰǵذҶθСƬ̣ȻݵľǺܴҶʱô̴Спɣһ˲ۼطҶ۽޲ں̹Щ
ﾲ׶ֻʣ¹ľһƬ
ãҶӲͷƤս۾ʵŶ͵Ķо衶˶ϤϤ죬Źɫһڰٴ£嵭ƽȵĺϢҶĬ䡭
Ȼ󣬾ôӲͷƤ˯ˡ
˰ȣ΢ڡŮӵܰ˿˿Ǽ⡣
о仰˵ıǴʱ龰ڰУɵ˻һ˫۾¹͸սУӳĵ˫۾ó档衵ĿⲻԾ䵽ǰ͹µŮϣ̫ˣ
΢΢³һҲ˯˹ȥ
һ磬Ҷα۾۲ʶԼ˴
ԴѾûˡһ£͸Ҷü̵شѳۿžҪ£ԽԽ硣ҶһԺƵ棬ѭƵݺͿһµںԺ
Ҳʲôʱģֻŵ޳ĸ첲¶󱳶ʪһصĲ𣬿Ӻˡ
ҶιȥҵĲһãŤͷһƬ̶̡̼죬²Ѿ˺ôһءҶζһ߱Ȼ˳̣Ѿܳˡˣ;Ͼ²˼ԡ
һ¸Կζ
ôţҶæȥˮϴʰԸ
Ȼȥһѵ裬ȸһѾ²˷³ľ²̣ζҲúܡҶϸѾ²ɾϴ˼ŵϣŤͷȥ˼ԼҳȻģŵĶҲ¡
ҹ˯úãʱҲҶһ潫ɢһϡ
²˼ĺܣʢ²СΣҲ顣һ裬ͰȡȰڶǰټεζ²˼ֻһϣĶؼҲ㹻ʡʵը²˺Ҳ룬Ҷְ˼²˺ӡ
͹һ죬ިζͳʲôóԵģ㰡
СѾ˵ĺ˳ˣȻ˵˳ľ䡣նҪ˵˻ҶδȸߣҶߵĶĶСβƵתƸͣ
ҶЦһȥȥϽȥһߵţȻһ͸ԡ
ССЦԹԵվһȥ
ʱҲϴζҶ˫۾£ҶεĲơҶδõҲߡƼϰһƬһӡӶûУʱʧ
ĵĶ˼ۣûСﲻɾƣҹ˶˯һˣһۼûУ
ϵǸˡʲôżĻҲֹֻᵱҶεʳվڹ߿ã룬ֳȥѰʡһȦƼӹھϴһϸʲôһһͷĺͷʪˡ
ʱıϣ͡ǲ¶ġ
污ﲻҲֻǶ˶ֻغˡ
յĲ衿һĸ׷߷ߵıӰ΢΢һĳġˮýݣȥﻻѡ
˵ʱＸŮӶˡ
һζϴСŮһһںͳԡ̨ϵ̻ˣĪζ˵ʵڵģ²˼ζĺáŪñƤơƤ̵ģͷϰҲ㣬ùû֭ҧһڣ̵Ҳ᲻¡
²˼ζаɣҶһһʡ
Ҳûʳ޲ϰˣصͷܲˡ
ϱǸСθƽһܶһ١ĺζýԵ񫡣ӹ
ԱСһ¶ǻͰͿҶΣҶνֹСֻܳһ
ިͦС˵ԼѾˣҶܾˣҶ̧ͷűߵ衡ҧһڱ˳˾䣺๫
衣
Ȼǳԡ
²˼һϿɡ
Ȳؿڸ֮˶ĸĸôı˹ĵسĸȥ겻˹ز죬ҶδǮһ
ٵʮǮһζãܲģ϶ùЩ
²˼ⶫ˳ȥʳʳټġͷż֮͡õĺõģȻĹһЩɿǵյ̫󲻷·ʮĹǹˡжõóʮǮһ
ҶĴСһԲķģʮǮǹˡ
ȶǮһҾ²ԼֵģĳɱҲ󡣡ţҶκȻ衵ĸ첲еĳ˵๫ۺԺһصľ²ɵչ˺áܲ׬ǮɾͿˡ
衣
˵²һðͷ
²ʰɱܲǿˡܲҪϴҪлˮɣ²ֻҪãֻ鷳ЩʵⶫҲ죬ͼһˡ緹Ҷξ͸ȥԺ˺ôһľ²ˣϴнȥŪС
о²˲Ҳ
衣Ҷǲܷŵģй档
ⶫĺܣһٸҶżⶫܸҹ弦ҲǿԵġ˸ҹıܻǻȣʱǵĵڶһıģһʱŪˡ
Ūúջȥ̯ϴݣҶٿڴߵ衾ͷǳˡһжһ ˯˵ڶؾҲûʲôˡ
Ҷһɣ衶ڴûϴ˱Ǳ߰ؿȴϵ˺ƽ˲ŷ£üͷʱЩεġʮ̫Ѫգҹҹ˯ȷʵЩѰ
ã³һػش¡
컹ûҶαʰһ衱ˡٵػѳϺţѾˣŰѹȥ
ŹϺȷʵ㣬ҶһһҲ󣬸ɴͼĳ
ϳ衿ٵϴԽҶһͰıŵϡ˳ʹҴϸϡ硣øܲϺͬʱżԼĪ¶ˣûƼʩ̯ŲеС̷ǾѾչ
ǳʩ̯ӵЦеصţһһ޴
ϣҶˢ˲;Ϳʼ²˼ò˵²˵Ǿ˵ģζ󣬷һõǡǱըܲģζӶҪˡЩʳʵڱζĲͰ͵عʡ
ҶЦЦ³ľ²˼ζʣǮһ


22 
Ӧķ紵ζĴƮɢҶĸȥŵպա
ƽɫϵúܣͷһسԱ˵˻ڵĿ¹ǰȵС̷ǿˮֱԭǮЩģʱҲȥʶ
ôһʩ̯ǰΧһȺˡⶫÿ죬һܳʮճ㣬һҧȥڵڶ²˵֭ˮʵ̲סڳԡȳͷԱ˵ȼˣǮıͷǼмġֻܲ˿һǮﳬֵˡ
һԵĶʱͲùˡ
ͷԼҳԶܶٶٳԵģ鼦ʩ̯ϰһ㣬²˱ɱܲˡЩ׳һֻͷҪԵͷģĸáȿеһȥСһٸ
ؿû˼ǮǮһǮһ˿ȻԤ˱ܲû뵽ô
ȵУʩ̯űߵλá
ҶָʹϺһѹţϼܣһҪ˸ţһҶȻЦеӦպնǮҪԴ죬ȥǵþͲ˼԰ʳˡҶ˵˱ͭһӾߡ
ٶʱŹһӾòˡ
ҶϺһĹŶӵģ¹ͷšҶóԵĸϺЩ˼ܼ˰ǸӵģĻ١㻹ʱʱݸ㳯ʳӣĺ
üľ⣬ҲǮġҶտ¹ѵǻչЩƢĶĲˣҳԱˡָæǣ
Ϻȣ˵ȻȻ
ϺʵǾʱϺҲϹսġʹڸȢϱ仧СӻڼҰģ˶Ӫ͡ҵӿ࣬ʵǺ̫ࡣǶͶ̥Ķӣܴ򣬱ʲôҲᡣҶ˵İæ˵Ϻ˵ܼˣ·һˡһܼûˣҶȴࡣ
Ҳ˵ϺҶ˵ĵĻˣ˵һվȻ˶Ǯʮͭ塣
ҶζЩˡһ׬࣬һʮȻЩһǮһһ²Ҳŷ߰˸ĲʮҲǲġ
²Լ֣һӼʮġⶫÿ죬ͳϳһء۷ЩǮɱǺֲܵ͡ϱ̯СԵĶ¸ˡ
ҶȣûסԱʰ衣๫ߣȥ
Ƴմ۵ӣؿҶ˸߲ҵź죬ȥ೶ƥިѣ
ȥ֮ǰҶȥ̵Ϻ̯СͰ̡ȦеСҶûס˾ô
ϺҶҲˣ˵ҲˣҪĻһֻ
ģɱȴ˼ҵı̫ࡣ˼ҵſڰ˰ģҶĿ̲סȦתơСúʱ䣬̻õĸӡһֻǲġٲõһһĸôʵϺ̯ÿʮǮ̡
ҲΪ̣ܼûҲû˻ֵأڶʲˡ
ֻҶһҧҪˣһһĸ
ϺƳһۣҲû˵ʲô׽ֻ
ҶСһһеĽë׵ĻͦɰζеûšҶŤͷͰ衻˲佩Ӳɫֱ׳ָʹɻұ๫㱧šۼҵĲƲ㱧ˡ
衣
Σн񱣬Ҳš
һӾͻȥ
ҶοϱߵۣһоûСŮ̯㣬ÿ̭ˡ࣬ʳࣿѾרչġϴķף˲Դϻ˸ӣֹԼԽԽͷɹɺ̿
˵ԭȴǾؽңŮӳл衸ţʵԲش㺮סһȥ巿²ͰЩøˡ
ôһ룬ҶĥżȻҪʰҲ̹֬һ⡣
˵ףʵҲǸˡЩʱǰ˲ϣǮȻ͵ÿǡöÿƤ۰̫ͷҰ泯ķ紵ɹƤɹϣ
ӺòŲ⣬أŮӻһ㲻ġ
ţҶȥ֬ӡ衿յģ巿ûȥǹս֬ӡ޻˵ͬʱ־úЦԪӻ׽
Ҷȥ֬ͷתһȦۺֳֿ֬
û취һԵɣСطһ֬Ҫӣһ۱˵һǮĵøҪλҶǮҲ᲻һ֬ɫҲã۷ףͿճҲãһӼٰס
ҶʱŮӷķǺǦġҲٰ׵֬òáôһ˵ǸҶУɫÿĿ֬ͷʹˡ
Ҷ֪ŷ֬ƷģⱾǸȤ˭ѧʱû㰮ãֻӽ棬֮ǰǵðϲһû뵽⴩طΪ棬Ǻ޲ðԼʱڹĶǮá
ǮҪһһ׬·ҪһһߡҶһŵ⾭֮ǰҲð̯̿˲бǮȥŪĬĬ³һҶȴҲ¶ˡ
Ҷκܿ˼קȥ巿
קŸ첲ߡһ·СӰԹûУ˵ƢȷʵͦŮӻĵġҶξͦģԹ޻ڵĹˡ
֮ǰ衻ͷƳ֬ӡ΢΢²ӣĿҶνüͷϡƽؾͻ٣ʱԵظҶν巿
мƥǰȻһƥ̲סǡ
ҶβƳˣûסһۣо仰ɫɲ֪
ţ
˶٣ʵɫɲָͣң
⻰˵ϡ档ÿ߲֪ʵĻͷһߴ˵ͷ˿Լ̧ͷҶεɫʱ͹Ź
ҶκϾصͷ㴩úÿЩҸǰΣÿ鶼úܶࡣ
סˡ
ð죬Цãлޣ


Ҷκһ֣⼸ƥţ߸˵ػؼҡ
׬Ǯ׻Ǯף֪ϱǸָͷзˣȴû뵽һǮһɶ϶ӡƥɫ󲻴ӣۿֹȴҲ˵ʲôͷһƥʱüЦ
ɫ᲻̫˰ƥϱȻ
µ۶Ʋϵ϶ˣʱͬաûõˣҴҪЦ
Цʲôõɫӣɫеǳɫ̫ޣӵĸȻࡣҶμʱƤӽ𪣬ҲûôơɫҲĵϣ԰ףʺһȹӸպá
Ц۾ﶼĹ⣬ŮвεģҲΡֵķӣּҶθިǳɫӡ
˼¾֪ʺСӡ
ͷˣ̲ס۾ȥб衡˼Ҳͦףǽۿѡϱġ˭֪һ̧ͷƼĿҶεϣɫ嵭˫۾ôƶĳġǷĴ̧ͷֻôһ˲յĸɸɾ
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Ҷûע⵽ĸü۹˾ԼѡҲͦģӻУû¡
ѣڼ£ϵԹʮֲáȻôͶˡѲϾ˾ַŻȥЩʱǶһÿЩ
Ҷα˵Ҳ÷죬ҪҲżԼ˵ѣʱ
ЦеصͷӦˡ
һҶְ¨СųֻСԺƵܣǵިһ˫۾ϴȻŰƸСƨɺܡԭΪ¨װʲôôû뵽ȻֻСӣǣۼҪˣ
ԣҶЦۼûûأ򣬽Ҳиʲˡ
⻰˵⣬ϲ֪۾һӾͺˡ
ӣͷ⵹ǣҲмҲиʲˡ
ҶûļҲסѶ¾ųʳغިԺ׷СһȦһȦЦӶЦĿ׷ިӰûͰһơǺɸ֣ިãԼôһ
ҶεĲװףһӡӶûУסһˣԼȢӡʰ㵽ôģ
衱ǾֶŮһû뵽ֳ¶ϡ
㾳˼衱ջߣʱһ̾˵ҽҪڴ˵ôҪྩĪҪ˼Ϊá
ʲô˼һ⻰ʱˣýȢܼҵţȥƸģܼϱбʣҪǹ˵ġ֪㲻ģҲŲ¸ֵĳޡ¶Ҳ㣬ԩѩñҪǻྩġƴǾΪΣǲǻŹ˼
ෳǲ˵ҲֻܱտڲԣĸĪҪϹ룬˹޹ء
ָһƣɣˣҲã
󲻺ڲҶζһŪɽҩһɽҩʣһ⣬Ҷ׼Ūװץ׷ܾˣϳһʱյʳ׷ԵĲˡҶһһһץԼ¿ˮ
ƼӰζϽѻɤһ£Ų˲ֹʣʲôҪⷹ𣿡
ץҶ뵽óԵģԼˣóԵģԾ֪ˡ
ԭӵĹִŪķң˵óԵĵǻ˲١һԿҶŪ˸ɫȭͷСĹЩ棬ĲʶҶο棬һϴһͣޡбĽзƤΣǱߴĳʳ㡣
ޡУⶫڱͥؽ绹ֻͦϼٰˡ
ϵͷһ߿ҶСǿ֣ȥζϱһѡҶһһԵۡʵвȥվˡһĨ۾ָйޡһ¸ſߺˣΪôô
ûûҶһ˵һᣬŴŵĵһ¡
Ҳ޵ôҡ
һŸףԼҶο޳Ǳ˸ġѾ֪ٴξÿЦˡڣ·¶𵶣ⶫôֳ¶ȥҲҶûסЦǰ
ˣгˡץеޡ˾ˡԼҳⶫҲ࣬Բζһˡ
ץܲгˮжޡгȹԺȰѽ㡣ޡܲټӵϳɫ𷭳Ű׵ȥˮ
ʵܲӦúͷţҶβϲܲζܾһζͷźֺܲʲôԾ͹ǰͷЩǼװ棬ͼһԼҳԣȻôɡⶫҲѣˮӽȥֱӴ
ζ㣬أζˡԶģھӶûסҶμʲôóԵġҶκ䣬˹ȥިСҲ׷ˣڳű߶Ų̨Сһһģˮ
ţҶһ۵Сһȸިһ롣
ިһҶεĴȾһĺ
ò˵Ϸ˻ϲ׷ġζһҶζˡϨһŽҿӡһңϸިŲӹިСְ̨ıأŽſҶǸӰһһζƮ
ץûôãóԵòˡϳųŶԼҿȥץˡ
𣬡ҶγһʵڳԲˣŵվصߣⶫ̫ѹˣϵ𡣺öԼҳԳԾ͹ˣġ
Ҳֻ˵˵ȻǸޡ͹ǳһˡ
Ҷʢһץڵ̫̫͹ȥȻԼģƫԶ£ǵԵһᣬи¶Ҳ˴֡ʡմܼҳ£һĨᣬû˰ġ
ڵ̫̫ԴҶνǻؿʼͷܲ²˱żܼʲôóԵģһȥ̫̫ҲӶϱŪʲôҲܼ͵㡣
£ϵҲ׽ЩҶֶһ붫Ц˻
ҲǴɣҶͶȥʱ̫̫ĶҲڡ̫̫Ķǵȵ͵ӣָ׳ĺܡʲôƵģģȻʮ׺ѵû˼ң̫̫ˣûסҶζ˵һ졣
ԭ̫̫Ķ̶ӵġƽѺڣߵ·úܡ


23 
̶ӵģ·ѺˣҶ˼ʱͻǴ˵ƣ˾ʹкҶ״˵󺺶ܵļ̶ӣߵʲôڡ
̫̫Ҵ峤ˡ˵ڴգٶ໧˿һġմ״ʣͬһ֧̫ĶӽҲŶʮƴʵϵúܡֻ˵򵱵صУ˵ƳһҶΣģЩ졣
ʲôУһڵģǱǳ̼ҡ
Ҫ˵̼ңָҶα졣
ҶΣ
죬ҶҲתҲûΣϾСү˽ԭռԭʵֻеĳ̶үһءڳ̼ʲôģֻ֪Ĵ󻧣ж£һܴܵǿѺˡ
˳ǣҶΰѶ̫׼ȥȴ̫ס֣Īҵȵȡ
̫ȥһݸҶΣЦеģȥ졣
̫һǡ
ҶûȥިܸˡС˶Χͣ˵áʱҲ˵ĺûĿ䶺ҶһֱЦҶĥ¶ŷ衲ڡ
˵³ȥһˡѾ̨ʰɾðѵȥԺ²ˣڲŻء
ҶεͷȥﻻٳһŪսݣִ϶űҶһ˹ű˯衹Ƕϣе顣
תһ룬ҲûʲôҲ̫䡣ú㶳иķĹӵģ˴ģװѡһ򿪣ͷ˴ӡҶο£µġ֪ʲôʱ򱧽ģûС
ʱϡͼѾһ²˵ǰԺæ
ˣ˴ѣҲʲô¡
㻻ľ裬̫СŪҶӹæ
ϱԺæأԺͷ˵̧ͷһȺ׳ĺӴ󲽴Ժǰȥ߶ҴĴ峤ҡ˵ҲסҴ壬ҵˡЩӼҴҵģƺʲôҪ¶Ҷе棬ֹ
Ӳ˲ϵˮΪ⣺ӦͷʲôԸÿ괺ʱ򶼻Щ¶ȰũȰģ˰۵ġ
ʱģһֻĹְĻΪڣΪٻΪΪ磬ÿһˡ黧ڣũɣǷɸ˰ÿ·ȰũȰũɣԴפӪǱ߻ȥפУξķԸ¸ࡣ
ۼûûأǹ¶ĸЩ¸ǹϵ󣬱ġþ²˷ŵˮϴ£Ȼٹˮϴ
ô˵ûҶϱӹԵʣʵ¹˶е⡣˵ŵĻϢǮϢʱĻҪ
룬ǲ˲վڼæȥƣʲôҾͻ
ϿЩĪҶӹˣ³̣ȰҲ֪֪֮ԼǵȻˣʱ򱻼˻̫ãûԹ뷨Ҳ򵥡²ˣʱҶ˵ҪȥҲûţȥȥɣЩһҲŪá
ҶҲûѣͷôȥˡ
˶߹ȻһȺ˾ڴ峤ңԺԺⶼմˣǴˡҲڣ峤˾Ժ˵ԶһƶƲҵġ
Ҷ߹ȥڸ峤˵¡˵ǽפļҪʮͷҪüµ׾͵ö
峤żϣϹݺᣬ˵ǸһΣȥҪһΣʮҪˡҪʮͷ˵ĸô׳οȥ˵жǻҶûͻ۴Ӷٹ¶ĸˡ
ﲻãɳͷӲĹ᣿פӪ֮£û취ҪԷҪ棬ͷ˱ֻܱˡЩ˵㣬˵˵ô峤˵
峤ϴקģֻܽдһȻȥ
һԸߣۼڴ峤Ժͷ˵ŻǴ£սҪġȥͷĽȻԸٳй¶ĸ᲻ΨһжȥϵҼһƺŴҲҪһ峤û취
ͱš
Ҷüͷֹܴ˹ʱץ׳һ˵ġʱ˿٣Դ㣬͢Ҫˣļ־ļ῿һЩǿֶȥץ˵شԵٽפ㣬ս³ԽʱǾȱ˵ġ
ÿÿļܹиƶȵİɣҶβƶȣû˵ĳļ
֣ҶλصʱѾѾ²˶ϴкˡ̧ͷɫػЩ졣Ҷ˵£ϳĬˡ
ϱﶼû˵ިĸֿĬŵҲҳ
ãϲŸɰͰ͵ЦЦ֪οԼǿοҶε¶Ӧֲۼҡʰˣ⣬ǱǼǵġļôļʰͷϡ
ɻ˵⣬ԼҲ˵ȥ߻ʵԶģСط˭ϵ˭Ҳ֮ˡıǾµȵˡ衵ڵȥ˰ű̧˭ܱ֤
ˣҿմ峤ô˵Ҷȹվ²˶ˣȥɡ
Ҳûʳʳˣһץʣ١ٳҲͦġͷ¶ûԶ١
Ҷճһ룬׼ʰʱҹɫ
һ˻ӡһҶϵãϺСɽһݵĳӡӴúᣬŴǸˡҶλؾһ񣬳ΪɩˡɽЩ˼ӺҲŻһϰ
Ҷգգ۾ɻؿ衡
衺ƢЦЦǲŴͷδ÷пɻз
Ȼеġֻһ˳ԡҶƳɽͳӣȥһ档ɽҩʣ٣Ҷλ˼²ͷ
ϴҶλͱŻʱֲ˵͸Ҷһȥ˺˵ðϰæ֣˾ں²˼ĻٶķæҹɫѾˡҶνװ¨ȥϴ֡
صʱɽǸѾˡڵϴһһŤͷ
ôˣضɫ
ިѱ˯ˣǽҶ¶˵ˡ
ļѳʵ׳Ҫòˣʮ֮˾Ż̯ͷϡҶһû˵ſô˵˭֪⻰ֻͷɫ赭ķ·һ¡ɵذϵʰˣתͷ˻ֻܿڣ¶˵ʲô¡
ôͲ¶˵ѾǾӣҶλڱѻȥϵˡǱҲԸأǲҪ̯ͷϣ
Ҵܹʮˣ˵˿ڲ٣
ۼҾʣһ硣ͷ䵽ͷϣȥǲȥ˲࣬Ǽʱ̡飬ûС˵⣬ϵЩԼýˡܸ峤ߵýЩָ˵˵飬ҪǱȥٳʲô£ިô죿
˵˵ЩһţͷѾ̯ܼͷϡ
ǰĸչ˵Ҳ
˵ʲôû취ⲻӽˡȢޣܸɣۼۿžҪúЩ¶
ֺݺݴһƣ˲Ҷλڣ񣬳ﲻĥʲô㿴ﶼˣӵӰûУТӣǴҪܼҵĺ󰡣㶼ʮˣȢģӶкü
¶ô˸䵽ϣ
ҶһžˣӲһԲ
˼ƳȴûнƳۺ޲һŵҶΣĵصֲ˵¶³̣ϲصġ
˵꣬źúŰϸá
֪˼û֮λӷѡӸɴˡӵĳ㲻СҲ볣˲ͬҲǳ̵ģʵ¡Ǿ仰ʱͬգҲûô໤Ϊǵǰͷ
ţϲͷҶ֣й
ҶԼʶΧе㲻ԣԥվ߹ͱϸס֡
һץ衣ҶεӲģ񾯸衣кӣҲôˡоôˣި²֪ꡣû£ܲܰި˵ÿǡʰ밲ģҹͰѷԲˡ
ҶΣ
ŵһ˲û뵽ֱӰ¶ơҶͷƤ飺绹ϰ̯˵춼ôˡûʱҪ㻹ǱˣȥЪϢ
̯²ʵڲȥ̯ҲС
ѵǿӲóѹˣǼгҵġǱҿôΣҲÿˡ˻Բ̫Ϲء
ҶΣ
һԲƽǳ
ϿоˡײĲᣡҶεֱ֡
ǵڹţתͷȥ޳һűˡΪ֪С籧һӽȥǲ̫ҲӲֻ۱ֻۡȻ˵˵ȰҪôͰţҪô˯ϣ
ҶοϱǴ±죬ڹ￴Ģ́ͷƳ衣΢̧üģʮΣʵ˵ļұȻҪȥġ
űӵϽŲһͣתͷ𾪵ؿ˵ʲô
פļս³Խȹ̣ս¡Ψһפͷ۵ģͨ·ϲⱵˡðһʮˣѾۼаˣʱٵפؼٵĲ·ļ˷һ˵
ʵ⻰˵ĺ衲Ը˵̫ס
ĸ֮о˵ҲСʲô֪ȷʵ̫谭
衿ҶΣ¶ҲϾҶޣɴѻҲ˵ڼ޹ǰ֪ܼǷ֮󡣷ĺҲ˵ܸǻܼ˲ܼͷȻı·ϴοЩ²Ǳܱܿ⡣
˵⻰۾ǿϣ˵ʲô
ļ²£פؾ¿߰վ͵ˡ衻㵽ΪֹиλΣĸҲعڷǡ
ѻ˵ˣҶľͷˡ
˵ʵҲһͻߺöٶǿȥģȻ̫ߵľְҲһ˵õȮ졣ȻҶ֪սܲпᣬе˶࣬ϾһǿݡΪĴӦûô
ôһ룬ϵĻְѱ
ȥ˯ɡҶαűӻݣ̯첻ˡ
Ŭ׬Ǯûġ
Ż˵ˣҶҲʲôԩѩϴԸĺӶ֮ͷҲ˵ûкӵġҶĶûǾͲˣٵÿϲ̸һ̸
Ѿ˯ˣߣܼž
ãҶοżɽ˽ǲŻµģ
⻰һڣɫҡҡͷɤصǣĸƸŵġĸ֮ý֮ԣ벻Żµ˵
ʲô˼Ҷüͷ
Ҫ㡣ĿƵϣûȥҶεҴδɣ·ܼҼҾΣǷ鷳Ҳܱ֤һմδɣһ·ܼߣҲܽװ׵ȫˡ
Ҷһٿ̧ͷ˫Ŀ̹˼Ҳװס
˵ʵڵģŮҪྩŴܵɭϡ翪ŵȴûôأѸ޶١Ҷòģ᲻˵׼ͬǶҶΣҶξֻˣֻߵס
衴ס۵׵ķâԼޡ
ҶοûһӵĻˮһһüͷĥ죬˼ڸ·ڸѡ
üһҶ졣
²ԺҲաеɫתҶα׼̣첻ˣЪϢɡ
һҶקסӡŤͷ
Ҫ˯µġҶȷʵûҪҪߵף˽϶ǲ˯ɱӡ
ҶվѴϵıӳܺĵ̺áȻ±ϴˮͰȥϴϴ걧±ӹ˽ȥҪ˯µġ
˵꣬۾˯ˡ
衣
뷨һٶҭ˵
СƬ̣ˮͰȥϴٻϵѾ˯ˡӲĵϣ衲ЩЦáҶϵǲЩ̫ˣ˯죿
һգûҶξ齵ʱСĲȵ۵ҹˡһۣҶεɵԲ۾
ĿԣҶĬĬջȣԲס˵ϻһˡڵϹģû°ɡ
衣û¡
ҶΡŶһٵش·ȥϴ
С衵һ뷨Ȼǽûƫƫ°ƣĸ׾ͿԴڽӴˡ


24 
ʰóţϺѾԺˡ
ҲˣԺҶ̧¯Ӱɫÿҹû˯áӵڽ̯˵ٶ໰Ҳ˵¹Ŀڣô²ȥƳҶκüֵۣյĻжϱģ¶ͶǸСү
衿ٵϴ߹ȥжӹȥһһϳȥϡ
յľ²˼ζʵ̫ޣ˻û־вͬе̷һŵһ˵ȻҪҲǣҲû˭ʩ̯ʵϵġͷļö²˼㣬һǮίʵ
ȷȥλðںù˻ѾΧһȦˡ
ٶıջճԵ˶˵ã˸ࡣסһ㣬ͷһһһʱˡ
̯ʱʣģȵһ̯㡣
ûˣҶЦҡҡͷһ㣬ˡ
һʮ졣
ǰһͷҶοȷʵúãٵϡҶζｫͭһһ飬ʮһ֮ࡣ۳ɱճҲ˶ʮ߰ϼʮҶû뵽̯´ʮ
С̯Ǯ
ӷҲ¶ܺ˼άӰ죬ҶܾǮžͲǮҸͶȥǮǮǮۼҵҵõء
Ȼû˼άŷҶεġôǮǶϱģȻ⣺ڱҵĵطõòһһӾ͡
⵹ǡԭսһţкöҲһٸɾ
طõصĶ࣬һԭ򣬶ҲȷʵսӰ졣Ͼ¶ţܸϣؿɲܲߡܼˣûһľ顣Ψһި롣׷Сƨɺܣ˵˳һ仰ǡպóա
Ҷüͷ˼ǮôãͷԺﺰˡ
ҴʮͷȻһ衡ͷǴ峤Ҷӣ衸Ͻȥ峤һˡҶθϱڷĸʲôʱû顣
ްȥһˡ¶˵ˣ֪ҲûñŸ
Ҷ룬һˡ
˵Щͷһؼ衡˵һסţܼλǰЩһֱǰѪ̧ʱͷһͷѪҲûʲôģ䲻һˣд峤ֺԺӶһ
ð죬˾ɲһ䣺ܼСӣ
ҡߵǵ¼ıǰ衣ʮš
ǱЩ㣬űʰ첻֪ô¡üͷģһͲֶ֪ôдҶԱ̲סͻ㽾ҵ㽣ȥ衵衡
⻰ûе¼ıֶôдŪࡣ
衲ؿҶΣģȫû뵽ҶλʫĲҲֻһ˲ŤͷƢظǲ㣬Խңϡ
ذѱʸ衣һ濴ˮһ湾棺һ
¼ᣬ˼׵ѡǾȻȥˣȺһȥפӪ
Ҷξ󣬴װٲҲûбġûǴļҪžÿһʰս³ԽʱʵǮҶҴİ
Ҳ̫ʽˡҶξէҲͷè塣
ЦЦ֪ʲô
ҶοģҲ֪˵Ҳʲ
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ˣӣǶҶ˵ġ
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ҪߣڼңֻҶκϼһިǿ϶ҵӴ湻˻ŲҵûӲŪҲȫ
ϲ˲֣ûסֵһ衡ҪߣҲ㣡
衺Ƣĸ׵š
һӶ˿ڣĸ׾ܷģʱùңȴȫȻһפӪԶġұվͬȥһ֪Ҳдʡʱտ鲻ܹҶݣҲȥѰ
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Ҷμװеĺˣ
ҽ÷衵Щ
಻ҶνٷѡҶҪĵǼӣǵ᲻ܵӰ졣Ƿиǿ׳ڣ¡
Ѷ£衾˵³ȥһˡǲ
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²˼Ŀǰǲͣ
衳ˣŲ˾ͺۿҶҲ֪ôȰĬĬظ˻ȥﻻȥϡͣȻö˻
ϵţҶνȥתһȦЩˡջصңҶ཭ˡ
ˡҶȥŵݵҶɽУдһĻҶɽ˵ЩŮĸһӡҲֻޡҶҲͻҶ֡Ҷ཭Ѱ÷Ԥ¶һ
ҶθϽ¶ȥˡϸ׷ҶΣҪʰл
ءҶȥֱ˵Լܴá
˴ҴҸȥҶϵĿԶüָָ㣬ڿ֡ǸսӾҶ÷Ҷ̧ͷҶξ͸ĹƵġһӵŮƢҶһӲġϻҶһξͽҶϱͻңȻָ˵
ҶϳһҩĺЩݣˡ
ҶϹڵϸҶɽϴԱ߼СҲڿޣүһǸС첻˵պţһͰơ
ô˵Ҷαķϻ˵ֱֱӵҶɽ
ҶɽŶӵţȻеġôĲ̡ҶһӾ֪ʲôǰˣӽǺҶνϵһ飬еˣԼ֣ܿҶɽǸѪƢġ
ȻѾд飬ԥʲô
Ҷ߹ȥõҶ཭ǰ˵ֱӰҶ཭ԥƬ̣ҧˣҶϽԼʶֲϵĻˡ
Ҷһ˫۾ɵѪ죬ģ޲ðôҾĲź㾳ءҶϰûΪԼºڣ˱СҶùãͷҿҶҵĴŮǳݺҶһ¡
Ǹˣ㺦
ҶҴŮŪҶκЦվȡӼƽϣŤͷѾͷԶҪ˵ʲôҶӲ֪ô˫ճˡ
ԴԺһγţһӿɰҶɽ˲ӻȿޣϽҶҲŵףƿҶõ־ȥҶӡӸСӱȻСҪҶɽ۵׵Ӷʱۣôˣ
ҶܹˣֶһߣһҶ϶ҶϷͷȥʱҶ¶û˼Թ԰ָŷҶεССҲߣ
ҶңƢǲãϵֲҪҲգۼұĶûУǣ
仰һѪشҶɽϣԥ˼һӶඥɲǣҶұûУǶࡣĸҶȢޣӻСˡò˵Ҷɽ˼ǵҶӣҶɽʲô
ҶӵĻһųҶϾôҲûá
ҶҴŮˣ۾򵹵ϴǸŮҶɽ᲻ӣŮǺá¾һ֣Ҷ཭ͼӣҶĸŮ˳ȥ󷿵СҪޣһ̧ͷС壬νɤۡ
᲻ɸߡҶһ˫۾ĿȺ޿ֶҶҲȱǼڽӴԹܻǡ
⻰һ˵ǼС޶ҿˡԴһԲ
ҶӿǺʧ⼸һ㲻硣
Ҷϵ¶ҶɽҶ཭ȥһˡǰŮΪ˽Ů˭֪ŮûһģȻûǸŮлݡ
ҶҲ¶ŪߡƳҶӵȣûס˵һ䣺ȣǴؽӣվ
Ҷٿ̧ͷҶΣҶγ˳ǣͷȻվ
ĿԣҶӵϷų˹⡣
ҶԼʥĸģ²˵˾ҪߡҶû˵ҶѾߵԺͷڰϵͷԼȣ˼ˡ
ҶׯҴ岻Զ߼·͵ˡ
Ҷγӵʱڼл¾ôЩҳ̼㹷¶Ҷҵ¶ڲãü˵Ļиϸŵͷпֱ˵жĥҶϵĺĸԼĪ¸ɶˣǰЩʱ˷ֳǰͷС֣ζһɶⱲǶ޲ȥˡ
˵ĲСҶ߹պü
صңһԺæިСżϴҶθսݣͼ衱һֻҲСȮСһŤŤȥġҶȥһѻҧˡ
߽衹ЦЦָŪСĶ⣬סɫͷץģԺ
ʲôҶδչơ
û˵ֻСҶλСι


25 
Ҷαϲèģֻϱӿڹ̫æûϾèС͸һ˾͵ø𡣴ʱߣСĶ⣬һĸо
ҲӹźڲСҲе۲ϵǾʱһֻͨѩ׵Ĳ˹èϧСèԴͲˡʱҶλС۲Ѳ㱻ҧָͷҶθȡʲô
Ҷμ䲻óȡôһʣӶǳԵģձ
ϣ᲻̫ˣ
˿衣ǺЦУе˳ڱɡ
ҶĿϣ֪ΪЩ۵׵Ĺ˸Ƭƿüͷ£С˸΢㡣
ò˵ϿڣͲިһԡިСӹСֱȡúá衿ЦãҲûԣƽʣ̿ԸЩСû̡
Ҷξ˵ֲһζСȥҨˡ
ԼĪ黹û꣬СͻֳȥˡҲûֻ˻˵ϿıӰԶȥŤͷ۶ǽǸι̵ҶΣ̾˿ܾãӶԼ˼û˵ǰӶģϾӶһ仰˵ġ
Ƕﰡ
һ˼򵥵س˵㣬ֿʼæ
һ¾²˼׬˲Ǯϲûֹ²˱ģըܲϺŪը²˺ӡҲǸ绹ģ¶һءζ࣬Ҳ㡣Ͼ˭Ҷôֱʣ÷żۡ
᲻÷źöǮûȫӾľ˶ɵӡһȥģֻʣҶθը²˺ӵϺ⻹ĺ
żǸ̯ӵ½½Ҳڿ¶üûš
Ҷβùܱ˼ҵ£һұǰθáǸϲùҹˣ䲻ϲһʮļƻͨҲܻӰ˼ΣͷⲻͣĥѰ·׬Ǯÿ¼ʮĽҶεĿ꣬˵ʵʵһӰС̯
·ҶδһͶˡӣҶô᲻˼
һǻҶȥ֬תһȦСطһ֬ӡͷ֬ˮۣûҵӵƵϴƷȻյĹгȱ̫ˡʵڽҶμȻô̻׿ǲܵģҲΪԼ˽ġ֪ĴôܾԼÿձķɳʱѬ˶˲١
벻аôȥʮϵòӣʱŮӻڲҶξܡɲʮ˪
־Ҫʮˣ
˼ڡǧмعһ仰ʮѩʮ֬Ҷβ֪˵ûпŵĳɷ֣˵ùŷкôġ
һܳ۹ա
˼ȥҶοû£ȥһ࣬趹ԡΪζЩôӦŪЩĥɵۡ
ҶΰЩŪھʰϻΪҪĥЩϡĳʳŲӿƽﲻţЩ˵ϾҪôڼҲϴҪô廨ʱȢϱӲŹĺӡ
Ҫϰڶʣ粻Ūʱһһ濴Ҷæ
ĥʲô³ʳôÿյͷһ죬۰ͰͿҶŪ˸ֺҲǰӶˡ
ϾӶˣⱲĶʲôܻ棿ֻҶĲóԡ
ǡҶû뵽ϸ˿ʲôóԵġȥﻻɻѣȽѪϴɾٽ֬;ȫȥϴõӡӣϴһ
⻰˵廨һͣ۾һ¶
ҲŮӣʮѡŮӰΣҲⲻסԲ𷹵ʱȻЩﶼܳˣȻҲʰԼӰ
ᡣҶʵֻŪһأǿ̳Ūģֻ
ȻҶ˵նϻϣС괦Ҷθʲôʲô϶ϱѾʮŵġ
չ첲ᣬɫʱͱˡ˵ҶβãһҲżԼζϾҶԡϴ㱹࣬ղԡһʮ²ϴһط˶ԡϴͷһֱûԸࡣ
ҰЩӺԸĥɷۡ
趹ֳƶмκϱʱһֹݳƷйءⶫɣŴһģѬƣͨҲͼһϡջҶѬƵ̶ӡõúȥз֮մ
Ҷ򵥵һ֣Ϊ˱ζۡ
ϽӹȥøСƶͿʼĥɻˣ־Ҳˡĥ²Ƭ̾ĥá
ӵƷͦ򵥣ദɾӻӽĥɺ״ĥмһЩɰǣ̼ƻ߲ľһУĥԽϸƷԽá
̼ȴĿǰûУҶε֪̼ƵĻѧʽûʵ龭鲻Ҹ㡣ֻŪľңⶫСոͺö࣬ȥ̨ͷ͡Ҷþȫ飬ϺިȣͶһʲôܰæġҶȥ͵ľ
ľҺٵһ飬ҶΰԼϵζĶӽȥоȵĻϡһ߿ɷס˵£ҪĶͦġ
ȻأΪϵҲ̣ͷôŪ
Ҷε붹ָۣһ顣һ ҶҲŪʲô̶Ȳã͹ŪŪ꿴ϡõĶûסܵһŻ
Ҳˣճ嵽ſھ͸˽ŵײһ
֪ѾҶҲû뵽һôȥˡ衿Ϊʲô£æĶһӣ˼˸§
ŶæԴƫһߣ衲ʣô˼
ϵĿڱĵĶţԺ˯Сһ໵̽СҶκôΣԼԼŻˡ
һĨޱ飺û£๫ˣ
š衵ͷı飬ʲô̧۲ȻĸĿԡ΢΢һɿҶμ֣п
Ťͷһ˿쿴һܻӡ
ɫɫ̧һֻؽŷ˶Сӳ嵽ű߷ҧȣҡͷԵûЬСߵԶһ㡣
СڵϹһȦ̳ԵĶ̫̫̣ȥͷҶһյġӡصڵСȳҵţСŤŤľϽ۵ذСӡ㣬ҵζ
˲俴ȥ
Ҷľ˵һߣ·ղǾ仰űӡʱҶηֵҰɽҰõġǼЦ๫ȴλȥɡȥ׼Щˮ
˵꣬Ӿͻغ
Ūˮʱ˳ٸ˯ѵĹι̡
衣
Ѿʰ˶վ߹к
˿ĺѣ衱ȥڻأʱԤϵʱ硣ҶҲƵò࣬Ͳһ״õͨھȻɹ
ܼҵĵض󣬾СݼһСпҲֻ˵ܲȥ˷޵Ҷαʱһ̶õСģ̶óɳﲻԺҶδӲϿһˣȻطǡ
ʢ˼˵ݣҶαкϹЩõӸɷ״
һüͷֱ壬ò˵ָоˡҶҲӲͷƤ˷ɿʮ飬ȫˡҶøľ̰Ѷһһȥõﴰɹ
Ūϴϴ֣һ˳һ̶Ҷα㿪ʼ׼
衾ʹкҶγʱҲʳġѾʳóھҶθôʰҶҲ࣬һӷ廨⣬ࡣݿ;²˻ûҲЩ·˶ˣȲˡ۲ˣҶζЩ
ϻ˳㣬ҶһմúãҲ㡣
ɱ£ȻҶβûð鳰ǵ̫Ѫȣûǽһиʵڡ
衱һЦп˻ڵȣٶȵظŪ˳ɾ۰ɾ㸹ǻĺĤ˳ְæҰҲƤëǶò񻰣֮ϵ΢Ц˶ҪΪʲô¶Щ˹ھ߾֡
̧ҶһĪؿʱü۴Цôˣ
ҶЦе๫ֺȰɣ
Щ⣬Ǻܺ˵пɡ
û£ҪȻûɣЧӦòࡣҶνǰӵǸ˹
衵ͷմ˺裬̧
Ҷץһָֻ֣ϹһȦ޳ȵָմĶ򴽣
ϴֿҶ۾ģŬס˷ܱһ
衰Űɵȥϴ֣ϴ顣
ҶκȻչץһ¡衵ֱŵ˲һ½ӲˡһվšҶȷ飬ųҡĹԡ۽޾Ҳһ£ЦɤҲ˺ܶ࣬Ȱķ绹᣺ôˣ
ҶξֵǼ⣬Լţţ㲻㣡
ᵽһɹ𻨵ζ嵭ġ
ЧǲġҶǿһһ磬֪ЧصͷƳɹۼҾһǮ·ˣ
衴ָ飬æ
԰ҶαľĶˮ֪Чˣ׼֮ϴѡϴ֮ǰҲݣﾡãǼҲ̯ܿ
衺£šһ
ҶξѾľˡ
ӰƬָ̣⣬ȷʵһɹζˮֻصݣ˵𻰡⼸ˣһϻ޹ɽһĺϻ֪֣Ҷز֪й
ò˵ֽҶ㶣ʵϣԭľǵòϸֻǵøߣжʵǲġôе졣һǸѪͳľų׳
ø׳衻Ҫ߰ͷһͷƲӣеӵ˼˼ҲӣиѼǵֽͼҶһ⼸˾֪ٷӵ׳һ˾ܳһҵķ
⻹ˣЩǲԡ˵Ǯȥ꿴
Ҷ˸⣬۶㡣ҰһɽĢȲ˸س۲е˿һ̡²ԣҶȥȥԺһӾ²ˣһ̵ľ²˳˳һʮɡ
ϻȻʲôû򵽣һ㣬رмصһ̳ơ
߲˶ҲˡҶһʣµĶŮӲĶϰҶιء˶࣬ȾƣһָֻܳЩиˡҶθϴިɴںԺ֧һҲ
ŷҶξͽղϴֵ¶˵ˡ
Ҳϲˣˣ
šҶαֻԣû뵽һγɹԼøƷȥ£ȵȸ߰տӳԺΡ಻ԡ
ȣҶε񶼿Źˡסͷõȵȿ
ŶҪͷϣʱ⹣ĿڵĶࡣ˶㣬ͷûģȻ塣˱ͷһԼ
ﰡ˵öʲôλʣϻʱɳϱŵġϱިǰѲȥˡʱϱְģֻץͷϴõСģļǵãϸ˵˵
ҶʵҲǺȥ֬ʱûƼӡͨ趹ǰһοضǵĶ࣬ӵ١
۽Щϼ˶࣬Ҳųʮ顣ҶγƬ̣æһ磬۵ᱳʹ˹ҲȥĻο֬֬ˮ۵ļλҪĺһ㣬һһӦİɣ
ҶҲǺȷۣûõ
룬ֵⶫǲذգץ̶ӡ̶ЩȥĻ߻׬һʡ
ϡǵҹõӣλɲֹһҹõĶõĶ࣬Ȼͬͨģƽá
ٿһӾȥ
ϱ˳극ЪƬ̻ȥӡܲΪһӾͶ˸ȫָű̯Ľ
֪衸̸ʲô£ԼĪʱ򣬽Ҷ϶ȥ˵˵
кüʲô¾ѰҡܰҶ߾ܡɽֵܺͰͼֵܶʰ飬ǲÿС
ҶȻڵĸлԾƳԵͨ죬İֱ˸ˡ
ϽϵĲиʰɾһԳ˼ɶ࿴ۡ΢أɫģ̧ͷҶΡ
Ҷûע⣬תȥ⡣
ҶȥĹӱСĵذŪԼĴߡ
̾˿ʰ궫͸ҶһȥŪıæһʵЩۣǮ¶ҲҪɣҶ絷ЩӰѸ첲Ūˡ룬ܽ׳ࡣ£Ƶ̧ͷҶŷ˲ԡ
衺ԾƳԶˣеˡ
ҶβģҲøɻԴյǰǵʲô𣿡
衣ʰ
ţ֪Լ˭Ҷεͷķʿ伸Σ˽ô֮Ķ
ʣʵͼذʵûסã۵ϸϸȫЦ⡣˸ͷŰƿһ㣬Ц˵˵գҸʲô
Ҷһûлţ˾ӵ档


26 
ߵҹɫڳ׵ֻʣ³
յú͵ƣƻҡΣյСĿռõġ
衹Щ΢ո˵ı졣ޣһ׺ô䵭鵹ǿҶĬĬһپչȻĺָʹɻǺЦٺÿʲôãҲúÿҪɻ
ҶָʹһͰ棬һԲظŸɣɵ
Ҷһ濴һֹƷ˾ƲƷ衣衸һ£ҶƳһۣѴ˶ʮĲ
̧ؿʱüͷһҶЦеص๫Ҹ첲ۣҲˡ
衣ô죿ȻǸɻ
ʵܿģѵƴɢ˾á衼¾ʹ˵ݻҵ淢ĹһԸ̻ҶȻس
ճ극ʵ⼦ζʵ̫ˣ
ިϲȥ˯۰Ͱ͵ظҶεƨɺתơҶμõۼһС˵θԡ
̻֮У۽޻գƳŮǰǼ⾧ӨĺˮԼĪЩˣĿЩƲסŮ촽Ƴ
Ҷæأûĵ޵ߡʱ䣬ҪϽȥ˯Ϊ˽мŪ辮ˮװĲŵˮšȳתˮϽкõľ²˹
ת˲䣬գգ۾رԾվѾõŶ
ҶЦһȻɻ
ŪˣϾʹ̨ѹϴˡһ˶Ҫˮ˳һˮ̨ԱǶȥ޶װˮ˰ʹһһʼæҲܰһһͬʱһʱͰˡ
ԼʮƽһЩ
Ҷ̧ɫѾҹ
ˣվôЩɡæһ춼ˣҶ۵ĿˣЩϴȥ˯ިѾ˯ˣȥϴɡҸ๫ʰһ¡
ʵҲ۵ĹǺͷިͻݡ
Ҷνưŵһﵹˮջײһǽ̧ͷ衸һվſڡҶαȥԱһãͷĿⲻˡ˫۾ֱضҶεͷ˿ûճ̧գҲûʲô
㿴ʲôҶαýš
˭֪˸Ƶģôֱ㶵ضš
ʵ˵ÿִŵĶţǸŮӶȡҶεղʱƿߡȻֱ㶵Խȥ
ߵſʱһӡ
Ҷκ֪ʶһ£һˣôûѾơ
գҶе߳ܣȻ㱻һƹˡ룬ɿذѶϴɾڻȥҶξںϴˡ
صʱһƬ
Ǳߵǻŵƣݳ¹ֻʣСֻ͵۾Ҷΰú͵ƷŵϣȥŪһ̻˯໽еĵԡ
Եһ룬һͷԽ
ҶӵëСɾŻ˯ۻݡЬڴϣҶβźݺݸԼһƣڷﲻԡ˲Ӧ˯ôĴϣ˯
Ҷεɴ۾̧Ʊڴˡ˯øƵģû˼
ʲô˼˯
ɣ
гŮ˯϶ӲõģŮӵӹѳáҪ绵ˣҪδ˥ġΪƾͿ˯Ĵ붼Ҫ룡
ҶһЬϴһߡץ˵ĸ첲Ա£ֻ̫أŵ˿ҶСƢⲻ͸ˣһ߳һƣѣѣ๫˯ضˣ˯ҵĴ۾
ƵüͷǱͷۣһ۾ĿҶεĳģ֪ʲôȻֹסҶεĲӣȻҶεݵ͸Ƶ׹С˵ĸ첲ǯƵĿϣˡ
ҶΣ
ϢΧҶεͣ
ȷӦͿʼֽͼѡо仰ʲôƵƷʲô¶ɵóҶεСˮ㱻ϲ˵˾Ȼջۣͷ쵽˶ӦһĴϡ
ѵˮ֮롣ôҶεһը
ˣľ˻ķҲӦֱӰϵú͵Ƹ
ڰһ˲ҶεʱΪԼ۵ǣ͹Լ˯µĹĺѾƽȡڰУһ˫۾
衵ͷŻ˯գãһַ̧Լüġ
ˮ£ȻİѼ§ˡû˼־ȥˡ
ŷ˫ĴУ㣬ĬĬɿ˻еˡŵ˴ȥԱ߰ѱȡ
ڵ˸齣˯ȥ
գǱϢĸоġ˲۾ϵСߴļءľŤͷȥȻҶεġӡС֪ϣ
ջصСһһ£һɳƵŮͻأ𣺡๫۵Ķʲô
衵Դָһ̧ͣһ˫ĵ۾
۵Ķ
ƺҶһ㲻ģҲǶӰ
衣
˶٣ԼĪʵǲ֪ôءѡ񻻸⣺˵ѵԺ𣿡
У㻹ôСô棿Ҷͷ˸ǷΪǷһ˫۾ɵĶỨ΢ĹɫսݣϵŮĵڷɢ˫磬Ե˸ϸҪǱŵô죿ҪǱҰèô죿
ǡ
Ȼ⻰û˵˵˼ＸŮ˲ˡ򴽣ѻʻȥǣܷܲȥѾͰԴ桭
ôˣԴˣֻҶ̲סЦ
衣
Ŀԣ衿ЦáҲ̫ˡ
糿ʱúܣҶι衼Ʒ¾ôȥˡҲϰˣֱӻѴóԺӣϺڵˡϹۺûҶϺȽԼٵϴþȥᶫ
衶ĸѹȶţſٵȥϴ
˸һ졣ϵǲͬûż˽ˡǵıȽ磬ûƤûռʩ̯̯·ߡ
˵·߸ͷſڲһ·ڵġҶγ̯λ⼸û仰˵ЩͶʩ̯ǡԾ²˼ϰԵعȻǼֻ˼̯ӣպҲ²˼ġ
ȻЩ̯ӵͲŤͷߡҲвͼʡ¶ĸɴ̯ˡպ̯ı۸͡˵²˼ζѳҲѳԵĶȥ
ҶԶԶŴɤں͵żˣЦƳһۣԸϺţϵ¹εһߣǸλеƫҲ˳롣Ŷȥٰ̨Ļˡ
ĪҪ衴ɫصɡ


27 
̯ķλˣٶЩӰ졣
Щϰȥʩ̯ϷλûԭҵǣΪǽû̯⡣ںζõĶʵıȱҺãճԵġ˵ͦ۵ģ̨Աһվ׻Ǳ˵̯ӻ۾
һЩ¹̯λһռʩ̯Ļʩ̯еΪ󵽡ܼҸŵλϵúãеλþһֱû
ͷûѧܼҸ˵ͳʳи󵽣ܼռ˾ܼҵġ
ٶżҵһ̯ʱҲƽࡣ
ҶĿڱһһζĵһû¶ЦûôԵԼⲻ׼˺ûռȵġͷżƺͷ͸ҪƤʩ̯ĺռ̯λǼӦ
⣬ҶθɴŪ˸ӡһ͹̯λǰ
СУС̷ǰ̯ռ洦һţվߺȡǰʩ̯Ҳһһ˸ߵ¯ϴȫζˡ̯λæʱǹͷģͷȥ治̫ۡ
ҶŪõ鲼ɫͷֶдġǵ̯λǶֻҪøӸ߸ߵ깶Զܿ
ȻһŪָ·Чġ˲ʶ֣۾һ˼˵ĶڣȺ￴̯λ˴ʱҲһۿӣ˳ŷλҵʩ̯
ò˵ҶŪһǼЧǽżÿհҹռȵС˼ùʳⶫ¼µġĺóԾĺóԣ۸ѹٵҲܷ϶Ĳʮգʩֺ̯˻
¶ǸҶ˸ѣ²˼ٺóҲһƷĵһܵ䶯Ӱ죬ҶĥǲǸüһĳʳ
ٶôʲô֮ǰҪȥʰʰȥפӪ
ò̫ԶҶθϱ׼һȥʵڲģ˵פҲҪһȥ㰲ġҶδطСûӣһһϼƣϺţ͡ûܸɽһߡ
ЩΣҲϵǵ˼˳ȥ
ʱҶԥҪҪǮ
˰ܵĶҪġ£ûӾǲӿ֡Ҷͭ壬һһ̲סŤͷӵˡʱддģ˼ҹǰѱ߷ͼˡ
ҶγճһۣûͦϸСʮɳأκ
⼸ʮҡѾаʮĴǰ衵ʯĶʮͳһĴӦϸԣ˼ҡҶһͭҵ죬˶ʮɢǮƵǰ
ӳƤӵ£æȻע⵽衵մմ̧ͷ
๫ЩǸģߵʱšҶȻûҪҪߵףĿǰ˵ǲɢġҶңȻþıȫ衡
˵ӪƽܲܳܳٲͬųԾƵʱ򡣡Ҷε۾ǳ壬Ż۾Ծԡ
һҶεЩ˹ǣбʸ¡׼ãͼҶζӵüֲŪһӻȥǰʮ
̧ͷֱ׳Цʮ̫ˣ˵ᱻԩͷʮá
衣
͸ȥפأͣЪҵһա˵粻𣬵Ҷο˿ɫ˸ǷҲ׼ЪϢˡ˵ŴԺҶεҹèϢ˹Ȼ˸ĲϰΪ̫࣬ʺĵطϢͽˡ
粻ѵУһ˳극ϴ
ʰңҶվ
תһȦһֱһֲʼ˼Ŵ׵ĲǮλѾȫˡйӵĸҶβ֪ǿؾᱻӸҵ򡣱Ķãǹӵʵ̫ɧһӰ
ôҲðѶڸߴסҶλܣ˳ӵǽ˷
Ҷΰӷŵߣ衰ͷתȥȻŽżԱߵĸϷš˸ʹ
æ˰ڰȥҶְѰʰῪϾع۲һܣĿ֮ǿġ
صͷˣ׼˯
ĬĬذͷŤĿһɨڱ䵽ҶµϡĬĬط±վ޳αյӰӾ޴ȣ˹ߵҶεߡȻҶβ̧ͷ֣ôһһɱ
ĿԣҶλһ
ȿ˿ֿ˿Լ̧ͷٿ˿ӵĵض
ʮ𾪣
ָľϵͷҶνѵı顣ʹƽǾôλεع
ʲôӽǿ˲𰡣Ҷζģǵͨ졣
Ȼʲôӽǿ衸ϽЦ֪ʶȤûǻضذɣ
ҶһߵǮӣž˴ϡȻһ仰˵ЬһɾӸϣҪܣ˯
ӲıӰЦãźȻڣÿջȥҰɣòԶţձܵ
ǱӰӲͦţһ
衼˵Ӫʳܲ͵Сʳ£
ʵڲУͼϴҲɡ
ҶΣ
ҹž̾˿ĵģ˯ô
ͣ
Ҷηһ˫۾ģû˯üͷ˯
۽䣬˵ͷתͷȥѱ챧̵ϡΪ衵ǿҪѾŲĽǱߡ̺˱£˵Ʊ˯ˡ
Ժʰިǣ̫ң˵㶫͹ȥչһաסý̫ҶεĹϵãϽҲ˵ϻ
ϰ͹ȥ̫һھʹӦˡ
жȻؽ硣𷱻˿ڣȴǿࡣפӪڶıٲҲֱϮǱߡפӪֻͨ۱ֻ۵ģҲƵƤӵ¡Ǳ߲˵ţӰֵ࣬Ȼ
Ҷαϥջصݶ塣ãú档˵Ǳ࣬˽Ҳ
ŹǷɻϣҶκرһһεġ
һںͷɽϺһһҵڳԯϡһ·Сɽ˵˻󲿷ʱ˼żܵĿ⼸䵽Ҷεϡһ߶߶ע⵽ɫвɶ˼ɫ
ǵפصʱѹʱٸļı½Ӫصſм˰ľţϰڷźÿ˵˶Ҫȥ֡
ɽһСţһͣŰȥվһȥȡ
衶Ҳࡣ⼸ռӼЩڳĵѣһ⴩ĳһѾеӺԼͼĶʲôҲûд
˳кŰȥ֡
ӪԵվãǽȥֻ濴šפشӪͦô£ŵĲͷҶԱ߸ƣӪظȻũȺġҲ˵פıҪ̣˻ũ
־͵ýȥˣſڵЯĶûпɵҪȥӪַҶûʲôҪ衺һĽ
꣬Ǳ㲻ȥˡٽȥ֮ǰֿһҶΡ
Ҷգգ۾˿վС
仰˲صͷ
ߵüȥ㲻ôˡҶθ϶ûϱҶεСˡŵط궼ûҶθɴһߡ
˿ڶ࣬ؽ̷ֽţͷʲôʽ˶СϺţϱڴϵҲôľսҶһҵһҵؿȥֶʳĵ˺ܶࡣľң⣬ţġ
ҶѵóһˣȥԸʡϺһһҿʮֺʳ
Ҫƽţ⣬ƽ⣬زˡҺȾƣҪ档Ϻ˼ԣҶֱǼһϺչˣһٲʲô
ôһ˵Ϻ㵹Ҳƴǣų˵㡣ò˵ⶫһھ֪û˵ĺܺʳƲ˳ûҶĲ˺óԡţ⽴ָ̣Ȿ¾Ʋ˲㡣Ҳ˵ѳԣǳܾøɡ
ͷӾûز˸ʿڡ
Ҷγ˼ڣƳʱʱҪʳͣﵹ˸뷨Ҫ˵¾ƲˣʵͷúҲʮ¾ơңҶλĻ±ͷ
±Ĺ㹻ۣ쵶гɱƬļ飬Ū±֭ȥر¾ơ
ֻһʳ꣬ϵţĿ죬Ҷűţÿضǲ綼ˡҶεû뿪꣬˵ɱҳԼҳǿԵģǲյĹ˼̶ϡ
±ͷĻҪ࣬һ±ͷгɱƬű
뷨ҶγƬ̣ûȥԿٸᡣ˿ٳһ٣ڽϹ˹䡣ϵׯͲׯң֬ˮ۵Ҳҡ
ҶƵҲˣϴϴģġ
Ҷξ֬תơ֬ӵģƷֲͦڣûҶƵǸÿţζҲ㡣ͨӣ֮ܳΪӣһ˵ζ
֣ϸҶζһۣ۾
˵˼һȥӻҶŪã¼۸һӳͷҲ˵ǸҪһȫóȥģָⲻӺĶࡣ
ⶫ𿴲ۣϴϴָɾأ֬ӵСΧӴתƤصⶫǽλԭ˼ҲõõľλҪһһ飿ǶһĻ۵ܸĨͷ
ˣӦЩģֻ㿴ֻкȥ
ǿ˿ӣֿ˿֬֬ۡǿЩʱ֪ޣ۵ɫһɼٰ׵ġ֬Ϳ֬Ƕ˼ɫ̫ÿ
֬ҵ֪Ʒ촽̴ڡ筴ڴ㣬ƷҲһ̫ˣȷʵҡҲǻױˣྩĹ˭ױ㣿ҹŮױһױױϼױױȵױݶЩ֬ˮ۸벻ϵۡ˼۱㲻ˣҶγ
Ҷĵü֮ЩɫǴˡ룬ָɴ˵⾭
ԼǱҶθϴˣҲ˵ͼֵػ̣ΪľҺڡܽһ˻Ǹó·ʰפأʣһިͻǵ
һᵽ⾭Ͳ۵ˣǲǸü֬
⻹ûȥʱȥʡҶαԼۣĳʳ̯Ӷе㲻ɡ˵ͻȺҲһı˵ֵĲں򼸸ѵ˵򼸸ôôһ룬Լ۱ˣֻǼ
еǵˣֻһ֬ӣ˸һҼ޶ңǻᱻѹۡ
Ȼ֪ⲻ˵˵ģοҶΣ¿ͷѣ۵һ·ȵˣ·ȻߡеǾ㲻ʶˡ
ҶεȻżǮеġ
Ϲ˺һӣȥĴϣһ˾Ϻϳͻȥˡ
˵ҴʱպðިһûĸѾҿءţĶȾԺܡϿæ°˸Ҷһ͵ңлл̫չ˺ӡ
Ķ˳ֵ¡ި԰̫ƽʱһڼҲµи֡˵ҶοϺƢſҲ⣬˻ˣ
˵ţ̫ظҶʹɫ
ҶЦЦָ䡣Ϻȥչӱϻ˼ҡ
ԺѾܵ÷ɿˡһҶΣͣ໽СȻСƨһŤָͲƵű߳塣ҶθСȥŷ֣ʳͿˡһĳʳȴûŵһȫԹˡ
㳤úܿ죬µĹѾһȦΪҶãιĶǺö˼ҿŻԺĹԵʣԵ跹Ȼÿ졣
ôôܳԣСǶŪһ˵ģϵҲû˼ֻԼިǰ꣬еֹۼҵӺգŵĻСֻжķݶ
ҶθϽҨһựСһѾǸʳ̵ĳԡԵֻȷҶ̲סЦ˵꼢ģۻÿأ
Сʱ˵һ˶ÿвƤǿһϹһֻèɽҧҰץȸġϹʮȥ󲮻ϼȥҶû󼢻Сʱö࣬èèͶ˺ܶġ
һ㣬Ҷȥóһ衴ߣʣʮĿ顣
Ҷĥһ飬һ飬鵱áʣµʮȥϵ֬Ӽǲ֪ⶫҪһ֬ղգ


28 
һ磬Ҷα̧ϱ͹ֽհõʮװ¨һӡ
ȥפأûҶ⣬Ȼù
һǴ֣ΪҶεİȫԽԽˣԵúƤӸ׾ֲ¶ڲסޡ̫ˡިȥ˸̫УտһܼӵģŪ˼ѴԺļźʹġ
˴ʱϺţϣҶΰԼ±ͷͷű¶˵ˡ
óȥôҶεľҶͻȻЩ棬߳ţĶ࣬ͷȶǲ̫
ҶȻ֪ġһλãһ˾۾ڴˡҲǺ˵Ļ塣ǲġԭ˵ࣺ˵ڽ˵սܵĻܹĶݣҲ˵ⲻ࣬ꡣ
֮ǲ⣬մմ
ͷ֮ǰҶҲǹϰ׵⡣ϸһ룬ʵ̫塣ֻûҲȷʵвѪǺ塣ţΪǵλúͻ͵ģúҲԵġ
£ͷֻܳãܳԼҲܳԡҶĥͷʱ뵽⣬ϵһҲûɥ
ͺáϲҶ³ʳûյ£⣬ҪЩźáʰڣƵ£ơ
Ҷζ˼ţѹŲݵߵ֨֨۵졣
̧ͷ죬ѾǴˡ糤ҹ̵ʱһ¶Ⱦͽ峿ıɢȥ¶ˮմʪߴĲľﴵգ˾Ŀ˵ʵڵģ಻㣬ֻҪ˫㹻ԼǺܳġ
һյʱѾǰҶβִٵ˷ӱæԺǼƬ²˶Ҫ̫ţһԼֻᷢһ磬ð÷ǳ졣ϻѣҴȥһϴɾҶ˼ʱЩϣҲİ
Դʩ̯ĻŪ̯ӵ˾Ͷˡʳ̯ǰЩʱֶһңɺϵúܣ˻ǰ幤ǰֹʲôǮԴ˵ܼҸöԣȻǰ̯ǮˣͶµûš
ƾʲôܼԭȶƾʲô
Դ巿ǹûŻɣշŻţⲻۿϱ˼ȻͻˡܼʹҶΣһƤҶӵڶôġ
Ҷβʹɤŵĳ£ֱҶСһסţʸӶ̡
ұ˵Ǳ˼Էգ˾ͲʡʵںЦһͭ岻þѧգûʳųݸơҶεͷˡ¶ССĳһﱻŵָ̫ɣһͨͷˣҲŪ˸̯⡣
ҲѧҶΣѧĲǱС̯ļơ
֪ôŪ˿鲼Ҳ˸Ļ̯ӵſڡǰǸһ巿廨ѵģⶫѧһģһɫʽʩ̯ĻӴƫ˻ԹܼҵıһƹҶôڶⶫҶõģñôȴڶô
Ŵģиͷܶĵطװ࣬ȻеԺοʶֵ̫ˣôһŪеԼζ
һѧˣѧˣƫѲ
һ磬ʩ̯֧˺Ҷô֧̯ӡҶԭûע⣬һǲĻһ£̯ӣ
ɲǣͱΪ̫Ҳ֧̯ӣǱҲʩ̯
æͷĶ͹ȥơ˻ˡ
һϧ࣬չһƽռҵı˶û˵ֻ۱ֻ۵ġ˭֪˰㲻壬ۼҵҲ߯ѿ
ظһһģʵˡ
ƢסˣҪסҶΰƢѾ¯ˣˢϡʮȥһζɢæϽӷֱˡ˲һãſھͿʼ߹·ĴӴֻһҵʩ̯ûж̯ӵġƣɱŶ
ҶεɤöһɤӺȥܴԶ
ŤͷϵǻعѾǵһ ˣҲͦĨÿӵġſѧҶεĻ
ʩ̯ϰ̯£óǹϵġղǱ˳˾ζԣֹءһɤſɰǸˡð˼ʩ̯ľ²˼أζŪòײģ²ͷҲ٣ȴҪһļ۸ĺڣ
Ҳ˵ҵһ ̯Ū¶ֶˣֹֻ˰ѳζԵĻ˵ͷ˶׷׵ͷҶߡ
ϵĺһɤӳȥߺȾ͸˳ǶʫԵģʫĻ¿ھɤϸ˵秴ʫˣϻ˵ĺҲóűͷ̹
¶һãټۺ졣Ҷδӵһ ƽҲа취Ӧԡ
İʱ̲꣬ҶεԼͷˣæʰһ¹ȥ̯ơ
̯ем俿߶һһ룬ʣͼoڡƶĲࡣֻɱһͷֻ̯һͷ
Ҷνɱͷơ£ʵĺܡ˼۸ɱҶʵͦ죬Ҷξ⣬ÿظⶼͦ󷽵ġʱҲҶ˵黰ֱ˵ҶҪĻһȦ⣬İʮľС
˵ʵڵģͷͷ١˭Ҽڻƽ˳ԡĶ࣬ʵƫͷԼĪʮһͷ㣬Ҫʮһ㡣ͷһȦ⣬ҪİĲġҶεЦͷ
̯ӣѾϺţˡԶҶصĺܣϺ͹æȥҶȻءԼȥͷתƣ±ϵϡ
ãԭûеϣС
ҶһȦҵҪϣʮûǮһСתͷȥ֡ϰ̯ôǹܼܲæȥ֬ʡ
ϵ֬ϿĽֵģòԶ߹ȥһ㡣ϴԼ֪ҪȥĶϺȵȣ׷ҶΡ
֬ʱӵĹذ廹û꣬һСӵĻŲﵯҡ
˽ϽкȼҶһۣŲ˰ӣΪ¸ҹġʱϵЦ⣬ڰЩܵصӦƸйǰɣˣлǰձȫ߰ɡ
Ҷգգ۾ǱͻȻſ˵һ㶡
˶٣Ҳûƽ̬ȲãƢ˵ҲйѰӵƹ֬ӵƹЩƿܲ
ʲôöСзôһҶΣ˵ǡ
ҶüͷŰûûй˼ʵǵصĻƹĳһ˰ɡ¶
ĻƣôˣСƲˣƽﶼڿš㵽ǲҪ˵ǵĻ˵Ǳͷ𵢸С⣬ͷ¶æ
ʵ˵Ҷ֮ǰҪô֬ӵĵ̸Уü۸Ҳθ壬û뵽ЩòϣһĻƾܽƹҶλ˵ѾͣתͷӣҶΡ
ҶüͷšĽģʶԼŲˡеȾˣˡ
˼ô죬ǲǸ绻һˡȻһϲĺָµͳɤͦм㣬Ҷûͷ˭ζˣ
ҶαŰתͷ̷żͲվڽֵ룬˫ؿ
֪ĶһͷһȺ


29 
֬Ӳһ۾ͷ
ƽذɾֻͷ˸СЪţҶο̸£ˣֻգͷСÿƹһ仰˵ӵĻԴƹӵĴ㡣УԵƬ̣
˵̨꣬סǿǽߴСһӵĻԴ￩һ£ԥ˼ҪҪʣҶѾŰˡ
̷绹վ棬ֻһˡŵļѾȥʱվҶΡ
ҶЩΣ˵ͷԽҪȥ
̷£ų׷
ʵϣҶһȥ·Ĵ̶ӡ̼ҾǣʵѰ̼׵ġ
̼꣬汲Լһ֧ʮѺڶӡҶԴǻ̫Ķ˵͵͵̼Ѻڶһٶˣս·ЩǶҪƵߡˣ̼»Լ̺ţʮŽϱĻ⡣һ洦ҶεĿ
ɻͻڳ̷ԭĹϵϸҶȻ̽Ŵ񱾾ʹŷԷ˽Ҫǳ˼Ҷβһֱû
ζҪôֱߵ֬ˮˣ̷Сϰ䣬ĿҶθ˵ˡЩ⣬ΪҶδЩΪҪ
ҶŤͷһۣʵھÿϧҡҡͷǣСүʱûȥڣ
Сү̬Ƚг̷˰
ʵϣ̷ʱͦܵġǰûܼʱȥҶװ˶æ֮ȥִҶѵʱ򣬻Ĺˡ¶⧲֮⡣
СүɱҲû취ѳɶ֡
ʵϣڳ̷翴ҶμˣĹͻĹĹǲǴ֮ҶҶСүӿ񣬴ĵûҶεķһֱŵʱ죬ŪҶεĵù๫Ĺ⡣
ϻؼ衱˺ɥ˺һӡ
ϴЩ̷꣬һ˫ʶ۾ܼСһװǫ񣬹ﲻǺͰԵһƳ
̷ûи潻棬ֻ˸棬ֱеġСӵƤྐྵȻǰãˬƤǳ·˹ָͷܹߡ̷ԭȸĿŵظҶͶûôе
ͣ˺һӣδ̷ʱҶεЩ̰
˼ű˴˵ƵջĿ⣬ֻҶοҪȥԱߵĲ߽һ·;ط˺ЩСྩʱ˵黨ѣϸ˹֬㶨ȻϲġŽаɣȥȡˣһ͹
лĺ⣬޹»̶үĶҲõġҶβԭĶԭôദģҶֻ䵭ӡ
̷üЩӦҶε̬ȡ˵ʲô˼ܶȥһ˲ҶŮӣֳϹЩлҲ˵Ҷϻر˸ԴˮʵҲ̬ȱˡ
룬ʶȤ˺˼
Ҷμ˺˿ƢĳСүºҲûǰ㲻ܲˡҶֱ˵лҪæͲ˵ȸˡ
˵գתӿߡ
̷ûŹҪȥѺڣҪòͲԶظţζǼѣֻ˵ͷЩǮģȥá
ˣСүĺˣ֮׷ǹʣҶνһ٣ŤͷҲȱǮ
̷һЩˡ
컹˵ʲôҶεϲ֪ĶǰסҶε֮֡䣬˵̸ҷȥ֬Ѱ㣬̫ˣûϡ
˵Ȼ˵ŤͷԶĳ̷磬Ŀһ˿˿
̷罫ߵĻȥվԭسֿ
ڳ̷չֵ쾡¡ϾԹԵضҶ˵ȥӿڵƬ̰ɡЩģСɣһ͹ʲôƷЩҰСҼûãҪҲӵġ
˵գҶεͷתȥ
ĿıӰԶȥŤͷҶΡ
ҶĿ̹֮⡣
һЦЦҶǱߡżææ׷ϺǱߵţʱȻûȥߡڳСүΪλҶΣ˷˵ʲôЩڡһ뵽Ҷεӣһ仰ûʡ
߰ɣţڵš˵̬һ޶ƲϲŭǵȼˣϿЩ
Ҷμüͷദʵĵڴˣٵڽѿ
˵ͷҶθûȥӿڣֻϻеĳڴ
ϱţһλƵػܼҡ
Ϻ˽ڣȥڰިӻҶθϺµİǮͷͽͷˮ˵ʵڵģͷôĶüв˵ĵǲܹġ˼ȥҶΰѴ󿳵ó
ľͷڵϣ˼ŴӺδʼ
ިܻؼҾ׷Ժܡ£ѾñިˡҶȥҨһựŪʳԡʱѾȥԺ²ˡ
Ҷι˵㣬Ҳȥﻻѡһھϣһͷһϴ²ˡ
ͷģжʮҶȽһȦȻٽͷ룬ȡԡȦ۽ǱǺܰͽᡣǻͷණˮϴȥ˸εϴëʵȥӰΡ
ϱæţϺȻ衡˵ҲЩ֣˵䣬˵ʵղʰʮԹܡѴݵĺܣǸ첲ֳִ˴Ķһܴùֿȭ
Ҷλֱϡ
ִȥ
Ҷδ¶˼룬¶˵ˡ
ϲֱʣҲ˵ȻûʲôźǸŪ˸ڷ
ʵϣȷʵЩ˳ġ˵Ҷθǳ̶ķ¶Ӳڣϱ˹ߡʱճϦദҶεӣöϱƷв¡ԶƼһ˵˵ʲôû
ϲԹɫǲģϾҴƷ˵飬Ƕϱ˼Ǹ̶Щġв²⣬ʱҶ˵ӦĲ²⣬ʱİˡ
ô˵֬ӵĵҵµġ䵱˦ƹ񣬵ȴԳġеЧͷ²ͷ˲ŻѧҲ̸ɡ
ҶȻҲ֪⻰Ҳԣҵȥ
ʮӴȥִҶĲһҶεԵûôһ⣬ʶԼµ⡣Դ򴩹¶̫˳죬Щ뵱ȻˡⲻǸõ̬ϽĻǵϽ
ţ𣺡ҵѿˣ
վˣø㡣Ȼ͸ˡȾɼˣﶼһһȥԿϲﲻʵٸĸġ
Ҷεͷϴ˰ʱŰͷŪɾ
±ͷʵ򵥵ĺܣˮˮһӶ࣬ðѪĭӺȥɾ̳ˮϴһˮϴӸɾͷн󿪣Ʋȥĭ̳㴦ɾİͷӽ
Ҷ±ַ±ͬеУõͷгɱƬ⡢۲ˡ͵ƴ֭ڡ
ͷϣҲʰ˾²ˡȥｫҶóȥﻻҶѡɫϸĲȹرĴ˺ÿӡҶβᴩ˰ûŪô㣬ϼò
ò˵ϵƷζĺáⲻõĲȹôһüƣҶ˲߹ҶǰûƼϸ˼Ҹ˵ĴţûһƵĺá
ϵӴã˳ָҶŪ˸١
⻹ûױأ͵潫ֵϰθ˺üΡе˿װҶһʰãЦһ¶ЦΡϿǷѣһȥǲܰģҵһѣһȥ
˵Ż̾˿ʰڼҾͺˡ
Ҷ˼̫ˡҲû취ǻ⣬ʰǱҪġҶѾѣҲ
򵥵س˵㣬ֱȥϵ֬ӡ
صûס֬ӵС˻ƹġ֬ӵƹǸŮƹһŹȧǺܸߣݣе̱ĳࡣ
ڵˣһһŮӽʱ۾
ҶεòףȻҲס
ʵϣǵòĺӣĸ׵òȻʱྩ˫еһһŮǿһռ˫֮һͷҲòƽҴŲԣʱʰã𷶶ǽһ续
ƹıҹ󸾵ȸһһ㶵ģҶνó˵¶һݵСģ˻
Ȼϵӣһóȷʾӵ
ҶķҲӣ֪ƹԸ
ĿҶκϵתת𷴶жٿԴ
ʮ飬࣬˼áҶҲֱӣȻǳҪ⣬Ȼѻ˵ףܳڼ߻ṩĻ
Ҷ⻰һƹ˼ͻˡ
ԼĪǼҶۣǸŴģһ㼱ȣضǼų֣Ǯ̬ͶϾһ֬ӣһתֱ˵Ըһһļ۸ա
λ֪ⶫĹظԭͬԭ˸ĹģȻ͵ĳǮ򵱵ذ̫࣬ĶٺõĶ˸߼Ҳȥڰ׷ѡ
ƹ˵֮䣬˵óʵ̫á˿˿ģζȻ̫ࡣˣҲֻܵͼȥۡĲܲǮҳһѾǶļ۸ˡ
ò˵а˵˵ƹƤʵҶΡ
ϵһӵļ۸񲻺̸ҪЩࡣ۸̸ġû뵽ƹ˵ɵӿֱʨӴ󿪿ڸѹһġ
ƹļɫÿµԼһЩˡ
ţӵζȶǱҪŵĶ࣬һɹζ˸ˣϹЦɣҲǵȺ֮ˣͷһҲúЩʮСһҸһ㣬һʮһ顣ʮȫ£øһǮ
ϵɫѾ࣬ҶΡ
Ҷǰ仰˵һǵɵӵ̸û˼ˡһԵذѲƹЦ˰ֻʱ־ڱصõЦЩס
λǾü۸񲻺ô
ְ̧ס˲˳ЦλȱŰⲻǻ̸ôλҲĪҿ̫ͣҲû취ϾûйⶫϰûͷһҲܲúãȻСЩ˵ⶫŸͨɫһҲϴϴܲǵЧ
Ҷ̧ۿҲû˺ֻЦݵࣺóȻǺõġӳòܷ֬ȥȥȡǳзɱȳζҲȥ
üͷ˼
ҶǽԼеһСóƹĵԡ
˵ģΪѹۻװģؽлƶһˮһޡޡⶫζһֶζޡ࣬ҶСϴ֡
˵˲ָɾŵһɵĹ㡣
ŵ¶ǲ˵Ϲ￴ˡ֪ⶫҪǰϻܣǱȶǱĻáﰵϲװڳ˼
ã·һ㿪ڣֻһӶʮġСһٶʮһ飬һʮġλͬ⣬ʮˡǻУҲ۸ա
ӻ粻ӣҶһɻ𡣵ˡ˲춼ǰ׷ѿˮġ°Ѳˣǽ̸£
˵գϱҪߡ
ŮƹϽǾˡ¾ȥ
˵ʲôҶȴֱӽͱƹҲĪҪҶ˵֪ɵˣûζӶһǮһйӣùȥٲõһǮһҶ˱ǳ⣬Ū̸Ҳա
Ůƹû뵽Ҷ֪ӵ£һ䣬
ɻ˵ϣԴͳԼҲܡֻɰͰ͵Цֱֻ̬˵ԼʵҧҧԼӼۡ
ƹԸ٣
һĽۣģΣ
ҶҲû˼ЩֱӸƹ֬ӡ
ʱȴǰȷʵ˵²ͷҲǺġ֬һ۸Ҫסȷʵָʲôˡ
Ժϱɫÿ
ˣʡˡӻȥʰɡҶ³ȥ
Ҳôģ˳һ˼ҡ
˵ңި˯һͷĶ̫˵ܹҶΰѶȥֻѳ»ѾϨˡ±ͷɢҶÿӴ˴һС鳢һ£۾һ
Ȼ±֭Ӵףζ͸òˡ
Ҷ߿ٵص±֭һ쵶бƬ˼⣬гࡣܾݴгСΣжϣܾݴǺˣҲ۲ˡȻ󽫵õ֭ˮͷһá
߸պðãǱҲѳ
ɫÿ룬ǾʲȥҶ˼ˣ˼ͷԺ󣬾ͲԷˡҶŪ˸ľǾԺԡ
Ϻڳɫڳһ䣬۾ʱ
ˬڰɣҶЦеģԺ¾ƲӦúܺ
ϳ˼ӣһɨ⡣
ﻹʣЩڣϻشģʣһЩҶƽǲȾƵģͷ⣬ʵõģһ㣿
ЩͽҶȥ˾ƹ
˲һСһ㣬Ͼ͸оƾˡľƶңԵĹӾƣ˼ͷ⽫ѹȥȻʰ͹ȥɡҷʮʰЩûйˣȥ
ѴòϺ˾ҲЩſʹȥ


30 
һͷ̫˹ȥҶλֿʼæ
ӵֻʱŵһߣ֬ϰɽҶο϶һ׮¡ĶǺõģֵ̼ҿ϶ġֻûϸģȻ³ܳڹ
Ҷԭ뷨ǣۡԺʱȥҴ̶̸⡣Ŷȥˣ˼ƾʲô˵ǵС˼Ҳϡ
̶ӣȻָĳ̶̼ӡ
Ҷ̶̼ӵܺáҲһһۣͷ·̶Ӻ١ҶβǸҭʳˣûҪΪ˱ӿԶϣʱ̸̼ʱ򣬲˽ȥҳ̶ֱ׳ȥ̶̼һˡ
Ҷ⾭绹øһƱ
ϵײǵ汿׾֮ˣԭȲΪû˽̡տҶѧ˰ҶεģҲܰģ
ͷһæһҶΣܾ¾Ʋϲõʱ
ҶȻ֪ϵĿζ嵭ͷǴ׵ģһͳԿ϶ǹֵġҶμǵϱͷĵҶǴʮӿʼһ죬̯ҶΪζζãŻõ̯λ
ۼ̯ӰڵþһЩӣʱٸͷ⡣
ϳʳ̯Ӷ˺üңܼҵʩ̯ɺը²˺ӵϺǼҽ󡣳żҺңһεġѲʩ̯һҶľ档ͳͳˣҶ˽ΪʳгѱͣûҪڳʳġ
ʩ̯ζãһóȥġÿֻٸ
ΪȻ˵Żȥ˹ǣϳЩʣ٣
ԼĪʣʮһҶΰԼ϶СθڵˣȾƳԲ˲ųԵһ䡣һ룬ʣµľͶڹ
ͷʮһģ㴦±У±֭ĻɱȥҲʮһһģǱţ⡣ţö࣬ţһǮһҶԼ۸ǲܶøһЩ
ʮһóȥô
⻰ϸʵˣ˳ⲻࡣ˼Ҳһ굽ͷԸ磬ҲֻܼҶ˸ܸɵĶϱǲŸŪóԵġ
˵ʵЩȻ
Ҳֻ㡣¿ͷѣʯͷӰɡ
˵ġϾʳⶫһöһߡҪУҪƣõ֭衣±ˮ֭Ū϶ҶҪõ±ˮ֭ãŪ˸ִĹװšǸǽҡθƳϸިæ⣬ԵذҶøСװáܾݴͺҲϴкá
Ҷϸ¶òҪһľСơ
ۻҪһСľͷӡҶĥʱľͷӴ͸ǰͷиļһȻŪĻŪ
һ˵Ҳףüͷ룺ǶûСȥľҲ
Ҳǣôˡ
ҶҪȻóСպһ¡ӱУС֡û˵֣ȥ˵ިԵСתͷֳȥˡ
ܼûСӵģ̫еġ
ͷһȥ趫ЩĨӡ̫һģܼôöҵˣȻҲ㵱ˡ̫ܼ֮Ҫͷ⣬˵ûСãԼҺͷŶİӸĳ
ﰡ㿴Ӳϴϴô
ϵĹ࣬Л硣̫ĸ磬͹
Ų࣬ŤͷҶθй
ҶһվȥԸ߶ȡ߰ڼϵĻвǹ˵ġã̫ҲˣȥãҸҲûʲôô
Ҷĺ˼˼Ҷһһ߶ǺöοôһľӡҶæ˵ֻǽգԼȥľǱߴóֵļӣ
̫żϳԵһͷ㣬ﻹǺŵζ
Ҷθϰѹ̧ȥֽ̫СӡýгӣȨ⣬־ʱõĳӣֺСĳӴ׹šϻ˿̺ۣӹסӴ׹ںͷֻ湴ŵӡƽ˾Ƕˡ
ⶫĽҲͶʮҶûùֳӣ̫ſ׿̶ȡҲԱ߿ţû£ҲŪôô
ٸҶϴϴ׼˯ˡ
Ѿܻˣٶȷǳ졣ԶҲףθߣԭ̱Ѹˣ֫޳ڲëҰףúã͹ˮġеһرĹʿ档ëɫʿľ
ҶԽԽÿ춼ʢڻҡСһƽﲻ̫УҲûôʿø¶Ͱڰˡ
ϻ˵ҧ˵ĹУҶβµžֲ̫еֹ
ʱҶνµ΢е㶯ͻ۾ȥһ˫۾ĵطŹ⡣ҶţСһصʼɺͷģƵſȥϳͷ⣬ҶҲһС벻ϵģԱ˾еشǷ
˵ƣһһ磬ϾԺˡ
Ҷٵϴȥ˳ʳϸհިȥ;٣һԺι̫¼ʳިͽȥæϴҴһɸҶΰᶫ͹̧ʰʰҴȥϡ
˾Ͳ̯ӲŰʱ㣬ʱʱ˹һġ
ٸʱ꣬Ҷθһˣһһ͡
Ъ˻˱ӺͲװ̣ٽ¯ĻϨˡһȥһ¨ͷ
ͷ±֮ǰѾӶֿ±ˮ֭ĩܾݴһذԱߣҶνλεذڼϡ
һʵ˲ࡣͷĶϵסתһȦˣŤͷڴƼôӾЩ棬ͷۡ
Ҷ֪һ ϶ǲϾ۸øߡŪһžžгСƬĩܾݴۼ±ˮ֭һС̷ԱߡⶫˣԶŵζЩ·ڿ۾̲סҶЦӭˣʮһ±ͷ⡣
ʮĵļ۸һŵ˲ˡҶҲ£᲻õģҶξ˸Сպ߶õͷǳ
ԳִֶǺ洦ɼģȴ
ò˵һõĺܵλ±ͷⶫһھͻδǱռ˵˼ڵġһӷζʵˣҲˡҲ˵ˣһŪһһ˵ԽԽȣǴ͵ĳᣬ¾Ƹá
ʮͷ⣬ԳˣһһҪ
顣Ұǵģ
ԵģȷʵǶõġҶθ꣬ڸϷȥ±ˮ֭һڰ衣ζһˮ
Աӵĸ׳ͳǮӣѵҪ˰˿ʵǲûţҶιվڷϣζһ˹ƵϹüĺһҧһġҶЦеظǵڰãת۾ȥСʮ
ⶫǺӱȸûǮ
һǮΪģͭǮ̫ˡ
ҪҪЩôһߣĳϡϱŵ˳٣ͷǸ٣˭óԵĶǲֵġ˲ԭĸ˼ԶǸɻ䣬Щһ͸ˡ
ۿԽԽȣ쵽ʱæһϵ˵ʱˡζԽԽҶЦеվڣýС紵ÿǺá
ԳԵһС̳Եֻʣ׶ЩۣۿҶְ˵ͷ
˲ʱʣµʮҲˡһͷţҶææȥ̯Ӱͷء˶öӹУһɾˡҶĬĬѰͷĲӽ⿪һЩͷɢһɢ
ϱ˵ˣϺʣһСͷ⣬ȥԡ
ϺԴܼҰԺ󣬸ܳԵõġӳˣҲ飬԰ܼҸɵС¶Ҷ˵ӣҪľӣ˸˵˵ļ۸
Ŷʮͷȥ߰ġһЩˣڡôһʵ١֪ģҶʶԼĹҲõĶǺϣ͡۶һ˼ҲճԵĺöȻȥ
ųңϺøϳȥϺһһꡣǸȻˣϺϧӸĸϧЩ
ϺһߣϾͰͷݽǸľͷӻգ¼Ӵõ֡
ӵˣõȻȥ
ҶôʰͷģϾһԿţȻҲǵá
˰ѶûȥҶξȥȥԺһѾ²ˣݽŤͷʰͷ˼һС̫㻨Ҷĥȣɴʣµ±ˮ֭Ū档ʣµʰʰԡ
æأԺͷˡҶ཭֪ܼϰ̯̯ǵʱصظʱԶվԺͷϴк
ϻزżҶ཭Ҷ˲죬ֻк˽ݡ
ҶҲ˲ֹҶ཭˵պҶó޵ӡҶ밢ĻŰ˵ҶͯͷͣӲ²Ůޡ˵һҶͯΪӣ˵һҰﲻ㣬ʰҪʮӵƸ
⻰ҶЩð쿪ڣ÷Ҳ
ôܲҶ཭ûøƸﲻԣ˿ڲּ˵ҶŮģ飬ƸȻٲ˵˵÷һ¨ҲʲôޣʮƸֻҪʮѾǵˡ
ҶξҶͯͦ˼ģҪŮۡʮӵƸٵģ
û˵ҶǿԼռԭӵķϲųְһѣȻʵڲҶҴϹϵ뵽Ҷã׶һ䣺Ԥôߣ
Ҷ཭һ£һڲˮǺ˵ˡ
Ҷοˡֱ׳ҪƸ񣬵һëβޡԭһҪʮƸԭ˼Ѻͳ̷͵Σһͭ嶼ûءĻҶҲ˵Щ˵ڰ׷ѿˮҶεͷֻһ䣺֪ˣһȥһѵġ
Ҷ཭ԭõģҶĻҲȫԡûȷʵͦģ˱˻ԡûôˣҾͲԷˣﻹ¶Ҫæ
Ҷ཭Щߺ죬²æ˵Ҫߡ
ҶԺӣԶԶԶϴӺԺ֣زӳԸ
ˣæء
˵꣬תͷȥΡϿԶȥֻʣһıӰŤͷҶΡһԼĪ׶ϱԽתպ޲Ϳܼҵ˿ˡ
պҶθ̯ӾȥҶׯ
ҶӳޣΪĸȻҲҪԾƵġӺãһڼҴҲܣɴҶһæҶԺﶼˣЩͬͬŮ졣ҶͯڴЩģŮ޵Ȼæ˶ࡣ
ＦѼذ˶һϲ˵Żһ߰ëϴæֵģöСԺԺܡ
ҶΰﲻæȥҶúҶõݡ
һȦңҶڴߣϺߡߴߴ˵ŻҶνһҶεڹʱӶԵЩﶼԹĿв˿ͺ¡ҶûЩˣߡ
Щӣڻ¾ߡҶʵҲеûţ뵽Լ¶ض㻤ҲûôҶˡ
㡣æߵλÿһЩҶ̯ӹô
Ҷεͷɫµüл˵˸æ˵ȥͷæһ־Ͷˡһ߹⣬Ҷ̧ҶûҲûܡȥһӣһݸױġ
Ҷسɻ飬һһ˫Ьһ±ӣʲôûС
ԭ˽˳̷ĶܲŴߣҶҸٶͶٶô㶫ȴ˼Ҷûö١Ҷﲻǲί뵽㵱ڼôܵĳ裬޳ȥҲһͰίȥ
Ҷóһ˫۾ͺˡ˹ͱסҶεĸ첲㡣
Ҷе㲻ӦŮôʵڲϰ߱ô׽ͷ˵޴ŪúÿЩ
ҶһԿȣҧ촽Ͱ͵ؿҶΡ
ҶҲĵˣ㶫ҲòһЦͬģҶ֮ǰȥϵʱƳһۣҲС
ҶһҲŴŴغ㡣
°Ĳ󣬾Ҷұ˳һپϯҶô£ϹҶո׹ͷϴľ÷򰢾֪ĶŪһƥӡӵĲϹź컨õ˱ӡ
һֽҶõļױϼ򣬰ǣӾô˸ˡ
ҶվſҪ޲޵ģҶ߹ûס˽ҶεĻ۾ҶŤͷҶȺ۾ڽ
ǰƼ࣬Ҷοԥһ㣬Ұȴؽˡ
ҶƳȣȻ˳ˡ
˵ͷֻ˵һúţҶ۾
ҶαϯûԾˡҪЩʵǲóԣǺȾƣСԵ̭ĺܡʲôһͱ˸⣬и˶ʣ¡ҲûԣϱæͷǣûҶ͸Ҷϴкǰؼҡ
ջصңԺһӰವشܳܵҶεĽ£໽תȦȦ
һ죬ֶҶθϽŪʳιĹӡȥһ棬һ˵˶ӡɫѾˡʱյɣϷ¿Ӿ衵
ҶεҲûܾʮӻûأÿȥʡ
ˣͷǲ뵽ԼӦ˴ҶΰѲ¨ԤݳһѣըС⡣ⶫ̫ˣֻӻļҳС⡣ǶճĺóԣҪҲ
Ȼ㣬ʰԡ˯
˯磬ѵȻҲ硣Ҷδ컹ûȫƿţһɫҶȥ˻𣬶гɴֶΣۡȷۡΡŪЩץȣһνĿȻ򳣼ĺܡ
Ū۲ͰȷۣӵΣ뼸ˮӷٵؽ̺״
ﵹͣٽõŵͷմȣŵ߳ȵ͹ըⶫҲŪҪǷ͡ҶοѵĺܡΪ˽ʡͣŪ˸СըСŵһɣϾѾˡ
ԶԶŵƮ㣬űӾ͹ƣʰģ
ҶβСˣ˵˼衵˫ʧҲ֪ˡյûܣҲըС˼˼ѾˣǸֽʣô
ҶһСϺިʣµȫ衴ȥ
Сȥһ棬ҶȥﻻɫĲȹһ߿һҪʰͷͷҪúʰޣɲ̳ɸͺŪ¡
ҶѵóʰôÿȻˡæ˿һµӴϣϺţȥ򡣲ҶҪǮģȥһ²ǸȥפضϺȥ֬ӡ֬ӣȥǼҡ
ˣҶβŹײ̵֬ĶҹѲꡣһۿȺɫڵҶΣۿҶαŶϹЦԹˡ
һͦʶҶεһóŵǹɹζ
ԼҵӻõҲûζšҿ˶ãȻҲڹҶλǷƹǳǾʹ촰˵˫ǩڹ顣ӣ˹ζһбζĻԴ
ҵÿϴЧҼҶúиӡȴ˫̸¶̬ȸЩϴɾǲ⡣
ȻҶΰǿҲˣֻܽжҵԡ
õЧȻû˵ǶԼָǹӹ㣬ڸ˸۸񣺡һһǮһһǮһλΣ
ǳģҶߵĵһһҿıԤϵøߡ
Ҷʹ˿Ц⣬˼ҳģҲװģȻǴӦˡڳ飬֬ӵĶҲ˵ʵҪҪĻÿӵúãȻ᳤ҪȻַ⣿
ҶεҲûôĵַֻ˵Ҫңȥеʩ̯Ѱˡ
һöҶξõʮ
ˣҶλȥԱߵĸһѿǴϡϺţһ˦֨ѽ֨ѽؾ͵˶פءôһ飬ۿžҪʱԽԽȣҶθоԼͷҪȵðˡϺԼĶҸҶΣɱһſεɹƤ
ҶλλƵصפأӪصſš
ûȥϺȥԱվţԼȥʵĻǱһС⣬ܽȥˡûܻãϺһͷҶ͸˸׼ܼСӺƲӪأ˵һȥʱӦڶƬ
Ҷգգ۾һˣܲûž߰ɣ룬ʣǱԶ𣿡
ԶϺʱҲǵģһúܣ߹ȥԼĪһӡ
Уͷһ⡣
ϺЦЦµ϶Ҫȥţһ˦ͰѳǱ߸ϡ
ǱߣͷĵġϺţ˩ӵΧҶξͱһСȥͷѰˡפأ˾룬ҲûʲôޡϺ˼С»ôЩûиҶνȥֱ˵ͷ
ҶûС˼ͷȹܡ
˵ҲˣҶҲô·յġƫƫͷת˼ȦӲתķֲ̧ͷ죬ľסգһĺҶη֮仹˺첼ɴ˳ź첼ߡ
˵ùʱ򣬺ˮ졣ҶαҲ·ߵĳһĵطûֱһ̤գعȥùȥóʲôǶֱϡ
ȺòͣҶγϵĶһʪ͸Ŀӡ
ҶҲͷˣûôпӡȥͺݺݶ˼ţȻһŰǿӸߵɽ
侲ͷһ˫۾ĵؿ
Ҷתͷ˫۾ɢͷεͷɢˮʪյؿںͱǰ󡣸պð°ĳֵص͸Ҷķ϶ӳĵ˷Խ͸ϵˮƤ׵÷⡣
ĳģ͸һɹίͰͣҵĿӵ𣿷ҪôԶ
ҶΣ


31 
۾ܿƵһƳٷ죬Ҷ˲䱬졣
衵ûʲôرķӦֻһ˫ͷ֮еĶķȡһĬĬȥԱһ辣ҪȥĿӡ
վű𶯣ǵͷ̬ʱ򵲵ĺʵ̬Ͳһˣ
찡ҶθƵĳһʱͺסͼ˦ĳĴ߶ĳˡҲͻȻɤӸһ㶣վһһ
վˣͱƣǧ߶
Ҷ죬ҷɣ߶һҾ͸ȥ룬Ҳ˵棡
ô׵ðǸþġƫҶεĻһðҲ֪Ϊն˱졣һЩһ־ʮֺЦ
ЦҶξȻвƫЩвסˡ
ദ£ףѾͷĸɵó˵óõˣֻܰվһԣжٶ

Ҷʵû뵽ĵһǾƨſڵһҧгݵعߵɽĿӡ˵ҪԼȥϾ첲㡣ҶʵܲĴޡǳֻҪһ뵽޲ð۾Ϲ
Ƶİ˸ϵһߣҶβʹ¾İԼʱͷĲóҵǰΧš
Ϊ˴ѣص˸ͬɫĲӡ
ذѶĬĬظԼΧһȦ˵ͦϸҶΰԴĶΧһȦȻΧס⣬Ʋ̱ðصôƶĪеɫζ
Ҷ侲ذ۾תȥϸӵķϸ˦ߡ
۾µع¿ľ룬ֻſȥŪ˺ðȹӶմ˲֭ȾɫˣڰĿӸ
Եؽӹȥð죬ɬ˵һ䣺˼
ҶΣ
˵ҲǸɡפǱߵһ˽Ȼĸȥ±ͷʮ׵˽ɽȥ˵ǳʵȥһɽھһЩûͳжܿһЩˡ˷ڸĺϴ裬˳ְѸϴˡ
ʱʪյ಼ˮúܣҶһֹֻţƿӲû辸ѹϡѶ˽£СɵĽӡرĿմɳ
ĬĬƳҶһۣ̹Ӽߣ׵ӱȥ´ϴˡ
ܾ˷紵Ҷ쪵죬ֻʣҶֺȷĶ΢ھĶƽ״ɫ͸ɫ㡣״ʽӲ飬治ƽ̹ض̴ٵЦһ
Ҷοֱ̧Ц⡣
ҶûסһۣûЦʲôЦȥӣ
һʮһʲɽͷʱȻǸŪûͷ衵Ƕģʵܲ˶һͷһӻӪʲһ˹յߵĺϴҲӼҴӣȻմĶϴɾ
ҶαûƵֽڲԶĴʯͷϣбۿ˹Ķ߰衲˷֪ôôǰ
ðɣҲô˼ͷ࣬ڰڵصء뵽˴ҶƳŶ׺ӱвɷɬίʵ˼ʡ
̧ԼԴͷҲͦġ
ð죬˲ϴÿӴϡʪ͸ĲϴϣȲƤȼʪյĲȥ粻Ƴһ۸ɫˡ
Ҷ۲ΪѻСݸģ񡣡
ᵽһ㶡Щûˡллǡ
ͷۣӼ⻹û򿪾ŵζ
۽ֽֽҿһǣȻС޳ָһ˹ĶÿȻ˹ģٶȿ졣СζﻯϵЦݶ˼֣ǼպðӪصķʳʵʡǰЩʱ˿Ҷ˺Щ
Ҷز𴩣Ϊ˵ûҾͻᾭͣ붼룡
ЦһͷŶ𣿡
ҶκһȥǶ˶ҶΪҪ˵ʲôʱǿһ˲ǹĸ̣ǡҪŻᾭأ

Ҷΰһۣô
ٽ£ԽԽȡǱɹԵʣҶܾؽͷܰɹʱͷţǾȵûšǰģǺһµ깫ӡ
ԼĪͷ̫񣬶һûɡ
Ҷǿ֢ƳһۣƳһۡɥվߵߡ
ôһѾС˵ĻҲȫȻ٣ȷʵפߵĻʳ͵ȵӱûϹսûйѫԵȻ͸衶Գʳû̫󽲾Ҷû֮ǰҶˣȻȥǵʳ
ʱ̧ЩãȻ޹ӣôˣ
ϴû𣿡Ҷοˮ˳īεķһ䵽ûľúۣܰͷôʪǴȺɣ
գգ۾ȣȷʵôġ
ҶһѳŸڳɫӣվ߰ͷʪˡȻòôᣬͲûͷ޶ͺҲûһǳ˸뱥
ӷ衱ݣһٷܳ뷹ҶͳŸС⣬һȫꡣƵسһȥڲԶϵȡͷңôһɹ߰˷ָɣҲˡ
Ҷο˿ʱҲˡʵ͸ߣֻ·Ҳȥͣ˼ڳԶôⲻֻܵԹֲӡ
»غʱסҶεһֻ첲°š
˵żʱֲִ衿ûǴӰ¹ġ￴ûΣգʵľ̫ֺܶࡣһľͻ̤գ˦
Ҷ黹ߵҲȵɣþ

衴ͷ߰ˣҲƳѡΪһŪˣȴĽƽСŮ̬ʱǼշű죬ޱ߶㺹ĳЩױݾ˻ۡ
ȥȥһɡ衿Ƶջߣַذһѷ١ĿǰҴ仰
ҶԽһݹҲʣʲô
ʮպЯԷļһȥһ⡣
ҶΣ
ˡ
Ҷ룬˵ͷ֪ˡ
衰ߵӵΧһӾͿ˩ڲԶµţţ˳ӣ˦β͵ͷеسԲݡϺҲȡ֪ǲµҶνӻʱеûôΣʱһôƬҶƵش
ϵҶƿһ߶۾ҶΣƨվ
ԶԶϺףȻֽ̧Ҷ޽ǵ鷢𵽶Ҷ̧ɻؿ۽ǺȻ˵һ䣺ÿ
Ҷε˵һͷԼȾ˲֭ѣһ졣
ʲôҲû˵ˡ
ĿţԶűС뿪֡
ŵһͶˡϺվܳϰЯʱͷҶͳɱȥҶһ·ͣ˼ҾͽϺ÷Ϻ˼ܳ԰ʳЩĨ
壬ȥӽӹ÷Ҷĥ¶ʱɫ֣أЩ¶˵һ˵
ϺһҶɫҲӦˡ
ţһߣŲͷ
ި˯ţԺ̫ɹ⽫Ѱݡʱ̧ͷһҶΣƵſȥƼҶξͰ͵Ѻɢķ٣һϲĿϳ˺üۣպй
еĸˣ첽߹ɼʰˣ
ˣ˻Ҷεͷ󽫻ﴧһ·ʮӸó
ϱʼ䣬衿кú˵ˡһʮӾͰ¶׵Ժȥϲǡӵ
ţǶ筴ĵһʻܼܲÿ
Ҷһ˫۾ģ־ڱصã۵ӵߣһȥڶͿֻܲʮҪʹĻƣ筴ڰ顣۲˵ȫռݶٵռһ롣þһ
Ȼӵ̫ˡ۳ԭϣʮɱۻ̯ͷҪǰĶࣺǵҿ˵ʲôʱ۴𸴣
Ҹ˵ַҶһ˷ܸסˣҲԳҵűǡ
ȻҪǾ͵ץʱ
ӲƳʳƺ˻ɹɡٵ÷ʮաżոʵҶĥżȻһӲƳʮ飬ҪռһķݶĸӲŹҲöڣҪ˼ĥҲҪ򡣴ӵҪһաϸҪŪٲõЪҵա
̯ϵ¶ͣģܼҲֻһ⣬öͬʱ
ͷҪʰҪ±Ҫ±֭²ҲҪʰ仹Ʊմȥ˵ÿ¶ۣһˡ
Ҷθ϶ǵرǿܿס׳ʵӹǡǿȵɾˣҪ۳ëġҪһͣһµʳ̯ӵ⡣
⽲һ֮Ժ㣬˶ࡣɹģʳ̯ӵˮƯ
Ҫۡ
˵¶û˵ҪŪʱҪˡʱգ˵ûԹԣʵÿض۵ùǺֻϱø࣬ǲԸɻġȻͲ˵ۼ⿿õġû۳ë
Ҷȴûۡ˵˹󣬶ǲʡ
ҪֱָɻģĴ󲿷ֶǲ¶͡ʮľ١ģֻʹ˲졣ķǸԭɴͬطعϡûٸšһֽܲѹס˵Ͼܼҹ¶ĸһͺ衣
ǹ˸áҶγƬ̵յ˹ǮǮսᡣ
ϵıȻˣϰˡҶΰѹһ˵ʮеʱͬաѾûݣȷʵұ֤ͷѾͷж
¶Ժ̸ͷôãǰˡ
ѾܰˡķûйҶô˵˵ԼһڹɫȻҶϸС⡣
ⶫҲУ˳ҲС
ҶεͷȥϽһѸŤͷǲеģҲĲˣԤԡ
ͼˣӰźܲԻⶡҶνٵȣɢ˵ȥð죬ʢܲһȥҲӽȥһ鱬ҶϰôġϲҺڷϣƵɫϲĵûв㡣
Ҷ߿ٳһިŵζ˯۾ɵűСغ˾Է𣿡
ûأҶλѾʱãû緹ˣĻҲһ룿
գСһ⻰ͱQȥϸ
ϲھߴˮިͷСವسصΧҶδתתҶⷹǼεġϡ֪èܶΣֻ˵һСס
ҲԵ㡣Թˣζ㣬ûš
ص˶ӣҶξȥϲˡ
ϻһΣҶζϵĵضФʱͰҪĶˣֻʣһȻԽԽãϾӵЧǿȡͷķôˣȥҲˡһյĻûôõЧ
ֻһӣÿɱͷҶҪӾЩѡ֪ҶЩȥԣҲû֡
ֻɱͷܸӡҶβǮʶúܣ˵ǵҪֻ취ȻհѰңȥͷҸ
ô˵ҶȻڴӦ
ŶصңڴӿӵϺԶһƼҶξ͸ϽѳͣҶһֵĶɴᵽϣͺƤˡ
ϺӻͦϺý˾ͽˡ
ҶӦˣֲһӵģһץһѡ˱ҽӵģϺͷŽӡҵĴͦ죬ͿлҶΡҶϴԴСͦ˼ģĴͷȥ
˼ſڣҶϰѶȥӡϺϳȥһˡ
ϺҲʣҶΰĳ˵ˣܼǱضҪ͵ġԹò̫ԶţߵÿЩ·̡Ҷε˹˸ʹⱾǼС飬˶ѡ˭֪һŵǸɫʱŹ
Ǹ˶Ҷοã·ҶʲôɵӡǸҶָ·
ţƻƵص˹ļңҶβԼǸǰļõʱҪ̮ĻķӡԺ˸õľͷɫľĢľͷ׮ӵķ϶Ժ洦ɼӲݣһӹŹֵζ
˾ԺһʯԱߵһ꿴͹Źֲֵꡣ˸ưֲϽˮ̧ͷҶι
ϡĺӣЦվôˣ
ҶջĴֻܰ˵Ļ
ɫ˱䣬ָֻЦ⡣ͷҶνȥȲ衣
ҶοǷƮҡӣѵߵľܾȥȻǸʲô·衴򽻵ҲˣӦǸƢˡ
ˮȻʲôòˮӰˮһݣζûС
ҶκС룬ѻ˾׼ߡߵſڣҶ۽ƳְűϵһӡּͦݣҶۼ⿴֪ʲǡ
üһһ⽨ŵ
ֲҶǰ;ùģ⸱ģ
ãɫͦԹɫһҶɫŹ־ͲµʲôҲ⣬ϡİƲСӡЦеؿҶΡ
Ҷҡҡͷûӱְҵ˼ʵϣʷϲҲġܣҶĿǻԹɫˡҶҲЩ߰뷨ҲЦˣǲ˿÷
ЦЦȻ˵һ䣺ʰȢ˸ϱ
ҶΣͿʲô£


32 
Ҷΰѻݵб³̡ͷ鲻Ҷζ˵ҶҲûʡ
̧ͷɫ磬ҶξϺţ˼ҡ
мѾһ˵Ӻި档֪ܼ游ĹʲôިΪިҲǸӵĺӣǺ塣ҶνŵʱިҺӶڵǰߴߴġ
Դ򳤵ôһЩӵԳһĹҲͬײֻͣϰ˲ڰضˡܼôã̫ܼеĹ
ҶλһԾ𡣿ٵس嵽ȱߣζ
صɤӻϺͷźţƼûס˺üۡҲĹôԽԽͷǣ棬ȴҶζһСǻëҶλСԴͣҶε°ְͣ۾ջȥ
ϴӺԺű߻մࡣ
衲ڼңԺصľ²˾ͶտżеĽǳʳ̯⴦ϿɱˣˮʩʶΪ
һҶζͷܣûеʱڼ罫²ʰ÷ź˿лȥͷѧҶÿŪʰŪĸɸɾǲ±Ȼͷ±ˡƼҶŵϺ˵ס
ҪкˣҶ˺üˡɽͷ±ϣҶϱϺԺ¡
¶Ҳôһ£¡
ûеģϴĵҹרŵ˽ܡҪôͬͬ˰﹤ҪôŸͿͷһǮʵʵûһͳһļλͷҲûصķɱ͹̹ɫԷ
ҶβͬˣŲЩһ£ҪԭܼҴû׾졣ǳʲô¶Ƶ£˲ڴֻгưͿķݶ
룬ϰйϺϸϸ˵ˡʱ˵ҲһڴҲûŵùˡʱտϸǰذġȥ£ϸֵġȻۼǮˣ罫ǮϸˡŲġ
ϺսܼϱҶʲôԭϲ˵ʵҲƤһ¶ʱϰѻ˵ƯȻһڴӦ
Ǯ¶û̸ӦˣҲϺŵùܼˡϱǶˡ
Ҷΰҹ֪ӦʱȻüЦҲõģҸﲻǵȿˡȻ۹ǮҲ㡣
룬Ӳơ⻹ûǸϣȻһһػҶθϺǮȻֻǰսᡣҶθĹǮҲ࣬һһģٷ
Сһģ巿һ²ŰǮӡϵÿȥ˼ҺԺһһգͷۻһʮգֻһٷ̯һҲŶٹǮҶθǮ˵ýϺŶ֡
⣬⡭˼ԸǮϺʵҲûƵġͨץð۾лҶκϵչˡ
Ҷΰڰ֣ЦЦ˵ۼҲƽģҲô⡣
Ϻæ˵Լú˵ţƳŴ۾ƵĴӣ˨ҲܸɵġܼʲôС¶Ĩģָʹ˨ȥҲɵġ
ҶλͷƳһۣ˨ӵСһ˫۾ںڷҶĿ⿴ߵԴһŤһȥºͿʼŮϴҲ࣬Ĺиû취ʹͯЦЦȥæˡ
±ͷҪʱҪУ±̫áȻࡣ
̸һͷʵ±Ĳࡣ
ҶȥÿӴ˴ɫ㽫ͷȫгŵľȴѡһ䣬Ҷο˺ۺܾݴĩ±֭ͷһ衣
߽ҶһС⣬س˸
Ϻܼҳ˷ʢһ٣ʱԵүܼҴȥͷһسҶķòûӶˡϿ÷ЦЩ۽ӳԡ
춼ˣϺæ뿪ܼҡ
Ͻư趼ʰˣިȥ˯šϱųն˵
ҶҪˣô»Ǹ⡣ͷѧʴţҪ˵¹ܲĳԶҶε뷨ǲָܷһġΪǮöͰѻȫȥֻܽһ֣ƷԼС
Ҷһ˵ȻͶǶĺôǿ̫ͬʱˡ
˵ϺףҶιǮȶȥġʱûרӴССҲһרȫǲܵģȻ̻ͽܶʦû˼
һ£ѴָϺ
һϺ˵˵ͣҶҪǿ̫ࡣͷӸֲϵҶĥ趹ϱ뽻ǸȥŪҶһ˵趹ǶвɻȱĹؼԭϣʱǾԼ֡
ʡʡ漰⣬ء
У͹̯ӾŪҶξϵǸõӣͨһ໰˵һͨ
ϵͷ±ӱ׼ȥŪ²˼Ƥӡ
۽ŪˡҶæסҹıζȻҪࡣۼÿֻٸͶЩľƾʩ̯ƿɲΪȾˡ
ȷʵ׻ʳġԼóָֻţҶô˵ˡϱϴԺ
ۿŵ£߰ǻûпյûзȵĹŴô
ķ⣬ҶðѴŷȻͻ룺˵ۼԺǲǸֿͺͺɹţ̫ˣпھҲס
ҶβϻûһᣬϻͷԼԺӾ;ĶĶÿ
˵ܼԺӲСǰռ˿İƽҲǿߵĵزֵǮ١ÿÿԺӶͦ󣬺Щ˼ԼԺġ
ܼСӡСʱΪʡϲŪñưСضģһȡԭҶβûôûܹⶼҪסȻҲС
ĥŵۼӵͷиǮ۾ͰӸؽҶ˵⣬һһȴСʯϣʱٸ飬¸ĵأŪһԺӡǽصѻ߻ľ
Ϻһھˮ̶ˮһθĥǡ
ҶЦһ̧ͷա
ĺɫĺϣһֱϢԺ˻͸Ի˯ˡĸ𣬵ŵƻںӡϽ񶼲ҪҶָܰĺܺá
æһţĶȥš
ϳʳ̯ӶԺ󣬱ӾͲˡЩճȷʵ㣬ԾҲûôϡˡҶβûģĥӡתһ벻̫̰ûô๦ķŪĳʳ̯ϡ
ȷʵֵһϾʱŪԼҳԡ
ǵϸ磬ʱ̯ӻûš²˼Ŀ죬һæµٸӺܿ꣬ʼͷ⻹һ
˲ŰӰϣԶͿһ׳ĹﱧŴĶҶεͷŪ±ˮϿֱֱسʩ̯߹ΪҪӡվЦ˵ԲסıˡҪԵĻֻܵ硭
û˵꣬ǹЦЦŤͷҶΡ
ĻҲû˵ͰһŵҶεֱߣζСүҸġ
Ҷ̧ͷǹզզģȥӿ㲻ڣҾָȥˡⲻǰСү̶ȥԽѺڲڣҾ͸͹պùȻСүʣָðˡ
˵꣬¶ܡ
Ҷ㶣׷ȥѶ˼ңܵûӰˡ˵ҶεԼǮˣܰǰԭĶˡ
ԱǳԹʩ̯ͷһʵ͹ʡ
пܷŲܣȻжһԿűӵƳǴ뵽ǰЩӶϱϳ̷¶ﶼ˲ҪĶô׷أϵɫʱЩÿĵ̼϶ôɫû
̷ԭãɶҶ˵ȴǸİˡ˵ʵڵģ̷Ҷӡ󻹲Ŵ̡һҶͰ׵Ժȥ
Щ֡ʵȻĶ࣬ҶæŲ֣ҰЩ
æѹȥعæ
æһ磬ʱͷˡ۵ÿľֱҶһҪȥӵ£̯λϵȻԼȥͷ
˵пƲʵĶرࡣԭҲŵϣﶼšϣҩģūƥƥⶫǳеģһǽ󣬶˶󻧡һҲֻһصӣպġҶβǲ۲ϾɱţܵÿˡһƥʮֵǧʶȤջԼ۾ȥ̯ӡ
еλò̶Ҷεʩ̯պնˣ˲Ҷ˶ǿλáľãλþһ顣֪ô˲ڡ
ҶͷһȦû̯ӣ׼ȥǶȡߡȻߵĿյǱߴһɧȻԶ˼УƵţǶˤĶŻְкȻɧ
أԱһ󺺳ɤӺһ䣺ߣˣ˽ˣ
һɤӺж
ҶηӦ죬ȥ̾ߡߵÿ죬ߴܵĿ첽ߵ¹ſڡе̯Ҳӵӣ̯̯ȻкȻˡҶ̵ſڣѾѶţ
ôˣɫϻ˺£ͷе棬ͷЩ˶̯ˣ
ߣû˵Ҷһס
קͼԼһһ˵˾䣺ͷ˺˵˽ˣ
һ䣬ϵˡҲˣţ
ϺķӦҲ죬̧а㲻ԥҶθϽϳ󲻹ԱСݺһ˦ţޣţͿٵضҶŤͷ˲۲ӾҳһУԶԶؿĴɢеľİС
˵ʵоʮͻأֺܻĲʵС
ŲԶ̳⣬ȷʵҵҶĽˡǣΪʲôأʮӣϻ衻ͼʱ˼ۡ򱻸ʻ״Χĵġ߼˵˲ӦȽô
Ҷüͷһе㲻ԾһֲҿԼȥ˽ӣмԴǿԼûô
ţϵӿڣϺϵû߳ߵ·С·شӡ
˴ӣҼһЩԺݲˡҶ֪Ҽһ˵ؽѣǰصؽȥ
ټһӣȻһĹ򲻼ӰܼԺŵģû򿪹ި̫ҡȥ̫ǰҵȻҲǽյġҲûӦ˲ڡϺܵӿڿ˻˵ȥɽ
ɽвضϺʱ˵ĺܣȻȥѹƷϣȥɽܱܷͷ
ҶٿҴܻģ֪ʶء²پᣬϿٵػؼҽƷóҶ˳ֳ֪ʱصźͷĵߡ
·ͻȻϾȻ档ǵ㶫ȫ˳
ϺϺɽҶǰںɽйʱҵĶ͸ǸȥϺļӣ˵ȥԼӿˡ
ϱ˵ǶڣûһѵֲŶѨĲľͼѵӳҶγͷ˵ڶѨĹȻǴˣһ߰˸档ɣ̫ިҲͷء
ިϺҶΣ۾˹סҶεȡ
ĸСһﻹ֪£ȻͱС˶ίͰ͵ġ
ǴˣҲÿλ˽Ҷθ϶׽ȥƵĶѨһȺŮζҲšӹòܼңƽϴҲôڡһȣζеΡ
Ҷζ˻ȥ͸͸磬̫һס
գͷΡ̫˵նȺ˽ӡ
̫ƶҲûз˼ɫصӣҶҲЪǵ˼ô£ôȻ˵ģذԤ׶û
ͨÿ죬ڵʱӻ߽ӣļһ־ߡ
˲죬ɤѹúܵͣȺ˴ߵڼҴġ
ڼҴһҹɱģ˵ڼҴһ綼ûˡ
˵ţ˾Ĩ᣺ɩҼﱻͽ°ȥ̣òΡͶڴںɽǿûһƤѪһȺͽ˳ڼҴɽ·ȥϡãһ緢ֲԻشӴš
طôû˹פǱأó䣬˺ðŭڼҴ巢ô£ǸʲôԵģ
ĶܵļǲãڼҴ嵽ǱһصһأҲ˵Ǹ״ڼҴһûܳȥŶݲפȥ˵ŵݹȥҲôܵģ
Ҵ汲⣬ϰˣȺ˲սģ˾ܡ˳ʮȶ׷ϡפصıӹܵûӰˡ
˵ţһȺ˳̾ġ
Ҷεһȥ뵽Լ˵ڴ˴ĳ룬쿪޴ˡ̧ϡ
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ҳһţ˵Ҵ꣬ͷһϡҲ˵˽ˣÿض˶ߣû˵ɱ˵ģ
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һͷĴ󿳵һǼĸͷһв˵ĵŻȥǮӸҳʣµľ⼸ʱ˼£Ѳ˵ϡ
Ȼû˵һѲ˵ϲСİο
Ҷεı¨ģͻȻһë׵Դ̽ڶľսĸû뵽ܼϱʱˣѹǻûôܲͼɵһţ˱¨Ϣؿ˶ڣ˫۾ĵضס˶ڡ
Ҷ˲˸ꡯĶ
ѨѸپľ֮дŲŵĻкܵͺĺëһ˲ըϵɫɷףҶμһ˲סިС졣
Ѩĸмµõŵ˶ڱϡ
ݴһǽŲƺԶȥľŪҲࡣ˲ȴǶǰ棬ͷݡСըëݳСαýġɤ﷢в
ƺ˵ľǲľһгصĽŲԶŽŲߴﹾ˵˵Ļ˲֪ĶҶЩ
ǸˣͷƳһ۵㡣
ûܣ̽ݴȥͷؽƬ˻ҡͷԵش˸ǣ˦˦СβʹܻҶεߣȱһѡ
Ҷεһ £˵ʵе״ϻúõ⣬ﻹ⡣˴Ӿͱ㡣ϵͳһӣҶδʱЩθܡϺȻסҶε֣һ㡣
Ҷοʾ͵͵Ҷγ˲עϲװģ˼ѵıֹûС
Ա߷Ŷ˵ü۵ĸ뿪ʣܼСϱǹ
Ҷﶫûʸɾ˵ġ
ǸҲû⣬ĿƳŵ㣬ôղͷ˵˵һӣԽԽǣСβòӰɣ
ҶһƳ۵βͣᶨҡͷǹ๫ͷŪģ׵Ĺ֡
ô϶ҲͲˡ
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Ҷŵĺ󱳣ӭһĿֻԺῴáвȥͷת
룬û˵ҶôѻǷڨڨ
εķ粨ûеȵ죬һд˽ɽˡȺȥϣ˳̼ˡӵֻûµҴͱ̼ȺɷʦǸ˺üʣµܵÿ죬ӵĶûü߾Ͳֻʵˡ
峤˵ںɽҴ˾ʰʰɽˡ
ҶθͷĽ䣬֫ġ˼ңּﻹǱˡǰĴܣü˳ŶµҴߡ٣ֲںɽǰ
Ƶ³һҶθϿʼƲʧ
ﱻһأԼǵ˽ˡĹһûˣˮͰһҲûˡԺصľ²û£ԺＦˣͷֻިͷ̫һҵĵؽ֮⣬ûʲô̫ʧ
ÿҰǮӱˡҶرңΪȻе㰮Ǯ˼ҪûǮ䣬żԱߣȻһҪˡ
Ҳرңﻹе£Ҫǳ̼ǰʦڣǾûôˡ
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ҹһҹû˯ҳҲ˯ˣ͵ͷҶȥ䡣
ҶγƬ̣һ仰Ͱϸסи飬һ˰ᵽȥɡ


33 
ʱرһҶ黳˶СңǨءĹ˼άҴ꣬ҶһҪټҰǨϵʶӦų⡣ʱµܾһطžҪڴ˵Ҷϰɵ˲ͬ
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ܼҵ֮еϾıܼǻѪʵһԭ衿ɲسۣިһھŮһڴ˵ͻڣͷҪһϾ
һ·򵥶۶ȥġ衿ʱ˶ֱ˴УرͷĿͷǶϲܻ뿪ġ
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Ҷ˽ʷ࣬ȴ֪ȶ׽ġе°С˴Ըȶϸ첲ҲҪѳһ
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ϸϸһ˵ɣȷʵ˵ǣԤôߺЩأһҲ᲻ߣ˵Ժô²ڡǱߡ
ҶҸܼҲͬҶҶׯĴϣ汲Ҫ˵ǾټҰǨûô׵ģ˵öԣĴ£ѵĻǵôҶĥżȻҪᣬĶͲżûȥȰŴ̺ãʣµսհߡ
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Ⱥֱӳӣеͷһ·ײǻײײ˲ˡô飬˵һҸ߶и
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ҶæǮˣ˵õ˼һ͹϶˵Ҫġ˵ҪУҶΪ˶˵㣬ܲð˼o
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šҲŷ֣ЩѾչӵġ
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ŵϺĹҶθɴϴϴְЩʰ
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ҪʼˣϺһ·Щӵڡ
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ҶĥŵµطֻɱҪûԹˣòһ̼ըǣըˮͲͣطġ
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׷ҷɵļ׷ԺӱߣͷվԺһӰ
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Ҷǰ֣ʵ⼸ں¡ӻ·ĹǣеĿ־¶һһ߶࿴˼ھ߸ѪҶΣѵôͷҲֵ׽Щ䵭
۾ƳǱߣȴذܾĸס
Ҷοû˼뷨Ӷը̼ҪûӼ

ײû뿪ӪܻȻ˲˼ġ
˵ͷһЩΪ˵ϮǴմפصġʱפصУξһڱߵɽھϢû̫¡
˵˽壬Ҵһʮ߿ڷϮ¶ű̬أҲûɱ¸ӪصţУξһγͻڼҴһʮ߿ϻã˭ԸԼ
˵Ҫ˵һ˵ߵľ
ʵϣʵפصġһڿĽ⣬ҲӪءνıӪһͶĽ紦Ϊ˷֮䡣ҲνӪֱУξšӪУξӪУξţ
һĽ죬ͬڶɵ߷أְȨ䲻壬¶ʱụ˦ֲܡ˱̼˴ˣͷյϢ˵Ҫ̽˶±żæɱ̽飬ͼѹ˦Էͷȥǽز
Ҳôµ̽
ͷ¶Ȼڶ˵֣صΪϺĶԼŮ˵İĵлǲʱʱȫˡ
ʱѾϳֻǰƽǰ˻شӡϺڰæ˵ӦõӦõģ˵ƽܼҵĶݣЩҸġ
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34 
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ҶϹȻǲͬ⡣Ҷ̬䵭һ㲻ǰ׽ģ¾Щá
ųĺܣҲ˵ݻżصҶ汲Ҷׯ⣬ҪһĶ᣿ͷزģһӳʲôʲôСϹſھĶĶȰ˱ģ
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ΨһõľеԶϲֵģסȥԺӲԶҲЩ롣
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Ϣ֮ĿѣôĶðģ


35 
ܴĶðӵŵģȻǴԼҶݵĴġ
Ҷ˵ҹ˯ţȴΪȣ˸Ͱţҹ紵ɢȡʱĴӿɲƺϷ˩ϣǾǶڿĴӾжҶҹ˯衰ҹվԺһۿݵĴӿš
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Ҷò֪ǴӼ͵ܳǱ˴ôأɫͷ߰ģϻӡһӡ׵ϸߡһƼҶξ˹һѱһѵץҶεĸ첲㣬һȥ򡣡
Ҷһ㶣Ƴµ
ȻʵóЩҶϴĻ˵ġ˵ʵڵģҶҵӹĲ˼ҺáԷ̫࣬ɻȴ١Ҷͯ˵ͷҶͯҶ཭ӺͺüСĺӶɻͶɩֶӸɻȻ±⡣
ҪߣͬˣҶι̫ܲ࣬һֻͨһ仰
ҶõͷµģǱ죬ǿ˵ܵͬͬ⣬ҶߡڼҲֻǵ굽˸ﻻһݲǮȥʲô𣿡
Ҷû˵û뵽˵Сôġ
ﳳˣ
šҶĨһҭ˵ˣ䣬ӾͰĻͶ˵ˡû˵Ҫᣬˤˤ뷢˴ŭҲԱͼӴףҲ˵һ߾ͱˡֱ˵ҺͿŮ򲻹˱һСǿֵģҾߡ
ȥҶϵ̬Ҷξϵ˻Ҷ˵һ㲻Ծ
֪ܳô
Ҷò˵
֪ãǲܲߵġôˣֲ֣ùӳԵġҶѪҶ·ʽ²⡣ҶλԭĶǼʱܻѾ御ɲ󻹸żǣ
ֻ֪ҶοĶҶʮҶβ֪
Ҳûа취עҪ޳ȥŮҶÿ䱻޳ȥԼ뿪ҳŵʱɩƼˣҲ֪˶ûšȫҵҳҶҴţͱ̤ҶҰ벽
̧ͷҶΣȫǹעһḷ̌ܳûٻȥ
Ҷεû뵽ҶСģȻǸµȥĵġҶƢԭƿأöԭ塣
üͷãҶε׻Щԥ
ҶøҶҷʲôִ˴ߡҶҵ˰ѱҶǲԸҶϡҶȺ˿ɲôġ
ûͬ⣬Ҳߵġ
ۿҶһ˲䰵Ҷ̾˿ֵҪȥ򣬿Ըͷγ߸ûйϵԼľ
Ҷλһ˵꣬Ҷðȥ۾˲֪ģ㡣
Ȼô˵ҶȴһСﱧŴڳͷײģҶθɴ衸³ҶðѰŵţƳһҶΣһԲ˳ϿŶӶϱֹģԴһŤѡ۲Ϊ
ӣ³ôˣܱܲȹһ
סʱѾ쵽ʱģͷҲôˡ
·ߵͣͣģڰ;ϻִٵسһ١Ҷһļɣͷеըպ±ļӺըǻܵȻһҹճ㣬ҶҹþˮŷŵͨڴҲûһ˳ţҶûԵģҶαһ
Ҷóﾪ棬ĵֲʳȷʵ⡣һ·ިɵúܣ֣ȵСͨŴŴغһĸ
һިȷһԼɡ˼ھζʵڲ룺˵۵̯ǲźҲͦġ
ȻͦɶɷȫСԡҶһֱûŪҪʳ̫ˣǶİӺһЩҶҲԿɡ
Щ¶ǵȰ֮ϸ˵Ȱȥ
סϺæж͸ϳˡҶαöٷϺҹϳȫֻܶŶߡҶ޷ģҶҸû浽˽ֻмͭ塣ҶܰһСȥͷסܼҡ
ʰֻʱʰӺͳѻװԵʰϢΪĲִ٣¼ҺܶණûУպá
ò˵ǸĸҶҲûԹԣֻ˵ҹҶȸסһݡ
Ҷ֪ԼԺΪͷ׽㣬°ͰŸɻɻһѺ֣ʰúܡϼ򵥵سһ٣Ҷ
ԼĪæһԭ򣬼˳ԵĶ㡣
ɫһڣϾʹިȥ˯ˡҶֲ˼˯ݵšҶοС׵ӣϽȥ˯ؽϵݡ
Ҫߣһȴϲȥ˲ڣͷ˴úҲõϵʱԺͷ졣
ҶνϴѰ裬ػغüˣεؾ
衾͸ľ׮ƵǶһ׽͸Ҷʵֵֺˣ󲿷ʱ򲢲̫עʲôڵĴξ衣üʲô£
衣
ĬĬԱŲ˼ӣɿգɫĳ
ҶαҪȥϴģϾͷæһ졣ǰģɹһ۵úܡ̫ãȷʵءҶⲻ˾ͺڿʲôѵҹôһ˲䱻סľҲչѧա
죬ʱһƬ췱Ǻһ£ʲôûС
ãҶ̲סʣڿʲô
ЦֺûУƮƮɤϢͷգŴ۾ҶΡ˼ҵǰ
ҶΣ
ˡֻʣ³
ҶΡҶֻŭһǵͨ죬ϷŪߺֱ쵽˶⡣Ȼһʵھգûס̧ȺݺСһţػݾˤţϴǿ㻹ԺҾȥӪؾٱԹı˽ӣ
ЦվŴ˵һ䣺һȥˣҹעôӡ
˵꣬Ƭ̡ûжͷ۶ſĶĵ㣬ЦһԵ⣬úÿżҡúã»ظóԵġ
ɵ뿪¼ҡ
Ҷϴ裬ϴ˳ԺѾûˡˮҶһѳȻ˵һ䣺㣬ʲôʱ⣿ʵֵܰġ
˯ģҶ˵̫࣬˸ǷЩµȰٺԺ˵
Ҷҧҧֻȥ˯ˡ
һ磬Ϣ˶򡣻˵פءΪܼҵݾפصԱߣӪʲôһҹȻˡȺ˲֪ǵ㹻ָʹפصıûȫ£ϮҶׯżš
ҶׯҹʮˣżϺסĴӡ˴壬˲ؽؽѶһ٣󲿷˯бԴţʳϴһա
Ҷ죬ͬ׵϶һۡ˴ʱ뷨һġ
֣ҡ


36 
˲ľٶ˼ӡܵӰ졣
ҶһȥϲɹƷֵе˽̸żҰÿǼȾꡣ̵Щ˵İײУǱɱ֮˵ҡҶܲζҴ˶ͻ˼ҡ
Ҷ罫ϴһ顣
СɼһѺ֡һӴѶͰҲϴøɸɾʱԺӵĲϣ紵ػơԼĪ֪Ҷκ⼸ջæǰļˡ˿лި黨Сι
ϻһʰôɾûסֹһ䣺Сͦڿ졣űŴݡ
˽ʲһ飬ϻ˺üҳ˵ӡԺ־²˳ͷԺϾĥԺôĿյضȫƽҪԵĲˡҶζȥҶͭһԼãһϵݡ
յӻЩ˼˵ôﻹõ
ô˵ϵЦȴֹסŮвΣʮɱ㶥ྩ˫֮һͷ˴뱲ӣǰεġν䵽ľأմֲ»ͷĹҲ֮ءò˵֮ͷǳܼ
򵥵سһ٣˾Ϳʼӡ
ɨûô鷳ǳȥʱҶѾⶼһ顣ܴĶˣȱʲôȥ˵·ЩԶڴҪöࡣæʱŽʰ׵Ҷλר˹ˮĲϯӸһ飬Ժɹ
Ҷνﻹû͸Ӷóһһͨĵطɹ
˯һҶβĥҺڵӪ
²˼ӿ϶ǲ·Ժ²˾ˣζЩȻûʱúˡһȣ˶Բ¶ͷ¾Ƶ˻׬ͷûô
ۣܾҶε򶨵ļ۸ǵˣӱǿöࡣ۸ЩҲ򡣽һתƣžӡóԱˣͷζʳͶ޵ģȻ
һȣȻǶĶҶβʱҲ˶Ľֵȷʵʳ١էûŪ״͹أҶβȥռذ̯
̫ȣҶξ档
ûӣҶξԳø㡣˸֥ӰŪζⶫҲ򵥣Ͱһϸ̳ˮɡеϣܲ˿ϾǺĻƹϣá̵̶ѿˣըסŪ˷һ𣬵ͷһܳԡ
ζãҪǵŪúáҶϲζŨЩģ˺Щĩأӵףӵĵϸõһ㡣
ⶫ·ֽ˵ҶóԵ̧ͷ϶̲סһ롣
ſáƽǽʳӲʳ¸Ҳŵһ߲·ⶫҪҲǸ׬ͷ
ҶøިͶżԣ⻰صͷǹԹԵģǸԱߵި̬˶١
סڱãռϹ߲϶СҶηֶ򲻽кϣкϡνĺϾǺϣ˵ǻ˴ġⶫϹ֬۽ռ˵λõĺôܼţԭҲֻȨܳԵȹϹ
Ҷܽûסȥһ£ôɵָͷ춼²ȥ
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ᵽҶÿһ١
ҶεüͷҲʵҶׯҶҲżŵϺһҡϺż͸һµģҲôȥûײ˽塣ײˣǻ׶༪٣Ҳ֪ǸʲôҹϳҪˡ
û˵꣬϶һۣ˴жǳĬ
Ȼȥפʡ
ǶŮӣ粻ֲܿС壬ͷҵĳȥǸ֡ʱǶ϶ϲҶЩ衣Ȼ֪˲ҲĥҶĥŻ˭ʸסؾϺĶɽҲڱӪżų£֪øࡣ
Ҳ֪ʰʲôϸ衣е˫ȭѵ֡ԼҶӼգôбҲ϶ⲻˣҲǴҹߡ
ȻôģҶҲͲˡϽõóŸ๫ѵȥӪء
ӪֺģϢͿʼ֡Ѿһ˻ûҶȥſڣŵڱվţ䤱
һŮӱŴ߹̧Ƥ
ҶװһСϱӣֱ˵Լ๫Ͷġ
ĸӪʵģ˭ͣڱѾһʱգӪﲻģмҾͶͶҶεΪ߲ˡ
Ҷæ衵Ϣڱһʱ̬ȾЩˣԭļҾ찡
Ҷе£᣿衲ڿӱôôȻˣ
Ȼ衣ûһҶ˵ԵϣڵĿ϶һҶ̬Ⱦ͹˲٣һڱæùҶεİֵ˻ڰƺûʮ²㽫ǰɣҵȻתġ
ҶΣת⣬ǿϴ˵⡣
Ϊ˷ֹŪҶǿ²飬ھӪ಻һµʱգӦǸСӡ
ֵˣȻЩ˲ֻͬǹǵϷ忴СڱҶβţɴѻ˵͸ˣܷģǲŪ˵ġ
ǼܵӱҶ֪û¾ͷˡСĵشҶׯżŵ
ڱ֪Ҳ࣬϶ͷƽͷ֪Ķࡣԭй¶Ҷڱ±ӻҶˣҲ˵ˡҶׯǲֻ֪żŻ˲ࡣͷͷˣ
ӪͱӪΪ˴òɿӪָӪϹۡżһӪͷӪǾҷػܳô©ȥľòι
Ҷģˣкãƺͽ˷˲֮ء
֪ӪһɽڣҶʡ
ͷڡڱҡҡͷ
ͷҶûǴʱʮΪһʣһͷɽʵģ̶һΪͷˣٶȵǽҶγһ
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Ҷ죬ɽ¡
ͷڣżųˡǱߣʱҲ
ʲϢҶֻգл˱ۻ˼С
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ҶƳһۺ䤱Сĵ˵㣺ãɻˣЪ
Ҷô֪Լܲ˸˽㣬ûķӡ뱻ѡ۸ߵ˼˻Ǯʵ˵Լ㶼ô˵ġסһն࣬˵ûжĳʳҶȴǲԸ⿴ġʱҶκҶöʱ͸
¸ӣֽõĲ˲Żݡ
¯̶ܺˡһȣҶξǻ̶þˮţѷĹŴЧˡ
ҲֻܵʰϢˡҶεĸüͷýأô˵ôͷèأ
ҶεͷʮͬӪ̬ȣ͵Ӫ
Ȼ⻰˵ֲԾġ˵ͷⰲУξҪΪ˳ʱӪӪУξԸ¶Žỹʱ侮ʯɣǹŶԷ̴ŪƵġ
˵Ҷβô£Ӿĵö࣬ⲻ˻ö࣬Ϯӣӵ¶ò˹Ϊ֮ɣҲ̫ɾˡ
ĸɾӪҲġ̼ҵʦֿܳȭˣӪղʿȴץ˵Ӱӡ¶˵ȥÿЦҳ񣬸ûӪʲôºȥ̽ʻ
һ⣬°ڵֲɵˣӦòģӽء
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ﰲˣﳤ̾
Ҷγ³һ񣺡Ҳû취ı䡣õ¶ЩǮҵ¶ҲʹǮ˾ٸȥһˣûкС
ҲǸӣȻ͸ðȥġ¾ãȥϿûбֶȻЩ˲֣ҲȰԺӺͷĻĵظ
ϱôһ飬Ҷε˵һ׮¡¶˵ˡ
ҲӦϵͷһӦصʰ䣬վûóġ
ҶΣ
Ųع˼գҶԽڼдʲô֪Խﲻ
ʱϢܶ²ܼʱ֪˰ŪĸоҶʮصΣС˼ȥģڴӸǮԼıְһľԺƹֳƹʦҶγ˻ˮ⣬Իеľ˽⡣
һȦԼҵԺӣȥ衷ڼıīֽó
ԺǽٵһɣӴߡһֳ׶״߶Լ׵Ĵ״ƬƬϵĶ״ڴߴֲغʱڸߵȼͲӿۺãЧֹͲ̤ҶδߺʹͲʹá
С˲翿κʱ򶼲ܰԼСڱϡҪǲϲȫûʱоѡŪ
ͼһҶθϴкһ̲ͣسˡȥҶשҤ
ʱߵשҤ٣ղǶѡҶδָĻӦҲճȻи򵥵ķʯҺƬƬǽߺ󣬽մƬʪˮϣɱҲǹġЩֲˣմƬЩá
Ҷȥתƣ˴ʵһשҤĴͼֽݹȥҲû˵Ҫʲôֻǿ˴ߵĴСͲʡ
ҤͼòҴƱֻ˵һ䣺Կٹ
˵½Ҷεƽࡣ
שҤҶΰ;ײ˼ţӵϺϺʱЩǱڵմͷҲضͷϡżղݵݽȥһ˫۾׵ҡ첲ϻˣһӰ
ڿ쵽ܼҵĲ·ϵģϺԶţͣźߵҶεĸǰû˵غȻͨһҶεǰ
ҶαһϽȥ
Ϻȴݺ᣺ң֪ЩƤҲȷʵû취ˡϰ˽ȥˣӣСĶڴӹһ١İһ˳һ϶û£Ǯϰץҩˣֻ󶫼
һſҶβͲµˣɬܡ
ϺźҪҶοͷݰͰ͵һš첲ϰһ˿ڻء⼸ôģʵڿ֮౨󶫼ҽС϶һʲôС϶һҾʲôңȾɡ
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ҳһࡣϼҼһҽҲˡϺһʾѹļС϶ֻܴźӹͶҡ
ţ֪ˡҶα͵ң˶ˣ͸Ͻϳȥϣҽݻûšȱؼˣȥҽݡ
Ϻ֪ҪæҶϳţȥϡ
ϲԶ߹ȥһӡţϵüûһ͵ˡҽݱҪͷĲҲࡣʱͷλݡϺŸϺôһڵĺӽǶͷϴվ첽߳
ϻ˵ϴϺȥԺԺҩͯѸʰһӸϺ⼸춼ûϹۡ˼󶮡
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ȰѺӷŵϣϴһӵѾҩͯȫۺѪգմ˿Ͽڽ򡣸˺ֻܼѸɾϴһ˿ڵЩο˿ڴͦɾҾƲù
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ϴȻ˿ڻŧˡӱ𲻺úô˿ڸѾúܶ࣬ǴüáʱûأҲûҽþƾһϸϴ´˿ʱ̫ᣬҶοüͷֱ塣
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˵꣬ȥǰͷдҩ
ҩдãⴲ̾͵óʱҽݲҽԺ˿סԺơճҩͯסҹҪڴ˴ЪϢġȻ˿ڴֿҩĵ»ػҩҪĸȸȻûҲɵȶȥĻû֮ǡҩһ룬ȡպҩ
˵꣬˸ôӽ£ŽϺҶΰ˴ȥ
һˣڵڲŻؼҡϿ챻ˣȥֵשҤ˶ûƼҶεˡƼҶεӰڳԺͷæСܳӭ
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Ļض˵żŵ鶼˵ʱϺ˵ӣȻҲǸ˼ˣίʵ
æҶȥͷʰضҶǰլӵʱⶰӶġȻЩСûضġ
ֽŲǰҶʰҶ÷ɿʰһӳϺͽӸȥˡҲգҪӡüϯ࣬Ųϯ˯
ҶΰѴ˵ˣ˾䣺ϻظ๫ӵҾƻô
еģеģԴ֪ҾɢȾ͸ﱸһ̳ȥҨһ롣
ϺԴӳ¶üҹûۣ·ȶƮ
Ҷοٲ˯ҪæȥԱһҶðǺӱҶαչˣҶÿæһŻˮûһھ˵Ҫտ㣬͸˵ҪžС
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Ҷҧҧ촽ԼͶģߵġ㣬ġ
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һҹҶþ˯ǺԱߣǺӲһӡĸǺӲǲˡ컹ûأҶöںڵŲŽСػҶΣ㣬Ǻˡ
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ҶһϺãܼ˵ţָܼҡ
Ҫţ˵ץҩҲûôӡץҩȷʵ˲٣ͷţǽһͷţֵϳٲֵӡ
ңץҩ¶ż϶󲻻ȥˣͶһӣ֪Ϊǡ϶ûбı¡⸽һúܣʱ򵱱ߣϵá˵̫صĻֻֻеôġ
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ȷʵϺ˵ʮرͣʱǸ١ͳȥûԸҪһһܸ꣬˴ָɻ͡ǩȻ˭ӡ
ǴӦˣ˽ǩҶûᣬϺƤΪȰѻ˵ǿҲûˡʵϣܼҵҲʺˣƤǿ
Ҷû˵һϣʵۡûƺҶβڣ浱ˡҶĥ˰ΣڸˣˣҲǩùⲻȥд־ݣӳ˶ܼʮ¡
һ㶣ҶεĻѾ˵ȥ
Ϻû뵽ҶβҪǵʱЩ¡ҶֻҪӸܼʮ£ϲ֮Ǹм㡣Ҳ˵ʲôĻǹҪҶοͷ
Ҷܵͷʱ˵ˣҾд顣
˵ͷŵţҶλǸŰֽ֡ҶôԼģϺҲİȥｫùıīֽó˳־д顣ϺǲֶģҶλǱд߶һʽݵдšøˡ
ϺҶΣҶη˵ĵطܸɴؾͰӡӵҲˣܼס¾Ͱˣңлָʹˡ
ȻеæģʱȥЪϢúԺĿյ뷭Ҷθ϶ûǰĥǻǮˣǲˡϺ
ʱûҪҶλгӱȥ˯Ϻ˵ֱӣҲȷʵ۵ûţȥ˯ˡ
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Ҷôһ㣬ϲϺСԹǸɽСӣƺͦصġ¶ͷæ˵ԼæͿˡ
˵⣬ҶҪȥȥ
һڼҵţԼԼ˸ʱô˵һȥҶֻ˵ձû򽫶ȻɽյģһҲȥ
ﲻףǲģҸһȥ
磬ɫҶζҶÿãҶʵҲȥϡȥĻûˡ֪ͦʶȤģ㣬ڼ￴ި
Ҷεͷϳš
磬Ľֵ˻١Щ̷ѾŵӣƳǱߡҶθϾ͸̷ķߣȻǰͷһտĵضͣһ˾ۼھǰеģ˸ࡣ
ҶθȺд󣬷ûҶС̯ǿٲԶĵطǶ֡ϵ̯ӡκ棬۸ǱҪһ㣬һǮһǮò̫Զζࡣ
Ҷθһκһųԣûꡣ
óһۣʳ̯۸µ


37 
ͼ۸Ҳ࣬İӱǿ
ʳֻҪȥģζ㹻ãҶҲŰѼ۸񶨸ߡֻǾ²˼ˣҶοǺҪҪ档ζܴ󲿷ȡڽϺͱ࣬û⽴ϿɾͲôˡ
ǿûϡ·ʲôʳȱ˵ζ
ҶεֹûҶȥתһȦ
ж֣ҲܶࡣӴڴҶһ̧۾Ϳһ˶ӡһȺˣͷģһľһԲ˦űӺݺȥǶҶζ
Ǳ͹һսǿ׳úܣһ˦һߺ߹·ĿһһŶ
ҶƳһ۸ϽĿջͷߡ
ĶͶˣƥСͷҲУרӵġѺԺǿظֲˣʱҶȥӵ̯λ
ĶЩԵĹϹҶεע⵽һĶǺϵӣ
̯ǸеѪͳ׳էһۿѪͳͷСӦѪͳġҶʣһתƳһۡʵϣֺþ˾ûʹҶͷһġϾͶЦǣǺϵ֡
ôҶϲˣһȾ͸롣
˵ǿɹʺϡ㣬ֳıԭ
Ҷ̼ǵú½ĹϹλ䲻½Ҷθݵϰ׺ϡܲòԶ˵طĹϹӦǶõģ֣ûֲϰߡںЩʽ
Ҷε˼ɵػֶô
̯ŪϡŹֵӲ٣˺ϣϡϾǺĹܹϡûռֻм֡ϲ̵еġҶƺʶЩӣΪ϶еˣæһԶԼ޽Ӷó
һˣܸЩ
ҶγһۣӺ͹ܹӣϵáиȷʵϵã㶹ʱӦýСޱޱڹʱԵͦռʲôʳʳԣۡ
̯ǴշתŪЩʶֶģûֹʵҲ˵۸񡣵ŶǴĶȻҪ߼ۣЩһſҪһЩҲֻУԴǾûеġǼʶҶôһǱеġ
һһʱЩɫҲżʮġЩӾϡҲǰ׷ô˭ǻȥֲһǴˮƯ
Ҳǻὲ۵ˣŲԾϸϸز̷
̯ﲻãⲻϸʶô
ⶫǶһݵġ̯ôһ仰ʲôҲô֡ЩֻУȥǿ϶ûеġ
ϱˣĿǸˣظһһģͨ졣
ɵңҶʵ۲ӣЩҾͽЩȫˡ
ǵҳҶοãĥãۿҪҶߣɿ˵ٸһӣһˡ˰ģһĶ
Ҷοӷǻп۵أϲɫֻȽһó
һҶĿ͵һеѣȷ
Ҷϡʷʶ֪һ㣬Ԫʱڴԭġǵò˽ʷǶ˾ʫδԪġĵͤһ䣺խ٣ҶοӦǺܺڲŽԭ
ãͨ·ЩԭûеĶԵ
ʲôѣҶĿԽԽ죬Լ׬ĸо
ãֲֵ̯Ͳϵãһ⡣붼벻ĶŪҰһҲ㣬˰ģ𣿡
ɡҶľϸʹɫǮ㶼Ұ
̯ϲҶˬˡ˵ӦһҶΰӡİݿܲ;²ѡҶθһӡ
ҸһĻҶ룬ջȥ
в⣬ҶЦʲôӸŰɣƽͰЩϡŹֵġ
˵ú¾Цúã϶š
Ҳתϱ˵ǵųԿӡģԵʲôö˶˼ҶתһȦ˾ȥӡ
һЩҶοɲǸԴеӡ˵ᵽפظܱǣԼʶӪʲôöҹ˯¶ЩԺǽҪǿ϶֮⣬ǽڵ壬ǽ
ⷽҶһûǮϵûʲôҪ
˸һЩ޼УֽȥשҤǰЩʱҶβȥʹ˵ǽգҤһҶξϳϾôÿĹǼġæҶλͼֽŪĴóҶο
Ҷο˿һ䣺ܿˤô
ˤģҤǵҶ˵Ҫ󣬿ˤ߹⣬ˤˤ
Ҷοг񣬵ץһˤ
˵ҵصһ˵ˣͷĶӶûһ
ʦտ治˵Ҷ۾ˣϵĿڶ̹˺ЩȻϵõģЩеͥԺߣ֪Ĵûô⡣ҶҵҤȻܰѶô񣬻ˤίʵ
ҤҶοò˼ЦЦ˵˺üŪӡ
Ȼ۾͸㶩һǧٿ顣ͲҪռųɣʣµһߡҶҪԺǽ˲ŪݶϣȻͲ߸ЩһЩá
ҤȻڴӦⶫʵһŪͷͺŪˡ
һǧٿҲһҤӵ¶ҶԸǮǾ͸Ҷ˵ºȡ۸һ£ⶫһĴƣÿ߹һǮһǧٿöǮӡ۸Ǻܵˣ֪ԭЩǰĻ
ȻҶҲûǽۣǮۼҹȡ
ôһƣϵüͷ۳žչࡣöϱƽնĥЩ˲Ķû뵽ϱѴЩŪһһ־þ档ϲôúŪģƸϱʱȷʵ֪ϱʶ֡ʶָӿɲʮǧҲСʶ֣ؾûжϱ
о죬Ҳ֪¶˼һ˼ҹҪ˯žĿ޵ƳҶΣĿɫƽ͡ʱֽЩ߰뷨˦ԺȥҲҪҲҪ⣬Ǿͻި
ѵúͿ
ÿôһ͸Լˡ˼ң˵رި˼¡
ҶûôӶ˻ҴʲôãƵطȥ̵óԼ¶࣬ǵöû֪֮
ǻҶòŽϴԺɹҶλӺ㡣ҶεͷֻСᶼа˸ˣԺǽǵĲݳԡϺ˯һѹСӴӺͷݹ
ԶҶλͿ첽СӸҶοͷ
ЩˡҶΰڰ֣ȥϴһǽ֡
ϺҲû飬ͷźȥϴ
ܼԺоģȡˮϴܷ㡣ӣϴھ͸Ͻˡ
Ҷʰ¨Ҳȥѳ˶ǰԺϵļӡйľ飬Ͼ±ŪݡֲȴдҶһ㳣ʶǹŮũŮģĳʶܸЩô֣ʵʵٲᡣ
С϶ʱפǿֹصġϺȻЩ겻ֵأʵٱܼҵŮҪöЩˮʩʻǲЩǸʲôϰԡ
Ҷο˿ϣֿ˿Ϻˣȱ첲ȵֲؽܻô
ϿҶε˼աĿǵȰѺԺǼطһЩ۳ԵĲɫͷϾĥЩ
Ҷû˵ϺЩԼáһԵҶ˻չ㣬ҪҪԣ
Ҷһ㶣ЩԾؿҶáҶԵػĻ᲻ٻ
ͲԶǶɩչˣƽæ˼ҲҪȥæҶöԱ߱ЩǺȷؿڡȷʵտ԰ֹˣĶصĲ˶ҶҶɩȥˮʩʵġҲܲͰݿ
Ϊ֤ԼãҶԼֹˣҳˡ
ҶοãͷУðݿԡ
Ҷ۾һ¾͸˼ˣһúչ˵ġ
·ݣʵֲǹ˼ġ󲿷ܳԵĲˡҪֵĻֻܵȵڶҲ·֮յһһҲ¿ʼ֡ҶҲȫϵõġ˷ˣ˼ȥÿһС֡ܿϾһҶҲ᲻˷ѣܷܲ黵ˡ
ϺЪˣҶνȥ˷ųͷȥԺġ
ܼҵլռغܹ㣬ûھӣʵһҲǿԵġԺֻݼһС񷿣ԺΧ÷Χȴر󡣵ʮҶõøɴҲΪ˵ԺΧĵضԼҵģֻҪؿռҲû˵
ϺԼĪסܼҵһҪúñ֣һһĶء䤱ģɹ⡣Ҷôʹȥæ̶
ҶҲ±ҶθߣϺǰŰѵؿž͸ǰСӰѵع
գϺҶæûЪģһĶĵءѳԵޱȥ⼸ҶҲûţҶΰѳʳ̯Ҳ
дڣȥϰ̯ҲˡިÿոСӴ飬Ҳࡣ
²˲Լֵģ϶ȥڼ۸ѹӼİҲֻǮһ˵۸ѹõͣԵȴˡζʣȴǶʵĳʳһٸӲô׬ĵҲ㲻
˶ӡ۳ɱҲСվ
ͷ⻹ЦؿŶϱЩʱռǮˮһȥ˵Ǿûֻ׽š˽ľͶ
ҶҲĥԷ˾͵Щ
˶Ҷΰܼʩָ̯óˡ˵ʱûƷƵĸ־Ǳûֵĺã˵Ȼͻᱻע⵽ҶûѧоȴҲ˵̵ָ֬Ķأ
ӵһζ͹˰£֬ӵĶҲ֪ûȥѰ̯ӡҶ֪ҿ϶ȥѰǱһݽҵ̬
æӹر죬ת۾͵µס
ԽԽȣĸꡣʳ̯ҲԽԽ磬̯Ҳ硣˳ʱ̣ͷһɹʳͲôˡҶεʩ̯ǿóڶռһϯ֮أյķȶÿűʳ˵ʩ̯ıóԡ
ͷҶξ׼ͷ⡣
Ҳ±ϵǲ壬˵Ϻϴ±ĳǵΡҶԶ֣ҶþܰͷϴøɸɾÿЩµĶֻҶһ±ϣ±ò
ͷ¶ҶС
ȻͷøȥɡҶøɻڿ죬ֽۼֿ졣ͷʱҶҶΰ裬ϸǮǮҶȥĻֻ裬ܰҶ¡
Ҷһ⻰ûӦʶȿϡ
Сʵ塣˵ĥģ˾ܼҵϱһøȥ⣬ýĸ᲻᲻ˡ
ȥȥɡÿոʵҲۣϾɲڼʱš⣬С̯⣬Ǿһվվ죬ᱳ۶ģæҾ͸ȥ
ҶεͷӦˡ
ʳΪ죬仰ﶼҶαΪͷһ ϶ûô˭֪óԵ˱öࡣǴζһĸ̯Ӷ
ҶʮǮһͷⶼûˣһӾȥ
±ͷʱȫˡСӡʳģһҶβûǮٶȸͷԡǣ˰⣬ǵԼשҤһǧٿߣͽϸϺϽȥ
Χǽ¶ҶαԶš˵¶ǶѣⶫеĿ߹û͵ϡΪ˱֤ԺǽԽʵ¶Ҷβˡ
Ժǽ¶Сʮ죬Ūˡ
ǽҶλ˳ƽ˰ԺΧһȦ塣Сٸ߾ͷǽλҲ˺Щ壬ͷ˲ǮĲ޼Сһͷӹͷ巭ǽҲܱжȡ
ϿƣİҪ̶ֳȣ
ȻҶοɲֻ׼δѣⶼΪ˱һ档۵ֻһûôϹĵģ
Ҷúͬڶǳޣ˵̫ˣһֻһ
ҪĴңҵĴۿһӳܲ𡣡
ҶÿҶε۾Ҫų
Ūܼ꣬һССذһˡʱ򽲾ƣܼⲻƣǿǨưɡҶҶö˾ơϺҲЩҺ̫ࡣһӶŮӣ극ӻغԺȥЪˡ
ԺˣҶκȾƺϴ˸裬ʪͷڴǰɢȡ
ҹԺͷصһҵϵҶεʱû˯˾ƣ־ôѣ˶ЩƮƮȻȥԺ˸ӡûĽҶЩ΢ӺͿĺܡô볨ſ첽߹ȥǸӾһǽ˵ϡ
һƺߣһϤɤεؿڣҡ
Ҷɵۣһۿ衿ȵĲϱ߸ε˺һվǡģձĴƵģ޹ؿǽʱôˣ
Ҷȥһȣκģľֲŵ
衲֪ǹⶺŪôģҶһ¾ȻһжˤȥȻһ˲һϵŰ˷粻һ˲ˡ
ˣȻְˡ
ŬάŹӵķţûס㻹ڼԺװ˲޼У
Ҷ˵ģ˻Դ߹ȥһ޼У衵ƨϡ


38 
ûôʵȻôļֱӼβ׵ǡʱǼֻһ⣬סΰһصش׹ⶫ㹻ѪȾ˿ӡҶλλ߹ȥҪĲ޼кǺǵЦ
ֻЦǷЦԽЦԽ
ɾѶժޱؿŶڵֵҶĳˡ֪ʹǶˣӶûô˶ࡣ
Ƕ߳ŭȻشǰЦȥϱһ䣺Ц𣿲ѹ㿴Ц
ҶһЦÿ㤵ؿſڳ֮衡
ĿԣҶεʷˮ⣬˫ջȾƵպ졣㤵ؿ˶٣ȻŹ˺ĲԶعһӣؿǰˡ
ȵô˭衾Բô˵ģ˭
衣
ûͿĵز֪˵
衴ʱҲ֪úЦǸÿޡһûǹصҲһ㷴˲ʡò˵Ҷκ˶ҶλƵվȣһסҶһӵĹӣ˸ȥ
ҲŰѲ˵ȿڰһӰͦϤͰѵջȥ߽¹ľǶӰƨѪŶϱ²֪Ǹúǽд
⣬ǡĿⶢǰĿȣԾѡ
ղŷǽġҲرڣ֪͸ȥšԺӴźŷǽ˭֪Ѿͷǽ߾ˣŪ˴ߺ塣
ȥҨҾȻ˿ڣƾоҲ֪Ʋأнҩô
Ƴ衰Ҷչӵ֣һԺͷôһ¡
һ䡮㲻ţˤȳ˶ǻáתͷųٶ۵ȥͷҨСҾƹнҩöǰЩʱҴˡϱ˸ۣ˵Ǽƽٲſţ͸ϴ˲ٳõ˵ҩڼС
ƶ˹ҲӲģǴϾ衶ڵꡣҪӣҩڼӣмˣԸҡ
衿Цãͷ˸Ūȥˡ
ҶﹾʲôſʹﺬӦţ־ͶҶŵǸӣ˳ָ鵽źȥššȥģһֻ·ȵȥ£תͷ﷭
ҶξͷŴ˯վ
˺һźڻҶοڴ۾衰ѿӸˡûƣɫ͸뿪Ĵսһɴ
ã˵һ䣺ʰЩˮһ˾ȥࡣ
šһһҾƲ˿ڡÿе٣ֻȭͷСһС顣ˣ˲ѪùĨ˽ҩ̧۾ֱȼ俴ˡͷ϶еĶˣϵıȴЦЦ
״ʮ򶨿ڣô˾ƾܵô۾ˣ³ۣ
ˣƾʲôҿҶٿһվֱ˹衱ǲڴ˿ڣô˹̧־ס
Ҷν±ȸһ£ֱһְȥ¡
֫ӲﻹץմƵĲͷӣһ
ĿӣŮåٶ۵һ±ӣֻ˼ҵĶӣһֻڱǰؿڣ٣ͦȣͦͦİ
ӶڴͷУбеĿɮôҶβ֪߳ܵĶӱ쵽죬ٵϡһ˲˲Ϻ͹ӷȣƷҶץһӾʹҶһƨϣ̧ͷǰûˡ
衴ӶĴڷȥΪ̫æĸ첲⻹ڴϷصһ춯
˵ȥ˯ˣʵŶءһԣվͺʰôˣ
˶ܲػҶεˣǸܱƸסֻʣ¿յԿǡڵ³һɣûôˡ
ˣûͷûԵĻҲף˭ˣ
ûػˡΪҶεˡڵƬ̣ȥͷ˯
վ˺һȷҶεû˲üͷݡҶվſڣСϿ¡ҡҡͷʲôҲû˵˲Żȥ˯ˡ
ϴ»صڣҶѾſڴ˯ú졣
Ѿаȸߵĵһ˫̵۾ĵضƳһۣץŵѣǴһӡһлڴ߿Ҷһ߿˸˯Ǹ˷ƵƢԣΪҲءʱ˯ذҶξ̲ס뵽ĳûסҶε½ޡ
֪ߵСϱСֹһ䡣Ƭ̺ʶԼʲô衰յȥó˲ϯһ̣˯
ʱûôЪϢҲȷʵˡû˯ˡ
գûҶξˡϰߣҶÿնʱѡ˾ƲӰ¶ͷ±ˡһҶþڰҶ۾ͷ׼´һûʵ䲻ߵһĶ
һ⣬һһͷͿڵϵ衡
Կ˼Ϣоʲô϶ð˾Ʋɥʧ䣬ļһ֡һ֡ظԺ
ҶΣ
ﹾðݣ죬Ծһ¡
ˡʮ־ѣҶˡʱ۾ûɤﺬŰƵؿڣҾͳˡ
Ҷνһ٣ŲĲϯȥԱЬ
˸ƨɺͷй׷ƵĴЬܡ֨ѽһϣڵϵı۾˲ŻۡĬĬͷؿĶ˰Ĳͷʱô룬һͷ͸Ƶͷ롣
ҹ˯˸ʱҲ˯ˡڵ˻ѡ
ҶʰһȥϸҶöѱĲࡣ⼦²ڶѰ裬ҶءҶǸϹˣƼ۾ѧˡ˵ʵڵģֻҪͷϣŪøɾʣȻͻóԡҶðڶҶһЩ
ִյıҶθ׼ĶȻǸһġ
¶ϸҶһЪһաҶιʮͰӰˡϺںͷţܺøϳ¯Ӹ̧ţŤͷͿ衡
˵һ棬˶һ
ϺǳԾ衴ĶðģǾϺػסԼҡԽȺ䵽ҶϣҶüͷ㲻ɫذʸѹȥ
ֵҶøҶȥмţʹҴиϡ
һߣæҹ¶Ҳû뵽Լֳô£ҲΡ˵˼ƲأҲý˿ӸġֻաǽҶʱ߳ǽմߺͰװ¶
衸ȥŷǽÿĲи塣ͷеǲ޼еǴߡԼĪڼλãûסѧҶΣһۣˣʵʵš˵ˣʱջλãһλáҲǰ׼ǡ
衣
ܵβԼʹǺзȵظ˾ޣδѣʱ任öԡ
ϰһۣĵ⻹˵ֹֹ˫۾ûס޵ƳβԼ˵ûôûŸɣ
衣
ϵ۾Ƴæû¡
伲ҽ֪ϵã¶ܱܻġ
û£
Ϻһ˵ʱշ¶ĸ˵ҶһѾС
һȣоͿ硣ϺϽţϽȥĴѰλá
ийزͬ˵ҲǽʮǮһ⣬Щλöǹ̶ġͷЩ̷ʮ꣬ӳˣλö̶ˡʩ̯ǺͷŽ´˵ͷҲûȨġÿλöҪġ
Ҷлӣͷλñ仯ȻڿԴ̶иӿǺҶˡҶߵͷһλð̯ӰڹȥǷԱм̯ڳԾ²˱
ʱȷʵûרʶԴʩ̯ľ²˼úáǰεļҲ˾²˼ⶫģвβʱһҶ÷źϣζȻܶࡣģµģҶεҲûš
𣬼ļһ죬ζƮɢͿʼ⡣
ٸĿٸܳԵ£ҪԵ˶ࡣ̷Ϊ˸û緹ͻеĳʳ̯ӳԵ㡣һ׳ٵóܱġеθڴģܳԵȥ
Ҷ⣬ҶҲںͷ֡öǳÿģϺͷȣҲûʱҶŪûͷǴøɸɾվŶˡ
ٸʱˡʰʰ¯Ӻ͹ְͷ
ʹˣ߶ǰҶǱľרŴġûüؾ¶ˣᵽֳɵġͷʵǺãϵǮ˼Ҷ࣬ûǮ۸Ҳúܡ
ǵҲˣͷһ±ͷһ±ͷţҲеĺúõġҶѧ죬±͵ѧͷֱֺÿҶôҶλרŴһѵáˣ˶Уĸ졣
һͷ治һԭȱǮ࣬ҶƴظɻеġҲ˵ɻûù߸ɵòȷʵû취Ҷһġ
һģģܿͷȥҶοҶǱæñǼͷǺĥǲǸ㹤Ǯ
Ҷβǵȿˡǿ˾ԱʳҲǵÿǮġҶôܸɼֵܴģߵ
æһЪһ󣬿쵽ʱһˡͷζȷʵ̫ˣ״䣬Ϻۺܾݴζһ裬߲߿Ĵ̶פģɣ̶תģһŵζͶչ
̶ͷʦҪȾƵģǮáζ㣬ҶֲġһСԱ߸ǳζһھſҪʮ
С㾡СҶβᷢ٣ͷŪüȲҲ׳ҶᣬȻľǹǮ˶Ұ
˵꣬׳һӷŵϡ
ҶƳһۣٵҶ÷ӦҶο죬ǱѾʮͷ⡣˵͵ؾгһıƬҶҲæջóóƺõ飬ҲٵСʮ̫ˣһװ¡ֳɺü衣
һ˺ü⣬׳㣬һ֣ˡ
˵꣬ͷˡ
Ҷνùҧһڣӡ˵ߣĿأ߰Ҷöһۣ˴˵ﶼų˹⡣ҶˣüЦؽսԼɢͭǮȻŲŷġ
Ǹʦ׳һ˾ʮ⣬һͷͶʮĽһͷ
ҶνһͳŴĸͷͷʣСżԼҳԡʣ²һͷģȻͲˡʱչһϵ˹תһȦͶˡ
Ҷ㣬سԤڡȻؼҵ·ϣȥ̯һȶ
ȥ⣡
ԴҶøҶԺҲʼ̡ܼȫҶ˺̵ϰߣިСҶθ񫡣һղȶòԾ
ȷʵˣҶòŸźȲһ£ѾһȦҲ
ܳԵóԵ˭øˣҶȻûõֹǮҶҲñڼԿʲǿҶž׾ݣֻɩֶɻÿĳϢֻһӺڣ׳ܳԸ̳ģＸֶŮȸɲػŮ˾ֻܳЩϡģʣġ
˵ʱںԺԺǿĶˮƼҶλæʰˮͰ
ѾӪأ˵÷
סýĺôӪؾԱߣ衻ؼȻࡣҶȰǮͽȥֻջѳ¨죬һֻȥͷҲؽҶý¨Ĳ˶
һͱæظ
ڣϾͲ֡ϺͷĹȥ񷿡Ͻ¨ӵľ²˶˳ʰɾҶһϴһ͵˵Щ£Ҿú嶼Ǯ
Ҷ⻰һ˵׵ĽҶþõɴ۾ͷźöæϺҲһ¡
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ңһԺȣòǮϺ˼Ҳûǩʹܼҡﻹ˼ҪÿҲûٻ
ô˵ܸɵʵϣΪӻ̡һЩˣɻ϶˼ġ˶ٴĶҲᱻʱ嵭ҶμȻ£Ȼ˵ƯǮǣòҲȴš
Ҳһ䣺ʲô¶ˣЩǮҲܼʱóӦ
ȻǲһġϺÿǰ󣬸ϳֹܵҶθһ°ǮӡҶ˵ɵĲػҶ⣬㼼ռ׽ݣʹҪ޵ģȻЩһ¸һӡ
Ҷΰѻ˵ףﶼ
ȻǷ̸ֱġ͸˾̸ʿ϶ǵ̸һһ̸еǲѶҶҶãѱʱ䳤˻
ԭûǮʱҶøϺûģҶ˵¸¿ʼǮǼĸɻ顣ϺţҪȥ̰ͷϽϸɲˣֻܸЩֻҶθ̵ĵ˵ÿյͷţϺȥá
ҶҲЩϴ˲˲ˡŤͷݿѶϴˣûɵЩšҶλû˵ʲôϵûסҶ˽Ц˼䣺㵹ǻġ
ҶβΪȻôǷ΢ŽֹпܻᷢĲš
ԽԼ۹ĺãܾҶϱߣһձһİҶĹǣҹʰˣ
Ҷʰȣû⻰ʲô˼ûְ
û֣գգ۾ŶӽɫģҶεı͸ζˡ˵ҹӵӣʵϵ˵˾䣺㲻ùӴôӻˡ
Ҷαһ̧ϡϹû֣Ķˣô
Ҷе㲻֪ôش⡣ϲصģ˵׼ˣϡǵԼʲôһֱܾ롣ϴʱԺֻԼץʲôĶ˼µĻ棬Ӷʱ𾪵
Ҷ飬һ⡣ѹˣ
ûָҶˣӲû죬ˡ
ˣ˵һŽȥ忴Ǹ޼ϷմѪ˵մĲ̫࣬ǿҲմѪ찡Ǳÿ򰡣ʰ⺢ôộô¶Ȼһԣֲܵô
Ҷξˣľˡ˼ֻԥһ£֪ôش
УɾʣһˣʰķûԲأôܾͶˡϲ²һûȥ롣ҶεıһŻǺˣȥӪһˡ
ҶοվҪߣˣæץסûûϣҺ˺£
£ʲôϻعͷ
ҶΣ
ͷץץ䣬оûš
һԵҶܵòӰҶζװȵæվͷҪߣʱˡȥѷˣҲ緹ˡæţȥ
˵Ҫܣſ衲֪ʱˡޱվǣӲľ
Ͽ˿˵ҶΣŤͷ˿Ͽߵͨ衡ͷƳһ°֪ʶʲô㡭Ŷ~
衵һǿдϵЦݣĸס
󲻾ˣʲô϶һˣӶĸȻǷŵÿ˶һۣɸѵýȢϱôҹô󶯾ôˣò˰ɣ
һ衵ɫ֪Īĸ֪Լ¶ˡ
ʱͻˣͽɣͽʰǻôһӹģҪҸ㵽ϱûл˼ң
꣬ŲﺰһﰡȥǹӾƸ۽ȾƳ⣡
ҶԴԺ˵¶ʶȤˡǸδĹңȻĹ¶һͷԣæȥӦһű߶ȥþơ˼ܻݺݵһ衵ĸ첲⣬¡
ҪҶľ
εذ˼£ЦľǶ˾⻹ľ
ֹǺһӴιƿǸö
衣


39 
ǸöҲûдͺȾƵġǵ绹£ҶȻûȡϺźȰ˼ûȰҶֻգˣȹռвæٺһء
衻һֻһٷݵʱ绹Ҫ
ʰ¶񵽵Ǹʲô³̣Щͽɱٶɲһ׮С¶
˵ྩ߽Ǽϱʱ֪߽ռ࣬ϵûˡ侳֪յĿࡣʱʱһأƽͷյû˻ͷӪӪͶû˵ôǺôر߽פôŵøɣ
ʵҲһĵġȺפصǸʲô̬ȣǻûаӿԹҶη꣬Ҷׯ
û˵פʲô³ֻ̣˵һ䣺ܻ꣬а취˵ġ
һ˵ΪפزҪת˲һ˼衵ĻʱͱýšſӵȻ˵ʲô˼һڣװѵߵĻȥ
ʰ㡭
ȴûиؽͣܿϵŤͷҶҶׯ̫⡣գͻָ˳̬Ҷׯ˶࣬ǸׯӡʮģǲںɽӴܵˡҰģһû¡
ҶεͷеҶò̧ͷ
պ󣬱Ӫ˷ˡ
ã衺Ȼðһ䣬ľ
֪Ϊ˾飬ҪöȥսﻹǺ¡Ȼһ˲衾͵ΪӪĶӳ񡣡
˷Ҫ᣿϶Դ̵¶ʶ²ףıְɣ͢ѵһҪѪôӪ˸˶Ҫ
ĸףϷ衵
ۿҪҶοһĸ飬æȰפôſ϶еġȺ˸ſͿͨ׷Ͽȣ¶ͷפǷ˺Ľ˷˵ġϾ˾ͳ
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ҶƤһβϵ˼ΣĸףڼȻҪӪز
Ǹÿ̿ûǡ
˵⣬ƳһҶΡҶæɿŵ֣һȥ
ϣ
һٷԵмѹ֣ҶϺҴҶöȥϴˢ衰ϸҶζгšϺϵţһȥϵĶ֡
ջ÷˸֪Ҫ뿪ȥ˷ˣǸҶһˡ԰ϰлӵģиųƽ԰ǳϷ԰ͷһȺפؾٺ̶Ӵ򽻵ļӡ
˵¾Ƥ⣬ҲǱؽϢͨһˡ
衵ҶζĻ׳棬²棬ҲܲµҶʲô֪ҶϢͨĪҪСƼӣǲСطϢͨˡ
϶ڶӵ¶ЩʣҶȴûܡ
ȷʵһطϢͨĳȻǷ³
Ŀջ࣬Ӷֵֻҡÿҿͷ࣬СջһҹӴһʮˡԭҶξ֣ô̶ЩҹﶼĶЪϢȻЩѪĺŴѡ硣
԰ϰгַǸʮµĸˡ
ϡܿóʱòʹˣβңм׺һſ˵ɤɴࡣһЦ۾΢΢ʶʱ׽ࡣҲ֪ôʶģҶξ衵̬Щ𾴵˼
˫ѡڲݼ棬ǰмֲˡȼųַˣһ̼ҡȻƬ̣ٿַʱ۾ʱͺˡ
ҶһԿԼĪܲµóַľ϶оɻ߸оɡϸһ¹ʱŮ䵽Ϊ潼˵;˱˹ֻʣ»䵽Ϊ˵ģ󲿷Ǽ˷šﲻȴ޷ļҾΪūŮΪ潡
ַҶãĻҲû˵ֻӦҶ¿ȥ԰Ѱ
Ҷεл衾Ҫǻȥ绹ҪӪزôϿ˼۳ַСȴҶλȥַ˵仰
ģӦϸַоɡҲࡣ
衵ͷҶţ
ôһҶι¶ҹΡĥ¶˾ţϡţһһεģҶǰûע⣬Լĸ첲ϲ䵽ϡţͦԱŲŲ˻첲⵷ֵ衵ؿڡ
Ҷοһۣ޹ػĵôôԱŲһ㡣
˻첲޵ز䵽衡
Ťͷ衵ۡĿԣһ˫徲ķɻҶüͷͷ˵ľ롣üһһˡǳŸ첲׼Աһ㡭
ңűˡ
ʵҶŲҲǺԣ˱Եƫһţн߲ˡϺоӲ˳ͷһۣſڵŲҪˡ
ҶΣ
ϸţüһ衴Ҳ಻֪ʱţм䡣
λͷߣվĪмֽơҶ˲ܼģһ׿ںˡ΢ķһԴۣس๫ǁô
衣
ţ嵽Ķ£һԵĻŲֱߣ
衣
ͷһθܵϡŹֵ˷ʽ衾Ȼסˡð첻֪˵ʲôһ¾ͺˡðףɹڴϵİ𪣬һرԡ
ҶǱ׷ɱӦˣһ죬ҶεҲˡ
ŴӾôܼǰ
ųȥ¶ި͸ҶáҶʱҲϴֶŮֶӣӵĺܡڼҴһڼҿҡţͣҶǣިӭӣವһ
Ϻͷ˵ʱЩĪ̧ͷ˿ѵñסֿ˿һǰһ³ˣֹһ䣺ͷ̫ɹôɹô죿
Ҷιôô죬ߡ
ű߿ܽݣƳһϺȷʵͦȡһӪˣһĸ׻ĸ˵һ
˵꣬ӻóһϺȻתˡ
ϻȻû衣ѾӪءԼĪǿ޹һ˫۾׵ҡϴިڷ֪ЩʲôҶβԼǴ飬ˡ
ϵڵÿ죬ԼĪһĹͷǶҶһڼѾϴɾں±ʰ²˾ȥ±ͷ⡣ҶһˣǮ˶ѡѶܴˣûġ
ҶεȫͬϺЩϲЦտ
ͷͣö궼áǮץҩҴϣΪ˸ϰβûһѡǸųԿ࣬ΪֹСûһѡǼĲҪĴ첹ñؤûǿ١
̯Ӿȥ˳ҶЦеģһÿһ˫Ьӡ
Ҷ֮ȷʵˣѴˡǽóַðһ⡣֬ˮȶõ˾ǼӡҶǰʮӣ͸͸ˡæ¶һֱûĹ֬·һ룬ǲǸð԰
֬Ǹ֬һڵġӾͲأֱӶԿͻǼ۸Ϳᡣ˵ȶ֬ĹҲ̫ࡣ
ҶŤͷͰ¶˵ˡ
ϲ˲־Цںת˼ȦؿҶξԹ
ԹǮĥǮ·ܲöôҶЦЦ԰ӵҲϤóսȥ֪ܲ˭̸áϾǵطǽ̫ƵҲã׳¶ֻ˴
ϵ¶ûҶζö࣬ž;еȷʵҸԼˣԷʱһʡ
̣Ҷһüͷϵչôģ
գգ۾¶ϱ֪ȥҲ˵̫ףֻѡ˵˵Ǹˡͬ磬ʱн顣ֻҵ磬û˴˱ûϳĹ䵽ؽ
ҶͲµˣҲȡͷ̺ʱ
ԼĪȸհɡ
˵ҿûˣʰأû˵꣬أ
ˡҶαȥյҾˡ
һ⻰ߵض˽ţﶼû飬ľͷԹӣ
Ҷľ꣬ûӻ
̸˳ϺѾѾ²˸ʰˡ￡ҴӵѾࡣѾ˵ɫЩ԰סʱھ߹ɵСϣүүһʰҶ߳æ㡣
ңҶλû˵أϺֹǶң
￡һںڵҶκþãĺҡҶʵǺʲôУ߹ȥСԴϺסңֵܸղиø㡣
˵Ų˲ʪ֣Ƕó
Ҷɻֽӹȥһͨ׶İ׻˷˹Ҵ𸴣
ȻǼ򵥵һ仰ȴһžʯӽ̶ǧˡҶεĿ˵һʧȻһһ£ҵ
ϴͿҶɫԡպͮͮģʲôڿ߹ûƼʲôͿҶΰֽһЩ֣˾ôˡϱȴǱŵһɰͰ͵˵˾ûʲôž²˾ȥˡ
ڿʲôʻŵϺ
Ϻãʶ֡ҲôˣʱΪϰҲǻ˲ٹģȻһЩŮ¶¾ЩЦٶҸдһš
Ϻû˵ʵǲôһӡֻܽҶζҾУסܲһ˶жҡνһǲǷֲ壿
ĿҲû֣Ŷһգգ۾ЦǾͺЦĵľͷҲôľġ¾͸߸˵ȥæˡ
һ磬ҶøҶγ̯
û취ʳûͷǰҪľŵͷϡϵУŰﲻæֻҶȥ
ԴҶ˵ҪǮҶñ˭ɵĻСڼҸɻ¶û˸ǮġǮԶԲõġ׵ǼĶóԺõĴõ˵һʲô˵Ҫﶼ˵Тǡ
ҶʲôТǣ
ֻ֪ҶŮУõţûأӳԶŮҲܳԣöںԷϵĻҲ¿ӼС
㣬ҶþԼԺȻÿɵĻ࣬ǳԵú˯úҲûð˵úܣ˵ǲǿ԰ǻԵһ
ϻǸܻü죬Щˮˬֽܽ
һᣬҶҲʱ̫࣬ÿæžˡ˵ȵʱúáø죬Ǹõʱ򣺡ɣæùĻһϡþˮŲźóԣζҪܶࡣ
СҲ⡣ҶҲЩһһ㡣
˵ϣӲʳ̯Ӱڳ˹ˡʩ̯ڶҲˡǾ²˼ͷúá
϶õţⶼûĺóԣûǮĴԴ򳢹̯ϵͷ⣬;ţⶼû¾ˡҲûͷô̯ϵζҲһ׮£ʩ̯ͷǶһݣҪֻҺá
űǳĿ˾͸Ҷ߿ٵСʮȥȻи˼˵̯ǰͷˣվӸǰͷֿ
ʩ̯
û뵽ǸʶֵģŤͷҶΣң̯Ӹʩ̯йϵ
ǾǴġҶһ˰һ˵ǱˣȥˡⲻһӾͰˡ
Ҷλһſڣ˾Ҷεϳȥ
ʵ˵ض뺷ҲôŮƵġҶαһҪ˵˺ȻһĴȣҶϰ壡ǵҲ̵֬ĶңǰӵģŶɻӡ󣿡
ҶαЩð;ϲˡæλÿҶýǸӽеһȥ˵
ҶͷĻˣñҶκá
˸ҶεԱߣæؽԭԭҶ˵ˡ
ԭҶθЩӣʮվˡúãͺЩ˹ʡ̵֬ĶҾŸϽȥҶŪǡɸϮ
Ϣͨúܡ¶ֵĻ̵̻ģ͵һʱաò׵ǱͣˣȥһϮ塣ȥģⲻ͵鵽ȥʹˣиûʩ̯˵ˡ
ĳǰˣѰǧٶȣȻףȴڵƻɺ
Ҷû뵽˻ʫЦеӦˣҲԵ֡
ɲǣˣȥһǶ˵һͨԼҡ⣬ϴҵĵճӣϺö̶ҵĲҵʵٶ̸ܸںϻ˵Ҫ飬۾ղײգ
Ҷ͵ȻڴӦ̯ӻ⣬ҶһҲ֪ææĹ룬ҶϺȥһˣӹ
ٶ˺һӣȻһҶεϺϸӹ
סҲԶһӵ·ûһˣ͸Ҷһæ̯ϵ⡣Ҷαٶȥ˲ݣӵ̸
ٶǸʵˣҲͦϻظҶεļ۸񱾾ԣ˭֪Ȼ͵֣ص㡣Ҷкüζζжʮ飬ӻζģһζͣ۸ߵȻɱ
ٶʵϣҶҲǳ⡣һģһǮһļ۸ٶд飬Ҫÿ¸һʮ顣ͶҪÿ³ʱ򽻻Ǯ
һʽݣҶͷǩְӡٶǩҲӡ¾ʮĶ
ûȥԼĪǿҶϰ̯ľ״Ǽ׾ݡȸгɱȥϣʱ˵㣬¸Ч
ҶȻǵͷЦеظٶɺ
Ӳݻʩ̯ߵıѾòˡҶθ˵ظһĵĻҲҶһɫ̸֪ˡҲˣʳʱЦݶࣺȥҲܺһپˣ
˵꣬뵽衲ڼңʱյŻģʰ
ҶΣ
ҪǴȫ¶Ǵˡ
ˣ㵽Ǯã˵ʲôǶԵġһϸ˳һţӪȴװ˵˵պ˷ˣΪͷߵüֻǰ
Ϊ˵Ǻܶ࣬ȻҲࡣһˡһӡӶĺɽߣԽͶʲԤպִ
ʱЩһġ
ھгƺΪ򡯣ܶʱھӪפ֮ǰɳȥκΣġǻõģŪһΪһ֦˫ȫˡµϷ忴УɱƳΪν˷
ûп⾭飬ξôһԽ߿졣
ϣſȵζһ޼ʵĿҰ˰СӷֳСֶӷֱǰ⣺ʱڴ˵ؼϡ
ԽһƬĲԭԭŲ塣˱ǲڴˡ
Щ˲һˣʣµĶɢ˴ΪǱ£ڳԺڵҲŲŽᣬЩһֱ⼸ðһ׼ˣׯͬʱɱ塣
뵽Ժвðһһ˫̵۾ЦһǵûǸͷƺӵһ˫۾ĻѪ塣
֪Ǹ÷أ


40 
ɽһ޼ʵĲԭڣĿ֮֮ڱ١
оʫСĮֱԲĴཫʿ˵ȴһľĴ޵ڱβ淽İĳز֪˵Ĳ֮ԤкηǷеϮҰ赲ʵΣء
˴γ±ӣӵҲһꡣ
һȫµĶ飬ǽ·ݲŽפأ¡вٱս֮ˣЩ˲ûܹϵͳսѵսʵһɢɳȴҪԵ׼
֮ޣӳίɫûз
·س·㱨
֪ûУ㱨üĽһԲնһˮԴƽϸߵλðӪկȻⷽûо顣սȷʵǽ˧֮šսԣٺ󷽣Ӫկõûû³̡
ɫӪԾҳһş̌ۿ߽ڳԼв
ҹĻٻҰҹĲԭԶԶȰΣաʿǴפس;˺üգǾ嶼۲ս֮ǰܼʱǷǳġһϮǿȫ
Ǳ롣ͷ˻ң衲òԽ޴ҡ
ȴһŷͳȡ赭ֺ±֮оͷǳİμ⣬Ϧദ²ŷվɿ˳棬ָӽʿѸľդӪ͵Ӫ
һȻľդˮޡսѡé޷λǳҪһãܻȾߡˮҲýţغúǱ֤齡ȫҪһ
ڱȥھӣþ
һ֮󣬶ҹɫڳ֮ʱ
ȷʵǸˣյˣ򱾵ˣǰս˴󹦱ȥ
ΪʿȻǺ¡еܴȴ˽˧ǳܳһ򵱹Ī֮¡ʱָȨжЩ֮ҲѸ侲û˱ա
֪Լ߱ͳﲼĲܣûֹ衵Խ޴ҡ
Ⱥ˵ˣһƬԭꡣԵεòϤͿտ֮սʽ˱ǿöࡣ֮ôⱣפû취
ҹ˼úټв£ѯ衵ƽ
פǰбֶδªĿĲڵ¼ͼ¼ƽʱϸ衵˽١˵ܴ򣬱һ֪
˼룬Щġٶͱ뿸ûǽ˴˼ջǺģ˰Ҳ˹
˱ıûУҲȷʵǸç򡣵ڴ¶ϼɫҲһӱʱ´󹦣λá˵ĳö֮صڽսָȨöɸ衡
һ뷨ﺢӻڼҵţɲôڽ˷һϡ
ԭڼƻαѪеµָȨû뵽õıĻ졣ʱЩЦá̬ȶȷسȻǵʲãˣǱְ⣬λڳþͽս顣
ν˷Ծթˡػ׶ʮִªȻͷɳûӮ˼ǻزȥ
衲ɽɫ࣬ɫĳʬλزƤǳ棬һһֽŶȥιǣչҰ֯һΡο걸ѡսء
սȿ֮ءһܻȫû
ʵѴ򣬿мս飬ʵǰϮܿɫ׿ɱַ׶񿴣ʵһȺΪΪһں֮ڡһΣֻɢӿֻҪǺ±ɢӿʱֻ趨·ߣܺܿѵҵǵĲ֮ءֻҪҵˣһ˳ȥ
߽ܹĵؿΣѡѵսַ
ߣҶҲæˡ
̵֬ٶǩ˳ڵĺ飬͵ʽ˵ֻһֻ֬һҡôÿӾ͵ù̶һ³ֻ̡Ҫ̵ܴ֬г϶ࡣ
Ҷλ԰̸һ⣬Դ͵б֤
Ȱ̵֬ĻԴ֤ٵÿճʮ԰һˣҶȻż׼ԭϾӴҪ£Ӳõʱ򻹵öʮ졣ԼĽÿ³Ǵ¸¿ʼȻҪץ
컹δǱϸҶþˡںæȻ졣ҶҲģһͻȳ̯
ϴͷ±ͷĻϸҶȥÿնҶͷʰ²ˡϴ꣬ϻã˭п˭ͷ±ˡǿҶ±Ȼ±ʲôʱ̡ɣЩ񶼲ҶΪˡ
У̯һʳ;Լ۹æһҶξøýæʱʹǮȥɹӵĲϡ
ƹˣҶ۾ܰѲȫѾǳէණĶ򲻺ҡҶδӶͷתͷòװѲϸȫȥУȻⶼѾ̶ԼԭϵĻԴҲӦù̶ǡ
趹Եȶൽ̯ӺͷҶŤͷҪȥҸɻ
˵ԭҪһЩԼĪǶǰϡȱϵİڣԼ۸ϻȽϺ̸ҶθϸɻתͷϺȥӡϻʮ֫࣬ٵʮֻࡣ
һСһͳɱͷò˵ôһ컹롣ϺȥһˣûֻҪĻֻܵա
Ķû룬ϺҶ˵ôÿҶεġ
Ҷεû⣬ڰ֣ȥֻôһҲ꣬ǵ÷ּղС統ʵġ
ô˵Ϻһȥ򡣡
˵趹ԡɻȶĥĥɷĩҲҪһաҶνϺܸ߶ȥĶͽϺ˳ƿŶԼȥׯ˺Щ˵˸һ˻һѣȻҪֵġûϵתǻû
˵ԭϻæҶǻǮ÷졣
ϺҶ󲼲ųûϺ־Щ̲סˡû취öûѣˣѵһҲﲻסˡ
Ҷγ겼ָ÷ԼʱȥܼҸ
żȻôǮɴһԶɼҲԵò࣬ķۡϴβɹõĲ࣬ҶθɴһЩʯһʯ˶ʮסһţʳν׵ȵҲ˲١
Ͼ²˺ͼͷЩܼһϻСʮࡣ
ǮʱĸˣһĨڴʣû٣ǷȵӾЩ侲ÿʱ˲٣ȻִţٶǮġҶ۵ſ˵ĺɰʣµǮһСӡţԺô󣬲СӶЩ
ҶξżأСڳιιˡ⻹һľ顣ԭûѼ˳ԵιѼţʡºЩʳ
Ĳ࣬ȻϲôʳܾЩģϺȽͻؼȥԸȥ̯ӡ
һȻҶθҶ⣬⣬ҶθҶó̯
̯ʱҶæôղ֡ϻʮͷĺˡԼĪյͷžúãſھͽ̯ʣµͷԲˡŸոʱ̣ƽʱһͷꡣôһŪǰ̯
ҶθϽ첽ȥӼóͿʼС
æֽŲˣҲ˻ͷꡣǴҲˬ죬ֱӴӻһӷŵ̯λϣһ˵ˡ
Ҷùȥֵ˵ߣԼĪʮ
ǣŻȥһתͷҶζʱ˵ĶôˡЦذݹȥ˳ںѵ˾ˡ
ˣˡǺӿ׺˵ˬ죬ڵġ
ڰҿ׳˶ǸղġҶһڣ˳Żͷ˵һܽ棬Ц޲ɷȻҲܼ˶ⲻһЦʲôͻأߵʲôڰı߰
Ȼǻ̶ѺһЩĺöȥ򡣡׳ЩҲΪ⣬Ǿ̯ĿƷֻ࣬ҪǺöóȥѺ˵ġ
ҶͷǲҲеģ
УôûС׳û˼ɣǾøҶ˵Ҳû£һܻ䶼ûУģ˵ĶУǱߺúܡлô
ɲǣҶҲʵϣⲻû·ô
ҿɾͰﲻæˡ׳⣬ҶһۡҲûҶôʲôֻǸѺڵʦ
иǮǾͳѺڡ˵ȷʵ̶ͬͬסʵûʲô顣ѺǼݵĴеڣȺ˰úܡ⽲һ档ջҲöԷиӻ˫̸⣬ٸ̯СƤӡ
ǵͷ̶ܸӵͷ˵ϻҲ˵ϻûͷ鷳ͷȥǣߴŵġͷ˵׳ͿʼҶҲһ䡣
ӻҲ⣬Цеۼ档ǸԼҳԵġչۼˣһȥԳζ
Ҷβ˵׳ҲȥЦ˵Ǹá
Ҷ͸Ūһ棬̺õĶѿܲ˿ȥõĽ֭øСװһ룺ȥԵʱٵȥ裬˾ܳԡ
ҶԼŪġҶνôϣһˮѾˣҲм
׳ȻûǮͷô࣬ҶҲҪǮ
׳һߣͷʾûͷˡЩûžЩźһҶνһֹ˵һ䣺Ҳ̸רͷ⡣ͷ˼ţⶼĺãʱûˡֻôһĹ̸棬úҲǮǣ
һᣬҶȴǱһ¡
Ҷǰû̵棬Ϊͣºͷս£̵Ӳôһûô״ȷʵ̵档
Щʣ֪ͷûˡһģŪҶöˡ͸±ʮ˸ͷ϶׬١
˵ŻϺţֻˡ
ŻȥһˣôණҪжҪᡣٻȻͻЩʱŪһͷһͷⱻ˸ԲˣЩҪضʣĲͼ۸ѹõ͡һ˳һ룬ʣµľǮһˡ
һ˻صңިСѾԺ￴С￡СһһѲӣȥԺͷڳӡԺĥ趹ۣͷ¶
Ҷμ̯ϳ˵ӣӵ¶ҶĥһÿСȷʵȷʵͷԽԽζһݣ۸ֱţࡣЩԸһǮͷ񫣬Ͷ۵
С̯ϾãиӾ͵˰ıǮ
Ҷΰ¶һ˵ϳƬ̡ҲûһȾϹʵиҶһĵǡӪֹڳʳϣʳ̰ڵĲ׬ǮǼҵ⻹ǵöϡĶǴͷһȥһٰʮ
ڳʳӸúõȶ
ӿˣһȫͷ
ҶʵÿˣǸܸɻڿˡʳ̯ӾҶβڣ׵ӿ˸ɡ±䷽ǡ
Ҫ̴󣬲ԶڼͥСðشˡ
⵹ǡ
˵Ҳǵҵģ˵󲿷ʱߵĵ֣ҲǶģһöǮõά־Ӫ׬١
׬϶׬ģǰڿ϶ͷǮġͷ׬ͷʵСǸӱ̫иôȶҳʳⶫֻҪϻ꣬ⲻˣٺϼƺϼơǾ仰·һһߣǮһһ׬
ϵͷ
ʱ򣬲÷ܼҸһ˳ߴ磬ָȡѵڣ˵ʮպáһһͨЦ֣Ҷθ˵ظһٺõġֺһͨơ
ҹ˯ðΰѵʱԺͷȻصһ졣ʲôſҶδµĵȻ۾
ѾȸˣοݶݡСʱһУϲźͷĵضˡضվŴתһȦҶζĴ˳ȥСӰںڰдܵķǳ죬ವһ¾ʹܵſڡͷصһС
ԺͷȻһһŮѹɤӲΡΡĿڣطôǰ
ӦòᣬһҲѹõͣеפأӦˡ
һҶش˯оѡҶΣǱߣԺϺҲ˵ơҶδͷһѵϸҶҲһһѵش
һſϡҶһų
ԺſڣҶľң·ҪؿŶһѹȥغȵʲôˣ
ͷ˱Ժ˻£ΡΡҪſˡ
ãһ̾Ϣиѹúܵͣ㣬ǰҸ˵¶ܲܽסһʱա
Ҷһ㶣ŤͷҶöһۣûҶ
ﻳˡ


41 
Ҷθ϶һۣǰűҶθסˡܹأִթƭʽʶö࣬ҶζĪҹֵ˲رΡ˵ŮԾͲʺʲôӾŮԱؼҵ鼸ܷϡ
ôҵģҶʵҹˣʲôˣ
ȻҲûϵҶεĽôءƣԼؽ˵ˡԭ뿪ҶׯֻڼҴСס˼գȻһ˰ļˡ⣬˺Զ·ûļң·⵽Ϯ
ʱ䣬һֱҶöء
ǰո߳ɥȪǰʱСһ˽ɱΪ˻סϱ˺󲻵òӵ򣬽˴֪Ҷͻˡ
ôܼҵסַȻСϲ˺üաȥдġ
ҶɫЩأμʱ˵СЩİݡһ¶Ͻɱݿ϶򵥡һһУҹĲߡҶ˼֮ϺԺš
ţſվһӡɫҰ׵ҶòҶõСҲ΢΢¡˵һƥڷֵԺӽԭⲽ
һȵԺǰһ˫ķ̹۾Сһ
㡣Ҷκһ
ǰĵضİˣתͷߵҶεߡ
û˵ʲôֻҶøһʰӡ
ܼҿȻУլҶҪռ󷿼ࡣҶסһ䣬ϺҶôި˯һ䣬Ϻһ䣬üӶǿŵġ
ʵסûʲôģҶȴܽǳ¡ܹҶѪҵʱ򲻹顣ϾܼһӶ棬Ҳ֪մȾʲôѪծֻɾͲˡ
ʰϺҲ˵ǣȥ˺ԺȷʵЩأһֱӴļι˼׵档ҪֻƤû˵࣬Ͳˡ
ҩԼˡҶʱӱࡣų౿׾˵ࡣǰӶģ๫ץҩǮ⻹еġ
ҶβСǵץҩǮǸ̫ĸۡҶðѻ˵ףҶθɴҲѻ˵סʱǲڣͲÿڡ
ֻסյֱ˵ˣչǵƻָҲܸɴ࣬һûӦδ֪Σյ
ʵ˵ҶĻ˵ȷʵЩ档˵ǣ϶˵ǾܾһίܵҶΪ׽ȴֱӰѻϰҶεĸ첲ʾ˵ίЩϻû˵ҶҲͱʾ⡣
ĵ׵ġȷʵһͿˡ
ΨһսģǷվſڵֻǣ˺֮뿪סʱǷҲ¶߶鷳ġ
Ҷεͷ»˵塣
ˣôˣҶЪ˰ɡ
ܼÿҪĸģʱһҪҶøСˮϴҶʱע⵽ܼҡҪ˵˶ɢˣԼ๫ҲˣͰѵߵĻȥ
ϺصԺｫԺָϣϸûͻЪ¡
ĸ죬ܼԺӾѾæ
Ҷ÷ôû˯һȾѵ˯£ԺĶûܾǡ
ԺæȻ죬һҶθҶȥ⡣ӵĻҪļϴżĥ۶ĥñȽżţ뿪ʼɻҶһ˯ѣܼҵСԺͶʯīת
ҶЩ˼ϴһҪæɻ
Ҫ֣źأǧˡҹ廳еŮӽǰ㲻ҽɵġ
ƳǸӺüۣе᣺ˣ
Ҷ¶Ҳ֪ʱʱһʡҶʵϵ˵ĸ£ʱ֪ԼʴˡҶòų׶ã⺢ֳ¶ǻػϵġæͷϾͰѻƫǺø⺢ӽ׳ġǸġ
ǰһ·Ҳû£⺢ȷʵܽ׳Ҷᵽӣü۶ɻҲС꣬ǺϢҲ˰ɣ
⻰ǣһ仰͸ʵϵϣ϶ˡϢˣƨֶӴһָͷûǸԹ֣
ܣϺӦ˻ʱ˽ĹѪͷ衡ڿʮ·շһЩ˻ĺۼĴʮ·˴Ƭձ
ȷ˷λȰز塣
˸ݲһտĳأǻġ٣жҪֻλսǴ˴γز֧һ¡ںȥ϶֮٣ֻѡյܣս
ڹ۲Σһ֧˳֮ھǵӣӴܵ·޼޼ⶫΪƣпסɡ𿴶ܼ򵥣谭˽Ч
ɳһ𹥣ĵɧţȺ׷ٶһװսܣֻӴܡȺҪóϷģš
Լڵǲϲ䷨ӲáһȥɧšĲ˵ڴ¶Ϻһסһһݡǳûĵͽɧ֮£˵ıס
һչ򣬾߰ʮ˳׷ɱֹУףĴӴܡ
˷λصȴʱ֮ǰñŭ׷򰵵ָ𹥶ӳ˹˽ءǵ˴Ľʿ׼ʱ޼һȫٱܵƥӣڰʿȥոͷ
һ̴ǽһѸ٣˲Ϣ֮ոʮͷ
ɱһĶǵȥûôʣº󷽵˷ԼʱתӴܡȴֿƿտĳص壬⧲һӡ֮һ֮һأһص޼
һݶոӳһݶӣһ·һǷʤ
һ̴ǽһɣһվȫɱԶձ˾ԣӡѰƵձ󷽵ĶҲӺ󷽰ǰһݶӵлһ˵Ĵѵ㣬̾·ûõɾ͸ˡ
ߵµļһĸûָȨһƬɫ仯ЩûӦȷӦӳձһĿ
Ŀӣȿڣˣȥѣ
ǷӦѸӣһӱձӪȫλձܵܳȥܲ˹ڵϿͷġ
˽£ȻٰӪط˸׳졣
ս˲Ϣ䣬˵ͷ­¼սʱɫŽ
ɫһ衾
ʱձӪһƬǽ壬ӪĽʿض顣׷Ӵʮ·ʧȥӰֻܰ˶顣صӪؿصţ˷ǳԭ޵ý˷ʧܵ׼˲һ֮Ǹ
һˣţ򣬺Ⱦءýʿ۸ߺ
𣬽ʿǾٱ
ʵϣԭ뷨˷ȻǴɱȥɱɱ١ı֮˴̸çᲢۣսõúãܲһһȡʤλȥĹ̲ͣסĿڻȣˣҿҪúõظһ
ܼûȡôʤ衹û
ỹûȻ˷ˣ˰ˣɢҲ˳ƽỹδãҶȴ˾ҵϵľҶ밢øϳԭھ߸ɻɵúúõģȻͻҶθдš
Ҽǵо;ͼ顭
һСؽɨһŤͷҶϴ˵˻ʰоҲ֪úòãһζһ£һûСﰡﲻбīֽ⣿дŸʰ˳ӴЩʳҲð
Ҷδĵһ˾ϣ֮ãദʮǢȻϵĸ鲻һ㡣ʱ˵Ҷλǻһģðɣ๫ڴ̡
βã˼׾졣ϺоصʱһСС飬ҲǸ˻ȥ˵ʰڼʱͲһֺóʳⲻղãóԵģȻҲͷȥ
˵ͷôһ˿˿ˡ
ҶƳһۣȣָЩʳûȥ๫Ƕ㻵ˡ
Ҳһ⡣ϵֻüˣʰյ˾ͻˡ
ҶΣ
УҲǲ
УҶҲôˡҪõĶ׼ãͷָֻϺȥǡͷҶϴҶöܰʰ²ˣȷʵҲܿճʲôأĳʳܷգ˾͵û
๫ϲʲôҶμǵ衺е졣
֪ͼǵСϲŭɫСʳҲûƫáȻҪƵĶϱ磬Ȼǰ˵ϲЩֻҪģʰġ
ըܾݴ˾Ͳܾݴ
ɰɡ
ܷžЩСըͦͷŻ㡣һӦЦеĽ飬ըʲôʳͺá
Ҷըʲôըʳ϶ǲеģȳġֻըЩʳ˼ȥԺһ뵽ľǼҲͦףϼҲ࣬öܷŸʮµġ
һ룬ҶʰʰȥˡҲֻͥģԸʡҶŪۡǡͣϲ֥ζĿŪ֥顣ȼͽͣƻγɣͽͿõִࡣ
֮ͷǼΣͣ򼸸ȥͳɺѼĹóãС̣žܳ͡ⶫǳ򵥣ͺƺû
뵽˺Բ̫ģҶû࣬ûһһѡ
˵ʲôֻҪ˼ʲôĶǺġҶԺŪʱζһưȥֱҡβ͡˰ԴԺЩ˶ڸɻæ۾ިҵӾͶڲԶӶ̵ġ
ҶοĺЦ˵һ꣬ȳζ
Сһ󻶺˻ˡ
һһС裬ⶫ̫ˣһ͵ҶθϸҲˣҶȻǵڶǮ۶ˡһڵһӦǺóԣڶӦ㣺㡣˵ܲܰᵽ̯ȥҾñȵӵĵĶó԰
ҶΣҶĶԺüˡѲǰʶ٣õĶˡҶû˵һҲ۾ġû⣬˵˲⾭ЩĽ
Ҷβʲôװһ־ÿ͵ֵʱ׼ը˿
˿һֽϵСʳ죬̿ڵֹӡжΣ͹ըˡҶĸҹʱĸԺӸСըճըִģҶξʽСҲͦóԡ
ִ򼦵档ﻹʣ˲̣ÿնһͰ̻ʣ˵ЩȫӽȥŪ֥飬ǣгĴָССζըһ
װϳһСѶ᲻ͣ졣ԹĵĲ֪٣ζִζСȴǵһγԡһ߳һߵͷʰ϶ϲ
ҶЦЦĵϲҲϲ
˵衼ĶģǰվѾҲҵ˴ŵʵϣû¶ҲŵġԸдšҶ˸ƤëӰѶãó
˵ѾҺˣҶοԸȥæȥ͡
Լ־ȥﻻѣ׼һϴͷϴ衣ը㲻ãͷǡԺҶζϴһͷģתͷȥˮ
ϿˣݰԼһдõóżﻹʲôӴϣԺתһȦȻһˮСѡһŤͷһҶסĶݣֱӽҶδǼСѸһȥվ
Ҳ˵Ҷκҹϴʱ򣬷ԼһСѻЩ֡СǲǱˡǱշתʮղյ
ʱŴͷæذ˵ǼĶһˡõϺôһʲô򿪾һˮСѣûŵѰˡ
衣
˶٣ѼĵǸʲô


42 
һЩʳȻҶǰϣѾһǰСԭģ衼һƬճĽ࣬ܳԳڵĵ㡣̫ζոպáը˿ʮջִúܣ֪һСѣǵЦݾûϹ
ųʳһĻţһС˵ĸ׵ıʼһȻǼġ衿۷ҳϵ֣๫
ּƯܹƻĸ֣赭üĿԾ
ûżҶεģȿĸ׵šʵ֮ǰһµЩʲôȻʱڼʱз֮¡ἰҶӺϵĴ㣬˳һҶ밢Ͷܼҵ¡ε۰ɻ鲻£Ҷþ֮¡
ЩΣֶĸ׵Ĵ̫ĸ׶úļȴӡʱкӲ֮٣˵伫˵ĻкӶԼﶼǸۡ
ȷʵҪ衴ع֮ˡüеķâ޳ָżŻŷСһš
ذ׵ָڷҳĦ£ĸ׵ţžͱ˺ܶࡣ
΢΢ָһҳȡ
͵һֽչһͷֿЦõĻ˵ĺһΣǽһΣҪʳҪοһأЬһһῡĿݵӿɸһ۸С⣬ۣͯھӪ
ҶλһС񡪡һĴָСĻǮ
ݲݼʵͼֱ׳ȴý̿
ӪеƻҡҷžûסһסһͲ޳ָչȫס
Ƭ̺ڴЦüֱѵʧ̬ģýöͬʽʿҪΪôˡƽغ䵭ȵģģͷһأҲʡͷȥ뿴ʲôûƼͼۼֿ۵
ʲôЦⲻɤﻹЦ
ȿȣûˡôˣͬʵĽʿҲ䡣书Ҳһ衻Щг䵱衵ĸ֡Ҳྩ֮󣬵Ǿıһܺߡ丸ǣһ׮̰۰űš
šҶεἰصͷӼЩʳóȥǷһ֡
Щʳȷž˻ỵҲģԼһСը˿Ķóȥˡо;нʿǳԵĶǷЯĸżоҲǴһʵûʲôζҶС˵žζЩˣǹܺ
ҹӪʣڵ¸Լϱš
ŵĵ̻֥ζҰҰ£˼ҵıӰĿдôᡣģ衱С꣬ȴϱȢˡ
ʣµɢý˵úܣֻҪץ˻ոڳʮյΧ˺衵Ƚ˷˽ʿװسسʱʱȻ췭ظ鶼հռָȨĵԹԻʮ
ȻȥϵܣֵһȥУξ˸ǰΪ빦Żȥ쵽ľ衵ļ죬˧Ŷһɳ죬ɻڴһҪҪ˴ҡ
ЦЦȻڴӦ
ͬʱҶڽٶӸƺȥ̡֬
˵ͣÿʮ顣콻ٶҲˬ죬վͰҶϡһһٰʮӣһСװţһֲ١
Ҷۻ⻹õһǮǮӣǻһͨͨҪҶγסһҪ˵ñQȻô˵֬ˮණǱأһô࣬ؼҵ·϶С࣬±
صңҶξͰѼǮҲʱգæͷæ棬ϳʳ̯ûͣѾСһϽӵһٰʮٰʮӡ
ǰЩӳԷҶκƤѸ԰Ĺ¶ˡ˼ֳַûؾҶβżӵƷáĵصǱ߻ظҲˣչȶ·һʴ
ǮٶȣҶθ˵õҶúϺǮԭ˵õˣҶθ˷˶ĹǮ˵ǽһʱյ࣡
˾˾ӯãŬɻԱ
ҶյӸ˵õ¾߬°صԺתתͻСʮ꣬СûӡҶһǶܲ˵
㣬㣡¸ټɣһø࣡ҶС˵ģԵú˶˲١
ҶǰͦϲģѼϼܣסûͦθڡ֪ʶȤֽڿ죬֪ôҶξñûϲЩȻ¸ö㷢ĸ࣡Ƚæˣһһȥæˣ۽ϳԶٺõģ
ãҶüȻ߸˵سȥʰ²ˡ
ĩϽû˾²ˡĲУʳ̯ͣ͵ûıҶճֱȥϿӡһµ˼ǣǾȶ⡣
ͷܼӰ첻̫󡣱Ƕ˸һȺģʳҲóȥҶʵڲеʱ򻻳ҲУʹ˵ڸ˵ͷɤųһſҲ
ԭǰڲׯˣǸϺʱҶ߲ŷ˹Ǯһͷͷ˰͹
Ƭ̺ϸ߸˵ذݡϻسʵò٣Ҷò÷ÿͷһʣЩϣ͸ÿһ
ѶϣϾ޿ҶЩ˼ֵɷ
ҶΰϺҲйԼԼá
ϺҶμۣȥԼóѱȽϺϣŮӵѣӡϺѣֲڵָĦӣðȦǺˡ
һͷƵĺܣһ˵ֻﰵҪúñܼˡ
ҶεѽýȥˡϵĲ÷նЩܲܵ⣬ѿʽֻ˵йоءҪ봩źÿƻнýȥǸһģȹʱնӻˣϱúÿЩҲС޵ĸ顣
ҸһģʱٴԼŪҶһСѣǰЩʱЩ˳ƸϱٷÿСѡ
պÿҶȻûвӦģż
ҶһԿȣʮĽΪԵʻܼչšסûӣȻûʲô˵ǰĽӣԵҶΡԼЩøҶΣҶΰæҶҲѣԴҾڳԿ࣬ûˡ
ҶοӵҲЦˣͷ㻹ᣬӳأѾܺˡ
Ҳ÷첻ȵ¶֮ϻǲ÷ܼôһ׬˲ٹǮҶĺܣӾڴӦҶ¡
հҶγ극ԺĴ߶ʱϲطֺԺֵЩһ롣ǰЩϵõӣԺҶڱϳ
һǺϣһϣһϣһϹϡֽ֣ʵӡò˵ˣ⼸ӳһûʲôӣĶҶԵġһֱûϼӣҶζΪû߲ˡ
ֳԺ󣬷ϺҶöϵã֪ڵز㺱ûΪûСⲢҶθˣΪǰѻˡ
ԺһĶͱϺ֪ʱˡ
쵽ѮҶηˡССİѾֵصֲꡣϺĻͦȣһĶĵؾȵطˣÿֵҶʮֳĵҶž²ûʲôʳϣϺͰֳܲˡޱͺҪٵֲԺӱԵŪ˼ֲԸ
ǵµףЩܲӦˡ
ϺÿհҪһˮʱŪ˸ưСͰһһصؽˮͷãЩҲ죬ܲⶫϴݳÿ졣һҲ˵ŪӶӦˡȻ̫ģɹҲɹˡ
ɲǣҶҲԼѺȻҲܽѺС
û£ʱҲܲˡǰ²һҲСЦеŵһȦ׳ɳͲֲĪе㰲ĸоžǴ˵ũ̬ɡ
ԸϺúչ˺ãҶֻλƻȥ
һձһȣµװ³ȵʱ׳졣
ʱûзҲûпյմŵȳ䳤㣬һȵķšҶҲʱ̯ʱÿԸȥҲԸŴͷ̯Ҷûʱһ棬Ҷθֹˡ
̰ҲýһСﶥŴͷȥ˿ô죿
㲻ʱȵʱŪ¯ʳҲȵĺܡţÿնġҶûп˵ģСʮ⡣
Ͽ֫ԽԽϸʮֵģ񶼿ʼѧϱĶò̲࣬ȴǶ١Ҷʱ㻨ǮʲôʱԵʲôȥóϵӵĵģͶҩˡԼƤӵҩŸŪѡЩôҩģҩӡŪͰҶκȡ
ȻζզأҩǻǮġҶοٿѹˣöűӺȡôһ°µĺ׵÷ˡͰƤԽˮ飬ҲԽ
֪ҶδôΣԼθһָڳ
ʰڼҰôţǽһ̾ġϱôǸϹ۵Ĵӻͷûأģ
Ҷװûճæӵ¶
һֱôɢϣ̫ķҲ̫ȶҶεڶʱɴ趹Ըɻĵ鶨һڹ顣ҶѾ̶֬ǩвϵߵĲϲɹҲȶǡ
趹Ĳ࣬Ҳֻһҡ
趹ĳƷʵ࣬е൫Ҳм۸ֲҶ˼ȥѼֿҲû취ûרֶַֻͨաϾԭ϶һҽĻ˶ϣ
Ȼû¶ҶΪ֮ԸҶĴߣҲΪδѡҶڲʱܼʱϣɻƷʲһƳ
ҲϵǿˣҶεͷǱ߾ͽȥɡ
ңҲǶյӺá̲űࡣһһɱͷõࡣϻòŴչġʵڲҲС಻趹ǵȶҪǰĥɷۡ
Ҷθ϶Ա˼趹̼ҳƷѡõһҡ
һӻӣͷʲôġ趹ĹϵССҶһҪʮػ˵ƹԼܳк
ҶҲӣǶٶڹ̶飬ܸ˶١
ʵϣ趹ȶŲۣʵ򲻳ѰռСõĶԣǡ趹Դ֬̿ʼӶˡ˼ӵĶ࣬ЩĶҪһҶ˵Ҫ򣬻Ķ࣬Ȼʹ
ÿҪ١ȻҲǾˣҪĶ˵ȻҲࡣ
Ȼ˭ҶҲҴţ˵ԼһҪõʮҲֻʱģȺ;ʮʮҲµġ
ŵȻûƵģһǮ׬ɵӣ
ƹŵȶͻˣͽС˱īֽҶǩ顣ҶαΪҪЩЭ̼۸񣬽ƹˬ죬ֱӸһҶ趹Ǯʮĵļ۸˳ں顣鶨꣬趹б֤²Լ
ҶμӴ󣬻ǻ۸
Ҷοż۸пȻǻױƷҵĸǱҵӵʢУõΪ趹ȥǵ֪ȻҪп֪ʶıˣ䷽ǽǮ
ô׶飬ͷֻ˼ԡԾͺˡⶫˣĶСҪȥڹ飬еС̯϶򵽡Ҷһô࣬ǾͲżˡתͷȥϡһҩϡ
ҩģҩӵƹ졣¶ҲףҶȥҵʱѾ鶨ˡʱڿ滨ࡣ
滨Ĩģ˵Զ˺ɹ˵ĴЧ˻ȥǵҩõģϴţ֪һչ帾˲û˿ҲĨ۷ܵߡ
ƹģǮһƿϿһ뵽ԼãϱĨĨ֡ϱɻ˳ɻҲǻڵġƿȥӣҲܻ۵ġ
Ǹҩ࣬ҩƳɵĸӵȻ۸񲻱ˣһƿöء
۸һ˵ʮƿƿĻ˺Ҷûô࣬ʵϲҲӾãüƿðɣǮܳġ
û˸ˣͰҶһ䡮Ǯǳġ
ĥһ£һƿһƿһƿ˾һƿˣϱٵƿ룬˵øƿɡ
ƿһӣҶգգؾ͸ˡ
ϴƿӷű¨ϱŻصңϾͰѸ۷Ч˵ˣﰡƿûȥ׼û
Ҷαһľһ֪ҩ֣ܲ
ʲôӵζһҾͷʲôϿྩ˫֮һСϡʲôͷķӻƤӵķӣķӣɶ޹ġĸõĶ࣬ԸҲǶֵģôСһžų
Ҷգգ۾ͷ滨࣬
ϻûʶ̻ҶǮֻһ;ͷ׬ͷǰǣ˵ĶģȷʵãУȲֽһʱտ
ϱصңӾ͵³ʱպܸϣÿճɵʱ䡣ȻǵʱҶѾԺʰͷˣҶͦŸӰѾ²˶˸ߣ˾վԱʰ²ˣæʱҲ֡
ҶΰѶŻӣŤͷȥ
߲ŰѷãԺͷһͷ󺹵ˡ˱ŸűѡϿһϳ򣬵üЦӭȥҼʰ
ǵģӴͷóŵݸϣš
˶æȥ˵ˮȼڡûͷһˡЩҶСը˿ȵĸպǾˮ̶ǵ֡һںȥ͸һСԵĶʱüЦлˣҪȥˡ
һߣžȥ˺ҶΡ
ȻһǸϵģƽһǸҶεģͷֱдˡһЦܴǶáǴСӴ̼ôһ£ȻͿˡûҿǸţϲ̵ҶεĻ
Ҷο۷ҳϵĸ֣üͷһ׼򿪡ŤͷϻվԱûߣһ˫۾ӯӯͰ͵
ҶεݸȻ򿪿
æڰ֣Ťͷˡ
ҶδҳֽһҳһλдǣΪòֵǮܷƽۿۣڶҳֽϻһóŬѧҶεļʻˣκƵдëõϰԣ˸ͦдСˡҶǸԱߣﶪ˺üöԪ
Ȼĸ֣Ҫ壬ʳ
Ҷεһºˣ򴽣е⣺û뵽ѧĻͦ죡ǣϮɳܡ


43 
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̶µĹָ˵Ķϸǲ˹һ·ϲⱵ˶ϽǰʦӪѾǰѮתսľöı߾ׯڵ˴Ϣ֮
Ӫյ˷˴ʤϢ˾Ĭ֮С
֮УУξǰߵţһźںĽء˼ҧţĺֱãǾʲֱıӣָŸֵıŭô£͸ոʵݹôһɢԸˣ
ǱӦ飬Ƭ𣬽ڵһϸһѪӡӡ
ԩε±Ȼ˸ҵҲʼδ
˼ֱԩȫ׼֪Ƕٶ±滹˸ܵǲ£ûϹսûѪҲġ˵սŻһ¾ҪƵġ˭֪ոȺ˻ܱѣ
ְѸոʴϢҲ˴˴γӵĽ졣ֻҪЩ˼Ϳ϶ô©ֵǺ޵ð˵ոץڵ˵ոǰһغ϶û˴Ŀء
˵Щƨкãתתһѽϵıյ䣬һأһ·ˣĹ˵ЩƨҲ᣿
յžһأڵϵͷ̧Ϲٴ
ʵڶס˾Ϳ˿ڣ֮䣬ߣҪ˵͸ǸԽ޴ҵСһһ鲻µ±ӣڳڵö֮ش۶ȨҰ֮˸ͲܸһͷҲε˻һ֮Уξε˻ŻίΡɵ˻ǴȻ͵ˣ֮£ְȨ˵࣡
˵꣬һ˾Ĭ˱տڲԣĸͣǰˣ˵Ȳ֪ߵغСӾ͸ý֪ص浱ΪеС֪ν
ӪʵĶ˲ö֪ʱ˵ľѾִɽɽţձӪ
;汻˷˻Ҫƣۿҹɫ٣Ӫ֮·ҲߵɽɽţԭӪ͵سһ·˻¸߰Ŵ˴¹͵õĽ͡һ˱ŤͷýʿǳȾƴһ
ȫ̱˻ߣĹˣȻǱֵ׽úܡ
һ𣬾ˮһˡŴ£ϲϲɫ̲סü˴󹦻ôϾͲһ˿ϲɫ
ϲôһھƣɫ塣
ʱЦˡ
˶ɵӣǸУξǱӪؽĵͷߡǸʲô֪ͷʲôè壬óȻֻ˼Һ¶ȥȻֲùӳԡϸ޷ģָᱻ˹Զɱ
衵Ͱ⣬Խ޴ңӾ¡
εĽʿһţŻȭƴơƵغһھ¶ǣ̧ͷǿգȻһ䣺ˣô
ûСֺһھƣĿĳضԶ񣬡䵽ⲽأöۡ
ЦһɴҲˣǿɲһеʮӶʮž޵ľӵྩǵ֮ˣ
ŵأü˾е롣
ȻҲ
룬һ£ӶЦ
ڰ￪ӪԾƣܼҲںȾơ
ҶβŷȾơӲʱմﲻ׽ʱóȰҶκȡߵľǵȱȽҵĸơЩơʵҶ˵ЩڵġÿֻһŽСһȥ治ɫ
غȾȻһ׮¡ǰҶȥַõӣ˹Ȼò˵ݻҶð¥Ĺá
ǰҶθ֬ʱСʮڣǰʮ顣˶ʮãһٿӾȫȥ˳ַǱߡ
ַļ۸񹫵һǮһ飬ӣֱӸһʮСװ͹
ӵĴ·Ǯۿϵǰ졣ǰҶλڸ˴˶Ű¹ȥͱʮ׬Ǯٶ˭ܲԣ
Ҷ񶼿ʼ룬ƷԺҪôӪ
ĸеҵӵġ̰һھƣҶδʱ˶ЩƮƮȻָøԶ׬ĸ࣡
һҾȥҲ˺Σʱߵ̶Ӻ׬ĸ࣡
ôһ˵ҶλûͷأԱҶԴøСƵġ
ӽ̵ôˣ⿿ۼЩǲġҶ⼸æĴܣʵʳѾ࿴Ѯһʳ̯ӵѾͣաֻ²ˡž²ˣֻܲһ¡ܲҲõȡ
Ҷǰĥͷ¶ղ˼ʩ̯ò״ȥʳ⻹üͷҲҪʱôҲö³̡
Ҫӵ⡣
ΪдܸϺûҶδѡ滨Ǳȶôʱ̰ڵæҲ¸ϲġ󣬴ӲɹٵͻҪʱҪˣ˵׻ǵҪˣȹһʱտܲй
ϱȵе࣬һЩƮƮȻͷйеģǵˡ
ҶͻСƣͷһԱ߳ԶŶ˵ǰδЩòĵ¶ҶңҪʲôشŮȥġֻý͸ˡڽ⣬ҶòֻȻʵ
СûӴҶ˵ʲôʵҲ󶮵ġԹɫҶθ϶һӣ֪Ǻ¶ǴҪߣʱԽԽøˡ
ҶһԳⶼЩ󶮣Ǯ
Ҷ˵˵Ļž̲סżʱܼҲܼģǮȱ֣Ҳеͷ˵вһţһܸҶκͷ¡
ֲ磬֪ôſڡ
ҶβƳ۵Ҳû˵ڻµӡ˵û߲·ҲСĿššҶξæҲܽɻ
ʱֻû˵˳ʳ̯¶ЪϢһաæôã̰ڵģۼҲô
ިʵҲۣǶۣ۾ڼٳһٺõġ
ٶأһٺȻõóǮ
ôһ˵˰ѾƱһֺ
ϺһԳ˵ҲŶƲմ˳˾׷Ϳܼ˲ڣһǺƷ˾Ʒ裬ܼҼŮӿûŪùǺȾҲܼҺȵģʱԼڲˣСӼеˣֵһٷꡣ
ҶöŹư赽ȥϴҶθϾͻλƵػݡ
Ѯ֮ҪתЩûôˡҶγ˾ƾ׷ɵ˯š˰ҹһѣʱҲѵĲࡣ˻Դȥˮϴմ˾ܵĽ
ҶһͰˮݣϴоˬˣɻ˯ȥ
˵նʳˣҶλϰ컹ûۣȸԺǽߴߴؽС峿ŲľϢĿ£һĿ
ҶѵϲææȥУԺת˼Ȧȥ˺Ժ
ѮԺ󣬿͸ͻȻƵģһлϸһһرĳӾͲ˵ѾӡҶںϵСĵСʮϡĸѾô
״رԲɫҲž֪
Ҷ̲ס֣ƵطȻܳԼֵĺϣˣ
Żжܹ䣬Ҷתͷȥ˺
ʳ̯ǲܾôģʩ̯ͷҲȥͷʩ̯Ļģϴ󲿷ֵʳͶǿϻ̯ӡӻûҪÿʩ̯Ȼи
²˼ܲӦĳԣû˵һͷҶĥţȥһ׵ۻ
νǻƶ̶ۡۡȷۡһ׷ۡʳϸۼӵͽۣʵСۡ͵һȥ棬ӵΣӶˮøӰһôһҶǸԶܽˣҲʲôϲԼһԡվĲƽϡ
úԺмҲˡȻûĥɷۣҶȥժ˺üһϴɾ顣Ūƶ֥齴ۡͺ˸á
ϺˣСȥ𡣴ʱպñһ¨ӵĲ
ײҶæ²͹æջ
ҶǱ߻棬ߦɱƤ۵õг͹ը
ʵҶβԼͷıܾ̫࣬󣬳ĿԵûšôమ˶ϲӱ࣬ȻϲҶ߲Űѱըը۵ζһӵ˶չިͷûᣬϸͷ߹հŤضԴϡ
СҲ۰Ͱ͵ģҶθɴը˾͸СһһճĻ̵úܣһСųԣҶöˡ
ٵȵȡҶΰѹһͰѽϸ
ͱϵζɱըˡҶγһ󲧵Ľÿմһ㳢˵ȻûۺζͣζѾǺܿˡǰѼóã̯ȻôȻһȥͺˣҲ״
ҶʵŪãûй߾ͽص˸ľӣһľ϶˸ľ״ģϴɾʹպá
ҨһżǸľӸˡһȥһοҶαϲ֥ģ֥ͷȵͣҺҲ͡ŪӸͷһ壬Ĩϡ
ʱҲûлȳҲûõļ⡣ҶθղըıࡣôҲԲζҶﻹЩͷ⣬ָʹҶȥгɱƬһ㡣
Ҷֽſɿ죬ûһгһͷ⡣ҶξøӼ˲٣˵л̲顣ôһ飬ÿӾ;;͵ݸϡ
һԿ죬ʵ˵ûʲôóԵġóһʱճͷζôܱȰ㡣ҶŪĶζŻһҧȥǴǵǽģɲûͷûˡ
˼ڣ˵صͷ
Ҷָ˼ÿ˶˵óԡϺϲǴиһζͷҨһ״лҶһȥ˵İŤͷҶΣǳʳ̯Ӹ۵Ǯǵģ۶Ҫĵġ
ǵأԼ˳ԲǵĻԿҶγԲһ԰ͱˡʣµһңҾͲԱࡣǲӱ࣬ۿԸǮġ
գգ۾ǲӶζҪۿۡ
ǵδأҶÿմ˵㽴ϳˢζѾˡ
ϳ˳ȷʵǡ˵Ҳûɶζһζ̲סһֳһڡ˻ͷԽԽ㣺ͷʲô
ʲôȻǼ
Ҷ¹ʱûԵùӵ١ǻǳԵͷˣҶεЦˢ͹ˡûǮļϣҲĹ󡣱ǮһͷӶӵ㣬һĶǮһۼһġһģҲǶġ
˼£ҪȫһҲʮһǮ۸óȥϾĸ򣬺Ҳͦġ
ǲ˰ɣϿҶζֱҨŪģǲǵȥ
šҶΰҶýйʳϻͦ츳ģջҶյúáóˣ־ƨߵߵعˡҶΰųһ飬ҶҲѧһ̯رãҶǸá
ҶΣ뵱ĥʱٷһŪһɹġ
һԡ
ҶһȵһֺЩ
ҶΣУ츳츳
ȥʳ̯ӣ̯
Ҷգգ۾ЦԱҶÿŵûס㣬ܲܽҲԣ
ҶοĴӡߵҶԱߡøɴվλãҶþôҶԼĪܿ˼ŷŽõĻ˵һ顣
˵ҶñҶûᡣıֲڣҶγһڲΪԵ˺רżĹŪ˿Ҷãֿ˿Ҷáʳ츳ðͰҶεͷĲ
Ӵˣȥ˶ĵطҶ۾һֲһ䣬ǵ˿գ̯ϰæɡ
ҶҪľҶε仰Цúã㣬Ҳúøɵġ
һڣ֮ĳʳ̯Ӿ
һζ͹ȥˣգ۹ЪϢգҲЪˡ
һ磬ҶοɫϺݳȥͷʳ̯Ъ˺üգͷ⻹ҪġҶȥ̣ҹȻͷšʩ̯ͷҲҸҶϴ򽻵Ҳʶˣÿնġ
Ҷճɹͷȥ̣˵ȻҪȥȰɾͱ˶ˣǮۡ
룬ȥһ̳ӵĻƶƽϵ׼ԭϡһ޵ĻƶţϺţߡҶţĥ̯ȥӣţӿڵǿˮʱֺЩϵСͷ׽Ϻ
ûкӣסеصģ˹Ϲʳġһˮ
ˮˮСȥͲҶαƳŷϷ˸ľ衣ľȫǻĵˮϺ
Ҷһ۾¾ͽϺͣ˳
վˮץһ΢ĺӣϺܲûѼӾšҶ˵ԸʮǮһϺСæؾͰϺˡ
ϺȳţϺ⣬Сץġ
ҶβùʱǲϺ½ȱˮĵطղϺϺ˼ǲԡҶҲûȥԣЦеŪ˸ͰϺװȥˣȥ˵
ϺµҪڳʳҲԼЩΡҶĳʳûвóԵġ
ţ֨ѽ֨ѽصſڡҶθ׼³ţͿſվŸӰĶתһ续ⱼմ˲ɳ˳ÿͲԻͷϻ׼ªļ£ī紵ҡ
ԶԶҶΣһ˫۾΢΢
֪ǲǴδЩ
ԶԶسҶЦ
Ҷε۽ţ߹ȥ
٩һ䡮ѧˣȻǽˡ֪øСƨ޶ſ˿ʯͷһ˫۹Ŷûע£ʯͷӲܿƵǰ͵س塣ȻԴһſ˵Ķϡ
ƺһȴȵץסҶεļϻس˿ǴûȥȵضڵϣֻԽ
վȵҶΣģˡ
˰ϺɰͰ͵ؿһĬĬŤͷһȥģ֪ʶȤˡֱϸҶΣǶ˵ĳͷ
Ҷεһ˲̣ô衵Ƥӵޱˡ
Ųӣԣ


44 
衽ոյӪأ˵Ӧ۹ͣͷԸɾܾ˽Ӽǡ
ʤ̻ûܵŴһڱӪټӪһУξ¾ֻѰӪصĵǶڵţϵ㵹ҲżŽʿӪЪϢȥСֵϪˮϴʹľվ˼ſڡ
СƬ̣ҶװʲôûתԺžߡ
ţ˳ưæţϵĶжԺæſڵĶ̧ͷһۡǿҶθƨɺͷй׷Ƶߵķɿ죬ﻹЩ졣ƼŵԼҶӣŶ⹷ԭʰ
æֹ˲Ϳ첽Цˣʰôʱˣ
Ȼͻˡ
衲ֹ֪һͷɡԸתü۶ɳӪﲻ㣬ϴɾѡﻹҵô
УϻزŸأСɤţƽ˵ϸġ֪̫˻ǹ˵Ҷ˵
ȷʵϻظҶξȫѵʱҲ衵ƥǱ߸ĳߴ磬÷ͻϾǸӵȻͽҶջȥʱЦе´衣ѹŵǿʯͷûˡ
Դһֺʰѻ£
ҶʵҲôһһǳĳˣڶһ;ò˼ˡƿŽݣҶξѾһСɫڷ䵹ˡ
̲סü۴ЦվһԵҶη
ʵļҾ߲࣬һŴӣһŷҶҹżҪӡѰʡһһҵذߡ衾ҶεӣǸӡӺֻйӵһ˼ѣȫҶεĶ
Ҷ׬ǮԣԣʰﲻС
ģǰҪôʰҪôӵ㹤ǰãɨӾû취ϾŴСˣԼķٶ̲ۿɼĸɾļޡƽҲýݸʰʱȻǶյѶһ
һ㲻˰Ҳѡ
Ҷƣϻҷӵģôˣ
ѵӣһһûעֹͷؿţſڰæҶüͷĺŬûմںðŵ衵ѣŤͷݸĿҳһŵתתҶεüͷ
㿴ʲôҶ߳ŭ
ҭסˡ˶٣ܺƢػش𣺡ҿһ·ŵλã»غҡ
Ҷε۾һת֪ʲôǲ֪λңæôûʰͰ°ͣôһװ𣿡
ĿԣҶֱ׳
ûס۵׸ǵЦ⣬ûЦ
ؿҶΰóǶ·ۣұ¹žһ˦ϹšװѵߵġҸʰһѡĻȥһصͷ㹻ˣ㹻ˣΪģָôĳװ˷ѡ㿴ҪҪڳװӣ
ҶΣ
ҶξԼˣҲӣҭ˺ðΡ
ð죬ﲻסðһ䲻֪Ķ̨ʣӶû˵ڣˣһ벻ˣ㲻Ҫʶô
˵꣬Լһ𾪡Եܲ¼Ȼڣ׬Ǯ׬ˣ
ʶô衵ûסһסЦ
ۿҶβŽָ˰һ˲սվһ²̨ʵǱﲻסЦؿڶ𶯡ƺҶ߳ŭ˵ʲôԼ̧ͷĻ衺ذŤһȥЦǲļǲزס
ҶΣ
ˣɡҲʲô£衻޼мƨأ˵ֵĻʲô
ﰲοԼҶαӲתȥ
ԺͷҶøʰͷҶŪ˸͹ըࡣʼʩ̯ʽʼӡһ뵽Ҫ⣬ҶȺɢˡȥԺתһȦϺںԺʰЩ˵ءҶγҪ￡СӱŸժ
ҶļӣĥŹͷͱ϶ǲġʹ󣬳һڻУԶ˿϶ûšͷǸ˵ġ
ûǸĲ˷ͷҲǷǳġҶοһۺԺѾĺϣҲǻƹϡⶫϿɶ٣Ǹ˼ҲųԵĽ߲ˡҶε᲻÷żﵱˡ
ʲôֽģĥţϾֹ
Ҷһը࣬˳ڽһ䣺㣬Ƥγô߻ͦ˰Ƥεģζ
ҶûֳԷȻме˵ҲƤΡȷʵ߳Ƥε˶࣬ҶĥŽϵؿζҲܷŵ㣺۵İݿ̵㶹ѿͷҲСƤţеŴϣҪӾ͸Ǽӡ
۸ô˵Ҷûһ͵öһǮƤҲرģݿҲһǮһģһƬһǮе̫
ӰݿƤεĶǮˡҶֱİ壬㿴Ű졣
ҶõͷûһըһСıࡣ
ҶʵȥһҲȵһһæͰѲ˸ϴϴԤ緹ø衻óԵġ
ļǼǣǰһި￡СóιţʵһֻءҶҲкþûԼˣɴȥ׽һֻ
˵ҶǰֻѾˣ·ݵʱҶκȻֻĸӴۿŶӹĹĵģҲˮҶԭΪ˳ԣ˷᲻öֻ
Ժ㹻󣬼ļɢġֻҪŲЩȥԺˣǰԺüܵġҶδӺԺеĲݵļһʱ䲻֪ôץ
ûãôûûѧɱҶÿԺӵļ㶣̲סʣ㣬ɶأ
ˣɱֻ
Ҷգգ۾ɱɱվһԿô¡
ҶӣŤͷСɱô
Ҷõ۾󣬵û뵽ԼվԱ߿ôΪɱЩЦ־òЦϸ룬ڼҲ㲻ġǵͷ¿Ӿ߹ȥۼֿؾץһֻ󹫼ֻô
ĸµģ˴úܣֻʣɱ˳ôˡ
ҶεͷҶֻڵĴ󹫼ߡŤͷҶҪ˰ѵױֳ˼¼ϵëȻһǸСżѪͰǼɱˡëҲղˮϴ軹ʣһЩҨˮ̣㣬ʲôô
ܼʱգҶóԣÿջʲôѾҶõͷֻҪҶεӰͻ᲻ԾΣˮģôóԡ
ҶЦеĸ˵һŪͷռ̧ͷͿմˮ衴
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ɼˣҶûе
һҶҲЩ⣬һ˼衶ǸˡԸŵ̬˭˵ϼ䡣˵ӦСﻶĵģҶôӳ񶼲ҸÿضߣҲ̧ͷ
ǰҶλûע⣬ԺдҶ˵ﻹͦ֡˵һ䣺оǸĺӲˡ
ĺӲô
̧ͷŴˣüȾ˵Ц⣬˿ƲӲӡܻ󻹲еţȷʵӦòǸˡ
衲֪ʲô۽ǳЦ
ҶΣİЦ
Ҷʰ˴󹫼ҶȥժһС
ǰȥʱҶû࣬ԺҶܾеʲôǸǺĶƷ֣ӦصôһԼĪǣϸҲƫһƷ֡ҶʵƷ˽ⲻ࣬ܳԾС
ժ˼ϼӡԤһһϡ˿
˵˿Ҷζ˿˿ͶŵͣȺļⱬ㡣ٰ˵ȥֱκһ㽴͡
ľһ㣬ÿ˿ͱ಻̫ÿζǳ
Ҷæ˸ͷռ˸˿ԤϣݿϺ͹ˡ˳Ϻ٣Ϻ˹ȥҶʵʰƳϣϾ͸ˡģҶθɴʾȼϺͷٳ
ʾԼʰˡذһϺʰɾϴ飬Ÿɾ
ҶԤ˸ͱϺ˳ԲϺȡһϺζʡܳͷʡ
߼ڹʱʹһ죬ζƮԶ
ͷһԺӵ˶Ųڿ˵˻Ƶֹߡʵ٣ڸмǿ˰ſվţϴĸվ˶ܴŸʵʵǵðſ͵ިû϶ͷ
ިܲˣƫҪּ壬Ŀȣ壬塭
Ҷ̻Ťͷվſڡިƶذһ߰һߺҶΣʲôóԵѽ
Ϻ
ϺʲôϺźۡСյӺСģЩӱ˹ţ˺ܶࡣʱʱڼҵҲ£СץĿԱקκε˾ǲãҲСӶҪ
ò˵Ҷζ޶ԾرͲõλãûСҪˣ
衵ͷ۲ŵȵСĬĬԱվ˵㡣
ި˴Ϣ֮ʳСƵ׹ҶεƨɺͷתҶ˳ּһϺިһΪʵ̣ճСָ߬Ϻһȥ¡
СƳһۣ֪۲ǹⶺҶΡüĽ˵Ǹͷˡ
ʢϺҶΣ
ŤͷĿԡ֪ʱ߽߽ɤҪջô
ʲôһϺˡƺ˾ܳԣʱҪջã
Ҷο۰Ͱ͵Ķӣ˿ֵͷ˿ӡſӵ˳ҲһϺ˹ȥ
ҵģܳһ˫۾΢΢ӡͷſҧϺһڣ˻һɿˡ
ҶοȥֺõسЦ̡
ҶΣ˵
ûڼֻ˸ϺҪߡʵϣڹӪʱոϻϴѾǲعأڼ÷ͲˡǰֻҶ˾仰Ǽˣʲôֻ֪ǡ
Ҷαʲô£˾Ѿ뿪Ժӡ
룬Ҷʢ˵ϺͼŪСװϣ׷͵Ӫء
ͷʲô£ŵڱ̬Ȳôһ˵Ҷ衵ģġɽһ˸մͷҪ˸ߡ
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Ǽ˵ʳ๫Ҷ˵ţ˾Ĳ
ɽǰܹҶεĶݣķҲҶΰɫͷۣ͵Ұɡ˵ܴҲǽջӪһ͹ȥ
ҶǾ͸ǰɫԣԼĪµżű顣ʲôɫҴұס˿ڡҲϺӪҹûУʱᣬǰͰ˵ܼʩҵ¶
˼ѻȥ
ʱӪУξǿճӼ˻ν˷֮¡
Ҳ˵ν˷˳ȥһ֮ȴһʮ˵Ķ䡣νһӪǾԸġһֻһͷʮͷһӪ߻δʼ۹ͣ衺ˡ
˴Ա߳һѹס˻ȵȿ֪
򺣵ûţѾ˿Ӫ˻ųԹһƳְͷ⧲һͨˣˣְ֪
ûߵĸֳŽְ֮һָͨ𡣶ִԽ޴ң֮¡־ɫģ·ǲǴʤ̻Ƿ´ƿС֪ߵغ񣬾ھӪҪӣǵ£ܻ͡ϳͣЧѧ࣬ӪҪһɢɳ
˵գ¾͵ϥأУξɱӺЧȡ
˻һͨ׶Ŀɿڴѹŷð죬ú죺ĹƨĲҪĹԸû£λãëľûСûܻͣ㻹˼ָˣ
ǳŽıλԺ͸ˡӪͬϱ֪˭һˡ
Žǵͨ죬ݺݵһ۵˻òᡣϷҲóȥ·ôһ·򺣵Щźľ͵ꡣŤͷˣ˻ûؾ£һӾ֮ˡΪϤࡣ˴ν˷ҲˣְΪҲһְ֮
˻û֪֮衣ĿѵƿڴǸںʲôĻĳ
Žȴͷð𣬺ְΪ˻ְأиӦسͣڳȷʵ˷й
˵ţƳһ򺣣ȨӦСʹ룬һӰ١
ףһԲ˻ĴɤŲ򺣺˼һһӾ˽˻ϳȥʮ
һɨˣ˳ס˻졣˾ȥˡ
ã洫ƺߵһƬš
˭Ҳû뵽˷ˣûŻ
衣˲ڳζδжۡСĵ򺣵飬Ƴ򷽲ŸͬǡͬҪôһԲҪôǶߡ֪Լͷ޵ģòġ˭ȺͷΨһûսˡ
ﴧ򺣵˼²ɱܵСӶѽͷ֮ޡҪ֪ıפؿʮ꣬ÿٺ»Ű󲿷ֵĽơ
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ô꣬פس˷ˣÿضǲ֮ŰӶôġİţʲô˼Զ
Ǹʲô衸ѹ
ȷʵԽԽŻģܵСӲոʵϳѸɢ˶һ򾡡һôͬ¶Сٺޣﻹб㡣֮ǰȻҪȼһˡ
ΪΪһ˭ܸɵĽšһδųé®Ľţ
Ӫ䲻ٳƶ࣬һȨƣʵȨﶼһѪȡ
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衣ǵȵǲţסɱ˻㡣
ϾֻҪѹԼ£̵ġС֪ʶȤһ˸λ׷·һҲ١
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ڳ֮ǰѾ´һȦ
ò˵˹òȾѾӮˡеվǲûſھѾһ·֮òȳ侲ǳ򺣵˼ƽϡ
һٳڶָأĸͣһͨš
򺣵ǰסŷ·ʩһ㿪Ը£ҲǵŰ֮ӢţҵҲʮְϧġĸ£αܴᴦһΣ
΢ȻԤϵ㣬׾ӵĶʩΪЦ˾ϸƣֲڵĶֶʵڽƲۡ
ڴ֮ǰ衵˵һ׮£˵ӪӪջϲΪһӪ
⻰һΪ֮һ
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ݳ鴤£αЦ⣬̧
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򺣵ͫ׾һ


45 
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ţĶô꣬ӪӪĹϵνͬˮһȥһ˱ضὫԷȡôţȺȥӻûأ
ֱͻӪʡȻûʹ򺣵ױһҲǵùš
ӪܱΧſڵıֳšԴļƣǿûǳȥġ
˵Ӫͱѹ̡ӱ߰㡣Ьӵǡ̾һԼĴһָؿڣűֱڶ̵衡
赭̲סһЦ˼عֲعأ
Ƥ̧һ£㣬ӿŵʵÿһС΢
ûصĵطȻСΪáʼ磬װǲ١ûܼ֮ǰ躹ǱȻ
ʱҲ衵·ʽֻ˾൱Щͬ˼Ȼ򺣲ǵǸҲУξλáһΪ꣬οϢȥһ׶ֶΡһ֮ˣƵ£۵֮١οΪţʲôˣĻɫˡ
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ţ֮ɺֹʶ漰ʵɾ͵˵˵ıԱˡ
衲ɽ󷽵Ŀأ˲ϵãȴ
ƽ״ɫɫ㣨ࣩ͸״ʽӲ飬治ƽ̹ޣζޡ󣬱ѪʯɢһζʯʳʯɢϰߡЧѰ˼Ҳʳʳʯɢѳɷ硣
仰˵һһ۱衣
ںɽ˵Ͻطǳ֮޴ԸţȺƽ֣ض뷽跨ˡһĵڣôţȺԼͷϣ
˼ˣ衴סĳֻްɫ
ҹɫڳӪмžڸԵĿռ·мųӺ磬ɡ
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衽һ£ҲһԿšö֮شӴ̵һսǣȡ°ľͷͷóһЩš
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ã䲻֪˯ѻǶѣθ˸ؿ洲̵衡
衶ڴ齱ϣﻹǶڿ类δ˶׳ӡԵöҲĿ죬ʱѶǰ󱳡
ã̾Ϣһſڣ˵
ſںȻ˵Ķһ˲֪ڸŵı˵ʲôѸٽѹСƬ̺ɽһ߽
ߵӪʱһͣ˲򺣲ܴǣͷ˶ڵšҲЩµ̫ùʱĵ㣬ӦͲ͹ɽɸŵн飬кͷ˸Ͷ
Ŀ֮תתϷݷһչһСĲɽȰѶ͵ߣһݷһƵ߾ֻʣһݷ
䲻üͷ߷߲ƽΪʲôһݣ
ɽפԺ衷ȥ˲ͬı֣Ҳ֪衹ϵƺԵüͷһǲӵطǸʱСɩصģĽȻҲȥָ
Ŀԣǡ
䣺
ɽһգ׼ߣſڣꡣ
ǱѾ˹ؽҿչƵĴˡ
ķ˷һʵˡڿȵʱѾȥرȣɽűҲûûǴռɫʮˡ߿ȥֻ衵Ĵ˺Щ󼦿飬һ߷ŵǺͮͮϺ߲˵׺УĴ׷
۾ʱĽʵˣǡ
ɽ͵ܽĲܾô¶Ҫߡɬ̵ģʱ̹ˡʵ˵νҿӿʱʱ࣬Ľᡣ
һߣ㻮ӪιķˣĿ䵽Ǵ
۽ϣĬĬذԼŲһ
ʲôʲôһ۶аСǽһԼС˴ر𲻼衵ԱߣƵĶ˼ҵ롣ҹӵЩĥʣ
ܿӣ۰Ͱ͵ؿ衣һ鳢գ
ƳһۣԼû
ⲻǲóô㿴ô󰡣뷹ˡֵܣͬסһӪҲһͬսˣһ飿ǲȻˣϺζƵձꡣռ͸һɹŹֵȻһζ
衷ָŹ֣ͳʢһ룺Լȥ
ʵڲУһϺҲа
󱻲ͷۣһ鼦һֻϺҲ˵ԺĽʺ޵衵Ĳ˵һҹƽµĹȥ
һ磬ûҶδҶȥ¿š
ŵõģʱ̯̯Ҷθ׼Щͷ⣬һЩԼըļ˵ѿˣŪʵİݿҶӺƤΡ
һڳ˺ˡò˵ʩ̯ЪϢ⼸տɰѺЩʳ͸뻵ˡûǰͷε̯ӳʳжѳԣʩ̯ıȶ¾ʳʡʩ̯Űѻ̯ӿھ;ۼһˡ
Ҷ߰ѻϣſھ͸˽͵۲²˼ˣʳʳ
˵ţǱҶþذѶһһںá
̯ҶûƯͰλóԼһߺ˳˵һ˵۸񣺡ʳʳһӵҪġҪӶ͵üǮͷģһģһġѿƤΰݿȫӽȥһģλôԣ
ʩ̯պáŻûԹҶ߾Ҷ̯һĿζʽҶҪģѿͰݿӽȥټӵը
ҶľôһתһļͳľӣȡڹȥľôһŪҺڱϡδӣҶǰĲӣôһһط
ȻˢϵģǼեˣСлȥŪ˾;ŸҶΡ
з磬ζԴͿʼƮʳһζһԿŵûԹȳʳȴҲζ߲ſǾҲһҶ˵Ǽ۸ҲûզָҶγԵʽʣϰҪǮ
Ҫʮ˼⡣ҶҲˣֱ˵ǾŹˣٷŵ㶫ӵҪ˺ܶࡣ
ôһ˵ҲûǸϡ˵ϲӵǲóˣǳԹʩ̯ĸţָҶεıſھ˵ϰʽظһ
ϣҪҪӱࣿҽ㲻Դģ˱ζӴҶɤġ
ǸҲһǮӣҼϣ
һԵģ˾ʹɬģ˵ǮҲܳԡҶγǸζһˢȺıϣóԵ̵ͷ
ԭΪӳէôҶλǵ͹ʩ̯ƵӶ̯ӵ̯ʳãŪ˸ʳʳҲҶοҶҪҪæɴһǮ
꣬һϾŪСͰһȫˡҶ۵ĶͷǺҶ˳ָ˶ͷҶø˵۽ǣ㣬˵ǲܶŪ
ϲڶըôһıȫˡʵҲͷ˶ﶼȱˮҶξʹȱ͵Ķճž;ִ㡣ǰͷһźãͷѧͷҪӱĶûжӡ
Ū㣬ҶθղССһ£СˣҲը㡣
ˣҲڵʱͷ⡣Ҷοһ׼ȥõΡǮһŵӵĶÿšԼȥתҶýÿնˣһ͸ˣͷ˸̯λϱ߳Աߵȡ
Ҷߵģ׼زˡߵ̯λϺЩ˵ͷӶģ黹ͦءûһ䣺ĻǼٵģפͷд˹ô
ҶĿһ⣬վס˽Ų
Ȼģ⻹м٣иֱϿӣҲվһ˵Ȼ˵ôôפصıôפЩ˶ٱ껹һȥô˻ס˵ôɲפظ߹ٵݣ
ҵĸүǲ˻·פصĸ߹ɱˣôôĺڷΣǸɳ¶Ͳ𣡡
и߸أ˼ҹүźһȺ˻ţҲ˵
˵ţվ·м䳤̾
Ҷκüûû뵽ڴ¶
ȥ˼̯ӣ̸פи߹ٱӻˡб۵ģżűƼٱ˵Ҷģ֮ǰĻ
Ȼ֪˺£פҪʲô֪᲻̣ʱǲҪӰ쵽ذյȡҶһ˼ʱ˵˼ûˡ˼룬ʵ»⣬ɴȥ̶Щʳ
κʱ򣬶ڹʳ档Ҷ˼Ųʳ߲ˣ˳νҲϡϺţҶ󣬰æᶫͻȥ
˼ˣҲ˵ϿҶж죬˵ҶڶֵĲײ˸ˡ
ûҶ䲻һûϳҲǹ磬ϸϲġҶ۾ϸ˺ü۲ϳǹʱø˵Ƶģվڲ˵ĭɡ˵ЩʲôͼһҶξ͸˵Ϯ֮פؾٴ˵Ĳ֮
˿Ϊ˵Ҳǳ׶һгֻߡҶ䶼ľʲô˱פء˽ɢԵĸץ˴
ȻҲȺеҶΣԶԶЦһ¡
ҶٿѾЦˣĭɵ˵յĲ״Դ֮Уô֮ᡣҶοЩģĨᡣеĸһģ˿ڲˮ͵Ϊֹ
˵꣬ҲûҪǮ˲ˮ굽˷ת۾ʧ
Ҷ뵽ǰҪüͷҲ֪Щͷû衵ֱʡ
£Ȼ̯ӣҶæöҪ
ͷЩûԣȻЩϲͷʳ⼸վѵʩ̯̯룬Ҳи߸ţҲûҪ̫졣ֻܰһߣȹͷˡԭȻӵģҶĥŻõһȡ
Ҳôٶ۵ˣ˽ʲô£ʵԼе²⡣ǲʲô̶ȣܼжӰ졣ĵôŶõһۡ
衻̸̸
¶ûעʱعͷˡҶһԳûļӣһŤͷҶһǰʻʳ˵ûˣˡҪո硣
ˣȻȥɡҶʱҲûʲô³̣Ϻ˼˻ǽ̯ĶţҶĥ¸µ⻹ȥӻ̡
ӻϰҲܼĶҶ߸Ҫ˻תͷȥܼӡɴ༸̶һ飬ԭ϶żСʱӶţҲܳӦ֬Ӻ滨ǱߡŴڽ˹
˸磬Ūһ곤ߵģһǸĻһøɷǵ߶òڡ
ҶλЦ˵һ䣺ϵг֮࣬ĪҪġ
˵꣬Żҡҡλε뿪
ҶΣ
仰ûǿżﹻһĴҶε˼УҶκȻͲˡûסһȫƪɡפزŶطĵĶطŲȥǻƾʲôɱţ
ôһ룬Ҷλصҽ˰ʳȫƵؽȥؽӱеģںıϡҶǰûע⵽Ϻհ̳ӽûضţҵġ
ʳȥҲУԺӺͷС־ͺܶࡣν׶ˣĵؽľͶ
һ£ҲѾܳ߶ˡ
סʱĳŵԼܼлвǰ߶ż³ȥҲ˻ĶŪᱡĳһѸҶΡҶǳҶνʱԺ赶ƿͦô¶ġ
లµֹ˼գϵķԷﲻûͣԽԽҡ˼յ衲ţйȴˡְڼͷϲǵʱץס˰ѱ²ְصĿҪԴģ
ĵһӦһӵĴɻƿ
򸮾ڶǷԲ˼ҡָĻһ͵ݵ򺣵Ķߣɰ˸òᡣ޲ðɢ֮˴ж˿飬ʵƲʩΪӪ߾ץɢԵ˶Ҵġ
Լץ˶̫±ɴ˵
ŪɢԵ־͸ƵĻ֡϶˺Щʱնûץˡԭ伸йй𣬵ͲҸСˡ
¾˷ˣԽ˷й֮˴ӷ͡ǰ˻ģʱҲ˳ֵĽ͡
ֱǰ֮֮УŶԵ˻ļŶΣ󻻽ΪΪʧĳͽΪ˾ѣ̵ؿĿġڳ֮ټӪнʿĵؽ۹͡˻˷йҲȷʵʶھſԳڲϸ˳Ĳ
ˣڽֱӰƹӪൽ򺣵ȥְҲΪйɸ衡
һԲŴ£˷˵ĽתҪѸжѸ١ĿһЩеıʺ󣬿衵ɸӣӺʱģ
ʵҲͦЦЦԴٶ֮졣ﻹвٶûó죬ǽû֮ءһ۽ǣ꣬·ʵĲԼûֱĻʲô㣿
£ң˫ֱԴ衡
Ҳܻصͷѧ峵֮ͨšǲǿڴ˵ػҲ첻áСطجج˷ѣ
Ĺά䲻мһˣЦһ˭˵֮ţ
˵ġ
Цһ
̬Ȳ죬ҲԲ̲Σ
Ŀԣû˵˯
һӪʣͲδʵҲ̬ȣ޳ָϥصšĿԽӪɫȻԵá
֪˶ã˯ŵ˺Ȼðһ䣺һֺòˣǰյռζͦ
ȻһͣǴбƳ
һЦ
ҹɫˮ繳׵ɫսӪ֮УΪдªİһɴ΢΢һЦҵҲͦ
䣺


46 
ԤϵҪԸԭΪü˾ܶסȺ֪νļ
ֶԽֱԾʹԽס
˵򺣣Ӫеϸ˶ľսʱվ͸һըıƵģӪش˭ǰֲҺáӪԼһСײǹϡ
ȻһδƽһﻹûѹסǱͷ˾ȵˡǴ󶼻֥𶼻Ĺˡ
õʡƣʥӵȨҲеҪĹԱְ𡣰˵佫ĹְҲܣͥͰȱ⡣Ŵ˵ؿຮྩԶ͢ΪʡʱʡߵĹԱ·ŵ˴󶼻С
󶼻פ̨Զǧ֮⡣󶼻æ±عסְ󲿷ﶼύµܶʱܲЩ˵һ仰
Ȼ֥һգͱӪǱߵУξţȺ˹ȥһûӵˣ֮ϴԺܶࡣһţⲻͿʼҡ
һ磬֮򺣾ͽȫнʡ
һԭǲġ򺣲֪ôģǾʱʾ׽£Ļǵ没ͶҽҲһȥ
Ի̱Ӫ¡
򺣱ıûУΪɿġȲܲռλԼĺôֱ˵˱ӪӪЩӪ֮ºֱ˴ݺǳСʵ򺣿ᣬ֮жúܡ򺣴ʱ˵ЩǶһ٣ΪЩСžšнնĹͣһԼȥ˭ֲźùӳԡ
һ壬ƳкЩɫ˱䡣Żɫ˿ǡĩˣŵԼǶɹѹأض᲻Я֮лᶨоˡ
ȻЩȻ˵ġ
˾λһǸձ衣һǴͷβû˵䡣򺣴˷ǳɣŵôĻſھ壬չˡһھһڣֻȥǱӪŲҪ˱Ϣ
⻰ҲΣ˵ֺ̰ڣҪЩΪָͷ©ûô˭Ը£˵ܽ˲ѣٲЩ˵İѱ
仰˵ǵˣҶꡣ
֥ӪϢһŵòֻ򺣣ЩֽŲɾЩǾ塣ʱ򺣰ѻˣȻ͵뷨ӡ
鰵º֣ӪЩ¶ȫͱȥֻǻ˵ھͱ˸ˣӪİѱӪǱҲٲ˱Ӫĺϡһ߸ͱǱҲԴСʱһн˵һߵֱܾͣˡ
ʲôȱǽ첻ȱţȺƷУξһһѡʲô⣬ͷλʸȥֱɸ˹ǲˡ
Ͷã֪˭֥һɫë
ˣȻǸֵˡⶥòŮǰѰġôؽ磬ƧʲôòŮӣȥͷҡ˵𣬽һĽû񻣬ǽһò绨
⻰һأ衵ʹ̧ѻƵ۽ɫ
˶٣Ա״һ䣺ŮзҪôͣҪ;۵ģзĸ͹ȥǲá˵֥Ǻˣⷽмɻ䡣
һۣü
֥ȷʵǺˣǱ߹ĶˣǿŮࡣһ⻰֥ǴʱҪ˼棬ʲôϢȻܲҴš
һ䣬֪˭˵˾䣺֥ǿŮ࣬˱㲻ǽԵǽˡ
ſڣʱֶû³̡
ִִȥûָǱӳһģϹҸԴװô
ֻԴ۹۱ǱǹĵںšҲҪָֻš˽ֻΪԿءһҲϴʵжǱӪһϵġ˷һĴٸǳ۶ӡ
ЩӾûķˣûбķӣָǵ죬Ͷ޲ҹţȺˣȻҪˣǻӸϽȥޣ
ذڰ˶һһص
Ӫʣ˶Ҵȥ
񵥶һӪʣӪؾӪΧĵط衷彣ɫһ΢΢۾ȥɽӪʡ
ɽӪء
ײ䲻׳Ӫأͷϵľȴơһ˱ܿĿȥ˶ֵ֡ʳһţ⣬ڽߣӪ֮ǰһ̯λǰһԡɽ̧̯£һ̳ӾʩʩȻӪء
һԾͱζǰûѹȥԽԽ˵бۡ
ԭڴפصĸ߹˹ᣬ˱Ӫи߹ٹܻ¸кաָյĴԽﻹ˯ţ
˵ģͲָı˵ˣ
Ҫҹټȥ顣
Ŷеʲܲοһֱ˶ţȺе紵ݶյϢͷȻţȺֱʣòûᵶţȺ
±ǵøӪһѵɣҲ壬ţȺΪλֶΣƨҪƴûͱӪЩ¡ţȺ⹷ˣɵˣ
ҰˮȫõͷϣǾͱ飡
Ҳҧȥ
ʵϣѹձȷʵѵ˲ٶոżһ˲ЩոĲȥһ˵ģ˲ϳֶЩͳȥǮˡ
оţȺ
ʵϸϸҲ⣬ӪȱӪеơӪλÿǰ붫֮䡣żžֻвʮ·żűҹӪһ㶯ûСһӪԹúɶȥ
屻ҪӪͱӪţҪˡţȺΪӪĳ٣׵Ҫܵ뷴ţȺ͸򵥣ͱɡ
ȻżźڼҴٶɱһͱ֥ҹţ
գͷ̽¡
С˭ҲеΡ֥ȷʵ̰ɫţȺСҲȲͷɴñȻѸϵ
򺣵һģţȺǱȻը˹
˰һһȻͲ塣򺣸ͱѣ͸ɴһͱסţȺֱӽ˹֤ύϳʡ˹򺣣򺣴˾߼޻
ʱ˸ɴĳˡû֤˵ʲô޶֤οӪﻹ˵Ķ䡣ͷŲ飬ֻҪҧԼʹŽһ򾡡ţȺ߼޻
ţȺ֤ݣҲУֻ򺣵֤ݼϽ˷˵ʵվסš߳ύżһ˲
ӪòɿΣ
һ£ţȺΪ׵Ӫһ˱ȫְӪҳһţӪǿһ١򺣳ɹţȺȴûϵһѽΡڼҴżűһΪ䲻ҪˣҲҪܵǣ˳𣬲֮±ã÷ٺꡣ
ӪϲΪһӪ֮ʱãջӴ󶼻˹
Ҳ˵ΪһѪæһûҺãԼĽ֮·֪ˣţȺల¡̬һ䣬Ѿû˼ȥĥģʼĳٲ롣Ҫǻֺᷢɽ··Ѿˣɽ򺣵ӡ򺣲κ죬˸Ҷӣ͸·ɱˡ
գ۾͹ӪĴ󶯾ûѰɶӰ졣
ǹ٣ֻҪ̣漰˰ũɣյӸλΡܼÿ⣬˷ϵĹٱɫҴҡĵҲжĸı䡣ûعңϵȴҲȥӪؿɽкû±Ӫظ߶
ҶȻ飬ɽԴк϶޵ķʸ
ͷ׮¶ɽܼҵգײϺšѰղӰ׵ܼҵˣɰɽ˻ˡǳ׵⣬ֶҲö˶˵ܼšģԭԼûãˣ׳ʵ˲١
ɽϲûҶιͷлľȸ֮
Ҷαô֣صĵлŪò˼æ˷䡣ÿɽԼȥ˵˵
ϺҲɽȥԼݡ
ͷø˵ʲôɽٳҶε񶼾˲١Ҳû˵ʲôΪĻǰӪƺظҶ˵˵صӪ˸ɫĳ٣ҶԺã⼸һζûȥӪظðͷ
ӽƽȣọ̀Ҷջڶ˸ӡ
еԱ߲ԶòſõһڵӡǸӵĶҪ붫ЩؾͶˡŲżļ۸ǳߡ
ô߷ô˵ɡҶεլӣСһ͵ؽѣһԺ䡣ĵƤ˵ֵԶҲ㹻㣬ĥȴֻ˶ʮʱ̲Ųӵ֮һҪʮһǮ١
Ҷλ˺ЩĥĥƤӶ˻˵ͨӸ̬ȶֱܼ˵һλúãʾʮǿĵͼۡ
ĥͻһҶʵϲλãЭˡ
ʮͷʲôûСǵѣͷܲöˡҶҪӣɴҾߡҲûңʩ̯֣ҪΪʳ¿֮ǰҶδҾӣ߰˰˵ػȥСʮ
õֵǰһ죬һϯһ¡
µ׵ʱӽλ֬õһٰʮ滨ǱҪĶֱ࣬õ˶һӵٰʮҶͷ˴Ȼʹ󷽡ϸϸһ룬ʱմһæһҪһ滹öӣȷʵúúһ¡
Ҳͷһõģ̯ȥţ⣬Ҳһٺõģ
һ䣬ԺӵĻ
ҶҶϺԴסܼңܳ⡣ÿĵĲǳԲԵñ̵ܲĳԣǽܳʲôʳʳûʲô룬ŵľһܳԵñԵúáնĸˡ
ԭҶðڰƺתԺ͸ҪȥǡפдС£ӪӪǱʱйٱءõĶӴסҶ˫̥ҲͦôĶرͽаסúԺ
ȻڵĸлôһӳҶεĺҶεҲⲻȥҺԺӣ϶ֺͷһͷԤҶپټҰȥ
һΪҶõӺͺ룬Ҳһ¹ѳӲŮܼߺôиüӵڣӳʲô¶Ҳ˶
ӣͷû̫ǮҲ˵ʲôǮ֪ͼ黰ֻܰӽһҵĶݼϡƽܰĻƽҶγ£ϸȥУһȥġȨӻ
˵Ҷòתû¶ǰ˲ˡ
ҶòҪôͰȻܻв۵ɫƦû˾ǰһãǳҵĵط١ʱҶΪ˸ַɳԶĺ滨ȥ˼أܻôһġ
ֿɾͺݶˡոߣԺֶϽŶǳСҪɱ¶˶ɱҲֹݣŵòҶε˶ˡ
Щû˵ҶЩ֪Щ֪Ҳܼ˶ҶƽҲչˡ
̯ӣҶȥţеĲ˶ЩԤЪһգվʽţͷˡ
ţһ󳵵ĺòؼңҶţϣ͸ţͷߡ
һ˲ŵſھԺͷЦԺǿŵģϺûţͣԺͷʹܳһӰǺӰٶȺܿ죬һԾţϡ
ҶЦһ㡣˫צҶεļϣ£ţ
ϺţϽԺӣǰȥжҶԺһԺһˡ˻ٵѣҶϵǰŸ̫ߣԺϸ²Ŵõľϡعͷò衡
Ҳˣعͷﰡʰˡ
ҶΡŶһ̧߹ȥϲ֪ʲôʱЦ۽ǶӡվӪ﷢˲£ʰѾǾ˾ջ
˵Ҷε֣ʰǰûϴȥյˮ
ʵ˵²ģ忡ࡣǰٻЩʱչòЩݳ˿ɡ
ͷҶΣ۾գһ£ûϴͷǽƼݵˡ
ҶΣֲʲôǵϴͷܼĹϵ
Ҷεͷ⼸ôתһ˼ҲŻ׷Ҳе㲻ʵźô˴ȥѡ
תһߣϵգգ۾ĿԺİϡ
Ϊûô˵ϴ˵ǳ֮ǰӰ࿴һܼŮ졣˸յ˵ͷŶȥ
衴ʩʩȻҶεӡ
ӵʱҶڷպô˸ڴϵһ
ԭǲСķңմֲԼĶ׼ϡǾôɣβôһɨͷһĶһ衵ǸˮĲϡϤĲϣϤ͡üͷϸؿˮ첼һϤͼҶ̧սݵ衡
ҶǹŹֵɨĪһ
衶˶ɫ򶨵ôˣ
ǴĶõģ
Ҷε۾Ϭ÷·Ҫǰ͵µĹ̴
գգ۾Ŀ䵽ǼˮɫСϵһ˲䣬ձͨ졣ѸٽݣֹšεȥϰѴҲѹɤ˵ĸҵİ
ҶΣ
ΪԼǻӻˣһ飺˵ʲô˵һ飿
ĸҵģȻõ
ҶΣ
衻ߵߣǼѴϸصá
Ҷ𾪣
һͦεҶεǰӸֺϾشеƲסغϸ̬Ǻһ㡣˽Ķ򲻿ٽ˼ģǵȲص˽ԲİǾͲԲ
Ҷεһ±졣
ǷҪͣԸҡһƫգõѪ
ҿ˿ƳһŰֽһȥץˢˢؾ͸˺ƬȻֳһԶ衵ǰŮɢ
գգ۾
ôҶһץס죬ǿӲظԼĺθ߶ȡҧгݣ·ѩûУˡڿʲôô
衺ŽߵŮӵϢ滨㡣Ũܵ۽޲÷ɿ죺ţ˭
Ҷζݺݵؾס⣺ص㲻˭ڿޣڿޣԩԩ˹ģ
衣


47 
չõĻĵ⣬˫ִһʡ˴˶Ÿӵ̬һװ·ֻСѵĹҶľؿ衰ص÷ŽԼѰͷͲغ
ǵװŴ𣿡˺ܾãҶֱӻûס
ļ˹ĵҪװһɬѵģö֮ذѶװò˼ҴʱӦֱӰѶ
Ϊβװ衴˵һ˾ӵš
һ˫ָ޳ӳɫĲԽİ𪡣ֻһֹŴֲһְֻõѣҶε˹İ˸ᣬ˵ĺһ˹šǾҶεŤͷΪֱ׳ⲻҵô
ҶΣ˵Ҫޣ˵ĻҶҲ˵һ顣
һô𣿡
б۾ﲻ
ҶΣˣɣ衻޼мйƨأ
Դ衱޼мйҶʱ۶ζܹ̹Ȼԡʿ䣬ҶεƤȲűòǡôһ룬ʱǸİҲûôˡʲôϵ˳衳ȥư˾ǡ
Ҷİõذ˸ϳȥѳȥϵˮҲպˡ
ĿҶεıӰȥͷԼİûסЦȥѣһ򿪣ѳһŵѾƲסָˡˮſڵʱԼҶӰϱ·ȫ§ϣһһص
ϸģŪϺð춼֪˵ʲôҪϴٵ
衵ѵĶһ̧ͣͷ
˸ŹЦ⣬һߵüͷˮᵽˮһˡ
˵꣬ԼҶǽӲɫ¶ߡ
ϴǱѾæȻ졣
ԴԺ󣬴󽵵ҶεĹֻҶȥģҶؾѧˣҶĸóԡ츳ⶫǺ˵ҶκɴվһָӡҶҲö˻˵ôô
ԭ˵ýճϯĲЩࡣţҶԤСţ⡣üԺգֶصÿֲ궼
ܽҶţ٣Ҷ
ܵǣԺֵļȫˡɹúϸִʵϣӦ·֣·ݳԡǷڣҲÿֻˡһֵĵؽ˺ЩҶժ˼ɳȿȸߵöƵġ
ϺͺҲֻˡϺ֣ˮҵǡ
ҶĥԼǳԲ꣬͸õȥǰҶһأذղʶܻǮʳϣ⻨Ǯƺʽ
Ҳûۡһ뵽ⶫֻԼûУһ޶Ʒе㱩ҶҲûȫժܳľͷڵĥѰ·ȥýЩȣҶο˶ˣÿŲȥȥԺժĺϡ
ձߣͰˮʲôöûȻһϳкϣ
ҶϴһŤͷϵã
ճԹء衵ͷͰ鵽źͷչҶԵĻҪ٣ɫ࣬·Ǹմժġ
Ҷεüͷͷۺϣ̧ͷ衡ɫ㲻ƿЦˣĻ𣿡
Ϊβܣ衵ûͷȥȻ֪ͷһƬأ֪Щʲô
Ҷεĵģ˵ؾ
˵ʱҶԺ߶Դ·ݴԺϾ򲻿͵ֱͷ̥Ҷֱһ㸾˴ࡣǲһҪ¡һֱ⻰ͷʱҶóԺ߼Ȧ
ҶԼĪյ¶˫̥Ͼһҽݣ򡣰ҺţŸһۡ
ʱҶû˵Ļȴˡͷת̵۾Ƴüͷ˼ҶΡ
Ĺܲȥԭͺ׬ͷˡԭӵ˺ܶࡣǹͷõúãָɾӡ
˵Ҷξ̲סżǰʹ̶ӵ⡣ֻǰ̽أκûʱȥ̶̸һӲ⣬ԭӵաճ죬࣬³ɱӱҶεҪҶСͥƵߵƽ·ߣ̶̸Ȼû̫ĵϾͲһˡ
ⶫԴԭĸ˵ʻҲǽλֹϹͳ;䡣ֻһЩĵطˣⲻʸ̶̸ˣ
⾭Ҷȴû˿ı¶ͷܶ⻹ûȹ˳ʳ̯Ӻͷȶˣȴ𲽡׬ϹǮһ롣
þˮţһ
ʮ·Ժתˡûʱ򣬸պô䲻䲻ȵġǱ߸հֿʼزˡһţҶ˵ҪĲͶ
ҶժˮϣǰЩʱɽݹػײüع룬ô죬ٲЩ˱æżȻϯ׼ЩþƺòˡӪ⼸ͣ衰ѴúõͬŸһ١
㲻ְôһϯյӿţˣȨ˫ϲš
ʵҲ¶ţⲻûҶԼʱЦЦֽ̧Ҷλ䵽Ե鷢𵽶󣺡УкԵһ£ȥȥ
Ӫؽãط㡣
ҶЩϰʱʱͷСˡ˶ɣʱҶûӦѾˡ̧ͷѾߵͰʰ˵תԺӡҶŬŬ죬ɴֻ˺Ҷ˵׷
Щеıһݸ߸ˡ
ҶȥԺժϣժϣԤһĺ¾ơ
߲Űز˳ã˸ǡˮҲҶδǾԣǶϰˣżԻ롣ûˣ׼㡣
ܼ߷Ĳ࣬衾ż൱˾ͽԺӡ
ֻȺֻôһȥܾøߵļӶЩȡɽ˾Ͳض˵û
ҲҶζ֪¡ӪץɢԵ˻ûͣأ¶ǰȫӶİףһԺӾڴԺǽϵĴߡ˵ԺǽҶθȫȨŪģΪԾҶζҲеʶ˵ɫܾ⼸Щһ㡣վߵһһۡһһܾǱһɷ̬
һԺӣ˫Ŀһת䵽ҶεϡĿԵһ˲䣬ʮֲǣЦǽһá
Ҷգգ۾û뵽˻ͦΡղ˲߹ȥûڡͿĶ̧֣Ѱ˸ױ˾ĽǶȣЦõ߰͹Ǻݺһȭͷ
ֻɫ仯ˣˣˡ
еתͷˡ
˹ȭͷʣ岻ʣȻ»
ҭؿ緭ˡ൱衿΢߳һ㡣˫üһ򵥵ĽٿҶεʱϲõЦݶࡣ
ҵĸ֡
ָ꣬һŨü۵ֵǹӪͷ
Ҷοصͷ˾䣺ɩˡ
ҶЩƺѽãͷкǽȥʵ˵ʵڵģԾְܹ֯Ǻ˽⣬Ҳһͷſһ￡ȥھˮùСһóооһ¡
Ҵĸвϡ棬仹Ǻټġ
ϡϡ棬ҲûеʡҶε˸ԼУԼֵġ
ֺϣһ飬ûסˡ
Ҷűߣվţ߲ӰСԲعͷĵյվŮӺͬҴŮ˳̬֮ǲ̬ͬͦӵ˶һ
ͷȻ
ò˵ϿɾͱԹҪĶࡣ𣬳Եﻹġ䶢ŹϿ˻̧ʱ۵ǹɬҪ
ô˷ֳһϣ÷Ҳˡ
̫ˣҶθɴҲ˳ֳԡ衸ĸͬżϰԣҶθüԺӺͷİ˸ӡ
һ٣衾͸˳ȥˡ
ҶαΪȥ˾Ͳˣ׼Ъ硣ӿţͷ⣬绹Ҫ±ͷʳ̯Դ򽻸Ҷȥ˳ƽϣöǰ׼áսݾͳûߵİ˵־ȥ⡣
ڣϽûСѡ
ãᣬֻҪȥ⻹ܽ⿪ġҶοٵָͷڰ⿪һֽд仰ʮ֡
һ䣺Ұ
ڶ䣺Ȱ𷭡
䣺档
ҶΣ
аǵøһ顣ȫ衵һһڳġ֮⣬ȷʵûˮɫĲϡҶְóһСֽ˵㲻ţ
ҶΣôжôʲôҪʲôϵˣ
ޱذѰָϵȥ˸ᡣôģԭˣɴͺŪһ¡Ū꣬ҶΰѶһӣЬӵͷ˯
˯ߺãϻ硣
һ˯ʱѣϽ׼±ͷ׼ʰʳġԴ򿪵ԺͷϼˡϾֻ죬̿һ죬Ȼñ֤жһռɱͷΪ˹Ҷ˼ࡣ
ԭֻ±ͷģ±廨󳦡±󳦸ͷ廨ⲻһǰ̣±ʱζü±ϲڵζ
Ҷζھϴ󳦵ʱ򣬰Ĺˣ㣬¶
ƽܼҺ˴һ㶼ܼæ󲿷ʱǺܱܻ䣬вҶεĸǰաҶνԺ˱飬̧ͷôˣ
ѺϺͳȥô
ԺһƬĹϹܼǳԲġϹȶţ˼ڲԾͻڵԭȰֻóԲϧҲûôϡɽС衵ĻڵȷʵЩ̫ϧʱ̲סһ졣
Ҷһ㶣ɫа취ͳȥ
ЩΪѣ־ûʲôòҴšϱ׽׽ҲˡƬ̣˵ͷһԭƤë·ӣܰѶ
ҶΣ
ȷʵǾˣҶû뵽ûͷȻӭ֮ϲͶԶ
ǹ˵ġ
ݣҶءʵЩ׼İͼܾôİͼЩʱƳ衵ֻƬ־ûô⼽ݵĸݣǲΪǸؽ磬ʵԲ׼ôԶ·ܱ֤͵˲ỵܷŰ¡
⡭
ƤëƤëֻҪúþͲõĻõϹɲһϹıں̡ܶûиûзɻģôԶƤûˡ
һɫҶҲˣͼͲˣ̫Զˡ
ȥȷʵԶˣҲϣǻ˵Ҳɴȫ˵ף͵̨ǹˡ̨Ǳ߱ȶ򷱻ö࣬Ͼأ˼ҹٻ˼Ҷ࣬ȴѷЩʹϹ͹ȥܱ֤߼ۡ
Ҷ۾ʱԽûгĵطô
˵ΪһҶΣ֪ò˵Լµǰˣɴຬмݼҵֵܽã˴Ұĺܣƽﲻ
ҶʵҲû׷ףֻ뱣֤
ġһ㣬ظ֤ҼȻҿڣȻǱ֤ȥ׬ͷġ㲻̫ǡ
ô˵ҶξͷˣУͷáεĹϹҲ࣬Ҳǰ׸ɻܰ·ʵˣǮԲ١
ЦˣÿһЦСƵĻȮݡ
УҲ˵ʲôøǮĻԼԲҪǮб˸ɻ͵øǮҾȥʡұϢգĶչչ
ⲻ˵ҶҲġҶõĶô۳žҪˣȥء
ô˵ϾͲ˰ӰҶóһȦҶθ˵˰ȥŷĻȥñŵ㲻࣬һرҶϲŵ㣬֡
Ҷϴ׼˯£ӴһԾ¡
Ҷβϴͷͷɢظȥ˳ִݺͷһѴ󵶣ǰصģᱡֺܳ֡ſͷϤ衵ɤѵЩѹúܵͣģңһš
ѧˣҲǽˡ
ҶŴ󵶿ţǵɫ֮·ɭȻĺ⡣΢죬һ˫ӯӯˮ۾䵽ҶεϣһȻһ͡
ЩĵĽŲ߹һֻ״סҶεĵɾĵӵϡȻûͷƵֱֱ˵ҶεĻմ˾ţýҹҽšǻǻأǲһԴϣ
ҶΣǵڣϡ
Ҷαȱվ̲ס졣Ǳסˣôһ߸ӲһְֻŸ˩ϡȻ뱧ϴһһĵƿţϴš
ƿţֹš
֪ʱϾվڴôţŹϺҶϲ̵˵˯˯˯ȥ˯ҹµҲȥǸݣ
Ҷΰ˷ݣģҲסɴͰ˷˴
һܹɵһȦȻ˾治ˡҶΰ˩ŤͷҲû취ϡżȻ˾ôһҹ˵ЬȥͿ˯˵ַһͷ
ЬӵĶһͣ۾


48 
ŵľķӶĴͽУԺﵭĲľϢ
Ҷ۾Ŵһˣīɢķ˿ͷϡüͷ΢Ҳ͵סƢҶζҪյţ·ղŷͷĶǱۻǰҪѵЬָϣȥš
Ǳ߰øûƵģŹصģһ㶯ûС
Ҷ·ʱƳȥһֽۣҹô˯ҲûȥϸԿݵȥ˺ýеʳһѾհͷܾݴڿ룬ץһѷһŪСĴôһҡ
ͷɬζĬĬû
ϵ˫Ŀأǳƽȡ뿪ʱû̬ôƶﲻһҶ߹ȥСػ๫๫ô
κûӦս˲߽޳ӰҶ˺ü£ðŷ
һ˫ˮɫ۾ҶΣֺصû
Ƶ˶˵Լûûë
ͷһֻסĲþ˳̵˸Լ򣺡ոѾһ㡣
˵ţͰԼһܾݴĴ׸ݵߡ
Ҷθұ֤ŨĴζһðֻ۾˵ճ鴤һ¡һûˣҶε۾ǵЦݱúơϷѾݵϣֻܹƵȥֻ롣ҶˣЦ
˵°ͣﻹݵֱӰһ׸
衺СܾݴӴ׵ѾûᵽᡣҪ˵߳ʮʲôԼܾݴˡⶫһζζܲˡҶο˰죬ȻӲͷƤװû¶ڣﶼʼˡ
衣ʰǸˡ
Ҷΰʣµİ׷ŵһ߾ĵؿ˿ڣ찡Ȼ๫ιôܾݴ˵ܾݴɱãҲ֪ǲģ๫֪Ϊɱô
ᵽð۾ֲʧ¶ؿ
Ҷ΢΢һЦɱ˼ǣǲǷľѪ
һ˲̧ͷ
ҶҲӡ
ĿԣҶ΢΢һߵüͷú𣿡
пɡ
һ룿
ʮֽӲ˶٣ʵʱֵģ
ͷʱ򡣡
衣
ִȡһӣ˲ղŲСıҶιϵĴסȻĬĬҶεĻƿ˴ԹԵȥԱߣ򿪹óһŲϯڵٷͷҶεҶȥ
Ҷб۾һϵеĶЦܾݴɱҥԣƭġ
ڵ͵һǿƽˡ
లµһҹڼ˷ŻؾӪݱˣפܵƾСࡣפصһֻҪ֮ǰפرɡ
Ҵʰһ㻻ַš
·ԺӣϴިԺϴ̧ͷƼɫҴҾЩ֣Ҷδ˳һ䣺ʰôˣһ㼱
ݲȣжִٵʱ򣬶ʱЩ֡˸ި˲СĿ衵ıӰջҹӶϱһģٿһҲ˼ʵֱ̫ӣòѯҹ
˾ƾ˯ˣҶŽӿŵ¶شúǷܡ
һ⻰ľһ⡣
ҹƾûðôһ˺һû뵽ûķȥʱЩżĿĵ䵽ҶϡҶӯ㲻йģʱĵһ
ʰʰöʼĶǲʲô
׸һϵģҪȻҳոʰһȣ
ϵ⻰ðʮͻȻҶ䲻һ¡ûʱոȣӲ׳øͷСţƵģҹ˯ࡣ׶ҲûɶҲͷ£ۼҲȱǸǮ
˵Ǯĵزһ䣺ǲǮá
ϣ
Ҳ˵Ҷ磬ҶοʳĶ׼Ĳ͸Ҷôְᶫ
ϳʳ̯ӵ¯͹ӣ±õͷʮ廨⣬һͰķʳ˰Ѷȫţţߵȴʮȵܼ㲻죬˻ȻţáҶθҶһһߣڳϡ
Ϻţһ˦֨ѽ֨ѽ߶
ӵһտţСطûʨӣҶר˱ַšžıһ죬ֵ˵Ŀⶼ
ʩ̯ӵҶʳдˣЩЩŵġⲻһЩ˻ȥλõʩ̯ò̯ڣΪʩָ̯һЪ̯ӡ֣ŷʩ̯ˣųʳࡣ
ϰ⻻ˣʳǸۣЩǼۣ֮ǰҪ
ҶʳԭۣǼۣһġµ꿪ָòͷյͷĿˡͷͶ±Ĳ࣬һʶۼĥƷζʮֲģȨͷˣ
⻰һ˵Ⱥо˽кá
ʩ̯ͷζǶõġ˼Ǹգѧѧⲻһ˵Ʒϰﻹ󷽵زǮͷͣ˭ﲻˣͷˮ˺٣󳦾͸ˡ˵͵ģһ󳦣ЩвǺӦ
ҶԼĪҲµˡǰܼԼҳʱһķӦһġôһ룬Ҳûżֻͣ˵ʱճһȳζ
Ҷνüòãֺ󷽡ʳﲻôƵ󳦣Ҳû˵Ļֻ˼ϰպãȻʲôóԡҶʲôʱʼҶֻܺЦش𣺡ʳ
ۿɾ͵ųˣ
ʳҶȻҲЦӭˡСطӺãԺҷĶϵáҹϵúãʩ̯߿Ȼֵ˵û
µ׵û䣬ʱ׶ҶֱϺ¯˵ſڡһһ׼õʳġ¯ӻһҶýһ̯ζƮɢЩζͶˡ
ӵʾûȥأûãЩ˶û塣ʳζϼζϲԼӵͲˡ
ʳ̯ӵҶλǽõϡ
ıҪֽҶżôżҲĻΡܸҲʮ꣬żǡż¶Լѹեͯô࣬ҶظһǮûǮõֶӸ˵ú޲һ쵽Ҷθɻ
ڳʳ̯ӣҶλ顣Ǻ޲ðеľЩͷҶβſʼ޵Щʳģһؼ൱ϲĲɫ˵ʳȶǸӦгüӵļĶͦá
òر࣬ԼĪʱ̾ûˡ
վʳ̯ӾӾáǵЩʲͻȥùϴɾûصԺȡҲ㡣
Ъ˾ޣҶö۵ģԸʳЪ
ҶýӹҶε̣һڸ߸˵Ӧˣ
ϺںΣ˵ҶŪָ̲˴ʳǴӣΪ˷ˡһЩʳʱЪϢλӣҶεɵʱź̲ӵĽṹ˵ڲŪ˸ܴĳں˸泯ŵĮ̇ŵĮ̇ľӺ͹ҹпͷֲλ
ȿҪ⻹䣬ֻվڰ̨ͷѡҲǷ˳ƣѡ˾ȥҲĮ̇Ǳ߳ƺŽˣбǡ
мǴԼʮӵλãÿλŪò¸պá
󲿷⣬кߡòҪڵԵģҲ³ԡôһŪ衴ʱһ̵İ裬Ϊ͡
üͷôŪͦá
ƳһۣԼλ£ڹӺͷҶãأ
Ҷںͷ̧̣ͷһۿ衻һ㶡һ̲Ǻ˺ðܿ˵ڣںԺ
ǱѾſҶˡȻҪǮġԴְԺٺ»ͶˡһȻƲѣͶšָӾҪУһ飬ְ裬ԡ
Ҷòͷһؼˣϻؼ;ÿҲͽ򿡵ףվһܰ˳ĵóǻظվһûԳ˵ʱȷʵεЩˡ
СͷشӹȡȥһԳơ
ոҶа̯ЩıҶλɿĳƺãҲ죬Сӹӳ⣬ǰͷһ죺ͷʮһ廨ʮһһһٶʮģСȽ˺С
ԭûע⵽⿴ǸСʱӲĻһۡ
һŷ֣˵ٻûȫҲܿǸӡŸ衵˻мһת˵㶺Ū˼СĿˣͷһûбô
δ֮ʱҲŮ׷˵ˣżϸСһЦǵġ
˼ԴҶøѧһٿȲӿ
ʱЦҲĿ졣۹۱ǱǹģɣһٶʮģûˡƷ󳦡
󳦣
ϻȥܼҳԷ˺ЩʲɫûԹӡ
ҶҲö໰˸СӾȥŵĹ̨ͷԭǺͷ滹һڴȫҶ±õ󳦡ÿӼһСڳƿٿѵس˶ȻһѴ˵žһ鵽ϣС
Ƴô˵򡣡
һڴûͭ塣һСӡ
һˣֱӾ͸ҶáҶ£һͭŲ̋ľ͵ؽ廨һͷͶʳгŪõ±ܾ֭ݴһ裬̧
Īţһɫԡ
ҶõͷװӣֻصԼλǹĳ뻹һһ̣ȥ˳ž
Ŀһе䣺
ûƦͷȣûҶξȥԺˡ
ȵĳˣҹǵһҹȥ͹ȥˡʱҶȻôһ˲ĽӲЦһЦҲǢʱַ˿мҡҶ̧̣ͷ˳ָʢһ롣
Ѱ˸λ£ӹûʵЩҶ̸̸ϻسȥ˷˱Ƚ˷˹𸴡ҶҹǸǾܾ˼ô
ûйŮӽĵľ飬ЩǣܾǾܾٻϣЩת֮ء
죬û˵ͱҶοڴϣõģǣ𣿡
ҶҲ͵һʵкܶҪʱһֹģҪʲô۶ӻô
ĬĬһڣ
׼˵ϺӽŵĵطҴҹ䲻ȵܵѶʪˡ
Ҷһںȵ̣վ˾䣺ôˣ
ңϺһ¶ͷĺ϶ǽɫĿİͰ͵˵ȥֵӻҪĶƹ˵ûлˡ˵ԭǱ߹̶ӰѼ۸һ룬̫ˣû׬ͷͲҪǸˣû
ӵѾȶˣ̺֬滨ǱŶ˵á̵֬ٶмӴ˼Ҷβżһ趹ûʱϺȥȡ
ôûУҶüͷΪ˱֤ҶοǸӻƹǩġ
ϺҲ˵ǲʲô⾭ҲԼʲôġҶεķԸȥȡ˳һµǮõĻظûƹ˵ԲסǱ߶ϻûʱ˵˵ǩ͵û¶ɡ
ܵû¶һԼ˫ĺԼҪؽġǩֻѺǿҲҪȥƹҲ˼ӣŶûô
ҶҲû˺̵ģżҪȥǱ߿
һ첲ͱסˡҶŤͷȥ衷롣Ů˽ĵȷһţֽ̧Ҷҵ޽Ǹ˸ɫĪţһȥơ


49 
µ꿪ŵһգͷ˺ܶࡣһЩʹһ˵ġ˵⣬һ۸񲻸ߣҲ˲١ҶýҶ˵Ͷ󳦵Ĺأ˭˶ͣҲ˼ҪҪ
Щ֪ģĶ࿴һСԶ֪󳦡
ӽУҶξ͸һҴȥֵӻ̡ǵӵʱƹ˾ͷˡƺҶε̧ͷͷӲ졣̧ҲЦҶƹĽµ꿪ôй
ҶһϵЦݾ͵Ϊ趹һ¹ġ
ƹһݳɫЩưףǴѪĺˡͷЩϡ裬Ū˸šվ̫ߣԼĪ衼λá
Ŀ䵽Ҷεϣת䵽Ҷߵϡ
衸մפسϴžٵַʽײ䡣αֱɣɫȲ˵һ˫۾峺·ܽ˵˼͸ֻһۣͽƹ˵̬ȶ˲١̣ЩСĵʣ֪λǣ
๫Ҷ£תʵƹ˵²趹Ǻ⣿
вһ˵һͳȥ
ʵϣвǴĹͣҶε趹ӦġǰżȻһײҶȥ滨ӣǷ˶򸻹˼ҵҶ﹩ġ
вƽûж̲ܣϻҵһӣ˵ӻ⡣
ûʢ֮ǰϴЩǮϴϴô඼ҵ趹˵ҲУƷʱĲ̫ࡣʱ׬ͷ˵ڸҶιɣ̹
֬̿ʼԺ趹ʽ
֪ͷè壬Ľ׬öȴڼʣԴ̵֪֬ǴҶģ滨ǰ潸õҲҶιġҶõ趹ҵģоͱˡ͵ع۲ܼһ£Ҫõ趹ͷʮֵܡ
һһǮӣĻ趹ʮﶼ̫ˡҶ̰֮ôҲÿģκ˼ÿô˵ļ۸趹ӣ۸飡
ô͵ĳɱ׬ôߵĺǮɵˣ
вﲻʹ죬ʹ˵ҶԺһԳԴС̯ż׬ӵǮǴٳȥģ
һ¶ʹҪҶεƣҶȡ͹ҧûС
ȷʵûбķӣҶƹ񡣡
ве衣ַľŲǵġ뵽Ҷ׬ǮӲסû¶ӣҲãطƧģԭĺû͹ڸԭн۸˵
˵ţƳһ衣˼Ƥһ۸һ㶨ļ۸񣬶ҽļۡ˵ҲǸڵˣû׬ͷǮô⣿
Ҷεüͷ˵ȻҲ¶ô˵ϵӲʱѰңν
Ҳû취вװһ޿κΣкȻۣҲʼδ
˵ϣвˣˡ
Ҷλ˵һѡ
вţ˿ڣⲻῴ￴ĽƹǸˣÿ½Ӧֻͷдġ
衻˵ƶвȴ˵Ļ
ﵱȻдģдĴвžǳ׼ϱӵ趹ûб趹ƷʸõģҶҪûֻܴŸҶڵġ
ŶɿڣΪ۸׬һʣеУҲࡣ
˵ţ۾ƳһҶΣҲû취ҪҺڣǮǣ
ҶεɫѿҲǿƲסʵڱˡ
ײ衣ϲŭɫ˺üŰɱƸѹȥʰɫٿڵվ˵Ҳ㣬Ѱĵط˵
вž׼Э̵֬ۿգҶҪͿĺܼżĵڳ˸ͷֻʧ˭ʧôǮ
УȻСвЦЦ̧״ԺһңҶƹ;ٴһȥȿڲ裿
ҶεЦЦһӻ̵ĺԺ
ӻ̺ͷԺӵģвŷȥһ¡ˮûͲװˣֱ˵ԭȶļ۸񹩲ˣϷҲ˵ԭǮʮһ趹ҶҪһһܽܡ
ҶεɫѾѿݣࡣֱʨӴ󿪿ڣ
ü۸ˣйɵǺܵġⲻ˵ĺɫͱηɿڴӦˣ´η屶ſڣ
ƹǳҶڻҲ湩¸µӣô̸ҲûмȥıҪǩģ˵ûõȥ˫ǩֻѺǾƾݡ㵥ԼǿԺҪ⳥ġ
ҶǸӣ˷Լ㡣Һֵø棬ҪҪģҲ·ƹˣ㵱ҪΥô
вû뵽ҶͲƢԾȻôӲ๫Ա߻û˵أԸ͸ҵ˵ⲻҲա
̬ŪЩĻţв衣λ
ܡ
ܴˣɲһ׮С£ûб˵вĥ˲һ֮ȻҶε๫ˣȻ๫
衸ʵгͻҶһŮ׳ԿҶ⣬ʱһЦԵֱ׳׬ǮңȻӵ˼
вһҭ衵ĿʱŹ
һ澪Ҷ̬ôǿӲȻһЭŴӶûУһίʵ𾪡ô˸ľ٣Ȼʲô¶ġ˵ʲôûҵ˵˵ڣҶƹˣϳҼҵ趹ƳõӣҵĿûôõЧá
ҶܱסͲҶˣ趹ҲᡣǾ趹̫鷳ҪĹ࣬ʱճԼܰˡ˭õŸ˳Щ
ƹǣҶ⣬۸񲢷ǲ顣ƫĥЩϽң˱ûгţٴҲҸ㳤ں
˵꣬ҶҲأΥһ£ҲѰٸ׷๫פؾ٣鷳д⳥ǡ
ҲôߣǻƤɵӡ
۾ӯӯһƳ衣衵յʾһ˲ʧЦȴһ̬ʱһƣǹӸλķʮˡ
衵ؿ˿ڣƹ


50 
ÿ³彻ҲͼյĹ˵Ҫ̵֬Ļͱˣ԰Ǳȴ޷֤
԰Ǳ߲ߵ̳·ӣ潼ãϴͷãϴãϴãϴֽҲҪãһӰ²ꡣǰֻҪ飬ȷʵźҪԽԽҪʱڲַΪ˷ֻܼͨǰ
һֱò趹ԭϾûа취ƳƷҲǵڱס˺
ӿŻû˶ã߾͸ڳ¶Ҷγǰͥǰͥ⵹ǸСİο
衼²ߣƬ̿ڵҲȫûа취
ʵϣǰ趹ҡǸӵƹ趹ƷʲвŵӲ۸ҪĻֻ͡еԶһһٵһĹ򡣱趹Ǽ˳ֵ£˭ȥ򶼳ɡ͵÷ֳһȥר
ѰķӦӦһ򡣡
ɤ죬ģһſڱܰģӦǰ͵ԶĴ㡣⣬ռ˷ԲʮгԭϵԴͷͱԼСڲ֮أܷκһ˿ܻ˰ڲ©ڡ
ҶεȻ֪ԭϱⲻûôʱҲûôֻ֣˶Ρ
Ȼ۵㹻ʲ̺ţ齨һ֧ԼҵܻѺڶӡҶµĲҵչԺĹ滮ͷĴֻάеⲻ©ȫ̹ܿء
Ǿ͸̶Ӻ˵δ̣һͨͨġ
̶ӣĿǰ˵ܹӴпǢ̸ֻг̼ҡҶٿһ̧๫԰˽ж٣Ӧôʣ๫οˣ
ˣ˶٣£Ϊ£
кβɣԻաȻǸð֡
ǰ˵һܰͺȥ̨˸ӡڡֻ衶԰Źֵ̬ȣ뷨ҲĴǡǰŵùһ׹ϵ÷±Ȳʶ˸ɿЩ
ЩҶε԰ϸ΢̬Ȳˡ
˵ţϱͨ·߳꣬ûλ˷˴Ϊ֮ͷ۵ɲⱲⲻЩȡϱҲֻϸ
ҲǶ԰гɼֻǰϱӵӡʶطˣֻǴԴҰܾ಻ǣơ££ûôס
ΪβףԴҰҶγϣɾһƥײеǡҲǰ㲻صˣǣ޹ҲŻ᲻ܾǣңȻ³о
ҶܼϾҪָúһ˫̥Ϊ˴湻ҵҺڣ׬Ǯ˵ҲûҪѰ߸һӵ˼ˣҪūɵò˳ģҲǿԵġ
⻰衡գգ۾ɻϱɲô
ûеġûã޶ûС񻹲Ҷ÷򸾵״ǰһأȴֻ˵ŻеҶͶܼҡ
Ҷδʱüˣ
˸ˡҶιհ͸ûˣӦǿˡӴ˫̥
üͷ˻һ죺Ҵðɡ
ϱӰûȢޱˡȢҲҶãͷӦǳ²Ż˫һˡ˫ģҲֻһ׮¶
Ҷοü˵뵽ʲôɫǰĻϡ
ǳڶ衵äĿΣǱġ±ͺգҽʩ걸ĺҲΪȥŮӣοĹŴ趹һֻϺȥһˣȶɹǰѹҪ
Ҷ˼һ䣺вΥԼһ£ҪЧΥԼ⳥ජŵ㡣
衿ӣ˹ǣš
Ȼô˵ҶξͰ¾ȥԺǲٸвźҪұĹ̼ңҶվ̸̼̼ڷԲĵؽЩ˲üˣȶѰһˡ
ôһ룬Ҷȥ￴⡣ҲӼæˡв˲ˣȴʮó˳ƽҶڶͷ⣬ǮϵʮǢ
ҶһҪ֣תȥԺϺ
Ϻ˷ԸҲû飬¾ͼţ׼ȥѾ𣬳뵹ҲõĻܵ˵šǱ߽Ǯ̫ܻۺˡ
ҶһҪСģϺȴЦˣ⸽·û˱Ҹ졣
տǼݳ˵ģܹˡ
ҶһҲǣͷУȥء
Ҷθܶɹ;ɹЩ趹ⶫţĥɷԺܷϰꡣҲԺ⣺ЩȽϣѡƷõ趹
Ϻ֪Ӵţһ˦Ҵˡ
һյԶҶεĹƣ˵ףС̯úáС̯ϳԹҶζͣ˼ûͻȻȻͶࡣԭֻͷʮ廨⣬ʱȫˡһͰķʳͣûָǮ
Ե乫󼸸衵ͬţԵ÷ʳͷ⻹ζһܲ˵Ըȥ¾ƣ񫡣
ʳʱֻ͡ҶοҶϳ̲סЦԣ
䱻ҶЦЩ˼ƽûٰãɫ̰ǮƲĽͺһڳʳѵÿôõ쳢óԵȻʧ̬ЩｫҶҵЩͭͳŻصϣһЦǸãҽЩ⣬оͰǮ
ҶƳ۹ϵͭ壬һҶΡȻһ§Ǯȫ§·Ǯ
Ҷεͷûж嵶뿪
ûжˣҲûҪɺšҶͰѵŸˣӸһȥҪõͷ⡣ãչҲһδʳˣʵĳʳҪһӲŻȶȽѰ
ţϺˣǲյҲûˡĶ⿿̧ҲУҶθöСӵӡЩʵڲУҶȥͷ˸
óװЩȥܼҡӺͷûоˮ㡣Ҳ˶͡
㲻УϱǮӸһţϾ;üһţǲģȥӵƣܲӡܵÿ죬Ҳ󣬽ԽԽ󣬿϶ֹһҲǵ˸ɻ
˸ɻ󳦾ȥܡ紦Ҳʡ
Ҷβû⳵ȴСܼҸϵУǵֽŲɾҶθ£ⲻҭʳ¶İԼˣǲǻһ˲ӡ
ôһ룬ҶǽвŶ趹˵ˡ
⻰˵ϵˡԶʱʱҲˣֻ˵һ䣺˶
ô죿趹ûӻôƣӵ䷽ģ趹ӵĹؼлô۲һŲͶɣ
ᣬѾȥˡҶ̾˿Ǹһ̵Ľѵ
ؾôˣҶʲҲ̲ȥ˼ȥģĿܵҪвô£е۵Ǻֽдõ飬ԸǩֻѺġ벻¾Ͳ£û
ƧĵضЩ²뵱ȻҲǰ㶥áٸ첻פز¶ܲҪģǳˣܰ˸ֻг԰÷ݶ
˰ô͵Ļ⣿ҶΡ
ϳĬˡ
˵ףǹŵĲ´Ьģˣġ
ҲĪˡҰ¶๫ȥҶοظһһģģϽֲһ䣬๫˵š
ҶԭΪ˵İЩķӽвʶܼҲǣЩѵ»زɺ˭֪رȥ˵ص̰
ҲʱҶβ֪̰ġ˵޹ٸŹ£ö̶࣬ӷǳࡣΪ˱֤̻ҪعͽšˣɵصĴǣͷһ̰̰ͷ˾̼ҵĵ˳
仰˵̷׵
֪θ̰ĳġвһ۵ӻСƹڹ̰ĸǰϺˡΪŵΪһ
һβţٴβȡáвŲ֪Լһʱ̰Ʊն˲·Ҷ֪¶ҲǺܺ
ʱæŰѶţϽԺҶͦ˶ĶӾʹި͸һĸıؾҪ
˱˺壬￡ӢСҲӺͷ˵
ļЩڳιģһһ֣ԼȥҶΰϺȥϿ˵ˣҲ游š
￡СƵĵͷʡģүҪġ
ҶԴôĺںӦҪѧġûѺȥʶ֣󳤴ҲǸ
ʰЩϴҶҶЪͿʼʰҶһԱֵģһɫЩԾˡҲлҪҶθɶһˮ߾ƼˣƻҪŲ˵
ôˣҶæ첽ߵǰȥﲻ
õĶر󣬴ʱƼ˶ľҶҲȰڲҪ̫࣬Ըһű͵ԶӾԽԽ
Ҷ̧ҶЦЦſ˵˾䣺û¡Ǳͽ
죡ҴŹһͷоģĸӡһҶģҪˣϲ˲͸Ͻˣȥˮȥ̴Ҫˣ
仰һƵҶͷƵģͷŶ˲һͬΪŮԵͬģҶζԸĽ·𵢸һ
ղŻö˶˸ɻ߶ûգ⺢ôôҪˣõĶӵ·ôû˸£ѵ˵µľ˫̥
һţҶæ¶ܡ
һ嵽ֵҽݣżæŵذ˵˾ϡһ︾ӶţҶͷһµ⡣ϴҽ˲࣬ʰҩҶιȥˡ
ϴָ·ȥܼңҶλȥšǰڵʱѾѰţҶȥһ˽˾Сϵȥܼҵ·ҶԴţܼȥ
żæŵģҶǰⱲӳ̵ľˡ
;ײϴͷ衡һˮ̳ƵǱģΪʲô¡æ˽С׷ҶΡ
ô£衲˿˶٣ʣ𣿡
ˡҶһѱˮʪͷӦûô죬ǵļ˴áһ漲һ߸˵ؿ˫̥˫̥ҲѡŮӾǴŹأÿҪ
Ϊ˸һҲΪʻҶĵĵǡ
û˵ͷһҶεЬӶܻһֻЬӵЬﻵˣͷӶ©ŴҲû˵ʲôĿҶ׵ϸߵĽ׳ƳһۣԵضҶεǰ档
ҶνŲһ٣衲֪ʲô
ײôûʱûô׷ģôżʲô衱ǰ洫źЩᣬұܶԸܵÿ졣
ҶΣ
Ҫ¾˵ģǴһ
ҶҲûǸй飬ղܵüȷʵŤˡʱûע⣬˲ۡ΢ԥһ˲ܿѡƷ衵ıϡؿһĳ˵ļιǣµӾһɵرϵ÷·ûġ
˼סеɫ˾Ϳ첽Լߡ
˵ȷʵҶԼܻ졣
Ҷӵ鷢ЩġҶδ˵ĲԽüǺͲӺ󷽿úÿƸղմźˮζʮְ࣬ζšָɾϢ
ҶĿⲻԾ䵽ϣ˶٣ջ
濡ˡ
ҵʱϴŶءΪһӣýҶõݡ
СӲ֪ʲô£ãȻš
ʱ˻˾ͼæΧިغҶδ衵ĺչСԼһȳһյؽݡҶÿӻû˰ڴϡǵ亹һһͷʪ͸ϡһСɷס
ϸ˸ڴβվţϴԱں
Ÿһ仰һٵȵȡ
ȷʵ˫̥ӹûǿӶͦáϴҶθģȻǶҶ˵ģĸǿչʱչ˵úãҲûʲô¡
Ҷ˵ûʲô£ŵһˡ
˵ǵȵȣȵҶöûҪ˼ϴݶյ裬ﻹûжҶΪǲǽղȻõĲҽ
ǽĲңõϸƵʹֲҡ
ҶͷƤ飬ϱϿļ¼ƬƤȫըͷ˺ðҪȥ衸סˡմϴǶõ˵˵ҩ࣬˰˸ŪԼݡ˰ڴ£ץסҶεһȣŵԼϥϡ
ͷڣҲڿţ˴ͱȥˡ
һֻҶεĽףذ׵ָڵƹ··Ź⡣˹šƿǣָһҩĨҶεĽϡȻ࣬͸ôĵضȥҲﲻæƶ˸ԼŻˡ
ôСȻ£Ҳڿŵ
Ҷ۵ġ˶ѣһȱ߬˦Ҳʵ߳ܣһȱżϥϣһڴߣͲɱҪǰĳ˲衵ֳȣϥǶ춥ȸˡ
˵Ҷִ˹࣬Ҳȷʵ¡¹ӵĸֱŮеŤơһϥǹεĴȸ
ŤűŤţûһ˵๫Ҽǵá㲻нô
ŵһ̧ͣ
ҽͷһ죬һûϴŰҶ۵亹ðһЦ
衽ӲƬָֻ˳ֵֻ̬ˡ


51 
ε֮еļѡĶ̫ˣᣬӹǸûг졣֮ҽˮƽĹŴڲ
ʱѾҹҶҹﶼû˯ܹš
ϴҪߵģҶʵ³£˵˵ذ˸
ò˵ĺңǵûдڡҶǾͳˡϴڲѪˮһһˡҶѪζöͷƤ飬ϱſö࣬еֻõĿ־һӰ
Ҷվţϲȥ˵̫С̫༷¡
ŲŰأ΢ŷճŻǽȥһ۸ġ˸յűͱһֻ߬סˡһֻȵִסŵϢΧ衵̾ϢһĪˣҪµġȥ˯ɣҿűá
µڣʲ˿ܻӰ
Ҷ˵ûдⱲӶӣصġԾ˽ɣñ˱ԼҪӿԣ֮УҲΪ˭Э
ҶεĵߣҲһζѡ
űߣӰڻζӰӰ´µġϴӰõĴߣҲͷһʱϴʹֵҶãȷʵҪһԱ߰¡˼ȥҶջ̤żĽš
վ˶еŤ
˳۽΢΢ز˲ɧġ
ɫͥԺʵҹɫڵʲô衴ǰŮӡϱĳԹһļҳޣδȥԼ޽ġĴģҰޣϱӴδܹȢ޵ԲⱲӵܵһѪȷƽľ񷽲ŷԼңȻȢһλɳ顣
ǰŮѩ鶯ޣ񻣬˾ϲһһǣ
ǣ˵󣬽һȥ
ʵϣųûвǺε֪ʶȤ֮ˣԹɫԣһϸ֦ĩڶܱ˼롣һЩĺøУȴΪøвһСﲻǵӶŮ鳤Сãʵ塣뵽ܣĿǰҲȷʵòֵҶΪһĳ롣
һſεƭüƽضɫƣչĸֶŮ׬ǮǼ¡ǵôߣͼŮ߹мﻳϺǲŵǺ޳ܡ
衵ĸ߰Լ˱֮¡
Ҳ˵ʲôһĹͷԷɵĲ֪٣衴Ӳġ˵統µǰΪΪ߾͸ΪҷһϱҲˡТ޺Ϊ󡯶¹һǴеѭ浸֮ˣ䱾ԣصøˡʵϣء񷨡׳ΪֻԼΪȷ£Ӧ˵ֻԼڵ¡
ûôȻ֪衲һ࣬һܻصƿеġ
߰ɣȥ
ĿⲻԾҶεϣԼҲ֪ԼǻῴҶΡϳˮһ۾ͿԺһһˡǸ֪ȵĶӣһˣʲô
ƣˣҶθҪ˵ʲôϵͷŤͷҽСﲻʣôˣ𣿡
ûôסƳһںڰеĶӣҶεͷ̥Ǻġҵͷ̥Űʰֳ¡ӹ̫ϸ̫խ˫̥Ҫ˳£ضҲĪˣʰطɡﲻæⷴų·ˡ
Ҷ˼Ƭ̣˵ȥҲ˯ţȥˮˮôҪҾôȥͷˮɡ
ҲȷʵȱˮҶڲˮ¶ˡ룬ͷУȥˮ
ҶҲ飬תͷȥ
ƳһĿ׷Ҷε衣عͷ̲סһ䣺⿴ʲôãҲʹʹСĶˣ
衺ƢЦЦ˼ĸ޷⣬˵棺տá
õ˵ûذ˵꣬һ˦ֻز
ҶȥϺͷˮϺϻģ˰趹һײҶҪһæö˲ϱġҶαﱼۣͽ˯¡ܼҷô¶Ϻ˯ţС˯æ
һͷҲȥǱߴ֣ɴ͵ˮ̶Ҳۼصģ֪öࡣ
ܼҾһϺˮͲҶȥæںɴľ޴ǲιöŮӽӹǶ
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Ҷõָ㣬Ҳ֪ɱǻŵʱɱ˷ѪɵĺؽʰɾҶξȡ˸Ū˵轷ͷ
һͨæˡ
Ҷ콫ʱģһ˫̥ӤĹ̼Ϊգ̫̫СҪдԱߣҪһ̥ĸ˾ôڲͷ
ϳ˸ˮ̳һ㣬¶ʪˡӸһ󣬿΢ҶζҶ˴ǶһҶһۣûҪ۾ҶЦһ£ҶζҪΪڲˡ
ŪЩʳ۵òᣬС۾ﶼɫôãľˡЩÿ˻ȵӣǵٷЩΡ
ҶεͷȻûݼɩӡԵĶǺܵζ
պҹһʱʵòˡҶξǸҶһ棬ȶ˹ȥóԡͷһæһҹû˯ɴ˵档ʣµļˣһһһ뼦˿档񵢸ˣҲɡ
ҶýõӸʰְøʰһͨ˳Ա˯£˲ŴŹǷȥЪˡ
衰ﻹҪ緹ͻӪˡҶΰԺһ˨ܼȫȥ˯ˡ
ʱſڵģԺͷ˺öͷûӦܷǽܼԺǽô塣¼ǲȥжȣ͸ɴȥֵơҲŵģûڡ
˺üˣȻܼԺʱͷж
ŵϺһž͸˵ϲ
˰죬û⹧ϲĶȽԺӣҶθҶڸȾ졣ԹӾ͸˵һƵģʱѹ𣿣㣬ˣ
Ҷ˯һöˣЦеģԣϲ㰡һ˫̥
ͷ죬ķ糾Ϣ˳ؾҪԺߡϴסݳſھͰ˸סСʲôȥŪˮʰʰԸһݣѬô죿
ֺǺǵӦ˼ҲתȥһͰˮԸںԺӺͷˮϴһ顣һڴݣûһͷ˵Ц
Цҡҡͷ˵°ϵĻҳͻǰԺ
ĸˣ˵ɴѸɾѡؾ˴СĵرסҶãЦԵᡣͮͮĶӱһԣԼ
Ҷõ֣ʼᣬϤϤ
Ҷ˯㣬˯б˾۾һۿԼ๫Լ߿ޣһô˰𣿡
ûɤﺬűģмһҡ
ǹ¶߰ʱˡһ˴ĮԭӳһڼҴĺɽҴֻ˵иʦʱʱսʶ֣ô궼һ˻ŵġȢ⣬ռӣȢôܸɵϱ
Ҷ˹ǡʲôҲû˵§һ˯ˡ
Ӳܼ粻ۡҶξܼסţߡʮָмҶεİԼ˵֪࣬Ϻʹ˺ܴæ˯ѹҶθϵл
һˣõô
յһգջǵ׼ġʱҶθҶûæ±ͷ±ļ±ϴ󳦵Ļϴ
˸ʯḥ̂һĥ趹趹úܾˣ˲ŷ·ת
Щ˼ǿ˵ĻʵĺܣǵͶռ˽ıˡЩҶβ˵ǵȻ
㣬Ҷν㣬ǳĳģϵ¶Ѿ˵ˡվͳȥ
Ҷһ㶣û뵽ô졣
ʹϹ˲ôҲǵ˵黰ӡмķʽֱӣʵʵذ£վ͸Щ˵ˣǻڽҹӿڡԺϣ֮ǰ͵öժһ⳵ӣЩԼĪһվȥ̨
ǾϲҶξϲæеĴ󳦣۸ô˵Ǯôۣ
۸һᶢţЩȥмϿ϶ȥġһǵ֣˵Щ»ͷͷǵֻд˼̰ͼʣ۸Ҳ˵㡣ǮĻͰѺʦļ۸㡣ѺƤëҸһˣظ˫·ʳޡ㣬۸û취͵ģܵǿҪ·ϱȻøߵ
ҶȻʦǼ۸ô㣬Ҵʱ̫ÿѺڻܴСزٺö²ʦļ۸²ͣɣϺϡϣͷûеġ۸ҪߵӦÿóȥ
ⰢȻͲȴࣺܶģһ¶ס
ȻѾ˵ϵüҶ͸ϽȥչϡԺһĶֵأֺҲͶֶĵأҲһֶ㣬ʵϲࡣϺӣһʱ͸ժˡ
УȰѹݽǣ⳵ӹ
ȻźˣҶξͷˣģ¶㲻׸ɻȥϵļǮһļ۸͸ߡҲģǻտõġ
ҶųʱüЦġ˵ҪǮҶμ֣Ҳֻа¡
ˣȥɡһժ꣬Ժ۳žͿˡҶջ⣬ȥͼϴ󳦡мһ죬Ǽ˱ʾϲԡҲճžΡҶƾһţ±Կ
ӺԺҶѾͷ廨ý±ˡԱӣһըࡣʳ̯ӵҶȫȨͲٲģŹð̣ҶĥǲǸŪ
һƲá浽æʱ򣬺ö¶õȡҶźһȦ־һƲ̫ʵȻռ䲻Сһ̴̨̨ѵλҲñ䡣Ҫӣý̨ݣ֡
ҪѶٹ򣿡϶ЩǺܶҲȷʵоá÷ֹһرռʱҲϲ񣬡ǲҪ̫ã۾
һվͳɡҶξÿУȻôһһţȷʵ̫ϲ𣬡ݡ
˵Żɫͽˡ趹ûôĥʯĥĥաӵþƣȻһͳȥ¸¾ûˡ
ôţʰʰһˡ
ٵһ˴Ӷ߶⳵ųɳӣܼҵԺӾͣԺͷһĻٴѪͳˡԺӣһһӶŮӣҳöʮҲ̴棬һ˫˫۾Ͷеܲס
һƳҶμ۾ͱһŻȥܼǰһģ泯ЩʱҶβžԡ
ɨȥƬϹƵģɰѺü˶ʵˡ
װЩߡ˵ҲӲģҹ̣Ϲˡžζۿۣɣ
ѵҶξͲˣĿǰѼĹװߡ˼䣺·עⰲȫ
ͷȥԺҶúͺ˵˼仰ϵôˡ
Ǹߣ衲ŴӪһҹû˯Ӫһ졣ʱɫÿ۵׶ɫӪֳʲô£г˼ãȥȡ˱īֽд˼ͳȥڵʱЯһ¶ˮϢ
ʱҶڵƻˡ̧ͷƳһۡ
ֻһƳҶβע⵽ˡѴϸƲҶһע⵽첲ĶǺǮһ٣Ҷüͷ첲ôˣ
û뵽Ҷ۾ôһС
¡ѵϵıףߵҶεĶƵĵƻˣ衵Ŀ䵽ҶεϡģǳˣԽ޶ˡЦЦɫףһҹû˯Ȧرԡ
ǲ󣬾ɫ飬Եüʣ¹ѻ𡣡
¹ѻ𣿡Ҷüͷµפسٵˣ
š
æʱδϵĲ˸豭һȥ
촽ɫ죬˵ǳ٣׳էΪõͷȻҪһצ
Ҷο첲ŤǮһԶװǮӣվ
ߵ衵ߣץסֻ֡
۽΢΢£˻һץҶ˳С΢˻һ
Ҷ򴽣վȥǱ߿
ŤͷҶΣӲչŨܵ۽סеĹ⡣
ʮվҶ
ַرխߣȥҶüͷãҪĶ͵ѡ͵ԶﰵĿ塣Ҷνȵȣȥ߰͵Ƹŵͷ۾䵽϶ջȥԼѻ
ϵֳĶǽһɾ䡣Ҷβſڽѣͳݣһͷ̳Ƶġ
ҶΣ
סԼҷɵ۾ְµһֻӸ
Ƥϲ˱ϵĺۼûһƤˡҶһ͵һ˳Ҳÿ˳סô£ôôˣ
ʮᵽ¶ΪƵģ첲ǵһ£ġ
Ϊʲô㷸˺δҪʮҶεʱ
衿̲סЦüģʲô£ǰ˶پˡҽʱûùʣµĳʳұ
ڶûԣ
衺ƢЦЦڼùûԡ
ҶΣ
Ҷ˵˶ٴȴʱûԹ֪أһɬʹĵӿҲ֪פͷ˵塣ͷҪ㣬ҵڸʹһЩͼŵλְˣǹӪڡһҶﻹġ
Ȼ¾ϷĲꡣΪȵˣϷˡ
һɬʻȥҶû˵ʲôοĻתȥ
ȥĶ衺ס
Եġ
Ҷ˵ŻѾݣ衵Ŀ׷Ӱ뿪΢ǳǳЦûôϲ϶Ķġ
װȻӢ󣬵ףҲ⡣


52 
ȷʵʣ˵㷹Ҷθ˸衾ãʲôʲôѳԺóԵĺܸɾҶһԿ˹سһ跹׻ȥȡҩͳŵͷû˵ˡ
衷¿Ӳ˲죬̧ҶξЦ
Ҷ۽Ƴϵˣ˸֪ƵĽжһã̾Ϣ˿ЦЦЦ֪ЦԱ𣿡
š
ԼѹʰɾҶְǮó衶濪ʼһһˣ۳ɱ󣬡ϴɾٹҸһ¡
һذóȥϴˡһһ룬ˮϴɾ˵ˮںϴɾЯһˮŻݡ
ʱҶλˣܿġ
ʱգʵʵ˲Ǯ׬ĴͷһǧһʳͳʳǮͳһǧһʮǮʮǮһҪͳȥǼϰºҪյĻԼܴ浽һǧİҡ
Ǯ⳵ˣҪҲǿԵġҶĥżһ⳵ⰢεĻȵǿԸǩһں顣
ϲ˱Ͼ󲿷˻֪Ϊ
ĥ¶̧ͷڷˮһ跹˵Ѫɫ۽޵ʹ۽·ȾڵӰӣԼǰҶգգ۾ǮַŻصݶĸϡһ߷ǮһŤͷȥߵ˺Ծ۷綼Ƴġ
Ҷδӵſ̫ˣſҺŪЩ
Ҳܣɵȥ¡ʹҶγ¸۽΢΢еҸб˵ϷҷҶγ˳ǰŹֵĸо˦ȥ˵ҩϴȣͿʼࡣ
ֲһӾ͸ϸ΢һ
ҶΣһ¶а
衵ʵǺءʮˣʩ˽ʶɾ֮Ի㴥ĿģϵƤ̫ˡǲأԸҲƣ㣬еۡ
ԭ۵ĳˡ
ҶĬĬСһһһ滹۲ۡ
衺Ӧɤʮֶ䡣һ󱳵ˣǽҶθӲá
ҩͲҲôѣǰҲ̫ۡҶܿƲס޳Ͱƽֱճ֫ϸûͻ󣬶ʮ껹ûǽڳ˺֮־޳ÿҪ
³һҶθԼǧܳ嶯ʧڡ̰ɫҪ۵ģҴ۷ǳĳءĿǰûоĳеΣһҪסˡ
˯𣿶ôˡ۽עҶı仯Ƶ̬̹ȻЩ֪ܡ̵شӹóԼ̸ڵϣŤͷҶΡ
Ҷ۾۾Ưļιһɨ˯ˡ
컹δԺѾ˶ûпţ˵ЩȡϺѾ±õʳ̧ϳҶûŪʳ̯ӵʳġƼҶγҶЩ켦ҪҪһҶ£ðʶһ¡߶Ӻͺ켦
ҶҪľ󼦵ҶóڶҶεäĿξȥˡô켦ûҶҪʲôΪЩǵڶġ
Ҷ죬ûͺ켦ϰ׸˵ڡȻ͵¶ڶ
˫̥Ǽϲ¶ôҲһҶɿתһȦۼҲûʲôöصģЩҲմմϲ
ҶһҶЩ켦ǸҶصġ
죬˵ӲɱɱôҶô˵ҲäĿˡе͵˵ͷǽ㣬ЩǸ˭ɢӸڵô
õȥ۵Ŀɢ
ҶζԿ˴¶Ѿ֪ˡǰС̯ʱ;Ūһ趫Ա˵ǸԳԡˣλεذƷƷ͡ͻͺ켦Ҷú϶û֡Ҷϱ´û޵ķʸģô϶ĵ
Ҷðһĺ켦װţôȥ
˵ǰʹ󳦵Ϊȷʵһ׮¶һ磬ǵĵŲŴ򿪣·Ŀ˿̧Ŷȥͷ͹˾䣺Ʒ
Ϻһܵ廨ͷϹҹһ̧̨ͷҶþͷѳʳ̯Ӱںãϣʳ;ˡ
˵ףζúãܹлͷ͡ʳӲ࣬ζһ޶ľʩ̯һҡնǽŪýĸáҶֽһŪһߴظ˴
ϺЩ˴·ҪҶá
ΪҶһʳĺñ¡Ǯ˵һǸּҵĺ֡˳ֿлӣ˵פľ١õ˭жӵܲ࿴ۣܸףܷһ˳Կ಻Я
̴þģʩ̯߻졣ûʲôǮҲʳһԻŸҶôشҶõļ
Ҷôʱ˵һǾǾ«죬ʲ
Ҷλ֪ҶñҶҪǿĶҲࡣ˵ҲˣʵڲûصĻЦһȥģǽ˸߿һۡ塣
һģʳ̯̯תͷصѾвʳڵǰƲϴ󳦵ģʽûƷ
˵ʵڵģǶڵµ˿ίʵ˵棬ԶԭʩֱӵƷҪ϶ûġҪǮ͸ǳŲ˷ѵԭ϶ԡһԣⶫ⻹㣬нǳԵͷЩ͵ģڵ㡣
óԵĶ㣬ζãҵĿζ»ؾлͷ͡
У˲١Ҷ׼±ĶЩռõ˫ӣ˺Щ켦Ķͣһմմϲ
Ҷôһ˵ͷȵĿȻڵĽкá
ϲϰˣǴϲ£ϲϲʩӵĵǵ󷽣һͷʳڶͼļⶼûôɵģɾΪ㣬ʳͲԸչʩӵ⡣
͵ǸãϰЩʳ
ҶȻڵĴӦ
һģô𣬿һͬʳۺû߶ϰͷվţʩͶûסһڣͶ͵Ҳ°͵ˣҵ뿴͵գ
ҿõաۺĲֹһңôȥǽһźƤ
ľûйʩӵʢ˵򷱻࣬ҲӶӯšҶε͵УҶοʳҲС
СطҲаģҲֵΪ·ϡ
Ҷæúܣפߵֳ¶ԽǸݽɫλһԲУξƤӵ۶ӡĵһվһɱӺ˵ֶβǺܸ߳ȴǽòᡣӪԣפսš
ԽǸͻѪͳĻѪΪڹ˹Ѫͳ⣬ʹսպȴʼȥ೯͢ѪͳѹŲ󶼶Ҳϲ飬Ű˵פߡ
ڹ˹һ͸򺣶ˣ򺣰Ｅ֡źţʵϲͷʲôǸУҪôΥ֮ûʵµʱ
ն˿಻ԡڹ˹ץǰϵҥԣ˹һ¡ҧ˾ţȺһΪţȺѾնסܶණ޶֤˫ôţǱż
񶼿ʼͶҽǴǰҥŪţȺлѡ˼ãȻָʹȥҥڹ˹ͻʡ
Ҳ˵衽ӵʱжѿ俴һûסֻڹ˹㿪ľٶ򺣴ɡΪ޶ڹ˹ǼᶨƵվһָʹ¡
˵ͷٻ裬þСȷʵǸð취
㣬һɨؿڵҵĸ֣һáȻˣ¾ͽȥˡ
䣺˰衣


53 
ɴܣСꡣŶ˵ˣӵɣ䷽ŲЦ䣬Ļ֮⡣衴ӳé®ͽһ衵ĸ֡衳˺׵塣Ҳýִ磬ʲô
ϲ򺣵Ķô衲˵ֵס
סΣڹ˹Ǹʲôǻûէ͸򺣶ϣԺáְȨ˭Ϸ˭֤ڹ˹һˡ´ֱˣ´ֱϲʵˡ˭֪Ū򺣣Ҫʲôħ֣
衳Ƭ̣ѱ׼ؼҡ
ȥĶ¶ôˣ˦ңһҪߣϽǰס
Ӫɫͮȼ˰죬·Ƶġɨһۣɴ಻ȦӡЦһ򺣾ܽѹס谲װɵҲװˣװ͹˷ݡСӦˣؽˡ
䣺
ıͷҲи衵ıࡣٺ֡䶼û˺֣ͻȻô˺һ£Īǳ֮ͬ
¾ͽ㴦ͷҲأպҪ
˵꣬ͷҲص뿪
䴦׮µķΪ򵥴ֱѭȥ£ֻ򺣵ȥɢҥʱۼƽСָܱץѱⲻҥԻûȥڹ˹ʹֱӶµ򺣸ۡĴſڡһ̨Ǳ߹ѪֳĴֺŵ˹Ǻ
ڹ˹һŵģڹ˹һѪͳǺܴѪⲻܣڴֱӡųƫսѡȻͷֱˣĶõŴ򷢵ԶԶģ
ұһȺںƦҵ߰㣬ĴһأԼҲڹ˹ԴһͷϰŸڵӪˡ
ܿûˣΪɽǱߵڹ˹ˡ
ﻹ˵衣¾ʹһȥסڹ˹
븺翹ıһСδӵı֤ôСΪľǰڹ˹򣬸ϻ̨ҴŵĶ¶Ӷˡ
ڹ˹˵ǸçֲʶԽλãѳ˵ļʶеġ¶Ҳ֪кãϵһϵеľٶΪΪ˶󡣲ʲôģ϶һϿ
öǾӦҪ֡ڹ˹뷨Ƚֱӣǿʲפĳ١﷢ֵĶӦС˵ǰڹ˹һ˿أǺ޲ý
Ǯġ
ӹһ٣פصƾ͸ˡ°˼ãӸӡ
Ǻʱִ˵زģ䵱Ȼ֪ʲôྩҹӡ˵羰н󣬵Ĵ֮һʫ鴫ң壬ʵ̵ҹ塣
ྩϲʳʯɢϰ£û˱Ǹжа˸ʳʯɢʮʱҲմȾⶫྩĹۣҲʮ
Ӫʮպ󡣡Ϊ·ͻȻ򺣴ߵױ²ȻӪءֳгɷ˽˵Ż㣬ȴһ֪
䣺ȷʵפر衶꣬ȷʵһ֪
˵֮ǰԼͦ˽ҶѵġɱôһУ·˶ϹĻӡΪ躹ޣԣµͷʲô֪
˸߲ţָʹЩʲô衲µô簲˺СԭΪԼˣ֤ʱЩ²̨еøСƵġ
龡ľһѵЦ
Ƴһۣ侮ʯĻҲ˵̫аǻ£Ͳһ׮ˣⲻǵۿʵôˣ졣
첻˵ˡ仰·һΪǵϡ
ûнסڹ˹ɽǱߵڹ˹˷ˡǱߵ˱ڹ˹ȫɽڹ˹˸򺣵Ϣ±˷֣ڹ˹͹ĶࡣǿʲĹ٣ѹ򺣵ͷϡ
򺣵ҵפصıڹ˹а취ֹڹ˹ռ򺣸Υԣ̸ͲСЩڵص򺣱ֿ̰פعʹ޼һ򲻶ԣ͵ڹ˹򺣷ˣѱϵˣɴЩ그¸ͱ
¶һжһͷ˸
ʮ̰꣬ī˶֬ࡣֶǿغ˼ҹΪ檣˲˶̶ӽӣϮׯҲֱʡ׮׮ȫҳ׷졣
νǽƣжж˱
ڹ˹ǰһֱҥһ£õ֤֤ʵֻ򺣸ʹĴۣҪ뽫򺣶ʵ֤ûн˲ȥϷ岩ĵЩ¶ͷβ⣬ֵöһһ֪ڹ˹򺣵Ĺ֤ʱȥѵӪСȥϴɾһؼ÷
˵ſʱײϰͷԶԶʾ⣬һǰһؽԺӡ
ת۾ǰ¹ȥʮ³һҶݻģˡ
ǻʱҶԺĥ趹ۡʮµͳȥ֬׷˻ԭ˵õһʮ飬ٿ顣ͣÿһٿ顣۸϶ļۣʮ滨ǱҪ˶ʮ飬ۼ۸ģҲİٶͳ˿˰ԭȵһǧһٶҶͷһǧŰӡ
ôǮҶλص͸ҶúϺ˹ǮĥӵСҲ˹ǮĲ࣬ȨǸǳԵ㻨ǮҶλ˺ЩʳʳԤҪһ١
˻ĸոպãøϼóԵġ
߹ȥӹҶ裬ͶȥϴˡŴ̨һ·۳ͶЩʲôҶοҪ˵ͨϣʰʰȥԺúͺӡʰˣٹ˵
ͷлҶεĺģ̇ھһͰˮȥ˺Ժ
ǵǰϸ˵Ļͷһ۱ȥѬﺢӡҲˮžˮݺͷϴϴ˲Žȥϱ
Ҷûӣ˵в߶չϽɿɿҶСûϴˣζأ
üЦһڣƤϱأ˭˵ϱζ
Ҷñ׵ͨ졣̧˼Ƴſڣ˩ˡСڴߵҡͷҡǵިģϿûҡͰóáӶСһҡͷҲǰδСûôˡ
ҶϲԸ֣Ҷñ׵Ҫ岻ʣѶܽɾ֣ģĪҪң
ڱ㽫ȥºĴҶϸϸ˵ˡҶǸ˳ӣ갲صͷʵҲû̫⣬ֻǼᶨ๫ʲô֧־ˣҪúøŽƢãȴǺõġԼ˳Կġ
ͷЦЦҲû˵ʲôɵ˴ȥҡ϶
Сúܡʱչ˵ĺã˱ȲųࡣҪһӤСſſһ𣬸ֻСèƵġ
˵˫̥ʵòһһ˸ףͷЩһĸףںڵͷֱƫ㡣һָֻ˴ӵ⣬Ҷһڣȥǰͷ˵¶Ъš
ҶõͷĿӡ
ǰԺߣѾϴкáҶѾںæ׬ȷʵǶ࣬ҶξȥţСţ⻨һӡŪ˺ö棬Ԥһڵţ⡣æţͷһۡ
Ҷ۾⣬һۿһӾлҪ˵ţѾˡҶǱҶÿŹԼ˲־߳ȥ˵
Ƴһ۸Ҷ衣ͷһȥݡ
ҶΰҲϴިȥͷ΢˼Ƭ̾ͳ¡
ȥ̨Ĵܼ˵һ£ȷʵ̨ʶ˲١һЩĸۡ˵ЩǹϣҪ˲١
۸ҲߣȽżҸļ۸ѡȫȥ˴󶼻ô϶ûƣ󶼸ĹֱܼӸһӣֱԴ󶼻еĹ϶ˡ
ӰûҴƱ
ʱһƤӵֱӽǵƱóׯƱׯǴϱݶϵĴǮׯƱκһһׯܶҵĳĹϻ֮֮⡣
㣬󶼻ĹֱܼӸƱׯƱȥĶܶҡѻׯҶν£Ҷβûׯ˵ĺϸ
ҶˣƱȻ֪ģ˵ҪĳɲġµˣȥͻжˣҵͰǮҲʡôһȡ
ǷǮǲǷģҶ֪ؽǮ»غ˰¡
Ҳû˵øǰڻس̵·ĥһ¡ԼԭǱƤëģҲȻ̶ӻʦǰ棬ɵһġĥҶˣǲҲҪԭǱ˻Ҫȥԭɹ㣬ܽⲿֵĻ
¶ҲҶͷС
ҶǸͻ˹ǮֳһֵˣøǮҶβ̰
϶Դ˵ȻûⶼæȻ
ǮȻҶξ͸˵˸ںȥԭĴ㣺е趹ǹģԼĪܳϰҡ󲻹˻ǵ򣬽ʱ򣬵ȥԭǵҪµ£ҲͷҶජŵ㡣ĥţҪϾ¶ǮҲٸģ˸ǰ
ŵùңȻԸġҶβſڣ߾ˬӦ
Ҷ߲һԣŰĿЩҶʶˡǰⱲߵ̵·Ϊܡ
ż⻹иϸ³̡Ҷ񲻹Ǹ˵һҪôÿ˿¡
ͷҲġô׵ģҲҪصġǴҶóĹǮ˵Ҫȥһˡ˵ҪЩǮЩ͹ȥ
ȥءҶβ£ٿ
һЦؾˡ
ĿıӰʧſڣ޳ָá۽޵ʹţ֪ЩʲôҶԭҪģŤͷЩֵֹġ˶٣˳Ŀ⿴ȥ˼ѵʲôݲɣ
ǲݡϿֽ۾Цöгһ졣û뵽ﵱһӣȥ׬ǮҲյô롣
๫յ˿ȥһаɡ
Ҫ⳵²ܵȣҪõĵطţҲЩһȥӡۼҹһţ϶ǲõģæ̫ʱ
Ȼܾӱţߵÿ죺ʱȥ
פص¶æҡҶĥ˻öһ˻ĳĳܶһȵҪõʱϾá
ⶫͷǮҶλҲе
ϴͷβû˵ŶӶϱ˵һһͷˡʰ⺢ӸֳͬСͲͬѰܾϻ̫δ顣ǵԹҲ赭׽㣬ţ̬ȵԵˡ
һˣʱСֵߵߵվЩö֣ڼæҪôҶҪô߻
ǰЩʱƳҶγЩȥׯ˲ѡʱȥһȹӳ
еԽԽãűȥģѾˡʱǺ˵㵱ʱӡ˶ű߶Ҷ֣Կ·ѡǰЩѶСˣؿڽͰ͵ĴŲ档
ỹãһᣬＸ˵۾ؿƳȥ
ǣϸҶκȣȵͷһ㣬ؿڵάӲһȦԭȵѱС˵㡣ʵҲǴ£ǴŽ̫ں϶ܴϽֵģ˱صĹŴԵеׯˡ
衿һƫȥ
Ҷҭؿ糺죬ľһȥϵ
ϵĺãѡĲرĳҶΡܽҶεݸеøҶİ´ѣȹ汻òС
ȹྩȣԭͦʱˡϻ˵߹˸Ҿ֪㴩ŶȻÿٸŪһͷһ˫ЬһȻ
ҶΣͦͦãлл
һߣһصͷٸӣӸۡ
￴ŪŪʲôÿ
ÿ˭ϲҶҲϲֻǴûȽ٣΢ЩźҲźϧ˼ôõݣǼһһ˶ˣǸõô
Ҷˣʲôӣ
ǰҽõǸӣ滨ࡣƳպ֣ΪˮɻƲ࣬ǵö͵
һҶεǰϸƿ滨ʵõĺ١ÿһ۾Ҫæֻɡ󲿷ʱϴѾ˯һն˯ˡƿ滨໹ʣƿ룬˵ƿֻһС룬ʱӦˣãá
һģ֪ѾͷûáƳˮžŵĹ˼ҹûסָͷ˵ҶεĶͷҲûȻһϾͳˡܰڲԸҲѧ⻤ǡ˵ؽ˳ƶǺ¶Ҳԡ˵õʱ򣬳ɻΪԼøŴòŮӵöð
Ҷβ֪Ϊһɺɸֵζ򴽣Щȥ
ҹϴ꣬ҶξڴϸϸϸĨӡҲʲôòŮ۵㣬ϵǾ仰ȷʵ˳úã¶ࡣ
Ҷԡ꣬ͷڴŪ
ںϴһžͿɫĳûһҭԼٵĿӽﴫѵһϡ
Ҷһѳ˱ӸϣŤͷ衱վڽ䡣
˱ͦóӲͷڼϣˮ˳ʪķʪĺ󱳡ֿƯļڷ֮УһԶߺ졣Ҷεǣ䵽ǽϵӰزס°¡һӰӡ
ҶƳӰӲûİ͵ҧͷץһͷҵĺϣʰʲôأ
ֺЦ겻ûǻû˵ǸͷԼ䵽ϡöƳǽر۵ĹӰĵ³һֲҪ˵߸±ˡͣѪհ
ҶΣ


54 
衵ͷ˿Լ̫°Цǡ˵ľһ£ϱӶپɫ˳˽жңֻ࿴һ۶Ҫѹס
ϤϤĶãſһ䣺ˣ
Ҷšһīвزס͸ĶͲӡʵҲôصˣֻǰܽһĪɬķΧ֮СŤŤʶķӦŻôңʵղ衽ôһӦûʲôǡ
ĬĬοԼҶ´ЬȥԱߣ滨ƿŽȥϺ϶Ĩһӣ߶ķмһɵ滨㡣
ûʲô᣿Ȼ
¹£۽ɵĺ£ĬĬžһƳѩһƬ÷ľѹԺȥһ״ת̧ҶΣعǡϻǸ嵭飬ϸ֮һ˫۾ǾУ·ܰ̽ȥ븹
Ҷθ첲һ㼦Ƥ񣬼κɵؿĬĬ̴ˡܾôϲΣյϢ
ճȴӲĪ͸һɱҶǿԼջûҪΪһС¹ڻǱ۾ȥתע
ʵ⿴ƲȶʵֻǿʼһҳʳӲյ㣬кܶҪȥһ⣬ʲôʲôᱻԺûãҶξе˯ڵϵĿתؿŴϺƽȵŮĵ̾
žֻذɣϱ֮ĵⱲȴԲֱҶεĺƽ˯衲ȥ
ҹʱ֣ϡ衴һξ֮Ȼ۾
ͷ˱
ϵ˯˲棬һϸȼܵϣӱ򷭹һֻĽŴڴرϡӸǻȥȥɾĿŵسӡ˳ִӾһͰˮȥһӿƵĺ
ЯһˮѾ졣ϳé޵İҹԺƳһŵʪ͸Ŀӣһüͷʱû˯أ
ɫڼֽӲӣš
عǣЩЦһӣûе衡ͷָָϽǵéޣȥޣ⡣
衣
һ棬ݵĻݣˮķˮ
Ȱˮȥϴ§סԼϱûסѸղײ衵¶˵ˡҶ˯ɵģҲûʲô˼ͺӦšѪյģҹﱧŽϱֲٻе˯š
˵ǲǷ²˵Ҷε飬֪λ̽ڳ֮ǰõġΪ˸СӴҽҩѲżܼңһȥϴӡ
Ҷһ¶ʱͿһ¡Ȼ֪Ҷθ̼Сү¶׮¶ȥˣҲ͸ܼ˰ĹӣûҪᡣûúǺذ¸ȥŰͺݺݵһڣ˯ɣ
ҲֻǺѣϱᣬҲͲǸġ
Ҳ˵ҶСֹ衻˯¡һ۾ǴգﶼûˡҶθҶϺȻҪȥ⣬ϴżԺĥ趹̧۴ʰʰԼ˯ı죬ְҶ˯Ĵˡ
ð緹ȥפء
פ﷭죬Ϊһ£ڹ˹򺣼ĸһ˸Щڴ˵صΪ¾飬ԽԽĿġڹ˹ôһССУξǶĵӲŸҸɳô캦¡
ڹ˹ߵĶͣҲûзԾȡ
򺣸ţȺɲһţȺǲݸȥûмһ͵ȴǳԭݵҡྩĳ͢Ϊ٣ƷԱǲܾôһѪԽŪ뷽跨籾ˡ
һפؾͱסˡ˱ܿһѲӪıȥһ˵ɫڳ˼࣬衵̬Ҳࡣ
ûˣѹɤڣ̨Ǳˡ
˭֮е£ɫݶ̹Ȼˣ
ǵģǱ߸ڹ˹ءƳһ·һ׳ĺӣĿж˼ִ֮ɫ㲻ˣҲеϵ
衵ͷ·ĺ׳Ӷһۣ·ʶ㻥ƿߡ
Ŀһ䵽衵Ͼͱ˱䣬Ȼ۾ղ·Ǹ׳ڹ˹ˣ˵ܵڹ˹صһ¡ո߳սΪײС˵Ǹһаٵսֽͼʱġ
ôȤü۲躹ˣ
䱻Ҳס˶٣һװȥҪ˵ɵӿˡ
ЦһʲôҲû˵̧ʵλáһĹٴ߳佫ڵˡһӪʹڹ˹ٻĸѪͳĽʿҴԽ˽Ӫʣ衵˵䣬תУȥ
ĿӰԶȥתͷҲӪʵλá˫ֱ۵ڸ첲˵㣬תҲȥУ
ͬʱҶߵ̿ţһֳ
ʱղ̣Ѿȡ˾²˼ʩ̯ơҶÿտ￴ֻһͰ̯ӻҶѾ׽ʳ̯ӵ⽻ҶõϣԼҲʱͿʼͰϷʳ
һģԷʳ˲ࡣҲ·һȥԵġɢɢҲȥ١ʳҲ˽ˣÿʳ˱˻ࡣ
ճʳ̯Ӳ̯ҶøϺ̧Ժȥ
ûˣҶڰ̨Աţžش̡ʱһһͦϲ긾һǰһؽ˵̡˻û˵ſھЦ洺ӵǰҶθһ¡æ˱վժĨ˲֣λҪЩʲô
˱ҶһʸʵЦһ
˶٣Ƕ߱һ긾ֵøЩſھ͸ҶεϲƹϲҵС׵ģ
ףҶ汻һ£ûӦ˭ף
ȻǸӡýΪҶûɤŰεָּظ˵ÿǰͷ̯ŪʳǸӡҵСãⲻҹ˵˵
˵æʼҵСӣʲôΪҺʵٶǸϱĺСӣȻôԣǸĸǸӵˡô꣬ٳżĸӶɼҵһ˶ɩ沶ǺԶˣӼ޹ȥ϶Կ
ӿǱߣӿڻиϸߵȥ֪ˡýſǽи컨׹ĨƵĿ䡣
Ҷ˺ðȷ˽ǸҶ׵ġ
ûԴϣӵý˿Ų̲ؿ˿ڣô˵ôãӼ޹ȥˣ
Ҳô˵Ҳ˼˵޺޺³Է
ýһҶô˵һת㬵촽Ƴŵ⣬ζ˱ǣŵ˿ˮֱðĥ׮Ҫ̸ˣŮôҲллͷ˵ÿûиӡӺãһӲίҵĶӶϱСǸӡûǸҲҵǰ˵ǣ
ý߸Ǹ죬Ҫ˵ҶʰùӳĿڼһתƣɵߵҶε
һýһþ΢˻һ
ΪģʩӵóÿǿĶûôĹҡһӣֿ
߹յҶõĸǰơƾóøˣֲСһ˵ʩӵϰӾǸĵСæҶʹʹɫ˼ǽҶΰ˴򷢳ȥ
ԹŮӻ¶Ǹĸ֮ý֮ԡʩ˵ûĸҶõĻȻǽδŮףüﳤ̸йһġ
۾ʹҶҲû˴򷢳ȥ˵潫˵Ҷ˵ˡ
н㣿ҶοҶòʮꡣżǡ㼰Ҳδ꣬ĸʮʲôףºҶþٵ궼ȵ𣬡ʲôֱ˵㶼㡣
Ҷһ˵ڣҶöסˡ¶ǳ˵㣬ﲻڣҲǽҶͬˣҲû취û뵽Ҷֱ˼ɲҶǵ˳ӣ¾ľſڣ㣬һСءûˡ
ҶҲתͷͶýŵԲסСû׵Ĵ㡣
ýͷһôµˡһһصĶԻŪ²̨
Ӳվ˺һðųЦʮҲСˣ£ʮһͽ׵Ҳе˼ҹ޵磬ʮ궼ǺˡСǳƸӣеǣ޼۱ѵɡǲżޣȰѻ¸ҲǳɵġȵٳޣⲻҲ¶
ҶλǸ˼ʮСӼʲôˣҶҲûаӣºͺ͵ؾܾﻹü꣬СӾƸ˰ɡ
ýŻȰҪҳŵлýǮ١ʵ᲻ãСĲûҵˡҲǸ˼ģ굽˻ǵüˡСõĶˣǶ˵Ϻ˼ҡ
⻰˵ľͲˡҶαͿģһϵЦݾ͵ˡ
˵ʵڵģֻϱࡣҶϱӾǸӣʮݼҵĹ̸ӣ˶ʿѧԺԺÿ궼Щ˸˵Щ·һӲҸзϵеĽͻˣǼȻô˵ҵҪʿмԺӣжٵضڣмӣжٴûӪ
⣬⡭⻰ɰýŸʵˣȻҿʩϰǸʣǿ׼ģǮȴûŻ
ӿôûýȨûˡ
һסһĺܣʲô¶ġеסͳˣҪôԺ˵껹Сһˣ
ǲɵġҶЦ˳˵ȴƵĿҼǶ˼ҡͯӴСʶ֣ϻܸɡԺӣһӣפصľ١ҷҸϵġֵ˼ҡԲסˡ
⻰һ˵꣬ýŵֱˡԱǸһֱûſڵĸǳɫ
ð죬ʵ²̨˺üſھһӳøƵŮӣ˶ûУʲôǸŪɧǮļ
Ҷβ˾Ǹҵĸף֮ǰгʩǮΣһŮˣǸˣԹŮӼ˭Ǽޣ޸ҶòҶ˵Ͳֱ˵仧
оĸٵһֵ˶֡
Ҷˡһ³
ͳһն˵ĸһסһͿʼáǲҪƤˣ˵ʲôҪҶŪɧӣŲ𽵹ƵطסҽҪƤһ湴һ滹Ǽ
ɤִ˵Ļֿ졣Ƶıˣÿֵָָ㡣
衸յſھͿ̣ƿȺ߽ȥ
ͷǸ˵ĸƵģҪҶۿҶÿոǣæøƵġΪ֪ܳȥ˼ҵСӡͳŻ˼ңûáֲȥˣϺϡϺһͷҪȥǸͺŪϺ
һҲŪô¡մȺ߳ȥҪҶߡԵֱӳ嵶ݵôһӣʱ;
˳ߵ룬ߵҶߡһɨڵϵĸˣɤߵԽӵ˶ô££
·ǹιǵɨ϶еġ
ýŸǸſַΪ׵ǸȻȻؽҶ£ҶεķİձĲʶʶפؾٵַ˴ַһģײĲһ
Ǹɫ˼䣬Ҳˡ
ҶƳһǸ˵ɣԼذ˵һ顣˵˴עģ๫㲻˶ҪΪۼûˡ
衲֪أܾý⡮๫ָָ̧˸Ҷε޽ǣȻؽ鷢𵽶ת嵶ͻ˸ǰߡһ˾͸ƨɺͷͻ׷ѾԶˡ
ôһڣȲ˵ҶõĻΡԱ߿ֵĿǲ֪ʩ˵ġʩϰ๫פصľ١
֮󣬲̬Ⱥ࣬ǰ꾫˶ûˡǺ󻰣˵ҶΰŪߺҶãĻ£Լңٸ˵
Ҷò֪أôҶεĸ첲۾㣬һӸɻ
ҶΣ
Ҳء
ǹҪҶȥӵġɢˣҶ衾ȥС


55 
һȥУҶֱڵĵض
ڵ̯ӡ¿ת˲һҲӽӿɲ͵¿ô̷ڶһ״˨ãź˲ϽЩԡҶδӵͷţʵֱĳЩڵĺû
衸Ҳڿ۾䵽Ͽú⡣
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ÿҪ֣һ˵¿ǿǸػǱܡʮң¿ܴﵽʮһꡣ̷Ƴ۴ַ衣ܵĺϸ
صĻһƥĶأ¿ԼĪֻĶء
Ҷü˼ã˾䣺۸ô˵
۸˵Ȼ¿Щ̷˵һͨͷ˵û٣ȴƫġ۸ߣȻϣҶ⡣
ʵܼûжٵҪ磬ҶӲΪ˻㡣Ҫ˵ĻʵȴǱ¿ʡü˼Ƭ̣Ҷδ¼۸һֻ¿ԼĪðһƷģҪʮҡ
ҶʵҲ̷˵Ʒãпָ衵ӡ
۽ǣָӵָҶΣҪѡĻȿӡеǶӰխܺܺõߣǿ󿴲ӣӵԼǿٿϸȻÿпã֫׳˶ǿٿݣѡһϿꡣ쿴һݣݽĲźá
ҶǶǶţһԵ̷ɫЩѿǰһƥʮָߴ⣬ԭ̤ӣֱ㬵ȥ
ƺû뵽طȻôЩС˼ջȥ
ҶһԼĪҵ⣬ƷȷʵǺãҶʹظʮӡ衿ϲ̵ӣûסҶεͷһ۲ջȥҪƣҪȥģ
Ƴ᲻ѣҸľҪĳ˵վõ
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衱˵̬ȸҭסˡ
˶٣ЩЦãУһЩҪͣȻȥ
˸׼ſڷֵҶײһקһͷߡЩصǵĶ졣ҶæԴƫһȥκһСץסĸ첲˵СҲǣԼĪʮһꡣ
ҶʵһۼֿһѿסǸ֣ɫ֣
С걻ƸһȻɿһ˲ͨһҶεĸǰǰͷץűƹͿŽĵĽȾҰɣǱյģҪǾңҼ֪һлģ
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ȴڿذǰͷ䳶һĴֵָıӾͺݺݻһӻƿĺѪʱҽУͷ˶ʱΧһָָĿ֡
Ҷξԣһ氤һᱨֱԣǻݶˣֽ⣡ǾȾңҸһؽлģ
һ仰ڣͽ˸оԡ˻˵ϸձƵġҶ˵еúģûӡ˵һյ˲ܹúܺáֻվ͸֪նˣ˵ľľҲСġôϲ˵ģ
Ҳ˵жԶʱûиɻٵĸ¡ʱգ굱ǻݰ츮ģôþԲôͷԵġ
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ҶοƤһ˵ﲻĻʵںܲҲȷʵ˶֮ġҶסӵʩס֣öǮ
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ں͵ӣӴ˴֣̫̫ҪٵٳԸķǸ׳ʲôܸɡ۸Ȼˡ
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ԥһ˲Ǿͱ˸Χм䡣
һȺ˿صģ˵ʲô׵ĻС˸ǰҶα·ҶβǮǶǶԲĳνҶλû˵Ҫ򣬽˰Ƕµ߲һ֣ҶΡĬĬ嵶
һ캰ص˲侲
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ĵʲôŵ˾ȫѸ˺Ĳ˶ĵԼϡĿɨӣƳһ꣬ϵַǽ˿ˣȰǱԽؽǴֻԲ˶ߡ
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޵һѱһѵ껹ڵϣõѪɫĵٳȥҶεĸ첲еİ֮Ͳزס
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ʱҲû⶯ʲô˼ֻصýһϺȥľһˣʽȻԼӺСȻܼҡ
صܼңϸԺĥ趹ţһȿӡ˵ǰϿֵǧĺѪûô˹زûӸϲԭ¡ˣŶãһ겻ǼҴӳԲ𷹵ˣ
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˳ġҶȥﵹˮȣһˮȥŰ߳ģʲôʲôǵÿգ¡
СӣҶβôߵġ
ʵҲҶ˵Ѿſʡϻ²ҶҶҶɣܽˣܼҳû˱ᡣûһϾʳ֣ȷʵǻݰ츮ˣвǴ̵ġֻǸһٻ֮ҵׯͷ
ׯͷҶ֪ǹʱĹٻ֮һǴ̻ׯӵġԼ˲ȥŵùʹȥׯϹ¡һܵĴټׯͷĶӡ
ܵĴ٣ᵽûʲôӦ⣬ܴʷô
û뵽֪һ£Ϸˣܴʷ
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ȻЩȻܼ˵ɵ£ܸо̫̫̬Щų⡣Ȼ֪ΪΣʵزϵǰΡ¾ͳ£û¾Ͷﲻ˲̣Ϊ
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Լ͹ӣϾûȥķݶϺǱѾͷ廨ʳҲ˼Ͱô
Ǹ׼ӣſ˼͡һϺʼϹذ壬ʱͺźôô磿ͷ¶ˡͶˣ
ҶЦˣˣҪԹƵõա
û򵽷ǳɺϰ˼ҲôࡣնҪʱؽô֡Ŵϰ๫ˣǸפصľ١Щ˲֪ǰͽỹôģչ⡣һȥģǵ㶫Ͷˡ
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ľľҶθŪãľͷĥľ׮ԭ״ŪġŴֲڣʵеԭʼС
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תʮһر죬ѾǳӵĺʱڡҶνˣЩҪȾƣĥŲɴŪˡ
ҶͷŪҶӣһϴһ߻ÿŹ㣬פǲǳʲô¶
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Ҷգգ۾ƳȥһۡȻɫÿŲʲô衶Ӧɣðºʢһû˵ҶԥƬֿڵ㣬˵û˵ֶ˶˵Ⱥˡ
嶪ˣҶʱæŸ̼ҴϹϵĴ̼ˣûע⵽Ĵԣʱ¶
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Ҷ˵˵ŵһ䣺ǵø˵һި
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ˡҶε˵ͷҶ͹ȥ
һԵֳȥˡ
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żӻû͸ҶҪһӵ˸ɻ˵СҪչˡӣҾûô๤ٸʳԼŪСʲôô󣬰ϴ򲼶ʱҲżҸɻˡ
ҶñҶôһ˵ˡ
ˣ㰲ЪŰɡ¶аæҶСӵգţһùá˵תȥˡ
ԺֶصҶȫժɹɵɹɣûɹɵŪ֮ɫԷ׼˵㡣ʱȡҲܷ㣬۸Ȼ֥ȳ˸պϡûţͣҶõͣڳס
ʱҶθںһæвƬ⣬һڳסõǼҶóһʣࡣá
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ҶθŪǰϸ衼ҩС¯ӡŪ̿˵ˣӰ롣˾ôһԵļϡ
һƶЩ¡ǳԹʳʳ˶Ļͷһء
ζ紵ִ̼˳Ź̵ĹðüüͷչҶǲԣùŪ˼ƬȥԼĪʮ¾͸ֱӷŵǰպ๫ȳԳԿ
衵ĿⲻȻļϣĬĬƿſӱһ˹ؽ£üĿչ
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˶ʾ֪ˣҶβŻ³ԡ
һγԶʣϳ̫ҶķѾһСʳ;úõġһھ;úáʱռܻŪˣ񶼳Թζϳ˼ʵϲ̲ס̾ϢˣǲҲܽ
ȻûܾԵˡؽİӹÿ࣬öԵ̫ˣҪԭ߲С
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ͷҿɵúúûţȡɹѸҲޡ


56 
ʮһ³Ȼͱˡ
ؽһʼ䣬ǾǱѩأ̹ǡ
ҶοģĹ˼ҪѩһĴӼͼæ˰аһȥһˡԼ˺üس̼ҵ˶ûɣȻ˵Ϣ˵ǱߴӦһ档
ҪţֻܽҶúϡϺüݳҶιȥһһؿǲɵģȶ߷ϣǵܡ
ɸɶˣƺ͹ϾˡϺţһѺ֣⳵ȷʵͷһء´϶Ҿ̲סӵĸ궼ǶԳĶ֡ӲģϺҲûס͵ӺüѣҿЩǾ
˳ͷš
ҶʹϺһڳϡҶα˵û£һǹŴصغáҲû˵Ϳųۼ¡
ӱţߵþͿˡţ߳һصĹ⳵ܳءе㲻ȵҶеƨɡÿγʣ³ʱҲûΡ
һ˵̼ǰŲʱͷ˳һ⳵ͣԺſھܳһСͯСͯʣ˵ҳ̼Ҷҵæ˭Ҷæ˳ӣԼ̼ҹԼ˼˵ˡ
СͯһҶͱ˱䡣ģϵҶΡϾҶθ̼Сүڳ̼ҿɲܡͥڵģҲ˵ͷ˵ȥһ
ҶҲżͷȥͷȱǡ
ӳų̼ǰǿɵҿáͷ˽ȥʻĹҶΣ㣬˵̼Ҳ𲽵ģ
ҶŸ壬ʱƳһ۳̼ҴţԣѺ𲽵ġ
˵ţм˼ӣһԭĥǵ¶˵뷨Ҳûп˼Ǹ˽̼ҵḶֵ̼ܸܴ́ս̼֮һǸӣύֵܴܡЩ˴һŪ˸ھѺڡ˺ڷܣѺ˼ڶͦãҲˡ
Ťͷ˶̼̽Ƴһһ
ҶпЦЦɲǣκⶼһһû˭һڳԳɸӣȴ򣬰ȥȻš
˵ŻСּͯæ嵽⳵Զվ˸ҶŹµ˵ǸԼѾڻˣǿɡ
Ҷ䲻˺ҶҲһ㶣Ÿ˵ķȴ˹Ҳһ˲ҶûϸСͯĳƺæӳŰһ˳̼ҡϺҲؽȥ˾濴⳵Сͯಽظˣ߱һֹŹֵ񿴰
˴ǰԺ쾮Ƶһţȵһ˵̼˵ؽ磬̨ͤȴʮ־óȷʵǸ󸻻
ŵĹŤһۿҶ̧˸ơ
̼кܶµģϾҴҵһҲܲе¡̼ҼСЩͷָεȥܡҶҪŹ¹ܵľȥ·лѺ͵ĴССĻﾭѡܲó̼̺ϿɣҲһ仰
̼̺Ѻͻȥ򣬷ַʽһϣжٻǲǾúʣֱӸȫϡ̼ȥǮļ۸񣬸̼޹ءһ־ǳɣ˵Ҳǳ̼ҰѺ˰ټ۸̼Լֻ˵õĳɡ
һŹ¾ֱӰѺ˻ջķʽ˵ˡѡÿ˫ѡ顣ǰǣŵ̻ṩĻãû˳̼̺ŵĺ
ȻҶ֪˶ɵû˭ɵñ仰ͺŪˡ̼ߵλȻҲǾˣҲ˼šŹ£ⶫ뻵Ҳ÷ֵΡ
õĶóߵļ۸ƽ۵ĶҲƽ·߲ǣ
Ҷ۵顣ȻڼĶõģӵ㹻ĵġڶ׬ôǮܸ̺֬滨ﱣֳõĺϵȻǺáܸԭ˼õĺöȣû
ӲǵԭĽƷ֣õƫ٣Ϊʵá
Ҷδ˵ӵƷֺãҴӶͳһСƷЩƷŹ¿ԡȥȳζնЧҪƽ۶·ӡ
ŹԭĴ̻õӣǵʮѬĺöһԭõǷŽӴĶĹˣЩִ٣ȻʮֽΡǽ̻ã̫Ķöȥˡѹͼ۸ģŪõͷѹһѹ۸ԵһЩλˣҲǸ·
̼̺ẓ́
Ҷ֪Щһڸض̺ź̵ģ̼ȥ߻ҲѾв̵ʱգ֪ӦеģܺҲʡùȥԭѺ
ŹܼҶΣȻ˽Щ¡
͵ӣԴǰ̼߾ע⵽ˡ
ֹҶߣʵ̨ǱҲһӵҲŵġóȥȷʵǺÿõõǱûվͱᱻعչ⡣̼ҲûЩûⶫǴֲֻԭ̻
ԭĺڵúܣĶͳȥ۶޿ֵġ
̼ҿڼˣֻ˵̶ѹ̧ۡЩ̵ģֻѪǮһŪø١̼ұýʵԭҲֻбǱߵͬѹơֱȻѰ·
̨ǱҲ̸ȥ̸˫ҲкֻһӱԭҪϲ٣̼ҵ̬ȾЩԥҶţ̼ҹ˼Ŵһ档
ӳϵĽͬʵЧһġҶο飬ĶҡŹ¿Ƥԣ㣬Ժ󡣲ܶȳ̱ǵĵζϴ
ŹҲ˶һ
㲻֪ʲô㣬ĺܣŹ˰ŵǹζɢã̧žζƺòȳֽŪһ費֪ʲôĺŻ治ɫذַŽȥҶδϴ֡
̧֮󣬷ŵȥŶûζûгζһ޵Ĺ㡣
ȷʵǹ㣬δǹζӡżгù㣬ȻҲǹζƷҶЦŵ˵ͷӻʵܹζʱ˿ƾϲѡ̻͡бƫãҲܸݿ˵ϲרŶ͡
ŹµԹ˼ƽϡҪҶκϻǱŲɫż˵٣ֻϺò衣
˵⻰ʱüĿչû˵ҪҶߺ̬׽ࡣ̧ͷʱҲŵʱŹǿչҶθ£˵Լиʮó⣬Ҷ³һӵա
ʱҲ磬ŵʱҶϰҷģͷչˡ
Ҷ΢֪ǳˣе±Ҳ
̼ҵĳȷʵͦ⣬ⱻֹζҶûԶ٣ȴŹº˲پơÿҶδ˰ȻҶûӸŹºȾơ
Ź¼ôƺȥ治ɫ־ҲѡޣСӲӣҲ˼ҡǼҵƷҲùƷ˵ʵࡣֻ滨ǿǱҪһЩүŲں㲻㣬Ůӵϲġ
ȻܱûζǿЩҶµ϶бҸ̸̼ϡ
ʮˣҪȥһȥŪǧĻµ׸͹ǡƺˣŹ¾͸Ҷ߱˺
в𣬼۸϶ԭҪࡣŹ´Ҷβӣϧ˵ѾͷСүˣκԵ޷䵽˱˼
ҶϰԤôŹµ뷨ȻϡֻҪ߸Ҷϣͷʱټ۸Լ˵㡣⽲һãȻҪǾ͵ó˫顣
ҶȻѡĳɡ󼱲ƣͼıǼƣǳȹ̵ĺ
ƹһҲ֪Ҫɡɱ͵̸ˡ˵Ҷṩ͵ҹжû̺ͿԴҲȥ仰˵Ҷε٣׬٣̳̼̺Ǳߵ
Ȼܵ͡ƹ˼Ƭ̣Ҷεĳɱ֡
۸Ҷǲܽܵġȫ߳ɱȻҲҶߵ渶ǳ֣ܼٳɱñȳ̼ٲ١ǸСҲס⡣
ƹ۸δ̫ЩҶⲻ̸׼ʱҲûлţӵķܼҵģɱҲܼҵġ̼ǹһˣ̸õұһص⻹
ŹȻ֪Ըļ۸ѹõͣͻȥһ·ϿǻҪġ̼ҵʦǳסǳԺİҸҲǳ̼ҵĳɱ
Ӫô꣬汲ٺˮŴãô򵥣
ȻһĵḶ́ӮӮٿ¡һԿ̽˵ִ粻ãץ˻ıǿø˶೤һ˫ƵġҶҲû취漰Ǯ¡ǴٳɺһĵӣһиǵǶʧ
Ҷθƹ˰죬ĳɵ˸Լ
ŹʵߣҲûѽܡҶЩܣɡҪһɵȥ̵ȫߵһ˸ȥǶʧ̼ܼҰɱе
⵹ǲγ̼ң߲ûȥ򡣲֪̼̺ŵǶӰЩ˹ȥʲôλ׼ȻԼŵȫ̸ţЧֹ̼ߺŪǡ
Ź¶Ҷεûоðıǽ˸׽ܣҲʡúʳ
УǷĻǽͽ⻰ˣҪҶðҪĻұˡֲ֪࣬û˻ȴϡǵɾҪԲסղ˵㻹ζϻʧ
ŹҲ˵ĸɴࣺҳ̼һأҪǮԷġ
ȻҶҲǸˬˣڴӦ
ⶨԺ˫ǩֻѺŹ¾͸Ҷ˵һȥѺӡŵλõıˣ̼ÿˡͿʱѺ͵ж١
һѺڵǣ¡
Ҷε˵ͷŹԼʮµ׽ʹŰһܼҡ
⳵ߵÿ죬ܼʱ컹ûڡǵſڣѩȻͽ˵䣬ӴѩҶζоֽű飬ûЦݣñһժûסЦǩ˸󵥣
СģȲöҶ˵ҲͶ˼һüЦӾ̲סҲǿǡȫҺһ
ҶѳӣѺӱǰԺ߸һĥӸɻ˳ӡ
ҶòûãںըࡣʳҶñҶִżֵĶࡣҶ˴Ǯѳʳ̯ǵСǮ
Ҳйɣ۽ǿԺúףһգ
ҶŪЩˣÿʲô»˺õͻάԼһءСһٷܽһ˶־߰˺Щ졣
ûסϲЦտҶȥˮϴһ£Լźͷһɡͳȥˡ
䣬ҶҲǵԺΪǺӻﶼܺȾơʵˣûбķůӡһҾƺȥܴӶյĿϡ˵ѣȹĺáϴţҶθҶüҲȾСõϰߡ
ѩȻǳӣϻҶôĹӣҶһѧˡضҶζ֣üһͨæͰѹӸŪҶöıҶĻá
Ҳ֪ôãôͬĲ˵ζǺáҶҲƣ˵Ҳܺóԡû츳ôĵĳʳ
ǽûԹĽģҶЦ۾Ľ˫ֲɣ
ҶûԹҶԺʳ˿϶ҪˡҶõպܾˣҲһġϾҶǴҪ̡¸̼ѺȥˣҶ͵͵ȶ˰ܲܳɣȻ̸̸˵
ǸãۼĺˣǿҲ㡣
ҶЦеģҲС㰲š
ԹӾ׵ö࣬õġҲ򵥣Ҷ߳˰ȥٰϻصС¯óϣƬϴ˲˾ֱӳԡϺһţضŵҲʲôˣŮһӳԷҶҪ̺ӣܳԵŪ˸ζһЩҲǹġ
һӳȺһٷƿȥѩµĶҪ·
һȺ˸ˣӺ˲پơѩʵӦԵƵ˾㵸سʫ衣ܳʫȻֻϣ˶ᣬκظź͡
Ҿ¶ǣųס˵еʮǿǲ˶š
Ҷһֵߵߵظ֣һˣץһȥ
Ǽû˹ܣǺȵòʡ£·߲ȡ÷ϱӾݡ˵˴ߵͷ˯ˡ
ҶǱȥġһȾƣҲҲ˵ҶûȹƵģܼԺͷһغȡȻʤĺӶ˲ϡҶСûȶ٣չϻިʰϺͼӲҺȾƻѣҲҶһŵġ
ҶʵҲѣȵĲ٣һš˾ƷܲҲƲƮЩպЩĺܡ
ϺƳҶκüۣŮ֮ҹܡ
ԼϱͷҶΣĥôӦû°ɡʱҲûˡ̽ӲˣƷ裬Ӧû¡ôһ룬ǱҶԸվûƵߵʮȵԼ߻ݡ
Ϻһۣĵػ˺ݡ
ҶνȴûϴʱȺģܾȽŽӲͷ̵سĹ˿˴꣬־е䡣Ťͷ۴ǰʲôڻΡεͷĿѣ¡Ӻҵذգʱ͸ø̸ġп϶Ͳˡ
һŸȥ̿һߵ˴ߡǶģѩµڹ¶ɫĹ㡣ﵣԼ᲻ᱻſڴǰͿԺӰӰ´߽һˡ
˾ɡһŵͦѩ
ŲȣжǷɣˮƺע⵽ڿŲ̧͡˲䣬˾ߵ˴ǰ
ҶηӦЩٶۣʵİ
ǰεرܡ۾˸ãðŴͷʣ㡭˭ôҼˣ
衽յĵйӳûϢȥ׷ʮ·հ˶µһկɱץʮһæ˺һͨЯҹɫؼҡʱƼҶϵʱҶͨ죬ɤںǼᵽһŨҵľζǡ
ϻؼ˾ƣųӴصǱ˽ģֳ֪˶ٵľƣ
˭˵˭衽յ鵽̨ϣ΢΢ǷӣԴЦſůƣ۵׷·һ̶㲻Ըս˿˭
Ҷ֪˭ﶼʼըˣ˭Ҳϵá
ӣһֻ־ס衵졣
Ҳ㣬ץԼǰŨҵ̱ǵľζ˵ϣ۽޶˶о˱Ǽֻһȭľ롣Ҷ˫۾ϸع۲ãһֻȥ˳۽ë
ǼٵôҶγ˰죬ûóҰɡ
ʵ˵۽ëеۡεץסֻ֣¹£ɤģģקҲԼ۾ϡ
Ŷ
ҶκźקԼ۾ϵô֪
˶٣ָŤ´ѳȻֹ촽˰죬ûͷĺԽԽˣʲôɫţ
衣
죬Ҷβ˰죬촽ˣʲôɫţ
ò˼ЩЦãԼ
Ҷλ˻Դо촽һһϵķ·иٹק˼ҵ첻ɱˣȻðͷǸʲôζ
ţֱӰ˸ԼȻԼ촽ȥ
Ĵһ˲Ӷˡ
˶٣ԥԼǳ֮ΣֱֻǾһ㣬ĪҪǵüԺᷳԥ֮ʱץ˿ɲžϢڱ֮䣬ͷ̽˿Ŵݣ
β׵һ飬һİôӺӿû˼ֱ˴ݣֻͷ
Ҷƺмһǽʵ谭ֻ߬ƹǰ˵ĲӣԴԽǽڣ˱Ĵѩڸǣɡֻɿɡžһ䵽ϡ
̨ĵ紵裬αϨ۽޲ķɿ죬·Ȼҵʹ䵽ҶεϣҲƲסļˡ
ãҶη·𳢹ζɿ
ûסӴͿֱӱϴȥ
Ҷһڣɬıӣо̼ñǻۡһֻס˱ӣر˵ؿ㳤ÿ۾ÿӺÿҲÿȫ¶ÿϲĿ
衺ֳӵסܻ᲻ӵΪɤظˣ·˶ૡЦգŶ𣿡
Ҷ̧ȻȻ˺һɧɧͷ׵ù
衣
ҶߵԹԵزͷ˻վڴ⣬֪ʱˡļͷ֪һѩ次
ҾϲɧġҶκͷһЦ
ûסѵ


57 
ҹƵ飬ҶѾǿƵĨ˴йµļ䡣һֻ֡ҪҲͷҡҶֱ׳ذԼǿű׸Թȥ
ĳʱʱƳҶζӲͷƤװ·
ҲûΪװһڲס̬ȥϴ
ѩһҹʱѻһƬװع硣ŪӲȥһҶζ棬һҹĽѩܴﵽô
ȻԨߣѩǧʫ䲻ǿš
ɣۼž͵䣬ǽ겻ùҶվſڣѩɫüͷϽϺͰûԺѩһýʳȥѩüܡҶðѺӱǰԺҲøɨԺæɨ
ջ裬Ҳûķ롣
ȻҲ䣬ྩеġͷջͨʱҲձ̺ϻ衣ǴﴩҲ䡣
طʲôҲǰĶ춼ǿӲġ
Ҷβ֪Щాļ취ǲӲģӹǶӲð취ȡůȻܶë
ô˵϶ȻûϣҶ̫ˣ˵ʲôšҶβ˵Ҫĥð취Ͽຮľͷ˲١û˱ؽ綬䣬˵ǳǺġҲΪƤëôԭƲƤëů
ԽĩϵƤëԽ
˵ÿʱ򰢾Ҫ˽ɽġǵƤëҰƤëʱץ˰һƤȥĽˡ
ʱһֱĥŴ˽ɽǵҶ½ŵ鵽ѩûɽ
¶ҶǲġǻҰ̸ҶҲȷʵ׼밢̸̸Ͼȥ¶ҲָֻŵùˡҶˣʱѰʵġҪ֮Ȼǽ¶
Ҷ֪ʱ̿ġ
Ҷε˽⣬ʯʱѾȡůĹʽʱ򱻳Ϊӡֳ֮˵ءν˵أǾӣڵϿ뿾ϳ˻ءκʱڲ˵濾̵ļģַչڻǰһǽݱͻǽݱ䵽󣬶ũ봲齽ϣųΪ֪Ļ𿻡
ǿֶҲֻڶҲԱտ̿ļĩڴ˵أδռֹ߳һ濻ʵҪƤë
Ҳ˵Ҫ˯ĿԸԭ˲˸ɻ
ܼסѾˡҪ̿Щطò͵òЩطŪһ£ôһǸСĹ̡ҶԼܿ˿ȥӶ˼ۡŪ˻𿻣ǼĲ𶼲ˡ
ԺӺͷһƬ֣òֻܱ¨ȥǡ
ĥ˰죬̿ǲͬĵض̲ͬʽġ˯ĵضȻǵͷܾؿʵڲУҲŪһ濻˵ء
ԭʼԭʼ㣬ֻҪ䣬Ͷ˵
ҶҪ̿ͲӡϾӵܶҲֻԼ߶¶Ƚ÷ɿ죬ָˮɱ˸ɻҲôһ룬ȥȡ衵ıīֽ⣬ֽϻṹͼֽͷϸزֳ
˿ֵʮϸ
ͼҶøϺѾݳȥӡҶżȥڳʳ̯ӣѩҲûϽֳԣɵĻúܡ
ҶûԺɨѩѩѵϸߣôۡ
Ҷ۾Ƴ˼ۣĶ
ȥͷˡҶò˲ϵѩӣһǳһŵ߻ǺƤëŪҲ䣬ȵĶˣ㣬ʲôҪ˸æҸ֡
ҶҪæҪȥû˵øһأҰЩ¶
Ҷ֪Ҷ⣬ҲЩ㡣ÿҹϴͻ߶ʱҶ˵ҪҰͻػ˵е¶ȥһˣԼĪͻ¶żôҪҪȥһ
ȥˣôһĹ򣬰ȥˡҶΰڰ֣òã˵Ҳһ
ҶÿҶεӡʵǺ档˵⣬ЩҲһ֪붮ġʱ߶ţ˵ǻЩ֪ǲϵ¶Ͼϻذ˳ȥһ˻ҶʮǡͷǲС
㣬ϵ¶ôҶ˵Ҳ
ҶƳһۣȻҪ£ЩҲܸ˵˵ָǱ߻ȥ˵ĻҶĥһҲһ˵ϻȸҶһ죺ⲻǸ̼ǩĴӡҪȫ̼˵ǲŵġѰŵùһ·ȥ·죬Ҳθ˴򽻵
Ҷգգۣ˽뵽һȥˡỴֹ̈ߵ·ӣר˴ţаȥ
ţŲ÷ܷĵġ
˵ţҶοüͷҲܣߡ
û£㣬ҲôˡҶһůɵԼɻʱʲôûУ͵͵¶ԼҽǶѪףôܱȵϣ˵ͷѵΪҸкӹǮҲǸһġ
Ҷ⻰ЦɺѵǮ̫ԣñĶе᣿
ţеǮȷʵǲġҶ˼Ƭ̣϶
Ҷ۾ȻЦ˵ҲЩˡҶ࣬Ҷ޵Щ˵õԵҶξԼ̵Ҳ˵ʱŮλر𣬵ŲȨǻܶ໰Ȩ
ȻڣȥͷҶαȥﻻѣԼţãڼпżҡǻ˵ҽȥ߽
˵꣬Ҷξһɡš
ò˵ѩ֮󣬽ֵǳ׵ټˣҲûؽߵ̵ǿ˼ңǹŵġʱĽͨƺǰ㷢ѩ·˲ߡС̷Ҳðڸ·ϣû˿ˣȻͻЪϢˡ
лţֻһСţͷڻԱ߿
ҶνȥԼҪ˵ˣǿĻ˼Ƭ̾˵ˡ磬ֱ˵պҶһˣʱ߽ӹ
ܾ𣿡Ҷξ⼸ղæѿˣܶӵ㹤Ǯ
еĻôһ˼Ҳ˵ġҶιǮĶ࣬ǳӶȻҲࡣȻˣȥʶ߽һˡѩ϶ڼèҲˡ
УͷȻҳȥһˡ
Ҷα뵽šǻŪȣ˸ձñʹҴҳšһĴ׳Ӹӹ֮ǰѾ˵ҶйҪȻܳ뷹ˡĲ˵ֻ˵˹Ǯ˻ȥɻ
һ˵߽ĹǮһλġѧղĿҪһ롣Ҷż˵ҪǼӹǮѩɻ۸һġ
۸ģӶˡҶ߻ûʣǾæ˵ܸɡ
Ȼˣ¶ô˵ˡ
ҶߵʱǮҪеģٸ߽˵ɻͦģһλɵĹǮֲ˵޼鲻̣гҲȷʵЩࡣ
ǮǸᣬҶλȥ
Ҷδ˻ܼʱϸպôżӻ￡Сһ˱һûͿʼɻިҲһСһСĸ˻ײҶΣҶƳƳûʻҶξͰ˵ˣ䣬˻̿
϶󶮣Ҳͷһ˵ǿҶεӣͦżŪġǱͷüСȽԺӣҪô
š̿ȻðѼҾߵȶ
ûٺöǲ¶ҪҶ׬ǮϡȻ϶ҪðǮӽϿˡȸýĽˣҶλȥϾ̿ҲҪϵģʯң壬שͷЩһС
Ҷ߸˵ҪӰգȥǮóȥϵӣһҪáȻǮӻԼݣҶȥһˡ
ȥ֮ǰȥӽϺϺݳһ
שҤûţﻹڵģӦ
ȻûţҲơשҤĹ˵ҶҪͰͷⷿǱߴשҤ˼۸תͷʯң嵹ûСϾضûùשҤŪҲ֡û壬ñʯҲܴ档
ʯ嵹УשҤʯ岻٣Ǻȿе񣬡㿴ô
ҶοʯĺȣȷʵǺ˵㣺ĥıһЩô
ܣǵ÷ѵ㹦򡣡שҤͿģҶҪܸĥ񡣵ҪĶĻЩл
УСģԼĪҪ顣÷㡣㡢Ϳ档ðտĴСһ㡣ĴСҶ߿߳ġҶƳ۱ʯĴСģңǴԼʲôʱĥã
ҪüĻðɡµĿóҶż˵ᾡ
Ҷ뿻һҲ̲ãҲͷһˡ
⼸ˣҶλصʱѾ˰ĶˡʵҲٶҶε˴Σһʣһױ̨ѩҲ÷ŵԺȥŲһҪ̿Ȼһ̡
Ǳ߶Ҳ࣬ҲŲȥˡ
ʯ˻óȥҶβûУ߽
ҰģͰӱⵣȥǡ߽һ磬˰æᶫš˼Ըһĵļ۸Ȼǲ˼Ъš
ҵҶξȥ
ϿŰյӣҲһ룬ûض˯⿻öò̵ĺð
õʱһ͹ˡ̿ǽһջڣһŵ̵տ̵ȻϵıѬǸҲܲˡש࣬ʯݿĵҶγʯңĶŪɲݣ
ʯҺôüӸɲݣǼһҶνݶۼȻ֪ЩôᵽɲݣܼûûҲׯڣɲȻûС
ʯҲеģաԽԽ̣ӵɲǿǿȺ;ҶһŲһ㻹ȱʲôҲʱķڵȱʯϡҪĲܶ࣬ϱʯǿ̵һ㣬ǿԽŹȰѼҪŪģȸŪ
Ūÿ죬ŪҶθϵӡ߽ͷ̺ã̵ҲҲ硣
̺˻õɣҪա
ҶβСˣҪ̿ȻöϡҪ̣Ҷ÷޸ϺסҲ̡ģҲûС˸ϾӶסСҶҲġֻǼӲ࣬ճû˯ˣǱ
ϺȥשҤһˣĥõıʯһĹ̺ˡܸɻҶܼҳ˷͸ȥа˸ˡ
ɣ߽һٶġ
ȳУҶοϲ̵شŹǮְ˽סҼǱ߻֮ˣҼһˡ»ͲУҰѹǮֱӽ
û뵽¶ǧлҺģպȥһˡ
Ҷεͷ˼ʱסˡϽĶᵽ˶࿿ӡǸе㱳ӦʱҲûҪôࡣǽǣ⽫ı㡣ͷõҲ̵˴ϣ˾֮ġ
һæ꣬ϾͰǮӸҶδͷƱһûⷽҶθ㻨ǮҪ
˰ɫŲԾûһֿʼѩ
פǱŶԣƺĸоҶſվһЩҪⲻǷڿʳϡȻһ࣬פҪ£û׬ͷӵǲܷˡ
̼ǩû˵Ͷٻֻ˶ٳɣɵʱʹһ˶ٹȥǿߵĹҶε뷨ȻԽԽáϾ̼һҲ»ȥ򣬹ƵСԺһֻ׬һ㣬ֺαش£
һƲ̫࣬Ҷ߶ÿƼٿŵɡΪҪʮյʱ䡣
Ҳ³̼֮ǰʮڣ߶Ҫ
ԽأɱͶˡЩӵĴ󣬵ʱɱꡣҪӾͷ࣬ҶֻҪ˵ü۸ԻҶδ
ò˵Ϻǰȥİ趹ǰ˴æûһԶô࣬ҪյȡزҪ㹻ȥĻø԰̶ĻԴҶο趹һձһ٣ڻǰѰйȥ
ʵҶҶȥ¶ڵš
ʵϣҶһȥ̸̼¶Ѿ˵סϾܼҾôˣŮӾһӡǰ¶ȻԴȥǾְײ뿪һϺܼ£Ϻôͣﾭס;档
Ϊ÷򣬰ԼҶ⣬϶ϺҪŵùЩ˵ʵڵģҪҪȥ򣬰ҲЩԾǹһˣܶԶû¡ҲûǣҡȢϱӡЩŲӺͶӡ
İɡ⣬϶չ˺áҶõǺܿÿ˵С޸Ǣʱֱܿ࣬һ˩ϣ˵ҲҳԲϷ
⵹ǡҶζô
Ҷõ֧֣£Ҷο˵¶һڴӦˡ
Ӧе̫죬ҶζûӦòɣϻȥ̼ңų̼Ǹ̽ҿá
н㿴ˡɬӺףܲһûϢ
ҶҲЦˣϲʵˡ
֮ǰҪȥͷ򿴿ҶγƬ̨̣ǹڣֻҪҵʵĻԴƷʺã۸񹫵ԴȶֻҪȷЩļ̺УұֱӺ
Ȼ֪һ˵һֿ϶ȹһҪЩ
Ѭ趹ΪҪԴб֤һ㡣̻̻ҲǴмһ۸϶߳һءҶβⷽûо飬Ǵڽԭһ飬̸ĺãҲܡһˣҲǻӶġ
㣬ҵǲӶ¶ֵˣ¶ϻҶξ˵ĺ
֪ܼӵģ⼸żҲײһæµĳǳڱܻ̬ȣÿ˶Ҷ࿴
趹ĺûҲ׷ֱ档˵ʵʵϣͷʵҲ˺ЩꡣʶľƤëƤëòһܿ趹ǺǻǾͲ˵ǽĽȥ򣬵ָα趹û
һġ¶ð˵ҶҲҪһ ȥҸһߡ
˵ʵڵģΰҶҲǵۡ͸ǰвźû۲вŰѻԴСؼȻҪúҶȻȥͷ趹̸ûܽаȥǩѡԾ֡
üܳں˼ûҶﲻԡ
УҲͷɶ˺̣
þ硣Ҷϲ׼ʱ٣κ¶ҪȴŰģҹգ۾͹ȥӣǼѩ͵ϵꡣ
ȻҪҶҲ׼ʽһ㡣ҲҪѰ££ƽȺķʽǩ顣ͷҲеӣǿŪѺڶҲܳɵġûѺڶӣҵµģҲԡ
͵Ҷθͷ鰢ȥ̸
Ҷ룬ɴ͵дһ顣
Ѻڵķ㣬Ȩη֣αȨ𣬵ȵȡź˻ͬŪһݣдһݡһʽݣҲʶ֡һ飬˫ʽǩֻѺ
ȻŪôʽҾͻȥȺֵ˵һõʽ飬Цֻð
Ҷγ˼ϻϵĸˣĶûҲ֪ȺͶ󣬶ˡµͷȥ̸¶ͦġⳡѩͣˣǾ͵ȥͷһԴˡ
ҲûڼҶôкˡ
ҶκòЩ¶ѾڵֲָѰѷŪˣѧҶһ̱⣬ڵġ䣬ŪȺñҶϻ͵һءҶÿ˾ѧˣһ˵ζͦ㡣
׼Է衲ЯһѩӴ
Ѿа˸ߣ˶ϱëë׵ط·ըһȦͶ˶䣬۾ûһ˼ûС
ҶԱͰѽĶ档ò˵ëǺãů͡
ݵǰŵģ֨ѽһƿ
Ҷ̧ͷ۽һѩ衶ˡ֪Ķϵࡣ첲°ڶ࣬Ҷ㶡ƻ꣬˫۾˸ӯӯĹ⣺ȥѡ
ע⵽ϵǱ¿վȥʲôˣŪģ
˵С£ǰЩʱץһˡ衺˵ûˡ
ӣץĹӻӣ
šɫ͵͵Ӧһʱмǿüкӡ
üͷһҶΡ
ҶθɴվҪȥ
ƵԭסǼݵţգգ۾ûס۽ǡ˭Ҳûˡ
Ȼͷȥһ۾˻Ťͷ衵һ⣺Ӱˣ
šҶûſڣŵĿڡҶοְѿӸһؾ׽ϴʱ˵Ļûô׶ǲģķɴӸˡĶ
衣
һֱΪĸ˵ЩΪ˼˭뻹ĻĶﲻ˳ĿⲻԾ䵽Ҷεϡ
ҶҧſؿҲûнһ˼
˶٣ָ̧ǡ
ҶεƤӵ£ʳָмؽڹһ촽
²ؼҶͷƤһղԾޱӡ۽޵ʹǱĴįĪмίſƺʲôҶθϽ¿ӣҴ๫ȥѡӣĶˡ
˵꣬ҶδӺͷ߳衾ͽ˺ӡ
Ȼ֪˺£ҶҶõȼĪøղ˵Ķֵֹģܿûȥüͷӳ˿ڲˡͷſިСٹިðװۣеֶնյĸо
һֻ־С룬һֻľӡͺСĸ˲ˡ
ϸϽСвˡ
һ룬ިһȥһԵİϳԡ￡ֵҲǣСûˣǳҪһԣȽͳԵöࡣ
Ҷ衽ݣ衲֪ӡߵİǸһǷλǷġӾͷǽߣͷûóʵԭءҶΰæңԸѡ⹦ҶΰѼ̿¶˵ˡ
衲ǰ㲻֪£Ȼ֪ʲôǶֻǱ߼ô֪ģ
˵衲ûзֹҶεĹ졣˵һµĹﲻöôණ˵ǰҶʫϲⶫһڳɲҶεݡʵϣ֪ϱӡ
ŮɧŴĶ֮أʱַ˽⵽𿻵Ĵڡһ֪𿻣ܰѻ𿻸̳
쳣ѾԺԣ۽΢΢һмشҶΡ
Ҷθ̿Ͳ±˷֡˵ʵڵģϵ쳣̫֮ˣϸʹ֪һŮǺεģԭǸʲôģֻԼԭķʽҪǣ壬Щζܲ
衵ӦͷŹֲǡ
ĿԣҶ̹Ȼη촽Ƭ̣ȴǸ̸ʱ۲תֽѹضȥ˵ͷǸ𿻴Ŷã
һ˵աղܸɡ
Ҷβͣһ˵ʲôղǸȻǾùŹ֡ΪʲôѡʣҶξ÷ѽ⡣һһóҪæɴͲţŵˮҪþԼȥᡣ
˵꣬Ѿȥˡ
ѵһͣʳָָڴϡ˼Ƭ̣һЦѷŵϣҲתȥˮͰػضҪݣŪü˳ԷЩڡ
ϺҶüԴ衻ͷ˿ӣϵǳڣͷҲ˿ӡҶγͿһ¿ӲԣšֻصԼλ԰ɡ๫ϴкһһˡһԣҸǡ
Ҷô˵˵۾ֿϡ
ĥҲɣôһֲóԡϱʵġǾҲȳ԰ɣȻʰɾٸʰǡ
ô˵˱Ҳӳԡ
Ҳͷſˣʲô¶ûιҪ԰շҶñ׼ȥϺҲȥˮҿ֪ܸʲôһ߲˵衿ϴã߳Ƴ˾͵극ϴˢ꣬ϴ¶
Ҷһ㶣ǽվŵ꣬㡣
šɡʮϴҲʲôŰͯػ˵Ҳͱѡûϴģʮ۷Աʲô¶
ҶŤͷմʪˮ衣˾䣺๫÷ˣ
δҡҡͷҽһû÷׿˻İɡ
ҶΣ
ýݸҶȥ˺
ʣһЩҶαһ档úܣʱʣ˲١ܿģӷȥһˮٷŽ̵֮СҶθ˸ϣŪ˵ϡ
˹ȥʱѾƻŷ΢ҡΣʱʱžһը졣ƼҶν衲ŷ±̧ͷȥӣҶεĸǰس档
Ҳһ
ҶѾϴæһҲ۵úܡ䣬ֽűЩסʱоûʲô±ЬϴŲ˴ţҶθ׼ȥ衺Ȼĳʳؿ˿ڣնǵ£һ㽻ûô
ƮƮһ仰һԴϣҶӵһͣɴ۾
ĪҪҽ˵ʲôǵá΢΢۽ڱһϸӰӡʳ޲Ĺǰ㲻ˣƺҶһ˯ˡ
׼˯ҶΣ
Ҷβ˵ĵʣûʲôҪ˵ô
˵ʲôҶγ˳ǣͷƤһӲʱ˿̣ѵ˵Ҫƺɧŵ˵ǲӣҪ
Ҷδʱǵǵ˯˲ܹˣű
Ŀԣ衾Ȼ˹غһ
ҹ¡
Ҷԥ£شǡԲסҲǹģһò鶼ѵʱʱĻεҹҹ˯һݡҶξһҲĶİɣȾƵʱŬװĲ⣬˾ƷŷҲû취ư
ֻ衾ˣɴ۾·Ȼܹ˺޳ܡ
ҶεտƲסغˣֺ졣
Σ
Ĺһüͷ״˼
ãſ̽ҹϴ˯𣿡
Ҷ۾һ̧ɨ
ֺһ˷ֺҡΪ͸˵촽ϻȾˮ⡣һ¿мֿصˣ˯ڵùͷܲס
е仯衲òıԴҶεķʽ
ڷƿӿ𿻵һ˲䣬ʶһ¡ǰļĸΪȢҶϡ衲ҶǸʲôǲǸ״ơܿʶǣԭȵǸӡϡҲǵҲûôණ
ǰˣһˡ
˵֪ʲôԵУ衶֡ϴ֮ʱʱ˵ĵεΣʶ֮ǰˮܿܲôʺϡƱΪҪҴ󵨣ңʱŮӵӡòȴڹؼʱֵĺ
Ҫü᲻֮㹻ľΡ
Ҷο۽޵ʹţӰĽЩįﲻɵطʡԼܽ˯ǲ̫֡ʵϸ룬غ˯϶䡣ӹǿ׳Ҳܲ˰ɣ
˯¶ֲҪģ
˯˯û˸ȥԼҪȥġҶʵԼо֮Щ仯ԴҹĻԺлıҶʱ뷨Ͳɵࡣ
Ҳǹ
ҶĿⲻԾ䵽մˮ촽ϣ͵۾ͱ˸šҶһȣƿߡǱ˶ֲԸ䣬ӲͷƤְĿƻװ޹
ҲĹ򶨣Цȴʮֿߡ
֮⣬ûбĸ˵ôգգ۾ذ׵ְȥ֪ʱ涼ˡҲˣǲɫķơ
˶٣ʵߣûʲôҪôҺܼҡ
ҶĿһ̧
һֱҽģΪ鷳Ϊĸûж̹ףʶһֱƣҶλǻװɵȥɴͱˡ
ҶαرܣΪ̫ҪˣܻӰʮʮŬأ侲ɷϣʱʱᱻ衸յҲرܵԭ̰ͼ˼ɫ²˾һ׼һֱؾᡣ
ɻص衲֪ôκȻǿҶζʱеֲ
е㷳꣬ķɿ졣衣ֲʹ˳ԵǡҪҪץѵöĵˣȻûȫĺ¡
򴽣ҶθɴһӳˣС
Ҷεһֱѣ̫˲Żǵѡ񣺡衣ʰȷʵܶġĳ࣬Ƣԣ̬ȶܺ⣬̫鷳ˡó㲻ǸͨˣҲóҰĺͱǳ̲㲻ԶСطһ뿪
뿪ԺǲɿصġԺ߻ָ鷳ܶջΪͬ΢ĩϦԣŻ޼ĴһĻһж䡣ǧ磬ˡȤ˲֪˭Ҳܱ֤ǶԷΨһѡ㲻ܣҲܡŮλĲȣŸջ󣬵ʼһܣδ䲻⡣ߣ֪ƫʱ˭ܱ֤һα˴ˡֻܹһңͬһյ±ҹ̸
ôֱ׵ĳϣ衷ҭס
衴δҶο֣ľȻ͸Ȼȷʵջױ䡣ϱ衾;̫̫࣬ĿȫǡǣΪ
˶٣֣صʣǲ֪ܣ


58 
ȷʵ֪Ҷⲻǻڹô
Ҳûֻκξ֮ǰõ㹻ĵŸϾܼΣʵδ͸¶䡣Ҷһʼֻ֪ΪáκϿɣԵΪԼܽȻ߲ݰѿ˭˼
ҶδӲԱҲ֪֮ƾʲôΪԼ衴ϻۣС˼һܹǣԵΪӾľǱ롣
ԣ֪Ҳʼһ衶עҶΣִϣȻش᾵͹ָڰ޳ָ׼øɾָ׷΢΢ķۡҶβԾض˫޳֣ƻΪβܴһ㣬һӲͬأ
ҶΣ˵ʱƤ᣿
ǣߵֻ̧һԼաһžӵ飬˵ڵĻȴǳĺ޳ܣˡ
ҶΣ
Ҷαҭ˵ЦЦ
߹ö֮Ҷε棬ӵķչ衵ӰӴӰͶ䵽ǽϽҶ˰棬۽޻գҲʧġ㲻ң
˭˵ǫǫţ̬Ҳ˵
ҡҶҲ˵ԡֻµվһ˫·ĻϣִԱԡϾ󻷾ݣ۲ɢŴôԣ
˵δ̫ʵˣ˵ô㣿
衻˵ȻҲȦסҪҶεģͼ̰ͼһʱ˼Ƭ̣衲źȻֹסҶεĲӡǿƣѡֻǽ˹ǰ΢΢ͷ촽ȥһ
ҶεĿ䵽꣬ɫī裬ڶһȾʪɫ󼫺ãƫ˶˵һַɫ˻ˡ
˫˲Ҷξͱˣһ
衴Ҷε۾ų⣬ҧһ´˱һ¡Ҷε촽һɵĲ㡣
Ҷεķ±ö֮ȥߵĴݣС
ĴѩźХĴ졣ϵоžһը죬ƻȻһ˲ֻʣ΢صĴϢãҶθо巢һԺҴܣ衲ɿ˱˱ĺ׵Ĵ
ûҲĶ㡣
衺»ţ޶˹Ҷ˿̡ǹѡ
̴٣ҧһڲſƵɿԴҶεļϣ˫۽ػˡľһ£ɤƵģӦңңκ㡣㽫ƤҲܡ
Ҷ˵ģȫԼֱĵһͿŬİѳֲס񣬵Ǿǰ绨
һ˵һҵĵڶѡ衣İҶβҪ¹һĸֱŮ¶ʱҲѸѲĲסװĴȣǸԵˣҪԼͿԷô
ҶֱͷƿκԼ˫ģȨҲ˫ġ
һ㲻ԿЦһֱ۾ȴҶεţȻҲһҪ£Ȼͬ
һ䣬Ҷ㶡
£̧ͷɵʣȷ
һԣ׷
衳ŵ˵նҶôôȷأ
Ҫ֪ǹŴ檺Ϸ衾Ȼ׵ġԼһ˵İǿҲʱްɣҶô붼òԾ衿üȨ⣬˰ѻ𣺡ҲɾҵǮƣɨسš
ǮôҶβŲϵûסһ˦Ǯãҵġ
ҭҭЦãҰٺ»㣿ҵٺ»Ҳһϣ
Ҷ룬ǮҪɵӡ
ʹصͷУ˵˾Ͳܷڡ
˶٣˵ëûסʣҪдô
衣
Ҳûתȥĥдһ顣Ҳ֪ΪƶƣдҶζҲ̵ĵд˲˵ǩֻѺӽʮٺ»ȫҶΡҶУȥʰֶųĿ꿪ųȥ
Ҷλţֻǳʵؽʮͷ档

֨ѽһ򿪣衶ȥϴˢһϴһȴ
ʰɡӺϿŴϺЩ衣Ҫȥéģʱֻ֫Ӳվǡ̿Ҫڳǰ˯ǼӱϸҶüռˣû˯ͱϵϺȥ˯Ϻһֱסˣ˱ռطһҲ˯¡
Ƴһۣëըɵһ񣺡ӡ
һ׼ū͵ּܼҵļӣСǾ˵̹źӵū͡ҡūв²ῴɫģܼԺ󲻽вԼĪǿܼưܡһũСԺһլӵĸ˼ң˼ҵ˺Ū
ѩӷۣɤƣײ̿㡣㵡ˡ»ٽץ͵ˣҲٴܼҡ
ǿܶס£Ҳ˵Ҳ˼ǵӼ˶ҪʧŮӣƫèֻϧϱӱɱˣɱ̫硣Ҳδɵ硣
һ䣬ɨһۣɡ뿪
ʹԴð죬ֱŲԶȥ̧ͷ
紵˸˽ͷԵشܽѩСҲƣܼҲ֪Ǻˣôƾʮء
ǰм·ģ衻صʱҶβ֪ôλû˯š۾װһյ͵ڴߣžһ͵ƷŵͷСϡһ䣬ϵҶһĵ㵹̧ͷƳһۣ˹ѵЬӡ
ץӣҶβڽ۾һ졣ڿ
ҶΣ
ץűһֻǣ񣬡ܷһ㣿
ҶĬĬ湰һ㣬˳Ʊ˯ߡһֱѩϢڷվľòŻСһֱƵĸоͽҶΧˡҲûһŴϹ֪ΪһξȻ˽š
̾ϢһĬĬŲ忿ҶΡĥ䱻ϤͷƤ飬Ҷκ̴ЩûйϾŪԼҲܡ
룬ֽʮʵջ
ʵҶβʵԴʼѩһձһ䡣ХҹҶεıǺůֽҲ˯ҹ͸оһ˫·һĽŷǳ˫֮䡣һۣȻһ͹
Ĺ۾衽ɫŻ˯úܳˣڱţΪʲô˵Ľô
ܿ衾֪ΪˡȺԵʡ˯˱㽫ȥ涳ý档ȥ
衣
ã衸ɴһУ˫ʵĽŸס˯һ
һ磬ҶθоԼĽŲĪеۡʱѾûˣ˶ŲӴƿĴѩѾͣˣһԺӵѩסɨĿյ±ѩҶ̧ͷ˿ɫ㱼Ժﴫص
ĵ˭ôһȥ񣬽Ƶݺȥ衡˶ãͷϸ΢ĺʪϵҲõע⵽˹̧ͷһۡ
ҶΣ̧ʶسЦЦ
Ҷ˯е£קקϵް߹ȥմս衱ճһֻ££ɢڼϵͷȻȻظͷһ¡
ҶΣ
ҶΣ
ҶΣʲô
衽ӵһߣбȷ᲻ҡ

˵衵ͷᣬҹġ
Ҷһ죬뿪ڣȻҵĽŲ˶ʱŤͷȥͿͷӡƽ·˹ģȻڵȶҪôѩסȣһ̶ûʧ
ҶΣ
ˣˣͽһ°ɡ
ʵղ˵㷢ʲô£ôһҶξ͸ˡ̧衶һۣɴˡԭ˭ѩĲú˯ܳ衣˹˯Ų׼ȥϴ
һʲô˵ҪԵȺģҶεͷǰԺ
˽ѵĳʳ̯ӾûпšҶñ˯ЩʱŴųʱҶѾںˣԤһӡ
Ѿѧӣһܿ˰
衸ݣ˳ֱֻͰճôණҶΰֻôĽӣһܳʮϿŰӻĲյˣŮķҲȻٰһ㣬ʵڳԲҲԡ
ҶҲȱʳôԶ⡣
ϸ߸˵ذʣµȫꡣ½Ҳ򵥣ˮտˮ¹󵽽Ʈ̡ҶҲˣģպҲԼŪϲ֪ǸղƳӶϱںԺ׽Ļ뵽ʲôҶģٻȥЪϢ
Ҳ䣬Ҳ⡣ûʲôͻЪšһˮ½һ߰߰ɣҽ˾ͳɡ
ҶҲûǿʱײϡСӽǹԾһ㵽
ĿԣҶһ
Ҷü˽ݡԼԽԼݡ˵ӿˣӻǵϺһ緹ûԣͼųȥ滨ͻȥˡ滨ĹչҶ⣬ҲĲǮ
趹ˣӵĴһֱָڵҲû١ҶοԽԽ٣ĥŻȥһ㡣вǱߣҶǴҲں
Ϻ˻ͻæȥһˡ
ҶĥôŲУþȥ趹ĻԴĳʳ̯ӺͷˣݶİնšèʱڽֵϿһˣ̶ˡų̼˵ʮµûǾҪ̨Ǳߵ̻ҶԼż
ù緹ȥפأҶξͰѰѯʡ
㣬ȻߵġѸֵ˵¶һǮꡣʲôʱߣǽܳԵôһӶԲࡣ
ԿҶεȻܳԣ޶ȥ꣬ӶԹ
˵ô
ġҶΰڰ֡
šһͲǸⷽݵˡ
Ȼû˵ڡҹײһϴӣʵҲʶʲôӱòֹһǰ룬ꡣϽ㶼Ǩţáˮᡣ
Ҷβ֪룬˼Ƭ̣ɫԼĪͻͣߣǾš
Ȼͷ
̨Ȼо顣ʮ;Ƥë˵Ƥëʱ࣬ҰƤëų̊ͣǽλһܹһĻֻҶҪȥ
˼ģҶҲøȥף¶Ȼܽô
ⳤڵĺҲ˵һǮЩ̨һˡڵĹӦҲһʱҪõ趹Ļ࣬۸Ը⿪øЩֵܼһȻǧл
ȻǲܣǴ쵹Ƥë궼СǵԸĶҶƲϣ㣬Ĳá
⵹û£ȥѰеȼλ趹ǡ
Ҷô˵ͷģ¶ȥһ£˻ڸš
¶ô˵ˡ
Ҷ㱾δѣϺܴŹθ̼ҽȥ̨¶ҲܻһõĻ˵ܳŵ꿪
ȻһֱܺõҶҲԵͷˡ趹ӹˡϺ˺üҶǹŵġҵ˼ȥȻҲûġϺһ죬ǿųҶθǰϰ˵ϻ
£ѩ·ģҲ·ӡҶʵҲϵˡ򶼹ˣ϶ҲõĶȥ
ȥͷ¶ⲻˡ
Ҳ֪ǱˡҶι£Ѱʦȥ̨һһضӡ̫ػ·̫ǵ߰Ǯӡѩ࣬Ҫ۸񷭸ҶļλȻһ˶
ȥһ˾ûأҶЩżʵڲУҲֻзķݡ
ǮҪҪ
䰢ˣϢǸϢǰֵǴƤë껹Ҫ̨Ǳġ˳·ȥһ趹õϢǱжˡŲ̫ƽұǰϮ磬ƺҪˡ
Ҷһ⣬ЩϢô
Сʱȥһۣҵĺܣһӵ˶ӵˡ˵ǲԭǱɲפӦҲ˹ȥˡ
¶һŴʯͷܼ˵ϡ
Щ£򶨵ٵȵȣʰʿ
Ȼ˲ûפ˴󶯾ҹĳǧȻϰҰˡ˵פͻ̽¶ˣҹˡʲĲͼҲ֮ɡڹ˹򺣵Ѻٷ
ǰŵĹٱܼʶǱ˾ļҾ죬̬ȶ֣ءҲûΪǣǽһȦ
ûˣҶηһȺĽӵ˳ƴ˵£ҹôˣǳʲôô
һӵפأ಻һǧϾһټıͥҲֻʮʲ߽ߣͱһЩҶιҲᳬôôӣٵһˣפ಻ǧˡ
㣬ͷꣿ˵ǾͰ˵ˡ
˵ֳľ棬Ǹפ¾˶йءڹ˹䲻⽫Χˣ˹Ѻд˹˵ͣͼ˵ڹ˹һ˫ǣɽ֮¡
ⶫһ¶߶ռȻǳ˺
ʲҥڹ˹ͻʹᡣ˽Ӫشĵ֡פڧ̽Ӹȥⲻ߿ԵߵĵطͲˡ
ԭֻҶڹ˹ͷϿʺӣ˭֪ǰ֣ڹ˹鷿ʲĲͼɡ¶ʹˣĴڹ˹ԵϾڹ˹鷿ҵ鷿ֻڹ˹ܽȥ
ڹ˹ôĪеҧݺ
˫ûһ£פһճµҹȥ¥աͻ˽ˡϮһϵǰͼʧԣһҪս
˫ִֹͣˣ̨Ǳ˵˭ò˺ùӳԡ
ҶֻģѲı䣬ҶξͰԺӸˡƤһֱż衵ʲôʱȥЩ¶һ˽⡣
ʰ֪ʱ
Ҳĵĺܣ衽ûлأϷԷҴǽ˲ġ
ҶЩûţ;ͷȥפתơûϤˣ䡢ɽûòĻڵ˸û±ȥפǰƣפ¶˾ҶҲû취ڼҵȴѩͣ
գһѩͣˣǱ߾㣬ɸ˸һˡ
Ҳǰ¶ֵˡҶٳ˸ϣǻ۸Ҳ㡣Ҷ߶ŮϺһȥҲô㡣Ϻ⵹ܽܣЩҲûðѩţҽȥɡ
ϺЦұʹϸ첲ȻӲʵĺܡֻҳȥʱգֵܾͷҶտЩ
Ȼô˵ҶαҲͬˡ
һߣͶŮˡҶЩģɴӶˡ
Ӿ͹˰ɡҲȱӣһûҲܶסջ̵߽̿øǸݡ
Ȼ֪йһؾ飬Ȼ֪ôš
·мǱȫǮЩȥģмĪҪΪǮƴҶǰϺǴк򲻵趹ҲҪȫȫβĻá
ϺȻӦġ
Ϻһߣܼ߾ԵõˡһȫŮ˺ӣҶܾûšԼֱе׼ģǵԺ󣬾Ƥһ¶Ҫ⼸ƤҪˣҶθɴѼŮ춼г
ɡǽǵѾûҶβЩͷĲ޼ڳøɾͷĿҲ²һ¡
ûҶεĽȸУҶεжϵġοձʱҲڣҶθЩ˴¶ġפͼٸڣܽ˾òȥðѲڼӡ
ǼǵҶǰĴ߻ʣһ﷿ڼصҲðġ
Ҷչ˺ӳҶҲ˵ȥ˸СӸϺͷæިС֪æʲôҶεЦе˵ŻҶҲ̤ĲȵȥϽ˸ϵһȥȥȥȥתƣȥ
ިСЩίͰͣ߿ˡ
￡Եظڿӣתۼ䣬ǽǰЩӶһ¡ͷĻѩڳ·϶ߣͷһ㱡ĲݣͷŶֱ治塣
ҶǽڣԺǽԵװ˲޼еĵطһ顣Щ޼ľʵģͷһӡѩôЩ⣬ŶǰˡҶüͷĥЩ´ĥһ£ĥ˲źá
ͬʱԼòԾ
߳ʮ·Щ겻һѹһƤëûɾôƺ˶ںͷšѩɽļڣɽҰԲʳաɽԶ㣬տĵطԡ
ʱӵҰǸΣյģ̧ͷ˿졣
ɫ磬һŵĳ̫ԶĪţ߾ǡ
ɽԵȻӴ󣬰ô˵˱Ҳ䣬·ǻѩжǺܷ㡣ֻҪ֮ǰϵһŵ㣬Ͳ¡
ԽԽˣںѾ̲ס̤ӣ˻⳵ĻƳ嵶߼۾ɿɨӸѩʵ̫Ұˡǵ΢СһЩҰޣǣ
ǻͻãСǾˣһһȺ
ͷͷ˲и⳵˼˼пյǰǲǿˣ
۹·˷ڸ˵۾ɨӹããѩѩﻹûԵĺۼôĻѩҰ޵жҲܵơֻҪڽǰǶҪȥԷϻã˵Ⱥ˦˦
ӿٶȡδļնǳҸǰ͹ϣͲڱϣɱҲ㣺£ûпͱǣɣǰ档
ŵͷĬƻԭλ
⳵УѹŻѩ֨֨Ǽ˴ʱѩﴫһƳǺ˵жֻһ˲佫˵񾭸˼¡ˣĲǻȺҲ֪ѩ˶ֻ
ɫһԥ
ȻһҵȻһĲҽСҰ޴صĴϢһֻֻֻðϺụ̂ϹսɱˣʱҲЩȺȺΧм䡣ոǿʱҲЩѲڡ
ѩȺǶͷġΪ˻ȥƴĹֱһֻа˸ߵһ򰢾šȻݵļʸյƿһֻ֧ǵͷ­
ֻǰŻѪ˵ϡ
ȳѪһŵеЩðع񡣶ݵļʸһֻֻȺһǰԶһϣֳֹơˣھϲĽе򣡡
̧˸ߵ˻һʮֻǵȺ˲Ϣɱϡһнߵ
ܼʱգҶҵŮ֪ΪЩ롣˰ڶԷݿͿܾΪϡֻһٶе˲Ϣı䡣衵ĸ첲վ˲˵ϻ
衷׷鲼ͼʧһ£ʱһֱⱼ˰Ůӵ֪Ҷ϶ڼңľͷ
ܽģ¶뵽ӦԵķӡ̾
⵹ǣҶΣ衵۽ǱЦȻҪȥ̨ǽҹ߰ɡһ·Ų̫ȫҹﻹ·
һ⣬衲ƿЦ֣
Ǯһŵ㡣Ȼˣ˾ȥ衵ŵ㡣Ϻѵ϶ӣһ˷衽н鷿˹˵õĻ󣬰˳ҹɫˡ
ߵ¶ҶҲ֪Դ°ź壬ԼԺӵĴ־òʵŰѼżӹֲ̣ȥľ
ŶӼ˨ɡʱ˨С˨ͬںľһľͷŵǽϡϵµĺţЧطֹײҶҲԼоеˣԸ£ҲΣܶһʱ䡣
˵ɾ͸ɣܼ߽̿պҲһľĻҶδ¸˵ÿۣվ͸Ժżš
ͱҶθ㵽ˣҹܼҵԺͷʹ˶
ʲôҹԺͷ˵ĲҽŲҾͷڵҶźˡҶҹﱾ˯еšǰҹѵģһѵͿŽǽݡ
䲻ڰһ˫̵۸һ£ʶǶŪǸС󣬲ظðˣˣⶫ۾ôôˣ
ͷжҲҵơҶЦЦ㾯ĺܣҲĪš
ֶƳһ۵㣬ԭ˵һֱûСˡֹһ䣺²ǰɣ
Ҷû˵µİ
ĴۣҶβŻһѲСؿšҶñźС׼ţҶβųһ㣬ҹǲжǽ˯ҹʱ˽лҹ̫Ҳûҳ
˵ŻҶνѺӱݡһŵһŹӾȥԺԱߡ
ԺǽŪùߣվ涼ƲͷʲôΡҶԺһȦڶϽǵķλСذһ٣ȥͷ˸ӹǽϾͷһۡϲ֪ʱҲСĵطӣͷʲô
һӣԴƲģǽݽͷ޼иסȡβǸͷҲ˲޼ô
һ£ͷŪ˼ͦġ
ҶſǽͷһȦȷûбԺҶҶòŽԺŵ˨СƵͷ׵˼ۣſŵǸסǴĶðģݣһζͷ߰㣬ֱߵؤҲ˶١
㣬ؤҶôãǲҪˣ
Ҷһ£æһƵԺӺͷѰ˷һɫɷף촽߶µĺʲô
ҶҶ˾˸קϺȻŲ޼С
ⶫеýۿŶҪ˵ȹǸ顣˵˴ҹķǽʲôˣŪҲе㲻áҶüͷãܼҵԺԱߣ˵˻᲻Ǵפͳģ
⻰һڳļжһݡ
ϱ˵˳ǲȸŪ˵Ҷһ˵ģ˵ֶˡʵϸ룬סԺӶȽԶýֵҲһ롣ҪϵģúϴܼҲʵʣҲֻפӳ
ô죿µģŲô
Ҷĥһ£ȰϽԺӡȥפһˡ
פؾڸֻһ·Ҳ͵ͷҶú˸ϽԺӡ˸Ӱ˸ϣҶҲפصſڡ
ſڵڱҶˣæСǰ
ҶΰѼ¶˵ˣԭȰҶڱһ¡æɫƬ̣ȥʾ
ƺҶξôվѩ䣬ְӪء
ҶεƬ̣ͼСŹˡڱ˵ְһ飬Ҷϸ˵ˣͼɫһ䣬ɽǱȷʵ˲ˡЩӴ˶ڣӪڹڣ󰲶ɩĪţһˡ


59 
Ҷδ˻ĺܿ죬ͼ˵°һϳɩˣҴפˡȷʵǺɽǱӳˡ⼸ҾܾЩ̫ܲƽ
һ䣬ͼˡ
ôصһˣͼСƵһԼĪʧѪ࣬ʱѾ˹ȥͼߵԺűߣƳľ˨¡ŤͷһԺﰲСõҶΣĵܼСɩӻǸһˡ
Ҷβ֪룬á
£ҶõҶڵЩ嵱ڶšЩЧץӣΣգȻǿء鱻Ȼ˾͸ϽкڣѿȱĵطϡһŪһ߻ֹ֪Ӧö಼ЩǲȵĶӲ
Ҷ˾Цͼ˵Ļġ
פص׳ʲô£ôйѺӵӵʲôʱͣô˿סһɽΣδҲ̫ûˡ
ˣҶ̧ͷ˿ɫҹһҹû˯˵죬ʰþͶЪһЪ
ҶӦһСǾͻݡ
ҹ衲֪ʲôطԺͷ˺һšҹľţҲû˸Ҹȷ衣ҶŵŸš
Яһѩ֮ͷѶЩʲݡ
пҲûƺֻǵõϢҴҹһۡ˶ûʲô¶һķפӵһȺӡȺӸǱеϵöԸǷʲôŹֵԺǽתƣǧŽǽ
šҶǰӵ¶ʱȻ֣أôгȥô
ˣ·ͻȻкü֡פصıڹ˹ߣλþУ׳£ƽڼҲҪСġҲȷʵв£ҶһۡͳһҶС۳̵ذ׵ݸ
Ҷһ㶣ӹֺᡣ
ţذ׺ܷ衺ȻԴ㲻˱ֱӴ̹ȥӴڼƵļ㶼ɱŹغá
ҶΣ
˵꣬ӰʹҴʧҹĻ֮С
Ҷΰذһ֪ʱһѴԺŸˡǽվһ˫͵۾ںڰԵøĿҶ䲻Ƽһ顣æؾܻҶԴŲӲҶε֣ͷصһС
һоԺļһʱ伦Ľǻ˲ٽš
ϱŸ첲˲䣬Ͻ˴Сˡ
ɲǣҶҲ¡
Ҷηͦ˵ģŵݡ

ͬʱ衻صӪأǳҹߡ
ʵϣ衴˴ʵѲͻˣ׷˷˳㡣
ж߱ͻһ֧ӽ˿ʲܱߵĴ䡣ߵعϡׯׯ֮ʵͦԶ϶ѩĶȺ˲ðѩǰпܻڴླڡԼĪ߽꣬ս¡
ؽϵĹϵͳ͸ˣһʬλزֻ֪ͣȨܰٲ˵Щ¶ҲһֻƲפͷڧıΪһɢɳ
磬սһͻ˳ֱ룬ֱӽƵ˼ڡʧǳС£ʱͿ̿˷ǡ
ǰʹڹ˹ͼӪءͼ˿ƴçȴսʮֻһʲô紵ݶӦںɽǿ鿴صΣ˳ƻסܼҡ
ͼ衵İţǰĻҶһ䣺ɩм£ȥϸջݾ仰Ѱ˾
Ҷΰˡ
һѩҹģٶ趹
һĻмʶˣЩǴ̨һ··ϵˡѰˡ˳·˳ͽ˸ӴʱøϣϵĿջţûŵĵطŰ˸һܼҡ
һҶŵĲǷûɲ̫ˡ¾ֻаһڣĽΧҲɳ
ϺæϵĶ̧Сذ˺
ôͲżؽѷţҶοһ·۳Ͷ۵ĹǺͽϽЪϢϺҲȷʵ۵ĹǺ±㲻ͷأԻݵͷ˯¡ӿǰЩʱѾ̺ˣջá
Ҳ˵ϺһůĿжˣظмҶο嶡˵һļԺ˻ʵڿղӸס
ܼҾôӣİò¡
ҶЩΪѣӶסˣҲŲ
Ȼ
ģǶȥЪŰɣҳȥһˡ˵żӶӣ鷳ҲӹģȻøãǸǿյģҲáҰȥǸӰá
˵˿õˮɱⶬ̫ˣʲôûСݿûӰģǱߵĿûӵö
ӵȻǲѣܼԴ˿ҹ̵Ӷˡ
ҶŤͷݣϽõǼӰ˳һ˾뿪ܼҡ
޵⼸˸ʶˣҲƤëġӰʮʱʶĲ٣Ȼͻ෬չһ¡˰ҹɫֻܼҡܼ˨ضͦ鷳ģͼʡ¶뷭ԺǽԺǽƺҶװ壬ֻʵʵš
òһпţһ·ľĶҲϸ˵۳Ͷٵʮ٣Ҳܲסô˵㷹ӣݾ˯ˡ
ԭΪֻһգ˭֪ڶֿʼѩ
ѩ䣬ִּ󡣽޵Ҳû𴦿ȥҶߡҶβſ׳һǻˣЩ䡣˵˶Ǽйﶪˣܲ׷
Ҷһݣʲôʱ¶
⼸ա
ᵽ¶ҧгݣ޲ýЩӳƤιѾͷһǸѾ˿ʮʮ߰꣬СꡣģڼﶼܶЩûûŮô˼ҹǲǴ
ҼǹʮˣִϻֿΡķˣ꿪͸˵סȥͷϴһѣҲûؼҡ˵ԼŮ۾ˡ
ҶҲ֪ôοֻ˵ֵļʱϣš
ҲҵţôѩĳҲǿ¸ĸġҶԼŮӣިĸȺˣԼҲΣա
ţ˶еһϸ¶˵ˡ
ҶҶüţ˵Щǵвӵġ˵ԼҲôùײЩ¶ϸؽިá
ֹ˼գûʲô¡ӴҲûϾôÿնµͷȥ˭ûֵˡִû˭Ҷġһ·ģܼߵǽ
ĳյİҶƣԺͷ
Ժͷһ˵Ҵҵ˵һڶĿ֪ʲô£˵ЩСܼҵĵ죬ŶԺʲô¡
Ǹƺÿˣ˵ԼǶһּҴĴˣǻˡܼ߲Ҳû취ͷܼû˿ʮ꣬һһġϸ˶ˣ˵߶µŲ
ԥƬ̣ʵڿվȣͻǰŸˡ
ֻһϸ˶࣬üëһѩӡ˫ۺ͸һ֦ϾͼæȻԼôߣ߸ݵġҼҹѪͳǾͷ櫺ϲϵģǰЩʱҪ֬ûƼô
ûа˼ңϿżҡҡͷȻȥʣ
˵꣬ͷҶΡ
ҶʱնûţȻܼʲô櫡ҡҡͷ˼ʲôʱ򶪵ģôʱң
Ͳڣûؼҡϸ۾Щ죺أƼˣıһ㣬һ˫Ƶ۾ҲǾͷǰմúɫѣɫİ㡣ĺϲЦģɤҲҲûƼô
¶źɫҡҡͷ
ϸͿ޳Ǻޡû취룬ŮվͲˡҹһû˯ڼҹﰾ۾ҪϹˡס͸ͷĴϣͷڴﵽʡ
ûУҲţҼѵӴô
⻰һ˵Ҷεʱһݡ˵ϸ˵ǲǱӴߣ뵽ǰľ棬²ʮа˾ǵġ֪ô˵ֻ˵ȥפǱʡص֪ز£ȥñ٣Ҳû˹ܵġ
ϸĨԶˣҶοıӰʧ̾һ
ѩһ¾һ죬ڻ¡
ҹһϣҶκ޲˳ڿϡ̶ˣҪһ㣬һҶζȥż÷һںŷʳҶοĴѩ뵽ڱ衣ô汼Ҳ֪Ρ
ٵ磬ͷһӡ
ԺͷĶҶǽͷһۡפǱֳˣıӣɫʮء֪ܹˣפͷΧһȦ֪˵ʲôߴߴĺҪʲô·
ҶγڽԺﺰһ㡣
Ժͷһ춯һӰӽ˽ٶ죬ǽٴܵҶεߡżǳʲô£ͷôȻô֣
áԶҶҲûӦǳˡ
˵ܼҵԺžͱ˴ͷˡ
פǱ˲䷨Ѱ·˾;۵ܼҵԺǰ档ü˼壬溰ܲܽǽȥܱܷ磿
Ҷοһ˼ҶöҪվˣͽϿԺš
վŵļ˶Ѱ˵ġǼﶪ˹ģ˼켸ҹҲˣĶҪˡϰýһ˸һȲˮĵطЩʳǡǰЩӲأһءǼкӵģһѱһѵ˵ŶӵĻʵġ
ЩɥĵĹӣǸǧУ
Ҷû˵ֻòԾǹӲ񣬵ҲûôġʱղһҶӣǰͷɣĶŵӼĶӡҪ˹Ϊ֮ǾȺӱ˳ö֮פصı
ôôأҶеԼĸоɢĸо
Ҷôһ˵￩һ¡
ȻҲ֣ͷʢ˵ϡ档ҶҶ˵ÿضǸһʱնһû춪ġ⼸ţפʻģ¶ģʮ˼ҡ絽նҪһ
ܲפͷʲôɣ
ҶãȥҲҪҲû˭ɵøҶ˵
ܼܷЩϸһСӵġ˵ǸӿΧס˺ЩˣǻˡҶԺµĴȥЩǺǳЩЩˮǳȥ
פſھۼЩѯ޹Ҳһһɢˡ
ͷ̫ң⼸գܼҵԺӾûٿҼ͹ʳһ춼ġҲóԶţȥ
Ǽſ¯ҲҪò𣬲յЩ졣
ӶǹŵġٽʱʱϸҶô￡ӳȥ𣬼ﶼǹŵġĥͷͶЩܶռգҲʡÿճҲһأͷһͳˡ
ϱһصңָƨɺͷިˡިҶúҲûлҶαʱˣʧ̬ؽл͸Ͻ
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ɫɷף־ͳ嵽ͷȥިˡŻţһת˾ûިҵި
ĪţĪšҶʶףȥһѵϵͳԺӡ
ԺͷӭͷͿҶüҴҵܹ㣬㣡죡
ҶĲһأͺҸղƼˣһˣһ˵˱ިܣ׷ϣǱߵķˣ㣡
Ҷﻹ˵ϣԼϽȥˡ
죬ȥĽ򣡡
ҶҲóȻ׷ȺжˣǲŻðѵҲһ˳ȥѾˣứһˣӶԼȵġҶҲûհοؼϺ⳵
ȿ϶׷ϣܵÿ죺ڲڣ壡
ϺںԺҲܹһ˵ިˣϽѳϡҶָʹϸϽȥһިƽѣ㣡¶鲻ã
ʱãǴѩɽģͨ㡣ֻҪûôһҲ̫ܲԶҲҶҪިӱӿ죬ûѾȥȡһިƽѡҶõѾʹһ㣡
ܳҶξͰ쵽棺죬ȥһ¡˳ζң
Ҳҧި˼£ವһʹܳԺӡҶοǼ˵ӣָ֪ҲУȥפʣܲͼ˵һҵÿһЩоȡ
Ҷ侲صҲܲ˶Զο˻ﱧŸӡô̶һʱ϶ڸʱǲǻ¡
ҶҲ׾еţ㣬ȥˡ
ȥ
ҶֻðŹȥȥҶҲûķӣȻزҶþ⳵ϺѾܺ˳Ժͷţ㾡ȥפʵڲУȥջݾ仰๫ǱյϢ
Ҷһ๫ǱߣϸѡһĨȥˡ
⳵һϣϺųͷߡѾ˸ûӰҶοŵϵĽӡ׷ҲÿҶãôҵѩﻹܿĽӡ
׷Žӡɣ衵ɣһ֧Ĵ̶ӸΧˡһ̶ʮȫѺ˳Ⱥ˶˼ѵ㡣Ⱥһ˵Ĵ磬ѺϴĲҶ˿Ϊɾࡣȳ²ֵĴ̽Ϣڻͻʲ˵١
פضʧĲͼûҵǰ׷ȴץ˳顣鱻˾ʱ˯ţ¾ȡ
˶һĴ帾ң˭Ҳ벻ͨͨĴӣȻǸҤӴ塣
ﲻԣϲԳرͷе潼˶ֶ໷ӦоС۵ġ۵ģɫ۾Ůӣ຺òŮӡŮ·ŵִ󵨣·ܴǸϳѡ
û뵽ȻôһšһСطȻ˼͡
׷ûסϾŮٵĴӲټų̵Եʣ׳ˡ˸ڷֽû·Ӹ
ǰ衴׷飬ɣϺü֬ˮӡҪļɣҪСһ㣬߰˸ӡҪʵȶҪٵöࡣʹ֬ˮӲ֪ʮ־ˡ¾ùֲ֣ңʳһϼƾզࡣ
ɣȶ򷱻Ҳǿôࡣ
ɣǱװ׻һ׻׳
ûݾߣڴͷ˼աȻϾ͸ȵһȺˡҹ˰⼸ӸΧˡͷŮȫ£ĳЩԭҲɱ˲ˡ
߲ſסˣ߾Ǳ߾ͳˡһ֧ͻʱϮߣɱ
衵ʱʶԣѴӵͰгûӴܵģȫնɱšҹһձһվաԽԽΣڹ˹Ǳ߶ס˳ߵ֡
˶ˣ衾ͿסЩˣֵֻһؾӪΡ
ͻȥ֮ǰһܵŲ飬μɵģɫȫص㿴Ѻղ֪飬߽սһǱ㿪ʼҡ
Ҳ˵æϾϺ⳵׷ŽӡӾͽһӡ
פزرԶԼĪжʮ·⳵ܹҲͰʱӵ˴ӸͿӡˡ·ڵĻѩɨ߰㣬ͷкܶţĽӡҶſڳƲץ
㣬Ҳˡ
£פǱߵ˹ҶεǳȻûӡǣǰͷһӣ˾ֻˣҲǱûС
ԼĪһӣ˹ˡ
ǰˡ
ϵܼҵ⳵óšϺŤͷһۣǰʱͷҶνԴŽ˳ô¡
Ӧˡţҽȥơ
˵꣬Ϣ˳
οѩеĲǣգۼʧˡ
ҶθҶõȵĽۿʱһһȥҲͦģû᲻ӱĵطߡô죬ͷȻϺȵһ
ҶһʶֽУ˵
Ƭ̣ͷצŵϺſ˵ңˡ
Ҷæſһ죬˶ͷôﻹһžһҶεĸǰҶƳһۣԱߵҶþ㣬ިЬӣ
ҶĿһݡ
ҧҶε°³λڴӵĴβֵķҶ˳ķ򿴹ȥһҿСԺӡǵķ򿴹ȥǸԺӵŹصýģòʲôͬ
ҶõǿԺŮϴˢ
˻ۻ
㣬Ȼȥڴת˺üȦһûв׵ġžΣɴۻȥһ½˹Ҷš
Ҷô˵ѵгި׷ŵóިλá
һ۾ðˡȻϵõ㣬֪Ҷڼıͷ͵ǽѵ⣬Ȼȥţе˹
ҶҲ֪ԼﲻæϺϳǻȥ
һߣŵֽǸӡҼһèü˼ҵԺŶŵġǽߣ˾ôͣһ˼ҡ⻧˼ԺվһĸŮģѪͳģЩ
վſڣĸŮ֮еŮ棬˭
Цһ£װ·Щڿʵӣ˵ԼһˮȣɣǱ߹ġԭҪȥѺɣӡ±Ǳ˻ӵģ֪Դӡ˼ҷĻܲܽҽȥܱܷ磿
˵ţ˺ø磬ɤʼˡ
Ůüͷߵķ衣ǸЩŰֻһ˾ûô䱸ˡſ˸죬Ƽһ˲šǸ۾Ѫͳǻͦ񡣶ʱͷŤͷһڣɡ
лظԺӡ۾ԺһɨǸͨũԺӡͰͷ
ŮѵüôεӣһЦǹʱһ
ͬʱ⳵صפߡ
Ѿ˼ңͷĲӬƵԺתͷ⳵ͼæšȻҶǻûިðƵʣިأƼˣ׷ȥû׷ô
׷һ˹ǲؽȥˡ
ҶοɫãƺҪѩӣﰲһЩѩͺãǴѩ··ʱܲԶͷţפǱô
ûǹƽҵǰЩʱפѰ¸ˣû˵仰ͰҴ򷢻ᵽĻţʱǺ޲Լơ֪£ͲިԺȥԸ񲻳ô
ҶεҲסϺȥһˡ
衸ϵķʽذ⳵ϺȥջȥҲҿڵģҶξȥƹһ仰ƹȻϵҶΣҵͳȥҶͷתһȦֻפأӪصſھֱҰͼ
ڱΪѵص쳤ȥˡżͽмֹ
˵꣬˸ıҶθ˵˴ӵλãԼǸӵλáԼܼҵϢͽϺ˹ȥ
ͬʱ£ǹͷ˵˻˵ʲô塣ȹãǹǺŵġ
ü˾䣺пڣ
ǹﱻʵĲ˼ҪǰƤҲͦϲã˵Ż̲ס࿴ۡڣ͵ͷӦˣҲͷģ·ּҴ塣ԭǱ߹̵ˣѩߣա
ԭˡһ䣺ˣ
ǹﾪȵصɴ۾ƺְô֪Ǻˡת˲ˣ˵ԭǱ߹̵ˣȻǺˡ
˵Żǽкϸ΢졣һ䣺оĸŮôôزˣ
ȥˡǹʵϣҲȥˡ
Цһͷ
ѩ£ͷܿĸŮ˵Ϊϰ˵ȷʵͦţȷʵˡǸ˴򽻵ˣô˵ġҲʲôģ˵ᡣ
һǽڽٴܳһɫӰӡ
ӰӶܿ죬վӰӵķ׷ȥͿವһһҧڳڴӺ߳һϸ˵ĲϡαһҪһȦֹһȥϸ˻ûʼͱҧ
һϽȥʬϵһߡζȻִܵһȥ
׷ȥǽϻվһˡǸͷϸһûͿһϸ˵Ĳҧˡһ²ԣŤͷҪܡ
˦צӾ׷˹ȥӺͷһҧסͷ
ͷһҽУſڴ󺰡Ʋԣӱ׷ȥ͸˵Ĳӡͷ˷ֶԣͿһһѾɱˡͷ޴ſѪڣضǡ
Ϊ׵ļлṦģʶܡ
㽫˺ݺһ˦ȥҧһκܿ͸ȥĵģһȥֺݡʱģʮֵľ㤣·ɱ˸׼Ѽ޲ͬӹðѪгŵöԺˡ
ιȣһҧ㲻֪ʱһҧ˵ĸ޴Ȼˣҧǿݺһ©һء
Ȼҧ˵ĹУ˵ͬҲ͡һֻǣӲŵʣ˲ս˳ӡ
ͷ֪˺£һСԭӵ˼СһĻŵõһƨϣָڸ˲İѪǶµ˵߳һӣῡһаֱֱǸǹ߹ȥ
ۿžҪңԺͷȻһ⳵⳵һͣ䡣
˴Ҵطǽ
ԺȻ˲ˣһʹӸǹԼʶ鲻ˣԭŰɱˣǸˡ׼Щ߶㡣ȿǽ˸ַ͸ϰ塯˴ʱһ亹ð
⣬⡭
ŮĸڷֲԾŲ˵һԼҹﱻһŲӶʱһ亹ֺֿõһҿŵһ𻰶˵ǸЮŮǼҽ޵ˡ
Ǹʲôϰ塯һ²ԣŤͷܡϰ˲ͬʮ߰˵͡òȷʵˣһһӡ
ԺһšȺӻһ㣬ƺǽˣܲˡջɽÿ죬ż˳ͻٽ˸ˣӰ˶ˡҧղųһ뺰һһŤͷֵ㲻ˡ
ղ׷Ǹ˳ȥˡǸȵĹĨ˵һ䡣ǹһϵѪڵɬɬķĸ׵ɫҲʮѿ˴ʱЩ¡
ǻûȻڣԺͷˡ
ŤͷȻŷ￴һӰӰ´µӰڻΡɽҪᵶȥ˺ȻƿŽͨһڵϡǸ޵ñһѵϸˡ
˹ڵϾͿʼޣ࣬ﱻ˷ץҲû취Ÿ˷пιңءԲסĶԲסû취ǲȺ˴ץһӵĹһĲѴСѶûѩһͣǾҪˣҪŮŲѡû취
ɽҲûհһϸˣָʹµԺӡ˿β²⣺ͷӣǲפӵ
áɽûпǡ
ô죿ץפػô˵ɽڸյϢ׷ٶҲܿ죬ɱ˸йƵģҪͻפػѺ˾Ǳߡ
Ѻȥפصڹûץͻȥֻᱻų˾ᡣ
ɽƼԺͷŵϺʹӶһСɰϺУֵԵġ
˵꣬˾ȥӡ
Ժһͨѳʮҡܶ඼Ǳ嶪ģ˻ûͳȥިһȦûš
ЩżҲȥ͸פصȺѴ䡣󲿷ֲҵؽĹﶼȥˣިȴҲšڷǷĸ˵ĻǼ٣ϻһŮɽ룬ϸҲȥ
ܼ߿죬Ͽ޵öҪϹˡ
ҶԺＱֱת֮ҶԺͷжŵOO@@ģҶһ˾䣺ǵ𣿡
ͷȻһǺ~
ҶæԺšͿҹĻ֮£һѪһһµѪſڡļһ˵ССצӾŵ㲱ϵëֻ̤ҹɫϢؽԺӣ϶ɵˣǱϵСǿЦ
͵˹СͲסͷިҵިһˡ
Ҷñ󺧵ð첻֪˵ʲôһ߿ŵ㣬δⶫôɿҶҲЩǰȥСިûأŵëɡð챻ϸţ۵һ޳
һޣϾ͸ſޡһ޵ذҶεĴԴͷ˲ԴϵëëߣιóԵģ
Ȼҧˣǲ⡣Ҷô˵˵һ˦ԴҶȥˡ
Ҷθιһ⡣ҶʱźӴިͻҲǸ˵òСͷԺƣûƼӰʱЩż㣬û
ҶοգѾˡѩûͣ
ûϺҲûءѾŻ˵ިݣҶȥˮһСϴ裬ҹúú˯һúܶࡣһڣֿʼ˴ѩѩһµأԺɨĻѩֶˡ
ҶμȰԺӸ˩ϣȽٿ
Ҷſ˺һҶιǵҵިôԻǹƻңŻ£ҵȵȿ


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û뵽ǻͦԵġ
СȻԡҶ֪ƽ£һľͷعƤӵ°˸ߣίʵŵ˲ˡҶ˷ֻץŮӣҲǾľۼҺСܳȥܡȻһ˿ָҲ¡
⻰˵ģһЦ鶼ûˣĬ˺ðΡ
ҹģ˼ӾͶû˯ѾҶ˵һ顣ϸ˵˷ӣпŮӽȥץһ£ӶĬ
ĿھĨᣬ˷ǹⱻģǳ˹
Ǻͷôã
һܹʮˣȴ˵ͱɽִֻ֮һˣǺ׷Ҳû׷ϡɽԺѵЩңȫҹͻȥˡֻ˵вٹﱻϡϸ˵Ŀһӵˡ
Ϻ޵ֱҧѻͷƵˣ˱ˣ
ҶγãǾȥջ衵ݾ仰һһ룬ģЩ¶ǵطûйҲָ˭һ޸֮Ůӣ˵Լȥȣֻ˵֪˾;һౡ֮
ȺյŮ˴ܻܲȣ͵ǵˡ
¶ڵ˲ŶȥЪϢˡϺ߲˵һҹû˯Ȼ˯ġҶҲ˯磬ͱҧס䡣
˵˷ӱˣҶλЩҳȥֻ㲻ͣҧҶҲֻܸųӡȵԺһֱͣſţҶԥƬ̿šѩһڵϡϵãЩֵֹġ
ҶβϵˣȻһ˸ϽԺӣ֪ʱҶҲˡ۾ߵЩʲôͷҲ
㣬˭Ҷÿӡҧô
Ҷһ㶣ƳһۣȻӡ
ǵҧģҶξͲò¿ˡҶģҧˡҧˣǱض˲ơѵҹӵǸ˷ӣ
㣬ɱôҶſھɱҶƳһۡ
Сô£ſڱտڵôˣҪôȥջҪôҸⶢš˹˴ߡ
Ҷȥһӳ԰˸ˡ
Ҷöܿ죬˰ֱȥˡ衵Ҳܿ죬Ҳˣ䡣
˵ި˹ӵĶֱ֣ӰŪˡ˲ˣǸϰ塯һƻĺܣץʱϰϰһʧѪࡣ˻ģһļ˸ˡ
һҹѩ֮ӭһ졣
Ҫȥһ̨⼸µǲִ˲ƤëҪȥ̨һ׮½һ׮¶ģγžʹ޶ϡ
ܳ⻹أҶüͬϹ֣ӻ̣Ҳ·ϳ¶
ƶصµġ
һţǾҶҪҪһȥ̨
Ҷһ㶣ȥѩ췽ô
Ц÷·һ˵ô㣿;Ⱥɱˣ˷Ҳѡ߶ִ̣ȥָ̨ڼҰȣҲһȥ
һ·ҲҪѺһˣΪ˱˶ĿȻеͷźáһĨĹ⣬ʱЦ˵һһߣϵ£һ·ȥ̨סա̨ǱҲֵĽ
˲ˣިһأ϶ᣬҾţҲȥ
ϲȥҶõȥʶʶһЩ۰Ͱ͵ĿšҶο˵ֵֹģ²òǴڻɣ
ע⵽ҶεĿ⣬Ц޹
ߵ⼸նûѩ
̨ȼСҪöࡣֺڽֵߵ̶šͷѩдУڵ·ϵĻѩøɸɾҶȥ趹һҵˡֹһң趹ġ
Ҷ߲ż趹ѾһȥȻԺѡ
͵ڣʹһʧˡҶĵȻֻ֪Ű˴ϢټϣѡõһԤȥ
˼סڳϵĽ⡣趹Ʒڳʮпڱģ˵ϴЧǳáڴ󲿷ְõľҵ趹
ǸͥһȫæĻĸͽġ趹ʱԭѧģ˱߾ʢ˸ҵ趹ζЩŹ⣬˵зǳǿЧ
趹ãЩԭĴ̻Ҳ
ŵǸҡʮָúܺڣüмеѪͳҲʮָߡſ´һȦҶΣԼĪҶ͸ͬΪŮӣ˼ֺͻ
Ҷռ˼׳СżҶΪӣЦſڣЩɡ
Ȼûѩ䡣紵ۡ
ҶЯһѩ֮ݣԺӶǴסǹҶһߡҲǴףζҲ֪ʲô
һһξ룬һͣ¡ǹǴˣ˾ͷȥͷżˣΪ׵һʮˡԱżӣģһˡҶ߽ȥǼ˾վΪ׵ĿһȺɨɨЦ
ͷʱѾ˽ҶδеĿĸ֪ǡʱˣҲҲȦӣżɽҶҪ趹
ɷȿҶ˵һңȴͶҵĻ˶˵õģ϶ж֮ȴһۺϸʺϵġ
Ҳ飬ȥãҼҵ趹ʮ֡ͺʹСҲЧе趹ʺϴϴֽţеȥЧǿЩʺϴѡеƷβЩ۸ͻࡣõһ֣һҪһӣϵġ˵ģʮһ
Ҷεͷ׵Ķӽ趹Ʒùһһ
׽жӶһˮҶԿ
ҶҲʹƷβһЩ趹ȥ۵ЧҲһһ趹Ҷõᣬһصζ˵ϴ֣ȻһرֵЧϸ΢Ĳֻùܸо

׶Լҵ趹رԺЦˣȻǹС϶ŸҪۡ
Ҷȴûҵ趹ȷʵеǻңܵ˱ȽѡҶν趹ļ۸͹Чѯֱ˵պһˡ
Ҳǳ̻򽻵ģҲżֻؽҶͳȥ
գҶν̨ļ趹˸顣ȥң˵ʵܰȻҲԼĳǸһұ׻вࡣҪҵ˼ŲǸģ̸粽áһҶȥˣ˸ŸǼ˼Ҿ˵¹ҪŻһȽϣѡ˵һҡ
ҶҲĥߴˣպһȥռǴ˴γĿģΪ˶һȶĹӦ̡Ǣ̸ĺ𲽣Ȼء
ҲʵϣȻǳںҲΪǵӬͷСҶִ
ôһϼƣҶξ͸ǩ˸趹Ӧ顣˸ص֤ˣ˫ǩֻѺ¶ôˡ׵ҲеģΪʮִ󷽡ҶʮϲǸ趹СҶԸá
Ҷξϲˣɴظ׶顣
ȥ֮ǰֶһ趹ǵõģҶν˴ָ趹»ûǰˡȻļǡ
壬ǽװϳҶûżͻأŰȥ򳵣ѻȥջʱ˸š
æһֺȻˣû뿪һµظҶεߡ
ڽϹ䡣ֻ̨гʳӣׯ巻ӣ֬ˮӣʯֻӡͷ䵽βӦоСҶȥ֬ӣ֬СطǿˣɫҲǼ֬һ㣬ʵҲɫͦ㣬۸Ҳܹһп֬ӣ۸ҲҪĳڡҶ֪֬ĳɷ֣ò˵ĸױǱҵ
ǣ̨ⲢЩӣ˵ͷ̨ѣͷĻǴ󶼶ͷáҹҹͥ˭ҽȥ¡
ȥ̨ľ¥ѵóһٺõġӵջԡҶһ˵һҪʮھⲻü㣬զûĺóأֵۣ
ҶҲʵصͷûúãĸ
ҪԺˣ¥ָҵ⻹ҪáҶȡҶγΪܼף˵Ҳе
ûвͽ˵ֻһͷԡ
Ӫĳʳǵι󲻲ˡʳ˶ɤӣҲ÷ţɰͰ͵ġÿŪĳʳҲӣȸ⿴سʳ˵Ǿĥ
ҶεûҪ¥Ҳǲܿ϶ֻӣ󣬾ͻ磺°Ѳ˶ĥ͸ˣгԹ˶ԣǾ͸ۼҲгʳ⣬ҲǲС
ǿ˵ð㣡Ҷ۾һҿɰ⻰ˡ
ü˵ЦأԱ߸һӺȻʹһ䲻ôĻͷСҼҵĿôô극͸ҿڱյúã
Ҷνһ㶣Ϊ˵ˣҲûܡ
ǲᣬ˵ĻȴԽĲʶȤ
ҶεЦһ͸ıɴȥĸˣһԲĿ⴩翴һҲ֪ʲôˣģͶͦġԲվУɫǺܺÿ
ҶҶҶΡ
Ҷüͷ塣
۾ﻹŷûҲÿ˵
ǻʮһٱطʶģϾһ̨Ҷξ˳Ե㵱ʳʱ˵˽ԼŸ˱ǣû뵽˲
ǲ˵Ǳ˷ŲˣСô˵ˣŲڮĲóԣ
ҶֱˡóԾǺóԣóԾǲóԡݲ˵
ҶЩͱ˵̬ȸŵˡҶõӸСžһѿӶȥְ߬첻֪ô졣Ҷɫһ
鷳ʹߡǱ߾߳һСͯģӦǸѧͽţҶûסһ䣺ôʳͻǮԷζһ㣬˵һ䶼ɣļҵĹү˰Ե
λ˵ЦˣǰԵˡ
һ˵һ۾סƳŵļˡͷţģǲܣʳ˵пϣǳӵղн
ҶһƳּͷϾؿš
ȴһ죺ҿ㲢ҪпϵԸＸʳ͸ʵŰɣ
һǳΣŭˣĶС˵˵
ҿҲˣҲûϸÿԽĨԽڡ佫Ҷνü˫ֱصǰͷһơ
ĸߴվֱ˸߳һءϻ˵鲻Ƶʮˡ
С˵ô飬ǱȱȿҪòװѱͥǾ׼һٲˣһΪʦҲӣͿڲԵص
⻰һ˵˫һ㶡
Ҷεɴ۾ָָָָҶãʦǿЦ
ôбڮٱˣһ˵ԾͲˣԼĪҲԼ⻰˵ϡ棬һͺ˵ʱڵղȥȻǹŲӸ⡣
Ҷβ֪˵ʲôֻĸо
ҶҶöЩɵˣҶεקҶεӡ
ЦһǷǵֲͣҲǲܱȡͽͷ⼸ãýüǸлð㡣ȲСǵǸһٷҲǮΣ
ͷϡ
Ȼ˱ǿ׳죬ĺܣ̨ϵĻʮꡣ̨ĴСùŸҿͷϴ
˵ȻıȡⱾǸ¥¥ȥͷȥһܴͷ̨ĸÿ̨֡¥ĺ참ʦúܡ¸һϼƣһȥ
ҼҲ̨æ뱲ӵˣһֺóաҲţɴͷ֧һӡ
ҶվǰЩ£۰Ͱ͵ؿҶΡ
ҶεûµģҶ츳Ҷͷóĺá䶢Ҷ˻شյҶζ˵ãزȥ
֪ҶóԵģһռնš
áҶοһۣû뵽仹ô¶ӣıҺá
üͷ
ҶҲø˵͸Ҷõڼôʱô
ҶԴҶߣʲô¶ˡҪǵСЩˣҪƵҶͲеɵ󵨵ģԷǳǿֻҪм˸ʲôҸɡҶζô˵ˣɴһ˲˵
ˣûʳģȻõľ¥ġҲһġһˡǺ참ʦóı⣬¾һʵѵض
ҶҲˣܼҿ˵ġڵģ̿ڵģģģ
ѶĹҶźԼû֪ԶٷҪ˱ԣȻѼﳣõ϶ϡôţǸǳһ⡣ƽѹҶε츳ʱֵرĿһ⣬ǲʱҶҪȳ㡣
ۣûζһӣ͸˻شǳӻЩţԸһں촽ˡ˵ˡ
ͷʦĻҲ˵ˡλǳҲҶνǸ˵
ôһҶγԷ¶ûˡԤһֱӻȥ
ںͷ˫ɾ꣬˼Ҷ⡣һڣüͷֱӾɢˡûע⣬һںͷԵı໶ҶãǸ˭ѧġҶ˵û˭ѧѧģ⻰һ˵Цݾ͸ˡ
һҶöˡ
Ҷգգ۾ȵؿҶκҶáҶµģҶε򶨡οȻƳҶǸӣͽ¾Ͱ𻰣ʮ꣬ʲˡ
ŶǿᵽȻ֪˵ǿͻʹء
Ҷһ㶡
и˼ҵļǴ󶼶µ˾Ǳ²ܣʵǱ߶е紵ݶ߶áùܣװơֻҪⲻأûˣһ㶼ֻ۱ֻ۵ġ
˵⻰ҲϹ˵ҲȥˣߴͦáȵǱսٻȥҲȫСͦ츳ģûʦ̣ʦѧ
仰۾ȻҶõġ
Ҷգ۾ҶΡ
Ҷüͷ˵꣬û뵽
ͽô
ӣЦеصͷͦáҼ겻󣬵ʹģģͦá
õĵȷʵҶκáҶοͷƳƳҶáҪǶ˭ûóһٷͱ˹ˡҶƳͷСպǹԱ߳⡣öͦ棬Ʋ
Ƭ̣ҶŤͷҶãô룿
㣬۹ãġҶ֪ԼʶǳҶεжϡ
ӵġҸýֻǴ̨¶ձҪؼˡģﻹ˺ӵţҲ˵⡣Ҷ˼Ƭ̣õߵַ꿪ҽ̨ѰΣ
ûش𣬷Ҷһ䣺ѧģô˵Ҳʲôˣ
ҲеģҾͻᵷĵСȲӡҶڰ֣Ц˴Се̰ƽû¾ͰڼҵĵóԵ졣Ҫ۳գǲеġͬĲˣľǱҺóԡ
ͷͷקһӣݸҶãţ꿪ξѰҡ
⻰һ˵ҶξˣǺͷ۾ɨ
ͷЦеı֣к˼Сͷôˡ
Ҷã۾ɨҶǸӡҶüҶδѶݵҶҶοһۣӵһС׭䲻֪ʱҲչ۾ĺݣҲǸ˼Ƭ̣üͷѵҶξ
ңҶֻפм٣̨治ã˭
û˭Ƴõζ촽֭Цһãӵ˵ڹ˹Ҹȥˣٵ˹пܾҡҪҵģǡ
ҶεĺȻˣӻҶãպãȥŪŹҲϰɡ
ҶȻ˭ҲξǸʲôְῴɫҶθɫ֪ͦҪµͷ˻ҶЩĽҲ޻˵
صջѾʰĲࡣͷƤëҲѾˡ
̡
գ콫Ѿͷˡ趹࣬⳵Ͽ϶ǷŲ¡ȻùǴ̨͵Ҳ̫ԶˣҶĥŸɴðļ˶ϳͽ˸ϳ
Ҳ̫żߵȱС
һ·϶ûѩûҰޣ˲ӵˡЩ˼Ҷһ˸ǿ׳£ߡ
·ߣҲˡѾϣҶ˵һ뿪ˡ
ǻʱɫ磬Ҷθսݾͱϸڻ
Ҷβڵ⼸գ˾šѧˣšͷǼһɵǲãߵĵڶפؾͳˣ˵פץ˸ͻʵĴͻ˹ǽصúĶӶˣפȺץ̿ץˣڵӼҼұ˭ҳˣ
ץͻʵĴҶĵżգץڹˡ
ӦòǣǱˡ
ŶʰֲڣҲڡҶŪһԺӵ壬Ҫ߸壬ҹƶ˯žǱִˣפصıȥöܻܵڵĻ̡̻
ǻһ֡ûʲôҪ¾ҲϿԺš
Ϻ趹˽ȥҶһȥ˴ĵط˿ָֻԭ
ؽﶼвˣǰЩʱڵʱһ˴Ǯ˲١ҶβڵʱϾ͵üûҶΣϵһֱûжʱҶεƨɺͷ˵Ҳ˲١ҲỵˡۺԺܲݿܳԣóȥ򡣡
ҲţҶ⻻ѣȫˣҲˡ
Ȼһֱûߣ·Ͽգûʲô¶ɣ
һ·û£¶ҲˡҶ˵ڼʱû°ɣިأɻ岻أ
ϵͷѾˡ
ϱ˵껰ҶҲˡղȥ˵˻Ҷøɴཫˡò߶ŹϳЦЦſڵ㣬ҷפͷڳˣǵȥıˣ
Ҷûȥ治á
ǰɣﶢפصĶǿˣפбŽİĵ̾˿Ҳʰʱ
˳ȥ˷ҶΰѴ趹װפǱżյĴ󶯾Ƿ˺£ƺһ˴Ӷߵˡ
ͷܼ߾ûôšިúܽƽûʲô¼šÿĥĥۣ˾ʣ￾𣬿ӳԡ
Щ˽פأƽ˳
ʮ³һҹġĵ죬һӡЩˣҲոɾࡣʱһֱⱼģԵĶˡ
ҶεʱڿˣоһϮ̧Ͷ۾
һЦеˣˡ
衣


61 
ЩΪץǰͻ̽Ӻ͹һֱѩȥҲñѩ˴üʲݡվڿϣϻЩĺסղϴԸζվҶ̫
ĿԣԼաʱҶεеġ
ˮԼȥᡣҶ˵һֵͷˡ
衲۾ĬĬȥһ׸ɾѣȥ˸ڡǱӿճҶξǱ߷һԡͰˮرڼҵʱǲæҶҹﶼݡȥһͰˮȥϴ֮ǰһҶΡ
ӰҶεϣ˵ҶΣ
ûпԽҶȥױ̨һҶγõӡͷһҶΣˡ
ҶΣ
ƽϴܿ죬һϴ˰ʱЯһˮͷҲϸϴںβīʪյصˮˮ˳ŷ˿Ⱦʪ£ʵˮϡƻչȥһ͸ܿԽݵκļ
Ҳ֪ǲ仹ôΣӲôһ鲼߽
衽ǲӴڼϣûãϾһ¡ϡ羱۵ķˮЧʵ̫ǿǿط棬ûһʪһ顣˲Ҳʲݣ̲ġţŨܵ۽·Ⱦһڡ
Ҷοһۣͷ˱̲ס̧ͷһۡ˻ǲģжˣھ֮˷пĶ
Ҷǿְ֢ͷǼ㲻İ
̧ĵƳҶһۡ
Ҷʵܲ˱¿ЬӾվһѶĲӣұȻ֣ע⵽һֻҲжˡ찡ǣȫҶϲ˫ˣȻ˶
üͷͷ£󣬳ķѹó֡
Ҷߣϸؽʸͷֲ˲մȾˮק˾ʵ㣬˷ǳĺܣһ׼㻻ˡ
衣ļٵģ
˲ůľǲǶ䡣ҶοڿȻ̲סۿԼȵλáˣȥ϶ȵģȻģҿûôнڲ١
ЦһͷҶοⲻǺŵӣתͷȥױ̨һƿ滨ࡣ
ԭ滨ҩӣζСڡֻ˵۷ЧҶε˪˵ʱͿŲԣЧʮˡҶ顣ĺĴ紵ţˮû
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ƻˣ衴ҶοǸƿӣСĴָ湴һ͸ĸӳ̧־Ĩȥһ㶣ĸоҲû۽޵ʹһգգضҶΣҶָָҩȦĨ
һɵ滨ڿɢҶִƿﹴһתǱ
衲֪Ϊǻǿ·ʲôסˣһζ۽޲˲ƫҶֹ˹ǣ˵׶߰
㣬ҲŪ
ر˳ظյĺܽҶεļ羱ҶεĶûסе㷢ȡ̣û¶ʲôֵıһס˵°ͣţһָָȦ࿪ڼ衶һʩΪӡ
ҶΣ˳
ĨĲ࣬ҶβŰҩӵݸ۾ֻ֣°Ͱ˰ŬڲԼõ֣ԼĨɡ
΢ĿתһȦֽӹҩࡣ
޳ָǽڴȻеۺ졣ƿһΣѧҶεССĴָ˵ҩĨֱϣⶫô
ûãٿҶû֪ܱʲôͿá
Ҳû˵ĬĬزֻ֣ʣµҩĨȡǽҹӵſ˹һһʮֺÿ衿Ĩ֣ʵ۽һֱעҶΡۼطҶδӷſʼĿû뿪֡üͷ΢΢£ɫҩַŻԭλ
ٻƿɵҶεߡ
ҶεʵҲĲ࣬׼ʰŤͷԱ۾ڷ٣컵ſ͸һֱ׳ƫˡ
ˣôˣ
û㵲ȥˡȻе㲻ϰߣҶξԼĲؽƽߣԼɫǻ衣
衣
һҹ޻
ѵûѣʱ̫ۣԼҶϤϢġһҹ衶ûۡ˯ɹͣһ˻
ϴóＸںࡣ
衻һ
ۿȿȿȡ˵֪ҹģ̫ĸҲû˵ûˡȻǲ֪ŪģƳϵЩĶ¾һ˵ʰôŪˣæҲע̭
衣
׶ӣһˣ϶ô˵
ʶؽĿŲ϶Ҷϡһˣ߾ҶκҶáҶΪ¶Щ˼ҶÿȥбͨĴͱҶӵģøϸζȻǺ㡣
ĿɨʱҶĬĬرܿˡ
衵۾Σյһ¡
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ʵǣˣһؿڣίǻŵǹʯĳûܼסˡ
뿴ˣ߻ô
ԼԽԽȥΪ¶ŻġҶŮôôʵŤͷƳױ̨ϷһСӣաϵĶȷʵЩѿҹҶθĨҩӺеЧƤĵطˣеס
ȻĨĨǸӣ
衲ڼЪͷкЩҪæǱߵսʱǿסˡڹ˹ǱÿڼҴѾǼޣһ磬ǸӾֻӪء
ϵʱԺɨѩŸӾһ䣺ͷʲô
ЦЦûʲôפصġ
ӵĴСҲһ߳һ߸һ߿ӡôװʲôôأӴѩ߹ӵķ϶©˵㶫ģ䵽Ͼһӡ߹ȥƳһۣʱһ⡣
ѪܲͷװͷɣϽͷ˦æɨȥ
˺ЩӣЩסˡѰ˸еӣҶ˵
Դʮÿ궬նҪƤëġϰˣ˼ھŪԽԽأֵҶߵûⲻҶͷǲҪܣһʡ
ҶԭûЪҵû취һ£Ҳø̼ȥˡ
ȥаţҶ֪˵ģж˲ȥ̼һ˿
Ȼ¶㣬Źһóȥһˡ
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ûб½ܵĻ߾ܿճʱԴϻ̸Ժ˽ˡЩ²Ҷϸ˵ָտһ¡
ܼסźúõģ㲻õġ
ͷ֪Щʲôʰһ뿪ˡ

ԽǿأЩġҶʰ飬ɴȥҶŪԡ
ˣֲܳŸɻ趹ĥҲżŮèڼû¸ȻĥóԵġҶþˣߺûֳԷ
ҶԤ꿪ȥʦѧգѧһ㣬Ҳܸڻͨ
ҲѣûϺзֻĻڶġļҲûж٣ʱעˮȷһӣгСӸˡڶҶŪڶҪһҧ֭ģʱͷˮ
ҶμǱߵЩ΢ģнĭν͵ȶӽȥٲҪʡȥͻͣڶ˵÷ͷӡеƤȥܰ
Ҷһ˵ҪŪóԵģȫҵӶҶò֪ǱҶô̼˻ôΣʱȥĥһ
ߣ𣬾Ϳʼڶ
һţҲûбĿʱȻȫΧں¯Ҳ䡣ިľͷ࣬СԺܴġˣިĸЦЦֵĻúӡϵӰЩ󣬺޲ýި˩ڿϡ
ҶȦҲûǸ¶ԸС
Ҷһ˵ҶþһҶùЩӾҪߣЩ϶Ҫ̯ӵġϾҶһˣϱҲںͷѧ
ǻˣڶҶΰġǲסᡣ
һͰٶͱСԼĪҲǳһڵķٸʵҲ࡭ƨǵӳԣٸҲ̫ˡҶĥһȷҲỵȻ䶳⣬䶳⻹ʹһԼĪһ˳Բˡ
Ūһ㣬ʰҲ͵ȥ
˵ӲﻹǹģЩ˶ߵģԲ϶ٺöסýҲ͵ǳ
Ȼϻô˵ˣһҶҲˣɴȫˡ
ŪǸϸӾ͸һġҲ򵥣ˢͣһһưˮȥӸϣټˡŸˮͻըһŨζƮСʳǺһ㣬ûС
˹㣬Ҷץһѳ֥ʹлȥܳ
ިֳ֪Сֶգ۾ģչĹĵġԵúúãͷȻͳúáܼһӾͶӡި꣬ԳǸ˶ڼϲ˱ҶΣҶ߾£ҪҪԵһڣ
Ҷ˸СպһݸҧһƤͷ̣
ިɻԶˣСԴ絷⡣˹ȥרСӼССҧһƤȻ֭Ͻһڣ̵ֱ̡ͷ
ҶҶüŶˣ㣬ͷôأ
ڶʱǼˮôҶβ˼ԣǳԼ
ǹԼʳ
ӤȭͷСҶܳĸҲࡣҶܳҶҪӵܶԡҲʮķҶνϺ˶ʮ˼Բһ룬ʣµһҶιϷ롣
ȥѡ͵óʵģʱ֭ƤաƤ֭˲˵ζҲʮֲŪӰЩװɡ
ҶֽȥĴʳС
˵ʳлǴ̨ġ̨һеĿӣҶγžòʱ࣬ûжװ˳ʳװǶس̵·ϱܳԵ˸Թˣ˼Ժֻʣ¿պӡŲ󣬺װһװʮ
ô֣ܿװһʳСҶ룬ټһⶫҲһҲһӡûҶλѵĹ߾ܳ
Ҷ﷭˷˼ʵƤëϡŪһΧΧš
ͷķ䣬ӣȥױ̨ǰ滨ԤֽŶĨһ㡣Ҷ۾ױ̨ɨɨûƼ滨ࡣЩ֣һֱͷģôûˣ
ûţҶ룬ͷһƿµġˣֶĨһ㡣
Ҷһʳװһװһ̧ͷٿһۡҶιøƵģûסЦ㣬ôĶô
Ҳ밤͵šҶʵҲеգܼ֣˭пոһˣһ಻
һʳֱ߳㣬߰ɡ
һһʳе壬ǺӸǵʵ̫䣬һ·ˣ̭ƾɰӹʳаס˾ôһҡһڵĲѩš
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ӪſڻվڵġҶθҶùʱ˻ûϳζܳİնչܡ߽˲ŷŮӣе㲻˼˸ϳɹܡҶν˵ܿ
һ˵衵ģиСȥˡ
ڹ˹ڣפ˱ʱץͻ̽ӣͱ˹ѣ˽յŮפأһߡפصıﲻǵصӣҲмﶪ˵ġһβ󹦣ҲǾ˵
Ҷǲ֪飬֪Ҳο
ĺܿ죬һĻ䡣һ˵Ҷͳʳˣʮæš
˹һ̲ס۾ʲôóԵģ
һСġҶΰһĶݸʾҶðǱһи䣬е࣬Բָ˳ԡⶫţѡ
衣á
ֽӹȥմսһ˲䣬Ҷ⹷Ӿŵһ滨㡣ҶηӦǽһ죬һѾס衵죺˳Ĩĸӣ
һ仰ص˲˫Բ۾
䣺
Ҷã
衵һºˡ
ȣϱĶܽ˳ô
ע⵽ܵ۾͵͵ǿϷҶλ֪档
˵˺񲢲ǺЩĶ⣬ڳʱ򣬵עûִġҶɨһ۾ͲѶ䣬ȿָֻΪػวƽ죺ǵԣţȻȥˡ
˵꣬ҶĬĬ͵һ۽Ҷתߡ
ҶøоеλãʮֲǵĽ͵˳ĸӡ찡ԭǿôתһҲǣôܸôǮһ׵ĿɲͿһ
Ҷõͷ˼Ƭ̣ѧʲôȭ㣬ԺһܶܶǮ
Ҷһ¡ǲͬҲôġ
һһЦѵͨЯŻܼҡ
Ҳ֪ԼҶһ˲ѣ˳ƫ롣һһʳлӪʡһһӪʡӪǰչְõġ˽ŵϣͷŵްζ̳
˿ʳ۾ˣ۰Ͱ͵ضſ
ʳУͷ廹ǹ̵ġްŰû䣬ʳһУð衿һʳ㣬ʳ㡣ôŶԲꡣһ̧ƳƵӪﲻߵ䣺ԵĻɽͼҲй
һ˲óԣسȥˡǼҶ˵Ļⶫž˾ͱζ
ûһɽͼܹÿ˶ܹԾԴ꣬ѵġе壬Щ˭Ҷܳ˼ֵ˾͹ϷָɾճǺ֭죬£óɿڡһ߳һ߿䣺ô꣬ɩĳʳá
̲סĽʺ޵Ƴ衣ģ˵˵ôôأ
Ҳ˵פߣµˣնҪƽࡣڹ˹ڣ衾͵õصε𡣱פزǺܴʵСֺͷɽڿˣŲǧˡ򺣻ȨʱѺҲ˵˵һΣͽ
ͷͷ۵ͻʹˣͻ˿սҲҪŪȥģͻӣˡ
˵ɣһͻʹķУ衵˸ץ˸šʱװһͨˣɫ˵͹򣬲˸ƭȥҪ衸ϵļʱѾɻأѳӡ
ץĵ衱ֵֽһȡֱӸѺ͵פء
һץĻһˣ衴ĵͱԴҲͷ­衿װļ˹˱ǸŮ֮ˣʵʮֺǴʱǱڴ࣬ڰ߶꣬Ѽ·鱨ӻعͻʣֱӷ⽫ϱ衸սϽ֣ˣཫʿ
˹ĵ衾ϳὣɱ
ʣµˣɱ衶ɱˡɱģֽһͻפءפǺܺãڹ˹Ϊͻˣ֮ıֻʣ²ǧ˿ء
Ϊֹͻ͵Ϯˣפؿɢʵһ̲ˡ
Щ¹Ҳᣬ˵ܼߣ˵˳Ҷһƿ滨̲סЦ졣СжӲû˭ȵùǰŤŤ˵ʲôҳδ̸Ů˽飬񻹲͵˳˼ҵ滨
Ҷβ֪ôڿӳΪΣò˵ȷʵͦЦġ
ϱһۣ̲סЦ
ǲüΪЦЦ˺üգһЦ֪֡ƱһҲˡöˣϵĶͿС¾ͳ׺ȫһӡӶûСҶżͳʳ档
û뵽ӾȻȺõЧáҶû̫覴ãͿĨʵ˾ú⵹ûЧһؽ̻
ԺҶξĥ
ҩ̵ϴƳġûʲôЩİնҪɻġӵļ۸ǣҪôҪõҪôĲϴÿƳʮƿϸԲˡ
ԸãǸҶáʱشĨĨӡҶοҶֽŶú죬һһƿ仰˵ҲܼסŵļŮ֪ⶫܲ
ҶĥҩŪһõͷǲƷļλ
ͷ˼Ҫģͷúã۸Ҳܷ㣬ҶοЩļҩӦûŰɣȥһ˿
һһһա
£ԽԽ䣬ϵˮɱҶζŶˡҪ̼ҵӻǵ͹ȥ̼ҵ̶ʮ̣˵õǧӣ߸ɸͣͣġѮڰǧӸƳ
óһ첻ѩҶξ׼Ѷ̼͹ȥͬʱ̼ǱѾһӡ̨Ǳ̻ƺõģѩ첻鷳ظ͹
Źµһһȥ˲Ҷǻ͹㣬ȥ۵Чõǲࡣ
̼˵ҶǧֻҶһҵӡộ˵ȥÿҷŵٶġ̼ȻҪȻö෽ӡⶫǺǻù˲֪ùҲһշֱģٲʮ¡
ǳ̼ҵһ ߵĻԴȻǶѡеصĿԸѡʱļĸã̼ҾͻһҵĻ
Ҷλ֪ͷ̼ҵĴ㣬ҲÿƹˡȻ̨ûϣͱˢȥˡ


62 
Ҷεµ͵̼ҵġ͵պִѩڶԶߵÿ죬Ƕ̬ȣȻȥءµĶ԰ӡͦġҪոҶһģҶθСүǵϵµܲӡҲѡ
ǧٿӹŲϹ˵㡣ŹȻȫա̼̺㹻̶˹ȥĻûһ˵
Ҷϰôûй
붬Ժ󣬳̷Ѿڻ˾ڼЪš̷Ѿʮˣڡ̼үҪ˵ףСúܣ⡣һ˫۾ͶҶҵǸ˼ҼҲܡŹ¼ӺЦеؿŰ̲סҶΡ
֪¶ģԶʱЦҽͷбҪæǰЩʱ˷纮Щʣڼӡͻ¶վûԹˡ꿪֮ǰҽٹ˴ӵļ۸񡣡
ȻƺζϻصĺţŹµҲ̽˵˲ǰ㽲һˣ˼з֮ǻǵеִ硣
µĺ⻻˸Ʒʵԭϡͷ˵֪ô¶ӵԭɲ˵ǼҽΪ̼ҹϸõĻԴ̼̺ŵ⻨˴󹦷ȥͷ˺ûζҲǻ˼ģһ˲ʶŲҽ˵ʲô㣬ǰһҲ󲻶ŹµſǲǸߵࣿ
ǰʲô㣿ŹҲǺúŪˡζֵֹģʮֵġûʲôǰ˵ֻ˲ΣȻԵøߵࡣ
Ų̴㣬Ҳ㡣Źһᣬй˵Ĳ࡭
⻰Ϲ˵ģȷʵ㡣ûŪʲôرϡζϻ˹Ūġ˼ĥˡ
ͷ¶ؽ̫ƯԼҵĻ𰢾Ȼǻ˵ģɾʵˡʵŹ£һˣȽƷûùˡ
ҲǡĶϣŹµ񶼲ܽ϶׼ȷ
˺˼䣬ŹµҲûʹȥ˷ȡһӵظ˻
Ҷθ̼ҵĺǳɵģȻǲȫܿ˵ƾΪ˫κͰģ̼˻Ǳ֧һ֤ġ
һӵӵջһСӣܹ
ò˵ĵؽƶǵ
־óǧӣ²ȴ±⣬ԸһһûкͶõķƶȺ˰ϵģȷʵǺĺԵҶһףʱֻŸԴ˲ܻúá
ֻпһ£Լ͵̼ҵУ´һ
һæͷҲۡҶҲۣǣͷȻܽпࡣ׸˶˹Ǯˡս
ջټʰʰһꡣ
Ҷ˵ý˵ġսʲô͸ˡ
ϺļżţԴȥԺûٻȥϺ϶ܼҹġӣ￡ˡڹʱǸ÷ţɻꡣܼûţǷţϺҲͽɻǹʱ죬￡ҲеС˵ӡСһĻʲôʲôʲô
һ׮£˶ҶͷˡԼ˶ٵһ͡Դ̨ͱϴ̵߽
ʵǸܿ嶵ˣʰūȴҲͦݵĵġ
ϵ˵ֶҲֱͦӡǲؾͲ׼Էʵ
ڿࡣǰǰ㲻вʱ֪ܼ²ԣҲôģʵˡ
֪ҶβϲҶεĸǰաҶøҶǸһǿ׳ͽҶҲͽ᲻ϡƽֻܸϺɵֻɨѩ񣬼ջ
ҲȷʵǴϻۣʲô¶ѧһͻᡣصʵҲϾ˼Ǹ˼ҵճʶֵģǴװͿʵϣܶдҲ򡣾ǿܼȺӺãűˡֻҪӸȥøɻҲɡ
ϱҶҲȱͯˣ˿϶Ҫʶֵ˰ġȷʵԽͽҶοСǲá
أ²ܿôҷİɣءҶεȻ֪˵Ҫˣһȫ¡ûŪµþıûҲûҪô硣ʵڲУһؽͷƸ˻Ҳʹõġ
Ҳһ£ҲҪ
ҵĹ¶ǼӳҲһϹܼҵ֣Ҷϵū;ûͷƸģǼӡȻ;ū澺á
УҲָֻŵӣͺá
СҶβǺ⡣а¾͸꣬Ҳ׼Ҷĵһ꣬ϣиõ顣
ĵؽﻹŲˣʳʡòࡣ
ҶβɵĽĿⶢ˼ͷĸʮ·СҶ֪ͷһ˽⵽ֶﻳСҪ£һ̥Ҳò˵˼ʶͷʱΪССѼһһһء
㡣ިҶοͺ£Ǽһóء
ԣԣҶͷźİĿͶǽǵļ⼦ǰᵽԺģ¾µϺչˣһʵĶɲʮֻĸµܾˡԴµܼҳԵûȥɱֻӦòࡣ
ʵڲȥļһˡԱ߿ţҲҶε˼ۼ˲࣬ȥֻҲˡ
ҶЦһŵĻаȥɽҰζҲʹõġ
Ұζͱðˣôѩɽġ㵱һȥɽҰζ˵Ҳȫ⣬ĶУŪĻزͷŪڹʱֻܳԳ԰ݿܲˣˣ๫ô
ȻǻĶǱûصġ
ҶεͷУ๫ȥ̵㡣
һҶһ䡣󻹸Ҫ䷹䣬һѵܼҿ׵ֶӵɽʮѮʱڹ˹פءѾѺȥ̨ͻҲ˳Ҫθͻ˽棬ĻӦ
򺣵һֱδû֤ݣҲڹ˹ˡ˶뷢¶й¶ȥռ˫ǳĬ¡
صѾڱסϣβ¶°ѶԷȥò˵˵ûڹ˹һİӣĿŵؽżѹפعԱÿڹ˹ȡ˷ķݶ
Ҳ˵ڹ˹衾һ
㣿Ķ̣û˵ʹԱðͷ⸽ҲûŶѵפǺͷС᣿
ܵôҶȥأǺúܣͷġ
Ҳǲܵǡû뵽Ȼš˵ǿضʰ飬ȥǵطϴѣƽҲûʲôȥҲû㣬俴Ҷη·𿴵ͬˣôˣҲҶοǺ뵽˳ԣû㰡
ҶεȻ㣬㣬㣬ͷŪԺԵ١
ҶεͷˡǴҪܼҲ䷹ģɴͳһ㡣Ҳʮյ壬¹һû£Уȥ̣
衲̤춼ûſȻǲȥģҲʶˮԣҪȥȥɡ
⻰һ˵ڣҶ͹
ҶⱲӶˣô˵ѻݸ壿ȻҲûе衡˫ֱһڲסسԭҲ¶Ҷξ͸û˵
˷ˣж̴衶ԴΪ⣬ȻˮԺã¶ͽ¡
Цһɽȥˡ
ǲòһظƻʳĻᣬȻҪԺáɽƢãקȥҲûʲôԹԡԲƤȥ̵͹Ҳǰ
һߣ衾ͶҶζ
ҲΣűЦһôˡ
û죬ҲøŪԵġƽ˭ҪǶ˵ҪԵģҶĺܿ졣ÿҪԵʱ͸ƵֲǽҶ衳ԡ˵ҶõСϸҲֻϷˣҶԸûʶ
ҲΪҶСҶǴĵϲġСﲻرģ¶ϱ˭зִ硣ִúþôϲ
ҶιȻһۣתͷȥ๫ջ𡣡
ϻźףżѾ͸Ƴһǰһȥˣ˶ˡǳԵıůģֲóȥèʲô
㿴ʱȥͼҿָֻܲʹһߣֿˡҶô۴չҸһȥɡۼҹ껹ûҲóǡҲӵĻûлҸȥơ
Цеĵȥôͱˣȥ￾ɡ
ҶƳһϣͷȥĽﱧСˡ
СҶ˫̥۾Ǹ
Ըȡ֡۾Ĵһ㣬ں֮СͽСˡСһĴ񴨣ССߡӵĴ衸ȡģСǰ˽ġֵͦġǽжͦ˳ڡм˳ڡ
˵ţҶþҶû˺ͷӡ
Ҷøճͱקס㶵ؿϣҶߣС߸˯¡
Ҳȥ̶ûбˡ
˵ԣҶõҲ˳⡣
ͷɢҶβ֪ںܲж˵˵ⶡһͳһҲûʲôʣУͳҲͦóԡ衶̨ͷ˹ظͷ
ͽȥһ죬ͷ򵰡ðʢҪӵĺܲⶡȥıɫٽͰļȥμӵⶫŪܿ죬ζĵǡζһɢ涼ܹ
̻лζϸӰ
һ裬Ҳûݡ衾ͶСϳԡ
ҶҲûߣĶ
ҪͷǺů͵ĺܡĿûգʵûкů͡Ҷε۾ܳʵ䵽ϣӹɣ˿Ҳûÿԭ֪ǷĴôšܾ˿ƿ˲١
ͷǸͷϵĶԺûٶˣҶ˫ϸϸشüֲۣˡ
ָо͸ϱӿǣһܾñÿ˵ϸֲˡ˵ư࣬ͷЩңϸ֮ÿ˿ҵúζ䣬Ҷοſţ̬Ҳһζĸо
๫
ţ衵Ȼ֪ڿ΢΢̧
Ҷε۾䵽ӵֻϣֱ𪣬ǰ۵ĶûˡҶ۾һԥʣ΢ô
еžһߣһü΢
ûҲܣҶθϽڰ֣ҺģԷҡ
Ŀ϶˶ֵͷسԷָֻƵľҶεǰơҶξɵҲоĿ⡣
һΪɴ²ֶΣȻǸݽɫ
ĬĬԼֵ۾ջһ֧°ͣŤͷ⡣衶ĺףǼɼƲһ¡
ȸ̬ҲʵʵسԷ
һ뷹ȥ治֪ʱѩ߶ѩ࣬Ҷǳ׼ʶˡʱ϶ٺ׼衷ӣ˲졣ҶƳĶӣƽƽģô෹ȥĸȻĳ
ɵز֪Ķð붼ϴˡ
ƳһۣæԴȥͷĿӵʮֹɡ
Ҷοʱ࣬׼ݡߵſھǰԺǱɽǻĶҲڸ˵
߹ȥˡһѪͳ׳Ҷμǵãͼһû⼸ҲʲôӣͰ㡣ǺﶼЩ㣬㡣һԼңҰر
һһͰԺӻѩһ㻹ǻģұաҶο첽߹ȥĶжоЩԵˡ
ÿЩҲû뵽ôɵû˳ԵԵʡ˿һøһ̾һѣ۸缸ȥ̵㡣
˵ţƲӺףЦ·ײͼͳ䡣ҲûȥһٷУ
ȻСҶæкȥ㹻ˣȥɡ
һӺظҶε˵Ƴ䵹ҲûˡȷʵЩͷ˰ͼɽǵˣ衡䡢䶼ġԲ˵˶Ѿ¼ҹһ
פﲻòʱҲûȥѩûȥ
żȥݣæйʰЩ㡣ԼިڵóдҼܹһһصװͰҶһҲԲô࣬ɴˮš
꣬ɫһʱҲóˡҶȥҶõӰ˽гȥؽ˵ˣԤʼ׼š
ﻹоôϲ֪ʱŷͷˣµƸǡ
аɡҶҲȷ붬ԺȾƾͶˡŴû£Ҫůû¶ҶκȾơҶûʲô񫶼˾񫣬żȺȵģ͵ľͲࡣ
ȥơ
Ҷܵÿ죬ؽѾںԱߡҿ·һӾȥҶȥһҲ죺ʣһ̳
ǹسһԣ»ؾҪûˡ죬е᲻á
ԭֹҶͿһ¡û£ڼĥ˵ƣҲǺѡҶ֮ǰŪѾƣҲݹ÷ơϸ룬ּ򵥵ĸƣƣҲͦ򵥵ġԼⶬе÷ţԣ
£ǺȾˡٲãϾƽѿûš
죬ԭеϧʵЩþƵġת˲ƳһҶΣʯ֮ĺؿһ¡Ǿôͷ˰ˣѵʰܽЩѡûΪһ̳Ӿⳤ̾
ﰡǲǸæˣϿɫ̾ڵĿ簡
Ҷλ֪̾ʲôҲ˵ͷһоʲôû͹ȥˡ
ɲǣָգ۾ͺڵϹˡ
ͬĻ˵飬ҶûʲôӦԱѳɼҵҶһ졣ƳԼ֪޾Ľ㣬ȻЦһ¡
Ҷãʲôֺû


63 
ѩԽԽϺȥһȦصң϶һѩ
վⶶ˶ϵѩתͷţϵĿͷȻҲѩһ飬ѩһءǴֻһЩǹӡϺŵؽĶҲ࣬ȥĺǹӵ˼תת˳ȥ򶹸˼ң˲ٶ
ӺԵؽͷĶͶ͵ȥǹӾͶ˽ݡ
Ҷοˮͷ㣬ĥӦôԡһ̧ͷжʱҲˡ仹ǳԸӱȽϺãɴ㡣
ҶѾȥʰҶýóزȥϴ
ˮãůȵʱҨ˿˿ģľˮµġҶֽݿҶһһϴ
˰æʰҶξͽͷý
ųԺóԣüﻹиۡժճԲ꣬ˣϾʱҶøڼĥġСչװţǵʵõʱҨ׶㡣ǰԤӳϵģĥޡһû̯ɴԼҳˡ
ʱͲˣȥǼɱˡԺӴ󣬿ž˺ö༦һûôԣʣʮֻûҶ룬ȥԱ߰ͷеĳ˵Ĵ󹫼ץˡ
ѪС룬ҶÿˮҶ߰㶼ʰɾˣ㣬ɡ
Ҷ꿪Ҫȥ̨ģܼҵʱҲ᳤ö࣬㻹û㡣ҶǳԹҶģǰǻ㻹ܣû͵ѧҶߴˣЩҲֱ˵ˣý̽ô㡣
ҲУҶοƻܶˣʵվھ˵ļϡ˴ϵǧķչƣлϺĳԲ֪˲֪ĲסҪ˵ʲô£˵ʱҲûʲô̵˼˵ǡ
ҶξģҶñⷽе츳Ҷ˵һҲģġ
ҶʰزˣҶҪ㡣Ҳ˲߹㣬Ҳ
ɿɡ
ҶԺָܼߵҪð֡ѧҲãҶҲ˵ΣñҶָʹȼһĸǻڲɫƤϴɾͷ㣬һҪȻζֿࡣҲҪٸɾ
ҶöҶֽ㱳ϸ˻ͷͼˡ
ȣƣˮûò˵ͼ嵰ʵζĺ㣬һⱻ죬ζͲֱˮҶûûԹҶ㣬˿ڿˮֱ˵㡣ҶЦ㣬ϺҲóԡ
ˮŽȥҶòӽƽֽҶýнŽȥ
ϷŽȥƮܵϾƸͽȥˡʵҲ򵥣ǰڸ̵ΡҶϲζһ㣬˵ʱ򰮷Ŷ꽴ʵ꽴ŶҲζûж꽴ŵγҲǿԵġ
Ĳ˾֭Ҳûʲôѵģһͨļҳˡ
ҶæҶȥôϡԤŪӡԡƬҶøҶøɣ˵á˵ʵҶεǿ
Ҷν̣ܼҶ֪Թٻأ˶Ū
ûʲôҶæɴʰʰȥؽơһٷ˵Ҳ죬˵ҲҵȺĲ˶Ѿȫˡ
ȻŪģҶδҶҶϺＸһ衰ǰһԭȥǱߵģҪǰ˶פصľ٣ʮ̸ֲͬפصľһСϰмǲ档
ϾһӸŮӴһ񻰣Ӳǽ˹ȥ
ܹһ̳ƣȻǸǱߡҶοЩƵӣһ˵ҪЪ꿪˿գԸڼЩҲ¡
ƣҶóԾˡôնҶһ㲻˽أоöණֲһ˼ҵӶô㡣
ᡣҶһ㲻飬Żɣҿĥ
ŶҶõͷռڵƣأҲֻǼǵԺġ
˵ŷҶÿһ̧ͣ۾Ҷáʱ͵͵Ӽܳġ˶ȥĶĽĽͶ˿ʲôûʡϡͿסܼңôˣҲüǸʲô
Ҷ򴽣Դȥ
˵ܵͻ͵ϮҶׯҲ֪Ǹʲô
Ҷæúܣȥ̨ûǱߵ¶ʵҲûϣ˵ʵûҶ˷ϡϵȻһæ벻ҶøҶõŮ϶ЩĵġҲԼＸԼҹȥҲҶҡ
Ͽõ˼ƳҶΣȻ˵ǰЩ˴Ҷׯ
Ҷÿӵһ͡գգ۾ʱعΣ
׼ǱߡĿ䵽ҶҶõϣ˵ĵǶ۾ҶΣ۾͸ɰͰ͵صšϵҲûлҶε˼ֻǾϱӸǿЩܶ¶˵ûʲô¡Ƕӡ
ӣҶЩż۵βã˻ˣˣ
һȻƲôǾæʱҲȫ˵ȫ˵һȫܳסˣ;еģһСӡ
ӶˣҶżˣ
ҶСĺӲֹǵţҲŵġҶôСܵ࣬˵䲻ʱ˵ĻǸδĺһȻûȫĶȥ⺢ӣ
ܵĶȥϾ˵ˣ˴ġʻĻҲ˵
ҶżԵĺò˶òˡҶҲЩģҲҳһţСǸгġӦòǶˣԸˡͷôңڼҲһͷãӸѧһգӦò¶ġ
˵⺢ĶȥҶҲǣǰҶˤҲԸܳȥŪɽ
Ҷû˵Ҷһ˶Ϥ˵Ȼ
һٷԵЩĬҶʰݡҶﵣģûԶپͻȥȡŰ˵˵аȥҶׯ
ϼҶһֱû廰ΪܱοҲģǺָȥˡ
ͷĻȻĲ²⣬û˵ԼϹ²´˸ϣִϣֲҺáҶǰ˵ûôĹ˼ɱһ䡣
ҶεҲ˵ȫģֻǸûǷϡһʮҵˣȷʵ˵ġҶȥҶɽܴҶɽɵ˱ȽϿߵҶߣʵӶ߹ȥҲһҹ·̡
ѩҪȥҲա
๫๫뵽취ҶγƬ̵
ϵͷļ򣺡ſġ
ЪˣǱ߻ûСݳԾƣţҶҲûϴϾݸķ͸һǽǲСײʲôʱΡ
ҶνŹϣϴòŻصݡ
ϵĲ类һɨաһ̵Ͷ㡣еΪʣʵͷһһ衣ʲô¶ײϡԵȺ˸ɴͷմԣһͷǳ˾⡣
ߵʱ򣬼˶Щ΢ҶδæЦŴк
ɽǰȥϺ׵˵˵ͼûôི໥ߡͷһǰ衸һˡӪ쳤ڹ˹̨Ǳߴˡͼʶ͸衼˻һš
˱Ÿͷߣ㡣ʵ˵ãһưٲ
˾պҶοͿغ˾˾̫̫ûи첻صǰ㣬ſڱտڵáҶҲ˸ת׷ͼ첽ѩС
ԱߣԴ
⸱ģҴʱһģһʱ˾ҲԱ߰첻Ҷһһ䡣ߵȣʵѾˡ
ɵشϲиʵҲûʳʣ£ͷͷҶӶûʣյһ˳ȥҶߵ衸ǰǰ˰ڣ๫ôǼ
۾ɵؿҶΡ
ˣˡҶνһֻ첲ܵԸϣ뱧˸ò˵ϸ첲ܻȥҲĽʵŶüӲ˳úܣϰϲԴŲŲ°;ʹҶεļϡ
վҶααۣұ㡣
ԭΪ˿϶ǲģ˭֪Ҷλôһ˵ҡҡλεվӵѹҶεϣŨľҶεľࡣҲ˵Ҳ̫ղĪмĸо
Ҷղһɤӣҽݡ
˻ǺɤģءšһҶα̵ߡ
סſһ죬Դͷһۡ˵ıӰһȥصͷعͷҶõ۾ʰЩôɫˣ˯ɡ
ҶõͷɵɵȥѾ˯ި
ϰһأֱӽԸ
ҶŪݲŷֿϻСӣ˼˲ᡣʱڿûʰҲûĵضɡǰǣߣվáҲڣβȵؿ治ˡǻͷֻԳˣҶҲôģźͷһӡȻֻص衵ĸǰڵϻһȦ
ŶӻǰҶδǸΪų־һֱźͷš
֪μô֪ʥĽ𹿰ȦôҶùָָϲȦӡӣͿ˵Ҹ㻭Ľ𹿰Ȧӡ
˵꣬ҶξŤͷȥʰ
һֱû˵ȴȻڣμʲôʥĽ𹿰ʲô
֪ˡҶΰСӷŵϣְ˱һգվط𶯡
ΪΣ
ƵⶼôôҶŤͷΪֻҪȦûŮ㡣
ƶǶŶ
Ȼһȣ˹ؿȦ
ҶΣ
衴ֱ׳ؿҿˣŮأ
Ҷεһ±졣򴽣üͷ衡衻ǸȻӣ۾ȴ䵽ҶεϡҶǸһУš衣װĻͦͬж顣Ƕõǰɣ
û뵽ֱӲ𴩣۾Ҳˡ
õӣ̽ҵ⣿˶٣ĵسϡ
Ҷεմӱ쵽ⶼˡ
ŤͷȥŪ̡ĬĬضıӰãȻ촽һϣ³һ֣ˣ
ʰ̵һǱߵȴŹͼӴףˣ
ҶֱӣСƢȻһתͷһѾס衵졣ҲĶֻĳ˹ΡҶһѽ衸˿ϡڿϣϳȶȥԶҶôһ̲ȣɨһҵϡ
ƺһ۽ǳҶЦõһָָֻ·
Ҷ˳¿䵽ϡ
۽ǣǹҽ𣬼
۽ǣǹҽ𣬼


64 
ңңЦҶⱲӾûвҵ¶
Ũܵ۽еĹ⣬ƻչ·𲨹Եˮ˸޺ƵһҶԵؾ͸оŵĳһ̵ĺܡ˺ЩΣЩ죬ɴݲȣֱ׳ضҶο
𣿡ֵ÷·һ򵥵ʡ
Ҷһֻ߬оԼĽڲٿҪˡģκ͵»һ㣬ڲⶫû١ıģ˯ҲԷˡһߵˣҸ㣬ʰҲһ¡
ЦЦŶ𶯡Ҷſϣ¹ʵؿڣЦ𶯵ĸоôͷ
𣿡衲ΪȻ촽ж಻ã
ҶЦһǲײĲᣬƽֵľٶġΪǹʱ࿴ñصķ⽨Ů
ߣ֪νҶصһ䣬ȻסǸӺݺһ顣
衵ǴֻᣬǺܷġ
Ҷһ飬ɢˡʱӵǵûпӵбҶֱƿѵ½ڼҲر䣬ױʹһͷѡӣһֻȵ־˳ų̽ȥ
˻ǲһʲô¶Ҹɣ
ؿһƤ䲻һֻ֣ٿصɴ۾Ҷһ˫һԲͨ쵫һɺֱ׳أôߵ֮رôᱡһŰ͸
۽޿գһ£һͣеĹһ˲䰵ȥ
㡭û˭ô׹һؽ߳ܵѻһرʲô˵һΪ֮ȴû뵽ЧѾ˽ҹɲ߶˭֪Ҷηˡͼ·
ҲңҶθ߰ذ°ͣһҪǿðԭ衵ϣЦ㲻Ұɣ

û뵽ҶŮӲҳƣʵ˵ôŪǸӶܲˡδ΢ʱ£־ѣ־ֵ衱̨ܵ²ǲҶγŵ⡣桭һɫӣؾôأ
ЦǻֻڿԼĵµߡ
ʵϣҶοɲֻʵҲġ
һյú͵Ƹǰҡҷ𱻴϶ķ紵趯˵ӰͶ䵽ǽϣһ컵ļֽӳյɿ۽ޣ·һֱѵĺΪʶ»ĺᣬڵƻԳݵС
۾Ʋãҧһڡ
ҧĲأйͷһһڡȴ·Ƶ˽ס
Ҷξ͸оĳطֱ׵
Ȼһֻ֣ĳֱסԼ۾ӱƵĽƫһȥ
ȫ¶͸֣Ǵǳϵñ¶˴ĵĽթΪĳֱŵصҶΡҶεһڿˮ䲻Ǻæɿҧĳ˺졣ͼԱŲһͱһָֻס˺
𶯣衵ɤӰƮƶв
ҶκƤһ治Ҷˡ
ɲʲôСӣϱ˵˾Ҳܱ˷ַֺϺϡ岻ҶȴԼôŻʵһֻס⣬⳶ʰ˵˵㣬ԵԸһ䳤𣡡
ӰԲ
ʰ˵ӱܣҶη·ץСӣ㣡
衻ǲ˵ĳ֪þյΪץİѱ޿ͼղű衱ȵܻ߳Ҷζȥҧӡһµᣬҧҧ𾢶أ䲻һӱƷԱߡ
תһ˲䣬ԴҶεɴ۾
Żһ˼ģĳ˴ʱа߳ܣѹһֻסҶεĽ׾ͳԼĺϴšҶͻȻ˳סױһһĳ˵ġϴţţȣ
ҶΣ
㻹ûеͷָ޺Ƶ޺
Ҳû뵽Ҷôһͳεơƽ˳ȥǿ϶˵ġ衾ôҶεһ˲һɷɫصͷһסҶε°̧ͷҶεĴ
Ũңʵ衲ûºܶࡣ̽ʱԼЩζ
Ҷα°ͳǡԴһ ɬĲҧͷڻͨٶȿ쵽զࡣҶεǰܿ˵绨ˮȼ
ǽһֻ˶ĺӰĬĬվһ˫۾ĵط̹⡣
ϢؿŴϹһŵˣ֪ʱ衵½󿪣Ư¶ҶεǰҲҶθˣī˸ҧסŮĳʱŮ˷һĺ󡣵ĬĬ
Ϣ˿ϣһҧ衵ϡ
衳ʹɿ죬Ťͷ˫Ŀһ˫̵ͫˡĴﻹȣȻûҧѪȷʵеۡʱ˫ͫţв˼ԡ
衣
ҶǰĲѾʪ͸ˣͷҲɢˡΣĺΣ˾ȻҧǶʱε衣Ѷ챻Ҷθǹˣͺϻźӡ
ɣȿȿȿȣɿڵ㣡Ҷסʪ͸İؿڣſſ
īɢڼͷνӳĻɫ㡣
ҶģȫֻҶεĻҶΣƳѹϵ衡̵۾˸ԥãŻɿ
ȥҶκЩ٣һ³ֵ׼
Ťͷһ衣ȥ˲һ衡
衣
Ҷ̲סЦ˫ֱЦǰ
Ҳֻɿ˶ҶεϽƣֱӡ
һ⣬ըҵĻҲϨ
ҶһѽƵһͷһξ롣˲ſǷֿѶһңȴҲûôɢʱǲܵˣֻǻڲԶġǸٰ˰ȥ⹷ٸһڡ
εüģ¿һֻֽϵѴ˴ЬͿųȥˡ
һ󺮷ӣһ衣ҶϰѣšӿԼࡣѩ׵ƤϼָͷӡӣһȦƲƲ죬ﲻ֪źҡ֮衸ղŲͣһҹͻȥ
ҶſڿԴúúЦô㻹İ
ö
Լ˶Դ˲Ҷεġ
ҶͨԼһʪСѣŲһ¿ȥ¹﷭ҡһµĻϣǼͶǽǵ¨ѣ衻ûл治ȥôãҶηһ۾׼˯
˯˱۾ܾþ˯ţԺһĻһĻ֡
ȥ˦Ҷθɴഩϰӿųȥ
ѩ׷ɣԺܿϥôҶһǳһŵߵŵƵġűˣƻӷ϶ҳҶ߹ȥХģģӰƵĴϢƺһһºܳЩ̴١
գգ۾ߵŷԱߣŷ۾
ĳ˹İǳŵ¶Ҳƺע⵽ˡ˫۾͸ŷӣֵع˹ǡ
ҶεĴһ˲˵һը죬˵ƨɺй׷ƵתͷҪܡ


65 
ҹǺʱҶβ֪˯ǰûлġ
ѩһҹſҲ䡣ò˵Ҷ̿ٶһȹϡĶһͷ۵֢״ûճԵĺ˯㣬ͷһձһպáۿžͽ
ϵɫȷʵܾˣŪûͷʱҶξ;ζһ֪ֻݵŮӲĺӡޣٳˡⷽ滹Ǻܽģٳǻˡ
ިƵģ۳žʹڸһأѾڵվܸҶεȸߡ
±ʶܼ֡ҵĺӶɣ㿪ʼ顣ǰΪȲûиިɣʵ㵢飬ϾިҲꡣ
Ȼʶ֣һǽҲǽ̡￡ֵոިϸɴСҲɡ
ϺԴʮָмҾûһʶֵġ⣬ϼҲ˲á
ûʲôƽ˼ҪȥûôҲţ̺ӶʶֻܴʱѧҵŵҲأһѧʮ֡ѧῼ̡
￡ֶ˵ıȫסʣСģô̶Щѡ̫СԭСЩĺԲסҶѾûˡСިЦʱʱ￡Աָʻ
ŻԴӿ
£ůġʱһˣԱߵͷڵ롣ҶػҹûȻôû˯Ƶġ
˼¿ƿͷѩѾѵ˰Ÿߡһ޳ıӰѩУ·һˮī
ǰŵģҶߵױ̨ǰɢͷ£Ԥβ
һվӸǰŷֲԣԸⲱϵģˡôһ룬æת⿪СѵӡȻҧļиɫӡҶεէէϵģû뵽ԼƤô׾ˡ
۵ǲۣϽȥ﷭һΧ
ѴãȥϴϴԱ߷˸ľͰͷʢ˰Ͱˮһ»ȵġ衽壬Ҫڼ꿪ʱü
˴ˮʲôҶαˮϴã
ӣûƼˡһ־ڴſڣָֽС￡ͶڴͷһСѩ衣˵Щʻֶдˡ
ˣݵſˣ̧ͷЦš
ҶεͷŤߡ
ЩؿҶδҴûǽǵıӰԱСҡֱ۶ûע⣬ֹһ䣺⺢ӣڼΧôΧ
⻰ûҶǽͷɨѩ衽һ˲
Ŵɨ㽫ſڵԺһ·ɨͷվôһͷѾһѩüչɫ󡣵ûѧҶΧΧҪҲûСֻҪ۲Ϲ˶һƼǿһСɵӡӡͷ
һûŶӣ䲻һӰһ̧ͷƼˡ
衿һ򶨵ؽɨŵſڣתݡ
϶ıӰһ˫۾
ĿڶݽյźǽѾûҶӰķأȻʲôЦˡһˣѧʮ֣ѧûԣ
ިر̣Ȼĸ⻰һ˵ʱͺ
һ䣬Ҫ˪Ҷδǰݿ첽߳ϾһҵĽӡЯһ絽˺ҶøҶ¡
¹ȥС͸İͷƵģװ۵ġ˫̥̳˸ĸĺòƵġģҶò˷ͱ̨ûտʵЩģ̨һ쵽ŻȻů͡
㣬ϳԵɶ˵ͷҶԱģҶҲŪ
ԵУʮձǳϦҲˡҶɢʵЪס뵷ЩʲôˣȻ˵Ƶ¶۽ܲơ
ƣǵжʳŹð
Ҷ˵ûƣȷʵۿ˼ơͷƶʳģ˼еأһ˳Թ˻ʣĲŻóơҲ˵ܼûأҪǶʳš
ҳ꣬ȥؽѿ
ʣµһ̳ӾȹˡϴţżȵСơûȻҪŪҶ룬ڰͷȥ˵ؽѡ
ؽ˺ܶʳ붬Ժ½½ѾѳһСɽЩǵĥõۡ۶ڷĽո档ЩĽϵסΪҶϲ׷ϲ򵽵ģ㻨Ǯ
ò˵ϣҲҶδԽĲеĴҡ
ʳǹģؽôʳԵҲҶԺתһȦԺӿյģ껹ܻ˼òáϱӾƼ˻عɽ֣ԼԺӲõԴܼҲ߱Ǹ
£ƵҪƲϣҲƵ
Ҷϱǿؼ¼ƬģϾʱſġ˵ףƾ΢﷢Ͳƾϵİˡ
˵ƵʷùԭƴԼܷࣺһԹ﷢ѿķʽù﷢ѿʱøԭϱǻǷݣýĸǷתɾƾһ÷ùĹƳɾþøƼԭǻͳɾơŴľƾþģⶫСѩвǲõġ
ʵҲơԭϵĲͬкܶ־
ֻǵ򵥵һԭϺܼ򵥣ʹСʵ㶹ɡʽҲ򵥣Ƚԭ飬ˮѻһˮ衣õĴСŵȥʱעȥ̤ʱǡ
һľӰ죬ԭϵĳɷֺʱ¶ȡһ˵¶ȵĸߵͻӰƵŨȡ¾ľƻңƫŨ㡣еµƫͣƫ㡣
һ˵ƶֳɵľϾʱ̫ҪһʱաСǿԿЩձɡСϷеġԭϲŪҪŴ׻߾׽ޤҶ黨š
ޤҶⶫϷУҲŵġ黨УӦȥҩҵĵ黨Ҷζ뵹ơˡܺȵĹơô
룬ȥѰϺȥϵҩȥһۡžȻҪֳƷġžԸơŵĶ
ϺͷҷģҵϵüϾƼңȥʡҩǲŵģƵӺͷϴסǡ
вԺ󣬽ϵľҲŵġʱҸӶòԶϤϵ˼ĶʵŶġ˵ҶҪĶҲǽλƾƼһǺüסڵؽͷŸ궼еġȥҲеġ
ϺŲ̹ձñͼţȥˡ
Ҷν˽ΧС˻Ҷþ˵˰¶붬Ժʱܣһ˵İҹҶõ£ʲ¶Ҷѹãʵ̲סҶ˵
㣬˵ͷæʲôҶԴ޸ԺûȱӣԵĴҲڼǿࡣûʲôҵ˵˳ȥƤëʱûӪġ
ôѩƽ˶ţʲô
Ҷ˵ãҶΪ˶ãҶ֪
ҶҡͷҶ̾˿ǧʲô°
µڣѾǹ¼ҹˣ¶ȻЩϾںԸҲÿӡҶȰοʵڵǣ׿
Ҷĥãġ
Ҷߵõˣ˰ûСŮӣԸǸұ֤ܳԿ࣬˳ȥҲ̫ʵ˵Ҳ߲Ͼһ̯¶ܲΪ׮¾ͷżⲻܡĥĥȥ¶ǵ衡
衻ܵõˣãܲܽá
ĥ¶Ҷϥվ
صǰݣѾѼӽеȥԼһſڷѡҶ߹ȥƳһۣ˲ڡ
صڴī̧һҶΡ
һûټҶζЩŤġһģҶεǾԼˡ
ǱҲʰ߹ȥĶ
дţ֪д˭ٺܿ졣ҶοдţҶҲԸֳԾ͵ĬĬ۹۱Ǳǹġɷдţӷ̧
ĹսӳûӰС˳۽©˴Ĺ⣬ӡĹ㣺͵дţ
ûҶβ죬ҷôܿ
Ŷ衵ͷظ˸䣬ȡϵıպīˮֽдд˼ֺȻͣסüͷº͵ıʻô
Ҷһ£۾ƮȥԣղŲдô
̧ͷ΢΢ǡ
ҶΣ
թˡ
Ҷؿдһôһôˣ
ĿԣҶޱؽҶӵ¶˵ˡ
¶ʣʹԭҹҪ˵ģƳ׮¶͸ˡ
ҲϷ֮ģɫ¶û˵ʱԳƬ̵һ˴ġ
˵˴ϮӶꡣҶׯΪȽϿĴӣȻ׵塣Ҷû£Ȼ˽¸˴к⿴ŵԵʡϱûҶεӿĮ˵ⱲȴС
Сܲµġ֮ǰ˿ˣȻǵ״ҷſġ
˵϶ҶαҲͷ
衵ͷ׼дǰŵ˻ûߣ̧һüͷ
и¶Ҷһ˴ʱѴ룬ͷҲһ˿ֻҪһͷܿϵӡǣЩΣǸ
˵ʲô˵ɡ
꿪Ҫһŵù˸̼ȥһˡҶԼؽµ˵ԭڰһѡ̫ǰǱбûֽ档
û˵꣬дֵһ٣Ըȥ
ʵû˵ĻҲûȥ
üͷ
ͳĪҪɵ󵨡˵ȥ·ϴ͵ѾɾȴûΣաСŻ˺һЩĻɲⱡһ··᫣ɳڡɽˮҰ޺С˽ҲĪҪ˼
ҶΣ
ȥġžһ±ʣһκԼĪ¶ʮʱЩæջȥ̨һˣҲյ¶
Ҷû뵽ͷ衵¶찢ײβĹ
ţһ£Цˣǣҡ
Ҷʲôתһ룬ƻפص¶
УȻ㶼ô˵ҷˡҶ¶Ҫߣһ˸ץסŤͷ衴
ҶεͷסԼذָ̧ͷ
ͨǲڵģСʱ򱻻ʵԳһ㣬ӣ㶼ǴšһܳȥͷһաȵԱڱҹҶεĴͷţ㡣
ڻҹһҹû˯̤ʵ
΢ı仯ҹǳǳ̽ʮȷҶǽġҹǵǿиϣˣٳһװɡ
Ҷһ㶡
ҶΣ
˵ʵ衵׽Ҷһ㲻ųģԼҲ֪˵ܶʱ򲻴ȻҶԼԼ̫ɬֻʱҲûôˡץ죬ðľȻһ仰е㾪㤡
֪ΪĿЩ죺ΪͻȻô˵
衶ҵĻ´ªұʱڼСһ£þģʮܡ
Ҷ˵һ۽޲˲
֪Ǻ⣬վһֻֻػס֫ҶεǰĻ²ܰأ֮Լ
˵ԭ˵޸衣ʵûи衱˰ó׵ġԭʮƸýˣȥҶҴġûûоϯǰªϰ׸һֻ󹫼ݵáģһֱûл
̧ԭҲδȥƹ衡иĸ֮ý֮ԣʵײࡣ
û˵ʱ˼̹׵ظҶʱҶβǡҶϡ
㣬ڿЦ
ǣʮ֣ءϸԻĸ̸̽Ҷε˼Ժ̬ЩƲסļ׿ϡ
ʽҲôҪҲǰ⡭Ҷε۽޾ҵض£еͷƤ顣ǵ¶ҲԣʵǺʽ̧衣ܾǴʱ⻰˵ڣǵڰε˼ϡ
գգ۾ϻǸ嵭飬ĪίͰ͡
Ҷץץͷ˵һ㣺Ȼǵ³׵ĻҲǲԡô࣬ûôܲﱸ
£ǣӦҳɻǡ
ҶΣ

ϡͿشӦذ£Ҷ˶µġֻ衴¶Ҹôôͱ
ԽԽԼ˸ˣԺͷһ죬Ϻţˡ
ңˡϺȥƼĴ̳ӵľƣִЩͷձñȫѩӣնͨ죬ȴЦ⣬ҪҲˡ
Ҷӵվ˽Ѿ߳ӣơ


66 
ţķذĴ̳ӾƣһӴСĹӡǹӿʵ£ҲȾˮࡣһСݡȻɹɵģҲʵݡ˵ںиơƻơƵҪԭϡ
ңǸ÷ĶǰȻǷŵؽҶƺдӣϺ͹ȥ֮ǰȻ
ŵؽѡҶνǾݸ̫һ˰᲻ͽˡ
ϺһţؽǱȥ
ֳɵľҶξͲƳɾŪȷһߣ꿪ܲŪơƳҶαһӾݣ̧Ⱦ衶ʱѾдżȼ͵ŷϻᡣ
չžһ£ҶŵժϵľͷһСӾг˰ĴСķ״һŨζ˱Ƕ
ʲô衽żװãᴵ͵ƣЩ档
Ҷе˷ܣܲơ
üͷҶǰЩ治Դôģ衶ʼҶε˭̵ģܶôණ
Ҷȴû˼ȥʲôУ˵ɾ͸ɵġȻõˣȥƿŬļ¼ƬǵһŴ׾ҲֻǷһҶȥ˸Сպȡһ½ӷãŵױ̨档
շȥţ콫ͳŽŷŵӵĶȻŪ˸ӴŹӵĶһһơ
ֻüͷĹӺ̧̧־õĹӣ衣ҲҶġ
ҶΣ
ˣ۲Ĳתߡ
ʳڵؽѣ׾ƵĲͼˡֻҪúΪԭϣסС󡢴ס붹֮ʳ죬Ͼķĩˮ۷ֽࡣؽѻ˷͵ĵطִ෢Ͳƾɡ
ͬʳľζȻǲͬģؽ񴢴ıǸȻǸԵİףҶȻ᲻óƵġ
ߵؽߣؽͷΧһȦˡҶôż֪ʱܳܲͷΧڵؽڣſڵϲ֪ڸʲôҶ˵ûҲŲ߿ءҶһϺӡ
Űӷȥͷڷšðӷ˲ŸҰᶫȥ
ҶŤͷһţͣڲԶͷ̳Ӿƻţϡ
ˣȥᡣ⼸̳ӾƿžͷᣬϺӻ°ᣬ̫ΣˡҶΰĲݸҶãţԸۻǰݡ
ߵſھײ߳Ҫȥŵ衡Ҷοһǰһסϸģ๫æ
ЩĻһ䵽衶ߣŪЩܳ
ﴧżʵҲżģҲûҶΰߡΪʲô¶˭֪ͱؽԱߡ۾ôһɨ֪ǸʱҶξû
ҶЦЦͷϺ˵˾䣺ÿⶫ๫ɡ
ϺҲԾҶһ˵ÿˡ
εطƳһҶΣɿ־ߵؽԱ濴һۡʱĵؽǵȲ̫ģͷڹ¡˵ġ˵߶ȣϺȥҪﵽؽͷĶ²ϴȥ϶ֻйķݶ
ôɨһȦûȥƳҶӸⵣûסҶεͷϻϻۣӲϣˣɣ⼸ӶԱվһ㡣
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Ӹ׶Ҷβ֪ݵǲеŶԣ˸ݣǴݣϼƯúܡ
ҪҰ𣿡ӣ£ұȥˡ
ҶͶͷҲصذڰ֣ã֣Ұᵽȥ
衣
װغȥȻݡЩʳݹʱˮȥûгֵףҶȥ潫ǰ̲˵ļ׸ҳָȥϸϴɾ
ϴҲɾˢϴҶְ⼸̳ӵ̨ˮˮһ顣
衿źæȻ죬ҶȫûմֻεЦһתȥ
һȥ֣߽滨ȥһϤݸǰţͷһūŹǷسţ˭Ĳ˯ˣ
һ衣㶡
Ƭ̺ͳһؽӭȥ
Ҳ˵æŸŶҶߴĵظЩǵҲסܹ֣ư
𰡣ҶõĹӵϣǵꡣ
ҪʱյģʱԽԽ㴼Ҫô˵þҪꡣϵͷϵżӣЩ棺ʲô
ɱɱҶҲûսͣչͽҶýԺõĸϡ
Ҳôʵڲ߶źӵҶû뿴֣ϸˣӸϽͻȥⱻСĿˣʱ۵ģ
Ҷñ˵һ죬˼Ҫȥ
Ͽһ˱Ҳ㣬ͽȥ
СһߣͿϺ̨ͷŻ𣬼Сߴߴ˵ֵúܡ˫ĿȺһɨû衣üͷʱʰأѩѵ壬ô֪Ҳð¶
ڣȥˡҶæ͵У顣
ô£æȫµ¶æˣѩҲͣڶϿĶ˫Ŀ͸ҷɵ۷׷ŻƵҶεղճҲҶδˣæ˴Χ˳־ͰΧˡϸ޳Ĳ¶棬һ۾ƼͷͲͷʺǺۡ
Ƴʱһ۾͸ϸЦ⣺ҿһҪ˵˵ѵ͸ڼЪһЪ㣬ɵ
Ҷ⵽ɻػͷϾǳЦûӦץΧŷӦ
ҶΣ
Цеģ϶Ц˻ΧΧҶεĲϣЩһΪãΧãΧͦÿģٸһ
ΧһŤקިȥˡ
ҶΣˣĿҲá
ûһˡʱҶ߸Ѿˡŵһ ŪҶỤ̄ʳֻȿһԿܳɣȻַͬ˲׼վȴǰ䲻һˡ
Ҷ̧衶һԶĵطֺȻͳһƴľӵݵĸǰҶһ㶣ʲô

ҶκɵؽӹȥһɫĿ֬
۽ʵûӰθáɫǿԣǿܵԡ۾һ˫ﵹӳҶεӰȥͿͿǲ촽ɫ
Ҷ򴽿صĸоǸҪɫʵԺ˵˵ġ


67 
ѷĵطҶѾûлױ˵ʵյ֬Ҷεм𶯵ģ̇衿ãҶεûס۽Ц衿üҲЦˣͷһŮӴ˵˽ƷʵҲЩȻ
ϲ
ѡϴĳ˽Сʶ־ڷѡ񲻱ȥȻͿճʱæġͷǼѴ컹ûʱǷˣɫȻܳ㣬
ҶӦһľп֬Ȼ־衵쳶Ըǰ⧲һ£ɫܺÿ
󲻴Ӧתߡ
衽Ӳڵ˰Σָ̧˸촽ûסշ˱졣̧ϲ֪ʱڴ߳Цĸף°վһԵػݡ
ҶεϵóһɫİȹЦеҶεϱȻɫϵĲׯ巻ҵģ޶ף͸żֻáϵʮָ߼ģҶʺϺɫɫÿÿҶһȻܽ쾡µչʾ
˵ʵɫóҶǾܾģϱӰ졣ҶܰѡǺڻһɫһЩɫܰģܾɫ̫޻һóǾܾģһЧ˵ġ
Ҿ˵ʺϣЦеظҶϵȻҵ۹û
ҶαϸϸʰһվھǰЩ¡۾Ҷοãвסصͷһʰ˶ĿʰСӿǿϣûϹƤࣺп֬ôŪһŪױݣ
ϻһ䣬Ҷٿһ̧
ȿȣڴǰġĿЩȥױ̨ǰһӳҶΰ߰ͷᣬʰСӴδ͹˭ƷҲ۹Ŷ
һ˵ŻһСȥƳҶεɫ
ҶǲԾ̣ͲԾױˮ׼µŮӸܼģС㵷Щ˴뱲ӡױ㣬ΣѣҩţЩԷˮһ硣ֵֻ㾳ĲʵãŻὫӹǰ㾽ȡҶεҵصӽɿϾʱȥĥЩ
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ŪҶøСհ죬ҪΪԸͳģһֵˣǮİ
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ԭΪƼԸ޵ģҪ˵תȦٳȥ衸ǰתȦ˭֪ȰҶһ͵ôһ仰
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ķ㶮ױҲѿʽ͵㱾ҲСЩõõһ׬Ǯ·Ҷʵ˵ˣֻϻƵôæͷԺתһȦѹȥϸŪôһ֣˼ִˡ
϶˶٣һ룬Ҳǡ
ྩǮľ֬ӣҪǮǲׯ巿ྩҴ࣬ںԺŮҲࡣһһĵ֬ˮۺ޳Уһܹһǵİճһꡣ
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СؽľпתͷЦеؿҶΣĥǣʰ֧㡣ⷽﲻ˵һãԽ߾ܡ
Ҷ˸ҰģЦأһһ
˵껰ҶζһͻԸݡ߶ţһơҶν̧ͷ۾ʱһҶοûʲôŮӵĽߣ㲻̬ذ˰°ߵ衸ǰȸƵĳüһЦÿ
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Ҷνǰת˺üȦĿ׷áȻžһСϡȻ¿Ь
ҶһֻСӣŤͷۡ
ֻһԵؿţߵϵǰֵ£ЩҪ˵
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۽Ƴ̧ȴϿš֪ǹ⻹ôɤߣȴҶ͵ǰĻµǰ̫ʲݣʱ˲ڼУͿؽš˵ʵЩײࡣûһ£ĸף³һ¡
ҶβԾشͷƤ鵽β׵ǣ඼Ž
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ȿȣվֱ壬ҶγЦЦʲôϵˣ
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š
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ҶЦеĵͷÿ𣿡
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ҶúҶںŷҶϴѷûܹҡͷմˮϹ治Ƭ̾ͽҶθɴŪӽݣ֮˩Ѹϡ
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֬ҶνľŵϣŤͷҶв˵ֶͣˣôˣ
ҲǼ֬ġŴͿŪøƵġ
Ҷóôûֻ֪֬ŴÿͿ˽֬ⶫͿǳģôԭⶫͿô
ҶͿһأգ幫ҵĽŪġʵ˵ͿҲҶôδⶫͿþȻÿģ㣬㣬⡭
ŶŪġ
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Ҷôһ˵˶ʱ͸ҶöҶ촽ɫЩգôý֬ɫ֬Ĳһ
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ͷȷʵǣϻضϱǱŹݵáʲô
У¶졣ҶĲܵ£ٰ¶㰲Ĵ¶Щܡʱæһ±ǡ
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Ҳָʹæ򣬶ȥŪ
Ҷһõļ£ҹæҹŵ壬ҶζҪġæýŲմأҶҲ¶һһҹ󣬴ձõȥ
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ÿùȥһ·͡
Ҷ߰ѾŪˣҲڴ̨ˡ
һȵ衣ڶáӣһҶθ衵ԷŵǼӱʰɴ൱鷿ͷ֪ʰͦӡһܣŪ˲顣Ҫ̸¶Ҳеط̸
ڶ̸˿ʱһ˼س̧ͷҶΣ衷Ÿһ¶ԸԴ㣬¶۲˵ô
ҶεЦˣ˵ˣôŪûá
Уһȥѣһ̸ȥһ̨ЦƲʲôϸ֮ܿóɫҰס
ҶЩ֣Ҳûʣͷʾȥ
˲ʱҶᵽһŨѪζʱһ⡣衴ӶݳҶŰıӰ˼ỽһ
Ҷλͷ߹ס֣˵ӡ
治δǺڶġҶα衴óӴ£һյ͵ƵȼƻһըӾ͸оҡҡҷҷģӳյ衵䣬м֣صӡ
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һ¶Ҫ˵ģҵĳ֪ҶףҶλ㱥ʫ飬ŷǳõĽģܣ衣ʰȵ۵ʵ۵ӾĵӣǰҸܼ˹ݣš
ҶεĿ˵һ۽΢΢һ˲ȴᶨؿš
йһ׮£˻游յ㡣δּͻ飬游ڱҲԼʱ̲ͣעҶεɫܣһӱǼҹҶᣬҶλ飬ֻгһǡ⡣ʱҵ⣬뿴ġ
Ҷһ£뵽ǰżȻ衵ĶԻʶλǸ˹ˡ촽ʶðһ䣺÷
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Ļû˵꣬ҶεɵؾбһġôҲš
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Ҷκɵضȷʵϵӣǿǿصͷаɣҵ˵ġ
衿㵹Ц˵ǻѪҶûʲôӦ˵⡣е˿˿⣬ּҸ֮ܲԩΡиôһ·ϡظ¾ֻʣި
ţԼĪ֪һЩһЩšҶεͷأкҪҽ
ûˡ衼סһƲͬʱЩЦãô죿ߵǣ
ʲôʲôҶ̧㱨ǣң
š
ô
ܡ
ⲻͽˣܲˡ
ҲվԹȥ¡һΣգҲĸԸ⻰û˵ϸϸضҶΣһ˿һϸ΢仯ôҶξǸںӡ
ǲģҶ˵ʲôҲһݵġҶΰ°ͣ˵ʱеĽӦʱβ¡һ˾Ȼеӷ㵽׵ġ
ĿȻҶαڻһ㵽ס
˵꣬Ǿòֵһԣ׷ŮӣҲҪӡ
ҶΣ


68 
Ҷһֱ·ĸоֻǸо̫ϱҲûĵˣѵһԿ衳ݼЩ鷳ʵίʵںҲϺദҪǣϵӵܲסһ
̸һѾѸϹҶĶһ۱ȥ
ҶѾӦһеҲ˳Ȼ
Ҷνа£ͳȥϸ̸簢һȥٴ£һٲСꡣԴסеĻ㣬Ǯôۡһ˹ȥߵӺΰš
㣬˵ʵҪȥСС˿Ҫչˡ
˭ԼĵȥȫҶտ˼˵ĻһĿڳҶεסҶεģȥһ˼˵ҪͣܰҴеĳסȻǹ˵ġϾȥһҲĶᣬǸҳʶ
ô˵гȥһز죬϶ô򵥡
ܰ˵⻰ĻǺˣҶǸ˵ġԼһס˵ҶûҪǻرȴԲ顣
סӦҪҲøֻʼ϶ûôֻ˵Ǯ
ƯҶҲǻ˵ϾҲмҵˣȻҪЩˡҲ˵࿪Ͱճ̼ʦĹǮ㡣Ҳֹһ˹ȥҲһȥСӵ̫ˣ֮ȥ£Ҹıһӡ
һ˾ûҪͣҶ˵Щϲ⡣
˵ף˵áȢ˸ӣһ˫̥ӼҽöǺˡЩжԵ黰Ҳ˵ֻҶһ仰ģҶȻѣٲʧ
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ҶҴڵ̫Ӿʦܵľһ·ʵڲУȥʳ̼ҲСҶһֱĲҶҵаȥһˡҶοɫӵļ۸û̼˶ɴҲһȥ
Ҹһȥɡ⼸ڼУҶҪű
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˶٣Щȥһˣѹѷ
衣
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˵ţ˫۾бҶΣ˿װ˶Ⱦ˵ġ
Ҷתһ룬Ҳǡ
ͷһַųȥͷԸ֫סһ٣˳ҶνŲµذʱͷ衷ųһˡҲ飬ߵ衱Աߡ
ûаڣϺϳ
һ˦⳵߶ܽΪѩҲ˰硣ǵʱʱ̡ȥ̼ǰţܿСͯСŹǣӡ
мվǳϦֵ̼ĺܡϺѩڴ˴ߵˣڳ̼ҴԺסʱԺǰͥп̸ŹµڵҶιϻذͻû̸۸¶һֱδŹµϾһ׮¶δˣͷܡ
ⲻ˵Ҷǹæ˹ӭ
˵ҲǴɣ̷ڼ˿С¿ø˴ԴͷŹ˵Ҷϰˣʱһˣȥӭɡ
˵꣬ŹµķӦĹһӾܡ
̷Ľų̿úܣһգ۵Ĺ˾ͳ嵽ǰԺԶһźɫȹŮӴ⳵ҪһζͿ⳵Ůһˡȳĺ˽һ˵ĻС̷Զĵطͣס˽ţһݽ˱ѩ
˷Ҷվȣϸճϵͷ۵Яת̷緽ſӵݡһۣһ̷
ʵϣоͼһ衡ʱڣǸȽŲĲмʱ̷δ֮˿Сȴͬ
ֻɡѲֻ̫һһʫ续ƫ̼һǵϢ˼ң˼̼һֱܼҵĶȻҡһ䣬פص˾һҪ
̷ʱȽϵ˼´衡
ɫȷʵԹӲҪ̫̫ӻıҡǿ׳ܸɣӻ޶Ҫ˶ԣ̷˫ֱ˹
˫ӭϣ̷ҶιһЦζþò
ҶΣܾó̷⻽Сķʽ˱Ť
Ҷβ֪ôأԱЦݿǵЦ⡣⶯īһתϳ̷ƵһϵԳ˼֮ɫ̶ԣӵĹĪҪðĺá
̷һһ䣺ζʶǷǱѰ˾ĪҪС֮ġ
⻰һأնʱͽ
ԭվںͷû˵ʱų̷ûִĻüͷҲšǸ̷ġʱôˬȴҲоʱˡ
衵ɫ䣬񽥽̼ҴŴҴܳһˡŹµһס¶ĳ̷磬קһȥŹ衾һ񣬿ͿԲס֪˾ǰ˾˾õˣλЩ롣롣
߰ɡҶס衵󣬲һ仰Ҫ
ٶŭ衴ʱһ˵ĶȻѵñһƸŭˡҲûоƳһ۳̷磬Ҷһ˳̼ҡ
ӵļ۸̸£Źµھ˼ҶƷȥõġŹµŮؿ˺üأ˵˶׾˲١¶ȻŹ¼ˣҶǸɵĹϵ˫̸۸Ҳ㡣
ŹµûǱҶ˵
ϾǺ۸񶨵ԽߣǳɵȻͻԽߡŹҲϣúгķչ˷˽顣
̼ȥĻ۸һǮáŹΪ¶ĥüˣҲ˺üĸ塣˵⻰ʱ۾ʱʱ衣Ȼһʼĸãʵ۸ϸ
Ҷ˼Ƭ̣ÿС֮ǰһ衡
衶ЩƷļ۸˽ⲻ࣬ǵ˫ĺϵŹȷʵûбҪʹӡҪһȥģҲסͶ۸ɡ
öף˫ǳź
Źµһ۸͸ѵ˹ΪȻҪġŹ¸Ҫ˵˽ݣǱ߾ˡ̼үԹ衷򸾡ҪȥҶׯһˣ뿪
ҶƳٲȻ̼үȥ
ǲ£ͷȻҴҵܽһˡһļ⣬׳ʵСɽҶλûӦأԱ衿һ˲ЦݶĮˡ
Ҷ۽ע⵽仯ؿȥ
Ϳһͦ׺ݵڳүӵߣү˸˾ǲĳӣ㡣
Ҷգգ۾Щ㣬ôˣ


69 
˭ҶûӡҲСһ꣬鶼Ѿģˡ˼ǵһؼ˻ûм䡣ע⵽ı仯Ҳֻһ˲Ƭֺ̺޺ۼҶζΪղĴ
ڳ̼˷̼үʮ̸⼸ʮϴļʶͺˬӣҲȷʵ˼ٵĩˣүӲŸпԼӶǿѹܡ
ϴԭ˽̳ҵģ϶Ϊ֣ϴֵܶЯֽ巢󡣵ϴһգȥսϴһѹôûͶ񵽵׻Щѹסˡ϶ʱֲ⡣̼ôļҵôˡֵ̼һĶнӣүĺܡ
үӸпЩʱҶθȻûдү˵˼ûڱû˵˸ȻؽתƵȥ֮˵һٿǱ
Ǵӳ̼ҳѾ⳵ϵˡ
ҴȥҶׯһˣҶҵǰ˴ʱһҶɽҶҵֶûʲô£ֻǶˡСӹҲ˵ĶСŮȻ֪ĶġҶϷǸӣҲû˵Ҷ˾ܼҡ
ҶɽӴҶõĻϾܿǲؼŮġȷԼ˵¶᲻ܼǻˣֻ֪ЩǮƸϷޣûñˡ
ʱڳűĿҶ衳㽫Ҷҵ˵
Ҷû˵Ҳû˵ȥ˼˵ͷת˳ϣһߵøȵһЩЩֵƳһ衣ƺҶε̬ȡȻҶΪ䵭ͷ¶Բ밢˵
ˣȻȥɡΣռҶϵӣǻҶҶЩˣСܵ䡣ٹһˡʱʲô˵
һҲǣǻȥҲ˶áҶϷһٿߣͽǷǡ
⳵һ˦Ӿ֨ѽ֨ѽʻ
ǻصϣǳϦ쵽Եʣԭ󲿷ֶ˵⼸նˡǵʳӣЩʵĳʳ˳ƺƹԳкߺŽй·Ҳвӵ˼Ҹ˳ֵģȻмֵĸо
ܼҹĶͱˣȴȵ⳵ϵֵͣ
׵ĶЩûбȫ˶һЩȥûྩʱȣ衻ǾЩͼȥɡ
ҶſڳԱ߿ţҲͷ
żҶҵҶ˵һҴҾͻܼҡ˵ܼԺǰʱͷ˵Ҷβʱ򵽵˭ƿԺӲſһȺüϲĸˡһȺΧ˵ЩɤŴģ˵Ҫ䡣
ҲЩԾҶͶܼôãûܼôֵʱ
⳵ϵǰԺĿյͣҶηȹڴ⳵
Ժžô⳵ȻƼˡʱҶһ¶˵Ŀ⡣һȺ۾鵽ҶΣʱ;޵Ŵ͡ЩŵһĴȾͳɤӿҶòÿϱúðʮҵôεĹңϣ⿡ҶҪλˣ
һ䣬˾͸ſ䡣ɤŲСˣ˵ŪҶԿǶ˵졣
ȴѵûóһȺֵĸмЦеġ˵ʲôӦ͵صͷǸ˵ʲôҲеԱҶһС̵ģȻҲ˵һͨ
˺ð죬ҶβŪȺϵиĸˡҲ⸣ļٵģʮľô˵иȷʵӶรϾͻǮ˸ˣȫˣ˵֬ٶҶͷ
һԭΪ˻¡
ȺûֻΧҶһͨе޵ġӦһܼҰæ˵˳ɻҪעˡ˵¶˶ǵǮһץ˹ӵˡ
ҶΣ
Ȼǣԭ³Ҫɻˣ
ҶֽŲϵƮУ̿ˮĪصĽš
ݣһѵǹͺֽæµļ˶ʱ̧ͷˢˢؿҶøҶŰæϻһڲֽ˷ֹЭһ˷һ˸ǹӰֽϻżš
Ҷգգ۾ȥƳһۣŷûرʵҶüҶο˳ڸ˵Ҫĵͷȥģ˵Ҫͷ˱ϲ
˵ˣϵҲܵһЩǣԹŴ̸ڵģûô׳һ嵱նϹϵնüʱһϵһĸͬˣ˻ྩިĸҲԴң游һұᵽǱ١䲻ϵˣǾȥһŸϲ
ҶЩ˵̧ͷϵӡϵŵƣڴߡϵŸᡣһֻһѣֽǼó塣
Ҳüĸġ
Ҷξ쵽Լ̬Щͷβûô¶ϣʱЩصûһʱԺͷִ˶
衻ˡ
ϺԺţԺͷ˵˻衲һͦİͷŽҶڿϵһ˫۾ֱض㽫ù
ʲôȥȡҶƳһ̽طŵϡ
šͷæʲôȻǿˡһֻذ׵ֹϵıӣһ裬ǳǳһ裺ơ
Ҷĵѵʲôִ
ͷһ׷ǳҾļ£ͷͼǽģ顣µ棬ذڷһ佲ΡǶʮţС״Ҷζǲȥ̶ӡȻܾҶգգ۾ǽ
˵ʱҶʶذɤѹĶŪһף
ϵĽ˿ϵĶ飬һҪϾʱûļŪô鶼ǿһŶȥ
˵㹦Ƴɵġ衼ҶüͷЩ죬ôˣ飿
ͼ¶ɣ˵Ҷһһߵżµӣ򴽣¶ǵ˵һ£ʱվһֱڰҹذ¡ҷųһۣǱѾˡиʮҲˡ
ﾹҲ壿衺Ȳһͣյʱڼң˵ĸţȴĸ׵Ӷ࿴һʹ˼ĸҲҪӣסĲֹϣҶáôãæµæµ¶
šҶεͷﵽʱãҹһǻᴩһס
Ҷε˼ȻסŪپҲһһƳһǻСŪѣҲûÿϧﴩơ
䲻ðһ䣬ҶΣ
ƺʶԼ˵ˣЩε
Ҷһת¶̲ס٩๫ôȻףٲõĸµġӺʱƵģ
衣
Ȼû˵Ҷζ˼ʱˣȻҶ֪ǰˣǲԽҶ֪ͼı죿ֻƫȥ˵ȻԿϲĸûʱѸһҲӦ
ȲˡҶϸؽ۵ãʰøɾЩԡ
ҲУҲżܹ͡¸³ͳɻ飬лмﴩ
һζ͵գۼٽء
ܼûʲôݣֻҶһ߶ٽ¶ʮһգϽҶθСһС̳Ӿƺֻһ⣬ȥҶׯһˡҶ÷ҲһȥҶЩԥȥ±𱸣ﲻ
ҶӼ¶ȷʵ˵ҶϷʲôҶȻûҶҶ˱ֵöͦµģҶαҲǿɣȥٻȥ
ҶôͷԵģ׷ų˰·ֻܼҡ
⳵ٶҪţö࣬ѩĸɾ·͸ߡ˴ҶӵϢҲݻȷʵҶɽߣҶ顣Ҷɽʲô£ǰЩʱҶɽѾ룬ǱͷһйĽʿиȥ̨
һҶɽǸ꣬һȹƾһç֮õһȹȲѧʶͲǣǸԼе֮ˡֻǺųЩ깦һֱѹţֻͷǰЩʱͻϮ߾ͷע⵽ߡϲŽ¶ƣҶɽһٱεУξһְ
¶·ͻȻҶҲ衲ȥĻҲ֪鵽Ȼעһ
⳵ߵһ·ϣ衱㽫¶Ҷ˵ˡ
Ҷ÷ڶţ֪ЩʲôҶõǼòˣҾ˵϶ᴳСͲһˣ
Ҷøһ̲סֹҲǵģȥ̨ôҲݸŶ
Ҳ˵ʱȷʵ˲ôࡣҶҲһ˵Ҷγ˸ҶϺŴôǶҶҴһӡûС֪״һȥҲ¶˵ҶҶɽ֪Ҷû£ľͷˡ
ظأҶʵҶɽĳҶأǸһȥ̨
ҡҡͷҵûϸ
û£ظҲ¡Ҷβһ죬ҪôҶС飬Ҫôһȥ̨µġ
ôһ˵ҲǣҶǳ׷ˡ
һ·ûô˵ҶƳһۣɫЩ۵ģ첲⵷˵ҶáҶûﱧСˣ̧ͷһҶΡҶʾԼ๫Ҷò⵽Ȼȷʵ˽Ⱒֻһ۾Ϳʲô
ڣҲÿοֻ˵һ䣺Сߺˡ
ֻ̧˻ΣȻС۾ˡһ˫Ĵ۾ֱضԼ׵ȻЦ
֨ѽ֨ѽߵҶׯӿڣһèȻֵúܡԶ˿⳵ͷ
һ·ôɵĴ⳵ͣҶͯļǰ˾͹֡֨ѽһ򿪣ͷһεý˻۵ͷһ죬뱧һŮŮҶׯ찡ⲻʮ˴һ֦Ҷô
ҶΣǲź֪֪ĿҶǸȵķһƬȻ
Ҳ˵衵ĳָӵ˶̸ʺ𾪣ͷһ˫̥Ҳв۲ѡԭֹҶͯһܵܣĶʱĽ
ҶθҶǰͷ衸˶ںͷ
ԺͷűЬ׵Ҷ¶͸Ͻӭ
ŮŮŮҲǴԼƤġҶϿҶҶû˵ֱĨᡣһк˽һ泶ɤӺͷӿˣ
һŶĺҲܳ
̶СδҶͯϷʮ겻ֹԭȻ׵ͷȫˡҲݵĺܣĶҪ̧Ҷο˶ЩҶһ⸱ģĶҪˡŶҲ˵еʰȫȥϵӡҶЩʳõȥʰ
һҶͯкŮȥ衣
Ҷͯչ˵öȻ衣衳פظ߹¶Ǹڴ˲ҶôȣҲ衴к˿ˡҶͯȻǸ׶Ƶġ԰̬ԲЩǰصӹϷȻҲȡ
˵ǲˮʵ衣Ҳͦõġû䣬衱㽫Ҷӵ˵ˣ˴С˾ҶפأӪв¡
ҶͯһŮصҶƽϢ˵ú۾û¾ͺû¾ͺã
߶ţҶͯü۵Ļɢࡣˢһվߵ̫¶ûȣ㱻żһˤȥӣӣʰŶˣ˵СҶϴǶȫĺܣû£Ƕúõģ
үӣүӰүҶҡ
Ҳ˵Ҷϸ˵ԭתȦҶںϴˣʰѼ⡣ﶫһӾܣһҶҲͦõģû˵ھʻȥ
˲ϵˮſڡҶͯҶϷݡ¶һ˵꣬衱ֽҶɽȥ̨¶֪λһ׮ҫĴ¶һ䣬Ҷͯûȥظͷ
⡭ǼҶ¥ĴӣСϻ۹ˣﳤɽУξȥ̨ˣôһ׮ϲ¶ôڵϣû˸˵öҪʹȥ
һҶңͷβһ˶ϲġ
ҶͯĶĶãֻͺϢŮ϶ð⡣ſҶǶ˫̥۾С˶úÿࡣȻԣŮҶϾںԵиҶȻûԣҶղʲôǳԺҲˡ
Դ˰ûٱںԹġͶҶΣڽҲʲôʲôƽԷϳԣȾҲȵġ
δóʣʲôίȴɬɬ
һپƳԵڲ÷ŮŮ뿪衸Щƣڳ߶˵ﱧһ˯ģҶҲһ˿ŴҶβ衣˲Ϳˣǹġ˶ǶĻС
Ҷθо첲ԼؿڣЩŢ̌ȴﲻ֪ʱһСֽ
ʲô
촽ҶεľƤϲȥȵ촽Ҷһ飺ġ
Ҷκɵؽӹһֱ
һڣȻж̧ͷҶ۾ҶҲûԶ٣ﻹźӡ㽫ǰֱȥҶĬĬһ
Ϻͷϳ
ãҶҲֹ֪ǸҶ˵ȻҶΣ㣬ĲŮôûôˣȴû˵һ仰á
Ҷһ̧
ҶһָֻŰĲǰ˵˵ָϧԸǮԸҺȻ˵ͦԵġ㣬³ذ¶Ǳ˵ˡҲʡ֪ǮˣǸӰûûˡ
Ҷһ£û뵽ҶúȻ˵
ҲˡҶ˵


70 
ȥҶңһ׮¡˵ҶβδҶ³ɻһЩ⡣ȥˣҲֻ˵Ҷ̫࣬³һλԣĪҪҶˡ
⻰Ҳֻܻӵˣһסϱż޹ǶʱվͿռҵ׵ĲңԴ򲻸ҶԺĹëܿ¼ٱҶǶϷ
ͷˣȻǾǵ˼
ʣǼɸҼĳȥˣ
衴Ӧżĳȥá
ǰû衳֮¸֪ѣزŲٳһ硣ԭǰƣûԼлŻȥһաͬˣҶθڣֻܼԽԽãһӻٻȥ
һζ͹գ۾³
ϦһչҲܼ֡˵˲࣬ҶεúӣֵҲͦ˸ˡ߼˸ľ൱ͳ衽˸еꡣ
䣬䣬ɽټһһ˶˵İͼûĹҲ˹ǵȻ֮ˣһϲһ㲻
衻ذǶ֪㿪ʼŲá
ܼҵԺӱʹ󣬿տúܡҲǴĶŪĲʵƲʴܼҵԺӵϷӣ˲ʴµӲ̨ͤ¥󣬶˵ġǰԺ˸ķ̨첼̵ģġ
衵˵Ȼǲġ꣬˶ôׯࡣ
ⶫͷ̻ͦȴʮټͻҪŪһ̻֡ҲҵĸŪһ̻˵ǳɻĵԺš
࣬衾Ϊ˰һĻ
ԺǽԱߵĵʱͷ壬õһһ׼ҪǴûȾÿ죬һȶܼۡ˵ҶԸõģ䵱ͿΪԱˣҲǸĺݵġ
ôû˾͸ϽŪ
ɻ鲻ٰ֪ȷʵҪķʱաӺ̨ķһգֹػѧһѧҶ᲻أרŸ˵˺ЩעҶҲţ˵Ůһһֻһλ顣衵ⲻĻú顣
ԺӵĺͲʻֵ˹һϰϵؿֱÿȻǺÿЩãٰӡ
ûҶǮЩ֪ĶŪġҶòҪǵ˻ᱻٳʴ̰֬ʲôġ
ֻЦӶˣġ
ҶЩ飺û˵Ҫ
ţЦü䣬㲻Ҫ㡣
ҶΣ
ҲûµӴĶŪģҶһĬĬ¡
һҹȻҲǹĿ죬ҶθоԼű۾˯¾Ҫˡչأ⼸նϵҶõݸġҶθҶ˯ССӶǱ߾͸չˡ컹δҶξ͸о
Ҷɤֹ˵ֵҶζӶ
Ҷǰ˯ϰߣʱҲ̫ѣ
ͷѾۼˣֵļˣߴߴֵ˵Ż΢ĵƹսŷ죬ҶѾѴˮҶθϽ¿ȥϴ
ױ¶ȻŪ˵ٺҲǵա
Ц֬ˮ۶Ū׵λױݻá
Ϊ˸ҶεױϻŪһ׵ױߣԼŪ׽ۡôԵģϸĺܣȻȥۣ֬Щ̫ˣſҪġ˵ױ׵žױˡ
ҶεͷʱƺǺǦģ
˵ĸױȷʵЩϹأѳ׵ģ񲻹ǲ졣Ϲر㲻Ϲˡ
ȫ˽˸ľӸҶͷ˵ЩЩʵҲ죬ȥġΪ˵Ļ°Щ¶㸣
Щ˼ױ̨ǰŵҶξ̲סޡǺĻǲҪǮ˵
ϲӣЩûҶȻյȫյġ
ͷҲû֣ѵϲ¶ȻǴһߡϵֺɣױŪЧһ̫̾ķ¸˲ָ̣ɱܴȥáҲʱҲǲſһͷһ˶ķڡ
ãֻüһ׼£ڿû˴򡣴ʱŷ㶰죬̯İͷһļϣͷɵķ˱ƻ
¸Ҳͷһؼôÿļ£һҲָɲɾȥ
ĲˣһֲֻĿˡҶò֪ʱǱ߸Ϲһۿǲصڼ¿ٿקקġ
䲻ҲˡһֵǮϾͷӶҶÿ̫Щ¸ˡһûָ˳˲עһ鴧ȥϰ˶ʮշµ¶Ѿ۾ȥϡ
Ҳǵϲͷһ׼£ƵǼҪöࡣ
ѣԼǼЩó
ﲻһףҶαţϺȻŤͷһƼϵѣʱü֪˭ô죬ڹİó⿪ˡ˵̾ҲҶõãҰɡ
Ҷͽֳûָȥؽ¸۵øһž͵Ǹȥ㣬Ұõȥˡ
ţҶεͷŤͷϵҾʹס
ЩԥŸá
ҶεһЦǲһѲԽԽԼЩԳ
˵ûңϱ仰üЦ
Ҳ飬ŤԼȥȡסմӹȡͿҶüͷ̯ڿƣôˣ
߱˿ˡҶԼ磬㣬ָͱקˡ
ȥŻЦһ١ϲӣЩ¶Ҳ˵ֻҶýϸŻİźЦֿȥ
ױ췢÷ڣһ̾
ͷæµͷһһľ̲̾סб衡ʮÿĹﱻˣ˸˵˵ǲһ佫̻ںԺĿյϣźˣڵʱų֡
ԭһϺֹϹģ˻ѩûʰʮֿտ
æ꣬ϲ֣صóһžĸͷҶθϣЦ۾
ҶζӶһ죬Ҳ̲ˡ
æһֵͨ˾Ͷ쵽ͷȥҶԴһһյ裬һģͷûԹ˵ǳɻ㣬£Ȼʳ
˵ֵֵ֣֡ЩӦԼһ٣ĺӸˡ϶⣬ˣһٷõġͷֵģҶӶĹСҶͷæһҶһҶΡ
Ҷ߬һСð죬Щò֡
ţʱδͷҲްҶνͷһȥɴ࿪˿ڡҶòŲ˼شóСͷһ״ͷ档࣬һԶһ˫Σһ˫Ǵģͷġ
ʲôֵǮܲסʽãʮֵš
ʲôöҶһֱҶǰѹ׵ΡһҲŴһҶΡǮ࣬Ҷô˵Щ㲻¡
˵ʵҶǺܸжġҶöϧҲûرȻǲ
ҶÿյˬƣǵòֵıŤ˼ʧ޽ǵͷ˱ЦǣҲȫһõģһ롣
Ҷü״ҶЦ㻹Ƿһͷ棬Ҷء
ٲġҶա
֪ҶøԽԽ˵ҶóǶмƵġֻӲͬԳ಻һҶޣҶ񣬵мĳͼԽԣҶž;ʮϲ
˵һͷ˺ʱѵ
ҶæҵؽͷȡһšסһԺϵҲûŪιһʡЩ߽ŹϰףԸݽӸ
õ㰸ԺͷҲ˼
ϵأǰЩ۶෱ҲһһʡС³ɻĿĲΪ˺ÿֻԲδõźˡ
һɫϲ߳Ժίʵ˲ˡ
¸˲֪ʲô֥¡ֻ֪ʮޣԼĪ²ĶӱȻòҲû뵽˳Ծĳ̶ȡֻ˳īͣжɽ֮ߵǰ̲סס
Ȼʰģ֨ѽһƿţƼŵĿھ
ıһ죬ھͷ·ֻпŵһˡ΢΢ˣ֣صرһһߵüȣҶοǰ޹ĵԭţһҲŽֲԾ߬䣬³һ
衶ˣЦһ˳̨ײ̨ͷʱһȲ
֣ҶǵĪŵ˼ͷˡͷţ裬ŶͷĶ̨ͷ㰸һԴϲϡ
֮ȫˣдġ
Щ秣ȫȱŲÿİ͡һһٵ衽Ҷηŵһվסȫ˳񣬰أݸã޽ݣ֮Լ
һɣ衱㾶ǰὫҶα𡣿Ʋ죬ʵܿͻݡ
ȻһƬ֮ҶҶÿöЩȡ
ҶźԸɻ飬ֻڼðһϯʲݵĽ˰˵Ҳã˶ҶΣۡҶõûô˼ǵ֮аģҪˣȻҪһ⡣
أݸã޶԰ݺҶαͽСӲ̫ĶҶξ͹ԹԵظŰߡ
ֳͯɵģһިһСӡͯͯŮڿϳЦȫ˸ڼ黰ͷ̥ж̥ŮŮ˫ȫ
ֵĸǶҶҶҲչ˵黰ϲǮ
һڣϸϽ졣衱ųȥƣ˳ֽһСֽҶεЦӦһȥ˳š
ҶδӸͷ·϶￴ĶСɡСĴָָڴСһһҶγһ飬Ūֵģ㡣
絽ͳһ࣬ǰˡڰͷѾֵس˾ơ
컹䣬ͷ̣ڵ硣ԾƳԵһ١˵ҶСҹʱȻὫϯϡʡ̫ãС޹ӡ
һپϯǳԵڲɢЩֵĸ˾ûԹôõϯ档һһѲôҲöֻ֣ܿžԵ㡣Ǳӵǲɫûô죬ҪȾƣʣĶࡣǱСȥǱҪʳ֡
Сһ֣ǲ֡
㵽ˣҡҡλεرҶøݡӲ˵˵ǽʲô̻ųǵÿ˲ſߡ
˵ȵȴˡ̻¶ǲסҪԱ߳һֱ߹ǣϽȥš̻þôŪȥСһҡҡλεص˺ԺĿյϡѩ˰죬Ҳ̻
ʱأĵӦⰡŲӾƨڵ
ҶúȶˮéֳһžͶѩһĲӺһ˫۾һɶͷȥ˾ƨɾһš
ԺĶûţԼƨȴ˺ݺһšǰӰվȣǰһſϳһѩ°ѩۡð죬ѵֳ°ŤͷָղŴӺͷҶεСá
㣬˾ƣ·߲ȣȴѵġ
ҶҪأéǰͷſڿʲô
̻أʵڵϸɴѩΪһɣڵأڵһø˵̻أ
Ҷö˰Σ̧¡һסһһʶмһȡʹ˲֣ϺһӡܾƵһСԶĶڵϹ˺ð죬ǳλƵع֣һŲϲŷ
ʲôأľƶˡ
ľҲˣûҵ
䣺вȥҩ
䣺
̻ʱܼԺٲȻһֵĵطפǱ߶͵ܹ̻һһŵ̻ڰը죬ѤõĻɢúЩֽкá
߹⣬ʰ¶Ȼ
ϻȥިҶöеԻҪϴˢ꣬Ը˭Ҳ׼ȥǰݴźһвŷĵ뿪ҶòµΪ㣬סܼЩӿΪ˽¶ģȻ
ͬʱ衽ݣҶθŸͷɵڿϡ˫ַǰͷǵƽֱ
衣
ĴŶⶫסڱǻϢˣⷽãĿţǰȥһ˼
һֻذ޳Ÿͷ°ڣСĵؽԴϵĸͷ
ͷһƿһ˯ܽ衵С۽˳ɫ죬üĿ续衵ĺȻһͣҶ˿˿ƵζıǼ⣬ˡ
衵ֱ׳شҶεҸ£ô˻Ρ
۽޲˲ֻ˻Ρ
Ҷ۾ѵһ̧Ͷ衽ߵĿڣһζ衳۽һЦż䣬̵ƫ˲䡣غסĶܹ֮񡣡
Ҷһ۾
Դⲻ֪ʱɫȫﾲĵģȻϯѾɢˡյҡҷɢһζ
һ죬ȻͻأĶĵ衵ͷ
衷ȣתСȡ˹һݸҶΡ
ҶⱭƣ̧ۿµ衡ƻϼص뵳һļµɫ°˽ӳףڣѼ죬ײɫһŨҵĻɫ㡣ϵõĴ֣³Цü
߹Ҷε£Ʊֱ۴Ҷεֱ۲Ŵսˡ촽΢ᣬҶεΪޣײ롣
ҶĿһش˵һཻͷһ˾ơ
衵ɫԽҶεıӷŵһߣ̧ҶεķڡǴģʵЩġҶɵ֮ǰѹˣԴɡ
ʱŵһߣҶޱһƺڷһ͸ҶһͷҲڡ
ͨһ仰ҶȻ
ܲףεܲ衵ͷʼã˳й󡣼һ𿪣īˮһ㴹ͷ˹ԼһͷʳָһȦˡԼͷҶεǽڰһ𣬷ɰڡ
ᷢΪޣײ롣
ҶοǺɰУ޳ָӳͼĺɰׯأҴˣ𣿡
ⶫҪ⻰˵֣Ҷе㲻
ЦһǲȻڸһ
˵꣬ظԼҶָһͷӻͳһһģһĺɰװȥ󣬾ͽǸɰҶΣһһ
Ҷźɰ£һһģ
㲻ϲӲô˷ѡеǴһֵǧ𣬺ż䣬ҶԴЦһϾشĺϷ๫۽޵ʹɫҶκץסѣȥ
Цһ˳ӵظӣΪ
ҶЦýߵһʰҸҲô
Ŀ⾲ǰˣ۾Щĳǹֻ߻ĺ棬ƮƮ³һ䣺Ǽô
ΪβңҶһüͷ
ǣĿԴ
Ҷεһɵζ衱ЦģζЩЦȵСߵݣйһ趯ʱһӿͷϸ΢ˮڰ衵ǽ٣Ц
֪ʱѾ뿻ϣϲˡ
ϵ͵ѱȡֻӤֱ۴ֵҡҷ𡣻ӳŴϵһӰһ׮ȻĵƤӰϷ
Ҷε̽½ַ֫
ԽԽ֪ʱ˷硣紵ô죬ֻʣŮʱʱૣԼӶ̴ٶֳĺҶҧᣬңҧؿڡֻͷƤһһķ飬ӶΪǶҪ̡
ʺϲ䣬Ѵ󳨡ĳŪ˰죬Ҳֻ
ڿϣڷ˰߿мƕiش䵽ȥ΢΢°ͣݵ¶
ˣӸȲѰ衵ѾЩʧ̬
ҶξԼǸ̸ֽġһѣʵһ㡣Ϊȴ衱Ʒ衣ϢȻһֻץҶεĽһ˵ĵλת㱼䣬ʮдڸеĳһϺȻ˿Ϸ졣
ƻҡҷУҶûסһ
Цŵ˺ݻ࣬קԼһߺݺһҶαһЦӣΪˡ


71 
һǳԣʲճܲ»֮ҹôϡͿĶɹôһûԵɻһǰ׷ѡɶ۳ҶξҲûˡֶ߳˵صһ۳վűߵĴˣҶû㲻䰡վǸ
衵Ȼ䣬˿ôҲ¶ȥͷҩ
Ҷθˣҩã
衣
⵹һ仰ʵ衡ô϶ܰ
פرƦĨ˵ĽҩҶ۴ҩãɿ۵Сף۾ˣηĵ¡ҶѾ̸£ؽϵĶһԶȫѱ㱳£Ҳֻۻ
˱Ҷ£ǰ𪻹Ⱦźεļ米ֻȥǰһ£˯ɣ˯ɡ
۾ҶΣ˶ŴӸˡ

ֵһҹɫˣ߻ûж
ϸҶި˯ЩΪСҹࡣ˯ʱҲԹţӻû춯ިһûҶΣſ·ſھŷ￴קƨɣ׼ŷ죡
ިסˣʵʵ˴
ȵ⽥ѩݵŲ֨ѽһͷ򿪡ŵĲ衣ҶδʵʵشΧһΧ̧۾Щס
ϣô۾˯ˣ
̫󲽲㳶ſҶΣ
ɻãﲻʣϿ·ҲֱŤġΪҲףԼĪǲ̹ġϸϽϴͻݴȥ˵һˣӦܺȡӲͱͷ߶ˣһ͵ʳȥ
ûҶе̧ͷˣʵϺˡʵڶܲ˲ҵԵģϾҲûôԣЩˡ
Ͽһһվ͸Ͻ˵أȥŪԵ
ҶòĶˣô߸ˣһɫҲûʣæȥ˳ʳЩʳҶŪģͷЩѪҩġҶҲ˵ҪŽȥطˡһϣŴ
ȥŪһĺ춹࣬ն˻ҶεݡͿǽ¨һѶ
ƽҶεѶԸϴżҶæýŲմأһղżңҶûҶðæϴġϴϰҶҲû룬߹ȥҪһ¨˳ȥִ¨ӱؾͱҶθס𣬱𣬶ǶϴԸ
㣬Ų󷽱㣬ҸϴɡҶʲôҲС˵žҪߡһ衵Żع񣬸Ͻ·
ϴû£ϴ·ͲϹˡָϽȥһ䣺ȳԣͷһҹߡ
˵꣬ŤͷߡߵݣԺͷЯһɱѩ߽һˡ
һ粻֪ȥ衣ϸһվŶҪſȥһۣһۿɡ衡ʲôʱȥģʱһµѡϻжı֮ʹš
ϸ˵ʲôƫպ;һʺץˡ
ʰһȥĶˣôʱ
¶ȥˡĸ׶Ҳû˵ʲôӦһֽɡŵźͷʹƿݵű߽ȥ
ۼطӵһܶǺӡӣϻСɵӡЩƳһ۱ջﰵҹ¶ӦǳˣŶҲǳˡֻǡСЩֵֹģģܲСҹʵǴɣ
²͸üͷ衻ݣʱҶڿϺࡣ
࣬춹ǰݹɳɳġ˺Ͱٺϣһɵζ˼ڣȱŤزŹСԱߡۿһӰﻹź춹̧ͷͿţߵߣžһϴ
󽫶ӵãƿ°ҶﻹŸף΢΢оȿŤͷ񾭽Ǹʲôţô
ûŴһأﵱǻ谵ĿӰ
ҶΣ
ûԾȥԵ㣬ͻȻ⶯
ҹ˯òǺܳһͳš˵Ѿ³ֵϵ̻ûȫҩҲţΪõҩȥѰˡĵصҶγ꣬ס˱¡һֻ߬סҶε
ͻĶŵҶθϽסԼĿҪʲô
Ū˵ҩôŲУҸĨҩǳ׾ͲԼˣǰһҶζƵ§§ˡ
ȵȣȵȣȱš
ҹ֮ǰҶԭ¶Ǻڴģҹ֮ûˡǲʹѵ̫̣оеӰذ衵ֻ֣ûסҩĶģܲðҩԸĨͳˣ㰡
Ūúã˿ڲ棬ָͷˣûûصϹģ
ҹҶôԺǡѾͷɵ󵨣Ҫӡװһʲôӣʵֽϻظ˵˽̣ĪҪ̫ɬӡѾͷͰסǵǿ˿֪£ȴӲţԣɿҸŪ
˵ףǸжϵİӣҶγڰѺʷ˷׽ǲɡ
ã¶ȴݡһסҶְֻͷһָֻ۾ƵѰһקְǵѡҶðʲôʵĶһѹҶΣ
Ӷͳҩ࣬ͷҧͷĺ첼һͷεӡ
ƿصһεҶνŴֽ΢Ĺ⿴۾ó档촽ҧŶбۿģʵǹˣת˲뵽ԼĴ£ʹһ컵Ļ˺Ƭ
רģʹáû˵ҩ滨ĳõģҩЧáҶʱɵҶθ͵סҵûס
衽ƿӷŵͷСϣﻹźɫƿʳָһҩ̽ȥ
Ҷ߳ܵýֺ޵ĴͷƤ顣Ҳ֪ҩʲôϣģ˺ڵϹƵĶ쭳ỨȴֻΧĨҩȥ̽ҶεĺҳһţʵľߣҲܣԣң
УүУ˭˭
ҶֶܣƲסطֵƫֲҴ󶯣ֱϽסĸо治ˣħһ˾Ĺǳظҩƫҩ
Ū˵ǳÿ죬ɿ־ߡ
ҶѶ̧Ⱦ͸˺һš衰һҲûڿ˿شӻһӣ˹زָ
ԣվ͸úˡҶͲۣץһֻףűһȡôӽ¨Ҳ࿴ҶһۣתͷյõӳҶϡ
ȥˣתǽǵ¨ö֮سȥˡ
Ҳ˵ҶθоԼ˴󵱣ΪǸСãȴǸƤǡо¶ϵλĪؾ͵˸Ǳ衶ѶھشϴҶͰƳǸһšӦ¡ھϴѶ档
ԭҶ࿴ģʵںͶƳһۣһֵ߬ŵƺ㡣Ǹоһͷ˵ˮͰͷܡ
̧һۣЩĪ
һϡͿعȥ֮ǰҶζûٴ
ģö˲˼ǣ١ҶδǰûԼ٣Դϻؽ˲ԺҲ״ﵽµѻҹһףһףһѴ˲ˣ衸ϴˡ
һûȱѴˣȻû»ڿһ졣Ҷεû˼ֱӴ㡣˵ѻڣϴòôڡʮûϴôֱӴ
衻еԣϴԺŵϸˡ
ϲиɾѻϡҶδǱ߽˵ߣڿ϶ŵƻ˺ѡ衿˸ߣ׼ƻķ˰ҲûȥʱЦù룬ѿӸˡ
˵ŷͦܵġ
ҪΪҷҾͻԭ㣬ʰҸ㣬ٲļߣҶˣҹգƤҪ˺Ƭ
衾Ӱʲôʲô
˵
ҶҲǿЩ¶һӦö¡ǲģϴҲвʱ򡣲̫ܶѸˣĥŪǿ㡣͵ǲӦõġ
衰һЦӻͳҩࣺҩһĨΣһһΡ
ҶΣ
Ҳ˵⼸գ衴ĨҩĹҶμεĳԸĨ÷ֹʡ˵ϼһձһպͲôǴ˵ġڻûסһգҶں鿴ĸʱ衸һȥѯˡ
ԭǲ˵ȹ뷿֮£ܸĸ˵ĵϿ⼸ղû͵ģе㲻ɲıŤʵż
ʵöˣҲЩĸĿҲĵǡҲ̾˿һҶε¶˵һ¶ͻȻ򣬹ֲöϱǰ˶ﲻǳ·Ҳ˳ӣʱҲЩۡ
ӹϸͷһأϤĵĺǻŲСҲǸǼϸˣʱҲܹǷȥֺζУû˽ǲ
ԺˣûʹҲԸܼ˲Ҷǰ¶ϱҪǹ˼һ¡
ô˵˸ӣһ˶ûԼȥ˽ϡ
ҶպǺ˲٣·ˡƽֻҪǿ룬ҲǺֻۡ衲ŵǸҩ衲˼ĹӣҲšҲ˵ҶΪ˲衸ҩڼҷ䵹񣬾˵ڼЪϢ³ʮûÿա
ԭӦǵʮ壬̨ǱߺȻˣ߾ͲٰشڼС
ڶС꣬ûܰ򺣸ժԿһ£ŭһ£Ȼвص˿أǫ̃Ǳȥʡ¸ͱ̨Ǳͷ˶֪
ͷ˼ΪŭŭĲǿصΪԱͥһİѿءԭΪһо۵ףʵ֪һ֪ڱ档ͷ˸овԾˡ
һ󶼻Դ֪һºױӹ˿ɽ
Ȼ£Ǵ󶼻ĸҡҴһ˽Ѻͻֶ̨δָֻŵˡ򺣵״һһ򺣡е嶫ľɲֽŲɾˣܴĵش
գͻµһˡ
һפؾӭһĴѪЩڰ¶ȫפܹİϼҴڵ״ҴЩ˶оݣֶ̣ȴ㹻塣ǣһ׮󰸣ʲ뱱ͻʹᣬŮΪ潡
ʲһؽǸӰһԴʮǰίˣ¶档
һפ飬ؽϽȨøפУξפصĹٱ֡¶ӲϵͬʱҲԤפ˰һЩȻ˽͸ͻʵ˷ŻŮͯȥԭΪūΪΪ潳ʮꡣ
פعٱʲͳʧ˿ڣ˿ڸߴǧ߰ˡЩһЩûб˼סĪʧһؽˡ
һ׮󰸱ʲضˡȺ鼤ܣҶζѵõķŭˡ
ٷͷ˿ڣǺε۵ΪҶǰǸ˷Żʱû뵽һ׵飬رԼˡҲȺ˷ˣʲı˿ڵ黹Ҫ꣬жŮ
Ϊ¶ɣפضˣֱ̨ɱΧ
Ҷβ֮ʲôʲ˷һ¶϶ġȻգ̨Ǳ·۹͡衴˾УξͽǧĶ˿ţ󲻱˵򺣵ǶլҲ͸
֮⣬֮Ļжʮˡ
˽Щʹ͵ܼԺʱҶλû˵ʲôϿǶʮһӾͺˡ͵ֲܸϳȥֻܼҡ
ֱڻϾûס˽нݣͷط˻
Ūô԰׷ĻԼҲôˣӶϱѵó¶ǵ㲻˳һѾܳɣͻȻô˻Ǹ˭ܣ϶û˼衳ҶεģסҶεġ˵治ҪƤ
ҶҶҲûߣݿЩˡʮɪɪؼһ仰Ҳ˵
Ҳ˵衴ҹɫ߳ݣ˶ˡ˵ҲԩʮǴ˷Ŀɲʲô۹͵Ľ
ҲżҲʲ弮ᡣòĳЩضðż˵ģûض͡
ձһȦ軨׷ֻ衵ϣЩʵǱ˷ӹյĹյʱСǵóˡ˰ǲű͵ŵضãֻܰñǣŭ
棿кüò估ϼҲټˡ
š̬ȵȴ͸һӰҲǺɫ֮ͽ
תǰԼС֡ȷʵǶǸɫ֮ˣôŮͬסһݣõЩϲ̨СֶȥöӶϱԲСӵĿǿʯͷҲ̫ͻ¶˶Ӷϱò֣ҡ
ǣԤΰٹǣ
衵뷨ȻͳȥͳȥͲȥͰ겻Ҫ׳ȱ֣㶢ſмܸɻġʵģֽģҰŸǡˮ䣬Щøɵģǡ
ϱֱ׳Ļҭ˰죬û뵽ʯĳϡ˵ϧ̧Сܿǳ˹ˣ
ܳûĻϰġ
룬ʲôûʹŶӴһҲͦõģȵȣվס
衲ŴͷϻźסҲվסˣϡתȥ﷭һ£ȡıĴָָôƫݸûȥɡ
飿ͷֽó¡Ҳûҳʹ˻ϵͷҳȥˡ
šϸƽû¶෭
Ӧһתȥ
⣬һһˣȷʵεͷۻüͷһ壬ЩҲܼܶңûضסճȥ˰Ϻ˻û˯أһ˼⳵һ˼ţʮһԶȫȥ
ߣӶʱ衻ӣҶѵûڿšڴԱ߿һӵӡһһñʼǣӴžž졣
ûסЦĶóŵϣ˳ֲ˺ס
ҶһȦϼʱģһǧˡڹŴʲôˮƽҶĥֻҪĲΣ󲡣ôӦǹʮꡣúܣҶ۽Ƴ衷ŵϵ飬һ£ʲô飿
衿һۣڴҪ顣
ŶʱҲûͼǼ֡ҶƳһ۾е죬ҲûϸֵǸƥ޳ʲôλҶβЩӦֵͦǮġ
衻߹ЩŸѴ
˵һ飬һȻһҶע⵽쳣Ťͷžһ顣
ҶΣţ
¡衽㡣


72 
һѩ֮ڷ硣
лδֵߵȴѾ˲١ڽͷѩĵ·򺣵ľɲԺ󣬱ſʲص֪Ҧ䵻̨
ҲڶôֻΪһ¶ἴ̷ء
Դ󶼻׷࣬˴󶼻εĸ֮һʮֵϷ忴ءʲأֳִ󶼻˧ӡܴвְȨ˳΢ĩΪң𡣼ӵָֻţųִ򺣼һɳԷɻˡ
ڴ˵ؾǴ˴󶼻һϷ
ڼи߹ڳ໤ҼҲƷʮƷ󶼻⣿ڿʲò˳ѫ⣬ѹˡͼ͢˶һƷĹٵӵܡ
һˣȻֻмβߵķݶ
µ˴ˣʣ±۹͡ؽͷҪıͷͷʵ̤صΪı¡
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Ҳ˵ڹ˹һµǣͷۣɵ˸ߵҶȥߡפصְȱճʲ߱衲ϡ
ʱսȣһαе˾
ţڴ˵ؽ꣬ɢﻹЩɽΪȻܹϢפؾٵ²λ߱ı⣬ĴӪûĳ⡣ٶȼ죬˷ӦʱЧķʽҷ
ʲ֪Ҧͻ˹صذһһɣһƬȻ
ĳûҡ»ʵǻ󲻽ûͼΣ֪áһλʹ֮ˣ顣òɷޣ˰һЩ߾ԱʮַߡҦѱ޿ɱ磬ȴҲþ͵նɱ
ҲֻǽҦһȫѺûҦ䵱ȨʹҦ䵱˽ʿ󶼻ֻ˽ҦѺྩ״ɴԲþ
æһ£Щ¶ǵǰ
ⳭûҦҼҲƣչأһСֳ뵱ز󲿷ֽҦһѺͻྩ⡣ʵϣûǮƾִд˵㡣иԼ׳ɵĹأ˭û˭С
ڹ˹ߣûҦһ±衽¡
æʱҶҶҶ顣Ҷȥ̨ѧգҶܲܽҶðꡣ
̧һһĶԺӣҶ𾪵զ࣬ɺ衶õֶŪЩЩǴӹ˿ڵҦһ峭ûʱʮ΢
еġѪǮ
ͽݡ˽˶ݣԺϸ˵
ިݣ͸ŷ쿴佫̧ݡһĴ䣬ÿӶа˸ߣһڵƲ⡣
פؾһѪǰҪȻĶࡣÿղĺ׼ʱ׼㣬ڽϺеıƦӶˡյӶ
˶µפسٺãܼһӶʮ־ء
Ҳᣬ˵ʱĶݣˡ
衶ӵϷʹŲ֪ЩʲôʮֵıҶθɽñīֽ⣬鲻ɶƳһʱ£ȴǿƣƽЦӱ·һˡ
˭¶Ҳ࣬Ҷֻ˶Ҵұߡ
ߵſڻ˵ͼóͥ͢ѡֻˡ
Ҷһ䣬˳ֽŹؽˡިܽҶҲǣ˳ȥ
ڡûͷƵſϣŵù˾ǼץǮһѺ֣űͥһϵĲѺȥྩ˲̨֥֮Уͼ֡ͼƽ⼸ʮأв
谲ĪҪˣġع·ľôһɽͼĽ˽ӹܡ
ҪͼѾڴ˵ô
Ų豭һڣбһ衡˼Ȼͼۡ
ûͼۣ⻹˵ݲܣͼҪȻܲһһӵݣͼͲ
ͼֳ£֮⣬Ȼܾˣ˵¡
Ҧһʲ֪һλȱһز޳͢Ȼǻᾡ찲˽ΡͼƢǾƲְֽͥ͢ȱĽѡ϶ǳ͢Ǳɹֻؽ
ѡƶʮַ˵;кܶࡣƾˣˣ٣ɫĻɡ;һ࣬Ŀռͺܴ
пƾȡʿԲ˵͢ĴԱԴߣ̻ԭвѧ־ʿ١󲿷ΪҪôǼٺĻ֥֮ѧʶߵöĻ·ӡ
νļٵģٹʵۼ֮ˣõʵ۵׿ϱ볯Ϊ١ɻʵگΪعٸƸΪ١
ʳָȡ棬̨֣Ǳߵ׼ô
Ѿ֥Ϲϵʱ˲ڶ򺣱ѺԺҹȥ̨Ȼ̨ʿӶл켣ĸ£Ҳźѵ֥ȹξƣȷʵǲӲӥδͷΪ
衴Ƭ̣ٽӴ
֥Ǳһ·Ӳʮþȡ֥ɫΪʮ־ȻҲͼվȽŸʳָϣ֥·߲ͨҲá

ѩ֮
ʮգʹ̼ҵ̶̳ȥʩҶʽһˣҶЩ׽⡣
Ҷĥ˼죬ˡ¶ϲһϵ¶ûչ
ʵϣڸ̼ҶԺ˵ͷֻǡ꺮в㣬ָذ£һֱҶα뵱صĸˣһص˹ˣƶ˿ڶ࣬ʳٷԸɻҲҶҲϲ̫ˡū澣ҶλǸڹӶϵ
¶Ｘ˵꣬Ҳ˵ԡֻĹū澲յġܼҵԺӲҲȷʵסôˣʰ˵Ǽô
Ҷüͷ£˵ЩĳҶԱ߲һ죺Щ欵ģһűҶۡǸɲ˻ġ
ҶÿɲɵɵЩ͹εվһţһԿġЩ۵ˮһƽû¹ˮɻġһ绨ģƵġĹŪؼңԼҵӹ̫ƽ˳
Ҷϲͬӿ˶ܲģҪҾϸɻĸ˼ҡǼӡٲãеҲС
ҶøҶ뵽һȥŪɻҲġ
ҶγƬ̣գȥһˡ
¶һ׮һ׮ȻѡַҶûԼԺ￪ҾǼңûŪöζŪ̸Ҳ档
⵹ǡ棬Ҳ󡣡ʮͬ⡣
иҲܶ¶ƹ񡣡ҶԼѧڹĳѼϼܲŴĦʵϣξӪ˰ģҪͲһһ㽫ȫˡһط©еϡ
ҶĵĲˣⶫ̫ӡ˵࣬һҲɱ˶ͷ
ҶӶȥӣŶգһһЩա̹ţؽ蹩һϵܺôӰ죬ܻͣڡҶţʵð˸뷨
ʼأֳʳӣҪԵҲͦࡣҲȡáֳһ󹤳̣ҶһľѧƵƹҪȥҲҪºܴľġ
ǲﻹû¶ġֻǸͷȻǲðȻһǾӣŪȷʵ֪Ҫһ⣬Ҫƣ϶ûռĶŪƣ
ѧʽ֪ûʵ龭飬ҲϹġϾǿʴԵĻԭϡ׵İ취Ǵͳá
˼Ҷεɫ֪ʲôΪǣҶԥãſҶκü۲ſڣ㣬ʵ֮󣬸һߡ
˵ģҶ˲Ťͷ
Ī߱ˡҶЩ˼ʵϣһ˵ġҶĩ֪ҶμֻҶΪˣȻаˡЩƽסĶҲټֻҪһкͶ
ȥ򰢾ֻһˣһ˸Ҷãʹ
ô˵ˣ
ֲˣԼĪʮˡҶÿһϣ˵ǳסģƽǮһô
ûʲôҶõҲʮ𾪡
ҶεƬ̣֪黹Ǹж˶˸㣿
ʮˡ
ȻôࣿҶ𾪣ƽģҲ˵ӡתһ룬˭ⴳûƣҲЩѹȥˣЩĶû
Щǰεˣ˵סҶǱߡǱиĴӣסѪͳˡסԶƽ¶ġЩ¶ҲҪܼҲû쵽ǰ
ҶʵϵܼʲôҪܣֻ˵ҽܡ
Ҷĵֲð̵ͷôˣǻŵǰܴ䣬ȷʵܵʦʹ
УҲҶȱã˭ңܸɻС
׮¶ô˵ˡ
ҾȥʣȰĵַҶֵ˵¶صǳģܸɻҲͶաĲٴˣѰˡ
Ȼû⣬Щ¶Ҷȥģֻܸǡ
һܼҾ͸Ҳ׼ꡣϺѾͷⰡ󳦵ȶ񶼷ڳͷøţҲ»ʵúܡ
ҶָʹϺᵽ
ҶԺϴˢЩһ˵һССĹң˺ö¶ҶκһûָɻˣͻȻ¶Щ۵ĲС
ҲһһڼˣͻȻҪ¶ЩӦ
ܸɰϴ˴ӣʵеҶá
Ҷ˾ֻЦõǱ߻Ҳɡ
Ҷһ߾ǺöգһСҲزĵطܴܲùߡת˲ҶηˣǰЩ˵ҶøҶҴϵˡҶɽ˱̨ȥ̨¡衵˼Ҷɽ̨Ĵ㡣վ˸ὫϽӵ̨ȥ
ҶβҶɽûϵȻ֪ϸϵġ
ΣҶɽܹҶСȻҲ벻ҶŮҲҶˣôһϢŮðҶͯò
Ҷο˿ϾһͰһ裬á
תȥѷźùװǱߵ֨ѽһһҶعһ˵Դ衽ԽԽˡҶ²פص飬æµҲܿߡ
Ҷգգ۾ڴС˵Ż˲֪˵ʲô¶һЩЦ°ȥ졣
˵꣬ǴҴ뿪ܼҡ
Ҳûܼãһˡ
ҶθҶϽʳŪãֽϺȥϡǵ͵ӣͼϾǸ״ӷֳֵ߿򣬶߶ڶֱ֣Ҫࡣ
֮ߵӸЩҶҪȻŽֵӣҪҵӡһطģֽ·ͨĵض˻ͻ㡣
еٶȺܿ죬ѩԺǶҪԷġȻҶһͨܡ
죬ǽѡַ
ͶߴӪӣѡһҿռܴԺӣŸܼҵԺӲࡣԺһھˮȡˮܷ㡣ͷᶼͨˣŪһĳеӵķҲˬ죬ֻҪʮһ
ҶҲĥߴȷ˵ַ͸нӣ顣
Ҷͷһ׮¶æһϻؼңѵڼСҶŽʱǸƺ˼ֻ㡣
һ˼ʱݼЦʱ£˾ø߲ʡҶһֱΪǼΪЦģΪʱЦʱŻ㱵ؾ衲ǸЦӡҶóǰȻһֻذڶָ˻С
衺ǳǳʲô
գգ۾˳ŵû
衺ɵضһǲšҶһüͷ˴Ƭ̣衺Ȼڵ˵¶
ţҶο˵
ۼܹ֮̿ܲڣ˵ЩЩΪѡ˵ģԲǰֻʹƶҶεĳģҶΣʶάסԼоӵ
ҶΪҪ˵ʲôܣҪ
Ȼá
Ҷβ֪ʲôãܸɴľʹӦˡϾ̿Ҳġ񺮶ŹȥڡʱֻһѩҲ˵
ҶʱҪ
Щʱұǡ̾һ̧ҶΡ
ʱæµѾûҶκú˵˵ˡѵջʱĿ䵽ҶεϣЦ⵭صôôŻأ
նҹ飬ѵһҶΰﲻڡ
ĴֹһǳǳԡüһͣбƽⶳĺˮԵġҶҲû˵һ˫۾ơûšһ衵ȴĪ
Ҷβ̵ջĿ⣬°վȥŪջ𡣡
ĬĬ˿衣á
Ҷ߳ӣ衸Ŀ䵽ϸĲıӰϡղһ˲䣬ΪҶοʼˡľ
˳ӣ֪ʱˡͳ䡣
ʱһؿСϡüͷб۾ҶĶѧժˡĶͦ׼ԱߵûôŬˡһĲ˲㱻ɾⶫóԣû뵽ϴô鷳
ҶΣʲôʱģ
һٷ衸ִҴ뿪ˡһʱôæôȻôæͺúõ£ôϻܻ
в⣬ҶλλԴֻݡ
˺üգҶҪһʶֶк˵ƹ񣬲ŮǱ˼Ҷζ⡣Ҷø±ʱϺݳȥȥпһˣûһܴﵽҶεҪҪôǲʶ֣Ҫôǿڳݲ顣
СطҵʶֵѡţŤͷֽϺͷȥ򸮡
˵ۡ˵ܼҵˡϸҶζססǸԺӡפؽȥϷ㡣ʵס£Ҷʵǲߡ
򸮾ڶ֣ۡŵһûժҶιʱۡûһӽŽġҵԺǵȷԭںĵӡǽϺԺҲһһţȥ·Ҫá
ҵ˴ѾѺյԺûɨǰЩһûƼ
֪˶òŵԺһҶȥ£ʹȥʮй
˽ҲûԺͷվš
ҶλûʱͷվŵĹȫȻûϴܼҵĹԾֵģм֪˵ʲôҶζ˰
üͷһ壬򸮵ūͺǳˣס֣֣ɺͳ
ԭǼΪܵչ˶ŭˡҶһ£ص˶ӡһɤŴģֱ˵Ǻöﶼżһӣ˯Ĵֲͨġ˵ͷйﱻס
ˣĵ˵ԼдײһϦµĹﹴӡ
۾ƳҶεķ򣺡ˣϦºϪ˶̵ģһף˿ǧӸƭˣ
Ҷüͷ
Ϧ粵ˣ˵¶
һ˵һᶼǰȷʵū˵˻ֻҹūҵȹϡֻЩ¶Ҫѯūҡ
ʲô£ͱ˵Ӣ䣬ʲô¶
ϦҶεɫֹġҧ´ãԥԥһ˵Ҷεǵ衻ʲô£ţҶ̫˿ͣʵʮָ߰˵Ļ֣мڹ֮¡
Ҷοһۣûܾ
˵һߣϦǲ˵òѹɤˣ֪ūҶһЩҽūūЩ֮¡
˵꣬ЩǵؿҶΡ
Ҷһ㶣ӣ
ǡϦҧҧ´ƺҪãūҪһСıҩ
Ҷգգ۾û˵
ǹҶһ޶Եжʱһ⣬ǵǵıԵмֽӲƺû뵽ҶĻûʲôӦ͵ƳҶεҶθ˸ţʱԴĸ͡Ҷξ̹Ȼؿ
Ϧ±Ҷοýţɫްһ䣺ҩǸӺȵġ
ҶΣ
˾֮ģҶεĶȴĬĬ


73 
Ҫҩǲģ򼵶ı㽫˽±ΪİҲû١Ҷιһ˱ΪɻģʱֹЩ˵ʩΪ㲻Щ˵ˡϦµĹЩҶν򸮵ū˴һȥ
ѹǶгɡʵ˵Ҷ˵¶ûˡ
ɵһ벻ܲһҲܰ
ʮһſϻصƹܰƵòǺشĿȻһȺ˶ǸϪĹվһƤ൱ǺȺҶε۾һɨȥֻ֣ȻϪ
Ŀ䵽ϦµϣòӦøϪ
Ҷ˵֪衰˵ҪʲôţҲǱ仰ͼҲűʵʱͦģܸ߰ЩŮ˼϶ڡһ˼ţ˱ȱܿϦϪġ
ʮ˸Ůһɨȥ̬۵ס
Ҷξ͸һ㣬ЩһԼ˵Իļա
Щ̫ϰҶεʻʽⲻҶĿģֻƾű֪Ůһϲóһʱ֧֧ᣬû˸ſڡ
ҶԼĪҲǹʲô˵ʵвǵô׾ͱߣһҲ޷ô࣬ЩǵǲĿǷΧ˶٣ɴʵֱף֮˭ܸǿڳҲɡ
⻰һ˵ˡϻ˵ҪǸŮӸɻģǺŮӸˡֻûڳȴҲںӸ֮¶ϡ
ԥԥһݰͰ͵Ĺվ˳Ÿͷߣ˵ɤŻͦ󣺡ӣūܸҲ廨첹͵ѧ˵աƵūңūԸ¶
һվͷͺüվģӣū󣬵ֻͦɡ첹ãҲáūһһĵգϴѣ첹춼С
ūҲ˵ڳʶ֣һ㿴ˡ
ūҶûλô౾£ūҾһɡһЩĵŮ߳ŲȺвԣһվò˫ĿȧЩߡǸˣüΪʵѵɫҲѡĻˣӲѹü֮еḡ
Ҷϸ˼˫Ŀϲܾ͸һɺ˵ļǲģ̬Ҷȸ˿϶
⼸һվ˻ԴҶοǡ
ҶЩЦǲԸ⣬ȻҲǿֻ˼֡
һվĹϲ˵ǳòָϲڶд¡Ҷ˺ʶ֡˴ʶֵּŽԼҪ֮˵еҪȥҵ£һɰһһĹǮ㡣
۸ǰոϺĹǮģʳޡЩҶͷǮԺгߵĹǮˡ
ʶȤ֪ҶεĺʶȤڱƲ졣ȻվЩȻɵġ˲˭ԸƮΪˣЩҶ򸮵Ŀ˸Щﵥס˴ߣͰ
ԸȻҲǲԸġϾԴΪˣһֱţδֻ
عݣ޷Ӧһüò׵ĹĸĺöҶõĶó֪ٱ˵ҶǵŮӣʱոû򸮣óԺúȵĹţסڱӪǱߵ
ЩƤǳ˼ͶˣȻۿҶΣ۶Ҷ˵¸Ȥ
ʲôҶҲóЦЦϡ
Ҷûмֵ˵ĿϡΪԼδṩˣ˵ĻǷƨһ⣬ûµġˣʹߡûУǾˡ
УҶҲڰѻˣЩһ
ûʣµҪΰ٣ū˵˼仰Ϻһȥ֮ǰƳһνģ濴
ˣ߰ɡ
ūġһ屻ѺлڶūҲ乫귢ȥūظۡ˳ҲŸۡ͸衡ʱȻҲҶεūͣҶη˵ĻǼС
뿪򸮻صܼңԺЩڵȡҶģҶЩϰߣת˲һҲס衳פصУξҲˮǴߡ
ʵҶΣ͵նСҶδǺνġ⽻ûҶӦ˼ֻҶ˳Լǡ
ЩҪӲģˡ
衵ԭҶξúе
˵氢ȥԺݱóҶνȥһۣԤ˵ĻͰ
ʵסҲɣҲϡʱͦоͲ˼ȥٵðŽˡҶȻϲǸ˵ԼĹƽ衲ڼңֻֻϺһҶżҲҪŮӴ֡
Ҫ˰ø֪һϾݸϵݾ͸һǽסڻýи׼
Ҷεİû飬ϰ˶ūʱźġҶεİܽܣŪȵա
ҶȻûвӦʵģȵһͷȱٵ
ôˣҶξ͸һ׮¡滨ҶʼǷŲ£滨ɱȺ˪ЧöࡣеҩƳĻƷ޸ãָܻƶöȻû˷֮ǰ̸
ϱҶδŽҲץס̻ҪԣҶεĻ׮ȥ̸ҶҩҲһЩ̸㡣
Ҷ˼һ˲Ҳûܾ׮Ǿͽȥԡ
Ҳ˵ϵһ ЩЩҶѾҶը࣬Ԥһȥʳ̯ӡҶһԿţζҶòǷһæͣڲиϢĹ
ðţҶɢͷáһַҹŻء
֨ѽһƿһֻһյűߡҶ̧Ƴһۡ˰ȥһѪζַ𣬿˿ڡҶβͷһ٣Щ쿴һֻƺʲôߵ߽¡
ͷЩɢ鷢޽ǡ˵û˿ڣ̵زºףҶλǿڵĺһɫӡ͸
ҶνӴڿϣЩһ䣺ôˣ
衲£һСˡ
СˣѪСˣҶüͷںڵĳˮʪ˼ڼϻЩˮûˮëȵĲӽͷʵǸϲϽʪѵٶȡûһҶε¶ˮʪЩϡ
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˶٣߹ҶδڿϵĲӡƻݣȴÿοҶһޱƽ
Ҷε£ֱ̧£Ҷδڼ羱ʪز
Ҷһ㶣ƫͷ
æµѾδڼҹޣŲʱйżҹһأѾ߾ȫ
ʱ˹ҶνʸͷĿ㲻Ծ䵽Ҷεƻ·ˮͺ촽֮ϡҶβŸϴˮã͸졣ɫɿЩ¶ϸĲǣһϸĺ˸ᡭ衱˱۾ڵѹȥ
Ҳһһ˻ЩסԴ»֮ҹζҹμЦٻļĿļʻģĵġǳҶΡ
ԼĪǳԵˣԸ׽ЩǡҲգδǿʲô
ҲҶεţǳӲġǵ¶ֻܵȼԸȥǲŻʱϻҲӣҲЩѰƽӲҲἷʱؼһˣֻΪҶһۡ
ĬĬشסеĳƽֶߣҪȥפһ¡
ʵϣ衱ίΪפУξפУξţȺһȻָפӪʲءʲӣܹǧ˵ıͼ󵨵ؽʲɢıȨ£һ˵С
һԽôˣΪȻҪʱ;ЩֻٲͬڽӪ±󲿷ǻ켣ӪϱӡôһУξȻġ
򾡿һȻıסЩһһʰ
Ȼֲֻ붫ƣԭ߽ӣֱԭֱڣǴ߽һŻܱ˵ţɳ棬һֱòЧһҪְ䵽ͷϣ
Ҷ֪ġֻһҶαµȥʲô¡
˼Ƭ̣ͷ㾡ȥܼһῴŵġ
衿ɴӦӣ˵ζԭȾ͵Ǽǳõõ˻ᰲЩӾˣвδõοǣҶǡʱðͷżﻳĺǲǻġɺֽܿͷȥúȥϽҶ
Ҷӹתƣʱʱ䵽ջȥģ衱ⲻ̾ϢòԶƽУǵҡ
ţҶεͷʸɵûһˮ̧ȥ
۵ӵһ٣̧ϲؿ
ô£
գգ۾һСˡ
ҿ⣬Ҷ⵫Щǡ
衵΢΢ֵһδϴҪƬ̣ȥϴѸ㿴
ҶȻ⻰˵е֣һҲУͷȥˡ
ȥߣһתšҶһˣѺԤ㲦ֽϵĶʰˣⷭҩò衻͸ˡȥݿҲڲݣ룬ȥˡ
ȻںҶιȥʱŪʲôںĶһŵҩζ
ϵڸʲôأ
ͻȻҩһվû
Ҷο˺˽ﾲġ
һȦߵ衸ǰͷɫƽط룬Щ˵Ź֡Ҷͷߴ˴գһɿɬζҶͷƤ顣һԼʶʲô
зӿһ򴽣ǿ衣͵͵ʲôأ
ţ鿴ֶߣ΢΢Цºͣһҩõġ


74 
衵ȷʵأӦڱʲôһ£һͦĿӡ
ζֺÿЩ˿ֻƤϣδ뵽ͷҶüͷĨ˵ҩĳһ١лбҲһƹ壬ǰ˸ᡣҶһŪ˸ᡣ
衿ƴյĺܽýˣҶᵽһɺ滨㡣ںϢײһɷǳҶεζ
Ҷδս˱̲סᣬԽԽš衳ʮֵݡ
Ѿҹҹɫֻеƻձ㽥
ҶЩ죬۽գ᲻ԾܿҶξ֪Ϊδҹҩҩˣˣ֪һšҶαǵ߻أ겻ϡͿؽƤǵĿ⡣˵Ҳġ
һδ˳ľ˹ͬźҶκĽѵҲçײԼ㱻衱ƵýгҲס밴ס衿ѵ֡
ҶνѵֺγûԵѵԼϱϸǧź˷¡
ԣĪҪ߳ܣ쾭¶
÷ɿ죬ƺҪǻɳӵ͹ĵţԺлڻܻͼȡŮӵоܶʱӲͬΪȡһ׮ϵ¡ʵҶΣصԸͷȥȡá
Ҷβϻض֮ҹˣýȢķޣζ㶼ӦҿɿһЩ

ͱϵȥԴһص˲͵Ϯҧ衱ʻΪ׵ȨϵؽѾǵĶӵһݡ
ڵĶصšڵٲȻѾ
һҹĶ֮ҹ衺Ҷΰʱ͵Ĳ໹ǽ衸Сģ尾ùһΣڶβˮ
Ҳ˵ڵ죬ҪôõȫҶεϡ
һ磬ҪȥʩӵҶζû
ҶѾȥ̨Ҷý⡣
ҶõƬ̣ûв졣ǲʳԵģӸǰ˴աû߽ݵӰͷ߳һˡλȾɫɮƵĽüۺĴгʱ岽
һҹδߣҪȥҹһҹʱ䣬Բõһ׮¡ʱϲزסʺץۣһ֮ɫȥ˺
˻ϴôҹʲôĺܣϰҶһȥ˵˭ҶЪϢȥӡ
ϺݳҶýõĶ̧ţһ˾ʹҴҳˡ
ҶһѾʱһ̡г˼ӣһ˶ڡѴӿɤƵö˵֪ҹţһʼסˡʵ̲סˮ㱻ڣʱɤﶼɺԵҪð̶
æһ͹๾غȥ
һھúЩѾܿˣ̳һŶǽǵ¨ҶֽɢͷβЬæȥ﷭Ҹɾѡ·ױ̨Ƴһۣ羱ǰӡǲҲ̶á
ɫͰףӡЩۼĿġﰵһ䣺¹ޣ
ҶηɿذѴϣſų
ި֪ʱѾˡѹԼģ߰ģŻͦɰСҲ֣żǰͷСһѲڹԹԵι㡣
ҶȥˮٵϴתһȦû˱һŰҹͲ衺ͷɫǻ衣ȥ̨һһ㶼ŴۻӣҶڿ衷ϵż
Ҫȥģδݸҹ߶Ĳ࣬æҶζൣҶΣһмʱȥ
ʲô
Ҷûס²ˣǽպá
ȥһֲ£ѺԺҲйһСȥ˲кӳ˵㶫һȥ˶ֵʩӡ
ʩòţȻһˣֵòˡʱ㣬ǰ˾Ѿӵŵ⡣ҶͷһСӺŽԺӡϺԼĪȥˣкԺһ￡㿴ŵިСӣǳԺӡ
￡صͷҶҴȥǰͥ
ҶҲĮ̇ߣƽĺˡҶҲʮֿڳģϾŵĮ̇ǰͷţ˳ƽ
ϣȻҶζʱġ
Ͽˣһǰͷ˳ƺһҶο˷ϳļûżæŵĹû÷ﲻ㣬ȥ÷
ԴҶҶԺҶξ緹ʱ򲻴϶ϰ˸ҶͻȻûܷһ϶Ҷλӡ
ҶžЦ㾹ܶţ˵ﲻô
ࣿϽһͭǮӽǮӣŤͷ棺˭ģ
ҶĵҲҶáһɫЦЦ˵ģģܲ๫İɣ
һ˵ȴһ㶡ҶûĲ죬˵˱תȥ⡣
мѲ˵ģҶвҶαҲ߹ȥСоͿˣһ磬Ǵⶼ߰˰ˡϺǿ쵽ʱͷӵȶ
ţſڹһ£㽫Щܼȥ
Ҷοʣⲻ࣬ҶæùϺһˡ
Ǳ߲׼ŲУȥһ򸮡ҶһæùԼҪ£Ҳôšһڱһڰ̨ͷϣôŲܡ˵ӹɵĲ޲֣Ҷκᡣ
ȴָɻģȺƾʲôԲ£
Ϻȥһ˻ҶθϾ;ȥ򸮡ȥֱӴӴŽġŵūϵϣȴϵҶΡ֪Ůӣ͹ź
Ҷȥ£Щйūͣؾͽȫ˹
عֻʮ˸ҶγŲȺһɨˡȻǵסϪϦ¡ĿһūūСԵɡԭҶβ߲ãһչĹ衵ˡ
Ҷһһһ㲻ص˵ͷʾ֪ˡֿ򼸸
һأкü̬ϻؼͲࡣ
ҶЪ˺üûڸϵȴ˸Ǹūϻص¶˵˻ôҶһ۾Ϳ˷ֱ˵ϻؼʱмֲزסİҶҲֱҶεоֹ
Դڸλ鵭Ųˮºͣ˵ӣžЩһġ
̲˹µĻҲ˵Եɣô˼ҡ
ҶЩ죬࿴ϼۡ
˵࣬˹Ǽ⡣ʵϻҶʵĴʵĻͣЩʲôʶ֡Ǹ̬߰й
Ҷһ˼Ƭ̣ȻʶԼ⡣
Ź⣬Ҷζһһͬʡڷ⽨ᣬǸҪֳŵȵʱʱĿĮӣһЩ˵ۡǼ˸۸ڶˣһֻû˵ף粻á
һʣ˴ñϸˡһ仰˵ڶϸһϵ顣Ҳ˵һ˼䵭
飬Ҷ˼
ϻ˻֣ū㽫Ƕȥ
±յϵ۾ƽʱҶ˵ʱģӵģɻ˿͸˼Ĵ͸˼ľҰˡĴܲסˡӺǺ¶̫ǵ¶ᱻǣűߡ
ҶδҲЩ⽨ϲ߼˵ʵѹסЩˣѹûҪЩˡ
һȺ˻˵Ҫ£Ҷθ뵽ЩˣҲҡ
ңЦˣбȥô
Ҷһ㶡
˵ңֻû·ϵ޸ĸƼū졣
Ҷû뵽ºϻ˵ȻϸһҲʵȺŮ䱻Ĩ˼㱻͵ܼʵҲͬ˽Ȼū澣Ȼǲ
˵ǡҶҲûȥǵ˼ֻܴеˡҶλūѯʱϲ⼸Ρ
ūϸ˵ʱյɡ
ڱϲʵδˣҪǿ»ϲˣЩСµǸµģƢҲǲãһĹﲻԸǰЩӣüӽǸͷҶγƬ̣ѡϲ¡
Ҳѡһȥި
ϱߺʣµʮҲסãú½½ѡ˶Ҷյ衵Ŀ˵ҪѰ֮˺ҲֻӦһûϸЩȥʵϣҶȥѡʱЩ̬Ԥл
Щ˹˲ԴٻعƶȷʵѣɫһҲһѡ


75 
䲻˽µ˺£³ʲ֪ؽΡҶδ֪չʱЩȻĸоεĵһ±󰸡
һ׮ɰʮɱ򰸡ʱָɱŮѺΣйĸΪĴ棬ʮ޹εĵһ±ǽ˴˰ֽеز尸飬ŮһסдŮӷܸ棬ʹ˶ˣûҲƹ黹ŮĸŮ
׮ӲѰԵɱѹꡣ±˺䶯İӹһʮҲ롣ڴεĹǸù١
ʲصĳöԶҶҲš
ЩϷЧһ׮׮һİӶڵƺƴòʵ¶ѹȥĸְǳһ㷭ӿ⿪ͨͶ״ר漰İԭڰûж֪ãĶľš
Ҳ˵ʲõĸı䣬Ҳ˴
߽˲tӪկ˷ߡԭöʮδıƺͲΪ²ñ߷µƶȺءϸ淶ÿһˡÿʮһվ㣬һ߷вʮΪڵѸٴ
ˣפ뿦ʲ֪ͨʩСߵ˲ؿظ˰ۣؼǿ˶Զ̻Ĺƣ·ѡ
µвϸ淶˵̻Ϊϸµ̵ݣϸֳƷ˰׼ָбҵĹ·ߣܸߴҶβⲨǴӺδĥģ˵ºϸж
е𾪣ֹ·ѵַĹ˰һޡ
ǱæҶҲ걸
ϲ¶˱Ҷܼߣסǰסӡ˵ײҶҶȳµˣЩ㡣Ҷ˼ԺҲ˵ӡ
ϲҶԭΪǿʣһݰͰ͵ĹңϺ᲻ĶܰᶯֻʤΡǳԵҲȷʵ࣬һ˳˵ķ˵ЩΪάݵľûгԱ
ȻûϲȷʵǴϻ۵ġ˵۹·˷һһ˶áк࣬ӽһѺ֡˵ãĶС
ҶǰĥҲƹģ¾ͦƹǱҶζʱȥӣҶҲʡͿˮʱܿճһӡ˵Ŀǰ˵ĲƷлҪ۲죬ܲܳõûʱӡ֤
ˡĸˣͻĺӡ
ĸ˶Ƕʮµꡣ˵Ǽսȥˣػкֶ࣬һӹ׽⣬ŮβŻǮҡҶθļ۸ҪȵϺĸһЩһһ¡ס
Ǹﾭ˼̹ʵӣһֵܡҶθǵһ¡úϸ񣬻ǩڵĹӶ顣
Ȳ˵Ҷ˵ĹӶʲô˵ǮЩϲ⡣
ҶҲϸص˹غҪԣŲ⴫ȥҲἰΥ˹ҲϹٸ׷ΣҪ⳥
һ䣬¶֮ɫ
ҶἰϹٸ˲ΪȻϾԭȵĸͬ衣֪صǽкЩ¹֮˸оˡ
ֻҪ׹չʵ£Ҳ״˸λ
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Ǻû˵ˣϴŲ˳Ҫ˸ϳȥ
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⻰˵ϣһҲɣȥһˡ
ǸҩӵϴˣҶҲ콫һĻϳÿ¸̹֬滨»¹һءҶһ£ôԼЩȥЧΡ
һͽůˡԽѮԽů͡
һ˵Ǵֵʱ߰·ոϺҶȥĸȥȥֲ飬Ϻֲú˳
Ҷ˵ûȥ֣Ҳһֱڿ
˵衵ĽаĶĶĵҶεԺؾûдߵİҵΪҲֲֲίʵࡣ֮ҲࡣɰĶҲܷаװá
ķϰĶҶλ̲סԼġ
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㲻УӡԼǿ϶ֲˣֵǿУôҪȴһ׮¶Ҷͷػ⣬ﶢĳϢ
˼ȥֻ޳ȥС
ôޣ޸˭ҪԺַʽӣһЩ¡ҪЩ衵ķͣҶεĿǻþ衵ͬ⡣
æĻȥһ˰ɡӵҶţʩ¸Ӧֻһ䣬ʲôС޵̸ⴺˣϾ͹˺ʱˡʵòģʰзӡ
ҶһҲԣôʱգϲá
ҶҲᣬԭͲԶĴԶһ㣬⳵һҲܵһæһĻʱõ򡣲߶Ǳ߳ԲãҶĥ˵Сġڼҿ˳֡
ϻصը˿ĳžͦãҶҲþûʳˡĥžʹһţɡ
ѡǾݵţ⣬гȭͷСķҪȰСεȶˮ󿪷ٽгָںȵĳƬţŵ±ˮζҪʮʱţŻζƺõóŪõ¯ǡ
ܼûǿ¯ҶǰԿӿ̻¯ӣԺҲѧŷһеƺĿε¯ӡֻҶӣҶεһóá
˵ͦãţһ㡣
ⶫŪͦʱҶһСء˸װһʣһ˵ζ㣬ץһѳԵͷãáʰϲòһŪͺóԡ
ҶγһûУûۣȺζҪһЩʤޡ
һ磬ҶξʹŰˡ
һ·ȥҶ˳ͷıӡ˵յӱúˣפǰ˷ߣİŶðࡣֵҲȻʱʱһѲߣϵࡣ
޴壬жʮ·Ҷ߸ϹȥҪʱ
ӵӪկͷȷʵѾ˰ߵͮպ죬˰ЩġϺ˳͸ſڱֻһ˵УξļҾ죬͹ǣ⳵
Ҷνկӣ½ӪʺΧդԼԶĲtĬĬظ˽ʡ
衻æ¡ҶνʱһҶʶ׼ˣȴѾڣվ͵⣬ɢ˰ɡ
˵꣬ŵļ˸ŻƵģͣؾ˳ӡ
ҶվſеΣæԱãЩ˳ȥЩЩҶϵãЩҶβϵáϲϵãȻǶλУξˡȻܵø졣ʱҲվƲߣֻȴסҶε
мأ˿ҲЩ࣬ûôʰԼ
ҶδкйһˣҶŮӾӰӶûСôգȻܳڹˣ
ŰҶΣ
ʲôڹˣ
ѵüһ棬ҶҲôƻաѵߵ²ȥֻҲûɵļҶν첲ϵİݸ˵ʳ
衽ӹȥͷŵϣǣҶαӪߡ
衵Ӫģͷһ㣬ƽ¡һ㻹и䣬һŴһӣһЩ鼮顣ҶĴϣָ̧˸޽ǵͷ߷ɳûôϴҵƬ̣ȥϴһ¡
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Ҷ˻ͷжŲһ̧һͰˮš衴ͷѡһֻҶδİһɡذ׵ָһ鿴ۣںģʵ˵ɫ󲻴ÿ
Ҳûбܻ˹ؽ˽۾һ
Ҷμϲü˸ϲĸӣζһģһ
ϲҲֻ̰Ŀ顣ذ׵Ÿ¸Ǻãһеʳȫյ
ҶΣⶫţԲԷ֡
Եꡣ
аɡ
ӪСѣ˵ĻӦһָʹű佫ԡͰŵһȥ
˶ȥˡʮȻزͷڷɢһ˲䣬ҶεĿһվԱߣҶΡ۽գ÷ɿ죬̲סЦ֪ҶǶɻˣ¶غߡʵڱŤҲû֨
ѵùһأɱ˸ëˣˡ
衺֪ʶȤȥݵƬô
ҶƳһۣѾժֻŵİ¡
µѾˣ޳Ĳذȥķ϶սϦзϸĳмںڵīڼϣվǾͷ·һˮī˫Ŀˮһĵ
ͷҶηǳԾȥʵš
ɽҲߣϺȻȥɽӪʡ
ߣȻ˰١Ҷ˻ӲģˮʮҶüģԴƲסеεġЩһҲеͷתһ£ɴҪ˵¶
һ׮׮һһ룬ķңҶҲǵɫϸȥ
治֪ϴ˶ãҶʵУ۾ƳϵĶ
ͷһЩĺżϡһƿżͦĻʵûеطͷ
̯һ飬ûдע⡣
鼮ȻǱ飬ӵһƪüԱһСдʲݣעս߱ü֪֮ʵҲ١衵ָˣŶ˷ȴľ֡о仰ˣҶξûмֵ
־ıԣſЩ뾭ѵ
Ȿ鲻֪衷˶ٱ飬עⲢǺܶ࣬ÿһ仰ܹһѪҶηŷţѶ˵ˮˡ
ߴĹǴ衵ͷϴģȵҶȻ񿴹ȥ衲֪γˣӶ棬ֿҳ
Ŀԣ̧
ѻƵ۽峺ˮ۳Ͷһ·÷ˣ
Ȼûá
һĳ˵Դ˸ҶڻƵĳЩܾûԡҶ򴽣סһСҡҡͷ
ϵˮغһϴͷ
ʲôóԵôֲͷ˶˵ƫͷô
ûСӪޣܳԵĶӡ˵Ϊʳסû̫Ľ˸ע⣬ĺЩŲУȻҸࣿ
ҶΣϻŵģ
ԡ衵ͷĲִ٣ζãˡ
ҲãϡϡģǿܺȰɡ
³Ѿ㲻ˡĿ˳ҵˮһһػ䵽ϣҶ͵ر˱۾ˣ㳣õĲأ
һ˳ִ˹ɵ˫ֵݸ
Ҷΰ˰ϡʪһһá衵ͷʵ̫ˣͷںȥٷҶţĿ䵽ϡ˵е㲻˼ɣʱҶʵ֪ġ
յİӣľȻ򣬿ʲţǿ߷άİȵȵ˺ܶྫʱ䡣Ҷβ˵ɣЩжġ
ĿⲻԾ䵽Ĳϣ衵Ĳһ˻šҶͷָͲԾǵϡ
˻һҶæջָע⵽ߣҶŤͷҩأ
áҩǷĩ״ģֻƤ⣬û˵úʵǺۡ衷ע⵽ҶεĿ䵽Ŀ⣬Ź˻һ
ʱҶˣҶΪ޹ʵҲǺֻۡС˲ùܡ
ҶοôܲܣȷʵûҩҲóȥʣƳһۣӻͳһƿһժһɵ滨ζ
ָͷһҩ࣬ĲĨĨ
Ĩ˿۰ͰͶŵӣҶιǸ߰ƿҪ𣿡
衣Ҫ
ȻҪȢСϳ˿ڲúñɫ˥ۣ
ҶοҪûסֿ졣
治ɫؽƿ滨ŻسҶξҪȥ÷
ӪĻͷȷʵѳԵҪйְˣǻһ㡣ֻƽٵˣʲôʲôǹһٲˡ
ޣԵҲǺܺáҶҲû˵ʲôؾصس͸衻Ӫˡ
˴Ϊ˰Ķ¡ôطŵУǸװ˷ѵġ߶䣬ֲǱһ˴Щһ͵ڻķϡҶξԲ·ӪȻ
һҲ¶ֻǺһ͹˲ϡʱҶһ˵Ȼ
ԤôŪİĶλڿϱߵһȵʵԭȾ򺣺ţȺļҲֻţȺȺ̨Ժرˡͷͨһε۹ת衵Уʲôô
Ȼʳؽûʲôʳ󣬵ȻֲҲÿֲʳǿʳҲ֮١
ȻҲòοرķ̶ֳȡ
Ҷ֮ǰѾϸǹ֪ЩصλãҲһЩ֮ǰôֲģֲʳȻҪϹҩҲֲЩƽϸߵؿѲ㣬ֲһЩ⣬䣬˵ضѹֲ޻ҲʧΪһõѡ񡣡
˵꣬۾
Ѿڣֲͳ˲ࡣҶλ滮Ҳʱƣɿרҵˣǲ֪๫ܲѰصˡ
һ˵ģҲ˵ʿеõġ
ʵϣӪ֮ʱѾһˣУξλҲ˲Ĵ޵ģǱ߿ѻĵصﷸ
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ˣһȵλʱĴ˾ũŲϼһﷸʲôﱻ衻ûŪ˱͹һȵģ㰲ģҵˡ
衻һ䣬Ҷε۾ؾ棿ֲÿ
񲻶ʱȻò衸ͷе飬ͷвҲãȱ£ֻ˵ҪˣҾŪȥ
졣Ҷμס衵󣬡´ʱͲˡ
˵ŻӪͷһġˡҶŤͷӪͷվһӰ衵˵˾䡮˾Ͷһ˽̧ͷҶΣ̷ŵǰϣһʹҴ˳ȥ
ҶμǽͶľûܣҪˡһĶȫϵĻÿĶҪһ˾͵һٸһĶҲرһ˹ĶĻʮʮ˾͹ˡ
ţҶŵһϤĿɬҩζ
̧֪ʱѾ˰ȥ衣ۣ๫ʲôҩ
էůʱ׷纮һ纮ҩ
һڽʣµȫ꣬ƫͷҶλع촽ɰȾĴմһˮգڲ֪ʱɫ죬ˮ⣬˼˴ιԤЪգ
ĬĬǸҶΣһûȥϴ
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סһֻ֣޳ָָмģֲרȥŪסգ
Ҷ촽Ƴһۡ
ĿԣЦñ
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š衲Դӡ
Ϣ֮䣬ҶκͿؾͱǣʡ
衵ĴǺܴоĵ齡ʱҶα棬ҳһš
Уһ·ûϴ˵ûҲûŪҶξǾӦϴһ¸áҪΪ˺ؽϻص¶
ȵȣҶĿҪǻɳס̽½֣ҵϴһ¡
衺̴ֳֶ٣ݽа
ɿﺬŵĶб۾ˣһ˫۾β֬һĺ졣
۸ҡ
ţͻĻҶеɡ
۸ҡ
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衺ȣҲñڡʮͣǾʢʱ򡣽ڻҴʱߣ̫
Ҷα˵һ죬۸
ԣϴҲ¡衵ͷһڡ
Ҷα׵Եɵɵģ涼Ѿֲ˵ʲô˲ֽ֪˶٣ֺ˵ֶһһҶȻǧܽг涼ƲסԼ治ܶƲסһҧ衵ļϡ
Ҳۣҧҧһڣ־͸ݡ
Ӫڵ죬Ҷǰ԰˯ŵر衸ȥġͷʲôʱˮʲôʱʰɾҶһӡûˡҵ衱һǺܿĴϣѾ˯²֪
ҹﻹеģů͡Ҷαڻůţһҹߡ
˶Уξˣ߳Ǵ˴ǶʶȤضԶ
ҶѾǿ쵽ʱ
˲ڣԱߵСϷһࡣ
Ҷ𤵽һ۾ͷϵķѲ֪Ķȥڷɢڼϣü·һݱҵĻ㿪¡һͷҶƳǳϡϡ˸Ƿ˵һġ
ҹŪˣûѴֻʣһѣһɫ衵ġ
˵衲ߵġʱҶҲȷʵߣֻ衵ѡŴѣӪʵֱ˸
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һͰˮҶε˲΢һ͡
СŮӴŲѣڴšϸĲǰ¶ļϲ˺ۼڷ磬д˯⣬üĿ䶼ǻɢȥɫ
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ȥĶˣ
ſҶξͷԼɤƵúܣָɺԵ
衽ˮãվҶε΢΢ͷ­޳ָҶδڼϵͷ˵֮Ǽڴɫֺγǣ
ҪȥôʵͦģկͷһƬԭ벻
Ҷ̲סڵҺô
ԭûʶյôһۺȻʶԼ˵һ䲻ʱ˵Ļ̲סü䣺ҵĴĪ֡
ҶΣ
Լ˵Ҳ죬Ҷûסְһۡƿˣְͷأߵϴǰϴ
˵˵ȥǺģѵһȻǵĿһߵķ羰
˵ʵʱͿǸtľҶο˾̲ס²ۣ̫ªˡתһ룬ĽȲϺʱĲtѾǼ̡
˳ʱʱǻӪеʳôһѾ˼ֹվһԿǡҶ££ϵΧȥæҪԼһ¡
ЩԥüͷŲԶԶһžַںš
Ҷգ۾ָ̧˸Ҷε޽ͷˣҽٴ䡣⸽ȫǹӪ䣬Īȥ
˵ָ꣬ʹ˸ҶΣԼ˴Ҵ뿪
ҶӪתһȦӪľͷǽɵġ˺ĺǽһ߸ߡܵıڰľͷȻӪػûнɡҶο˿סդľͷʵؼӲȽѶϵľͷ
ЩæµıҶιһ뿴ֲҿ
ʱͿߵĸҲ˼Щı䲻ҪӪկҪѻ
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۾ЩˣҦҵǮҲǱذյѪǮ衵潫ûǮƶկϣҲȡ֮֮
תһȦ׼衵Ӫʣǿ˦űһȺǰߡЩ˵еŵķˡҶβչȥ͵Ⱥ߹Щţһ׺ӵͷһôֱͦͦصϡ
ӻͦˣҪ˦˶һæȥ鿴ͷ亹ðȺ˵ǷˣǴָҪģǵͷ
ҶһԿ˰죬üͷǰȥǺܶҽѧ֪ʶȻǶһġ˼һûȥˡ
Ҷθ׼Ҫͷŵ˸ϽǰˣҪʲôֻ˵
Ҷοǣÿָͷ̧°ͣǻѹؿڣκ˾ûˡ
Ҷ߲˵꣬ЩΪѡԥƬ̻ˡ
ǰ˼£꣬ͷ˼۾ͷһ۾ˣǴĻʵǳеĹ٣аŪ衡Ҷһݵڳµķ̣ʮĪ˿Цá
衵˿ŴҴҸҲͷһͨЦ
ʦͷ¶Ҳܳһʦ


77 
ͷŪһ£˲ڵصغһȻߵıӸǰһ죬°ʾ⡣ǱǸղŸСӣ㶵ɵְ˼Ҹͷվ°ڣģСӻûأ
⻰˵ǽһСûӦߵ˶һܵŵӡ
Цһͷ˵ˡ
šСͷôһ衣ĿŴŲתһվŵҶϡ˵ȥʵʶֻǷҲˣҶ˵ĻˡĿôһɨѾЩ׵üëӪôС
Ҷû˵־ͽҶȥʦѧӡ
ȢˣŲɲֻǴ˼µ£ʱҲ̹Сӵġ衳ƺһʦԾӦˣȿȡҲûʲôǰ½ԳɿաҲٻྩྩЩ˶˸ϵҲͦá
˵꣬ƺҪڵӣأԵСѾͷͦ
ҶΣԼã
Ϸҿġͷͦ˵Իһͨ͵ֱ衰ŪͷҾǸ͵ﶫģԵҿɰﲻ㡣
¡ʦΪ͵ǵ¶
̧״ͷãͦصظˡͷӻǣʮˣЩͷǶʮ߰µӡһ鶼ЩľӰȥһҲû̫ķӦŲӪʡ
˼Ҷû衻ͷһ
Ҷջشߣ
ӪأŲĹϵûٹһ£ıظšŲûнɹκ΢ᣬ˵ЩˮûͱȥٶôûˣµѪȾ˲пڣŲΪһʹ˶Ͼû뵽Сӵ⸱ؾܻؽУξλá
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ҶνӪͷˮͷ̵һĨӿˣ˵ɣһϷŪҪϷʲô£
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ЦаĶκ˶㣬ֻտֲЩʳнãڲֲ֮ͨ¡Ѱūκδ˵ذԷΪֲ١
˵ţͽŲȥֲʳһ¸˵ڡ
Ų˰죬СӾȻҪһ˾ũŪؼҸ
֪֪ν
Сͷһ˲䶼ˣֱ¡һֵֻ衵ıӣ㣬Сţ鵯ȸϷʲôˣ
ҲȰʦǿǣЦĶţ·һйĳĺʦϸ첲ȵģܻӵĶͷôô紵ɹģʦӹǻס಻ѧȥһСæͷвҲ֪֡ʦѧʶͼʶЩֵӱܳɻأ
ǰͷ˵ˣͷһ䵹ǸŲ˵ɫһ䡣
ߣбۿ衣һŵӡĵЩɣƵطһضƤˡʲô
֪ʦҶʱһ仰һ߲ˡ
Ҷһͷ˵ĿǣԼĪµ˵ӣȻ˳˵
ŲûЩҶ룬ʱЩЦĲֲ࣬Ǳһ֡˵ԼĪǱӵǰɣ
ȻǡҶ˵һ֣ŲðŰɡ
Ҷ̾˿ϧڼУڼұɽʦơӣͷкѣѣѣҲϵãȥõֵģûϹ֡Ųũѧ֪ʶõӶˡ
ŲͷûȺãһӾǺũѧϡʳũ߲ãʳЩ龫ǵҪõ¶ʱ˵ⲻȡԴײྩ»ʲ׵ذ˹ӵ˵أͷҲЩĻ䡣ˣΪڴ˵˴˲ʱЩ⶯
ͷһ˴뱲ӣѵǼС޺ˣ
ͷһŵӡ衰ȥҲûܾ
Щ·ĺܣŲҪһ棬˵һ˵ʾءѡڲҲûб𴦿ȥ
˵ľ찲ŻѸ٣ֻһյĹѾ˶ʮ˹ȥʣµ˲żֲҪ֣ٳȥЩ֮Դؽ磬͵衵Сͷ֪Ҳܡ
һ͹ȥҶξȥ衿˵ЩҶ߲á
ӲǱӪգ˵ĴҶȥһֶû֡Ҷ۾ʱųյĴ⣬ҶθоԼ·Ʈ
еӢڣ֮Ȼ
ɫˣɫˣǧٱǣűߡղٶˣҶεҹͲסԼǧܱǿӸƭˡҹ˯һ͵̻ȥٸյĲ֮£ҾͰҩǸˣ
ųģ˸˾ƵĴݰף»¡
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ΪҶβ֪Ҫǿ׳ıӳԱ϶ǲеģ˲ֻܻ±Щ϶Ҫͷġ
ҶεĻ̲סЦ
ΪܣΪ٣񲻹ǳԼҡ
Ҷ֪ͺá
˵ôˣ衱ҲɫҲʺ϶Ů鳤˼˵ʵڻָжεºܣ
ӦԼǾ䣬òŽһãģҹ㡣
һҹǽҶαڻ˯ġ
ʵ̫Сǰҹ֮ʱЩڲֱ˲̫ĶЩźҶԵɵ֮ʱڶֹʱˣԺ䣬ҵôһʮ˶Ĵ齲С
Ҷ˯úͿΪξҰ˼ͣһ䣺
һ㶣ͷԼԴҶεľЦﶼˮ
һҹһ磬Ҷξϻؼҵ⳵
Ϻ⼸ոסһ飬ҲȵġöòͷǿˡҶˣһ˦޾֨ѽ֨ѽص˸ͷҶζ⳵ͷﻹһСӡⶫϻżȻƼģܾ˳ۡ
ڲԶ⳵ߣӰ޳üĿ־
Ӳ߳ʮɣȻͣûȴƿˡҶͷӳ̽ӣԶԶغһʰ
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ڳվͷҶΡҶſڳϣӻͳһɫϸľϻӵݸͷߵͷҶһЦģŰɡ
һ㶣ҶѾص˵һ壬߰ɡ
Ϻһ˦֨ѽ֨ѽ
㶵ؿľϻӣһһľӡգգ۾ǲԾСѾͷƬӡ


78 
һӾͽůˡҲˣнָ֡
⳵ִﶫѾǰӲŵҶξżæŵȥйûСһ˵ǿ֮ǰ̷ǴŸͷһ졣
ҶεǲģȥʱлûأøС̷̯
ʵϣߵԼأʺֲСʢеǴСҶ˵û֪ʶҲ֪СҪоһʱĴôҲʮģȻʱȥѾˡ
˼ȥֻܳǮѾֵ硣ڶذѡֲ˶ܶ࣬硣
ⲻϣӶûȥһһˡЩҲܻСϺżͽ⳵ϵʩӵͷͣţҲһһʡ
˭ʶҶΣǰа̯ӵʱһһԽû衵˾Уξλãʲ˭ϵܼˣ
ҶǸˣЩһ̯ʶļҶż͸ָ·
Уξżȥʡ
Ҷָ·ԭʩ̯Աƥģһʮü׳˶ˡҲ衰ӹܵúãĶҪĲ٣ȻǸмҿǴüĶÿӡְȡֵ׵ĶУ겻¡꿪Ҳȥ磬ָʣܶ࡭
ôһѣҶҲתҼͿˣ
ɲǣҪ磬ɢôյ룿ɢҲôһաȻҲҲû취Ҷæл˸˵ѣϽȥһҡ
ҲˣһֱҶκӵء
ϺһȦ¹οϣϺȳһͷң˵⼸ҲġĲ࣬ҲҪƵþŵȡ
żҶŵͷ߽˶ţȥһˡ
ϺҲûҶȥʵʵصͷȥ߰ѳϹҶ⳵͸Ͻȥһҡ
˵Ҳûд󻧡ߵĵؽƶѾþ޴ݣӦ˵ǵļҲļеذ嶼שһ̼ңһҡֻҸ̼һв̼ͬߵ̵·ӣʵʵڵĴ
ҶεǰʱҴǰСͯɨϦ£Щ¾õ˼
⳵ͣ£һͷСͯ͵ŵܹʻ
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һҵĴŴˣ߳һٵͷ
ͷ˲ţЦسӭ
Ҷԭ׶ϻϽĻְŵͷ˽ǰ˳ͷҵļ߷Ҵ٣˵ԴϿʲУξλãٵص̶ܼ͹أһ㶯ûС
ʵҶԭûôϣһ䲻ҳںֵεУξŲʣҶЦҲʮֱֿ˵
үЦЦһźӿͿҶ
ҶθŽԺӣҵĸ̼ۡ˵ĴֲҪžµöࡣǰͥһ·߹ֲ԰ϸϸ̨ͤ¥󡢵԰ף͸һɸϢҶһ·Ĵ߽˻үϲ衣
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֪Уξ˴ʱǰν£үһͷ˵˵˹ġ
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үһ¶Ľ䱸һ
ҶЩ֣ܼҸҳӵҲûбĽүַ·ʲô顣ʱҲ⣬ү΢˼Ƭ̾ʹӦˡֻ˵ĲԣׯǱߵ¶ͷ˴Ƿж磬ʹ˷ܸһ׼Ƿ˲ȥׯƹٸܼҵݻ
Ҳǡ˵ˣҶҲܱһ̸
ȻȻ

ʱɫûһĹЩڡҲǶصģɫȻҪдġүûΪҶǸŮЦ˲ø㷹
ҶβŴӪկŶû
ҶǹƻڵţЦЦܵүؿҲǲŴͷгѵȼˡͲ÷ˡ
ǣ˿ؽҶͳԺӡү⳵Զתȥ̾˿
Ҷβ֪в⳵Ϻͷһ˦ޣӱҴһܼҡ
ܼŲүǰѾ͹ʵϣһŪʮˣҶϻӪկϵһʮ˳үӣ˶ȥ︽ׯӰáĶﲻֻأиׯӡ
ϾţȺʱū澳ȺۡҲסôˡĵ軧ǲãص軧ճɵūȴҪáظׯӵġ
ԺűпһҶλ˶֪ҶζϵĹǣӲڼ̣ϱ뿪ͻšҲ֪ӶϱѵøǢһգвҲȥ
ʱҶδ⳵æؾ͸һֹǱ߳Կ˰ɣǱ߶ϷҪԵûԵģҪȵûȵģȥն۳һȦʰСӰ㲻ˡ
ҶΣûݡ
ݶ٣ҶЩΣֹţҶҲ̹
ôûݣϺںͷ˨˨ˡϲֶ࿴˼ۡȷ˲ŹҶߡǰפصӸŵˣǽ˼¸žˡ°ͼ˲٣Ǳ߷ʳֲ̫ڡ
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Ҷλ۾ƳԺЩ˵
ʦˣ衺ʦҶȻҲźʦ
ͷͷĵһվƼˡͷһĶֵصЩûѿЩѾðѿʮũѧ򽻵ľϣȷʵֲϵá
һһԼĪϡҶȥֹǺͷһֹ˼ûֻ걾Ҳ֣ȻѿˣҲϵãżȻӡòŷѿóʲô
ŲҶô˵Ҳʵϣͷ࿴ϸ¼͹۲⣬
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šҶβڵ⼸գҶæýŲմأл˵ɡ
Ҫ˵ŲŪܼ˺ԺЩûֲϲʲôǱȻҶһֺòˡ˾ũʲôɽ亣ζûԹ˵Щ̰죬ҲûеΪһڳԵľίȫܼ߲Сô˵ģʲô˶ɿڡ±ʲô󳦣ֳ¾ơŲ񳢹Ժ񫣬ʱʱһӽ
һҪͷӶҪܵա
ҶۼƳ̲סЦҲûеֻ֪
Ҷ˻ô˷ӳԡҶŲҶϺ߳һӣϲżһûصķַŲƳһϺҶαҲ˳ƽܵλﻤĸףܼסˡ
衽ΪУξһҲ֮ɽѾ˻λá
ͷʲôﻤ⻰֪Ϻū͡
ϺЩ˼ЦЦ˵СӳϢ˸λϺȴûеүĵƽܼҲǹģҶδʱһ£ЩмŲЦЦֻ˵ԼǵսʱҶεĶݲסǶĳá
һٷԵֵģ԰ҶξͽϸŲҶûը࣬Ūʳ̯ӵĲϣͰϲ¸йȥ֡
˼̸¶˼æǣżҲȥʰ
һߣҶξȥصĵͼóͼջģ˵ǰֻǴԵȥ￴һȦµλú״
Ҷΰͼָ̯ͷĸ˽һ飺ȵ׵λãԼĪʮĶϵķи֡ŵƽϵͣڹȵףʪҲˣǸֲʳĺõطʮĶбɽϣ泯ϣ㣬ɹʱʺֲһЩ޻ϹͲˣҩġߵĶʮĶͲһЩЩɳֲһЩҪ󲻸ߵ
ЩؿŶ࣬ʵֲͦСһֱפصĺͷ󲿷ֶȵס
ϱЩǺ˽⣬ڸλׯӶûȥŵҲȥ巿幤û¹ʱŸƵġЩܼʵʵڵĲƲ֪ܲȻŬ
˵Ҳ׼ȷЩֻҵĳжϡλöжȥҶҲôϣ۳žҪȥϲУʦ㿴ǲչȥһƣ
ŲҲûбð˼͹ˣйˡ
УӦҲɴ࣬һиʶضҹȥɡ
Ҷһô˵һǾô˵ˡ
Ųڵصͷ˵Ĳ࣬ҲǰݶһҡҡλεؾԺߣ˵ʰҵģϷºơ
ɻҲУøô
ҶһЦü۵ģУǰһڼЩơʦȥ￴˻¸ȡ
Сͷ°һӰʧҹĻС
˵ͷβûôף֪ҶڰǰĶʰôǲôķˣŻûšҶһ㲻˷ѺöϵĿϡ˵ҪʳȼһŻҲ˸ɾҪǰĶﶼʳֻҪɺԣۼǲǾͲ¶ˣ
ɲǣҶεͷ뵽Ǳû׼̾˿Ǹ¶
ϣ磿
ʳԺֵЩϹ߲˲ͬѾѹڴβ
Ҷǽϸһ
һʳﻹҲţ¶ָܹǱ߲磬ĶѵôţöʼңһҲǺõġ
⻰Ҷͬ⣬⻰˵˼⼸ղæȥתתģܶ˵ϺӣҲЩֲʳҲֵĹϹ߲ˣʵڲЩҩҲһ
˵ϵһ׮¡ҶαϲʱҲûϲ⣺ϴĥĥģǰ滨ķӸ
ҶһⲻǺ¶
Ǻ£滨ҲôƵġͷüζҩء
żҩУгһߵ֮ʳֺá
鵢󲻵ã¶ѹҶǵҹ˯ò̤ʵûˡҶôһҲŲ£ҶѾԺϴһ˶ϰԣҶøڰȶţȥ
кտСţȥС
ҶνҪڼеҵϢһҲûšһϺŲȥȥһ緹ˡڵ⼸ǱѾˣƵӶǺͷµĻɱʵʵҽȥġ
Ҳ˵ҶߵȵĽģȥϾ¹θǰҲеѰ
ԼĪãһȥת˺üȦûġһЩϵõӵ˲٣ЩֲʳҲͷʹǮȥ˭ģһʱҲû˸׼
ϸɰͰ͵صһ磬޹
صߣԺﰲġȥҶεӣҶ˻ڼҡϱĿԣϿҶһŵʧʱľͿһ£һûô
ƻûҶβżǻеģͷͨ㣬Ȼûкһ绰ô죬ҵʹȥׯʣŻҲҪһյġ
ҲǡҶƷһɾĲ豭һ¶ǡ
ҶˣϺȲһ١
˵ҵһ׮¡
⼸Ҷβڣտ⾭Ҫмġżһֱֻ֬Ӻ滨⣬Ҳܸ˺
ϲҪʱ̹עΣʱʱ֬ȥ
һȥ￴ͽˣ̳ܼ֬ҵ⣬ҲһӡȲ˵Чϣļ۸ҪܼߵӱǮһ顣֬֬ˮҲϷ¶͸оһԡ˵ζܼĲܶ࣬ϴȷʵܸɾҪǼ۸̫ࡣ
ϰ¶һᣬҶеıʾһ٣ʱ£
ա
֪ԼҵҪԴʲôȻĵĺܡҲϲ֬ˮһĶвæʱܻȥ䣬һеʲô仯ע⵽ˡ
ҶεüͷҲдˣǸùԿ


79 
ùҶξˡ˵ζţϴϴǲġ䷽ĳɷȲһӵȱܼҪǿһЩ֪ҶεĴȷʵˣһƤɬɬĸо
ôòǺ󣿡Ҷδ˴֣оǺԡ
ҲԣܾһЩɬֺûСȷⶫû㣬ֻ趹ζӵһĹζ
Ƚһ¾üͷóʱòܿζȷʵǺš
ǲţ۸Ǯӿ̫ˡܼҽл˾ǮӲ࣬ѰСϰ˵Ǯһ˼ҴµĽáһЩ˼ңЩǮ±ܼʱܹҲŰ˾Ǯӡ
ЩǴĶģҶ⼸ոպȥһһصգмסաһӾ͵죬Ϸʲô¶á
ҡҡͷ¶Ҳգûʹȥ
ʵϣϵʱԺʶòãһãָܼҵĲһԱ֮£ܼҵĻҪ࣬Ǿ԰ġת˺ü֬Ӻ󣬷ֶֻܼ֬ҵĻӵĽ̨ǱһĻԭȲţʱҶεɫԣЩš
¶ô϶ϵ鲻УҶȼ˸־ģʽִ˲ܸͬҶε˼άѾǿ
أȻЩصġܼ֮ô׽ӣʳ̯ӺʩֻСǮ
߸ԭкܴĲ𡣸˼٣աҶεĻ˵ⶫƷ󲿷ò𡣻֮гֻҶһ̣ĹȻи˵ģԶ
ͼռгôġ
Ҷôֱ׵طϵľ;ʹȥ
ЩסתͷȥС
Ҷڼеһ죬쵽ʱԺͷ˺šȥţ˲ҵˣҵĳ
ͷһܼңְУξ²ְҲδ붫ԼͺģûյȻûһԺӾͿٵɨһȦªԺӡ͵Ͱ󷿣Ժ䣬տԺﻹ˼
ʵ˵ǿȷʵҶΣҪΪԼũԺӡô룬ǰ㲻¶ġפؾԱߣǰλУξˡ
Ҷε£˽˵
Ȼǲƴǣݾ¡
ôԺӣ뻹л͵ĻͨľͷİϣŶ˵˶ȵĲˮЦʮֵǫѷˣǲɡʣȳٺ˼áɸϴ⼸գöõ綼Ѿѡȥ˵ʣģѡԺôϳ˵ġ
һ˵һ߹۲Ҷε飬̬㹻ǫ˵ȴôǷ˲ǵ͸áЩôϳ˵罫ͣ˹Ƿǲ
˵꣬еĲ豭һգգҶεɫ
Ҷδû˵
Ҷԭ˼򣬵ҵ˼͡Ǯ˼޳;ˡһȨҶ⣬һ
˵ĻȻҲ⣬ʱȷʵѹ˴βٹվ͵·ݣũصͰȥ϶ѰŵġҾ㻹ʣģЩʣȷʵҲǳ
úõϵȵصʪˮԴȫġúʵǽ᲻áҲԼЩ¶ѣװ׵˺ʱûбӲҲֻܽܣͷʣĶЩ磿ʳм֣
硢硢綼СƳһҶΣһЩ׵硣
׵ӣҶһ¡
׵ӣʵ룬˿ϸrǶ֮еҲҶʵһ㶣˼Ҷ˽͡
׵Ӿ޻ҶˡʱֻͷҲû˵Ҫһ硣
Ͼأȥܱ֤ճɡôණķȥֲ벻װ׵ôһ顣һô㡣
ɣҲֲϵ¶Ȼøһյ˿ȥ⸮һˡ
Ҷôһ˵ϵЦݾͽӲ˲١
Ҷζһڲ裬˵ʲôֲ֪ô˵ҶѾûҪ̸˼ֻ㬵վʣһ䲻ϳ˵ģҲ̫̫Ҳܼһˡ˲ƹ˵
ôȷʵĿ϶̫̫óͲöǴӦ
ҶηҲϸһ£ũǰΪ˱֤ʳĲϾֱֲһļʲѿֻ磬֤ÿһȥ綼ǽ׳ģճɵĲŲҲвģ֮ԸʱΪ˸õа취磬ǲҲܸϸ˶
ȻЩҶθǳֲʶϹĥģɲʹͷ
Ҳˣɣͷһˡ
ͷͷ
Ҷλ˵⣬Ҳ˵ʲôʱԼʶЩף¶治ӦҶΡϾҵıҾڶأܼڶʲ衵СǾӱֽҲܼŵʱѿ
ֻҲҪãнİĶءЩõ϶ȽԼá
ȻˣҲûܼҾôҶü֪˼ʲôҲֻиǡ͵Ժ⣬ͷһܼҵ鹣ü䲻Ǻչ˳
һߣҶҲû˼ţȥϵӡ
ϰеţȵŻ
û绹ӵ¶ķϻԺ²ߡ
ȥʲôӣóƣҶǰһ죬ʱҪûϸʡʱȲ飬ҶȻӡ
죬ֹġ
ҵ˵ĻǶˣЩʹ졣ҼȻԸһЩ磬ΪβƯЩõĻĶһ㡣תһԼ˼ҪҵĿûӵġ׵õĶûԼ˵پҪ˼õġ
⡣ϽߵĻȥתͷù
ɷϣҶζٴ©˼ϻҹӣѺͺѣǼ©ˡҶδֽһЩӡѣһЩߵӡĶ࣬߰һѣҶηŷŷһϤӡ
ϸϸĲСĺѣҶһСѷģȷͲѡ񲻽ȷʵͲѡ
ô˼ϱķңҶζһƣʱʹչ
ǲϵͲѵģҶΡҶεɫ֣أϱҲɫӿʵϣǳԵͶǲͣʵⶫҲ㺱Ҷ֪вͣĥֲʳϴƬͲҲǺõġեƵҲǺܾ˵ġ
ණ衣
ǲǸͲ˵ѣҶβͲʲôֻúĽз
ã˰Σȷǰɣȷŵʣ
ҶεͷһС°áҶμ֥鶼СҲϵ˶٣ҶηڶûġŷţҶηһֵӡԼĪгһָڴСɫģƤ⻬ûëرʯ
ʲôҶرڵûѧũѧ֪гһմŴ͸ѡũѧרҵġЩﶼϵá
ҲһۣҶζϵãϵãã˵ǷĹӡ
ҶһǷģЩ
￴ӣԺͷ⳵ĶϺŲǴǱ߻ˡͷҲ˻ôţĲСͷ϶մ˲мһһϵݣʰҵģϷ¾û
ҶһͽӸҴҳӭºˣүȥ￴Σ
ͷƳһҶΣȷʵǺõأһȫǶֵءֻҪ粻ѵĴԲ
һ죬үӵĻѵõĺϢҶ⻰Ҳ¶Ц⡣ҶøϲǼںæ˰죬յʩҪʳġʽ̯⣬æȻ졣ͷӻͲ˲ҶΣ㣬Ҫ
ҶεЦ
æ˸Ųͻغͷϴһ£Ȼ
һ꣬ϲŽϵȥҶξͰѽյͷ˵ˡŲ˵ôҲ¶֮ɫ˵˭Ҳû˵Ҷ衷ް嵽û˵¶ؾ˺ô棺ʰŸûվء
վ˽ŸЩ̻ĿɲϸТҪ绹ģûġ˭лӴأ
Ų̾ϢһҿҲȥһˡٵľ͸е㵱ٵӣСѾͷΪˣӶʰǱƴƴĽկ÷ߣάؽİؽˣʲôЩԵʵĵһԾûСͰͶ˼ˣݶ
Ҳûжݶ˼ⲻ˼Ҫô˻̬Щ̫ˡ˵Ҳֱ׳ҪТУξ
ͷ˵Ĺ˼ҶҲö
˵ףҶεײǷ⽨ٻ³һŲ⻰˵ȴҲ˵ִˣûʲôٱ߹һ˼룬ʱеġôȷʵûǷ
ȷʵˣĲ
ŲһӶڲЩ£Ȼúܣһֱ·ݶܳɵġϵѮ磬ղҪ׵ҲǲʱգϵѮ֮ǰܻ͸˵ĵ·ȵʱź÷ѿܼЩҲռ˵λõĺôǸȵʪأˮԴֻֽʪҿظֵ
Ųһ˵Ĳ죬ź۾ҶεǵҲɣð뺵ĵ֣ȵµϵ̫ʪЩ
ʦˣҶǻȻʣֵǲҲɡһҪΪʳ
ŲȻöҪ
ֵ㻹ȥŲƢҲ֪ôģһ˻ܲˣ򷢸ūȥظҲȥˡ
ҶһЦʦ˵ǡ


80 
ҵݻͲôżˡȻү˵ΪͶ˶ʮʱ䡣
ܼҲż磬Ҳ̾ˣֻȥ˵ֻǡ˵֣ҶλһͲѵĺѸүˡ
ŲϵõͶˣƳһ۾͵̦ܿµ֮ǰ磬Ҳǲʱȥ
Ҷŵûʲô̦ܿȻүӵĿͲѡҶΰһӰ˵̯ϣϵõһһؽͷϡ
ŲСϱľٶŪÿЦãʱûСѾͷϷʲôأ
ҶκٺһЦͿظͷⲻûүѧʶԨôؼ¶ϵãָϸָԽأ
үӺһҪʹҲûβͣܰβ졣ÿʲô˵ЩӸô֣ʱ֣ҪһҶ棬ĵֲ衰˸Ūһũѧ飿
ũѧҲס˲ʶ˵ྩλΪԶİ֮˵ĳ谮άԪϵŲһߣףô͸š
²ҲգŲĻ䡣
ҶһһţֽϴġʯݵүӵĸǰүŵʯͷƵʱܵͣſ˰죬˵ȻϵҲͷ۷Ź⣬ʮָȤɲΪģ
ⶫǴĶŪģŲСĵؽӹһŵ¿˿ȷʵû
Ҷֱ˵ǴģʦҲûô
ŲʶǲʶҲûйⲻװġǸӶ˰죬ԽԽϡ档˵ླڵֲ궼ϵãųʶġһЩҲְı½ӴֹûҡҡͷѯҶܸܲоһ
Ҷοһϣ϶Щ²˼Ҷ
ǿԵġҶ˳ھʹӦˡ
ŲͷˣҶµľҲζҶĥ¶䣬ľͷһ롣еͼ¶ֻܵȴԵ
԰ͷ͸ϺغԺӡ
Ҷοοϼ䣬һýݡšʯ죬ȥݺͷһСȥ˺ԺĿյءյѾ˼
ͷһȻžҶδųܼҼŮӶһڡֳȥĵԺܶһȦⶫӾҹҵܽöࡣϺҲЩȥЩʣµĶǾ²˰ݿܲӵȼгԵ߲˹Ϲ
Ҷڲ԰ӱһȦѡһյأͷһСšʵҲ²ôֵģֲȶҪܳɻཽˮʩʣܹûġ
һСҶβọ̈̄һСѡʣµֽ
ϺϴõˮһӰڲ԰Ӳûŵһȥ򡣵תһܼԺôߣԺӴ˨ͷ˸ľַŻضĵԼĪǰͷӵ˹éޣ·԰ۣǾҲ
ҶΣʱظһشϵ԰
ҶʵҲͻ룬ҲûϺָ͡ԼֵһŸϺ˵ƽпӽˮʱעЩһˡҸһȥ
ϺʲôӣҶô˵ȻͷϡͷҶλǰԺݾͰ¶￡˵ˡ˵￡꣬Ѿö˻͡ƽϺҪҶγȥܣ￡ܼҲŸɵСָ԰ӽˮʩʵ¶ŪġʩõľǰԺЩļʺ࣬˵ʩͦЧ
ʡġ￡һСӶ¶ö࣬Ϻöཻ˵һͳɡ
ޣϺŲһݡϺӴ֧һŴŲһ¹ͷЪϢ˵ЩӵͷҲմҹ˯Ļ˯¡
˵ŻŲ˳һ䡣
ʱû廰һȴȥ԰תһȦͷĺľôҲ˵ֻ˵Ҷ߰ȥһˣϾֵ¡
ʵϣʲֵ׵˼Ҳ࣬󲿷ֵСҲ˵ûУûУҶȥҲסʵģ־нҶι֪׵ʮ֡
˵Ȼԡ׺ãҲ֪㣬סؽֲ׸ãҲн
ǲȻһ㣿֪к֣ܶճԵı֬ס֪Ƕõģһ ֣ʲô־ֿ
Ҷô˵ҲЦȷʵͷһٶĿҲожϡûʼ־Щϲĥδ̫ĥߴЩ˵ҲûкļжҪʵ
ʱҲˣʵڲãŲһȥҲС
ãҶҲˡ˵һЪϢ
һҶξ͸ϾŲһȥС
˵е֣ȻҪ򣬸ֵֶһЩϵĵ֣Ҷÿһһʯ²Ķ̦࣬ܿѣ׵ӵ֣٣ʲôͶˡ˵Ҫ˻˼ңٸѾֲһԶȥׯϡ
ŲҲǸóԷģһ磬صԺӺ˿ˮͼæϺݳȥ˶ûڼãҶκ˸͹ȥġ
ˡ

ͬʱһûҶεֻܼʹһ仰Щ㷲
үԭûôҶС˷ġ
һҶСʮꡣ˵֮ǰֻһͯŮĻ롣ү˽;ûʶúŪ˵ưڵλʵûô˼ҶܼԹأ¹˼˼ҹٵݣ¶Ҳ
ǰҶԺ;Ҷθ˵ͿģǸƤӱģ͸ҲСĵ˼ӲҵļȻͶԭĥţһܼҼװΪܼҸһȥóûܼһ顣
̳ģŵ˲ŻõûҪܼصģ˭֪գܼҵСϱͱ˿ڷ硣
Ȼʹ˹˵Ҫ磬ԤȫȻͬԤڣɲͽĻţ
뵱ӦҶε˵ǣüͷûչ˵ܼǸʲô˼˵úúõģ̬ͻ䣬˵Ͳ
ûܼ˴ûУ
ȥﶢţһȥˡ
˵¶ҲЩķܼô͸˲ͬСϱ˵ϸģôͽ׼ҷžʹȥʱҲûˡ
򷢸ȥͷţЩ¶Ұƨɲɾˣ
ڶһô꣬ȻеƵġ˵ûôһССУξҲ鷳Ͼ⣬ǿѹͷߡڶýﻹıëˣҴҵҲճ֪ʯ档
̫СģܼҾһȺ¶ĸһܷķˣ
ܼҲ죿²
ǸܵУξǸƵͷࡣźúõĻ᲻ӪʲǸһ֪ػһؿկǰûûȨ֪ţѻʯ߽ꡣƴһУξλãǾ˵ءΪУξôģ򺣸ţȺӪʮ껹˵ŪŪˡ
˵¶ʮġ
Ǹӵپ͵٣ö˶˵طǵŪʲô˵Ǻǿ֮Ǹ˰ǲýˣҲˡΪǵӾͺùôìͷ׼صĸ̣ר̻߶˰Ͳ±ȥ
˵ôܵʲôôܼԼҲڴ̣һ˲
֬ˮ˰¾ͺһ̲ȥ²˵ҳǱشİĶǼľ֬ˮ⣬ҪĽҲԴڴˡ
ܵǵطһǼ£Ǳ߻زоһ˼˶Խ಻ˣҲûʲô˵ĵĵط˵ۼ¶ǲܻ֣ᷢǷˣܼһŮôţ
Ҳʹ죬ȴô˵ģͿˣǸܼҵС˿ź˵ʵҲôӵġǸӣⷳʲô
ҭסˡ
죬òʹ졣ʶβúŪСžͺúŪ
Ƴһۣӻִҡҡͷˣ¶Ҿûô򵥣СЩɡȥܼһˡȲ˵ģ¶ֱӾˡŪ˸ϲεĵˣƽǵ˼Ǻޡ
ͷˣʵҲԼ˵һͨȷʵǻ¡
߰̾Ҷǲֻ֪뵽¶˽͸Ͻؽ
϶װ׷ţȻǾ簲ȥֲ硣ׯϻһ˵ţͷָ˽ˮ͸ϣ˾ڵšֲ֮ǰ÷ŵµĻʮʱܰЩѿ
ݵĹˣһƬﲥȥͷһ㵾ǻҡ
Ų˵ʱ߸ˣҲ衴Ǳ߸Ūġһ棬һģͦͷĿءҶδͷҲɴһ£ҵǣų¶ҵѧ
Ҷ۾´һˡʵҶοˣʱ˵ѾˡʮüСһ㣬Ҳжʮ߰˵ӡ
ʰҵģҲˡ
ŲҶθǰģСɹһ㣺Ի㡣ûҲͷܣúһСŪһмֻܷģڶأܽʮĶĵ£
ҶЦʦ˵ģǲģû˸
ˡϷһʲôûʳָŲźӣʲôԸ뵽취ֻܷĵš
ô˵ˣҶαҲûڹȵ׾ô
ǰϣŲָʹ˰ѵظҶβ̤ҹɫ˼ҡ
һصԺӣϿͷ¹
Ҷȥ˵ˮνӣƺµӾ˺¡ϱ㽫˹˵ˡҶһоüͷʱү˵ˣǰ˵Щǹⲻһ߲ϣ̬ͷŵˡ
ô˵ģҶһϴһ߾͸˵𻰡
ЦһȻǺشߡ
ҶεͷǳںԭһҲǿʱһЩ¹򡣿̫̫ļö˻öˡ
˵¶ͳȥˡҶμϴһ±㻻ѳ
ҶźǰͷʯԺ˯СС˳ࡣֻ֪Ժ˯Ѿ໵ҽлˡСֶնյģɫ׵ѩҶⲻϲСƼ˶̲ס뱧ǵϲһžžવش̧̣ͷ
ԴǰȥʩӾºҶڴǰ˼Ҷλ˵˵ӵ飬Ҷʵæó鲻նաʱҶ£˸Ͻ㱨
ʩӵһֱȶһԼĪܾ׬ʮ˵ʮࡣҲһøҶΡ
ҶŲ࣬ͷ˱ңͲ鷳ˡ
㱨ˣûߡҶζֹġ
ҶμҶһ˺ӳְС˱ڻֵָձСצӸ߬סüͷڵңǸ¶Ҵˡ
ҶЦһ٣̧ͷô˵
Ǵӱؽģ̨ǱߵĻ
ľʶò˵ġЩ˲ôȴа취ʱ˵ǼֺͷС˭ҵĻûϰҲϵˡң˭£ϼ֬Ӷ
ۼʱʲôҶüͷıۣǵصұܼҵӳҶɻ͵ʦ
ҶñźţϵضҲ岻ϻ
ūҾͲˡһʩӵģǱ߱Ͼڿš
ҶȻҲ¾û̸վͻȥϡ﷭⼸յ˲Ҷι̧ͷҶȻǻʲô©ܼ֣˵ǺܶӪϾƼҾˣҲһ
ʳʲôˣ⼸һΪֽͷöһʹȥӵ¡һЩơ
šҶϽµĻ˵ˣҲڼ⼸գʲôֻͷе⼸ֽŲɾϵģ
һ䣬ϵɫ΢΢һ䡣
ʵϣļܼҶϤǻǮͨġҶ˵ϸʹЩ˵ұûʵȥ챳ϾҼŮֲʲô⹤֣Ҫһһȥʵرʱ˷ʶȨĸ˻Ǯͨȷʵпܻй¶
Ҷôһ룬üͷšĴ᣺ǷУ
Ҳ˭ֽŲɾļ˶ͦʵġɫÿصôһ˵ҵߵõ죬һԳǸ֬ӵƹ˵ҪۼҵӡͦĳҪ򣬾˽ȥתһȦ
³һ˿һȦҲû˵Ҫ٣ˡ
Ҷεһ⣬ﵱʱȥ￴ģ
ͷɹӵĿۼƺõӾͶǱߡϵ֪ý˿ԭϿܿˣǽӦûƼǡ
Ӧò׮¡ҶӿһŻɤȴĵӴãٲʮʮ졣ȥ๫ҲСʮա˵û˵Ƽӣ˵ڶ³һ˼Ӷӵľ棬̸ҲҪʱյġ仰˵ٴȥ¾Ϳʼﱸһ㣬ʮʮһҲпܡ
Ҳ﹣һռ˼Ūˡָ͵ۼҵķӣϾۼҲӰ࡭
˵⣬Ҷκضһۣƺ뵽һȥܲҰɡ
ҶδһʼҪŪӣǸٶ
⼸ҲһֱҹǰʱԺŪԭҲˡͶܼңȷʵ֪ҪʲôϡҶûǴĻ֬ˮġǸٱҲͦġ
ҶǣϷһ㺮˪˵ǲ¹ĺܣ
ϵɫҲÿĶȥģҲǲ޿ܡ
ûвĪ¶ۡҶҲһˣµý֤ݡҸĹǾ͵ҵ֤ݰ¶ӾôǼҲѡ鿴


81 
ǷҸĹֻҶεĻɣû֤ݡҪҲ̫ѵģϾͳôôҡ˳ȥȻ˵Ǹʵһ
ֻӣҪ֬ۡ
֬֬ˮ۴Դңֻңɣ֬ˮҲǴҪ˵ҶγҪ粻֪ꡣصⷽ˻治һ֪
ûҲôԥƬ̣ȥſš
ǿŵ꿪Ųû˽ȥϺȷײǰ¡
ӵĻô
ƽܼҵţҲϵ˲ࡣ
һӻԴĶʱЩ´ϣںϼ֬ӽϵãвϤ֮н׵Ůܷ˽֪ļӵĶңӺδҼ
ûϣһ֪еġװһ˵ģֱ˵Ǳ˽ܹġ
˽ܣҲöΪ㾯ѣΪūҪ£ҡ˴Źһҵš
ʳһӵƹ񣬸ˡ
˵оݣ˼Ƭ̻ǷϽȥˡ
ͷŲƿŷ֪ͷǬǰԺԺռĶأֳƿ֬ģ֬ģ۵ġӹǲŪһСĿͷ
ǽ䷽ģȻ˽ȥôơֻȥɹӵȥƣҪٻ˵ζȴ֬Ҫһ㣬ЧһģһġϴƷȴָãЩۼҵӶ˵أۼҶҿ񣬲ԸǵȺǮһζһСļ۸ͷҶҲȺû
û¶ɫӦšָʮߡ
꿴ֻôЩţֱ˵ԹЧЧǲ˵ôûмٻһ
Ū꣬ʹſڶš
ʵҪ׵ĺܣֻҪ¾Ͳ´߶˼ˡϰ˽еǰһʣȻ⡣
мģʱ˼Ҿ͸ࡣ˭Զ
ϵģҲûжයͻܼҡ

һһˣԹġ
ϼһûźáϵ˵Ҳ˵Ҳ㡣ڴĴ帾ռűˣԸЩ秵Ķȴһסϲ̬Ū㷲ЯţǸ
̬ʮֳϿңֱ˵ܼҪõһǰǰֻǵԼҵز֣ǹð
ԱվŵҲһ֪ӣŪҶζõӡ
ļӷŵùͣĴεŽġܼ´Եխ̬խȻָܼҪ߳ŭָָ̬ʱ޳կѲߣЩӸտ
ҶԭҲȥǺң˾Ųŷе㷳Ȼǰ˴ߡ
ϴͷʱɽѾԺ׼⳵ԺϣҲûƿ˺ѵ˼Ϻ⳵ϽԺ
ڳڵܵγī֭ۼӦù˰ɣܼһô
Ƴһʢĳӣ̾˿ⲻǹ¶㵱Ͳû˵Щ˵ЩܼҲԼ˲¡ǵȥӦ˼һŪǽѡε͵ѣ»򲻿¡
ۼõôСۼʲôܼʲôۼ̫ĪҪΪۼҶûأ
˵ڶô׸λӣôĲҵû˸ȻʱԼҲ֮ڼеǸϲȥҿɽ
ƳһۣڶҲǱǰʵġӲ꣬Ĺ¡ڵķ¶ˣ˭ֲҺá
⻰һ˵ҭסˡ
ﰲá
߳Զһ䣺ܼʲôͷɲˣ
һʹˡҶθǩ鹩پܼҵĵס˶ײźö϶θ˴򽻵
Ҳ㣬ǰٴܼҵӱûûǮûǲռ˷ӵ˼žһ֮󷭲ȻҸҶ˼ͽ¶ҸͲϡͷǵ¶ܼһǰҶΰͰ͵شǰҲ᲻ᡣ
ûɳȥ˻ûǸģҲǹ֮󡣡
ƳһۣʲôҲû˵ȥ̨ǱߵϢɡ
Ҳ˵ǱСģϱһӻصҡҶεӾͽҶ˵ˡҶǰ²Ҳֻǲ²⣬û֤ݵġϽƷŵϣŷϡŨ̶ȲһĴ̱ζð˵ɫͱˡ
Ū֣ҶһЩţӦȲһԴ̱ǵĳ̶Ȳͬ
ϵͷҶùζ̱ǵģʣЧҪһЩζģɬ֣ϴҲĸɾ
Ҷȥһˮֶһ£ȷʵ˵
ϼҶǲ˵ʹŲ֪ЩʲôЩż㿴¶ҪôҲ˵û֤˵͵ۼҵķӣϾ䷽Щһ֤͵ˣǻʰȥ˲ɣ
ʱû걸ר˵ӸܼҵǲȫһġҵԾζţܷܲĶҲ͵
˵ʵҪ˾;ҵΪǲʵʵġɷû漰
Ҷζϸʱ˵С塯ַҲֻڽ̶̻ȸߵԭǹ󲿷ְ±ȥںЩ¡ʱҵһң˵ܼˣ͵ѿĻܼҡ
ǾôôĿۣۼҲľ棬ʰߵλˣۼҲð̬ˣ
Ҷû˵ͷ˼š
̧ͷһ䣺ۼô
ˡһ㶣
滨Ǳأ
Ǳûе滨ǲʱģʱ˲Żʹ˵ŹҪʱһ£ʱ¡³ʱҶβŸ滨һûҲ϶˶٣ʵô˼뵽ʲô£
ÿûܼҵĻ滨ǱҲûʲôӡҶһʣϵ侲ճܼҵĻ滨ҲճҪʵܼҲûܶʧ
ɾˡ
ҶһôԼҲЦˣŶӼŶˣǼҵָĿɲǶгóԶ·ͥİһġ󣬲ۻ㹻ʱ۾ֻڶɾ̫ˡ
û뵽ҶôԶһССӣô
ҶβʾͲµ롣ܴСһö㹻ܴ漣һЩҵһ̼϶ȫɼƷڴС
¶ɲܽ׾ͻȥҲҶδѧģ¶ѵ˶ҪΪܼ˭Ҫһš
ô
ҲʣҶҲʹ㲻塣ӵתһȦյϵĶ߿ٵضһ
üͷչȥš
ԼĪһԺϺȻһ˵
˵ζ̱ǵϴѻɣʵǲֱϴϴϴͷģζص֡ϴøɾʵö˶˵ƤˡЩƤӱ۵ģõĶܻƤסʱճˣЧŪƤӲˮ顣
ִ˵Ⱦͼ˵һʮʮٵģϾӵ˶˵Щͼ˻ȥõģ֪ǷǴǱ˵Щɬ֡
Ǵб۵ģ˳ɻö񻰡ǻöӣƤӻͷƤƤġЩȻô£˵⴫Ծߵȥ˵
ܾ֬סô֣ǰ˶ȥ
һ˶ʱŭϾЩӼ۸࣬˵Ҳǲ˵ġЩԼǮû򵽺ôҪ⳥ģԷȥһɲͳˣԴĵǣӶ˵
Ҳ˵Ըҵ˺ܴĴΪ¶òʹȥվҥҥⶫǲ˵ģԽҥԽ˵ͨ
ҶߵҲȫҥȷʵиݵġֻζ̱ǵͷõ趹һ֡Ϊ˲ܼòͬĳɷӡΪ˳ɱˣ㹻ϴȣõǷҲࡣȶõĶˣƤɬƤصúܻܿ
ûã۵Щ֬ӵⶼˣȻȥҪ˵
ȻǲϵģӵĲѧܼҵܼҵ˴궼û£ôͳ£ָЩ˹Ҳ磡
ҲԸ⳥֬ӵƹҲû취ҼҴҵ˵ģ⸽Ӻö֬ˮӵĻҡΪӵңҪĶͲ˵ˡ˵ôһŪЩгںƹﶼʹˡ
֬ˮûжϺĶȴǲҵġתͷĿܼҵ


82 
ҵſʼӣµЩĵһ
˵ʵڵģԭֻǴŶռһ˼Ͼҵͷ֬ˮۣûΪȥ˭֪ӵһһɧ˵ŴǵϿͻв˵װ׸ܼռ˴ˡ
¶ͷҪ˵ûܼҵֱǲŵģ϶Ǽ˸ĹԴԺͽ˹һӵƿҲܽ
ʮͬЦܼһ˭ܹӵܼҲԳ˵˰ɵԴ˾Ͳ̫Խǰǵ£˼ԽۼõָܼҪ֬ˮۣۼҵҲˡ
סڣӲŪ֪࣡Ӽ꣬ջŻеܵµӣö񻰡
ЦһʹԽĵСհǰ˺ֱȥ̨˴󶼻֮ߣʲôãһݡֻ̫˵ôߣ񲻴ûʱ˶ɱȵվ˽Ÿûӹ
˵ͨķҲûȰܵܵ˼ϵصһ˦Ӿ뿪ˡ
Ҳ˵ΪܼҸ˺üأҶߴĵȥһ濿̦ܿ޻һֲҩ
ֲҩΪԺ滨׼ԷԺȱҩġԴϽ滨ķҩǱϴû滨ˡҶεǲȱõģ϶࣬ԼĪõ·ݡҲѾɹ滨ҩͽ¿ʼ滨ࡣ
뷨סҥ¶˾ͻۼǲѾ鵽ˣҵĺ϶Ӱ졣Ҷθ׼ۼҲʱˡ
ܼҲ˻ðһҲǱ˵ġֻǿǵ򲻴󣬿󡣶Ѿļ֬ˮӲŴ뷨ҸܼҶ˺ҲܼҵĻˣҲֻʳ
ȷʵӲððֺõλѾռˡȻҲͬҶε뷨ģ־ôλûˣܲǿнŲǰɣ
Ҷһ㶣ϡ
ЩҲĥһǵ񶼲űˡߵ̻ѾǵһΣǰǸ趹вšǮۿز壬;˻Դۡһ٣϶飬˽»ܼҵķӡ
һģ϶Ѿɰиߵ̻ˡҼҲȱǸǮԼҳһҲʹá
ʵڲаʩӸŲ
ϳƬ̣ʩӵĳʳ˶ԹˣŲĶѺλóðһʳ
ۼҪӣҲѡڶ򿪡
Ҳ˵һ¶ҪĻǵصĹһط𻤷ƷԸ⻨Ǯ̫ⷽˡû취ŪһͥСΪվȽŸȻҲΪʡǮŸҺЩʱȻҲ̫ޡ
ҪðӣȻȥ̨Ҷ˼Ƭ̵̨Ǳߵķٳ̶ȸȣһһ¡ǼҺαضŶһĶֵأ
ϱҶ˵һ㶣룬ǡ
滨ڶҲûҩʮƿܴӶշŵꡣ˵е˲ʶԵڣùҲӦ֪ЧáⶫĨϳ˶˿кôҲЧ˵ףǵ
ôģкõ³̣ϾԼϱ뷨׽͸ϸһʮֵеÿҶһ֣§Ǯ
Ҷʲô㣬ȥ궬ȥ̨һˣһЩ¡ѩģҶü˽ڳƵϷĵط߹һ飬ԵĺȵĴõС߽ȫŲͬӭŴѩҲӪҵһ㹻˵ذյĹˮƽ
ȹգǱ߳׶ӵиҳȥ̨һˡ
Ҷ˼Ƭ̵ʩǿ϶Ųġǵⶨϰնλáͷһ档ҲҪֻһЩ۱ǡ
˵Ҷ³һӵļ۸Ҫһˡӵļ۸ƷҲһЩԲϲͬӦζҲԶһ㡣ҵδԸܼ׬һǵóȰʵˣʵ黳һ
ģ첻ʲôСʵ黳һǽյžһ졣֨ѽһ˴ͷƿ
˵˻һ٣˲̧ͷȥ
һӰȻűߣ޷һľţڷɢ˼ͷͷһ˿ʱԵԽӽ˿ʱֻԶ۲ɡѵûһַۣ۴䡣
ѻƵ۽޵ʹţϰӰУϴɫīȾƼ㶵ԼƺЩЦ΢΢ǣôˣƼɫ
ҶεߵĻɤ죬˵ʲô
˺ð죬Ȼվ߹ȥץסһֱӣʰôʱˣ
Ҫһˡ
߽һδƺࡣ
ǰӪկǱŻûôݣһԵ˸޳Ʈݡߵ£ȡϵĿձһغꡣŷ±յ۾ˣʲôôɫء
˵ҵ¶ֲ֪Ӻοʼһʱסˡ
ҶҡҡͷҲʲô£ֻܽôʱǳʲôô
ǱжæҶȥƹǱ鶼ָʲô£Ӧò˵öԶӹҪһյġ
̨Ǳˣҵһˡ
̨Ǳߣ̨Ǳʲô£֪衵ӣʲôҪ¶ģǱߵæôػڼдã
δһЩٹҲβˡһ޾͸ˡ
衵Ŀ䵽Ҷεϣˮһ㾲ע
ҶĬĬƿߣűƲƲҹҲҲȥһ̨ģҸٿһӺ滨ࡣط̫СˣӺöҲȥ㽫ӿ̨๫ΪΣ
ǿԣ̨ࡣЩɻ󣬡ΪκȻ㣿
Ҷλû˵̾һʱո֮˵
ʵ¶ѾȥҲ׷ŲšǱϾһסţҵǸʲô·ԸǷк󻼡ǱŽСĵԭģʱµĸ˼Ҷ㡣Ӳᵥ֮䶼ǧ˿ƵĹϵ
᣿ڶǰʱ򶼲ԡȴҸ󣬶߸ʲôˣڲҵҲ֪¿й
衻һ䣬Ҷɫʱˡ
Ҫô鵽ʲôıѹܼͷᶼ᲻У´£ƩָͱŻͼı֮ģǿҪµġ
¡鵭ģзִ磬ġ
ϻ˵ʲôӵһֱҶεϣ֪СδȻлҪ˵½ߵĵʻضȥˣǷ˵˵ȥ÷ûС
һߣ˳ƻš
Ҷεüͷýġͷпܻʲôڲ衡ңҪʲôͼ衺žһ±ӣһ㶣̧ͷ
۽̧΢΢۽ǳһЦҽӴŲÿ
Ҷһҭɤۡ
ҶΣ


83 
ÿÿҲһۿҶؿã衱ƵЦ̧ҶεԴҪȥ
ջһգɲֻΪ˻ؼһҶκϣפߵ顣ǰץ˻δѺȥྩ;УͻǱ߸೯͢ĽѾˡĽʮʧ͢Ӧ˲ͻӻعӦΪֽŽһ½׷
˵ֽŽϵġ󶼻Ȼġ衵Ĵ˷оͼûȷʾʲôȴʮ͵ġ
ʵϣͼͻʵԹѾáͻʶűͥͼ鷳ҪЩͼر߽Ϊͻ֮ʹʧӡͼԭӰ֮ӡͻ֣֮һˡ
ͻ׮ͼ˵ǳһڶͼͻѺྩԱͷ֮ޡ͢ǰҷûܹûҧͻһתͷָ׼ͥ²ܣͼںʧ̬
ͼǲǰ׾ͷ˵ģ˷δ糯͢Էˡ;Ѻ̨ڼݡ͢УΪͼһ¶
͢ΪͼĵΪˣҪտ˵˽ʹ
˭лͼȥ̨ҲΪȥݽӻˡ
ͼôʲô˼Ҳ˵Ҷ˴ԺЩģȥݻ᲻ʲôΣգ¶˶鷳᣿
ΣգһƵҶεǰΣҲ߸Σղô
ҶһҲǡ
ûʲô̸ִΣˡģǻµӣǾͰķҲûڼҴãֻյִҴȥӪءѵûһͷûܵõҶεͣΪź֮ǰҶεǰתһȦ
ƳҶһ˫Ӹתŷ·Яһȥ
һˣʱЩź̾˿ҶεǰЩįʰ⺢Ҳ̫æˣؾͲڼ÷ˡ
򵥵˳ʳҶξȥӵԴӳҺ˾һֱƣⷿɹѾܹ·ݡӳǼԺ󣬱ĶˣôҲ⼸Ӻ滨
Ҷνȥһۣתͷȥһ߿ҩġ
ʵϣҶ̵ʱûֻһֻԤÿռܴΪϲϣߡǰҩҲĥĸˡڴҩԭϣûʼ滨ࡣ
ЩҩƳԼĪҲ£ҲӦþ졣
Ҷ˸ףԸ˺úתͷȥʩӡ
Ϻͷܣ˰ҶҪͣȥׯǱ߽Ų񡣿ʱ磬Ҷ˳ȥׯǱˡ
ʩӵһȾͻãͷУȳˬڿθ
ҶòҶǰ뷨Ҷ˵ʲô˾ʲôˡʱվˣͷճҲ塣Ҷĥűּˣһ±ţһ⡣ӵĶ࣬ˣҲǸոպáĺƽʱӦǹӵġҶνӣǰ̨ͷŲûȥ
һˣ̧ͷһҶξ͸Ͻӭˡ
Ҷ۾ͷĹҹһɨʣ˼ʮûȥһ¡
Ҳע⵽Ҷε˳Ҷε񿴵ҹϵ⡣϶ʱ¶ɫңҲ֪ô£ࡣ
ΪΣҶιţԴʩӿʼţ⣬˶򱾵ʮְԣһЩ·Ҳٴߡ˵նʱȣҲʱʱһЩԹʩյ˻ţЩֵģˣ
ҲաҲûҶεԭ򣬲գҲʲô
ҶεͷȥѰҶá
ҶڸСͷƬƬϴġިСʱùģ᲻ӾŸ衵ĺáҶٿʱת͸Ҷˡ
㣬ôʱҶôͦһ֣ҪҲȷʵܹԡ
ȥǱ߿ˣ˳·һۡҶαһ˶СһסָͷСſſָŻͦģҶ̲סЦȻСǱ˼ҵĿɰ
Ҷһʱ¹ӡ
⵽Ȼû꣬ʣСʮҶοʣôؼҹҲԲ꣬͸Ҷȫгˣؼҵ·ϴ˳·ȥפء
פǰͼפأԴУξְλ㱻ȥ̨ɽߣ衻ضɽկǱ߿šҶδʱפ¡֪ʲôӪЩ
ҶͷƬ̣˻˹Ҷνȥ
Ӫڰ飬Ȼ衣סĲࡣҶνʱǰдʲôʮרעϣϢ롣ѾˣһַͷϵĺľӻڡҶ߹ȥʱžһͣ˱ʡ
̧һЦЦ˲ɢǹ룺˳ʳ
ԡ
۾ЩΣЩʲôóԵģ
⡣ҶμæߵģֻǱŵ棬ղѾͼˡ
衣
ȻûгԵĳʳôҲæòࡣ¾ûפؾôҶһ˼ҡŲԴϻظڳկǱ棬ûټһϣȻ衺Ⱦơ˵Ҷľζĺá
һľζŲȹֺþơʿڵľѵúθڣÿŶҪһ
ƽû²ȾƣҲǳ˲˵ϻԺžͱ˸ˡ
Ҷһ㶣϶һۣĵʱ˭⡣
תͷڼңȥšſվһİˣʮµӡҶβϵã֡һϿ˶ʱϾ¶ϲ֮ɫ˿϶ʱͨһ˵ϣ۾һ˲ˣӣܿˡ
æǰ˲ҶλţæԺŹϰɣ˵
ҶοҲ³ʮ֮˾ܼǰʹӡͷ˳ֽŸϡ˸Ͻݣö˶ŵҪ̧һֹסˡһٷҲûԵ̫ˣһ˴Ҵ˷衾ͽ˽н˶ݡ
ҶÿԣˮݾûٳŲҲߵͦ죬һܼ̫ıܻģҶαݵģһ衸˽ݡ
һȥ衱ס󣬰
˲ֱ̫ҶεظҶһҶº衿ڵλýȢޣҪ֮Ѱң顣
ô˵ɫһ˲ʶ̧ȥҶΡһ˲ʶҶεֿסԼʹҶֵƳһֵۣλǵҸߵ塣ľˡ
಻ֱҶΣҶȴˡʮ£߰˳ߣ䣬һѼ⵶·ʱܽ˴̴ԴҶαջߣûٹע
˺Ƭ̣˵뿪⼸źྩơ
ү໹ĲյĳƺʱЩҰѾԹصΪ˳͢һֵòɿྩѧȺ鼤ܣоһƬʮôΪĻҵǻвɡ
֪ƣϱӼʶĻ¸ࡣҲû̫ķӦྩʲôôҵ⣺ε֪ڴ˴
һ£ĿЩ޵ƳҶΡ
Ҷη·о۹۱ǱǹĵšȲ廰Ҳ˫ʧϡһֱֻģʵҶָȻע⵽ı仯ˣô˵
ǡֻЩ⣬ʵϣү˼ҹлԼġ÷ʮ꣬үԹ˹ҲΪչˣΪ
û˵Ŀ䵽ϣſ˿ڣǹ˹ָԽ򡣡
֪⣿衵ʱ
˵ٺܼҵľڶ㲻ΣֻͬڶҸܼеˡʵϣϢû㹻衵١ݣֻͼĸ֪
⣬⡭ϵɫӲˣƳҶΣмεģ
ܲ˵˹ΣμɣЩ˵˭ŵģҵʱ˵ⷬҲš
衿֧֧ӣû˼ǰ
ƽ񣬺ûƢӡһƺܿ£Ҷͷˡ䵭͸Ƶģѹ˴
౻ͷƤ飬òֻ˵һ䣺¶үʹ˹С
һ䣬ҶƿƳһࡣ
൹ûҶͶ񣬼⼸ྩĴ˵
͢ûƣǰ㷢ĸɺǰ˵˲ˡֿ͢ȥûϾʣ޼ݵһǧȥྩ״ݴʷ̰ۣ˵ŹûձΡɶ׷˰δչǲ漮Ǵ˾ũŲ鷿¶״ܻ¸дš
̸ãʱǡ
ߺҶɿָ֣˵۾ʱͿ
ʱҹɫоһžȻһ˲ָֻƽƹ衵۾û۽޵֮¡۽ڸͦıһɫϸߡ
ĿԣҶüͷүǻܻ¸ģ
š衵ͷֽ̧Ҷ޽ǵͷ𵽶
ŲͷŲܻ¸˰ҶùŹ֣ת˲֪֪治֪ĵĵܶʱŲµ˲һ
ͷȷʵ¶еϵͷҲǱ˺ƵġͷҶθϲ̧֣һֻ֣޳ָڵƻ¿һ㡣ָƯָ׼øɾָһֽҶε
һҶε۾׷֪
Ȼǲġ
סҶδϥϵǣվߵߡҶ㶵رǣ󣬼һֶƻ𣬾ôǣҶξͻ˵Է
Ҷֱգգ۾ع

衽⿪عͷЦһ£ôˣͼˣ
ҶΣ
ǼˣճϦദķ޲һ࣬͸һ˵ɬҶλûϴ극ȥ˶ݡ
æվ๫ȥҪϴ
Ӳ࣬ռС㡣ϴֻԼҶ˵Ѹ衸뽻ܶΡȥկǼգ˱϶йôټͬһԡЩȻίԼſھͰϡ
衽Ʒŵױ̨ϣҶΡһ˶٣ſڣȻȥˮ
˵꣬¾Ϳ˳ȥ
衶ؿһԡͰҶζҺˮʲôҲû˵ֹųȥҶμҲ³һϴ
ϴͦ죬ҹϴȻ˻
ԡ˶ݵǰڿ顣ŵĶҶΰˮˡһˮҪϴҶξڵˣģӵģ¸µԤ㡣ˮξȹٻһӿɬҩζ
Ҷۿղ£
š衵ͷΣ

鼮һº񣬡ԡ
Ҷһºˣ

һסҶεǱͼе֨ѡһֶֻŵƻݡӣžһƻŵϡ֨ѵǱҲȥϿǰҶƳһۣϾ
ҶΣϿ𾭣Ǹ˲š
˵˴Ͽ˺һķ𾭣Ȼ𾭻ûûֹܽˮҹһϿȻܲСʤ»顣
ֺ˵ֶԽԽ죬Ҷνĳ߶ҲԽԽҶξ˹ǸħģǾӣޡûⷽ񫶼ܱҶζ³ôθڣ󻻱˶С
ǲ֪룬֪ҪЦҹﾡľźһæĸ졣ֱһҹδߣ컹δʹҴ뿪
Ҷ˯̫˯ɹͲżѵ۾
ҹѹٵͣҹٻ˵ȻûнҶΡҶʱѾȥҶҲȥ˳ʳӡϺŲȥ˹ȵǱߣżںԺ˽ˮҶϴԺǼߴߴ˵
һȥҶͷȥһۡһһֵһšʯˡҶдеسһԣ졣
Զިɤ㣬ʲô˰
ģ壬￡ȴϳɳصػظãӦϵá
Ҷ棬ʰһʹչȥս˿ŷⶫϵãͦϤġһҶӺϸɫӡôĲǺô
ⶫȻǺҶϲԽȥһժҶӣĸӵıƤ˺һζȷʵǺû뵽кõϵʱ򣬺Ҫ󲻸ߣֻ߲ⶫ¼ˡ
ǻһҶǽҶӻݣӸǰþòƽһԼ侲ͷϻһ顣
ߵüⱾϾûüջضݡҶ˼ΣǱ׼Żضݡߵſʱַһ£ŷһҳҶεͽסˡǻҲˣһļž
⹷ʺġϾƤ£ôһ߶ȵıܻͼ


84 
ҶôҲû뵽ǰʯȻǺӡеӡкûӵģִũҵƳĶǤֲġӣܻӰʲߡһ˵ѡǤֲﶼֲЧǷѿʵͣò˵Ҷεһĺá
һӲɻѿӳƻҶ˼Ƭ̣ͼӶй
￡ǰ棬ŸСͰͲӵŵŵؾʹڵҶεĸǰкһأһ˫ںڵ۾ʱԵرרעͷڴؿҶΣң
ţԡҶӦһСкͷ
С˫ģСˡ
Ҷε˽⣬ҪճɺãջҪǤġЩӼȻѾôïʢȻ˷ĺ
ǣСĵǰҶβָʹȥ֦Ҷ̼ǵϱƵǤֲﶼǾҶøǤ巽ֲСķʪ̶ȿǲͬǤ巽ҳɻʷǳߡ
²ѣοӴȥڲתơժ¶ٳֲҶθϸ˵Ҫ⼸ûһһҶ
ǤмַҶμǲˣϡǵҪбǤҪȥĵףҲһƵȡҶ˵ŻϺŲתͷ˺Ժ߼ŪøƵľ͹æ˳ҲҶ˵֡
ҴڼҺԺô᲻̫ˣ
ϺǲʲôںԺֵĻ̫ռطˡѾգϣЩزˣֳһЩƽճԹ˵İݿֺܲ϶üѡһȥЩֲҲҪصģ̫һкճɡ
Ҷα˵һ㶣عͷϺ
Ϻ˵Ҳûټһȷʵ̫ӵˡҪռ䣬ֲҲһҶɨһȦԣ˼Ƭѡ
ܲǿŲֲɣܼҵѾ̯ܲӣȻûǰеҪֲܲ˵ǣȷʵЩСˡҵıںԺֿһȺ֮ᡣճɲãۼұ㲻طֳ̫ȥֲճɺãʵƷҲʱ˼ǲǸôֲ
˵֣Ҷο˵СժôྥҶҲ˷ѡȵǱôĶأֲļ϶ҲпءĵŲһҲš
ҶЩպãҶεձȥ˹ȵס
ȵ󲿷ֵﶼѾȥвɽϵûҶδҴׯѰˣŲ˲ׯӣȥתơҶνӹñϣׯϵȥ
ͷɹŲһ£˺ڵøص軧ûзֱҶԶ﹡Ͽȥֱ治˭˭·ȥŲйҶιƶҲŲƵش﹡ᴩûǰҶ
ү˵ģѵˣҶΪ˹µأ⻻һ̴
Ųһüͷֹ˵ྩŮӶǴĳȹŲմһ̭ҶβȴҶĵطȥʲôȥ˵·ݵͷɹö˶һɹɺ̿
ҶŷЦʵʵȥ
ľҶҶֱӴġժʱֲȥӰ죬ҶλˮʪĲӸš
ŲھҶǰһҶáͳֲȻֲȥȴѿѡ˵СѾֲĻͳֲʽо仰С忴ԭУҶľҶǤֲʽŲͷһ˵ַʽһֱڲľϣδϵ÷
ͷüͷúܽɵؿҶΣ֪ⶫֲģ
ǴƼġҶգգ۾ӭŲûµġϾ衸϶ĬҶΣŲɣʦ˵ваɣ
УȻеġ
ŲҶΰ㲻ţһջߣ֪ⶫһգ
Ҳ֪Ҷκֱ׵̹ϣǰ׵ķӣҲ޷ⶫ̫ģȵҪǿöࡣֳɹҲǹ˱ĺʳ
ŲͷһӶôʳ°ʳҶεĻеشŲġҲЩĪļ̧ͷ۲Զûпسɫ֣صصͷӦˣɣȻȥɣЩҽ
ôľҶҲһĶصûСһ˹һŪꡣ
Ҷ﹡Ա߿˻ŲŵɱûԱ߿һľҶȥҶλܼѾ硣
ѾǰԺѼ̼Ӷʶ֡ҶǰԺӣЩȥ˼ӣдеҶѾɬĹʵҶú¼˻ûҶЩ֡ѵֲôʱһ˻û̯š
ǲáϻ֮ǰȥӿһۣŽյҲࡣ
ѾˣǰտʼԽԽҶĵܲϵʳͳҵĿζֻֿһӣ
ҶֹţԺͷȻĴĶмŴǰܹƵġ϶һۣȻ⴫ŵԺͷû˵ͷһϤɤϱû˭˱ֲ֪ǰˣ
Ժôһš
Ϻ¾ûе飬ǰȥ˨ϣһһ
һϡŹֵزĶϡطĸδ׳һȦɫҲƺ˲٣˿â¶߸ŵӲθһأ߸ݵģ˿Ҳ˲١
˿Ҷα߹һ񡣰Щɫѣ͵ŷˡ
ĿԺɨһȦûҶûһ¡
ҶһͲµʲôߺýʳӵ⡣಻ڣϲŻءʱҲˣһ
ͷ˽ϵĶжһһϣҩģӡ֮⣬Ȼǽΰų̼Ѻǧӹȥһ·߹üңغʱĸ¡ǱߵӼ۸߾ۣ˵Ҫ۶Ϊ
۸ڰߵףЩ͹ĶǺԼĪϡΪ
ȥɲһһϦ˵꣬˼Ҫ˵
һǳ̼Ҹԭ̻ϵԺӻԴʮֽεġ̼γ˽ܼҵǧӣ̨һǧӡԼһǧԭŪӡЩﻮȷļ۸ȼȻҲֵΡ
θ̼ҹȥ˷ֹϢоǶ˽顣
ЩҶβﶼһӵĽҶεϣ˳ƾͽЩ˵Ҷ˵۸Щ̼̻Ĺ˵⡣Ƚϼ۸ģȻƷʵĻ
γ̼ҴȥôĻ֬ˮ۹Ҳ̸ӡ
ԭŪֵġȻȫ⣬صĸ̲ΪѽܼҵĻ̨ܵǧӣһֱ²ع˱Ԥϵøƴ֣ҲޡĹ۲˳̼Ҵ˴εĸˣһγ̼ͻƻ̨ǼĽ
㣬ܼӲĸЩôۿ˲ͬķֱֱ۵ĸʶҲѵģϻȥ̨ռҵ趹Ҳһһô
ʵϣհһ׮ҶҲн趹ƷĴ㡣ǰƽۿΪӦصгѾȷгͣ۾Ҫ⿴
ؽϣ⿴ֻҪôԼԭҪôؿ·Ҫôϣ¡Ԥʾֲͬˮ׼ĻԴҪ
ҶεĻ˵ǳڣƷƷʾҪеϣҪƷԭߣߵֻܼ·ߡϾԭӼ죬Դáܼҵȥֻܵͼڱͥ£ʵˮƽȱͥ߸һЩάƽۡ
ҶεıǸгˮƽۣԵѡ۷ʽ֮ǰѾڼƻ£ֻܸⷬ϶Ҷε뷨Ȼ
Ÿջ۳ͶٵʵࡣԼؽһЩ£ҶαȥЪϢˡ
ҶøڵʱŹӻġ
˽Ժʱﶼ˵ơҶδϲģȻҶòһЩһȺڵ÷ʱҶûݾûҶαЩôôã׼ȥһϣˣ÷ɡ
Ҷ㶣˵ҪȻϲ˶ʱֿһ䣺һݷŹ
һ仰˵꣬ˡ
¸ĸʲôƵġҶιһ˲ʶԼӷͿ
Сʤ»ôҲôٶۡ
Ҵٵһٷðգϲʰȥϴˢ⡣
ǰ˯ǼӣѾϲµӡҶ÷ӱӵһĿڼءڵϺҲӵͷӡԺûӰãֻʱʰ˸׵ľ˽һޡ
šҶζá
ȥĸСӳɳ˲٣Ǳĥ¹˵Զ˲١
򵥵ذһ£ҶΰϽеȥһˣǧٶǧٶҶθ̼ǩĳĳɣһӣг̼ҳȡĳǮȥʣôǮҶεʱˡ
һȷʵ׬öֲ࣬ô̻ҪҪѶˡǮ̫ˡпǻ׬Ǯﱧ۱衣Ǯģۻһҿ
Ҷ֪ǰ巿һ£ЦЦǳ˳̼̺ŵĺôһ̻ŶȥǱߣָһҪ
̼꣬Ŀɿֶεʲ
ҲǡһҲͷ
ǧٶ֣ϼдǧܼⲻ۵ԺشӡǰϻûдҶΰѴǮóôһŵһϵĺˣһʱգǼҾʹôô
šҶرѪڵ˷ܸУ·ۼҪ
ϱڸпǮ죬ҶһҲͻͻһһûʲôҰĵ˶̲ס˷ˣɫʱɲǣζҪ¡
Ҳ˵ϱ˼ᶨ˾ģҶĥƬ̣һҪȥ̨
ȻҪóףϾûˡѾ죬ʱ뿪Ҳ¡뵽ǰŪ£Ҷ֮ǰ϶ۡȻҶδĳ˸ɾʮûðҰĶðˡ
ʡģ·СġǱѾȶɾҶγҲǰ㵣ˡϿǵˮ񣬻ҪҶζСġ
ҶȻԼһߣǰ֮ǰ͸ˡҶҪߣֻȥźõ͡Ҷλ˵㡣
ݵ⳵֮ϣŵӶ߽š
ױ̨ϷһСӣǵøûóҲû¶ǻڶҶεΡҶȻҲͶұܽĸ°æ
һˣץҶε᲻÷ţһῴŰš
ݳҶεפصһǰկǼվ͸ҶεҶμЩ죬һ֪˾ϣפسֺãոǿһչ١ϲԣðӣ֪һˡҶȻǲģϲź
ϲͷһؼ㣬ôǾ߻Ǻ¡⳵Ľҿ
ҶҲûǿڵĶϾͱۼ¡
⳵ߵ÷ɿ죬Ϊҹﲻ·һ·ûôͣЪмɣҹһޣ̡ʱҹǵ̨
Ҷε̨¶ҶþյϢ⳵ŽǾͿڳſڵšҶβûĶӲǸ⳵һ·ŷ
ϳҴȥ
⳵ûߵջǰͣչٽ⳵סڽֵ;ͦסҶЩ֣Ӳŷֳǰͷվһʵӡһַʮ˾µꡣüĿʷ޳һӢ˵Ŀ
ԳƿҶΣ϶ʱЦݡ첽߹һá
ҶȻ֪һʶӦǱ̨УξҶҴҶɽգգ۾µشǰ֮ˣ磿
ţҡҶɽ۽ǣ㳵ϰɣ
ҶҲԴһҶõԴҶθпСﳤ˰ͤͤ
Ҷβ֪˵ʲôֻЦ
ò˵ҶɽҶ˵Ҳ̫˰ɣҶһôһת˲һٳʲᣬҶȫһƤҡҶԼͲ˵ҶҶöǺࡣû
һ뵽ҶҴ磬ҶεԺԾҶϵģ뵽ҶϣٵͷǰҶɽҶμش˸

̨߰סôҪգҶɽͳžˣҹȥĸۡã
ҶθҪ˵ԱߴһöͲˣȻ١
Ĳܸ죬衲֪ʱҲˡ
ʱǰԶһɫۣľڷؿһƥϡҶ̧ȥĮɫѩ໹ͣһݻֿ󡣶ҶߵĳȿͷһüͷŮӱڴ˵صķˣ
ǷˣĿɨϣ޶ýȢޡ
˺һҭ˵ʲôȴ˦һߵҶεĽǰطóš
ҶεԴڳ⿴ҿˣʲôţ
Ŀԣ۽ЦΪβ
Ҳ˵衱ֳº͵Ƣ˼ȴһ۾ľĬ̬֮·衴˷ж಻Ѱ˵ǳžһ򿪣Ҷθմӳ̽衵־ǳ§סҶε֫˾Ը
Ҷ㶵ؿȻĶȻعѾŵϡ
ҶΣ
衿˫ȻشҶεҸ´ȥס˳ʰΧ̬ҶȦ˻С˱·ɺԵҪѵأѣҶεĿ֮͸ŨŨӺͻɡƺʯĳ衣ΪλŮ׽
ҶθܵߣֵƳȥһۣ˭
ྩľʶ
ʶҶü˼ˣ
š衹佫Ҷεİ΢΢࿪סԱ߿̽ߡѹúܵͣȴع޹ؽҪ֮ˡ
ҶüȴһЦס쵽ǰֵһĪײˣԹ˳ԼȥӦǡ޹ؽҪ
Ҳˣһһһͼһɽ䡣
Ļ˵ÿŶмĿ˵ζҶϲ
ҶνһЦ˵ģ
衳˻Цţ˵ġ


85 
·ѾͷŴءһһɿ
衵ӽ棬ǣ̨סȥ˴̨ͼٻΪȥѺˡѺ֮ǰҪͼһ棬ڴ˱Ϊ¡Ҷοǰ˵Щ£ܲ³һȫò
ͼҪտ˳͢ءϲܶˣ˽ͼȴһס
ͼϣ衳˲ںشͻʣ衸ͷھվ֮ǽ׳ɹʲôֻҪΣ棬ͼ
Щ°ûҶΣֻҪҶʣֱԲ䡣Դϻ˿ϲ̸衱ŵҶΡҶβ֪жأƽ̹ϵ̬аȫк͹СҲסҶεķʽò˵Ч
ȻȥѺͣ˻س;г£ΪҪѺҲѲ˸ϵɣҶüͷͼ˵ĺΪȴŵ㣣ǾĲ
衵Уȷʵܵĵơ˳Уξһְ˵ȷʵͷΪѵԵڡ衼ץؼ˵ȵȽսΣնɱҡ֮СĹͻκһˣǺ
ֻ⣬δ壬һͨҲӵȵλáĽû谭һչˡ
ͼûȴĿŵ衵Ľ̸г롣
Ѻκ˶ȥͼƫƫȥ;УǵӲͷƤ³͢ѡȻѾƵ̨ǰĳŵͲ߱ԡ
һֻ֣Ҷšüͷ
ָȣҶεüĽһ㶡ǸָҶεüͷЦݵģʧְֻһССУξǡ衡Ȼǲ¡һ׮ջǻʧְУξлͻΪɥ࿪սľ档
˲𣿡򲻵ѣȻǲսáһսֻеذա
ֱۻҶȦڻУ°ʹҶεļϡ
ҶͻͻһղԾȴ߼ŵ̾һǣͻӡԴ࿪սˡ˲Ӱ첻ͻͼıҰġκɶܳΪսɡ
ҶյȶƽȥЩء
衸׮µıⲢǽҶθŷǣֻ׼
Ż֣עһҶεľƤоһ£ڡΪ򲻸д󣬵ҲŲΣ֮С
Ҷ׼ңҲû£֪ˡкʱǺʱߣ
ʮ֮ߡһµʱձأҰڼеҡ
ͣһСԺǰ˲ŵԺſڣͼԺͷʯԱˡһȻ䣬һǸ׵ӡ
衷ȥҶεˡ
Ҷ̧һСԺǵͨһСԺ˵СԺӣռҲ̫СԺ˼úܴɣ紵û졣
ԺŽȥվӭ
߹ǸҶһֹؿ衣ƺҪӡ
Ҫȥɡ
ҶηɨһȦԺӣʱסԺ˼һʯʯʣʲôҲûС衽Ҷζϵ鷢𵽶󣬵ͷżƿһ߽ȥҶԺתһȦ̾˿ȻסԺӹȻûа
ԺӵĳûչûС
סգɱʱִû񡣼֮·̲¶¹ӣ벻Լ͵ÿշ
ҶԺ˰ֻһرС¯ӣȵ衼ҩĻСһЩ
ҶΣ
Ȼסջ㡣
һ⳵ҶɽָµԺ档
ҶڳϣҶɽĸ첲ĻлﱧҶεİϲ
ҶγҪðӣ˳̸һ̸趹顣ȻǴ˼ѳѣһЩѵͷ˲ֵǮĶϲһ·ûɿֹ⳵һ´ڽԺӡ
ҶνϲֱƿһӰѶŽȥ
Ҷסڶξģүͽܡֿͷ裬ʵʵڰʦͽܡҲ˵ǵճĴҲСһĴ
عҶǰõϢҪճһסҶξҶȥס㣬æĻ˲㡣ȥҸһסҿԺҲƾɵĺܣöණûСȥһܳգҸʦѧ˺öɫأ
ҶɽҲŽ۾ʶɨһȦû衵ˡҶ˵ȴЦǳ޵ˣ๫⣬׿๫ȥңСӾ˵
~ΪβУҶӽҲ࣬ͷ˲һ
Ҷû˵ֻЦЦ
ҶθҶɽ죬ԭļҲûжҶɽӰӡҶαֵ룬ҶɽҲ⡣Ͼ̫࣬Ҷɽ̫áҶмСʱӰӣէһۿҲϲġһҶοʱҲ쵽㣬ȥʳ
ϲȥʰһҶο˶ھû㣬ȥʹڽԺ֪ĶǱ㻽һ
ݴһӲݴðͷŷĽһ䣺ſҡ
˵꣬ŤͷҶã֪пôȥô
Ҷ찡
ʱոүѧѳڴССĲж˸顣
̨ƶǵСطֻжֵС̨סôˣϱмֵҲУڳǶ߶ռطǳõʱ֮ܿǰֵУ̨רŵĲпڣũׯϹˡ
㣬ʶˡ̨ĲãĲʵݣһ
Ҷ⳵Ͼ̲ס˵̫ûпˡҶιĵ׵ĸˣҸ¶һ֣֪ûѧ
ҶˣҶ̲סҲҿɾ͵ˡ
һȥ̨ĲУʳҶοǿˣסǵطξֻʳĵһûСҶػʱղڱס䷹ڳࡣɾԲ⼸ճȹҶνҪĵ϶һЩ
Ҷɽ͸˾Ϻչپ͸Ҷΰæᶫ
תãҶһ˲ϳ衵ס
ʱѾ̸顣׸ܼ÷
˵̨Ժʳ˺ܶ࣬Ǿ仰ʳı÷ʢζãʳľӪʳĻʳþûгԺö䣬ֻҪҪ飬϶÷ġһף䲻ߣҲߡ
ҶδһʳĻԶƼ۾
Ƴһۣ׵Ҷελ񡣡
Ҷμһɫشˡʮµͣӣһ˫Ŀǿ׳ǽȻ෴׳˶˳ر佫˵ȴЩ秵ġҶ˵̬Ϊ̬Ҳ㹻ǫٷˡ
ҲǾˡ
ʵϣ뻽ҶѾǾӣϵľλ类͢ϳŸĻٷһơ衶̬ȾԵþࡣ
Ҷμ衵̬ȣʱ֪˼Ҳػһ䣺
ķʳҶûȥҶ÷ҪҶ¶һ֡ҶȻȻӦʡҶɽ˵˻Ҳ鷿ϲʰһʲôûСҶϤ˵أǲ˳Żԭ̨òڶǰףòǵûǮġ
һõڣ΢ظǡҶ衳ȥ鷿̸֪ЩʲôҶν˾ϼݳҶûȥҡ
Ҷ뿪ѾʱҶһϴѾ衵Է
⼸մӶһ·۳Ͷٵ̨۵Ĺͷˡʱĵ·ɲˮ̵ƽúܣ˵ӿҲࡣѹ汾͵ܰ˹ͷ顣Ҷȥ͹˲ģûһ˳˯
Ժã׵ɫɴԺӵܡԺͷãлŷĻɫɬ
Ǿľˣ뾰һûнʵǾ衴ֵֵĶӣҲֵܡ֮ӹһ٣ܵʶ˼뿪˾Զӱһһƴĵλ
ʮδعྩǶʱսϿͻʡ˲̽ĹȥȻǾˡһǰ̽˼
ԾȻ˵ǱȻ֧衾һġ
ʵϣڱͥʮ꣬ͼͼұۡΣʮı衶¹֮£¹Ũܵ۽©ȥӳյɫʱδ죬ƻ̫硣
޳ָʯϵ˵㣬ӡ
֨ѽһƿ¹ӶսӡĵƻȾţƻӰӰ´µӳŴ˯ˡ˯໹ôãһֻ߳˱Цһ߹ȥҶεĽŷŽȥѱˮ鷿ϴ
ٴλ˴ϵѾб˹¶ͷĲǽţǳɿ½
͵ڴǰãŵ˴
ϵӱӸȸƿˣڴ󳨣¶污ذСѡСҶרΪ׼ģʵģöЩ͸ͷȻʣ㳨Сʲô״ȻһĿȻ
ҶεǴ˱һڣ衻³һҹ̫˾ͷŹ㡣
˵գ˳˯ȥ
һ磬Ҷξ۾
ʱûˣԺͷݵƿҶɢͷƿţҶͷһؼ裬֮ĽХ˵ʵڻҶе㾪޸ǾȣһֱΪֽС˵׫ģС
µ峿ּһֲ϶һҹɵ¶顣ҶһգգضһʱĽ¶ȥš
ųԵ棬ԺӵĹ¯Ǻܷ㣬ҶŪ̫ӵĳʳ
ϲһɨղСֻܵҶŪҹİֻϲһʱѾŨʵͷҶ棬˼ȥг롣ϳԵĲ࣬԰Ѿ㹻ʣµľȫ衽
ڱ㲻̫أԺӵʯõš
衵ĳ˹ģҶΰ꣬Ѿ˹زǡҶκһ꣬ĬĬĥһȥ￴ӡ۽һƳ衸պ̧֣ӻػҶη衵ƺиͦ졣ǽһۼֿ죬־һץסӵ֣ȵȣʲôź졣
ţ衱ץҲţӣֿ̧ҶΣ죿
ˮĲϣˮĲϡҶεһ죬ˮĲ۾һð档ץ衵󣬷·Ҫֿٳһֻ衵ץöݺһسһ˦Ļɤ
ҶΣ
衺һ㶣ͷȥ
ҶޱذѲַŽȥûҿˡ
衵ͷۣ˹ذҶ۵õǸɫĲϳһ˦չ̧ҶΡĿݵһҶĬĬƿߡգգ۾ü˼Ƭ̣ػȻ
ҶΣ
ֻܵĹҶĬĬؽԴȥ
۵׸˵Ц⣬ѹȥҶΣЩ˵ӿҶΣΪһЯʲô
һʲôҶէһϤɫΪĸǼСѡϾԴⶫ衵ϣ˾û˼ҶڼҲˣûСƼͬɫΪЯ
ⲻǼ̾ɫô衵βƺһȥ
ҶΣ˵ɫɫ
ҶãȻǺǵЦ
ҶΣ
Ī˸ˣֱǲ
ҶҲԼӳ˻ô£ǵ첼ͺ˼룬úɫƵġҶЩ߳ŭһţȥһЩǮͷߣϲȥϴˡ
ȥô衿һϲϲæеĻȥ
ţżȥ
Ҷλû˵꣬ѾԺӣûӰˡ
סԺڶ̨֣ĽֵԶҶγʱ˾Ϻչ͵ˡ˵Ҷҹ˯磬衰ٵˡǺʱģһҲûˡϢصſҲȷʵеˡ
ҶؿڣŰѵߵľȥǺʱȵģ
ʱˡ˾Ͻ⳵ϹҪȥмô
ȥ
ȥӣȻȥ
Ҷǰһд̨ĽֵǶߡۼ̨Ӻͺų̂ȨƵ˶ڶͷǳʳҪֱϱҪһϡҶҪƳ滨ȺǸߣȻҪڷĵط
̨ߵгȶ࣬⻹ӣ¶ز١ҶεһȻȥҿ׵УѰһµ˴
̨кüң̻Уйٸ롣һȻǵģͷ̨صƽֵۣ̼ͨĻӡͷҲ࣬ɻ˵ҪԴࡣһã̻ҪһЩ۸һ롣
ҶμȻҪðӣȻҲͲƽһǮ˸˵ǳϵˣҶ˵һӵľҪ˷һı
ã˼Ҷһ˹ȥ
̨ߵӶεĺܣ˵ҲˡصĴټҾ죬̼Ҿ죬ڶ߶īֽ鼮ŶֻεȵȡһԭǱĺöûȥ־ڶˡߵʵǲһƸ¾ûˡ
ǸʮҵӣƵһһ䡣Ҷν̵ֵ̨ؽһֵҪȺǱʵҲǱƫĻһЩĶıǳʳеϣһЩ֬ˮۺͲׯӡǱҪиŮӶ࣬ЩĶࡣ
ߣΪִ֮Ӳ˽ӻ˵ͣϽٴ֮ߵԲһЩ޵ıˣҲвӡ
Ҷһţȥ֡ӣ˵ʵܺáһλ̫ƫˣûڵ̵һȥҲšһȻλò۸̫ˣĿռ̫Сֻʮƽ׵ӣҪʮһ¡
ЩԥĥŲȻǻֿմ׼⳵Ӿ͸һݻ·ˡ˶ڽֵϣã˲á
ҶθҪԸ˾ϰ⳵ϵǽǣȹȥͼҶߵĳƿһǡͷһ»ױ޵Ů
ŮĿ⴩Ⱥֱֱ䵽Ҷεϣһ˲
ҶθܵĿ˲ŤͷŮӡŮҶһֲҲɫɫӴݲȵԼӲٵࡣҶΣˢһ˳ӡȻƬ̣ǳһӰ
ӰߵҶεĽǰһŮĴ硣΢΢°ͣλҼҹ롣
ҶԼֵĸо־ò̫ܡϾྩ̨жԶʱͨж಻ᣬһҹŮ̫ӼܵġҶգգ۾û˵Ļֻߵŵ˵һ䣬⳵
߰ɣȥֿɣֿ̫ܲ㡣
Ŀ䵽ǴʮŮϣתͷٵӦһ
˾ϣչ٣߰ɡ
˵꣬չһ˦סϳӱ֨ѽ֨ѽصת뿪
Ҷε⳵ԶŮųصϡ
Ϲ˫ѾѪ죬ߵƵĻһֵָֻð૵ֹ԰Եġʰûӣʰ粻κ˶ģôӣôᣬôᡭ


86 
Щ룬̨ڻǺܴġ⳵ߣ͸Ҷ⳵ĺ档Ҷȥ͸ģҶ߳ͣҲͣȣλεͼûڡ
ϲ˳ӼλͷȥüͷңǺ⣿
عǣ¶͵ûƼ
ҶαЩķҪæûĸһСŸ˿ӣȷһλÿжεӡСʣλҲǼ۸Щߣͣգһȥ˼ո𸴡
Ѱ˼ҿҪģһػȽϣûôġϰͷǷһȥ˼գҪȥѰС˱ǡ
ҶεͷӸǰ˻׼ȥ·ǸŮֵҶεǰ
ʱŮҶβݳĳҲ³ҶεǰҶλûǰ͵ˡչٸ˾ǰһվǵϢͽŮ˰סҲգȻ˾Ϻչٵ㣬ĬĬغһ
ڳûĹʱסƬ̣һŮĸ첲
һɫֱգϴɴһ˫۾¶档ڷɶ٣üĻһλ䡣Ůĸ첲ҡߵҶεĸǰҶҪ߳һ㡣ֻһ˫۾Ҳܿ̽ɴֵò
ǹ˼ŮվԺ󻺻ڣһҹŮеĲ죬ʰңʰ÷δޡ
ҶΣ汻ˡ
˾վţҲǹˡȻſڻû⡣
Խ磬ͷԽɹȵͷŴأһ˾ӿһ˵㲻ˣصҶſڡ˰죬ҶֻǾؿһ㿪˼ûСüͷɫԵûôˡ
ŮܵӵĲãʱſںǳ¸ûۼҹ˵
Ҷһüͷû˵ϲЦһ⻰˵úЦҹ˭ƾʲôҹʻҼҷ˾Ҫأ»˼˵ʵҿǲûûأ
ϲƽﻰ٣ܼʱ˸ɻǳԷܸһֺĸоҶԭΪͷƤû뵽ϲ˵ͦԡһ仰͸ŮúŮһָϲıӡ㡯˸죬һɫ΢䣬ر졣
ʱԼĪǿҶβֱŻһ¾˵ˡ죬ǰһ񣬵λ㣬Ҵй޶⡣ֻ֪ʰڴ˵ؿɺá
Ҷζãƫͷֱ׵̾һ
˵ʵڵģҶβǺóһ͵ŮӴ򽻵ԭĸҶϣк˵һػ滨ŮӣǼ˾ߡִţҶζѾֳԵų⣬ҪӲͷƤײ
ͦõġҶο˿ڣǴŴֲ£ǹ˵ɫҲ˱ᡣҶ䵭ؿɤ綣Ȫˮڸˣ֪Ժ߰ɡ
Ҷδ˸棬һɨɴҲǲԾҶμҲûдûļĥƿͱͷ⳵ȥ
˰죬ǰҪסҶΣ㣬Ǻ⣿
ϲۼֿһҶε˾Ѿ⳵վڳŤͷȻһ˫۾΢΢ˡһ˫۾ָؿҶΣ㣬֪Ƿȥ㸮һռƣϥ̸֪㷽񣿡
㡣ҶԴ⣬㲻졣һҲҵҼнãǱͥ¹û˹ƽá
㣡˼ѾһָҶΡ
ϲ߹žһƴˡ·˳ԽŹϡ
˾ϺչٿҲûվڵſˣһ˦޾ͽ⳵ϵ÷ɿ졣ҶüͷԽԽԶļӰԼЩʡָоһˮϷȻһֻӬȻûֻҪӬڷɾѾвʡ
Ҷδӷɫ㲻ÿϲɫĬĬˡ
СŪҶЩЦá衳ɻ֮ǰˣ˵ʶ̫ã衵Ƣ˽⡣Ǹǹĸ߰мڴ˵ѡȻ̬ȣûбҪپŲš
ùǣҶβǾŹȥŵԸҪȥռһˡ
ȻһˣɴҪܵ鶼ꡣȥǱ˵˿ţҶϰˣ뿪̫ʱܻв
˾Ͻ⳵˸ͷֵֶжϵ˸ϱߵĳǽʻȥ
ͷŵ⳵ͷæҲŵͷչٻͷһ۲ԶŵҶ˵ˡҶοųĿ񣺡ùҪ͸Űɡ
һӺ⳵ռǰͣ¡˾ȥţƬ̺һ˹š˾ϻ֪˭˵Ƕܼ˺æؽӡͷŵĹ˼˿Ҷһ˽ԺӣںͬͣŮüͷãطŲ̫סʹ˳ǰȥʻ
ʳһ󣬹ɫ
ǹôǿҶΣ泯컹ʰԼݵýƲۣǹүۼҹ
ԱһŮһۣӣȥ幫Ƕٰɣүµԩδϴ壬ϳһʱڴ˵үʱǣʵûҪһʱ˵Ҳ֪үĽȥָϲȥ幫˵幫һȻү˽ⲻүһʰ׵ȥǸã
⻰ȥˡ̧һѾϵţԥƬ̣ͷˣ߰ɡ
뿪ҶβǺ⡣ռңȥסҶԤ߶˵Ʒ࣬涩һ
ȻڴӦõĻ׬ͷŵĺôܻƾܡ
նң趹ֻ⼸ô
ҶûһǶ롣ÿطϡΪԽȱٵģŻԽ߹ζӣ˵紫ͳϸ㡣ȻѾ׬ͷ׼ҶҲ鷳׼㻨ûдߴͳѬĸߵ趹
ҶϰҪĻҲרŶơ
õеģŪñȽ⡣ҶҪζܸ䷽Ӧ滻ֻƣλܻб䶯ԭǱϼ۸иеͣƳ㣬̴㣬㣬ȵȣ۸Ҫһ
ҶȻ֪Щϵļ۸ʮְ⣺Ȼնֻơ
Ҷ仰ûвӦġҶϸÿ趹Ľȷ˵һµɹǩں㽫°ˡ
鴦꣬Ҷξ׼ȥ
ռҶȥ̨Ĵ¥ţҶЦˣ¶㲻ͷˡл˵ţżȥҵ»ЧԼ
˶ˬˣȻҶλô˵ױûˡ
ҶλصСԺʱѾʱʱѶͷ˾ȥʳﶨһ˴Ҷ˵ݵͷ˯˲Ժ³ȥ
һ˯ڣоձ˴˴ҶβŻһ۾
ѾƵˣһˮʪͷڴرϴƻӳյ˫Ŀɢں󱳵ڷһµˮˮεҶεһһˡ
ҵˣҪҰģ
ҶĨϵˮؿֲͷ治˵ƫͷʹ
ô˵̲סЦǼҲ
ҶΣ
ץϵĲӸǵԴϣҶޱظͷ衲Ҷΰ飬˵ҪŪҪֺƹҲܰš
ɫĲӹʪˮ첼ӸҶοǿ黹һ˲ǹ⻹⣬Լõ˺ɫҶĸо˵ĻǻлӦ˵ʱжġ
ʱһ䣬۸е󣬻ûҶеƹͻƵѡʱûСܲˣʡ鷳ȥҡˣһֵˡ
ţҶѵÿڣȻǻˡҶһ䣬ֵˣ
š
Ҷǽֱ˵ˡͼӴףֱ˵ǡ˵꣬бƳ衣ЦУǧѰ๫иô
ˣ衵üͷ
Ҷգգ۾
û˵۽޵ʹס˰ûа־ϲ֮⡣
ҶԤ衿ܻеı֣ҲҲնϾ÷йԼû뵽ҹɫ
ûʲôʳָ˲촽ЩŹ֡
ҶεĿھһ١գգ۾Ҷεǽת˹ֺ֣ȻԼĳٶۡ
˵ϢͨĹ˼Ȩ֮ˣֻһĹŮε֪ͥЩǳġָȥ£Ҷǰ;֣ĳЩ΢ڣעƫˡ
˶һۣ֪ҶҲѾס
ʵԤ뵽ࡣָܹһ£泯͢˵һҲʮֲϳʵϣ˼ҲǱֳϲ£ǸɢĹӸʵϹ˼Ҽʮֿй˵Ѱ׽ĿΪΣ̲סɡ
⣬ȷֳԸ㾡ȫµ̬ȣ˼ǰƲϵǰһ㣬ֻâڱ
ԭʮպȥһǰˡ衳Ƭ̣ұҪ̡
Ҷһ㶣ʶסڴϵ󣺡Ϊλǰߣ
Ѻ˵ĶڼϮˡ˲ѣ˵űץҲ˲١ˣͻʾнڷˡֻܾ콫˽ӻҹζࡣԼؽ齻ҺһҪ̣鲻áֻһʼв̨գҪ֮£˾չضΣ
ڶȻǲᵣҶεİΣϾʲضƿ֮£̨Ͳһ̨ӣһ뿪ʼշŲҶΡ
վߣôôһһģ
Ѻ͹ٱһϮ˲أֻųڡǰ˾Ǿûôץ̾һ߹ȥӦȻԽԽá
Ҷβõһ٣ͷ˼Ƭ̣вҲ
ʵ̨Ϊ¡һȻðӣһȻ趹ðӲֻѡƹơҶڿ֮ǰǴһͷгġ滨໹֮У׮²һʱţӶѡˣһŪ㣬վߵĻǲҪЩʲô׼
㲻صġҶô˵ľͶˡ
ϱӵ衴֪ǣҶǵζֶŮҲԼ¡ⱲӶ˸ҶΣçײʲô»߱ԼҶβѰŮӣҲʮֻ֮ˣ᲻ݹ˼
˵ŻҶν衵ͷҲøɡȥҶ˳Ҳ˴
˯ˣʵûϴҶϲϴܾԾ衼ͲµҪϴסţȥˮ
СԺӵиģҺ䣬滹һϴҡͷڷһԡͰ̨⼸ҲҹҹϴġԡͰԡͰרŸҶ׼ġõĲҲڷŵ룬õģҵĽͽ͡
ȻҪŪҶεȻܾ
ɴشĥӵ顣żͲض࿴ҡ֮滨Ҫôôӳ顣衽ѾˮŪˡ
˻ص﻽һҶΣҶξüͷϴҡ¶أûע衽ȥϴԼûߣö֮ȡҶξϴҵ̫һѳڴߵǰʱһ㶣๫Ҫϴ
šһִһֶһ벻֪ʲôĶںȣ̧ôˣ
һɿɬҩζ˵ĳϤ
Լβ׵ǶʼҶ˽ȵʱͲģƩõ׼
衣ⲻǰһȺ
ҶΣ
ҶƳһе飬üһάĦڵ
뵽ǱϾŰŰɣųһҵ˵ĸǰȥžһ̯Ҷμߵ衸ǰӸµؿҩȵֻʣһҶһץе飺ҿڿʲô𾭡
ҳһȻһ顣Ҷεͷһ̫躡
ҶΣ
ôˣ衿ȻһڳͰ;Լйģ۵ףָϸϸЦ⣬ҵôô
ҶΣö˶˵Ŀ̫躡ƤŪʲô𾭰
𣿡Цһ˹ģϰˣױ£Ĳˡ
ҶҪǹİɣò֪Ǳ鱻һɣǹİɣǹİɣ
衼糺죬۵׵Цֱȫƺ
ûҶĬĬؽ黹ץַŵǷҲô塣
衶ϻǸ˷粻ľģǵЦȴа˹ؽǱذڷŵϣԴҶΣҲ壬ʱöˡ
Ҷۿô˵һң
̲סһЦҡ
ɷϣҶεһ衣˵˲δΣڱĻᷳȻعѾվͷǰ鷢Ķͷǰӡһ¡ϵЦǳǳģ˵ҲЩΣܵŬһ£мжЩҵӰӡ
һ䣬Ҷεһ¾ͺ
衱ɫܹ˼ȻѰǸʲô˼ܹ鲻һ׮¡ǹ˼Ѱȴ㣬мǲҪ
֣صĽҶȥʡġ
ͷҶбۿˣҪϴ㲻ȥô
ȥ衽һ֭ȥϵ㡣

ȻһСʤ»飬ڵ˻Ը֡
˿Ĺһ齾ͻ̰ûô̰ˣȻҶҲһˣҲñǲҲ㡣Ҷÿضôһҹ
ݵذţҹｫŴˡܳȥҹŻһȦҲڡצӲͣץͽ໽Сæ֮е衺ǳһֲֹͣлߺű˯ˡ
һ磬ϲһߺؾԣǲߡ¯˼ˮûԿš
ɹͣҶδʱܳšԭ˵պٶӣҶԤȥǮõǼ̫ˣҶ˼һ¾
ִٵһЩʳҶ׼žͱ鷿衽סһȥ
Ҷοˬݰ׵ͱÿǵ£һ˶̲Լĸо
ղæҶﰵ
վҪߣȻڼ׼衻һѸ˾⳵
ֱȥ룬һǸˡ
ֻߵ̨Աߣӣóһöӡŵ档ŵ±üͷ֪ӡͱɫ·е̺˱Թź˷裬ѯ˴йν¡
˵ӣѾ˿õ档µһȥˣܿͽǸ˽й˹Ƭ̣רŸѹͼۡ
ҶƳһǸӡҲûн˵ʲôгǶپ͸١ʹذͼ۸Ǯڲһʱھõȥñ˰
ͼۣǼ䲻һʮƽҲֵٶ۸𶫽˵Ѿ˺ܶࡣֵҪǲʨӴ󿪿ڡ
ǰˡҶνֹһ䣬һͰܾ꣬е㲻̤ʵ๫˵ǲǾ̫ʣӦöң
ֻҪλòУЦ˵Ǯڲá
ҶΣðɡ
ֹ׼ȥſڽһˡ
Ϊ׵һۿȺ衣й˺ðΣͻȻ˦˲ĸ첲嵽˵ĸǰͷײҶϣʶֵҶεǰתѻƵ۽޵ʹסüͷ
Ŀԣ۾Ѹˮ
ⴽЩ޴ЩίҿӡĬĬſǵػһʰ硣
衿۽޵ʹɵЦݽֻףͻȻ嵽Լǰ˼ûбֳϲҲûбֳֻƽ޲Ӧһš
һ˸ҪߵĻȫҭɤܺȻ
ҶΣ


87 
һ˲ЩͣҪģԳĻôҭɤۡ
Ƿŭ߾ϲǶа취ӦԡϾ֮ǰҪӦԵĳ棬ȴû뵽衶ǵĳֱֵú޷Ӧй˼˺Σʱ͸о˼֡衶ԹҲû˼Ҫͻ衵ķ½Щѡ
иʹָԲߡ
ȻжԲߣ
ֻɵض衣ûע⵽ʹɫûУĿƣ䵽Ҷһ˲˷·һ㡣⣬˪Ϊλ׽̬һ帾
˵ǰȷʵ޵ĿҲ˵ԼҶθ˽Ǿ˿ɲһƤ࣬帾Ǵ帾
ҶαҲûջֻһüͷӡ
ܿͷȥǱ˱񣬺Ҫ޳
衰㶯ݵɫҲûУмֲ͡й˼˵׽ԵʮΡȷʵûˣͷҶ˵һ䣺߰ɼ
Ҷɨһ۹
ĿӣһοҶεݡټޣüĿ򶨶ݡһѣȴûаη
һҶȴջĿ⣬衻ߡ
̬ʱйҲ˲ס̬ʵϣѾִ̨ʮ죬˵衴򽻵գһܾˡ
оǣǰסʰ˵ϻؼŵûܺʵʧˡȥ¥ΣҲδԴ㸮ϳԺһֱ㡣ǧϹҲһɡ
ǰͷ衽Щˡ
Ƴ˹һۣЦ˲һ
ǰ֮衣ྩǰӡ˲ð亹ع
ʵϣһ£˼Ҿæؽʹס˵Ʋϵδ˲ݡ˼ЩǽͷΪ˵»ߣɷЩ侮ʯľٶǼΪʱʱ˵δԵ̫ƮƮ
ŲԭأЩ̫ΣǲɣҲǾʶʰɷһ˵Թ˼ЩᡣЩ⿪ǽʹ߿졣
˵꣬Լ˵ĻûзһֻĹʹɫ
ʰ硭㶵վ˺һյֳ䵭̬ϱ಻õ¡
ɿƵػԼݵһŮףʮҺլϱܴ󵨵㣬̰ͼҧظʰͥͬʹࡣǲһж᲻һʰ֮Ͳᱻ½£װױ˶չˣ
Ϊһ֮һʰͬİ·
ϱӳԺһֱںڡÿʱÿ̶ڱȽϣÿʱÿ̶ںڡ·ò衡鲻衡Ż衡Ϊ˵ɶ衡ԽǱȽϣԽ޷ܡڱһ»صʮ꣬ΪһпصδʱҲڱͥһлȣ֮ǰǱġ
ʵʵ˻һ²Ըš
µսȭͷָȥֻ̫۰ң׽̴󣬼ֿܰࡣҲע⣬ȥ˵Щʰ磬Сʰɻģλ׮£ģ﷢Ժѱ׷ˡ
һ䣬һƬš
ҶλǹԱ͵һеƶЩɵۡԶԵؿ˵һĹƺǼٴ
ūҶԭ뿪ڣͷһôĻѻЩ̲סһִ˶֪⽨͵ءҴĹؾ͸Ͻ̡һʹ̫ںܳӲעȥӵĻµģ˵ֻʱһô
һ䣬ܱͽӲոѿԱ߹ˡ
һ˫۾ɹʲô죡ڸʰ˵

Ҷλûڣһ衼Ҷ̬ȶʱüͷᣬܺ˼ҵĹ
˲ǳɫܶʱһļžԱ߹˼һ鸴ӡ̬ȶԹȻҲ޹⡣
ЦˣӲվһԡ
ã˱۾һʵϣ֮ǰԤУͥľٶܻջ񡣱ϾΪֽӴٵͬˣ̫˽衵ΪˡĶŵľɲǼ˳ǸҲ㹻ݡ
ʱ˼ҳţģǵùʮ˵¡ȰҲȰˣȰ˵ΪҲֻһˡ
ˡճǽǿбǰӡǲƣʱʱĥֻ衵ķ񡣹Ψһû뵽ǹȻã衶û⡣
±˾ȻʰҪæǸҲӦ
ֳΪô˵ߣŤͷίͰ͵ؿ衡
Ҷξ뿪롣
棬˾⳵ĳϿų˳ת˳šҶȥҶϳƿƳһﻹ۰ͰߵĹ˼ˡ˫۾Թ
Ҷɫһ˳ӡ
žһŹϣϳ˳šһûϳϲվչ
ϲԼ·ȥ˳ȥпˡ
չٿãͷһƨĳϣ˾Ҳһߡ
һ˦⳵ʻ
ڣѵõİ衵ͷ֪˼ʲôָϥʶص㶯üͷýġҶƳۣҲ˼
˼˵ıȷʵ֣ŻԣɵҲܲ³ǰ£˼ҶȻһЩ侮ʯ֮µġȻ衵ӣ̫Ӷװ˼ǰһ̬ΪΣĪǿʲôֻ߹˼ǷʲôྩĻʵˣ
˼ҵı־ͺƿ衻һ㡭ҶεĿ͵һѵһ֪˽֣
Ȼأ˼ѾһŮ»ʢ裬˽ﲻ˼ҡ˵೯͢һġڹķϣ˼ҸҪҪһһеֺá
дԽô̫
ҶβòɹΪԭһյС˵֮¶Χżؼ׼ȷ˵ǸŮĪĹϵ
ڹ˼һԽûͷһηǳѪľ¡
ⱾҶѾЩǲˣֻʣҪ͹ϵЩ䡣˵ŮŮǰ˼ճġɺϣ˷ׯ³գʱֻׯϵׯӵϸ˺ӡ
֮ڱϻع˼֮ǰһֱܼҵׯϴŵġ
ּ˶ã䲻ʱȷʵʱ˲ٵĿݵĹܼ˰ձ㱻˼˴ྩ
ׯ᲻ŮԹҲȥ˹˼ҡ
һֱ֪Ҳˣƫʮʱ͵ׯƵĻԼݡķһʱŽӽܼĸϾųƵݾܼˡ
ܼ˷죬ȥྩ˼ң׮²űơ
ȻҲ˵һعλеԹ߶۹տŮӣԹֱŮԸ⽫ͻԭλʮų¡գ˼˫̥彫Ůϥ¡
£ȻйԹޡ
Ůͬлϥ⼸꣬ʱ¾ֹˣʱͻƫĴˡڹ´ĵ׺˹˼ˣ֮Եɺϵص»ʵĳ谮ö裬˼Ҳûܳû̵һǰô
Ҷβ²Լǹ˼衵Ե֮һЩԵɲȫҵ衣Ȼб̡̣϶ܶ϶𸴡
ʲôڶϤԺ˵˼ظ¶עȻȻ£
Ҷߵĳӱڹҹϣ͸սյҶϵƤ׵͸⡣Ҷ˼˿ûע⵽һĿ⾲䵽ϡ
⳵λƵشֵߵķӰ͸ս⳵ʻϻ䵽Ҷαչյë׵գӿľƽϢϱӵļ̫ң衳ǱҪʵڲԸ롣Щ۵ķҪңҲܹĺݡ
衵ʹ·͸ƽ֮ɭɱ⡣
ʵɱ֮ˣϱɱ̫ˣѪֻ޷ϴŨѪζ衰Ҳɴ˶
޳ָϥϣ㶯Խƽе׹⣬Ŀ䵽ҶĴϡ

Ҷ˼񣬴ػͷѾǰ
˲ɴ۾ȴ°ͱסȵ촽
ƽҲҶΣʱҹշתࡣҲֻƵһĶͷ򾱲ˡ˿Ĵݣ⹴ס˱аԵȡͷһء
Ҷβ֪ͱϥϣ泯§˻С⳵оʵڲڣȻڳ㣬
˲֪ãõҶζ̱У衲ſƵɿ
ţ

š

ҶΣԵôˣ
˵ʵڻҶηʵе㷳ġ˱ºܻȴǸ۲۵ıߡǸ֮ϳ˵ˣʼ鷳᳷Ŀռ˳ɡϾһŮӶ׶Ҷ˵̫޴ˡ䵽ֿɱľأҲԼֵֻŮӶӵĻġ
ô࣬ûҪ
衵Ҷεļϣ˫§ҶεͷںڵķʵԼоȻ˼ҵĳִԭĹ滮ƻ֮ıЩꡣ
֪ںҶûס˳˳Թӡһַ˳˻ë
衱˳еЦҲûܾ
ã衺Ȼ̧ͷú𣿡
ţô䲻ðһ仰Ҷε˼ûϡ
Ǹ˹
ҶΣ
Ŀԣ۵׸Ц⡣Ҷøˣ
š衺ܻĸˣҡ
ҶΣأ
΢ԴעҶΣ˵һ䣺Ҫ׷ңӦҵġ
ҶΣʲô͸𣿻ж
Ƣʵûôãᣬ۾ȴֱֱؿҶε۾ûôӣҲûĿԺҪúöҡ
Ҷûô˵Цҭؿֻһ䣺˭˭㲻ҪûŹ޻ˡ
ţǵġҲϣǸСӡ
ҶΣ
ˣ֪ˣҶס۾ʵڲ뿴ЦùĻûã˾ֱĴӡ
⳵֨ѽ֨ѽصԺǰչٸ˾վͷһ䡮ˡҲûٳͷšҶεѱЩ壬˰Ÿ롣˳ݣһûȥ
úЯһҩζݣڴҶκһ
治ɫعţ׼ߵҶץסǣֱӽҡ磬˾ûٴҶҲҽУƵᶼð޲ҧ衡
ֵڣҶʵǶò붯ˣ衲Ź
ҪߣҶγر§ڻУ޽ǵͷʪ͸۾·ˮĳ档衷ժˣͷڷɢ·ɫĳƵĲҶεϡ϶ʪˣҶαڻС
衲˵£ضԺ밢飬Щõܼҡ
ţǻ﷢߽ҶƳ
Էһ
Ҷ뵽¶ȻҲ뵽ˣ˽ֻܱҶ˽øࡣʵϣϱӹ˼ǽȫѪڹϵġϾʢ裬֮Ϊ»ʵһӡ϶Ҳ˼ҳһλʺ󣬵һعɡԸΥ˹˼ҵĶ֧ȴûим˼ң־ͽ˼Լʯˡ
˵¶һԱ֮
˼Ƭ̣˼ҵһЩ˵Ҷ
ʵ˵Ҷ֪Ĳֻ࣬ǸΪԼࡣйڹ¹֮ĹϸҲϾҴ˵Ůһ²Ƿ֮¡֮仹ʥϽյĻ£ȻǶš
ҶԹ˽⣬Ϊưոݡиɱ⣬ҰһЩȥ֮ҪڵڼС
Ҷ˵ô֣أЦѲɹɱҲɣ
һ˵꣬衴һ£û˵
ҶζʱЦô
ҴȨûϲѪġ衲Ҷ϶һ֣ϾҲ˵ԷһǱҪġ
Ҷԭûһ룬衵Ļ󲻵òء
ϾǶ룬ŪװҲ̫ѡôһ˵ҶβԭԭҤﲻһ걻οʹ£ǷҲ˵ֱʣ
Щ²ϸ룬ϸ˼֡ЩǮóˣʱЩֿһԺˡ
˾ţãҶβЦһģô󣬿ɲô׾ġһ磬ӶˣŰɡ
ô˵ŵĿǷҶġ
ϲģȷʵǲóԡҶҲų˵ӡҹ衱ִٳȥˡٻѾǰҹҶ˯ԺӲǰ˸Ūˡϵѻ衸ġҶһ۾ͿԺվĸڸкܵ͵Ůӡ
ҶһĸŮӱڵأӡ
ҶΣ
רѵ澣ջ㲻źĸס
Ҷû뵽Чôߣ˵ҵˡ衺ƿ뷨ޣֻһֱûпȥС̨㽫͹
ҶĿ䵽ĸŮϣие͡߸ӵһߣıҶλһСڡ֪ǷҶεĴܾ⼸ǲվҹɫ֮ҹɫΪһ塣ǲ֪֮ҶרѵϰߣǰվŵĸȥȥྩҪġ
ĸ˼ҶΣһӣǾһʧԺ
ҶδΪ𾪣ֲ֪ϦǺľ档Ҳ˵̫࣬һʱҪȥݽˣҶЩҪ⼸һз紵ݶơһԼаΣΪء
ҶЩûСƬִ̣ٵľҪ뿪
ҶαԺУѾ뿪ˡٱҲûлȥߡϲʰңҹɫĸӰƵĻһҲ̻ض
Ҳ˵˼ҵǶСԺʱȥ¥ա˵ʱҶѾص˶ϡ
Ҷλղɣѵõ졣ʪյصܼҵԺӣϳɡæسšҶλûüˣҶοڣǰȥס


88 
һ£ΪκȻҪҡСԺ˵ªЩס˱סŲʡϰֱݣҶһǲȥǵլԺġǳ˺£ȼҶδ⳵ͬʱĸİ׶ʱͻȻ
вסˡ
̫Ȳż˵Ͻɡһ쵽Ҷεͷϣ첽ߣȥʱղǳ˺ôҴȥҴһصģ˻
ͷ˶شɡҴҸ
⳵һԾ£ţֱӳ嵽ҶζݵĴǱߣһԾ롣̫ϤˣҶҲ̫ȥ
Ͻݣި͵ŵŵܳסҶεȣˣ
ţ˻ˡϲͷһﱧŴҶνϲݸͳȥ̨Сݸȥɡ
ިӹСֽ˵˼£æܻݡ
ĸ澽ݣ˾ϺչٰŽ⳵ϽԺӰúþͻӪءҶαţ˼ŻȥϷ彻ûжҶֻգһߣҶξͽ˵ˣĸ๫޵澣๫˵ո߳Ǽס¡
澰ˡ
꾰Ҳ澣źԺŮڶ࣬Ϊ˻סŮ澡ǰЩʱʱжӲļźҲֻҶλãҲһվܰɵģܵúغϼƺϼš
ҶҲûҪǸͰߣý˵дҶ׼
Ҷø»״򲻶ȥ⣬ѾʼӵѺͻͻ˳šɽһ񣬻һĸ뿪ȥݡһȥٵһ»زŲͷҲһϺȥׯˡоϸިҶȥԺ󣬼еķġҲںæ
Ҳûʲô£⻹ճ㣬ͨǸòŻӵһ⡣
ҶεͷȰĸȥǵݼһȰסٺúð١
ϸҶλݣҶǽ̨Ϲ˼˵һ¡˵ҵ̨֪ܵͼ㽫ǰ˻֮¸ŪȥжʱЩð𣺡ʰô˵
ȻǾù˼μɡҶЩ¶˵̫ףҲ
ܼ״ȻԽԽãԽעĿԽȫྩǱ˵֪Եɷ˾һ·Ϊ֪ԵϲһֱĵġΪΪ⣬ʣһ磬ɲ
˼£ⲻջ𣺡겻ɢȻ㣬ǻǾᡣ
˵жϧھ¾ƲϵжϵġԹֱӴϲתᡣᵽ־һȻᷳ
ҶμŴ濴Ϊ᲻˵ʵҶҲ᲻Ժӡ
ʵѡԺפؽ㶫ȫĵطԺ̫СӲãҲðȥ򸮡ҶɨһȦ⻹ŵĴյأĥųŰȥסʱնǼӡסĲҲٰϾܼҵԺӿռ䲻С
ɲǣ̾Ϣһջˣǲ𡣡
ҵ˵ˣֻȰ˶Ҷ⳵˼ˣ˵ŻݾȥЪϢˡϻַȥƬ̣̾
ɱˡ
ҶڲŻ׼ĳʳû⡣Ѿʱ֪ڼٳٶҲʶԾˡ
⼸ȥתƹأҲûж࿪ʳӡôȻ֮ˣ˵ҶõղãҲԡҶ츳ľҶáͬĲɫıҶûԡ±±ͷ廨һıҶεʱŪҪóԵĶࡣ㣬ȴÿ£ҲԵɡ
˳̾ػܼңϺţϵԺ춼ˡ
һ˵ҶλˣҶþ͸ĹƵĹѰҶ˵ϱҶβŻЪһЪûڣҶþѾš
ͷӦһŽȥ
Ҷ˯һҲͷɢڼϡ컵ĳɢԵֵɤﻹЩɳơҶÿȻһ㶣Ҷһ˿ͷŤͷҶóüģüôˣɫ
Ҷ죬βŻع
δøŰҶϸ˵˵
Ҷͷǰ߰㣬ûɽԵ˿ס˳ͷҶü˺üȦûϵְͷ£á
ʵ¶мҶ֮ǰѾˡԭꡣϸϸһ룬ҲȷʵЩ֡ҶζԼҵ̫ԸԹζĸͲܸʩıȡ
ȱ𼱡¶ܹклʱԭĽͺãȥϽҵʳһݻԳԿǲǱҵζ˸Ľ
ҶôһѣҶõĵǰ˰
û취ӵҶжƼˣҶҲÿϻ䵽ϿʼȥҶԼζĲҲ̲סÿ̡ǲԼĲòŻӵˡ
ССѾܡŶŶؽˡ˵ߣԱǰʢࡣҶÿæӵ黹ôСҶζЩѹեһŮԡ
Ҷñ˲ۣЪһЪҪҶǲǲҶû취ɴȥֻԸƽض֣ŵССˡǮߵ㡣Ҳ˵Ҷøɾˣ˵ҵҶεһᣬ¾Ͱ϶
ԭҶԤ֮󣬵ЩżҶθ˼ҵԵʣҹһû˯áļ䷭ӿĬĬᵽġ
Ŀûиκ˵
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ܼʵ࣬˺ԺһԺӵʲŲߣ׵úܡ
ղĹȫˡҵĸլԵÿöࡣԺĸĴլӡоһסȥƽ˵öԶˡЩܲ壬ҶοԺ̫Ҳȷʵǲ󷽱㡣ɴҲûŪЩ˵ĽȫסԺˡ
һԺӵŮסһԺԱߵСԺֳϺŲס
Ůֿ˵Զһ㣬ƸһЩ
פԱǶԺأҶȥ˯ϿһûаᵽլɣûʳõĿҲ䰡ôô
˶ǼӡǱߵԺҶôʱʱҲܹȥסա
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ϲǰҴլסţȻ·ҶȥϤԺӵСͷǮȥʳһĽ
ŲͷԴҶ˵˰ᵽլͲ⣬һȦ˼˵Ҫȥׯס
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ȥҶθɴཫĸ澽йĴæһ·ҶιγûйǡصԺżң񻹲⼸˵֡
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ҶΣЩҪڵӾһ̽
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Ҷȡѻϡϸɴ룬˻֡ĳС棬ĸĳӣҡһĳţ塣
Σһģžˡ
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˵ЩССݣÿҶŪЩǽһӶˡ
ѵЪϢҶҲþûкúõĳһ١ĥŴûţɴθġĥŲһٴζ棬˹ҶҲıҶθáפǱ߰ʱժ˺ܶĺϡг˿̵㶹ѿ
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ҶҲѳԣһңζҲûкö٣һ㡣
ҶóˣǾòóԡ
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ҶȥСƬ̡˴Źǰܼ̹ġ
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Ҷε뷨ȻŪĺԺӣǱҪҶβռǰԺĿյء̫ӵĻǱʶѹ֣ܼԺƿԺžһƬ֡һȥ¾õڡ
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ȲӵĴСҪٲҲõĶʯɰҲвֻúνĺʯҡࡢɰȶ϶ɡʱ쳤Ǳֲϡ
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С棬ȥҴҶԼе²⣬šӸڿƵġ


89 
ǲڿǶ˵Ҷֻǻɡ
ֱƺҪˡҶμҶðӱϻţɴеĺӸҶһӴŷ磬Ǿûš˺ð죬Ҵϴ
ҶθæλóϴϺҶð
ϴҲʶϵ滨ҩӾǴġʱھõĲϣϴָͷͷֿϼ⡣
ȴϿеó˿϶Ĵ𸴣ۺްֻʳ˰ܽء࣬ԼĪأҩķӦȽϴ󡣰ܽһζҩģжЪϢձˡ
ܽؾڣҶ㳣ʶеġҶø˵ʳ˰ܽضЩ£ǽտûҳԶҲûʲô
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һ仰ûϸŰز̫ҽԵĴ˵
ѵܺӵܲɣϴҲǸƢģѡ㷴ʺΣʱ
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Ҷüͷ˼Ƭ̣һϴ
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ҵ⣬һҼⶫŪǰΪҲζԼҵȽϱȽϡļҵ⣬ԾҶˡ
㣬˵ʲô˼ҶüҶλæ͹ˡԵö࣬ԺԵĸ࣬Ҳû취ϴ˵һûô
ҶοһϣԼࣺǶԶ񫣬ɱΡ
⻰˵ЩţѧǶλްʷĺ˶ⶫӡҶβԼ˵⻰ƫģֶܽȷʵմΪ
Ҷ仰ɹŵҶáЩѰ޲ȥۺۡ¶Ѿһ磬ʱ˵³ɾҲιˡǺӻ̣ҳԶҪӣ
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½ϢҶʱҶڻټ档
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ʧ˵ʲôЩ֬ˮĺܴ䲻̼̣ӵ̶ӡϼ˻ƴˣⶫྩ򣬶кߡʧһӬͷС˵ʹò˵ȴǶµһڶ
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һĿǸӶʹãҪסϾ˭֪һŶⶫ᲻ṻøһ㣬سԣǷפرս
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ԽԽõò飬ץһ·ףز
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ԼұԺԼȻָݴʷԳ塣
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⻰ĪҲû⡣ڰ֣˿ԼԳ񣺡ȻΪ磬ԼµֵȥɡҾͲˣҸԵ˵żз纮Ͳɨˡ
˵ָ꣬ʹһ衴·󲱾ӣҹɫˡ
ĿԶûȥԼҸֱۡȥݡ
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Ҷ⻰һ˵꣬Ҷø϶ͷҲЩˡ
һģǱ١ҩΪٱǶ뿦ʲسǳЩ룬һˣŵ顣
˼ȥǱ١ҶβȷˮжҸʲôǺεȹϵתһ룬Ȼʲǹ֮ͽðɡ


90 
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²Σŵ˶վͽҸץ˸Сõòŵգǰڳʱ򡣺ȻôӷŴŻһǰˡǴ˴ץ˵۸ɷ·ʲô֮һ㡣
ʮĲŶӵŻòᡣЩʵںģ¾ʹŵǰ
ҪµӰȻԽԽáеЧȻѧʳ۰Ͱ͵ؿţһɤźòſھ͵Ӱָҵʳ˲ɾĶ
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91 
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Ҷε䵽ϣû˵ԼƲסĶƲס沿飬˻ڲԡһʸƾֵĶͽҵؽץӡҶԭΪжһץ˺Ƶɵӡ
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Сһ㿪ʼģԵʱ㡣Ҷ治࣬պֻ˳ԡԴܼҵԽԽ࣬ʳͽֿˡҶһӣȻҪһȫ
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ǰѾҩ̵ϴ˵ˣҪȥʩһˡϴܼĶ࣬СȻǶӦʵģſھʹӦˡҶҩ̵ʱϴ׼ˣҩҩͯڵšҶæʩʻȥ
ʩǰǳʱۿʱ쵽ˣͷҲʳǰż񣬺ɫĳдϣסˡ
ʱֽĿ٣һ־úЩⲻʩӸͷؤִ߽ϺЩ˶ˡ
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ϴǰܼҵʳÿһ˼顣ųܼʳӴ̿ӵĿܡϴβˣƷò˵ҽҲʮֲЩʮšĻһȻʮֵεġȺԼЩǵ˶ʱһķˡʱû⣬Ҳʩӵ󳦵ġû˭Լһ¡
ô˵ұˣŵζûŵģϰ⣡ﳦ
⻹ǿѵġǴ󷽵ģſھҪ
Ͼʩ˵˰۳ۣһǮ˲ռײռ
һʱ䣬Ҷ¸ϽͰȥæҶһԿæĵģֵĵ̺Ȼ
Ҷ̧ͷһһȺ֪׳ɷ
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ջںڵȦڴߺ֪ؿʼˡ
ʵϣȥܼһ˵˺ܶ໰ʮֵĲϸػԼ˵ĻеĻͲӦ˵ǻһˣܲ³ǸҶϾǸֱɵĸˣͦˣϱӲʮͱǶЫӸŪˡӦòʲôɣ
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˵˼˿ɴĲһ˼˶ʮ۰ֻ档֮䣬ȹֵϲֳµ˹ǹµֵܡǹԸռˣǹ׵ġֳ
˼ãƹԼȥҹҶεסˡֻеǿʲȥĥŹȥֻع
Ǹİ޹ؽҪĹ¶ûá
ʱڶһֱѰ취ܼҡҲŻ̸Ѱ޷֮󣬹ҲʶԼӦùƾԲĴ㡣ܼһ¶⣬ֲҺôǸԿǿտյĲݰǼ޸Ҳֻỵ¡
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Ҷв֪Ȼ׼֣ʱȺͻȻðɫѿ
ҵ˴󶼻Ϊ׵˾ӸµظҶΣɤף֪ҶϿܽһ˵롣


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ҶЩûףǰһɷӲ뿪ҶεüͷɵܲԵʳЩͻȻֵŵЩںͷûнʳ鷳׷׶˳ȥҶһʳͶҪߣ¾˾֪Ǻˣ
ȻǶΪ׵׳
һ仰ŵԱ߿ֵ˶˵ʱ檵λϵµĲ֮࣬ĲǾ޴󡣱ֻһС󶼻Ǳ
߰ɡ׳ֲУξˣЩĪҪȼˡ
СͻϢҶεߣضˡҪ澣жҲ֪ר޵˿϶ʵССҶεĶ˵һ䣺ӣЩСӦ
ҶûĻŵɫסС̻ʶؽֱãŻعĵӰ̨ͷܹҲ˲ִӺͷƹվҶε
Ҷ亹ðİ͵Ļ֪ô˵㡭
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Ҷ벻úߣƽⶼǽӱġ̨ͷרСҡСӻͷ˯ǳϰˣжೳֺɺ˯µͷҶǫ̃ͷһһؽӱԺȥ
Ҷлϴ¸ϴȥ¾ƣѾ߸ȥˡ
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߰ļƣҶжʱȻˡ
ʱլԺŮлԶŵġǲʣʵ·;ңԶ޶ʱţǼ޵ԶģһӶܻһҡ㣬ҵɡǰغӵ󣬻ЯŮ̽ףжܵǲԶġ
ҶαߵĸǰŮӲʩʩȻ̧ͷƳһۡ
ĿԣŮһ˲
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˵ӣҲǸͦˡԼֳĻûȫţܼҲҷȴҲһӻ𣺡˵Уξӵ⣿
ȻҶβµݣȻҲʹ²µĿġ˵ѾָĻԴ֪Ѱν£
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Ҷйоصػش̬ȱֵò硣Ҷ֮ԻӦһΪ˶ࡣΪⲻҪĳײŴӦһ˵Ҷλǰ֮˰ڲ
˵ЦˣӵܼҰĸָܼһ·һ仰׵سˡҶβ
ܳҲǸңʱµĳϸ˵ʵū澵λ߲˶١Ҷһִ꣬䲻ʱٻ֮檹ǰ̣ȴܿó˵ɫ󡣲ǰŮ̬жߣΪ󶼻Ｘ߾ͳһŭΪա
ԵɺҶνӵ䷽ʱҶҲ;ܾˡ
ɺû뵽ҶôӲЩ²̨
ʵϣԴվȽŸԺ󣬴󶼻Ů춼󶼻¶ʱâϸŸͺöҪһҶϾȻ̬ȡв죬ԾһΪܼҺõģܷҷģұȻġ
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˵˳谮ӵĳ谮ڱ档ͼ˹ʮǿƣǾƲھ֮˶ԺָֻŵģȥһҪôż
ЩҲסУξ۷࣬ͬ⽫ӳأ
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ҪŭſһſںȻӿһȺֳ߱ݸΧˡͷһɤŵ׳վоų߸ߣ˵Ƶġһվŵˣתǻ˾ʹشˡ
²һ񾭶ˣԴΪ׵İͼ߹ֱҶεһƣſھһˡ⻹ʲôû˵ŵ˼Ѿʮԡ
Ǵ󶼻ոǿȴǲפصıӲӲһȺפصıһйְģЩֻǼͣǽĹ̽ףȴǿΪפصıִ
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ҶαֹȴЦһŵ׬Ǯ·Ӷ᣿
ҶΣᣬֻԽ׬Խ̰
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衶ͷ߳亹˿ڻδϣĿǰûеִͼ۰ŮҲΪһŮɫǻ衣˵ްպ졣
ĵĵ̰ɫ֮˴ֻЦž˿ޣ˵أ
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ǵģҶĬĬһŶõġ
˲һ٣ƫͷҶΡ
Ҷգգ۾ĿԡŲӵִϥϣ˫ֱضҶΡҶαЩĪĬĬ˴ڱ֣ôˣ
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ûҶӣ
衣
ĬĬصͷ̵زԼĸ첲˵û˵һ仰Ҳûʲô飬¼ÿһ͸¶һĪɡҶգͼûȣǱеҪǾȣղžͲġ
ǵ治ζΪλ˵ȡ֡һѪ
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ĵؿãƤСֹһ䣺ǡ
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¸ҩҲൽʱʩٴʳǰġ͹ӣҶҲҪõʳĻ򸮣ҶñҴܹҶε֪û²ŷĵȥ˺
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ȣƹһС԰ԺĻϸǹڻ˵Ż֪˵ʲôϵԾطŴˡҶΪǳʲô͸Ͻ߽
Ҳ⣬ƿյƷʻ㲻ɫĻɫҪġ
üͷЩķӡ˵ԭҶ˵ľƿˤãľƿӡǵľ⻬ܱԲƿá˴ƿƿƾͿˣһŽҤճϻɫá
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ҶһƿӴãʵ׻ͦ˼ģƮ⾳ȴвͬļ⣬üͷ˵㻨Ƶ׺ĻͻأҹǲϲƮ޸ƿӵġһŽزŽ˿ˡ
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ʵʱһ˵ģͻ˵˵šǾǼ˵ϻûйҶαҪӪġ
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˵ҶҲ滨ࡣϴͨЧҪһЩϾͷһζҩġĥζ˵ЩҶڴҲܸоⶫԺƤˮ
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ԥƬ̣Ͽڵﰡȥöհ
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ѺͻȻҵİȥ⻹δ飬ߵġ
ҶΰУȰЩȥ̨ͷٹȥڹȥ֮ǰӪáϴҩ֮ҶξѾͷķʽ
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һܿʹ˳ڡ
ں˿ϵĹѪȨķ⽨ᣬش˲Ůӵ
ӻδ֮ǰѾв˴ѩտţ滨ֺʱлҶεʽ滨һڶ졣


93 
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Ҷαûȥ̨Ǳ߱ѾʱĻƷۿա
Ľ˵ϣҶζЩզࡣ
һҶεĶۿɲͣһƿ滨ӡ̨ǱߵĹ붫һһأʮձգͷûŵ˶ѯʡ̨Ǳߵƹıߵüص˶򡣽֪ҶԺѯûа취첹
滨ȶķѵ˹ʱʵӲ࣬Ƚ鷳ҩҪǰɹЩҩĲӦģǱǲô롣
ҲҪ¡滨֮ǰȥҩĵ·ҲŪúҲܾôţ㿴ۼǲҲ֬ˮ涫ȻһƷ꣬ͷ»нӲϣôƲǻ׷ôõơ
ҶʵҲû뵽ô죬תһ룬һεӪõλ
ͷһμӪʽû˿ͷеĿԡΪʣԲŻЧ滨໹ҪһʱգȽһЩȥۼҲĲҲʱոͺ͵ÿҲζǩ塣
һиרˮѧġһЩζŲٷֱ㣬ȡ˲֪ٻڵ֡ϻڵԺ󣬷·Ԣⶼߵ
֬ˮۣⶫƾƵģҪӳ顣Ƚ϶࣬䷽һ棬һ档˵Ϸ棬֬Ĳ֬ͲǸĶҶ˽Ŀں䷽֪࣬ɷ֡ĿںǺѧɷֵģҪҪҵʱõƷҪȥҪǵˡҪǣҿ϶¶
ɣ̨֬ˮ̻¢ϡܼҷҵһһ׷ҧŲŵġ
µףͷԽԽҡ˿Ļ¯һ㣬ȵĻš
ЩģôһѾȵĺˮ乵ġ
Ҷαģһı쵱ۿɼĵʱ޽Ǻʪģ͸죬ŵЩʤµĵ
֬ˮ۵ⲢҲ㲻Ͼ֬ˮֲҵרԼĥķӹõƷȻʸص⣺֬ˮۿԷһţȽ滨ɡһһס
ȻȻǶģֻ顣
ǻбĻķӣҲһǻӣЧģҲܽۼѩһָܴҶ֪ⷽļܵģռдûжǮƹڡȻʼⷽ棬ɴͷꡣ
˵Ǳ߿϶ڲҡʱһ֬ˮ۵г϶ҪϷ֣ܼвĺûȥҲܺϡ
ȻҵЩ¶ҶҲûи˵֪ԽԽá
˵̨ѩƹһʮµĳӡԬԬ˸ȳȣվǱԴһҶεʱЩԾ˿һӡʹ衣֪ԬҲǱŵķˡྩĳλ߹¹ҵ̵Ĵƹҷ¶ǣˡ
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ԬȥҶϱ˼
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Ҷ³һˣһ׮һ׮ˡ
˵ӣϴȥ̨Ե˽⡣
ʵϣ̨Ǳӵ̻ϾǱ߾һͦǼƺҪһЩ̨ϱȽϳĶԭĻܼҵӲ˵ԭճ죬Ա̨ĻҪࡣ
οܼԻƷ˵˲ٱЧõӡǷֳ򣬿ͬײߡӦò¡
ҪôҶҲֻԬһĿܡôҶξûиָʾҵԽԽܲ²ģҲʱ·һֵȨ⣬ҶⷬҲ㿴һԬȻʲô
⣬̼Ҳ֪ʱȥ򣬻ÿʱ㣬ӦҲһڡ
ǿⷿ˶ӵĻˣ̼Ǽôܴһߣÿ°ʱÿճҪȥĻôһ룬һ˷ɡȻԽԽ󣬿Ҷһ˼˵
ɡ϶Լ˵ûôǵҲ׼˶˵û˵̼
Ҷһ㶣ĵӦòʲôɡϴ̼Һ㲻˼ܼҵĻ̨ǼĻҪĺöˡŹ¹ʱ˵˭һҪ˭ң̼ӦøܼҲŶԡЩ׳̼ûжǺ⣬Ȼһ嵭ѣȥפǱߵԺһ̼ȥǱѰˣûš
عͷһ衽Ųش߽һ׳ۣû⡣ɿţԵƮݣƫƫ
ЪϢôãöˣɫЩ԰סһȣ˿ھҪע⡣
ϸϽȥ衰˰֣ްöˡ
ʱգҲûа취Ʒƽ˾կǱȴûôͣ⼸£ɽѾ߲ԭ˴
սֻۣǹһֻ̱ٵسˡЪʮ£ɧһΡկǱߵÿնصķɸ봫鶼СûģҹšҶβ˶ľ֣ż£һַĽȸС
ôˣôһҾɫҶε£̧Ĵָ˸Ҷεüġ뿪ڵ٩Ҷ䣬ԱڿţֻܽЩȥ
ûʲôҶ֪һҪ򣬵Ҳûʲôܽܣ๫ôˣ
̫ƣ͸͸
ڳ衵ҪжͻȻôһش𻰣Ҷζе뷭ۡȴЦеͷСĭҲ
ôȵȷʵܣбЩûб¯һ㡣˵ŻվӣںЩ̶ȥƺûССѵʰȥԺ԰
л԰ģǰû˸ҽ򸮡ӡլۡԭʲôﻹʲôǰݵļҲţ԰չ˵ûͦôµġ
ҶƳһ衣ƫͷ۽ǣá
ҶΣ
ϴҴ뿪С鲽س˻Ҷθɴס衵һֻ֣ܵԼļϡղŻߵȵˣҶξͽԼһֱѹҶ䲻رѹԱһ£վŤͷܲܺú·
ֽ߹Ӳšգգ۾Ƣؽ͡
ҶΣ
ҶҲûвͷߡ
˵򸮵լۡռغܹ㣬ǰԺ䶼߸Ҷβԭ˶Ů죬ҪôԺȥסˡܼô˷ԺӣʱסŮסһԺӣԱߵСԺָϺҶ÷ޡ
԰ҲǰԺһԺһ鷿Ǳ߻һҶηǰԺĻ԰ߡһεĻȣǰһѼӣҹҵعѡ
ҶǰѼһ˫˵ĵΡЩǧľͷ֧ȹһЩ
ҶηǱߣµ͸ïܵ䵽衵ļϣ·ɹһļͷʡ
ĺףɫӳŸ͸ԭⱼЩֲڵƤµĹָֻ˰ϸ塣ڷ٣ǡɫ˵ȴҲˣʱ򲻵òĳЩʡ
۽ǲԾ𣬷·ûע⵽Ҷ䵽ϵĿ⡣
˫˵ģܳؼٽоֲĺôʱʱĽŴܹ磬˲ͽľҶȷ£ûϵɿϡһ£ھЩ
ҶһĿԡ
ˣĿ䵽ҶεϣԼֵʮ̹Ȼ΢ɵ¶ǺһŵҶΰƳһִۣϡ׼˳һֱֵ˺ȻסҶε°͡
ָȣҶεƤʮдڸСҶһ㶣˾ǰ㽫촽ҶεĴϡ
Ϣ絽ϣ衴ҶεĴݡ̽˽ֲࡣҶε衣Ҷ۽޲÷ɿ죬˵һְֻסҶεĺ󾱡һֻֻס֫Ƭ̼䣬תҶѾϡ
ڲ֮ҲҶεĺңһӺĿڡ
衵̲ס°ڱԵַ̽عԵء
ʱ˵סһΪˣû˯һŴʾްҶҲûشϡҹҪһأ˵Ѿû׽ֻǣҶθо궼Ҫ˸ˡ
֪˶ãҶθоԼҪļδͣ
ҪܵµĻȣҶؾ
衵°ʹҶεļϣǳ̾þЩȻȻֹҪġ
Ҷμװˣش
µ罥ƽϢ궯ҶγһԱӲҶתעһ׮ˣݻĵչ
衸ƽ½ǵĶһ̧ͣҶΡ
˵һ˼ĻҶŤͷ˵ҪˣһԺ󡣡
۽΢΢һŶ
֮⣬ҶνһЦζһ䣺ʶ㡣
΢΢ƽֱˡɫû˿ı仯Ϥ˾֪вƽҶƳһϥϵָ֣Ծص㶯衵Сһʲôͻʶص㶯ָ
๫˵˹ʲô˼˵˼ʲô˼˵Ҳкܳһʱûˡոȥſһͬʱմſڸİ
ܹ˼Һ⣬ΣĻҲա衵Щ΢أ֪Щʲô
Ҷο첻̫͸ֹƵһ䣺˵Ҳ֣˼뿪ôվʱյ̫ͣҲûˡ
һ䣬ĹһӦǻȥˡ
ָ̧˸ҶεͷǻعǺŵЦݣ֪ΪЩа˵֮ǰƳЩ¡˹˾ţʱղҳš
ˣҶæ˲ˣͷһϢ
š
˺£ҶʵЩ棬๫֪ģ
ЦһҶΡ
ҶգգۣʶԼ˸⡣ǶУξϳ˺֪οһֱ˶Ź˼ˣ׳˺£ʱµġ
衼ô棬Լؽ¸˵ˡԭǰҶΪ滨æýŲմأںɽܾܲҵˤ˵ȳˡʧѪ಻˵ҲŴΣڵϦ
Թʹ̨ѰҽˣҶεû뵽һ⣬ɽǱ߲˵ǱǴ󶼻µţܵǱȥɱҲҪ˷ϡ
ĻҶɤ
衵Цʮ޹صһ䣺ðˡ
ҶΣ
ĬĬش˴첲ҶбһЦ崺ĳˣЩҭ
ˣ׮¸ûйϵҲãʡǰơ˵ûʲôʵԵ˺ָطҲͦġ
๫Ҷ˸Դ˵ģԺҪʹĴۡ˵˵ָ˭
ͫ׾һЦ˲ʧ
ֽ̧Ҷ޽ǵͷ𵽶Ķɤƽʮƶصָ˭·
ҶһüͷЦеģŶ
˵ŻŴһӰͷԡע⵽ֻûҶЦһע⵽վ˸ˡǿڣɡ
չ٣Դ衻Ժչپܼסˡ񼸺ǽ衣鶼˾ȥġչҲŮӣòֻ߹ϥ衸ǰˣկǱм
˵꣬ͳһ飬ʵ衵ĸǰ
衵Ҳû´˼˼һĿʮСȿɫѾ˲վҪߡͷҶΣҪһˡ»һ㣬ŵջϵ
˵꣬չʧڽ֮ڡ
ҶüͷҲ֪˺¡Ȼصס罫ˮҶε˼ۣûƼһ£ʰأûһ
๫յҴ뿪ˡҶЩģСȥ
Сų̿죬˹ȥ
ҹСһĻ˾Ϻչ١ԼפɹһˣҪסˡԭҹկˡһιģȽϴ͵Ϯ䲻࣬կֱˡҶüͷô᣺ô죿д͹ȥô
ɳկ̨Ǳ߲Ҳ˹˾Ͼʵѱ
ҶģǴأ
²֪
ҶתƬ̣˸


94 
һ򵥵¡˵رûдũʳʵࡣ󲿷ֵҪӹ˹֮Ҫ뾡زկʧݣҪôͷӱֳݣҪô͵ȥڴɹ
Ҷ˼Ƭ̣ȥѰҶáҶø»״򲻶⡣ǰͷǰյӲδܵӰ졣ϰո
ҵӱͣԺ󣬶ȹһζݵʳڣʩӵ⽥ָֻ˺ҶӵʱҶøæýŲմءƬ̣һʳͣҶòŲ˲ֹҶ˵㣬ôпչ˵Ǳæúô
ЩҪ㡣ֵһҶ񲻽ӴҶνϲҶãϲտӣ㿴һ
˵꣬ȥ˺Ժʱ
ʱմĴ⣬Ҳܳ˵ͷһո˵ձһʦ߳١½أͦƳ硣
ɴҶεĽ£˸С棬˸ھ֡˸ּ򵥴ֱԼȡãԼϱֺϳһھֵ¾ھֲԭ⣬ھֲҽӵҲҽӡ
ǰЩӻ鷿ֹҹҹ뿪˶
Ҷ¶ҲǳڽʵҲһǵðΪһս϶ܵӰ졣ʱʳ㣬ٵĿܾ⡣
ҲǺ˼Ӧû
ҶʵǺʲô˵˵õ̫СġˣĹںٻǻ˸Ҷã㣬ҰҪ𣿡
Ҷεͷüͷ˼
߼˵ս½һʱ˺͡ʱָһǡʱ֮֮ΣǷǳбҪġȻѾ͵ϮɹŻյ˳կ֣ǽûжԽڣ϶Ҫ
ǵͨ㣬ɹʳҪķʱ侫϶ǲʱȥġֻеһ·ûֵġʲڵ֡;ȻǴӿʲ
ʲйҪӦò¡
Ҷ׼Ϊ˽ӦկΪԱʱ֮裺ˣȥһھ֡
ȫָİ취
Ҷ˼ȥģϺԬȥ̨һˡ̨붫ٶ·̣ս¾ƽҲӰ첻̨Ҷһͷŵ»ǧӵԤڣ۲ǵĻӦܶڹ֡
ʳȽ϶࣬ͷҵѺʳҲȽΣաҪ˻ͲС
ôţҶȥһ¾ھ֡
֪ȥʲô¼˶ˡߵ˲ֻ࣬жʮҶڶҪΪ˱ҶĸˣҲ˵ʮ˻ɲȥһ䣬Ȼ¿ص˻ָʮܰʳ
¾ھֲܣҶαȥһ˳̼ҡھǳ̼ҵģҶλЩҪʡ
ţߵ⳵Ļվܵ
ҶҲ飬һʹ澺˾չȥ˳̼ҡ
̼Źڵţ˵Ҷˣæؾͳӭӡ˴λҶεĲֻŹ£̼үӺͳ㶼ڡ̼Ҿ⣬ϢȻͨĽկǱһǾյϢˡ˵֪ȫ飬Ҳ֪һš
ΪҶǰ֧Ӧģ̼ү͵ҶΡ
Ҷλδڣˣҳ̼Ըǧʯʳ֧ԮկУξΪİ˶£имҳ̼һ̼֣ڼ֮ңȴҲѵġѵͷƥҳ̼岻ݴǡ
˵ʵҶЩжԭ뷨ǹӶ̼ʦѺԼǮԱʱ֮衣ǵ͹һЩ֮ʿľ򣬳үڵš
ŵʳҶεȻƾ⡣˵ЩʳҲǾģǾȥկġ
ҶεվүӾһлүӿҡ
үӰڰ֣Ǻܾӹӡһһ̵ģ˿ˡ
үӴ˴γԸկ֧Ԯһ£ܼǩ⡣ɣҶҲΪġ
˵ԴϿʲУξһְܼҵ㲻ֻŹһ˸ݵı仯̼ȻҲת̬ȡ̳ˡǲܼ͵ĻǺǻ̼Ҷ׽ܼҵĻ֮⡣Ͷʮֵӡ
ģ·ͻȻʱı߾һֱðпҪս
ʵϣ̼ȷʵ˵ǰȥҹܼңֻ˸գŴܼҰˣûüȥѰˡδӣүԸҶν̼ͣȥгʱƷԺŻٿʲʺȥһˡԭѮгƳٵ·ݡ
ԭô¡ҶȻˡ
⣬ĳ̶ֳҲǿԷȥ򲢷һ׮£ν߷ո߻ر֮ȻҲʢĻرҶ⣺ȻˣұҲˡ
Ҷԭȵĺб䣬̼˳ٳٲǰļ̻һ㵥ԼȻȣȻҲҪһ䣬״Ӧȥ˫ǹںʱȥһԼȷһʱ䣬ٶͻķʽ
˵ŻҶαӶ̼ھѺ֮£֪ھȳոǿʦ
Լȳʮˡү֪ڶ򴴰ھ֣Ҳû̫ϡ˵ʵڻླڵھֲ֪ڵ̻ࡣ̼һҶ󣬱Ҳ˷һ衵ûƤӵȻÿš
Ҷĵˣʮḻʦ㹻ˡ
̼ҽһ⣬үҲŵ֮ڽ֧Ԯկʳ͵Ҷοл˳үӣ׼ǡүȴס¶˼ֹɫҶҲ֪ʶȤ±㿪ʵү²ֱ˵
үԥãǿһֱһûڵĳӡ
һ£үֲӣɿڴӦˡүи󣬡ܽȮУξźҲܰЩ
Ҷʱһ⣬û˵
ʵϣ衶Գ̬ҶһֱͷǸϲŭɫӣôܽϵģҶǻеè塣ʱҲֻίػؾϵҪ£һ˼ٻ͡үǵǣȥӡ
үȻҹ衣Ǳûɿڡǳֵ̫үӰͲ飺Ϊˡ˲÷ϡ
ҶƳһ۳㣬ó̧
Ŀԣ㲻֪Եʻ̫ᣬоɢ˿ò׾Ž˲
Ҷûɿͬ⣬̼ҲûǿүЩɥǿҶγţվͽҶʮոǿʦ
̼ҳʳӦҶҲöļƻƺʦǻ򸮣ҵʱպǰͮܲӳƲʡո¸µطɹδɢȻܿȡҶβһžſڵӣҡ
ӣǻˡӣϴ򷢹ŵģһҶξţǣ
˵ҶδҴһݣϵѺ͸ˡ
µĺȣҶγŴҲʮֺʵȵЩܣҲյϢϽ˽ҲҶȥ̼£ûżҶȺȿ軺һȥʵۣиõ߾ͺˣҲʡܡ
ҶЦЦյ¶ǲŸоĿһЩ
ġҶԼؽ˶˵ˡֵʳһǲ֪ģɫͱˡ
ô飬̨ǱӦҪɣ˵Щ֮˽ⲻ࣬Եʣдֹ۵ġԺüͷ¶ǶҲʵʡĸ̣ҪԼͿռҵιģͷ˾ͿҲûôͿģ
˵ȴôġ
̨Ǳôãȴܲ׼ҲΪ๫ԼҲô˿ڡһ̣ƾͲԤˡ͹ݣҲ
Ҳǣ̾һ̼ҲȥǶڵôҲֻܷš
Ųˡȴģ뷨ӰǨ
ϱ˵ŻҶҲ˵ˡ
ҶⱼһգͶǰˡʱȥ˷һƣȥϴҹ˯ޣϵԴˡɵ۾衲֪ʱˣڻûһӺζɫҲǲҰס
ҶԴðŰ˸ƿ衲ǲû˯۾µĺɫƵˣôʱܻ
ؿһԵĴϣԴҶΣƣ۾Ц
ЦЦЦ֪Ц
Ҷμ촽ף뵽ʱ˿ڻûϾʹҴȥկҲǱûúˣֶˡϽǰȥ⿪Ȼ裬˿ˮЩۣЩ֪úñԼתһ룬ЩҲ
Ƶ³һҶֻһԵȥ˽ҩͱ
ҺüûϴˡЩڴԱ߳Ҷ֡
ζȷʵЩڳկӪ飬ӦҲֲʱϸϴҶνúõĽҩŵǰϣŤͷȥ滽һ
СܿȥˮͽҵԡͰˮҶβ߹
ҲһѹҶεϡ
ҶԡͰ˸Сľʣذǹ⣬ȥȥƽЦʱ衹ЩСǵҶ߳ܡʱһ㲻߳ˡ衿Ͱϣ̧һľӣڷٰ
䵽ˮУ˲մʪó֡
Ҷһˮʪͷˮӱüǻ䵽۽ò䡣衻գ۽ޣҪЦƽ߶װҿģ
ţͷ̫鷳ʪͦ¡
㿴Ҷ衻۾۽·γڵӰӣ˵ʧȥյˣ
ҶĲ㶼⸱һǵ¶һô
ЦһͰؿ𶯡Ҷβע⵽߹˿ڣ󱳻вࡣͷʲô£ҶĿڷ·һһ£ۡ˾ͣʲôҲû˵Сĵؽ衵ͷ۵ظϴ
ãҶβŽͷڷϴøɾ˿ԡͰѾ˯ˡ
̨Ϸŵյƻ𣬵оžһը죬ɫŴҹҡڡҶָĦüǣڵƻ֮£ԵʮֵҶʳָһüģתȥȡԼԡĲӸϴӡ
ŸһҶæͷԼȹڱ߬Ҷץֻ֣ԼѸٳ˯ó۽޻ɿ£ۡ
Ҫȥ
ҶΣôţ
ȥǵԡõߣȻҶѵûһҹ˺üΡ
۽ز·뾡̫ƣƬ½ǾûɣͰ۾ֱҶЩΣѧ۸۶šߵĲһû顣һû顣
ˡҶθɴ⿪ԼѸ
ȡ˲ӺԡõӣҶ˳̵һ˸ˢϴɾò˵˳ٺÿҲס̫̫ۡҶθоԼѪˡ
๫̧ǿ϶̧ģҲ϶ҶҲԲ˽̧衣ûأҶֻܺͣģ˿ڲˮҪ˯ȥ˯ʰûУ
˺ö£Ȼأʱ䣬ն˲ؽ۾һ졣һֻҶ°͵󣬺ȻһʹͰҶθקԡͰ
Ҷε¶ˣϲɿشǵ㲼ϡˮؽȥʪһƬҶ䲻ˮûСѸŲλãĳֱ˦¶Ҷһϵϴˮ־סĶݺݵתһȦ
衿۾ˣһͷͿ¶ԵͷҶεҧһ¡
ʰ
Դż˲Żһһ׼Ҫ㻹
衲ע⵽ˮСͷʪ͸ͷڷҶŪ޲ӸҲϴøɾɢŵĹ㡣գգ۾˲ص֣ϴˣ
Ȼأϴϴˮôһݣֵϴˡ
۾˸⣬Ҷε֫˸ԡͰϵˮҲ˾;ߡҶһƾ֪ʲôϽסʰͣ㣡ҲԼʲôˣ𣿿ܲģ
ʲô衱ܻӸЦס۵׵ЦҶԼͷôҶûͷҪõˡ
ҶҭҭûᣬҶ໻㡣
衣
ۿΪ˶žҶñ𱧣ҪƴһսҶֻȿ䣺ˣġỻԲỻҲе֤ԼˣϽҷҩ
ûҪⷽûҪ
ǽͣҶθϺҩ˿ļһ˯ˡ
ۣҶҲûڴ˷ŷȥɵֽСһˮ²˸ɾѲش˯¡
һ˯ò̫̤ʵҹＸαѡ
ҶǰΪӵĻʢ§㡣ʱҶβŷֲԣڵա˵ƹյöͨ졣ҶδҴһѾ͸Ͻϴһ类ҹ衺͸Ҷһͨ
ԭܹˣӹǾûȫ˷磬ƽǲǻҳҩϴ׼úܣһ⣬Щʲô¶ϹڣڳëһӺڵģ
ҲڣŴĻŵסǲ衳ʲôҩ۰Ͱ͵ؿҶΡ
ҶƽԵЩҩЩΡ
ʰƽڳʲôҩϼҶβ˵Щż
Ҷβ֪ô˵
ҡ˵ϻ۾
ЩҩﲻáɤƵøƷ࣬ŶҪɵðѪĸо
˵˵ʲôҩ࿴ǡ
򡣡̧ɤ죬ƫЩѹȵĸоϴһۼĺ۵ϣ̾˿ߵĻȥ
Ҷæתͷһˮιȡźࣺҹ˯̤ʵٲõóЩҩ˯Ⱦʲôҩʱպȵҩ壬˵谭
˵оݣϿһϴϴһתͷȥдӡ
ϰŰɣֻա
ʵ˵òأֻ鷴۹Щˡϴ衿ЩӵҩȥҩžССѾͷӹǿҲסộǵҩ˵һزˣҩֶԶܹӰģ治ҪˣĪΪ
ҶĿ˵һȥ衡
衻ǸӣºͺŵЦ£ֻżһء
Ҷ³һˣ˵ǣ׼Ǹҩˡ


95 
һղ·еˮһ̡
Ĳòϵڶֵ߳ͷƤ
Ҷޱ﷭䵹񣬽ܲضĵطȫһ顣һ߽Ķϣһ۽ƳڴҩˡڷɢŴڼͷûд£ΧűǿߡһҩһüЩ㵽ײ˶
û١衲Ϊİɡ
ҶΣôԷ㣡
޹գգ۾һҩһҶηһ԰۸ϵҩҲ࣬ݵĻٵöӰɣ
Ťͷӣôĵط׻ܲأ
ϵһţƽҩûҩɬ̡ز֪ΪΣҩ֭Ҫһҩȥ衶оԼʼͷĿѣס촽ҵĿ˼ɤʣҩࣿ
𣿡Ҷִһ¨﷭ҩҼһ
ڴ衣
󣬸ཱུʵˡҶִ﷭ϣĻٸŪȺȡ
衣
ǲٺˣ¿࣬ҩӻҲЩܲס
Ҷû뵽ôܲضסﶼûôҩһòӵİɣߣ˵ⶼֹǽߡصҩʰ衿ڴ߿ҶΣ֪ʱ˯ˡ
˯ŵĶʱϢᣬעֲˡѻƵ۽޴סڵӡͣڷ䵽ǰڴһҲ
Ҷһ£߹ȥǰ˻ΡûʲôӦЦһȥ
һ£۾Ҷ±ϡ
ҩֻˣ˯úܳҶûʱŵؽŴϱȥˡͷ¶Ҫ衺ú˯һ
һζ͹ȥոգһϾ͵ȡǹĻҶǱʶĽȸУܾñó׼Ų¡ôǳ׼ֻҪ߾סˣǴʾͲ¡
Ҷ̾˿Ǹµ龫ǣ
ˣһһ
˵ȥ̨һǾȼòˡʳֶֻҪܣһܹǲġҶλһˬȥʱϺԬڵš
ҶξѾ˵ֻ˵˸šýϸ˵һ顣
ԬʵҶô⣬Ƭ̵ӣ̨ϹûôʳͥʳͦεģַĻƵóȥһ⡣ǲһգ취ȥݳʳ
ԬʮӵĴ£Դླ±Ҷλࡣ
ڹڣ˵Ҳƫλãýֲǿö࣬ʳȱͥҪϼ
Ҷü˼һ£ͷɣԬƹһ⡣
һϺϺʱոҶζߣҲܵ¶ھĥϺҲһ鶼ҪҶһһؽҲ뵽취ʳ׮ʮҪҶҲɳȥ壬׮Ҳȥ
ϺȻͷҷġ
磬Ϻ͸Ԭ̳ˡ
һ·ʮʦһѺӺͼٶĹϹȥѾһأûиõļڣҲáǳԹϹĺʱڣӦü۸񡣼֮ѩ̨أȶõʱ
ȥ꺮ǰȥģ꽻Ԭвͬջ
פǱѽٶͲɹҲʱե͡ׯǱүѾ˽һӸã˵࣬ʮĶǧİٽӡ
˵ѾǺܾˡʱʳƷֲֺӰ죬ʵʳĲߡһ˵ũĶֻڶʮٰʮıҪࡣŲүܽĶߵٶѾ˲С˼
֮⣬޻Ҫɹɴá֥顢׵ũҲʱճɡ
ͲեͽׯȺեͺãȫ浽ؽѡԭҶȥǵ򲻰״ʱսʮֶȱͲ֡Ͼ˴̵ǮЩȲҪЩ޻ҶҲȫɶ¡
µĻȻҪϺ
˵Ǵȵʱ򣬵仹кü¡ǲܿҺʱŵġһʲô⣬ǰʺȻˣɿء
һ˵ȾĶغ߾Ҫ¡͢ǲǷġԪϵĴ˾ũ׵鶼֡ЩҲҶܽġֻܽԼ˻á
깺һ£ҲҪܼҵİ׵˵޻޻СµɹƣѾɹˡ˽࣬ԼĪǧӡ
޻ҶԭǴȥҲ˼ƻƳ¡
ǧ޻֪ټ£һͷһǧ
ҶŽҲҪ˲ϡƳҲҪʱģϸһһ£ſھС˵Сط幤ҡǲÿĻЩ·ŵĴׯдĸӦҲ
һһʵʣһһʵӡҶͷЩҵףǳＯһʾȥ֮ĥŵþ£һһܸɵ˷׬Ǯϡ
һҶӵļָ̼°ȥļƻ滨Ǳ˵ڽǰĽҶ˵Щ̫ˡׯʮҪԷǱʮҲСʮҵӳ̿Ҫ˸࣬άҪǮֻࡣ
˼ȥҶξʱ֬ˮҵˡ
ʵԲױ˽ⲻ࣬˵Ҷλ֪ٵƿں죬Ӧ˵֬ķӡʱ֬Ϳ֬ҪĶȽȻ˵ŷĿܼ֬򵥣ƵֲȾϻζľͣȴͱɡ
û֬棬ںѡõ֬棬ǴʮͲſʼ֬ԭīޣϡûеġ
ŪѵֲȾϺ;͡øֲֻȾϣɫû취ŪôŪûгļ͡
Ҷ֪кü֡ȡģõ徫͡ѹեȡģڸٵľ͡лӷܼȡ֬ȡȵȡ֪ԭרҵĺʵ鲽趼ŪҪԭϣɱƲˡ
һǻá
ô㶼һʴɱ¿ͷѣͶ뵽гƷҲǸ󹤳̡ԽڼеĿܽƷĵòٿ
ڻƬ̣Ҷתͷϵӡѡ
̵СӶҲΪި￡ֵǸڶʶֻ֡żһʱ⡣ϾϲŪһЩ塣
ԭȽΪҺڣԼ˼ϼиòĶϱ磬ʱЩѸҶΡҶνæеߣôʱˣʰˣ
ҩ˯ˡҶߵߵľ֮£΢ͽӣҲûǰˡ
˵˯ˣķһ룺˯¾ͺãú˯һ
ҶҲôġ˸£ӣұȥõҶһȥĥű㿪˿ڣǰﲻⷽ⣿
ţʱ滨ҩģһҩõС
Ǵô
šҶǽʱռеĻ˵˵߲Ǳȫ׼Ǵʳ¡һʲСĻѡҶۼһǮ·̼ҵ裬ı·Ȼ⣬ɽգǼҲû·ġ
ϲǵȲ֪µϸˣһ㣬ȻҲҶεż˵е֪ʳҩҲñһЩȻһʳԣûҩľ
⻰ǵ㵽ҶΣһ©ȷʵҩҲ֮ء
˵ŻϵҲû˼ˡ
Ƭ̣ڣȷʵ֪ٵƿ֬ķӡ
ϻ֪˵ٻʮ꣬ϲóƸҩţΪױݣ֬ˮҲһǿҶ˵ʲôжŹŷۼҾҪⷽ⣬ǿһڼƷ
ȻǿԵġӷڿǾģͶǮǮ
Ҷǰ;ⷽʮֳڣֻⷽûš֮æҶΪȻ͵
Ҷôһ˵ϻ˷ܵģȻﶼô˵дһء
ǺҶεľҶ˵ʲôýȥ
ȻҪŷ֬ҶҲͲһ֡ɻһȻΪ뷨ͬסҶθɴɱܲܳɣ𣺡óɾͳɣҲ취
ô˵ˣҶͷЩ
컹ûڣչȥһׯӡ
ѾȵʮĶûաûڣһ²աҶȥһȦ̾˿ŲСͷŸñ﹡תƣɹøľ׮ƵֺС˵ҶˣŸֻλƵع
ĪżļԲȶŲһ۾ͿҶżƵؿڵ
żֻơȵׯԶúܣطҲΡžҲܱ̣Ȼ˹˹ƻǾһ¡ҶηǵͷһңܾûôֽͣŻҶĻѪ
ŲһƬһƬĵӣﶼ԰Ϸ⿴ţĺˡ
Ҷ룬ǸүӰֱһ¸˵ˡĻҶҲû˵ֱһ׮¶͹ŲɫϾԪϣ˵ǸũĹٶϼöȻҲࡣüͷҶɵԵɡ
ʰСأүһʵ
ڼоҶʹȥ̨Ǳ˵ҪˣҲûֱӵȥկݵҲӦûв
үֹģƳҶһۣѵߵĻʻȥ
ˣϷ͸һȥɡ
Сͷ˵ٲܴ¶һе紵ݶ̲סġҶԭǲ뽫¶˵Ų֪Ժе뷨˵ˡʱ˵ҪһȥҶαҲûܾͷ˳ûڻ򸮡
ҹͷ鷿̸˰ޣۿŶҪŻݡ
̸ʲôûգܼҾİӡ衿Ǽһľ⣬ִҴһ˳կȥ
ǰҶθ˼ҩȥ
˼ȥģ˽פǱߵԺӺͷһյظӵ˳㣬ԺӸˡ˽ͷַҲ˴ĵؽѡˣߣҶҲ˸ۣٽԺð˸ַ
Ԭ²һЧʣȥ˲ʮգԴԴϵʳʹ̨İ͹Ϊ˲ɧСģ͹Ҳû˭
Ϻʱվ͸Ԭ£߿ѧ˲ټʶ̶̲һ£ҶðĲֿͶˡԭΪǧ֣Ԭб£һǮҶԤʳϹҶ
ˣҶ벻ļ۸ȥ갢Ԭֱӽ۸಻١Ҷεһǧһٶӡ
Ǳ£Ԭƹĺñ£
һǧϻ㣬ԬҶӪͷٴܵһظȥ̨ӸͶ˹¡
ÿ͵ζ˹£ģġ
Ҷ˵δСƹ˵ǻۣԬһ־ͽĿ࿴ˡȻôãҶθɴҲſȨޣȥг׼ۡԭҶָļ۸Ǹݶߵƶģ֮Ҷų̂ʵ˽ú͸
ȶĽҶǵõһ˿Ϣʳ˲ַפǱԺӵĵؽҲо͸̤ʵˡ
̴ͻԤ֮С
ĳҹҶβſ˲ûãʹ˼ٵ
Եɵɵ۾ԺͷƻͨŵϣϻҶõ˵ҶѸϽ˴ţҲͷɢľͽҶεӣǱߴˡҶׯˣ׼ĸ׼ҹһˡ
ҶûףͿû׼ĸ׼ҹ˭ƳҶһҶׯҶһӲԭ׵ô
ˣҶίʵû뵽Ҷ˻ԭȲǲܴô
⻰˵ģ϶û취ӡ
ȵȣҲǸ˼˵ôҶׯ˶ˣҶϵ£ɹͻôܲһֵô󣬳կôôˣ
ҡҡͷ̨ǱӦû֧Ԯġ
ôȥǱ߿Ҷô¡ҶθϴҴȥ˻վһȺˡҶͯϷҶ཭ӣ߰˸ӡǹǳôլЩţҶͯҶ཭˶ƵţҿҲ
ҶθϴҴҹҶ཭ƨлƵԱߵҶͯûֱӺǰҶΣҶϡվ׼ĸ
֮ȻһͨѣҶͯıûУѵĻǻ˵
ϸһͨ˵ҶӶӶùС⼸ӸƼݣһһġ
ҶεҲû˵ʲôСؽҶôŻСȥЩʳ͹
ҶͯϷƳ˲ٿ࣬Ѱݣ϶ɫôˣһͨѾþ˱˴˵һ·ҹ·ģ۵ĶǺСЩĺӿŴһĺԴһһģöվס
ȳʳǳ꣬ҶθֳһԺӽס¾͸ȥЪˡ
ˣҶüͷЩġ
Ҷ̬ͯȣҶθоʡ
˵ֻһ棬Ůû˵ϣҶȴ·ѾԤϵԺͷǳסָֻš˵ʵͷҪæѾˣҶӦһִͷǼǿԵģõǲС
˼˰죬Ҷ³һ
ҶθղͼҶͯ˵ͷһ˼Ҳʲô̬ȣҪҵˡҵﲻܳõ⣬þߡ
һ㶣û뵽Ҷüͷ¶ô˵
ͷ΢Ҷκ˵ףֹֻƳһۡ
գգ۾ϸҶͯδҶεĻ˵ȫͬܣеζϹҶε˼Ϊġ
룬¾͵ͷ㰲űǣ˾˰ɡ
ô˵Ҷβһˣ¶ϸ˵
ϱ˵ЩԻȥЪϢˡ

ͬʱפӪ衿վǰĳ۾
УξˣС˳㡣ϻҶεųүӵ˳㣬ڻûסżˣһ˳կͻĿ죬̨ĲûΪסһߣȻǶԱ׳سǣǳû顣
ǵͣһ˾ɱʮˣһսֱӱ쵽衵ĸǰ
šջ顣
Ԥϵתת˻飬Ҳûкܾȣӽ°ɡ


96 
ͻʴѹûܵһʱ乥Ƴկƹ˽ɽɽӶ߳͵Ϯׯһδģ壬˽߰ٶ޹̨֧Ԯûʱִկ͵Ϯͻˣ
ͬʱһͻʱƹɽɽҶ
ͻԴյϢʦ£·Ҷ򣬶򣬳ʰΧƽࡣ̨ͥͥݵƫĴǳûܵսµţѣֵĻ̡̻
ƻңսƵ𣬴š
կԡѪսС½һͻʱ⡣ҶûôõսҶƫԶ̨ǧͷ֧ԮٳٲԭҶУξҶɽ룬µУξҶɽһ롣͵ֵסͻʱ
ҶͻɱӣһƬ֮СûӵİվɱפصĹٱƴֿɵֵסǧפɱһǧ˱ˡ
Ҷ붫ľ벻ҶͶߵһ£ֻḹܵСפضİͼȥҲĻ̡̻
ϵͼ۸ǣѾطȥˣɱһաÿͷĶĿڶңüȼ֮͹ʳȻΣϳˣҪȥˡ
ʩʱչ˾ûˡҪһң̯˶١ʩӾ뿪ҲûôϺö൨С˶ţ㵽ȥѡ
ֻҪͥĵؽǶ㵽ﶼܻ԰ȫ
ҶҶλùãǳҲ׵塣˵Щ̹ţ󲿷ֿĻ⡣ҪЩսƵ̻ϰ˶ųû׬һʵ˼ҶϺĲ͵ˣѰ˸ƵطֳȥƳ¡
˵ҶָֻܻͯţҶͯû˵Ҷϵ˵ˡ
Ҷ˵ҶνϺõ޻ֳȥµĸ˸Ƴɳ£ž;ò¡ҶεԵαҶγԵ׻ָܻ࣬ҶβӣôõĶȥʲô£ͷ˭ǸǮȥѴ
ҶƼ˵ص˵¸ʲôգọ̈ܲƳҲ˵ͲЩ˽˿õİ׵ӣ
Ҷԭķһ仰Ǹ˵ﶯһ¡
ȷʵϺõ޻Ͳ͵¸ȥʱͷж˵׼ʱ򣬵ȷǻ̰ͼǵ㶫ǵ޻ʲô鲼ͷʲôĳѵʱһһ飬һǿ϶鲻ġ
罫е£ȥš巿ҲԭǸׯϲС͵Сġ巿Ҳ͵ش鲼ͷȥ
ǸӣƤ۾ҲýһԿţ˱ƤӵŪҲǣԴ½ʩӵ⣬ĿҶ˼Ƭ̣˵ͷҲУʱͣˣַճ
ҪԭϲգҶιŵһ̴ˡֳ¶Ҳճ̡
ȥõ治ࡣöһæҶβЩ㯣衶ŪԬ˲Żͺˡ
˵ҶָҶһ£Ҷӣû˾ôǻܼжټҵףҲҶͷжٵ⡣һ޻Ҷ϶ţҪǱ֪ˣҪҪָֻţ
˻ԭ׵ҶûʲôҲÿ⡣ʱТ죬һТͷѹϣҶα˲ںҲӰ졣
ҶβȥսʱĸĸȨҲ뱻ָֻţֻ뾡ߡ
¶ҶҶͯϷ˵
ʱҶһᣬˡϰҲѣϷҶμɫ˵ָĻҶͯһЩҲסҪӵģΪԼҵܲܲŮˡֲĻ˵Σͷͱ˷ιӡ
ðҶνеһߣڵҶθһӰȥ
ǾöӣҶͯͷҲҸϵ˺˵ڼиУξǹүûۼҶɽ˽ЩġϿʵʵĹټϷˣ֮Ͽмʮơһ˳ʮܻˣҵ
죡Ҷͯϲ˵Ҷ˵ǰ㲻һնסȥ
ҶһΪѵӣƳһҶϡҶûҶͯôУ˵Ļ秵ģҶʵûôԷΪ죬Ҷͯ˵ʲôʲô
治סô
סʲôסˣҶͯӲúܣҶθҶƵġ
Ҷһ̬˼ſڣߵûʲôסܰš̨ǿ˸ġûȥƹ˵ĸܴۡסˡͥľôңǵĶҶġǲ۳Ͷ٣ȥ̨Ǳܱܻ߱
ᵽҶͯüͷ
һԵҶҲԾͦͦдϡ
ôæǹȥܳ𣿡˵ʵҶͯȥġԴ˵ҶɽУξһְĵȥټүҪҵҶҴ壬·;ԶʹһӰȥ
βܳɣҶգգ۾һ̨ûϣǹȥ
ôһ˵ҶͯϷü۶ȾЦ⡣
Ҷͯ޽ǵĻ׵ͷϸظ˳ˣͷϲ̵ıʾͬɲǣԼҼӶТ˳Т˳ֳϢǹȥչɽɲţҶ˵û˵Ǹ˼Ҳġ
ҶƳڵɫСĵؿڣǵҪߣµþˡȻǱߵͻʱһҪ
⻰˵ɫһ䣬ǲŴǱӹʲôҶλ
Ҷͯ¾˰壬ߣߣ
һ£ǾûеĿܡҶͯҴӹүһ̶ԸȡϵǸͷԺҪıϻҪ⣡
ߣͻȥʰһĪˡҶͯһס򸮾;òڣԸ˵ûôе˵ˣٳʲô¶ҪڵġﰡȥŻɣۼһߵ̨ǲеģû˻ҲС
ȻᵽҶɽᵽ̨ĵүʲôãģ϶ǰźá
סС¾ҪߣҶ཭ǲġȥɫüһ÷ڣҶӵҲֳָֻܶšӹԲÿࡣ۳Ͷٵһ˲㡣ʱͱţҲĲ˹Ҷɽľ¡ȥƤӵ²Ҫձɹ
Ҷ཭ᣬҶ཭ҵȻΪ
ò˵Ҷ཭һӵΪҶͯòᡣûأֵõҶ϶Ҫ߾ͱߣͷӲǲܼңǴȡ˸ӰҶ཭һ١
գһӲȥ̨
Ҷʮܴʦһ·͡ǰҶϰҶһȥ۾Ĩ˻ҪҶΣ۵Ҷ򣬻ǻ˵ҶҲˣ㿴ܸܲŮݸţȥҶ򿴿
Ҫ˵֣Ҳеǿѡ
ҶҲø˵˧ײ뿪ֻǵͷһ취̽СܵϢʱ̨ȥţġ
ҶŲ
һߣҶָŲʮĶĵ׸֪ΪΣҶһʳᱻ̣ĽȸС
˵ûĶǸ޷ӵܵСĽ
ʱһζ͵ʮ£һµսѾɵһƶնȥĸ߶ȡ˵İգǶĴ䣬ҲкЩҲԲ𷹡ҶѾвˣƳµģӵģ滨ġ
ЩİգǸɻҪ̫ĹǮһڡ
Ҷγﻻȶ۸ʳǼ
˼ĵ˵⼢Ĳֶ˻ʳ治ʳܱ¼᲻óԣܼһʳ
Ҷ˲ɳʳȫƳӡ
˻ʩҲˡӲֻǶҶνҲ̨ݡ
ʳʵζ±ϷӣҲѧᡣҲ򵥣ֻҪҵεƹĳӣ
ʳԺ󣬹ȵǱ߳һЩŲүӼֵڶģóҶεɳȥˡЩ˵ܱ֮衸ȻǸбµġʶֻ˶ǻЩ˵ƹš
ҲҶκдŸ衣˲֪Ứ֮ˣ֪Ūʮͷû֮
Ȼ˵ôҶҲʹŵˡ
ͷðЩӶҶθΪʵؿ졣衽ϣЩ˶ɳȥҪ鶼ƯƯʳӲһ׮С£򣬹öסʳһ࣬ʩӾͶ࿪ʮң̨ңңҲ˼ҡ
ѩҩޣ滨಻ܴĹֻҷֵꡣӪģʽҲػͬ˵ǵ˵ػӴһ飬һЧ
ò˵һúãӾˮһڴҶλûüпðͿռҵףóȥǮͲ඼׬
Ųûб񣬷ǮӣҶж̲סڸпһأյһһµġߴ̴ʧ˳ԲڵİȴվɸƽңڡУǮ
ûǮнҶԬϵĹ¶ûϹġ

һ̴ʱȷʵãӰ³һֱʮ³ûʡÿܵԽԽࡣҶǱӹģ̨֧Ԯٳٲյӹȥֻ硣ۼ㰲Ķ򣬳˽һ
ûʱһ¶轵ѩ׷ɵļڡЩֻжķݡ
Ҷ˵ǿʲϽܵ˵ؾͲܲܡ
˽͢벦κ·ԶˮͥϢҪݵʵ۵鷿ɸʵҪ£ҲҪһꡣϲ֮£пܶʲ鷿ʲȲôãֻȥͼ
κͼæļ棬֪֮򵱵ظ̽
˾ٴжġκεصĸǰԹ֮ǣȻװƣ˿
Ҳ˵ΪʹظΪʣΪ޹м㡣ҶξʱվУξ˵ŵϺʹ￪
һ٣ʩࡣ
ò˵ʮĶĺ˴áԼĪǵغãʮĶﾹȻǧһٳҹҺЩһŴסһࡣټף˲ˡȻҶҲû˽ģ²Ҷεԭ
ҶҲǺ׼ؿרѰ˵ܼҵƶܼܶӾ˶˾֪
ɿѵĳУһɫܼȴȫĻʳܼðաˣҶεΪԵƷ¸кͰӡȻЩɫԺȷʵЩţܼұͲǵĺ֮ң΢ĩҲʵҶ˵Ҳƭˡ
Ͼոͻ
Ҳ˵Ҷһ˶ٰ˵ͻʱûгֱ룬ʱƣ龫ǵĽ
̨ԮٳٲȴԽԽ⡣ֻܽµ˷ֳ
һ򣬽ͻʱԹΪأ׷Ƶͻ˲òӸ֧ԮסǼлĲԵذϣλսģʽɧ֮ǡͻʱսǿ⣬ֿѾʮּѡ
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ûбֳŭ𣬾˴ʾһкԹԡ
ԼĪҲ飬ôòŵֵ󶼻ǰԳԲ˶ߡ˷ΪǿȶסСӣĪҪһսԴ󣬸ͱ¦ӡϵΪ衡ʾǿסͻʱķϣһ
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ҹȫɱ硣


97 
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˵˻ɣҲһԸš
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ͼұۣҪ±ز档òɣ˵ִկգǡͻʳźڷˣһ֮ȣȻǵиҪ鰸֮ʱԱΪȡ
ٵʧȥ˺ԭ죬ȺסΪ˴οͻʵ˧˳µȡ˺µĵϽɢְߵıࡣ
ұܵؾô˾ٲףذ죬һŶۡ
侳ҲŸ߽ܵʿǵļȱӡǧĺʱڣսʮּࡣʿǳҪ˷ѩ쳵еѣԵĸΪصȱʳկز㣬³ٳٲۿųկȴֻӣⱩƢƿڴ
Դ³ǿŹӸԼ̼ҵ̻֧Ԯ
Ҳ˵ʱڴѣͻ˵սѡѩ·ͻ˺ᴩԭϮǱ磬иصء캮ضʱԭ˵Ұ޺УΪ̡ĵȴѩŷ
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ͬʱĻʵ߱ɱıλ֮СˣΪ֮ʽ졣
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98 
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衲ظҶһ٣ָ޽ǡҶ衸Сգò˵ĺܲ
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˭ҳԷþӺӣ
ѽһ㲻Щֱ׳Ͼڲãֻܳ
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ڵһԭڱ״ɹӡҶξմɹе죬ôôǻ̳ӡĳӦöô˵ʲôǴš
ҶҲרҵѧʷ߷׵ģ󶮡òǹǻ̳ӣùһۡ

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100 
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ҵԺһͷ۾ɹ̫ͷŲ£һңڵȡǹ²ܵ忡ݣһͺϡ
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үĿҶתһ£Ӧһ
ҶüĿȴ㲻ḡվһһͦҳ˿¶ɪ֮ɫʱʮ⡣үӱۺӣСǸ۾ġ
˵ţ̧һ壬͵ݸҶΡ
үӵֲһһӵĿͶ衵ĿҲ˸һ˲ƺʲô˲õĶҶգգ۾׼ȥӵֶһ٣ԥ
̫̫Ҷε֣£游ļš
ô˵ҶȻûپܾ
һ˽ݣүӾ衽еȥҶθĸһ飬һȺ̴˰ΧЩȡֲѿĺӣ˵үӺ̫̫ˣĸһһĿΡ
ҷҲĺã֮ʮֺĸơ
ҶЩΣ֮ҶκЩϵ¶˵һ۹ݴġڹиĸɩ۰๫ݡһûԹ࣬һ¾ϴ󱯡ɩӵĶһŮӳŲסʧȥ˾ϵĶŮز۵þֻʣһ磬Ǹ˶Ҫȥ
û£ԼءʵϸҶȻҲشϸ
˵Ҷδϵ֬ˮۣԤ֬ˮӣĸĸ۾ЦʱϲЩۣ֬ƫĵģЩ겻ЩӦţȷʵǻøˡ
ҶЦЦӱͻûʲô
ŵģȻ衣ҲдҶθ³ɻ飬Ͼ͸дš޲ðҶοһ仨ĸġ
Ҷαĸţ̫үձûôˡ
ڱͥ飬˵̫үȴܲµõԼӹǸر֮ˡظ˵ʲôܲ
ˣڱͥͲʵܹҪСġ̫үڳ͢û̫ྴη֮ĵģνΪأ֮ΪᡣϵǸС̫үûȴԸΪ˱°յϷ
ţ衲ˮΪүһ衣鷿뵵һһüģ衵游̳ġ
ΪϷԽ̳ģϷŲģ
үӺһһ̵ģ⺢ӲԸҲʮµȥ֡
˵үӱʱ衡
СӵԴСڳˣĮҶúܵװٱ񣬹ĺүԶǵò°ߣһӣһϦ֮ɱʮ˰Ȼػظִչĸһӣһһûԥĸοкεȸӵ顣
ȡɱүǵ·үǵᱻɱ˫ۣΪɱ֮¡
ЦЦû˵ϱȷʵɱԣȷʵɱ˲ˣҲӲ⡣
ЦЦЦ֪ЦүȴһƵӸòᡣ
֮үӻ̾Ϣһϴϻ۵֮꣬ӢŵҲۼȫҵҲûСϷҲȰ¼ҳֻΪ⻼Ҫȶʱ֡͢ʩвԱСõ߶ʧ߹ĵűǡ
衵дûСȡ֮һ֣ҪֻһС
游ΪԵ£໹ܳŵʱζ϶Ʊǲ壿衻Ǹ̬ȣһһȴâ¶˿ֻ֮ǰ⣬ϵĻᡣԽƣԽõϢĻᡣ
㱳ôүӳһʧܣǧŵҪα
ֺԾһǿһ
㵹Ը
ǣԸֻڳʵ
һۣЩ͡
ҲûзǸүִ˵үӰӣҲǺȰЦЦתϵ游δ¹壬һ֣
үӿִӣ֪Ȼ̾˿ϰɣСտɾˡ
һµ˰˵һֳٳٲүӼˣŰսԴһ⧲衺үӼԼһʱ񣬲Ȼ䡣ԳҪ£һֱµӮΪֹ
Ҵڲ뿪ǰүӺһöӡ£ɸʲôһ˲Ϊⶫ
ȻҲ;˾˵ġ
ɱ𣬡үӸףߣϽߡ
ЦЦҶһϵûãҶξͿų˯ˡ˵ҵľĸɩӶʮֺӣϤͬһҲˡ
Ҷ˯˯ţȥ
֨ѽ֨ѽջߣϦͷŽɫӰ޳ߵջſھҵĽŲƿһߵĳӿȥһӴű׵ҴҾֵˣǸŻŽֵϵ˱ʡ
衻ҶΣһǰһ
ȥԺͣǲߵջſھͼһžַСܹǱ޵ģһۣƺǴδò˳ڵŮòŻع񡣶˶٣óʷǺˣӺδеˡ
衽Ҷһѱõ˵Ӧԡ
ַĿ䵽衵룬ԴӡҪ˵ʲôԱҶͷƳһۻ񡣲ò˵ʱĻĺ˶ϡƽٺرһ˵Ŀռ˼άҶο˰Ҳ˭֪Ǹ͵Ůӡ˵ĻҶͲ³Ⱥ˭
ַƼҶκ棬Ҷ˵Ŀͻࣺƣϵã
衵üͷš
Ҷûע⣬ֻҡͷƲƲʶ
˴شһǲѵϸˣ򣬿ôһ£ջ޵䵽ҶϵĿ⣬ؿһƲֵ˵Ҫ´˴󶼻ָҪˡżˣǧĪ˽
˵ţصǿһ䣺ͷŭǻòʧ


101 
˵ˣַҲŮòȿžͲһˡЩⱼµʵɫµǻɨһַۣӱ֪ʶȤ˺˼ٿҶ̫
ͬʱ衵мΧ
˸䶼ǹ嵶ÿ·ŲغᣬȻǻ֮ˡַӼɵв˿˵̬Ҳú
ǲδϵˡҶǣȥԴʡҷ޶˴̽׵ģǼ׾Ѱ˲޸ϵ
˵ϸʲôݣܰѻ׹ڲϵ˱ضܼ򵥡Ĵ󶼻ץΪĴѡڽҶʱû㽫ϸ˽ܳУȻԽԽãȻ³Ϲϵ
˵ⷬҲ˵ѣϾĻȷʵ
ַӲ֪ûУĿ衵䡣صͷһӣ뿪
һߣֵϵ˲Ÿ߶
ջĻƲЦС߳ҲҶεĻҿ˿ѹˣǿǻˡŷ̫̫ȻܳȥôҲסһ̫̫ʲô£͸ͻȥʱĿģҲû¡
ײĶô
ҲûײԴĵһ㡭ƶʱЩ֧֧ġ
ҶüͷҲû˵ʲôֻһȥ
ĿҶεıӰݣתͷԶæ뿪Ĺٱĳ
ˡˣ˵ǻʵҲĵս
衳Ųڴ̫ˣѡĶʮָ߳ˡ˵ǳ䵱ˣʵǰ衴̽ϢһЩ̧̨ϵ¡
衵ͷȽȥɣ˵
үǰöӡ£ʵݵӡ¡
İң˵ϵĲﶼ͢ûЩǳûߵġ
˵˵ء
ڴླڿмٶ꣬ǰ㴴ˣʮҷֵꡣÿһֵƹ߳ȥˣҵĹ£ǸƳĵط
Ե࣬ҪǣӵзǳӴĲ顣ֻرҲʮҸصֶҵҪΪصĺѧṩϧ鰮ѽֵĲ顣ֻרΪ츳ڷܵѧṩ׬Ǯ·ӡ
Щ±СôѾ˵ʱ鼮ʮ֮żֻȨ˽ղأ±Ǿ޽Уѧܳŵڻ߾õƸӴֽȨˣǼΪҹǧ¡
˰꣬ڴǰһݣɼڶеĵλ
ұ֮ǰҽת˰ķѣ˽ﻹҵġֻһأﲻˡҲϡ
衺ҶΡ
ǵģһӡ£һ塣ӡϣүҵǸҶεʱû˳קҶΡҶ񻹲֪ԼǸʲôϸסǼȥ
ǹŵģ⾲ĵġҲ֪ϸ˯˻ôҶƿͷҲ
ѵ˯ˣ
ϸӲãӺ飬ϴֻ˰ҩֻҪһҪ˯áҶֹţѾ߽
̧һ̫̫ڴ߶Ŵ⿴ѴģжŤͷͷһϴİģȻˡǿŵģľϦӰϳһľζС
Ҷһ㶣վԭû̫̫㣬ˡ
ţˣⲡһһġ
ϸ˸˸ʹĶͷҶ߽˾ȻЦӣ˵Ҵġлӵʹ󣬵˷財ʱʱͿĸˡ
ҶȷˣʱҲЦǾ֮ͣҳݡ
ϸЦЦҶǱĶ
ҶĲִ٣ʱϻȥʱѡӸζ衽ģǰûеĶ£ϸ˵ĿҶεŤͷȥһ˫۾㱵ضŴ⡣бǸǻ̳һֻĦزš
ޱ飬һһȴԳʮֵį뱯ʹ
ҶԴǰŵʲôԺѾµ˴ŵĹ¡ʧڴˡ
һҶŤͷϸˡ
ϸ־ѵʱ򣬿мŵʡ˵ʱ˼ҵ˼òѵϸѵģЩ黹ǵ
죬Ҷεһϸ˵ע
˵ҶεһʱһϵؤڻĽҰ뱻Ӵ֮ػֵһЩʳطϹҵĻ˵ĳĿģҶǲž˸̫̫ϾˣҶβ֮һֱܹҪ뿪ġ
˼Ƭ̣ҶҲĨǾֱʳ̫̫ǰʲôˣ
ţ
Ҷһڣǿżɽ
̫̫ƺû뵽Ҷλôʣ˶٣ʶԼĲӡȻ󾭳һģʱ˸աϹŵĶˡ
Ҷμ״΢΢һû˵
ϸ˵ûҶΣֻ˹ǻ̳ȥҡ
ĵҶδ󣬲ñ˶ģǶںĿǸͨͭơֻݲݵøӴϣʲݡһֱҲû͵áҲʶؾÿֵǮĶá
ʱڴ˰ûҵʱȻعʶҶܲµпϳ˻ǣϳ˿϶ߡ
ϸ˶ʱɫþŤͷҶΣҲϹҵǸơ
õġҶκ̹ʵĳˣҷԸ˸ϴʱ㲱ȡġ̫ܸ֪ô
ֱ˵̫ҲñɽƱˡ
վԭûж֫ɲشҶΡʮ߰ӣʮòôȴʶݹҲ򵥡пҲǽˡϾʶʵ
ԥãҶε㵽Ǻˣ
һˣǰ
Ҷεһ˵֮Ի²̫밲Ĺϵʵһ·̫Ļˡ󶼻ͨؽ͵ȡرϸˡ̫㲱ϵǿ鶫Ƕʧر
˵ŻҶνļٵžһŵϡ
̫ƣҶû˽̣һĻˡ
߬һ𣬽ļʱͷҶֵ۽ĵ̾˿̧߻˴Ҷαֵ̹ϣҲ˼Ƭ̣ͷǰ󶼻ķˡ
˵ţͷ򻢷Ĵ󶼻ǼӣƷ
ӣҶε㶡
ǣ̫˳ǣü֮еɫŨˣ޶Ů
Ҷ΢΢һüͷ󶼻һְȻУĹְֲϮƶȣḸΣ
ͷȻèģ߼ԡʵϣľλܹϮУְǳ͢ʡ⡣
Ĵ󶼻Ǹ棬ضɳָ͢һΡ͹Źˣǰδ󶼻ȥ󶼻ķ˴Ż䣬ȴö֮ļλӲռ˸ۡԴ󶼻ʧԵͨĸʲô׵飿
Ҷβ˼㣬ǲǴĴ󶼻ʵԲ˳ͷҲûл
ʵϣⶫ˵ǸھȴҪãǺǧҪ
ⶫ͸ʵ۵Ƶģһʵ۵ûֵȨԲ˳һûлҲָӲǧɲ¡ֲϸ˸ЩֵҪ󣺲ˣǲζţİ󶼻ǸƤġ
ֻ֮Ҫаѱƴ󶼻·׽˸
ص˵Ϊ׮ô
ĥأߺȻϸ˵
ϸ˽ٵĻһ˲·غã֪ʱҶεĶ档Ҷ̧ͷָһʵӣǿεĺ๫ô
ţҶԣ̧ڿĵط
ǵطվһ޳ӣڷ磬ԡΪһ⣬Ե÷档վģ٣ֻһ˫۾ǡˣ衡˵͵
ĿŤҶڿ۽Ц
Ҷٿһţ๫
м־нľٶǵԱߵϸһЦϸƺС޵ĸʮָȤĿأЦҲůûͷ·İˣʱ²ع۲ˡҶãɵسҶεò
ûмģøĹˡϸ̾һת˲ֿ衣๫òҲǺĿ
ҲɲŮòʮ䡣
Ҷαмֲ˼ǫ˼䡣
ЦҶΣ׼ˣ
ת̫е漰˽ˣҶЩʵüʵ̫ϰ߸лҳϸ˵ͣҶǻ˻ճײãһ겻ʱա
ֲø˺ԶŶҪһߣð
⻰䲻ظҶ˵衷ǰһߣҲȫΪװ硣˵һ·Ҳûжװ磬·ǹ̽׵ġ
ôҶοһۻڳЦ衣ƲƲ졣
ðɣʵͦġһﶼûġ
ʱֿˣ˱һӵĸϸȴظп˶ʮԺ󣬺Ȼһ۾ɤҲЩʡ
ʱ޸Ϳʱ޲һϢ˳յĹֺ建䲻Ǳ˭ܸоĵıʹ
Ҷæ¶ﳶӵݸ
ϸȴڰ֣ŲԶԾԶ֪͸ڿ˭ЦЦűʵ๫ʮ꣬δй๫ʱ𣬻Ȼȫʱģ
ҶΣܸڰ
̫ȴһ˲ħϣŲԶһһε־ЩԺˣ·̾һһ״ʣ֣֪١
˵࣬󲻵ãԹᣬ롣ʧ¡
ҶνߵĻȥ
ǰ㲻֮ͨˣʱ׷ʱЩ̫ζȥһˮһƵ̫ǰ̫ԹԵ߶ҶҪԺץǷǣ֮ôŮ׾죿
ûˣûˡһ˲ʣһҲʣ
ϸ˵ŻһֻĦԼһָֻԵҲҪ۵ġٲʱ֪ϧȥ֪Ƴ֪һգұҲǰ
ҶգЩӡ
ҲûȰ⣬δ˿࣬ĪȰˡָľ֮ĻͻˡҶξԴʱϸ˾״̬Ѿܲס̼ˡҲ˵ֻһԡ
ﰲģûˡ
̧ͷϸ˵Ƥڹǻ̳Ѿ˯ˡ
˵ûʲȻҶδܲ³ô¡Ѷϼ£ǽ̫˴
Ҷδ˵ƻŤͷһ۴ϵˣͷš
ʱɫؼ佥ҹɫ֡ѻȸɵؽţҶδϸ˵Լס˲ڣĲѹһš
Ҷüż
żֻ⼸ҪȥһˣպŻ顣ҶǵÿϿҲ̣Ҳɫɫ
ڳˣȥֱ˻¡
壿ҶβүӸһ񡣽õʱ˵ɫЩ֡Ҷβ²ǸʲôƷļֵ϶Զ屾ļֵ
˵ƣƻ뵵õġҶǰõƻ忴澹Ȼĸֵ֣ıʶգգ۾ΪԼյƹգȷʵСԼ棬͸⿴塣
֣ʲôүӸҼҵ̣
ֹţҶνЩʳ˵ûо彻ȥʲô̫һҶԼܲµĿġϾ󶼻ڹȡ
ЩʳҶҲˣһ죬ǽˮԡ£ɵ˯
衲֪æЩʲô£չȥһϢûС
ҶİΣҶεҲţٱǸʮְȫĵطڳڣл棬õɧšҶ⼸ҲûţľĴѰʺֵĵطԼ˼õķʽ
ŵʲ˵ر࣬Ҷرĸ˴ιǧϡֺӲǴͷͷܹͻֲˡ
ǮţϾǮƶڼңǮֵȥͶг
⼸գҶ˸ͦˣĴֿ̡
ٳǵشϱߵĴǳأ˵ǽΪжελá仰˵λøʵ񣬵ϸбʵ
Ǳȶȣõı߻ͻ͵ϮҲůֲҶմȸһ̵飬ǻ˴ǮһɽͷİĶء
Ǻ񡣻֮ʢ񡣵ɽôģУ䵽ҶͷϵļʺСҶθصģ˿֮·һصء
ıʯϹ󲿷ִȥԭҴ˵ͨɳĮɳĮбȻơƵĻǲֳ֬棿֮⣬˵˹Ϲ֮硣ΪȻ͹գʢƷĹϹԼֲҲܸЧضڻʳ
Ķػ˽ǧӡҶδѰһ׵ȶڵչʳǱҺʵ˿ܡʣֻȱͥѰá
֮⣬ĶҲܷһֳֻϵ֬оɣҲҪġ
ҶεҰȼգÿնæĴҴܡת۾ʮչȥԼǸһġҪĳ˯ҹűӸŪѣҶζ๫ڹȡ
۾ҶʶشͷذסȻһǳɵػӵȥ
һֽסؽ˸˴ϡҶڿһڵվڴ߿֪ʱġĵĿ䵽ϣЦæǲЩ͸๫˭
ҶεȻæǮⲻǣҪӣɫ˰£ɲ͹˲ϱģ๫ôְҹ
ô֣ѵû
⼸˵ڹȣһֱйעҶε״˽İҶθŪȻǵİΣСæòֺ͸ڼһûûΣ
û˵ð
пôֻˣ
˵ҹҶʡԹؼ֣塣
衺һذ׻ҶΡҶͷ棬ʱҲѵòˡ˵Ȼȥϴһ°ɣսüͷ˱濴ûʲôҶαӼ⣬ŵϵѪô£ˣ
һСˡһ˵һѵѣѳˣͷºһƬ㲻⣬ֻҶεǲǴҩҲţҰһ¡
ҶΣʱܵˣôʱ
ҩҲࡣͼƿҩһƿ컨͡˵ҶλЩǸԼõģ֪衻ˡԷһ˻ʹҹܻҶе㲻ˣȡҩʱѾϴãϰվڵ¡
ա
ܵ㲻úôϵҸҩҶľһ˿ڣҩĹֶûðϵһл
ҶһԵذҩװȥбۿ
衿ɫסӣˣ
קס˸첲Ҳ߲Ҷβ˵
ң
ҶδȾƣ۾ҲѪ˿ϻˡҶҲ֪ʱԼʲôľֻѿڶһ仰ʰǲǾԼ
ţ⻰˵ͻȻһ㶡
ƶԼŻ޿֡ĪҪΪЩĪĿԼνȫȻ֪ѪҲǻġҶʵǰںܲˣ̬Щ仯Լƺģؿھһŭա
ƻ΢ҡҷˡ߹µļֻʣһ̣ࡣóȥ̺۵ҩ˿Եòô첲ҲеˣҲС
ǣҶΣ
㲻̽ңں㣬ѪҲġҶζ˿ã̾˿ʰĪɬʰⱣԼ
ס˶٣ͷһЦСô˲һ
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衴µһף
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衣
Ҷοڴߣڷ֪ʱɢ߹ȥָ̧ɢϵͷļͷͷһ¡衴۽زţҶĺתߣ۾ﶼѪ˿ˡ˯һɡ
ҶεǷ⣬衵ȴ·۹ޣ
ã̧ԼձͷСֹһ䣺ΪСֻ˼ƲŽ˵ǣҵϲ̫ǳˡ


102 
衻ĴգٳֶѲʱڰҰˡ֪ȥһǲйϵҶ⼸ճŶСĽࡣ
õֻȥٸҶĥ̡ڳϽϿλá
Ȼ֬ˮۣӵλȻúúѡƹҲðźá붫Щ룬ҶƹġӴҶο࣬Ǻ⡣
֬ˮ⣬ѡƹ֬ˮбȽ˽⡣ҶθƫòұƷζ͸ЩˡǶױݺɫмصŮӡǵʱŮͷ¶٣ҶҲ֪ҪЩˡſһЩƫҲˡ
ʼΪеһӡ󣬳ú̸ŵҲܸпøС
Ҷæµ˿С£һʮҵĸˡղܣ硣ԭˣԵٶӡ๫Ƕˣ岡޷߶ֻɸ˿ơ⸾˱֬ˮҲʮ˽⣬ΪҲƵҶοǹʮѡղѡ
䶨֬ˮʱûгƷϻضԺðšڴ֮ǰҶγʱҲ˹ɡ
æȻ죬̺ˣûľٶ
Ҷǲ֪ѡ˾ЪϢ˺üգЪϢ⼸վȥӡ
ٳڵ˿ܶ࣬ԭǱҪѺȥ˿Ʒֶ࣬ϵȵв٣Ҷ⼸ûĴ䡣Լû״ó˿񣬸ɴ׼ȥҶǡ衵Ҳ٣ҲףЩ
˷òʲôɫÿʲôʽܼԦ
Ҷα֮ЩͷɴӸֿʽһס
ȻȻܡʱպƺȻ֮ҲƲæˣҶθ䡣˵Ҳÿһܳŵסջ֦չѣÿһ׶лһ˵ĸоҶǸݳϷװ޽ЩӰģ衴ʱ˵ԵĴõĶҶθ˲֪ĴԿţǾҶΪһǧ
һģὡ˶񣬾ͷ·һϸС
жŵûпʲô쳣һˮж⻨ڵСʮֲммͬʱֲزסĽͼʣޣҲһúÿЩ£
ǲԼҧ˿С¡Ǳжˡ
󶼻ʧԣʧıǻĴһ˲ڹȳը˹ĵȻŹᣬðͷ׼Ĵ󶼻뷽跨
ʵϣ󶼻һְǳְ͢ûӳиҵϮһ˵Щ߻ʵԶ벻ͨ͢ѿذȻĬؽϢġٳűôҲֲƿСǼҵӡǼ϶Ļõ϶һĸӵסıȨŽһЩ˲
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һʱٵϢɣִԶСȳڵƱ͵÷·һ
Ҷ˵֪ڵʲôԼ顣
ĳհҶβŴ̻ڿջǰײһһˡҲ֪ӺδõϢ·ǰҶƵġҶһӭ
ԳǼҵ̫ͣʹӡԳƴӱ߹ٵһջϢЩ·ҵٵģ˵̫һòʮֳڵַ̼򸾸ߡ
һ˵ŻһĨ᣺Դһȥһҹ֮ˡ
긾˺ƸпһصմδˣȥҲû̫ľٶȻŴ˵Ĺǻ̳ܳȥҵȽź˶û뵽и˱£ҳһࡣҵܣûסˣȷʱѾ֪١
˵УҶã衡
衵û̫ķӦûֹ˼Ҷ˼Ƭ̣ڵɡ
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ڿջס˴£ֻ̫һѵģͶججû־ˣտ̫ҲûŪ֮ǰôǱҶδһһ굽̫ӣһϱŹǻ̳̫۾Ѵѵµ
긾˿̫ݵһͷȫ׵Ӻޣˣôôͱӣ㣬Ȫ֪ضܱ۰
ϷǶమһˣʳסУСһͷ˿ҡǰһͷڷż¾ȫˡ˻дʵġŪ㲻˲ӣǽױչʹʹĿ
̸һ̸ɡ
Ҷΰ˴Լݣ衶ڴߣʵ衣
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С¯ˮüۣҶ۾Щ˵ӡ̧䴽ЦЦȡһСյһַһӰסı˹ظҶһ衣һĶˮĿ

Ҷ̧һڣʱһ
˵ƽ裬ʵƷ衣ò˵һŪȷʵúࡣţˮĴ˶ܳһЩҶβɵطƤˡ֪ǷĴܾһһĪطɧࡣ
ʲô衺ܻҶεĴЦôң
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̫ʱһˣ˹һӵܡ÷һ𳤴ҲֻԸΥܳɻ顣ֻһŮȻǲŮ޶ҵġ̫С㱻˴ֻ׸һ·סǧҲ𡣡
һڲ軺̫ǲܽܡңʱӡκ֮ȴûļᶨģȢɱ䣬

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ǵ㵽Ϊֹδü˵Ĵݹ˭⻹ͷһáʮֽݡһˡ
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衸˸䣬ЦЦƺһ֮ˣֻһ仰̫֮㱻ѹǐ˻飬ȴһֱûз¹¡ǐɻʮֱǐ֮ǰֻž˺;¡
Ҷζʱһ˶٣ʵʲôһֱž˾£
衼һ˲øӣʱ̲סЦ˵˵ֻ̫һ䣺ΪΪ˳ɻʮ꣬ϥ²һӰŮأ
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¶ˣҶһɫһ죬ණһסˡ
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ץץͷЩ˼顣ʱ̫Ϊħģй۾Щˡ˵İɣûûôжˣ㣬ǵ׮ǿʲôʮģ˵ǸͷֵŶҲԣҼҴƴҲ벻ˡ
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ôܳʮꣿӲǶǳԲÿôҶ仰˵⣬ȴһ仰ʵʡ
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衱Ը̸˼£ҶŮӵЩвĽȸС˵ǐ̫֮ľʵҲΣԴһܴ̫ǹȳĺͿˣ֪Ĳݰˡ
ǵȲظָ첲յŮӣ̫ȵġ
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һһˣ̫Ϊˡ
ҶüͷýֺͷҲܲµ̫˵Ǻ顣ΪȻ÷һ˵ǳʱʱһ˵ĸŹҲûкӹǼִ̫ⲻǐĸԸ˵ĺӣҲǺ˺
Ȼ벻Ǹã໥ĥʮ꣬Ǻαأ̬кãҶǰ˲
˭֪衴ʼն̫оۣǺ֪ɡ
ҶΣҿȥĺ֪
˵˼ҵļ£ҶΪ˲Ҫ̫Ͷ롣
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͢ƣҲϡ֮¡͢ˣ衵ûôˡס۵׷Ĺ⡣
ҶһҲǣླڵĻȷʵ١
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ǐ䰮̫ݼڵ۰ӣȴζǼӻĴм衵
Ļֻ֪ϣ֪ҶγĬˡ
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Ȼỹȥֱ׳
Ҷһ̬ȣʱһ԰۸ûҰǸٵĸˡ
üȻЦҵĸǡ

ɫҹɫ٣Ѱ˵ǼҾҲ̫лҶ衡ҲûԵĶлֻǸҶһöӡºһơ
Բ˵Ҷθ̫ǸٵĻӡ¸һǱȻҲǲ
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⸾˺ƻ飬˵秵ġ
ҶƳһǸٵƣҵӡ¾Īм֡˵ܰ˵ǸǣҶȴе̫ˡһϸ˾ͼ˼ҵҵֲʲô֮Ů
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ƬûҶʲôʦʱԹԵؿˣµ鲼̣أͣ󣬶С˽ҵҵ͵˵Уһ󡣻һӦ
ڴ󶼻ɹļͣȻġ̫һá˵һ۵籦ȴҲϲС긾˱Ǳ̫Ů۰ģС̫̫׽ҲĴ߶ȻҲмʶġ
긾һ·ʵͲµûô򵥡Ҳûа취룬ͶҽƬ̱Ľȫг
긾ҪĻ˵ĸϸЩ
ʵϣǼҵȷʵ˵̫ʱ÷ĸҹӣǸҹȢҲ֡
㣬ҲȫҼҷ֮
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Ҽҷ˺Ϳ㱨ӦҲֲˡԨأ
긾ἰǺ޲ѪԨǼҵģǼҵģҼҴ̵ְֽɲšȻֲ֮żһҼҴ˲أɱˡζҪ
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Ҷգգ۾ӡžһŵϣȻûа׳Ե͡
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䣬긾Ĩһؿͷ
Ҷһ˲۾عǡʵϣ긾˲ɵҶθɵֻǽҴ£˲һҲֺ
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Ҷεһ˲˭ǵģ
䵽ڵϵ긾ϡ긾һƺû뵽º͵ҶξȻҲôʱ򡣶ڵϺðΣĿİͰ͵ؿڣһĹӡλֱԣֻҪҵȷеĶǼҵĳһñ
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Ҷε˵ŭֻ׮¿ɴС衱ϾЩɰᵽ̨ϵ£Ǳ֮˷ֲΧ׷½أʱҪɥġ
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ʱѵõУ˺ƾ͸ɴ಻ˡҶ߹ȥԼؽ긾˵Ļһ顣ЩĻ᲻⣬ȴû̫ķӦֻֽҶ˵֣䡣
Ҷһ㶣գգ۾ʶͷ衹⣺ǹҪģ
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ܰҶ֮ǻعˣ๫ÿض˱ҩģá
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ҶΣ
衣
һֱӰҶθ˸˵
нᡭﲻԾֹҶ۾Ծ˳ϴĻ˵衵ȷʵܳ衵ԭǴҶεļϡôţĪֲóľȡϴɬǰǿ³
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ҩҳԡҶֵʵҼ๫ڳԵġ
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˵⣬ʵˡ˵׾ǱҩЧûס衣Ѿˡ
ҩԺӺĸӰôץؼֱ룺ӻᣬŲҪ̫òŻ㡣ƽз֮ǰһ᲻ĸ𺦣
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ҲǺᣬٺҲסϴһдҩһ߻ûסڻԼӣҪκþˡ
˵꣬ҩ衣ôҲץҩһץЩҩ
ҩҶЩ£侲ʵÿҪǻɳûãԭҲҪ⧲Сֻô˿·ƶˣ䵽ϣȥġ
鷢˱仯ȻҲԡ
ʱŷ֣ԭǲϲӡֻҪһ뵽ҶεĶĺӣ͵Դ̲סյġһѹס籡ϲã򶨵ؽϴ͵ſڡǳĵرʾһضȥȡҩϴʮӵǮ
ԶˣصڣҶξ̲סľ
Ҷα£ǾеԲ·ôȻͻˣ
˴㶵ش۵С۰죬衵ûסЦ죺ұضȫ׼ĸӵģġ


104 
Ȼ֮ı仯ƻȻҪӦĵԭҶδǴ˽ĵġǷ޶˳һǾ࣬ʱճ˿϶ӰΪ˶ž飬衲Ҷδľ
Ҷλ˺ӣȻһҶεİΣΪ
ԭͻȥ˽ﻹʮֲġѾ˯Ƶ̾˿ǱӦϱκŮӷϣⱲа֮ûûΣ롣
һ衲ű۾˯¡
ˣǿʯͷҲȵһ졣
һ磬ѾȥشýҶҪԵҩץ˼òãС¯Լ塣Ҷλû۾ŵһŵҩζûĵҹԵĶ³űӴӴͷҵڼϣ๫ʲô
ҩҶδõæȡݹȥעⱣů
Ҷʵ䣬Ѿ·ˡ˵峿Щ⣬ֻҪ磬һ㲻ġ衵ݹ˳ڼϣͿСðˮǹɬĿζǴӵð
˵ԿţⶨȻҹϴ˵ҪԵı̥ҩ
ҶüͷҲûн顣¹ԼӣóԵҩ١ɫŽȸ֦ѾСҶȥﻻѵͬʱջѾ˸ɾˮҶοٵϴãûüҩ̫ҶΡ
ͦ磬ʳûñˡ
Ҷ˼Ȼû£긾л˵
긾˻ߵĶ̴򣬿ӾþˡҶ΢¡µҶβ֪֡ҵİشһ֣̫ƺΪһҵϹܼң̫һӡ
˱ԨϳԺһֱѰҷ˵̫
ܷˣҵȴ㼴ȥͥҶεĻԺ˾жҶΣǳҶҲûбķ롣ԨڵǣƵ£ֻбץķݶ֪ܷ˳ŵ˰ٵĻ׼
ȻҶ˵˵һĭһҲسŵֻȥʰұǡ
ʱ¶ϲɫֱ˵ʰңֻҶεİš
ȻˣԵƬ̡ҶͷЩ˵ģ⣬бĴ㡣ǣ衰Żס
㣬Ҷһ˼㽫Ǵ򷢻ȥתͷȥѰ衡
˲УϴĻһûôۡһˣȥشȡҩԺӵʯԱ߼ҩ֪ĶŪľ´룬ר־ؽ֮еҩ
Ҷķ϶©ռͷĵĹߡ̧ͷҶζʱ۽ǡ޳ذ׵ָŴֲڵĵްѱ··γһǰĹΡ
ò̲һơ
λøպϷڣһ紵ҶνŲһͣǹҪҩζûҶθѬˡ
ҶΣ
ţôˣûĶŤͷ
ҶüͷĵƳһðĴ룬˵ʵ鲻ҩֶҩǺѳԡԥƬ̣ű߹ȥͷŤһ衵ǰԼؽ̫˵˵
̫˵ӦðɣҶ˵֪飬Ҳ֪һŵġ衵־ٶԼܲ³Ĵ㣺ȥ̨Σ˵д㣿
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ͷŤȥ衼һ²룬գգ۾̲סЦģûŻ
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衱ɵЦתƻһᰲ˰ȥͥġ
̫ȷʵ˵ãôС֮٣Ϊˣһᰲ׵ģҷſġ
˵ԨߵЩνĸʵǿǐĶϲŻԨΨǴӡЩ֪ǐԨйأ̫վָԨ֮߱£Ȼ֡˻ֶԸԨһң°׵öࡣ
Ҷô˵ˣͷУһ˵๫ӡǸˣ
ţһüͷ˶٣ʶҶ˵ҵӡ±ͷЦȻǸšڹǮƷԶʤҡ
ҶΣѳһ˵ֱ׳ֻˡ
ôЦﲻô
ҶΣ
˰죬ҶȫûҩƳһ¡Ŀҩ֮ת˼Σ׻ѡ˲ҩٿҲúȣ˶
ҶΣ
˼ãҶûסһ԰ֶۣ롣ⶫ֪ʲôҩİģϵĲҩšֻűӣ׼һơȻžવһʯͷȻȵ衵ĺϡ
ʯͷҹ衵ĺף˳ļʯһ졣Ҷ衵Ŀͬʱ䵽ǿʯͷϣʯͷļǲֻմ˺Һ壬Ѫ
һԼĺףһֺ죺
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ǶҶεʱ˵Ŵ죬ﻹŵİʯͷ˳¡صһ׼ҵ衵ĺס
µ衣
Ҷϲ⣬˵ԴǰȥԺûиҶÿضȥפԵլ֮þöûм㣬ҶζΪԼܹɽˡû뵽ôԶĵطܼ㣺ôˣô
һԾ£ۿžҪҶεϡۼֿһײ󱳡
ֻצץ衵ĺ󱳺һţһͷɵءȻ˹ߵҶεߣɺͷҶεֱ
ҶĴԴδֳࡣͱһǴ࣬мˡϵëͻ˳ݷצҲʮֵļ񡣿óһֻҲúܺãǲôܵģò͵͵İɣ
ɤصţȻͺ˳µҶεĽűſ
㣬ҩҲúȡе˵ùˮ졣衵ùҲܱǵʯͷԴҶοһģ̲סЦҲͦϵһڽҩȥ
ҩǱ̫߰뿪ٵҲ׼׵֮ǰֹҶοͷлҶζ̫ľֱ֮Ҷξȵüʱ̫ʱģ϶档ҶεҲҾֻʾǰؼѾ㹻
ʾ¶ܼҵ飬Ŵ̫衵Ļ£Ϣ뿪١
һߣҶλص
ﾲĵģͷſţҶ߽ÿ衶ڴߡºϲŭɫĳģʱɫѿ÷·һֻӬΪգҶһǾϡ档
ͷ˵ùڼʯͷ
͡
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㵹ҲɣﵽһȦᵽҶϤζڴͷλſ
ţһĮʵӡŪŽҩͺ컨ͣĪмֿͰ͡
Ҷεķ֣ķ
ںڵͷһ£ɢ䵽ͷӳĵݡɢͷǿĺһ˺ôһϻմ˵ѪǱʯͷļǿĵġ
ðɣҶеķˣҪҰɡ
ͷϣԼҲòҶνӹҩһۣʯͷǿĳѾֹѪʣһܴİŪʪ衲ѪգŪøɾЩصһε컨͵ƿһ㵽ġˣࡣ
ôİ࿪öáһ£衾Ͳһ¡һ£ٲһ¡
ҶûһΪͭأԭҲ֪۰
ʵǸ۵ͨӡ衴ͷɥ
ҶΣ

Ҷһ࿪Ѫһ߾ЦȻ֪ҴţЦЦеƲס͸ŲסزĵعȰ๫ɣ£ȥɡҾܻᵹùյ͵ˡ
˲۷ɨѵþȵصЦˡ


105 
һôˣʵҲЩס졣
˵£衶ǲүõŮǰϡŹֵࡣնôҶθǰ͸ùƵġ̾һΪԼҶʣӢе䡣
ľһҶθԴҩְ˱
лӢôã衵ûסĵðôһ仰
Ҷ䲻ģûЦ硣
ԴǰˣУڷ٣üĿ续һòôȳƵı˻е˵˼ֵܴ֮ķϣҶξûǶһ㣺Ӣ귽ڵʰò绨
衣
ʵϣǿʯͷʵǺֻܴгͷС
Ͼҧģһҧ̫Ҳҧסƶ̫׼ˣŸҳҶξЦĲ衣ǵһֻȮƶʯͷٶ˾棬ӡУèưŶԡʵѾҲֻкЦķݡ
๫˵㵽ʲôе㣿Ҷĺܺ棬Ѿǵһôˡ
ʵһֻǣö˻ѭ򵥵ָ¡ҶλܸϵϺıһ˵Ҷߵ̬ȶơҪôǵ̱ި￡ֵҪôǲǣϺҶǡƶȷų̬ȴֲ˺˵ģֻһҶĪһϿìܸ
ĵƳҶΣҲ˵׼
˵ȥԭﱧġֻӱȽ֮õҪѡģڼУҲιʳ仰˵ʵǣǲ
ԼĪɣ衵һ˼⣬˶Ȼ˼ԼһֻǣʱҲڼУʱʱߡ
Ҷüôһ˵еġ̸ߵСʵСһ
ôһ룬Ҷһ˴ĺ̲סЦΪһֻǣţרŵʯͷȥ衵ԴҲˡ
ԽԽЦ
ľЦ˲һסҶεɥҪ󽫵ϳȥ
ΪʲôҵߣƷ˲پҶôİϳȥ
ҹҧҡ
ܡµ㲻ûɹʵ
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ĬĬظϺҩҶξ͸ض顣
ԭΪԼҪΣز١ֵ衴˽һ˱뷨˵飬ǱҪʱ˵ĸ鲻ҪʱһҶαҲôϣʼΪһ㷽ܳá
̫ͳȥˣҲд
ܳ⣬١̨Ǳ߽ʱţûгӣʼջҪ衾ϻȥȻˣûκηŸ¡ҲΪҶһ׸ҶȻһõѡ
ҶԼҲ¡˵ҪΰᵽԨ°Կ϶ǣʲôº͵ֶΡ׳Ϊ衵㡣һ˸ץס롣
ȷʵҪߣҲһʱ
ʱ򶼲ϣҶôϻۣ̫ϻˣټԼģ㲢˵ԼŮӣֻϣҶֻܹסҶε֫ȻؽҶεľࡣϲ·ȫӵˡ
·ͻȻЩȻҪšҵգȫ׼ߡ
ҶεҲż˵͵ͷãҲвҪ๫ͷŵùܰŸҡҰ˹ڻҪŵùס˿ء
衴Ƭ̣ͷȻ˶һȥС
֮⣬һӺ顣ͷܸɵƹ񲻺Ұ
ʱ˻׬ǮϵŮӡ
ҶأĥͷʽЧ󻯵
ﶼѾˣҶҲѾˡѾҪ֬ˮ֮⣬ȻɵøһЩǱߵĿ֪֬֬ƵΣĿ϶Ӻ滨ࡣһӴʳһʩꡣ
Ŀǰҵһõƹƹûȥ㡣ʱִ٣ЩҲܼһʱøŲүһ
Ųүֱһֱ֣˵ǰҲڴ˾ũµģũѧ֪ʶʮ
ְΣܱүŪ£ũѧϿ϶һˢӵġҶԭ;öȵ׵ǰĶũµ˺ͷ̫˷ѣãֳһŲҵϵ飬Ҷûעͷ衵̽
ҶΣܲһ㣿У๫˴ô㽻ģ
ҪӻŮ𣿡
Ħһ͡
ã̾˿ջֹسһҵıӦҵıӦ
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ȥԺĪһæҡ
놪£ʵСĺݣתͷͰ׵Ժ󣺡ǵʱǹңдš
ҶЩЦ˲ûô
ûߣǰ
ˣЩ黹ǵš衱һò֡

ٵԽԽţֵѲߵĹٱǰҪһ
ǰҶεû֤ݲƽ֮ЩԼҲѽģ̧ȥ˵סֻڰﶢţ˼û쳣иͷżʩѹǾֶҶòڳڵķ򸾡
Ϊ˸˽Щٱ˽ﻹ⽫ǰջϴץȥѯʡ֪С޵УʲôΪϸˣַ˾衣
衵İҲܿ죬յĹҵ˾Ѿ½½ߡ
ҶǵҹϻضġҶε˴һ֧СӣлСѾߣһгʮӦ
֮⣬Ҳ֮ϴһֻǣҶεĽűߡ
ԼĪһ£ұȥվڳϣͷҶ˵˼˵εԤϵסڼеһ
ҶεҲʯͷģ˵衱ǳϣôһǰƣϦദĵȻҲ᲻áĶҶ뵽ϴССˣֻһ仰ʰסһ仰мǱԼˡ
һ㶣ֻһ仰ͽﷺۣò۽Ц
򱾾ٲ̫Զһһҹ͵ˡ˼Ҷв̫һ·ߵúƽȡҲڵյ峿˶λƵͣ򸮣ѾҸĳܸǰյϢӣӭӣҲܻȥϱš
ҶɫŴ
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ҶεǴҹ뿪ģߵòִ٣˲϶֪Ǵ˸˵һöӴҹܻһˣֱӰѶϱ°ˡ
֪ϢָǶԶ᲻öϱ֪˴ϡϲ˵ĸȻΪִ֪硣
˲ʲôϿһ衶䣬ǸӣôΣյ鶼Ѿ˵ˣȻ޸֮ĶϱҲŪȥʲô£ҪǳҶи̵ģ˭ˣ
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ҶΣ˹ذҲůġ
ҶλЩʵ衵ĻڰﱣǷޡҶλضĻ衵ȻˡʱѾҶͻؾ͵ۻ١Ҷȥȷʵһ㣬ͷķʳóԣԵ١
һ˵Żһ߸ߡ
ҶøȥӵȶҶ״򲻶ÿնȥӡҶθϴȽݣͼԺݵĵཱུ̺Сޡ
һͷ۾һͷ۾װཱུۣģ·ĸޡ˵ųȥ£Сӳÿ죬һһ֮ǰССС˵ѾÿڳݲĻೳܣ־Ҳ󣬻
ިһһԵСϣҶ˹ҲҶε
˶ٿҲ첻壬ûͱһ档ݣʵܴһֻܰѰĶֱިĺ죬˸ﵽһȥިСЩײӡ
һ䣬Ҷߵ϶ʱһ㶡
գգ۾ҶΡ
ҶôŤʵͣˮɵҲûʲôñŤġ߻û˵أĿҶεתһȦֻ۾һ¾
ǺȡҶԱߵһһҡ
ҶεĿ϶ϵ۾⧲ͺˡ֪˶ãֱͦͦػվ⣬ƾסġԼжû˱˵ӲϴߴҶΣ˽ݷ¶ڣڵóԸ
úúãһ˵֣ϾȻһ˾ôҶεǰȥ


106 
ϺȻôֱͦͦصҶεǰûҶθǰὫϱͽݣһСȥҶλûüٺãʹҴҸϵݡһϾĵ۾ứؾ
һץסҶεֽУֻһ仰л
ҶαżôȻε仰ʱһ˵һܶϵ飬һҶǸоϺƱһƵģ˶ȸԾ
֣Ҷβ֪˵ʲôһԵš
ĺܿ죬ûһͱҩ
ֱ˵Լӹû£ˣɴ͸Ҷθ˶ãֻóһۣЩءӹЩûʲôëҶκһУҲ˼ءϴȰ˶ſ⣬ֻҶοһ㱣̥ҩ
ϴǳܼҵģҶζúܡҶ֪ҽ㽫ٵĴ򿪵ҩóϴƣ⿴򣬴Щҩ㿴ܳô
ϴһ˿ҲûвĴ˼ֻõһ仰ҩЩˡ
ҶһƳһ۰ͰߵϣѵߵĻȥÿضҩ¶ý֪ġͷҶαʾ֪лл㿴ǲҪЩҩţ
óҩҲãӹǺأϼҶʱ򻹹Ըˡ
ϴҲû˵ʲôͷˢˢдһҩǸóЩҩҹҲ˯ЩĲ˵ӹǻЩģúý;Ǻӵۡ
ϱƱ磬һҪ۱㽫ˡ
ܼȱǵҩǮ˾ͿˡϴдãҶξŷӳȥȥץҩϴûҲôҶȥЪţͽȥ
˵꣬Ҷϴӡ߳ԺˣҶβŽ衳ҩ˵ˡ
ϴһ¶üͷˣϻҾǲҳҩôؾͲأ๫ҲǱ£ҩܻϡ
ҶαѵЩΣæѹ˵Ѿҩ
˵ͳһƿƿ͵ģøϴ򿴡ϴһӹһҩţһﳢ˳ŵͷͶˡҿҲĪҩͰǰǴҩһ¡
Ҷμ״æصͷʾ֪ˡ
Īҳҩʱڲϴ֮ǰһ
µԽԽȣľֲѾװͷɹ˶Щͷ衣
Ҷõһ·ͷҪɢܡҲû£ϴкͻЪϢȥϣ֪Ҷ֮˸»ƵģϲġæطԸҩԼǮȥϴ
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һͨҶθպҲ˯һѹ˴λ˴Լ˺͵⣬˿ƥԼٵزһϾͻ赹ˣæ֮ҶζԼණ˽ȫǱִһѶ
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Ϻþû˿ˣ⻹ͷһμ˿˵ӲõģЩӱѾ̫ࡣԴ˱ŵһң¶ࣺ߰Ǹã
˵ŻҶõϢҴҸϻʩӵĳʳãò࣬ʣµĽȥܡŶͷϸϽк
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ϲù˭𡣡ҶμȻȻͲǵ㶫ССҲ㡣
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Ҷ죬˵Цۡ
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һһǼǰ̼ˣ˵ѮҪһ˻ȥ򡣡
ҶԵһ㶣ߵͻ˸ɾˣ
û⻰ǳ̼˴ģ̼ҼȻܻӦ˸ɾˡ
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ϲԣǼȵǱүӲģֵĶˣõúܡ
˵ţϵһ׮£ǰЩʱŻ˵
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ҶΣҶһӡ
֪ǲ̨ʲô£ȻƢ϶˵ݻ˵¶ЩģҶøϵ˯һã϶ҶҲм۰ġ
ҶõʵͦҪǿģԿ۶£ײſˡ
ⶼص˵ݿŸҶΣ˴ίҶεüͷϵҲ˵ʲôֻͷʾ֪ˡŻͷûǱ߰ĶﻹţҲȱˣþš
ĵ³һҶϰһ£˰˲ͽ˶ȥݡ滨ȱҩĵԺţǱȽų̼Ҫæ
Ҷ˼ȥȥפһˣչٺ˾Ͻгһ̨ԼЩʳ˼⳵ȥһׯӡĶҪ֣Ų¶³Щﻹܸʱ򡣹ʱˣҶȻż
ȥׯӣߴ󶼻ͱһα䡣


107 
һƬͨ죬ѻȸ鳲΢紵档
Ҷ˼Ž顣ѾƣԺҪԭսսѲƷʱͥͰȱȱǮƺʳһ̣֮ѹεذյǮƺʳ϶Ϊ̵ġ
衵ӣܻʶݣȴóղʳ֮¡ǵʱ͢սζùװȫݳľ£ŶҲǴӮġ
Ǳģƣö
Ҷ߸ֿʳķ˽֮һҡҶ֪Щܹͥʮ߱һս֧ܳšиﱣֲ֤ҳϵнάָġܵǵҵܹ衷һս
Ͼ̳ݣʳסжҪǮҽҩҲҪά֣Ҷͷûаҩĺҽ
ȥٵİĶһҪֲʳ޻ͲҲҪСҶĥǲǸðҲԸˣΪ˱֤Ľ׳ǲеġ
˼ȥǾԼ̫ˣǵ׬Ǯˡ
Ҷִϥϣҵҵж١ߵôæҵǸʲôûŪͷҵӡºһƲᡣĥǲӦȥٸƶ¶ҲвϲĴ󻧣˵־ͦʺϱٸƶġ
ҶС̣⳵֨ѽ֨ѽؾ͵ׯϡŲүӴŶȥ﹡תƣ˻ûׯϵҶε̫ãҴȥ﹡Ѱүӻ
үӱֻѾһԺ˽ſҪˮȡ
Ҷֱһ裬һˮݹȥŲү´Ҳֿ࣬ӹȥ˹˺ˮȥ̧ͷˡ
ҶΣǾϲһ£Ѿͷʱģ
һ硣
ҶγȥŲҲ֪飬ֻ˵˸šǰʱүѰˣдţŰѴʲôҶð¶Ų֪Ҷεʱ͸͹ţعǸʦǱֲ顣
ѾѮ˵ֻʮգЩﵽˡǱߵҪôţøרҵѯ
ҶҲûԼʳ뷨֪ʦܽʦȥǱô
ܣȻܵġĶŲһ˾ܹܵˡ
ѧŲ˽ģֻǵ衵˼ܼҵĸʵ衵ûѧʵѧͶһ档ҶŸ֪ĿүҲܲµõȻġ
Ѿͷ¶ʰ˵ûУŲүǵȵ͵Ŵµѧȵߡ˾ͺߣ֪ͷʲô¡
ҶҲ֪үӶԳ͢и顣˵»ʵоͣ˽ȴӵ͢ҶҲ˵̫ףʡүԴʲôͿ¡˵һܵ÷δȻ๫Ȼ֪
үӵͷֻһȻ˼Ҽ£ܴȥΰҲԤ
үôһ仰Ҷξͷˡ
λ衰ŪѾôλɲŲүؾɣ˵δչ¶âʵ衽ϵǸýܳԩѩҶ߶Ҫ̫ĶԱȻܾľȥ¡
ȵһˣҶǱ߾˽λ͹ȥ
⣬ҲҪ˴Ҷ˼Ƭ̣ϺҲ˹ȥһЩȥҶβģϺҶνҲ˹ȥ
⻹ϸҶ˵ġ
ʵϣԴܼԺһֱԡפǱסʱ˸ɵ̽СġҶֻǸʶֵŮӣŸ֪ҶΣһѺ֡˻ˣͷԺǿ䲻࣬Թɫʮ
Ķ鵱Ȼֲֻϣ϶ٲ˵ġҶΰһɳȥ
ߵúܼȷˣһͰǹȥ
ֲʲôҶûֻһر֤Ķٽʳĸ˾ҪôҶβ̫Ԥˣ̵黹ðš
ǱĿǰֻһ£ûþİţȻƹȥԬʱսҶεӿ˼ԶŵٶȱҶԤϵûҪ졣Ҷοôܸɣɴ˲СȨҲ֪ûкʵƹȥ
Ҷһתġ
ϿҶæµǵĵġ˵·ݻСûҪ̫̫ҲǶ𺦣ٶֻɣܣԵ
鶼ҶȥܵġϵæԼӹҲûǿĶȥָûףԼ۳ôۡ˵ףµ˲á
֪ҶβϲӶ˵ģϲǲеģЪһЪܲġ˵ǲαͥߵū翴Ǳ߻ûõˡеõģʰ˵һŪֻʵڲУҪˡ
£зִ硣ӦϴǾ仰ӺҶβۣ̺ʹ鶼׵ʱ
˵ԼĪµ׾ܻ
Ҷ˼Ƭ̣ʵ֪̣˽ʵڰ¡ɴ˴ڹȵĶңµ˾ǰǰˡΪ붫ǰЩӾײһΰҹ鷿̸á
ǴԺ󣬰ʹ˳ȥˡ
ֻҶεĲ²⣬ҲûҪϸ๫µҲûˡ
Ҳþûˣ˵ʵЩġϸ衲ͬĸҲ̸һȥ̸ʱ衳Ĭϱôһ룬ҲòҲȷʵûһˡ
ҶЦЦûзСӡ
˵ԴŰԺûܼҳֹ˵ûãҶβ֪ô뵽СӣҶμǵõʱ˵дôû룬ҶûȥĥЩˣʱյ˲ͽ͹
Ǳߵһ£һҪæ
Ҷ˵ŻͶ˽ͽԷȥ
ϿҴҵıӰ̾һ
⼸£Ԭܸɳ̶ԶҶε
ֱӽһѩ˺üҷֵ̨꣬ݼݵԲ˵ԶԭҲҡİ¥ݳҲҷֵꡣֲ滨๩ӦôͬʱƾǱһСȷʵΪ̡
̣˽µһֱûֹͣչҶûиȷָʾֹͣչҩģԬƲ˽²ɹСҳڵĲɹ׽˲ۻҲǾ˵ġ
ôµʿҲ̫ѡҶ߿Ҫգ̵һ
£ʮ̼һһǧ߰ٶ۳ɱ˹ϲɹʳӶֺάֵճӪһ߰ٶӡһӽҶǰͶȥǮ׬˻ҶζϲԬ
ֲҪŪӵһֻ֣
Ҷһûԣ˺ü顣ڶۣԽԽˡӣͷٿô˱ˡǮ׬ʲô඼ܳԡ
ʱ˱ĸʽ˲һ˱ƫˮˡһһʵ֧ÿ»һνࡣҶ˵ѧƳںʱҲһЩͶʣῴ˾ı˲רŵķӵģһԼܿöĸʽ˱
˵Ҫ£ʵ̵ͦ򵥵ġΪֻǵ滨ӣѡҶԭҪյʱ䣬ǵ͹ԼյĹ
ĿպļƷһ飬͸ˡ
ϾɹĶ̶ܹʲǵ֧ġһˣ΢һè塣Щ⣬ӦһǮƱҶοǮƲ£ûнµ
еˮ㡣ԬȻ£ҶҲĸһͷ
Ŀǰ˵⼸µĽϼµĴԼ̣أҶεǧʮĶʮ߼ӡ̶겻Ĺ򣬴޷ĵʲҶԾͦࡣ˵ջġ
žһ˲³һЩǲġ
ʮһ׳һףʮ˵صȫѹҶһ˵ϣͥͰĵؽôﲻԭʳḻʳʹڶȱ״̬ѱ׽ʱҪ֮ǣȷһʧ
ٳµļҲҶνҵҲó
ڰļҵʹˡǰڰ̫һԾöҵ˺öȻС䵽ҶεҶȻúúáҵĲҵһָҶηĲ˵Ͷൽˡ
ػɣǲǽһӸռˡôһ֮ǧĶʱؼ沢ûôذɣ˵Ѿصز
ҶԽԽóԾҲࡣ˵󲿷־ۼڰڣӵʮ̣ʯεΪʲȻҲ͡ɽȪׯһʯɽ㹻˾°͡οҳЩн鱦żֻԼֺİʹӡ
תһ룬ӵôණ̫˻ô䵽ǰ㾳
ҶηȵҲת˹˵һ׮¡Щд䵽ԨϣֻߴǴ̫˵״
ָϣžžવһ졭Ҷβ˼
ǱǸʲôʲôʱܽ⡣Ĳ˵ǧĶʱӦѾʳ仰˵ԨŪȥôʳֳɵġ
ĥţźȻͱ˸ˡ
Ҷһ㶣ع£
վŵȻǻ塣ԴҶλһֱźСżȥȣǾ뿪Ҷ߰벽ġʱվ⣬ģӣпˡ
ţ
Ҷգգ۾ĵʱ˭š滷ֵһ䣺ˡ
ˣ
ʲôҶνŵԼ
ū֪ڻš
Ҷ룬λվšҶο˵ӵʱϲڳԻʶȤš͸Ͻ
Ҷεס뻨ԶʵϣⱾԺҶͼ㣬Ҷõ˾סǰԺӾ͸԰ӣ߹ȥԼĪһĹ
ôҶЩԻ
ʵϣԴͼϷҵĶƤϣǸͳ׵ͣˡ
̨ǱѱϸѿأҲջƻжܳ裬ʱҲӰ˵ȸ󶼻ȹϵҵҶεĴ뱻ʱӦüβˣô
ɻҶߵԶ˵
Ѿˣλϣ䵭øƽˡҼ棬˶ǫ˲١ҶβߵűߣŵҸ˾վ
ɡҶĿⲻźۼɨһȦ֪үǰν£
ǰҶοܻһЩ档衵Ѿ¶ͥ衵ƿ֮£ҶȻҪĿбӵ߽ڣߵϵ
үص̬Ҫǫжǫ޲ýںֿϣС˴˴ǰصġ
˵ţļ˾ͨһȥ
ϴģشóһֱ۴ֵĹӣصݵҶεǰҶθ𷣣ҵ۲ʶ̩ɽðү顣ʶôصǰԭ
һ˵õ˿ں棬·յưǻþ
Ҷ䲻ر̬ȸһ¡˵ʵ˵պҾѣҲҪһơҶεǸ᳤ˣ˼ģֶͨȥ顣ôһŪЩ˵Ρ
û˵۾
̬һ䵭ƽ͵ĺûƢľɫĵӳĶӣھλܺϹٹƤӶһ¡
Ƥ˵ĵͦϲһڲ裬ɤƮô˵ҼҲԭˣ
˵һ仰˵꣬ŵҸ˱͵ؾһ
նʱǰͷԴϺһһðҶƳһϣ϶ǿúܡɲسŲˮ·ûйһ㡣ҶҲѧˣҲšᣬЩǾƲԳԷƣֻû
㽩˲Ƭ̣йֱӴӶͳ׼õĶٸҪݵϵĸǰӣǰӹõϸǰ
һƱҷСһŵĴȣʮš
Ҷ˵һ
ʮֳԾ⣬˵ķŭðɣ΢ôһ𸻡ССһһͳҵӵж񣬲ԶҶδǰϵǮȴû뵽ܸԣһ͵Ǯܼȫҵ׵ķ
ʲô˼ҶƳһƱɤ塣
ǸТͼһĻˡԭΪܿλѱɱҡ֮С󶼻˷ˣͷǿɲ֮£
ҶΣТ
ֻТҾҶλ˼ҧҧͳһԸ԰Ҳϣү¹¡
ҶΣʲô¹£Ǻַ


108 
ҲǸСջ
˵ҲǸĴжҶβǺڶһǸ˵ڶ˲˵һġ˵һƬõҵУնҵĶ̹ЩصĲҵ
Ҷʹ衣ҵˮж衵ʱɫЩζ˵Ǹ޸
˾ò˵Ҷεʱ΢
һԵƤ΢Ķһһɽ̬ȡǳǳһڲˮŲ豭ֻ¡ؿҶΣǷҵİҲÿҶô
Ҷβһ˲ָܿƽ
еǣӰȡ֮еҶ˵ǮȴҲûмǮۿӦϥϵָʶص㶯ӦסҵļҲƾ͵ŵӻˣӻңҶǲġ˽𣬶óֲȥ֪İ£Ҷθоû֪ˣζ
Ҵȷʵˣƽ¹ֱķʽҵĲƲȫȨûոãһʱû뷨˼ȥҶֻ˻ῼǿٸ𸴵Ļ
ϵЦݶҪסˣӲؿҶΡ
ʵû뵽ԼϼҲƣҶξȻûȻܣǡò˵̬ȶ˵ֶšԭ˽ΪһͬϰҲ޵ģȴίʵ㷲
ܼ߳ңͷһܼҵңֻúڷ
֪ˣĵһ̵ֱĶûзҪãֱӳŵĵ˵Ǻ⣿Ϊλ̬ȣ
бͷƣ⻰Ƕ࿴һ۶ۡһеʼ̰Ĳ㣺㻹˼ʣҪ£λ䵽زҼĽ̵Ƕȥǳ£ǵģ
ѵͷ̧˵ԭȻ죬һ仰˵
Ա߼ֵܵɫҲÿǸô죿
ǰҶֻ÷ŭȥһ˻˾棬ֻҪûӵĴɼǺңܲ־ܰɣôļҵ
͵ǰܵѰ·ӡ
һ˵ķ죡
ߵȥܼҾûô¡̾һͷ·ѹ˳ĴʯͷҲ޲Щѳɶֻ֣һһαܹܼҵⳡҴǰҪǵ顣
ֵĶ˵¾ܼҶһԹ³֮ԸŹǼҡͷ۵üġ
ǮҲҪҲǣǲ֮֡
תһȦؿ˿ܵܡһֱû˵ٵɫȻҲûкÿȥҲںڡ֪ܼݣͲСӵߣȴҲûбȵù֬ˮֻ̫̰ۡӵǮҲóŻ˱Ҳã縸˵ܼҵԭ¸Ҫ
׮󸾵˼ҵײֱүǰס˼²أ¡Ӹػپ¶תأϾƲģ˵Ҳûаѻ˵ƻҪүġ
үôüģѧԣû죬Ƽүһмڶģҿ¶˲翿Ѱ·
γԣ
ѰŶձ󣬶ûҲǱͥҡ
Ϊ˵ʲô⣬˵Խûתʱҭס
ٴӡֻһӣһҲֻܵˡ
ʲôȣȵͷֻԼɥơ
뵽Ҷεư;öһڶǽܼڱͥΪϱָܻ͢ôһö֮ռ˱ͥǷо췴ܽ賯͢ˣûô鷳ԡ
õûֿô
ʵϣͶܼ͢Щ¸ͱȥ賯֮͢ʰһңǲܱסҲܴ׮ʵʩɹĿжһ˱ڱͥⶼߵıˡǰؽأһ˭и紵ݶָȺͳǼҰһӶˣ
ྩ·ǶԶô֪ܼҰû˶ôʲЩʲô˻ûͥҾѾܼҸˡǸð
񣺡ôô˵衾߹ҲǸݵķˡ
ҪӲ
ʵҲǲС˼Ƭ̣ߵҵͼҲֻЯ˿ϸһž̵ӳȥͥ˵ԶֻҪϼݵݵҲɡǽϢྩȥͷͺ˵ˡ
ĵɣΪϢôôģ֪˭ŵ˭ֲţΪͷĴٹôüô
ҲУҲУֻܼ׸𣡡ס
ҲÿһֻۣһԲ
ͷʵȶҪࡣ̣Ϊ̫ŲͷƷʵƤµЩ͸˵ġЩӸλĹԱԵʣʵµľûм
˵̼֣û㹻Т߹ٵżȥοܾûǸ̶ȣǸܼҵìҲûеݵĵزܼûжǾ֤һ£ǲȥܼңܼҲûҪص˼
ҳһţһմͷɥ뿪ܼҡ
ͥ衵Ҫݵ㣬Ҳ˵λþʮҪ˵ڱ衵ҲԲͥӡ׼֮ǰ衾Ѿ˱ͥطվ͹ٵֻҪȥڵĶᱻѲ飬˻żϸϲ顣Ƕ򣬲˵岽һʮһڣҲ˶١
֮˴ѽϣ߾ߵġ
ЩȻǰŵõˮ©ģȻҪҶιĵġ
ҶҪĵģ˻ˮ㡣ͷĲҵ̫࣬вѾŵͥ⡣µ˴ǰ·µģʱͥҶҪ˻֮㣬в֮¡ΪǣҶʱղŲäĿˡ
ʵϣȫܼͶһȷľܼҵʵڰжǡûгɹͶ͢һ¶򣬱ضᱻնݳ
ߺҶȥһȥ
ţһźʱܼĵҶ˼Ƭ̣ȥפء
ҸܼҵĹϸ˲֪ͼ֪һ㡣Ҷ˵صĿһ˵ͱʾᶢҡԸȥܼҳĻҲһͬʡ
޷ȫƿµˣʹӸԴ϶ž
ͼͶˣҷģס
ͼ˵ǸˣҲϸڶΪڡЩҶβæһ׮¡ǰ˵ֳ󲢷ǿͷ˵˵ģҶڿǽʵӸԴϽʳȱ⡣
ƶֻаķݡȻһ̲ͣЪظǮ
ʵϣͥӵдƬĲݵأʺϷġũֻռһ֣֧ҵҵҶԭȰҪֲϣΪʳԭʳʮֽһ׬ǮҺڵĿǲ¡ʳ㹻Ȼ˵طӳ
˵ҵһҶβϤ
ֳֻͣһǳľϡҪô̵صİաûģũҪһЩ򿿱ߵĴӵдƬġǱߵĴ󲿷ֳִΪǱֳƻһЩ
Ͼ棬ͻʽĵطһǳĲݳ
ֻƬԭĿǰѺŶﷸ󲿷ﷸڴ˵ؿѣҲڴ˵ڹҲ׳
Ǳߵʮʺţ档ݳ֣ţڴ˵أܳñ׳
ֻ⣬һͻʽͻ̫ˣᷢ¼Ⱥǻǿܲǻܶġ͵ЩһʧҲͦġκ
֪ǹء˵ԭЩܱ֮ͥĹϽӦ衽֡˲ڱͥҶαϾ衣һŮܷ֮ܲڣ˵衱ϾƲãȣʲôġ̫ܻ࣬ᱻ˵ͷ
ţҶξȴ
˵ҶĽ㴦߶߶ܵ״̬ɺϵǣɽҶɽأҶڹ˹
ڹ˹Ͷ衵£ͼһǰ硣
Ҷ̸ʱûбֳԵ˼
ڹ˹˵ǸͷӣҲʮֶʶʱΪܡͼûжʶûҪƴһȥΪͼǣȻͶϣЩ鲢˵ô򵥣ʵڲĹϵҲǴ۸ӡ
ڹ˹ֻһͣЩֻҪû飬±ضԸ
ҶεȻ⡣ͥ״˵ٷϴˣҲô˼عϡսڴ㳯ܵ͢ĵطȨֶɨǰѩĴϴ֣ûı֧û˵ĺúýҪ븻ԣһһ
ȸڹ˹кҶαһ׮¡ڻ㹻ҩģɾḻĴ
ҩĺʹǷǳؼģϵԺܱܲסһۡͷûЧҩ˶֮Ժϸɲ䣬֮˺ܶʱȱôһҩһغˡ
û°ùظҩģԲ١
⣬ʪҩֻܴϱ߽
ͥˣܳ͢ûյϢҶ߶ҪĴԤ衣ڱ֮ͥǰԭĻ̵̡ȶԱͥȡƴѹֶΡҪܵƲ˵۸ҲԭҪࡣҶڿǣǲǸԭһ
ͨԭ̻ýܶĹƷɺ˳ȥܲŵùһ⡣о仰߻ʵԶɳȥ̫Զ˸ղסԷĶ
Ҷ˼ģҪҵֵεѡеѶȡʱ̫̣Ҳ̫١ºֻܿûܼ
Ҷε뵽һʹսʱǳҪҩ
ǵƺֳ˴ţڵļӦŪʹɢ֮ĶӦƳɡҶμǵöϴƺʹҩ
ȻǾΪá٣ûյġҶε۾


109 
ǲԴСȲܼҵĻظԽԽš
ǸסӣĸʮԴռżⱻ˰ӣ˳Ʋҵľ;ҹ£ܼһֱظǼҾôôҶŮȻͲŹۼңصƣָҪˣʲôС
ʲô˳ӣ˵һ䶼ᷳ
Ҫ㻨ֻԩܼҲŹǣǼԴûл·ģǸ衸ǸҰĵĻɫǼôļҵܳԵĹͷ£
·شУ˵һ졣˵ЩЩȴ˵ĿϡҲû׶⡣һеҪܼͶϣʵҲûеסеǣΨŮСҲ衲ڣһ˼Ҵ򽻵ζŲġ
в룬ȴɳӺΪվ͵Ȳˣ㶨ûС
ʵ̲סˣȱģҪȣǼҲ˽׼ɣܵһϡܼҲŹңԸǼңҪ˰Ūۼļҵãο˼Ҳ˼ָҲмҳ·
Щʵڲܣܼ̬ѰҲƣȨס֪ԼвĿܻٲȻҲĵͷ
ܲͣ㣿ʤ£ǸܼҲ䵽㾳ء
ܹңͷ㲻ܱ۾ƫ
һҭסˡǣ¶ȷʵͷѴᵽ̨ϴס¾Ͳٸ˵һ䣬תͷҪߡ
˵ġһץס
ѾҹûˣҹշתԽԽѰ͢϶Ź衵ġͥ˵ǿʢʮݣֻܼ͢Ҹǿȳ͢ΧˣܼҲֻеԴķݡܼ֮ţǳ͢û֡ܽ췴ͱȥ͢ĴǼҸòҵȥ̷һӡ
Ƴһۣû⣺ΪûôΪϢôôȥģ㴫ȥó͢衿죬Ҽ죿
ҭһҭɫЩסӹһת˿ڿˮܼͣҲǣ˽͵͵Ϣˣ
˽ﴫЦˣô˽ﴫ
ɫԽԽף֧֧ģͣˡ
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⻰һ䣬ɫ䡣
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֪ҪʲôϢҴȥˡݴʷյϢ͢ϾͻΧˡܼǱ߸ų֣̂ǱҲŻ˵Ҳ취
ҶӼҴһſ¾ſ˵ҪӼңȥʰϸǳפûӦϽ뿪򡣡
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廹㲻˵ЩʳʣǸʮֿĵġҶԾûж仯
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ӣҶγţСǴ粽ߵģ·ߣǻ·߰ɣ
Ϊͼ죬ߵǽС·Ҳ·ΣգȻǻƽ̹Ĵ߸áôҶεҲܲ˵ġҶνҲиʱҲûôСˣ㿴Űǣ˯һᡣ
ͷ˳Ÿĳ򽻴һ
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˳ŵؽüͷӣŷһС˴ӶϷȥפôƺפ
⣿ҶӣЩһֱڸ·Ϣã۾ȫѪ˿
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Ҷգգ۾ƿӿȥȻһ˴С·ķЩ˵Զ⵫ѵءֲû²פҶһ²ҲפǣüͷЩôǱߵķƶЩԾ
ӣҪҪū澸ȥһСĿⶢǻת
Ҷ룬ͷȥ
СϢȥҶη³˵һ߰ɡ
֨ѽ֨ѽܼȥҶοڳϱ۾
λƵصܼҵſڣҶβŷִſҲһ㶣ĵˡһȥ̨֮δҶãһǸʮҵ׵ӡҶøƺЩ̬ȣҶβ²ˡ
Ҷûǰͷÿš˽ӭȥҶβںͷƵؽ˸
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ڸ˵ҶιϽ֣ˡ
ӿе佫ģǷġҶλδڣСؽӵݸ֪Ӳˣҵֵɸա̧ɿؿһҶξ͵ͷվһ
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ҶͯڱȽ˼Ը߲ģһҾ˵ҵ׷ǳ̼֮ҡ˵˻̼ҲɡҶ̫үΪʦġͽĻ£ʦȻҲʸʵġ̫ү˽˴Ǽ̼Ƿ
ϼ̨СʲôҲܴԴһϼӱëûУиɫëߵѾҲȷʵûеɫͶմ⻹εˣ
ҶöһСһɫɷⲻһػѣ
̫үȥҶֻͯ˽Ͱ¶ҶáҶܽܵûżˣջûѧӲ¥ûǵȾˣο޸һˣ
Ҷõ¾ȥѰҶϱԼԸޡ
ȻҶ¶Ҷͯ˵˵ġһ֮һڴӦһ˼ôܷ˵ҶѾ˼ҵĲҶǲҲüޡ
ҶǲվŮߵģûϼСӺɫ¶ϣҶͯһѹŮǸҪĶˣʲôܲ˵ڵĻǾһĭһƲʧˡ˵ϼСǳʶ˼ӵܲǸôʹ˶ˣͻúøӵġ
Ҷþ̫ҶͯӵӣŻᱳȥͶ㡣֪ҶͯջسǾԲܣָ˵˻ᰤ򡣵¾ȥ̫ү
̫үѰҶͯҶͯʱΪҶӼҵ¶鷳̫ү˵ɴ֮
ϼҲǸƤģҶɽڣҶͯҶҵ졣ֻܰҶͯˣǾԲֵġҶͯھֵǷꡣ̫ү˵ǳ˵ϻײҶõĸܲҲޣҶżû취ŸҶߴϢ
˽¶һ˵ҶֺĸоŮҶܸͯɳ飬ϾŮѾҶɽУξˣٺܲΪǮǮۿزɣ
ôǱߴûôҶüͷһ졣
Ա˺ҶҶöЩΡҶ̭ףϸϽҶκһҶͯˣһ仰˵ã
ҶҶĨᣬҲôġ
ҶҲöҶңһתɸΰš
ⷬǻСʦù͵Ҳûȥˡɸմʱûжյ˼¾Ҫߣ̨Ǳ߻ҵȣˡ
ô˵ҶȻǿֻԸӣȥ
ҶĿ˱ӰԶ룬ͷҶá
㡭Ҷ̲סֵᡣ
Ҷͯ²Ҳһأ˵¶ӷƤӡ۳Ͷһ·ﻹһȰҶãԼ˯һ취
ҶĨĨᣬͷ͸ȥЪϢ
ҶñһȥӣҶûûȥûˣȻøȥơæȥҩҶصﵹͷ˯
һ˯תѡһͷ˽ˡ
Ҷ˯ʹĶͷ̧ͿС档˴˱ˮɤӣſڲС棺ôǶô£
ӣȺ˲פصıǸǻ˹ġ
С˵ĸоûȥפصķ򣬷㵽ĵȥū澸ȥ֣ƺʲôˡ
㵽ĵ壿Ҷüͷһ壬Щ⡣
ĵǶжͷĴӣҲڵܼҲԶ
С滹ҡҡͷ
ҶûĥǴĶġ˴Ҵſڴ˵פǱ߰ͼ˹šҶһݣվͼʲôѰҶΣ飬ûбġҴȥ˻˱ȭӣҹ͵ܡ
һ仰ǧˡ
ҹײҵźüͰҹӺų˱Ͷ࣬ЩҲ࣬ʱѲߵıȥһ£û̫ͷǹˡһٵǱߴϢץһҹɫӵ
ŰͼҪϸ˵˸ɴͽͷβ˵ҶͷһӳСˣ˶ͷ
Ҷץˣ
ץˡ˵ͷһפؿš
ҶεͷȰ˿ţһ
˵˼Ѳ¡ҶЦһҵ¶Щ˾ײǹϡʵ˵Ҷλо򡣽ı·вһȻǲܼ̫
ͼǱʡҶʰһҲ׼ȥơ
ͬʱҲûа
Ѿˣȳҳһࡣʧ鱻Ԩǐ֮Ҳŭ衵˳û˰ҪĽ죬ֱӿ˰ȱͥ㣬ȱͥʣ˿Ҳࡣ
߾䲻籱ͥսʮֲġ
˵ٶ˽죬ȴѾվȽŸѿƵģȶģȶƣҪ콫ĽʿϡԭѮܻصгֻʱǳʱƳٵ·ݡ
ͬʱ͢ѹѾִݡ̨ǱߵƺȻϾ͢ķӦٶȱԤϵҪ죬ûȶǾѾˡڱͥսǿ̨ǱоþɳϽ򣬵ҲôϢ֮
ҶҲ֪ݵֻ衳ٳٲأܾò
һһؼֿغ֡
ԽԽȣ֨۽ŵĲŵͷƤҶδӺĿ̧֮ͷͿСɫشԺҵĽŲƺڻܶ
Ҷüͷһ壺ôˣ
ӣ̫̫Ժӳˡ
ˣҶһ㶣ˢվôˣ
̫̫ˣ߹ӺͰ˹ӣںԺĲλӲ֪ץʲô°ĭˣ
Ҷˢһ°ˡ¹˲ʣæҴҶסԺӸϹȥһ߿һʣˣûУ
ˣ̫̫û¡С滹յϢ͸Ͻ㱨
Ҷһڣȥ׼ţ飬̶
ҶθϹȥʱѾȥڴϣ۵ֱ۵СЩ࣬亹һðŶˡѾڱСߣȥСĿǻҶöеɵˣһؿޡ
ʲôú³ʱúܣӳȥãµĳ㲻㣬²Ҳˣ
Ҷñôһǳ⣬ҲС˾ڡ
СŪܣֿѲûһС۵¡ҶøСһʳйͷ̶
Ҷο˵Ǹӹȥ
һͨϴӺųԺһʳʯÿµ硣³Ժעȵ̶ͽⶾ裬ӵûܴ󰭡
⻰һ˵ɰҶøȻղŲôȥҶļҶñӻڷû뵽жҪҲûʯ˵ţϴӿҩؽͳȥҶβŰѿӵĸй
Σǿ˿ĸǲˡڴ֮ǰҶĸȥǰˣĵطҶǴĶץЩȵéޱϿϵɳм˰ɫľ壬ʱȻ
ʯԭôġ
Ҳ˵ܼҶηʯ˵Ⱥȷʵʡ
ץפصĵûգͰѸýĶˡͼûộ˾Ϳ캰ص˴ǳͱ©ɡʹرʾһʱͿ˽ͨ͢Ը⽫ҵĲҵȫϽͼһ
ǲĹģͼǺݾֻնݳķݣû֪͸ġ
ΪסĻ֮ˣͼҸ˵նסӾͶʮպʱյΪ֮ڣ˽ֶҲǫ̈̄档
һһƬȻͼûһߵϰߣ˺һץһ
ڶֵúܴұϾǵصĴ塣˵ǵ򺣺ţȺҲǵңǶ׸Ҵҵ󣬶һţؾջ
䵽³̻ܾšͼҪľЧ
Ҷǳû£Ҵ󲿷ֵĲҵ̣أׯĵ軧һߡɵøϷաҶε¾ͽػȫڡټפصľҽԼϴһ𣬾Ĵʹҩ
ϴͣЩɱɱ¶Ȥ˵ҶԸṩڹʵ飬˼գӦˡ
ǵﺬĶҶҽϴעʹҩķܹʹ񫡣ϴҶθȻڴӦ
Ҷ⼸Ϊ̵ҵĲҵ֮ء֪̫лģܾöĽֵ϶İסгҶλᾭĴ߶˳ʵšҶѯҶú£Ҳûʳʲôһʱ䵹Ҳֲǲ
Ϊ¶Ҷλ˸ۣƽŶСࡣ
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͢˴ɱ̨ǱصĲ򾫱ԽĽţڷԵýšҶ˻Ḫ׳н衵ļҾһߡ˵ǴԽ˲ʵʣҲȫûпܡ
һ涢Ŷߵƣһ滹÷ű˱̡Ҷܾһ˽ĵºΣûȷ֤֮ǰֻС涢š
С涢˺üգûʲô쳣ǽʵһһĸӲؽĵ塣ĸӳʲôģû룬ֻŮӵвðͷҶλϵİ˸ǻйϵûûƼˡ
ѵоˣɻأҶκȻĳһշܸƺЩ쳣
вõԤСѵ汻ѻ˵ˣ


110 
ԼĲеأȥܵתһȦûз̫Ե쳣ǽǵĳЩλòݴԱѹҶοһȦüĲݶбѹĺۼָоС͵ŲȵҶһһɺӺð
С棬ĵЩȥôҶ˸ۡ˽ۡܵĲֲȫˡ
˵֪ǲǰ㣬Ҷεֱ˲Ծ
̨ԽԽţʱסˡҶĥҪҪͼһ֧һԼо㲻㹫˽á˵λڱͥƫмλá˼ȥҶλǾҰͼ̸һ̸
ҵǶĸӣһ˼ҡСٶһ׵ģĵôڵȵĸӳˣǱñڶ
ҶüͷǸأɿˣ
СûǸӣһûҴݾߡ
ҡͷҶεͷ˼
ӳߴŵĺӳĺӲ롣Ҷֻû뵽ӳ
˵̨Ǹʲôһ㲻ȥȥ̨ɣԬڹڡżҲֻǱ̨ƺܽţδἰһôͨ㿴ش̨ӻ
˵һ޸֮Ůӿ϶ǲܵġ
Ҷһ֧С·ĵ壬۾ְܳӳ붫ҶβҶ͵ܼҡܲ˰ɣûǴĻͼұۡ˴ɸԻҶûض
ԼԤУƾ²Ҳ׼ò
ĵڶıߣò̫Զ߹ȥԼһʱĽų̡Ҷζڴ߶ԺĲֲָϥյص㶯
ˣȻһ⡣
ûһֿܣȺǸйأòЩܼ룬Դȡ˻ʮпܡ
С棡Ҷȥפһˣͼһˡ
С
ȹλãӦ˸кġ˼ȥûǵ˫գϲȥ½лʩЪҵ
ϲҲ࣬Ҳʮǣӡ
ϲһߣҶ˴Щۼ
ȵվһҶѾ䤱ʱѱͺֳʵʵȥϴҴȥϵݡ
ϽûгģǱҩѾŮҲйˡͷר˾ӪֻҪСʱн̵ިʶ֡ިڰնյİͷҶνһ
ިѲ°ɣʶֶ鶼ϻ۵úܡѾϵǧ֣Щ򵥵ʫҲܱ
Ҷεͷϡ
ϽĶһţôˣ
ʵĶҶεĽꡣԴ֮ҶεĻʢࡣ
ϵ˵̺ſżӡżСҶģԳϲһȥæ˺ЩԸĥĳʳҶιһȦûҶã˳һ䣺أ
ںء
ſϣ￡̧ͷҶΡ
Ҷ̧Դ￡ֵɵĺܣһĬ顣ިҶν±ʹϵһۣԹԵصͷĬ顣̺겻СڵϣСľҴ㣬Ҳ㳳֡
˫̥⼸ԺָֻҶΣԱһСţƵĵŵŵؾͳס˫ȡҶζӲ£ײСӸյǰͱһסҲŵ˶վ
ĸĸĸ~СŸ첲ƵҶθǰҪҪ
һҪһӵСľҲҪ
ղͻȻһ°ϸŵˣ߹ͰС˸һȥС˵СӾһͨѵŤͷһԵҶҲѵҲǵģߵͣǱһǿɲˡ
ҶЦЦ˿ߡһʾ⣬Ͼ֪¡æҡ
ҶƬ̣Ժͷ˵˵
ɫʱһ䣬ˣ棿
ţԺǽüݱ˲̤ˡ
찡ϸ첲ðһϸܵļƤ
ЩϵҲȥǴδעҲ֪Լϱѣ˼Ƭ̣ⲻЩɻ󣺡᲻ǿˣкͷɽҰҹܳҲȵģסۡԺǽôߣǻ֮Ҳ÷ġ˵Ƕ򱾾ֵ˾̶ᾭ˴
Ҷ룬ҲпܣСʻ괬ԺȷʵߣҪʲôȴǵסġǼҲûճڵĻȫǸ棬һӶܽǼҳԴ
⻰Ŀһ㤣ȷʵܼҶŮӺͺӡ
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ѾСȥפͼҹ˯Щ
Ҷγʰڰز̨Ǳڴ̡ʱ°һӣʵǼ׵ֵġ⣬ǸŮƺˡ
Ҷôһ˵
ǰЩʱפزץһӣܼҳûҵļҵ˺ܼңָڱ֡
ԡҶû˵ڶߵС·һ˵£ҵĵͼĸǸˣָλͼ¡
ʱʹ˹ġ
ˣۼҵĵصȥôص·Ҷξڣʱһ¿ͨˡҪͨҶεʱģڲοԭͼԺһЩµ׵ʱͨԺҶλûȥ
ص޽£Ҳûȥģҡҡͷ
ȥһ⣬·Ҷȥ˵ͷеصĹͼͼʵһ¡淢ʲôȥûͨͷǾͲˣǽʲôҲܿٵ뿪
֪ô˵Ǻ⣺ǰڵص֮ʱӸŹȥСӼԺõúܣԹҲȥһƻý·
á
ϸҶ˵ŻͷҶôҴҹ˵
ҶԼؽ˵Ļ˵һ顣
Ҷ˼Ҳϸ϶¶ʵԼеоġҶһ˵ͻعζ
ӻǵô￡Ҳ꣬ȷʵ죬ҲǸӡ
Ҳ£ֻЩ鷳ҶﻹеͨĹͼ˴·ãתƾ˻档
Ͻ￡нˣ￡ƳһҶΣͷͷϵõġ
ϵáҶνؿ䣬СˡЦЦ˴򷢳ȥСȥͼҲˡͼڻǱߵţҶιվ
·СѾ˵ĲࡣͼפڶĿģסܱͻʵţһǻס衵ļҾ졣Ҷſᣬſھ˵Ҫһ֧ܼҡ
ӣ׮ҷ»ȥŵġ
ͼ֪ҶλлЩѾȥĵ鿴ʲôվ͸нˡ
ҶνҲһЩ϶İ¶в
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˰ͼ仰ҶβǷ
磬ͼ͵һ֧ܼҡҶ˸סҶõ˵صܼҵصڣһҶεסңһڶԷ԰ļɽͷһںԺԺӵĺмɽ
ҪܵȻҪܿȺѡ˾סĶԷɽһ
Ϊ˱֤ܵھ¶Ѿǰܼµļ뿪˶￡һյǰͷҶϵһһѸںͷߡ
صǵϸ޽ĵعһܹ˴ͨ˵Ѿ͸泱ʪ͸⣬ɲôá￡ļȷʵõĳ棬ûд·ǣߡһյĹǾҵһڡ
ھڸۡĺɽʯͷ档߳ʱΪȱЩͷӡ
ڶȷʵ˴ģҪһЩҪͷҶ÷һ˺һŻشһվ
Ҷεãǵһڣڡ
վĴ˿˵λʵʮεġ˴ӺͷΧܼңһЩھͲôȫˡⶫٽٵĵطҲһڣǾЩԶȥһζƲܡ
ҶһȥҲȥ
·Ҳ߿ҶվӣʡõʱŲ·תƲ
ЩȥҶ˵öԣϤ˺á
һ磬˸￡ߡû·Ƕ˳ڶڶĵĴβ򣬵λЩƫڶٵһĺǽҶÿڶϸ˿Ҫܣʵٵڲġ
ĥǲǸصϸҲа취Ӧ
ϼڸĴ˿ˮڿʲô
ûҶҲ߻Ӳݺľŷİձ٣иѾϡ档ȱڣķϵҲͦסҶ̧ͷգ֪ɫѾˣڵȥƶ۵òᡣɫҲʱȥЪϢ
ʱȻٻص·߻ȥܼҵģɫѺڳ
ҶõҲáһ磬ͷתű㶼ԻȥЪϢҶ￡Դ⺢ӵļĺǿ˵￡ܼһҶˣҶҲ᲻ýôõ˷ˣӽˣ
￡Ǹһ㺢ͯҪĺӣһ˫۾ڶġͷ
ոѰʦôһֱ϶ǵ飬ƽ̵ިΪި㣬ֵĽ׶Ρ
￡۾һеؿҶΣллҡ
ҶЦЦȥЪϢϺɳȥˣ￡ȴûһߡҪϺǸֲͷԼһôУȻǲ㡣
һգҶΰפصıҹһѲߡ
صУͷ˯ˡۺˣ˯úܳ˯ʱűصˡҶǿһֳˡ
ҹȻǽѲߵҲһĸץ
Щ˸棬Ŵ񸽽ӵĴ񡣵Ⱥݵ֣ѵأǻǺˣʱһж˸첲ֽŶԺһͼܱפһԺһѪζ
Ҷε֮ǰפѾʹһΡ
ҶõվڻϿߡЩ϶嵶ҶҶƵļһ𣬸̨ס
ҹģܼҵƻͨ
ҶδҴҹϵѾ˵ɫʮֲ԰סץҶεĸ첲ָͷ΢΢ط¶ÿ쳣ҪңӺͿһ㣬һҹôĶá
һĺ£ߵüŲЩġ
ץ˾ͺáҶηһ˳ƾվҶεߣިû°ɣ
û£˻˯š
ҶεͷŤͷ˻ǡ
ͼɹ֧˵Ǻܶ࣬ʵһոǿͷ鳤Ѫʲ֡߾ųߣһȭͷһͷţһˣҲǵܴġȺһǽͷͱǸסˡҪǺͷûָһ򾡡
ӣʲǰһ񣬡ղʹˣȺָʹҹܸ˵ġǰӷԺֲ̤ܲЩˡƴֻǰˣδɱˡ
Ҷתͷפ鳤ʳǺָʹ
ʲҡҡͷʱִ̫ˣӲҵȽѹȥפأٺú
Ȼ
Ҷ룬ʵԼе²⡣磬ֻץûɱˣпȺˡ±ͷҲɣȰ˰ӵȥɡ
ߵʱ䣬Ҷν˶򷢻ȥЪϢˡŮ춼ŻòᣬڻЩ˯šôҲ¶ҶκذһϿüжǾɫĻҲ˵ˡֻýߵĻȥȥЪһЪ
ҶλݣۣڴϷȥû˯š
ҹ˵󲻴˵СҲСҪѣļпܵ֡ҶػԭިôɥġľƣճϦλЩ̫ҶοʼԼĲòţܻǴΣա
Ҫôı״һһֱ˼⡣
˼˼ȥ׵İ취һݵؽо仰Уฯͺһ鸯⣬ǲһݵؽֻա
ţҶβ̾˿ɴҲһηǳʹฯΪʱҪѪģҶĥսپĻҪܶණҩݵȵȡ衹ҲٽսȹһӺ̡
ԣôЧظı״ôٵؽ̣
ԴҪըˣֻܴӼ濼ǡҪôǸҪôǸƾҩʹҩѾˣϴ;ҽ˽Ʋأ
ҶѧľǾе취̫ˡʱ켼رʱֱܲ˼ɣȵȣҶηȻ۾ʯ
ʯըһ˼
Ҷμǵãǰ䲻֪ӺδŪ̻񡣵ʱڰըĻͦġʱѾ̻ͱǲǣһԭʼըϷչһ
ըĳɷʲôţ̫Ӹ߶˵ЩѣǡӦŪİɣ
éԱʯ֪ж١ҶĥéԱߵʯӦòܶ࣬жٻڿͥʯפǱߺɽĺͷڵûڳ٣û᲻бĿšҶμǵǸɽͷͦͺġ
³ģҶﲻţھͺˡ˵Ǻܶ࣬Ǹһֺܿ׵ĸо
Ҷ衣Ѿ˽Ԩļȫץ
ѽΧƻͨٲһӱ廨衵Ľ¡ǐ궯в١󲿷˶ǲµġŹݣͬȻҲ֮Աǡ
ԭ󶯸ɸ꣬ϾʧҲǱЩ˲ۣų衻δ֮ǰһǳˣǻģҲġǐѹ͢Ҳ֪Ѿˡ˭֪衸ԤϵȫһͲ̬ǿƣֶҲܶ
һ֣ϢΧסǵϳ⧲سֱӽıһ򾡡
ʱ˹ڵϣ̰ģѾͣظ衿ͷġ
ۿЩˣĿһĸ䡣ǐĸշᡣλͼߵࡣ䲻սñȴҲǸɫˣչ鼺ôɱйߡ
᰺°ͣһ˫۾衣ӽδҵȣ
ȻǸиԵ
鲻䣬ױֵСƵĵƻԭ;޵ݸĵûơЦһòͦˡȴ緽ݣЩѾɫҰףЩͷĵöͷǺס
衵˸ܿ̽κ˼ܹ齵ңұΪһʹ
Ҳأ
ЦһΪãΪɱ
ͷϸһ仰رһɱ涼һ
ܻţȻûԸھж꣬衲էָܷӵöĽʿ˵ܻţϵĳ롣
Ҹտǡ衶ԷỹЩģ˿ɾûˣɿٻظˡ
΢΢ǣȫɱˣͷ­ҵǽϡ


111 
һ磬ʲֱ˻פء
˱ץˣҶŵıǱǲĹҵҲøһ䡣Ҷμʱ̵ҵĲƲȥճɡʹҩǳؼϴפصľҽ֣ѾƳڶʱЧʹҩԭϴ
Ҷν󲿷ֵڶջ˶򣬲µ˼ԭҩġ
ò˵ĸԣͥھһǧٶĶڰԴеزƬĻҩʳҶ㲻˵ˣ֮⣬ʮң׬Ǯ֬ˮӺͲʯӡһ̺ţԭ̻
ֲϧôǮȻҲʮϧ
ʱ֮ǵҶǰҴʱȫеȫʲ˵һ˫Ьӡ
ҵĲҵҵģټҶеʲԼǧٶĶʮ̣һɽһһ̺ţʮǧūͣ⻹ǲլۡһҶβûסԼϲ
˺üѹȥ̵ĵ˵䵽ҶεϣƹҶȴûм˲ϣӪģʽȫ˽⡣ҪЩҵȫ÷һ򡣲Ҳżһһ
ҵڶȻ󲨣ٽҲ˵
ܼҵһ˲ٱ̻ͥЩ˼˽ﶼʼ㣬ǲǸТðȡǲӵģҾǰ֮ûס˵ҵøպҪն׵³
Ҷǲ֪̻룬ΪЩ̣æذ
ǰЩʱõ˻ظȻͬġûϸ˵˻زֻĿ졣һţ±
ҶȻҲû飬µʱԵһӡ
һĿڱƵжʱĵĸջ¶档һĻû뿪ɸա
ȥܼ°˵ɸաɸմ˴νҶûض֮㣬ȳ²ֵؽʲץǼ¡ԭҶλϣ˵ΪҪЮðͼҸˡ
ɸûٽ飬ֻհ졣ͼֵ֮ܶϣɸĴҵشӦҪ
ûҪˣֻȳҸӰˡ
ΪҶ̫үĹϵҸܼҲе㽻顣ʱ·Ҷôת֮ܶʱԸΥαεġҶ̫ѣһ˿ˡץһ©ڶ䵽ôεĳ档
ӣôãͼɸӵҶεǰɫЩѿʵϣɸֵܻͦ͵ġֵˣսʮܴΪҲʮֱˬܹ£ʮϵͬ顣ɸ¶ģŪ˶ý
Ҷζһ㲻⣬ֹȻ˵ź
ɸչڵϣԴŰûпڡ˵СžţҶεĻȴ˵ڡͼͲҶεǰ
˼Ƭ̣Ҷ̧ͷһ۰ͼһа洦ñǡ
ɸٿһ˲̧ͷ
ͼüͷҲ̧ҶΣҶģͷȥ
洦ãɸһ˱Ȼᱻġְءаз͵Ϯܼңֵңһ׮׮гͼҲΪĵطǣͼձ졣ڵϵɸû̹Ȼ֮ɫ亹ð촽ɷס
˵ʵڴӦ֮ʱûҶλҶҶõշƱ磬ɻȴסȻҲʶԼûȥ硣
ţǾ棬û⡣ǷŹ˱㵱ۡУξ֪
һҶתߡ
ͼĿһɸյɫǲҰס
Ҳ˵̨һս
̶´˲ʮγľ̫ãս־߾ʮ֮һȻǴδԴܱβפ߳꿹УսΣ߾ÿ˶սϼѪġԭĽʿٺã浶ǹشбʵ򾫱߾ûͻΧӲ˻ؼ֮⡣
⣬Ϊڴ̣ʱ·Ͼԭ˶Ϊֹʱǰл·Ҳرˡͥ˲ؿԹΪĹܵŲ飬вв֮˻ȥ
̴ףҲֻƽͷաȨӸλΣྩҴΪʲԸ㿪󹬣Ůӽͷ
һεѡ㣬Ϊ±ȡ˵ΪʵһӣûʵֻһӣȻǲġԽԽìͷָµҹ˼ң˼һӦһ֮˽֮С
֮󣬹㼱ҴҵشŹ˼˻ྩ
˼˽µжһ·ȻҾվ͵عԱû취ĵѰҽҩƹأ˹龩;С餴ྩ֮ʱʬѾõֻʣͷ̧˼Ժĵգ˼ҳιȥ
ȥһ˵ûֱӹϵǲɱıǨŭˡǹĸĸȫﵽͷϡڼҵŴȡˡ󷿵ĺ⣬ĳֻͬ˳˳ˮľ汻ˤ˸飬շ⡣
̤ţܲЩͼսԼڡԺвϵػϱӵ飬벻ĶûԵ棿
Ǹˣȥֻ뵽һ⡣
ⱲӣʰǸû˼ҹ룬һҰ帾ûôôĸı䣿ҶǸôռλãʰġΪʰ᲻ʮ֣ǣ
游˵ǹ˼ҵĸô˵˼Ի͵ĸǣ֪顣
Ϊ衱ʱԼδˡϾǸʱûŲôҲԼ˻Ͼ˻鲻ȥ˵Ĳ˼ȥֻܹҶΡҶϳ룬һγȥһʮ˳ʰǰԵ
ˣ˼˼ˣһӣϵĴȫӵϡ
žһ춯վĹ˶̫̫ɫʮѿ׾Ƣв˳ıҶԴԺĶѾ
Ҳ˷꣬һŵѾ߷Ըˣ׼ٸµġ
һ䣬ˡ
Ϊ˹˼ҵڲìܡ󷿶Ĺϵͬˮʵϣ󷿷ޱֻ˸²ŲòâĽֵ̨ϡ˼ҲͷʹѡΪ˰󷿣ֻعա
һؾ͹£Ǹӡһû衣ȻǲһС֣һ֡˵ٶҲбĹһգ񿴵Ҳˡ
Ҳ˵ЩڲǣΣȴȨɱ˫۵Ĺ˼ԴϽһưˮǽʶһ׮£ȻҲôÿƵġྩȨͬ˼һȻΪĸλͼ޿ܡ
ͥһ˷۱·һصشڹ˼ϣջۡ
йڵ֪˴º󳩿첻ѡ⼸նϯͻֻ֡Ҫ˼˵ù͸ˣǹ˼ҵ˭
˼ĻҲ˵˼̫үڴ˴γ˽ѵԺһѵϹ˼ҲСҲһң䲻㳯͢Ҳһʵֵ֪Ȼڶһ᲻ɴݵĳ롣罫Ȼ͸¶͢ɴų͢Ѿˡ
ɺ⣬˼һص˳͢Ϊʹ󷿶Ĺϵ˼̫үҲһݣöϽ˸޳ȥ
˼Ҷ̫̫һݣͣؾ࿴
˶̫̫ԹŮҲ御µͷ˶̫̫ľظһԱȽϺ๫غʵ֣㲻ˡȻһҵմԪģûֵðԺݶˡ
Ԫ˭ϱӼ޵ɷ
תתҵ⻧˼ңĶˡվͺ޲ײͷ־´һͷײӣͷѪ˼Ҷ̫̫ŵò㵱ʹȥ
㵽ôﲻã
˶̫̫ΪûѪԵŮᣬ㵽׺ʱһ㡣
ԽѣҵմＰʰ֣ӵĵĿĲݣҪŮƣ
ҼףҷԪѾǾˡֻڼˡʵѧӣ˴ŵҵģɻˣ˶̫̫ˣúúãҵҪ۾ǳҲƲϣ
ֻ׼ʰһˣǸᣬ˭͵˭ıӡ
˶̫̫û
˲֪ݣ˼˿ɶغܡ˵ԪķѾϵڱĴ¡˶̫̫ŶµĻ¡ģ㲻飬޿Ҫֹ֮˶̫̫ĺݡ
ôһͨڣ˶̫̫ǴĸĳҲġ
հհգ㲻ԸҲ㡣˶̫̫žɬΡ

ذ꣬û޳ɡ
ԪƲϣƵϡ߸˼ҵĻһƣԪǱһҹŮĹͳ˻飬áʱҲ˵˵һ³ױ˶̫̫Ҳǰʱûһ¡
һһ衿ྩýһԸһػʺ
ĳչ˼̫ү˹ʥ࣬鷿һճ˼ҾͺȻơ֮󣬳͢ͻʣϵפɢڴľؾǡྩĶжšǣסʱ
ԭµг̣һֱϵµײ
ʱ̨Ǳ˿սһסԭϵԮҲˣӰĶϲϮͼԽ붫ֱ衵ϳ
ʯǷ˼սһ֧Сƹʯǣ޵ķ£л衡
衲Ž°ִֿ֮¾ȻһȺҹ͵Ϯٵ⡣յֿļʸ
Ǵս֮һȰפҴдһˣɴǽ֮ƵĻָӡЩ˳ɽвɽսḻսʮѲҲ߱սֻǾԵɧšһʱ侹ðսòӱͥȥ֧Ԯ
һ̣Ĵ̨Ǳ߻˽£ڽЩ˸ϳءϢʱѾǰµףʱҶλڲ޻ժȡµķƵ⡣
˵ԭıϳأȴ˲Сһ𵽲ǧء
̨СΪءһͽսײУ顣һһӲó͢ˮֻʣһЩʿĸºڼأϵս߹ƣԽԽΪ̣޲öסǳ͢׼ˣѾ˻عڡ
˫ݳſڣ̨ıԽأָݡ
ݴʷϣδſڱѾЯҾǱӡϱͻʱһģһǳӵú޵߿ԡݴʷһӣɢʿɢɢɳؾͶݡһǧս־ܣͥڵԴϢ֮
µ׵ʱϢ߷ͻʱԾԾҪ¡
ͬʱϺȻһӾΣ
Ҷ߶ڻ˺üֵҩʹҩЧȺʱ̵ͣľӪ֯˿ʼءݣҪıʹҩʹҩҩ󻺽սľơ
յʹҩ֮ҲԽҶΡҶĸǣڹؼĵطشáҶΣⱲ˲֪·
СûĵҲ֪ˡ衶ֹһͷա÷ǳ죬һʮ³˶
յѩӽ⧲ĽȻľȴ
һ䣬ܵĺһѩǵصıѩ߾ϵ߾ٵľǴѩɽȱʳͼȵʵҶйעսֵı仯ϺսҪӮõĲ˫սǾԼҩ
ҶοһձһϽںõɢ䵽ĵ
У͵ࡣ˵ͥȥŸͻʴһ̡ͻʱش˽ˣӦûоٴһܻЧֻ캮ض޷סټϺɽʳҰһͥ߾
ЩҪע⣬ʱ̾顣ҶδӲڿܵĸĴҡһĴңܻ֮֡
˼ݳȥ̨ľƸӵõ⡣߾ӵзḻս飬ʱҲ̡ĴӣϺļڷǿս֮Ҷݺʹҩ֧Ԯڼ̵˲һݡ
̾ݣӸϳݣʱϢƽסˣ˫̾¹Ȼı߽紦ô
ԽԽ䣬ʮѮ֮ʱ˵һѩ
ѩһҹ֮ͻ˼ڡ΢΢Щ＾ֱ뺮ϵ̶˸߰˰ˣľֲһҹήҶ̧ͷŻɵҲҶùʩӡΪʳ㣬ҶθҶҶü˼̳Ҿơ
ｫʿǼ£ҾƣԼ
ĥţ˸ʱټ˸׼èļˡȥĸܸɴֻĶ̹ǰССʳʯǸé޸ˡҶҶȻҪʲôǳİҶεҪǿɫľʯԳ
㣬ʲôŰɫʯͷеӡҶϡ棬ץһмľͷһ£ûζ
û򵽾ͱҶһƴԴϣСС˳ⶫˣ
ŶŶҶԼɵˣⶫжţˡ
ҶðһۣԱɫʯҶεϳһɡüͷýģʯǼôʯ
ʹļȵʱרʯƱȻϵõġ
һéԱǻֶܶࡣҶҲûսͣ˴ȥéԱȥơȻԤϵܶ࣬ôʯҶλüͷҶýСһȥǿ̫
Ҷοãֻеһ񣺰ЩʯԳ
ըôҶμǵòըĳɷЩаͼȥ˻ˡϡЩʯƲ̫࣬ͥôĵؽ磬ֻҸۡéԱʯʯġ
С棬ȥפһˡҶվðͼѰǼ˸Ҫ
Сһ㶣Ӳǡ
פܼҲԶһĸˡҶνйܼҸרѰ˸סܸԶ⼸ˣıըı
ԣҶֻһҪ󣬡ըԽԽá


112 
һĺȥ굽ø硣ʮѮѩºܿͺ̹ǡ
ҶεľƺͶ¡ʹҩüʱ̶ܴǿկսͻ˵Ӧô೯͢ӱ߼лͥʵ򼸴͵Ϯ¡ͻϴشδͻӵԼλҪս䣬ͻʵıССֵ͵Ϯկפ˻ȥ
ɽΪһݵؽ¡ͻʱƳɹŲԭԱ˻ǡ
սɱ˲գ۵磬ɽͻ˹ԡͥһ޹ǵڻҶͦŴڻԿС˵¶ЩšʵԽĬЩغɽŶ
ת˲һҲŪߵĵһ˾ɽ
ɽկ߷ߣݳܺ²ȱ¼᲻ɴݡڹ˹ҶʱҲҵҵ߷ȹֻ̣Ҫ̨ƣͥİվܹһȵĶա
뺮֮󣬰Ʒ˾޴ķת
˵սḻҲضá衿ڳϰɢִ֮޷ŻᱻϾǣ˼ءս֮ȹ̣ñġһɢɳѵʵսӸϽ˾Ĳȵ⡣
ѾΪһþɳĽָ֮쳣
֮ͬϾܴ졣߾뱱ͥȿຮ֮ص߾бʵĲͬϳůʪ߾ƫԻơԭأ޷ӦϺһ䣬ǵľûܼʱϣ䵽һľء
źӳӣû˺ڴ˵صġ쵽ϾϣҪ˹ȡ١ա߲ȵصפʰΧ֮ΧϾ
ʮµʱɹϾɣƴʣ²бףӲ˻ˮ
衸ϻضøϱͥѩһյöƣźصĴվѩ֮У·һεضü֮ڷ֮ɫѩļͷ۽ޣվͥԺ֮пץһֻСüԵҶΣſ˫ۡ
Ҷһ£ץŵСһֻèצûӰû⣬֪˹ȥ
衵ûôԶҶεĶѾ߸ˡֻжԵ쳣˶Ҷβһ衱Ѿߵǰ˱˻С
ůϢΧҶε衽򿪣Ҷεϡ
΢΢ӽҶεľ࣬Ϸǳǳ滨㡣Ũܵ۽΢΢һµıѩӱضãſָһ䣺İÿдŶԼĽֲֻᡣ
ҶεЩ죬δ衵òµԽĳڡ˵յӣȴ·ע˵ƣֻһ۾ʴǡ
ûʲôдʲô
û±㲻дˣüͷЩӡ
ҶעĿԣ衵÷·ܰȥ
գЩաǰҲû˵ôǶûˣôͷƵġס°һƿյúܽҶϵľһɵ꣬ҽӲʹ㲻֪ܼǵøдѾʾ֭ҪҪ̫ߡ
衣
ȻҶξ͸ıӦϱӲ顣
̾һĬĬסҶȫǺڻҵצӣˣĨˡһֵĹҳˢϴɾǲ䲻ɾġ
ҶûסЦ۾ղץͺСһֵĺڻңôȻˣ
ˡ
Ҷε֣ѩůģġ˴ʱվͥԺ·Ѿ˻ѩʱͻ׶ѻ²ȻСط̨ߣľһʯͷģӳ˲ÿ졣
Ѫ˰塣⻰ҶžͲˣʲôһʯͷģģˣϾˣ
šָȾ˺ɫҲûа⣬·ǵ˲һ㣺ڼأսʿҲΪƣ֮ǰʱϢӦۿǺӳ
Ӧף꿪ᡭҶεͷ׼˵һֻ̨ʱСߵ̨׵ıأûվȵزֱӹȥ
ۼֿһѽ˸ס̩ɽǰɫ֮Ӳųһ亹סҶΣ˫סɫˡҶλûֹôһ˸ϲҲŵòᣬɬ촽ŷԼֱ۷סĲӡ
衵һ˲ɷף亹һ˲ð
ҶЩΣ·ȵģҲδйֺͷߵ̨ױԵЩΣҲЩ¡衵ĲӾһˡ
˲ǡ衲Żյôһ񣬡ˣұ߰ɡ
˵꣬ҶΣὫ˱ȥ
˼źģҶԭȲϲū澣ҲϰߡԽԽ࣬ԽԽԺ󣬺ܶԼġūͣһҺҵū澹ź
ݳСͻ壬Ͷµ裬˲ˮĴʵѾߡΪ˽㣬簲˽ס
˻С棬˶ǵһμ衡䲻Ƽˣһ˲侪Ϊˣ°ͶҪϡȻζûϵδıӻһټòŮһʱӲ˸ࡣ
ҶûסƳһ衣ֻڻҵĶͷһĨ
衣
ҵ˵ġһյů͵ܷ·ڶһϣ±㲻ô̫Ҷ·ݴԺȺܸߣͷúʵʵͷʹ䵥¡衵ĸ첲ʾԼ
Էĵ˵̺ˤ衽˷£Сָʹ˶ˮ
˴⣬δأӵİ趼һˡ
̵ػһȦӣľګ˵֮ǰﻹƷǶʣˡϵϰڷŵ鱾˲ŵλöҶεģεطСᡣ
ˣ
ãĵʡ
Ҷһ˶٣ָ˵ôᣬûôԵðɡ
Ŷϴһ
ҶΣ
衲һͣŤͷҭؿҶΡ
һӡ
ҶҲû뵽ôΪҪһʱƽϢϾ±ͥͺķ꣬ڱͥоɲ¡˵ȱͥ٣һ궼ҶιߵĹƣҲûٶЩﲻҪҲա
衵ԽĳҶκĻԽ˵ԽСֱˣ˸µģ
šԵֱ׳ĳˣһҵľС
ҶΣ


113 
衻Ĳִ٣ûκ˾ͽԺӡϵõϢԺ󣬲ҲûżֻСԸ
ϢƬ̣衻һȥǱߡ
ѾҶֻǰδ衣߰˸ûˡ޳ĵɫӰЯһѩƮƮش֮ü֮˪ԭȳòڹӰ㴦Խ壬ϻȻһ¿סˡ
ߵǰϲڻعˣ
šǰ̧°ڣ¸Ͽͷ̫δжĸһֿǷڣӿɺã
õúܣõúܡϸϽǰ˷
δмת˼Ȧϸش念ûܶ˱㽫ȵطˡǱߵս˽⣬һָֻ֪šֻļ
ڴ̣ȻǺɡ⣬衱ؾЩ˵ϵ˼˶ٲ˵֮¡
˵·ݵʱ衱㰵˱ͥʱڰȫǣûнҵλø֪ˡһ֪ԽԽãǰӣ˲ϰšľʱȶҪȻᰲš
;˾ô
ԾһǣȻԵĽӡ˵Ѿûмˣһ䵽زоĹϵϴδ˵˽ȴöԲˡ˶٣ǿɻã
ȻáЦЦ浣ﲻչ˺ԼʱĽ
һ䣬ϵ۾˲һ졣ͶڵǰֻǺӡĨĨʪ۽ǣһϸϸ˵Ľ
˵һ·ţܵ˵չûܴʱİ˲١˸ǣҵıܵԼǣĵֵܡİĴ壬Ϊһ䡣ԶҴʹ֪˿лɢࡣ
Ҳ˵Ǵ֮ңຮŶ˵ȴ϶ˡЩΪºʵ£һ·ûʵ̫ˡ
Ǻþͺãǹúþͺá૵˻ټɣż
衶Ҳܲ³ϵ˼ϵ
ã³һ̧ͷЦֻ̫࣬һжáǸӣִܸϻۡҰྩŮĽ󣬵ǼѰŮǿĵطϼۼҲǲеҡ
û˵ֻǳЦ߶ĸ˵õĻûἰܵǶħˡԣλΪ㲻ǰ
ˣҲ㡣δȥ˵˻վˡ
Цһͷȥ
ϿԶȥıӰʮοɻ֮ʰҲࡣЩ꣬˵˲ҵĴȴҲָĶԤ׻꿪ͿϱĲ룬Ҷ뺢ܿ
ѩһûͣ衴ϵ߻ݼͷһѩ
˴λ⻻һر¡ְɫĺô⡣͸˱Ʈݵӳĵø޳ͦΡվǰɨŸ첲ϵѩӡҶο͸ˡڰѩϷĹ⽫ӳյ÷·һһһ뻭
ƺעĿ衲Ҷڿ΢΢һЦҶεĿһðɣõİֻ֮˹
ʱҹɫδöèš̵ϰԴҶδһֱûжϾިͲ˵ҶĸˣҲ˺̵ϰߡܼҲܲˣҲ㡣
ʱպȻҶҶñҶδĶһڳԵġ˱ڼĥ³ʳ
˵ܼȱĳʳ̵ƹ֪ϲʳʳÿμ˱ʱӴٺöҶη˼еĴвԬӽĺòҶɴ̲衣
ọ̃ʵ̡Ҷϴ֮һ󣬼Ϸۣ˵ţ̲һЩҲǸƿζ衽ŵ˿еζһ̧ͷͿԲҶһֻ۾ﲻЦ
̫ģҲûԲ١ǵϸ˶ĶӶ֫ݵúܡûеĸ׵ֱɫЩ඼ûжĸı䡣
ʲôأ
Ҷ̧ͷһۣ̲裬
šǲؿڸ֮ˣڼʱҶķʳԼڣƽʳֻΪ˱ʱԵҲ£߹ͷҶһڡ
ҶΣ
޹ؿôˣҲܺô
ĽǼٵİɣ
衣
ĵľͷʲôʱ˵˻һסҶҷʴʵ죬ɴһùҶ룬һȫȸɾˡ
Ҷοſյ룬ƲƲ죺û㡣
û˵ĻûһġҲ͸ҶεӣҲЩлŵϱ̧Ķӡ
ϴμ·ݣʱûжӡһζô衻ͷһҲǴɣƽöС֪Ƿ֪׻Ȼ衵֡衲㼤վ۾һ˲ˣ
šҶѾϰˣСǸģƽö
ûסЦ˻
ҶƳüۣҲûйˮ·ݴˣʵ߶ࡣҲãɸ϶ʱ򣬲óšǵʱҽˮƽҶƽҲ߶දʡýס
衵ãСһŻЦ졣Ҷ۽ƳԾĿ䵽Ĵϡ֪΢΢֧촽Ĵϡ
ȵϢ۽ض
Ҷ촽΢΢˵ɻһ࣬ʵ۵Ӻ١Ѫյ꣬İڻУô׽Ȼ˷ӦҶأʲô뷨ðȥ
ֻϸ΢Ħѩ죬ʱʱ紵ù΢˱Щֳĺ֯衱ѹŵϣɫڷ컵ػ䵽ϡ
һֻСĵطҶε֧ŵ治ˤ˶ȡֻԼҪ˸Ī֡
ҶҲ֣Լˣζаɣ
ãʵܲ˲Ȼ֣һĽ촽ʱѾ÷·Ϳ֬۾Ҳˮɫ衻ֱ֫б۾ҶαǹϣʱҲΡԴɫ
ô˵衵ĺЩҲ
Ҷգգ۾˵ʲô
·ܾסôʵúܻ䣬ֱӡ
ҶΣɶأҾǳζ
ŶҲ˵ôĵ䣬䵽֪ʱĳ֣ô
ҶΣ
ôˣôôô߷߲ƽҶηһ԰ֱۣ齡ôѩԽԽɫҲҶβߵ棬ſھ̽һСԴСԴһͷСëһ˫̵۾գſźˮҶΡ
ҶץһأСһﲻˣСˣôܹ
Сֻںڵצץſ򣬺ض衴áƺЩЩ£̵شſͷðཱུС巭żſСֱ۾ͳҶνеĸ~
Сһˣ˵ֻһʵð
ҶﱧöҪ߹ȥѾȻͷЩɢ鷢޽ǣԵûôˡ߹ȥһѽϷ˶СӱСʶһμ衣е¡СؿҶΡ
̸Ҷκһˮ¶ǣоĪĻûȥ궯ĺܡ
С˻Ȼ˵СԴɵúܡСƳһ衣رСغһ䣺̸
ǲϲӵġϱӹʵĶҲ߳ûаִⱲӹԼ˸׵ԵʣԱ˵ĺҲ˼š
һӦСһ۾СӶϲúÿˣС˶衺浥Ǿ˺ÿʱ̬ºͣŤСӸƵľ͹ȥ衱ͷСëĺЦ۽ǣͷűϻһֱëСӡ
ĿԣֱëС˹żܵҶε߱סĴȡ
Сߣ
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ССûҶ̫ãһҶþ͹˸ߡ
ԴʼѩֵϵӻˡʩȻҲˡҶζѩͣ⡣Ȼүû˳⣬ѩһûͣҶЩڼҰ̾ģҲƵġ
ʱҲţҶùӺ˳Ҷιȥ÷
һͿźӵ衣ʶǲһͿȥ˵ҶҲҶҲ˵衡衹Ͳʲô֮ҶҲ㣬һ衶ҵӣҶЩЦá
ʱҲûҸһ仰ҴҸҶ˵źӻݣ㣬Ǳ߷ʳѾˣһҪˡҲʰʰЩ
ãûţ˳Ծ˯ѱȥ
ʲôôҶҲǺ棬ʱˣ̲סʣôһ㣿
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õ磬Ҳڵ硣оûһһӰҴܽҲǴɣǲðţŷ˵ͷ
ҹɫ£ѩڹЩ⡣
Ҷüͷĵѩʲôš뻹ǽŷ
˲ˣǳ֮δİ
֪ĶһƤӡһŪĸͻƵġҲⱼ˶ã촽϶Ƕˡͷϴźձñһ϶һѩҶûЩϲǰſ˫ۺһŰѿһ˹ȥ
Ҷüڶôʱ㣬ô
ҶҲЩԾһ󻹸һݸߵꡣ䲻һûƳ˭òƺŮ˹ҶβϳȻ
ø֮ǰϡ
һЦɿҶãһһֶӱ
Ƭ̣˷ϥأһŵƥҲƷֵսѾȥ
Ҷγһ衡衳ЦЦŽȥ鷿
衻¡ÿնòҲһ١ߵı˵ǿƣҪࡣز١Ҷ衳ٳûֳֳԭд㡣ƺҲʮֺʡ
Ĺкһ
Ҷηְӱճ࣬ˣҲƳ˲١ѼˣƢԸҲѵøˣò仹СȴѾˡ
Ϊһ£衽ŲȥҶ򸽽ҶԿܡ
ҶССʮְδȴѾơҶפ衰˵ȥŷԤһʱգ¡
ĴҶûиԤҶη衻ԺеܲסԼȥմ˵ˡ
˵Ҳ˼ռˣҲеܲˡûϱͱĺܡҶβ֪ܻòһûס˰ɾֱӽȥˡźӲҴ󶯣ǳֹӲͷݡ
һһεģȥ衿ҶεԹ˲١
ĵضãֽҶ˵ѸãƵϵҶε촽޹ؿɫȻȳպ̫ࡣ֮ɫģ衡ͷϻݣ۵Ȳ趼Һ̫ȵġ
ˡüģһ
ͷһӰǸİס
ǡ
ҶƲƲ졣ֻһΣ˾˳ȥ
ıԤϵÿ졣λ˾ҽҽƽѱסܼҡܵٻһҩʹҴҹûҶε֪һλΪصӡڵϾսʱոݡ
ǾҽֱҶεݣͷĿǰҶΰݳ
ҶӦԽָȥ˻Щ飬ʮֿЩۣЪϢһʱձá
衵ͷ˶٣ö֮˽£ܾסзô
⻰ʵĴһҶҲһɵ
ãﾲĵûҶηӦһ˲˸͸պܺߵģ̴ƤȻôࡣֻ˵ó
Ҷһֱ˹ȥס衵죺ôʲôܲ¸
ۼֿطס˲ЦۣʲаҪҡ
ҶҪеʢҶгʶģڵŮӻܵƼӰ죬ʢһǣ
ҽʵûϵԼ˸ǰУһʱЩסðŻع񣬵ͷҿϴҲЩΣѵȻܵģ·ҲȷʵЩˣסڡ£һΪá
衵ͷЩ¶Ͻ˴򷢳ȥŤͷ޹ضҶ˵ɣ
ҶαΪ˸
Ȼأ
Ҷ˲߳ŭ˹ȥסЦ졣ϴҩй׷ƵģҴ뿪˵ס衵ЦǴ͸©˳
ҹҶξһСӣһȥ˵¡
ԼĪ֪ԼЦЩˣ첻һˮߵǰµƳһۣɤʲôأ˵컰ҡ
Ҷκһ̧Լһֻ֣ſָָס
Ƴָֻֻ֣ȫ˾״
šҶεһһ̧ͷһЦ㳢ʲôִݻ
衣Ǻ֡


114 
Ҷڼָ֮ǰȫûϵִݻĵһûݵôݵˣԼꡣ
ͻȻһצȥĲӳϸѪӡ۵һ˲˳һԿһ㶣ʱֺЦϽȥ
ҶŲӣ۵üͷ
衼ɫöʱЦüͷһ˿ڲǺҲûѪҶεƤ̫ˣָ׹εһƤȷʵȫҲ˲ϵ٩תȥױ̨ȡ滨Ҷβ滨ζСڵá
̾˿ָһĨȥҩ˿ϣĨҶġ
㿴˵ΪһǧҼָˣ۵˻˻ģվˡ
һüͷҩĨȣ̲סһ߿ڽѵһצҪϣһ׼Ҫġʱ۵û㡣
Ҳû뵽ӺȻҶҲ
ԴԺ֪ͽࡣŲżָҪ衺ÿתͷһצԼϣԽˣ˭֪ļô
Цһ䣬Ⱕٰ۵ģѵߵĻȥ
ҶһԹ
һüͷôţôҲһצͬʹࣿ
Ҷ˼һ£ͷҲǲС
衣
ûӳɣ͵ʴףҶҲͣˡ
ҹⶼֻʣ·ѩХҶϣԴ˵бҶΰһֹۣһҩҶȥ滨ҩģͿȥֱĸоֳ۵ĸоࡣ
ҩĨ˼һ޾ɵӣ滨Żȥ˳ִСӹ
ҶƤû
һֻ°ڶҶá
Ҷգգ۾ֻߵ˺Ȼץһֱֻ֡࣬ؽҶεְҶָȻסһָͷ
ҶΣţ
ûֻԹԵشüϸϸؽֵָ׶ɾ⶯ͻأ𾪣Ҷξôؿһһָ׸ˡ
ҶΣ
žž઼ָ׵֪ΪҶһ˲ĳèоԼڸûצӵèҲû٣ι
ƤӶ̧һ£һֱֻƤӣһֻ֡

˶٣Ҷ̧һֻ
ļӲǺרżָ׵ģּӷָּʵѶȡҶǸǳͳƲӡֹżò־ͲˡΪ˼򻯣ֶǾ״һһ£Ǽͷ״
һָףоԼͷƤһ˲ÿղӲӵĲֻ֣Ȼ㲱ϵѪⶼõһ㡣
ҶΣޱͬ񣬴ͷԷɡ
ô˵Ҳһצӵģİɡľһȫɾ衵˵ϵָףһһͻݵ
ҶΣ˭˭ȥɹ̫һ

һѵõĺ꺮жϺ
ȥʮµ׽ֵߵ̻ûйعţܼŴ̫һ䣬ж׹ˡֵϼûпŵġ󲿷ƶİûбķӵϺֻèڼӲЩ˼ҺЩĿ¶ա
ڵذѾϡƽ˵ʱ󲿷˼ҶӣȫĶǼ״ձ顣衼ȻѾȻ͵ù˽ıȻҲҪе𵱵ص
ǻҹҲæµġʾ֭취Ƶذյӡ
ðţҶλûһ˯ˡ
Ӳ̫ۣҹвԼš
衶ڿ飬ǽǵĵůƵĹ⡣紩ľͣ𶯣ѵ춯żһУڵҡҷζµĵεҡΣѩ֮зԽӳĵﾲס
ã衲ŷ·عһ㶯˶ӲĲӣ˱۾
һַžһ˱ʣ̧Ծؿ˴ߡȻ˯ҹҶεĽŻ᲻ԾĴӱ߳˯ʵϰ߻ûģǹԼ֪Ц⡣üǣصĽŷŻ˱
ʱѾǶ죬ûͣ㴩ŵµҲ䡣˯ŵ˶ǰףСϴ
·ݴԺҶҹܶ࣬ҹȻ˯ڴ⡣С̧Ÿ׼ҪϿȥ˯֮кȻ̧һ¡ҪļʱǶҪߵȥ
һץס˵ĽţӴԺҶν̫ץֺͷδָЩˡƴЬӶЩֺЦһȥǰҶμָ׵ǸСȡڴϣ˹ؽĽָȫ޼롣
žžવ衼ץסҶȥĽţ˯ҲͣʰһŲȥСĵؽ£ڻУůζ۾
ҹʵ˯ʱ򣬵ֻҪҹ˯úܳ
˼մѩʱͣһ簢ѾڻԴǰ⼸վûôðͷ׽һóšΰƥҪһ³̣ô죬Ҳܲ˶ġ
Ҷûֳ֪ʶټ׮ȥţֻܵ˦ƹá
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ÿ춼ҪҶκüأǵĶӻȻ
ѩģһʲô˶㡣Ǻ޲ýҶιڿϡҶżҲΣҲǹģֻܾСЩÿ⺢ӸһǸӵģʱմҶεĶһ㶯ûС
ʮһ³ʱկǱߴϢͻӣǰĳկͷΧǽ˵⡣ѩ̫ѹſ˺üt
tս𵽷ǳҪãܲܵһʱ䷢ֵҪˣկ˵һ¡ɽµ˲죬Щͷǽ衴˽ġһʱûķӣֻܽŻͥȥtĹ̫٣Ҳľģֻ˵ȹȥ
ҵԹȥһˡ衲Żһ¾ҪߣһʱʮֲᣬӦʲô£ձڼкţ½ȥկѰҡ
Ҷˣ˵òľӪȴҪ̵֪Ӫ
ʮ̣ǧĶôʲԴǴʧ˵ЩƹÿһʱվҪ˱ԭ͵ҶߡĿ̧ͷȥ̫רע䲻Щǰڡ
գգ۾ҶνѣѹȥʱѰȥô
ȹȥ˵衽޽ǵͷ𵽶
Ҳǡѩѹſʲô̶ȡأֻ΢һľվޡ
û飬ձʰҳš
ϿԶȥıӰ̲ס̾һĶôæԸҶʱЩ¶ý˵ĺܰĳʱҲûͣǰҶνĵĿ֬Ŀǰĳɫһɫһ죬һִɫ
ͿŨͿֳܳͬɫ󣬼֮һֳ뻯ĵ㴽ױܽͬһ֬Ū
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£ҲһҶҶױŮӣҶûûгޣѧʰԼıӦġʡýױѶ䡣
ŮӰΣҶҲȻȤѧ£ѧ˵Ȥ˱֣ҶҶöϸҲеӣûʲô¶ԼһֺÿױԼˡ
ЩʱûøҶãҶڣЩСĳԵˡ
Ҷεûô⣬ϵĵĻ㲻ñǡ
衣ԭΪС鷳΢һӦ˳կŷֲǲtѹſ򵥣ԭȽĳկҲ̡סҪ½衸ųկĴתһȦüͷô᣺гҵعɣ
ҹɽҲͷۣȻ㲻żȥţֻջ߽կͳǽûСǽǵȼ᲻ɴݵĳǽѧʶ˲С
˵ţɽɿ衣ӣǱûж˲ܵ
Ȼǹˣ衵ҲֻǶһƤëüͷ˼һ£Ǳ˵в˲ţ󲿷ǹԱľ칤յ˺ûʲôӡ
˼Ƭ̣˹ȥһʱ֪


115 
ô˽ǧˣ󲿷ûлһͷȥˡ񻹴ĲٶࡣԽԽ䣬˵ػ˱ԽԽ١ϻر衴һʣҡǼʮһκҲչȥж˻
ҶӽӵϢʱЩ֣ôҪȺŷʲôҲ֪衲һˣȻɣֻǸЧؽȺ˾ۼһҪһһһ顣
ٶˣɸѡ߸˳
߸ȴȫĶľ죬ЩֻǶ鼮ܶһЩƤëҶҲҪ˲ţմϱߵгһԶ͵կ
͹ʱڳկΧԶµĽʿһЩ׵ķ
ִѩͻʻ߱ߵ岻ܻ֣ϾﵽҴڿܻᶳͷҲûб͵ϮĿܣȥǶһ͵Ϯֱˡ
ӣǱ˵ˡһҴܹ
վڳԫԶͷɽ
ɽ˶ԼתӪʡ̫䣬ⱡӪʲ㹻ůͷ˻衣ЩǣôĶձߵİջȥó˽𿻸ռȥǰҶõĻͼҲʱóݼա
˵ӪʣůƬ̡һʿżݵ˹
˵⼸˵ڻһסǲŹȥ衾ͿˣѾ۵ȫò衻һϳڼ³ˣǰ̰ˮֿǰɡʱӻ԰ģû뵽ûܵƤӵ
һˢһӾͰˡԴžһֱģϢͨȻҲͲѾ֮衡䲻ģսսһƨԵȥ
㣬㡭ָ衾ֵû˵ô㣿
ʶûʣֱӽ˽ͳȥ
ǰɽʲôѾǲ壬ʲôǵúһְõܶʲô죿ͼڲɻأвͨ
¾ͽˣסǸ˱˳ȥΪһ⣬ʣµɫҰסǸ˴ͬѾʼ£߶µͷ̧ĿȺɨһȦ˾Ѿ˫ȿʼӡ衲δ½ۣȡīֽ⡣һ˷һֽǽկĽͼ
⣬⡭կĹͼկĹͼô
Щĳģʱͷ亹綷˰ֽʷȥûٹܣֻһԵһϣȼ֮ǰǾ˼
ҪˮĲҶǸطӲĻᶳˡ̫ǸطлᱻȻ˲ûϵһ衡ۿȼգԽԽ̣ԽԽ̡
պīˮıֽͣϷŰ䲻ȥͲᡣ
ȫ̴ĿڳŲˮû̧ͷһۣɱѹмסҺһʪ˿ӡһŵɧζڿӣ衽ˣ˽ٶȵذ˸ߡ
֪˶ãоһôáŵžһ˱յ˲̧ͷ
߸ˣͱһмֵһʣͼ͵Уֻһžü²ڹιְ衲ǿʶ鹻࣬ʵҲܿ⹹ͼĴֲڡ⼸˶ྩǱŹеѧʶ֮ˣԲ˵ǰЩͼʶĶկֻҪͿճկ
Ĳ˵Щľ϶կĽʿٳһĸͷ
͡һͷƤһ
ЩԼĲҲսľؿ衡һһͼֻ꣬һǿеſ˰죬һ䣺˭ģ
һԲĬĬһЩСվ˳ҡ
˭
˵˵ţԼĪµǱЩزסϲɫСԣ塣ԭڹְ
壬ԭǰһǰϺֿ̰۰ǣŵġȥҲֻȽϿסʣµĸĹͼţͷ졣衵ҲûнЩ˴˼ֻʣµĶĻĶȥ
߸һ˸Ѱ˸ضϴһֱӴȥǡ
ڹְãԽȷʵ١һǽȥ˲ttľʽṹ衽ʱѡľʼӲǹЩֻߵػķǷȱtûܼ̫ʱա
ҪɵûһǶϷʽҪḻľ忴һ˼Ƭ̵óۣѰľСܽͼľɡ
ҲµǶϷʽ̣⼸tôױѩѹߵľ߲࣬ǲľʢԭ󲿷ְճľͷ٣Ҳľʡ֮ľʵȻȲԭһЩľҵˡֻҪܰͼľͼҲӦóġ
Ԥϣ˵Щ鷳Ҳûз
˽ȥãԸȥѰպõľԭΪܿܽ飬ôһ͵ʮաҶڼдʵȤ˱ҲˣҲҲ̣ɳǽЩ飬ָܰæ
˵ʵڵģϻڽկʱҶξ̹ԼὨ졣ƺ˽֪ʶկߵҲɣûȥڡ
˵๫ڳկǱǲʲô鷳ˣҶʵеûţһȥЩûء
ϿŴĴѩƳһҶΡ
С֣ʵСڳɻôã⻹ǵһδҶεĿ߶衡գգ۾Ҳû׮µֻŤͷ˴⣬Ҳụֻ̂Ƿѩ̫󵢸·̣Ǳʱزɣ
ҶһҲǡôѩʮֲߣǸ䣬ƶЩİܲܰùȥ
ԶǵԼŴʱܼĴðĻʱڴ϶á±ӸϣֽҲûһȵġʱ򻹲ʱôƺܰˡҶĥпܳһţյܳŹȥ
ϵӣҶøҶһǣһСӻǱ߽ѵûвסִһֵȥɽԡʩӹˣҶû¾͸ѧױݺѡ
ҶóﵷĳʳʱҪĥһЩʵĻ϶ǲУܼǸؽĳʳҲȥеǲϸڡҶһջûȥһ룬Ѿĥ˺ЩʵĳʳʱֶһС黨
㣬ҶһźɫİӣϵᱡױֽۣС黨ͷҸЩ棬ζǲࣿ
Ҷ񲻸Ҷԣºӳ̫ƵسһСڣ۾һǷ˵ôҲոպá
Ҳһ飬ʱҲЩޣϵСá
Ҷֵ۾뿪̨ʱʦһЩҵӡҶôʱϿ̡ԭ̨ӵģ̨ǱҶҵڣҲһȥŸɴڶ򣬸ɴ໹סСʱʩӸһӣҲûӦ
㣬㿴ˮ׼ܿôʱգҶĥ˲ʮʵĳʳɫС֪Ҷ˵óţֱֻضҶΡ
Ҷγһ飬Ƶû֣ܡ
һ仰˵ҶüЦǳɣ꿪Ҿһ
ҶûﲻԣϸҶɫЩؿҶáüͷһӡҲƲҶãҶÿҲʮˡ˼ҵĹ͸óˣҶ÷һͷûС
ҶҵҲôһԲŮĸĸȷʵġƬ̣ſʵﰡ治ˣ
ҶЦһͣԱҶҲһĳݣΪ˵ͲˣҲֵãŮչҪ˵ģ˵׵ĺʱŹ꣬ǲѰʵˡ
˵ðҵϵʱ﷢ˣֻҪ룬Ҳ˳ߡ
ʱδ޵ŮûʸӵвƲѪǮҵˣҲһûʸ񡣴ɷ涨Ůδ֮ǰĲҵǹ鸸ռסСֻ֮ҪҶͯҪֱ׳ߡҶŮйٸŮӲֱ׳رסҵ
㵹˵ʱδŮûвҵټŮҲ̺صġЩֻǵ飬ֻгԺ󣬲Ůӳ䵽СûзŮӵвҵ󲿷ǹѸкҪͷиĸҪȵԵɡ
Ҷõû뵽¶ǴˣȻ֪ŮղסĲҵֻ֪һ֪˼ȴûѧɷֻҪߵֻҪصĹܲס
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գգ۾һҶöɵ۵ӶʱҲЩԾУҶ֪ģʵû뵽Ҷβ֪ⷽĹ涨
ʱĿ࣬˼Ƭ̣ɴⷽɷ˵һ顣
ҶüͷšһšʵԤϵʱŮղסҲƣ²ΪŮɹⷽоԱϵƫǳʲô£ܻᶷԡû뵽ֱӽЩװдɷǵûŮӵ˰
һҶαãûӸɳô˵ÿǼ˵ġҪȻǮñҶǶԷߣ
ô죿ҶõûɷףֻЩ𾪣ǣǲðô
ҶͷһЩ¶˶µġգŴ۾ҶֿϡҶõĸ첲ҲǲðӡӣҪô㽫ðԶһЩصýֻҪҶû֣߷˲ҪӵбġҪôѰһŵù˰ӣԺٻϡ
ûǵġҼҴҵ󣬸Ůļױʮַ˵Щͱ͢ûδ֮ǰʮ̵ĵġ
Ҷһԣüͷķ㡣˵ˣŵʮǲҲ衲ס
Ų衣Ȩ˸о˵ʵڵģɷʵ̫ˡᣬŮӾȻûвƲ̳ȨŮǸŮδ֮ǰ£Ǽҵ䵽У
ܼҲûбݣྩЩҲ㲻ݡ
ҶвãҶ˼Ƭ̣۾Ҷεͷϣ㣬˵ҽӹΣܰô
Ҷòұ֤Լ˽ܲصùҶҵҶͯܲͬϼǷҶĶӣĲҵȫóġҶ̫ıԣУŮּеĲƲӸ
ҸţҶȻǲ̰ͼҶǵƲģҲǲС
Ҷ۾һʱˣã꿪ҾȥðӡʱĽһȥ
Ҷ̧ԴȻǴӦ
Ҷ˵ҶöðӣҶεҲöӺ̡ͷԸҶεﵱƹ񡣰˵˸ھ֣ʵھǱߵҶҲܲʱǰֵڹܡֿ̧˿һ緢ҶãҶúȻЩãֻųҲС
˵ŻͷִҴˡӣҳȥʣҶε˽ػ
Ҳǳʲô£ǱһŻҶνӹżƳһۣдšʱ͵ļԴŤһȥ
۵׵Цɴվˣ¾Ըȥɡڵ磬ҪˡͷȻȥЪš
ҶαûʲôҶҶһüȥһЦǸŪһ
һšҶθɴߵһȥŷһĿʮеؿôصҲã·ϸˤˡ
⵹ҲǡԸôԼʱ˼С˵ͯ޼ɣȥ
ҶһЦٵؽſˡ
կȷʵ鵢ˡԭΪt˼ֻһ㹻ˡ˭֪⵹֮ͼٽϣ취Ƿ紵һ¾ҡβȡҲ˵ҹ˺üգ˵ⶮˣ˵ķ˻Ȳס
ֻӣҪôtؽҪôȷŲܣǱѾĳԫѩ۾̫䣬ľͷЩһûɹɾʮֵѾ⣬ʵǵʱ
Ҷοüͷ˼Ҫ¡ڴѩ޽ľʵĲtҲ˵Щľͷܴͦѣ˵ҲסɳʴطôѡľʵĲȥЩԫأ


116 
ôˣôɫϱΪСڻ˵ЩĻ˭֪Ҷο֮ɫмֳءʱЩľսѵկǱֳô
ûҶνŻŷ֮УǳկǱ˵С鷳
żַŽҶηŶ˼ߵڷ⿴ȥĴѩûͣļƣ˵״ȥȥ˹Ҳûа취֯޽ԫ캮ضĸû취ʩҲˣֻܵѩͣ΢ůһЩ˵
ϸ֪ڿʲô
ҶʵҲûڿʲôֻںͻʺͱǲܻӵġϾпûȥҶĵǱģİջȥ˼ȥҶκȻŤͷϣбīô
Ҫī
ϻû˵뵽Ҷθղſ衵ţʱʶҪţееģӣңȥһ¡
ƽҪ̵ި飬ǳīֽġӣҽȥȡ˱īֽкĥҶ˼Ƭ̱дһš
ʵµѾûʲôˣҶθԭһˣ֪˵϶жپ򣬵ǲҶʲôᶨֵ֧ġЩҲٲҴţǶڽṩһȻǾó
ʵϣҶҲûֻ̫ϸڼ½ԫ߲tǷǳѶȵġôľʲȥ졣õذཬ̡֮⣬˳衹ڽ̵ذ̿¡
дķɿ죬ܿдͳȥ
һԿܱʼ飬ϵ鲻̫ɵӣⲻ˾Щġ
ҶЦЦ£ֻ̫䣬tޡ޺ãֶѩ
ȷʵð¡һǲt飬ĶʱͷͻǰѾԪӦòɧţ֪ôŪô
⻰һʣԱҶҶö
ҶƳǼۣҲûвҴţ˵֪ôյľ߽ҴƱֻ΢黻һϡ
һҲǣɳʴ󲿷ְռнӶľʵĲϡ±ɳˣʮҪʴɾǲtǽĸߣǲ̷һͻᵹֲʰôûزصڷʱַľͷȷʵǺãʱҲá
ҶЦЦҶÿʱҲվҲʱ׼š
ԴͻضԺܼҵķʳͲҶȥæʵҲлģҶҼóԹԼգĲóԣԼԼԡ
Ҷð̺СӽнҲվҸùȥ֡
ȻǺܿģûһ˹š
ԵȻǹů͵ģҶýҶԭӵ׸һζ˵ĻҲʮζ
С¯ţ׶Ҩȡ
Χһů󡣼˳һٹ¶ǣҶαӣҵĻ»ݡߵǵ飬ǱҲ롣Ҷεһ͵կ衾ʹ򿪶ˡڻ¶ôһ衶ʱͻȻʡ
ȷʵľʳկǽõİ顣ͶɽͱڡռɽկѹʮսԲ𡣵ͥĵεòбʵҲͬȻͬһ
ǻϣʲôϸأ衲뵽ǰҶ̿õĶ
̿ʱûйңе鶼Ҷһֲٰ졣룬ǵҶεͼϺҲбעͼǰЩʱ򽻸˹ùĹƽ̿ռȥ뿴Ҫһ
תһ룬ȥʲҹؼѰҶθ㡣
˼ȥtͳԫʱˣǾûҪڴ˴衲뽫ԼνϣɽɽЩٳɳѾܹһ档衴¸һ㣬жסһߣԼڵϻض
ѩ׷ɵ·ίʵߡԭһгһһҹ
Ҳ˵衻˴ѩ˵ԴӽԺϿʼ˲ڤˡӱͲ󣬳˳ʳӿܻЩŪһֻһҡڤȲӣһӷֻһҡѩҲţüڲͣûˡ
衵ŵϾײһͷ˿޵ÿ˵ûôͷʬҪᣬżҴҵ϶ײġ
ˣϢüͷúܽѾϾˣ
Щӣæųկ𴦵ɣռ𿻵㽻˹ȥ졣Ϊ˾ռɳһ֧ȥôšͼֽѾһ£жˡüͷָһȥϢ
Ϣãͥռطǳ㣬عϡнѡ֮ĵ·Уռ¶Ĳס
֮δ˹
ʱ̫ϣҪʱظƺѰЩѵġǸõ˲ģǱ̿ҲҪķһաôһ飬ȻǸ߶ߴӵģûͦҪôǼ屧͵˼ңҪôССӡ
衳Ƭֻ̣Ȼظɡ
߶ǻصܼѾǰ˲ŵſڣ˴Ҵҳ嵽ҶεĸǰšҶԭΪڳկǱߴµףû뵽ôͻĶѾ˸£߶ҲǺܷ㣬ûżȥſӭ
衿һȺӭĿʶȺ˼ȦûҶΡ
ۼطɨӣ̲סЦһ
ʰԽԽˣ鶼˲١иˣϵҲûСڵ¶ߣֻǰҶҲһ䣺صĺܣôܲ߶Ͳ߶ˡôʱ
կǱߵѩͣû취ɣҲǰ׷ѹ򡣡Ȼ֪Ҷأ߶Ǽһ˳ӭǱôһ˿ŮӹЩɺã
ããôˣܼѾŵĵϻһ죬ùʳô
ҡҡͷһ·żϳûͣĵط

Ҳµû÷һ·ϣ˿еҲûѰһȺġɫѾܺڳʱҶͻԼԺЪϢȥˣȻҲý˽гġҪȻϲȥһȺ͹
æֲǺӣԼкġ
žüɱͶʵڲУԸȥǡҿϻظ໹еģ
䲻⻰˵һⶼþõ¶û뵽гһջᱻϸ˵
е㾽ȣصͷҲɡ
Ͽѵɬģ̲סЦˡҲûй֣Ƥӱ٩ǻＫطĸһ˵˻ϲŷ뿪
ŵǣҴһݡ
ݵʱѾڵֲָƻͨģҶִʻʲôɫʮרע
ʵϣϳЩҶҲ֪ġ˾ڶȻʮϳֵ쳣ҲǸӣЩ鲻Ҫ˵㣬һ˼ܲ³ȫò쳣ϺȻ˲õĽˡϵĶˡ
ǰǸ𿻵ͼֽԺлӡȻԸپһౡ֮˵ʵûѡһһͷȥ¡о仰λıȻվλþͱ븺Ρ
˵һ࣬Ҷλͼַûʱ˻𿻵Ĺͼ˳ƽǽصĹͼе˼ƶ࣬ǵƽһ̿ıġ
Ҷθĸ˹ϼһķѽࡣ֮һһܲ˵ġЩ˼ȫһһ鶼ԸҲỨǮȥ̿ġŪػ߻ǽ͸ұˡҧҧҲ̳
Ҷæһʱûע⵽Ķȷ˴սʱһȵĶĶȻӹͼоˡ
ˢŤͷһ˫۾
ϻһ˿Ϣڷ䵽Ҷεļġ衵ͷͼֽϵĶЦ⽥ȥɫǡ
𿻵ĹͼҶ֪ҪʱҲûжľţ𿻵ĳɱЩߡİӹÿ࣬ûôǮȥŪűֻ˻ǽͻصĹͼ˵ûлǰɾȫֻҪСҲõĺáҪǣɱͺܶࡣ
衱ȥʹȣչԵɡǰҲǹ̿ĻѣҲֻǻɡҶεĻ²ǻռҪԭ
ٹҲŪ̺ܲܶһ𿻴ԼҪѶٳɱ
פǱĸķǮӡҶ룬ĸһЩӼйٷʳ
ҶûʼС̯ʱж׾ݣЩһҲӡĸһ£ȷʵһ˼ҳǮ˶٣תͷҶѾõĻǽأ
ǽĽͼࡣǽͼ򵥣¯šǽ̴ֹɡ¯ſڻǽڡҲɽǽãγǽ¯ǽص̵ɲȵĿĶǽǽڿɸ̵ǽת
Խʱ䳤ЧʸߣɢȾȡ̴ͨůϣǽڳء򵥵ǽпغ¯ȿԭֹů
Ψһ⣬ǻǽйҪȽϸߡҶμ򵥵Ľһ£Ҳ֪ûУڵĹ첻̣ŲʡҲܶǿֻ࣬Ҫעͨ磬ܵġ
衶ЩҶζͼҲܿףܿƳɱô
ܡҶεͷõıЩҲǿԵġǿԣһǽ̿áǹⷽһİôӶùࡣ
˵ʵڵģҲùóְеһֵĻѡ̿˹ⲿ֣ùø֧Ǯֻù̼飬ѹͼ۸ЩԤ룬û顣ܴطȻҲʧΪһõ·ӡ
˼ţҶ޽ԫϵ⡣
Ҷεʱֻһ죬ڵҪĲȴûиȷķˣǰɳկķǴӺδģ
tɵò˳Ҷü
š˵ǹģղ뽨Ķ̨ͤ¥ԼʼҹͻʼұׯЩʮҪķ֪֮٣ҲͼɵذսõĻཬŪĶܹǲǿ⡣
Ҷգգ۾ĵǲǿ⣬ӦǱԡ
˼Ƭ̣ʵ๫ʱٹȥ
ǲٹȥġʲôѣҲص꿪ѩԺ˲tֻҪСĲǣֻȰѻ𿻵
ҶεͷѩͣˣҸȥһկɡ
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Ҷ°ͣԴЦ˵ʮ־ͨ˵Ҳұ֤֪һ


117 
Ϸ棬Ҫשʯ壬ҽ
Ҷΰѹͼֵϸϸ衽Ϊ˷ֹȱ߽䲻ճԸߵĻҽҶλҽĳɷҲ˵ϸȻǻءܹȵķΧޣø֮ͬЧҿյʺһ֣ܳеһ֡
ͼռͿ̲ݻ˽˰ͼ
ðͼһ֧飬Լֲ߽ĸӪصĽʿ˵죬඼ǸɹġֻҪ˴ָĻЩҲܸɵġ
衸ջҲûЪϢ˵Щ鲻ҪȥЩȻˣǾͰһе衲ǵʩ֮ˣȻҪҪյ֧֣ȻȻҪ֮£û͵°һá
ЩȻٲҶεЭҶ˵źӲ󷽱㡣ʩֻҪȥǡҶһ޼ҿɹ˿ڴ˴ܷ纮ÿȡٷʳ
ǰҶרõģӶʱרΪ˸սʧİʱסõġҶȶԺЩѵ˱ֻصԼļ硣ûвҶɴĳںĵط
ͬʱĵͷһ˼Ҵʱ졣
ưխͷڶġĴѩûɨѩѾԺӡΪѩ̫񣬳ز˴ӻݶשߵ߰˰ˣԽưܡڴĴع硣ӰӰ´µſվЩڽͷӶٿһеɵذ̾
ûˣһȴزס涳Ĵһ䡣
ŶʻḾҡҡͷүǲ˻·ûûûչſɲͶһҹûˡҷˣӷ˾һ׾ɰӡͷоӲˡ̫˵ȥŮұܱܺء
㣬Ķ䡣
ǰҵ岻Ҳǣûȹ
ү˻
˵ŻԺͽһȺˡ
ĵ붫ģܱߵĴӶװֵĵ塣פصıһײ˶ˡգ⻧˼ҵĹѾӶù
ĶѰвǼûӲ
פص˴Ļ˼˽ȥ˼Ҹˡȥ˴峤峤ҴҹҲ˳˴е㣬ʮֿؽ뵽ԼҼСӵ쳤Լذ̿ûǽص֪ĵ峤˵ͷĴ㡣
ôһ˵һʱﶼˡ
ͷһ˵ûĶȻʶĻɡ
ǽ𿻵ȶȷʵôЩ˼ӹúЩиջ衣߸ɴһ̨ͷ𣬵ͷһҲջģ᲻˯ҹ
ĵפرбȥˣ¾ͽط˿˵ˡ
塣⿻Ǻö
Ȱ˵Щǹ˲õĶѰϰձûǸȺöү°ǰ죬ǰӹÿࡣԻͼүصóǰҲŪϡ߽ҲŪүʦǼҼһ̡ѵôõʱǧܴ˰
⻰˵ģĴһܲţҶҪŪˡ
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פصıɰ׻̿ĲϻҪԸ͵ġʡ˹ǮѾܽʡһ󲿷һЩܹȥ˼Ҷе
ҪŪһգ֮ҲҪաһ˷ֳȥͬ˼ȥ̣˼ҵĴӵúķС¡һ¾ûееʱ衳û֮ǰͥĽټ£һֱڵ¶ʮڵС
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룬Ťͷӣȥⷿϲó
ԭӦñҵһϣΪɵİţԵʮ־Ȼ
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⻹кһأϽȥ㴩ʲô
û˵ʲôӽĻֹҶԸͦáʱֻǵ衴òĿΪﶼȥû֮ǰĺܡڼҵտţɲʱȾ纮
衵ͷû˵ҶΡ
Ҷ۾ӡ
³һȥѣԡ
Ҷδ˴̵Ҫ棬һڡ
СԴԺֵֹģھеץס˼ʱҲȷʵ˺ԺӺҶζá
һŶˡ
ŽҲû˵ҶεĶȹӿ˿ֻһ仰磬ż
Ҷһķȥڵذһ꣬˳㻹һ衻ѹҶе˯žôŲУߵö߶߶Ҳںӳ˵ʵŲۣ߶Ͳۡ
ΪʱҶλҧ߶ˡ
ҶҶþ˯ˡ˼Ѿ͹š
Ҷû˫̥ҶͬͬĸãҲǸСǼܡɱ˵˫̥жۣҪҶҲʱ˵ЩŻҶΣֻǽʾ֭ظҶδھ飺һҪʱ򣬽ǧǵøź
ҶζЧĺҲһ磽ʹķӲۣогû˵һ룬ɫȻͱˡһһʹӿ޽ǵ亹ؾð
Կ˿ȥ߶Ҷ۵öеԺˣӲ衱ߡ
֪˶ãҶθоԼ궼Ҫ˺Ų˵ˡҶģæҶòߣ˺£Ӳǰ˸ϳȥϿ˿衣ԥòðѶҲϳȥ衸˵һ䡮ͱҶθϡ
ҲȥҶβҪţϲԼǱģ̫Χۡ
衱Ҷô˵ҲգֻüͷҵŲŷġ
áҶκܼ֣ȥš
衻˵Ÿɴ࿪˿ڣүⵢʱҲǷ˵˼ȥͷרӵȲʱ
Ͽȥֱǳߣĥĥģ
˵ϣٵҲû취ֹֻؿһҶΣת뿪
ҶԭΪһЩҲжѡһͺķһһҹһֱʮʵĺӳʱһ㶼ʵǲҶνеЩûˣҪͷƬѹͷ£ƶҪػ˯ȥ
ﴫҽϿлζӰδ˼尾
ǰܹǳصˣϱ˼ܵĴ֪١δйӵ˼ͷһؿͷһһ˻˱һҡ衲Ծָ±紵ѩļҲûзӦ
Ҷνе̫ˣδô˺ѷι衺ܳ¶޼ƿʩ衲ɵ룬ֻҪһӾ͹ˡﲻҪĺӣֻһ͹ˡ
ڵȵٴȵڡдӤĿ衲ڻع
үһλСӣһλСӣ
űϲִϾϲЦãյŲѵһ򿪡һһҹû˯ƣȴڲסϲɫס衵ֶ̲ס衴ʱҲ˲ϰϣֻȥҶˡ
ڹȥһקסﻹûʰãȥҪġ
ҶǸ侲ӣӡ˫ȴӵģ°ȫѪˮʵڲΧۡЩżȴǵԭ
ȵҶҶʰãøɾֻѳ衲ڼҶΡ
ĻҲû˵ǼŨѪζһһ˳ȥѪˮҲĿ´⽫۾һҶȫԱԼԷӻһԵҡϿϱߣҪ죬һԵҶøӡ
һ£Ҷ죬͵ˡ
Ƴһ衽ʧűߵıӰʶǵġӣ״򲻶֪ŭΪЦ滢Ȼʱ׵Сذһ䣺ʲôֲȥӡ
Ҳ֪Լʲôˣ쳣
Сذ˷Ż˴ϣŻԲѵ촽ǰ׵ġ˵ҶѾҶʰһ飬ǽСȥͰˮ԰ҶδͷŲһ顣
Ҷһ˯÷ǳ˯հĵ۾һۣһûС
ƣҪԶĵƮһ仰𶯣š
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˵ȥߵһˮתιȥҶ˺üˮȥһЩ˵ǺԣðɣǺԡƺˡҶգգ۾ô飺СأкŮ
֮ǰڲ̫ˣ˵һ䡮ˡҶα۾˯˹ȥʱѹЩãôûˣ
ڲݣúտ
˼Ҷƽ࣬ûй̺ӣѰ
Ҷ˵ͷҲûżȥӡǾûۡ
ľпտգʵܡڴһԲ衺üۺһ㶡ô£
ôˣ
衿һ֪޾ӣ̾ϢһʶӶһԲذ˷ڴϡ߳ӣ˼档СģƽҶλ衻濴ˡһĸǰϡ
Ҷõģ˵ãһζûš
ҶץҨһһ̧ͷûΡ
ţܳΡԽ˹ԺҲûߣֶ˸ŵϡ衾ôö֮Ьӣ
Ҷһ£գŴ۾ţ
Ƥ̧Ҳ̧һ£Ťͷ˽ʳͽСʳУһһذڷŵϡһóǾ⿹ķζ˱Ƕͷһɫɫɲ͡棬һۣ˹˿ӡ
ԭǸʳ޲ˣʱȴƱʲôֵĹ긽Ƶġһ߳һһ߸пĺóԡƫڲֺã־乴ǡ
ҶΣ
㡣һ⣬
Ҷα;ûζļͦѳԣһԽ˵ģԽԽѳԡ̲غȥ˼һǰһȦʱžһѿϡ
ʰʲô
˹ؽ⣬Ƴһۣ԰𣿡
ȻûʲôζҪǲԣҶιƻܡ⵱˼ҳĺģֻܳԴ棬Ҫģ
㵽ҪʲôҶҲٶۣһ۾Ϳˡϸ衵ıóһۣôĸһף
衲㱻һ仰ҭס˶٣ˣʲô
˼Ҷεû̫ľı䣬衷ùֵֹģ֮ˡ
衣
ǲȻʲôŹ֣ҶƳһĺ⡣˵ÿˮģǿסǷ˰Ƶġ
ˣʲôأǳ̾˿СӾǸͬ˵ġ
ɵʱģϱӻⱲӣ侲Գ֣ЩԹ֪ۡΪΣҶԺԽ䡣ͱʱɶܱ
죬˵ʲôһƳҶΣɫ԰ףü֮жƣ֮ɫԼŭҲͦġ̾˿˿ӣ๫
˵ͻȻҶβ֪Ϊһ⣬۾
κʱҶҪվߡⲻ衵ĴҶζȷʵЩأʲôģʲôҶ๫ϣ԰ҵˣ׽ˡ
ҶΣ
Ǳ̬Ҳʱ򣬳ʱзϵʱ㶼һֱҶζǺҸţʵʲô鶼塣ʱĶȷʵ˴ţͷųˣϣҡ
Ҷǣͷ
ҲҪȱҲҪ޼᲻ݡʱ΢ҶһЩҲǿԵġ衻˿úӦҡ
ҶαͻȻһ˵Щ£˶٣²µ˵ʱϳ顣
򴽣û˵
衼ͷ˼ӣֵԺ飬ܲܵһεңƲȥ
ûаƲȥҶһû뵽衾Ȼ¹ڻ
˵ʱ衸ϳȥֻǵҪۿҵҲʲôβε⣬ֻһ˲óƺܺˣĳ˻ŮӵġʧȥδóأֵҲ
˵ĻҲϣȷʵ衴һ̶ȵĽġ
룬ʵҲûʲôý͵ģðɣ»ңͽŰɡ
û뵽һʱסˡ
˵Ķԣʵ˵ɻôãҶһֱûлֱվһ˵ĽǶȥ⣬衴ʱĻѾһˣڴ˵һҡ˼ãŻ͵ûʲôѣӦûܾáȷʵӦøıһ֪
ͣ˺һŻعǵЦԽԽ鲻֪ΪЩȡ
ܽǰİ˵һȥ˱ڻС
һؾˣ֪ҵ˼Ȼ㹻衱ǺϲӣϱһӶûСⱲһѾϡ棺ֻҪһӾ͹ˡ


118 
˵Ż϶һ벹ˡҶʱ򣬳ʱ򲹺壬ʶõơ
ôˣϸմһƼǰķüͷﻹûأϷʳˣ
䲻һͨʱЦҲÿҲǣ˵¶
ʲô¶ôżƽû˵ʱ˵ͷˣʮģﰡ㻹ûɣأһСӣܳ˯ôúܣ
СڶͺܹԣҶһ㲻⡣뵽ѾҲʵһ¡ͷһȡ֡Ҷǲóȡģǰļ֣ôòĿ䵽衵ϣѧȡ๫ɸ
Ҷλ˯գ衱ѾȦ˺ü֣һΪһΪͣһΪҢһסҾžͻͦáɽУ˺͡־£ײ塣Ϊأ
šⶫǹغһӵģҶܾһ˵ֳ˿ܻӰԸϸϸ֣ܾͣܳҢס׸Щ๫ôЩֶºͣ
ÿһҶλΪȡִҰ֡
Ȼϣǵĺƽ˳һ
ЦʺΪԼҲǸºˡƽ͵ӣԸӴһƬɽƽ˳عһ
ҲɡȻҶθѡףǱס
ˣĥŸøȡССӰᣬȡСҲѹһѹ
¶¶Ҷⲻ׵ĸ˼Ƭ̣벻ģɴ͵СǽġȻһ˸ȡһСɣиҲͦõġ
/衣
ò˵ʱҶε뷨Ĳһ
ȻӶѾҲıǰǻвʮվ͸أҪ׼ҲͦࡣȥأܼҵĳϦǼ¼ҹ˵ͬŹꡣ¶Ȼúúõһ
ҵСﻹǻӣϱС׶ֵúϲ£죬¶ʮ
ò˵С׵ĳĪİο˵ǾꡣϱֱҾôɳ˶ɿϺ޲ðһʢϴ磬ȫи
ʰ˾ںδ
Сӣ϶۵ˡ
µʣЦѾ·ϡ
ʱȥӵģϳһ뵽ȸĸҪʱЩڲסִ̧衼ӣ㣬ô¶Ҳ
˼£ЦܸҪһģⶼˣǱҲ㡣
ԳĬƬ̣֪ôξͺ۾
ĸôĬţã³һҲǣҲ¶Ѿ곤ҲӲʶ꣬ܳТҲҡˡ
ʱգϾвסѾʱȴûǲҪȥ̵ⷿһЩʲôдܡţûӸ˵ͳިȥӴ㡣
˵Դܼ򸮶Ͼ͵һӳʢλá۵ʮˣ˻ŵĺͲܹõģȫڴ˴
˼㣬̲סλдʣʰǿͷҲ㿪ˣڳɼҵǼһˡСǽһãӵĵﶼǴϻ۳֮ˣ⺢ӶȻʤǾȪ֮ҲܰϢˡ
ƽعȥΪȴίʵû뵽ܼҵĲˣʵҶٵҶˡ
ҶһȻŵģ⧲
䲻ظ涼Щ㶡ͷԡҶڿصʱܼǸʲôͷǴѩ죬Ҷһĸ˼ܳ
ҶʵЩϵģϵ治˵ʲôֻųų˵ҪŮ
Ŀģ˼ŮܲܲáŤͷӣҽҶҶöйҶһŮͺ۾˵޵Щ¡
ҶҶҲɵˣѩģ̨ܻǷʲô£
黹治ʣһҶõˡ˵ףҶһˣΪҶøϼӵĻ¡׮´ǰֵβûͣҶͯôƤǳΪϼҵĲƸҶץˡ˵ҶûТ˳ںĸⱲӾҲҪĸΪѡ
ߡҶ϶ԸŮһסмŮᡣҶųųһŤͷǸҪҪӡ
Ҷˢһ°ˡ
ϼʲô㲻֪𣿡ҶЩţǸӣһػô
Ҷô˵ҲֻǿޡЩҶö˵ˣȥģҶľˡʱûжݣ룺õĻ£ûϹʲô
Ҷñôһҭð˵
Щ˵ˣʱ˵Ҳû˼ҶϾһˣϼǮǼѾˡΪ˸ֳֶ˵ףͰЩӻˡϼǼҪҲòѵŵһ˱˱𡭡
ϵ֪ҶΪ˼ңʵǺʱģţǰȰһ죺׼ңʲô²ɣǡıߡ
׼ңҶҵļ¡
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˿ҶãҶֹġ˵ʲôƺ˼Ÿ棬ûͱҶùȥҲ޹ҲֹӶˣ֪׵ûŮ˿Ѿָܰľһվһ߲˵
ҶһģһΪҶûԹõùõģһӿൽͷòе㰲ӹ͵ɲɣ
ҿ㣬˭أҶңֻҲʮ꣬һӣͲĺһô
Ҷһҭ˶٣˵ʲôϼﲻˣ
ʱգҶѾϼҵĸۡŹټ̫̫ĿϼͷҶϷȥϸԴãϼһŵֻҪҶü޹ԸҶһȥģǫ̈̄˶ϼҸҶҪ׼ˡ
仰˵Ҷò޸ϼңҲȢˡҶϾԼҲǲŮˣ˵ûзϼҸԣ
һӣֻҪԵúôúãӾûѹʱ򣡡
ҶûʲôͷһӾǶУξҲûճ⡣ϼҵĽӼãǲܹϳĺӡӵ䣬漸ӵĻ¶ܶҸǴ˼ҵĹϼҵҶҪ׷ˡ
СŵЩеûġҶһ˵Ŀǽ˵˻鶼һǳ󶼲ҪֻҪмҵڣⱲӾͲܿࡣ
˵ϣҶû
ѾͷúݵİܼֻԼ
ҶһģŻǵĴ۾·ǰĶӵĳһ㣺û˵ˣﶼ㶼ӦⱲʲôôһĳݶŮҰѻ⣬޹ȥվ͵Ÿʬ
ûſ˵乫ҶϺײ
һ޶ϵļƣһ˶ˡҶۼֿסûײɹҶǲȥҲˡ
Ҷÿ޵۾ˣû취õû˱ҶϵӡִҲִ֡ȰҶ̱ڵϣ޶޲ҶûܼҾô·żɻƵģվͰ˸ϳˡ
׮·ͻȻҶ֪ʱѾϡ
ҶٲٵģԥƬ̣ҶҶôߵ˵ˡ
Ҷεһ˲ʱģ
絽ģ˾ˣ˾ߡ̾˿ͷһؼôŪ
ʵϣЩ֣һġҶ˵ЩܼҪҶҲûô֡һҲ飬˼˼Ҽ¡˵ףףһ˸ûвֵȨ
ﰡ
ʱҶɫ䣬ҲЩʲô£ֳҼ׼ĸһһ޶ϵģǼǲĿĲݡ˵仰׼ĸֱײǼƣһԿŶ
˵ͷҶϷͲǺӡҶʹưߣҲû뵽ֳЩ¡˵ףҶûٸеϵҲ̨Ǳ߳ʲô۶ӽҶϴѩܣҶһ˼ɫЩѿ
ϼɫѺӷŻҡ¶Ҫһô
϶ҪܣϵһӵҸ
ҶùǸҶҵ棬ѻ˵̫͸ҶοɲǼ˵˼Ƭ̡ɴ߲ˣǷöķǸɫĶ䡣˵ӹŹ֣ЩŮϼΪӣҶӡҪôϼóĺôҵĶҪôҶʲôѱˡ
ȻЩҶεĲ²⣬ȻҶôҶϹûôǿӲʱ
˺ðûӦ
̧ͷҶΣϵɫʱֻУȻǸ䣬ôܰŮ޸׼ⲻǰҪϼңһӶˣ⻹ĵ𣡡
ûҲǽŮȫȥǮԭĵҶϷ޵Ŀأʮ޽ܼҡЩµҲûó˵ıҪʱТҶǿǶԷޣס컹ǵס졣
ǣ૵߶䡮šš
תͷԼһʱ˽Щżˣǣ˶ˣô찡
˲ߣӦûûʲء
ҶʵҲǺҶõֻƬв²֪ġ˵ûа̡ԲȾǹŴִͬҲҵһȺ塣ʱŮ˶֪Ǹ䣬ҲὫӵѵŮϡ
޸һ䣬ڻһӡ
๫أҶʵڲʺ߶ûա廹ʱ򣬵϶ӣҶҲû취Ϊ
ʰôһ£ףСȥˣ
˲˵Ż衾ͱһ߻зȻ֪ϼǸʲôҲԼ߳©ԼйصϰԵƿص
˵¶Ҷ˵衿Ͳ¶һСС̼ϼңҲͺŪŪҶû档ǵҵҸͷһ鶼ǼҵļҵסοϼЩҲûʲô£ôغҶϷޣ
߹ѵϣһϸںһ߱¶Īģˡ
䣿
š۴䵽ǰͷתɸЩ
ǽȥҶεҲûʲôɵĵġ俴ɢʵͦɴġҶκþû֣뵽Ҳûгܼҡ˶٣ʵ๫䲻ڰôôȥ̨ˣ
̨ǱЩҪûϸ˵һˣȻ׼
Ҷգգ۾²¶Ƹ꿪͢սйءϲȲҶȻʣȴʵ̫ϸ˵ͷҶڷ󿴿Ҷҿ衣ȻһŹֵ⣺ʰҼǵҲжʮô
ţͻȻ⣬ЩӦ
ô
衣
ҶΣ
Ҳһ䣬ҶηʮɻӣЦʣʡ
ҷģ׮»Բϼҷˡ
˵ԲҶβһķǳִ١
Ǹϴ˾ټܼҡ̬С׶ֳ㹻ӡ̫⺢Ӷϵ壬Ȼǰݼڡ̫үСӱڻв֣Ӳ˵Ϲ˵첻Сÿ
ҶûǺ˵Ͽϣô䣬ҶҲˡ
˼Ȼˣûٻȥڰڱͥǿ;ӡǼȻǿ;ӣﶼһġܼҵĸۡҲǣɴûߡҶʵЩڡﳤ̫࣬¶ѵù꣬һҲǺõġ
һıȥ껹Ҫ֣ϵЦݾûϹҼĸǵ˼ͨ͸ˣв顣ɵǣĸһ֬ˮۣ˵Ǵյһȥ
˱ģ˸Լһױ¡ʫ飬Ҳ˶ҽԭҶεڸҩĲ٣µŪһҽСĸСĸɴӸϸҶεҶһӣʮա
Ĵ߶ʱǿ٣ݶÿࡣһ꺬ŵĻȻƵģ޹ɫⳤݱҼĸޣʱ϶١
ҶЩΣָѾĶ·ݡ
´Ƽһѩͻˡ
һյկڿԿЩǵ鲻õģ衵ѩһȥɽͣµɹҶҲûе飬ոȥ˳կȱʳ˻ûдʵһӵ߷ʱΡ
ʱѩѾˣʳδȥһպеĴҲѾľˡߵûӵĿԸߡ֮ɳկ̲ݻ
ػȻܰæǾ;ܵذæ
ҶҲɽȥһţϽһҴȥկ


119 
캮ضļڹȥˣڴѩļڹȥˡ
կʱǰϦ죬ĹկһԡΪǰɽк͵ڳկſڡ½ȥ̨ɽ˳կͱֱȥ衵Ӫʡ
Ҷιһãֻ뿴ǲܰæĵطԴ࣬ҲҪɽӦֻԼٺ˱ǡ
Ƿ̹ϵİҲغܼҵҶȻ⡣
ͬʱկɽԼලʿʩ
˵Ҷ֮ǰļ๤˾Ϊ¶ü
𹬺Űӵ޽ûбõˣȻɵļȨ塣˲ڳկʱգϵȫȨڴ˵صҪԣöɽֱӶ衸
ȻŲסߵ̬ɹƿ
Ѯһt޽깤˵ཬשΪҪ޽ѵͨ⡣Ϊ˱֤tļ̣˴صǿǽĺȡڲtռز㣬ǽἷѹڲռ䡣ڲռԺǲtԳפء
ͨˮڲˣһͶ̻֮ġȥܻὫͷ׶̫ԣ״ĶЧȻͻۿۡ
ֵĶһͱ衸ʱεľء
ҶδʹկĽʿ빤ѾͣЪϢˡtʱòԫȴȽϷ㡣ཬȥЩĺķһȷʵľʵդҪ̫ࡣ
ƵҲһȵıһûô
ҶһϣճЩճøι̡˵ι̣϶ǻáỹûлֶﲻϡ̶ֳȵһҲ㹻ˡ˵ּ꣬߰ʮ϶ǿԡ
˻·ֻƵػǱȥ
ΪҪĲtڲṹûȷػĿǰֻһķĻܡʵtһڵãڲ첢ӡֻҪ֤Ұﾡ򵥾͹Ҷطתתȥ´Ż˵ҲʮעĿ
կﱾŮӾ٣ŮӾ͸١Щ˷ִ˵غȻ˸ŮӣһʱȻ档
˵կҲŮӡ󲿷ǳկάƺճӪĺڡҪչ˻߸ʳͲɹ߻һӪвľڴ˴ҪʱΪ߽Ľʿ磽߶ģЩ߷ĸˡ
ʱżɳկǷȱΪ֧ԮɺóկʱҲĹ˵ءҶòĴûй
ҶΧŵػתһȦȥԫ
ȥһ£ǸԴҶδ˴˵سɽһЩʵĽ֪ǲ֪ġΪ˲עĿصػ˷жİӡ
չٵͷȥˡ
תͷĿҶε۾һע⵽Ųǵ˺ջָָ
ǽͷصҶδ˽ȥʱͷͼ
մͼֽĻʲ˰նһկҶԵؿţȻһ
ͻȻתͷһŮӣʱüͷ˭ģȥ
Ҷգգ۾Ҳû̬ȣָͼֽtඥȸɺ˲ľãҪԹĴߡһã߷ɳƬױ䡣ɱߣկɵľѹƲá
㵽ǺˣûҶ˵ʲôǰʧ棬ı꣬õ˵ģŮӺҴҪأˣҸϳȥ
ҶΣʲôԴ˲ܸʵµġ
կæ̨սԲԺ󣬱ظϡսȻҪɣżݣ͢˸ͻƲˡ
ҶϼߵĴЩѿ¶Щ˵Ҫȥĩ˵
ҶΪǰżץҶûȥʵϼҸҶҶż׮¸ҶɽɣزҶҶҶҸĸĸס̨УξֻҶ཭ɵǣҶ཭ıûУλˮǴԺЩƮˡ
ӳªֲڣľګ˵˼Ҵ˼Ů硣͵͵ظ̨һŮˣӴԺ󡣱˻ҪҶ϶Ȣø۲Ҷͯõó
ûУϼеġɵǣϼҲżô¶һΪҶңɴ˸衹ϹϵҲϼԽԽƣ˽ֵ嶼ЩëˡؽȢϱţӸסֽͷЩĹϵնһɶ
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Ҷͯ϶ϢһȻǰСŮֳȥӡ
¶ֻ˽֪Ҷñ̨ҵĻֱӶ¡ξ⣬ҶóǰϦϼӶ֮±ͱ֮ڡ
һֵǽһǷ꣬ϼ̨Ԫڵձڶ԰֮й֮¡ʱԸ֮ݴͼ̨佫ԪѽڡտνǳеĹƼڴˣ಻ĳϡ
ǲĿĳһ˲ŵ˼ڳĸ߹Ů죬ҶϷҲĿáҲ˵׮¸Ҷ˶Ӱ˵ϼΪ³׳ȫĶ
ϼҵ泹׶Ҷϸϼĸֱһ˹ȥ
׮һҶҸϼҵĻ¾ͳЦѾ׮£ҶһԸŮ޹ȥǰԼҵƤӵȥ¡ҶͯҪģΪ˩ȫ˿ȥҶϵãȻҲΪƤϼһõĴ
ҲԲˣϼԴԺҲһǧɡ͸ֱճѪùƵģû⣬ĳϢҲܵΪ˺
һһϼԹ˲Ͼ˲ϸҶҽҶ߾͸Σò϶ֱ˾ٱ㿷֮ޡҶ཭òװѧԺֱӰϻǱŲɿڣǴӵŮޡ
ҶҳƲҵģ벻ӽʵڱƵû취дҶҪǮû䵽Ҷ衸ˡ˸;ҶɽС
ҶɽĴʽɴ䣬˵Щû˵ֻҶͯһ
ҪҶ཭ҪҪȫҰһǱס
ҶɽĻҲ˵ĲأǸҶͯ¡һԼҪ֮ءһҶҶҲСгɾͣҲҪġ϶Щ£ƱػᵢҶӺͼֶֶŮ˵סѡһ׮ȻǿҶԼҶӵҪԡҶ߷ڣֱӻӰ쵽ҶӵĹؽС
˵ľԣסҶͯǹ˵ġ
Ҷͯڿ֮Ȼûԥ˾ֱӰҶ཭һӸֳȥ
˵Ҷͯ಻壬漰ϢĴӺӵСӣȻԽòˡ϶һҸֳȥΪ˷ֹ϶һҴϴͷ¶صؽȫϳ̨Լдҳ׼̨
Ҷãڻ±ȡԺ¶˾ģԼеļҵҹ̨ܳ
ûٻضѰҶΣԼһߵġΪֻ֪ҪڱͥҶǻҵٵӣƲӳУξվ͸һ̶ӣ̨һ·ϡҶþҪȥһҶҲĵطúõĻһ
衵ҶҸϼҵԺûйעҶãȻ뿪˱ֲͥԣѾǶµס
ʱҲᣬ˵Ϊ¶оǸ⣬Ҷдһš
ҶûڶûյʱڳկյһҶõšżĳʱȽ磬֪ҶĴ㣬֪ǰдš
ҶЩ𾪣ͬʱҲⲻҶĹ
֪û£ҶξͷĥţǲǸðԭרҵģԼһơһǸͼҶξ壬ʮ㲻Ķկ߱Σûôй˷ѡ
˼ȥģݸȥһš


120 
ɵصĽص㣬ܽķկҶʶ뵽ʮʢŷĵﱤ
ǿ׵ġʹľʯƾϵķʮֿɿعս͵ϮȻֺϮ˵ҲŷڼսҴʤǵﲻɣȴģ£һͬȽṹﱤ
Ҷоֵﱤͼġŷ޵ĵﱤڽսʱҲйɹﱤ̫ԭɽ÷ƶ겻
Ҷθȥŵͬʱʵʽʽŵ㣬ƳһָʺϵĶա
ǰĳկĿǵͻʵϮִ֮½ɣṹȻҶϸ۲˳կĽṹԺ󣬳ڲϽ̵⣬˳ܽƵĲơ˵ɾ͸ɣȥһűݵһĽṹͼ˶ܡٶܵ⡢ִ⡢վΪֹʱ˵صս亾
ڲtǽ޷ͨ⡣ʵҪְֿزֻҪнṹ֣t̨ϣ²ڿգִر
ʱǽ岻ǽ񣬶㹻Ŀռ䷢ӡ
ҶһͼͼҲӦļ㡣ƫŷʽĵﱤȻ̵ģֳһ̬ʱҲߵġƵİԲ͵ʽܽʡɱӺ󱳱˱̣ͷЧԶʽ
ǵͥԱ·Ǳͥڲ򣬸·ǰŷСǰΪһ̵ĿԽСĿǰ˵Χʽʵá
ЩֻҶε뷨ҪôŪ衸սԲٽİϾҶͼ½ûаǾԽɵġһ󹤳̣Ҫ񡣲Կ϶ԳֻһۣҶξͿʵ
ʱҶֱӽͣɹֻ̡˷ʡ
ͥǿຮ֮أͲԣȥַ꺮˰Ѿ׽⣬ûжʲڴ˵˷ѡܼ˵ṩҶҲϲЧ
ɹ̱ͣһ¼ΪѰɽָ˵
ɽҶǷǳصġҶǸǳ׵ˣԭ򲻻ӵ¡Ҷ˵ؼһͣľȻǷ˲֮
ɽӦ衡
ԴǼΪ˵ɽȨı˽Ź֮¡˻ߵ߳ɽһױһ׵СоɳկҪԣи緽ʽҶεţȵż
յżüͷϸߡò˵Щ츳ɿ
衵Ҳûƫ壬ֻǲɽΪô
ڸϻص;Уӱ޵ֱܼҡصҲδҶΣϳҶկ
Ҷκķ˼켸ҹϵؿկĵεòʵʱͼڴڼ䣬ҶλüµĴҵӪ̺ϵɻᶨʱߡƹ˵һѡӪģʽȴضҶ״;Ӫ״
һǴȥٹµġҷϵġûյҪš
׮µ鲻ãҶæͣתݡ
ʵϣȥѵһĿẮҶηǳĸоܻ˻ĸоҶβǵԭǷй֣սڷɺǻʬġ
Դ衾ϷһֱϵĶڻʳʡȥΪܼðȥһֵʳʳļҶһڵĽȸУֲʱʶƫ˶ֲͺͺﲻ࣬ӡ֥顢סǡ
ҶҲȷʳֲֻ֣żȻõĺڹȥŲ˵ѾܹռֲĲʮ־ˡ
䲻ȴҲ¡ֲȥæҶڵȴ衻ŵʱգڰֵľ
ºܿ͹ȥ衵˱Ļĸ졣
衵կĵգӪǰͷһɻ𣬿衾ͨһÿһ仰оΪֹ
ӪĶСһһ䶼ش֮ڡҶпţе߳
Ӫһƿ˶
Ҷһ棬ѪɺȻסĿؿҶһһ߹ߵ衵ߡ衿һ˲ŷĹȻȻֽ̧Ҷ޽ǵͷ𵽶󣺡ӻָôôԼһܵ
ĳկɵ顣ҶƳһ۵ϵ壬ʱɫȻҰףд㿴ûУڳկɵлҪ˵
ţû壬ֻҡҡͷĲִ٣δյ
ҶεͷתͷԴˣͣɹҵ⡣кβ˵
ͷ亹һ˲ðԴ忪ʼҶʵĻҲ˵ֻګګӡ
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Ƴһŵŵ壬ҶνӪʡ
û뵽ձ߳Ů֪ˣʱ͸ǫѷЩѶʪ͸ˣͷ󺹵ظȥҶѾõͼ̯ϡÿһͼҶζϸµעڲϸڣƽͼͲͼͼͼ
ҶλͼķʽȽִӵһռ˼ά֮һӻ˲䱻һưˮ͸ĵͼĿǰ๤Ļ˵ǻġ
Ҷν͵ĺϸֶ๦һķյﱤЧãʱ̫ҸƫֻʽܹʡһϵĽϡҲ̹ڡ
ţҶε
Ѿ졣
Ҽʱʹõཬճ϶ûﵽԤڣ߰ʮû⡣Ҷ̧๫կĿǰѾһĹģҵͼؽկĽʿȥɻҲٵðꡣ
Ҷôһ˵衵üͷЩ̫ˡ
ȷʵеá㹻ܶ£㹻衴°ࡣ
ֻܷһ룿ԭȵԤ£Ϊ¡ҹζ࣬ʵֻΧһ֣ô
ҶĿ䵽ָĵطһ˼ͷȻԣǺⲿҪ
һԲվһԣоԼ·صڹʱʱҲǱϻۣ뵽ʵõķӡЩл㱣ҶεҲûΪ˵ɲɣȷʵǶ֪ʶġֻ˲ѧá
Ҷ˵ͼʵ⡣ȴܳڵغڳկôҵ֣ҪǣСײųûصӵȥҪеִС
Դ˿ףҶһڲ촽Ȼڵ
һ龪ѣͷС˶ˣˡ
ս亾ˮȶӦںδ
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˵սսҶȴ۾ԴҲǶģôƫţǼ⣿
һ仰ͨһֹȥͷС۲ʶ̩ɽð񼫡Сһ
ҶεҲûվֻ˵һ䣺֪ʶǲеģԴ˻ҪЩʵ¡
ˣȥɡ衲ִٸϹб¡Ȼöһͼ鰴Ͱ༴ɡ
ӹһ٣æؾ˳ȥ
һߣ衱ҶȥҶοӻЩ죬գŴ۾衺ЩݣѻƵ۽޵ʹסƺ˼οڡҶοģһȱǮֵ
۽һ˶٣ѵؿڣʲôֵ
Ҷ˼һ£վһǰһ°΢΢һֲһֵֻĳǰһ죺ûǮˣҵӻ
衣
Ҷǲԣһڸ׳н
衲ûôֱ׵ĻҭѪãһȵȷʵЩȱӡۼжٴ
汻¶ˡҶҲûҪʲôֻʵҪ٣
Լʮҡ
ʮ֮ǰҶο϶òûҵĲƲԺͲ⡣õóҲǴѪ˼Ƭ̧̣衡
ȥͥ˰ղʮάľЩ׽⡣Ϊ˱֤ڲ֮أȫ׼Ѿ˵ڣĻ㲻ѿˡѮһ͢ս⣬ЩҲҪʽ֧֡
Щ£
еǣɵڿѬ졣˳۽ͫӰӣսδС
ҶͶˡҪڿս֮ǰȷսеʦ˳ˮۡȻٲҵ⻹ңԿϡ
ҵڹȣñȽԶҵġܼԼҵ⣬Ҷʱû㶯
˵ţҶνĵַ֪衣˳ҲԿ׽ȻѮҪսһµʱգʱȡûڳկҹָϻ˶򡣲֮ǰկɵ齻ȥĿǰΪֹҶڶš
Ҷβᶢọ̈̄ȳȷ뿪һ磬ͽǷͼȥ˹أټйһ˵ᡣϾµЩ͹ۡ
Լ˵ɵĹ̾ˡ
֮ʵҲ̤ʵ˲١Ҷʱȥۣ󲿷ʱնڶšʱһζ͵ѮĵػѾڲṹҲƻúáһԫҲѾ깤˴룬ûи͸Ҷο¶ֻҪȥ㲻ӣ׼ظ׼ߵĵգһ̶֧ӽ
̶֧ӻˣǳ̼ˡ֮ҲˣδĳСү
˵̼ȥĺҲ˳կСİڳ̼ˣկĽʿǶһڵġ̷ɽû˼ټ
̷һǳõϢһΪڻ壬ʱ֮·ϲɱ̶ӡ֪˽ҵϢȥССڻҰıǣԼ˶Դ߾˼̶̼Ӵ˴˽ɱء
̼ҵʦĺ£һʦܴʮ˶ʮˡȥⱵʱ򶼲ҶԳ̼ʦӶ֣ɼ̶̼ʦܴ֮ڻĿŵĽɱ̶̼ӣĿﲻ˵ĳҲ˵ȷʵ
Ϣ׼ȷ𣿡ɽصõ棬׵Ҷ
̷ͷڻƺͻʵ֧֡
̷ˣܵկѾǾƣɽ˽̧ȥ˾ҽӪʣɸ봫ŸԼҶڹ˹Ǳ׼ӭս
ͬʱԭڲȻһ󼥷ʱĻ糱
һʱ䣬ֽ¶ʵķʫڴСﴫڰԭ˶֪ȴľ飬û˵˶ĬȻ˲һ伤ǧˡ͢ľһӾ೯͢ĵײǷԹѾ޷ơ
㳯͢ʼسʹЩ˽ﴫҡĵѧӡ˵ˣͼձ죬ȻԽץԽѹƾԽҡ
³衹ȻɶԳ͢ս
ʱկɹѾҶҶڻʱѾ̽͵ϮһҶ򸽽ĴׯΪŴĵף̫ĶֻСӡǰоһޣսһߡ
εɧţҶߵİտ಻ԡ
߳կҪߵķҲҪӹ̡ԭƵͼֽǸĵν죬˶þһҶȥͬʱҲڻض·ϡ
ͬʱѾԽݣɹƺӣ˷Ӷ
ӱƣ֮ס⣬Ǵִơ˳߲һƣֱྩֱ߶£µĹֱӹ˴ǳءδӦʮ߾Ѿٳ¡
鷢ͻȻӦྩǰʮ߾ڳӪʱʵȴں󹬸ŰϷ
Ϊ˴̼¿ϣʽ˺󹬡ʱܣ鰮Ϊ˱ʾԹƫҹѰ֣ľй
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ྩŴȨһשͷʮŸǹ١ûũģ󲿷˲һݺľǼҲҲöڳڡ
֮˲һϣҲܶǡ
֮һƬңսѫǸˮ˵Ƶģһš
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˵Լͳȥö屻ڵϣ޶ݣŵһ֦÷Ӧ䡣ͨ׵İķѣȻվӷڵء
صһ죬δ빬
ֻ¶ͭ۹ɫԼȻתܡһŵùɫף֪˺¡ЬӲֻڵϡǶ˶ٸϽ׷ȥһ׷һ󺰣ȴȫȻˣԹŭسӴ⹬
νΪĹװĵʢݽӳĵ÷·һŭŵĻ
ֻױ̨ǰΪԼ㻨Ĺһƺݺݵϡϸʵʱׯϳ󣬴СɵĶǴֻһưѹϸߣˣƭң
䲻رһˣҴң
ö嵽ʲôûڶǸͲǳ
ϻһţ˲䴹һ޹ίرҲ֪˵ʲô
۾һ˲ˣһץסͷݺݵؽԴױ̨ϡصһ죬һҽУȴĺݶң


121 
˵ľжǴԺƲġ
¶ԹܴӹѪһ˿һƵ͸
һ޹ռȵռ˼ҵŮݣʹΪܾͣ衣޹ĸԵĸŮص˼ֻ䣻޾ǹ֪ܣö֮ռĻ¡´Ҫ޾ͼõӣǰˣȴǹ׶õδ
ǰ룬ǹûռȵضĸȰһ˳졣
Զǵõϻʱĳһڱ˼ң԰ʢŵĻ֮һµСһƳһġ
Դص˼ң̫̫ܵ಻ĶԴǹ˼ҹѪȴһµĹʹĸΪβܹԴΪܵĿָõĽ˶Դ֪˲ýӻ
ĸΪ˱ȫֻܼù⡣
Щ¶ܣСûеõĶҲաΨһܲ˵ľԼϲ˾Ȼǹδ衸ǹ˼ҶŮδʵϣӦģδϲˣΪʲôҪø
²⣬ܲˡ޹ֹѰûá˼˸
Ϊ˶˼˼ҸĸȻн綨׼޳ȥĴ㡣һ͵˰гԺ󣬹ºȻͶһСֻᱻ˰ڲСֻҡβܸıˣ֣ԥץסˡ
Ȼ˾޴ת䡣һùˣ˱д˼׵ĵŮʵϻλ˼¸ͷϴ
´δڣֻҹλԺǳһòҲõ
һֱһӲˡ衻ˡֻʱվͻˡȻˣȻӡָˡǰ΢СҪĵòǴŮˣֱ׳õҪˡ
Թ¸˽ס
ʵϣ¸ı䲻˵ˣȴԡһѷĵ˹˳µĹ׹̳ͨ˼Ҵ󷿵ĶԣܵżֵܽԹޣڹ˼ҵĴü
̶̲£ʹܾ谮ĶŮɨǡ¿óޱȡ
֪ΪΣǰʱ˼ҺȻʵá
ܳ裬¸äϹĸΨͼĹ˼ˡǱˣȴվһߣɹ˼ҵķв죬Ծ˼¡
ǰӵظһΪ˵Ļᡣ
Ӧ˼˵ĻᣬӦģֻĻ£衵»׵ʱԭΪ᲻ͬ⣬Ҫõֶαһ˭֪Ŀǳ̰Ľٵļ壬ҲûʹӦˡ
ͬ⽫衵ԼռȵлԼ˶׵
±Щ죬תһ룬ʱΪ־ú⡣˾һֻƤİǣͷβûԵġ
ǸͲǵĶ˫ĿѪ죬ץŹ콫ˤϣñɵˣ
֪»ᴩȴ㲻ΣԼܹң
û뵽Ȼеӳʱȥһơ
ҲǱӡԭû֣ҶǳƾʲôҪãЦһʱҧץס˹µͷ
˴һԱ˫Ĺ˶Ҫŷˡ
վһ޲ߣҲ¸ͨĹŮӲͬǼǰ¸˦û취ֻܳȥˡ
ֹܹ˵˻˭ֻдĻʵʡ
ķǳ죬Ź¾ȻȥӴ⹬ŹǶ
һźĹ֪˼һಽظһ߾ڸпͲסˡ嵽Ӵ⹬ȥˣö԰
ߣ֪˾ͺáãܿ͵Ӵ⹬
һӴ⹬Ѿͣˡ
³Щץˣͷ˺ö˶˵վš׵ĲܿͷҲͺһ飬˶Щܿ˻ûߵǰȻس嵽ĸǰͨһµؿ޵£ɵø
״ǳһ֡ؽԼ޵ǽһңʺﲻ׾ͳˣ㿴ѳ檴ӡ檵㡭
óˣû˵꣬ȴѾǰߵµߡ
򵥵һ仰ͽйĿȻֹɴ۾ŵͷվڹ¸ǰˣ鿰𾪣Щ͡ʴʱȴһۣԹԵǸ˵·óԸè۾ϹĶܿá
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¶ֽ̧ҵͷ۵ĿڴϵʱɱһţֻҪϿڸϴκ㿴Ų˳۵޶ܴ
ƽƽһ仰ڵϵĹƲסز
ȻͿ޲ˡͷӵַֻ߬һе£ǲ⡣Ϊô˱ȴӶֻ˹Ĺ£ʮ¶ǳ谮ЩЩ࣬Ǽٵ
ϵѪɫһһʾһľ㤴ĵ
˶˵ʥϳ谮µħΪκ£һֱΪǹװǻơ²һʲô¼ӣʲôûֵñ³谮ġڣеоµĳ谮ġ
һ־磬Ȼǹȫ̽䡣ʢһʱľΪµһŹ򣬾ˮ°㳹顣µĻת⣬ǧ춼ʧɫַǷӴ⹬Ҳһ塣
Ҳ˵һùӳȵףڱʮδ빬ǰ
ྩڣλྩ⣬衽ӵֻ߱ЦԷǡʻ޿֡ƶྩ»ǵ治ѾϾй鰮µڶ˴ŸԸһ֮ʱ衻Ȼüͷ
ӣµʲô˼ˡ
һʢһʱĻʺ󣬸ӵˣŸٳµĵо˵ԸӦ׶˲飡
ȴ㲻⣬Ϊ¾ˡϱͬ£ԥ
ȴʼ磬ԴӶԺɰתսݳھӪȷġۿŴȥı·޴ʱͶ˵õһαȫԼĻᡣǸˡЩ顣
ûɫѿŮδ̫ݶЩ
۹۱ǣǹĵ˵ĻȻ˿ڣӣô죿Ӧ𣿡
˵߾ΧྩҪྩȴô׵ġ
ྩʵǰ߾µĳǳزһྩǴࡣ༸ȫȨ۾ڴˣ͢ȻܲʹʵǸǳˣλԺ󶯵ıǽǿıྩ
߾ѾΧྩ£ȴ޷ʮ֮ڡɸߵĳǽ֮һŹ֣͵ʮ̨͵һɣɱǿǼˡ
ڵȣྩڵļʸľǲһǡڱضнţ
ྩսƣҶʱ״ҲܺáѾ̽Ӵ̽Ҷǰڻ˻ļҶβЩʲôʱ͵Ϯͥ޽ﱤ֮¿̲ݻ
ҶǱͥߵĴڣһƣƽ޴תͥĴ󲿷ֱ衴ȥľΪסϾҲ˴롣ʣµıͶ׵롣һͻɹŽҪסһߡ
仰˵һ߱ڻ˴ͨͥڲû㹻ıǣסڻˣǽูءʱм߾ܵС
Ҷβ鷢
ҹϵҶҶξʹȥҶȥ̽Ρ֮⣬ͷɳȥ˶ɳȥ̵ʱ˽ҶĸطǺݵءȵȡ
ͼǳ֮죬կľǰҶֻҪҶĵԼӸĶáѵòνʱ޽ٶȺկΪȽ˳ΣֻҪԭĻϣֵĵҶҪͷ
ܶýɣ
һꡣ
ҶμõĹһأ
ԴӱҶδҲ̤ʵࣺҲٵðꡣ
̫ˣڻЩʱʱСǱǷֱͥѳһճǣ϶ŵѪζƵĲǵıж٣ֻаˣ˾ܵĻҲǡοڻ˰ѳ̶̼Ӷˣ϶
̫ˣİ취Ҷüͷ߶ĥĥȥɰ˼صİȥԼӴ֣ʱ̣ðյ
ðյǲУĶ˲֪˵ģûһֶΣոԸ׹ȻǸպôЧ϶ֻͬ޽ﱤһǳǮƵḶ́ͥ˰ղ֪ܲܳס
ٰܲܺգԹ֪ܲС
Ҷȥִ߽طϢ֮һʮǮһšŮܸɡ
ڹ˹ͷһθҶι£ʵ˵һζԻо𾪡
ؿеҶΣûӦѾȥˡҶζͷֱֿʼˡ޽ﱤ϶ģֻܼϣڵһԫ޳ڻ̤㱱ͥҲһķá
صﱤ޽ãҲҪھһЩܲĵصǵּ˵ȫսҲǱ޿ɱ֮¡Σýڻ˵ڱ֮ͥ⡣
Ǻصսλսս־޴ʱܿĻǣסˣϿˡ
Ҷθо˹ʱͼҪԣʱĵͼͼǹģϸġʱͼҲȫ棬ĳЩʱ򻹳⡣
˼֮Ҷ˰ڹ˹ָ˹
ڹ˹ѾԸȥٰ޳ԫʱΪʲôԸ
ڹ˹ؿ֪ڻ״Եһֲ֪ġ
ڻǸСڹ˹ڻ˽ǳ١˵ͥܵţ֮صֻͻʺɹšɹЩΪɹŹңϵ͡ͻȴͷβûйͣʱΪͻ˻ССڻδע
ڹ˹¶ɫҶεҲԾֱˡ
ҵ֪һˣһֱվڽûҶӺȻ˿ڣ֪
ͻȻĳҶһ£Ҷع̧ͷ˭
̼ˡ
ҶȻ֪ҶθСү֮飬˵⻰ʱЩƮڼ䵽Ҷεϣɫֵ̼֮˳ȥһ·ǳϤڻһ·ϣǻڻЩ˽⡣
˵꣬ƳһҶΡ
ҶʵѾеǸ̷֮ľˣæµܶԾļ䶼ģʱҲü˼Ƭ̵Ҳ̼ͬһ˭ڣ
СүһҲˡˣҶȴĪе顣
ˣ
ҶĲˣô
ҶҲ˵塣ҶҲûȥƽЩϸ֦ĩڣ˵̷߸ãʡһһص˷ʱ䡣Ҷֱ˰ѳ̷ҹ
̷ķǳ죬ʱһֱھӪˡԴ֪ҶҲھӪûȥα͵͵˭֪ҶλѰ첽ǵЦ⻹ûͿһӵˡĿȺתһȦǵЦΡˡ
ǲˣйʡ̷ֻѡһƺ
Ҷεͷڻ
ڻڱͥһС̲Ǻܴ󡣡£̷ȻڻҵվãֲմԷΪһϵĹҡ
ϵĹҶתϢսѪԣԼ١
⵹ҶεϹ£ѧʷĶ֪ԹũĹҸ˿ڲʢϳΪ޶ȵصƣ˿ͨޡȻҶһʼ˿ڣȷʵһ˿С˿ٲ±ͥͥıһڻࡣ
̷磬֪ڻĹôΪһʵڵĹҶϰԵ˵
̷գգ۾
ţǷԱҶβ֪ôݣ߸˵ڻж󡣡
˵Ҷ˵ģ̷˼ûעڻж󣬵Ϻܣȥĵطеӡ󡣳̷ȥڻģʳڻ˻ƤëʱϸһȷصԼĪȱͥС֮һ
أòأҶһһͿʼ
ɽڡ̷üͷΪս⣬ڻ˶һһϵ˾ۼһÿ䲻ᳬˡϱҪůЩ䣬󲿷ڻ˶ϱܡ
ӶˮԴ٣
ֻһᶫĸ׺ӡ
ҶεͷټԱ֮ͥ㣬һӣһӰĻ˿ڲᳬ򡣿۳ɽظڲסˣ滷ĶӺˮԴԼˣͯŮڻӦòᳬ
⻹ҶڻȫԱͥȼͬġǿǵв˲ӣڻԣܴǧҡ
ôһ㣬ҶεǶ˶ͥΪ֮һսġͻʱ¡
˿ҶֽϷɿز㣬֪ʲôһͨ꣬ɫÿ࣬˴˶һĪҲ˿ҶȻ֪ҶЩʲôЩ㣬ԫﱤ޲ޣ
ޣҶη±ʣҪȫ׼һ̲и


122 
ȥ̽˻عĺܿ죬¹ҶİΣȻսپ
ǷɿؽԼ̽鵽Ҷĵεòȫ¼깵λö˱־ɳȥĶ࣬عϢвغϵġҶδһϢзٵϣԼרҵڹ˹ṩͼƳƵҶͼ
Ƶͼɳԫﱤͬʱеġ
ԫȽϿ죬ֻҪԵĵطǽáڹ˹ĺЧ㲻ҶΣʱܼðաַҶڰУҶеǳߡڹ˹£ЧȻǾˡ
ԸæáҶϢҲ˿ɰҳŵաϸලµˡʱڣԲΥ̰ī֮¡
ڹ˹Ȼǳ֮ˣȻԱбعĵ
˵ذյİ޽ٶȾͿࡣǵﱤ޽ٶ̫ҶȷǳԫͲt̨ҶھصҲͨȫҶ򣬶ڹؼصͨԱڽʱܹ֮⣬Ҷصע˺״
ڻͥ߸ǰͻһͼռҶռĵطֻҶߵĴׯˮӵҲпܷҶڵĺ࣬ɽɽ֧ӵˮԴֻĸ½
Ҷΰ˿ձȥĴӣصս⸽ŪĶЩ㷢Ϯ¼Ҳܽ
ǵٶѾܿ죬ҶηӦ̫죬쳣㿪ʼ˲áڻ˵졣ڻӳҶߵմӵĵգҶβŰһҹﱤͼŻڹ˹˳ҶסСԺҶ߳
ݹأܺڴ˴Ȱ˵衰Ҷ֡
ĪţҶβ֮ˣܻʱƣǸʲô
ڻѾմ壬ɱ˲ˡ
ҶΰҹĴһ˲ѣʵȽմϸ˵
ǰҶһȥҶβǵãе졣ڹ˹ѾȥĿǰʲôʱЩ˱רűҶεġ棬ʣµ˱Ҷһǵ֮ءڹ˹µ˾ԼҲûסҶΡ
ȥ̽Ҷͨͨعԭλ
ڻÿ죬ǷֵҲ졣ﱤδɣtͷ̨ûˡȻǰľָ鲻ʱڻѾռҶ
ȥ̽һ棬˽ʡΣͷҶٶ侲Ȼڻ˴ƱҪĿ̽ʱ˺ͣ¾㱸ݺҩﶼٲˡ㹻֧ţڻֻܴ͵Ϯս
ÿҶȶڻʣȻͻȻöղ롣
ںӪ֧Ԯǰڹ˹ڻ˴֪Ѳڻ˲֪ӺδŪһǳѪһɨڻ˼Ϊսձ鶼׳֮˵һа٣Ҳ㹻Ҷ߾һ
һ̴ڹ˹һνʧءǧıסЩսڻˡǳԫĵһߣϲtͷ̨ѣմİ˲١
ĴЯϸӣҲӳˡڷսĵһʱץסʱӳ
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ӣôȥҶıƳŲס
СͻҹҶεߣΣҹжҪҶεС
սӵٶȺܿ죬մܿҪʧ֡̽ӻ㱨ʱҶѾĶӱ֧Ԯͥڻսֻһսսȫȥڹ˹ʮˡ
ûû˫ѵȣٶȺ͸߶ʧƣ濹ȻֻбĽ
Ҷҧָףĥ
֪ܶ࣬ǹ֪֪кãʱЩսռƵĻǹ֣ԶܸЧر֤Աս
˼ȥֻܴеļˮƽʱĸı䡣ȶ켼Ǿʹ̬ԭöȥƵķ̶ȡҶʱԼľãȤù㷺оŴʱ˽һŴ֪ʶ
Թľ˵ԶȻⲫġʱûԶȻָǹ󡣵ʹòһ͵ģһ±Ҫϰܱ֤׼ͷϷͬӲʵľƣһСԶ
Ļ˵ҪһЩСõܼơ
һڹŴ졣СҲ֪һЩĿǰ˵ı䲻̶ȣǾʹӻѧǶ˼ͻơ¶Ȼе㱰ɣؼʱܲġ
֪óҩĴôҶȻվһ
˵Դڻ˺Ȼ͵ϮҶѾ鷿صͷ˯š
̷ԴϻرҶټԺҶεǰơʱûжģҶαҲûнߡ˴СҲǸսҶ˵ֵͣ˵ʮǿ̷ĿⲻԾ׷ҶΣҵҶĻüͷһ𣺡Ҫ㶾ô
⻰һҶοһ˲кβɣԵʴȣǶԼ˲̡Ҫʱ򣬲ֶҲӦġ
̷类һ˶٣ЦĪҪ㶾Ļҳ̼к֡
棿
棡̷糤ñҰԣһЦЦ÷·ʢŵһ𣬡д㶾֣ҩĴֻЩ룬һһز߲ҲҪա
ձա
ҶβΪڻ˾ʹһΣһֱͥһ϶ҰͣҪ졣
̷翴һҶΣҶѾ첽ߵ档һС߹ȥĥҶ̯һŰֽͷͿʼʱִ̫٣鶼û׼㶾ҲҪʱͰšŴԴôձ飬Ҳôõġ
̷Цݣͷ˳ȥιҲǶһˣ߻һʦܡ
ȥѰʦܣһ˿ӱ޻
һߣ鷿;
ڹ˹ǰ߻زҶӴȥ֧ԮĿǰҶϵľֻڹ˹ĸ߼ķ߶ֵܡ˵ͼһҵġͼϸֵܴͬеħҶá
ڻ͵ϮҶѾˡշɸ봫ŵٶȣʱӦѾյϢɽʱһҶҪսҪءҪǱˣֱ̨һ·˶ҪҶػڻҶΪ˵ɽԲܶǿ֧Ԯһͼ
һ뵽ϡСסҶõ˾ڶ°ͼŶסҶһ뵽ͼ붫Ժˡ
ľܵһľ
㶾ĺ֣Ч̫͡Ŀǰ˵ǹĶذղսΪҪ˫ӷǳԣҶҲȫ·硣
ҶһԼȵĴԿ侲
ͥƱǣҶǵϱ˴ñͷδ̫֪ξҶյơĵصȻûȫ꣬󲿷ҪĵطصѾڳֻҪλĴ򷨣ɧΪΪϿڻʵǺ׵ġϾڻǧ뿪ؾġʿҲˣ˶ƣ
ȴʱǳ尾·һһġɫ֪ʱ͵ġһζֵ˳ľĶÿݻơ
մˣ֪˶ãҶǿԼ˽ġλ
һװб۵ĹҪۡҺȲɡװʱȹܶ࣬ȹ̸ԶɱǿʸߣʹߵҪҲȽϵ͡ΪŴһִԶɱǿܴﵽףҲһٰʮɡشʹܴﵽǿɱǳǿһʱ
ҶλȻС󣬴ʱ̫Ҳôġ£ҪĶȻˣԶꡣ
һͼͻʮרערעҵĵز
ȴϢڼ䣬СͻһֱеعעĶз紵ݶȻҶ뿪һʱ÷ǳӦ˵⼸յʱȵĶЩ尾
֪ʱ洫Сüһ⡣ûڽҶΣһ߿ģ
С뻷˶һۣͼҶѾžષеıʡ
Ѿ㱨һΣ˵ӦղŻϢСɫһ䣬Ҵҽ̽϶ǺˮѪˮжЩáҶξͨһ򵹵ϣԼ棺ڻռմ壬Уξس
鷿֮еƻҡΣҶü۱ƻ뵵ģ˻֣̽ȥ
ӡСüͷҪ𣿡
Ҷδϵͼ˼û©ĵط˵ڼͼЩ츳ǹĿʱΣʱҲвţԼ᲻
ӡСЩżˣҶڴ˴ɵáΣ֮£˲ñˣֻ뻤סҶβ¡
Ҫ˵ץһӡ
СعͷسҡҡͷĪִӣ˼
ȥڹ˹𣿡Ҷ۾ͣδɵͼֽϣɤѾƵġ̫û˵ĺƵܣ˳һ
С濴һۻ壬һ˳ȥǡ
ҶãྩߵҲûкõȥྩǹȻǼĴ׶ǽʯҶٱ鶼ȻϷĹֻһһǿҲ̽Ե˺üڳ⣬ųݺľһա
衵ıٳ£ʴһʼݴ͵𽥽ꡣ
ʵϣڵȴݺľҲڵ衵ݺľƣ㣬װǾ˿ڶ࣬ྩĹִǳġ°жһ죬Ȩûжһա衵߾ǳ;棬һ·սߵȻľƣ
ôȺͺһ㡣ûҲֶྩڣȨ˵ɽ亣ζ˷ѡѰȴϲˡ
ͨռеͺľˣûԵģûֻȥྩΣԸǮҲҪʳԼҳԣЩҪǮҪģȴû׬˺Ǯļ۸̧һ׵ľأѰҹҲ
һûʳɳԣڵľƾ
һңìܾͼǶҪﻹ˵ô࣬ȻǻȥһʱЯҴڵİҪӳ⣬ŲǾڵضҲҪЩѪԵӲȥֲʼӳе̡ྩĴ󲿷̱ˡһѪͻվ
ΪѾ췭ظſһսġſַģյġŵѹȺֶθЩµļһѵ
ԭȻмȥ̸˵ʱýͷöѾЩûнˡ
ͬʱڽƵصȴ衵Ļ
ÿ˳ȥ̽´衵Ϣ£ûͬ󣬵ȴӹ֪һϢǸĿ޳ĵĹӣຮ֮ȢޡȢһ¸ˣײȴһ޶˵˼衶ŮӰ䱦ڻˣ»ˡ
ò˵һûѹ¸̼衣
һӦȻǲţɾѹˣɲĿڣŮҶΡʰ翴Ϳκˡ
²ܣԲܣʰ£κˡ
û˱ȹ衵Ρ㵱衸÷л£Ҳ衲ϲ˵컨׹ҲδŹһ֡Ϊףûмʹ衵÷ֻԼӡ
Ȼ˵ʰȢ˱ˣ½˴һٺ侲³һҲ㡣Ǹʰ翴㶼֪ʲô
һ仰أϵĹȻһ̧ͷ˵ʰ翴˭
㡣
¾ӸµؿŮˣʰ㣬㲻֪ô
㣬㡭˵Ѫɫһ˲ʾˡͫ׽·ǿаȡĵһ㣬岻ɶƵضҸʰ÷ʮ꣬ôܿң˭ֻһˡֻˣûæûȥжѡôܣ˵˵˵
Һ˵̹ˣж˵ıҪ
Ŵŵ֪Ѿ档ֿڵϣָָץ˵שӶǺ¡¡ҡҡ׹
ôʰôϻ۵һˣʲôֵϲĵطºؽҿһ߲ǼٵģĲѧǼٵģҡ̰Ľ̰ûе壬ʰһ˫ͨ͸۾ܿ㣿ǳϲ˽ֻ߾ϲ֮Ůݣ
ҲǣҲǣҲ֮Ůǹ˼ҵĵճ
ƨֻֻƭƭԼˡ
Цǽһ񣺡£һ㱾ʵ˾ʰ硣ɲǹ˼Ⱥ۾ʺ˵Ĵ֮ԲԼƴ㣬ʰŵˡ
ˮһſڵϡҡͷšǱʶʵŵġ
ȴѾûĸϻˡӷŭ侲ҲƽˡǵģʲôĻΪš·ɿ뿪Ӵ⹬ɫȴ˵˵²ģɻ¿϶ġü١
ʰΪȢ˵صĴãҲпǳⲻòԴø𡣹д˶ͼմҪǸҶϲ

ҶҲ֪Լˣڹ˹Ժټ˻顣
иϢԶɣҶɽӵҶµϢ˳һ֧֧Ԯ࣬ʮˡЩսǷǳǿġµóս⣬ĺ֡˵ǰٲΪ
߾ȻҶЩ죬־֮Сǰ֪Ҷβһˡ
ҶֵģӵߡǰͻϮʱҶӾʹչһءǲ֪ǣմΪλߣܵšҼһʳǴڿӵһ
Ҷڵ˵Ժ֣͵Ϯ
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Ҷ۾ɢĹ⣬һ̴Ҷֻ߳ߣɧ֮¡򲻹ܣսмǣǵҪĿյʳ
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ҪԶһƬգδؿʡ
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һԵرδ빬ͷ˿磬һ˫۾ʵĺĳ
һ·ۣδ빬ţԽ԰һ˼Ĺ
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̧ͷͿ˵ǰվһŹװĸŮӡ
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˵꣬ŤͷʡҪڣץϵذ׺Ȼ̹ٿҲ첻һ߬סǰһƣ¾صˤڵϡ

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Ҷһǳ⣬һ˵ȥ
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125 
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Ҷ̷˵ҴҽԺӣȥ鷿״̷עҴȥıӰǣ˵һ仰ҶαıӰѾûһ˦ǣСԺԱߵС߹ȥ
˵󲿷ֵСװߣҶλǵĻ©ȷûжʧĶȥ鿴ƷĲִȷû𻵣Ҷβŷ
ڹ˹أͻ͵Ϯվλò
һ͵ϮҶμʶڻ˵ıģҲӲ˵һ¡ڻƺܲüҶǰָ졣սճΪ˴ʵ˵˶֮ľ𡣻֮󲿷漰Ե飬а취Խġ
ڹ˹УξפأСҹڶڱջûһУξڰĴ񡣡
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ⳡ̲óҲһֱȡֻزĲӦԣ˶þͻֱᷢͥûˡ̽أֱᷢͥһճǡ
ΪصĻǵذգҶεСԺΪл֣δ̫ܵ𺦡ƽͷվͲһˣڻûץõвɱ˲ٵذйߡЯһɱ鷿ȻյĿС
ҶƳһۣڹ˹˵
ڹ˹ˣҶҲһصؽҶҪͶȺˣԺҲɳ˲١ڻ͵ϮûܵһʱϹһŻ
Ҷο˶ˣڵһ;סڳλҪ
Ҷһ˲ˢһվҶӴСǸзǵģʢڻ˴򵽼ſڣӷǵ׷ȥǻ˿޵ﲻɡűͥߴ󲿷ֵıߣӲӲ׳²ŰӲ˵
ʲô𣿡Ҷ۾ġ
Ҷεûڣ̧ѹѹſڵڻѾͻ˱ͥĵһߣ뱱ͥǱȻһζķزܱ֤ס߷ߣڻʿǱڿͷǵѹڻ֪ͥ߾ǡصĲƱҪʱãԹΪأһʼסǡܴЩ֮̽ģһá
Զϵǵѡ񣬲ǣڻ˲Ҫĵƻ
ڹ˹ͬҶε뷨Ҷû㹻ı
ްǰڻûռմ壬ǻòڻѡһطݵ㣬פӵбƱܹáմĵλҪҶص㲼á޽ﱤĳھͨս亾ͨ״ֲ۸ӡӵеͼȻȥҲ
Ҷνھͨս亾Ĳͼ̯ȡһ֧ʣմ˵ɰڿߺϱߵλ˱ʶ
մӣϱҶӡҶմĸӵĵˮԴҶ򱱱ɽɽݵƵòڻҪʮ֮˾Żϻ߶ߵķߡɽɽ̫ߣվҪմأǾƱشӶλڻ˱ƵˡʱɽɽȻϣпܹ׽
פжٱһζսڻʤˣȴҲ˲١
ڹ˹һϽҶαʶһҶε˼źɫľݵ㿴ãɫפشԼǧٽʿǧಽֻвˡ
Ҷο䣬˵ͷǵļʸҲʮֶȱ
仰˵Ӳƴƴġ
ӲƴƴĻǾȡҶԤϵЩҲȵӦԤҶ̰ó䲻ֲʱսҪֱ̫ˣһЩֶҲǱҪġҶţııֻҪöǺõıԡ
ڻڵλã
ǰڰеӷŵͼλãմԼǧڻˡմʮﴦһݵ㣬ǧˡ
ʮأսȫٱܵ´Լʱھܵ仰˵ڰʱڳմĵ˲ˡ϶вͨҶں˵صеصսĸڰһЩǣƾݵڻˣеͨġ
ڻжҶפ࣬ڻ̫ΨһȽƵ̫٣ܳڻ˵߲Ҳֻڵܡ
ʵ˳䡣
Ҷμ״üȥ飬λáҪʱɱҲܻơ
ǡӦ
Ҷ˼Ƭ̣ڹ˹ټذգҪյ֧Ԯ
ڹ˹Ҷε˼ذϤΣвǲ˵صھָӵõһפѵصĽʿڹ˹ȭס
Ҷε˵ͷȣͼַǰգʲִյմ֡մʳ֧ڻʮաҲ˵߰ƱػմߺͶвֲݳڻ˼սֻѡߵĲݵء
ҩĴôմĴںδҶμǵǿݵҲеصġܴϱ߹ȥǿݵصĲݶҩۣԴڻ˵ս
ҶĴ򶼱פйȥҽˣӪ
մĴںδҶմĴ峤ˡļƻʮֲ䣬ʱΪ˻סͥɱ㱰ɰɡÿжڻ񱣬һ໨˴Ĳڻҩġ綾ҩûж٣Ͷȴ㹻ġ
ټմѳĴ֧飬ǿ׳ͻӴӵͨȥҹ͵Ϯմ塣ϵĲܱں󷽸ĥͶۣϱߵ亾ȥߵĲݵϡմŮڣչ˻ʳ
սСκһϸڡʳر֤ɾǽʿǳԳսʧǲЦ󷽡ʹҩѾ̼֧ԮļʸҲѾˡ
С棬С͡ƳôûӣеĹʵľġ
ʵľĹӵҪ鷳࣬ʵľĹʵؽӲʹߵҪ󡣿ǵ󲿷ûܹѵҶҪܿʸͶʹߵơ
ѾƳһ͡Сص͵ǿЩӣĿǰֻһ̨ĳƷЧΣûĲ顣ͶʯѾƳʮ̨ʱƹá
šƳһͺãҶ΢˵ס
ӡСͳһţ˫ֳʵݵҶεĸǰˡ
ҶԴӳӱûٻضһգ۾СȥҲʮСס˵ǶţҶӹһĿʮСԭŵüͷڿź¶ϲ֮ɫҶһ۾ʱ
Ǽ񹤽ôʱĳԣƳ˱ըġ񡯡ҲҶҪġ˵ʦƳɵıڵȼըһǽӵըɽɸߡ
Ҷθ˵ýҶɳˣһȦŽ˷ܵѹȥ
ûԮⳡҲˣ
ɵطԸȥ߻Ӧķڻ˱ϾǻˣվԭزİӡҶαͻӦԤʡ仯͵ʴסڻ˷˵صĴڡʱڻڳڶסƱضת
ԣеıܷһĸӦԷؽáҶεĵڶӦԷǣΪսԱǿͶʯǹؼڡ
Ůܶ죬ҶνټһͥսݲͶ·ĸˣһ֧Ůӷӡǰãûϵ׼ɡŮӷӶҶֱӸСͻͷӦѵѵܴﲻѵЧ̼㶾ļʸ𵽹ؼԵáһֻҪƤѪ
Ůӷ֮ĵ׷ǡˮԴָϡڻ˱ؾ֮ú壬ӵóԵԡ˲óĲ壬쵯ӡ
ҶξͲţ׷һһȺڻ̤Ҷķ߽뱱ͥء
ҹʲմ峤ĶӱϱߵĵصȥߵĲݳȻڻ˽ƥڴ˴Ҷ֪ƥҪԣڻȻ
ƥͷڴ˴ר˿ءҹһѲߣƥ⵽͵Ϯ
峤ľһȦӱߵĺӱƹŵԱܿĿûףƥڶ࣬ݳռ̫㡣ЯİͶɢһϸǲˡϡ͵ҩҲ𲻵á
ʲֿѲߵۿžҪǣϣѡһصҩѡͷǳҪһûƥԣһҹæµȫǰ׷ѡ
ľ֪ǿĲݸ֣󰮳ԡǽҩȫֵƬ򡣴ջȰʲֵźŷڻ˾ѾϮڻ˸Ԥϵʱ£ÿҶηӦѸ٣սʱеĲѾ걸
ǵĿҶߵĴ֡һϮӣڻѾֵλáڹ˹̫ʱȴûдߣڻΪʹѡ
ò˵Ҷε㲻ڻ˶˵һȴڵڶ׷ꪡ
ս塢Լ޼ڵһʱɱ˲ս䵽֮еڻ˻ûüкѾļ̸̴šյӾǰۿŴĵݣֱײڻ˲ͣ˽Ųþ
ڻ˴˴ͥսǧƥҷֳ֮һھݵ㣬˴νմĴԼٶƥǾסӵڴ
ڹ˹һرĽʿųһţվӿڻ
ڻǾüһʢĲܲ˵ǰ塣һ壬˾һ߸߼ǿһֻġ׼ڻ˾ͷ䡣ǿǰһװʯͷͶʯΪͷӱءһʱ䣬ʯͷǵصؾڻ˶ҹȥ
޴ʯͷڰзߣؾѪʯؽɳ޴ײˣܵ춯Ĵ̼ʼܡ
ʱݶվһνСŮӣ׼ڻ˶Ͳͣط
һͨ˿ڻ˻͵Ļᡣֻҽ˷գۼϾͱѪȾһƬڻȫûϵȺ˴ôڣ򡣸壬һԶƥľܣǲеˡ
ԼҽУ˲ѹڻŵ档
ҶӴڸˡķλйעڻ˳˵ķۿǻŲ·ͷ߳ˡҶӰд˸ƣսеĺڱȼڻ˳˵·ȻǱʲôըһ㣬˲䱻ըķѡ
һ̴ǽһ죬ֻһյĹմڻһ롣Ͳٻմ壬ת˷մΧݵӱȥ
սݵϢҶѵõң뷹
ҶİջȸԾ޲ýôµҶδ̳񡣾ڹ˹ϽҲҶε˼ˣظпսһһһˡԺӵĻЦҶųѪƤصصϣס˵һ
Ȼסմ壬ڻڡڻرƢԿ϶ưոݡ
Ҷι˲Ϣҹֽڹ˹ټҶ򱾵صĽʿһγ̷Ҳڡ壬ṩ棬̼ҳ˴˴شڻ˵ͬʱҲʧ϶ûô죬Ҫ֧š
˿иҶδСκεˣ뱣֤ÿһս׼ֵġ
ͥҶҶνܹĵһţྩ衷˳֮󣬻̾ྩѫҡ
Щʬλز͵ľҷûྩĻͱ߾ȫ´ʮֳڽдõġλʱᶯĺ͹ؼְλܶ滻⣬һЩõϵȨһǱƵŵնס
衵ֶᣬ˿κα粵Ļᡣ̶̰²ɱһ룬ྩµ궼Ǻġ
ϱ߱ɱĿⱲӣûɱһ˱㽫״жһһȫ֮ڡЩûһɱͬʱûҲƣֻҵ˽ⳭûĲƲܹ̼ʵ˿Ĺ⡣ɼȺж̰
Ҳ˵衴˾ٶ˶ˣ˼ûԤ֪Ȼĵ޲뵽衵Ľȥʹ顣˼ҼֱӽһƳԤйߡ
ȻʱûйǣѰʵ䡣
ǵٶȼ죬ǵٶȸ졣ʾܵٿҲʱӳȥһ˿϶ڳСֻʻĻ㣬ѱྩҲûҵټ
أûϢ
ҡҡͷʱ·˼ʧһ㣬һȫޡ
ѡ
ྩȴ˸𡣴̰ĹٸϵͳȴǵüӪѾȥͥһЩԩŵسӻأڵһʱ俪˶ơ
ٳõͬʱ䲼˷ϳ˵ɷԳƺТѧӹ㿪·ͨܳɫȸֶβһ˲š̶һ£ѧ˷ྩٶȻָ
ͬʱһֱǵȻˡռԺϹȻ˺֡
ֻΪȣҪࡣϵׯڻһļ꣬ûнΡµıɹׯɹˣ֮աϾ밲һϽĸ¡˫ܽ˴˻ˣһϾ¶ơ
ϾݿʼϾ俴ʱ࣬ûϾϱˡƻ븺翹ྩʧصϢʴǶ֮һ֧Ͼеʿһܵס
Ͼ֮󣬴ʼѡ


126 
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ϵ۽꣬ûһʵ۸¡ƾٲˣҳã鰮ʳλ˰һعһ꣬걻ѹҴڴϵѸٸʴټĳ͢˸Ȩľ
еǵõ߶ʧ߹Ʒ¡ʵǰ֮峯˳Ӧġ±㳹ȹ˳áྩҴӲߵģһһ塣Щ亦İȥŹ̰Ѫһֽо
ǰջǶѲ飬ӳྩ
ǱĽһ뻤ʳһ߾׷ྩ뷢սһ򣬾ǧ˱񡣴ʱѾڽĻ¶ɹӣϡռ԰츮ΪĵĻݣˮΪ磬һΪ
ʵûôһ·ϸûдϢ֮Ϊٳʱ鲻ʹˮܷλ˴֮زز
֮·νǹӰ˵ذҲ䵱͢۾ʱ̸ͨ͢籨šһ˶أ󣬿಻ԡ
ڼܣʵ˸ץ
ʱѾûʢһʱģֽŽϣġܲõտÿʱÿ̴ڿ־֮УѸݡհݣɫҰףٲȻһģʶ̬ƭȴۺʱҪߡ׼Ҳ׼ɡ
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Ǹӣܽʣɽеĳ谮λóߵĵڶӣ´ˤ
´ǰ֪ʣȴˡãԹ
Ҳ˵˵ľ𣬵ϵߣ츮Ҳˡ
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жƻû˱ʵµ˸콫ʿһֱӲŲˣǹڴ಻ҳѾĳʵ۶ѾˣȻӱġ
佫һϾձµ¼Ͼּ֡
ྩ̫Զݴӱ߹̫Զֻܴص֮类ռݣݡö֮ظȥţſҶҪ
ʱգֻôδһˡǰһעضŮ鳤֮ˣӲԼΪһ˼ǡʱȴ̵ᵽ˼ζҹ˾ʱҶκͺշת࣬ߡƻûȹֲ̣óȻ˽ӵྩֻ˽°ס
һȥţȴ֮ʱӿٶʰо֡
ͬʱż˶ȴûбҶȡҶνڻ˸ϳҶһļƻ׵ĳɹǿ֧ԮҶαʤġڻ̾ҶʮشʼǸве֮˺˯ǵڻپⳡ̴ûûˡûôĸڻģһݵؽ֮˴С
ҶټҶ򵱵ذաƽ׶Ҫʱսϳ䷽ࡣذղձһõġ
ǿʱսʵ֤ЧҶ׼Ѹ̨
ʸ棬ڳ̼ҵĴ֧֣Ļϡȱľ˵ͬЧܻۿۣһҲδɡ
Ҷ߽ܹĵذ壬ںսȵһ׼׵óһ֧𹥡ܺףǰҶڵӦвһΡڻʶ𹥲ԣĪ׷ҲްЩΪߵĵһߡ
ڻȻһѪ壬Ǿüͬ·һΣǻǻϵֻҪȺʿ칻йɲܲ˵׷
һ̴÷ǳ˳죬ǧڻսʿ֮
ʣ²ǧˣƥʿѾǿ֮ĩڹ˹פصĽʿʤ׷ֱڻ˴öףӱǧжߵʱжǱڹ˹˽ڻʱԾԾԵͻҲͣ
ҶŵԴϢ֮ʣԶྩ͵żƹ͵ҶεϡϸɺƺмҶڰڻ֣֮ء
ҶžܹսĴݲУĿꡣﱤҪ޽ԶҪȫһεڻҶγҶܾηͰˡذգǵŮӺ޲ýҶεһȥ׷档ذΪҶνã
ҶȰҲãɴȥ߶شŹ޽ﱤҪѩ֮ǰáһ滹ٵϺϸɺ֮ݡ
ͬʱԶڶҹҶι
ҶЩţʱȷСֻ˵ҶڻϮʱһֱڴ̡һ浣Ҷλ£һֲóȻȥŽҶεľСױԼտ֮֡
ʱдȥҶϸ֪ҶμкС׵ýҲİ
СôĺӣױɶµިҲʡĵġ⺢ӵʮְʱһģӿĳǶˣʱٻޡŸ£ѾˡǳԵúãֶնհ۵ģķɿ졣ʱ϶һץס
Ǹǿӣ㳤˿ѧϵС׵ıӣСЦӴϻЩҲãϻۣܸɡ
С̳׵ڵò衳ɫƽһ˿ҶεССͣµýƲۡմδԼò۾Сֻ⺢ӼȫҵòȷʵۣżҲģ㳤ôãƲ˼ҹô죿
ѽ~Сĸ˵ʲôץϵָͷ޳ݵЦ
ϿЦţĶˣЦЦЦһУ
ҶβڼңިСӣƽࡣ֪أ衸ҶζӦУԼҵвܳ¡ϸɴƤͼҪһ֧ܼҡ
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Ժӵ˾ˣﻹ˭
Ҷץɸ¶֮ǰϿ϶ôѡҹϾǾƻ𲻴ԾԽԽƺԺ
ҾҪԺǻȻϨˡŶ䣬ܾԺ
Щ˯⣬һˡװµֻС׵ݣһԵӣҺС˰ިС׸˳˺ӵ˯ʵѳϰѺӱû̫ܾš֪ÿҹﶼҪһºӣֻЩ֡
ҹģѺӱ
ɫЩף򶨵صҰѺӱȥ˯ɣ뺢ˡ
˵ţ״µص£ȥСԺһ̫̫ССˣֵܸи¶˸˵ͦżġ
һ˵һ߾ͷĶëֱ
˻ɵĲӦѹɤȥȥ̫̫Сүʲô˶𾪶Ժӡ
λЩʲô¶ҹķ˵ɣӣȻôԸô
ҶñӴҴҸϹȻ֪ô£ҲʶԾˡŵظҶҲǾɸ֮µģһ˵Ҷӣʶô¡֪¶żɴ˦˴С·ߡһ·ԺӰӰ´µƺ˲ںڰУŵͷԷ롣Ŭװ򶨣Գ˼١
Ȼһţںڰе˾ͷֲԾƿС·ʱһӰʹӺڰ߳嵽ǰҶŵһУĽ˲ŵĺҹ
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ǺӰһѵٵҶóʱһֻ˶ǴӰһҧ˵ֱϡ
ҶȻϵǣܼҳҶֻеĴǣûĹ
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ԵСҶλһӸСһסСӳúܿ죬¾ʹһȦܼǮԺҶζȥιǣһñ׳
Ҷù˲еһӾͷԺܡŵѲҶεǸϲȥˣǰˣѾˡǼ˱ǲס˳鲻Ҷķ԰ȥҶδѣڸۡصڡ
Ҷζ߹ҶòԼǵûǲǵüɽĸλãҽ
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Ҽǵã￡ʮˣӰθһأ̫̫ߡ
˵ţԼֵ˵ص
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ҶÿС첲СȵģЩԥ
ˣ￡侲òӣ̫̫ٵȥǷˣȫ߲
һ仰ֱӰҶøˡ
￡ӹ΢һСߡڵصҴܡصûģСӻ˸ӣһ¡׸ǰָǰߡڵصҴܣ޹ġǰҶδһ߹Ҷ档
߹հ˹յģǲ֪ôعյһڡÿϺͱӵӣСңԼվЩ¶ֱӾð
һչС׵ǰӹ￡СߣҶøô¡Ͼָһöӣŵȥָԭ״Ȼһ˵һŵŵĽŲںҹŸǾԼͷϣһӾͣˡ
˲֪ͷʲôһȦһȦɫסʾ˸￡ߡ
֪˶ãߵо֫ǰڣڿڡ
￡ߵĳڣפرϵһ˲䣬Ͼֱӵ˵ϡҶøо˵ϽѺӷҪȥȥϷõУϵ˲ŽѡһҹפأѰͼŵòᡣ
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ҹϮܼҵˣҡ
һ仰ʯ쾪ŵҶɫ䡣
زסеľ졣ҶõĹϵҸܼҶϵϵΪҶûµ飬϶ҵӡͦõġ˵ͷɸ͵Ϯܼһ£һһ롣
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ͼͷӦǵġ⣬ͼľɲС
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ֻͼĸɸǰƣҲְͣˡ䲻ûھеѾʵ
Щ˲ֻ֪о˵ͣҵľְȴûгûҡ
Щھдʤ̲٣ڱͥһҽͬһ֧СӣùϺֲڿʲ͵Ϯܼһͷԡֵ֥Լͼľɲ˴ץҶεŮ֮ʣԤ衣೯͢Ͷϡ
ɫףðûӦ
ͼҲûţʵĹһһʮ˵֥ѾľԺһһȥӡγʹЩˣүࡣ
ϵɫѿأû
ͼҡҡͷǸӲͷץԺûпڡ
ͼɫΪѿһֱʮҡ˵ϧҲ鲻ˡ¸ҷ˻롣ɸյǾȡΪһǵ£ϧﶼһԹôƫ¶಻壿
ͼЩҲ˵ϲ֪飬һ仰˵ס
ɷϣҵ˽˶ҹܼҸۡⱾǰͼʧְʵϣͼΪ˱ܼˡǼսͷǿģ衸˽ǧˣҶ򻹶ࡣⶼûסˣòλ
ͼϥأʱҷģ׮±ضᴦ׵˴ܼϮʧְ»ԻϷ
ҹҪϺͿһ㣬ܼһӶ棬һ亹
ǣûлӦȷʵǰͼʧְһ仰ԭµġͼһȫҪܷڱͥ˲ڡ̫Ļ϶˵档衻ʱգС׵˶Ҫͼıӻ
Щҵʰ˵͵һҵȫץˣ
ǡץˣ˼Ҫ˱ͼնɱ
߷ҶǱߺܿյϢҶ򣬵ҲйעŶ򡣼ܼһ¾˷ɸ봫ҶοҴ͵ϮܼҼֱ֣ľȿţѵЩҲ˵һ׮£ûȥˡ
ڻ˱ҶθϳҶ򣬶ʱӦòٽһζսڻҶ򼸺ûʧٱӦǰӵӡﱤԺ󣬷ȹ̡
ʱûȥˡ
Ҷοߵƣ·һ
ȥʮ¿ʼѩģˣҶҲᵽط˵֪ʲôʱѩһѩֻͣڡΪ˾콫һнҶֻܶشҶĹڵһѩ֮ǰ깤ﱤ
һεﱤͼҶλģϺ͹ǰõһҶѧһʱգȷܹнӽصԺҶαھµ׵ʱ˶
ʱϣ·ҹҶεĹͷɢˡ
ܼҵĴʱòſ
Ҵ͵Ϯܼ֮£ϷǳӰҹҪѲߣѧҶθԺܶװ塣ܼҲȱǮƣװЩѶٻΪ㹻ȫϽһӶŪԼͺݣͬٷһΡ
˵Ҷλһ
ķǳ죬ʮ£ҹоɪɪϹŶվԺſӭӣҶμöЩӯ
Ҷֳһݡ
ôѾ˯ˡ﷢ѾȥŸҶ˵Ҷ֪˾ţһԸݲ衣һ˵һ̲ס۾ÿܵĵصûУһˡ
ҶһЩΡԴס߾ؽû˵ɸյµҶβΪԼˣɸյ£ɱԾʾˡ˾ȻΪ˽ܼҶ˼ίʵû뵽ҲۼҲСĽѵ£Ĵֻ
ĨĨᣬͷͷóʳˣ
ûżûˡҶһ·żϻǵҲֻܵӡ죬ûôáôҲýȥԤԼȥ㡣
ҶξϵĹǣվҲȥջɡ
С
ȥҶʣ˵곴ϻ˵һ˵㣬һ˵Լڼʱշ顣֥ϮܼңϵҲ˲СӰ졣
˵ףսӰѾٶȴྩյܵ˳֮Ȼⲻܼ滨֬ˮ۵⣬սʱ룬ܵĴ󡣲Ҷڸճɲʳ㹻
Ҷͷʵʹҩɸ๫Ǳ͹ȥ
˲٣ʰǱ߻˵õĺܡʹҩԴоҶαһֱö߸͡ⶫβһ˲ٽʿ
Ǿͺá
ҶֻЩʳöӣ˲׼ȥЪϢ֪һ·۳Ͷ٣Ҳûٲ˵˸Ҷνüģֹ˼䡮ˡЪϢ
Ҷٵǻ֮ǰȥС׵ȥ˿ӳ£Ҷξͽȥ޽ﱤһζȥʱӵСȫģƯҶζЩ졣ҾȻôÿĺӣ
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һ˯˯ذʱ񾭣ͻȻи۵òСյɹͲҶúͰƹǶѾڻˡ
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ϺͦأҶζڻļֵʳ͹ȥȼü֮ҲͿ֡ϺЩסǲҪʱա
ʱòˡȥճɻ㲻ǧĶʳˡ
֣ũİҲҪ硣ѩԺͨ㡣
ʱʳɣǲɻȱĶȻǲֻܼһǲӦüȥ˵ʱղׯͷҲ˵ҶβϲⶫҼĶǼ֣Ķ
վɡ
ʱգûٸҶ˵Ҷྩ˵Ǵʺûץ̾ͻпٴһҩͲ١
δҶһֱֵ£ԼʱϾҩҲҪֲ
ȹգýһҩ嵥ʮĶֲҩġ
ܼҵѾ죬ս²ͣڣȴҲӰӪĴҶֻƹĻ㱨֮Ƕˡ
ڻѾʱԺ
Ͽ̾˿ʵ̫æˡǰڼұˣڼҲʱƲˡͷһֱߵҡСҡѾ˯ˡ
ҶζҡԱСӵСײ֪Ǹоﻹô˯ץסҶε֡
Ҷһ㶣оЩء
ϼɫ̲ס˵˾ػﰡҪЩ˼סСӶ㣬˭ö˭ôտ˲Ҫˡ
СӵģҶγĬãѵùɵصͷ
ͥƽȶʮѮֿʼˡѩһͥ˱ѩءǱߵﱤǸѩ֮ǰɡһɣյӱ㰲ԭƺҲڽԬϢԭѾָӪ
һ䣬¶ɡҶѵĵ̺ϸССһǳֵĺӣֹ龫֡
ʱҶζ⺢̫ϻۣ˶
ȴʮֽٲȻһԿ䣺ʤۼ׾Ǽ֮ӱĺӡ
ҶﶼЩ˼æסԼС͵͵
ӴϻۻܿˣϰһۣѾҶαϵСժС˵ûҶ߳󣬵ĸˣû¾ϲҶ
ҶڨڨЦЦδõģ˹
ǰգҶγȥһžͿſڹʮˡͷҶλϵãҶõʦҵүӡү̫̫мĸ档ѩɫܼ࣬Ҵſһ
ҶγٵүӷظҶοͷ
ұòʢ˼ңֻɸֵܡջֻͨϰգүһֺóչɸֵͶ˾Ѹھдãͼһ·λãҲˡ
˵ͼһʲôֵ˵㲮֡
ǰɸʱҲְͣҾôˡ֪Ҳûڼеˡ
ôúùҲͰˣ˭֪ҺȻͷ˻롣
ҵ֧ǳСû̡ϷڣĲѩĵͷѪҶܷһ·
´˵ȴҲӦġүӲҶõ˵£ֻܿͷֻĳΪͥôʤ̵ķϣһ·ɡֽŴϣһӵзҲɣ
ҶοĵԴѪҲǲģֻüҶȫ
估ˣҶγ̾һ
̾һ£ἰ˶еĲ̡
˻פصĵΡᵽ׮Ҳɫͼԭ밴վ洦ã׮ʰǱ߻ûлӦʱȥô
ҶɫЩأü۳ģš
ĲңвŵҲǻɸյǰҶҲնݲĺҸ򺣺ţȺ֮˲һҳھڱͥյҲͦġǴӺʵʵˡ
˵ǰͼ͵ϮֱӽɱˣҲˡƫƫţôþ͵СġҶοŰ۵ĸѩСף˵ûоյľգҶλĳֻҪһ뵽վľս
ĸԺҲߣĶܾһȥ
ɢ˼գҶγһûѩȥפһˡ
ͼҶȥפصĵΣҸֵ֥ܼǷֿѺġ
ҶοʱѾû˵緢ģһ͵ڸɲϡҲֻ̧̧Ƥӣ㴹Դһӡͼ˽ϳҶεĽ¡ҶοϴССˣüͷ
ҡͼһ֣ڵص
ϵһ
ͼһ̴ǰһңʵң㻹ʲô
ƺһŮڴͷ̧ͷĿҶεתһȦȻЦһֹһȻ޶ˣǵðͼɫһ䣬ǰ͸һš
صˤϣŻһѪ
ҶüͷšôᣬɫҲ䵭֮ǰȥפظͳʳʵһżȻҡǸͦˬĺӣʱм˲ʡ
ãŸؿǽ
ҶһԵؿ
ͼʵѾһΣʲôҶҲڡֻҵĹ֥˵ģҲδǩֻѺиʰˡĪΪ˵ͻΥͼԸҪʹͣǻΪ˽ûܼҵСˡ
֪֪治֪ģо˵׼ġУҶҲֻۡҶ׼뿪ǽҺȻ˿ڣ
ҶνŲһ٣Ťͷ
ʱڻ͵ϮͥҶǱô
Ҷο˵ͷҡ
ĵﱤ޽ô
ҡ
Ŷ³һ˵ɸյǾȡҸû㱨ʵȫҵвɱ㣬𣿡
ҶβһͼѾȳ˵ʲô
ȴ˵ˡ
ң㷽˵ʲô
ȴԴǽϡ
ҡ
³һȻЦһҰȴо֮šЩΪ߹ӦҪС˰


128 
⻰˵֣ڳɫ˲ͱˡ
Ҷüͷ˵֮Ҳƣȴδ̫˵֮
һǰЩʱܼſһţûϽơвҵʵ࣬衰ҵĹ٣ھеڡҲ˵ԽԣͶ͢ԸܼкڸϿĹؿͼ˶Զϣ˸޷붫򡣳˷УȻܼܲԺ档Σֻܰе
ͼȰˡߣ϶©ġ
Ҷûڵζͣ˻뿪
ͼӦŵҶα뿪פء
׮²ǺסʱĽͨ㣬ຮ֮ءһѩͻУżݶ¡Ϣ֮ͨ衵˴ʱڱͥҶε첻Ӫȥ
Ҷλظ˽һӴȥܼҡ
Ϸûеʱټ̫үĸӡһʧȥѹһӵļүӹڵݺᣬҶʣǱһһʮؽ˵
Լǰȷʵˡ
ԳྩĹˣݹأྩ鷴һ˳͢٣ӳּ͢£뷴ͬıۣƶסԺֻҪҸĹ£Ϊܼ͢ҼҾʣܶ͢չ̡ʱ˲ڼУ֪ʱΣ㱻סˡ
ɸ֮ԽּȥӴͼľɲ֥˽¼ٽ֮£ͼľˡҷ鲻ѾûճǱɽġ
С֪ű˹ƻ¡
̫үڵϿһͷһѵҲޱ֮ģǱüивűΡһ
˼ȻԼҶεüͷǵĻǸͼýıϡ
ɸ֮ĸ
Ҵ˴ξټҹǰ飬ȫ棬δꡣ
ʼ£үӱͷһᣬҪ˵һ֪ȫңӣ¶ǰЩʱ˸ˡ˵³֮Ż֪ǻ
Ҷüͷ˼Ƭ̣˰ָȥ
Ǳ£ܱͼץ˵޹ǴӷҪܵͷҶαȽ˵ˡ
Ҷϲˣˣ澱ΣҲΪ˵ϰߣܼҳ޴Ů죬ʵࡣֶ̨ܸӴ˶ȻҲ̨ôһۣ˷Χ͹ˡ
Ҳ֪ܼҳ£ǱյϢ
ҶĥҪȻⷽȥ̽һ˵첻Ӫȴǿȥ̨Ǳߴ̽ġ˼ȥҶαȥһŸԬˡ˰Ŷһ̨
Ҷΰʮµʱ̷̼ҵŰݷá
ܼҸ̼ҵĺǩ꣬ǵꡣܼҵݾޱ䣬ٲȻǱ̼֮ͥҾһռҲὫȥ걾̸Լ֮£ڻ͵Ϯ̼ҴҶλض򣬱ܼԼ
̷ڹܼҵĴ½˻Ҷκ˯Сױ㻻ȥ̸
ڻ˳·һ·»ָˡ̼ĸܼǮ˴ԼȻǱõĿģȻκҪ󶼴Ӧ̸мΪ˳Ҷûռ̫ˡڻߵͻʣ̼˾ͳ˲
Ҷβǵ̰֮ˣøǻ̼ҡ
̷ڶ棬һ˫ѩ۾·ԭѩӥһգգضҶΡ
ҶüͷҲûйơ̸һ䣬̼š˵ֻͣҪж֮˶óҶδԲ̷ȴ˼һڴӦ
Ҷ㶣̧ЦЦؿ
ʢ룬ҵȻȴ̷֮һڴЦòá
̷һ°ĽŲ֪£˾ͺû֪ƵģԹԵضҶЦµֻľҶû¶֮ɫһ
ð˷̼Ҳܼͣ
ѩҲͣˣ̷绹ܼԺתȦԸߡµĿ챻ŵ˥ߣӲקĶˡ
ҶŴվۿһԶε̾һ
Լıֵ㹻ˡ̸µʼӸﱤΪڻ絽ɡֻҪ̷粻ɵӦѾԭСӴװͿƫѧ˲ǰ˵ǽ˸˵ڡ
ҡҡͷҶתȥӡСС˵ˣͦġ

ͥߴѩһ¾һգ衽ӵϢٷѾ¡
Ҳ˵衵֪ҹ͵Ϯܼ֮жŭͺ£Żϲ¡˵׮¸һ̵ĽѵҶ㣬˵صһӵı綨ݡǳȣҲЩҹ¡
˼Ҳྩʱ㶨ȫӵྩľֻа˷ŵԼƤӵܰģһʧȥˡ
ֻܲ˵˳Ҷε˻ྩ֮δִһϮ
ЩûֻܽڶϱߵĴפشһ˸ľսʽͬÿ˵ıʮָ߳˵һаٶΪ˼ץûɢӿ粻ˣǴ̿ʿ֮
ͼץ˻ûפصѶ͵ҧԾˡ
ͼûŪ׵ʲôˣҶεе²⡣֮лСȰĻʿҲ̫ѽܡʿ߰һ˼ģ˻ҲֻҴྩֶ˲ˣ㱨
ĴεǣٳҲ˲ҶĥǲǸð룬ܼСȲ˵ϸ񣬵а̫ױ˵ɰӡ
뷨õϵ֧֣Ͽ챻ЩˡС׳Ժ޲ȫ۾Ÿ˰ᵽδ
Ҷε뷨Ȼǲص衵Χǡɲᱻֵĵط
˼ȥȻǰҵĻѣвĵˡ˶㵽ﶼᱻ֮֡ץ߻ĵˡǱȻȥ飬ֻԼһһŲ顣
֮ǰȰ˸
˵ҶߵЩ˲ȷСӣСҵŪ澣ϲԴӱŮġϺ˲˵ˣɽءļԭҵļͣҶεС
֮⣬Ҽ̳İūİū˲ܼңвģҶĵӻ¡Ӵģֻµġ
µģܾ붫̨ǱģʮˡʱҶҶר־ضԸڻ˵Ҳ˼⣬ҲֻǼ˰ˡ
üͷŲû²鲻
˵£¶֮ɫЩ˼ҶΣ˵ף̫ˡ㲻ڣ˵ӦҶ˲ǡô©㺦һӡ
ܻסһˣѾʮ־ˡҲǱӵˣھ㲻¡˵˿࣬ȴǵġҶҲ˵Ǳò顣Щ˴Ǵģ͸ɸһ飬ֵսڲŵ˴α㳤ѵ
ɸʵҲѣðͼһܼҳǰǶʱճ̵ܼصŲһʱӦܲó
˵ͷûмأܱȥعؿˣȻ
ҶôһŲ飬ųܼҳǰԬǶʱվôؽ̨˻ʡÿ͵˶ʮЩв˾פص֤ʵڵ͵ϮܼҵˡȻǽؿ˶
֮ˣѧʶҶΰµġҲ͵˴˴֮С֤ʵԬҲй
ʵ˵鵽ԬҶȷʵˡ
ܼҵô󣬷չĹģԬǳ˲ġڵ̺ʳʣԬӹͽġܹ֮˳˳ˮྩһݹڡѾྩ¶ܼҳ֣ͼʲô
Ҷ޷ܡ
ʵϣ鵽Ҷ𾪣ǰͼ÷˼
᲻ŪˣͼԬҲе㽻żܼҲģҲһз㡣ʵйιµĻᡣ
Ҷüͷúܽû˵Σ֤˵
ȴųȥС㣬˲ҪóȻҶ˼ãòһӽ飬鿼ǣúòһԬϸһ˵ƽ
ԬҪ飬ҲҪ顣
ͼȻϲ顣Ҷܾ͸ŹŹ֣˵ĸоԬŪˣϸǵϸ͵ǰǲʲô鱻ˣ
Ҷ˼ȥ׽͸صʱɫ
ҴҴ߹ײʲôһֱӡҶһ˲סϡϲĨĨ˵ˡ
ƣҶͷһ˵ЩãȻ
æ߹ץҶεߣСùãȵ۵ľŹһĸͬá


129 
ҶηӦ˻ʶ˵ѹľ
˵ھľˣҶΪֹҲͼһʲôˣƺǾ͡ټľܲʣˣֻϴδἰѵ˼Źϸ̲֮סĨᡣҶ˵˾ľ¡
ȻʵӣȻһĸֵֻͬܽһʮһӣʮʱֻʣһãҲ˵ĽƣŹȻʱŹ㲻ܳ裬ڻӹ֮Ҳ㲻ϲ¡
ʱԶ޶꣬Բδܵ
ô꣬ŹδϾѪףŹδǰϵĹϵҲżϵȻˡ
Ҷ˵ͷĹϵûʲôϸˣҲš
Źùô˴ţν£Ҷεˣؿ˿ڡȻôе㲻飬ʱ֣ྩǼǵøܸţŹùùҲǸˡ
Ҳû˵ֻǽŵظҶΡ
ҶνӹһĿʮС
űҲҳֽûʲôݣʺܼڱͥÿɻãԼ֪һڸݵŹûзصģ¼Ժڸְû˵ĹأǸݵĴʷصʷŮһӣŮã귽ʮ塣
ҶĿһ䣬ĵعǣŹҵıƺˡ
Ĩһ٣̧ͷҶܿĶȻҲóϿûϼ׵뷨ʰѾȢޣ׶ӻ⣬Ȼȫ˾ŹǾ仰
ˣҴʰùûһűǡ
ϵ뾰ɻ飬в檵ġǴҵĹأڳ֮ǰͻϽµ˾޹Ů֮󣬴㹬ҲĻ䱸檡ӭȢҲȰ½š˲һ㣬ǸӰ֮ˡ
ֻĶ˻ȥɻ֮ҲֻԸϵķֻԤ£ŻȥһزС
ңȻʲôһһһ˫˵뷨ȴϣԼŮܹû˲ͷֵӵġֻз޺вŻ
ʰѡ͹ȥ϶յһڲ裬
ҶƳһϣЦЦͷУǶҲû̫õĶʱòҪ
Ҳ޷ϰڰ֣Ǽ׽⣬Ϊ
ҶЦһ˵ͷ
Ҷεļû͵Ҷȥྩ˵ȵˡ
˵Ĳˣʱո߰ﴦһЩ˻µİ衲ˣֻܽ񽻸İûмҶһûҶúͺӵʱֻðҲһá
գԼҶ˵ྩ衵Ĵ㡣ҶҲûӦֻȻȥЪϢԺ˵
ȻҲһʱ˵ҲСꡣǴӦˡûãٺߵӡصܼңսű㿸յϢϹҶôҴһԼСԺ
ӴҶ䲻Ľڿգһ
ŵϤϢؿڴ˿룬Цִ̧һ¡
һˡ̫ûҶˣҪ衣
ҡ
Ҷñһ仰˵˲䱬졣
Դҿ˿Ƴ˲С䡣ĵЦﲻסԴϣ߳ܵö˼ˡ
СԺԺԱߣòԶҶôǵش԰ԺӡԺССԼ￡ֵĸСһĺӴһͥԺѩ档
ĴҲʵƵġͥԺܵĸǽŷ磬Ҳ䡣ԱҶθҶרӵһ̧ͷԼӱӸһȿüۣѿڶļи¶ӡ
һ·ϣ˻ûü˵䣬ҶѾȥ
ССһŤͷһߴ˱ŰŵðѩӶˡŴ̵ֶСȵŵŵ׷ȥһ׷һ߻໽С䲻ϵðŰü۸С˲룬³˵ݡæǰȥסС
Сһˡ
СүСүңＫɫظסˡһֱһ˹ȥСССצӲͣǰﻹлǸץҰ
ҶֻԽԽյûţ޲ýԼڰıϡ
žһϣžһ˨һ磬Ҷöû
СԺ߸óʲô£˶úܡҶγȥġҶðһûˣСʤ»飬ûǸճϿ࣬ȥСС˽ӹССһҶξţҹɴҶ˯ˡ
Ҳ˵ٴ¶Ǵ磬һ˵Ҫȫȥྩ֮¡Ҷεѡ
һδģҲЩ仯
˵ԭȻЩɬ񳤿ˣѾӢӡθ׳ʣ䡣һ˫̵۾ҹеҰǡսϴٲȻѾȥ˹ȥĴç·һʱҪѪҶΣ̬Ҳñ˳˲١
Ҷû˵豭ǳǳһڲˮ˼
ྩôȻͥãҶһ۾ЩڡͻȻҪ뿪Щ᲻áҶҲףǧıܼһĴ͵Ϯȷʵ㲻ϰȫ
һԣ¶ֲ֮ɫ
˵Ҷ᲻ãʵҲδá˵ͥǰӹüΪ࣬ԴҶμܼԺϵӾ͹ζͥҶһִĴҵҪǰߣණôŪģ¶ô
ΪáûʲôڣֻҶúͺӹõӣʴһྩرӣǲôͣ
⻰һ˵Ҷεüͷ
ңʣྩĴҡЩ̾༸Ĵңֵ»Щġ̵Ҫûô׵ġü˼Ƭֱ̣ԲЩƣҪԶֽţǱ߱޳ĪҲʮ鷳ġ
ҶȻĶһλεİӣ֮䡣˵簲פȴҲұ֤һʧ
ǰͷξǻӡ
˵ףһˡȻҪȥɭϵྩȻʶų⡣ȣһ˵İΣҪҶδ㿪ʼܶ˿ĲҵҶ缸ȫѪһô̫Ҫ
ϱ˶ţҶ˼ó̾һͷûôҪЩʱȥɡ
ڱͥЩҵ˵Ҷ᲻ãҲ᲻áЩҵ䲻ҪˣȴҲͶ˺ܶѪ˼ȥҲ֪ǲȥС衷Ѿ˼ܾܲôװ׹˰ɣܹˣҶΪŮôܲȥྩ
߻ǵߡܶҶε˼
˶٣Ȱ˵ʰǵǻǴĸ׾̫ӡʺ̫֮λǱȻõġһ޾ҲһȥҲĳЩ˵˼ʵ᲻ñͥߵĲҵֻŵùȥ
ΪΪҪƤ࣬ΪȨƣʲô¶óվλЩõ϶϶뷽跨رסλҴΪλĲԼҹȥ󹬡ȹϵ»ʰ󶨡仰˵ྩժӵŮӾ١ŹĳŮ֮ĹŮӻδƵۣǱ̽żͼˡ
ڣϻҲ˵̫סһʹҶҲ˼
˵ʵҶβΪв衣ҲΪ衻ΪŮɫ塣ϵİҶλǸܵˣҲ˵ȥֻʱȻһ
һҪȥྩҲҪôϣɣС׺СС˼ȸŰྩʱߵĲҵסһһ㽫ᵽȥϻܼұ͵Ϯ黹ûвôͿߣҲġ
ţҶο򰢾ʱߣ
Żûü˵οʱҲ쵽ء˶٣ԼĪ꿪ʱҲ¡
꿪ĻҲżҵҲˣУ꿪ߡ
̶ˣһҲͷˡҶ룬ǰܼҹ͵Ϯϸ밢˵ˡҲǾ֮ˣʽ飬˼ԺߵλҲ١ȥģŻȽס
ʵ˵¶ܼҳûãྩǱ߾յϢ´ϲ飬̫ԶǴžʮֺʱλʵҲеµĿġ
֪˵ͷұ㿪ʼȥ顣
а֣ͷҶҲڴ
鰸ֱӣͷܶԴץ󡣼򵥴ֱĲ£׮ºܿͲòࡣڱͥ߻ϵòٵϵˣڰ·ӣȻʮַ㡣
һ˳Ų飬һͷϡ⸱ҲǸ̨ǾľˡǮǮͨ꣬Ĺǰȥ飬ץͷȥ
ǮͨΪλܼҶֵԭûǮͨ鷿ѳ˼źһ˲żྩԸйءⱾ˲֪ôмͻȻⱾ˲ͻеĹ
Ǯͨĸв鵽Щ˭û뵽ġ
ڲ鵽ЩǮͨץ鰸˿ûǮͨŵʱٽʿ䲻ͽǮΧˣǮ
ҶҲ֪׮ǣµľɰյϢѾץץ˸顣
˵ǰľʹͬ˾ղ̴ϡٱŷءڲǬ־ٱͻʹᣬı淸ϴһʱǽ˵ڿ𣬸֤ѩһϴǰĶŵľһһϦ֮ҰġĿıСˡ¾δ֤֮ȴԾɱ֮ŤηɱԲл
ȻʱҪŸ֤һһ֣һܺһһָϡһаſҲ粵ˡ
ˣظٶ˱նһ֧ȫš
ھİӣܼ˵Ȼ֮ء´˽ҵľƣһĿıϴھͷϵĲ֮ԩ
ıһʱ꣬永ҪôҪôѾϻ硣յѾյˣ֤Ҳȫʧ˺Ҫ鲻ô׵ġ衺ķ˲ٹֻ鵽һȳ䶨󻹾һף˭֪⾹Ȼץͷ
յʱ̲סűյָⷢס
ããá̲סмҶΣҵĸǣеĹˡ
ʵϣϱû㹻֤ΪϴԼ˴뱲ɱԵʵԼǺ˿еǷǶ˵Ҫֻı㹻ˡһĸǸ˼ӡ
ټĹտյķ͸С
᣷ǽǵҡţ衴һС񿴵óСһĿ˲Ůӣڷīɢͷ泯죬ҺЩңڻ΢΢ЩգһѻƵ۽ޣʹסȴסᡣ
İżּСԱһӡкӽӡֽӡǰճʱ࣬Цһһֶд
Сһֻġ
ʵϣƵĳҲûбˡСһҶСѣ衶СãֻоؿŵһɢǲԾ
Ұһྩ塭
Ҷȫ֪˼Ҳż衣󲿷ʱæŰĵ顣ȻעҪȥྩҶҲЩһ潫ߣһ滹÷ֳ˼ȥעǮͨһҲǾһԱԼҵȻҪйע
ʱæžǮͨʵ磬ҶҲڲԬƹԬǻݰ츮ˣǹ˼Ҷ̫̫һݴʷܼҵū͡
Ϊλᱻţ͸òˡת˼Ƶ˹ϡ
¶Թ˼ԼܼҵԹޣ빬ܳԺܼ֮ҡ޷ܼׯΪūΪ澵ּݡܼһ̰ܴʷնʾڣܼ˳˵ĳˡŵš󲿷˶ˡ
ԬΪܴʷĹ£ȻҲ֮ڡܼҲûж꣬Ϊ޹ܵǣԹ֮˺֮ǡҲ衷ԭ
ԬûҪܼҵĶ˴ڻ˽ֻΪ²˿һͬµǰĻ¸λ͵оֻ۱ֻۡҶʵû뵽ֵ󣬾ȻΪ̰۳©˲鲻֪һ黹ǽҶ˵ԭ֮ԱΪܻ¸䵽زɹĲ˳ʺ
Ҷ˽ֱץˣѺȥʲáԬʧְɴҶֱӽͷȨջһ롣ҲҶ̵ĽѵϸĹƶȱز١
ɽ׸ģơ֪ʼĩҲ̾»ˣƷΪϡ
ҶҲ̾˿Ӳò࣬ǸʰҲʰˡ
ˣһӶУȥʰˡҶߵ̯Ҳ⽻ˣ˼ȥϺ˻
Ϻǿʤҳϡмֱ£ҲҪ¶Ԭ£ѧһ˵ܳȻáŲʱྩҲѰ֮͹
ʮֲᣬҲͷңŶգǰۼҸûྩˡ


130 
Ǯͨһ˳ϻ˼غĶӡЩϸ飬ԡҺЩ˶ǸڱͥʱҲһġ˭뵽Щ˾Ȼǰı永ǧ˿ƵĹϵ
Ǵ˴͵Ϯܼҳ飬ҰͼץסңǾߡ
Ժ󣬰Ӿæµץһͷ˳󳶣еקˡкЩǾľˣľйġÿЩڽ֮ǰͳǽԺǻΪ³͢İ
ȻǱѣǾûԡǷ˵Ļᣬ֤ȷǱ㵱նɱңǵȥսҲıûֻܼ뿪ͥὫһߡ
ɸ֮ӱȳѶȣĥòᡣҶοгûģûҪֻ˰˸ˡ
һĳϦøĲƽ
ΪЩ£ܼ˺Ҷĸӻྩµ¶汼ҶóɻʱҲҲǾ࣬Ѱ˵仰ʱûСЩΣҶԼͦÿʱƴҸӲкӹûʲôõġ
㵹ǿÿϱ˵ЦˣҶÿȴճˡ
ҶЦЦʮȻɲǣҪһӵģܲʱʱճš
ȵӲĲ࣬ҲϡͿĹȥˡڼ䰢ٲּ˲Ѫɱ˸׼Ƶףɹ˲ˡΪЩʵˣֹǹǽͼ˰ѶΧһͰ
ܱ߻ǲ̫ƽ
ʼʹྩҲûȫɧűͥԼӲùҲ衺ùɱһһȫͼڹؿ֮⡣
ǵþߡǧշҲаһʱϾֻҹζࡣȰһ䣬شܼҰ붫򣺡ʡЩûûˡ
Ȼһ⣬ҶҲ֪ٵȥԼЦˡ䲻ᣬʱҶҲԥЪϢձ̡
öˣҶαȥЩ
ʵѾôߵ׼ãĻܰߡҶ˵ͷЩ¡Ҷβ˵ʵû뵽ͥôΣաʱި̲ס߶ÿǼڣȻͿӣ֪ٻء
ިѾ֪µˣɵۡ˵ץץϵ֡찦̾
Ұ˰ɡҶμ״ɿοȻ˶ץ㲻Щ·ˡ˵ҲҪߣ
ʵҶοЩ˲ץҲҶܼҶֵġʴȥͻҲ衸ˡһڻͼ屻ҶŴ򣬼شԪʮﲻڰЩֻҪǹðͷġ
֪صģϵͷֻİűǡ
ʱڣҹһһգ۾͹ȥˡ
Ҷγʱ佫ⰲ׵Ժ󣬽ƳƷǿȵϺﱤͼְֽҹһݡ
ͥߵܰŵöѾ඼׵һЩϸڵ齻˰šϴ͵Ϯܼһ£Ҷΰִ˾ƶרдһڲ¡ιֺ£ְȨϸֵÿһˡҶθµÿ˶˸λְȨֵͷϣ±ܺþ졣һгȥִС
ʱűͥߵ̺֬ѩ滨ࡢ֬ͽܡʩרŵĳ֣䷽
Ϻ֣Ѯģɽ϶뿪ӣϺȴѡ
￡ĴϻģʱҶλ𾪡ҶγŵҪѰһõʦΪס˱һֱûܶ֡ҶҪߣ￡Ȼһȥ䲻ֳľ￡ߣҲߡ
Ϊ£һֱܺ﷢һκܴĳͻ
ʱϵҪ߹ȥٲõҪһصġʱ˻һطһһӡ뿪ͥϺ˵ǲܽܵ¡ֻҪ뿪˱ͥǵټˡ
Ϻ᲻ã˽Ѻ
￡ȻԸϺΪ˶˴ֱ֣ؽӹﲻó
ҶȻš䲻ͬҵļ£Ҳû취๡ҶЩźģ˼ȥȥϺδ¶ϺѾ˾ܾ˼Ϻֱ֪Ҷο￡˵ĸнѾ㹻һСܹӣȥҲܶϰиõĽ
˵ϣҶαѵߵȰȥ
ѾǶ·ݣתůǻѩԵʣҹķ紵ιǵһ㡣
һζȥܿ͵˳뿪ա
ҹҶ˯ˣΪ˸ȻҲ硣Ժһžͷ˫ͨ￡ͥԺȡҶλϴС˵¶
Ҷһ˲˽С˽
￡Ҳ֪˶ãͷͨ죬СţͷȻһ㱡ıҶ˸ϽȲСЩȲȥſ˵ôţ
￡建ĬĬغաû˵Ǳصͷ
ҶοҲûг˵ʵڵģӵһμСҶξ;Щ졣ͨСһµҶλûиı뷨
ãСһ̧ͷȥྩ
Ҷ΢˶٣үү֪ô
￡ҡҡͷҧ°;ǿվǡ
ҶοãԴû˳ʳҶαһá
˵￡⺢Ĵϻۡѧʱգ˵Ŀ㹻˲ĿġҶԭĴǽСȥѧҴ˾ǵ壬¡ܰµѧӸ̵￡ȻǴ´ġֻҵĿǰʺͽʱĸչܼҪȥྩȻҲߡ
ûϺܾһҶҲҪСȥྩġѾϺܾˡ
Ѿʮˡ￡ҧҧ촽ѵҿԼΪԼ
⻰˵Ҷһ
Ϊһºѧʶˡ￡Դɤ˵ģ˵Ļȴ˵Ҳһ֪
֪ΪЩжԴԸ뿪ңô
￡վ߲ŵҶؿڣһ˫۾ȴòƺͯڡ
ҶοãȻЦǰСк˵ʵҲЩԥġ˵ϺԸ￡ߣʱյıҶκûڡǾñͥгɳֻĻ
ʱ˳ɲҪҪ˲Ҳǡ˶٣Ҷ̲סǺʱԺӵģһ翪žͿ㣬ҹܳ˰ɣ
СĻǰҹүү˯ġ
С̽ץסҶεӣһߵĶ԰ɣ
ȻľģҶȻοҸүүŰɣҲˡ
￡۾һ˲˵صͷ

ҶεĶʵѾװ˳ʱװöǱ˵Ķ
ҲѾ糿úܡŴվڴſڿһЩӱȻûסãԺӻģﰡҲҪжߡָľȶܻرͥ
ͥ˵ຮشڡס᲻á
ȻܻģҶЦЦֻµʱûǸᡣ
˵ŻźӣҶҲԺ
ҪߣҶȻҲҪһߵġ
ǳ͢٣ྩۡͼҵһƷ佫ʹ͵ĸۡټĸۡţ͵ҶùȥáΪ¶Ѿ˺Щʱգ˵ǴЦġȥྩΨһһĻϲˡ
㣬Ǳôţ
¶ʵҲٶ಻Ҳ᲻õġԭţҶһֱæûҴ
ҶԵûʲôӦҶϷûʲôꡣ
㿪ڵرͥҲڣȻǸŴӡ
⵹Ҳǣ׶ڣҶϷҲ벻Ů
ùؾһҶ̾˿ｫСС˱һܼҵĴԺ밢ɻԺ󷴵ܼסĸáССͻСв֪Ϊ棬ſڴԱ֨ҽС
ҶβںҶˣЩĲ¹ҶáԴϴλֵһҶþʧˡһʮСҶ˳ȥҲûţֻ֪Ϸ
ţҶִ̽ͷõ£ϱϢô
඼ϳҶҲϢ˵ٻݼá
Ҷô˵ҶõĵǷһ㣺ѰˣҲȥྩˡ
ȻҶԭôġҶϷ⣬ҶⱲӶرͥһҶҲģӵƤӵ
˵Żƺûȥ̨һҶϷ޵Ĵ㣬룬ҲûȰ˵õ˼
׼µĵҲ㿴ܲ˻Ǳǡ
һ˦֨ѽ֨ѽߡ
Ҷ˳һܸ֮

Ϊ˾絽һ·ϺЪϢ
ԭ̨أݡһ·ߵġ˼ԺҶκȻյҶõһš˵żĵҪߵ·в٣һƹݡôɣһ˸յִվ׼ЪϢղٳžôִݵվ
˿ǼĸҶεģǾֱӵҶεС
ҶԭΪϵ£ֻҶñƽ򿪿žüͷҶòȥϱûã⻹ûϡͿҪˡҪ޵๫Ĵ󣬱жʮꡣǻ˼ҵĺӶһֱ꣬Ҷüͷšôᡣ
ҶøպϴҶüͷűҪ
ҶΰŵݸɫҲÿ
˶һۣҶÿ˿ڣ᲻Ūˣ
ֽŴͷβһ飬ȷûŤͷ˵Ǳƭ˻Ǳ˹ˣ
Ҷε뷨ҶһҶӣûм˵Ĵ㡣ܲڻϳ˿ֻͷȥ޸ܵˡҪԴ˴ɵˣǾһǱвˡ
Ҷó£Ҷβ˵ܡϻؾΪûģҶò㱻ҶϷ޸˵ʲôҶζܵסһ˻ྩ·̲ܵ飬Ҷ˼룬ðȻިС׼ߣĻݡһ·һȥô¡
ͬ⣬תһϾѾˡ͹˰ϱߣųϱߵΣաǰӦӦҲ¡ǱʹӦˡ
㣬ҶαСڼݷ·ߡ
ӼһҲ̫ԶҶ˿ӱޣһ¾͵ִ˻ݡ
˵ҲǴɣҶβŵݣûҶãڹٵϸ̼ҵ̶ˡཥԺ̲ͨҲѾˡΪ͢ĴѹһֱʮŵĻ̶̽ʵ˲١̶ͥҲȥɹ
衴Ժ󣬳̼ҵļ̳˱˳̷硣δӵȻǳ̷硣
֧ڿջϣ̷翴Ҷβûβ˦ɷβ͵Ļۿ˴ұ߽˲ϴͥڱֱӳ嵽Ҷεǰ
Сһ°εźס̷վڲԶЦòãˣּˡ
ҶΣ̷ǰûԼԴ¡˵ǰܲ˴ˡ衶ǸλˣôɣĹ졣
΢΢ףҶα㲻¥¶ֱ¥ȥˡ
̷ٻִ֪磬ûйûҲˣվ¥¿ҵ˻޲ðεȥˡҶθҿ϶⣬ƻӸڳҲû˭ˡ
ӡĵ̷磬һٶҶεҪҪһҿջ
ҶΪ˾Ϲһ·ûЪҹĵߵͷҪˡҡҡͷСȥˮް̷˵֣ȴĹġ
һʲôȥ
ҶټҶպȥЩʱա
ҶóҶεǰٲȻ˸ģһɫŨ޵ҺɫȹżΪµױݡȴһȦ˿ġĸδ׳׺ݵӣĸӼҶֻ̧̧ۣʲôҲû˵
õһ˲Ƭֳ㡣
ҶüͷĸӣĿ䵽Ҷõϡ
ֻһ仰ô£˵˵
Ҷͱ˱˵ʲôһӿһ졣
Ҷεɫʱѿˡ
С棬塣
СҲû˵һγĳ
ĸû뵽Ĺ˵һ˲˹Ҫ˴ҲΣĸյֻ޸֮СͶӡû嶯֣Сһգۼˡ
ĸӺȻأҶ˵ҶεĻͺޣ㡭
Ҷαʣ޵һӾˡ˽ĸȫǽǣҶĺ󱳡
Ҷ˰ʱͣ۾׵øƵġ
˵Ҳӣֻ˵ʱŮ˵ǼЩҶõ뿪̨˾ҪһҵġЯ˽ӡһ·£ڽϿʳ˭֪첻Ըų̨ƭӣİ˸͵ˡ
ոҶѧģ˰ѷ϶Ʊ
˵շתݡ֪δŮӲҵװĹѸȥŮȻĺúõģκ߹ҪǮ¡ΪŮȥһĻŮˣȴֵù˵ĵܸܵˡ
ɫһۿεСˣɫʮֳڡ˴֪ǱĹѸûʲôݱ±ҪǿŮ
ҶһŮӲҴŵҲ㲻һǿ׳ЩӶ۸׵ľ޼֡ⲻûգͱɫ˼ҡҶóӣҲԼݲһ㡣ɫǵͷߣĻָĸ׳Ӱ˸
ҶֹҲˣۣûݾͱ˸˻ȥҶԴһͻһͻģҪ⼸Ǽҵū澣
šҶŴ־뿪̨ȴ治ôס֮նûǸۺС
ûԿɣʮ꣬ҶлǸӡͲ÷һߡ
ҶɫЩѿʮ߳ܡòŵ˵ͷѵҺϼһ˵û֮ǰңûմˡýļʱ
Ҷ³һģǾͺãû¾ͺá
Ҷǻỳ¡òСҶεһ˿С棬ȥһţúø̸һ̸
СһŵϵӣӦǡ


131 
úܿ죬Ҷθֿ͸šʹߡҶ˽һ˵ʹΧǸʲӵ֣ҡ
֣ǻ̼֣Ϊү׹ϵøз֮ȻͺЩıӻһҶ⻹ͷһ⧲ģ˳֣˶ʱͻʶƣſڱ㱻ͷĽʿһߵϡ
÷˺δǡͷĽʿĸƢǽһ˽֣ԴӵȺбָţȥúʲô°ɣССֵ̼ӲСʲô㶼ҾУҲ¿еӲͷһ˵ȥ
ЦһȵˣȫѺߣ
˵ţһ˳֣С˳
֣ԴҲǿҶõˡðûԼʲô˵ˣǿŮӲһֱʶȤû˼ҵġ֣Ҳôһ¡֣Դɫߵ塣֣Դ°Ůӣƺ˵йˡ
ʶһ㣬֣Դ亹ðǣǲǸĹѸô
ǲǹѸȿһҲ֣ԴʱʵˡҲ˵֪ʹԼҵùСӺɫ°ʱжޣ޵޲ý֣Դ˳ȥɱˡ˵ûЩ˱粵Ļᣬеؾʹݵĵͷߡ
Ҷξûȥܣһ·ݾҶáѾӵˣεĸò˻ȥڻձҶ̡
һ·۳ͶٵģҶҲ۵òᡣ
ҶԴ򱻺һԺ˵ľ񶼺ת˲١ɫҲۿɼĺ󣬵ȥˣ㡭ܲܰҳȥǮҪ
Ҷ˺üܵٶǮһӾûˡ˱ҲˣûɻԼȥô붼ڵѪҶҲǸǿģ޹һԺû¡ֻ˸ѵŰѱҪһ顣
ҪȻҪץˣ˳Ҳ˼ңʡ
ҶҶ仰ľȥҪǮˡ
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һ棬˼ա񿴵̲ס˵Ҳİ˲١
Ҳ˵˵֣ҲϷľ޼֣ҵӱȱ̻ͥҪ֪١
ҶλͷһμôĹŶֻɺʯ֣ҺöҪɻʵˣԺŮøӵСĶ鵱ЬӵװΡеԲĴ鴩ɴӣɳƵϸ͡ЩҲӦؽҶεĿڴ
ЦҶκôҲԤʺ󡣳ûĲƲ衲Żչ⣬˾ġڳû˸飬²óûĲҲҶε˽⡣
Ͼ»ǷʮӵծءЦģⶼӦϢ
ҶκϲĶ£Цеĵͷ˵Ĳ
¶ЧʵģЩҲķ˺üա
ҶεҲżǮ˭µʱ˵ڸҲû˭ǰ㲻ۣʱϮҶΡΨһ۵ģžǹܲס۾ĳ̷ˡҲ֪û̫ҴյҶεĸǰֻż˸ҶЩеʳʳ
ҶΣ
ëûУһ̰ëĲ͵ĳʳ׻ǾôģغŲСɴѰ˸Լ˳̷硣
̷˵òˣױһҶΡ
˵òȣȻǵһġҶ꣬δһ衰־ɫ㲻µ䣬̷Ҳ̫ѷɫһŮĵĳࡣһ˫۾ǳЦţزס
ζԸˣ̷һԾ£ɫľװյ֫ϸʯϣһʳŵҶεǰ
ҶƳһСֽŵӦǿ֮Ķζ̲ס̾˿̷磬Ӧ֪ҲҶ˰ɣ
ȻҶζԭļѾģϰȴǼǵһġԭϲøJĸ㡣ҶǸϲʳˣϲ⣬ϵĸֿ⡣ʵϣͥ˻ûпϵԭӦζ
̷ϵЦݶʱ㵭࣬û˵
ĬҶȴĬ
ҶǰˮˡԭҶβ˵κ£ϾӲ񡣽ʬ˵ܹǽ˺µģҶοɲ뱻ɹﱻʱƲУվǰˣǶһͬƤҵı˰ˡ
̷۽޲һ˲ѾȫЦݡãɤʣʲô֣
ţ
̷̧Ҷһ飺ʲô֣
Ҷζ˶٣ѡʵʵ˵ҲҶΡ
㡭
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̷֪Ҷвѧû뵽ô飺ˣ
ǡעеᣬҶΣŮӡ
Ŷ
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𣿡
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̷֪һ֪
Ҷһüͷ
Ҽ̸ǻأұѾ³ֻҲģ̷Դǰ޵ĿˡʵƤһģֻװ겻һҶƤһƤҫ۶ĿĴˡƾһǻץŲţժ¡
ҶĬĬЦʺˡ
˵ˣҶαûٶϵЩ⣬Ƴһ̷ۡɥһ۽ЦֽƵҶεǰ㻹ǻԵİɣղ԰ɣ
ҶΣǶ࿴һ۶ѣûô

Ҷ̷˵Ժ󣬸оһֱѹڼͷļˡȻһ̷ֱܿĽӴǸæøһ䣬Ҳʱྩù߶ţҲвܶ£佫ʣµ½УҪһߡ
ӻһϵҶһ˵ִྩʱѾ˳ġ
ҡҡλεĻûнྩǣѾڳǽϺšԶӳſڳһЩˣԶԶӭҶοڳϱĿ񣬾͸оӻͣ
Ƭ̺󣬳ű˿ˡ£ʮֵӡҶ۾ûǾ
Сǰ˳ţȻһĨɫӰȻ˳ᡣ嵭滨ڳɢӷԸСһǰһҶ۾ͱ˸ӵ˻СЦһҪ˵͸оݺһʹ˾Ȼҧ
ʲôѽʰҶ°ͲŰԼĶжˣǹһҧˣ
ߣҧһ£ˣôòĳ˻ǵҲ
Ҷؿⲻʺ㡣
衣
棬ǳصؽǰɢ͵ķΧ١֤ǰͷĶ۹۱Ǳǹĵߡ
£Ҷθȴûʲôһ·̫ãһֱûôҶʲô²Ҳ۵Ļšֻ˱УȴϥϣõСȡλƵصִ˹š
ʹ˽ϸҶǱҶҪһµҶôССȥ٣С׺ި˹Żûв⣬ʱûסϲ
֪ҶҪͽڹſڵš
һǱ˹ӡ
ֻ˹ſڣϵ˾ͱ˻ȥ˵Ҳûвˣ֪̫ûϱҶ÷Ҳǻݹһһҹųϲ̵Ц
СҲһˣʱܵˡ
СϵסҲɴ۾Դĸ
̵СԴϣù˿ˡ
衻δǻæûȥѡ޵һһֱסǬ幬˵ҶΪŮˣ衸׼ù˽ҪҶθסһδ빬ʰˡ衻ǽҶεҶǬ幬
Ϊסŷ㣬ڵĳڱͥԲʽ
Ҷһͷˣ۾㲼õģ
šǣֽȥ˲һء
һڣ˶᣻ƮҶĿɨһۣױ̨λöҶڱͥϰ˵λãôסҲŤ
ܴڷҶεĶ֮ǰյġҶεһӾͳӯˡҶƳױ̨ʮƿ滨࣬ϵζҶοЩЦԴã¶ɻ㿪ʰ͵ҵ滨డ
Цһ˶٣ӵĶô͵أ
ʱձͦڣ
ƳһۣɫˣŬС
ҶαЦģһδòֳ˲١ģʵǺЦȥҶûסһѹס衵ĲӡвһֹסҶεҶżԼĴ
ȵĴϣϤϢ˱Ƕ
ţſȥҶαǳǳһ¾գţݱ˱˱ױ̨ϣһȹڡ
ױ̨ϵĶ죬Щظˤϡ衴ǰˣβ鶯Ũ֬ɫ۽޸һƬ˿Ѿͱһˡ׺ּңܰײ顭
ŮЦѱĴϢѹסĵȡҴɫ
ĹͷôĶǲմŮɫŪġ֪ʱǰͥ˶ˣһûȫʹ˳ȥ
һʹԴٲҿ
һҹȻ԰ɫزסҶҪˣ˸ɿߵ⡣ֱͷްõһյƻ
ãȴеĵƶȼ˲ſʥһŵѳŽ߳ڷٵڼϣü֮е䱻ȡĲȫץۣٲȻһ˾촽ɤùͳʳ¶
ҶѾǰ󱳣ĴǱ˱ˮġ
ȴɹͣҶβ¶档
ϵ˼ΣȴҲɵšֱҶʰɾ֮˲ſδŮӵòҶβ֪ǹ̬ȣֻ˵ʳӱŹȥϵסСҶεһ˦ŵŵܳסҶεȡ
ǵˡסҲ߳ӭûԿɣ
ܳʲôࣿ
ûأҺõúܡ
ҶЦЦСֶձϽڵ
ިɵغһҶΰС׷ŵԴתͷ˵¡һ·ͽ衺ϲ֪ٷţ֪Ķ֪ˡྩȶҲɾˣҪȻ衵ǻ͸۹͡
۹͵гȥٳ֡ϲЩֻǲ籱ͥں絽һ£Ѿ˼γ͢ѡģ˵ġ
ﰡʰտ˵Щʲô
ҶһԺһЩ컵Ļ˶٣򶨵ؿڣ˵ʲô
ֹ
ҶƳһۣɫǲµ˵㡣衵ǻ֮󹬣Ǻܵģ˺ûǸ㡣ڳĽɣ˵ʵڵģ衻ȺвЩˣԺǵ⻹
סеɵۣ
ǼôҵҲǺķ˺ܶѪģԼѵˣȥ˻һˣֳû˲ٲƲͷôණڣ̫˷ˡ
⵹ǣҪҲܶࡣȲǰͥҲһղС
ö룬ֻҪ˲࣬١֮ôѴǺ󹬼ǧˣÿҪǧū澡һ࣬衲̧ˣٺܶ¡
ҲǡҶôһ˵Ҳת
Ͽûʲô޶檾ͶӶร뷨Цɻ飬ҲûȥĴ֦ɢҶټľһһŮĸԤģĺӶġȻҲƻӶϱĸ顣
¶˵䡣
Ҷһ㲻ţԭ衷Ѿ˴࣬Ҳֻǵ˸Ҷʵ衸ûгƵ۵Ĵ㣬򲻻ᵢ˿һ˻ûǻ
ˣأҶձֱȥ޹Ҷںͷб˸ٵġ
˼ʲô䡯̧ͷͿҶһ˴ӻǱ߹
ǡ˵ţ̧̧ͷ
ҶһŤͷСһɫװɽ軨
סСġҶòøҶһסֲһס㱻ŹһסҲĴĺܣڻ¶ܿ͹ȥˣ˼صĳʳҶιһ㣬˺üʳʳ
ҶҲûԱһ˷
˵ԭİطĲڣżһоʳ˲䵭ȥҶγ˼ҶŪĿ⣬üͷĿζˡ
ܿʳҶһûУԭʹ㿪ʳֻûɡ
ϳ˿Ҳͷ־ˡ

ҶñҶθôſ˼䣬ð˳
ڹʱգҶҲûš˳ʱС÷󲿷ʱ䶼ڹˡҶδЩͼֽõȥȻƳЩʱΪȶƣ罫֮ĲõȻҲá
ⶫҶγ˸衵ĸԤУʵһء
ⶫڴ̣ô𣿡֪Ҷסڻµġⶫȴû̫š
Ҷξ˵һ㣬Ҳڲãǵԡ
һ䣬ǰ˵˻
һ˲䣬޴ıըУһɳʮţԶķѡҪѪ֮ը⡣һ̣У۾ҶΡвЩҶȴδλŮӵĽ죬ԼһֱҰĻʺ󲻳ܵྩԭسǡ
ֻǵһ棬Ҷ΢΢һЦ޶˵ˣٸһ䷽ĻЧЩ
Уѻȸ


132 
δʺǸɫһμҶεӡ
ԭȰдҶεģ񶼵õҲ˵ô룬ҶȴȫûЩ˷ϡڹʱգ齫㱨ЩҪ⣬󲿷ֵľ£еϡ
˵ʱụ̃ũҵΪҶλǾҵ̻õԿסᶨξûϲ㽨ûǮͿ϶ˡ
Ҫڲ֮أ˵մľضҪӵ㹻ʵľſɡ
ɷϵһ£δʺǸǳĳ롣ʺĺǰǿö࣬Ҷµ˶ʵ࣬Ҳ޵ӵоӪܵ˲šҶæµó鲻Ҳʱڽóﱸ鶼ﱸɡ
ȻҶϣûǻش²ǷǳִţԵǻǸ׵ġ
ҶΣѰ˦һСú𣿡
ѵôӷصĳмУҹҶεĴ
һȥͱҶһߵ˺źεһֻţ¶᾵Ľ׹ǣ޳Ľ°׵÷⡣޹ؿεСϱգ۾ôʵ۸ۻ׵ɡ
˵⻰衻βסЩԹ
Ȼûʵ۵ĵӶءСһĺӣôĹ˦ͷϣ治Ǹɽѣѹˡ
ҶĪҭҭԭҲǲ뵱ʵۣλøŮĶӡ
˵´£¶ô
Īҭһҭֵĸ첲ϣԴڷˡͷϵڲСȶǵڷ컵ڵ̺ϡڳ¶ǣһ޾ЦǼ뵱ʺô
Ҷһ۾¸벻뵱ʺʲôϵ
ȴӦ㲻뵱ʺҵʲôʵۣ
ҶαЦˡأ衲һ̲ξ
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˦ʲôʣ衵һ˵
ҶȴøֻͣɫһñӿͷϵĶ衶ˣһӿˣЦ۾гһ졣ͷǹɵسϣԣ˦Ͼͬͬ餵ķޣһÿżﲻǣһծ۵ˣ÷ô
㵽Ҫ¶߶ãҶԭ¶仰ͱƫˣС㻹ˣ
ҽʮͷΪβܽ
㿴ңⲻ֮ϣһԣ
ôղҪʲôţô£
ôһҶθоԴ˵ġ
˶٣Ҷûסľˮ㣬֪ʰ
Цü۵ģ˰ʵûסЦû뵽Ҷ˶ô˺þõʱɢˡһЦһ滹ͷҶΣԶԶԣľˮңΡ
ҶΣ
Ҫúһ¶ҶξûλøСסǵС߰ʱٸҲٵһܶʲô߰ʱ˵ʱ˻ʵۣҲС׵ٻԵüͥȽ
ðɣҶҲûں󹬴á
ƵطԺǽߵˣһһξ͹ɭɭġֲ⹬֮͢ˣ϶ԩĵطξǺ󹬡ҶǸǳʵˣʱ𣬴һЩ顣ǶԸʼչ²ǺܸȤ
Ҷβʷϻʺľְӡ֮оͳɡȻǱְҵֻǾõ衹ŮˣǺܲͷ
ͦãҲͦá
衾͸ҶζĻ׳һ֪ҶεĵߺԭʵϣⱲԼʵֹۣϱӵĴݡС׳Ժ뷨͸ıˡϱûԼĺӲŻѡʵŹ£ⱲкӣȻıݡ
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Ҷգգ۾ͷ
Щӱ˴˶̫æµҶʵûϸˡʱҶβŷۿɼرݡԽ´ɿġ˯߲㣬ü֮гž⣬Ҷεٿһ̲סЩˡ
ȻŹеۣһ𣺡ﲻԸⱻһӣΪ߲Ҳͦã
֮Ϊһ߲ͷʶɵķɢƵǳõı棬ܰԼĵࡣ
ҶΣۼҲôں󹬣
ȳȶ˾ͺáϥϵĻҳϴһֻҶε󣬽ľ࣬һȴָһ»رͥȥ
ʵϣ᲻ñͥͥʵ衡թӣϵȨɱȨӵСûеõ˻һֱǣõʱ̴ڿ־֮СΪӹĵӣʵֻڱͥǼˡ
ʳﲢҪ̫£㷹ʳúóԡӲ̫󣬸Ŵ̾͹ˡ
Ҷο۽һգһգģ׻ˡգͷüףѰ˦СҲУСһǸϻ۵ġ
һ䣬Ҷǰĳ˻عǣҶεĿһ¡ܵе΢΢һ۾ӱȣʤ˵ġ
ȻۣҲȷʵ̫ûϱ˻ûסҪӵĳһ衷˱ŵϣҶεգӲӲʩװɵϱһءǵٲ˯ܻҶһƽһص˸žȥ˲˯˸Ⱦ
С׵ǻһգ˶µġֱѩһȵϣϲһεҶһ⣺ô˵ҲñԺסˣ
Ҷβϲ󹬣ϸϲҪ⣬ǵվͻɾȥ
šҶĿбӵؿǰάһ侲صСӦͣס󹬱ססˡ
û˵ֶ
˵ס⼸¼еĶĥˡҶúСסިڣǻԼ衣ϸྩĹ˿ɲͬһϲի𣬶ϷҶơϴûбϲãҲǸᾲĵӣΡ
ǸãҸͰȥ
һҲྩˣձصɵĻûܰסһʱգУҲߡˣСû˹ܣ
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û˵ֻбһҶΡ
Ҷƽжæû˱ϸˡϱĶĶãǲչ˺ӡ鶼Ҫģںϵ˼ࡣ˵ں󹬹ţȴ᲻Сܿࡣ˼ȥ̾һˣʵڹסŰɡ
ҶΣ
С׵ǻ˻ʵۣӦس
ΪޣҶȴû
˱ĲãҶһзأɳ빬͢һ»ʣ¡ʵ˵Ĳûи߹ҶΣҶҲЩ⡣ӦΨһĸоǣ˹ȻĻ׳档
┘һ·ţһƬȻ
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ôĹǷκڳһӵϣ˶ӦϧʱվǰǸŮӣóΪʺˡ˵ʷйŮͷһʵȨŮǰ޹˺ߡ
±վƣݵʹ⡮˾ΣߣֱջسȻǽϣ
ɡҶαЩ죬Ȼ衽øΪβܣ
Ҷλվ˳΢΢һЦҲһ̡Ǹλ⣬һ˳һһ̡
ҶεĻһ䣬һǰУը߸ߵɳ˲ѻȸ


133 
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Դ೯СĻʵݵϵλΪԪ»̫С丸ĸϳüȡˣ㿪·Ͷơҷϳƣʡơڸ۹͡
Ҷ֮⣬ȻҲõΪ̫̫󣬾׷Ϊĳɵۡ
衲δǻΪۣЩǣǿĴѾ衵֮£֮ϱίεĶ衵ĸЩǰɳû๵ʸ衿Ϊڼû̫۵㣬Ϊ³͢ȶű־ˡ
仰˵衼ĸЩ˳ɻˡ󲿷˶нβ͹ӣҴüͷ
Ҷθö֮سǵ鷿ҲӲӡһЩ̲ϳԴ΢ʣ衵̬һš
˰µĳҶҲٵľ档
˵ֻλ꣬Դʮ־޴ġһƶʱڣ飬ũﱻСʳѡв֮˵òã͢ٻϵͳҪְλ²λ֮ռݡ
֮һ仰ٷϴˣҪ䡣
Ѿ˳ŬֶδؼһˡҪĹְ滻ʤεˣֻ˻ȥϤȴҪʱա³͢ĴѾȶʵѪҺʵµҲˡ
ҪϢͨ˺͡ǺطԱƶȱҪ䡣طԱһ󹤳̣ûбϢϵͳϢϴ´ʵܿȻǲ
ôģҶο衵ԣһƬ
ΪôˣĹٳҪġЩĳس˵ʵ£ϸλȻǲݰֻЩ˸Ϊи档Ϊάȵ棬Щĳݵ䣬
˵ѹ飬ĳЩ񷨺͹ȴҲҪءҶЩ˵ĸЩŽҲһС鷳ʱ˵ģǴİա
ظĸڱС³һЩϱ˾鵹ûϱѡֻЩż˦̯Ҷιɽ֣һҲܰʳǾЭġ
ҶĲ࣬Ȼûжټҹ黳Ҳȷʵе𸻵аŮʵ֮˲䱻ṩһֻ˶δ
ϱйظƣһֱûѰһʵķʽ
Ϊڸ˰꣬ûóһ᰸
ҶԵ˽µĳҲŪ˴״ʷϵγ࣬ɻƶľҲࡣԼѣǵԵɺͽγγԵ࣬ʵؽȡѵ
ڸһΪ˸ĸ﷽࣬Ҷεһοڣһĸ﷽
̯Ķ
˰̯ӵصͷϣĶȡ˰Ƿ⽨ƶȸĸﵽڵƶȣȻЩǰеı㹻塣ʵʩҲ޿ܣҶޱصӵдصֵķʽ˰Ҳ˳˹⡣
Ҷһʯӽ̶˲伤һڱŭӵдƬĸ߹ʿ壬޲еıƮƮַҶθ
衶һ˶٣ü˼Ȼô˾ٿС
ȻǿУǾʷʵóľ顣Ĵ˵Щ̫ˡУֱӴӴ⣬Ȼܵ谭
ڸΪ±㱬һ󵽳һ𶯡
衲֮ȻûиĳʵҲ롣һʵûʯȪͬŶʮǹӣȥ
Ҳ˵һȥʱǮۿɼسӯ
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