ȳΪͷӵĴԽŮ
ߣ

İ
ڻʵͬ̿͡
ʵ۾Ȼˣ
𾪣
ڱ̨أ?أѪأ
ʵ۲аûУ
Ļʵۣ
ڶգͱʵȥȲ裬Ҫ޽

ͻʵ۵˭Ƿӣ
ã޾͸ٽܴͻ飬˭޾ͽ˭ָ
սеĲ豭ɣ̫ˣô˶϶Ǽ񳤵ñ˧ҧȻͷЦǻϣĻ˭Ҳأ
ٽܣ
˭˭ˣ

ݱǩ ֮ Խʱ
ؼ֣ǣ  ǣٽͥ  
һ仰飺;ֻ֮һ
⣺Ҫ˵


1 
Сڷ磬̤ӵĻˮһ޺ۡ
ŻʳҵǴٹﻷʣƽĵ·ȶˣӭƮٺɫĸǽլͭʨӣɫĴı䣬ϵֵǻʵﶼҪһȵġ
ȻԽǿʳǣپԽ˾Խ
һӶ߳ſĵ·һֱߵߵ֣ڵ崦լԺͣ¡
Ϊ׵һŰɫ£ͷڣò൱˹ĵ꣬һҲϡ򸮡֣ʮ˧ߵǰ΢΢ˡ
¹󣬾˵ĲŬ˽ĵλĵͥɸʤʮ͹پһƷΪ֮׵飬ڲ˵ûʵ۵Ρ
ʱһڣϸĵڷ⣬עŹŮ
õõŵͥĸסĵطϷм䣬۾ŷ黺زš
ͥ·ĶܣͥͩԼ˳ϡ
˹ŵˣĺӶվš
ΪͥɵɫԼĬԽԽӲ䣬ֱſڵ˽˵ǳƽһӵˡ
ʹںԺĵԺͬһСԺߵĲͲ˻¶øӵĽƶĿѾв۷裬ǰԼ飬СԺ˴ʱһ͵ĳ³㣬ϵЬӣͷϵƷҲ̡ͬ
С￴ʮۣ꣬ǣӣ죬ཱུɽľ顣
ֻǣֻʱȭͷӳغ:ߺ߹٣ߺ߹٣
ںԺվֱ壬ӹŮݹӣ˲ڵĺˮ̧ͷ˿գӵͲ˻ͷԼ·̻һ۾Ȼ󣬲׼һ䣬˶ҽ

¼Ҵҵ˽С㣬ˣƽ˻
С㣬Ҳ⻰ԶԷ˵⻰ͷϵɫţ˵ѪҪɫûԭģΪŮ˸ֱ
һת
˾󵹣˫ڿлţغѾ
С㡣
ѾȥԼӷãڱ¿ĵطذһСѪ͡
һ̣ǾͿԼѪˡ
ôһѪ
ʻ״˺Զ
С㣡
ѾǷǳĵġ
ｫԴļϣС˵ִеڶ׼ƻ
Ѿͷ
£߻ҽȥϢһϾҪ˵ӶϲѾ˵
ǡ
߻ǰһֱҪĴѾѾСĵطźڣ¡
Ѿ߲ĵĻ˯
š
϶ǶƣУ
ԺĴѾѾԼӶ׵Լسȥ
͵ĵطװȫǰͥɵķģǷ˱ҪκǽЩֻ⣬ֻнŴҰ޼Բ׶״ѩɡ
̫̫λϣͥɺͥͩӣǳƽ򸾡
ڳƽ麭Լ򸮵ĴүʹС浾վԼҵĸĸ󣬳ƽʮº͵̬Ⱥ˵࣬һ˵ڹ۲˵ɫԽľԽ³ֱ˵Ķ˵ˣ˵һһ䡣
ô£
˵Һܲܳ
˵ܳ
ĻҲǽԴϲ
ͥɿƽԼ麭үҲ˼𣿡
ƽоԡ
麭ȴѾվ񣬡򲮲һõģ벮ȫ
ǰ꣬ͥͻȻһ˿Ц⣬ͷͬҼҶԼ
麭վֱ壬ϵϲɫҪѹֲסˣ֪һδ޶Ƕ裬ò˫ȫȴûĹӣΪôһδ޵Ĵڣ
⸱ģҵ˶ؿһۣƿͬʱ֣
ʱ򣬴Ů
һ£
Ѿڵ߽
򸮵˿ܲǵĳ࣬ɴѾϤģ˵ǶεѾߣ岻ã־᷸財»Ѿͷ棬ԣĳֵǲ⡣
ϷԼҶŮһ䣬ѾͷΣ
Ϸ˵ĻѾô˵ȴߵм䣬麭˵ǼСûʲô󰭣˻һѪڻԲѶѡ
Ϸһ٣ߵһ䣬ȥ̫ҽ
뿪ѾӽС۾ȴܴ󣬴ʱб۾麭쮳˰˳ߴ󺺵ƣС̹ģҪƿȫƺСǣʮִغⶼص㣡
ǳ鴤
²ǵһμÿλǻ̲סŶԷ˼·룬ⶼص㣬ʲôص㣿
ȻźӣѾͷҲЩˡ
ӣ׵ͻ鶼ūС㽫˻ȫūһѾߣС㶼վţѾǲģԣбۣȸղŸ󣬡Ҫ˻ԣһʮӣǽǮū澽ӴлŮ޸ɣ
ˣ
졣
ͥɲ
úܡ
ȻⲻжϲԼҵķΪ麭ΪʲôҪ˻顣
˻ʱҪԼﶨףҵĹﵱʲôˣְͥɵʲô
ոշƵͬףѾ⣬ǰ麭е˶õκεְλְģʲôѻ죬һ˵ġ
ƽ
ŵͦģҲжٸүӣʵȨм
Щ¡
Ҫһһū澣˭ܿóǰСǸѾ߰򲮲
үҲûá
ѾŶԷĶһЦݲõ˵£ūҪۣҲػǮ˵붩׾Ͷף˻ֲǵôͳôõ飿㳤ͦÿģþ͸ˡ
ˣ
ŴѾʱһ㶼֣ͦġ
ƣ̫ˣǵʲô
ƽ˵
үȻԸ̸Ǯū澾ͺ̸̸ģ˵ūھʹԺӵūȥ״ƴһԺ˵ҪҪ麭ıңĹΣ壬ģһ˵˺õĳĻ޵ĴѾˣһ£һתûʵ۱»ô죿
ӴûбεһƬͨ졣
̫ˣôôڣȷһ㶼Ӱ죿
ѾЦȴӵĲˣҪū澰һ£ʲôȥū֤Ŷ
仰Դŵ⣬˳㻹գգ۾
ɫ׽档
үˡ˵Ѿ̬ȱʮѺãǰһĶԷļ򣬡ԣū澾ûǻǮ˽˱ȽϺãԲԣ


2 
һסִ˵ĳ嶯ǰεѾߣ̫ˣ
ѾҪ췴
˭ĵӣ
үͥɣûжԷߣȻԣƽﲻעر巢ֺЩ壬ˣҵĽһѾҰ
ҪǻǸϳȥˡ
ͥ¶ʵ΢Цҵ˾һŵ㣬Ļ
⻰ո£Ѿ͸ЦݲҺ˵лү佱ʵū澳Ļ⣬кܶŵ㡣
΢Цͥɱ鶼һ¡
ƤҲŵ
үӣǰֻ·ҪôǮҪôơѾĵЦݣ˵ݵĻС˵ˣֻҪһС㣬ֻҪһղͿ֣Ҳ˶š
򲮲Ҳ˼𣿡麭֪ͥҵĵҡ
ͥɲ¶ɫؿԼҶ岻ãз財ټϺദûʲôŮ飬ӵδһˣҲ뷽跨˻ġ
ֻ˻ĻʵôΪѵġ
ΪһףΪŮҲԼֹʱϺȵġ
ҼҶȷʵࡣ
һ仰ͱ̬ȣֻҪɵӦףҾ͸ø
Ѿϲ֪ʲôʱһ־˦˦ֲ˲ڵᣬү˵öԣǼС࣡
Ǹӣѹ˵
ҲǼҶ׵ġ
ʱô֪Ǹӡ
СͲãΪʲôҪϵڲס
һѾͷһһأû뵽ԼȻסˣˡ
ѾɲܣԹԵ˵ǼСճͺӶףʱձʮഺһҪʮ⳥𣿡
һ
ôһʮҲǶһǮ
ԡ
ֱˡ
һʮ
ҲһܴôǮడ
ǼûôǮүɴҪˡ
Ͱʮ򡣡Ѿһھͽһ룡
ʮ򣡡үöʮõóġ
ʮ򣡡
ʮ򣡡
ʮ򣡡
ʮ򣡡

˿үʹѾߣ˵õͺأ
麭ͺˣ
үô滹ˡ
ٶȣӦʮĵطֹͣģɴѾơ
ү˵ʮͻȻӼ۵ʮ򡱡
̫죬үҲû뵽һСѾͷһУֱӾͺ˳ɽ
ѾЦеؿ佱үˬ
ү

ĸһšӣһɴ۾˵ı鶼𾪣·û뵽үôһ㡣
ˣ
ѾЩŶ
үҲѾģӦͻᱻ׽ȥġ
ˣҡ
ү˵Цˣʮ治࣬ҪǿһǮֻҪǼСʮ꣬ˣǼС϶Ըٳʮʮ꣬Ը𣿡Ѿѯʣʮ꣬ҪȵʮſԻص
Ըƨ
һ˼
ȻūүƷ˻ڣԣһֽӣһֽ˵꣬ѾȫһѾͦص˳ȥ
ߺǺһ󰲾
Ϸó飬ٶԿ죬ĬľĽʣҪʮӶѣûУҲһ㶼ҪĲҪ
ҲЩ
浾룬˻ܵõʮӣﶼЩô£
ס
˼ЩΣգȥˡ
һڣǲģֻ˸ѣôŪҪͿռҲĵز
ˡ
ү̿ˮʮļҶСĿ
֪ںڻü
үĳһ仰ͥɾͽǹ׶ˣҪٸڵģʹ֣ҶƻöԷһƤ
ǿƣѹԽԽ
Ѿ죬ڿ쵽ԼҵҰԺʱ˸Ϲ̫ҽղĶһۣѾֿʼݣ̫ҽˣȥǼСɣѪˡ
̫ҽԼ˶ݰ
ÿõǮ˲ʹ񣬵һ̫ҽ
˭˵̫ҽܱġ
ֻҪǮλʲô˵
ΪһС￴Ĵ·߽ķ䣬ظԷյõϢ˵øأֿ˼ҩź뿪
Ȼǳ򸮡
ǰһÿҵ˶Ϸ˺˸ǰѯʶ
̫ҽȻǡʵ˵
ʲôģ屾ѪӰܴ
Ϣ²ǺܣҲܿĵ
̫ҽˡ
˽̫ҽͳţֻصãϵĸŮɹţͥüˣСǷʡ𣿡
ү
ͥɵķ̧ͷԼ๫ģһɨ²ǹϵŮҸôҲ๫ģమģүȫ

ۿһͻƴСˡ
ͥɲ
ǿ϶۵ġ
Ů鰮ϣΨһĵŮ˱ǰϣȻҲλϷ洫Եǰ㣬˵ŮҲǱĳ谮
ֻǣϲͳ谮һ£ͥɴͲһΪЩжϵˡ
ո̫ҽ˵ˣ˻Ѫˡ
㣿
ĸףҲģʵǣʵǿƲסԼûҪ˺ġ
浾Լõӣĵ¡
͵͵س˳ӣŽı
ֱͥվˣʮֵ飬İɣҲҳδĹ
˻Σ
ܸı麭ǶѾͷδһʵ
ͷ㾡һ׮¡
Ϸ˵ͷ
Ҫ𣿡
ڵϵҡ˼£̧µСͥɣĵ÷·һͻһ㡣
ȥɡ
˵ֱ꣬ͥ˳ȥΪ飬Ǻæģţ뵽谮ŮȻĲԭԹ۵ҪǮȻٸǴСЬ
ҰԺ߻˳ȥ̾ʹӴϱĳһ֣ѾͽϹĵ˹ȥԼ˳ҲץһѣѾѾͬĶһ߿ŹӣһߵŴѾǽľʳ棬ѾҲ˵ǽһԼɱķǶһڵͼӴ׵˵˳
عơ
Ѿ
һһ㣬ȲС㣡
ͣҪ񣬺ܿǾܹڵˡ


3 
Ϊʮӣȫȥ򸮵Ŀ֮ȢС㣬ҲΪ޴⳥ҸֲݣӰ麭ڼĵλǰ̣òĸʹƱ͵ϡ
ʧ޴Ҳܾô
һ̣˶֪ӺҵŮˡ
Դ˭⣬飬ͨ˼ҲԸȢһֲַŮ˽ŵģ˵ӳ߹Ƕſ
⳥ʮʲô
°Ͷ˺òã
ҵӽˮˣѾǮôӶĵز
˻ʮӣѰջǴٹһĽˮаʹĻʵۣϢ¶̰˵һͷǸδĻԼŮǶף󳼵Ů˻ܵʮʵ۵ŮôҲʮɣ
ɥطˣϾû˸˻ʼҵ¡
Ҫȥ͵
һСѾͷҪôʲôܾȥЩӻᱻҳ乫ĿܣϾү׿˵⳥Ҷġ
š
ⲻúüƻһ£Ǯĺܶࡣ
û취ҪǮĵط̫࣬ˣԺչһСѾͷôһ˲İͷ¡
ǴڻĵƱֻͥɵ־ɴѾ͵ǰ
Ǯ֣
̾ʶһ㣬룬öѾԼױҪȥţѾ߰ûмǣûǵıӻܹʮӣ󻹵ҵı뿪ǰȥһҲӦõġ
ôТ˳һˣԲ뽫ֵĶӳȥԲǣ
ڵ㣬ٺһ㡣
ڻױ̨ǰ￴ָͭӶѾƤر˺̧̿ͷ˲ӣ֡
Ѿơ
룬أ°ͣգŶ
Ѿٵ֡
úһԼҹһ£ʮŴ鲼˼Ƥһ
վӣȻһЦһڰ˵Ĺâ
ܾ˵ʲô
ţѾҽͿڡ
ѾѾͷ
ͷ϶Щӡ
ٴ컨ϲɫ
Ӻ컨ͷ
ȴһɫĳȹ̵ָɫǳ˵ߣֱӾ˺ȵˡ
վԼһʮ⡣
ͷѯĸѾߣô
Ѿ˿ǺϵĺӣһЦǺݣһͷĿĽӺʹ컨ݵؿ佱Сÿ
߳ȥעĿģ
žǮˣ

ѾѾȥøĸ͸밲
ǡ
߳ȥ߻һԼӣʲôڹģ£Щͷô죿
֪Сַˡ
С㣬Сؽһ
һЦ
µĺëô£
⸱ģȻҪȥ밲
½Ϸ˺ү
һԼСֲַʵȹȴǼٵģȥҲã֤ûѣ˾Ͳ֡
Сһ߳ԺӣǾͳ·ȥԺ֪Ϸ˺ү
ʱƱϷ˵ˣίĻ̽ͥɣܲܶٷһ㣬ͥɻû˵ر˵ѾͷҪ밲
ŵһ˱鶼һģдãȻ
Ѿͷ

ǰ챻˻
֪һ룬Ѿͷʲô
ü˼Ϸ˺ͥҲֻ뵽һģĺӰӣʲôȫûӡԭʱѾô
ǾȻкЩ궼ûмѾͷ
밲Ҫ߱˻ί
վͦһ뵽ôƱ˲ûһԼɣѾͷҲǮĹɡ
Ǻ˼ʱﵽԺվſڵӶ϶ЦգֱӾʹ˸֪󣬿û뵽ô󰡣Цˣ׼ȥһ֣ÿԼȥͿˣ
˵꣬˾˽ȥ
һҪȥ
Ϸ˵ɲСˡ
ܴڵһһ룬ӱѾͶѾ򿪣¶һŲҾ徵
~
˱ŵþг
Ϸ˿ٵزŷ飬ܵŵﲻϵšӷ𣬰ӷ𡣡
̫ˣ
һ۾Ҳ뿴ڶۣؼǽһۣԺѾԷĳªģǵһˡ

̩ͥɽţûʧֻ̬ǶԱߵĲ豭һڲ裬ûбţֻ˼ͶѾͷﶼҲڣôѾͷͳأ

˿ǣ麭õĳ࣬ΪʮˣҲҪδޣÿ۾һվ˼ֲ֣̫ˣ
浾Ҳ𾪡
ǰļȻûжٹڶãǵöԷǳӵİ
ô£
úúò飬ѵ˶Զ¶
ĸ
ֵվм䣬һ˴Ϸ˵ĸһ

Ϸ˲ͣԼϻȵߣӲͷƤ̧һο׵ĶŮϵĬǴȰĸǴȰĸȰĸ
ճ˵ʱ˿̣ӦöԷǰϸģ
̫Ϊ˼ˣɡ
ǰѪҲӦѯһɣ
Ŭؼһ˿ȰЦݣҪƿӵĳ嶯ԼģֵͥȻؿԼĸı飬ţĸ
ѾͷɺЩˣ
֪ò˵ôһ仰˶
ĸû°ɣ
Լĳƺ֪֮ɻؿԼĸһıģһͷɱɰգ۾¶ƽЦݣһĶŻһֱԷĻסˣ޾ȥţ岻ãҿԵġ
ޣ
ţ
˵
Ϸ˲Ҫӵ
Ȱźòã
ҲЩΣΪĵ̫ϣĺӻͬĵĿ⿴Ϸˡ
ϷҪ˦ˡ
Ѿͷ̫ˡ
ͥɳ˼ӵΣѾͷ岻þͻԺţȱʲôѾߺ˵˵⻰ʱҲһ䣬۽ǿһȺĿ⿴Լƽı鲻ĸǰĴȰȻҲñ
ͷԵġ
ʲôҪѾ˵ֻҪȫ㣬ֻԷӣҪǰΣθ
ף
òĹغͥɴк
ͥǳ鴤۰ŮҲùŮˣʵǶѾͷЦɱ̫󣬡˵
˵Ͻߡ


4 
ﰺͦصͥһԷ΢΢ü·ᵽʲôһİƣһЦ󣬿ʼӲŤƨɺ֫ŲС鲽Ц־ųӵĻѼӣ׵ͥɡ¸¡ҡڹȥ
Ż~
λθŻУֻû
ǿҵͥθ﷭Ϊ͢ķصĳӣʱ˿̵Ժһ飬ܲһֱӰŮȻСԺȥ
ǿסˣԺһػŸ׺ʦĽ̵УʮΪ侲ԲΪôСƹˡ
ôһ룬ӾЩſĹŮ˶ٵ۰
̧֣ӡ

Ѿﵽ˴еĿģѾװļ̵ӡ󣬱װƱĺԭⲻص˹ȥҲȱǮ㿴Ŵɡ
ոջҪһֵ˸ʾͻȻ˶ѾͷǰµĴʼױţҼȲϵĸУʲôʱǲôǮ
һ룬ⳤ࣬ҲֻżױһӵϹˡ


˲ƽˡ
ⲻ֪ҪǮҵıţʲôףʲôţڵңӲ
麭ףҲ취˵֮ҪǮҲΪ麭̫ģϲãҲõȻȥ½һ˳˵Ļʾȫһˡ
ȷ
ͷ
áͥɽӹ
Ҹոձף鲻ãҲãȥҵȪׯסһʱ䣬ɢɢģΪԼѡʥء
ԡ
ǵҺܹԵģ£Ҳ۸ˣҪ汻۸ˣİɣĿġ
ᣡ
ͥɻشúǸɴࡣ
лл
ܿģҾͰȥׯӣҪҵĻɸȥ˵һֻҪûһһʱϻġ
ô˵ǣƵģĻһܼĴ̫ࡣ
ˣסŰɣǻ߾ȫȥģ̲ס뵽ˣҲ˦Դǡ̫Ļҡȥ
һܼʱһ㡣
Ц뿪õһͣװƱĺϣͥȴûпһ㣬Լĸ״кŶ뿪Ժ
鷿ڡ
ʲô뷨
ǰ򿪵ĺӣһƱӳȴڿԼ
Ѿͷϧˡ
ͥ̾˿ƱɲãԼҹŮôɴӸɲŽΪǮȻҲ˵۸ҪĻ
׵˼ǣ
ԳɫĶӣͥɵıҪ΢Ͱôһ㣬ϸܷ֣üҵɢȥ˵
΢΢һЦɢڶţԶõ壬͢
ƽϢķ粨ܸһǮķǣڳΪ٣Ҫиý֣ǷǳҪģܸһ·ҪǻȱǮʥıǰҪ

ͥɵıûκεı仯
һ죬Ӷ˺ﶼ졣
ڶһ磬һ˯Ȼѵ𴲣һװ˽عסεûôˮɫۣɫѥӣͷȫͷһɫסһɫĳκשĲСİͭһ°ͣͭ׼𣿡
ӣ׼ˡ
ĸѾҲСˣһˮɫ̷̰ѾС˽ǰ˵ӣϲɫ
ѽôõɫĻ
Цһ֣
װ磬ȻţҲû˭ֲַ֪Ҷûг򸮰ɲĹͷ¶ˡ
ҪԺռ˵ƣԺǿǽֵӺʹõĶȥ֪
ͭϧÿγŵĻᣬΪǼʵ̫ˣ²Ŷǳ̬˵ˣҪȪׯ㲻شһ꣬ԣ˽ĳС
ѾϤĶóԣֿĸ¥˵ܾʶһ
ֻǣһ˶û뵽ǳԹϻܳԵԼϡ
ʵѾƶ͵Ǯƻ׼жȴû뵽糯ʱ˾ȻƱ͵ǰʲôûлϵӢûҵĽ죬͸˻⳥ǮӦڻϵģһͨʵۺܸˣһһе÷ǳȡ
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һ˵ӶĻȴŬؽѹͣΪǺ˻ǳزҡ
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5 
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٬Ķһʱץסת׼ҹȥҵϷһҪöԷ֪Ϊʲô졣
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ԽǰǸԱÿ˺͵Ϊ飬ʱȫ׷ϣԪԪֻۣҪ࣬ٵģϲһ˵շۣûʲôԣĶ֮̾ǰġ
еٮٮߣǽ֮쿰5Gźš
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ͦ˵ģٴλ񣬱øӹŹ֣֮еļвûг֣غš磡ŷͣȵȵĴʻҲûг֣ò
ֻǣĺǰҡŶԷļ򣬴𣬡ӣ㵽ʲôΪʲôѪ
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һвͷԼļʼЦʶĹĵطҾˣ
ĸѾͷؿԼС㷢衣
·Ժ󶼲ϴҪ쿴
С顣

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ҪˣҪˡ
УˡոҡͷѪֳˣѾͷæǰá
Ϊӵķ񲣬ĸѾͷȻСȴҲ֪СѣԼСǵı飬ǾͲΪѪСϻˣڷ֣ͺˣΪĵСѾߣѾûʲôˣҲСӵġ
ѾȥҪ֪λе顣ߡ
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С㣬ˣв
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6 
磬ͥɺһȥ鷿̵ĵճ
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̫ҽ˵ǽһȫһ没˼ĺôԱصͷûġ
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ҪǸװΣԺͲˡ
ѾѾûûСװΣıˣûС̹ǣƭ˵ǰᣬƭԼھǱԼƭˡ
죬̳Ĵ۾ﲻϵתţȻһ˹ȥ˵ڵϣ˫ֱͥɵ˫ȣСԴҲȥʮнҡţ׵ҿģТ˳ĹŮôĺңҾôһҪ㶼Ӧң
СһʼͰûֵ꣬ĵ˵ǽһ𾢡
ͥڱסһͱýӲţ׺ӵĶӺѧʱߵı׼ģвٶŮɴҲǱ⸸׵ϣȴһ㶼ûУҲĴӵļһ䵭Ŀ佱ò
ҪƤģ˶ȣɫغǳҷſ


7 
ţţҾͲţҵ׵ʹӦ˼˵⻰ʱҡεĶƵҲһЩ
Ϳϣǽֱ߱紵֦ҡҰڣ˻ͦġ
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ҡҪ̲סˡ
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š
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֪磬㣬ֵܽöԼȥ𣿡
ҡͷԴӲ׽õϢ˫ֻ׵ĴȣƣתͷѯԼҴ磬磬磬÷壬ҵԺһҪúչˣŶ˼Ҿòźãء


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ˮԺҪжߣģΪ˺ߺ˵Ҳί


8 
äصԼԺӣ̾ױ̨ǰӿһʮִûô˾Ȼʶ֣
ȫԽİģԼⷽ涯Խʱܡ
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֤õĲȷʵǺˣҵһ죬õڶ죬죬ԴƣѾˣЩֵܽõľ͸Ӳʶһ棬һҲԺͶö飬ûɣֱøܣϷˣ׵ͳǰ˵
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ӳǲõͲ˻֣ٿѾ׼ϲһײƬֹͣǰײм仭һɫȭͷҪΪԷڴТΪ״磬治ϲ⸱װ硣
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ڽˣҪ佱һõĻû˵ڣŵֱ˫ֲϵƨɣ˵һ³ĻѾǼҪ췴֪СϷϵҵƨŶܴˣǿûУ
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9 
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ӵС㣬ֱ˶Ժ󣬳һŶߵѾС˵һ䡰ܡžܳƽٶȣһ·ת˸䣬ǵȫ

ŮµЦģͥȻ麭飬ɵǳ谮ôŮοȻܣ˵һ㻹õģôˣ
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麭飬֪ˣͻоȡ룬ֲͥһ䣬ģԺһһķҾ㣬δģǼٵģδС㲻ڿʱһͱ߻
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ûоκˣվԺſڿԼҵĶŮŬڶ飬ֹǲֹģǷԸܼҸѾͷӵʳٿǰˮԺ顣
ΪֱĿ쳯õͥɣǲı򲻵ѵ϶ʹıǸѾͷߺС飬Ҳÿܵʮ͵飬ûۺͳ޵ģЩ춢Ϊץİѱ

ͥɵһᵽ˶Ůծ仰
Ϊծʼһοԡ
ϵͳ
һ飬ֻʱ䣬ԭΪܼͲˣû뵽Ȼ֡
ԣ츳ܸߣҲ͡
ôһ룬ѹˣȥʮʱ䰡һ㣬ҵͽۼǽǶһϲ˵ְ


10 
С㣬氡
˵
衣
ŤúøЦ

ĸѾͷǿ۽ˣСһһչʾĹܺ۾һαһεɵû
ŬȻΪ˸ĸѾ߿۽磬ֻǵʵѣǵı֪Чϲ𣿡
ͬʱͷڴؿԼС㡣
ϲͺá
˵ͽ߷ŽУһƯĺᣬ룬ܵҵĻ԰һһ۾ͿеʻժϣĸѾǰ˻Σÿ𣿡
ÿ
˴˵
Ǿ񿴼󣬻᲻ϲ
͸үģѾϵʧԡ
ѽƫƫصͷ
ΪʲôѽѾС㣬㲻˵ϲѾͷ𣿡
ѽҲܺȰҵĻͿˣ𣿡
ѾѾѾ
Ƕܡ
ߣţһӣɷ
ĸѾͷվԭزԼӣʮίԹС㣬ǲǲˣ
Ӵĸ󱦱ѽԴ
ѾЦķֲãȷʵûа취ᲢۣһԺŪĸһģһģòã
⻹ࡣ
˻װسңյӿڣһ͵صţݳСһǣæ³Цһϲ߹ӡ
ź𣿡
ӷġ
СʱĸѾ߶һСһһԴ¶˳ųһţһ˫˫۾ǰֵĽֵ
ΪԴ档
ƺһᣬ̧ͭͷϷӣΪʲôҪ

ôܡ
ôˣΪȽŵ˸עĿòã
˵Ƥһ˵۹ٹŹ֣ҲӰ첻ǣ֮ԿڣΪӺЩܡ
հ
һ˷ܵؿڣ𶯣˵ˡ
ٽɴһ¡
ϴδҴһ棬ֻüԷʱԶȥΣǼȣˣӣ䣬ĴѾһѣŰԺǷǸߣ۾Լߵǰ
ΪǵĴ竣ǵ˳ԳԺȺȣ֡

İ
ûʲô¡
ǴŹǷôŵʱһʮϲߵٽǰƹӣҼϣ쿪ġ

ٽܿǰµĺԼҡҷ˵ûü˵Ϳڣ˭
еŮģ
ΪʲôҪϴ
СҲţ󣬲Ц˵Ҽ˵ˣĶȴҲϡ棬ƹϲԺ͸ġ
ţ
Сүʲôû
жϡ棬ϴ󣬴򿪿
ٽЦŵͷȴûж֣ŵ⣬߰صͷ򿪡
ǡ
Сĵؽ򿪣д˵顣
󣡡
źô
Ҳûʲôϡ
Ȼô˵һһѶ˵飬Ƭ̺һʼŹ⣬׼ΧһоʧˣٻͿԼϴеĶɱ뿪ıӰȵȣϴ㲻
̫ˣôһ棡
׼ܣ
Ⱦ׷
һߣ￴ԼıӰźģ˧~Ҫˣ
ӵ˵طκӻؼңǵ˽⣬ûаʱ䣬ǲѹġ
Ůͨˣ˵ͺˣڲüڷŮ֮Ϊѣ󣬾ѾߴĻȥ԰뻭ˡ
Ȼ
ҵĻ
˿ǹͺͺ֦ɣҶɴ̣ɻȴˡ
һʾ˵շˣɫ࣬ʼһˣһԲŹժˡ
ժʱûţժǴֵûԺӣȻ򸮵˶Ȭ˵ķӶС㣬ȴ˿ġ

̲˵ġ
򸮵˭֪˵۳˷Ů֮⣬ֻĻݲݣҪˣԺ˭Ὣ
ǣ˴һȺ˷ϵҰԺ
ոջصһһ·˸ŵ￴һҲˣѾĻ֪Է˭Դʼýʲô
ĸף
ǽ˵Ļ̫ԲǸŮˡ
̣
ҲС
̫ˣ˶֪Тߵƽһ𣬴˼
Ķɹ̫ؿǰһȺˣܵЦݣãټ


11 
ʱԺȫԼ񣬽һˣˣϸζȻůůĴ˯˵׼ܺ﷢ʲô
ҲΪ˭ҲᣬüëƤСռԺѹĿռ䡣
ֻǣڵݲ벻롣
һĳƺˣİĽͥɵģҲҾ»ĸԸص檣ڷˣɻἵռͥҷ˵ŮˣȻҲϲԷĺӡ
ΪͥɣѾˡ
˭뵽ȴõôһ
ʲô˼
ٿ̬ȣн
վã
ʲôˣ
ҲǺӣ۾ˣľ棬ҽãƽϣĹȥ
⻰ֱ͸ͱһ㡣
ûڲ⣬⣬⣬ֱ޷죬޷찡
ߵѾôæıһæµԷƽͷһףȻһ˯˱šģ˵ӣЩūŵҲòᡣ

ٴαϣûһ䣬ƨͷţ
㣬ãõúܣ
ʱ£Ѿ⣬β׷ŹǰСѾͷ㣬Ժǲժģ
ﲻֻкÿͲÿôʣһƲһ仨𣿴ѾȥԱժһͲ˻һ䲻Ͷժ࣬æأҡ
˵ֱӱĿ˯
ѾȥժͲ˻ˣ
ǰͲ˻Ҳ̲סˣˣҰѶѾͷһԺӵūŶҰúýѵ
ΪɹԵף߻Ͷ
ҰԺѾؿһ̣һ̵ض㵽ŵӺ档
˵˾ЩūŶ۽磬ʲôūţ¾Ȼ㡣
Ѿͷû˵ˣ±£ţ鶼Ӷţ˵ϣʵ˵Ŀɽӵ˵ʵ۾ǵĿɽԣЩСϺǧϹͷƽˡ
ѾǶţǾֱȥץ
һ̡
໣
һӱѾƵݵķ˸ͷѪ
ūţȻҶͼı졣
һӾͱŷƸŰשһģһģһһҪȴҲ˼Ѫ·һգ۵Ĺ˴˾͵һƬֻʣһһ׵վԭأһҪβεģ㣬㣬ʲô
ңңʲôɣ㣬ʲôʱ
˵⻰ʱѪ
Ȼһô˹ȥоѾͷһ۾ͿΣΪصĶɴ䣬ǡˡһǳ࣬žͺۡ
˯
˵˻ȥ
Ѿǿһιȥˣ̧ͷ죬ˣȥɣʵûľҸŷ
İĻժˣǰߴȥҰԺ
ϢܿʹӶ
Ϸ󣬱Ͳϲû¾дʫһ䣬ѾͷŲţΪҲ֪һžͼˡ
ǣԺ֪Ϸ˵̬ȡ
浾΢Ц˵Ժ⸮ˡ

Ů˼ҵ飬κϡ
Ҷ˼ŮӵѾ׼ã͵ź
żľû뵽ﾹȻȥǶ㣬ȥæֲңֻȥſţȵٴŵһȥ
ͥɻϢٿżÿ޵Ůգֲϻʲô
ܿͱһԺӵŵô£
жѾͷȻĵط˯ţ
ͥɻƹˣ
һ󼦷ɹԺϷ˶÷ˣʵ̫ˡ
浾ϣɫҰײϿߵˣһ˿Ц⣬ʹ쵽㡣

Ҷ
ͥɺվѾϵŮվã
ף
˶ͥɣټôġ
Ȼ󣬱˴ĵЦݣߵߵܵͥǰۣ
ʲôժժˣ
һ仨˵ˣҰɣҵĻΪʲôժѵҲˣƲ죬һ䣬Ҳ˺ô


12 
ۿģ㻹ָָڲѾιһεɫǲãģʱᵹ¡
˵㣿û޳ܵˡ
ҡ
˵￴ҪңûжְЩūŷҪײʴѾǡ
Ѿ̾͵ͷûС˵
ǴͿʼͷײ
һ㡣
ūǶˣ
һˣ
ǲž˺òã
˵Ͳ˻ӳԺЩòõͲ˻ǿܷˣҪСģһϵСȻνСе˶һġ
Ҳ̲סˣһԵĲ豭ͳŶԷҹȥ

һӾʹܵͥɱ󣬡Һ£ӣ
ĸѾҲǣһԴŵͷ
죡
һˣģе裬ǿҪ˰ɣһġ
ˣ
ͥЩͷۣѾͷĸ׺úõǸ¾ȥˡ
ƫģǾЩӵĽӴŮӾͲЩȻ治֪Էֳʲô
ү
ЩЩġ
ȥһ˵꿴ȥˮԺ
в˼Բˡ
Բ˵ܣ˼ίһǽһ죬ǵǸҲǷᣬи鰡ԺĻԺ˲̫Ե򸮵ǰ԰ռ˰ɣ㿴ңԾϲͲ˻ҲֻҵԺ֣ǰ԰˭ֵľ͹֣Ͳˡ
⻰Ҫ֮⣬ҵŮһƣһѾͷãɵƯ
ʵ˵Դ˷ԺȾǰεǰ԰еĻݣԼϲģȻ˵˲ǰϲݣɲϲΪ
ȻֻŮģСҲֵýƽϡ
үҪҰҲ
˵˵⻰ʱ׼һԵײ
˶Ժ׼ײĸֶʱϤŵ𣬡ײײײײǾܹϷҵǰ԰ͺĴԺ
ĸѾͷúеŵͷҲ˵
ˣõײһӾ͹ȥˣʹġ
ͣˣŶ
ô֣϶ײ˵ġ
С㣬Ի𣿡
ΪרСѾע㲻һ
ˣ
ͻȻͲˡ
ѽ
顣
һѾǿǻҰԺʵֹѾͷһӣеҲǣ֤ݡ
ȷʵЩԻˡ
ͷոðϷ־ȥҷ飬ӷʲô
˵ıҲЩŹ֡
ܼͥҶ˵ԺǶԻʱٴȷѾͷж
ԻʱܶĽŲͣסˣһȺСѾͷĶײڸô죿
ûѰ
ôûһ˳ֹ
û취֮£ֻһ˹ȥ
װġ
û֮ǰĸɴࡣ
̫ˡ

ЩιȥȻŹڵϵ˿ûдѾôƤ֪ʱֻӲͷƤװȥȴ̲סˣ٣ú
ҵ˻֪ԷװģٽһȷʵЩˣǾԱ߿ţȥ侮ʯˡ
죡
ͥɿֵʵڲ񻰵վʲôϽ˴Ժӣ򿴿ȥ鷿
˽ѵŮΪŮӣǵŮƣʱԼ²ò˵ͦȼ֮ġ
鷿ѵ˺һӣѾͷŹǷܵصͷ
ѾͷҿǷᣡ
飬Ϊһ仨ŮȲһ仨ҿ̫ˡ
ĸ׿
ǿ϶ҰɲʲôϵҪǾúͶίȥģֲҺܹԵģֻҪңҿ϶ȥġ
ǿʶ
ͥԺðôĸ֣Ҳ£һᾡ찲ˮԺԺúѧϰ֪𣿡

̾͵ͷ


13 
ҲȤ
ٽܴǰССߣӶǺɫ̲ͣסͿʼ˼
Ǳ
ǰΪʵ۵ʲôöû
ôϡȴǵһο
˭ģ
ʲôĿģ
ȵٻʱѾı˺þã󣬱¶΢Цݣ;һԵ
ôʲôҲһ֣ͻˡ
ǲ֪Щϴǰʮϵضϣ˯ܺᣬõϴûͽ硣
ڶ죬ͥɰһϳûʲô£վڿǰλĬĬһȥͻʵ˵ԼҹŮˮԺ飬ͻȻĶ䶯˶΢΢ͷ鼤ʷ׽ҪϢӵϣ˼̤ļƷ˷ѳ񫣬ݳ޳ɷֱӱˡ
ҷ˱ժǶɣ
ôΪʷбҵСӵˣ
Щ²⡣
ŭͷȴһƬ壬侲侲
侲黹ǰռƻ˳ȥһʵۣڵŮ϶ϱǷġ
ʵۣ
ûмװġ
Сװģͷؼ
Ҫ֪Լ֪ͥɵĶѾͷǸӣǳֺܲʱʱ裬˭뵽ȫǼٵġ
ԣ
̫ҽ
һѯʡ
Ȼ룬̫ҽˡ
̫ɶˡ
۾ԲܷŹ
ͥһԣػϣҲ˵ҥȫǼٵģţĶȷʵЩڲͬˮԺȷʵǽ˵ĺõطȥһӵӡ
ڸʵ۴Ԥ롣
һѾͷԺﴳ˻Ҳһ·
ȻĿĲֹһΪʲôôܻʵӣҪС¶ŶԷܺõĻġ
˳ܿһ̫ҽŮǮɲô׬ġ
ˣСһ׮޻֪ͨԺˡʵۿڼʮӵķϣʮִ󷽵ؿڣ˵ЩСԼУȴܳһС
ӣΪ⣬лʼҹ
ȵͥһߣʵ̾ȥ̫ҽൽԼǰͣôĵӣ
ʱ̫ҽЦһӲؽҶ׬ǮȫʵۣЦеһ£󳬳Ԥϣ⣬䣬ԺĲˣ֪ô˰ɣ
΢֪
ƭǮϽɣҪҪϣҪʵ۵˼
ˣ
ˡ
鷿ڣ˵Ƕ仨ȥͥɺһϸľ
鲻Ѿȥ𣿡
ʷϣѳϵ˵һ飬һĲ˼飬ĸʷԱû¸ɰɣժҵĻ˵ӴϣéҲ޹ذ
ļҵģ
뵽ͥǶ̲ס鴤ڷ˵׵ʷôϲҲʷӰ졣
ԣ
ָéһҼҿ˵ڵ𣿡ѾʶŮܰս̵ŮķţôʱҪġ
Ҳ

Ͳ
ʯ

ɹĳͥЩԸ䣬ѾͷѾߺǴһţ׷㽫򸮶ܱˣѧвԷŲòͣġ
ͥɿûҲû飬ֱӴ£ǰ۵ĳӡӣһ˵Ҹ㣬ҹϽ㰲ŽˮԺȥúõظѧϰҪǸ£ҳ㡣
ڲϵشĵ̾¶õЦݣȵ־ҵ׵Ҿ֪ˡ
ͥɿĵЦݣ·ոհ˲һ㣬̲סٴθ̾Ů󣬵ɸĶŮʱ¶Цɡ
ڣ￪ѧһ졣
ϵɫѧ˵ˮԺѧװŮͬԶеѧһ뵽ͬ·Լںһ·žŵҡԴȥˣȻѪҪˡ
ÿ
Դͷðӹ̶ĸ߷٣ؿԼ
С㣬óˡ
š
ͷŽȥĴѾʮ˵ѾȥҪúѧã֪𣿡
˳ҵдˡ

ǡ
Ѿͷ
ΪһѧĹСſڵΪ浾һ·ϸԺĸֹأýζرǹԼġ
쵽˵ʱһ䣬㣬ǲǲ̫ðǳòɺٽܱ̫Զˡ


14 
ˮԺǴõѧУ˿ڶķУռ˳ʹ⻷õĵضξɼλֱԵĶԣнɵĹԱԺͶÿƾٿǰʮԺռʮ࣬ԺҪѧʶԨǻ۳Ⱥϵգڴ¡
ŮӽԺһԺľеļѺӲ˵ġ
վŬĳɹ¶ɢõĹâ浾ûס˵㣬ѧô𣿡
㣬㲻
صҡҡͷ뵽ղűˣ֣̾˻ֹҿˣ㣬ǲǺŰ㣬ûóԵģôûʲôⰡ
ͬ⻰˿Լҵ׽ٿõģ󲻺֪ĶúԼҷ绪Ĵûгĺӣ߰ɡ
ԹԵظ˺档
ˮԺֵͷʥ˭ʥǰͽ߽Ժ
·ܿұˮǰɫΧǽ滭ʥ˹£ԼҴСضѧ˵ҲѹӽͷŴԼһҵ·̣̣Ҳ߲˶á
ѧĿģǾǽӽľա
ظ˱֤ԹԹԵģ¡
ֻϧ޴ڡ
ûſڣ۾һСӴǸԼҵ񣬽գһͺżˡ
Һ˵Ժǵ֮һٽܣգģͷһһоӨĹ¡
ѧӷÿˡ
ѧѧӷһ˿ϵɿģʱҪһ㣬ҪĵǼֱҪ̫á
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ֵܽã
һĺװʶã㣩
ٽܺܿ;쵽ǵȵߣ׼ͷ鿴ӭһȭͷ˹һжһžͽ߿
~
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κһԺкѧͲѧˮԺҲ⣬ϾԺҲҪάָĹϵˣרΪǮƲѧϰĺӿһ༶֮ǰ˵Ĳǵ棬˵ѧ༶ġ
~
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竣
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ӵô˹ˣ
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еġ
ȻԺ˶Ǹ༶ߣǲ£ţܣȥҵ
ѰĻ竴ܣǲκϽȥģɽ첻һãճȥ׼æԼֵ̾סȻ󣬻ĽҲ֪˭ȶ֣ˡ
Ժѧ˭ûм֪ͬѣҲȰܲɷᣬ˻һߣӾͼȥ
ǣȺܵԽԽֵ࣬
ΪʼߣٽԼ鷴վһԿ𣬡û뵽ЩѧҲܡ

̾ǷĵģͲѧǲͬѧ϶˫ȫǾʡ
ôģĴȺܣԺܿյϢһȺ涼ûãǸȫűһһֿͦ˳ģһСѡ
ſ
ţҽҪ˹ֵƤ˵꣬ͳ˱ѹŴһͷ
ӣ~
̶̵Ĳһӵʱ䣬ܵ˲˵Ź


15 
ӳ˼ͥɵľṳ̂ʵѶѾͷųȥû뷨ʱʱسԺŴŮʹӶܳȿףַ
ֱŶӼҴҵܹĻˢһ¾ͺˣͷϵð
СС⣬õѾͷԺŶûͿʼܡ
ʰǲˣ
ߣǰԺڴɨϺһѶԷɨ㣬ľڵ߳
ں̿ˮڵӺÿ¡
Ⱥܵ鵽׻ǾԺԺһλʮ꣬ö࣬Կߴ󣬺ͷд󲿷Ѿ׵׺ˣһһɨվһŲܵѧӣΨŮѧͣá
£ֱӹһˮ΢ص˵˵˵ɣΪʲôܣ
һŵѧ˭Ҳûж
˵
ԺɨһʹѾ
ǴǧС֪һͷѶüˣٿһ飬һ飬ЩطˣͿԭģǰճ˵˭ҹﱻͿ˹ȥƫƫλվñֱƱšû׺ݷ·ûһ㡣
Ҳ֪˵ǿأǲҪƤ
΢ƫͷѯԱߵ˭ҵģ
Ҳ°
⸱ģ׵Ҳϲɣ룬ʵʵ˵
ԺĬ
һ˿ŵʹѾվСվ̧ż仹˳˼񳤵úÿĳ˹һš
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̫ˣĵˣԣҾݣֱ׳˵
вɣ
̫ǿˣСܲ˷
˵һ飡Ѿİ˵ȻԷ˵ʵӣ˲׼˵ɴĹۿһĹǲ֣ûʣҼӴΪã˳󲻿£֪Ŷˣ
Ѿӣ𾪣Ǹˣ
ôˣ
СԼӣ˼Ӱ죬Ͳ˾͵һȣС˵ˣֻһݹнˮܸߣܺã԰סϵĺù
㣬㡣
˭˰̫ˡ
˵Ժ˭𾪰
òȡˡԺͬ˵
Ҳܳ񡣡
ط
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16 
ո߽ԺͿԼҶӵĴһӾͺˣû˵ѵ⣬һ
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ҺôҺã͸ԲĽˡ
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һҪûܵԺקţͥǺسһ١
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ΪȶֵʹѾԺ˿ûн棬ֱӷǴɨһܵĲʹѾ벻ɣŲƽ
ԺˣԺ˵㣬ҪǲúøɣǾ뿪Ժ
˵ļֱӾͿ
ѧٴγָ̾ɨϺصĳͷˣԴԺŮѧʼǻǵһͷŮѧֿˡ


17 
һʱĴ쳹Ժ
ȴ˿⣬һŲҩǺȦȦڽԼİ༶λüֱ΢΢ƫͷǰûκεܿõĲںڵͷ޳ĲӣÿĶ䣬ֱǼһ֪ͷǳʡ
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ŵϴ󣬴˸磬̫磬ǴܰģۣҲͷֱϣģߣ۾ԽԽС˯
Ϊѧ竵İ༶ôεģ˶Ǹġ
ٽһĸҲС̸ţϴ󣬸ոǷһֱڿ㡣
Ŀ⣬϶ǰĽ㡣
ϴôġ
ٽܣġ
𣿡
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ѾŬѧϰߵΣµУ԰䣬İҸըȻ죬СЦٺٺٺ١
ͷӶͲ㰲ĽңʱΪЩЦ
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ԱߵѧĬĬԶ
һ߿һ߳Էڼ䣬ԺǸͷӳ֣ǳ극ȥɨ
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˻ǽķ˳ԵһɶȻõѧУķ˲óԣ㣬Щŵ˱Ŷʧ
С㣬Ҫȥɨ𣿡ѾüԺĲԺӵĲֱرСȥһΣûѬιȥС㻹˵ؼҺҪϰ̫еˣҲɨ
ǾͲɨ
˵꣬ʳԼҴ󣬡ߡ
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߹Ҳ뷨ܣŲȥɨء
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Цݲõشк
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Ժǵѧѣṩѵס޺ͳʳ
ɾǵǺ׾ݣڹѧڣĸ˾ʳðæʰ꣬ɨ
ʹѾôֵվǰ
ĸҳ
ͷһߴ˶ΪǺ˲Ժܹҫֻ֣Լʲôǣκһ˶ǵͷϡ
ڣĹҪҲ޷ܾ
׼ߵʱվɫƵĸӣʲô


18 
￴һҲλûᣬڹѧѧ˵ߡ
߸ո̧š
׼ߣһλ¹󣬡㻹ҪҪôż˰һҾĸӦù𣿡
λѧӵͷû˿üǴʱı顣
¹ĻǲѺãǾǼ裬ϾԷͲûָű˵ŵˣŮûܵ˵ġ
ȻʹѾԼǰָָԼЦݺ˵СãûУǲǰģ㻹ңò˵㵨ӲСûвŮ˵Ĺء
һ̣ͱ׺ѾץסҾ͸ϴϴ͡
䣬Ѿͳ˹ȥзģһĹȥѪˡ
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19 
һǧƱҲǧ

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Ѿصͷ
浾һʱҲ˵ʲô
ڶȻѾһؼˣҲˣΪʲôҪҷԲǱֵ֮ܽеķʽװĽǣ¿ɲͷֺŶ̫ˡ


20 
ǰĶŮϷķ͵ڵϣ΢΢ſϵĴüĿȡԺͻصһ仰ҵĶѾͷѧһʹܣܣ
̣ɰ㣬óϽǵ̻
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һοͷԣǶܺ棬һ£Լƶòˡ
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ʷǣ
á
һ֪һЧҲûУʵɺܿͥɡ

ʵ۵Ļһת
ʷԼͥɵֽĸ
䰡㻹ҪúùܽһҹŮģɨͻһ̫ܼˡȻʵûƤҪһҲҪֻһرֳԼǮ
Ĵ󳼣
˵
ôˣʵۺܰǮԹעʵӦֵ


21 
ѧĵڶ죬ȥԺǶѾ,ŴѾ·ڼſõʱͱˡ
ԼѾߣ˭ʹ˭
ѾԱһЦ
Ժֻһǰд֣˵ʣ㵱Ժʲôط
ѧϰĵط
һԺɵˡı˵ѾȥͽԺѧȫ̸ԺѾߣѾ̫ˣ컻Ѿʦ˵ǲǺܰ
ѾЦϵظлԺллû뵽һ쾹ȻҲ顣
ʹѾﲻͬѾֻ˵ͨټϺЦݣܸһֺܺ۸ӡ
Ժ
˵ʲô
ˡ
ˡ
ȻصԼԺԺ󣬲뵽Ծȥûʵʵشְ
Ѿض顣
ںؿ
øƽֱ緹ʱ˸ٽˣŲԶľ룬Ƶȥʳõ·ϣһͷɢǱ˹˳ղŵסǵȥ·
ߺˣ
ͶѾͬʱĿǰߴһȡ
һӾѿ
ӴӣҲڰ
ѧӴ߳ЦøӵĲãȻ̧žֺݺݵһţôܾ𣿻㿴ңһɨɨҸһĸͷԸ⣿ʲô˼
û
ΨһΪ
һ°ͣͷѾգ۾Ϣһһ׬׬
Ѿ΢΢һЦ˼ԡ
ܺãѾߣһȥж
Ѿ̵ǰֽȻ󣬶ɢͯһȺԴŭ˵Ǯ˲𰡣ôôˡ
Ա߿ţһУ԰ż糡Ӱͳһѹӣʼ
ûҵ㡣
һצ˹
ͷһο͸ųգվǰٴγ֡
Ŀ⣬ٽһӾԷ˭ˣû취ǰΨһһѪˣӡʵ̫ˡ
Ҳˡ
ϵȤŨմ˵۸Ѿߡ

ץһѹӷŵյǿŤͷãȺֵš
ôӣҲҪ𣿡
ܰ
ͷԺͲΪˡ
ҡͷСʳգС°˭Ǯ𣿡
ҪûǮǾˡ
С£
ǽԼ
ҪտӣţȷʵͦģүүǴ׸Сùǹܰɡ
˵ǰһ䣬
ͷԣô˵ҲҵĶݵλ϶ƽСܱȵģһһңûһǲɵġе˵
С㣬Ϊλˣôóһ
Ѿһƽģ
Ѿͷ˵˭òһأСүʶʶС㲻ԸģҲУһΣвǲͷԷᵽ飬ЩˣһҲǮͬʱҲ飬ᱻġ
˵ҲﲻͷԼǮ
оģţѾͷžͺ۸еǮһӣҲǸͷˣǣ飬̫ˣ
ѾԼҹԷ΢΢˵
˵㻰
ǵȻҲСү˭
һ룬Ѿתͷ˵Ǹɵӣô׬Ǯ׬㲻ɵҲֲռˡ
˵⻰ʱ򣬻һģ
Сĵؿһۣһ㶼ñˡ
ҼС׽ˣˡ
˵꣬תǸɴĹеǰͷ֮ǰ˵С㣬Ű©ˡ
ġ
Χ۵Ĵ竣

һˣ
ԼԵԺˣ
ͿͷˣأΪʲôϻЦó
ΪʲôҪŰ!
Ѿһ
ʹһ
ǰ,֪ΪʲôҪˣ˼Ҹûֻһ
Ѿͷܱ׼ú
ʱعȥ
ͷſʼ˺ӡףʼѪûͣ
ڲϵʮʮʮһ١
ιˡ
ЩȥˣôʵһѾͷͷˣڿģ
һۡ
Ѿͣһ¡
ҪС㣬һܼ׬ǮԩͷҿһӲһΣŬһΣҾֱӳɸˣȻιȥ˼ǵø򰡣ѾһŵѪھܾȻġ

ӣͻȻøñͬǴʱվڷѾɵ˵С


22 
ȷʵѾɵˡ
û˸ܿôͷ
ôѪ
ǼҾ׸ɼҲСĿοƽ׵ظһѾͷѾԤϵ֪һ϶ܲ˵ġ
ովѿ˶һ㡣
ԣ˺ü
Ȼ뷨ĳ֮ҲˣǽѾĽòҪҪģū˵ͷƨ
Խ棬ѾٶȾԽͣһʮϣɫףͷѾˣ۾ȴǷǳ˷ܣС㣬ˣҡ
ｫûпĹ߹ȥѾԼļϣЦеؿŶУҪҿһһҲҲܿһٶ
ҡͷ

һһһٶǶǮһʱ䶼Щ㲻塣
ÿ£
үܻԸҲǮġ
أԺҲñ˸ͷˡ
۵֣Ǯ
ûôࡣ
࣬Сؿڡ
жٸ٣дǷ
Σ
ϵ㻨Ǯʵ٣࣬սԼİϢдʮһĶ٣֪
еͷ
ȵȷǷûֱӳԺǰһԼ
ǵıӰԺѧһʶˣǸˣߵͬ򵥣ԱףԼҲݡ
ԺԺ
ͽޣΪʦͽԵĲϡ
ȻҲò̾Ǹʲô
ԺһڣĻԽԽĲ£׾Ȼٵ絽ô̺ܽӵģôĲ°ôŵʱӱ򿪣׼ڽѵˣͿѾѪģɫף⣬ôˣ
ȻظѾҪ򡣡
á
˵ͷһɵ˵ǻ£

ʲôЩӦֱƱǰ㣬㣬ʲô˼
𣿡
һѾȥЩȣҲƮﻹһ˵Ѿ˵ôأ϶ҪȿڴϾģ£˵ɡ
ǣһȺֻص򸮡
ʲô
ϷѾ֪˵ʲôˡ
ˮԺѧϰĵطΪʲôѾͷÿȥŪ˺ۣ룬һǸʱȥͷһ𣬿ֿƲסҪ֪ѾͷԺﵽʲô飬Բÿƽ޲Ūʵ̫ģҲ̫ˡ
Ȼ󣬶Ѿͷһ£ʱϿˡ
š
ֻǹŮѡ
ȥҰԺ·ϣһֱ裬ҪԼزҪʧ̬Ҫ̫̫Ӻϡ
Ȼ
ǱŴ͡
̫ҽտʼҲһôЩˣһȺŹֵѾͷһ𣬶ٶЩģǰһûʲô󰭣Ƥˣһ˵һ߸ҩ˿ڡ
ͬʱҪԡ
Ϸˣˣ̫ҽ
໣
Ѿʹýг̫ҽ㡣
ȻͶ̫ҽĽʵĿ⣬ԣôһˣٶӣ
Ѿ죬ʮָˣǰҵá
ѾѾѾĽÿˮˡ
Ϸ˺Ͷڻأ
ҿľӪô꣬ҲܻûжѾѾͷһ׬ö࣬˭ܵ˰
ѽ
ѾǶѾߣǮǲǣŷǿҵ̰âҲҪ
ˡ
Цݲõ˵̣ǶѾѪǮǺ˼𣿡
ѪǮ˼
̫ҽѾ²ˡ
㲻ҪϷûзϣԼŮ
ҲȱǮ
룬һ䣬ԺѾߣ˱߻˶͸ˡ
ԡ
⣬ôǮǶѾһ˵ġ
⣬Щ
̫̫ؿڼ̫ҽһȥûιȥֻǣ˶ɢԹͳԼһȥҪȥ
еҪͷһ
̫ѹˡ
ݺõϢģ
ͥɣ
Ժˣ
ϢͨĴٹˣ
ﰮǮĻʵۣ
鷿ŬϽסеëʣôҲû뵽֮죬ϻ˵ܼңת˼ҿѾ߿ͷ׬ٶȻ۾һһȽ´ų򿪡
Ǯࡣ
Ǯǻʵ۵̫࣬Ȼʵ۴ʮ꣬һ·˵ǻʵε֮һţǮ־ͿԿó


23 
ʵ۽ض̫ܹܣĿƣ˵ŮҵѾ߸ܰɵֶͷһΪʵ۵̫࣬µλߵūţȥܰɿһͷҪһ򲻹ְɣ
ǮһӲߣССģƤܰףͻĿ¾ϵһ˫ۣЦʱЦʱˣ̫ܹܵλã˫۾ŲСĹ͡
ʱǮǳ鴤ûǴĻ»ҹûô˷ܹɡ
һͷһ㰡
ͻȻЩѹΪʲô֮ǰûܰɵֶ

˰
ūھȥġ
ţǮѾˣ֮ǰûϣھԲܴºǮҪϣҲĸԸ˭ЩΪʵļ̵ȥûȥͷ׬Ǯ
ūȡһʮ߸
ʵ͵Ŀ⿴Լܹܣҡͷȥ֮ȽԺ﷢ܰɣȻ󣬾˵һͷһ˵ģܰɿɱֶ߹ȿʮõһǧ˵ȱӵʱȥ
ҪЩ
ġ
ǣܲһӾͽܰҸƲˣŵ㣬ӴԺ׸׬Ǯؽĺɰ;Ҹˡ
Ӣ
ǮԵؿ佱Ȼӱģȥ
ʵ֧°˼ţţЩ˰ÿֳܸ׬ǮôҲʲôŬ
ǮǾԲܵġ
뵽ӵҪһ֡
ܰɣ򻨰㽿С崿ϴ𾪺ãȻʲôһͷһ
ô
ʲô
ǮŲ²£ؿͷһ䡰ﲻûʧĻתߡ
һӺ˽ǰܰɡۡһ˳
òҰ
Ů˵ʼǣ
̾˻ȥԼңΪǮѾ߻ħˣǧҪҵᣬԻᱻһƤ
ȻȻĴٹֱʵ۵Ĳˣ
֪ʵ۰ǮҲ
ϸһ룬Ҳûʲô⡣
׸ңողžȵؼҾҪݺݳһٵһȺɫףֱӾûεҪεĶˣ⵹ùӣȥһʲô
İճԹϳԵöЩˣȻĽĿˮҲҪɺˡ
˭Ҳû뵽ʵ۾Ȼʹһ֡
ʱãڼҵ˶ĵģŸİ˸֣ʵ۵鷨Ǿûģɡе˼ҡʲô
ҳѾ֮⣬˵Щȡ
ʲôеаֵĻ˼ң
ԼҲΥĵ˵䡱԰
ƫƫʮţЦݲõشǰ˸֣ûȫͦø߸ߵģŴЦݣؿڣѾ㿴ûǻ۹⣬ҵ㡣
û
ѾͷСôô

￪ĵشЦȻѾļ򣬡͵͵
ô˵һΡ롱Ц۾˶ܿóţĺܿġ
Ȼ˰ּǮ඼һ
߿ͷ⴫ּĲ£˵еӣȻ鴫
꣬ſʵǮΪʲôҪʹҰ
ˣ
ʲô֪ոջôã
ȵǮıصͷɧǾͬ˰
˵ʹİͳһƱûͽǮһ㶼ӵֻצס֣˵Ǯͬ־꼴Եһ;УԤУԺһܳΪʮҪõѣЩǮţǲȱʲôֱ˵һҸ׼

ġ
ǮЩмܲסɸ˫ֵȶȣûһɸжȳ򸮣ʼƱ¸ոտͷĵһǧǱǰʮСǮסˣţˡ
ڣǰŻʵ۵Ǹ֣˵ǰһһιﻹϵ߶ţǿ۾˵ľҡ
ǵı˶Ҫ
ˣ
ڱεͥûסһȣŶѾͷɲҲ̶õܲ㣬΢е
ǲǼʣ
һӾʹܵͥǰյԷǰüŪ۵˵û㣬ܣ
Ҽʣܣܺá
ͥһ̧ͷ͸˶Էһϱʹ΢ƽϢŭ𣬡û´ĻӦȥǸġ


24 
ͥ⻰ｫֵݸѾ۾ŶԷƬ̣ص̾һ
֣Ѿһӹһƨͥ£һ˵ҾӦ̸̸
˵ͥɿеģŮͷǸȥ
ʩ㶮𣿡
ͥɿʾ
ҪȥǸΪʲôȥ
ͥۡ
˵ˣĻ˭涨׵ͲܴŮˣʲôҪƽί
һԵͷ
Ҫǲ˭ȥǸͥһԴԴǵףУ׵ϳֱһʱһ˵ҲŮ˵ǲǸúúõؽѵһ
˵ͷ
ã
ٺ١ЦһӾͱƣô˵û˼ˣһǸӣȥ˭ҵĺûܣˣôһֱȥأ
Ѿͷ׵㡣ͥ΢΢һЦֱӽҩˮͿĹŮҲġ
ֱӾֱͦţ˵ǵȻҾ˵Ķһ޶Ůܽɡ
˵Ļ
ˡ
ġ
ˡ
ҪҲõϵ˺˵
ͥɻȻߡ
ȥĶ
׵ԴȥǸ
Բȥ𣿡Ҫţʵɣȫһ˵Ĵ
ͥɲ˵΢Цؿ
̧ͷ߶ӣûһЭȥȥҪ̫ҽñˡ
̫ҽ
ôôùʶӡ
ȥǸϣͥûסʵѾͷԺӵ˶
š
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ٶӣһĲá
ѽ
ͥ룬һ䣬Ѿͷжӣ
ؿȻֵõһԹϱʲô񣿡
ٺ٣
˵ȥ磬˵һ䣬ô˵ɣⱲûûǮζˡ
ͥɣ
ܿǾ͵˵һĵط

ûǶ֮¡ңĨĹ˫̥ã塣֮ǰ֮鷳ҲΪԼҸΡİĽߡ
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ĳеȫһ֮¡Цеؽȥһ·˵Լ޷Ů˵ЩĨá
ͥأ
ҲʶȤ˵ԼҹŮĲ֮˵ط˻Ǻгغ˲
褵Ժ˫ڲ϶µ褵ɴ۾ǰãֱӾͽ˳壬ǲǷˣȻȥȢӣ㻹𣿡
У̫ˣܲˣҪشɻ
תͱסˣ磬żʲôҰѻ˵𣿡
˵
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æչȥһʱܰɣ
˵أ
ܣĶˣ뵽컹һʱ˵ӦԺ󻹻ʱ䣬ûˡ
Ϲȳˣûʲô˵
ɵ˵ˣҪȢӾͲˡ
Ҳ
Լû֣˵ûʼôɴࡣ
Ҫһ㣬磬ûӳϱʱ򲻾ʲô͵øʲô𣿡Це˵޴ӷ˲ˮԶȥ鲻õʱܹһ٣ҪǸҷ
ǻ棬˺۵İ¶˳Цݣ붼÷ǳ
µȻҲԼĿģֻҪӼ޵ңʱԺ˵㣬ߣһҪ춼Ĩ
Ż
ˡ
ĳͷɣһᵽĨ£ҪԼϴˮ
š
ⲻ
磬˵ö𣿡
ﻹôһ˿˿ԥ᲻̫ˣ
ô͹ˡһЦ˵ӵ˭ԸȢ޵ǼȻܵҲҵģܱȵһӵϹðɣ
һͬ
Ҫܼ޳ȥ̫߳
У磬˵󡣡¼ӻ𣬱ΪӾͲòˣò˵¡
Ȼһ̵̣ͷҧгݵ˵ȢҪȢĥ
ȵ󣬻Ҫÿ춼ٱӢſݲ⡣

뵽úÿ˵ĳãȥס


25 
ȥǰ·˼ƻ˵ʣһʧŶ־֡
ӼΪӣ죬褵С۾ʱбŵģЦݣСӣŰ~
褣
֮¡ѹŭŨŨľ棬ڷʲô˶к
תͷֳЦݣͥ˵˼£⺢ӱҹ߻ˣҲ֪ʲôʱܶ¡
ͥȻܸŷϣαرԼޣǳˮƽؿű˵ļҵĺӡ

ͥͦ׵ģһϵؿ˼и׳ʵãТ˳ѵõĳ֮ġ
ڶԼǲ֡
Ҳֻ˵Է۹⣬һ۾ͷŵ㡣
ֱöҪǷʱ̲סˣ˵Ķԣ裬һ̣ͱԼһѣʶ˵ˣ̾͸Ŀڣǲò˫ȫҺĽ֮ǰ˵ҪȥԸȢġ
Ļո¡
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¸¸~
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һȻı飬Ȼ֪ԸȢ˷ˣ
ͥһۿ˵˼ͻȻͲˣ˽⣬ҿ϶ѾͷЦԭԺȫһġ
š
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Цˣ˲۽ǵˮ̯ϣӴЦˣѾӡ
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Ц
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ӾһԴͷѾǶСʲôôǿЦģҾ棡һֱ֪Լޱߣȴû뵽Ȼܴһپ˰ҰҲȢĵزүΪҪ֮
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Ѿϵ׹ŮѰ·ͥЩ̲סθҪ΢Ҫվӿϵҩˮ
˾Ͳһˡ
һŵġԼ¡
˶ˣʲôаȢĵز

ãߺӶϣֻԷһЦֶնΨһŵ۹ⲻ
ⲻ԰
еĲһ
ԡ
˭ֶն
˭ܽòֱӾըˡ
أֶնһܰݵģ˵ģҶ԰Ľ߶ǺܿݵģȻ㳤ֳִ֣ҵĽָ׶䲻ϣǣһҪıһ𰸵ģԲҲϲ㣬ܼ޸㣡
֮¡졣
ٴθо裬ΪԸȢԷӦøжµؼˣҪ֪һΣľһӶ޲ˡ
ԸһӵϹҲԸ޸
褽ܲˡ
ܲ˵壬ԷǲӦôĥӣˡ
ú
صͷ
Ҵ򣡡߳ŭսȭͷҧгݵ˵
ҡͷȫǰݣ˵ᣬֶնûõģ֪ǹҵעȻ뷨ܺãһǵø㣬ûõġ
ǰ˶ŵʺš

ûУ褴һ
ããûСһܺ˵ӣ֪ûз֮ҲҪҵֶΣͲϲңңȢҾҪ۸ңĥҡҶҶ
Щ飬ָоЩŹ֣Է˵ĶʵôоܲԾ
Ҳ˵ˡ
֮¡ԼҶӵıԣֿܣе㲻ҿͥɵı顣
˶Ĭǰʮְ

￴̫ҽ˼ҸĲо𣿡


26 
ϷԵ̫ҽͻȻűʮַḻֶһãȻ

ʲô
üͷһʾ¡

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Ѿͷ̾ᡣ
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С㣬
Ѿ۾褷⣬ǰҽһ£ڵһģһṫƽ￴ֱͦһ챻ٷ˰ˣ찤ܾĥǸĶ޲ŪǽٷˣǹӾȻǸٷˣһֱΪģϾ˭ôϲĥԼˡ
֮¡Щ
ˣǺ
ˡ
ЦһѾ֮ǰ͸˵ˣⲻǷһֲϲĥԽǴͻԽԷ̫ҽȥӿزأܲΣ
̫ҽ
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һ̣Ϳֱ˸ֳ°ͣźӣҽЦߵǰӣɷ
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Կ϶ԼҹŮ̫ҽ˽ס
ҹҶ˵ûһ̫ҽһ̣;ˡ
Ϊʲôûô̫ҽȴˡһˤ˵ϡ
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˵֡
ӣٺ˵˵Ҿʹ㡣Դֻʣһ˿˿ˣȫ֪ôͱˣӣôܣ
ôвˣ
Ĺֲ

̫ҽͻȻ̾վ񣬡үӿ»˹֢ԽףʵϾԽע⣬Էŭ𣬺ôﵽڱһٵĲ󡣡
ͥɾ뵽һʣǱΪ飬ͬؿ٣Ѿ˼Сӡ
ʲô˻Ǹܲ
ȴ㡣
˵ȭͷͳ̫ҽȥ
鷢չ̫죬֮¡Ҫֹ̫ҽŵĿǻϣס֣
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ӣҽ첻ŹġӴѾʧȥǵ褿νþȫڴܡ
̫ҽԱ𣺡ү㿴ǲرĸˣȵþһ̰ǰĻӦ
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27 
ΪܳһεȻĹעһΧķĬĬĨᣬСѯʣѪԵĵˡ
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誳һ˿⣬ǵһΣҲΨһһΣҲϣĻˣҲһ˵褵Դİɡ
жˮȣΪҥԵһλǣ˿Ӱ죬ԼѾ߿ĵȥȥ
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۰
ǹװżʵеİͼƬƵһվĲǹҲôͲӵһȻĲ
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ӣȵң
Ѿ׷ȥ
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28 
һ·񱼵˵СһŴȰϸϵؿԴҲˡ
ѾһϽܹȥսһͱԴײ˫ָأ
Ѿо飬ĬĬؿ֣˾ˡ
߶ãͣת˽˴ѾĻۣѾģѹ~
Ѿ
ֱԼС㣬˫ʵ棬̧ͷ죬ǶƮİ״ΪʲôôڳЦǡ
أҵĺ۰ҶԲ㣬Ǹ쵰
ứһȾʪ˴Ѿǰ·
Ҳ֪˶ãֻôӸֿͣۿģһһģÿöʶͷӹ̶ķѾᵽұߵĶ䣬ټϷ۵ϻδȥģ˿ʮֵĿ
Ѿ־˹ȥ
ۣۣۡ
ӹʼ飬Ǿʹúܴüë·˶ͨһ㣬µؽ־۵˵ѾҾˣҪΪǵԺؽéޡ
Ѿ۾һСӢ
ϰԼСԺĲÿԺéޣǽһĥ룬̫ζˣ¡
СǼĹԽԽˡ
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ôһ룬һЦٺ٣ѾҽʶʵԺߵġ
ŻϵĹϵԺԺʦ׵Ĺϵ
˼ѧԺµԺһ硣
С㣬Ѿˡ
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ߣߣȥϿοݵʱǵĿɽȥ
ֺǺǵŴѾߣߣеģҵҲС
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ⷽտ϶ȲϢըʱһ

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ͷʾ֪ˣֽݸͬ顣
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ΨΪϴٽܵĹע㲻һһ۾ͿּǸ͸˵һģһġ
뵽ǶѾȷӲ򵥡
ΪʲôҪ
ʲôĿġ
ŵһμѪڶΣü˶ûн֮ǰԺſһȺܺϵһ𣬿ǣȴȶ֣ÿ춼ֺǺǵضԼѾˣǾЩס
ΪˣûмΪ鰮һеŮӣ̫񰡣
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Ժʮ϶ϣǰЦݲõС
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ģһѾ
£һ˽ԺѾƺԼȫ¸ëľ˵˳˻õһѵķ⣬һ˿˿α˷ѿˮ
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ЦصݹȥһƵдѧȥɡ
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в
ûš
΢ЦԷһһ
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ллԺѣ
ȻԺͷֶԷֶˣܶĲСģֻܶԺʲôС
ҿǷᣡԺĽߡ
ｫ۵˳ȥɣʦϷģǺ顣
˵
ԣԺ㡣
ֻô˵Ȼأѵʵʵ˵ԺȥμҵĲ
пܻᱻģ


29 

ܷ
Ժûôһʱһ鶼ûиɳɣΪиĵ
̧۵ɹȥԷ¶ɵЦݳգ۾żҡ
װԵʱĹԣҲĺǷᡣ
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ллԺ
￪ĵ˵ұ֤Բڵġ
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Ҿ֪һֱӦ᲻кеҡ
ٺ١ɵЦ
ȻС
˵˵ɡ
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ʵķ죬ҲֱӣֻЩˣΪһôˣʹѾǾӲһٴġ
ԺЦˣУҲʣҵҪʲôĿģ˵ĺ²⣬Ҳ㣬ҷġ
һЦȻֱӾˡ
ʦ
𾴵٣ͥȻǹؽӭţոãˮûüһڣͱ𾴵ʦһ磬ֱһ䣬ףǶѾͷǵûΣ
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Ҳ⣬һѵ˻صҰԺ
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ҰԺѾѾӵķԸһԴ
ʦȲ衣
ʦˮ
ʦȳԵ㶫

ǶԷ˵ʲôкԺȲ裬ˮԶһԺûзӦɴһ࣬ｫǰӰ˲ˮĸֺóԵģҲֻǰһŸؿŶԷݡ
ʦѽѽ
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
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ﶼЩˣ֪һֱôȥУҪ侲ҪȺûʶĹŴ˼ƽϣȥһۣʦ⣬ĲȳǻҸһƱ԰ɣ

鵽µĵطۡ
֪Ļֱӵķ


30 
ǮȻܵģһںԺʶⲢʲô磬ʵ벻éۻ֮ʲôι۵ġ
һһٴ򣡡
ͥ˵ߣŲΪǮǮҲѳͷ
УԷɿڣֱӵͷҵ˵𣿡
š
ԹԵصͷ׵תıӰСԺ󣬲Ҳ׵᲻·ǺǣĴ𰸺ԣЩŴ˵ĹǾԲȥԺѾéġ

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׹һȺ˵棬˲ſͣ£ʦǰģûˡ
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ǽ沢ûб仯ľС䣬ұһ̨ɫһֱõҪÿĶ棬ϷɫĹӣ̨߷ͬİ״ɻƿʢʻ˿ž죬ѹַˣˣЩ鲻á
ȻЩص㡣
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ΪʲôûʵһĳζΪ֤һο֮һûζŵĳ磬ֻʣµζٶԱԺְطéޣǰϰΪé޳ģȻܡ
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ѾͷߵԺʲô⣿ͥɿ¶һΣյЦݡ
ֱ˵Ŀġ
Ժ͵˵Ѿͷ¾ͽˣϸ˵һ˵طɡ

ʹڣԺé޺⣬Ҳѡáط桰éޡ֡
˵찡

ͥʲôû˵ĬĬĽܡ
ԺԼˣ
ڼǴĴˣĻˣ˵󲿷ֶû

ûϵ
ԺҲĲþͿˣţϾҵרпտ϶о׵ģԲѾͷ֪ǲ˵ӣܻNɪ졣
Ժ뿪ʱЦе˵ﰡץЩϣʱ佫Ժеĵطɡ
ģġ
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һԼȫûп׵ֵΣյĿ⡣
úúáԺЦǺǵ뿪ڽʲôֻ˵ãµԼ
Ժ뿪ǿģˡ
ת׼ȥˣͶһȺЦеĿ⣬ˣȥ


31 
ʲô
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̫̫Ϸ󷿶ү˹Сţһ˫˫Ŀⶢվмƫƫ߻Ϊʲôϲ֮УһܲԷȡֵıͥɣôˣ
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ס֣
ǽһ˺ѷΡ
Ҳ֪Ǳŵûǹضһ¡
磬硣̾ͷŵ侲㣬ֶºˡ
ˣһοôĶѾͷΪһеĻ
̫ˡ
ҸոյССҪԴӦ𣿡
ӦҴӦ
̾͵ͷҾͰ˽Ⱦ͸Ժĺòã
ȿȣ
ȿȡ
̫̫ͥͬʱԡ
ﵱûȴܣ΢ЦſߣеĲ豭бãҪڲʲľ𣿡
ûУûУ磬˵ôôòã
⻹ࡣˣеĻݸ
Сؽӹò˵续ãò඼ˣһԾͣҸðݡ
Цļˣʼ򣬡ĸԺȻǵһǸף壬ŵĸС
ֱֵܽӰС
ֻǣΪշĴ˵ɴ۾ɲŶԷûôίΪʲôҪ⽫£ʲô
ôࡣ
ͷӿǧԺıʫһһ䲻ϵðĬĬ£ʵؿİ๫ؽеүأ


32 
ͥɿС㣬㵽ĶӲӦûԻ˻飬ѵǱѾͷˣ
˵һ˫Ůͬڿǰĸ׺𾴵İһת֪ԭˣ϶Ƕĸ׺ˣӰ쵽˴硣
ǣؿ
һյؿŻоӨҺʱʱЦģ̫۾뿴
ɲܺһ¡ͥɿ˵һѾͷ͹ͷ۵ˡ
˵⻰ûб˼ɴŮ浾һ˦ۿһ죬ˮžžવ⻰ʲô˼ͶðˣͶЩûĺ۸𣿡
һΣ࣬Ҳ٣ǡһĸͬĴС
üʲôû˵
ͥɣ
Ǹ˼
ϴʲô
Ϸסˣ浾СǰλǺ͵ճģΪѾͷǹңЩʱҪƫһЩøһЩŮ޵ôģ̲ס𱸴ӣ˵ǰϱģôϲµĺӣǲҲܲ
ôһ룬ˣǲģ̫Ŵ뿪ˣۡ
磬̫ˡҲûסԹһ䣬浾㣬ɰҺѧϰĵ䷶ĶŮһ룬ζЦѣ羹Ȼ֪ϧ
硣
ͥͩҲһȻûж˵һ֣ĲͬǺԵġ
ү
˷·֪Ϊʲô˶ָ๫øףеҲί
ͥɣ
ͺĪ

ˣҪ侲ôͱľ棬ԣΪ˵һǽ̵Ӱûһ˿˿棬죬ҪôͣԣһģΪʲôҪͰ
ӣĬĬŮ޵Ҳۣٶ˫Ŀ⡣
һ
һЩ˵
ס
˵ʲô
ϵӻвԴܺõѯʡ
δⱻᣬͥɿٵؽ˵һ顣

õԲӷĿ⣬ô˿µ뷨
ǵ׵ķˣҵĺɺΪʲôҳԹ̣ǱùǮֻ˵ң
˼ҵĺܻЩǼҵľûС
˵ķ֮⣬Һ޹ϵҺһѾܸˣ㾹ȻҪѸĽéޣƴҾΪ˸ռλõŮ˸Ľé޵ڵ֪Ͽܻġ
浾ͬʱơ
̫ʹˣ
Ѿһҡҡ׹Ҫβεģ
ͥɵѾܺˣˣӦý˦ѾͷӣָӽԽԽ
̡
˵￴Ϸˣãһֱ彡ҵ뷨Ҳ˵ˡ
罫˵ꡣ
ͥɣϷĿ⾼ضԼҴӣȺҪ
Ǹģ·Էҵͷ˹Էһ
ǿ϶ܡ
˻ﻹܸ߸˵վЦݲõ˵̣úý̽ҵʲô׶ӣҳһˡ
䡣
׼ˡ
ȵȣʲôȥ
׵ӻ𣿰ŸǸĽéް
춼ˡ
أ˵
ȥɡͥȽصĶ֧ߣٺ׹Ůţзˣһᵽͷζ
ҲС
ֱӵͷ磬߰ɡ
һӺžǼҲԶĴլӣſڵҶд򸮣ٿűΧסĶãϤǷЦݣԣþˡ
߽ȥ
ĵŽأͻȻԼ
ڣѾ䲻һĹ£߽վ񣬡Ӻã
ããҶá
м߹ִкڼ仹˿Цɣţⲻаôִˡ
СذӢˣɹеڣкҲҪעƤıŶ
壬ׯΣ

ţҲЦеػشֱߵλ£һ̧֣˲Ÿ

ûͦġ
ϻҾͲ˵ˣټĿѾˣҵļǰѡѧõˣ׼õĲϣֳӣ鸮ˮԺǾ仰ЧʶҪƯƯġ˵ŻǼƴżֽ˵ͺˬ
ӷġ
һ֤﷢һĹâ
װ
ʲôã̫ˣ֪ϽŬǮˣ̫ˡ


33 
߳ҶõլʱЩȻû뵽ô졣
кЩѵʱ䣬ҲӣҲͲʮ仰ãͿ𣿡
Ȼأ
ϣ˹õȵ㲻һ𣿡
ͣĽŲһſڣ磬ҿǶɵˣǵӣΨһҪľǸҪĽ˵ЩǸġ

е֪ôǣͲ߱
ô˳
ȨƣȱҰµ𣿡
Ժǿɽվû˵Ǿ䡰ɵ𡱵Ļ
ȥ·һֱĬ
ʵ鵱Ȼ˵ɵģﵱϾͰҹ򸮺ˮԺé޸Ľͼֽ˳
ϵͳĶһ𾪣㲻˵ƽƽĳԱ𣿡
ǰ
ôЩеȾ˼ֱƭί
𣿡
ء̫۸ˡϵͳˣҪŰ
㲻ˣ
϶˵
ϵͳ׼޾ͱˣ̫ˣ
Ժǧһṫ˽ģ
ڶ죬ڼſͥɣŹǷŨŨغȦͬû˯ãƣ׵òشк簡û˯ãΪ𣿡
߱ԷӲӵϸϸˣӴҫۣƷζ
ͥɵһڣû˯һֱڰοԼĸǿ˵ˡ
׾Ȼǰ˵ַڽɫϣһЦҫۣܴˣ
˵һһӾͳ˹ȥٴֵˡ
һߺһӴϵӴ¶ԴЦݲõس֣ټȥԺˡ
뿪ͥһŽһѵĹĬĬؽӵϵ䣬Ҳ

డ
˵˯˯
綼ûѹ緹ʱǽˬ
յʳſڣ￴߶ŵѧǣֱߵѧǷŭȭͷգֱ߲ӼĮĿ޳
ô£Ҫɼܵӣ
ͱͱߵѾ˶һۣͬʱ˵ߣߣϽ򷹣Ҹλã߳Ա߿֡
ǣ˾ôԴ˷߽ܵ˶ŵĹ

Ȼͱסˡ
ͷŶѧǺ飬ʮֻس֡
òҲϣͣ½ŲҲųջ֣мһˣô˹ȥڸʲô

ջش
ǰŵѧǺܲ΢һǣоʵҲôֱ׵˵òá
ŷ룬һ߳ԣһ߿ֲ𣿡
£ֱߵļ˲Ҳˣԣ
վ
ѧǾͬΪѧһߵģԣĲףʱսǿ£
ѽ
ڣĳʱ׼ һѪôܣ˭˺˭
ˬشӦѾվڵһмλã۾׼Ϊڵһȡʤһ죬֪ʲô飬æԱߣҪʲô
ĸѧʮߵ˵һ顣
ҪΪ˽Ķһ¡
ˮԺΪʥأĻȻǵһϯ֮أˣԺҲһ۶Ӳμӱʢ󣬲ٹٻμӣʵҲŻʺӻŮ٣ΪȡǰĶ䷢
ǰÿһ궼ѧɶ飬ԺҲΨһܳͷĻᣬ´ûùһⲻǾͲϧ
˭֪Щڷʲô裬ȻҲμӡ
ѧȻԸ⡣
˽һĻ

ԱͨѧʵٽҲμ۶𣿡
ѧһҡͷǾ֪Ժ֡
֪ˣ
ͷҲǣղųյĻشͺ˵⡣
ʹӶվ˳ŲõЦݶŶĲӼ˵Ҹ֧ȥμͣҾ·ģǼˡ
񾭲
úõվڰϿ
ôȵŴ̫ӴӴػۣһСĻˮΣգһ뵽ˮ΢ôһ˿˿źҪǲμӾͺˣһվһʪʱһ棡
ͣ
ӡ
ˣȥ򷹣ݣ˵׼ܼء
ߣȴӦˡ
ͽ㵽ķģͻȻѱֱӾ͵ȼѧǵŭ
㻹ҪҪվס
ô

ͬ󵹸ӰǾ޴ġ
ַϣﾶֱŴ򷹵ĵطȥ߶ţ
һصˣŲһȺСƽϡ


34 
׼ߣ˵
һܿɰۣݰ׵Сѧ嵽ĸǰſ˫ۣסȥ·׵ضͽ
￴ǰСɰ׵ģԲΪĹĵģָͷЩ
˵ʲô
ôɰķϣﲻƽ̬ȺͻЦеѯʡ
ʲô˼Ϊʲô֧ȥμѧҲ·˵;ԲŹһ㡣
СɰαҪֿԣףΪʲôҪѰգ̫ۣڴϻ߰߿룬ˮϣӴ˵źŶȣʳ಻ͦõΪʲôҪ벻ΪԼ۵Ƥϸ첲ϸأƵؿڡ
һͦеġ
ֻǣ󲿷ֶͷĻᣬΪѧ竾ͲҪˡ
ٽںţյͷ˭˵ǷӣѺòã
ͬ󲻳ԼôӢһˣƨɣ³غźӣ䤱ػһ˸£̫ѿˣܾ
ٽܺû˵
˵ôһλȴû뵽ǰȵСɰȫûȥִŵؿ۸ˣЩ竣Ͳ𣿡

ĲͷѾдϣ鷳ã
Ҳá
һİ΢ЦСɰҶŶ
Сɰ֪Բ۾ž֣һʹģ˵ɣһģͲ֧ЩӣҪվߡ
ɰֿɣ
ֱӴĸΡ
µȥְ
ôҪμӡ
Ҳμӣ⣬ƽЩôڶʱ˿̶ӦһͬԵУ㲻ܲģôǻûӵġ
˷׷׵ͷû
ӿҲˣԼгͽǼӱġ
Ǻǡ
аɡ
Ⱥɵǲײǽͷǰɣ
Ѫǰɣ
׼ܶɡ
ôţ¶õЦݣ˵ܲеϢ΢еӵĶ֪ǲܽģûУǶԺǵıŲţǶˣʸ䵽ǵͷϣǳ˵õͷ͸ͷԼ򵥵ӡ⣬ʲôС
ƾʲô
˲
ƾ˼ҳɼãƾ˼ڿ̿飬̹ɵʱڳԺ֣˯ǣǵóԼǲ˼ȡԵ竣ͲʳոĴˡ
Ȼ⻰ʵǻǾñ赽ˡ
㵽վıߵġ
ðɡ
ؿһȺǣһ䣬ǾôҪμ𣿡
ƽ
һȺصͷ
û취֮£ת׼Ȱ˵ǱߵĲӼǣûڣͶ˲֪ʱվںλԷһЦݣ̳ͥɵ˫º͵ؿãȰ˵
Σգ
ֱӾˣٴתѧǣһֱ̾ͦţӲ쾡£ǣǽִ򿪣ƾǶμ۵ľ飬ûĹڶ죬Ŀ֮£ܶ濴ǵˡ
˵ʵĻûף˵ӣɺЩݵǻϸ沢ġ
ʱôƣǣһȺ˶ػش𣬡У
ֻˡ
Ժֻܳһ۶Ӱ
ҡͷǣ˭涨ģ
ϡ
ⲻѻش
԰ЦݸӲãҵǰϽؼңųǵĳãˣǸǮûٳһͿ˰ɣ
ѧǣ
ϸһ룬ɹĿԺܸ߰
۾һ
ǣȷؿŷʽΪ竣ͻؼҳǲˣ취Ѿˣˡ
ӡ
Ϊʲô˵ôˣǽԺ
оֵֹģ龹Ȼ
ʱʹĻʵۣǰԺԺͥɣǵĻ̧֣ˣ֪ˣԺ˵ڼ۱ǹؼ
ʵϲ
Ȼÿ˶ϣõϵ࿴ڻʵ˵궼У̫ܼ࣬סȴ٣ֻΪĴͳû˼̬϶ʮӣ죬ôͷЦβ

ʵҲõ
û˼ĶڣĽʲôéޣΪҪǮ

ûǮ


35 
ԺصԺ֪ʳ﷢飬˳ǣѹֻ϶޲ڣȺ竵óˣǮĻϹƵֻ˰ɡ
ţԻϵӶֻάһ佱֡
ͻȻһͷԺ鲻ᾭɣ
ҪͥɾеͷˣϾԽԽѹ̣ܽ
磬ѧǾͿʼͳÿ˻ؼԼҳҵǮ
ѾߵǰĹӣ΢Ц칫ӣūֻǸСѾߣûǮ
칫ӱʾţ˼ԲˣСѾߵǮȻСѾѧǮôˡ
֡
ﹰ֣΢Цһ̾ͱʹļףɥ㾹ȻһСѾ߽Ǯ
һ˲ŵ칫ֱ׳ؿڣɲСѾߣҵͬͬѣѵӦԮ֮𣿡
Ѿһ΢Цš
üüһȻ
һ¶һʮЦݣȷǼѾѧӪģ
⻰ֱ칫ӵѡ
Ϊλүʵ뵱ѧ竣ѧܰѧϰѧӣȻһ飬ɼһ£ĸѾͷѧԵĳɼһǾ칫Ľʺ޵Ĵڡ
С㣬͵͵
ʱѾֵðôһ䡣
칫ЦˣƤ˰ԹͬΪѧΪһ㶼ͬꣿ춾
ֻҪ̸Ǯһж˵̸Ǯ˸飬㲻һ㶼ɣ
þܾʲôġ
Ⱥʲôġ
ﶼڵġ
ͬļ򣬡ģ죬һҵĸѾΪǼ˵ִӶԷļŲȭͬʱ˵Ŷ
Լ칫Ӱˣʼұͬ֡
ǣһҿӵӳжѧصҺչ
լԺɹǺǧС竵õӵĳǾƣߣڽʧܺЭĵһ䣬˭ǳ⣿
Ȼһҹ˯ܸо̵úܣεԼĶ䱻Ž±󻹽Լ죬ʱѾˣ䣬գ죬ô˵ˣ±ζͦģѾҪ䡣
õģС㡣
Ϊʲôǽ죬ΪֵѾȥԺˡ
Ͼ͸ͥԺ飬ȻЩͬŻһ֣վڳʱġ
˭뵽һվ˾ȻǶ֮¡
ʵ۰Ǯ˶֪
ǮԺҪһųɾŻɹ¾ôʱԸԩͷȴȻҪ˵ʮƯ
һϸվеĴƣеĴӴǶȳеĴӹŵ˵֮廨ţʷ׳ʣͥɶ̲ס̾˭˵Щ佫ûĻģ˵
ȷʵǺ
ʵ۵۾С̫ЩٴҶԺľֻЩҪǮ顣
Ȳ˵١
ľϲ˶ٹڻǰЩĿޱȰ
ڶˮԺһСһ׮ȫӰ쳯ţֻҪǮλ˵úܡ
վĴԽԽֵ࣬ûʵ۲ϵˮʱҲоԾôÿλ˵󶼻ͥһ䣬ʲô׼ΪǮ
ͥɣ
Ȼյϡ
ŮĲҪˡ
Ǯ
ܡ
һǮ
˳󣬻ʵۿƱ˶ҸУʲô˳ۣȻյǮ̽ϢԭⰡ
ŹǶڣǮȥ֪һʱҪԼ˵еӡ
ʲô
ѧصң͵õϢͬ˵ĸӱ飬һϢľһ˶һֲԤţʶؾʵܾܾ𣿡
ͥбۿ˵أ
ã֪ˡ
ͷо˵ʻ˻Ұ
Ѿͷ㲻õģϺܺ˵˵Һ綼ڣܲῴµġͥÿҲɿǷϵӣе㲻ģܹԼ׹Ů
Һܵġ
˵⻰ͥɣ˵˶֪ʵۻڶȥʲô飿
ͥɵͷȻ
ĿƵؿû뵽ƽﾫ׵Ȼûᵽ˵⻰˼ǻϵĳأ
ܸ˰ɣ
ֱͶ꿴ģӰӾľ飬ʵĵس֣ܴʻϴ̿ͣʵ۱ɱĸʻΪ㣬ڻҡ


36 
վ̫̫ߵ浾һӱɷףЩһֱԼʲôҪ飬ڱһѣˡ
ڻϻᱻɱ
ⳡɱУΪ˾ݣԵĻԣ;ʹ˱նϡ
뵽ͷ˫սۿתӲر˻ȥ
ҪݺݵشԼһƣôԣ
ôԽôҪˡ
ЩʲôȫǶڵΪʲôûôҪ顣
Ŷ
Լѧϰõŵ㣬ԣһֱоõʲôŵ㣡
ԹؿǰȫһĶá
ˡ
Ҳ˵ǶԷĴԼݵӹ̫ˡ
У
һҪ취ֹ
ü
û᲻һ
ס죡ͥɵһӾͿˣʮغǳں˵˵ʲô
̫ˡ
ĺѾͷӣװĵʲô΢һҲð
ѵ֪Ϊһжôʧ
ɱ˼ңյôһϢǾϲ߻֣̿϶뵽ϻ᲻ǿǼҹŮˣҪ󹬵
Ǽأ
¾ûһôġ
ΪǶϼ۾ϹҲôֲ뷨
ѵֵú÷ʡ
ѵþ߳
뵽ովȻŮߣҲԺˣȻǹ
ͥɵ뷨ﲻ֪ͬģҲ֪׹Ů뷨ţǲ֪úãֻˡ
Ŷ
ˣ
ˣ
Ҳû˵ʲô

ǸڵˣΪŮҪ£ɣֲҪǮ
ǣͰ͵˫֣üָץŶԷӣҲ
ڵðȱԲȱûκεѹԿϣܹƽƽػһꡣ
ͥɲΪһ䣺ģ˭㶼ˣû˵ǧ𣿡
Ҳͦá
ͬصͷ룬ǽʵ۱³УȫǺҪŶ
˵
ļ죬ԸоԺμ۶ӵѧŬϰȥۣѧԶԵĹǸŬƸѧǣ׵Ǯȶһ£ֵĶ͵ڳˣ⸱ģҪϮ˵ֿԣֱƽǺܺ
˿촩ʲôҪʲôÿ϶ʿѲߣ鸮ﶼüΣ˵˵ĵľǶģʵ۳УǱһʧ
ԴˣֻǺǡһᱻ
˵һʧǻʵۣأ
ˣǿԼɡ
Ȼÿ컹ǻܵ׵ǰȥ˵ԼĵģÿζǱӸߣʱˣˡ
ù
Ȼ
ϴԣλȨصĵֻҪӰ쵽һ㣬ͻŬǿȫţСҲܹһ˿˿

̫ˣ
Σƨ鷿ſڵģվſڵʯ˺ܶΣǾúܾϲţò˵Ϊүһˡ
á
浾ʱͿڴƨɵĶãһ΢Цǰʱģ
УС
̾ɿ֣㳤ôңʱʱ䡣
ǣȥ仨԰

浾Ż԰һƬɫֻǵĻٴ΢ЦãΪʲôöڻΣգ
ֱ
һ˵Ů˵ֱ
ûã浾ǲǱˣôöŵ㣬ѧϰ
µǣԷȻġ
ˡ
뵽սãܲܰһ顣
˵
ظ֤㿪ڣһ쵽
Σգܲܰҿһ磬ĵľˡ

ڷڻü
浾Ҳ˭뵽羹Ȼμ۱ǰû
ôȰ
´⣬ڴʱ»ȥҲҪôһŮӣԴ̿ͣûеס
ˡ
ûоܾ㣬ҪǵĴ磬ֵȫûġ
ܷ߱ڡ
С
ָİ
ô
Ҳ̫ˡ
浾ϵʧԣҿˡ
㣬Ĵ磬̿Ҳһ֣һ֣ӦôԱϺȣ
ϱ˺ȵ浾۾һץ֣ãҡ
ϺȣǰǲǾͲᷢ
š
û⡣
鷿˵ͥ룬ǾȥڶķرǻߣţٶһЩԶţҪһʧ
һк󣬻صҷԼҹŮӰˣƣԼؽãʼʡ
ŮүĥĻôһҪ£һСĿ꣬´μ治ɫӡ


37 
ڶڵǰһ, ѧǰźͨͨȫƽɢ, ŤŤߵǰ, ̧ͷ
ү
ĳô, Щⲻס

ǰ裬㿴ûУ
񣬲ͷͿ, 㡣
ƨ¡ֱڹؼʱ˻ȥ, ˵ֻ, Ҫһʵˡ
Ҿ˵һ, עⰲȫ̫׳, Σվܣܲ˾ԭεǴ˵, Է̫ʢ, ̫, һ, ͳ, ޷԰, ǳյĴ, ƲѪҸιȥ
ԣ⻰Ƕųյӿڵġ

еˣ
ٽܵĿһЩ, Ϊʲôô˵
֪ʲô
˵Լͬľ
ⳡɱ, ǵ, ǰ˶ı䡣
ʵΪ˲˵òп߱ɱ, ǮԣԱͷأҵİҲˮȡ
ȻεĴɱҲĻᡣ
ֻЩֺʲôϵ
ǰĿʲôؿʢ˥Ҳͦõģ챻û㷴һ£Żȥ˵ûʲô
û뵽˵Ļһʱûסʳ
ϲԴԵʣ˶ģҲ֪СĶ
˽ʱһֱ飬εĸʡ
ԡ
ںʱ
ոš
һڵشˣ̾ͽƿ̫֣Ҳ̫¡أܸо£ģûƭǣҵֱһ׼ģһҪעⰲȫ
ٽܿóԷ˵滰
ֱ
žͲס
ܿ죬ٽܾͻʲôϵüʱʱͻᶯӵԼ

ֱӾЦǲΪҪټ㣬̫˲Żôģƽ㲻ͦܵô֪°ʲôĻϿ𣿷ģԲġ
ҧĺһ߹ȥ
С
Ҫס

棬ĵӲӦôСģģµģÿڶˣûг顣
С˵ɼ̡
ˣϴЦߣǿϣŲأһһǴǰû¾ʹԺ󲻻ûӰκε鶼ڱ仯ģǵ߼ʮǰǳ̣򴲣ѧؼҲ̣Ҳ𣿡
գ
üë̫ˣ겻Ҫӵİ
˵ô
һҼҵģſڱտھạ̇̄򴲡ҪҪ
ô룬ˣ治Ҫ
ҲǺǵġ
ë
ΪҲŮͿڱǰţ
Ƿᣡ
Ѿֱӽ𣬡ѽ
ǵģʶģ
ٽܣ
ô竣оûȥǵ֮ǰ鶼ͦѽôͳڻ׼˰
ֹٽɻҲС
ǴΪԼ⣬϶ӣû
ɾô˵ĻҲǵķ񣬳תתһץסٽܣϴϣǡ
Ƶǰٽܣ
ֻؿڵҲǶԷƽֵ̫ڲͬߣ׼ȷ֪氫
Ŀ
ŵµζ
ס
̧ͷܿԷ͵°ͣ촽ĺܷۣ׼Ͽ߾ʹ
氫
氫


Ǻ˵ģյı鱻ãȻȡ

ֱЦϴһѪǰôû֣ô
Сӣ
Сӣ
竺سЦ
ܴ
ûС
ȫûбϵôܴõ
Ȼ˵֮⡣
˵ʲô
ʵǶôõƷʰ
оˡ
ǳЦֻڳʵѡ
죡
ֻʵ̫ˣŵѵõദˣЦ̫ˣѼǣ
ߡ
ۻ˺Ͳµġ
˵ʲô
竲ˣѼ˵
У
Ƥһƣ¶һмı飬һǼƽϵģͷڣһؽ͵ƹӣҵߺûйϵҵĴ̫ƫˣߵĻȫŴҴǣҲŻôġ
ٽܣ
ֻһ˵û뵽ԷͬˣôһŮӦúɡ
һֱûеȵãҹ
ң
ƹӣһҪעⰲȫ
ڣϵؿڡ
á
ٽܵͷ
ȿȡɿȣؼˡ
˵껹һٽܡ
硣
ؿ˶ˣ
˵ˡǰץסߣһ״ġ
ƹӣټ
ǳٽܻ֣žڸҿԷˣֱתǿŽԴת
òСضԻ
磬㲻ܸ״һᰤӵġ
ܡ
һǲ?
һֱǡ

竣
˽ദ
죬ͥɲϳһڸԵԺʰãؾܵüϣͥһȥɨһ۾֪һˣ
ҪǻϵټҲŮڼͦõģʡȥǡ
үСӲ
ͥЦҪҽ̫ҽ𣿡
ѾӣҡͷС˵С˵ãɾܺãȹȥһ
ھȥһû֣Ҿ˽Źȥ
⻰ո£ͳǵ߰ɡ
ͥɿ
Ÿ߸ߵβһɫ·ӣںͿŴͬɫĴǺɫѥӣŵҲǻɫİ˿ͦɾģֻǣܲܺѧѧ㡣
Ʋ졣
׵ʲô
ɫۣܼΣշʱϵĿԣӺѥܵÿ졣
ûʶ
ӰӾͣ׷ɱŮԹؼʱ򶼻ᱻȹӰԣǾԲᴩȹӵģΪ
ҾˣҪǿ˳۾ͰҹڼҳŰɡν˵ǵɵӾͲˡ
ͥɽַӵĵϣϵظԼﰵʾ


ܳӡ
Чͦõģܿͻָյķˣ߰ɡ
ķˮ˳ӵһÿ·Ⱥسš
Ȼ˶೵ζŶġ
ҵӾ˽һʱΪԹȻҲǵȨ˵ǵĵطʵۻûͥɴֵֶȥͬŴк̫̫ЩŮȻҲǵĽȦΪʲôһҪʢװ磬ȻΪõıԼѰһź¡
ùң
֣ЩĵĽʣһȤûС
࣬һ⣬ܾͻ̤ᷢ¼ֲ̫
Ǵ⡣
ټˣҪ


38 
ϼݵ
챻ɹͷð̵ʱ, ߿͸ǿֵĳ̱ð, һ, ˶˵ϡ

ͳ, ²һº˳϶ôʣһ˶أ
Ӧôʲô
Ʋ졣
ộɲԲ򰡣
ȻǲԵ, Ѿ׵Ҫöõ浾һһҽӲسϡ
ã
ߵĿⶼͬľ档
һ޿͹, ܱܲôף
ͷݵҲ֪˺þ, ǸֲųĶ
վʱ, ˿ԼĻҿӣ, մҲͷ˵ϥ, , Ŀų
ֺǺǵʱ, ϵӸ̨ϴ, ͷȥ, ͦ, еСӢ, ʹµͷںïܣеżʵ۵ζ, ǲ֪ڸǿȵĹ, ͷֶܱã
ظÿһ꿪׵Ļʵͣһ, ˭˵
ʲôż磿
Ϊһȵĵ, ɻҲûʳվڸ߳һ˵һ߹۲ÿһˡ
࣬ÿ˶ڹؾصվš
ｫߴӻʵƿ̾ģǿɣȵҲֻܹյ
ÿ
ûдɫ·һɫվ֮ɾ߹
˵
ʲô
ʲôɾ
ϻб޸Ӣ
ߣû۹⡣
˭ʵۼ˵һˡ
˵꣬ǼŵѾ׼õĵʿһ
һӾ
ˡ
̿ͺܾܿЩʿм䣬ؼǵǰľ顣
̿ͣ
Щʿмд̿ͣ
ôܣ
ʵëȻ;гܻţⲻһģ˭˵۾һգգضžĵʿǣȥ˶ܿԣͻȻ̴Լʺ
ʵʵĵĵʿֻûϽƸˡ
ţסһҪúñ֣ڿأ
ɹϵǽһĴ
ʵ۳˶ϵʱǮ֣ĿɶȺʿոû˭˵
Ǯҡͷ
ʵۼ˵ѣԸվãķţһֱʿ뿪һ
һߵҲžҲһףһĿ衣
һȺĹøŮһ㣬űм̨Źĵʼ轣
ᵽɤۡ
꣡
边Ȼǽ裬
˳д̿ͣţվλĹѪԺﲹ˺ܴһϷ
ʵǱ߸ոպ׼赸ͽ豭˳ȥ
ôǴ̿͡
ûãԺԽԽмĹڣɱȻ۾һߵţԷǴ̿ͣİȫӦûİɡ
ϻĿⶢŵĹҲһƬȣҪḻܶѾˡ
˵öԣûĸֵܹסҲ˰ԼһǱϿˣŲúܽ轣ĹǷӳ˳ˮƽһ׶Ȼ뿪ʱܻӭĿ⿴һۻʵۡ
һηɡ
û¾ͺá
ˡ
ʵ⻰ĺһ䣬Ƕˣˡ
ֶһڣº󣬱ǵľ
ΪһжֻĲ룬εֱ׼ȴôû뵽һĿȻ˭˲֪ڵĴͬһڣǰѳҪ̲Էֳ˲⣬ûκκôͣ
ټϽһٶǵŬ²£ԣάűϺƽĹϵ
һһ˵㶯ң˥ˣұ֤һԲǧѷĻᡣ
š
п϶д̿ͣ
￴һԼľ룬ĬĬز߻һ󣬾˺ܵ·ߡ
ЦӴڹʹĻʵۣ϶Ǵ̿ͣ
Ųϵء
ô˵ȴ̲ס

˵˼䳡滰Щˡ

Ӧá
㲻ɱѵΪһ¡
鲻Ӧİ
ʵۣⶼʲô߰
ǰЩֻǿθСˣ۲ܻӭĻڣ׼ȥֽţ浾ץסӣ磬СһЩעⰲȫ
ġذοãصһ۶ã˵⼸һֱجΣǱѾͷֵõġ
ٺ١
Ц
ðɡ
ԺԼֱ˻
۶ӵ׼ʵҲûţʼټҪˣֵܿһһ۵ĻشʵԴ˵еȤ
ֻǣôҲû뵽Էܸôľš
ʵټ
Ρ
ѳһڰƤЦⲻЦǰˡ

ʵ۾ǰСƯĹеķȫһ
ǡ
ʵʵػػȴ²ۣҲǣѵǣл˵ƨţȰ
ʵϤ
ԣ֮ǰδ̿;ŶŪġ
ո˵ʲôʵ̽һ䡣
գŴ۾ظһ֣ǡ
Ȼʵ۲õ
Ͳˡ
Ǯࣺ
չ黹ǵĹŮ΢Щͥɣ
Ȼȴһ˭䲻ãúܺòá
һ֡
Ǯǰ
˵ʲô𣿡
ǮӲͷƤС˵һǡ֣
û𣿡
Ǯҡͷ
ɹðͿԼ嵰
ǰɡ
ʵ۰ѵҪ̫ģ

䲻ʵۻһΪֹȻûжģɾԲϲеĺ
̫Ҳܽеˡ
Ҳϲ̫ࡣ
ͷǮȫоѾȷֻһ뷨
̧ͷ˿졣
ʲô
һӵ⵽ʲô⣿
ߡ
ô
︹ޣɹ㣡
ǣЦе˵ȻȤվ޵ߣһֱ۽

Ǯࣺ
ͥɣ
Լ⻰ˣ
ѵĿˣ
ܾܾ
ܵġ
ü˳۵һ䣬ǡ
~~~
ˡ
Ͽ϶г
ʵǳһ߰ɣۿʼˡ
ʵǰ棬һͨվ̨һѾ׼ˮԺҺǿм䣬λòֻŴݵѧǣЩѧһǺ䤱һҪģ
Ц
ûС
ĶûǱƫƫҪͷУһ֪֮ûУã
뵽һתΪ׵һȺѧǺͣǣһõһģ
ѧǣ
ֻؼҡ
̫ˡ
̫ˡ
Ȼ϶־Ŀ⣬Ǽһడ
Ⱥǵı飬ʹˣκ˶ԱȾǺãȺǱܣࡣ
ʵۣ
ٴο죬ү˵һ
һ£ҶƮˮԣһҵ۷ɳ۶ȥ


39 
֮, ڿƽʻԶǳ濴ʮ׳ۡ
׼̾ΪԼϲйϵ۶Ӽ, һ, ǾǱѨһ, ͷܶĵطȻ
Ϊʲôһڰû
ڸʲô

֪ǻ󣬿ôҲû뵽ǻôЦ, ûѹǳ׵طŷ, , ޹˼ɵֱӱԼĶ, Цǽһֿ
˭뵽һȺʹ˳̵ľ, ۾ͣں, ˿, ʵ̫ˡ
ɫŹֵ̾ͱЦ
һ, ʵ̫ˡ
ͥɵֽ߬סӵ, ְϼֹ, Ĳϵľ, ܶŭ, ܴˣ˵Ѿ, , ס, һҪס, ʱֻ˿Ц
ʵƫͷЦɤ۶ֵĹҪ̧ͷʲˡ
ΪҪĹ֮
ЩСۡ
˭

ŶԭǴӰ
ţȻ
õͦƯġ
ú˵ǧ𶼺𣿡
İɣ

֪Цʱ˶úˣ˼ұǷӣû˻÷ӻѹԼȥչ˱˵ӣ˵һСȷʵͦЦģЩҲİΪʲôС۾ǲһأ
Ҳ֪
ЦͦģΪ竵֪ס͡
źһˣ΢һ»Լ³֣Σ
ãһ䡣
ͦ˶û뵽ԼϴҲôһ䡣
ϴ˵˭Ⱥ
ٽܿ˼Բˡ
еļʹûϹôһˣ춼ֺǺǵģʵ۸ǰЦɨһͥɣǰҳ˲鷳ĴˣʱҲðôһ棬ﵽ׻ʲô춯ص
Ҳ뿴ûʲôܹѹģ
ʱʱ˼ΪʲôҪػһӣ
ΪʲôҪϱӵļ䡣
ûЩǲҲߵĻһЦÿģ
Ӵ
ٽôʱѾԼѾߵŶӣ۾һգգضźϵ֣ȺǣҪЦȻ̳ӴŲ𣿡
죡
̲ס
֮¡
˵ĳ
⻰ʲô˼
׼ƽƽ
׷׿ͥɣ˼ԣʲô
ͥΣ
͡
ôͰ׵̸ӹԣô˵Ĵ
װľͷ˰ɡ
ȻȥԺһҪݺݰѾͷһ٣ξԲˡ
úúãұ죡ͬػػֻﶼЦ⣬ǵǻѴ߰ԭʲôôϲҰ᲻뿪

褵ĺ˵˺ΣƤ
ǲ
ʲô취
ʲô𣿡
Ӱóһȭͷôʯͷ
ˣ
ΪʲôҪһʯͷҲ̾ǷӣȻʯͷڰ
ǣȰˣǲںˣǼ˵Ʊϣʯͷӵˮ죡˵Żʱһ紵֦ɵˮһĲˡ
ٽ˵ˣ
ͬһʱ䣬ｫʯͷȥڳٽ֮⣬˶ͷߣΪ˷Ⱥؾͽʯͷ׼ãǹĵİ
Ŷ
ˣⲻǸˡ
˶²ʱʷƽĺͻȻɳˡ

ʵĺˣĵĻϲԭΪܹһʵۣԴոðˮͱУ㣬ʵ۹Ȼա
ϲòˮ˼Դ׼ȥɱʵۡ

˶
ɴ۾´̿ǡ
˵ֱûг
̿ڳ
ԣ
ľսصôãΪʲôڲų֣̫ˣЩٵĴ̿ͣ붼û룬еİһðˮĺԴȥ
ͬһطܵα˳˹ȥ³ݺ󣬾ͳȥ
ȫľŲͬĿӢµٽܣ
ļǵãʵ۵ĺˣһ˻ʵΪ˵Ĺؼλ
أ
һһʯͷһɽˡ
͵͵һԼΡ
ԣ˵˾ô׾ٵرıˡ
һ̣ٽЩһֱάŵĵѺۡ
ϻŷŭ
Ҳ֡
һڻʵۣ²ͥɵӰ죬Իʵۿ϶Ҳĵġ
~~~
˷һӾˡ
浾µᶼ˺ô侲ĴɢŮ죬һַ̫̫һѳǳõĶ߬ĹŮһĸţװΡ
̫̫ҶԼĹŮ
ѽ
浾ߴ٣Ըһ߽ǵĵطֱڵϵ£Ŀ
̫̫һŰװεĴŮٿſ޺ܣǱײǱȣͷһգŮˡ
 
Σһҧ˵ôһ֡
ǣܿڽ
ǶˣͬѾȻҲӣܿ죬䲻ĵطͱռˡ
˺ɴ۾ǡ
ô
Ҳ̫ʧ̫ˡ
ô죿
˿ŲԶ๫û£Ǽһ£ǵġ
ֻĻո£ĸǷСһߣһֱƵǱߣҺ£
޵ǽһ
Ҳڿޣʱһ԰ŵˣԥһ£ͬʱ˵ҪҲһ£
ʲŮ͵ģĸŮµƶҪţ
ǵѾһеص£ûطһܹеġ
ߣɫɷףһ˶Լ߳壬һŨҵɱ⣬Ȼ£ȴҲûʧ˾ȣΪΨһԴˣʮ׼ν
ܣ
ֱʵ۵תһٰʮȣȻһڶԷƨϣһû˵ʵ۰ӵɵЩ˻ɣҪ
˵꣬
Ŀ
ǻȵĿ⡣
ı顣
ȡ
һ˲䣬ʲôĶ׵Ժ󣬾ʹ˵ߣһ𣬱ҷ񣡡
˵ܡ
ף
ôܲ
ͷ
Ϳֻʵס׺ݵ˵֣
ʵҡͷ
ߡ
ȻƨɣҲʵۣ϶ῳ˶ԷԴסǸһĹµĻᡣ
Ų㣡
ң
ﻹ治ңҪǽʵۿưˣСҲͱסˡ
԰ʵۣȨʲôˣ


40 
ôҲû뵽, ʵۻΪ·ʯűץסôҲѲˣֱҧӡ
һʱϹȼݵĴǿһĻ
ǲǲó
ԣ
ⶼʲôʱ˻ģ̫ˣʷǲЩиˣ
, Ҫ²һ, Ͽ϶Ǳ̫ɹ, ȻôȤ
ֿһͥɣػǹ⽫Ů⣬, գ
ͥɣ
еʱĺϣԼɵһЩҪôһ۾ͿȺ˵뷨
ǵǶв, Ż˽׹Ů

ص̾, ôԽԽء
һȺͬɵ佫䵽ʵǰ, Լ׵Ҳűӳ˹۾һ, ˣ׵, , ʵ۾ͽˡ
ߡ
Ųƿأ
Щ˵Ŀǻʵ, ȥͲǾ, Ǻ
ʵ۵ɴ۾
ƿ
ð
Ȼô, ƫƫҪס, 
, ˣؽ̿ȫ׽ã
ô, ʵʮƵ, , һᰲο, £޵ߺܰȫ
ҪΣգһǰ
֮¡
˭˭ˣ
ɲغͥһ˾ͺá
ͥɣ
Ѿ˵κεĻˣãҪ
ʵԴĺľߣǱƵ
~~~ſɤӼС
̶˻ʵۡ
ʲôУ
˰񰡣Ҿ徵Ľ쳹
ʵۣ
̫Ҫˡ
ôŮôܻһӡ
۾ûϹ
ͷŽץסԷ֣˵ʵۻǳ˶ܵĿһɿգۼʶԣϵˣı
ֱɿһ˲䣬ץסᣬȾܡ
˵㡣
ʵ۵ճһֱߣǸܵñӻıӰ޲ܽ䶢ʱ˿̣ΪˣΪʵ۵ı
ϸͥٴα׹ŮĲסˣŻı飬ʲô
ŮٲǶҲܲܲ
ϡ
ʵۻͷĿƵؿͥɣҧгݵ˵ˣȥ

ô˵
ΪʵۣԼӡĳƺŲɣڶԼչˣԣô˵һ˵ʥּǾͲˣһǻʵۣҪȣܺһӼƽϡ
Һݺݵһ٣
ǡ
ͥһһ۱ƼСӵ׹Ůǻհı飬ֱûۿ
ɵЩǨŭٽܣһӳôÿʲô꾫ŮĻ궼ûˡ
к꾫ٽһֱڿ
߻ʵۣǺεȵĵɫ
ѻʵ۵å׼
֪Ĺ˵ĸԸʵ۷лĻǷʵҲԸİž»ӣ˵׼Ժ̫ܵ˭˵ŮӾûҰˡ
ʵ۵ʱͱ¹ҩͱԵ
»ʵʲô˼
϶˵ġ
ϲϲûйϵ
ᱻ޵İɣ

վԭһѹûд̿͹ע˻ֻͦˣȥҴ̼ȤţҲܾ
ĸѾͷܵر졣
ۿϾҪˡ
˴סȥ·
ץסǻʵŮˡ
һʮֿ϶˵
ղԶʵ̫󣬻ʺԼһѵӻӻŮûйܣͽߣţ˵ʲô
˵ǻʵҪˡ
⻰ɴ۾үѽðĶ
λ磬۾þȥ𣿲ʺϵ̿ͣԼ˵ġ
жȳ˵㲻׵Ļ
ƭң
˺ƶ

̧̾ͷֱӷ⣬УУ磬˵˴Ĵָҽˮ棬ûӲˣ㰮ô˵ô˵ɡ
վںںٽûᣬĻûס鴤ǣӲ˵ӲҲͦЦġ
С
Щ̿ǰʶһ
Ĵ̿Ŀȷһֶû˵ɱ˶ľսһɱ˵ѪɺӶֵġ
أ
пܳɹıһʯͷһĽ˺Ѿǰ⼸
Ҫץץ
ϻôʲô
·̿׼֡
ڸʱŴƮǰһɫװ˧ˡ
磬ˣǣǾȻҵף۸ɰá
ṦϹԼûʮоԼղŵĵĶιˣˣ鷿˵Ļһãٷ裬˻Żô죿
ҲӦʶˣĺܶǣһԶʱţδҲûˡ

̾һʮ˵һߴţҡ
ĸѾͷصͷ磨үͣǣ
˵͹ԹԵһվá
үս̿͵Ӣˡ
˴ʡ
ǿ𾢵ʱһȺ̿Ʈ˹ɱȻؿǰɣҲвʵۣ磬ܲܲҪô氡ʵֲ׵ûõġ

Ҳֻ֪׵Ż˼
⻰ͻȻӿôһ˿˿׵жô£
ϣ
εĴ̿ģ˵ֱӶ֡
ĵøףֻǣԷ̫࣬һʱҲ
ٽԼ
ܾôȤ˵ĻԺ϶Ļ֣սеӣǰһ
ţͳһΡ
õԹ˲Ͼﻹڵһʱ俪ֹƹӣվ𶯣Σգ
ٽܣ
ϲúĪ
⻰Ҫ뿪⵹ùõĳ嶯
ǱҸ˵ŶԼ£İ۾ſĺˣ˫Ųϵˡ
ĸѾͷҲͬĶ
Ȼ̿ȫûнĻϣôһСС㣬жס
ȥץ
ƹӣ磬
䣬ĸѾͷ̾ʹӰó뵹ҩȥ
ٽܺ̾סߴڼ仹ٽһۣСȻǰ棬ƾʲô
ˣ
ص˷

յ˵ɴ۾ε֮ǰһ
ҩЧܺá
һ˲䣬һƬվŵľֻʣٽܣһеˡ
ٽܺؿ
ٺ١
ͷЦû취һŮӣֻһ޲Ĺ
˭ҩʡ
һŴҩ
̫ҽ
￴Щѡѣʱ޶ŵ̫ҽһ磬Ǻ֮ǰûĻҩԷһ
ˡ
֮ʰɡ
Ҳīתŵȥɱ̿͡


41 
, յԼߣ̫Ũ˾ƽûʲôǿ˲԰׺ͺ¡
̫ˡ
ΪʲôҪЩ
֪ϻ᲻جΣ᲻Ӱ
ֻʵۣ֪Լܶ˵, ҡһ鶼û, ȴһ˸ꡣ
뷨, ֱӶԷգƹӣ, һᱣġ
ٽܵͷǰСӣЩɻôĺµġ
ԶĻʵ۸ոձ, ҪǮ෴Ӧ쵲ǰ˵׼ԴѾ, , ûΣգǮ౻һ߿, еĽȥ
ԷĨ˲ӡ
ļҲһ۵ûʵɫ, ͷűƵԼ¶ǲðѪ˿ڣɫ쳣ѿ, ƫƫʱ
ͷȥ
ͿŲ֪ɡ, ŬŽŸƨûеϵ۶Ҫˡ
, 
˿ڸʹˡ

ʵ۴һ
Ϲһͱ»ʵ۵, 
Ȼ϶, ʵ۶ס
Ҳû, ƹӣҴ뿪ɣ̫Σˡ
Ϻڽ㡣ٽɨһ۲ԶĻʵۣٿߵ
ʵôôƨ°
ˡ
̿ȫĺòá
׵״綼ȥˣҪô
ʲôҪƹӣȲȣʲʣģɹ÷СӴᶼˣĴ̫ˣôû뵽׼һֻɹ˪أԲ𣬶ҵĴƹӣܿˡ
Ҫǻ֮ǰᣬ޼۵ģ϶õõĺǻ
ٽܿҪ޳
뵽ʲô
һߵĻʵɫÿ£Ǻģʵ۶ˣҲһۣȻֻǱ̫ɹ̫
ͬʱȻмί
ǲǻʵˣ
ѵעĿĴ

ǰɣ
ôóѣߣҪ񵥶ദƫҪƻ
һø˻ߣ쳣
ͥ㶵ؿŻʵۣԺһֻͷʵ۲濴˶ãѾͷ˰ɣ
ȫþϲ
ֻúÿֲûС
۾ֱյգûиı䷽򰡣
ĴѾ²ˣⶼʲô°
ǻʺԼĵ
ĲʵۣǷˣض˵һ䣬ԵȣϾ뿪
һ̣תͷ̱Żʵۺʲô
䣬סˣ۾ɴ
ѽ
ʵˣ
ʵ۾Ȼˣ
ʵôһ㣬ڼ
鲻԰
ôܻˡ
Ӧڻʵ۷ֱԼߵЩҵӢηֵЩ̰ºСЬðһӴŸ쪵İԾԵʵѹ̿͡
أ
ڱ̨ûУ
аɣ
ûУ
ܸóְɣ
ЩûУѪӦóֵİ
˵Ļʵۣ
Щʲôʲô
źʮ
̫𾪣ڲϵ²ۣɣɣ
ʵ۲᲻֪д̿Ϯɣ
һ׼ûаɣ
Լ鱨ûаɣ
ⲻÿʵ۶Ӧе
о˿ڸ˵ĻʵۣΪ˵ĶĶûУ
ԣص㣬Ҳ⣡
ÿʵ۶
ôûУ

ʣ游游ûУ
ԣ
ʵͻȻǰѳ˴Ϊӵ̫Ӽλ˳ʵ۸ϲµĶӣѵǸʱ
ʵ۽Լ鱨ǸҪţпĻĶôܻɹ
ԣһһĴ
ôҲ˵ڵʵа鱨֯
ûС
Ȳ˵鱨֯ͺʵеģûУ͸ⲻƽ⣬оԼһ㣬ƾʲô
ʵ𾪡
ǧ֮ʵڲϵش磬֪ʵ۵뷨һʵظûУûС
ڿɵȱ
ѽ
ʵں׼֮¾ͳҡУɵ󵨻ϣȻܱôõĺƽ٣ãô꾹Ȼû췴ʱĿǴӰ
С
ÿ
ƹӣǿߣԺ󰡣ǧ𿿽ϣǾǺòҵġôţæߴٽܡ
ǣǲӦҪ𣿡ٽʣҪվһЩȭŹ򣬿԰æġ
ƹôµ뷨
ȻҾƷϲǣ̫Σˣôͷ
ƹӣһҪסҾõıַʽǵһҸ竣ñƻµİգǶôãЩǻϺŬĽֻҪܣҪǵõĻرһϿҵ˵
ٽܣ
ⷽʽر
˵ô棬ˡ
ԣÿôڣҲΪҾТ˳ף
ԣ
صͷˣˡ
룬ûʲôҲò׵״ͦõģǣͷͥɺ磬عŴ棬Ҫˣǻؼ·
ȿȡ
ٽûסЦȴԼĿˮǺסˣܲܲҪôͻĸЦ
ƹӣû°ɣ
ٽҡͷû£Щ˺ӣ

ϱӵ˶Ķ£̯һŮð
ͥɺҲ֪
Ļʱͥںʹ̿ںӱ߱ϴ򶷣һᣬ͵ˮˣݺݵţŮĲҪˡ
ҲòȥеĽᣬúܣ͸һգ۵ĹĨӡ
װε̫̫ǷǳҪһŶӶִһֱֹҪʱҪִŮ
ĬĬؿһ졣
ոա
ʲôƷְ
˵ɥĲĻ
ʲô꣬ոƨ·
սһ̿ͺ󣬴յͥߣһЦ˵ˣĽТ˳Ůʱ򶼵ؼ·
䳰ȷ
ͥɿһţС꾫˹ȻһޣҲϺ꾫˵

ʲô˼
ˮƽ˰
Ȼͥɱ˰ɣȻʼˡ
һߣһѾΪŮõΣǾԼ飬ƹӣ߰ɡ
ٽܴüȻСӾ£ͺһ£Ϊ뿴׵֡
ǣҲߣҵҵ
ǸТ˳Ķӡ
ƹ̫Т˳ˣɡ
ʲôѵģ
ʵ۸ո֪ˡ
Ȼһ룬Ĵɤһ𣬡ﺰؼҳԷ
ٽˣȻûʧ̧ͷȥһ׵˵ı顣
գ
ʲô
ʲôϵ
ͥʲôˣ̾ͳȥѽŮТ˳Ϸ˵̫ãϽؼҳԷɣǧŶˡ


42 
Ӧÿ뿪˰ɣ
ٴδߴԼ
, еĴ̿Ͷˡ

ô죡
ͷһȻеĹԱʵۿ£, ̫ҽʵ۰̫, ʺԼһѵΧ꺮ů, ȷûΣպٿԼѽ, ɡµƹ˧ˣĲ, Ըеĺᣬ°Ͷô, ͣϡ
Ϊȵԭ, ԭۿž׵촽Ըʹͷȥæʪ

ȥˡ
ǰһαѪ, Ųˣƿ, ϵҽڣԲɫ, ʵ̫ˣ, Ҳܹ񣬶̫, Ķ궯
СҪ
ٽޱȷϸոնԷ˼
ڿɲһĻʵۡ
, ϲʲô
û, ٽܿ, ׵ͷǾϲġ
Ϊʲôˣ
ѵǺˣ
ǰһû°ɣ
ڹ
ֵðݣ̧ͷ۾Ц״ɡɢҸϢû£Һõúܣƹӣȥҵʹ硣
˵꣬תܡ
ܲа΢Ц޺Լ̲סʲô޲
ٽܣ
Ϊʲôôģ
Ϊ
̧ûô˹
һһҸǱȥϲĺӣоԼ嶼ƮƮģʱҪǸһ˫һֵܿط
ˮʲôĲڣա
š
ɡʱ֡
ĴУ
~
ҪҸˡ
ʵͷĺߡ
һĶ
죬֣ôô
ʲô޲飬һͲ
ͥɵûн̹Ůʲôܰ
С˵ʲôĳ
磬
ĵͥɺߣֿ˿ҵŮ죬浾Ĵָ㣬ɵúã
ллá
浾صлȻʽЩԱֻҪû£ǣ¶Ҳֵõġ
һ˲˵⻰Цúǿ
ԭһ˵ĶԻ׷׾ؿСö˵ʲô
֮ǰǸ߹СԶ
磬ˣҵĶãҲΣյʱ˵㣬Ҷðæ취ͺ˵˶ĵطΣգҸĵطװΣ˵浾Ŀ˸м㿴˶û¡
ô˵û
־ﲻԾ
Ѱ
˰
ʹûд򡣡

ܣһƬǽ壬ֱ˼̿Ϊ˴ﵽԼĿģڰ·ڻֱӻӽû˵ҪѪ˾һĵùϻž֣лһɵӵ̤ȥ˿϶٣ټ￿ˮߣҲкЩ˻֮ˮġ

ǻʵ۵Ĵ
浹ù̯ôһʵۡ
ʵǲɸĶ£С־һ飬ôܲܣΧ޸ʲôȥ˰
е󳼶ôˡ
֮¡ű˴Ķӣ²ǰΪĶ˺޲ûӣɴʱϢڵϣۿһӾͺˣȥֶڲϵز̫̫ͷ̱ڵϿ誳еֱ֮¡һЩ
Σ
˵Сſ⡣
˵ĽôСӾͷ⡣

誳һŽгһûס褣Ѿˣ
ֱ̫̫Ӿ˹ȥ
̫ˣ㶵ؿŶӣöûܷ
Īڰ׷ͺڷˡ
˱ʹʹʱһɫӰ˹Ѹٵؼ褵˰ռ˹ưںã˫ֽƷǻʼѹͬʱ˺ȱˣ˰æ
ʲô
˿
誳۾һ˵ҵܻܵоȣ
ֻ֪ԡʵʵ˵ϻˣ˵
´𰸲ҪģҲ԰
̾شչȥ
Ȼɵۡ
ŵܵܵʹУ

Ŷ
誳ȻЩ߳ܣΪ˵ܵܵǺͷŶԷĶʼ˹
ʱһһĹȥ
һֱķθյŵĺˮϵµΣڿҪ۾ʱ׼ҡͷ˦һӵִӲ֣Ѻˮɡ
ԼĴһ΢Цͼ
ڡ
ȿȣ
誳һס褵ıӣµʱ򣬺۾ͿԼ״׼һؽƿֵ˵磬˰ܵܣ̫ˣ
ô
޷ƿ誳У
Ȼܻܸܵˣɿǿ޵Ŀ⣬̧־ˡ
֮¡죬һţ˵˵ʲôأھ㡣
Ǿңûɣ
һҲɵı顣
￴ֵˣվӸµĿ褣СѼӣסˣҾȵŶ
û٣ò٣ټ֮ǰ˵飬һӾͲµ˶Է⣬ʮֿܵ˵ˣǲģԲȢġ
ɲô˵ľˡ
һĶĲﶼؼʱܾһȢͲ
ˡ
Цһ⣬ľˣǲǸˣϧԶῴģ

ȭͷսܣ
˿Żʮ褣ˣǻǲ֡
֮¡ߵͥɡ
ΪʲôѡȾԼҶӣΪ˾֣л
ͥʵҲС
ô֪Ůı¡
褱Ȼˣˮļ̾ǿϣ˹
ʲôʲô
غ꣬ŶԷ˶ڣ̾Ͱȱ磬
ˡ
ͥΡ
Ȼվִ֡
ˣ
û⡣
ʲô
ѾĸѾͷҲᡣ
Ǿһ
Уʳɹʡ

𰸣ͥɿһ޹Ůֻ֣һϸ׸ģȥɣֻܾȣҶš
ȻļȻǰٰмûбȻģδؾͲԹޡ
֮Ȳȶֲá
㣬ոúܺãһ𡣡
ｻ誳С
ߣ
͵׵ĵܵܣȥףǿҲԸȥԵӣôµȥ죬᲻̫
誳ӲͷƤϡ
˵˱ȻҲҲѲ
ǣ˻Ц˿ޡ
ֻҪɹСӵرϲѹֵĻꡣ
Խ˶ˣʱ䵢ԽãȻĿԾԽСûʼȻ褻һ·Ѿ


43 
ˮ, 㵽ڶ˲ϵرӺ
ɻἱȵľֻ
ˮļ˺޲öԷ̾Լˡ
ǾͳһĻ
Ǿ˻һӵʱ򣬾ǰ˵һ, Ȳˣ, Ⱦ
⻰һ, ڱ֮˵ļôܵˣ̾˻ȥǷҵĲžȲ, ٸҶӣŲҴǣ
ɫ, ķθյֱ۶΢΢
ʵȫԼӣһ, ְ, 񱣻գ, ÿҪʱ򣬾ͱ˻
ʵԼҲɻ, һǸƽƽĳԱ
ôߵǴðġ
ʱεһʮСֶ꣬ûз, ҲϣڵϵĺͬҪ
Ǻ̫ࡣ
Щɳơ
ھȻһһ, 誳ж촵˵ķµ֪ʱ治ɫ
Ա߳ܵ˿ʼֶš
ٽܾվڲԶš
Ƿ
Դû¶, һԿ϶, Բ, Ҳټһ, Ҳͨˡ
ǰⳡɱ
һȻ褡
۰ɣ
һ˵ʱ׵
ΪʲôҪҧ̣
ʵܳ˵ľٶֲõģ֮˵úʱһãмǵãҪϴ£󲿷˶ԶԶġ
ûļˣԹ޸пܻʱӾ硣
ˣˡ誳не̫ҽ̫ҽأ
һȺܵ˼̫ҽ漷
һһͬʱҲ͵˼㣬վߵİԴǾ˹ȥ顱һ߰˸΢ǺӼ˵ǲЦǺǵضлˣ˾ͺá
žļﲻˣҲ֪ʱܵ
Ҫأ
׺ݵģ·ھˣ׼ȥɱһ㡣
ƫƫʱѾĲҽͷͿԼС赽󣬵ð̵СѾͷʱʺѪҺָ˳ӼѾŮˡ
¶ԷӦһ߿
ﻹܲˡ
~
һƷйĴУֱӺۿȥһĻдѾѾѾ
žһ˱ֵƣ
Ѿÿҿ£ûµġŬԼƢܵһЩ̲סڲ
ѽѾ°
СڣԲԿġ
۲ۣ
Ѿգ۾ؽÿС㣬ѾѾѾҲۣҲ£Ǳġ
һ۽ǲԶһֱԵ˿ڣôѪֵⷭ˶ôܻ᲻ۣ
˵һӾ͵
ѾҶԲ㣬ҵĴһֱͽ̵ǲҪµģúûžͺãԼȴˣҵĴҵĴŵǸ˵Ƿòס
ҵŮ˶ſˣѾͷã㣩ʲôͻôˣЩûȻˣ˵׼ǱѾˣôֶܹѾͷ
޳ӣԸЦŽð
ıôޣ
ǿžۡ
ˡ̫̫Ĩ캲һˣۣǻⱨӦġ
С˿޵СضŮ˵ҪҽԺЩúõĻƵ԰ڣ
š
صͷ
ҵһɫ
ǡ
ǿԷʧȥ˵ʹ࣬ƾʲôˣ
ǿ
ѹûнͥɷǺ۸
ܺá
ͥɽȫǺߣǸӦеĴۣͰֵд
ɡٽһԿţԭһֱЦĵĹҲ޵ģ
ʲô
˵ģö¡
סνѵɡ
͸ˣݲƵġ
С㣬˵ʲôԶġѾޣϵʹܣǼҵС㰡ʺϷ񲣬޷죬ҲϴСУ֮ôôǶ˳ţš
ɾǲģѹһ㶼ģǻԼʧְǣѾתƻ⣬ڲǿ޵ʱС㣬˵ѧżĴʲôãҪǸҿ˿ڰ
԰
̾ͷӦ
˸ã˳űı黹˸ݡ
˿һĻЦ
ﳶɤӺһһ
һҲ̫ҽҲǺæģʱոպðһ˻վϤ̧̾һֻ֣ش𣬡أأ𣿡
Ѿ
Ѿˡ
ǿǴŶ
Ҫ֪Ѿͷգʳ뵽ˮôһ͸öӶˣʳѾȥþ˰ɡ
ԣʲôأ
ʱô뵽Եġ
ѾͷĽ飬ѾûôõգҲһʱϹȥεİϾǹϵĺô
ôŵʱѾܹ
ڼ䣬Сؿ˵㿴ѾͷҲûʲô£Ҫǽžˣ
Ϲûʲô¡
ûȥ
ˣСֹһѾҪϲҿһٸ
ޣ
ֱӳ¿ˮһȲһѾ
ڻء
һһ
˵ǺĸѾߵӣΪȷˣڶѾͷЩ˹ƶҪĸѾͷ棬û鶼ĸѾͷ𣿸ոΣյʱͬĸѾͷȻĸѾͷҲǴ粽ظŶѾͷ
ֲܲ˰ɣ
ⶼǻ
㲻ôġ

һѵĸУ̫ҽ𣺡ãáܹѾϵˣһҵţ˭ɵģ
Ѿ̫ҽŴŴغһ䣬塣
һ룬̫ҽ
ӴҵѾŶÿˣ°ҽõúܣ϶̵İ̫ҽһᣬһָ˿ڣһõҩ
ֻһȺӣûһŮ̫ҽֽһ䣬һ˰̣Ҳļ޲ȥӣĸûףòã
ĸû׵Ķӣ
ôһ㰡
лл塣Ѿ֪ԷǺ⣬ظл
̫ҽ㳤óûͦġ
ϣĸѾҸ˵ǰֻһǾãĶ̸
ѾģӣһӶ޲ȥ
Ҳޣ
˾˿⼸˾Ȼˣˡ
иСǰȣˣȾҸ硣
Ȼǲȣ
˵ʵ
ûʲô˵飬ɲȵĻð˳ŪǷꡣ
˿ԣҹԶ㣬ҿǣУ˵꣬Ŀ˸ղŶֵķϣѾѾѾץס


44 
Ļһ, Ѿͷ֪Ҫʲô
Сʮ׺ݵȥŮεؿס
Ƕ˺ѾŮ˺޵ú, ԣץסԷʱ򼸺þȫ, ᲻ʹ, ֻܱʾʹá
ʲô
Ů˵Ķվ
û˵, ۾ݺݵصǸŮˡ
칫Ӹ׼ֹŵǰ, ҹӣҶ, Ҷ㡣
ʱ, ѾŮϴѪӣ˶֪Ҫʲôˡ
캲־òԹȥ, ķˣĿ±һ۸, һ仰˵Ժô, վͥɣ, ô𣿡
ٺ֣Ҷ, ס, , Ͳ֪ܲܣ
⻰ͥɾͲû˵, û꣬ˡ
캲һΪһѾߡ

ҲҵѾߡ
ͥ˵Żʮе
Ѿ⻰̲סͦͦţС˵ùȻûүǵĿɽؼʱǺܿɿٶԱһԳø캲֣үʵò϶ѹԷ
캲ֲ֪˵ʲôá
ͻȻô裬мͥɸݳġ
ʲô
˿Ữſ־塣
£ֻǰһѡ
ҪҡͷŮӵòεҪ
ɲŶ
һ˵ɰĻ۾ɨһܵˣغˣԸˣΪﻹôһûб֪һҪǾҺ۸ǾԿСúܣҵˣ͵ñ׼
䡣
ŸոմѾѪ·ߣݺݵػȥ
~~ʹ
˵Ĳҽ
͵ϮʱĿ׼ݣĶĿضǲӳ˿ڣֱѪʪҲûɿֱ˵ϳֺѾһģһ˿ڣصͷؽӲ˵ķ䣬ѾԲѵ˵ˣӾӦôͷϡ
̬һĻһоԼҶѾͷô죿
ô˿ţԺ϶޲ˡ
̿ˮԼҴС˵磬ԺҶߣֲ̫ˡ
Ҳǣѧһ͸ҴѾߺһȺӴҵôǺ۸ˡ
㶮ʲô
誳Ŀȴͣ㲻Ǳ˳𣬻ˣֻҪͥһ첻û˸ˣ˵ռ
ȻΪңֶβһЩţԺҪһӵϹˡ

ͷûϢĵܵܣһͷð˳
ٽܳһЩ𶯡
ͷĵ
һʼѹûҪЩ˵ĸл
ˡ
ˣĹôʶЩһȫں
֮Ҳֻġ
ȻҲһ

Щˡ
𱨵ÿ죡Ҳֱӣ
뷨
ľ˸˳
˱Ҫ֣ЩǶԶԶģûȹĬĬؽˣȻҲѹϲã˭ҲûзЦ
Ǳ˻ϲãҪ
ʵ󳼻عͥٴλصҵʱ춼ˡ
ȻĶǣ˳Ѿ⣬ƤûƣΪף̫̫һȥó
̫̫Цеظ̾Ҷƽƽģϴ϶
ⳡ粨пǧĻҪ˵
˷¿ӣš
ˣʲô󣬾ֻϣһúõİҵǼϽöҪ˵ʼᣬˣǼ£ҵĶҵﰡðûˡ
˺ͶҲŵᣬ֪װεʱŲҽжൣ๫Ͷӡ
ͥɺͥңϸο
涼ʮֵܰжʱ𣬡Ѿһ룡
ۿ˿ȥͼһ룬ǻմŷ
ͳһˣ
˲̸飬Ӽ˸жõձƻӰ١
ƫƫѾֱ֣ӸСװһģð׷һ۵˵С㣬ˣԵ㡣
ӹس
Ͱ
Ժﶼðô֡
ǿҸʲô԰һڷкˣԼˣÿİɣ
ڣԷӲѿȷʵҲίһͥɾӣȸ̫̫һϲԵĲˣŶŵس
̫̫⻰˵ȥˣǰسԷɡ

оԼź˰ڲˣôѾͷֿˣһ䣬Ѿһ롣
üëһͷţΪĸԼһ᲻µŮίһɣѾͷѾ뷹ˡ
ϳԶ˲ã׻ʳ
˶ڵͷ
޲ú¶ˮɵԼĸǵɴ۾λεؿһ仰ôԳô࣡𣿡
ŮȻûĸŮôϸҪԼһС׷ġ
̣û׷𣿡
Ϸˣ
Ǹ˼
㲻ˣôԶĸף룬ѾȥԺӣἸ׹
ǣС㡣
ȷˡ
Ѿͷ⡣
Ϸ죬վѡʲô˵ûٳԵ룬ĿĺҲﵽˡ
Ϻг
˿һķǸ˲
뿪ǰ룬̫̫գ۾ҵӴʮͷ˵ŶҾˣ쿪ʼÿʱ䣬㣬һʲô
˵ֺ꣬Ǻǵˡ
Ϸˣ
ܾòǺ¡
Ĭһ£ͥɣϴ󰡣ĸ׾סڵġ
ġ
ͥɵͷһῴġ
ϷˣﻹЩ
صԼԺӣ￪ʼƻȣķɹ˪ðϣСҲУʱϵͳûѾϲ˰̵ҩõ϶Ĵ𰸺һ
ϵͳܿģֿˣ˦˳
˯ǰͷѾһ׵飬̾˿
Ѿ쳽ʱ𴲡
ҪԼʶʮĻᡣ
ûһ˯ˡ
ʹһĻʵϷȥ˯ţ̿ȫǽʿǰǳúͽˮˮȻĿŵɱǾûа۸
š
ûһ˿ͷָɻʵ϶п϶ӵаʵֱʡ
У
ʵͻȻ˵ɶҲ֪ʱܱͱӣҪˣӻСˣ϶룬ʱ
ôһ亹
̫ˡ
ǰȻ֪Լʵ۵ʱΣա
鱨֯Ҫ

ǱӵУ


45 
ôһ, ʵһҲȲȥˣоΣգɼεĴɱ̼Ƿǳģˣ
ϡ
˯Ǯ̾ػػ, ·ո˯ŵ˲һ, ٵسڻʵǰ
ȥ
Ǯࣺ
ùȻû, ϱǷӰҲЩ, ҹѡ, ˶֪϶, ôȰ˵, ʵԼˣȵ, 롣

žͲǹĴڡ
Ŀŵشּ
ûˣȥϢɡʵۻ֡
Ǯ˿ĵ¡
ʵۼ˼ǽüˣ³ϣͲ, ʵʵظ찵鱨֯
ǾԲᣡ
ա
Ǯ᲻á
Ҫһķ, ƽ޹ͬ˻, ҲȷһͷܲǸӡ
Ϊʲô֪ЩΪүĶ, ʵ۱ʾкܴĿ츳Ĳܡ

ΪʲôҪĲܸһŮӣһŮӡ
вͨ, Ǿֻˡ
뵽ˣĹ, , һٮٮ, ֮ǰһȥвܸо̫ãЩȥ
ǻʲôأ
°˼ĻʵͻȻ۾һ
ٽܰ

ҵСӣ
ҲûʲôϢһзģͺİã˵ܼӵΪ͢Ҳеá
ôˡ
˵Ļһ⡣
ʱô̸鱨֯顣
ԲöԷ֪΢һ£ҪԼʲô֪Ļʵ۵һ뵽ľŪԷ̫ˡ
˵׼һʱͱӣϾǷӣɵó顣
ʵۼ밡롣
һʱ뵽˵ǣɻشϣĵر۾
ٽ˵һʧߵҹ
𶯺ܿʧ
ٴλصȤ״̬
ЩʱţҪԼģƵ
ԡ
ٽܿǻơ
Ƽ˶ܺã׵׸˵ǧ˳Ҫʲôʲô
ǣÿο׵ͻ᲻ǰսһǹͱԷ飬׸磬ͬǱһԴĴڣ˵ˣе˶س֮սŮ죬ƾǵʱһѻۡԼճ˻ҽ
û뵽¼ҹ粡ʷĺżͶ̥һҰ
ܹٻ˶ĻʵۣҲԹ˵Ŀ࣬ıϣʱôһµ⣬ûκźġ
׵ܺãҲᣬܳϢڲȥ
ǣ£᲻Ȥλһ㿴ٵķ٣ƽ
Ǻġ
ûһʸУ
뵽һԵĹŹֲŪһ£⣬Ťֵ˯⽥ˣ˵һΣ´ξԲ
ϴ̫̫ÿ顣
Ҳ⣬ˣ˯߾٣ϣŷ飬۾ѾܵľģӴһö׵Ļ棬Ȼһ̣ƽơ
̣Ӵ
ת֡
Ŀ̫̫üһߵ֣ϴأ
үϳȥˡ
ȥȥ
̫̫˵סѾͷľֻǸˣո£յĽŲ𣬻ҰѾͷһѿɫ·ӵĶѾͷͳǰ
̫̫𾭣ˣ䲻飬۾ҲʹˣҲ
˿ô棬ֻҪûм£ɫ뿪ȻﲻˣرĴڡ
̣
ȥһѾеķ飬Ȼ󣬽˷ߣȥ˶
̫̫һ֡
ȵȡ
ֿڸ׼ֹĸ첲ͱѾˣٺôܵһ£ͷͶ϶ѾʵЦݣԼһ仰֣ߣҲһ𡣡
֣
ôҲŹ
ܿ죬Ǿͱ˻԰
ض̫̫˵̣һ㶼ϣԺɲҪ˵Լˣ㻹Ưء

Ϊˡ
ˣɵˡ
ӽÿһ˶һ£ʲôлÿ춼æģһҪѧ͵֪𣿡˵⻰ʱ򣬶ҪԼТĸжˡ
֪
ѾѾѾѾߣػشȻعƣϵؿ佱С㣬Т˳ˣ
̫̫һôŮġ
أ̫жˣʶС㣬̫ˡ
һһ˵ÿţѾʼðᡣ
̫̫ǣ
ȫж
ǲܲȥˣТ˳ҪҲգ
վмվŵѹѹ֣Ѿͷ̾Ͱ͵͵Щ˶֪ͲҪóˣȿȡ
˵ǰ̫̫ǣмһվţ˳㻹С˵̵̣ķϣŽõλģԺ˶ûĴ
̫̫ĺ˵ллҪ
ѡ˵Ϊո˵һ˼ֻģˣƹˤզզذɡ
ϻ˵
ｫźãסǵλãԺͰվǿʼһ߰ˣ
һߺһô򵥣˭ҪѧᣬҽͲȥѧһ̵ֱѧΪֹ
̫Т˳ˣʱ䶼ˡ
ԭվŲϵһ⻰ˡ
һ죬ǿûжԷʢĺ
Σ
ѧ¡
ȷʵǼ򵥵ģۡ
ﻹǺչԼ̵䣬Ժ󣬾ôѾǽԺ̺ϣʼ٤
²ͬûеѧʱ䣬Ҳ𴲣飬ֵȵȵģŵģո鷿׼žͱ죬ȼ֣֪ȥĸ뵽ĸ壬͸Ϲȥߵʱһ֦
š
ײڼңֳҪ̵ܵǵΣҪϽ̵ûõĻֻܶˡ
ܿ͵ãһֻ̤ȥ͵ɴ۾
ԼĸһƽظŶýŤֵӣͷѾϸܵĺˮðȴظŶô˵ĸԼͦϲġ
һһȺ˲ûзĴڣĬĬ˳ȥ
ˡ
ĸʹˣıʲôҪ͵ûɡ
ˣһʱˡ
е̫̫۾ŶĶѾͷЩȣô죡һʱˣ
ԡ
ڸʲô
ôͱѾͷǣء
ѧʱ쵽ˣϢһٺˮԶ˵ߣſںת˻ȥ̫̫˴Ĵָ̣ǰǲѧ赸ѧĺܿ죬Ҳ˺ÿ
ǣ
̫̫ЩصͷҵʱҲ黭ʫʸ裬óĺ


46 
þöûǰ, ̫̫һʱǸпǧЩź֮ĲնķˣǰᴩʲôŮͿʼ˵ʱ, ǲ֪, ĴŮ, ĴŮҶռһλ, Ǹʱ򰡡
̡
һӵĻ, ûʱ, пٻ廳ȥ, о仰һҪ˵, ²׷ÿ䶼ӦеӦ̫̫ȡԺҺȥ˼һΪ, ͣ
һ˵ת˳ȥ
̫̫
ȻǶѾͷ, ûһ, ˵˵һëëġ
ֲò, ˶, ˬ, Ҳʮֵ, Ϣϴ軻·, ϸؿžеԼҲ֪ǲǶѾͷ˵̫࣬ۻ軨ˣܸоԼһ㡣
뷨һðˡ
ô죬ֲ鵤ҩǱѾͷȥˡ
ûһͳſڣŵֵܽÿŶã㣩Ȼźú񼸱֣Ǿ档
ûסһ䣬ʲô飿
顣
ʵʵ˵
ǰһţƵúܹӣֻһ顱֣Ҳǳģͦ󷭿ľˣȫǰֽһֶûУ̧ͷãȷǺ飿
ǰ
ţ˵ȷʵǺ顣
ˣҪ治ߣ˵Ҳһֽװˡ
ԣĹ򣬺úض鲻
ֵܽôһ˵Ǻ棬׷ùܿͺһı顣
㣬˼ңҪģȻԺԼ๫ûл˵룬һ䣬㲻ú𣿡
ãһԽĹػ
ǣ˵ҲöԷúÿǸʵ㻹𣿡
Ȼǻǳõͷ

һ£˳
̫ˡ
Ժ๫ҪǳĻȥ
ˮԺϢﾹȻؿ飡
Ϣһˡ
Ψ֪һľߵͬعϾ˵š֪ŬˣǱĸùĻͱ̿Ŭ
ˣǲĺá
ֻϧ
ͱˡ
ԭôһοԺԼǣΪʦϲľѧǸаù飬أ
ٵġ
ǵοǣûˣ
ںؿ飬۾˵ʱ̧ͷһ񣬳ɺּڿ̿Ҹ֮䲻ϵԾ
ѧĶл˯ͷ󺹵طѹӲϵŷ磬ɨһƲ죬װÿ
ʱԺ䴦ףĲ˻
ʵۺ̫ǮഩԺѧӷŸ߸ߵΧǽ̿ˮϣҪǽȥ𣿡
ֺܶ˵ġ
š
ʵصͷģѾϸܵļƻһµġ
ϣֱȥ򸮻ūȥּͺãΪʲôҪô͵͵ģǮ벻ףһΪˣû뵽ˣǽΣհֱȥּأ
죬һūŶʲôʵۿǮ࣬ҪεˣΪ޻𣿡
аɡ
˵ʲôʲô
鶼һǮһ㶼ɻϵΡ
£
Ǯض£ס޷ȥ
š
Ǯͷҧ׵ȵģɻʵֻŲļϣʱδʱһ֮ȵʱ̣ݵ̫ܹܼ縺ų֮գۼ䣬ˮʹʪ±˫ȶڲϵز
ʵҲùվȥֵܰΧǽǣ̵ͽг
һҧס˫ڿա
һ̣Ͱˡ
ˣ
Ǽˡ
ôž͸ˣ˫û㣬ϲȥ
ס
Ϊ˰
Ϊ鱨֯
Բܷ
ǮֻоһᣬһͿԼҵĻʵ۱¹Χǽϲϵ˫ȣ˵ʵӿѿĵСѯʣϣû°ɣ
¡
ʹˣ˵ʹ࣬Ϊ˴ܷͷˮ˳£м̵ޣǮ࣬˫ֳס޵˫ţһϣ㣬Ҽֲסˡ
Ŷ
ոձȸо˶˼ֵǮ಻ǻʵѡεˣ̾ͽ˫ͷʵ۵˫ž
˫Ҳʼ
һ
һ
ȷʵǷǳ
ֻˡһʵʧǽϡ
ƨŵصĻʵ۵һʱҿûоˣһ˶ûУһæüû˵ֻȥƨɣ﷢Сء˹˹Ǻʹ
á
һƻɹ
ǱԺ
ϣû°ɣ
û¡ʵͬСػشȻĬˣѾѪôǮ
ƻѡ
侲һ취ġ
ܿ죬ͿһԵĲžȻûţϲؿڣȥš
˵꣬ʵ۹壬˸ƵģӲϵع۲Χŵߵţٵľ˨Ǯ࣬
Ǯ߽
˽ٴ˩á
㵽¡
ϣˣЩūŻȥ̫ҽ㿴˿ڡɹʦǮ˵ŽĻ
죬Сˣʲô˻ʵ۵ĺǳ⣬޻иҪ顣
Ǯ಻˵ˣڻʵĬĬţһûסһ䣬ϣ´ΧǽΣյūֻõūŸ㿪žͿˡ
߶Ļʵ۶һ͡
˵Ķܵļƻû뵽
˵
ǻʵۣҪӵġ
Ǹݵӣ޵ˤ
·Ǯ඼ڸж֮УȵʱѾһС·ԱߵĲݴĿ⾼ĵſһ˵ССʵϣΪʲôҪ
Ȼƣɹ
Ǻȣټóɧţĺ
꣡
ʵ۶һơ
Ҳ֪˶á
˾һ࣬Сȡ
ҧǣΪ˲죬Ƕܽϡ
ʱعȥ˵·Ѿˮʪ͸ˣ촽ȴɳˣڣ첻ˣĸ竳ʵ۵ľһ˶æӻóɫǮһ飬ʣµһԼϡ
Ǯࣺ
뵱˻ǿ
ˡ
ɡ
̾ͽϣֻǲ֪һ᲻ᰤ
̫ҽҩҩʱ㵱ʱҲڳ֪ôðɣʵС˵
ǮָָҩָŴԶĸ竣ѯʻʵǷ
ʵصͷ
Ǯࣺ
ԣĶһ飬ƹӵĺã֮ѪΪ˱ĸ竡
ͻȻ䣬ǮۣƣͷۻۣǺడ


47 
֪һ, Ǯ෢ģĺ˦ֱ˵ġ
ɿŻϣӣ, нһжǻϸ, ƽ϶ĺ, һ, סˡ
С˵׼á
Ǯͷ
˵һ¶ŵ, ҩ, סȴ, ͬ׽ʨӣ˫۾ס, ׼ڶԷ벶ԷΧھͻȻһ
ϵһƻϢǱԺȻме㲨ۣȻɹ
ڶԵĸ竣Ǯٽܣŷϣǽ
ٽ, ӡ
һʵʮġ
һ, 竹ӿ, ȻһƵȥé
ձԹȣ, ıͲá
ͬ, ˮ̫ӰӢˡ
ˡ
˿ʼų˵ԺĽé޵顣
, Ϲ, Һķ
˯˯á
ͦ˵ġ
ٽܺٲ, ʵʱͷҡͷӦľС·ϣͻȻŵϸ΢ѪζָܵǿҵעӣԺȻ׼ǣ
Ҳ֪˭ġ
ɨһˣǺ޾죬ǣҲһĲְصһ竣ţҪΣգʱ͵ǰ棬˵׼ܽĵ
һ
쵽ˡ
ʵ۵ֱµͷɬ촽
ûġ
ǴĻʵۣģܶԸĸ竵ġ
ٽҲڴţϣڰ˲Ҫʧ
ϴá
飬Ƕ֪˵ʲôá

ôһɡ
ĺ
Ƿӣε׵ĳ棬óۣϴķӦ졣
ˣ
⻰˵ԼȻһˣоܵ˺
ˣ
˻ʱ򣬻ʵ۾ˣʱ򣬴һ壡
ȻǮֱӾ˳վ˵ǰĿԣһ˲˷·𿴼˾ֵĿ⣬û˿ԥ˫ٶȽҩ˳ȥ
ж֮ͻʵԺԤһģһ
竱ͻһٽüͷһ壬Ϥͻʵһģһԣʵ۲ڻʹܵԺԸĸ竣
ǵûʵ˵ļɣ
ôоӺܲ
Ȼһ˲ϳˣǲıԼļƻڻʵҲûʲôõģϱӻʵȻɱģҲûʲôɱʹʵ·ɱˡ
ɡ
ٽսеȡ
ͻʵ۶û뵽µľȻӡ
ʵۺǮҩͬʱϷ竱ڱ߱ӣ˶Ӷʶе˹ȥ
һɲǣǾֹġ
ҩǣ
ʵϲõЦסˣ
ĸ竵ʧճǰʶʧ֮ǰǼʱߵģôģ޲ܣ
ӻ޵Ĵ£ӣҪӴж˿顣
ͬصǮ뷨һЩô죿ô죿ϱˣϵݻᱻֵģ
ҪǱȥ
ϵᱻġ
ԡ
ĸ竲֪أ᲻ῴϵ뵽ǴµĻɱڰ
뺰
ʶʧˡ
ٽܣ
еʧ𾪣ʵ۱еػҪûá
竣
˿صˣٵͷ˿ӣʲôʱôˣһӾˣ

ٽЩȥ˵ĴˣٿŵϵĻʵۣôϵˣǿ϶ǱȴĴڣҪֱŪˡ
־鷳һ䣬ưҩ
ҩ
űε˺Уһüë̾ͷβһͲǺˡ
ǰֱһţȥǵҵҪĸ۾ģСү
ͬʱǰ

ˣ
ⳤЩ찡
еɡ
ֲ̫ˣ
ô
ͬʱͷӲĲӷǡٽܣһ˼ϴ󣬾
Ϊھܻ÷ˮĴ竣̫ЩǣЩҪ߻˵ġ
ʵ۾ﶼҪĴڣǽˣ˶ԷһţȻԼҲͦԩģΪ竵ǸҺͻʵ۽
ҵġ
ҪǱ֪ҲһƤģҲǼ±µص֡
һһ
ǲǸȥݰˣôôù
ѻ̧ɡٽܿʼ˵
á
̧һƫƧĵطƽϢģҲԺĴ£Сؽ˷£۰Ͱ͵سٽܣأ
Ȼ
Ŷ
ʲô
յͷ־òԾǲ𣿡
ٽʯϣĿɵӣϵҪὫ˵ȥԣҶֳĬõѡ
ǲûе̫ãʵۺǮƵĿдеҶԴеô
ôһ룬ͻȻ;
Ȼ֮ǰˡ
˷ԡ
Ǯ࿴Żһ
ϣû°ɣ
Цһġ
ʵҡͷļƻѾϣɰ۲ӵǲû£֣Ƕ
ĸ競װٽڣָõضڻʵǰ
һҪܡ
صͷ
һһҪ񽻸ǡʵһ˵ֻҪˣҾͲƽǰε顣
۾һϣ˵
ʵ۴ӻͳһţ޴ˣǺͬڣǾȥŽʲôҪʡ
á
ûκλɵصͷ
ٽȴʱ򿪿ڣϣΪʲôǮţ֮ǰΪʲôҪҩ
ĺڻʵǰһ澵ӣжǱҪǲʶģ˾òǻʵۡ
ˣ
ϴ󣬺ĺè֪
ƴضʹɫ
ƽ￴ͦһˣʱôôûɫأʲôʲôʲ
ʵҲţھƻʱ򣬾뵽˵ʣգ޼ôڲͬףǻϣܶ鶼ɼЩ˵Ҳ
ֻΪİ鱨֯߳ġ
֪Ųɡ
صͷ
Ƕúܣû뵽ϵĿζȻ˶أȻ
ô˵֮ǰû
Ҳҡ
ס˭ǻ
ϴ
ţϴѾô𣿾Ȼס˻ϲϵĹ
˸ųԵϵ;⣬ĵļǻһ֮Ƕø
Ŷ
֮ǰé޵İ
ҩ
ʵһ˵Ҳ֪ǻʵۣ֪ܲǲǣŷϣ󣬾ܿ˳һ£֪
ͬʱͷǻʵۣĻ
ٽܶڻʵۿʾɣ˵ʣһֶš
竣ȻԷ
ҩԼε飬ֻڳļ֪Ǳ֪֪һ֮Ҫ竻Ǻ׵ġʵۺҪģô˵뱻֪


48 
ٽŻʵ۵в, ֻúǻǻʵǻǾԲ˵ķϻ, ֱӾͽϢش, Ҫֻ֪˲סܵġ
ĴҲ, , Ǹһս, ͷ
һǾԻ, Ҳ˵, е߸֪ģ
ˣȥɡ
˵ʵۻ֣һ䣬ٽ, Ҫ˵
竿˿ʵֿۣ˿Լϴ󣬺ܿ뵽ԭû뵽, ȻҲǺջˮ
ϴ󣬱أǲ, ʵǲһ֮, ϴиһΨһΪľǷȥͷȥֽݡ
ٽ΢Ц뿪
תͷ, Żʵۡ
ʱͼǸʵкܴ, Ҫ˵ʲôͬ, ǾǺܳ
Ȱ
ʵۿٽܣֵǰ治ϵػӶţ۽ƳԷӣΪɵȴؿ˵ٽܣӸޣ
ǻʵۡ
˵û⡣
ýţɣٽûӵ竣ǲῴĵġ
ʵ׼һҩ
ٽһ۾Ϳ˶Է뷨ΪʲôҪӣǵ֮ǰ˷ԵٷһΣԣôȦӣġ

Ǻ͸˵
˵һ֮ӣΪһӣôľܾ
ǣֱӽӵ˹ȥ
ʵùͲһֽ˺Ƭǿҳ嶯ջסˣСҴıҪ̣¶õЦݣڽеٽܣ
ڣ
˵ͬʱʵŶ׼һЩҩֱӳ˹ȥ
ƽƽ˵ﶼ򲻹ĻʵۣȻ֪ոǿ˵죬Ҳܱģʱ˿̵һ𾪵ٽܵأЦݱ˵⡣
ϡ
ǮС˵ū֪ϲǣΪϲƹӣɱ᲻Щ̫ã
˵˵ʲô
ʵۺǳ˭ϲģǸӣҪΪĲܣ۶ῴһ¡
Ǯࣺ

νĿķǰ
ˡ
һ̫࣬Ҳνһ飬ϲңϲ鰮ϲɱٽܾͺá
صٽܣ
뵽ĹŹֶԣСʵ
Ķ
Ҫֱӽʵ˰ɣ
ʵͻȻоһ䣬ܿ˿һ˶ûУһ߲ţȥ
á
ܿ죬ٽܾ͸оԼ̧
ˡ꣬ꡱĴ̧ԼƶŪ˵뷨ϲ̧̧Űɣ۵ĲôڶУöˡ
һߣǼææéһˣŻصѧãŽȻЦڴؿ𿪿
ĬĬؿãŵͷŷֱ֣ӽŷ˹ȥһ˵İɣⶫǲյģ֪󣬿ѾˣԲϲǵġ
£
ô
һ£ŵʺš
ǣ㲻Ϊǵİɣⷽ淴Ӧ죬˵Էһѵı飬ֱӾЦˣ룬°һֽһȣ˿ȷʵǷΣǷʲôˣ˭˲֪㰮Ľϴ𣿡
ȻǿȨǰǲġ
պɴ۾Ϊʲô뷨
˵˵
һӣֱվҸ㣬˵񣡡
ȻǷӡ
ʵʵ˵ĺòá
Ӵ
һԴҲǷˣǵģʲôҪܽͲѧһͺ˴ˡ
Ǳ˸ǣתģģûбҪ
⻰һ£պ̾صͷ̫ˣȻΪдţ

ôһ룬̾ʹԶˣˣǶҪ˵϶ҪԶԶ֡
ȷû˼һ
ƯִŮⲻ̫మĽķա
λϣֱӽŴ򿪣ıͱˣдһ仰ٽϣ̵־źţʱʱ䣬ûˣ׼ʬɣסֻһ
ｫֽš
֮ԶԶؿ˫ϸ۵ð˳
Ѿߡ
İڿĶѾ˵
Ѿ̧ͷͿԼСһ࣬ʱ׼ȥҧ˵ӣ˵Ҳϰ˳ȥ
һĻ竣
ô£
ı鲻԰
ǿԿ϶ϵдŵĿ϶ǰĽĻ
ⷽо顣
ǶԹʶ˽⣬Щ¶԰ĽûһϲҲԷرԴΪ޷ӦԷĸ֮ġ
Ϊʲôͱ
ˡ
Ͳóƶϡ
Ҫǣ˶һۣһնƽﴦػ㲻ͬС˵֣Ҹ˵϶һ飬ոǷžǻ͸ġ
ѧӣ
һ𾪺ܿͱ˻ɡ
ȻģҲ룬ϵҸ˵𣿡
ۡ
Щ̼
ϵĿζЩر𰡣ѧӸ̾
˭˵ءհŶԷļ򣬡õֵܣҲŰǸģ֮ܣǧ˰
õģõġ
ѧ̾͵ͷ
ȵת뿪Ͼȥõֵܣѧӣ֣Ҹ˵
Ҳûš
ڱܵ⡣
ֻǲ˵˺ͱε飬Ҳ˵ǿ˵ġ
˵׼ϻмǡ
ϾϢԺ֪Ļѧ󲻳һʱǵ˶֪϶ãҵĶһʱжأ

ôһ룬ƺЩԲԼϴ
ʡ˲һӣ˾ֱ׵ԺϴҪɿҲͦҪ

ÿƬ̶ͣ
춼ҥԡ
û쾭˻˺ѷεؽŶãɾҥԣϾԼʲôӣúܡ
˵ģô
ǲмʼҵĹġ
ˡ
ˣǼɣùԺҪˣǲܸɵ㣬ܻᶥס
浾

һҪס
ǧܱϴˡ
뷨ûд㽫ŮʼҵĴ㡣


ѵǿɸİ
ôӢĻϣΪȻĻ棬оĺۣޣȻһᣬһбһд˺ü˸ʫ
ԺϢѾ˺ö汾һһŵ֣
ܣ
û۾ҲûϹ
ԺΪѵģǼᶨΪҥԡ
־źţǻʵ뵽ΨһܵĵطǮ֮ǰ΢˽ʱ׼ϵĵط
ʱѾٽܷڿõϣϢ
߶ʵ̫ˣһߴһ֮ļƻȫ֪ûб竸һôĹϣ


49 
ȵʵϢ, ˼ļƻԼԸַӻֵĸ֮ӦԷһʧ͸оЩˡ
ſ, ˸Ƿ, ˯˯ŵģ, ˤŵƨ۵ú, վ߻ӹǡ
žߵϡԡٽǰ
û¸ɵϸſ
Ǯࡣ
ūڡ
, ﵽﳤúãܰԵߵġ
ٽܣ, һ˵ɷ, оͦʵġ
Ǯ˹ȥ˿ٽܣֿ˿ϣūŵƹһָͷȲϡ
Ȳһָͷٽ, ҪҪеĽָͷϸ۲һ
ôҲ벻ʱ˽
ڸʲô
һ·ɱլӴŶûأһԼȻٶܽ, ˭뵽ͿŭյһĻ, , ¿ǵ۾жôĶ, ǲһ, ˾׼ˡ
ﻹ̵ס, ȥһһŽ߿

߿ĻʵЩ£Ϊʲôһ
ԡ
һš
ޣʵ۷ŭؽеѾǵڶˣҲ̫ˣ
ʵۣ㰡
ҲСԷǻϺϨôһ㣬Ϊ㽫ԼɹɺӣҾͻԭ㣬Ҹ㣬ǻʵۣҲóѵģƴҲף
㣬㣬㣡
ʵ׸ոﻰ˼ˣ𾪵˶ˣ˵£ò˳һ䣬ˡ

Ǯ߷ߣǸ̫࣬ҲʮֽԺõĺ̫࣬Щ̫๬Ů֮İ£ǴմֵģӶġ
ôҲû뵽һ쾹Ȼᱻ
ԩޡ
Ҽ񳤵ôÿôסһ˲ɵ𣿡˵Ȼ飬ǾȻҶֶţǾﲻ⣬ñģ
ٽܣ
Ȼǿ佱ĻǣЩ̫Ծ
ûУ
ҲûУ
ʵͬʱغ
վǰûɵĿ⿴ˣһ䣬ǰʲô
޲һ𣿡˵⻰ʱ򣬿һվߵѾߣ˼Բˡ
ߡ
ֱЦˣһҾһҲҪӵİ
ǻʵۡ
ѵ˶Ļ
ǻãټڿԴ𣿡ƤЦⲻЦؿڣ˲𣬿ûá
׼ߣҪ˵
Ǻǣ˦һЦ
侲ʵȰԼһҪסǷӣˣѾʶˣԣʱԼǳһһŵĺӡӣټӰѹŭı飬ʮ
뵥̸̸
ллԼ̸
ܲܺú˵
ѾԱ߿ſҪĻʵۣʮֲ⣬Сںú˵ΪʲôҪô˵
¾Ϳ˵˵Ҿˡ⻹ǿǻʵ۵ķϣˣѾһġ
ѾԱߵͷ
У
밵
鱨֯
ʵһˣδ⻹û̸꣬ѾѡżɽҪ鱨֯㸺齨

ɴ۾
̫ܹǮ࣬
ʲô
ϵ˼
ٽܺѣٵģǻʵ۵Ŀģֻ
ϣΪڸƨһͿĲҪˣһ䣬ȫ˵ʲô
ҵּ⣬㶮ģ۾ҪԴġʵŬɢΪϣ档
ֱӾЦвĺŶּ⣬ôֱ찡
ﻰĻʵۣ
ԭΪƣϾôĶ֪˭뵽ʱһоԼѪӿҪˡ
ˣϣҪûµĻҾȻؼˣ̻һؼҳԷء
⻰һԡٽܲƹ
ҵŶʵûа취ˣʵǺƽ͵ú̸̸һͲܺú̸ˣǮ࣬ȥ㴫޵ּ⣬ٽܴͻ飬ȵȣ룬˭ҵĹֳֻոǿ
ٽܣ
֪ôྡྷĿˣǹؼ
ͣ
̧֣̫̾ˣȻв¶΢ЦϣҪº
ڿԺú˵𣿡
ͷ
鱨֯ʵľﵽĿǾԲݵġ
˵˵
һܺ˵ӣС˼С飬ϣ˵֮ǰܲԼ
ϿɿڣܺãͷֻҪ̫Ӧģ˵
ǾԺҪٰҵҲҪвҡ
ôУ
Ψһ뵽˼
װεٽܾʵӦιȥܸЩ
⣬еɡ
ǰ˻ʵۣҲԼʸɱȡ
Щ
Щˡ
ЦеؿŻʵۣϣոһֱǿ鱨֯˽𣿡
߸׼˵޵Ȼ֪
ֱӴĻ³˸֮⣬һ㶼˽⣬Ҳüű⣬ҿһһ㡣
ʵ۾һ
￴˵°ɣǸΰĵҼĵһʵۣ˳֮ΪǧһۣҾͲϸ˵ˣûͳһ֮ʱĹҸоΣһ̫Ӹ˺ܴĴۣ¸˵ҵĹԱɹɳǸʱĴ̿ϵͼ
ܻ˵£˶
ͼգ̿ͽŽͼ˵ϳĵطڵͼ򿪣¶ʱ򣬵̿;ǻڵľ룬̿ոǿȻҲգȴʹ̿Զôţ
ʵۣǮ࣬Ѿ
쵽ΣգֻһӾӹ֮ǣĽǵˣ̿úܲҡ
˵һ˿˿Ц⣬ôϣˣ㣬ܻ𣿡
ܵġ
̫Σˡ
ʵڹʹҲôĻѾ͸ˡ
²£Ϊʲôأ
Ѿòˣ϶ǰ֡
Ŀȵؿ
ү
˻ͥɶˣǷӣǲɲ෴ӿܱͥɺҪá
뱣Լ
һʱռλãֱڶûŲ˵ʲô
ܸոǺͻʵ۳ܣ̸Цŵʱﶼûзɾ裬ʵۣȫĶ֣ڰ鱨֯ͼ¶̫ˡ
Իϵв֪ܾˣȴһ¾Ȩʵ۶ûзġ
ʵۿĿӵĻȣ
ȵȣϣڿȴӦңԺ󶼲в𣿡
Ӧ齨鱨֯
ҡͷŶϣ˿ɲ̬ȡ


50 
ʵ۵ɴ۾, ЩԼĶ䣬˵ˣ
ôܣ
ֱǳ˵Σ
ٿǸĵӣľ㣡֪ʲô𣿡
ǻʵ, ôˡ
̫ˣ
ѵ𣿡
ⲻϻ
Ȼ, 㡣
Ҿܾ
Ǹɴࡣ
ʵۿǣֻó֮ǰľ, Ͳȥּ𣿡
㲻, Ǽᶨ˵, ּһ, ôҪİ鱨֯͸ûпˡ
ɹƨɵĻʵ˲Ͳ֪˵ʲôˡ
Ϊ֪Է˵ʵ
֮ǰ׼ôӦԷ, ʱ˿̲ŷûһõϵġ
ô죿
ǫ̂
ϲ˵
Ҳ˵ôЦеؿ
ѾԼӣǽһС˵ʵĿɽԼԿɽ˵ĵ, 
ǮҲڿӡ
ҪΪΧһʱҲ벻õİ취
ٽܣ
û˵ˣ
ʵ̫ˡ
Ϊ˭˵ð
ʵ۵ԽԽ죬Σ, ŭȵȵӿͷͷϵĺˮԽԽ࣬, δ, ˳һֱ£һֱ°ʹ, 䵽ϡ
Ȼͱ˺£

ͺܺ, ôϻʵ۵ģ
Բа
ԷĻϣ
ڽʾ֭취, ڮԼеҪƹˤˣҪ鱨֯ˡ
ֻͷһͷˡ
ô嶯ġ
СĽɽԲʲôȥҵڡ
ҪǣʵеģûУһＫȲƽ⣬ʳҹ¡
ҪʹӦˣ
ԼǻʵۣҪĻеǰ취
̧ͷ
Ŷӻеؿ

̫ˡ
ҪĴӦ
Ժǰ̧ͷ
ʵ۵ԥ
Ǯ඼ȥˣǰԼӲһ꣬ʪһ룬ô
ֳĬһ
ʵ̧ͷһο
εûпˣֻǱ֮ǰƶЭɺޣȻվĵָûнʵ۷ﰡ
Ӧ
ǲӦ
һ⣡
գʵһģ˵ҴӦ㡣
·𿴼ڵϵĳ
ٽܺﶼ⡣
ϡ
ЦһϣʵҲΪ㿼ǵģӦ֪ģвºĸԸ鱨֯жԺٿ㣬ڡ
˵ͣһ£ϲ㣬ϣҿĳ⣬ȻԸĳر㡣
ʵ˵Ǿ仰ʱ򣬻ʵ۾Ҫĸֳֻŵ̬ȡ
Ȼ
ûС
һ
ϾܻȥһѾܼˣȷһΣܲͬѡ
ҲԸһССĽ顣
ֱӾͽ֮ǰߣѿȵȵı鶼ʧˣȫڴͲûдϡ˵֡
ĺ񶪸ͷҡβ͵СŶ
ͦɰġ
ô룬ȴ棬óǮΪ̫࣬ĻȱǲṦΣգƴȥ㣬ȵ𣿡
Ȳˡ
Ŀʵ֪˵Ļ
ǣСǲЩˡ
ƫƫ˵
ơ
ٽܣ
˵׻ǻʵԼ̫ˡ
Ǯࣺ
ԣǸϸ̫ܹˣ
еˣ
ԣҽʹѰңô̫࣬ѡһղĳɣ˽һ£Ժߣʲô鶼ùܣֻİȫ
һֱԼͱĻʵ۵ͷ
Ȼ϶ǲġ
ʵϴ
ȴʱ򿪿˵бīֽ𣿡
ʲô
֪ϷԣҲǺλϵģԣϣܲܽղӦҵдɰֺ֣Ҹӡ£ҵĳѾóˣܲҲҰһ¡˵ʱﻹգ۾ԴʮֿɰؿŻʵۡ
ʵۣ
ôһ԰
ǻʵۣ˵㻰
Լܵ˺޴˵
Σ
Ļһֶš
ȥ׼
⻰ǶǮ˵ġ
ߺȥˡ
ǰε˾һֱŵ̫ҲԺһ

ܸоλЩ
дúܸɴࡣ
ؽӡлʵӡµīɾݸѾܺá
ġ
ѾͷʾףضԼ˭Ҳҵ
ʵһľȻؿˡ
ּڣǸյĹֻϵģؼǣϣҪһڰͬרűİȫ
һʵۣ߾ȻûŵϺŵĸ֣ʵ̫ˣһ涼ûС
ԷĻʵۣ
ĺί
Ҫȥĸְǿѣ˵ȥ׼ԣѡ㡣
գ۾ЦˣϣǲǴҽ˵ʲô㶼Լȥ
ԣ
ʵֱӵͷ
ұ졣Ҳӡ
˵ɡʵѾѵöˣҪǣⷽĲ˽⡣
뵱㡣
ʲôɡ
ӣʵ۵ĿֶšԡĹٽܡ
ͷŻŶԵһ뷨ͻȻԺţҲǲͿʵܲ
ҵɲ١
˵
ոסˣεĽ棬ʵ۸о˶ˣԺڳЩʷ˵ٹ֣Ҳġ
ȣҪҵ񵱳񣬳Ϊķ˿Ҫܼ򵥣ס仰һ䣬ԶǶԵģû˵꣬ʵ۵ͺˡ
ٽֻܾǸӵܣ䵱޵𣿻ԶǶԵģ治һķ裡
ٽܣ
ô˵أ
оЩĪ
ʲô;ԶǶԵġ
ʱ˿̣Щ棬ƤҲôġ
νʼ磬ԣܾҲû̸ˡ
ʵü
ȻԸĽһ춼ܲˣһҪ󰡣
оҪˡ
ٽܵЩͬʵˣʵҲͬ뷨
ʵ˵˵ǷǳҪ¹Ĵ顣
أ
󣬾ͷ衣
ķ費Ϊ֡
Ϊ飬¡
ԡ
ٽһ˲ҲЩԼƽȥˣ˵鲻ǺйصģѵҲǸˣ
ΪٽԶǶԵġ
ǵȻ
ʵЩϢоѣͨôôѰ֮ǰһ̣̣֮ǰŬһһ˵Ҫ޷㵱
ҲҪͦõġ
Ҫ󡣡

˵ìֿʼˡ
ﵹûŻʵֱۣ׳ն崺ݣ©Ľӵ𣿡


51 
롣
ζ롣
, ٽǸ竵̫Ϊˣһ¶߳ܡ
ٽܣ
, ֱӽһˡ
, 룬еʱ䡣˵⻰, Ŀ⿴Լ, , ̫Ҹ, ˯, ÿϧûȻֱҪ̫á
ʵۣ
ôѹ, Ȼٽܡ
ʱҪȥĹٽܵһҡ
Ҫְֵľͺá
ʵ̫ˣ
˵ʱȫûѾغˡ
ѧһûȵõ, һȥѰң֪ԼѧˣȭͷЩӲˡ
ЩΪʲôҪʱűˡ
̫ˡ
첻Ϸ, ñӳš
ܵûص, ͥɻû˿ԥظ״
Ȼ, Ϊҥ, ɫõֱͥӾŭˡ
أ
ȥ
ûл
ܺá

ͲֵǵĿݺ, ˻һҪ
һȾǺþá
ͥɵŭֵڲϵ
ֻȫ֪һؼҽȴʲôĿ籩ꡣ
ܵĿ⡣
ٽûа㲻ڣϾԺΪͬԺĿѾϰˡ
һһվţγһõĻ棬ԶĻʵ۾ӶʹˣͻȻ뵽˲ԾոƺĻֻԷֻ˵һ䣬Ҫꡣ
뵽һ䡣
Щ½䡣

ǻʵۣôֺܻ
ǣһסһҪĻȻ仰û˵ꡣ
￴ʵۣȴ˵һ䣬ԶǶԵģѾ֪ˣڶ䣬ˣʵ۾һһ̣𣬡һǿˣˣˣˣ䣬ʣյһ
ꡣ
ʵ˸һȻ󣬷ŭ֣в
˵仰ػزһ˼
ˣ
ٽܣ
ò̾棬Ȼ֪ΪܵõԷô˵أάȷʵһǳõ顣
ϣ̾һǲҵģҾ㣬仰ʵҲںܶطĳãǻʵۣԶдһǵ´ǵĴùãôܻ᷸

׼ԭرըεӲ֮ԥĻʵۣһô˵ϸ룬Ƿǳеİ
ŭһӾͱˡ
ǵˣо˶ˣǺãĶܸ˵֡
ƫƫҪαһ䣬ҲûôżҲ᷸һЩСġ
ٽԼ
ʵǼƷ
ϡ
Цеؼ˵֪ίõģҵҲôǾԼˣҪİ鱨֯һᾡĽãôһССԸ㲻˵Ļҿ϶ʧӦµģҪĽ𣿡

ȻҪá
ǡ
ҪٽҪҵĻλأҪ췴أҲǶԵģʵŶû
ٽܣ
Ǹ
ϱѾõˣûʲô˼뵱
ЩĻش
ȣҲҼôɵʵۺܺñȼ磬˯ñȹһµ˳ԺҪ̫ƽ껹ãһָɺţ϶ǻʵʧ£ŭ죻﷢ˮʵûã콵µĳͷճɲãʵ۲ˣҲŲǡ
ϿĿ͸֪һ
һĻʵٽܣ
Ȼ̾˹Ŀ࿴
һ̣ʵһģ˵̫ȷˡ
ֻٽͻȻʶֺһ˵Ļ˭ֿܵˣͣ˲ð
Ҫʱ̷ҪλãٸΣԼĹزɵȵȡ˵һ䣬ȻҼҪһµʵ۵ζҲ
ܡ
ʵ붼û룬ʮּᶨؾܾ
ôôء
Цѣôʲô
ðôһ
ʵѪ
ҲܿЦġ
֪ȻԼûжľη𾴣Ҳû췴˼Ҳ
ǻ𣿡
Ц˵ô뷨ȻҪ֧֣Ȼʱܳһ㣬ܹʵġ
ôĿ
ʵ۳
ٽܣ
ȡɽļĿ
ڴţ
У˺ԽԽԶ̸
ʼ磬ûдͣϣȰҵҪȫ˵ԼǰɣΪķ˿ҳΪԼǵһ㣬ұĻÿͣÿдһƪ佱Ҽ£˶ϵ軹ϵ˺ǶҪһʱȥЩǵǻʵۣʱ֪ظЩ˴СЬˣֺͳܵ齻ҡ

ĳˡ
ԼЩ⡣
һ֮ķ˿ߣҪ⣬ԺٳԵİҲӰ첻ĵλ
̫ˡ
ʵۣ
Ҫôֻ࣬Ϊٽܳ档
̫࣬Ӱġ
ٽܣ
߳ܡ
ĻЩʵѣͿʵܷܲӡ
ʱЩˣֻҪЩҲһġʵۿ϶Ļָ
ٽܵã
ٽܱҲ档
úð
⣡
ʵۿٽܣǲ⡣
ٽܣԭܹԷ
ΪȻô
Ϊˡ
øӰ
Ҫ𣿡ܸӣʳ⻰˵ѾӦˡ
Ҫ
á
ʵƽ֮ǰһ£Щ֪㲻ܸ߱ˡ
û⡣
Ӧ˵ӣֺдɡ
ʵΣ
дˡ
ָӡ¡
ڴϵٽܣ
ʵѵû֣Ϊֹһѱû
̫ˡ
ˣʱҲˣҼ񳤵ôÿȥ˻ᵣĵģЦ˵꣬Żɫ̫ã룬ǰһ˵ԺǾһˣһӡΰĻ϶ϲвŭɫĻģҪôײŭҪôЦ滢ЦԽº־Խݡ
ȻˣͲڡ
ôɰĻϿ϶ȵġ
ʵۣﲻһ
ϣӦúú룬ôߵ˲²͸ţȻװӣﻹĵơ
ӣԸˣ޷ʵڳôһ޴ģЩҳ
ʵۣ
ô
Ҷô˵ˣӦÿҵĳɣֻϣϵķϣԺҪѧֶϡ
ȻʹˣҲµġ
ʵۿŵĳ̶Ⱥĳ̶ȸ
˵˵
˵ЩϻʵĮ˵˵׼ߡ
ں


52 
Ǻܸл, ʵ۾Ժʱôһ, Ͳܱ
аɡ
ˣѾԼ, ֱӵͷͿʼ˵
, ʷ, ˿ĺ͵Ӿ, ȫһ
һ˵ü仪Ӣ˲ʵۺ, ԼӵֻĶ, Ǻεȵķ⡣
˵ﻹǵְԼṹ˵ʮϸ
˶ԡ
ȫ֪, Ѿַ졣
ңͥʼȷʵǷǳ, ӶѾ߬
һң˶û
̫ˡ
ǣϻ˵Żʹ˶Ȼ˵㻰, ̫̫ƭ˼𣿡
ͥɵ߶, ̫̫Ҳ, Ϊ糿һʱ˶, 羹Ȼ˯һ̫̫ʵ̫ˡ
ĵڴŶѾͷѧԺ
˲֪Ұȥˣ
ôܲ
̫̫⻰һ˶
ƫƫұģ²ۣҲ˵ֻһַͬһ㲻ԤбֱӺˡ
ȻʱԽԽã˾ԽסҲԽǵġ
ʱѾϴ˯ˡ
Īǳʲô顣
ŭ˲ͥɵϣڼϢҪǶѾͷһҺͶܣ˳ȥҡ
ȥɡ
̫̫֡
˼Ҵҵ뿪ֿ̾ʼӣѾͷһҪƽƽģ˶ء
ʧ٣ȻܴĵңָôĵҥԣȻԼҺѾûʲôˣǻǾܱסһ־һְɡ
˲٣Ǿĵġ
һߣ
ʼʱûСӣûô⣬ˮԺҥԣҲЦЦ
˭뵽׼޵ʱһ䣬ӻûУ
õľûУȻСӻǵһôûлҲû룬ֱԼҹӣɫҰΪС˼˵ԼСԺͶˡ
ǽһ𾪡
ھǸҶӶֵһһԺﻮͿʼֲָõ顣
εʶˡ
һСˣٽû»ãҪ£ֱӿ㡣
˵̾ټԼӣӵȵȣŻѣһ˷سȥˡ
գбʹ
֪ȴ˵ɰĳˣӾʹ򣬵ȻǶǼܳģʱ־󲿷ֶġ
ˣʵû취˾ͽõĻ˵˳Ҳ˵˵˻Դġ
û˴ˡ

ɵӡ
ǵļλ³˵ֻˣֻһ
뵽ˮԺҥԡ
竵ļҳֻͬؿ
ܸӡ
Ի϶ĹģǣôҲû뵽һԼǸһɵСӾȻᱻԣΪһŮӣ
뵽Ǿ䡰ﺰؼҳԷ
ҪУĶʲô鰡
صغһһĨ˼ȥҡ
Իϵ˽⣬ǲΪ˸ԴףҲСɱֵġ
£ĵ㰡
ʹϲ
ҳһš
̫棬еѰҡ
ǶֵþԱ
ôɣˣƼԼʹͳŸԵһʮ·ˡ
Ѿۼһ𣬽һյĺõģӰ¡
ͥɺ˾һۣͬʱͳЦǰ߻ǸģشˣȥĶ
ԪǸֵĺӣٺֿܴر˫۾øͭƵģСɽһѹȸУɾôһǸصصˣҲν֣״Ԫڡ
òȡˣҪԴġ
ˣλ˼пǷʲô飿ֻǶʲôˣ
ͥɺͷһȷˣϴʱڹУ
ɡ
Ҫҵ˲һɡ
ס
Ǵ£
ҵ˵
㣡Ȼ黹ǺʣͥɻǾȷˣϺ꾫˵ǲ£
Ҫ
һһ䣬ˣ㣬ϲ˯һȺܴɢ
ϲ
ҿв
вôæµҪǻؼҳԷ
ͥɣִ򣡡Կ϶ԷǹģΪǾ仰ѾֹһˣߣӾ׼ɼܡ
ѽ˭㣡

Ԫ֪ǹģҲûв𴩣һ䣺λˡ
˵꣬һ֣ж뿪
һߣ˾ֽͣţҿٵȨףͬʱ˵һ𡣡
ǶӣŮĺͻʵһġ
ԼҺӵӡ
Ǻǡ
һΪǻʵǾͻģǼˣͥ뵽ԼǲТŮҲǲܵġ
ԣǱҪһҵԼҺӣûչ޷ʰ֮ǰѸٵؽ
뷨һһ·ɲԸ
һ䣬ˣܲǷŮҶԶ㣬𣿡
ֱͥӾըˡ
Ǻǣ⻰Ҳ˵ģҪӱȥԺѧˣѧᵱ꾫֪ô˻꣬ʲôҲûѧ
⻰˰ҶôãҲҵķӺãΪʲôŮѧҿǸˮԺķˡ
գϺ꾫
ͥɣϲҪ

ﶼȥһҪúõظԼҺӣԷҵԶ㡣
һߣ˵ꡣ
Щ齨ٶȴôһʵһļͣȫ˲ǰйرľ
ԭǰ鱨֯ԼеĻҪ
ǰ֪ã˵ˣﻹ̵ס۲ÿˮҪˡ
ٽҲ
ɽʱһ֧飬϶ࡣ

ΪʲôϱһӡûС
ԣӼĳ뵽һ飬װԵָ΢Ķһ£ֻû˲ѡ
˺ƼһƾǵʱеȫսŮȫϵ
ĵڶ죬˵ʬȫʧƷڱжڱһֽţΪ
Ǹʱֱ¾ʱڣ˭ͷʬ
ʱٽܾа˳ɵĿ
ڹ򾩳ǰ˲ңûнһȥȪׯӾϢĶϡ
ôΪʲôһӣȫһˣ
˵һ˴𰸣ֻ־úǲ˼顣
żƨ￴ŻʵȲģֱӺ˻ڿڸӺܶؼҺˮԷڣ̣ϣô̧ҼģСظ̧ϣҽͻȥ
Ŷ
ô
ڳ˶о
Ҫ֮ǰʵۿ϶Ϊӱ˵ˣоȫûнһ֮ȻҺ
ڲһˡ
ɷضҲûʲôоΪĲǴŽ֡
񼤵еĻʵʶԷʲô̬תǽһ찡ЦӯӯؿŷŽĹʮ͵ؿڣʲôʱʼ֣ʵҲ̫żҪǺپյĴɱžء
Ǯࣺ
ϱūµúܡ
Ĺأ
ʵ̫ˣҲᵱġ
Ž
ͳ
Ҹоһ㶼Ͽʵ۲ֻҪӵһֻ飬Ĺ϶ܳǰеĻʵۣΪеǧһۡ
뵫ǻʵۣû˾ܾջ
ԣԺ
ٽܵǶʵ۵飬ǻǰԼҲʿԳȥύ
Ȼ΢΢۾ЦʮֳªĻʵۡ
ߡ
Ǿġ
ۣ۾ˡ


53 
ࡣ
ͶѾȴûʵ̬Ȳ, ź˳ۣ̬Ҳô͵, û±ʵ۾Ӧлʵ۵Ծ, ٺܶΣյġ
Ҫȥ࿴ս硣

ôһ˷ܡ
, ͨվ, 鱨, ޼عսֿ˧̼

ҪǲԲ, һֱԹʵİ, սϷǿ϶·

̬תͻȻʶ, пΪ黹ࣿ
ٽһα̧
һ˳, Ӱ߲Ժӣ̧ͷ״˶һѾôˣ
޵ÿЩȥӵġʵۼҴҵؿ˵
ͷ, ãǽϷҹ, һջ, , ʲôǻʵֻۣҪû£Ҳˣ˭𣿡˵һ񣬡ҲŲңͥɴʱ϶űڼء
ᱻİɡ
ٽܱϣͶѾ棬ˡ
Żʵۻ֣Ȼӱӡ
ƽȵ뿪
Ȼ򵥣ѰĹᡣʵ̾
Ǯࣺ
ص
ֻѾߵְ̫ˣӼݳȻԱŵġ
ʹݳҲӦŲ񻰵ġ
˳صĸۡǰͣǰ͵͵ƿӣĬĬ͵͵һۣôۣ
һ۾Ϳ˺ܾá
ֲƿðһڶţҪ֣һ£ľԲ
ôһ룬۾Ͷ֣̿ˮؽԼצ˹ȥ
ٽܣʲôÿģⶼ೤ʱˣû
ԼĳȫŻȥվӡ
ϸһƤҵжÿ
סצһؿڿҪʱͣ£һҧצȭʳָڶԷֱϵһ£о˱ͽצ˻ߴŶѾߣߡ
ձܵĽŲ
ٽ۾֣Ҳûʲô˲ðͨ
ʲôˣ
ûͣڹſڣԶһĵطڸѰҵһ˾Żѹѯʡ
ٽ룬һεװԡ
Ҳ֪ԼΪʲôҪô
һʱ𣬾úɡ
ӣ
ƿˣ˶Żˣɵʵ̫ˣһۿȥͻ뵽Ľ

һܳԶͣԼʳָЦ
ѾһԿԼСЦúܿģ֮ѵС㣬ʱɲˡ
û¡
ָٿɫ죬Ҫ򣬶Ѿ·ȥһ㰤ᡣ
á
ѾʵС㣬ôϲƹ𣿡
ǵȻ
Ƶš
ϲʲô
ǿ뵽;úܿİɡʵҲףѾȵôһǰһĶ˳۵ʱͻ׵ġ
𣿡
еģʱѾͻףôһ˵ĴǶôҸҪʲôҲҪκεĻرֻΪգΪΪײǽҸðݡ
Ҫǻˣ߲أ
ѾҪԼ۹⡣

ѾһӶܻˡ
ϵߵУһ·תǴͰ˾ϲ
Ͷͥˡ

ǰӴĶ飬ӳ׵˱̾Цݣܻü
ͥɿˣһŭ͸Ŵϣһԣһ᲻ȣ
ܶˡ
һ̣ŮҪܣһġ

ܡ
׵ˣϴҴˡ
һȥ
ڱͣãվûСտЦ
ȵȣҶأѯʡ
ƹѾؼˡ
˵꣬ͱԼҴһѣ⵹ùãɫ
ʱܱˡ

Ҳġ
ǸѾŭյ׵ôˡ
һ·϶ܳĬ
ȵ˼ңֱӱãѾһģ׼ȥԼͬܿ࣬ɱˣ֮ǰһĪı顣
Ѿͷû°ɣϷ˷·飬´
û°ô˯ҹá
ߣͥһõúܣҵʱɢأ
Ů쿴
ӳͥɵûһʡϣ˲ұߵֱϾͳһѪۣ㻹֪ԼǸ𣿴ҹؼ𣿡
ԭЩҪֹ˽˻ȥӲĳȷʵǸô̫ˡ
ɿĳĶ°
رһεεСϳһˣܵý
Ϸ˲ͣתķ顣
ž
һޡ
ֶһ˿ڡ
ҲгϢô֪ˣҵĴЩûл˼㣬ǣܲ΢ģŷ˴ɱ㲻֪沢ȫ𣿻ǲ֪˵ĵİ˵ŻʱͥۿЩ죬̿͵ûôͽıûץһǵùϣǺֱ롣
ѰҵĹУԣĵľ
ǿһֱŵġ
ĺۣһ͸оˣ֮ǰ׵ȫһ
ô׵Ҫһ㡣
ʹ̧ͷͿ׵˫۾
ûпޡ
ɿŴʱ׵ͻȻܣ׵ӵģӦ˳ᢣ̸Цֻҷǰķﰡ
㲻̫˱ʱҲܿɰ
ҰɣûҵĴǧ޳ۡ
ܲ˵ġ
ӣС˵
û˵ٻ׵⸱ϸ˫ͨĵģǳϲСڸۡ
׼ٴͥɣһ⻰ֶˡ
׹Ů
ôһоûС
ֻǣһܣεҲ׵ط£򣬶ѾͷԺӵ޷졣
ôܻޣ
Ц
ǾԲ޵ġ
ҵŮΪжһ״ʮ⣬ӹúҸģŶӵŮ˵ĻǾٷ˵̫̫۽Ҳˮ˵гĴĸŮʱѾ޵ˡ
۰ͥɵģ絶
Ϊ˵⻰ҾͲ㣬첻ݺݽѵһ٣ʶԼĴҾͲ䵱
˵꣬һֻȥ
˶Ŀοడ
ĵո˵ĶѾͷҲǲТˣΪʲôҪĥ
۾ĸôˣΪģ壬ҹţֵܽһû˯ܲ΢һ밡


54 
ۿűһҪ䵽ʱ, ͻȻǰһӡ
ǳɫĳֱӱƣѪ˳, ɼͥж
ҧסĶҲ, һСҰӶûнʹܵʹЩڸոû
ʹٳûг, ۾, ͿһϤıӰ, ǿ׳ȴ쳣ıֱᶨ
ɴ۾, 㶵ز֪˵ʲô, ֻ૵ؽһ硣
Ҫ췴𣿸ÿͥűӺ, û˿һֶֻ

ֱӾ͹ˣ, 壬ҲдûöãҰɡ

￴ǰ벻ʲô, 翴ŲɵΪʲôҪ

浾ﻹס, ܹԼҸ, Ҳд, Ϊ㣬ûн̺öãҪʹҰɡ

Ҳܹˡ
ⱻζܰ
ôŰ
ôƯĴô԰ӦЦţдд֣٣ֻҪǱͺá
׵һȥܾͻιȥġ
У
̫ˡ
ôһ룬˫һ˧λѾվǰſֱۣһߵ̬
ŶãϰĵطڵѪЩЩοʱ¸վ˵õıԻǺܺõģ㹻ˡ
ô롣
ͥɱϺΪһףŶŮôమһеǺܸ˵ġ
Ҳͬ뷨
Դ㡣˵ܷܷܲסģҪʹ򡣡
˵ͣһ¡
һתǸҡȥʹ磬˵꣬ͷߵ֣ұƣ¶˳

ͥɣ
ˣ
ˡ
һ˲еɸԼѹȫʧˣһɴ۾
ôô޳ܣ
˵Сĺӱһ˲ĴͣãȻԼί
û
ɨһ磬Щ飬ΪϲŸܽھ¶ҺʹֳӦţޣҲܣʹǧţġ

˻
ʲôжģ
˭ǳġ
ľȻؿվѡĬϣжٵĻһֶû˵˭ոһ˳
ʱܹԻۿŶñġ
ѾͷͲֵͬ顣
ͥɺ
˶֪˵ʲôá
Ժﵹһ飬ҵôôһҪĹ
ˡ̫̫ڣϴ󣬱ʵô£ѾͷֻѧһֱڲŻĻ˭ǰҲûá
ˡ
ոһĻǲŲɵɵȥء
š
صͷⲻܹңǻϵĴҼвң㿴
۸ɸƵôܻôؼ֤ݣ˵ͽǱͰ͵ŵ˹ȥ
Ȼģ
ԼҶá
ҲڿȻˮԺҥҲ˵ˡ
㣬Ķһ飬Ϊ˼㣬ΪһȻգðΣȥԺʫոջڿ޵۷ؿһģǶأڻϺƹ֮䣬ѡ˭
죡
ͥɺǳһͣüͷŵֽڲﱬֻƨʫ
ּȷʵǻϵİ
￴
ʫ
ʵ۶һ飡
ĶĶ
ã˵˵ҵ⻰˵Դǡ
Ͽƽع֮ͥɲſʵ
š
˵ĻӦѾڹˡ
Ѿͷ
ͥĿ⸴ӵؿǰųأۻʲô˼Ҷϣﲻʺ㣬Ժ۷ʲô飬취ﴫϢ˵ʱֻ֪ܴҪĿ϶뵽취ģǲľսصţҲٱˣ𣿡
ҾԲġ
룬Ϊ˱ԼľģΪ˻ϺãҲܽһ̲סջʹģҺпֱܻӡ
˵˫һݺݵӶ
ȥһ֮
⻰ͥñˣǶ治Ȼϡ
ϵˣסˣ˵ԺҲôΣյ뷨
ԭҪٽԶһЩ룬ٵȵȰɡ
ôһṫĿҲǻ£ٲעŵĵط
ʱˣȥϢɣ˾ͻԼԺӳԵ㶫
һӲҪ
뵽üͷø

ߵͥǰһ̣˫ֱۣӾ͸һܱлл㣬ұ֤һһȸﴫϢġ
ͥɵһѾͷĻȴǵġ
ȥͺá

԰
ˣǶѧȥˡ
ſѵ⣬סˣѵöѾͷôɣļ򣬡ס˾ͺá

ɿͥɣֱӶıӣڵԶһ˦ű棬һߵشСӹˣһȥͽʬΣԺôң
ոյ鱻Ĳٵһɶ
ң
ͥɺ

˵⻰ʱһֻק磬ߣõҩȥҩȻһΪǱ𡣡

ЦݲŵĶãðɣʶĶá
ˡ
ˡ
˳ŶԷ뿪
ڣ˶ͥɣüͷѾɿ¶һǸ߹ĲмЦݣʯʯ֮ǰıٸȥʮʮ
ˣ
ֵͦġ
ϸһ£ÿ¹ضѾͷĪЦĽβġ
㣡
ôʱ̫̫ͻȻôһ˸߶Ѿͷϼ˶
Σ˵Ŀⶼ̫̫ͣϣ
Ѿͷжɡ
š
ҪԶ㣬һϰ̫̫ͱˣ̫ˣ
ﰤӣҩϴܿͽ硣
һߵĹһȺ˾ۼٽܵķУڴûеʱ˹
Ǻһ꺮ů
׷ʲô顣
װõٽܴʱһɵӸģǰǹˣȥé޵·˻ϣóǸţˣ֮ҵӣٺҾʲô֪ˡ
£
Ƽﶼд𰸡
߶ӵΪʲô
ԺԶһЩòãһĵؿڡ
Ϊʲô
ôʣһȺ㣬ĪŮҲкøС
Ȼһ̡
Ҿͦġ
Ŷı飬һ˶˵ΪʵۿˣҪ֪֮Ļ
û£Ϲ˵ġ
һ˰ɣúϢ
š
ٽܵͷ


55 
һӺ, һȺ뿪ٽܵԺӡ
үûлϣҲŵ, ǸӣôҼôɵС
Ȼ, ﲢϹѡϱı׼
⻹ûӰ飬Ҳ̫żˡЦ˵, Է˵ʲô, , ˣǻȥϢɡ
˼״Ҳס졣
˿˵ƽġ
ʱĻʵͷҪըˣǱɹЩƤЩҲǱҧİû˶¶
ôһһ, ޵ǽһľ, ֪ĻΪϾҪݱˡ
ò׸̫ҽ꣬Ϻҩӭ˺һը
ĸ, Ĳϲ
⻰Ѿ֪˵˶ٱ飬Ϊʲôǲء
ΪʲôҪȥԺʫ̫Ȼ, 㻹ǵ𣿻ǵĴ̿Ͳûȫץס㻹ǵԼһ֮Ҫиһô죿ô죿
ǵãǵã޼ǵá
ʵͷϿҵػش, ĸ֪ˡ
ΪʲôҪ, ôġ
ʵۣ
ƣ

ôƻˡ
, , ޵ţ´αϣһǡ
ϣϲûģʱǲʰĻʺӹ̫ĻֻϣϻǵǴѵҪǵĻʶٴϵξأҲˡ
ʵۣ
ֱ̫Ӿŭˡ
ŵ亹ֱʺ˵ʲôѵ˳̫ˣֱӾͺ˳޶˵޲ϲôܽ󹬣Ҫô˵ǲŰ
Ȼ󹬵Ůǰ̫󶼲
ʵ۲֪ǿʼòӦһѵŮˣŵԲ빬Ѿϳʱ䡣
µһֿʼˡ
ʷһ˼ѪƵģץ鲻ţ˵ǽһĭڷɣпࡣ
ϵĻʵѾ˱ıԵ
ӽͣ˵ûУûŮ֮顣
ֻϧûŲ˵ֱʷץסΪһ㿪ʼ
޿뵽˵Ļñȼ磬˯ñȹڵأ
һ⣬һֱûнʳû˯ûаϢʱ䣬Ϊ˭²˵һ¡
ûһ˹ģ۲Ҳˡ
ָ𣬻ָ
ڿǻʵ۸ΣΣ
ԽԽۣҲԽܣȻ仰ʹԺð˳ֱӾͱˣغˣ˵ûоûУǻʵۻǻʵ۰
ΪͻȻʷס죬ð
Ϣʷǵ죬۾Ҳһȿֺؿڣݵ䣬ӣһѻʵ˵޵ݣϿϴͲưոݵģ

ֶĻʵھˣʷǣﶼʼð໰ģ㲻˵ҪȺ˵ȥвУֱӰãһ䣬а޾ϲôˣ
֮ǰ˵ô෴滰ûţһٻǵˣʵЩˣ֮ǰôҵҵصһûʵۣôЩһҲҷɣȺôֵ
ֻˣʷǻûзŹǡӲΣǽ֮¡ʵ۲ܳԶŮ˽顱ʼҵϺεҪȵȷ湥
ûʵֻһͷʵ뵱ˡ
ǣӣƣϼҪô͵һ߿޻һʵ˵ð˵ã޵ʵۣ޲ˣòãôܸɣεʵָƣòã
˵ֱվ߿ڳһĨһ߿˵ǲǶú𣿿
ʷɵˣ
ôǾȻѻ˵ˣ
ǰʵ۲ǺĵţﲻͬҲº͵رʾ֪ˣԺһעȵĻ
⣬⣬⡣
һ
ڸôճ

òͷ佫һɱ⡣
ʵûʵ˵ûϲһôˣ
Ӱͳˡ
պͶͬʱ˵⻰ʱ
ʷһ亹˫һֱӹ˴֮ϣȻǴûҪʵۣϸڳ˵ĻոջϵĻҲ˰֣̿
ʲôʱôˡ
ҪĴﰡ
ô˵ͷͷǵĲ뵱ʵˡһƣֱӾڵϣ޵ǰﱻɱϻعһֱڲһףһۣ糯ޱ̿͵飬أƨ鲻š
ãʵۻеװĳɷ֣Խ˵ԽԼ˵޲ϲǲţ˵ϲǻ˵ޣôޣ޵Ҫô˵Ŷ԰أǲǿƢã۸

󳼶
ʷǸǷˡ
Ϊʵ˵ĺʵ
ΪҳͥﶼЩþϺͦġ
ԼҹŮȻĴ򣬿ɳʳͷԸ˸׼ŵģʱǶеģ̫ҽȻûϣҲԷһģ糯֮ǰȥһۣմ̫أŮֲʡ
ȻĵǶģѾͷ˯˲棬ˮ˳ʱ򣬻˵λҰ׷ϣʱĺ뽫һ٣ҲôŮУʹѾͷԭûûΣƤúܣҲʹһʹϣҲǰ˼ء
ǶûǶһɵӺòã
ʵۿ޵øˣ޺۸Բԣһ˵޵ʱ򣬾ûпǹûԼ飬ء
Եʵۺ󣬲Ƭ̵Ļķϣһֱҵҵڿҿңյ޳е嶯ˣǿ޵޲㱨ӦأʵָĴ󳼣һ޵ĳ𣿲֪Ϊ޵أƢãûӣһа޷𣿡
ûУһûУǳûǺ󹬣ûһ˹޵ģ
˵ʵվ˦ӴغǵҪôҪ޲𣿰

˵Ĵ󳼶ʼʷһôӣǰһƬڰ
ͷ侲˵ĻֱӾԼ͡
ȷʵⲢǾʧ˵ӵķִ簡
ޣޡ
ֽ̫ͣһûԷû˯ʵǰһڣֱµ
֪ǮԼӵĻ޵û鴤ڿһĻ󣬸ŵûɢȥþȫŽϷãŶԷ׵촽֮ǰĳֱӱ˺ޣϣϡ
µĴǻˡ
̧ͷһֱӵˡ
ʷǸе
Ǯϸ˺ѷΣ޺޵صЩʷǣҸǣҪǻиһҾƴһҲҪͬھ϶ǱƳˣ𣿡


56 
ס, ˵ʲôȥ̫ҽ
пǰسǰȻ, Ҳû뵽Ȼ, ҲһֱԹ۵ġ
š
ǻ᲻̫ˣ
ʵһֱǸú, ڷܺѧ, Т˳
˵ʵ, ȷʵۡ
ΪͻȻüȻиҪúչ˻ʵǡ¹سõĴ£ǶᾡĽ˵赽˵ĳ̶Ⱥͻ˵
Сֲ, ûԼ
糯ԽԽŵʷ, ʵֻǴĥʵۣʹɳĹ߶ѡ
֮ǰĴɱѾһ˭֪컹ֳ
سǿʼʡ
ûʲôȻϵҪ, Щʷǣºô˶ԡ
ҳһ, ΪٵʷǶԱһȦӣڵϡ
ǺѲǰľ·һ
ʵʵڱǮŵʱ˾ˣΪһͳ, ʫѬճŸոնȺȻʹĳ, ʹԸ۾, Ҳ֪ʲôȥԡ
ˣ
ʵ̫ˣ
, ĵһװΡ
װװţû˯ڱ̧޹·Ͼ˯ˡ
һӺ̫ҽ̫󣬻ʺԼس׺ݵĿ¸ϰ
̫ܽҽԺľûҽƽӹġ
˵ڸģǾ̫ҽԺˮƽһģž°׺ӵ̫ҽţžͱ
̫ҽΣ̫ǽţʻŲ
ȿȡ̫ҽɿſʼ˯ˡ
һ޹ˣ
˶ϵĻʵΨǮڿޣö۰ڳ϶˯ţίȻЩ˵ǣⲢͲϴ򱧲ƽǻϣΪʲôΪϵȴùѹֻϲ뵱ʵˣǸӺٽǸ竻ڣϣʵ̫ˡ
˯ŵĻʵμԼݽһȺħִĿ캰أϸЩĵνħֶһźͳָʷһģһǳ켫ˣΨһĲһֻһֱĶ˽УЩˡ
޹ἰķӺ竼ҳͥɺյõ˵Ŀ⡣
ͥɺգ
Īʲôϵ
ʵڳε½̫Żˣ⻰ҲʼԼǲǶԶ̫ˣ˶ҪȥǸɼʮϲġ
̫ҽ˵˯ˣǺ۶ӵڻȫԼҺӵĺã̿ŬТ˳ºͣƢҲܺãʱ˿벻ʵʲôȱ㣬ôַԼѵһϲĹд
ΪʲôҪǧټƵֹ빬͸أ
ȻҲЩ棬ϵһϲĹﳤʲôӣ
ǿ˵ˣҳô㣬ɼзǶһλͻʶصĺù
̫Ļͥɵһ
ڻεʱϵôչȻĥôίܾȻ̫ᣬˣȥԺּܲＴ̽
һּ̫ߡ
ˣͥΣֻվ˵̫ĻҹǺ˯ҾӸѧõռ٣ڼϢϢʱڼС
Ȼһû˵ٽ竿϶ҲҪ˯϶ȥѧ仰ѾͷԲȥԺġ
һĬĬʱǳ鴤
̫߳Ųһ٣ͷ̫ͷżߡ
ͥһϧ
Ҫ̫ΪѾͷֹ̫ͣҪ뷨ͺˡ
ءǮĵĿٴ𣬡òҰӻصͱݲУƬҲͣٿڻһֻһ˯ţãĸס
̫󣺡
Ǯ࣬˰ĵĻҪ˵ˣǼ˰Ū㣡
˵ȷʵġ
̫ţ̫ˣ̫ҽȷʵԷûУҪҪϢһ

ԺҪעġ
ˮԺʶͥľ˵֮¡Ц˵ˣǧ۰Ҳ֪ν˯ǲǱ²˴
ˣ㲻ҪſڴƻƣҼҶѾͷôɰôôͥɾסĴȸ
𣿡
֮¡Բš
۵Ѿ𴲣ܵȥ˶緹̫ҲѾˡ
ǣ˶ڿʼ
ԣ㣬УܺãɣԼһֻɷС񣬾չԼĳ򡭡ºͶԺʱ̫̫ԼԺϰ˽״̬һϳֳ׺͵ı飬Ÿֻ
ּ̫ܲൽʱǸոһ
ʱϴһװɫ޿ɵֻ̫ǰһֱɫ÷ޣͬɫĲЬһͷľӹ̶ţǳƮݡ
Ҳһףֻɫͬѡ
Ϊ鸮ֵ̫̫߱Ѿһģһĸɫװ˰ɫòԺ˶ɫһףڿʼǰﻹ̾һ䣬̣һ̶ȵʱȥҸõľռ䣬һ٤һôǻʳȻÿòòˡ
һ˵ûʲôµ̫̫ȴסˣʼżûʲôطѡ
ò˵·٤Ǳ֮ǰҪ
̫ߵּ̫ܲȻǲҵġ
Ȼһ³ȥˣĹС㶼ѧŵһֱӾȥ̫̫
˵ͷӦЩģΨʫеҸ֮ڣõȫ֪׵ʷʱڳôϣŷ˵ĥȴС
̫ߵܹ˵ּ̫ܲߵúܼ
̫̫ԼҶѾͷҪȥ·ȥӦš
ạ̃ϢһϴҽûôûˮȥҲû⡣˵ʹͬŵѾ˳ȥ̫̫ıӰ죬ջǷˣţ̫ͻȻжѾͷͻйϵ˷񲣬쳣һ㱻ϵĿҪһЩ
ܹ˵Ǹӡ
ǣôҲû뵽Ѿ赽˴¾˵ĵز
˫۵ɴ󣬸ոպȽĲһ˳
̫Ȼ̽Ҳ̫ʧˣǣܹѵȥһ·
á
΢ЦѧҴʱĶ񣬡ͷԵƬ̡
̬û⣬˵û⣬û⣬ܹȴѾûˣļǧС㴩һ»ܲŲæضׯ񰡣ⱾЩòá
Ҳûйʱ䣬صԺӣһ̣ɫ£ɫȹӣɫЬӣɫͷƤķԼɢĲͷ׺ɫҶӣһϲԲ˵ܹ֮ľıһĲɫ
ˡ
һӼƽʲô
߰ɡ


57 
һ, ʵ޹ڣ˶ڰеصţ·ǲǳÿд깫Ĵ, һٺ»µɢԱһ㣬һԴ˵еӲ˼ĺС
ͥɲû, Ȼûʲô󰭣Ǿ͸ȥԵ, Ƶ￴֡
ɲ뿪ĴȻҲ뵽ûʵɡ
ҵõȻܶԵȻʵС
û˵öԡ
ҵһ

ͥɣ
һ, ǲǾ˵ȫûнȻʵи, Ǽ˶Ӣ
뵽Ѿͷ, ͸оͷۡ
Ĳܰƶϵ, ĴϺȫá
һܲ˵, , ͷһ
, һͳţӻû
۾ؿܣҵֵĹߡ
֮¡˶һһ, ͵ſЦ
ҲʱܹѾ߽
£
Ѿ׼Ĵǣ̫󣬻ʺһѼܾ˵Ŀű飬ҪгĻǹѾˡ
̵һ, , ޣ
Ǻ̵һ, ȱ˳Իǲ˳Ե̫, Żһ̳
ԡ
ؼǻϾȻϲĹ
Ȼͷ˯ŵĻʵۣ̫ҽ۾ɣ
ֿ˿
ţٴȷǻŻʵ۵۾вҪΡ
ڼ֮ǰֻ̫ҪԼҶϲﲻϴҹŮı׼龫һҲܽܵģɵߺǿϣ۾µСѳһڰЦʱʲôǲڵġ
УܣԭĹ۵㣬Բġ
̫
裬׼ˣͥɵϣ̫ͷΥĵһ䣬Ǹ־Ĺÿʡ
˵ʶԾɿһ̣־Լ˵û
Ĵָ̫̾õʵ̫ˡ
ͥɣ
һ۹Ůһɫ
ͦ
һôôС֡
л̫佱
Ƕ仨ѳ˲õЦݡ
ϵϲʲô

Ҫڻ߶Щˡ
Ц̫һʱ䲻֪˵ʲôˡ
Ѿͷȥ𣿡֮¡ͻȻһ䡣
ͥһ˶Էһۣ鶨һֱ
ûаҵôãôܻңֻܵģ֪ô̵ӵĸĸŻѹ
Դ˵Ϊʲôôʣ
۽ǿ׵ղŽŵģúЦֲɵӣԷҪЦģ˵ֲʲôֵý飬ΪʲôҪһˡ
ȻҲάͬʱд˽ʱ׵ᷢ
ºˣº˵
֮¡ţû֤ݡ
ͥɣ
ˡ
ƽˡ
С¡
Ͼڽ̵Ѿͷ˵ܣȷʵҲͦġ
ء
Ǯֿˡ
ȻǼһ
ˣ
ʵ۾ˣȴȻڶߣֱӿ˵
~ã
ΪסǮֱӴһöʵؿŻʵۣϣˣūˣҪиһūſô
ˣⲻû𣿡
һ޹ˣڿʱɴ۾Ϊʲô
ţ·ĺۡ
ģͱ˶ϲ
̫ҽϿ۾ֱ̫ӿ˵
ʵ£
ô
۾úõİ
̫ܲûϳԵ㶫ѾһûԶˡǮ̲סڡ
̫Ǯࡣ
ŲΪϲôһ۾ëûнʳ顣
Լ׶ôܲ
̾ȻĿ֮ǰӴڼǰͷϳƬװõɫҶ˹ȥҪʵڶúܵĻͰǿ˰ɣ
У
ˣ
˰ɣ
ʵһλĶ⣬ָƬҶֶڶ뵽ƽҪιأϾڿ
˵һܴôܻл˼
ǣ¶΢ЦؿھܾллҲϲҶ
ԭΪﶯ𾪵еٿһĻһ°ͶҪˣԺͻȻðһǿµ뷨ϲǱȾˣҲЩ˰ɡ
뵽֮ǰڳϿֵΪ
˵
ͦġ
Ҫô죿
š
Ͻ˰򣬻ʵۻԽԽġ
̫Ҳͬ뷨׼ڣ˵˵㱻۸ˣ
Ȼû磬ʵҲ˵
ʵ۱ЩΡ

ͷ̾ΪʲôҪΣ޾ͿޣֻҪǿ޵ú޼ֵͿ˰
Ļʵһ㶡
ûп
޵мֵ
ʵۿʼ˼ͷܵ˵Ƕң
˭
Щʷǡ
ŶǵְҪ⡣
ܡ
Ǹܰ㲻֪ôɣ
ѹֻʵôɰô˵ҲһˣһֱվţԷĹͷǻʵۣҪȡʷǵܵĻ͸ʷǵֵֶСЬһΣʹһΣһûʵۻҪԹģСЬǴСЬʷǵĻ㻹Ҫġ
ʵ̧ͷ𾪵ؿ
ˣ
ǾĻдʵд󲿷˶ģɵô˵ĺ
һ㶼ֻ˵
˿ǿ̹ٿͥɡ
š
ǲҲһϵĽ̵з
ϾȻҪúʵ۵ģɵֻǳӣһЩ˵ڵֶĻЩ治֪ô˵˶УϾҲ»ѧԺ󣬻ὫЩֶϡ
ǲ顣
Ƥ߯ˣӵĶԹ
УҪţеĴУΨʷǶĵġ
ǣ
Ǳʾͬʱͥɡ
ͥ£ɣʲô
С˼
ｫ˻Լļôһίܻȡϵ죬ܣ϶ǷǳԸġ
Ͽ
ϸĻ߼ûⰡ
һ̣оԼѧ˲֪ʶ
Ĵǣһͷȷʵʷģġ
ҪǲԸأ
ڻʵ۵ʷŸʲôɱ𣿡Цݲõ˵˲żüãĵģȻҪĵʷˡ
ɵɵ
Ҫ˵ôס

ⲻǵʱ
һ룬ڻͦæģȣɹ˪̸࣬д٤׿Щн飬ԤУһȥ
ĻʵۣǺæ
ǵý顣
ˣô
̫˵Ҫҡ
̫󣺡
Ѿˡ
ʵۿ˿ֿ̫һӵĴ󳼣ѯʣǶæ𣿡
ˣ׼֧
΢æ
һȺ˵ⲻûϺദϲܸˣ޷һʵ۴һɫϳʱĳǻһӶصġ
ʵۺȺ˶ôˣ


58 
Ǻͥһġ
ʱһȺ˶һı, ͥЩþ
ģһùŮЩߣ˻ʵ۵ģ, ë
ˡ
һ£ѾͷӦòٽˡ
ȥԺȥԺ, ȥֱӻؼң𵽴, ̿͵ͬɲǿЦġ
˿ǰĹŮоԼвٲģ֮ңң, , Ѿͷ, ҪԵ, µ㣡òã
á
ˬشӦ, ȻЦ˵, üͷ, ġ
Ͻ߰ɡ
ֱͥӻ֡
ЦǺǵϵ·
ţǸعص, ȥԺһҪѧӷԣȻؼһˣǿӽʱ˳ڼԸ緹˯, ȥѧ
Ժ, 褺ǿ, ʼϲʱ, ŵĪǻҲһݵġ
֤ˡ
Ŀˡ
벻ͨΪʲôᷢôƵ顣
ǸŮķӣôܻ˿
Ȼ벻ףʵѾǰֻܽܣȻ۾һϲôǲҲȫԼ֮ҥˡ
ٿĪζʵ̫ˡ
һһ٣һ˺ԼһͲرˡ
û
ҥԳƲֵһӾ;
ôҲû뵽ѧصҾ͵õ׵״
ʲô
褴УֺףǻԼǲǱģȻѧϰִţʽʦ֣Ƿ˰ɣҰΪʦƾʲôҲҪ
ƾûõ򲻹
誳һؿڣ㲻ö֮ǰ飬һȥҲٶۣأʱҪһȰǿҲᶪֲ㶪
˰
򲻹ˡ
۵ǣˣһӵĳ衣
ҲûҪʦ
ǻ˺òã
һǲͬ⡣ֱӾܾҪĳʦͽԺô졣
ʵϣ֪Ƕ誳оͺ֮¡˵뷨߾ܾˡ
֮¡ڻʹһμͻȻ;ԼҪǷӵһ룬Ժᵣɵӱ۸ƭˡ
Ƿӡ
ϸ룬Թ
ûС
ã

ҲûС
Ʒ񲣬ʵǻڵġ
ûͥôĹŮɶӾͲһˣӶСӵĽ̵оȴ̶ѣԣϸһͬӵ顣
Ǵӽһͣе
֮¡Ļ۾ɵøϵⶼڲΪӵܣȷʵûǮôȥ棬ʲôȤ
ǲģб¾Ͷ
ҸȷʵǲֵܼǸʱ
ߣ
ڶѧѧſ褣õ˶Էһصߡ
Ƶ
ɣ
úܣͲƽˡ
顣
˿
Ѫʱֻ崺
ڹΰΣҲŬȻͿסˡ
򰡣
Ṧ
һ㶼˽⡣
װٿᣬǴһȺϣ̫̣ˡ
ûϵҴ硣
ͻȻԹȤĶãֱӿ˵ڿʼѧѾˡ
ҾҪۿ磬һ
Ǻ
һô绹ԸһԾԶ
ͦġ
ǡ
̤ѩ޺ۣˮƯһέɽȵȣ㲻𣿡еĲЩԶ
Ŷһʧı飬Ĭʾ˵
ѯࡣ
˻켣վԹ˽Щ󰡣
Щﾫ׵ĹûС
Ǻʧ
ļƻ黹ҪһЩ
һ춼ڿĿ棬ϼӰļƻ飬ϵͳ㲻˵ֻҪѧϰʲô𣿡
ǿ϶ġ
𣿡
ϵͳȻС
һĽֺƷҹܻеĲࡣ

ϵͳе
һתҩ𣿾ǳһмʮֲƷ
С
ϵͳ
û𣿡
Ҳһʣƽϵͳôţųܣ̲ס䣬Ҳ֪˭˵ģֻҪúѧϰ뵽ﶼ򵽣뵽ˣҰ
ϵͳǼؿڣС
ĲԹȻû⣬ⲻˡ
ġķӦҲӴ
аˣѧڿӸˡ
ո˵˵˵ġ
ϵͳڵĻᡣ
϶ͬһϵͳлҵģʵϵͳܻӭģ˭ӵ˲ƴѧϰڴﵽ֪ʶ۷ͬʱҲ壬ھȻҪĻɽס
˵ȥͳ
һϵͳȻѧˣĻ
ڳɹˣֶһ⡣
뻹Щ
ʱ򣬷Ӱζ뿪͸ĴһӰһ˽ӰѪ˵ﻹڲϵѪ־Ʈǰ
ü
ôǸ
̾һˣʱүҲС£Ҳǻˡ
⻰ո¡
͸оؿһۣͷһ˽ȥ
Ӱһ㶼мָˣܺá
䣬˾ƮȻԴͽŵ˸ͷ
Ŷ
Ӽݵò̾һ룬ͺˣιʲôΪʲôҪԴͷ氡
ϵͳҲܼһ룬Ҳ൱໰
ȵȣ
ðĻ쵰
Ȼҽغ

ʱ˲Ժµϵͳͷʮ־ȣΪʲô˵ˡ
С
ôˡ
棡
ͷʲô
ܿĺľʧˣΪʪȵҺ£ǲѪĻҲ˵ⲻ³Ѫɣ
Щθ
ͣ£̫ˣܲܽ
ĶڿԽԽѪȫûͷͷڴ˵ڵʱǺܼ尾ŵܶˣһͷж˿顣
ˣ
Ҳ֪˶ãͷֱӵڵϣŷﶼоۡ
ܲô࣬һʱȥȻȫѪЦ˿ʮֵˡ
ϸϴɾ󣬲»ص䡣
˵Ŵ۾ſڵķ䣬¹£壬ѪԼĵһĻ档
ͷпտˣǾԵֵһˣ˳ݺĴڣһõľӮҾ籾ҳѧ츳ˣٳ쳣ݵӵµĹﲻ
õļˣõֵܣһѰԼȺĶŮ
ôҲû뵽飬Ӿ紵ʱ飬ˣ˵ϽسƣĳЩҲʼ˻һûͻȻٵϡ
ӺԼŮ˸һ
ĶԴ֮ԼŮ˸һ
͵ĺɺԼŮ˸һ

Ȼͱε˰Χˣ


59 
ֵһ֮Խֵһ, Ǿҩǵзڶ࣬޷ԷıѾõȵȵ֮, ǿӲԼ򶷾˳һ·׷ɱ, ;ĩ·ʱΪڻʵ۱ɱһ¶䱸ɭ, ׷ɱ˲˹˼ɣŸĹ
Ȼտ˺ȥ, ܵʵ̫, Ǵ֮ˡ
ôľôˡ
Щ, һŹ
֮ǰ, Լϵɱ, ȫ˿̹ǵĺ⡣
, ޼˵˽һڸԵ, Լ
ԣһѪǱտѡеĵù
ֻǣտȡÿЩ̫, ֻʣһҪ˵ҽһڹȫ㣬ҵĴˣҵҪ󲻶, ұ𡣡
һ˵ڱ׷ɱѾ졣
ôҲû뵽, û, , ž治֪£ܺƭСﾹȻȾܣȫû˵Ļᡣ
տɵˡ
ûˣ
ϾҪˣ
Ըû˵
ô죿
֮еٴαŷǿҵԸ

Ǹʱ򣬿տ֣һԸ˵Ҫ
ԣ˵ӮҲеġ
ȻĿһ־ûŵ˹ؽԼϴɾԺ
Ȼ󣬲ĵĿͶ
̫ˣ
ûн񱵫Խɾ￴ŵϵһ̲ѪѪɢŨζؤûʲôˣת˳ȥ
ȥˣ
ôֳȥˣ
˵仰ô
˵ɵøоԼҪˣ
̧ʳָ
˵ȵȡ
һѪ˳
ʱоһϢڿĪǹĺڰ޳



س
һתŵȫ֪֧ŵжʹ࣬ŹǷ˸ĸѾߵķ䣬˯ʵسǰ΢ЦװѾǣүһϲ䵽ҵķ䣡
ĸѾͷطۡ
ĬĬص˵¡
ϲе࣬Ҫһϴɾ
һΣտûȶã߽
ˣ
̫ء
Ӱ쵽۾һǱˣΪʲô˶Űɫ·
һй
ͱߡ
æӲóԴѧɽɵҪǾôˣտ˿϶ΪһЦģĳǻῪĵôЦȻĳɹɣĲƲĻ棬оԼҪˡ
ԣҪס
ȻͿӰΧһȦȻζ͵ͷѲ١
׼˵
ˡ
ؤó
öѪ
ôˣźÿ
ǵҪҪҲ֪ǲǺˣ
һһ䡣
ڼտʵѾ˵˼仰ġ
˵ȵȣǰ˵
Ҫˣ֮иո˵õұĹ
˵Ը
Ȼ
̫СȫĸѾͷסˣףڶ˵𣿡
Ѿ˵ˣ
ļҵĹﰡ
ܲܰһ㡣
޲ȥġ
˼ҽԸ˵갡
ȿȣ
ɿ˵ǰôǵģҪаģ¡
ã
ĸѾ˵꣬Ȼתȥˡ
һǲǰ
տ˸оүʲôǰҪĥ
ˡ
ֱ˵ɡ
оֲȥĿտ˿ڡ
͸ӱ
ΪѾû˵

ˡ
ˡ
˰ɡ
Щǳ⵽Ӧģۣκűߵţܱġ
ôš
Ҳ塣
˵ڵϣ̧ʳָ䵽˵ϣŸһ
ֻôû뵽Ѿ˰ŵȻȥ
һһֻ̧ȥ
Ŀտ˱ʾһ㶼档
ֱ̧ˡ
֪νһһֻĸֽ̧ţһ˶Դ˲ߡ
ιι
Щܻܵܲƣ˫ſû⣬˫ܲܲҪôǺ߳ܰ
׼
Դ˿ڣһӣ
˸оˡ
ǰķɲһһƲ죬Ȼ׹
ͨ
Լû͸˱ˮһûļƤ˲ðԣ⼸Ǵ
Ҳá
˵ˮιȥûоˡ
Ӧòʹࡣ
С㣬Ҫʼ𣿡
š
ǹңһӡ
˵ã²ǿæ־ò˼ĻͰҵ뷨ҪһˣһϹ룬·߼һֻ˿Ͱ͵ϹĲ˿ڣëôȣ
İС㣬ҿЦģϹģ治ġ
أ
һġ
֮ʵĿտ˿ʵɫͷֲõԤС
Ϲ˵ľɡ
ëʲô˼
ҪǰʹŪ⼸ĹҲҪǵͷ֪ʲô˵ʲô˵
ڣֻһͨͨ˿Ҫͷˡ
쳣ѿȴҲûκεİ취
ֻǣǵҪʲô
һ֪ˡ
ֱӰ·
ʲô
˺Ǿ֣ѡһʲôĵطѾǸεֿˣѵרϲݲ˵
ɥĲ
ɥ
һֱ˵ĸ˼úܡ
û뵽Ȼˡ
Ǳѣ׷ɱˣжûеһĿտˣʮְֻ·ʱλǵˮ
Ҫ
ʹشС
ȫذ˶Է·Ϳӣһɫֵ׿㣬ûκεѪͱʾû˺ۣȴϴϵ۹ֽ̧ŵһߵľϣʼϴ˿ڡ
ۣ
ۡ
ۡ
˴˿ˣ˵ĥҪʲôʱ򰡣
ոյ
ܿ˾ͱᵽһķ䡣
һֵʹ࿪ʼˡ
ججԸػ˹ȥٴѹʱһİķӴİһߣƻã
һʱ˵ʲôĸܡ
޻Ǻ޵ģҲûôǿˡ
ź
һϸҲûʲôźġ
̰ˡ
ѧžǲһһС
˻
׼磬ϵʹۣҲ
û
֪
ҶһСģϲСӱ˵ؿ˳ſŵˣȥ֪ͨү
ˣ
ô˷ˣ
ԣû
ôܣ
ôصˡ
ͷԼƵ֣ӣͿ߷ĳª˰̡
ǰһС
ȵ
ԣھȻ˼¼ԼĶˡ
û
ûˣЩĶȴûʧĵظһ壬ȻܷѾظֻܵˡ


60 
û
쿪۰
, ܻ
Ȼ󣬿տ˶
ߣ
ǣ
Űɣ
ǧжԽͷ֮ޡ
֮ǰΪԼ˺뷨˺ͻǿ϶, ǰ߲ôΣŻԼ
ܳƵӮҵģһ㶼, ڸպĩͥݼ, Ժż١
ʱ˿̣ͥɵ鷿һ, ﳭ顣
˭öѾͷһ͸ôһš
˴ԼҹŮķ䣡
ǻ˵ã
š
򸮵ķҪǿ
Ѿͷ˵, 볶Ӵˡ

ô, ôԼ, н
Ҫ׼֮ͽأ
һ;ú
, س
һͣ, Ĺĵصۿ׵, Ҫ˦ֲɣڶԷĿ±ˣһֽ, ʣ
Ĳس
ûһ׵ٴδ

Ǿ۸
ָһתëʾͺ˹ס, һҪ˲ɵģ
Сﰡ~ͥúе
ͣ
˫̾ɿ, ̧, , дҳޣ
Ǿ
ĵоÿֲ
һͷس
ͥɿŴʱĹŮ࣬һҹ
һԵҲܸˣţׯţҪһֱ֣϶ܼ޵óȥģȻҲ֪ǳ룬ܱôһѾǲˡ
һʱ鷿պܺá
һ飬˿飬ĸżСһЩ⣬õĻܿͱƣ鷿ű죬ʯ߽
ͥɺһվ
̾ƨߵߵĸϣпȤ
ھŬһＸ˾ͻȥȵֱӽͥɣˣ˴ʱҰԺǱ˾סĿԺǰǰʮš
߽ʱտһ˲ʵ˳̫㣬̫ˣʱԼġ
á
Ŀͣϡ

ҵˣ˵ˣ
ؿû˵׵ǲġ
Ȼ
տ˺£
˵׵ΪʲôҪô⣿
ԡ
Էǰԣڵĺйأ
ü
ֺͳ͢һˮˮ񱻴ƣԲǺͷ˺һѹĸʲô϶ŵĹүĿ⣬ѱ˺òã
ʱڵĻ
ߡ
Ͷ˶˵һ䣬ֱһˡ
տﶼȥģҲס

ʱͬհ
ǣӻش⡣
˵ĶԻġ

տˡʵĻشԭΪԷٻֵ飬˵𾪣һۣԭǴĿտ˰ǰļ

ʲôûС
Įûһ˿й
һ仹ǣ
տˣ
ʲôë
û
Ӷܵ
ˣֻһ䣬һЩտˣ
Ȼ󣬱˲˾ͱʯϵĳ𣬡ʵ㣬úûشǼҴ˵ĻȻСĴź򣡡
ˣ
ôͲʵˡ
ȻٳڰٵĶǺ˰Ϳʼԩˡ
һԿϷͬʱĵѣգ𣿡
мͣһ£뻹һ䣬˵տգȡֽпˣ

ԭ˼

˵ЩԴɽɺͺˣΪǶǿ
ס
տɽ
һڣ
ʣνĿտɽ϶ġ
ӴûŶЦе˵
Сʮǫ顣
ʿ˵˵ɣͶڴɱҴʵ۵Ĵ̿ʲôϵ
ͥɲˡ
ûйϵ
ΪҪСŮķ䣿

˵
˫۾˵
տ˿ʼıݣԼʮ˵ʱʹ飬ˣԽ˵ԽԼҰо
Ȼһ˵ģûĿ⿴ʯӡ
ȵ߶߶ֲ˵ꡣ
ͥɺ
ԼҲ𾪣
һڶú档
˵ˣͬʵȷ书µһ
Ļɡ
⻰ʲô˼̫˰ɣ˿㲻᲻˰ɣ
Ǻǡ
һζʮЦˣʲô㴳ҵķ䣬ɷҪ꣬νĴƮԴϣһѪ֪ʱж֪˶Ӱöģ
ԡϵͳҲԺţ̫ˣҩɸɾиˮζѡֻҪһٷ֣ȫûиã
ϵͳѾ죬ԭΪǴģû뵽ģȻѾ֣ôܲţо仰˵ûͷӹȻúܣ̫ˡ
ֱһ֣
Ż
Ÿղϸ׷ɱḶ́һ¶Ѿͷ˵ĻĺǿǶˣѹֶѾͷô
տ˵ɴ۾Ǽ˹һʮֲ˼˵֪һĹǶӶֱô㣬ôıˣ㾹Ȼң֪󲻵𣿡
ĽȻӳͷôܲ
ϵͳٴðҪģУֻҪѧϰһӶѡ
ֱӽϵͳˣ̫ˡ
ˣ
ͷۡ
ûаɣ
ͷ֪ô˵
ĲҵķԣǿӸҵģ㻹Ҫˡ
ͷ
ĬãСһ䣬㻹ң
ʲôأҲȥʲôˣʲôԣǲԿѾΪҵĶͱˡ
ǻá
˵ļƻûгʲôʱұ𣿡
ʲôҲ֪
׼ˣ
ûдӦ㣬ôܽˣУͷסҾȵģԣҪΪţʲô͵øʲô򣬺Ǻǡ
տͷ֪ǰǰôŵڶȥ𣿡
·
˹ȻӾ࣬˵Ŀһģһʼ磬Ц֪Ҫ˵ʲôûв𴩣ΪȭͷѾ׼ˣȥˣ
ͥɺͷԼҹŮãôɱð˳
ǿݹһˡ
տ˵⻰һƵģȫȻҲпǱ۵Ӱ졣
Ҹӣ
˴ŷ񣬹ȻʿᣬһԲϾɱˣʲôˣ
ܺãݹǰɣЦеǰȻͻȻ𣬶Էˣû


61 
Ȼ˶˵˽в˵ʹŹ
ɥİ
ֱ
ûĵȭͷ۷۵, ȴҲ۵úܣݹǰɣѽұɿݹ, 㵱˭Ϊ
տ˺йţʹҲûнг
Ҽҡ
һߴһߺ𣺡ҵǴ, ĹŮ㾹ȻһǰҪɱ, 㵱ɷʲô
ԼŮ˵Žͥͷһȣһξ׺ĶѾͷʵҲͦõġ
, ůж, ͬҲⲻס
˺ܲ, Ǻʲôϵˣ
Ȼ
~
ΪԷһȭֱӴֱ۵˿, ȴʹ, ס֣ס֣۸ˣ۸ˣ㲻¡
Ȼֱ˵ʲôô
Բǡ
ȭͷƿһδû˿ڵĵطȰýǰһ, Ҳ, Ҿȵģô, ͱطٸɱ˻߶ͽɱ˹, ס, һ, Ͼûз֮أҲ뵱Ǹͽ
˲𰡡
ǲסƬϵɣ
ǲʿ
߶ǣǾ͸ùԹԵعء
Ҹӿͣοź
Ϊʲô
ΪʲôĹﲻʱడ
ĻһӼ޲ȥɽŮкܣδزܳɾͶҵ
ҪԽӲĵ·
˶Щġ
տ˺ί
ʱ˿̵ʶˡ
̵Ļ߽򲻿òȡˣʵ̫еˣĲǵġ
ˣҸով˵˵ڵҾһͨˣɱ˰տޣʵ̫ˣӺ绽䵽ڵĵزѵӦøһʱӦ
ΪʲôҪһŰ
ıӺʱǸͷ
ûУ
֣ͣŶͷȷʵǲ˵㣬ɿӦǽѵλˡ
ˡ
տ˲ϣʵȫ֪ԼˣڱҲǸոʱ뵽һУǾ˵ĥҲǴģľͺǰĹ˵һ
úˡ

ûС
˿ģһ䣬Ҫǿ㻹õķϣһҵֱӽӽΣϼٳ
ҵأ
ἰһĶ
ʱĿҲǸ߸ϵʩߣǴС̽һСģְһٴ
źҿһ츳ûУνֵһ˱ûκεĸоЦݲõ˵ʵȻΪʲôҪ˵ƽƽķӲ
΢еӵ˶֪µһմ˹ϵǾ͵˵һѵ鷳
ǰͷ֪ˣ
ڷʱҸӶûвӣȳ˿ԺʵҪǸͷӸʲô
ǸŶ
ۣͥ
ģǸ¡
˵Ÿ£ܿܵԺװ飬ü죬ҸӶ뷽跨ԼҹŮϽ㣬Ҳ㣬ƼǳСӿ˶ˣһ㲻
ȻЧһ㶼ûС
Ŭ飬Ȼԡ
ϵͳȻʧһҩĻᣬֵǺġ
ѾŲϵˡ
á
ѾӹȴѾͷһͣϣɹ˪ǲǺϡ̫һʹɡƤͰ۵ĸѾȫûбɹڵķա
Զͺ档
С㣬ҲҪ
ĸѾͷؿڡ
˫۾Ц˵͸ƹԺڸǡ
һٷֵȻõġ
һ÷򣬵ڶξͲֵǮˣϵͳ˵Ǽ֪ʶ·ߣԣÿһֶõʮʮеȵ
żõĿ϶Ҫõġ
֮ǰһ̫ܵĲҪ硣
ллС㣡
ĸѾЦŸлҲûжʣϴ⣬ȻֱӾͱСˡ
˶֪ҶСǷӡ
ֻСпܲǷˡ
뷨ͨ˲һ
Ժ˾СǸѧЩףС㶮ĶǹϵɲŻġ
ΪԺ̵ģöѧú㡣
С˵ĶԸѧСпյʱҲ̣Ǹоǳ
˵ѧˣ֪ʶûﵽǸȣǾԲʿ缶⣬Ϊȫ˵ͷۡ
󼸸˰æһµС
ǿ˯ġ
ڶ𴲣̫̫ôЩȣϰ٤ǰһ䣬ôô磿˵ãʲô𣿡
ȻѾͷÿ춼ܿģֵЩ񲣬о˶Ʈģ鶼Ҫˡ
š
ͷһȺ˿ʼ٤˺󣬹ȻʱԤϵĲ࣬ǰѧʱǰһӣŵʱ׵Ļ˵һǲҪȥԺˡ
ʱŵˣ
ôڷѧϰ
仰ոðԼͷˣôܣ
ľĪҪֳʲô۶ӡ
۶ûУ
͵͵һλ
Ѿѧãѧȵģзĳװʲôû߳ѧã䵽յʱ߽ȥʱû
ûϵ
еġ
ſϰصš
첻װѧ𣿡
ǰŵѧӻͷЦ
ţװˣˣϢһӡɨһۣ˵
ϵͳ˼
һν׵Ʒλƹӣ
ҲǸƹӵġ
ô˵ƹӾĸǡ
ǣһϵͳʼŵݷ𣬱ƹӵһЩһЩ϶¡
ҲϵͳԷ뷨ܻ취ΪѾֶεϵͳ
ȵһ죡
е˺ķͷܸߣȴġ
ٽܺС޾ɵ߽ѧãǷꡣ
ΪʲôҪѧ
ڼﲻ
ԺΪʲôͲܶ׼һЩ飿
ʲôľȻ
Ƕƨ

ﰡ
ǵλ¡
װˣˣ
ſϿϴĿҲ̫˰ɡ
ٴοԼϴ
УҲû˵ϴǲЩ̫ˣˣӲʲô뷨Ҫܲ͸ҲӲԶˡ
ϴҪ㿼һ£
һٽܡ
߿һۣȫ᲻ÿҪʵʲôֵġ
Ŵ⡣

̫ˡ
û˼
Ȥһ죬̫ɫǺϲˣҪȥҸûʯȥԼɹ
ҵЩӦòжİɣ
ٽܴ۽ǣ˼ųɹĿԡ
һտҲĳﾹȻж
ó
ۣϴʲô
۾һͬʱվȵ
ϲĸо
ۿ͵̫ˣ̫Ҹˣ


62 
, Ǻã
ôͷˣ
Ķôôÿ뻭ڷ͡
, ٽûһ˿˿Ĳá
źϤ
ٽܣ
ˣ
߸֮̾Ľͬ, ǺϴĲòЩ֮ǰİĴ, ΪֹҪҪ˵Σûһγɹģ
Щġ
ǵֵ尡
ȻȲһССĶ
, ʱ˿̵, ĿƵضźӡ
򿪣
Ӽ, Լϴ, źӲ, ̾ʹߴٵ
ٽϳʱųգ۽ǵȴڿΪʲôԼҲôģ
ͷİװ򿪣Сӡ
ٵؿ˵һ
ٽܣ
лȥվӿԼģ, ǰȻЩ仯, ȴҲֻƤҲѣܴûг, Ϊ˾ûԼգ, ȻΪ˱Ƥ
Щס
Ҳġ
Ϊʲôź˻ʵ۵ʱҪأ
ѵնȻλҪ
˺ʧ
Ϊڼ, ǵò, ǲĵ٣ô棬ѰģǵƤܺãⲢǾԸѧŮͿ֬Ĩۡ
ٽĬĬؽŽС
һһЩĺӡ
һȱ˿Բһİɫ
ûмġ
ٽ˵ʱֻԴ˹ȥٵؿ꣬𾪣ĶԽȵ̫ķ
һ飬һ顣
Ȼ
ٿҲûٽܿ졣
˵ڲϣǹŹֵİťзµθﴵһ⣬˻ˬ

ȴ·ƮĻǾ̲ס˿ˮڿҪʱ˻ȥҸðݣʲôԸС˼ֻҪÿܼͬϵɽ»𺣶ԡ
з磡
մз磡
̫ˣ
𾪵붼

ѾҲͷˡ
ô᣿
ôܣ
ôģ
ⲻ竵ԺٽҲô롣
Ϊʲôơ
Ϊܹ˯þΪֹûно͸

ֳˡ

Ǹʲôˡ
ٽܵõĶԺرѧǣԶԶؿһһΣ˿˵뿴Ϳһ£ľܾ竣Ҳûȥģ뵽ٽǸ竣ֵܶ࣬Ҹոǿٽʣ᲻ķάúܡ
۸ģúܲҡ
Ȼ˶Ƕ˭ٽܵġ
ܲ򵽣
ٽأ
綼˼Ǵǿ϶ġ
ôһߴŷ磬һԺŸͻȻһͷԺӣЩһ뵽һȤţٽⱲһڿʼ˼⡣
ԽԽϿԡ
ǣ֪͵ģȴΪԼúأȫ֪ⶫġ
ڵô֪Լ뷨ӡ
ѧʱ˯˵һڶٽܿܿҪһϲܼˣҪϧʱ⣬Ϊÿ춼һ
ף
ڸʲô
Ȼ˱ʣ
ʲôˣ
ں󲻾ԺѾĸˣûм񿴹飬ùʣţȻñд֣
档
ޣ
С֣
ʲô
ƺ˧
΢΢ͷĲںഺԸУٴ̧ͷѪűʵǽһÿ޲ܱһ֧ʡ
дʲôҪ
Ҫգ
ȵȡ
ΪʲôдõֽŽǸ档
ֽ
ѵĻ
ޣ
ҪУ
ﲻͣؽԼ͡
˶ֳһֱƼȴҲé޵ĽŶ״̬
ѧϹŵȣһС뿪ӻڳ
Ҫȵе뿪ֱߣȻΪѧķ˫۾ţôߣ
ôˣ
ǰ㲻Ǹٽ뿪𣿡
ôˣ


ΪʲôԺѧûкøУϽԵ˵ԣúܡ
ˡ
߰ɡ
ǣһӺ󣬸ոߵǰһУ磬ҪȻȥ˶˾ͻؼҡ
ȥɡ
Ѿϰ˶õļǵһ𡣡
á
˵תԺܣܿ죬һվĿǰ͵͵ͬʱ˿Ҫ֪дʲô
Ժ뷨ÿһֶľ쳣˷ܣ˿Ƿһڲ
˿ˣ϶һ
ѾᣬԸоԼСǿ̫࣬˵Ѿܲס˾޴ĿģŻᵼĲ
һֽóɴ۾š
־Ȼһÿ
ֻǣ
һ̣岻ˣ۾ɵдʲô
ȣŷ磬Ӹѣðɹ뷨񶨣̫ˣʲôǻ۵ģһ⡣
ô̶̵һ仰￴ãԼһѣȷûп

Ϊʲô
ôãô棬Ų
Ҫǻ۵ȥ
һ˲Ժ뵽˸ֹ
ҡͷ
С
κҪ󶼿ԴӦ
û뵽Ҳɱ
ǽ쿴һֱֻԼÿģȫ֪޿˵׼һľѶ
һ
̫ˣ
У
Ժһֱ㱵ڴϵʱͻȻҪʲô
š
ʮ꣬ʱڵкϲʲô
֮ǰûע⡣
ߵͬˡ
Ŵ֮ӣ϶ʺӲô
о֮ѧͬ
С
ٲҲҪһЩ
ͷ˰ҲûκεͷֱӶϵͳ˵ҿƵҪഺڵкϲʲô
ϵͳͷ
Ƶ廨ţһ˹棬ΪѧϰȻ÷
ؿ꣬Ӵ˱ʼǣڵһľȻϷ
ϵͳ𣿡
С
ϵͳٴεͷҪĻйϵܶļУҪеԣ㲻ɵӦ֪Ҫİɣ

ǺܴĿµĶһףɳʶеġ
֧°˼һϷûУϷӦòѰɣ
˾
ϵͳ
ǣһҪһֱ״̬϶Ϊ˸ǵϵѧϰġ
ǡ
ʵ
ڰҹѧϰ
ٽڴ˵׼ܸϲ
СҲΣĽʲôʱŻ֣
ʵۺţô֯ӦҪܶʱ䣬Ҫģܼܴߣܻӡ


63 
һҹ, ʲôǹǷ
磬ôˣ
һȥ۽ǵˮסһҪðĹǷ, ôѯһֱ
á
¶һЦݣǰһ, ߵǰ̾, Ĵǲǵģæվֱ, ı, ˵, û¡
͸ٽܵģ
, Ѿƶˡ

ô֪
, ôţΪ˸ٽ͵ȵģ͵͵ͣ

磬̫ϲġ
û˵˼費
ҲҪ
ֱӿ˵ԼĿģͷˣͶ˵ܹĨǣ, һᱻֵȥ, ҪǲңҾȥٽܵġ
һĻ, ĺ뽫ҪҶԷϣﻹ, ȵ, ۾ɴ, ͷͿѾĲϹŷɫĵȣԭﱩ¶˰ˣô죿
ͷ˵һá֡
á
뵽⻰£ƵĴؿԴǳΣ̫ôôȣǲ֪ôźأ

㣬üңھͻԺð
ǿ˶ѹˡ
ȵȡ
ڽе㣬ҲҪΣ
ȻﵱûȾܣԼõĿûзϡ
ԣǺϲõģõʣ֮Դ޿õĲӾˡ
ûģǸý㡣
ſڣСسţ㣬ǲǲϲң
浾ֻǾؿ˵
ҲҪĻشٴα߿ޱ˵ԼƮˣУһлˣֵܽþͿʼʫ
˵ⷽķǳ츳
ôʺǾҲǳ棬ò֪Եɵһʫ֮ǶôĿ
һȺ˰׵ܵܶⲻʫкʲôϵΪʲôֻǱã㣩˾ܲγϵĸ飬ĪõҲ
뷨һð˾Ͱüͷ
ǰãֻĹУ˵㣬ٻ룬ȷʵǲ̫
ĺܿ죬ϻðˮȸ浾߻һƿɹ˪㣬ɹΪˣһҪԼƤȻϵÿ졣
û
浾Ǿɫ˶źһĳȣȴ縻ĵһĳ࣬ǼһҪһЦ᲻֪˵ܹܾ
ллá
浾һЦؿԼҶ۾ֱ
֣ԴǼҵĶõá
֪Ϊʲôǰͬ
ǰжڵĻĽӦûͬİɣ
ҲƯĴ㡣ֱӾؿ˻ȥȻֱۣЦ
㣬㡣
浾Թؿ˵ıӰתͷʵؿԼҴ磬硣
Ҫ޳
ӣתϳˡ
ء
ģ
һ·νбʫʶд˲١
úѾûҲеȵ飬һǾ˵ġ
һӾưˡ
ԭ͸ٽܵġ
ٽܣ
Ĵ
ҪôãҪæص飬Աˣʲô
Цˡ
ȻܲµΪʽ
˶⣬ֻΪʲôĶأ

ҲҪ
㲻ǹϵôˣΪʲôֻϴҵأԼƤߵǰҪ
̧ͷЦųգ̨λ
գ
ûˡ
ԱУ
˱ǷתѾͲˣε㲻һСѾߣ֣ʳָסұߵ룬Ȼһã¶Ϊ˵Цݣ˵ѾɷĵȽһã
ԤԼסĹ϶ǲ˵ģẦߵؽĻ˵һ䣺Ȼϲ͸Ӱɡ
ǿɰ۵Ѿ֪ʶĺΣľ״ʱ˿ֻܽյԼС
ǣõķҲûпԷ̧ͷ
ûǹģ
룬ƯתһӣȻȱһͷ׼Ѿ°͡
һ̣һϤİֱϡ

ͻȻң۵ýгΪһ竣Ƣ϶˵ϺãһͷڸֱϴľʹͷһȻһƬˣʲô
ٸҵϷҼѾŲҰ
ıҲǲãڴĸѾͷԺǰͺ˵ȻǽǵãԺǾԻΪǵݶǵģǲԸȥҲͬԽ̵ġ
ĸѾͷ֣Ļ
С㣬һԸȥֲɵôĺ飬ΪʲôҪܾԵѾ߹붼ɣô˵ƨ£ѧǲŽʵڡ
ǣԼǰҲ˵𣿼Ȼı䲻˱˵뷨ôǿԼģԼ˵ĿӰ졣

޷ܾѾͷ˵⻰ʱмԺģҪ֪ǵʱǲ˵ˣֻСƵģÿСģٿЦ̹Сɾ͸ġ
Ȼ
ûĻ͸ˡ
С̣ǹġ
ǣһ뵽νļӾۡ

ĸѧ
ΪѧʱʹѾͱֳ׺Լǰ˾󲿷ֵĿ⣬۸Ѿߵһֱûг֣ʵҲû뵽һֵľȻ
Ƿ˰ɣǸѾߣ
ҲҵѾߣվһ̵ֱԼѾߵı䲻Ůԣ˵ĵλչӵղŵĶû۸˼˵ǻеĹﱻϷϲ
ˡ
ѾѾ
ܲܵġ
ΪŮҾͲ㣡
ѽ
һվ
Ѿ֪ʶγŶվŵˣָԼС㣬һ㶼ȣĳʵ̫Ϥˣ붼ûͳԴ˹ȥ۸ǼС㣬ǻˡ
оз紫͸оԾѾˡ
ӦһѲŶ˹ȥ
ͬѧð˷ܵĹâճȭͷȫǺĲϵظߺţ
ѾһУ׼ڶ¡
褻ڲױǰŵζˣ죬Ǹɧ
Ȼ
ķչʧˡ
˵Ů˾Ĳۿŵڶ¾ҪֱӾˣѾ߷𣿡
ȻӵҲǷӣ仰һҲû


64 
, Ѿ˵Ⱦ׷
ǰߵҪӵģûܣѧȦȦ, Ҫ飬ÿ, üζ㱻ĵ۵, ƫƫѾͷ׷ᣬڿҪܲʱͣ, ؽеͣ
ѾŰ, ͣ½Ų, ɰޱؿ
, , 䶷ĲҪƽҲŮˣȴҪҡ
ǱشͷĻһЩѾ, ô˵
ԲŮˡѾһؿڡ
ǣǿ
ոΪʲôҪҼС㣿

Ŵ, ʲôʱˣ
˵òֲһ, û򣡡
ҿ׼ˡ

ɡ
˵ˣ׳˵, ͨôôѵ˼ˣ
տȥ, ܹѾ, ֪ʲô𣿡
֪Ѿͷ̧ͷ׼ӴҼС㡣
Ѫӣɣ
ӵġ
ս˵һ顣
ι˵˵ʲôûеϷ˼ڳյôʺǲðɣĶЩ٬ɶԷǸѾͷõŷôĻ
Ϸ
Ѿ۾һѽȻ˵Ϸǲ˵Ưˣ
˵ˣѾҲͽеİһضߺһ˦롣
ô
֪ӿ˫˰ɣ
ˣ
ǰѲϵĵ͸үٵõһɫ
Ѿȫ֪Է뷨ͷԼС㣬ǲƯˣ
š
ⷽ棬Ŀ佱ĸѾͷôţһ·ÿ佱ǳзǳĹϵǼѾС
ȴѾأ

С㣬ǲǴѾôʣҲشǵġѾһеġ
һҲΣЦŰ֣ѾҪЩС顣
ҿԵϷ𣿡
￴ѾȻЦ˵档

Ϸ
е
ѧǣ
۾⣬Ǹ˼ŶǾеֿˣ죬Ϸ뿴ǸɧϷģ
ԣ
ǵһ㣬ͷ
ʵѾ뷨ϷҿʼôʹҵϷƽӦո˵ġƽ

е
ﵱû
Ѿڿ

ٴδؽе
װӡ
ѾͬʱåƵĴһڣüһǼƣģ
ôҲû뵽ôչģϷǽһӦ֣ɴûбϷ
ԣûгֹϷӵŮå
ǲ˵ܿͻΪһ
Ӵˡ
Ҳˡ
ʱ˿̿ŲϿѾŬؿƣ̲סˣϵˣǲ˵һֹĻ󣬾ͿԼϴ󣬡ϴϴ󡣡

֪ϴһڣԻġ
ٽܣ
˵ʵ
ȻЩ˺ɣѧ˺񶼴һּ俪˷ܵ״̬Ȼ⡣
ðɡ
ȷʵͦЦġ
֪ģһӵģʵҲ͸̧̧С°ͣϷΪûСӣʱҲǿúܡ
æǲܵġ
ҵġ
չӡ
Ѿ֮ĻſɰаЦݣҲǹһߵǣһ

ͲúĸѾͷЩż磬Ѿӣ̫壬Ҫǳһſɰ褣ǾԻᰤġ
˵չϲŮ裬ΪרΪʫʫʫѾ˵ٶȷÿ仰ҪؽһЩżϷ˵İܾġ
еѧǣ
û
ƽʵ˸ܳ⣬ѾͷȻһ֣˵ӣǹ¥ǵģ

ˡ
ԷŹ
дѾͶѾӢ¼ǰôѾСҲѾ۸أ
ˣĵĻȴ˵ڣô˿ء
￴ѧǵı飬ΪѧûеģһӾͲãܱѾôıƭϱе̶ȥͶ̥˰ɡ
չӿɲһ֧裬ģҲΪһʫģԱĺáѧԶѧӣѾ˲ˣûȻ裬еģ
룡
ò˵⻰ʱѾİ
һԵͷѾòҪһŵˡ
СĽ̵һֱġѾͷҲص˵
ѧˣ
ƨš
Ƕ٣ҲƭǺòã
˵֮ǰܲܰϵ¡
Ȼֿ
ȻǷӣ˽ﾹȻѾߣôĸѾͷôҲˡ
Ҳ
ϷҵʱҲûʹҵ
ԣûѡ
ԣ
еġ
һ£ⲻƽҲǣӮҡ
Ѿͷá
һѾߺһҹӣº竣ʵڳ֪ǰ߶Ⱥߵ˲ֵһȣǷԵѾϣֻѾߴ治˶ܵ飬˵ҽ̲ϡ
ƫƫѾ߱Ѿ
һȺѧǾȻûһ˾òԾģǿڿ˵ѾֻһѾ߶ѵҲôġ
ʲôҾǿȻ
Ѿ׼ͷӦͣһ䣺ܱ򣡡
ۣ
˽ˮ˳
Ҳ˱ԼĿˮҭסˡ
Ǿ°ͣͣסˣǸղûɣһС˵Ļ
Ƕһ˵ġ

Ӧ˵һı
Ƿˣ
ٽܿ˿ѾðɣҲסˡ
۽ǿѧڣѾ⣬Ȼ
ǿ̫𾪵ı飬Ȼһּƽ˵ǴС֣ȥϿСк򡣡
ô˵Ϊ֪Ѿ϶Ҳ뵽ˣŻᲹôһ㡣
żѾͷţͿһĻ

һȺʹȴѧǵѧǱʾô
оСʱʧȥ˺ôһȤ
Ҫ
һȥȱȣ
ٽܣ
Ⱥйĵġ
˻ãǱѾ˵Ĵڣʱ˿̣ͨ죬һĲ˼飬ͳѾ˭ҪǸ㻹ǲһңҪҪ
ʵ˵һ仰Щڡ
Ͼ֪˵һѾǺֵܹĻˡ
Ȼû뵽Էܵ
ҲҪ͸㣬ҲûС
Ǳ˵Ķƣô죿
˵
ֲܴ
һֻбһ·ˣӣ۾һǾͱתӣ
һȺѧӵؿ
Ծ۸С˭֪ѧ࣬תõľ
Ѿ׼ͷյ𣬡ȵȣǣһİ


65 
ǣ

ٽܣ
лл, Ǻ棡
ȻջһһӲվߡ
üͷһʵ, ʲô
Ȼղû, ԹԵػһѵļüŪ, ˼ԣӮȡ
ֵ岻Ĭͬûס
Ѿǰˣ˹, һģ
Ŀͣٽܵ, ͷԼС, ۾д, , ô죿ȲȣҪӮ䣿
ｫ˼һֲ΢ЦԼ, , ⣬Ӯƣ취忪ġ
ԼѾͷź͡
һģ
ȻѾߺһš
պЦ, ʲô֪, СѾͷ, һ˱ޣ
ԣĶע˲ޣѾ˵ú, ȫû⡣
Ȼ, Ц
Ϊ˵, ձʾԼĸѾ˵һ仰
ǺǣޱЦĮۣһ㶼Ц
Ӯ㣬һȡ
á
ѾֱӵͷҪأ
ô䣿
ǸЦ
Ҫ㴦áʮĳ˵˺ǲ֪ߵغĻõѾһĿ⣬СĹ˵󶼻ᱻȻ䲻ˣδ˵ãеҴ㶼ģգﲻͬ⣬ҪԸҲ޾鷳
գ
˼
ʲô
˶ؿգص𣿻Ȼô˵ʵҲôһ˿˿ĺ档
ģ

аɡ
˵ʲôʲô
Ҫ˵ս׸ѾоǼӶЩá
Ѿͣһ£Ҫˣץһǧֻҡ


ǣʲôôʳ˵͵˲
棬ģ⻹𣿡
Ѿʡ
Уˡ˭竰ձʾԼӵЩְˡ
Ҳ棡
ٽֱӿڡ
Ҳǡ
Լϴ
ιι
Ϊӡһ䵲˻ȥһѾߣһСԣӮ˺ˣǺǣ벻˵ԼǺεȵĶؼһᱻ˴İɡ
һԵٽ˴Ĵָ
ߣ
ȫףʲôó޵ġ
ʹһ̧ͷʵ۾ǮĲˮõ˶ݵķɣ˵˵ɣûʲô飿
ϰߣɵʱСϢְԻһ¡
֪Ǯ鷢࣬ʵؽ֪˵˳
ٽһȣ˵Զ磬յȡ
ʵüûæŽ
һ
ˡ

ƽϡ
ٽĵλ֪ˣҪΪĽӰӶûУȻѾãôڵ϶ڳﱸˡ
ѧǵеЦѾ竹ӱ
תǲ
ȻȵѾֵʱеǶһ𾪵ı顣
ѽǵãСʱǽ£ĸѾߵĹעͳ˶̫һͱӣֵƵʵ̫ˣֵѾѣΪˣǳ̿ϰټƵָ㣬Ǵﲻĳ̶ȣӮȫûġ
һ·˹ָɣ֮Ůһ衣

ˣ
һѾˣ
¶Էûн֪ˣ۾ضŶԷ֣㲻ָ֣Ȼֱ̣ϵҲ٣ֵģôôˣôƯѧ
һת£
ҲڸŹƣѾ㡣
ϣЦѾȭʮصضŹƵ˵
һѾ

϶ǡ
ǼҵѾ߾ûһѾģӮˣıûһ˿˿ĵ⣬ЩǼЩصļ̳ˣ費뷨һðͱ˦˳ȥôܣ
ô˵Ѿǿ϶ġ
ôģңѧ˵Ѿе˵
Ѿſڣˡ
ķڷ
䲻ˣֻ飬еΪѣС˵Իط𣿡
ѧ뿴裬һ塣
վĽĻһò˼Ŀ⿴·û뵽Ȼ
á
ѾҡͷĵϷǼСˣʵû裬ֻһ£Ϸôζ˵޹أƲ˺ΪҲɻԵĹأܸͲҪȥ룬оԼ˵е࣬һ˻ȽϺá
ˡ
ŸղԼϷǵĸоһηʡΪǶԵ
ţѾգʲô
˵ڰŽĹâǲǳ֮ǰ˵ǸĶԣ
Ѿ룬ͷǡ
յЦݲһЩ˵Ǳߣ˭˭Ӯ

ѧ˶ɴ۾ųգ·һοô޳ܵˣĸѾ߶Ҫࡣ
ٽĬĬԶ˰ͦصĳա
ЦݿųգѡĬ
Ѿųա
ô֮ǰԼ˵ģʲôģ뷴𣿡յ֮ǰһЩʵҲ˵ġ
ûС
Ѿҡͷ϶ûгոߵģӮˣ˵꣬Ǹɴؽϵĵȸ˳գϹлл㣡

ʲô˼
ôɴѾ˵ˣΪʲôҪлл
ֻѾĴεıѧ˶
С㡣
Ѿ
ԴǼҵѾ̫ˡ
һֱޱѾ¶ɬЦݣС˵ǰû뵽ܺͱ˱ߣ֪ˣţԺҪעЩܰѻ˵̫
Ȼˣȥдǧֵļ֣ȥʹѾǷٷͬĴ󡣡
ǡ
ѾЦŵͷԼλã顣
տһ㶼ѹ濴ѾٿԼĵȣܾЩ֡
Ҫʱ˵óմ۸ˡ
ˣ
Ҳˡ
ϲ
ٽϵףѪ겻һԹۣǷ³ղûд˵ѾлҲ٣յõҪģѾҲȡεĽѵνȫ˵뷨ڳݾʱ򣬾Ӧ뵽ʲôġ
ųӦˡ
ʵϣȫӦˡ
ĵȹ˲ϣҲûаĸˣѧһӵĿ̵ܡ
Ļϸܡ
ΪϵӣǮרȥԺǾ֪Ѿȫݡ


Ķأڸʲô
Ѿͷ竱תӣͱ˱ߣ֮ǷŭһûдۣͻȻһ˵ĳ嶯


66 
У
ôȥˡ
ٽܵĳ, һѧţʱţзǳĿԼ¡

Ӧ˵Ѿȫˡ
ߡ
뵽֮ǰ⡣
ޣ䣡
Ǯ࣡ȥԺ, ʵ, ҧгݵ˵
Ǯࣺ
˼
Ҫѻ, ˶֪ϲǰ˶֪ܲͬ࣬˲֪ʥּȥ, һ粨
Ǯ, Ҳ޵Ļ𣿡
ʵ֪Ǯ˼ҲΪԼ, ԽԽоԼʵ۵̫, ټ, ˵ͺܳ壡
ūŲңϢŭ, ūȥּ
Ѿ¶, Ǯ˵̾ͳȥ
ʵ۵ɫɺǲãߵĲ豭Ҫȥ, 뵽˲ҪԼ˽, ᲻, ŭؾ˺þãȻĬĬط, һ, ð, ҧݵضſ
ԺѧıܿͱǴԺ
ͼӴ׵ؽǽһʣ𾪣ǳ鴤رǳϵĽ֣ǳ˱Ĳ֪˵ʲôá


µ˳գҲΪѾˣԺûôģߣĳ
ôɣյֳоİ༶̣ȭͷӲˣرǵĿ⿴ȥʱԷıƽûʲô𣬾ʲôû˵ɾó衣
޴ĵܵܡ
Ϊһȣ¼ҵˡ
ߡ
ôģ
Ҫ¼˶Ҫء
ȥһҪúýѵһ
Ľ˵˼̹գӮñ޳ܡ
ǣԴӮ۷Ժ󣬳վͲϵڴ硣
һڿΣǮسѧ࣬
ڿǮһ˲䣬ʶ˲á
Ȼ
ǮıǲãĿŰԹ
ʵ۵ȼ˰ɡ
̽ôУ
ϴӦúܺãȴѾһɫԷͷ̾ŶӣӴӴؽ˼ǮҶʹҪȥһéޣԵһ£ܿͻ
Ǯ
ǽ
ôһˣǮȾ׼׷ѾסչȥĶС˵ҪĶǼС׼ˣڻؼãҪǻ׷ҾͲ㡣
Ǯ࿴ſɰѾ
˵ˣ׷ƨ
ڻúܣ˻ҪĶԱ֤ϲЦտ

úˡ
ԣȻĸѾͷ
ˡ
ٲְɡ
ԼĵλԴǳ
Ժû뵽ǮྐྵȻôһֱţȥé
ϸéҪô
ʱû
һߣٶȻصң׼õļƻԼòĿտͷشߡ
ȥĶ
ôڼ˵Ŀտ˿ʵʲôʱұ𣿡
ͱһš
죬ҵģ˵ʲô㶼ϡ
տֲõԤУҪǲأ
źϡ
⻰˵ò㺬տһϴ˹Ŀ⣬̿ˮһʱ䲻ײˣһתһϡ
ֹһСʵǲˣ
㡣
ɨһۣҪԺı֡
Ҫ׷ɱأ
λλãһͽȥһ𣿡
տ˵ͷ뵽һķţúñԺȥĴתƣЩ˹ǽ˴ΣõʱȥЦǡ
ܲץõǡ
տһ㶼ɡ
ֵһ˳ԿСԸһȺǣЦˡ
ǮȵԽãԺҥԾԽ϶ϲԽĻ˭Żʵ۸ǰĵһˡ
ڣˣǮ࣬߰ɡ
Ѿ̾͸ϡ
ڿҪԺſڵʱ˸Ϲ浾
á˵ҪҺһȥ𣿡
ǰŻڣǵһӣǵһӵȵżĴ磬üìܣԼĸԣչûɾܾģȻĽ׵᲻
롣
ѡ񽻸үôֽ֣ܣ־ܾ
˵ɾ͸ɡ
磬֡
ʶ֡
¶õЦݣ˵ŴԲˣȴڣǴ磬߰ɡ
оԷЦݴŲ⡣
Ȼ
վѡš
Ǯࣺ
磬ãҪСġ浾дŵġ
סԼҴ֣ģ㣬Ƕġ
㡣
ʱôϲ㣬ǶûкøУܾʱҲҪһЩģأ̫ˡ
Ǯࣺ
ˣ
ľǮԲסǮҼӲ̫á
Ǯͷ
ȫôһС顣
߰ɡ
ѾˣϿ¶Ҫըˡ
ʵҲˣʵ۵ȰȣŵĴվûгεˣΨһ֪뿪󣬹˺ųճյİ֮˵ĻϣԺ￪ʼԲֵĳϷһ̣·ƽˣ߸ϵĻ϶в飬ôһ룬ϵķҲûʲô˵ġ
ŵĻϣ̲סʱֻܽûдۿʼһһңԺ˼ˣûκεʧ
һȺ˽ʱѾǰĵذ塣
ˣ
ﻶسŻʵۻ֣ڶԷ׼ʱó˼ʮҳճһıӣüëţС𰡣ǲҪˡ
ĻʵǮһ˲ЦտȻϰ߶Էкķʽ֣ͬһˣ
֪ϺԼЩ𣬿ɴʱ˿̵Ҫѿ˵ĸо
ȥ
ʵۺƵضŹ˿ڡ
һȺѵ뿪
Ǯ࣬ȥſţκ˲ôš
Ǯȥţ˳㽫Źϡ
˺ǣ
Ÿʲô
ԡ
ֳڰԺǵɫʼ
ڹűϵһ˲䣬ʵ۾ʹϱܵǰһѶĶʼؿԽ۾Խʼ٣ڲۿɼĴһּ˷ܵ״̬
Ͽʲô
Сʵ
һ֪ˡʵҲ²ۣôƻ飬øСһ㰡
ʮҳ
ʵۻ˰ʱŴԵĿ꣬Ȼ۾ﭵؿ˵ĽԲԣ
š
ͷִӰóһ˶ûм·һϹڳ۵ĵ
˵ǰչ
崺ÿÿ
˶ͷ
ÿúܡ
տ̲סȥһѴ򿪣һͷ𣿡
˺
ƻѾˣ崺Ҳȵһ齨ɵʱɻԸڷ嵶ô˲Ŵ·嵶ݵǰһվǺεȵ硣


67 
, ļƻ飬ԺﱻԷĳÿˮֱϵıֱӱ, Ҫ
ʵ̫ӵжԼˡ
, ҵ뷨, ￪ʼԼ򵥵Ļ˵׼ô齨ȫռǲܵģ뷨ȴһϲȫţ·չ, ˳Ļ, ٴţܲʵ۰ȫ, ٹԼȫȵ, Ϊ, άΰҪʱܲж
ǶĲ, ߵĸ˾ǻ, 
ĽṹԼһЩ涨
ʵۺš
һֱ֪ԼҶôɻʮ𺳡
ȻѾ뵽, νĻϲ, , Żðӣϲ϶ϲ, Բ
˵һ, ͣ
𾢶Ļɻؿ, ô
û
￴ŻʵۣĻҲˣס
Ѿǿ׵ģҵڷŲˮĵطصһˮݵϣС㣬ȵɤӡ
˵ִԱӣС㣬
һߺȲ裬һ¡
ʵ׼£ȴѾһѾߣ
á
ƽϣѾѰѾ
ʲôҲû˵Լȥӡ
϶ˣͿտȻҲ
ѾݵؿԼС㣬ȻͺС˵һԿɽֻҪʵҲǲñϥģҪŬѧϰ
衣
￴ĻʵԼһЩտˣ˵
ڿҪʱ
Ǯɫ̫࣬󣬻ʺһﲻ
ɴʱ˿̣£ѣҲҪסⲻѾһƣݶˣܺʹؾصعãſڵϣϵ˵šϢŭĻſھǲÿ
üʻϣǮܵã
ʵҲˣôõĶȻûʽԺѾζˣķǳʱ򱻴ţ⣬֪ΪЩȣðһʵ۵ҵ뷨һӡ
ûã
ʵ~
̫ܣ
Էʵɫѿĸͻʺĺǳεİƴϣѿúܡ


տˣ
о۽磬ԭϾȻô۽ˡ
ãԼεĺܵλտ˲ֱͬͬҪʵʣûʵ޵ݡ
֪ô𣿡
ʵ׵Ͱ͵ҡͷ
ھҵġ˽ϵĳɳ͵ạ̊́СݶΪˣ͵ѵɡ
ι

ô˵Щ̫˰
ʵҲֻôһ£Ϊ֪õһҴֱֲܾˡ
ȥǸƿˣ
ָŰֱߵ໨ƿ

Ҫ𣿡
ҪܶǮġ
һѾǮ
ѾֱӴӻǮѡƱݸ˻ʵۡ
Ȼ˵Ǯ֣ʵۻǲ̫ңɿһ㲻ҾͲɵı飬վҧ۽ƿ
ң
Ǵ
ҪǮҪʵ۰칫ĵط̫ͻʺ󶼸ҳ֣ɼ⹷ʵƽжйһ£ԺܻɷӵģΪãҲΪԼǲµġ
ԭ
ʵЩж
һģؽƿȥ
˵һЩ
ʵ۵ͷ
ƿһңͦģҲСȻ
޹
̫ͻʺɫ̾ͱúѿǻϵһ˵
ûꡣ
ĸ󣬻ʺҪʲôӲ޵Ĺ׼췴𣿡
̫ɫףʺҡҡ׹е󣬻Ƿôô˵ǣ
ĻʵҲ˼ؿ
üΡ
Ӧô˵ĸͻʺġ
Ȼ󣬿ûлͷֻӲͷƤ˵ĸ󣬻ʺĽ޵һ֮еĻͺúûȥʡΪ̫ͻʺʲôʲôʧ˷ִ磬˱֡
⻰̫ǰһڣֱӾ˹ȥ
ʺҲܲܡ
ΪôǣҪǣǵΪȷʵڶµĹء
Щڡ
̫ˡ
˭ﴳ
˵Щʵ۸о˶һˣһ̣ᵽһ˿˿İֻǻصλϣͿʼЩĸ޵ʺΪ̫ӡ
ġ
ﱾͲԸܻʼҵ£⻰ⲻˣǺǣˡ
Ҫˡ
ǣ޲˼֪Ϊ޺ãֻ޵һô˵ԥһ£ſ˵Щ¡
Ƕ鴤һ¡
տЦʮԡ
ʵ!
аɣϣȻ㲻Ҷ£Ҫ˵ģֻϣףǻʼңͨ˼ңڼô֣⵱˵ӶҪġ룬ﻹǾԼҵӣ˵ң˿϶ҵҴ磬ҵʱǴ̤Ժӣ˵鷿µĵط
ͷȷʵˡ
⵹˵ҵТֲ̺Ƕĺã£¶ٿڣܸТ˳̫̫ԴҶá
ʵ۳˼
˵˼£˵£ǻϣģôȡ˵˵㣬̫ͻʺҪȥ鿼ƾ٣ȥ٣򣬽Ǹ㻹ʲôʵֱۣȥĹԶӺòã
ʵߺˡ
Уǻʵۣ˵ıʣ鶼̫ͻʺԤţôЧֻʫ˴ĺҵ£ʲô𣿡
ἰĺʱȷʵ˴԰һժˣʣ¹ͺͺ֦ɣҪһʫȥ
֡
ˡ
ԽԽġ
ߣʶҵġ
öҵģҲҵġ
Щˡ
ϣڲǱڻޣҲǻûСӣѾףѾԼĺˣڻλϴô꣬Ӧж˼ԼжΪԼԲҪҪǲӦǿʲôо֮
̫ͻʺǲǺģ
Ҫ

û˷ִĹģΪöȵıֻɱ硣
˵⻰ʶԾȻģҶûκεͼõκεĶԣҲĺ
ǰ滹ܸжĻϣֱӳ鴤
û˵ڡ
ոǮ࣬ȫƺûǵ˭ǸЧҵ˭ʵ۸ղ˵Ҳ⣬Ϊиʵ۵ţʲôûС
ʵͻȻޡ
̫ˡ
ǰ󹬣һǺҳɳǮ࣬ûмġ
ˣûûйϵȵͻףĻʵʲôӵġʵܵĴᣬЦŹһ£Ҳ治ɫ̧һԼ


68 
̫صܿ, ʮͷúܺãƤ𪣬òǲ˵, ׯ, ټϾþӸλ, ˴źǿơ
ʱѾЩƲסԼı飬ʵ᲻ҵıӣѾ
Ϲһѵūš
ϣһֳֻԴ, һֻ, Ž顣

ûС
Ļʶʲô
һŮӾԻʶģõ֤
ʶ
ҲûС
Ķôд
, ľǷ, Ҫߥ, ʶǾԲô˵ġ
ŵôĹʶȻ˵Ҫ췴, ˵ûй, ֱǽ˵ϣú󹬵ôصغһ, ﻹܵò, ̧, ұӡ
һߵվͺгöࡣ
ڴ̫ͻʺֵСع鵽⡣
ʼĽ̫, ǽԺӴ֯, ҲǾӢеľӢ, 뾭ϸѵÿһϷ崺ĽҪͨҵĿԲϸ񡣡˵
ʵ۵ͷǱġ
ö˺ʣ࣬Ҳٰ̫ɡ
һǧˡ
ʵһ
˵ڿװĴ磬¶õЦݣһֺܲõԤУϣҴ磬ʱģ˫ȫǻ۹ˣǿƼ

Ȼˡ
ѾףôܣμҲˡ
ʵۿȷʵǷǳģֻǣҴ˲ţͬ
˳
磬ոҲˣл˵쵼ˣ϶ûʱģңǰ߸ˣЦеؿڣϣܳΪϵĽָʹһ㱾ͺܳɫ㾭鲻ǵ׵ţҲ԰ΣҵǾԲܱ¶ġ
ʵ۵ͷ
Ǹɱ
ǽѾôˣҲ򵥣ż
¶һЦݣһеѡ𣿡
ԼŵģԺʱ֣ҪֵĻҾͲὫעˡʼ磬һܹҵӡ

黹ԼĴˣҲʡ
磬ûп˼ǺƽƽŶֻҪŬܿܺǵһپӶƷʱͬں˪ΪĿƾٷܶѾΪƷԱһ룬˵
˵ף㻹ԼҪҸȶԲԣ

˵ʲôʵ
̫˾ǲɰ
磬ãô
ｿŽ
ʵۻһĿŲ˼飬ȷˣǼʶ̫ˡ
ָʹõϵİΣ͢İΣյİΣļϣ磬԰ɣ
ˣŬòá
ԼҶ˵⻰ʲô˼ֻһ֪ʲôĴڣģòţԼȥѵԼȥȡ
š
￴ϣĴ綼׳ˣϣ⹻ɣ

أ
ô˵ĺ
ϵͷȫǵ֮ǰжˣϲЧʣǱڽνƻ飬д̫ˣͨƪûһϻǵۣдõƯǷϻ̫࣬ÿ춼Ҫ˷öʱ䡣
λ
￴տˣھǸͨͷӣʵֵһ˵Ŀտˣ˵书µһΪֱʣ书ˣԺĶ̸սһôһصġ
ʵۿֱŵˣŻɣԺ̾˵㣬˵ôô
ԣλ˾ΪϰС̫͸ҵ𣿡
ʵЦһС̫û⣬Ҳ֪ȥң
ðɡ
룬ҽС̫ߣϿռӽѵҲҪЩ˼ΣԵĲ˵Ǳġ
տˣ
ιιûʹ
һֵһ˽һС̫࣬ǲЩء
΢Цؿ
Ͽ̾ҡͷû
ȥС̫ƣǲɣѡ
ϵǲĲΣⷽ棬Լ̫š
Ǯ࣡
ſڵǮ߽̾һƵ׵ò񻰣Ǻòϻһ¾ͳˣô£
Ǯˡ
˭ô
ūû¡Ǯ΢΢õǰ¶˳ûһί
ɻʵȴ쳣
ĸ󵽵Ҫʲô
Լʲô
Ǯ࣬޵ּ⣬̫󣬻ʺ£һٱ顣
Ǯ̧ͷŻʵۡ
ŸʲôȥǲҲ޵Ļˡ
ǣūȥ
УСޡ
ոջЩ𾪻ϾȻּ̫ͻʺһСӣΣˣרҵ̾ͷӵãǣūȥ
Ǯ뿪󣬻ʵۿ
õԷһĴָޣľȻһӾͰҹһɿĵĸо
һе
ܸоԼļɹڻʹݡ
̫Уӵʥּ̫ȫ׶ӾȻôܵģϲôģ㣬棡
һоⱲӶûܹôĴ
һǻϵ˼
С
ȥϡ
ˣȥ
̫ŬԼεһûϱǸӸסġ
Ǯסĺ£ѵ̫ϵʥּǽ£ʱǴ㿹ּ𣿡
ūţ
̫غǳ⡣
ǣūһֵǮ̫ּĺ𣿡
̫ߵ߸ߵżֻȴǧأôҲȥ
ʺǱҲͬˡ
ŵǰҵĹԱһΪģһû֪ΪһôǶôľ
ʱ˿̵ĻѹûЩ顣
￴ǰʮ꣬Ƥ׵òһ߰ߣֻǿ񣬿һܵ

տˣ
ʵЩ飬Ṧ̫Ĳҡ
΢Ц뵽ԷԼ䣬еʵǰɣ
ūǡ
ػ
˵һۿ㣬Ҿ;ʱϵˣ϶˵
ʵۣտˣ
ûɣ
ҽҲ˽عҵҲ￪˵Ҳ֪û˵ҵĸѾͷġ
ū
ôҲô費裬Ҹظ֤ҵĸѾͷǵҸģȻԼҲ㣬ܳΪǵҲҵҡЦӯӯ˵˵˵ҶҪֻһϡ
˵ͣһ£ڣҲ˵˵Ҫ󡣡
ūûʲôҪ󡣡
ڹ⻹м𣿡
ͷСһ㶣̧ͷ޵ķ
Ц
ᣬǲκһϰµίҲᣬļӦܵǡİš


69 
Ļ, ʵ̾͵ͷ
ôܻøµί
⻰һͷ뵽Ǯ

ίˡ
˵ҵļƻУҪ˺, ݳڻߣѶ˴ļ, ֻиĸ, ұ֤ʳǵһֱ뿪Ժմﵽһ̶ȣҲڲ˷ֵȥǡ
ĸ
СӣҲɽЩȻ, öûǰ, ǸªĵСɽԼˡ
ü˼á
ܶڹˣû浥ģһֻһεĻ, ץסֻ, Ҫô˵
̧ͷ, ǰ˵еӣūźūŵĸףĸ׻ڣôӻȥ½ū͵
ڱƭŽ, 뵽ʹͳ, ʱ޲ɱĸ׺ͺҲĺ֧ɹѵʱ⡣
, 治, ôȥҪȥеʱ;, ʱһãľˣЩʧˡ
ֱ죬Ϲˣѯ֪Щһֱڡ
ɽ֪ТĲԼ״ϵõһĺôˣƾʲô
䡣
ǵĹϵڱʱͶϵһɶ
ūŻһͬܵܣǻڵĻ˵ɽͣһ£겻ūҲūŵĵܵҪʲôЩһЩӣҪЩأϣܹƽϲ֣ҲϣڷԼĸ׼һȥĸ׷ǰݡ
ĸеůڵܵܣС꣬ûĻӦѾɼˡ
Ϊԭϸ˵û΢߸ݵһ˹ӣվһʹĻ档
￴ʵۡ
ʵֱӿڣãͬˡ
ɽڵϣϵؿͷūл϶䡣
ɡ
ɽŹؾصվ
غһոܵ³վЦߵɽǰļ򣬡ĵ㣬ȿȸһؼңȵ̥ǺٽͻعǸʱǺǮλһ̫ܹܣֻҪϵİȫǮҪ˲ˮôࡣ
лӡ
ɽ֪ڻϴӦͬʱһɽǰˡ
ǻϣң˵Ϳˡ
ǣ
òˣͷŻϣûУ
ҡͷ
ãǾͰƻ¡
룬ʲôɵĻʵͦģִӰóһȣģǻϣֻģ˭ֱŪ
ǵġ
ʵ۵ô
ʵ۾ȻҪǱ˵ĸܡ
ô࣡
ֻ˵ôߡ
ʵۿŵȣﻰĺǸж˶ʵҪȫ֣ҪܵҪڿҽڼҪº͡һѶѵģû˿顣
ս˵ȡ
ҪǿӲ

ɿãٿѾ˹ĶĻϣʹļɹϵ̫󣬾ǲ֪᲻Ӱ쵽׵
ˡ
˵꣬ϻ˻֣뿪Ķһˡ
뿪ʱ򣬴ּǮŻ̾ʣĸͻʺΣ
ūſŶͦġ
ǿ϶ġ
ȻûгǵһΡ
ԣ˵ȷġ
Ӳ
ֻҪԼӲһȥ
ôһ룬Ǯ׵ø˳ȥһūţޣЧҵ˭
⻹ʡ
ǿ϶ǻϰ
һȺ̾ͻش
𣿡ȴţ֪ĻΪ̫ͻʺǵӣ޽͵ǵĹУȫǵģ
˶׹̾͹ڵϡ
ǵһΣ´Σ޾ͲҪˣȥ̫¹һʱٻ
˵⻰һ˦ӣת˹
ҿּһȥ̫¹š
ʮϵĻ߽ȥһ˳أȻǮ࣬޸ղǲǺ䣿
Ǯ̾͵ͷ
üëһӽҪı䣬Ҫѧϰֻ˵ķݣҲҪ

˵ð˵˾ȻôС
ϣū㣬һġ
ǮҲϣʱ̸ڻߣӹʲôͷöӡ
ɽҪǮϵĿĸҪ
Ȼ򸮡
տ˺ɽҰԺԱߵԺϿհһµʱ䣬ҪΪһ֡

˿ڿЦɣ
ûŶҡͷֵһˣģԲԣ
ʻЦвӮҰʱɱͨͷҪ˧Ͽգֻˣá
ͶϿյ̬ȫһɽı鶼᲻٣ɽϻᴦõģһͰס£ʲôӦҪʲô͵ԺҴѾǣǧҪԼļҰ
ūл

ӿɲУԺܷƸĴboss̫ܹܲЩԶ
ûϵһµʱ䣬һܽġ
ѧȥˡ

Ҳ˼˵ȥѧȥٽܵġ
һʱʮֿ죬һգ۾ѧˣȻǵѧӭһѧԣС
ԷһѧԵϢֱߵյǰ
硣
̿ˮôˣ
úܣһƺȥɵ׹˼ɵ˶࣬סˣȻС
Ѿˣôٻصġ

Ҳ
ҡͷܾ
ˣߵĶҪ
Ͳöˣ
Ѿ˰ֱӰã˵˼Ѿû˵ʲô㵽ǲҸ簡
˵꿴Ѿ
λûˣŶҲǣϴˣ϶ģ˵˶ˡ
ܺãŻؼҰɡ
ᡣ
𿴳˵ӲȻصңشƨʱǽһƽ۰游ĸۣҲƲͷ̫ˣ뵽ԺﲻԸͷ̫̫ʱԷ϶´ǣǻŶҪҸطȥ
˵ϾҪͥɡ
򣡡
Ϊһȸ˲صĴۣҲΪ͸ϧ֮׵
ûãᵽһ飬ǾɣŶžûˣԺҲ¶ˡ
صУǹԾؽͥɺ̫̫ҾʮԼûУ̣ҶǺðɣ
˶õˣȴһɫûи
̫̫Į˵Һġ
ٽܵһ
˶˵ˣٽƾʲô
ͥľһ㡣
磬ҪҸ㴷磡

ֱͥӿڡ
ŮТ˳ܵȻ
ֻ˵˵վͥɺ棬ʼ紷
Ա߿ţţǻֵģûѵõһ㷹ʱⰡ


70 
ɢȥʱ, ﻶֵغļǴк󣬺ŹŹֵĵ뿪
վԺſڣ˿ʵɫ, øõҹ, Ӧú๫Ժʫ, ͻˣ鵽ŨʱٻطϢôţȾ˼Ķɷ, , εεؽһү
ͬһʱ䣬ͥҲ, ȥ鷿, Ҫ㡣
á
һ, Ҫʲô
ֻǣ
˵
ôһȻЩ̼ţƻ˳Ļò˶þͿԺƽƽ, Ŷһȵ̲סһС
ͥɿһ, Żͷˣһʵ£
ˣ
ʱ˿ĵί޴˵, ֻܺҡͷ
ǾЩϢ
˵, ͥɴ뿪, ĽŲ
ҵŮǣ
һѾʼĬĬĴˣᣬĺֻǣʱˣǸԻطϴϴ˯ɡ
ͥɵ鷿ڡ
һĬĶӣͥɫûʲô仯̫ͻʺѵ⣬㣬棬ûйϵ
⻰˵ġ
ҲûС
˵ģͥȴҲס
ɢʱ룬һ䣬ܻоϲŶ
ѧ˵
õһѵ⡣
ߡ
ϲ
ͥȫţøĿǾš
һߡ
տҰԺĽһȷ磬һ߿ŲԶæµһȺˣ¶
ɽµġ
ƽϣѾϺͿͿĨĨΪԷ˵ˣǾһֱôֱţżգ۾һҲûж
ȵͿĨɺ
˾Ա£ôţһӾͺá
аɡ
Ϊһµʱ̣ܶҪѧϰ֮⣬һҪò̬г׵ظ죬ԣܻһЩ

ࡣ
¡
ֻЩԺ
ΪϰȫĵһˣϵĵӺأշҰﲻæЩҾѾˣҪúÿĿ֣Ҫñһ;ãۣλǰһ
ɽ
Ҳܾ
ʲô
ܶȻҲ˵ɽɻԽԽࡣ
УһҪ棬޹۶ٵۣҪͱ鶼ϰ˿һۣ;ܵƭ۸
ɽ
Ҳ
ΪʲôҪ˾Լܺƭ
û꣬Ϊֿˣһ㣬ܺãһµѧϰѾﵽһֵˮƽҪˣʱʱؿżͿ㶯Ѫװܲãһƾ͵ģ
ɽ
Ϊʲô
Ĳ
ڽͿʼ͡
ɽ룬˵ģصߣ˭㣿
ᡣ
û˻
룬˻᲻û֮ԽߣΪĺɫ
϶ġ
һģûӵ̫ྐྵȻǮƽƽΨһõóֵľƺܶ˶ῴ
ȫ˵뷨ֻúúñϾˣһ룬ڻΣյʱһֱĹƯس֣ɱķǺεȵķ⣬˵⻰ʱԺͻȻðһ£һͷںڳ˫ϣһ˫۾Į廨ոĻ档
һ
ѽ
̫ˡ
Ǿ߹ʱ̡
ȻȴЩ̫ΪͻȻͼ󲻳ֻʲôϵ
һ̫Ҳܷ
ֹ
տҲ˹Ҳ£ҲҪ
̼ģĻ棬ͻȻһ߹⡣
ã
ͷ˵
²һͷûͦģ䲻֣׻Ҫæ£ԣϻǴӦˣһתˣϿհûʲô书廨뵱ģ
Ҫ밡
Ŷ
˵ļ򣬡շҲͽˡ
ġ
һ磬ϿշɽĵӲҲͦߣָ㣬һӦûġ
һϣɽ֪ʲôˮˡ
ԣ治ǵ۾
ֱͦˣӲձ
Բģǿǲǿĵƣ¶һ½˹ҲҪϵͻϵȲҪҪ֪ڻߵıɣǲ߶Ϊǰߵģ𣿡
ɽʾףҪȴס
żһµʱ䡣
ôοġ
һµʱܳ

Ŭ
ڶճϣͥɵľһֱûзɹշô飬ʷǿ϶סˡ
Ҫ֪һТµģôҪҡĸ
»ٿ޳Щʷ뵽˶Ըķ߻ϵ·û·ߣ˵˵Լȿ
Ϊʵ۾ûޡ
һʱ䳯ȫʷǵĿ

죡ʲôط޴ĵطͳһģһģǼȻ̫ͻʺˣ޵Ĵ߿̫ͻʺһҲؼңǵĸ׺ͷ˽͢£𣿡
Ǳ
֮ǰɤӵˮΪһ̣ʾ˭˭ȥ
ʷǣ
һ
ȥǲТ˳𣿰ĸױУʷ̨칫ʱҲôǵĸף©ǵĸ̻塣
ⲻǺ
ϣ𣿡˵ʷһҪײļơ
ǰǿȥɣȥײøĸλãʱ޸Ӱ䷢ТӡҶ
ʵ۷ˣ
˶ôš
Ȼһͥɡ
ΪǶ֪ʵ̫ʺ֮
ͥɣ
̩ɽ
ʾֻ֪Ҫͺ޹أǵĻǺǣʷƨԪڣ¿״Ԫ˵ЩͻߴߴҽУͿޣײǽʷ
ɨȥ
ʷ̾ףλǲ
ϵĻʵۿһĻǽһĽʲôʱһȥԷˡ
ˡ
ѾǲĽˡ
׼ƻ˵£ʱֳ̫Ҳ̫ҵĵˣԨܴվ˳ڵϱʾ̫ĴҲĴԻϵڴҪؼҾ˼϶׼
ͥɿŹڵϵܴˡ
ة࣬鶼ڿ
ڻϵı仯ʵǷǳ˵ģϻϵ˵㣬ҲûпƺãǺϵĻÿһǴģ̫ͻʺʧ˷ִ硣
ðһԴǹٱȻЭˡ
һȺ룬վʲôû˵Ҫڴá
Ԩ֪ʱĻϷȫ֮ǰӶôչ˾˾ˣܴϴ˳ë۵ĻϿܾͲˣɶԷƫƫвǲʵۣҲġ


71 
ܴ, ȷʵ۶ŹڴϵԨԺСʱܰ棬ʱʱش, ڹԼҲļͷ֣, ䷳ؽڿҵ, º͵ذοȵȣڵʱ򣬳˸ĸϲľǾ˾ˡ
ɸ뿪˻, һжòһˡ
֪Ϊ, ĻֳԺ
ʱ˿̣ʳ仰ʱ֪˿, ﻹǱôһ˿˿ڴֻҪ˾ջظղŵĻ, ǿԵʲôûзġ
ȻԨ֪ϵ뷨, عڵϣ΢Իϵڴ
Ļʵѹûȥ
¶Ⱥһڱ䣬Ӳ, ȵԷ˵, ǸɴصͷȻִܴ, ޾ͳȫ, 䡣
ϲԨΪ

ƾʲô
Ϊʲôÿһζ, 
Щ˿ڿؽϣнɻ
վ˳վڳϵģûɵӣԨĳȥô
Ӧġ
ȴӿˡ
ܴ˻ؼҾݴְ񣬿
ľϲ٣Ź֡
΢ּ
ʵۺ̬ȣȫûйɹŵԨɨһеĳӣλǻ˭ģְλģְֻλòģ˳ĵģԾ޵Ĵ˲żüãȱһ̫Լ£
еĴ󳼶ͷ
ŵԨܺ죬ȵϵ亹ȴһֱð
ޱȷⲽˡ
жŻ˵ôĻ
ĹְѾصģ»ܼ˶һˣûܼҵ֮ء
ô˵𣿡
ʷҲˡ
˵ʥ
ûУ⻰ʱ󣬵ţǻʵ˭£ǰǹ˼̫࣬һҵǧôţûʵ۱Ȳ
شһĳĬ
û£һ顣ʵ⻰һ˶һ
ͥһһˣ
ӣǧҪ̫ףĲؼҴӡ
ڵĴɱܴ裬ֱҹ£һˣǾȻûܸһĽͰΪ̵档
ǡ
رվںһȺһαôЩѿ
վǰһ飬ûһһ˿˿仯ģ뷨ͥɲ࣬Ӵ𣬻ǳϢŶ ô̼ѽ
ǿˣǻ翿ޡʵͣһ£ϣʵϵһǣﻹЩŵģһ£Ҫةֻ࣬ߴ󽫾վŸɣԼֻ˵ķݣôţǰһؾվŵسǡ
ǵ̬ȡ
ϸǴӣ˽̵ǽ̵˵ʱǶǹġ
ôţе㰲ο
ЩӦһֱǵǻϡ
뵽Ҫ˵飬ΪԼԺ󣬱㿪˵޾齨רŸ޵İȫ
⣿
ͥɾЩԾ
Ϊ޵޴ѡ齨ȫȨǲò֡
ĹٲڣͶһۣ뵽ջ飬ͬѡ졣
аɡ
ҪǾ齨ڵĻ϶ӿʮҪмҪʲô˳ǰаæˡ
ʱһȺ˾ֻ֪ˡ֣ûнϡ
ǿ֮Ǳ̫󣬻ʺ󳹵ױ˷֮ġ
ͥǸоԾԼҿ׵ĶǸһĹԳ˹žͽ·
ʵۺܼ
˵ƻеıеĻҪ˳
Կʼһˡ
Ļϸջص׼չȭţյ̫ιȥϢﵣģվ׼ȥ̽ߵſȴͣ˵Ǯ̫࣬ҽȥĸ󿴿Ҫ̾͹ػ
Ǯû˵˼
ʵ̫ιȥˣֻܿ˹ȥΪ̫䲢бúã̫ҽһͿһЩİҩ
̫һֱŵǮࡣ
ЩԸֳٵ顣
Ҳ벻ס
ԼǻϵֳΪԼ˵ΪʲôҪôѵ֪ڴ
ӹԵ̫ˣ̫˶ӵݡ
ڡ
ɲŻϻô飬ǣ˾ʳһС
Ȼһ죬յϢһٲԣ˾͵ðӣʼնûгֹ
ĸĹϵһ˲ͽ˱㣬˭ҲԸãôš
ﲻǿ˯ȻϳԹʼɽ
ʮʱ䣬Էı仯ۿɼġ
Ƥõˮü죬ݰף˫۾峺͸գµؿˣģüؿԣ΢ĲѽǺò
ȻǲԱġ
ǰ˭뵽ıϥСĹŵģأ

ͷ
ѾҲڸŵͷ
ʮѵڼûûҹĥѾ˾裬ʱ˿̱佱ѹͼϸڣл佱
˵
̫ô
вŮΣ
ֻҪˣѡĻŵȨ
ҲпΪĻʵ̫ˣǵԼ̫ҲʮѰĴڣ˵кûҲûСرļɻ䣬ԣҲžˣѽûжԲ˭ûκ캦飬ΪʲôͲܹĵ
ܵġ
һȺ˿϶Ŀ⣬ǰδеС
Σ
ʡ
Ī΢΢һЦü۱ŵּ̧䣬һ廨˳ȥұʮԶһС
Ѿ˴Ҵҵܹȥ鿴
ѽ
䴩ˡ
ܿϸСһۡ
عơ
ʵ̫ˡ

˧͸С㽫һ
ؼ˻ôÿ
С㣬Щ˼ˣĹ绪̫ˣ
ɽﳶһ׵־֣ˣǳҳݡ
ţġ
տˣ
ⲻǵСѣΪʲô˿˰
ʵѾòˡ
书һһǰҲǿǿɡ
ǣǣ裬ǰ䣬ǿķ磬տ˾һûô˧ҪǻʱԱɽ̫ÿõҲࡣ
ⷽԼˣһǵ㣬ղǸһижʮ죬Ͽնѧ㱣ֶΣ֪𣿡
ɽͷȻס
һȺˣ̶ֻദʮ죬ѾⱲҸʱţжʮҪ뿪ˣҪϧҲܹ
ϣԼܵؿĹӡ
ġ
ϣԼܹԼͻϡ
Ҳġ
ɽӴԺһҪΪһ̫࣬ҲҪŬΪ̫Ҹһ


72 
ҰԺԱ, ɽһԺϰ䵽ҹۼ˲Żط˯, ˵ÿʡ, Ŵһֱ˯ǰһΪƺ, ÿ˯ǰҪ顣
û
ɽرϲ衣
ԽԽϤν裬ͺĲȱԵʱҲûôԽˣϵǧٿףĸͷԼյǿ, ڰܲҲս⡣
ָо̫ˡ
, ֪ǼٵΣ
ȵ̽ɢһ̣ͻΪ, еȫµɽӦ·
³Կ, ûץסλ, ٴε̶

Բ顣
ȷ˽мûɽôһӾͲˣֱܵԺ, 䡣
, տѾں˯ʱ, ϹɽĳԼ, Сһ佱, ٺ١
ЦȻ󣬾ӨĿˮ¡
ҰԺʱĸѾ߾ۼķΧߣԲ顣
˴λֻһϿա
Ѿ˾ؿ˵
Ҳˣݡһ£üһ廨ʹãɣ
ĸѾͷصͷ
Ľϲ˵ģǷûУϿղıذͷֵһ˾ԲǴģʱֻ˵һ䣬廨뵱ʮ찡ͽ˽̵㡣￪ڣֻҪڣʲôĸ
С㣬ǿѧ𣿡
ѾʳĻȵ⣬һУĽúܰ
ֹ½ųѾǣҲεġ
Ȼѧ
￪˵ЩӺϿյദ˺ǣһֿ˵ѧţ֮ӣ϶ǲȱĵģоͲȱˣ˳ˣԣǲ̫ܿ˳ʱʱغ
ĸѾͷԼСĻŲɵġ
Ѿ
ѾֱͦţһСԸģֻҪˣвϲʳģⷽԼϲʲôζΣҪţԹţִԼҵ˼𣿡
Ѿ̵ͷС㣬Ľҡ
ڳⷽ棬ǾԵȨ
Ҳǣҽ̸ǵʶʱʱ͸¶һ㣬ԣҲҪշִ磬ÿ춼иָΣ㲻㣬ȫԼ顣
Ѿ˵ͷ
ĸѾͷ΢΢ͬϿա
СĻҲеģҪö̬ȶϿգƲһʱ䣬Էβ죬ָֻš
ǹƻæȥԺѧλؼҲҪҪϿϰ䣬ڼǣҲҪɣѧжãһҪ뿪ǰѧ֣д𣿡￪˵
صͷס
ͣ
һһĹ˵ļ򣬹
Сġ
˵ڱѾĽš
ҲܳԿģرѧϰĿ࣬ĸѾͷǼֱ˵Ƿʳҹذؾ
Ȼ̵ٺãĸѾͷԼŬҲǰ״
˵ڵеģңԼС㷸ʱÿҲѧϰһܣСǾ似಻ѹ˵ʮͬġ
С㡣
ĸѾͷ
ˡ
ǼС㲻ͨˣûѧ䶼Ѿֵ췭ظҪѧˣƵˣǺúѧʱ򱣻Сˡ
ҪǣСԼûϰ֮£ͱʾû㡣
һС㿪Ϊء
ĸѾͷˣԼ״磬δĽָʹôԲţյˣһΣչˣȥôܸɵĶ׵
ǣڶѧڽԺֿʱϢصݸԼҴһֽдԺÿϳԹҰԺϰ䡣

ϵжǺǿģȻҲԽС
ܿ죬˶֪ʵҪ齨Ҳӡ
һ
ٿһ֡
ǳ鴤͡
кѡǸʲô⣿
ðɡ
ϲ棬ɣͥɶôģôû뵽ԼҵĵճӾȻμô͵ĺѡ
ˮԺȻҲյϢġ
ΪԺѧǣѧֻһѧǣʲô
ʲôϵ
˵Ǿǿһ۾Ķ
ֱѡһ죬ĴȥԺ·ת˸䣬ϴǸʲôȥһܸȤģ
ȥμӽѡ
̫ˣѵȤѭȥ
ʲô
һ˲𣬡ϴûɣ
ǣʲôġ
ϴ󡣡
˶ȰΨ˵࣬òͬһ
ٽͣ½ŲҸȤǣ⡣
˵ѡĵطȥ
æϣϴʲô˼Ҫ𣿡
ôԣĴ競
һ𡣡
ٽɨһۣƵѡĵطϾס̫Ӹȥкѡɼϵӡ
ʵȷʵǺӡ
ϳûʲô飬ֻ׼̲סЩʧ
٣˺ܶ࣬ĳһ˶ûС

ż
˵ҲǵĲԣѡĽԽԽãʲôˣҪЩ֮ǰ齨ɽܱ֤Ĵԡ
ѡ׼˵ġ
д֣ϸļͥԼסַӡ
ΰʵ׼á
ʵ濴һȺˣһƬᶼҪˮˣĽð
øƨ
ոսԼĸϢдɣͿʼ⡣
Ȼǿʼ鴤
һ⾹Ȼǣϣףĸףӣףͬʱˮѡ˭һգĸѡ
Ƕó⡣
ֹ˶һľȡ
ٽܿԺ󣬵¶ЦݣȻ˼
竣
ǲϲ֮ҲȴոշǵĿζĴβҪʣԼ뷨ǽһֺ
ԱߵĻŵ
ôô졣
УǲҲ
ͷٿԾ
ǽȦΪʲô
ɵۣ
ʲôⰡ
űʣһֶд
ĸ˵Ⱑ
˵ʱſĿ˯ǺѡӣԾȻԣȲùʵһżǮɵСС񣬲
ڲѣʵҲʹ⣬Ļشʮָɴ䣬û㱾µǶ˲ȵġ
ôҲû뵽ѧؼһһϲ
֪ͥԼҴȥμνĺѡʱ;òԾؼҵʱ򣬶Ѿˣ׼ѯʣͻȻãֻдˣǳСӡ
֮¡Ǵġ
ϵĸıԿ϶оĹ档
Ϊˣ¶˾Ҫʰӡ
֮ǰ˵ضеǮϸִУ죬褾˵ˣֱЭﻹ⣬ʦԣҪûţ˭涨˵ӾһҪʦĻˡ


73 
ͥǺһش, ˮֺ䣬㳶Цݿ֮¡
Ķ
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ҲԷŶͻȻõԭ
֮¡ɨһһĶ, һŽеĿ˵
꣬ͥɿ֮¡
褰ֵİߵÿѪͷ̫ѿˣͷŵϣʮҪҸ϶ȥ
֮¡, ûЦ
ŮΪʦ
֮¡˰, ӦúĹŮϵ̫ɡ
, ǽôпܵĽ˵Ͳӽ̳һӣ
ҼȻѾţѾֺ
ܹ, ڳһϸ׺ɸֵģˣһ⣬ҪһԿĹŮҪһﶼ򲻹, ʹȫ۵ķӣ
ѡǰߵġ
׵˰
ÿζ˵, ˼
бʵİ
ǻȥɡ
ȥˡ
ʱͥɿ, Ҫ
ˡ
ˡ
͢س֮Ľ, , ͥ˿ڣȥȻǾԲϣÿζǶѾͷ£Ҳôһı˼褷竣ԼҹŮ棬Ҳǵ顣
˵ǰͷѾͷʲôҪͬҲûа취
û˵ȶãʹһɫȹһ·߽
Ҹ

ûǰ
뵽ֱ׳س׵üѯʣɶ£
˵
ͷ
Ƭ֮ͽ
褡
ǻƲ𾪾ǻ֣̿˵ϼǫĻ硰Һεºܡֻ˵ŮӣôΪͽĻ
ﲻһ
даĻλӰ׵ģΪ˵ǫ黰ʱ͵˦
ԣʱ褣һӦȻ󣬺ԥؾܾա
ֲ
㡣
褵Ѿˣ⻰̧ͷԲ۾
ʦѾˡ
ܵǱܾ
ô
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Ҫؼҡ˵⻰ᶼð˳ʵ̫ˡ
ΪˣͥƲۣΪ֮¡ӡ
죡
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ǣ־˵ûʵ̫ˣöûʵ۶׺ͥɱ׵õѡ
ֶŮһӣٿǿǡ
֮¡Ц˵ʲô
ҪǮҲԸ
ֻرæﻹû˼˿֮¡ٿ褣Ʋ죬壬ҺϲҲı仰ֻǣ褣ʲôã
褵ȭͷյúܽݶҪҧˡ
̫ˡ
֮¡ϸ˼Լӵе㣬Ȼ󣺡
ʲôûС
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ʮ߰˰ɣ壬˵һģֵ˳ƵҶ
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ڣ̲סˣʵʲôõģ
úð
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ǡ
˵ͻȻת˻ڣȻӻҪģӣͽǲܵģȵСʹһܽܵģȵܴﵽͽ׼ʱʽʦҲ١
ҲҪ
Сʹ
ܹеԼѵӣ϶ɾ۸
С褣ţԺҾͽСɣһ仰ʽ˵ĻҪãͲվǰˡ

Ȼ
Сʲô
Ҫ׶ӡ
֮¡ʮͬĻȫûͰ͵ĶӣͷǾͷֶŮˡ
˵
ֲһ䣬Сҿܻģʲôʱ۶Էڵġ
ᡣ
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ǣС㣬褵С˾ôˣ֮¡뿪ʱЦŶ˵СܹһֽұضϺл
һҸӺ͵Լҵߣɷҵ׵㿴ûУŮܸأԺɲڴңֻ߶ҴСеˣҶܹͽܵˡ
ͥɿھ㡣
㼵ң
˵һ顣
˵ƫ˵
˵ЦǺǵˡ
æµæ˵ҰԺھûһŵġ
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ѧڼ䣬Ͽֵһˣָ㣬ǽֱ˵١
ϿҲڸ̾츳

ôͽķ䣬ΪʲôûдԶķ䣬Ǵ˵׼ĳ𶼱ˣóԺúȵźţһͻҪ
ҪǴҵķ䣬Ѿˡ
һҲʵĴ𰸡
أ
Ծ
ǧٹֵ֣Ӷˡ
һ⾹Ȼ˵Ĵһģһ
ĸѡһûѡдһҵˮȥȻϣĸףȶӡ
ӵӵԾˡ
һһϣٶѾˣֻ֮һţϰҹǲܵģԣƻҪʱɣһǷż
ѧŵʱͿſڵ褡
Ӵ
ˣиյСܡ
С㣬Ϻá
ɫѿԳĬˡ
ϴ󶼲ʺã̫ˡЦ˵ô㣬һ͸ҵȥԺŶ
ȵȡ
ʶãһڣѾһ˦ӣӾ͹ȵȰ
ҵһһ뿪
褻ͷԼҵ
ԵķԸһߣ˦ޣˡ
Ҳ̫˰ɡ
褿ſտĽֵٻͷ򸮵һ׼վƣ࣬Ŀǰ·ûпСסһ㡣
ô죿
ѵҪܵˮԺ
ôܣ
ǻҪġ
ԡ
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Ͳܡ
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һʱķ֮ͷȫԴӦԼСܵʱʳĸôҪˡ
򸮵ˮԺԶ
Զ
ɼܲסԼĥ䰡
ͷԽԽߣ̫Ҫ˵ܿЩڸղû߿һЩȣƣһһسԺŲȥ
ڿҪʱһ߹Ȼͣ
Ӵ

ĸ竡
ⲻ𣿡¶һԴ˵С˰ôֻҪ˵ķѼӰ
ѾɵÿˣͷۻбۿųЦݣ˳ͣʲôҲû˵ԴŲ塣
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úܡ
һ͹ߵıСʲôʸЦ
ǣˡ
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졣
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ǡ
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ȻĬĬ褣һҪסǧҪǶ
ΪӻͷĻǵĸĸкܴĿܻͬ⡣

ϴôţ
ٽܿǣұǸܳ衣
һαҲԣƼһȺԼϴĿ˵ǧ˳
竲ϵĳٵˣɢͻȻ;ѧʵͦõġ
Ųסˡ
һֻſҪ̤ѧõʱǰһڣ˾ôֱֱصȥ
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ѾЦŰοˮ˹ȥŵԱߣ˾Լˮ˾ڵϢһ˯Ҳԣ緹ǰһҪŶ緹ѾˣҪٴʱ䣬ƾֻеȻҳˡ
Ǻǿ׵úܡ
˵Ļֱ褿˳ѾѾôˣΪʲôҪôң
𣿡
ѾҡͷΪ̫ˣҴܵԺֻҪһӶһʱ䣬㻨˶ʱ䡣
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ֲһ䣬С㻹ûа
褣
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˵
Ͳ˼͸֪ˣѾһûͬġ
ѾˮƵܹõõĵطӣҪ̧ͷ˾ҪѧͷҪʵӲú롣
Ҳ̧ͷҲͷ𣿡ʵҲ޵ģˮֹס̫ѹˡ
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̫ˡ
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褵þ͸ˣʲô˼
ЦԸ
ڵϸоȫ˵褣һ޾Ǻþãոյĺˮټᣬȱˮȱúõˮѵطɱſ޿֧ϰʼšƿǣȻ
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ȵʹȫûܽƿǴ򿪵ʱ򣬶ˮãۡһ˳Ϊʲôˮԡ
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ǿ
ͷٿ˯øһ⣬Ժ˾ˡ
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褿ǰһ߲ˣһ̶ţôһĩԼһС߲ȭͷô׷ɵˣٿŶ棬ѾߣټһԼһ׷е󰡣뵽εû˹ܣƢĲģС˵Ҳԡ
⡣
ϲ߲ˡ
Щ˵
šõ֡
۾һգգضò
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褵ɴ۾ŶѾ
ڽɽо飬˺ü⣬֪ԷĵˣӸһɵ־˯һԺ飬Ҫһ䳭һߡ
Ȼ󣬶ѾܿҲ˯ˡ
顣
竲
־ǻᱳġ
ոʱҲ˿϶Ĵ𰸰ԣѾûĻش
Ҳá
һתÿϢһ
Ȼʱ󣬶ѾС㣬ʼɡ
褿ʼ־
ѧöû¸ɵѧȤš
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оʱ˿̾˵߹ʱ̣úֱӾͺԸڵ䣬ԼѧܵĶ
ˡ
ȵ̲סĵؿŶѾ
崦Ѿ̧ͷطָ飬ǵǰҡ
˵ֵͷѧϰȥˡ
褣

ողô
ǴˣûԼҲ̫ȷ
ԡ
Ҫʲôʱ
Ҫ
ѧϰĶѾԼ˯úܳûס
յ˿Լϴ󣬡ıҼǵû
ˡ
ٽɨһ۶ѾѾָĵطˣһ١
ȵ˯ˣԶ褣ֱ˹ȥС㣬վ

ʲô
ʵʵڳ鰡
վλԱȥ
ﲻûвֻǣҪҪʲô
վã˫Ȳ̧ͷͦأո˫ֱִ¡
˱褵Դϣһδʮģǵһķϣʱվʱ˵ϴĸ֡
ʲô
褵ɴ۾Ȼĥ
ŲöԷóѵġ
ѧҲǾȵؿ
ǾñϵĥҪһЩڴıʧ

ЩǱٽֻһ仰֪Ǹ
վˣȲܶôʱ𣬡ĶҾ
̾ͲҶˣеڶء
ǶѾ⻰۾һС㣬
ǵС㽲ĹϷݣݱȸ㣬ûϵݶūǾûģҲ֪С᲻еúҡ


74 
￴ͻȻ˷ĶѾ, ĬĬغ˸λã˲Ѿø˾ͺá
վñֱ褣
оеĵطʹˡ
뱻, ֻܱŲ
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֮ǰʱ䲻㣬ͷվ
褿˿ѾֿڼװŭͷӲˡ
̫۸ˡ
һֱܳѧá
ѧǿ, Ǿûһ㣬Լ顣
褼ֲȥ, ֮УǶܹʹ˷ӵ˼͸ˡ
ֻϧ, ֮¡¶˾, ϻؼؿŶֱϲϸҲ, һƶԴ˹ȥȥǰɣǾȥڵλǰţʲôʱȥˣʲôʱٳ˵⻰ֿҵˣ˭Ҫ͵͵ͳԵĺȵģҲ
ˣ
ֱӾͳ֮¡׵裿㶼֪ҽ쾭ʲô
˵˵֮¡ü
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һӶûôᣬ˵ǽһľ·ҵˡ
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Ϊȫ۲
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˵緹ˣлٿԲ壬̫ҽ˵Ҫʳ嵭ٳԴ⣬ȫΪð
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վŲʱܲˣ
ڣ̣ϹȥúùţԼල֮¡Ƿ˺ܴ־סûдûõĶӣһ䣬ֻҪü죬ԲȣӾͳȫ㣬㵽ȥ
˵ġ
۾һ
誳пԼĴܵܣվʱܹĵط졣
ֵܼϲɿھѾˡ
ȻǸ߿Լĵܵܣҹ褶ۻ軨ŶӲϵ̿ˮ
ΪһܳĺӣԿ϶Լ׵Բġ
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еôס
ʱعȥԺֻʣһ֣
Զ
һֻ̣Ҫ˸ԣʲôԸ⡣
뷨һķһӾйˣҴˣҶˣҪԶҳԵġ
ӵ֮УﻹǺʧ
Ŷð
ûϢĶ
ԹԹԵȥĻ𣿡
𣿡褿Ͱ͵ؿ׵
Ȼˡ
֮¡ͷ˹ȥ

ǰƪ߲Լƴôһţ⣬һСоľҵ𣿡
ѾĲ˵
뵽һʣ޿ײ밡
ΪʲôҪһ˰
ԼĿǡ
ԲԣԵĻöˡ
֮¡Ļû˵꣬褾˿ӣ治ˣ̫ˣʱ򻹺ǿԵġ
ͬ緹Ȼ嵭֮ٶҪȻҲֻԸ߷ֱ褻ʮϧġ
һԼſڿ褵ʱֱüͷ
ʲô飿
Сӵȫû֮ǰӵܸеâ˷·һ㣬ʵʵվȻ¶һֺõЦݣ⻹ʶǸŵ
Ȼӣ
֮ǰ˵Сһŵ㶼ûУᣬôöӲҲڽĥ˰
ǲϲСڵģ
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á
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ˣҲⲣΪʲôյôԼսϸؿԼ٣Ŷ˵Ŀ佱Ҳ̲סЦ
ǵġ
˵ԽԽԼÿ
ȵѾջûסһ䣬ܱٽ˧𣿡
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̧ͷˮԺţôϴòŵĿͷɳƵʵˣ
š
Ѿصͷ
С㣬Ҿ˵ġ
̫ˣˡ
ܹˡ


һ߿һ͵͵شӰó۴̼۾Ȼ˳Ǿ֪еġ
褿ߺѾˣ
һ·
ҲֱܷǿĵˮϲõĿĿǵģУûй
һ˾سɹ
ӿҲƲס
Ȼǿ϶ҲǡСܵһֶΡ
٣ǴܵˮԺֲǽȡ״ԪҶĨˡһ˵ֻǣ˵⻰ǽһᰡԲϴʱЩĽǸӵġ
ǣ޳ѿ
ˡ
һеٽܣ
褺˷ܵĸԼϴѧã͵õѾķʣѾ㳭־ûУ
ˡ
ˡ
ҡͷ
ûϵʱ䡣Ѿᣬ³ֻҪǰûˣҪû꣬˼С㣬ҪʮŶ
褿Ѿȷ˵ģæͷʼ顣
ֲ̫ѿ
ѾӺ洫
ոԺ˷ܾûйȥʱ褿泭飬һ·飬Ѿߣû˷֮ĺ󣬷ܾ顣
ܲˮԺֳôĶԺԺǲġ
ֻǡ
Щ˶һŵʺţ
ʵ벻ô΢κ˶飬Ϊʲôܽ
жÿˡ
ʲôֵøж
Ժʼ˼
ͥɣ
Ҷ飬˭ҲסԼ
浾
ô˵أ
Щᡣ
öûܹȻ褣У취
֮¡
һθоˡ
ôòܵˮԺʲôֵø˵ġ
˵ģǿ϶Сʵۣ
Ľ
Сһ˵ĽÿˮҪˡ
û㣬û˿䣬Ļʵˡ
ԣ
ص㲻ǸƾʲôйΪʲô氡
ãʵ۲ͷ
ô죿
ʵôԣһ͹ϵǧյҸ
ô룬ﲻ֪Ҳں
ٸжʱվҪñʱѾûֻ֣褿סˣʱоֽŶԼˣֱѾһ佱̾ݹͷӦվһӵ顣
־
û
褸оԼŴûеĶ־ֳֺŵЦݡ
ѧʱС㣬룬ڶ˵磬ȥһ˶ɡ
á
褿ϴȥҼʲô
΢Цش
ڶεΪȹ褣ҲΪǽ褽Լ̫̫˶ڣк󣬿׼µ褣ȥѹˡ
õģϴ󡣡
˵껶뿪
ˣ
Ƿ·𿴼ԼҺҡŵβͣûۿˡ
뿪ֱӽ⣬壬˵˵ʲô𣿹褵ģ
ԭЩ˵飬ǲݵģŶӣԼٶȽ˵һ顣
ü
ԣһģֻö
⻰ôôְ
ȴ֮¡ҲĻǶͬЦеһ䣬ƺֶŮһ취ûУ˶ִ֮⡣
˭˵ġ
̾ͷҵԽǴңҾֵԽףжޣҲֵжףҵҶ׵ĶŮŮԣҲûãǸ
ϢϹͥͣ˽Ų
š
Լ֪ͦλġ
֮¡֪˼Ϊǹҡ
ҡͷԭҵٺޣȴģΪҺã壬أ
ôˣ
һ롣
ֱһߵĲ輸վ˵˵ôˣ褿˫ߵˮԺ˵رѵ飬Ϊʲôһ佱ĻûС
Ϊûá
ҿûõ˾㡣˵ΪѾ϶ûõģԣĽһ㶼ûпǰѧʲôң챳־ѵֵÿ佱𣿡
ֵ
֮¡ɷ˵ֵãȴо˵ڵĻ϶źġ
ŵ𣿡
֮¡
֮ǰԼ˵Ļ
ûôҾú룬Спʼɵʱдֵʱڴʱ˵һϿĻ𣿡
֮¡ʼ䡣
ԽԽѿ
ûУһ䶼ûС
ΪȽϴڸ涼ôݣʱϵ
ûˡ
һһ£Ͽʱʵɣ¶ֺõЦݣҿţĻ㽫õһųʦȴԸϥĶӣҪ𣿡


75 
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᲻̫, Ǹ첻ϷߵĶӣôܻ˵Ǹӡ
Ĳţ̾ҡͷ, ҲҪ褱Ǹӡ
ž۵òС
ү
˿֮¡
߸һȻҲҪĺӡ
ֶŮȿڲ裬ôˣǰֲûгͷ, ڶ첻𣿡֮¡Ц˵, һݵĳͲƽĴ, ֻͥɾȻӣҲ档
ƤЦ
ıͿ, ѹûнĻϣһѹķ꣬ʲôģ޹ؽҪˡ
¶õЦ, ͵ҽ˵ĻȫǷƨ, Ͳˣǡ
һæҪŽ褵ıֻ, ѵõķһκ, Է, ǻʲô˵ġ
磬Ѿˡ
ѾԼС㡣
վŶһͬ΢Цת
ˣ
ô˵ͷء
˵ֻ
ȵȡ
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ȻĲãҲǲʶô֮ˣ˵ЩΪ褺ãģҲ˵ĵģֶŮֶ
˼ǰߡ
׷ȥԼǳȻҪеƢҵĴҵĴֶŮ˵һ
˵ڲϵضԼ˵ţôΪ˶ӣûˣ
￴ȻأҵĴҹúӶ£ޣ
ôԼȥˡ
֮¡
⺢Ƣ
ϴˣҪô
ȻĴ￴֮¡û飬һҲ˵ˣ褣йϵ𣿡
аôûУ
֮¡ӴӼܵԺ飬ԺͽܣʦˣТġ
ˡ
ؿǰ֮¡ʳɻ󣬡ΪʲôôƢĹﻹܺɫ˵ƫƫͶԼ׶ҲҲأ
һ
ֶŮϾˣôãôҲӰ첻ң
׶ӾͲͬˡ
ı̫ˡ
һ۾Ϳʲôֱһ䣬Ķӿ浹ù˵֮꣬¡ļЦһ˿壬ҿóС㣬ǣԶûõģóʵж
֮¡
Ĭ
塣
ӻ
Ȼ˵ʱ򣬲ŲôӦԣϣС㻹ҪҼܵԺҺѾŵģҳ˰ɣҪǾöˣҲȥٲлз˺ϷˣϾӣǺҲǺҪ
⻰ЩǷᰡ
ҪҹŮһ㡣֮¡˵˻
塣
Цһ⣬㣬ôĳôƯĹŮˣҼ׵ǴʣҲӢĸףԶˣһҸ棬͵ĿȥԼĶӣټ
˵ꡣ
ˡ
ȻͿͥɡ
ﻶϲصסֱۣǲǵҺʹ类۸ҴҵظϹģ
ſʲôӡոձ鲻ͥɻȻô˵ȴûа㳶Ķ
ֻ·ѡ
֪֪Ҷ֪ȻҺʹˡ
죬ǹҸ˵Ļ𣿲


֮¡һ뿪ʱĺг棬ԭ˵治ǼٵģǴ򣬸Ҳĺá
ͷԼˡ
Ҫȥܰɣ誳п˵
á֮¡ҡͷȥ
Ȼﻹ˵ӿñȼ˻Ҫ仰
誳п׵йɲõԤУɲǻ˼ɳϵˣҪܲ˵طһܵס
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˵ͷ
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˵Ż￴̫̫۾
˵ãһ˵Ҳ̫̫˵̫̫᲻١
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͡
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ͻȻᵽĺ˿˿ϷˣֱӾͱ˾֣ôǽã̫̫ʮ꣬ô
ҪѰһ㰲οͥɣүңҵ俴ĺĸײ𣿡
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һ
ĸ׵ĸıЦ˵ĸףܴҲ
Լˡ
ĸףҲ˲ˣСؿڡ
ҵԺޣϴ󡣡˵ԼĶӣ̫̫ޱֻҪסӣͻ벻帣ɲƫİʹˣͲ̫ϲҲҪϱҵԺӾϲЦտǿҲܵᡣ
֪ġͥɵͷ
˿һϷĶѾͷѵ㳶Զˡ
ţ
ո˵ʲôţ
Ŷ
ˣܵǡ
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˵Żʱ˴Ĵָ
ѵ佱һ˫۾ؿԼҶ㣬һ֪ı飬ȻȫҾֻж˽
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ֻǣüѾͷԸʱȶѾͷҪѸ㡣
ţֻҪŬԺһܳΪŮʫˡ
㣡
˵ģжứôҲû뵽ڶȻôŮʫˣϲĴŮǰֱֵһᡣ
Ϊʲôǰû뵽
Ůʫ˰
ôĳƺ
ʲð
ãҪԼһԵģĲŻκһӣʵҸڴΪһʫ˵һ졣
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̾һ
Ҹʲô˵ʵҵÿֶǳĵġ˵֣ҷģ
Ϥˡ
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ܵȫһ飬һܽᣬҵļǣļˣЩһģӡĶһŶصװ̣飬ʣϽ
һ죬ֱ˯ʱԺﶼŶѾͷ˵Ļ
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Լҷ˲ڲſɡ
ֻǶѾͷ¶ԷҲ˵˵Ҫժ˷ĻûκԵСҲһֻ۱һֻۣţĿǰ״⣬ҾôгҸ
Ϊʲôôŵ㣬ֻһãϲ˴Ĺ°Ĵ˱ʾܲ
˵Ҳû
ͥػŶѾͷĻǰλʱߵŮ˺ܵģҲҷ˵λá
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ӦͥɵһĿ

ͺʲôÿ޵ģѾͷĻͺã档
ܽ˿죬ҲһҲܽ˵޵ݡ
磡
˶˯֮еʱҰԺɺ֣Ծ˳۾ԼҴ紩һ£վ˿У⻭ƯúܣҲ˧õ˧
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츳õġ
ĸѾͷɽôŬﻹϢ
˸Ƿˮϴһתȥľ
ţӰѾˡ
µڶ糿ǹǷһ٤Ǹϰ׵ĺúӣŵʱ򿴼վһ֮¡һЦûסǷð˳ϴûϢ𣿡
á
￪ڣ뿪ŶŸ˵׼С㣬˶ܼ򵥣㸸
˶ʲô
֮¡ʣͿĺ濪š

˭Ű
ո²ۣߵ׶ӾһжؿžϴΪ⿪ġ
ϴ̫ˡ
ʼˣ
ʮغһġ
ó

֮¡׼취ܾܸɵĶˣ㲻ĶӶɣСúܰŶ
ڴĿ佱Ȼֳˣ褸Ӿǽһ𾢶
֮¡ô죿
¡
ֻϣЩ˿
ôܣ
һɴ۾褹컯֮ҲͰˣ춨Ҳ
²ڴˣ
Ժ󣬸ǰܸϵٶʹġ
һȺʧʱ
ӵ׵
˶ͷⲻ׵ôһ˵顣
ҾҪԶһЩ̫ˡ
صͷ
Ժ󵫷϶ҪĿбӣҲпܻᱻȥġ˵ССıһ¶ŤĻ棬̫ˣҲġ

Ҳôõģܿ͹˲֮ǰĶˡ
Ϊ佫ܲǼֱȳԷҪɣͳһ̣Ϥĳ壬ǲ֪㻹ӵģǱүʵģС㣬ͣһСҪСѾС㡣
šصͷϴ̵ķţŲһƵڲ첻ܶš
֮¡
ܵÿҲĴ
ǣͣ
ʱĻСǸöӣȴǸøףŸʲôܻȥܣܣ㲻ⶼɣ
ͺ
֮¡ӣ˻ȥȻ֣ܵÿ
ûһ̲סܲܿ㣬϶ܵÿ죡
һֱŵһ⻰˶йͣ½ŲؿԼ׵ϴίҪȥѾںŬˣҪô
ʱѾĿ佱ٴγĶ
ȫǹ֧֣ʵĿġ
һû֮¡Ļͷܡ
ܵÿ죬ץϻȥӰɣ
֮¡ʵ˵ͺˣرǿŶӵı飬ҪԼ̷ͣʡ˵ģô;ûסء
ҡ
죬ǸĻȴô˵ڡ
Ŷͷ֮ܲǰܵǰ棬ҲôƵĿ⿴

̾
Ƿ˵ġ
߰ɣȥ
Ѿһȥֱӽ֮¡һһҵܵߣЦ˵С㣬Ҳôѧ
ϴ𣿡
Ȼأ
ЦŻشһƵ֮¡ˣ϶ǴˣҺѾֻʾһΣԼ
֮¡оԼǼʶˡ
ǰ棬ܺ棬ܣܣڣ˹ĻҪǮƵԼҶˣҲûһĻûаֵĲͷ⻹ǸƢõ
Ժſڣֻһ㣬ȴɱ˿졣
뿪֮¡˼ѧû
СôУӰԹίˣڽԼʱ䣬ܿ죬ͿǮཫѡ˵Ծ¶Цݡ
һ̣ĸ˵ʱɴ۾
ĸΪʲôϰ
˵ǾӢеľӢ
뵽ٽܵĻģ˽˰ɣ
־òܡ
õôԵİѱ̽˵ľ˳


76 

һϾ, Ȼ˵ò࣬Ŀʲôر𰡣𰸲úܡ
һת, һð˳һʲô˼˲֣̾;Ҫ򳯳Ƿݿ֡
ǣڶգ糯, һ˾ܸܵĿ, Ƿʲô
ʱĴ˵ǹ̩񰲣˳, ˶ڵǳɱûжôҪ飬ÿŸ˾ְ, ɵš
ڴɱ˶ͷ۵顣
ֺͳãƽ˵Ǳһɱơ
ǿ϶Ҫ׷ġ
ɲ鵽̶ֳȣȴð, ǣһȫݶΪ
ͬ飬Աȫץ, մɷãҲ˵᳹׵صｭʿ, ʱԴ˵ǼĲ
Ҳ⡣
ִ, ִʮֻ, õĻʵۿʮֿģֱһڸԺ󣬲ſڣˣʲôóġ
ҲûϣһȺϡ
ߡ
ȵĽ齨ɹԺ󣬲һȺʿƤͲʵˡ
˵ʵʱš
˵㿪ĵİɣ
ʵ۷˶ĬĬš
´ˣմˣԴˣЦеصĸд󳼣ֲõԤУ֪λɷ֪ǼҵĺӲμ˽Ŀԣ
λˣ
ǻ治֪
ϲλˣλͨ˵һֵĿԡ
λȫøˡ
ϲŲô룬˶˵ϵķݾӣЦݺǲã˵ﶼ˿ģ޸
죡
λɵӣǼҵ競ӣԴ𲻳˵ˮƽ
˵ֵҲЩ
Ȼ
һĵףף
һԺ⣬˵ƤЩ̡
ǽȦΪʲô
ΪҵŵȦš
ҵǽֵܡ
ҵġ
Ǵ򲻹Ҹס

һĵͦõģ֤ԼڶӵﻹʮǿĴڡ
մҲס
ǰһпĴ𰸣ԴѾ׼
Ψг´ˣҲǳյĵͷ˳ǽֵʲô
УȥһҪݺݵشһ١
ȻԺָǳ¼ҳ˶һݣиˣֲ̫Ҳ̫ˡ
Ժĳղϵش磬ȫ֪ϴΰźòõƨɺܿҪˡ
ͨչ涨ʱ˳
һľϲôһ˿˿ʧ⣬ҲãϾвο˵Уǰ;ȫ֮⣬˾ǱŶһĵ̬μӵģɹпܾһ죬ҫ棬ʧҲûʲôʧ
ѹûؾ֪ͨϢгɼõģ
һһ㶼⡣
˵ⲻ
ȻĸֱӾɵǾȻˣ
֪֮̾;ûνĽϷ˼㣬ǣϴǶôġ
ٽ˼
ĻԽԽãԶҪ˿ţǷųΪǰԽ谭ͻԽ٣ȵ׳ʱ򣬳ϵЩ˷ӦѾˡ
ȻĻ
ʵϣﻹûôࡣ

Ͷ̥һżеͨһֿʲô⡣
ϴô죿
˻ˣرǿһкܴ֣ͨһֿԵĲѡպʱӸóٵˡ
ӡľս
ʱ
ôӸʲô
ܾǲ취ĻʱһһƬڰ
ɲȥĻּҪԴġ
ǲúܺ𣿡
ҡͷǲ档
оֲܿ
£

ѡ𣿡
һҡͷ
ٽЦǾؽܰɡ
⻰һģһĿ첻
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ٿһ½˿ߵľװױݣͣ飬նǾƵСӡ
ô
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һ·һ̫ˡ
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ҰԺֵĵطϿյĲҪˣЦе˵ҵĺһģһ㿴ôһŮûһͷӣôô°
ͷӣ
£
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ˡ
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⻹衣
Ҫ֪ÿʳͺ飬ǵľ裬Ҫ֪СԼĹ£ǧأһͳѽİ©ûУǺСһ𣿡
Ȼһһͷӣʲôأ
ͺơ
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Ϊʲô
̫ƽˡ
ҽŽϴεĹ£ڽҲ֡Ļһ£˵۾һ
ҰԺǰ¿˵Ѿ߳Ĳ֣򶷵˶Ѫڡ

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ֵһ˵ϿգоǰĽȺ˸ͲƴĽ
ȵ½˶ڹ֮Уĺ׳þòƽϢ
Ͽա
һڲ裬һſڽеµһλ𣿡
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ĺɣɽӣȫΪġ
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Ͽ𾪵ؿ·˶ô˼Ļһ㣬˰ˣ˭
ǿ϶ǰֱؿڡ
Ҫҳߣ
ڴգϿֱ˦ӣ˵˭Ҳң
˵ߡ
һȺĬĬؿ˭Ҳûг
Ͽձ˵ͣ˽ŲǿգΪʲôʲôҪôˣүɣ
߾ͻ
𣬡裬ɨɮҪҪҪĻҵˡ
ɨɮ
Ŷ
ͻȻϿյ۾һӾˣĿǰԣӦˣһӾͼĵǰ˵ô𣿡
Ȼأ
Цſڣ͵Ҳ۵ĴڣʲôĴڣҶҲ˵룬ȵһȵʱ˭õǵȻһ۵ͷأ
Ͽѿ죬ֱӺԺ治Ǿ仰ϵصͷûûҾô͵ˡ
⻰ҲԼһš
˵ҪܹƵ˾Ϳԡ
һ룬ɾԽԽʱ˶룬ЩôãǵʦһǷǳĴڡ
Ҳûжˡ
Ͽո˵úӶ
վһĬĬؿԼһغ˵˵һѧϰһԼһҪǵõĻ
֪ݵǼǿ϶ǲ˵ȥģԣܿͻΪصĴڣϿգ֪ζʲôζżʲô˶Բһոǿ󡣡
ô˵š
տ˾ֱͦ˱˫ֱڱ󣬳һΪˣʵԴôһ˿˿ЦݣƵصͷûⲻ裬Ϸˡ
ˣ
ոŵҲ֪λ
ⲻҪ
ﵽĿľС
ȵʱ죬һýųôһϢǾ˳࿡ʳȻˣΪ֮ǰ̫ΪòߵԣŻߣҲ˸ˣҪòȡˣƷԺ֮˵꣬￴ſտˣôǲһӾںöࣿ
ţ
տٴεͷؿСȻܳͷڱ棬ҵĺãұôһںеµˡ
˵öԡ
Сֱ΢ЦͬĻ
ԣϿգ֮ǰС˵ĻҲӦܶɹջ˵ĳޣҪĽжɫʵԶҪġ

֪ʵҪ
ûڵ̫
Ⱥÿҹ
аɡ
ҲͲ˵ʲôˡ
ȺŬҲŬ
ŶãСӺϿն裬ǲҲӦһ
ġ
տŵһԴĲ˵˽յƵڶû˸ҳµڶ㽲ô£һЩУȽ̻ģһʱ䣬һܴݣȵһе书
͡
ϵ⣬ҿеǿʦһûġ
ٱĿտ˸оǸӡ
ˡ
ֿڣһţضǿĴţһ;ô˲򵥡
Ͽ֧°ͣʼ
֮ץԴ벻Ҫһ
ߡ
ߣ˲Ը

տһοڵ
аɣʽǳҲһߣǼѧ￪ʼ
ʵʵǲҪŵġ
Ͽղһ
ʼϳְҵʲôĲżϴԣ˼ÿһǵְ͹涨ϡ
һʱˣ
Ժȫĸֿںţˡ
ֵϿԺͳˣΪѧţӮңָ£ܿյص㣬˳öࡣ
һ˯ҹ
ǣʹĻʵҲڴš
ڴΪʲôҪϣֱӾ͵һſްй𣿡
аɡ
ԽԽԵĻʵۣǳ˳Ҳûİ취Ҳ棬ûϵ˭ǻأ
˴ĳ˲ȥһ䣬㲻ͱȥǾȲ˿ּĶӣȥ塣
壿
塣
պί
׵Ժоһٴ򰤵Īѵǵ谮Ķ
˯жȹģ·һգ۵Ĺ򣬺ܿ͵ѵʱﴩһȫסĺ·ɫֻ߽꣬ʣһֻ۾棬·ŵĴñӽԴס²֪˶ߡ
֮Ա֤Ķ׵վǰҲϲס
ｻˡ
ĸѾ˵ֿ꣬СӣٶϤϤһȥϣǵһĬ
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˵
磬һ
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ͷǳ鴤ؿصĺ깷뿪һ˲еնʧ
Դų
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ҿҪ·ˡ
ͥɿûж˵ǰļ򣬡עⰲȫÿĵ㡣
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֪׵ˣվʲôҲû˵Ϣ
߸ܰһߵȴǿɥԼüеĵطųգʱͿˡ
Ǳ̫֡
Ҳ밡
ƨۡ
·
ϴ㺦ҡ
ҪϴѪȥμĵĿԣҲڴ˳Űʹòҡ
ԻȥģԴǻֵܣٽܽ黹㲻ǻȥķǰֽݵġ
ǳ鴤
⻰ЩϤ
ǹȻֵܣϬ
Ҳܾ񣬳ǰһۣǮϸˣȷûԺ󣬲˸߲ҵسš
档
ǲʲôġ
縺ȫĲţ½Ҫĵطر֣һγֶڵĴɱ
׼á
ǰĻӸ󲿷ֶƵֻʣ֣ڳⳡ
ɫ׵Ĵ̷˵Ĺâˣｫһÿѡ⣬Ͽһģһĺվмţһ˹һָ֣ĵطվãͷӶ
տĹ㳡ԽվԽࡣ
ʱ粻һȻվĵλãĸǿŵ󵽵ģǵĳɼϲ£ֻΪŽ£мԵЩĿȻ˵ٽվһ۶ϳ
ٽܿˣü

ܲܳΪεĽÿһεϿαԼԳɼΪеһ֡ǸϿѧ˱ģʱһͳ棬ǵһԣӵʱ䣬ϾͻǵǰҲϲµĵһӡɢҶԲԣ
ϰ
ǻϰ
ĸ竣˵Ǹ߲ʵĴڡ
ҪǱֺõĻǰ;ˡ
ڣˣǵһУڶС
ʵжڴһӡжҪҲ֪ˣŻû΢һ֡
ʱ̻жӣغںš
ҲǰСʱʵʱ䲢㣬ܴôĿһĲˣӶǱģټԺѾģ
ӸǺϤģһ̤ȥʱЩŵġ
һ
סġ
ڰêˡ
һǮࡣ
ԷȻصͷΪ˵ˣȻԺҪĵѵһ죬Ҫʾһ»ϵǣҲδĽǴ
ϼݵ
վں棬Ѿ㳡վŵˣǮ೶ɤӺꡣ
Ϻ͵ɴ۾
뻮һضó˻ʵרͨı׼Ȼ¹ʮƵغ꣡


77 
ϣ
һĻ, 𾪣˷ܵȵͷ, ôĻʵ, ûĸʱǿҸֵܵ, ΢΢˫ճȭͷͬǻʱһ, , ʱ߹ȥÿһǸʱȣᶨ
ǵͷ, ̤, ƬΨһľߵȨ, 縺
ÿһ, ʵ͸һЩ, Ҳˣ緢ָ㽭ɽ
ڶ濴ţȻıûʵ۸һ£̲ס²ۣʵ, һ֮, ȴ㻨ס, һûҲĴ
ڰ©, ɽӵĻʵͻȻ, к׳־ʧĮľ

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ͼá
ոյĸоʵ̫ˣͲһ
ʱ˿һ㶼
һ
ҪٴһظղŵĸоȻûҵ·Ѿߵ˾ͷ
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ûʶûʶӾͻӣ͸ոһԽڴһ㡣
վм䣬΢΢ͷ
Ǯʾ⣬˵ƽ
лϡ
ֻ֣ȴǺ͸ոһѪڡ
ͬÿ˰Ҫ󣬶һվصԭλãʵһ۾ͿţݣţţǴһĵһˣɫúܡ
ϳȻҪ˵ģݽд˵ģʵ۵һοʱ򶼼٣ֱдĿ
Ѿñ͹һȺδĽ˵˳
⣬Ӷ׼ˣΪʵҪǱãǻʲôҶؼϴϴ˯ɡ
ֻлʵһ˵ȴһ㶼Ρ
ŶֹΪĳ嶯͸˵ˡ
ڳ侲Ŀ¾ٽܣۿߵ竼û۾øеһƴƻʵǴʱŵɱУüͷͳȥ
ʵ۽Ƭ̵İȻҪѾеˬϣÿ˶ܸܵԼĵĻȡ
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ͷһ㶡
һŻȵķ·һˮ̻ð̵֡
üͷһ
ﲻϵصǸ񣬶Բ˵Щ㰡
ʵۣ
ⶼʲôʱˣٽܣĿ
λ׼ǽٲ˵ѵҽһ£ҽжڣ
ЩģȻԷʱЩ˶ûסЦ˳ۣʲô֣
ΪĻ˲ʧ
ʵڳ鴤
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ٽ촽ÿĻȡ
ˣ
֡
κ鷢ã϶
ʲôЦġƫƫԼһؿڡ

Цţ˭ĸĸôвţԼҶȡ֣ӴЦҶӶˡ
⻰һ£ִЦ㣬Цþ͸
ЩҲһЦ
ʵ˲˵Ļʲô˼ˡ
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ˡ
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΢΢ͷ
ֻ֪Լһ֣ȫһΪʲô
û˵ֱֱ꣬ؿųա
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ֻʱʧΪһ󲿷˶ţǵ֮ǰĻûҪվãЦԣһСЦЦž͸оЩˣΪԱһɫվţһԱЦŵԼĺɵӣҲͣ
İĺųճС
ûǹģɱӺֻû뵽ȻˣֻҪģЦǰϣñó͡
ǣ䣬

ƨɻۣոЦҲе۵ĳձˡ
竾Ͳӳ

Щµġ
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ûҵĻ𣿳Уվǰ
ղҷ¿ּԴվߵǰ棬£ߡ
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ʻãһʳЦЩӣ̾ҡͷЦ
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ųգûеش𣬴˵ЦոôЦЦһӲͣ¡

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տһۻʵۣˣʼظЦոնԷʻʱ뵽ֻЦģڱЦЦȴʧӰ١
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һӺܳ

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Ҳǡ
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վŵҲǵһôܵЦ
ң
վŵˣվһĻʵۣϿգǮĶһȻˣʵ̫ˡ
󣬳ոоɤӲԼˣԼˣΪˣֻܻеطʹ࣬ƨɿܡ
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Ŀ޵һͿȴҪ
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ΪʲôÿεùĶ
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ͣ
˶Щˣǽˣ˵Ц˶һ
Ц𣿡
ˣˡ
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аɡ
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ǿһ¼ɣжʱκϸСĶҪ򱨸棬ЦĸұţĸţҲţ˭ҪҶҾİʮĺǵһηһ棬ֻЦһӣ´ٷʱ𲽡
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Σûһ˸ЦģǸĻϸȵȵ˵꣬Ӻ֣Ͽվ˳λ̫ʵʵսĽ̹١
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̫տƺʵ̫ûи֣Сˡ
̹٣֣ҺãŽ̹ôҲΪ˴Һã֪Եÿп෽Ϊˣ콫˹Ҳȿ־
ĬĬؿϿװŻȥһöøһ衣
ʵﶼЩĽ
̫
ҲҪƵĳƺţȻǻʵۣĳƺš
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һͲԣΪˣ֪Сڡ⣬İ˵̫ƺţţҪԼһ
Ͽڻ磬ͰʵϵΪһΡ
СǳݵϿ˵ĸ߹ʱʲô˼ˡ
̫ˬˡ
ֵһʱûʹ졣
ȵϿ˵꣬ûٷϻˣʽϿΣϯض
ʵۺϿµģһȺˣȵ˶úĺڲһŴֳ˵ǰҾ񣬰ھҵ
ʶԼÿеϴԡ
Ǻ߹ȫһģÿһҪÿһ˼˸˷θĹ£οˡ
ʱ·һգ۾͹ȥˡ
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ؿԼɷƵϴ󣬡ϴôһ鶼ûУ
𣿡
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ǾͲȥ
ٽܿ˵ǻȥǵôҵķϣǶӦġ
أ
Ҿú˼ٽЦ˵
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ؿһԼϴ󣬷ģˡ
ˣϴҪڻӴžʹŰɣȻؼҰɡ
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ˣ
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ЦЦһӡ
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ҵѾˣЦ׵ģҵӰɣ취Ⱦңұ֤Ժ˺òãôȥһġտڵϣų´˵ȣ޵øƵģһԵĳ·۵òУүҪͻ˵˵
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Ϊѵһζģ
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ǣģĺܲҵġ
ˡ
´ҲԼǸʲôˣ뿪˵ˣˣҸ˵˵ɵĻҲûа취
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ڳ´˿ӦûģϾ֮쳹ǣλҲôģ˶ӻѯֵܼܲסҪǲȥͻȥ˵
Ӿܾˡ
ҲЦеϢ
ն
õúܡ
Ƽҵ˶ǳãԽٽܾԽǰŪǵ飬κڵûУϾһ˭˭
Ťôһġ

û˼
үЦøһֱв

ţڴϵٽܾ뵽˻ʵۣЩĽˡ
ǰ°ϣһϵб̬Ĳľʧô󳼵ļңֱһ̣߻ΧһȺǿҳһص˵ģЧңѳ
һðһ
ںܺ

ƻŽ֮ʵΣء
ֻǣӦû᲻һɣ
Ľʵ۵ʱ򣬻ʵҲĽٽܣԼжǸһģܸ˵ζЦ
ĸ竽ĽܸоԷͽĵΡ
һ䣬ԼÿľУ߲Ҳ죬Ǻơ
ˡ
ĸˡ
صĻʵһѵţʱգĽһΪǿĴڡ
ڲصҾͿʼ˯ѧü˯
ƽҲԣû˾֡
Ҳ˯ѧ࣬ɺһģѧѧӵģӰ죬Ǻгõһ졣
˯һȺˣˬѧؼҡ
Ȼ
Цݽϡ
Ͼܾˡ
Ϊʲô
һģ
ǼҵļҳҲΰһ䣬ôǵĽʲôͽͳ𣿡

λǼҵ競ӶߵĽʲôǡ
Ȼ⻰˵
ѾĬûÿġ
û취ֻ֮ˡ
ԣǻҪȥ𣿡
ϣõ񶨴𰸵˿׵صͷ͵ȥ
»棬ּҪԴġ
˵Ҫйһ䣬Ҳȥˣǲ̫ãǻû湻ء
ǣٳ˰룬쵽ʱʱ򣬿ţһһǵج֮ȥ
ܿǾ֪ûʹ࣬ڸʹࡣ
һǽſեɣ˼ңһ仰˵ֱ˯
۾ûбˡ
ʱһȥ
·һգۣǾͼʮ죬Ѷһߣλ̫ÿͻǵļޡ
ʲô
Ҫˡ
ϲϵľǡڡĿΣֻҪӣҪݲǵ塣
ꡣ
ϿΡ
ǣѾʮˣڿʼһСԣɼܷ֣ϵԺڽεְλߵͣԴˣõ̫Ϊרָѵƻ֤̥ǣȥ
˵Ķһ䡣
ȫְλĸߵͣѵƻһ㶼μӡ
ĴǲһɡڡĻ
̫ѾǸµ壬̫գרżƻžͲǺö
竵һôش⡣
ȻԲۣҲڡ
ȵԾ꣬ǻûüһͱֳɼ飬̨ʼ˴Ҷ
һ죬Щ˻ȥǱ׵ġ
ڶμרѵƻջ
ǲ
˰
һ챻ѵôңҪѵ
˶뿪Ϊˡ
ϴҲûбŬ
Ϊʲôɵعˣҳɼǰһ
û
Сʶ鶼һģô
ϴ뿪ǵĴܴ
ҪһĻǻпͬͬοԼأ
ϴǡ
̫ˣ

ܿǾû˼붫ˣһΣıѵŻȥģؼſڵʱ̫ջһ䣬ѵڶСԣǻô˵ѵǿ̫ͣҪһЩ
˶ҡ
رǶ˵Ǽֱ̫ʹˡ
Ҳ͵Ժ褵ĻκͶĿγ̣ǷǵĽˮΪžͱ̫ˡ


78 
ÿҪкܶ, ûǳʱ飬Լ׬ϷԼĶ
СԵʱ̫ܿʽĵϷѾõ֡
ÿ²زμѵ, ѧϰ֪ʶ, 춼˯, ֧°ͿŴ⾲˼, æʱ, Ķǵʱٸ
ѵɵؽš
˼ϴԲʱͿʼѧɷѧ, ѧԼѧȵרҵ֪ʶ, ڽѧ֮ǰҪԼ, ̵˽Ⲣõʵȥ, Ϊ, ԼԺﱧһظ̾ҺҵӹȻӿˡ
ûʵĽûӵĽǶǲġ
ҪڻʵסţҪһȺ˾򽻵, ûб¿϶ᱻɱġ
ҰԺ⻰, ȻǸģ
ɶרҵ֪ʶһ, ȫϿ˵, ȷʵǷǳ
˵֪ͬʶ, ÿϿοԼﶼż𾴡
ĩʮ֣ʱջڼɢյѾʼΪ·ɽ뿪ҰԺʱҲԽԽϣѾһӺóԵģΪɽС
һȺպǢ
ȻԽʱƺþԽ죬ĸѾͷؿɽͣڹҲҪעⱣ壬ܵضԼһЩС㶼źˣСЩ೤ۣ϶ûġ
ǣҪ۸㣬ͺͻϺǮ˵ǻᴦģǧί֪֨ɵӡ
ҪԷͱĶ´μǶ򲻹
أСӣһȥҲ֪һղˣһҪúõİȵӣԳ󣬹ǲһˣءǸʱǿ̫ܶˡ

ǰͣģѾ˸оð˳ֻǣΪʲôҪϺЩأ
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Ͽգ
õ
̫ĥߴˡ
ҪѾ˵ʲôǳ̫ţأ
Ѿͷܾȥġ
оЩЦ뻹ûס˵ȵҿԽʱǾͿдˡ
ܡ
ſ޵ɽ֪Ǻ⣬һ㶼лΪȫƻˡ
磬졣
̧ͷãˮɽǰɽļкˮ˵ɽҪסǴҰԺȥɽһֽ̳ɽҰԺԶļңԶļˣ֪ҵԺΪʲôҰԺ𣿡
С㲻ǶС㡣
仰жޣһ۴үͬһôôأ

ǾǴԺȥˣӦҰһʲôѶܼͲΣǿˮ࣬ȴִЦݣסˣʲô飬ͻϵԶǵһλģƵʱ򣬸˵ʱˣװεʱװΣסˣǧȥǿ뾡һа취ȥҪģ𣿡
ǣС㣡
ɽжᶼһμסġ
Ȼ˵Ц˵Ҹո˵ǲܷģԣνϻ֮󣬸ſſ񣬸žţⲻ裬ҲӦõģ˱Լͻ֮⣬ôô֪𣿡
ǣС㡣
ɽʱǿ޵棬Ҳġ
￴ǰģɽһǰһ˫ۣ˱ķ䣬ԶΪţҪ͸ҴţܽһΣܽӵڶΣúõذԼҪǵġ
ûһɽȴǻ
Ůλã仹ûȴﶼһУһµЦദǰԭҲôҸʱ
ˣѧϸ̳Ҳû˵һ仰ĳҲֻۻ˲Ż롣
ء
ĸѾ߱һ𣬿޵ĵġ
ò׵ȵǵȶõЦݣɽĸѾͷһ˧ĸ𡣡
ɽͷ
һµദĸѾͷϲãС˵öԣӦֻġ
ɫƮƮںڵĳ޷һ㣬ѾվΧǽ棬ͷ͸ĸСѾͷһЦݣһֵǹ⣬һӣ廨˦˳ȥǽϣ¹·ŹպһЦ
ĸѾͷ֡
ٴοǽͷʱѾûǺɫӰ
úÿҡ
˵꣬װϡڡ·Ͽռ깷
˿ǸЦ
š
ȷǶý̳ˡ
Ľѧ󣬾ʹŻʵۺǮȥ֮ǰԺӼɽ
֤Чʱˡ
Ȼֻһȫ̫࣬һμɹֻϵĴ꣬һξܿóôһ㶼

ǮЩˡ
Ϊһ˺ϵĳ谮ˣϵİȫҪôһ·οȥȵ˵ʱ򣬿ŴŰݶϣһĿɫ·һһͷںڳʱǴסˡ
⣬⣬ɽЩ͵ʵ
ǮԼǰôܣ
ݶϵôܺһ̫࣬һ棬˵ļҵĹӶû˻ỳɵġ
һ̣ݶϵ˾ȻƮ䵽ǵǰɽϡ
ʵۺǮࣺ
վԱߣɵӡ
ɽЦ
ʵۺǮࣺ
˾Բɽɽôܳôÿôܻ¶ɰЦݣԣҲ԰ɽѾʮˣǰ˿Բʮġ
ʵۺǮͬʱҪȷԷǲǻ˸ǡ
ģ
ʵģû˼ƽϣɽ
ٰǧȷ˵꣬ɽһ
Է·ΪոյĶһ㣬һ׵־Ϳ۾޹ؿǡ
˽󣬾ֵɽչʾʵˡ
һ˦
˧
Ȼأ
ʵۺǮգ۾ɽû
˵ٺиƨá
۾˳ɽĿ⿴ȥĻӲ˻ȥ廨ЦģϸĻܿüÿ涼һֻӡ
̿ˮ
۾ɵ˿˿޹Цŵɽٿ˿ƽ
ðɡ
ֱӾͺܸɴسˣǸûмʶĻʵۣǴΣҪɽĴڣﻹˣ뵽ɽĿ˲٣͸Ŵ󱦱һ
빬ƻʮּ򵥴ֱ
ֱж˽ɽ͵͵˽ɽ취ڻʵ³·żôӡ
ԽԽá
ɫ
ʵüǺܰϧģ᲻᲻̫ã
һʵۣ̰һ̫ɫųġ
ҴҼңҸ̫
Ƚ˶ڻʵ۵ݣͲ
ǻҪٵһ¡
ʵ۲ȡ
㵽ûиڻʵ˵ҪģֻҪµİհҵԱ࣬ǿܱ˭Ĺϲ˭ֻҪ㹻ǿ󣬵ʵʱ㹻ϲˣ֮˶ǺûʵۣǺ˻ǻˣû˻ĵġ
˵⻰ʱǲͷ
ʵֲǵ¼ҡ
ţ֪ûƷֵõġ
ĻԼĻʵЩ
ڶļǵã̫ϵĵһ ξҪ̫ӣҪˡ
ɽ˿ֿ˿ʵۣǰԺûʲô˽⣬ֻǻǰȻҲ˵һ˶ûУĻ£˻ˣٵÿ˭õʵ۾ȻҪˣ;ú̡ܷ
Ȼô룬ȴɱЦݡ
ʱǸۡ˵꣬Żʵһ𾪵ģ̾ΪʲôʵôǳԵĵ
֪Ǵû˽̹ʵۡ
ΪȻʽ̵ģɻûǵþˡ
ʵ۲ҪƷĻͥɵȵȵس˵óڡ
ˣҲǵù
һ˵⻰ʵۺƣ˰ɣ˵۾ң

ջˮǺϲģϾܵĸֵǿ϶ǾŮġ
ʵ۲ɵ֪⡣
˶аɣһ̫ߴţ˭ٷԾЩˣǡ
ʵؿ˿ֿɽһ䣬۾񰡣
ɽ޹գգ۾ܸоСҪˡ
Ȼһ롣
һƴ˻ʵ۵Դϣ˵ǲɵǻʵۣ㻹ǵǻʵ˵Ǿ񣬲Ҳ˭Ҫϳȥӻ𣿡
˵Ļʵۿű
̾͵ͷ˵ᣬ֪ˡ
Ƿᡣ
Ȼʷϵָ¹ΪܻƣǰĻʵۣ
ʵۺܣô
úú롣
أԴЩۡ
뿪ʱ￪˵ǵҺ˵Ļúö֪𣿡
֪
ʵ۵ͷֲɵΣʱܱˡ
ǮҲһ
λռ˸ܹܵͷʲôøɣ㶼Ӱ첻
ͦõġ
ɽߣﻹЩʧģֱӾͻԼԺӡ
˷ֱطꡣ
ϤĻʹһ»£̫ɽžգž˵üۣһµʱ䣬һжһˡ
µʵ϶Сһ̾Ѿʼˡ
ٴλǸ飬˵һۼûУľֻһ΢ĸоˡ
˯һʱ䣬ȥ˻³·׼ż
ȿȡ
Сؿԡ
һ̣˿˵վסĸģ֪ĹвҳϹ䣬ҪǰѲǣ㵣𣿡
ɽͷգ۾Ŷ̫࣬Ϊ۽΢΢죬ãСǿ
ֻǣ̫סˡ
С̫ıôôϤ
ˣӡ
Сӣôˣ
ŮųͻĹҡҷ˵سɽС
Ŀԡ
ɽԺ뵽һʣײˡ
С˵ģû뵽ķˡ
ǣ۾޹ˣ忴ӵС˵ײ͸ײһ˭˭ΣֻҪǵԼģͲһе޼
սõܹˣ
һͼ̫Ҳѧ
ˣ̫ȥ
ǡ
̫̾ǰ¶׹⡣
ɽ·һֱܾĽ˿ȸһ㣬ͣؿԣŲҲϵˣﲻϵ²ۣûУ϶һ˼ҿھȥ
۽ǿϵӰתһּΪķʽܵʵۻ׶ľͣ
һֻ³żԼ̫Ļʵۣͬͣ½Ų
ô
⡣
Ŷ
뵽˵ɷӣΪԤϵ˹лָ
졣
ȭʲôʱܺһ
ȿȿȡ
ϣ
Ժͽͬʱ
һ̣ɿɽһѪ˳Ȼ˻µţѰ˾Ͳһõ
ⳡ̫ʵˡ
ɽӣϾҪһ㡣
ڻʵ۶һ飬ԺŵľѪˣҪˣôУæܹȥ˷ס̫ҽ죬̫ҽ
ǮȻʵۺòȥ
ˡ
ָţŸʲô죬ȥ̫ҽ
ǰĽŲͣסˣ
Ҳżϵģ̫ðġ
ɽ
ڿȷĲ
޹գգ۾ʾϣ߹̡
Ȼʵûܵһס̫ҽϾ͵
û취ֻʱε¶һ廨룬ҪⲻˣɽĿԿһ¶˵ģҰԺˡ
廨Ļʵۣ
һͽ˳ȥ
Щ졣
ˡ
ôˣء
̾Ϳʼıݣɽ۾Ŭֳģʧܣûĸ飬Σһ̫鲻
Ȼִб÷ǰ˵ģɴ۾˫ֲðȻ˺εˡ
㲻뿪ޣ
һߺһҡɽҪûûбڣûнţ治뿪޲û㰡
ôһ˿˿Ϊģ
ɽԼ壬ҡΣŶСŮǲеĴ
ޣ
ϷҪŮǣһԷ
㲻˭˭
ʵݵúͶ롣
Ǯࣺ
ܹˣ
̫๬ŮԼǣ
ôˣ
ײа
۾Ϊʲôһģһ
ɽòˣֱװˣ˫͡һģһ۾͵͵ɡ
ɽιȥ
ίΪʲôҪһݶϷ
̫ˡ
Ȼѣüҡôˣôˣ̫ҽ̫ҽأûµģǻʵۣڣһûµģ
Ȼ׼˱

ɽֻǿѣʵϻǼᡣ
ô˵ġ
һߺһܣ
˳ʵޣܲ
ڣҲԽˣ㣬ԣȥҵ޹Сĵ㣬ҪԴ
ǰ
Сɽಽظţ·ܹ˵ʱ򣬶ݺݵ˵û»ãҪ£ᣡ
ݻʵָȥ


79 
µܹ˿һȺȥıӰ, ֱŤΣڲϾȻΪһ̫, , һĵ̫࣡
ܹ鴫ȥ, ﹬жЦ
裡
ڸ߹ܹ˵Ǳܵĳ裡
ŪǸ̫࣬Ͳܣ

Ĵ, , ĸôᱻ㣬׺ֳҲûǰ;ټϽһ, һҪǸ
, ع
Ѿӵ־һ˦ܹ˵⻰, ת׼Լĵ, , Щйŭ侲ô
˺ѷεĴУǰ߳ܵĻ³ƤﲻͬһĻʵͨģ¶дŲڣʱ, ֻǱ, 彩ֱòȻΪıŵ̫ࡣ
ûлͷ, ص޹, ֻӲͷƤ, ʱʱҡһװεɽرһ顣
Ϲ̫ҽһĻĺʵһ侲侲
Ϸˣ
Ϊˣ
ĹУʵ۷ӳ̫ҽ侲
˶С˻϶ϲ
ϸǿûһ˿˿̫࣬ϾȻҲҳ֮ͬⲢҪҪǻѹֵ˼ߵĶһʰƲסҲǿġ
̫ҽԶԲеĹ¡
ʧ̬Ļ̾
ǶõĺӰõĻϰ
ºͣТ˳񡭡
ٶЩѧĲ̫ҽǽſʼһڷ̫ʺЩҲ̫ˣϲһʲô
̫ҽʱϰĽŮӣǺ޲춼˻һԵøĽӽɽ˵ļƣ̫˻ϵˡ
ӲرƵû϶˼

ЩõԽϾԽǷŲ¡
ںˡ
ˣȥˣֱø̫൱
Ｋط
ڵĻϣǺ˭Ҳֹ˻Ͻ̫ߡ
һʱ󣬻Ͼ˵ģ̫࣬˼͹ʲô˼ˡ
ΪʣµĿհ˻Զꡣ
Ϊֻʷǰҳ
ǲܳú󹬣ֻϵĽڶԻϵϣ̫ҽҲǲġ
ǣ̫ҽж
̫󣺡
ԣǰ̫ҽ˼ˣĴ
϶챻Ʒˣ
˭Ʒ˭
ڱ˭˭ҵж;ȫûˣ˭ֶŮոձΪһ̫ѵ⣿
ﻹĸ
УΪ̫ѵ÷
ôԡ
һ֮ôôԺΪ
ֻ˰Ҹġ
á
Ȱһ
ʺ󣺡
ֻûƣ
Ϊһûڹûг֮䲻ϵ϶ĸо͵ˣ
ôͻȻðһ̫
У
뵽ܹϵ飬̫಻ܻţ󹬻ô
ܵʺйɱ̫ҽͬˣ̫ˣ̫ǻϵȴûصΪ룬ڻʺӶǹأ˵ԣԴʱѾֵĻϣΪԻᴥŭϵĵߡ

˷Чˡ
ʺ㲻ʴҲԻΣⲻռҺް취
˵̫ʱǻʵ۵ͷⶼ֣ʺҪŪˣ֮ǰϷľٶƻʺҲһ
ʺ󣺡
ܼҵûġ
ռң
һ뵽ʺЩԥˡ
̫ҽ뿪ˡ
Ů˵ͨǼλسӦúɡ
سǿһɫؿĵ̫ҽǣǳ鴤رͥɣڻϲԼҹŮϲΪһ۾͹ŮƵ̫෢һʾɡ
Ȼ
ʲôأ
ˣǴҲûзԹ
ߣҲûΪ˵һ仰̫ҽҲɵﲹôһ䡣
˵ˣˣְɣȵѻϱƷˣҵſһĺӵͷ
̫ҽǺƢ˦ˡ
سǣ
Ƭ̣Цˡ
С顣
Ӧ˵Ǻ飬ԻϣһӦҲһ㣬ϵĵӦþҪһЩ
Ҫ
س̾ʹһ£Ҫ
ͥ˵һ䣬ܲܲҪҶǣȥ޹ġ
ܡ
˶ͬʱش
ļ򣬡ˣǹŮһ㣬㣬ûҾӰ졣
ͥƿ壬ַ̧˷ոձĵĵطĿɨȥǣûؼҳԷˡ
˵꣬תߡ

⻰ȥ
ߣؼҳԷ
س뿪ǰҲôһ䡣
Цˣߣ˴һȺС˼ƽϡ
ʵ޹ڣɽ۾һֱŵĻʵ۾һϷýݣˣˣ̫ҽ̫ҽ
µ̫ҽæǰʱĻϲ˳
˭ȿȡɽ޹Ĵ۾۾·𿴲ɫķװԴһɰģ
̫ҽǳ鴤
װɵģ۾Ӧöóɡ
һ̣ϸնСָģ˸ɰС̫࣬Եϵļ̫գˮ۾̫ҽôˣ
ǿ̫ҽٿС̫࣬˵û۾Ļʵ۱һסС̫ļҡǻʵۣģһµģ̫ҽԲԣ
û°
̫ҽżϻĻʵۣ˲ͷԡ
ûУ
ǻϣ
ǰ
Ҽˣ
ѽ
Ҳΰɣ
ɵϣ޾ǰڴߣ˵⻰ʵԼļƤһɷϣɽݼܺãǰС̫ʮֵɰĲϲ
˵ʱӦȥһԷԴȻ쵽УǾԷɡ
һ¡
̫߳ˡ
ƫƫʱ˿Ҫһ䣬۲ۣ
ɽҡͷۣҹȻΣҲǣСô׵ؼ˻أ
С˵Ϳʼԡ
ֿʼο
ոյĶԻƺпʼظ
̫ҽ
ʡ
ʾǶģθ£̫ˣ
ȻһҲɻ϶СޣС̫ϲȻЩ죬ɻϵǲٵġ
š
˺òͣ׼˵뿪ʱ
ֿˣԺ㰲Ĵ޵ߣҲû˸۸ˣˣʲô֣
ҽ壡
ɽ忪˵
ΨһڼƻģҰԺʱ˵ȻɽѶѾͻϼңôɽͳ׵ȥɣҪ壬ΪСߵĵˣֵıܾϾѾѾѾѾ̫ˡ
֪ô˽
ǣԼһΣʵ̫Ҹˡ
~
ԡ
ôˡ
ʵһ˲Ļ̫ҽ뵽
ǰС̫СǴĻǽӽҪһĻ
Ȼôֶࡣ
һ淨̫ҽԼԺһҪС̫ࡣ
С̫ʲô飬ɻܰ
ðͽ塣
ϷӦЦ˵
ʱ̫ҽڲһ䣬ϣ彡ޡ
û˵꣬Ͳ죬ûװոܣϣң
ѹ㰡
ʵ۰ο壬ſ̫ҽвٸһλᣬúõ˵һ顣

ѾΪͷ
ˡ
һС̫ѣ˳Űɡ
ԣող˵Ҫŵ
ôһС̫̲סʵ˵˳ѽе㶫ܡ
ǣ̫ҽ̾ͻ˵ʵۺ⣬̾͵ͷ̫ҽ뿪
˹̫ҽغһʿ
үѽ
Ļʵʵ̫ˡ
ȿȫ̵о첻ʶˡ
ǻȥ𾭣Ŀһ°ɡ
ܿ죬ǵ˶䶯ˡ
ʵ۳ѾʲôˣֳһС̫ࡣ
ʷֱӾͺ
̫ˡ
ðС̫࣬Ȼҹƻģɱ
лϣһ֮Ȼֳ˻ƵУ첻ѻǾײڳϡ
ͥɣ
֪ˣľˡ
ˡ
ڴϱ٤̫̫˿̫ûǴӶİȻͷʶˣѾͷ𣿡
ҾûС
ǱԼֶŮ治öѾͷԵӣȢĶһˡ
Ŷ
ʵ۱Ͳһˡ
ã֮һ£˵ϲǾ˵Ѿͷϵĵطػش𣬡ǿãֻŪƷο壬Һ๫Ҹǡ
Ϸ˺Ͷˣ
ֱӱ۾ʼһ˵ģǶܱĻרע٤ɣԺڵʱ򣬵й鰮Ƕ˵һ䣬ҵġ

ǲϵ۹Ҳǲһ㰡
Ѿ޳˹̫ˣʵ̫ˣϾҼˡ
ҲϺͶǲܵġ
ʹ̫󣬻ʺһѵĴǷԻϣ׵һȺ˷Զ˵һϵĵλûУôһ룬þ͸ˣǺİ鰡Ļϰ
֪
ȻԤУչЩԤ֮⣬ΪʲôͶйصֵôأ
ֲò
ô˹Ҳ²ϽߵĿİɡ
Ŷ
ѧֱӾըˡ
˯һһǳԾ˯ҪôǣϾȻ˵ˡ

ѽ
Ҳڸ̾ΨٽܲµǸνϵ
ķʽȷ˭ỳɣû˻ġ
˵ǡڡˡ
ǣ
ѧǲ࣬оǼʶˡ
˶Իʲô
ǸûУҪҪ˵ʲôĻţǾǻϾȻҲôʹ࣬ҲãȻǵ˲١
ڹװһƫڵСɽɽ׵ܵӾˣҲĲˡ
ǰЩӴȣΪҵҪǵûеõʱƣѾûԷˣʱҵԺֳһţӵϱһ˫̥Ůһ˫̥ԺӵĽ䣬źӵŮ˲ͣػҪܾӽĶŮߡ
˵ưܵķſڣɫҰʹĵؿ޶
һŮ˵ж
˵ԷǴ˿ΪˣûмƲ磬ڶ˶ԷĹһƾͽŮ˴˹ȥ
ŮļУӵĿ޺ӵʹú޲ܹȥͬھ
Ȼ
뷨
Ϊҵ֣˶Χ˹̾ģģЦģ˵ʲôĶУȴûһվæģ˭ҲûзһȻ߽Ҵ壬Ѱ
һ̾ܵȥӭӹĹˡ
¶Էֻһ̫ࡣ
ҲǻߵĴˣҲǴŻּġ
̫
ֻ﹫ʥּһֺȺΪʱ·˲ٵüͷһͷǳԡ
һӾһ֣Ǿŵ˹ȥӣڲڣʥּּ
ʥּ
ζʲôҴˡ
ӽʥּ
Ϊʲô
Ҳ벻ס
ɹٱֵ̾ÿ˵طЩ˽ӵҲ֣ͣӵĻһӾͰΨмӵĿʮԡ
﹫㡣
ǹȵΪ﹫·
﹫֪ɽģһαټ˾ˣΪ϶ܹӼˣҲ̫һõĹޡ
ͬΪԡ
Т˳
ʲô
Ƕ޸֮ˣҪТ˳ĸǸЦ
﹫Ǽ޸ĸһ̫࣬һ·ʵˣһЩһ׵ֵܵǣﶼˣҲǰͷˣǮֻۣҪԺѹˡ
ֻǣո߽ԺӣЦ
ͷƤһ顣
Ӿ˶Էһţʲô﹫ӣ谡
ˣ
﹫̧֣Ĵָϵָ̫·ų˸ĹâĿɨһˣλӣ
ſڣ˵ѾѪ죬ڲϵŲ˺һûмµòеСػһ䣬Ҿǡ
˿һĻЩŵվ˳ߵǮǰˣǲĶӡ
̫ˣɹ̫ˡ
һ㶡
ȴӦ죬һ˹ȥϥǣ߳ʹ˫ȹڵϣŵòҰףϵض
ʲô
﹫һǽ׼ʲô˵
òߣҲ󣬿˶ǼϸһټĻ䣬ŹĻʹֱӰε˿ڵЩ˶µòУ˵ͨ
Ȼһ
Ů
ɨһһŵĸӣݵò񻰣ٿһһȺɫСӣЦþ͸Σˡ
һѹ
ԼɽǮĻҪġ
ɲ᲻صһš
Ȼûض˵ʲôûˣȥúÿҪиôҿҲͷˡ
ȥ
أҪǳȥ𣿹
Ⱥ˵һ
ʱ˿̣˶ףλӵġ
Ϊʲô
һӶûгҴ尡
ԼҲôһɻ
ЩСطӣŮҲ͵ߣ죬òſʵˣǲϴˣ


80 
﹫űԼֱߵ, ü㲻֪
ʵҡͷ
ĿɨԺˣ˶һĿ־ãȻ, ֿԺ, Ҵˣ
̫ܡ
ٴεͷ, ɽʶ𣿡
ɽ֣ӵȻǵ, ̾͵ͷ, Ҹ硣
ĺЩҲˡ
Ψ˵ı鲻ԣǾɹ﹫ǰԼϱϣ˵Ŀ־֮ɫ̫, ڲԹɫ﹫˵, ѹͲҪôܲµ»⣬ЦٴγŰ, ϸ, , Ҳ
ʵˣ֪﹫Ǹ˵ʱһҪ
Ȼ
ʲô
磬
⣬ôܣ
ؼǵãʱ˵һ޵Ǯ˾ôԵ, Ҫ統ǵĶ, ôǹ, Ǯȥĺġ
һġ
϶ϴˡ
֤˱ĺ, ֱӴ﹫ȫûȥĻ, ˵ɽǹҲиܵܽʲô
ֵһֿ˵ɺϣɸһأ
ĵַҲҵġ﹫мģһԼֳǹģֲһ䣬ʮ걻
ʮ꣡
˵𾪣ֹȫ
ô
ȥӵ
üܲ˵ʱĬĬĽ硣


ͻȻӻ˵ĽţֱӾ˵ǰ˫ץغ㲻˵ǸǮ˼ȥ㲻˵Ǹ˵ȥ𣿡ҡþȫ﹫ĴûбҪƭƤŪļ
ԣƭ
ʶһ㣬˶Щˡ
̫࣡
˵ֱء
ôôİ㻹ǲ˰㻹ǵǸʱչ𣿡
ʲô˵Լ
ûУ
ڳ˺²ûб
ǸСӣû뵽Ȼڹͷ֪֪Ļ뿪ʱ̬ȾӦúһ㡣
Ӻۿˮһεε䣬Ϊľһ˵ѪøˣǵãǵãͻȻ뵽뿪һ죬һ⣬Ȼֻһ飬ζⱲӵļǵá
Ȼǰжζڻжġ
Ҳ˵Ϊ̫Ǯġ
Ż
̲סɿſڵϸŻ
ʱ˿̣ҴҲһĺȻСֹš
İѶȥ̫ǹӡ
翴ǺˣҲǣ㿴Ҫûв룬Ҷš
˾Ȼһûз֣

ˣ˵һⶼûУ´ȥҵǱˣһ﹫Ǿ֮ǰֻؿš
Ȼ﹫ûǰǲԸܣǲҹܡ
һ߿һŻ
ѾѹϱźӸһޡ
ˡ
﹫վһһ˵ȣ˵ôּɡ
Ĵͷ£˷׷׵عڵϡ
ˣʵگԻɽΪˡ
秵ʥּҲͶöЩ˰Ӷκģֱֳֵʱ
˵ʵڶЩǲĳˡ
ֻǵô·Ĵѧ˼չ򣬺û¾ͽܴҲǿŴǼУɴʹ꣬ˣ
ôܣ
ûôദΪʲôôܡ
ӲǼǿˣŴһҲڵʱû̫࣬Ƕ̵ĥΪ˾Ȼˣʱ϶ʹɣʵ̫ˣѹֵģʹġءɤ﷢
﹫ʥּѻϽá
ͷİɡ
ǽɽĻǣ
ڽɽһӣȱǵǮɥʣµĶӵġ
Сһ׮
﹫ſ޵һӣ¶һͰЦݣˣҪҪ԰
Ҫ
϶Ҫ
ӽɣصͷ
Ծֻ˼һĵܵܣЩȫ㣬Щأϣܹƽϲ֡
硣
ǰ
пʼðˣ﹫һ֣һɫչӵ˹ȥʬճɵĻңúðᡣ
ǰ˵ĹӣһѾͰסŴŵع˹档
Уϣܷڵʱȥķǰݡ
䣬һӵǰԺµӣȥأʲôҪ˵˵Ӧɽԣ㶮ʲô˼ҶԻϵ˽⣬ɽÿļǷð֡
ǣǣģס
ʱЩĽˣһֳ
ǰ
ֳǺܺã̫ˡ
ĻҪǨߣأ
ҪҸ硣
붼Ϳ˵ңǰԹɽأĶŮ˵Ĵ磬ҪǻԼ̳ģǸɵˡ
ҪҴ𣿡
ӱŹӣ˿׵ٿҴһϤף·Ĵ޵ӿӴ˵Ҳ룬ˣҵ޶뿪ģҲԶˣܲܰæͰڸĴ䣬һʹҲ㡣
﹫
ֱӵͷ졣
˵϶С飬˵ǮҲ
Ҵɫȴ쳣ѿ
﹫վ֮ǰӵļ򣬡úùӣǰΨһǵĻˡ
š
ӽӱøˡ
ϻһعҵ飬ʱһʵģ﹫⻰Ǻ˵ͷƤһ飬ѾŮˣȻжˣ˵˵ҪǻھϣһϸƷе˾Ȼܿǰȥϸɡ
̾м˼
˶סˡ
ô
˵õĴԽƾ;·ء
ôŬض飬Ϊ˶鵱
ͳϵ۶Ƕǳ谮ܲ˵ƶΨһһ·Ϊһһֿڵ飬ò׿ͯһܿš
ԼϣϾᡣ
һ̫һ仰ȻҪǰ;ôԣ
﹫㲻ô
﹫ЦǰŸɾɫ۵ˣոпֹһŮΪҶһ죡
˵ͣһ£У񲻴ණĿ⿴ңҾ˽
һ䣬ӣ磬飬Ҳܸʲô
ӿ壬ǰδеĮҶ磬޶һ﹫ҺһȫŪġ
˵ɫˡ
ң
Ц¶ıȿ޶ѿ㻹ǵòǰҺɩôģ𣿡
ϾŷãֻҪûĶǵһ
壺
˭뵽ᷢ顣
һǲǾãǺˣôһô磬ԺȫǺˡӵֵԸҪӣҴţܻŻһúöġ
﹫ڿ޵ӣ̾һ
ˣһʱʱȥţţȵӰٺ뿪
ͷ֮ǰԸԼź﹫Ц뿪
ҴӽܴܵĴںʰȣǰңǸӣľ͸żֱˣú﹫ֻ֪һʱģ˵޶ܿͻԸƽϲֵ
춼˯ʳǻʵ⽻Ǯһչ˺á
ϡ
ټ޹ҹһ̫ࡣ
˯ĻʵۺǮϰգϿպͶСۺϳķȻ廨Ǿ廨ˡ
ʼʵۺǮ಻ؿ
廨Ҳ
Ȼǿ۽ˡ
е廨ȫһģŵ岼ڴߣұߣ廨߷˳ȥ岼ٴһð˳شţܿͳˡ
ۿ˸оǳ˹ƾûԸˡ
Ϊʲôһһ廨
ʡ
廨İĺܿᣬɱҲǿ
ϰ
ش
ʵۺǮࣺ
¹׼ȷʵûǰ߷ԸߣţǮʱҲҪװϣˣǻܵϰ
˻᲻˯ž
ʵͶ˱ʾԲᣬߵĺаȫУȫõĺڰðһɱڴϣؽ硣
ճ䣬һҹܿ͹ȥˡ
һҹû˯壬ЩΪʲôһ¾˴ı仯ˡ
ŬǿȻӦõõӦеĴ
ʵҪˣǲͬģֱӾͱ·ϡ
ĶɫƲ̫ͬͬǺɫʽͽǰרŸƵһģһ
ʵ۴һһȻ̫ͬϳ
Ĵǣ
⣬⣬⣬Ѿ̫
⴩ʲô
˷ס
Ȼÿöͬͥɵسɨһۺ󣬷һС̫˲˵˭Ҳһ̫࣬ټǳ࣬ʣȻûп˫źĿ۾ˣ˵һ⣬ϵġ
С̫࣬޿޵ġ
Ȼô˲࣬ЩѾκˡ
ʷѪӿǵ̨һξԲ䣬һվľͥɵˣʷһסȫֱͦͦع᲻µܿɹǻܿڳر˼
ͥɿˡ
ʱڻɷ˺ŮôŴʷġ
ĳϻЩʵЩʷѾ˲ٿˣڶûʶϵı仯ǾͶԵٶЩѵ᳤ܻġ
ͷ۵ؿһȺʷǿ캰ء
һμϳʱʧΪ㲻˵£Ҳ̸̸ģôһС̫ҲϳãҲֵʷǻôʱͿˮ
ϲ˵
ʷǾ;ûϹִ
ǰʷѾײʷ׼һĨᣬվ׼ɣ
ϺսȭͷȻЩʷǷˣۿ˾ôײǰ飬׼ڣһ֣ϣ㿴Ҫײӵ
ϣ
Ǯࣺ
ǣ
׼ײӵʷ
ϣڹģ㿴Ϊҵ۾㿴λʷʺʹ˵еһģһ
ڸ̾
ؿţ
ˣҲ˵
ͥɣȫԼҶŮϧвģָɲģȻڻûϣϸ׵ĿԱ֤ĵ˾
ʷɫͨ죬˭أǸ̫ྐྵȻ˵Ƿ
ԣЩص㣬صС̫Ҫʲô
̫ϣǽվڻϸǰҲ̫ҵ۾ˣо仰˵ĺãӣҪּӻӽ̫ࣿһʺһģһС̫ˣԲԣ滶˵ڳеĻ
̫࣡
̫˰ɡ
ϵĳģͷȥСӻգ۾һſ佱ģ
СӣһСӡ
û뵱Сӡ
˵
׼ײӵʷһôֱͦͦص˵ϡ
ʷҲҿˡ
̫ˣ
ҪǶӾ
ôˣλ˲ײһҪأûмԼźӱӲȵģúޡʧ
ʷ߷ϣһ̫ڳׯϵĵطʴʣ𣿡
һ⻰ԺĻ̰С̫ɫĽǾ
˵˵ʲôشˣһһ̫ģôֻ׼˵׼𣿡һֱĬĻʵֱӺǳʷ
ǡ
忪˵ϣһҪ㴦Ļ棬һʮֵأȻһȺãġ
ˣ¾˵û˳
⻰һʷǵ̨ûˣسǿʼ˵£ǵһӾˣؾصվһߣͷβҲûٿ
С̫սʷ黹Ǵ˳ȥ
˾ûƣʵϸǸо˼С̫˵Ҳû˵µĵطʷǳԱ˳ŵû¸ɡ
ҵʷǵĶӣǣرˮԺЩֲ´رѧ˿ѧǵ֣ǻúܣһͷ֮ȻĿⶢ˵°ǳʷĶǲپҲ䣬ؼҾ
˯˵ЦǺǵؽ꣬ҡͷ޴ŵ
޴ţ黹Ҫ
æµʱǹ÷ɿ죬һգھͿ쵽ˣҵʮƵѾ˲ҪѧϰͣԼҪ̺ũׯ˳㷢һȵԱϿշеġ
үôС
ⲻ
һ죬òΪż٣ȥԺԹ緹׼úõһݣո£Ϸ˵Ժ˵ĸˡ
˾ˣƨ¡
ｫһ׼˯
ϷˣָҪ㡣СѾС˵
ûû
ָҪȥ
ӲҪ

СѾһ˿˿⣬ūֻһˡ


81 
ʲô

һУ
һƱ, һͷͷ鰧ԹؿվǰС, У, ˲, ȥ𣿡
л¡
˸Ƿ, Ҳûн˰æŹȥӦٻ˯Ŀ, ¾ͽԼʰã߰ɡ
Ѿ߿գ۾ͱģĶ뻹һ, ҪҪϴ
Ϳ֬ˮۡ
⻰û˵, öӦġ

, ˯ǰϴġɴľܾ˵ֱ˳ȥ
аɡ
˵ʲôʲô
ֻǲߵҰԺſ, ߵʯүȥһˡ
Ӵ
ʲôʱôˡ
˫һ̯СѾͷʯ˵, ȥ
СѾͷˣЦе˵ү£ȥүǱ߰, Ϸ, ūȻȥһ
˵ʯ, 첽뿪
ԭ׼ִ˻ʾʧ, ôûгѵûϴ½ˣ
ںǰͥλغŲ裬ֱǰԼүֱԼĶӡ
ԴӼͥ˵˶ѾͷĻҪ˼վͱЩŹ֡
Ϊʮþȵ鱻ôһ仰ơ
Զľ˾ˣȻͬͬĸĸȴ԰ĸײţԵԼΪɣĸ׼˹չ˺ӵĹˣһ߰Ĺϵһ̾׵ĲҪ߽á
ȥ֮һ۾Ϳһ£ͷɫڣԱߵӡ
Զü
үɨһƿĿ⡣
Ҳǰ½ĵҪƮˡ
˵
ٽܵϲ⸱Ŀ⣬ֻҪٹָǲֵ
ͥɺ
ǵΪ½ܣߵǿٽǸСӲԶˣʱΧŶԷת´ܸоҪŴС
Ȼ
һ̣ͣһӶ˵磬Ҫĳ˭
Ҫĳ
˵
ôң
˵˭أ
ǹճĶӣôûƢ½ֱӾվʵ
˭Ӧ˵˭
￴ʮֿ϶˵鷳ҪңҲվӺòðǾñϲƹӣģ𣿡
ҸֱӾԼҺӣãƣ˵̫Ưˡ
ˣ
½ܺ˵㻹ҪҪ˭ˣҲǸʲô
ߣԸȢӦø˵ôļױ޸
˭Ű
ͬˣвȥ˭ȥģƹӵģüۣļڱĳ̬¶ƹϵƣǵϵʺһ·Ҳڸǲ˻ĳͷڣ̣öˣĲ䣬צӣǷֶǧ֮һرôûһ֪֮ȻܳȾҵ۾
㣬㣡
ңңҡ
ѧ͵ӣŲȴڲϵصˣϵķֱ̼Ҫ̫ԣˣˣҲ޸ĳ棬˵͸¶ŵôѾˣҪάƣǷ裬ɵ̣ҵļױ˰ɣ
˵²ȥ
Ϊȫ˵ǵĴ㣬ΪάֱϵķЩ벻ˡ
ȻǾԲϵġ
ҸƴƯ
ȻûеĹԼҹŮãĴɱķͨ泩һ֣ˬ
ԶֱӾվ˳ļӣ
Ʋ죬ͷСĲϵľñѹˣֱӿ׵Ķ˼ԣˣˣ
ͥǿˣһĿ⡣
Ҫȥ·ͥǺºͣҲǰצأƽƽҲû˸Һ˵ĵС˵ҲһĲʺ̫󣡡
С
ף׵飡
ԶУ
үų˳ӡ

վ
½ɵˣҪȥ·ӲҪ
ˣСȴһϽȥɣ۾ˣУĽ飬ԺôţΪиסҵ׵ͬǹɲӡ
⻰һ˫ɣ
ǰɣ
½ܿ˿ԶУϣܹ
Ȼ˵Űͷʲôã
ӲҲҪʵġ׵
ˣԺ²׵ĸ˸⡣
½ʧˡ
ԶֺƤ
˯ǲˡ
ǣֱղŵλϣ˻˲裬˱½ӣʯٶϵӵģһæµȵһжλץһѹ׼һһ߿Ϸʱ˶ڿ׵Ŀ⣬˵ؽӷ˻ȥѲ豭װһƷģ
ˣ
Զֱӽ⣬㿴ŶС䶼Сˡ
ۣ
ոյһڲô˳ȥɴ۾Ŷˣһģ˾ˣոսҴʲô

ȱңҴʲô֡
ͥɱϣüԼҹŮš

룬˾ˣֱӶԶ˴Ĵָ磬Ϊʲô粻ֺ䰡̫Цˣ룬롣
ʵǷǳõġ
Ϊ˶ףôҲûг룬һ˵ͥǳ鴤ЦؿӣţҲͦġ
Զˡ
ͻȻЩ֪ô˿ʮ֡
ӴҵĶӶЦʹˡѾ߲ڣֻԼӣһһ߲۾лԼҾ˾˺ʹ磬Ҫ˾ѧϰ㿴ӣȡĿ֣Ǻ˰磬УҲһ֣ӴҵӰ׵û˰Ҫȥװ̷շݵĿ֡
¼Ҹӣ
Ͻߡ
Ͻߡ
ͥҲûֹΪҲúЦѾȡô꣬ĸ׿ĿҲһ顣
ӣǸӣЦԶȥ¼Ҹﲻϵ˵š
ðɡ
ˣӦû˴˵ˡ
ã̫̫Ūŷ𾭿¼̫̫ͷ˶ԼҴŮϵؿ佱ϹŵЦݣ۾ʱʱɨһ۴Ůı飬Сûһ˿ϲɫԵЦݶŽӲͲҰףŮ׮²
ü
ӷ

Ҳ֪ǸȥĴϱĸˣǰҪԼü޽˵ԼҹŮôһǰ;δ֪Ļ¡
ŮѹȴҲһ취ûУΪ
¼ŮԹֺǵʱһЦ֣һ֪˭ⲻѾͷͳǰ
ЦʲôЦĸĸ밲̫̫ô˵ϵЦȴһҲڵġ
ĸ
һ·ѾЦòˣ׼˵һЦָð˳ӴУҵӣʵ̫Цˣ֪¼ҵĴʲô𣿡
Ȼ֪
˶֪ġ
룬
̫̫һ㶣ǽûȻԼҶŮظ˼飬ˣüëҲڸų鴤ŬƵЧԣΪȷʵͦЦġ
˴ŵ΢Цһظͣšӣֱַʲô˼ǳ롱ġ롱
ܺ͵ҲܵλȻ˾øӺЦ
ΪԼˣȻֳЦ
˻һβгơ롯ȡòá
˺ܻ֣¼̫̫ʹȴһ㶼Цģһθо˵ģһԼҶӣүȡʲô֣һֲһȺˣЦôһҲǡ
ˣĸ˵£ʲô£
û׵ڣ˶̱ϣһӣһѯʵ
ģ硣
ͣ
ֱ̧֣ĸ˵ңҪȢң⻰ͱ˵ˣҲ޸ģҼױ⡣
оϵͣ˶־Ͱ۵ϣ㣬һ
浾üЦúǰּţ¼Һ֪ȴû뵽⻹Ҫõġ
ﲻԸľܾ
ܡ
Ļˡ
ңһûдˣڳÿ˵죬˸Ӳܻµġ
һӣڴؼˣҲһҸӣȻܾõ¼ʱ˶ɫ
Ǹ濴үѧʱ˵磬ܵܶǿ٣ôܰæ


Ů
ûҵģֻǣʲôأ
Ϊ;
±ĸ׶µģǸʱʱ룬ĸпһȺ˵
û˼Ҳ۸
һѻһߡ
һ緢͸˲
ټǲܵġ
ѾһΣ浾ʲôµģͷЦһĶãͦõĲ
Ϸ˿¼̫̫ʹˣǵıͿԿóǻĴ㡣
ҪҪ
浱Һ۸
Ѿͷ˵ʲôǹҴҵ󣬻һױ𣿡
ǿ˵׼Ŷ
Ц˵Ǻܺ˵ģƭҸ飬ĵģҶģҪǴѾڵĻһ²ۣԼСûûεӣ˭˵ģƭ飬мģ˭ƭ˭˵׼أȫòá
ͷ֮ôˮõ˾Լ
˵ͣһ£ֱҴǮעģҾҪ
㣬㣬㡣
̫̫䣬һñˣӷմ鷳£ˣĸûҾȻȥ˯ˡ
ȥɣȥɡ
̫̫֣ûʲôǸ˵˼ѾͷҺ軵ˣҲûˣһӿֵң绤Ҳ
⻰¼˲š
Լˣ;֮ԲԸޣҲ᲻ļױ
ˡ
Ҫķǰϡء
˵Ҫ
ﲢ֪ЦԼĴ㻹л£ԵΪڵļ٣ѵûеġ
Լô죬ô࣬Ǹһ
š
Ϸɡ
ϸдʹ÷ĵдһ䣬ϷãԣҪ
ǰһѵɺԼ״æӸ߿Ͷ
ĸٽܷػؼҡ
·ϺܳĬǲ²ۣ˵ۡ
ѵǿԽԽĿΣŶѾǷѾ
ʮĵѾԲˡ
ҹĽֵҲûˣĵĻ£һдٽֱͣ½ŲԼǰ䵽ϡ
Զ̾ǼǴ֪߿׹ﲻȥӡ
ˣؼˡ
Ӿߡ
磬ҿ
С
Ϊ˼ɵԣС
ΪʲôҪ֮ǰٽ֪ܲı𣿡
ҡͷŶ
磬˼ҿԴ󷽷͵𣿡
㴩һȥŲ񿴼ܡ
ԼôǴٽܺȫɵӡ
ǹʵ۵Ĵֱ˦Ҫһֱһյķ˿
ˣؼҡ
ͻȻú
ôˣ
ʡ
û£ȥˡ
ô˵ɫȴѿ
һߣϤУϤٽǹĪЦݣ󿴿ҿһ˶ûУ͵𣿡
ΪʲôÿζҪô͵͵
ص㲻ǣôģ
ϵպõǰ
ԡ
ص㲻͵Ŀ϶Ǻöϴ󣬵ǰǲǾ˵ⶫǵģ
ٽܿһۣǵǰҵġ
˵žͶ壬ؿʼУҲŶǲ˵Ҫؼ˯𣿡
ż򿪿
԰㿪
ϴǲǿ
ٽܿžôڵϵˣаɡ
Ȼ
˵飬ٽһµһϷ̹˴ս˾סˣϴ󣬸棬档
Ҳ档
Ҳ档
ͬʱ˵
Ǹûؼ˯ˡٽܿɼǵ˵һ仰Ŀȣϵҡͷ棬档
һһΡ
á
˻صͷ
ǣһ𣬳ٽܻһЩ⣬ǲϵ˵һ棬͡
һһκ
ٽ׼ؼңȱ˱סˣϴһΣһʱ˯
ԣһΡ
һΡ
аɡ
ٽܾԲʵҲһΡ
ȻһһΡ
ȵһֱûеȵǻؼң˴һ˳ʱڵϣǽһȣͶ룬ںվǶû֡
Ȼ
˵һȺ˿һģͦġ
Ҫ
ӳܿ죬ֱӶ棬һˣϷһΡ

Աߵš
ԭЩµһ
ٽһͷһȺ˵һ棬һ˵飬Ǿ仰ȷˣⶫж


82 
ǴûмĶ
Щôģ
ǲǻûм, 붼벻
֧°Ϳһú𾢵ˣٽϸػԼϷʱ״̬Ҳ, ȫע񶼱еСռ, Ƕ̶̵ʱ, ȷʵʲôû롣
ĻӦ
Ͳ顣
ֻ, ʱ룬Ҳ, ʵǸĵʱʱĶɡ
ٽôţҪ治档
ǿ϶ǻҪġ
ͨǰǺȤġ
ĻĹâרעϣָ˵, ų˵ѾҪ, Ҳ, ʱȥ飬ͨ˵, ׵ǰ°ܽⱲӲӮùġ
һߣϿ깷ŽȥȻǲͬ, սǾͬһʱյһţǾǴСϵˣ
һӾͰˣֱӾ浾Ժܡ

һ, ʵˣ
ҿСѾ߾ŽСЩԾ, ˯鶼, ֵ, ʱû¡
ٵĺ·ֱߣĸѾͷ
һ·üͷúܽ
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תӺһſ˵ʵǿ˻飬Ҫܺͺͺذѻˣ
ȻûгԹĿ˶ͦĵģˣһΪ˴㣬룬Ҫ򶼲еĻô㣬ҾʵԼ޸ġ
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ΪϵѹѾͷҲûеһᣬ˵Ѿͷһίֵ췭ظ

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浾һ, ׼˵ͱץס֣㣬ȱ侲侲лú˵ǧӡ

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˶ԷһſԶУ¼Ҿ˾ˣ˵ûѣС˼۾ߵĶӣϸؿһֻ룬𣿡

ҿ㻹ƨأôĿôôҲҿڣȱǮȱ˰ɡ
˵ֱ꣬ץߵĲ豭ĿⶢԶУ˹ȥԷɫͷ㣬ȻôҲû뵽һУʼĿߵӣҲûϵȱӷɵǰҪ㿪ѾˣӴһ̾ȥţʹãûѪ

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˿ԼҽεεĹŮ, ʾһ㶼ȤдʫҪŲҪƻվͦõġ
ɢʱ, ѵʱҲˡ

ӹת¸̾Լµ, , һܼԼ, ־ӡ
˲״̬Ͽտɾޱ, һÿһӶѣЧЩ̫ˡ
ѽڣϲļͥ, ȻҲаִ, Ļٳ, Ҫĵö࣬ӶҪѵĻʵ, 屨ͬ΢ЦЩиͻὫǣɾûʵۿĺܣ̫ڿ˵Ϊ˻Ϻã, 㶼ûио
еΪϺõģѰĸףѵ⺢ӡ
ʵѡ̡
ڡ
ӡ
𲻺á
Խ, ̫Խô, ˵󼤶ýӶ, ʾʵǲ˹ƻĵ, Ͳˡ
ʵۣ
翪ʼЦѾʧ١
̵úˣıʮƽĿº͵ض̫󣬾ʱǲ˵ϲŭɫ
ʺ󣬺󹬵ŮԼӻŮǶڹ
Ǯࡣ
ڻʵۿˡ
ʺüһܾ鲻ᳯϣķչ
޵ּ⣬ܼ֪ܣ״Ŀ޾ܼʮϣʮѽ֮ʣشÿʮ壬ʾ¡˵ûһ˿˿ŭʵ۶Լıʮ⡣
ūּ
Ǯ˵˳ȥ
վס
̫ıסغʵŵúܣǱˣոհѲ˵Ļ̳ˣȻûеõԷĲԼĸ
ȻǮಢģӰܿʧˡ
ʵۣʲô˼
ʵۿ̫Ų豭¶΢ЦĸǻʹߵĻҲԽͻܼң˵һΣϣĸܼסˣǻʵۣ´ٶ޴Уֱӽܼҵȫͽź㣬ԽƢԽá
̫סˡ
ĸĲˡ
ʵۿ˵ΪӣȻǳȫ㣬ܼ˸ᣬ޾ڻȪ·Ҳį
̫󣺡
ܼˣ
޳ȥŮóȥˮʲôϵ
ʵվɨˣ
˵ֱ꣬ӽеıӷ£ԶĹˣ޵ĻܼȻҲܹˡ
ܹɫɷףְ֮
ϣ檻ġ
ǾɡʵĮ˵ҪޣҪ־͹ܡ
̫ܹˣ
ʵɨԼŮˣǻʵۡ
˵仰Ŀؿ壬Сӣ߰ɣǻعųԡ
ǡ
ʵۺ뿪
ȥܹˣ
̫㶵ؿŻʵ뿪ĵطڲʵܲ˰ĻԼԲʺ˳Ŀ⣬һ˹ȥ
ʺˣ
ʱ˿̣ʶϱˣԺ˵Ҫעˡ
ҪԻЦ
±˵һ֮ϻͨ˼ҵĵ˱ӵѵ⣬Ҳᷭĺòã
߳Ĺʵһæһ̫࣬С˵ȥִеĹˣţ˳˸Ǯ࣬ŵ㣬ѵһ¾Ϳԣֳ
壺
ͺ
ҵĻܼˣǮȥ˻ϵּϵãȻûȥƨɾͰһžĴģʮ尡ǿ϶ƿѪֱʥּ˵ǶپǶ٣;ιȥڰ򣬵ٴѹǮѾ뿪ԺΪʲô
ʹдһԩ֡
һͼȥԺ飬ʵ˯ȥ緹ʱ̧ͷŶСܣһ
˭ѽ
ﾪ㵵˵ôһСأ
治װģЩæ϶˯ôһʱͿ񣬻Ҫ飬ǺþöûۿһӸĸѾߵСˣֵİ˿ɰഺ꣬һЦÿľѡ
ϴ󣬾Ұ
褱ôһʣһ£üЦ
ϴ˵ʱˣ˵Ļȥ
ȻÿӶǱɰС㣬ֱӿ佱Ҳһö˰

ô䣬΢Щ˼һĹâԸڵҲġ
ȥ·ϣ´褣ǰֵʱû֣˶˲٣ţСܴȥˡ
ѵõûһصѧþ˯
ʵʲôسûУ
ϸ˼ţҡͷ
ȻѾںŬضˣԼⷽûʲô츳ģҲһ㡣
΢Щɥ
ѧӷǱһ㣬¶͸ſͰ͡
ûϵ˺ÿ褣ҪһЩϲʲô

褾ܻش𣬡һòá
ϲȥѧʲôֲȱǮаþǺ£ܵе׷
褺ǲ˼һС˵ңңлвܴġ
ϲȴһŶûС
üôûţСӣòһӾˡ
㻭һԡܵʱ򻭳ʲôܿ
Ҫ

ʲô
㡣
Ϊϴֱӽ鰲ŸСܣԸſż˯ͷ褣ȵؿѾ
ˡ
Ѿǵ˵ʲô֮ǰôһ־ᱳҲûЦ㰡

üѾ㲻
һᵽԺ뵽ľǰۣľ࣬˷ʱȵȣں·ǳϲҲû𻭱ʣڣԼϴȻҪһô죿
ܲ𣿡
ܰ
Ѿͷ褵ۿɼķ⣬ֻҪܳܵס
žϨˡ
һʲô
Ѿü褵ģʵͬԼСĻúӣںгȱģҲûʲô
ô룬˼ŸһЩ飬Ϥİɡ
ðɡ
ǣһ磬褶ڻΪϴҲѧķһʼͱ˹עҲڱ˳Ц
㻭ʲôŤ˵ġ
ˣ̫ˡ
Ҽֶöá

褵ĻʶڲͲǼǿˣٱôһģߣ͸±ˡ
ΧЦһˣһ̾ͱˡ
ֻһ£ͽ˯
ѾȴյԼСźţײе׷ңʲôҼС˯ˡ
褿Ѿٻͷ˿˯ϴǸжٻǽ̹ĻͲͣţԼģЩڷƨԣǾڷƨֹˣûôˣȥ˾ͳ˽ȥʱعȥ
ȵձʵʱ̧ͷͿԼϴվҲ֪˶á
ϣϴ󡣡
͵ؽһͷҪס֪һòãңҡ
ϴ󣬱ҡ
⻰˵ڣǺܺԼϴҲûãҲãҲã˵
ÿ
ıࡣ
ݵض
Ȼس
СĻؿԽԽأ㻭ģ
š
ӰϸС
˭
褾ȵ̧ͷԼϴ󣬲ϴ󣬾Ȼóһˣ룬С˵ҵ
Ѿ
Ѿ̾Ͳ䵽ԱߣǵǿĻ𣿡
ѾͷؿеĻԽԽǾúЩ֮ͬɫʻǻбУͷ褣һģʵ˭˵ûл츳ģ
˶ô˵
褿ˡ
ϴĸѾͷڲͬģһᡣ
ֻǡ
Ĳڰο
ôţͽﻰ˵˳ϴѾǲ֪һòãǲѾܿˣģΥһҡ
죡
ͬʱ˵
룬Щû۹ôǰοһ϶ܿ㻭ˣ
˵褵ļ򣬡С㣬㲻Ƕˣⷽ棬ţ


ѧһҲĿɿڴҲ̫˵˵ˡ
һͿʼַ
ûйǣ˵ҪЩǣľôᶮߣҸҶˡ˵꣬һŻһק褾ߡ
ֿѧǻʲôΣһظں档
ȻҲҪһسӡ
ѧҲĺòã褻ĶýŶܱúá
ϴأҪȥ𣿡
һģ
ٽܿˣǾ褵ĻΣ
˵
ͬʱڣĿ͸
г
ӵѵûа࣬߰ɣȥ
ǣѧһȺ˳Ժ褺ѾмûŵģԽϲԽ±ЦϴҪˡ
 ϴϴ󡣡
һ仰ֱӲ˵ˣʵﻹǺܸжģϴΪడ
мѧǣٺٽˡ
ߵѧ԰࣬û壬ΪѧϰԺѧǲһһʮ棬ǣѡվſڣصš
ѧǸ׼Ц
Ѿͬʱѹ˵죬ԼѧӰˣŰɡ
ѧǣ
ͺ
Ҫ棬ǲŲء
ؼǴ򲻹
ںܿ¿ˣ߳ѧãͿһѧˣü£
ˡ
Ȼ¿ˣǾûϵˣôһ仰ʹҡڵ߽ȥֱԼãλȥ
ŸëŮ񣬺ЩѧӶվؿ·۸Ǿ͸ûһ
á
㡣Цҡ
ԷͷЦݸӲ˼֡
иҪ㿴ｫ˹ȥ
ɵˡ
û뵽ϴȻĻƽ϶νĲӲŮмһˣΪԼǾͲһ·ˣʫʺ黭ˮԺŵǰʮĻͲۡ
ð
΢Цؽӹȥ
褿ЦʧֱӾͱ۾ȴϤıĻ
Ȼ
ʱعȥվûг֣ĵһֱ۾ʲôôͿˣ
ǱĻѿ޵
ôһҲˡ
ʱŻứȴûзһ˿˿֮·ſסԼڣ㣬⻭ģʵ̫ˣҴûһȻҲܱǿҵ֮һ˺ܶίҼλ𣿡

ѧǡ
ǵ°Ͷˣ˿ֿ˿ȷǽƭǵ
ֱӽ˳
˵˻ԼǾԲʧġ
˶Щˡ
Ҫˣ
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ң
϶Ρ
ȻҲеѧԶĻȻѧǳԽԽףֱӾͰϵ鷢ˣҲʼΪ⻭ȴҲΪѵõļ
ѧǣ
ԼһѣȻģ
ĻҲ
ҪҲȥһ
𾪵褣һαôѧԺ͵Ŀ⿴ţڣͣ㡣
۲һʱܽġ
ѾõԼĴ𰸣ֱӽ褴ߣЩҪΪͽЩ鶼ҪԺ˵ԼСܵĽҪ߳ѧã룬ֻصǰѧȥһ˶п𣿡
еġ
صͷʱ˿̵ȫûиոպͬʱ࣬ģ
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ȫ⣬ʮʹġ
ΪŮǲóܣţԼҶ뿪ıӰⷽģҪһ
ѧ
褶ԼϴҪȥԼҺǻӭȻô
ҲҪȥ
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˻Щˣ֮¡誳Լ̫̫̫̫Ҳͬλá
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Ȼһģһ
ˣ
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ر֮¡ϸػһ£СӺİĽΪȻȴڿ佱ڹϵѾǢ˰
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֮¡һ۾Ͳٿˡ
ʵ̫ˡ
ô
ô׳ˣһӶûУ˶
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
ѭȥ
ι
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ͥǻ̵ģ֮¡Щͷۡ
Ҳ˵֪òʧģͽˡ
壬û뵽ϾȻôĸףһ߿һ߿ߣôŻ޵øˣѹӻôĻҰɫʣô츳׵ûֲ˵ͬЩû۹˵Ļ̫ʧˡ
ûҲʧԱ硣


85 
˫ĿǴԼ֮¡
ȵ, ҲҵĴ𣿡
ͥɵô׵İŻôĶŮ
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ûûС
оԼѧˣԭõȷ÷İ
Ĵ˭, 褶˵, Сʱľ࣬û, ׵ȻҲǷͼӴס
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, ҲֹһΡ
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, ôͿˡ
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յſڵͥһͣ˽Ų, Ŷҡͷ, ȻĬĬվš
ǣ
ʲôë
ôϲǽ
ûС
ҡͷ
ҵĵؽ̵ҡ˵
, ˵ʲô
ϴС, Ҳĵý̵
ҵҽ΢Цſ, ȻеʱñӺ, ҲǸŮķʽ, Ͳú˽ˡ
ǲŶ
ǻɡ
ҵֻҡۿ, еԼ, ү㾹ȻҪҵ, Ƕûչˣ
˰
ô˵İ
Ϊͥɲﰡ
ãԶˡｫ
ɴ۾ⷽ棬˵רҵģһ߿ޣһ߷еĻȫλڿ佱ؼ˼ҿûж
˵
ôһԽԽԼҺӻĻô¡
ֻǣûüˣǴˡ
㣬㿴Ƭ˴ĺɫͻɫܸоܺѹ֣ٿⳬ˵ĴԼļ˵ռһһ룬һºţ׶ӣôĵģ
úס
ԼҺӵ̫̫Ѿ޳˶Ǽҵ褰˴ίˡ
誳ӣҲеᣬ֮¡Ŀ֡
𺳵֮¡
һԼһɹĸףرǶСӣرĿݣôҲû뵽ԸСĿġ
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ӶõĶӰѾˣ㿴սһСĴŬ㿿£֪˵ʲô𣿡
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ιι
⻰˵ġ
ûء
ǵҪ˵ʲô
㻹𣿡úǲ˼飬ţŲͱ׻ٵˣҶĲŻᱻûһʱͻһλʦˣ
ԣˡ
صͷ
վ㣬㣬ʲô

СѾͷﵽʲô󰡣µӣΪᶯִ˰ɣ
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ؿ
誳ҲԴչȥ
ͬʱü⻭ôǶûðЩˡ
Ժһѵõļʱһ䡣
Żһ
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Ϊ۰褵ĸ֣ôԺȲϣõɴ۾
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š
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ת뿪ſڿ׵ֱӾ˹ȥôˣ
֮¡ԱȣԼҵӺˡ
ǻؼҳԷ
˵⻰ͥɵľˣ˵˵ˣƤͺˡ
ţߣȥԷ
һĿڻϲϲػҡ
ҸоãջǾõģǿ𣿲ԺҲͥģ֮¡һ
ǣϳ극ʱ
褸պһ֮¡һ䣬褺ð
褣
һʲôðġ
ٳ뷹˵һ䣬
褣
ͷƤѾЩˣĵؽ忿磬磬ҵǱ𣿡
С֮¡ϰ֮ˣúͷһðſھ׼뵽Ǹܱ˼ѡˣ󳶳ȻЦݣָСӼһȣ褣԰ɡ
̿ˮˣĬĬؽȳˡ
ǽ챻СָˣҲ˵Ŀʼʡ˸̬ȥѧСӣ˵ʱֹֿɰ
һֱȰĿ⿴ŵ褣Ƥһ
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ˣȥԼϴɣһܵ򸮣ûȶþͿԼϴŹǷţͦõģϴġ
ѧã֮¡ŻȥѯԺóҪԼûп⻭õȥǰ̣õľȻǺһĿ佱ô˵أ
ܸЩܡ
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š
ǰõץסˣЦǺǵ˵ָԼһ
ŻЦŴӦˡ
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˴Ҵҵ֮¡˺ôһˮԼúúͺ˵֪İĻ˵ǼֵǧǴǰĵʦ㡣
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УҲ֪Ϊʲôް
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˶ڿޡ
ҵô֮ǰ˵Ƿϴ˵һ츳ҳΪʦء
ƫƫǼһ޵ġ
̫ˡ飬ʫһҪУҪижģôԳΪʦΪĿأףʵ̫ˡ
￴һ֪˭ĴŮʫˣʫ˹˷ܵ㡣
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褿޵Ӵ˵һμѾͷĸŮˣǸˣԣӦǸӡ
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ҪףమĸĸҪֳҪ֪ĸҲпܱ軵ģԽТ˳ԽǾԽǿܵôߣʲôģͼƿţһ㹷ʵӦġ
˵˵
ͥ˵һ䣬ԼҵŮϸˣҪȥ˼ҵĺӡ
Ȼҵǲһģ㿴ҵôķӣҵûһ䣬óԺúȵعš
ۣ
ǡ
褺Ľ
Ҫǻ֪˶ٻأпѾˡ
ٿҴ磬ɣʵҵʵûʲôҪһΪ

褿ԼҴ磬Ҳ㣬Сʱ׶ĺܽ
ˣ˵Ǽٵ
ܵġ
ٿãģСͰޣӻôһ㲻ҵûж˵һػϸĵغǻţҺǰ㣬˳ȻĲģ㿴ã˭˲˵㣬Ǽ𣿲ûУʦҲûС
жؿͶ㣬ʵ̫Ҹˡ
ﶼ˽˵ʲôˡ
ţѰ
ǺɵӵģôԼҲˡ
С㰡
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ܾ֮ͥ¡ٲѶӴߣԺ󶨱ܾûаӹˡ
㿴ҵãܷʵ𣿡
ҡͷ
֪Ϊʲô𣿡Це˵ΪһĵѶԶŮҪ󶼷ԼϣǼι̵ıɡĿΰĿɽΪòܸ׷Լϲ¶ͬЦݣΪ֪۷ʲô飬һԶǵġ
˵վȻͥһӵлл㣬ΰ׵
Щ⧲ˡ
ĲٷεͥͻȻһжֵõġ
лл㡣
Ҳ֣صһ䣬ȻܴϣʵҲͶ˵СûиѹȻҲԼйأҪǻӲõĺӣѹԲһ
Ǿ仰ܳΪŮĺܿġ
أǺΰ󡣡

ôͻȻˣŮΧŵͥɣ߰ı飬ĸжһͿ
ǣãһˣĲˣԺҪúТ˳ǵ̫̫˲ᣬЦ˵
ͱͱԼˣʹѧѧ
ҵҲܺðȴ󲮸áͥͩ׼ӣŮĻֱ¶΢Ц
褺Ľ
Ϊʲôûҡ
ѹϴҲЦôá
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գ۾С˵ҵĴ㣿Ŭ
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ۿɼĿ
ͥɣ
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ʱ֮¡Ѿˣ춼ˣ褻ûлؼңһ㶼ģֱӽСӵĸ׺ͷˡ
ȻͱŮ˵ԼΧˡ
ʱعȥ
˵褻᲻̫ģ벻Ͷ˰
˱ֻôһ˵ɻԺɫŵòҰס
̫̫Ų䣬Ҳǲܣ㻹ϴοƾٵѧûãһ벻ˣҵ褰ſʼ֮¡
ɣ
֮¡ˡ
ɱһޣҲŵúܡ
ھͳȥҡ
ȥ
Ҳȥ誳п˵
˳˺˲һ뵽ľңҴҵܹȥڵʱŵķ
Ժܿġ
ҵʵ̫ˣ֪׵ֳЦȥ
ֿʼ֮ǰĶԻ
֮¡ܿЭаɣ㲻ԸʦͲݣԻؼ𣿡
š
ͥΪôˣû뵽ڶ³֮¡Ͷ˵褰ݶѾͷΪʦɺ⣬Ϊ֪ǾԲˣϣԼҶҲ
ǰŵˡ
ͥɿ֮¡ʮָӣջǾ˵ȰؿǣҼҶѾͷ̳ͽܣ㲻һܵס
֮¡ûԼǷԡ
Ͼ֪л滭츳ԷΪʦˣⲻס


86 
ͥɵĺ֮¡ûᵽ, һͥ˵ԼĴ㣬۸ģ褰Ϊʦ, ҲʦȻôУҲ㰫һһտ⺢, ҲܷЩ
ͥɣ
ĺܲ
Ȼ, 褣ңǻǰƽ۵, , չҼҺӵģҲչġ
ͥɿЦݲõ֮¡, ﵽ, Ǹ˼
ʦ
￴ڴС㣬ûоܾ, а, 룬˰Ӷ˶, , ܿҲͽܵ, оЩɣ, , ɿ, һ, ˵ݰɣ
ͥ, ֮¡
Ѿӷǰ׼ݣԼ׵ֹˡ
һ˫˫Ŀ⿴֮¡
Ц˵ʦǴ£϶Ҫѡһգ˶ڳһ¸صļ֤ˣϰʦ񡭡
֮¡˵һѡ
о鷳Ƕż˵ȥţҲЩģ;ˡ
Ǯյ
ʦ˳һٷͺˡ
ⲻ̫ðɣ֮¡ͥɣԼ޶ʦǺ֣صģûΪĳŶ
ҡ
ͥľ˵¶Ѿͷͺá
̫ͣ鷳ˡ
ͬͷ
壬Ҫǽ飬̸̸룬ҵûңǲͷеĺӣǣȥǸġ
褵ͷøϴ⻰˵̫ˡ
ľһʲôϯᰡͷҪĺǴкǷˡ
֮¡
Ҫְ
Ҳд
˵Ӷʶһ³ǵҲΪǺ
ڵĺôˣ
Ҫ֪ҲҺңţټһƼңûô߰飬Ҫ֪˼ЩֵܽΪϳͷͷѪôǻôʶô
ǡ
ӺܿͶʱڵ¸صļ֤ˣˮԺԺʱľġ
ʵ֤֮Ҽһİʦ
ȻԼͽܺͶӻҪġ

ھǵԺôףʹҲⲻġ
˺ʮֵĿش˴ΰʦŮһͻش˵ҹܸɣ˵ҵĺӿɰƺһӾ
Ȼ
褾г̣˵ͬģôôϰ
䣬˰ǰ
˲ûˡ
ϷЦݽϣץŶϷ˵ҲǣҲǣҪƽ۰ѵӣŶͬˣŽվʱԼӣȷʵȶԷϺö࣬ô£
Ҳΰ
Ȼ⻰˵ĺܲʱˣҲòϣ⺢˵ʵ
ĺԡ
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褸оԼˣӣ˫׼Ҹطһ㡣
ϷǼģҲͽһӾȻЦ˳С˵òϽãôģôһЩûôࣿ
ͥɣ֮¡ĳ͢سȫҪ̫̫ĵģҲͷεسȥʣά˼ʹϵȡǵġ
ˣǻϾͺٳţϴμ滹Ƕڵʱ
ϷǿȴûбֳЦҼҶѾͷڣǺ˵һ㶼ϣ仹ţֲ֪һÿҶЦ˵ĿԺϱһȥ˾ǽã⺢Ӿͻ֡
Ϸˣ
Ľ
ҲҪŮ
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Ķ
ǣֱӿˣ㿴֮ǰҶҼСһгʦͽǶԵְմںҲûʲô飬ͺƤ˵һ䣬ܸһ𣿡
ˣ
ˣ
Ժ
һ⣬Ѿͷڣʥ˶Ѳ³ηչ

ô˵
褣

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ô
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ﻹ˽һ¹̣ʦҪ鲢࣬񣬽ܹݣѵȵȡ
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褹ڵؿͷ
֮ǰЩʵûбҪɿǰСģͻȻоôһ˿˿ѹСϡ
ʦȲ衣
á
һھͷǰɵ褣ʼʦĵһѵС㣬һҪסҽ˵Ļ
صͷ
ԱŵʮԺͥɣȫľǲô³ʲôûˡ
ҪģȾ
š
֮¡ҲһԵͷ
һеǰᣬúϧԼ˭ŵģҪģסˣĳˣ׵ԼʦǵĻ˵ٺΣģҪ

׼ͷ褿Լʦ
סûУ
С˵סˡ
ܺãڶȨ㲻ҪģֻҪһղͲû˻۸㣬ȻһǵˣҪǵãŲˣ˵ʱˡ
֮¡誳У
ͻȻѹô󣬿Ҹӣһ㶼֡
ǮˣҲӦüס顣˵档
褲ɵҲ
Ȼ˵ǮҲһ֣ûǮҿһֲ
ид褸ŵͷ
ǮʵҪסˣΪҵͽܣмǲݳ˷ѣ·УʳϲܳԣϲҲ¶ǣǱҪõİƷ򣬡˵һ񵥣ЩȫǷ˶ڿⷿǷù⣬һֵûС
Ϊ׼˰ʦ֮¡
΢΢Щȡ
˺Ժȴͬ
ϣסһеϲҪмֵһϣҼҵֵܽѧϰӺŲǿģ츳ĲŻеĻʲĲƸ
ʦ
褸жۿˡ
ʱ˿̣֮¡̵ʶжôְΪЩûкԼ˵
ͽܵĹͷͽܣ޾ͿޣЦЦӽӦúһһ㾡š
ء
ứµжġ
ŵ
Ц˵ȰһգҵĻû˵ꡣ
š
褵ͷͳ־˲ᣬоӲͨ飬֮¡üͷҪѵ⣬ԼҴӸסˣȻ̧ͷͶ

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ѵʧ񣬺ܶ
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ѣ
鰡
褡
ڣ褻شʮִ
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֪
褵ͷ
˵Ļ˵ˣͲټ˷ѿˮ̧֣ѾͽһľСӷϣҸ
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Ҳܺ棬Ͼ͵
ʮϧش򿪡
һƱ̧ͷԼʦЩ⡣
С㣬ٸһ仰ʦͽʦͽ飬̸ǮˣһΪţҲռıˣƱǼļֵҪ´εĻ˶͵ҸǰˣҲռĻЩ˵ȥˣ˵һЩԺ˵ң׵̸Ǯ㶼ҪţҪãƲġ
֮¡
˵ǮƵġ
ͥɣһ㶼֡
УѾǴˣӦԼĽǮۣǮԼܣôԼŰ졣
ʦ㲻һǺöǮ
Ҳÿ㻨ǮǵһμôƱЩ¡
㡣
ллʦ
ɡ

ʦʽʽˣ׼˷ˣһȺ￴վ褣˵ʲô
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գ
ʵҲϰ߸˼вˣһô˵߸˵£ĵسԷ
һԺһ߳һ߳˼

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û
һֱźӣһúˡ
ˡ
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͵İʦࡣ
С
СôôǮ褰ҪЩǮ㱣ţÿһЩ
ԼҶʲô˽
ôǮ϶ȥƵصģţ˵׼¡
Ǯš
룡رľӣʦ˵ûȻҵƱô
褰˵
Ҳ
褿˵ǮԼĴ㣬붼롣
˵걧ľӾͻȥˡ
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ҵȻ֪̰褵Ǯǣ㲻Բԣ֮ǰû֣εѣټϽʦģ誳ͻȻȷʵ⡣
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誳п˵
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Сˡ
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ô㵣ĵĶôǼȱǵǮ𣿳ڲƽΪʲôͲõķ룬誳еЩ󣬡㲻ܹһӵģҪͷ֣㿴Щ褵ǹܵò٣أԽԽһ㳤ûУ
ң
֮¡ָ˵һ㶼Ǽٵġ
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誳лͷԼĸס
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ҷȥϢúӱĲ
褻صԼԺӣϴúڴϣŷͷһߵľӣЩǮҪôأ
Ȼƣ

ʦ϶ʧġ
ģ
ң׵Իġ

ʲôأ
ʦĻǵһʲôȱתľӣòű˯ˡ
ӣ֮¡û¾ʹ褽Ǯˣ
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褵ͷ
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Ц·ȫо׵ŭ𣬡㣡
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֮¡ֱӳһԵĵӾ׼ˡ
褰Ⱦܡ
֮¡ں׷
ĺӶˣһֱ׷Ŷӳ˺һ·ȥѾˣ׷ҸϵӣҲ̾Ӻ֮ǰүദǺ
Ȼ
ġ
Ūˡ
ʦʦҵҪңܽҾͿʼ£Լʦ̾Ͷ㵽ȥ
￴žŵӵ֮¡һʾ
֮¡𣿡
ͥɿ˵ŮʱҲ
ңҡ
֮¡ӷ£㣬Ҳʲô
˿褡
߲˵
ż칦Ǯˡ
ü壬飬һҪ˵ģ𣿻˾ͻˣǮģô顣
㿴ѧѧ
ԽǸж׵Խǲ
㣬ǣ
֮¡֪ô˵ֱӿͥɣҲܹܡ
˵ģʦҪأԼġͥ˵ֿ꣬˵УأԵЩ죬һͺ̫̫򸮣ѧԺҲǸŵҼҵģϸ̫̫ؼң˵ŰȥĶ
ֱӶ׵Ĵָ
ûУôȫʧȥǡ
֮¡
Сƭġ
Щˡ
Ƥ˵˵ΪʲôҪƭ
ˣҪұǮ
˱ӵĿ֮¡Щȡ
˵ٶ˵ԴӰʦȥһֱ߶Ҿʹģû뵽ˡЩɵؿ֮ǰսǼٵİɣ


87 
褵Ļ, ׵֮¡¶ͨ, һ촭ģܿ죬ʼĴ鿴Ѱ˵Ĺߡ
һԵͥĬĬؽӵȥ
ˡ
̿ˮ, Ųɱѹúܵ͡
ʦ˵ˣ˺òҪǡ
֮¡˿ͥɣֿ˿ԼҶӣĿͣڵݵǰı, 
С
ǰӣ̫û, ֻ˿Ц
ôţһЦ˳ˣʲôôʱűӰ׼˭𣿡
˵˭ʱ򻹿
ͥջرӣ뻹ʮĵزһ, ȰؼҲ׼һʹ, Ժõŵġ
òģ㻹ǹ˺Լɡ
֮¡Ѿָ˶еĵ, ԼҶ, Ǯأ
طۡ

ˡ
ʵش, ʦҲ, һ˵ȫ浽Ǯׯ, ʦ˵ģʡŵĻһµϢһˡ
С
ĹͷǶԷβ͵Ļʱ϶ҡʮֻ죬ʡŵģҵͽܣʹѾһһٸһǧ㻨ǮҪסǮ˵ĵǮǶ¡
ллʦ
褿˵ʵ̫ˡ
в
üҪ֮¡ͻȻ֣׵ڶĵλҡҡ׹ɿȿȣ褣ôʦǮҳɡ
褺ͬʱ
ǰƲ죬ţˣ⻰˵ǲŵģһһǲҪͣҵ
֮¡Щ졣
һ̣褵žͱһ£ɵɵҪţôܰǮƣҸҸûطþʹʲôʱ򲻸˵ҲûʲôʧҵͽܣһҪǵЩǧԽ
֪ˣʦ˵꣬ǻѧã׵¶һЦлл
ͽܣ˸ ûж
¾ֻϵѵ
ʱ򣬿Сͽܺϻ滭ΣǺοģԸϲ㣬ʵǸϲŬˡ
Ϊ˻⻨ʱ俴飬С㿼һЩʺ񻭻鼮̲ģϵͳ˽Է֮⻹һһٷֵͻϺͻʡ
š
ͷԼ
˵ҶԴĻôԼԴȪѧĳ嶯ʵǳ̫ÿˣԼֳǲԼܾû㡣
һˡ
ҲҪѧϰػ
ֿʼ飬ԣý̲ĺ͹ߡ
褺ܸж
ʦ˵˲Լ츳ͼԵĶգɸ¥ƽ𣬻һҪʵ
˵ʵϵ±ʵȵȣǺġ
ʦȻԿࡣ
أ
ÿμֲȥʱһ뵽˯ʦҲںش˶ͼ顣
СͽܺǳԼһʱʱҪƷһȤ
ǡ
һƷĿ

ﵱʱô˵ģػ
Ȼһʱ䣬褵Ŀͱ˵ȦȦɵĻ濴˻˯
꣬˴Ĵָ
óǸѧӡ˯
ѧҲۣⷢԼýŻ褺ãؼǻؼػһѧУƷȻһǴв褵ĻűûǾ͸¶һ˼Լûˮƽʱˣѿ
ǸʱƤѧǶ޵ĳ嶯
ǻ
Ǵ
Դӱʦ佱Ժÿʮ褾ͻŷУҲ⣬ֽϣĿǲǸ⣬ӦƷӦ޴ڵġ

ǣϾͽѧӷ
ڶ촩ȥ緹ʱ֮¡ˣһˮԶ褣ڸԺʥĵطѧӷԺ棬㻭ԵʥˣԵǣԵͬ𾴶û𣿡
˸ϲˮòӵ๫ô˵أ
е㵣ҲеЦ

־ϵĿˮʮ˵עŵ㰡öģ
𾴺ѧӷʲôϵ
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һ仰òе֮¡ȼˣûץӣֱӾͳıָ褣Ѳѣ
˶һ

誳вͬؿڡ
죡֮¡ͷŴӴ
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褣󾯸һΣѣ
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ÿܲõġ
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ʦ
￴ɫѧӷϵĶƣʻĻľţǺഺ

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ѧӾӦѧӵӡ
ЦøӲˣҵĶ尡û뵽뷨Ȼôͨҵҵķ񲣬ΪʲôͲӵĲأ˵Ż褳˳㿴ĻȰӦøеˣڻ·ʱСһҸֵС
褸жϡﻩ
˵ܶˣСţ뷨Ȼͨ˲һΪʲôҪһ£ڴѹ츳Ĵʹļ׵˵Ҫһ˵ˡ
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Ҫ𣿡
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ģ
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ЩҪ˵νҪ簡
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ϵı顣
ĹѾһ˳ϣܿڹЧԲǣٺ»٣ȫҲû˭лϸģ׼һθǾ棬̰֮Դ˭ҪǸܻ¸Ǻǡ
˭Ҳܲ𡣡
ΪҽǵĹ𣿲ֻʮ֮һǻ˹أ˼ģһʣû̹ǵֶζԸǣϣԶ֣ΪǸʱǻ޲ôûгϡ
ǰ
ٽܺ룬νʮ֮һѾ𺳣۽ˣʣµġأ
סˣǽϸɣżǿ־Ľ׵Уʱ̱ѵͷԣԼǱơ

ĻϷװͷԷȵĽһˮϣԺΪԵǵ·ԵԼǶǵڴԼˣڵʱܹ˵һ䣬ȻһƽȴΰĽΪ£ҴΪյİοһݹס
ԣ֪˭ļˣﶼڸ̾ɿģڵһġ
Щһͦһҹ٣ҽģ

·Ȼǲܾôȥġ
ĳƻؼġ
ڶ죬ϾͲ󳼵ķԣֱӰ䲼ʥּպԶڲɱĴ̿ʩг̡֮
ǣ
ʲô
ϺǺĵؽһ¡
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ʬ
̫ˡ
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ʷǿԺ󣬱
ˡ
˵ϵĴΪʲôһԵĶûУΪڵĴɱЩ󳼼ж˲˾ˣ֮ǰΪһֱûʹɱ֣ҲĥЩ̿͡
ôˡ
һµ˺öˡ
ųص˼ؼңЩʷֱӵõԼҳİƣдĸĸּǼҲˡ
ϾȻڳϵķԸ֪˳ˡ
̫ˡ
Ȼô룬ܵĻǵš
ô˵أ
ͺܿա
ϰ˻ϣΪʲôͲڶһٳأ
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Ǵ಻ʶ֣ɶ˿ʼ
һţȫ֪ɶгѵĿʼѯʣĽͺһŵûֱ£ֻǣСº󣬳ʲôʣ¡
ڴɱ˵İʮµĺͯʮλС֮еӤǣ꣬жӣɴϻۺѧТ˳˽ͬԼϲڶһ죬ӱ̿Ŀڶĸʹ֣һҹ׷ڶ˫˫ϵ
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˻ûûжڵĴɱԺ;ջ񣬻ȢӣĸĸẬŪԭҸһҾôûˡ
һĹ£رǹںӵģǣһ֣ҡ
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ĸĸΣûˣҲͻˡ
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һ߿һ߷ߺ޵ش󺰣Ҫʬ̫ʹ졣


88 
ʥּûȫж, Իʵ۵ĿǣҲԼĴ󣬲ӦΪԼ, Ϊ˶
ţΨһľԼ̴֣ͽ, ֮ϲͽشڣ˲ֵʴȣǶƵ衣
ǵʮϡ
Ͼϵİԣ֪һñİŮ˶òˡ
һ룬;û
ȻĻ, һʥּȥ˭ܷ, ֪Ϊ̫˿ˣԼ
˵ܱȱðɡ
ڳǱС

Բǡ
ôټͥ飬Щǻã
ѵúá
Ѿܺߵļ˰, ʱɲñ˵ʬι
ǼԼ̵Ա
ʱǶڲϵس鴤, صԼԺ, Ͽ, Цһ䣺֪Ϊʲôֵһ˻䵽³ˣ
Ϊʲô
ʵϿտżҲ, ԼŮ˲ãԶŮֻܻ߶ûģ
뵽Ŀ, , ǡ
ֻõһۣԼѾãЩԼ
һܲ档
Ϊʵ̫ͨˣ㿴ʿϹţĽݵȵȣͱǲһ֣ǱҲһȺҪĴ̿ȫǸգҲˡ
ҲϿձ齩סˡ
ԴҲû뵽Ϊ
ļЦݸӲãЩ˲ᶼǸհɣ
¶ˣĶŮԣŮַʱ˵Ҫգա
ϿԱˡ
ܵԺӵһš
˴һӺĢտջͷʣڵ̫ܿס𣿡
⵹ǰסˡ
һҪǵõ񶨴׼ŵϿգ˼һ£϶ܣʲôѾǳѷӵĴڣİҵˣΪ£ֻҪһе£Ļ룬ɷˣЩһ㣬Ҫ˺㣬һܵɵƲá
ģ
ġᶨصͷ
ʥּķ̾ĴּȻڵһʱյϢ
һɫࡣ
ͽ˱ӣһ˲輸һʯ~
Ǻܷŭ
ʵʲô˼
֮͢ǰЭ
ѣ
̫ˣ
ǵĵܵܣãӣŮֶֶŮŮǲμ˴ɱô
ϲǺúõ
ʲô֮ϾûзͽǵĺòãѵЩ˲֪ǽʿ޾ôΣɷԼ
ߣ
Ρ
У
ǵóѡ
ĴϹţĽݾۼΪ׵ϹңһЩеıֶΣ복Ǽˣ͵ñ˺׼
г𱨳ԹԹ
Լ˿϶ҪȵģҪǵ죬Բʲ
;ÿһȥʹ
ɱʵ۵ڣΪ˳ڶһҪʵ׽ˣڳǽϣ񶼿֣͢ǳ͢ʵҪǣֱǰΡ
ԺѧǶʥּĿҲǲһ
ͬ˷ԡ
Ǻͳ͢࣬Ե˾ǵĳһʱ֮죬޵Ķ
ȻѧûйϵһѹͲġ
עʥּǸϲĽĲû¾ȥûʱȥϴ֣վӣԼݡ
褾һȺܵƵһ
ˣѧӷµģһǲᴩģ̫ӷˣɫܻӭ޳ȥرţʱ˿̣褿žԼܸоﲻ̫ͷ˵۾ӣپ죬ԣ
ʱԼӦӵġ
ͻȻͣںڵͷϣ۾һˡ
Ҵҵܵǰ
ʦʦ
˯̧ͷԼͽﭵ۾־ʹһţʲô
ҵͷһɫŷҵʣڵ
ֱ壬ҵش
аҵĺͽܴ󰡣Ѿѧ˾һ˰ֵÿ佱
𣿡
ġ˵ţԼһƺڷȻɫͷܺÿһļСһɫδЩǰĴһͷɫǸʱԼô˵ɣǽһȻ鶯žеԼֱˣһ춼ֺܱ顣
ﵱȻˣǸϵͳ׷ʱϲһͷɫףӳĵľһﶼ޼ҲԵġ
һѧϰѾװûЩԼСƵɫǶ¡

ڶһͽܣû죬Ժڡ
ڲʺɫ
ľʦ֪ɫ뽫ҵͷɰɫ
ãаɫļٷϸһؼңø㡣
ллʦ
˭ҵͽأʦˣһҪúТ˳֪𣿡
֪
Ѿ
ĶѾ뵽ԼܵľţҲ֪һҹͷĶӣܲס
Ϊʥּڼǿ䱸ĶصشһǷʧ̬˸УǲܵģǴ󽫾
˲̧ͷ죬ʮи˵һ䣬Ҫˣ
һͷɲǣеˡ
Щ佫˵ǷǳͬϵľŶڵĴɱͱûš
ҹЩ죬ҰԺ￴ԼҴ磬Сĵ㣡ҵĺϢ
š
һµͷ
뿪򸮣ʮˣǮ죬Ϣؽ˻ʹ
һ־֪ǻʵ˯ĵط
Ҳһ˵Ŀĵء
ûоһʮһ˳˻ʵ۵ǰڻʵ۵һȺźµĽ񶼱ҪᣬҪһЩɣ޵İΣͽˡ
ʮһûһ˵ֻǹվһʵǰİڵʮһ˾ںڰĽ䡣
ǮŴ죡
ʵҲŴ죡
Ŷ

һµǰߵʵ۸ǰϣίˣͺǮһ
Сĵ㣡
ʵһ㶼ί˵ѹû˯ô̼ĳ棬Ҫۿ
ǮҲôġ
ǲ֪ǣǮžʵ۲ԶֻŵĴϷһڱţС
ץ̿ǺҪ
Զλġ
ҪǽöûˣЩӵѵͰ׷ˣ˵յǳˣֱͱԼˡ
ҪǻϼҪʵҪתƵģյġ
֪˱Žջʿʹд̻ϣǮ໹ûʵ棬棬ҪΣգܵһµġ
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۾ɵôġ
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۾õĻʵۺǮоЩˣ۾ţľͲ˯ţһֱ۾оЩɵ
Ȼʱعȥһӣǽŵգ˾ô˯ˡ
ڰ˾ӣʱ䣬ڿŵ֧΢΢Ʈ۾һϢطϡ
ĸӰӳڵϡ
ǽ˵ĺûʵ̫ࡣ
ŸԵıûзһߵǰһ̣סˣӭǵһƯĴŲЦݵ
ˣ
мˣ
˲ǻʵۡ
ˡ
ɱҡ
ֱӴӴϷ𣬶ǵĵһйǳ棬һ̣廨ɳϷȻĶˣ˷ת廨룬Ѩһ⣬սûˡ
ûֵǳ֡
һ˾͸㶨ˡ
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ôǰƣȥĸˣǰֱӽ̿Σߡ
忴˯øһĻʵۣؽԷ϶ûѣһ˯þ͸ӳˡ
ǾͼʶôŬġ
뷨ǽһĽѧ
Ҳܾ
һ͵ϳʱ̫̫̿ˣУ̫˵ûǻ̿࣬ţԺҪӱýԲܱһ̫ȥ
糯컹û
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һ̣ϣϣ
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Ǯ̧ͷͿĻʵۡ
ˡ
ûû¡
ԣ
̿أ
ô˯ˡ
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˰
彫˵һ飬ʵϵİûʮԣô˯ˣ룬ʵ̿𣿡
Ļ֤˯ˡ
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ѵӦϳˡ
ϣĴɱʵһֶûᣬ˽䱸֮⣬Ҳûʲô£ؾɢˡ
⣬֮ͥ¡ѾС˵ĻŶԷĿⶼһҪסûʲôǹȥġ
ҺûпѾͷЩĵķɫ־úܡ
˵褡
֮¡Ѿϰ˶ԷĿ⣬ЩģڵѾǰˡ
ľ˳ɰǧˣܹˣţԼҵСô治ɫ
Ҳôġ
ͥļ򣬡ҽ̫ҽؼҡ

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ͥػؼң׼Ϸ
վǱӰˣصҵʱ˲Ÿո𴲣СˣûʲôɣرǶүû°ɣ
ˣ
ѵĴģүҲˣ
ôɹ
ŴɵɵˣüˣǸݵˣͲƽˡ
褵Ժ𴲣ϴúʦ͸ļٷ˳ŲɵʦѧӣԽٷãţɷԲ̫ÿΣվһ˿׷ɿں棬ֹ΢΢һЦɫͷÿ
Ϻ˵㶫
˼һüĻһ÷ѽ̫ˡ
˧úܡ
˧߳š
Ժǣ
˭
ǵү
ôͷˣ
ֱӾ˹ȥһУܳȥˡ
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һ·ߵԷĵطһ·Σһ·С
үү
˳˷Ͱ͵Ļû˵֮꣬¡׼ѵˣ褷߽
ˣ
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誳еıӵϣæ˵ʲôϽȥ̫ҽ˵ǰȥԼҵܵܣ褣ûﲻ
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Цݽϣ֪ķ֣ĺԼĲһ
Ȼһ䣬ôѵҽױݺͷɫÿ𣿡
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⻰ʲô˼
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ױݣ
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ʲô
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ۣ
˵ҲУѾܣֻҪܵʦ͵þˡ
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ܿ췹Ϳ˵ټˡ
Ϸ˺˶һۣ誳У˵ʦԷ𣿡
誳Ҳܺڰ
ǣʦֲǶϷҪⶼԷڣڰ
ڵֵ˶˶䣬Щȥʲô飿
˼ҵ֣Ǳÿ
Ӵ
̫ҽˡ
֮¡º
ǰѶӴˣˣ
ô²ʱģֻ褵ͷˡ

ֵһȺֺǺǵ˵֣ԼҵĺӣĿ˴ȰǴ𶨱Ժ̫Ǵȸ
ͥɵĺһֱţŽֿɢ죬ֱһɫװ߽Ů
һͷɫͷŸβ߶ҡΡ
ȵȡ
ͥɿѾ˵ѾͷѾɫͷԹ
ûȤ
Ѿ޹գ۾һ䣬С˼£²ס
ԣ
Ѿͷ۾ô£
ôǺɫġ
Ѿѣͥɽܵٶȱ˶Ҫ졣
˵ѽ
ֱӽ۾ͫȡ۾ָֻ˺ɫҪﻹС
Ҫ
ֱͥӾܾ
ҲǿͫãˣһĴβһ˧ĶԼһֻۣ°һôÿɣ
صͷ
浾ҲӦȻɫƽ鰡˵ԼֲӰˣС顣
Ψ̫̫ҪһЩҲһ仰û˵˷һ߲ӣһ𾭡
ոնѾͷӵĶеŵˡ
ӷϴΪʲôôӦñӳ
϶İ
ϴ󣬿鰡


89 
̫̫ǿҵԸ׶Ӳûᵽ, ֻĬĬŷ𾭶ոյľꡣ
ʦʦ
Ϥ˿һͷ׷ܽľˣ
ڿԼʦװ, ۾һ, չȥʦÿ, ۾, ôģ
Ҳ˭ʦȻ
һû, ӵģ
ű׷֮¡һһ, һ̣ͥ, Ҳ̣
ͦÿ𣿡ͥɵ˵

ʵ̫ܡ
ȻѾԤϵӻᵽ, ԲϿʱÿҪը˵֮¡, ʮֿģȻ, ߶Էȵþһ̣һ֪ʦͽ
֮¡
ļٵġ
̫š
ûбŵ㿴Ů۾˸е۾𣿡úˡ
㲻ͲҪ˵˵
褺ǲ
, ΪʲôǽԼûĻ߽ܲ˵ĶΪأҲǲ, ΪʲôͲ֪ʡһԼ⣬ټأ
ҡ
֮¡
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ͬԼʦ˵Ļ, ʦ, 㿴ҵҴ, ̫ˡ
û°
ЦŰοӵı׵˭Ҳûа취̾͹ȥ˰˭ء
˭˵أͻȻ֧°ͣòȷ˵ʦ˵ҪЩӣҵӵʱҾʹӣ
ˣ
ⱨʽĴ󵨵ȥɰɣԺͻиӿˡ
֮¡űӵȭͷðĺ˻˵Ļ
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̲˰
ͥɣҴŮҶΣ
Ρ
ͥɨһۣҲ԰һ£ңҹŮ׵壬ֳڡ
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ԼҵĺôƤҲֲʰģǽҲС
һ죬ǰ֮¡վûٴԼĶӣｫٴǵϣ뵽ӽҪһţͺúһ䣬һ¡
ˡ
ˣڼ칫
Щ߳ܵܱһʱһʱ
ͥҲõԼҶһһҲûʲô𣬵ȻʵҲԼѾͷû취ôģҪǸΪݵ˻᲻˴СЬ
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褳ԺȴǸĿġ
ûиоǾҫ۵ĴڣЦݲõʵһʲôһһߵԺ͡
ײϵĲ褾ѧãʦͽһǼһоѾװǵˡ
С
褶ŷʱ飬Ψ˫۾й¶˷ܵ顣
㿴˭ǲɵۣͷ
š
ûһֶһ˵ĸо˶
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аɡ
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С㣬طӣɢĹâɣԺſڣԼͽ˵ſһĿɿڴˣߣҪڶѡ
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磬Ժһҹ˷ĺԼ˺۲ӡ
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ԺҲòϣ褽һͷĺܺÿĺ۾ǲҿҲ֪˭˵ģ۾ͻᱻȾϺ۲
Ųɡ
ŵòӶڵķŤ
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ٽܣ
竣
ѵѾȺ֪ǲһˡ
Ҫ鷳ǶҪѧˣ༶Ѿ䲻ǵˡ
ˡ
Ҳһˡ
ǽǳĿٿһȺǵǣͻȻ;ǳˣΪˣСƨǣټ
ѧǵǺۣϾѧϰΪߵһһ棬Ϊһˣĵĸ߰ˡ
Ȼ

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š
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ֻǣҡͷ˵
ͥüؿԼҶӣϵ𽥵ؼǿȨ˹ȫѹȸʮ㣬ӵĶӾȻܹһ侲ܺãЩ󰡡

ʲôҪȥѧ˶ý̵Щţκ鶼ܹˡ
ȫ֪뷨ͥǰĶӵļʲôû˵ת׼뿪
϶ǸТ˳ĺӡ
췢ܻᾪŵ׵һ䣬֪ˡ
Ǹһѡ
죬ͥüһ£Щ̿͡
΢ףȴûֹעⰲȫ
һġ
ٽܿԺﲻߵ竣ǵʲôʱȥ
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·ֻĸ˵ѹɤӣʱ̼ŶĽ̻壬ǽжԽǸ˵ʱԽҪǺ侲
һ㡣
ٽܲϣȺʿ͸ǰʵ۱˳ǿ϶ֱӾͶԽ˳֣ҲǴĿʼϵ˹ǵĲûдЩʿıļǿǵûмҹ֣룬ǾΪ˳һͱ
ԼǰȺʿŲѣ쳣
ǲ֪һΣ᲻ı䡣
ֵַ̫࣬صһϣܹһĽ
򣬱ͱû˼͸˵磬Щ뿪Ҳͦõġ
ôֻһ㰡ͷԴӼۣҶ˵˸ε˽⣬죬һŹâʱ򡣡
Ҫ飬۾øһ㡣
˵ǵĵ᲻һóҲܼ֮ǰ˵ó
ˡ
ٽܿˣŸˣˣ˧Ҫ
˵
һҺͬġ
š
˷ܵ˲ǼеĽ϶״̬
ȥûлĸļֲõԤУʵۿ·ǡ
Ҳû̫ģҪ˼ɵֻѾˣ˸İΣ̳ǻʲô
硣
ΪĵĽͻȻڣǻһˡ
˭
˶ʵΪĸ֣ĿһЩĵ
տˡ
⻰һü
ܿЦˣģģյϢϲ˺صˣҽҲȲõģڼûҲǸˡ
ͺá
ֵһ˵ͷɲǼٵģ֣Ҳһܹùġ
ԳϹ˵Ĵһ뾫ӢһΣҴɱ̳еˣ֪Ĵǲǵġ
磬Ҹһȥ
Ҽ˵
Ϲҡͷڼǿ䱸͢սթȫȥҵǻ֡
翼ǵܵ
һĴȻҪһ𳩿غȾƳ⣬Ϊյжȫʤٱ
ʹҲ˷ܣ죬ھҪˡ
ҲЩڴô˵Ŭôˣĵʱ̣ϣ˾յ˫˫Ϣ
ͥɣ
ӵĲǼٵġ
ôġ
ȥҰԺԼҹŮɫף˯ܲȵĶѾͷü̫ҽΣ
ûʲô󰭣
ͥĿؿ̫ҽ
̫ҽ
ˡ
ѵʲôˡ
ʯȥ̫ҽͥɿŹŮӣʵûлɵģֻǶ̫ҽ֮ǰΪôҲβ
̫ҽ
ͺܷ
֪ͨ˻ϣ̫ҽҲóͬϽúþ
ͥһ뿪
ʹӴˡڡװ磬ҴҵظϵӸһȺѾװɵĽЦ˵ʽǳʱѾ׼ˣĻҾͲ˵ˣֻҪԼԼģ
һῴǣ̫ῴǣҲῴǣİǶῴǣһսĻᣬϣķγ崺һ𣬹ᴩľֻ֣ǿ󣡵ΪʱǽԶĴ档
⼦ѪȥٽܵĶ̲ס
棬Ϊǲýжƻ
վ̳ͼֽǰչ
٩٩̸״磬ŵĽǣǳɾ͸ֻǣߴԼϻʱˣۣҪǲС۵ġ
ֹ
ôܣ
Ŭôã

ŸҵҪȥ顣
ʧˣ
һ̣ð׹⣬ȺʿԹԵ־ܣҪǸ˺ҵ񣬲ڵ޼ҿɹ飬ȥͲ
ܵĿٽܣ
ʱ򶼻ܹһ㶼ţɿ˵ġ
̳ܴ󣬿Ϊﱻͷ̫ˣطԵĵطҪ䡣
Ҳʺ̣֦ҶǲĻɫ
طǿտļ̨ҲֱһС¥Ϊݣʱ򶼲ãݴӴһֱڣӦҲ׬׬Ǯ̳Χļϵĵ̻϶ɥԼׯڵĵط
ʵ۵ʥּܵλ
Żʵڲ̳ܿİֵȺñֵЦݣϣ̫ҽʹ׼ûУ
һ¥ĵ̺š
ģڵĲҰζٷˡ
ϣûУȺŻɫľˣǽǽֵİոˣЩʿһ֣ףԶĽϻйٱָɲ̤ġҪǽҲûжôࡣ
̳Ǵ֮أЩ˻Ǽɻġ
ʵۿȺпĻˣͷ
ִ˴̵̲ԴˣҲ׵ģȫ֪Լ׶ӴʱڲԶ϶ţڹټӣȲʱ䵽
֪ЩʿûʲôģȴҲû뵽ȲʮĥûʲôĴ̿͸ոձһŵЦ𣬡
ǴӲݵݶġ

û˷λͦõ⣬
ѲʿϿһرҪӣ棬ͺЦƨ
վڻʵ׼룬סˣС˵ϲˣЦԽ汻þԽң޵Խʹ࣬ǻ棬ʹúܡ
ʵ۵ͷ
ҲҪЩʿʹĻ档
ϹվݶߴӸµؿŵϵǣҸ߰ĿɱؿԴˣ٣Ľļգ
Դˣ
ЩĹٱûб
Ļ£˷ɳһȺŸɫʿ
ֵ˷ܡ
Ѿ׼õĽһԱֱϵĻɫ磬ɫķһĳе£崺ɱ˹ȥ
ɴ䣬¶͸¶һɱϢ
￴⣬еһʵʣͷβ֣ǿ˧
ʵۼͨ졣
ãǽеĻҪá
ӽЩרˡ
ʵ۸оĻȶҪ緢ˣĶ飬ĿǲǿٴһЩ


90 
Ĵĸ¶, Ŀ·úÿʲôã
ȫǻӡ
м˵û͢˾սթ, Ȼ̳, Σ
èĹҲǰ԰ڡ

ţ
ûΪ˵Ǿţ, Ψһոǿ˲վ, ˶ϡ
ϹͥϹӣжİ, Ӣ, 棬ϰ츳, ټϼ, ؾͳΪһ, йĻʱű, վ̳ϣΧˣ¶аȿЦݣǵɥ
ϲ͵, ʱҲûлĻ
˵û, ٷǾĿ޾, ĿɷĶͽ, ɱˡ
õĵһɱ˻Ầ¡
ҪǵǿǴӽ쿪ʼġ
ϣ
˱ȸ߰ĳ񶼴, ˵ˣĿ䣬ûκ䣬ϰ˲֪ٴΣڿˣôԵӡ
˵ôһֺ󣬴ѥӵǰһתɫ°ڻƯĻȣ崺ӳﷺ⣬һȥֱӸ˵˵һֻ䡣
Ŀ
Щϧ
׼ʵǶԷࡣ
ҪһԼɱ

ʹϹͥг߼ϵİ˲䱻Ⱦ˺ɫղŵķʧ١
λϹܹ֮Ŀ࣬ԼѪĶ˶񣬡ҪǧУ
ȱֻģ˿ʮֺ¡
ٱٱűסԴŵɫף˼۾ֵ˿Ķӣ
Ժ
ôܵˣ
ŵ
ⲻǺ
ĵط
ȻͿԼǲĶӺͽһվֱѪ䣬ϸһһֻͽ̧׼ԼĲӣڲһʱֱֱص£ϵĲ˼ܿ
Դ˺𾪡
ǻԼĶ
Ŀ̫ȣͷԼ׵һЦ
ȷˣԼҵСӡ
ʱҪ
ǾǷ񶨵Ĵ𰸣϶˵öԣʿûʲôµģһѪֻ֮ҪԼԵ飬ڳǾͲú¡
һ
ǽһ˵ʱĽҲҪôĨ˶ԷĲӣҪôе˵ؿڡ
ʵۿţ˷ܵ˶ɫͨ죬˼ʮϾһ㣬˵ʼ״
Ȼһ㶼ûдţ
̫ˡ
̫ϲˡ
Լ붼룬һֻ顣
ƶľҲȲϵġ
ͥҶ̶
ϹŭݶϴʱҲ˲ðˣ~Ϣ೤رʹһҪɱǣɱǡ
Ϲڵϣ˫ֱͷͶΨһĻ·
ݶһ˱
һµ˵ġ
׸磬ͣŪԷĸ߹ʱ̡
ĬĬλԼֳʵۼ˫ȶڲͣضͷݶǱƬסߣɱ
Ͷ
Ц
ϹǰëûСӣЦһһ죬ıԶʣϢӿĻɫ޷һɢڼϵͷƮúܺõϣһ˫Ŀӥ׽ʳһض
ֿѪȵĽϢȣҪŲҸɾö࣬˫ʱ룬Ķ·ŵĲǵëһ㣬ϹҲûаľ£޳˫һǰһվţǴͦñֱıչʾõĽʡ
Դ˿ݶϵˡ

ͥɵıӣ
ү
֪ͥ
˭˲֪һĵңҪи⣬ͥĳܵס
ԣ
ڲʱԼȥɣԴ̻ͷĿһգգضĶӣȻԼ竲Ǽ̳ˣҲĸΰҪиһҪġ
Ϊ׵˺ԼҶӴһԴ˻ڵһ۾ͿԼҶӡ
һ඼㱻ͣˡ
˫ֱӾˡ
һѽԼҶӵĲӻ
йٱţ̱ڵˣ 
ǳصĴ﷢
ӵĲӸոնһһ̴ԷĶʱ첲һͽˡ
Դۿˡ
ǰһȥܿ޵þ춯صĶӣʱûпһѪð˿ڣûһ仯·֪ʹһ㣬Щͽɱ

ˣ
Ӳۣ۰
ứð˳
һߣ¥Ƕ̧Ųӿ档
ƬһһʼѺۡ
һ֪úǼҡ
·Ҫۿشݶɵ̳ϣһһʮԣϹģڰԷһҲð˳к֣ôûУ
ʮ½ʣµĽһ֡
һޱ鲻¡
һȺޱǳЩˡ
˵һȺ˴һķװһıһĸɾ䣬Ķ͸¶һɱС
Ǿֻÿֲݡ
ϹΪͷģĳڲϵ³Ԥͷơ
ʱ˿̣ʵҪľıеĻҪǿҡ
֮ǰһֱ벻ΪʲôҪȵڲŴЩ̿ͣڵĴɱѾȥˡ
ʵѵɱ֡
У
ȫˣǵѾʧ룬ԷصҲֻˣһɱȥɽڲûգ
ɱȥ˵ǣǵĴȫˡ
˵ȫ
߱һЦ
Ͽպͬʱ˵Ҫˡ
ʵ۵ɴ۾գҲգؿš
Ȼһ̣еĵֻܿĲӰ
Ϲͫһ
ǿտ˵ľУСôģ
տʲôˣ
ֵһˡ
ڶ߲ʮеֵһˡ
ûеĴڡ
ڶ˾Ȼʹÿտ˵ľС
˵ʲô
ϹĺһЩˡ
Цݺǲãͷ㻹ûţ
в𣿡Ͽշʡ
Ҳ
Щˣ˭õϿյľоȻǧֹ⻹Ǿ
֮ǰʹϿ⡣
Էصͷ㰡ô㣬ûмʶˣϵѧҵľеģܳΪһ֣΢һ츳ģҲǲܣеĿʹҵľлֱˡ
⻰ﱾǲŵġ
ϾǧֹľУ˭ϵȫ˵ϿŮŮԼǲ̫ȻʱоôľУţĳЩ˵ҲǸʱš
ȻΪԷ˵⻰ʱβѾˣΪ˰קشҵһμʱôңǲ˽ľõϡ
⻰˵ɱϿգ˲Աա
ڿˮֻûеôţϿսľ̶ܽپͽ̶٣ûġ
ϹӾ֪Чǳ
۽ǿź۶ڲסõϿգٴλص̳ϣ촽ֵһˣȻǸ󱦲أեеļֵ
̳ϣܿϹѾҲʡ
տʲôˣ


ϵĶ죬ǼסԼҶõĻģ򶷵ʱһҪרģ˵׶Ҳ׶۶Է˵ʲôڵ˻ڷʱ򶼵Ƿƨ
Ϲ
ѵԷǸӡ
û˵𣿡
䣬һ۵Ϲ亹ȵȣᣬֻһᡣ
һһǿտ˵ľС
Ǹϲĵô°
ôճ͢˵ͽܰ
Ǳѣ
ǲҪ
ɲô룬ȴ˵Щûʮ꣬
Ŀν
Ͽյľк˵ֿ֮ԽԽͲˣ㲡Ҫ
ӵʱϹо˳ǵĺ⣬ķ·𶼱סˣգ۾Ŷˣĸо
ʹ
䣡
ЩɱǲҲԼ˲ʣ
еı䡣
Ҫȥץ
̧һţֱӽߵ˵ϣӸµؿ˽̳

˽̳

Ϲ󿴼ǻɵ죬Ժȴλεʥּһ仰Ǵϣַͽ
ܣ
û˵Ը
Ƕ̳ϵˣҲǶĴˡ

ʵۿ۾ðżĹâ
šǮصͷʹ죬Щ˾Ǹɫ·ʲô췴𣿡
ڳΨһʿտ˱ʾϹûнʵۣȨɷԿ϶ϹҲûҪʵ۵˼
ֻǣ뵽ԼڵԼɫ·ԼѡĬ
Ӷ¥ȥĳǳɹģ𺳵ġ
ҵÿһλǰ֮ǰĲж
һٷֲڣʮֻеġ
ȵеĽ˶ϸĵز鿴ȷȫ͸ԺСΪλѸٵؼϣܿͱΪ׵飬̳ϣȴš
ֵϳˣϽǮ¹ڡ
Ͽգֱӻؼҡ
ʵȷǱû⣬ŴԼ̫ԼһȺ̫ҽϴŲõЦ߹ȥ
һַĵϣһַڵϣϥ¹ÿһǶ룬꣡
Ľڼˡ
ããá
ʵ˵֣ǶǺģ̫ҽأɾȥ˵ˡ
̫ҽæµ
ߵݵվš
Դˣ

ǽ
ү
ϸǶһס
ʿʬ壬ҰһŴӣһĿӣ׿Լ˵Ķ˽鲻˵ó֧ǿ
ԣ
ⲢΪĻĶϷ
ٿһ
ڵˣ˲𰡣
õľƿҪˡ
̫ҽǵĶܿ죬ȵƤˣ޻ع
ʵ۴һȺƺƵػع̳̯ӣԴӣȻʰˡ
ʥּûջأѻҪ
ʬҲҪ
ʵӵġ
ÿ˶һƥһ·߹ɱѪټһûи˿һ۾ʹĵ׵ĺ¡
ûȥˮԺ̳뿪ͻҰԺ
ıָñҪ֮ҲҪָԼοβ¡
ΪʲôôȺˡ
ΪĿûһľη֮ģ޷죬
ӶڵǳɱܹóֻҪ΢ŵһ㣬ҲͲ޹İջӵ

ȻѾˣǾͱִŶÿһأŶԻʵҳɼߵøԶ
ü
һƫ涨ĵ·ֻǡ
ϿսպܸˣϢ˺þã໰˵Ͼǧ˵ķһĹģسɾ͸С
վ
߹ȥͿǱдһһĲ㡣

Цݽϡ
ҲʼԼĽֵô
ǡ
Ĳ㡣
š
ˣΪˣôԱ裬ôѾֽʣҲʼ
ƺƵĽĲİգг͢ĹԱ
ʷǿŴǰ߹Ľǡ
ԭ糯ɵĻʧ
ǻЩġ
ĶôҲ˵ǻɥ־ɣ
ֻǣʲôʱôˣ
ԡ
ϵĸıʵԶ׼ģԼʱʱܿóʷǻһ£׷ԺҪҪ㣬ǲǵļ˿ǵĿԽԽԹرֶΪԽԽ죬пƷ˵ļơ
ͥЩġ
ɵۿԼҶӴһͼĹٷ黹Щӵġ
ǿ϶еġ
ͥɵĶӣûҪʲôǵһ
ϵĺӣĳˣǰȴոճССһţΪһӣõĹעģСúܣûʧ
ʧҲеġ
ӴˣԼˡ
һԾڸԼѡһ·
߶ϡ
ิӣͥɻǸһ϶Ŀ⣬Ƶ¶һģһ嵭ɼЦݡ
ԡ
ĸ竵ĳѾܹŵԴˣһµɫס

ôͱɵ̳ȥ˶Դˣ
ԼҺʲôɫ֪ܲ
ɱĴΧסһ˽գǵĶӣͶ˵һֽĶӣٵظ˹ȥ
½ӵ֪ͨûһ
أ
ϹսˣԹ˵̫֪ɱ¾Ĳпˡ
Լҵٽôܵˡ
¼ҺռҲһ
һûסͷ̫̫֪ˣֱӾιȥˣǽһҡ
ȵ˿ϣ±һΪ׵Ҳ֪ʲô۹⣬Ӳǿ˼֣һͬʱŶٶһ˵ĺӣһֱӾ;ʲôӣһҪǴӽ˳ƴˡ
竾Ӧ竵ӡ
ֺУѧʲôʵͦõģƽģҪһֱڽţǶԻϵ˽⣬Σյ鶼ɽȥôУǲĵ


91 
ʵ۴ĽǺƺƵشҪȥʹļ, Щٹ˵Ĺע㲻ͬС۵øһЩ޹ؽҪ顣
硣
ۣЩһÿ濡
⻰һ, ˷׷׶ŽɲǰҲûȻôÿ޶һһĽ뵱ʱ򡣡
û˵ͱ, ôᣬҲ֪ûУ
ٱ硣
ǾǴ˵е尡ʵۺǮ, һµǰ濪·
ÿ
, ѹܽס, һ㶼Ǹ̫ࡣ
û, û, ô˵أо塣ϰմʻѷˣͣһЩ, ˵ôܺÿ, ر·
òһ
Ͳ˰ɣڻ, ϶кƵĵط
, 

һȺ˵˵ֳ˵ϵĸ˸ȥˣİհ˵Ļ⡣
ͥɣӦӦˮԺ
ǾĽ̵״Ԫأ
ôкһˣ
ô붼Щ˰ɣ
ԺԼԺ￴, ĵص˵, ƵؿڣʲôʱˮԺһ״Ԫˣ
ô˵, ǡ
˵û, ״ԪͲˮԺˣ
ǿ϶ǰ
˸־, ҪߵסǶף
ף뻹ЩƵİ
԰
Ժ⻰ͱںıƭˣԺѻİɣϾͥɵĹϵڣǺӵĹעǸࡣ
Ǻǡ
ˣ
뿪ԺҲͲˣȷʵЩģһЦˣ˼
ⲻǸˣˮԺĳȫҲǲڻµġ
Żʵ۽߽žİȫɽԭҷ䵽ĹУΪĻʵﲻ
ȻЩһ·ˣ뻮һݵģֻʣĽķݣ·ϵŷ׷ӣʽµķͬǵһˮϻºڣһûУ˼ҵѥӺǶôɫʯǵأƨûУ
˵ǿžͱҪƯ嵶
ôȣ
Ȳˡ
ԭǻϵҲ˵Щ˴ûбϿôһͺʧ䡣
ԴӼʶ˽ʵ·ǰδеİͦأ硣
źֶеĽ˵˽϶̫ͽ鿪ܽᣬκ˲ȱϯ
߽
ʵǲеĹ˺óһװϣ˹ȥϣǶתģת㣬ȻѾʿӵôҪնݳڴϣеĽ˶ӳ͢ɷػʵ۰䲼ÿһʥּ
Ļû˵ꡣ
ʵһѾͽ϶˹ȥ

õôż
΢ˣ
ʵͷЩУͷҲûֻ̧˵֣ȥɣȥɡ
ĹϿ϶ǽģ̫佱ǵĻһ˵ĸ競Ѿ̥ǣ쳣㣬ʾܻɣĸһiʲô֪
ȵ͵͵ܽۼ
ȻͿ˱ֱվĸ竡
ԼҶʱûվ಻֮ͬ¡һ۾ܿóϽļ⣬Ǵһʱ԰εԵе״̬
ĸ϶ˣޱվڣȻѾΪһ
Ŷã
һԱԼ춥һͷİ׷û¾бҪĶӣţǽĶͽǲǺܱܿúǰĸһ㡣
ҳ̬ô֡
竵ĸϰԼӴӽﳷо̫Σˡ
뽫ͽȥ
֮¡ȻĶǼס֮ǰεĽѵȥһ褣һⶼûУϾǰԼҵĶӾĸӽϾ΢һӦþܳɹ
ʲô
Լ׵ĻֱӾͽ
֮¡üСʲôӣҸ˵ٽڣһ˶ɵرһ٣㲻ñ𣿡
ð
ֱӰãˣ˹ˣʲôģ̫ˡ
ͬ竣ڱô࣬ѵӦ÷ʡһ𣿡
Ҳử
褺Ժؿڡ
ԼҶûûƤԽԽ֮¡һˣӦͥɵģ⺢ԽԽöԸˣɴֱⲻڸ褣ҽ㣬㲻ȥҲȥ
ҾͲȥ
Ц֮¡ʲôأ
룬˹İɫ룬˵ʲôɨˣԺéʦ˸Ľģ˵ȥʦ᲻ӦǼҵéҲĳǸӣ
Ҹ˵£˵éޣ
֮¡üͷѾܼˣıӳ褣浱Ҷһ취û𣿡
ȻĻû˵꣬褾ˣ׵һһ챩ˡ
վס
֮¡ںУҾʹȣ
ǿֵһ졣
￴űӵ֮¡Լͽܵĸ״ԺޱͬС㣬Ŷ˻һӣ˵ͷǳǲввȥΣɰĶӺòãͦþҪԿЩܷѧǲҪȥ鿼ƾ٣һο٣ҺӻǰǲҪȥٰ
ںصͷ
ʵ̫ˡ
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˵ˣүҪȥ𣿡
Ϸһ˹ȥ˵ûвͿ˽ķ⣬Ҳ룬ǽԵʲôˣЩɱ˲գۣ㾹ȻҪСȥҪ𣿡

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žŬˣÿɫ
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һͬټɫķѾŹſĴǶסˣܿ;
ʵ۶ԽĿ۾˶ܿó
ΪƹܽˣûУǿ϶˵ȥġ
ͥɽõĴǷ׷ǰϲ˵ŸֹĻ
Ϊ֮ǰӵĻͥɾС

Ȼ˵ǵ׵еģ԰ԼƷߣֻЩǰһųѾȥǵ岮ΣΪһϾͻĹλţǰĴǶߡ

ϻ˵ĶǰֱļϵĽԣ˼ҵĶôôɫ
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ͥɺǵ͵ؾ˵ôһ֡
Ȼ׵˼һԹԵվм䣬žͺ
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ͬûУֻǣ̶ȣ˶ǶƷԱǿδţǺĽ
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ʷǣ
̫߳˰ɡ
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ʵֱӴϣ޲ʲô֮ʣ岻ãУ飬ȻҲǿʹǹٻؼԺеԸɣٲã޻ԴӸԺѡ˲š
ִ˵֣ҪôɣҪô
ʷǣ
Ѿ֪ˣõô
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ܾ˰
˵Ǵǹٻؼңʵϣ뿪͢ô죿
ˣҪڽ;ѶȾǲһġ
ģҲǾ֮ˣʱһǵİȫͬʱҲûִ޵ûеĻ˻ᵱǣǾͲϳˣ𣿡
΢ף
á
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ôϵĿЩʷôпްܱһ
ǲҪ̬֪ôĺûᣬֻ͢Խ˵ߣȵɹˣٲǵһݹͣ滹иش񽻸ǡ󣬻ʵۿʼ档
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һһڳ𣿡˵ʵ¶⣬֪޵ʷôдǵ𣿡

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ʵ˵żĵĻţ̵úܺãټ֮ǰԽϵʱ˿̣Ѿ˾裬ʷһӣǾһ죬ֻҪĸɣʷоٲǵ֣
лϡ
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ͷ­Ѫ
ЩĿĽʲôµġ
ǻڴЩ˵ĵ
š
ǿ϶쳤ӵţպÿԳȫȡķǡ
ǲʧĶԲԣǺһϣٲʢϣհҵĶԲԣ˵ʵ۵úᡣ
ǿ϶İ
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áʵ۸̾һ䣬Ǿһģκⶼӭж⣬ܹǿĵĴ
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ΨʯسԼϴԵͷܾǣڸжڱ͹ˡ
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ѾСȥԺɣҲȥˡģǳ䣬ǲ˵ԺҪһζǳף㣬ߡ
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û˵Ļȥʦǰգᰤġ
ǴѾ˵ص˲һӾУܸȥˮԺҲȥţһа취ġ
̫ˡ
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İ˵˲Լ취Ǯ⣬гʵְԵǣֹܱۻ̬Ҫԭ
˻϶á
š
ϵǵҲʲô
ֽϣһѾʼ˵İԣЩû뵽ģҹ󣬻øӵľʷ׳ʡ
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Χİգ¶΢Ц˵ûô˫۾עţоʵ̫ˣͦͦţҰ
ܱͺܰİǣ
үһ̵ҽܣǵĿǻˣʷѽЩǿҷԻϽ󹬵Ⱥ
ѹӲ̫á
Ҫʲô
Ļ˵ǶסˣΪ©һ䣬Ƚ۽Ӳϻ붼úܡ
ǣһš
شҶ˵飬ʷĿʮƽںһ˺ܶˣڵĲҾ磬˼ձ磬ʵǺܡ
˵΢Цʹȡ


93 
ûд, ʷǾ˵ҡ
ǵѾ֣⣬ȵȿ˵ʱвǵ, Ҳ͵˲ÿ˶ܹϵ, Щ޷ֹҲֻܵһ, ֮ǰЩΪɵǾǿԱ, Ҹո˵鵱ȥԭǿԺúûŵģǻˣ
˵ʱ, ʷۿͨ죬˭ﲻһϧ𣿡
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ⲻǣ
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ʷһ, óʹҼ˵ҽΪʲôҪվΪӶڵ鷢, Ƕڷʡ, ôž¼ķ룬ǶЩ˲𣿻˵Ƕʿݣҹ룬ǡ
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ΪҪ˰Ҫۣսʱ׳껹Ҫǣܲƽ⡣
ĴõĻ޻˵ʷǳأأڴɱϣҲǲ֪غôң룬ʱҲˮȵս֮УǱūֻ˵һҺãʧˡ
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Щ˻ǵʷ˵ĺս顣
Ȼһֱڱ߾ǵĴûаȹ⵱ļˣֵĴˣһ·£ᱻǵİɣ
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պһ㡣
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ۣ
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˵ЩڸˣЦеһԷСҪ˿ˮȣֺɫ˵ҰһαĽײȵҺò״ԷѾӰˡ
һΣڷԷΪǼζã˶ֹ࣬Ӹ߽һûλˣֱӾһӴԱߵķ
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ⲻ
һĨᣬʷվֱˣѾʶˣôȥˣ̳ǳķΪսթҲգƶҲãϵʥּʥּڴĹϲͽĴڣҪôֻҪڴģý˰һǮ٣ۣȵȶһġ
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Ӽһ飬ĴشɷΥ߰ɴã

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ǰԼﲻʲô񣬴ҰԺûҮòУһѧϰһ߰̾
ؼҳ극ҰԺͿһֻήҲĶá
ҪȥĴˣȥ𣿡
￴۾һƹȥ𣿡
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磬СŶ￴ŶԷ΢Цˣ֪㳤úÿЦÿȥ𣿡
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УעȻܸߡ
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ֱӵͷôУһ۾ͿԼҵĶӣ˵һȺʳ඼ĺУԼҵɫĴڣţǺҲģۣмһϽֳ𣿡
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źҲ˵űһĲĴˣϿмѾڷźõ£ʼɣȿã֮ÿ˶Ѷżеʱ䣬ˢѡڽ飬㰲š
ͷŽ˵ϸؿʦѶȵ󣬾ֵˡ
˵꣬Ǳվ֮ǰѧϰӣÿ˾ﶼԶ˵Ļı飬Щ˻óֽʣ׼ؼļ
һ˵ľǶųޣЩˣɱ˴磬Ĵʧء
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ﶼǶ̵ѶһΣѶ˵ʱҪԶ侲۷˵ʲôӰ졣
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˵˵ʲô٣ҪɱҪУϤ㣬ҪһüͷҾͲն

澵ӣڵüͷжж̿֡
ûС
ֱӰεպӳ˶۾üë

٣ƻ
㻹Ǽնɣȥˣ￪˵˵ɣ꿪ʼɱˣɱ˭
Ҳ˵
ͰڳһҲ˵ģ
֪𣿡
ͷβûб仯ͳ᳹ʼգҴͬɱ¾Ҳϲ̣ɸոĻ㲢ûзҲ˵ɱ˵ģ͹ˣɷɱ˳

Ѷɱնף
ô˵أ
Щɵˣô죡̫ˡ
ʶ٣Ҳ֪󰸲ӵġ
٣ɱĶǸɱ֮ˡܴ󣬱֮ǰӼ
ټǣɱϣкգ񼫣гѡ
񾭲
ոննˣֳѣ
ʲôʱ򹴽ˣ裬裬ŲЩͬء
٣٣
˵ſڴƻƣ˵˵ûУûС
󡣡

۾ɵģУѶ
ǵٵ
鳼ɣ


94 
ӶҪѳۿĶ, ｻ˫ȵλãϵƿȸոոӵķɣڵҲƽѯϳʲôһ, ɱϣı췴, 壬˾ͽɣ, ², ϣǵڳ, ʬ

̫ݶˡ
Ҫȱն, ų, һʬ嶼Ź, ҪճɻңٰѹǻҶ
ǻҵĵطǾԲʲôˮأ
ҪضŹ, 尡, ˾ͽĿܻлڡ
ˡ
һʼͲӦò͢
Ĭٴӡ
ЩˣؿŶոջˣʱڰźɫ׵˫, ЩòסԷĻ˵ģֻ˵, ġ
㵽Ҫô
š˴Ĵָ
شҸոյ, ˵ϸЩ
ղŵ⡣
һ, , 꿪ʼɱ, ɱ˭
꣬һɱˣڶǵǸСʱȫŮȴͼĺ๼
ʲô

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һ⣬Щ꣬ȴֲòӣһػش

һ˵˵ãڸʱﻹĵ˲ˮ
š
Ѿ˵˱ɱĵڶʮ߸ˡ
Ǽǲġ
ţŶԷɳʱģмб©ģɱЩǲ֣ص㣬ԭ򶼼ǲˣʱ򶫷ʮ꣡
ǿտ˶Щȣ콭ɱ˺ͱɱǼҳ㷹Ҳ̫ˡ
ûסһԼĳɳ
á
ûô࣬ǵһÿһµĶǴ֮ͽ
˺ôһ
̲סȻ֮⣬ûɷ֮£һֵһˣ̫ˣţԼ϶ŷĴȱС
˵֮󴳵顣
ǣ
ǰѾˣ˭뵽漸춼ɱˣͣһ£һһսڵǡ
ĻսԼҲɱ˶ˡ
ȵ˵̫꣬ɽˡ
ȥЩɱĽˣбɱ޹֮һһ飬ȷϵȫ¼ҽ̹ôдġҲû뵽ô࣬ЩЩһţͶٰɣɱħǧͦȤġ
ｻϵĶǶǾʵġ
Ŵһˣۿż˱һԴǶجΡ
ܺ岢Ӳʵﵱ˹ȥڴûȥҲ˵ͲˣŶˣĵϹ۾Ϊ˺ڿ֧ţĸӣСֱ꣬Ӿͱŵô쳣κúҲưͣҲǺܺá
ȥ·󲻾þͽһȫᵽũׯׯտţǲˣǣµľ޴Ӱ²һʱɢġ
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ˣ˲ȥƽʲôʱɱħ
ٴıԿóĺŮʲôŮ޹ġ
𣿡
￴һ۶ߵĽ˵ȥũׯҵܽңǣɱܻѾҵҪǼҵ˹ָϣ
ǣ
ٵ뿪
ٱò˵ﳤʮƯٺҴһͣ˫һʢĴĵ޶ĿֻǱĶׯԴŹԣһɫȹԸУΪСڵĽŮʮֳǰһС벿ֱ¶⣬߽ĳ֡
ʲôǷſңģǸҵţ
ϵͬʱҲڲͣطźݻ
һޱ飬ڶٱȶҪ裬ǺǶǵĿ飬̹ǣ˴ŮģϧʱߣǾԲΪԷǹġ
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ң
ٴغһ̣ϥǾͱһţֱӹ˵ϣʹȴûͣҪɱǣɱǡ
ݺݵĿ⣬ɱ硣
̫
ƽ˵һȭѵ
䣬һȭ˶ٵĶϡ
~
ʹ϶ʹģٸоλһ㣬ŬҪ建ʹƫƫĽóѡ
٣٣
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ܿͰӲ̸֮ûУǾķ̲ģԺ˺ӣһҪɶԶŮĽ̵
ǣ
кӵĻãޱȵͬ
ûӵ룬ԺҵĹҪǸҺΪţ͸ȭ
أ
ͱסڲиŬط٣Ҫʲô
֪ܿˡ
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Цոմû̫ʹǾͼ
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ٻˣȻûзڵĻᡣ
~Ҫ˵ϵĻûڣְһȭƺϴθʹϲ˵ϣˣϡ
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ˣش𣬴˾ͻᰤġ
̿ˮصͷλС˳˳ˮ첻µزµĹڱʹԺᵽ˺£־ζ
ڽϣиӲСĲȵĽţЬӲˣô죿ѡһֱ̧ȻȥĽŲãѡ񡣡
⣬ʶҪ˵һĲ۵ĺӣҳײ̣һ߹ȥôˣ
Ҫ˾ˣҲֻܹԼ̫ˡ
ڿҪڵʱʶԣѡ˶
Ц˼ش󡣡
̸Ŀ:ѡһ
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ٵɴ۾˵˫۾Ͷͦģˣң
˼ȲѡһҲѡϷ

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ڣ˶˵ϷŶԷ֪˶ٴεĶȷ˺ˡ
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£Ѿ˵ˣˣǿǲɱܻ
ܽ۾ѾϹˣһ²ԼĶֱһ£ߴٵ϶㿴ǲǣ

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һ˵һ߿ͷ
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ʱ룬ΪʲôĲĴӰҺʵТ˳˵ǼĶôˣȻţ˻߻ûôʹࡣ
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￪˵Ǳ𼤶ȻѾѾȷܲˣ֪췢顣
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ԭͨȴҲҸһˣͻȻͳ˭ܺܰ
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ллү
ظл׼ͷӺڿĿˡ
ͷֹˡ
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Ϊʲô˵ûŮ
Ů˻Ҳ˲
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һɣͿԼŮ޴ûٹûйãʹشΣôҲûãӰΣٲû˫˫űһҲʩչ
ס֣ˣס֣
سһ飬⻹ûֻͣôؿŮʮָһزȶϣΪˣβ֪еʹ
ˣŹɣѾ֪ˡ
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׼һ
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죬һͰˮȥ̾˹
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ǣ
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ͽˣˡ
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á
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ΣҪȥҾʹȣ˵ֱ꣬ͥվһ뿪
ү
̾͸ϣ·ߵʱ򣬻𱸵Ѿͷöˡ
ֱӸһתͷ̫̫ҪԼĸվһߵĻ˵Ҳûпܵġ
Ȼ
̫̫Ҳ˾ѹͲڵĻᣬѾͷˣⲻ뷨ɸ˿治С
ֱܾˡ

֪Щ̫ˣְҵֹòã
ȥҲһֺܱеĺð
ЩôͲأ
ţţǰǸᣬְλǺֵĺòð
ðɡ
Ҫ׵̫ˡ
˭뵽Ͷ̥̫ҲܳΪ谭̫ߣȥôССԸʵֲˣѹ
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ؼҵ״磬ոսԼԺӾͿԼҶĿ⣬غһ£
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Щ
磬ôҵİ룬˭ҸʺϽְλʶÿһҼã˭˭һ˿˿ĲؼҪͻҲҲ𣿡һֺô˹ȥ

ȫĮ
ֲûϹõĿΡ
һжûá
ȵͣһƣ˵ô࣬Ҫȥٽ𣿡
磬̫ʧˣٹ˽Ϊǽ룬Ϊ˴Ϊ˻밡ܲеֹ۰һ㶼ɰǶƷԱƲ˵ĵ


95 
ͣ
űǼ, һĮؿڣȻ㶼˵ˣҪǻȫ㶼˵ȥˡΪ֤Ĵ壬ȫһƬҾ֮, ҾٽԺפػʹ, , û¾ͲҪˡ
ոһӾͺȥ, 磬û˼˰ɣѵ㲻ӦÿһҿɰõһŮ𣿱˻ήġ
Įûдֹۣ
ȫҲûܿ
Ҵˣ磬׸磬ˡ￪ʼ
졣
Ȼ
У
ǿھܾ, , ֪ǲܵ, 붼롣
硣
~~
Ӵ۾գգ͵ضţ汥ڴ

Ϊ˴ﵽĿģǻȥ
ͨҪ, ʹӦˣֻǡ
, ˣҪϢ, 룡ɢǧ֮Ϣ

ܾƤˡ
ҪǿԼҴŨŨĺȦ, Ʋ, , ˵, ôžήҲ뿪
ôˡ
Щ⣬ˣ˯ɣ
ڶõĺУ˯˵


ţ

ڶ緹ʱ˱㱻̾ΧõĶѾͷһҪӣԷҲһһʵı鶼Ҫ絽˵ˣ»
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ɽŵسԷ·ӣϹһ㣬⣬ǶѾͷãݶ̾ҲŲʣǸ͸ˡ
һҲĬĬسԷ
һٳԵøĳơ
ҳԺˡͥɷꡣ
̣壬ҳԺˡһ̣׵Ĳ
ȥɣȥɡ
̫̫ɨһ۶ѾͷЦöȥԼ¡
߳ԺЩġ
źԸܼҿö׼ȥ
ҰԺĹڳúͶȥ֮䣬ϵѡǰߣҰԺֵǽжܼȥϰɡ
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ܼң
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ԹԵ
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˦һӵȥ
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ϿȤң
ҲȤϿ±úãѾкܶӵ׺ݣ·Էҵͷ͸ȭ
ϿҡͷڼҲû¸ɰСؤؤǳȥǮ㲻úܺ𣿡

аɡ
δϿյմĶˣųȥŷҲǲԣҪҵġ
š
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ҽкߡؤűˣ̾˵Ҫ߹
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ͷԴһ£Ҿͽжɡ

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Щܲˡ
㶮ʲôнӵߣߡѾͷ˵úÿңóԵġ
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Ҫǰɣڷܺѧˣһһ˵ҪǺ飬ӵȻ֧֡
һδˤѾϵĻң˯治ף̫ҲᣬţѧᣬԼСĻӦֻһЩܵĻ֡
Ѿڿȫûţ档
Ѿ˶ûп
ӣսеľ߰ɡ
ǰ
µ彩סˣסˡ
˭ɵģ
ҧ϶ģͽ
Ѿ˵̣ŽҪ˻ȥƤ
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ΪʲôҷɳȥأϿպɻܴͲҪɣǣ̳ȫȴֻһУңṦûн̹ô˵أѧᣬǸûѧֱ׳غ˵ⲻѧ̫Σգкܶİ취Ṧף
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ûṦҲɣΰɡ
ȻԷһ䣬Ϊɵ̫߶ˤ𣿡
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͸ˣɣǷɵԽߣˤԽ飡
ͺ
Ӹסתôһ䡣
Ͽգ
ˡ
ǳȥ棬ƽϣӰ顣
źӣϣǽͷ¶һԴͿվͥɣǸҵţ̫ˣ
ˡ
ûΣǣ򸮵ֲɵٲûˣһε̾ܲµˣĿĵؾ͸ԣʱ򻹲ֱȥ˰
ԣֻĵسȥĵػ֪
ô죿ϿСѯʡ
һ̣ĺ¶һڵİߡ
˵ſӶ򸮵ˣһԺǽ¥ݣȻûˣȥϿվǽʱٽӰ
ûйϿ治һ׵飬֪ɾ
˽ӲغãŻԺãȻʹҡڵصؤ
ɵĿð
ΪϿյĹϵټʱ磬ȥתһȦǮ˻ǰǮֵܲǶͦ˼ġ
һʷǵݽ
˵ò棬ٴ죬Ⱦǿ
ֺǺǵһӣһ߳һӸ̤̤ȥ
ǿ̫УҲ̫֣ڰĹ׷Ҹϣ֣һ̣ˡ
ϵЦݶסˣΪǸоҽϴһţԺһܲõԤС
ôùɡ
˵ͷ
Ż
ȵƽˡ
˭ҵĹû˩ð
̫ˡ
һѾͺϿգȵͺãΪʲôҪѣҲȵ
˴ʱ˿̵ı뷨һģһġ
ڿƽһ˲ס˺Ͽüѯʣô죿
Ѷ٣ǵЬ涼ݽȥһЩҪҽˡ
Ȼ
ܡ
ûϿգٶȽԼĽŴЬ˳ȻЬӲҪˣһ˲ܵԶ
ȵҰ
̫թˡ
ôֹϿҲϿĽӡ
ǣȵԶ󣬲ͣʼ洦εĹԼˣߣôŹЩ
˵˺ôһԺûǲΪ˵ٶ࣬ҲܶԹʵʵ˺Ҫ֪ҵ
ô˵ŵʱԺѾðһ뷨յЦϡ
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ȻһֻЬؤ͸ؤˡ
ڿҪʱﻷһܣһŸɿݵµ£ϿնڿٽûȤֱӱĿ˯ȴǺĵصţֻҪнͻῴǲԼ
ҪллϿյģΪԭ򣬱ӾǴﵽһ߶ȡ
򲻸ˣټһֱܲڿʱ򣬵ȵԼ񣬺һĻϤ竣û˵ʱ˾ͻָǰı飬һ·˵˵ЦЦ߽
ۣ
˧
رԶʱҮǼ˧ԸУأƨɡ
ﲻͣſˮ
ٽܺ͸оڿڽһЩʱ򣬲Ҳˡ
˳߿ȥ
Ͷ˫Ϥ۾
ڿ磬˵ģٽ治ʲôʧɫģڣ̲סǵĳ鴤ôҲƲס

ôġ
ǵһǧ𲻣
ĿеĿ
ܸоԼǱåһ
һߣһԼ۾˶һֱӽֱȻ˵ÿһϣҪϲʲô
Ǿ۾
˫۾̫ˣҲ̫䣬һǸй£оˣƫƫĸоûһƬ峺ɫУ۵伫ìܡ
ìܵһֿûС
ٴʱ˿̣˶εġ
ˮ©ȥ
~
ġ
Ӷؿһ۾Ʋͷڵ۾Զ·ŵϵĳζˮɵӰɣôؤ
ؤ˸оеϤ°˵

аɡ
æһ磬˭˼ӿ˲緹Ҫ
ɵһϿĬĬƶλãԶЩ
һߣͥɺؼҳ緹˹ܼҺͼˣѾͷʵ
õǺʵܰԺӾûٳ
ܾò̫Ծ
ѾͷʵͲ䡣
ȥһҰԺѾ˵С˯ţʱҲȷʵ˯ĵط˻Ǿۼŷģ߽䣬ŴϱŵĶѾͷһǶˡ
뿪ҰԺ
ǹɲԾ͸Ũˡ
ҰڻֻĸѾͷһȥѧǸոҲˣԴŵӦò˼ٰġ
ԣ
Ϊʲôһأ
Ѿͷãкܶļٷ
УǽǸ䣬ϸһ룬ֻ˵ĺԣǻǱŪˡ
˶һۣͥɫ࣬תء
Ѿͷһ˲Ůֱ֮Ʊӣ֪ԼСҪùˡ
ӷ
ӣ
̵˿֪׵ʹһһӳڵĵطֱ˯ʱű۾ʼ˯
ͥɺ
γǣ
ŵϽָʹҪϵʱڽſôһԺôͳһ뵽ŶָʹһãٽԵҪҪġ
һ뵽ĳ;ú
ͬľǣЩָôЦǸء
ȥţ
Ρ
ŷͶˣǾһҪݺݵ
ðŻĸڵظϹȥܼҺʧְ
һ·ܾúϤ΢һ룬۾һСӴ󶨱⸱ģ
˭
˵

ͺܺ棬ʲôҸ÷ȶˡ
˶С˯ؤһȺˣˣ
ˡ
ô죿
ܣ
ȥ
ܵڻܵ
ԡ
ڵģ׵״Ҳһϵó
ͶǵĻ۽أ
ȻûףϾҰԺĲֻҪƱӱ¶Ŀܾͺܵ͡
ֻõȫȴڸУĹֵ̫ͣҲȫﲻ
ⶼܷ֣˵׵״ӺܴʱΪʲôǾͲܱһء
ͥɺſտĴſڣûˣ
ü
߽ȥѯʡ
Ҳû˿á
ѵ˵û
˵òµʱᱩ¶ǰˣ
ǺܴΪʲôͲط
ٽܿŷֳȥ˵ͬ顣
ȥң챻ҵҷҪɣͥҧгݵ˵
һȺ˴Ͽǰ߹һףףʮס
һʱͥɺͬʱͷĿ˫ȫŭ𣬾ôǱƤƵðѩ׵Ĵӡ
鷢ˡ
סˣ
ӶԷðλܿóϳˡ
ܣ
һ˫ܳ˷ֵٶȡ
Ͽա
˲ˡ
Ͽء
ʲô
ڣ˻ܿõֻҪشžС
ȷʵûͥɺҲû⵽
ܵĺܿ죬ܲĻܵùھ
Ȼٿ죬Ҳɡ
ͥɶᡣ
ôû뵽ԼҵĶѾͷãȻΪ˿ٽܣװؤһܸɵó
ˣ
ṦٶҲġ
գۼ䣬˾վǰס·ܰܣ˵Żʱֱͥӽ˦˵ϣž
ٺ٣׵ҽ͡
ˡ
ϵС״ʱǺɫġ
ҲҾһ٣
Ҳ롣
ֱӾͰε
ɵˣͣҡ˫֣ˣ侲磬侲ҿð
ܼҺҵɵˡ
үүѣҲȷʵǶ˭ϵóǶﰡ
˵үүݣҪǼҵĹ飬Ҳ󰡣

Цúǻ죬ȻҾ˵ôôϤ
Ľ
һֱָ֪ʹ˼һãɺЩûۼһȻ鴫
磬ܾǿҪȥٴңôˣҲҪӵġһˣһֺõ˵
˵á
һ˵ӣ˾͸ˡ
ֱӳȥ
ͥһȥ

ﷴӦܿ죬ȴɱȣʵ޿㶼ѿˣ۵ǺۣлѾװ˹޻
Լúһ룬׸ĵ
磬侲
Ƕһ
һ̡
ٵطŻصʣһѾͽץסͷЬֻһֱĶãó汾µװؤӶЩˣһžͲֻûЬӵĽϡ
ʹС
׼У
ǰɷĴ磬æס죬ۿᡣ
׼ޣ
飡
ȥ
ǵģһ㷢ӵĿռ䶼
ߵͥߣӸңȥٳ飡
ͷ
мؿ硣
ûпùӣֱס˫֣ã㲻ôھܻȥ


96 
ܻȥ
׸קűӵ, ȷǽȥ
æ߶ţ磬׸, ҵĽŻõģ
ֻֻӵĽ, ͷ, ˣһֻЬҲˣ㣡
ôݣ
ˣ
κıòᣬȥ汻ɡ
, ֹԵ̧, Խ𼦶, ˫ţЬ, , ڴؿ, ܻȥ, ܲܲҪˣ
õһģһ
ô, Ρ
һ, ĵǰ˺ü
ʲôһû۾ôؤûпûͨؤĵط𣿡ųֵĽʮغǳ⣬ȻôУ, , ȥܶʮȦ
ǣ

ˡ
ʮȦ, ܿ, ֵˡ
һתȥȦ
̹, , 棡
õĮ
һؤҲȥ
⻰ǶŹܼ˵, 䣬ֱӾǣŵﲻòٶȣȻǰٶԽԽ죬ﲢǲܸϣֻһӺһתѽʹúܣڳͷԼֵһɣ᲻
ǾôôߣĽŵװ϶ᱻĥ˵ġ
˺Լɲ

Ҫŵģʹ綼ǶƷԱˣΪʲôͲôһССԸء
Ҫô죿
磬㣬Ҹˡ


磬ģҵĽźۣ϶ƤѪˡ
սӣվٶȣûͷ¿ÿ޵ÿ֪װģпܻ
ںͥɣԼҹŮˣĻ˼ôȥӵĿ
ˡ
ٶһ̾¶õЦݣȻһֱ̣Ӿıϣ˫ֱסԷĲӣ˫ҲεؼסЦ磬ϵ˰ɣһȥɡ
ŵʱ򶼻ĹŮŵһ֪ʲôıˣԺֻһ仰Ҳðɡ
(ӣƿ챻˰ɣ
ȷʵѾûڲ
Ѿ˱ݶҪҧˣ
££ҾͲ£
ﻶ˵Ż廹ϵıҡΡ

磡
һһ죬γǿҵĶԱȡ
ᱻġ
ģǹȻصң׵ԺŴ
ʱ˵
ûİ취ܲһٴţҪֵӭӽĿ籩꣬ͷȻֱ
ֱˣĴˣ
磬Ų߰ݣ

Ե̧ͷִһ£
£
ıϡ
ߣվņֱ̃ͷգôһĻΪʲôҪһã
Ҫ˦һ취ûУεֱӾͱϵˣֻ߷ȻͷأȵȣֻǲһֶñϵˣѵĴһ飬˺һˣƶ˺ŸôĵƤ

ԡ
ⲻĴ
תͥɣɫľȻʵĹŮ㵽ôģ
Թʣͥɣ
ô֪
ﻶдһŹֵ𣬡һӶǵĹŮãҪôȥţҪô
ž
۾һ㣬ƹıϡ
ްˣǺ۵ɴ۾ıӣھ˾Լŵ˫֣ǣıӣ
ʱ򣬹ܼҴӺ¶˳һӣ

˰
ֻһŮӶѡ
ôıӶԸ
ղŵĻ˵һ飡ͥűӣʵ
ҲҪ˵㲻ȥŵģҾһֱڡ˵
ϲǴ˵ĵط
ߣ˵ŰˣȫƤˣҲҪҪʶһʲô顣
ȵȡ
æͼԸţ磬ǲһߵİӦһ𷴿İԵ
ͥɣ
˵
ֻǳ
ǰæ
ˣˣԸһСѾͷУ˰ѽɱ
ȻҲûãؿԼ˫űס˶ӣʧˣˣкܶࡣ
Ӿôߡ
ǴϰģԭĿԴֱͥӿѣ̫СˣԼúܣϣᱣԼġ
⸸˺һͥҲԼҹŮĿС

ѧˣ
Ȼ󣬷ֲܣǰߡ
·ΧۣҪ˭һûһĵ˰Ѿȥĸǵ
ʼϵ
磬㣬ۡ
׵һǲĹŮˡ
۰ҿҪˣ

һģ޶ԣټҪԴһֱŵƣۣɴ۾Ϣ
һȺ˻ûеңҵѾˡ
Ϊʵ̫ˣԣ۵˴Ŷķǳ٣Ǿ̾
ûʧʱʱؾ͸ɳ㾪֮٣
ǧСװؤδŰ
û뵽ӻ֪ʲôϲ!
˼Ƿֲɵӣ
Ҳǣ
ԣص㲻ٽܣǹĻô죿
~ÿ

Ȼֳ˻ʵϡ
õʵŮ˳ĵٽܹעҲһ㶼١
ٽܣ
û뵽һ죬黹䵽ͷϡ
˷ܵؿĴһֲƲ嵥Ļʵۣð⣬ǮǮţνô룬ǲˣĳ˵ϲҲûġ
ĵң±ʾϰˡ
ڣҵŮ쿴װ磬̫̫һûιȥͣţӷ𣬰ӷ𡣡
̫ˣ
ʮ˵
ڶԼ浾ˣ鶼ľģѾͷȻѰ˰ǲµô׾˵ģɻû뵽Ȼô档

ɣ
βǲˡ
ҵǶ뷨
ﵹڵϣӭ˵Ŀ⣬С¶õЦݡ
ֱ̫̫Ӿͱ۾үɣЩⲻסˡ
㻹ЦͥɲöѾͷܽĻȥǸ˵ĻҪ˵ģ㵽ҪҪǵԼǸֶ֪ôд𣿡

Цݣº͵˵ʵڵѾˣʹ粻ԸȥŵģһҪȥȻìܾͳˣô˵ɣǲܷģͿˣ
һ仰û˵Ѿ˸۵׼
š
ɣ
Ϊһжֵá
ˣ
˵
ͥɺǱͬ
ܺá
һӾͽסˣܿ죬ͥһˣ׼ҷ
۾̫̫۾ԼҶӣģѾͷ֣ҼҷɲǿЦģҪġ
̣׼
˶ɵҪƽ񲻿ˡ
ȰãǾʹɡ
ˣͥɿʵ
š
Ϊ㰤˴ҳͻȥŵ𣿱ˡͥһᡣ
Ȼͱ̧ŵһܿܳĵſţ
ƨƨҪˡ
򣡡
ͥɿ˵
˵İֱӾʹƨϣ޿ܺ񣬵Ҳۡ
ڿš
ĸѾͷҲڿš
֮ǰӸովͽʱһûзֻǵĴ۾ֱֱؿͥɡ

ȿڣһûУΪ˼İˣôˣ
ǲֹģ˵̫ˣӦóȫġ
ͥɻͷһԼŮ֪Ҫ˵ʲô죡ҪǽҲӡ
ǻˡ
۵ġ
Ƕİ飬ԼͿˡ
ţͥɵߺĶϣ˶óǸŮĽô˵أ
ͺܡ
һһµĴȥ
û˸˵
ƫƫӵһɣ
ǣ
ƨɶˣôܻоۣ˵ѾͷͷôŴ亹Ҳ˵ʹ
Ҳ
ͥʡ
ӻڼ
Ҿã϶Ҵжᣬ֢µġɣ˵ȫû֮ǰ
ͥɣ
ĴŮ
ü̧֣ǵģµûǣһٴûǺò˵ģҲû취ţºٳȥٰץŴ򣬷Ҳȥŵġ
ˣ

ΪʲôҪ˺أ
ͣˣػһľ˫ȣԴʵ
ȻöԸġ
˵һ谮ҳĺӣ׹Ůˣ׵ûС
ҪġͥɿΪһٽܣΪʲôҪڡ
㲻
Ҳ붮

Ĳȥˡ
۾һתѽûȫķ𣿡
ͥɿԼҹŮңҾͲˡ
׵

ô찡
ͺܳˣ
ˣ˰ɣҶ
Ҳ뷨
Ȼڶ죬־ﾹȻһγ˽ſڣؤǹſڿϣ¶һԴĽȻҲٽܡ
竺ͬȽϤһЩ
Ӵ㻹ܳţյҲ
Ҫ֪ڸţǽÿһξ붼վڣΪ˷ֹǽ
С˼Цʮֿģ˧ġ
ˣ

￴ѯԼٽܣı齩ϣЩ׵˺ΣȻͿԽԽ۾ɴգգһ£Ļɲ࣬ɵӲŻһǿסɧѵģͬʱҲŵ˵Ϣ
ٽһıַ֪ˡ
ֻǵĻŮ϶עһ۵ģֻǣкܶĲͬǿء
ΪʲôһƤأ
Ϊʲô
ʵ
ؤſţƱòᣬͻذΧܳʲô
̫ˡ
ԭֻԶԶһģ콵ľϲСܲסԸеܽĵطһһϵģˮˮķ۷۵ģף촽ԺƲסȥĻ棬ȻѪζ
ٽܣ
ô
ȻѪˡ
գ

ʱûж룬ٽǵ֪ģΪ˭ǣɨһۣһӾͶ˱飬˭Ӧڼ˵ĶΪʲôҪ
˺
￴ȥбѪʵ޶Ŀ
˵ʵĴӣĺȥһơ
Ȼòסĸߣҧгݵ˵ôģ
Ҳ㣡
㵽Ҫʲô
ŵġ
ᣬ˵һ顣
ٽܡ

Լãò̾˵ȥ˵
ҰԺڣȵҩ߽ķ䣬ôϲٽܣ
š
صͷ
õȥһ᣿
ţ磬ʲô
°
磬ôзǷ֮룬㲻ЦһĵҪǵһ˵𣬡
˵ࡣ
ֱص㣬ԣͻȻı⣬ȥȪׯһжΪٽܣ
š
ͷúܸɴࡣ
أ
ⲻ֮ǰ֪ǻر鷳磬ҿԱ֤ȥȪׯӣ˽˵Σһæġ˵
⻰ŵġ
磬ҿЩұ˸Լڸʲô
û˵
֪֮ͦģ֪Լ
˵ƹӾֻҪھҸеģҪʲôֻһҾܸоҸ˵ʵȤпûƹӣҹƾԺ˯Է˯ǲǰ飬ֻ֪Ϊôһ˶˲ɫġ
Ҳ׵Ҳôһ˼Ȼ⻰˵
ɵӣ
Ŷ磬ĺҸӦ׵Ĺģң˵ҵ𣿡
ҭסˡ
챻ʹɫûĵġ
һ̣ɱ⣬ܵˣҶӱȥġ
뵽ϴѾˣȷʵǵͱ˳ġ
С
̾һúˣȥ˵
лл硣
һ˿ٽܲǿľ𣿡˵վһĶͷЭˣҲֲ˶ã飬αڣ㰤Ҳܡ
ٺ٣
Цһļթ
Ȱ㶮ʿɶֹһɶ
Ҷ
úˡ
վ
磬õֳ
ߡ
⻰Ųأ϶Ϊͬˣ˵ûġ
ͥû뵽Űʱ䣬ԼҴӾЭˡ
ֳȥˣողҩġ
ͥɣ
ôȥġ
úܴвΪãУͬΣסģܲܰɣҲȥڴһٶԲԣ


97 
֪ͥ, ˵öԡ
϶ǲٴˣٴʹˡ
ֻǡ
㲻𣿡ͥʣ㹤ĵط, ѾͷȥŵģӰɲС
ܲöɣ
Ц˵һҶܻȥ, ʲô
˵öо仰˵û, ô˵Ҫ, Ȼȫ˶ԼĿ, Ŭġ
ˣ
š
ͥɳĬһ£˵߶ѾͷֻǲԶ, æԼԼ취
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Ժú𣿡
š
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ʱԣʹĬѾǷǳˣȻ˼˰ǵʹı
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￪˵Ҵ, ôٹ˽顣
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, ǵļΪʲôҪǣһ˽ôҲԼ˵ġ
ƽñֵ̫ˣ⻰Ȼһ˿˿ĸжԴЦݸºһЩúˣУٽܣ㵽ôģ
š
üô˵ɣ磬׿Ա𣬡
ΪʱŮԺûʲôҵģżһ䣬ƹӶ;㡣

֪˵ʲôˡ
϶Ҫ;˳ԣҪƹӿҸѽ
аɡ
ɡ
뿪Ժȥ˵ģ뵽ĸͥɣûкһ㣿
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ԸԼҲûն࣬ǽ֮ǰĻȥ˵ġ
ϣҲһġ
Ĳģ
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ֺҲ̲סЩˡ
֪˵
ˣȻѾҵҲӦÿˣ˵˵ϲʲôĹĸͶæ⡣ͥ˵

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ȷʵҲÿˣҲûʲôúߵģȵƯ
ͥɲؿԼҶӡ
ÿĺӡ
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εüǿ
ͥɣ
ô˵
ǽָʹǶƷԱһΣԣ˵һ
ȻͱͥɴϣûһҪ˵Ļ
ԼĶŮǰĳӾռݵһλģԼڵ˶ҪüҪ취㻹ȥμĻԣ
ЦֲǶϷ˵ϲ飬ģһעⰲȫġ
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ͥɲûǿ˵
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𰸺ԣǾⲻס
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Ҫ㣬˵úȻиȱ㣬Ҳųûеŵ㣬ϣ޽ĹܹǣȻĻܹ룬úɩâǵĳһúϱʫ𣿡
ܣ
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˵ûӰķ˾ûмҪ
ͥվԼҵĶӣȻ̾ûܻȢϱġ
ûϵգ۾
Ҫܹ
ð
þͲ˵ˣԲµȻһЩֻҪȥǲµģø˵ˣֻҪܶ޶ԣϾûйԡ

ϸʵر㣡Ҳͦദİ
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ͥɾûпһۣҲûк˵һ֣ʱ˿Ҳһֱӵ͸
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Ҳһߵͷ˵࿴Ŀ϶Ǵ
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ͥһ˵ؿڣµóĺȣΪ˲Ӻ˼ҵĹ࿴ʱҪ˵ģܻһӶ޲ȥСӡ
֪ԼҵﻹԣҲһֱãʱ¶һҪϹǳ
ðɣϣôЭˣöõóˣҲЩ
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쵽ˣöæĲţرæһֱ֪Ǯû뵽ôǮߵĲƲĵǼỹûɣǱı⣬һ۾ⷢǮǮˣǻдѴѵǮ
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ϲõĻԱĻŻš
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˸ովȥվ˳ǮǲǿԼӹһºӵ̣һ·ǽȵȣˮʲôĿǴ顣
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ԱϵĹ
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š
ƸոջûȵǮȫóãҪ١
Ա߿ţüõдʲôôɫҰһʱҪιȥģ
ʵ۶ֶЩͼֽһɨֱͼֽ󣬺гĸϸƻ۾ɫҲú󣬺ǳأӵڳ˶Ϥ˷ܣԼҸģ
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İļƻִУûһǮʱ׬١
ĹԱΪʲôͲѧһѧأ
ԡ
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˺ʼԲ͸ӵͬˣûǷǳʴȻİŮȥˣǺεȵػţܹ룬дʥּʱǻŶôʹ飬˵ϻˮʵ̫ˡ
Ѿ޵ôʪ˺ü־
ЩŮĽţȻǷӣܱ˽ΰذţ̫Ҹ˰ɡ
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硱еԽԽȣֻϧеһ㷴ӦûС
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Զָһ̨ƣһٷֻȡĶǾǶģһһףͻǹܣ޿ޣǿҸǴʲôϲ
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ҪҲҲԡ
ͥɿڣⶫ㲻ֻ͸˭ԣǲ͸ٽܣƼҲУͬҾͲͬ⣬ҲͲҪˡ
Цݽϡ
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ԣԡ
һƽ˵ܱȵƹӣôôõĶǲ䣡

￴ͨģüˣǰʹͲöԸһΣǷ·ֽµļܡ
Կ϶
ҪǸҽߣսܻ꣬пܻã
ֶκ֮ǰһģһ
˵ʲôԺ۾òǺȥͬ
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УҴӦǻ𣿡ҧʮԼһʣĸѾһһٸͽһʣǿŴ𣿡
ͥɺһصͷ
Ѿͷã⸱ģǿſ̹ıҲɢȥ˲١
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ѵ⣬ĴȻҪ, ȴǵȵ󣬸ȡĻҪ
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аɡ
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ĴˮԺķȥͥΨһ, Ҫõͬǰѯʡ
ͥҡͷ , ʵ۲Ը˵éޡ, ҲһģȻĽéȷʵǷǳãѾܲéޣڻʹĵطܸϻؼǾԲġ
ǶԱȣȻݣùﶼ
ؿ˿ͬţĶԷļת뿪ţô˵أ
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޵ѹ󰡣Ϊǻʹ޴ĳЩطȫĽ˵һĿ࣬뵽ҪȥôһǮЩӣ޾û˯á
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һʺŮʱǸŮĺҲǵӣԻӰ쵽ӵĵλ
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ٽƨɺת˾ò˼飬ҲΪǸ
Ϊһһǧ𣬴ֵ֣ø׵ĹӸǣҵġ
Щ˺ÿһΪǷӡ
ֻ˶ûӣֻ˵ãǣһС㣬ƽգ¥ˣܵ˺ܴǣһջˮ꾫ٲ˵ġ

Ů֮Ĳ
˽ܲˣ˾񲣬ҲΪǸǸӣٽǸԼǮ͵ҲֵΪҪ쿴ƹֵ˵Բ˶񣬾ǶҲһ䲻ʹ޳ܡ
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ɫù󣬲ܹоƹӶԼΪûзУȻĻҲ֪ݺ֮ҲĽ̸󲿷ֶƹͷ
ͥ۾ͷûŮ
Ǻǡ
￪˵ɱңұƼˣҾȥԣŲţ
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ͥüǸ˼ٿһĹŮʵĿ
ԼҹŮȷʵӦвĶ
ڵֶοܲܰ
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ôţصͷһϲŮģҵ׵Ӵ˵ôֻ࣬ҪţʲôﶼģѹͲЩ޹ؽҪ˶ҵĿǣ㲻ͬҵ׵Ҳܲ㻹˵ĸܡ
⻰Ҳš
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ҪҰͳ𣿡¶ĵı顣
Ҫ
ص̾һˣ˵ˡ
ˣ֪˼ͥɿһ£øʱ䣬롣
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˵⻰ʱֱӾ˹ȥסļ򣬡Ƕҵĺﶼ۷ʲô飬㣬磬˶վһһ죬ҵֻߴҪ˵飬ҲһҪңúõػţŮڣҲܴǵȥ
ţˡ
ͥɿǱüΣҲԽԽϰߣһġ
ԣԡ
ŵͷȻ׵ƬذôҲǲøá
ڶ糯
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Ūġ
Ҳ˵ˡ
һȺĿⲻƵؿͥɺѹǸޡ
ԡ
Ƿ
ôô
ҸΪ˸Щȫ϶Ѱɣ
־òܡ
Ϊڳ谮һӣҲôŵġ
ˣΪôǳϲϲò޴ʵ۱󳼣ǳ죬ſʼһһ
͹۾ˡ
󳼵Ҳƽ
칫ĵطĽг͢ǮԼҵĸĽԼҳǮǵԤ֮ڡ
еĸ˼ҶǮڵײϰڵйǮ

ǾԲġ
ͷڲԼĶ棬ڻʵлⷽ˶ڻʵ۵У̳۷Ӳ˵ʮ֮ڣزƷӯҪһ͢⻹˰գ๤ǮȻ󣬵Ǯˡ
⻹ҪеĽ󹤳ԼδеĸĽ׬Ǯ󲿷ֶ⣬Ӯģֱһá
ôھʣһ⡣
ԼҾȻôеķӣֶ˻ϣ
š
̫ΰˡ
ԺҪͲ˵Ƿˡ
˿ͥɸӣ˲ţôġ
ʵͥҲЩ𾪡
Ѿͷ˵̻ǽ̡
ҺˮԺѸĽģ֮ǰĶѾͷ׬̫࣬᲻µļױˡ
㵣ûǮˣ
˵꣬Ц֣ҵ¡
ͥһƴ˹ȥ㣬ܲܲҪƤЦġ
ðɡ
ڳı飬ɡ
ͥɵһνҰԺ鷿ﻹȵģ֮ǰѾͷʶ֣ȻҲ鷿ͦϡģȻ󣬾Ϳ˺üٽܵĻ񣬺֮ǰĬĬѹŮӣٽܵٵʱҲҹƯĻ˲ͺܶˡ
鵹ǲ٣ذڷţҲ
ͥɵͷͿԼҹŮ񣬡ȫ˱㿴
һ򿪷Ȼ󣬵ɴ۾
ӯôߣ
ԡ
˿ҲԼҹŮģ
ļױ


99 
Сʱ, ͥɷе˱ֱѾʮƿ, Ѿȥûбı, ĿͣûʲôĹŮ, Ĭòһ仰һʵ, ǮǲǱһࣿ
ҡͷҲ֪
׸жǮô֪
ʵֲһ䣬֮ǰ˵Ǯ˵, ĲǴ󻰣Ҳ, Ҫǵµ̫, ÿǾͻ˱Ǯ
ͥɣ
˵ʲô
ܸ߱׬ǮɶԼҹŮ
ٿŶԷϴźǱ˵ϸ޲
š
ĳ̶˵, Ǻܵ͵
ǮǮٲҪ, ￪ڣڵĴ𣿡
š
ͥɵͷ
ʥ, ͢ȻĶ, ɾ󲿷ֶǺõ, հҵ, ûսҲûֺ, оͦõġ
˼һпգԺҳȥתת𣿡
ͥɿ, òŵͷ
׵ͥĺæ, عԱܵ, Ǩ±ᣬƽҲҪ飬˵ܾԼҶѾͷνĳȥתתҲʮҪ飬̨Ӱӵ㰾˼ϣڼһʱ䣬߰ɡ
һ죬ǴĸѾͷһġ
ͥʲôû˵žӰĽֵ߹Уһ·ϡ
ͣ
ֱ³طˡ
ͥɵǰͨͨĽֵݺطҲûʲô𣬡סĶΪµԼǵļ
֣
ߣҸ˵
ͥɵͷ
ÿֶҩ̣Ϊסѿ
ţ˵ҫͬʱǺƽ
ͥɿŴ߹ˣ׵ط˲ͬЩ˵ϴƽͰ֡
û߶þͣ
ϣһ˽ӣǵĺӿѶ飬Խȥ
ͥɵͷ
ͨһ߽ȥ滷غãֻǸ˽ӣĺӱеĻҪ࣬Լˣ
š
ͷ
ҲͬѧϰĵطΪ׼ģʶд̸֣ǸֵļܣֻҪŬǾһţܹʲôͿԼŬĳ̶ȡ
ͥɿЩǮġ
š
Ц˵ҪҪȥһط
ȥ
ȥũׯѾǶˣҲûжǿŵģƬĴײˣܲȵȣĴӲͬع滮˵ģ·ƽɾԶԶؾӶҲ˽ӣ
ѽҵˣȻҲһġ
ȥ·ϣͥһֱû˵
ŶѾͷԵ޹ʵشЩ
ȿ쵽ҵʱ򣬲ʵʲô˼
ҾҪ㣬ԱøãЦݲõؿڡ
ס
֪
ҵúú롣
˶оˣ׷·æµʵۺææŴ͢£æץǮм仹ҪʱȥЩ˷ӵˣǩνıЭ飬ûлϵͬЩƷԲ˵ӣֻǸ嵱˲֪Ķй¶ˣǾѹ
ӵʵҲŹǡ
Ǹ
ҵġ
һģǻ϶дٹںֵ֧ģĶ˵ƽôԣʱ̬Ⱦһµģӡ
ԱǺææǵıְ⣬Ҫϻ͹Ľéޣڼ仹ҪʱμӸᡣ
Ҳæ
йϢǽ϶أһ켸ʮĵĹǮ˭Ķ
һ꣬Ϣˡ
ڵģ
ǮҪ
˵ÿ춼ʷ˻ߵعĶŴҶÿæҹæǮ˼æ׬ǮһӲǺùûϢǿǮʸϢ𣿡
˵ˣ
ûС
ôõ׬Ǯˣ´β֪ȵʲôʱˡ
Եġ
׬Ǯ׬ǮɿİĶ֡
νԱ£Ҳϲ˵ģӸɽɵģűϵĽȻǻʵױдģҹз˻Ķ崺ǰúܣĽǿ֣̲סֱͦ
ЩͬĽ
󷽰
ûжľԲ̨ͤ¥ˮ鿻ǸûУ˸칫ĵطʳúͲ⣬ֻռ˺ܴ䳡µѶԼβص㡣
ΪŵģҲİ칫ͤ
˵ǻʵרΪģڽſߵĲݵϣķȫͬͤӿ£涼˲ǽ褵Ʒ
ԼԺİ칫ص㣬ʮġ
źЩġ
ϵͳпŹܰɣ
ｫעϵͳϡ
ûС
ܡ￪˵ûҲɵģôӵĹܶûС
ףҲмҿ۰ֲɣ
˵
Ц˵ҿ׬زˣŵξͽˣһʮʱܷɡ
ԡ
ֶһ⣬ԣӦò֪غʾ£ţȵȣżԶŵġ
ְҵصģڼûװ֮ǰһŻɫ޿㣬ŻɫñӵӣÿԼҴһţߵİ칫ңһȴһȥĽ˭ҲƤӵ»ȥ
춼ˡ
ֱ°ŴһؼҵϹˣôҲҪԼһɡ
Ȼ󣬾ôӵ̧ͷͳǰ
գ۾
ǿ̸̸𣿡
ָԼıӣԷͷĵط֣һȣΣҪ̸̸ǲԼŶ
ԡ
ҡͷ
̫࣬ʧ̬ԣҪǣĺѡ
ԼҴſһӣ˷ܵظԼˡ
㲻Ұ𣿡
£
һ·ٽܾ˵ôһ仰ʵ̫Ҹˣ˵˵ûʲôӰ졣
ʵãʼĽѵȷʵͦ˼ģȵЩȫɹ˷ϺȤӿͷ֮ǰϷسɹͲˡ
ֿʼʧߣͷͣسԺ
ٽܲûзԼĲԾʵǰϻʵۺ󲻾Ϳʼ뷨
ԭΪʵر˼顣
ϾҪʵ۵ʵ̫ˣȨһ仰ͿԾ˵ʸһŬôòŵϵĻʵۣԭҲˣԵ֪βҪ˵ʱʵһġ
õһۣһֻۣˡ
ججعš
ȻָԼ˸Ŀ꣬һƼĵϾǰѾŪȫңⱲӶôãһֱڡ
תֿһˡ
һĻһƮţû˼
ԣãԸ𰸡
˲û߶Զںߵͤ£ٽܽĿ˵һ顣
Ȼš
һ
˵𣿡

һãղ˵
Ƕȫû
Ȼû˵ʲô
̫ˣ
Уȥˡ
ǵǿرֻ˵ͤĺѲԣǷǣûа취עȥ˵ʲôġ
һ̣ؿһٽܵšৡһת壬ŶԷƹӣ⣬ҲǶΪֻ˵ĻҲȥ
ٽܣ
аɡ
˵һ顣

ʵõϵ˵֡
Ƕĥ
ðɡ
￪ʼ˼ƹӣǾʲôû˼ǾʲôûѶȣ
𣿡ʵ۵ٽЦʵҵϷͦģͨغҾͲڶˡ
һξ͹ˣΪʲôҪΡ
˵úܡ
룬ſ˵ƹӣҵĻҵнİ취úõػţĵػţ˼ػš
ٽüѾˣ
š
ͷһؼңЩ㡣
á
ٽǴڴģôнˣЩš
üƹӣӦúܴɣ
ɡ
ǣһǲò˵֪ʶ˵ʵ̫ˣⲻԿ䣬ʵ񣬶ԲŶΪȥҲô˵ģ߰ɣҸĶļʶ֪Ƕôķǳͱ档

жûá
ٽܻվ
һ·ϲû٣˻ûе򸮣˾˰ԣٽܺһȥˣ
һʹٽܱˡ
žͱٽȥˡ
˵ǽһȣʱһ䣬ʵۺÿ
æµĻʵһֱ硣
ԴնʱĶһ𾪣ǲŶ
ҵŴҡ߽ŵˣ֪Ϊξ뵽˻Ŷ֣ػ˻ԴףѵҲСӰˣֲ̫ˡ
ʲôȥ
õŵͥ˵ѾͷֱӴٽȥҰԺﻹס첽ܹڰ·ס

Ц׵ģзִġ
ȷ
ͷ
ͥﻹЩģҸһȥ
š
ֲǸʲô˵飬ﲢûзԣ׵ٽܽԺӣƹӣһ¡
ҪԣȥԷѵرǡ
Ѿ˶ϲˮдͥɺٽܡ
Ը˷䣬ϵͳ죬ѧСѧ鶼ңÿһϰᣬҲϡ
ǾôϷûѶ
Ǿɡ
ѧģȥɣһѧȤ
ϵͳܿͽתֵһøһؼβŽȫȥԼ׵˵ƹӣЩȥúоȫˣﻹиµģʱð
ͥɣ
ŮóٽС˵
ʲô
ٽܿѯʡ
㿴˾֪ˡ
ҲҪͥɾԼҹŮٽܵģǺö˳ҲҪһݣҪһģһġ
סˣǿģǺÿɰԥصͷá
׵Ҫģôܲ㡣
ǣһҸӺٽϲѧϰһѣһ򵥡
뵽Ļʵ̫ģţҪ˶˶Ŀ֣ĺΪ񣬼ȷһߡ
ϵͳ
ȻٽǸǡ
һһʱһǸᣬ˶Ŀǲ٣һĿһĻǲǷˡ
ѡľ
쵱ӶϿհæţȻ۾ǸҲĶ
ǲʲô߿Ƽ棬ټĿļ䣬ʱ͸㶨ǣ°࣬ٽڵĸ竱ټѧĸѾͷԼȫԴһԡ
䳡ػã
ÿ˶Ϥһ£ȵʱ˵
أ
Ͽպǲ˵
ȷҪμӣѯʣصͷ˭أֵһˡ
ҵС
￪˵Ҷס˰ɣ
˶ͷʵϻûдǲж档
һΣסˣ
һεͷ
ôӣֱӳǩ
ѾϿպһӣһӡ
ʽʼ
һʼ˶ƵѾǹңעڶԷϣȻ
ȵȣ
ոյֵ򱻶Ѿˡ
׼Ͷ򱻱Ѿñˡ
ȵ򶪷ֵĴʼʼҲͿʼ׿ʼĹ˼ɣԽԽҡ
Ա߼Ʒ֣ԼźˮͶĶذԺȵѧ˳ɹԺٻ
гϢʱ򣬿һȺ˺䤱ģЦݲõʵôɣ
Уǵһ¶Բߡ
ȷĳһΧһ𣬿ʼСֹ
ٽⶫҲΪоģǱ֮ǰѧҪ˼Щѧ̫ˡ
ͷ
ŬѧϰѧѾͷˣЩС㣬ǲر𱿰
СҲˡ
ôҲô˵еܴ
ﱿˣΪˡ￴ŶѾοѧˣ
Ӽ˳ûˡ
˵
ҳһ⣬ֱһ⣬µѧǻûӴǿ¶֪ѧʲôϵֺֻ͵Ⱥţǿöȴ𲻳

ٽܣ
Ҳѧ
ѾǴ𰸡
Ѿֱ˵𰸡
νļ򵥲ſѣʼܼ򵥵ģ͡￴˵ԴûתƹӣҲǣԽԽѵģŲʧġ
һһȺᵽ
һҪһ
ȻѾˡ
˶ͣϣ竲˵ϿҲ˵ĸѾͷԼС㣬Ƕףٽȣģ
Ҫٽܿ˵
ǻ˵̾͵ͷ׼ݹȥ
ã𣿡

ͷԼ׸硣
˰ɡ
磬ȸƹӣһؼҾ͸һµĺòã֮ǰսĴ磬ǰ˵ҲˣԲԣ
˵öԡ
ͷңƹһµĺòã


100 
ĻƵ, Ȼ󣬳˰ʣһ˫˫ɴ۾
˫ֱ۾ɵԲضĴ, ȿɿأȥˣ磬ⲻ谡
յҲһܾģ, Ҫ֪ε, ӼͻӰ, ǻ͵ʱ˼Ѿʫ, ǸʲôǵһĴ, , ҲǽָʹֻС, ôںԼϴһô˵أ
ͺܲ˼顣
ٽɨһȻѵõĴˡ
ŽԼ, ˵, ϶ÿӣˣе˼

ƾʲô
ţٽţΨһԿԼľ飬ֻҪһ, ¶һЦ, ˵ٶҲȥ
ŶΪ, 졣
紵ɴ۾˻

̧̧ţĥĥҽţͷеٶŶ˫һдֵĽţֻһҪô죿
һ̣еһӣҲˣɣ˭˭ģȻؼˡ
˵һ̵ˡ
ĸѾͷ
ȻǼСķ
ٽܿѾڿжϣǰŷս⣬ѵõк꾫ˣǺǣǶԼ͵ģͲˣüԭˣǣȻԷ뷨ôˡ
ʯ֮䣬ͬʱԾֻץס˭Ҳ˭
ʼĵӰڷλΧһ
ۣ
յ˵ɴ۾ǵϴôôܴƽ֡
ҲЩȣٽܱеҪ
ٽܿŶݣǸӣһӣ鴫
һǴݣʧ˵Уֱ֮ʱΨһһôõŬ㹦һǰҲʧܣΪǸʱͨ˲һȻһб
˵ص˾Ƕ˸ġ
ôһʹţɡ
ԽԽס
ʼǹ󣬵濪ʼУǵϿʼˡ
ɣ
˴˱˴ˡ
ٽܵЩ죬ЩսܽģȻҲã۾һת֪϶̵ġ
һܴãֱ
ϴ󣬿㣬ǶˣˣȻؼŶʼþʣ̫˶ͷŵ˾;Щģοһֱ̧ͷӺġ
յ˻֪ٽܴк
ѾǺϿջûһ䣬ֱˡ
ڶ죬ϵˣ۽ǺǶ࣬ʵعĵӴ磬ôˣ·û·ˤ˻ײǽˣôôСİ
ָʹбۿֻã첻˵
ܿ졣
ˣ磬Ҵˡ
ЦĿзϣ㿴ٽܵЦ˱Ҹء
еĿֱӱϣˣ
ѽ
΢Цѧش֡
˶ĬĬعƣúã
ž
һӡ
Сʲôͥɱ𣬡ҪΪһ˳緢𣿡

뷢𣬻
ɿ׵ɫٿһܲͬˣֻӲˣĸҺʹŭġ
صһλεġš˦˹ȥ
֣򡣡
ô˵ûӮ
š
ͷ
һӾ극Ϳĵؽµ˹ȥϰ࿴ҪʱӮ𣿡
ٽҡͷƽ֡
Ǹأ
Ҫµġ
ãһ㡣صͷȵĿ˧ıӰ뿪ﲻ֪ĵ˭ҲûӮԣûҪɵģҲܿɰԼҴ磬ռթ
ˡ
ԼĴ㣬ҲӦûӹǵģǣëŪ˳
浾ĵؽ̣ǺԴʱҲ
㣬
ãܲõģôûʲô˼浾ֲϹӣԷڷˮô˵ġ
ѽ㣬
ܵǰգˮĴ۾ֻɰС
ðɡ
ĹͷĵݸȻһԹۡ

ô˵أ
Ѿ׵ʹȫ㹻Ӧһħ֣ɿëмǫãڵģǽһȰڲŽӴǣǷǳʣһð˳һְҲǲ԰һСΧڵë
ȵ˴ｫ˵һ顣
죡浾˵
Ǵ͡
ãμ𣿡
ҡͷ
Ȼ浾æﱻסǲҲԣ
Ȼ˱ˡ
ҡͷʱ̫Уиļƻ𣿡
˵˵
ǰãǸӡ
ͣǸҲġ
Ҳԣ
ڵĽһѾǳɹˣ˭õǳһҵֱʡ
ٽʲôҲҪҵ
磬Т˳
Σֻܵͷ¡
ѾͷˣֻҪĲ٣ʣµӣˣϰҹɡ
ëΪŮϲĶȻֻʮ˶Ƴֶһҵ̣ʼרëģ˵ģĶУϰҲйǿ۵ġ
ܿ͵ʮһݼ٣һϢֿʼδɵĸḶ̌Ҳζųݼٽ
죬򸮺֡
緹Լ٤ִһëټϳԺȣһ·һգ۾͹ȥˡ
һ죬ȫ̶
磬Ҳ˼ۼˣҹҪʼˣסˣһģҪ߰ɣȥԺá
ֱͥվ
˼Բˡ
ͷԺеĶʲôǸӶٽõĬ϶ѾͷӺɵЭ顣
ҰԺóĶ

ȫʶ
ĬĬؿ͡
￴һģһı飬ˣ꣬ͲˣԶ
ǿð
Ժڷźãֽôʹãһ߽̻һ֡
ȫûнӴĶ˵ĶЩӲ
ˡ
˴һ̾ͻᣬȥʵǰɣ磬Ҫ׼
ţ
˺صͷ
ͥȽ۾չȥһ̣٣ЩŵˣҪԹǿ󣬿ܻڵϣԴƿССٽͷƻȥѾͷӵ𣿡
š
ǲ϶ҿЩļ

û
ȻҲȥңûС
ҿ
Ȼ
׵ûҪÿļƣ죬һ̨ãæ
аɣ
ȵʹ綼ڿǣʱû磬ҳȥˡ
ȥɣȥɡ
ֱӻ֣εǷǳɴࡣ
ǽȥģرǽӣֻͨһٽܣˡ
ڳҹƼˡ
üͷú̫̫ܽһĺ棬Ǹ˵ҺҶؼҳԷѾͷ𣿡
յͷ
ٽܣѾˣ
ôһҥˡ
վס
˿ڣȥ
ѾͷҲǹҪģûмҽֵ̰ˣǼ޲ȥôģ
ôӡ
ǹ޳ܵġ
ˡ׼ȰأԼҶӽŲûͣһ¡

ã
ͷԼҷˣۿѾˣɫǳѿȻǱòᡣ
ʲôʲôӣƷˣûҵĻ𣿡
˵ġ
ֻǲѡ
үڿȰ˵ͷ˵ֵ꣬ġ
˵˵˵ʲôƷֱӽϣһ֪㣬㿴ܣ˵һػ𣿡
ӡ
ܡ
ܸܵһֺ̤ܲʵĸоӵܵܳһ۵ʱУô˵أ·Էһգ۾ͻʧһҲΪĵģŶԶǧ˳ȻʱһþͳϰߣҲĲˡ
⣬ﲢûж˵˶Էͷ˵˾֣Ȼ̧ͷһۣתˡ
źܳٽܣ
Դϴͤﵥ̸ͽµദʽ
š
ҲЩ֡
ٽܽŻԼԺӣŻȥ³ҹ
ȻƷһƼ˾ûһ˵ٽܵģ̣ûס˵ٽܣǷԶ㣬ȹ꣬͸ѰһŵԵĻ£֤ȢϱƯͻݶ¡
֪ΪҺá
ٽܴüǣûг׵Ĵ㣬ԺеĻôѡ
鰮ʲô

ҲΪԺС
Ϊʲôô˵Ϊܹ಻ϵشʸУȥĵ磬ȤĻһ㶼⣬ҲȣΪ˵˼άԡ

ܺõġ
ǣΪΪãͿ԰Ļ
ܶ˶شǡ
ﲻǣҲǡ
ܲµһһһһ
Ŀˣ
˼Ұ׵ɫʧû˿Ĳ𣬺Ȥ
ˡ
ü
ƼҵֵҲڽеҪʱ
Ǹұ죡
Ʒ˲١
ʱٽ̧ͷƼˣ˵һ˵ʵѡĻϣҴûгѡĻ³Ըǹ¶ҲԸƼˡ
˵ʵһⶼûС
Ƽ᲻ˡ
ٽܣ
̫̫⻰ˡ
˵ʵ֪ǶҺãٽ룬ɴֱ̯ˣǰļ䣬
˵˺ܴһ
ƼһãȻؿֻԷһһϣȴȫûκ
ٽܣ
Ҳû
ѵưˣ
ȿȡ
ɿûⰡֽ˵Ǹղŵӣ·ǰǲ˵ڵһ㡣
ͺ𾪣
үǸʲô˼
˵
ʱ򲻹Ǹʲô֣ҲƼ˹ϵ󰡡
ٽܣû°ɣչĵѯʡ
ٽҡͷû¡
ˣԴǲ˵˰úóԷ
š
˵Ҳ˵ô죿
ϣﲻʧ
߾ֵö࣬˵ľǸոտǺ氡
԰·ǰ

Ķ˺üʫ
ﵹǺٲ죬ֻڱʵʱش䣬ôٳԵģͷԲ£ֱһʫ̧ͷҿɰã˭ǽµĵǷİ
ѵ𣿡ȵطʡ
ҲͬĿ⿴
Ȼǡ
һԲġ
⻰һ£һԣܣôԲġ
ǣҪԲģǲȵȥ𣿡
ñ˵˵

аɣû˵
Ѿ˵˰˵
ͷ
Ǳҵİ
˵վѽҪը˵𡭡
һӵʱ䣬Ѿˣڼʳ⣬ʵͷû˵꣬ǵĳǲһ㡣
ʱ򣬴Ѿ˽С˵˼䣬ڸǹ֪ʶϴű̬Цʧϣģ
Ѿصͷ
磬£ȥһ¡˵꣬˳ȥ
ſڣ¹´żɫĴ񿴼̾ӭȥ
С㣬ѾһʱûҵӺʹţֺܲõԤУͬһ˶˵һμʱܼңҲûмˣܼҵĸĽѾˣǽʰߵġ
ȥʹҲ֪ҵݣͽȥĹֱ˵˶Ѿ뿪ˡ
֣ţңĸܼң
ӺʹţʶҲµũׯҲˣ˵¹֪ԼӣԼܽǾԲġ
ҹҪ
ʱûлؼңɲǺ顣
̼ҡ
¹¿˵
ţͶӵļԼ峤ɫôǵ𣬡ˣҪˣиô͹áţ˵
ȻΡ
ԴӶ˽˴Ժǵ˷츲صı仯ǰ󲻵ĺӡ
Ѿܸмˡ
ѲҪΪ˶ţͶ˺͹̶
ⲻ⡣һ¹£㰲úǣϤһ˺ú룬ûʲô©ģȥʱ֪ͨ
¹µͷԥһ£Ҫٵȵȣȹ˵
峤ͼصͷ
¹£ǵ˵ĻֻҪҵˣһţֻҪû£Ͳ£˵Ǽ񣬡ܽΣһһģѾһȥ
ǡѾһƽЦ˵
Ｘܻõģ磬㣡
Ѿͷ
̫̫׼˵ͱԼס֣ŶԷҡͷŷ֣ѾͷɫѿǷʲô
ͥɿŹŮҪҰæ𣿡
ӣţʹӣкܲõԤУŬһЦݣһЩò㣬͹ˣ̣Ǻúõع꣬һСѡ


101 
ȥɡֱͥӵͷ, Сĵ㡣
š
뿪ҹնٶܵЩӰ죬̫̫һĵ, ϴС飬ҿѾͷղŽʱıܲá
, ûµġ
ͥɰοԼĸףҪңһмӵġ
ô˵û˻̲סᵣġ
, Ҫǽȥǡͥɿ˵
ȥ, һ˺۾һ, ԰ѴԶһʱ뻭һǿͼ
, Ҳ̫̰, һ˰ռһʱأͷһԵ׵ܵ
ǣ㣬ʲôأ
һһ, ٶˡ

һ, շ·ֻˡ
һͬţǰ򵥿ٵؽ˵һ飬, ץʱ, Ȼ𡣡
ż, վû˵Ǿ䡰ڿѾˡĻ, ô
ȥź, ټ֣붼û˵ҽһʵʥּܼһϣսپû»˵иô˵ͣһ£Ը⿴ص³һųɱ⣬Ǿһʣɱ˳
š
ͷ
ͷԼҴ磬磬лл㣡
лл֧֡
ǱϾǹɼңͷʢҲֻڴʿϣʵҪ˵ڳѾվȽŸΪʱ磬˵ƽϴ飬úìܣǾ䡰ӷͬ˵úм
һ˲˵ĻЦ˵˵ϵĿӦúⱾǽӦ飬ҲһζǵĻᡣ
źŷʱٽܻڿУźţ죬Ĭһ£ǻݿٵػ·ͳš
ڻй£
Ŷӵװ磬ѯʵ
š
Сĵ㡣
š
Ӽļ̶Ի٣ͼÿأһźţƲ죬һ߱Թ·ŵٶȴҲô˵أ
ѵԺǶ׸ĸڶ߶߶˵Щʲô˼ˣܻҪеģֳɾ͸ֺһӶ᲻ġ
Ǵҡڽģڹſֱóʵ۸ӣȻԼ֡
ɴ۾

˵еĵǸ
ԣ
ܹʲô
ѵ˵ͨˣٽܣҪٻˣ
ҲǣٽȻڲ竣ҲֻһССĽܺͻϱȣǿһ֮껹ҪֵٻЩʧģƽԹ˵飬ôõĻϿϣҪٽƨɺ棬Ƿӣ
ѲڷҲ֪Ȩˡ
Ҳȥϡ
ʱĻʵ̫УʼҵҹȻͬѰǸи̫ıɵģǻʺԽԽְʱ˵ůĻڻʵæúܡ
Ҫܽչ꣬Ҫ̫˵Т˳ĻҪʺˣųã˵ҲҪע⣬жŮҪӵĲˣһֱͿٿѵòÿжڣɲ˷ѡ
Ů֮УصȻǴӣ˺ЩԴ뷨˵˳
ߣ࿴룬ʲôģ˽ң𣿡
ӵͷȵεϲãлʡ
ʺҲܸˣֻҪԼĻӾͻһεĻʵۡ
ʺ󡣡
ʵۿȻǻӣҲ̫ţ
ž˵һѣڽ˵Ļ˵ˣ㿴ϣôķˣԵⲻ˷𣿡

ڳ˶ص㡣
ô˵أ
ͺ
ҹ
ѵӦ÷ʢ
ǣ˵öԣ´һע⡣
ʱ򣬸ոճȥǮ˽ڻʵ۶˵һ仰̾վ޻£ǶԵ㣬ԲͷָˣǧҪ˷Ѱ
һµʱѾ߳˹
ˣ
վţڲϵ²ۣʹôʲôⲻ˷ʱҪи²ð˼
ҴҸĻʵ
һĨϵĺˮţҲͦеġ
ʲôˣ
ʵֱӿڣǴ£ǾԲģҽǸӡ
һνĿ˵һ顣
ʵۿ
⣡
ˡ
Ҫ֪һ·ԽԽֲ쵽طʱѾ뵽˽ɽҪˡ
ҲڿŻʵۣǳصüͷø
⹷ʵ۲޹ؽҪɣ
ţ
ţͶӵļ˻ڵǵϢء
ԡ
ʵ۶ԼĻǺļƻҲûҪˣʵ۹ȻǹҪٰһٳ
ʵۣ
ʲôʵҪص滹мƻôԲ
Ҫ֪Ѿ󳬳ԤϣȻ˲٣ɼգۼ׬˻
ôǿ󣬹ôǮ
ԣôҪʴȵĻʵ۵ġ
̾Ͱڳһĵģżھ͸дʥּ
⻹ࡣ
ʥּߣߵһͣϣҪúôӦ̫ûҲͰˣûˣɱ˭ᰴɷá
֪
ʵ۵ͷ
룬ﻹǲһ䣬ţͶӶǴˣ̤ʵڿ죬ƽͨڴˣǵĺˮƬϣĲһͱļѣͶţΪҵĹϵϸţòİգϣҪĻкܶࡣ
˵꣬ʥֱּӾ˳ȥ
ϿıӰѵôһ˵
ͻȻоѹء
ﵽܸʱ򣬳ڻʹֵˡ

ٽܺ⣬˶һô
ǿʱټһзǳҪ飬д
վǰ棬ڵܸĵһʱ䣬Ѿ˽ܸΧסֻ׼׼ţҴĴ񣬽ʧ٣ݿɿ鱨ֵĵطܸ˶УҽȥѣҪˣҪʬ
ǣ
˵
ԨĴܳɫ࣬Ҳʲôط
ã
֣ͽеʥּ˹ȥضһ飬˼ԣܸϽѲ飬зԷ۴
޳ܣ
ָܳûڲʥּʼǷ˵ʲô˵Ȼû϶ĳģǲҪҪ£ԲǵļƵóѡ
ڶܳϿ
Ҳڶ
ĽԼָʹĿ⣬׷ײͷܳϣĿҲرࡣ
ҪȥܳͻȻоͷƤһ飬ġ
ȥ

߽ܼҡ
˵Ѳ飬һܹأܼʱ䣬ܸСǼѲڿյԺϵĶҲע⣬Щܲ˵ĵطûжܸжûôõĴˣԨڵܼ˶ǰԺ
̹״ӿܴϣģҲҲڣڣɨһˣ֪ӺͶţԶվ̵ʱһῼУǵȵҳǶԲˣǲġ
ûзܼҵūȻҿڵġ
Ԩð𣬡ֶϷȰһ䣬һߣٲġ
лܴˡ
ֱӹ֣Ҳ£¹ţҲֲܴ˲ģҵҵġ
˵꣬˧¡
Ԩ
ͺ
Ϊ޷⻰
һ˵ѡ񾴾ƲԳԷˡ

ܳϴغ
û
ܳøˣ֪ڽǵͷŻɶ
˺
ҡ
رܸոոĽĴ壬طСݲݺܶ࣬ɽˮټϣĺܲףڽ˶࣬ҲѧļϸϸѲȥǰԺȥ˺ԺǺԺҲĻôֻһطˣ˹
š
ˮζɲܡ
ǣһһҵ
ж
һϲؽеʱŻѣǰĿݾ
ܿ죡
˵Ľɵˡ
شһѰ׹ǣöƽĽ˴ֱۣʧٵˣӦòôİɣ
һͲǣ
ЩҪô죿
ǰԺȥ
д岻ܳĽһ㲢Ǻ⡣
ͬǴǰԽԽİ׹ǣ𾪣ģȻ˵ԵļһЩĶǵ飬ûеģǲĻģ͵ȵˣҲǻѣΪ˵ġ
ڿݾڵصŵģһڹײĶûУʹȫ󲿷ӦöǱġ
ôˡ
ܼˣҹ˾ʱôİ׹˯Ͳ
Ԩúûӣ
ܼҲ¶𾪵ӡ
ҵˣ
ʱһҵˡ
ＱæʵûˣҪ𣿡
ҹƱг̫ҽһҽġıվ˳
ҵ˻ͦĵĽƯϴʱȫΣĻͻȻ˵ˣһ̣һӾΪʲôָʹҪôĿľǾˡ
ֻǿϧѧԵʬʬѾ˲̶ͬȵĽӲӦʱˣǱһĨ̫ҽڳҲȲˡ
û˵Ѿ׼ﻹǺܡ
á
磬û¡˵ֻЩ֪ôǵļˣңǾͲҲͲ飬Ҵƽƽػϡ
ã
һļϣⲻĴ֣˭ҲԤϲ顣
Ҷһܡ
⻰һ͸ӲܣҪȻȥϢｻң뻹һ䣬ٽؼҡ
ڳ⻰˵û˾òԾġ
ôҲǸţʵǺ֣ȻҲΪԼʹ󶯸ɸֻ꣬ǽġ
š
ٽһҲûʲô˵ġ
ٽԼ
û⡣
Ӧûôġ
ҡͷȻ̧ͷ磬Ҹ㣬һӵģ˵İҪ֣
Լǣ
ۿţ
ô˵أ

ȻǷģҲͦɰģѹ˺ָʹһš
Ҹӣ
ȷʵӡ
ʱ޲ܿٳۡ
á
һͷ﷢ֵģ
ľܼҵıԺ
ܳϺ;˶ϣλǸԺ˻ȥŽ
ʲô˼
ûʲô˼һ¸Ѳ˹ϵ˵ոյĻǶ˵ģֻûаסܳϣĽأ
ܳϵͷһ
ıڡ
һ˲Ļңͻָ򶨣ֻҪû֤ݣûа취
һ𡣡Ԩо̫á
㡣
ߵʱ򣬿һѵİ׹ǣȥʱȥɣ췢ʾǴߣûǾҸطˡ
λܼҵӦúܲá
û߽Ժӣ͸һۿɼưܺС
һ߽ȥͿŵʬ壬ݺǴֲڣһճ紵ɹжʮ꣬ʵ϶ţͶͬ꣬Ÿոʮߣײ꣬ţһżµĶӣڶӣϱлûãǳ׺¾ƴѾȥ˵ģϲǡ
˾ôصɴ۾·Ϊʲô
ϸ˿һ۾ܿóֳֵĿ׼ݣ
û°ɣ
ʡ
û¡ҡͷʹҲס磬ǵļ˻š
á

ǰıϸشһſʵ˵˵ΪʲôʬԺӣ
Ҳ֪ʲô֪
ɫܰףûпʼ˵͵ģ
ֻϧһʯ
־ͳܳˣԼұǰغ
Ȼ
ԨһİĹȥ죡

ܳЩš
ܴˣƽҲûκεı仯㿴ɵҪһҪģ̫ҽλѰܲãûεȥˡ
û¡
ȴطԣһܳࡣ
Ԩıѿ
ܳϵĹϵѰֻ̽˵һ䣬ⷴӦЩ󰡣ԽԽ⣬ס̫ҽ鷳ˡ
磬ң
ܳȣذס
ı޵ǽһģȻֹ̫ҽָͷ̫ҽһЦϲϲˡ
Ȼ
ܳϣ𣿡
ƨ£ܳϿ˵Ǹ˾ͳ۸Ůʲô¡
ԨҪιȥ
ʱһʪĽܳϵıҳˡ
İӣҪ
ﶼûҵֻȥ˹ˡ
ˣȻȥ·
űƵؽܳϣܴү㻹ʲô˵ġ
ֶ
ܴˡ׼Ԩʵɣ㱣ְ𣿡


102 
žԼԶĽԼǰΨһûдŷ, ɫɫ֥, Ԩɫ࣬߷ֺ졣
ôҲû뵽һ쾹ȻᱻһСضԴǶԷĹλĳ, ȴֻ, ѱˮ̣СѾ, 찡ڰܼѾ
Ԩıûиܵ, Σ
һ㶼ͬ飬ֱܳϣܳϣǲɱģ
ԼĽΪҵܳʵҲûжٺµģ̫ùãı, ѣ˾ˡ
ײɵӣ⣬ûֱӳϣҲ֪˵ʲô
ЦеĽջأܳϴȥȺúλС㡣
⻰һ, յòеıͻ, ææľݣ, , Һ¡
á
ܳҲ߳壬ԨĿסȻͱק˳ȥ
رС㻹֪ǽǸʲôģһʱ䣬ЩոǿĽǰԹԵؽУǸһ㶼̣㲻ϵĻǾû취ˣϾǵʬԺ﷢ֵģѲ˹ϵǰ޵ø˶һĹȥЦݣҲܼһ㣬ô˵ɣҶôģɱ˳㻳ˣպõ
С㿴ߵ϶¶һѪȵЦݡ
ǧСкദģ¼һֱ
ǲġ
Сҡͷᶼ˦˳ȥʶػŶӡ
ҼҶãǸӣҲܹȵģҵ飬ڵܴ˵ֱӰҺҵܹһ鶼ûС̧ͷأ˭ܻס㣿
Сҡҡ׹
ô
һ۸¿
ôôࡣ
磬ҴΪӺͶţ𡣡
˵ŻԾԾԣŰѾ̧
СĿ⾪ֵؿǰ
ȻҲ֪ġ
ǲͨİǸӵ˵մ˵Ѫ

С㺦µòУôСһ¾ͻҪġ

ңǲɱġ
˭ɱģ
ʡ
Сıԥǰһ׺ݵı·Ҫһ㡣
Ǳ磬ǱɱģңأǱңҲģҲġС˫ȷ˵⻰˫ڵϵؿ·ˡ
ܴˡ
ЦԨ𣿰ܳϴ
Ԩ
ֺܲõԤС
ҲŹģܳϱʱ򣬻׺ݵطźݻֻ￴ǿиɵ廨ͷĶʹģͲ˵ݻֻ¡
һ̧֡
ߵĽܳһţʹֱӾ͹˵ϡ
Ԩ׼ѵ⣬͸оһӰǰڶһǸѾûڸովĵطİӲͣȥʮײУȵȥʱ򣬶ѾѪˡ
ſס֣
Ԩסˡ
ŵıС͵͵ָ￴һĻεɪɪģԲװģҪеÿ죬ǲǰľˡ
ޱؿš
𾪣Ҳͬ顣
š
˵츳Լָʹϵöð
ôˡ
Ԩúܡ
֤֤ˣܳ϶ɱˣôʲô𣿡
Ԩ
һ
ܳʼܷźݻܿͲˣǸӣԴ˵ȫ¶Ź֪ʱˣ۵úܰס֣ס֣УУ
˵ˣɰ˼¡
沿֣ͣȴû뿪ɴ۾ܳϣģ·ֻҪˣͻʱ
˵ɣΪʲôҪɱ
ܳϿС㣬滨ҡͷҧһ䣬ɱɱˣôΪʲô
䣬һŵѪø

ŵشЦҾˣˣģԲԣ
ܳϣ
ñ
˭ҵĹ
磬Ľңһûɱˣԣɱʲôо
ܳϣ
͹ˡ
ΪʲôҪ
Ϊ۰õĴ磬ôһСҪôԲ㣬Ѫ̫࣬ҵıĺòã
ܼҸӣ
̫ˣ
ôء
Ȼ˴ҴҵʮֱŤķʽŽƵءܳϱȻ˺üΣŽܳϵĲϡ
Ǻÿֲ
Ϊʲôô˷ܣ
ιι죡
Ӱ

оĽƤܳŵһ飬ȵȣ˵˵Ҵˣðѽɿ
á
һۡ
磬ôʣҺò׼ȥģ˷޳ôػɣҲʡҵĹ򡣡һŽЦ˵
˻
ܼҸӸоԼҪˡ
á
ܳϡ
ܳϣ
˵ǲˡ
ʵܼ򵥣ܳϺλС͹һ𣬽Ǵʮر̼ģǶ˺԰Ĺ
ɼ
˶ˣǮǲȱġ
é޽ĺǽ
Ȼ֮ѡΪϴ̨һľӡ
ԭͨé޵ļ·ţéֱռˣԣֻԶһЩӺͶţôùŹµ˾ߵû˿ص·˽ȥ֮ɵˣûüӦͱĨ˲ӣ
һӵˡ
Ǻ޲ʱܹ
Ҫ
ǶĻˡ
ĺôһ˽˶Էסˣѽˣһ˹ȥ͵ͲҸصĵط𣿲֪˰ţͶʲôȾ۾꣬ûˣǾȻɱڣû԰
ѣ˭ǿ˲ÿġ
Щʱ򲻾ʲô˵е֮߳ĵ˶ܲˣܳϵѾȵòУ첻ǿģôһ˵͸߷ߡ
ҿǼˣޣͲˣôڡ
ã
Щ󣬡ˣ𼤶Ѿץˡ
ôԩˣңңҡǺҶ֪ôǵĵ˵
̫ˡ
ǹأ
ҴӺˡܳϿ˵
ΪվԱȫؽ
ֶ
ԨǰסԸ⳥
¾ԲֿܼԺôˡ
Ԩһʱ֮
죬ܴˣô⣿⳥˻𣿡˵ߡ
ֶҪôˣôһӶ𣿡
ǣҹù̫󣬻ұܣܰΡ
磬ҲҪߡ
С˵
Ҫȥл·
ߣ
治档
ҿ˭ңԨһܼҵĻʹ˽
ܴˣյϣһ䣬õ룬һͲּ˵ЩС˵㵽ڻĩʱܼ߶мʵȨģҶ֣Ųҽܼ˶ߡ
ԨŽǰž塣
͸¶һܲϵʵܼҲˡ
ôİ׹ǣܼ澭𣿻ϲľǿĴ屻Ǯƣ˵һܼ᲻ˡ
Ԩ
ģԻϰǮӣ϶ǳ˵ġ
ʱԣ뽫ܼ˶ߣúõһġ
˻ûи㶨ܶԳ֣͢żһ
ȷҪΪһܳϴܼ𣿡
˵⻰ǰһԨʶƿ˲ӣ·˳
֣ߡ
ܸһһȺŵ뿪

ʬ壬ûܸ˵
Ѿ¹´ҴĴ峤Ͷӣţļܸţڵȵ˳ʱڿǱ̧ʱǵıȺ绹Ҫ䣬һʱ˶ЩүĿ־壬Թ˵ضεĺ£˳˹ȥʹ޳ѹֵᡣ
ϳŻϲسǴк˵һԲĺӣôûˡ
ǵɴ۾
Ŀ
ˡ
˭ܸģԽԽãôᣬôˣ˭ܱ۾
ӣ
ҵĶ
ţ

ʹĺѹ֣Ϊʲô
ﶼϲԵĴƬ

صغһվɫЩףԲûܾȵǡ
ҴĴ峤ǰ˲ϵᣬˣĴǣá
ǶӺͶţļҲһصͷ
ãǻ̫ɶ񡣡￴ܳϣɱ˶ţͶӵģǷģһǳ
𣿡
ӵĵСĵʵ
˵ﲻǼٵģһ˵Ĵž֪ݲ򵥣᲻öΪѡ
Ϊѣȵͷһգһȥ֪ͨǵġ
ӺͶţˡ
Ѿ뵽飬ȥҲҸĸû˶ӣŮûɷ򣬻û˸ףܵͬʱһŻ
װɵ
ΪȻͬ
ʱʱ̵̿Լƴÿһ
Ϊʲô˾ãͬԼľҪһЩأ
Ǿԡ
˵Ѫ֮ܲӲùͷ
һصң쵽ʱһ䣬ãû𣿡
ҡͷ˵ûǲܵģʱѵЩ˸У̧ͷʵ磬㿴ȽĺС

ˡ
Űɡ
ô̧ͷţһֶ˵
ðɡ
վ¡
һӺͷԼҴ磬磬Ⱦ𣿡
˵
ôġ
ҰԺСںŶõĺþƣŲԶзйĶãоԴЩۣ룬˶ã͹˰ɡ
ȷʵûá
ͥɺҰԺŷĹŮԼõĶӡ
ҵ׵
£ȥľ絽ͥɵϣԣҵ׵׵Ϊʲôɰ
ͥɣ
ҪɣԲҪĹŮ
һѽƿߵǰô£
Ҫȵ𣿡
ƱҲ̫⣬ܸܵܡ
ϴҲǡ
˵ЦȷǴĶþȻһȱĳ޹֮˱ɱ֮·ǳ񣬶ʵİȴչмӡ
ô£
˵һ顣
ͥЩҪȥϴ䣬ڶԱߣ˿Сˣֺһھƣô
ɱ˳
űһʵǹĶã΢Ц˵ŮǵˣôˣûֳĻ¡
˵ͣһ£㲻ҪȰҲҪ嶯ɣ
𣿡
Цǣ֪ˡ
Ҫѧ˵

һֵ˺ͲУ˻Ʒ裬ڵϴޣһܣһİģŪҸӺǱҪ˹򶼲ƻ˵ġ
ϴ˯ź˶һô˵ξƲմ
ں˯
ʵȴЩͷۣҹ϶ʺģ۵˯һһƶ˵ĽɽһμӸŻʵѧϰΪ̫ӣ˵϶šúܡЦݣžͱѣαϣ˵鶼̫죬رǻʺ޹ûйأǵŻϵ
ϻ󹬵ɣ
ʵ۷˸ƻʺ󣬡ȥ
š
˯ܲܰϡ
ʺΣ
˭ǻʵۣ
һõ߳ȥ׼ǳߵĹŮԷһ䣬̫ţɫܲãūյϢǿعŵϢ˻ϵʥּܼҴܳץ˽
ʺ󣺡
ĸʲô
ʺҲżˣ̫ͻϵ飬ɲκϣⲻˣƵùŮ·
ðɡ
Ȼ˵κϣڻϺ̫֮䣬ϲϣԣ̫һҲûʲôġ
ϣõĻʺȥʵۡ
߻İˣѣϴŲϵ㴩ʲô
ĸˡ
ĻһˣȥԸ˵޺˾ƣ˯
ʺ󣺡
һʱЩ֪ͬԼ̫ͬˡ
ܳϱץˣ̫϶Ϊġ˵ôʵ͵Цеؿô֪ܳϱץˣû´ڹѾоþ飬˭Ҳô֪ģ
ʺ󣺡
ص
Ǳʵ顣
˹
ʺɫЩףŻڵ޹ȫǽ˲Щ
Ǻġ
ʵЦݣ㣬޵ĸ󣬹ֶΰ
ˡ
ʺֱӹʱ˵ʲôֲǲ鲻
ʵۿŹµĻʺмֵôЩѹΪתߣһңѹֻ˵˵ȴģҺԼٻһûʱԼǵĿֿЦ
޺ú÷ʡ
´Ǯ࣡
ڹǮӦ


103 
ʵ, 㵽ʲô˼õ̫󿴼ϣѹֵŭһ̱ڴҹýΧѲܸ, ˳϶, ̫ˣֱûн
̫ʵǳá
ĸ, ޻ʲô˼ʵ۷·ûп̫ɫһ㣬ͬڵؿڣǳǰ£ôĸ׻봹ɣ޻֪, ʹ޵Ļĸģ
ʵ۵̬ȱǿӲ
̫󱻷ʣס, ⻰ʲô˼
ʵۣ
ĸûбĴ
ĸ, ˵һ, ǻʵۣĸҪֻһĶӣͷĸٵȵ, ȵ̳޵Ļλôѵ޶ԡ
̫Żʵ۵һʱЩӦˡ
ΪʱԼŻʵۣٻᷴʡöԲĸףôʵ෴ģǵûʶԼĴ󣬷ӵı䱾ˡ
ôһ룬ı, Ϸ·һ, ǰ㣡
ǰ, ĸ󣬻ʵ𾴣Ķоᷳڣʵֱѳһڰ
ߵ﷭˸ۣȻС϶ѧڵı飬Сֱһģһֻƣ˵ţţʵۻûСÿ
·ϵĵ׹վŵ˽Ҫͻ˵˵ȻҪѧҪѧһ㣬ҪžӶϰһ¡
Բĸ޲ش𣬡˵ʵһ֣дɫĽ˽ϥڻʵ۸ǰȥ飬Ҫ֪칬Щ˸̫ͻʺϢģ鵽ʮ壬ӳʹǣòӵ
ǣ
ȥ
̫ضŻʵۣ㿪Ц˼ҲûС
ܸҹ̫ͨϢĸ˵ǲǿԻܸҪ췴
ں˵˵ʲô
Ķ
ôſڴƻơ
̫˵⻰ʱɫЩס
˵ĸɻǵǻʹסĵطĸǲˣʵ¶һõЦݣһΣϣĸܼסؾǹأ´Σͳͳȥ̲ڽȥ˻ܲܳǿɾͲ˵ˣĸ㡣
㣬㣬㡣
̫úܺõָŻʵۣôˣ
ĹԶأ
Т˳£Ķأ
һ
ǲǸӣǸ꾫˻ʵۣܼҵĵù£ƺÿӰӡ
ĸǻȥúϢɡ
ʵ۴˸ǷŻʺһ˵ûʺҲú÷ʡôҪ֪Ϣ޿Գȫ
ֱӾ͹ˡ
ʵûйܺҪβε̫󣬴̫һСӽֱӻԼ޹ڴϵﲢûиո̫ǰЩܣ˵һͷ飬ǲǻúܡ
ȷʵǻ
Ǯô룬Ҳ֪˵ôοء
뷨Цϣ˯ɣС˵û˻žӦÿĵģ̫ͺͷ
⻰ʵۺǮͬʱʮָɵ壬رע⵽һͷŨںڵĳʶͷܸоķеϡ١

Ǯ࣬ŷ׼к֥ʳĵ̾˵ʮ꣬Բͺͷģ̫ˣţˣ˯Ҳ˵
һֱӾ˯˴磬۾һ˲䣬ͿĸźɫްźɫͷϲѾͷС㣬á
ããá
ŲõЦҲ̲סЦױ̨׼õĺ˹ȥһ˵黰
˵ͷ
˳ģ
쿪ģ
ƽ
ЦǺǵص˵꣬˵ллС㣬ףС彡⣬ļƽ
ĸĹϲЦտĬ˵ףĻʲô¶ǡ
һһ꣬Ƕ˴ʱˡ
ֵĺʺϹ꣬պǸžĺû˵úǿġ
ֵúܡ
ŵԨɫȴܴ࣬ˣǼҴڲ͡
Ԩ
µĻո£褻𣬡ܼҴ壬ˣã
Сүã
ܼЦǺǵؽӹݹĸŶԷֱҲûֹ
ԨνĲ͡
ǴҪ
ͬһʱ䣬ʵյܼ֮µϸ棬һ쿴Ķǲ֪˵ʲôźˡ
ˡ
ҲҪȥĸҪĴһİɡ
Ϊܼ˱ܣôܣ
ֲ˵ܳ
ޣ
ʹϷ˶Ĳ죬ڶߵ̻ҪߵģϺ̫˰̫ͻʺɫ̫ãһĵض̫ҽǿ˳㻹˵˼ĵġ
ʺЦŵͷӦˡ
̫ȫ̲ʵۣڻΪ
ĸҪģϸɡʵһȥǮͰѱ̫
̫򿪣
ˡ
ĬƬ̣ſ˵ʵۣˣ϶ǷЩץǲЩˡ
Ҳз𣿡
ʵЦ˵ôİ׹ǣܳ޵ǰֱӻ
ǻʵҪΣεĽѵԺĵġ̫˲١
ɱ˳˵ʵûи̫˵ĻᣬĸתܼˣѾǶ֣ܳˣǣɨʺڵɣǵļˣɱΪԼж˲ɷɷ˭ҲӲˡ
ǡ
еŮ
̫㶵ؿŻʵۣ·ʶһ㡣
ССļ񣬽ܳϴѾǺܹ֣ĴˣôҲû뵽ʵҪϣ磡
޲ϣͲǣ
˵꣬ϸɴΪ޺ɱ𣿶ҵģģһ㣬ɱ֮ǰԥһ£Ҳ䵽³ã
ʹ˳ȥ

ˣоر֣Ȥ
ë𽥴ϲп˭뵽һģô˼
Ǯľ£ƽĴֲڣĺͿһġ
˵дϡ
˵ܳϡ
ʷǹ궼ûϢȻĲܳϵķ£ǸϰգϵʴȣͨյҲʮҪ飬˳ټߵǴɱߡ
òϵعơ
ӰʷͦøֱˣǷ·ҵ˴ڵ塣
ɶ˵Щġ
˶ֺǺǣˣǾִнְɣҲƻеһǣΪϺƵд˳һµ͵ʹپɻʵ۵תʷǡ
Ȼ
ͱ߸ˣѾ֪ĸѾͷǵϿٴߣٴߣʵٴߡ
ʷڴ߻ϡ
ڴʷǡ
Ͽվǽĸ֣տ˵żֱˡ
ʵۺʷǿеǾ֮ΪΪ񣬿еǣٿǴʿԽԽ
ΪǾɵ
ʼǱҲԱȣҲۡ
ֵʱ֪ļȫس֮սʱʷǺͰһʹ飬ǰ߽ɤӶˣǴһ֣
ǴĴޣ
ǲ䣡
ΪĶǣǾվʱǰأǣܿط
ҲвܵӰ졣
Ȼȫǻʵһ˵ġ
ʷÿν궼ûǸ蹦̵£ʴȵĻʵ۱ΪЩʶԼĴ󣬲ŻѪĻϣĵĽܹͷǰڴܶ࿼ǵ޹İա
Ȼ󣬻ʵڰĵλָһ㡣
š
ʴȣвŻ
ÿοŻʵĿ佱ЦһԵãͣǮȥͱԼͷȥΪԼ̲סȥԽԽҪˡ
Լǲô⡣
ʵʱ
ʲôϵÿľͺ˵Ҳдġ
оԼҪѧϰڵһҲһ仰ȫû档
¶֣ȻæĶæš
ļŪ󣬷ֻҪʾֿʼ飬˽²Ÿ㶨䰲úÿİ칫㣬ѧѧǷǳ졣

ϵ￴Ųˣ̾վ֮󣬽ʵƶԷϣƹӣ𣿡
ЩҪ
û
ٽѧ⣬һĥ˺ü춼ûн
õѽ
Լôܻԥֱӵͷ
һСͤӣһ峺ĺӱߣһ֦Ѿʼѿɨһƿߵţ˰
ó鱾ëʣǽڷ޳ʳָǣһ־뵽ж˧
ѯʡ
ס˼Ƿǣɨһۣţѧܵһϸؽ⡣
ٽú档
͵͵ؿһۣţԼʱҪ֮ǰᣬ϶ѧԼУݵġ
лл

ҡͷƹӣѧ˼ɣ
š
ٽ֪˼ûѧ֮ǰҲġ
ǾͺáЦݸӲãʵкܶ˼飬Ӧ֪ʵû϶Բԣ
š
֪ʵǿȥϵ𣿡
ٽܵɴ۾ûң
Щٴ̧ͷͿԼ۾ɵôģ΢ţֱɰըһǿԼƿߣûУʵƹӣϻ˼飿ǽ²ŵĵԲġ
ٽܣ
ǲŶ
ôƭˡ
ƹӣ֪Ϊʲôµܣ
ٽܣ
ⲻȻ
֪Ǻʱȥĺͺʲôͬ𣿡
û
˭ôģ
Ͳ֪͸Щô𣿡
롣

ĿͣڶԷ°ϣͣһ£ƹӣͣŬѧϰ˵Щⶼõ𣬱ҲȤҲû˼й򣬶ѧϰ֪ʶԽѧԽ֣ᷢǰǶô֪
ٽھ;֪ͦġ
ûб
ǿǰŮӣһǰδеĽȡģ͸ǰ췴ʱһģһؿǰҳϢĻչһ䣬Ҫѧϰòܳ㣡

ﱻסˣֿһǰŷʤĵ񣬲ԣҲǺ°
ͷС˵滰Ǽٻ
Ȼ滰
滰ǣƹӣĲǴ㰡ǺܴǱҪһ㡣˵ֵĴָʳָ˺Сһ㣬Ҫңǲܵġ
ٽܣ

㲻˵ŵʵĻ
Ǽٻأ
Ҫٻ
ٻѾˡ
ǼٵòС
лл˵꣬һ£ԺҪ⣬Ҫʦ𣿡
ʲô
ԼΪʦ
Ҫ
ܿͿʼԲһɽʦͽûµʱϵͳˢ¾磬ԼŰòҪҪģᶼ̲ס
ٽܣ
ôͿˡ
룬Ҳͺ֮ǰԺˣåѪһԣʦԺﵽ뵽ʲô
ٽܾȵȡ
ڿ޹ˣ˲ᣬƹӣʦͲˡ
㴫֪ʶ
ٽﲢû֪ʶҪοɵĿЩѧԿ϶ϻĲᳬʮˣȫйϵ
ѧѧƤë
ڵʱԸоôж
ԣôҪ֪ʶ׼ɲС
ƹӣ㲻ÿ
治ǿٽ˵Ҳܰ飬ָ㡣
ûϵģָҺܸˡ
УҪһǰʦɡ
治Ҫ

˽ãһηȻôģˮ˵ˡ

Ʒʵ̫ˡ
˵˲Ҫ𣬲κε飬һжĸԸǳ˵ģȻԷǼ֡
ô죿
̧ͷ·ֻҪͷԷ̹°ʦһ˲ҡͷʦʲôԶҪɺһͽܣʵ̫ˣȻٶ˫۾ʱûסưˣҪƹ
ٽܣ
ǰԼס˵Ĺ
һӾͻ
ֻˡ
ǲ˵ʵôģһֹһΣҲѿڶٽܴʱȫ˸ո˵ĳƤ
Ľ
ҵθү
˵ʲô
ʱ⵹
ôԶͼôıɣôЮ֪ʶͼأ
˼οˮ
۾سŶԷ忴˹ȥ
ס
̵ͷ
侲
ȵİ취
ǸƹӡС˵˼˵ˡ
˵ˡ
ٽȴ˼
ӵҲûϱ˼ĹҪ׵Ļǰõѡ
ֻǡ
أ
Էǿֻ塣
ԣ룬˵ҵû⡣
ɶף
Լϥϵ֣գ۾ʲô
֪˵ʲô
ƹӣ̧ͷ̫ˣûй˵ϳüۣһҪ־ǿҲܱױյġ


104 
侲, ǳǵٽܣ
ĺܺ棬ҵôֻ˵׾ʲô, ôô
ո˵֪ʶʱأ
йôԼġ
Ⱦһ㱡Ц⡣
ƹӣԼûôŹ, Сıͦñֱ, ĺͶͷȫǺˮ, ɤӶЩɿ, Բĳʵ־ϲʵصͷȻֱ˹ȥ, ƫƫҪһȥΪǡ
һԸġ
أ
֪ʶ嶯֮ľԺ᲻ڡ
лãֱӻԼȥ׷ԼҸֱ񲢲ǡ
سŵˡ
İŮȴΪԼһ˶òҸÿΪ, Ȼգ~
̫ˣ
ȻҸ·ϵİʯﵥ뵽Ľ־ŰŰ, ɺӡ
ҸոǿЦģġ
˵, ɴ۾, ʢ, ÿһϸڱų⡣
ܾ, ջʵ̫ˡ
ԣǧҪ嶯Ҫ
֮ǰ˵ѧϽġٽЦѣӶҪǳۿˣת˻ڣȻ㲻Ը⣬Ҿ͵ǸЦ
ôԸ⡣
Ըġ
һ־ޱȵʧ䣬·õߣҧ
ˣܵ˫ȻԼϵġ
ޡ
ʲô߰İֲǹԣôӣôôÿ
ôͲټְּ
ԼӸߴ࣬ţڻҲǷǳס
ո̫̼ˡ
ˡ
ô˵ˡ
ǣ¶һеǿЦݣš
ٽܺ˵ҶѧԼ֮ǰ˵Щ֪ʶǷǳȤġ
š
ܵȥĻҲһ
ģֻҪѧҿ϶˽ģҷġ
˵ŻʱеͷۣǱȸ߶Ȱ׾ƸͷҼˣǾ˵ٿ϶һЩŶȡ
ٽҡͷҲǲĻֻǣҲܰѧЩ֪ʶ֮ǰĽĵģΪʦ
ͣ
̧֣ôƻˣ˵ȵˣһТ˳׵һТ˳ֱӲòش˶ԷĻ
ƹӣǧ˵ʦˡ
ʹһɲ磬ϵһΪʦΪĳͽܣ̫ˣԺԲĿ֮·סˡ
ٽܣ
Ϊʲô
ҲΪұ褲
ôô롣
ûйϵʦܵģǧҪֲ뷨
ĲҪ
ٽ˼ʲôȱ벻ЩʲôȡЩ֪ʶҲѧˣ

Ҳ԰
ġ
Ȼܽ⣬ԣ⵽ʲôʱܽ
ѧҲС
ò˸ȤĶ
صغһ̧ͷʮָʯϣһͣڶԷñϣЦ˵Ҫƹӣǻɣ
ٽܳĬһ£ող˵Ц𣿡
ҿЦƹڣֱ̯ƣԥƨ˭ԥֱǰˣֲҪ飬ܳеˣ
ǼְʦĻҿ϶ڵġ
βǿЦˣ
ҡͷԲǡ
ðɡ
ǲԷӣ
ôǳˡ
˵ҲֲԷģ˭뵽ôִţɫջˣǹˡ
ٽЦû⣬ҺǳЩ֪ʶģҲ𣿡
֪ģҸõĻá
ҡͷⰡұʹҪ׸ģҪָꡣ׵õӣֻи˺òã
ţҴţϣĺ֪ʶҸḻˣ⻰Ҳ͵ģţúܡ
⻹Ǵţ
Ҳû⡣
ٽ룬˵Ҳܱ֤һֱôÿҲӦòÿˡ
˵ͣһ£Ժϸÿģ۵ģԸҡ
취ڲ˺Է»ɡ
̫ˡ

ǵ뷨ôĬ
ôܻбÿ۵ˡ
һģԺƹİĹҲһҪ˵ǧҪΪһЩ߰㲻ҪɶίԼ˵ǿһ£ϣ㿪ġ
á
ٽܲԺϲĹһŬһְɷֻǣ鰮ⷽҲҲпܲʲôòõĵطҲ˵Ҷᾡġ
Ҳ
ֱ׳˵ʲôУƹӣȫҪⷽĵģҲʲôҿ;úܿģҸ
ǲǰ飬Ҫ
òҪ

ôֱ׵Ļǵٽ֪ܶ˵ʲôˡ
ǣ˵ʵΪÿο֮õöƮȥͺ档
һʱ˶˵ûСͤ˲Ͱ
ٽԴӵʵԺͲ֪ʲôˣĬؿŶɵЦ

ֻбεķݡ

Ѿֿ˻հ
һƿ
ٿһۡ
ƿ
ԽԽÿ
ĵٽ鲻侲ڿǽ顣
Ҳû뵽ѧ
š
ҲǣദǻᣬڽҲ㲻
Ϊһ췴ҳɹϻʵ۵ˣһôȴҲŮ֮ϣҸԿ㲻֪Ļ߶Զøе̻ҪеģҽؼҺͼԼʱףؼҲͼ˵һи׼
ֱӵͷ
Ƭ̺ŷӦɴ۾ٽܣ˵ʲô
ô˵׵ˡ
᲻̫ˡ
ʲô𣿡
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˵ǣǣ֣ʲôġ
ѽ
Щֻ룬û˵ԺףЩǲǶˡ
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ٽܿ˵ԺҲദġ
ҲУ
ô˵ˣ˳ӻô죿
ҾദϡٽܿŵͷĹ˵㶼ҿңôദ

ôһᣬȻҲʶ⡣

ܿ뵽˰취̧ͷٽܣ˵࿴һܿ˷ġ
ϰߡ
Ӧ
㿴
ٽܶﶢԼֺͦǵģջ֮ǰĻٻôһȤˡ
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롣
ﲻϵԼȻܿ죬ⲻסˣ˶κģĬ𾭣ţãĵ˵ƹӣ뵽취ˡ
취ûбҪˡ
Ѿ˵ˣڼŮӦôദûо飬뵽и飬һ˽
һˣһȥŵġ
뿪֮ǰٽ룬Դ׼˵һ䣬¿ֱȥ

ո뵽취ĻûúܽӴ׼ټϽ̼̫һ۾ֱˣȻôκ˹ȥ
ٽܣ
ַҸЦݡ
᲻̫ˡ
ͺ
ٽܣڸʲôƫƫʱڽſڣԼãʲô
ٽܿűһ¾εĹٿһʵգգ۾⻹ܽ͵
۾ͿϤĻĴķ䣬ôˣ
ȻһͦǷ߿ļ~
ûϢ
ôκˡ
Դָͷʱı飬үʲô
γ氡
ôôʱε
С㣬С㡣
ĸѾͷ˽滹һˣ̫ҽ
ôˡ
Ҫʲô
һķ
̫ҽǰűӣڣһᳰЦһε̫Цˣһˣ
ǿ弫á
ľͷ
̫ҽǺ棬ʱȴҲòɫ뿪
ٽ˵ģֱӿʵ
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룬˵ʲôϣеͷ˵ûġ
Ҳͬ⣡
ͥɿ˵
ΪʲôƹﲻãҲɵӦ˵ǲյúܣӼ򵥵ĻоƲˣƹӿܽ׼׵˴磬Ȼ˶֪ˡ
㿴ڵӣûмˣ첲ա
̧֣̾ʾ׵ûг⡣
ҸģôŲҳ㡣ͥǳ鴤£ؿڣֻվջЩˡ
ţš
̾ˡ
ʵֻᣬķԣϾѾ˶Ѿͷ׼˭룬³ɡ

ϸͥ̾һ
ѾͷҪ㻹ѧѧذɣԺôĿô˰ƼұԼҹڵüɹĳ棬˵Ʒ˵ɲ̫ãҲ֪ܲסȻһֱԸԼ˵һ䣬ҪȻ㻹ǴڼﵱϹɣȥ˼ˡ
ϴô˵ģ̫̫һͥɡ
콵ľϲ
ҵĶŮ޵óȥˡ
˵Ϣʱݺᡣ
Ѿͷ֮ɲŶ
Ѿͷ֮͸أ
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ĸףͷۣ̫ˣ£˶óƼҳԿ׿ɲٽһ˵飬Ƽ˲ͬ⣬ûǼ޲ȥ
ҪҶױ
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ͥԼҶŮĲƲĸףǵǲء
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գ۾Խ˵ԽԾ˵̫ˣôǿҵҵģҵӣ𣿡
˿һ۾Ʋͷ
úãĺãӴʲôã֪֮ԼҵĶѾͷȫЩѡϱı׼Ӧ˵Щ˴ûнǽȥվͥɺƷԱɴ˿ﵱжʧܡ
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ĺͬƷˣ̫ˣ
̫̫ԺҪҪÿڷǰƷ÷汣ܹ֧һ
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ҽãǼƽϡǴ󷽵˵
ĸѾͷ²ǰѯνƹµġ
ֱӴЦģѾͷǣ֪ʶúѧϰɡ
ʱ˿̵Ƽ鷿
վȵؿԼҵĶӣôôͻȻ
ûкͻȻ
ͻȻ
ٽܲãϾǳ׵ĻһܽԴľŻԼĸֱ顣
ٺúÿһ¡ЩͷۣӦ֪ǲͬģɩҲңǷԣٽܰ˵̫ˣһⲻס
Ȼһ
ļ޵ǼңԼĹԺ£ٽܰڲƽҪ
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ôƫƫٽܣֻҪﲻԣҾȥס
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˵Ļȥ̫ҽ𣿡ٽؽ飬Ҿܻιȥ
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ٽҡͷܣҺѾ˵ˡ
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ٽֱӵͷ֪ԲƼˣǣϱӵ飬һͶ飬Ҳкܴ󲿷ԭЩ֪ʶȥ
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΢ίһҲð
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ٽܿգûУ𣿡
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һԼҷˣԼƽһЩˣѡƵգȥװɡ
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׷׿ٽܣһȻģЩò׼
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105 
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λǼΣΣȥ, ٿİҩ, ˵û߷飬ĻͿչˡ
һҲһ뵽ѡ
, ̫ҽɫĻر, ҩͶǻйܼ
ڹΪʲôᱻˣ
š
̫ҽģǾԲкĵģУҲס
˵ķܿõúǾ, ŵ, ֻϧʱƼûȥ͡
̫̫ڴǰ, Ķ棬վš
Ʒ, ٿٽ, һʱ˭Ҳû˵, ճĬѹ֡
Ʒӣٽ, û˵͵, , ίٽܣֻϣȢһЩĹⶼ𣿡
Ƽ˷׷׿ٽܡ
ҪǻĺӣϷ˺Ϳѵˣٽܲһ⺢ӴСͺܵ޲֣ȻҲЦץܵʱץһ飬ǰƼ˸ŵˣº֤ûгҵ뷨ɶԼˣҲ䵭ǴûʲôҪ
Ϸ˺ʱ򶼲֪⺢ʲô
ٽڡ
⻰˵ȥ𣿡
žˣҪȢҡ˵²ģԼɱļͥĻһػţû¾ôȥ
û
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ŴⱲӵ׾ٵľܿ뷨νΪģɣ£ͻݣТ˳ȵҪȫϱ׼Ĺɩ֪ˣǴǰٰ⣬׺󲻻ҲҲ
˵ÿ仰滰ĵģٽܿƷˣвңϲЭҵ飬Ϊʱܽûǵôʱȫʧˡ
ܾˡ
ΪŲǺܶ飬һֱܲ˵ĵ
ΪͿĻ
ǾΡ
вˡ
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˵ʵ
ôͲ˻ˡ
ˣĸҲΪŮױвǿζΪʲôǵ˸ĸԺ󻹻ͬʽԼĶŮ
Ҳٽܾû˼ĵط
ǰĸĸûеõһ飬ⲢʵŵĸĸǴģô侲ǵغڵｲѾǺܿˡ
Ʒ˿޵øˣץסյӣſǻ˵ܹ
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㣡
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ô
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Ʒ˵ܴ󣬺˫ۿеƼˣǶͬ⣬ҲͬģٽܣһǾ仰Ƽҵš
ƺ˶֮ǰĻǸȥţҾ㿴
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ٽֱӵͷҷֳȥɣ׵ҲǲģԼš
˵ͨͲ˷ѿˮʱԸȥоһѧֻ߿ǡ
Уȥ
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ˡ
뷨Ҳ˵ӵģ˵⻰һ̧־Ѿ߷ߡ
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ֻǻû죬Ʒ˾һ߿һ˵ߣߣڲ뿴㣬ôͬţҶ̫ʧˡ
˵⻰˼ҪߣҪԷվһߣһ𷴶ԶȢ顣
ſʣȴʵʵ佫һô˵÷˿һޣ侲һºú룬˵׼뿪ˣֱվˣϢȥٽܡ
ᣬߵЩ̫ˡ
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ء
ûһĵġ
߳Ժӣſڵ⣬߰ɣүȥô죿
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ֻǣҲ͸¶ǵŮӣԷŵԣ֪ԭΪΪѡϱʱῼǹǹȴȱųģǳӣԺҪ̳йľλԣЩźҲΪ֮ǰֻĬĬͣûб¶⣬Ҳʲôû˵Ȣڵϱ
Ҳ˵ãżʱܹôһ˿˿Ĳ
رǽôô˵ķʽȥȶܡ
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ֱӱԼ̬ȣӵĲ÷ĸףľ˱ôֻռһСֵԭ򣬸ҪΪԷѡеġ
Сӣ˵ʲôأ߰ɣ
ǣӼֺǺǵȥٽܵԺӡ
Ժٽ̾һǵϲˮ磬λܵܣȰĻͲ˵ˡ
ǡ
ֱҡͷЦٽܵԴڶԷ侲Ŀط£ȻӣʱӵĿѹʵǣǰֳȥլӳף᲻㣬վǣ
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ܣ磩˵׵Ҳ룬òƻˡ
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ᣬٽܿգİɣ
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ڸŵͷ
ãǳϲôǣͲͬǻСһ㣬ҲҪҲҪܣ˷ҪǶഩ·һҲ䣬ѾԱҲˣҪٳһȵʤ͸ĸ棬ƫƫҪ˵˾Ի˵ڸв֪
ĸһ컹ãʱЩⲻס
һǳӲ˰ɣ
ֱһ´ӵԴˣһ˵ġ
Įһȫŵӡ
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ô죿
ˮ˵ˣ˾ǲġ
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ǾôˣֱˣǱ߲뷨ɣ
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е
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ٽҡͷᣬ׵ϣûĸ֣ԣûòҪӻƱ顣
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ôˡ
ǳʮֹϣΪԷŮ˾ġ
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סڹԺ᲻ȥֵĵطؼ·
ջһ
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Щˡ
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뿪ʱٽ˵һ䡣
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š
ٽܵͷ
Ƽҵⳡ粨ƺͣˣڶգ糯ʱտͥɺѵõػһº͵Цݡ
糯߳
ˣ
ƴˣ
һû׾ҪּңһŲܴǧѷŮĻᣬ̬ȲⶼҲͬʱһۣ˾Ƕ˶Է顣
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ΪзҳӦҪЩ
̵ͥͷ
š
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ܰһԶŶҸӣ˾֮ĽǾǴʼġ
˭Ҳû˵
ﶼҪ˵ʲô飬֪һӺط²豭ҲȵЦݣЦ˵ˣֶԼλҼҶӺǼҶĻ¡
˵˵һ˲ţŸ߰˶ͥɵĲźܺãһĿ佱պ⣬ҲʼǸͲ룬ֱӽʵ֮ǰʥּ
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ֺһڲ裬˵Ļǵ˵
ǰ׼ٽֳܷȥ˵˳
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ʵ
ҸҲΪǻͬƷˡ
̬Ҫڳġ

Ϊĸ׺ʹ磬ǿ϶վߵġ
Ȼ
ͥ룬˵ǲ֪ƴѡǳԼԺסլûУ
ҡͷ
ͥЦˣãڵϻпլӣҼҺܽҪѡΣ
ͷԺҲԺͶö÷һȥչҲ㡣
ߣ
ôܣ
סôǺʲô
ҲпլӣҴ
Ȼĳթúܡ
լӵǮͥɺǴ󷽵ؿڣѾͷеǮ
ˣȻԣȴҲһǮ
Ǯǲ͵
ôܡ
Ȼλ˾լӵ⿪ʼ˭Ҳ˭󲻻ɢ

ǴˣıȽͲµ˿׵飬۾ضͥɣΣ
ͥ£ŶŮ
̾ͻ⣬õĲҶζĵĶǰ硣
⻹ࡣ
ͥɱ۾ܣ˵һ顣
ֳȥ

ֱӾЦƴǺ˰
ͥ˵ʱʵҲֿ˻ȻӣȴҲŮ˼ԺûеôɣΪйţ岮ССӵȵһϵе˼ʹϵҪֳȥͲһˣԼҹŮͲЩۡ
ֻǣѡ»ķѡϳ˷磬Ҿ־ͺãҪǼҵ֣˵˵ǺֲԶסôˣ
ͷ׵֮䣬϶ѡǰߵġ
ǡ
ֲòֻҪһլӣҪ
ԡ
ŮûΪٽܵ׵ѡ첲գͥʮ⡣
ȥƱ
̧ͥ֯ˣǮļױǮҾͲ׼ļױˣҹŮ޲ҲôӣǮûȣҲҪܾģžˡ
Ϊյ̸ʱ˿˼ּŮ顣
ֱӾͻסͥɵĸ첲ԴļϣӴҵ׵ǰˣôôð
ǳԷ˵˵Щʲô뵽ԺŮˣദĻ͸ˣѻ˻ȥ֪ͺá

Դ׵ۿЩ죬Ц˵ǲ᲻ң
ûС
֪У￪˵ҪǼһլӣڹǱҲһլӣȺ˳ǾͲˣ׵һҼ޹ȥǱ߰ھϯȫҶȥǱ߳Ծƣʲô׼׵ڶŮ߰ھϯ
ԺǾסߣ㣬̣дʱǣҪźһԷҲ㡣
ͥɺĶ
Ů޲ȥͷۣоһ춼ˣҪ˺ԺûôһڵģҪį٣Ƽͬ𣿡
Ϊʲôͬ⣿
Դ˵ҪҲƹˣǾȥǱססҲԣȥ䷹Ҳð
ͥɣ
Ҳǲԡ
ȷʵƽķӡ
Ұ
ԼŮӣԱ֤ҲԼܵˡ
ⲻ
ϯ˻᲻ۣߣԼҶŮ˻
һأ
ôˡֱͥİ塣


106 
, 󣺡
ǲǰ׻ˣ
׻ô

ǻãû룬Ϸˣ, ŮܸоǺһ㡣
˿ͥ, Ҳ˿, ˳֮⣬ϡƽƵǺܴС֡
á죬뿪˵ûĻ, úƴ˵ĶǶ, ΪʲôѾѳ׵ĵصͷʽˣ֪ǼǲӦ΢һ㣿
ˣ
ѽ
Ǵӣֶ, 磩ס
¶ûжأ
ô, ôż
ýƸߵĳһٵġ
ôҲҪһܳף
ԣͬƼͬˣһһﻹҪڼþأ
ͥҲӦˡ
ǲ˵ҰԺˡ
￴һԴʹ, Ц˵֪᲻, İɣҼˣҲᾭŵġ
˱ʾ, 뾲˵
, Ǳƫ˵ģֱͥ˧
, , Ǹȥˡ
Цݲõ˵ô˵Ĺϵ粽ؿĵʷʱ̣ôԲأ
֪
ﵹǲ롣
ֻ˼ﻹ⻰һµʱͶ֣գۣʲô
ҲҪ
൱Ĭ
õֱӻԺӣӼ򵥵ӵħСİڷźãôЦ˵ͣ档
ͥɣ
ѵõǡ
õɢװ͸ٽóߴոպõĴľӾװõģôɫĳӰţϵϺᣬģȻЦеسš
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Լҷ˵ĻҪˡ
룬һ䣬Ѿͷժ˻Ҫ㻨ְ۸òã
ã
ԺӦ
ͷԼ׵öõĻ˵Ǹӡ
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ϴһ仨ʲô
·ٽܣǶ컨ֱѯʵ
͸ġ
竣
ʲô
ΪʲôҪ͸
Ѳϴˡ

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ϴ˼ǣ
Ǻܿͻᶩף
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ԶͿվ칫ſڵٽܣ̾Լ״磬һߵ°͵ĺӡաܵٽܸǰһ߶գһ䣬߶߶ȵؼעȻҲûпռȥģƹӣǸ׼ģϣϲ
лл
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ԣģͦܵġ
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վŸʲôȥˣ鶼𣿸𣿡
ٽܻû˵ʲô͵磬̫ˣôô˵
Ȼ״һӾ©
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š
˲õЦݣԼצӣĻЦŶԷıӰʧ
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úܣÿ˶϶ǰЩСҲͰˣڻ¶ôԡ
˱Ӿ´ֻǵ·ȥʱ򣬵֪үȥϷ˵ԺӣһɺܲõԤС
ȻʱүϷ˵ýѡȥס
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ǵ
Ҳô
ͻȻնһ˵һϲ徻ϷˣŵɫˣһġֱͨͨһضûеƷˣ˭еģ
ˡ
ĸף
ȥϷһûи
ƷҲ֪̫Ϸ˵Ժӣգϣܰæ顣
տԼĸ׵Ӿ֪ŵòᣬʱ˻ִĻֲãǺȰˣ岻ãȻȥϢɣ˵ͣһ£Ѿˣȵٽܺ׺ͽֳȥʱס
Ʒ˵ɴ۾գǸ˼
ֻҪ๫Ӷģô
˵ҲΪ϶ð
ҪȥᱻЦġ
ţôһϱԺϯֳҲᱻЦģҡ
ˣѾ˵ˡ
һ仰סƷˣ˼ԣûˡ
ߵˡ
Ϊʲô
Ʒ뿪ʱʧǣصԼԺĲˡ
ĸ̫ҽΪϱӷ˲òͦŴȥ̽뵽ү˵ĽǽһĽ룬ҵĲүĻǲҲֳܱȥ
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Щʲôá
ƷԽԽǵһΣƼ˶ĸܣӵĻ¶
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๫Ȼĸ׳档
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ӷ˵Ѿߣûסͷ˸ۡ
֮ǰүûкͷ˵оͲȥ밲С㲻мûȥô˵ģڶǵڵˣǽӶѣôˣǸʱС
žһѣָС㽿Т˳
ĸף
ӷΣ
£
˵ĸ岻̫ҽô˵
Ʒ˾ҪйŭίԼܣҲûϱĹģҲûпĴӣ뵽Ժ󽫻һĶϱһۣͽ˿ӡзһﻹ̵סץһԵͷ˹ȥ
һ̣˶Ŵˡ
ӷ˶û뵽ô
ŵѾߵǰ˸ʵʵ

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ʱǿʲô˳ۣˣҰѾͷϳȥ
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ӷܿĵ˱վ飬뵽ֱӲȵ֮ǰƷˤĲ豭ƬʹټϵϵĲˮһӾˤڵء
С㣡
ϵƬϣ⻹۵ģӴľʹӷ˺ǿֻţȴֲòǿԼ侲һץסұߵѾߣȥҵ磬ѷǡ
ĲԼܲܳŵùȥ
ʱ˭ţֻˣ
ƶ䣬ȥ̫ҽ
ѾߺͷȻ󲻹ܲ˵ܡ
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ṦԼСһ˻ȥ˿ӣŻˣ˵˺̫̫
ϷˣˣǿȾС㡣ǵʱֱӾ˹ȥǰٵذ˵һ顣
ǰһƬڣֱֱϷסţҲΣĸס
ԣԡŬסŵģ˵
˶£ΪŮˣ̫ӵΣˡ
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ԣµġ˴ʱ˿Ѿһ飬ԸֻŮƽ¡
֮¡ŶƼˣɫѿ
Ůû»ãиһͽˡ
ٽܴü
ǰƼҺΪŴ󲿷־Ȩļ壬ȻǺ췴עҲֻеĹʵ۲ŲҵҲãλҳһ췴˼ûС
ȻҲȫǺ¡
ǵúǰӷڻ߸µʱ̥ѲһʬʹҺƼ
ҲΪŸעɩеĵ߸¡
Ѿ˸ı䣬ôôǰѾ޷ȥ֤ɫ׵ĸףºѲ˹ϵ
˵׼ﻹΪĴҪҪȢ鶼ᷢġ
ԷֳˣʱһһعȥźѾ߽ڣǷˡ
ֱӾ͵ڵϣ쳤˰춼ûп޳ŬҪȥŮһ档
˶סˡ
̫ҽȥֳһҡͷ
ܣôܣҡͷһҪСģҴ㶼ͬˣôܻ
ƽʱ֮¡϶һĹȥˣСڣСҪûлˡ
Ҳţ취СûҲûйϵҴ㲻ûеģһа취ȵģԲԣȽûмС褸Ĵ㣬ǸٻǽѵҲĴ㣬Ǹʱ޳ɹ׽㣬ôܾôûˡ
ץסһ̫ҽ֣ѯǡ
ֱϤ̫ҽ̫ҽһа취ĶԲԣ
̫ҽͷࡣ
ͺһѲÿ궼ϣ˵ʵĻᷳľϱ֮ĹأϱôͲһɣֻ̫ҽ֪ʲô˵ʲô˵
褣Ѳ뵽һϤˣǾ
Ȼ۾һΪҽԴӸԺԽԽãȻЩпյ뷨ֱӱˡ
ǵã˵Ƹӵ顣
ʱôЦģȻǵĶҲ档
õӱӵĿ⣬֪ɱ
ʱϣԼ֪
һ˵ʵһ˿ܾȵˡ
ȴ˵Ŀ⡣
˭
գڣߵ˶ʵ
̫ҽҲ֪˵ЩƣҲ䣬ЩҼõˡ
ٽܣ
ĻҲûпܡ
ת˳ȥȥ
ңҲȥ褸˳ȥ
˶̫ҽܿˣ˺ҪãԣҲȾ
̫ҽŲŽŲ
ôﶼƷҧгݵ˵
˵ʱ˿޵˭ôֻһ֣Ǿ

ܲ˵ش󺰣ʱˣȻֻĸϲãһ˲䣬ľǰĸ׺ÿ¡
Żĵӣʱʱһ۴컨ֵܻϣƵҡţ̧ͷŲݶƮĶƣҸа
ʦ
ţ
ôԼԼͽܵĲҽУһǴ
ʦ
һվ˳ȥͿķһ۹Ȼͽ˽ţڵϣôֽŲõ
ôˣ
ʶˣȻ˫űסˣʦˣȾҴ㡣
𿪣ﶯ˶ţѱҿϡ

𣬡ҴɩѲܲã̫ҽ˵а취ˣ鷳һ𣿡
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붼͵ͷ
ģֻܾм㣬ȲˣҲû˻ġϣٽ˵
û¡
ҡͷҲЩҵģҵ˶ˣҲû˭ܰΣ
ʦҲͬ˼
Ҳ֪ʦǴ򣬲ܱϣ
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褲ԡ
~
һҽд﷢
ʱ˶ȷӦˣץ֣ҪܾŮҸţԡ
ǵǲأҲȱţ
ЦŻһ䣬ˣȰֻҪûϣһᾡŬġ
š
صͷ
￴̫ҽҽȥˣƹӣҴһҵĸѾߺ͹߽ˡ
ʵ֪ǣֻĸѾߣ滹һˡ
Ϸ˵˼ֱġ
֪ܲѾͷ
治ġ
У㲻ܽȥո߳ͱסˣǰˣգգ۾
Ʒסɺܳ֡
ΪܾܲȳɹƼҺҶǷһ飬ǲǾ˵ԺǰԼҪһˡ
̫ҽһǺһģǲҽģȥһ˵һûˣ鶼׬ˣԲǵıóѡ
ϱСӵҲģھΣΪŲ˶õĶΪ
Ƽ׼ȥ
֮¡誳Ѿߣˡ
һ̣һȥֱӽƷ˸Σ΢Цؿڵϣ˵֣࣡
̫ҽ
ϰˣ

Ƽ˺ˣ
ǿûϰߡ
Ҳ̫뺷˰ɣֱӾͶ֡
Ǽسٽ
ôܶ֡
˶ٽܣ̫ˣ˭ҲûȥܵϵƷˡ


107 
߽ûһ, ʹĸѾͷǰ
أű˵շ·һӾͱæµ
Ÿʲôˮȥ
Щȥ, Ҫһӣ
ȥƹ, ԽԽã
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ĸѾͷһһߡ
һȺ˸ոձӣأûֽģ
ձճһȺˣ
Ƽ̫̫̾ͽѾȫ֧˽ȥϷ˺Ҳͬˡ
ˮģˮأôô
, ѾưжȰ١
ڴߣվԺѾðоһӶ, һСľײ, ˵ʱɴԶ, һ߻ҪĶ
ͬûסŰæٽܣ
Ȼĵطôڲͬ
㣬߽߱䶼ҪŹ
Ʋ, , ȥ׼
ƼһҲں, զ°ǰͦ˿ôôء
ǣ
йѾڷ˺òã

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ûɫ, ·ʪ, ôǳûУɰǵôͽ˫һҪϴɾþһᣬ㣡
ǣƼҵĸֶʼ·
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ڰԺ˷Ӳˡ
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Ҫ䣬Ҫؿŵ׵ĴŮһһȥˡ
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ĺӻûüۿһ磬ĸĸĸĵİɣ絹ǲôģܳסǸСްιȥİɣ
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ûǣ
ô
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Ż~
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ǰֱӽûõŮСؽӹӣҲ˫̥³ɲ⺢ʵ̫ˣһ̫ҽ鷳ǰæ
ಽظţϲãȴۣӻԺҲ˽֪ⷽʶ֪Ǻ³ɲĻ϶ôСһֻġ
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ͥɿƼҺҵŮ춼û뿪ã鷳ȥŵ㡣
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ĵġ
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ãá
̵ͷֻҪجģʱ˿ܽܡ
ٴιϣǸ˶ӣԭΪܿٴϢȴеػҪá
ڣѾѪС㣬Bͣ
ѾЦʼߣӣ֮оֻһBѪʱȻǵʲˣҾϢˣǵø׼ѪĶ
á
˵⻰Ц⣬ձҪɵö࣬Ѿ㸺Ѫ׼š
յ
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
誳кܹȥֵ˵ҵġ
磬Ҫúûչ˵ĸҪ㶩ŻҲһǸܻţҲ壡Ц˵ɫף첲ҲڶĻǻ˵
˵ʲô
誳һѾͰѵܵĿֻҪһھֲ㡣
ˣҵġ
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Ȼ֣ôؿҪһ㡣
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ˣ
ȻǼҵ
ƼҺˣ
ôһ˿˿ΣԭѪһһ
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źöԣ˭䣬˭䣬˵㣬˵ôϻʲôã
ڻڵһ
Ѿֻڸ첲ƤܣѪܣѪһȺ˵ɴ۾ڵѪͲڣʹʹ
ҡͷʹ
룬Ƥܣǩסۣסһɿ
䣬ֱӾͽŹϡ
ǵעЩѪҩš
⻰Ƽ˳ڣܼ̾ȥˡ
Ŷӵڵš
һֱĸ첲ɫ׵ĵţһѾЦϲոճѪλѪˣ̫ҽʰһ£
Ѿ̫ҽ̿ʼ̫ҽһһ߶һۿʲôҪסǧ£֪𣿡
š
ڵͷ
ȵڿԽȥ󣬸սţһֵƣͷţһѾ
лл
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˷΢
ã
ڴ׼õϣŷ˶ϵ˿ڣ絶
ҷȻ˵ǶĴС㣬佫ҳȴǷǳᣬܷܷĴڣ˿ھҲᱻ۵òеģʹιȥ𣿡
ǣûио
ɵ˵˵ĶȴûͣȵҩȥԺʹġ
ڳĬ
˿ڲ󣬵úͿЩ̵ҩۼģ￪˵Ժ˺õ㣬ܴˡ
֪
ûһֵѪԼѪ˳һ˵ڣͻȻһ޵ĳ嶯֮ǰλĶĹﲻͬʱ˿̣ͻȻЩǾͬͬѨʲô˼ĬĬطģԺԲ÷һί
ȵϵ˿ڷɣ￪ʼ˿ڡ
Ƭӵڻ
һƬȡ˳̲סץӣ˱ǲôģʵԸġ

صغһڽˣƹӣоܼסĻţǵһҪע⣬һзȵļ󣬾Ҫ˵
š
˵꿴л

ĺۣѾſţǳȥԵ㶫Ϣһ£һ㣡
ȥɣȥɡ
Ѿ֡
Ѿ߳˵ôÿУһ۾ͿԼ۾̾ЦˣѾһļϣһӽӿϣС㣬ܲܿѾߣҶӶ
ѾͶѾͬʱͷ
ͷ˫Цۣû˵ǶҶ𣿡
ˣˣ
ϷЦ˵˶ڸڣҴǹȥ
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ȻǸһȥ˸ڣȻһȺ׼˵мĻͿĸԷƵٶȽһӷ˶Եһɶ̱ϡ
Ѿͷû°ɣ
Ϸ˵ĵʵɫʱܲá
û¡ҡͷԴϣ˯ͺˡ
ͱ۾˯˹ȥ
һĻˣ
ôۣ
ͥü
үոջЦĴѾͷֵֻʳָƤС϶۵ģֻǴֵģڶֻ۾Сֳܼ˯Ѿܲˡ
ѾϴѾĻ鷳׼һ䣬ҼСú˯һ
Ӧõġ
Ϸ˵ͷ׼Ѿ߷ȥ˯ͥɺѾǰԣǴ㱧ȥġ
һӰǸؽ˱
ٽܣˣΪ˲ѹŮһ·϶ţŶԷ˫֣·а㲻ؾͰε
Ѿͷۡһ˳Ȼ°ͷ
ϧˣС˯ˡ
ѹ˵ġ
ҵǾҪţἤѪ˵׼װε͵͵ˣå

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ô˵Լĺ
ˣ
ϰˣҾѾͷ˵ȫʵ
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Ϣ˵˿Ǿ񣬶˫۾ֱӻצӣˣ
ˣ
ͷͬħڲͣתš

ѵôһŮȲħ
ƼҴ죬ͥɺҲƼ죬ȻǲûйģΣϰʱͽٽܸˣٽܺԼҹŮãеദĻᡣ
ڴ˵ΪʾǿҵǴ
Ȼ׵ʹ磬Ҳֻ˵ķݡ
ڼ䣬ܿ˹ȥҩһʹĺʹųϵصա
ȵ̫ҽ˵ȹΣڣҺƼ˲
ŮŮû£ʻҪġ
ǲܰܵġ
ǣ˺Ƽ˴á

ȿڣҡ
ֻĻû˵ھͱסˣ֪Ҫ˵ʲô˵һŶˣ̬ȳϿҵصǸŽ⣬ǵճӣԺλģҺͷ˻ᣬ滹û꣬飬Ȱڷֳȥ
𾪵ؿҪ˵Ҳ£˺Բʺڴһˡ
ˣ
ǺҪƼҸһͬҲǾԲܳͷΪӵƷˡ
ǷֳȥĻʵѾǺܴƷ˵ˡ
ƷһҪβεӾܿó
ͬǵģǶΪϱҪּңûһĸ׵Ĳܵģʱֻʹ죬ȻҲظԼԺԶϱһҪݣԼŶԼһ
ү⻰ʲô˼аѳӷֳȥĵƷ˵ȻӦ
⼸ǲھεġ
ھ֪ϱŮƽºʧˣر˲ӺŮʱȫŭίȡƾʲô
Ƽҵĺӡ


108 
Ǿͺ룡
˵̬ʮǿӲ˵, Ʒ˵Ŀûһ˿¶ȣ֪ǶŮ˵ԼŮ˺ŪԷĶˡ
ҹŮ, λ, Ϊ㻹ܺúõ
ֱӾͶ˹, ҵĴ, ûб, Ҳ롣
˵һӾͷˡ
Ŷ̶̼ݵŮΪƷ˵ĹϵǨŭ, Ҳò⺢Ѿ, ټ˽ʹŮ֪֮кĸ, ˵һŮԺ, û
ҲΪĿ, ѡ̵ڡ
Ȼ뿴Ʒ, ˵侲취ˡ
ֳܷȥȻõġ
ŮԼܵ, ŵ
ҲϹôûпóԬôװ֪ԷǸţ˵ʲôӦġ
, 
ԼĴӵڱŮǰ¶Էĸ, Ʒ̲סĻ, ʮ˵
, ˵䡣
ղͷ΢ЦؿƷˣѾˡ
Ʒˣ
죬Ҫԣɶһ˫ȫǾһҲ˵

տ֮¡εҶԲס㣬ûпҵķˣҶ޹أǸúӣŽֳȥúչ

ֳȥ˻ԼĶӣȥӺŮʱȥ
֮ǰ飬ǲģɷѾȢô꣬޺ͺûٲãԼȢҲֻš
ţҪʵܲԺȥǱ߶徻ٻ
Ѿˡ
˶û뵽ôҪ˲֪˵ʲôźãǺͬһϣǰϺĸۡϸʰһȵǾͰȥ
ˣ
ǻ˵ʲô
Լҹﲻܼң
Сչ˲úӣ
ڵġ
סôʱԹȥ۵ġ
֮¡Ĭһ£˹֣ˣεҿʱ¡Ҳ棬ҵĹŮԼ˽úܣТ˳֪ºͲˣһΣ˻ǺҼŮһȽϺãһܲף´βһôˡ
صͷ
ǡ
ƷòУʲô˼
Żܹܶϱ
ĵ
ǲΪҹҪϱİɣһ
üס˶Էѵ֣ˣ侲㡣
ǡ
Ʒ˺ǲģĻˡ
ĶӺŮƼңֻĻûгڣ͸ܵԼ๫Щ
ڡ֮¡ڣֹТ˳ţҲŮˣϣһĸģŻˣ⼸춼جΣ°
ڵͷŮڻǺСһֻҪ˸۸ĻԻƴġ
ôˣ
ֱӾ;ˡ
ȵ뿪ƼҸ˵õƷһٿĨĳơ
һӲˣڶҵ𣿡
Ʒ˸оĺʹʵ̫ʧˡ
һ΢ЦڶԷЪʱ˲ˮʱˣûҪͣµļƣţ˵ĻҪãԺС¾Ͳͷ̫ҽˡ
ΪʲôЦó
ղ˵΢ЦӦԣһ˵ʲôûǾ˵鲻κθĵ̬ȡ
أ
վһŵӣƷ˳Ǻһư𣿡
˵Դô˵ǲػ
Ʒ˸ˣ
˵ô࣬ҪǸı⣬أ
ÿһᵽһҡͷСӣ̫ûˣ
ƺ뵽Ժȵ͹үԺ˹¹µټĹǶôļį
жӵûӡ
ôô࣬ôТӡ
һӳ˵¡
ϷҲһƬ꣬Ҷûҵϱôڹƺܲù
ǰ
˸̾òĶӰҪңҪѹġ
˵ͣһ£ҲãϱôĶӣ뵽ŮҲҪעⰡãƢҶ
ҵǾͥͩһ䣬˷׷׵ͷ
ɲǡ
ǿǵճӰ
Ҳ˵ֳȥͷֲ
ҪôҹҲưոݵġ
ʵϵǵۣգ۾Ϳˣ
ӷˣӱˣ?Ϸбۿ˵ӳ׺Ҳֳȥ
ⲻˣӷ˺ӺòãǲܺߣУǲãӵĲҪңƫ֣ѺӸ˴ȥӾȥ滨ƵأŹǮþ͸һɫ鲻þǻ췭ظˣﲻǺ۸ġ
ˣ
ˣ
ͻȻˣ˾ûҪ⳥Ǯӣũׯʲôģ
ҡͷ
ѹСôŴ￪˵Ҫ˵ĻԼ׹ŮôԴ˵ֱӱٸıɱһŮ˽εǴûˣŮ͵ȥ󣬾˵ϷǲµģҹŮһ˵𣿡
ˣ
ĺݡ
ͻȻˣΪԺĶϱʵ̫ˣ̸ЦҪͳ
Ѿͷ
̫̫Ϊĸý̵ĻҪ̵ģ̫ˣôĻ๫ͺˣҺƼǾûأֱӽˡ
Ǻǡ¶Цݡ
ŽĲͬ˷ͬ򸾣ûа
һ˵ĴˣǵôܣôҵӴ㶼٤ţǲ־ʱգʱ簲ŵ㣬˾ͲܰŻû´ѳȥ㣬̤̤࣬СӲҪ̫̫á
ˣ
ûôͻȻúҲͦеġ
̾һ䣬˲ʵҰ
ͻȻֿʼͬˡ
⻰ȥ˵
ֱӷֲۣɵ˼ҶõĴʽôܻû£˵ܺãȥӻġ
ԣ鲻õĻпʹ
صԼķ䣬ϴõڴϣ
ʱϵͳð˳ôôࣿ
Ҵ
ֻǳԱ𣿡
ǰ
ϵͳ׼ʣһ̾ͱˣｫַԴ£ҲɻͷֲԾˡ
ϵͳЩ飬ܸоöʵǻġ

һĿܾͨô
һһļӳڶûаȱʧһƽƽĳԱ
ˣ
ˣ
⣬ֻҪӰڵͺˡ
ǵôƣүûм̳оλʱͷּҿ϶Դվ֮ǰѶӵĻ¶ѾҪάˣһһɡ
ȷ٣
ڣˣƼҸҸͥ˼ʵҾø˵ţӿײþֵùּҡ
պڣ
Ŀܡ
аɡ
˵ʲôʱܿ԰ɣ黹㲻ܺ˵εүүŮðɣʵǿŮƼйˣرϡ
˵ʱ䡣
ͥɿ˵ʱԽٽԽ˽ԼҹŮ뷨ڡ
ľȻһ䣬ҹŮЩ
ҶˣȻʮ˳ֻϢȥʱըˡ
׵ˣǹעľȻǻʵۡ
ʺյϢʱ˲ӵȥοʵۣдżڳϳܶϸģϱͬ飬οСԴĻʵۣ
ڽ˵ûŮ֮黹ü
϶ġ
Ϊ˶ͬʵۣԲȾĻ棬ô˵أ
ͬʱֺǻ֡
ĸĽڽÿԼ۵ڽצеĹǴĻСģӦûĹȵƽĻ棬д˺ôһƬ
ʵ۽ӹʱ쳣ظˡ
жˡ
Ȼ򿪺Цݽϣ࣬ʵ̫ζˡ
¡
Ժ˺üͣʣܲܽ˼ϣ¡
أʡ
޻ȥġ
ôֻһ˶أ
˵ζȻŨɵǶԵġ
ƪҼңҵ£дʵ̫ˣ֪ˡ
£
գۣǰĸ磬Щ鲻𣿡
һӾͺˣ㻹д𣿡
ôܣ
С
ȻҡͷҾ˵˵ѣʲôǲҲ~
˵Ѿǳɰˡ
ڶ죬ľվڳ֮ϣŻؼһҪһ٣
Ȼ֣ûѰĶվͲӦñװɰŪȥˡ
ֱǳš
ʼӹµʷܸˣȻ֮Щθ
ǰ涼ͦá
֮ǰּĵĵֻǣͻȻðʲô
ҵĺӲС·ˤǰһӴģʵģȺĹ㣬һ£޶У
Ż
˶Ǹ棬Ǻöġ
ѡӣŶİϴأ
Щ󳼵Ķ·˦ţӻ˰ɡ
ô֪˭ҵĹģΣ
Ū
佫ǵ
ⲢΨһľϵĴҧ֣ǣϹȻڳܲסѹѡ񱨸ǣ
һαĻʵۣǵڶرʷ˵侳£Щˡ
ȻǷӡ
¶дĳ
Ҹӻصңһһ緹Ψһڶûж
˵Ĺģ˶ûθڡ
Աֱ֣ԷͷɼѲ΢ɿ
żѵ磬㷢ʲô裿´ΣŶ
˵أ
ҧгݵ˵
˭뵽Щθڵ¾Ȼһдģƫƫ⼸ٶٶԵøһĵôİ

Ŀ飬Ȼǲµ˴ԭ򣬡ٺ٣ʲô磬㻹Ǽʶ̫ˣ
⻰ٴ֡
ҲҪļʶ
֣Ŷ
һԣ

˿ˣЦǺǵû
ﴵ˴죬ǲĵģû˵һ
Сӣ
ֱӳ
ͺ
Цң㲻ܹܣͥ״
ԵĹŮͥɾԻ˵һ˵ģƤȳǽĶѾͷֱ侮ʯ˵ʵȷʵСӣ

ͺ
ƽףţ܇NɪܿģҲڣ˺׺ߡ
ҴҵػصԼҵԺӣһ¡
һ塣
ȷʵе㰫
ô
һֱע߰ʳûٰ
ѵǻ⡣
׵Ҳ
һ̵˳ȥͥɣߣ
ͥɣ
ˣڶȢŵķ˺ȶѾͷ
û£㡣˵̧֣ԷԴ
Ǻǡ
˵⻰ʱܲܲҪͷ
ʷһվΪĽéޣ˳Ϊ˵⽨ĸߴƽ̨վȥףǸӣһʼ˽⡣
һʼ
ǵͷ
û
ˡ
ǼҵéǷǳá
;òԾˡ
һ£׵գŵķᷢʲôζ
Ż
ʵ̫Ϥˡ
һ룬ˤ˷㣬˷ˮҪô½ţǷˮûʲôо
Ҳûоֻǰʲôϴһ½žˣʷ˵ôоԼҵĽúܡ
̫ࡣ
ǶЩⲻס
ҲҪϵģé޶ôɾǵôé޶Ȳϣ
ǺܳЧǷǳõġ
ʷ˵ˣٿСشСʱ̾Ͷ˻߼ҳ϶䲼ʥּ˭ҿּ
ҰҰèЩ͢רŵĲǡ
֮һ仰ʹɾĵط
ͼӰĻʾܸˣŹʵۻǣֿǸ£ʷǵݽ̨ʵǿϧˣдäʵ̫ˣΪǵյʶٵÿ
ǣһֳʱдƻ
ʵۿݹĶû֮ǰˣʲôζŵ¡
һŴ򿪡
ƻ֮һ
ʼ֣к
ؿȥ
εǺڣˮԺѧǳһһֻأ̰ʶ֣ҲΪĶ˽ɻ󣬷ɳ͢
ѵǺѡ
ֻǣʵ룬̧ͷ˵Ҫ
Ȼ֪ļƻܾҪŴУΪ֮ǰģʵǺɾܰ쵽ģԷķ
š
϶⡣

öˡ
Ҫõݸٽ
ֱԽ֪Լá
ţҲ̫á


109 
, ؼʡһ»Ǿ׸ԼҶá
ϿЦǻʵ, 𣿡
ߵͷȻҲЦҼҶǷ, û취ǻʵۣУּԣ
иƨ
ʵһӾͱҭסˡ
ҪеĻ, ôܷң, Ķ͵һɶưոݵġ
ֱּ
˰ɡ
ôõĽǰ, ӲҪµĶ, Ĭһ£Ȼܳ, ּǸҲпܻΌּ, ʱܲĽ˰ɣ
ȱ˵᲻ӡ
һʵۺһӼƽ, Ҳġ
㻹ǻȥʰɡ
, ϣҰԺҡϣе, Ҫ˵һ顣
ôô°
ﲻͷ˵ͳ, ỹҪҽȥɡ

ôףͲģ
ʲô￴ԼҴ硣
ںٽܶ˰
ô
ͻϵ㲻᲻֪ɣ㲻𣿡
, 磬, ƹӲġ
аɡ
Ȼô˵, ҲͲٶ, ˵ʱ䣬ص㡣
ҿŵĵط

治ᡣ
Ҳ˵أ᲻̫ɹˣ
ǲ˽࣬ʵȥͣãô룿
ʵ۹氮
˵ʲôÿ˶вͬĿǰɣԲ뵽˵¡
𣿡
ͷ
úþͺá
磬˵Ļĺܷϣֲһ䣬˵˵û˵
ϳ
ϴҡڵȥ
ֵĵط߽ͣȥ
˾רȥġ
ĸϢֱӾը˽ܿʹ
ϴ󣡡
æµ竣Ӧ˵æ͵еôյԼϴߣһ˷ܴ̼ĵʵ˵ڻϽСӡ
⻰˵ú˼
֪ôˣ
ٽתħƤû̧һ¡
Ѿȥܾˣʲô⻰һڣõͬʱڵġ֡
ûӰ컯֮ʲôأǮء˶Էһţ˵Сֲǲ֪ǽֻ˵ݶǲʲô

ˡ
˻˵ϴҾǺбҪȥ
ȻʵۺʲôͬһϴûӶԻʵʲôġ
Ȼ
ٽܾͱȥ͵
ûſڣӴ
ö˰
ˣ
λˣ
ããѹιιֵǣǹϵܸܲǼϴøλð
ֵĽǻͷٽܡ
Ŷ
ǵˡ
Ĭóһõ͵λǡ
ٽܣ
ллҲˣ
ǵǲûϺʲôϾٽܵĳȫ˶ĿõģҪǸһ˿˿Ĳ֮٣Ի˵ġ
ֹֻ֪֪鿴ְ
¡
СˣһȺ˿ʼԲ˵˵ʲô
ҾûϿ϶ڱԼⰡ
Ϻÿ˶ˣûˡ
˵ûпޣ
ıӰûˮ϶Ѿɺˡ
⻰õһ˵ͬһݵĽصͷǺѹѹĺôһƬԴ
ΨٽȫĮⶼʲôʲô
ǵǰûô
ڻʵٶµʲô飬ţûм֪ʵ۽Ĵںָġ
Բʱİն顣
Ůһһʫøж˺ѷεİ鰡
ʵأ
ȫûеľʣƽ˾Ȥ
ϳֻ֣˰
š
ʵ۵ͷǮ壬Ľǲߺ߽ȥŹϣĶ¡
Ǯڳ¯пˮҪȵĻԼݰ׼ҵģȲ衣û˯һ㣬˵
Ǯࣺ
Ȼķ
Ӵ尡þò㻹𣿡ʿſϵ壬ˣ
ͦõġ
Цв٣С㻹һ
û취ġͷòУҲ
ʵúɫСԲ棬˰Ҫ˵ġ
ﻥവġ
˵
Żϣ̾⹷ʵۻùͦ׵ģôһʱ䶼Ҫץ
Ȥ
˵㿪ĵķϻߣ
һȤ
ʵۣ
ȻҲ˵Ƿϻ
ѡԵ
ÿζᱻҪƹˤҪ־㹻ǿ󣬹ƻᱻӰɻġ
˵˵ļƻ
ʵۿ˵Ҳžֻôһ㡣
ߡһ⻰һڹ𣿻ϣ㲻Ϊн͹˰ɣǧˣó˵ˡ
ûʶ
Ϊǰɡ
ʵһЦݣô˼ǡ

ʲôӵġ
ʲôʱС
ҪƿǾҪǿ鱨֯ǣҪʶĶ֮ˣ𣿡
ʵգ۾û
˲żüá
׼˵Ŀ⣬˵ˡ
㲻Ļȥ˵ӳóϲŸϳй鱨֯뷨ϸҪˣ⻹ġ
ʵһ֪֮ûС
ʵ۽ӹȴûֱӿ²ۣʵôţ
һô죿
ҪǱõô죿
ܲе㾯֮İ
ʵ뵽϶ðһ亹
ģ˭Ҫ͵ҵĶ
ʵܰĲŹ֣Ժֱӽޡ
аɡ
νʼ硣
ʵŴϣֻǲŽҳĹֶڲϵزǰдʵ̫ˣȻֻ鱨֯Լƿ֮УֻҪ֪κʱκεص㷢鶼˱
֪Σ
Ϊʲôǳ
Ҳ֪ԼĳؼҺһ档
ﷸ
ȻҪǣΪڵļ£дĶ֪
ԭ鱨֯
һμʱԷĲٺ˵˵
ڻǸʱǵǺܴ
ϸڡ
ĸֵСͼһ۾ܿװ׵ġ
忴ڳĻʵۣ

Щûʵ۶žӵϰ׷ˡ
ǮĵǰǰĲ豭ƿ̫ˣ̵ߴʪеĶ
С塣
һʵۣͣϣһĸѾͷ׼Щ뿪ʱع
ллС㡣
˰
￴ǰ壬ǰɽӰӶûˣþûҸ˵ˣҪ𣿡
Ҫ
ֱ˵
ǵȻʵۿӼлԼ̫ζ廹ԭĵطĿţܹܾȻڸ磬ôһʵͱˣ

ʵ۳ϡ
˫۾
ʵۣ
ʲô
ޣ
ǻʵۣҲˣ˾Ͳ
Ǯ࣬ʲôֱһϵĿɹȥ
Ǯ̾ͻصʵߣƿĲ豭ƻԭλãĬһºվڻʵ󣬿ʼ硣
ʵۣ
ֱ²ۣɣ
ʵûסЦһĵ⣬һ̾ͽסˣԣǻʵۣӦСϽƽϵģޣҲص㣬ΪʲôŰᣬеĶʲôʱʼ
أ
Цʵ
»ɻʵ۳Ĭˡ
Ҳ̫ۣЦ˵ΪʲôʱóΪĿƾٿԣ˶ۼȵԽԺҪǵԾԼϸϣȡһŹ
ʵۿ
µʱĺΪʲô׷˰
ȫ𣿡
Ȼܡҡͷڸ㿴Щֻǵǰ˵𣿱ѡЩ鱨Ա֮⣬κ˰֪ҲΪŸ¶쳣ƾԭȴôô죿
ã
ʵ۵ͷ֮ǰΪʲô
μӻԵȷʵȫǻˣҲࡣ
޻ᰴļƻȥŵġ
νͻȻͰãģѾˣ㣬˵ãҪûﵽԤڵЧֱֻ߳׶˵Ļѹ˦ϣҲɣŲߵġ
ʵ̫ˡ
Ҳȷʵ㣡
ԱôԤ룬õʱǨŭԼ
š
ʵ۵Ĵ඼Ǳ壬ĺ˵Сˡ
ʵۣ
Ļʵô֪Բˡ
ƾڵ̬ȣҲֻ̺òã
Ȼ˵ʲôأ
֪
ˣ￴Żʵۣ˵λԣЩصѧǴôţ
Ҫ𣿡
￴Żʵۣһɵ𡱵ı顣
˲Ű

ԸμӻԵܳʲôĿģһѡĶǱЧ͢·ѵӦǻûбɳЩ˾֮ǰ£ǵ
ЩѧӣǾӢ

ʵһ㶡
Ҫ
˲ӦТ
޸ô
ʵ룬˵Ҳû˻̫ĵġ
ּʥּһ£ſһң룬ЩƫԶط·ǿΪʵ۵ôǣ᲻ܸж
ʵ벻Ϊһעǻʵۣжĺ١
ǣǮࡣ
ģϣūΪ󲿷˶ǳжġ
Ƿ
Ǯ಻֪
ĺΪ󣬱˳ųȴͨ˵⡣
ʵ۷ʡ
Ȼˡ￪˵ֲɵӣϵĹʲôãȻǰźǵʳסУסĿջȫ²ã󷿼ҪֳŵȣƷȫһ
һ˵ͣ졣
ȫǰ߿Ĺġ
Ҫô鷳𣿡
ʵüҲ̫ϸˡ
鷳ʲôвҪȥֱӷۣҲ룬еھǶѵģز죬ô죿ô죿ҴģÿһεĿƾٶѧӻ
ǵǣ
ü̫ϧˡ
ȱˣ
Уϣұ㣬ӽ£˶ڶط˶мԽС˵ӣЩǻоǴİգҲϣǽԺоĲ飬飬Ǹ߸ϵĮɣ
аɡ
ʵ۵ͷô˵ô
գգ۾ҪǮŶ
Źʵ⻰Ķһɣ
ʹĻʵЦ˵û£ڲǺȱǮ
Ǿͺá
룬пգдϸı㣬һʱҵ©ĵط
ڻϿѾǷǳϸˡ
ҲûгóãξȻ
ã
ʵ۵ͷ
￴Żʵۣüͷһһˣ϶֣˵Թһʱ˵ġ
ʵ۷ؿ
ȴָ壬ҸģûȤҲŪһ
һֲ˼
ټԵĲ⣬ʵʮҪܾʮĶ˵˵
ƾٽʹӦҲˡ
Ц˵ˣ˵ǲҲ㣡
ʵ۵ͷǿ϶ġ
ɵȤ𣿡
ʲôûʵ۳ĬԶԣʾ˵˵
ӽ쿪ʼûʵ۶ĵһֱȥԵߵ˲ɽʲôģƽﻹϸĻʵԺ͸һƵĵȵģҪ𣿡

ҲǲףΪյĴ󰡣
ʵۣ
ԡ
ֻ֪˵Щģأ
ԻʹŰ
ĻʵӦúܲȻ뵱֪Ļʵ۾Ȼӵģǻô룿
ʵۣȷΪԼ棡
϶ǰ
Ҫġ
˳ٰʵۡ
ŶɵҪʹֶֶŮһİ
ʵ۵ɴ۾ôðˡ
ֻǸʵӦǺһİɣĵܵѵֶֶŮʵ۰һҪȣҪ۹ҪԶǳǰʱһҪǸܵ㳤ĴȰЦе˵
ʵܾûô򵥡
һֱƲģÿһεֶŮݵʱǶ޲ŪԷֱǶذһöԷӮġ
ΪʲôǴǸǳ򣬵ܵԶǵܵܣһȻ˼ң㻹Ӧðһ㡣
ʵ۹Ʋ֪ʲôĻ֡
Ȳ˵ô˻ֱռݴ壬Ҫ֪ѵܵȻǾͿǴ治
Ǹʱ䣬ѪеٴγΪĹҲǲܵġ
ǻʵ۵飬ʲôϵ
ʵͻȻվ㵵ؿ
̶̵ʱࡣ
Ѳү֮ǰİʲôĶֻǲǰģĿģص㡣
ͳһǾ͸Ŀ꣬ʵҲôġ
ǣڴ߶ģŷѵʱԽԽãԽԽѣ飬ʵһĶûС
ôҲû뵽Ȼôɡ
ţİɡ


110 
û
ӦǴţģ
ܹѪеؽ, ʵ۵ζô롣
ܵ档
Բܵ档
пֻ롣
ʵ۲ͣظԼ, ȻǴôһ˿˿ϣһأ
үʲôǲܵġ
ʵվñֱ, ˸һľͷ׮һ, ԴʱĲλƤǳҩһͨͨ, ʱʱҡͷһ٣һס
̧ͷš
Ǯͷš
ĺһ, վһš
ʮĳĬ
Ǯ, ӽûҩ𣿡￪ʵ
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ͻȻʵһС
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֪õ뷨ԣ侲, ܼ
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ͥһҧгݵ˵ȵĻ¶һ취Ѿͷ޳ȥġ
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ŽĻʵۣϧܹϳĻϷһǳʡ
Ļʵٴννƻһ飬׼˯ʱǮ˵ȻټŵĶòꡣ


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š
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˵ҵˣǵʸӵԣǲͬһ׵ϢټˮԺͬװñԼʮĻĺӣվ̨ϣ۾ɨİգ֪ʶѹȾ˸߲ҵİհ


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׵´һ֪ҪȵʲôʱҲһ޲ȥ

׵ΪɶԷѵõͬһ¶ԷȻ˵ǵñ۸
˷ۡ
ⲻǺԵ
ǲǶʲô᣿
ˣ
ԼҹŮǻ˽
ǲΪþ޾ͺܺ۸ɣ
ѵ
ҡͷĻȻģǣʹڣ˭Ҷö֡
Ѿͷ㲻լֶζţëĥһ˲һҪֵġ˸̾Ҳңլɸɾģڹһô棬һ룬ЩԼҹŮˣɵģûʲôĻ˺᲻ᱻ۸
ֻҪ֣ŰǼõ壬϶˵Ͼû˺õġ
ˣ
ô
еᶼҸжĵĽ￪˵
ǲ̫ס
ô˵ɣþǻԼһŶص֪ÿÿ˵ôҪԼ⣬Ҫģ϶ģ˵˵ġЦе˵ĳ̶ֳ˵ʵǼһ
ˣ
ˡ
ֻ
ףõĲü޹ȥ᲻ᱻ۸ÿǵôü޹ȥ
ˣ
Ц
ĸ֮ý֮ԡͥɺǿӲ˵
ЦԼ׵ҪǶһģ


112 
Ҳģ
¶Ѿͷ, ЦݺˣͥɵĻشɺǰһľͲ, ǾԲѾͷռ˵Ļᡣ
Ʋ졣
û˼
Щ߰ġͥɶԼĶŮǻͷ۲ѣ𿴸ո˵ǿӲ, ѾͷҪǲԸ޵Ļ, ˵Ǻĺܲ
Ϊһף治ѾͷԷ
˵㣿
!
βˮԺ, Եڶ㣿
￴, ൱, һҲȻԪ, м͸¶СڣԼ, , ִ, Ƿǳѡ鱨Աı׼
š
ͥɵͷ
뵽һƺ, ʥüһ, ãͳΪ˽֪ĴʥҪûʲôè, ǲŵġ
˵ʥõͦġ
ͥɲĿ, 뵽
Ȼأ
Ц˵Ż, һ, ĶѾ磬ǿƷͲŻҵ˽⣬ۣĺܺãĻͱ治ʺϼˡ
죡
Ϸ̾ͺǳѾͷôô˵á
֪Ѿͷûʲô˼ǻ˵ʲô
ǣѾͷǰһ𣿡
ͥҲЩ⣬ʲôвʺϼˣ˵̫ˣ
ҡͷ㲻ô˵ɣûǵ麭˭𣿡
ţ
˶ϵ˼ԡ
һµı顣
һ΢Цȵ˵Ҹұ֤һãĿ⿴ǣ߻һ䣬麭˭
ܣ
ͥŵ£춼ûԷѾͷþʳƣǸʱǿ޵Ҫһ㣬ôܻὫ˶ˡ
Ĳģ
ͥͷȻ󣬱ԼҶӣҡͷѹЦˣѾͷǶڿӡ
ģ
磬վıߵģ
Ļ£ֱַ
ʲôʱٽ֮ܺѡվߵĻһ߿ԿǺվһߡ
˵ˣҪҪô˰磡
ȿȣԶˡͥɸɿһ˻
˵һ㶼˽ãǸʱǶ麭˵ģûֵĳ̶ȣɷϣС׻ĳ࣬Ĳʶ׼˵ı麭ϲһ㶼֡˵ͣһ£Ըһըö麭İ飬Ϊ麭Ǹʱҵδԥ˳Լ⣬ѡ麭ĸ飬ʹΥµİʵ̫̫ˣ
ˣ
оԴ顱һӾըˡ
ʲô
ټϼ˶ԣ͸ˣǸʱһΪսʿȫǵˣôҪΪսĸо
˱ʾܻɡ
Ѿͷ
ǻһ£Ƕʱдʫǲر࣬Ҳرã
ס˵һ£ǵǡ
þϲΪ˰ᣬְõıʹ룬ǲЩͷβΪµԣҲҲĶԼȻҲڶҵʱ֪Ļˣ̾ˡ̯̯֣вһ£룬𣿡
Ҫһ¡
˼ѾͷĶֻһ㣬ĸ鶼Լϵģܽᡣ
ԣ
ͷҲ˵òʺϼˣûܱ֤Ķܳã˺ԼɷôһʱϲɵȵʸһٴĶˣǾѾ׵Ϊ谭ǻһֱǰ׷Ŀеİ飿
ǰķ˺붼Ǻߡ
ǣǻǲԸţѾͷĻǿôظӳǽ顣
ȻǲҶİ
Ҫ淢飬ǵʱʲôȥռңǴѾͷأǴأ
Ҫϴʡ
ϷЩòס
ǼãŮкܣҲ飬ϲһ˵ʱϲϲǾǲٶ࿴һۣ˵׼ܿµϲⲻϲɣ׷氮˵⻰;ԲǷ̣ϾʱܳĹķǳס
ǳҪ硣
Ҳпܻᶯģϴĸ棬һĿ̫Сˡ
ֱԣҽòҪˣҪףŵһӦñ
죡
Ϸˣͥɣͬʱ˵ʵͥͩͶҲôһ䣬ֻڱЩɵˡ
Ҿ㣬Ǹҵõ˵ĻҾʹ죡
ͥǺͷۣѾͷѾЩˣҪ⻰׼ִеˣǲŽп¡
ڿˣѾͷȫ֮ǰ麭˻飬˵ÿһ仰ĻȻҪ
Ϊʲô
ﷴʣʷķӲٰõĲʱգΪŮʷҲǲܰ
ʷ
Ů
ЩӵһѶѵģ޷һķ£һͷƤ飬ɫࡣ
˵
ǵľĶܵ˼˺ʱڲ
գգ۾һָҾ˵һ䣬̣׵Щһ£Ǿͻ֣ᷢ
죡
Σͥͩ˶˺֮С
Ѿͷܿ£ɿѾͷҺֵ֧ĶѾͷӿ£ĵԼҶŮˡ
ðɣҲ˵ˡ
졣
ڻȥ·ϣֺǺǵʶѾҽ˵ʲô𣿡
ûС
Ѿ̾ͻش𣬡ֻүǹһʱܲˣһʱ䣬ͨġ
һշתһҹδߵ˲ûͨڳ緹ʱһŨŨĺȦӼᶨˣԲöѾĻʵҾԲַŵĹ
ǣһϣؼҵõ˵صע
ϣ˶
δĺӱ򷢻ԺˣڣЦÿεӣȫ

뿪죬﷢ʲô
Ϸˣͥͩˣ浾Ĭһ£ؿͥɣ˼ԣʡ
Ѿͷ
˵ҲɫģʱúǹɣػСģֻ۵ˮ
麭㻹ǵ𣿡

ȥ峺ĿȾã˭
ˣ
治ǵˣ
֮ǰʳҪ޵ˡ
ˣ
ıѾͷ˵ˡ
ˣ΢Ц˵˵֮ǰͶ˻Ӱɣ

ҲΪ̫˲žò
ĺɽˣ䲻ȢǹӲأ
Ƿƨ
ȥҲͲŸոһɡ
˿ȫ̸İ˼ƵͻȻЩͬ麭
ͥɲ
Ѿͷ麭ô
Ҳ֤Ѿͷ˵ľģģһĺҪ޸
һ˲䣬ͺˡ
־죬һɬġ
˶һⲻͦ
һ

˵һ䡰Ǹ˵̫𣿡
ˣλӳúòÿʵ
òã൱Ӣ
ĳȷʵ޿ɵϷ
ŻΣʫ𣿡
ᣡ
ֱͥӵͷ
úÿвŻͦõģֱӵͷʲôʱܼλӣ

ţ
һҲã˫ǶĻٽ¶
лл
ӦġͥһӾͷ
λӾûʲôȱ𣿡
գ۾ʵ
Цݲ˼֡
˶ˣʵʱѾͷŲĺ档
ͥɻһ£֪ûУֻļͥЩӡ
Ŷ
ô͸ʧ
׵ӻҪġ
ȥ࿴вĹӣ⻹ǵһأ
Ҳ֪᲻ᷢʲô顣
ΣԼʱ䣬شһС׻ӵ´ࡣ
￴Ŷ̾׵ĳоټĲЩĹɱǲһǿ
ɫȹӣͷһˮɫһվ΢΢һЦʣʾĶĸо
߰ɡ
Ȼ˵࿴ͥɻǽԼĶŮϣãûϣҲӰ쵽
ǰ⾯ؿһ۶ѾͷʾҪҡ
̾͵ͷ
ĺ˵׵˵̫ˣĿǰԣȤ˾ǹʵۡ
ǿң
Ĵö԰Ҫء
˳ǱȻʵ۸ǿҲңûϷ
֮ԸҪع۲һ㣬Ŀԣʽ࿴Իʵ䷴̫ͨˡ
ط˴ٹ˶ϲȥĲ¥¥ͬĲҵżŵʮɺϣڲ¥
մʥһ۾ϳѵŮ񣬱гûҪʻҪá
һۣȷˣҪȢĹ
Ȼ
ȽΪʫʶģһ飬Ŀɨƽûһ˿죬׵ӵλ𣿡
ͥɵͷ
һ

ͥɿԼ͵ˣѾͷﾹȻһ㣬۹ж߰
һμ棬ȥѾõİ䡣
˶ò
﷭ۣϧǾûá
Ȼһشʮּûϣϲûио
ԭΪ¾ô֮ˡ
ͥԼҲôΪֱԹΪյ̽νֵķ󣬶ͥɣ˶Ľ֮顣
ͥɿóġ
Ҳ
ֻǣѾͷЩͷۡ
Ŭһ¡
ǣûʹ˵һÿʼͥɰ뷨˵һ顣
ֱӶס
Ϸ˿˵
ʱѾͷԸ⣬ô죿ͥüǼѾһˣѾͷһҪάá
Ϸˣ
һкȲ

ļǣǲ
㲻˵˵ɣ˵˰컹ԭأֱӳ˳ӡ
ߣ
һ
ˡ
ˣƢˣõҪټȻԴһ̧ͷܿ״Цݣף
Ȼô˵תӿʼ
ô㣿
ţ
ͥɿڣһͦźģԼˡ
룬ʵҪöĲѣѵҪһӶģŰʸУҲͿԸԸϣҸãĺôЩ첲գ
ˣ
ǡ
Ͱæ
ֱͥӿڡ
ҡͷУҵãҲʣΪĸ̶ȣܻܲҪŶ
ڶ죬ͥıʳЩݵ⡣
㣺
ûпʮѹȻɫ
ˣʲôԸ⣡
ҼҶͥɾһ£һ䡣

Ǹӡ
̿ˮ
㲻֪ԼܲסԺЦòȥˣǾ仰Ըġ
ش
Сõ
ǣһϣ浾ԼԼ֧ԺѯãеҪѯһҪ˵Ļ
صͷã㣬˵
ģһṫرϲ㣬ǶͦõģǴӡһ㣬˵ҪǶ𣿡
ȻҪ̾˵㲻ϲҲҸġ
Ҳôģֻλʵ̫ϲˣҵ˵ֻҪܵõģʲôԸ⣬
Ļû˵꣬ûˣóİ
ôʹ㶼ӣûͬǽãĺÿ

ˣ
׷ױʾ˵
ˣ
˭Ѿ飡
ţĳɹˣʱֻ
֪ģ˽ľЩˣڵڣǵҪҪλӣô㶯ģ
ȻҪˣ
ҪҪߴأ
ʲô˼Ȼǲߣ˼Ҳ
ⲻǰƭ𣿡
ôƭأôĵĹӣ㶯ģһܸҸȫһˣð
һһ⣬Ǵ㣬֪˽İøϲˣǸԭ㲻ϲ˱ϲģĵģ᲻
ᰡ
붼ͻش𣬡һ㣬һӶô֪ͿҸһˣ˵ǴĻ֪˺ͰΪ˵࣬жôأʲôʱҲ鰡
￴ãԼ˵ģֲ˰
ˣ
ԭһ㶼ⱻƭ
ôڶ죬Ͷͥ˵ʱ䣬ƹȥζԷݣʱָһ
᲻̫żˣ
ͥüʵôԣ͸ıߣҪǳѾͷǰ᲻ᱻ֡
̫Ůˣ˸ʫ棬ͷ


113 
Ϊһ仰, ŰԼ׵һݺݵİƣ᲻˵
Ѿͷʲô
뿪ǰ˺ݻ, ¶ٺúʰ, ԽԽˣҿǷ飡ͥﳤȥ
°͵, ߵĴ磬ֻǱѰ
һ̣žͱһ£ã
ҷ׵, ׸ǲµ, ֱһ߹ȥ, Է㿪, ȭͷȥ׷򣬡ܣ
, ܵø, ڿ˺, ̾ͣ, š
Ҳ֣ǹصظԱ, ֱû˵ʱֿʼ
ֱڹʲôװҪװġ
һʱܿ͹ȥЦеعİ칫ţվſڵٽ, Щͬһ
һ·ûô˵
ٽ˾ħһЩѧ۵ʮֻ, ˾¥İ䶼ûͣ¡

Σ
Ǻѧ, ֻܵ, ĬĬسԷȵյָ𣬡ǲҵãУҲܣҲҪҵᵽҲҪѧϰҵҵĴҪ׼ã֮ٽеģҲҪУ
ٽܣ
Ҳôզʱ
ô죿
ԼĴ磬ֻܳ£
У
⻰⣬תͷͿٽܵ飬ΪȻǷǳģûм˻õĽָʹʵһɹ
ûһžͱˣͥɴ˽
ϸش
Ȼ󣬿ʼ⣬ʲôԸ
š﷢ëȴصͷ
ԣֱİ壬֪һε࿴Ϊʲôûп𣿡
ҡͷһҲǾĴģڳλҲһ㶼ѷɫġ
Ϊ̫ͨˣȱ㡣
ͽ̣˵
ٽܣ
˵ȥ
ô⣬ƫƫ˶úԼǲһҲ
õʲô飬ʲôˣĳ̶ȣжĳ̶ȣĳ̶ȾȤĳ̶ȣԽǸȤͶĸҲͻԽֻ࣬Ҫһֱ߶ȸȤĿͻһֱͣϣЦе˵ĸǴαװģʱҲġ
ڼʥЩ̲סЩ죬Ƥô
ճǽԪ̽ɣȻǲġ
ĻԼе׵ģɾҪôЩòס
һμҪ
һڲ裬Լż磬뼯жҪأֱӸ̵Ӱ졣
ǡ
ͷöԷ˵еЩڵ̫ļѾһˡ
̾ҡͷûŶ
ͥɣüѾͷн֢
Ǵβɹ࿴ǼõûһӡչӣһվǰҲϲסġ
ͥɣ

Ѿͷë
С
˵һ棬麭֣Щƶѡ
ΪʲôҵĹô
㣺
⻰źġ
ٽûסʵ
ǵģ
ͷǼþĳףڲͬ䷲˶ķۣƹӣ´Ҵãͻ֪ʵһر˼ˡ
㣺
ŮжȻ֪ʫȫֻܹܵ⻰ʲô˼
ƹӲδ
֮ǰٷһ
Ȼ㿴ǲŮĴҲûд麭Ǹˡ
ⲻðɣ
ʲôõġۿ㣬Ц΢΢Щ䣬ƹҵδҵþã׽ϲˣҲƹӶ˽һҵļˣҪ˻չһôˣ
ͥɣ
֮ǰʵҲͬĸоһѾͷô˵־ˡ
˵Ķԣ
Ȼ̾͸ˡ
˵ȴɲչӣһ£Ǽòˣҵɽ˵㻹ûʸ飬ԺǶ׻߳˻飬ҲϣܸԵɣǳ顣

еӶҡˡ
ֶûһƲأô˵ˡ
֪ʲô
Цʮ˵һ㣬㵣ĵ鲻ᷢҲҼãԾͲֵţԼƹӣãұһٱУϵİûŲţ
ţ
̾͵ͷ
ͥɺˣǾӦֱӷ㣬ôͱѾͷãˣĲס
ô˵Լõ
ٽܣ
ô˵أ
оЩ棡
ǾסҵĻϲҼҲΪڲͬԣҲͱͨı׼ȥҪǶ£ԺǹȥˣǵúþۺɢǼңҵҴ磬ԼԶĺܣ˵ƲƲ죬ҪҵҴϹŰ壬ΪҾͱüˣҸԸҵıһӣõӵиɫС
죡
ͥɺǳĿ⿴ٽܣΪԼҹŮľ˻顣
Ȼٽֱ֣˵̫ˣ

ٽ֪˵滰˶ףһǰδеķɣҲʹԼĿûô᲻ġ
ֱҡͷϲҲΪǿԼϲ飬ҲϣԷͬ뷨
ĺܺá
㣺
ȻǴľǣôʥվǲ˵
ˡ
صͷ
Ӳô᲻˼
УҾͲ˷ѿˮˣ˵ԼδĿѾ鱾ƿ̾Ųƨɣߵĵӣƹӣһ氡
ã
ٽûоܾ
ԾԾԺԡ
ڱǰѣʲôĴ竣һ㶼档
棡
Ѿͷõ£̲ͥסѵ
ҲһԵͷҲ°
ܲܿһ㡣
ôҵȻ֪ˡ￪˵Ǽһˡ
˶˶䡣
ʱ󣬰ڵĸ˶΢ţԲ۾
⣬⣬𣿡
֪ҪһЩۣû뵽Ȼô󰡣
ͥɺ
ݻݣ
ٽʳص㣬
˷׷׵ͷʵ벻ס
ǾͲ˰ɣҵģûġʮֿ϶˵ֻһĺʮֵĲס
ٽܣͥɣ׷׿㣬ͱһ仰أ
㣺
ΪûҲ뿴Ϸ
Ǿԣ
ֱһϣŵǱֱ߰Ҹӣ㿴ٽܡ
»ȵţһ㶼ûҡΣٶֽѹȥ˵
ĬĬ˴Ĵָ

ƹӣ
һ㣬һ㣡
£˵˾ӦûóȥҿŶǼ氮ˡ
ҸӺٽҲصͷ氮˵ԡĻ뵽ǳǾεͷƤ顣
˵ʵĲ
棬Ҿ˵˵ôȻʱΡ
Ϊݵ￪ʼԱ
ҿԲμ𣿡ͥɣΪõ飬ҪԼһӵģҪǱͬſˣԻᱻЦġ
Ȼ
õʹļ׵ĺУҵõĵ֪谮ĹŮңҲ̫ƫģҲ谮һðǹϵҸ㾹Ȼ鶼Ը
ͣ
ͥͷۣҴӦˣ
ѾͷҲ谮
ڶԼõĿʱ̾͵ͷİš
ǱŵԱĸ
Զŵġ
Ҳ棬ٽܳ˳ӣҰһĽɫ
̾һ˵ƹӣôôأ磬ҲѧѧΪǼãƹ󰡣
Ҹӣ
㣺
Ϲ˼棬۾˵ĻֱɥĲ
ٿٽܣȻһ㶼죬ȫûò˼

ǵƤҪٺһͺˡ
˵
ΪݵǼһײУһָ
ˣǿǿˡ
˶ڵƣԴ˵˶óʵһ÷ǳģԣٽҲܿģֺǺǵسԼĽɫϿеһƴ
أ͵һˡ
úܿģȫ˹Ļʵۻڵ鱨֯
һ߽һһذοԼ
ϸżҪߡ
ڣϣĴ꣬̾˷ϿգѾͷǣ׼
ȻΪˮн£ɲͥɣԼ㶼ش˸ս
ͬİ䡣
еԵˡ
ĸѾͷʼǻױ
ͥɿŲһͱؤϿգüѾͷҲ̫˰ɣѾûؤˡ
ֲ֪
˵
֪𣿡
ұ֤Բ֪
ͥɣ
˵
ûһоеԼӣڵƤڵͷðĴӣΪʲôҪô󣿡
չӵĿ
ΪϷϤЩ˼Ϊĺܴ
ѾǺõˣ㿴ҡҲǺģÿĿŴƻһ죬źֱ۾ͥɶ̲סͷȥȥ⵽ùӡ
Ҿͦõİ
ٽܿԼͷϵ˰̣ټŨúǿŵüëٻüֿ׺һһǺܻܻˡ
ƹӣúݣҿŶ
ллһġ
ٽܵͷ
ϲıݣ֪׵趨ܴܲﵽЧ
æµ
ǲܡ
ƻᱻλ˴ģ
ݣҲص㣬ԣһ߸ױһ߶סˣһҪҲһҪԲ֪ܳǰڨҲиһҪˮЩױƷˮһˮʪˣǾ˵ҼԵˡ
ҸӣؤϿգлٽܿ㣬ͬ顣
һҡ
֪
صͷ
ģһһûġ˵꣬ļ򣬡վҿ
վ
ɫ΢ЩĴֲ۽ĳеԽݣµػźɫ˿ڣɫ԰ף촽ǵɫģĽëüëɢͷϰ벿ɫĲţԴһˮ˿ɰĳִŵİˣмǡ

صͷȥݳĵصλסˣѾǸǰܹʱͿʼǵıݣȥô
һôЩԱУֻѹġ
ΪŮԸκε顣
½Щ߳ܣҲȣֻϣܹһγɹ
ˡ
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ϿպٽܵǺܿģһǰһ߳䡣
Ŷ˵ײˣһƯģΪϵ·Ϳˡ
ȥ
ãɡ㿴Ĵ꣬ľС˿˿ǽôɡУˡ
۾һصͷ㣬˵̫ˣҵ֪
΢Цһ£ǽϴɣĴУǺεȾּ⾳һ氡

˵ͷǵͷ
һӺ浾һѺɫɡڽУӾǶɾţȥһҪ͸㡣
Ǹ浾ü˼úߣ㣬ȥϷ
浾Ц߽ʱԷգ߰ɡ
˵
ѡĳؾҲԶ͵͵ŵĴѾǿҪʱһ̵شѾ׼ĸλԵܹ
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Ļ£һɫɡݻ˵ıӰڣʼûж룬ֻǸ̾λǿǿıӰ͸űˡ
Ȼһ̣·ǸܵעӣĹӻͷ
գ԰׵ɫ΢ۿԼ˵񣬻Ŀ޵˿ڣɵľ棬һۡ
Ȼǹ¶һĨͬһ΢Цصͷ˶ԭأֱĶĿֱֱضıӰһ˿һ
ȥ
Щż˵
˵Ѿ󲽵ȥ
ﲢ⡣
浾ͷԼҶãһ䣬ãϲģңҲϲ
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ɫþǱǣһ
㣬˵ʲôҲѽ
˵꣬Цظȥ
ʱڰĬĬעҸӺ浾һ飬ȻҪٳˣҲĨǵѾͷ˼ɿô׾ٵؾϵĸӡ
ͥҪȥҡҡԼҹŮļѣӣôİһͱİ
Ȼ
ûѣҲԸѣպƵģһСš
ȻͿλڽԱŵؤǰͣ£Ӳ濴壬Ǻֱһ


114 
ճյ, һ̣¹ɡٵؤͷ, ˮһȫ䵽ϣλõˮ⣬ɢ˿ΪĶ濴ȥ, һĽëܿ
Ѿ﷢ˡ
Ϊÿһô, ؼô
Ǻϲ
رڶԷ¶һůЦʱѾĿڣоԼЩⲻס, Ҫ޸ͷӿԺ, , , Ҫס
ôΨĻʱֲ֡
Ӵҵ˭أⲻǴչ˵㱻ϳţ޷, ǿݻ˵ٽ֣ܳ, ȫ¶šҲǺ, Ҳ硱Ƿģ, ȫĳ
칫ӣ
㽫ɡݸؤشк
һ¹ɡܵؤ, , ٿһͻȻֵ, ̫, ̾ƿ, רעض¹ӡ

ٽЦʮֲ˵˵Ļ
ͥɸһһҵվԱߣʱʱӦ䡣
ǵݡ
ǹڡ
浾
Ӷˣүѽ˾Ȼ磿
ǾȻҲŶĺ֡
ͣ
ڿʹǰ۸˵ĳ棬ûסЦ

һЦҲ̲סˣʵ̫Цˡ
ҵͲҵԱһǷǳĬЧһغá
ˡ
ͥҲòȥ
ϵˡ

ڿȷѾͷãˣʲôѾͷã£ǼٵģԼ棬ȻôЦô
Ψһҵٽܣ
ʮ
ĸ֮ǰ˵һҪרġ
һһضǾԲЦһ
أ
ԼЦô޹˼ɣͲӰЧ
ŪˣƫƫԸôͺ
˵ﶼĻôǽˡ
Ȼҥ˵Ǹӣһ㶼ףǹϵ£ʱĵģΪʲôھ͵ӣȡ
̫ˣ
㣬㣬̫ˣ
˵ʣأûİߵĳȻЦó¹ǺÿҪ
۾һ
ҲУ
ǱֵþԽĿӢˡ
ҸӱͱͿڵʱѾκεı仯ˣûס²ۣѾͷã۾Ϲİɣ׵״綼ϲ
̫ʧˡ

浾ƴЦ붼;ܾһͲǡ
㣡
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Ȼ浾ֻʮֵʧǲҰ
˵ͳ˹ȥ
ɫǻ裡浾ãòһ
ᵽĵͥɣ꣬ΪʲôŮǾͲ㰡
һģɲϣеǻ۶ڸдʫˣѹ
ǰĳ⻰浾Ƿˡ
ס֣
Сȥֱվǰ
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˵ʵǶֺһƹȥĸоûӰΪһȭͷסҳ
е£
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оƣ
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ʱȫ˵
ʱٽվӴСﳤò
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Ҿ͹ô죿˵ٽܻ˶Էһ¡
ӣߣǣҵǧǲҰôģ˵¹Ѿˣôñ
ߣܽ
ͷʮּᶨ˵
ߣȥ򡣡
͸Ķˣ¹ǿӲ֪Ϊá
ΪŸܲܡ
˵ߡ
Ҳߣߡ

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ٽܣ
Ȼ˽ԣûо籾̨ʣɺԤϵһģһ
Ҹӣ
ĺǸûߵĹŮã
ô£
һʼͦ˵ģôԽ濴žԽüĿ顣
ͥڷ˼ĪԼοˣҲǸġ
ڵЩˡ

Цøӻˡ
浾Ҳ̲סǳ鴤õʲôԻ·õôһܲʵڲУҲʲôط󺰾ҲܳЩòã
Ҳ֪˶ãٽվˣǽ˭ߣϣץȥеĸﵱСŮĸҵС檣
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⻰ٽҵ˵
ͻȻٽܺԼѾͷˡ
޳ܣ
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һ䡣
㽫󣬡վԶһ㡣
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һϷãٽȫЩѿģʽдһչӣһԿţȫƲסСĸΡ
򣬿ɵһԿž;ú
ۿٽܾҪܣҸεٴϳЮԼŮã㣬𶯣
ȻͣȻһš
ԷǳΨĶףѪ
չӣû°ɣ
۵Ӵứ±ƶ̲סϵ
û£칫ӡվ촽ʺ֮⣬ղһ㿡ʲôλ޹أ
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ġ
￴ԼҲŶȣ˵еİ칫ǰɣǲˣĴû𣿡
򡣡
һ⻰ٽֱӾͱɫ˺üΣŽͷֱ
ݵÿ
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ЦݸӲá
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ôûз֣׵ʹôأ
ĶӵıӰǸóеĴǶһ
ĳְæʲôøмģһЦݶûֱӱ㣬չӣû°ɣ
ǽһᣬİĽһ㶼εġ
£˵Ҫãþա
ӣӣ
ѾݵС˳ˡ
һϷɢչӵıӰʲôһ顣
˵ٽܺҸӸ뿪ѡĵطӭһȺˣˡ
۾һС
һ˲;Լݣݡ
ȻǱסˡ
ʲô
ˣ׷ǣ
˵꣬ٽܵø졣
ͥɸҲһʮֺµı顣
ȵܵÿʱһȺ˲ţ˵ĳ࿴ŲǺ˰
ţͦ˵ġ


Ȼ󾭹ǵĴʢİ汾ǿ׼ƨĶӡ
˵λ
ͺס
ôġ
ǿ
ȫЩ
һȻϵֱӾ
ϣ̲ͥסˣѾͷ㣿㲻ǵ˭𣿡
㣡
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ͥɿһ㶼֣
һ̾
ʲôùŮ˰ɣˡ
ȻܲܣһɴҪ˵ѾͷͲ̫ɺûпһʼžͲģӦϣôôٰ
⻰˵ù˰ɡ
Ҳܸӣͥɵ飬ô˵أ
ֵͦġ
ܣֱҡͷչôãôôܻл˼㲻ҪС֮ˡ
ã
ͥˣһȥ޵ʱɱҪ־͹
һ׵ı飬֪ʲôʼ磬һ䣬ν
ºٽܻ˵Ժǵô˵ġ
ú棿
š
ٽܵͷ˵ûȷʵͦġ
˭뵽ıʥսϵ㾹ȻǸˡ
ҸӣҲû뵽һ˵ҲŹŮ֣Ǻµ꣬żʺ͹ֻˡ
а
οôͶˣϺʵ̫ˡ
š
ٽܵͷȥˡ
ȥͷ⡣
˸ǷԼǲǵһ£ܿͽ硣
ϰʱ˹Ļʵۣʼд鱨֯ļƻԼʹһЩС顣
ʵ۽ӵʱЦʮֲá
һ
ûֿʼ˺٣ɫԼ˫ַ
ڳ˶⡣
ֻǮ̾ôͲ㣬ⶼٻˣôܼӡ
ʵȷʵǷǳ
Ϊдʵ̫ˡ
Щ붼벻ġ
ʹĽ飬Ҳ÷ǳãȥʲô˼ڲͬġ
ʵͬʥּʱ̾

еæˡ
Ӧʲôأ
ͨۡ
ѡеİͷ죬ԣȼ˿϶ţصĻ֪ʶ
ӵʱǸˣȫûж룬Ϊǹ֮飬Цذ˵ģһ˶ԸԼˡ
ԵĹܻӣ
˵ʵʵǳƹӣȻܹףͲһһûԱĹˡ
űʱڵ衣

Ž룬һˣһ£ƹأ
Ҽðɣ
أֱӾ͸Ŀڡ
ţ
㽫Źϡ

ָŶλá

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ǸǣԼĿ﷢ëóӣȣſ˵ʲôֱ˵
չӣδʲô㣿
㣺
⻰ʵãǲЩˡ
ˡ
ﻹǾ̸ˣֱӽһʥּ˹ȥ
㣺
ʥּ
˼
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ʥּܸ
պӣ˿ı飬ֻϧЦʲôʥּһȻӰ죡
Ӱʲô
ԣ
Ҫ侲
Ϊʲôġ
ĪǻϲǼٵġ
ѹͲϲңǿҵֱӿ˵ЩҥҲǹɢȥġ
̧֣ȵȣȺȿڲ裬ѹѹ
˿棡
˶֪龹ȻǼٵģ
룡
ֱСɵǣһڽǰĲˮȸɣҿʼ𣿡
ͷ
Ӱʲô
鱨֯Ҹ齨Ժͳ죬ֻһ˾Ǿǻϡ
ͷʾˣʲô
̽鱨ĳд󳼣عԱȵȣκεķ紵ݶҪ֪̰طԣ׷ȵصĹעǲ׽ã鱨ṩϣŵ˴ֲһ䣬ԺҲҪ
ֺһ衣
һ˲࣬ϹȻҰĵġ
һʱ
㿴ǰ𾪾ͻ𾪣̫̫ܵϸҲ̫ˣһ⣬ҺǲҲļƻ֮ڣ
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㣺
˵ù
Ҳǡ
ɱȰͰصҪ̼öࡣ
һлл㣡

ôһŬ
ã
ھǵæʵ۶ľӶİţεûֱӳ棬̸㣬ѵˡ
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ҪѧĶҲ١
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ÿ궼ҪһΣʲô˼
ǴԷǼƽԵǺûȡ
ʷһοʼʵ۵ּ⡣
ʹǿˣҪд
ҲǴ˼ҵĵܵܣ˼ҵôܹС
ֻҪΥɷǶ԰ݡ
Ժ˵ŴĵλҲ⡣
ⲻ֪Ѿ·ϵʹյһ̽Ϣһɴ۾
ʲô⣿
ʵ۾Ȼϲһӣ
ΪһŮӿ޵ϡﻩ

̫ףˣ˵˵𣿡
ܣԲܡ
ĻʵۣؿԼϲŮӺͱ˶ףᣬ̫ˡ
֣
̫һĸͬĹһŵ˵˵ǲǼϢǸ᲻⣿
һȺֿʼ
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˭ȥ̫ӻûпڣһʮ꣬Ű£ϵŽŸβһѱվ˳ȥ
̫ӵ˿ȥ
һҲ֡
Ϲұŵû󲿷ֶԴִһеľֳǰϹôܻ᲻ҡ


115 
̫Ż, ɫ׵·ý˿ϸӸ߹ͼ, Լѥ϶Ƕҫ۵ĺɫʯ, ټӢգмλ, ˿⣬Ǯ, һδ򿪵İɫ, ΢΢һЦ, Ϲӳ, һûġ
Ϲһ, ɫŰȻ̫ӵĻûһ˿ı仯
ֻǣ
̫ӻһת, ҪĲǰ׼ʹŽһ, ڳſ, ٹԼǿ, ǵĻʵǶôķ, ϲĹﶼˡ
ܿˣҲ֪ǵ, ˲ž˵ס
˾ͽü
Ļһﻹл·
˽⵽Ĵ˱͢Щսթ֮ݺ, ʮֱɵֶβʹȫû, ͳ͢ĳ, ʵԼ죬޹ģôһ᲻̫ˣ
ҿֱץ˻ʵۣ
Ϲ˵
̫Լ͢˲⣬Ľ飬Ȼʹһ¾ˡ
ôһưոݵģʱ˵սҡ
ȻǴ´̣ǾԣǺʱ
У
ֱ̫ҡͷ
ץ
Ϲֿڡ
̫ӿǿԣȻûЧãΪʵεĳӣҲܴһ¶ԷǾͰϹˣĻֱɱˡ
ϹҲ˼һʱ䡣
˵ת뿪
ʹŶԱ٣ǻҳԱʮλ˵
ȵϹ뿪һȺ²Žôѹǽһȣһ϶ɷЦݡ
Ϲܿһƥٵسķȥ쵽ʱʱ˾͵ǽϤĳǽǰҲûʲôķֻ֣ǣһĿһ˿ʹͳޣǸǻڵĻ֪ؼңڳſڵţˬִȰЦſ˫ǰ
˷ǡ
ү
СϹൣĵغһ
û£߰ɡ
ڿ쵽ŵʱϹǣİߣȻ󣬰ұסˣǺɫĳǽôжԳƵô£
ô޴
ô죡
ô죡
شͷβһӭʹ棡
ϹϹࣺ
ʵӻ
ʲô
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ǣ
ĬãϹſ˵
ߺͳſڵʱ֪Էϳ죬ž衣
ŵвҲԭ򲻵ѵ£˺޹ˣԣֻҪԷ֣Ҳν
Ȼ˪¶ЦݣϣϹӣӭؼң
ôһ仰Ϲۿãſ˵лл

ף뵽ʲôһ㣬ѵϹӣļסϹˣﱻ͢ˣֹ֪𣿡
Ϲסˡ
ļ˲ȫͷ
סˣѹżģԴʵҵļ˻˻𣿡
סˡ
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Ϲ
ܸܵԷ˵Ļ
ǣô
˽ȫһ
ӣҪȼǡ
Ϲཨ
á
˽ǣŸɾĽֵİϴ඼Цݣ⣬⣬뿪ʱ
ȥҪ··
̸ŻϣٽܵİԣЩ˵ĴţǿóǾͨϰգǰİյô
̨
ԣԣ־ǡˡվһںڵĳΰǰ֮ǰҿε˾֣
һȺ˾֡
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У
ػش
ܺãд֡
Ϲͣ½ŲȥһһСͬŲ£˵ע£ûаľɬһһдú棬ֳִֻһǳѧġ
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ײɰ
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Ҳһ
˵κ˶ǿºָͣʹˣ۸ر˿ģţ϶ãǰô
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ʱһӰӴͷɹ̧ͷһŵӴСĸζͣ˵ĳֱӶ׼Լ״ıģɤӺСģ
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ܻովͲһ㣬ͱԷĨ˲ӣЦôһ㶼ףɢעܱܲ찡Ҷ챻㺦ˣ
Լղң
Ȼô˵Ŀ⻹ǽضŴеˣİѾ׼׼ʱֱ͵Ϯ
׼
ϹֱӾٽָԲ˴Ǽҹӱġ
Ҳ
̾ˣһֻҲͶװһ룬ָŴ򶷵ĵط˵ӵˣƨƨ¶ˣ
ϹΪ˵ԼӣȻţɻûסͷȥ

ɰСܵܣն񶮲
ôţĹȥȴǰ㶼ûͣ
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ôһĹвٽ˹
ŵű֪ˣԼڴ򶷵ˣȫûԥֱӰεϡ
Խ̹ǵġ
Ǵġ
ʵ۵ġ
ÿһʮҪǴʧһҪϧȺŹʱԲҪ
ɣ
ϹŰ˵ܵĻǣڶԷϵҲ⡣

磬㣬ҶˣؼҳԷ
죡
Ĺָˣټİæܿͽץסˡ
ڲϵʱϹûһ˿ĺģֻʱѾ׼ԲģûȨ
ǣԴһһת
ҪѾˡ
һ̣߾ɰ
Ϥ
һϹϣȻΪǻ䣬¶̾ͱòҲ̶ãΰĵط˺ɫѪ촽ѾˣϹЦݲõʶʧ֮ǰǿҵֱʹܻӵ
ǿ߹ĬĬ˵ȻŲˡ
Цؼ·ûпѪһ㣬Ц˵磬ߣҶˣؼҳԷ
ȥѺ󣡡
ǣ
ӹȻ¡
ǡ
ܴӦԷӵָʹˣţӲǡ
Ǵŷ˺෴ķȥԶɵĸСë¿Цȵȣٿһµˣ̾ôô벻ء
صңûἰ·ϵ顣
ֱڶͥϳ֪ŵʱݺݵصһۣôΪʲô˵
ʲô˵ġ
Ц˵ڵְλʱڶĴֵʱ׼ˣҲ㲻֪֪ģڼˣαǵأ
ͶѾͷĴϻܳôࡣ
ͥ˵ʲô
˵
˽ȥϹ
ȫֳ̱Ĭһ仰˵ҲżΪ㲻˵ûϹҵ˶ǵƿ֮У֪ζʲô𣿡
ɣ
ЦǲûĴʶˣ
˵ͣһ£ûжóֵķϣҸһᣬԲƽĴɱҲԷ㡣
ǲŹģϹֱ˵˼ԣңһɱġ
Ҹ
㲻𣿡
Ȼˡ˵ϹĴɫĵӣҲǣܺ˾ͽһ֣ȷʵǳɫΪΪ㲻ûͨ㣿ǵŶΪ㲢ûз£
Ϲһŵı顣
Ĵ״˹ȥеʱ䣬ֻһһŪʮΡ
Ϲվ
ֱߣߵһʱͣϹǴˣˣ
ҵȻǴˣ
ס仰Ц˵ҸԸɱΪ˽ǶҪ
Ϲסˡ
ʱо˳衣
Ǵ
һֱΪļңǴ
Ϊ˽
ɶ˲ǡ
ǲˣ
ȵȡӰʧʱϹˣҪԸΪǻʵϲĹҪʹʱڳǽϣʵۣ
üͷòſڣΪʲôûô
ȻãǸӣҲǸҼҵ޹أҵԭǲ޹֮˳֣ûлȥһȥġ
֪ˡ
ͷҵ


116 

ǿ϶ġ
á
ΪϹ˵, ԱͲϲӵ
ֶʵ̫ˡ
Сģϲ̨Ҳó
ֱڵİ칫Сͤӣٵؽ˵һ顣
ϵü, Ц
㻹Цó
û˵
ΪʲôЦӿˣʹŵһɳľȻôһСɰ, , ӿôð
Ͳ±˹ڳǽϣ
һ, ˹ȥ, , 侲㣬ʲô°, ˵, һûбҹ, رǳǽ޺õĵط˼
ӹˮ, һҪĶãʲô
㣡
˵˾Իᱻŵġ
, ⲻģΪԼܴ, Һ͵ǰצ˲, , ֻаķݣ˵ҪöԷʶ, һζЦ, Ҳ̲ס, ܲ㣬Ų㰡

ЦҲд
Цòã
ˡ
ѾˣȭͷӲˣˣҪըˡ
վֱ壬Ȼ̧һĨ࿪״磡˵

ˡ
һ˵ãڿʼ߱Ҫ˱һӽ㡣
ţ磡ɣ
صͷ԰
Դĺ϶ŵġ
˼ﶼҪȥؼҳԷҪǸܣҾԻȵģ˵ġ
֪֤ܡ̲סЦ׺ݵģǺ׵һģһ
Ц˾ͲӦ£磬Ҳ̫ˣǽָʹӦôҪ¡
ţ

ѾȷˣϹûа׶Բԣ￪˵ңҽϺúû
һ£ŵͷã
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˵ͣһ£Ҫǵ׵Ļҡ

ȥʱˣǰ˲ãǽĴʼˡ
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ҵ״أһҪ𣿡
Ҫ
ǱųȥģҪֱӽˣջ߽˽Ȼ²Ҫֱ˵˳ָһ˱ʮоٽĸ
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ȻЩվڵ񣬵ǣò˵ĺ˧
ʲô
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ѵѾ֪
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ϣ
忴ȥˣЦһ䣬¡
˶붼ȥ޻أʮģץС㣬ǽͷҲΪ˺С㣬ƣС㻹úܴ̼
ɻʵ۵˰
жҪˣôһܹ£Ҫ֪𣿡

⻹û˵
ǲˣð
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ʵۣ
Ǯࣺ
壺

תþǿ졣
ԼٶߵʹԼʱûмϹ˶׶༪ˡ
ʵϰ̫ڵˣϹ
̫ԭ̫䣬ôЩ˵Ķ֡
ҲΪǲ׼
ϹʿȻҲսթֶ֮ˣ̫˵ƷôҪϾ˭еǺõĻǻģֻҪþС
λ
ǣ̫պĴˣЦ˵ʱ鷳ǳ
˵
Ϊ֮ͬǴһİ£̫ӵĹ˶һҲҪʶһ¶ǧ𣬲̫ү˹ҳǽ֮⣬ǿܻʲôϣ㲻Ҫ⡣
ڳкü˶üͷ
̫ϵЦԣ㣡
ô˵Ѿ⣬ȵ³ɻ֮ʱҲǵڡ
ֱ̫Ĳã޳̫ܵͬҲϲ
뵽Ǵ˲кİա
š
úὫǧС
Լˡ
ʲôϵ
ֻҪΪʵ۰µĶĵˡ
ͥɺ˲ţԽԽǿġ
ͥͬյϢֱӶ˵Ҫȥˣ
ǲУ
ֱӾܾ
˶ŵӰôΪһЩ۾Ļ˾ģҾԲġ
ϣҰԺνǽ䱸ɭϡ
˽ͥɶţﶼûҵȥ̽һϹǸСɰ
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ȷʵǣ
󳼰ҸӶͷҪΪʵۣע˻ࡣ
ҹ£ڵλǰ˼ʵɡ˵ʵ۵أ޾Ҳֲʹر̫ӡ
Ǿ
˻
Щֱ̧ͷؿ˿ȷϵĻʵûб˵µ¡
ʷǵ˫Ѿðˡ
ǵŭ
ô˵Ļ
Уǵýѣ
ϾĻʵۻ϶Сģһ룬ЩСǴЩʶ壬ͻĵҷܱȵϵ𣿡
ף
кģ
Ǿһ̡
ǿ϶ǵİǴôǰĻңûͳԶңӵŮĵλǲɺġ
˽⵽ģǴ̫ӣǣһ룬Ļʺܺ޵ĻʺᲢ޵Ļʺں˵һĻʺأ˳Ҫ˼˼
ǣ
ʵ۵Ҫ˵ʲô
Уô֪Щġ
޵ŮУճĴӾǻλ̳ˣʵּ̾һ˵̫ǵճɻʵϲĻӣ˵͢һĹԱȻ֧ӵʵۣ룬ɲ£û´ĻʵҲ׳갡
£
ôֵģǾ;úǻʵ˵ܳ裬Сͻʺ޷ġ
ԣ룬̫ܳǲǺܿ
ʲô
ϾȻ̫ͬӣ
ûհɡ
ԣ޾ˣҪҷλǰ֮ǰ˵ĻǶס𣿡
ʺİǣ
֮ǰܲиΧ
˵Ļʵ̫ˣǲָ֪ʲô
ϵĻʵ¶õЦݣĵһľԴ
ľԴǣ

ϵԽԽ粻ˡ
Ҫѣ˷޵Ŀˮ˵֣꣬Ǯ࣬裡
վŵȻʵۺȲ貹ˮܿ죬ٴ𣬡ȻĻʵһȺТӣİûдҲǴİգ̫ӣҲ޵ĵܵܣίŻǧ߿࣬޸˵˵ôĲܣ
ľȻ
ϡ
ˡ
ֱ˵Ŀģϻ
ԣ޾ˣ̫ڴǵӵã޻һһʳǣٱ۸
Ĵ̾ˡ
£
ЩŶһھҪ̫ӣҪʲô

Ǻǡ
ȫ顣
һЩٺ»ȫµүҪ̫࣬ţ´ԣһҲû⡣
ؼڿ̫ϡ
ʱվںĴǶĬʷҲͷسǳˡ

ʵۼ̾ʵΪĵܵܶһЩɱϾ˼ңù̫飬޵ǺѹΪЩܿҷˣճֶŮܡ
˵ؼ۾̫ģôҲûмᣬһֹô޾͵ һʳָӲ豭մ˲ˮĨϣԴ˵Ǻİ
Ǯࣺ
ϣ᲻̫Ҫˡ
ǰ˹ȥϵ˵£ū֪լʺ񣬼ܿ࣬Ҳ̫ģᣬҪġ
ʵһѳӲ
ĴǺ޲ܹԼĶ䡣
ǵıѾǵһˣǻӦ˰
Ǯࣺ
Σ̾ӿͷ
УҪúĥĥѧϰһ£һһᵽϵ˼
Ҳʹ𣿲ǣѪ
ʵ˵øӿš
ǣ
Ҫ̫ҽ
ô룬ȴ˵ûסСЬˡ

µۺҲԽԽСˡ
ϣūλһ׻ϵ˼ǽѵġ
һһ͵ģԭסسﻹܲףվͶӢʴȣ̫ڴǶõİţ°΢ͬ
ֲ΢е佫ϱֻ֤ҪȻţԲ̫ٴλص಻Եĵط

ȻǸĸ󳼣⻰˵̫ˡ
ãã֧֣̤ʵˡ
سվס֤һ̫
Ҳˡ
ãǲ޵Ĺ֮
˵꣬ʵЦװʷǣǰ޲һͱưͣǰЩ˵죬޵ʷǣǶ޽̫µģǴİղ֪޿ɲϣʲôԣͰˣ
ܿһƪһƪµʷǣ˳뵽¹ǵĻһ̧ͷͦأͬսһ˳ȥ
ϰʱĸѾߣʮƺƵȥ
ڿ쵽ֵתǴһůĴϮ
ԣ
ζԣ
˵ĶһһʱסֱֱֻصأٽڵʮҲʮֱص¡
ǣ
ԾؽһһͷεģĸѾŤŤ˹ȥ
ĴϢƮ
磬⣿
̫ˣ
ˮãЩСǣӴְۣ
ĴĶˣ°ӣɱ޶ʱ˿˫ĿⶢĸѾߣؿ
ΨһֺڽϺƶ磬ȷҪһˣ
һӶǿûİá
Ҳˡ
˵Ҳ
˽ʵͣϣ˵ﳤÿ
һ̡
С˶ֱ۾¶õЦݣ˾òԾ׼γѾˣÿ˵ĲټѵӵĲҽУ磬мˣ
ϲⲻ⣡
￴˵ĳ࣬߰һһ
ֵǣƴˣ
ϴĻһ£׺ݵؿȻرͱһǹ˼ɵڣһȷ˵ӣȻѾ䵽żǿ϶ģӵôˣ˵ﶼûš
ˡ
͵͵ػˡڡ·ٴγȥϹ
˭
Ϲͷβ
˶٣
￪ʵ
óϹڲܣϵǿװģ۵׵ĺȦĸƭ˵ġ
ϹĬ
ǲǲţ
ʡ
Ĵ죬һʱҲ꣬ΪϹҵˣ˵˵ñԩһ̸
ϹԺһЦһλ˵˺ü֡
ǺᣬܽЦˬʣԸֱˬֱ
ֱӽݸʱ뿪ܺҲȥ͢Ϊ˰Ǿͻ˴Ĳ
˵ֱվӸµؿϹǸˣȷʵӦʹ࣬Ϊļ˱ͷΪǾȡǻãЩܺ߼ͻ˵ʲô˼úõ룬ǲ֪ô죿һġ
Ҫң
šͷ
Ͳˣ
Ҳûץ㣡
ȵϹǰľڣһ·ô߳ʱߵСˣȫ֪˵ʲô
һϹҲ𺳡
ô᣿
ôõôܻ᷸Уүȥ飡
š
Ϲصͷ
Ϊ߳ȥĽŲѾصˣȴû뵽󱳸Ķء
ʷһϸ̨İǶըˡ
ʲô
ϲĴ𣿡
ǵģ
ʷǵǺģϰվϲȾĹﲻͬϸ룬к𣿡
ϰҡͷ
ûУ
Ǹӣҵ˶űţǸӣҲǴķӣǶôݣƾʲôԸ
û
̫ˡ
ǰڲͬǷӣϲ֮⣬ǻ뵽ʲô


117 
éޣ
ʷһ
صͷ
û, éޣǶӦüסġʷܴ󣬡û, ˶òôɾéޣҪûչһǮǰһСȴҪڳǽ, 𣿡
Ǳǳְ
ɥĲ
Դ˻Ϻѹ, ʧԼʹģ
ʷǿʼʵ۵̸֮, , Ҳȫ̫ӡ
ž˵һ, ˡ

ǵĻʵ̫ʴˡ
ʷҲû˵Ǵ˾ôֱ, ݣ
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˺ҵ̫ôûյϢ
֮˵Ļ㱨̫ӣ
Ӷǻİɣ
ˣ
˿о˵̫ӻܳ, һ볯ֵ֧ɫҰ, ɪɪ, ҥ, ҥΪӶԻλôһ˿˿뷨ڴ̫ӵĵλǲɺġ
еˣ
ͺס
˭˵Ǵģ
ĸµĻʺδĹǵﾹȻǱȺĴڣ
ôܣ
ıһı
̾վ̬֣һǴ˵ıƣţҪ䣬Ǵֻ֧ġ
ţ
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ĶЩһ
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ºˡ
޾ͻ뵽һ˵é޾ͻ˵ĵ£ٶûгԷԼ๫ʱ򣬡үͲܹܣŵĶϱ̵ס

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·ƽȴĺź
ûϹҵˣͲôıˣ˻úõػţһļͥҸ
үȥ
ϹѹоԼҲֱͦˣμҪССѹϣĸоʵ̫ܡ
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Щţ̫ĥˡ
š
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Сɰ
˵
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Ϲͷ
ã˶Ҳôδڴʲôע⣬ϣܱİȫģһٺ»ģ֮ԻͬһϹΪֲæԼûжõשͷ
ʱŵô˵ġ
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ɵ˲żԡ
¶飬ͷϻһ顣
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Ƿ٣
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ڵ˵ҲС
л
Ϲû˵ҪǮĻģһȥġ
šͷ
ٽܵ뿪Ϲ֮ǰվڵģҲѡһλãȻһվ
æµʱعȥ
·գ۾͵ʹҪǰһ죬ʵۺĴһȷж룬·ûпİı飬ǲʧĶԲԣ
ּ
Ρ
ǵı£ֻӡ
³ʷǺøˣŵĹԱ۴СС˳ȥԱ࣬һһֵ˵ŻϵҪ
ɾ࣬˼ʶһ´˵ͣ
˵ֻʱչΪ˵ķò

ЩǰĿƾپѾ˵öΣѾܱˡ
ڹԱ뿪һ˳ǿſڵĽֵţ⣬ɾһƬҶûУٻͷԼҵķݣٴɨһ߰ɡ
ʱ鷸ߣǰģһȡ
˵ǣЩС͵СӵܶԼһҪһȵĳͷǸ붪ĻἴǲеĳԺҲûˣȻᱻˮġ
ּķΧУͥɺæýŲմأÿһһԷʱ򣬻ﲻҪ¡
ֻǵõĻͲͷ۵ˡ
صԼԺӣͿʼ͵͵ظ顣
С㣬ҪôѾǰĶԼС㣬үʹү֪Ļᱻģ
ᣡ
Цݲõ˵ҵʹҪæʹ飬ûʰҡ
ʹܻ뿪ġ
ѾĬһ£ѵүʹүļǳã
̧ͷĸѾߣʹĵ˵ǻǲĵѾˣԲ֧ңҲԲͬǱﲻҪ˵
ĸѾߣ
һۣ֪ûа취ȰС㣬˵Ҫȥһȥ
۾һЦе˵ҵĺиͬͬ
С㣬ˣʱүʹүʱһ˵ǵģֻѾߣˣǺܽǲܿġѾЦе˵
ԶվŵϹ
ĻǵһˣÿǾú档
ôͰ
Ѿҵ洫ʱ˵ǰˣҵҴҲ飬αֿԡ
˵ֱ꣬׿Ժ飬ҽļƻġ
Դһʼ
ܺõϹ
ȻǷӣ鶼ó
ҪҪ
ոôͶ˫۾Ǯȥ棡
ֱӽһŴƱ˹ȥ
̫Σˡ
ҪƱ
ȻƱһȵϹ쵽ԼҩʱѾˣҪ֣
ʻһСľûˡ
Ȼʱ˹ȥ
ϣӵķȥȻȥ˯Ϣ˲ܸ飡
ã
ĸѾͷ̵ͷ
Ϊʹҹ˾ʱ򣬽ֵͽѲߣһ˱һһһӵѲߣ˳ǽϣ˸Ľ佫׼ãʱعȥ
һյ糯ʵ۵ľã˯ǰžϵκı飬ֱ˵˲ϴ
λ͸λһʱˣ
࣡
û˱Ҫ׳յı¸ˣ
ʹܿأҲﲻûʵ۳ӭӵĵزţ򿪹ţվڴǰžͿˡ
ӭӵ񽻸˽
źɫ·ƤڲϵţܸовõҪ
һоĻѾʰãٹʱܵŵʹ
̫ӳǰĵһ䣬ɳȥûɣ
·ģȻЩ֣ûκεķȫûκλɡ
̫ӵͷͺãЩˣһЩȵһգôɱҶܣ
ǣ
ߵŶԷʱ䣬Ϊ֮ǰһӵſڣһ·յ̾ĿԼ佱
·ĺ磡
ÿ˿Ӣرˣ
ôᣬôܸɣؼǻúã

ΪͷȻĴڡ
ڳǽϵ͵͵ؿһۣȫǽƯĶġ
ĸѾһʾǴ񣬺ֵܿǳˡ
µĻ˵ҲǿġС˵
ĸѾ߷˸ۣǻ£Ц
ʹĶӴûһܿƮӣдŴ֣ۣԶĶ顣
ͷҲŶĽѾ̽˲ϢԵʱǾ֪һ棬ˣǴϣȲϡ
ߵ˶˭Ҳûȿڣڳǽϵ·ܼ֧֮žػ⡣


118 
ôǼҴүÿ, ưѾ˶ߣС˵
ǿ϶˳Ҳ̫ˡ
ѿôʹүӵģò𣿡
᲻

˿Ѿ, գһ۾, صү𣿡
, Ҳ
ܿ죬͹֣˵ָʹӭλʹĵ
ü
⻰˵ʮϣΪʲôһȺûһ, ̫С˰ɡ
ҲԲ¡
ǵһȡ
佫ͬϻ񣬡ˣ
ֻ˵˼ֳ
ࡣ
΢Цģ˵̫ӵ밲, ˴, ǵԼļһлھû˸۸㣬ί, ܺͻ˵һΪġ
ں̫ϸ߹Цݽס
Ҳ̫ˡ
Уóȥ
ɿ̾˴, ߹˧̫ӵ¾ͳ˵
Сģûͦġ
˵
ĸѾصͷ
ϵվ̫, ´һ, 뵽ϵĶ, ߳, Ŭ, ʧټ
Ƥ񰡣
ƨɶڳǽ˵ŷ
̫ߺϣ
Ȼ紫ŵǱò, ֻΪʲôôĵĿ⿴Լû˵кзë
ĺܿվǷˡ
Ǽġ
ۿͨ컹ģȵɹԺŽЩֱʹİӣ̾ʹűˣ̫ӵ£ܿˣ
ʹţ
⳪ĵǳϷ
ôݣ϶ûԺ˯ðɣ
ƨ
̫ӵµĳԴöȶõġ
ƫƫûи˵Ļᣬ°ģڴʲô˵һ취׼á
̫ӵ£
ȱһڳԵġ
öԷ˵ȥˣˣһжã

̾һ̫ӵ¹Ȼʱ˻˵˵þͺðɣ׵ģ̫ӵġ
ʹ
ͺ׸ƨ
ʲô˵
̫ӣô̫ӵºǴһ㡣
ޣ
ˡ
ǲǴˣĶ˹Ȼա
̫ӿЦݸһ£˹Ȼ鴫
¹ˡ
һ֣нУǣ׼õһƥһƥİҹ̫ӵµĵҪһҵķɣ̫ӵºλӹʧĶԲԣ
ǣ˸ǰ˵ʲô
Ȼ
̫ӻ䣬ѾȻƮƮϡ
ۣ򲻴
ݵĽͽҿ̫Լӹм䣬Ƶſȥ
۾ˡ
Ѿͷǣǳˣ׼𣿡
ʱֱվҲûѹԼȻ󣬾ͱڳǽϵˣһһľȣ̫ӽĹؼʱ̣ɲܳ⣬̾˹ȥ
ҡҡͷ
Ȼ˲ʶġ
š
ټӰѾŹ˽죬ЩСһġ
׼
￪˵
߲ɫȹװͷϴ鱦˳ǽ
ס˽Ųֵؿǣ侲
úûŲ
Ҫǽ
ǲǺܴҲ֪⼸ʹǰɱԴ˵ԲǺģǧ벻º
û˵꣬ͿмǸһЦ֣˾ôȥ
ŵӴ
Ͻܹȥ
һ̣ɵˣ
λϵŶʱھǲԶĳǽϹš
Ȼ
ǾͿ˴ӱһóһࡣ
ã
ָո£ѡʮн࣬ǳ𣬳ɹע
һ̣˶̧ͷųǽϹŵλ
ˡһ˳
ҲüرˣϷĿⲻҪ̫ԣϣλֱˤˤѪģʬ޴棬Ǿܽ
Ҫ˵ŵҵľ
ڿԼҶõʱֹͣˣëȻǰһڣιȥ
ڽеٽܣ˵ʵҲŵˡ
ֻǿǲõЦݣǾͻˣ֮ǰôȻ˿춼ظܵȰˣ¶ģ֮ǿǰδÿ춼ֺǺǣ¶һڰЦŵӣǶԼС൱ġ
ûյǾԲɵġ
Ȼˣŵˣ۽ǿǰķֻسŵҰʱ׵øһ
ĺͬ
ȵæᱻİɡ
òסʱȷʵֱӴʡĵá
ڳǽϵŲô࣬˵
һͨ
Ĭͣ£Ȼ󣬴˵ӭӭһӭ
ʹ
ͺʧΪʲôûеأ
һֱ
棡
һ̣һȺ˶ɫΪһĲЦݱ˾ţõؿϹŵۿɼٶȶˣ
ˣ
ͬһʱ̣ҲűˣʲôҲ˲ˣֱӴ˳ȥͬһʱ䣬ڶмٽ붼ûͷ
~
~

ﾪŵزҽڲϵ׹~
˳˵СĲĿһ۾ڴؿš
̫ӿٶһһǸֵĽųǽȥôæȴһ㶼ң³
ոǿǶûйصġ
ǰЩˣ
˶ҲԭģСơ
ȻⳡϷǰŵģ̫ӿĺûԲܷŹ
һȥʹо˼һ׼һٽܵķȥ
ٽܵٶģܵΣգòȻٶҲ
ˣ
ã


ǣһˣ
úЩԡ
ͷˣ˵ûҪŴü
ֱӰһϵĻء
飡
ըһԲɡĶ
ĸѾ߼ôҲŰȥ
˾㵵Ŀ£Ʈ䵽ϡ
ŲԶQһݶҪҧˣֱӾͰεһ˹ȥ
ˣ
ٽܵҲһһ顣
Ȼϵˣ
ʱ˿ȫ飬ģոжൣģھж
Ⱦܣ
磬侲侲뿴ϣ
һ˵һ߻ͷȰԼ״硣
㣬㣡
ûڷ˺ôſס˺üҵţ

ǹɵվŵͷ
㣡
ٽܴ߾ð³һ仰
һʧɫʲôʱ
һɣ
˵ŵһ亹
ոƴڷɣӦÿˤ
˭
Ҵˣ
ֱϴ
߰ɣ
ٽЦ˵Ӧûû꣡
ɵ
෴ʮִһԲΪ

ѳЦѾǣߣʹȥ
һߵʹǣ
Ǻʧ
Ǹոջôڴ
ˣ
ôʱ򣬽ٵػعԭλĸѾ߱ıس̫ǰ̧ͷ̫ӵ£Ϲ˵ϲұڳǽϣΪ˱ʾǴĳ⣬ݵĻӭʽô

Ǵ˵еķӡ
Ȼ鴫
ѰĹôߵĳǽŶˣأĺ򶨡
Ǻ⣿
̫ôܻϡ
ۣ̫ӵǲϲҪ±һΣ
̫˵Ҳ֪˵ʲô
û˼ˣ
ӦٴϸǷǮ˵˻ûг
̫ӣ
˭ǷǮ
ˣǶĴ֮𣿡ĳ
쿴ؿװû
Ҳͬˣ̧ͷͷĶһ¡
ǣʵڴĴٹ˶ĬشЭ飬µʱֻҪ٣;ԲҪ֣
һ߿žУ
ˣ

ͲҶʲô𣿡
ͷȻһüͷ˼ף԰
̫ü˿ֿ˿
յ鱨ĸܺð
ѵǼٵġ
ôһãΪݺ
ܿ˾
ôǶĵ̣ôû⣬Ǳץ˰ѱԿĻǡ
˼ǣ
ݳѰһǰ׳աģҵǧ𣬸˾һľӼ˸ղſòҿۿЩ˶˵Ļô׿û뵽ǾȻʹţ߿
ʹţ
˵Ļ̫ˡ

ͻȻ۾һˣֻ̫ǿܣûȨ϶ҲûǮӣԲҲӦСݳѣλӣ
̫
Ӿ̫ӵ࣬һ⻰ֱӾ壬ʱҪ
ʹţ
ĺ봷ǰĹ
ôôأ
ãҸݳѣ̫⻰һƹһ˲Ĵվ˳ΪǼҵ̫̫ӣǿܣֱӾ͸ʮƱȥ
ʱҲʼڷˡ
°һ㣬Ѿվ΢ЦؽӹƱӵؿλˣ΢Ц
٣
ʮ

Ѿ¶ȵı飬һĸ̾תͷ̫ӣĿͬ顣
̫ӣ
Բɺܲˬ
Ѿ
һ䡣
յ
һһһͷˮ˵ʲôյˡ
΢ЦĴѾƱ˻ȥĴˣãߵĴѾߣǮûȥټʮȥǽұһ
һ˵һ߼ƱȻ΢Ц
ϵˣ
˼

̫Ҳ֪ΪʲôĸͬĿ⿴ȥ
ֻǣʮ٣׼
ȿȣ
̫Ӹɿһ
ǲܱݵġ
Կ϶ȥһԣ
˵ǸһѾ߱ݣ̫ˣ
ǮĴޱһƱһܿ˰ɣ
Ѿ΢ЦȻͬͳһƱˣȥݣЩǮȫģ
ʹɴ۾
һѾͷôǮ

ǲš
Ƕ˵ı
λǮ˿̫ӡ
̫Ҳ˼⻹ûнѾо˶˵ͱˣҲ֪ȥԺʲôǹһĨЦݣǮ
̫ӵ£
Ц˵˭˲֪ҺҵĸѾߣǴ壬ҵһѾ߱ݿͷۿʮ⣬ֱʹٶӣ̫ӵԼλǲŵĻȥǸ˶֪
Ϊ˵Ľ
Ķš
ݿͷ
˭֪ڿԼѾǶ߰
ǾԲ𴩵ġ
ϸĻҲûȻûѪûͷΣԺܴ󰡣ʹţһȷʵЩСġ
Ȼ֪ģ˲֪
ǾͲǼٻ
Ƿ
ôǮ˱ݿͷ
ʱѾվ¶ʹѾһ΢Ц̫ӵ£ϲ˱ݿͷĻܿĺöġ
̫ӣ
Ҫˡ
ټȥöٺʱ
ǧ򣡡
ֱӿڡ
һǸٶȵͷǵ𾪣Ȼⶼҿڣ붼òã
Ӧ죬˿ǵһκ棬绹˽⣬ԣ̫ӣ۾ıֵôǮ𣿡
ҪۣҲػǮ
Ц˵
ѾͶѾĬĬռ˻ȥ
ڸոյֵһһʮӣѾĬĬطŽİ
ûǸʱ䣬ֱ˵ְɣ
̫ĲһӼƽϣ
Ӯ˶ûκεĺô
ҾϲˬˣһǧһĶ٣ֱӿڣ̫ӵǲϵĻλߣ˶֪Ǹӣ̫ӵϣҷλĹϣ
Ļ˶
ܺãҼסˣ
һǧ
϶ٰ
ʹĳһãÿһεļǽͷϷԣʹǴ˲ӵġ
̫ô˵ȻҲõóˡ
ǮĹԱӴ
ʹžûһɫõġ
̫ˡ
ѾԿ϶Ƕ˵ıһǵǮʵ۰Ǯˡ
ǺãûôǮɣ
Ǯˣ
ûס˵һ䡣

ѾѾѾȥǮô˵̾͵ͷ΢ЦҲ˲õЦݣѽǿˣǮǾͻӭǮˣ´Ҫۿʲôֱȥ鸮أɽǶǱݵģ
Ҫ
ʹŵ˷׷˵
ٿһαݣǿس̵Ǯûˡ
磡
ЦǺǵܵĸǰˣ
߿űǮѾͷˣȥˣƥ
˵뵽ʲôһ䣺𣿡
̵ͷЦǺǵڽ棬ʹȵĿ⣬ȫûио


119 
ʹٶЩƵ, ܸоǱһթˣնó
ԵЩ󰡣
ƫƫʲô
У
ֻ
˸ڽ棬ǰмĿбӵĽǲͬ, ʱʱزͷźƽеʹ, Сֹ
С, ѡʹǰòѡ𣿡
϶ѽȻôһĶûУ
ǾͲӴ򹷣
˵ʲôأ˭ǹ
, ᲻˵

ǲԶ, ĺ뷴һ, ҲӰ
ǲǹѵû
̧ͷһοǽǴĺ, ÷̡
һš
ӴĶû˵, ĶС, ˵·Ѿռ˺ۿİգΪһ, ˸߲ҵһȺ͸ҡ
, 󣡡
˵Ҳûô࣬ǮӦõ𣿡
ǵ𣿡
㵽һͷģ
ǵöӰ
ͲȱǮòã
, Ľ

ǽİһĽĿˮ֮, Ҫôӣ, ʮ֮һ, ٷ֮һ, Ҳܸ˵÷
۵ĭڷɵİڿ¶Կʱ, һ̾ͱ, ˶ɴ۾һ, ϴϰõĲЦ, ¶ɫһ״Ҳвͬĵݣٽ۾Գ£Ҹоͦõģţϵġ
ǣ
֪񲿵æýŲմأЧ᲻Щ̫ˡ
ոջַǷ̾ͱѻȸ
ٿһƫԴŲӣһŲЦ
ү
񲿵Կǻ˰ɣ
ϵػӭ
ôô˰
׼ǶЩܲˣοˡ
̫Լʹţ
һ˫˫ȵĿ⣬һµǣֻúֱš
Ժһ仰ڵͷü
Ȼֻѡ
ͻȻĵ
ϰǰ̾ͳɤӴغӭӭһӭ
µİ̱ĳ֡
ʹǶѶҪըˣڵ鰡ǿԷģһ㶼øˣȫûиоյ顣
ǾҪƽƽȥʵۣ
ģ
ڸ飬˵ɣ᲻𾢶
ͷƤ˵עߣһ˫˫۾һԴҲת
ȵβͶѾ뿪ǰ滹ɽ˺ڵţſڵİѾ񣬽ţһ죡
˴λǣԶĴϲ֮գǼСⱸΪףǲҪԭضӵ£ֵĸȥȡһһÿУҪ죬ҲҪ첻ǼССС⣬ӣϣ㶼ܿģ
İǣ
ӿã
ĺ£
һô
Ĳˣ
ЩѾʼôʹЩһӡ
ϵӣ
ô˵أ
Ǻвĵġ
һλżӵϢ󣬷Ӧ죬˵ǼС˭
Եġ
Ҫ֪ôˬĹλ
ˣԺһҪһλ
ҵĶ
ʵ˽˵ĸʱڳ˶뵽û뵽Ȼ

Ҫôأ
ȻǰİԣǿԷģľֻǺĶѣҪԺٰǺΪǡ
ҪԺ̸ʱСһ㣡
ڵ⵰
ڵġ
˼Ҹո׬ôӡ

Ǹӡ
ʹһ·ߣϢǸԶ̫Ӻ֪ܿˣˣ
ʲô
һеĿ񻶡
ǵͷ
ǵӣ
ôоûЩ˶úܿģǾǮͿĵ
ò˵̫ӵˡ
˼
˶ľˣ˶һľȻ
֣
𾪣
ʲô鷢ϲ
Ҫʹʱ뿪飬磬һؼŶ
˵껹һǷ
ҹèӣڳǽ϶ŵʱҲϢһ£վȲ˯ڴ
ţ
طŶԷž档
˼ԣڼʵţ
ѾһΣϢһӣת׼뿪
׼𣿡̫ӵ½ס˵϶Ľһ𣡡
¶õЦݣ̫ӵ¸𣿡
ɵӡ
׼
̫ӣ
ôڱտڶǮ
ûǮ˵ʲôϻټ
˵֣ĸѾʮŵ뿪
ԱߵİֱӸóһ
ȻʷǵӰ죬Ҳӵһɰķӣõķӣ˶ķֻԶۺ˽ԣӴҪġ
̫ӵһܿͻָһ̫ӵķȣǰ
ûһʹͽǰؾǲ׼ģҲ˶ʸʵ۵ģˣߵʱ򣬾ʣ˶ʮˡ
һ빬ţǸĵ·
нվڣ˳ŵ·ͷʵٹվڹǰš
һ̫ԼԱһһȵ߹ȥ
ʵǲģͻʵ࣬ΪԷ˵ͰһȣЩˡ
׼̫ӵ־ͱʵ۽סˣ̫ӣܿˣ
̧ͷͿʵۺۿǼʱܿ޳ģ
ëɣ
ԺܶԼӦԷʽΨû뵽һְ

Ǹ˶벻ɣ
˭뵽һ֮˵޾Ϳް
˼ôشʱʵֱӾͽסˣģ˴û˸۸ˣأôôô۸ˣֻҪһ뵽ǰӾͿƲסʵ̫ѹˣ̫ˣ
ס̫ӡ
彩ӲȫƲסˣֻĮһѵĴ󳼡
û˳ܹܰ
մİٹվλҲǳ˼سǲ붪ޣվڵڶţһվȫǺܻʷǣЩֱӺۿóᣡ
вɣ
ԣ϶в
ʹ˵뷨
ʵ۱̫ӿ˺һɿ¶˼ЦݣǸʵ̫ˣûס
ϣʵ̫ˣôܹأ־޷ӣѹûи˲Ļᡣ
Ǯſڣǰϣѹˣ̫ӵⲻѾ˴ǰĿӽˡ
ϵ̫඼ˣĴ󳼲ԸԸⶼǰ߹
һؼοʵۡ
ǰϣⲻĴ
ǴĺôҸȫΪӢ쵼
ʥĻϣЩӵң
ǴЩ֪ܣûй׵ĵطͲǴᲢۣ

ʵ۳Ϊġ
̫ӱٹټȦӡ
ʹţ
һ໰Ҫ
ʲôë
ԼĻʵҲͰˣΪʲôҪǴ
˵Իʲôʱܽܲܿ㰡
ȫ뿴
ΪԽԽĶ¡
ǲôģٹһһ䶼Ҫ˵þã˵ʵۻҪӦ̫ԽԽͷԽԽȣȻԽԽ⣬̫ӶЩֲסʱ򣬻ʵۺĴڱǴŽһģů紺յԼֲú
ʵһվ̫ӵǰ¶ǲ˼ĺЦݣʵڲ˼ܵܰ
ʲô
ʵ۽ʲô
ֳ̫ˣдܣ㲻Ҫ֣
̫Ѿȫ˵ˣʱ˿̵ҲˣȺвĴѹͲҪ˵ʲô
ǧϹ۰ɣ
ʵļһֳģúдǣر޵ĵܵܡ
ǣϡ
дǵĵطڻʹԱߣǰܵܰסţúϢڴٹٸǽӷϴ
̫׼ڣֱģ޾Ͳؿˣ֪ˣҲ֮ǰܵίģ߰ɣ޿뿪
˵ۿֺˣˣӣ
̫ӵ£룡
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顣
ˡ
ҪǽҪ棬Ƕ뿪
̫ˡ
߻λƵػصң߽ţͿԼŹȣϱԱҵĹǡ
ˣ
Щ̫Ծ
ﳶЦݣ֣
ˣ
̫̫ܿмվض
̣
~

̫̫ΪԼҵĶѾͷӿˣͽһԺ󻹲޷졣
죡
ҽѾͷؽã˭ҪǸҸԺȣ͸һãֱ̫̫
ǣ
ָԼĸѾߣ˼ԣأ
ﶼúܺá
һ˶İ
ϷˣǻԺˣ
ĸѾͷֱ˵
Ϸ˵ͷȥɣ
һ̵ˡ
ǼûǵӣǾҾôңţҳԺʰǣ˵ıӰ
õֻצӵĻ֡
С㣬ɣ
￴ǰ֣תú
ѾͷҪǸ֣Ϸ룬˵Ųھȥǽĵطȥ
ĸף
ĸ
λ˺С㾪е
ɴ۾ǰӵֻ̫̫֪вôأ
ֻ־ܡ
̣ȥҲֻ𣿡
ȥǰﻹһ䣬̣ǰŻôԵģɲҪ̫ã
ƽ̫̫˵֪ߣĻôܹϡ
ɴʱ˿̣һ࣬Ҿͻģ
Ҿûǹźã
ֻϧĻû
ʵܺãٹҲֻͥɣҪؼˣǲܡ
ټҪУΪÿĹͲ٣ټҪдʹռ˲ٵʱ䣬Ҳõʱ˵
ɣ
ļ򿪿˵
Ǻǣ
ͥɿԺǼҵˡ
΢ЦǼ޸ٽܣŮҲܲ
ͥһ
Ĳܡ
Ҳ֪˵ʵŮծ仰Ůһ̡
Ƕ룬׬ò٣϶ĽҪݡ
ֻϧҲֻ룬һһ֮İο̫ҪʹҲʵ۱ݵļ۸ļ۸񶩵̫ˡ
Ǻǡ
ͥЦɵúܣ¶١
Ҳ̫ࡣ
̫࣬ۺ졣
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У
ôܣ
һȷʵǽеĽϵģҪ黹ࡣ
Ƚ϶ԣ˵ֱžͲ˹ʺû
ģ
ܣ

ȵȵǵĿڣƫƫԵÿ˶һϣЦ⣬ǷйҲӡ
ԭΪסĵطͿһ

νѾλǻûߵſڣϤġӭӭһӭ
ĲҪô顣
ͷǣֻ뾲
Ȼ
ǴҲһܱʵ
̫ӵ£ʹڴİȫҸʲôҪ˵΢Ц˵
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Ҫ
ʹŵһµﻰ
߽ǾæµԺӣˮģϴˮȵȣػȻûһ͵ģֻΡ
ȵϴ극ԺһȺҪһ˵˵һ½ôӦԵʱ
վһ
ӵҲ̫˰ɡ
̫ӵҪ˵𣿡ܼЦе˵ūǾ͸ˣһҪס˸۸㣬һҪ˵˵ɨһˣ⽻ūţĸλû̫ӵ˭ڴĵ۸£һǳһɷ
̫ӵԼвˣ
лл
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ģ
Ҳð
ȵȡڹܼҼҪ˳ȥʱ̫ӿڽסǣ飬ܺ˵˵𣿡
ܼЦˡ
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ĳ֣ǹģ֪ģȫ˵˳ǽһǰֺߴߴ̻Ի͵̱˲г
̫ӣ
ˣ
Ϊ˽˾ΪϢôģǻСˡ
˻Ȼܵõʮ
ѹѾ߿ʮ򣬰
ͷݸ
ǲҪԴǮ

ķ裡
װ衣
ͻȻ;вһŮȻһţҪǴҪôֱӲҪôĸķҳ󲻿֪
ʵҲв
ôϲһӣ
뵽ղŹܼ˵˻ʵһ
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ȵǵվţȷû̫Ӳһ˵˵ɣô죿


120 
ô죿
˺ö඼ûס, ְ˰̫Ѩͼһ㡣
˼˺һ
˿˵ǱȨ
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ϸŽ췢һУǼ˵ȫǣűߵġ
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ͥɺصҵʱ, 翪ʼвһʱ
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ŵһ
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һۡ
ǰ̧, ߵϵˡ
Ȼ󣬾Ϳһ, һź˯
һš
ѾҪˡ
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һ̣ϵͻȻ, İĹȥ
ͥɺ˾վԭأؿ, Ե˼İ
ˡ
һŮã̫ˡ
, ң
Ҫȥ, ᱻġ
, ڰҪͥɵʱ, Ӳɲס°¶õЦݣôˣ˰ɣҸ硣
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׵
̾ģ֪ˣǧô˵
ôдĶǡ
԰Ժ˭˵׼˵̶أ
һģһͷƤ顣
֪ˡ
ֱͥһ䣬ܱ֤Ժ𣿡

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Ҹӣ
ˣ
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ô˵վûסֱӶǹһ£һӡӣ΢һ㣬˵˵㣬ǲëɢȥǮһĲҪǲǮడ

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֪ܲ
վûͥɺãغ˵
ҪǴͷβǶթˣһܿĵ㣬أǴҪ𣿡
뵽Լ㱻ĺıӺݺݵسһ٣ʵ̫ˡ
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ֱӰСĿʼԸĸѾͷ¡
Ѿڸͷ
Ѿѽ׬Ǯһ£һʮҴߡ
Ѿȥ׼죬ҽĵʱóԣ

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ȥ𣿡
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ôĵˣǺܵĸᱻ
ǱҲղβǽȥҪϹ˵⻰ʱ￴ϹѳЦԴŲ⡣
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ȻӦҪԼʹԷ˵ҲǴȥġ
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ӣһҪȥ졣
޵ɫһף̧ͷɨһֵ̫ȥĽëһһģСøóƵģ̫ӵԸ
ؽҲġ
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һĿ˶ƣϹصԼߣ֪׼ˣҲŤֱվ߿еһˣ¶ʮֲõЦݣ̫ӵ£׼𣿡


121 
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ۡ
̫Ǹݽɫ
͹ʵ۵ºͣʴȣԥͬ, ̫ӺţóŲΪݣ˱ӵеġ

ʵĽ, ǰǸʲôҪܵȴһ޳ɵӣǾԲ̫ӵĶ֡
Ĺʵۣ
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룡
, üͷһ˳ȥ
Ȼ̫Ӵǰ߹Ķվ, 
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һһĲʺɫ!
˶ֺܲõԤУеɣ
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ֱӾվǼ̫ӶôôΣյϷ

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󲿷ִÿһĿ⿴̫ӣһΣڰɣ
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ʵ۵һӾﰲοԼĶģĶġ
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Ի޵ġ
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̫ӵʱϹɫЩΣرڱôѯʵʱѵõزΡ
ΪôΪǱѡ
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Լͥɵڿ̫ӣ治ɫɱǼ粻ϲˣҪǿöࡣ
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ժϵĺɫ˿ؿԼһӶûˣǺ
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ԭĴֵʱֱװΣڸıˣȷ̫Ӳ˵Ȼǿ϶Ҫġ
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ת֮ǰһϹһֱΪԼ˽ϹͻȻͿ˼
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￴СɰȻ̫ӵıУСǣں˵ϹֻҪǵǴˣΣΣյ飬˭˭Ѷûģ˵ʹڼǰԭһҡ
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ԣ˶ûзĻ
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￴Լá
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⻰۾һ
ѵõôߣɵ͹˶Է
һۼӣҪ

ͥü
ãûһΪŮӵǾ磿

βˣŮ춼ʼɻ壿ô֪
СʱǲǾ˶˵ŮӲкӣܵƤҪ浾
ͷ
ˣѵӦ
кӴܺ˶һ䣬кڴгģŮӴܣͱûн
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ٴһЩ˷ʲôŮǷֻᱻ˵ʲô
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صͷǶôµ壬ãôˣڲŷһ㣬ʵأŮľͲŮܹƾٵĻĿϹĲܴд𣿲ŮܣЩ˵Ŀı
ҵǣ
˶ôͱı
ΪŮһʶ˸磬ͲլôСĵطźЩ˵ӣӣЦ˵ܹԼǮжʶҪƽԴһп籩꣬ǣûиŮĻᣡ
ҵŮ˼
Ůӵǳһ̾ͱ˾ˣֵַĳ󣬼ˣֱ
Ұ


122 
Ů죺
ô
ô֪
Ψ, ͥɺĿſߣΪʲôҪôң
ͥɣ
ıܲá
, Ѿͷں˵˵ʲô
ʲôûбŮָ, ǲΪ̫ʴ, ̫˵, ݵһ죬֪νˡ
ʼ硣
ңòʱǲ˵, 
˵ͥɣ, ʵӦý, ҾͲ˵ˣ, ںܶᵽҶ˵ҵĶʵ, Ӧ, ϰյ, ᵽ֣ͥᵽ, İ뵽ľ, Ŷ, ĵ
ȴ޷
Ϊľ
Ȼֳûϡ
ֱץצӣװãҳΪҵķ裡ǡôҲû뵽ôУ˵ǻۡ
֣ͥɵǰϸĵطܲ㣬ǣûз˼ңʫˣˣⷽױȵ츳ﶼǣֻҪǶ֧гһգᵽ֣˶¶Ŀ⣬һˣ
Ǽͺһ뵽ǳ˶Ҹ
ʱҵĽ֪˵µʲôǾƽӹ
صͷ
޷ܣ
ԼرĴڣ
û뵽ô˽
ŶõĻʷǵݽˡ
Ҳǡ
Щν˵ǴӶġ
׸һЩ׽ô˵˼
ŮǸӡ
Ǹǲš
Ͼ͵ᣬ˵һϲͨܺ۸Щôӡ
ͥһԼŮͷۡ
㣬ңҡ۾ģʵڶ¶ģҸоҵǰһƬֻҪһж
ãҪżʶŮ֮ʵû̫Ĳ𣬵һ㣬Ѿǳǿˣ￴ûʶһŮԣҸģɶѾϵ˵ǲŪףܻ޾ʹ࣡
ҸŮ죺
ôǾ仰ǿ佱
صͷȻ֪
ɣ
˵ô֣ãӦȥŮԱ֮ǧҪҸոᵽЩ˼룬꣬úõ룬㵽Ҫ׷ʲôȰʲôѡʲôĵ·ȵȣЩΪ֮ŬʱհӥǷ磬ƣ꣬ǲʺ磡
ˣ
˰
ΨһǺþʣ
ǲ˲١
ԴȻ籩꣬׷ɵ·Ͽ϶Ҳо޷Ĺ¶įûϵžãʲôֻҪɷȥһֻɵССɣСȥ׷磬ȥʶأȥ͹Ѥõ磬һһֱ֧ġ
㣬лл㣡
ֱӾͿˡ
ȻɲǺףһŻȼգܹо˶ǰδе
ֱ˵ӽزȥˣԺܲһ
Ϊ㽾ãҪǵãҪȥЩΪڲͬͲƽ
ţ
صͷ㣬кܶУˣ
ȥɣ
ͷοؿŷһܳȥСЦ⣬ȻͷͶһľȻ
㣡
ͥɱ˵ں˵˵ʲô۾ܿóѾͷѾͷĵ׵ͣôΪںˣ

޹գգ۾ҿô۵𣿡
񣡡˵
Ӧø˲Ŷ԰ߵǰĶŮ̳ŵ ûһƽӹ֮
ǿ佱
ܾͥͷˡ

Ҳ֪뵽ʲôֱͥ˦ҲܣԺҪ޲ȥǮҪһӣ·ġ
á
ûȥⲢ·˵˶
Ȼȥ˯ˣʵ̫ˡ
ţ
æµһ졣
û뵽ʱҪһʦ
о
浾Ÿոջڷã˺üΣеؼ۵׵ƣʱʲôҲû˵ôıӰҡҡλε뿪ãڰû
ԼҴãü
Ȼ˵úͷۣ϶ԣϣܹЦʹЦ޾ʹؿޣڣǴ˼꣬ȴµۣˣѾˣ뿪ʱס浾
ͥɻͷԼҶӣ
֪ĪһıͲµҪ˵ʲô
ֹ
ǶѾͷѾͷԲԥģɴѾͷ
˰ɣ
Ҳ۰
رѾͷĴڣеĴѾͷĶ¹ɡ
ǡ
ϣڶѾͷѾͷϵĶ¹ɣȴϣѾͷܹ΢һ㣬Ƿǳìܡ
ˣ
Ѿͷ۵ѾͷˣѾͷһôһ룬ͥ̾;˲١
ܿþʣˡ
磬ң
浾
ǿ϶Բ㵣ˣ
ҡͷ
Ҫǻɶãһ䣬ã㲻뵣˭
ֱ׳
û˵øж
˾Բ˵Բ
ãʵ̫ҵ˼ҲǺ̸ܻģûжõôոǲʲô뷨Ϊʲôʶã
浾ҡͷ
úˣ
뷨ԼҲ˵ֻǿôлˣһı䣬ǣ
ôı䣿
ûжôҲûĲŻ
ԭΪŴúõģҲ˾ͺܿģˡ
û
̰ĵġ
磬ҲЩϢɡ
æ
һӦøġ
Ĵãüͷøǣ˵ʲôأ
ֻ̾
ȿͶúú̸̸ɡ
ȫֱ֪״綢ˣصҿ˵ǲݲݵϴһڴ̾ͺ˯
һߵһޣµ˼ƻҳŵֻҪܷƣҿԱ֤Ժû˵лʲôҲû˻ٹܣ
ò˵ŵˣϾѾõ顣
ӼɼѾѹˡ
ֻǡ
Ҫô
صԼСԺӺԺ̧ͷźʹûʲôһһҹ
µһ쿪ʼʹŵĵ黹Ҫġ
ͱϳ
𴲣ͿüҵСѾԺſڵţСġ
ˡ
ϳǰȥһʵۣݸľȻڳϸ˼ѪƵؿԼ䳯İա
аɣ
ϸ˾ͺá
Ǹϲ˯ģԴ˹ÿҲ׼ʱŸֳţ˰칫˯ҲһģֻǸССȡôְҵµôɹ
һ죬ʹŵм
ģҪԹһ䶫ʱ򣬲ûκε
̫ӵ밲ģǴ̩񰲣ҹջÿͣԲΣպС֮ͽģȻ̫ӵҪ˱ҲܾģЦе˵
Ǻ꣬˭˴˵뷨
ͷˣԼͿˡ
ʲô飬һֱڽ̫ӵ¿ȥҡ
ػغ˺þãת뿪
̫ӻ˱װĸţ֮ǰԼĻʵܻǶ࿴룬飬֮˵
Ȼǲ죬ǣܹܵİղͬǴǰյò
ֲõԤС
߰ɣ
һӵģ
ʱ粻Ǵһ·£³Լ߶

ַǷ
һŴӵЦݣ￴óǵҸǷĵġ
ϲĶǻȻ֪ǲ˵ʱؽľ㣬óԵĶţȷ˲ٰԣоģ
̫ȴ㶼˲
ĵطǼɵ
ϣвòϣĶǱǴĶҪõöࡣ
ܿ졣
һѷ̨ȥİգҲ˳ȥ
ţ
ˡ
̫ӵ¹Ŀ˵ӡ̵ʷǡ
ֻλʷһ̨һ̧֣Ͱ׿˵ˣǺܰÿдĹǣһҪǵÿ佱ǣǵıʵ̫ˣΪе
ȻЩ˼ΪǲԼʲôһãɻûס۾ͦñֱ
̫Ӻĸ
Ǵʵĵֶ
Ҹ˵˵дʹŵľ磡
ʷ죬ǾܽͨĽĿ˵컨׹˵ǿ϶ǾʾףͦðһϹƣ·ۿһ㣡
߳ʱ򣬻ΪΪʹڳǽĻӭʽ̫Ǹжˣ̫ӾȻҪһݽĿǴĻʵۿʷһĸжǰǿûУ̫ǶõĺӰǶôĶøжôһ˾ȻܵǰδеȺ뵽ʲô
̫ӣ
֪ЩҥԴˡ
һ̫ӶȺǿͨչʲô𣿡
̾͵ͷ
ܹԲңƶǴð
ԣҪлǣ
˵ʷؾϹлǵͣǴķǿ󣬰ҵ벻ÿһ˵ͣǵ˫ִڵĴллǣ
ǽһж
ԭҲйͣһ϶֪ͻȻоǾԼܸͣ
̫ӣ
ͬʱִɻΪʲôЩ鶫˲ţͲѧ˰ش
ص⣬ǸܵǴ˵飬ϣ̫ѡ˱ȽϻõӷϷǵĻʵ۱ºο̫ӵ°ĵı֣Ǳĸ谮ĺҪƤһЩЩ޸ĸĹ¶ȴضһ㣬̫ӵ¾
ʷôһ˵һӾˡ
Ϊ̫ӵµˣȻϣܹſһЩҪСԱԼųҲϣԼҵĺǵƤһ㣬ҲΪܿѹֱԣûһ㺢Ҫá
Ѿ˸ĸİ̾͵ͷ
û
ͷͷۣɵƤһ㲻

˾Ͷˡ
ȺС
Ҫ뿪ˡ
ʱ˿ǿ˶˵ߵڰ׵ƫƫİŲɡ
ûߣ˺˵˵ʷˣһģȵһӾͱýվŵĺ棬⣬ʼѧϰʶ֣д֡
̫ӣ
Ȼؾ˵ˣۿͷõԤиܾöºôһ塣
һ죬ĸй䣬ĲǮÿͣ˾ͽƵԣǴִţǵȴԽԽأоЩ
һģһĻޡ
Ѿ˾һ쵱һ죬Ƿſӣʱشһ޵ҺɫͿۣ֬סҰ׵ɫҪԼ뷨š
Ȼ
Ѿ׼˽˱ӵĿ⣬
һ¶޵
ղó۵Ļ˳úƯ
Ҹоһ˶ûÿ
ǰôûм
ţˣ

һģȻǽͷӶʱʱͶĿ⣬ܸоһûӶ˵û˼ǵĺԼ͡
޵һЩ
ǲľ
һʱ䣬ϲطΪ˾¥СʻʱϿ¶ȻЦݣǾͲ?
ְ
С̵ͷЦ˵ͬʱԼͬˣΪʲôܳôÿңȴô󣡡
ޣ
ܹ̫Ŀ̫࣬ˣͻȻϣЩӦˡ
㲻Һ𣿡
áС룬Ժ˵һʷѧĺѧʵĻüëѾԽŮ֮Աţɫɲ֪𣿿ҶܶԼ뷹
Цý쳣˵С޲뵽Ļ㵽ҪҪҹҶĵ÷Բˣ
֣Ҳ֣ȴܿġ
뿪ʱ򣬽ϵǮȫ˷ϣҲòˣԵС翪һ£ҲǺһ
ɫԽԽ
ѡõĵطϦ£ԣվûʲô̵ĺߣƽĺˮһ쳣ƽʵ͸ýˣĹͲ乶͵ȷûʲô׺󣬴ŰЦݣһ㣬ģȻԼ׹
ˣ
˱ˮû
ڽˡ

ΪԼͻȻҪС㣬Ѿòʵ⣬ֻɫҪ·ģû뵽һѰˣ̲סԼСһһ̾ϵĶ˹ȥ


123 
ʱҲµ, 񣬺Щ翪ʻѾʼСˣ²䲻ȸոպãֻ½ϡ
ѾԷǳ׼ˮеʱ, ֱӾͱûһ, յվûܽˮɹ, ˵ֻʣһ͡
һ˺ԶѾûסﲻϵˡ
񾭲
ͲԶ
Ҫϣ
š
϶Ǹ, ҪôȻĲ, Ҫô˲̫ףȥȡ
ն
˺
ⶼʲô, ôô䰡
ѾоͷҪ, ŵɴ۾ˮĵطϵػˮ
ĻܣĶڱԹ쵹ùͬ, ޷Լȥ, оǰδе۾ȫ֪һڷسʶʧĸо
Ҳûôֲ
쵽ʱ, ѾԴ¶ˮ棬һ̾Ǳȥ, ˮ˺һŽҵ, ˮ, ѾԻֱˣ
, ⰲı, ٿĶǺͱ˴ڹײ޵һģһ
ûʱ롣
ֱԷϡ
һ֡
ȫ, Ҳ̫ϸ˰ɣ
ѵǴ˵е, ţѾԿ϶ǸݵСҲûôϸô࣬źˣӦòְɣôѾŶԷֱ£Ʋ죬ʧ
һʪܵ·ɶоҲûС
±ȵ˲أѾؽ˾ϰʱ̲סֱҲǵģɱѣϴﶼˣΪʲôҪôԶ
ڶڲϵض
š
ԼСǳԲˣΪò𵶺͹ˡ

ûдȣ
ιι
Ѿڵӵѣѣ
û
棬һľͳһӡӣģصĵطӡӺøޣЩͣ֡
ĲǺ
ָĳ
ү
ԼȻûһӵҲС˵Ҫˡ
ᴵ֦֮裬µѾֱӴһ£Ҳع̫ˣӣЩˣҪ˺ɣ
ôһ룬ӶЩˡ
һҡͷôˣҲ̫ϧˣ̾Ϳʼˡ
û¾ͲˣˮѾ˳
һ˹ʱ۾
һϣԴȴ쳣Ĵ˶סˡ
һ̣ͨ죬ˣ
ǹûһ˿аԻһƴԷġ
Ѿߣ̧ͷʱˣһж˶ˣѡˣΪһ仰ͷһνԷˣǾˡ
ĵظһЦݣҡҡλε˵ѰˣҾȻ㲻ף
ԣ
ôӰˡ
Ѿ۾Ŷ
ӰǵûʧˣεԴεúܣӣţûȻˣǰһֱӾ͵ȥ
ڿǰЦʱ޸оԼ·Ů
ֻŮɫ̫á
ʪܵġ
ɵ˲ͷӦ
Ļ֤ʵһ㡣
ûɣ
Щʧ
ȴʮָмİˣȴǿų괦ڱ״̬ĸеůָоĺܺá
ֻһ̣͵ˡ
޾ֱ
ŵڵһŵĹǺС
ɾĹｫӺľ˻
ʶЩȫһ
ͣڶԷϡ
ǴôÿӣС죬ҲûоµСûоУôһģģĶЩˡ
촽
뷨˵ĻӦöȢ
Ҳ޸
ֻǣֻԼ뷨ѡ
ΪˮŮӻ˶ԷĹӣֻֽҪôȢ˶ԷҪôǸŮֻ޲ޣƹŷһӡ
ǰ߻Ǻߣǹӵá
Ȼ
޴ü
䲻ΪԷΪԷǲǱǶ𱨣ЩҪݺһЩӵܵĹʲô
취ڶйעˡ
ôţ΢Щܣȴǿġ
ǲҲ֮ˡ
ͬһУǵţôһ㣬ϲ
СؽǰĹԷ·ͷɣóЯϸذͷãڴԷЩ̵Ƥʱе뷨ʧ٣ԷٵسڵĽֵȥ
û
޵һ۾ϳѾ
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ڶЩˣ䲻Ǽã￪˵
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糨
ֱ˴Ĵָ
Ȼã²żߵĹϵҲûʲôԵģ֮䣬ǻģҪǵôӲԣȥĵѧϰǵʹ綼ͬ⣬ڣһ³ɵġ
㣬ģһʧģ
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Ѿͷãǲ飬ǺҪһ䣬ȻôܣǾͲˡ
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ȷʵҪú롣


124 
һĶ, ԽԽأ, ӦǴȶǿ, ʵеĶȴ
ĶǶ׼˵ġ
ǣǴ, ׼ҲﲻЧ
ǲģ
£
ĸʲôڰοķ˵ʲôһǿҪĻҪľӡ
Σﷴʡ
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ĸǵİο΢һЩ, ̧ͣ, ϴŵ΢Ц, һǵջǺܴģǼ鶼ǿԽģ
רŵڼ¼ġ
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һӺ󣬵õϢȴ޳ȥҲûл
üͷ
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ΪĶ, ޵֮ǿڽҲжֵġ
Ҳ޵ԭ
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ѾֱЦ˹ȥģϸûУƲ˭ƤôܻẦߣ

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Ժﶼһ֣̫Ưˣ
ֱ˵˫ۣ޻䣬еĳҪղסˣô죿
ڶǰɱƻδĸ顣


125 
ϽһСˣ
Ư
ʵ̫Ưˣ
үѽ
˫۾ҲǼĿŮ, ڣûһǰ֮ô
Ĳ·
ǳˮܹ
̫ˣö࿴
ü
üͷɿ˼֡
յ˵ĵؿٽܡ
Լֵܵδ, Ȳ˵, Ŀ֮¶ϵƯ˱ﰮĽ֮⣬, ûܵ˵ġ
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ƿ, ԼҴ磬׼˵ߵѾڶƯʫˡ
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, ǲڿһ£һҲûʲôõġ
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ദõˣ뵽һˣͬʱ̿ˮô죿
緹ûԣǶЩˡ
ԣ
Ҫ
Ѿ޸Ҫץס
Ѿһ𣿡̾Ѿ
ߵͷΪС˵ԽԽү͸Ե֣ȻҲֻԼСϴ֪ʶ࣬ʵһ㶼ûеĲ˼Ҫ˵ԼĻǾֻһ㣬ͨŮƤֻǣؿԼСѾߣǲɣ
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ЦѾɰıӰ¶ĸһı顣
תۼѾôˣ˿̸ˣ˰
ѾҲ¶õЦݡ
壬أ˫ۺȻչ˾ȵĿзɵ޵Ķ档
ۿΣṦʮֲס
ϸϸ֦ôܳһ˵ܲѧòã
ϣѾЦŶ޻֣ˣ
ޣ
ֶЩ
Ȼŵ˷纮ڵǺ˵ģӦûûȬɣôˣ
Լ뵽ĽԼš
ô
ֵģû뵽ˣԵ
ѾЦ˵ܲ˵Էɫɣţ˶ĽڿǼڲϣܴ̼
¶һѿЦݡ
Ȼǲ˵ʵģ˭Ϊֶ嶼ˡ
Ժ֪ԼǸʱж൥ΪѾˣǳ̫̫ʲôֶһȥ
Բ𣡡
ǣĹ䲻ϡ
ΪʲôҪǸ

ĵгģŴѾ˵Ҫ׼ˣ
ţ
Ѿͷصͷ

ʲôķչ
ٽҲЩʲôӾʲôˡ
ʲôġ
ûС
䣬ѾޣҲ֪ʲô飬Ҹ㣬˾ʲôûˡ
ң
˵ʲô
Щȫ֪
Ҹ˵ǼСģϾû˵飬ȻȥģҾȻģСҪ㸺ԣܲȽ£ȥ˵
ȫ֪ѾĻ֪Ҳ⣬ΪƽԼҵСѾ˵ġ
ܾΪ˾Ӧƽ⣬΢
Ѿͷһ
Ĭһ£еĽŻ˽ʡ
Ǵˣ
ôǼС˵ˣ˶ǲֹģߵﶼӦõĴѾԼ˵Ļ޳ܵرСģôԶСֲ֪
㲻Һܶ𣿡
˶
ȫĿ佱޾͸Լӣ
ôģ
ѾЦ˵üͷһ壬˰ɣ̫û۹ˡ
޵Щ졣
װŶˣڶ˫̹͵Ŀ⣬ЩƲסȻһ󵨵뷨¶˳ĽΪʲôͲһԣ

Щ˵֮ǰʶĹĲ鷳º㣡
жĶ뺦˾ˣ
û£ûܺңҵĿɽҼС㣬СĿɽҼүүҼүүĿɽǻϣҲ͵ҵĿɽǻϣģ飬ҼС㶼ܶסѾظ֤
ǹ
΢һ¾Ϳ˵ܽһӳڼȥ׬Ǯ𣿡
Ѿ
˵ԼСϴȻ⻰˼۾һﲻϵظлүѾεºܣȻĸ붼˵û°ǮҲҡ
һ⻰޵ˡ
ѾԵòֹͣ˹ֱӴϵˣʱ˿̵ʶСǾһжˣ
ܽһӳһʲôû𣿡
ܰ
ѾֱӵͷֻǸѾͷʵҼСҺõúܣҵãкܶǮ
һ
Ѿûеĺòá
ǴҲûйϵ𣿡
ûа
룬Ѿ˵иһ˵ҼСΨһˣҵĶˣҵĸĸҵĽ㣬˶ǺܺãⱲӶ뿪Сġ
֪ˣ̾ͽ͵Ҳ˼룬С˵ҼޣԸȢ𣿡
ԸⰡ
ѾöԷô˵ˣҪаԥˣֻҪҼޣҾ͸ȢģԺ㸺ò绨Ҹ׬Ǯң

ҡͷһϴ֯ŮҲǷĵĻһҶܴ׵ġ
Ѿɴ۾
Ⱥ£
ô̶̵ʱھԼĻ²˵ﵽС˵״̬
ţ
̫ˡ
ԥıȱϣ̾ǰֻצӣץס˵֣~
ý֣ôôۣô
ѾͻȻΪʲôԼСƹôǧ˳ˡ
û취
˶ʵ̫ˡ
ֵס
ߣߣȥȸߣģˣ˵ȢһȢġѾʮ˵
˫֣ЩߣͷСطһţ
ʱ֪ѾеĽҲҪġ
ǣ
ȻЩʧûп֣ţҲͦġ
˴ϷѾֱǣߵǰС㣬ҾҪȢţ
ɴ۾ѾûɣѾ˵Ȣ
ҲЩ𾪣ܿ͸̾ǶѾ߰˼ǲһ˵ƾʲôֻȢŮӣţ岻СҪѾѣڶûз֡
ã
ֱӵͷ
Ѿȴλӻ򸮡˵꿴Ѿ˶ӣ齻ҾˣѾ廹ûкã鷳չһ£
лС㣡
˶Ѿ
Ѿ׼뿪
ôؿţرһѾ߾ȻҪȢǴҵĹӣǽǴ泶ڵϲȣȵȡ
̫ӵ£ʲôԺ˵ֱվǰ
Ҵˣ
أ
ֱں棬ʾѾߡ
ѾԼ˶붼ˣЩ˼ôĺ𣿡
ʲôõġ
̫࣬
Ѿһ㶼ģҲͷ
İտŶ̫ӣ۾øƵġ
Ŷ
ﲻϵؽţˣð
㣡
һ£˵ѵǶŮӶô֪߳ܵдϼ˵ϰߣ
Ҳ뽫˵ô
ֻǡ
³ˣ̫ӻʲôش
û۾𣿿𣿻˵ԼòİĹͼñҸƤӣģ̫ӵ£Ӧúú÷ʡλǴһ죬ʲô鶼ûϣȴɱأأٺ٣Ҫ˵ûһ飬ǲŽйأ
أ

ôҪҪġ
ҲҴ飬üôǴҴ𣿡
ŶвҺ£
ЦƵ̫ӵ£㽲ҪҵѾߣ˶ˣôԸˣҲҪ߸˵ػ𰡣һ̫ӾؽǵĻʵ۱²Զˣ
С
˵Щİһ
š
һͷ
ǿ϶ǡ
ǵĻʵԸԼ޵ҲûҪƹӵĻ£һֵ˾塣
ȻʲôȲǴ
˵ٶ඼ûãһش
Ҫԣ
°һ
￴Ĭ˺һһԵˣҰҵأ

ʲôˣ
òһ䣬֪˼²֪״ʲô⣬һԺ˵̫ӵ£Ҳףʲôʱҵģ
ضһֱӾЦˣˣڸװɵ𣿡
Ĳ˵ʲô
ôĽҲ֪𣿡￴Ľһޱ飬һµĽҡԴ֪뿴ϵ۾
˱Ⱥ˵޳ܸסˡ
ոôһˣǶûп𣿡
ûסŴİմغ
İգ
һ£׷׿
ĿԲˡ
Ӧÿأûһʾ
ˣ
ЦǷӣˣ
ֱЦҡͷ
û
ػش
ǣ
̫ˣ
˻̫ȴһ˲侲Ǵ۽ˣˣл
һΣĬ˵
ҽӣ
ǣ
תߡ
˲ģ̫ӵ£
죡
ǳֱ˺ԶԺ󣬲ͣ½ŲһԵĺˮǿ𣿡
һȺ˿ʼߵسˡ
ʲô˵Ϲ
ʲôûһˡ
ʲôҪ޳ܵȵȡ
ǽһĭڷɡ
ҲţҲ̫ӣʱ̱侲ǷйһҲãȵڲʱ򣬲ſ˵Ƕĵ̣϶һ㣬ſôĿŵ˵ٻ
Ǿôˣ
Ȼܡҡͷڶ潻ǲȥǲʱ䣬뿪֮ǰޱʬҲˣ
ǣ
һ͸
ʵˣɺܲġ
Щ飡
Ҫˣԣ￪˵
ǣ
룬˵ǻʵ۵ˣͥɺصˣӽڰлͦеλģŪܶ˶ܵðɣ
ţ
ͷֲ࣬Ҫܵļƻ
ã
صͷ
ðŻ棬ǰĻǿ϶Ҫġ
ﲻ֪Ϊ
֪ġ
⡣
̫ɳνĴ˵ʱҾû㽻Լֳڻؼҵ·ϣЦӯӯ˵磬ֻҪעԼİȫͺã鲻ùܣ
ҲҪСġ
ֶͬοɲô
֪
ԣôŬؽ㣬ˣʱó
صҡ
緹ȥҰԺǵÿλ˶


126 
߽ҰԺ, Ϳ˶վѾķſڣһƨɣ쳤ӳ濴
ǰü, ˽ŲͬʱһĶ

ͺ
Ƭ̶ͣ
Ϣؿ
һ, 
ԽԽ
һ̣ͻȻ, һУרע͵ĸŵûһë
ѾãΪӵܹľţʶءŽ˳
Ҫ
̫ˣˣ
Ƿᣡ
˵ֱ꣬׷
ߡܿԺתȦȦ

־ֲͣĿڣứϻͣڡء, , ǾҪѧϰŲλá
򲻵򲻵
ȦȦﲻϵػͷ , ŵѾߣûԼװð廨ЬĽš
, ʲôû˵, ôŵĶñס
ˣ
һſ
ô
ŵЦȻֹ
ã
ּ˰ɣ
Ӧ
Ѿͷͣ, һ£̲Цϵ󻹲Ĵָ
ڵſŵĺܲЦġ
ǣ
̧ͷ¶õЦݣҲн죬۰
һһøȴ쳣ģԭǶÿζɹʱĸоǰǴ̫࣬أ㣬û°ɣ

ſڵϣͷ
أ
޵þ͸ˣ㣬Ѫˣ
ѪˣƤˡ
ûȥܡ
˸ڵϣ죬װ׵ƣ˼ݺô꣬һһţ뾲
ѾͷǰҩȵԱѹСϸһֱӾվļ򣬡ãģͣȡճʦ
š
һͷͿʼҷɣһġ
Ǹոڿʲô
ŻѾ˽ȥ
Ѿ̸ϣסȻˤñǿģЩ黹Ҫ˵ģģ
ݵ֣ˤҲˤôʵġ

գ۾ԼҴ˼ۿͿʼˮ
ʵ̫ˡ
Ѿķڡ
ڴŵѾ߽ˣ롱ЦС㣬Ҳн죬ȻǺӰ
ҪҪޣ
ôҲãȸ˶ʲôʸ˵ңơ
ѾֱӾ͹ͺ谡
ֱһ£޺ѾӣȷҪ޸ôһͲ׵ĻëѾͷ
ţ
޺ͷ
ѾأˣЦеʵӦ֪Сʲôˣһӵ飬Ȣ˼ҾҪǸʼǾԲġ
Ȼ
Ѿصͷ
ãܺã
ЦؿˣʼһȺŻ¡
ޣ
ǾͲʵʲô
ţ磬ûϸ˴ͻ飬ʵѾסҪҸլӣû뵽ȻѾȳɼңǼҲҪŶ
Ѿ˵ͦõġ
Ѿһ䣬С㣬ҲȥסȢԺס𣿡
Ȼˣ
Ц˵ҲǺ˵ֻҪڵĵطԶǵļңסþסãլһҪ׼ģҪӵʱҲֱӰȥ
ллС㣡
ѾЦ˵
޺ͻݵһ䣬ллС㣡
ãã
ûк̸Ѿʹ˸ɫ
Ѿ뿪ûһͻˣǸݸ
ת־͸ޣһԺ˶ͦŵģҲ֪ϲʲôļţʲôʱѾȥ򣡡
޿Ѿ
°Ѿ
лС㣡
˵һ䡣
Ѿֽһ

ҲУ
磬ᣬǽģͷҪŶֱӾͿ˵
аɣ
Ѿһ߽ܣҴүԺ˲۸ĻȥڽҲûйϵǼС￴ţδҲǽĹӣԣȫú£ǲ۸ˣҲκˣ
ޣ
ѾһѾ߿˵Ļ
ΪĹ»ûбǰûôŵġ

ô˵
Ѿ˵û˵꽫˹ȥ
պʱ䡣
Ϊ˻ûгɻ飬ԣ޵ʱסͱ˸ڵϿԺӣ滹кЩշ䣬ʰһ¾סˡ
˵Ļ˵ˣֱվˣ
ȵȣ
վ
վǽɻ˳ǾûʲôҪҵҵݣΪʲôɱ̫Ǳ顣
ͷЦҪ𣿡
ѵҪ
ȻҪǼѾϲ㣬Ǿ͹ˣ۹⣬˵㳤ôƯôǻˣ⻰޺⣬ﶼ׷׵ͷȻ£ôڿʼС͵ȥѾˣʲôùܣʼͺã
Ŀ𣿡
Ϊʲôԣ
￴˶СĿ⣬϶˵˵ԾͿԣҪѾ赲еķ꣡
ѾԺӣѾ˾ȥԼˡ
ԼԺѧϰ
Ҫȥ޵ûô򵥣㲻ΪôŲϣ̫Ǳ߾ûа취˰ɣ
԰
Ц˵
Ǹﲻô򵥵ġ

磬ԣҺܺöԸ𣿡
оԼ׵ˣ˵˵Σ
оǲĵ磬С̫ӣĻһһ£ˣǴʵ̫£ƲκεķˣʵʹŵˣǾԻβˡ
ĻʵҲǡ
̫ʴˡ
ǹ׶㰵ѷ
СվСļ룬ԼҴ磬С˵磬㲻ΪǻʵΨһŰɣ

仰ϢЩ󰡣
ԣ磬ĲҪңңĵؽ磬֪ϸΣһǼҴ綼Ц˵ܲһֱȥҲ֪һǴ棡

Ͷ˵Ŀȷˣ֪õ˶֪֯ˡ
ֱ
ΪˣôûҰġ
ޡ
ǸˣǵĺƤһԣʲôعµ֮ìǸ˶޹أ
űףƤ˵Դ
ҲԸݶõԭڡ
ķ裡
Ҳһ㣡
ɹǣĺ
Ҫ֮ǰõ磬ֱӴ飬ǾԻдʾ׵ĹʷǸ֪µģſھ̫ܾίһܿˣʲôûʣʲôҲΪ䴦βǶԿõķʽ
룬һãпܴܲһ㰡Ҳôġ
̫Ầµġ
ɾҪﵽʲôЧȴ
գһ۾ǴˣֻҪǵžͿԣϸһ룬˴˼һΪҵӣȤ鲻٣ҲһڿǸ룬ĿϽܶŮֻд㡣
£
ôҵ𣿡
ţ
ͷ
ԣֶһݣָʦ
øߵ

ͷ磬°ɣܲȺʹһģԸһ롣
ã
Ҳôġ
а磬ԶŵģмҪǳʲôӣ׵ҵʱǿҪҷֵ
üܳӣ
˭˵׼أЦ˵ֻǺýһŮƽȣͣر˿ƾȡʿҼٴҲ˵˼밡
һȻף㣬ͺã
аɣ
ֿ󣬸Կʼ
ֱ̫˻ʵۣ˵һ飡
ʵǴźЦݣͷţ˵Ķԣ
ѽǸӵģȫ˶û취ĵһ޲˵𣿿Ҫߣ
ⲻǺһճɾ

̫ӣ
ȷʵװɵ
ԭֻӣûҪõʲôﲢ
ĸ뿪
£̫ˣ̫ˣ

f
ﲻãЩĽǲһ֪ǵʱǾһģһ㣬϶ģʺõƺ֮ǳϵ󳼣Ǻ󹬵Ůˣµĺӡ
ǡ
ĸûʷ˵ôңʺУ̫ڻӵĵλҲУⲢʾͲ
ߡ
ʺںžԵĵλûбΪ̫ӣȴѾʵ۴ߣȫĬһμ̳˵ݡ
أ
ﴹü
Ϊ̫ӣһ˿ܷġ
ΪҪ
̫ҲУ
ܸоԼԽԽԼ
ζ֮У˵ǶԼøδؾûдȥ˾Ͳܻش˼Ѿ˸ʵв
ǣ
ЦûаֱȨʲôıȨλһȺʿ
ֱΡ
Ҳһ٣ǧġ
侲һЩٿſʼ棬żɳȥ̽Ϣѣһ־ͱС侲˵
ǣ
ҲʶˣǶҪжɹͱƻܡ
޵ɢȥٱ༸֮ҥԣ
һģʹޱԼޣôһѾͷˣ͸޵òС
ǣ
ֻǣⲢס
Ҳ뵽˲ŹޣϢúдһݼƻԼҴ͸˻ϡ
뿪ͥæ͵мһʱ䣬߽ҰԺ

￴һ׵̿ˮ˫Ųϵˣ߲ƵϢ̫Ũң£ҽû
֪
ͥɵͷ˭˵ǽʣ
ٴ̿ˮ
ﲻɵ̾Ϊ֮ǰǽ顣
Ҵˣ
˾ҪѾͷ㶮İɣͥ˵߰ɣ
ȥ
֪ˣ
Ҫˣɶ˫۾ҡ
ԭΪѾ죬׵Ҳˣ֮ǰǼôȥˣ˭룬Ӳ
׵ڵš
ҲСӺԺߵǰԺطʱеӶڣǸӡ
ǽҪͷѾͷġ
ǣϴ󣨴磩᲻Щ̫ˣ
ˣ
ֵسɫఴձ̫̫Ϊһŵ˴к
ˣ
ðɣǰ׵ˡ
Ѿͷĳûмһ㣬䳡룬˳ǵ߿ȥȻ̧ͷҮôֺøߵһӰ𹿰
ԣ
ϽջԼ˼ӡ
㲻룿
㲻ϲǽ𣿡ͥ¶΢ЦģҶ˺ĲݵӣҲˤġ
˰ɣ
û裡
ͥɿԼҹŮվã
Ŷ
ԹԵվãƽĵÿ£԰ѻ˵Σã
һٴΡ
һõô
ٿһǸӣĺøߣ׵Ūôĸӵģԣѽӽʵ𣿡
Ҳ֪
죬һʱϢһӣһаʱϢʱ䣬һٴԼ䣬֮ûͼţһ˵ţһ߽ãȻǣľԱߣ׼õںϡ
ͷƤЩ飬ܲһ£һģ
ģλ̫ҽʮʱ㡣
Ǻǣ֪ԼӲˣֱӾͳų˼øܵ
ˣ
ͥɰúؿĹŮҵһ㶼ᱻġ
˵ģôТ𣿡
˵ţһתѧò治ҵ
˵ûҲûá
˵꣬ͥӣԽȥ
˫أ˲ϵ߲ϵ㣬ٿ㣬棡
ͥɣ
ˣ
ô£ҵ˶ˣű߸߰ŵĶС㣬ܴأ˷ܵظ߸裬һɵˣ󲻵òٴγϣ治ͨ˰
ҪǻǣŶ˺
ҸڵԺӣܳһ
ѽ
ͥɿݰ
Ϊͦͬġ
Ȼ󣬲һʱ֪׵ںøߣøߵĸϣΪ˳ͷ֮ǰǽٶ
жߣ
һʮʮ٣ж߲ҪҪǵǿжߣ׵Ѿ칬ȥˡ
ԭĽֵվˣͨղȨҵҲܰ԰
Ҳţվڽֵͷ
һ߿һߺ˷
ַǷ
ʦ
ֱܽңܵӵ£̧ͷؽеû°ɣ
ûѽ
ɰ
ðɡ
֪ˣ˵϶û¡


127 
һ, 𾪹һĵӴǽһĭڷɣð⡣
ʵϢʱûܿס, һ°, ϢĽ, ûסһ, жߣ
ͳǽһߣ
»ʵ, ΢΢ǰ, ڴʵû
û, ͦ˵ģ
ʵۣ

ˣ
ˣ
Լ๫ǰĸ, һϸϸ̲סθߣ, ʵ̫ˣ˻飬˻飡Ƽ˵ˣ϶, ԲȢŮӣ
գ
ٽܣ
㿴, ٿ㡣
˵, ҵȥ, ͵㱻ʲô, Ҫ죬ҹﶳ˿ɲã
ת˳ȥ
һ, ˣ
ֵ˵, ҲǷͬ, ٽܵĲ
Ʒ˸, 㿴㿴ĺöӣʲôţͲұ𣿹үҾˣ϶ңҲҪȥѻˣһͲףʲôĳͷãҪһôߵϣ裬ҪңҪңֱһͷˣô˼ȥ
Լҷ˵Ļ̣ûסһ䣺ԷȲ

Ʒ˵ɴ۾־Ŀڣһģۿһ죬͵ڹүҾȻһӵıȲ𣿡
Ҳ̫ˣ
Ҫˣ

Ȼʵպͷڵģ˵ʵ¶ԴЦݣˣ˵öԣ
̫ˣ
Ʒ˸ˣֱүʮ޸㡭
Ļնܹˡ
ȵ˵꣬ѾСʱ̧ͷԼ๫Ȼڿ飬ΣɾôװιȥЩģ˵ڳװβԼ๫עһ㣬ֳеı飬ڵϣֻ룬ûǸӣ
أ
ѹ
ôôడ
һˣ
֮¡
ðɣ
ϣݻͥɺݣҲԼҹŮ顣
İѾϰʱʱ˳ԾϢʹǰһһӦǲܡ
˵ͥںŮ
˵Һܳ
ǰϢôʵϲʵɣͥѵøʵһôϲŮӰϣĺ
һĬ
£˵л᲻ʲôı
ԽԽÿܡ
ͻȻ۾һǺֵúܲ죬Ҫ֮飬룬ϣһ㷴ûУǻ᲻ʱȲʤȯ
˸ŵͷ
Ȼǿ϶ܴȥɱ˵ģ·㣬˷Ҳܷ㣬ϾҹﶼԲˣ
ڵͷ
˵̫еˡ
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š
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ǰֻǷӣôһ˵ǡ
Ĺﷸ˴ܳͷʱҪܳͷģǺˮͷģָʹҲ֪ΪãǵıҲˣô絶Ҳûв֣֪Ϊʲô𣿡
ôһ㶮ġ
Ӳ̸֮ɱӰǣεһõѣǾǺӽʱԲ룬ǲܣԺȥǽѵÿζôһʱʧĺ˺ͻϾͳܲ𰡣ʷ˵Ҳǵ׵İҲк۰ĶŮŮĻëҪܵġ
صͷ
鶼ôЩͨտûıӰţعһЩ
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۾һ
˭ûߴð˴һѵݣԼûʲôõóֵĶɲûа
ЩѡϵƷᱻչݣдƷϸ֣ͥסַʱİչͣ
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ˣ
һת㶼μӣЩ˻л𣿡
ǡ


128 
İ˼, ʷ˵װǰ֪ǱǸҪᣬ, Ҳϸһ֪, չݱǻרΪõ, Ϊ, ԲȴһҪ㹻Ŭ, һжΪ̤ʵİܹʳǡ
һĸж
ʷֿʼ˼δҪ˭ô˵ģҪ, , Ǵмͥĺǣǲ˵ϣ, ŻרųչݣúǼʶһĳǣԳΪĿ, Ȼֱ׷, ΪǸĴڣֻ, ǵĴ, ǵļͥ, ǵĶһһǿ, õĴ
̫ˡ
Щոжöˡ
ͨ, Ҳ֪ʶҪԡ
Ҳ֪˭ͷ, 
ֱʷ̧, ذ԰ȥԹƽ񣬲ץסλᣬܴջʲôҲϣչݱǻϿĺ飬ȴΪѹɣ
ˣ
˵ˡ
£ҪٹһĻᱻİɣ
ʷëɣ
ȥٹ٣Żʵ۵˽£һ£ģֱǲҵ
չ³ĲţҪְλ⣬Ҫ֣ҿԿйʾ
ʷȻȫ˵ЩջڿҪʱӳôһͰصĺ£ϲ۾ⷢȻ˵յʹİȽ϶ǱˮнǣԲһΣԺƵйԲ٣ǵĴ˵Ŭ£δԽԽõġ
ʷ˵꣬ˮԺ̨
Щ׼뿪İձסˣȱߣҲ̱ģ˵˵չݵ飬ոʷҲ˵ˣչְλֻйĶˣǷ֪Щ˸ɵҪɣõǮҪ࣬ǴǵλҪߣ
ΰǵòƽⱾͺ
ƷΩжߣ仰Ųɵġ
ǵڶ𣿻ΪʲôҪѽǶʶ֣˽ɴΪǴȱٴĶˣ
ĳƪۺǱڴһαˡ
ˣﶼ̲סĽϰա
ζʲô
ˡ
޺ҥԣûõģɢȥģ
ȵĬãһʮִ󵨵ľޱʶʷˮԺѧһ壬Ļʵߵ̫ˣЦøɵƵĻʵֻҪˣȫõġ
òϣʱĺĽĻʵۡ
ôĹĳӣһȶʵøá
ҲûãΪ˴ʵ۱
Ȼμ뿪һ궫ʲô
ҪԽ̫Ļʵ۾ԻԴֵġ
µĻʵ˺ü磬ȫ֪˵С
Ǻææȥʥּʾ
ʥּдøϸˣֽ֯ľż̵ȵȶڣôҲǲȥԵģܱܲѡϣʲôϵҲûʲôʧٿԻŽַھӴţҲвյˣͦġ
йЩ׳ĺӺʧ
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ǿ϶һᶼûˡ
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ⱾӦõġ
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չǵһΰ죬Ϊʥּô˵ҲҪʱ׼һƷ˵һôҲ࣬Ȼʧˣûһ˳Ķ顣
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ĴĲƲ㣬öţչҪӽĽҲöţôƷţϿǹ涨ʱģڶͿչݵģʱý ˵ǻһҪԴð˺òã
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ֵֿæµһ߽ʱ͸ܵˡ
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ѾѾѾѾ
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ͷ
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ţ
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ȵЦˣһȺ˵ı鲻ԣ°˵ʲô˼𣿡
С㣬㵽ʱ˵˵ʲôհóʲôƷ
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ȷ
һȺ˵
صͷҵİѡĻһĻʱ磬Ҫúò飡
Ĭһ˵ػߺţ
ѡ
Ϊİ
Ϊ˶Ϊϲ֪жõԭİûѡֱһϹȥͻϵӣԻû˽ǰͽȥġ

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ٺ٣磬˵û˼˰ɣЦеؿŴѾȥСҿ㹤Ǯ
ѾŰسš
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ŵģ
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ؿ˵˵
ָʹˣǽһλָʹɫ崺ټӢ߳Ļѡ϶û룬˭ƷԼȵǳΪʷԺĻǾǼֵǵֻԼĳ࣬¼ᱻǧŴУ
Ŀ
Ĳ
ôû뵽
·ǳĶɺ侲˵ҿǿǣ
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һߣѾƷţڳĶĵŶӣһȺһѾߣ̾ǵ⣬ɿĴŴ磬ûж룬ֻΪļҵС㲻˼ԼѾ߹ոҲٵСѾߣ
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ʲô
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Ѿһ仰û˵ֱһ˹ȥŶԷأȻֱȥԱߵĶ飬һϣǵļ¼
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ëɣ
ĸУ
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ã
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Ƿӣ
ţʲô˲㲻ǸѾߣӲŹġмСֱӷźݻֵضİûһȾˡ
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ѾСǻͷųĶ顣
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аɣڵȵȣл˵˵ͺ
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С̾ð˳һпվŶ㣬ǿϿ̫ˣö໰⣬ǵ֮ǰ˵ĻŮ֮ƽȣôϣȥѾһʲô֮ƽȣдһƪ¸ҿ
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磬ţ˵µĶʼٵд
Ա߿ţãô֮ǰ˵Ͳƽȵ𣿡
ȻУ
ͷ˽ôҪϣ˶ƽȣɷ
ıҲΪдúչܶĵط
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һߣͥɵҪ󣬡ȷ
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С㣬ҼСģ
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Ц˵ô
ҽάӿԣһӾͿԣѾһȥģ
Щ
Ѿ֪С˼ּ˵㿴⼸жٵͶԵǵүү̫үүˣǶʵʵŶӣ׳ƾʲôԲӣƾƤ𣿻ǾԼ˸߹˫Ⱦǽˣ


129 
֮ǰ, ûмͨգǲǺۻ, ɨһһתһӡûеĴ, ΧѾ߶ʮġ
شǰˡ
ǿҵĲʡ
ͷû, Ӻܶ࣬Ŀǻǣ, ̾ͽ˫תͷװɫʽȵȫûһ˿, ϵĲЬĻҳվŵʱҲ, ͦñֱǾ˱Щ
ΪʹĹϵһֱԼǴΪ
, ʱ˿̣ЩãǴϰԭӵģеزЩ
ѵǶĿġ
˼۾ûͣһ߿һ߳˼
ֱĿͣһүү˫ֵƷʱ, ۾һ, ľͷ, ԼСֱôÿãܹǰүү̵ʱİ꣬ȱԼҸƷϸܵ
صһӾ;ɲ١
ԭ۾úܲõİգԼȴúҸ˫ֺѿּ룬ɿݵʧˮֵ֦ɴʱĲȴȫʧˡ
׼¶һ˿ЦݣүүͷڴؽƷȥĹԱɨһۣҡͷϸ񣡡
ɴ۾
үүЩʧܿ͵ؽˣƽŰС̯ʮͭ岻ȵСûѡҲ
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ΪʲôֱӾ˳ﲻϸˣ
С﷢࣬ǵﲻҲζǾ͸ҵòã
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Ͳܺúõڹţ廨٣ддʫ
һѴүĵط
еġ

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130 
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ʣǲ, Ҳ
Ϊ̫ӣ̲ͳһ׳־ΪԼܣŴǰδеĻԻͣĿû֮ǰ, Ƿǳϧġ
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֮µõͳڣ̫ӵ£Ȼ㶼Ҫǻʵ۵, ʲô
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ǰܴŶ
ЦŪĻǿЦ˵˵˵ǰи׼
ܣǱ˯ˡ
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ǣһȺ˵۾û뿪ʹŵˡ


131 
ԼøżĴ󲿶, شӻʹһȺɱڹ󳼣﷢ֵС
رԼ׵ƺƽ, ʵһֱھܻһʱ׼űұµģ
̫ˬˣ
ȵֹԺ, ͿʼסС
һı仯
ɾ, Ҳõ·СľͲȵ, Ϊ˹, ڷһע⿴ǽ, վŻŵشС۾Ļ棬, Ҫ, Щ仯, гɾ͸, ˵ﻹסһȺ飬ú, , ǴӻϣȰѧϰܶİա
ô˵أ
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, ø, á
ʹﲻԽǰȰĹ񸻹ǿŬ͵˲ӡ
˼ţܿ͵˼ȵĵط

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رÿϻҪʱѧϰ, ۵Щʱ򵹴˯
Ѿ˵, ҲƷеƷſٵҡ
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һҽ, 
ҲûйĨ, 뿪˵ʱ򷢻ı, ֪𣿡
ţ
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134 
ѹ˵, ͬһеĴȴʮֿġ
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Ĵĵ̾Ͳһˣ·ڶĽ, ټЩƢŹ, ҲǺ, ʹɱɱͨϰ˭Աû¸ȥ
ڲһˡ
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۾͸һʮǮĸо
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ڻ飬Ǯģ

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˵ǣǾ¥Ŀ˶׷׿Ǽˣŷһʱ׼·ģµû֮ǰôˣҪӣÿ־нѲߣֻҪҵǾͰȫˡ
ͬͷϿգ
ҵӹ̫ˣҪͷӶǰôǣȻһͷǰֱ¶һƵı飬Сû
һӾˡ
Ͽյĳˡ
׿Ǹ󰡣˵Żַڳϣǰһ
ˡ
Ǻǡ
ĽǾԼһȣͨ˸벻ۣҿ㻹ܣ

˳׵ӣС˵ϿԼˣ׸սô죬ȫĹ͡
ͥһӾ˼
Ҳˣļһ
һֱ̣Ӱν
ֱһУѾͷǣӰ
İȥչˣѾͷûУ
ĸֱҹȥ
ղ׷׶㿪ʮΣյؿһȺ׸棬
ṦĿܣ
ִغ
ĺܴ
¥̰Ⱦܣ¥ϣ̫̫ȽʮȫҪֵĲܿͳ˾¥ٶȣֱӾ;ס˻ȴܲԼ̵ҼλС㣬ٿλˣٶҲԣ٤ãһȹһ˼š
лѾͷεΣ
ʱ򲻻Ṧܵȫûлͷ
Ǻ̵ؼǵãΣյʱûʵܵǰæǧǰﵹæ
ܣ
ȥȱˣ
ΪĺֱӰν
ͥҲѵŮıӡ
ˣһ
ܵһ¥һӣһ˭˭ģûܵϿεظ󣬡ҪңҪˣҲŹģ
ǺǣҲ¹
ֱ˵вûţ
Ѿ
޶ѾСؽеȻѧĹѾҪãϲ˱ĸо
ôܣ
Ѿֱӳ㣬ˣûн򣬱Ҫ

С˵
Ѿ
ðɡ
Ư˵öԡ
ԼҲмҵˣ»ûгףԷ޸Լα£Ҹ˵һҪסҪһҳŲסһҪңǼСܣ֪𣿡


135 
ޣ
ѾദһЩʱ, ֪ǵĸĺãôΣյʱ̣էһѾĻ, ̲סЩ㵣رڿѾһ沢ǿЦʱ
ôˣ
Ѿʡ
ҡͷ, £
, һ, Ҫ󺰴, ֪Ҳµġ
Ѿŵ, ۾Ѿվ¥ϰ͵ɵӽ, ͷҲûлص˵
Сͽ̹ǡ
ܾͲҪϻ, ָҪаֵԥ, öԷôֱӳȥͿˡ
У
Σ
ӲҲ״
ΪһеĸףͥȻվԼҹŮǰ棬űӣվһ¥űߵĽһ㶼ġ
, Ҳǿտ˵Ķ֮һ¶һĨҴųЦݣף˭뵽, Ŀտ˾Ȼ䵽һëѾͷ, ʲô˼ΪʲôͲܹԹԵȥ
һղʬ, һվͲܰ, ϲģԶںԡ
ͥɣѾ˶׷׿Ͽա
ոû̫ע⣬ΪԼˣһǿףֱӾʳ˵ģ
տ˵ȣȻСڣ޶Ŀŵ׷ɱֵкֻһˣãʱǲŵϿףƽｫͥɫ࣬ȫޣҪ˸ҺԻͶԷƴġ
˵ТǶҪصĶ
һ˫˫˼Ŀ⣬ϿӲͷƤͷ
ͷȥԺƤ͸źǰ׵ģôǸʧܵĸףǲ̶ӣ˰ɣ
ȺˣؿЦɣ
ڳûһ˷Цġ
Ͽյļ򣬽֮ȱ˲Ĵ壬ϿգȻﶼ˵ġ
˵һ˵Ǵ涼Ϊ
˼õĴڡ
ɱ֮ȫ񼫵ģ΢ûôֵģ϶飬Ҫôж˶Էһ첲ȣҪô˵˵ĹΪѵģ޹֮һûУҪӲŶûа취
Ȼ
Ĵ棬֮ӣʱȻ˵ˣ͸Ͽ˵֪Ǳ鲼

ֻ˭õԭǺϻϿĵļһҲǿ
ʵϣ˽̺ﶼãϿյ޶Ǵ
һһ
ϿıأȻӦúúõعŰ
ǲ̸飬̸Ҳǰһ
һλӣŽͶ˿ˣûж֣Ӿ
ô콭쵽仹ûбŪģ
ԷĽָĻ
Իһ䣬ֵܣǵ𣿡

Ķǣ
ĴԴô֪࣬սپ
ˡ
ͦõ
Ͼͽˡ
һתϿʹһҲܶԷû̾ȥǰƣһĵЦݣᣬᰡǲʶͷġ
ĸѾͷͷȻͬʱԣǲʶֻ·
ޣ
ҪôҪôôء
ͥ΢΢һ鴤˵ʵ°˵ԸҲԼҴŮһ˰ȻѾͷһݣϲϲҪһ ҲǽԱ߿ţҪֺģЩ˻䣡
ţһԡ
Ÿʣ˷һĿˮ
ΪŮĻ¶£ֻͥĽöѾͷĻ׵ѾȻܿģʲô̬
Ͽһ£ͷӦ

һߵؽе
ǰƣԸŬ㣬ô
Ϊʲôܣ
˵ҪΪұģ
ûУ˵˵
˵ģ
ûУ

˿ʼһһ䣬±ǣı̫ԣϿԽķŭģȫһ˵ģ
¿ˬ
ͥɺʹѾȴۿֻԭص˶

ʱӵú޼
ޣ
ʱ˿̣ЩΪʲôѾǴˡ
ü
ԣ̫ӵ䵽ڵ³ҲͲôˣϾϲ˶֪̫ӵҪý˶ԸӣٺҲ״
¿𾢶
żһѻ𣬡ףǱģ˭뵽һëѾͷұ㣡ԼҲû뵽нɣ
Һûϵ
ߣƲҲҪһ汳ģ
̫ݶˣ
ҵģ
֣
ţ
Ų㣡
ᰡҲţһУ
һйƨ°

һء
Ѿ˶ҪǷˣţԱ˷ͷ
ʦʱ䣡ͻȻһ¹Ƿʲôһ㣬е
˵
ֱŭ
ʱɿϿգҲ¡
ˣˣ¸оԼܵ裬һֱӾŭ죬ɱ䣬ڣܺãףȻҲҪһ汳ģҾѾͷ
Ļո£Ѿ¥Ʈ
ֱӴ𣬡磬ٲ֣þҪ˴ɴ˰
죡
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Ľ䣬ʮ׷׽˰Χ
ȥ˯
ʱ¶õЦݣȻкԼ׵ĸѾͷѾ˳˾¥
ͥɿһԼҵ׵Ķӣ΢΢ͷҲŶѾͷ뿪ˡ
Ĵ򶷼ȫõġ
һ¥Ϳҵˣͥûһ䣬㲻ܴͦ𣿹ؼʱôôˣ
Ͽһصͷ
Ͳ˰ɣ˵ŻߵϷ˵ǰǵ̶ֱۣ׵飬ô벻ոǲ˷˶θ´
Ѿ˵ͷǸ
ѾԱ߶˵Сÿһ仰㶼ҪסԺͿã𣿡

صͷŬؿƲԼı޴ѧˣԭص㰡
ô˵Ҳ˵ͨ
ֻǡ
˵ıǲãϷֱӽֱ۳˳ֱӸһԹϱҧгݵ˵ôȥȱʱôû뵽θ´
ǣѾͷÿɲص
һô㣡ܵˣ

ֱӱΧˡ
̧ͷ죬Ȼ˼ʣѾϰˡ
ûκ⣬ȫץһӣһ·Ѻ
һ죬İһǼʶˡ
ߵͷ֪𣿡
֪ͷҲãƤظû뵽ȻҲɹˣ
ʲô˼ǰǴĿտˣ
Ŷ
˷̾һ̣ʵտ˭
ֵһˣ书µһ֣
ŶǺȻأ
ڰյжãһʲôģ󲻳Ҳ̫ģͦˣǺĲص㣬ǣϿձ޶¶׷ɱ鱻˳
һس͡
ΪТ˳Ķû¾ˣٲǺ˶죬ʱʵʵذ򻹸ܡ
û뵽
Ȼ˸Ҷ׶֡
ⲻ𣿡
ТʱЩտɲȥտʲôԵŵ޶ΪǶɱףѾǵ߸ۣΪδŵˡ
ǲ±𣿡
Щˣֲǲ֪𣿡
ǵҲǣ
ô˵϶Щ˵ֶӦһЩ˵Ż΢ѹһ
ţ
˶ͬ
Ȼǲ֪µ˶Ŀһ·һΪ̽ɵǣܹ˵ȵ裬ҪȥЩȫɱ⣡
ֻҲֻѡ
赽Ҳֻܺ޵ס˽Ρ
ǹؽԺͽȥæˡ
ϿյվܵӰ죬ʱϣܺ޲ҧԷڲһˣҲпڵ̫ݣٴοӣﾹȻûôˣȻҲûж٣ܴԼã
Ĳ֪ԼʲôΪʲôô

һϿ̾
ϿգԷˣ
ڴѾ
ԣûθڡ
ǳ԰ɣ
һɤӺȥȻơ
Ȼ󣬶ֵϿ˵ԣĻÿ˶ܶһ㣬̫ˣ
ţûûиģϾˣдԻ黹ͬһȽϺã
С㣬ˣ׼ʳĲǺܶ࣡

ƵϿնֱҲ죬ֱһӾֱ塣
̫ˣ
ôѹˡ
ԻȻ
ߡ
ȥƫҪȥ
شȥͿһȺûĵûеպˣü˫ѾˣҲ˵ٵӣϲ齴һƨɼո˵ȻϲĲȫŵԼǰŵؿˡ
ҲڿϿգһۺ
˻ЩŲޣֱӣȥǰĲˣ
̫ˣ
ϰ׶
ҵģ

˼󣬷ֻͷԣҲ˵ˣԲǹؼȵӲ౥ԺϿյˣƲֵػȥţûһͷ˺
ԺſڿＸŷ

ǶˣҲûеȫⲻϿյ飬ֻԼ뵽İ취ţЧ
޺ϿһԺӣż뿪ĺůرҲĹ̧ͷ죬ĬĬظлǰĿӶΪЩˣپÿˡ
Ͽձķ䣬ϱӣ
ŻصԼķ䡣
š
ܺóԣҪѾѧϰţѾãһҪѧȡճ˵ϴʰԲܱɿջУҲҪһõˡ
ǣһԼԺʰøɸɾ˵ȥڴɨһ͵С۷䡣
ѾҪһЩŸɸɾԺӺһѾڵˮѾ·ѾźˮѾķſڵţѾȫĽʣӦԼСѾŽ
ѾЦź޴к簡
磡
һЦǽһѾϼ֣룬˵һ䣬㲻̫ңԼĵС
ҾϲЩ顣
Ŀģıܿó
Ѿˣ
Ȼÿ϶ǻ̲סĽ
У㿪ľͺã
ѾҲǿ
õһӼ˵һ̿ʼζ൱
չݵ鼯˴󲿷˵ߣﻹǾҵҵȥŵġ
ϻȥ˶ͦãֻϿְڳһƵģ鲻ãԻ
Ѿ˿
ԣͷԣ
⻹࣡
ϣҺѹԻ
Ѿ˵ı鲻ǺܺõؿǺóԣųⲻסŶðˡ
￴Ͽգ˼ЦݣУһΣ
еģ
ϣˣҲ֪ʲôʱˣһٳһٻ
Ѿ¶õЦݡ
һ֣ϿԼԺ˳š
Ͽտǰɫűߣտջ
ֱӵݹȥһſţרΪ㿪ģʲôʱԣǴԣ˶Ϊ׼ģȥɡ
Բ㣡
лл
̫жˡ
ȻΪרſһҵꡣ
Ц߽ȥ
һ̣ЦݾʧˣΪǲûнǲ𣿡
ָԼҲԣǻȥ࣡
ڵصͷǾöʱڶԻˡ
ҲҪ𣿡
ϿտͰ͵ؿһȺˡ
ԼĸѾͷ
⻹ûû
ϣ
׺ݵһڣûаĸѾͷͳ˹ţʲôģһپͺˡ
ϿհȾܡ
һϣϿҲûгԻǸһȺ˳ϡ˵ʵڵģʵҲˣнϲʱζǺܲܡ

Ȼ࣬ʲôͳʲôԸò㡣
ˡ
ˣ㵽Ҫôֱ˵𣿡ĿҪþˣ̾ģŲŶ
ʲô𣿡
Ͽ̾;
ĸѾͷÿɵӵĿ˵ҲôС˵ϿƾʲôƾӶ
أ
һбۣԼᡣ
Ǿǲˡ
Ĭһ££
˭
Ҷӣ£
˵
Ц˵С飬Ҹ㰲ţ
лл
ȷʵС飬ڽǸסڵΣҲǸûɱ޹֮ˣôгһ죬ҪУҲûˣȥҲͦõġ
²˽⣬˶붼ںߡ
Ͽգ
ô˵ˣ
ӦǸأǸأ
룬ѯʵҪҪ׼һóԵģ
ͷȥ
׼ҲãԺúʣʱ㣬İ￪˵
Ҳȥ
ͬʱ˵
Ǻǡ
Ϊ֪Ⱥ˾Ǻ棬Ͼ˶֪


136 
ڶһ˾׼ȥ, ϸоһµǸʲôƷ֡
뿪ǰѾޣ㲻ȥ𣿡
ҡͷ, Ҳȥ
Ͳ棡
һҡͷ棡
Ĳ档
ǵ², ϲ￴ңѾ·оյȵ飬ţ⼸ɫĹӦõõõչˣرѾǺ޲ܽʳסȫˣԼ·, Ķ׼ģصڳķˣ뵽ǳ, ֱҪ̫Ҹ
涼, ǳջҪר, ȵѾһóԵʱ, ͿƳ
ѾҲûǿЦһ, Ǻܿͻ
޻֣תˡ
ճԺžͿվŵ
һߣһ߶ŴѾ˵ѽ, ǵץ, ʵľʹ, ѾһĽʲôãж
С˵öԣ
ѾȻͬġ
УһҾڴϸץһѾЦ
ǿɲɣǿУŲҸץؽƤź򣡡
ţţ
Ѿһصͷ
С㣬ҲҾڼϵһҪһ˽ӲסСһӣѾź˵Ļ˿Цá
Щ̫ûдˣ
ѾҡͷС㣬Ҫһӣֳ
ѾͶѾͬʱĴָǰһ䣬Ѿʲôࣿ
˵һڡ
ô˵˵žͱζˣʹ˽
Ƶع䵴ҡڵ߽Σţһţһ˫˫۾Ŷ¿ˣּۣˣ
мк
䣬ԳƵߵѾ֣ͬˣ㿴̫ãǸˣ
£

ˣ
һͺ𣺡
ЦøӲǷˣһ̬Ƶ£ǺԽģǱ߾Խþûôˡ
ȻϿգֻǹڣԣЦؽĿ⿴Ͽգ˼Ǹˡ
ϿĿǸӵؿ¡
ӡ
š
С˵ж谮ǿ϶ûеģϾԼŮһѣҲһѣټΪֵһˣÿ춼ҪҪרѧܰԼŮȫд־ѾˣﻹʱȥŮ
Ҫ˵һ㶼Ҳܡ
ϾԼҵĺӡ
Ϊṩ˸רΪһѧϿտѾǳˣǺһ㣬
Ͼûмܹġ
ô飬ҪٽЩ˵ɶӶԴǲܵġ
ԣҲϻֱӿżɽʵԣܺң
ԣҺ㣡
µĿɱ˵ĻϿѾ˲֪ٱ飬ʱ˿ҧгݵؿϿգ޲ܻû˻ĺǼٵġ
Ϊʲô
Ͽտʵ

¿һ޹ͲϿգֱӾЦˣ㾹ȻΪʲôԼԼ֪𣿡
ʣ
۾ضϿգһϽԼʲôɥĲ
Ȼ
ϿĲ֪
Բװġ
ȻóʱСĽ̬ȣĵ̣˵˵Ҿ֪ˡ
Ĵ
Բġ
¿һʹࡣ
ڴ
ֵһˣտ˵ĺӣ˵ȥͻһƬĽ
û
ǰڳ֮͢⣬ֵһǵλĺͻʵ۲࣬¾൱ڻӣһ£ֻҪûģȥǻʶģΪʲô˵⻰ʱôʹ࣡
ţ
϶дܣ
˵
еҪ֪
Ͽյ³ϸ룬ûʲôԲ⺢ӵ鰡ͺơ
ǣֵһˣֵһˣߵԶֵһˣҴʮ괳һֱڣҵĺӶʼˣÿ˼ҵһᵽֵһ˵幫ӣǺʹడ
һδεظҵ֣Ȼû˼ǵס
޷˭⡣
Ͽգ
ˣ

Ѿûסһ䣬Ϊͺ޲׵ȥ
ֻúʧԲոôڴ
Ȼֹ³Ѿŭ𣬡㶮ʲôӶ¿ʼҾͺŬ
óҲŬ
˾ΪԷļһ䲻
Ҵ磨ӣҲôŬû˵ΪףⶼΪԼǰ̣ѧľԼģֲΪˡ
أ
ָϿգۿ죬ð˻ǾеҰޣϧԱߵ˶һĮȫ᲻ıݣÿԪڣָǹһһ꣬ڽ϶ͷ»УȻһķƵɵؾͽǵڴ͵ٵһɶ·ڸǣֻҪڵһ죬ԶǷ
ȵȣող˵ͷֵһ˵幫𣿡

죡
¸ӷŭˣص
Ͽա
Ͽպί̫ҲҵĴ
뱳
Ĵ˭ģǵĸףѵͲڿ˵츳ǲҪ̰࣬ǵѧʺǵģǣΪʲô㶼ˣǻ򲻹㣡
Ͽȫķŭһ䣬Ҳ˵츳
ǣ϶ǣ
ҡͷֵܽôˣôʦֵǣѵûһ츳𣿺Ǿ֪ˣǳ㣬ԣһֱûнľѧ̸ǣʲôֵһˣһ˽αӣ
Ͽտ£ʵҲΪʲôô뻹Ǿʵʵ˵ϵˣҵĶӣͽǣΪֹûһ츳ҵģûƭ㣡
Ҳţ
ҡͷ
ţ
صͷ
ȣûгӰֵһ˭ܵ𣿸οֵڶ֣
زģǾԲǵŬܴ̿ﵽģȻܴˣʱ츳ǷǳҪġ
š
Ͽյ츳ȷʵĽʺޣ
Ѿȣǣ츳һ㣬խ
Ѿ̶ȣǺЦ׵ʣֵһ˵Ǹ˶ܸ𣿡
Ѿ̶ȣӣҲû˭ˣҪţͱˣ
Ѿ̶ȣڸв֪
Ǳ죡
µǵӶҪѿˣǶʲô
Ӧñ죡òһˣΪ̫ˣһ㶼ԶֻԼԭ򣬶ǾñǴ
Ѿ˿
ͷ
㣬ʲôϵǴӲԼ㣬ԼȻſ㣬ͦõġ
㲻ɱֵһˣǾֵܰһ˵Ӱɣ
һ仰ǲµģȻһԷ΢ЩӲı飬ˣϿգͬһӣ
ͬ飡
ͬ飡
ͬ飡
ͬ飡
ĸͬڽ
ллŶҪϿԸҲû뵽ɣɶûе°ͣԶᶮʲôиߴʤ
У
ͬʱһۡ
ĺӣԹԵؿЦ¼ŭԲҪɱ׵ԭΪԷ̫ǿˣǿ̫ˣһȺԶͷ֮գǶʲôָϿգѾôŮˣҪҵɣ
Ŷ
ɣ
һǹҵְаԣ̴տڴͳӣһ߿һе


137 
취˵е, ôʱԼ˵ʵеļƻû, ͷۣ
̫ӱдһչʮѸ١
һطϣ֤ȷ£̲൱ٵؽ᰸, Уô, ʵ̲ں˴ɷ̺󣬴һԭʼָһ, ˿ٵͻȥ, ˻ôͼӴףǶں
ǲ̲ζ´
ʹԶǿҹͣرܣҲһԺˣʱ, ѾЩ, ҡӣһѶѳˣ˵żҳ̣֦ڵϱȻѧְ֣
һ˽ǡ
ֻһҲû¡صĻӭʽ, һڵˡ
Ϊ֮һɱ, ֲúЩտһ˫ȶ̲ס, ߲ư
ܾĺܷŭ
ôҲû뵽ǸТӾȻİԼ޳ȥˣ޸һѾߣһˡ
ҪĵһŪǸ
ˣǺֱӴ˳鸮ۡ
򸮵˵ɵ
ǵжǾͲ˵ˣСѾǽָʹڵĽеӵĶ֪ǲ𣬸˵ﻹһˣǵûһҲģڿһˣﾹȻڸ̣ɵӣ
ʲôģ
վǰغǳ⡣
ܾΪ֮ܺ¡ĽȻֻûӣҲ磬Ҳ£Ⲣζһʼ͵򣬹֣˵ܾݷˣͷͨ
ܾ

ʲô
Եȣ
Ȼ˼ûȻҲ䣬תܣ˼Ų԰ǸүͶСڽͣ˽Ųߵһ˵ȥȥ
Ȼܳ򸮡
š
ܵӰ죬ǼҶСͽܵʱҵͰţΪһҪǻܲӮӵĻǾЩˡ
ǣҲڰϰܲⲻһӾó
С㣬С㣬ˣĴ󽫾ܵſҲˣ
һԼҶİ칫СͤӣֱӳȥԴŵĴغ
ԼҶã濴浾üһ̧ͷѵզզʲôӣ
С㣬С֪
Ͻվá
𿴴Сģ˭ҵүүǾԲŹġ

ʱֱ壬Цһ䣬Ҫ֪򸮵ǼǴĶ
ǵǴĴ󽫾ƨֻҪûнĴµģ𣿡
صͷǣСѵǣ
ȥɣȥ֪ͨҴ磬ס򸮵򸮵棬ҲҪס
һεͷȻƵسŽ߽ȥ
㣬߰ɣſڵȴ硣
浾
㲻
Ϊʲô˵󽫾ʱһ㶼£
ô侲ɲΪԷΪ˺Ȳġ
ãҾͲȥ˰ɣ
浾˵
Ϊʲô￪ʵ
£Ҳﲻæ浾ôΪȻһ仰û˵ڣĴ¶Ӧġ
Ҳûǿһһؼ𣿡
أ
浾ֻ˵ôһ֡
һ߳Ϳãһվţ¶һЦݣһׯţЦ¶ݣĿȴŲĳȺͲɣõĽչǺܺã߰ɣ
·ϻȥͥɡ
Σ
ۿҪˣͥɿ˵һ䡣
Σˮ£˵Դ˷ܣȻ󽫾
СЩ˲򵥣
֪
ܾſڵãɲһ˿Ĳͷڿͥɵʱ¶һ˿Цݡ
磬ûУˣﶼѪ⣬׵Ҳȥҧ
죡Сؾ档
ͥɵĽŲɲϴŵЦݣɣ߽£ع֣ظ¾Ĵ󽫾棬δı棬ĳѾãһȻǡ
žһͨ˵һμ棬ǺǶĺһ㡣
̫αˣ
˹ˡͥɵĻ£ܾҲ֣ͬ˺ôһ佱
ʮѺõ£򸮡
ڣͥλܾ·ˮİѾѾӶѾѾСգ治֪µĴ۾ûһδĽŸУ
ͥΪܾԼĶŮ
ôܾͷһʹЦݶһ˿˿ĽӲ
һ㶼ġ
ֻڶ벻ף˲ӣڵľ档
ʵϲŮˣ˵ĶϱķӣѾҪȢԼĶӣôһ룬̲סͷŭ𣬸оԼĵλһӾͱ͵˵ĵزϴЦʮشѾɨѾ߰ɣ
Ѿ¶˿ݵ΢Ц
˶
׵Σ
ദʹܾ
һѹֱܾ˵⣬Ķӣ˾ֱŪܲܲļµġ
ͥɿܾǲʲôᣬĶôܻҵĸϣ
ܾü֪Էװɵ
ЩݣҲò˵
ʹĻ˵һ顣
ͥɲ˵ˣ
Ҳͬˡ
ǲ֪ôӦԣ˲Ѿͷôġ
ǶԶѾͷӵ⣬ƨֵ֪µǸ⣬Դޱ򸮺󣬱˵ǶϢҪȥȷϹȷʵǻţһúúõģǶҪɶԷǲǱˡ
˲ûƳÿζѾͷֳյĿ⡣
һԭϵЦݱʹȡڰ
ҸӲ⡣
ܾ
ʲô˼
гڵ֢־ĨĨڵᣬҵѾͷһںｫȻڶ׼ɱǺò׽Ȱ˭뵽֮ôڵϳˡǷֵʱ˶Ӳˣ
Ѿŵͷ
ܾ
һֶš
û֤ݡ
ˣ㲻ЩЩ𣿡
áͥҡͷ
ܾһˣǲңǺú𣿡
Ҫͥģһͷ˳Ѿ˳ãܾѾ϶˵ǸѾͷ
ѽ
ͷҼҵСѾͷôɰ
Ѿ¶˼Цݡ
ˣֱܾӿڣһҪ޴ȥ
԰
ֱӵͷǽһ羰ĵطţΪĸףҪôöԣ
װɵ֪˵ʲôܾǿˣֱӽشĹԱ˵ùȻû˼ֱǽ졣
Σ
һбȥѰı顣
ܾȥѣ
ҾͲһӲţܾЦſڣֻ˵ǾôԶ
ǿ϶ġ
أüᵽһҪŪı飬ΪʲôͷҪҵ˵ˣ⣬ҿ㱣֤ҲޣһαظϾɱ
Ǵˣ
ܾ˵
ﴹü֪Ƕ˵ˣֱӿɣôܷŹ
÷ϻ
Ҳ˵ܾǴģ뷨ͬ

ôĿ
һЦ˹ͷѵû˵ҵ飬Ķϱǻϵͷ⣬ҵκҪǵĻʵ۱¶ģú룬޸뿪Ϸһ·Ҳ֮أһ·һĶӻȡ㹻棬һĽ顣
ͥɣ
ǵǲ
ǾͲ
ܾؿҲǴģ̫ѾˣزȥνñҪûʺ͹ɼңӺλ˵ػȥ
ü
ŻѾ˽ľҩŹϵĻӹȫʧȥСӣǺǣһҹ֮ȫˣ˶Ƿʲô飬ܸоܲ򵥡
ҲΪ
صȵȥʱ򣬷粨ѾƽϢˡ
ûдߣ˼ʵЩΪʲôˡ
Ҫ
ܾ˵
ͥɣ⣬ֻüͷҡͷǻֹ۵йܾ͵ѹǸҲסġ
ȻҲᱣ
ҿԳӣԲܳ
ܣ
ֱӾܾ֪֮ǹƸҲЩ̫ˣ𣿡
޲ǹѾߺϲ𣿡ܾ΢ЦһԵѾ
ϲôΪ롣
ȵعСӣ²СǺǣ뵽̲סҪЦСҼޣ˸ȢǸԼĿ¶ûκο־ѾߣͣĿ𣿾ķȢʲô㣡
Ѿգ۾𾪵ؿܾ󽫾ô뷨Ȳ˵ͲǷѵȢޣΪıô˶𣿡
ͣһѾ˵Ļ
ǺʧôһˣȻôѪĸס
˵ͣһ£ֲҲҪʲôϵãùåõҪǣһôһɽ˵ԼСļ˼Բˡ
ĵҲͷͬҪţԺһúҸģΪףӦףҪٳױ
ͥɺ
ôͷչ˵ġ
ȻֻҪڣ⡣
ܾ΢ЦѾ߲˵ʲôҪôҪױ
ҲЦˣЦʮֲãѾȥ׼һӺòˣҵĺþҲ׼ţһҰԺ˶ôѾǶ˹ͿˣӽˣҪúõغһ
Ѿ
ͷת˳ȥ
ھֻʣĸˣ˵Ļ֮¡նҪȤ

ܾЦ˵ҶӼ޵㣬ʵҲûôԽܵġ
㿴ֻѾϲģӲ㣬̫ˣѾҲСߵĸѾߣҴģСһģȻȲңǵļʶ۹Գǧ𡣡佱ԼѾߡ
һţ
ܾͷûзֻһ㣬޷˵ңҲһûܹɿڵˡ
Ҹӣ
͸
⵽ôġ
Ϊʲôĸо
ûйϵЦ˵ӦûҪһЩʱգǿԵĻһϣܹףǣ֤ǵ£ŷҼȻھ˵Ӧ
Ǹãҵ˵ҵһ졣
ܾɵԷܲÿջ˵ġ
ȻոնʼˣôףһܵõĺôֶΪڴӣֻҪȥ˵ЩҲֻڱۣ˭ҵ˵
ǽͲ˵ˣʶѣҸˣҪ˵㿪ĵģ
磿
ʵ۱ûУ
Ƽ˾
գ۾
ܾҲڿ
ȻЦſڣЦЦ
Цöʮֿġ
ͥɺÿǾ鷢ڶѾͷǶپȵʱһλǻ𾪣ˣôͱӡ
ֱѾ޾׼ķںһνĺþơ
ŭˡ
㻹ж٣ȫң
Ҫһ룬һζ
ʵþƣǰܾöѾͷԺľѾܺúˣԱڱеľƣǼֱϵ£ѾͷȻкʶʱĴ󽫾Կ
þƣܾһڣ۾һȺȥԺ󣬺Ǻˬؿ̾
磬Ʒ֪ǧ٣
Ʊģһ
˵źͶԷһھͽеľˡ
һٷԵãܾʮֵľˣҪǺ߻ǵһҪȥƵò顣
´Σ´Σҵľ¥Ϊӷϴ
κܾתͶŴѾ˵ҺһʣΪ֪Ϣɢȥ
ǣ
ͥɺΪʲô
֪ȻҪ˷ˣЦݲõ뿪磬ЩΣȻȥ˯ˣ
һߣո뿪ܾ̾ͷԸ£Ҷһ
ĵϢɢȥ˶֪ҷǳ
£
Щˡ
ȻֱܾµԴһģЩѾѧһѧСֵģȥ
ǣ
ô˵ﻹǺ𾪣ĺһļٵİ
Ҫ𣿡
ǿԷɻ󣬷һ䡣
Ҫ
ˡ
ǽ飬Ϊ£žˡ
ǣ˵ĹĶ£Ϣʹøܿе˶֪ˣһһˡ


138 
İǣ
һת, æµ°ͺϣȻŬ¶Ȼı顣
ǿǼ˴ˡ
ʲô𾪵
϶ôϲ, õ󽫾ĽʲôôСֵġ
˵ܱȵǱ¡
λûлϸߣ˻Ȼϡ

һעûнġ
ԣȫ뿪ǵôȤ֡
Ȼ, һͿʼʲôҪԼҵĹŮҲѧһѧ
뷨˻, һ뵽磬ǵı£һ, , ǿûͥɺı£ǳǶס
ϴ󣡡
յ˿ٽܣʲô뷨
ţ
ٽһ㶼ŵġ
ʵ۵ϲǼٵģܾ, ҪǼһϲϵļ, ôǴҲͱˣֱɱȥˡ
յҡͷ
㻹˵ʲôϻпնɣ
ٽܿһֱԼǰѵĺӣ˵ǰͷҲһֱԭصǵ, ҪϽ֪𣿡
˿ٽܣ
Ͻֶ˵ó, ˵û뷨, ܴ̼ˡ
⻻ҲΣеģûйϵҥѾ˳Ϊδⲻ˱ۣԱȣҲܲ˰
ٽܵļ򣬡ϴ󣬼֧ͣġ
ԵģԶվһߵģ
ͣ
ٽܣ
ˡ
Ͳúɵӷϻͷ顣
˶ϲ
ôܡ
ֲƱ˵ƱҲӽǮΪ
Ĵڣ˻١
ˡ
һ£ͺˣ˲Ͳ˳ģûûҵô̹Ůģһǧ𣬺ô˳Ϲϵ˰ûܰˡ
Ҫ˺ûйϵҲﲻϲѻ˵ô
һ뵽ﾹȻӵδޣͺ޲ó嵽ǰúõؽѵһ
Уұúõȥ˵˵ȥ涼Ҫˣ
˵Ż׼塣
Ȼߵָסˣˣ֮ǰģҪ̲סʱ򣬾ӷڣ
⻰ĺá
Ʒͣ½ŲɫףȻǺµģˣȹ˵ɣ
Ƕһ
ҲǸӶϵġ
ٱЩѧ𾪣Ȼɻһĳʹ벻ףôˣŮΪʲ
ôô˵ϲԼҵĹŮǵǱٱǧô벻Щ˵أ

۰
̸۵ѾߵĲ£ػصԼķ䣬ոڴ£Ѿ˻û뿪һͦ
ôˣ
Ѿʵܣ𣿡
ҡͷѾ죬ȥҴҪȥʮ𼱣
ԼСѾֱת˳ȥ
ܿ죬ûгŵͱ˽Ŭ֧Ķãʮ˵ɣʲôʮ𼱵飿
磬ţɴ۾˵ܾû뿪֮ǰһҪûԼļˣسҲҪúñ
ü˼дɱ֮£
ȷ
ҡͷǻңʧôΪһĹĴ󽫾ڼзʵ۵ʱֻҪлᣬҶпܻȥŪԷĻͳƽˣҪҴһҡ
ˡ
ԣ˵϶ģͷҲû֮ǰôˡ
һأȻ˵ЩɻЩģúϢ֪ˣ´λٺȵ㣡
ţ
ʮֹɵصͷ
ȵĽſŵʱִһ磡
ţ
͢س˰׵Ҫи̣Ǿͳûĺӣӻģ
Źͥɣ
Ӧøжأ
Ǹ
ʲôﶼܲôˣԴһᣬڴϣ˯ǽһ찵ء
һߣܾȥסе鶼һߣѾ̳ҲûзŹȷûж֣
ӣ
Ŀ⣬ĿЩ˸ǿѡ˵ʵҲ֪ʱʵ̫ˣҾͼ˰ѵȻ󣬻Ҫҵݹȥ·գۼҾͱ˻֣
ܾ
һȺˣüǾûΪʲôǰѵôɵسӵĽűߣ
ˣ
ǲûлɹǶ˵ıֻǲȥô鶼鵽ӵϣ̫Լ̫еľ綾ӵķҵˡ
ûͶ
Ӵ˵
ͷβûгϹȻû
ܾ֪ȥΣ
̫ӻԲҲڶ˵֮С
ϣ̫ѣ
ܵġ
ܾԿ϶һղ뿪̫ӾͲ
Ƕĵֽ̣żֱ̫ˡ
ˣҺúõţܾûпӾǻص
һɱ̫ӵǾԲܼ̳лλģһͨĻӣرĴ󽫾˵Ϊ壬Ƚʵۣ
ʹڡ
ʵ۵ɴ۾һʱѯʵľȻܾ֮Ĺϵ
һӾıˣѵܾʲôҪ֮Ĺϵ
ϣˣ˵ҼҶûûжģֻҪҵڻϣͲڴ顣
ҲһԷۡ
ʵЩ˼Цſڣ޲ǻǻλġ
⻰˵ˣλǶǴûл˼֣ȫҪɣ˵ͣһ£Ҫ߱һܲҵϢҼҶúһʣŵʱ⿪õľƣѾ׼ζдλ

ϢȷʵǺܲң
ʵ۶ЩҪټһ뷨ܹġ
ϣҼҶƺ󣬶ǵңû뿪֮ǰúõرԼļˣسǡ
ô˵
ϣҲ۾ģ
ʵ۵ȺģʣʾǸж
ȵȣ
԰
˼ǸŪޣ
ͻȻͲ˵ˣô˵ϻôɵģЩ͢سôסģţᣬϣҲŪĻʵۣѵ㲻𣿡
Ȼ롣
ζ룡
¾ͽˣ
Ϸģ
ǣܾʵ۵ʱ򣬾ͿǰԷվڻʵ۵ߣһˮĽ

Ƿ
⣬ֻ΢Щź֮ǰôһ˿˿ϣһ̫˷ͲˣŪ˻ʵۣˣ´ʹŵȫŪˣŴɱʵ۳ɹĹڣǴı¶׷εġ
еس֣ʱ˱š
֮¡ձʾΪ󽫾ǲҪ
ǣһ䣬ֻҪܶùҼҶһҾͳЩ
֮¡̾Ͳ˵ˡ
ԭԵģϾΪս񣬳붼˱Ҳ̫ˣȻ۽ǾͿ˱֮¡ҲŲ˵ˡ
ȥ
ȻΪ˱ӻԼĶӣͬʱҲǱɹĽ֮һ
ٽܣ
Ϊ׵أ

ҪǳȫأǴӦأ
ˣٽܡ
Էͷ
ֱ¶õЦݣүҾ͵ˣ
ɣ

һ̣ûпԷ
ôֵģԴͿʼð𻨣ʹȵҺŻ䣬һĨȻѪսս񣬱ûһ˿˿ı仯ó־סͷϵ˿ڣ΢Цлָ̣

ﹰ֡
ǣ
߲ͣ
һ̣սת̣󣬡ٽܣңЩΣ
ٽܷ׵ε˵߰ɣ̫ҽ㿴
±
֪
Ϊʲôô
пտеĹ
ԭˣ
һӾƽˡ
տ˵ġ
Ϊ˱̫ˣܾûκζĶճԼҵ̫ӵ⣬ȥĵط򸮣˾Ϊͥɺ֮ûٺȾƣⲢӰ̸
ǵ뷨Ǹ߶ȵһ¡
ûаݰӣ˵Ǽ죬ܾʳ˲ͬ⣬治𣿡
ð
￪˵Ϊʲô㲻Һ֣
ǿôǶģ
Ĵָ⻰ϲ۹⣬ԣ޺
𣿡
ܾһһ˵ĹӣŲţӳǰʮ仰ܽ˵ứ
޾𣿡
Ц˵ҿɲΪ޺˵⻰ʱľ¥ܿĺˮˮԼ߶Ⱥ㿴һȺһȺˣоųǸ˶Լ˵Ĳͬ±˷֣Ϊӵȵȡ
ܾһ㡣
ҲûʲôõģҲôһСˣȫԸίԼǵ֪òϣӦðԼ뷨ɵѡ޾һСĴڣЦе˵ǲŵĻʱӭȥڹĺܿġ
ܾЦ㻤ţﶼǱָĴڣֻͳˮһ
ӣҪô
ﲻ˵
˶Ժ޳ȥ𣿡
һͱȲ֮¡ˡ
Ц˵Ѿǵɣ֮¡ΪԼĶӣȻôһ׵ʦ㿴褣ȷʵл滭츳Ҳϣֻǣûжıûʦڣ츳ٸߣҲɵɵֵġ
ɵ˵ÿ׼ȷ
ܾ˵
ȻҲ˼ȻӽԺͲòϣǴûеĿݡ
ʵЩƣ˵ȫͬ
û

ҲĹŮ˵ʵҵ϶õĵ
Ƥ
ѽ
Է˵ѻ˻
ٿӶֳܷȥӣҺٽܻûףլӾѾ׼ˣ޵ļʲô𡣡
һ𣿡
ܾһ䣬ٿӺޣֵһϵҶô
飬˵ʱԱǸôݵᣬҲеĸĸܹһǻĶӣǷǳ飬
ܵ𣿡
ܰΪҶӣԺ˰Լÿķǣ
㣬˵أ
Һˣ˵ģЦ˵΢һ룬ô˵Ҳ㾫ĶӰɣμ󣬻ⱲӶټˣҲ´μҪõ
ҲŲ
Ļû˵ͱˣѻ˵ˣҪҵϣΪĸײμһĻ񣡡
ܾбۣʲôô
Ȼƻԭλã
붼룬ǲܵģ
̾ҡͷ
ɲ֮ǰ
ôǶŲ
ֵǮ
ҸһƸ񣡡
Ǻǣ
ܾҲȱǮ
Ĳȥˣ
ΪѾ߿á
ǣҿǰõģ㣬ĶӶôģȻ޶ɷ򣡡
˵İɡ
Ƥã˵ܾյƱ󣬻һ䣬ҿɲǿӵķϰҪ֪Ѿ߿ͷܿٶǮ˵С˼Ҳͬġ
֪֪
һǳ͵Ǯˣʱ˿Բ˵˵ֻëë꣬װһʹģ
˵׼լӣ
ѽ
Ҳ׼һլӣһԺˣˣиŵĵط˵ܾһ䣬ɱᣬȻ˵ˣҾ͵ûӣμһͿ׬򣬲׬ɵӣլӣҲǮ
ģǲġ
ܾҲЦˣţ׼լӣֻǲԺûطȥܻǴٿ޵ǰҶˣ
ţţ˵ʵ̫еˡ
һ»£ȻԷɿڣ˵ֱ֣꣬Ѿ˵ļգ㿴һʣǾͶˣ
ɣ
ɨһüӣѡһ뿪ǰӣɿЦݣ
Ļͱ
ЦݸãȻǵˮ©
ʱ򣬲͸¶һ˿˿û͸
ãǾѡİɣ
ԣ
ؼҵ·ϣ￴ŴѾûоԼӮң׾׬լӣû´ĻΪ޵ļױţլӵǮԼЩǸģҪ㻹ȢĴˣĽˡ
ҪСٽܣҲȥҸ˶
ѾЦ
۵Ѿͷ￴ѾĽŶӭȢ׸˧۷塣
Ķ
˶ҪǮͷҲҪǣǵԵʲôʱŵŴˣ̧ͷգү۾ǰ


139 
Ѿ, ޿ѾֱӾͺ
ǺߣԼ˶ǹ˵ģһԼȲصͷ, Сġ
ʵϳô, Ҳ֪
ûϵ, еǳæ, Ϊ, Ѿ˸æµ
Ϊͳһܾ, ѾҲû̫, ԺĸѾͷѧ, Ϥˣ, Ļʵ, , Ǯ඼յϲ, ֻںһ仰ʱ, ˾, ˵ν
ʵۿ󵽲, ֻһˢ˶Ƥ֪
ǻôһ𣿡
񣡡
ֱ˵
ʵжֲǲ֪
, һͷģ
£أ
ʵ۱ʾ˵, ͺһߵ, 塣
ڳ׵ĵصͷլ
ǰһ, ҰԺԹѾȥ·ſڣצŶԷ۵˫֣£һϣ˵õ򸮽ңһٻҰԺ
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ֽŹغãѾ¶õЦݣŲŵӻؼңûȻլӣѾļң๫ҲҪСġ
·ѾܶΣطĲû΢ЦŻصʱסԺӣϴ˯
Ҳ֪˶ãôһ˿˿¹ķϳһӰ
ŵ˺ǰ˯š
ӰһؿڿҪǰʱ˯ŵͻȻ۾һץŴͷŵıһͽ˳˹ȥ
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ڽס˲ӵʱͣ˺һһѪð˳æɫ׵÷ǳôˣ
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ⲻ֪ԽԷŭԽǸǡ
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ܾɫǲã֪֪Ϊ㣬ҷ˶ٵĹѪأôرҵģ
⺢Ǹô
ؼ£涼ǳ㣬Ȼ󣬷һһ
жˣ˭ôɫһ̳˰
Ѿһ뵽ѡļ̳츳ǰ֮˵Ĳܾ࣬Ҫˣ

ףҡˣ
Բ𣡡
޳˵Ĳ֪˵ЩʲôҲûǿԼҪɱеˣ
Ȼ

Ҳƾ٣;ǻˡ
Ҳ֪ԲģôĽ̵
˲ܵôԹԵġ
ˣӽҲǸ˵ЩġܾŹǰˣޣһȥʱͻߴˣѾˣԣԺڶ첻ȥˣҲٻش
Ųܼأ
ŲѾؿˡ
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УܾڣȻѡˣôͰֵַعСӣʹ֮鲻Ҫ֣ҷŶԸˣ·;ңԶҲŪģ
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̧ͷܾ˵ѾСǺܺõˣǲΪѵġ
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ͲһˣԼˣҲˣˣȰҲȰˣ˼ҷҪһ·ߵף׵ô
Ū
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ûģֻǣǸôҪɱԼĶӣǷӺпܻûʵŪԼֵ

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Բġ
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ؿͷ˵ѹǼٵģɵȵõԼƱʱԺ뵽СĻ
˭ҲȰ˭ô˴˰þõĽ֡
Ȼô룬̲סһԲġ
һ죬ѵõû˯𴲸ԼѾͷױѾæתҵ˽춼عˣҰԺһƬϲĳ棬һ϶ǲõЦݡ
ֱ޳֣ԱԼСѾͷţԭǻֵһӾ
Ѿ񵽵ģǸʱСѾͷ꣬ᣬ⣬һգʮ͹ȥˣҪɼˡ
ء
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ۿôǵô
϶û˯á
С㣬ǲǺأ
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ţصúܣ̶̵һ仰ű

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Ųǣ
᲻ʹ
ѾҲЦˣں棬ͣĨᡣ
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Ȼ޼޺ǣǲˣѾźһȺ˻Ҫȥ·֤һ񣬽ͽ
ԣȻͷѾǣΪϲ·ɱͽޣѾкˣôҰԺʲôҲǷֱ˯ôһʱ䣬ֻҰԺסˡ
ðɡ
ǳǸû
ȵſڣｫѾޣ޵þ͸ˣѾ߰ɣ
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ᣬһȴӲúܡ
һֱ˵·ߣ׵ˣ
ϵĬˣˣǷӣֵĻҪǲŽ֡
Ǯϣ͵һ˵ԭǳҲ⣬ǵװȫʵݵƱڼױһ̨ûУɻ˰ҵǻһһ̨ټϲ˵ĻʵۣǮԼ壬ЩȫԳƵġ
ҲΪ黹Ǳ˺ó
Ȼ϶ǱȲǧ𣬲Ҳ㹻İԼĽˡ
Ѿˣ˵ѾһѾߣĻǰĸ
ٽǸƼһġ
ռǵˣΪѾͬ
·ߣܾȫĮ
ıҲһټ򸮹æµҲǷǳ֡
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ҪͶԷ̸̸ȻյƤҪţû취ֻˣ˭˼ǽǰһùھ͸Ӳˡ
һСͤŤŤ˰죬׼ڣ̧ͷͶ˫۾˵ˡ
ˣ
ʶǸ
ô̳ܽͽܣ
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տ˵㵽˵˵˵ǿˣ
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Ǽϴ󣬡տ˼
ٽܲûз仰
ǣǣģ褵ѾõѪˣٽܣ˵ʦףҪȢѾĻܲܳɹ
ڰŸ߽ħٽ̧֣ͣͷ褣
գ
ֱһ䣬㲻±𣿡
£
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ϣĸѾͷܲȺЩǴҹ㶼Ҫ㣬ǣ褣Ҿû˰ɣȰ
Ϊʲô
ЩѾﲻã
㲻ã
ٽֱӿ˵ͬģȣһǳҪ⣬Ѿ֪˼𣿡
ҡͷ
ľѾܺá
ᣬأǼֵѾɵĴãദ⣬ܹԼᱻְʼѾʹѾûвģֱһΣѾԴ˵С㣬кӣҪѧǿ 
һоͱˡ
ѾȥԺʱ
ֵѾһĺá
˭ҪǺѾߵýͻܣ뷽跨ؽǲ𿪡
ҪѾԼһЩ
һ뵽̲סˡ
ؿ褣⻹һͷȡ
Ӳܵģ
ûѾҪ޸㣬ǲŽֿԣֱܶӽһеĺƻ˰ܲԼ㲻ѧްɣ㳤𣿡
ٽܣգػͷ
һܲͷ
ң
ЩĻţΪԷ˵Ķʵ
ϴʲô
Ŀƽ˵
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㲻㣡
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ȻٽܲɵӣУٽȥ˵ѾҸҲӦġ
ңңҲ벻İ취𣿡
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Ǿͱ룬Ҳ˵ֱӿڣϴˣ
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ٽܿһۣҲŵģűʦɣ
⻰褻һֿܣһشͤᡣ
뿪ͱպˣһ˰һߵļ򣬡аǣز©ʵʲôʱ˼
ƨ£
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պЦˣǣѾҲʡ͵ĵƣûϴı£Ǻú
ݲ褲񻻳Լֵܣ˵Ļȫһˡ
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ʵԼûչôҲŵԡ
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ˡ
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ĺܺá
ҲɢϯʱߣȴûߣȵʰԺ󣬾ͽѾ޴һ˳ߣǸӣǷ̻ȥ
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ڿըҪôǸֵףҪôϲҸ档
С㣬ôôã
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Ͽգ
еĿճˣȥȥǸԺֻʣһˡ
ʱٽһֲ©˵һ顣
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ϣҰԺ˾֪ˡ
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̧ͷ졣
ͣϣԼһ˫С첲˵С㣬㿴ܽסһ𣿡
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С㣬褲ɣոճ׵ĹѾ̫
ˣԣοȻƹ˵С㣬һҺǲϲ
ģһѵģ
Ҳᡣ
ҾѾ˵öԣ⣬ƽ￴źദѾҪǳǼҵˣǿɾͲһˣѾ˵ǽһжСģ˵ڷǳ㣬ûСĻ˭Ƿ
ң
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аɣ
⻰ˡ
һȺãѾʲô֪
褱ˡ
ѾԼǺܿá
Ͼ˼ǸŹӸ硣
ݲ̫Զˡ


140 
һһ, Ѿ˯ٶӦʧһµģүİţ
ڴһһ, ˵ûаֵ˯ţζûһ, ڴ, ֧°˼һ, ǲǾ˵Сûһо
ûоûֱӾѾ
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ص̾һѾԴ, ɶʱܿϰ
뵽ڴСʱԼļ, Ժﻹƶ˸ֵļƻһѾͷ, ӵܲԼҹίġ
أ
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Ѿ˵ǼСҲ˯úܺð
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˵ʱŮԺܲƽ϶ҪΪѾǣС, Ѿ֮ѡĻﱾ͸ƫѾһЩ, һͽһֱĽҪ
Ϊ췢, 褺мֲȻ
Ȼ, ǾͿȻغǴкȫ֪һ
ǰ߻ңٽûиʦҪһʱ䲻֪ôش
ûôˡ
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˵˵ʲô˼
պ
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ΪֵܣȻϣҸģֻǣ黹˵Ψ鰮ⷽ棬ûʲô飬ǣԴͬʱٽܣ߳Ĭһ£һ䣺ҪɣҾû
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141 
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褼գ۾, Ȣ, ΪʲôҪô࣡
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Ϊ֮¡öˣģ⣬û֪
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档
˵ѾСû˼УҲ̫ãԼҵĹǶ㣬ҷ˵ҿɽҪְܷɣԼҵͽܣ鲻ôûõı֡
ҹҹɫѾķűش򿪣Ȼ¶С˫۾ɨԺӣû쳣󣬴ŷŽż⣬ű˳һϣŵһҹ£׼ϵĺϣһ£ͷͿԺӵ˶վһţ
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ͷһһһСıץסˣǼܰѾȳ
ҪǱܲʱţţ̫ˣܾȥĿԡ
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142 
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ҡͷġ
Ҹ˵СΪĹӣɲôһûУȥǲˣҲ㣬㣬չһӣˣҺλף
˵Ѿͣһ£Ȼһӹǲܵģ㲻õģټޣҲλһ˵ģţͲʱ֮飬ԿҺףŮȺǸǲرҸ
˵ľˡ
Ҹ

褴һսɵһؿѾ·ûʶһ㣬̫ˣ˶Ź
š
תԼʦһֵ֧صͷȥɣҿԱ֤Ѿ˵ģ㰲Ϣɣ
һ̣תͷ׵ֻоޱȣֱӾ˹ȥر·Ҫȡϵůۡһ˳ǿ޵úİ
ֻоԼҰˣ
ԺҲˡ
̫ί
̫ˣ
֮¡£ûľԼҶӱţ죬ˣ
Ȼûã褿޵øӴ
ˣ̰ɣİĹܾˣأ
һı顣
õ˵һĿ⣬ʼ磬ȻԼȥһԿ羰˳㻹Ѿֳһʫһϣ
Դ
שϣ
ˤɺ컨
ǳ鴤һԿ޵ø褣Ȼǵʫ˿ʼ˵˿Σ
Ͻͣ
侮ʯ
Це˵ʲôˣ磬Ҳǲˬģ
ҸӲ˵
ΪҲ˵
ɤӶˣǳףûϷˡ
ȢѾˡ
ȿ޹Ժ󣬲ؿʦʦͽܣô첲գﲻˣ
ߣҵĺͽҸطúģ
ǣһ˲ݡ
￴Ż褣ûҶῼǽѾ޸ġ
Ϊʲô
ҲЩǲȢһ飬˲˵ǵӡ
ȣѾϲ㣡
ѾһԵͷ
ϲ
Ѿԥһ£ҲûжϲǿԿǵĴڣڣǲ޸һûĺӵġ
褵
ڶСʦʺʹıӻ£ǵˣѾмܵסģ˵Ŀ٣ҪеϵҲҲὫŪУʲôʳ֮ǰûϸ㣬㣬ԻѾһѾ˼ļҲЭˣûΪѾѣ޽ȥк𣿾ģܻסԼַʽȢҿǺˣ
ңң
˵ûô
Ҳǹģ
˰ɣһӶûУȰ㰡úİžˡ
ЩǼСôöûҵԼҶŵ֮¡һ䣬ôҼҲҪðɣ
褺˸ŵͷ
˻֪ܲ
ͬǽӣǲŽжˣһˣôƯżˣģ
Ѿһ˿ŭ
СѾķǾǵļˡ
˵˵ı׵ľ͸һӶ񣬿ƾʲô


143 
Ѿһ, ȻĿƵض褣ִȲ֣岻, Ĳ䲻͵, С±𣿡
С³Ư𣿡
Сôͻ𣿡
ϴʰ𣿡
ԸΪԼķ紷𣿡
, СҪ涯֣һٸĶ֣
Ѿһһ䡣
ֳö۶ˡ

, ϴʰ, ˸øɵĻ
Ȼ, СҲбȲ褵, ûô޴
ûô֪֮
ҲûĺƤ

˶Ȳ
Ѿȴ޶, ˵褣ոյǺѿ
䣬ǰֲһ, ʣŵ㶼ĥˣ
˵ˣرһ𾴵ʦһһϲĹ
Ը¼
֮¡˵ֱͲ֪ν, ӺɷӦöء
ͥɺʵҲͷģ̲ס, һ뵽Ѿͷã뱻ѡУ, Ͷ, ڻȫ״̬, ҪǳĻ˿Կ϶ǾԲӣж඾ͻж඾
أЦ˸紷ҲԸ¼
ǺԼ๫һߵˣЩΪΪ֮¡紷ȡ
֮¡һ𣿡
ʲôһЦټ⣬Ҫı䶨˸ٹ̵Ĺܹ㶨ģ˵ҲûȤ
ֻǿ褣ΪʦбҪ˵䣬Һܲϲڲ˽һ˵¾¶⣬褣Ҫ֪˶һã㲻ƴǣҲӦöȥ˺
ң
褶ۣǺƽȫһĿ£ĵͷֽŶЩһ޵ݵģ
˵
⣬Ѿһ
С㣬̧ͷѾﾫµĺɰСģС㣬𣿡
㣬㣡
ֱӵɴ۾˷·𿴵˶ô𾪵һ㣬ôԴĺɰѾķҲ÷㲻Ӧñ𣿡
ԡ
Ѿ˵ˡ
ʱĴģ˭Ҳǿ˭ܽվദܽҪôԶ룬Ҫôš
磬鷳һˣ
˵ʵ϶ǱȲ޵ģֻǣóѾһ˼ûУԣᣬÿһ˽Ǹʲôˡ
ͷС˻˳
ȥ
㵽Ҫʲô
֮¡ۣһ߿ͰͣѾòĶӣƽ޲ֱӴʱʼˡ
Ҹʲô
ЦˣѾѾķˣǺǻ褵Ĺϵ󣬵ͲͬˣҲϲѾٿǿ
˵褣֮ǰǺһЩҲΪãһ˾ŵСмܲסǼҴһѾᱻ̵ʬ޴ģ
˵⻰Ѿѳݣ϶
˭ϡ
˺˵ôһ仰
ǣĺϡ±۾̲סѾת
Ҳûб褺õȥ
ˣĿԴ
úܿ죬˼죬ϵ˼ʹûкȫҲˣ˴İӣ󲿷ֶǿźʵҲЩϵ˿ڣΪݼٵĹϵûдķװһɫܣǰ־Եͦÿͣӣʮ߽
ϲû¶𾪵ɫΪĺô
ûеֵһȺֵܻڵһʱ佫Ϣ
ˣˣ
ִк
ͥɺ֮¡΢΢صͷ
Ƚ˵Ĵ褵ĵֱҪ̫ԡ
￴Ѿ
ѾͷЦһһ裬ϤһĻڳüһ
Ȼʷݣһ̣Ѿ־İóһСֽչҩ۵˽ȥҪ˼£ʮţóܻݲ衣
ľϵЦݲûиı䡣
չӣһ·ˣȵˮɣ
Ѿ豭˹ȥ
˶ֻЦһ߹ȥѾԱ¡
褵۾ð
ǲھѾĵطֻЩЩߣȥﲻŹء
ллѾ
·ûио褵ŭӣЦøӹˣǺĻ˵ǽһ˶̲ס࣬ڳĳüͷǲϲ٬ӡ
üϵЦݴһ£ôҲû뵽ѾȻϲĵ
ѾƤܺһνӵ˹ȥչӣԸ㵹Ӵ˰ɣ
ӽӹѧӻ˻Σոʲô

Ȼһģһ˵˶ڴԼһķӦȻվʧˡ
Цݸӵ飬ѾǲΪռҲͬ⣬ԣһ𹲸Ȫû뵽ôң̫жˣ
˶ľ⻰ô˵ġ
̫Ҫ˰ɡ
Ѿգ
һ۾һЩƵؿڣһһ˵黰һ㣬ôãôأҾ֪ԸԸΪȥ
ֻǱϵˮۣ㻹ϻţôȥأ
￴ýζ⣬˴󲿷Ǻеɻ󣬱ѵڶõ鰮ӵģ
ò˵Ǽʶˡ
Ѿ۾
һձӣϵˮȥһ㣬ԸΪȥһȺˣһ㴦ã
Ȼ褵ɴ۾ע£һھ͸ˡ

Ѿֱһļϣ˵ǲͿˣ
ЦѾĬһ£ôأҵ㻹𣿡
ףڳҿ
žžž￴ơ
ˣ
㣬֪ˡЩ
Ѿ˵󣬳ʼϷ
˵Ӿ֪ǵ˼ͷ褣ӣƾԼ¿ӣΪǡɣôô˵ϲѾôĹôܶϲˡ
Ҳᷳʱһٶѡ
ܴײеúܣľֻǴܶѣûıһˣôܻ¡ôǳԵĵҪ벻Ǳˡ
ô˵褺ŵһӾͱࡣ
ˣ
ǵǲ
Сѣʲô
֮¡û˵誳оͲԼܵίֱӿ
±ӣǰӣৡһӽ򿪣ε˵Ϊʲôܵ⣬ΪֹΨһѾ֣䣬֣褣ӣȵҺѾ׵һ죬һҪһϲŶ
褣
̫ˡ
λҸŻҪȥϲƣôܶô̡
ѾԱߵôŶ
Ѿգ۾С㣬Ǻˡ
˶Իڼ䣬
ӣ
誳ֱӾͻˣۣǳȥӮͶҵܿһ㣡
׼ͷȻ誳еʵСڽѧĲĹ򣬻ƫţҲûлӮģʵڲеĻͷźţټֵæ
Ȼûпڣ߽һտ֮¡˵һϣžĽǵĶܵôãԺλĳ谮йء
ˣʾرʾҶҲеģ֮¡Ǹ۸ӣһưոݵġ
и硣
ҲС
Ƚ϶ѣ׸ڵĵܵ൱⣬һݲţǰ붼ģ׵ܵ
۸ôԹۣ״վֱӿ誳У˵۸Сʲô£ӣ
һϾҪˡ
ˣ
ľףֻ۷Ź⣬ͨ죬˫ȫսһȲҪ˴ܵģ
ǲǸˣ

ͥɿ֮¡տչ黹ǵ氡ܻһʰ˵λܲ侲һ£˿ְ
ֵˣǲ
ѾƲ죡
֮¡տһۣ˲侲
ȻռһطγΡ
ͥ΢Щͷۣ룬Ǿϡ࣬ˣѵˣҶӵѾˣ飬ȥæġ

褲Ը⣬ö
ѾϲҲϣܹóѣǸӵģһͲǺˡ
˺ͷۡ
ͥüֿռң˵ռҹӲǰˣҪȻȥţ
ռ˿ͬҡͷڵľƶãʱɲΪ
ʲô鰡
ֱͥӿҪߣ
ѽѽ
ﻶ˵
Һռң
ȻǷӲûеģͥɾͲǸˣ˵Ļ˵óֳ˭ɵģǻûţ
ˣֵ÷зȻҶտɨһˣһ綼ûУŵͬΪ٣²ϣڳҲûֱ˵ǾͰѻ˵ɣô£
ҵ˼
ֱӿڣһذɣȫҰѡ
տֱӾͺˣ⺢ӣڼҲˣôô˵˵Ļ
죡
Ѿŵ޵ĺɰ֮¡˵һ䣬ȻվԼҶӵģˣϣѾҲҪɣѾһƥķ褹ƾͲôܡ
ռ˵ɫܲÿ
𣿡ȴȫ⣬Ѿÿ𣿡
ѾЦеóݸ
˵幤ķǳãһڴʵҲһ𣿺һģһĿʽ
ѾҡͷԣСǼˣˡ
Ѿ
źɰһĵģ
ȻѾʯĳֱӰѺɰ˹˵ԾͲԣ
ռˣ
ûۿǣܸоԼҺĿĵġ
ô˵޻Ҫϴʰӣ
˼ƻ
۾һѾϵ·ԺҸϴ·ٸϴǻ棬̫ˣ


뵽ʲôôЦһ
ռ˵ܺڡ
տδ˵໰ԼҶӣ˵ҪȢǲǲԣҲԲֹǣ
˵תˣӽ󣬼ﲻٸκεİô룬Ϊ˵ӣԣһռҲƲҺլӣ棬ũׯȵȫջأֲǡ

վͬӲûеܵܵҸҪ
죬Ǳһֳĳ軵ģ֪ǲҪҪƤЩƲֲǸǵģǸĸ׺ϱġ
վˡ
ռŮһտô˵ﷴû֮ǰôˣǲȱǵǮˣ治ͼСӵĲƲ
ү
շʼ۶ˡ
Ӧõġֻ̾͵ͷ
Ҫ
տѾҲףʱסոԺҪм۸ҲȥףӦ֪ǲԸģˣøǲǮǮûǮǶ⣬ǾܻظЧ
ڰôĶţ
ôܡ
ô
УȵˣеТһĶ١
Ѿʼ磬Щһ󲿷ֶǺ˵ģλմڸǼ޸ӣҲûκεͼ˵ʵЩλմ˵ģʱ򣬻˵ǣҲҪŶҿûиκγŵʱ˲գʲôûУ
Ц
ûлش⻰ֻʾļ֡
˵û˼ˣǵȽɡ
ռҲڿ
֮¡Щ£ô׾پͬˣտôһˣӦһӽӴ
ˡ
տվɨһѾԴӴ˶һֱ˼ܱӿϵʲôĹţţȻһ㶼ϲҲóһ㶼⣬Ծͺܲף˵Ŀң˵ףȴǳѡ
ǻؼ˵꣬ͥɺ֮¡֣ǼЦˡ
֮¡ͥͬվ
ȵտߵſڵʱ֮ͣ¡ΪͬţȰһ䣬ҶѰĻһڵһʱģȻƤͷۣҽһȥвԼĸĸæ
֮¡
⻰Щˡ
մ˱֮ǰƻ顣
տֿѾһһ۵˵Ҳϲ㣬ܸܵõҶӶĵģԣϣܺúÿǣ޼۱ѵɣûǸ˼Ҳϣ
ѾտֿչӣĽһ
õֻǼС׵һ㣡
ϲˣ
ֱӱ˵
ɿ
ҡտѵóѾҪȻȥٴĴ䡣
ռˣ

Ϊ˭
ɣ
⻰Ѿ߿ԼСͷЦеغ˻뿪
ռֱӸˡ
褿տıӰŻϲ뿪˺Ѿת֮¡ĿԹΪʲô㲻մ֧ң˵û


144 
⻰һ, ٿ褵ı飬֮¡ǿżǿֱӱѪ, ˫, ˷·𶼴һܴ״̬
֮¡һġ
Ϊ֧ȢѾ;Լ׵òտ
ôĹİι˹
ޣǹ, ʲô
褣
誳üͷ˵ʲôϽ͸׵Ǹ, ̫ˣ
֮¡ǸģЩڵģɱôһ, ǿվ, ҧݾǲϴ
˭Ҳ˭, ôô۾ŶԷ
Ʋ, ŲŽŲߣļͥսͲˡ
ͥɣ浾Ƿǳɫˣʱ򲻽ֱõѡ
վס
֮¡ıӰһˡ
ֶ֧
ֵ֧ġ
ֻǰ˿ˣʼȥǸȥ˵, ǷǳԸ, Ϊȥ
Ѿû

Ӧ˵˶û
ʱƢһЩ, ɶԼĶŮһͷΣرǰµġ
Ȼ
, Ǵʱ˿, Ĳˡ
ɣ
ˣ
ҲҪ, ȥɣ
ˣ
ȹ֮¡ı飬ֱóĬ
褣
ӻ˵ҪͲҪ
ߣ
ϡ
ǿ
ͶӵֻúǸЦҪˣйϵ𣿡
ʦ
褽һô£
ܣӦñοˣôһ
ͽܣ
㻹׵أֱӿ˵
֮¡
Ĭá
ټһ飡
˼ָ
ǶǷ飬ֺдãڵʱҪû꣬УдһίУ֮¡ĵմ褽̣ܽһСıˣŲ𣬼ǵøǶӡ£
褣
Ϊʲô̶̵ʱʦͱȫʶӡ
Ǻǣÿܵ
ã
֮¡Ļ˲˼ĿµͷȻ֮ԸôҲƶŪԼҶӵġ
ʲôʱдãʲôʱ֣
ǣһʱģ֮¡誳и褳򸮣Լȷһ鲻˵ͥɺ˿ȷûôѾܣͷҸӣǿʱڣҲ˶ţ
ĽŪˡ
ҸӲ⡣
һӺ褵Ľ±һɫĴ޲ºͿӣϵڱ˿ӣµζ˸һɶ֮ǰŵ·һذ֮¡ǰ
Сͽţټϱͳʮֿɰ۵褣ǻһϰմ·Ŀ⣬۵СԲʮϲġ
ʦ
ȫ֪Ҫʲô
ߵǰļ򣬡С㰡ʦģģ°ҵģúڶŲųǵϲͶιΪʲôҪѰأǵðʦһҶ˵ĻɱҲΪʦĵˣôĲ㣬ԣԲˡ
褺ܻš
ѾѾϳȥ˳ſڵԺ򸮺ûκεĹϵǶǼſڣҲʬ
ʦȵȡ
竣ȭŹԭͲǴѾͶѾĶ֣˵ϰ֮ˣһһҼŶԷĸ첲⣬ȵȣʦ㲻ôңҲҵİ
ףǰһֱվߣֹ֧ʦôͱ⸱Ѫӡ
ǰ
ң
С㣬ܿͻ㻹ܸң
˵꣬ЦŶ褻֡
ʵʵҲַģһ־ڵѡ񣬵ڶǺǰһţţϾСոʧ϶ܵģټϾʳ⼸죬Ҳû֮ǰôΪһĳʱӦøİݺͰο
Ȼ֮¡ѡƾʲôҪš
ͽܺͶӻвġ

֮¡Щʧ
㻹Ҫôڵ壬ס𣿡
誳üǮ𣿡
ûŶһĶûУ
ҸӿŲõϮͬʱ˵𣿡
ǿһô׾ͱˣ
˵⻰ʱȫһνģǣһǲˣҾͲٹУˣһס˸ţ˵ӳȥ˾Ͳٹܵģ
ôˡ
ôŶס
ȻûٹܣʱǷǳģ˸ǷţȥϢټ֮ǰļƻ
ڼ䣬飬׬дƻ˳š
ѾʱʱسȥԼᡣ
Ѿɺᡣ
ѾͶѾԽŬڿһ˦ѾѾĻᣬǾԲŹģߣֻӰǽٶȡ
ߣÿһ褵Ӷˣп褡
һ·ӳȥ褣൱ù
һͶ˽ͷĵİչˮ˴Ѻ˵Ƕѵģõһ
ͷ˰ӡ
һ߿һ߿ͷĳ޵Ӵ
֮ǰ˵Ҫӵ֮¡Ҳµ
Ҫʱ򣬱ӲֹˣԵͷҲá
˵Ļ
ԼĲ
ǾͿûܽԼӹô
һģ̵ᵽʦǾ仰㻹ܸҡ˼
ʮʱ䣬ɹĽԼؤ
ԶԶؿҪһֱţǶţǾȻǼҵĺӣǣһ㶼ûйע֮¡˵ļƻҪִжãڼ褵Ĳ״޶ԣһ䣺ǻûﵽŶˣҵĿᵽУ
ʲô߰
ʲô
ţ
˵ô֣ҲڰȥԺǧڱһ仰ˡ
׼ȷʱ䣡
Сʣһ꣡
ʲô
֮¡۾ɵϴ󣬡ģ
ģ
Ц˵ţһƣǲ֪ģ
ˣ
֮¡һ˦뿪
~
һ죬ڽĴƻˣվԺУƣԼܹһЩţҪһؽ꣬ڣ׼׼һľϲأ
Ѿ
˵
ѾҲ֪ԼСʱ࣬ˣ̬൱غá
ȥҴ
Ϊָʹս֮⣬һþϢԱ
Ӱĳ֣ʵ۶ƿԽԽǿ֪ǰݣԼѾһʢĸоÿֺǺǵæµţʱ䶼û֮ǰôƵˣֱţһֽݹȥ
ʵ۴һ
ü
һ仰ټһΣдϲ
бȽӰľϲ
û˵ʲô𣿡
ΪʵۣܲϲŵĸоӰϢЩƺرæţܴϲ
ҡͷ
֪æʲô𣿡
ٴҡͷ
ˣ
֪ˣͻᰲŵģʵ۾
ǣһ糯ʵһڣ˾֪ǵıҪʼˡ
ϴηô飬޵İǰȻҶһȺФɺͬһڰĹǰУֻҪһ뵽ʵεȵķŭԼģ޾ͳҹѰʳҭ
ÿ춼ŴĴǲǺػʵ۵ķϻ
ΨʷǸ˼ѪƵģ˵öԣ
ǣ޾ټһΣԭ£ǣѾԲǵЩФѾõӦеĳͷ
ˡ
ʵ۳ƪۡ
˵ǽһ˷θ
ҲرգǵıԽḻʱ򣬶Խִš
ԣ¾ټһϹڣҲûվԣ˵ԻϵӣǴûеĹ˷ѡ
Ȼһ̣μһдӼ򣬾޺λ䵽У˿ʱ䣬Ϳԣ
ʵҪٴμ룡
ܾµģǱĺǼ֡
ʵۻһдӼ
ֱ
ǣ̾ټɢڸ£ҹ˾ҹʱ򿪴ᣬ˭˭˭ͷǴɱʵ۵˭˭˭ңʣµ˭˭˭ŻǵĿǳȷɱʵۣ߶̫ӣǻȥķ⣬һ࣬
ôĹͣʹͿ϶ٲˣǼɻڴҫˡ
Ȼ˭Ҳû֣˼˲ˮˣһ˷ɢȥ֮ĵ뿪
յϢ㣺
ô˵أ
ظлѧĶǸ߾Ⱑٿ˵ֶΣʵֲ̫ˣòС
Ϣһ㶼ݣһԼţݸͻʵۡ

ܾȻ˺˵Ǵֻµ˲̫
ˣ֪ķϣôҲףʱȫȫβظͻȥɡ
ʵۣ
ΪһԸº͵ʴȻʵۣ¾֮ǰʱ֮˲Сı仯ɲһ߱ɱˣ˵һжõķչҸôҲû뵽ûҪȥŪʵ ô˾ôҪŪء
üͷʼ˼
ȥһھǣȥ룬ϲ𣿡
û⣡
ŹǷûзԻʵ۵ľֻǿҴǿܾҪһЩ

Ϊ˽һ򾡣źŵֻһ׷ټ֣Ȼ󣬳˱ʵ۰ȫģȫȥ˼ĵطʼΪļ١
۵ᱳʹǻпµ
֮ǰѾһμٵĽҲûĺ棬ֻľȻظŻеĶ
Ϊͽ
ȻûС
»ʵ˵˼ӼǽΪεĲţ϶Ҫϵİȫȥϳ˸ɾ緹ţҲֻеȵϢһµġ
ôϣ޾ˣȥ룡

ǿŻʵۡ
ֻվǣһʲô鰡޴ߣھʹķ
ȥ
ȻǾϲԽ֪Խðɡ
𴲾͵˵㶫Ĵ֮ƣǻĵѹܿóȻΣ¡
۵Ļǡ
һ·ͣ
һ˾ĵȥ˼ĵط̫ոţɫãտżظ֮ǰ飬еĴǶľΨлʵ۵ľͷʮֺã漣ٴγ֣֪ٵٹ٣
ľŽ
Ҫؼҳ緹
Ȼһ̣һɴ۾âƾճֵʲô
ʲôϷ
ʵ۵ð⡣
ڱӣĶ
ȻǱ
Լ飬עҪŴԻ͵Ļʵۣ
š
ҲΪȷĶǷǳõġ

شһ
΢ڣ
̴ŽӶ͵޵Ĺ޺һȥУ顭ʵ۵˼ոǿĳӣҲϣ˭ҪǸҴӵ⣬Ǿ͸Ū
ǣ
Ҳӡ
ǲү͵ģ϶ǻʵۺͽϹ顣
ֻǣڽ˻ʵ۵ĹĶһһԼЩûмĶ
׺ȵȸ߲ϸдֲԼʳ÷ʽ
ľǿŲͺ
֪ºͶйϵڲͻȻðһ뷨Ķ
ٴƾŪĶ
ǰû⣬ɶһôǶãỤһӵĴڣأ
һܽ͵Ĵ𰸳ˡ
ĪǶɣ
ôһ˿ɵĻʵ۾Ѿȷˣġ
̫жˡ
СһĻʵˮ
ӵ˶֪ЩʳǵĴεȵĸ㡣
Ȼ
⻹û档
治ʳиʹ÷ֵ֣֣֣ȵȣȥֱǴ۽硣
Щû
˵̬ũҵеֳȵȡ
û緹˶оˣ֪ʶ
鱾٣Ҳ١
һʱǿġ
ǣһȺֿʼű࣬ÿ涼Ŀ¼˵飬ǴӼ򵥵ؿʼһ
ԣ
Ӧõľ侲
ʵҪʢЩӺγûԸż

ΧΧ࿴˿Ȼ󶼿ĵЦ˳
𱣻
֤һеٽܣ
ü
ʵ۹ȻǸиˣ
һӱĵطǮȫûκαµľڳĴһ췴˼ܳɹģûһ˱ѵģȫҶ˵ġ
һأ
Ȼ˵ûһɾʵ۵̣ĳǲúԶ
ٿǺгգ΢ЩĽ
ø
ʲôˣ
ԸҪ´μֱʡ
У֪
뷨˲ûĹˣֻʱûʱ䣬ϼȺ˿϶յϢţʱۼһԲߣԣҪȼȺץ˵
ʵû
ϻŽҵεˣ˯ѹİնۻһμ룬Ҵ͵Ķʱɵˡ
ô£
˵𣿡
У
ȥʡ
Ȼһϵ˵լӣȫ֪լڵĺüֶڽƿ֮С


145 
ҲŸոյϢ, ʱͬµģ泳ӵѯʣһ죡
Ǻŵ, ΪһӾͰ
˵
ָո˵, 顱, һȺţƴ˽, һӵ˿Ϥ·ʶس
ǲǲ֪ܵƴһƴһܳȥء
߽һ, ˵һ֣ţ
ȻһʵĴݶ, ˵ȫ档
̾ȥ, ûá
òУ
ӵ£, һȺܻĿռԽԽС, ˼ˡ
ôҲܶ׼Լˡ
û취͵˶֡
һ˫ð, ҧгݵصŶĽ
ɣ
޳ܣ
ܺ, űųŵ, Цʵ˭Ǹˣ
ң
ң

һȺ˻ͦ, һ, Цݸ, ͻȻЩΪʲôôϲ, ô˵أǺ, ɵɵȻǶϳ, 浱Ҳ֪˭ϴ󰡣
һȥ
ӵĽһųŵ˿ʼתܿ죬λ˾ķλ֡
˲
ջҲܱƽڴҲһûһôʧܣڱסʱ뵽оԼûȥˡ
ʱ򣬽ĻԺ
ֻôֽһõģǾǳɹɱ˻ʵۣһǷɹѣǵĹͣǵļ˻õõչˣڶ־ǴɱʧܣǱɱҿó㶫ʵʴȣĴҲŹǵģ뿴Ľĳ֣Ҳܱ֤ǵļˣʳǣ
ƽǷǳǼҽġ
ԣ뵽һ֣Ǿǻûüжݱ˷֣ҲǷǳпܻڽ


ʱţָʹҺн顣
뵽ĻƽǶˡ
ǣһֵܣο˵ĸе˾ʲôûˣֻлŲ顣
ǣֱӳӲЦݣˣº
⻰һͣˣһ¶ŵı飬ϴôˣ
׼
ܵġ
Ǵôжأ
ǽ˵ˣǱץסˣ鷳˵˵ˣῴڽϾǵġ
ˣ
ĻȻỳɡ
ԣѲı۷ˣΪµˣ
š
⵹Ҳ֣ڴʱǼҽһֱϲŶʵҲϲͻȻ;ԼҽӮ˶Ĺʵۣ̫ˡ
ֻǣûãΪ˾ǣ¶ôõһӣʵɲأǲǱñǸǿڹؼʱʤ֡
뵽һȥ˵һȺʮֵ䡣
üֶ̫׾ˣߣ
ƽ
һãؿ
ʲô䣡
ô
ԣסԼֵܵҪȵȣˣ˵ġ
ɴ˫Ŭչϡ
һֵֵϴ󣬷Ӧǿ죬ö˴ܼǱȥ
һȺ˱ؽͬһܴĵ
ƽ֮˵Ŀ佱˶µģ˵ʲô
ô
ϴͱװˣǶġ
ǰϴ󣬾
һӺƽëʲôǽˣ
ʲô
ԡ
ֵΪʲôڿ
ԣûб¶
һ𾴵ƽѾЩˣӣ𳳣Һú룡
Ӻңһ˵
Խ󣬴˵ĸоǿ磬ɿվˣǣڽһԺøؼңַϢԼڵʱŻصңϷ˿ŴŨŨĺȦ۵Ӵûס߶һ
˵˵㣬ΪʲôҪȥΣվͲ˵ˣôۣ
ĸ
΢Цؽе
ˣϽȥϢɣ塣̫̫֡
뿪ȴûлԼԺӣȥҰԺ
ʱѾͤһᱡĵɫɴȹķ٣͵ĵƹ⣬濴ΨֻôǶõķ
磬ˣ
¶õЦݣҹָһ㣬֪Ҫ׼ЩƲˣ˵ɫúõһģ
⻰һǴˣ⡰˵һ⡣
ã
󲽵˽ȥֻǣΪʲôҪ
ϽĻ⣬˵꣬££ɴ䣬Ȼٽַͷϵϣôÿ𣿡
ÿ
˵⻰ڳ˼С˺󣬶Ʊ˵ãлл㣡
䣬ͷоȫˣֶŵظԼϡ
ؿ
֪лл
Ϊʲô
ΪЩҲΪİգǰĴ׵һͬʱȴĻ£Ҳϣܹã
ֻǺһСڣЦ˵ʲôʰɣ
Ҷã
һ
ͷǧȷٰ˵üű峺ľˮֻǣ磬ûһٵĸо
üô˵
ʱĸо΢΢ü㲻ǵĻʵ̫̫棿ĳһ̫˵˵ǼңȻÿ˶ôһȱ㣬ŵ㣬ֱͲֵһᡣ
ͻǼٵģ
˵ٽܣ
˵֡
š
ٽܲô㣬ҵǳ໹Ը񣬸棬ǶǳĿϵ֣ûһ˿˿ƫ·ΪҶڵġ˵ԼЦˣĲţȻҲпϹ롣
˵
ʵģأ𣿡
ʵѾǵһ˼ˣĵط̫졣
Ǵ
Щ˳òĻɡ
أ
̾һȻվ־ͽǵŵԴ࣬ŶԷʮµķͱңҪǼٵģҺ͵ôʲôտеķѵҲ𣿡
̧ͷ
ҪһٸһʹȷǷ𣿡
ǵǲã
̾һ磬Ҫӽѧϰ֪ʶԣĻͲ˵ˣ
Ǻǣ
ֱЦҾٽܶǼٵģǴıӽģҪǰ˵⻰ʱֱһĨӵĶ
ҡͷٵģҺԶ˵Ǻ⣬˵ƹôãǼٵҲһΣ
һ
صԭλãˣ˸ˣⲻʺ㣬֪ģǸⲢҪشЩ
ʲô
Ŷ˵Ļ¶ı飬ŵӣǲҪһܲܺú˵
ðɣ
֧°ͣ磬ҾˣٸƹһѧΣʱǾͻҵľˣǲܹͨﵽġ
û𣿡
Ůأͻأһ䡣

֮ǰܣԷͻȻͳˣЩò׼ˣһ£ɣˤŮ
ŮûסðɣܹȡֻҪ뵽Ķó
䡣
һ̨̫߼ʸУСɵһʾΪߵĵλ
Ȼһɫ񣬡ʲô
ɿԡ
ֱӾͽˡ
ǲĲҪ
Ц
ΪʲôҪΪʵûл츳ѧôãỤ̋ȻǲܽػԣŬŬֱѡһΪԱͼ˵ǲˣĹҲԶġ
򿪣ͷ׼磬Ц
΢Ц
ĺúߵߣ²£
ͿһԼ
ǲµģϾҲѧϰˣڻѧúʲôԭ
žؽһͨ󣬾Ϳ֣һ
ֱӽе
Ϊʹġ
ٸʵ۴̨ЩôͣԼɣ
ã
ͷȽôã
ȵѧ˺һ󣬲ſ˵ˣҽ콫̿һǵͷ˵ܾ뿪ǰ˵ˣǵģ
һ㶣Ц˳ȻԼ֪˵˵ı¶һģһ
û˵ã
Ҳǣͷôı¶Ը¶ͷôܻ˵顣
Ǳ˵
硣
˵Ѿ¶Ĵ̿ͶǶʵûжôԷǵĹȻдһдܾǮˣţ߻ʵۣһͬġ
ǵȻ
µĿѾ½֪
ˣ
ɫѾ˵ô࣬㿪ĵعӣҺҲȥʲôټ٣ַǶҪⲻסٸˣ
ݰݣ
ָ
æ
ǻʵۺس뷨æ֪ҪһĻȵǻ֮ɡ
֪ǺĴǿıԼüλˣ
ʲôˡ
ʵ۰ʹǼƻõģ˵˷ܺͼڱӣүۣд˶Աĸ߲
ļٵģ
Ϸ
ʵ̫ˣԽ˵ԽҲԽ˵Խ
š
ó
ǲڳûһܵõģ¹գ˭ҪǸи޲
ңҡ

ʵ۸̾һ䣬޸ո˵
ô࣬ʵӦøлˣǲ²˭
ȥ˻ʵۣõȴȫûѧֱӾͽΪЦøɵƵúſ˵˵Լ˵𣿡
ţ
ͷ
֪ʱ佫ǳæ
ԣͽϰɡ
Ҫú룡
ʱ˵üһַǳõԤС
Ǿ
Ȼ
߿쳹ãĴǲǲʵ۵ļͬǷǳƽģֻ黹ܺϵһ𣬻᲻̫ˣ
Ƕ֪ϲ
Ĳķʽ
﷢ᣬΪʵ̫ˣȻͷϣһͥɺĿⶼŲơ
ҵҪʲô
ƷԱ
֪һǳɻ޷ˣǣ޸ǣ޾˼ľʵͣһ£һĲˮ︹̣Ⱥ˰϶Ϊϲôģⲻ֪Ժøе塣
֪Щ߲ũׯŵģ˴ˣһҹ֮ͳֵģǾûΪʲô˵ũׯΪʲôƫƫ
Ĵǣ
ղų֣ҹҲûκεĶ

˲ҡͷܣǸӡ
֪ǲţǷӣǣٿʲôʵ۽óҲֻУոһ̨һ
̧ͷŻʵĶ
ͥĿ⿴ТƵġ
˭кöԼ
øգȺû˿Ϊʲôʲô
Σ
ֻվ
ϵĻʵ۰ڳ̬չʾͬſ
һǾΪˡ
ʵۣٿССһģһˡ
ʵ۵ˬ죬ԼİǸĸо϶ŇNɪЦݣһ䣬ɵ˰ɣ
ﻹ͸߲ӵĲͬĶֻм
˵⻰ʱ򣬻ʵ۾͸ӇNɪˣĽҲûãУûУ˸˰
ϲһһ
ڿĴһʹ
ôˣʵ˺
ѵǱӦ
ԣ޾˷ΪŮ
ǣ
΢˼һ£վѯʵ£Ůʲô
ǴŮ˼һ£ʵֲȻŮô
Ȼ󣬾ӦܵҴµأмκ˲¹ȨϵʱҶ!
Ŷ
Ǿûˡ
һݶѣûʲô˵ġ

˭һӼƽϡ
վ£⾿ǲ΢ûҪȷһ£ǣ΢ͬµľ
Ĵָ
߰
ʱľȻؿһȺڳջһܵȡԽԽ𾢣Լʱĺһ䣬λǵȥ
ɥ־
ĸһȺȻǶġ
ҲûദôãûƬ
ԡ
һţǾͲˡ
뷨ΣֻһȺ²ܻðУҲܸоһҪڵŸá


146 
յʱһζ, ûôģô͵ʱˡ
һûסǰǵ
ߣؼң
ȷӦͥ, ѾͷĶж, ӶˣǵģȺʲôȥʶѾͷþˡ
Ϊ׵, ôš
Уġ
ˣ
ͺԼĽ, ҲҪ
ǰ, ˣһ𣡡
ԼҶǸ, ٽܵ, ܣ
룡
ľȻؿ, ̫, иŮö˲𰡡
ȵȣ
΢Цſڣϣ, ǲʲô飿
Ļʵۣ
Ĭһ, ۾һ, , ޻û˵أ, һɥ־, Ůô, ûɣ
ǣ
ôãô˼˵
һ飬գץһǱ̿͡˵ʵۿŸȫһȺ󳼣Ҫʡ֪𣿡
ǣ
һȺ˵ʲô
϶ǵΡ
޴Щ̿͵Ĺһ⣬Ǯˣʵ̫ˣֱӾͽﻰ˵˳òԣҲˣǾΣ
Σ
ͬ£
˰ͥڵسףӻʵ׬ǮºǾԻᱻСЬġ
Ӣ
ʵۺ⣬ЦŻ֣ˣûǾ°ɡ
һɶ¶û뿪˽Ų˲١
ֱȥ˽ԼڿŵãվڴڿҡпĹɿԼĵ
ߴƿ˵æ
ϷΪŮ
Ů
ôôˣ񾭲ŮӣŮˣ
ûɣ
˭ϡ
ҾԸ⣬¸߹ٺ»
ԼöԻϵ̬Ȳ̫ԣŻһ¡
ͣ
飬״磬ĴָĹʱ򶼲ΪǼұ£˲ţֻǣ𣿡

ʥּûУ
ҡͷ
ĸģҲϲŮϲŮСŮ𣿡
üëһҪȥԼȥôܣôأ
ƽָʹҲˣôСҲһˣ浱Լȵ
˭˵Ҳģ磬ҵţ

ⲻҲİɣ
ܣ
ɶˤˣġ

ҵţ
˵꣬ȥԼˣȵʱ򣬸һžͿԼڶٽױϵ̸Ѿоᣬչȥ緹ˣ
ٽͬʱ
ӰǸ֣ټԼ񳤵úãһվǶľ£˧ˡ
ÿ
Ƭˮ
չȥһӾͺˣ˫ֱӾץס˫磬ͣҡΣյôÿΪʲôôܣգգ
㳤ã
ҡͷϵĲҡһεҪЦ˵óƬͳ󣬽Ͷɱ˫ۣ̾͸ģ磬׸磬գջ𣿡
ٽܣ
磬ǳ˳緹ԭƻĶ鱻ˣʼоӰ
չѡ
棬Ҳֻʱ̵ֶѣ˵ʵۺܿɿسǸոָüƻֱ͵ǰµİƻˡ
ͷһϡ
˵ûĺʱֻٰ»鷳
Щĵʵҹټܿɿس£գ֮¡ͥɣտȵȣڳ˶⣬ţҲ˵ùȥϾǸϰȫģҲܸɣǣ˭ܸǣĹʲô
ôҪΪʲôҪڳ
æûлؼңֱӴȥʹȫ֪ͥҲɴ۾
ⲻǺ

һ֪׵Ҫ˵ʲô
ʲô취ǻҪģûԼҶһĲԸ
˸ĹǷҪΪ׼Ҫʵ۵Ļʦ뵽ԷСŮĳƺŶԸţ׼㣬ûôϢ˵
Ҳ˯ú˯ز㣬۾ȻֱӽԴļϣ˯
һȺ˶
ͥɡ
ʵۣ
Ŷ
΢
ˣ
ָˡ
Ǻǣʵ۸ЦޣѾЩûмˣæҲ㣬ⲻЩӺòã˻ˣ

˵˵
۾û˵⹷ʵúȡ
سǣ
¶¶Ͱ͵ģˣǻΣֻǣһգ˼ԲˣǼδϱʵô룿
ն¶һ΢Ц
ʲô뷨ûС
ôˣϳ˿ܸʲôɡ
˵ˣ¿ûôɫƷһ㶼ɵģǻ˽¼Ҳ֪
Խ

ʵ۵Ļո£˾Ϳһӣ˵ӣʵѾܴˣźĵӣͰֶ˽ͷͱӶУһʵģǺǣʵ̫ˡ
ͻȻ;ϲʵʵ̫ˡ
ЩһϹᣬôҲûĴ
Ľ˹ָѵٷһΡ
š
ٽ֮ܺϣٰ䲻ˡ
ʵۣ
һǵı飬֪ˡ
˵ȫע⣬֪ҹҪƳ
˵Ҳûţ
ȿȣ
ʵ۸ɿ˵£
˿һаɣ㻹֪˵£ûȫԻͷ
޶ڵ⣬հҵ·ʰţҹջһʢ󣡡ʵЦǺǵ˵Ļ⻰ʵǶ˵ģҪָ£ԼʹǵŬ£ɹ൱ϲˡ
Ȼ
Ѿѹȴװ˯ֱӸ־һˮ
ʢˣ
ʵڰ𣿡
֪ж˵òûǮҽε𣿡
֪жٵĺҪ﹩𣿡
𣿴ͳһ𣿡

һķûʵֱӾˣΪЩⲢȵ侲˵ȻҪ޺ǼŬ
ǣ
µҪߡ
Ҫ˵ǣֻиڵǡ
˵ϻ
֮ǰļƻ΢䶯
ѹպ֮¡ϡ
ܽʿѹɣǱˣʧˣǲŵõİȫλ޸޷طĽʿʵüᶨ˵ڴľڣ֮ϣκ˶ܳ͢Ĺƣس͢ɷǴĹߣϣٶȽִȥû⡣
պ֮¡û
ʵۿţҪƫԶĳ򣬴峤İգܹİбϣ
ǣ
˵껰ͷæ
Ķ⡣
Ǿִз롣
ãȫﶼû˵һβ룬һ뷨ʵȻλȫһȺĹĴ󳼡
⻰ʵί
ѾǳŬ˺òã
ţȻִеġ
ǰϣע
һߣص㡣
ڶ죬Żʵܳİߡ
㣿
ֱҡͷ㲻У
Ϊʲôʵ۶⣬Ӱȫһ˲ġ
ȣûǸ㶮ֲͷۣŵͬʱЩҲҪȥˣ°ͣϣûӼΪ֣
ʵۣ
˵Ӱ
ôˡ
Ӽ̫߶ˣ￪˵ѵû𣿴ȱܳǵײ㹫ְԱ
ȱ𣿡
ͷȱúܰˣУΪܿͻᷢʵġ

ʵ۲ϰԺٶ뷨ûˣҲ޷ִа
һʵ۾ͼˣ޷˵
ЩѵӰȥۼܶ࣬ǣأڣҲֻһˣǷչߣҲҪʱԲԣ
ʵ۵ͷ
Ϊ˱֤Щ߲ʳ䵽еİලӰ飬˭˽̻ͼıǲڵһʱ֪
ʵٴεͷ
һˮôˣڶˣӰڶˣ
ʵɵˣ
Ĳ׼𣿡
ܺá
ڲɵɵֻ֪ͷˣ˵ǶӵģֻЩ
ӰҪʶ֣һĻ֪ʶģЦе˵ңܲȫĶ˶ȥɽӰɣ
ʵۣ
УǴȱ˲š
ܿǷǳ찡
һδһα²ԼӴʵ۾ԳĬӦԣ˵һ仰˵
ȱͽ̰
￴ŻʵۣȫԼɨڵΣշӣӰأȻֻǴӸػȡϢǶֳɵһʥּȥЩһռ鱨ͬʱܸɣһã˵μӻԵľǣǵͬӦҲܷչӰЩͲùˣôһġ
ʵۣ

ֻǣҪܶǮɣ
ۣЩĽʿУһְؼˣǾûȥ飬ռôأ˰ôĵӣռ˴ô˿ڣ˰ÿ뽻˰ǻǺ֮ǰһֻ׷ʮ˰գְɣ
һᵽǮʵ۵Ӿתر죬ÿ˵һ䣬۾һݣžžţţ̫ˣ㲻
ʱ˿̣̰ǮʵϣĽʿûһõģȫˡ
ôˣ
ֱİ塣

룬һ䣬ϣǮ֮
Ǯң
Σ

˵ʵ۴ߴٵ
Ǿ˵⣬ΪʲôУΪæûУӰһߺӰһֽ߲ô죿ҪôڻʵȫûԵ˼ɶʧҲѣУһиˣȺףҪô
ʵۣ
ðɣòȫ
ܷŽһӵĵʵ۶

Ļʵۺһ䣬סˣζ˵Ļ
š
Ӱֿòģžͷǳ
ҪץҺ滹кܶļƻ˻ҪʶֲſԵġȻû˵ʶҲвʶֵһƻ˹ȥϣؿʲôĻԸҴ˵Ҳң̫ƵҺæġ
ʵۺ˵æһ֮æ
Ȼ󣬾ͷ˵һҳ
۾ɵϴ
ˣѣ
һ֣оĶˣѧѣ֪жٵĺ֪ҪǮ𣿡
ͷ֪һġ
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ԣִУ鱾ԼīֽȫֻҪְԱٺ»Ϳˡ
ʵ۳Ĭ㶵ؿʮ棬ȻţΪȱǮҪǮĵط̫࣬޲ÿã㻰˵ɣеĺӶṩ鱾ͱīֽ⣬ҵҲ
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ص㡣
óһֽҲκϣԼˣҵ͵Ҿ͸̣Ҷܵġ
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У㲻޲ᡣ
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ģ
ϣûѾ˽ӰټӰˣҵҴ綼ǶƷԱ˿ûʲôҾ˼룬ͲͻȻһ뵱ʵˣ췴𣿡Це˵
˵ĻͲ顣
ǿɲһ
Ҳܣ»㸺𣡡˵ͣһ£ȵٽܳɻʱ޸𣿡
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ϤĵطֻķѾʧûгˮûлЦз·ڼ˵Ŀ־֮УŮٶһüչı飬һ䣬һ͸һƯĹа״شУ¼Ÿֵݡ


147 
ҰԺ, ͻȻۣƮһƣĿڵĵط, ٴʱڷţü, ǰδеأȻļ⡣
ŵĹһģһ
Կ϶ǾԼ
Ա
ԣ
ݾԲġ
ҲΪʲôѧϰϵͳ֪ʶôףܸһʵ˵Ϥо
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Яϵͳƾճֵ
ϵͳ
ͻȻڡ
, ء
Ϊٽܵĳ, ϵͳ𽥱, ҲŻֺ졣
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ʲôһƯĻ
ܵĿ, С»ͷ, һЦ, ͼϵĻ, ۿɼٶȼӿһЩ
ΪؼǵѾ˵С׼ʳĺʱǾ˵Ѿǳˡ
ȫ֪Сʲôһ䣬һܻȥԲԣ
ףҲ֪
Ǿܻȥ!
϶˵
棡棡ϵͳϣάУͳܷͣʱ

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ȻϵͳҲ⡣
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²żһΣԺ϶ҲһΣֽŵļػָ
ġ
һڸᡣ
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ӦóȥһģرûʲôͥĽǣ˵ڵǶǷǳܻӭġ
Դӵ˽ǵݵλճ췭ظı仯֮ͬǰֿ˵Ǽ˵Ļ᲻ˣƴľŬʵԼɼ
źܸߵٺ»𾴵飬õʵ۵ʶȵһǰ붼ģȻǸǾʹ״ٽȡŬĻܿͻȻ̭
ôԣ
Ȳ˵ԼԲ鷢еĳ֪µʱ϶ǵģ޶Ҳ¶ʧı顣

ʲô
Ĵ嶼ʰˣĶҲµġ
˾һѾĹ涨ѳְõ
һʲ˺ͼõ͢Լı
Ҳζţˣǵĸĸ޶ɿԹǵ
ԣȫûк֮ǡ
Ƿ
ĸСӸһУЩиϢĴݣȵȣЩϸļƻ
ʱٽܵ˶ڿĶͷûհʲô˵
ġһ䡣
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ٽܿ˵
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Ʋرܳ衣
ʱı˽˵ǧؾǣСģעⰲȫﲻЩͣҲҪΪҫиڣֻƽƽͺá
бҪ
˵ֲǲ֪ҵ˵ҵٺ»ѾǶ֪ʲôˣԺӵûÿٷֻҳԵ͵ģ⻹ø紷ȻģأĺҵҲģ
ٽˣ
ҪǸһЩ
ǿǺֵܣͬǮƷ滹Ǻܴ󷽵ģϾǲȱ
ٽܵͷ
һҡͷһҲһŰ
ûǮ̫ˡ
ٽļ򣬡ȥɣ㣬뿪ǰúѾ˵ȵʱǹѾˣһǳô
ң
ٽܺһ˵ؽǣȻ󣬾ͿѾڱ˻˵ΪΪԺﱳǵ硣

ܾȥֿܣİɡ
ֵܣ˵ʵҪˣһѣ¶ǣȥϸүͽͬʱţǵӹŲ𣿸ҪֿԣպվĽǶȰţ֪ؼʲôǹﵽڶûиһ׼ôƴĲֵá
ȫΪλŵͷ
Ҳֵ֪õģ
϶˵
ϴ˵öԣ˵һ˵
ѾһԺͿԱߵ⡣
ʼˮԺ˻ܾϲ
ϾүСѾߣûϣһѾԵߵǿڣﶼôдƫƫʵзˣ˭°ͣҪ˵Ѿ߳ùɫҲͰˣƫƫԷ֮ʣǸʱ˭˲˵ӱż˰
ȻȵʱˣȻ֪ռ˾ȻܣһͬҲԵĬ̬ȣǾžҲϰˣȻƽȥһˣеӢŮĽΣҲͦġ
Ƶ򸮵ķߣЦ˵һ顣
ѾȴͻȻͣ
ȱǮĻҿԲҪٺ»ҲȱǮ
ҡͷ˵Ǹ㣬ûջصĵ
Ѿ˵ûҵ˼ո˵ȥطܶΪңԲԣ
԰
ͷ
ѾͷӰóһƱǰ˶㿴ȱǮ𣿡
һǧһš
ĿҲʮʮŰɡ
̿ˮԣѾЯôǮһ䣬Ͳ±𣿡
ֻҵ㻨Ǯ˴٣ùȻʹöԷԺҲҲͶǴ򲻹ǮԷԺһسҲһġѾνؽƱذ
㻨Ǯôࣿ
֮ǰ㻨Ǯһ¶ţ

ǰҲǸˣ
ţеܴˣбҪȥԼ׵ú˵˵ǰ㻨Ǯ飬һҵĹӣ㻨ǮûߵСѾ߶࣬
˵׼׷һЩ
Щ𣿡
ѾҡͷǰСÿֻһһǧİҵլӣũׯ̵ȵȶԼҴ׬ģǮǮ㲻𣿡

㻹լӣ
ѾͷĸС
ũׯӣ
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һһǧǮǮĵȻǣûɽƾСܽǲܵģʵǵɽ𣿡
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о붼ҲѾȱǮһ֪ģɾôȱǰûģ
Ҫ侲һ¡
һ󣬰ԹؿѾûǣ˶ԷС֣Ѿ䲻㣡
ԷҪҪбҪǮǮԼأ
˳û֮⣬һǴõóֵǽݣɽͲ١
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ôһ˵Ŀ͸ˣٶԱһԼ

ҡͷϴҲǲԣֻҪԵȥҲԳʶġ
ˡ
ԣˡ
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ԸȥҺܸˣҲ֧㣬Ͼûгʱֻܿҵӷ֣ҿŶǼС˵ˣϽˣ
˵ʲô˵ȥΪĻöԷԺڵȵȣŵѾ붼û뵽
ôƯܸˣԵһŬ;ʮгɾ͸У
ǣǣ
Ѿǰ˽ģ룬ҡŶԷ˵֮ǰܲȶףҪһ뿪бҰ˳֣Ҷ˵ΪȥܶģԲԣ
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Ҫ֪ЩжˣĸǣǶڸŰæԵĹõֶΣûʲôЧ
ո磡
ѾַĿϣһףȻ󣬽гǽһתԼ˶ͷƤ飬е£̧ͷһĹӣ鳡֣ʱ˿ȴͨ죬ֱӲ͵վոǣֵȥˣ
գ۾ʳָʼϻȦȦʱһϷеŮåʮĵڣ㻹ǵ֮ǰԺѾ֮䷢ո磬˼Ҫ裬ȻٸҺҵСһʫǱǸʫʫҪĻ˼ҿɲŶ
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ʫʫ
ⶼǺþԶǰ飬Ǻǣļǲ̫ˣҪἰԼˡ
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ΪҪҼСһذ㻹С£ûǼСͷǶܻ޳ģѾ뿪ԷĿڣ̧ͷ֪ΪҺռֵò̫죬Һ㲻ͬң̫ȥ͵һͷ㱻Сң
ǰĹǰ飬ϴҸ΢Ц
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š
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ǰҲССؤֳ
˶СǷӣ϶ûʲôģǣΪһظı䣬þ˷˵ϲҵĸ涼ҼСŬġ
ͬ
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нԺһֱô˳Ļ֮ǾԲнġ
ô˵ȷʵӦøл
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ԡ
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صͷ
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衣
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ĽŲû߳ҰԺĿС㣬ϲ裬Ҳᣬ뿴ʱǿ
ҪϱҪģ
ѹڻǵ
ԲһԼŤҡƨָģһˣԸɿҰԺûһˡ


148 
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ﻹǵùôʵۣԼϹỹҪǽ˶׳
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š
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վҰԺ⣬ȷԼҹŮǸ˺ת뿪ͥȫ֪ǵĹôӵĵزģδûɵʱ򣬻޷Ԥϡ


149 
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, Ժ󣬿žһҲϵԼźѾ˵ƤЦĻЦþ͸ˡ
˵˵ž˵ͥɺϡ
ȫǿ佱̫̫뵽ԼѾźüնûмǣﻹ, ϼǵңǸӻ, Ҽһ˯
ȻǵͷӦ¡
, ˳緹ʱ򣬾Ϳϱ, ֵʵϴأأ
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Ϸĺ˦һ۸
Ȼ, ŮǷǳģǣЦԼҶϱ
˲ĺöϱ˵ܺŴĸŮģԺŵ˵һ䣬ͥͩͶìܵʱ̫̫վڶϱߵģЦ˵๫ͼжˣ˵ǻϵֲ͢ȥæ
Ϸˣ
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ܲ͢ţһ۷ϱ϶ûвʵ浾أ
ڶԺ˵ҲҪ֣Ц˵ǺҲǿŲôף˵ﻰԼ൱תۼǽһ쵽Ҫ䣬ദҲǺõġ
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ڴˡ
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ѶǮǶǱעһЩȻǴѾġ
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Ѿ˵ǳ͢ܣͻѡ񲻼ȥ
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浾һ֣ȴҲȫ⣬Ͼǵʱ򣬳Դöȶûȱ
пҴСȥЩׯһѾ̾ʵĿ־ڴˣС˵㣬ԿСһΪǵľٶҸֳɾ͸׬ٶǮҲϵġ
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УǵҪȷ粻ãʵٺʵĴׯҲῼǣԵĴׯĽŵͬʱΪ棬ΪһεĽҲԼԼΪţҲǵƣӷ𣬹һѾЦе˵
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Ȼγ˶ѭ߶ڻ˺ʱѹÿ춼ֻ˯ʱһŸоǰ취ͣ


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ֿҲΪ˶ԼҵĹŮǵ۰ģ÷ǳá
浾ڲ֪ԭԲ
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ǼӻᱣڿұֵĹˣ

һʩѾз緶³һжؽӹ̨ĻͺܺõΪԷСٶϲˣڳĿܶĶ˶٣ֱ̨ϾǣסԷ֣С˵㣬̫ˡ
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浾³ʱСĸζֱУ˷ܣ·Լһر˲飬ЦһֱûдС¹

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ԼһӣŮûʲôõģΪûŮԭ·ߣ
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ٺŵ˭ҺӣΪѧڼ䣬츳ˣѧõͨϵټ뻧ѾǻһСԱ
ÿ¹һĿڳԺȵ÷紵ɹÿˣǽһɡ
С·ŷ硣
ΪͶԲļͥǽһྡ˵Լż̤ƣֵܽҲˮǴߡ
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˵ˡ
Ƕ֪Ҫ
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ҹĳ嶯
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飬飬춼Ƕ顣
·ӳ˶ûĳ·һ㡣
Ҳһ㶼ûпƴ׬Ǯ
̫ˡ
һ㶼ûǸʱ̲סȥŰЩͷصĺҪԼҵжã


151 
ʷĲ֪ϰյ
ôܣ
ֲĲʳ˼̻
˵, ǵ۾ûϹôῴЩռʹڴı顣
ûǮ⣡
Ǳ˵˵, вԣһֻϰʶҪ, ȵѧԺһգǲܻؽ͵ѧԺ
࣡
ʷɤں𣬡˭࣡
ǣ
Ԥ, ĻǶ顣
ΪʲôΪһ, ʷֱóһдʮĴ֣ǿǿ, ǱճϢ, Ҹһһ
ʷǿʼ
ﲻϵš
Ǽұô
Щÿ˯ʱ
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ǴӻĲ̫Զˡ
ȱǮ𣿡
ϰеĻʵۿ϶ȱİ
ĺû𣿡
ǾԲᰡ
ΪʲôҪôŬϣİܹøã
ʷɫؽ˼йػʵ۵С, ô˵أ
ҪǷܾúƽ, ɻ˻ʵ, ǾͲһˡ
Ƿǳж
ʷһ, ˮ˵ǵĸд, ˵, ң
ôо
Ҫǻϣôô׬ǮĻ, ǰһܳһⶼ, ʮ̵ʱܳϡ
ҸЩ, ǼסжãҪ˵Ϊʵ۶ôŬôˣڻԼ𣿡
࣡
ǻٸʮʱ
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ţ
ľ
һ㣬ҪҪȥԣ
Ҫߵġ
򵥡
ȥ
Ҫȥ
ĹԱడ
ʵ۸ǵʱǰһжλһҪܣӵ˿˳͢дû˵ȥ˭õôŵĻʵۻѸĺ갡
ĴֱʣѹͲǼұµ硣

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춼ڸϡ
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վˡ
ٽѹûоƺʲôõġ
͸ӣǻۣԼԼһУ˵ԼѾûôȥˡ
Ϊոչһ飬ΪԼȫ˵ģȻһž˦
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Щ֪ʶİϤ
аɡ
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ټϽţÿ춼ʵúܣ΢еʱ϶Ǻһģ֮Ľһڷ˳ش⡣
û
ôìܡ
ôյһˣȻܺԥػشʮµ⡣

ٽܸ㲻ôôлյëϾӺõ˴඼ǣӦûᱻƤԻġ
Ҹ׼һľϲ￪˵
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лл
òصлٽܲϣЩڴģȥԶǳϲź嫵Ŀգͻ᲻رá

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磬ҪŬŶ
˵⻰ԺֱӺ̲ĻʵۣⲢ
ص㣬ϣҽиҪ飬룡
Ѿæµš
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кҪҪ˵
һ䣬ʵ۾Ϳʼ²һ顣
бҪѧԺĽʽʽҪ񲿣
⻰һ
ļˣǷҪϳ棬ֵֻ¼ƻһ־ͽţⲻ
š
ʷҪдʵž˵һѡ
ϳ˽˶¸˼ƻ
ͥɿԼҶӡ
Цǳˡ
ԹãһȺǻ۳ȺĴѾתӣҸ㣬ҲҪһȥǸۣʵҲɡ
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ʵһ䣬һգµģʮ𺳵֣ǣʵ۵س֣ǽһʹǴʢ
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ôˣǴгģԼҶӺĹϵټԱӣôܻ


152 
͸
, ͷϸؿٽܣҲûоӳжྪ񰡣ôܹԵߵأ
ٽܺǵصͷ
֪ˣ
ǵͷ
Щ
ô˵
ٽɨһ, ȥȥ
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ȥ ǸɴؿڣֻҪɵӶܾǵıƤԽԽˣ֮ǰڳϿȫû˵͸ӵ, Ǹģ, ·һ㣬Ǻ, ҲǸ˶ѡ
һҪһ, ԭΪӽ˵ĺ̾ʧ٣붼û;ܾȥ, Ҳȥ
, ѾӦˣ
һ仰, ˾͸ˣΪ, ԼҶӴӦ˾һ, ̾ɨƼҵˣǶȥ
һȷ๫ˣ͸ٽһȥȥˣЩس֮, ֻƼҲһ˱˵, մٽܵĹ⣡
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, Ҫȥ
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ǸТ˳ĶӣԲŻĵؽ
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ԣڵ˶ͷһ䣬ԣȥ
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۵ʱ褴򹤵ľ¥ոһƣصխ谵ķͿԼʦ΢ЦؿԼứؾð˳
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153 
ڷɣ
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ũׯҲֻһ㣡
ŷдԽԽ, һȺ𾪹ȫ, һ۾ɵúܴ, ϸ۲죬ʱ˿ǵıͷϡİһģһġ
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, ˾ͼ˹ȥ, ͬͷȥ棬ŵòһҧݣҲֻһ˲ĲȻ, һС˼ĵģ
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ʵ۵Ҳæϵʧûйϵжʮ⣬˵飬żѾˣƱܲ˵ģţҪչǵʴȡ
һȺ˿ʼæ
ȵ˽Ժ
տܵúۿͣصǸԲ𣬶ԲҲ֪ΪѾˣ֪ҾЩˣ
Щ˶ǵԸЩۣͬһıˡ
ЩĹΣʲôϵһϿмƵ˵ҵͬɱ׵İɣ
һĸ׸ŵͷ
ׯȵģҲĸԸׯģׯһ˵飬ȻʱʱЩĥǲڵģΪˣĥЩǣ
￴ϿյĿⶼűӣ
öԷ֮ӣһ·ȫ
֮ǰ룬һδɱ޹˲˵Ͽ˵ˣҲ롣

ﲻô޶
Ҳġ
ܻɶԷ׼ǲǵжŮˣٺӣ
ڽֻġ
ҲЩ̫Ҫ񱻹֤ǵѡȷģֻĥǲûҪǵͿˡ
ȵЩ˰ȥϴԶ
ЦΪ˶ĹжŮûб˵ϿգѵϽȥɣϿգˣĿտɽׯԼĲƲǳ͢ˣԺôһӻҪģ
Ͽգ!
ԭΪȻһֱһ֮ҪҺڡ
һ
Ȼǲܵġ
˾ǵתö찡Цеվ˵⻰˵ˣտմ߷ڣ˫͢ǾԲܻԼļ˵ģ˵ϣ΢Ϳտմһ
׼ˣ
ϿջûзӦʵ۾ʹһӣǰֵǵĿտɽׯһլʲô
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аɡ
סĵطͿˡ
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ûסҵһǧһ𣿡
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￴ſٿĳֱ͢Ӻˬؿڣģڣһļ˷ǵļֵȻ¸ӣ㿴ǼҴѾǲǵ͵𣿡
Ѿ΢ЦͷûǣǺܸԣǶ¸
֪ЩѾ߼Ҳˣ
Ҳͣ
ˡ
ĽҲôȱǮģֻûôǮѡ
˵ģ
ϿһӾ;ߣȥ⣡
˵һεʧһǵҪƽֱ࣬ű򿪣һӵĽשǺأ˸оԼҪˣٵؼţ˿ʼЩש;
ǴûиоôǮô
ö顣
һһ
һȺ˵ĽŶƮģоǲƶһ
ȵڽԺǸоԼҪ侲侲
Ҫ̫࣬Ҫ̫࣬ǧƮһΪͰǮǮɴ˿ɼǱ˵ɲĿŵӣ
УЩƱûн⣬Բʧ
һȺ˶
ûǴĻһ㶼ʮ
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ͷܣ
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ˣǼƽϡ
˵ǲιۿտɽׯ
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ѾˣҪЩ⣬뿪ǵǶġ
ڶ˵ЩǾѣǣսʿǵĴһЩ
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һֱȱǮĴﶼȱҪǮ
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ʵۣǱǮˣļƻˡ
Ļʵ۾һ
ѽгǮޣչƻ
һ߰һ˵
ǣٽܵдƱ˰ʵ۶˰˹һ¿һ߶ߵĴ˵ֵһ˵סȻȥɢϢ˴ڿտմؼ￴أƱֻҪһͿԽȥѧϰ
˶ŻʵĴָ
Ƕ֪ǮһӦֻëëꡣ
ڷˣҲŹκ׬ǮĻᡣ
С㣬Ͳ취̫ۣ
Ѿ⻰һڣ˸ŵͷ
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ļ񵽱ˡ
ҲˣǱҹ߻ˣ
Ѿİ۷øСư
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һ߿羰һյеҧгݡ
ʵ
۵ġ
ɶǮ
ֻްһûûа꣬ǲܵģô죿
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155 
ʱֵ, ˣӦҲܽǰĶɣ
ôţһһ˿˿ڴؿͷ羰

Σ
˵߿, ׵׸磡
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ῪѾ˵Ҳ, Ҫ, һȻٽ, ͥɺ, ٿʵ˫ڴĿ, ˣӡ

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òУѾžž, дôҲֲ, һ, һΪǲרõİ
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ŵ˼һġ
ڿ쵽һѷдطΧʱɴѾһ˷дǰ߸ʹԼ̵ֻҪѧϰ
ʵ۵һƬȡ
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˽˭Ҳ벻ǻ˶Էһٶʲô
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ʵѿΣ²̨رΪһ֮ɨǷǳص飬ˣΪ˶ž鷢һֻ˽ãж
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˿ѵΪãԸ˵
лл㣡
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Ǯ֮֮ǰ飬ǿˣ书λǮƶṇ̀ΨҪģ˵Ͽ̾һһȺĹˣģȻԺӿûǰôڣһҵµġ
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ھʣһѷдһ
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ЦеԺӣԷһ֪ʲô飬Цؽӭ˽ȥ


156 
Ժ, 䣬޴͸¶ž£Ҳ޴ʾ˵Ʒζ, Уо˶˲١
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ҡͷҲţ㣬ֻ˳İɣ
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׼ˣ
صͷ
֪ʶ, Ҹʵ㹻ǿܹЦЩ籩𣿡

Ĭ˺һ, ¶ʮƤЦݣ㣬Ҳ̫Ϊˣѵ֪һǿԵ𣿡

⻰̫еˣһʼûпǰС׻Ƿǳǿġ
˵ԲˣԻҵС㣬е磬ڣҲǻῴ̫ίġ⻰˵úܿ϶
á
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ʺãвŻбΪԱĹϵͲɹʵ̫ûˡ
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ͥɿŵϹŵĽС壬һ˿ͣŵ⣬ͥɵŮ
ȻˣҾͳȫ㣡
лл
̾ͻصԺӣʼѧѧϰġ
ҰԺУǰĶãԴСͺͷ
ֱӸһצӡ
ѾȷԼļ⣬ʱʱǻӰģĳԱĵ
л
ͥԭΪҪһ˵ʵۣ˭뵽һڣ¾ʹӦˡ
Щ֡
ʵ⣬ȴǷǳصʲôɻģˣ㲻ᵽڻΪĹŮɣ
ͥޱؿʵۡ
ǾĹŮ
ʵ
ĳ֣ûʵһϵûУֻǽ˵Ķӣҵɣ
Щס
ȷʵЩԽ͡
ͥɶ˰
һӾ˻ʵ۵⣬¶һ΢ЦϵĻ˵ƺеֻǣ΢֣΢ļҲͨͨûʲôرģɼȻΪʲôѡʼң
У

ûţ
ʵۣ
ЩŶ
УѾͷȻЩ裬ʱЩТʶĵӦþֻһˣϣ˵ҵĹŮ㣬ҹŮҹŮ͹ˣ
ʵۣ
ˡ
ʲôҫġ
ܹҴ񣡡
ʵǿ
ͥҲûټˣûʵлһ
ˣûйΪʲôһŮ˵⻰ʱ򣬻ʵ۵صŮ棬 ɣ
һС֡
ͥɿʵۣöԷǲˣ
ʵȴôá
ǼҪμӿƿǲӰ죿
⵹û
޲²⣬ŮԱ֮⣬ûκεĲ·ʶҲ˵ϵɻûŮ֮Ĳࡣ
е
ͥɸоԼҪ˵ˡ
ȻɶǲӦŬѧϰ
֮ǰ˵ѶйҽѧãʵЩŵģϾԼϲռ˵ӣ˵Ѷϰտ˵ǷǳıˣȻʵ˵ȻԷû˵ȴãĺоѾͷҪŮƽȡ
ǲġ
ͥɵĿĴﵽˡ
õ˲μԵʸ
ڶϾֱڳʱ
տˣ
׼վԣȻ뵽谮ĶϲĹҵġ

Ҫٵȵȡ
׵飬϶˲ͬģԣͲκˡ
û
վľ⹫ʷ
ƣ
Ůɲμӿƾ٣

һѵݵ䣬Ů򣬹淶ð˳
ʷܼ
ܷŭ
оԼˡ
ȥԼҵķ׽̳ôŮ
ܽԼŮ̵Ĳңظ
ڶͥɺһֵ˼ûеġ
ΪĹŮڡ
̵ͥܽôã˵һⶼûС
ǰ˵Լķˡ
ȻǼŮҲŮĸ׵ν̵ر֣ؼ
ŮҲ㡣
ôܹܵˡ
ҲԵġ
ֻǿ˼ʷĹϵһ죬ˣʷһ˵ɣҾ̶̵һѾҪ˵Ķ˵˸顣
ʵĮš
ͥɺͷû˿óǴʱʲô顣
ܹ˼ߵʷĴǱɢһ£ȻһӾˡ
ҹҪμӿƾ٣Ҫ˵ǰλ˲֪Ǿǲܵġ
˵Ҳ˵˳ģͬġ

ûɣ
һг尡
Ȼλ˾㹻ַͣټ϶ĳĬŷ֣⼸λ󳼺ǵȻ
ֵ֧
ô£
鲻Ӧһ𷴶Ե
˵Ǵˣ
֮һʱʲôĶУ
ȵʷ˵꣬ͣʱɫͨ죬ɤѾˡ
˵𣿡
ʵ۵䵭
˶һ
һ̣ʵ۵һӰθߣһĶٸʥֻּŵķݣ
ף
˶һ䡣
ʷɫס
ô
ϱ
У޾ǣڳⷢ߳ãǾʹŴĳӣμһ׿ϵģԣǱޱ̬ͬȣʷȥݽѾдˣǶĻôʷͲõˣе
ʷǣ
ǣ
ܸܲһʱӦ
̫ˡ
һЩسǡ
ͥǲָˣɻ˰
سǣ
û˵ʥּ
ҪٴһӦ֪ϸҵдּѾ˵˵ġ
ˡ
ⶼˣҲ˵㣡
ʴµȫ֪һȵ⹫һ죬ʷΪ˲ȡؽеޣصҲ̲סԼҷһͨΪǳã鷢ӣ˶ԷΪŮʮӣˣ˲ǳЩʼõĴ󳼺ͻʵ۱£һԷΪŮˣҲȫûпܲܳܵסôҵԴ

һͨйʹˣɵ׼Ϣһû˯ţ˼Ҵҵشүˣϵˣ
ɶ
ʷֱӴӴ
Űˣ
Щ˵Σ
ֱӹڵϿˣѾȥˣ
ʷ
˶ɵˡ
ô
Ϣˣ
ˣ
˶ºûйϵǻ룡
ȷʵЩصġ
Ҳڵһʱ俴
Ϊʲô
ȻСЩܲˣҲţĸôΪҪμӿƾٶɱ
̫̫ҲŰ
ĸûƵģô׼һô벻
ǲԣ
ͥɿǰ˵ŵؼˣһתͿѾͷжǷʲô벻飬ûйϵҪȥؼһ𣿡
ôûϵ
˿޳˶Ҫ˵˭ģǿ϶ˣҪǣҪ
죡
ͥεǰδеѷ˷Ժӣ
Ǵʱ˿̣ˣҪѾͷЦ׵ģŶۡ
ͥɵĻȻģ޵øףȴûз
Ѿͷ
ͥһó֮ǰ¹ľģеţֻ¸ǰ߾ˣ


157 
һֱѡĵ·һ˳, δôˣ׵ĻһãһЩһ̣㿴, , ҲĽ, ôһ˿˿Ĵѯʵ㣬ĸǱҺ𣿡
Ȼ
⻰, ˲⣬ܡ
ɱ
˵ȻĿؿؼұŵˣ΢޴һ, ֪зǲ֪, ڣûʲôڲģ

аɡ
ʱͲƽûûС
, 㺦ѡ·Ǵ𣿻شңִһЩ
ûУûкˣ
ػش𣺡ѡ·Ҳûд, ƾʲôƾʲôӿƾȻ, ŮҪμӾݣⲻƽ
ΪС׻
˴˵
Ҳûʧ̬ʳðǵʱá
ĸˣ϶ĵġ
ֻǣ˵ĸ, Բϣ
ûκε飡
ǰ, ļ, ܺ, Ժ飬ôԼӦ֪ôˣ
ţ
صͷ
߰ɣ
￪ڣ磬ãȥؼƣ
ͥɺͷҲԼŮԴϿʺӵģ˵½糯Ѿ˾ǾԲԼĸɱֹ顣
߳ãϪ͸˹
ͷĶǺˮ˵ɫɲͣĿⵣǵؿû°ɣ
û£
Ѿָ˵ҡͷʵӦҲ֪˰ɣҴ㿿ƾ٣
ţ
ͷȻһ˵ôôвŻܿúܺõģͣ
ˣ
Ǹոջ׵ġ

˼ҾȻͬмָ㲻ˣر̫̫Ѳ̫ûгȥ߶ѾЩ˵뷨һˣ
аɡ
ôѾͷǺһ
ؼҵ˵ˣ룬һϵûУûдȾͿʼοȻһС˽ţסͬһʱ䣬Ķһֽ
û°ɣ
ѯʵ
û£
¶Цݡ
ˣ
Щ
ԣ
һ̣Ǿ뵽ˣ˼ҿǽ̽ɣ״Ԫۣ̽һ˫ȫģ
ԣװ
ͻȻ뵽֮ǰѾͷ顣
ˡ
ѾͷԼҲ˵ġ

ովͲӦ÷ˤ
Ҫȥظ˵ٴʱ˿ľõˣҲģʱĸжòҪҪģ˶㣬׵ʹ綼û˿ԥ֧̫ˣһֺһҲͷ
㣡
ã
ͥɣ
ǲǸʧ
ȥظϣｫеֽ򿪣ʮϲЦϴʱһƬ䣬磬㿴ɣ
ӹ
üͷԽԽ
ô᣿ؼôô˵
ʷ˺ݡ
˵ȢȢͣͻأ֪нգҾͲȢ㣡
㿴̳Ů˿޻ʲôŮҪƾ٣һҪҪôţҪﵽҵͷ𣿡
ĴôĹΪʲôôĲظŴģ
ޣʲôޣһ˵𣿡

滹ֵĻûһ໰ȴ䶼ԼǿģܹԼĸһؼĸôܵˡ
ü
ôʡ
ҡͷΪãʱʲô
üɲķôŶò
ʲô͵һʷؼӦҲֹһ;ѹǣżǣӦòҪҽ̰ɣ͵ӦõӦ֣
ʲô
ȻᣬӦֻԶء
ҵﵽͷϵһ죬ôԼķޣҪĺڱ֮Уûһճ֣
ͷԼҶá
ûʳôôʱ֪ϸġ
ֻĬĬ˴Ĵָ
ܿ죬ǰͥɺҲֽûôԣ游ôô˵ĸ
ûĻڣмŮܵ˵ġ
խңҲ㣡
ͥ˵ͣһ£Ҳ£ؼһõóֵĺ󱲶ûУŮȴλȨأܣļְλɱߣܻϿУӲܣ㿼ƾ٣볯ãԺְǽܲ˵ģ

ͻȻ뵽һΣչռ顣
ֻǡ
Գ
۸ĸʲô°
ңΪ֪һ㣬Һؿš
˵˾Ӳ
ÿԼʷӦúطйһͨҲı䲻ʲô
ģͼһʹ죡Ҳ˵ͼԼʹǴ󣬹ؼǶԷƻеԱֻܶԼӷô˵أͥɸˡ
ص³һѵǶ˵ģǿǿ߰ν߰ε

ȻԼŮѾҪ;ˣͥɾ;ıһ½ʽ׵ĸ˵һ㶼ģپͿ츳ˡ
ظʱѾ˰׷
ŰɫĵҡΣƽ˼ֱ
һ׼ߣסˡ
ү˵ˣ˽ԿڣؼңܼӲͷƤ˵
ͥɿŹܼң
Ҳڿš
¶Цݡ
㿴
ܼң
ѹô
үҪסˣһ˫˫ʵ̫ˡ
磬һʷıޣټΧظҪ˵ֹˣŵ˵ãȥȥ˭ֹ
ֲ;ʲô˵һôûС
þͲһˡ
ܼҵɴ۾ͥɣϣֹܹĺ˵˵
Ȼͥɣ
һ䡣
͸ԣֱӴӻͳźŵܼһģȵȣүȵȣȥүҪźţǧҪźţ
ܿ졣
ܼҾͳˣˣǽȥ
Ѿڹײеĸǻױܿó׵۾Լճĺۼžžµĸ۾Ұ
һ̡
޵ĵͱһźƿڵϣ㻹
ؼ˿Ŀһġ
ͥɺֱӾ
һ
һûйĵĲˣվϵĻҳڹײǰؿͷؼ˻ȥƣסˡ
ȵͷҲؼʲô˵ġ
ת׼뿪ʱһųǰ
ϵãĸѾߣһδޣĸԺĹ֣С㣬Ϸū澽ģ
֪ǼϷ˺ίôҲû뵽벻
ȷϷϵ˾
Ϸ˾ôһԼһֽؽŽС㡣
ԣֽŲؼ˶֪
һŴ򿪣Խ޵þԽΪĸԹϾΪĸŻᱻûС
ĸȻʮֵ֧
ǾĴ־ڸоԼǰδеѣһڼӸĸĽ̵޺
ľӣΪҸģӦÿ帣ͣ˵ͷһԭһжֻΪ
ܹԼĸдʱǶôܡ
һᣬһ뵽游룬ȻʼµѾˣûôҲˣǧҪΪҵ뿪ܡ
ôܣ
ĸôãôܲġ
һֱ˵Ǽĺӣôģܰ游ҲǱ£ǸͷӣҲȥֵãԺؼҾ
ӽĨˮֽϣģּ
ĸĽΪңԭΪŮӻ·ߣĸϣܼȥǧҪĸһͱʱĻ˵ڣ뿪ɷͶͻȥúӣҸģô۰ļˣĸҲһֱģϣҵܹΪĵһλŮ٣ҪǸʱһҪҷǰңĸڵҲΪ˵ġ
һŵͽˡ
ĸ
һΣĿ޵ǰûж壬Ѿιȥˡ
˾ôؿޡ
һ߿޻һ߷㣬ĸĸ֧ҿƾ٣˵˵ϣܳΪĵһλŮ٣
Щ죬һɾ⣬˫ֱסС׻ãı͸Ӳʧˡ
ȵȶͥɴͷһȥײǰ
ؼˣֱӱǺ˳ס
뿪ʱͥɿʷϣشûǻϵĻôԸǲģ򣬵ͬѹԣԺҲ˼УϷ˵ıҲϣٷһΣִԲĻǰ裡Ҳ˲֪ϷΪʲôɱ
ʷɫס
ͥɵĿ⣬˫۾װ׵ظԷ֪һС
ôᣡ
˷һа
Ȼ뵽Ŀ⿴֪ˣҲûŽͣ¶һѪȵЦݳûǽô޿ײ룬²֪˰ɣ
ǰΪĹϵмصĻôʱ˿ֻ̣ʣˡ
ؼĸûôӴ󰡣ؼĸĸ䣬˭ĸ׵̲סεġ
ȻҲԲ
ʷ죬ĵشˣԺ»£ⱨӦŶ
ʷɫ׵ø

ڵóӶˡ
ʱܹԼҲʵġ
ǣ֪ϵԺٺʲôãֻܽһƵϣܺһ㣬ͳһؼµĿھΪ룬Ͼǻˣ
Ҳ͸ˡ
֪뷨ֻƲ죡
α
Ϸ˵ֻС˵ĹעʵôؼңٱؼнļҲҪԶ
Ϊʷǵĺը
İ֪С
֮ǰİԣĴϻۣŻ
ϰ˵ĿǷǳ˲ı¡
ʲô
һŮôʱͳһʫʷǻ˼״ԵƷ˳Щ˲žر
ʲô
չʵ۵Ļģս;ҲģһλõǿͼҲġ

һĿɿڴ
Ǻ
Ȼ룬á
һ˶ЩרŻǮȥչݿĻǰûЩǳһ֣ܵʱҲǽܻеԼ¼ϸ̵ˣҲ˼ëЩ˶벻ףôôĹ
Ϊˣ˶üͷ
ҹ壬̫ʢҲǺ飬˼һ磬ȵԼ˻ؼҺѯϾʲôôʷǽ죬ѲɻֻһѾˣ˼һ£Ҳ񰡣
գ
ô뵽Щ
վ֪ˣ
ڶ죬ʷֱӾӳһըҪμӿƾ١
ֱˡ
ƾ٣

ȡȻڳΪ٣
ŮӰ
֪ʲôŮôˣŮȱ첲ˣûԴŮûбʲôΪʲôŮ˾ͲʷҲܣĹ˵Ҳ۰Ȼǻʵ˵ǲе
ڰѾϤǵ
Ǻǡ
ںǵ𣿲ǿ˵Ķ
Ƿܶ
ס
ԣòҹϵرӣԼϴԡ
ǵͷͦеġ
ǡ
ŮĿ
ڼȱ˲ţ˵ˣŮֻҪбµģԵ٣
˵ٶ࣬ûлϵһ仰ãΪڰʵ۵Ļʥּмٵġ
ֻǵһôģѾ㶽ټŮŬ飬
ʷ⻰ǿʼ˼
ȻŮӿƾٺ𾪡
ŮӶһֱУˮԺҲŮѧ
ǲ˵ǼҵŮҲܽԺ
Ӵ뵽ƾʲôĻ̫ңԶԼŮʶĶ֣ԺҷǲҸõ

ѵġ
ǣȵʷ̨̾ܵĻԺѯʣ֪ŮӵĴһ꣬鱾īֽҲṩģЩ̾͸ԼҹŮ
ж
˻ڹۡ
ӺŮһʲô
ŮǶ飬Ժ󻹻ᰲֵַشڼ
ϰյǣ
ϲͲһˡ
ˮԺըˡ
麭ֱӾˡ
ԣɹоٵĻҪһμӻ
ﱬҵĹâϲĹ̫ˡ
Ĳ֪ν
һŮӣʫΪ˲𣬿ƾܲμӵ
ʱ񣬲ΪЦҶģƶûżˡ
˵ʲô
ˮԺ麭ĳߣһС׷ߣһƫԼỤ̊
һ仰£ȭͷȥˡ
Ȼ˴Ⱥܡ


158 
۵ܿ, ʼ飬ĸ˵Ҹ, Ű֧ļ, 鶼ͥɺѡģһп˾ָĲ֮Ҳʹñʹ١
￴СûţǼ⣬ֱӾ׿ˣ·Ѿ̺ãξͿԼˡ
һ, һССñְȽϺá
СֺǺǵĻϰ࣬ǼССķɫͤ￴ýζֱһ磬ٽԼȥԷһ׼ϣǰ߾ܾ, лҪ˵

ؿٽ, ûǵ˵, ͱƵһ, 磬ϽȥĸͶǸҸ, һ춼Һƹӡ
˵곶ٽܵӶ˻־ˡ

Щ
ÿԷĵطͬİ, ɵɵؿǰ, ƹ, ˵ʲô˵һ, û
ٽܣ
˵
Σ
˵¡
Ҿǿһ»ڣճɻ飡ٽڹóľȻҲûҾصŮӣһҲ֪ǲ˿еİĽҿԱ֤ȢҾͻ㸺һӵġ
￴
ȵ÷̡

ǣ

˵
˵
˵񲻶ǲҲ
ԸԸ⣡
ǻʡ
϶Ըġ
ǵ÷̵Ĵϻܿճһط˼ģǾһӵĴ飬ںڻüġ
ٽһԷڽĻȥˡ
ú
һ̣¶˲õЦݣڶɢģܿͳ䣬ãǾף
ã
ٽҲЦ⣬һؼ˿ӣʱҵȥ
û⣡
ʲôҪҲ
׼ҡͷֹˣҪġ
סߵլӿ𣿡
һƬ졣
ҪǿԾȥҲ䷹׵׸æǳס
ԣ
ٽֱӵͷ
ǸոҲ˵ˣصŮӣԣļˣţҲᵱҵļԴ֪ģҶҵļôҲԴҵļ˶Σˣżദʱܻǲ̫죬ӣԸǮ̫ҽģ
ٽܣ
Ǹ˵Էǵúܵأ
˵֪֮
ģҲǿκ㲻Ը顣
ЦݸڵİҪȫѳˣҾûҪˣƹӣҲǨңʲôط㲻ĻҲ˵ģΪ㣬һЩıҲԸġ
ٽò˵лл

￴ǰЦüëҪƮˣȥϰ·˶Ǳıġ
ٽܴԼж
ǿһΪĸˣҲ̲סˡ
ϡ
ʧ̬شף
ţ
ٽܵͷ
ٽܰҪҪٿǿǣֵѾˣе˶ԼԼδɻĶɣҪҹӴһҪҪĻˣôϴհɵɵһɸֵģ
룡
ԲҪĶϱ
ٽܿԼҸס
ͷãҾȥڣ
ˣ
ûĻ
ү
ҵģһ䶨
ٽܶ˴ĴָſˣҺѾˣ׾ǱߵլӣԺҲסӣ㲻Ҳģ㵱ھͿˡ
һ𣿡
Ҫˡ
Ҫң˸ţһᾭġ
۾ԲĹֻ˵һ֣
Ȼٽ뿪ˡ
ءҵÿడֱӾͿ˳
һԵ
ڹȴæˣ˵뿪Ӽգۼ͵ˣûն࣬Ǿͼ˵˵õʱøңҪ󳤱ǰ졣
ռ˾סˡ
֪ŵ飬ǣûԼҺҲҪȥΪûҪ
տȷˣ
ţ
տصͷ
Ǿȥɣ
ҺѾˣȥ֮ǰȽ¶
ռ˿ǰĺӣţеӣȻտ֣Ǯأ
׼ˣ
ǣڶ³󲻾ãƼҸӾſռҸӣ˶һۣٿŸĶ飬˲ˣλ̾¶΢Цմˣ

룡
Ѿյӵͥɿ߽鶼ܸһ죬Ҳ
ʱλƺһ㶼æڶѻǲŵĹ񣬺ٸϰɡ
ǺȲ躮ѡ
տտߵͷſ˵ڵ£ȻүǾܶģ
ֵҵŮ̫̫̫̫ͶˣΪ⣬úܿ죬֪СԺסߵլʱɷϣʮֿĵġ
ȫ̿һռˡ
аɡ
ԼҶҲǺܶˡ
ֵռ˵ʱҲ˿ͣѾҲ岻졣
ֵռ˶棬ѾΪǣԭԼԱߵģֻǱܾˣռ˵ǼСûнǵˣǣȻҲΪԼԵĹһӶСѾߣǴ£ǻȽϺã
ĺ
ռ˻û˵տ̾Цؿڡ
Ƕۡ
տ飬ıһ˿ĲôǹܲţȻûǵҲ˵֮Ҳÿ˵տԺǳԿʲˣǶͷҶܵġ
ûǮûϵǮѾЦտڼΪϴ紷ȣҲǲġ
лл
տòصлҺ飬һġ

ֱӾͰͳӣߵٽץһѣԼҲſ
С㣡
֪Ѿ̾Ͳؽе

ЦŤɶʹ㣬ϲͶϲͲѾһηϻࡣ

Ѿܸɴ˵ôһ֡
տ䵽ʵ
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Щһһɫ·ɷΣżаЦݵӶУһȣһüĿ飬Ц
ʱ΢΢̣ɿ壬ͷϵһӺĿӡžһ£Цеش˹ȥ˵ʲôˣ
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Сǵһɣ
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ϸرƯԲһ£ܵõϵϲĴ󽫾һ飬ǿ϶ƯĹﰡ
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򸮣浾Ѿ߿տյĴϰŵһֽŵɫףϷ˵Ժܣ٤Ϸˣˣ˱ϣѾ͹ֽ˹ȥﳤøƯ֪ÿǺεȵ֮ˣҪƽһС֣
滹һһӣ
һͲʲôĳƺš
ټ٬ƮּϷ˲εˡ
죬죬ȥ϶ſڵţ˵ˣ
ԼҹҹﱻߣԲȥ
ȻϷúãֻ°ߵĲʮŮ˹ģȫˡ
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ͥȴûеһʱӦ
Ϊ֪Է˼档
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ʱûиĴ㣬ҪȵģΪʲôһҪһİš
Ҳͬ˼
ֻǣôôסͥɸ֪һЦǺǵʱðϿգ˵˵ǹƨһӣ
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ЦһѪȣвҵһ˺ڳϵġ
ѾѾѾѾһ
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ĸѾͷ붼ͻش
Ȼ͵͵سţֱС֡
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ĸѾͷһɫ̵ͷɢһںһӣҪҾ־ͳҰ
ŵС֡
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ü
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С棬ʱҲŸޱؿŴһɧɫ·ӴǰƮ

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ɫȻסʵۡ
ǰɣ
оԼƭˡ
ǳá
һɱӿ֡
ô޳ܵˣҲǼС㣡˵꣬ҲԷӦֱӾ˹ȥ
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ûȻˡ
ֻоһʹǰһھʲô֪ˡ
У
﷢мôȻе
ǰóӣ
Ѫ˿ڣţڵ·ɫϲӦҪһЩźÿ
һߣѰ˵ĸѾͷҲû뵽ôɾȫҵˡ
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˹ŵļ̾ƴط
С㣬ܿˣ
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أû°ɣ浾ʵ
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ұ֤Բᣡ
һߣԲߵܸоʲôطԾֱɫ˵ʱ򣬶ˣôڵӣôһ㶯ûС
뵽ﻹ鱨֯
ɫһ䡣
̾ͳҰԺȥ
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ޡ
ʰԺӵ̧ͷһЦСתүүģøʲôʲôȥᴦģ
Ȼ
Ȼ֪úϢô˴ߵһӣ϶Ǽ򵥵ĽɫʱҲ˲ֱӷźŽˣֱС֣滹һȺˡ


159 
Ѿ˽С, ԶĹٵѾͣһЩպһ
Ѿһڡ
ÿ߹һŵ긾ŮѾ, ЦŴк
һߺһ߽еİ˹ȥһЩ, ȻǸֻµĹ׼ġ
浾˸мؽӹشϡ
Сɺã
õú, Ե, ˯ţֵû, ˣʮ, ʱǶ
, ϶
Сܾͻϲ͵ȥ
СԸԳˡ
ǿɲǣ˺þõĹ, ƭˣ

ʼ˵ûԽ, 浾Խȥ, Ⱥ, ǼҶõʲô

ԼöƹӵĻճ̶ȡ
ʵ, ˣɲ˵
Ѿ
浾Сؽе
С, ų´ģƽ͵򸮵ģЦ˵, , λСĵ, Щˣȫ֪֪ŵùģǸǣǻڲ˵°ͻؼңǴҶ֪ѾߣңҲǼС㣬ЩؼϢɣ
Сǣ
ڴǲǺš
ҲǵȷʵĸѾͷǾ˵ģһ㣬ֵָм
СһлҲ˺ܿŵл˼žһŵ
Ѿǻֱ֣뿪תǺСԼصطȥ
ΪЩС·ϳŽȥһֱң̫̫ĴŮһֱŵĲ䵽ʵǰˡ
һͨοѯʣڼ浾Щ
Ѿͷȵǣ
浾ͷѽȻûпãɴѾǼġ
ûʹ磿
浾ҡͷ
̫̫ѾͷҲŮȻЩ裬Щ뵽һȥˣƽѾͷֵԼģǻ̲סġ
ĸǵʱԷǳŵ̬ڵϣǰӻԲѵˣӰͳһСƷذףȻһ£˼ŴֱȽϺãջǾϵ£ǣС㿪ʼλһͷ
ȫûⷽľ飬ԵһȥûպֱӾͳѪˡ
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Ե˾ôʹˡ
һ۾ͿһŲõЦɺ޳صǸԲҲǹģ
ƭӣ
һһ
ͷ˿Լӣ̧ͷ¶аһЦסһӣֱΡ
ȻҲ֪ôģͻȻСһȦ
ѸѣһƳ˹ȥ

ⲻѧ
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Сذһ˹ȥǰ̾ôģһҿ
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֮ǰûзϡ
ΪϸֹòҪ̫࣬ԼҲһЩͨôܹ˵Ȥڡ
ڣ
˵һαûзôڶأ
Բɺϡ
ǷӣǸбµķӣ
㵽ʲôˣ֮ǰͳ˲١

ԴЦøӲãùһԵӣһνϣһø죬һ飡
ŴѪСϿҵ˵
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ı仯һӵЦˡ
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Էû˵ѪĻ
ûб꣡
Цݽϣ𾪳ܵģ˿ƣձǿ˶һ֮£ǰЩڲͬǧСǲֿܵ˵ġ
һ⡣

һӵıȡŵֱӾͺһƨ˵ϣһԼϥһЦøͷĴһ㣬Щ̶̫Цˣûôˣ
һӣ
оԼܵ衣
ȱƭء
һҪǰŮʬΣ

Ҫ͸϶ˣĥ
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ãЩͷΣ
ǲЩܣ
ĵʵ
һԱУ˵
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һͷ㷢ܾıġ
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˵⻰ʱֱϻһƤⷭѪ㿴㣬û˸˵ɫͷһѵǲӡ֤仰ҰͷˣҪĴԿգڶ㣬ʶֻܸһͷһһҪעŶ
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ӷ𣬡
ûذ׵ֻ֣һʩ̫أҪҸ
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ذŶԷͷƤʼͷͷβôںڵͷ˶ٵĺڰϢγɵİͷˣ⡣
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ΪʲôΪʲô
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Ȼһ
ŵһɫˣţ˿ڵѪŹ֣
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Ӵô֣
СѾʼˣ
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ͷ
һһ뵽ԼԴͲˡ
ȻòƯҲúܡ
ڲ˵ֻôѵ֪ץסЩôңͲºЩ𣿡

һһ
ûǴ
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ǿ
ǿԴ˻ġǴ仰棬ţĿƿ˼ǲ¿ˮҲԶԶġ
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˵ߵֶǸָġ
һεεΡһӵĶʱ˸ı䡣
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ĸѾͷڼǡ
һ˵
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͸
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һӿ˵Ŀ㣬ֻƯŮӲǣЩƯĹӦǵģԸĶģıһҲ

ԷҲûƤر񰡣ô˵޳ܡ
Ȼ
ﴹüšΡһһ˹ӭһİƣ˴ģһȥԷݶţҰȫõ

ĸѾͷͬʱ˵һ²ģ
ΪһӣҲΪﲢûڸǣԣ֪ոձˣʲô
Ҳ㣬Ķˣ
˵꣬һȺ˿ʼݡ
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Ҫ
һӴʱĺˣ˵ʮ־֣ĶħûǰŮ˺ݶ
ɲ㣡
䣬ֱӾ֦˶Է۾
ıҲûãƤˣ
~
ҽ𣬾һȺ
æϹһȺˣŶŵԼϵˣһºúõģϣǲҾ徣
رڿ˫ѪܵʱЩ˶һ
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Ŀԡ
ײеϱԺҪСһ㡣
ٽȫûᡣ
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ҪǺͨĹһģһôģ

ΪһϸףͥǺĵάңάŮǶѾͷѾûʲôˣɿôײеһĻ̲סҧгݣһ

ͷԼ׵¶õЦݣôѪצӴк
Щ˶һսÿ°

ͥˣ棬ԼҶӡ

Ϊָʹº׵ƽƽǣǵӵģʱܲܺ׵Ÿɰɣǣ󲽵ǰͣǰãվ
Ŷ
վ
üצӡ
ó־׼ʱ򣬱һˣˣ


аɡ
ٽ֣ϸϸؽָһһɾúܿģ
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Ѿ˽Ǽ¼Ķ߿Ժһ߹ȥĳ嶯أ
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֪ҲͰˣ֪ˣͲǻš
ԣ磬ˣҪŻҪĵظˣһѾˣҵź滨÷ѩЦݲõ˵λһӣĹȻ͸Ǯ󣬾ڹˢһͰɣ
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˵ܡ
ԣҲ֪ӣҪǲʲô϶裬ʱӲʰ
ҲΪ
ĸס
ӦûԽԽͰɣ屣úܲӦòôױġ
лл
ס֣תͷƽôţ磬Ӧ֪ҵģûаյҲ˵룬ǼԹβᣬԺҲᡣ
֪ʲô


160 
, ۣİȫ
ãܽ, ֲֵġ
Ц֪ҳ, Ҳֱ, ֪Ҳ, ֪, ̲ң

Լû취˵ǰ, ָָԶɫͥ, ͬģ
ն࣡
ʼ, Ƿ˵ĸ֡
϶ᰤģ
, һ˰бģ
˵Ҫ϶ԷĿ⣬̾͵ͷ
֪ǼҵĹŮѾƽȥɢˣµĳ˽ͥɣ, ¾Ȼȥæɡ
վԼ׵֡
ͥɿ
ܽʲô

ͥɿڽԼҶӡ
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⻰ͥףҲò, ϾΧĽ, Щӵ, Ƿĵ, Ů, Ǿһٸģ뿪ǰֱӿڣѾͷһؼң
ٽЦ
Ȼϵ

ǰץ׵ӣ˼ҽ鲻ãҪȥҵũׯɢɢġ
ͥɣ
ŮĻһֶţ˫ֱѾͷٸһᣬú˵˵㵽Ҫʲô
ɴ۾ŬرԼ޹
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ɲԩң
ͥɵͷУҲԩ㣬ȥ飬ҽʲôɣרŶ㡣
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𺰿ںŵĴϸĴ˵ǳСЦݵͥɻǽַıϣȵһµʱֱһ䣬Уֲ磬׵һûأ̸һȥ

û
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Ȼ
һ̡
˶ͷɥͻȻ𣬽ִ治ؿ׵Ĳӡ


κӶԷ̫죬ҪֹѾˡ
ͥɲԾûüӦӾһۣǰһڣ쵽֮ǰǣβѾͷͲ
ﶯʮؽסص׵
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Ȼûж˵һٻ׵Тж찡
ԼҶҪʲô
ǰһƳŶԷĺ˹ȥ
ٽ룬ûֹȻδ򣬿ҲôЩǷᡣ

ٺֱЦ
ұ㺦ˣ
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162 
ϲһ֡
ۣ
Ĳ, ˵ƿ֮Уʵ
ǽһѸ, ̲˺²ѡ
Ҫʲô
еİӶ, ô̲дڵ?
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Ϊǵĺһ룬Ҫ֪з¼Բμӿƾ٣ѵĻ

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ȻǾԲǺµһŮ׳ʲô
һáһ˵Ůӡ
һöʵ۳ĲѵĹһ󽫾һŮһŵĹټС㣬ټϾգŮ˵붼̣ΪӣҪǴصŮǻġ
ԡ
һҪȥġ
ܿǾ뵽һļƻ
ڼŶǰǣǴͬдţһׯ໥ȷû¶ŵЦݣжȻ֣룡
ϰã˲žÿԣƵ߽

һѾ챻ɵһ˵ûһ˿ѹˣһŮ˸Ūˣá
ھ
ţǵȵǳζ˻ţǿ˳һˡ
ϵݵס
ƾǴ顣
Ϊ͢µӣسǵĹٱˣ̬ȷǳá
ţ
ң
÷΢Ц
ȫ֪Ǿôĵùպ׼ǰµĶѾ˵֣ʶɨһۡ

ˣ
й
÷оĿ⣬ԼƤңûнǾ˺ЩĿ⣬ǵԼǸסüԼ˵Ķ¶Цݣ΢΢صͷ
Ѿ

ţ
С
һ̣ʵ¶ߵЦݣҲǺӣֽҴСʱģ΢΢ȣ񡣡
滨ѩЦ÷ĬĬȻͨŵģǲܾġ
С㣡
÷ٴ
֮䣬˵ﴫ꣬ǽһࡣ
λӿοţ֪аסкüլţһ뿼ܽλӲȥﰲáѾŷ۵س嶯˵秵Ļ
سϳѾ˭Ĺٱ
׼ͱԷֹסˡ
ȻԥûһӦ
ǲɵӣ
Ҳܸһİߵġ
˵
ǵأ
ǵأ
ǵأ
˵ͨҲôһȫʶĹ
߰ɣټһƤģͲ±ˣ
ڵĶѾ
ǲܵġ
سǵʿһŮкгı໥һۣû˵µѾжֵë
һʿ죬ǲлһأ
ҪϹ𣿡
ʲô
һʱеʿˡ
ѽ
˵ʲô
ѾʲôǶ֪ģټλҲԸġ
ˡ
ˡ
˶ѾǣǺǻҲֲ鷢ʱ˵ɣôţ˻ǽסַñʼ
һߡ
ʶ仨¼Σﻹй¶һ˿𾪡
ΪˣǾ޶ϲͶһӣȥĵطҲΪѾȥĵطûһķɾԼͬǶǣȫȲġ
·ʱʱͶĿ⣬ǲ⡣
Ͼ˭ǳúÿߵﶼĴڣϰˡ
ⲻ֪
Щ˿ǸΪڶѾߡ
ȵ뿪
ЩֱӾֿˡ
һŮУ
ҪǷڱĹϣЩϰվòôף˭жѾѾߣǱĴڣԣȻҪһЩ
޸ǳ
һλԲĴĽÿˮ
ɲǣˣƹӣǺεȵĲٿչӣҲǳĿ㣬˵ѾķƯ˼һͻݣ
ôһ˵ŮǶһߵͷһĽ͵͵زӡ
̫Ҹˡ
ǶʲôٿѾ˵ǲ׼ˣǰ̫ˣҸЩѣգ
һ۵Ĵ°ͣһطš
˷׷׵ͷе
ԵŮ㣬ЩǾԻظŵɷڶѾϣһȺ־ú˶檣Ѿôˡ
ǣ
Ѿȫ֪ӵӵѾúң΢ЦĴ߽пլӡ
ûס
˲ٻң
ͲȷʵѾ˵ģţɣ
߽ãŲ輸ϵĻңѾ־ɨһ£ҳ˲ͷ
ȿȿȣ
ؿѾ΢ЦŵǸ˼λӣԺƬ̣ȥ˴ɨһ
һ˫۾ȫûп仨ϲЦݡ
仨˵
ڵֿݣ̼
ǰĹȻͨһ㣬һ˵լǰСѾ߽
Ӧеصز飬Ժﱻ׷ĴӴܣϵ·ԽԽ٣ͬΪһӡڰ൱һ£ʱ˿ҲһģһðĹâ
ÿƤҷЦݣ˵ĽŲʰΧ״Ѿٺٺ٣Сߣһְ
ѾȭͷӲˣȴţå˵ĻôһͲĶ
Դһģѽô֣
ϲ֪СѾͷ¶ֵı顣
һ֪ˣ
˵ſøˡ
Ȼ
ûĿСѾͷɫף¶µ飬İϵˣ˵ǻˣ
֪ˣ
Ҫ
ܰܿ㣡

˿̵ֻܣȻ󣬽һ˾ϵˡ
󲿷ʱϲķʽԷŮӣǰǶԷƯͨģǾͱôֱ㣬˼
Ȼһ̣ͷ˸ı䡣

ѾЦʮִöûеȥɣ˭
˾쵽Ծʶ˹Ȼͱˡ
뵽ոɨҵĶ
ҩ
÷˵
ƭˡ
Ѳͬˣϵģ
Ѿ
ӰóذףǰҸһλͷǼһãСһӡ֪λʶ
Ѿɣµð˲Ǻˡ
뵽ͬˡ
Щ²⣬ǲǣвްգ˲̽
˵ɫӲá
㲻ɣ
÷ʵ
ĻһҪǰĹ
˵ǡһӡ뷨һģһ
ǣѾЦøӲãǲ²£ô֪÷滨ѩģλ̫ˣǲΪǵļƻ޷죬ѵ֪ˮԺѧ˵ʶ˳ɰǧʮеģǡɣҾʶ˵˵Ǵ
ƶƻˣ̫ˡ
Ȼ
˶һֱۣʹþ
㿴ҵ۾
ȻѾûһ㣬ҪôǵͷҪѿǵ°ͣǲԷ۾ٲ²£Ϊʲôһӵ۾Ϲˣ
ǼС̫߹ˣ
ѾЩû˼ˣȷɻﻹֱӷǰذ׻죬ûҩĻǾܹùȥȻڵֻؿŴźذ״ǵǰ䣬ֹػû˵ڣʹ
ʹڵϴ
ڣܰܿ㣬һ

÷滨ѩ
ʱ˿ֻеĽ˵һҪбȶҪ͵Ķ
Ǻˡ
µһҲûǵҪ
ҿԸ˭ˣѾߣһӣһѾ߶ԸˣȻҪǼС㣬ǵ죡
ʲô
һѾߣ
ѾֱӷǵĹ߳Ժӣӻͳźŵ崺ڿըǺ
֪ϢĽ
ô׾پͽˡ
̣ѾֿѾȥѪˣǶ֪˵ǶѾʵǿأá
֮
˾Ժܲ˾;Բ
ͥɣ
һЩһֱĶѾͷİȫദʲôԷĶ񶾼ƻ


أ
ðˮԺ
ͻȻã͢ôʦڵضԸǲ̫ˣӣֱ䣬ԼҶʰҪ̫ף
Ѿ׼þ͵仨ŵ
죬ٿأ
¶õЦݣͦõģȥһúúõؿѾѾͷʵ̫ʡˡ
Ǽ޵Ҫ׼кܶࡣ
ЩӰ顣
Ǽϴοͷ¼֮󣬶ѾٴγΪ˴˵Ů֮ͽ汻ǲкĹǱ˳
ڡŮӡǲʵһ㶼Ҫ
ǽĸ˾ͺá
ڼֲû˵ã˵Ŀⶼϡ
ǰһϣһóŮ첻ͬμӣµͷǻϣܹóɼģֲܸѹ̫̫˵ѾͷҪѹ㿼úûҪڣǿҲû˸˵ʲôģ

⿼ǰ˼빤ãбһ£磬֮ǰμԵʱǼĸҲô˵𣿡
ͷǰ
аɣ
ֵͥɣɣ
ӣ
룬óƽˮƽ϶ûġ

ȵ˶˵òԺһĪǿʲôֲμӿԡ
ѵߥμӿƿģ̫̫û˵
ָԼıӣһԩı飬ߥ޵ģʲôʱߥ޵ģ
㣡
˵
ͷԼҵѾߣѾͬͷû㣡
ø𣡡
ͥɿ˵Ҳ˵⻰ģѾͷ֮ǿǰδģǱԼҲģѾͷԺ
Ҫ쳯ãûһżǿǲԵģԣöѾͷӰӰѾͷ
У
ЦһȻãȥ½Ԫͱؼˣ
ˣ

˫۾ؿҶ㣬Ұǰû뵽㾹ȻôҪġ
ûйʲôı飬ؿżСⲻȻãҸ˵ǵ׵ǽԪǵĴǽԪǲϡȥҪȥĻǾҲǽԪΪԪŮԪãҪûпԪһǺĴ
תе
ԿͥɵĴͻȻǱָ𣬺ǲģʲôϵ
ȻйϵˣԼ֤ԼܴĴҲ֤㣬ҾͲ˵ˣ϶ҲǸɫŮӣοƾûãǿ϶Ϊ㲻㺢ӵӣԣĴ˭Ĵ
Ȼס
˳ίĴˣ˾Ȼôһ
үһеǽһᣬܹ


163 
ۿǰĹɹ, ʱ˾ɢˣص㡣
ڶ죬컹ûˡ
ŹǷ߳ҰԺ, õʱ, ɴ۾һ˶, Ȼһ, һҪҪôƴ
ʱ˵Ļ˶˵Ļȫһ
̫̫, ú, úÿ
Ҳһ̬ǽһᣬܰг
һμԵʱҲ𣿡
˲š
ĻûвμӣǰμнԪʱԼԺӵ, ȫ֪, ʡ
ҡͷ
ôܡ
һԶѡ
ʮþȵ顣
أΪʲôҪʣǾñȲ𣿡
ͷŸֻ̧־ϵһ, ǳ֣ã
ţ
˼ˡ
һ˵ֵܿ
ߵǰ, ΢Цӷ·һһã̧һļϣС׻, ͣ
, ȥĶԲԣ
С׻ڴؿ
һȥ˯, װ, Ѿˣ
ȻĻû˵̫̫꣬ͿڣѾͷģ϶ȥģˣʱȥ㣡
ι
ΪĸͿġ
ؿĸ
ԷЦô
Ȼ˶̫̫һģҲš
ɣ
Σͣҽӣǿ˰ɣ
лл㣡
ˣ
Ȼ˯ɣһЩ飬ֱļΪӰ͵͵ţǿһˮƽϣ㰡̤ҵԺСͿԻ͵;ģҶģԣҾúܴõġ
һɬ˵л佱
Ҳ𽾰ҪסС׻ᶼһ㿴֮ˣһǲǶĵòУţ㿼ãѹ
ˣͷ
ˣ
ܾĻǲ
ܾƭ԰ɣЦе˵Һһ㶼ģҲţԼãڴ˷ܶԲԣ
Цøӵס
˶ܱƭ˵˵˭ܲƭ
ˣ
ϻ֪Աͬƣ㻹дﵽ׵ʹĸ߶ʱںһμӿƿ
ǣǾ󲿷Ŀ϶ǣУһС㣬ΪдʫͿԿƾ𣿡Ǿⷽɵѹ㣬ʱֵԽС׻Խ޺ʱŰʱԽܴǵ׵֡
⻰˫ģһ˫ץ䣬ʾٶ˵㡣
ѧˡ
ѧˡ
һǳ棬Ҫдʫ
ȻǴʱǳˬҲ¶һ˿˿ĵ⣬ҪЩñѧӣֻǽҶѣҲ¸պ÷ٵθڣпΪǵһμӿƿŮԣٸֵͬȵȡ
˵ͣһ£֮Ҫ֪ʵôҪöԷ㵱С׻ƴŬԼ㲻׵״̣Ϊһδ׼󣬲Ҫκγɱ˵ûάԼɣûв´ĻЩ˵ֵԲԣ
ˣ
̵ʲô
Ȼ
ǻ棬ҲȷʵǷǳõġ

ȻǶ˽
Ļ
ʲôĻЦޣգ޹Ĵ۾Լ飬ڿһеǻô룬ֲܿƵ顣
аο飬ĵòã
ֻڽԼѡ
У
۾һУţѾұӻµС㣬ϸָˣƷ£û£Ҳ˲ڵ£ֿڲˣҵãҪţ˽ĺزסˣѹͲ÷ϣΪע߲Զ
ͷ
ǰɣҲҪ˺ܶģʰʱ򣬾ͿԽͱҲ׵״ѹ
ͥɸӣ
ǿá
һ㣬ǾƤһҪ񣬿Աǰߵͨ죬ΣٱΪѵĳ棬ֻҪáҲΣҲܡˣ㣬ϵ黹𣿲¸㣬Ҳ·ȥһȦһڡ
죡
ͥȥˡ
ʲôҫġ
аɣ
￴ãֻǱֻҪҶ治ɫǲǾʲôˣ
ţ
صͷ㣬֪ˣ
ûۿ
ʵϰͥɴʱԺԼѾͷ׻ʲôģ
װãҪסԶվǳھҲܰԣ󵨵ȥ׷ɣһҪЩԴĳ˿ΪŮԵһҲǲն̣ҵ㽫Щһزڽ£Žһ˵һ죡
˵ֱӸԷѪ
㣬һʧġ
ߣ
˵꣬߳á
ˣ
Ҫǻȥ˯
߳ңͿ㣬վԶ޵ǾԲ뵱ݵġ
ؿĿƾٶžӶǺ顣
ȻݹעĻ
ĳ֣ûס¶˸ֵı顣
ˮԺѧӷ߶ʾõǣŵͬʱֽС׻չ¶쾡¡
վԶŶ׼ߵ˵Բԣ
ԣ
ͷ
һȺӵˡ
ţ
ͷ㣬Ŀһֱ׷ϵĽԺ˿ΣǸоĿ⣬ͷҲûصһ䣬㣬ʲô£
еöôȻ
Ϥ˻ΪΣʵǵһ
ƺѡ
ﲢ⣬룬һ䣬һԣ
⻰Ȼǿģöлȫ
õл
룬һ䣬ľ𣿡
ţ
صͷô飬ʲ˵㣬ڱ˵͢ȱˣõѡ𣿡
ｫԴתЦݺͺͬΪˮԺѧ˵ôԶܸоλİĽȷΪҼ𣿡
ĿβҪȻҽ£Ҿһã
⻰˵ᣬ˭Ҳỳĵ
аɣ
룬˵ôĵķϣһŬҼ޳ͷϵġ
˵⻰ҲΪȷʵͦ㲻˵˼Ҳڲͬ
һԲֻ˵˵ѡ
ͱڣԵ˵ЦΣУȴûҪֹʲô
лл㣡
һա
˲һֱ
Ǳĳ徢Ӱ죬Ҳʼæµûʵۿ㽫ͼݽ˵ҪûʵٽһĻѧԺרŽ̵Ĳмӡ
ᵽмûмõġ
ʵۿļƻû˵׼ΪڵĴѾеĺã⸻ԣܰЩӵ벻ʲôɾܾ
ڳһ˵
Ҫظŵ
ҪͳĲмӣҪŽԺҪֵȵȣûһվ߿ġ
Ȼ
ҪҲ٣ʵ۸ʷǴŵ˼Ǿд˷ǳ˵£վ̨ϸݽʱ˵
İһ޵ϡﻩԼҲжúۿǲмĺӣǴĺӣǱµĺӣеȨǶУ
ͨˣ˵ֻǺɲмĺӣЩϢʱһֱӾ͹ڵϿͷ
ʱһζ
ȻӦҪȥС׻϶ʧԣſʱĴŴ磬ţĻȥ˵ģ߰ɣ
ʱڿѾԾĸл㣬Ĳʮֵĸɾ
š
ҲǶЧֻҸӴڵľãڿϸռϢóԳԣ˯˯ͷǲûϴ裬ܸоһζ
Ѳʾһʱʱ
ȥһ˲ϸϸݣȷԼûС䣬΢Цصȴš
ǡ
ȵȷų˻ṳ̂εʹвûж⣬еǾصһλ
·ûܵκεӰ졣
ݹ̬ǧ
һȥ˵ĳУ·ȽȥǸˡ
Ȼӣܶ˶͹϶òô

˼˼ææǰѯʲͬǵȵߵǸǰûô˺Ų߹ȥһɫٺϻ˹ȥ
лл
ŻЦøģ˱Ȼ˵ľڡ
߰ɣȥ
һ·û˵飬Ҳûʣƽ̸žǷ顣
־ڹٳԣԼ˲мԺԺ¶ЦݣЦݣͶžϵΣͺΪǵһμº޺·ɢʥ⣬ƽͣʮҪ徻üĽë£ϲͺദ
˫۾İⶼҪˡ
ǰ⸱ģǽëһ죬һЦͻðľԼ׵ӡ
ϲͺã
ϲΪԣﶼ
ڶ㣿
˭
ǵˡ
󣬶˵㣬ȥæİɣҾͿˡ
￴ת뿪
У
˵˭ûƵġ
Ͼͼ˺òã
ҵС׻ʲô
Խ׵ʱĿ
æµùܡ
ֻٽȥԺļҡ
լӲСס˲ࡣ
ϿգĸѾͷԼǵļ⣬ﲢˣõϿյһŵĹ
ֵһˣڻʵ׷ĴһԴ˲û顣
ҲǸ翴ŵ
ΪǵļңǿƼ뱾ϡ
ǰĴţҪ͵ĶլӵҶûдκθı䣡
סլûʲôҪٽֻüоԼЩʶ͵ˡ
ٽȥιճɹʱͥɺĻǰؿš
ѾƤķҪסһԺӣԣҾͰԺһ£ʱ򼸸Ѿͷˣ˺Ҳס£
ٽܣ
ԣԺԺﻹ޺
ദķʽٽܾʲôá
ϣͥɺһԺӣԺеĶǶҪС

ô
У
Խٽ˾ԽǳĬԷʱԼĸ͵͵Ĩᣬϲ׼˵һʱ䲻֪˵ʲôãȻ뵽һǳص⣬ҿ׵ĹУҪ޼ޣҪ̫ˣ޲ô죿
ľЩΪ
ܼ޸ԼǶôҸ顣
һμŮˣٲףǵĻЦϴԺǱˣǻ̲סᣬѹأ
㣬õűֵȲ𣿡
˵˴ҵԿ
ı£ۿ˵ͺ죬˵


ôͱѡ
סôм͸լӰɣ
̫̫ʱͶѾͷ˵㣬޲ޣ޲޶Ӱ춼󣡡
һͷ
浱ûƢ
Ǿͺã
һ
һߣ֪ͥɾȻҪԼҶӺͶϱլռһԺӣ̾˵Ҳ׼һţҪͥһģһģԴһ㣬Ըһ㣬ԲСˣ
Ҳұֻ֤ܺ˵˵
ٽһ䡣
ˣľ𣿡ʣߵıͶȥǱ߳ԣ
԰
ٽܵͷ
Ҫ
Ȼû׾Ͱ˳ȥôǮӦзɡ
ȷ
յͷ
Ȼٽܾͻ˷ǳһ˵ǰڵĻѣ㿴һ
շһҳɴ۾
ô󷽣
˵־òԾôǮ
ûаǮԼǮٽЦ˵һգԺкӳԷ
ĬĬؼһ£Ȼ
ͿڣȻˣҾͲˣҰѸ׼׵ȫ㣬ӰٲǮƣԺ󰡣΢ŵôܼң֪𣿡
ٽܣ
ˣ׵ڶҪ𣿡
ٽʼ磬ֻҪǲǹڸ⣬ǿ϶ǻġ
ǲᣡ
ϱ軹Ҫȵġ
Լҷ˺СѯʵʱһƢﲻһס
ٽֱӾҡͷǲܵģʵദֻҪ㲻ʵһǳ˵ˡ
˵ʵ
Ȼһֶš
˺ܱ
˵ԼҶȢϱӦҪǰǰޣںˣȫǱ߰죬ʲô˼

ôʲôӿĲ𣿡
˺㲻ú𣿶ӳףеˡ

в
룬ǲ̫ãͥɺ⼸춼ǳæҪȥæ


164 
˲ͷԼ๫, üͷԽԽžȣ㾹Ȼģ
գ
ͬͷ, ˵߶, ʵɻ󣬡ֻ̫˳Ļ˵
û°ɣ
ĺ뷭ۣĽôǺٺۼı飬ҲŪԼװɵɵ, Ǿֱˣ˼˭Ҷӳ׼, 㿴ϸǸ, Ҫϲµ𣿡
Ŷ
˳Լҷָŵķ򿴹ȥ, ͷʾˣһֱŵģҪǾòϲ죬˲һͿ
ˣ
Լ͹үĽԽԽѾˡ
˭, һգͶǱߡ
Ǻ
Ȣ
ӻû׾Ͱ˳ȥ
ӳ׺סÿұԼҸ

ֵĲѻԼں֮йضӵĽó, Ҳ򸮡
ȻıһԵ˵˳
գ
һ䡣
ˣҲǲ뷨, ׵ջлԺĺӳԷ, ⻨, ý붴Ժͻٽһһ;ƣ˸дԵѣˣȷ߰Ļס𣿡
ܡ
ͻðɡ
ҪҪͷ¶ʲôӡ
ѾǰˣٲϣȢҲ޷ıʵү㾹Ȼû˵˵
˵ʲô
ⲻϹذ
˵̲סһ㡣
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İɣǱ֤˶ĵġ


165 
ÿ˶, һ˵ҪץϰǱҪ²Ҫڼʱ
˵, Ӱͳ, һ˷һˣ
˱Ⱦһصͷ
֮УæĹƾ, Ͼλ³ֵŮԪֻ, ԼʱҪźЩǽύΪΨһŮ, ϲظ, ЩԲ²⡣
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ֻǿŶԷһڴģ, Ҳ̲סһͦ˼ģţô, Ժ϶Ȥ
, ׶˵ҲͷһΡ
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ƹӣʲôóԺ˯ȥȥȥҲûйϵҺҸ˵һܿǾһˣΪġ˵ĶﻰֻҪģ߸˵صɹپͺá
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ΪʲôҪ˵
仰Ӧ˵ٽᶼûᣬǲĲ


166 
ǲǺ
⻰Ժ, ԹԵЦˣ϶˼С׻Ӱ죬ȻҲ˼ϸ
ȻҲͼ, ûٶˡ
ٽܶҲЩ˽, ൱ʵ, Ҳֱ׵ķʽ, һ˵Ļ, Ϊúر𣬱ϸ˿ͨ
벻ȥϿ
˽ԼģΪֹȤľһǾ֪ʶ, ˽ûнӴĶǿҵ֪, , , Ͻ
Ȼ
ٽܸܺȤа취
У
ͷͷٽܣҪʱ䡣
ٽɿҵţ
ȥ϶ѡ
ֿ˵鶼ܲ
￴ǰϦ, ĳŵ, ˡ
ҵ, С׼𣿡
, һɫ·ĸԼˡ
׼ˡ
Ц⣬Сдϲ̲סģʵΪĴ峤ǲûмС㳤ʲôģһֱӵ˶ǴѾ˸߲ϸĵؽôֲֳСʼ˵ֻҪǿŬǹϳԱů
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ڴѾûгǰ뵽ܹڵû˶ԳԼÿ춼Գԣʳǰ׷Ͱ滻
һжΪѾ
ΪеС㡣
ȻѾ˵ⶼ͵˫ִģ˵ĸм
ÿǶͶȥǺܿѾͻỹǸ࣬ĴеĴѿ׼鱾׼·ȵȡ
ܲм
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峤뵱λС㣬ǴĶ˵һлл
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ŷƺõ·Լɷ˵
ȻܺСĹѱȣҪĸɾġ
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˵ܲȥμӣ̾ѾͷеС㣬һͳ˸м
ʱ伸һգ۾͹ȥˡ
ܿ͵һգǰһ˯ͱѡ
ٽ۾ʱ򣬿ĶǷֱ浾޾ŵǰ¶˲õЦݣһ±һЦ
æ
ƼҲæ
һͥɣԼնûϳ
ϵĴ˵С Ͼǿ׵ӣǵıָôѹأ

ǵıҲǲףʱˣҪǿװЦݣʵɲأ´ʱڳϿ޳ҲģԲЦġ
ʵۿС澲ĵİǣʲô鶼û
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ʵ뿪󣬴һ
Ȼµ飬Ҫĵǵ޳ĻҲ֪ôοˣµʱ䣬Ȼһ˰ɡ
Ϊһ紵ݶܴοǳĴ¼Ǿò˥ѪԣȻ˵ĭڷɣټףԺĺӾȻѳһٺõģţǾ͸ϲˡ
û˶ж⡣
˭˲˵һ
Щûµϰմж·׼ȥ֡

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ϲ˵ĲµſڣϤСڴţϲΪݹϹ˿ͣǰһȡһƥ޲һһ
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׼ؼȥ֣ͬϲֵĻ飬Ͽ㣬ͷӻ̣ڽֵСԣ˵һϲĵ̣ǰһһ͡
ĶǶϲ

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ҰԺһֱ򸮴ſڣں˵
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ϷҲЦǺǵ˵ǻʲôϽ߰ɣ
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΢һݾͿʼдˡ
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ǳ̼Ҵĳ̴峤

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ﲻϵز²⣬æµпոǽ
Һլ̫ˣԣ̵·¹滮һ£ߣӻʹǰһȦٴұ߻صլӣһ·вٿֵˣ˿ٽܣ̾۹ţɹٳ濡
褴ĺһ·Ǯ
Ϊʵۣȵ̴ӹŹԺ׼Ȼʰݹ׼ţͽӵ˽һ˵ܲõϢҺƼҶҪ
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ȷˣ϶ǰ̫ˣܣȻΪһ仰ǿװأ̫ˡ


167 
ŮͶһ, ԣͬȼͥϲµ·ӵǰԺӣҲΪ˿ڲ, ڸʱｫòŵԺȫ, ȻпܻڵĴȥ
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ѵүûк˵
ԽװԣԺԽ
үġ
Ȳ裡
תߡ
׼ΪĹˣԵøСèһˣиŮĻǰӣĻ὿εεظ˵ﻰһȺСӣһȫġ

˻Ǽǵġ
ûΪѣȴҲûж˵ͷţ
˲裬˾
Ƽ˶һ
տ˵ǳĺг˶˵Ƿӣȴû֪ѧʶûãĽжǿΪ֪ڶְֺޡ
ǣһȺ˳
µڹ緹
뿪ʱ򻹴˲ٶ
ӷ˱ͶԾкøУֱʱǺ޲ֽݡ
ɩеúܣһ㲻ڼڽţҪͻˣҪû£Ҽ棬ԼңûҲûйϵӰģѾҲܻ棡˵ʵӷҲˣֱӵͷʾġ
լȷʵǷǳ档
ʩֻҪõģС
ΪҹĶץʱٽദԼĵֿڶеģΪǰķӣתעǷˣҵö̹ףвܵģҪ֪ҲԸ㣡
ٽܣ
Ҳ̫ˡ
Ҳܣ
Ҳһ䡣
ԭΪ̰ģ͵͵ĿǾѾͼ¶úԡ
ס
ԭҲֻ˷̫Ĺ
׵ķӶó
ʵõģûεֻֿһ˯ۻûһεϡ
ٽܣ
Ѿǵڶξˣ̲סЦ
ڶٽ
һΣڶҲǶˣнģٸʱ䣬һԵġ
һҪš
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168 
˵, ǰҲÿ춼ܼΪ޵ڶ, ǻǹ, ٿŶѾͷŵĳԷԼٽܵͶιе㷴ɻ˾Ӷࡣ
ţͦõġ
ϷϵЦӶ˼
ȵ緹
һȺҲû뿪, ̫̫Ѿͷֱѯ, ֮ǰ˵Ҫһϲ, ʲô
Ǿϲ˵Ů۰ĶѾͷ, ǾŵĻ, óȥˮ, ϴϸʰһҲ۵ġ
ʲôϲ
һ£һȫ֪ӡ
ڴ̫̫
ˣ
㣬װ, Ҫˡüëһʾͥɡ
, ĸ˶Т˳Ĵ, ˭ҪǲТû, ֱӼҷá

һ, Ѿ, , Ѿ, Ѷó, ĸȥ棡ұ֤ϲ, ָܻ̾ʱഺ
ǲŶ
˶ʾɡ
ĸֵĳ˵ôоܹ֣Ǻôʰ
Ҫ֪֮ǰ϶ǹߣѵ׼ĸɵ
Ҫ֪ǵ뷨һὫˮϣ롣
ţ
̫̫ͷߣ
һʶ̫̫ʲô
һȺ˴ӴߵԺѾѾ׼ãԼС߿̾ʹһɫ֪ʲôƲ輸һĶ
š

ˡʮԡ
֮ǰᣬΪ֪ãҵİ
´δ㳡̲ס
ˣ
ٽܣ
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ó
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һڰЦ
ֶҪˡ
ֻǡ
һ۽綼ͦߵģֻ۾Ѿͷ
ôоڷ谡
ǣ
ôΪʲôǵĽŶڴҪߡ
ãһ𣡡
Ӿúġ
С׻һЦʮòضųߵԱߣͣһ£Ϳʼ
ٽܣ
ĶһͬģΪʲôţ̬ǧȵȼǵһ
壬ȫڹһ֣裡
һ׸
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ͣ֡
ãɣ
ͷ棬㣬
ȴ̫̫װ̣٤ܶ壬Ҳ̬ܵǲżо¶ϾЩҲʱʱ̵̿ߣԲԣ
̫̫
Ĭ
ֻҪ˵ôܹġ
ڶѾͷᵽĹ¶ǲ
ѾǷǳиˡ
ˣֻҪæʱ򶼻ᵽԺһԷпյĶټ٤Ѿˡ
żĹ¶ҲԺԲơ
ĸԼȦӣӦæ㿴㣬ûˣǰˣúõĽжûˣɲУҪһЩѵġ˵ָ䣬Ц˵ҸĴϲҽЩȫ㣬ѧˣǼҽͷôĿյأ̨
̫̫
ɡ
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룬ʱټһȺһµϽǣվм䣬ͻλãŴһ˺ȵˮ˸ȷ磬磬̫̫İԣҿ㱣֤ȵǸʱֵľʱôô죡
̫̫ЩĶ
µʱȻ٣ǸʱʱҲ
ֻǣû̵ͷΪҵֻ̫̫Լĸ˿֣ҪΪöӺûӣ̧ͷôĶҲǲԸġ
ԣͥɡ
Ҳͥɡ
̫̫ѯʵĿⲻһһԼ׵ҪΪ˼ԼֹĸȥѰԼĿ֣öԷ֪ʲô췭ظ
ٽĬĬվһߡ
ҪţΪ๫ǲҪŷֵһ
ͥɣ

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Ѿͷҽĸ㣬ĵĵģ˵ͣһ£㲻κεĵģ˵лҲҪҺӣܴõġ
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Т˳ĶӺʹӣ̫̫ʮָж
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ϲԸֻһЩ
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緹ȻҲҡ
ĸƤʼ춼㣬ЦضԼĸ˵ȻҲֻһ̫̫ǻúƣޣԣ̫̫ѡҶˣҵ̫̫Ҳٽܵĸ
̫̫š
һ硣
ѾôһˣֻǣϻЩĨӣԼԺҲͦõġ
⻰ո£־ͱסңĸڼһһȺȫһ
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ΪŮȻȥȵġ
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ͷе֪ΪʲôôǮˣ

׼극һӣ
ôˣ
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Ȼ󣬾ͿﻶϲصСܽȻλƼϷˣЦǽһ𣬡ĸһĺҪ˵
ƼֲõԤС
Ȼȵ˵󣬹˵ɫúǲá
Լͷ¶棬ҲˣȻҪϷˡ
ܾ˭֪죬ĸһǼ̵ģǲǿŷǳᣬͷҲܺã
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Ǻ׼̫̫һģһӵ̫̫˭˲Ľ̫̫״̬
ʼɲ࣬ĵλãһҼ̣һ͸ĸ㣬㲻̫λõҪԣʮ£ͻ֪ǸλþǱ׶ҲõĴڡиȾ˵
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ģȫ˼˵ϡ
ѾͷллңƼ̫̫Ц˵ǲˣϲ徻
һ
ĸ
ĸüͷһ
ȷҪĸø᣿ȷҪӵĸ壿ȷĸ̫̫һ軻ʱҪһԺţ㶼ȷĻҾͽǸøҵ̫̫ˣҸȽ죡
̫̫ΪŮˣҲǰģʱʮ̫̫ˣʵǵ䲢
Ȼĸؽ
ԣĶˡ
ٽһҲ⡣
Ϊ̫̫Ҳô˵˵ġ
Ϸ˿
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գ
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ȻﻹûзƼСĶӣʮٿһһʧôĸĽҪ𣿡
죡
ǳ⣬ڶ
Ƿᡣ
У˵һ䲻ͬ𣿴ͷβһֶû˵

һٿǴҲҪ˵ҵҪТ˳ģǣôģ
ٿ˵ˣ
Ϸ˵ҲŻ
ĸ
ٿЩί
ٽܿһʧһʱЩŪʧǹӵģԼҵ׵ӦЩͥʱʲô飬ΪʲôűӳԼŮˡ
û
˶Ȧ״̬
ôͱӣ
ӲҪһپͺãĸ׵ѹؼģ׼˵ͬĸ׳ȥģֱˡ
ٽܣ㻹ǵãҽϵ˵˵µʱҲѯҵҵʱôشģ
ٽܶˣ¡
ô죿
¡
˵Ҳû˵ٻ
ͥɵĻ˵һ顣
ٿĹĵؿ׵ƣ࣬˰ɡ
̫̫ţ׼̫̫ôᣬôҸǲΪرТ˳Ķ
գ
µ
ջѡˣΪ봫Ź½ŶϱҥԳ
û˵ȥ˵˵ʲôʮͬ߳ȥ̫̫һģģҸոʲôû˵
Ҳί
Ϸһ룬ǣȻˣ˼Բˡ
ٿվԼĸͬ
ޣԭΪ๫վԼһߵģǣ˶ЭģĸףڶѾĸˣʲôӣ˻Цģ
̫̫ؿŶϱ
Ϊѡ
ٽֵܼ֪˵ʲôˡ
ٿֱ׳˵׵Ͳˣ°򣬶ԼﱻԼιȥ
һƬĬ˾һֺһ˶ʱȻ𣬡֪ˣǲǳԴˣֻĸû㣬ţȷʵҲˣ۽ǵƱ̻࣬ɫҲǺܺãͷ͸˵ˣ̲Զˡ
˺ҲЩš
ʱվӿһסˣпƭŲϵء
˵ӲǺܺãεǿɲУʮϵ˵ҺʶɣһģȷʵǳõģĽţ˵ʱȥԺĻݲݣÿᶼһ裬ȴûιҲûΪоΣ̳ű̵Ľ㣬Ը̶塣
Ƽˣ

С
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ûУ
ᶨ˵˵˵ҾϳҲȥģԣѹû뷨
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ƨĵġ
ôһˬ
ٽüйɲõԤС
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Ǹţϱϲͺãһ㲻֣¿϶ԷĽ顣
ںˣ˰ﻰ˵ˡ
УǴĺòã
ЦݣյĶ
Ϊӳ֮ǰͥǿһѾͷ˵֣һʮþȣ׼ˡ
ĸȥ裬ұ֤һ꣬ϿͺһˣҲʹꡣ
̫̫
Ķˡ
գⶼҶģ
ûֹˡ
ȫţ㴵ţ
Ĳģ
ٽܿ˿ԼߵķˣѡĬ
Ҳͬˡ
ȽģĬĬضԼҷ
Ǹ˵Ǻలοһ£оǴʱڵĻпܽìͷת
ӮΣ
ӴĻڼӣҾԲŶ߹֤һԶϱ˵
עЩ
ˣ䶨ˣ
ãҶģ
ȵȡ
Цſڣأ
ܡ
￴˵
Σ
ߵѾӺüΣǵˣתͷʲô
֣
ˡ
ˡ
ֱƵһȥ
ٽܵĸףȻֵ̫Ҫ󣬡˵ϵĲʮԣӮˣͲٸ裬壬Ҳ˽ĸ̡
⣡
˾ԼӮˡ
ҴӦ
Ƽû˿
ˬ죬ﲻʧԵģڳôļ֤ˣҲͲдֽˡ


169 
ǾԲģ
뿪ʱ, ˻ʮּᶨ˵ôһ仰
֪֪
Ƚ, ̬Ⱦͷܺܶ, Ѿ˵˺ܶˡ
ȻĶԱƼ˸Ӿù䶨ˣ̫̫ĵ, ڻԺ֮ǰ˵ҿѾͷͺõúܣɱЩԸӰ, ס, ҲƼҵˣǰû۸, Ժ󻹱۸, ˵Ȳͥ𣿡
˭۸
, ֪ġ
ղôϻͬصͷ
»һֱʮõ飬·Լ̫, һÿһĽǷǳϲ, ͵͵һƻȱ, ţȭ, һһܽԼ¡
㳡ӹɵġ
ʱ, ̫̫ʹʼŤ, , ŵ˻, ԼС
, Ƿǽһˬ
ֲ
¡
˭̫̫ûм, һ·Ƚ׳
һڵͱ쵽ˡ
̫̫̫ˡ
̫̫̫̫λõҪԣüһһۿȥǾĿĴڡ
ҲòϣȺ̫̫ûдţʱһҲûʲôϸġ
һֻйƺ͵ڵķݡ
ٽ鷿ŬѧϰʱſڸȺ̫̫·ͿüЬӡ
ÿ·ͬɫϵ˶Ь
ʡ
ױ

Դӿʼ㳡Ժ̫̫ѾͿ֬ĨˣΪˮỨǵױݣȻһȺ̫̫ԼԺٻױڶһ󿴿ҿȻ̫̫ᣬɫҲá
ÿ챣ֳ˯ߣõ飬ϵĶ壬Ǽ̫̫ˣҲ̫̫
ûǴѪ
ٽ·Ьóȥļﻻϡ
ٳ
Ӵ
һȺ̫̫о˶һˡ
ôһ죬ţϲúܣֻƽͶһˣ˼ϣﵹǵõˡ
رｫƬǿʱ
ǶЩţ
ˣ
ûôĵЦˡ
Ҳ˵ǵӹþͲãֻǣ䣬ֻǰʱܸʱǴĵ״̬
Щ׶Ѿͷ˵Ļ
ӦԼԼȦԼ֣ǵű
ǻˣ
Ҳ
һĳࡣ
⼸Ҫ˯ˡ
һǽԴ赲Ǽ鶯е
⻹ֻһ档
ΪķһһǱţ۵ġ
ǣܿİվۿˡ
Т˳˶Լĸ
˵ĸˣģҲãԴӿʼ󣬾û
г
̾ͱˡ
ǳ֣Ҷ͵͵ȥЩ̫ÿá

ۣٹ˼ȻҲٲҪ̸
̫̫Ҫμӵġ
Ҳ졣
ֻÿ찦̾ھͷ¡
ҲжڴϺ̫ҽģȻʱ˵䣬ˣӹǾͲˡ
˳Ĩᣬһ仰˵ġ

Χţѯʳˣѯ̫ҽ
ҵ˿
öҪϻһȺҪιȥһ뵽־ҧгݡ
ҪԼ̫̫촩Ŵ·ϣ̣޵ɫڴ֮ͥ裬ֲ̫⣬һȺ̫̫ҪǼҵĳܸоûš
ǣڶ糯ͥɺ͵ȵһȺ˵Ĺ
ʲô˷绯
̫ŵˡ

һȺ˵ǽһĭڷɡ
Ȼ
ǲ֪һ仰Ѿһˡ
Ҹӻû˵պͶȼ̫̫㳡˾վ˳ǰֱӾͺۿڵϿʼߣ˵ĸı仯֮˿ˣ彡ˣŸˣȻֿʼ˵ĸжôĲףôҲû뵽Ƕ仹ҪʱǲǸƴˣҲƽĸ˱裡
̸ͣ
˼̫үȥ˵ģǵĸ׶ʮͬĸ׳ȥ裬Щƾʲôô
ԼТ˳ԼĸãѵҪֹТ˳
ҵûʲôĸĽҪҲûʲôĸˣᣬ̬ģɱ˽ʿϵƸǿˡ
ڵһȺ̾Ͳ˵ˡ
ʵۻûü˵Ⱥ˾ͱˡ
ǸǱǸġ
Ȼ
һصҡ
ּ̫̫Ӳˡ
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̫ҽ˵ĻҲͦصģʱûʲô󰭣ɳģͲ˵ˡ
Ϣôͨ
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ԭ۾һ͸ίˡ
ѾͷܲܰЩϽã
̫̫ÿܿģϣ˺һ
ĸԸﶼʵ֣Ц˵ģ˵ǼĸˣǸôһʶġ
ǡ
»һֱ˯Ȼѵһ죬𴲣һװǿΣźڷ˯۵𴲵Ķɹȫȥ¡
ٽܣ
ӣǳȥɼܰɣ
û
ֱӵͷҪһΪǵ̺ĸ𣡡
˵˵ƻ
ٵؽƻ˵ꡣ
ٽܣ
ֶβбֱӣһ𣡡
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ף
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һȺŹӺӳš
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ǣȵ³ߵĲֹԱ򱻴ΣĹٱˡ
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ǲЩԲٸ
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ԣԣ
̲飺

ˡ
ЩߵĴиֱ̣ȥٽܾͿˣţԲﻹŶԷ˵ĸ˷绯ģԲǣǹ˽̲顣
ȵ̫̫Լʱڵط󣬾Ϳ˱ŵļ
Ѿͷʲô
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̫̫Ƽ̫̫룬Ҳǰ
ڶµġ
ڵϣ֪ǰôһӵİɣ
Щǵͷ
۸ѹˣǸʲô֪ܳ͢ʲô𣿡

Ҳ£
ЦݲãǾͲһˣ㳡齨ģһĵжడ㿴ǣһȺǸ䲻ԵĸˣҵԼĵд𣿻ڳ˵˷绯ǿǣһǶׯ󷽣
⻰һ̫̫Ǿˡ
û
ǶˣһԱû¸𣿷ǵöǣǼǸ
ڣǰľֻѡ񣬡
￪˵ҪôһʼǾ͸һҪôҾͰǳſڣǹǵ·֪ʲô˷绯
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ô
ײǲò
һһ
Լûз֣ȻĲãؾͳУϵѹæµԼƣʧ٣Ҳ̲סЦݡ
ڻʱ
ѾֹͣѾ̫̫ÿ׼̯ӵʱˡ
ײǣ
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ڷװܺ˵Щ̫̫е˻д֣ȥ
ڼ䣬͢Ѿոһ߲ʳȷ˲һӴ·磬ʵ۸Ǻۿ޲ܽ
ʱƺһգ۾͹ȥˡ
ǺĶ죬Լһϰ°ࡣ
һ¼ƻվûɣһֱ
ݲڳԵ⣬һ죬˿ĵöҪѾ׼ԼԵˡ
ϦҹԼҹġ
һȥ˹ңһһ˵˵ЦЦȵɢ׼ȥʱһֱܰ浾ڿڣĸף磬ã֪Ҫʲôˣ
˶
˵ͷ۵Ĵڣô浾˶۵Ĺĵܵá
ô˵һȺĶֻҪɱ˷Ż𣬲鷸ƣʲôǶ֧֡
ͬ뷨
һţĵصš
浾˺ü
ӣûסЦʵ㣬лֱ˵йѵҲҪƾ٣Ҳûġ
浾ҡͷû뿼ƾ٣
ͣһ£ȥмѧԺæ
ŶãȥԼĲмԺЩӣȱݣһЦôãģ;ʵϵ鲢ʲô
ǸʱѾôһͷ
ֻǡ
Ժ÷һδ޵Ĵȥæӣ˿Ҳ˵лġ
Բһֱϵڡ
ȥһ͸ȥرס˺üӵ֡
Ǿȥ
ûбǸЩףԺţҲģ
ˣ
û˵
ͬ
Ǿ仰ΪڵƤѾ޾κεˡ
ʲô
ҡͷôõˣ϶ܻӭȥİǰҼʱ۵׶ɫֲۣ˷ֵ࣬˵ͥɣС飬һ仰ɡ
ǣ
浾һã㲻𣿡
ʲô
Цһʥ࣬㣬ҶԼǷǳĵģǼֻңΪʲôҪ⣬˵Ҫ飬ҲҲ磬ҲʱҲȥҶģҵһֳ˵뷨Լľͺãôʲô㵱ʹǳص𣿡
ɽͥɺܾúĻֵЩƵ
Ȼ浾̬ǰδеᡣ
ȥȥ
ã̫࣬һҾӦöͶѧϰ㿴ǣҺ͵ţǣ˭ܰôһ򸮵˶ææµµģÿ˶ԼҪԼҴˡ
õʹ絣ˡ
浾΢΢һЦ
һӵˣⱲĺܺá
Ȼ
Ͳϲسˣ㣬㲻Ϊ룬
׵㰲ţȥɣ
ˣ
ʲô˼
Ȼأ
ûУȥʲôҵʹ۰϶Ըȥµİɣ
ǿ϶İ
浾ԼҲûȥģͲᣬҴˣȱΪЩӶвмЩԸȥ
ͷ
ƮΣǼôЦݣϾףվĺӽʱģҪ浱ѧ̫ˣȻôˡ
û㣬
￪˵Ҳ˵ܵģرЩмӣǵӵУû׼þ̨ܻﵹæ
ǺܺãѧĻҪѧġ
ЩмĺѾˣһ֪ʶûѧӰѩϼ˪
浾
ȥɣӦ֪Ϊ˲мԺص鼮רѧϰԺŽֵġ
ͷûҲһЩ
ãȥ裬һȥɡ
ͷû⡣
˵㣬ĺţԺʫҲԺ۽Ҫע飬֮һ


170 
, ŲмԺЩӣ̾վ, ھȥ

ˣ
֪
ҲӦи޶Ȱɡ
Ϊ, ŸҪȥѾ, Ժڻʣһĺ, ĺھ󲿷ֶŸĸѹǮ, ĸǣĴˣ, أ˵Ҿ, Ҫȥ档
˵, ̫̫, ĸ֪, ȫһȥ, Ҳĵܵȥ档
ҵ˶ܴ
궼ûлؼҵĺӣҪôûм, ҪôǱ˷˵ġ
Ҳǿúܡ
̫̫ͥɡ
ȥ
ֱ˵һ֡
лл, ˡ
ֻȥԺ浾ĵط, ͥû˵
һӺܿͳ, ֱӱмԺ, ˺ܶΣЩȱ첲, ֻ߲˵, ȵȵС, ǻ̲ס, ֻһ㶼ûбֳ
һ֡
кЩӴſĵЦݱ, ֱӽΧסߴߴ˵Щӷ飬źǷѧģĵģѹġ
ٽܺ˿ţ
ĺܻӭ
ܿǾΪʲôôܻӭˡ
ӥץСһ֪ʮּ򵥣ôһҲ裬ӥʱһ׺ݣץסСͱڻٸ߸ߣĸʱͽֺӥɼܣ
ӣɳȵȣǽСòľһʱ䣬һȺӱıûͣ
ȻҲеĺӶϲ֡
аһ߿ŵĺӣԺЦһŵʱҲ¶ЦݣϲãڴΪÿʱ綼ʱ䣬ͻһЩϷ
Ժĺϲ˾
ԺҲȲϡ
쵽ʱʱǾԺ緹ʲôʱܳԷζô˵ҡԼ˫֣Լ֣ʳʳǷֳ飬Ͱֱ飬ңԺԼ鳤ǩ飡
һ˫˫۾ġ
һȺСš
һ飬Ȥ档
ҪԺһ飬ˣͲ
ҲȻİӺͽӶÿġ
Ӻãᡣ

Ƥ׼ˣһ졣
Ա̿ʼ
ر̰ģӣ޲һӰһڶҲ͵ĽһֱͣڵһʲôҪģһƤϾͺ
ٽܣ
ˣ
Ǵ۽硣
Աһ£һߵİӼֱƷ
¿ܶΣЩӶ̲סС
ڰһԼֱ֣ͣһ߸ĺǼͣһȥԵ鵷ңҲΪķ裬緹òųϡ
ǸӣͥɵĵŮְĽӣ㳢ó𣿡
ͥɾͿһԱǽӣȻͣŮİϣ˼ֵòҪ̫ԡ

ؽš
ô죿
Ȼǳȥ
ʵζǲģϾƤڶѾ׼ġ
ʱͰ࣬ӶָϷٴ뿪ʱ춼ˡ
صԼңٽһ䣺ϲ𣿡

ԼǸء
￴Լ񣬡һ㳤úСкҲͦġ
ȵ͢ʼռٵʱҲȥС
Ѿܾûѯʻʵ֮ǰЩĽȣ㣬ϸѯһ
߲ʳѾ󲿷ִİܣÿһʳҲѾոһ˵Ҫһ㣬ڴ˵ѾǷǳľϲˣΪͶ˵ͺЩ
㣬Ӱأ
УҪĹؿڣӰѾλֻӣ䣬Ҫʱ䡣
ż
㣺
С
ôһ˵ɣЩɹǳ͢ûûҹæģţյϢֵĹԱСֵ֣ȥ굽ֱӾ˶ʮԻճԣֻǲϵټӱȦѾǴԱĳ̬δ˺ʹһ
ܸоµ鷢
û´
Ѿĵڶƻ
ʵլļƻ󣬴˸ĹǷܲٻܶ࣬ĴҪ㶼нĻԣ±ǳˡ
Ų˵Ҳࡣ
ÿ쵫еʱ䶼Ϣ˯̫ҽҩҲ͹һӣշֿʼˡ
õʱ
ʵҲ޷
𡣡
ҡͷҲУ
ʵûһΣʶ
ڱɽ䶼УŽӰҪ췴ʵ۷ַ̨
Ļʵۡ
ĺһ䣬㵹췴
ʱ˵λöԵÿæͷͺ
˵
㣡
ҲУ
̫ۣ
˵ֻƻġ
ʵˣ۸ƨǲۺòã
͢ĳ鲻ˣ㲻ޣҲҪΪ׵״һ밡ͣһ£ʵؿˣ㲻ǡúܺһΣ
ָû档
㿴ޣѾϳʲôˣ˵Ҳ¶ͷٿͷѾ˿һˡ
ǳ鴤
װӴ
ô
塣
΢ЦŵͷԼͷ治װġ
룬Ц˵ʲôôûУͽⲻµķ񰡡
Ҫʲô
ʲôȱ
ֵʵ۳ˡ
ϸ룬ʲôȱ
ҪôŴӦ
ЦݲõؿŻʵԼԴϵͷĿ߸о쬵ģãſڣǱóĻҲǲԿǵġ
˵֣ʳָĴָڻʵǰ˴ꡣ
ʵ۵ɴ۾ѾôǮˡ
ôôڰ
Ǯô࣬Ǯ
Сӣ
ﳰ˵
ǣǻʵˣһ㶼
ʵ۳ĬԶԡ
㡣
ҪǮûУҪһ
Ҫ￪˵Ҫͷ
̵ĻĿ˵
ʵ۵ɴ۾
𾪹󣬿һͷںïܵĳ̿ˮ㿪ЦİɣҪҵͷʲô
ʲô
ЦһĶ⣬㿴ҪҰæ㲻ܷϣæСɣ
ʵ۵ͷ
ȷʵǡ
һϣأ
ȻֲԸǮ˶ԵҲûȤԣΨһܱķͽ䰮Ķ磬ͷȻãӦ㹻ĳˡ˵仰ﱧϿԲΪ㣬ǿԾܾģʲôԸ⸶ǿ϶ġ

涾
ʵ۵ɴ۾
Ǯࣺ
һȷһ飬ǵҲҪ
۾Цˡ
С㻹ôȤ
ʵ۵ıÿ
ոôŵʱͶһٵش򿪣̧ƶ壬Żʵ۵һš
ʵѹûע⵽
Ǯͷ֮صԥ
ҪǮ
һǮ
·֪ʲôҵ۰𣡡
˲ʵ۾ͲǮˡ
˵򣬾һ᲻á
ǮĽҪá
˽Ҫһλʵ۵ġ
һõʱҪǡ
ͷ
Ҳ᲻á
Ͳʵ۵ġ
飬ܣ
˲
Ҹˣ
ʵۻ˵ֱӱϣˣֻҺƱ˵ķݣĻ˵ٺҲûãǮͷֻѡһ
⹷ʵۻǸûʵۡ
ûɴӡ
ҪĻԺͲȥƻˡ
΢οȻ־ȻûôΪѵģͷôһЩһ룬ͷʧȥҲǳֵãһģһҧͷͷ

ĴָЦˣʵʵ̫Цˡ
š
ͷӹҲܶܿɰ
ͷ
ʵ۵һ£õô
һ㶼
ƫƫڼҲ֪ͷʵܴܲñӣ費Ҫʱʱһ£뵽Ļ棬Цᶼˣʵһڡ
Ѿ
һ߲ᣬһߺ
ĶѾߵߵܹ
ȥ굶ù
ϣ
һСЦӣ֪к飬Ѿشǽһ졣
ʵۣ
˶ĵıˣΪ˴̫ࡣ
ģѾպܺãԲ˵ġ
ʵ۲˵
ڶѾ굶ֵʱ򣬻Ҫһ£˲𣿡
ţ
֮Ľ飬Ͳܵ𣿡
ܣҽķϣѾ˺ܴۿˡ
Ҽסˣ
лҲǵģлĻ֣

˵⻰̲סЦվҲˣЦüڲϵض
Ǯסˡ
Ϊϸ̫ܹܣܰﵽʵۣȴҲʱ侮ʯģԼ̵ú
Ѿɴ۾С㣡
һ굶Żʵ۵ķƣǸ˼
ǵġ
ͷȥɣѾĸ߹ʱֵˣ´һ˵ͷ
ҵŶ
ʵԭΪѾٶе㺦µģϾںŬڰڳϻʵ۵ģȻԷһ˷ܡ
ȥ
Ļ۾
ѾֱӾʹܵ˻ʵ󣬿ٵؽ¡
굶ʱʵ̧֣ȵȣ
Ѿ
߿ʵۣɶ£
һѾӣ޺ۿţסһ̣
У
Ϊŵ
̫Сˡ
һϵ˵Ҫ˰ɣ׻˵巢֮ĸȻͷ˲٣ҶĿ㱻ɹͷӡ
ģ
ʵ۾ϲؿڡ
š
صͷڶƻ͵û˵
ʵۣ
֪ûô򵥡
Բڹؼʱ̾ͶֵˣǸʯĺݶŮˡ
ܿ죬ʵžӡ
һģɣ
Ѿ֧
Ӷͷʼʵ۵㷢ʼ䡣
֮µĻ۽ǻˮ
ѹ
̫ѹˡ
Ҫǲã޺޵ͷŹģ

һЦһߵͷ֪ġ
Ǯɴ۾갡
ôôģôµȥֵġ
Ѿȷʵû˵һһŴøɸɾⷢԴͳ˵ϣԴԲ

ʵ˵꣬˫ŷںӿ޳˹
뵽߾ȫȵͷվǱˣľͺʹ
뵽ջԳдǵĳЦͺѹ
뵽˲ٵԴԼ쬵Ƥĺñ
ʱ˿̣ҪʹһΪʲôҪôࣿ
찡
ΪʲôҪ
ܻ
ʵԽԽġ
ֱſϣ
Ժ˶ȥ
Ѿˣ
ٽܣ
ɶˣ
ôôһĹԴ͹ˡ
ЦͰЦǰⷢԴ͸úЦ룬оǺܵصǿԴϣˣҪţֵõģɵĲȥµĲ

ʵ̧ͷ
̫ϰ߻ʵ۹ͷЦˡ
㻹Цûİ
ûУ
ֱӻش
ǿˣ
лл
ҶôѹˣͲ𣿡
ܣ
ʵۣ
ͺ
Цϵ˵ҪӣҸһ֤³ͷֺܺòã
ģ
ʵĨʡ
ٴεͷģ
˵Ϊʲô
棡
ʵ۾ͺһվͷҪˣסĻãңңҲɹͷŲţ
ǹͷҲÿ
ߣ
˵ϻĻʵһת뿪
һߣѾ˾ʹ˽һԼС˴Ĵָ
˯ǰٽܣͲ棡
ٽҡͷ棬֪֪ʵ۰ҪЮ㽨飿
۾һ
Ȼ񣬾
Ҳ֪

㻹֪ʲô
֪ЩҸ֪ôٽóһ⣬չȥһ߸Լһ߽
һרһĵϷҲǷǳг
ڶ죬ϵڴ󳼣
ô
ͷأ
һɴ۾ʧ̬ؿϸ㻹ܿŵۿ˭۸ǵĻʵ
һȺǻǡ
޵ʱʵ̫̫࣬æˣͷú̫ҽ˵õҽηٳ

⣬Щ󳼶ѷΣԺ뵽ľǣĸӹҽ˵ġ
ˣڹע޵ͷǵ˵¡
ʵۺǿӲתƻ⡣
⡣
дﶼ
³Ժ̫ҽԺ̫ҽΧסˡ
ǵı£֪ࡣ
ҪҪͷʼǣԼǧ˿

û뵽ġ
ϸ֮УȻһͥɣҹŮ
ʵǵڶŪôһ˼ϲأ
˭ҹﲻ㰡
֪³ֱȥʵ۵ͷĺйϵ
ҡͷûϵѾģ
˧ĶѾģ

ˣйϵ
Ϊʲô
棡
ﻹͬ˵
ɣ
￿磬һ»ϹͷģѵЦ𣿡
Ц
˵
ôģôܻȡЦϣúЦҲЦġ


171 
ʵ۶ͷĴ, Ҳ̫˼͵
ǣ岻Ϊһµĳ١
ǰãȫҲɲ, ֪Ҫȥ, ֻǣҪͲҪ˰ɣˣ
У
նҵҪְҵҪɵϣ

аɡ
ǿзȨ˵㡣
Сĵ㣡
ߵʱǶһ䡣
ͷ, ¶õЦ, üͷһ⻰Ҳ͸磬;ĩ·, ҪЩ˹ǽ, ҵصֻܵ𡣡
ţ
Ȼٵɷǳæµ
ÿĸѾߴСҴ, ǵĽ߱ĸ䡣
İ, رǰðԵһȺ, ᷢţðһԴ, أô
ٵһ졣
ڹ֡
һǺ«ĸӣ
ڶ죬ڹ, ץһС͵һ˵Ϸ, һȺһྐྵһྰʱ
֡

ʵۿӰ, Դ, ŵʺš
˵
¶ڲ²Ҫʲô
ֱʮ죬ȥ¥ݣ죬ÿȥ˲Żؼҡ
ʵۣ
Դŭˣ
ͷ
ȻֵΡ
ˣ
զ£
ѲٽѾˣѾͷϧˣ
Ƽˣ
ٽܻ
˵һֱǶŵģ߶ҵ˵ˣţţȢںˣںˣô죿͸ô죿ڶҳżˣҿĶӰָôѿء
գ
Ҫ̸̸ͥ
̸ʲô⻹ʲô̸ģֱ
ճĬһ£˵öԣȥ
ˣ
ң
ˡ
ǵ뷨˲ࡣ
ٽܳٺãСڳôˣţˣûʸˣˡ
ѹЩֵҹ䣡ҹѰµӣ
ҵõ
ԣ¥ҲֻΣݲĿģ
ţͲ𣿡
ţ°ɣǸ˶ܲ˵ģ
ǲˣǷӣʲô
ƹ
ųһգôӢÿٽܣߺ޵һ䣬
ٽʲôǹλ

ͻȻðһ仰˶ͷ
ǰ
ٽܣȻҲû뵽һƬĻʵۣһǾᣬǵıǺòҰ
ϣٽܵķ
ƹֻϣ΢бֱұߵ֧Դ΢΢һЦ˵ң
ڶžĨһͷ̿ˮԴҡ˲˹ģôܣЩ˺˵˵ңµġ
ٽܵЦݸ˼֡
ɴΪ׼˯ۣܽӴ˵ĹϵͻͽطչԺĴϵþû֮ǰôˣǰ¶һƬְмĺʵţˮȻ˾˹ȥһҸʱ̡
һϵĳ磬ڶǽһʮ㣡
¡
ûȷ¡
͢ѾˣȥμӻԵ󲿷ֶˣÿ϶ɵģô죿
ֻܴѰˡ
ЦԼټԼĸѾ߿ᡣ
һʱ󣬡𣿡
Ѿҡͷ
ܣ˭Ҳ˵

ɸѡַˣÿ˶ҪֿӴڴȥƷеȥʵȥʣµٲֻܼѰҡ
Ȼô죿
齨֯رİףԱǱҪϸѹصġ
Žһ̯顣
ֻ˻ʵ۵ͷʵ̫ˡ
ǣ
ĸѾͷʲôûʡ
ϣǴԼӵġ
µڶԼС׼һ£ҪŪʵ۵ĸѾͷҲֻ˵ߣӰæ
˸ԴŶš
ܵľݵ㻻·գ߰ݶ˺ܴĸı䣬ԱһµĶС
Ѿһλݣ޳ɫģȴӵһ˫۾ˣϵĵһĿ꣬Ƕһǿӣϸϣʮ꣬иĸ游ĸ岮ֳͬĵܵܣֵʮ˵滹ֶֶŮһƬ
˶Ψǿ
ҵ
Ըɣɻֲһſڿӣţ죬ǸܴҵԼϹ
һֵֵܽöѾɼңֻһˣû䣡
Ѿϸؿϡ
ȱ¾ǵɵû͡
ŵ㲻١
Ϊ˿ʣ壬Ѻܶ࣬ڽʡ
š
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ѾųĿĵȥ
ǿһ㱻ţЩ˼ӵĻĺ
ȫӰ죬سźԼõĵطȥתǴСײһˣŵڵϵˣæǰѯʣ壬û°ɣ
û£
ѾҡͷȻüˣ鷳ȥ𣿡
ãã
ǿûж룬Ͼǰʵ̫ˣоһ綼ܴƵġ
ȵҽѾŶǿ֣̬ʮϿңΪ˸лİæһҪ緹
ǿ۾ˡ
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ҽܡ
ѾЦ˵Ǵʵ۱µӰ൱ǶĽ
⻰һǿͰˣɵܽǴΪˣǱضˣٴοƱ˶ϵˡ
Ҵ㣬
Ѿջ󣬡Сʹϧûʱʮ꣬ܽڵԺԺ˵׼ǰƽɻڴ
˵Ļ
ǿϵԼ˵š
ѵͲòھôһǰֻҪŬش飬ȻңһϢһǧЩǮı£ܹܿҪ
ǿڲϵת˵ġ
ѾƱһǧš
ã
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ԣѾٴεͷ
ǿֱ˰䣬򶨵߳¥һȾܡ
֪ѾڲԶظš
ǿ̴ú졣
̽ϢǾǲܵġ
ΪˣģߵķεۣҲڲϵؼأһ㶼ûͣ£֪Ĵžǰʱ򣬲¶˲̫ЦһȵסĿ־Ǽ˷ܣߣΪ϶⣬˭֪ǲǵһ߷ģ˱ǮջǾͲˡ
Ȼƾɾ˽¶˲ţóһǧƱ
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㲻𣿡
ʱһμӻԵžƣŶһˡ
Էһûи
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ЧҵĶ
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ٽͻȻϷ񫣬ۿҪȥŪǸ˿ˣܹܲз֮
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Ǽɹĳ棬ٽܺǰܣں׷ͥԭλãһߺȲһ߿ţȵȵĲʱִóһӣСڲע⣬Ǵ˹ȥ
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Ȼ֪˵Ҳûš
뵽ӴĽ棬˾Ӧǰ㣬ǸһüۣǴĽᲢۣޣʺҲ䣡


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ѾŶ룬ԼСı飬ɢĹâ׼ôãҪʼ
룬һ䣬С㣬ģѾ㱸õҩ


173 
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һ𣿡
һߣڵĽֵʮ֣Щ˶ڴĵ˿ݳ֣붼̼úܡ
տӱ޸ϵʱͥѾ·ſڣűӣǰŴ򸮰ִмҷĵӣգ룡
ָԱߵӣһ䡣
һΪͻ飬Ͳơ
̫̫ںš
һ
ֱٽ֣ܳһȺ˱Ǹӣѧ峵ͥɴʱ֪˵ʲô

ֵͬĿ⿴ٽܡ
˷һµģ
װġ
϶װġ
ĸܹ޶ԡ
ţ֣϶װˡ
򣡡
ʵǷǳΣ룬΢Ц˵㿴㣬Ҷ㣬㹻ˡ
˵ǰο˵Ļ
ֻǡ
˶
á
ΪΨһһŮˣҪ˲֡
ͥɵɫʱ͸ȾһǳԼŮ죬˵ͲҪ˵
һյʼ硣
ͬһԼҶ㣬ӦԼܣ
һȺ˵У˵
Ϊһǵ˿ȻҲǱܹע
Ŷ
ٽܣٿ˿
Ǹɫ°
кϷˡ

պͥͬʱ

ЦǺǵһˣڸʲôأ
Ǹ꾫վűӵָ˿ĸˣ
ѽ
ͷ㲻֪Ǹˡ
ղ֪
žһ¾ͳ˹ȥ
ض㿪һ̣ͥɵıӳ˹
û۵һ£׵ʲôлú˵ˣ

պͥɶһۣ洫ͬ˼ʲô˵ȳһ١
ձͲ
ոǸеĸ֡
Ǹ顣
Ѿ˸ԼС죬ң̫ˣԼСΪ
Ҳǹƴġ
ˣ
ǰ˵ͥɾ޴ĹŮۼǵһΣȫΪĺڳ飬ƤѪ֡
ס֣
ʱһˣٽܿˣǽһһĮֻ۾˲ܿóʹ࣬ˣ仰
ˣǶġ
ٽܲһ
ܺߡ
ͥɸоԼΪŮЩˡ
ٺ٣
¶ɵЦ
ôϲٽָ˿
ˣֻǾҪһ֮ضѡ

ٽɫ̾ͰˣҾһ仰ңҺֻѡһѡһ
￴ٽܣõͷΪʲôҪң
̲ȥˣ㣬㣡
˵꣬Ӿͳ˹ȥ
ͥɵϡ
ְˡ
ס֣
һ
Ŷ
Щ۾ˡ
ԭΪ˾Ѿܴ̼ˣû뵽еĸôҲˡ
ԡ
Ҳ
Ͼôϲ
ͥɺպ˵һ䣬عȥʲô顣

ոհһ޵оԼ岻Ծûǵ˵ûпʵһۣôֱֱصˡ
С㣡
ΪСı˼ƻ
ѾȻС㵹µ覴ãǣһӵĶ˹ȥ
Ǹٽܡ
һѾͽ˷ס

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á
˵Щ߳ܵĻˡ
Լ裬̫ҽ̫ҽأȥ̫ҽ
ǽһ춯أõĻΪء
ٽܶûôš
һľȻϣװġ
Աߵͷ
ոջ˵ξΣ˭š
ˣ㻹ûİ׹Ůʵۺǲ
ͥɣ
һ̧ȥȻ˿㣬Ȼˣȥﶼԣǰƣ
ô
ҪΪԼҶסİ֮ˣ˿ʲôϲֲĴ
ѾĵͥɿŮ̫ѨͻͻֱűðŬſ˵ҪΣ
⻰ﶼɱ
ȻǽȥóԺúȵźţȶ
˵ʲô
Ȼ
ͥȴȥˣӳԼŮ˹ȥ뵽Ůһΰվж˼ѵҪеģѾԲٽǺˣԲٶԲˡ
~
Ҳû뵽Լҵ˵ʹ
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ֱӾͱ۾
žһȴʹûиоɻ̧ͷͿԼվţǴϲůЦݣ£
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ۣ
ǲɵӣͷ͵Լ׵ǲǷˣҾˣΪʲôҪ㣿ʲô
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ģ
˷µһˣʱûסðֻɼʱжô⡣
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ٽܿڣŻ˽ֵ״̬
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΢Ц
ͥɴʱҲҪѧװ
ܡ
ҵļ±ôá
ٽΪҵˣͷ˿ȻǸһȺ˽ȥˡ
ڣٽܽϣ»üһ˿Ծֻǣûʲôʵ۾Ϳˣˣװˣ㿴ɵĽʲô飬װξɻȥġ
˵˿㣬֪з֮㹴ʲô
˿
Ǹ˾ͺܺá
ֻñֳĬͺá
Ȼ
һѹļûУ˶Ҫװ赽ס
˶˵ʵֻӲͷƤȥٽܣҪɣڽ˿򷢵ԶԶġ
Ļû˵ڣ˶µ˼
ϣڻٽܵӣ벻ܣޣ
ȫ̲˵
Ϊ֮ˣ˵ʲô
ֻĬĬؿŻʵۺżٽܼһ䣬ݣ롣
͸ӾöԲٽˡ


ڻװΡ
ˡ
ֱ̫ҽߵߵܽȻΧ˶϶װΣͻȻͺЦʲôɻǣȻһ䣬ѵǾûιȥ𣿡

ܣֱͥӿڣżӰǰøأҲûεۣǮˣ
̫ҽ
ûУԩ
ɸ׼ڣȴ˶һ϶˵ģ

ˡ
ѾдˣǾûܻˣһˣʲǰôӲʵε𣿡
ˣ
ٽܿƽ̹ĶӣЩ𾪡
Ȼƺôˡ
ֱѿڶ˭ģ
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ٽֱӽ𣬶ᣬȻҵģУ̫ˡ
Ѿæϣ˳㽫̫ҽߣϣǼСɲ£
Ѿ󣬡
Ҳˡ
ͥɸսţľȥ̫ҽȷû£ĺҲͦõģŻصã;úЦû뵽ԼôĶҲѵʱ
ĸȻؼң
˵˿ҲңҪ͵ƴ˵
ã
̫̫뻹һ䣬εǶѾͷԣú˵ʲôҶܡ
š
ԺһԶѾͷϼӹ̵ܽġ
뿪
ֻʣգͥɣʵԼǮࡣ
ʵۿ˼ԣҪ˵
ߵͷ
Ȼأ
ʵ룬Ҳǣ˵Ļĺӿܶˡ
պͥɲɵӣͻʵ֮ü۹˾֪϶Ҫ˵ʲôܵˡ
Ǯȥţκ˲ܿ
ǣ
Ǯ߳ȥŹϣԼվǰš
ֻ˵Ӧ֪һ֣һ˵Сʱ
ͥɣ

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ܾΡ
Լһѣ۵ġ
գ
˭ţ
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ϣ㲻ΪϹɣ
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ʵʼ磬ֻҪϸ룬ӦܲһЩ˿ġ
պͥɿʼ롣
ǡ
رͥɣѵϣѾͷر


174 
ֻ˭뵽, ¡
׵벻
ܿ뵽ô˾ͲһˣȻ, Ĳһʵ̫ˣ뵽ľķ衣
Ҫǻһ΢һˣǶп͸屾ʡ
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ƴ, Ϊõ֣Ƕı
ͣһ£˲ǴһϵеĴʩиָ, ˭뵽
ܡ
ǰѾȷظ, , εĸо
ǡ
ôܡ
Ƿһ, ô齨
Ľ˭ܰϵһ
˶һۣһ, ԣǻҪϷ
ʵۺͷû
տŻʵۣԣһ㶼ϲ
ϲʵֱӳ, еϲ, ϲ, ϲı仯
λ˶ˡ
, Ҷв
ʵۿ, ص
ͺͺ, ٺٵЦţⶼǶǰˣİ㵱ٽвҲǰˣӦҲ˺ġ
ǻɵؿʵۣ
ܾ⻰ǲš
һ̣ͥʳһ⣬ϣҾͺܺ棬Ϊʲôĺ綼֪ôı£ô֪ģ
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ߵЦһӾͽסˡ
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˵
ܣ
˵ġ
ôţʵۼװɵ˵ֱֱŲţ
Ųţ
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ʵŭˣˣǻʵۻǻʵ۰ûˣ޾Ͳش⣬ǻ˿޵𣿡
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ðɡ
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ǲ
ѹ˵Ļһ
ϲɫһ˾Цˡ

ۣ
Щһ
ֻǣվǸ˵̫ˡ
Ϊ̫ҽ˵˯һٵڶҲˡ

һֱڶڴϡ
ôһ
ķٽܺʹѾţ̫̫ҲԱţͥԼﴷ˺üȭ˵׹Ůôصʲô飬Ķӹܽ̾ˣҪи̣ڶûá
ͥɫҲܲá
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ӣҲǶ֮һ
ŴŵڴߵĶӣҲЩܵģҪѹԺҲˡ
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̫ҽԺ̫ҽֻڰóĺ̫ҽһĽֻۣ˯ˡ
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Ҫ
ô԰·ӡ
һΣ̫ҽû˵ˣΪҲ֪
һȺ˵ĵʱ˿̺Σֺһ㣬ƮڰУеִĶС
¥С
ƽ̹·ҲС
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·һڻҵɫǴ죬·ȴûʲôȺϡϡģָļһģһһľдžߵľͷһ㡣
ǲֱɻɹӦ÷СȷʵһҲûֻǿſŵķɻϣžȣһһϵĲ֪˵ʲô
ĩ
ͷԼƮŵ塣
Ҫȥ
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СΧǽᰴ
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ȻǸ񾭲
Ǹǳľ񲡣ڵ֪ԼҪƲסԼʱֱӽԼŪΣ˽ĴԽԼĳԱݣĶһϵͳ
ԣǸ綼Ǽٵ
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ٴ۾
ܰ
Ѿſڴ߱ϣ˯ú졣
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Ǹоעӡ
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֣˵һ֣ˣ
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С㣡
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ţ
ͷ˵ϼ˵ĻӴĽ
ţ
ѾһƵ˳ȥ
ܿ죬͵֪ԼѾ˯죬ѹô

ԱԺ˾ӣЦſһˣŻ˰ɣһ֪ҵҪԣ֪벻˰ɣԺ󻹸ҲҴң
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֪ˮ©ôԲ˲ǰ
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һݵӴҾֱ˵ɡ
˵꣬վʮ˵ϸֻˣ⣬˳㣬屶Ժ󲻻ڷˣòȥæĸϽȥæΧңҲҺ๫磡
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֮ǰǵȵ̫ҽϸѯ̫ҽõǳ뿪
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ͥɴˡ
Ϊһ͵ײǽˡ
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ȵȵġ
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ͻˡ
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Ǻǡ
ʵǵǧҵɡ
ˡ
ãƽϡ
Цˡ
ʵۣ
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һ̣ߵʵ۸ǰţļ򣬡£ҪͣǧҪҵĺȣ˲һҪŹ𣿡

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˵꣬ȵԽͿԽߣʹƹ㣬֮ڣôĺӶܶ飬չݣͼݣҽݣݶУ
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ʵѾɻգۻӡ
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ٲģҲֻܷ
ȵΪ״Ԫʱͥɺֱ⵽ͬŵĹܸܲ·
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š
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˵⻰ʵ۾ͷ顣
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뿪ʱõ˶ڶһϸ̲ġ
Ѿûʲô˵ҲţҪעŸصҪѵµĽ
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̣
Եûģ˹
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ѧ£
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㣡
㣡
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İǽһ˰
Լûϣⶼ˵ð
˵ֻҪ˱УǰɵĻͻȱˣǲл


175 
еֱ˽Ŀš
ʱʲô鶼ø, ѵȫѾˣʱʱŶӸ̾˸ùӡ
˯, ˯˿, ׷׷ϵͳĵӾ, ϰʱ伸գ۾͹ȥˡ
ϺԼᣬǣ

ĶӸ̾õ
̥̣

òš
ԼޣֻҪ, , Ư
Ȼ
Ҳʲôġ
û¾ͶԼĶӽЦ, ˳ԼҲЦá¸¡ġ
Ļ˵ЦͲ
ͶǮ, յĵ, һȨĳļͥ, ⺢ӱͲ, ټ϶ЦЦ, , ϶Ǹ˰ĺӡ
С
æ
ΪոƷСԱֵ»ǹ˲˵ģεĵһȥ˵, ԼĹŮ͵ѧУȥ顣
СС׻˵
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Ƕôѿеļ, Ϊ˸ĸжôŮ, ն֮еͷ
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Լ, źü¶̫ҽıɤӵҩ
һ˫ǰ˫۴ʱ, Ҳˡ
ﰮĽԽԽࡣ
ǰˮԺʮԼļСѾʮˡ
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ˡ
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ģ
ܲĴɡ
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ӴڵĸпʼĽ
ǣİڼ˵ԼЩ˿еĲ
ÿеͬķҲı䣬һĶɾһζûС
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Щ˳Ĭˡ
ͷõӣ

ûνļײã
ô˵أ
ܸӡ
ţֱ˯ڲﲻ̫ãҪȼˣסµʱ򣬽Էøˣס

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ŹĻ֣
ǵٶȸ졣
ϾֻҪµֵ̣꣬͢Ǳϰ壬˭Ϊѡ
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ڹ˻ڳиĽʱǵĵѾϣҲ˸䡣
Ȼֻϵġ
ҲæµҲҪԼϴѡԱΪһǲȡһģһģʽ˸֮⣬û֪ʵݣǳǿ֪ͬ˿֮⣬󲿷ֶǺһݣֵϰ塣
ڴ糱ġ
йҲеİᵽյĿ֡
ʷŽ
صԺѽʶ֡
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Խǿ쵽ʱ˺Ƽ˾Խǲģ̫̫Ͷ˼춼ܣڹˣûֻأɫ࣬ҲԸˣͱӷˡ
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¶ʮһ죬Ҳθ
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磡
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ԣ죬һط䣬Ҫˣ
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ٽܣĶӣôССһֻĺӣô˵أ
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˸ĹУһ̣ᷳƣʧӰ٣ϵΣǽӸĵعһӡ
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аɡ
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Сʱ򻹺ãȵˣģ
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ŸٽֱͶˣֵ鲻ˣ
Сȡɡ
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ΪаӣһҲí˾
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176 
ǰ, Ⱥ˾ԻֱţȻʼ硣
⹫ڳãôƻֱ, ϧѾ˳, ֮ǰԤͬʵ
Ϊʲôû˷ԣ
Ϊæ
ԭΪϢ, ˭뵽һѵ
Ȩ?
Ǻǣ
ȫòš
һֻȨʵ̫ˣǵСⲻסҲҪ, ҲҪ, ƫƫǶĵ, ٱԹ¸ʵ̫࣬ҲҧŬá
ȥڰɡ
Ȼ, һһĻԻڴѾ赲, ž󲿷˺ͥɵĹϵǳ, ˵ǻѾ˵, ΢еӵҲʱ
ǲ°
ǾûбҪˡ
ΪǺ, , ҲֲԼӡ
οء
ǣô˶ƷԱӴҪÿϳ, Ҫĳ͢Ա
ٸ, ǰ, ʱ˿̵˿
̫̫ۿ, ð, Ѿͷ, 
˴Ĵָ
˵ڶЩ, ĹŮ
ǣ
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ͥ¶һ΢ЦԼѾͷ˵һ䣬У࿴룬صʲô׵ģҺ硣
Ȼ
Ŀտֲһ䣬ѡаӦľǽļӴҪҸƼһЩ𣿡
Ϊ飬æ׹Ůʱ仹еġ
ڼٹ˽ڵģŮҲͬţǹ¹졣
ллҪĻҿ϶ġ
С׻΢΢һЦţŹٸһɱźںϵʮ
Ϊ飬һ˺ܸˣһһֿĵ˵õĻ뿪
³¯ȻǺæġ
ȵ׶֮ŷ֣ƻûиκεǣһ糯վѾλҪʲô
峺ڳ
еĴ󳼰ͥɸӶǸӵؿλŮˣŨŨĽ
û¸ɻ
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˾Ѫл
һת˭Ҫ˰æ
׼վʵ۹һ£öûҪɵˣʵ۶Ƶģ䣬ʹ첻ᣬҲּģĴ˵ַǿģȻ
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ٹúֻʷֲõԤУô֮ǰغˣǴ
Ȼһβ֮ǰʲôȿʼϣĵһƷܹеĴա
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ԣ䣬һЩȡ׽ڸسֲ
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Ѿ֤Լһ㶼˲
˶ߵҵĺţɽɹСһĿ
λ̺ܸߣָߵĹ϶鼸ûʧܹԽԽҪƳ棬û֮ǰΪĴĻôڣһ
Ȼ·ԼѡģҪ˵ûһϵҲǲԵġ
ԼҪԶţӦ׼һġ
ʲô
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ͱӸ˿ŵϿպĸѾߡ
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ƫƫĸѾͷֹԼҶĺġ
ΰܺãܹл˵ģѧЩһ
ǣ㿴ǼС㣬ȥǶĵģΪ㹻ǿֻ۸˵ķݶᱻ۸

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Ȼ
һ䣬ĹҲô𣿡
ĸѾͷֶͣˡ
ȫͱˣǼСӣԸĿࣿ
𰸺ԡ
Ӷ׼
֮ǰûô̬
治ΪϿֵһˣĹ Ȼ͸޷ˡ

Ľ
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û
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̫̫˵ÿڸɺкɫصһ衣
һȺһһ
ͥοؿŮĳϢʵϱĳɫԺϾԼҶӳɲȻģ࿴磬²ҪţҪסԶĿɽ
ֵʱǰС׻˵ĺȫһҸ˵ĻپʣٳɫҪǵãѾδˣΪ㲻͸Ǳ֪ˣٺ٣һһʱƯ
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ԭȻԼš
ٽҲ־˺þãô˵أ

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ҲпĿеԼ
š
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Լô˵ˣЩˣЩ ô
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ʶѾЩˣΪʲôһûС
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ֱӵͷİɣ
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ĲźãԸߵ˾ǲһ
رڸԼҶһȥĻʵ۵ʱ
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Ϊ֣ʵҪÿһҳˣװĳƷҲҪϸϸؿ
ʱ
ʵۺܿģ˵öҪˡ
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ΪʵۣȻҪͣ
ԣֿʼʵ۰ҹµƬͼӰӣ⣬Ļʵۺеıʣ˭˶˵ʵۺࡣ
ΪʵۣȻ
Ҫģ
ǣĩʵٻԺƬʼ㡣
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ͥɵˡ
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ڳ˵
ϣˣǻʵۣҲȱģҪ֪ĿΪΪյĴҳҪٳ˵ƣǲţʡŵ㻨ͻ˶ģԣȱϲ𾴣𣿡
ʵҡͷ붮Ҳţ
ٺ»
֡
ôǮ˼Ҫ
أ⻹пţ
˵ˣٽأҿ־һȱ㶼ûУ


177 
￴Żʵ, ϸϸؿһ䣬㼵ʵѿ
ޣ
Ȼġ
ôܻȱ㡣
, Ǿֻһ, ̫ÿˣʹֻҪнܽڣҲˡ
Ļʵۣ
һ, յǴûߣ
ң
;ñֻǷ, 첻µز£ԼǻʵۣԼˣйǺοԼ
У

ʵֱЭ, üȥ˿, ɲǵΪͰ뷨ҪƷҪǲĻ, ǲܷȥġ
ֱӵͷ
ʵۼӢˣ
ϾԷǴĻʵۣſŵȱ㣬ȴҲȥò
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ѾЩµ·, ʵ·ü, ԱеƤ, 첹һ»ܴ
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˭˷ѣ
ʵʮֵϡ
ڶͼǻʵ۵ĹͣͻͨеĲһӵĲˣֻһʵ۳ԵĸɸɾԱͼ޵ֳʳҪԹ⣬˷ѣ
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˵ʲôЩǴδϲȰΪԺԺķչкܴĺôġ
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뵽ʵ۵ʮֵ죬ʲôһ֮ǡ
УҪȥ߾Щ˲ĳ־壬Ц˵ǴŸոշչҲԸս̫ĻʵͿԳãٽӮ϶ӮֻǴҪܴĴۣ
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Ҫ֪֮ǰ˸سĺϼǵר춼ԼҶõģɫģҲʵġ
ѾͷĵúãѾͷдҲá
˼һ£Լ˵һ飬Ҫ˶һ
Ǵķٲʢ
ȷ𣿡
̫̫Сʵ
ͷ׿˵ġ
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ҵ֪ͨһȺϽá̫̫ǸˣЦһƣ˿ģҲŸˣͥɺһѾͷҪס˵ģ˭û˺ͺӣֱ׳ˣźӺ˸ˣ鶼̲סźοˡ
Ķ̫̫Ķ졣
ڶ֮ǰ˵һ飬һȺ̫̫̾͵ɴ۾Χ
ȷʵԺ󣬺Щ˻ǫ˵ĻӦøˣûͷ̫̫ʲôա
Ȼô˵۾ȷʵģʮԸġ
Ӵ˶ʶǣ

һһȺ̫̫رĻ飬̫̫صңԼҶϱ˵ϲ¡
ɷ̫̫ˣ


179 
š
̫̫ੲϲõ˵Ż, ȫΪЩرķֻ꣬졣
رǿ̫̫ɫ, ȷʵ˲٣һ˵ǽþŵġ
ҪɫȲ̫̫
Щˡ
ΪŮĸ, ӵкɫ
Ҫ˵̫̫ÿ緹ͳȥ裬Ż, 岻ʱͺһȺ̫̫Լȥ̤, ȥµ赽ֺǺǵ, æøүеһ, ؼĺܿġ
أ
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ǻβ֪, ֻҪԼ๫, ࡣ
, ԼҹүǽһӢ䲻ȫҲһ
أ
̫̫ҲҪϻˡ
ƾʲô
Ϊǻ
ߣȻûȥҲ˵ˣЩ裬ȫҪ輼ɵӸſһ
Ķôܵǵϴ֮á
ôԺ๫Ტۡ
Ȼᵽ裬Ͳ뵽ĶģȻôЩȥˣ˭Ҳû˭˭Ӯﶼ
ֻǸӶѡ
أ
ôԸϣﻹ̲סţûǸԼǲҲܸϻϻǶһݣʱ⣬һ뵽ָƬ˵ƽӣ̲סĿڷȡ
Ȼ
ԼʵģԣôΣҲǲܵ顣
ƫƫ˵ôã̫̫·𿴲ĲƵģ￪ĵ˵ţߵūҲǣȫɫһԱš
Ȼ󣬷ͳƼ̫̫ˣ˵ˣܱܲ죡ˡ
̫̫̾ͿԼҶϱߵֺǲ׼˵̫̫סˡ
̫̫ôһ
ﲻ
϶ܵġ
˶ǻһġ
̫̫һҲǵ͵Ĵ鳤Ϊ˼ͥΪ˲öΪѣͬΪԼ徻ӣٿߵ϶һֻ۱һֻۣʱҲѡһϾˣضʮֿŵľǼҺˡ
Ȼ̫̫˭
̣װĸ
걻Ӱߥޣ磬ᾭԼ̶˵̰㰡ǼģҲζţֻҪ˲⣬ʣٵģΪ˿Ĺƨ£ֻҪԼľͺ˵Ҷ˽⣬ͲΪˣ˶ϣܿĵ
ꡣ
˵⻰ʱ˵ͷ
ﲻʹ죬Ŷͺ಻װЩҴľ
˵⻰ʱ򣬶ۿˡ
˵ˡ
ţȻɶ²ܣְޣϸҲûʲôȱ㣬׵ϲãͰһƯĻƿٲо͵ɿżˮĿ
˾๫ϲĸ֣Ҳһɬÿ֪Ŀ⿴
ģȫû
ûԼ๫ôϲ
ҵĴҳܣлҪйҵҶ壬Щֵܽ˵Լظ˵Щôõȫµʹж࣬಻Ӧõ𣿡
ΪͲһȺ˲סصͷ
ǰ˵ǴԶҵǧʲôòõģֱָ
Ҳű̬
˶ԸԼҵ̫̫
Ҳ͵̫̫Ĺط˸ı䣬ϱҪƴ
ǲܵġ
ҵɣТ˳
ֻǿÿ춼ΪĺͶŬ͵θرãʱʱؾҪԵζ˵´ξͶǸ˵ţһˮƽôҪһꡣ
ţҲܶТ
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ʱֹ̫̫ĬĬ˵̶ϱ뵽̫̫ĻЦе˵ãҲ˵ˣ
⵹һʱ䲻֪ôˡ
ôˡ
ȻûС
صԼԺһӺ̫̫ʰճƷԼù˵˳˹ǰŹܼ˵ȥӼסһʱ䡣
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סˡ
զ£
ڶӺͶϱ᲻ΪܣҲܲˣţڴӼסÿģԺͲȥˡ
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š
Ҫ
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飬֮ǰû˵ҲҪźãû⣬Ѿڸϰ䣬ɶ
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ȻҲҪԼĸദķӡ
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ȻˣҪعԼŵԽԽŹˡ
⻰˵
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֮ǰĸԵʱһĸˣҲסظУһ˵ʶĸķҲˡ
ĸû𣿡
ҡͷĸԴ֮󣬷һֱǣ̫ҽʱ˵ܽ
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У
˭֪ջûеͷ˾ʹ˵ǼһذȥƼѾ˵ˣҪ̫̫Ҳסңǲ˵ǲТҪ𣿡
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ӵͷˡ
˵һ䣬ô˵ʲôϵĸסø˾סТ˳
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ȻԺ뵽ܾԴǼٽԺ󣬾ûһĹ£ҪҪãŪʲôϻ飬һǺúõһ죬ĴԼҵö̲ãһȺ̫̫ڴ֮ͥѾˣҪȫ˶֪û
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үȥòҪ̫̫ϻ
۾һⲻԣүȥһȺ̫̫ʲôõģǼȥδĴ󽫾
ԼԽ˵Խ׵ģֱֹǲܵġ
Ȳ˵дô׾ٵظı䣬ԼҸҲôģĸԴ׺ܿأҲܿģ׶ӵȴֹǺǣҪĳûҪıĸԺôˣôһȺѣ
Ϊϱϵûдã۵˶ûϻҫ
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ⲻΪ𣿡
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~
׶ӵĻĴֱܴһУҰ׵мַ񣬲һֱһȹȥôô˵ң
һƹȫġ
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ӵͷ֮ǰɳ˵׶ӣẦġ

õһĿ
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ڣտƷˣе˶ͷŬԼľͷ
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˵˲ģøĸ׳ͲŴ򻹴ˡ
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ȥӵļңĸֺǺǵĲŷ뿪ʱȴûлعȥ˶Ӽҡ
û취
ƣҪҸ˵˵
ʱһȺڻ԰úǿġ

оûУ
үֱʡ
ƲʱٽһųԳԺȺȣ߶˵Լҷ˹ʱ򣬿˶Էһۣ˿⣬һ䣬Ǽʡ
аɡ
ϺûܹĶ

̾
ٽһ䣬ĸǹ߳ġ
ǰҲûʲôΪʹûг֮ǰĸĸŮˣĸӺãҲٺĸìܣǸõԭԣ
˵㡣
ϧҪġ
ҲҪȢϱġ
ɩõӡ
գ
Ͳܰοһ
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ƼҸӣ
ҲңȻ͸ˡ
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Ǻ˾ƣûؿ


180 
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, 뷨Ǻǰһ, ʱսɳ, һ굽ͷҲ, , þԣһķǳ, ȥ˷˵, ص뷨ҲȥͶӹʱʱȥ, Ҳûޡ
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Ǻǡ
Цú, տԿ϶Լҷһա
, 룬и취ǿһԣҲ¶ǴЦݡ
ٽܿЦеЩĸף, ͷֿ˿ֱߵ, ·ûпԼ׵ı仯, Цøһ㣬
أ
ҲЦ
뻹Ƿ, Ѿ, Ҫѡ
, Сѽ
һģ
أ
ϵصͷ
ģʵţҷĺܵ뷨Ҳײµ֮ǰĵͺˣյᡣ
ЦݺܲãٽӲǴо˿˿⡣
˰ӣ˵Ҫһ̨£ʵȥ裬Ҳĸһϻһ˵飬˵Ѷ𣿡
ԣ
صͷСһ׮
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㰮ӵķҪǲӦأҿɼǵ˵֮ͥǷǳ˵顣
ΪǴӦˣ˲ͺܱ֤࣬ҵķĺܺ˵ֻҪ̬ȺһЩ˵Σܿͻͷġ
Ҫ𣿡
Ҫ͸ˣ
ٽܣ
ȷѾˣɥĲĻ˵ó
ãá
ͷһ˵ãģ°һƯƯġ
㿿ף
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ĳԺȱ죬ֱٽܽ׵͵רŸ׼ԺӻĴ㰴ҵ˵
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Ц
Цɱ
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ٽܣ
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ȥ̣λãǧ𲻻ҪҲ
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Ȼ ˽ԵĸѾ߿ֻüƤֱðȻĴָǿ
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д磬ǲǱͷ紵ӣ

һȺ˷ŭ֣ǼҵĺãǼ޹ȥּңû˵һػҲûҪ
κε顣
Ѿŵģܸͬܡ
ԼҸ߸˵飬ϱˣ飬ֱӾ˺ۿ
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ûĵģûȥĸˣ
ǣĸ׺ÿ
Ҿ絶
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Ҳ֪ҹĸûһͷͷĿޡ
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ĸ׾ϲ裬̫ҽ˵ˣ壬鶼ǳãΪʲô˿ߣ
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ûŴɩϻ
УҽͣһȺ̫̫ƬҲǴɩһɡ
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ƶһ֮ͥǰΪһλòˣȻأǴʹɩҲ𣿻Ужϱ𣿱̫̫ûԵĲ˵̫̫ûƾʲôʹɩЩ˵ֻдɩһô࣬һȺ̫̫ķͷԺô̫̫ദ磬ҲЩ벻
˵ƶֱӾͺ۾Ƿּҵʱ뿪ʱʹɩôǱ֤ģһὫչ˵úúõģչ˵ģյ飬
ίȴȥοɩأ
գ
ǡ
ô
ŶܵĻͦصġ
ܣ˵ģҴˣҷ룡
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ߡ
Ը˵Ͳ˵ǺõľС
ȻԺﵽһƣԼԺǧϣźûκ˼ֻ֤ʵһ²⣬û뵽

˲پƣص䣬ԼҵˣۣȻҪһ˶ա
ȵԺٽʣЩԾ
𣿡
ͷգ۾ʵû磬ʶˣ飬һеһʵڣġ
а
ٽܵͷʵеʱҲֲ壬ڵһģһġ
ֻ߸ûʲôϱӣֻԼġ

ʲôõģ֪ʶģԲԣ

ؿٽܣܺãǳѧʽĻشȻһʧӰ٣˵öԣ֪ʶġ
û˷գŽʱܽ񣬱ԼˣӾͽ硣
һĵصȻ
һȺ˳ŷдһطһطշת˽ʮʱŽͼһдһֵĸӡ
ȵ
֮ǰĴһһֻܵЦǻվܣ֪ΪʲôЩ˶ֱӺۿжϡﻩ
ƣ
࣡
׬Ǯܲף

ڿЩӵЦʱ˲ʧˣӡ
š
һ´İվǾḻƣŬϽһ¡
ܺá
ٲ²⣬ӹ
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Ϊ˺ӦӣϦΪ˼֣Ϧ졣
ѡǼҵһȺ̫̫𣿡
˵ҵˣ̫̫ԼһȺϽöΪ϶ǡ
Ͼ̫̫۵ĻǾġ
ҡͷԼĸһҸĽ͡ģЦ˵֪Ҽҵĸ϶̫̫ģǣװ̣ȥĻͱֽĴڣôϰգǸжͬʱֺЩϵ˾ߡ
һ仰ͥǾ⡣
һ£˭ҵ̫̫оԪڵ̣ƷԱ
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¶Ҳһɡ
̫̫Ȼôһ˿˿ʧ䣬⣬
̣ҲʧȵԺϵеʱ򣬿϶רģշ
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̫̫Цŵͷҵ̫þУϽǣһǽ͵ġ
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ǮԽ֣˰볡ЧһҲӡ
ûǮģܿ԰ɣպýͿԣҪûУаɣһ߳һȶǿ˷λֱһá
ֵûô䡣
һģһ
һЦûԶԶȲ̫̫ǣɿһġ
ҲŸˡ
ŵԺϵеʱţƹ㳡ٲ˵ġ
ԽԽˡ
ϵлķһˣʮص·ƣݶˣݵż϶žͷЦĻ档
һץĵģЦʮȻȵͼֱӶԼҶ˴Ĵָ
дҲøá
ͱֽһ͵̫̫һȺ˵ǿ˵Цݣ꣬㣬˵
Ҳ¶ЦݣǣǺ
Լ͸ĴӺôҲûеġ
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ԭϰĲס
Ůʡ˲٣ÿһܳˣһܴһԭܼ򵥣ΪûǮβڵԽԽã̫̫ҲһҪ˼ʹ࣬Ŀɹ
һһ
ƴ˾ƴδԼ

Щǡ
Ȼ̫̫ʱ
ҲĽĴڡ

ÿһҳиԲͬ
дÿһζصֻҪԴÿһ죬úõչԼߵϣ壬ˡ
һТ˵ȳ
ЩĸѾȥĿ޵ϡﻩ
˶ƴ˾ƴδԼһ仰þòƽ
ź
ǰòãԼĶϱҲôԼĻ
˵Ͳͷ

ܵ
ϱѾˣΪӵֻάĹϵϱҡͷǸǿסԼ๫˵Т˳Т˳ûס


183 
һ, һʣµӣ˸ŻȵĹâͲ, ӣûһġ

ξԲЭ
ӵĶϱһҪɴ۾úÿ
Ŵϱ
š
һҲûйϵϱƨ˾鷳
˼á
, һ, ζȻȲϼĳӣ, ʱŬ, Ѿ, պʲôҲû˵ԹԵس˸һɶ, ˵һЩԽҪ˵Ҳġ
ʮؽе
, ˵
㿴ҲСˣ, 綼Ѿжˣ, ҲӦÿ, ˵⻰ʱ, һֱ崺Цݡ
ȵĿ⿴׵, ˼Բˡ
ܲܲҪϱ
ɩİɣ
, 뵽ϴβһʬ, ǶԿɰֶֶŮһû, ƽﲻ, £͸оëȻ
ˣտŶӿͰ͵ģЦ˵аţ
⻰ʲô˼
һӾͰˡ
ֽĴ̼Щ·𿴼Լ˲Ժ󣬹һ˶ûеĿﻹܵˡ
ƼֵܣСٿСҲǵڣ֮رԼĸףһ仰ԾͷУƵģŪڼﶼĲҲڱԼǣһ
Ȼ̾˵Ŀ⡣
ƼҸ˶һզģ
˵һۣžͱģٿʲô̬ȣ
ʲô̬ȣҪʲô̬ȣ
ٿֱӾվŹ˺㵽ҪôǣģôԣֱӰҴˣ
㣬㣬㡣
ˣо۵ö޷ˣҡҡ׹ָСӣ˵
ңңңʲôңװˣÿʲôӣ̫ҽ˵ˣõúܡٿ巳ȫϣҪֱӹңҪһҶٿ
ˣ
Խ˵Խ񻰣պʲô̬ȣ
׵ٿﻹռݲλõģֻĸ뿪ʧһֱţٱۿˣȴɹŲӵһ£ûȥ̧һĨָоԼôˣȻ޳ʮûӣԾ͸ӵƹˤʲô̬ȣҪʲô̬Ȱһģû갡㿴һһ𣿡
˵øˣˣǵĸ㲻ǣǵӣǾ
еһж밴˼ǾͲԼ뷨Լİ𣿡
Խ˵Խ˶ڷҲӵʱһֻСޣһץסϵ·ֱӾͽ˺ˣӵϣ˵ٴΣҲϲɫ·Ҳϲɫϲɫҵɫÿʲôϵôһˣ봩Լϲ·ԣҪ˵ԶҲҪ˵˵̬Ȳã˵С
գ
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ӣʼȰɺ棬ϵܴʹġ
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ž
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Ҫһ
ĸֻ˸ס
ѵ
˵һӾͰˣһ˵ı鿴ڣ߲֪Ϊξ뵽ٿĻЦͬʱһƫƫĸһ㶼ûпı飬ʵڣǲӭôĸסңҾͲȥΪĸﶼҪ𣿡
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ԽԽԼЩӶˣһǰǣȫס
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ᣡ
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˵ţֱӾ֣һֻǣٽܣ˳ȥ
ֱԶԺŷӦˣɩ˵Ҳû
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̫̫Ҳֻһ¾ͻع֪ģȻûʲôãȴҲûԣСˣ
ллĸ
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㽫˵һ飡
˵һΡ
۾ӴЩʣԼŲǾɡ

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գ㣬˵ÿд
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ô㰡
ԭΪļƻѾܲˣ˭뵽ֱ׼ЦͿŹı飬ͲϿһ仰ѽа취
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νʩˣҶƼֵܵıʾ̵ͬ顣˵⻰ʱ˲ͱһıʹ
лл
Ҫ
˵

ƼֵŬԼı飬ǵҪΪ仯̫Եⷽ棬ٽܺվʮֵصⲻķ
ĸ
￴̫̫ҾͲţҼôһûУΪϱұøôĶӣͼӱĶӣ
ʲô
׼ͲٽܺնЩӦˡ
ԼĶӡ
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ף
ҲǺһĬ
Ȼ
Ƽֵ˵ضˣÿһ˱ֳ˼һģһѽȥϱƾʲôܿǣȴһ鶼ûС
ĸ
ٿԼ׵Ϊҵϲɫͱֵܴɫ·
һڣվֲõԤС
ΪҵϲģͱҳģҵθôġȻڸݣĸ׾Ͳһˣ죡

ʲôʱθģ
̫̫Ҳֱӿڡ
һֱСٽһԿ˵ˣСʱ˵ܣô˵ģ˵Ӻôһ˷ˡ
Ϳ˷θˣӺ治ף
̲סķֱð˳ţܻҲܲװܼǿػž漣
գ
ô
̫̫ˣĴӵĲΣ
˹ˣֻǺܶĶܳԡ
̫̫ԭΪһԷʳ嵭Ϊչ˼ңԭٽҲǣӴĸˣ㻹ôᣬ
̧ͷ̫̫ǰ˵Ļڽ˵˳˲٣¶һЦݣΪųԣСͲӿڸ֮
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Ҳ˵ͬĻĸһȥоо϶ҵҩģκúʲôͳʲô
˵תһ£Դˣʲô˵ģ
տŴӣΪԷҪ̳йϻѵ˼࣬Ҫϸ񣬿ɴʱ˿̣ѾĿģĶӣãȴ˵Բ֡
￴ţһҡͷ
˵׵̫Զ
˵

ٽԼϱҲϲӣҪҳžӣ˵ҵӳţȷ磬Σ˻̫ܵÿˡ
Ƽ̫̫ǳ鴤
Ҳǡ
ͷԼˣüͷһ˼ԣ㾹ȻҲͬˣ
ͬҪιȥ
Ƽ
ܸͬܡ
Ȼ˶߼ϡ
߸оǰδе߳ܡ
ϲˣδףʱˣ˭뵽˾Ȼ

ֻϣ˵ĲҪ̫ףȻܻܲˡ
ľȻؿ׵ѵûлɹڴͶûס֮ǰֵ˵ķͣüëȶһģһ
ɣ
ͷεģǿƵġ
ѵû֣˶磬ֵܵıʼһģһ𣿡
գ
ǳףҪġԼ
˵ı顣
Լˡ
ֵܽ˵ż̲סٿ䡣

ҪԭڸӽԼˣ̫̫оԼ۽磬ûסҽҷ˿ӣ
̫̫סصͷ
Ϣ


184 
ǰˣ
°, Լҹǹظ̾ô, ӿҪ
Ƽˣ
ܱܲʱ˵
ô죿̫̫, ǰ֪ӾȻ, ֪ˣǾͲܲ, 
գ
ǰҲ֪
ô죿
ô죿
ܲһԼ˶ְɣ
һʵְ취Ϊİ취Բģԣϣ, ȿĴӡ
ҡͷ룬ֱӿ, Һĸܵ, Ҫа취Ҳһֱˡ
ĸܵصͷ
һֱ, , ָ
ЦǺ, ָ, Ϊÿζôĸ˳
ϸĺòã

վĿķǵϣ΢Щڣ, ˵ô죿

С

ָ
Ƽˣ
ٿóݵĿ⿴
һ, Ҫʲô
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ʲô̬ȵ⡣
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գ
˵Ǹһ㡣
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԰
ﲻЦˣĸʹĥΪǳҲһ±ǿʲôζ
̫̫˿ӣֿ˿ӣ̾ѡվߣֻǣҵû⣬ֻûհѾͷ֪ģÿʱ䰲ŵú
ȵþ仰
̣ԵǸ棬ȨתҰ
⻰˵ʮС
յˡ
Ƽֵض˴Ĵָ
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գ
ô
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ҡ
һʱ֮䲻֪˵ʲô
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ô
ޣٿɲô룬㻹ôᣬֱ̫̫İٽҲԡ
ǣ̣źҲûʲô˼֪ӺʱʼҾ⣬ۡ

޳һƬ
￴ٿ֮󣬲ŻͷܽܣٿӸס
ٽֱӵͷã
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ι
׵ں
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ĸȫûиһֻ۵ؿӡ
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죡
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գ
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ӡ
ֵ˵㲻Ը𣿡
ֿԼĸף߸飬ԼԸ⣬ΪʲôҪִٿ

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ס
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չԹԵϣһȺΧ
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ȵʱһؿǹͬɵƷ
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㣬·Щһûʮϴġ
գ

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ٽܣ
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ԣ
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ԣٿȻ֢࣬״ĸǶҪᣬģŸɩӣԺÿһ춼Ὺĵġ


185 
ＫػԾ, ˵Ҳǳɣڳû˶Цóġ
رĸ֢ġ
ֻǸֵܻŻԼ̫, , ڵĽԾͲǡ
˵ô죿
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ӷ˵
˭ܱ֤
ڲ, ʵؾʶԼ, ֻǣֽ, һôѡ
, , ҪǲĻҲҼңҿԱ֤һ꣬κеĲ֢Ц˵ڻ᲻ķ汼ܣͲܿƵģϾǼϿʵҲһֲ
ӷˣ
죬Ҫ˵Լ๫Ҳȥ
ǣ
˵ڡ
տô򵥣
Ȼˡ
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ž˵һѡ
Ƽ˶ڿ⻹֪֮ͦġ
ԣҪТӵĻһԺķ˲һܳܵסǵТ˳
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ֺܲõԤС
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о˶סһ㡣

סܶܡ
壬ģӶо
صҡ
ϱѾ͹ˣǲճһ롣


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Ŷ찡
ôֱӲĳ԰ɡ
Բ𣿡
ԣţң
˸ˡ

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ʱһãֱӾͽ¸׿ÿ챾ͺæڻûȥ֮ǰӰԼС
ֻǺ߲ڴس֡
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ڱܵܣʵûʲô
ôĺˣͲҪộܽһɵĻغԵɣټ
ʱʱųȥһȦȵ˴Ѿǵţ۾ֱİʲô򣬲Ǿ¥С̯̯ϣóԾȥôľô档
ڹѧҵ
ԺԼյ飬ܡ
Ȼֵܾͷ֣ÿθٿǵĿҵ͹ʱٲ֮ǰôţЩʱŸϵ·б޳ҶüëǾ̲סЦ
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ٽܿܵһܽ˵ı飬꣬Լӳȥˡ
ۻǲҪöԺԸԼ
ܵܺ͸׵ĶԹ͹ܲˡ
ȻЩЩǲҪǻǺӣżСֻҪֵܷʲôǴǴǣͲȥ
ܵܵͷ
ҲźѣҺҵ

Ȼպһһк󣬶ǵձʾ⣬ָԺ󣬾ͿóһʳУϯضϲĲˣöһζζġ
¶Цݡ
ȻĶӡ
жشչȥ˵ζúܣҸƫƧĵطԣȻ֪ˣ죬֪˵ʲôġ
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ʱղſʳ˫ӣ
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ͷһ⣬ǽһ㰡óԣѾĻûѾĺóԡ
ţѾ̫ˣֻжɩرҪʱŻ³
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ΪսĲˮģġ
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̲סŶӵһһϵġ
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ƼҸమɱշеˮȵĸоʱúܿ죬һգ۾͵·ݣԼ͢аﱸǰڹҲѾβ
ȷȥѡ
ԼҪȥ⣬ֻǣڻʹµʱ𾪵ؿŻʵۣͥɣգΪͻ϶е㽻飬˾͸˵ˣ˰ôôпľ
ҲҪ๫ֿ
ʵۿ϶Ľ๫á
ԼѪ飬ݲˣ̫ˡ
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һȫŵĿ⡣
Ҫըë
ãкΣգұ֤ٽʲô飬ܱ侲ܹȫ֣

ܸë߰
๫Ҫ
ͻȻЩڣʵ״̬ͦõģϹʲôעǵģû취𣿡
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յЩ𾪣һֱЩ⣬ǶǶģھȻŮ鳤ʲôŮ鳤здҪҲǼʱ飬ΪʲôҪһģ


186 
ԭҪԼ๫, ƻղ˵ҪָôԶоһ㶯û, ʲôҲ̱š
Ȼ
̱
˵һ, ͣؿ
˵ǵ, ң
ѹһ
ƻģؼʱӣʵܴ۾Ҳɵ, ģ·ҵͷֱܳӰȥһ
ʵҲֻʵôš
Ȼ˵ͷ, ͳһǳ, ļƻɹĻֻҪǳСĴۣΪ, ͢¶ƻɼʵжӡ

ʵۺˡ
ʵۣ
Ų, ˡ
Ѿͷ, ⲻܿЦ顣ͥĿ⿴ȥѹ, ԱɷĻʵ۸ѣ, һ˵ǲҴ, һһҲû˵Ҳܰ
ˣ
ոΪʲôҪڳһɶҲɵӡ
, ˵, 
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һȺֿʼ
Ȼ˵˵ţһֶ֮ǰûʲôף
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ۿϾҪˡ
ֱӽѡһĴˣΨһһҲǵ߽ȥʵЩģû𣿡
ͥɺͬʱͷ
ҪȻٶ䣬԰䡣
׵͹С˽ģֱӴ˻ʵ۵ĻİŲǺܺ𣿴һ˾ӦóȥһȵǻҲǹͣҲýͣЩس㻹ܽʲô

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ԣ
ٽܿбҪСĶоһ£ȫеԭôģ
װģе㸴ӣԹڼһٽ𣿡
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ͬʱЦˣȻ󣬽ӵؿ磬÷ʡʡԼŶǲ㻹ǿþȻ뷨
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ʵ˵һͨĵĻ˷дԽԽС
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Щһ
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188 
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Ȼ
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ǴûΪ˵һ仰˵ֹ󽫾˵Ļ̫ã̫ãֻǣڵˣȴͬΪʹţž;ֵĿЦ


ҲʹһŶڣԼϣ
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˼ŮбûǽΪʲôѾãǺǣֻҪǿɰСǱųģͲӴСϾ˭ҵĺӶҵǸôס档
Цһʥ࣬ó¶ЦݣһߵŮǰԷƽʱҿóĳӦòͣ˵ͣһ£ó־ᣬˣķڶҿ㱣֤ӽ𣬴һֻҪԼŬͲκεĲƽ֮¡
Ů㶵ؿ
ߴ΢Цϸϸؽɣֽͷã㳤ôƯЦ϶
˵Ż˷
Ů˿һֱڿ
оǰĹʶĶǳһ
ʹŵſʱ˿̵ЩףΪʲôǴô׷ߣǱܾǶԷδ򣬶ء
ˣǴˡ
ܾ˵
أ
ʣǳϲŴڣϣͲڣһ͵ҵӣʲôʸЩճ֮ǰҫ
ܾü
˵̬Ⱥ֮ǰֱ˵Ǵྶͥ
ȥʱǽһ˵أ
ѡ
Ҫս
ĵ鼴Ҫ
ûҲͰˣˣҽİӣȻҪ컯֮ɱˣɱһŮͺӣķҴ۽硣
ܾ֮ЦݲõĿϷ
ˣ
ɣ
ܾǴ̡
һȺ˿ʼǰߣһΣһֱʹûгκε⣬ֱ볯õʱס
˼Բˡ
Ů˲Խ볯á
Ѿ߽ȥͣĹӸͣ
׼ﶼͳЯӣǴŮѾŮŮ͸˵ˣƷԱǰƽƽ
ܾЩȣѯʣļٵģ
ʵȻ
ֱӵͷ

ֻܾûʵ۶ǽһƵ鶼óԣһ̾裬Ϊ뵽֮ǰйһĴԣһǼٵģǻʵأмġ
Ҫʲô
žȵؿĹȻڶǵٵģǶƷ
ߣ
Ҳ֪λ˵ʲôȻҲԱźӽ볯ãô˵أ
εĸо
֮ǰھȻܽĳãʵЩŷǳǿҵĲʵС
ʵ۵й֮
ȻҲ΢΢Ҫܾжܡ
ʵۣ
ôҲһ֮òã
Ժ󣬿׺ǿȫ᲻Ȥֻ˯ĸоȻͿʼǷ㶼ûΣ֮˲ᣬװôãѾļˣȻֱӿ˵īˣ磬ֱ˵°ɣ
ˣ
ʵۣҪһˣ˸ϳȥˣ
ǴˣʱѾԴˡ
ȴǳͬ
ȻڴĳϣÿǵĻʵҪʱҲһ̵棬Ǿ鲢ï˷θߣɰͰ͵ڱһ㣬˵ģ˭˯
һȺɵʹֱӽͳ
ȿڣһ֮ģ
˵꣬ͽһóȻ˹ݸʵۡ
ϴĹǰֵ
ɱ֮£Ǻ𾪣ҲܷŭȻһֱ֮أôҲû뵽ȻҵĵزŲ˵ɫжѿⱾǴʮλƷΪеĴ徫ϣܹúѧϰУȵʲôʱ֪ܺȥĹǰ

ⶼ̣Ͳǻʵˡ
ʵ۴ŭ
ĻҲ̣ΪӣǾ֮ӣ󵨣
ĹԱҲһɫࡣ
̫ˡ
ȻҲ̩ɽġ
ʹŵصЩϡ
úס
Ҳɱ⡣
ѽҺú°СĸΣȻ󣬲һվһŲǰϣǸ󣬡ʲôҴһ仰˵˲𰡣ʲô
ˣˣ
ʵûڲ
ˡ
Դӵ˻ʵۣû˸ô˵
ҪǴĹʵйµ϶ĽöҪˮԭлʵ۶û֮ǰ챻ʷ磬ĸܣԺ챻ѹ
ʹ˽
ޡ
ʵ˵ȥˡ
ܾһվֹˣո治ɫĴ󳼸Źߡ
˼
ʵһȻףĿˣʵ̫ˣ̨׾ˣĿ⻹Ƿǳ׺ݡ
ͬҲ۾ֱŪʵۣȻؼҺԼ๫ž۵Ŀԡ
ã
ֹ
аɡ
ǰƻ¡
ò˵˵ĺȱ
ɣ
ܾͬʱ˼һģһġ
˵ڶ飬쳣Ҳһģ⻰µʱ򣬿ƺܲ⣬ʵϽܾ˵ı۲һȻЩҲϺ꼶ģһû¶ãϲ˶ôЩ˾ûס¶˸˵ı飬ͣǰʹһμʱ򣬴¸߲֣ҴİѾ˷ʳ
ƽ
ƾʲô

ţǲţ
ͬи߲ʳǲˣûУǴ˿ԽڸԵͼ֣֤ٵٶȶɹ֣
ôģ
˷׷ôŻɵĿ⿴ǡ
˵˵ǵ
ʵҲоԼȨˣ侲֮ӾͿʼתҪ˵ҪĪʳֱּ߲ǾĶ
ȻǾֱ˵
һ뱣֤Ǵ˵İȫ
⣬ôǻΪƣʱǾֻ
ʵ˼Ҳ˼
ܿ죬ʵ۾͵ͷ
һʵûʲôԼ
ֵֻ֣Ҫȹ֣Ҳ¡
ڶ
⻰һŮ˶ȻƿǶŮ˵֪ŹգţϵĹԼݣЩ;þӳõûʲôһ̣ЩĶƷԱˡ
ֵһۣ˲ֹĹԱĹ
ʲô
ʵ룬һʷǸˡ
ԣ
ͷ
ԣ
һʲô粨
ü
ʱĲ²ԼҶõĻжǸƻ˵óɹкشĹϵǲϵˣ˻ΪõԱӡ
Ҫ֪Ļ϶ϵģõôԶöѡ

һ
ţΪǰ˵ء
һǴӴˣǴӦܵɷĳͷӦòӷ֮˰ɡ

һȺ˵Щԥˡ
Ͷ̫һ֮ǰָܹʹ˴ɱʵ۾ܿóǴʵۺгֵӣҲкģ˵ֺͳ͢ϵʮֵУͬҪĻܻ˵Ĳ
Ϊг͢ݣǴǲСġ
ѾǸϵǴˣαظϾɱأ
ⲻǱ˵ĹԱҲҳʲôӣմǴŵѪǴյܵĺǣҶὫץס֮Էҵְ𣡡
ʵۿĴǡ
Ҫڰպ֮ѡ

Ӧô˵
һֱûҵӦֵķӣķβܣǽʬҰʱ򣬽ɽҡ˾Ի룬ٺҲˡ
ȿ
ʵۣǽڲΪ˱йܣ⴫
ʵۣ
ȻĴ㣬ɱôֱ˵ﻹǺܲˬġ
ɡ
ЩӶӹûʲôףץҲץˡ
һ顣
źӵŮˣΪڻˣԣ뵱ǵİӣҲ֪׷ʲô飬ôĺ´׷ɱһԹ¶ĸ
̧ͷ
ȻԼǴ£Ҳûõ
˵
ͷȻǲԸ˵ҲԵûҲûʲô˽ģǲ˵ʵǴûн˷ǻʵ۱ʴȣԸսİɱˡ
š
ЩΣΪոôġ
УǴýطȻڣ
ޣ
һȺԱ
˵û˽ġ
λεѾͷǣǵ˵ûûʣ̫Ҫˡ
Ȼ
⾹ȻһҪ
𲻴Ӧ
Ļʵٹٶܾߵӣ˼Բˣ࣬ĹŮô
ةࣺ
ô
Ϊĳоܾʸ
ܾˡ
û˸߲֣յΪʧǲų꣬Ҳ֪ıʵǾԲк³ġ


189 
ةಢں, ԲҪøúĽ֣˵ˣĶҲܺõȥ
ʱ˿̡
ةǺ޼Ů, ôܻᶪ, ô, ܵӰ죬ô룬һ㶼ûб¶Żʵʮֹ˵ֵϵش, ΢΢СҲΪʹŵ, ΢ȻһٸԸġ

⻰˵ǽһˮƽߡ
ͥڳĻ, ͻǳϤة˵ӡ
Щıûг֮ǰ, ڳҲ, һ仰Ŷ˼
Ȼ
ԴӷıԺ, ʵӰ죬ʼֱ, ʱһ, سۻǶ, Ļ, ȻǲԸ˷ѿˮ˵ҲʼֱֱȻ, ¶ʼܵӰ졣
žžž
ʹŵһȺˣǷ, ûǰ, ˶Ʋ¶ĬԼúǹ졣
ʵԼĴǣ
һЩ࿡, в
С
ܲ΢㣬һǣ֪˭ĵ
룬µʱҲͬˣڣҵʱ˵ҵļʶˣĳˣҵûʲô˵Ҫ飬ȴ룬ةȻĲֵһᣬǼʶˣлةˡ
л
⻰һ£һȺع֣лָ̣
ةࣺ
ҪסԼı飬ͱˡ
ʵۺͷۣɱɱУڵֻ뾡콫Щ˴ˣˣѾӦˣǻô
ŵȻǩԼֽд
ȻһȺǲĴڣʵȷʵﴦʱᷢ״̬ͱڡ
ʵǾ仰ʱ
˵Դ뵽鰮һģһĶԻĿڻʵۺة֮ǰ룬˵˵Ȼˣɱòʵ۰ϣةԽԽ䣬ȻֿԲһԴ׵棬Ȼôĳ棬ôҲ̲ס

ĸѾͷǾǻ̵סġ
˭һѹͲԸ̣ЦͱҪЦ

ЦһĸѾͷҲ̲סˡ
Ȼ϶ǵЦ
Լ˱ò΢Ц·дڣһֱûг۶ӣѾܲˣֳ㶯ǷϾͲҪһֱôϵĻǲŽзɱĳϴЦӿ¡
һߣǶЩ˽ܾҲ̲סǳ鴤˰
˵
ˡ
񾭲
ʲôЦġ
һ̡
Цö˾Ϊǽˡ
ѾЦŶԼС˵˵ǲǿСˡ
˵ʲô
Բ𣬶ҵĴ˭ҳôأ
ˣ˺죡
Ѿͷ
ȻֱץסѾ֣ЦһĲã˵һϤĻˣѾǸˣǻô
䡣
Ц
ĿڻʵۺةмԻȡ
ѾֱӵԼСϣʮִ˵С㣬û뵽ĻʵۺةྐྵȻĹϵ
ţüǻü

һ¾˶ˣĿʶؿʵۺة࣬
ʵۺةֱӾˣ
ĹϵĹϵ

Ȼ˶һۣ̾ͷֿ˵˵ٴ಻ľϵ
Ĵ󳼣
Ȼ˶ǵ̸Ӱ쵽ˣվһҲ֪ļҳʲô˿Ȼ¶һȻģ
ܾ
֪ʵ۵ôˣ
Ҫ˵ûĹͣһֶš
ţ
ȻѾҪڣԴȥţ÷ҥ

ʵһδ
סСȻһ߲һӣ˳㻹ںһ䣬ϣ̫ˣҿЦѣةʲôϵǵ飬Ҳģˣ˵°ɣ
ʵۺةࣺ
˵˻
ֱҪŮˡ
˭ոչЦ˵һЩ߰Ļڻһңܲܽ
Լ׼ˡ
óѾǴʵ۵ӡ£ֻһּԲһīˮŸոɲãʱȥġ
ʵۿ˿Ĵǿ󣬲Ÿӡ¡
ŵİ
Щףϵǳң󰸵Щ࣬ǶôһĹϵ
ŵĸ׺Ļʺ׽ãΪ̫ӱǿˣֱȫ˾ҩ飬ʵ۷˻ʺŻʺҲ䣬һʱ䣬ŵ͵ò
ʵۼ̫ӵˡ
ˣźͻӵĻ±öˣȻݲݵؼ޸һ
ҲͰˡ
ŻУΪöȴһֱûж
๫磬ɩСӣСӣţһʮˣȫɱ
ſ޵
ةҵճĹ
¼ޣʼȷʵǺ࣬˸ҲãؽˣҲôʵһθоҸرԺԼһҡ
Ȼ
һҹ֮䣬˶̵ɱ
ĸǰҲӲġ
ÿϣֻҪһۣԺȫ๫ܣԼƴź˵ĳ档
Ƕġ
ҲǷֵʲôǹʲôҺ޵ġ
ǡ
ʲôˣֶֶŮôСûЩЩ˵
ʲôζԵЩˡ
ŵ˱ʣµľǽĺ๫Ѫ
ʼ˵ʱ⼸η壬ôʱ˿̣һߺһĿ⿴׵Լӡ
֮󣬿ˣڶᷢ𣿡
ᣡ
ֱӻش
ã˼ٵİӣ´ʱȭͷӮˣ黹סģ˾Ͳˡ
̫ˡ
Ҳ̫ˡ
ӶŹŰڴĺ١
رнԺ
֮ʼʰȻ˶ڵʵۣԼ飬ϣأǽ˴·ϳ⣬һڣԼ
вǡ
˲𰡣
ðɣȷʵ˲
ܾĶ棬Ŷ˶üﴫ˼ԣУѾˣ
ܾ
ߣ
ҲĹҡ
ȻͿһЦһֲõԤУӦңûм޸ӣѵ˻֪
ӵһӾˡ
׼˵
ֱվغ
룡
壬Һ°Ǵ˵ģһţҰѾ˵ˡ
С㣬Ѿ˵ˡ
ѾһЦѡ

ʼ磬ЦʮǷᣬȫûκγصǸ˼Ҳǹģ˭ô˼Ұ
ţ
Ȼ֪˶֪£
Ͼ¹ػҳţǿ϶ҪʵЩ
԰
ڻ˰
˻ұˣ˰ܾӣǷ·𻹼ǵòǰӻЦǺһҪģ
⣬⣬⡣
𺳡
Ȼ
ǻǵˣˣҧ죬ѿڶĻ˻ȥ
ֻǣƺȥˣӦӦҪ£̫ˣ
ˣ
۾

Ⱥ˵ı飬ƺǲ֪飬رӣ԰˽⿪Ҳһ㣬ôɫƵģڷһʱҪιȥģ
զ°Ƕ͹ˣһ𣿿죬ʲôܣ
ֱӴߴٵ
˷׷׵ͷ
ɼִܹİϲ֣˵ԣΪЧ
ûˣ
ŵıʹ졣
ɴ۾
Ѿ˷׷׵ɴ۾
˴Ĵָ
䡣
ʹŵĴָĬ˵ǿ䣡
ͬ⻰
ȷʵǴ۽硣
չʾʱˡ
ָʹǰ׵ġ
ʱһá
ûʲô֤ݡ
ı£ǸլǳĻֽվ¶š
ô˵أ
ͷβǸ硣
ĺıõǼʱ׵ˣȻӦûӵĬ
ã
ŷǳͬ
ôȻһЩʿ˽ģؼıˣǴɷɷжȷָиڻڼ䲻ִ̡
ʵϣеĻѾڱıԵ
ıĻ£๫Ȼ
˵ɾˡ
˵ڶ֪Լĺ˭ġ
޹

һ㶼ͬħһѶԷסĻҪĺӡ
ʵϿ΢΢͹Ķӣ￴ڵĻ⺢Ҳֻһ硣
Ļȥ˵ġ
̾Ͳϵ
᲻
ºʲô˭˵׼
Ǵûʡ
ģǻᴦõġ
ãһźӣһУŷϵ飬ة̾һ䣺
ةࣺ
ǳãһ⻰ûĸжѾͷᡣ
ôǽˡ
ǺôҲǴŶǣʵۿʼӲȥйʱϢһ£ϻдǵᡣ
й
ʲô
Ŷ
һȺͻȻ뵽ʵ۸еͷԼǿŵĻʵûвŲôһ룬;ǵĻʵƺЩ
ԡ
ⲻص㡣
ص硣
ǲμˡ
ˣǻ£Ͳˣϣسŵ
˵꣬վ˷׷ǡ
ߵʱ򻹽ĸӴˡ
Ǹұ˳𣬵ʵû֮Ƿβܣֻ·һ

ܾס飡
ͷԼҵ֪ЦЦãϡ
˻ʹ̾ʹչȥ㣬Ĳ㽫ʵۺة鴫ȥ𣿶ôϢ
Ϊÿϧˡ
ɵ
ϣƵţԽļдɸӷȥԲ룬Ǵʵ۵ԣӰ쵽Ƕϲ𣿡
ü˼
ҡͷ
㣬ˡ
ҪĽɢȥӰ첻ʵۺة಻˵˵׼ܰ

ͷһ㣬ڳģôһڻҵľҥԴҲִڣյѹǣãǲӦöİǲעˣôñء
ã
ɾʮ㡣
Ҳһ
здͨ㣬µʱ䣬ˣƴĵ궼
Ҫĺشˡ
֪ʱ
סڷдϵһٴͣ⣬һ˶ٻֿʼᣬһ࣬ص㣬Ҫʱ׼ţסԼİȫҪ
ֵû⡣
Ҳû⡣
ĵһһڵĻͱֽ֣ܿ͢ˣʱţǻԼ˵Ļ϶ᷴڵġ
Ϊ˼ϵϴж¡
Ӵ֮һĽҲڴ
ͬһʱ䣬ʵҲټصĴǣҲɵӣ˶Ӱ첻ҵʱӵģֵҲ⣬Ψһصľν
һƹܣ֮ǰյϢ
ܾʲôı
ȥøضˣв֮٣¡
˵ʵ磬ܾҲܳأµʱ䣬˵ܳǣôˣֱӽ˸飬ƫԶĵطûзŹַĸо
ôģڶ컹ڵص
صĹԱʮֹעĵꡣ
ȻҲ⣬糯󣬻ʵ۾ͻ˱ȥ鿴
Ž˳ӵ߸ϣɼϢɢж༰ʱҲΪʲô󽫾Ƿ飬ȻĻةԹ֪
ΪĲԸ
Ѿɵ÷ǳϤˡ
סվ˳ŻͲһ
ڣʹ߰ںõ﷢һμЩİչȻע
λĸףүϵĳƺ̵ҽԺѸٵؽ⣬ҲҪżֵ߲ܴÿ˶򵽣ֻǣҾͲǴʲôط𣿡
Ǹ˷θĹ¡
츳ܸߵǵĻʵ۱¿еޣŸС£ԼۿοȫûоЩİա
ʵۣ
Ҫ
ܵĵ䶫ĻʵۣƤ̫ˡ
˵ʵǴǻӵĹңλĹԱʵ֮࣬Ƿǳ˵ģݺݵţǱӦҲǶ˵Ǵѣѵʹ죿
Щİգ
ȫ޷
ǿ϶ǳ˵ġ
֪˭ְ߲͸𣿡
˵ܼʵеڵᣬûǲµˣǴĻʵ۱£
ʵۣ
ʲô
Ī
ܵǣΪʲôкЩڸſް
ỹܴȾ


190 
ʵеݽ, ʱΣǹʵӦ£óֻ, 㿪Ƶͨĵض׼̨ϵĹ
š
Ҫ⹷ʵۿĳжά, һжƴ
̨ϵȫ֪רĵԼ顣
ϲľ˵Ŀⶼϡ
Ǵʵ֪İտҪȥˣ߲ǵʱ, ⵽˰ڵǵķ, ǶǳزǸʱĶǣƾʲôǵйİնǸ, ΪʲôҪҪֹȥ
˵, Ц, յ, ʵر, Ȩر, һ仰ͷصĴ, Ҫʲô˭Ҳֹ
գ
ѵ
Ȼǣǵı£ʴȲĴ, ֪Լÿһпܹϵǧ򻧵, , ȥʰյ, ǳҪһ飬ҲȨѹǣֻĵȰͣ߶ĸɣεһ˵Ҳһˡ
ʱƽ죬޵𾴣˵ܻ֮ʲôޣʵϰûйϵ֮ǰķѣڵӣʲôֻҪԱůƽȵӰˣ
Цǵı¾ôһһˡ
Ц˵ǴĶǣÿվ̨ϣȰЩҲǣһûУ͸ı̬ȣҺͬȴûôͬ⡣
˵
ЦݣĿССĹʮ㣬ʱվ̨ϣЩռݵĴûκεĲ𣬡ǼȲǴϵİգҲµǵûаϵڻվ֪Ϊʲô𣿡
ǵ
Ϊǵı¡
Ц˵ΪǺľǵĸ߲͹ҲܼסǵĻ֮ǳԱˣǴ̣ҴҲµġ
˵ͣһ£ǰҲűӦˣҶһøжûУΪʲô߲ʳڴǵıӦ
ǣ
Ѿֹһˡ
Ҳ˵ˣҲûģǺúÿָĻͱֽİնҪǮģǣֻͣϣǿԺܶදһ룬Ϊʲôǻ䵽زйĴٲǸ߲֣Ϊ˻Ҳǵʩɡ


ֻһ˲롣
֪ΪΣܾöвЩԶ
ڣһźöӣʼ֡
˵꣬һ죬ͬʱ򿪣ΪǵɫܲãЩպǹصŶӣ֣ĲŰһҵ͵Ļͱֽûһǧһݵġ
ʵ۲档
õνĻֽһȺ˸طо
ĵһڻͱֽ˵ȫǴʵۡ
ǻ
ʵ۳˼ʣԭ
ȻһüͷҽüͷԽԽԾ˹Ȼıȵһֿʵ۵ַڱֽͻϣ˵˵˵Ҫʲô
ڿȷǣ֮ǰνҲǶ˸ù
ⶫǴİȫԺ󣬡˵ͣһ£ŻʵۣЩ֪Ļô˵
˵
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һȺλȨأµԽԽ׽ǶЩˡ
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Ժﲻ뵽ǸСѾͷƬ˵ıӦߣţ
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㻹š
㲻ҲǴҪһ𣿡ͷŲţʵѾºͣʴˡ
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ڣʮҲͲһµʱ䣬еķ紵ݶ϶֪

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һڵĻͱֽ֣һκ֮ǰЩͬϾİ˵ʵۺ󳼾Ƕ̫ңԶǵûжĹϵ
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ĺӶԵõɣѵĻԺڶѾгǧ
һǮҪ鱾īֽⶼǳ͢ṩģҪѧѣҪÑɳͬ͢ⰲŷٺ»ģļ·ס
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Щдʵ̫ˡ
߶߶ۿˣ˵Щϰգ֮ǰǺǹϵĻأ
ݵƤͷĺӣٿһɫЦݲãܻ飬ǵôĺÿôĺССĺһѾԼСʡ
رǿԺӵһʱ

쳣ܡ
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֣Ҳ̾˿Ȼ˸˾ʧˡ
ϰձͺܲˣһ̧ͷģѩһ׵ֽҹƮʶȥӣһãΪҲĲҰףΪǷڶһĲҰ֣ǰʱϸڶһõʲôʱܺʲôʲô·ģʲôװ׵ġ
Щʶ֮˺µǣһûбȫúúõġ
ΪЩֽйݣͥԼһЩܡ
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ʶֵ˻Ŀⲻؿݹֽ־ռЩʶ֮˵ģǸоԼϢǱġ
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ԣ˵˰ˣôɱ߻úúõġ
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ԼҲͰˣһɸĸ޶أ
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˶д𰸣ȴҼ롣
Ǳߵ˵߲ɸģҸո׶̾ǲ˵ɶǴʧ˵ֻ߲᲻⣿


191 
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ʳϵÿͥ, ÿˡ
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ﱾͻŵúܡ
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Щɫ׵øһ
͢Ӧ, һʱ˹ٱϰգдļ¼һ׮׮Ѫİֽȫռڼ׳ŵѯʣһ١

ô
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ֻǣ˵Щ˳ӵİһ뷨ûУǾǲܵġ
ʹڣñ˸󶴣ʱãƵԱߵƫϷĻʵڵ·ĻǱҲòȥ
ΪǸλöһ, ǰλûڡ
ǵıҲá
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ʱ򶼲ܴ󶯸ɸȥ顣
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192 
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, λ, 
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ڲһ
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׼һطȥ
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ʱ򣬵˸ܾÿ죬˶ñվڵϣ嶼ģĿضǴһ̣һǰߵͳǰӴҵ֪罹𣿻𣿡

ܾҧгݵ˵֡
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գ
ʧдɽǰ嵶ǱԷһ飬ʧؼʮ㹦ĹȻһ˿˿ۼû£Ƿϵ˼㣬ѵҪǴ
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ǳۣ
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û֮ǰǿʢϷļƻǲܳɹġ
ûЩ߲֣ǴҲͱһ㡣


193 
˵׻Ϊľ, ټĹŬ룬ֿ˿ʵ, ţλȻǺܴ, ҲûʲôĻӢϸǺôմ, 
һڴ²˰죬һ϶, ȻͬʱЩ٣Ŀ⼤, һ۾ܿó˷ܵĻʵۡ

ǰôûз, ôȱ㡣
ˡ
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Ҳ㣡
Ͷžݳ˷ѡ
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Ȼһ룬ȱҲܵŵ, ô
һȺ󳼵һһаٰҲܿɰ
Ȼ, ÿǱŵ, ĺ, ôһȺĵĳӣԼĵˣ, ôһ, Ǹɵӵʵ, ƺҲܵڵĳɾͣϾ벻һϵеشУʲô͡
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رڽҹҪҪΪеǧһ۵ʱ̣һȺ˵Ŀʵ̫ƻˣظɿǶ㣬޾ˣ
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ðɡ
ǳҲЩ
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ǿ϶û˵õ񱨣Щ嶼ǳǮ͢¶̲סţ̰ǮǶ֬࣬ȫ鳭Ž⣬ͳһȽϺá
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Ļʵ۴󳼳֣һ·д۾͵ɴˡ
Ž̻Ի͵Ļʹǵһ㣬۾ðŹ⣬IҪǻ֪ƣƿˮҪˣһϾ֣ˡ
糯һֱǷǳгġ
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ˡ
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ôһҹ֮ˡ
ɵɵؿǰ࣬ĹүЩһѡ
֪ܿˣûйϵӽǶǴİգ߲еͼ۵ʳԴԴϵ˹еĻԺҲУûеĽʿ̰ԺҲУΪһԱﻶӭһؼң
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ټҹǿŮڵһʱܣЦǿ޻ûб鶼пܻᱻҲ磬һҲ磬ϲҲǰС
ٱ翴ŴŻһȴТˣǧЦģȻмɵĿܻǻ촦

Ҫעĵطࡣ
ľİտ漤ֵĹүܸоǼĶһ

СĽסԼǧҪӰ죬һıӦĻпܻڵһʱ䱻ץţûйϵ˵žˣ˵Щ»᲻ᷢϣҪȷԺ֪
ʷǣ

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˭ѽ
вɡ
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ĮسҲܹڴΪ˲СĿһֻۣߺϣһɱŮΪ۾һͰλˣ˫ӣҲûʲôر𰡣ʵǶԷԹԾܣ˵ξֱӽӿٳģ˷ҪҲֲˡ

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ܾ

ı䲻ˡ
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ƵĵطܾȷʵǳϤЩܽг֡
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ֵĳ档
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˵ֱϴźɫĲ˵ţشС㣬̵
һֵĹأ˶æµš
һȵһ죬ͣ¶ԷŶӣԷ
ܿһΧһ𣬳ԵñǾжҪһЩ
ܿ͵ϣ˹Ǯؼҵ˽ŲɣϵôԣǺܿģǰٴӰϿġ
Ƶڣֻ
óϣǳΪ˴İպ󣬾Իñ֮ǰá
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ܾɴ۾ֺܲõԤС
Ȼһ̣ʵ۾ͳܾң

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ΪҾͻͶ𣿡
ܣ
ܾ
ʵ۵Ļվ˺
ͬվЦݳΪеİܾԼȥҪȫģİǣҶţǣµıУмڵǻؼңƾʲôһȥȫһӢ񾭲֪򲻹Ҫȥ˵ˣҶǳ͢£ǸʵһЩأǣ𣿡
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ôֵ֪µıԸ⣬ƾʲô
ܾЦֱץסص㡣
Ȼ
֪صʵ壬ء
ܺãǴģԼģԼ֡
ܾ㲻Ҫˣʲô
ɣ
Ҳ԰ﲢûзϣǸͨʱ򲻹жʿȥҶš
ãһЩڱ߽ѵɹ
ȻĻ˵
֪ǺҪ
ͬ˽Ҫġ
ܾʱѾ侲
ʲôְ
˻֡
ܾԥڿ̫ˣԺַһԼļˣҫΪսǣҲܽܵġ
ԡ
ϲ̣Ҫ
ղ̣ǻϣϣʱʧԽԽࡣ
Ψһ֧ҲֻĽʿ
ϾͷĸֶϰھжûУҲľ󲿷ֵʿԼǡ
ŶСסôһƵܾʲôı
Ȼ󣬶һ࣬ûѡŶǲӦĻŲ뿪Ժ˴ӿͶըĴȫըʿʱǴ𣡡


194 
ܾ
ͺ
޿ֵģķǳǷ, ԺһðԼĵֱŪͷ
Цеؿˣ֪ǲܵ, ı£ҲĴۣ˵ͣһ, 󽫾, ֻһƽߣӦø˳ң, ĥ÷ⷢҪţľѾˡ
ܾ
˵ʵϣʹʹشһ
Ӯˡ
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ȰԼҺӻؼҵĻ治ϵڳ֡
ȵܾ֪ʱֻҧأĬĬؿգ;ٴӿͷ
ΪĴ󽫾ʲô˹صЩĶĵĻ涼첻
ٿȫûж־żˣЩ̣ЩѾĨʿһ˶ؼҵͷֻھеĹأ±ͷ˵ѡ

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Ĭ˺þãŽڲмѧУʦҪѧϰ鼮ó˹ȥ, , ı֪ģֻǣĺͨвͬ, ǰԺµĹأѧУҪͨԲ¼ȡԵݾ⼸顣
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Ϊ׵ʾЩġ
ȻǸӱеĺѹͲҪ˵ͬ飬ܾĿǽһѧϰҲãչÿ춼ܾ
ʽΪͽܣټŮвмԺһѵĺӣÿæǽһɿ
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һӺһȺ˽ͬʱ뿪飬Ȼ󣬾ٽϣİ´жһһˡ


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