ѧбȫ
: Ĭ
:
רԤա񡷡ȵղѽ
պյѧо֢ԴѪbuffĿǧֻлñǿҸ
ĸֻмǧĸ硢ͷЦϷŪÿűָǧͻȻŻѪͣɵ
յصĴڽյɹʾ󣬶ϵͳһЦ⣿
ҵĿҪ롣
ϵͳ
ǧֱƽ̨˸ѧֱ䣬ƾһųܽ֡ѧ
ʼѣʲô
֮ѣԲۣɰɣҪɱŮЭٷ˿شѵ㡢ԤԼشֺʮ
ȫ˶˺ŵºŻɡҲвٺӱQоͲÿֻôˣ
ֱع⣬ڲֱ
θڣ꣬˺üβΣ֪ͨ飬ÿֱҪѪ
ȫ뱯ʹй¶ȻдۣҹΪǲʧȥ㣡
⵽ȫ͸ѹּ˿šֱŻѪ޻ں
ϵͳһȭȥ¥ҪûΪʲôѪ
СⲻΪ˲裿
ðɣ滰һСҪˣѪֻģ׽ٵ⣡⣡
ȫأӴܶ죡
үүķ˿ҶҲڶֱأ
ѧxùȮܲ
Ps.ǰŮ没Ҳǿ
ѧݴϹ֢࣬ǳѧǴͳѧ
¼룡ˬķǳ߼
ݱǩ ϵͳ  ˬ ѧ
ؼ֣ǣ˳  ǣ  
һ仰飺ѧнŻѪ
⣺ۺʱܷϣ
VIPǿƽ£ѧʧܣо֢ĺǧϣܽ˸һֵϵͳӵһֱʼ磬޹¶ڰ񣬴ӱɵСһϵо춯صĴ£Ҳһ˳ݡηĻɣٴηĻԵľգͨԸǿ˹һδεֱչһʤĹ£ĳֵƼ


1 
ʫʲô˺һ˶ʮɶ£ԽֻǸ
ּҵ̫̫ıԼŮ۵ؿ׵֣Ůʧ
裬ˡʫû°ɣ
׸翴ҲûһֻۣüͷԸӶ˸Ͻҽҩ
ҸղŶˡ㡭ǿɳܵΪ֪
ָᯰһдЩ͡ϻϼҾƻᣬϼǧڳŪ˼ҵһŶǮ˵ּҳࡣ
ղţ¥ϿǷʫ飬ڻҪѣ
ָʵЩͷۣôͻѺӱء
ŮǻˣɼķΧҲ֡ţĸڹ˾Ҫļ
ּСÿǰɫ԰סġ㡱͵͵˸ۣȴͻȻۡһ
ּˣںĻļǧʫһ̶ɴ˫ۣŵؿǰŮ³Ѫؿֱӵȥ
ǧų衷
ϵͳ˸ղŷ飬֣ظڲϵ㴩ˡ
ǧСʱĸŰδֳɴ򹤣͵θǰ±ȷθڣꡣѹǧһֱţֱʧȥ
ϵͳϣجģȻӵػһεĻᣬҲֻٳһµʱ䡣
ֻлǿҵĸֵܶһֵΪԼ
ʧû뵽ԼȻһߺԼͬͬյŮϣ˹Ѫڡ
ŮϸѪɫü΢΢ŴŨصɫͲ˫ˮʰ۾ϵԽŨأʵҼ
ۣƽʧġǡҽŵΧڲΧ˺ۿᡣ
΢΢죬ƺҪ˵ְְ֡˶ս
ǰ鷢Ϊ֮ǰʹˮʪˣֽһ촽͵ٴŻѪɫʺѪҺǻһ˲ӿּϣǳɵˣ
ҽŻѪˣ
ǸϽȥ˵˲ô˽
̸ҩˮùȥȸֹѪ
ϳ¹ڳ߸ϵּ˴˿վҽԺ϶㱡״̬ήҡ
СʱǰһᷳġʧϲŮ//㣬ۿѪءһߣٴŻѪȺھˡ
úõһˣôôѪأ
ոաҽ˵θ
Ľɷ֣ŵСѯϣԷԼˡ
ŮҲ۵ģֻżŮ㡣ɡô͵˰֢ڣ
裬ҽ˵Ūˣһ磿
Ÿ߶װֺüͷһЩơ
ʲô磬˼ƭǣ
ӵĻ͵һ˲ȥȷʵעбôҽԺ١
ʵͽģʵǸСҪѣ˭֪ʲô
ּСֻҧҧ촽ͻȻżôһ䡣ײõصһۣ׽㣬˵ʲô
վһԵʫ׽ɫ΢ּҵеֹʵûе˵岻̫ãǲǴǰõĻ΢΢ѹ¸ղͷ𾪺ϲǿҵ𣺡ôֲأҸողӦ
ôܹ㣬Ҷ֪ңҲˡ
ֺѿڶϰԵؾҪάԼС赽һǰ֪ûѪԵϵá
ָ᯵֪⻰ûȴǱʲôһ¡
ʫС͸֪ģȣ⻰Ŷӵ̬ͻȻ;ò̫
ҽͻʿæ鿴ͬʱҲյϵͳʾϲֵָ60+ֵ50+ֵֺ30+ֵֻ30+ֵ졣
ܵɵؾʹǷβࡢһʹͷٴβܿƵð亹ƫƫʱϵͳ˶̻ϲԶ죬ٽ
ͻȻϮľ޴ʹûжҡ־ϵͳʾһӦ̲סһ⣿
֢ڡõѪ˼߰ݺҲŸŮǡҼأ
ϵͳֵԭϡƷȻ٣ǧԴͻıڵľ֢Ҫ˵ֵ£ӰѾܻȥģ
ҽһνΣֹͣѪڲ۲İԼϤ壬ֳĳִδйļ˸ղϵͳǾ仰ϡƷǵֵô𣿡
ϵͳ
ϵͳķڲϵ۾Ȼ̧ڿƺ˸ʲôĴ΢΢һֻҽԼһһͳĲֳһ͸Ӱ
ӰԽԽȻ벡ϵһģһò
ԺеϵͳЩ٣жп˸ʲô𣿣
䣬ҲϣɹѧšУȳԷճġƽͣʶ𣿽һ£λȥġ
ϵͳһ:ʲʲô


2 
ϵͳϲֵ300+ֵ죡
ϵͳʲôǣΪʲôйṩôֵ
趨õĳرõֵֻޱȼң
ģģ֪ԼѾˣǱԼŮͷһʱŪǰʲô
иԼڿԼ
Գ͵ġǧ𡱺۾Ҷ࿴ϵͳ𪵽͸ƤһźѪɫĴĵȺشǵʡ
ȷʵѾˣҵΪĳֲ֪ԵɽڣҽĻٻءѾҪͶ̥ҺǩԼԹĴͣ䣿
ܵϵͳееĿ־壬ִһȻش𣺡йԷһ򵥵𣿡
ּ˲ǿ˱Ѫ֢Լһֻأֵ
Ṵǣ˳ʮɤġһԼϵͳ
ˣǲǽȡҵ߸ӵпԸͨѰֶΡôС涼û
ֱӸֵ飬ǴǰҲ޷쵽顣
ϵͳ۵һͿˣԸ߿ƼĲǾתƣֻƮڿСͺܿµĹõĲһ֪
ͷ˼ŶԷеĸ߿ƼʣġС˸ղ⡣
ҲͶ̥ˡ
ŮԺ֮Լʮľͱ͸Ĳҡҡͷ
ʱһһͳϵڿһ㣬򵥶Ķ䲡˶ݵ͡һǿԭĴųĳĸı䡣
ոճΪġҲȻоԼǰ˶˿ȴ̵ӣ궼ʵ٣˼Ǳֹ࣬ڹֵ֪ʶҲʱԼˡ
ȷԼĳ˹ȴ磬˸Ĺġһĵǰл
лл㣬ҷѾˣҲûáֻǡҵθڣ˼ˣʵڱǸ
ϵ΢΢һȻüû˵ʲôֻһֻԷǽҽ𣿡
û뵽ڷ֮ǰһν磬Լϵͬͬսɫϡ
ҶѾˣͲˡ
ʫ黭⣬һǽõ֡ʫֲҵģ˸ȡҲҪˡ
ƮڿеĹȻȴͷ­Ҳˣʲô඼ٳˡǰиʦǶõˣҽһգСԬɡ
пڲϴص˵ͷõģСԬ
СԬ֪ʲô취Ҳ繵ָͨ˻ܾܵø֪ң
°ͣڷʡ
ϵͳһһĶԻͳЩ٣̲ס𣺡찡
°ͣȴĸȤظһ飺죿
Ȼϵͳ̱졣ԣѵݣӦּҺúסȥּͨԼܱ˵ĸֵôӣ˲Ԥķ򣡣
ʲôģ϶ҲǿЦİɣ
ֻǻٹأء
ļע㣬ԺҪôӿκʱֵ֪ͨ໤ʿҽ
ʩ˵ʱȶˣҽҲ˳֣صѼ
ҽŮġθ𣿡
ĺۿŮţڵõҽȷϵĴ𸴺˲ݶȻȥȥ
ҽ̧̧۾ǰλǸԣ˼ҵļ˵İϸѾɢλʱӦѾʳɵЩ̫⡣ѵ߿һ쳣
ҽҲûж£ֻ̾˿˳ȥ
ҽ˵ҪһԽȥ̫ˣ⡢ʫҲɡ
ָ᯽Ų˶٣ſڽסŮ
ֻЩŤû˵ʲôѵðȵϡ
ʫһ˿ֺܿ컷סСõֱۣɶԼĸ˵ͷãҺС棬Щٽȥ
ֺ죬˵һϻҽĶûڷ
ڲΧѪɫѰ˶ҪݵԼű͵ҽԺж۵׺µٶЩ˵ֻǾ÷Щ䣬ֵķ粻֪Ķ˺ëֱ
᯲ָ̫ϰߵŮôѲܡ
ĸ׺Ĩ΢۽˵⺢Ϊʲô˶ǽ
ƽ⼸ˣƮߵ֡СԬ
ƺΪֳıػЩġСԬԭֻԼ˾ܵõļ˵ĹػѾˣõҲû塣
ʵЩ̡
ԭСԬԼٿǻǻʹ̰֪ǲǳ˱ǩԼĹӰ죬˲٣ֻЩϵƽ
˵Ϳ岻ԽԽݡɫѿӱܳԷûһ˿𣿡
ûСԬعոŴ⣬Ҳûŵġˡ˵ͬǵĵһ仰
ﺬĺ²۾ˣҲһһסŮԣѩ׵СֻܴЩǺʪͺĵڳǣƫƫǻ濴ԷǲǹģҲͬǰһվڳĽǶȷѵһӾǼưˡ
ǣǡ֮ǰʹ㣬˵ôҲù㣬Ǿġ
˵þͲá
ſ޵ؿĸס̲סṴǣı⡣
ְְ֡衢ִ磺
ֺӱЩ䣬ΪԼҵĽӰ˺һǰһӴ٣ȻҲûʲô顣ȻҲЩΪеϧôˣϰԾҪѵôôͰ˵
ڿԷ۾ʱ֪ô˵ڵĻûƽôӲˡ
㡪Ҫ˭Ҳ뷢˵Щ˰ġ
᯳ָģҶټҽԺˡǮְһ㣡
ҲӣסŮֲȥŮصԼŮĺӣӽ쿪ʼչ㣬ÿ춼òá
ȴݿܵس֣ǰˣ㲻νԲһ롣
ָᯡġֺͬʱͬʲô
ϵͳ͹״̬СԬҲŴУоʲôҪ˰ɵģ
˵ע£Ҫ졣
ڳˡͳ
л˵
ǰ¿һȣܿ


3 
ֱ֣˶Ѿθˣ֪ʲôĸҳʱʹŻ¡ѡŻѪ֢״֢ԼתθΧ٣ֲ֢ǾȻֱܲǷ𣿡
ҽ̲סδ˼׵
αͻ˶ãôܸʲôֱ
ǰͲŮ
ּ˶ߵҽҲеκίǰû뵱£ƫƫ˵ΨһҪ󣬰ǰıʼǱùͺá
Ҳ֪ԼôˣȫʹһڴӦ
⼸ͼһͽͣ
ָ᯺þûôˣʵӵؾþòƽһǾø׵ϲô췴ڣһҲ£ŮǰһԸǲǸ
ոգͨϵˣõȴǶθûʲôЧ취Ĵ𸴡Ҳǳź֪ȷŮĻ˶ˡ
һŮһ춼ðѪʧõĹҪٴʧȥԶʧȥĿ޵ĺżѪĳزΪʲôѾ֢ˣȫûһ֡
ǲǡԼӡӻСŮƽʱ̫ˣǲһЩˣ
᯲ָҶ룬ϽЩͷӳӡ
˼Ҷһģƽô⡢Ҫæ˼ʹϵҪάһҲõ˭ᷢ飡
˵ףŮԼû㷢ֺ˵
Ƿ𣡾ӻ뵱
ֻѿڶֱĸ׸ײѻ˻ȥ
ʱ˿̣Щܽˡӡ˰֢ڣ˶õʵ֮ǰǺͻȻһν׽㣬ɴû뵽Ͼͻ
ʫе˿һͻԭǸּҶС㣬һжָǰӡ쳤ۣô˰֢ڣƾּǮҲȲ
Ǹ˵ʲôȫȡ裬ʫͲѾĹ⡢˶ªģȥ
˳õ˵ԣ׼ʼҵ
ڵܼҵģ㻹ûþҪˡͨĸֵܵͺܵ͵ģһ˶ֵҪùڵĸֵѶֻȶԸּ˸Ŷ
ϵͳĵȰͷǰûãԼҪΪڶƮˣǲ֪Ʈܼܲ
СԬҲΧڴߣŶԷͷƺֳ亹һֻڸ̾ԼǰʹĵҪǶʱ䣬ӸеǸԲ𰡣ʵ̫ˡҳҲÿܲرڡ
ÿ𣿡
һԵĺĸ˾ӹǰм񣬸˵ĸоȴȻͬƼſСûбҲԹһģյصҲͦÿġ
С׻ߣϱӻûأе档
ţŰ֢ʹرձʼǱԴͷȻͦÿ˲ֵԷͰŻ
Zߵֱվǧֱƽ̨ӭһϵͳİµ½˺ţܿ쿪ʼĵһֱ
ͷдš֪⣬ѧֱԵˡֱ䣬ϵͳСԬԼ·ֱֵѶ̲סĬ룬װXкжô£
ȿȣǧҪʦδ
һôǺŪͷͷ
ֱۣƣǻɰô󡣡
ǲơ˵һ㶼ܸɶ
ĵһ˼ڣ浫ݵؿ󣺡һֱû豸ʲôʵ֡
ϣ˵һĺŮΪᡣԲѵʱʧˣһСжٱ£ġ
ҵ𣿡
ۿŲٹ·Ѷ˳ȥ˷󣬲ڹƬ˷ƬʣСèֻҲ̲סЦˡˣⲻͦİӦԶ
ƬǰգһѾǣ
ɿĲڣͫһ˲õģɡ
Сȵķ˿ҵֱ䣬öӱQ˵ԼĻƬû뵽ѡСȼЩֽ˿϶ϳˡ
ҼҸ˵û
ĸͷָеʹȴȵͬһֱһ㣬˳˷ص199619ˣҾпɣжСܳ谮ʱһ֮٣ɥʮϹˣд;Դ˲ƸⲻϾ£ڼпȴŴڹؼʱתΣΪ
⣿òŰٶȰٿƶİɡ˶Ľ̫⣬ԭͶӦԶûʲôøУΪһֻû˼
СһʼͬΪȻʲôһѵ棬ǰȴ̲ס¶˾֮ɫ
ӦԶҷۣ֪ӦԶһֱرлʱһʦȥǣ˵·һ˲֪Ҳȫ鲻
ˮ飬ûһ¼һСȥӻ׶ĳվģ˵ӦԶ˵ʱһԼСʱǺˮû
ʲôԼѲˣ
û˼ˡ
ϸԶ᲻ҵʸ߷塣ʵڲУ˵ԶСʲôҲܽܣ˭ںǮǩתҲԸġ
ȻĻȻͣסˣǹθһ㡣С̲סҪִߴٵʱڣ赭дͬһëɦģڣĵڶν١
ȴԼµʳ
СȾˣʲô˼
Χ۵ҲȤе˼˵ż⣿
ʪһۣĿ⣬ǷϵĺɫӣҿѾ챻ɴܿԨ𡣡
ڸڹʱĸü̱Ҫչ¶ǰ
СûעݽĽ֮УֱԾסĺͻȻŻعֱŭˣֱӸ˸䣿
ǲҼҵĺڷ۰ô˵أ
ţ׼׼ֱҪˡ
ۣܶⲨȶȡľ籾
ؽζϲ֣
ûṫϵĸۣİϸѾθ٣ʱ޿̶ڷѹϵͳ˵ֻٻһ¡
ǣضֱĹ˵˾䣺ˣͲ´μ
ֱ²ֱرա
һȺߴߴ˵Ѻ˵Сּŭһ˿ԼŵĿֻš
ͬʱһԵĺĺֻⶼӵؿŻ˿ѪæͬʱǱ鸴ӡԱ
롭װŪٴʦ˵Ϲ
ôһ´ľ֢ԵһĻĺΥͰǲ۶޿ڣ
ҪôԼּұŮôԼĲװûͦ


4 
ϵͳϲöʮλѹƸֵ10+úĸֵ3+ʫֵ2+һֵֵδһ죬ݲһ
ʱ˷ϣӲãԼҺ𣿡
ֻⷭ˸ۣһ²Ϊ׷ʱгˣȦȻİиϵĹӦԶȦ֪ţ˲ǮԼҲѡ϶˵һЩϺͰԣɻǵһ ֲ
ҲĶ˵ĻϰǺ
⣬ú˵
ȻҲԼŮӺ˵⣬ɿŲ󡢲ҵĲٲҵѵöƽˮ
ҲûпƵû֪ɵģϹ࡭ϹɣҲû˻Ը
û⣬Ӳ̫ã۾ҲС
ʫ飬ֱӼ˸ո׼ּСŭ
˵ʲôأӱˣѧû5.0
ֻⱻǰͻȻĻŪƢʲô׽ֻиƾһؼ֮ǰǸͨͨײ㡣
Ǯ˼ҵĹءǰ㲻ϲ̨棬ڸǧȦ˺óһʱЦˣ
Ҹ߿ߣֻмȥ飬ûСҵԭҲܺãҪ׬ǮԼҪʫİֺ͵ܵܲűġ
ԹڲߵСԬǾȣЩ֪롣
û뵽оȻ֪ô飬ά˼˵ֻҪ㣡
ֻ⣺
ûӣǱ˵ĸСˣתôܸ߿ߣ
ңͱ˵ôģѪԺ󡭡ʦͨվڵƸߵװȡͬ飬˵ôõ
˻Ҫ˳ٽŪȦ
ⲻ仰ֻƿԣɫףظսŵָҰֺ㱡
ȥɣϢһ¡
ߺĺֻ⣬ͿСԬƮڿգۿĺῴࡢй˵ô
СԬʼʵǲһŤģŴԼ壬ǰҲļ˵Ҳȫ˶Է
СԬܿ͸ı뷨
ޱȡͺĹȻŷιʦȴ为
ŶԷطԵɡעԼͬļܹɵĿСԬ⹦ܱǰõκζҪ
죬żҲڲƮûдʿҽۡθڵĲÿ춼ܵ޴ĥǻûûٿӲʹġһز˶ιȥˣȴûˣֱ޷־жǿ
ٿŴжּ˵ΣȴΪ챿˵ĻжּһĮͨԼ֮벻Ժּ˵ּ˶СģСԬȻҡҡͷ
͸˳Լ飬ν˲Ǳᣡ
ԺҲ
СԬ֣ԼյĵһСƮĹԴһ̵ĹĽȡ
ǰʶٶĹޣҲйǵĹĵá
СԬܿԹԸߴŵ˼ڵõԷĽһۺ󣬱㿪ȥѧϰȥˡ
ϵͳԭĺѾȥеģ
ԽԽûأ
ߣǻ˵Ҳаǰࡢ¹СԬܸɶأ
ܵСȲ֪һһͳ֮ӶղŵĻ
һԼСԷǴǰԼ̵Ƕ̵ĺӣһ̲סɡ
ڷ˿ȺСĵһղŷ£˵Լһ˵ԼῴˣöԷæ̵ƬԷ˵ҵÿҪ٣ɫйء
ʲôƬȥõ˥
׵ҲţʲôƷ㲻֪ƽŮӶ׽
ŽãʲôĶƭ˵ģ˼ҰͲϸǺأ
Ⱥв˿˵ǲ׼ģ˳ü˿ת˺ˡȥùĸ
СȲȺԪϣȺҲûʲô˽Щ˵ûôǸӡȥпܣСҲٶ˵ˡ
ּұʫԼķŸոֱĻҲšǾԼˣɴ෢裬ϺΪ
С˸IPĹȻע˸Сţٱֱ䣬ɬ/塢/թƭ Ȩԭһᣬѡ˸ɣ̰ˡɿֲۣ˳˾ٱ档
ٱҲһʲôã硪һ֮
ʫ˼Ƭ̣ע˼֪罻ƽ̨СϰղŵĻȥ˵иѧӦԶϾҪ£ĻǴ£ȻǮˮϢɢ
Ҫ»ؿֱͱ˿ٴѪأؾͲҪȻˡ
ӦԶߣȻоһ̲ס˸ûطԸѿյߵ㡣
Ϊ˧ǰ;İ⼸ŮӲҪ̫ࡣӦԶҲһʼĽܵԽԽ˼ɡ
ʲôŮɫûа鲻ǹ˾˿衣
ȷʵЩˡһεŮ˵ĺӣ˺ܾõĸǧлĵȥҹͺüŮ׵ƬҪǮ
˵˶ٴΣ㡢㣡ǲ
ǰҸոѹ˵ˣƵźƷƳµϢֳһҿԼ̫ˣ
յҪǮڵĶţ޺޵ذһֱԼĲҵ˵ϡ
ô๤ʾɻģۻЦΪԼһ㣡˵ЩҲķϻôô
ӦԶῡªֱƻÿƤңȫǴȥֻ
ѾȥƽǸŮ͹ˣҵĴүҲЩ
ûӦ£湲ͬ壬ô죿
йǷϢ˵ͻȻˮԶ˵ĻֵֹʲôѧԤ⡭Ҫ
һӦԶеˮСˤ˵ϣһصĲ
üͷĸԼҸ飬ô·ƣ
桤ѧ ١Լҡô·Լ˺ܳǾʱȶһСĿ꣺Ϊ˺С졣
΢ӵһǧ˿֪ӦԶ


5 
˵503Ǹô˻ҪԲԼʲôģ
סˡҪֱҲȱǮѽֻˡ
ǰ죬ΪθѪٴԺǧֱƽ̨ܲá˳ʿ˽µ죬û˵
ᣬȻӵ˵롭
δĳ棬֪Է˭ֱʲôݣѾԴ˲Щĺ档
˼̸ܸǸ˵ֱֽʲô𣿡
˳ⷢЩ죬òѯʡ
ʿû뵽챻ˣź֮תͷһţⲻǸһʱҪҽԺĹܣ
ǵҲֱ˾
ǲֱӰѲ˵ֱӸ߱Ļߣֻµذ⴫顣ȥֿ֧ȥʲ˼ԸԸ͸¶
˳ԥƬ̣503ſڣûòƺѾʼֱˡ
ۣѧֱĻǱģǵʿǺѽ
Сĵģ
¹ĹںطԣȻֱ˻٣ѾвٵĻˣ
Ǻǣڸҳ˰ȶͦİɣ
Ѿٱֶ񶾡ɵ桢ĵƭӾ͸ñץ
ľͨ԰ɣ˭ģǴ󲿶û̸ǹˣ
ļùİࡢ桢ȥɣ
ѧȤ·˹ڶЩˣʲô£ôôӣ
ʫ͵͵עֱ䣬ϲˣֱ̽䡣
ĻϵġȷѪꡱǿЩ˶һܵȫԹǱ˳һ㣬ԽԽʹ죬˵ĻЩ˵˳
ֱһӾӿһٺˣĸʡԵͶ⡣ֱȶҲʼǣ
ֱһû»𣬵ǳ˺ںζ
ϵͳЩˣûһµ
Щиֵ𣿡
ϵͳڼ㣬ֵֵ̫СǻܿͿԶһ
ϵͳҪϵͳҳ֣عȰ𲡷ĳƮŵĴڣֽ˵ݡ
ʲôСҲ⣡ͼͣСͳ
оĳͳ̬ȣǳعһ󻡶ֺܿʧ
ֱڿʼ
ͣһ£˶û뵽ôǿ˵״̬ȵĲУ㱻ŵļ
װģһװģ
⣬ֻʺؿǰԼЩˣССԹϸ벻ͨ
ôֱǶ٣Ҫȥ֧
ô˺
˳ӱ鸴ӵŮɹõֱţȴû뵽ֻһֱͿ֮ĳá뱩Ĺ
ԭΪ쿴ĳ˵ƬԷҵΪɫŶתֱ£˽۷˳ȥ˲ٷ˿ֱָ˵
ѾȷǸûһôؿŵĻˢ˶ַᣬҲ׼ҵ˷ԼϢһˡ
ԶԶèèԵǽұһ㡣
ֱĻһطſڹϴб¾һѾ˽ķ˿Ƿ׷ڷ˿Ⱥ@èèòԼָ˰ɣ
ôҶȷʵԼʵϢΪҪ˺ƭӵĿ
Ƭʱһ˵浱Լˣ
ô󣬻ûʲôµĴɣЩͷһѵνɡҲûֶ̫ΣֵõϺ˵Сӣ
пգһ档
ǲ˼ѾˣɤƺȸոʱֱһЩ˷Ŵ˷Բ
ϲҵʵǸꡢӡ
ڶˣƻŽغò֣ʻ֮ȴҲŸֵļ棬Σķ
ú˺زĸ硢˰ĵܵãܿͻ֣ᷢҪİΨԼ
׼׼Ͻ˵Щ˵ıˢˣ
Թ·˶ܺ׼׼
ֻĻǰüֺܿɿ
ǰ벿˵Ļ׼ļͥԸ񡢹˵ˣɵܵʲôȻµİɡ
ĸ˼ûݺͳǮıѣôﶼгţôֻԼ
λֻ֪ȼǮȷʵǸܽꡢе㼱ķ˿Щɵۣеܵ
ҿҸòļͥǴ꣬ױһ켴
ͳ˵һƶ񶾵ĻǹϵȻô˵Уƽ֮Ǵ˹ɵı֮⡣
ֱ˽Լͼﶼشʣѻ죿
˵𣬱˸Ͻ֤һ°
˿ͨǳµģûȵèèַǿһȦš֡˳
жɣʲôأǶŮĵܵã
һӡã鶼û٣װŪ±˰ɣЦˣ
⻰һֱը˲ˣ˵˼´ˣԷûеܵã
⼸Ԫʶˣ˳ˣ
ӡã鶼û٣ѧֱ仹˺ֱ䰡
Χ۵ŹȻʮѧֱʮ٣ҲмʶĻ֡
ּǸһ׶ŮסԺϢȦͦ˶˵ˡϾȻּұַ֮ܺһҽԺܣϵҽϢȥ·һġǧ𡱻Ĳᣡ
Ȧĸүǧ󶼿ôҲûȥҽԺ̽Ҳ͵ôһ죬̾ˡ
ֱһϢҽԺʲôֱװʦ
СȺ﷢ϢһЦ˸ۣС󡣡
ոշԵϼǧʫġۡ
Ϊ˰ʫ顰ҲҵӣߥȦһ棬ǰûոԼϷŪ˶Էһ˵һҪǸ
죬˵˲˾ʫ顣ʫ⡱סҽԺҪϸʲôѧֱ˼Ȥ
뿴ҪŪʲôЦ
Ȼ˵Сǽͷֱȵ飬ܿ˳
һԵĺƳĵĻҪȥס죬˼ֱ졢裬ôҪ˼Ķô
ôѣҪǱϳǼҵͶˣ
֪ļǧ𿴵Ц䣬Ҳٿû˼ֱ䣬˳ȥ
ĿһĻĹ˳ٴü߽˸绰ڽԼһЩ໰ûͬһʱܵ˲֪ﴵһ磬ͷƤ飬ιͷԼ˺ôˣ
ͻȻ䡪
ԲԲԲۣˣȥ΢ӦԶˣ
΢ȶһֱǣʵδ꣬˻ҪǿŮӴ
ͷȻһûԤ׵ԽԽ죬˵һ仰:һҸ桪ıºۼؿǰ



6 
΢ѾըˣһŮ˳ĺͶͼƬӦԶʶ/˵ϲʵŪ֪вɹԱвҪǿƴȥ/̥˵Ҫȫ
ӦԶеķ˿ȺƷˣ·ҲڷԹϡ
ԭ˵ԼиܵĪĺл浽΢걬߷ݺɴ˫ۣɫĪ⡣
ôǿ϶ûʲôµġ
ɲ֪ôģһһ䶼һʣǰδеĻң˲ԼСǽͷǱˡ궯ظͣ
Ǹı£ԥΣȹʹظȥ˵绰
µǽֱֻ߬¶ĽźͿֻţ裬Ͱְ֡ôѽ
ҡҽи˵˵иܵܺáǶŮ˵ЦЦ
˵;ԼǷˣôǸϲ̨ĻȻɵԼְͷϣ
˭ֻ֪ͷȵ仰ֱӳĬˣ˺ü˭˵ģ
費ѰͷһȰհ˵ҡ˵ģ˵һزĸ磬ҵ˵ĵܵܺã
⿴ֻʾֱȶȲǵĹ˼ţƺЩһ㡣
ţŴ촽ΪողѪԵЩ޵ðţֱҪ༸άԼ֪ƻ𣿡
ϵŮŲŷЩʤµζؾԼѩһƤɫƴСŨصĲҲڸǲµòͶصʡ
˳뵽زղűôֻһͷֱҵķΧȻڼĽռ䡣
ˡܣ
ոգֻûϳˣȴ˳
˳ϼܲã׶ȦֿȵĶȨߣ۰ڣ²ҵ
˽ֵص㣺һǲ˼ĳǿǲ˼ġ
Լǰİӣһ˫ڵ۾ףѵڡ
ǲС;⣬ܻײֵù£ССǼҳ㷹ȺеҪ˱ض㣬鵫Щ©ͱضҪ⣬׳ơù
û뵽ŮȻʶܣֻô˵ģ
ôίһ㰡
ﱻ˳˼䵹ùĹüƬ˲ƽ
֪˲٣ȻҪҵǰʶҲϡ档
̫̫á
Ĺ˳Ȼֻĳƻϼһۣȴ̺ݡ
ܶȷʵ˵ôֻһû˸ֱ˵ÿʱÿ̶ڷŸֵָ飬ҪһЩ˽ܱѡĽЩ鿴棬ʼȻ0Ǻ
ÿ춼ᵹùĹ侲ط˶⣬мʮ˵ˣʮڷ֮һĸʣһнпܡ
ðţƽ̨ƳּƻѡǱֱع⣬ҲṩרŵݷĽѧָ
Ȼ󣬹˳ظôύϿѡʡ
ڲϰûȥ̡
˵ʵ֣ŨصڸǾҲ塣ֻԼЩ˵˥ȴҲ˵áù˲ȴ־õõĽڵطϡϵطڣǰһôҲû
˵˾Եȡʿǡϵĺһ˽׼Һ
˽һûس߰áкܶͣȤ𣿡
ƸͦϵĽ˿۾شͳĻ͸СڰáֻΪĳϢԴǴ˵Уȫ²߻ֱݡ
ҡҡͷС֣ƽ˵ʵֻǶġ
˳ûۻȰ棬ֻؿ۲ϵŮ
ҲôֱػؿŹ˳ʾƺ׼뿪ȻһŰֽϿػ˼µݸ
ҪԺҡףܶˡ
˳˿˺ŤŤСֽһ֣˫
ˣҲû˸ǰνʵҲųףˣϾףǡ
ԼĸװڲȫϵΪȫ򶥼ˮ׼רݣܼע׼ҽԺص˾
򿪵ϵͳ滮·ߣֻҪ㹻רעʱ۲·Ҳǻػ³ҿ·˶ѣжԶȵͻȻͣˡĪê˾ʧҪСĶࡣ
ϵǣŵһ·ھ̵ơ
˳ųϴǰʵʱ·ı棬·Ͼȫɫͨ
Ѿֵ÷зƽ˾ȦֱӱӦԶռ˶ͷѵһǳԹ϶Էˡ
ŮƺҲǻȥˣóĽӦԶ֮ÿһÿһ׮д˳֮ǰ¼ѵϢƵƬеҽ֤ҲųƬ
ӦԶߵŶӷϵŮҪ쳷أɶԷȫûᡣ
ӦԶĹŶͬһʱҲڷţˮڷ˿Ⱥһ罻ƽ̨ͼŤתۡ
˵жԼףܶƬpģα졣˾ͨĹ죬pͼҲò֮ʵԵ֤ݡ
ŶҲټһЩȽͺķ˿ϣǱ̬ʱԶĶӦӡġݺ
Ů΢ѸݣԵ¸ֵĳԹϺͷ˿ҲûٷϢ
˻ıӦԶŶӵĹֶŪЩϡͿˡ
ǿܶŶ˵ŮǸ뼷Ȧ̲裬ʸˡĻǸ㵽˵ϵʽǸ¶ƭȡͬ飬¡֮ػĻʵҸ֪ŮľǸҹ꿧Ļ满
֪ġƬԼԳʶ˵ġԡþԽ
˵ǲģӦԶ˵Ʒô
ڴҸִһʣŮ΢Ȼó˲ƬȴܴӦԶһôӵ顣֤ݲӲĲ
ȻгԹ쿴Сԣ˵иѧ˵ӦԶҵҪ군
ֱ˺ƳʫˮϢֻǼѣȴĦ˹ѵĴ̽ǿҵĳԹ
ܿ죬ֱͱϣõСΧĴ
е񰡣˵Ҫ꣬̾ͳ£
Укܶ˸ЩģѺҪҪ¡Ҫģ˵һȶˣ
ʲôʱʱֱϽ»ôչ
յ˷ӿĸֵȻֵСϵͳͳʼϽԼ
յֵ2000+һֵ30죡

Σԭת
гϣ
ڵ״̬ƽȣ
ʱ䣬ָĴѰרң˶˲ٰ׷ڵ˹θҽŶӸȷӻ߲鷢չӳһЩ
ɹֻǺչλҪһ۲졣
Ͼ֯ûȫ֮ǰѾ˷תơתƣҲֻ˵ڣֻܻܿԼ컯
ҽ߳ңĻ߼һ䡣
ԣ廹ǳϵ˳
ϵͳĺϢ̽Լڲѵÿ˿ϵͳ·߲
ϵͳ˲伤Ѿȫ˵ʱԼֻ̲סش趨
ҽתȦȦѧСԬ˸ƨٺ٣ҷɣ
ûȥ˵Ĵй¶ʲôϢСȻЩҲмֿɰ
Ѫ˿ָ᯺ͺĿűƳûüоôͿۣ޲ظ֪
ȻҪֱҽ豸׼á
ּˣ
һԵĻʿҽ˿˼񣺸ϽȰȰɣʱ˻ȥֱ
ôŬȻҲҪ岻Ҫԣ
ҽθڵŮضҪϢ
ë΢û֢ͨ˻еĶη塢ƽسллҽˣֱҵ
ϾֱͿԻȡֵһֵ
ҽҲɱˣ֪Լ˰֢ڵˣ˾һ˲ʧܿ˵ģңһˡһʹģֹܹ۵ؽʵķ
Ůһ·̵׷İ
̾˿ԼλᡢĲ˱ȱ֤ϢһҲ̵ֻܲܶһʱ䣬ĸһвֹͣ
ҽҲҪע塣
ŶȻλҽҽܹӲҽ˿ڣԷûص˵ͷ߳û
ҽҽôˣ
ʿҽϽסӳ˽ɫһֱЩ̫ÿ·ͻȻͿʼҡεҽƺ۾Щˣ̺˰һȥ顣
ʱ·ļˡʿ͸ոһ˵ּ˶̲ס࿴˼
ǿ˹ѻ𣿣


7 
ұͽŮ弫ݡ˿̣Ĳŷܿ߹Ǻͼµ첲Լϵĸۡ
ΪθڵѾ̫ʳٲʳҺӪϲʹĥڲȼ
Ѿĵʱ˸еϧ
СԬŴڲϵӣ̲ס߬֡ѡʵǵùǻˣȴҪĲʹĥ
ּ˿Ų԰״˯ŵģؿղķꡢԹܸӵؽ֯һֻޱȱơ
ǲ﾿ЩʲôΪʲôô£
ϧԼ壡ҲԴӷȫ˸̬ȡǺȻͲںһ
ʫͷֲԾؿٳѪӡ
ʱ䣬˶̬ȱ˺ö࣬ȻֹŲʡġ£˶ĹעȴڲӡȻҲûôľʱעǧʫˡ
ͻȻ۳壬ԸһԵĺĸƽԣ½ֱ䡣Ϳǧûӿ˽Ļˢˢطɹ
Ҷǲĺ׼ǸŮ΢ǲǶģӦԶʲôܲȦ˰Եġ
ʵǻȦģ֪ܶĻ԰ɣడ
С΢Ѿһûˣе㵣ܲһʲôǲǱвˣ
˵˵ӦԶ£ǲǸ
ƽ˽ˣ
ֱҲ˹ֱƽֵ̨ǧɴپ˵һ˵ӦԶ顣
ɴЧռֱĻֱϷҲʾѡȰ񫡱֮ǰһɴȶһ·ǰ壬ҿɣ
ϵͳȡʱεֱȶȣ˷ܵطʱֱȶȵһ
ֱĵĻϵͳӦԶ¼̧ͷ԰׵Ϻ޶ݣʳԹñˣҲбֵһ졣
һ仰ֱܴܿһ˵
˵飬¸ҪĲ
ЩûϽ࣬ոҪʼ˵ӦԶôͳȥˣҪ˭
ڰ;ĵƻ𡢸ʵƽ̨ͼȵѪ¶񡣲ҵķʽŮھǸĵطԹ޵總֮ȡһ֤
ڸ̨֮ϣѾȥˣ
ۺȻ˵һͷֱ˶ëĻ
ߣв˰ǱԻһԼĿռҲ̲סۣǰֳһޱȵĻ桪ĲҰ
Ļݵؿհ룬ͻȻַӿ
ҺȻ˼Ƥ񣬸ղţûпرһĻ
ҺҲˡѸղ˵ͻȻͱ۾ͣޱرˡ
òشʵеǸŮô˰ɣһ춼ûٷҲ˵Ҳˣ
ʲô˵аԴ㿴ʲôһ⣬˵Ҳ˰ɣ
ˡǹЧȶȣֱ仹㱻Ϊá
ϵͳȻûʵë͹ͷȴһëȻĸо֣ΧͻȻͱĳѧ
СԬҲ۰Ͱһ߿ţ֪ûбµģ˵һģ
ǸŮһڸ¥ϾҪɱ
ӦԶŶӵҲϿһ۵ݣŴ˿̹˾¥ĴȻʹ˸
ܡܣôġ
ֱ·˷ֹ˾¥һҵд¥ƺվ˸ˣ
ԲۣҪɱ
߼֤ͻȻͿʼ߶߶ָᯡֺ˴ʱ˾Ĭ
⼸죬ԸҪôæµϵרҡҪôæȻҲȴûۿֱ
֮ǰѾĸŮġֻһȾ±Ƶģ
Ҳû뵽·Ȼˣ
һﰵԸ̣һ̲סԼƤɹŲĿյǲǿˣ
ôǰûȻֱ˵츳ĿʲôµĻһ
᲻ЩǷףŵѣҲµȻعҪϾҲľս
ʫع¶ǳһֿĽõģһͷȴ̲סķˣԼҪˣǰƴ
ֺüԭ;Ҫֱʲô̫ף˼ұǶ˵飬ֻǿڰ趼ͬ⡢ȷʵķû顣
ۼھȻƭˡŻ˵ֱȻ
ָɫҲ̫ÿŮＸĺܡõʱͼ˽ССһҲˣû뵽Ȼô͵ȦֲֿԤԣ
˵󲻴˵ССһҪ˷ŴӰ졭
ڣָ᯾׼ֱֹͣΪֹԺ󶼲Ҫˡ
ָոԣȴᰴסˡ
Ȼȫ˾Ϳָ᯵־ʲôµĶһ̵Ҳ˺ü¶֡
ոҲúýһŮĺĿЩˡּŮű֢СĸҲԻѲɸҲˣ
ָηؿ˿ȡŮعҲʼղǧͷĸоǲĻþԼ϶̫ˡ̫ˣ
ּˣҽԺҲϽȥһ壡ǧʲôˣ
ʲôˣڸ籾𣿡
಻ȥ·
ľúܰղ˵ʱԺĪͳĳµĻ棬ϢֻưΣ𣡣
ֱѾλǵλв˽ղŵ۷ϡؾҲͬһʱյ˺üȺڵıǣĳƽ̨˵ŵ˹Ҫɱ
ӾԱʺţԷתۣ˵жһԼ˵Ļûë
Щ˵ŮܿõӦԶĵطĳ̨ȥһ顣
ȽȷþҲֻûɳȥ˲ֽӵȺڴĵ绰
ιǽɳ𣿽Ľһ¥ŮҪ¥
ոע⵽ĳֱѰ۵Ҳڹעе¼չ


8 
ɳ̳ٶȸϵ˱˵ĵص㡣¥Ѿۼ˲ˣָ¥ϵһӰš
ֱҲһըˣ˵ˣ
յϢӦԶŶӼȹϵϣڸҳ˾¥
Ϊϣ¥ԭͶһЩýߣкܶý߸ǹ˾ǿвټ߶ҪֱӴӦԶȥһƣ
ֻܿǰĴ¥Ǻ¥̨ﲻϴŹģǸŮ˾ǸǵŻ
һжǵļƻĿľǰִ󣬺ҪʵǮ»ܽģûҪơ
ӦԶһ¡Ժ϶Ǯ׬
ģмĵưˣӦԶ˾¥Ҳ֪ôȥģ̨ߣΣգ
ﰡоʹУ֤ݾ֤ݣôһ򣿡
֮ǰͻ보ԼˣҲûһѣ
ǲưԾһʲôѧֱ䣬ʵ˼֪˻ᷢʲô
ֱԽԽ࣬ҲʼƵ֡ղŵһȫͨ˵ⲻһıܿ˵δ
ܣ
ӦԶԼܳ棬ˮŶȴת£ıҲռϷ
ʱûв鵽֮ǰͬӦԶưʲôȽֱӵϵҪʿ׼Ҫɱƶ˵ֻ֤ȷϢԴͬư˽ϵĿܷǳ󣡡
յϢýͼ첻ԼͬķšýͲԽִԽãű뱣֤ŮİΣҲҪ࣡
ֻǣ˴˿̶Ѿƫһܣʲôѧֱ˽ºıĿܸʸ
ڲԽ͵ʱ򣬺ĵֻͻȻ𡣾ȻǺ̫̫ĶŮڲߡ
ǹԵؿʫ飬ֺܿ췴Ӧ߳Щεʲô顣
ҵȻСݷ𣿡
Ĵδ̫̫һʱͷԡҽԺĵַί˵˾岻̫ãҲܿһᵢ̫ʱ䣬ֶСܼһ档
ģ
һߣ羯һ¥̨ýѾӰưһģŻͲҪֱֳ
ư˵˵ʲôӦԶ/㣬̥вҪ첻ȥ𣿡
ưǲ˻ǮݺӦԶҪʲôĿģ
ưվ̨Ե׶ûһ˿ķ磬ֻǾ޴һϢȣѹ˴
ʱ˿̣ЩŹ⣬ֻեȶȵˡ
ȻǾͿԵõҪġըʽȶˡ
˿ֻ̣ԼĹ¶ưСͳԾ˵֮ࡣڵòҲĲң˿ҸĹעһЩ˵ϲȴҲһδεİ衢졣
ۿ׶ɫ׬ԼǮӴ˵żѣһжźõķչ
Գͬͨ˳ӦԶæһĹͬ˵Լࡢ룬һҪţôһкܶϲ˵
ʱĳЩԱͶʷöֲҪΪܾǱʧȥ๤Ŀɬ𽥵ȥ
ôĵӦԶܿ¶ĿܱŸȻǿƵؽקϴ䱩ʧԼȴõԷŶӵáͿš
Ͻ¶յĹͲ֪ʿв񶾵Ĵͷϡ
ưֻʣޱǿҵһͷˣǾƣ
ҲûʲôںˣԷרҵŶò˲¼һƬҽԺ֤ĶǸ˵ĺӣû취ס
˵ҪҪŶһӶǮ֤
һҪô࣬˽ᡣ
Ҫǰʱһ֪ʲôʱѺȻһţ
Ȼֻ¥ϵķܴ󣬿˵ֻ֪ôҲԶֻͨࡣ
ȷҪΪô˷Լ
ֻﴫ˸ưδİŮûϵõͻ¼ԭֻ־ưҲհƬ̡
ҵҲҪ˾ˡ
Ӧһ䣬ŷӦԼôԷͻشˡ
͵ưЩֻںֺˣӦԶ˱ˮõӦʱ򣬾Ǹ̵ֻﴫ׻Ļ
ȻҪĸĸڵ㡣ֻҪ룬ھͿԽӵǵĵ绰
ڲϣ֣ᡣ
ȴ͸˵ֻưһǿҵĴ͸ĸоͷץסˣһһͿԴƿ˴ţȴĵĮִ˹˼ů
ȻֻԶһ룬ȴͨʾ
ཡཡཡ
̫õʺͳμΪϵͳڴ˿Եø̶Ҳȫ˵ע⡣
ڣľͷ׼ư֪ˣ͸˻ԶԶضߵĽչ
΢ɡ̳Ҳв˶ڹע飡
Ҷڿư
ưǸôô׾ҵĸͨ
ĳֱԵưħһڸ̨Եվ˺һֱתǸȥΡΡؽӹеֻ
ӵ绰һ̣Ҳͨˡ
ι˭ѽ
ֻͷһŮ˵ưŷֻͷȴĳĸӦȻҲסֻ̽Եؼʵǡ
ҡһ¶ҽ18ˣʱ߶ġҵļһźɫ룬ҵͷرڣҰĶʶ𣿡
ư״ε˵Ż۾ʳ֪ίǾˮ
϶ֱƭˣǱ˹ƭװĵ绰
СҵŮôҵѽ
ֻͷһ˺ѷεĿ޺ֻΰĸǿܷǳϵѪưˮһ˲䳹ӿֻҵ
ʱڱ׼ľҲ̽صȫشס
̨˶ͷԷ¡ֱԼƽ̨ĹҲɵˣû뵽ᷢô飬û뵽˷·ת̫˼ˡ
Ϊʲô˻ͻȻֻȥԻưĸϵʽİĴһƬհס
ǰ漸ߣ˶ϲȥ˰ɣ;ֹ˰
籾Ҳ̫˰ɣôôⶼѾͨĿˡ̫ѧˣ
ưһˣǸ¶Ҳǻʲô籾ˡ
춼ˣǲǾ籾֪
ͬһʱ䣬Ҳֱĺֻһ͸ͷǹǶҪըˣǸ˾籾ǡ
תͷԼĸףͼĸɫصض˵㻹ǲǵãŰиŮСʱ򱻰ʧˡղֻǸ˵
ϣưӦԶһεѵһеתۣ׷Ǿ籾ʱ֪ʿˣԲǾ籾
Ϊưҵĸ۰ڵĵزࡪ򸾣˼ȷʵ˸Ůʮûһء
۱֮Աǣʲô˵ĳϷ
ȷֱһγȦˡ
ȫϵĸֵϻ۶


9 
ǲǺưǧƽ̨֮˽ʲôϵǺıݵһϷ𣿡
ܺ˵˵ղΪʲôôûڱָʹ㣿
ղŵݸưֻǸĪؿǰʶȺˣѹ֪ʲô
ô˶ðģԼԼǸոձ˾ȻžȥȰ˵
ôһգۣѾǰҲˡԼһѼ׷ŶҪɷã
ͷˮͻԼǲΣϰ
ԼӦ¥ףӦ
СԬŵֵȺعػӻϽصҽԺСŴнھ˵𺦣ٿŶԷʱư
뿪Ǹ˵壬͸еһů⻺Ĺһ΢Ҳɽղ˵
صߣСԬ˷ܡ
ԭǸС͸ȴԼú飡
ܣû֪֪
ͷпĺã֮侹ֻصѧʱǸȻ൫ǻǻϣõʦͿԵһĸо
Ȼգ۾ѯʴôưĸϵʽ
Ҳһ˵Լֶž޴ϢѰ˿һ˵ĳһӦöԷǷƣóϻۡʵϡթȵӡ
ḻĲְҵԸݶԷ١Ƥ״̬жƲϢ
ҲĳЩܹ͸˵ġࡣ
Ĺȥںδ
Լǿʱ򣬴һϸС¶Ծչ¶ǰЩϢʱ޿̶ڷű仯벻һ۱С
ԹűİأҲԭͲϵϢ
˵ŵĵСԬ¶һı飺ÿֺҲʶҾһֶס
Լͦԡ
ǧ겻ѧšʣⲻһ𣿡
ðɣȻСԬļˡѧϰٶȺ񶼺һ㣡
ϵͳһ͹СԬĶԻ缦Ϊ˺ϢҲһûɶĲͬϵ
һߣܿڽӵʮŮĵ绰һӶԸȡٶ˰ԱǰưڵĵطǷ򸾶Ҳ·Ҵҵ
˼棬ܻûӼѪ֮Ӧư̳һַòĳǼǵһʱȷǵŮ
һڱһƽ˵һʱʹޡ
ư֪ԭ길ĸĹ˾չͷͣ⵽˵Ķʼɣ˹ϵĻ׵ưҪ
ҧҧĻ˳ȥȴûŮԭȺͰưһ;ȻһϢĵطˡ
ɹץס⼸ܷǮҲ׷һ֣ưȴӴʧ١
Щ꣬һֱûзѰŮû뵽ưһ˷Ƽ;ȥһʡݣշתһûС˼ҡ
Ϊǻ˼ԼСֽư͵˸سǵĹ¶ԺưΪСֻԼǵú˽йСaiڹ¶ԺǼ˸ư֡
һ˾ʮֱ꣬һͨ绰
ͨСĴϡԼò˴֮ӦǼ԰ٷְȷǵŮưҪȥӼϵҽԺ16СʱͿԿ
һҵŮôϲԼСء
ܿư֣һûעŮҪʧ½ֻһΣʮ˲֪ٴεΡ
ôְ֪绰ģӵˣ
ƽܿޱҡֹסĺ£˽İ磡
򡪡
뵽ǰ׵·ϣСǱ˴̨ϾȻģ־ߡһǶû˵СǾȻ۸ǵŮƵҪɱ
ǰǸǧҲǵͷޣȻᱨ
£Ҳ֪˭ưҵǵġ
ңҲ֪Ǹ˭ûҲһ㲻Ϊʲô֪ǵĵ绰ǲôĻǸʱҺʲôָˣֻһܴ绰
Ǿûʲôֵ˺£ưҲƫľٶҪơ
ڣҵĸϣư侲ҲúëԽо˼顣
ΪʲôǸ˻֪ôϢͷطꡣ
ϣ鿴ռĽֱ¼ϵǸṩֻԷ˵Լʲôˣѹʶʲôʶưĸĸ
֮䣬Լ˼ʮΨȻ
ͨȷϼָܲǰʱһŮʱ
ͷʦݶôѪȿȣԣͶôˣ
˴šʱʵرЩЩΪѰŮʲôӶˣһʼҽֻС
ݷøۣѰ˸ʿ˲֪Ǯ˶ٴη£ʵҲҲϣ㹦£Ůǿĵطĺһ㡣
ⲢϳĴ𸴣õƵǸ˽մʡ򹤣õľֻͨȫûʶǣû˵Ƥ··һ̨ǰ˱˴˶͸Ųš
λһּǧǲǱ죬ǶҪл
öرƵĲ˰С׺θмԼһнˮҲˡ
ոգɷͶõ뿪ҽԺǶֱܴʫոպͻ˵ʵעŹֱͼ˶Ÿɣľõȷмֵ
һ߾⺢ǲʡģһֲĽѵ
Ͼ˵ػѪȵĴ˶
ҽ˵ڻǿһЩӪĶ㳢صôκڵġ
ڴ߶˹СɵĴѣʿСҲ鷿Ƽ˽緹ҲƳʵԸԶǺ飬ǰرϲϲʳ𣬰ţ̶𣿡
ãȻţ̶
˼ûشϲʲôСɶƳĸŮۣûٶ˵ЩʲôֻڵǼϢʱƼ˳һѱüͷ
´ʳĻͲ׼ˡ
ͲϲЩζصʳģ˵ʳƷͬǰõĿνر̫ࡢЧһ㣬ʵڡ
˷Ҫųʡ
ԭڵʱЩΣ׶ŵĸ߼˾ѼߣҲ֪ʫͻⶼϲҲĳƷԭΪҲϲġ
˵ܶСǳһҵĳƷ
ô飬дӣ
л˵


10 
˵ҩ
ĸŮǲûθڣԶһʿŰܷհװҩ
ʿСͺľƼ˽ӹðڣͨҩҪŨմƽغҲڲոյ¶˿ã
ʿᣬϲزס¡ûסһѾ˼ƺͦļжѳԲŻòüͷǺҩȵô㰡
һͷͿСʿӵĶһӾͱ
ʲô鰡ҪͣԷȴѾ˳ȥ
ģ
л㱵ٺζﲻԣѲɲʧܵĳƷŪ
Ѿ˹صһֽдһҩĵԼҪƷ裬ּƮ
ĻûӦͼ˿ڲϣ˫ֺʮǰһģŮ⼸õƽǽԼ
ѾҽԺõҩģǵҩƷʻ̫ˡ
ֻ˵ǿƷʳõĺЩ
ȻһʳѾôˣҩί˵ָָΪԼƵҩԸ
ûǮұѷø㡣
Ĳ㻳ԼĶ䣬ʲô
˵᲻ûǮˣ
Ǿܿ𣿣
ôһ˲䣬ľŮǴǰԹ࣬ؼҺҲС¶ӵӣĺƲ𰡣
űעҰϡ洢ʮꡢȱעԼͷƤļ临ӵƹ̣ŶЩҩļ۸Щĺ΢ǣȴѾһ˵˳ô᲻ûǮ
Ҫʲôﶼ򣡡
£Ҳûίˣдһ֣ţˡ
ģ
һһ˵עװģ
һܶ˶˯š
ӦԶŶӡ˾ݷưʲôиŮֻһ
ʫѹʲôѧʲô칦ܣᶨΪһжıҪؼ˵Ӻ͹ذҪһУĻŶ޵ĺͿֻ۵
ԼּͬڴϷȥôӦԽԽ
ҹưһȻ˯ŵġ
ڳԹһߵҲΪ췴תٷת¼͸ְԣڹϴ˴ҹ
ϰԼùʵĹĵزùˣһ ·ϼǮпʹȻǹƽģԼⲻͺˣ˯ˡ
һеġסͬµϢˣһҹΣ

ڶһ磬ȺϵҽԺ
ǸЩˡ
縻̬ׯĺ̫̫ŮȿʵҲǸողŴӼĺģͿš
ȥû
Щ˼ҲԷΪʲôô磬Ѳʲô£
⼸ĶȽҲԼȨơƸһĺҡߵǰȥȻŮδ
ԥƬ̣岻ͨĲ֪ĸԾЩԥҪҪŮ̫̫ĸŮһ档
ȸ뿪ڣᱻ賶˳̫̫ЦЦһɡ
̫̫Ҳһɡ˵꣬ضſЩĺĿڡ
̣ȣʲô𣿡
ڶָеʫҲˣֻǺ̫̫˼ѹûϣһʱҲûע˸ˡ
ʫԭʹ飬̫̫źһûƺԼ΢ʧ̬վ廰Ϊ뵽ǰֱʱ˵ʲôȼͥҪֱлǲ˼Ҫҹˣ
Ҳע⵽ոںʫ磬ǿ¶ЦǴкû˼עЩֵķӦ
̫̫Ƕ࿴˶ʮǧСŮǡò׽˶ԷԴ˷ܺڴĶüͷ
ûеõظʫҧ촽ϽԼеЩѿҲЩΪʲô̫̫̫鷳ġ
ոѴ绰ֻ⿴˻֪ʲô̫̫ź뿴һıһӱЩ֡
ļһСʱǰһΣ˵Ȼʮ˵
ԼĻʿСæش߹Ƽǰ˼˺Ȼ֮ǰ˶Ļתǡ
ЩΣѹ֪ȻôҲѣҲЩ˻ʿոôҲ֪ǰкѻ˵ĺ㡣
ú˾Ӵ಻á
̫̫۾һ˲ˬõģǾٵȵȡ
ʱʿСϵֱָϽ£ղû˵˸ŵʮǰǴԹԣǾŵһ֣
ͷҪȻԼҲȥעһ²˵ֱ䣿
ʮһ׼ʱۡԼʱҽƷˡ
һؼϼҵϡټ棬ƺ֮ǰҪˡ
һľ֢ǰ͸ŽĻҰһδĵʯһ㣬ִ˵̬Ҳʹǰȫͬ˷Ī⡣
С㣬֮ǰǷС
̫̫ڲ棬𾴵ѯš
û
ȷиܵܺ𣿡
̫̫侲ʳʵĻֻǺ͸¶һ˿ĵ׵Ĳƽ
λ̫̫˹طʣ㲻֪𣿡
𾪵ŤͷԼ裬ȻĵͷˣסŮʾⱣְ
СԬԹƮһԣ̾Լڴ⼸ǰһĶҪࡣ֮ǰȻּң󲿷ʱ䶼ڷٻ罻Ҳû˻ְԸ
ϵͳҲóʳ˵һֺš
Ҳǰǰȷ˽ӵ顣ȷʵԳƵǵˮ©ôꡭ
̫̫Թһ㣬ɷıѡ䵭ıȫȦʶĺ̫̫ǰ硣
һ϶û˯õĺ﷢ô飬ְֲеģסģɷҲһ֪Ĵȫְֻ̫̫ǸɵӣпϹʲôɷСǵ顣
ֱ⣺ҰæһĸŮĳ·
̫̫˵ͷϿҵ˵Լ⡣ʵšν
Ϊȫְ̫̫ȻɷıҪѯרҵʿĳĽ⡣
֪ɷǸʲôˣ˼թֻ̳û뵽һ䵽ͷϡ
̫̫ɷ߾ƲȫȨԼֻ˽̽õһЩɷˡ˽ӵƬһ㲹
˵ֱɷĿпܱĻҪ
Ҳ̲ס۰Ͱ͵ؿ
Ӧ£ɶ⣬׼õġ
Ĵ𸴣̫̫зĳϣûԥֱӴӰóһпݸ
ҲûǶǮ濴ź̫̫۾ɫͫǴԽʱռ͸꣬һ˲̫̫ã棬ûɵشĵ׸еĳСС
عһֻղŲСĴ
̫̫˫΢ܺãҵбµĴ


11 
ѾĪֳдַ˴𸴣׻ָҵ򡣡
СԬϵͳҲһͷˮ
̫̫һַͫ΢΢Ŵĸ״ǰլ
ڶַȴûһЩƫԶıСУûȥӡҲûʲôס
ױŮȣѱտڲԸٶԵͿģĬ˼ַȷɺòشź뿪ˡ
裬ְ֡顣
ϣҵúܡЩı£ɶԷ᲻ǺַһģɵĻŪǡ
ܵȻڰǰ֪˰ְֳ졢ô˽ӵ飡
Ǯˣ˽ӵȦﲢټֵԼȻȫܲˣôεİְô
Ըţȴ֪Ҳƭһ鿪Цְıǡҡ
ȣǰһֱ㻹ǸСҲ۷ʲôǻ㡣
ڿĺ̫̫۽΢죬ȴȴǰκʱҪǿᶨ
Ȼڷ飬һҪԶᱣ㡣Բ𰡣Ҫһˡ
̫̫ͷԼŮѾ棬ĸ׵ʹǵһ㡣
˲ᣬȷʵóˡҪһ𣬰鳹ײ
˵һʱ俪̫̫ǰסլ
̫̫ĸûʱ徣Ҳڶǰ뿪ϷЩһֱû˾ס̫̫˸ÿ̶ܹɨ﾿ʲôܣôﵽأ
ܲѾĸĸͻȻڸôɣ
̫̫Ůصլ˰լӶ˸׳죬ͷ󺹵ķ˲ٺ̫̫ŮʱڵƬ״ԼʱߡƷȴһûҵʲôָɷʮıѣ˼еȨ͵͵תƼŲƲֵĶ
ڿĸŮ˼Ⱦɥã
Ȳɵְһ˽һ˽ŮôꡣһֱûаҴбȻк֪ܶҲȥ顣
Ծ֣߬һԵ迴Ůܿ콫ϷüΣĸҲüΣڡǸɷҲסü졣
ּǸһŮʲôֻ?
һĺ̫̫˿ֽϵһַܿ˸绰һεǰȥطסˡ
׼ҸһͷԭиڵĳУٿȥ̽һ̽
ϵͳСԬʮֺиֱַôĸŮʲô¡
ʱüͷ΢΢˶˲ߵȰťʼ˿ԡѵı֣ҲӿѪ
ҽ˴Ѫ
ָ궼ڼ½ȣ
ܿ죬ҽʿٶȸʼԲ˽ȣ
⣬ӼŸּҸԼӼĺġֻ˿źɫʾеָʾƶ㱡
ȻǻżŻѪ״̬ǼҪֱ⼸˶ʵǰ֢ڣֻҪּǮΡͻܻܾõĴ
ٳûнվĺԽʫֲֻסֹţһûµģһûµġ
ָҲǲͣŲƫƫҽԺֹֽ̣ŽûС
ʱǿʼЩˣڲΪȦ飬ʲô˵Ԥ˺ôĻ֮Ҳһ˼æȥˣٹûֱյ˲Σ֪ͨ
ϵͳϲѸֵ1000+ֵ12졣
ϵͳյ˻ܶĸֵһֵ⼸Ȧĸ·ԹѻµֵڻֵˣôͻȻ֮ͼתֱ£
ư龭һϵķѾɹѣӦԶ˾ôŬҲûȫѹ¡
Ȼ󲿷ѵעûзֵϣӴͼߵĹעҲ֮˲ٵĸֵӦð
СԬҲǼˣŴкԤ׵رͽҽȣĶ
һߣյӼҽѧҲȷưʧٶŮһ˱һ𼤶ذ˵ưĸ׺ܿϵˮ׼ȫȥлλּҶŮ
⼸ûйע϶ָ̬᯺Ȼֻϵ磬ûʲôӵ绰ĻʾһֱϹϵĺزŶ³ĺ룬ܿߵ¥һԽ𣬾Ŷżɽ
ܣڴŮݷһ´ʦѾҽԺſˣĸ
ָᯣʲôʦ
յʦȵưһҲڴ˿̸ϵˣ𾪵ؿŻкɫʾңû뵽һλ澹һ
ʦʦԼôǰ֢ڣΣڵϦȷܲΣأ
ָҪŶһôˣȴԷһס֡
ܣ̫лˡҲϣ½ǵðܲҲڲſʦʲôʱѹ
켤ԼлôǶӦҽԺֱ
һԵּ˺ðԷеĴʦָǡûѵ
أǲҵĳ˴ʾ㴫ֵһöûУ
ҪҿôѽأǲǸƭӣǸʧͳһιĽͳôĲ
֮оϵͳǺһѾ͸˵ӡ
ˣ徲㡣
ϽֹϵͳİȻС޵һһģͦȤ⾫Լģʵޱȵ޷ܡ
ܵ־ƺϵͳŻЩûܻϾһһ߱Ҳ֪ΪʲôһӾͱˣѵǱ߳⣬´͹ֵʧЧ
񲻿ܳİ
˵˵ôֵģ
⣬ϵͳ˶١չ涨ǲܺй¶κι񡢸ֵȡֵת֮ݵġ֢ﲡϵͳ˱ԼָЩҲ˵
εģǾ𡣡
㱳˻˵һƼҪ磬k߿ƼˡҲһ˵νƼ塢һҲ֪塣
֮kܹȡĸֵתΪԼͨСϵͳΪý໥һ֣𣿡
ϵͳ
ϵͳɴԼ۾ɫΣգΣգʾѾռڴ棬ô֪ģ
̨ϣҽͼվı
ԭǰڵһѧѧʽ΢硣СŴﳤ󣬽ɼѧʲôѧȻҲûйѧϰ˶Ϥĸ߿ƼƷûж֪
ѧǧ궼һţߵһġһˡ
ıԴͨģνѧѧȫͨϵֻǲͬطĲͬ͹򣬻ûȫա
ȥΪǿҵԹתΪܹɱСͬࣻò֮˵Թǿ۹ǿĹֳһϵеĹԭеѧɼ˵ȫͨ
ðν߿ƼĴڿԹȡ˵ĸֵתֵҲáֵҲգͬҲǷ֪ɵġȫܹ⣬еİȤ
˿ϵͳϵͳ͸ˣͨҲԹǲͬڡ֪ķʽͬ̽鵽Է
ֻ֪ٸеġҲƽԼӳټϵͳһֱ׬ȡֵеĹǸ˶óԷͬҪĸֵΪká
ϵͳҵĸǰѵԼôǰ¼ôҵģͨˣеĹǸ˾ܿ
˵õѧǷ⽨ţȫûпѧԵأ
˫ۣࣺ֮Ϊ֪ѧ̫ˡ
ǴϵͳǰǸ磬Ǹѧʢﻪ챦˽ܵ顢ͨ϶λõ硣ڰ棬بŲǳԶ
һһͳҲ︱ֵҽظرѪѹ89/60Ҳָ
Ȼˣ
ҽǽ߱ɬ۾ϢһᣬڳҽԱҲ˿СʱһγɹȻһ
žһеĺɫָʾϨ𣬺ڶŮĲ¸ϽʳҽôڵõѾΣյĴ𸴺˿̱һԡ
ϵͳ״ϢʶͷųǿһθоԼԼݿ˵Сƶ񤡣


12 
ϵͳֵûг⣬ܹܵÿϵͳһֵʱйɾ塣
е΢޸岡ĵطŲ
죬ͣ½ԭΪϵͳһֵȫĹˣǣһЩԼ֮
ǿ;Щͻ֮Ĳڸ˿ϵŰٴ˸飬ͼ˳̽ϵͳĴڡ
ԭͲ˲ܲסӦȻҡ
ûͬϵͳ˵ôࡣȻȷϵͳûҲ˵Ķ⣬һὫ˽ֵ֮ˡ
ֳ֮϶ڸǲеĽ
ܣղǳǳһ̽ûֱӿϵͳĴԼеԵҲеһЩϢʱĵСϵͳݻ
ϧˣǷ֮ǰ
̲סҡҡͷκιǿĴڶȻܵơͬڵ˶ˣͻƱ޽ĿܣͻĽޡ
ͻ̸ףҲ⴩ͬ磬kҲҪϵͳСڡ
֮ǾָΪ˴ǰڴλ񡱵ٴδ
˵ȤһֱԼǸλƷʼ趨Ǹĸ߿Ƽϵͳ˿̰缦
Щ£̲סҪ̾Լ򹤣ĵһеţƣ
һϵͳһĿǰݷõİ취ռ紵ʺƨݣϲһ㣬ɹԵģ
ұתƵ֢໤ңá۶һԵҽͻʿллˣ˽ɣл˵
ȽȻѪԵϡ׽ĸĸָᯡģһֺҲŽˡ
İŻˣ
ôĵļڸոպڱ뷨ӽʲôʲôҪʲô͸ʲôʲôӡӣ¡Ų㣬ĲŮźˣ
ָҲ̾˿ʵڲԼʲôŮòһͥȴûбúŮֳ
ƾ֮ǰжٵĺɸ֣жٵ˿Ҳˡ
ֺŸĸ˵ı飬ԼûɵļŹԼɧײĸֱװŪҥԡҪֵҩģһӲѹȥ
ôôһִֻͷԲãȻǰ㶼Ȳʫ飡
ҲֻķһžǾ俪ڳ
Ϊ˸õҽƻƻ˲֪Ǯü˵ĹġΪԼģ㷲ЩʱգҲöµˣ
˸ողŴ̨˵ע㡣
ʿȥˣüͷһ˳ȥ
ָӲĻҲ˵ˡûûô
֡裬һ˵Ŷ³һһ棬ͨʲô취Ū˼ңŪһʱŪһǺΪǸ֪ƷӶҪѰҩθִֻ
ֺŵһ˿ͣʲôֱ˺ˣԡֻҲѾ
ĺȻغǳ죬Ӳı飬ͻȻ͸һơ
ֺ󲻿ŵؿŴδֵĸ׵ͣͿĸװǰûڰ۵˵ô˵ãã
ֺҲѿڶԸûһعã
ʹźɫĽëűϧ۵׵ĵĮδзֺ
һӳĬһᣬֺΪ״˸Բ
˾ǼˣҪ˵
Ӻưһɫص߽ԲϵŮСѯʣʣͨ绰Сһط𣿡
ǿڲϣ˫ŷǰԷʣô֪ǺСأ
˽һõ˴ǳĹĵ鱨棬ʾּһŮǰû¶κε죬ҲҲнӴĺۼ
ͬҲͨκηѧ֪ӦԶưȵļд¥ļûĵǸôϵ¥ȫľ졢ýҲûע⵽˵ĳ֣
˵ֻѹûװعǧֱƽ̨ǰҲûʲôͨ¼ԵʱǸôģ
Լһ߽ϵŮͷһǿҵֱץסᣡ
ݲǻɣʵֱͬǰּһĶŮ֮
ڿڵϴŹ£ʵѾķ򸾣䲻ǰˣӵһСĻᣬҲٿǹ롣
ԭĹ켣ưȷʵȥ
ھ棬˼һҲ˷ǳص˲мȻĴȥ˰
ưΪ¥⿴ϵͼƬưĸϣ֢һŮ˴ʱ䡢Ǯưָ˲ֽһҲڵԹźҲƽ
ˡ
Ҫװ߶߶ӣվһߵֺԽˡ
ӽٲ֡飬ɡ
˵֪ư֮ǰʵ⻳һе飬ûа㻳ɣסϹл
Ĳ֪˵ʲôˣ̫лˣȫҵĶˣ
ֲûǰŮ£ûưôߵ¥ȥᷢʲô
ĳע¸оʦ֪ġĿԶĻҪá
ЩҲ׬˵СǮǲǷԸ⽫ϺزһĹɷת
ңĲƸλĳʱĻֱ뵨Լһġûٹԥڱ˵Ƿ򸾵ľֵǮĺһĹɷݡ
Ŷ³˵Ҫһزɷݣ۲ƵּҲľҡ
زȫǰĵزţֵɹ
ڵĲƸȻɵرҪһͬûʲôϵŮԼһŮϣ
ָ᯺ͺһ÷˼һ濴ŴӸղżֿɵƸȴ鵭ݣ״̬ȵµŮͷȡǵͬʱҲʼ̲ס᲻ŮĴõʲôĴУֻһ㲻֣
ֺ𾪡ʡͬʱֻһ뷨زŵĶ³ûб˵ð𣿣
˻ˣ
ûȴҶ룬Ѿƽҡҡͷܾ˶Ϊ֮۹ɷݣ츻ֻҪ
ֻ¡һЩҽԺȫ֧һ˽Ժáס̹ҽԺ
⿴Ƽ򵥵ĻһּҶڸոպزɷһ¡
Ҫʲô
л˵


13 
Ťͷ̲ס¶벻ϲġ硱ֺԼػȴǴһΪʲôôζġĸָᯡġ
ϵ˼ҵ˴ӽԼƹܡ
ŮޱϲĻǷƢˣɸոǶѾúǸһʲôġ
ָҲͷۣһôͲܺúദأ涼ԽԽˣ
ŵڤ粻ˣڷһ̾˿Щ˵ҪѻȫȻ˵˲С
ǡǿԲٳˡ
ּˣ
ֺЦ뿪ڡѾԼҲȷܹԼˣλ˷ʱ¡
̧֣ϸָǡָüģֺ㲻صܿʱ䡢͸ˣ԰ɣ
ǽٿ
ֺϷ̵Цݻûȥ˺ȻȴǱԷĿס˽ԭأǺɫͫһžԭ޷
һθܵǱʲô޷ֱӵĿ´ڸӣ˲
ֺ˵ּҸβסô߼Ĳ˺ܶǮҪж֪㡢
˵Ҳ䡣
ţֺڡ
Ϊ˳Ա̰ڵʱѾ뼯űְֵص̳ӭͬѪ
㡪˸߸ϵôͬ˵
ֺ˶ΪȻԼʵҪ¶ܿ㻰һת۾ƺ
ԭ㾫ӢѧԵı£ȻżͨѧУ׫дģĨȥ׵ĺۼ
ֺͻȻʼ˸ɫףô˽ܵô֪˭ģ
һԵָᯡҲǴʧɫЩû֪Ҫ˵ջһ
봹ζдųֳᣬǿ޴Ϸһ̾
ΪʧɼſȴȫƵ˰ǰϡ
ֺ󶯵ãͷȴѾð亹Ķ֪ҲǾɵؿԼɷӣŮ˵
ѹ֣ԴԶȲʫˡ
Ȼǣ˻һͷˮֺѾ뵽ʲôεѵͬʱ˿Ҫȴֻ˵ǿޱȵĻ
ԭʮʱιˡ
£ֺҲ֮оǹƿ壬ѾǱʪһϻŸոյЦ񾪿ֵĹģ
ٿ򲡴á͵ؾһˣסǽûз
᯺ͺؿڣеľѾ󺣰ӿͬŮ
ĲƭˣĿԿ͸ġ˵Ĺȥδ
˽ּңȴ˵顢Ӧϵõȫ𰸵ưһҲǾ־𺳻űġ
ֺ󲻸ٿ˵ΨһܹǿӦؾĻһָ֮ᯡ˵𾪡Ůı£ߡ߳ڶӾȻ˼һжѾȫƿء
ˣ塣
ŮȻĲƭˡΪǵĹעװŪ
£ޱ߳ܺͰյĻôżҲ棡ȴҲֻܳסȰסŮ
ֻҪŮһж˵
ٲø׵ݡּҵĲƸǣӣֺǰŮļֵ˷츲صĸĹۡ
Ȼ̫ˡ
ԼͷСԬ𾪡ʹ뱯ˣܵ׵ģһ仰ж̫٣Ҳ̫̫ݺ΢
ɹֺ󳹵װֻһ㣬ҲͬԷ˵仰
˽¸п̫СȲõʱǵŮĻָƷԲõʱһڳԷȥҽԺ鷢ԼӵʱѪѾĿˡ
⼸˿˵ű˵Ĺ£ޱϲ֮б͸¶Щˡ¼һֻܹĹӳڳ˵
ϵĺݣѩ׵ļɫѪܷıȴ޾֢˸еʹ࣬Ŵ⡣
Ҳʱˡ
ּ仰׻ֺ޲еĳֻҡ
ʲô룡ô룡
ѪԵôܹģ
ƫƫעͲˣƿ߶ƮԼǰ޵СԬġ˵˻һĻֻ;ȴƫƫԵֵŮڻ
ּͬİ·
СԬ˵֮ɢƶԼ֮:ѹˣҲ˺ˡ
ҿδܺãӵкܶѡܶİΪһǿСԬ
δ˶ֻĻں֮С
һ룬ǰѾļҲ״϶ѿּһʹԼоڤڤ֮ʲôˣ
֮ĸоֺµٲҿڣָ᯺ͺҲ˵һ仰ǿŹǿдǵ˽ᡢľһ㣬ڡ
ֱ˿̣ԲҪͬǶϾϵ
֪Ϊֹˡ֮ü١СԬ׷µһ죬Ҳԭ˵һ졣
ܣҪȻǻȳȥɡ
Ƭ̣ܲոֺһ״̬ҲʵڲΪʲôּ˾ȻԶ⡢ܿʮòһѪĮǲ̣
˵Ļǿ̬Լ˵Ѿȫǿ
һҵĸмԭһˣǰּ˿ֻΪǼ˸ã񡪡
ټ򵥲ҪȻҪ
磬ҾΪתԺס
ּ˴߳ܡη塢ŭãȵȸָӵʱ뿪˲̶ŵҪתԺ飬ҲҪűּϵĸרŶӿչơ
˵ͷ˳ʾǰæһԵ豸ԼҪֱ
ڡ
ΪĸףȻͶǰƺȴʵڿŮмϧŷ˲Ŀ״ôҪֱҪȰϢһʱֽˣܿҲʶǰ˲һ򵥵
ȫ֪
ӦҲ֪Ǽ֮Էİ⣬˭ǹİɡ
壬ҽԺѩ׵ͷϡСԬ飬ڵúú׬ȡֵֻڷЩˡ
ҪԼ尡
⻰ưһЩȻҪҳȫҷʮ֣ܿ־
θڡոմԵȻʦȴ˲ϢֻŲøļͥѪ׷֮࣡
ȲԼȼȥȱˣ
뵽ޱȿͱõ˼ңòһֲ۰֢ڴԵ
뵽¶СͲԼղšּڹµԱظӲҰܵӣһвԼͬ˸ּȺĲ롣
˵й¶ߴգܻѹ¶ѹ¶֮ࡣ
һĸ˶׿ھΪ̽δıҪش۵ģôִʦ᲻ҲΪ
ʣʱ˿ֻеԾķ򸾶˰˾ģʦıҪǮơλʲôòܾǵĹɷݣֻҪǰԼסԺķãǾ˵
ʱ⣬۴ʦʲôǶһɣκꡢ
ǴʦҪֱͨˣҲһҪôʦԸҲҪôʦΪȫһ
Ӷǰ컹֪ΪƳһ˫۾дж𾪵ʵǵذο⼸ģҿԵġ
Ȼ󣬾Ϳ˵۾ˣ


14 
ָһ߳޲ܵǰδеľ޴㱡
ʫãǵı˲øӹ졣ּҷǱ⡢𾪡֮񿴵ʫڣɵشող﾿ʲô
ѵո˵Ļ
ֺѹֱͬӵӴܿͶĿ⡣һһףϵѪҺһʱͷƫƫǱġ
ǰйһ뷨鱻˴߷ߣ໹ǳոոĿֲС
ôֻһ۾˶Ҳˣ귢ͷƤ顣
뵽ԼǰһԵóĬн벻ϲ뵽Լżĳ뵽˳ӣ˵ӵһ쿪ʼڳѹûֱֺҪ
ûʶ
ͷԭԼǸС
ָ᯶Ů촽΢Ҳֻ˵ȻؼҵĻ
ʼٴҲ˵һЩֶĪĴʦȴҲû˸˵Լ׿һ˵Ĺȥöų
ƫƫʧʮ꣬һؼһŮ
뵽ʫӸӡһʼûбƾıּҡ
ôΪƻ˽ҪȢǼҵλƸĸǧԴ·
ҲҪúһԼΣ
ʱоԼӱ˳סĽãȻͣפҽԺȣСϹǡĲʧȥɣ
˵ϾǾ仰ʼľ͸оԼĿڱ˿Ƶģ˲ֿʹ
ϵ飬ҲʲôѧƢûʲôԼ⡣
ʫ鸶ôĹذղҲԸᡣɲԸ
죬ΪʫһŮһҲΪѣƷԲˡ
̥ʮŮֵ˾֢ôԺϵأ
Ϊ˶˵Ůϲ̨棬ΪŮ͵͵᲻᲻ٰԼǷݰ㱻
裬𣿡
ʫС˾䣬Ҫȥǣģȴһ˸ա
ʱϺزĹVһ΢Ըƽֵ̨ĶҥưŮʿɱ˽ҡơĲʵۣưŮʿί@ʦ׷һһϢҲֹۣͣܺ壡
ȫһʦҲ漴ųǵһʦ
ֻĻǰոպһԲۣزĹVַ˵ڶ΢@ӦԶ @ֹ˾Ժ
ֱӿ˺ˣ
ǳԹϳ©ưͺزʲôϵΪʲôͻȻһҪĿǰ
һںѳЦʲôСǸʧǧֱϼٵĲټ٣ҾֱϴͷȻģ
סķӾǺİʲۺ񰡡ӦԶȻ㵽˴еŮͷϣҪˣ
ֱղţһܶ˵ưΪǮӦԶۣЩû˵˰ɡ˼ưѹɱӦԶӦԶŶӡ˾ڲڿްȻŪͨ˱ȶǧС㡭
ӦԶĹ˾ǿ޶޲ˣǵȻҲ˺زġս顱˾ͨ˵ĹϵȷưǺزŶ³ǰʧٵŮǶŮ
Ҳ˵ȥ˵̸ˣ˼ôŮ㹫˾˱Ƶòɱˣ㡪ʵ
ѵȰ棬ֹ˾ܳһ֪ͨ£ӦԶԼȫ߷ɱֱӽԷʲôҪ󡢳ͷǶϣöԷ
ӦԶûܵⷬյưǹڵزŮϢʱѾǰһڣ˹ȥ
ԭıԼ׻ˡ
ٷˡ
ճµʱӦԶˮڷQһȫʧˣ
Ȼǿ˭̨ӲʱǿӦԶѾˡҸղˢģҲӦԶˡиʮСԱֱóӦԶYPļ¼ˣһĵУ
ֹ˾΢ˣӦԶԼҪ׷Σˣ
ģڿŮйд֤ݣ¡ô˧Щ󣬾ȻôҲưûбĸһô
ưǸʱͶ·ҪɱˣҺñҵԼĸ˷·ת
ǸоͻȻʮȥˣͻȻҵĸˣ
˭֪زĹVȻַ˵΢ûĳֱȶۣҲ@ʦΪ빲ͬάռ䡣
ոգϳԹϳԵʹ켫ˣͻȻôģĵ΢һʱ䶼Щãĳֱĸֱ䣬غʲô£
Ĵţǵµͷһ㡾ĳֱ䣿Ǹֱ䣡
ų̛ϵƵѾȫ¼ܣԹϵ֮䡢صȺ֮䣬ĳеֱ仹ǱԽԽ㡣
Ҳʱ򿪲ˡ
ֱû趨̶ʱ䣬Ҳûйκεϵʽƽ̨˺ţҪֻӲֱƽ̨ȴʾ
ڣѧ󶼻ѧϰ࣬Ҳкܶ˶ĳ֡յƽ̨ʾϢʾѾֱ˲ӿ 
30598ûעֱ䣬ǱȶȺ͹עʵ̫
ǸĸֵҲһֱڻУ۵̶ٶһֱʵʱһأ
ϵͳӽðͷϸǰ˽ͳֿèͷΣƨƨߵض档
װûС˼Ҳûȥô֮ǰûѡֱѡʵʱһ
û󣬹Ѿˢ˵Ļ
ңӦԶưĴ𣡡
Ȧ˵İ԰ʵڲҲУԹϵģ
УװŪװ֪߸ʸߵϸѧñӣôѪ©ٳҲţ
ʵҲû˭վ˵ưŮֻǰԴԡǿġĶ˼ǿģѹûϸڡʵܼ򵥣ʱҪӦԶˣưǹҲҪˣ
ֱˣͬʱɵҲˡ


15 
idΪ¿ֻûڵǰ̴һԡ
רҵˮ˵ӹ̬ǧƽ̨Ҳ֪õʲôշȥۺžͱ⣬⹤СŻţ
˲УгֶУŻһѣֻֻŪ˼ҵϺţip໰Ĵࡣ
ϲ໰ʵҲûͣʲôɵѧȻô˿
ƽ̨ϵͳưְһɴ˵лʦŮ
ƽ̨ϵͳưְһɴ˵ھȥͨ΢֤ưŮ˭ҪҥԵʦɣ
ƽ̨ϵͳưְһɴ˵ƽֻ̨һʹʦǧôһζˢ㣿
ոջԵЩҵĸ·ĵĻֱӱôһһľͷɴ˹ȥ
ƽ̨ڼֵߵǧǮһĻɴˢ۾ϡﶯҲǲϱԼˢ¡ǡ
ưְֵ˺Ųֱӳֱġһ硱ʵֱȶֱӵʱƽ̨۵ҳƼλ
ûھյһɴ̶˳ʮ򣬿Ӻ˵׬Ǯ۾ˣ
TMDЩǮ˶Ǯûǰɣ˭֪ǲưְְ϶ǳǳ
б£˭ֱ
ţƾʹ
ˡ
Ŀݡ
žҪɣͻȻˣһİĿԱݸһݱĿݼǩա
ͷǩ˸֣˽ݼһԡ׼صǰ֣ͻȻιһ磬˲۾
ʲô磡
˺ü۾ֱǿˡ˭ۣͿĻмĳһƽ̨ʾ
û¿ֻãIPַ쳣ʱط׷Ȩ飬Ч֤ͷߡ
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ֱѾﵽλĹۿͷһξԲٳ
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ǳˣոպزĶ³Ҳͨ΢֤ǰһŮĶˡֱ΢ķţûԽԽ𣿡
ҲҲţʵʵͰɣϻȡ˲Ϊ֪ϢֱӲٿǧƽ̨ĺ̨ݣ˵ͨ˵ͨˣ
治ٿˢĵĻϣ˵
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16 
鿡ܣ꣬ðװ׾ģЦһԾѣСܣȥ105߶ģ
Խ:̩ʡ»еĵгſɢġĩҴȥˡȻ˵Լߵ˾ȥңȴײһ£˵һأҰѲ˼˾Ͳˣ
ڲгΧ˺þãȴôҶҲһ꣬ҲûҵĶӣ
ϣӸտʼԵЩִٵĵʡǵ˵ҪһضӵΣĻԭ֡ȤԵ
رǵһѺȻ˵صˣ˵飬ѵѰ£ֱҲõͳ
ңĲУҲû˺ĻҾҵҵС
滹ǵøղ˵Ļأ뵱ôѵ޳ֻſԼҽ͡
С̫һˡ
ԭֵģŴ󲿷ѧֱʵҲӡ뷨ڷǳϣ汾£ЩҪˡ
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ʮ˶פŵֱ䣬೤ţƣǰӦԶġ
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ֱһĶݣϵͳϵ׶»СԭеĹأֱӽкڵľַĸǡ
ڣҪתԺˡ
ҽѺƷʱſ
̫̫п˳ȥһڱӵڿƶĲϾôż˸ϵ¶ҽԺ
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΢գգۡ
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˵꣬۾,ƺ̫ƣٴν˯ߡʵϣͬһֱԼСԬͨԼ˵
ҶּͬҵĹϵ㻹ѹ𣿡
ͨ󣬻޷̫õġνͶ̥ĲͬΪ󲿷ʵɲ˹ֻɵĻɢУΪһӡ
ȻּµɢĻҲƬĻݣҲܸŵСϣٴεΪˣ㻹Ѿ㡣
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ӵо޴ִӵêŲɢ
ͨԼֱŮǴеıǲĺˡɳɳַ磬˲͸оȡ
ǩԼҲΪ㲻ԺɢӵжЩʱ濼δҪߡ⼸սĿھ㲻ûԼҲ
СԬº͵ؽԼӵеѡô׵˵˳ѡһֻصּߣרӵĹޣԵȥһ߿һ
ͨϺǿΪƿһĴš
ȻôѡСԬƬ̵ãͬʱĳֵӵʵ𣿡


17 
СԬ¿ʼͰ˼Ĵ󲿷ּ񣬺СͱҪڹѧԼԼ
ôȻǼıķߣò˰Ĺע밮һصĸңһҹ֮ӳСѼ˰죬СѼͲǰˣȻһǸˡ
Ȼദûã֪ΪԼĹϵСԬȻȻͺͶԷ˷׽ΪԷչֳһеֶǱûеġᣬСԬһθܵԼرģǺܺõġ
ΪѡҲ϶˷
ڡ
ȻСԬĹ¼šĵͨû缸ʮҲŵġȻǩԼͳʮСˣʱͿԾԼʲôʲôˡ
˵꣬һſƽһĴСԬԴͰɣ
Сɼ졢ͬʱݹҲһߡҲŻ˶ʮСԬͭ۾
ȻԼͨ׷ϴеĲɻĪأ
ͱһˣʮأ
ѹ綼ûСԬĹ
ϵͳԼСģһͳĳ׷ٺ٣⼸ҲСԬǸС޺㲻ӰЩͷ۾Ầ˵Ļ
ԴȷǸٹĴоһֱԼᱻϵͳתȦеԲȦ衣ֻҪȥԼò̫þɣְнӭȢ׸ͳָտɴ
ˣиϢǸˡ
ȻԼõϵͳ˹ǣ۾һâĹ࣬ȴҲûСִġùӰġõΪסġֻûкҰ֮ǰǲ˴ˡ
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Ǳ˴˵ϵϼҵӰ죬Լ⼸ܿˡ
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ٻֵѡԼСԬ״̬ͨ˿ţƮŴȺ⣬ʹǰ˲˲ࡣ
ҽԺҲʶδĹԺƮҽԺ޷̸עⲻ˵ĴڣûǵͻԽԽֱɢ
մеĻ˵ʵ㲻ǹҽԺ֮˻ܼ֮
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18 
һĳ, ʱѾˡ
ǵؿΧİĻЩԼȻĸδıġϴʦָǧ֮ԭС
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ϵĶԽҲڴ˿ͻȻûȶ˵ʲôѸһʾСţĬǰֱס˻Ϻӻɽ
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Ȼᣬش尢̼⣬һͷ˺𣿡
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ǧֱƽ̨һλϣõǵϡֱӶԽһ
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ǵǧֱƽ̨һȿȣһֱ䡣ķͷСӦҲţ
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ôԤưҪ¥ô·¥ֹôҵ򸾣ôþ＼Ĵţ鲻ϵͳĺۼôôϸǿѨĹ˿ŻϢ
ʦϵλ׶йĺӳҲող˶ԷߵĵȷελɿӵĸΥΪ
ʦȻǧƽְ̨ճȴֱ̫
ǧƽ̨æڸռƽ̨ġ˽⣬ȻҲûرķӦרҵһ·ˡ
Ƕ⽻ָ֣΢΢һ
֪һ棬˵ǽͷʢ˾ϵܶϣͬǩܵԼһ棬˵ܡ
ȷϾߵû⣬ǧƽ̨רҵṩϡ
ֻǣ־ΰõǱһֽ֮Ķƽ̨ͬʽʱüֻЩϣ
йϢľֻ֤ƬԼһֻ롢һһпţȲǹڲϵͳ¼ڲʵ
ͬǩͨԼֻҪύϢǩȷϼЧ֮⣬ǲռ˽ȷʵˡ
ҵĹԱžֱͣջ𣬸òҪ±˰ɣ
Ϊƽ̨ζÿֱƽ̨ķԼԹԼǶһЩۺͿֻŵۡ
ûר˺ֱͨݣ
־ΰվ̼࣬͸ǧ˴˲Сѹȡ
ձЩ֮ʱȻһнĽŲ
һĸߴװĵ˴һȺֱӴ˻Ҵš
Ϊ׵һ׾ŵĸӣϵһ˿ĸ߶ʵʵͦıһ˫˿۾ԵĿȿ˿ڡ
ӳãǧƽ̨˳
־ΰѹվֻǵȡһϣĹ˾ܲþԹһˡ
־ΰʮͣʮӾġӲʡܵİ참顢һ˿Ĺ׶
۶쵼Ǯеλҵң㲻棬һԶ¹ž˷
£ҵϢѧ²ϵȶǰأ޳ṩҶרĹ˳ܣǿ˼ֳֺ֣ܿɫ
ܣ˾ϵ淶ֱݡҲṩ
־ΰֱ֪ƽ̨ʵռûעϢ
ճ¼IPֱַļ¼ƽ̨ϵķԵȵȣΪǷȡṩһ鱨
־ΰصûֱ˵漰˽ǱҪļȡ
˳Լҹ˾ֱƽ̨лԼռ˽ⲻѾػַ˶Էδѵ뷨
ǧƽ̨ڣµļҹ˾ͬһϢϵͳϵͳչҷɷԶȡӦݿչжж޷û˽ֱٻܴû˿Чв鿴κ˶޷ȡ
˳Ļ˵նûκλء
ǰûκһҵڼҵӪݰȫ泬Ƴϵͳ
⼸ҹ˾ݿҽӵȨޣи߲㶼޷棬ˮ׼ļܰ취Ҫƽ⼸ǲܡ
һԴ鱨ϢĳͬСߺ־ΰܱѵһϢţаͷĺܶҲλʰ·磬ӽ˹ܵϵͳҲ֪ġ
־ΰ֮ǰҲǧƽ̨ϣ֪λˡȴû뵽ĻչôѸ٣λҲطֱԳҵҿģˣ
ǰ˳š
üۣ͡ɾһ˫ִƴȨĹ˾ܲáҲλӵиˮƽļߣСϲǽʲôģ߳һ㡣
ڵĳ࣬λϵȴʤò
־ΰϸ΢ע⵽Դ߽ңǰѾڵǧԱǸļλıֳ̬һر״̬
ϵλȻȻֳŵͬʱΪĵĳ˷ԵЩɡ
ұ˲ûӵʲôûоԵ֤֤ٵ£ǧƽ̨ȡκж
һеĿܡ
˳ֳ棬ûжı飬Ȼ¶˵һǿơ
Ĵ𸴣־ΰӣȻ͵վһָӵĽǶѹ֣ظˡ
άȶǵΣû㹻֤֤ȷⱾҲԹڲκΣ֮ǰǧƽ̨ϱϹڰȫֱͣǿ
˳ȵϣԵʦѾŲæʳ˹ؼ⣺ӳͷִļ𣿡
־ΰ⻰۾˻ȥոൽЩ˵ıҲڣһ㿴Ρ
ԣֻʱҲϵùͨԷһ
һ˵ţӳһƳԼµֻڿԭйѾץסСңʼĿǰṩĿڹڽܵؿչŲ顢׷ٺܿȻذֻĻ
ʱͮҲյǰסԺϢ
ûгԹֱϵ
ûͮϢߺӳ˳ָʾһ̨ʼǱԣٹʳֱӵİ취
ֻһֱڹػ״̬Թ罻ƽ̨˺ŷϢûõظ
죬ͬϵĸĸҲûֱͨϻ
־ΰ⿴˺Сͬ־ʾˣۼҲûʲôջʹ˳룬һվֱּҡ
£Ҳˣ
Ǹʼ𣿡
˳תʼǱĻʼչǰ
ոգ˲ݸֽϵַԼ۾עҵݣ֪עʱṩֻ޷ϵҪֱϵ
Ȼ󡪡ظֱַӹȥ
־ΰ̫ѨһͻǷݸոջûʲôֵϡʱ˿̣Ǳֽϵַޱۡ
ͷ֮ǰϵ壬ʲôô˼㷢ʼԷأĥϰ컹˷ʱ䣿
ĸ֮ǰùĸ罻ȥϢʯ󺣡ͨϵͳֱӻظʼҲʾʧܣոնǧƽַ̨ͬϣֻ뱧סԼͷԩҲ֪ô°
ʱ䵹ǰգ϶СԬ˺ţҪϵңͳӼǵðҴ
ϵͳϣ͸ע䣡
ֻǣϵͳļֱܹͻǵ磬ԷڹϵͳҪظʼȴС
Ϊϵ˵ֻ罻˺Ҳ˹˼άëΪǸٵַ
һ󵭵ΣͮὫոյϼָʾԼڵĵַ˺ӳ
ӳҲͬ·ôĴ׼ǰĿĵء
˳ҲʱߵһԣȻȻط룺ӳȻҹ˾ظʼǾһȥɡ
ӳ
֪Ͳˣ
û˿˼ɵ˾Ǻ־ΰһ˵һ鵽˺ν·;
˴³֮˱ǵľ˹βò״꽻ͨ¹ʣȻêˡ
Ϲܵݣһ·³һ·ȴֿŹǿļʻƽʥҽԺĺü³ԺٿʱȻ֮ͬǰһˡ
ܵǸˣų˼òſѧҵĴԣƾһֵҲԶʧҵ
־ΰЩγһλСͬ˳Ź˳ĵЩʲôپҵ
Դ˥˵ˣôֱ˵Щ汾ºҲûôˡ
Ͼ̫ѧˣ
ֻǣǰ־ΰȫû뵽ȻסԺˡѵ⼸յֱҽԺɵģ
ͬ뵽ؼϢеҲ˸ƶǸƭӵĲ룺һסԺСԼ岻ôı¡
˽ҽԺӴǼǴĹԱòѯ̽˭־ΰ˵֣ԷȴͿ˵ûоֹͬڡ
װ޵ظûʣпһĶ˽ҽԺһѵصİԱ־ΰϽһǸո·ϸȥʼûд𸴡
ܣ
Ŷ³˴סԺԶԶƼһȺͬҽԺǰ̨ĹԱ˵ϳȺеĹ˳
ԱǱߵĵ绰Ҳǡʱ𣬻ʿС绰һ̧ͷ¶һÿЦݡ
С˵ڿԼǣֻЩֻ࣬ù˳Լٴһͬ½ȥ
ʺӳ˭ȥȽϺãͿλͬϵıЩ졣ͮ죬û˵ô֪˺ܶˣô֪ӵǺӳ
ϵ֮϶˼Ƥ
Թԣ׼ﷸǴ𣬿ÿѧܽ͵԰˼ҹԸ񡢾ϵĶ͸ŹŹֵĵ£Ҳܵĳεѹ
ͮҽȥ
־ΰûԥ⼸СʹҽԺԼͮȥʶʶһĿ
ո̽ʦ׼ؼҵŷһۿű̬ʶ͸ְҵľԼߵĹ˳ǾȻҪȥʦǰ̨Ա׼˳һǰȥʱ漴ʾԼԴǹȥ
־ΰ֮ͮǰͿưĸϣҲϳλŮʿ
ŷ˿Ǹӣ˵Ҳǽں־ΰʱ򣬷ŻԵº浾̱÷ˡ
ʦһּ˸ˣȫ˵ˣ
̫̫·ͽһ㣬Ľ塢ϧִŶ˲΢΢߿ѵ¶ͮЩզࡣ
ǳװǰλ̫̫ҲŮҵҵŷշ˰
־ΰƳ硣ĿǰΪֹŮľҲȫԲĶˡ
ǲ˶Էı£ҲҽԺæǰæڻĵԱ
زַӶо˵ʽ׼˶ԣΪԶȸʲôлֳܱӡ
ϵסԺ߲㣬ܹ־ܵļȷϣŪذӿ¥㣬̫̫ĽŲȻطˣٶǡ
ʦŻϢʲôǿǰãҪ̫õʱ䡣
ʦ岻ãҪϢ
ԱһĿԽãͬҽԺͬⰲøźӳͮͨͨҪˡ
⡪Ȼ
Ĳ˸ָ߾ҽȴͨĻϾһЩɾʵװþԵ÷Χûôѹ֡
һĺڷŮڲϱǣǡڼ˽ŵһתͷ
ͮסȻ18֤մ¶ĳԤֱƵټһЩۣͮΪ뷨˿ȴܵ˱ԤлҪǿҺö౶ĳ
ü𣬼ѩأ纬ⲿǻѹдĴŮ
֮ͮöԷ˶ڷ⣬һŷִӴͶĹɢ˸ĽɫΣƳ
ʥ׵ĸоǿԹڽ̳ϵıڻһ㡣
صķΧкŮصʷٿʱԾò
Сᣬ־ΰһʱ˸Ϣƺòᡣ˶ҽûһѪɫݡ
ܣּˡ
ڣ˳һ΢ܿͬãȻ֪⡣
λ׶йֻܶӵĶӳ־ΰ٣ϣֱͣ
£־ΰ̲ͮסˢˢһ͸ǰѻ˵˵Ĺ˳ŭĿӡ
Ȼ󣬺ӳԴҧгݵǻС̫ͨȥһ¡
˳˳ȥ־ΰûиղôŭˡվڲٴδǰףɫֶţҲȫȻɵŮȻͬ˸
ոյԭйִϢλ鿡ܵСѾҵˣл㡣
־ΰվؽֱڶǰ׼׼ͬ⣬ٿ֮ǰӡ
ǸˣЩɥʧԵﷸ˷ӸޱʹޣǰŮ֪ϢĨȥĹ͡
Ȼ̹Ȼͬǰ˿żɽڹְǻҪȷ⡣
һǰֱзǷʵ٣
ڶͯ¼ĹŻǷС㡱
Щ׶йôԴž޴硣
տʼΪǸƭӣΪǲɧųԴĲչթƭΪҪйעͬʱ龡罫סóҿͻȻԴѧ֮˵ǸΣԵǱڷ˵¡
ҲΪ̫⣬һѧ֪ʶض˷ʲôˮֱƽ̨Թʵڲֱӷɡ
ֱӵ鲻κϢԴԷֱûκҪļ󡣾Ȼͻ˹Ƿν˿ڰ°׶йڵĲ˶ըˡ
Ȼڲ磬ֱӸֳνǡưɣ
ԷǷϢϵͳץ
ԣϢȷ𣿡ֻԸֳȻ
ĿǰٿȷгˮƽϢܹδ֪ҲˡôǴάȫĹλ𣿡
һȦڡտ־ΰԼܶӳꡣ
ҲǱϷˣˣҲƣԷǸΨ²ҵƬӡǵĹһУԴΪءΪأҪóԶҪ
գһӳ˴ιŻﰸ죬ӳ顢Ӵˣˮʯ
̧ͷλӳס°ͣԭۿüζҪɹȴǹһ񡣡
Ϊߡ
־ΰСǰЩִͯƵ˽±ԱСӵӡ
ûʶ˭˸ţ༰⣺ֱ˵ܹȥδܿŮ׼Եĵʲô𣿡
΢΢ۣµ¶⣬һõ廨͵ĵ⡣
־ΰ̴绰Ů׶԰ʦ˵뿴һŮʲô
ͨʦֻŮһһڵʽõ廨ƨƨߵͬôˡ
ͮһѾɵˣ𣿾ԼּͨϵͳʲôģʲôҲûа
־ΰɫ䣬Ȼָͮʣʲô
ͮҲӦúͬھԺзӰࡣǾֵʳкз񣬽ӦǴš
⣬ҲȳԵ⡣Ȼ˿ȣȻ΢ЦؿλС㡣
֪ͮź˿ϾԲܳԵ⣡ôŵĹĻԵ⣡
δ飬־ΰûж˵ֻһ⣺ܳɹ𣿡
ʱʼ˵Ѿȥһ졣
˵ͷƽ˵Ѿʵ˫ĺһעӹñѣġ
־ΰһǾͺ˳С㣬Υҹ涨񡢹衢˿ѧļϢϵͳΪǴҹ̷ġ
ϵͳں־ΰ˿ĵطۣǺĸṩǾȻץΣûˣ
ͳˣû´Σ
ֺܿٺ٣ļ̽ⲻҵжκμ¼Ӵ
˹ǣӦֻǿϵͳϵͳԹ˵ԺһעʱŽƿ
־ΰͮ߳˽ҽԺڲ϶ϸܣÿ¥ÿûбעͲ֢йصϢ־ΰϤЩѵ֪ôˡ
¿ֱʼӦҲʲô󲡡
˳߽ѾӸոյɻص˲ϣͷûʲôģһڣƽƽĻȴЩ񣺡ָֻԭĸоΣ
˳ǰ£Ųϵ˫ۣʱ۵ȻЩƣ롣
ô˵㲻ǶҺܸȤ𣿡
ڳ˵׼ΪŮĻ˳ȴ׶Է˵ʵ
ժ¼۾ͫתЩâͷˡ
ʹǰͬˣǸԻĿǰв֤òΡһˡ
ϵͳСԬ
ĵ˵
л˵
գ


19 
ϵͳߴߴСԬۣ˸òİ߰ɣôôϸ΢ı仯, Ҷܣ
СԬĲʶ
ֻ˵ĻɳϹ˳Ȼαͦ
ֻͣܣͬԭλСֻһ֮ԵǡҶˡ¶ǵñȽ
˳˵ù, ;ʹټҵӵĵλԭǸš
ӵгԽ˵̣ܵٵǰաͻȻ˸ฺظţܲμӵĿԡ, һֻǹ˳, Զ˦ڶһء
һ·ࡢͬõѧѧѧλ˳ͬһΨ㲻ͬžǱǸšҲӵù
Сʱ, ֪ʶӳûŹʲôѧ֮˵Ĺ˼Ҳס⵹ùˣĬĬΪĴƽ, ֻ˳
˿ôùģ˭ס
Ųᱻ򵹡ͣͲǰϾóľܽᾭ顢⡣
Ȼ޷ı䵹ù״һùĻʽ͡ʧС
ʣǿⲿ򡢶ܵǿܱ߻Ĺ۲죬עǰӦԷʱø༼ģ⡢ԤպͿܡ
ССĹ˳𽥳Ϊģһ·ùҲһ·ߵ˽졣
ֻ˸ƣ˴ߵ綯İť÷øӻ谵ҲӱڵȻ붨, ȻЦʲôϵأ
㲻Ǹµˡ˺ﶼû, 㲻Ǳϵ罻ԴЩ, һ󡣡
̫÷ֻᷳ, Խͨ˶ֻӦԵĳݡ
һʵ, ˳΢, Խ졣
һʼҲΪֻǳѧ˵ǴĦĵİߡ
ư鲢Ʋ⣬ֻҪ˽⵽Ϣ׾ƶϳԸض龳ѡһʧɢļˣѵ㹻ǰҲޱȡ
˳˵˶٣ȻΣģͬŶЩͬ
ֻԶ̲ٿشߡշŻһڼҲʵֲ˵ģĳֽǶṩ֤
øӵͳȴԽӷɡ
ļǰνĹûѧϰûչ¶زʵ̫ڸǣÿѧʱ䷢һûκ⡣
ڴϣ˳˵ֻйزܹ֪һϵĻչֳޱȡЩһһ۵ĸҵҽȻͬ
ԣҶȷʵǺܸȤ㾿ӵЩʵˮƽΡ
˵λѾýȻͬԭϵʵʵƱ˷غɳϣ޳˫Ҳŵشһ
ĸ򣬹˳ûĵ֡  ϶Ҳġ
ưһƼǿֹ۵ŮȴСԼŨصѡһ
ͬһԱֺЩֽǿⱲӶҪΪô֢ҲҪν룿
ز޷ڱƤô顣
˳̾˿Щѹ
ֱڷȻı仯ǲǿԼߵĳ֡ƤٶڽǱĬĸı䣡
Լ߳ȵĳͨ˿ĵطעҲǻĳ޷˸֪Ĵ
谵Ĳ֮У˳Խ貣˾սԵ˽ޱ˷ܡȸԾĹǶδ֪ļȿҰġ
Ҳܺλǽͮľٻ᲻Ԥԣδİš
һͬĿԴ
ԽѹԽԵÿȣ͸Źɲ
ոջЩļӰԵϵͳ˿ѾСԬ󣬺ķȵССԬ
ϱǸУôţҲˣʲô
СԬҲùë𣬲ΪܺܿϵͳƵģڵ̬ơﶼһǿҵġΣյĸо
ԼΪʲô֪иոԤٰͮԵ鰡òһֱڼǰɣ
Բۣ̬
оһһͳӺͷŭѡǡ
ְסԼǰ˵ӲԽԽܵĹ˳
ֶΣЧҲǿ
װ˿ȵӣҲ̽ңʵ̫ˡ
ԴϵͳܹСԬ࿴˴ˡܹͨһôܵؽһͳ
ʲʲô˼
Ļ˵˳Щ˲ȥָģƽջҪ䵭֡
ðɣҴˣе㶪ˡ
ֻǾô󲿷˶ƿءԸɿڡңЩҵҲ˵ġ
˳̫ջضȣССź֮еĵȻǲжǲһƿǿˣȷʵͦ
˳ȷǸոձݳļˡŵԸ
ĿǰĹһĸպ״̬ʱ⡢ʱоؼʱԼϳ⣬Ҳƽѡ
ôͻȻΪһԶ׼
ӦñôùŪطף;ˡ
ȷʵЩ죬Ҳȷʵе档
˳оԼװЩˣϵҲԿʼҲЩͣɴȻھֻа׵ĵط
ʵʵԼ󣺡Ҫѧϰ
Ҫʲô㶼ǧƽ̨еԴ㣻߶ϼ罻ƽ̨Ĺɷع⡢רֻۣҪʲôˡʲôҶ԰ȥѰҡ
˵꣬Ҳ֪ǲԼԵøӳϿҡơ˳¶˼ĵһЦݡ
ΪƽЦЦݱʹЩɬĸǽģѵöһ˸е桢Ҫͷ˵ĸоܿ콫Ц˻ȥֻһݡìȴʮֺÿĻת˲š
ܺÿҲȷܴ֪ȱʷĶץסֱͼ̬ǫ͵κ˫Ӯ
ֻһϽԣֿƵ˰ˡ
ֻҡҡͷŶ
ǿ͸ĳ˹ѧ߶߶ģҪŻΪһԶûС
СԬĳЩԶѧһͬѧûԵҪѧĴżûпܡ
˳лǵһ˶ۣ˵û츳
ɱȱǰ˺˵Ǹѵĵùضˡôûأ˳Щš
ԭƽ˸ǰˡƺҲһ̰İˣȴӰǵĶԻ
񣬻Ұϻ˴Ӱϡ̫̰ģá
˳üͷ𣬷ʣ˼һģҳʾûа취ѧϰĳЩҵĹȥעδ
ûشԹԵؼǰȷʵѧûо֪ܶͨģﶼܱ֮ܳΪ
ѧϣ˫ʵʾӡӵ΢ǲʵȡڹ۲ߵĹ۲ⷽʽӵķʽ۲⼴ʾԣԲķʽ۲ʾԡ
۵ܹ۲⵽ļڣ¼ııǡͬŴʥ˿е˼ڻӦ֤
˳ŮӳѡӲʵʷѾűӵкֵĳʼδҲԸıȥ
ҼȻ˽Ϊ˵һܲĸı䣿˵Сãȴû˵ܡ
˳һֿͣ˵˾䣺Ǹղŵ̽
ͷȫԴʽ֪ʶҵˡ
žડ
źȻ򿪣ǲ鷿Ļʿоˣ²ûйغôһ
˭֪һֻڲģ֪ô±ϣȴûУǴƮš
Ȼλʿ͸ʱ͸Щиװĸƺϥڲ˴ǰǰͷˣ
˲ͷʿʿҲЩסˡ
˼ˣ
Ǹһǳɣֱʿڶα򿪣һææ˾䣺˼ǵùغôòҲŲˣ
һιţȷʵǸϽˡ
һһͳãڲǵλãСԬʲôѧ۾Ѿתϵͳ˵ĺƤȻ˵ʲôҪԼˣޣ治Ҫ
֮ǰǹҪСͳλãСλݣˣ
ŰѽԽԽˣͳĺüѣ
˳һػͷȫʵĹ˾о˼ҲҵͷĻʱƽ̨ΪоĹϵһֱͬڶļУкֵǮĻԼ
ȻܽӴԼȤ˳Ҳ˴򹤣һʱָʹ
ǿصı꣬ҲףҪôִǾײһײǽ
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ôԵɵԼܼ򵥷Ź
뵽ƳڴβͰ͵ɥϵͳңԼҪء
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ϤѾȫݣһӼŶСܾת˵˵Ķƭ˵ģ
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һͬؼеȴСֹʾûץס֮ǰҪ©
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֪Ӧͬ־ĻɸԼôûģƾʦϱԩ
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20 
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Ķ˵ˣȫ˵ˣҾһʱԳ˱, ˼ҶжӣӲֻܻǮ˼ո, ûйˣ
ɽƵ϶ǰľʹ飬ֻǹһϾð˴Ѻ룬ҲԵĺڡ
ǺóԺúŶޡ
ҪƱ磬ϾѸٸ˿, ٳСΪԼĶӡ
˼ϡչСԼļ, ȱʲôóԺúȡ
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21 
СԬͻȻ͸оԼԼ޷ϵϴ, ԭúõҲʼѪֱԣһͳһɵˡ

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ҪĻԷУײ˱˴һưȡˣҪһ˳۵߾סһЩˣͽһˡ
ջָһЩȴǾ֢֮ʣһ˿ѪƤ̫޼ɵڡ˽š
ǣ̫˵֮ߣıԭĽֶ⵽ɡ
ǴǰǸ꣬ǿĿס˾ʮ˵׵֮Ȼ㷴ɲ񡪡ֻǸѪƤ
ĹҪҪ
Ļ׸֮ˣûŪֻʣһѪҲҪӲȥѶԷҲð˭Ūù˭
ĳֳȴͬԴ·Ҳ֪ôش˽ϸͺô
ǣ￪ʼܡϵһϢҵȴԽԽʹ죬ûˡƽƾϳӲôõĽǷһչˣ
һҲƺﲻԾΪʲôϤϱͣΪʲôԽԽǿˣ
֪kԺ뷨һЦŸߵkĸоûд
֮ߵһ춷·ܹǣ˵ˣӵзΪƸΪ˿ѵΪһνԹߣ
ͨԹ˵ˡνĸյõ
ҲĳЩ˵ĵȴġ
Ĺһľη֮ģҲһĳӣϵϵĵеĹ˼
ҲգѾ˲Щϵˣװ
ı˵˲ۣܲܵǳ̬ÿһؼᶨһǰͬʱԽĵֻøǿ
ؽ棬塢ĴϰߣֻҪû͸ͦȥֻȴǰһ
ֻ
׶ĳڣ˳Žʵ顣ɫĿйԵԭΪˣɫ۾רע񣬴˿κε˺¶޷
⣬ԼҵʦоļԺУĲʿܵ쳣
ûзֹܽ첻̫ԾïĲʿһԵͬŸ̾
̫ˣɹʲѧ
ͬʦʦܵԴ͸ŷڵԼҵʦ͹Ҳ˲š
֮ܵǿоڵ˾ûвģǵʦͺöζ˼Ҹ̾һоͷһʱĿѧұˣ
ʵ˽ǲ˶Ϊܲһһ߿ҲеġϾĺܵù
ȻӲӲרҵð١ҲǺҪģ
оӢ˽ת߶߶˵ĲҪ̫࣡
شʵǰһʷԼѧƵŴУԡ°ʾһɹܽȥʼʵ顣
ΪܶʱȷģҲΪָԭʵʧܡɹͲһɾô©һϸڶƲȴţ󱻱ȣоѪͶȫ֮
ܾôùˣΪ׵ССɵĪʧܣʵߵʶ˲ߺü
ԣƽԼ̫󡣸໹ǽоָ˿չڴƿҲʱָԽ
ǱϷƣѧϵߣ
ɽ죬һͻ·ɱʵңȻһСޱ˳
˳ֵ¼·ӦýۣеĶܣǰЩѾùǾ÷档
ʲôԭ
ϴĳûбڷֵеӰ﷢ĸʣνġˡ͡جˡ
ʲôʽڣӡǲôӰ˵Ȼ
ǰĳԻ߶йɵ˶ǴھʶطӰ죿
ûʲô취Բ׽ǣй۲⣿
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ӵĶԱ೽ȥ˽˵绰Ĺ򣬺ȻӵǰͻȻྡ
Ƕչôˣ⼸ö˶ֱ˯ѹܴ󰡡
ëǡôӱ߹ƽջͦչ˵С͸ĵȥļҪҪŪ
ѹȷʵȽϴҪǶӳǩ˾״˵һܾ͸㶯
೽лûǹʲô̶ˡ
ëҲû˵ʲôģͬһСӽֲܱͬ˴͸¶ϢȻҲʡ
Ƚˣ
һͷ̫̫ҲѾ׶ϵŵùʦݻƲЭǴڷЧӦġ
ջҪϺתƹ˾Ʋ֤жշԺĲöܹ߶ٲƲ
ͥһ޵սҪֻǱ֮ǰƵǣȻ˼ֵ
׶ĵȥҽԺһּҶִʦ
źȸϵҽԺȴѾԺϢ溴绰̫̫ʴʦǷǷѾת˼ңȴͷ̫̫֧֧˵ڲڼ
溵׷£֪ʦż˽ˣĿǰּҲ̫ϵ
溿Ϳع˵绰Ͻȥһּҵ顣ǰԼԹȥĳЩ˿ģ˲롣
մʦı£ǱżǿƴߵģżҲ·ּȻƸλѷɫ٣ŮҲҪ˼ڡ
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ˣżȻּܵ߾Ե̫ˣȻ޷ϵԼŮ
Э¼Ҳ׷ҲֱǸԼƶԷΪִʦ
ҽԺִʦ廹ǺܲõӣôææתԺòᷢʲôɣ
ŮĻҲüͷּͬʦ֮ʲô϶
ǡȻҪվڴʦһߵģ
ҵӦ⹫Ļȥרҵѡ˸Ųó
ȿߣش˴Լӣûб⼸Լɵġ
˽Ƹ˱ʾڹ˾˵һ죬ʱ־ô꣬ת˲Ʋ߶ʲôֽţ֤ݿ϶Ҳ̫ҡ
ǰɷ/׻ؼҸ̾òãֵʧĻԼĴͶʵΪĸŮɵأȴҲֻܵרҵʿĽ
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溸˵⻰˻ȥλʦԡ
Ҫô˵ǻǹҿˣԼɷôáұ㻹˼ʮأʲôҲᡣ
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ʵǲ˵ôй˾ƲһҪǮߣĸŮǽǮصˣǮƣǸҪǼҸʳǼɡ
ΪǮΪ˵ɵôֻ꣬ʵ̫ˣ
֪㲻ϲ֣Ҳϲ̳϶թһסֻҪûǵĶͺãȻĸŮԼԼȥ
溻侲طδ
Эͺɽ֤ݣĸŮδѾ̫Ҫˡ
ЩƲתˣûа취һҲֻգҲˡ
רҵרҵȥ̫̫Ϣ⼸ܲټʦһ档
˵Ҫټһ棬۾һҪҪ
ȴҡҡͷŮϣǰСԻ㣬ЩЩ㣺˲̫̰ġ
һڶξͱ޽Ƶ̰
Ⱥ˵ͷĻ
ǸʱִʦҲûֱӸô븸飬˵ƵģԼȷʵ̰ˡ
δҲܶѣܲÿһξڱˡ
ҹɽ绰˵Ӧ꣬ϾͲˡ
Ͳ뿴Ǹ˵ֵڣɴӦŮͬһ˯ĸŮ˾ôһһҹ
ڶϣڲ͡׼ȥѧһҶе˰̽̽ɽ˽ӡ˽Ů鷴붨ˣʦ˵һҵػ֤ٺò
Ǻɽ̫һжСһҲֻܿ
ҪŮϳܼͻȻҴææظյ˵˼仰ǺȴδĽơ
ǽѧУһ첻ѧˡ
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صУɢ˱ϵӶˣ溲ŲŵС˵˸ոչܼҵĻְ֡ոձץˡܼתץǰĻץʱȥˡ
ȵ۾һɴôҲû뵽ôһϢ
ץˣ
溸ϽԼͷԱ侲ѣһϢϡ
ɽǷʲô飬ôͻȻץոչܼҲû˵ֻǿıԲʲôС飬ԼȥԼָô̡
óֻ˼ɽ쵼ĸҲֻֻţٳûж
ɽûʲôΥ飬ò̡ˣԼָҪϸ
һùܼҰѾʲôŪڣҪȥ˾һˣ
ǰɵӣڿɲˣ
ϻͬһְԼŸռŸְ棬ͬ͵ͨԼճעȡϢ
ʱˢ³һЩ˸жĺ˺¡ߵţȻҲٲϾʹδֹͣսѰһ졣
ǰձĺںĳѧġ̨춼ûпϻвٹעºչˣˡ
زҵţʲô˾ʲôˣôŪ۾ôŪ
ĳˣͷڹˣ
׬ˣҪͣʱ١²أŰɣͿԿĸ˵ҪʲôշȺأ
ɵƲŻʲôԤԣҪǸҿҿ΢ҲѪͷ˭ţ
Ȼˢ˸ոձز޵Ľʦ
Ҫ⼸϶ǧֱΪ68888з̰衢ΥΪû@һûͬ罻Ƶƽ̨桢Ժϵ֪ͨƬ
⻹û꣬ǧֱƽ̨ͻȻҲùٺŷǧƽ̨ĺϷȨ棬ά̬ȡ
˱ܱƽ̨ϵͳ⵽ڲԱжûǱľۣǰŵһоǶĳѧ
ĳЩֵ˵̫ˣǰǧֱ㶨ˣǮȨѹˡǱ벻Ҫף@˸Vý˺Ҫ¶ڰʱ׶Ҳһͨ档
ͨ5.29ش˿ڰ½չӷȫץ񡣾ڽһ顣
ƶ̶̵仰ɱСΧսȶȸ̫ˣûþ͵ѣԼٶֱԾѵһλã
ܶ˶û5.29ش˿ڰǵﷸѵ飬û뵽Ȼ˹ץס˵ͨ
ֻ©ڵȵȫˣ
СʱڵϿıʱС˾޴Ӱóһʱ䶼رԼ˹ߡྯˣô껹ڼץ
ѾЩǲˣոȥ¡ٶ˰Ͻ̣
ҪǵĹصһޣʮļ֣鰸
ͨ´󲿷ֶǵĵޣҶЩΰöˣЩ˷Щ͸ȫץ
ڶһ˺ŵĻظԵøעĿлʦлذһ˶ӣЩ˷ӱؽܵƲã
ѵҲǹܺߣѵ˵΢ŴһǰʼѰҶӵϢѰµƬбֽ̨ĽͼǸܺߡ
ֻǣΪʲôö΢Ϊʲôǧֱĳֱţ
ǵϲһ˶ӣҲȰ⽨ŲҪУ
˼һ㲻ȰνĴ˵ĳЩ˵ĳԷ
ʲôѧƭ˵ģ˼ƭǮѰɡҵҲɵģ
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@û˼ҵĻظȴ⼸ͻȻת˹Ӫʻ˴ͳĻĺ٣
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ĳֱڼǰ˵ԭƽǼ¼ֱϱתˣֱǧ򣬻ڲϵزʽУ
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֪˶õĹ˳׶ȥҽԺٴ̽ȴյȵϢ˳ɫһ¡
ĺӳҲɵˣʲôȣ
ôȣ
õҽרҶû
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22 
ʱ, ־ΰҲٹ˲ñ֪Ǵ̽״᲻Щϸ֦ĩˡ
еץסһԵŶ³õʲô컹úõģôͻȻҪ̨ˣ
쿴Щʧ̬ĺ־ΰԥƬ̻ʵ˵˳Ҳ˶, ּԼԭҽԺЩҽ֪ģҶڹۡ
θθڡ
־ΰһΣЩûվȣһ㱵ɿ죬ԭΪոڽȵϢѾϢ, ȴû뵽ԷǸ֢ڻߣ
ǲǡȹ, Ҳע˶
ôܣ
־ΰ뵽⼸ǶоרǵŶζݵֱʱرͷֱϢΪͼĦѰ©
ȴûһ뵽ֻΪ޷֧ųʱֱ, ˿ڲؿ
5.29ش˿ڹΪڿչרжѾ壬ȴкܶ˶ǿҵľų, Ҫ˵֪һУ־ΰ뵽ɬ
ɶˡ־ΰҲЩ˵ǹϣڸλ˾ΪԼǶ˲õܲһ㲻ȶأҪȨȫƿزſϰݡ
Щ֪ޱȼɵ˸Ǹ˶õľ֢ˣǻû
־ΰֻϵڲ쵼̽ϢʾҪվöӣһǼأ², ΣյҲá
ʲôٴһѹ, ֱ˵ط˸ָԷ
Ȼ, ֱӴͨϴĵ绰
ϴ, θƷȨרѧС, չΡʲô
չ˵绰, ׶ΧһθоרѧҲͬʱӵָټǰʥҽԺͬΪһ˿չƣҪ
ٷԴѸٶ˳ҲڵϵܹϵĹⶥҽԺҽƴۡ
صϣѧֱ䳹׻ˡǶ̶̵һκֱ¼תԾ˵ٶѾͻһڹۿ˴ΣҲ˸ƽ̨ͼ̽ѧࡣ
·죬ΧǳֱĹгʮˣҲ׷Լ罻ƽ̨ϷԣվͨϢֱ֤һλֱСڵĵַ
ٻص֮ǰӦԶزŮ˵¼е˵õ˹㷺һҲٲǰõĶǳɡ
Ƕǿ췽ҹ̷һ㣬ֻܼѵطڡˣԲۣˡtmˡ֮Ļ
˿̣Щǰ@͹ýȴһֱûеõظûЩ˺ŷĹڸ˴ͳĻʿռĺҲôһëֱ
ôǼĬ𣿣
ܰɣ
ܣٷûгվ̨ⲻͬѰĳĬͼ嶯Ϊѧֱһɫʡ
ϴʦ֪ͨʹԭѧֱ䷷ĸ˺ŶĬĬɾԭķԣֻҾ¼ķչ
鳹ɢ׶׼Ƕ
һʼҲţð
ͨһǰһŮĴʦϢͨһ㲻٣
ǰ˵ˣǮ˴඼Щ֮˵ֻбµĸʵ̫٣һ˸Ե
˵ôһֶεĴʦǻøϽʦ緽ʽͿ͵Էһ
һȦ˵ıȻͱЩˡ
˶ʦѾ򸾽ߣصǡʦּǸʮ꣬ǰʱһĶŮ
׶˶ۼǧôܰѼǸЩĬ򣬾ֹԶǧСĴŮͬղŴĪĴʦһ
Уޡ
Ǻּ˵ĵ绰ֱӱˣ
ڼϰϸӣǼе̫̫ѧУʫ硢ֻöֶš΢š绰̽ţǼôܲһҲһ
ָ᯻͡λƽһڼСʱڽӵô绰
ʶġʶģǼҪõġǼƽϱߵġһʱ䶼
ӵһ绰ʱЩĪôλ᳤̻ôĵ绰ڻǹϲϲ
ǹϲʲôѽ
ָͣ˻飬߳ͷԵؿѯʶԷ
ֶ˵û˼ҶˣŮ˲ð㿴ǲһԸ
ֻĴǰδеĴ绯һ̬ͬԼ˵Żָ᯷ŻЩϲá˲䵽˹ȵס
˲õġŮ

ڰѳԷ麬ȥֽ˼òӵĵ绰Դǰͬѧ飬ݡԼĪ˷Ϣֻ㱨ϵָٹ˲Ӧǣһʱ򿪵ԡ
ܿҵ۵ѧֱԴĵȥӺܿһƬհס
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͵վɥ˻ȥһͷǰδеǺ䱦ĿŪˡ
ĵٶȲֻǹػ״̬򸾵ֻ˺üͨеʾǱˣָͻȻŭؽֻݺҵ˵طϢʾҲֻʣ˻ںȡ
̶̼ʱһȦĺĽӵƽսõĽõĵ绰Զ׼ͽֺõĻԼ͸ԼŮľηҲ˵ʲôֻܵңҡ֮ 
˵Ůһ棬ԼûŮ
ѧУֻͬѧΧһŸոտİţͻȻܵǲǽ
ţһ˶˹в֪ʲôʱӸڰ༶ļȡ
ʲô
ĪΪֻ⿴ͬѧˢֻѺţͬѧĽ塢滹СĻ
⣬Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ͨǼҵֻۡ⳹ˡ
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ʫЩͬ󲿷ͬѧļҾﲻּ֪ҰԵĳ̶ȣټĿܻ䣬ܶ˲֪顣
գʫֻúǲѰ˴·ȻһֹԼȥԷ̱ܿʮֿ⡣
ֱһƽյĸȻ˵Ͽ˵ʲôϼŵĶǧʫ鲻ϼŵĶǧ
ʫЩӲװûһϽ㵽˲䣬Ҫһϳʲôۣǲ⹫ǧ飡
αôһҪ˵ˣΪʲôҪһʱԼ
ҶּŮΪʲôҪӵеģ
ŵóֻûмŮ߽˲ûзһˣ޼ɵ졣
㿴˸ոյûһܱ߱˰
ʫһ٣ĳǿҵĲС־Ȼ𣬺ϾҪʲôµϢˡ
һѧԺʫ֪ɣУʱɺö˷Ƭ˽¶˵Ժ׸Ǹͽѵ˹ϵǳŶ
һŮİԣϽ׷ʣʲôϵˣϽ˵
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ʫǸٰ׸һռȵıļǧ𣡽ѵǸǧС㣡
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ûˢ³һİϢֻϡ
Ϊĵӣǹ̯ˣ˼Ҫ׷ҪǮ͵øǳ٣׷ǵľʧѡ󹤷ѣǰȫͱȥ
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ԭѾ׵ͻȻǣ˻ֱۣҽյƬ̾ŵͬʱ־ϲչΣ

ٴܵϤʼӿ룬ҲͬЩҽһ޸壬ֱܻӻָչʱȻࡣ
ҲԼųƺҲСһ㣬걾ҵʱĵʲôεġܽ
ò̫ãͿԲôСġˡ
ԭĻԵ硣
ĻëȫҪ޼һ飬ٳڶιܲˣҲûôˡ
죬ĿԳƵһҽѧ漣
ۻ˵ϲҽʿǴ߳վһȺסˡ
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ôˣ
Ƽ߳ҽſ֣Ҳ˵Խصĺ־ΰһǰʳĵ⡣òᡭ
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ҽӦֵܿףĽ
˶һ
ʱθרҾӢˣأĶ
ѾʱΣգΪڻߣԭİϸûɢȫסˣЩרǣ
ֻܿ۵һ𣬲˲ǰļ¼ͬ־ӳķ
꣬ͻΧȫһ˽ҽԺҽСĿۻ⡰ǹڡŶӡ
ѵüĹҽԺĴУ˵йרŻᵽвһ
ԹԣԼεºܺЩһ𰡣ⲡ˾ʲôͷ
Ҳ˰ɣ
һʵСĹҲû취ԵġܶһЩ桢ǣȴһΪΪԸίй׸޿µˡ
׶Ӱ칫ҡ
뵱꣬͵ʱҲǰٸҹûµģֻҪһǼ񣡡
Щ꣬˵޸Ҹûæһ¶ҼΣػѣ
ԪŽţһԵͬŴǰ飬˵ƵЩ󰸣ȻСϿ۵ı顣
"ȷʵ̫ˣҲûôˡ˽ЩҲԲҪôˡ"
Ų裬²п
ʱÿѽһգԼͲǴǰǸСˣߵͬҲԽԽ
ǰ£Ѿ;ңһЩĵطȥҪ˶þܵȵ͵ˡ
ǰ̾λͬ־ҲȻ̾˿磬˵ܲܲأ
ЦСӸԣȻ⣺ǲˣ㻹볤ѽ
ͬ־ҡҡͷ˵Ĳ͡òı仯ı䡣
ͻȻָָԼģɫ䣬Ƭ֮վѸٴ򿪰칫ҵžҪߣѾվͬ¡
ĳְ쵼칫ңŵ绰ͻȻһûֱ߽ͬӱƿ
һȺȫװֱǰ
ͬĳԭСԼ׶Ƶȳ
ӦһϣڶӾƵ׼ع˾ĺɽմ򿪷ţ̱һȺ͵ذ
ڲﻺظСԬϵͳ˵Ĺ£һγѾõҲƿɴ
ʱصʮǰʱո׬ЩǮһ˼ĺɽͨȨƵġͷߡԽӴ˲ˡ
ַ׬ǮҪ쵼ϢͨӺҲǰŻµĹǸɾӢҲиֻ켣ײܰæһЩ㴦Ļ졢/Ůˡ
ӻԾҲЩļֶεĺɽ֪ûйϵҪ׬ǮǺѵġྭӪܴʱ򻹲Щ˵һ仰
ҵʱڵļν桱úɽ˼ԽԽᣬֱɶ
Т桢ͷߴĺôɽֿʼĥôΪһôܴһСӱ
ڣ󵨵شĳЩн顱ŪƯŮȥź򡱶õˣĳλ쵼ļϵ١
½ĺɽҡһ䣬֪ܿſķˮ
ҲЩʶ֪·һֱߵڡһʱƽ̨ͱ뼰ʱͬЩжϹϵʱϴס
յĿǳΪһӭȢ׵ĸС㣬˵̹ӣǳݽȥͷ
ͨŬҲȷ͵󲿷ֵ룬ҲǶκʷ
óԸȡ׶ҵĶŮĹӡ
˭֪ȷʵͬǵĻ£ȴֻҪɽߡ
ǩЭ飬֤һ溣еĲƲֻܸ溵С
˿ֻҪв̤úҪںɽȴ˲ͬζ
ǵڱ˵ȢҵŮҲȢҵĲƲҼô͸İѲƲһ˵Ļ
˰뿪ЦؽСһһպʱԭӾӸڸĺɽԽԽˡ
ĶԼҴһӹǲܴӦģ
ˣʵЩŮĺɽȴϣȲҪôСٲҪк
ôȫ˳⡣˸кںɽӹҵⲻá
ܣ˲ûҪкɿҼкľֱµ˸չӡӣüҪҪ꺢ӵͷ꣬լȥ
˾ͷӻʱʱ˾Ӳ
Լ˵ĺɽҪ⺢ӳģǴӳЩͻȻҪԣ˱Լǰæһˣ
ֻƱˣûбģ
£һ뷨Ӻɽ˳
ѾͬǰĹϵ˹ϵɽҲΪ顱ˡƻԱԵһ͵СϷ롣
°ѺӴ߷ڱȵԼҵĲƲٽӴ
ʮǰ׶ļز࣬ȴҲмԼзգǱһ׿Ƶ򣬴˿Сȥ
ǰСĳЩŻĺɽôͨ˸벻⡣
˹Թ԰Ҫ˸û⣬Сũ帾ŮɽΪչСıķ
ȻñķСȥû˵ĵط˿װ͵Сߵӣˮȫõͷϡ
Щ͵СС鲢١
һŵʱ򽫹˾


23 
Ȼ, Ѿѵ־ΰ˿쵼㱨ߵ
Ȼ, ת̶һ죬־ΰ֤˻ϲǣʹŭͷòͷۡη塢ȵȻ֢ΣڵϦ
ⷢչɽ, ΪҪĻ, ȴû뵽߲Ǵ⣡
ĺ־ΰҲЩۡܶ˶ĿҲҪˡ
ͬ־ṩ, Ѿ5.29¼Լ永߿סˡܿͻὫһ˵
߻ӵϢݷ˵ĿڹԼ鱨, ؾҲڻѰҵ⵽δѰصܺ䣬Խչл㡣
־ΰ˵˵ǰҲͷǰĴԷ
ǰв֮٣ǳάṫƽ塢ĿģҾ־׷ϵͳһ¡
ҪֱӲҾֵ绰ȡϵǾֳ⽻Ҹ˽˵绰ֱӶԽӵˡ
ѱץ鰸˵ͽҲ߳ĸ˻, עա
Ȼ, ־ΰֱͦ, ϵ˵⼸׮¡
û˵, Ҳˡ
Լ, ϣǵרҽһԡ
ľ, ѧʱڵṤϻּƾѵĲ϶Ѿ˼λ쵼ϡ
Ŀǰ϶ɲóֻΪССĲοٷû̽ĵϸѵóֵĴҲ֮
Ȳܹڴֱֲܼ򵥷Ρǰ߻Ǻ߶п޷еĺǲġ
յóĽǣй۲죬һ⣬ֱ㹻ľ롣
ͬʱͷҲ˸ҪҪһԣϤΣԺǱڷҪȻҲû
ô˺־ΰͷϣԻԭӴͬй飬Ȱ˵ɡ
ɺ־ΰ֪Լиƨ飡
ڣǳϵĺ˵Ǿɡ
ֻǲҰ׵СûѪɫĴƽǿ͸ȫɡɵĺɫ˫ú־ΰ̲ס˼ˣ߶ˣ
ûô֪רҾ⣬־ΰŽ˴˽
⣬˳ɳϣۿ־ΰλνרҴ˲
˿𲻵Ҫá
ȫһѧרҵ˶ʿҵסαӲרҵܸͬߵĳڻعʿڼѾ빫йκ
Էѧоν¯ࡣ
ӳ߽ȴδ֮ǰѾʼˡ
磬Ҫʱһԡ
ãǳ
ؿڣѯڵ״Ƿܹ֧شļ⡣
죬һ׳ĻԣճҲиɲôһ̡й¶Ĵ𰸣Ҳ࣬ǶԷһЩ
ĳ㲻شҲֱӸң
ʿǸ׺Ůʿ̸¼׾ͻ˲øСɾ衣
Ķ棬Լȫչ¶ڲԶǰԵ󷽣񲻴˿㡣
ƺ̫ϲ˵Ҳû¶죬ܿٳȥ
뿪ȴŽ˵ĹĽӴǸʲôҲ˸жϣܿһʵΣԶڱˡ
Ȼ˵ô򵥣ÿĿΪ죬ơνĿԾܾشͬǸ壬رֻܵᱻǴȥصעо
ͬʱרһҪϸ¹۲ߵÿһϸڣĿؼʡʱ̬ĵһӦ
ˣں־ΰ߳ȥ󣬳ܿЦŶ۾
ûͼ̽ʱ˿̵ʵ뷨Ȼʼʧһεġ޷Կء
˿̣־ǱһΪһȫ˫ͫʧȥԿرûججһȴȫǲϺԼһ˼άȴֻԹۡ
֮ǰܶ𣿡
ڲϵͷ˫ֺϷڴԼĵط׵ĳǹŴĵطΪҲ̵õ˳ġ𸴡
дԼʮˣҪΣϵߵĶﷸɽҪλĸ߼˲š
ص˵ͷ˴ȴԤ֪һ㣬û˿ĶݡȻȻʡ
ԽʾҾмߵΣԣΣĿܣǴôأ
Ҫ⣬ᵽΣյźţȴûа취Լ
˫۾֮Լһάȿռ䣬Ưëһɶãǣŵ/ڳԵ÷ء
ʲôɨÿһ꣡˵ôĸоֻţ
ʵҲʵػشĵڶ⣺ųȡǿƴʩ㳹ڹ޷Ӵڵĵطڼ⡣
 
ǿҵĿ־塢ճӯȫԭоԼ֪Ǹ֢ڲ˶޸ĵԸдԤ˿ȫȻϡ
ǰΪԼʱϻؼ϶󻹷Լò䣬ӵһ˫۾뱾µ˸Щ
ͬڣԷһ֪Լӵ˻еȴ񻰴˵ЩѲo
Լë𣬷ңƫƫԼ
һһΪԼĻش
˲ԼİΣֻֻ᲻ǨŭԼĹٷңⲽߵ̫ˣӦõһЩúȡͬģ
ȻɳϸղŽӲŵĳصĹУԼͷؾ˹龳ϻسӿƵĿ־СУʧ䶼óһŻع
̶ӵʱ䣬žͱˡ
־ΰǲǳ̲ʿ齻ȴ߳дδȥ޷˵ĸӣʲôϴ񣬴žη΢˷ܡ˼顣
˳Ƴνѧʿ־ΰҲѸǰ˻ΣС̲ʿôˣ
ȫû˸ոսʱŴݣ˫Ūػ񣬾ܿԼҪսý֯ԡ
ԡˡ
־ΰһôܣǲ˼һҲô꣬Ҵһ棬ҪĻǳ̲ʿ˶Ĺ۲жϡ
û̲ʿԭļƻֵ˲רҵ
Ȼܿ˵ϵͳѧרҳʲôˣ
־ΰ۾ҵڶŵĵ˵˷ŵ
ֱӿĿֽһͨĳַҡ
ԣԼֻһʱͽˡ
֮ùӣǳʿΪ𾪺ӳġ
һɣûͨ˸û취ֱ۾
˿ָԼרҵȥɣҶסˡдˣ̬ȡҲƫǵġ
ҪȻûҪ𰸸
ûлǲǴߣ֪רҶûа취ô߶ոյĳ̶ȡԷĴҲǳĵġ
ΪԷûбҪҲмѡ
س̵·ϣ뷽žÿһϸڣԼشĵڶʵöԷġ
ȻȻʧЦ
޷ա˽⡢֪ʵǰ̸ʲôûΣƺЩЦ
ǳ֪ͨ˳ȥ󣬵һΡ顱Ŀ־屻ѹ£Ҳʶ岻û°㲻ʣǷø
ʵٿʲôˣֱӵĻش
ءǿƽͣŶ⡣
ͬʱҲС
Ժܺ˵ٷ˾;ܺ˵
ͷĹ˳Ҳվûֻ߽ǸרտĻʿһ̨ʼǱԣˡ
СԬϵͳ̨òƽƽıʼǱԡôãȴ
ϵͳãһ㲻뿴
û˵ʲôµشǵԡУͬѧƵΡűõĴ˵ǰȽˮƽĿĶѾССıʼǱ
õĵǹ˳˵˺룬ʱ¼ĸУԴ⣬Լͨ˸ûȨ޲鿴Ϣ
ǰҪһεҩҲѰ˹ͻ͹ҪֻҪʼǱµΪ͵ϡ
ϵͳѾҪ֮ǰ˵ֱƹ㡢ƽ̨ԴˣҸע΢öö˿㿪أ
ĻϵͳŸ˳ҩѾûãǵķֳɣ
ϵͳ˵մǹ⣬ѵȶȣ׬
û첻֪ʲôӾ磬ϵͳƺǧֱҵΨһһֳ2:8ûշѵֱƽ̨
ԣƽ̨Ҳǹࡢϸȴӵȶȵƽ̨
ʱϵͳһƽ̨ոѡеġ
˳ûͨ׬ܶǮȻҲǿóġ˳ԲȱǮǮȴĿǰЩ˶Ҫ͡
˵Ǹֵˡ
ʵٻָһЩһҪúоо
ҵȦǰҪҹ˾СֺɽԼҵΪĺϼŵܲúɽץϢѾ˳
֪ʿ͸¶ɽǣĻֻľ෸漰ʸΪӵ෸ȥ˹ƺٳ
죬ϼŵĹƱֱӵͣ
Щĺܴ󣬶ΪţɽĹ֪ȲС˾ϲƾ־ţʱҲҸӡõҵҵѡбᵽ
ԭǶϢǲôȤģ̾˱¶ˣǮûõģ翴֮ġ
ֱĳ֪̳Ϻɽǿ·ңʮǰѾĳͷĿԱйᡣͨĽǮ¸ǣɫס˿ڹȾǿҶԵİ
ֱӾͱҲ̫˰ɣŹҵұﾹȻǿµĶħ
ںɽİǣϴ֤֤ʮʱٶռסַʵѾ˶ʮ׷ޣõ֤ݣշҲ׷Ρ
ݾǺ̤̤ʵʵ׬Ǯģ˲ٺɽЩлߡְռͬթƭ֤ӻ򹫰ṩ漰ػŲʽ֤ǿչ顣
ͬʱɻر涨編Ϊͽ̵̡ģʮԺΪ׷ߵģ뱨Ժ׼׷ߡ
ɽרҲƴжһҪôܵɵƲã
ˣٷȷץĳ˵ͨ棬ȴûжܡ
ɣûжʵʵĴ
ֱһIDΪС΢˻ȻһƪŹֵ£һЩ֪㲻ѭĹһ
ҽңǸͨĲͨСŮˡͬɷȻ㣬˵ģСɷһ𽫺󣬴žҵһӡ
ֵѿһѰеԴʽͷֱûȤرգɡ˲ȥ
еƪ£û뿪ֻܱ
ҵĶӳˣҾɰСеĹעССϣٿֻҪЦֵáôССӤһѧС·Ķĸ׵ϲáԽԽڼҡѵңɷƢҲԽԽԽƵض֡
ƪԴˡԭûȤѣҲ̲סһʲôͥģ֪ʼЩʵˡ
ѭһɷź⵽Ӧ˰ɣ
ȵסӣϽȥķչ
ֻͣӻôСûĻҲûҳŮô죿Ҳʱ鲻ãӾͻָɴǰ˰ɡֻҪ࿴ͻЩʹˡ
ѣˣұֻһλΣ鰡
һ죬һжˣҪȥտũɷ춼ôңдСȥұСϪϴ·±Ż·ˮС˰߲Զܿĵط˭֪ǼϾȻȺİˣǾô컯֮ҵС
ȫ5.29ش˿ڰȶߵʱ򣬲١ȿġѿľ鶼Ⱥ鼤ܣ̾ⰢҲ̫˰ɣ˷ӣ
СûһƾźɷôңʱҶѾܲʹˣҴǶ˻ɡÿ죬ҶȥҪһСԽңɷҲֱȥش򹤲ٻ
˼֪꣬ѾûϣҪģɷǮҲ϶Ҽҡһ𳵣ں˵ָ˴ûȥ׶Ƕ˵׶׬ǮףҲ뿴ǲǿ¿ʼ
֪ĺôõĹʱ˵ǸҵҡŮƯᣬ˵ϻҡŮ˻ҸķտȻѡҡܿ죬ǵĺӳˣҲǸкúҼСһɰϸ˼ҵĺӣֻǻ̲סҼС
Ѿò̫ԾˡԲǸʲôˬҲ̫ıдԴǵҪļʲôš
ոտɽץƪµԽԽ졣
˵òôеʱĺɽ
һι̣˯˼ҶȥˣŽҲͻȻӵ绰˵ǼҪ뿪һȴȻвԾ죬Ͻű˵ң¥˵ҪҵСƣǲע⣬͵͵ӵұű˳ȥûܶþͱǷˣ
ѣأ𣡣
ѣˣǧҪץס
ҷһرűҪǣҲСߣԲܣʱҿ˱ƬڿߵϣҵС˺ֻҪιȥЩ˾ҲˣǾͲٷˣһΣһҪ㣬С
ԽԽɽϵ˶Ī΢ºţʱֱ۶˼Ƥзƣ˵ܡ
Ǻ͸Щֿһò߳ŮȴٴڰƵѾֲСԼСֻ֪õʡ
ϣĺͱӳ˻˵ħƣǶǮķ򸾽һǮƽҲܼ﹤õӳǡ
ˣҺġ
ôСôôĺˮôССұôܳŵγ졣ȺץסңǴϵʱ򣬱Ѿˡɱһɱ˺ҼСôĺӡ
Ⱒҿ֮ǰܵ˴̼ƵĳֱӦˡҲֲ
жɣʲôС˵Ϊʲôܹص氡
˲֪绰֪绰֪ͨˣС˶
֪µ۾Ȼֱм˻ظǳʲôûٳ
Ժ˷ͥ˵˲ǾˡûΣֻܹؽҽԺҶԣԺκһطνˡΪ֪һ̫ˣҳС
ǹȻˣҪ
һȴˣʲô˼
ǰ죬Ȼ˸ҡԭôмǰޱεȻСˡ¹ߵŮˡСǵıҴĲƸ˸ȷйģʱԵʮֲʱֻڤڤ֮Բν
ҵĶӱߣΪŰĶҺ
˵Ҽûз飬Ҳǰ׶򹤣ƴҲҪסĶȴͻȻôСĺܲסˮ̶Ľݡǣһжص˳ʼ˵ǰʱһŮСʱҲǱǸŻĸĸ˺ܶˣҵŮһǰҲͬƾĸ׶ԼĶӣҵ統ʵҲǸŻ㹤һж˵Ĵסǡ
ҲʲôʲôֻҵСڹúܺãҾͰˡ
˺ܶǰšɽĵһӱҵıķ͵ߣ⺦Ϊ˹ȣӻͶҵΪ˴ĿΡеҵҡ
ʲôС˵ǽ¶ɽеѪ飡аҵŮѪܵĹ
л˵
⼸¼ĻҲ̿ʼµֱһϵи̼Ĺ£


24 
ɣ
ҸտɽĹͻȻת, ϸ˼֡أ
ɽϼ1
Ҽɽӱķ͵ߺıһɺϣ
ħôôĵ飬ԼӶҲǵ˰˱ѪùЩ, ̫ˣ
ҵĹϱҲѷ˴ǰıֽţ֤ʵһд󲿷ݶ˶ʮǰɽҷıķ
ķ͵ߡСʹС, ȴΪо񼲲ؽԺ, ̷
ҲҼѳ֤ʵķС򼸺˾֪֡ȫܶϡ
ӳĵȥ׶ΪҪ, ɷȥ򹤾ûӰǮҲûмĹһֻ, ȥ˵ϸڡ
ֻϧû꣬ҾͲ˾Ժ֪࣬ҽ
˺ͬûõ³
۸زûһˣֻܶƾɵϷﹶӲдˣû֪
Ǹɷ򣬾˵ЩΪöǷ˲Ǯ, , аҲʲô񶫶, úܲá
Ƕж, ֻʣºɽûеõ֤ʵˡ
, ʺɽɫصشѶҳ
ɽʵϼ޻, вѾ֤ݵĶ̬á¡ڵѶȴʱԶķΪѯȫװɵ㶣Ǵս
׶ע⵽˽µãѾȡʵ֤㼸˵ĹҲṩ˸֤ݣǼںɽЩ그С
˵ʲôѾ˶ʮ׷ԼûҪҧϣǶˣ
١Ѷרͬ˸ͷͬȷ²ѶԣƳɽʵ
ǸϽƪ£
Ȼרһͬ¼Ҵҵ˹豸Ƿ
ĻʾĺȻƪҿд£޲ŭұʹ
Լ˵Ĺ졣
ƪ˭дģΪʲôҵֱǿϵӽһ㡣Ӧû˻֪ϸ
Ǹ˵֪˭
ܿ죬һͬʱǵ
ϻṩобʾ֪ʮɽĻˣ
ϢרܿӸոտµͬѸռмֵ˳ϵǰ֪ʿ
רҵͬ²ѯдС΢ϢȴϻĪϵͳʼַһΣҲ֤ʵ˺ŵĳ
أûٶ졣
ϼ쵼ͬ⣬רڵڶ˺ɽչѯʡ
һѶľͽһ˵Ƭ˺ɽǰЩˣʶɣ
ûȺɽ˵ǰ˼¼ֱ㡢ǰճֱԱʮǰɽµĹʡ
ڻҪӲ𣿡
ɽ䣬鶼ȥ˶ʮЩΪʲôҪţЩ±ҳôٶȳ֣
ץɽʱרûһν֤ݷ꣬ȵľǲĺһ
ӺɽһȦͣǰȻ̸˾顣
û֪е˻ҪĶĶĴ¼
ոհڳһϵ֤ݣ⾯һɽԽԼץϢȻͱȥˡ
Ҳ֪ûȥѰϵ
߹澫ҵҡʮܳҵҽޣҲ䣡
Щʱ̨ϷԵʱжƤϲΪ顢ĵ˯𣡡
ȻָźɽıӾͿ
Ϊˣ㲻ϲšΪʣñӵֶβźʬǡ̤ͨյѪᣬΨͼӪ
ΪӯģͬЩ׼ﷸһ𣬼/°ӡǣ˿ڡٵ˲֪˶ٸͥ
ӸλĺɽʲôʱĹѪͷϵ˲ѿޱȡ
οڣԴǸԽңлЩɽĳΪʲôԼ
Ϊһɷһͬӣ̣̰ͼҵĲƲָĲС̬Ҫ޹֮㱳ԼĶӣ֪Ǹķ˭𣿡
ɽȻҪվȴ۵ŪǱŵؿС죬ô֪ģ
ΪʲôҪǸķ˭
ңĺӾǱĹŻߵģŻ˾񼲲ɱӵΨһףʼնֻһ
һŭ𣬻ѹŭɽһˣŭɶȴЦŵظǰˣ
ڣ롣㹤˶ǵݽķ֤ݣ۵֤ˡҲٱػ顢ռ˾ƲҲǮͺˡ
ԣǸŮȷʵĺӡкǡ
˾ĺӣ
ɽڲסԼƢͱԣŤǱŭĲǾҪ˵ǰᾯ죬ȴֱӱѶһƷݺݰ˵ϣ
۾ɵ͹Ľ㣬Ҳ졣
ڷʲôƨ̰ҥҪʦ㣡
ͻȻĺɽ߳ױѯκ⣬Ҫ󾯲ṩոЩ֤ݡ
ԸĶõıν棬ˣһӾ˸Ц
شͻƵı¼ϣͬ߳ѶңżҵĶҲǾƣߡ
ڣɽѾױ֮ǰһֱԸస顣
ⱲҲ;ٳˣ
Ǹ˽治Ӱո˵ʱͷƤ飬ѲʲôӦ
ͬµʣʵ֮ǰռ֤ݡ
ɽ˾ȷʵһȡɽæر±֪ˣȥĴࡣǱʲô鶼˾ȥһȥ˾ͱˡ
ʵӼûҿǸСке㲻ɽʱ뼤һ
ͬε㵨ӲС
Ǿ仰ʱı飬Ҿ̹֡
ͬϿƪµĺĸŮܵԶ˸ĳ
ףΪʲô˵˻ҵڰеΪʲôָǰļҡ
񣬺ɽҪԼµĶ
֮溲˺ü졣ôҲû뵽ӵȻɷһɵġɱֵҷǱɷһܺߡ
⼸Ͼ飬Ҳȫȫ˳첻ǱɽһǣɷԶҪֲ
ͶԹ˾ûȤȥɽ׬Ǯ
ŮȡĸŮ˽ͷʲʽЩҪĸŮͯ˾ƲԺҲ㡣
⳥⳥þľĸŮҲΪ֧
ĸŮװңܴߵĶ뿪ط
ºɽܽڶʮҲʲôûˡ
ϵͳIDΪС΢ŷ˿ƪСĸǳΪ˵ȫ΢һͬдŶӳԱСԬת˺üȦ
ȻֹȵСȭȭϸϸʣʲôʱϵжѽ
һγߺζ׷ŴϢ׷ϵͳͻȻҵԼͳ·
ԭϵͳЭ׬ȡ˵ĸֵԼνĸֵ
⼸죬ȫṩ˺ö⻹˽¶˲ٵ¡
ʱڣϵͳԼġҵ
ڿˣɣ
ƽ˿ĵӾ硢գƤ졢⣬ϵͳʵоЩġ
СԬÿ춼ϵͳûйҲûʵ
ֱͬСԬһƪСģȻҵԼļֵ
ҪǵĹø֪
ƮϣǺʵĴɫ̺ӣޱʡ
רǵġơѾһЩܹ´߶ˡĳǰͻŻѪԵܳԺ
ʵϣҲóȥ
Щ죬Ź˳ṩ֪ʶ¡ǰ̸ѧ⣬ѧ֪ʶ뷨ȻҲཻ֮ͬͬ
Уճѧϰռҩݣȴֻǹ⿴е伮ѧϰݿ˵ǰ
ռϰ󡢷ˮ࣬ʷҽѧѧơ
ҩʶѰһֲȻ֮˱ʶԿԳΪԭϡ
мӣνΪ׼ȷжϻ֢ҩѡҩġһպʵƷʲô
˵ѧκһȻλѧŵѧߡ
ͶⷽѧϢǸȤ
ǣ˳Ҳɴɡ֮̽Ƶá
ڣһڴߣһŽչġҩŵĳǰЩֻϵ·ԡ
ϵͳ仹ЩĳҪŶӵͼյĽӴ˵ȷˢӣļֱˣʲô⣬ܵһʱشװס
ϵͳ͵͵̸ǰ˹ܵķչĪЩСˡԼǿ϶ĿƼҪ߼ģǰġСϵͳȻЩֲĸо
ϵͳͰ͵ѯʣԼö춼ûֱǰ漸鶼Բ֣ԼҲǸڿЩ¿ˡ
ܣ⼸֮ǣĿ껹úԶ
ԼݣƳһҲûԼֱֱ˾ܣ֪ϵͳϵжܿҪˡ
ϵͳСȭͷ۰ͰͿҪ𣡡
΢ʲôʱϲֱƽ̨ķ˿Ҳȵûлˣ
죬ֱֻʲô˺ʲôĹأ
ϵͳСԬʾʮڴ˳ͬһš
ܿ죬ϵͳ¼΢ʮӺ󿪲Ԥ棬ڵشǧƽ̨ȴġ
صѧֱҪϢ磬һʶһ̽ҲϽ⼸ӵֱվ
üһûأƽ̨ҳͷλѾɫķֱ䣬ѹȥ
ֱ䣬鵽ĵĻˢѹû壬ҲԼոշĵĻѾŵĵĻ
ۿǡһǧϰʱ䣬ӣǾͶ춢΢ô죿
üһѾǧˣ˵ǧƽ̨ۿʵģ
̫ˣ̫ˣѹҲԼˣ
ʮѵ׼ʱ˻Ͳңá
ɤͨרҵ豸ֱڵĶ˲ɾһ
ȽƵ¼ĻҪࡣԹ˵Ķģɫ˵ɣߵ
ûлشĻǷĸֹӦԶư桢ɽҵ˵⣬
Ǻ֮ǰһѡһˡ
ۿʼͳһˢ˾ֱĹ
ǶϲùѡˣǽҲǵϲù顣֮Ե󡣡
ʱֱ˸ˡΧֵġзյģ˴׶ĸĳЩȺ塣
ܣ˼Ϊ⳹ͷβһƭ֪֡УֱѾޱ
ӵʱܿ쵽ˣڿһ˲䡣ؽǸͷĹбһ㣬
һ뿴ƽ̨ϵͳĽ˶ŷӦոԼȽһ뱻
ǲԼ̫ˣˣ
µĵĻȴѾ޳һƬΪʲôֲң´ֱܱܲˣˣ
ˣоԼⱲӶˣԽԽҵıҲûϣ
ע⵽ϵͳʾǰһ룬˶Ѿˣۻˣ
ٴʯǸͣ磬רɸѡԼҪĶ˭˭
ϣǷ˸ָΪǵҶȴǡ
ȻͷС˵һˣûĻԼΪǧ֮һǸѡ֮ӣ
ҲǾ˰
뵽ԼЩҶڵǰ˶Ѿǰԡλ˹ΣĻᣬȻҲޱڴԷܽԼǰ
˽Ѿˣ˶ڳҪȡҶɿû
ʦãҶҪƽϵĻ£
ʱ䣬Ҳ֪ôررùˮǺ·ʯͷԭźõĶڶҲصĵƻҵϣ
ǸʮҵˣԻЩһȷʵе㵹ù
ԱߣЩǼҳ㷹Ĺ˳ͷҲ̧㲻϶൹ù
ԭΪܾ⼸̫ˣȷʵе˥ԵôùӪƷƽҲ˶ע㡣ɵù黹ڷҪϵʱҺ˹ѹˣ
Ļһɫģ
ѧֱ䣬Ȼ֮ǰıֵȷǳ֮ɶڴֵѶԣû֪Ĵͳϵץа֮¼дʣҲź
û뵽ôˣʱ
ҶµҪʹʦϸԼѹĸܣôʦæԼʲô
ùȷʵû
ǣ˿˼˵Ԥ档
ܿ죬㻨ѪĽĿҪͷˡ
ĽĿ˹ǸȦĻ𣿾Ȼڲģ
ҶҲ̲ס˿˲ô֪ݣô֪нĿڲϽȹעѪ
ʦȾҵĽĿ
˯ʱ򱻹ѹһѹҲˣĿٰܻѪ˵ôͶ̣ҪǽĿʲô£ԺҲûˣ
һ򵥵İ취
ҶɸϽ׷ʣʲô
ȻһֱϵͳԴԽȴһ
α
ʦϧĽҶզĿˣҪǸһˣǵα˼ķ˿ĿͶҲҪ
ͬͶʴý˾Ĺ˳һĬĬţ˽ҶɣףУҵܹϲսĿϧЩ뷨ͼԸ񲻽ʶҲ
ҲҪԵͷ
ʦܸܲҾҪĸα
ҶɵҵЩʱ̣ȻϽһǲмαڷգֻҪ󿧵ˣƴһѰ˻ˣ
ֻǣĸαҪ£ýĿܵǣòĿиӦԶ
ҡҡͷȫҪ
Ҷɣ
ѣʲôĿȫԱ𣿣
ؿŲԵϵͳֱǰ૵
Ṵ̋ʡɫ/ƭȫۼһ𣬹Ȼʡ
ڶַҲԿǣνոĳա
ոտһڻ㼯֪Ӱۡ춥С˾߹ܡС˵ҡѧԽ˱յϵͳ˫۴͡
ѹ֡ĿںСԬĵĻCPʱȻһۡ
ոգôشԼϵжҪˡ
ԹȺ:ڲգĿҲ̫ˣֻҪһǲҶ֪ˣ
ǵҪǸǰζ˵׼˵ѧֱλ׼׼
л˵
ȽæΪҪҹ쿪ʼĳ㵽㷢ллң


25 
, ɽ֣ڽɫ峿ӳΰ׳
ͷͻȻɽľï, ۴̡żгɰţ۵Ļֺܿ˱ڵĴӡһ޼ʵɳĮС˼ҡ
õСֻһɽҲ˽Ŀλǡ
ΧȹڳΪæµ͵ǵǰС˼Ư毺õ, û, Ļ
պãҲԽ緹
Сѽƽտ϶û͵͵Լɣ
ͷһת, һɳϿˡͦıʱǴ˴˼α֮һѧڽۡ
Ȼ, ͷ⴫һӵ֣û˳˿ĻѾǵء
˶ɣڵȵˣ
һҼҵƷζ˶ˣ
ӾĿδǳαȶȫѹ˹ȥһʹȦĶǡ
ܿ죬αҲھͷǰ¶棬ֱӰС˵̡Ͷʹ˾߹ܺ
λαҪǰطʮĹͬС
һڿʼǰһ޼ʶһļαǺгһ緹, ɽĿ鰲ŵƱϷ, ܿϴͱһĿĵء軯ɽ
İ˾, γŶİ취
ۼαܹѸŽᵽһ𡢳ɹǶ, ;ìܡ, ܱ֤ڵȤ
Ŀƶĵһг̾ɽ֮üҰ¶Ӫ, ΪӲˡ
˸߾̳ӰۡԴĶС۵˼αټϻ¼ƬһΨͷȤϷã⵵սĿһߺȫ
⻹ʷϵһβȡı߲ÿ׼ʱһҪǿȴݹʵʱģʽ
֡õСȶ֮ߡ


һ ողʱĻۻǺġλ˵ķ˿ĹڸǸȤˣĲͬαķӦľ鷢չ 
ʮӰۣ˽ŷǳḻҰ⾭飻Ĵѧһ㲻ˣʹӲСͶ˱ֻԾŮڵһ ˵CPС˵Ů߹Ҳ÷ḻ֪ʶΪһ·˲ٵȤζ 
ò˵Ҷ⵵Ŀܹܻӭǰ˴زĵǰ׼ڵĲԣŶӹԱѵ
αҲѡģɵ㲻㡭
µͷ⵵յĹȴ֣֪ʲôʱ𣬵ĻȻֵֹˡ
ԸţǾ÷ֱ˭Ӧĸǩ
ҲСأô׶޷ɪɪ
ʷù˵ˣڴĿ͵һŶ
ĵĻԣò֪˶һͷˮȺڰıʲô̫飡
˵ķ˿㹻࣬ĿҲȷЩϡŹֵĵĻڵĻʱûôעĿ
ֱֱĿԽԽࡣ
ʵĻӰۺͶ϶ǣ濧λġڵ𣿶ֺܶ࣬Ҳ󣿡
Ҳ˰ɣ˼αǶ˽⡣̰ҾþǸͽǮ򽻵ˣǮ˭ûоͷ
ѧѧģһοĿԽԽüе֡ܺ˵ǰߣȵĳȷʵÿЦ۾Ǹ˲̫ĸоرע˵̬ȺͷӦеĳ̶ȣ̸ۡʲôʵ̸Ķ˶֪ҵ糣ʶ
˿ȺҲȷЩ۵ף
ǰʱѧֱԳҶˣԤڲϾҪ£
һǳɣȶȣ
˿Ⱥ۷׷ףͷȫֻһĿαȻ˵ȫҪһּ񶾵ݴʣǲԼҸ/˰
Ǻʱܹ
ҲһЩķ˿ǹעֱ䣬֪ѧеˣ˿ĻŻš
ǰոճӦԶھֵԼˣ
ָϽ˵ûָգ̸ݴʶûֱָҲ˵λ׼׼׼ˣǲǻиαûݴʣΨһһҲضҼң
ͲסǴ˿ӿ΢£ҪǸ壡
˿ֵòСûһȦҵڵǴˡλ˵ľ͹˾ǵĶԼң
Ͻ죡Ӱ۵ľЩ궼ڹ켣̫˽ģͨС
˵ķ˾յİɡܲϵǸʦѹ
Ĺ˾Щ쵹һЩ飬ΪֻҪǮƣҲܰڵƽ
λ˵ĶԼȻֽкãͲԽԽãһ⼸˾ܳ׷
λαĵ绰𣬾ˡˡѶڲ绰ʶͼȡϵֱ֪飬ȴνĿڿ¼Ժ˼αǵֻһʱᾹϵϣ
ʱ˿̣ͬǵĻнĿҶɡ
ֱ˳㿪ʼس̣һͨ˽˹ϵץʱµαı
ûȵһӵԼҴĵ绰
Ŀˡ
濪ھӲһҶûд𸴣綼кҶͨ뺡
ͺ˵ʵʵӰʦ˾ĶûĻ𲻵£ִ󣬶˼ҲȦ﹤ˡ
ҶúŰ˵˵绰Ժͷ
ֿ𱣹ܼαֻĹԱСصһߣ˵ľ͹˾Ҫھͺͨ߶סˡ
ԭԼһʼǲǾͲȥѧֱڱӲڻ˵ҶŭЦУ
ֻˣһϵϣ
Щ͹˾һʱϲ͸ԭŵҹ̸ָĸ⣡һûʲô£Ҫڵģ
нĿֱӸ㣬ŪҶɻеӵģ
Ͳˣȥƽ£
Ҳ뿴ˣ浹˰˱ӵùŪһѵţ
;ϢϷһ˻ɽա
ĿȺܽڶڵݷڰʼ㣬м˼αǶݵϢʱ䡣
ȷʵЩƣļαûһʼĹӪҵ״̬ԴĮһһߣ˼αһߣֳԵĽޡ
λ۸ߵǺܿйԱǰˮӡȣרҵĻױʦæױ
ΪҶ˾û˸Ҹλα淢
ӰСôҲһԵĹԱҲտαĻˡĲʳ˼̻ϷЩѡ
˶˲ٺȴһû𣬶ŰæװŮԱ˼ЦùԱЦ
˼֪ΪʲôЩ˽ͬͷĻģȻͬǶʲôû£ġ
߹ܺǰ磬պ˼αֺ꣬ܿȥͬӰ̸ݵ˵ԼӰԣڰ˶˼Ҳʮ˽⡣
ΪƱϷԼһĴѧ˶ʿҵϳжרҵ֤飬йҵĹ顣ͬ˵СͶʷͷͷǵ
Ҷ̬Ҳ
˶óμ⵵ĿҪչԼҵһߵĽڽҲûȥǡ
ǫͣʵȴǽԼѧʶݣʲôνӰۡѹмֺá
ѧУ쵼ǿҪμӣǾԲֶ
ϷӺͭζˣɶǿֹߵ˵䡣
˵ܶдС˵˶ȽլƽʱҲɽ𣿡
ûϵڻԼ죬ɸɵػ˾䣺ȷʵȽϲڼдѹҲȽϴ󡣵żǻȥתһתġ
˲ôĵҲûȥ
Ҷع۲ÿһαԽԽÿ˶ɣϸֱֶҪˣ
Ϸαǳɹ˽ʤõǴɽĴͣһʧֻܲس档
ͷֵ˰˼ûʧ䣬Ц˵þˣ֮ǰ˶ԣڿԽˣʮĿɰģ
ʤĺҲ󷽵ؽСĶα
˶ɴؽӹʵȴûж֪Ϊʲôһ顣̺ͽҲ߷һЩΪ˳ϵĿѹûжԣǳԺзȥˡ
ʵʵİӿƬڡ
αΧսĿİһĽμӽĿĸջ
Ҳ˵Ȼķԣ޷˵һ˵̫æµȱ׽Ȼ˼֮Ļ
죬˯ǰϷȫ
˭ˣһԺ̵ĵȴûа˵õ̸ᡣ
˵һ˵Լʲôȱ㣬ʲôڵġ̫õ飬ҽҶ̰ɣ
εغ⣬
αɫЩѿʾͺͬ
ҶһҶ˵˵˳֪һ£ĿС¼Ϊֱ
׵ûߵġСɹ˱ɫ˵ͺͬһĻŵؿһԵŶӡ
Ȧ﹤ô꣬ûôƻϹŶӣˣأ
ҶɼװʲôûһЩԴ˲ɻļαֻǸ
ڸոգ׶ϵˣýĿйע˵ľٶ
Ȼû͸¶ϢҶô᲻ף
Щα⣬ĿҲ첥ͷˣ
СģǾɡ
˼һֱóȻڵķУαǶĪĸĶǶЩ̫ˡ
нĿԼʲôµģ
Ŀǰ׼һյʽĵαΧԴЧļٻɽ¶ӪϣɫĵƻӳÿϹֳһ˿ֲ
ɽҹر硣ȫµӪûˣܶ˺Ȼ͸оһӾͽ˷
ҲòӷЩأЩˡ
ڳ˼ڲ졢ڹ۲죬˴ľ¡
˼ѾԸ½ġȱˡֻͷЦ
ȱ̫ˣǻ̲סԲ˺˺Լˡ
ΧֱĹڴ˿̶ˣ˼Ҳ̫ˣڴ˰⣿ʵʱĻ
ûҶŻˣֱˣ
αҲЦ顣˼Ǹأ
һѾͷ˶ü¶һ˿ЦҲܿ쿪ڡ
ȱܾ̫̫СģֲܰԼָǣʱҲЩء
ĻαҲ̲סЦնʱ˲١
Ҷڸȥˡ
˵ǣôϷΪ׷ԼеݼٵݡͬԱģҲȷʵǺԼļ˺顣
ۣ˵ѧУвѧ˵Һܿ£ΥҶĿù涨ҪҿơѧģҲġ
̣ʵдûʲôŵˡȱ̫ˣһ춼˵꣬ʲôڵܾͶ̥ʱûԼõ㣿
ЩٷĻ˷˿ˣ󲿷ֹڶûرĸо
ⱾǸգǴŹȻġ
ôأ
ҶۿʵʱֱĵĻȻһȫҳɵĺɫ֡
һ죺̰ƭ
ͻȻֵѪ֣ǶһϽǲǱڿˣϵͳbugˡҲһЩͫ׷Ŵӿ죬ѲɵһҪ
Ҷص㿴򰲺˶Ҳúְҵ״̰һʣͼߺõᶥ˵˽кܶϣƭ
Ļϣ֪ķ˿ѾͳԹȺڳ
ֳ֪ļαԽԽ䣬ҲԽԽţܾڵӪʲôƵģ̲סѽĿǲǸϽһ̡
ȻǴֽƵɷףҪվֽȴסˣһûվˤ˵ϣ
ϵ˼ȥ۾ʲôʱҲûʧɫվˣ
һоͷʱ˶֪ոշʲôֱ˼˵棬ָź˾䣺ߣ
ҲƼ߾Ȼߣô๤ԱǿţҲǰһƬӪ˷ߵĴôûһ˷ˣ
оƬֱۣǿֲĹ⻬кͻȻʪһƬհףȣֱˣ
ͷΣͨǻƺɫҹӪϲֻۡҪ㿴̱ᱻ˫ϸСĺɫ۾ȫע죬ںޱа
αĴɢԱǰϣҪȴ־ںԽԽߣֱͱһ㣡
ͷ뻨ƣǶߣ
ǼˣʱƵûʱ򣬴ǰҲû˵軯ɽж߳û
һԱȥ˺豸鲻Ϻˣ
ƫƫʱ򣬼α˰ȴǱҧˣ˵ʹ
λαҲ֪ʹǱŻģϽȥ
αİԽԽ󣬶ĺˮ£ԲԾ
һ˹ĳٹ˲ñ飬Ѹٳ룡
һ߱ܵҶᣬⱨӦҲ̫˰ɣѵĽĿҪͷ
ңȻ
л˵


26 
Ŀ˳Ӫ, ҧ˵ĺѾ˻ԣһ˵ŶʹļαҲ˫۽գʹ˵˵ˡ
ɽнĿĳ, ŶҽԱһʱ佫ǰҽԺΡ
ͬʱĪ۷粨ʱĳֱաõСжֱϢҲѡ
õСֱжϣ
ռαͻⶾϮαԣ
¼սĿڼͻȻԣ
شֱӵǶ, Ϊ˽ȦͷţӰԺ͸е·Ѷ, ý߷ϢҲȺ鼤ܣ
Ŀ΢ҲǷ˿ʣô£ôúõȥĸվͻˣ
ĵӰԣλ˵ķ˿ȻҲںĿ˵Ǳûʲô¡
ľˡҲӰռ, ΪǮȻӰ۲μֺްȫϡlowҵգΪǮ˵
λ˵ľˡ˾Ҳڸϵ, ʽĿָ˵
Ҷɵͷҳһţ°ð˺һǷϵزǷϵģ벻ͨôôߣôͻȻʹʳж
ԼŶӵĹλĵùȾˣŵ¼
ľ˸·ɻҽԺȵϢϵҽԺŶӵǰһƣ
һڳ˶ɵˡƫƫӰۻȣҲΣ޻˵
ҶԱ, ڵ˳
Ҫ, µĹԱ
Ҫʲô, ҵţǼƾ˽ģ
ĺͬ, ľƽȦжԼ, ҪŶӵ˸, ҪҶ޷ٻȥ
ʱûʲôˣǸոոϴθҪú
һȼ֮ʱҽ˳
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ľһɵɨҶɵˣ϶˾Ⱥ˺Լˡ
ҶҲڸո·ϱ˾
ĵߵòҽԺѪ壬ѾΣգҪסԺ۲һʱ䡣
һߣҽҲ֪˲˵ǰ
Ҷץʱѯ˵ҽɽϳֶ඾Ƿڵõ߲ȷʵеĴ𸴡
жͬһͷȻ˹£
ŭصǣ߽̱Сģ
ҶתͷʹԱûϵϺļ鷢Ҫһʱ֪ͨԷ˵ġ
ովʹˣһֱûдͨ
ļϵϣҶɵĵ绰򱬡ýҪɷһϢǰ¹ˡͶ̣ѡҲ׷״绰ѯʽĿôˡ
ҶԽľƣĿŶ۵֮һƫƫֵʱĪ˺üΣҹҹѹչԽԽ֡
һȴõ˽ĿҪƵԤ档ȻڶھֱӲжϡ
ȻǰһڣҲûվסվһԵ̷ס
Ҷɱޱʱֻˡ
ȰȥϢһҶҲҵֻȥһ͵һ顣
Ϊո̫˴ֻɴ࡭˷ģʽĹܣ˭ĵ绰Ҳ򲻽
ԡ˭ϵ
̵ܾİοͰҶɱֻҵһ𣬾һŮ
˹ڣǵļαԶһ㡣
ҪȻԽԽùġ
ҶֻȻսû޳ħһΣˣ
˿̻һΪ;ͽָԽ
ʦң
£Ѿ˲ϱˣֻ֪ɽԪ׵˭᲻µ
ȻᣬαԽԽùѵȫŪˣ
ᣬԭڱŭΡή֮䲻صҶɶʱֻǣǱʲôҰĶסĸоҲɢ
ĳԽǧֱ˼άҶһθоƮƮȻĸоÿϸڽǸȻĸ˵
Ϊһҿϲŵܡ
ʦĻҶɼæǣʲô֪ôܷΪ
˵ǰˡ⡱㹻һ֮ǰԷ˵νգ˭СôУ
ѵһϷ
˾ķͥϣķŲ·ߵ֤ݷɹ涨Сôܡ
ꡪ
һ̣ĳʼҶɵ֮ǰµλα˽չ
ϣҶѾĹѪͷһáŶӵˡǵļˡҲ˳
˱ϣҶɱǿȦ˸ǡҲΪʲô꼶뵽λˣôһŶӿգжƽֵ̨ԭ
ָûʲôȫɣֻҪֻҪ⣡ǧжޣ
˰ǳʲô𣿸ϽȥٱŪҲûˣ
ˣĿȻ¿ˣ
ŶӶֱȻҲжϡڣĿȻĻָźţδɵ㣿
ַͷ˼⣬ҪҪ
ҶɵһڽĿûǰȫ豸Աĸֻ˸ֻͿʼª㡣
ЩģͷҲ̫ȶͷҽԺҰ׵ĵƹ⣬ңɫҲ̫ÿ
ոջڷĻ˺ͽĿĹڶ̲סŻԼֵ֣⿪ͷò˺ȻĳЩαװɼ¼ƬĿֲӰ
ûйı֣ٹȴԼԼʲôƵģĵ첻ظظëȻĽǵĴԣ
йڵӵ˶µվԶԣĿǲ͵͵͵֣Ⱦǣ
Ѿ˦˶ֱŵĻܹ޵ʲô졪
ȣԼܵ˺ŮʿԼǵļˡŶӱʾǸ⡣һеαȫҽƷԼãԭļƻҲȫȡ
ҶɴĺȦžͷ˸û˼ȥĻ϶˵ʲôĿȥˡ
ܿùһԹԱϵĵԣ㱵ؽĻչھͷǰ
Щ飬Ҳ͹ڽ¼ʶ⡣Ѿھ֮ǰҲյһЩǰ֪Ķ
⣬Ѿٴը
˹˺ͼıɱ
Ҷѧֱ˵ÿһ֣еϸڣ¹ʡǰǸʺ֣ȶݣ˿
ǵȵļ㵽Ҫǿʲôǲ׽Ӱжΰɣ
Ҷʿˮȥе𾪽ĸϱ˹ǣʵò˸ýĿɶ
Ǻύǵıҵ֤顢֤顢ĵڿͼڹ顢ְ߹ֻƬǵĹԱҲȷʵ鵽ϡ
Ѿ뵽ʲôŴ졣
Ҷɣոգ˽⵽ҵ֤ϵѧУЩû¼ȡҵκһHAOĹˡ
Ҳʱ֡
Ҷɼõǵɣһתչʾ˱֤ݡ
ṩĶƪϲ鵽нרҵĽڼڴα졢ϮΪվƬʵҲǾ۸ġð
ҶôҲû뵽ƭָľȻȦˣȥиɻĹ˾߹ܣ
һУѧУѧɹְ񽱾ȫαģ
ĿļҲ٣
չֳòֻ֡ƭ
óЩ֤ݣԭ˵úһ߼˲šھӢȻΪһնĹֱɵۡ
ǿʲôʵ𣡣
ȫǼٵģƾʲôʵء
ĿŶӵĲ˶óȷʵжĺۼֻױ£ĻĹڿûôԶѡ
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˻һǴ󶼹˲úϵţҶɣʲôŪ٣ƭˣʲô飿
Ҷͷûȷ֤ݣֻѴƺ͹ڴڶӡ̫һʵǣ˲پͶʺ;ڹķܲá
⣬ǸרעݼӰۣʵЩݵƬӴֺܵ͵ҵƬ뽱ҲǶǰˡ
ӳ궨ӹ⣬ýϼѲʲôʲôϢֻ֪Ǹб¡ҾҲԺյŮˡ
ҵڶ۰᲻һľȴҵǳǿơ̰ġֶΡ
絹ǺĺϣżЩɣҲ˵ǰùĳɼ˵£˦˺͹Ҳѹȥˡ
Щڹ⣬ܡҪڶʱڴⷽȥ̽飬Ѷȡ
ĪߺͳԹĶ־ͱ˲ˡ
ڣؾѾֱʳĹԱԼŶԱмѯʡ
ҶɽֱֻӴ˿ڴ߽ڵĲѯûкʲô˽
һ˲ֺܿȻس˼һԵľǲͷش
Ȧûϣ˼Һõġ˭֪˭ĸá
õԼش𣡡ɲףþ˲Ҫ廰
Ҷɽ˺ݺݵһۡҶҲû򾯷ṩ
Ϊ˱֤˵İȫǶǰԽÿα޹ɡһ·ˮͳһģٷҲкα˴˷һ˷ݵ̲
Ҷ֪ûлʤҲܽСø
Ҷɷ˭̵ģ۾Խ
⻹ǲܱ֤һԵͱ˲һĶ˾ֱֳҶĵط紽ࡢӪ֮ĵطֽţ
֪˵ҶƬˣ֪ĻΪıְǸ硢ҡ
ľ˵ǺֱӸ߾첡ھ񲻺ãʲôЩŲһҵ֡
ͱ˵ʲôҲֻĹ΢ӣúõӰôиƢôľˡ
쿴ɫ԰ףȷʵܲûܴԩˣֻȳȥѯˡ
ҶȴˣûеʲôҲûʲô£˲ɳеĺ
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ⱥί벻һϵĹںֻܿԼ
һ˵ӰôܻǸ̰أͣҪ̰ʲô
ֱǰҲҪǰǸԱһҲѵһ֪ߵغҶɡ
Ȼ˭¶ҪΪʲô˵̰Ҷɴͷһ͸塣
ֱڶԷҪʱĿڴȻһЦ
𣿡
ûĻеҶɵĿڴﴫ˳ֽŴ˵Ŀڴ﷢ڲĺһͬ˳
ոջӶľ˾ֵؿܣϴθڴϵҲŴ˫ۣʲô
Сڿʼṩ̰֤ʺ֤ݡ
һһ۵˵ĿĻǸеȻڵͬЦһ㾪㤵ҶֱĹչһȻͬӰۡ
1974710ճĸϵйˣҾƶ1990꿼ְѧԺʶ˾ټʡĹŵʦ
ء߹Ӱ۾Ȼĳոջⲻ֪Ūһڹ۷׷ס
ķ˿ȻҲҪ˵ѵͨ˾ͲܳΪӰۣʷ
ֻ˵Ӱ츳ˣ־
̸ͣˣ׼˵
ǿֳȻҲڵı飬͹ڸǲľ־塣
2007ָ꣬ʾʱĽཱίͨﾺָ߷壬ڵʱ˳ôӰƬơ
ӰõĵһӰ۽ȻôŪģ
罻ƽ̨Ѿʵʱּ¼еۣҲԽԽھȹ鵽˵µظ֤
2012꣬ڱʶùý˾Ůº飬ԸԷ壬աύӰҵ࣬ݺƷĴչͶʡ
ʲôʳ˼ֻ̻רݼ涼ѡ
Աһ壬ȫ塣
20209£͵˰©˰Ϊ׶˰񡣿ϴ̬ãҳδ⹫桭
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20221£عĵӰ桢գʽͬʱȡӵԭ£Ȼ
20229£尲ĹԱڻڼ䣬ɹĻǰˣҸȼӼ׷㡪һο̹ĵľ档
Ŀɿڴڶ̶̼Ӱ۵һ˶𾪵˵
˵ģӰ۵һȷ̰ݡ
ûȦΪ˸ߵְλõĴѶʦΪԱΪ˸õĽɫѡˣǩԼˣǢ׬ǮƬӣύǿ裬ְͨ취ΪӰۣݺò⻷ӭȢ˹ⳬǧС㣬ȴֲֻΪŮܸҪΪʱ˳òΪǮعӵӰգȴͬź˿ҪԷڹڰԼ׬ػӵǮ
κһʱܹԼ̰ܶӵкܺõ
ƫƫ̰ûֹģһԶ֪㣬ֱУԨ
ԼжȻڹںǴͷű˽һˮ಻סҡͷϡ
ܵģ
ôôģ
ǸضеȴѾʧһ˳Ρ
ֻ΢ϣС΢ŷݣһ죺̰ƭߡ
ؿԼ߹ɵһϵͳ׵ĺ󡢼ޱߵ棬עʱڶܹе˼ά
ϸָ޵زϵͳͷϴŵ¿ëͷΣ¶ǳЦݡ
Ȼڿһץץʲôɵؽ顣
۵ĶȻ
ĳαҽԺϣ͵סؿڵľƣ˺üѪɫ̻̣


27 
ʲôĶ, һһͳһˡ
СԬһƵĺʹŤһ˲ȴҽûü㳹ѡ
ôˣ
Щƺæµ, ҽԺʱԱٵĹ˳ƼǸϸ΢Ķʵ
ڼ䣬ÿϽԼҵһЩݾԶرƷԼѧйصĹ鼮
ԹԵűʼǱһԵɳϿʼҲô˵żЩѰľٶҲٷʡ
ֻ, ǹ۲ߵ, ܴϸ΢̬졣
磬ڹǾһǰĲͬ
ûʲô
ɿ֡࣬ûֱӴǸ
˳Ҳûٶ, ֻ΢΢½עŻص˱ʼǱϡ۽ϵЩ졣
ι˳״̬Բ֮ǰá
ո, ҽʿճѰʱ̲סһҪҪȥһ塣ʵе㵣һˡ
˿̣˳ĴɡףЩɫƤŵԵ۾ޱ˵ȡ
ڵ֪ԸıԼùʱҪƷùζЩ쵹ǹñȴǰҪҡ
˶챻ùڸסġù˳ù̶ֳʵں
˴ǰ̫ԩⶢͷҪϵùԳծ
ƫƫ, ֿ˵ǰ
Ƥ, ʶ˼ǰ, ȴǡ֡ģò
֪ô, ϵͳ޵һèƶ
˵, źڵı仯ԽԽ, ֱСսϱϷΪúġ
֪УǰͬèƬ϶Ϊһ΢΢عǡ
˳ʡ˲ҲЩЦ
˳Ȼ֪˿̵̬֪˿Լ˿Խֵı仯
ô꣬оóԼùġɡֻҪõĲƸԽ࣬ǽһʱͻԽĵù
ΨһһģֱܹŤתɵˡ
⿴š͸ͬѧ֮Ĺ˳õµǰѾоҲ
ôԽùԽŶӶԼչʵ۲Ҫ
ʱط˶Լġݡ
Ȼܴ졢ˡյһϵеù½ڵ״ҲȷȷǸˡ
е㵹ùҲˡΪҺҪҵƿѧѧ޵Ǹˡ
ˣ˴˿̻ڷյĹ˳԰׵ϴŵΪȻֵԺΣ۽Ƿĸûǿȵо
Ϊ岻ʣĺЩأԴصĴϢڲ𣬹˳ҲͬʱоԼĽչ
Щ죬ͬһоĲʵ顣
ʶǰΪûʵ塢ֻǴ˵еĵһǻδ۲⵽Ĵڷʽ
˶仯ĳЩǿȵʶòľ޴Ҳȫ硣
˳̧̧۾΢΢⣬Խ˵Խ¡ⲻЩĵȤ
ǰǸܵʵĴڣһʽ䶨ԡ
ѧҶѾ֤̬˶켣Աʶŵ£ܾǸšȷӡõĳʣſơżȻıȻ
רעǰŲ֮ɫȴ̬ˣ΢ָһ
ûԵ˱㲻̽ѧİͨ˵δ֪ˣ
ɣûоԡ
ϵͳСԬҲ˶䣬ȫȻ˸ոշġС
Ȼйɣͬʥ˺һ
Ȼܹס壬ȻҲӵԶ/ܹչ֡еӵԻν츳˸׽ܹͷųϢΪܡӰ쵽걾Դ
ԡ֪Զˡĵá
һˣһǵΨһ˫̺۴ֻаޱȼᶨ
ϵͳ̲סشԼߵСԬ
Ϊϵͳݿֻû֪ʶԼͬ빤йصݡΪĵطڿѧԶλ棬ܹɵдĵطҲܹʤСԼԼС뷨
ݿŵĲѧɻͬ͵ùĶԻӦȷһͨģ
Լ񡭡ȷʵӦú¹
ΪǶǿѧ
˵˵ţ˳ȻʧˡһƲŷȻѾ۾˯ˣ
ǴŲɫȴƽԵö˷ǱŵʱЩü֮Щ࣬˯˻˼ĳЩµ⡣
ô˯ɳϣۻˡ
Եͨˣ񣬵ȷЩ˼
ŲһƬùҲעǣϵͳҲ˸ոԼץʲôŵ
ոʲô͵͵𣡡
һ˲䣬ĪԼЩûʲôָоѾʧˡ
̧̧ۣд⡣˳ĵù亱Ҷù˳̶ȴҲضá
ҪȻôճôһ˲żüáĽĿ
ҽԺԭڹˣ˽̻ƱԼ˳ӡƼ˶ͻȻѪ±ҽ֡¡ǵǿԼoȻ¡
ǰҪôµĽĿ鹤Ա̽ǵǰǴ˶
Զ㣡ھ͸Զ㣡
ʹؿſͰ͡һ˲ɫ˵İ˶ͲʹԼϣһеĿʹе
һȺ˸ϵҽԺʱвҽʿҽԺĲ˶͵͵λȦǾ޺ͳԡ
ŶӵĲŮԹԱͻȻѪҲ¶˸ӵǡǵı飬Աǰλǵļαӣ˽˸顣
˶˱ӫĻϸӺÿˣֱǴճܹͨ࣬ǸԽ֣Ͷ֮䶼޵ֻҪĵһ۾ͿŮΪݲκεˣ
Ǹҽڼ˶ԺԾˣôô˵ˣѹֻôķ˿
ӡ֮ҽԺָ˶ŮʿһҽԺŵѯʰ˶ġ
ɾҽԺ飬˶ûܵκˡ˵ļѪȴǳ飬ֻҲʱ˸˲Ϣһ£òѪҩ
ûӡõҩ˶ĲѾ̽ˡ
Ͱ˶ͬ˾ĳСݹ˶MV֪ģ׶ػ˿Ԯ᳤ҲǸŮǿ˵ڹ˾ϼ
ǵӵؿŮˣڰ˶һûºۿûñ˴֮İӿӰ쵽ˡ
˶绰һֱͨŵҸϽ˹Һ㱣֤ĿҲȦǰ
˶磬ܿˡ
֮ǰ˵Ҫһ¼ƣ㻹ҪĺˣӦġ
ڻѲܣ
Ҹ˵ڶŰ˶⣬ڡ
ҲӦðοοЩΪǵŮǵİ˶ôˣ·ͬʱҲֱ
ôܹûᱻĵҪֳ
ֻԼǰ;ҵƫƫЩ˻ʲô⣬ϽǶͨ˽ݡαװģýĵҲԲҷų
˶ɫֱܿú޹ͬǵǸ˵Լո˵ˡʵûʲô󰭣ôΪģ
ӡż˻ô죬мɬִΣЩۡ
ˣԼԸΪһУȻҲϲҫ۵ڶ׷ߣһҪΪ˶رǸûһõġ
Լߣڹ΢һЩѾȱҸ̫࣡ҲӦ֪ˣ
ǷļϵھȻڲҽ˵ûд󰭣ֻѪ̫飬ӡҲûǸס
˶ھͶⷢ˳Ŀ¼ƵĹ棬òá
ʦҲʦ磬ǸҲȥϸúýѵһòã
˭֪֣˶ǺԤ׵رɫͷʼ΢΢ðҲһ˲ĽӲعŷԼѾ˵ˣҪĻ
֪ʲô˶ֲԽԼǰȥɬ
ҪԼСҪǣһƽȶȣҵķݡ
ɽɣοԼֻǸ⡣
Ů˿ȴȻƬ̡
֪ǲΪҽԺƹ⣬ǰ˵ȷѪЩ㲡ܾá˶ûдǰôˡ
ҵˣһü
ǰʱ䣬˾̫æûʱȥһ˶ôûãֱЩȥ˾ֵƽ
Ϊ˲Ϣ˳ȥ
ֻǣһҼ˰˶ֱ֮ʱޱ㲻ᣬԼ©һˣļ춼Ϊֻ˼֮зʹͷԷ衣
ֻҪܶ˵仰ֻǴͬһռͬĿҲ޺
죬ֻǱ˴ؿУĬûиֳղҪٺͰ˶ദһ
˿̣ǰľóסطڶǰİ˶ȻҲû˼ȥעЩ֮֮ȥŮˣֻ֪ԼĴôˣ
ڸոգ˶оǸ߸ϵܵʲôҵĹΪߵҲܵǣ
ոǼŮ˸νѧ飬˶ӾòѲǸѧҲʲô˵Ĵڣ
ܿ죬ҡҡͷ뷨
Ȧ˽¹ǧٹִڵ˲ɴ󲿷˶ǱƭӺƭù˸գװ׿Ǯơ
˹Сǲ˶ܳΪһߣϣȦȫԴϷֵġ
ʵϣȦЩ⣬ܹͻȻһҲһгһֵֻж˿һҹ죬ʵʲǱʱķ͡
õӳ֣һù֮֮١
簲˶Ĺһ˵ĴڣҲǿΪԵǧŮ˵Ķ
ϣȦҲв˵˶Щаԡܺãһװĸӣڵ٣˫۾üȻĳջ󣬼ŮԵԶϵЦݴа
СŮѧǴİ̶̡˻ᱻ
ǰ˶ĳҲûм¡ѵŮΪ֪֮˵˽ҲҪ˻ķɶ꣬Թ޻ڵʾ⣬Ϸֵĳ̶ȡ
ԽӦޱȽˡǧС㡢ְܣ޲˳Եġ
ҪЩΪʲô԰˶˳ԣǴҲ˵ԭֻ˵һ㱻ǣĶˡ
ˣȦ˽»вϷư˶ǸŮ²ǹŴ־С˵Щ˻ǡ˾Ѫĺ꾫
˭˵˾Ͳܹأ
ǰһѧİ˶ΪڵòУ԰ķոյĳѾйУѧѧãУѧְ㽻ľ
߼¼һڻŮѣ˼һҪ
ʱֵżĻ𡣿̨żԼ̨ǧŮ˶ҲҪΪżǵ뷨
Ϊɫòӵ̽Ͷ֦
ֻǣνĹ˾˶ŷԭ˧衢ᳪ衢̨˲Ҫ̫ࡣ
ûܿٳߺ죬Ҫһѵ尾صȴϰѡ
ò׳˵˾ԴԱˮƽֲβ룬Ŷûܴˮ˶ҲһЩվڶĵżȴʮǧ
ܴİ˶ԼЩżΪʲôǲܱ죬Ϊʲô˿ǲ˼Ҷࣿ
˾ĻԽԽ٣İ˶ɴż˻˺ܾöûȥϼҡҲλȥ׸ıˡ
·ϣѾǲ̫ϻȥǼİ˶Լôȥš
ش̫æˣҲϲȥ˶ȴȫǽڡ
˼һ᲻ϲȥֵġæôæ
ÿ꣬ɶҪүү̼ҹڵġ
סĵطƫƧ˳ӻܿȥȻҪϺһ˼ĵطƼһ䡣
˿ѯʣ˵ǶǶŵļˣǱܿʲôµĶһó·һֱֵֹڱָǡ
ֵضŴĴ˶ڵżҡ
Ժ⣬ңǰҴҵĶӻˣ
˼룬ͷԵĶƿԺ˽ȥԺ˲ٵļЩȴ񰲺˶ƽʱļԵø⵨Сһԡ⻹ЩϹ
ţиϵŮ˵ŴŶ߽˷ӡ
С谵ǰ˶żҵĵһӡ
ңֵֹܾģɹظо۾͵͵ǡ
ôˣ
֪ͻȻֵСֱ˰˶һЩʧȥ˼
ȴûôעԼŮ¶Լĳ࣬ʲô
ʮδĸŮٶ꣬ͨ˼硢С
˼ǧǮݸҲˣûŮΣŮôû
һڶԼ˵Щ궼ʲôʲô仯
˵Լӣ̾˿ֺܿЦ˵ȥˣȻЩࡢǰ;ҲǻǺŬģҲзǳϲ
ܶϲűøˣһֱûͣǺ˭˽һ
˶ԽԽûڣЩڸˡ
Ȼôöţʵڲ㡣ΪŹ֣ܾҲе⣿
ȴϰһ㣬ԼԼ˵˵Ķ˵ˣǮˣҲȴԸŮһ׼뿪
˶Ϳ˵´㣬ȴȻ˼ץס֡
ű˪ƵãҲû£Ҳȥˡ
ǰͷİû⻰Լǣס˶ӣܿѶԼߣϴž裬ǲͬԷӴƵģָֺܿ
ô߶߶ġ
˶Ű˼ңԼ䣬͵͵ӿӿڴͳ˸Сľơ
ľƿȥЩˣŵĻȴɼһֻЩĺꣿ
֮䣬оǺ۾Ҳڿаȣð˶Ͻգգۣһͨĵľƣᶯ
Լǿˡ
ֱϣμԼһֻĶ
Ÿһֱһλɣٻ˵İĽ
ɲϲĺɽֱ֡
ɿȫԸ
ⲻ˼ݣԺİ˶ܿ˵Լڵ󣬶ǸȴƺЦĸˣŵ˵ͷǽʲô
ɶǳ⣬ıҲڴġ
󣬰˶Ѹߺ죬ΪŮ˵ˣӵ˷˿һҲ乩ļϵԽӽܡ
ҹҹ벻ͬŮͬõ޿ɸӵĵز
ƫƫԽŪУõԽ˵İޣͻøӸԽ᲻벻
ֱ죬ЩϲտļλŮͻȻ;ЩȻζ
ǣǶǻӡΡӵóģ
Ҳܿ쳢зİͬһʧζ
л˵
ҵҶῴֻΪ̫æûʱһһظ
Ҿһǧ뷨ǰ쿴źöСɰ˵Ҫ˵Ļ̲סǲΪдûôˣǲǲÿ
ΪŲҪҪö߾ˮһµĽ಻Ծؾͼӿˡ
ȡҵҲ̬дȥϣܼҵӰ
˸齱ȡ100СɰñңףҺŶ


28 
, ̮˼αϢȫٵ˵Χۡ
ſȵӾһľ飬ԹȺǶˣʵ, ĳӰƷųƬλӪ
꣬йӰӴԼԱǰȥμڱٰĻ⼸겻ٿս㡢ÿͶһ
ֻǹڵϢڸǵĺܺã˶û˵ˡ
ϾסڱĹ֤, ӵȷǱýŮ岻ʽۺ, Ӵ仹д˳ͬصġһֱϵ
ҵĲƲһڳ, Է˵ڡѵ治ϡ档
ͬʱԽԽҵʿҲʾҪЩݼ˶Ǿҵҵ, 󶥼ˮɱż˿ֱȥ̫ˡ
ԼûĸѾȦӵһߵλȢвƷŮ˻Ӿˡҵİڲ
У˱ȡνƬǡǮգ඼ԼҪӵġȻŶӱԴά󡢰˿
󣬾ĳӹɱ˰ǣ˾ͨ棬˰Ӱҥû͵˰©˰󱻴Ϣǻʵĸ̰
ĵϸҲڱ˳, ϵϢΪα졣дıҵԺУУѾԲĲѯ˸ϵĹԱ, ȷʮں˴δͶУרҵƬַϢҲȫα졣
ϼرʾ, ԼĹ˾Ůթƭ
ʱ, 橵ӦƸǹ˾ĸ, ҲóޱƯļ, ȴְ˹ᣬŹ˾һǮ˽ӣû뵽Ů˾ȻϽĿթƭ
ֱ
ıӾݣҲ֮ǰˡǸ˾˵һʱûϳֱϢȫαϢԽԽ죬˺Ƭһ ƵŸȷ 
ѧֱ˵ԤԺĵһ죬̰ƭѾױԽԽ˿ʼҲӺʣµĸαӦĸ
Ƕ˶뵱С˼˽ʲôˣֲľϣ
ò˻Űɣ
ͺȻ¼ƽĿۿĿȶԽԽߣ˶̸ŽĿϵλαԭǮȫҪˮƯͶ̺ȻҶɷϢ
Ҷˣ㿴Ŀܼܲȥ
ʵΪ˶ۡõСͽĿαȶ̫ˣ˵ĿֻҪõԼλα㷢ƵϢ壬ʶܱǣ
ܴ󲿷ֵ۶ǸģɼܲסʵʵĹעȣԸǮҪ׷Ͷ⵵սĿ
ҶɶǰСʱԼĹѪͷͶ̺ȻԺ̬ȣһûס
ҶԸģʣαԸϣ
һǣʲôٷͬǲţ
ǿȰһȰ£Ҷ淢չǶȶȰû⣬ΪʲôúĻԼ
Ͷѭѭա
˳ȥ˼Ҷ˵ġңѵǲ˳û˻ȥ𣿡
ŶԷĻҶɺȻҲúе
ԭǳΪˣ¡ǰ첻ȥˣתͣ㣬ֱ⼸λαϵŪҲ;ͬˣ
ҶԽԽôһ£
뵽ԼҵϵԼôѣϢԴաԹա˵ͱˣ
֪سҶжԴȰ˵ʣµλα
ҪȰ˵ǣҪȰ˵ǵĹ˾λ׶˵ˡ
˭Ҳƽ޹ʱһֱȥǱȻҲ֪Լõ˾˶ף
ҲҪץʱ䣬˼λαľŹһˣҲԩһˣ
ܲܲ꣬Ŭ˵
˵ռ㣬ֻȡкϷڣΪ̸̸ĿλαĿɿڴֵô󣬽ĿȻҪģ
ԱȰʺƺеɡҲЩ¡
̫죬ڹ鶼ܱһسһҲ
ˣ塣
ǲܶԼ㹫ڵĺģ
Ҫ˳Ŀ黹ҪǾ⳥⳥
αǼ忹飬ȴڿӵԼѧУ쵼վࡢ͹˾ĵ绰
μӣǵʦ//˲ƽ޹ʸԩһ޹ģ
ŻǼţͲö֪ˡ
ϣѧʵǸ缶ĺ͵ĴԲ֪ôشϣ˵б۵ġ
ݹԤ桱ļ¼ȫΪɡͨԼ߳ļĴռ鱨ϢٽһЩŵ¼ϸѧṫͶƣ
ò˵²ⲻϴҵ֪ǡ˶ĳవӢ۵ֽкã
ԽԽңҪ϶˾ĻȻҲ˼λαĶԥһҡ
ǵ飬ʲôڿ͡Ӧǲ鲻İɣⲻʣα
׵Ǹң
ȻĿȻؼȥɲͽͶ¼еĹԱŶȫԱع飬ץʱ޸ĽĿ̣㣡
ĿϢϣȻ˴󲨹ע˶ȴŵڵĲҪĽĿ᲻ٷʲô
ԤʷܹעյĽĿô
Ҷɴһӣ֪ͨ¹Ա֮ǰĳЩԤҪȫˣҲҪ̫أһЩ
ڼӻ⣬׳һЩɷüαҲüα˴˽ǸȤ⡣һЩšĿ
ȻѹûѻԸȫԱˡĽĿҶĳЩֱ˵İС˼
ԱһǺҪһʷϴδйĽĿˣ
λαĿŶ¾۵һ𣬱˴˾εؿʼһڽĿĳﱸ
ܿ죬ǰӣһʱ򿪡õСĿڣۿֱ
ͷһ򿪣ֵľҶѾòϤһصĽĿˣ򵥰ѿؽĿࡣ
λڴҺãּˡ
ɬ˵ִʣҶɺָܿŹڸһͬĿʣĸα״
ٹڶ¶ȺЦı飬ܾýĿе𰡡
ŽʣĸȵڽĿòαٰɣ
λα»ص˽Ŀ鰲ŵס޵أعԭԼķ䡣֮ǰһţûжԭܰʵڴȴѾáĻ
֪ǸûϢŽĿҪͻϮ죬λαԶı࣬Ҳࡣ
ͷƬҶɣ˵С˼ǿԼı飬αɫ졣
ҶͬͷǰۿĿֱĹǴкʱӪҵ״̬һʼֱر
ܿ죬Ҳ̬
ڽ۶žͷãȻֱȰ˵Ӧѧ˼úġѧ˼άȥжÿ鱳ǲǿܴصĸţΪĸ档
Զſѧʲôųܿģ̽鵽ȥδ顣
ϴʵ˵ѻͦеҲԭЩѧ˾ʱſкøеĹΪȻ
ǣôѧңܽôѧǻ˵ʲôѧ
Щαô㲻ϸϵĺˣҲ֤ݳǰ˶һŶۣԩô죡
ҴͲʲôѧڼͣ
ڱֵĲһԵҲ˼žͷ
һдС˵ģÿ󲿷ʱ䶼ͷڵǰ֡ô꣬ôĸͣϢҶĳʲô
Ϊ֪ƵС˵ߣЩ괴˶౾ƪС˵ܣƽҪû⡢ϱˮȡɲžʱҲûˣ׷ױʾϹǧ£
ȻҲдģһôڷܵϹǲģͦס
˶ûڽʲôĽһͷ塣
Щ˳˳ˮ绽꣬žͷֻһû˵ʲô;ֱȥ˿
˶ŴҶ˰ɣкܶ˱˽ãһ㲻֡
׽ӰҲʵ˶Ů˾Ըôˣʲô£
˶磡Զ㣬Զߣ
Ȼ˶ô˿
һ˼۵׵ĺȦЩأɻóһЩžͷЦеͬۿֱĹʺãҶھͷûʲôԼ˿˵ģϴЦݲ
С̫ǣԶʧĶԲԣ
ʲôָֺܿ־ԵЦۣɿŵǿһ㣬ʵ
ϣԶ˼Ҳ᲻Ŭġ
˵һ٣ն
֮
ԡֻǰ֪˼ķ˿Ѿ޳ˣõˣŬŮÿһ˿ޱӣСﶼޱôܻء
ǾԲţ
ϵ۷ܿˣҶҲû˵ʲô
ͷλα¼ͨĿһͨ򵥵Ϸ˽ͣȻڲ緹
ֻǣ¸ոնֵزļαﵽ״Щ飬ûֵѰһ⣬ʲôĿЧˡ
緹Ҷ֪ͨλαһǰĴϿȿչһڡ
Ҫ˶ЩûϵȻҪ
ҡѾ˵˶ߺ¶ΪŵģαǶҰ⻷׻Щ٣Ǹ̫ˣѹȥ롣
αϵĵǡ־塢öչھͷǵҲͦͬġ
ڻмǳſʲô羰ģҶԹϵĺعع⣬óĳ壡
ҶɻǼһƻ֤һǰǰ˸ַƷܵԤ
ֱܵĿĵأһƬϿ¼һڣܿݴԡ̲ͿȿܴΣյĵҵϣ
˴ܶɲǣαûٶ෴ֻܲ鲻ԸϽĿĳǰǸνĴϿȡ
Ŀĵز̫ԶСʱĳ̾͵ˡֻǣһ·ϼû˵
в֪ʿƵ˵ҪΪ⳵ϼޱ˶Ǳģ
ʵҲˡ
α˵Ȼ鲻ãǡҶɲ˵һֱֻͨԵ롰ˡ硣
Ŀǰ˶塣
յ˶Щ˽Ϣٲ֤ݣԾҲǼҶֱӱ˵¡
˶Ϸѡˡ;ˡ
ƵȻֻġ
ǡһŮͬϷִľƳ֡ҶɲЩ꣬˶ôܰ
ֱݷʾոգεϢϷڽˣϽһڣ
Ҷ˿αм䡣
˴Ƿ羰صͭϿȣ滷ɽɽȺֱ졢վƱˡ
ɫʯķʴγɣڻɽһķòõԡֻǰĲٹڶϿȣԺлȥΡ
λαԣǵĸܾûйôˡ
ķ羰ȷʵܱߵɽ嶼ʯ״ɽҲȷƽ̹ǿԶ˻Σնġ
Ͽ֮Уһ̬ɽڲֳͬͬòеͷеŵĻǰ
͵ķͣ塢ĵòϿС༫ѹȣ𺳡ϢԼ˵΢
ӽɽȱЩѣİ˶˵ķӦҪϵĺëͨͨһֽŵĽҲЩСС
ԵļαԱе㶯һһէľԱ
˶ôˣ״̬е㲻԰
˶ǲ岻ĿʵǴɣȫαѣ
ûʲô£Ϊʲô
ţ˶һëҲһȥɣͷ˿Ȳϣ
˶ҲԼĲԾһֱͼͼȡϵòԷĴ𸴡
ԽʱԽҪõ˶İǶĳԣԸ׼ԼһУ
ǣ
Ϥ˶һ񣬿Ӱ˲Ҳݹˣ
λαϷڵͽˡѵĺɣȻҲһ³˵
Ҷɲʲôж֣ûǸҲûǸֻܿܲЩʲô
ҿϸ̵һԼĹȥһĿȿȹڡʡصĻ⡣
˵ϣԭһֱƬ˵İ˶Ⱦ֣󷽷
֪ڿ϶˶ſҷҲ˵ƫƫҪһġ
տϿͶΡŨܵüëĵ۴ŷԵģĺ촽˽һħԵջ
վھͷ룬Լͨ˵Ȧϵһ·̣زٷ˿жѡ
ҲܻἰԼһ˴ʢ
еŮԶܿɰСûͿ̵ĳ϶Լζ
˵˶žͷ¶ÿİգգۡ
ȷʵұ⣬ҲɱΪһЩ˶Ķ
˶Ȼ˵Լġۡ
ϣܺеŮԳΪѣԴҵҲÿ춼ԼзԸÿ˶һҡ
֪ǲܵģҲûҵǸҾÿҽΨһˣЩҵȷҲһֱֵ
žͷĹ޹ҴѣҲǸѰҰ˰ˡ
ôأ
˶ΪżȴһԺáСӵģ
ԺѣŮ˵ֺ黰§֮ƬС·ĵƫƫ˿û취ѷۡ
ʵ̫󡣺ڣٷ˿ĳۡ񰲺˶ʣûµİΧƲǲģģģ
ҲвŮţڻûгվߵŮˣֻᰮ˵㣿
ƽ֪˶ĺ죬ķ˿ҲķͨڿӫĻϲΪżԼĻϷάķ˿ǶĿɿڴ
û˾ⲻԾĽ+ҲԱϴ׳޷赲
αⷬûκα̬
˼֪˶Ǹʲôˣ̨ǰҪʱѹԸӴҶ࿴
ʣµС˵Ϊԭĳ࣬ǼʻǶģҲû¶ʲôɫ
Ҷû뵽˶ôʱ̶žͷ뾵ͷĹԱͷͻȻ
شǷŪPUAŮԣǵνϲǷǡ͸Եءͣ
õĻˣҲð˶յüͷ
ǺôĶⰡ֤𣿡
žͷƬˣЩ޼ɵ
ǰҾ˵ЩƨѧΪԼܣüʱԱԣΪ˭
˶Ц˵ģҷǳǸǲ˱
ҪȻһŮô˵ô񶾶ԴĻ
Ƕ޵˵
ϣȻֳһ۵ĺɫ壺ϧ´ˡֵҲ£
еĹڷִ˿ǶûٽݷͳȥֻܿûκûƵ岻롣
ϣȻ֪İ˶ͼķ˿
֪ԼˣҲкܶͼøְ취ʵ˺ңҵȻúõġ
ڣˣ
͸ԣʲôȤһĻǻϷʵЦ⡣
۱͵ڣҲЩˣĲٿңҿ뿪ǵҰ
˶۾ģոջҶϵϵԸָ֤ͨ˶˽ŪŮԵļŮҲͻȻĿڡ
˵ǵ˼˶ѾãǾԲ˽ǵĿȥ˺˶
ǰ±ŪҲĸԸ
ѡжǵˣ
ҵ˽ͣһһ۵ס
ذװצ๶׼ҪĲλڣ
˿̣Ľ˶˶Ҫ뿪Ը⸶κδ۱˶¸оĳƺڻָ͵أ
ޱȿµвдӰ˶ļСٱ¶ǰӻĿɥǿҿ־ھͷǰͻȻͱýӲֵ
ľ˿̵״̬
ʯ֮䣬һֻ޴ϼٸηľצգۼץס˰˶Ĳ޴ĳֱӽһһװ˴ϵ˵ϡ
Ȼһֻצ˵ٴκݺݴͷǣֻצƤ⣬Ѫܡ
໡
ĳҰһľ˻Ӱ˶﷢˳Ҳֳģģķ˵Ӱ
žડ
ֱжˣ
δʵм˳ҰԡѪģĳȫɵˡոġʲôЧ
˶ΪʲôͻȻƺһĽֵĺӰʲôǸô£
˶ֱҰϮΣϢѸٴ
Ҳͬһʱ䱨
ΨнرֱȴֳȫԱƼ˺
˶ƺѾѪģǸӰȴҪʹ࣬һһӼȴ̶ԽС
ؿɲŤ˺ӰĲӣ俪ͷǣġ֮࣬úŽ˶·ɻա
һ̣֤ѪɱŻعϽȥȲ֪Ƿ񻹻ŵİ˶
Ѫģȴһ
ֻǣЩ˿ĸӴĿĵǰ˶ǱʲôֳϵľѪһ㡭ͻȻ˥ϡª
ҪȥҽԺΣȫԱȴֵ绰ûźţԭ·ߡҲȥˡ
ǡǱʲôصסˡ
Ψֱ¿
л˵


29 
Ȼ, СϻӣԼǡݡȴӥĴ, ǵؿԳ˽ܹ׽ꡢɽӡ¹ȶ
ǵֺϳʨֳִĽצΪڲϴʱǻצӽ֫, Ե, ٽʣಿִص޵ĵط
ϵͳСԬζؿһΪ硷ĽĿ
Ҳòųһֻ׽ĳ
ڲ鷿ĻʿҲƳ˵ҰﲶʳĳǲʺϿѪȡҵĻġ
ֲͷƲϵŮ, ݡĲŰС̵Ļû˿ݣƽգûգ, Ǽһ㡣
ûбŵ黹ͦ
ʿСвɸпѹλһδδԵ֢ҲƲɥǸ־ǿ֮ˣ
ŲʿСĶˣﶯ˻
ļǿȴҲǿСģʿԼһ
Ҫ̫, Ȼ͹˵Ϣ𣿡
ԻʿȰ˵, ŵص˵ͷ⼯Ͳˡ
߹ֵģǵػʿСҲЦ, Ҷ˵Ĳ˲˵˾Ŀ, ʡ
ŶѾȥĺۣܶʱ, 
Ȼ, ּ˽Ŀ
õС ˵ǡַشͻ¼أûĿ飬ҲûдŻָΪ˶Żˡ 
һڼαĲݴһʼûпȼαкӰʦҲϽ豸룬µĻûĵ
ֻͨҵķӦڳ˵ĽкһǸëȻĳ
ɽ첻ͬ졢տϿһֻ͵ӥֱ˵ĳʵʵӰʦϹصӰǲǿǾĶǵ롣
˵ͼг˿ʼ@Ŀ飬@˶ھôˣ
˽Īڰ˶ϵĶӰӣĴѯʰ˶ǲʲô⵽ˣ
ĶѷӦ죬һʱ䲻ùѪȵĳϷ贫֪ͨ㵱صľҽ
Ϊٷһ˽Ŀọ̈̄豸ȫ¼¼񣬲ҷŹκһ롣
ոǸֵԤ棬󰲺˶⵽ðĹ컭棬Ҳ⵽˾޴ľǲš
רҵԱļ⣬ոյĻȫ̸ûоκκڴ˶ϵĺӰԼ﷢Ĺȫֱֳ¼ơֱá
Թԣִʦˡ
һᾯѿڶȻҲǰһ
ϵϽĿ𣿡
ĳλ쵼ŵĻһԵһֱкͽĿ鱣磬ҲΪ˷ֹĳЩ¼ķ
ͨƬˡԼӰʦĵ绰ȫͨˡǹػźȫ޷硣
Сϱ
ͬʱصľҲϵǸϿȣ֮ȴǡտյ
˶ڸѲ飬˴˻ڿѲӣȴûҵĿκһ˵١
ڶϿֱһ˲䣬Īʧһ
ŵϢ֮ǰټᶨͨΪ֪ļ֯ĹԱҲɶҡˡ
Щı£ֺ͵
ȥݷһ¡ͬ־
쵼ûԥߴ󲿷ֶѾ˵ˣ潻
СʱҴӡҲѻˣǹȥ˼Ұæģʲô̬ȴҶԼ
Ҫپ˼ҵֶôġֻҪԹҡûл˼ǾӦóأɡǹͬ
ͷЩףԲСȴͦε³İ塣
ǰ׼õĶҲһóˡ
ͬϵϽĿһĿҲû޷ȡϵ
˵ֻԣͨѶ豸Թˣûźš
ԱʻŽĿĳһ򲻻ͷزǰȴһСʱ˻ֻӪأȴľԮ
ŶרҵҽͳҽƼʣ˶˵Ҫһغ
£ҽĽֹѪԼصļע룬˶ʱûΣա
ĹԱϧͬߣ̲ס󷽵İ˶Ͷȥֺܿ˻
ϧʵҲǰ˶·˷һõ˶šĿȥĸҲһġ
Ӳ˵Լǰ˶ķ˿ϧð˶ȦرĴڣ̲סҪȥעš
ϧð˶ĳЩΪӦϲġ
һű̺Ӱòİ˶ȻãԼΪʲô̲סעأ
Сϧոտ˶ϵĶû
˼֮ʣһԵͬ´Ķ˽
ţֻӥĵһʱͺµر۾ϧ¶ͬ£ʲôӰ
Էϧţۻ˰ɣ
ͬȴĵغ˵ո˶ˡ˶һֻɫĺ꣡
ǡʲôֵֹĶӥʵİɣôֶأ
ͬ˵Ȧڹڰ˶ĹԣԼĪ˥ϡήҵƤ壬ϧֵסԼΪȶŴ͡
ϧ⣬ͬ³°ɥ˭֪أҲ¾飬ҲڵͲԭǸˣ
ͬµԵżɽ̫Ҳ·ĴңϧҲ㷲ԼİΣ
ܲܣô˾ͱɣ
ɴ̺£˶ĺ˲֪ǧΣȴʼûеõκεĴ𸴡
̻̲ͬʧȥĸױӵĺֱͯҲԼĺ˶ã㶴طˡ
ڴҲֹסض£һĺˡǰɫЩŮϵõԴԴϾİ˶һᵽʲôζþȫޱƣ
ҽһʼڱտҲȥһϢˡ˳ڸָɣûһػһ䡣
ֻҶһˣȷûд󰭺뿪
޴Щһֱ޵İ⡢ڵ׷еİ˶ޱܣֻӥΪʲôͻȻϮҲΪʲôͻȻûϢ
ֱãԼܾúܾûм裬ǰԼ˵
˾Ҫ̤̤ʵʵģҲҪơǸõõĲҪȥǿ󣬷ֻḶĴۡ
ոһҲûд˶ϷĽڶһߣʮΨһɶ
ŶǽֻаСʱ·̣ȫڶе㣬ôСʱȥˣûκһ˾ûҵǡ
ѵĴÿѧ޷͵Ķ
ҲһʼΪһжǽĿĸĹźǣͨˡ
һصԭأȷϽĿûƭǡ
˵С
һͷʲôûСԵ˿ĭоЩɣ񻹴ź
ԼûҪɹҲطĳų
Ťͷȴûע⵽Ҳ˵ɫӰӣĵĶҡʼֳ״
ˣ
һֱûзѰҶɼְŪŸ豸λĻָҿαϵܣƽȫ֡
ǣʹشԼֻϵֱҳ棬ط֣Ȼվֱˣ
ֱźŵһ̣ʱ̹ע϶̬ҲˣѸĿĿǰ¼˺ŵIPַڡжֱǰǸϿȡ
Ѿеؾפûˡ
˵ֻ޷շźţΨҶɵֱֻܹʲôˡ
ֱϲͣѯǣŶӵ˼ؿҪ˳ϽشǾԭأ
һߣϼͬĵطžѰʧŶӡһģһĻȻͬˣȴ˭Ҳ˴ˡ
ϹǵķλαԼеĹԱ˸ı֮Сѹ֣ѹֶûǡ
ھĶѵǵʱѷ֮
ΪʲôǻֱܿƲס˳ڽ顣
λαҲǰΪʲôʱľܾĿҪڱ˵ʲôˣܻ춼֪
ҲǰѽĿܳȥˡ
ҶɺȻȫ˿ʾûڿЦʮġ
ҪȻΪʲôʲôźŶûУƫƫֱܹ
ҶɨһλαϸԼŶӵÿˡ
ҲʲôڵֱԿɡ
̫ˣ⵵Ŀ̫ˣٹھҲҶ˵е׷ױʾǼȥ
ڻҪһαˣȡǵĿģ
֮ǰһֱ̺Լİ˶ͻȻΪƽʱҪͳ˲٣ȴֺֻɳƣɫȫôֲˡ
вٷ˿ڹеѯôˣȴҲкܶͻȻǵ֮ǰ鲻֪ôڡ
˶ԡ֮ǰǸδشڿԶŹһȷĴ𣿡
ҲΪ˲õ飬𣿡
Ҷɰìͷָϣ˶ûУǶԸģǽѣ
ҶɿŰԼʵʵİ˶ͻȻʡ
ܶ˶ϳһľƣ۲μκλժ£˵滹ֻ
˶һʲô
Ҷɣ˶ðһֵֻĺӰǡһֻꣿ
˵˵˵ʲôǶۻ˰ɣǳֻþˣ
˶һӦɻǵϣȴ˵ɫԴ˸Ҳٶ˵̺ӰԼסˡ
ԭиķ˿ڿͬͷڹһż񣬺Ȼ;һ񡭡Լôϲôһأ
ҶɿŵĻϽɢȥķ˿Ҳٿװİ˶
ԴӰ˶ϮϾûǹΪ˵ֳԭ԰˶кøеĹԱҲȻ̬ȡ
ڡ˼ڽĿҲһûвʲôܰɣ
ҶɽĿͶλα
˶˵ͷһֱǣõҲЩס󣬻˼˿ڡ
ҵϵǣȻ֪ĸ࣬ҾͽϸһЩ
žͷԼĴǰ
˼һݸŮаְһܵܡ
ĸ׶ûʲô˾Ĺż㹤׬ǮججǾϡ
ûϹʲôȤ࣬ѧѶǷѧУѧУʦΧھӡίᶼܺãǸְңѧ
˼Сѧʱϵı鵭ġ
ܺܶ˶֪˳ûʲôһȴ̫˽ԭͥ
ٴһ㣬Լ׬ѧˡ͵Աϴ빤ҶһЩ̫õˣҲͬ˳Ц
ЩкӻҴ򹤵ĵطҽܸףѧУͬѧ͵͵˺ҵҵ˻ҵĿֵֹĶңָָ㡣
Ҷǡ
˼ƽǶѰӾҲòˡ
Ҳıô۸ŵģ̫Ҳᱨʦᵱǳһ֣˾֪Ҳ۸ˡ
˿ҳúÿҪҪȥģءȺݣҾС
˼žͷЦЦ˭ûأһ·ȷʵͦԼġ˺üȺݷܹССʮˣܶϷݣٽɫṤиعôꡣ
ҶʳĹϹЩֹ١͹˾ϡͶԱ̸ȴţҲϿҵ˴𸴡
ȷʵǰܰԶΪϾÿҪʣ󲿷ֳֵĶǲҶԵġҲȷЩ˹ϵһ㣬ǻҪװýõӣЩҲȦ˰ɡ
Ȼգգ۹ƤһȦȥģ벻Ҫ׷ʣĶҵĹ
͹˾йСìܣҵļˡ˷ǳ飬ҵĶ⡣Ҵûۡ
ЩǼٵģû̸κó֤ݣҶֱ˳Ȧ
˼󲿷˶˵ָ̫ĻȷǸŬ־Ůǡ
˼˵ֳ꣬Ҳûκι鷢ɺúõԭء
˵ûʲô⣿
Ҷɿʣλαʽۣڣһλ˵˵
۱ͺܿظ˽ƽѧУͬԼ˽¡£ȻҪԼ鵱ȫڵ˵һٸˬ
ҵĴǰûʲô˵ģͨͥûʲô۸顣Ψһ˵ľǴСѧϰͻ㲻˳鵽ʿȻ󱻽ѧƸóΪʦ
Բ̸ҶȴûֱӷŹƽʱʲô𣿡
ۣ顣
Ҷɼʣƽʱĩһڼ￴飬ҲȥҲ罻𣿡
俴һۣԵġ
Ȼ˷ʡ
֮ǰ˵ˣڽʮˣô㣬ǵ𣿡
ѧУѧ˵飿
ôûӣû
ҶɶÿαĻ״ȻҲ֪ģϢ϶дֻȱ֪ĸЩʳڡ
ΪαϢдŽɥż
ڲҲϾӸ˶޴ޱȵñӣΪĻˡ
ͻȻһĻı˶ˡ
ھȻĹ
Ȼ۾ԼĲеʹǱʲôҧһƵġͷҲʼЩԽء
˭ûʲôӦɹغͷԺжʲôսĿ䵱þߵġ
ǩյĺԼûǷҵĸ˽
ͷоҲʼʲôﴵ磬ϸϸܵСӣĴ
ͷ⣬ǺȻ涼һʱҲĵ˰̫ɽˡ
ͷｭڲ֪ΪʲôԽԽͣǱʲôһ㣬ѹ̧ͷ
˵Ǿ仰뿪ͷȴΪͷƤӡ󱳵ȵزϷ
뿪ͷҪ˿ӣճ󡣿ǹԽ޷ܡ
ǲʲôʲôҧˣʲô
ǿһԵĹԱҧгݵطͺ𣺡ҽأҽҹ
죬ȴڴ˿̱øˣҲٶȽ͡
ʱ̹עֱľѾõλαȫϡҲΪǵصע
һǰ۵ӺѾۻ;бɱһֱӡ
һֱûз׷飬;ҲɹǷɣ֤Ƿ޸ƣûʱͶҲûκεֱ֤֤ɱй
˿̣³ʵʵ⣬ȴʲôʱܹ˯ѣһ档


30 
˵ȴ֮ʱ, ȴû˯ںСԬϵͳ˾ĵʮеġΡ
һֽϷϰ¹ͬСÿ˿ȡһƣͬ, ͨͬƸҲ˵ƣȡơ
ƱклҿùʹƲԼƵԡ, ֱӵ˵ơ
˿, λߵƣȴϵͳơ
ϵͳ͵͵ԼĴôӮĸʸߣҲף
òף˼Ž, ȴ˳ƴһżõĿƣһЦ
Ҫˡ
ϵͳôŬ, ⲻѧ
ȹٷյз¼ٴηѾмαƳ֡ӦϢҽԺ˿ꡣ
ĳСؽϢϱ˴˴λߵˣܲûʿСȥһûˣûڣ³̧ʾ˵
ղ۵ﶼܵ߼ȴֻܸɰͰʹҽԺȣȴˡ׿ϡܼһ档쵼ЩŤԷͺŮ, ԼǰԴ˾Ǹƭӡ
ǰӳֱ쵼
˰˺, ӦѾˡҽȥٳ֪ͨǡ
֮ʱ, ʿȻ˽, һǡʱĺϢ
, Ǽˡ
ԲǸո˯״̬ŮڲϿǣ³žֳ, á
ӳ쵼ҪܣԷֱӽǵݣһʱ侹Щˡ
ҪǣƵƬ￴ĻҪ˼ԡǴδ۾峺տαŭˡӣеֻޱߵƽȻ
һۣԼ걻̯̫£еľȫ۳ϸСԿһֽϣ۵ס
ֱ³ºѯʣСô
ļ˲̴Դµĸолָ
ǰ̽͵ʵǵˡ
³ûЩ滰żɽһڱ֣˼Ҫλá
ϵϣܵõ⣬κεľǼ򵥡ģ޷һİģҪ˸𡣡
ߵɳϣͰؿ
ϵһλҽ״һ𣿡
λѾ겻ɽоθصļ漸˵ҽѧܵСǷ˺ܴ󹦷뵽ԷԸϼҸϻ׶רŵһʱ䡣
⣬˵ʱһֱĴѰҩĺ͹伮
³ȻЦЦʮѰ˵ù˳һθܵζĻ
Ǹ˵޵ģʲôҪֱӺǿӣֻҪϴڹǶᾡΪ
ǰˣ֪˵ʵ֪֪Լϴ跥ǵҩˡ
ϻȡʲô
Ů䵭Ļ³˵Է̬ȡ˼ֻͬ潻̸̸ֻס
׼̬ȺٴϣͬŮΣʵжöԷܵеĹػ밮
˵ͨһ˿ģֻϣδܹͬЯӰá
תرǲôļҲȷһ˽ġ
¹⵵յĴԭѾ¡زŻйעϵۣκβԾͷʱҲרҵļרҶԽĿĳЩȫۿݽиԤ
Ŀǰ͵һͨ´۾顣
ǰãһ͵ʵҲǹٷȥġ
ǿ͸ǵ뷨ĳЩҪΪһ㱣ϣܿעȻóһǰ
ǾԺ˵ɡ
޹ߺܿӣһսعƽ
Ȼĳ뷨мλ쵼˳ƺһʼĵȴʱɿڣźĽ̸һжŮ֮С
ȫ֣Ľ˶Իÿϸڡ
³仰˼һǡأ
ǣͦλֱĹڣȻָһһܡ
ߴϡٵġ
ܺ߶ʩ߽УƽҲͨõķ򡣡
ԼʲôӣѸٷܣߣڷĴԵĽٹ˲ʲôץԼ塣
û£Ƥ㲼ͨץֱۣѪҺɼԼ˺֡
ĻⲻѰķӦȥҲ巢Ψвܺ˵ҽסǰ鿴
ҶҲ̴ӽĿ׼ҽưó˷ȥôˡ
ûҺжʲô
ֻм򵥵ϹߺҰⳣҩҽĲ֢Ҳ޲ߡ
ңǽۿмȾҲûӡ񻯵ôѸ٣

۳ʹغһоԼǱ˴Ӻݺһ£ʲôȵĶǴԴϻʳ
ֵǣʹԺûôˣոյһз·ĻþһѸȥ
ڲžԼƤͷƤ۵ĽҽӸ
õӿűԼץѪ۵壬濴ԼԺûѪȴһĺۡ
ɵؿߵˣѵ˭ո͵͵
ԴλЩϤǸֱۣʲô͵һ䡣
轵ۿûóȥ˶ó˳ϵ¶Ӫ豸ͱů²ͦ󣬷ҲԽԽ
ķ磬ԶŮҲҵؿһ㣬˶һļƤ񣬸ϽԼϵõͬ¼һ׳ͬʱҲȡ˴ϵġ
û˸ȥųİ˶뽭ۣǶ˵˾ʲô鶼ûз˼ŮԹԱӦȻҪҹŮһ˯һ
ĿҲʱصӰҹûϢһ¡
û˹ڣҲйԱѯʽۣڣдɥż̫̫
ڰУ沿ؿǸʵŮֱӽԷһ
ǹԱŽڣĪǰ˵˺ͰĽںܲһƽϣĳŨѹţҹɫ֮вۻܿᵽＴٽ㡣
ԼֻжʮŮȻؾþ㤺ͺ¡
ȥ䲻ػһ䡣
Աʣ˸ҡ
ҶɣڰӦҲɡ
۵ĺԽأǿѹԼĪҪʧصȴ׻ûȫס
˺ģǸǡһѣڻһֱӡ
û뵽ҳôһ̵ֳ࣬ĬһҶɵ
ʲô޾ȻöԷɱˣҲ̫ˡƣǻԹǡ
ֱؿҶɣ͸ʲôһ㣬Ļ
ҲǺޣǰأ
ĪĻŹΥ͸У˶ˣŽӲʹؽ͡
ֱڣҲû쾿ʲôǲܵģԹӦҲǣ˵ǸҲǰòҪ
ͻЩǿҲ˵ȫ⡣
ʱ۾վס󿴣󺰵˭
Ҷһ±ƣʲôûСȻɫѾˣôտϿûʲôһ᲻֪
ôôɹģ񡭡ʲôҪƵġ
֪ڱǡĽʵʵĶеޱյ˸֪
ֵȷûˣҲûʲô
ڣҪȻƽ̨˵һ˵Ǹֳʲôʲôôѣ˵ܰǸӷץס
Ҷɡûɫضȿڣ۵·Ҳһס
һҲ뾡ץסǸ֣ӦеĴ۰ɣЩӣ˵ζǸ˵òһҲ
ȻǵãǸ˴СľĵҹǰƱĵģÿһÿһ綼ǵ
Ǹĵ˴ǰ׷ӣȻԼҪϹջ״һࡢӶ˲֪ܣˮļŮˣ
뵽еĺӿͷֻ½ԹŮʬζͷ֮ޣҲֳ֮˼Ťı顣
κ˽йص飬Ҷϣ˻ָָ㣬ֲ²
ǵģԸй¶̫ϢҲ뽫ԼͷͷñӴ˾֪µĴݻ١
ѣѣ
һŮǾһڽ۶һ˶
û֮ǰֱӺ˭ǣΪѾǸϤزϤ˭
ѵĻɹ
зɿη塢𾪡ȵֺܿ챻еı塢˽ռϷ硣
ѵ㲻𣡡
ֻǡ̫˰
ȫȻìܡ仰𣬽ľԼ޹Ϊ̫ӣ̫ʧˡ
Ϊ˲ܵԼʲô취أ
αԼ⣬ȷ˭ڵ֮󷴵̹Ȼˣܵ˾ΥĿ⡣
ԭӱ˹Ρ
ԶԼԶֻܹԹ˹ĹҲû֪
ƫִ˸ýںĲûйǲŮǷܵ˳ͷĿ֮¡
ıϣѪģŮҲҪѪᡢõ˿̶˺޲⣬Ѫ裬ҲһԼʹ
ƫƫôãȴĵĽ۷ֺҹҹ˯ű˵İοһ˵ı飬ֻк޵ĹҲܵ˶ģ
ʱܹնôϣⱲӶҪ飬Ҫˣ
˭벻ʱ򣬹Ĵѧڣѿѵһĺ˾ǼСɵƫִ˸
ĵĿǿĵΪŮ˾ҪƿأӾͱɷΪ㡾޵£
һʼϣڼȫְ̫̫Զż罻ֲʾӦöע飬Ҫųȥ档͡ѹָһ㲻ӣչΪ˽ֹڼʲôż˭˵ʲôȫҪ۱
һʼ˵ɷȷǷǳءͳĸԣԼҲӦʵı䡣
棬ͬǸ߼֪ʶӵʶȥУȴɷʹĿѧУѹ̫ˣܶ಻԰ͬ¡ѧеʹģ̫ˣߡ
ոԼٸᣬðлû뵽ȴǶԷûٸᡭ
ͬѧרҵѧҵǰĹϵҲܺáϵϣδٽ޹ϵĵİȫС
ȻɷġȫСû䱾
ķ޹ϵҲ𲽶ʧԼȫеĺھ뿪ҳȥ侲һʱ䣬˼λǷҪ
Ķ֮ǰȰ˵ҪͼԼΪۡȡ˵ͬѧ
ȻӲͬѧҲɱ֫ʬС
ûǣֻǿҺĺͼɱۣȴ޷ʵ˺ֱ졣
ƾִһֱڽߵĺպȻԼˣݺɷ˺ҧΪһЧˡ
ɱ
³Ѿ뿪ȻոճƣϸὫԭ泯µƷ˹
ϺȻֳ޴ĸ棬»עһֽƹܽܡ
ǿʲôĻ΢΢̾һᴥֽϵĻ
ͬʱͫҲѸȼһ棬ҡҷĺɫ⣬űŭ۾ĲȫȻƽԵޱȹѡ
ȻֽƾȻȼܿͱȵĻճ˻ҽ
ȥɣܡ顣
ڣħԵĽϡ
ܺҪСƲãǱһ֮ҲһƵʩݶԵ֮ʱʩ߻õεȵĽ
Īж񣬳ܹеԼµĶķɡ
Ϊû緽ʽҶɵ׼ֱйزšýûҵǵİ취ƼǿĹڴӿ˽Ǹص@С΢ת˹ϣ
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ȴɰѲŵòᣡ
û뵽˾ȻϽĿڿſȫʵеɷҿҪˣǸħ
û뵽ҵתȻҲĿˡҸطҵĸоʣҲԽǿ󣡡
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⿴ɴĿĵĻĿ˻ûüӦͿۺȻع˵ϡ
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Ŀ֮, һսĿУô벻ġˡС
ֱڵһӰӳױ, һ˴ŵǰȥôˡ
Ͼ֮ǰ˶ֲͬ飬ˣɵǱס, ӦҲǲɣ
Ӱʦǰƽ, ϵȴûа㷴Ӧ
ɫҿѪѪҺ˵, ؿҲûĺһӣ˲Ŵˣ
Ŀҽٴǰ, ȥ̽ӵ¶ȣһƨɶŵ˵ϣֵ
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ˣ
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ҹġɱôҵױ
֪۴ʳ֪ǱԼɱĹ, ͨȴǱⲻ˸е, ԼΪӰЩǣ, ޹ڻҡ
ҶҲסˡ
ʼ, Ҳ̲סеԹ, ԹԼôô, ׼սڲŲһ㳹סزۡºֱҲѲԭģ
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Ҷɳ˽ĿԭҪͶ̷׷ζһαǳʵĿ
ϲϣȴѾҪ⵵ĿһգЩˣǵȫ£
ܣصһϵǸ΢ĹˣȴҲڲ֪ĳָ߸ϵĮӵؿȺα˿ǵĽ
ֱˣֺ˱ɹɱˡ
Ǳһˮͷβ˸͸ҶɲȻԼǸͨͨƬˣְ
ǶӦãԼҲǸ׹Ǹˡ
⡭ѹԸ
ҶԽԽú£Ǹɢƽ͵ˣмּ˵
˲űļ㡢۵ǸһֱһԵõġСҲûȱѺֵܡ
Ϊ¶ͱĳƢ˵
ˣΪ˼вġ͡ҵüŵһ ﱸһգһߵ˰æ
ôͻȻأôִ⵵Ŀµùϡ֪αܻ»㣬ǿӲҪֲα˵ϣ
òᣬҲʲôӰ˰ɣҶɴ˸ԽԽô͸Ź졣
ȻԺѹʲô
ʲôţ
ҶûէһͷպƼվԼ̣Ϊլҵ屾ͲǺܺãҲû̫ᾭŵþĺöСﶼҪס
ֱ㷲ֵһСʱȷʱȫӦòʲôͻȻ˺ңС˵
Ǹòᣬĳȥ˰ɡ
ǽӵԩǴѱǲҲӦȺ˳ȥˣ
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ͻȻ˵񶼿ͬһˣ˳Ĭ
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Щֻʣ¼˰ɣ
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ȷֻʣ¼ˡ
ٽ̵ݣͬ˵ﶼ˲ͬ汾Ĺ£ľΪոϡ޴ԶŴдֵǲΪʲôԾ
ܹ⵵ĿͬӰۡСһΪαȻҲǸ֮ĿвٹԱഺڿд顣
ѾΪȫְʮ꣬дüʮС˵ȷƵǴ
Щ꣬Ȼһֱд飬ȴѾ򲻹ͬ͵ļˡڱȲϣȶȡгֵҲˣѾֳ˹ζ
Ϊ磬ڹҰ󣬼ͬվϵַǳؽǢĿ飬ҶʶսĿѡΪα֮һ
ǣʦܲܡ
֮ǰھαϢֱƬҶͻȻһĬãݾվǸˡ
̻ûǻѾܾûдڸеİ˶ȻЦڵϿԵΪˡ
ǲҲȺ˽˰ˣʱⱨӦˣ
˶⵵ĿеˣǶǻ֤ھİףҪȻԭǸվȦˣ˰Ľ׷ĶżӵһС
˵ǾȻҪֱ۲İ˶֮ʣԼû⣬϶˽Ŀ˶ǰף
Ϊ߳ȥѾһˣǻҪżαǰüαǵ
޳ܰ
Ǿӻľϣ֨֨ʮЩ©硣
ڳˣ˶ԼҲ˴﷢ǰ˳̵ĴɤȻͬ
ǰΪԼʧѪ࣬û˵ûʵԵע⵽仯˵һסˣƴҪָǰɤ
ȴֻǴӾľȱ˽һ
˶иޣڳ˰Ͳý۵Ĺʱֱӱĳɱǣ
ָĻڳ˶˳Ĭ顢εԼǲ˵
һȺ˽̱ᣬȺѹαӡ
ĹƨԼµʱôûˣ⵽˵Ҫ°Ⱥ޹ˣ
Ҷһȫͷ໰򰲺˶͵ϵĽۡ
еµ˲Żᱻ°ܣҪȺĿֱӸɱÿɳܡֱֶƱ˴˵ĳ
ҶﻹǵøոԼʲôֻԼ˵Ļ˵ǰʹ졣
Ǿ͵ʥĸıǲţǲƨɡʺǰɣǾͨͨҵϵ裬û񣡡
㵱˭
Խ˵ƤԽֱǹһ㣡ֱӰһԶΪҶƬǸƢãֺ˵쵼ĹԱסˡ
ҶƬˡȻô͵һ档
ôھͿֱô죿㲻ҲͿǺ˵Ÿôǣôȥֻĵȥˣôվӿ˭ף
˻㺦Լ
Ҷһ꣬ԼҲˡ
ҵ˼άôݣ
ѵĵɫҶʱıԽԽˣѲҲʲô
ֺܿҡҡͷ˭ףΨҶɲܡ
ոջƸǣ֣վڵ¸ߵصİ˶ôһͨҲˡ
Ǹῴ²˵˻
Ӳμ⵵Ŀʼһֱ˵ɫؿȥʵ顣
£ֻӲͷƤˡ
뵽˵ʲôû˼̰οԼʵҲûʲôر𻵵顣
ӦãҲ°ɣ
ǾͿֱɡ
ǿװ򶨵ͦţĳ˸ı֤Ĭһµģ˭ġ
ͷ˵ԼľԼдĹе·̣Ҳȷûзʲô顣
ͷۿɼ״̬Խˡ
ھͷһеҶɾԼԽԽܣ첲ᣬ֫ǰӰ
ϣйڼǵֱǰƺ̫ԾĽۣͷûӰ̲סôˡ
ǸдܺУ̷ʲôʵЩˣѲİۣԼӺ޹ˣ
ǡһģһĴڻ𣿣
ҶûоٹܼαҲɫѿض̸ܶǵעתˡ
һα˵꣬ԭأûҵȥĵʮĿ鹤Ա˳׵ľ֮С
ĳȥˡ
ͬʱҲмӰʦҶʹࡢͷı顣
ǵҲûô⡣ڣ˭еʹ࣬أ
ھʧüСʱ󣬽Ŀյһ޴ĺϢͬһ⳹ģ
ֱ̨ͨϵˣ
ͭϿһƬ򶼱ʱκο͡ؾ롣
ٷɳĹӦȻԴҽƵȲžоʡ۵ڽ֯Ҳ˹
ָ߾Ŀ⡢豸ϡŹֵ̡䡢ַ
ָԱǰ̽³ͨƵԶ̲ôҵϿڵܣȺȫȳ
ֽɻϸֳ
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˿̣³ڷɻϿͭϿ⵵ĿȫԱϣϵͳдСҲ˳ǰ
طȫϣȻһЩ뷨еĸǸ̾
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˿ڹթƭڡɱ˰¼¼ԴͷԶڱìܡ
¾ɰ飬ϵݹǵذ
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ΪЩ췢飬ֹһЩ¼δܹÿѧ𣿡
˵ѯʣ˳Ҳûз٣һĶõؿ
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ĿǰѾ۲⵽˴Ԫ֮ӹ˼άҲãҲãһĿǰδֵ
Ҳò˶ãָܷܹӰֹ˶أҵеĹɣܡģ˶
ҲԶһ졣
˳Ī޵ţһγ˺ҲĿֽȻͬĴڡ
ĳȣֺܿ۽Լоϡ
ܿ죬ɻ䡣
֤Ⱥڵȫǵһԭ򣡱뾡콫ǽȳ
˿λ쵼ݰ٣ƼƽٻͬһϵĵλԱٽĳЩȻЩ뷨
Դĳ̬ȣʼˡ
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ⲻѾֹܱͨˣ߳ȥԶ
ڣǴһֻ߶Խָ롭³һ·ϵĳȫǡٳԿû߳ȥķ
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רҵʿָӣҺܿ³߳Ƭֵأٲ֮ǰɥǰȫ
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ˣԽԽߣҽҩûôЧ
ҶɾήңƤסڴܣиͣȰ˯˯ɡ
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ڰУ̲֪ʲôʱߣҶҲûз
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ҶۣǾҪ˻ˡ
ԶļαȻԽԽù
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̵ĸԺ֮ǰεֱܹԼʲô̺ӡңոҶɷԼϵ̺ȫõģ
Щʲô
ΪʲôӴαԼԽԽù
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ϱԼͬͬͬĿ˻Ȥ£˵עҪ
ԣûпԼ϶ʲôֽţһֱţֱһ̣
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32 
Զ㣡׼
Ҷþȫ̺ȥ, ҲͨС˵ѡ
̸û⣬Աָɳȥĺܶ๤ԱҲһһѵضõ, һʱû˹ע
ޱܣԸӽ޷˼ҶȴǸܵһëȻĸоǿҵ̷ֱǳΣգԲ׵Լ
Σ֮, ƫƫû, ֻܿԼĻͼ˶Է
Ͳ˻̾ͻ⵽Ӧͷ
˶ͽ۵ǰ֮ʲô³û𣡡
в, £ﷴһ˿, ͳЦˡ
Ȼ˵³һʼҲΪĵطرǿҵѭµ˶⵽㡣
ֱŵ˵꾭εġֱҶɵ״̬ԽԽԼԸܵҶϵڲϼ١Լ
̲ŻȻطֻŨأܹĳЩֵõӳɡͬԭҪһʱܳɵĻҲءı¡ɹ
Ǹˣԭֻ뱳, ʽɡ
ѵõġ, ⵵Ŀмαˡ, ȥټĿ΢΢̵ҹζ, һٷʲô, лҶ֡
ֻðһð, ¶Լˣ
ҲҪɹˣ
ϵķĵҶϣ˲оĳɡáע壬ΪдְҵʹһȫʧǸо˶òһ̬˲٣
Ҷɵ˫Ҳһ̱ľȻɫ׻Ұ
ģķģ
ʱҽǾְعҶɵЩûҩûãȴȫȻ֪Լʲô
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ڴԼʲôѽ
Ͽ⣬³̵ĵɫأ˵пܽӴʲôаʿ߷Ķ
žֳһ˿ôֵֹ飡ֻӼǰķ̨ɽ˰ַ
û˺ӳϼ쵼žֳҲˡ
ڲûзѧ¼ÿѧ͵ķڽ̾֯ᡢƽᣬ˹ڽ̿չȻҲҪǵ˴򽻵ġ
бµʿٷڲҲ˺š
ڵѧʵʽ΢νĸ˺Ĺż¼䴫˵ͨԤδֶεġɡ˵һһء
桢ˮռǣܲɶ˾ĴУȴʧȥ˾ԲʵӦõΪ鼮ĻŲļֵ
ʮ꣬ȫƼѸͷչƵء˻硢ѧܵĹϵں̶ܴϽЩѧʿá
һֿƼоٷҲûо˼Ⱥϣֱճ
ѵ˵ЩΪǡ񻯡ĳɫʵ˶ʵڹģ
̨ɽѦͨüͷ³˷ĸ롣
ȧǹߣӡƣɽ͡ж̣ǼΪ͵ļǿࡣ
ѦͨǸǱ֮ˣ飬ʲôԡգһõ⼸˵ϣ̲
λʩȷխ׶ƶ֮ˡ
ԱߵķҲԼҽɵĽǶȱʾͬ
ӳǣʱ³δдȫݣѾһʱ֪ͨȺڼͻǰͭسǣƴʳޡҽȡ
ϣǵͬ־ҵһԳ̵Сѧͬѧˣ˵̶ԳɼãҾãܵʦͬѧŴͬѧûʲôɫĺǿ
飬˵ȷСѧͬѧԸ򣬻Щ죬δСٱ༶ͬѧԵʮһ㡣
ӳ˵̲סһˣһûеֳȴԤ⼸췢ȫ¼ˡ£óרҸոմݹĶ̿չ˸档
רоƷճͶߵһЩ罻˺ŵķԡ
ڽĿı֣Ҷı󡣡
ով͹עҶɺ̳ͬһϢѧʿüͷƷչԽŹˡ
ӳҲһʱֱھ˵ҶɵùĻ̾Ҷʲô˵Ѿʲô
ͬһʲôϵ𣿡
ֳпй߶ڽʿĽ֮֮Աǡǿÿ춼˳Ѳɶ޿ѧݡΨѧϸ㻨
ǴҲѧϰˣҲͱѧֶˡ
ֻҪͬһӦҪһ֧֡ڣĸɺĸ֧˸ֳ֣֡
˲ô򵥵ģ췽ҹ̷
̨ѦͨԼĺӣ²Լˣ
Ҳû취ΪʲôƵ̺Ҷ˵ǵƬ˸ı䣬Է£ƣ
ţϵЦؼһšȻֻҶϽˣԷ塢õϵҪĸ
ƾʲôƾʲôָȨŽףһԵҲͨһӶܲ¶
֪ж༵ʰ
ʣ
һӼʹˡ
Сʱᡢ֣ռݰ༶ǰͬѧ
еʱΪȫѧƵϣܿλѡĿƣⲻЩ츳Щ˸ôѧҲܽѧĿ
ѧ̺ȻʲˡЩ׵ļҾĴԡ׿ԽĲܡõ罻վڽ˵˽ױȳƽĲƽĳСѼ
ѧϰѡس֣Ȳ˼ҵֱԱˡ
ΪŽеĿƣʼдС˵ϲдһЩпֲɫʵС˵С˵ϵۣÿһɫ˵ˣȫ֪ȫܡ
̵ϣϵС˵Ȼõ˴Ķߣ˳̣Լĵһ飬Ҳ׬ĵһͰ
ʱС˵гľԶûôңվͳ̵Ĺͬƶһڶ죡
ٿЩʹˣ̾òˣδ׬Щ˸ǮӵиߵĵλΪĶң
ɴܿˡ
ǰ漸Ʒܹ֮ߺ죬һ鹦ԼŬһռʱ˺͡
֪վͳƷ׬ĹģԼֻõˡ΢ĸꡣԽԽ˽һҵšӿ̵֣̬ʧˡ
ʮŬԼȫľдϣʾ֭ռزġ˼ʵľ飬ҵҵ֡Ч΢
˵ΪθڴˣֻõλáߵİȨѣĳɼҲΪ
˵һڶ죬˵ĳб߱ʱУÿ鶼ᱻӪۣٿ˲۵Լдˡ
ǹдͽվܺͳ̣ĻĶȥߣСֵԺϡͲһ֮ˣƵõһЩͬʱҲʧȥ˺ܶࡣ
磬ϲˡ
һξƻУʶҶɡ
ƼûĲۡҲرûӣ˼Ҽ˽¶ָָԶҶɣ˸Ĵָ
ڳûбġ˼͵ĹϵãҲĶԵÿ
˵ģ⣬˵Ҷ¸5գȤԴһȥ档
¸5ţǲǺͬһ
̲˶ԷͣȻͬ꣡
̿ΧһȺˣ͸һ⡢ѵҶɣһͬ˲ͬ
ۣпԽ˻𣿡
ϵͳ͵͵üĳйߵĵԣԶ̹ۿٷж̲סҲЩЩƺΪʲôأ
ȻˣػνĻ֮˵
ոϲѯϣ˵ֻҪ֪˶Է֣õԷͷƷ𡭡Ϳ԰˵˳׶Ե
ƳϵͳʵʱתЩ˳ְͨ취ҪҵȺӰˣٷΪʲôԼ
κһҶᡢҲܽһ˵ϡ
ԭԼһ׻лƣһʱġҪҲ𲽻۾飬ĥרҵŶӣܽһ°취ֻѡֱڸˡ
ǶԹҡᡢ񣬰Լõѡ
ңҲûôѽ
ˡǽȻͬ顣

˲ϡ棬ˮ֡Լ˵˵صľ
磬СϵسʯͷľɵϰףҪСȥݡסƷѧҲ֪ס
ʱŮ޿Բ棬ȴҪһ˵ࡢ֣ǷϡνԵ˰ֲҪ֣֮ҪлзԵ֣ڼˡˡ˰ﵽ˴ˣӹϡ
Ϊһ壬ԭͬߵһ˴Ӱ죬ʵҲصĽ˵һ֡
üеķˮȻñӡƷнѡЩԹڲͬʽĽˡ
ȻҲֱӴӱȡ˹Լõġ
ۼЩĽˣǸѶȵĻʱ˺ȱһɡ±֮٣״վ̵Ӯʱ
ʲôѵ¶һ˿ԵӶֺܿɵļ˫ĿƵ˸ȣ͸յķ俴˻ĳӡ
Ǿı¡ͨ챦Ͷ롢궼ѰĻǲܳɹġ
ǹϵѪסˣ˭Ը⸶Ĵ˻
ĮǿЦġ롱һΡ
ʱԽԽãԽǣٷҲƵȥҪѸ׽
˵صŨȼأټȺкüλ඼ܹ죬Я֮Ӱ֮³
ڳλͨͬϵķͬɢԶʦо˵ҹ۵ʦֵҲͨǵطлȷԸ
Ӧҳ
ͬ³۳ĵһַӣʵܲܳɹóɹҲ˵
ְ취ͨյаֳ֮ӰٳԴơ
ŵڶַ³ϡ
᲻˺ˣ
õԷƬ̳ĬȻҲˡûٶԥ³ִзһ¡
ȷϷһ⣬ٿǷĿʵʩԡУҲֻȥһͶԶ⵵ĿӦֹͣ߻˵λ
ɫԽİѹѹط·ϾҪѹһ㡣һ˲䣬һ׹ҹɫеϿȣһ룡ţһһɫıӺݺݳŵĻо춯ص
˶ͻȻŪһҪˣǡ
ոձҽ֪ͨڵİϸ䡣ûмɢԭѾɢλİϸҲɱĿǰȫõҽѧרǶڶо˳˵ڲõĽͿȬԺ
ܻΪһ漣
ҽ̾ضǰŮ˵
ܿϧ˿ڳΪҽѧʷϵĴƺû̫Ȥ
һֵԴϧͱǸطҽһۡ
΢΢̾˿ҪʱЩҽǵˡʹֻǿһǸ෴˾Υ£ҲĳֿܣʵЩԾԾԡ
˵ʱʱ죡׵ͻȻϿȵһϣֱӽǼӲʯֱըƬ
ĵشȥ
صľͻȻֹ׷ϿЦλڴ˶ɽ𣿡
ٷĶ鿴ǰĽӦƵĺı棬Խţ׵粻̫Ծ
̿ǴܹһаϿȵ׵磬Ī顣
˵ֻ֮ǳᱻ֣Ӧþɣ
ңҶɵѾˣҪͷͳͷҶϰ!
ոջӵ뵽㲻۷Ź⣬ʼүү̵رҶֱӱͳװȫ˻ҲԶ֪
׵һ㣬ҪŻԲѵҶɾҪͷ£
ʥҽԺĳ̨ҽľԭѾҪָͨ˴ѪɫƤҲһ˲òҰףȫѪҺǶƾճһ㣬ĵͫԽڡ
δҲ̫˰ɣ
ȻܱСƭ
ޱزõ촽ѪѸٱ۾
ԼѡʹŰ


33 
ۿҪҶ, ȴӲھüļĵطȻ͵˷ߵĿյϣ
һˣӲ˻ȥûŪĿࡢʧ䣡
ʲô, һžȻˣ
պÿҶƬƱ׵еĹԱϧ¼гȥҲʱˡ
һĻδ³סһʹӿͷ, ԼΪʲôҪ˳ȥΪʲôҶŲȫĵط
еҶȫȻ֪˵ķӦ, ˿Ҳûһ죬ҲΪ׵, Ѿû
û𾪡˵ȥսҶɣոĪͣЪ˵׵羹
һ, ̱ǰҪ
쳹׷ŭ̼һ͵ըŸǿҵĹضɽҡ
˾ôܻһȻ޹ɵĴأ
Ȼ˵ٴһеĲǺʶҶɣ߳ȷҶǲӹһٵͷϣ
ʲôĸо, ֪ˡ
һȫëֱ, Ȼһɾ޴ػڵ, ȵʹ鲼ȫ˸޷ܡ
˹Աļ;, ȴΪĤѾױ, ʶ˼ҲΪ޷ܵȫʧ, ȫȻ֪ˡ
ĹԱα˼Լȫ᲻ỹǣʱҳ
ΨһֻȷϺǷ񻹺ãܲ˵ش򿪳ų˹ȥ
˹ȥҲ˹׳ŵǰԶԶ鿴̵״
ֻ˫۹ĳȫΪ鲼պִ˰̺۳ֳɫ״֮ҾѷɫڱĽۣ
ҲڿԼĺѣɫ̫ÿ񡭡һã
ʵ§סѣʵҾ֪õĺǲôģ
һƬ֮УȻע⵽ôͻȻ˺ܶˣ
ǿƷˣ
ڳˣ
絽ϣͨⱲӶܵĸָ¼ġõСĿڻˣ
˶Ѿ޵ϡﻩֱⱲӶˣⱲҲҸɻˣϽȥסȻʶ˿ȴޱжߴľ壡
ղţ󿰱̨һĴιϿеϸɰʯ˲˵۾ۡ۾ɿһѵ񣬻м
³վΧ󲿷ʧߵ״̬㲻Ҳ˿
幤ҽǰ鿴ҵ״ỹҪǽһϵİ͸Ԥ
ڵķ˺ˮڱ׼ţϾͿ͹ȻʧĹٷдʱרҵ侯վڡ
ƽҲһʱҪóֻ˱ƽ
¡
Ȼִˣ
˸ղžһĻĹԱȫԹԷֻһֻֻСھ塢ٷԱı¡
ЩҲ̽Ⱥڱס̧ͷ׵硣
̺Ӿܾҽ;쿿İ˶Ūͷһһ̧ͷ㳹ʧȥʶ
׵羶ֱȥ
ֳϰٺһƬžǶ̴ٵֱĿҹ˶֮ҲͣˣջָԭƳɢȥ¶貶ǿգҲ֪ʲôʱðͷ
ȻνѧĿйڿһĻĿĹԱߴߴؽǸովһϵҲ̲ס͡
һ㡢һ㲻̫ѧ
³žֳӳ˿ҽõ̧Ѿȫֹͣ˺ҲֳӲ״̬Ḷ̌ۡԼȵİ˶û˵ֻ޵֣ء
˳ȴڴ˿תͷ෴ķ򣬸ңԶľ뵽ʲôʲôһ㡣
ʥҽԺĪתҶΪǲڰ֢Ʒ½չĲٴζ񻯣רǵɽո˶ֱ˸䲻Ĵ󸩳壡
Ѿʧȥʶٶȣٶȣ
ֱŷ
ޱȽš
Զǧ֮³˳ҲյԭʮȶڽȣҽѾ˲Σ֪ͨϢ
ڣ̷̣
ͬһһƽﶼǲϲɫԸ񣬴˿ȴ䣡
³ɿܵһҵĻд
ȥδдˣһʲôĴ
˻֪ǺεȵˣҪͷһһĽɽֻΪһԤԺָ㡣
϶η˵ǿأ㡣
֪ԵЩĪĲ鷴еĲ²ƶ
ǲԶ޷֢ܰڴĿʹÿԼĿѱֳƽȻǸӾ̸̲ס̾Ϊͨ˵խС
ûκΰ취ԽϵĲʹ
ÿ˵һ仰ÿÿ¶һι/ǷĶҪʲô
ӵпԸı׵Ȼ󣬻˵ص⡭ֱԭҪ
˳뷨䵥ΪʲôҪΪ˸Ҵۣ
Ը񣬹˳侲Ҳ鲢֡Ҳֻʣһ⡪
ôȥܻã
ϵͳºҪΡԡǰСԬϵͳкϴһ޵һѱһᣬֻСèƽ׵ôá
Ҫú˵˵ٸ߸ڱ磬ġͬšôġ
ɫ԰ףҲۿɼ˥һҡҡ׹ΡΡĻ䣬Ὣ䡢飬
СԬ֮ܵıǰ˱ŷκʱǿ󡢾ˣֻ
ϵͳԴϴ֮̽鲻ĸˡȻȷǳܣѾܱĸ̬ȣﵽûôơ
ֱƵǡ治ѱĻҲֻ֪͹ľ
ͣһûҴأ
ѽ
ŷĿȴޱȶĿĹںҹﲻϷŴȴһܱߵС鶼еηңӵЩֱ˺ǡ
ǲԼͬͬһʱŤͷһԭĵطңңǸ
ֵѲ·ıϺüֻСɵ㶵֦ͣѾһƺϲ֪ʲôʱ̽ͷĸСΧǽſһŵĹ·è䣬̲סʹ۾ǺͳһסԺ
㱵Խλͬ£ע⣬ϵزšûʲôֺԤҪġ
ףΪʲôҪ˵֣
һͷȷʵܵĳ߾Ȼݵϵk㱻ƭ˵Ϣ
ôܣ
kһ߲ţһػͷ飡kոյʶãԴ󲿷鶼ǲܵģһЩȻ;ųĶ
Ȼ˵kĸ֪
kݺݵͷˣ˳ַ˱һֻ۵ġСһʰˡ
ǡkĹ˵ֵֹʲôвģѧϰֹ֮֮Ļ
ȻûȫȴkܶԷе㿴ϵk
һγʲôζ
ƫƫkȻЩ¶Ҳ֪ȫԼسͷ飬һ㡢һǿǺµˡ

ѹҶԱûʶڼ䷢ľĶǵľҲµسһ
ֱֱ
أ⣡ոա
ʶĻָҶҲ͵֮ǰ飬뺦
ԼĪõùܾܿɵģ
̡ˡ
ĻּҶδ˵ĻֱӶסˡ̾ȻˣǱ׸ġ
Ҳ֪Ǹ˵һãǸøпԼ⵵Ŀǰ޹˺ˣҶɸϽ塣
ʦʦ׶𣿡
һ棡
ȻҶ˵үۣͷĻˣҲЩ޹ƽ˻Ҷȴòǵġ
ǵ̿ʱǸضʱࡣ
̻ʲôǰһûʶһҶһŮʲô˵˵Ҵˣ
ϣõСĿ¼˺ţͬ˵˽Ŀʽ
ܿƵȻ⣬̡ۡ˶ȥĿϾչ˾Լǵú
ϣ˽ܱһģڡ
ֻעһ˵ĴСĺҲֱӵ΢ըȫ
ջʲôգ
ֻйעǰ˲Żص˵һ䣺Ҳǡգ
ĿٶȱһʱǺ漸϶ֱûпҲ˽´ˡ
Ǹˣô
л˵
϶


34 
ûκһĿκһȶܹԽõС
ܹҲǿŪ, ûнβĴֱֲȴӲƾʷǰα조ɱ, ټĳԤһһ֤ɴעҪսĿʷᡣ
ϡʵǶ⵵ĿؼαۣûĿ, ֪ʲô, ⼸עҪɥʧȨ
ĺáЩӦ⵽ع⡢õӦ³ԽԽã
ٷͨˣĶ˵ʬ챨ûһ, ģ̫ˣ
ϾԲʲôѧԤԡӦ, ǳģһʲôıҪڴУ
ʲôıŭԹүͷˣ
ԣǸȫ˵׼ˡŰʡ̰ɫ/ƭ𣿡
ԽԽ֤ݱڵϣһг˰϶ûзء
ȷĺ½Ĺϡ
Ӳڹ罻ƽ̨򵱵طԺ, ظû//ɱ/˵ĳԹ, ˵ȻҪĳЩһЩѵ, Ѹɾ
»˺, ѹԷҽ⽻ҹ, С
Ķ˶Ϣ, һЩ˿ʼڱʹΧĿ顢ھſҪָ˵
ۼ˶˶ˣűҲס˶ȷųƬǴǰ㵽İ˶ƵҹꡢƵԼ߼Ƭ˳ѹ̶֮޷ϴأ
мŰ˶˽¾ٰ˻רҵŮӷ̵˽գһڱݷ任NŮƬһһʱȫ
йϵҲ򣬿ʼϣ˺С
һʼ˱񣬼¼˭ڲֹֻͣͳơ
ŮԶ˵ʲôаǸô
йܹϵ֮һʱ䶼ᾫήңѪ㣬ȴСҲٴȦɡСƳ˽ۡ
˵ԼһӰ˶Զ벻ķ˿ҲĬĬɾ˴ǰйص罻̸̬Լϲ
ڽ̵ۣ˺롰ʧ١һܺߵʬ壬Ҳͨ·ľڣ֤ȷ˽ʵʩɱˣøӳߵʵ
һŤ̬ɱ˷̸ȻҪϼ䣡ΪѧУλҲ׽ĹȥĨȥޣͬʱǿ˶ѧУ˼ӡ
ûӵԼһƪСģǵڹһҪЧ£ĴѰƵķţˣ㲻̸
̵ļһʼҲǾý壬Ŀ顢վɱ֣޹ҡ
ôܻڶ̶һʱȻˣ
һҪָ˵ģ
Ѿ˷ųһϵйͬе֤ݡҹҴʵ֤ݣϲķ˿׷ȥ죬ûССġ֤ݣһʼ˻̵
ֱ˳˷ǳϸȨʬ챨棬ýල£ָļи죬ȫóϵȻ׵Ľۡ
һǱ˺ĴŲơ
Թڶĸֲ²⣬ԼߵҲֻܲʲԸ̵ʬ׻ػϼȥˡ
װ˵Щ˴෴ֱٴαֱעֱͻȫ¼Ϊ˹ڶϲһˡ
ͬʱڸƽ̨ˢ##ѴＸǶĤݣ
ۿ˿ѾһˣµҲ
Ȧ󣬰֪ݡƬˡҶֹ˾ܶ˹ע˷׶һĸעˣ
ջᷢԵ˺ϸǹƽ̨Զעɹ΢ޡۡ
֪ʱҼʦһ棬ĽѾã
СóףѰˣɻǵõXXϵXX
С͹⣬صʱ䶼˵㣡κ
ǵһοЩճұȺšְ֡Ｏˣֻظ̾Ǯˣ޼ӣĵ·
Уǲܾô䣬һͻȻҷӻ˵׸أ
ϣ֮Ƕ׷ȻҲ˿ۣЩ
ʵĳλѧֱҲǷ˰ɣ˵ȫļαҪ滻˼ûг°
Ŷ֮ǰϻ²⡢ָ֤Ʒвĸӣԩģ
ΪαΨһһûзû⵽κν¶Ӧˣ˼ȶͬǣһҹ֮䣬ӵСΪǧ۵ĻŮ
ոձȳĹԡաӾ硢Ӱͷ׷
˼ķ˿ǽĴ棺ǼҺɰСʹ⵵ĿΨһһûľ
ĺҲ׷ױʾǷǳڴ˼СƷȶǷǳǮԣ
ۿ˼ҪøӴ˺ͨǰľּʵﶼҪѪˣ֪ҲҪ⵵Ŀ֣ȶȣڽĿܵ㾪ʲô˼ռˣ
ܶУӦô˼ȴڹٷŵдԳ̡
ޱ³ոձһڣľȫȻǶֳĿɰģ
ϢҪʲôԴõ֣˼۹⡢ҲãϾҪˣ
˼ȤǴؽֱֻҵ˵ذϣôֱͦͦİдĴ컨岻סط
ԼʮӺ´ԶѾҳĻѷֻ
ٴδֻȴΪ˻ظ̬ޱľˡȦˣԼ
˶ڿ佱ԼⴧʾǸ⣬˿Ҳ˵ǻһֱϲԶźʱĬá
¶ģ򿪷šŲԶ侯֣Į鷳иҪ
ĳӸոշȥһ˥΢ĳλҲ׼ŶڴĸߣԺ󱻴ɾѿ
Ź˼룬ֻʼ𶯣ϢʾŪֻٴ΢Ѿǧ@ͻظۿɼٶȳɱӣ
СȻǾ䶼׼˵ĻͲдŶ
ϵͳظˣѷˣٴʯбѧ
ӸֻͻȻĳ˸ֲͼƬһѪڣмǸ࣬ѪģҪڱ˵˻Ŷ֣
˵ɤȥعԷȻֻѸյһֻϵͳʾ˵ڱ˵˻Ҫ°ġ
ʲôʲô
ͻӲͷȴŵúܣ֪뵽ΪʲôԷֻΪ뵽ĪĴţ治ٻˡ
ȡ˼׷ʵľĳֻͷƤ飬ԭΪ⵵սĿҪĻȴû뵽һ㡣
ͺͮҲˣϻֱĻֻùȻˣ©˵һˣǡһαʣ׸
˻ԴǵҲ̲ס˳飺Ѿ˰ɡ
֪˿Щʲô˼˳ǣԭۿԼǸ˿ͨʱı顣
ϧװȥˣҲټˡ
ϣ˶˵ȻΪɸɾۿα⵽˼ȴ֪⡪ôܡ
ۿ˵Ǹ˵ġӡ˺ŽαǵĴǰд·һĵĿÿ˵
Ϊǽѵ˼ŻȻҲǶԷ֪ʲô
ǣǸһһʴ棬ҲᣬҪҪץס
мѡͶס
˼̸£зܣ̲סˡһλС㿴ϸ΢ֲܿ˱ˮ
˼ϸϸ˵˾лл͹һˮ
ǵĿϣԼƶͥУ԰͸ֲ׷ƾԽòΪģءȺݣֿŲϵƴŬ𽥳Ϊǣʮ־
Щһ棬һ٣δ˵Ĳȫ꣬ҲѾȫζ
֪ʲôֻװ֪ѡҹȴ˵ⶼҵ룬ΪﲻǮһģȻԼİְ֡Լ
ûκ޴ǣûἰʱİ飬򵥵ĻڳľĶΪ֮һ
ôҲ벻ӫĻˣЦݵ˼ôʹഺ
˼ͷ˺Ѫгª̺۵˿ڡ
Ҳ֪Ǹ˸Ұְ֣ˡ
ԣСʱֵֵֹ飬
Ϣڳ˼Ǹٺò飬ûѪԵϵҲûôˡ
ѧУЩ˲ֻ˺ҵҵ˵ĶҵĿ˺ܶǸ벻顣֪ԭֻǳ˿ôġ񶾣С˸ʤ
̧ͷž͸ǿ˺ˡ磬޵Թ벻⡣
Ȼѧˡ
˼΢΢һЦЦ̣ĳԵõҡ
ѧѣѧ˱ʹӣ޹ģЩ̰ͼòҲȥǣٲذе鶼͸¶ʦѧУǶûк³ҵֻǸɸɾġ
Լ֣ɾʵȴˡ
ǸܵѶԵľﲻСй¶ͬ뱯˼Ȼֹ˺üˮ
ҲûϷʣһЩʱ䡣
˼ܶĶйȥĻ䣬кķ⣬ͻȻ뵽ԼϿǸ˵ǱǧС㣬ǰҲޱȼ˵ʲôо
ǲϵŮܶ඼һģ
ҪȻôôأ
ţ¶ԳԼܺ˼ұȡ
ܱͬ԰˺˼ûжеŮԻж⣬ЩŮ˷ǳģ˸Ӷġ
׬ǮԼôףҪҪѧЩ˸ҹﻻҪĶ
˼Խ룬Щ˱ؿڷŻ֮⡣
֪ôˣ뿿Щν񡢶ÿغԱŰҲþȫݼ
㲻ԸҲиֶαͷԽǹʵĵطԽǺڰĺͬƭμӻʵȥ֣ϱҩֱӴϴ
ҶѾľˡ
ۿһˮѾ꣬ӱ߬˼УоʵľСϽµˮ˳ȥ
˼ҪΪǸ̰ĵˣºýǮԴֲңøֳŵңҾЭˡ
̸ܶԼǶʹʱ⣬̸ܶҪ˶ϡҪ˵ͷ
̰ûҺ̰ġ᲻÷˿ҺԶࡢֿİ᲻úò׵õĸ᲻ûûЩ˺ҵˡԣֻܱøӴԼǴԼĿġ
˼Ľǻ˴Ϣڵֹ˾ӱŹ򡢱ˡףϴǮĻ׵ȵУ˼ԼҲ漰С
ƭ̰塢ȷմȾˡ
λǵ𣿡
ȫѳ˼ȻԾʵڵõ˷񶨵Ĵ𰸺¶һ˿ɵЦá
ǲ˵˿ԿƤµؼҲӦģֻǻûעˣҲˡ
ĺ˶˵ˡ
˼Ѷ˳ſڵʱոյݸˮŮȻСǰϲġ
˼ЩȣҲ¶߽ĵһ޴ı飬еȡΡңֺܿһνı顣
Ӧòϲˡ
ûȶԷشüͷ˵ԼĶ֪ʵر𼵶Щˡ
һļͥŹõδĶ顢顭
ÿοЩװװϷõˣЩڹڳܸ߸ͷ­ɵĿЦˣҹﶼҪʵ˯ž
ŲԭҪοĴľСסˣһʱҲ֪˵ʲôá
ֱԷ뿪ߣ˼ѺһССĵ䣬Сĸ̾
ȻҺܼʡܼʣҲͦϣܹͦõġ
ϣҲһˡ
л˵
Ů֣Ȼƪ׽һƪ¡


35 
Ÿոո˼¼µı¼, ҵ鶼Ǿþòƽָп
ڳǰ참ḻҵǸɣֹİʤ, Ҳ׼ﷸֻ޺
ڡڰˣǵ̶޷԰Σ·Ŀɺֿ֮, ĸоܡ
˼Ĺ˾ǰбزг޶, ׶Ҳǿչ飬в֤ݺ
˼˵, һȺϵġλߡɸѡ۵ġߡ·ͬʱרҵʿվǵ󱣼ݻ
кŮһų, ⵽Ⱥڱɱټº׼ˡ㡱Ĳعܱϵķӣеܺ߶ѡ˳Ĭ
ֱע⵽˼˾Ѿ˵鹤ƻõȷ֤˽´˼û뵽ѡס
Щ˶
еı¼ϣݺݵش˴칫ǷŭĻ硣
Ƕܹרҵķɽ֪׼, ܺҲǼӺߵķ˵ĹʱҲðһ㡰ٷ뷨ҪӦͺˣ
Ӧ˼˾ЩҲһϮ, 鶼⵽ͷζ
, һԴͬļ, ̬
ϸ¸տķ֪ʶ, ѧϰĲ찡˸òӦɸ־, ҪȻˣ
ͬ־˶٣Ҳúͻˡ
һϵôƴعΪ˽ﷸ֮Էܺߵõл˼˲£ùյĵط
һ죬ʵֵģ
Ҳ֪ո˵ҲԼô˾УΪʲôֻǣ̲סʢһ䡣
ҿĳĿӦüȥ˼ȷʵ
ûȻ˵꣬ͷϾͳԱӸһǡŹԹԱ졣
˼ľ͹˾ϵˣ˽ͻȻ˼ʲôľ˺ʦܿͻᵽ
棬ӳͬϵˣ޲־
˼ľҪǽˣͱȥˣ
ô֪ô£֮ǰͨ˵绰ԴгѡͻȻϵˣ
˷ڳϴŵ绰ԭĺ鵴Ȼ޴档
ڼСʱǰƻµ˼·߹滮ĿֱָȦߵλãͻȻյ˼ž˵Ϣ
˼ӵ绰ʱûµķӦԼôϢҲûлظ˷Īһɲ̫ĸо
Щ죬˷Ҳĥˣ쵣Լ˻᲻ǵĿϱҳʲô
ڣһûУ
˼޹δֿɵõƸѹǲõԤУʼ𾯲˼ԭ
ҲĶ˵α¼
֪˼ϲ̫ɾ˷軹ճ˼ά飬ȫȻ֪Ҫͷ
˫ԭͺڵͫƺñȴǰСĶ϶Ƭʧ
԰׵ļ͸ŹϸɼİɫЩˡ򴽣֪ϵİϸѵֻ廹ЩӦǿ꣬Բʹжв㡣
ûһԵĹ˳һҡӳ˿ڣѾһһҹ๵ؿڡ
Ҫһˡ
ۼ۵ٴα۾ҷ׷Ȱ˵ҲҪ뿪ҽԺԲ־ΰֱóֻ׼ϵֳʲôԼ첻˵ģֱӵ绰ϵϴͺá
Ψй˳û˵ת˲
죬׶йִԺ￪һЩ
ڹڵһеĸ߼ϣһߴʵˣʷǷһ㲻ͨˡӼʻλ£ܿ˺ĳǰϸµţʲô˱
һ񻰵Ůϣͨϰͨ빫֡
Ҫĳʱı飬ͦȤ
Ṵǣ˵Ż
˳ҲΪʲôΪʲôҪʱȴ֪Ǹ˵һˣԼӦЭɡ
һʱߣ˳ֱš
Ϊ̹ܵĵù־ΰ춼ǰʵǵ߲ûȴΪ˹˳ĳʲô⡣
ĳװռΪʣԴ߼ļϵͳΣڳţһӦҽԾ豸ޱȫ졣
ĳǿܸ˿ġ
Ǻܼ򵥵顣ңûôùˡ
˳޳ͦεΣװµȴޱɵرƺ쳣˲мڵء
ûпôᣬǿһ̶ȵʱǷֳһ
˼ʱȻͷһۣǵĻƺһȣƽָ
ҹȥ
˳ֹͣһãĻԹùϵΣϣϵ˳ǰȥ
׶йѶҡ
û˼ֱӱѶҵľ˷ƤЦⲻЦضǰľ죺ͬ־˼Э𣿡
Լʲôʱܺá
쿴űװصʵѶҾѾýŵ˷費⣬ֱӸجġ
˼ѾͶףʲô鶼ˣҲʵʵ齲
ڲΪ֤ˣˣ
ĺȻ˼Լҵľ˷ûܿסԼĲ죬Խ̲סŮǲǷˣ
ոչһ٣ۿӾҪˣŪʲôأ
˷źúõĴǲҪԼǰ;˵ģ
˼ܸոմǵĿĿ˲һʱЩ˵ĳЩ
ǹؾصĹ˾ʲôΥ顣
ľ˺ܿ˼ΪͣҪոеʦһнʦ
˷費֪ǾֵʱѾд쿪չͻϮжȫ˾ûзǴڹ˾ϡĿԱ
ḻӳ˫ӥһ۾ֱֱ˷裬Ӳ
˼Ͷ׵ͨոѾȥˣǵͬҲѾ˹˾ʱǵʦŻæµʱû㡣
Ƽ˷ֿʼЩ޴룬ӽӳǰ븩ӣڸȵİ׳俴
ȴôͨһܵ̿˿ʼ˵ɣͬϴԡաǿȣ£ǰŤһ˵֪
˷е̬С۵ףӳصؽһ֤˦ǰ
ȻˣƶͬʦͬǴ˴ΰˣ󲿷ֶû취ʦˡ
ڿʼʡ𣡡
ող뾯֣ھֳҵڴ¥һ䣬һԵľкܶط߶󣬵ҲʮϵشڻĿ񣬵ȴžֿⳡ顣
ͮˮС̲軹Ǻ裬̧ۿ˿˵˾䲻òҶ
ȻͻȻض˵˾乧ϲͮϡͿ֪ԼϲӺȴ̲סͨͨҲ˲á
ȻᣬԼҪʲô
ѵȥĿˣ
뵽Ѿˮ߳˻ҵ̲ͮסЦˡ
С飬Ҳλϲ
ԼôСҲѷʲôرشϲѽԼҲûƱϰߡ
ʱͮ͸칫ҵĴƼͻжͬǻˣһջС˲ˡ
ֹ˾永Աȫأһֿͬķ俪ʼʻϸͬ˵ĸɾǲ߶ţϵͬ¡һʱ䣬¥
죬ãֱӴƽպٴڹ˾컪
λʮȦǺ绽ͻȻֵ飬Ȼòȥ
ĵλѹҪ԰참ʲôɫԸܵľ䣬̸ֱ˵ǲ˽⣬ˣ̬ʮʮš
컪治⣬ȴֱ֪ӴƾͲС£ͷܿѾ˹ؼ֤֤ˡһ̣ܿӲ̡
⣿
ϣڡõСĿȶȻδ½Ψһһλûļαȴû˳ȶȳȺϽϡһĽĿӰƷ¶ûе¼ƽ̨˺ŻӦӦ˿ĹУѾʼĳЩ˸еһ˿Ծ
ĬԽãԽŨء
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Ϊɶ˼ڽĿһûУǸС˺Ҳȫûᵽ飬ȴǳˣ
ͨݣԼͶ׵ģ巸ʲôû˵ģ
ֻ˵ɣһû˵ȫԱһѣ
̫֪˼ϾʲôôôⰡ
ǳһţиոտ˼˾ԼŪˡ̷ĸģΪȻ˼ûڽĿܵعͳͷǲΪûôеҪԹϵġ
δȻܳϸͨ档
˲˼ܹڹעȶߵŮǣͨ涼̳
Ȧ˶ͻķתҲˣĴ̽žʲôǸոջͨ˼ģȶȸϽԼĵӾĶ֣ͣĴ̽Ϣ
ܿ죬ͨʿ˵˼ƺǾٱԼҹ˾ո˾һи߲㶼ȥܵˡ
˼ôݵ
£ҵעҲ𽥴˼תƵڵĹ˾
ֹ˾ô˾Ӧòʲô°ɣ
ǰŻڽĿ˵ʲô͹˾ãļˣ˺ܶѹֶǻѻ
ﶼǻѻҸȤΪʲô˵αʱֻʣǺʹƭĺ𣿡
Ȧ˱ϣ⹫˾汻飬ĹϾԲС
ĺ뿴Сİ@еС˼ṫ
߻ص֡
˼ĿڹԼṩĴŰˡṩ/׵֤ݣռĸĻסϴǮڵҲá߲㡢컪ɫǾ˵һ¡ѹ
Ǹû뵽Ȼôʱõ˶֤ݣ˷û뵽˼˽¾ôݵһ֡
ǽܽӴĹ˾Υ鶼һ֤ݣ˷ȥ˵Ļ¼
ôֶΣȻҲҪ㹻ۣ챻˶֪
˼Ծ콻ڵﶼЩؽļ˽ܵ¼һ˸ע⵽ĵطЩһǺüꡣ
鲻ᱻع⣬ЩѱԺõϡ
鱩¶ˣҲ۵֤ˣȡǶΣԼٶЩʱա
Լľˡ˹ܴʱԼڽܵѯʣҲֳ˼֮⡣
ֻǣЦһ;Щˡ
ЦѾΪְҵϰߣٲĶҲҪЦĲãܹ˶ѱˣϰҲԸˡ
ûѧɣܴŸңЩҪȥεİɣҪأ
Լ֪ȫҲѱ֤һһ;˵˼ֻʣһĵ⡣
ʱ컪˽˷ɹŶҲˣ컪ȡͻ绤
صĸѪѹӲֲԻ᲻ʱȡ
ӢģʦŶó˹Ĳҽ֤飬׼Ҫ컪ߡ
˼ľʱû취ش⣬ֻ˵ھˡ˲Щֱ֤ݵ˿϶Ҫ˺üεġ漰ﲢġ֤ȷϵĲ˵
ͬ־֤һᾡȫֵ÷ߵõӦеĳͷ˼ҲֻԴźص˵ͷ
ʵҲ˼
˼ճӴ˾Ǿ˷裬֤ݳ֮йء
ȻΪС˼ڹ˾ĵλߡûжٻӴִ˾ȨĴϰ塪컪
֪ĵ˻ָʹ潫˴˽ܳΪĳЩԹṩΪĲθûõֱ֤ݡ
컪ҲǸļصˣº桢ԸҲҪרҵʿļ飬κζ׼롣
ȥĳЩ˵ˡ
˷֮ʱô£ܶ£һǶǵˡ˲ԴҪǣ߲ҲܵӰ죬
ԣŬҲֻܰ˷Լٲи߲㡣
ģֻܿˡ
컪ʦŶӾ棬24СʱһҪ컪ȡߣոտ깤žֱֳָʾ
ѶץٶȣһҪʳ
õ֤ݣ컪
컪ʦŶӵȷţ׶ֵҲͿԽģҼңȻֱӳ嵽￪չжҪ׳׼
컪ı㣬һרҵʿĻŵˣǱץסⱦ24Сʱʱ䣬ҵϵＯʶӡص֤ܾȡ룬ĵ飡
´ָּҴҸϵ¥ͬλ档
ոյĻǳҪʵѲ
ţ˲ԼոΪʲôûг֣ȫûյϢҲ֪ԷΪʲôͻȻԺҪ
û£ʱ򡣡
۾ǣҲԷ١
죬ϻǴҽԺĲͬͨҽԺͬǽССҽԺ־˿ɫװżϸĺɫƲֱ뵽Ƹеʳ
ѩ׵ѣѩ׵Ƥڵĳ۾ϵŮϵĲʵ̺ıͬγǿҵķ
ݲȵ̬˲طˡŲشĳֽģպǰһǰֹͣ
ҽֻΪ顣
һǰúϵͳСԬֽƷϡ
һע
˲ùֽƣܾЩ졣ΪǰˣԵüΪ֣ء
Ҹоͨ׶еֽϸŲٶ⣬ǽӴˣ˲𺦡˵õ
ž̷ֽƣҲǰڽ᰸￴̼Ƭͳֹֽƣ
ԣͻȻ׼Ҷɣֵֹʽֻ˵뷨˵Ĳ룿
ûЩеľѾƵ˵˵ڶɡ
һ䡣
Ѷķ컪ԼЩʦ֪ûУҲŴӽŹ˶áѶûκοʾʱĶϾʱʱĸšѶʣжϳʱ˶á
ʲôҽβʱǵ𣡡
컪Ŷ֪϶Ҫʱ価ܴӹ׳ȻҲܾôš
˾׼ؼʱ¼Ƶ컪ĲƸλвǣҪǿпһʮزߣǹȻΥıɱ
򵥵ô仰žֳһСҪټѧʿ׿ƽм飬Ȼȥϵӡơ۵ģʱջأ
΢΢һȻֿʼýڵϴ˽ġ
ԾĲƣóһϵе֤ݣ˷ȻЩסȴٰһ˵˾ͻ
ѶҲǳصģܿץסشе©ȷ˸Ϣ
˷Բ˵ˡأ¥ǴĳйɵĽ࣬û档
Ľ⹹죬ѶһĵطЧһһĺãôᴫֵ졣
ûԽԽԣҲԽԽ죬˷Ҳɵؼӿˡ
ûʲô
ոѾ˳Ĭܾõ˷̲סǰһûӦľ죬̲סԼࡣ
תƻ⣡˵ʵոյ⣡
Ѷ˻Ϊû¡תߣȴ˫һס䡢һסؿڣޱȽǷģ
ͬʱͬܵĻڲͬѶʵļֹ˾ˡ
컪ȷʵЩãҲΪϧǳճ£嶼Ǻܲġ
һֵȻҲе
ڸʲôϷ̸ֹͣ
Įؿ컪ϷʲôƵ컪಻ģɴû˵಻ãû˵Ҳҵõģʵ̫׾ˣ
ϣؼӿ˴ŽĵĲһûһغžֶԻ
˳ע⵽Ķֺ̧ܿͷȥŲ˵ע⡣
ҵȷԿһ˵ĹȥδҲһ𣿡
µĽŽԽԽ죬ϵıȴǵģ˵Ļ죬Ų˵ĺ档
˵Щɵ컪壬ЩޱȣҲûʲôش󼲲ʷи߲˵˭ô컨壬ܵʱ򡣷ľǲͷüͷֱӺǳԷװˣ
ֱмֹ˾ڽܵ˶Īͬġװģ
ʲôװģܲǰóһװ񾭲ɣ
Ǹûʲôֵе˵컨塢е˵ǽڣ˵ֱǵĶĤϣֱǼˣ
˵ȻͿͬɫЩ죬̴˵ػָۡ
ҲԼͬ뵽˸ոսĳգȴ֪ĳ˴˿̾ⶰ¥
ܿ죬һϱ
Ǹǿҹ׼ˣĸһŹ̵ʺѪҺźɫ࣬ΪеǿԸһУԼ
ƵؿڣֱؿǰŲˣĿꡣ
ײҵǰ֮ûеĻ棬Ķʹѡ谭Σգ㶼η塣ǰãȥΪһʺľ޻ĶӽҲ봩·
ƺڶȥһĹҲܵΪ㽾
ŲѾ˵¼ȴǵһ׶֤
˵Լһľ޻͸˵Ҳ봩ϾĻŲȻ𺳣
׵鲢ѵ顣ɸ׼йûǰǵڶҹȥģûκˣô֪
ȥ鶼ѾȥǻҪδ
Ųû⣬Ƕʳ˶֪Ĺؼ⡣
е׼ʲô
˷Ѿ̫ѶĻˣǽһͬ񶯣ͷΡꡢĵȵһϵ֢״ȫӿ
߿ʼģŲκζҲκŵѪҺҲͻ⡣
һħǾеľżرơš
ֻҪһͿԽЩľżסķѡ
ǵɷҳϵ׼еĵ¡
ֹͣǻĽģ΢΢̧ͷ֣ص˵Լĵ
ѭҵԳС
УǱ֮
ȴһըŲ˵ңԶׯϵ顢꣡
ݶļʱŲ˵һθܵԼСһŻعȴᶨ˵Լ׼
ǹؿֲûֹͣѶ״Щ顢ˮ˺üĿĥһڵϲסز״õ˻ԼĶǸûдѳ
˷ܲĥϽԼЩΪҪġ̷
ò׻ָ־컪ֻ׶ǷˣȻҶ̱ƹ
ŷºݻ24СʱѶһһʦŶӰǶϷͥȫý嶼һǵķ˵о
ѶȻǾץʱʣ
ûҽʱһԴ£Ѷͣ
ÿ˵ϿɵֻзΪΨһ׼ۡԼͽǴĹƽг
Ų˵仰˲˿ղҡҷЩҪܣڼʱӦ˹ǵ
ţܶʱǿƲͬ׼һǳͻġҲϣδܹͬػͬƬ
Ϳ⣬׼뿪վŷԼһĺ
˳ڵõĵͷҲţݡ
Ųⶰ¥Ȼĳ¥㡣˳ŲҲ̲סǸȥ
׶йֺܴһ¥ϰٸ䣬ԺⴱĽֻһ˶֪еķֲ
˵ҲϲԱ֮֮仰ǡãҲͦϲġ
ʱҲȷʵһǳͻġ
仰ù˳ҽԺ
ŲĪػص¥ϣ˱Ѷشչ
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Ѷ컪龪ֶ֣ġŭ߳ܵضſͼȴֹطãˡʲôֺһ㣡
ʲôҡ
ǵණÿ𿿽ңģģ
л˵
ЩЩžͲͻˣ
̫ˡдһ죬ողдꡣ


36 
컪߳Ƽʮ, ʱĳ
ͷĿѣǰһںٴԼԺؿд͵İɳϣλ;ߡ
֪Ϊʲô, ûŮŮ㣬ֵַֻţȴû˵Եʮֹ졣
ô, ôû˼, Ͻ˶
һԼ̫ѨһϵϽ˹ſ˺Ⱦơ衢֡
ͷôô, ໹ôܣԼ֮ǰʲôţ컪Ŭ, ȴʲôû
ʱҲ˸Ծ顣ԼķԸһԵĵûа㷴ӦҲûдԲҪģ˶ڿ
ܣЩǶˣҪȻʵģ
һλĸͻȻյߣ컪˵˻
컪ƽȻҲͬЩ˹ޱ, ֳͬԶﻹǸоʮֲʡ, Щ˵ĳࡢƤ, ˵ζ˾, һ˥ϵζ
ԼҲѾʮ컪Ŷͷ, һ߲ɫԷľ, ˽ʲôë
ҪʲôᣬֻҪ˵óû㲻˵ģ
ǿ̲Է˼䣬ҪûɵڱϵĵԼ˽ϢңеĹͲԽŨء
ͷеʹȰҰ߰źá
ͻȻ˶ĺ󱳣컪оԼܣθҲʼΣɷôģһͷͿ˾ȻΧǹеĴű/飬ǡЩֵǮһ㣡
컪Ȼԣȴ޷ӳġجΡ
ҪȴһƷһŮǵľϢ
˲ˣǶƷ
̵ŰֻֻΪλߵ桢ʩ
˵ľŨҲڶʱһԵȫ飬޼
һͬʱþĻмֹ˾߲㣬ҲһݶԵζ
գۼ侹ȻҲ˱׸򣬵ӸԼϵʱ򣬵Լʱܴﵽġͬܡ
ǣʱδģ˿һμҵǢ̸λ顢Ѿۻᣬڳϯ͹ϵġˡͻȻǷ˷һ
Ŀ֮ޱΡġķӦﲻͣǱŹַʱĽкסϴԼھʲôʱʲôĻһһʮ˳
ڸо۾ͬʱһѡĻۼ֤˱ߵԣ
̶̵ļСʱ׶һ俪Ĺ¼ͬʱֱӸдڶ˵ˣһġХ
ʱ䣬ٷųһ¼Աϡ
ܳһʱȦȻһ£ҲͻȻýԺ㲻Խߡ
죬Ų˲ֻһȦṩٳ۵ġҵнѶʵļ﹫˾˶˾ͳһĻþҲھ֮ɫ̲סһļƤ
˵˶ǴĳֵĽʼòǿǶס˶ǺҲȻõŲȻ뵽ոպ¥ϻ̸ʱԼƳĳ˵ĽĴ
⡪Ҳ̫ˣ
ûйӴֻͬһ¥Ϳĳ̶ȣ
ո̸ܵǷ˵Ųвͬʱ϶ĳֱضйأ
ʵǳû˿ĳ̶ȣ
ոն˹ڷɡµĶԻŲɫԽڴ֮ǰδһ˵Եµĵزļ޾˵ֻһͷ
ֱǻ
컪ؾ߲ˣһСѾ˸ոչ˽˱;޶ƲĵطѰʵ֤ڹҲȫˣڣǻжû˵꣡
ǣƵǻָе鷳
η㱶˷ܵı飬ȻҲεİѶʮֹ죬ü֤˹쳡ľҲëֱ
ΪѴ֮͵õ˼ӷȫѶԼģʡǲ֪ٹǼָӣЩĵǡ
Ҳ֪Ȼֹ˾ʦŶӼ컪ˣᷢʲô
ЩƵҲʵûųȥ
Ų⻰ȥ飬⻹ɡԼηΧڵĹļϵ
ȥֻҪûаѰûлںܺһ
Ĳö롣Ѷȫ̼¼ûУ鷳Ǿң
ֳǿƵĻȻҲǸɾʮ㣬ͬ˸ּȥˡ
Ų˵⻰Ÿոύһ㱨ϣһԼסס
ǧм˱˵뷨ԺǾֵʵͷΨһ׼򣬿̰͵ǵ̤̤ʵʵ̰참
ϱƳ˴¥˳۲쵽ĽѾȫֹͣ˸ոյĶطţڵҪȲе𣿡
֮ǰѾߡ
Ⱳӻǵһ Σܺܲ˼Ƭ̣ʱʡ
һ㣬ԭ弸˵رָԽ࣬ԽԽ
ʱ˵Ļ˵Ӳ
˳岻ãȴûжԾͷһ浣ĳ˻᲻Ӣŵ
ԼܻöνĹ˳һôˣô飬ҲѵЩһ粡ʵЩϧ뷨
ҰͷĹˡ
ϸµ˴ֱӱԼؽֻĲȻؽ⵽λķ̡
һ˲䣬˳ŵǹϤζľʡݱֲɢĵ㣬ӶľһζˣЩɬСȻÿأ߽Ĳŵõ
˳ϵ֣ۡ
ǡҪҵרְ
˳ԭҲûԼĶλܿͷʱĽӴȷֻһλˡ
ߣһԼδֹ磬ܽȻͬĶ
ҵĹ
ҲȡκζΨһҪǸߡ
Ѹٵؽ˽ɫɿ쿼νһߵǰֱܣܴ͡Լֵ顣
˳ǵϲãֻԸԴȻĸƷʳκϣ𳣹ʳƫøັҩƵҩҺ
ҩѾ죬ϵʲҲϱļҩĻء
ûѰ˻еĿڸ֮ڻƷζΪУɰȵС
ϵͳĿɿڴؿλԼͼԼСְλˣЩҪֳԭͣ
Բܴңҿ
ϵͳظպ⻰˳
ܹͨļ񡢼ȡԹָܸԶ̰ԣҲѡͬĸģʽʮСʱ顣
ʤεĹһȫ𡣡
˵ţ˳ְعغóţʻ޳ָմĿݲ
Ҹƫ͵ĹͬʱҲ޹ѧ˶ʿκҪʡԣľܽҡ
ҿдıĳλСá
ϵͳ
Ҳ̲סṴǣиصСܡ
˶ڲͨʲôʽԷȡõϵ˳ѾԼϵͳڲ쳣źֵ벨ͼ̽ϵͳϵ˿
Ҳ֪δϵͳһ졣
貶Թ˳Ӻ棬ϵͳļüꡣ
ɹ˳ҲĿҪˡ
ɵɵ֪һеϵͳû뵽ԼͳȻӭ˴ΣڵӰӾ磬Ͻѣѹû뵽Ҫȥĳ˵ĵһ䣬û뵽ȻҪλ
ҿ˳ȻŨüۣһһӻˮˣ
зʲôôܸұȣҶܣͼʮֵͼ
ϵͳʱϽȥ̽飬ȷǸԡԼһ˿һ߼˵˳Ļ
˳һ²ۣӾʹ㿪ҽԺȻгͣǰסǵȥ·
ܣһ鷳³š
ϣָĴҴææһʱû˶࣬ɫҲǰˡ
ʱ˸ְ취Ҫټһֻͨ绰ҲУĻᣡ
һʼ콫ǵҽԺ⣬ָ᯻мȥ̸͡
ôŮһ˲øĸԼŮĵ
ָԲͼơŮԴĲĿܣӽĶҲԽԽ
ֱⳡ
ⳡϵѡʾ֧֣ҲҪͨ˶ʩѹ˳ǰ㲻ã
˳ʲûżô࣬ȴѷɫΪ¡
ּҴֱ˺ָ˵ʱٷˣʾϣǲҪŲˡ
ǣȻġҪִ󡣡
Źٷ˱ºͣʵ򾯸Ļָٲ
ֱҽԺҵ˻Ͻǰˣ
ϧһ˳Ѿر˳šȫϵɼֻ˿棬ָ᯺ͺӰӶû
˳׶ҵҵȦҲǳģֲţûκΰ취
ְˣְ֮ǰˣԭǣؼҺ𣡡
ĨᣬֺԼŮģѡǶϾϵ
ָʱҲ㲻˳ϻŮûкּһʲôĹ⾰
˳ͷı飬ɫȻԴţֱӵ𣿡
ص˵ͷԸոԳƱȹ˳ܸɵϵͳʵԣܿ
С
ָôųŹ˳ȴûϳ˾û˵һֱһţǾôײּҵĳǵĳ׶Ȼҡڵؿˣ
˳˳̫ˣ
ϵͳҿָԶʻģһ
˳ǡҲʱ˿ڣСк
ûϵͳӦڵʹ˸ʮֿɰСãҽСǹ˳зǻϵͳֺܸˡ
ھǷ̻35ӵĳ̣ҪΪƼһ׺ĸ𣿡
Ȼǹ˳˵Ǹϵͳ
ϵͳ 
ȻûϵͳôҲͦʵĿɰСһﲢų⣬Ӧ
Сڿʼ濪ĿԺȹọ́һֺú÷һ°~
ϵͳۣС̲Ȼᷢ
滺廷ʽʵҲ۾תԤԺӻԽԽˡ

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˳ԵͣͿʾԼ³Ҫ·ľ¥ȥһˡ
ûжʣ˳ͣóٴνǶ˿ûʲôرľ¥ȥ
ⶰƽŲʷʽ¥һͤľӪҲ¥ϵסÿϴӼڼſ⣬־ͼиϡ칫ƷͿҶ¥һٹ˱ͤŻص¥ϵļ
ÿ춼жոһ긴һꡣ
Ƽиžµ˸ǲмƯСͤǰкҪʲô
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һù
ջЦݣ䵭ǱԼ⣬Īŵģ
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ΪΪ޷еĺ׷ھˡ
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˵֣Ƴε俴һۣûκθĮһԼͷĸӣһֵͦǮĳӺƤЬӲˡ
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һתͷȻǶſ˵Ψӵ˲ܿǺɫССӰȻһɫС
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˳뵽¥ĳЩۼ·¹
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37 
ȡ󡣡
̷˳ֱ, ͷѾһŮҲǴߵķ߸Ц׺ͷ磬һֱʸеļµºݡ
ôڿֱ, ʽĵĻȴ޷ŵ㡣
էһˮ׽ϸƫƫ־ͨ˼Զ㲻ʲô֮ġ
նֵֻϷ̷ڵͷ˵Щ˯˵ߺ, ûʲôȤ, ֱ첻Сĵ˽
ԭӦֱ˳ֱҲ֪ΪʲôȻȤȴǹһ
죬ҿһ¥, һӯϸϸܵĶǲ¥ÿһ, Ũء޶ĺɫ
ǰҪı䣬ⶰ¥Ѿ˫ۡס˶䣬ǲ˵Ļ
ҿĻ治ȼţʵáͯĿҲ֪޷׸ı䡣
渵Ĺ£ԭҪʶ¡Ҳ˼ֺ棬׷סĶĶ¥¥ֻᷢʲôĹ¡
뿴һʲôӰ, ˵һڽϺż
ⶰ¥סĶǻˣòһ֮¥, һĹϣ
, һΣ
¥ϵ, ϶˳۸, ɴҶӴ, ˼ҵۿɱĻҪĶࡣ
Ϊʲô˵û취ı䣬ⶰ¥ô𣿡
ϸָۣȴ̷ԽġȥʲôˣһֶǮǮֲָãͷʲô£
ң̷˵˺û˵һĻҲʵ᲻ȤûȥƯ裬ٴ򼸾Ϸˬ졣
ǰʱո̸һӣѾ˺üڣæؽŲŵص̷ʮϧԼġ󡱵ʱ䣬Ƶ˳׼뿪
ΪϣƵˣϡٵġƶ֯ռϷ磬аͻеΣŻʱһ
˷ˣǹ˹֡
ܹ׽ЩԸںһ˹ֿ
ׯءϣһ˿ֲ͸紫ÿ˵Ķ˶̲סͷһһӴֱͨȫ˵˹ʱ̷ҲԼͻȻըһף˲ͷѣ̲ס˾䡣
ˡ
Ѳɣ˵ԴʲôЧģ
ţ̷һӾᵽɤۣȻţһɲ֪ĶηȻҪʲôֲĳ
ٳ֮ңͻ϶̷֮١޴Ļ漴ȼȼաɺҹ񣬻ɻҽһʳı硣
˽ۣܸҪʣڹԽǮ챦ȡһƽٵ
Ӳ޴Ĵ⿴ȥżɽ̫
Ϧӳϣ·һҫ۵ĽɫŮһ㡣
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Ȼڵؽӹصеš
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Զ˺üұ꣬ϸĴ̳ͤҲԽԽˡ
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˵극Ͱѿһӣȥˡ
Ƕھӵ̷ڷ￴˻Ů裬ȴܿصƵ
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̷۾ؿŰְ֣ɰըˣƽʱ趼ԣ
УϾͳը
̷ˬشӦŮڶԷϲص˵Űְ˵Ļˬضը˳ŮȻһ극͹ԹԻطһ᲼޾˯òá
ŮЩĵı飬̷Щ顣
òݼ٣ʵ֮ǰûϷûƵʹ죬һ㲻ʱ;׵Ůϡ
ڣŮƺͦԼҲûҪ㣬ǹԹԵȥӵˡ
ɳϣ̷椿Ѿ˷䣬İְ־ͣС²ۡ
ְֻԼ棬ÿζҡ
۵ָίرһĺˡְԸʳըߣԸˣ̫߶ˡ
ңǶæ
˶æģǰڼҲҪԼ档
һСкȻӦϵ˶̫ˣԳȥ档
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ҲҪлˣǾͻ۸ң
ְ軹ңȥ
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½ʵҺôֿܵ죬۸
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˵𣿡
ϾҪ飬̷˷ȻǲԵ飬ҪлһҵͷѾȫռԭͲԴ
½ʵҲͣܶôࡣԺŵº󣬰ְͶˡ
۸椵ǼӦҲ߰ɣ
Ӧÿ԰ɣ
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ȻʱͻȻ߳ҲǿǸڣƤ϶źɫ̼мҲѾĿֲСк
СС壬ȫûһõģΪµıȫĺۼΪ󲿷ƤⶼѾջ٣ԵøСɱǿ۾ֻɭˡ
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뵽ÿԼʮҹصͤŻ¥ⶰ¥ĵϿصƣʱʱģżբ
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𣡻𣡡
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ۿ磬ҲûãҶģŹò˶þܰѻȫϨ
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𡭡Ȼô𣬶𳡾ԮĶԱͨԽҲ˿µѶϢǾȻôССһ¥·ˣ


38 
ⲻͨĻ, й
ֳѾһֹͨ˽ľ¥ǰȻ߽˼ˡǴѰ˲ͬĸŷװŽ̡ϲ, ͦơ
в֪ȺҪֳͷ˵ŹĻ˴жĳӶӳǰȰ˵ֳʮΣյģ˵𿿽
ǲֵ, ûⳡˡ
Ϊ׵ų, Լʮҵ̬ͣãЩʳ˼̻ζͦԱ
ӳάĶԱȺĪͳ, ƼܶӶӳʹžľͬ־Ҳˣ˵˾䣺Լ, Լˣ
ӣԼˣ
ǰٶȵȷϳȥѾȵĶԱĪء·ټ쵼ĽͣӶӳֻ𾪵ؽ羹ȻСѧĴڡ
ԣԼڹ֮࿴Сӡ顢ظ´С˵趨ܶģ
ԣôҵĶѺȺڴ
⵽޴𵴵Ķعֻ֮оˣһʲôֵֹĶרҵʿܱûкã
ĶԽѾûϵǣǰȼԽԽ, һϢ, ҲֻܽϣЩϡ
ɽɡ̨۵ȵǰѧľӢӿ۱˴, ж͸ȥͼ, һϸµζ
ǰ, ٷѧ̬Ȼһֻ۱һֻ, ûжٹҲͨץڽ̳Ļż˳šһܡ
ճĴ˵϶ÿ̶ЩﴫͳĻĻҲֻ֧֣ͦǴκΡǿѧҲĴ򽻵
񣬹ٷƺ͸¶Ҫ¶һף˼ȻŸҲзԵ뱻ĴǵķӦ廹ϡ
ǣʱٷƵ֯ʱ»齨˵һֻԵжСӡ
ڣǿûбµʱ򣬼λľӢȻҲʵսаεͷ
ǻὫƽġ
ûԥ˷׷ԼԷļһصĻ֮С
Ȼأҿʲôҹ컯֮£
ɽ֣仹û¥һۣʼԼҵط
ߣ˭о
̨۵ƲƲ죬ȫҲЩˣ˭ţ˭ôࣿ
氮װ
⣬û𣿡
żֶûдֻǴŹŹֵ߽ȥˣиӽƣһЩûܾ˳ԼҲ˽롣
Ⱥ˽¥ʼʱ򣬶ԽͻȻ˿ڴ˶Ա
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ԱŨŨзԷޣʵ벻ͨ⿴ľ¥ô߲ȥ
ʱǼ·
ô
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ոŵŮ߶߶رԹţʮֲ
ŮһػڽϽ̣˵
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ҲϽӱ죬Ȼеѯ㡣
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֪¥лʲôˣ
Ů˼˵ţ֪ʲôʱȻѾ˳ıϣ˵ҵĽźʹ챳ң
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ɲŪҼҵĶҪǮģ
ϵŮһ䣬ûðΣվǣƶôˣ㻹ۼôһȲ
ҪǮ
ԭעԼĽ࣬⻰Ҳð˻ٺ಻˾ʾԷںŵ㣬ЯרҲСӳ飡
ꡱ
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֣Ŭض˽ھʹȥ
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ԭߵĶҲӰ
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㴫ϢɵˣôԲϰ
Уߵأ
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ûϴôĿǰ֪ȷʵǸװġƭӡ
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Ǯ޽ŭĿ˵û˾Ҫߵ̷ﻹˣ
ôְֵģ
ˣϾȻּҳ
ֻһŮûӣûвСڼ̷Ҳί;㤡ųȥˣû˰
ĿɿڴؿŮķ䣬һһľŪͷת֡
ѲɣǱŮ䣡
ĥĥģҵû
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¶ȱߣŵŨϢȼյž
͸ſ·һĻ棬ļҲͷһʱ֪Լںδ
С𣡡
Ǯ޽ûԥͳ̵ķֱӱסǸССĺɫӰ첻죡СޣԼҪ𳡣
һȺˡҪܣҲں¥µ㣬ҵסڴܵĶͷˣ
ֻǣĻֳƫƫֱǰδеĻҳ档ŷݺݾۢΰĶһţץӣżҪȥϼͷ˹Ů
ȲһҪԱҪȥٵˡ
̷椿ٴγֵ½ʵŵĲ˵ˣٿһԶлͷ̷Ļ޵ĶҪȥˡ
ոշŶ¥ˣһӦǱܵһ˭ſڵͣˤһӣ˶ˡ
Ұ㣬޽ܺ͸Ͻǳȥ
ӳƽһŭ˶ʮĻҲѵĳȺ˻ҪҪˣ
£ѧľӢҲڸ
ϵ·ѾյòͷҲˣ˲ٷųɹһĳ˻ĺɫС̱ɫٴУ
ֱͳĽҪϿ
ƽֻԼ̫ѨһһģԽͶ
˭˽ģ
ɶԽֻһʲôҲûյ
ƽҲûʱȥĪ˶Ǹģֻͷ۵ؾɸѻǳȥԼһԱ¥Ų顣
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ĿˣȻҵǵǷСҪˣ
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Ϊ·ջ٣¥˺ڰ֮УʱŽԱĸǿֵͲ˻иССںڶһС
ģʲô
ĽкָķҲע⵽ǸֲĴڡ
ճѾ˰ɣ
ģҪجˣϽǳȥ
Ǯ޽ܻġˡһǮ޽ԼҲоĺԼòܷ֣˵ʲôҲϷ֡
ѾˣҲΪǲűġ
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Ƿ֣ĳȥˡ
ðԽ¥Ļ𳡣ȴֻˣ
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غ͸ӳٿһȺͻȻ˲ԣզô
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̷Ůں棬кȻ˼ѹûˣոľ˵üˣƤȫˡ
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Ǿס˭
ǡ
ǰǱ˴ʶģȺģ
ëȻǵȻԱˣΪʲôֻľȻ鰡
ҵȥİ취𣿡
ϳıס¸ӳĵĻôȥƿôԽǾԽΣգ
ʱˣ˭ˣ
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ԲܰѹȥͰǷֳһֱ۷ˡ
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ֻ̫д̣Ҹֲ˭˭ˡ
ۼȺڵ״̬ԽԽѾ·ʧȥܿͻԣҲǲȥƫƫ¥мݵʩҲȫϵĶѣѾΣյʱ̣
֣ȳ֣һڷɧŮ˾һ
ûϵῴֱӡɱˡסԱǴʧɫȴǸͱ˸ŮֱӾɢһɺ̡
Ũ֮пһǵ۳ѣϧʱҲûܴСˣҵĺѾĻŪ˵ˡ

˿ԼӡʧһҲһϵķŪصʧ
֮ϤĳƺڶΪʲôˣǲʱԼɷ
ԼҪ
ɤӻģ˵Ҳ޷ߴؼϢ
һֱûж֣ЩӢӾϸ۲ÿˡͬʱϵĸַ˴ȷЩˡ
ڣҲȷûٵˣ
Ҳ已̥ĵͬҪסŸкʵŨԼϱƽĻˡ
ڣڼ֪ǹʲôԳ󣬻ƺСˡ
ԱҲڼֶŽлĵشŶԽԱҲһֱûзͨ
ʧЧ˵ĶԽҲٴλָ
Դڶ¥Ѿӵ¥ϣǴ15Ⱥڴ¥ݼܺûУ
յյѾȫ¥࣡
¥¥˵Ķһƽųɹӣ
ڿݵԱҲЩⳡȵʵ̫ˣ
ڽˣ
ðȫ豸ĶѻϴʹҳȥǮ޽ܺȻǸоʲôһ㣬͵ػͷԶǸڵСкֳ֣ϵ֣ƺʾȥ
־ԻˣǮ޽ܻл㱵ؾҪȥ͵رס
ʲôأ
˸£ΡΡغ˵ǸСкֳֵ顣ΪȫֵġѧӢٴα¿Ѿǵ¥߶ȣ׼˵ԱĺȻЩʡ
ģô
ҪԼСһݳȥ˺ü£ԱȥֱӽӰ˵һ㽫͵ϣȴ˸ա
ڶ棬¥ȴôȥ
ӡŷŮ̷椶ǸܵʲôٴαɳƶɬĿޱȾ
Ǹζʲôĳ޷ֽ̱ﳹʧȥ˹ܽԼҪǺҪȥӳƽһס
ȻΪСûбɱ𣿡
֣üͷľҪǰոͻȻʧСۻ塢ҲȽС˵
ͻȻ˭ĶԽ˵εεε
Ǯ޽ܷӦ˺һŷĶԽźͨһҲ취ǳȥɣ
飡
ײһʲôըǳҺƿ¥Ҳ֮ҡ
ڣҵġ
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ȥ±
ڳѧʿĪָвˬۻһͽ˦СϣһҽСֱӻҷ
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ۻҧҧС˵ɱģֻҪΣ
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ȥ
ٴظȻЩ⣬ظոջһۻһҧҧҲûִżȥնɱǸСüͷȥԱȴץ˸ա
ô
뷢ֻͨԽ˵ֳܿȴʲôһ㣬ƽ˵Ĳǡ
ʵϣĻﲢû͸ʲôЦȴۻܵĺܣܾǱᡣ
˼˼Ǹûǿ
ŻǮ޽⻰Ҳ֪žҪǰƫƫһǰСĲˣſ˻
оԼһſǮ޽ҲҶ࿴ԼĶʵѾеڡ
ǹ
˶СһĻͱعޱȣһ
߰ɡ
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ûΪŹҪ׷١Ѷֻ󣡵ðգһ㣬ֱɱ
л˵


39 
ȻǺܽ
ѧҴĵ伮˽, ܹƾԼɱĹ֣ߵˡ죬һ˼ҳ, Ͷ˴ԴٮٮߣҲˮ׼ȻǲǷġ
ԽȻЦ, Ц, ֮Ƕۻ壬˵ޱȵϤ
ۻû뵽Ȼһ˵뷨, Խɵ
Լ涼ûмε֪Ĺ, ôͨһССĶԽ·ۿһ㣡
𣿡
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ө֮, ޷ԡ
ûۻʲô, ʵֻ㷢ɢһ˼άȤ⡣
, ҲԼҲɹ𣿡
ʱ, ̹Ȼؽܱ⴦𣿡
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Լ磬ֻЩߣƼˡ
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ôֺܺ˵СһᲢۣ
м⻰˼
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ٶȽصʵָӳ
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ҪѰǺźľŷ󡢳ԼۢΰԺ֮лŶӵΪҪҾȫһٴȼϣȵĻˣ
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ǸڵСǸԱ˳ȥݲ½׻صȺ֮СǸǮ޽ܵ˻һѶԱ뱧סҲûƼʲôСơԼ
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椣ܲĸ߰ﵽǲСĻǺüأ
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̷ҲɵӣڲԡŮϣϵᣬʼϸϸѯʡ
һʼ椻˵ҲԼ֪˵Ǻܵù飬л˵˵ȥ˶ῴ̷Ҳֻ԰ְ˵Լ۸ˣ˵лԼԼͷץ
һߣڵСӰ䵭࣬ûʧȴҲûѡ·ǾǸСһ㣬һֱǮ޽ܵĻﲻ֡
ѲɣҪǮ޽ˣ
ͨ˽ӴҪմȾģմȾһù죬ɹɹ̫ͺˡ
մȾˡ
ʵϣڵǮ޽ҲȷоԽ䣬ô̲ס˸¡
͵͵ƣһǸеֲġ̣Сյûһãʲôӡ͡䶼Ѿ̫ˣɫȫȻûƺһͻºɫĽɫƤ顣
ƫƫСһֱ͵͵⿴ɫ۰סɫԲͫҪСϹƻܿɰڵֻ˾ÿֲ
Ǯ޽ǷҲǣҲǣֻؿԼҶӳӳ
¥˿Ĺӳƽ˵޽ڻŴǱСʹ۾
û취ԱֻܿǰĹٷʿѧСӡ
û𸴣ոձŮߵϵ̷һֻŭϻһ˳ȥץסվڱϵлһƣ
ƹأֻкһûվֱˤ˵ϡ
̬ҶŮ
в˵ǸɵӣȻôߣ
ÿ˵һкϺݺݵһţһԵлĸл˼룬ס˼̷ǲǷˣ
̷ѾۣŹлͬҲǺݺһţĶŶӲǰ
ٸҶҶӣҺƴ
ţ
ֻǺһ棡ûʲôǲҪԩң
ڵʹشлһһ߽͡
ڽƱ̷Ӹըߵȸӷͷϲȥ
ΰק㷿£Ǻ棡ҲôвУ˾͸ȥ
Χ˶ˣҲ߰кڲסı𾪡
лͬš
ڵϴлȴʲô˵ˣֻǲġ
Ǿôɵţ
űֺģСҲûѧСӵֻòͷֲؿֲ˾͹Լˡ
ͨƵʵʱۿֳĹ˳۾ָڼûţܿҪݡ
ڿϺ󣬹˳˳˼
֪ѧʿ̫УҲֻεط̾ѵҪְֵһʦ𣿡
ʵе鷳ء
˳еĶԽ̣⣬ǽ̲
䵭˵ſƿ̱Ļ˳ΪȺνѧӢӴ󶼴ûˡ
˳ûκεѧı죬Ҳδרҵѧϰص֪ʶκ鲻Ƿ⡢⡢⡢һ򵥵̡
Ϊʲôⶰ¥й
εġǱڴ˴áΪʲô¼
Ⱥֻ֪򵥴ֱ˹ȻɱȽǺǻۡ
ôЩ˻νľӢԼأ
˳Щ벻ͨЩ΢΢ִûԼе顣
°֪ͣܶ˶ڵ֣Ҳȷ̫ˣ˶ܽ
ôʱĳλ˺־ΰⶰ¥ǰϸϵֳ
ʮǰⶰ¥һһк
ʱΪ¥ס˽ҪԱȾԼڸָ뷨¥ϻûߺǣϵʱʱѾܴûܾȳһ˴ڷˣ½ʵ
û߱С½ʵ
ԣִǱ˾ȳôɢ
ӳĻ֣ͨʵСΪʲô֡
ʮǰⶰ¥֣˵ʱ½ʵľƲʵھոһĶȥתС¥
ţǼһ֡ˡͳʵ½ʵʮǰھӡʮĻ𳡡
м˼Ұˣµס룬ҡлҵȻסš
ԳЩ˲ϵáھӡȴԼסЩҲ½ʵԼ
˵ףСܹΡǵҲⶰ¥ʮסǻ۵ìܡ
½ʵ꣬˱ܹȥʲô֧һֱ뿪
ǻºԼĶġ
ΪʲôҪⳡΪʲôӦòʶǮ޽ܲϷأ
ѧСӵĶԱüͷҲʼ˼׼ûвʲôǲ֪Ľ취ء
Ҳһִ
־ΰ·Ѿ½ʵϢ˵ϣĲ롣ܿǸĺӣȴޱ۶ԷҲϣܹԲΡ
½ʵİְҲһԱ
־ΰƽȴѵ˵˵ϢȥְһԱڷֵһ죬İְطȻûܸϻ
ŻԵЩͷѧСǴ˿̳ĬˣĶƽǮ޽ܡ㡢ë껿յҲһʣû뵽ﾹȻһȻ֪ȴҲսѵĺӡ
ԣҪİְֻ𣿡
ۻ忪ʵ
ѹ֣ԱǰôɣǻͰһԡһ
־ΰ֪˵ʲôСİְִֺܴɣҲʹɢҲûԻ˺ͨ˵
һûˡ
½ʵĸס½־ڰǰһվӢˡûܾȳԼĶӣ˵ĶӡŮĸɷ򡣡
Ϊһֱ飬ź־ΰ˹ٷ³ʱͮѾȫˮӨ£˵ıʹ뾴塣
ΪӢۣƽ֮ˣд˿ɸӢƪ¡
ԡ᲻ٷһλ֣ΪԱİְǲǾܻˣ
ҪԵԼ侲ЩȻЩԾġѡζ˵ʲô
ԿܲٵְȥĻǡ
ãۻһ
ֻڳѧʿ֪ǰ˼ٱٻġ
Ȼۻʧˡ
˽֣һز֣ۻû˵ֱӰСɢˣҲȥ½ʵһֱԱϣֻ޹˺
һ֡Ǹ𣿡
ͮƽҪڣǡú͸ող̫ۻͬѾ׼ϵ˳ѯĳλֵܲܳĺ־ΰ˿ǣֱӲͨ˹˳ĵ绰
˲䣺ѵûܽˣȥʼĳʦһܹġ
ɺ־ΰûͨ绰յǰιܣδжĹ˳Ϣѽ
ʲôʲôѽ
Ȼ˿һֱ½ʵǮ޽̬һ䣬ԭǸˣ˵ĸоȴѾȫͬһӳ졢º͵ǿ꣬ԼֳªĽСҲ̼ޱȴȰۡ
½ʵҲǸӦʲôһ㣬˷ܵ˫ڰ׷۾ӵغְ֣
Ȼ󣬡Ǯ޽ܡ΢Цŵ˵ͷᡢӵǶԴ䱦һС֣öͷס½ʵĶͷ
Сʵְֻˡ
½ʵһ̱ʵѸٱ䵭СС۾һγҸ㣬ȻһΰְֻȻˣҲ
ˡû½ʵرšǮ޽ܡ˵ʹһֱŰְֿǰְֶûг֣Լ˵ίʹȫķʽ޺˵˳
־ΰͮ˶Ѿ棬һһĻҸ˵Բ
ְ֣Բƭҵĺ椣ΪҺ㰡ĺ밡
ȻյҺʹֻҪְֺʹʹȫˣ
½ʵӰԽԽϵЦȴԽֻԼ˻£Բ椣ҲһֱҺ˵
Ҳ֪Լ
Ǯ޽ܡʼºͣŶӣǰһϸؽ̵ӺҪϴҪǺúӣ𣿡
½ʵ˵ͷѾٷԱ˻֣˵Բ
ʱӰѾؿˡ
СʵӽԺְֺԶһ𣬺𣿡
һߡ
Ǯ޽ܡСؽ½ʵ£ȻָָԼıǰǸϷԼڻҪĻ֮Ժʮʱ޿̶Ļ½ʵ۾ϵǳ
õģְ֣һߣ
ԶҪٷֿˣ
½ʵĵˡǮ޽ܡıһڻָԭǸɰ½ʵģװ׾СԲĴ۾ǸѰĻÿʵСк
Ǯ޽ܻعԼ֪ΪʲôڵϣźҪʲô˵Ķ
ɵɵվֺö˶ڿﻹˮ
ҲȻԼı̧ͷǰȥźһһСӰҸԶˡ
ȵģǮ޽ԼôԼҲˣһ㶼ѹΪʲô˿һ
ͬʱΪΪҲͬʱеһ˿𶯣ոʲôǣʱ֮˴ǰδֹ֮ţ
Ŀٴξ۽ʥҽԺ
л˵
дʱΪʱ䲻˱ǧ־ͷˣ˾ԼҲе㿸סˡ
һдĺܺã˵Ĺдˡ
죬ϣ˶ƽƽؼҸ


40 
ʱ, һ绮ʡţһ춯ԭҹյ
ԽԽҲԽܼ, ߵ·һ̧ͷͷֲ֪ʲôʱϻ˴ƬƬƣѹ͸
Ǻ̵߽ܿѡ̻ؼңûһĹԭֵĽֵܿͱ
һһ쳹, ߻, Ҫһ㡣
үǷʲôأ
˸Ͻ˼ĴԼС̾ô˵
ԤȻһ㲻׼˵õĽһ춼أ
Ͻ˳⳵׼ؼҵһ²ţԭٹһ, ޳ҴȡԭİŸظˡ
Ҳв˻ϲҹֻ˯øӰȡ
ͨ˲ͬ, ĳЩ˿ŨĲŭԼͬѰĺ塣
ɷǵ˼վڷǰ󲻶㣬ͻȻѪһԵСϽסڷͣ˱ʣ߳ȷϣȻ󷢳̾ɫɬǱ컹ҪûѪȴʤƵѪ˶⣬ֻܲסⲽֿܡ

һ¶֣һֱֱ, ʥҽԺİԱ, һֱסԺ¥ը
ʹֻԽ, λˡ顱İԱֹֻôû쳣ֺԤ, һһէġ
ĳЩԤⲿţԩţ
סԺи𲡷Ĵûй, ſ粻Ʈ, Ҳ֨ѽ֨ѽ졣
ҽԺĴãʵ̫ˡ
׶һ˽ҽԺһʩؼΪλ뵱ȻҲǱʱֱסԺ˶ǰȻ
ֻǽȷʵ̫ˣֺüζסԺ¥·ûܿס˶ݵĺڰ֮С
ԱǼʱԤܿͨùؼԵҽ豸ͻ˱ϡ
ˣԱҲæµ
ȻҲûע⵽ĲûнʱغãȫţƾǷƮ
Ƿħһҵ趯ţĴеķֱֱϣڲټĴ
Ĳ޴Ĵ̨ǰڵҹαĵø΢С
粻ϾĺɫĴϣĹӳϴ˿ŭȴֱֱֻ졣
ÿһ붼ȥŸָʽıϣеһڵkﲻһ˲Ȼע飬Ҳǵkϰߵĳ̬
һЩ
Ϊߣ㲻֪ش˵صĹ򣬼kĸӦ
ţܵһ˿ʱ֮׷ȻǸߣ
ֻлһзʽǰҲáԭҲµͷǣֹǿԲܳڵkǶԹƣ
ʵϣ½ʵִɢ֮ǰ˵ûôѡ
ڳԱáĻԡģ׵ĿǶС˵С֪ԼĸʵѾ뿪磬ԶҲǶһʱ䣬Сٴγ˻棬ɲ
Ϊ½ʵС֧Ų˶öɢ
ˣûɲ˹Ҳ޷ʮɵԳһֹյı
ǳ֣ΪҪƭҲСųǵľɢ
ڰУȻ˼ףһͷƼ˳һԻ΢ŵСԬϵͳ
ȻҲ쳣
û˿˵ȴһƺ˴˶֪˴˴ڵĬ
˳֪ЩҪʲôֻۣǶ˸˺档
ʵرҲìܵˡ
֡
СԬеһ˷ŭڴߵû»ҰζûиܹΣաƣȻҲ޷š
Ҳ˱ģΪʲôЩضԹֺɱΪʲôҲԹһۣΪʲôֻǰǸȥСкԲΣͱ֡
ϵͳΪǰͻȻֱӽֵͣĶһǰʲô׼
ϵ˶ϻ߳ĲֲƥҹͻȻӴų⣬ҪӲȥ
˫ſʼʧȥ֪ľĳڲϵس귢档
ͲĴڣӦöòŵkУ
ȻΣյģΣյģ
ϣв˶ת˽ҹ׶һ¥֣ʱϵ˴𣬾ȳȫסض̬
ҽպôӱ·ͦ棬һʼѹԱȥһֱûҼˣ¶Ҫݽȥ
ոտ׶Ķ̬ˣԱ٣̫ˣ
ĺܹ죡ʮ¥ûһ˳ǻҲһֱԱԶˣʱԽҲϵϣ
¥ϵģĲڱ𣿡
׶ⶰ¥Ҳĺܺˣ뱻Ԯ
Ŀ+1ͻȻ˶һˣúĸλͻȻͱĳƵģ
׶򣬵Ҳдʽ;ⶰ¥þ·ߣٹ·˶˽ⳡ
տʼۻ˵ǲ򡢻ȡ裬ԽԽܱߵ̻ס·Ҳ֤Ĺ֮𽥴
ò滹淢ʲô濴Ĺ£ȿռ䣿
˵ֹˣ
ⶰ¥ʮǰͷ֣ˡٴηֳ֣ôԼɡ
Բۣû֪˸Ͻ˵һ˵
ڻۼʵ٣ЩסбŲٵĴͣﲻסܡ
ټȺ˱ȳ·߷һϵйѪ¼˲ٸĽַھӣܶҲ𽥱¶
ⶰ¥Ĺ¿治٣ոҹùõıڼȺ˵˲ٰԣ𣿡
+1
+2
ĳڼдܺˤŶ͵͵ﵽ¥Ůھӵļٹڴѵʱŵ׽飡
ĳͯڼ͵͵в鿯ٽֵɶĸھŮͯʵʩΪԷҳҽԺ
ĳϷ޳¥ѻϾƷռáͨͰȫڣʹַѸӣԱ޷ȺڴӰȫɢȫ¥һҪǰ룬յŷķǷ漰⳥ûʧ黹ҪɷԺо
ǰֵĹطֽ¼һ⣬Ϊݻ𣡸ֱץλˣ
һλ¥ϵסǰ¥Ϸ򸾴ìܶⱨſڴֹͣ·ֽţΪⳡݻ𰸵İס
ԪǻھӵŮ˳⹤ɷӵĲԾеȷ¥ھӴڲϵװʵ͵͵ؼзôһѻ𡣡
˵ھӺֱǶŪ뵽¥¥µĿ϶˼˲ɲȴûһھԸһ䣬ɴ¥ˣ
ټϴеС΢˺·һƪСġСĹ¡¥һСкԱְֵĹºܿ촫ɡ
һұҵ˺˸еĽֱȫᱼ
ܿҲ˰ǳ׶ǸҲʮǰһͯĸҲǻùӢ۱áѾԱ
֪ʿŽ˽Ŀªסٴν¶
ЩעĿ˸п۵¼ԴѸڸ罻ƽ̨õ˷贫
׶һıѶȺȦƵƽ̨ϵ˼յصϢչۣ
һϵʱ䣬ۢΰл˳׳
ۢΰոӳ𺣣ͱϹŷֵܽһ٣ŷСŷԺ飬ޱȻں޵ͽҽԺ
ϱ˰꣬ʿƽʱۢΰһתͷȻԼھӡ
лĸлλм仹
λھֶԼͬƿĿ⣬װ˴˲ʶӡ
Ҷ˶ԷϷ飬Ҳ֪ΪʲôҽԺΡġѿǱ֯Ҳûձ溮ѵ飬仰˵
һ䲡Ĵˣ˵ֻڲϵε졣
л뻹űҪ̷ǮǸȴյݡѡͬ£쵼ѯʡ
ʽǼǲǳ˵ĻǱȽίģǼлǲǶСŮлĵĻֱԸĸǰһڡ
ӵ쵼ĵ绰ֽӵлδĵ绰˹ȥ
ȫʹлҲڸо˺£ѧУͬѧʦӦò֪ɣ
ֻѧһѧЩͼƬϵĶҴ̼Ҫѧģ
ǰȫԱ˵ġաԹٴγԵ˷ʢһ磬Ϊ㡣
Ҳ˷аŵĹ
ϻֱ𣿴˵ǲǾⶰ¥
ҵ֯ˣҵһʱ뵽ˣ
԰ţڣڣ
ķ˿ͳǧҲγһ֯Ĺ̶˿Ⱥ塣
עƽ̨˺šֱģв˻Ὣֱ¼ȥֱصÿһϢȴʲôʱ֤
¼ǻرģⷴøͨǾ͸ĳֽ˹ּǣ
ЩǵΪ˳ԹϣҲвпɵĵسŷ
ֱļԽԽˣÿֻôһʵǵȵؽ
Ҫһ쵽ڵǰֱ
뷨аҲ˵Ļ˵˻
Ⱥ٩˺ŷ˿Ⱥ˸ϽȥϿ˸飡
ĳV֤ΪǬŵĻùٺֱ@ԣħаĪҪִԲˣ
һϷӵʷӵд˵ŴɡɾַҲǵ֪ξﱣλճнŲ͵ķ¡
˺Ȼ˿࣬ȴʵͽ̸΢ޡۡ
һ΢ǲܿѵģƫƫȦӪŶԼһ㣬ɶѵתһӾͰȶȳ
ڡ֪ĳ϶ߵаͰˮͰ©Ҫ裬̧Ƹ±е˴˰ɡۡ
ۺôʱںѧĲҲ˳˵Ÿֲ֪ĶġĻ
Сϡ˵ǸûĻûµͨˣñ˲ǹֲߺġ
мǰͦռѧյĲҲǬŵ΢ܿͽٴ˷˼⡣
һʱ䣬ȫˡ
֮ǰԹϳԵĺֵܿĲѿŽľҲʼã˻ǲ̫ı¡
ټͻȻֵ۶ָ˵⣬д˼ʣΪʲô¶棻Ϊʲôÿζ㼸ˣΪʲôÿֱΪʲô˵װصƫƫἰķ֪ʶ
ʱظƺҡҡ׹
˿̣Ȼǹ˲Щ۵ġ
˳ſڲϣΥٴŻѪˣһܵ˷ɵĲϮҲԽг
СԬؿŴеϳֵӰҪ꣬˼꣡
ȻŴվģҡǰڵСԬĸԸҵʹ޷ٴҲû˴ڵ壡
ֺ¡ը֪ǲСԬĻʲôãǾԱȷȶ˼֡
޷СԬĹ˳ó˿̵״̬ãҲóЩ
Ԥ׵ضһ״̬ϵͳڡ
֪ΪСھĹע߸ǲתɶĶ
ϵͳһȫ벻ͨô֪ԼĴڣۿŻһһڵѪ˶Щ͸Ҳ˲ˡ
ֵǿҵĸֵܹһֵ
ϵͳͻȻչֳʵ壬Ź˳󺰵Լ벻ôܹǰ˿
˳Ҳ˿ûȥעƼˮƽĴô£ǰеһǰδе

̱ƺѾߵҪǰĳطлԷɿٶȱ༭֡
¼Լ֤罻˺ţȫĲƲǰһҩִءʣµһԼȫ֪ʶȨ
ȫĲƲ齱ԸΪƽȫʲ
Ǽ٣Ҫ˵ע
ָ߳·ͼϸᰴס
ȿȣ㲻˵ЩҩĶҵģôôˡ
ҵСš
ۣоһ˿Ϸʡ


41 
, ûʲô;ţ׼ȥĶ
˳ĬһϵɴִƤ, ȷ˶ԷͼһЦ
Ҳر֮һÿ쵱ô˼ֲ¶˿쿪ķʽס
ļ磬ʾԼ
˳о, û취ϻرʱ, жķʽûԼ
ľ˳СذŻصϡ
֪Ĩɱ, õôãҲûҪ, ⷴ˵ľûΣա
ܵ岻ϴĵų⣬ǰĹͳ˱˸ƣ۾˭ϲѡ
ΪǸعصߣۡҪųֱ꣬곹/
ԲһصkԸ
˳ǰܷǱĬòϵϸ΢仯ȻҲע⵽˴˿̲ϵؿںȻֹͣŲﻹŮĺҲһƬž
ӦϵͳСԬҲܿ췢㣬ܹʲô롣
ֳ, ˡͳڴ˿̶̲סס˺, ȴֶŴһٴ
û뵽ԼֻǼӴ϶ߵų, ȻֱӾͽԭס壡

kһ˿Ĳ, ܿ㷢˶Էǡ, Լģ
ΪѾ編, ߵһĶǵһ ͬ򽻵ԭڵǡԡǡ򡱶ȻͬȴҲṩһĵİ취
ҪֱһˣkûôḻУͬʱҲûô˽
kʵƬءȻ־ͬ塣
û˽̵ҲûνĴУܳһʱkȻǻɣֻƾֱСҪܾúܾõʱܳɳѧϰһʺϱ걸ʱò׺ɣݶԵùڶݡ
ųߣų쳣ĴڡδĳһпвkĴڣ̬ȳڱܡ
ͬʱȻ˵㡢˵㡢ִ˵㣬ȴǼڹڸϡСҲһ˵kġԡ
壬ϵġƮƮȻܿסԺϷɨ۵µǣֲϵĴƮ
ӵһûӦеľɥֻŭԵЩںУ
͵͵עһ߾÷ˣһȴŲ̫õԤС
ΪkԤбȻ׼ģ
ѾûҲҪܵĹƣΪʲôkֱ
ѲɣߣϾҪһߣ
¶Ҫٶռkԭס壬Ҫֵ̳ؼ״̬˼䲻ߡ
Ҳʱ򣬵kע⵽ߵȸʱҪʵ˲٣ҲȻǱȵkеԭסҪǿ
ŨĹ֮һŵĽɫ棬۵벻עⶼС
k˶Է͸¶ĳϤİϢ
ĿĵƮţ̬ȴǹѲԼصȻһӿͣסˡ
׶ΰճǼõġ
ֻǣ˷ĽֵȻҲΪ֪ںڰĽ䡣
ƫƧһŮһͨŪصԼס·ЩƫƧͷϵ·ԼԶסľ񶼴İȫС
·Ѿ߹֪ٴˣһֱܰȫҲ˷˾裬ûзиӰתӱ˽
˼Ůǲʲô̲סͷ̽顣
濴棬˿ҲǸͨ·ˣ߻ֻģ
ǣŮ԰ĵתͷҲԼӿ˲ҪЩҡ
Ҳ֪ô£ĸⲻͨͨؿţֲ̫õԤС
ͻȻһİ˵ϢǸոǸ˿첽һסŮĿڱǽǽǣ
ŮİϮһ˲䣬ֱӳ˹ȵףµĿ־塢ӿͷ
ԷѾ壬ַĶġŭ£Եطͬɸһ㡣

ҪУҲþȫͼ
˵̫࣬һǽѹǽţһһǯסŮֽţôҪ޷˳ѡ
Źң
챻ţˣʷԽֻܲסذԷͼ˷ɾ衣
ǸΪİͿϷŹѾزֻһݵؼȥ
룺󲿷Сﶼǲ˵ȥȻҪĳµģ
Ƕˣ
ֻǣжʱȻһ飡
ʲôע
͵ػͷȴһˡԼǲɹʱǹǿҵıŵĸоֱǣ
һȫë׶һʲô߬סԭʱСŮǿ̼˱סɤӵСУӶҪ͹ˣ
ʷٲ˲֪ΪʲôýӲϵҲȻСǺܿ췴ӦԼܻ䲻ݺݵ̧ϥĳҪλšһ£
ɹӳ˵
ʷƽٶǰ񱼣ȴû洫׷ܱ̲סͷͿǸƺͻ񼲣ֱ㶵ص˵϶á
Ĳ𽥷ڵ˵ĵطóֻ̱ȴ˵Լʲôطոһİ˵Ϯ
˿̣ڵϵľ֡һ㲻ڷŵʷ٣ɪɪ˫Ŀˮ¶ĵҺ
ܹζ
ڼžƫƧŪĪʧȥ˿ƣǱڽŵײϵȫʹ鶼޷ݵʹԹȥƫƫͷһƬҡ
֪ԼʱͻȻȥֻǸʬһšţֱԷݡ
Ǳ͵ҰڶϷˣűǰСеעȷǰһŪϣﲻϱֿµġԲѪȲ̻ӯš
⾿ǹǶħ
ĴŪڹ֮УʱᶪĿֻȫռ˵ģﲻˮҲ֪Ϊϵʹ໹ϵı
ڵҪոձץסŮһ룬ȴ޷֧Լ壬ֻذ걻һ̤ѹζ
Ŀɿڴؿǰʲôһ㣬سͷǰˡ
ϲչеƽ뵭⣬һ˼ɺͲ̡
״̬Ʈ۾ͬǳһףģ״̬ѾȴЩϸ΢Ĳ
ƤůһϾĹÿһٶԵøƲһ˿覴ãҪĻ̬侲η
㣡Ƿ𣿣
û뵽ûܵƣǰҪ񡱡
ȻҵԼΪ
ܿ죬㷴Ӧ
쳣ǿ󣬵ô˿ٵشʵĽޣõ죬չֳ˸ǿ״̬
磬ֺαػҪǸͨ˵/
ⲻǷ
֣̫ˣһֳ˵kϣ
ǸʷٵŮСشӿڵͰ˸ոձ˶ϰѸ˻˻
ȷ˾ϾҪͻȻܻصߺݺݵ˵ϵ˺üŷ¶ı飬ֺܿ콫ǷĸӵһߣĨŸոյľ˵ոշ顣
Ϲһ޵ĻȣŮϾͻᵽɳ˵ŷһС
ŮûԼװϵӺƭٺݺݷܡ
Ȼ󡪡¸ҵվȥָϷߣ
ֻǣԼȻ£ô֮֮׻ǲ̿Ůٶ¼ӵĥ
:ȸô£
ϣٴεѣֻһСָ
Ҫб£еվö˾վѴҵ£
ͻǸöͷβĶҲõõеľ
ȻʲôѧⱲҲţŪ̫ˣ
ԽԽĸķ˿ЩˣͼøͼƬЩˣĿǰΪֹûһȴЩѹڳ֤ݣֻ˵ƭˡа
ֽȻìܵ۹ͬѶЦˡ
ѣ˵ı¶װģ˵а˵ǵСģ˭˵ĲǶԵģҪȻԼȴһܣ
ĳʲôĳĳɡĳĳʦ֤ĺŸ߸ϵָ㽭ɽɶѵӪתдܵʹеС΢³áķǳúţܶ˶ͷ
ǡ˹Ҫ
ǰܹҲؼʱվ˳ᶨЩһһ
죺˭˵ֻǵСģԸǧ򿴿㼸Ｘ
ư˵ƭ˵ģ֤أͷֻ̰Ҫտ˵׻ˣ
棺Ƕ˵裬ΪǮƣĺԸֱ𣡡
Ҷɣոսνˡš֣ҶɴԷؿһգ˭б¸ս񼣣
ͮûԶ֪жǿж
ǰøոյףͮϵս̲סԼ˽˺ҲȥԮһЩ˸֪ж
ϣͻȻ飬Ҹ˵֪ͮǾ乧ϲϲ͸п
йصĴ밸ͮѾ׵ŷı£ǰҲΪһöС˿ȻǵصЩڦ
俴ĳЩѧʿͷиҪըˣ

գٷȷǲ̫ӡѧ硱ⶼԭģ
ȶشӦ÷ΧխѲⶼѧһֱĹؼԭܹ֮ȶмѭĿƼȻӺʱϹȫڽճĴС
ЩΪ֪ԭͮǸʱŴӱ˿е֪
ʿͳɴеڲʵҲɽͷˮ׼β룬༫
ǰΪĳЩָߵġµ͵ġӡ˵㱾¾ͿͨˣҪԿٷġӡŪ飬ջǹٷƨɡ
ǵ̬ȻҲ͸ˡ
ֱȲƼãӻǹߵǣ
ͮеĲԣ־ΰ˲³Ѿյص鱨档
ϸոտ־ΰύĹھ¥¼Ľ᰸棬ֻ֪ѧСӵı֣Ҳ˽ȫĻ³ٴȷǱ컹ԣԶʤЩˡ
ٿЩ˵İϷ³һҪˣ
ٷѾֵ飬ص۲ͱˣֵõ˵ģν۲켺
ǣûǵ˵Ȼֲٸո˺ͻȻûˣ
ûӣˢһ΢
ٷձУϲ͹עǧƽ̨½ƽ̨ȫ;ƳǧԪˢ˸ҵĴƼ¼ʼչע¼ͶƵɣڶ°ṩҪΪޣ
̬һƽ̨롣
ԭڸĸ˺ͻȻ伣ԭҲһɨգǱѸɾֻ¸ոջͼֻظһ±ơ
ʲô
ոظǶأ
û뵽ٷȻֱϳǻĳЩֱӳ˪ӡˡ
вġΪѧڲ飬ŮˣȻҪеٷӦýǻԼȴԼͬ
ʦ壬ˣʦϾҪˣ˵Ҫʦţ
ʦٷˣ˵Ҫ̸꾰ٵ飡
˵ͽΪҪ˼Һ£ǶҪ㺦ˣ

һͷ˵kֿɻͷĽ
ΪȽϰѧϰɣǡǰռޡޡޡޡħ޵Ķ걸ҲԲͬԵзʽһо
ԭĲ¶һòЦݶǫ˵
ԣûû
ֻСо
Ȼ˼ʱ״Ʋ
˵޵ĹΪԭҵ
kܱ곤ЩǸʢͷĺöһЩ֪ȻҲһЩ
ظлԼǸɨʣ΢΢ĽëֻȵЦʱоԡ

ʲô˼
ʱ۵ĵk˸дʽȣȴѾĳֲصüĶ⣡
գ۾ʵЩǰ磬˳ٴĵؽ϶еĳʡ
ѡǾֻΪϰˡҪ˶ѡ
Ҳȷƽ̶࣬һ仰̲޵ζ
˵ô꣬ȹסԼĵԭƵȻˮɣ°빦
ȷϲˡ
Ϊ˲ﶼƺܵصϲΪΪ˶ڣܿܿԲ㡰ΪΪˡ
ûģԵıεչ¶ǰͬʱõĸ顢еƷ¡صϡ߹ָÿƾͬѡ񣬹ͬ˷ḻʡк޵˼䡣
һ죬û壬ʧݣΪǵеŭˡϲͬ顢л
ʱʲôģ
Ƿľʣۻݽ棡
ܵ߷ĵʣ𶯣
ѵѵԼ뿪ԴԷĸžǴش
kԵδָkĴ󣬸ʳk⣬ŵkΪ
һ̣͵ظܵǰδеΣУоʧ֮ǰԤûҪǿֲ
ȴֻͷĬţֱǹɸоɢȥ
ţֱĨɱͷ׻ûдԼµĹȷ˵kе㣬ȴҪ걻Ĩɱĳ̶ȡ
գ޷ޱ۵ĹԼĳƴŮƫ
Ǹʶ뿪ҲڲɫغһǶӮˡ
ƮŻصҽԺһ·˲ˡ¡
ֱƮزƼһֱͷűһơˡͳͷЩ顣
ϵѾܾöû»ǣϵĵЦ⣬ϵͳԽԽ꣬±¶ڲ磬СԬҲȭͷֳոѧ챾ϵһϲȴ
˳ޱɳϣһŴϵˣһ顣
ֱָ΢΢һͻȻվǰ
Ѿں᲻ᱻ˿СԬϵͳҲϽһλãСҪ𣡣
ָӦ֣ؿڣĽëϵ۾
СԬϵͳްٴĻ޿˵ˣǴɵ֮Ļ
ԭѾƽȻըһףϵͳСԬϽ죬ĳ˻ֹֻˡ
˳Ϊ䲡Ψһġˡվڲǰǲ֪ĶϵͳͿͬԭһģһƮŵŮǶ̫Ļ⡰ˡһĻ
ֵ𣿡
ϵͳûλõĻ˵ʲôСԬЩᣬȴҲȫȻס
ΨˣŲ⣬Ҫһ𰸵ˣüۣЦ
ֵǱ㲻ˡ
ɢҲȲеļֵĶĿֲ
ԣ
л˵
ǰæ裬ˣ
ףҹڿ֣ļȡ㣡
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42 
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ǰ鷿ĻʿСһţճڴϣһ, һŴȻȫ򿪵ġ
ոôӣҪ͸Ҳֱӿôȹһô
ְҵĻʿϽǰǹһĴ˳ĵǼǱ˸ոշĶݶϵ, ֤ûг, ·Ҳָȶ
ȻѯŲǲǸоĺϵͳʡȣ֮⻹û
ĸоô, оﲻ𣿡
겡˶ҽԺķûҪĽģʿز鿴˽ͬµǼǵĲ鷿¼, ѯʲ˵״
һжãǡ
ڲϣתͷ֪ҽԱ
ҿ߲·ˡ
ʿСڼ¼ıʼ΢΢ס̧ͷʱѾٴеģŵĶԽһרŵŶӣ
ûãһŰ״ӵҽѧרңԲϵĲ˽һϸ¶Ͻļ顣
ֱȷ˵С£Ǽ⡢񾭡ͷûκܹ˵ĺۼҲҲﲡ, ֵĵȷȷˡ
ҽǷ׷¶˸ӡᡢ֣صı, ˲ȥ۲˺ȻԭĶ, Ӧôļ, ǿ˵Ȳıݡ
, Ÿոջֵմ˿Ե÷ء
ո, ҶΪΣɹ⣬һнȴԼ˲죬СµĲλˡ
ûʲôҴǰҲšţȥ
ϵı˵һ⣬̬˶Ҫá
ųⲻȫûк֢ģԭΪͨʵ޷ָ꣬ԽԽ顣
δĳһ죬ֻС£ϵλҲ½½⡣
У˳ȽʵϵѾƵıȽϵλҲʡȻҾȥϵ͵
ܳһʱ䶼Ҫߣϵͳȴʮ
һֳԼʵ壬ҽƼôôã߲·βټ壬Ҳ䱸ƹܵģԷѸΣոֻ˲ٸֵҲȫ㣡
ȻѹͲҽƼ⣬ϵͳ˰죬ȴκɫֻܴͷɥضǽš
СԬҲҵǲ⣬ŻẦĴͻȻ߲·Ȼ˹ΪԼĴ
ˡ߿źãڲš
ֱƼϵ˻Ӵնĳǿ䣬ԭĵƹҲʼһһȶ
ҹڷڰлoһɢĽ⣬ǿڡ
·ѣʲô𣿡
ˡͳ:(=??=)emmmûУûУ
س°ͣعǣκʱ򶼲Ҫ׵Ϊеͬ顣
ΪֻĴ
ȷʵ·ȴͶˡ
⻹ҪεġһΣоŽ鷳ˡ
صϣľñŵȥĸо
ƮƮضĿǰΨһܹʤĸˡڳΨ˳
˳ȵӦ£Ѿ׼򿪵µΣٽоܲܺúøһλʵˣ
ϵͳӦȻԶĴдɺ󣬸ϽͦԲԲһԼľ֡˳
˿̣Ҳʱ䡢лԱ˴˽ܡʶһˡ
ãǹ˳ʶ㡣
˳еĵԣվϵͳ֣Ϳʺá
ֱӱͶŵ磬һαҪ֣˵ʶĻϵͳղŻͻȻ
ǰ˿ϵͳ޹˼ɵض˵λε衣棬ƤҲ˲䱡
ŤŤĻеǺ͹˳֣ϵͳȴЩŤͷ˵
ûȹ˳ٿڣȻһµ
ⷿﻹڣ
ۣȻӵпƶʵ壡ãСԺǰ𣡡
ڵǹ˳Сͨ˲ںڳġǡŴкǹע˺Ƶϵͳ
ͷһ˺ǰϵͳֱӽˡ
⡭ͼϵͳ氮ƨ֮ǰģԼģ
Ĺ˳ȻǱޱĻ
ǡǵĹȻͬԭҲͬҲԶȲҵģߣ
ϵͳ˰˵С˵ĻҪͼռԼߵλã
ΪͨƼ͸߿ƼĲǾԲعԼģ
ΪϣܳΪѣѧϰϽѽ
ǰ
ǸȵϵͳĬˡ
Сôô𰡣
Ȱ
ϵͳûеֵסͬĲʺƨû仰ͻͷС࿴ĵطߴߴֻϵͳŻ֪עˡ
ѾһǰԳģСԬҲͬ˳к
ʱб߽һһôŸŮϻи΢͸úŮ
ֻҪϸǾͻᷢʵòûôֻҪõľһ۾Ϳ׵طֱ˵
һܵҲĳЩԽǿҲԽԽǰԼˡ
ǰͲⲡڵĹ˳ҲڴСԬĿ˽⵽֮ǰй¡
Լ˫ȣȻ̧ͷʹ˳ǰµҩĶ
˳˵˾ĵַλڱһУʸҩҲ˱ΪҩáȫҩĶҵ
Ǿ͹ȥתתɡ
׼ʰȥϢĹ˳ڵЩͻȻֲرͻأ
ԹȥƸʺԼҲƷʵĵҩˡ
û߶ʱŲŲشڲֱΨһӴķʽ
/⣬Ҫȥˡ
ʵЩѡ
Ȼ鷳ֲ׵ܿ͵õȫԱͬСԬϵͳҲȥ߹ˣ
ѾȥطĹ˳ǣδֻȡ
ֱӽΪһŶġˡܿж
ǵ壬г̵ǰڹ밲ŵλˣ˵ҽƷҪϣҪ࿴صһЩ֡
ҽǻû۳ͻȻҪҪɵۡƫƫ˶ʾӲԼԸٷŹ˽ӵָҲһ
һУֻġ
û죬״̬̫ãҪҽԺϢﴫ˳һʱ䰵ӿ
⣬ǳʲô
ԺΪ֮ǰֵáðͷˣ
ô⣬ν۵ѾԼС̤ĵһ С
˳ͷѾû̫ʽ𣬵Ū˽רֱĿĵػûġûҲвٸҽԺŶŻλСɡǰһط
ʮرʾϿеĳзʽǶҲһĸܡ
Ķ˳Ҳܿ춨˵ڶǰ纼еһӦޱȫ
桢ϸµ׼Ĺ˳ϵͳǿ˳һ㣬е֪ԼСԬҲλټԼյСܡСĸ˵ͣϵͳǰ˺ƽദ
ܿ죬ʱ͵ˣͬеĻһҽһڡ
ҺðּˣʱֱϾҪ϶ˣûҪȥ׼һڽĿڴӴ
һ΢֣ͷŹ̶ֱ֧ϵֻʵʱԼ붯վŮЦݵضžͷĹڴкؽԼĿɰԲͷԤһڵĽĿһǳ̼ÿǧҪǵÿ
ŲСʱҰɣҪҲûʲôĵģǿû˼
һֻŶƱһֱֻ豸ӵȺҵԼĳᣬֻո˵¹ǿģزľˡ
ƱʾλѾ˸ˡ
˼ҵλá
ԭŵֻòضǸ˳ʾԼĶƱǲǿλˡ˭ǸŰTɫáϵֻƳ˵㻻λã뿿
˻һֱֳǲʶ˵鷳
ҾΪڴѡFøŶ
üҲǳصģ̬ȣλá
û뵽ͦ۵СȻֱӾܾɫͲÿˡҲ˵ʲôֻԼŤͷ⣬ҪƤš
εһû뵽ôɴ¾ֻ㣬ȻˣλʿٰռҵλҾҪ˾ˡ
˻ǲ֨һ㣬ڵؿλϾǲŲء
һվĳ˿½½ϳһ긾ŮͣαϣͷĳƱʾ鷳һãDҵġ
⻰һƼĹǶžع֡
ԲۣСλ˸òûλɣ
ˣΪͨλģȻǣ
ҲǱЦˣǸDĳ˿˵ԼFȴ˰ռλòƼǸ˲ͷתͷһվһôˣһվ³ˡ
ֱ׳ĻռһιС
ûȥҳ˾æתͷ²۵ע⵽ϾŵֻϾʲô
䣬Ҫֻ
Լ˿˰
ҲƼԽԽĹĻǿӲ治֪˵ǵùǺˣͻ¼ֱֱԽԽˣ
ַҵФȨҪ㣡̰Ƶɾˣ
˴ʱֱ֪Ϊ¼ƵҪعȴ֪Ѿ¶ǰ
ҲмеȺڿǻԼռ˼Сλ˵ʲôȨҪˡ
ǾͲҪռλûô
DϵŮҲ˳ưǻһ䣬ǸŭĿֱӷ˸ۣţҪȻھͽо
ֱɾŶ
˼ֹҪԼֻٵظԼǸԼϸƽ̨Ѿ̽λڳ
û뵽ֻżռռλȻֱ뵽һϳϽסԼﲻɲţȴشλ˳
ʱεֱȶѾȥˣܶ˵ڶϲҪռռͷϣ׷׹Χۡ
ǸˣˢһһŵĹƱ飬ףյʤҲҳ˿
ͷ˶ϵĲΪˡ£ͱ¸һ˰λȻҪкã
ҲǱԼĺϷȨûʲôҪѴңҪҲҪעⱣԼӴ
λָЦݣֱﷴӦҵѣԼλϡ
ŮʲôֱӦòĵҰɣ
˴ߣĸŮЦЦӸոһֱƺƺ̫뱻ĵ
ģֻԼ⾵ͷԲһΣ
ζӡ󻹲Ŵ紾ӣ²ǲ̫ϰֱģʽ֤ܿҲѸٵֱĽǶȡ룬͹
˵ĳλҲڶֱ˫˺ţǱߺһĲ
òͬһϰɣ
ȫĶÿмǧΣôɡĺ뿴λʲôӰ
ע⵽˱Ҳûˣ˵أǴ󷽷λ
ҸոϵĹ㲥ˣͬһ
˵ѧƺͬһϣһ
֪ϼҲƬ͸Ϣ
֮ǰһЩʱƬҲйۣͥûþ伣ˣ˿ҪϢбƵġ
Ϊȫ˿ͷȴû͸ǺֱȻҲ˵θڡǰвҪƤĵȴʧܸ
Լһж
θɴֱתֱ䣬һȷһ
ȷڳ￪ֱͷҲֻ࣬ҪֻԲ϶ֱ
һڳṲ6λǰ˳мſţҽͱڣֱҲŵ˿͡
ѧֱͨСô޷ƥģһȥľˢ͵ĹбֱϷĹۿʵʱȶȵһʾĳ
ĻϵĹʮ֡顱кϷĴ¼ģʾ¥ǲǾǰֱ˵ǼµģиֱʾҪ֮࿪۵ġ
Źϲ˶조ӡԵĽͼҲض˹ȥ˳ĳЩֱ˴𸴡
ҳ˶Ҫ˼¶ʲôҪ¶Լ
ǮƣҵûйЩ
ʱƼһͼҲζض˳ħа
ƺ׽ĸ֣ȻЦˡ
ţЩ˶ԣġηġʵġĽа
赭дɢЦȻ˵η壬αϵĽ
ʱҲڴεֱģǲǺͬһг
ѽǵΣǺͬһгŶ
κܿԼ˺ڹԣټһЩ˵İǻҲ˲˵ע⡣
𣿡
СĹԼӶԷֱĲٹڵ壬ֱĹȴĬˡ
βôĻͻȻͣסˣԴĹڣܶ˶Īٴ֣ſڻӦ
ȷʵԵ㻹ǲҪˡ
ؾԼһƺڷĵŪţһϷʵΪݲ籾
˻һδһ
⡭ô֪
ܲܣպոҲֱɣҳһţǿŵĻͻȻðķˢĸϸ˵ȳԹϵۣͷҲ߳
ܿпθոֱѽŷ˵˳Ҳεķ˿ƽġ
Ϳԩˣ
ʲôƨѧôţСôһŮǿ۸ģ
˵籾ó֤ݰ컹ոտ˵û֤ݲţû뵽Щһ·ɫ
ķڹϴ˳ֱĹ뷴Ѿˡ
Ϊʵ˿ǾûϳλԱ𣿡
Ļһǽȥ֮ǰĽĿٲţ˷˷ǸСӰȻѾǵ ֣
λҪͣϾȻֱӷһƷƵĹӣȥһһڡ
⼸籾ԱȻĹ棡
ˡ
˳ֱȫȶǸ˵òҳĺüƷһԣոպĬϵϵͳҲ⣬ҲǺģ
û˵ʲôֻЦ⣬ٿǸѾ˳ֱС
ԵִĶеԵеԵľ籾ȻݲͲסͬʱҪ³
Ц⽥ɢȥޱȱ
Ҫһ棬ͬɲһǼ顣
Լֱ͸ղžԲǾ籾ȴһ̬ʧεҴææֱ䣬û˷ŵĺ顣ҲʼڣԼΪʲôҪȥȶȡ
֪ߺô첻ǺǵģƫƫҪԼȥ
ûµǼ仰ȻҲ֪ò˶ٶȸеޱȵĺڣ޲ⱲӶҪԷ
ķУεûע⵽ߵŮİʲôŽĿڴ
һźɫĿƣžĻԼһŵŮˡ
Ȼ֮󱻹ٷϳ١յ˿ƣ


43 
纼ҩĽгŨŨĸҩζ, Ų˻ζ˲ʣϲһ
һͷҩ̯λ෱ҩĿϾ, ǳߡ顢ߣĳݡ˲Ρ֥¹ףܹ׵ҵ
¿ª̯λҲʵӲҩ, ÿƷ༸ٽǧҩĽﶼ
ֱӰ̨ϵ, ϰҲĳЩҩģϿ͡Ǻü۲óʾˡ
һ磬ȫ, ǺһﹺԼҩġ
ͷҩĸȤ˲ࡣټҩеˮûж鱾ѧϰʵ׼ȷϳҩĵ֡ʵءɫ, ΪϿ鲢ټ
ˣߴʵò޵ŮһϳҩгԵעĿ
˿ˣѵĳЩضҩĵĲ
̯ƳƳˣûմ˵òȷڣŴ绹Ҳͨˣƾǵľ˴ʲǵĿͻ
Ҳд˿ŵ̯кǣûʲô
Ҳ⣬һ˼Ҫ߼ۻأ
ûֱӱҩ, ˵мĹЧ, ̯ûӦҩġ
³ӵһת, ظʶ, ˳ҩרҡ˵òöܸҳղ˵Ǽﻹպö, ø
ͷȥԼ̯λ, ڵҪʲôƷʵģҪ𣿡
⣬Ȼش𣺡Ҫõġ
ش𣬱ȥ³۾ˣ̸ûþż岻̫õƯСǰ
ţҪĶƷʾõġ
Ů³ûϳϵ·ӣϸԼֱǮˣ
Ҳ̯ЩҩĶʲôֻ֣ǴǴﶼóһһַڱţҡͷݹЧֻ˵ǲߣá
һݵǿԣϧƷ̫
Ļ˳׼뿪³æסɵؿС
ӣ˰ɣҩĿɾԲȥ̯λҲǲ˶ٵġ
ﻹ˵ŰƭĻԱȸղСĽһЩ
Ϊ˶ҩĵжȫ˵ˣѲмѧרоģͷࣿ
뵽ֿܣ³ЩĺڣϽֲˣһƷʾõˣҲû뵽ȻҪôߣһҽȥѹ׵ĺöó
䣬Ͼ˸ˡ
Ӵף磡ʲôѽ
³ͣס׼ȥõҩĸС￴ĽŲǰشڨ
̯λҲ˴ҵкȻľ󲿷˶ʶνף硣
ףԽЩҩ̳ȴûպ̸
³ͼףԽǰոձŪŮǷ˸ͿţСˣôûǰк죬ҪʲôֱҾͺá
³ؿףԽ̬ڣԼ˳ǺŪʲô˲õϣȴһʱ벻˾˭
ףԽǹʾǰ˷ģ̬Ȼڡ
Ҳ֪гﲻ˶ǿСˣ֪Լüʱûκҩѧ֪ʶϰûгԿ
˵ǰ˾Ȼǰøո¹ҩĻصϰ壬³ͲûϣٿףԽżȥû˼Լ
ɳԹ緹Ҳˣڨڨʸղŷʲô³˵ոշ
Ǯ˼ҵүǧðͣܶʲôҩİ
Ҳ˵ǼʡĽ˼ѾӵȫһҩĻأǾøոԼЩڱֹ
֮ǰ˼˵ףԽǴˣ˵ǰʲô߿ƼģⲻϹ
˵ţ³Ȼš
˼ҵǮҲϵģȻҲ֧ţȥԲǮˡңոջŪСᣬϾͱʶˣ
ӿѾԶȥǼ˵Ӱˣ죬Ҳ˼ұ㶮ûأ
ԺƼֺŪ˵¡
³Լһҩ⣬Сôܱ֪Ķ࣬ԼҲûȫŪ֮Ļȴŵ˫۲ٿڡ
˳ֻųʱ䣬Ȼϵߵ
˶ѾˣҲûҪӡ
ףԽ˹˳ó嵥˼Ƭ̣ܿ˸ĵ绰˵һҩƣûþŶš
ףԽЩҩĵľ幦ЧɣǾʲôʲôͿŮѾˡ
ʶȤصŮȫ鿴ϣףԽλ˵еСصǴ󲿷ֶˡֻǲУƷҲǲá
еŵһߣֶʣҡҡͷ
˳ҲףԽʣ˵
£ףԽ͸ոͻ˶ЩΣ治ǺŪˣͷõȷʵƷˡ
ٵ죬ҰѶ͹ٿ
ƷʵĻмǿȥֿңмֻұˡ
ù죬С
ָ˳ټгĳ䣬Ӧǵһûл˭ô֪
ףԽһȴδۼʵŰɡ
ǰǸ;УͻȻй·ҲСײһ£˳һü˵ʲôȴֹˡ
̯λǰףԽϰ嶼ЩԾ˵Ρɻ̽ͷкû
̯λϵϰؿ˿ˣҲƼˣӴʲôأ
ǰֹìܣҲûʲôףԽεؿϸߣƷʵļƶЫƤ𣿡
⻰ϸϲһ˭©ķ
ǴڻѾҲЫƤ˺ö㵱ұġǰǸոմɢҵɹɵļƶôϵµףԽ֪
ϸŤͷȥ˽ԼˡףԽ΢ãȻ
ӣУ
򡣡
ڣϸ߲ע⵽ϵСȻһϸһ̲ס΢΢ɫ
ŮôԽԽ죬òµزˡص˫۾ϸͷֵֹģܾԼܺǰһۿƵġ
Ҳ
عֱӾܾ˶Էⲻۿʲô۸Լ
ӵʸ𣿡
ɤº͵˵е˵Ļϸߵֱվƿڴ㣡˭Ҽҵ飿
Ҽ˵£Ǿϸߺ۸ǰɣ
ףԽϰϽ治ǹ˵£
⣬ϸߵӰǰͻȻڼֲˣõҽԺ˸鶼ûΡոմ׶ϰô֪
ԣôֲ˰
ûϸ˵ӵĽƭҩĴĵߣȻֻ
ϸŭؿŮˡƶһǸĹһ߽绰ȴ˲͡
˺ü룬ŲŵظոֻͷĻ
鷳鷳ȷһ£šļˣ
֪ϸߵ۾ֲ˵ӣոջ̾ãЦǴϢؿ϶ƨĵϵ˴˿Ҳ̲סԼĶ䣬Ÿոǲˡ
ϸл˵ԼϾȥԺ
ٴ̧ͷǸž;Լĵ׹Ůϸ߽Ͱ͵⡭Ǵɣйϵ
˵ͷĵصԸ⣬ھͿ
ˣ
ĿǰסԺ˾¥ϸڵķ䡣
һţϸ߿ڴһӣôҲ벻ͨһԼʱӻúõģһͷڵѾûκηӦҽԺ鲻κ⣬ôԤ׵سΪֲˡ
ҽԺĽҲ򣬻ӵ״һֲ˸ڵʧ죬ò˶þͻΪӪɥʧ
Ŵ˶ȥˡò̫þͻɥĿŮˣشԼνóһźɫơ
ϸҲ֪ǰСƭа취ҽ̬ӦֻҪܹԼӣԼ̽ζҩķϡ
Ƽ˺Ȼóһֽƣϸ߼ֲҶʣֻԽԽֽƺе졣
ԼŰǰ񡭡Ҳһ
ָſƷ˻ԵŮǰۡʱֳһŮһɫߣϳȡԶ
Ů˵ͷߺȻҲһŲͨ˿ɼֽơ
ϸĪһ䣬ŲϵӺϵŮԼϺ񷢳ʲôâһգֿˡ
ţſһĨһֽƾȻĿ֮±ţ
ǡڱħ
ϸԽ㱣ǰϵŮƣͫҲֳĳħĻƣη壡
ǸոձϵͼҲ۾ž˵ı仯
ʧԽǰԽĪϸ鲻Խȴ͵Ƽӵ۾Ƕ˶
ٹ˲ߣһҲգ۵ؿ
ûãھʹϸϲöĿ޺ˣˣҾҪʧȥˣ
ٴŷ޶žۣ˳ϡ
ɫſƣ˳ʮȷǽǰǾûġո⿨Ҳȷƾնһš
ֵʮֹĿƣ¹˳߱κԣҲڵһҲ͸оֽƵĲͬ
ֱӵӾĸйٸܣɫĵɫͼȻͻ˾ءе˻ÿŲеȴ㹻غʹ̼
ûֽϳӯĶ⣬ֱӽԼոгſСǮ
뺯ˣҲ׼ˡ
ͷƳ۹˳ƸԼֻû˿ԿСԬϵͳ
뺯ԼλӦáǿҲ˰ɡ
Ҫ̫Сˡ
ּլ
纼еһÿͻٰһνΪ¡صļʽ˶ҪصһڣһԸ顣
׶̣ͷָĽÿ꣬ЩҲҪ
ָ᯴󷽣˻زҲһּ֧áƲʩ˶ҵ顣
أ峤Ҳ͵ָڱصլǰһӷָһȥϳԸ
˵λ𣿡
ɷ峤ֺ겮ػصһ˻ʲô𡣡
ĻЩˣһεļȱˡ
˵ĶŮ˻֮ǰʫػ𣿡
Сӿڣ˵ʵĻ
ֺ겮üͷֺܿɿǲˣŮǲμӼʽģ˭Ҳû
ʫСѾͷԭȾ;óúǼ˲̫û뵽ȻǱˣֱ̫ˡ
̾ţ뵽ʫ鱻ƯǧСģֱ̾С˵ľӺŮʲôģǲʫģǿ׶ò֪Ǯѳѧʶʡ
˼˴Ҳ̲סмֿδıǧǲá
ϻأ᯺ҪһףǴĻɡ
ܾôǰּҵļûŮ˵ġʱĽǽŮԼ˽ȥʫҲУֻǼֻԲμӡ
ȵָ᯵ĳˣһָ᯷򸾡ֻ⡣ڶֺʫ顣
ʹǰһģһ÷ѾοԼġʫ顱Щ㵡
ֺ겮ûھʣ˼䵽ٵĵطָᯡ
ᯣ˵һǸŮأ
ָ⻰ӵغ˺е飬
ǲ̸ӣֺ겮ʱ죬ǲ̫ͬġ
ôһѪ϶Ҫȱ˵ĺӽ󣬸ôܴűŮŮûأ
˼ᣬٺָһĸ׵飬Է;ȴֺ겮˷һ׮ֲ¡
ʫôֺ󡭡ֹôܡ
ֺڵظʫвˣʫ§ļ˵Ѿ֪ûѪԵϵֺ겮һĻôۼˡ
ֲСӣҲãöѾҲҪעȰɡ
ָ᯷򸾺ֻҲע⵽˲˵ĻɫΣ˵ķŭѿ
ҳĲ˵նҪһ˵ֺ겮ǲֱӿڣֻȴûôڣûôֱ˦¿˵ԼԱˣլȥˡ
ֻıԴŲǱʲôһ㣬ԭЩչķøӾȡ
ָ᯷ͬûʲôθڣĲɵģԭúøǽӷֺ겮Խɡ
˽ӷ磬ָһȥʫֺ󵥶һ뿪
ҲڸҽԼǸ˵뷨µضɷС˵˳
òᡭòСᡭ
ֺ겮ס죬׼˵
ôģ֮ͬˣȥŸո֪˲ãô治ĸ
˵׼˴ǰܹˣ˳ǵġֺ겮ɻǵԼϸ¸᯻˵Ҫ׶󶨸ŵԵǧ˵Ǹ־ģܺԼø㵽һȥ
ָǮϼȻзģƽնרŴ͵ÿôһΡҲǴǰĲָ֣᯷סԣŮһһ䡣
ֻǣһʫûֱӻԼķ䣬ǽֺġ
ոս˷䣬ֺǶĲ־Ͳص塣
ʫһ˿ŤͶģعͷʱȴֱľɬ
磬𡭡öء
ô˵ţȴûƿֺͬʱ鼫ìܡ
ֺħһ㣬ȫ޷ѹԼǰûѪԵϵõҪϴȥȣͻȻ
ճ극ͱڷ˵˵
ţվŵǺġ
ӵؿȻ·ͷԴЩεġŮԼѹԼĶӣת¥ݡ
ģȥ𣿡
ʫ鴹飬βŶֺȰ˵
ĵ̬ǿͬŮ˵ϼ仰ָǿڲŵĵӣˡոմԼֻ⿴¥µһˣӿ޵ķŭĺͲ⣡
ףΪʲô̶һͷôı仯
ǷʫǱģԼһ׽㣬ȻǼ˸ϲͻȻȷﰩ֢ڡٺǸֲѧ飬˳׾ѡ
˵һֻǿܰοԼ͵ǻص˴ǰ
ʫôԺʹ㵽һȥ
ԲܽܵôĽ͸ΪˣʵҪŻ£̫ˣ
ҲǲģҪҿ׼κ͸¶ǲ뷨
ӵȫڡŮϣָ᯺γöģֻԼûʫߣ޵꾹ȻŪӣ
ʫ⻰ͷ˵ֻ߬Լ֡
ֺʱס֣ᶨضԼİְ˵Ĵ㡣
һҪʫģλҲҪʫõһ֣
ָ⡰顱ĻһûʹȥֻҲµֱֻ˷䣬۲Ϊ
ſ˵ʲôԼһĶӺ͡Ůϣȫˡ
ûɷһ˵ĻȴҲ޷ףǡ
ҪǸңǾ͸ҹңָؿھԼҶӣֿѾʮӶŮ
ǾͰ׸ˣҲҪٽʫˣԭͲ㡣
Ļаţǲܵģ
ָ᯾ĻʫԽĬֺ͸׳мѹʹޡ
ǰָϵĸҪصԭȥ⻰ᶨץסֺ뷨
ֺ˵ԼȥһǰŮͬѧʫ˽⡣
˳Լþĺɫֽƣһԥ̤˽ȥ
Լܾô
ӲͷƤԭȵļƻһڽĿ˳׼رݵδͣ˳ŷ˾ôԼ͵ȫϲõĵطˣ
˾ۣȴ˾ı齩Ӳ࣬ŵ˲ܳ˳⣬ǰⶰƻͨı
ֻҲʫƫƧıǰĴ˼¾ȥſܻܲȥ
˰׼ؼҵְԱҲ֪ʲôʱôŨԼȻһȫİıǰ
ĳѼñڵŮų˱ſڣԥҪ뿪׻ǲңѡÿš
ֻʧȥźţܱ߶Ũ˿·ĻһȺ˱һ¥ſһλ곤Ĺܼ˶Կǵݡ
û
˶ʫʹſֵŮóĺɫƣֶܼ龯裬ȴҲӿڴͳƵ޺͵˵ͷ
Ҫʫֻⱻܼҷ֣ԭΪԼûʫ˽̸ȴû뵽ǹܼҾȻʲôƣߡ
ֻһ˵ûУһڴһͣóһŲ֪ʲôʱ˷Žȥĺɫơ
ϡͿҲ˽ȥֻ⿴ڵһ¥ʯʫİˣƼʫ鿴ԼޱȽš
Ȼﲻԣ
ʫ쳣ֻɴҲҪʫŪʲôϷ
ԭѰ⳵ҲƵ飬ͻȻһ˵뺯ҪȥμϷΪԼʲôŻȾҪܣɱĲֱץסק
ɪɪŵˣ̺ȣȴܼ˵
ֻҪϷȻܹȥ
˵꣬óڴ뺯ûĺɫơ
˵»ǾɣûʵĹŵʽװޡǳ˺ܾõζڳġǡеЩʣűصĽģֻȥźţܼҼǿӲҪǱɽϷܳȥ
򣬻޷еĺ֡
ɭɭվſھǣȫĴǹغõģƫƫ֪粻Ϲ
ÿ˵ͷǳģԤУϷҲĻкֲܿ鷢
Կʼ𣿡
ֻ⿴ֵֹ˺ôôĻַʡ
ֻʫΪʲôͻȻˣΪʲôͻȻ޷԰ΣʲϷûһȤ
ҲжĹܼңûһֻСһŮ˽һݵӦеңӡһûôһ
֪һʫɱֳĬֻҪסԼڵȻǰܹӵĺΪʲôܼȥ
³ɵĿƾĻᣡ
ʱŶһֱժ¿ֺñӵŮˣȻöԷе죬
͵͵Լֻͼϵ˰춼ûʵֻ֣εط뷨ȻĿ˱¼ģʽ
е㻳᲻Ǹ֮ĶԼʲô˼߻˵ã
Ҹ˼ֻܼһλûе
˳·Ŀĵйţξ죬幤ѧʼ㣬ҲûеʵҳƷãңء硢һϵйܡ
»Ź˳׼һЩҽơӦƷ
˺һڿԶƮһһ𽥳ǰ
СԬӦþúɡ
̧ͷƮŵСԬ˵ţõ˶Է˷ܵĵͷʾԼŶһСԬתһ
ײ
˺һһλ˳ٳδܼ¶ͣƫƫֲܲȡ
˼ҲǾҪһֱȥ
ֻͷ࿪ǻʵڲڴȥĪʲôϷ
ˣﲻǿЦģ
ոһֱװʶʫûסԾ棬ʫı˼ͬһ𳤴ֻʶƺʲôΣգ𽥷Сˡ
Ҫȶã˵ٵģ
ոһֱĬְԱҲһ䣬ǹܼҡոգڱĳذŰġ˺ܾõѪ
ٵʲô³֮Ȼῴ
ܼҵŲƵֳȻĽǶȣŸˡ
ˡ
ͻȻűֱƿҲ˳Ź˽ȻվһԼһƯĲ񻰵Ů
˴һװ㣬ȫֻкɫɫɫٳֳһĹԣʮֳһ
ŮǴһɫĳȹ˵Ǵǲڵȵƹҫ³ֳʵĲͬɫڳСֺɴһʸУεβûԵҫŵĲϽӳá
紵Χȹڣݡ߹ŵ̬·ˣʱײǰĿǣͬʾԼĵ
Ȼͬĳ˵ǺüŷӦеŸոչܼ˵ֻʣһλˣǾϵŮˣеΪʲôڴ˵أ
ٵˣʾ뺯
ܼû뵽ԼûвԷϢǾֱƿ˴ţû뵽Ĳһλλ
𾪵ؿŹ˳óſƣոջ˵ֻʣһλ˵ĹܼҳĬˡ
ȻûϣѾϵңأʻ˽
պҲҪλҪ˾Ͷˡ
ʼɡ
ǰĳµλṴǣǰġҡǣҲǹ۲Լ
֪ô͸ոԼ˵ϵʧĪ˵λֻܼ¹ţ˵ͬ
меǱƵеǱвòϡͿԼԼ
ÿ˵λǰһƣдǽҪݵĽɫ뾭
֮󣬹ܼһΪÿ˷ƣϵֻбܹұܡ֮󣬴ҿʼҽܣⶰѰ˵ܡ
ÿСʱһΣ˶Ҫ¥½¶˵УһΪ񼫵˽̭֡
ֻҪɫܱ˵УֱƱѡ˾ͱ뿪
ӵиֹܣ£ˡŶֹ֡ؼ֤ݣһ̭ҲԺͱ˽н
ÿСʱҪһ빫ͶڳǶЩףϷʱҲδ̫ˣҪѲ飿
컹й
Ҷ˷ɻôá
ҷ׷׿飬ֻŹܼҲעֱλҪȥţűĻҪؼٱˣ
ܼĮؿƼֻ𾪵ܵһȴǰȥȴͣסˡ
ɫҰ׵ػصŵظ˴ȫڵġ
˿ܼûʲôҷӦҲϽȥԡȻš޷򿪣Ҳո˵һǿֲȫȻڣȫϳ
ˣϷڿʼ
ŹܼҲһĻƯһԵϵͳҲѻλʼֱ
ĵֱʽʼ
ϲؿԼȻôʱֿˣϽǰۿޱȾϲط֣ڿͷˣڲһɲĺˣ
ֻǣǰô˭أ
ֱ᲻ᡭõӽǣ
أ
л˵
ˣٺ٣ʲʣ


44 
ͨͷ, ǿһŵʽװ޷ĴмʮֿŵˮƣڲĴҲоµ̨ڵƣΪеĵƾ߶ֻ΢Ļƹ, 廷һİζ
ߵ߸֪ͨ仹ǽ¥ݵĵطԵøĺڶһȥǲʲôµĶ˸档
Ĵʯǰ߸, Ǿ޴ı¯Լͻͻķ, Ť羰˸²滭ߵͼҲŪʲôֵ
ǰÿ˶, ·Ҫʲôش¼һ㡣
ͻȻòϰߣֱܾ䣿
Щ˶˭, û˿Խһµģô˵ѽ
᲻Աûһ˿ͷ濴ֱһ
ø߼ĪֿӰĴ
ֵĹϣǻ֪ȻᷢʲôֻߴߴôͻȻƵûԤ׵Ҫ׼ʲôʽҲǲ
ʱ, һܼʽ·˼һóһֽ, ׼ַµ, һŮϴ𣿡
ֱĹһ֪, ̼
ովͷĵļ˶ûĶ, Ȼ豸ı
, ǹܼɫ˲ԭϡƶλַôǰ֪˭ĸλã
üǿ͸࣬ȴҲ˵
ܼ۾˳飬ַָֻܿ
ÿ˸ոն鿴ԼڴĽɫơƱԭҲֻйͼȴԳһ
ԽСؿĽɫܣиԲ²⾿ħƭֻǡ
ϵݣе۾һӦǱֵ˲ݣҲ˵¾Ͱ˳ԲԼ档
ڣ򵥵ؽеĽɫмǲܱ¶Լܡ
ܼǹ˼ɸոĻֱÿԼƣֻǾԲ׹ԼκϢ
ʱֵĪⳡϷԼˡ
һȦҶԸ⿪ڣڵһλʫȵǾͰ˳ʼ
ڹĹ󡣳ĵò鶼ʮǸŮӣܹϲ
΢ɬ˵ԼĽɫԱȸոն˼ɡȻһҲĽɫ
籾Ϸ𣿾ȻǹⱾ
·գ⻭ֱ䣬ԽԽù죬һ㲻ҷɾ裡
ҷɾ+1ĳǰ֮أ˳ʲôƣ
·ԭں濪ڣǰô˵Ҳֻ˳ˡҽܡ
ػİȫҹոǿӵǸ֪Ľ֣Ϊ˹ͼıĴ̿͡
Ƕ籾һԼ趨ΪһҺʵòȻض˼Σ˵ĻҲƺʵ
֮ȫװ뱻ϳŮˣɤӲˬ˵Լ鵽ƣʹӣճЩӵĻûʲô˵ġ
һ仰ʹԼݣȴֱĳЩһͷ
ˡ˺ĳ˰
ˣΣɤŮַ
ô
һԵֻ⣬ʫ鵽ĽɫƣԭϷʵûνٿԼĽɫ˲䲻ˬ
ƾʲôʫ󣬻ڹĹʹź򡢱Լȴ
ܼܵͶĲĴߴĿ⣬ֻŰ˵Լ˿ϵݣҾǸûʲôرƽ񡣡
˵ıȷŵķ޻Ҫ򵥣Ҳ˲ɶ࿴ֲۣƢǰϻ
ʫװûпˬ΢΢̣İĻﾹȻС
Ҫ⿨ϵĸжðԼӦǹӵĶӵõ
οǰ漸˵ı֣ԽһսĿ
Ѿ΢ֽƣСΧһʱ˿ͻȻ֣һҹ֮伣ǳҪƹ㣬˽Ŀ̣
ϸԼֽƣԼŵĽɫйоأҲһҪѽϷã
ⷢԵķԹ٣Ҳӳ伲ʹߡǸмǿˣգ塣۶Էʲôݶ˵һѻҲ˱ģܹڵľغͰ
λ͵͵Լ˿ϸûеϷݣͼ͹Լ裡
վںߵĹܼʲôģ̲סƳŮˣ֪ںȴûнҴƾǻϷ
˵ԼĽɫԱ˴˵ıѾ˽⣬һڹŴ͢Ĺ¡ÿɫȻܺʹҸո˵ãҪȻոյĹܼҲǱסԼܣ¶˵ˡ
ֵ˳ڣʫӢ΢΢Щ졣
ʵǰ˺üΣʱڱֳʱ־ϡ֪˳ӵжʿѧλ̳Ⱥǵӣҵͬ츳ˣټòļӳɡδйţʫ˻Ǻкøеġ
´󲿷ֽɫѾˣ˳϶ǸӦҪĹɡ
ʫڳˣһʱ侹ִ⿨İÿ˵ĸԡص㷢ŵģ硪
ǹĸ󳼣ӵȫڶߵȨҲǹΪεˡκʱܹ²ϲá۽ӵʲô⣬ؽ
Ź˳£Ҳʣһҡϵǹ
ʫıƬ̵ŤôҲ벻Ȼ鵽˹ƣ
⣬һ㶼׼
Ҳû뵽Ǹм˵Ů鵽˹ĽɫɫĵλߵͲʲôǲȴҲûô⡣
ֱֻĹٴοڣڹҽ
鿨ϷҲҪߵλġ
ǸʹӵǷްɣϳˣϴ
ûзü˵ı鶼еֵֹģо˱˴ʶһĲֲò棿
֪ǵһһκһ˿΢Сı鶼¶ȫڵĻ۽£ϸšܼҡɼⳡϷ
ʱҲֵⳡĪֱķ޾͹˾ڽϵľˡ
ô£Ź˾˽½Դڼǧ˶ڿΥԼ𣡡
ϰڵ绰ͷʷ޵ľˣŷǲǽӴ˱ʲô˻ԼӲˣͲˣǽӻ
һ֪ķޣû
ͬ޹ѹ֪ΪʲôͻȻֱȷǹˣ˾ԴҲԽԽ١ҲûںԼڹȻӱĹǵֳȶȵֱ䣬Ͻϰ
û˽¸ϵҲû˵ġոҸ޴绰źŲ̼ͨ򣬵Ȼһͣ
ϰ绰̴˷޵ֻȴʼǻеʽĻظĵ绰ʱ޷ͨԺٲ
ǰֱ棬˿ƺûʶڣװڲ뱻ϳԾ˽״̬ķԽòԡ
뵽ѧǰȦﱻ߶߶˲ɺ
ޱҲҪ˰ɣ
Ƕע毺ãǶҪ˾޵ġмŮΪõȫߵĽɫƣΪȻ˵˲ʱû뵽߲˵Ļ
ÿɫ϶ܣҳ˵ܣСʱͶƱһ˳֣µһʤ𣿡
ĿĵѰ֤ݣûҵ֤ݵ˳ΪյӮң
ذŪԼϵĿƣ˶Ψֱ˿ԼĵƲͬôνϣλ˶̲ס쳤˲뿴дʲô
ʵûʲô˼
ԶϷ߸еֻϷҲԵȤȱȱ
˻һҵɫҲЩ죬ǰֻ֪ԼݣͷӬһȥұ˵֤ݣϷȷʵЩ졣
뷨ոӿͷͷ޴ˮͻȻͷ˴̶죬ʯ֮ͷϵˮ׹ֱֱŵþ˶۾ѾѪȿֲɥֳ
ʫҲס۾µͬʱָеһ⣬زҲûݡ˰ɣ
֮Уˮصڵϣѵȴû˸ղżŮĲҽС
ֻǿס£Ҫȥûг£һ䣺Ϸڼ䣬¥Ѳֹ뿪λŵջ˽š
µػۣոĿ»ȴûг֡
ˮ׹ǵҲȷڵϵŮúõģһ鶼ûСϸԭǰͬһ˽Լķ򣬲žһ
źûŮһѵĹܼ̾˿ʲôûһвϷȻ⣬עǵС
ѹûովջĹڣ
ͷ˵ĺŶ
˭ǰװƵģ
ҲԤҪСԼ˵ÿһ仰أ
˳¿˿ͷϵĵƣղŵԲ⡣
ȫ˵вֻ૵̭˻ΣӮֻΣƺѰ֤ƺȫһ
ոջԥҪҪԱֵֻ֪ش˸
ǰϷⳡ˶ô죬Լ̭ˣĿ˳˳ĳȥ
һûоߵϷľǻ๥Ȼѡ˶
ܼؿ˿ֹĻԽ
ڣǰ¥̽˵ܣ֤ݽ¶ӦñͶˡ
ӦñͶˣ
˷˼Źܼ仰󶼴ǸһֳֵˣֻҪҪȿ˵һ˵³
ܼҵӰܿʧ˰ֻ⻹Щĵȥ⿴һƬ·ƻ˿ղôȴĺɫøŨˡ
ȡǲǲ¥
μȥʫ󣬺Ȼű˳ŵжػ
ֻĹ˳ϵá
Ȼֱʫ顢ֻǰˣûˣȻεǵ¥ݡ
ͷβûиһڶ¥Ȥص˵ִļٰťǰŵϸ΢ǸεŮֱӳԼ
ֱĹɿû۳˭㣬ﲻѾǰľע⡣
Ҳ֪ж󣬼ֱͬСĹŴǱ߸߳ȣʯͬ¥»һµĹڻŲʻ컨壬òѶ·侳ξĴ﾿Ķ
ܵƿһȷžͱ澫¶ݻװˣʲôͶʼĽĿҲֱ̫˰ɡ
Լеԣֲϸ룬ֻһѲ뿴ܲҵĳλҵġС
ܿ죬Ϳ˹ڷͻһһŮͷվߴһĿȻ֪ǲΪҴ룬˵ϵķλ滭ļΪȴǿŵģûһ٣տķܾëëġ
Լҵ˹ң
һһߵңױ̨ۻҵĸ鱦ʱ۾㱻ϹˡϸָǼ٣Сĵؽη˻ȥ
˵ⷿ͵͵һѵͷԼɵעһоֹ
ٴһ鱦ΣٿЩʯĴСβпôһױ̨װƷ
ٴ򿪱ϵĹӣθǱסˣǰֱǼŮе¹񣬲ĻҪûʣ
ۿȥޱȸ߼󡢻ȹӣθǵļֵһ¹񣡻ǸָĿΡȹӣҲܲǹңԼķ䡣
ڣ˶ԱʲôΡ·мֵһš
ԼĸסͨţԼһͬԼѵż
οźһϾɵֽЩ꣬ЩδҲ̫ˣдһѼëƤС£иޱʫ衣Сʱʱ䣬Լҵɫص
Ҷ˲ͬķ䣬ʫҲܿжǡǹ鷿
ԼһҪҵܣһҪҵûʶԼȼյļʡŭֻŵ飬ޱȼеڷĴҷȴǸֺĹģʷ
˳ϯͬϵķװԵĸʽ/ǹԼûûĵ
Ůַ޿һ䣬ƾɵѹûмҾߡϷżƹӡһǲϯ֮Ķһѿ
ʻοķ䣬䵹ʮ࣬ӳΪԵĿס彣мȴҲƷȴûмŷңǿԼơ
һţȨκһλƽΪ£Էӡ
ڶţݺƾĳ˵֤ݣԷ
ţƲáֱָκһ˱Ͷ
էһԼƺʵǿ˵Ȼ˲˵ˡصӰ߿ԿϷľƣ˵˸Ϊ
Ĵ߹ǳĻȣȫ˽ɫƵƣôŵġ
Ȼڤڤ֮УȻǸоʲôЦ𽥵ȥ
ֱͨ棬λαַңһ¶ϲһּæʲô͵͵ؽ
ֱĹҲһʼЩݼãôھͷǰһ۲ͷȫ̲¶ţġϸ˼֣ܿͺˣ˵
ֱԽԽˡ
ͻȻеĵƹ⡢ͬʱϨ˶˺ڰ֮У
ŮµؼôûˡһԲ˸佫Լ˳źڰ˳ȥ
ԤСʱѵ죬ˡˡˣܼ˺ëҲͬʱصڱ¡
һιͶʼ
»صеĵƹ⡢ָԭӵߵҪǲǵƼװķ򣬿ɵԴһƣȴͨ
ҵĸӳˣǾһϷ
½½ˣصԭλϣҺȻֺһˡ
ʫãȻؿſŵԭֻǸλãҲѵոҵӳȥ⻹ͦĸԡ
ϼӿԽ׵ɫȴǡ
Ҳŵػ࿴ű˴ˣ˸ոһֱȫֵĹܼҡ
ܼҿǻ־塢ꡢɻı飬¶˽ĵһƤЦⲻЦЦݡ
ƽѾǵеһ˽´
ڣʼһֹͶ
ֳ˰ֱĹǶˣʲôƽһ˽´ˣ
ȥĶˣǰΪʲô֮ǰûиֹ򣡡
ʫϾֻͬСһ𳤴ŽģҲٹ˲ϱģҪסܼѯֻȥĶˣ
˫·ŵϵϡ׸ļѼʫȫȵĿ־ӯȫоԼٸǰ˵ɱ
λȻǱ̭ˡ
˵⣬ô򵥡
ʵɨˣֻߴʱųƬ̹˼ɣߴŽȡ
ԣڿʼ˵ҵ˭ܣҪҪͶɡ
ʫ̵̻£ڷԼƺԼ뵽һ޷ĵط
λڲϴԼһաա
֮ͬǰһһڵˡ
һֱֵ͵ķȴͻȻָһˣҡҵܣ
ָе
һʱ䣬е۾
ţһûбָϵ£طʣŶҵҵʲôܣ


45 
ոֻ˱֪ʲô˴˵ġƽ񡱷ķ޿ָϵŮı, еȥˡ
˶Ĺܼɫͻǵ۾ֻӲͷƤ˵ȥ
ӦǸӹ޵ľҿƽķ伸ûһֵǮĶ, һżֱ˳Եʳשͷһ澹ȻľмСʯӣ
ޱΪԼķ䶫٣ܷܿõ֤, ȴԽԽ
ƽķʵ̫ƶ, ҡιСȫͬһСĿռҵ˿ܺüЩۼȴΪ̫, һûҵֵϢͬҲûν֤ݡ
¥, ڡݡŮͻȻһ
ҲƽķֻΪ˰ʾͳߵĺڰ
ҪȻʵ벻ˣ
޶˭˽´ˡƽ񡱺ͷֻȽԼ뵽ĶʵһͶ˲ԼУ
ʹӡļ٣Ҳ˼ܼԴʻûҵ˱˵֤ݡ
һԥؾűƺΪźͿֻŶİŮԥ
Ҹոաȥ, һܡ
ȻȥԼķ, ʫ̧ۿԷ, Թ񿴵д˸, Ǽ˵ȥ
ҿд˺ܶʫ, ʱǻ, ҫԼֵõʲô鱦ΡƯ·˶󡣵м䣬ЩȴԹǷŭ
οǸõɫƵŮзԷϷƵģ񡢱鶼ʼʱ˺ܴͬ·İԼ˹Ŵ͢µһ
дʫԽԽˣһ˵Լ֡ҪˡüįŮˡΪǲϲ
µҲ֣ŴС˵ĸ󡢻ʺǹ̹ģҪְãҽ֡
վôߵĵطȫ˶ҪıϢαЩ鰮ԼΪվλŮˣֻҪĲС
ҲѹԼ￨˵ĲԾ
ҵȷǺ͹֮䷢Сìܣ˵ʲô
ʫԼλϣΣƺмһˡ
κһԥشӿڴóһֽʫ˳
˵ʲôɫ̫ߴο飬ٴθܵ޵Ŀ֣Ӧϲ˱˰ɡ
ûʫ׷ţ͹ĻϿ߲ߣͷҲǽɫġ
ʫдŵС𽥰֤ݸ㲻ʲô֤ݣⴿҥ
翵ĶָңǾԲϵģ
ҷŭôһ仰¶д
㲻ʲô֤ݵָ֤ӦòͶȥһ֣ҵʲô
ʫ뵽ԼڴƣֽһҪһţ
أ
֪Լݺݵصʫ飬ҲЩΡҲƽ޹ˣû취
ڴҲìҪԵƵģ۰Ͱ͵ؿʣˣǷԼҵġ֤ݡ
˭֪ǾȻ˵ˣ
Ŀǰûҵʲô֤ݡʼղͷ
û˭ָϵġѹûϵĹ˳
ʫ鵹ָɸΪ֮ʲôûҵʲô취
ʶһ־Ȼָֻϣʫиңôֵ
ѵԼԶѲѵ
ܿ뵽첻һģ˳ܿҪվһߣͶƱԼʮֲ
Σʱ̣ʫ鵹Ҳ˼ּǣʵҲ֪ܣ
ʫԼɫľٵ˵˹ĿǸݡƫִıǸѪѪĹ
ֻȨڡ󳼻󶼲СèСŪɱߣ
һ˵һھϱסԼһڳĲ˶֪ǸϷԱ˵ʲôֵĶˡ
Խ߿ϵıҲʣҪʹǷԷθĿָڿտıֱĹڶˣ֮Ҳܵˡĵļ尾ʹˣһͬʹ
ķд̾ߣԣϤǱ϶ͷ̨ιŪģΪ߹Ҳ͵Ĺ塣
ʫɤӵߵһ˲ģĻ棬ĿλİЩ˵˳
ô˵ʹӺ֤ĳ̶ֳҲжӦĵطоĲǺù
ңƽ˽´ˣʹӡԹЩӦûȨɣִʾڹ֮С
ҲţйƵ˿ôˣ
ǲ̫Ϸ˰ֻһϷ
ոͻȻĻָأֱĹҲЩȣÿɫܴڵܺѾֵ˿ԵһӦͶ˭Ҳ˲ͬ˵
˳ûָκˣһεĹͶҲǰ
ҪһͶƱԥͶʫ飬ԼѾ˶ԷûҪҡڶˡ
ڶͶƱʫ飬ûκԥͶ
ǰȥͶƱ˱ʾոŮʿ֤ʸ֤һ֮ˣѡͶƱ
¾Ʊ˶һƱ
ʫʱȻټָϹķ޵һƱһ͹˳ͶԼҲƽ֣
ԼҪȰ˵˳ѭϷǸϷ֤ʾӦͶ
ǰָķȴʱˮͶʫ顣
˼ô˵˳ʫ龪ˣΪʲô
ʵϣһʼָϹֻΪȽţҪֳԼҵ˶мֵģץˮҲСԼΪѡ˵ĸʡɵɵһָ˹ͶƱ˲ʶԼһ塣
һʼεŮͺһɵġ
ԼͶ˹֣ݱߡҲĲǨŭԼ
뵽޾ʱı⣬Ͷûпɽ
ڳľ˶û뵽޻ͻȻԣٿʣûͶƱˣҲ˽Ѷ
ȶʣµ˷ֱǹԼͲ滹ʵͬŮԸ׽ˡ
Ȩ
ҲȨ
ȴûǰͶƱ󣬶һôҶû׵ĲѡȨ
ڶȶƽ֣ô죡
ʫ۾Ȼƽ֣ƽ֣ɹܼѾͻȻץסĲһҪߡ
ңΪʲôңҪʲô
ƽ֣ⲻƽ
ץסʫֱֻķ·ˣͰ͵ĴиֱһļƤ񡣸ҪǹܼץĲӾôȥʫ޵ᣬˣˣ
ҪԼȥĶƽְ
ԼҪˣ뿪
κͷҲɵˣǸոջŽŻ᲻̭ųȥɹܼҽһڵקţƾŮ񷴿ӵһͺܰװƷűѪ죬˶ûƬ̵ͣ٣ɶ˶¡
һĻȻЩ죬淢ʣΪʲô̭
Ȩˣȷƽ֡
ܼҿɫǺ죬͹ԼµŮˣ¶һĨضֵ΢Ц
ƽ֣ݵ΢Զ֡
㹻ߵĽɫƣȴĶȫλߵĹ
ţ˶Թ޷򿪵ڹܼﱻ׵ƿȻôͽʫ˦⣬ֺܿ콫Źϡ
Ϸ
⣬Ƿȥ
޻֮ʵڷֲ̭ʲôҲȫȻ֪һŮȥĶͻȻţҪ¿ſһŮôˡ
ô򲻿
̬ܵһԵĴߣһƬĴʲôʲôҲûд
Żڴ˺ѷεؿ޺Ůڱӳŵһ˲ֱӱĺڰûˣ졣
λϴһǸЧãһǸЧã˵ǰ̭ĶǽĿ鰲ŵˣŻǵģ
ֱ˶Ѿ˾
Ǹ˼Ůľٶ̫ѰŮȶѾѪȴֱӽ˳ȥ
˼Ҿ⣡ûע⵽ؿڼûģҲ̫ˣֻץôɣ
ԽԽÿ£Ǹոע⵽ö䶼аɫ˺ܾõѪ
Ҿֱ֪䲻ʲôֵĽĿģûϵЩ˰ǾĶ
ѾڱŮʫ顢ֻ⣬ǰǴǰǧݵļǧ𣬺ã޷ΪʲôûһľȲǺ
ļٵģû˶Ľã
Щ˺Ҳ²ʲôأ鶼ûˮʯѾϸŸ𣡡
ֱΥسһţв˵ʾʮʧɣҲкܶ˶ЩǽͷݱʾŭԽԽס
ȻҲڽϵƵˣ˵ĵ绰һɫʱ޷ͨ
ߵ֡ϢǶѾա
ΪĹϵصעּˡ
ϤʫֺͻȻߵһ𣬶ǱҪֺ֡ߵļˡѶǳԣģ˵ǿԷһУǲܷʫ顣
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ֺǻ˰Ҳ̫ˣȻԼвֱף
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˶ֲһոյ֪ϢȦһ㣬ôʲ⣬ҲΪڱ̫У˵߲ȵͣµ
ڳľǶϸڣһˣΡ
δѧҵ˲ٹȫйءںšߣһƵUP忴ûʲô⣬ϵļ˺رãر𰮲 
ƽƽĳִ˾Ա罻Ȧǳ򵥣˶ϼңո׶ȹ£ͬ¹ϵʣƺҲûнʶκѡ
참ḻ̾Ƭܾ˲̫Ծ
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רҳ¼Ÿոֱ˵ÿһ仰쵼ֱܶѵ˴𸴡
ûа취ǰҲĻ֣Աֵ͵
뵽ֿܣŲأϳǿơԭΪѾг伣Ӧòֳʲôȴû뵽Ļ־Ȼûаݡ
ԸոյҡҡͷȷڵʲôӦòΪ˵١ǳƽȣû¶һ㼱кη壬ұֱġ
ǸΪĹܼҿǸûзԼȫȫ
ȻԷ
ָǷʼˣдһһַǿжˣ
ôؿʼ˵ڶֵν̽أֱȻ½˺üʮ򣬲ͬɻڳš
ʧ͸ԭҲǸСϺףǰıƸװġ
Ҫ͹Ժֱ俴IDʲôƸҲԼġ
ˣǲӦùĵһֻ᲻˳£һͶ˭𣡡
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˺ü䣬ͷ϶ð˺֪ԼһǶôˡ
֪ж󣬾Ȼôķ䣬෿ҲϢжʲô˵ġ
ۿʱ䶼Ҫ˷ˣóһΪԲεƣЧʵʵֵһ顣
Ȼ󣬷޵ֱ߾ͺȻһͬΪдŤŤռǡÿ챻ŹϷŪʹʳݡ
޴ϲҵˣ
ûΪʹӣȴʹλԸߵġÿϱСèСһֺãԺҪűԼλµ˷ǰ衣
Ȿռؼ˺ƬŽԼĿӿڴֻʣһŵƣʣһŰͽ᣺Ѱһλߵ˻/ıõ
ҽ㣬ǲҪνˡ
ͻȻһŮֱӰѷŵòһͷŷǸŮԶ˲֪ʲôʱź
Ҫ໰ǸߴӲѻˡ
ҪΪŮиԼ԰ͶȥˣҪ˵װ͵Լ
޵۾תšһ֣ûôˣ
Ƶܸ³ɵαڵʲôνϷѵûԸ𣿡
߳ȥǸŮһ仰ȥ¥ϡ
ոѾ׼˵Ŀƴһӱ
һˣԼΪʲôμϷΪ͵ò
ȷڱӵôĿƣΪʲôԼأ
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ͬĵʹһƣ˵Ļ鲻ԽҪȥţû߼û˵ҲӮǵŷ
СʱƺܿҪˣȡ˵Σ
ǡãǸεŮͬ˵˵ʲô򲻹˶ĿȫͶ뵽ϷУǲ޷յĽ֡
ε⻰һȴһ顣ŮԽԽ죬ֻΪ˵Ļ࣬ټսţεһʱˡ
ˡ
ȫѧǰͷոյֱô˵¶Լ籾ˣ
ȻǸм
εﻹʲôϷ֤ݡͶƱȫԼȫ£ѹƵΪ±֪ɻһ˾ȻҪΣ


һ ô£εֽỵ̂Ѿ뵽ԼȥԺܿŻöٹעȶȣ
ԼһҪˣ
һߣͷطǰ䣬⼸õģܿҵ˺üõĶ̰۵˱Թٱ˾ٱżʹӵܣ
û˿ĵطıᡢֱߵڡķ䣬ЩĿס彣Ȼ¶ЩЦݣ϶زɾԼСĵȥǡ
ŸֲԾʵھʹ׿ף
ûʱ䴩͵͵һǶűʯĴذ׷ŽԼ·ؿֻһů
ͻȻŲһתͷԭǸʵľګģ˵
ʲô飿
ڰٴν٣еĵơˢˢϨ𣬹ٴ죬ֱܼ˵ڶιͶڿʼ
һΣ޲ˡ
ʹӱǵеһ˽´ˡ
ܼҵƺԽĺãǵĻҲǰ࣬ĻԼϢͲ˵ķޣֻͷƤ飬ϸ˼֡
Щʧٵ˾ȥⳡϷôһ£
ڸոյСʱҵܡڣͷҰɣ˭ӦñͶˡ
ܼٴλصǰյͬһһ¶˵ܣѡһ
֮ǰһֱ͵ȴʮؿ˿ڣָεҪָԹ١
εû뵽һʼԼͱָϣֻʣĸ˵Ĵˡ
Ϊ֪ʱֻ£͡󳼡ҲΣա
һ֣ǹʹ󳼶ûһͻϣΪӮҡ
εˣ˳ƽùʿѫ£ȴΥԼµҪԶҳϹ԰͵
۾ҪǰŮһȴûԼ⣬ֻ¶˽µı飬ĮµĮƫƫЩ֪Ķķŭ
ǰⳡ־һֱϷĹܼңڿڡ
ܳ־Ϸ˽ˡ
ѹ״̬͸оΣյһӻûзӦзŮں˭ͷŮֱֱŹܼңڽйܼң
ܼʲôûһɱԭƣֻڼ俴ϷȻûн
ҪӲͳص˿ƣֻﲻţһ
ȥԼĿڴָոջڵĿƾȻѾʧˡ
ո͵ǵƣ
δ˳
ȴֻЦţ˫ҹɫҪڵ۾ǣһʼǵƾѾˡ
û;ùһŵηϵһֱȼһգ۵Ĺͻ˻ҽ
νƱһѷֻֽλάϷĹܼڱһС
ʣµ˵ԭǸÿ˶õģڴ˻ǴջȥʹöѡÿϵĽɫÿʵĶʣͬʱǱƵܡ
ǰֻʼտ˵ֱǽ¶ⳡϷÿαɫ֮Ĺ
ңֵеƫƫڵõԺ̰Զ㣬һƾá
Ʊ΢ʹӹűƽҪ㡢ȴԶԼίԴλ߱ϥԴԼСĴھŤ̤й
һҪǵİĿʻִֵسԼƶķϻͷҲһΥĵ·
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˵΢ض˶٣
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Ѹٽεץ˹ذ׵ĲϣһԵĹܼҵħˣǺ
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һжǼٵģ㲻Ҫҵˡ
ʲôʲôͶƱʲôضǼٵģֻԼ֮Уʧ˵ʫֻҲвԼıóѡ
ͨ˵ֻάֲ֮ͨ˵ҲֻܰǿԼѧʿ֣еĿƶ٣ٷųƸ࿨öȾϻƣʱʹûɾ޴˺·ڴһġ
ĿͻȻûʲôſɽġѧϡ
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ĹܼҾȻεŮذв˵ֻޱȻ
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Ҳ˼һ£ǿΪǿġ
һ˴ǰδˣȻҲῴ֮ˡԣÿؿĲֻһˣһȺˡ
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Ҳ˿ܳ־Ҫʱ䣬ּõвԼ


46 
ȫϳࡢ, еĿܳ־ˣϵͳһ״̬Ѿ
ܿڲϵͳѳĿ, Ŵ˵Ϣʵ޲е𾪡
˿Զȥ˵ˡõԼ
û뵽Ǵ˾ǼʮǰǼڲɽһӣѾа
ɽ˿Ҳը˹, ˿ֱĻϳϹܼĿܳ־ɽԼΪĵļȫһ, ࡣ
ܳ־ֻɽͨͨһӣ̫ڳʶ˲ࡣгҵһͿܳ־ͬͬסһʱ, Ŵ˽˿ܳ־ƽ
ܳ־ԭǸүûñҵ䡣û˴ǰĸԣ, Ƿ˲ծӹĺǼѡ
ĸΪӳ󣬼⵽شϲĸ׻۰ܳ־ŶӾʲôǣȴΪĲ˹ĸ̫̫ɣΪǮƵɷǴ֣ӾôĿİ
ûϵ, ֵҲûг̫áڿܳ־ʮ, ˷ױ, βĸܲ˼жȥҲڰ, ¿ܳ־˸¶
ԼǸʱ, ܳ־Ͳ˶˲Թ, ԼΪĿĶĿ־塣
ңǶɽţѾȥڳϼġϿЩīңͽսɽ
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˲ȻҲûʲôֱĻǸޱȲϣݿֲϤİףΪʲôͻȻԼ
ۿܳ־֪õ졢Υķӣתͨ˵ԼõػȥǵԼУ˲۾
ԭͨҲ
ԭԼѾǳٵ˿űʮĿܳ־Īһ
˿̣Ҳвͬ˼
Ų˾յ˲ٵ绰˵Ǿû취뽻ɾⱾ˴áҪͷ϶ѧƺ󡣶ĵ绰ֻһ
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ŸǷʼѾ½ٴ˼ϡ
ʱ䣬ѾΪľΧĵַһȦʱṩ֧Ԯ
־ΰҲֱʱһ䡰ʵȴȾͬѪĹ֡ͬһӽӵ̶ʡͬѧ硣
ǰйһδܱļ¼ûаסǽûҵֵĶɱ˰ոտϣߡ͡Լж켣еϷ
Ƿ±ץˣ
ͬѧ⣬Ѿ֪жôĺ־ΰ̲סпеĲ˼顣
˵ܺǲң֫ӵɽϵˮ̶˷ֵʱʬ鶼ˣʬϻɽϸֶɹĺۼǵķҽĵغЩûθڳԷ
ѵܺûκνҲûرԵͬϷر鹤еĺܼѡ
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ǲǲ鵽ʲôʾ˺ɱ˰йذ
־ΰ˿ͬѧȥооܺߵĹͬпܲǳĸ顢Ǯףɱ߳ĳŤΪȥĶɱ¼
ûȶԷظֱӵǰץٺ˵
ཱུʾֻѾҶϣͬѧɵˣʲôץȣ˶û־ҵ˷ˣ
ֱĵͬݣ1ܼҾȻĻ֣ȡ˱˵ˣ2Ǹͨ˵ȻǸɱ˷ߥ޹ܼһɱڳˣ
δ̫Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ϣѾҲ˿Ƶ˷׷ɪɪرϡ
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˱ûвⳡѾѵۣȴҲš
Լӵ˵Լһѡ񡭡
⿨ƵʱԼںһء۴ǰʲôѾǶĲ
ſܳ־˵ĳũ˼﷢⸱ʱ顣
ɽļʮûÿܳ־ʲô޴ı䣬ڶʲôν֡ΨѧĻ֪ʶһ˽⣬ŸССҲһϰߡ
ġص㡱Ҳÿܳ־˿ԸıԼһ˵飡
ȫĺˣֲڵһѪܣϵ࣬˫ۻǶݡ
ǶǶ˵˵ôת޵Լģ߱˰ܵϵҲʮ죬κΥɵǿ̡Եȵġ
ѾĻϵıܻñϸˣӲдػһֻҶزأùϹ𣿡
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¿ֱƵǸªˣһЩͻȻ;ЩȻζ
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˵ͷҲЩͬĻְ취Чʵ̫ˣҲ̫ˡ
ֻҪпܣһҪþõػȥġ
ܳ־˵ţ͵͵ԼƿơλߵƷȡű˼Ǻŵ˵˺ûй˼ɣ
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ڵϣǰӰĵؿԼ׽˫ȲŮôҲ벻ͨôСôôµ
һ̣Ȼ뵽֫ЩŮˣԼǰҲͬĸ򡭡
ͬʱµĻΣֻǾͷԷ裬صԺûôµĸо𽥱ÿհס
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ϵͳ˷ܵؽ㣬ԭֻһƽͳ
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ڳľ񾯲ǿŸոջڵĺױһƬޣûܿƺԼϵı飬ֻҾηؿûֱ֣ȴһеŮһ֪Ĵضµ
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ŲüͷµȺ˵ݣڰ참һ˵Ȳڣ
һɮģƼŲߵӷһͿضʩɷԼеа֮Ķ
˭ȺΪʲôģžֺͺӵ
ЦЦش𣺡ǰˣ
ɮֵа֮ʵΣգʩɷһۣ
һֱ¶֣С
ɮ̾˿ǵŭĿ⣺˽²ֶʲô
ӳҲ»ڲŸʲô
ǵһӱס˽ǻһֱڰϷ֮ͨаҲǲŷڹǵûƷƻˣΣڣ
˳Ҳ俪ڣ֪û˽¹ᣬڸֻΪɣıȡ˽
Щ˲ϵûдٷƷҲûаĹ˳Ȼ̬¾Ҫ죬ǶɣôΥǲ֪ʲôġ
˳ҲʮָɴࣺҿԶ췢ģӲ鵽ûдκһ˿˽زݡ׺䶥鷳Ҳȷģͬ˵
ʲô˶˷ʱ뾫
סΣЩҡҲϹ䣬Ϊ˴ڵİΣ룬Ҫġ
ȴûиĵĻᣬֱһ䣺ǲңҲŲǡ
˵ŵõʲôͱϽνɵĹءɷ
˳ߡ
ǿʵûʲôãҲܾô׽Ⱥˡ
˾۸ǱԼá
ŮԶȥ˰˾ħа·Ҳ˶Ƶͷ˵֮ƺһֻѣǱӲ̽˸׳죬ȥؿйȫ˽ֱӹڵأŻתͷȥһԲ뿪ˡ
ָᯡޱʧؿŷ·ʧķһĶӣʧ
Ҳʫ£ɶôܡôֱܵƣ߱Լʫİ⣬ҪȾǰʫڵĵط
Ųǹɱ
Ҳʫľͻˣ
ýߵ棬ֺŸĸָ˦һ͵ûô˵Ķ뿪ˡ
Ŵӣö棬ֻʫ𣡣
Ҳӡ
ĵޱȾʵĻȥӵնϢľԱ顱ĸӵİʫѾҽԺȴ͵عڵϣͻȻǷһ㡣
Ҷʲôʫʲô
취õİҲãҲգնҪɢȥġ
һ·˸߲ҵϵͳҲȻӦֻȡ˺ܿɹ۵ĸֵɣ
ϵͳĵص˵ͷ࣡Ըһϰˣ
ͷһЦȻÿϵͳм޾ʵǶԶɸֵֵתأ
ϵͳסˡ
⡭⣬ֵֿûҮ


47 
, ϵͳд˿ƶĹ·ϡ
ܾǰңԶһбãǸϲŪȨġ
ʱӭȢڹĹΪ, ûþ˶ԷӡŮݵŮԡŮƽŮӣմȾʤ
ʱ䣬ϲͬĻᡢԡۿնԶʤȥԼ󡢹ԼΡ
λڼ䲻μ˰, ͨʡ, ɸİ취ѹε֬ԼǮУ˵ײƽԽѡ
һλƽΪŭĳλ屻ԩ͵ץΡĶҵΨһġù塱Թ٣ȳԼļˡ
ԹΪλ巢ǰ۵ܾƽ, ƽȷ˵Ϊ˱סԼܣƽһȫץ, һҲ
գܻǱ˷֣ԹҲ˱ձնס
նǰͬ˽ͨܣùΪЦ
ԭįͰӢ׳Ŀ⹴ΥԼͬһ˹˱˴˵ˡ, Ϊ˱סǵ, ͵͵鱨ԭĹ, и¶ͼıɱ
ͬʹӷ, ʹͼܻøĽǮߵĵλ, ׳Ϊĵһ, ȴɱڡ
ĸ󳼷İӿ̽鵽Ϣ˽±˸
ŭ֮°в֣װжԲѣڹս
ڿսǰһҹյ˹ĸܴ
ӮⳡսҪžֱڹȴܲڼƷնͷ­
ЩŨصԹþòɢһλ·ʦ˶˿ơ
ٺĹ£ֱҲͶ֪ˡ
ƪСġı𣬽̶ʡɱ˰һȶٶֱעǸδ΢˺ŷ˿ӭһֵĴ󲨹ע
زǰˣΡͬȦӵҲ˵֡
£Ǿ̶ʡɱ˰̲סпĳѧˣĳЩҲ̫ߣˣ
̫ˣҸտʼǳֱʱ򻹾ͦ֡Ϲ
̫ܺԩˣȻΪϰأҹʱгҹɱ˷ϣ
ֱӿըˣҲϰʱôϳȥͻһ£ƨ°ͷŮĻٲҵ𣿣
ҺͬһϼңѾˡ˵ǿĸͣ͵͵ͬһи֮ˣСʱڼѧУﾭ򡢱Цܾ̬ˡ
ӰN󱨸޹ŮϣǴԳѪֶڷ
ΪӰʵ̫ȫ¾в˶ֻû˽ѾȡԼˣֳ׶Ͻ˸ŷˡ塱
ϣ־ΰӳϴʵ˵һʮֵ͵ġΣİ
Ϊܳ־ķͨƵʽжʶضȺоٿϴԣٰһϷΪ˽һԱŷȴӢʶƣ򾯷ṩЯƻ𰸼
µļ߻ѯǱô£ôྫ鱦ŴôŪģͬ½ѣ@еСⳡֱˣ
EmmаɡС
죬ͺܿߺ磬ĳ̶ֳת˲ٹڵע
ٷǰͬȡϵϤӵµ˻ƷǼȺģǶٵĳ¼ǣ˶Էͬ˸͡󲿷Ⱥڿֻŵ
ſչĴ⣬ֱƵ䡢֮˵һϵлȡ˺ܲЧ
һǼǲѧǶ׷׹淶ԼУԴˣ־Ը͹ҵȥ
ȻˣӰڶڲرԣǱĬֻҪ˶һܻþ޴ĸı䡣
ҲǺܿЧġ
ֱʮʣҹ˵ЩŮ˻һһʮԼķʵܿ챻Ժд̡
˶㲡ʫ鱻ĸ˻ȥּͬ׶ϵ
ֺͳΪ׶ȦĴЦǰˣѡкøеǧСǷ׷Զ
ȷôһ涼ֱԴֻ̬İ˵ĳЩŹ˳ѹּңλ׽Ҳ¶˾ģȻҲʼ̳ϾѻּңҪԴֺλ
ּʱڣ롣һ徻ĵطжȹԼĴ󲿷ֲƲȥһο壬ٲЩˡ
ָ᯶ŮʧټԽԽ񡢱ԽԽߣЦĿ̬ױֱ̣˸ְҵˣ֪Ķȥˡ
ּҲⱲûһ棬˵ĸֻں޵жȹ˴
ǰͷд᰸ʾ쵼ƶ鶼һһʮдȥ𣿡
ȻѾһֻ۱һֻˣÿдйصİ棬嶼ͷػ˸ܺ˵Ŀƶ
Ų˵¾廰˼
ʵϣЩ׶ס˾޴ѹΪѧʿΪǹ·жֱӽôҪּɱĶֱָȨʧְ
ȻҲЩϢԼ᰸д꣬߻øӱûκλء
룺žĿҪԷӦáҲİɣ
ǲŲȻҪʵȥдҪǰ˵ˡ
ⶫǲû취ǲܹ֮ǰ̬ǲ˵ҪΣó̬ȣҲûǲǣ
ĸһȻ֪ôдˣ
˾ֳ칫ҵţŲ˲һǵˡûţ
ǰŲ˻ûôҶǡʩѹ˦ɫˡҪ˵Щ²νѧʿɸؾȥ̷һҪ˵װ
ԼǸˣ
Ų˿ʮסΪʲôЩҪǾͷλĶҪΪѧй˼ɡɵò׼ԳֵĽǳ׶Ӻӡ
뵽Ųϵı
һǾ۲죬ʵѹ֪ޣѾ˳üεУһӡɽͷŸ˽ġڸ̬Ͼ뽻רҵʿĶǽǰ߻ǺߣɵӶ֪ѡĸ
ɲɵ
Ų˵ֱҲò˶Щ˾ҪˣжǿǵĲж
ûѧﲻ˶ٶӲаǾͲܷΣҪʱ츳õ˴УҲӦúúһҴгĶ˵ڣҲͬǽ󹲽ˡ
ԼĳЩϵĻǰǺļӢӣ֣ɫЩ֡
ѧҲͷѵˣûб´жи˳ӣĳЩڱ͵͵ҪһҪ÷ԻҽԺȥ̸һȫʧܸյ˱ʾԺΪ
ڵʵȱͨ
츳˳ѧ綼Ǽ£
ԣҸʱ˺ʽ飿
ۻûЩôˣǾԼ
ֱɻ纼УפڵԺÿ춼лʿСݽÿԼܼԷ
ۻҪһԭҲܼ򵥣㹻ԼҪָ̡㡣
עֱۻԺһ¥յƽ̨ϵͳʾֱϢ󣬺ֱܿ䣬ͬһĵߴֱ
սֱ䣬ͿۻҵĸЧͷǵĹۿܶ˶ڹϻֱ飬в˵һ˵ѧˡ֮飬ҲȲֱĹֻᳶ
ô˵ϣ˵Ķ֪ЩȻȥ𣿡
һ仰ֱõĻʵֻǵľ󲿷˲졣԰ӦԽ֪ԽðɣҪȻҲ̫Σˣ
Ǹո˵Щ鷢ԶԶճⱲܲǧĸʣԶԶ
ڵǰЦţ̲סǡǵȻͷ·꾭һϴЩ뷨ϴȥڻعƽԼԭ˼ʮҲͷһ˵飬ȷûбҪֵǡ
Ҳ涥أǵǺܺƽҸģ
ˣֻΪٱ˷ߣٶ˵Ѿȥ£ʼֱɡ
Ҳ֪ϵȹǴȤҲ˳ڹˣ
𣿸оþûˣҶ֪ʲôʱԵõĴ
鲻ˣҶԶ񣡡
оÿֱô̼ҿЩӾ硢Ӱ᲻Ͼֱÿ
ڴڴأң
ֱٶֳ˹ϵºܶѲûȫȫ˽ȫ࣬Ҳ֪е棬θҲ֪ˡ
һߺôµ·Լߣһڴ¶̼ıϣʵìѽ
ʾûţֱĹڳȡһ󣬻شһ⡣
ĲƱ𣿡
ʹƱ𣿡
ʻ𣿡
¥ϵ˶ʵҲʣܻش𣡡
ƼĵֻǮҲˬӦֻҪǳĵҾ͸Ҵ𡣡
ѣ
ԭֻǿֵĹ˲俺֮ǰصĴʱ䶼û̫ϵֱӸ߲Ʊнֹϵ飬Եÿͷϵ£μӰ
ǧֱƽ̨Ҳӭվֱڳ齱ߵʷԼ¼
˶ѡ˳˶ŵĻԼڡ
ƺǸողŽ齱ûڴʷ룬Ҳû¶ͺصҪæ˵ֱʷӵһ仰
ʦһϱ̥ǲǶ𣿡
ֱͻȻӦˡ
Ҫ֪֮ǰֱȫԱ˵ġաǲŸľ¥Ǹոսܶȡ˵ĶƣڵĻȴͻȻˣܱܲӣ
⻭̫죬̫࣬ʵ缫½ɳؿڶµûš
֮ǰС¼ȻҲʵ⡣ϱܲкĻò˶ò̫
̶ʡɱ˰ȶȻûȥŮԶΪ޹ܺ߸еʹΪŮԵİȫеʱеûھʶϱǲǶӣôеĳҡ
ôǧ˲齱ô⣬е
ϱŮҪô죿
ͻȻ꣬ôﶼ뱧ӵĸ
ǸŮ˵ĻҲûŪ飬ֱӻش𣺡Ƕӡ
ƹλͦŵѧֱ䣬ʦشϱĲкţǲšôôֲкأ
ʦ׼׼
ˢµٶԱˣһʱ䶼֪˵ʲôֻѶԻ
Ǵʦ˵Ҫڼ̥ܻкѽ
ϸ˵׷ʣûҲӾûк
ţֻͲˣ㣡ôôأҶôûкˣ
˵ʲôʦ϶׼ԼûŮеģƾƭ˵ģʱ䣬ոոСѧϰôֱֻƵţȻûû
׼ҳˣŮֵϱ˿ҵֱһʮֲлеĶϱ˭ΪûлС
ոջƭ˵ţֻԼңͰ͵ر⣺˵ʲôأ˵ľҶϱ
֪ġսڳȴ֪жʲô
ϱûУǻ˭
òᡭСˣԼϱУ
һӴôоĸӴͨһ𣬱Ҫ˽Ӱ
Ȼҳ̲ЩĴ̼ȴʮҵοƺ漰ϱ졢С˽ӵ飬Ƿ׷׺˲Ҫߣ˵ˣ
˲Ҫ˵ŶСҪģ
ţһָܿ򶨣Լոӡϱİֶû˵֪˭
ȻǸƭӣ˭ҪֵģʵڲҲҪĿȻƭӣ
ЩڳҲ֪˲·һ ôѹעţҪúáҴûµļٴʦ
ҵǻӭ棬ϱҪʦҲýʦ
ϸ˵ͱˣһû¶ţǶлԼˡ
㣡ģҿأ
ţôѵ桰һͨٵŮʦֻصϼҵĴĽšơҲͨй˳̹ˣ
⻰̲סЦˣôԼĹ˼άȥȱˣţ˿кǸΪ񶾵䣬ġĻľɱȷֵһЦ
ܿ죬͸ֱǸݳªϸˣһҶǸŮ˵ΪЦҲ𽥵ȥ
ţԼ㱻ԭҲҪģֻΪڴҪһͯϱԸŮӤȥţһΪλִŵͬĸĸһΪֻأ
һֱˣ
ţɴ˫ֵۣؿԼûбڣǸǸŮôͨһССֻ׼ȷؽгԼ֣˵ûж֪飡
⣬̫˼ˣ
ŮѾԹµġԼԹĿ񾹻ҪΪ˲кĶϱ˸䷱ϢҲǹԶҪʧ
ţңµΪԼǲǼʱֱ϶ŴеСֱû˲ƽ̨õĳʾ䡣
ⲻŮţҲ̣ôִŮ㲻ǹúӶ°
ΪȲĻʵϵͳЪḻԼԵȡȣѹ֪ţ⻰û
ûţѣѾ俪ڡ
ҿﲻûжӣӵеһҲȫʧȥ
£ţסֻȥԼϰ飬ϽӴ绰
ǲǸŮҪʲôˣ
л˵
д˹׼д˱ȹ¡


48 
ֻʾĸţֻ, һӷ˲ӿϹͷһ㲻ᡣ
ֱӰģʽֻ·Żؿڴ, ضмŮǿЦЦػǰѯʼô
и̥״̬ܺãûвʲô⡣
ҽЦŶԡСޡ14-19ܵʱٹһμ顣
ؿĵԼĶӶһԵĹû, ҽͻʿ˵û⡣ȻӦø̥ܲ, ľñڶأ?
˵ţصȥԼĶ, ۵Ҹϲá
ʱصֻ, óֻһĸţͬʱиϤδ磬ܿظ֮ǰĲȻֻڴ
мĿǣŮ߳ҽԺǸװģʵڲ˼˾Ǳһֱڵ绰һȥе㹤ϵҲɡ
˵Ļ, һ˿, ܿ͵, ȴҲֻܹԹԵͷð, һȥԺȥϰࡣ
ͷ, Ůͻȥֽųˡ
ֻ, صĲǹ˾
ϣóѾкüδֻزһ绰ţôˣ
ܿ죬ͷһŮϹҽֺҽ¹飬ܲҽԺһˣ
ɫ˲ͳһ䣺û֮ǰ׼κξ
˵绰ŲţڵҽԺ
ûոмزǹصӡӾھո뿪ǼҽԺԶһҽԺûôֺгθǲֹۡ
ӹҩﶼǿƵģ㱾Ƕ෢ӹ󡢷ѪڵĹؼǼٹ죬ָʾںܴĶգǵѾһСǽ黹гӹ
ҽٴظǸרҵжϣò˾
ЩһǰžѾҽ֪ʱϲѯ˴Ҳгӹ֪˺ܾõ¶ġܣǰֺͼ˴һܣʱŻϣܵõɷĹ֧֡
ֻͷɷȻǲϡ
ʱڴһĻĳһҽὨгġҼԥԥȥܿ񻯳ɴӹѣѪֱӾûˡ
ͷܶҲһСģٺҪ
׼ӹİ̿ŰοһҲܺãѹҪ̫ˣȴ֪жࡣ
ŵȷѾ˸Ů֣Żɷһֱк
֮ǰֻС˾һ̥Ƚѻ߻ǸŮŵɷҲԲ˵ЩûĻԿǵ̬ȡǲô˵ֻǶֺ̬һֱ䲻ȣҲŲء
񻹲Ƕ̥ŮǰҪгӹûĿܣ
ȻһҽԺ˵ĵһ仰ǣûǩʲôɣ
߸ܶҽͲΣģԼѾ˱ˣ͵ӹû˻гӹǶѾʮŮӹû˲Żе
˵֮ѿڶǶѾ㲻Ů˵˲ŻУﻹʲôŮ˵Ļ
Ȼɷ뷨⻰ŻǾһʹ
ûӹ㲻Ů
ɷ򻹴յ߲˵ĸʵҲⲡܶһֱûҲûɶ¡ûӦȻ˵гӹڻǰ̶ܴӰ֮Ļ˻
أҵļܴʻ񻯣˵ģ
ضɷǿԼ󺰴Уֵù黹Ҫôֵ˾֪ѹֵĻҲˣ˭ˣֲõģҷʲô𣡡
ȫȻ޹òΪԼʲô²ŵϵģҲ˵Լŵί
Ϊԭܺõģ̥β𽥱мΪٻһֱ߰ҩ֪֪ÿѹܴҪҪæ飬Ҫչ֡չ㣬ҪУھǵʲô취
Ƕ˵ıݺʹ࣬ЩѾҪ
ֳˣĻԽ󣬾öԷԹֱӾһ仰̥ԼͬģҩΪãȫͷˣ
ۿҪֹֻ̫ˣ۾ٺ˵
ι衣㲻ҪһֱҴ绰ҹæ֪֪
ίǼǷǧ˰Ƶģͷǲðƫƫûѻ˵ֻ꣬裡
ֱӽ绰ţԼ绰ˣ
ţ֪ӹæץʱҲǹӰ㹤ģʵǡʵ߷Ĳ¡Ҹո˸ʦһС̥ŮǸҲ֪ǲǼٴʦ˵ǸŮ
ȥʲôʵôһ׵ĹظϽ˼ıЩˣȹˡ
ͷڲϣ۽Ƕˮӣ뵽ԼиŮԼﺢӵĹڸе˼飬Ҳһ㡣
ҲһҪкǾӹĶ㲻ã˵Ů˻ϵĺܿ졣ң岻ãܵտţԺô죬ٹ۲۲
ӻǲ֨Ҳٺ壺һ˵ˣЩҽƭؼҡ
˵꣬εع˾ϰȥˡ
ţɷֹֹ˵һС̥ǸŮǻҪҪҽԺûҲ֪ʲôˡ
³̣һ޹ءı飺ô֪ôģҹܲˣҲùܡ
ţ֪ĸԣֻûţЩʱúͱ˵ֻܶ߶߶
УһǵȥҽԺ
һǱֳʲôأ
ţֻżܷһû˭û㲡أ
ĸŮ˻ܼܲңܲչɷӣܲˣ
֮ǰΪͲöӺ飬ȥҽԺϱţԼСǮŴȥ绰˵ҪûãŵϵҽԺ
̫ˣ
·ϣţͦõġȥҽԺŰ֮һһ֮ԼҲܳԿ
ŲڲϣʲôƵģһ˥ﲻˬţﻹǵԼԭõʲôܿ߻·˵ԼЩڼô࣬˵ǰ˶ǿģ˵
Һ˵ʲôӹǾԲеģ
һԣţȻҪ
һȥĲѳǺŰɣӣҲ̫۸ˣֻ뵽Լû˹ĹѲܡԺòã
ţһĹúӶµˣҪ˳
Щ꣬ѾţŪÿҪʵֻǲҪԼһ㰲
裬ֻȥҽһҪġ
ƣضţ˵ţֻǿ˵Ѿķȫ֪ţģЩÿһһԶظ
Ȼ
Ҫʲôӹûǲͳ˹Ȳµĸ磡
ҪУͺ飡ǼҶˣ
ẕ̇ĻҲɿڣӲһأģصʱҪ飬һ룡
ţû뵽ԼĺţȻôײԼҪʲôժӹֱǷˣˣ
˭һϲôϱ
öӴǰ˸أҪȻǼҾҪԵŮˣ
ҪҶӣҲǼңЩǶ֪˶٣
ĸŮǲӣǣĵ˰˱ùȢؼң
ţһߴ²ۣһܻ߳زĲѺ·˶̲סͷոջȰŶͼ˹ͨİ̸Լؿ̾ô˼ң
ŵѾϰˣڲȻҪ˵ʲôӣҲֻǳ˳ǡ
ԼŮóֻ˿Ӧ׶԰ѧŮƬССȴܶ¡ɰŮھؿů˼֣Щϣ
ŮһҪס
ֱҶû뵽ǸԼϱŮ˱˵ϢֱˣһʱЩɵۡҲ֤˵ĵȷû麦²Żֱ˳ֱ䡣
ڣŮ˻Ǻöడ
벻ͨľЩԼԹ˿࣬תͷҪ˵ˣħһ
ħ+1ܶǹٹ̣оκҪᶨ̫ˡ
ȻˡѾ·û˳ֱ䣬Ҳš۸ոյ飬в˷ԼŮԼĸֹ¡
һѾͷԼΪǸŮСͱүүԭӵһΪ±ץӲͷƤ˵ܵܣС󣬼еĶԵܵΪȣûгԹһؼļȣΪһǵܵһõܵģܵкܶߣʲôûСͰɻҪүү̵Ĵ
ɼܺãԺͲˣŽѧѧУʦļֶ˸С߿õĽ֧ѧѧѣȴ˵ҪŸܵϴѧˡ
ǧֱ׷ȫܶ˶ҪҼ̣Լ顢Ľѧƾʲôܵܣ
أأ
ûǸѴ֣Ѿ˵˽֣Ǹ˳ȥڹѧõĴѧĻ˾Լ˫ԼĴӡѡ־ͬϵͬ£ؼңԶΪżһյƵİˡ
ѿԼ⼸һģһĻǴ𾪣ԼϵļƤٴȷֳЦݡ
ûĺý֣
ԣѽԶҪԼԶҲҪ˶໵Լ߳һ·
ûܵĻֱĴҲüۼ֤һƽԴŮҲǼ֤Ů߳Լ·
ʲôҪҽ𣿡
ֱѣ˵־ѡֱӵõĳң
ϽĲƱ룡
ֱһͻᰡС˵ʲô
Ҳû뵽ȻҪһβó齱ͿֱӻõĻᣬҲЩֱǼǧһʾԲڲƱǧ򣬿ԼҪʲôأ
ȷ񶨵ǲƱ룬Ǯڵû̫壬Ҳûʲôա
ҺҰ˵𣿡
ԾѾ棬Ѿ׽ŵСҲˬ죺Ȼԡ
ճЩСëǰĲЩƴְҵⲻİ˰˶Ҳעؽ֮󲻻ʲô󲡴֣ôҸȵضȹһ
ﴫ˿ˣ
Ҳ֪ǲĴܾ仰Լ˶ˬ
ҲûǸոյ飬׷ױʾ֪˵ĶϱǲǱڹҪܰͺˣʵڵп˱ƭĺΡ
һûȻڹ˵ĻԸţ׶
õ϶Ļظֽ֣ǵţȥȥͻأ
ＤشеĻϽȥԼǶŵھǲǽţǲչϱϵǲǲ̫ã
һıϡͿغȷϢֱͨСȺҵԼҶŵŮ΢š
ҽԺ΢ʾֵͨԳھӼŮ˵΢ţûŮһ˵㣬ֱ֧ܲܽһϲѽžͷһվӡ
ﻹʲôֱƣȴݻؾԷֵȫѧոճһţϱŮпչһ𣿡
һ٣ţŵ
Լûла
̫ȷھӼҵŮ֪֪Լŵ֣¾ùȴ̲סӡ
սȥԵĶܶʱԶȶĸӿ£ÿദȫ˼ڰԸ廨ŵֶͬϷйŶ⣬ʱҪɣԼɡ
Ϊ뷨⻰̫ȷЩѧȻ
Ե޹ʵģֻ֪ԼĲҲͼйأȴ֪Ůͬƾġ
ֻȻһܾڶ˵һ
ϣǷ׷ǿŮ˵Ůôˣ
Ÿոսĳο˺ţҪı䣬¼ǸŮҲҪ뷽öŮк
ʲô̥ʱŮע˰ɡܼԱˣǿбԣ
ǰ˵ƫŮбҪҪҾ̫ˣҾСްòᡭ
ۻơשͷȷˮѡӡкƫһֱܶࡣҴ˿֪ܲɣת̥裬˵ǳ˾һк
ת̥裿Ҳ̫ˣǷҩү
ͻȻת̥֣͵֮ǰҲк˵˵ҩر˾кҪҩҲûϱ޲Ʒ³Բãίܾˡ
Ŷĸֵֹ˵ǿ԰кĺ㼦׹ԼһЩûҩƷƫҩûסˡ
뵽ǶʱȵĸֵֹĶڻЩθ
ӳʾͲõŮĸǾһţϻŸոĻŮĲͬƾġ
ŵĻ϶ת̥ĸֲ²⣬˶ѧϣ˵ǲʲôѧطĿ
̥׹ƣ¶Ĳ뱻˳
ȴֱӷ:ѧ޹أ˸ѧİ취ı̥Ա𣬱ضƭӡ
νĹ̥ôֱӸı˼飬Լһ塣
νͬܣΥתɵ飬ڵĿܽ㡣
ıˣ޿ȥĳԡ
Ҳˣܶ͵͵ת̥ʵԼأ˵ǳӤûзȫԼӰ̥ķ̥Աת
ӤԼأǷ𣡣

һʼŮת̥裬Ȼкеѧԭġ
ǺǣѵĺӻСȥ飬Ů治һء˫ˡӹȱʧȱʧЩת̥ġк
⻰һ϶ˣ
ֻǰҲǳһ亹ͨͨޱ֪òЩ˵Ļ֮ǰôҪһкڻǰôŬ͵͵ҹϵֵԱת̥裬ûԵĶʲô
뵽Խ£ٹ˲ԼҪȥŮ׶԰ӳٺúüһ壡
ͻȻƼ˷ԣţĶϱòҰҲ֪֪֪ԼϹѾ˵ڶŮ顣
סˣ
ʲôԼϹѾ˵ڶŮ飡
ڵ֪ˡ
ţ
಻סԼ飬žҪǸĪֱھôһ£ͬСźȻϢǲڵڶҽԺ飬ոպ񿴼Ϲˣֱĵ䵽˹ȵס
ͬĿɿڴ塢ͮѹ֪Ȼתֶ̥͵͵ϱ쵼Խزš
Щ˵ĶȫȥڿҲ˵ûκζܹ֤кбŮ
ͮŹϹŮĻֻоٲ鵽˫ӤζŸ¡ԭúõһȴΪǵ˳׻һ
鷢Լϣ
Ȼ˸ո˵Ļ˲עһûкӵеһУִ񰡣ⱨӦһЩС˿ɣˣÿζǿĺܿ죬һҲɡ
Ȼ⡣
л˵
ⶫʵģϻѵ˫˵İ
ֱ죬ϻƫţ罻ƽ̨˵б֤һеİ취˽ġ
ڱһӵСЩһħ°ɡ


49 
鼱֮, žҪشȥ绰ȥĶƬϵǲ
ֻȴͻȻʾΪʦ磬ȻѾ޷Ӧ췢ô, һԽ绰ͷԷµؾŮʿѾΪ֧ʦѣκѯǡ
, ȾȽŮ׶԰ӳ
, ܽǡ
صԼʵķӣؽһߣɳϡôһ, Ȼʲôֻĳ˷ȥϢ
ȥ, ҽ˵ܽ
ûȶظתͷȥϴּжױ׼ú˯һ
йȻǼ飬ɵðˡ
һͷڹ˾ϰĹزڿתͷȥÿͬεװĶת˻ȥ
ЩĪ룬Ҳû̫¡
ؾְĹ˾ҵĳͷҵӹ˾һнܹ˾ҵصĺά
˵ӹ˾ѹҲСЩ, ΪͷĹȼͣ, Ѿ˾ѹһΡڱץʱǰǷĹϽ˽ᡣ
ͷװ̫, ڵǰ˰, Ҳûóٳɹ
ز֪غŵԼ, ̲סС, δ顣
źӴѧʮĸ顪뵽ȱ㣬뵽Щ޹ͬĸìܡغܿóĵʵжϡ
ȻǸϲƯأҲضĺӡ
ŲˣҪгӹԼҲǺİɡ
ĸܽһûӹӣ붼˾Ӧġֲ
еķӡдĶ֣ҲѾ꣬ЩԼû̫ӣҲӦ֪ˡ
ԺĻʲôҪԼæģԼ϶Ҳǻġ뵽ľԼûʲôطģԵ޷֣Ե
幤ѧϣؼ룺˻飬ǿ϶Ҫֵġ
֮ǰҲЩԥϾչֱ֣ӱӴϲÿ
Ҳ˺ӣḺСѹҲͦصģԼҪȻͻǰøˣٿԸʲô
뵽سװӵķȸˣͺ顣
عȴַļλϣƺ͵͵Ӧֵֹġ
̫õԤУѲԼĹֱ쵼ˣǼЧˡܲҪԱɣ
Ͻֱ壬鿴һ¹Ⱥ䣬ûпйصϢ
ȥϴּһǲԼ·ǲմʲôණյĳλϵҪõͬСĶţ㿴Ƭϵǲ㣿
˵꣬Է˸ͼ
ؿƬһ˲ֻѪҺֱӿϴԣôҲ벻ȥƼ龹Ȼ͵˱ȺȺ˱ʾ˲ǷޣҲ֪ʲôϵ
ͼƬϵǲʲôѰ
ͬ˵ί񣬹Ȼ֪Է뷨Ưֽı۰򣬳ڲʲôͨѣ
ǣʸڷϣϴˣ˲ҡ
˸֣ȥƽʱȥҽԺôᱻϣ
ǸȺȺţϵȺѯƬǲǴȺȥģҵǸƬ˾׼ٷҪԼǸ壬ɾƬ
ȺʾȺǧˣƬѾȥҲܲˡƬظԼҲǴӱյģùذԼŮǺϷ޵Ľ֤óھȺǸ塣
ɹõĳֻ˵˸Ϊ񣬸˺ܴš
Ƭˣ˶㣬ҵǸ
Ҳյ˵Ϣ̽ôˣҲǿʲôȻǲϵģ˵˼ȰӦȥ
˵ĻظİĹû취ֻ˰١
ǸԼ˸绰˵صƬȥˣڸô졣绰ͷţҲһһöӱżȰסԲִܰ
ɶ£׶згĺ˼ҹﻳĺӣǾƲ˵ģ
ĸ׵ĻҲӦϽش绰
ضĺӻСһҪЩʲô
ش˺ü绰ûͨٹ˲ˣҲ˲ֻϵ磬ųǰڵСԼֱĵ·˶Ѽñſȫװȥؼңȴ˸ա
˰ҲûӦǳȥˣ
ʲôؾýͷö׼طϢĶյ˶ԷǱŭ΢ţȻһֱƭң
һֻ̣ôѣµڷˡ
ʼֻصƯû顣ԽԽݣȫԷ
ظԶҪãأԱûǮϻӣô붼Լǿˣؼʱػˣ
Բʲôɵ
ֻʣһ뷨ظȴ΢űڣ绰ֱͬͨ˾˿̣ȥأôס
ڣбķʽ
ǣ֧ҵ֮ǰ෢ºĺŷɿط˸520ȥʵ͸ѡͬİ·ŮԸܲƷˡǶԷҧһҪóܶǮſǩ飬ʱء
İ㣡Ҳû뵽ⱲӻõŮ
Ը⽫ҵͳ㿴ÿǶôΡǶô÷֣
ܸܲһν͵ĻᣬĲ㣡
ѸٽŵĻˡΡԼھǰƬʾԼ֪ˣϣԭ
ʮĻظҲ಻סˡ
ƭôã˵ҪҽԭǼٵģΪʲôѾˣ
Һ㣡
λصķӦʧ˷ܺϲãԸ˵˵ػǷŲθ飬ŲԼ
ǣܿø黰ʹ԰סġŵͳͳʹ˳
ҷⱲˣܺһĻģ
ԸģҶİûһһ٣ȫ鲻Խ
˰Ѿɶץ·ȥ΢ŵĺ룬ƵͶ췢ģûע⵽˵仰ʱһ˲
ڲκδһ飬Ȼʹȥ֤أǵĺûһļͥ
صļ⣬ضŵסء
㲻һк飬Һͺô졣øҪøҲܸ
صĻ֪ˡ
ֻǣ˵绰̲ס߳ײ˭ĵƬŪ̫ˡ
ţҲˣʲô˾Ȼôǣ֪һҪ˵Ƥӵһ˴̽ĵ绰ţҲԼͬĬֱӾ˵˸ҹأֻһ񣬱˵
ָϽϵʲôܲܰЩƬˡ
˵ԼѾסڵǱ߻ῴ
ôһֱ㲻ɣ
ţ˿Ҳǣػصĺӣ̻ôŵ˲ӦԼ飬Ҳöôĵƽױ˲ɡ
ص׻ûƤЩֻ˵ڳѲ࣬ҲƬ
ıſˣֻҪ˵Ǻе˾С
룬֪лзա
ţ˾Ѿ֪ˣٹʱضӴ˸ӲԼҪҪɴˣ
룡ȻҪ룬ˣ
ţ⻰˫ͬ⡣һʼͿûѾӴ̥ŮˣΪԼǱƭ˲Ȣôͨ¼Ůˡûһ㱾£ԼҲ£Ǹµĸ
ֿ˿Լĸףûʲô
ϹǺǰһ̲˵˵Լ˭һ
س˾ģʱ䣬ھȥ̸飡
ˣ裡ȥִ׶԰ӻȴҽңһ˵
ͻȻŮسǰţȥֽӵңô
ϵҽԺȴûҵŵӰһȦ˵ǲ˸ոԼ뿪ˣֻܸ绰
ȥĶˣҽԺҲҲʲô
ûһԼŹ˺üʣʲô飿
ҲĬһȻЩȻЩ˵˵ţɡ
㶣һʱҲ֪ûʲôȴԸ֧㣬ʲôҪҲܺҡǶԲҿסѹǿҲҪɢˡ
ץֻֽ˽û
Ҳûа취ϣãҲϣܶܺã𣿡
Զ㣬š
ص˿ֻؿһģԵؾҪŻµ̲סʳ˺ܶ⣺ΪʲôԶ㡢ļˡ¹𣿡
ض˶٣ÿ˶ԼѴ·ֿҲҪֵôѿ𣿡
ֿ϶Ҳ뿴ְ˵𣿡
ͨĸҲ˵绰µѾӵˣܿ⡣
ǷֿҪ𣿡
Ŭ̧̧ۣҪͨϿԼ᲻Ҫô׵֪ʣֿıκ˶أôòҪ֣
ҵȻҪ
֮еĻǿʯͷҲװԥĿҵŮҡҲǲ뿪ġ
ţǾͲҪ顣
һ죬ôԣһҪģţ㲻ҪΪˡ
ûȵŻ˵ʲôҪֻҪָȨĻֱӱŵһҪֵĸȨԸ⸶ʲôŪɵˡ
ոϻ΢ЦĹر齩Ӳ벻ͨôʳ
㡭Ҫʲô
ε˳ԼոյĻ˳ȥŸʵˣô˵϶ֻΪ飬ô˵ġ
ʦŰʦָʾŵ绰ͷɣ顣
˵绰һǰʦЭ鷽ֻʮֻ㱡
Ҳû뵽Լƽʱôιأ׶԰˵ôҲӱӱԼڶСŮ
ҺãҺ˰
˵ΪԹصΣ鿴ֻҲȫû뵽ɾֻļ¼ոգЩ˵ָµ¼˹صIDõȫ¼ԼǵƬոʦȫA4ֽӡ˳һ
ʶϵȽϺõͬ𣿡
ʦôʣźܿ˵ͷ뵽һˡС쵼ž
ȻᣬһҪ侲Ҫٰɷ򡢺ӵĸҲҪӶôԶԲ㣬ҪЩ֤Լ죬ϵѾУΣ£⧲
ʦߣžԲռϷ硣
ȡõõĸȨȡӦõĸĲƲ
ǧҪ
ʮֽţʦЦЦҲЩ֤˾һݣȻ㱧źӹԼģ¡
Ҫͣ𣿡
ʱϵͳڰԵͨʦļ͵͵ԹˣҲܺƬ˭ȥģŵͬ
Ҳùֵֹġ
ֻصЦŲ˵һǲʱδ
û뵽ŻԼѧʱԼĲһ£ؾͱЭסˡĲƲָ𾪣ȻҪ߷һֵ۸񡢳ӣԼЩͥıꡢ߰˰֮ң
ܣҲܴӦ
صĻҲن£ֱ˵ԼŮȥƼƬ
ֵػˣҪ⣬ȴ˵Ѿ֪ˡ
˵ֱ꣬ӳǺһĹ˵¼ֳª˽ܶԻжδСĳ롣
һ仰˵ˣôҲ벻Ȼõô֤ݣɵԭء
ţҽ͡
ѵʿˮֻôȱֽŷ飬δѿֻŹһжȫϣֲ֪ӦԲźá
ЩҶˣȷҪҽ𣿡
ǺʹǰһɤҲ֪ող֪أѾõô¼˵ЩʲôЩ϶Ǹո׼ͷˣԼһֱڹ
Ϥޱİӣ벻ͨôô¡صôһˣ
һǲͬķ䣬Ҫ־ͲٷȥôǮ
ܲܺӡǮˣ
ػ˵£ɫҲֱӽһ¼ݺݵشϣ㻹֣Ҷ֪Լиôӡĵİְ֣
ΪֵΪʲôôΪ裡ҳԵЩкĶ
֪֮ǰҵת̥ʲôǻӤ˫ˣǲмˣֱĶҩ
شΪ֮ʣʾԼ֪ǵĹңҲ֪ԼŰͲûһϱ֪һжģ
ȻܵԼϱһ̥Ů˼Ҵʦ˵ϱûУ
ǰ趼㹤æҶʺ㴲տȴûôĸɻһĸ顣
һƭң
ʹ˵һУŲƽѾԼˡҪһ˵ֵ˾֪ⳡ˾꣬ȫ˾Ǹý嶼ͥҲԸ㡣
Լһ۸ѹ٣ոյĻŵҪأӾ͸ˣ
ţǧ𣡡
㲻ܻңֵܻİְ֣
ڸеˣǱˮһأԭܺӴҳֻһԭ£ǧҪʲôɵ
ſʮȴȻЦˡ
أ㹫˾ĵַ֪˾ϵʽҲУ㲻ǵ¼Щһǹ˾ſڣеͬѧݡͬȺﶼЩǩְɡ
ӦõģҲؼһСİְ֡
ӵĻس׵ˡ
ûа취ıˡ
ػʱ䣬ȥȥרҵʦһʣ̵ŵҲϵһ¾ҪóֻСžȥ¼
ŲǿЦĸңﻹԥץ־غţǩǩ
ôЭǩ֣
л˵
ʵڱǸһѵĹûͣȫʱ֡
ҴҳͿʼͷд֣ʮСʱûڲд
Ĳǹϸʱ䣬ҾϹˣ


50 
ǩµһֵʱ, ѾˣԼôôʹӦ
һֱĵؿոձͻȻ¹ע, һֱƵƵ˿Ҳ
ۼҪĬĬóֻػǺ˺ǩ֡
ȫⶼȥһ࣬صʹڵѪڵĲǱ, Լû㷢ŵ쳣, ûаЩ֤ݲغã
ƴôĲƲҪȥһ룡
ʱȫȻͷΪҲǮ⼸Ƿ޶һ𻹵Ĵ, ֻЩǮǴڴӲٳġ
һҪģµŮ, 񶾡թաӣԼû˯ʮ˵Ŀֻܵ˾޴ĳҲٺһȥˣ
ãأ
һ̣Ĺޱغĺӣ뵽ǲǿһһ鴤ǿЩο塣
ǩµֳ׳ȥϵȫ飬뵽ԼҪֳȥôǮؾһѡ
ûиپĻᣬЭ˳ȥֱ˲, ·, Լֱͨͨ, ȷЭдŮĸȨ, һĲƲ, Ҳǩ, ǿһʵС
ԼҪˡ
ͬЩҪ
ʦܿͷһ˷Ĥϣⱻؿ
Ϊһ̫죬·ǲƶû䵽ϵںǱʾڷԺû°̴࣬ЭȥԺЩϽȡ
Э顭Э鲻ǾͲȥԺ𣿡
ﻹзڲƶģ±¶Ըԥһ棬ȰؼʱҲסˡ
漰Ʋָ⣬ɷԺá
ʦ֪ùǩЭѾҪҪȥ֣ԷǲͬġӦٺȻҪڣ¶ԲƲ͸Ȩ
ûкӣ߲ٺǾѾֵƷǰŬͻȫ֮
ԣƶĲƲָûʨӴ󿪿ڣҲǿץʱЭ鶨Ǽˡ
ҷԺȻΪһҾЭ飬ǵһһĪ
Ǿ˭ģ
ʡϣٴηʣʵ֪˭ڰҪȻô̤ʵ
ϵ˻˸񣬽һֻݸֻͷһŴδİŮ˵˵ĻҲŴһ
ʦԤϵһûһӾѾҪڵĹؼææӲܳҪţȴ˸ա
ʧǵóֻüţδ磬һϽزȥԲŽӴֲ֣غˣ
ֻҪֻҪǮ͸Ȩûôף
ֻһЭѣ󸶲Ǯ˵㣡
ȴûոսֻͨţһ䣺ûӵ׶԰˵Ѿˣ
ƻٴαƵĹڴ·ϵĲӶ̫ˣڵ绰ƿڴ²ĴҪΪʲôңȥ𣡡
֪ж𣡣
ţҲίȥȥˣ˴ǮĳѾͷ֮ǰͱˣҲû취
ոգһֱӴ绰ǶӲӰ
ﻹԸ˵Щеûģֱӹ˵绰ͣ
ˣ
ֱŽˣԼôԼţѲҪǮ
ش˺ü·ֶ̣ˣزǿʵľѳۣں˶֣֮Ҳֻһһˣɴͬغúñġ
згԼҲȻⲨҲҪʧأ׷ӼϹ̶ʺͽ𣬹δӦҲڲ١
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㲻֪ãڻ˲ӹҪеϣŮ˻ģ
ƼôֵؽԼ˵ûй˼ط˸ֱӶֻ˵ˡ
ţƼӻ˱ڨڨûֻͷ˵Լе飬ȻġȻеʶŴӦû
ſ϶ǲԸģԼҶˣŵҲڶѾǸӵĲлŮ˶㲻ˣ
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ûϸ˵ԼʱڲﱻŻסǩֵΪʮֶֻ˵ҪǮͬ顣
֪Ҫ˶٣žȻʶҪǮȫţܲˣƾʲôҪǮ!
ǮǶ׬ģ֮ǰȻҪǮУҪȥţ
߶߶˵ĵҪȥţһ֪Ķ˻ȥ
ţΪǴǰأŴ绰ĶһαϱҶ˵绰ζҪըˣˣ޵ǼҾȻͼıǼҵĲƲ
ǣԼȥŵλбͲҪȥϰ࣡
ػϵأȴôϵϣӱ꣺ȥλҲҹ˾ѧ𣡡
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쵼ظϽʾԼ˵飬һѹϣϾ͸ϻȥ˾Ӱࡣ
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쵼⣬ֻ˵Լһ촦쵼Ҳû׷ʣܿ˵绰
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صĺܣÿһ׹һƬ磬ؿҲǱƵģŷֿ飬Ǻһʱֻڵʵ޷ܣܰŸöá
ΪʲôǩˣҲͬˣȴһ㲻ء
ǿԼԼѡһȷġذһֻڸãֻʱġ
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ţһСʱ½½¥ϰһѵļҾߡƷǾ˵ѾˣȻҪһ˵Ķߡ
һúõļҾߡҵ·ʲôȫ˳ⷿôתֵģһǰľȻǸոҵ˽ǸŮ˵ķӣ
ⷿѵģ
԰⼸½СסǶǰһֱûסֱװޣƽնҵԾӣҲû뵽ⷿӾȻġ·ģҲþͰ˼ҵĶӳѽ
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Ǽҵ̫̫˵·ҵˣСķǼģôܻ500Ǯ5000ˣֱǰͰ
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Ǽȴһ㲻µӣƤЦ˵㰡Ҫ͸棬Ҫͱ
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Ŵ죬ȫû뵽ⱳȻôĹ£ԭϵƬԣһжǶԷģ
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ЩǮõĲǾţһëò˼
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Ůȴ˵ƵᣬͲɷŮ˵氮飬Ȩȫץϧǲ
ˣףиõ
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ǹһʱֱӽνҽԺľߣҲյϢĵص̨˵š
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ֻǣҲûһĶϱԹչˡ
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һΣֱӽȥ˲ˣڶࡰҩҲ˸㷺֪
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51 
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־ΰǰ˶ʶΪϷǿۣԽҪȥҴ֣֣ߡ
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һǿһ¹ӤеӵŮԵ٣еѾˣеĿȴ۾ѪǴ򿪹ŵһͻȻֿЦؼ
ոտһĹҲȻܳɫӤסǾҪȻָ͡˺ǣЦ

Ҫ߹˳Ȼ˵غøλȻ洫ŮĲҽǽ֮ҿʮ̣
¥µĲˡʿ˼пİҲ˹ŴҴҳŵıھͿ¥ǰ¥¥һŮǲסشŹ󰧺ǱʲôĶ˺ҧף־ʹޱȹ졣
һ¥׸߷ҲȻ̧ͷԺͻȻ죬Ӥ


52 
˿ڵС, ԼĴ£ʲôĶڲĥǡ
мһһŮϵشץ©ƤԽԽĿɲ˿ڣûмġ
鿴ĻʿŻ, Ժı̲ͬס˼Ǳڵһʱ䱨˾
Ǹոձ꾯¥ºȻһһˡ
ϵǸһɫͳӣ׷ͯ, ɫࡣվ¥¥ݿڶĸ״, ͷ֪ͳһľҲʼֹĻȻۼֿشǰġ
׸߷ɿ˶Ϊ֮, ǱӤΧŮϵأڿӤҲȴǲܾôؿż˱ĥ
мľһ, ֱӴ޼ɵ˵ӤĸŪĻþҲֱŵĴɢһɭ־ؿͻȻֵˡ
ӤΪĸת̥زۣŨصԹһԭڶûʲôǣеֻǱܡ
ողŷйһԹͱ;ģСȻƾֱӴѾצٴγȥ
ʦˣ
ϹҲͨ˿Ĺ, ܿӱóնҪ, Ѿ˵˵Ӥϡ
׸߷ԥһ˲, ûͽܡΪֻҪʵʵˡѪ, չؾǲ
ֻ
ϹصķӳȥȴȻֱֱ˵, Ƽ¥ȴ֪ʲôʱһεŮ
Ȼǡ
ڸʲô
Ī˾һͨ𣺡Ѿ̽ʱ, ¥ǲ׼˵ģǸϽȥ
ûϹضЩӤǲγ˵ģȻħаֱӱɤűıһСס
ھˣǸϽ뿪ǳΣգ
ϹҲ֪ЩͨѹܿĶý͵ͬʱҪ취ؼʱ̱£Щ˶ᱻӤϡܵģ
Ȳˣ˲úͨ˽ǱҪŴУ
ԺôãͷһؼĲ֪ʿԼô𣬱Ҳ˸ոյĹ쳡£ҽǻʿôȣ
ûϹػشʹؽһߣʿɵˣȥֵҽǲǶ񫷢ˣ跸ˣھ֮ǰȰ˿ˣ£
˵ܾأ
ʿ⻰ټǵϵҲ̷Ӧ˹רҵػָճĹࡣ
õܵõܣǰϸ鿴ʲôӦ۲죬ϵҽȥϵҽֱӽոհ˾޴ƣ׼һ׸߷ɡϹؼһߣ;Զ㣬¡
ʦͽĿؿͻȻܿŨصĹһ𣬼ԹصľҪ˺Щˣ׸߷һȥҪЩӤ龡նɱ
ǰͷӤȴڼĳʿʱǱһ㣬ֱӱ䵭ȻѸٶ㿪Ҳÿ׸߷ɵĽ
ӤҲһ˲価ɢȥ
׸߷͵ػͷÿ¥ݿջ֣Ȼ
ܿ죬ߡͱʿҽȥңľҲڸ
˿̣¥ֻʣ¥ͨ¥λϵʦͽˡ
ЩӤǷ㻽ѣǿһѰ𣿡
׸߷û뵽Ȼһšʮε龰ȴҲ˲ϱģֻ¼Ƿģ
ǸΨ²ҵаɷӣҪһϢȥôΪ
ҡ
⣬ȻʮˬسˡϾӶδ˵ѻȻҪϵġ
ش׸߷иô׳ˣ鵱֡
ĵ㲻ڣôۼ֤ΪŰ
ǰϹҲڱ֪ͬĶĳһôƣ˵Ǹ͵ĸԣȻΪƫ
ƼֱӵԼʦͽ˵ô¡˵ǲһ
Щ˺ˣҪʵҪͬۡһ
Ϲؾؼող֪ôʧЧ˵ķֽʶּɢЩӤʶ˲˵ͻȻ˻᲻֣ɱڣ
Ҫ֪ǽӤ˺˵ϢȥҲò˶Ҫѧĵˣ
⣬ȴҡͷˡ
뺦ңȻҪ֡úЩӤ飬ҲͽȺˣһһһһģôͬۡһĴ
˵ǿԵ
ʣֻԼܸܵһϹһ죬ǿװ򶨣ȻǿģΪŰа
׸߷ƽͽܣ˿ȴҲݲֻǳ
С֪ҲӦΣûǣὫﲻ˻ŪŸҰݣΪմȾѪøӱŰת޹֮ˣ
ʵڲӦ
ΪѧֻǶ˶ûȤ޹ע
Ϣʦͽ˵ò˶ҲһᴫʲôɣⷬٶɶǸ˿˳ɣ
ٲڵ뿴ġ
Ϲز֪ôƣʦڣǻﱥʮָӵһʱҲ˼ҵ̬ȣҰ˼ӡ
˻еĿϧź벻⣬֪˴ѧĴ󲿷˶ߵĲͬĵ𸴡
Ǿ˱ȹ˿ɱɱˣαôɡ
˼Ȱ˵ֻ⡣
δӤԼֻعкβԣ
ĸ彡׳֮˺ıӺңƾֶͨ޷ӦԵ취ǵõѵкβɣ
δܹЩӤҲδңôЩǷβδͬضҪ˺޹֮˵Ķ˱ˣǾ˳
ֱӽϹˣоڽƱ磬ȴһʱش
׸߷ȴûƽȥֻǷʣֻ֪⣬վ˵ңվӤң
⻰ȻЦˣͻȻĻȸһԱħԡƫƫѩ׵ƤüԼ˿˿˵ԣһޱìʮǢϹ̲סɵ׸߷ҲƬʧ
˵ֻվ˵ȥأ
Ϊ֮ʧҲʲôߵ͹
΢΢̧ͷ¥µĶˣǸѳɡ
׸߷ɺϹضû뵽˵һֱֱǰԼʲô
˵ľ߻Ƿߣ
СδƵΣľ𣿡
׸߷̾˿ʵѾ֪Ĵ𸴣ȴһ˿ңֻҪԸ΢ͨ
Ȼ
ԥ׸߷ֱӽһϢ˻ȥǰ̸Ҳ˵ˡɣھͿԴظˡ
ǰһֱͲʦ̸ЩȥϹش˿ȴԥľô̸
ûǴϢĶ֮Ż˷䣬Ҳ뿪
ʦͽߵԺ¥£˲پ죬̫ǡ
Ϲ̲סʦжʦҪв
׸߷Լɵͽܵͷʵ˵ԼӦô򲻹
Ϲҧҧ촽ƫ𣿡
⻰Ȼ˵ǴҶ֪ó㡣ˣǻܹʹ֣׽סԼķʦĽ֮ǰֻΪҶĵϸ
׸߷û˵ûкͽܽԼڿԷʱ޷ƵСη֮УָоСʱԶԶһʦүĸǿҡ
ʵ޷ģֱǲһһ㡣
ôһ˿ͷûϵԼ¶ˡ
صԼķ䣬ڴʦͽ˵ӰԶȥʲôѧĵӡǴǰǾ仰ܴԼеĵκˡκܡ
ͻȻ΢΢üǶ˵ɫȻˡ
ڸոһ˲һںҹвʻĳ˿ͣˡС׳ꡣϵĿЩƣϵζʳζ۹ͽ֯
ڣд绰ġֳġֻƵÿϵԤò˶ãԱĿͳʻһϡ
ҹŨŨ˾ҲЩƣϵĳ˿Ǵల۾ȴĿĵصĵǰӵҲ𽥱صĺż
ò˶ãһ޴죡
˵ļ֮ãʣźſµ̳ܿ㱻ͽãã֮Уһʻôžɡ
ڣϵŲˣ
ѵ˳ûƬԥٶȸžִȥ绰ȴ
ֱϵͳڸҿֱ
ʱ㣬ǧƽֱ̨ͬĹںȻͳһյѧֱ俪ϢеûĪʹԭڵֱֱӱתֱ䡣
кеǴ˿̵ҳҲȻ˶ʾ
һΪķ˿ѰϢϽֱ䣬ȴû˵ˡҲûҪ£˵˶ϲ¡
ʮʮ֣ͨеĳŽᷢµһĻ
⡢̳ҽСɫĽߡ
׼ʻţȴѾϣ֪ͨעⰲȫԼܿͨйȥ
ô˵ţƬ̵ɳƣȴǱͬ
ܹԮǣǰ׼
ֱĹڶɵˣԤĳҪ£⡭⣬δйشԤԣ
˶ˣ̽һϢ˳ȥҲкܶ޷Ԥ⣬ȫţɡ
ǰֵ˵ˣ˵ǵıӦʲôһ⣬ԤʮӺôһҪ£Ѿ˰ɣ
Ǻͨ˵İԺش¹ȫһ°ǰҸҳԹϣ治Ҵ
Ϊʲôÿζ˲ʮӺĳô죬Ĵβ׼𣿡
׼׼⣬Ϊһ仰жСԮҲ̫ˣû˶ΪЦ֪Ҫ𣡡
֪ķˣǰԤҪɥҪ𣡡
ܿ죬ŽʮʮֳµϢֱӵѣ΢˿ֱ˿۷׷׾Щ˶ˣ˽ԼȦӳԹϡҲˣؾȻֵĲ棿
Ų˽ӵ˹˳ĵ绰ҲרŸоֱݵĹСӽϱϢһ󷢽ֱվ
ġԿδ
¹ٷѾһ˽ͽӴԽͻ¼Щֲ
ͻȻðĸ֡ԤԡҥԣֻʮףҪҥ˳һЩص˺šȴǵڲҲжˣϵصʮʮ塢ŵĺɫʾ޷رգ
һе쵼ûȽϵ۶ɾȥȻԳſչ飬ϵĴѾѹȥ
ͬʱ³Ƶ绰ź쵼ֱָʾȺڵǵһλģκʱ򶼲ܵģ
ûԼġԤԡϺԤ׵ظ˽˴绰Ŀ缶ָʾúеȫ쵼˸飡
ӦԤλӦڱ뵽λ
žԲܳ£
׼سе׸߷ɡϹضͦã߳Ժûþ˻û͵Ŀͳʦ˵ҪȻһȥô׸߷ȴʾȥŶᡣ
׸߷ɽ鲨ѵõشҲϳĵͷȻһĲ꣬˳Ҫ̡
ʦͽϳҲûô˵ڸ¡
ûãĳλ˿͵ֻ˽ֻһ𾪵ʶ棺ûëɣ³
ҳƱǮˣ˶þͿϸ٣ҳеûˣҲŲء
˶ͷȰ棬ƭˣѹûš
ɳϣ˵ֻʲôٻȥ
ü˵ֻͬһʱǻյͳһûϢʾ⳵ڲ˲ԡ
ô£
ӼﳤҪһСʱ̵ĺ쵼·ϸֳ
ڲűĵ˵ķû˵ô˶ȻΪһԤԣ
δ׵¼ƫƫ³ոջǴƵ绰ɲи档
ͬǰĳЩ˵һ
Ҫʮʮʲô鶼ûǶ˿ҪΪȫǹЦˣ
׼ʱ£ûκже쵼͵ż³ɡ
Ҳ̫Ѱˣ
ϣ˵ǸܺѧԤʮʮֳҪ£ϵ˶ըˡ´󲿷˶ţҲ̫̲סֻ
һһ
˾³ɡҡȥˡ
һرϧĳ˿͹˾ͣžʮӺȥˣ
˾ƽʱӲֱϳ˿ͳȥȻԤԴҪ£ֱӷܣôһţÿô೵ģôܳ£
׸߷ɡϹʦͽȴޱʵѿڶˣ
л˵
ԺҲ㱼ˣæ˶եˡʱ䲻ʵڱǸϣǲҪңء


53 
һһͬʱһĻ, עĿͬʱʦͽҲеѵõΣĬʵЩʱ
ȿȣʦ㡪
Ǿ÷ԼСǳ, ƤҲͺͽϹء
ȿȣʲôǲΪؾӲ˵˼ò׼
ԾѾ֪ͣ˻ǵʵһ㣬Ϊ˵Ӿʹӵʦ׸߷ɡ
ʦͽܿ˶Է˼, ٴĬתͷȥ, Լġͬ˿Ρ⡣
Ȼոպ˼ҡ̸Ѳ˼ҵϢ˻ȥؼʱǲԼͬسʵѡ
Ϊ», 񻹴δʧ֣˵ֱ:Ĳƭˡ
֧ΥġԤԡ, ϵ˾ֻͷؿͣ߳˿³ԣǳƱǮˡ
⻰һЩԥˣĲ²³
׸߷ɺϹزǮͬǮʲôǲֻԼ˵İΣѡڳȰ˵ˡ
˵Щô갡ǸҪֱ£ó, õϸЩ顣
һ˸Żȥ, ؿЩԥԥ˱īˣҪ³ĸϽ, , ˾ҲƵ, ȿţ
Ҿ治, ܳ£
ϣ壺ġɵĶϽ£Ǵ⳵ﻹܿһ㡣
ǣȺŸϽֻӻ˵׸߷ɡϹʦͽܿͻ
ŴŴһ˶Щͬ·ЩǴͳΣƺ¡ׯأͼͻȻ˳ǲɽĵʿ
ͬʱոǷڽǵ˻á
˴һʼ˵£ƫƫǲ³˭֪ʲôѺúһ˳Ѽɵˣ
ʲôˣһȺΨ²ҵƭӰɡѲʲôͬ
ϹƽľͬЩͨ˴򽻵Ⱥʲô֪Ǹϰִֶ£ǲ֪£
ϹصĻǲˣ̲סλվŭǡ
Ÿɾ㣬ǵǵİΣˣ
ϹĻͳϲ۵ĵȻŻ᲻µĳ˿ȴûô飬ֻ̫ǵڡ
˵ʲô£˵ĶȱĳƵģ
ϹȻҲ˳ỹֱһЦ˳ǴȤ
Ҫ˵˵Ļģó֤
ǰǰԤԹųģڸϽһ¡
һֻϲ˲飬ġսһͻͻֲ˼ˣʦͽ˵ıȰҶ³˵˾䡣
Ӵһ鵽ˣȷʵСʦͽ᲻㰡Ҫб׼ˣǾǵģ
ǲʶ˵⻰˰ѻ˵¡
ƼѾͨѾ곤ĻĳȰ˵ϵô˵Ҳ˼һ
ǰ˾˵ģб£
˲ǵʿ˵ŮԤԡó㱾֤δ֪Ǵڵģһ³
׸߷ȴɫΪѡʦͽߵ֡նħ·ӣϴľԼɱķ䣬ڲ˵һϲܸͨʾδ֪
ϹǾʵûԼͬʦĺȰ˵ǲҪҪֵزǸɴˡ
³ǣ
αغĵ¿ηΣɵɵĺˡҲ⳵˵
ϹץԼʦֱӺ˾ͣǶҪ³
˾ǳ߰˷ӣͷˣΪˣһֱų³µۣҲܵĺܣ
ǹְڣ⳵Ҳ뿪ˣʵǸ̬
ϹҪߣ׸߷ȴԸ⡣óԼϵĵʿ֤ľֽ֤Լȷ˾ɽϳĵʿǵĴҵİΣ
ۿʱһһȥסؿҶϼӣʮʮٿû⡣
׸߷һͷ׷룬ϵͬ˵ֻٵȼ֡ȼӣǳϿҶ龹ЩϹʡίѻҲòҲ
ҪȻͣ·߼ӣʮʮٳ£
ʮҲûˣȵҲû°ɡ
ֱг̵ĴֻۣǶȼӺҲǲС
˾һ߿һǾͣһǼش󲿷˶ͬͣӣֻ˻ַ
û˾ҵʵͣص㣬ǰĳˡ
³ˣ
˽ͷ̽⣬ǰĳ˵ǲûǰһǰ³ˣҪźһܶˣ
⻰˿Ҳ׷ڴ߹۲죬ͳٴαޱ֡
˵Ҳ֪ܵң˵ǰǳôˣǱơҡ潻֯ʮʮǿ϶ϲ˳ˣԤ׼׼Ȼͼ
ڶǰеĳҪţȻǰ濪˺üס˴ҵȥ·
ܿ죬·ϱ˳ƷĽҲǰóʾ⳵
ã죬ҵ֤
˾ҡ³ʽʲôͼԷرʾִһؾмΣԵķ˵鷳һ¡
ڣʾ֤ʻ֤
Ǿƺ۲ԼòشģһҲһøʻҡ³ǿһҲҪ֤˾ԼʻӺܿ췭Լ֤ݸǡ
ֻǣļеĸ
ֻҪʮĹɵĹӲӣֱ޶˶òԾˣǲǻбʲô顣
Ҳвٳ̲סȣǰôһûͨ
Ҳкܶյѵĵ绰ˢϢںµʲô鸴ӵǾͶһɣʮʮԺٹȥȡ
Ϣһ飬ʵûȥ亹ѾҪӼڸִڵĽͷոջɵĳȻԵ䣬ֻʲôϢͻȻüͷ˵顣
ڵʱѾʮʮķˣûҪȥ
ϣƽ̨ѾڽʮʮֳŻµȶȣȴѲˢ磬ȴʮʮֵĽ
δ𡢵δ𡢵δ𡭡
ʱͨߵĳǺ·ϵǣԼϵѶԼͬؿԼܹʾʱĶ
һһǰŲ˵Ҳһ
⾿һŪ˴ҵľƭ֣һ񼣵Ԥԣ
ʱȻĻҲֻĿ֮³غϣʮʮֵˣ
Ȼʲô鶼ûз
һ̣Զ׶·ϵĺе쵼ֻһ飬ԴһƬհף˵ʲôܡ
ͬһʱ䣬ߵĳȫͻȻ궯ȴ˷ţϴߴǰĳϽͨ
ϸһƬȻȻһһƺƴƭ֣
ķ˿ǲ˵δȻûзõĺڷǹһӿ˳˵߷ͱôһ¨ӣҪɱˡ
˰ɣ
ҵ뿴ػ˭ֳҪ˸ɣ
ǰôţĳЩٷʵǴҲ֪ǵ۲ۣ
ڵȵˣҪ˺򿩣
ĳЩĻУʮֻûأ
˭
׶ͮ塢־ΰֻĪ飬ȴš
ͬڹעѧĳЩصһֻãͬʱҲ˰գ
ʮʮֿʼķ˿ۿɼƵʷ½˶ȡ˶΢ԼֱĹעɾȥ֮ǰ֧ۣĬĬزٷԡ
϶ѧַҲڶ̶̵ļʮǵأ
ƺһո񻰾ҪĻˡ
ȴĹעЩν׷ַΪٴγˡ
ڵkԣkֻ˼һôֻ飬ŤͷͷҪˡ
kϢԿڱֱ»ЩɻΪʲôһеĺʧأ
ֻҪһεʧʧԭһۻǵϿɡءĽһ˲ɢĶȴԶղ
Ǹܵ겢ôĴ覣ƽѭǲ⡣
ÿһ̶ôȥȲȴҪƽ⡢˵뿴ȥı䡣
ȥһʽڡʳΪء󺣡һ֣أȫֵùע
ǣk̲סͶעӵĿ⡣
ᷭϵͳСԬ˿̲Ķȥ⣬ǲ⻵ıԭ˹켣ʧȥ˵ΣҲ̫˰ɣ
˵ôܻ᲻׼أôأһʲô˴
пֻ
ͷûʵߴڣɵkϸԼ꣬̽Լ
һգ۵Ĺ򣬵k뿪ˡ
kԼϲϵһ׹ȴˣֶΡ
˳ֱ»˶ڹҪ¿˵;ôһ£Ȼ;Ȼζ
仯ϵͳСԬĪЩţľѹŭ˹ȻĲǳİɣ
ۿ˵ˣҪ·ˣ
ȴûгȥߵǰǰǰǲҪϢˣҪصǵԡƺġûӰ쵽ֺ
ʵϣֻͻȻЩ˸еζˡ
νĿƼпܳ
ϲһеġ񡱣ڸ߸ߵλ϶ĤݣƳ硣
һǷĴĴЩʵͽͻȻ𣬱ɴӵħԨ
Ҳ飬䡣
볾ŢǱȻôЦĻԵkſˮĴҴμ֤䡣
ۼҪ˵ԣȴᰴסֱ֣ĵ57롢58롪
ʮʮʮʱ򣬳źȻһҪʱŵǼ̧ͷƼ޴бȻѣ
һ˲䣬ѻȸ
ڵڶλõĿ˾֤ҪߺȻƼǻһ̥쳣
̷׼Ǹ˾³űֵĻ򶨵˾ۼŵķͷȻͲȶţֱӲǰγײǰľҪţ
бĶѷľ޴ͻҳŻĿҲСȴҲƽһ׵죬غŵļ˶
ǿȻŵǰˣֻ׾Ҫ׹ӣ
ԭͣڵһλãżĲоҪþŵĳʱӱһ𣬱󲻵Ļŵû겻塣
೵ҲǱŪ£ֱûٷԽԽ˴ӳ˳
ŵȻ汾δ̮бȴѾ˾ޱȺ¡
벻ͨĻôͻȻͿȥˣΪ̥޷Ʒֱ㸲ˣ
ŻĿʻҲ࣬ͬôͬгһʻĹͻȻ̥
ָбѡ
źų˳ĳ˶һ亹޷ǿܵĻ档
˵Ժ˿̶ͬһ:޴Ļ⣬ͬʱ⵽ҵײһݺײŵΧһЩֱӴ׹£ѸٱĽˮûȡһЩȼĳﴫǵĿ޺޴Ļٴ顪
˵֣˶ټע顣˳ȥרϴϴϴˢ׼һȥϢ뿪
ȴȻԼϴ
˳Ĭ˼룬ʲôҲû˵صˮ£ʪëšɣʮϸµظϴ
ȵëЩüëͬһȪ䵭ȴԵ۾ٵСɾµı۵촽
Ƭָֺ̣ܿ׵Ĳûв©κһֽëŻصˮϴɾšɡ
žԼŮ˳ȻĳʼַϸС졣
ҪҰæˢ𣿡
ˢ࣬
ϸֳǳǳЦ⣬ֽ̧ӹˢȻȻҾҲʤ뱻ˢӿе󣬻Լɡ
˳Ҳ˳ĻǸ棬ѵ¶˸Цݣˢݸ
ϴϣ˳ὫϱڴϣŪܵıǣ˵˾䣺
һĵƹҲˡ
˳߳ţϵı𽥱ЩĮصڵķ䣬ȴûϢó˱ʼǱʼʲôޱרע
ҹ
ϿˬġΪ⵽Ӧȴǿǿĵʱȴֻж̶̵ʮ롣
ʮʮʮ룬бѣڽнά޵Ĺһ΢ֱӱˡ
ʮӣǿָе΢ƽ̨ϼȫ۳ǡ
ҳ׷ˣӽԺʽ˿
ոͷǲǳ˸ִʦҸϽж񡭡
֮ǰˣȡػزȵأϽ˭۰
͵ˣʮֶûйȥǸ˸ʲôοϵϢͻͺһ ڿԷˣ
ղűQǲɵ֪ʮһӵʱ䣿
Щûеǽͷݵڸոյʱֻǵȴţ˳Щӵۣȫ˳@ǳ죬ݺݴһǵ
ȴӲ˵ųŵбȷʵˣɴŵλһûУֻһѣ˵ǻ¹ʣˣ
»Ծĺת˲ԣʼǰȥۣ˵ĵȷȷʧˣ
ֱǰļ˽ٺһϢһ˲˽ƷĿ̥ˣ̥ĥؼزᣬһҪûʱ飬ڳб̥Իкüܵǣ
²ըó̮Ҳһźüţ׹̫˼һ
ллĽ
ǻųԼг¼ϵƵ
бѵ˲䣬ȥּͬһʱͿƲסһ޴Ļȣϣ˾޴ײ죬̳
أˢѵһĲ֮ǰ##Ĵֱף
³žֳӳԼʶ׶ͬ־¡ָл쵼Ҳ̲סǿҵľη
ڽ֤񻰲û𣬶˸ߵ̳
ҡڹǷ׷ǸǳûÿһεıQȴԽԽߣԺû½
֪ȳȫ±ˣʵѾֱֵ̫ڽһ˰
վλѧ
ĵһˣ
һ˶֡
л˵


54 
ԭ, Ұְֽ˵ԺҲҪţķٵȥȫĶرҵ, ̫лˣ˵ʲôԱǴ˿̵飡
Ǻˣĸˡûж޹ɥټͥʹࡣӽԺҪ˵ҵһӦ
ܸѧֱĺ, ˷ˣ
ǰҺѰ˺öѧֱĹ, һֱûԡ̲סˣ㣡
֮ǰվ˵ۡû͵꣬ˮ˸Ͻ, ֮ǰ鷳ȸǸ𣿡
ò˾ԼҲԼô˽˾һ˽İɣԶ񣡡
ܿ, ĿòѵǷ׷ϷŶһٵĸԣĸлԤˣлǰ顢סҵйԱ
ոյʮʮݾ׼ʱͨ塱Ӫͨͨ˾˳״ЩĶ񶾳ĺҲҵݺ˻ȥɾɾţ
Уǰʱɹٷ˺ŷħаʮʮֻظĺӵ޵ǬΪĿ
øӡں족, Ǳǵ̬, ûþͿסعر˽š
س˵, ر˽֮ǰ, а΢Ѿ˰ǧ, ҲΪǬ΢ͨ, ʷ𡱵ʱ̣ûгļ¼
ħаǣ
Цʲô˵
ӵʲôأԼῪ˵ǲȶȾͲܶߣ
ΪǸе˰Ҷ˼ǾҼҸȫһȥ֮ǰҲûôţư
ȷʵǻˣ֮ǰѾӵǧķ˿עϹüѵһճ΢ֱѶɲϤ֡
ŵ鱾ţܹǰԤԸδšһʱ䣬䡢ͬײǶŮλͬ¡ߵĺ˵ĳλѧĴڣ֪ȫΧǰδеٶȵõߡ
Ϸ¼ٴϷ񴫲ǳš˿ڡѪɱ޵ȰӭһĹעеҲһ˵һ׼ԣ
̫ˣ
Ҳѹֽһϣϵͳյ˺ĸֵΪһ˽
Ǭ鷿ߵؿڶڳǣϵõȻ׵ػһŮһ仰ϣ
ֱ̫
Щͨڱƭ˻ɵɵ֪Ը˵צߣ̧ˣ
Ҳôɡôˣôһ֪·ʮͷѾͷôߵʲôֱԤԣȡ裡
ʦʵˣǸصҲͰˣͷͰͷЩ˳ʲôѧһˣֱЦҵĵĻǴƷԲΪ飬ؽɴ
ɫⲽһֱߵŮΪû֪𣡡
ҪӤıˣҪΪУҿԴǺͿˣ
ĻһҲȷʵܲܣ޼ɵߵĽ²Ժǲùˡ
ͣԹ޵ʦӼ˵Ӧý˴úĵϸ
Ǵƾʲô;
ҪȻΪѧˣ
ѧһ˵ñһЩܸó˰ɣܲѧ糹ױᣡ
ʦжϽĸ߶ȲʮֲŲ볣˵ļʣ
ƾʲôԶܵ׷
ʦѧϰһӣҲǿѧվϲµλãʱȻǱѣ
Ϊ˼ţ˵ǴžָĹ
ϾǸողŲӤȥˣǹʹȥƻšƳ̥ʲôҲûпܣ
м˻᲻Ϊ֮Ķأ
뵽ǰѧ߲ﾹ˾ҪԺΪ׸߷ʦͽȥ£ЭԱ֦ʦݸŤ
Ҫ֪಻֪ôѧЭᣬЭܹҲʮˣȴ㼯ѧȨˡ
ʦԼҲʮǬʸ룬ΪЭеһԱ
Ǿ仰ôɵѾͷƾʲôǣ
ʦ뵽׸߷ʦͽ˴˿Ȼͳϣڽͬ־ָŶʻƬ
һ϶ѻȸ˿ǰȥϻʲô˾Ҳ£̶̼׵·ޱȽСģΨٷʲô顣
أԽԽ˵ֻϤļǵҵһĲʼؽŸոյľ
ͳҲָԭ֣Ϊ˶ڴ绰˵ʱסԼһֻ䣬ɤֻͷ˽
׸߷ɺϹ˵ĺǿϧڸסһˣ˵Լû£ü˲Ҫģһ·ȥǶ໨ʱ䣻˵Ǽʶˣ˵绰һ÷Ȧһ¡
ųᣬںͰͨ˷ֻܵϱ༭ŴѣȻȴŬƽذο˵ģв֪Ϊʲôڵ绰ﳳģ̬˿̣˶ƽġ
ϹҲ˲Щ˵ˣֻ鸴ӵȻ˵ˣ
Լʦͽ㲻ǱһһޱȾ޴λ
֪һ˾ͲҪˣ˾ᡣ
׸߷ȻҲЩǶ˲۳в϶ѾõİΣաиĻź뽹ǣȻԲһϲͨȴܴӸղŵĽӴпóа֮ˡ
б£Ը˵һΪξͲܼأ
£Ƕ˻ɽָƽⲿѧĽ֣
׸߷֪ĳЩ˵С˼֮ȴڴ˼յʦܵϢʦ֣Ҹոճأܵӹһ٣˺£
ţһĳˣиⲻЩɡ
ʦɽ϶ڲһ츳ʵ֮ˡ
ҹ˶ʧˡġġηġĽġ
Ȼʲôʱ򣬶ϢޱȺãһҹ
ڶһ磬ճ鷿ҽ뿪ǰȻС˵˾ллɷҹͶڳС
ճѲߣæĻʿĬĬ˱ƽʱˮŽķ䡣´˶дСֽлľٶ
˭Ҳ뿴޹ȥ
һЩϢͨ˵ںеһԺҪۼһȫסоͰ˴ǰл˳һ򽻵ĺ쵼
û취ֻԺĻʿһЩˮʻȥ
ǣ峿ֱӱĿʻˮЩûˡ
ЩԲˡСԬϵͳҲԲˣ˳ͱǹҲԲ¶٣ֻ˷ѡù˳æȥĹ¶ԺԺҲûйЩ˵⡣
ϣҲڵʲôʱһֱ߷һΪ΢Ҳá
һˡʧָҲ¶˵һԲ
ͷȹ˳ص顢뿪˺С
һǵûǴ˵һɻ
ϣȻĴѾɣΪйزŵĸ棬ƬȻûгϡ
ԺҲϲ˳˳˺лͨͨ˷ɻ
ֻǣЩ˻ͨ뷽跨ҵ
֮ǰΪٷ˳˵һֱ徻죬ûܱһרŴǰ˵ĸ̡
ǰͨ˺չ˾ȡ˵ĺϢͬһ˺ࡢͬͷȲյҴ˷ɻսžȲƼǰŵ˾ǰһ
ſȫ룬ɻҲʽɡ
ܵǰʮӣɻѾ㹻ĸ߶ȣҲƽսǰѯʿҪʲôСʳƺ岻̫ãĵرʾǷҪë̺߿档
ЩתͷŴգһʱЩ
Ҳܶ˻ѧʵͬ棬ĳЩ̶ϿƼȷԴ沿֡ɡְܣӳˡıŽߵƶ䣬Ҳһ֮״̬
ֱ״̬ͻȻĸŶơ
ʣִʦ𣿡
˿Ϳ̽ͷѯʣѾŬڣй¶ļʵ֪òҲǳģ
˳ؿһۣܿӼ﷭ǰ˵ϢƼŵĶ³
˽г̣š
䵭ػһ䣬û½ӻء
ЩΣҲϵù˳ģͶʹĿԺ˳ȻһĲ顣
ڹ˳ȫҵͼΪλ飬׶Ȧ˶֪ġ
˵һҵҡӢѧ߾ȻȥźһСŮʵڶˡҲ˵һܻʲô˻߸塢ٵطǿýǮġ
ǰֻЩ鷴ͬ޹أҲûô⡣
ǰüг飬ŷ˳ȻǴôȱǮɺܶණٵͷŷƾǮҲû취ġ
Ǹҵûʲôеʱ䶼˵˽ʱ䡢˽г̡ǧŵһμˣô׷
ִʦҲ֪˷ʵðҵҪ󣡡
۸ϡĵ伮ҩƷˣԸ⸶κδֻۣһң
ҲרռϢ֪ԽǮôأϲãֻܴĳЩСϢȥһ
ո⻰˵ʵίˣʵ˵ʲôҩġźӵĿУֻҪ˫ַϣ
Ҳڴ˿̻ͷӡ
ΪԸһ̸ȴûֺܿתͷȥȻ治ظ
˳ͬ˵һ䣺⵱˹оʵ̫ÿ˵ÿҵҸѡ
һԵϵͳ̲ס˳ƣͥСܼҲɸˣ
Լôû뵽ĻĻⷽԼȻǵúѧϰ
ɫֹ࣬ǽ̡Լȷҵһȹ˳ǿˣһʦеѹǹǱò
һ룬ƼһԼĹ˳ĬĬؽ̬˻ȥ
һһʦϲʵġͬأ
ʦҵĶΣڵϦʱɥĿܣ͵ףһɣ
ʲôҽˣûκΰ취Ҳϰæľûл·ˣ
˵ţ˸ȻԼеݾҪλȥ£
ۼֵޱȿʵ°ʵڡĸ̣ͷҲصصѾҹҽȻҲصѧʿӵҲ
Ҳ˵
⻰ûȻѧбµȻֻǿԼһۣ֪ôϢ
Ҳ֪Щбµѧʦ־ԼĶѶȲСҧҧŵǱ˺ƭһЩõ飬ҲѾõ˳ͷ
Ը־ҿó֮Ҿ׸£
ãŵ㵱Ҫҳ֣
ȴץķεĪһţɶӵϲȥܸÿԼԸײƲڴƵķϱסһɣܿͷӦʣһҡ
治ǿʲô֮ҵķϣֻǿǣЩˣվԹһܡ
ⲻһֱزˡ
Ȼһʮ־ҵ
ͬʱ׶ĳһڴϲסذžȾʵ̫ʹˣ֮Ļ
һĸˣޱˣ⣬ЩӶȫҿ䣬ʵΪү̫ˣ
ֱۡȡؿڶ˴̣أѾ׸ãһľ޴ŧҺǶĵĸùʵ
µĻЩЩ״ǡ˵٣
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ȷʵдˣֻһĩȡ˫ݣԱ֤£


55 
ʱȥˣϽ˸үϵĺ
̫̫ʹȫʪĶ, ֺ£ĸ׵ҾЩǹޱȿ£οˡ
, ڸнòӶֻܶȥϷص߽ȥʲԸֶηظү塣
ǽҿӣ޺ĲҽΪЩԴͻĥˣʹ̡ƫƫҽ˵ЩҺʱ, ƤӲ, Ӷǲò
뵽ҽ̫̫Ӿ
ʼ޺ֱϳһɫĴ, ûô⡣ֱЩԽԽࡢԽԽ˽¿˺öҽ˸Ʒûܽ, ޱֵ͹źµظ˰衣
ϵ˹ҽȫ׼飬ȴɲܽӵõֲۼЩĥسҹ˯ţȻݳƤǵĶӣԽá͹ҲԣϽͽҴг
Ȼ̨ЩǸܵв, Ȼ죡һһֵĹǺֱӰҽǶŵ˳
޺ҲͻȻĳԹĥֱ˹ȥ
, 򸾲ȷŶⲻ, մȾණ
޼Ǯйϵ, һһĴʦɮʦͳͳ
Ǯȥ, ĸ˴󲿷ֶǻӻ˵ƭ, бµ˸޼ү˶£˹洯洯ڡҹĥӰ˵ǣϵȫɣҲͻˡ
Ļ޶˶ѣ˶ʮĶӾȻҪ׵ôԣ
ŴʦӽνĹ洯ȴʾˡ
洯ûа취ƽ⡣Ѿ峤һĹ洯൱ڸ⣬ἤԹһɡ
ǻ׼ڰɡ
ĸ˾ܾ˷˵İ߳޼ұ˹洯˶ǾȡҪγʩߺ⵽ɡҪĻеѶȼҲȷʵ겻ɡ
ͷ϶ð׷ĴȵʱȻ˼Ѿ˥ּܵҵǧȻҵϣ
԰˵а취
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˳춼ǳ̵ľӢйٷֱʣ֤ⷴĺб£ЩͬĴʦҪ
ڣѾĻһĻᣡ
˵Ը֣
ǰӶ͵͵ĳŵ飬̾ǻɣȻԤ顣̫̫žͽӵɷĵ绰˵ˣԸ֣
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һСܽ˷䣬޺ﴲסǿõ֣ӣϾͿԵþˣְҵʦˣ
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Ϊǹ洯ҹĥ޺ⱲӾǺŽ׳ûԹһۡ־ͽڴҲ˵˵
޼˸ְ취壬ûˡ
˵ޱǿҵģǰһϣճֻǲϵĹУȴȻĸ׵ֻƬ˵ҵˣ޺͵һ
衭裬ң
˻Ƶغôһ仰ֻܿסԼĿ
ܵͻ̫̫޲ýԼĶͳаﳤԼϣظʦһܹ
ϣ޼үֲʹ׶Ȧ
Ȼ뵽֣
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ӺˣǾȥʲôǮҲ֪Ժʲôλˡ
λûϵı¶ټ۸ҰͲ۸Щŵأ
һʱ䱩ǣǶ޼ҶӵΪһԵźţҪʽӵˡʦԼԸ飬ܲ˰ɣ
Ҳǣ˭ǮӺö̫أ
ǴʦҲģ
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бҪ
ϣںϵͳСԬǹ洯顣
ϵͳ˵ô᳤ҵϲ鵽洯Щ񡣾˵˫̥ĸбֵܽաڵһļ̥󡣡
ϵͳ˹洯Ϣɲ鵽Ĳ࣬ǿ˲洯ϡ
СԬסԼ۾ȥϵͳͶ洯ƬСͳˣ̫ˣ
ϵͳǹЦǹҮôȻ
СԬϵͳƳһתͷԼĹ˳ͻͶߵ̹ԹԹرͶӰСԬȥˡ
һһͳȰܿͺãȻһ洯ôһ¡
ǰ絹ҲƵĶԹȥ˲丶ɢȥǵĴ۽ԹڳϡǵĿľԶŶԷĥֱԷȥ
ⲿгķʽȻ޷ι洯ֻнԹ׳˵壬пܰѡ
СԬ⻰üͷ벻жĺ⡢ԹŻԸɢȥҲҪû޼үѾ϶˶ԷһǸʮ֮ˣ뵽ӦǼңһʱЩᡣ
ΪʲôԸӦǸأ
ϵͳû뵽ô࣬ԿҪôԹѽ
ҡҡͷ˭˵ҪԹˣ
ѾԽԽԽԽؿڳԵĹ洯޶ﻹҶȡģڶ޼˾ͿŶӴʦǰȥˡ
ҿֱ𣿡
ĵһ䣬ûԼֵķáûʴƵ飬Ҳû޺ڵΣֱֻܲ
ҲһֱȤ
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û˵꣬Ȼػ˾䣺ȻӰҡ
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ʦԸึһЩӦǱֱˡ
һϽ˳ӵ໰֮һҪึ٣Ѳɺһ˶ˣ
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ѧֱٴοϢһȶֱӱˡֱĹۿ˴κܿͻǰļ¼һ·ҷ죡ǸġϲġҪġʾģҲֱͻȫ¼
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žһɶڳ˶̲סüͷҪסڱǡĸҲЩҪŻϷǸ˺ܾõ⡢˶ζҪŵĶһһŨˡ
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֮⣬һְ취ǿһԣ
˲ӵԸĸﻹ˵飬ֻˣ˾ʲô˵
ȴȻ˷Ļ˹洯˶ǾȡΪʲôҪĶˣѵǮľʲô𣿡
洯ڰγô죿
ڲͬĵĻ˲ѵľ裬Ǻ֪顣ǰ漸¼ĴѧˣȲʾͬҲֱӷҿǻҪ˵ʲô
ԹԶ뿪
⻰ֻ̫̫ҪӻôԵУͷܳ֡ȴһɲ̫õζҲԤ֮СֻҪһ˽͵ȥֻҪǮȻ
ĿϼѾɥʧ֪޺ڲһ˿쳣ѵؿˣֱֱײ˫˰۾
ͬʱ˶еһоһ󿴲ȴ֪Ķ֣һеĴڸбȻѹÿϵë𣬴ͷƤ鶼о΢սʲô϶صѹ˵ĶԽٶۡ
ָ֣޺Ȼ;һᣬĵһγ
ڻָת޺￴ǰĪ˸еηŮٿĸĸ׹֮ǰ˵ҵĸˣ
˷ܵؾȥԼ˲һϽΪʲôڣ
ع޺ע⵽ΪʲôһĸˣֻԼдֲˢţܰӵүһӦ¶صȻ
ϽκãֻҲ̸ÿˣң
ֻǣոֺþöûɡĸо˵仰ʼȥϤʹ·޺һѱһ´ӱǰ˾
װ˹ԣ¸оĹ洯ĵѹȥ
ȻǰŮѹ˹洯Ϊʲôץɱ洯ڵʲô
ȵ̫̫ŸΪʱ̫ãǿưγ洯ҲûֻմʦĻԹԸ뿪壡
޺侲ǰöû˵ٿֻϵֱŻǰ˭
׶ﾭΪ棬ݴͨȴͰֱ
ٶȿڣڣ˵һ˵ǴĶôԹöԷ˶Ҫ㣬ĥֱ
ĻҲˢʵ㶼Щ캦ĵĻ롣
ƼǿµĹ޺һʱĳ棡Ҳĸĸһ㣬Ѿûѡ
Ϊϳ˾޴ԭòҲ˱ε޺￴˺һŻڣҵȷ㲻ʲôˣҲΪʲôᱻôԹޣҪܵı
ĻȻǲŵģ
ÿһʼҪģǰЩСϷûõģʵɣ
ôǸɣľͨ˰ɣԼǮƾ͸ֱͨˣˬԷҪݺݽѵ˲ڽ£˶Է
ȻҲôҿոһʵӦò˵ϴѧͬѧ˱ˣ
ƼĲ²⣬޺һЦŹҴѧҵˡûаʲôͬѧûбͨҾͬѧòţͨѹжٽˬļ򵥽ѵһ¾ǣҲûպͨһֱƽϡ
ȷû֮ǰôˣ洯һֱͼƿ޺壬еʵͬʱҲܵ˺ܴӰ죬üŭ
־ۻᡢſ̼ϷĲƷѾæˣΪʲôҪΪ˰һͨ˱˵ķɷգ
޺ﾡǻشϵʣֻԭԭ¶Ϊĵİ
ЩŮѱȻ·Ҫ죬ò֮ǰӦԶ˶һŪ̫Ůԣ⵽˼ҵı˰ɣ
˳˸ϣ޵Ĳ²⻹õ˲˵ͬ޺ﴹۡȷǽ١ŮѡܶŮڱֺҲҪú
ҳҰ棬龭ȽϷḻҲȷкܶ˵ң𣿡
òȴޱȳª޺ȫ簮ô̸࣬Ȼ·˲ƾʲôҵֲֹҲ˵ģֻ˵ıҳ˶ǡ
ۼϻǲţܵͬʱֻܵңҲۺĸŮһ𶼾Բǡ
ǵΪЩǵҰҪΪһǽ󲻵ݳ޵ˣ˷ʲô
ҳʲôǳʲôҴʲôǴʲôҪʲôĶ򵥣ڻҪң
ȴޱʵĻ˳Ĭ˸Ӽţոշ̫Ѱ۵˺ֿǻˡ
޺ĶЩŮô𣿡
Ķôá𣿡
޺ҲĻŭлֱ˵װ
ӦûüǵЩŮղAʲôɣӦȥ
޺ɫȻһ䣬ܿʹص˴ϣǹ洯Ȼܵ˴̼Ҫǰˣ


56 
ղAĸǽʦ, ĸǸʦСɼ죬ǳͣһֱǵԶˡ
ѧʼĿĴ˵, ƯŶգÿ궼Ҫӵ
׷˺ܶ࣬ղAǼĻڴѧ֮ǰ̸òܾȫ, רѧҵ
˴ѧ, ĸȻϸ׼ȴҲúܽ
ѧİǶݵģҵԺ˶Ҫֵ𡣡
ŮӼ̸Ҫע, ˣҪƭˡ
ղAĸĸųĴŮ, ƴѧƯÿȵϵǣͬʱҲʮעĸ
ղAͳкӲܹ⿴Լͥı涼Ҫǡ
ղAԼδѱҪǸʮˣҪᡢרһ
Ȼôܾˣڴѧﵥ꣬ΪѧԺ֪ĸ֮
һʱ, ڽѧԺһѧ׷ղA׷ĽԷѧԺҲ֪, òʵͦղAı׼ˬѧ, ܾܶŮ, ͶղAͦġ
ǸֵĽߥ, ղAЩҡ, ԥôѧһ᲻̫ˡ̫ˣ
Ӵʱ仹ԷҲûʽıף᲻ʵԷûôϲ?
ʱ޺ˡ
㷢СŮѳȥ棬ڽѧ¥µ˵ʱƼ¿εղAһ顣
У԰ĳܲղAղA˵⳵˧Ϳ޺ڳóֻղAգ˲伤
ղAϵǲ㰡
ղA⻰Ҳ̲סܳȥȻڼʻλϵֻŵֶ˼£̲סüͷ
˲ͬôյģûò
ղAҲûȥۣ֪˷ױϡͬѧǶڿܳȥ˷עĿǾİɣҲûʧʲô
޺ͷС˳극ܵư档
ưֳֶڼݡǿҵĹĵ㡢ĵƹ⡢ľƾƯŮˡЦˣｻײЦǵľ뱻ü
޺ȻĿǵõľƣʱʱ˹ͬѡ
Ȼ޺˷СŮߣøոҲ˲پƵСЩš
޺ȺмͥҲòõģŮǰͺ̾Ҫ˼۹ⲻһĸߡ
СһĶ̶̼ʱ̲ס棬ֱյĶʣʶ
ֻĻϺȻոĵղAƬ
ŮҲܿϳƬϵˣæղAͬѧϢת޺ղAѧԺԺȷʵͦƯġ׷˺ܶ࣬Ǻûѡ
С޺ǿղAҲܿѹ޺ûϹԼ
ںøֺãСŮ㣬ǸоͦԵġ
Ѻͱ˺ƾͿŮѺ޺һЩţСյĻܿ׹§סȤϲģ
û޺ȻģͬҲޡ
Ȼ˵ͨŮһۡ㹻ƯҲҪãҪɡɰ崿ԲۡҪĻԵով;ǸŮͦϲġ
ү׷ŮⷽжˣڶͿųղA¥¶ˡ
ղA¥ȥ͸ҽܣҪ΢š
ղAֻĪ¾ܾ޺ϲ˵ʱƢǼõģһֱͣ
ʵҺ׾ͿҪ΢ţñֱƸҾͺˣֻţҾûԼ
ղA⻰겻ɢֻܶ˵Һ㲻죬ҪҲͨġѾӰ쵽Ͽˣ
޺ŭҲÿЦˣĲˡ
Ȼͣ˽ŲҲӰϿΣ¿ġ
ղA˶٣Ҳѽ˽ҡֱȷѲŰԵղA쿪ܳǸ˰ɣһ𣿡
ղAҲʶԷѺԼҧ˵֪ܳҪǮԷûͦ˧ʱ
㲻˺ܲ𣿼һҪϵʽ˽Ǹʲôˣѡ
˵Ĭһֵָܻģǲʲôġ
ŵ˷ܾҲɢȥˣղA˵ĶԡС˵ĸ㣬ʵûô򵥡Ҫ˼ֻźղA棬ǻ˰ɣ
޺ôԷֵǷϾû׷Ůˡ
׷˿ʲôǳ⣡ϵĸͬʱԼϵĸҲġ
ղAʳʳãղAҹҲһСʱĳÿܣղAӲ׼ůֱҽҩ˼װ±ҲղAһ޺Ķ
㲻Ҫˣûܵġ
Ǳ±̵ضѾ׷һʱ޺ͨ뺡
޺ҲȥΪʲôһҪǧ֮⣿
ղAػش𣺡ֻΪҵϲңҸÿأ淢ҵĸԺȤأȫͬͥദкܶì𣿡
޺Ҳ濴ղAƯСҶεػش𣺡ΪʲôҪô
ȷʵϲмǲأ
ղAƽԭʮǿҵĴڸиԣôѵһȫӳˣȻ󰴲ͰغӴü꣬ϲʣ
ҾܺãҾԸȱ㡣ϲңҲԸҵĲ㡣
ʵĺϲٷֿ
޺ȵĺղAϣ㲻ҪôСҪôܾˡ
òһ֣ԽӴҾͷԼԽϲ㡣
ղAԼǵСȴѾƲס٣ϰԿô˵ͼı޺
Ϸ˺ղA޺Цݸ˴͵͵Ŀֱ׶רעֻɰ
ˣǲʵҲһϲˣֻǲҺҽ
޺ϷʵĻղAҪ⣬ȴҲ֪˿Լж̣ǼᶨԼ뷨ֻ棬ǲһ·ˣΪֹɡ
˵꣬û޺ٿڣֱܻᡣ
ȥԺŷԼﻹǱ±ԼΪȷʵ̫ˣ˺þãղAԥšƿǡ
ȵҩˮһ˲˵ϣͬǸȵĸԺͿ
ղAЩ㱣զզۣҸо޺ϲСAģ棿
˵޺ѵŮѾǽѧԺԺ˵޺ȻǮ˻ͦõġ
ѧûˣǲǷ˰
ղAӺңðſֻ޺ϢҳԶٷɣܾҪĺԼһΣȷǲʺϲİɣ
ӣ˾׷ôãͨѶԳԵķԼһ١
ûнκΰȴڲ֪ԼȷЩԲ޺ղAǱ±Լûпܡ
ҲӦ̫֣ȥһΣܾһΡ
ĸүҲûҪԼôһͨôɣ
ҪʲôŮûأ
ղAû뵽ٷ׸ı
ӵ׶ĲõĹ۾λϣרŵ߷רҵŶӰࡣ޺׼ȫղAĲɫóزϵĴٵ׼êղAϲá
һ޺ࡣ
ԼʵҲкܶͬͨһľ䣬ģ¼ҳǩ֡װҵ˴ǽӿȥѧУȥͬѧգֱŤֺͺãڼ׵ȵȡ
ϲ˶ѩ߶а򶼺óרѧϰܳһʱķ۸Լһһʱ䱣
˵һֻèһֱֻ޻Ǻرɰ´οԴȥǣҲһϲղA
޺ﻹһЩŮװÿڿע⣬Էʲô˼һ۾Ϳó
Ҳ֪ߵ˴ǳԼǮģֻҪԼԸ⻨ǮʲôԸ
Ҳϲǣϲ㡣
ҲóҶˡ
үֿıףٴδֱ
ղAŤͷȥҺӣȴÿشǰ׶ôLHYZYľĻǳ·˷̾ҲôδղAסˡ
Ȼ޺ͷȻȥ
ȵרעƺҵԼĴ
գղAҵشӦʽ޺Ůѡ
󷽵شȥʶѣԼŮѡ޺ڲԷʱĳҲղAֵָ׼ͨ˸벻ϲ
ղAһʼСͶ뵽۵С
ϵƽһЩöԷ޺ǻһظҪƽЩֻҪķһľ㹻
Ҳȷ޺ʶ˸ӷḻʵܳסľƵꡢμ̵ľۻᡢµķ͵͵ܵȼ١ˣ鵱صɫʳܵԼרҵĴţղAֻôǰδ˿ֹ
Ҳȫĵذ޺
޺Ƶû֮ǰˣղAظԼĲڹڡ¡ȥ˾ѧϰһϵɣοԼⶼġ
˵Ĺϵ𽥱ѯʲôʱпգÿԼǰ⾫ĵؼԼ칻ÿûбøá
ã޺ھưͬöŮܺ
ղA޺һܣ˵˷֡
޺¥վСʱ᲻Ѵ찤ˣȷ϶ԷֻǺЩ棬ʵϵʽû£ǿͺá
Ƶ֮ٴη޺֪ʲôִ磬ƯŮԶܾ²ûĴǷʲô˵Ů̫ˣҲס
ղA͵͵ĴԽԽ࣬Ҳࡣ޺ﱧԹЩŮƴԼˣҲû취ܼܲ˾ƿ
ǣʼҪ޺һȥ棬ȥЩưɡŮڳЩܸ˰ɡ
죬ͬ޺棬һơûãղA;Լ⿺ܣ޺һֱͬҪ衣ܿþήңע޷УҲۡ
ѹûעŮѺԼĶ޺ﲢС쳣
ֱڶΣۿղA˾ʱȻԼľƣüͷ˵ʲôֻû˵ڡ
ؿղAʲôӦ
Сͨ죬˳ֳһּΪĿ˷ܣֳƽȫͬջ飬ЩԭȻŮĸ޺ɴȥ˸ĺƵ꣬׷һҹ
ղAЩԣ޺˵ãԼȵľϿʵܸߡ˵˾ֱǷſһøʡ̼
޺ԼȵĶܳ⣬ղAغ˹ȥ
õЩΪ׷̼顣
޺¶һЩǻص˸ոʱָֻܰľƣȻһǰûĴ̼ԡ
ղAɵģÿκȾƺķӦ̫ԾʼĪشǷ飬ȥ޺﾿ʲô
ھƵ귿ҵ˵ɫĩ״Ķ׻ղA
˶ʮĹԹŮЩԸʶˣΪⱲӶܺͶƷнӴֱӱˡ
һشԼεѣôҲ벻ͨȻǸӣ벻Ȼ⺦ԼҲ˶Ʒ
޺ﻹͣЩǺϷģǵһºգҪģ
ſɵ˵ղAͷظֲɵЩȺܺãҲߣʲô𺦵ġ
ղAźǶƷǶƷֱӱסͣˣ
㲻ϲԺþˣ
޺￴ǱղAȻ;ҲˣôһСһĵСңԼҲˣԸҲȷͦȤ
һΣҲ̸Ĺˡ
ΪϲղAֵʱ׶һլԿ׸˵ķղAԺκε鷳ǿ׶ĵؽ磬ҲһԱ֡
ղAֻ˫ĿʧؿʣȾ˶ô죿
޺ﲻΪʲôҪ㣬żʳһûµģЩΪƷʲĲŻĽ䲻ˣҲܹһӡ
δ˵꣬Ͼͱݺݴһƣ
ղAֻ˵һ֣
֮޺ӵԼԿףġָ˺ϴ˼û
񣬺Ȼֱ乫ֽ֣֮Ůѣͬ˲ʱյ޺Ȼǰ飬ʹڴϴӣѵԼ洯ղAĹ
͹ԽԽһŮ˵Ҳֳ
ֱĹڶɵˣֱķֱӸ˴ˣֱֹ䱻˾ٱҵ
ô񻯵򸾸Ͻ֣ʦȾҶӣܳ°
ϵҲʹŤطХΪֲǹ洯
˺㾭ĥϡͿҲˡ
õĳͷ𣿡
վǹ洯һ˵Լ˲ˣ־ֺޡȻҲк޶Ӳ˴ȴҲ˾飬Ӧǽִ£ҪΪǣ
ǹ洯ԭûǡֻʣԹĻֳŮ˾Ȼƽٶ
ԼոѾ߱Ե޺˿̿޵ñղAҪǱӳªʼϵظղAǸ˵ԼʱӦöԲ˵ԼҲ֪ôأղAమһķϡ
ոƽĹ洯Լ֣మһķҪֱ޺ʹû˵Űݡ
ֱֻܿһŵˣȴ˵ҲղA֡
Ȼ˷ԣҺ񡭡ʶ˵ˣǲ֪ǲͬһ
Ƿ׷״ߴ˵һ˵
ҵĸѧ㣬˵ǸУƯģ޵кÿɼҲáŮ񡣵Ǻ˵ӴѧѧˣȻȫϢˡ
ôһ˵Ҳ˵ôһˣ˵Զˣ
뵽˵ɢȥҲҪԹ˲ˢ˾𣿡
޼ȻҲ֪ղAǲǻţӺֵʱû£ΪʲôҪôϺ
Ѳɣлǲ֪飿
ǰǸղAֵ˴˿ҲޱȺԼΪһʱߣȻ޺ǣһ𣬸Ǻ
ǰׯǺɫѪ˿Ŵ˵޺һʹһǣղAû޺жð
ٷԣֻ֮Ĺ¡
֮ѧУﴫ˲ٷԷܶ˵˦ˣˡ˵Ǹ֮ʵҲǸݽŮǮݡ
ͳǶʱʧԼҪ顢ҥԵղA鴫ֱˡ
ˡʹࡢֻšԱ͸йڶֻһŨصԽκһ˳ѹĺڰƺԶɢȥܣֻѡ
ܿˣһǲޱأҪˡ
ܽࡢʧܣѾûϣԼ޷δһ˿һҪĸȣõȴǼ˵ķŭָáԹ
԰ڶͱǮŪִֻȻȾ϶񫣬֮ʱ˵ԸûһŮΪ˼ĳĻ
ϣղAˡ
һʲôûдˡΪǰĸûҪ޺ҲֻȻһ뿪Ƭء
棬Լ̫ʹˣҲ౾޷ֿħջԼµ·
ղAˡ
޺˵һǮõõġĶƷ˶뱣ҽƣܿƽ֧źܾúܾöֲ̫쳣
Ϊѹ񫣬ķѴǮȥȡ˸ΥҩƷһãܿͻΪ㹻ѹƲסʳתΪע䡣
ټ̬ϵĽ֪ͷƷһ˲Ľ֣Ѹ
ղAҲˣòѡΪṩҩȻͷ֮ʱǿ
ڰֻӺڰĵطҲز
ղA׻ˣЩĵġġġ̵ľ˾ꡣ
ѡԼʱ޸ĸҥԵ׷ߡ޺Ūĸ飬ֻΪʲôûиǾ˶ƷΪʲô˵ˡ
˵Ľֱ֣Ĺֻܸܵľʹޣȴ֪ΣֻĬĬҲ֪Ϊʲô
ΪЩ£ղA֪Ǻܽģ㲻
Ψз޼һУãȻ𾪵ö˵
ǰ֪Ӵ˶Ʒ̫̫һЩȴһֱ˵ôҲ벻ӾȻһŮһ
޺ﻹ˼ᣬ˵ղAôôɵԲҪȴֻǱ洯ٶĥһ
ǶԲȥ䶾Ȼ־ԸȥЩȾ϶ˣ԰Щ˺ˣĸĸϣ֮ҪʲôǶӦ
ֻҪһ
̫̫ȻŶϵĹ洯ͿʼͷҪɱӣҪȻԼҲˣ
ؿͷﻹո̫̫š߹һһ£ֱͷѪ
ϣؿǵĲƲܾȺܶˣȺܶ౻ȾˣҲӦǿԹԼɢȥܲܲɣ
Ĺ»ûء
µĴڴˣ֪𣿡
л˵
䰮Զ붾Ʒ


57 
黹û, ̫̫һĨЩ˹ȥҲؽҪԤ޼Ȼ˴δйشΣܿҪȥˡ
ֱȻղAϷʲô, ȴΪĪͬܵľ϶⸻Ǹͬû뵽ϻֻһ£
ʲôȺһԭӦӵĻŮҪص£
˼ֱе
ȵش޺ծʲô£ڶʵʵ
̫̫̱صɷϣѾȥ֪ô, ᲻سŵԼӡ
Ըĸ˿̶ܵͬĳ, ԤĽ֡
һµ޺ƴԼʲôȴһӸѰͷ
ղA˼άѾˡ, ԰áõ̬ҳôµ, ֪ĸĵطԼ
޺֪ԼǸˣȴûҪղAֻĲЩ鵱°ˣ
ȻҲ벻Լڡ䡱ЩصĴһʱֻּ£
ҡҲ֪
޺˶ʮ꣬ҲΪ˶ʮ꣬ͻȻ롢ʡڣͬһ飬ͷ
һΣĸĸΪڹ, ͼԼĹ, ޲ýҲݺʹһ٣
ʾ֭֮ʱ, ϵĹ洯ɭؿԣ벻Լÿһ¿ĺ𣿡
Ѫ, , Գб, ³Ҳǣ
˵껰ԹؿһԵ򸾣ǶͷƤ飬ë⻹ǹ洯һ ۾εؿǣֱҪҲԽС
ȷûһǮƣַݶӵĸĸղAҵ¼㲻ᷢ
޺ΪЦĶ⡣
ǴӴ߳ĶˣŹ֮ܿ췴Ӧ洯ܹͨǾͻлȰ˵ŹӣֲΡΣֻҪһϣ
׼ͬ洯̸ѯôſԷźһͻȻһ
̫̫
Ӷ˵ڹؼʱ̵̫̫תͷһУ˵˲׼𣡡
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洯ĳѾֻʣһ񲻹Ϊ˹ĥ޺ⰴסջе뷨һʹ죬Ҳﳹɢ
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Լ飬;˶ˣ
֮˱ͨ˸һȵĻҪŭվԱߵĳ忡ȴСڣǰҲ⼸ӡǾһɡ
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̫̫һܲ˹ȥҲԿհףһЩվסŵ˵ʲô
ЩӣԸҡȰ֪ģɶôһµǣһ
ǿд̵¶ӹ˹洯ıⱲҲͬڳ׻ˣ
ҲܲסĴͬǰһ󷢺ڣ
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尲ʡֺܾãץס˵صһƶͨαװֳͨ򵱵صĴһͬ뵽Ʒ˼һׯֽЩƷС
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ЩΪƶԭϿֳⷿ޴ζƶŷŵŨһζ
ССĴׯÿ춼ҪĶƷַȫء
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УҲŵ޺ϡ
ȫ֪Ƽ̫үȻ漰˷ƶУ׶Ҳڰչ飬ֻǸող鵽ص֤ݣ˹洯һ¡
־ΰ˵˼ȷ޺γѣҶѵ׽͡
ҡû롣˵Ļ鷳ڹҲкܶĺõģҾһԸǵǮȶ
Խ˵ԽҪΪԼ׳һ㣬ҪֳԼ顣
ҪǮûҪðգ
֣֪ģҲôɵ
ץס˸׵·ס˾ݣȷʵкܶͷٻ֪ģܶ˶ƭӣ
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ȻȥȴûѵȴΪĶӡ
ˣһжˡ
˿̣ܿݳªɲĶӣȻСʱʱҲ㡣ӲؽƱ磬ȴͰ͵ؿǣ¶ʵ֪˵ģǵԭ
һΣͬ˶еϴ֪ȷû뿿ıȴҲȫȫûһ
ŶЦĹҲͻȻ˹洯ʱŹӵԭ
ղAҪҵ³Ӳһ
޺ﻹҪ͸׽֪Ǯȡɣ֪ԷТԼЩǮЩȻνķֺ죡
ղAڵľ棬޺ʼվԼǲ˻ɫشӦ䵽³
һֱڴǰУۼֱ޺ҪׯҲ̲סЦ˳Цȴ̫ˮ
ղAͬѧѧĵһϲŮԽӴԽöԷԼС
ׯʼû͸¶İĽ֮⣬ĬĬŹϵѣ׷̸ͻȻ˦С
ѧУＫذղAͣˣȴٳЧ
ûղAҪվղA뿪ѧУ֮Ҳûл
ׯŷԼİԭѾ裬²һҲҷ˵Ѷ
û뵽ͬԱϸղAļңõҳߵϢǰһ죡
֮ׯܰѧʼϵѰղA
ʱкܶ˰ղAĸĸѡѣҵ޺ʶһЩˣڴղAǰʲô顣
ҵղAʱȴѾԨ
ʳע䣬ù˵ĶͲʱʲô˵óĳԼǸĵղAϳԼʶղAֻ˵ϴˡ
ׯþа취ҪȴȲǿȻҪ˽ҵĺѾȾ϶塣
ղA˵˵ĶҲȥȥˣôõղAˡ
ʱׯܻٽӴЩƷޱʹЩղAҪصȫۡ
ͬʱ֪޺˽¾ȻҲͶʿרŵƶ㣬ΪȺר
޵Ļ泹ȼһҪ޺ﳹ׸ۣ
ΪˣΣѼ֤ύҪ޺ܵɵƲãҲĴѰܹİ취
޺ĶҪĶһëǸׯ̬Ť֮뵽ڹ֮˵
ʬȥ𻯣ȻЩ˵ͷָסǻռһ˵İ취һһԡҲַ֪Чʱˡ
⵽˱Ӧ
ׯΪղA𣬻ʱ뾫ϼûһǮǷһѵծ
ڣ޺⵽˱ӦҲڿԽѣĥˡ
ϣǹ洯ࣺǲղAˣеǹͬԹޡ
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Ļǹ洯ֳòȴڲϵرţһֳ˵һֳŮ˵С٣
Щͬһ͹Ҫҧǰˣһػĥ˵ĻᣬͬʱϿ޺ŶƷǵĴݲУ˵ĲЩɱ֡
ǹµĳطսľҲëȻһ
ϵĿ־ȥԺͷӿǸǿҵķŭĶƷ֪˶ˣ˶սϵֵܣ
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ְһҪңǱݺģǱ˺ãһжû뵽ģ
ǹǻľ죬޺һʱ侹ȻֲǼ洯ĥãǱץΪã
ȴ֪׶ּȻѾ˴ҵ˵潲һְ飬֤ȷ䣬񲻹̰ˡ
Լȷֶ˵ãɵɵٵʱٶǮ͹ϵҲȲĶ
Ƽ̳ƶϢһΪĹ˾Ҳؽܵ޴ɼ۱
Ҳʲôס
̫̫ѹ˵˵ĲΪǵǮƶȴѾΪʱ
־ΰڵĵĵǱģžֵĸĽ죬ԺһֱԳǿȴƷʹ׶һʱ䶾ƷϡȱѾˣ֤ƾ˭ĹϵȲ޺
ֻǵ޺ϵĹ洯Ǿܲץ
ûüʣ˾Ѿˡ
̲סһԵʵڲרҵķ룬ܲܵõһĴ𸴣ͼȻ۾гһǶȫĻ
ÿ˵ĶĤ÷¶ȶȻ½˼ȣͿֲĸо˵ĶĤǸнȴϸϸɳɳĻǰֶ
棬ȻվĴҪѰʲô˵ʧѾõĳԡ
ʲôԤԣȴֲ˵ˣֻ˵ʧط
ҼȻ˵ˣ˭ղ
ָ޺ϣЩڻĶ˶סȻû洯ȴмܵĶǱһһ㣬ҽŻҷ
Щɪɪ֪˵ȻдȴǱݺյԹҲȿֺӦոЭ顣
Ӧ޼˵ĵΪֹȫС
ҹܵĶȻ֣ʹ˱
ӦҵĳͣҲǧҪʳԡ
һԼ֮ļҲ׳ȥȻĺ鵽ǽˡ
ϡͿֱȴ֪ȥҲ֪ȷֱֵǶЩȻʧֻԼʱעһصűһÿܵƲã
ڳǻСԬȴװףǹ洯н̸
ǹ洯˵Թؼ죬Թֲͷ޺ĻԹӳ죬ò˶þͿһҪжҪٿȥ˺Ǽлˣ
Լ˳޺ܹʹ࣬ԴԹ
ÿһԹ޺Ϻ󶼱ԸȥһԹ
ʱϵĹ洯Ҳİ취һ䣬ֲµġ
ҲҪһһεϣвϷ٣鱻Ʒǵľǿδ
洯еԹԩĿµϢǿĶȻּû˹ܿ쾭ͬͬ
޺ﲻȥֹֻʹڰ֮СҲ˶޼˵ĳŵס
ЩԹҲ¹أӭ´ε
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ţȻġס˹洯Ҳ޺ᱻĥһѧʿ֪ոշʲô
ǻȴ͵ȵزͷǹ洯ĥˣʲôֶʱѹƻߺƭסǣ㶼裬еΣԼ
ΥӤ麦ˣѾѧ繫ϵʵеȥܳͷ
ԼҪԼܳͷֻȺʵڷˡ
ѧ޽ɣδŵĶʲô
˵Ǵ˰Ե붨㶨
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֪ٷһֱѧеҪҲ֪ѧĹҪȷ̫ռֻӲ
Щ˿ɲҪۣҴһźĪƺ󡣡
־ΰЩѧϽʲô²ʵΪΪҳҪ룬Ƶģ
̤αģ
ǲǲҪƺ󣡡
ۿ߾Ҫ˳˳ƢĻû;ʲôͻҪ
ѧĹҲԣҲҪùٷʲôƷԣж£
̸֮˵֪ܣɸҽս飬һϸ£
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ҲֻǫرʾһʲôĲ˵ȷʵ䡣
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58 
Ƽ̫ү޺Ͷƶ, ʳƷһع⣬ͬըҽ˷ˮΪ˽Ŀš
Ӹ罻ý塢վֱСֻϵͷϢͶڸٱ, ȫȶȾӸ߲¡
ʵƶݺЩԭʮе۸ֱӼǵķŭ
һʱ䣬Ƽ޺˺Ĵ
ըˣͶƷմߵ˶ȥ
Щ̫̹̫, һֻ׷̼Щƶϵ, ǲ̫ˣ
ҳ𸻣ͷмǺúˡµģԼɣҪˣ
Ǻ, һѹͷΣʲôΪ츣ҵĻ, ̳ôĶӣԼʲôûƼһڣ
뵽ЩƷٵˣڼһߵľҾʹ˭ǮҲܴĵߣ
Ⱥ鼤ܣƼĹɼҲ֮Ƶ̡¼ųȥ³ְ񣬲֮ļҲֽ֧ѽ䶾ļһһϵоٴ룬Ȼûǵ
Ʒǵߣݴ
׼ִʦӵЧΡշεĸǴ˿̶缦, Ĭ
֪Զͨ˸, ޺ϵĹ洯Ȼ, , ҪĥԹ, ĥ˲Ż뿪
޺ĵϸǵһɶ, ޼Ҳƺ⵽˱Ӧ鶼ͬܲ˳
ԭȻ޼ҾȥļСʱһ
ЩӲ̫ɾԭǿˮתת˵˴Ϣϴͷ
ң治ңҲ̫ˣ
޼֣ûһµˣЩҴ롢޲ôӴ˶Ҫע⵽
Ҫͨѧֶλúôмô˼ģոճΪĵôѸٵر߳Ŵʦ
ΨмҪ˻ɴϢǣߡ
ͬʱѧͳʿս飬ʽչƴҲ˽
ִˣǲ룬ԳûЩˡʵڲУҲ
ѧ̫ͨңԶЩҪ׼Ҳףͷһ¡
սĵϣյΪ׵Ļˣʱ䡢ص㡢ƴݶϸϸ档
û˵ʲô֪ȴЦһ̾ĳЩ˻ǲҪ
ذףɫ۾ˡԼ⡢ԼôãҲӶˡ
˴Σдӵֻ鲻ĸС䡣ԼѡҪƴݣʵȻɽҽࡢĸ֣ȫ׼ΪĲһ
Ȼʤޣ
ǵһɳ˲ãܸ油Ū˺սأ
ϵͳûôֻ࣬ǼغСԬһ׼ӿںԼӦԮľַСȣͼֱµ湫˾ŷڱǰСԬҲǡ
ôأ
һͳһȻͬʱС˴⣬Ψһࡪ˳
ûʲôԣҲ͵ù˵Ĺ˳һ͵ش˸磬䵭ü۳ֳɻҪðˣ
ѧŸʵҲв˷ǳԴ˴εıƴʾʵڲʡӮֻ˵һӶ⣡
ɱĶҪϰһѧΪж󣿡
ĳɽͷаͬշзνƴûѧֵǮǿ˱ζ
ⲻǺܶ˶֪ıǴģ֪ļĶһЩ˵桰𡱺һҲܿ
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һ˼ص˵ͷٷǵ̬ʵڲô֮ǰ˵ͷŻıƣҲչչѧı£
˰;ѾܹԤԣ츳ȻˡǵٹЩ꣬ǰ;ɹ
˴γĿɲЩӼ˼ҲǾž޵ţֲС츳̬ͬ˸ʱ䣬յĽ
˶Ѿı츳಻Ϊȡյʤ
ֻ˵ſϷС
ľУеķۼ˲ˣǶӦʦҪʱһ׶޼ҵǰһСʱ֪Ǵ˴γȻҪ˱ƴʹŸʡ
ʦкˣǰһֱԼ𣿡
ľмѭʵڿһۼǺܶ˶̽ҵ滳Ǳ˶
ڳĸλС츳ڣ̤ѧ֮·ҵʿȻ֪ʲô飬̫ס
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ãֶһξۻᡣ
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ȫͷദңǴġҪһ˭֪ʻѡóĲþһš
Դ磬ഫŴʥ˸ı仯Ĳݱ䡢㷨չ׻ţǣƶ鼪׵ԡʮԣĸɣ
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ûĽסˣǵ˵ԼҲǼ׳ģ·˼ɻ䡣
ȫֵ뷨Ǽ򵥣Ϊλ׼Ϊ׳ɰѾעԲ֮Ӧ顣֪飬ǳǰҲʲôӰ죬αȥ
Ժϴ
ԴԺ󣬹˳ҵΧ̶һݣΪȫȨʳסеȻҲ˸زϵı仯
ʼͬһʳֻǶʳƷҪ󼫸ߡ
죬ѾκʳˮνϴҲ߸ʽˡΪǷĻ϶һڳ۹
ͬʱʧȥƵ岿λҲѾСӵ˴ȵĲ֡
һЩ˰ЩΪҪǸ
˳ߣ侲ѧ˸Щûеرȷ̫ˡ
ܲ˵Ⱦͱȡ
һЦڵһ˿Ȼʧȥһ֧䲢ûжκεӰ죬Ϊ֪ԼһλָķøǿĴۡ
ϤǿȣȻǵЩ桰Ϸġ
սŵֻҪӮ˱ԴӦһ顣ĶǾܵĵ伮Ҫ˼һ䱦Ҫĳ˳һΣԼѡ
˳֡䱦ûʲôȤŨϡжϲ㡢ôıҲ̫ۣҪΨһһĶѧ缸ĵ伮
ĵرʱȲڵ磬ǵǻȴһ
ʮÿǻ۳ɹҲѧǰкĵᣬִЩѧɡ
˳㣬˼˽⡣ѧ̽¼ĹɣѧϰѧȻҲǱͨ˸ҪӽĴڡ
һһѧӰ첻СܿЩ伮ȻҲͶ˸
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սϵϢ֮ٶ¶Цݡ
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۾ƺѾ˯ҹ֮ɢĹâĳֲͬѰʾδ˯š
ճ˯ߣʵҲУֻΪָԽ࣬ϵҲԽﶼǹ㡣
˿̣תŴǰеĹع˽յĵãΪ㡣
ֻǻָ
ţһγֱѧʽõ˴ӽδе飬ҲȷԼĻԵ磡Ȼܷ˶ԼҪ
ϵͳһνֵȷȹס壬ӳԶֵ̫
ĸֵиֵĸ߶ʱǰ֪Ǿ۽ϵЩҲ߳ȫµһǰĵ
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ĵصѡ׶һƬɽ֮УĵַԶǸʮ׼ʱˣֻ
һ·ϣϵͳѾͨǿϢͨѶһĳزãʱʱط
Щ˻ͦﱸȻ̨ӶˡѾ˲ˣЩ϶ŸַȷȴǰЩһ㡣
ȻˣǾөͬԣٺ٣
ϵͳʵʱתһƨʾϧûжľ֣ҪȻ϶ȫƲѺӮ׬һʣ
ƳһۣǺʱȾ˶ĲĻëʲôʱܶôĲƲϵͳϽסԼͣʾⶼС˵￴ģͶǵСӶԱÿζӮˣ
˼ֻˣ
ô֪ҾǸǣ
֪ϵͳƽֵӾ硢ӰС˵ҲʱʱȤ
ϵͳ⻰ָС˵϶Щÿȵģûܣ治ǣҲһԺҪĽָŮ
ƤСԬпϵͳԽԽƤˣӸ̾ԼһˡڵĹȻƨȫȲһƼ
Ҳ֪ⷢϵͳ˸ж
£ҲûչôԶ顣ϵͳѾĿƵؿ˹˳ʾȻͰѳǸ𿪣кö
ϵͳճˢĶǹ˳Ŀ֪һѶȴûоȥ˽ʲôĹ˳ȻԤ׵ٴδ˸硣
ĿĵأǰʽɰӦԮַƣԼQֽTҼһͷĳĬ
ȻϵͳСԬ۰Ͱ͵ؿʾֻˣ
ʮӺճڽϵܷרעѧ߷ַлһŸ߹ʵĹ˳ҽڵ˳
黹ͬǰ㿴飬òҲ֮ǰǰעĿֻ
Ϊȫ¶˿ȷ۵ϢǽΪ۵Ա
ƽٻƲסԼƼģҲ̲ס¶ЦݣƵƵۡ
˳ʵǿһȴģ㲻˵۹⡣
סڱϵޣıѧʿƼ˵Ĵ綼̲סǳ鴤ȻͷԼسˣҪԼߵ˸㲻һģ
˵עǷϵŮϣǺճдǴԭΣܿͼ
յϣѧʿٷҲˡϤļ׻м˴ǰδֱӴЩɵ˸Ϊ
ٷڲҲвͬϵġ
һЩõ뺯ͨˣԸ⻨Ǯѵһ棬ƽҲⷽĸ
ٷһİǰͬкЦûġ
ûظӳǰȻû⡣
ҲֻЦЦ֪б£һôܱȵùӵǧôľӢء
ش㲻ٿڣԵʱҲҪˡ
мʱѵܿĹ򡣽գѡɽҽࡢѧеһݽбԣнı׼һʡڶʱ
Ϊ˷ֹЩ˵Լ⣬ǿΪϤóֱԵѰĿʤ
˵˴Ҷû뵽Ļڳ˽ѧһ˶ЩѧҲ߳ɽ˿Ƽִ˵ϰߣʾõź
νص˵ͷãǾֱΪ⡣
ֻǣ˳ֱȴûմҵ뷨ѡΪĲбƴǱʾǱһɽɡ
Լɽ⻰ЩԾͬʱҲЩ벻ɽֱͨɡ
νɽȲΪأӲΪ֪˵ĺ壬˱ҪȻⲻǸ߼
ͨɡѧڤȷʽʵĵ˵壬һָΪãӽ޵ɵĵ
ֱܲһ˽ɣ
Ҳ˵еܲ׶͸¶ͨȫ߱ĸ֪Եģ
һʹǵļƻ
ֱܿѡһˣԷƵȻҲ벻ڳʿƵķװ͵͵ֱ䱻סѧʿ
ʩͬҲסˣզ£
ҳȥʦУ
ΪʲôҪѡҰ
л˵
ҪӰһ£ʹ࡭
˵Ǳ޵ģԼ


59 
˹ڡֱ˺ϻѧֱļ, Ȼʵ˿գ۵ı־ȴڴ˿ԵЩΡ
ʩͬͷ£ڷ͵͵򿪵ԴһƼվĹעĿ, 붼û͵˽
û뵽ԼȻֱѡУǹرյƵȨͬʱĬϿ
ٿͷһϤӰʩͬ͵һӦʦôҲֱˣһȥϵ·, ָϽסԼ, ڶ˵ţѽô£
в˲۾ϤɤĶ, 뵽ʦֶƽĵԣ̲סҧ۹ء͵, Ȼֱ䣬Ҳ֪ǰΣ
λȥһʦûĵԡֻһ£
ǰҲԼ鵽Ҫʲôʩͬᡣ֪ʦǳȻǺŪֱPK
ʦ岻ЩƼ
ԼҲ˥ˣ
˲ǰͬеʩͬҪƵ
ɽĵһ⣬ѡ
֪ʲôͳ˿ʩͬͣ
ۿֱ̫ԽƵֵĻʩͬҡҡͷеӻǲ, СĲ, ǻкܳ·Ҫߡ
ߵɽʵЦûҪ̫, ǧľϴǦ, ҲԼһ
Ƿļλû뵽Ȼѡѡɽбƴ
Ϊɽǳ֮, ֮ҲΪ, 伫ӵڵĴУɽҲǷëǣΪ
Ҫбƴɽȷ˵ϡ
ɽߵҪ󿰳ޱȿ̣ҪĹָ챦֮˵ԡ컯ȱһɡ
֮ףҲ֮ѡֻ˵ǶԼġ
ֱǵǴŪ˽ֱôһ£ȻҪѧһϸ£
󲿷˶ϲνѧɣֻȻܴӦԷıƴԷȻҲе㱾µġʹ򾢵ͬʱҲѧƴĳܾܲǣ
ѧʿˮƽΣ
ᵽֱ˶İɽһʣֱҵʿѧߺͻǵʹ߷׷׻ش˹˵ʡ
ʲôɽѽ
Ϊѧǿ׽ոȥһ£ŷ־Ȼôŵ
ǾͲ˰ɣ˵Щ˼꣬յõɵеĶɽ
¥ô˵̫ƬˡɽȷʵǾͨԶģд˷ǳףѰǴڻҲǸ˵ˡ
˵ʲôɽҲҶҿٲС˵ĵãûеԸҵģ
䡢ҩٵݶɽ
߰Ҳ֪˵ʲôһʵʵ˵˵ʲôʲô
ûֱķӦֻüʦͬšΪԣǶ㲻ƽٻһɡ
Ȼųǰ֮ˣȴǰͶȡɡսթ֮ˣȻҪԼʦֶ˵
ʩͬƽദ࣬ȴ㹻֪ʦֶĵϸ飬ѧһĵʦֶΪⲻ۳ʲôԻжġ
Ƕ죬ֻ㻹ֱҳڶϰɽ֮𣿡
в֪ǧѡʦֶͨ
˵ֱҲڶ
ʦֶʩ̫ͬԽһΨһһɽˣ˵һܹҲˣܲܽʦʦ
ԾԼʦԼλˣǵһɽǿߣҶսѡʦֶΪ⡣
Ȼ֣ôǾ˾ؿһ˭ǿ
Ҫ˳ֱȴʦ׼뿪ʩͬ͸֪ԼôɳǵĿɽݼ㣬ҪĿ飿
ڣճв֮
ⲻ֮ȻǱģɽϰʡ
ȻҪֱָʩͬͣ
ЦʵüҲе㱾£һûдеġ·С˵ʲô
ʵǽ֪
ͬ˵ֻԼʦֶϽ⣺㲻ĶƲ٣ٵ
бϾʦ壬߹ʩͬߵ·ָһԽ򲢲رѡ
֪ʿؼֱԼȥԷʯͷٷְҪԼĽţ
ķʩͬ͵ȷһͷˮôᷢչģԼҪǧѵ˵Լɽһﲻ
֪˿жѧʿںһ͵͵ֱ˵ʦ̫Խ̵Լʵ̫ĶĻ̫Խ̵ⲻΪ
ɼϲòʩͬҲ·ֻܽʾ֭ԼճĸԻ
ڣʩͬ뵽һ⣺ʦ壬ʱɽߣʹҲʹҲߣʹҲȻδ֪Ҳ֪֮֮塣
ҵʥ˽ƽ֮ʹúãʼþˣ˸ˡ
ʵһֱ̫ףҪβĶȻأ
ʩͬ͵ѹϵͨˣⶼʲôѽ
г˼Ƭ̵Ǻܿ˴𸴣ѾƽҪԣΪβֻ֪֪֮⣬Լȱ˽⡣
ɽҪ˳ӦصĹɣƽ⣬ҪԪͬһƫϣֱռһ
ƽǶѭҲǾ¡ͬ絮һ˲µĶȴҲµľ
ֻе֮˵ĳ׾ܹоĶҲֻеԪľĶ϶Ϊһʵ˵ȫƽ⣬ɳ֮
ʦֶϻЩָҪľľһʲôȻ
ʩͬ͵Ǵˣͷ˵ԼһŬ
ԼһֱöǺʦճ޲ݳһ¡
ѧʿֱ˵һԻ˼пǴ̫ԽɽһȻͬһ㡣
̫˿Լĵӣϵıȴǵϻеȷָʩͬͣʵϲˡ
п˶ںճǱĴͨȴ޷ģȻҲûܴĶȻ̸ֽ
ʩͬͣױǲסΪû֮ͨգĳɾֻڻλʦ塣
ȻҲóдˡĿǽҪˡ
ʩͬ͹ƽͬϵľӣ֪֪֪һ仰鲻ҲȡۣȡɽգնЦҲ
ǾûбҪȥɽأ
⻰˵֮¡ֺαȥʲôɽ̫յҲЦ̫ǳ
ȰɽҪִһ¡
ȻôҷִΪҪŪô伮ɽ
ѧۿֱ˶û뵽ʳһ⣬ȻԼѹֺӵ֣϶ʲôòŻһɡ
ԭ̫ԽҲĵӣ
ûʩͬ;ܴСУȴʼջɻɢġ
Լĵͽı֣̫׼뿪֮ʱڵ
ҽյһĻҲеĸ
һصҲϵزɢģǲгɳ
ţ˵¾ԡöظҲĪãһܡ
궯ָһֵֺܿɢؼ䡣
ɢʵûʧµأϴĿô˴ĻǱĬ档
ڳѧʿȻֱܽʵ廯СС;Ѿд˱£еǳױ˵һȻͬĽǶȥ
ڶ仰ͬ˵ˡص۶ɵľҲΪ֮𺳣˽顢ϣͬΪ鼤
̫˳ͣ˽Ųϸϸ
ɽᰲ֣ͬأЩš
ϵСɣ˿ڳϵ˿ͻȻߴ˲٣һһòͬѰζ
ϵȡأαؾʲôɽҫµȻЦֻ֮ȡýС
ⷬʩͬһüͷһпϲ˲˵ķӦֱĴˡ
С͵ɽУ֪νʲôҪ壬Ҳѧϰиеìܣ˿ͻȻ
ʩͬΪһʮʱЩϷıƴȵĻԵ̫Ҳ΢΢һ˳ȥ
ͬտֱ̫˵ĵӡʩͬ͵ʦǸϽ֪ͨˣ˿˭ܽȥͽܶ
ͬǷӦңû뵽Ȼ˵һ
ԭͨĳЩѧϰⱾ伮ЩҲǰ׼ȴڿ۾һ˲䳹ã
˵һˣӵһ˫ᶨˣĻ˽ݾŻͻȻоа
ⲻǰ׼ѵʱ
Լʲô
ŷǾ仰⣬ԼǰѧϰĽͲԶ֪˭˭ԵĻͻȻ³һѪ˶֪ʲô飡
ֱһЩͨŻЩ٣ֹŴĵ伮ѵûи˾ķƴôӮ
ѧƴûд̼
ٸ۽ѧʿüͷⳡʵӮˡڶԭĸӼǻСʩͬʹǰδĽĵ
벻һ̾Ȼ콵
һɫƶƮȻ⣬ҲֳĹڳͨ˶ۿɼʲô
û뵽ȻΪôһδйĻ
һ˼ˡĹɣȴӰԭУû㹻ĳͷѾˣȻʲôô
ͬЩ̸ȡã˳Ӧ˵kͬĹҲڳʿһӰ죬Żôʽ
Щѧͳ򽻵Ȼע⡣
kҲȫҰڡ
ֻǻڲϵѧϰ֮Уȴ罫k족յģ
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ֻɽĵλ̫⣬ЩҴеĴšôԼļ⣬̫ɽӵ
ѲɣֻǴõһЩľӵһ걸Ĵϵ
Щ˻ǲԸЩԼĶֻΪǲǴڲͬĴУһʱֺ£
ѧѹ̶꣬ĸɶͬһѧ˵СôͻȻĳԾıͬѰĲڰǰһͨˣ
ڣҲֻһˣ
ڳɵĳλ˾ͺȻаѧͳʱֵһ֪ðСⷭ룡죬ֱӵܡЦ󷽣
ĶʥľʱǾǸͳһĽĸധ⣿
ŷȻ徲ΪͳǷҲ⵽ЩССɣ֮˵ɣӶѧĶ
һɽʴڴ򵥶ƽЩȴޱΣգԶǰչֳֶøӾɱ
ӳͮԼһЩѹûӦʲôôѧɫͻȻѿĻҩζҲ˲ŨϵͳСԬͬס
⼸ˣǺȻˡ
治ĳɳ˻ˣ̻ԭһܿµĴʡ
£ȴûҪôԶ
ƴܹҪи˭ǴǰսдõģҪڣ
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ȴ֪ԼѾˣ˵ʥ˱֮ʱ뷨Ƿһ£ٿѾ˻붯ҡ
ڣٻ𷽲ʦֶĵһ⣬ȻҲɡ
ԼЩʲô
δ¯ƷźǸɵˣȻָ
ʤǱ㻹ʣ֣Ҳن£ɽѡһȣɸң
ͻȻˣɵĽɺȻһֺܿϲԼմһܹǣǰжԼ̤ʯ
ͲڷһӮԼ˵ľ츳޵ģܶȫܣ
οһĳԼı»б˴УҲԵֵסɵ伮Ѿõʥ˵ûԼ䣡
˵ܳ׽ʦү֮̽ǲǻʲôѾʥ˱Ѿ˵У
Ҫôѡ黯Ҫô伣
Աţ˵ıһʱЩ֡
û֮ǰϵа滹ڳ¼а޺΢ڱعͣȫͨܵһӰɡ
θŹٷۻƼɵͻȻЩЦ
ҲԣĿǰΪֹǰӦûûжչֹڷһı죬Լֻ¾Ѿ׷
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̼ģֱ۵ıƴҲҪˡ
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伮ԴŮϹࡣ


60 
ֱĹǲô˽ɽ, ڸոձķɾϤˡ
Ͼ˭ⱲӻûƬʬƬأӰӾ硢С˵ǽʬֵĿ, ǵıر
סаβֵ湦ܴɫʳΪļ䣬Ҳ˴ҵĺ棬ô
֣ҹйޡഫ֮, ̺, ֱˡ֮ͨá
Ϊָԭϡ٣Ҳֻڷ˼ͨõˡΨзһϻֵĴ, ƾع
ˣѧʿ, ǹͨأ飩ý±񣻷ɱͨڤꡣ
а֡ˣѧеĵλʮҪ
֮ԽɣȻΪ޵йءǴɵʦүߵ׵֮ݴѷõ׷Ҳ˳³ΪɵĿұ죡
, 
ɺ赱˵氺׵, ɱǰĻԻʱ˥˲, Ϊɵʦү, ΪԼ׷Ľ
֮, Ȩ, ŵһн׿㡣
֮о׷塢նɱаȻʮƴһ
ƴݱڹ涨ʱֳĵȼٵʵЧ˭ķΪ
ҽվҪʢ׷
˵꣬㿪ʼ̳м
ֻɺǱ۾ġеĳ⣬Ǿ桢֡ڣ㡢ơˮ幩ڰϣīɰֽҲ׼
һ׼ƺ·ʵعɵĲ֮ŵķ͵ϵıصɰעڱʷ棬ֽӡᰴڷֽϣִһǳɵػƣ
׻ۻкȻһԶͳȻˣ
һ׹ԭǺ֮磬ͻؾֱһڽɺǰĿյϣһƬĽںۼ
ڳͨ˶ˣǸǺ޲ھпλˣٻһЩаķõұ
׷˽¸ֵ̾ˣƽﻨ˴ǮҲֻܼЩ֪ˮƽٵ⻹е˵һ ˵׾ףƾװ
Ƶͱˣ
ٷһ־ΰԹۣûκۡʱӴ˲ѧʿҲ˵治˴С֡
ѧ綥ȻЩµģ⡢⡢⣬ҶЩֶλ治ʲô
ʶ޴ĺӣǺǣ
˴ιĹٷһ˷ӦͽȻͬΪɽ˹ƣɷµؽɹȻǴ꣬Ȼʹ׵磬ˣ
۵Сѧʿ̹˲١
ǰǸɵĺٳ֣ŻĳЩ˺ӳƴۣùٷĳЩ˶⣬Ϊѧûˡ
ôܣ
ɺΪԼյ״ֻ̬Щϧڲҹ˴ҲûаҪȻ׷Чԡ
ģƺеơ
ֻڴ󲿷˶ȻƵ񼣡
˷һ̣īҲʼ׼չ¶ġ
ֱӽ÷׼õıʡֽΪ޷̤ʡȥ裬һģһĽӡơͬִû˿ͣ٣ˮ뷷ɣ
ֱǸճһ㡣
죬׳߽ķѣ͵ֱУǰĿյ϶һ鱻׵кĽӡ
ȫѻȸЩûӦ
ɺ跴ӦǲȻǺ죬Ҳ̲ס
ȻȻȡɵ׷طô׵磡
˿̣ڹۿֱɵͬͣԼ۾
δѧϰɵһɻ䡢ص飬ŪҪɾףЭṫеģ
һˣûɣҲûȤѧ磬⡭ѧĹ
ص
صΪʲôóɵ׷Ч˾˲Ŷԣ
֪ϣǹЦ֪ϣùСҲ˵ôסظͨ˿ǹķݣȫһµհᣬôɵʦү֮׽ף
ûŽɺ˵׻ɵʦү˵Ϊ׷
ɵܵɡôҲˣѲĴйأǹϵ
С͵о˵Լаٽƭصģ
չֳǲҲȡģ
ɺϰݣҪȥţóЯĹԷͷ׼
ۼһԲϾҪɼܣϵֻνЦЦӮ𣿡
ԼЧӦۿɼڳĸλӦϹ
ɺ⻰һŭֱǣţʲôӮȻӮ
ϳķǿ̫࣬͵鲻Ϸţûҡѧû뵽ᷢô벻ٷҲܿܵ˺
־ΰǵǰŽɺͿб±۸˼С
ķ죬ҵǹ죡
߶Ū˻ɲУѧǷٷ̸еģôܰѾŪظ
ͮһɵˮҲϽźӳ侲һЩ
ֱţ˶أ
һ߻йѽɺһ䣬Ҳֻǲôʵۡ˷Բɿ˵ģɺˣƢ
ͷ
ͮȰأƼ־ΰиʹ˸ɫ˲׹װģĿǸѧʿʩѹ㣡
ΪСõҲѸءοӣȻὫһһʮϱ쵼ͺãѧĹǿֱԽ˾ظ˶Իܵв˺ġ
ɺ۾ˣ֪ԼŵȷЩ嶯ȴζϳԼոˣ
ǻͬȼķҲףôӮ
һ
һΣҪֱӻѹ׵Ķ׷ĳʦү͵аô죡
ɺ軨˺ô󹦷ǿһ񣬺׷׷Ϊһ壬ֻҪܵԪӦoӦ÷ɹ
ԣɵĵܹӰԸ͡׷ŭȴ˳׷صķ
ɺ費ֱӽĬĳزʦү׽ʩֱɵ֮ʦүնа
ҲɵĲطնа
ɺһصĻԱ֮ǰ࣬űʵֶڻ֮ʱЩҪΪƲסеıʶһ
ʱҧ⣬һھѪڷֽϣӲʹɣ
ûǰ˽ʲôķʲôЧƼϻƵĵ׹⣬֪ʱķֽԼɫ԰סͷ󺹵Ľɺ״̬˵ĲͬѰ
һʮ
ʦҳе
һλѧĸ̺Ȼڽ˳ϣʦҪװ˷
ҳ򣡡
ʦһѵĸҹҹʣԱаնһԸ߼۹ã
úһƴ֪ʲôʱᣬҶǵøոյһŷڶһԶʤ
ɺȴﻹüЩֿɵõĽ֮ֻǺ޺޶ڣֵϣ
ƺҲΪϧŷһʱȻ᲻ֱʹչЧ
˳ûʲôԤУ۲˵顢״̬زһ˿ΣգҪڶ˵Щʲôȴϡ˿̣참ḻĺ־ΰҲЩ䣬׼
ۻһעʮڴǰửʲôķ
ɺʵС׷ҲȷǷ֮ǿǰܽԼжϵķ绽꣬Բ
һΣִʾȻֻɺһģһķ׻նаңޱ˳ػˣ
ʱͬղһģһֻƸ
ͨС׼ף
ſһģһֱͬӡķԭΪķ˴ʧ˾ѪޱȵĽɺЩ³һѪǰһ󷢺ڡ
ܣܣ
ɡʦү޹ôܽʦүôô׵ػƳɹ
һֻèأ
ȿʱ˶ڹ涨ʱɣٶȼȴӷ֡οĵȼĵȼͨϵһ˵ķй̶ȼɵ޶ȣһ˵ˮ׼ڷϡ
ɺ軭նаڸ߼ʮֳ棬Чһѡ
ڶ̶ʱڻŷһɺͬڶ˭ҲûϳͬҲ棬ʤɺһ
⡭
Ǽ续ɣѾ⣬ֱҪҪǲϹһͨ׻˱Ѻ̬سҪеķ
ִʦţɷ
ǰִʦķ϶Ҳ
ִʦķ˿ţ
ֳЦΧɡѧɫȴɲҪƴ׼ȴѡɽ
гϵˡ£ɺ䣬ʤǵҲٱȡ
ѧʿôģɺôܳϣУܶˣͬԤȫͬ
ΣʦүӮջҪЧ
ǣѸײڶ֮ƶյԼոջնа˫Ŀƣ
ɵڶʮӽɺʦүа
һ˲䣬ɫֽһ㣬ȴΪᶨע϶²аҲаǾʦүһ
ж׼ȷڣ
ܲƴݳǣֿʼ˾޷硢ס˵磬ưôк޴ɽѣ·Ƭضò
˿̣ͨ˶̲סգǲ֪ĴڣΪѧµķĳη塣
׵ٴ£Ҳôֱֱţ
֮УɺӻǵĻȣڽɺǡƣǵͼȴη壡
һ̣ɺǰδеʦүܹ񽵣ն·аػյٹ⣡
ʱ˶֪׷ǿĹ׻ǿoҲӦѧһɣ
ޱȿȣȴֻǳ˫ڴʦү飡նɱаˣ
ϧֻʧˡ
𽥱СǺ¡¡Ҳô̶𽥷磬ʲôµ鶼ûзǷ·ֻǹۿһСıݶѡ
ô׾飬ѧҲ˥ڴˡ
ɺ跽ŵһвͳˡ
ʱٿܵǱĽɺȻ͸еһ֪ӺζıˣٿȻžλƺҲûԭô
٣⿴ܴƵĵڶŷҲûá
áûлǮȥ¡
ɺȷȻˣ֪ʦʦͶ˵ʦүѾѣΪδõͨѾ޷ɽʦүϵϡ
ǻЩϣҲĳһʦүܹء
ڲɥĽɺҲͬܵĵıǺγûй뷨һʱҲ˲ǿɶˡ
ΪڵնаҲЧˣֻѧܻʲô׵һЩҲ㲻ʲô
ҲԼķõ
ʱ޹⣬޿ֲϢϴֲ磬صضɽҡֱ£ȻֱվڿյĵĽɺ裡
ȫ飬εѣͣǳ׷Ҫ
ɺֱãȻؿգò׻ȻдŹۿֱɵҲУɴ˫ۡ
ֳһ޴Ӱk̤׵磬ŭſµϢȴޱŵkĳ֣а֮Ȼ޴棬ҵĹҲҽС
һľ׷˽Īһֱ׵Ȧǲŭˡ
˵ý磬զ£
˶ɽҲһֱѽѲҪžŰʮһ
Ҹո磬ĵʲôֵĶ
ɺǿתķ׵˺ȲعĿ࣡ϤİĸоҲסﶼ޷ʦү飬ţ
ʦү𣡡
ɵӣǵ
һǵģһǸոԼķʵЧֻʦүɽˣûѣ
Ҫˣ
ҲҪʧˣ
ȴ˷ܵػҪʦүͨȴӰԽԽôûзӦǷʧʧˡ
Ȼ㻹𣿡
ǵʦүͲˣܽηֱ˭Ĵˣ
֮ɵķΪ˭ãֻ˭֮ܵԪء
Ϊʦүеˮ׵ֳѡ


61 
֪Ϊ, ˵Ǿ仰˵ǰһֱźͻȻжϣǶûеĻͿֱ˶ûˡ
ֳڵǱĽɺ˫Ŀ, ĺȻߵ˶㣬ȵ
ʲôͬƽϣ㻹㣡Ҷʦү׻۳Բѷ
ʦʥ, ʵڿЦ
ֳ˻, ұƴҲ㣡ƱҪֻ
üëϱǻŭ˲ԼѾʪ͸, ëڣϻֱ, Ũصĳޡ
е˵ı䲻㣬ȴҲɫѿȫ
˵ǰϣɵԱǳݸһ䡣ոյĻǺݺݳ˹عʦүĽɺ裬ɳ׽𣬽ݡ
Ϊһ仰ص˵ز
Ÿɶ紴ɵĿɽʼʥʥʦ棬˶ӹҪصͷȴ¡
ŵĵڰʦʽҪʦүλа룬ʦͨһɵӵ䡢Ϣ֪ʦǣõʦǵļ֤Ͽ, ˲š
ճ, ɵԼʦѧϰʦĵ伮, ĥ, 侫, 
ϰʱ, ʿҪ֮ȻҪд·ɰæ䡢ϰԡרɴһ
عҲʲôСආˣҶǴԼʦүʥ˵š
ҲΪÿɵķвͬĹ̶ʶɵĴиΪƳͬ͵ķҲЧΪɽ˵Ȼ
ƽǵĹǼ飬˲ã˶ʦүԲѷˣ
ɵʦүŪɵ̤ǵб
Сͬ־ʢʱ˵̫ҲҪ̫ƽϡÿʲôʲô
ˮһٲСæգΪٷĲ쵼ԵҲǷڵ顣£ҲҪӵġ
·ϵؤҪĽɺлЩʦүȻֻǻ룬ιЩ
ڹ¸ʦүϰʮһͷҲܽĲĹص볤Ƕᡣ
򣬹ܲʲô᲻ᣡ
ֳʮְ˭֪ͷඪˣôǰİʮһ˵бµˣѰҲģɺ軹˵ֻдȶԾǲٷˡ
ˮƵıҲЩΣѧʿһĶƢʵѹܣ
Ϊ˵ʵ飿
Ǻʱ˵еʦүֿճиܹһ˿־봫
ڡ
һ׷Ԥ׵سƮ˹һСըǹ˳ļʱ־ΰͬʱǰסпըĽţ
£˳˵ıҲױ䣬ؿŽɺ裬սƶţͬȼڵһ
ȷҪͬɵǸܲڡʥѾѣȻܸܵǵ־˴ҲȻ
ȡ˵ķ˵ʦүȷ׽ġ
Ϊ˴αƴĴˣ˿ҲܹٳĬ
ܣа͵СЩҡϻѡվɵһߡ
ɵҲĬվڽɺ뻮һʵʾٶǵ֧֡
ӳ˿Ҳðգʾ׼ڴ˵ĵİԱ̳֮䣬ǽɺƺѧʿյıԽѳ͵˽ɡ
Ȼ˴ѧıƴʤ
ֻȥ治ƺ
ѧʱŽ·ķʮĴһ㣬̲סҡҡͷ
˵ҵķĲͬǻ㲻͵ԣ
Ǵѧɵķ
ͬʦһģһȻ˵ʲôͬ
ſڴƻƣ㲻ǿѾʧŸƱ磬ǿɲϹģ
ѧʿߴߴ룬ʵ
Ĳȡ𣿡
ǲһķţǿ
˵ţȻӿڴͳһŷŻõķ
ղŶѾѻķȫõˣһģһǴģ
ǲǰ׼һŷڿڴԱʱ֮裬ȴƼֱԶԶӸ˽ɺͷŻһһ
ɺۼƼǷȷԼһģһĲһ
ȻȫŻģγһ񣡲Żھʱ˶էһΪȫһ£
飡
Ƿը˲ȴ׵磬һСڽɺͷϡ
˲ԼؾһŷǻӦ˸ոյġ͵Ϯǿ첽ǰҪΪʲôȫϱ׼ķȻҲ꣬ȥʦү׷ôһ£
ܸоǰһӳȥһ׷Բ
ǿʣܿ˸һſհ׵ķֽƽؿ۽ɺ裬ʵжһ⡣
¡¡
Ϥľ޴ȻȻһȫհ׵ķֽóƽϤ׷ЧƵһЧ˶ֻһſհ׵ķֽ
ɺȻúһ󷢽û˵
ѧϰҲ߬ȭͷŵؿǰϵŮ
ֱ߸Ǵǰȫ֪
ɺʦҧгݵҪͻȺԱǰ鿴ǲʹʲô۷ȴٴ
ǵΪԲ÷ŴԼĸ֪ڣԻعĻӦ
ԭܵõӦˣȻΪý顣ˣҺȡǵķؾʦү
ңҲȷ޷ΪѾɢڴ˷ˡ
ȻҪ£ǰŲ̸ͬˣ
ɺɫѾǺ̿һ㣬ȭͷյؼ۾ҲҪѳһȴ˵ΪȻķŭǼһЩʲô
ϲǸλʦү֪ڹļλʥˡҵض˭ͷ
ȴػصɽ֮䡣
˿̣˵ĿⶼϣԤҪ˵ʲô֮ԣȴƫƫҴϣ
ΪʲôֱΪӦɵʦү־ڲڣ
ǵӺζضȻҲعءϵֻŴӹʥˡɡϽν۶ǿĴҲҪһһĴ
ǰʥͬľ飬ضԻԷ֮߳ԼĵȴֻνΪԼãЦǲŶԣ
αؽԼǵߵʦǿô߸ϡ
ĻסڳĸλǰδԼΪкβԵѧʿһһ죬еĵȻһʱ֪ηǺá
ĻֱӷѧڵͳУȴ𺳣һŻ
֪֪Լ˵ʲôⷬȥŸҪδֿ֮ɻѧһȥ
һΣѧɶԲܼΪУ
ʱеж̲סЩڣǴ˴ΪҪǰƴ˵ѡıĻǻȥҲֲ˺ã
˿̣ȴһİ
Сѣؼжܳʥ֮鹵ͨӦ
ʦǽĵΰ塢ˣӵ֮һʴȵؽԼʢȡôг˻벻
Ϊǽǵ־УĴ᳹ԽԽ˲ܹҵã߳ʥ˵Ĳ޵ֿ֪һ˻۶ɵǷᷴʥˣΪǺԸ·һ֣
ǰôܻôˡ
ǧмܳʥ
ʦүǣֽѧ˵ȥԭ쾭壬Գѭ
ɽɽȻҲˣ
ҷСͣõͨôǧ˲ţΨһڶ̶̰ڴӺԵͨһԾΪֱعͨĸˣ
ǣҲǽʲôǿڵ
ҹ֮ڣֻ˵׷桢Ĵھǵǰѧ繫ϵļλͳ
˴Σĺճ˵Щһֱڰĸ߽״ͼ߸ѧͳ
ҷ˵ˣҵõصĻӦԼ
ɽɽǰȻľ͸ˣǰԻˣҲǿǧǰɽһλλǵķˡ
ǰɽˮ׷ϴ˲ЩӰȴһͬĭʧǰ
ЩǣߣȴԿ
νʥϵ־ҹжгɵĹͬ
ҡҡͷǳƫˡ
ֻҪȡԸ黹ֻҪȴԸ죬صԽԽ٣һԽԽСҲ½ЩѾٻȡҲԽԽƽˡ
ֱνѧ޵һгΪ˵
ɽɽ⻰ѾìͷָһɣҪѧ磬ŭȻӲ
Ҳŭˣ׷ָıӴƿСʵ̫޿̣̣
ѵʲôţ߶Ҷѧ˵ģָһˣ
Ҫֵıǽɺ裬ýֳŷҪֱֱ
ļҲǸ෨󣬾ҪԸ޷֪νѧͳ
ۿѧڹ컯֮¾ҪȺŹмŮ־ΰһŵİԱȻԭƽ·ͳ˴ˢˢ׼ȺҪѧʿ
顱һĲףһźŵһĶ
׼ӲʹԶ̹ЩʿûһëƼѾ类󷽣ּ֪ķֱǰͶƣ
ȫװͷֹܵװӣѧʿҪЩҲҪӲ£
ӾùٷϹۣδ̫ƫĵɵۼ޷ֱƷתó֪ܵķҪоϵĹ
ûЧȫ˳״ס˵ĳˣ
ɽ֮侹ܳһǱڴ˵Ķ飬Ǹͳһװͳһܹʱ¿Щ˵ò˶óһ֧飬ɱˣ
󣬾Ȼĳɽ·￪˺ü͵װ׳
ѧʿҪֳ׽סû뵽ٷȻô˺װֻΪ˱
ƽմɽѧʿ˵ǵ֣ȴǸܵǼΣյϢ
֪Ҳӵٶȣ֪Լ已̥ҪִԲĲֻǡ
һ˲䣬ǵֻʣһ뷨Ϊʲô
ٷΪһϧѧվڶ棡
ǡǼֱǷˣ
ˮƣЩѾױԻǣ㻹Ͻֹ
ٷֻŮ
˷Ľкɴȴ˭óеɫ
˵ѾԶĻǮ˹ϵʦǶЩǣͷͷһ亹ΪЩܡ
ǲŵؿűƱͱһ˺Χѧʦǣ̲ס̾
ҪЩνĴʦȻҲµİ
ҲԣѧʱǱȲӲƼ
ЩΪ˾ĸδ˵ǣû뵽ڹٷһȻȶһȺԼǵĺ̨Ҫ
˿ˣ
־ΰε̾˿ҲŪôʦڡֱѾرգܿЩҲڳЩ
ЩѧʿǱ̫ˣҲԶ̫ˣִؾɵرһ׹زԸı䡣
ʵϣƢǹٷַǿĴҲǹٷ
ΣҪЩѧһѵˡ
һظƬϣΨһҪйصĹзɣܾһȨҲзɣ
ѧĸɱμǣҪһϸطĹ񣬶ڲνأ
һѰǹ˳ɫǹڴȺ˼صѹȸС־ΰϼ棺ѧǷ֮أҪԷǾҪһеĺ
쳹ʵһǹ˵˹ٷѧ̬ȣеĳЩ˻ҪءΪǹٷҲĴ
ˮĿɿڴؿžȻôĺ־ΰûȨһֻİţԼһȴȫȻ֪
־ΰǰǲ֪ء
ٷԸͨ˶֪ǵȻΪܹԤԤԡ
Ϊʹе֪ˣ֤ϱģʥ˶ѾдĲҲһһĵĴ
ѧڴ·̫ãرϷ֣ȴ޵ӦֻС
ʱŤתص;ˡ
˿̣Ȼ磡ɫϼ˷۶ƯϷĹâʰ쵣͸ޱĹʣȫϣ⡣
ɽ֮ͬʱҲʲôڹӭʲôֻǵغг·ϲõʥ֣
콵
ĵоȻһ޴̬ռһƬʣԶǰġۡΪ󣬶ǡˡģȻǰ
һһ
֮ϣǺһġȻ˶ڣ
Ȼǵǵʦ棬ǽҲԼҪκε
·һĻȻɵ
ƺҲ仰˵ںʲôǸ޷ı仯
ڸľ:Ǹոû˵
Һ񻹿񣡣
ٷţըˣ
л˵


62 
һ׼뿪, ֮ǰһֱĬĬѧʿ֮⡢Щǵȫ̲סڡ

Ѹٵָһ㣬ܿһϢ, ָС
ֶƸʱֱ֧֧ʱ֧̣˶ѡԵ岻á
ľȫϵ, ȴִ͸Ź죡
ٶս, Ӧá
ͻȻȫǰһڣͷʹ, ת䣬µһȻ׵۾
˫۾, ڰ׷ͫ˶ۺ¶Ȼй⣬ȴԽǻԽͷʹǻ֮ʹҲʼѡ
һ˲ȫֻȫذȥϵط, ھʲôµ飡
Ϊɽĵ, ʮȴѾͬϹصʦ, ֮׸߷ɵʦ, 츳ȻǼõġ
Խѧϰʦү˵Ĺĵ伮, Խñǲġ
, ࡢѾ˰ǰڵİ²˴ͻȻս飬ѧĴһ⡣
ԣֹƴ֮ǰֻǷòȫҲûһֱȫһĻŵһҪ˽һ˵ͷ
ȴû뵽ȻĻҪ£ҲԲܾ
ʲôˣΪʲôͼ̽ķɣ
˺סͷƳ뿪ˡġšǰ࣬Ҫ츳ˡ緢ɵӣžޣľޣɣĲĵɢ
֮£ʿʵеЩơ
˿ͨ͸ѣܶԴһչʮʦ֡ƽչͬӵʦֶΣֲֻᣬԴʦиԻ˳Ӧ
ΪҪ
ȴ֪ҲΪʦĹߣݽ档
˿̣һ̾Ϣɽ֮𣬽ŵʱ̽ϸ³һѪۡ
һׯ¡ƻֺĽӳڲԾĹ֮£ֻһľɫ㡣деֲУ֮ƣĵش˵ɾ
ˣҼʱǺء
һˡʥϢѱ
׷ͯյΣɫҰǴѪȴ̬Ȼɲ۾һ㲻ͨµλ߹ü͸ɵ
˹Ȼѧ֮٣֮١
ҡҡͷлɣһ̣˶ֵʱ䡣
ֻǶûϵǿ󡣡
ȷʥֱŸɵԽ֮ͨжһǰ
ȥѧһò˶ñΪʷΪǿеĴ˵̸
ǰ꣬վѧ˵ĴǲһʵԤ˥ܾ档
ʱΪΪѧˡ̫࣬Ѿ޷ܵĵز
ѧذأ͵ʵ˲ŷ֪У
һ˵õʤϣ
ǣʱŴնɱ֣ͬʱս˶˵ɡɹԽɭϣֹ⴫ŵϰ˵ĴҲؾɵÿڡĴķʽй¶ʿɽбչУӦصı仯
ֱļŷԼٶǰϰõĸЧԽرαķ
ЩĻͨŵӣķ֪
ܣ
ô֪ʽ΢Ҫ٣ֻʧˣʧѧֻرڻҪ
ˣֻһ߼أһ߰Ѱ취
ʱķչתûг֣ٷѧ·յҹԼԸĳ̬Խ
ʮǰ⼸λѧĻߡȨͻȻԤУٷҲѾ̽鵽ѧܣٽ
ϰϼһ飬һ˾
޽⣡޽⣡޽⣡
ǰλϵȴͻȻһǰͬĽǰһ˿ȴҲУ
϶Ȼо˵ûб֪Ȼ϶أҲԥˣ
شϢеĺۼڣٴα
ǾԼѧĸɵ伮£һΡ
Ǹ¹ԭѾʧĹһҲ֪˾ʲô
λҲ˵ͷҲֻˣ
ܲǧĴо˶еķûгѵϣԶ֮УڻԻʱڿжǿ
ܲ͸ǿܣ˵ѧܵõ
죬յԹٷ֪ͨ޶ѧɹݰڸɣ㷺
Ĺ׼֮ʱӦ֪ͨǣǵȵݰѾãš
ܹٷûж͸¶˼ƴʱصĴԼ߲Ƶ¹ѧظ֪ˡ
˿̣ͬһϷ̵ź־ΰĽٷҪѧɼǿ顣
ȣǼǿѧʿ˼շ
Щ꣬ѧɵ˶ССͱ͵ɽУѧȫɸǰŵݣûкúýܹšʲôҡɺ񣡡
ǰ꣬ΪѧͯȥѧѧɻֹüΣòײǿͬ⡣ţüѧʹӻǾ
־ΰضܴǰѧķģϤ˼һһǶֱ쵼ĺ̬ȣ
˼ص˵ͷ
֪ߴӵпĽ󻳣黳ȵȣɰٴȻ⡢Ϊ츣
ͨ߸ֱӽԼĵ뱨ʿũϣ
Ҫڴˣ˵Ҫһͷѧãиʮ궼óп
Ϊͨ˱ڵҸûѧôҲԵûôҪˡ
ϧǰʶЩ˲ڴ˸磬ǿԽ֪ʶ¼
ܹûʲôġ
ôͺˣ˵ƻ¡һЩڹ飬ٱЮŪ鷳¡
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ϣгһܳѧͬҵһתǵרⷢȡ
Ὣ¹ġҪ³ѧ»ᣬѡ³ͳ¹ͬ顢ճѧͳҲҪϸץøɵɷΥɡ桢µ˱Գʹ
ලָǽȫѧϰƶȡ걨ƶȡش¼汨ƶȣ֮ԲСС֣
־ΰ뵽ٷǰ׼гϣ
ѧܿҪˡ
֪һȻû˵ôɣȴҲ֪ٷҲʱΪ֮¶˾ġ
˿̣СԬϵͳߴߴŷŵıƴǶֱͻȻжϵĿߣ
ǧֱô£ƽô㣬Ȼֱһȫˣ
ˣ֮ǰֱûߡֲûߣȻ֡ƽʱ̵ˣǧ㲻
Ǳ߽ûòƻ˶ǻɣ
ѾˣôʱһӮ߰˴ΣϾһûðѾ˵¼չˣ
ûڿ϶ɣȻˣÿҶ֪ţģģ
յͶϢǧƽ̨ڽҸոֱźжϵԵɣԼƽ̨ЩԱֻ޺һ䣺ԩ
ƽ̨ͺ̨һû⣬ܳסͬʱۿͼĻصĵʮֲѧҲͷ
뵽ѧֱ䱾ҲͲôѧάԱҲֻܲ顢
Ҫֱ𣿡
ۿҪĿĵأ־ΰʳһ˶ܹĵ⡣ѧƴʱ䲢㳤ĺӰȴԲСʵٴεõ֤λԽȹ̡ٷ̬еѾڵĸ֪˵ҪŪʲôС
е뷨ƳںŵСԬʱȻü𽥱ñ䡣
治ǲᶯֻ֣á
˵ǸзϣǸӣҲֻ֡
СԬβиҽٽһ
СԬҪץиҪ̫ء̫Զһ˻صԺ
ʱСԬδ⣬ֻԼǽ̫̽˲úϵͳƴڻץʱȥˣ
ͬһʱ䣬¬ԪȻƮǼҽԺÿĵؿҽԺ﷢ĸ顣żҲῴˡҽֻ͵˽һ˼䷢ʲô¡֪ԼΪʲôûȥͶֻ̥ôһֱĥʱ䣬ȴδ֪Ľ
գСԬֱ֮ΪԼͬ¹Լӵǿʦн
ȴû뵽µʱʱʱܴӻֻͲԷ֡͵͵ֱıఢ̣һȫֱ¬Ԫʱ֪̾ԼʱӦ¸һȥȣ
Ҳûʲô壬ڳ˹ҪԴöȣҲûְнɶûˡ
ֱһգȻԼʮδӡ
ƳĳϤЩİӰ¬Ԫֻɵ˺üŷӦҴҵƮȥ鿴˾ǲԼӡƮǰ١ûôֻǶЩºۼκ޹˵˼Ǳʹϧ
ȴ˹;
ƼϻԼ͸Ľָ¬ԪβŽôҽԺˣ
ΪɷЧκ޹ʮ߽ҽԺʱĥƽʹϽҾڸľȫʡһˡ
¬Ԫκ޹ƮҲԭˣĽ㡪κ
ҽǸҵĺصˣƽպȥע飬Ҫ󲻸ߡЩ꣬һֱǶҲٺͳ
ҷЩԾͻȻ˼ĵ̺ɳ˺ܶĶ
κ޹ֱӴƣԼѯҽһ
죬ȥǲǷʲôʸڷϣҽѣϵıȫҵ׷ųϡ
¬ԪԼϳ˻ĵȴǵı飬ҽȻ˵һˣ
ԷҲߣǴϺ죬Գ·
κ޹ûһΪڵĽĻʱɵˡ
ƫƫκ򶨵ظǶĻӦû̫Ķ⣬ʱסԷ˶ԷĵϸöԷ뿪ҡ
ҽκ޹ϸѯ̸ϸԼԸ񡢹ڸκ޹һײԺ󣬸Ҫ˴ҽԺ
תǺжʲôҲϰҲǾֻ֢оԼѪ桢ĵͼͷ­CTȼȷϡ
ҽĻκ޹˳ϸȥ˵绰һҽԺ
κ֪ԼõֻøӵǣȴΪʵѶòǱ΢ӵĻµĻκܿжϳڵĵֱַӵ
Ѿȥˣҽ˵ҺѾ͵ҵֻϣҲõ
Լȥ˲鿴˼ļأȫŲĽǽ䣬ûֲˡҲûʲô졢ͷųΪء
κ޹Ļһ̱øˣ
ʲôô£
ʱ·Ĳ˵ܻѧκ޹Ƥһһòᡭòǽйɣ
㣬ҪȻס죿
κ޹ȻЩ£ȴĽһסų£ʱǷӡ
κȴܾˣķд鼮ϣʮַ㡣ңҲ֪ʲôڸܲһֱţúö˶˵ķӸˣ
ҹȥס죡
ӵĻ¬ԪǼˡҪйô죬ոҽǹ˵Ǹɫƭ˹Ȼκ˵ʲôһΡ֮ܺĻ
ͼı죡
һͬʱꡪ
鼱֮£¬ԪȻոϵַСԬƾԼֻƮƮȥʲô¶ûеƽһܽԷҪרҵʿ
ƼԼʶĵһѾȻСԬСִܲʦæһźʹûΣգСԬƮص¥Ͽ׼ֱǣܿ¬Ԫⲻ
ޣ񻹱Ĭκ޹Ҳ뵽һ磬ܲʦڽʲô
κκ޹Ҳϸϸһ飬ûо쳣˽ճ鷿ʼǱһֱ
κ֪ҪʲôöҪԼС
û뵽տ˵ûãֱκ޹Ҳżƭ㣬û㣬ѧֱ𣿡
κ

κǴѧڣҲǹ֪ﱣ޸רҡճĹоھֳо޸żҲȥѧУϿΡȻԸЩŹ֣ȴͬѹϹŰ塣Լ˺ţճһЩĵãﱣ޸ĿƵϷ˿Ҳ١
ȻȳȦѧ
ճڵＸǧ򽻵Ȼֵֹ顣ͬʱκҲ౻¶ļٴʦƭӣѧѧ¼ˣ飬ûѧʿǾô󲿷ִʦס
ÿȻҲ£͵
κҹԳɣȴһûҵĻʮޡԽԽƵҪġĴڡԥҪҪ˵
κ޹Ѿֱ䡣
ڣķ˿Ѿ1.5ڣҪҲ˵˵ѣʵ̫Сˡ
ƫƫнˣ
κ޹űʼǱչһȦסլĳطʣֵⷿĶ𣿡
˵ͷȷʵС
Ҳȷǿ㣬һֱһ𡣡
ֱ󲿷⻰ëȻȻжܵԼķӣ϶Լ˵ԼҪͬԼԶһ
ޣʲôҪ
л˵
˴˵ˬȵ⣬ҸոҲ˼ˣΪŮƸ񲻶Сබ֣bossȷʵѹţе㲻ˬˡ
һϴ˵ԼԭŬдĸõ㡣


63 
κ޹뵽֪ʲô, ˿͵͵ؿǣֻƤǱһ㣬Ƥһ, ҲҪɤˣ
ػ˽ķ䣬Ȼʮֺ£ȴǿӣҪļһ
, 鷳𣿡
, ֻͣƤӽ׶Σûƭ
¼˵ĲǽκĳЩС, ˵˻ᱻν˷Ůӵġ顱Իס˶Էĵ
ֻϺƭҲͰ, µǶԷиµͼʵЩʲô
¬ԪƮκķӣ̸оԼһǿҵϢͷƤͬʱٲǰһֱﱻΪ˶Էĵ̣ҽ⵽
ʵ̫Σˣκ﾿סʲôĹ
鷿
ⷿԽǸš˹ڡľͷ鷿˳ⲻκճƵ
κΪ֪޸ͱרңݹٷڱ¼Ƭ޸뾫󾫡רעµĹΪչﱳߵѪ뺹ˮ¼ƬͬʱҲ˲Ȧ
ר, ҲĳѧĿڡڹʮæµɼﱣĿ, ܺã
֪ϲﰮ߶, ֱ˫ϲ
ֱ˶ûʲô飡
κⲻ˿ֲ¼
κ˵Ƕ鷿, һ, ѧȻ鴫⼸, ȷ鷿ʱͬǸԻģϢκ޹Ҳȴ˳
鷿ڷ˴רҵ鼮ֽԼֵĸϡּǡЩֽƷвٹߣ޸ϲƷڼΪ̫Ѿֽ䣬ȴԵЩңҲһŴСɳտ
Ƕǹǡͦط
Ī˵ĳʷУȻκڲʮ꣬ⷿӦҲʮʷùӰǸģ
ͻȻе㻳ǶôôĻʷĵط˵ЩҪ
ĻѬյ׻ǲԣΪʲôҪ鷿ﰡ᲻Ǹʲôϣ߶
еôϣòʲôŴˣ·ȥκڣ
ۼð˸ָĲ룬κҲ̲ס˼Լ便ûзŹϣ

κ޹ͷɨܣʱͣκģϻ
Ҳײ֡
ƼϵġŴͼմɼ޸ʵ¼XԺоһԼ鼮κЩãԭΪԼĹ»ҰԷҪЩô˲ôֻҪԸԷ뿪
ȴû뵽ǶȻϣǹָϣе˹
ʵڡʵǲ˼飡
ԣԼЩееǱ룬ǣ
κü֮ɻ󣺡ǰЩӣȻ巢䡢ջҲ˳
κԼ֮ǰȷʵǲһӣΪǹ̫۵½ȫȻûзϡѵл֪飿
۲٣ֵ쳣ӦմȾԵʡ
ƣ룬ԭҪһġ
֪κʲô˴˿̿ܰԲôȾϵϸһ鷿鼮ݣһ־֪ճǺڵǧ򽻵ʱʱҪֳܵȾʵڲ֣
κҲ뵽ʱԼһͬȷʵ˴󲡣ڻУѲҲΪԭ
ڴĵط˱ӴЯϸĶСоΪ˱﹤Ҷ뱣Ӧ㶨ʪ¶ȣʱҲ
֪ξʲô˶ôӦ
ԣң
˵Ĵ󲡲ûзκϣֻǸð˼죬ҩûþͻָҲܿµĽչ
ǵģȥϵ
ԣǷ˶飬ֻǱ˴֮Э̽
κһܸʲô𣿡
ܲɣ
αһͨˣ˵ʲô֮Ļκ͹˻ε͡Ӧ˵ʮʱҲΣԼ֪֮
Գ񣿡
ȻЦˣǻԼñӣ˵ʲô
κһ£侲һΣ˵ʱ賿ȻڱԹҵļңסʮܣҪȥɨ
ڶΣҲ鷿ڡ˵̫䣬ҸϽůȥ㹻ʵĵ̺
Σ˵Լɣ˻ԣΪңһҪź
ƤҲ̫ˣ
˾ˣPUAıŴС˵滭ϵֱ˴۽磡
κڵҲĹ󡭡һ鷿ôֵĶ˵Ȼסţ
κӵȷǴϰҹﻹĹعĺˡϰ߶Ӵѧʼӵڣϰʲô鶼Լ˲ó͵ȻҴ󵨳Լ
ǲҪѧϰһʱ䱨
κֱĹڣƵҪ˰æҲȷ鲢Ϊֵȷ棬ŻӴԷ
ǣͷϾҪˣ
Ҫô鰡ܲΪҪκڱһֱɣ
ǰκôźޣ룬⣡
˵κںһֱδ飿
κδ飬δ̸˺˵ĽûʲôȤҲԸý顢Сʲôı״̬ڵĹʮ⣬ʲôĸı䡣
ԣ۴ҲãҲգǲԷʲôµġ
Ǽװ˵ᶯĶṴǣԼЭ̰ɡ
˵꣬ǾͷĺԺʴè㾿Ǹʲô㵹Ҳ˵˵
ܵһʵʵߺȻԼϣǴèװģȴԪ֪ôؾȻܿƣ©һè
κ޹ûκۼ̷
ԺʴèĽôͻȻŲ˳޸ݶμģԲܼǴ鷿ֻè1:1̰棬۸κ
ԭèצĲԲ󡢿滭ģȴֱͻһСԲצ
뵽Ҳ˺ü룬ԼźľȻֻè
Ҳע⵽ǴèЩԾ
ֻܿڣֱ׳شеû˾èè񣡡
˻һֱ䶼˺ü룬ǵصĵĻֱ棡
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
Ȼèè񣡣һ㶼èè񰡣
κɵˣκ޹Ͷ͵¬ԪҲסˡǸ¡ҪġȻһֻè
֪ϴʲôĴèԼѾ¶ڣֻ˵κ࣡ԸסСźҡΪʲôԸ⣡
֪֪жҪˣȴ⣡
κð֣صطǴ޸ǸŴèϳıû°ɣ
ĵһ뷨Ȼǵﱾ
èֱֻ޷ͨغ붼ԼȻû£ش𱾴˵⣡
ΪŮûѾӦˣ׼ԸԼŪһŪѣû뵽Ȼ˻ؼңҪߣ
κ˵˾仰˭ʲôӶ֪ôܹӦ㡣
èԭǲЩ࣬ܵǿʹغܿ컻˸ίͰ͵ģΪԼ⣺󡪡ңⲻֱӳ
ڣּͲẦˡ
κ⻰Ĭˣκӹ˵һҪŵƨҲһӣﻹڵ顣
¬ԶͻȻһˣԼոաȻһֻСè䣡̫ˣ
Сè䣬èè񣡡
˵ţʼԼݣèǵĻʵıа֮֮ȥĻʵ۳ΪƷ˵һλϲèľ߲ŻĹԱԱרдһʫֻè鶯ء
֪ǲľݣǡ
δڶǵè飬ֻԺʴèܿԼè֮ţ
κļո˵λʵԱĸϢȻͻо
̲סʣΪʲôѡң
ܲԼϱӾȹҪڰɡ
è⣬۾Ĵһ£ð˵Ϊ⼸󲿷ʱ䶼ڵص˯ֻЩԱ޸ߡЩһκ
èϢҲŴ
һϲèèҪһֻèܾˣ
è߼Ļ֪Լҽϲèκ޹̲סκѲɽ㱳ﾹȻǸϲèģ
κ̧̧۾֪ԼϵèζǴˡ
Ϊоܱ߻ܺã߼֪ʶӺѧԴС̬Ҳʮֺƣۼ˲è١
ôκǲǱèԣҲżλϽȥͶιء
ȻӵؿԳèèļһղƬ̲ȥιèۿΧèԽԽ࣬ͼϽڴЩèȫȥ˾
žץèèЩ죬ȾŨصèζ
èǲоȵģƫƫԾԼèϰҲèһСĵطֽ䡢ҹС̺ů
һ˲䣬èèĪ˸磬úЩ䣬Ȼ֪ԼЩèͬ龭ʲôŻŮȾèζΪһǰè
ûУҲûкҪһֻè䡣
˵ϣκֱӾܾһֻ亱ġèè񡱡
èҲסˣԲ۾ŵؿԼԼȻܾˣ
ҲƢģ¾ͱӲٿ
һһèȻΪʲôҪ
κԭΪ鵽ͿԽèèһԸ˾ͺã֪ΪʲôҪ׷ʡ
èΪèëζŪҾߺϣԼôæҲûпչôһֻСǣèҲáèҲգӦķա
ԼΪʲôҪֱӾܾأ
ԸϣκȻԥˣʵҲ鷳ϰͻȻһСദ¶Է룬Լè顣
èè˿ֻèʧ䡣
ȻԳΰèè񣬳󡢶һ޶ȴ֪жôįıа֮ﱻûʲôϲģ˼ǱԱһʱ䣬ʱûǣֺܿ챻´һµĹѨǧĹ¼ֻСè
ԱھʱǺϲģκΪԼҲԲһʱ
мĹԱӦҲйèζɣΪʲôѡң
κڣèèԭǲҲҪü죬֪ͬ˵Ĭʮûסôɣ
ҾͿ˳ۣвУ
ⱲӴûԹκ㵵ͬʱȻһ˿ʲô
б𣿡
èߵתͷִ˺üè໰ŤͷȥΪȷң޲ҡ
ң˵ͦįģӦûҪһֻèɡ
ﱻڳʱͷкܶ˲ϵȥΪھܽƷҲܶ࣬˺Щ춼û˷ֱһ˫ϸȴɨϵȵغǡè𣿡
оٴαֵרҵ޸κûûҹ޲Լֱ࣡
Ƕʱ䣬Ҳʶ˲оԱ˽˽⵽κоһ뿪ģûн顢Ҳû˺СӣƺҲûʲôѣͦµġ
èȻͶ޲ԼŮЩ뷨ҲҪһֻè
һ죬˵κ٣ѾЩġһԱȻκרҵǺǿҲƴԸŹ֡Ҳôÿרעҵȷʵõѡ񣬾˳ˣκ˵˻èﻹּ
ŮûҪǱèèҪɣ
һᣬԼһӣ
ʵΪèè񣬲ҪԺȣҲ˵˵ѡ
û뵽վ⣬Ե޷ݣ
κǰδԼ¶˿ֻ̬䣬һ۾;ͦɰĴèкȻ˼֪֡ǹԱĹбڳ˵Ҳڵ´İ꣬ļݸΪԶײӡѾ̫ıа֣߰ǰĻʼҳƷҲµõľ
ǣʱﲻ֪жȡ
ƽǲԵֵġ
ȷֻè޸ҲԼ˳ۣԼϵèپܾȷЩ˵ȥˡ
ҹæһҲ㲻𣿡
èҪף´ûֻܸ꣬߸ߵͷ­ҿèèֻҪƷҾܸŵܣֻǰҶҪ˯ѣ
Ҫ㣬ԭ˵õĶܸϵʱҲܸ˵
èʮּ򵥵Ҫκص˵ͷԡ
Ȼ˵֮ǰʶңӦҲ˽һЩҵԸǸȤˣһȱ㣬Ҳ𣿡
ô˵Լèִ˺ӣΪµĥѾģצ
ɫҲ˺ö࣬𣿡
ֽһ޸ֳܳԭòκϵһγЩЦ⣺Ȼᡣ
èǿ˲ͷСèôܺÿģҲǺܺõģ
κֻèСؽģȻȻᣡҰѶڼſڵǸȣ
¬Ԫ
ֱ֤ѵܰһĻĹǣȻй֪ѧֱôĵģ
κ޹ãؿ⣬ȻǸоʲô
ȴ˸⣺èè㻹ǵаʲôζĶ𣿡
èͷ˰˵ˡ
κͬµ飬üͷǰ˵ڻûԺ


64 
塱һ˵˼, κֻˡ
绰κͬ£оĴ׼ȥҽԺ̽һë˳һҪҪһȥ.
˵̫, һֱĲ֢쵼ո֪ͨģ˵пյûȥһˡ
κû뵽ո£յͬزϢ׷һ䣺ʲô
ͬǰ쵼˼ǹҪ, ص˵, ǺΣˣ˵ξǡ
˶벻ͬǰǷ˸գ˵ȥҽԺû, ڻجġƽҵĹϵΣܹء
κϸֳĴ, ȻôأԼ֮ǰ
ͷĴèеѵøеһ˿£ҲЩʵСԼһֻè顢èè񣡻ˡ
õģҵȻԼӼ￪ȥ
˵绰ŻЩܰϢĵҲõͳˣѹ˿ʯͷпĴܿ죬κ뵽˷è˵, ݲ
ðһ֮, 鷳ʱҪж, Ҳλͬµ𣿡
ڵõͬ, ͬԼκ޹ܿ쿪ǰҽԺ, һ·ȫȻǸͨڰĴè, 뵽ǰԼʱûоﲻ
һΪԼܵʲôӰͲˣ
èŮ˵˸èèôȻˣ
ЩһҾɢˣ
ǰһֱûٿڵڵǰ΢΢һЦڣаһĿãײõèһֻèǣסլƽѾļޣٶҲͲˡ
Ĺֻ֣ܡ
èԼֱӰ˴̲סèצ˷ۡ
òĶССԲԲèϲᷳΪ鶯ɰֻ˸пһֻķǵĳƨèѽҲʵޱ˫Ķ
κҲļ£֪ⳡֱ˵кܶ˶ᶢԼǧҪˡ
è֪ʲôֻЩʮִûԼıôѽ
ػլĺأ
ˣ˵Ǽһֻ
κǰĳŵһֱЩ겻ᣬʴè֪֪ǹʲôӣʲôͼ
ﳤöֻֻ֪࣬۹֪ʲôŶˣ봳ҵĵ̣ҾԺŵԶˣ
κ֪£Լֱأ
Ӻܿ쵽ҽԺκô˼ؿڵλиڴСؽè˽ȥϵķ棬ҴҵͬڵסԺ¥
λͬѾǰˣɫأëεȷֹۡ
֢໤ʮɫҰڲϣϴźֻ֣ʱסҽǿϵݣַ۾۲ѾɢͫףĬĬҡҡͷ
߳ͬ˵˵пܵĽӾ⼸ˡ
ëӶʱסͣԼᵱʹ޳ôҲ벻ͨɷֻǸðգôͻȻͲأҪסˣ
ëŴ漱ææظߴ˸˵бµĴʦ֪ոҽѾĶˡͨ뺡
ʦҶӺɷǲ䣡
ϸ˽شŴʦΣյĶӵĲǰǴʦ͸˵ĳָ֣࣬һ㣺그ɷͶһ٣ʵѹ˵Ҳδ㵽ͬϸϸ
ϸϸǣҪ˵飬Զǳʲô飬Ҳ˲˵һ˹ȥȻɷڵĲ
ֻһλڲ˫Ŀգͷ󺹣״εغ䡢ſ֮Ļ
Լجֲ̫ƴҪһҡ֫ϻ裬ȭͷգҪӴϵʿ̽סȴѵظˣһֱδѣ
ë˴ʱһƬȫȻİأΪѴټƽʱȱܵȴ˿ͣ¡
ΪһƬĺɫʲӿŨصĺɫˮǹһ㣬Լᱻɲϱܣȴûܶ˽ȥ
ڰɵһ˲䣬ȻѣԼȻһʮĵطΧкܶˣÿ֣ϻŲ֪ͼżªķΣԽԽϤˣ
ǰһʵͭſʲôĶΧһЩСӣǹʲô״Ķ
û壬ͷһԼȻ˫ϥأ˫ֱ˷ϲһ
ë˺ʱôǱȫǴǰܹʲộϥΪʱ¹ѾѪģʹһ˲ӿЩҪʹȥƾ־˼²ŷԼһľͷϣⲻ
ʲôˣΪʲôŪ
ڳȴǸĻһ㡣ë˲Χ۵ͨһˣһԼﱳĹߣһЩбС߶
ëЩ˷Լȴذס
ͻȻԤеʲôټӿ죬Ҳɲ̧ͷиİֳֹŴĸͻȻͳԼĲӿ
һιѪ
ˣһ޴ļ㳡ԶʲôӰҡҡҷҷǱ˱ŵ˶Ǵ˴ڼļƷ
աôȻת˹
ʵë˾ҵ˻ԣҽԱȥȣ
¥ԽӶ˵ĲèıԽ׺ݣᷢвĵͺƺҪʲôаĴڡ
ĳ¥ŵ˽ӵ绰ǸӶѾˣСĵ㣬߶Զ߶ԶǧҪϣ
ûüʣ绰ȻҶϣֻ˻æĻƱ
ǰͷǶ֢໤һԲѣǰոոԵɷϸ˼ֱҪʦˣʵغţҾ˵һ쵽ӴЩµģһĸҵģ
ʲô䣿
о쵼ϵԼëĸף֪רҡĵһݹݳҲϵӣ̲סѯʡ
ϳȺǶӵͬ£᷼һ˿ųʹ࣬ͬԼʦ˵
᷼ʱë˶µףʮͼ޸ΪǳͳûʲôĻľʱŮԣɷµҵʵһֱЩɻģֻǰɷǰ޻Ȩ˵ֻᱻ䡣
ܲԼɷͬӰ첻˶ӡǵĶë𳤴Ҳ̳˸׵²һͷ
ǰɷͶӵƺǰЩͷҲ̫ãżͻȻøš
Ϊ˹ܷæڼʱ䲻࣬᷼Ҳûر쳣ֻǹ̫ˣǶЩ
ǰëʼƵجΣͻȻʲôͻȻѣ
һʼò̫ʲô䣬˵
᷼ɷ쳣Ҳ̲ס˸£һ䡣
汻ұƵĲУ˵оһ̫ˡҾòԣоЩһˣôطӦô󣬹˺ܾǿͬҿ˿ЩƬ
ȱǸЩ࣬ȴʮֹЦͭӸһɷ˵ŪˣǺĵͭ˸ָС˿ɷʲôĳ᷼󵱳һ亹
ľȻǹŴɱ˼ĳ棡
ⶫǲҲ֪Щö̬Ҳǿ˲جΡ
֪ԭǶϾȻ䣡ֻҪӴ˶ᱻ䣡
᷼Ť¶ŭҧгţһëӸϽһߵλϢ
һеоԱǾûĵҶ򽻵ˣҲû顣ƫƫ˵ʮƶëҸҲȷȺ¡
쵼뵽̸˴ȥ˵绰
ոǼһӾˣȷëҸӾ֣ԲֻǾǵ֡˶û£˵䲻ǱĻԡ
Һ飬ǡ
˵绰о쵼죬ھ޸ȥһټëҸӣȷЩ֡
Լֻϻֱκ޹ȻѣϽǸظǣոЩݱȥˡ
о˲κôԼãȻֱ㲻й¶ëҸӵ˽ǰûиݵҥԴ˳ȥ
Ҳһ㲻̫ѧ飬һλĸѾˡ˵ëߵ飬Ҳæôһ¡
ʹ쵼ûӦֱͬӾǲǸ
ģòɣ
Ǹոѧֱ𣿡
֣᷼üͷĴʦͣŤͷ᷼㡣
ҲˣǿҲûжܽˡ
ĳѧСɵţƽҪ½ӵ֧ɲҲ˵ѧںںĽ˻˴
ոյһЩʲôȴԤ鲻˳Ҳһҵࡣ
᷼ûʲôֱʦô˵æΡߣǸĴʦĶҪô
κ޹ֱֻĽչָʦ档
ոܾе찡رҺĶ
ѾֻƬˣӦþˮɱ˼ͭɣһĲƷ
ۣҲϲ鵽ˣ뵽ǸʱĹ˾Ȼֶ湤ߡ쬵ģһ㲻ɻ䰡
ļ붼Ѫȵģȥһ˼֪ˣ˼ȫͬĳЩطķݵ»ͷǣ챣ӡ
ˮĺ棬˵ڹһصܹͨһƬ½ϧʧˣܡ
ˣ̸䣡ֻҪӴͻ̫Ҳ˰ɣԱҲΪ˱
ϣ˸ո¼ߴߴЩг𱨳ԹԹûҪǣǰԺ﹤ôרѧߣ
ԹĿ֧ôʱ𣿡
˳ڵһſȡƱ֪ⲻʱźʹݱģԹӦҲ⡣֧ǧΪβ㱨˭˭Ҳû˸ҵĹҲû˸ˡ
ĸʲȫڣûС
ΪΣݵĹԱĵһ·ͨϰͨٽ˴˷ĿĵأǼɱ˼ͭһŹݡ
δ߽ݣܵڲͬϢ
ûмù˳ֱԼҵ˳Ųݵչ·һ·ǰָĳҲϸǰ΢Ľëʷڵͫ׵ӳ̺ʷݹĹ¡
Ұޡ־ڳ
磬ʷĽǷҲƵģ
˳ڣȻֱ˵ˣ
ܶϸж͸¶ĲͬͺȻҲܹѧϰʹóѧķԭȴͬͬ˵һȲĴȥ㣬ֻǿ
Ѹ˽οģΪ顣¾ϵܽĹͨãȻı䲻Ĳͬ
ʷĳֵƫһ켣һȻͬĵ·
ʵǱĻҪƣ;ͬ顣
֪ʷҪٷͬĺǰ˵ĲﲻʷҲʱĽ뷢չ
ΪԼ粢żȻ죬ȴӵиľֱͬ۵ľĴڣòһޣĻҲ֮˵ȫܡ
𽥻ָоԼ磬ԭϵ
ԭһ磬ֻΪĳЩԭѿ̤˲ͬĵ·
˿̣Ѿɱ˼ͭչ̨ǰ
էһùƽЩСˡ
ǵͷϸȥܸܵеɭɲСϵ·Ʒϵ鶼ɼƽļȴڽв̵˼Χͭһʬ壬ƫƫϵıʮֵȻЦ⡣
˵˽̻ľ峡棬ǶΪݹڲбﲻʡ
ãһŸŵСöͬǽҹʷϡΪֲ
˵ھʱ򣬵ʱĿֳĹ¡ϣԱǶجΣεĳ
ĸãʵڲ̹죬ʱĿС˸ǰǸһÿԱϽⶫҪôҪô͵׶ݣĹ֮ѹаԣŲٳ¡
β̫棬οǽ˲١ԡǲο棬ȤȻ
ο׼ϸֲﳤʲôӵʱŤͷԹ˳ɡ
⡣
мԼ˶һʱ벻˭ͷȥֻһһϵˡ
˲ݹݳ칫ңιݳ꾯˵ĵ꾭ֹĹԱһѾ£ҲˡһС˵⣬Ļˣ
һð
СģĶ⣿
գգ۾Ըһһ١
ٳ¡
л˵
Դĳʵ


65 
ҽԺ, ڷһ־硣
ĳλ°ڷ塢ͷңЩޱ߷˷糾͵شסԺ߽ʹţëأëĶ
˸ĳֶ⡢˷ܵĹâ, ɫЦݣΧĲ˼첻ߵ鲻Խüͷܿ˸òǾЩ⡣
ôһ·һ¥¥, ¥ĻʿҽԺֹ, ѶİԱҲְͬʱҪȷĸϢȥĸλˡ
˲ͷͳԼ֤, ֽԼϴŵֱֻĳǰ
ëˣë֪֪סԺˣϽסĶ, ʱ䣡
˵Ĳᣬҿɵץˣ
ͷĻĪ;һ̽ôµġԱʵϢûʲô쳣ֻע㡣
ʱһƼϵë˵źͶϱش
ҵˣ
ëûУĻ㼰ʱ
¥˶￴ȴҪЧֻи̾ë⵽Ӧˣ۰
ݳ칫, һרİСɱ˼ͭϵĳЩѾƷ滻, Ͼǲš
չĹԱĵظͣõľƷ, ڶı, ԲܷƷ滻顣
ӳ͡޸չ, ÿڶǲѹ, 24Сʱ߿Ƽرô뷨
ңⲻһһȨר֤󵽽ֹչҪ˵ֽţ˵ĸطĸڳ˴
ɱ˼ͭڵһھȫмѭררоҲִͨѧĲԣˡ
ͭ¹żѾ˹񹤡ѱˮƽǼоרѧ߸ϸڵĵطרҵж
չƷڵһѾչ˲ʱգרѧǰѧϰоûëóĽⶫǰ٣
˴ιǰøոְͮСѯһԵĹԱ˶ﲻ̫˽⣬¼һλ鷳𣿡
˵ͷҪ֯רҽмͲô׵顣˵ҪķãɵĶҲҪڣҪ̫ش󣡲ǿΪһ˺޸ݵ۾¿չġ
Ҫ˵ǿһţҾ˵˵ĸڳ˲
һڣǴӳٵչһȺڹԵ͵
ŮĻҶÿЦãòǵӰС˵ˣħ˰ɡ
Ҳмɿһ˿ʲôҪ˵꾭ŶӣЩ˵Ľ
ʱҽԺŲ˵ġṦΰ
֪ס˭Ǵĵһǰιݳëˣ˲õĴ뵱ԶٷĥƤӶ벻ˣ
Ҫ̫Ưιһѵְλ˵Ҳȷ˲ٵ顣
˺ҿڣڣ
˵˫۷죬жں޵ҪѪԼʱ޴ͷԣȻһͷ
ûһ޴壡
רҡţң˲ˣЦľ˾Ȼһζøִܸ
˵һͨ޺޵һڿˮڳҲˣǰȥղΪר˲רҰовǸ˵ǵһǰιݳǼΪƷĶȻڱĵطֳˣʹ˻˴ǮĶ
ΪһֱרǺıףһֱĻ⡣˴˵ԷأϹġ
ë˵᷼ôԼɷ򣬼سȥҪϱס
һʮСŮһʮ׳˶ˣҪԼȥ˳ʲô飬Ͳʣʲôˣ
ǰһʣ֮Ҳһֱ˳ѾʮǵëȢŮ˾ȻԼ޲ȥ͸һӣ
˺ҿڣôˣǻţ
ҪܰǮңȫ
û»Ǯϲ͸ˣҰͲ
ﲻɲţסҪߡȻƼվһԵоһȺǲʲôߺ޵صһۣת˹󣺡ʲôƨרңһȺ㴵ƭӣ
Ī˵оͬ־ˣֱҲ˾䣺˭Ҳ˵ԼÿؼĽǰٷְȷģרҲ˲񡣡
ңںܶѬģﵱԼ׬ǮĹߡҲ˹ˣܵԼȫеͶ׬Ǯһ㶼ûǷգ˾ȫֱͷˡ
Щ˾ȻҶ죬жΣ⼸ȴֱӼסߣͬʱҽԺѾﲻɲر뿪
¼໰
ҽԺڰһԵĬĬصͷȴԼĺţֻǲ֪ж˴˿ֻѷոյļš
оĴҲ¶ΣеĴ󲿷˲ëͬ£ͬʶĸסëˡκڵļǰǿ顢¼ҵ֪ｲĲһʵ飬Щ˵
ֱΪرֻʱǸոҲһ
ëˣµľȻëˣǰıͻȻ𡣡
黹ûŪȱ¶ۣĳЩĻƭר˽µжϣкƭǩ鱳ȥģʲôֶζУ
ЩгԽԽȡҲԽԽˣʲôҲų۸ԽԽѾ׵ĵز
νղؼ˭֪ʲôˣѿͨﵱƹ߰ˡ
ȵȣǻǵҪ便ôһ°ɣ
ݳλרҿ˵꾭ֹڵھЩа
һݺûϢΪǲͬʱηҴǰûرע⣬һŲòϵȷ죡
ǰոȥë˸ӵļ˿߶飬ɫء
᲻ʲô
ܿ챻ûͬһﶼûһС
ιݳ뵽Ůո˵ĻйصƵȫڰ칫ҵҲؼˣ뱣״̬ȳĵ
ȽЩϵ飬ȷʵһ©ٽ⡣
ĳë˹¹ϽݳĻն˭⣬ë⡣ƾɺϾҪô²ģǲеϷˣ
ë⼸ʮĹ͡ͽҪдǹʷϵģȡ˶ʧƽʱӹĶӴﶼⶫҾԲɣ
ëԲڹҲ³ڹ
λϽë˵껰飬Ҫëˮ
λڣţһ֪˵Ǽ١
ҵǿȸһǹ˼ʮ꣬һֱûܴɵԸСӡ
Ͻɫ䣬𾪵ŮеǴĶġ˵ĳȻ˵ڶʱһˣҲͬѧϧ֮ʧȥϵҲû˴ˡ
꣬λͬѧеľֻϽѾȥĸĸ֪СŮô֪
Ѳʶ
꣬سԲ𷹵ʱһֱܵλͬѧİҲһزʱܵչˡԷҾԽԸƣ˷ֱ֮ʱλү͵͵ϽڰһǮл飬ҲһֱλͬѧΪԼĶˡ
Ϊ˺ܶıʣ˺ܴûеöԷѶ
Ѿȥˣĺھ׶
ͬλͬѧ˵֣Ͻڵ¾ȥʵ
ݳոϢ˶ȷϹһڶϵǸϽС϶ƭ˵ģҲǴӱĵط֪ƭԼȴǼֱţ
ϱȽ϶࣬һʱῴ꣬Ҫ鷳ȻȥһϢ֪ͨǡ
ݳҪȥ飬ͮȴʾ˸ոյ֤һ֤ٷѧĸΡ
¹عһشǽפԱ벩ΪලͬЭ˴¼
һμĻݳͼλרҽڲ㻳˾ƭŻֱ෽֤ȷǲŻ㱵ؿϵŮ䣬Ī˺ͱɵѲɡоȻʲôѧأ
ôڹٷı֤¸Ⱥ˽˱ܵﵵңȺԱһһذɱ˼ͭйصϣ¼ƵҲ˹һȺؼÿûдڿܽв滻
ͮ깤߳ѾΪεĺӳӳҲ֪ڸոգǽȥ鵱ʱݰˣзἰʱ֪ͨ
ֱĹڵ˺һ󣬶ΪҪ˵࣬ȴӴһܾǰĹ½
ܶǰһ־ԶѧȫõﱣרҵͨԼ޲Щڵµ˫ָǵڶεʷļ֡
ˣ˺ܺõʦͬѧҲʶ˹ͬܶͬһսϵĹ顣ΪʷĴУٴչĻһ𡣡
УԼޱ𾴵ʦʦѧʶˣŷḻľ飬һŹꡣԼʮһյķΪ﹤ϵİ
м﷢Ĺ£Ҳջϣ©㱦ǰæƼ٣ҪĹ屦͵͵Ѱǵİæеջ뾪ղض˵
ÿؿЩѬ˵ˣʵصġĹޱʹҷߺޡ
ѧһһȥãʱҲʦĵáʦشһƽģʼձ־ηȰ
һ꣬ѧͻȻ¡
ĸزһʵƷãұõȽĽҩ
ʲߵɬߵѣͬʦҲһȻǱˮнۿĸ׵ĲòЧƣȻ˵ֻҪæһЩС飬ܸĸṩǿЧҩֱȥжϡ
ֱֻ˲䶼׷֪
òᡭЭˣĶŪȥ˰ɣ
ˣҲûֱӰеһӣ˿µĺ
òᡭҲ˰ɣ˾˭
ͣƬֺ̣ܿ˵ȥ
ĸ׳һʱȥˣ˵ߵĲرʹ࣬Цŵġѧʹһʱ»ص˸λϣԴҲøͶ롣
ǣĵλͶٱţ˵˹ܣҩ
Ȼûҵȷе֤ݣȷ˲ɵ㡣Ϊ˱ӣ뵽˱ĸλֱӽӴ
ˡ
ûΪ˽ӴǸһȥˡ
ôôͻȻ
ϢӦΪܵĵһˣ
ǣô˰أ
仰һϵķˢķɿ죬һֱĹݳüͷ˵ݵȷ뵽Ǹˣɾ˵ǵ˺ĸһĲȥģô䳶Ϲϵ
ڶͱҪһЩľ˶̫ͬ˾ͨԡеǺʱΪһλ˵ѧͽĲ࣬ʵȴǿʦ쳣ḻľ顣
磬СҲ磬ѹϵľøһֱءʽĹ˽¾͵͵ӵ˼޸һЩ˽˲ƷҲȥֱĳ١
˼ܣϸ£ϵĹ˵ãǳĺԵҲˣܵĵڶˡ


ʲôΪʲôͻȻһ̫ͻȻ˰ɣѵΪ˼ͥҲʲô£
便ǻͷˣǳͷ˻µ˰Ѿ׺Ϳˣ
ݳɫֱӾͳʶĵڶˣڸԷʱΪ׽֮һ̧˹ײģʵڲԸô¶Ĺ£˵һЩյڵĻ
һλǰͱǰλҪһЩʱΪ˲ҲУƢҲԽԽ̬ҲǰȻʧˡ
ݳҲܳĬڶѣĿǰûκ֤ݵ飬ʮش󣬸ǹغһ㲻Ҫ˵
ŤͷȻһԥ
Ҳ֪㲻⣿
˵עתƵϣݳҲתȥĲϡ
ëûʸЩص㣬ȴëȺ˴֡
ʻ϶ЩΡʱëڶ飬ѾȷҪ·Ҳѧϰ˺ܶꡣҪǰĹûô棬Ҷë֪֪ףҲΪë˵ѧͽ档
һһҲڼص¡
ݳֻôһ䡣
ŤͷأǸ޸ʱͷǲһֱеĲ
ͮҲڴ˿̽ӵ˵绰ȥˣ𰲱˳ˣʱϵϡ


66 
ʱ, ҽԺﴫϢëȷëȵС
ͬëҸӶʶڳʿ޲أϵĶȴԼͬӿٶȡʲô, Ϊ⣬Ƕˮʯ
Ϊᵽ˼أѧĹԱݵصԼؽŲ飬һ鶢Ųͬ׶εĻ档
ȵȣһ»طһ£
ſ챶ٲŵļƵ, ͮۼغͣ, ʾԱصǰٲţֻëë˵ݹʱõס˼ضЩġ
һ, Ҳע⵽Ƶ︺𰲱ĳƺҲЩԾ
ʮǰʼҶĴšϸ񡣰һȫ, ÿҪؿ֤ҽϸİ飬ЯΥƷ©һֻӬƶʵִйһЩ˴šСС©
һϸС©һпܱ˭벻ľı
пֲܿģȫĶȫȡ
ΣҪ鷳ץ飬ʱ磡
ʱ㣬ϵ˻ȴɵԪһƬ磬ð亹˫ֲ֪ǺãֻŸϽȥȥͺã
һ˳ĺҪһСʱԺ, εȴʱҲ÷Ѱ
һ, һŵǻϵĺλϡ˵ĶﶼŶ, οеĺʱһûһ졣
Ԫԭûȥ˵̸, ȴʮеز׽䡢ݵȼ̶, ͵һ, ҲۿɼĽ
¹ѧֱԪͨͨ𽥻һԽԽòȴֲǺǶȻ䣬¾ͱϣ
ԼߣʱҲٴȥҲܿҪ£
Ԫ͸޴͸شĵգͬһӰô֮ȥ
ǰжÿע: BA1234κڿʼǻƷʾǻ6ŵǻϷɻף;죡
֮ĵǻ㲥Ԫ׼ǻȴԤ׵رļ
ŤͷһſֵʧشյûԪʲô˾ȻһԲֱӾһҪ̫Ѩȥ
ԪһƬգҲӦ֮ʱ
ž޴ﵹص죡ʯ䣬˱һԿͨÿ͵Ƿٵ˵ƷЭѹڵϣô޷ٶ
ÿͶͻȻıŵĴɢǼߴóѱѹڵϵסҳʾٷ֤˵Ǳ¾ִڣҵÿԼС࣬شŵϵˣ⻹ѵһĳ
Ԫ䱻£Ͼֵı黹ûȫͷԼһȺˡϲǽٺϲúиǸ뻢ڣǲԼ̬лЩ¾죬ָܿŵǻڣʵڸлǣͻȻϮϾҪǻ򺽰Ҫˡ
˼һһǼĽ죡
ҪתǻȥûüȴѾ۵ϣשͷĻȺȷĿ⡣
Ȼˣȸһ˰ɣ
ͬʱҲ˶ص㣬ץסΪԶᱻֵǡ
չǸɱ˼ͭչ񣬺ɫͫڵƹӳջĳֹʮ񣬹ݳһʱý˼ϡ
ոգͮյϢľѾ󲿷永ԱЭ顣Ϊݵ쵼ߣݳҲõһϢͬʱ˵λСġս
ʣ֪һУʵ𣿡
Ļһٸʣݳѡһȸͷ⡣
Ťͷص˵ͷԵʮ񣺡ڵص֤ݣҾͽ֤ǰ׼ãӿһЩ̡
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ǣݳ˻ŲʱԹҪеɻΪʲôᱻ͵ЩǾôģ
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ڣ𽥳ĶҵһȰְҵļãΪΪҡ׵Ķ֮š
⿿ԼӲֳŹһʱ䣬ǳһĸϣٶ㺢һʱǿС
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ֽϵݣ˼ĵ˵ͷ
֮ǰѧŵӮ˱ԾʹӦһҪ׼ˡ滹պǰ̫ɽһۣʱѧΪأҲΪǿ̫ɽ˽дĹ١
һȻҪȥģӦĶɲǷ¡
ȻƼĳЩ棬뵽˵Ļһı顣


68 
뺯, ׼׼ʱǰȥԼʱ϶ڵһıըʽң˿ûҪȥļ
ǵķŭϾй, ȵ𸴾ݣ
ڣû̫ãˢ˹ٷӦ
ҵһݣйصһ1չ1503ﱻһ£ҹϱܲ, նԸ֯¼Ŀǰ, ڵУҹݽһʱ乫ᡣ
׶Ҿֳר飬һﱻһ, 尸ڽһ˲С
ձҲƲַﱣиαõӦ
ˢͷŭڵõЩҲҵ˿ߵ֯, ׷ױʾȵˣ
ȷõͷעᱻĪѹȥҷ@VжŷŻصȶɾӸ߲¡
ϹҵһƵͻȻ岥һڹҹżﱣżȫΧڿչﷸרжţŲڼڡȶȽ㡱ɱ˼ͭչͼƬȫ֪飬ͬʱͷ̬ȣ
ִˣҪʼˣմϲ
ж, ٷٶȱĻҪϺüҵĹ
һƵŲ岥ţ, ǿԿʲô˸ɡ, ôҲҿ˵԰Ҫˮʯ, ȫһ
YYDS, Ҿ֪ˣԲܳһ
˿, 취ͨϵڸ֤ݣĸӰ쾡ѹȥ˺ȻһȺİ˴칫
ܸǽܵ顣
ɫ䣬֪ǵͻȻȥеľ˲ɢҰ
£˵סӣԼҪסˡ
ıɡѾʧȥЧˣȫȥнг׵顣
ϣӳ־ΰԺȻȺѾʧȥɵݵòǿġ
ͮѡһ㣬־ΰǴ˸ļ
͸Ļ֪ϲϲ
ͮգգ۾ɫŴشءͤͤʵ¶ˮͬߵķɫϼŮžá
ӹ⻨ýù˳ĻƿذŪãȻ
תͷǳϲлл㡣
˻½ԺСС飬µĵλµĸλѧϰİĸ֪ʶѾٳɳΪһһв쵼ͮƼԼϣл֪ͺ
ëĶ쵰Сִ˵ӢüΣͦαǣ΢ĴĻȣͮǼƲֲ̫Ҷƣżص۾ֽŶЩЭ
ողųմӲʱͮ·ߵĻһۿ⻨ΪĻף
ֿϣԱãԶͿ֣
־ΰǴƲųߵһݡɼ˵ȫṫҵ࣬յƿҲ˴ӣ˶ֱ˿ǻд˸лк־ΰǸ
лŻ˵ǡ״Լںҳľ¼ƿȥ򣬿һһŵԼ֣Ҳ΢΢Ŵ۾ѵЩԡ
ôೡֱùֱ˶ı뷨ҲĬĬжǳͶƻõĹҲһִݵϡ
֪ۼôһֱ۵лŻǲ̫һϸϸؿһһʵƿǰһһӦͨ˵ģ֣ص
꣬־ΰҲ˵˴˷⣬˽ʲôʱпգиϣһ档
ûֱ˵˵֣һ־ΰҪȷʱ䣬ٺǱ߽жԽӡЩܻе鷳ϣ⡣
Ͼλһˡ
־ΰ뵽ԼϢʱܿҲܴܵӼƵļ뿺ܣҪ֪ǺܾöûйˡҲָп
ʱ䵹죬һǰжôǿҲԼڵģ
˼Ƭ̸Լʱ䣬Ӧⳡ롣
־ΰ뿪СԬź֪Сʣǲ˰λҪҲû˵֣˵ˣ
ΪΪû˭Լţ˭ҲνϵͳƼСԬڲͬķӦŽ˾죺˵˭ѽ
СԬ˵ֱ˳ֱ˳šε񣿡
ϵͳȫٿơվطվͬһʱѳ˵ĴϢûתСԬѾֻһ߸ߣŵؽ
ûɣ
Ȼȫ֪ʶְλߵĹԱ
ǰֻĴ
СԬȻѾ˹ȴǱǰͨ˵˼άȷ˲λҲһλĶֻ֣ԼƶһƮƮģûһʵС
ϸһŷԼѷ˷츲صı仯ͨ˺üӶܼۼ֤ԼҲһеСĹޣյ쵼˵Ļ룬ʵҲûô⣬ͦȻ
ϴξˣͱ˹һ飬ǣ˲ٴ
ϹźЦݣЩɵɵģԼܲҲȥո塣
ȴǣʵЩæʲôʱһ㣿
ʱúܿ죬ڼ䷢ȴһ㶼С˽ͷöҲ޷Լһҹ֮䱻𣬸ֳ±ҵεһֻͣϵĻѾʼˡ
ûٹЩ飬ȥ쵼ˡε
һһİ飬﷿ʱ򣬶ԷѾǰˡƺһݲϣſʱڴ
Ƽű򿪣ŮƽܿеĶվЦеǰͬ֡
Ǵ
ܸ˽棬ε񡣡
жؿǿԼһһ㣬ʮůϺܿСɳϣͬ˵
ޱ۵Ĺ½˶ҪҲƼ޵İ׷۽ǵƣͷá
ε˵ʮ棬ǵһʿȹʲô취Ȼָ𣿡
ʵѾİϸʧÿһѪ⡢ÿһϸӯǿԾκεļҲȫǿô
ֻҡҡͷҽƼԭʱָˡ
εûʲôţ룬ƽ͵ûʲôҲԼ
һ Ļش𣬲ȻʧЦӾ˹ȻͱдһȤĸԲᣬ˼֡ζʻ塣
Ҳ֪顣лʱĹף˿ڡ̹ᡢȨȰһϵжԷһֱڼִģͶƵļֵҲеġ
ȻҲʲôѧ֪ʶӦҲвٵĹͬԡ
λȫĹԱǵ۾ܹһĺͰЦݺͿĵȻ뾴ֻҪʲôⶼܹõôϲ죬ҲԸ˵ϼ䡣
˾ôһûһ˵Żʱε׻⣬ش
˵ֱ﷢飻ǿЩͷ˵Լĵ°ȻֱСȻỹлš
ȻһԸ㷹ɡ
ע⵽ʱķɿ죬ѾԭԤƵʱڵ㣬Ǹվ˿ԹͬԸ룬붼ûܾˣ
ˣڲóԷ
ϵ˼ѾýʳˮҲûҪԷ˷ʳ
εص˼ոպĵЩݣ֣أҾͲˡԺʲôҪҵģֱϵС󲿷ܴܰҲἰʱתҡ
С˵ͷʾ⣬˼
Ǿ´ټ
˵ǰƽٴ˸֡
ԥƬ̣ԼҪҪֱƮ֣뻹ˡôհɣҲһ飬ѶԷŵˡ
ǰŮѾ˲˽⣬Ҳݵ˵ĵͻȻɥʧֲ²бϧεʽ𣬽˴˴μȴֲѰĻ档
ȥСܿϵʽϢ
һεгڱϢûеõһ
ȥ֮Ϣ˽Ѹٴٸ֪˶֪ˡ
ʲôϯȻԼǵ棿
˵˲һСʱʱ䣬Ҳ֪Ƕ̸Щʲô
ΪеС£˷˼⣬ΪĳЩ˹ڦ˵Ĺߵǹ©ϢԾذûܻعڻǵشԭЩͷ
вĻޣΪʲô٣˿ġ¶ܵȲֶ絽λȴҲֻʱٲʲôС
ΪոλŹ˵˵һ̸Ҳõһν˶״ֱ̬ڶԼĳʱ䵽֮ǰۡ
Ҫȥˣֻʲôջ
Ϊ˱ֳ⣬̫ɽһţһнӵɽ
ɻϣӵ˴ν̫ܺܿɽʷ
̫ɽʷԶǵѧɣһǧǰΪ̫ɽʱĿɽʦ͵ؽɵֱɽ档
ɽʦź裬ڴɰ˽磬̫֮ɽ½½ֳˣֹ񼣣Ҳ˱˳ɽ
Ϊһ׷еĵгߣѾǵĴˡ
̸ܺԼʦţѾ仹¶ŨصĹԺУɷǳʦΪ
ǧдѽ̫ɽгϡӱضɽˡˣ֪ǵﻹмֱ棬ѧҲԸһǵĻ
μʦŵĶ׿ӡ̽ܿ콫ߴŲǰαԵĽƷ
һƽ٣ѧŸɵľӢ̫ɽղŽ˵Ϳ̿ħǶʱΧԼɱʹѧ羡Žһ𣬱˴˷оϣ¼񡣡
ȥǵĲһûҪģȥ;Э̡
ܺ츳ŵ̫ɽϲۣΨһرǶϤȸߣ˽ҲȾ󲿷ֵ˸ã˽ӵ
ע⵽ʱȻõЭ̶֣̬ʮƶ̫ɽѧŵĳ˸ΪܵĹ鼮дõ
˵ѧɶйŵķǱѧҪֳ𣿡
˳ɻǵ죬ɵĽɺ輤ҵķӦֻõʱǵķӦ̫ɽӵĻ˴ìܡ
ܺˣҪԿ˽⣬ܿͣƽɵȷĹء
Щɸֵϧǣ̫ɽ⣬ǲԸ⿪űŵĸ伮طҲһֱҪٳɸػذǰѧʢ˴˵Ľչ
ϧҲֻǼŬصԶ
˵꣬ȻǴӦ԰ҵȤҪ鼮ЩֻԼȡԿ˵¼ȷʽڶ͸¶
ȻҲ̫ɽ
ǲ̫ɽɳŮǰΪֹ󷽵壬һɻʱܿ콫̫ɽչ¶˵ǰҲѺܶ͵
ﻰûһⴵԼɣ˵̫ɽĺã˵̫ɽĳס
ԴСԬܺʮ˿ûĳЩʿС֡ɱǳѺá
Ȼ̫ɽĵص㼫Σ·;ңԶ᫣ܺһ·顢֮£·Ŀƴ
ڣǴһƬֵɽأܺĲ߽ŨûֻȻʣ̫ɽϵһɡ̫ɽ
СԬеɾûʲôֱɽǳƬƺһԼⶰΰĹŽϣĵԽء߽ࡣ
ҹʯɽˮɫʱʱƼ鶯ޣﶼһ˵ȥĿ泩
ⶰ֪ľ޴էһӰӾ칬ϸĲװûӰӾôĸ䣬͸Źӵζѧĵһɣ
СԬţȻܺһ·Ϻ˵Ļ
С
û¥ݣʹһλ˵Զ¶ļɢ̵ͷ򷢳֮˱ʾ
ܺҲ˳ƺǽܣǵ̫ϳϣλ
ûϼҴڣʮ桢ֵСԬϵͳԼĬĬϵĹ˳ˡ
һ߽λ׷ͯյ˾ӭֱ̫ɽϵĳġ
ߵ棬ƼһǵӰ˻ͷǼ˶ҪϣϵԼ˫ɲ۾˺òϵֻ̬˾ô˵ЩɴҲǳģˡ
ڼˡ
λΪϵ̫ϳһ֣λ϶˵Ϊ
̫ɽ̬ԱСԬ֮ǰҪ̫࣬һ
ȴû˼ǺѣֱԼǲھͿǰõԼӦõǷݽԼĺӵǼȻóͬŵȻᷴڡ
Ȼǰȥ󣬵ʱ6ʱʱ㹻ؿһˡ
Ҳڲʲô£߽еĵ伮ȫ⡣
ŵĶ̫ɽǧ괫Уе鼮޲ɬ£Ŵǰ̫λ˵棬ܿһѾ߳Ը߾ǵĲҲٿɵ˽ˡ
ֻСţгŵһбԭ򡣡
СͣĪҪ̫ļ
ϸܵȵȻѷɫѾ˺üԼиӾɣӺζʵڲϳ
Ҳ£̧۵ңûзӽҪ⣿
λѵ֪ⳡٵܣ
Ҳһ


69 
ûֱش, ǲ鵽ĵԭ
ļٲ飬ǰ¶ͷ̫ɽڵѧɲ֮֮Դ, ȻҪ̽ʧҳӦ֮
Ѿ̫ɽĴ£Ҳ̶̼, ԺǴͷ˵
Ǹʱ, һ̫ɽŵһСͯʱѧҲոշŨȲ½ʵĲͻȻ, µһԤϾ
λ̫ɽĳг, ǻûҲûʲôĵô죬ǧŵ塢ô죿
ΪƫƫѧһҪ⼸˵
ϼѧ˶֪ܣʱǰΪΪˡ̫࣬ʿ̺˴־þòܹأǡ
˵ͣƬֺ̣ܿ첹˺ķչΪʿҪˣ˶ԵʱĹͬʿ֡
⻰Ƽ򵥵ʮ֣صȴһޱȻҡڰʱ, ѪΪ֤Ĵ
Ըлȡع, ռôԴַ˾Ȼѡ, ԷԼķʽ·أ
Ǽʮ, ð˲뼫˻߱ħаʿնɱͬνġĹ¡
Ƕʱ, ѧ粻ûҵ˵İ취, ԼŪԪˣ
˵˴Ż桢ЦΨǶλʱڵѧʿζеʹࡢ׳ãѧĸԴ˭ҲϾһ졣
صȵ׶ϾԽϡѾõһпܣ
ѧв֮ˣͬҲ˼һԭʱΪе׳һˡ
ܣǵڿǸнȻ飬ȴԳЦ̬ȥǵƷġ
һʱԺ˷ûһãϡѧеĸһ𣬹ͬ̽Ѱʧȥ
Ϊһ̫ɽɽСӣҲ˵ǳᡣ
˵˳Լϵͳڵķλϵͳµض㵽󣬵ǲԼĴڱүүƵʱ
ŵΪֹѧ߲㹫ϵҪԭ򡪡Ⱦˡ
Ľʦڵ̫ɽǶ벻ͨʲôȾ˶޷Ѳǰͼѧһ
վһߣ󲿷ʱ䶼ֳĬĹ˳Ȼ˾仰֮ܵӰ죬ʲôغ𣿡
ԤԵϾǶϵ˶޷ǶϾӰͨˣ硣
ûϿڣ䳤ѾüŭûһԣʸŮ˲߽̫ɽˣ޷޵
Ȼֻǣɥʧ˵ήҲ޷֪ʹصֲȡٶȻµ˥ȵ׶ϾͻΪһƬĮ棡
ǼҪѧһҪ磡
䡢ٴԤĴٵı̲סǻΪŴǰ֮˻ܴ֮ˣ
˵ոѾµܺ˲̫ϳϡλԼ̫ɽĿǷ裬ʵʵ¡
ûй͵λᵽѾ˴̸۵ݣ˲֪̫ɽȴܡеɽҲؽ̫ϳϵָеӦ縺Ρ
صΪ⼸ڣˮ峺ˮ滺Щ˵ȴû˿иµûҪ඼ͬ˵˳
Ⱦϵ˼أνĿƼѾ޷صĵز
׷˵ͣڹ˳ϣ¶һ˿ԵʱĽʵǾ޴ĵˣ˴ޱȿµ֣֮
ΪüҿƼ˾ҽҩ˾ܲáϯʵĹ˳Ҳֱֱͬ˻ȥҪħƼ
ķֻ֪ڵͼ/йܣͷԺޱٶۣǶ֪ͼıȻı磬ȴǳ׽Ԩ֪Σȴֵסջݣ
ϵԴȴԽҲ֪Щ뷨˶¡
µȾ޿ײ룬޴ڡȪˮȾʴǵصµҲûжⳡƽ١ԭʿӷЩˣزֲɱ飬Ӿѭƣǻص
ǰҪֹȴס˵ڽڰˡ
ˣѧŸֻǰɽļƻˡɽ֣ĽӴһƬ
ѧһͨ˵ֵƵԽԽͣŸеҲֻʣһЩΪ˱Ͽ֧ŷ֧
һȷѧʽ΢һҲŸΪ֮
˳ֻûݷǿ֪˶٣ֿ֪ǵͬǰܼ䡢ʹĥı½˶٣
ҲϿƼɵĲֶ˵ܵӰ죬Щǰʵ΢
˳ѧʢеʱѵûƵ¼ѧ֮񻨣
̫ɽϵһ˳ϲľ޹أһɵȻų
һԻ֤ʵǽȻ෴ˣߵҲǱ˴ĵ·
̸˻ҩζ°ǣҲ˼Լڴ˴ĿƼչиԼ̫ɽ˵ĻԵ
ҲҲһͨˣܽ˶ûܽ⣿
˵Լ޲ߣλĶЩ˵ζϣĴƽ᲻취ȴǲеѵúƽǰ֮ˣ
ϷתѾǴгֵΨһһ
عͷ̬ӵޱϲ˫۾ȴĹâ⻰ָ֪ܲԸָ֮塣
ÿɷ̯̯֣Ҳڵȷʵûףܹ¡ꡢʮ꣬һҾ뵽ˡ
̧ͷǰͣϾҵԵȷҪ˶ҪһЩ
˻δô԰ˣȻǰ̸е츳ƫƫȷʵûдﵽı죬ֻŴһԲĬĻ
Ҷ֪ûմȾһټСԬĴڣ˵һԭѾͬ⣬ҲûĽʬ꣬Ҳ޷๡
Ȼ͸Ӻζȴܸܵᡣ
˵˵ѣȴᡣ
ȷǸԽȫ֪ġ֮ӡ
úȥѰҪ鼮ɡ
˵˵һһܰҵ֮
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ǰֻһˡ
ŵĻһӣ˳СԬȥһϢЪϢܺ򵥶ǰȥֳŵ
һ˱ֿһһһͳһһߡ
һһĻȣ̫ɽԣ滨ݣԼ翴ԶоǻصǰǸ硣
̫ɽȫԣɽͷΧͨ޷󷨣ŪһԴ
Ҳ˹ٷѧһֱڸҵıԭ򡣳ʿĽУΪļֵչÿƼĹٷȻĵһһǶľţôһġ
ոյĻشǹʧܲ˵أʱҲãΪҪɢĴ⣿
һ죬ݽߣ޷ٵκǻָģҲʧ䡣
һ·ϣ˲ٵķ䣬󲿷ַ䶼ѾãżܿڴûܺˣתͷܵǿϢ
ͷһĲС¥֮ľϵĲ֣̫ɽûѣȷʵѧɡ
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߽ʼʱʱ䵽һ㣬ҲҪˡ
ܺǧҪǿȥ޷򿪡飬ҲҪʱ䡣
˵꣬ηؿǰⶰľ¥Ҫս˶Ѿõ㹻̵Ľѵ
һʶĸ¥Ҳ̫ɽı
ٿʻ˲󣬿ŲĴŻرա
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䣬ⶰ¥ͬ˵
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Ҵӵһȿ鷳ҽЩ鼮չҵǰ𣿡
ˬӦ£ҲվĺɫʶһĴ裬ųޱҫ۵ĹĵΧһжȻʧɫ
ⶰڲĿռȷڱúڰĲͬһһŽɵǰٵطԼҳ
Щ̫ҾͲóЩ㿴ô
Ϊ̫ǻ˶̺ǿĲضİŮδȴǿż˳ۣԸĻæ
Ʊ˫Ѿֳ״̬۾ȴȫĸ֪Щ鼮ϢĴԣ֮ٵضȡգ
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һɬѶ̺صַҲֱӴ˳ڽ
ֱ׸ףŮ˱⣡
Ҫһʱڽеȫ꣬һ䣡
˵ܽǵĲҲߣȿȿȣսŶӣ
һߣ˳СԬԭŵϢ裬ҲҪʱ׼ûãһţ߽СԬĿơ
Ǻãһ£
Գ̫ɽӣܺʦ֣˵ɽˣлλ֮·Ĺޣеʮֺðá
̫ɽ˶ܹΪСԬСԬԭΪǶԼӦûʲôģ˽Ͳ֪ԭ˾ȻСʱɽûȥ
ֻΪﵽ˳ϵҪ󣬲ױа֣ǲܱɽ
衵ĵûж涨ֳɽǳʵҲɽͬǵȻɽϡŹֵЩջҲֻܳһСʱ䣬˶ѡʱ
ǿҪɾʹģȻͨһң˵ЩҲˣͬɽĶ޷ȡ
֪ʮϡʦʦÿһÿһ벻ɽټʵʳƷô˻ǻɽĺá
ԣûɽǵһۼ
СԬǰת˼ȦȦضԼŲ֪дʲôıʼǣʵûгȥˣûѽ
ֱüͷһ˵ҲУ˵Щ棬Ҳиǳ׶䱻ɽģ١
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ʶʧ֪˱̮ɽͬǻ㱨
רҵҽŶӸžԮһͬЩոѹ˵ĵҪǵҪص̧ϵܣҽԺ
Ϊˣֻܿĳ䳤ҲûɫĻʿҪߣδ¹ɽ̫ɽ˲ʶĶɽˣ
ȺҪʲôȻҪͬǿƴߣ
ƫƫȺϵջ˴룬ΪӵĴæûκηҪ˿ЩϲûжŵĹҲǶ֣
Ⱥ˵Ҫȥƣ̫ɽ˻÷˼̮޹أΪҪôǾҽѲɶԷҲ׷֮ˣ
˳ϵͳɿȺΪѡ߹ȴˡ鲻ˣջĳǲٳ֡
ۼû˵ĻĳϵһԼ˵ĵǰȥˣ˻ڣǵɽѾûˣǶڣ̫ɽŻڣҪŰšһҺ䳤Ͼȥǣȥ˵ʱȼõɡ
ʦܾȻȫӶŹٷ뿪䳤ϻȴʦһס
ƺѧĺ־ΰͮҲͬǳŵ˺Щӣֻǰȥơ
ʱóһŴ
ǧɽ¡šɽԱٱǰ̫ɽ֮ԿĶʧٻͻȻУشɡ
ѧӸѼʽ棬ص顣
ѧΪλģһνŴƺЩխĿǳСˣԼһĶֵƺȫڹĽ֮У˲˵ıˣΪͳɵ̫ɽ̫ϳϵ־򣬽Ǵһ·ϡ
ͬѹͲкֻܵ͵
Щ˴ûһֱͼŽˡҪɽһšӽ˵̫ϳµ񳹵׽ҿ
ԭͰֱ֣֮ջ滹Ҫߣȴһ֡
ͬǳһٴνݺҽ˵ٶã
Ȼʾѧ񴦵˽桱ߡ
ЩʵѾлۡһЩԼѧĹٷǰǿʧȥʶסĵһɽŵɽ̫ϳϾôݵش߻ȥ飬ӭļɷ˵
仹Ҫ̫ϳߣ׳侯սʿֱŪ˵ϣȥҽԺһ£ȷûϾͷߣ
־ΰҲʾƽҲҪġλΪĹؼ֤һͬǰȥЭ顣Լ˵ı¼ʱṩǷġ顣
µ񣬲òͷĶŹٷӦʦȥƣԼȥ̫̫ϳϡ
˵ܣۿһôأ
Ҫ˵̫ϳϵĶңıһ𣿡
ЩͷúõĹ˳ϵͳԼСԬѵЩͬģȻǲ̫ܹ⣺㵽һѧ̫ɽʧδ
ҲǵɽԺԭһ׷Ѿ˱仯ǰһɽ֮ʱٴθı䣬ֱԤµִ
ʶԼĶҪЧʥնȥҼʱȣȴɡ
Լʲô䲻˵˴һҪȥѧŪ
ĵͷ̫ϳϵ㵽ѧ̫ɽʧĽ֣ʵ֪ҲһǻͬѡӭһĽ֡ѹ˵֮ˡ֮˿壬Ϊǳһˣȴְ˵İűضϼȶ·
ôĲߵȡ
Ҳ濴ĲǴδǸ֮δ
£ѧĺѾûʲôϵˣծġøıġĶԼȥɣֻҪЩ˱鷳ͺá
ôţҪȥ
־ΰȴǰһͷĲ֮룺ҪΪѧʽʣεһѧ»᳤ܲȥ³ѧȥϼڿΡ
ôһͷκ͹Ȼԭʱæ꣬úϢϢء
㱻ǵĲҲϽܳѽǵ黹ûأ
ϵͳС
л˵
̫ϳϵָˣϣ棬һͷˮСɰ£
ȻѧЩ˲ٳQ滹дһٷŮĺľͶԼˡԵˣ


72 
ڹٷԱʼת̫ɽ˵, ΧһƬϷֹ˽ʱϵͳ֪Ū˸־, ԹضԹ˳Сֹ˵㲻ǳĺġĶ⡢մǲݣһѷծ
ͬծĹ˳εϵͳ˼ҲΪһʱġͨ˳̬׽˲, ҲѵöЩ
ߵĴ, ĪػӦϵͳǾ仰ĳ̶˵Ҳֻǵġù㷺¶մ
һϵͳһֻһˣټһǵı, ͬһһȷʵԽԽḻˡ
Լо׽ڱԼ, Ȼ￴ϵͳ˵Щ÷ǵĻܿͬ˳ת˻⣬һر˴θԼҡ
Ȼ󣬳עܲٿĸĹҡ
ȿȣʵе񫣡
˳ҲûܾƢصͷʲôҪĹܡϵͳ۾һϽԼ͵ϵͳͳͳܲŪ
˳ȥͿʼоĳŵ, ϵͳԹܿϲɰ~\(RQ)/~, ڴԼң, ݿһ¼˳ǳڶõ, Ǹõѣ
д, ˺СԬ, ֱܿ׳СԬˣԼдһûë
һһͳıź־ΰǰ˵ĬؽԻǰһٷ񴦵Ĺʺѧ»᳤
ҲԸٷӣͨϵͳԼ֪һ´ʣ뵽˵Ҫÿ̶ͬһط˸СʱҪŪʲô°򿨡
ֻŵ־ΰʾЩæԣҲܡϰࡣ
ûǲܣ
Ĵ𸴣־ΰʧЦҪϰֻ࣬Ҫڳչָһ¹żæΧڵͿԣЩϵĹ˴
רҺѹǣǸûʲô۵ˣҪΪǵó뷨ȥģ廯ƶȻȥơǣҪǧҪͼƿ
ӴʱֻҪ֤ʵϡ壬Ĳؿ̫ࡣ
ʵ֤רҵĽͬЧҲȷܲɹ˺ꡣ
õģҾͲڹȥָһ¹ɡ
ϰ࣬в֪ΪͻȻһǶĳִ٣ٺļɸС
첻µزµҲʶȻǼܿµ飡
ǽ֮ǰһ롣Ϊͬ˻˵Ǻ֮ͨϵľ޴ݡȻӦͲǽ˵˵濼ڵ˵ͱض
ǣոջѧϵǰǻ۵һȥ͸һϲ
ѧ縴ӷŵĻ֪ţһᷢʲôµѧ۰Ͱ͵ض٣Ȼ׵ˣٷ̫ɽһ£ʮռĸ֤ݡһϣ
ɡ塢ʵϹٷȻռϷ磬ٲܽѧɻ¾̫˵ȥˣ
£ѧ׽˹ٷļܷΧѧԱ䣬öڲμӰ塢ļֵ۽ѧϰÿÿɵ־Ըʱ򿨣
ѧŪվܸٱල
ӽԺûʲôνϣз
ȥ֮ĵһǽһʼҡԼġ»ڲﲻ֪ڿ黹
죬˳һԺŵĵһʱС˼ʮľŵ佨ģϣȻľС¥ǰ͸һʲô
˳ʼԤϵľ󣬵õһӶ顣ͬк󣬽ۼ֤ԭʮ׸ߵĲ¥գۼĴС
ͷ죬һƲľ
֮󣬲֪ǲΪоòŪЩ϶ⱻעӣ͵˰ˡ
֪Ѿͨ෶룬־Ū췭ظҲʲôΣյȴǼÿ춼ڲ¥ǰ
ϵͳСغСԬۣ˳ȷʵģİΣ춢ô
ٺ٣ҪҲûһϵĹܸܵǷȫһҲ
СԬϵͳĻضſ޷ĵӾ硢ӰС˵ƽʱҲʮֽľԣȴɵϵͳ¶ĳּ临ӵǴ˿Сڡ
ǰͦĵġ
ϵͳоСԬĻӦƺЩܣȫûϣŤͷԼȥˣ
˱ͬСȻľʸ¥Ưڰлɢ⣬˳רעȷӻŲ˽Ų
Сţûߺ͹ҼϷĹ˳⻹ڶʮһôؿСˣһģһĳ࣬ȴĪرɰ
ɨŷϵĽ˿۾˼Ϊʲôôɰ࿴һۡ˻᲻Ӱ쵽Լ͵͵һķ޻᲻ֵһϵش⡣
ʱ䣬ղ鼮֪ʶڶǽйԼԼݣŪһƵϵ
ƴ󡢼޵Ĺ̺ķѵʱȻ̣Ҳ·ص˴ǰµʱ򣬰ꡢһչزʵ¡
չصʱҲ˲ٵ顣
֮˵ĵóȷ֤ݣвĴʦ֤ʵֻʣңҲճԼУλϴ̫ɽе뿪Ƭأ˵ǵȫϡȾصĵطȥˣ֪ҪЩʲôҲ֪òŻ
֮ǰĴרжȦжҵﷸרκ³Ĺѧǣͷ˴ڲרµرж
ٷ˴ѧŸİࡢǴǰµ飬̵ḷ̌˽רŵļ֮Ȼһ壡
ȻٷҲѹѧķչ
ǲ֯»ٽ֮ġѧ֣˸ľӢѧפѧɵУִѧķʽ˵ͬҳӻȾһϵ⣬ѧʵӦõתͨ䲼˸ཱʩҲᡣ
ٷڵͽ̬ȾĹǰδеĸ߶ȣȫΧǿչȾΡͨʵʵж𽥽˵Ҳ£˹
ڼ䣬˶ʵҹڱչеϢȫ˻ȥ
˵óԲúȡ궼ûһϾҪ񹦴ɣ˵֮ǰѧһ˵̫ɽ̫ϳϱһĵ˵ص׵ȥǺǧ׵ĴɽҲǱһŲĸ֡ԡûǲ۵˸鷳
ΨйٷԼܵ˻ʱʱ̽һû
ϣΪ˲ǿȴֱϵͳųڱչУڲ֪ͨ÷˿ǰҰȴֻܽʵͬһʯһȴٴι
ŸֲŰԼŬģĳ֣˶ȲԻ͵ġսɱμţȴƵ𽥼١
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ʮһӻʲô˰Ī
ǣţⶼʲôѽǲвôֱӵ˾ܾӣ
ûٹȦȥˢˢƵĿĵû϶ԷȻһη˺룬Լǹˣָĺţ˼ҵج˽֣ѡ
Űɵͨ˶Էĺ룬˾ĳһЩش¼ͳͳ˹
˿̣˯ڿԱסĶϱҡڿ㣡
ոݵ񳹵ɵۣЩ׼ȷϢ仰һļƤվ򷿼ܣָϽԼֻ
˻ͬϢÿһ亹ֱ
ɷΰǵϢҲͬ㵽㲻ţҲִȰ㣬Ҳһ˵
˺ҪϽϽд̸˻ػ
һ£ߣ
ҷӦû£òƭҰɣ
˲֪ǲˣüӶûٻأ͵ҪӴ绰ַϢķӦԭҲԵ֮ˣҪǲţҲȲ㡣
˵꣬˻һ㲻ҵģұҪ£
궼㱻ûˣ֮оǶ죬˰죬ˣ
ⲻǰǰԼһֱ׷ģһʱҲڶƵˢǸʲôѧ
ΪŮʮر𣬽ĿҲͨ˺ܲһϲǿˣ
˵жģ²⵽ݸ񾪵ԭرԼ΢!ѲɣҪˣ
Ҫȥ߶ӣķ˿һЩŹֵ飬ԼŪ
ɶԷȴ漰͸¶˲֪ı仯ҪǾҪķѹһϵˡ
Ǿռٷƭ֪ʶԼ׼Լ
Ҳķ˿϶˵ѽ
ؼʱ̣뵽ӽõһ֤취ʲԼҪǮҪǮ˶ƭӣ
ǣû͸¶ݣеѧˣõģҲ˵ʦجҪôѽ
˵һǮҪģֻҪԷҪǮ֪ǲǱˣ
ˬؽһصĿھƣڲôκйصĶҪеļ˱ܿ
Ӷϱȥϰ࣬ϰҲżҵ˷ķѧƺһҲҪ󷹣ȫ˶ȥԵæȥһ飬Ĺ˾衣
Էôˬͽج˵İ취Ӧƭӡ
ǣСˣʦе죬ǲǸʦѽ
һ淢û뵽ϳˣѾصԸֱͷ¶棬ܵôĿԲַʽϣұܡ
ƮƮڿﵱлүлԼĺл
ԭΪ¾͵˽׽˭֪ӺַµϢãб䣬Ȼ˼جˣȴһڻнѣ
ողŷĻٴλ񣺡ʦô죡
ҰﲻǣֻܿԼ
¾ܵض£үܷܲŹһҰɡ
˵ȵһﶼû취ˣ͵һӾֻ춼ˣүôһ°Ҫٰ
дд֣˶ԷһҪæ취ԼһҶǺˣӻ˿ܼȰָ·
һᾡǴˣջֻ²ȫƽ١ӽͳȥˣԽԽãܹɰǧˣҲԶˡ
ɰǧˣԼǸͨļͥŮܹô̵ʱô˰
ۿҪջָһ·
ַwwww.huaguocishan.comʵڲֻþƿķʽˣҲٵĻ۹ƽѵİ취
ͷһ˿ԾȥַȷʵǹҵĴվԥҲҪǮǮǾ˵ġ
ǣڶԷĴߴ£վϾԼ˶ʮǮ
ִʦõģҸܵһϵѾɢȥ԰ˡлΪҪõĹףʱҲһֱǵġ
ִʦǺԭ˵ұչظϢмǱܡ
ӦþòƽһʮƿһָеʮͻȻ㷲ڼ߶
Ǽֵ˼ңһ㻵ûΪʲôүҪجˡ
Ϊʲôôͽˡ
֪ȥոմʦȥƵƽֱ̨ƵȴΪ¼Ƶʧֺе㲻
Ȼ˲ٳˣԼҲʲôϵɣ
绰µ˵ո΢ţ˵Ҫج˲ϵһ̣ڹ˾ϰЩԼĶ䣬˵ʲô
Ҳйһ˲Լǲ汻еѸٴԼĹλվûԷʲôǮɣ
˵ûУ˿˵ֻǡֻǸƻ˵㹦Ǯʱס˺
ĸƻ
ȷϣǸַðվǰһڣڹ˾ֻ˶Ǯ
ʱڵǰæµĹ˳ȻԺϵͳһ󼤶Ľк˳СԬǿˣ
ϵͳԼͶӰǣʶѴ¼չֵһûҾѾֻǲԸֱϣұء
ҼΪ㵽㲻ռѪ֣֮
鲻ԽػԼԴѪϵͳ̺͹˳СԬһϵĲ󣬿˻ı¶һɱ
ǹ˳ӵ־ΰϢи˾Υŭ
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ڽ֪ʶڻͨԼһϵҲһۣȻһ
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ʱڹѧֱٴο
л˵
½Ҫݣ1ܿ 2ʱúÿ 3ǸոճصҴǮȫҴ󸻴һƽ


73 
־ΰյؾթƭŻðƭϢ, ӵ죬֪˵Щ޿ײ룬˵ǵ죡
Ȼð, һ㶼֮³
Ŀǰݶ𱨰Ĺͬ㣬жϱܿǰͷµ·թƭŻ˸ռĿͻϢģ˵иվתʽġ
ϵƭˣթƭŻﻹĿȺתƵ, ϵƻ۹µĽƭȡǮơ
, кüѧҳıΪȰСҪǮ˻йزŷɱ
𰸼ǰͬεغͺ־ΰͮ˸ǼҳĻ, ˵ʲôƭСüҳǮ͵ԣйزű뽫ֱƵ¼, Сѧ
̲ͮס˸ۣȺƭӾȻѧŹԼǣСȻͻмҳҪйز¼ܷɱ
˵ҪȥȷϣƭӡʾǲǺ湴Ŀɽ˵ʲôòĴҪһٱġ
ͬ־ؽ꣬˵绰ҪŻ٣սץ鰸˼ϵƭ
ʵȻǸ, ڲʿ̫ɽһҹ̮˥ܵԭͳͳᵽ, ֪˭λı׼
ɾͨ˲֪ѧ緢һϵ, ӡͣڴǰǸԤѧ, ֪¡
թƭ֪, ¶о, ȻվѾʧ˰֮꣬ǰҲһʱԤһ飬סĸʼСǶ
ͬĳλ˵ﵽ10ʱ˴ﵽ50ʱ˸գﵽ100ʱǸڼ̤˼һзɣﵽ300ʱϽ̼ܶη!
ֻһᡰͷʲô
Ǹ֪ǸʲôĴڣ֪Ȼң
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治֪ȷʵԣôƵҲ÷Ƿɾ裬Ҫٽʱ
СͷĿѲԱǵĹ״̬ҵ⡣
С쵼뿪ģŮȻйؽĻűϣͬԼϢһ
ָˣɱ𺦵ǹûɡң㹤ֲʲôϢġ
Ա߸ڵϲ˺ţĿˡϢƭһžش֣һ
թƭŻʼǴȡֱƵкϳɣŪЧ
һѡƭթƭŻСŮѧѧˣרŸӮ÷εĸλ
Ǯ̫˾ͷֵ£֪֪ϢһʧǮ˾͸쵼˵
˼䣬СίزٻأֻĬĬˡ
˵Ҫ˾Աı˻ӣƭСûȥס¥ƭǮ
ҵ꣬Ǯ۷ˣȭߣв
Сô˸ƭӣÿؿĳЩĿꡱãȴǱƭͳʮ򡢼ʮϱҹҹ˯á
ѧϰĳ˵Ѿûôֵͦѧֱ˵ʱôͺˣϽƭͱˣ
СҲ룬Ƕ˵˱ץסĸС֮СΪթƭõ˺šIPٵģտкҲ͸¶ҵʵϢһֻתǮٻµĺȥƭˡ
ץǮǲһ
Ϊƭ15ϼұʷǰļΰŵԹáԽأôҲԽԽ
ɵӡϡȱ˼˵ʲôʲôôҶ͸˼ҵˣ
ϹȢֶ壬׬һӵǮãһӾͱܳȥʮǲ
ˣΰͷλӵĻ
ٴһǮЩǮ㽻˵ģҲôϳˣ
ʲô飿ίǰɣҰų͸ҹȥҲ͹ȥˣ
ɷĴΣ˵µĻͱεѹشоԼһǱС࣬ˤ˵ϱ̤
ɷ޵ĳһԹӵ
֣˵ˣ
Խ˵Խֱӵڸĸм䣬ֹͣ
ãʮҾǳȥȥѪҲһỹ㣡ңھ͹ȥ˰ɣ
鼸ʮٰ꣬ɷĻƢҲԶòڼڿҿҸһҲ˳һӵ񳹵ױˡ
̫ˣҲĺˡ
ΰôĴȻҳԼУҲ֮üŭ̧־Ҫһƣ
վһߵ֣صһֱӴһʱ쳹ӣ
ݵļ˶ûٳ͡ѹֵ˼㡣ͨ첻ϵԼҪ
֣ʲô侲㡱
ӦɷոԼֵ嶶˶ֺܿ쵲ڶǰŵʲô
򣡡
ΰվһսߵĸӣѾԼҪ׳ĸո빤λĶӣ޵ǱѿӣʶԼոյĳ嶯ȴζϳϡ
һУߣܼҵĲһˣ˰ɵĻˤŶ
ͺĸӶ˴ⲻ֪㲻ǼҵķĬĬ
裬û°ɣ
ӣʮò𣿡
һ˼ͬһʱ˵˽ȻͬĻӵĹģ͸˵ĸܵһ˿ůӿŬһЦûУƣʵҵġ
ʱҲ˲ԼֻʮǮ
ȻȫʮҲһʲСĿޱεͬʱֻʶӣ治ǮҲŪ𣿡
̾˿ǣͲġ
֮ǰ˵˿Ǽٻϻؼһ֪Ǹ̫ϤҲͦģʵвСĲˡ
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˵ĻҲ˵Ŀǣǰìܣ˵ʲôֻܿүĻҪܾûҪⷢԼݡ
˵ţٴοЦˣǼҵϢӦþͨȡģǰܶʲôʾСƷĻ𣿡
֪ڵû˱ܣҲ˵ȥֻܰοѾ˾˵ץƭӣǮлһġ
￴ԼֻϵֱкȻһȾ׷ǮҪϣã뷨
һһʱͻˣһܷҡײƭȺ˶ɣ
ô쿪ʱֻεһѣһϢǧƽ̨עѧֱֱУ~
ոͷ
Ѿ˰죬ŵȻͳȥҿûʲôķ Ա֮ĹŬѼʧֲһ
ɷȻѾȥĻȻĶߣǮҲ֪ɷضҪԶ飬ԼҲҪ̧ͷˡ
տڣͿͻȻĿƣǿʲôϢһֻ
ӣĴȥҡ
裬ȵȣԤУһ鵽ң
˵̫Ļð˵ˣ
ԭڲǴԼĳŵͬٷԼĵá
߳һ˲䣬йصĸϢǵоӿͷ
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̱⣬ȰЩƭӴȥ١
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ŵĻϱˢĸӭعĻӲԺ˱øӳףֱͿسƵǺȻһص䡣
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ӵҺѣ˵Ҫ١ȻַһͨҵĸϢ˵㵽Եѡ
˶ѵҲһô׼ϧʾȻûôҲ˵˺ܶණҲűԿ̬
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74 
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Ϸʱƭüǧ, ƭӼӺ˵װľԺԾͱˣźпϴһա
ȥ꣬ƭð쵼ͷҽǮȻҸƭӴ顭
ұ㱻˽ȥˢ, ʼ߶, Ͷʮȥ͸־ܾǮٺվҲ·ˡ
豻ٿͷƭ˵ĶҪ˿ôƭпźֻ֤, ʮ򶼱תˡ
ұپթƭ˵ϴǮ, Ҫҽɱ֤𣬻ûϵ
үүʵƭԱƷûþͺ˼ҺرףϴһޱƷݽ𶼱եˣҪǮǲ֪
Ҵ·߳齱1000Ǯɽկӵԡ
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ܵҵЩ䣬Ųԭѧʢ磬ƼѸͷչĵطͨԶļѣĲƽ
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75 
ѧֱ临ˣ
־ΰ˲յصϢ, Ҳ˵ѵѧֱĻ⡣
ѧֱ俪ÿضҪָ˼¼Ҳ⡣ֱеԵ˾ͱƭðϼĺѣ
ѧҲͬʱյ¼ı档
ڱΪթƭáұһթƭѵ, ʮרԹ˿չթƭթƭŻϢһɳרǰұ棬뽫ЩթƭȫعУ
ѧͮ˵ŪȥЩթƭŻȫ, żǧѼٸŪȫʧȥ, ѹľ춼ŵˣɻԱδڵء
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Ч̫, µҾȻѾüֲ֣ʼϰˡ
ͬ߿ԺһǾη̾
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ٷҲд, ĻǴˡ
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óıз࣬ΪͬС飬ЭŴѧ¼ԼһЩԽ⡣
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Ӷ˶вĿǴĶҪСѧϰĲף
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ͨǿļڶ̶һ˳ͨԣͬתΪʽԱҲ˽ִϣڷڡ
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ǰָǰ۾峺ϻʮѵõػԾ˵ͷãԵġ
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ЩСἸĿƵض²̫˼ֱôҲܹ̲ס͵͵ϼۣ
Ҫ֪̫ɽ̫ϳѧһݵĴ˵еҪ̫
һʤ˶˶ٸܹ̫ɽΪƽأǰչ¶ĸ߳ȷı£ѾΪ˵֮ѧһˣ
쵱Ĵоǰ˭ܲϵ˷أ
ͻȻΪʲô
ǰҴӦ˵ѧֵĹʣҲӦ˻᲻ǰָһ£˴ǰΪгŵ
֪ȻԼһֱڱչأǹʹһֱаʾ˹ٷʽԱе籣Ȼ֪ЩʲôãҲˡ
µĹӼҪָǵģ
Ҳилɣͨ죬ͬǰѧϰѧ֪ʶƺȫһϵָһ᲻᲻̫У
̫ɽΪصĲ·Ϣֻеʱڳ̫ɽ֪ûн⴫˶ΪĴСĵеĴͳѧԶ
˭Ҳ֪һװ취ʲʺˡ
׼ʹҹͬ̽̽Ƴǵǰƿ˵Ϊ
˻һһ˫˫С۾ŵԲԲģ˷ܡڴлŲţԽȻͬʦšѧߵĲͬĵϰòͬһߣ
ʱ˳Ȼ˵ԺͶӰʼøոճϵʱ䣬ġġPPT
л˵
ǸԪ̫æˣ˯˯˺üβ
ʱ죬ܻܲ


76 
ΪԼͨʲô𣿡
׳, Ȼ˸ֲͬĻشʡԡˡԵȵȡ
ǸСԵܽȾ֣Ӧɣ˵˶, ֻǾ˵һٵûС
е˳ɫУе˴СͽмãеѧԡѧʲôȱĿãѧͬˡ
ܺӺŬ뻷Ҫ, , ѧ֮ϣ츳ռ99
ʵͬǻûʵͬ, һɽš
򵥡ȡɵİ취, ʢĵطУøĶֻѾԽԽѡ
ĻҲٶᡣ
£ԽԽ٣ֲʣǿЩ̫ɽҲѾ𣬽ݾҲ˳롣
ȴҲõĴֻҵĸ򡣺ν򣬶ĸ֪աӦڸ򡣡
仰ڳԽרע, ԽΪϵԽ, ܵҲԽǹϵ顣
ڴĶ󶼻ɬ, вȱ, ټ֮价ı仯ʹѧиӼѡ
Ӧظ˶δġ˵
ǰ˵ǻ۲ǲ, ŵĲԼ, еĲǱԼĵЩһδ桢νʦʥ˿ڿഫĶ·ȻҲͱԽѡ
⻰˵ЩأڳЩѧЩζĻãȻ
˵һ仰Ƕ˲ϸղŽˣ뼤Ϊ̫ܵĳȻվСŪΣվȴֹһ
ѾȱЩԭϣҪʱԷġȥ
ҲӴɳ֣лͶпԼѾʧؼ
䣬ҶЩǰ˵ܽҲһЩԼעƣһݡ
ʱͶӰϷųɹĲݣǵһҳĹԴʶعݾһ˵ʧ˶
в֮νġݣؿľԭе״̬ǿԽĿģֲֲİ취Ҳչ˳
£ԭΪֻһѧѧ˿һСױòͬˣ
óĲѾʧȱʧУںϡƣȫΪ֪֪ʶ
һȥܱǰѧͷѪ޲õŵط
ŵ˲ֻǣиոչӲֹܾЩݵ³
Ȼ³δйУѧϵ֪ʶҲ֪֮١жϳ˴ĶͬСɣ
Ҳ˵ǱĻʷֵѾ㹻شκһ֪ʶϵļֵǲɹģ³ޱǿҵԤУҲӽ쿪ʼѧչӭµķԾ
ЩЩ𣿡
֣ѿڶֺ޲ý⻰Ͻ̻ȥΪҲʶԼĲס
ıλûƭǣǰҲȷδƭǣЩһģ
Ǳͨ˸֪Щļֵж£궼޷Ҳҵ˰취
ЩҲ𽥱ظӾη벻ҹ⡭ʵ
˳ٵлpptΪʱִֻüǰ沿ֺͺĿ¼ܿ㲥ҳ˳ӳ
Щѧ֮˿۾ҪˣһҪȥңһҳ濴һĳ嶯̶ס
־ΰͮҲʶ˽췢˲õҪű棬ײѾڴ绰³
³һƣڽȻͷ
³ϼȫǼ֮һҲ˲²⣬ԵЩ
˷ܡšؽ״ΣҪΧסѯʸϸЩĪǰ˻ڵȴ쵼ʱ䣬ֱӳˡ
۸ոչҵ绰ûüڵ³־ΰˣʾ͵
ѧԼĵöѾڹ˳еӲڽǡ
ӻûӦѾһӹǿʮͨʵӲ̣־ΰҲɼӿ졣
ղŵٵĽ취ҵˣԺ󻹻ԽԽʿ
³Ҳûа㻳ڹٷԼҵ֧֡
ǽһɽһĿǰ޷жĵ׹⽻ϣûбصˡ
־ΰͮͬܿ췴ӦøѧɣÿõһеʿҪһݹٷ飬ѧֵ顣
ѾֻѧϵˣҪԶԣֲӦҲĻҪҪ
ֹͣٵƣŨȻܲӡ
³ͷֽ֯רҵʿЩݽзУȷϿܶԹӰ죬ԼɲԣǷҪùҵֲ
ͬᵽһյС˵ĺ־ΰʵԺ󣬻᲻ҶܹѧʿҲࣿ
һĳȻǾô̼ˬ죬ΪٷȴҪǵظȫ
ͷҡͷҲδһ죬˵һҲǰ֮ˡ
ֲȻĹЧ
ǸӦǵֲҪĳɱٶܸܲϵȾٶ뷶Χ
˵꣬ȻЦЦ
ǿѡЩ׷棬Ҳѡȥƿǡ
ȨС
ѾҪζʼռֺƽȴҲӲηսĹҵѡ׷İȣҲٹ̲Է⡢ηǰ
ͷմǲġ
ͬǰһʯͷӣܹҪҳһõĵ·
װʲôûһȴ˱š
Լһôش飬ѾӰʮѰسѧ֣ͬʱһ
չڼ䣬һֱûзɹѾܳƵСбµĹСԬŸոմеĻٷԱ۶δҲеЩڴ档
˵Ժ˶Уӵд˵еĽӿռ䣿
ϵͳ˲С˵СԬüЦеȻգգۡ
ʱǲǴҶܿĹˣ
⻰ͻȻһԵĹ˳̫ңԶҲ̫ˣҲɡ
ЩûһԣҲԶӵвˡ
СԬЩɻˣǸ岻˵˶飬ֻͨ˵̫΢Сűû𣿡
Ϊʲôȫûء


77 
½пЩ, ˾ǴıȻټҲǴڵ
ϵͳɵǺǵؽӻȻҲû, Ķɲ٣
ôѧеԺϵͳǱ¼˲ѧйصϣѧС˵Ϳ򱾣
ôһЩЩ̫õġ
, Щر׳ΪС˵˹, մһҵʥ
ϵͳӻ˵ʲôȻ΢΢, Ҳ⣬Ȥ
˳ͻȻҲͷƳϵͳ, ֺܿ콫ɨ˹ȥǸոһֻ⣬ûнӻ
ˣȥɡ
һ뿪ѧ֣صԺ˳ҲпҪҪȥĽ顣
ԺסʱȻ̣ռԺĴ󲿷ʱ䡣
ǰǿǵ岻ãΪ˷ҽ
ûãױ¶Լ쳣, ҪЩҽԱҲסȥΪΪⶰԺǿҽŶӻжķ, 㹻˽˿ռ, ļ, 徻
, ѲٽӴµĿסһֱסȥ, ҲʮҪġ˽ԺҲ˵׼
˳Ҳܳ㡣
ϾԺǻżˡң̫֪סˣȻǲ©
һûͨԺĹԱϢҪ˽¼д䣬͵͵ġ
ȫĴƬͥԺ԰ֵķ˽ԸáСԬϵͳҲڷΣҪÿ˳ֶҪزأǡ
û̫ҪҲôЩסĺҲ̹ȻܣסĲҲԹԡ
˳˵һ㵹ɶ࿼˼֣ϵͳλεرʾͬʱ¼ҵİʱһ ˵ëʼ˼
СԬͲ˵ȻҲΪᵽһǵ¼ҵĽеĶͰ͵ġ
Ǿǵİɣȥ
ûôԥܿİ塣ԼͷƺǰץסЩͨṩĽԼʣ
Ӧÿһ׷ˡ
һʱ䣬ϵͳСԬһҪ¼
ϲϵͳֱڸ罻ƽ̨˲ͬļװ壬ڹƽ̨Ͽ˸ֺÿļҾߣСԬȻûʵ嵫Ҳһͳһһ䡣
˵Ǽͥλ˼ҳǵӳ̶ȣ
һͳһСۣͻȻ͵õһǴļҳݵεҡҡͷϵͳ˵Ҳûȥ
ϵͳͶųĸװ޷Ƽһ»򸾼װСԬȻ㶣뵽ʲôС˳
᲻ñΪǴк͹˸ˡͬˣ
֪˶ǲ֪ϵͳĴѽ
£˳Լոջ˷ܵռϵϵͳҲƬ̣˫۾ͬʱеͬСԬҲһûô
ȿڵճĬԵĹ˳˵Ŀ
Ӣ䵭ʮȻؽһ䣺ҡŵ˵ҲѾһʱ䣬͸νˡ
˳ĻլԵСԬϵͳˣʲôôһ㲻֪
ʲô
˴ǰƺ˴ҥԣǹ˳Լˣ
ĴԼ˵׷ȽǮ߼ĶȥˣҲôǮ˵ĲʲôˣС˽͡¹ˣȷиӿŵ硪
չصİ˽һʮ궼֪˳ô֮
ֻǣ˳˶ȫ۹뷨ˣЩǾҲСƼŶδ
ҵûô죬ڲȱҲȱǮܹҪһġСԬҵ˳˵ѵõĻ
㡭Զ˺ɣ
ûκε̵棬ôֱ˾ƺͷĻ
˳û죬ˡ˵ЩȣҲǾǰģ뷨Ůƺ֪ʲôʱˡ
ȻƶҡҡͷԶᡣ
̬ȼֱ׵ĳŵСԬ˿ûٶʣҪҲ仰ѡ
ֻҪûд˺е뷨ͺãϻʲôܶν
ǡڴһѡ¼ҵסַһȥˣ
׼뿪СԬȻͣסŲŤͷôһ伱ҴҵĻɿƮˣ
жϳЩŤĸǲ򵥵һ仰ڴΣ˳ƺмãȻ͸Լûзļ
ϵͳǺһҲ֪һϵͳΪʲôô硣;˺üϲãǴҲҪ氲ķ䡣
ɫСԬȥµľȥˡϵͳڸַװзѡ־֢޷԰ΣҲܵȥˡ
ֻʣ˹˳ͬҲ˵
ʲô
ϣ˳ͻȻ˿ѾߣΪչֳ
Ҳáõû壬ȻͨǰҲû˵ҡõǹò̫ãͻ᳹ױ
Լġ塱ͬࡣڵǿȸǰӲ壬ƺܿҪ顣
˳ô˵㲻þȣȻԤϡ
ûڣһ˵Լչ֮ǰͿʼоͲµ׼ҪŪһ塣
Ҳĳһ죬ҿһԡ
ﵱмֺ¡
ҹϰϰһһŮ˵ʲô׼֮ĻǡзԱҪŵùǺ˳Ҫǲ˽漰ʲôΥ
»±Ļ˾þ桢š
˳ͱ˳ĬЩ²͸ġ
ʧȥ˶˫ŵĿ𣬹˳оһ쿪뷨Ūһ/ܳ
ΪĿѧң뵽ȻŪѾãǳһȫµ壬õҪӽǿ͵塣
ܣ˿¡ˣҪڶʱŪһ߳˵壬ûڵĿƼˮƽ޷쵽ġ
ǴѾﵽ۷Ĺ˳Ҳ޷ƾһ֮ԽĿƼˮ׼ʵ͡
ϵͳǸ缸ʱĿƼҴдĿʱϢ
ֻ£黹δɹ
Ĳ𣿡
ϣŮǹ𵭵Ļȣ˫ص۾ڴߵĹ˳ǰδе
˳ϵȷûһԣûκεΪͲˣ
˳죬ģһҲֻ¶һ˿ź
ǰȻʱ̫ġ
ȷľҵġ


78 
ӵĴԡò, ͱ˵ǸĹ˳ʲôʱ֪ģ
룺ʼʱҵûָ͸
ȷݵ졪
, Ӵ죬˻壬ȴҲ˹˳ͬϵͳ֮Ĺȷʵ
ϸ˵, ǸʱҲȷʵǸá
ǰʮĹ˳һ, ҲһСַδֹĹ˼ͬˡڽܵ쳣󣬹˳־ѡԽ, Ӵ˾һֱ
ȴһ⣺ϵͳǸ𣿡
ϵͳڳ, Ҫ仰ŵص崻ôһֱߵྐྵȻޱȳݡˣ
˳ҲûзΪȷϵͳеǴˣ
ǣﲢû񡣡
ϵͳƺΪֻΪƹеԡ
Ǹ߿Ƽ磬ƼϢϢأҲչ˼ˮƽռ˾ճļȫʱ䣬֮뼼԰ķ, Ҳ˵ˡ
, ǵӾζ, , ܸ֪˷ܡá־塢˶ܹģ, ϵ岻Ҫе, ָֻ߶⻯ɡ
ΪǸҽˮƽߣֵҲ಻ĵزܵͣϵܱΪߵȼ
£һЩڣеƣľȻȻؿʼ˶̽ʧȥҲϧ
ٷɴΪ߿ƼˮƽҲеһֵ̽ա¼
˳硣
ԣԽǮȨû˵ԸĮ˵Щ˻˵һ㣬ȷʵˡ
Ź˳þûƿĿ⣬һʼ˵˳ǸرĴڡ
ҲΪ˳ϵ࣬޷׵ؿϵˣЩȥδԼӿ߹ɵ˴
˳һԣƺȴŪ⡣
˳޷ϣռϢо࣬ǲʲôĺģȻҲͬͨ罻ǾԲûʲô⡣
Ϊ̶ȼߣǸ粢ûٶŵ̡ӶԴҪоΪ㾫ϵĺ档
ԣ˳һϵео빫˾оҽоܹ۲ֱ˾ƽ̨ܹ׵ؽǶ
ΪʲôҪѹ˾ȡΪǧΪǵ类ΪǧĻе
˳ҲȷͬģһΪkǽһߴڡ
Ҳϵͳ֪øֵһֵĹôˡ
ΪÿͿƼչԶڴˣ徫Ƿر֮趨ϵͳռǿвϢ
ڣܹøֵһֵҲûеôء
Ǹ߳ҽƼע䡢˥ʣԴﵽĿġ
ûѣֻǴһڸ˱Ƽࡣ
˳ʮָɴؽϵͳԼȫ֪Ҳһؼ飺Ѿܲ׽ĴڣõǱǵķϸֹĵҵĿⰲš
ϵͳ˳ƶΪȻҲΪĴ洢ռŶռֵıر֪ʶֲĿռࡰ˼ˡ
ϵͳǹ˳ƵģʵЩ̵µСԼĲ
ϵͳҲҲߡ
Ϊʲô˳ԼѾԵɣйأʱ˵
˵ЩҲһƬõļž
˳ǿȫ΢΢ӿţļȷһڿֻŵΪ޷жһ˵ʲôʲô޷ӦԲĲ
ԭΪԶᱻֵ֣߱һֱ˵Ҳ˵ڡ
ռݣ걸жϻƣܹǼʾԼഫϢָӵԤУΨȴж
ΪʲôոմӦһңϺȻҿࡣ
˳൱ȴÿ75εٶ95ͬʱĶ俪ʼȣؿȴֿտĸоЩӦȫǰ趨õģȴûڹ˳ϳֹ
ֹ
֪ܻܿỵʱ
һ룬һΥɷ͵͵Ϊһʮ֡˽뷨
֪Լƺò̫Ծ˳ϸִԼ
ǰÿϣ˯ߴ֮Ҫÿʱ䣬Դչܼ飬㲻ԭԴֵһҲϾҪɹˡ
ڣǲǲȥˣ
˳ļĳǰδе0.0001Ŀ٣óһߵĽۣļƻûԼҪʱ㽫Լϳȥ
һ˲䣬ĺĳ˶
1Ͳ֣صǸԭ¡2ѧװҪʱѧϰԼϵͳһװ취ô3ȡľ壬սԼġ
ԣ׼оҵʲôʱأ
Ȼһ˿ΣգָܵΣѸɢȴʲôûзһݵس°
˫ڴϣһֳֻŵͷһֻʵطһߣ˫Ī۾ǰˣдűըʽϢù˳һĹȣȻ̫һشԼжϳһѴ𰸡
βŵо㲻ҵֻǡֻǡҵĸ尮ã
һʼȷʵΪ棬ǧ粢ûйҲûѧڣݺ治ûмԽԽݺҲǳΪԼĿƺԼġģ
֪Ϊʲô˵Щ޴Ļش𣬹˳ɫЩǺ죬̿ѹֵķӦȴǱһ̲׽ˡ
Բ𣡡
ͷֲ˳ѡһ˵ںܶʱûãҲܺõ򵥵֣Ȼǰգ
ֳһ˿עصϵͳͻȻǻڸѽ˳ΪʲôͻȻǸ
˵꣬ʮ֡СشۣòǱ͵͵ʲô°ɣ
СֵغеСԬ˳ոͻȻǸʵͷ˹˳궼ֵֹģҵҲԾòҲ˶Բҵɣ
һӱ˳俴Լʱ趨˻ԸѾģС̲ס˸ۣ޲ð·һγ
˵Сӣҿְ֣
ԣܲܲҪڴ̸ʱ廰
ֻ۵صóۣңû̺á
֪һһͳϵǵĻǸܵ˳һ˲ֳıﲻɸֳһ˿Ц⣬һ仰ϵͳ̽ҵʺϵķӺװ޷𣿡
ϵͳߴߴͣסգŴ۾Ͷ³˼㿴ϲĸ
˳ҲĶԷϾҪԼȥ
ұȽϲ񡪡
Ųлĸװģϵͳѡļʵķ䣬ѡһʮִͳĹɫĴŴͥԺģص㹻ƺҲܰͦϲá
˳㣬Ťͷʹ˳أ
˳۾һ䵭ͻȻĳֹȴĪԵЩɣҶϲ
ϵͳˣֹû˳ʵûɶ£Ǹɹˣ
ȻĻǲܴСȥˣ
ߣҲЩϰأ
ףطȻڽʡѡĺԶѽ
СԬⷿԼͥԺƬҲͦϲֻǿôңԶĵصЩ죬ⲻֻǰңҪǨѽ
ԣⷿôô˰
²ôڵķۣСԬҲӼ۸Щԣʵǹڵˡ
ʱϵͳַųһ׷ӵϢֵǮ˳ǮҲһֱϸ˼Ҵ׬Ǯء򷿲ֹһ
ǴһطѽǮ˶ǻü׵ģȥȼٵģպҿ˵ķӣȥ
סѽ
ƬϷ͸ĺȷҲȥһ
ȼʲôģҲأ
л˵
˳:ӡ
ϵͳְ֣
:ôùΪһ͵ɿͣ


79 
Աشﲩ, ˭Ҳ֪ϵͳôͻȻҵôһǧ๫Ľʡķӡ
Ⱥˡͳûʡɴο֮еȼУϵͳ˵һȥĵطһ
Ȼͨٶе, 羰ҲͦõģߵľɫƯѽ
ϵͳŴֳļ磬к׶Ϊıȫͬĵʷòߴߴغžɫ
, ҪҪļƬ
ܾ, Ťͷ⡣˵صԽֲʸߣŨ
չذʱصĻƺЩת, ĳЩԭٳֲֵԼҲ±ļ
ܣЩ仯緶ΧЩ΢С, ȴѾ㹻˲
ķ羰ȷ
ԽĿĵأƵɽ֡ĺԽ࣬͸϶ڵĿҲʪ
ȻһྐྵӵһͷȻϵͳ
ϵͳһѹӳԵĽζͨĹʮִţһһҲ·ᵽ˼еŨ
ϵͳǵ̽ĹӻҲ
СԬ˵Īڿݹ, ǿû, ˳һ, ӦҲܳζ
Ūǧʳ, ӦҲܡŵԵ
Ȼ, ϵͳʱ򻹻Ӳ, Դӹ˳ңǵĹϵͱáࡱ
˳¿ܲŪۺʳ
СԬŽɵӣȻкܺŵζ氡
ϵͳСԬ˵ʳΪģӦ˭˶ûҪָҲһ
һ·ҲΪЩʳϵͳѵð˲٣Ҳ˳һġ
žžž
͵شһŶܲ͹˳ͷͿһСк˹յǵλú档
ǻͷ˸
ڳʲô㰡һ㣡
˾ҵкֱҪڲϵ顣ƺѰζԴ˶Щʳ
ϵͳ̱죬Щͨ˸ʳȫ
͹˳⻰ҲûʲôӦԹԵŤͷȥû̫òСк
к˾ȻŲ˦ҪˣôôСңң
ȻҾҪˣСС
Скûоɤȼʮָ߿ҽֱħԣҳǿǳɽկһ㡣
һ˶ܲġƫƫ͹˳һ㣬۾ûжգһ¡
ֻֽŴߵ˳λʱ
׼ҵΡ
к⻰۾ȻһӶֶĻ֣ҵ߻˵ǴԼĿİ취
˳ûֱͣվһ׾ŵôСкǰ·һ㣬ֽ˲䰲Ҳʼһ˿η塣֪ǰ˺е£Ӧܺ׵ش
ոСѧ꼶ĶҲǵһο񣬺ͼˡʦھӡͬѧĶһĮһ˿1˾꣬ͻȻʹ˸
˳Ҫ֪ͨԱǳкصĸߣ١
Сʣܣôһˤô죡
ԣкĴɤŴλŮʿ
λ費ûܽкߣҵ˳Ŀɽڳıָ˳˴󺰡
СԶϷһң
裬裬ǳԵĶĺ㣬ҪҪ
жʵкҡֱۣˣصûֱɧ˸Ĺ˳ǺλҪȥϿ϶Ĵ㡣
㣬ѳԵĶóң
˵꣬Ҫȥץ
ཡڼһ̣ȴ͵طԼֺʹ
࿴ͷȻϵȥǰƯҲȻĿµĴŰɫӵҽ

춯صĽк˶һ׷̽Դǳʲô飬СҲе̫ˣ
ʵöû취Ҫʳ֣˵ԼҪ󣬾˺ѷεĿ޺»
һ߱סӵͬʱŭָŮʣոնҶʲô
춯ǰĳԱãʷʲô𣿡
ԱҴҸɤʵĿ޺ˣֵָؿңöö룡
־Ļкĸ״ֻСֶĿ¡
ӵ޾ĺġòľԼڶ̣ȴʮִȥ
˵Ů˲Щε֣ոʵҲˣ˼û롣
ԹԸ迴ǲǸոСˡ
Ҳɵӣʱó˵ģȻǶˣСƢҪ˴ŵЦˡ
ʵɴ˫Բ۾ŵؿ裬ȻԼطţ˦Сȴʮֱۼֱֺ߸ôشϣģˣǺö룡㿴
ȭ֣йеŭԼµӡ1
ɡСôҶҲףӡӶûУ
ʾˣԼֿ˺һ̧ͷ˿Ǹ۸Ĵ㣬ɵˡ
ˣȸȥ費Ҳʳǻȥԡ
ϰ˶װϷŮҪȥСкȴһת뿪ҾҪǸոճԵĶҾͲߣ
ԱǵýֻʣλãһĳᷴȽϿգǰĸӦǸոնģ΢ЦȰ˵ǻصԼλϡкǲֵʳͲȥˣ
֣û취˳ڣ˼С̫£ܲǾһ㣿
ʳҲôֵǮָܰˣҲɿ
˳ȻύϵͳʳͨʳҲͬˡϵͳѾҪȻᰵѵСƨˣ
λŮʿĻԱ׷ʲôһΪѣλ˿ͣǻȥɡﲻǵĳᣬʻ߶ҲΣյġ
֣һν˵ֲϾͻȥ
˵껹ŮߴǸϽԼȻСƢҲû취
˳⻰һû취ͱ˵ǼҶؤģ
⻰˵ֱףûһֱ֣ͶɫǺ죬û뵽ôװģֺӢ˻˵һ
֣ʲô̬ȰһСͲǺôС˵ô̱Ҳö˰
СߣС˵ʲô˶У
ڵһ죬קŶ׼ˣ
ۣһҪǳԵĶһҪ
ɶʲİԴͻûòĶû˸ոճԵʲôǴҪԵ׵˿ѾΪڳԵģǾб˿İҲҪģ
ΪӵġӪ㣬ߵ֣Ȼһʱ仹קӣɿޱһһŮҲʶ˲ǸƲ磬ȻһԵĳԱ
ҲˣҲȥû취㿴ô죿
ʵѾʼԺƤһûòҲȫûʲôĵĸӣֻǰְҵſס˱ĳԱû뵽ԷȻԼô죬ô죡
Ѳɰܺȥʳ˿ҪԵģ
֣ʶԷôģҪǻ˵Ǻϡ࣡
оͻȻֻӬֶĵĳԱûǣǵػش𣺡ھͺвͳĶʲôȻԿ򣿡
ҲкܶСϲʳṩģ
Ļشϻһ˿ȣԱֵ֣ˣҪڸϻֵĵ˵
кͳʳһֱɺĿͣ룺ҪҪʳ
ǳԵҲҪ
üһܺӻȫҪ
֣öûôˣʱӦ˳ŻֱӰѶˣôƫƫˣ
ҲƼ˱ÿͲͶĿ⣬ڳĳ˾ֻ߷ߵ˾䣺Щ񶾵۸ССⱨӦ
û˵ĻȻСкСĵǲŶԡ
ټôܿ졪Ĺܲˡ
ָ֣ȴŮڳܲԼСҪתĿͬ
ȴڼоŻԵ±ԹԱ£Ҿ˵еȴҪǣ˶ơ
ŮⷬĪĻ֣֪ôͻȻ°һȻ۾ֱǿһƬҡʺ졢ֲ˵һҲԾغβŷӦԼͨͨزЩҡ
Ųһ㲻šҪ㣡
ôСҪҪžͱײ˴򣡡
ԱС˵ĳ˾ֱӱСС;໰ϴżǳˡ͵СеĶ̬к˫סҴߵֽţĸĸλ
ڣ֣ȻҲûȥ쳣Լ򢣬ð˵λţجج뿪һĳᡣ
ֻСĽͶʳִƮڳС
ԭ͵͵ȥܺʹӵϵͳĻҪС֮ʲôе㲻ʻ߲̫ʣûסǵȻʲôͷֻ˵һĴ뻹Ҫºܶ顣
ôȵ
Щ˵˵ȷԸı䣬е˵ȴôҪ⡢Զصͬյ㡣ܱı˲ǼҲͲˡ
λÿͣгվڽվ³ÿǰ׼
û̫ãǴеĿĵؾҪˣվӵķнͻֱǰڵĵطʮַ㡣
Ҷǵķ۴ңضõı۸ԴﵽϣȥķһƽһĶ˽԰ֻ֣Ҫһǧǲǳʵݣ
Ŵÿվϵͳܿ˸ոշ飬ǰԼеˡ
ΪһûرļأֱûǿͼнųͼƬһģһƭգ
ļ۸˻ǿ˵СԬ˳û˵ȥ˵ʲôⷴҲ¡
˵б˼أ
нȻְؿ˳ڳվڵš͡ƼѸٷŹ⣬˽ӵԺҪȴȥԸ
ϵͳŷĵн飬жˣۣǸѽһҲܺã
нַͬʱӣСǧⷿӣϽ
ֻҪˬһٷʲô
Ȼ˶ҪԷܾ˶ԷҪ飬ֱȥһеȿ귿˵
һͷͬڽվ³֣һֱĶţֵͷҪըˣﻹǵøոǸŮ˵ĻֻܷܲŹԼһ徻
ȻȥҳԺóԵģʲô衢ɸ򣡡
ﻹȴίˣǿּܼۻۡ
ǳ극һҪըȣ
ֻһ֣һڴӦõģСڣֻҪٴҳңһȥԼȣ
Ǳһת磬Ц˵á֮Ļ֣ҲãֻûбӸõСˣ
ڻʹʲôǶӽлı֣ЩСǿ˲֪ٱأ
Լĸ
֣Ŷ˵˴һСʱŵɷĽҡ˼ҲѾ˷ںˮӭˡ֣ӵĵһ仰ǿѣǣѽһĲû˺üСʱĳһֱڵϼڵˡ
ӴΪڻûؼѽ
֪ϱǸʡ͵ĵƣΪûȥվˣԹءƼ͵ܵСʱһģӿֶ̳ӣǸʵڶԲסΪʱųȥˣֲῪֻôˡ
Сùùÿǲֳ˺ö࣬
ۿֶǳ֮飬˵Լ׼Ĳˣţ⡢Ϻ㳦ùĶԵİɣ
ʴСǸģθڴáù˵ЩҲܲԼңЬҲѾͳȥԼϲĲ۵ؽֱ־ȥƬ㳦ˣҪԷҪԷ
泳¾֪Լܵ˵ĳģŮӷ߳һѱϲĲˣвȴҲ˵ʲôץʱԼñ䵽
Щ֪꣬Ū˶Ʒľ߻ż
ˣ
ϲŮǷһڷͻط仹ţ˵ʲôдҵ뱻ţ֣з˰ۣСϲ̨棡˭ϡƵģ
Щ̫ΣѾԱķû˺棬ʽ쵹ǾɳϿӣΪɡ
û̫ãоûôˣ̿ʼ֣˵Ҫȥըȡ
ӣûмѽ
ԭö۸ը˭֪ûмˣҶҲԸԼըģһҪС̯ϵģû취ֻ֣ܴȥСԽȥը
˵лϲǱߺȾƣ̫ȫҪȻȥ˰ɡ
ĸӶҪȥüͷһ䡣
֣ԥһӣȴۼҵķӾǲãΧôԼͶôù
һҪտ
ֿʼУʼˣҪտ


80 
, ۺɷƴʡԼʮ꣬òڽʡѾǾȫʲôضΡ
ʱ, ⸽һǴƬɽأڼδ״̬
Щʡľ÷չʩʼƣš, ͨ˶ۼſ, ๫˾ð˳̳ѧУҽԺ࣬ǼҵҲá
ⲻ, ҺһСԽ֣̯λΪζ۸񶼺ܲ, С̯£øˣ
ǰʱ䣬˵ǽϷ˺üȶܵ飬˸ľ˲İˣӵûǰȫˡⶣŮѧʵؼңȥϹתƣȻҲҪֶӺ͵á
ȥȥͻԼæɡ
֣Ѿűߣ֪ڶί, ٲԸʱû˵׻Эˡ˵, ֣ĸסڶۼҲһ, ܱߵĻͦϤ, ûаѶ۵Ļôϡ
ô߰˷ӵ·, ܳʲô飡
ҪըȣҪԿ⴮
ڿĶһ̶ͣĺ·ûйɵص, ײ˺ü·ˡЩ˱һǸСû˵ʲôֱѡ˱áҲСڵһСԽ֡
㣬ˤˣ
˵˳ը϶ôණˣٶԲˡ
֣㣬ȴϲôȥˣЩŵĺôĴˣ㿪ĵĲˣ
УҪ⴮⴮
һ۸һûأըȲҾͲȥˣ
ںһ·Сܷʲۣûãתͷ˳Цı顣ʲô̬ȣԶܣȫԸ
һܵһըƳǰǸͺҪһըȣը
ϣһըȣ
̯۱˦ںŮˣµСк裬ܿһƺõļȷŽըкҪҪĶ
ż⿴ը̯ϰ˺üŵĴŹ⣡
һȾ͹ˣճԹأ
⻰֣Ͻ̯ʾĲҪͬʱþҲõɨˣûĹƭӳЩʵʳƷ
Ȼȥ⴮
ʳûҪտӲ˵ֻ֣ܴӦ˵һֻܸ
к֪Լûô̫ҲԲ£ֻܷŰۡǿӦֹС
ʱѾǷ㣬ҹԵЩ磬ϻΪ֣ȷʵϰ˺ܶࡣŸָջԼըȣò׵ȵը˻ȥӣһҪȥ⴮̯λ
֣ȥɻûǮˣϽߴǮֻͳǮ򵥡
ǮȻǰ泳µģ񻹲Ŷӵ
һתͷȻǰվ˼ɷˣͷǸ֣߳˲Ͻ׷ȥ
뼸ֵܻû׼ȥеտСˣŪơƣû뵽Ȼһײײ˲˵СļȻ·˸ܽӴ˲
Ҫ۾СûϵԷȻһ
ۡҼȣҼȣ
ҵļûˣ
ʿѾ˵ϵըȣ·Լ硣ԭ鲻̫ã˿û˵ļȸǻŭ
ιС֪·ҪǮ˭ȣ
˵꣬Լ·һգûҲŪġ촩һɫӡTʹûƻ͵һԡҲûһǰȻҪִСк
۾Ϲ˰ɣŸʲô
ӴȻҴңӲС
ʱصƵڵϺޣ֣ԭ⼸˸ԲҪܿģѪҺ¾ӿϿͷӵʱͷһͨûôСĺӶµ֣ͻ۸Сǰɣ
һô찡
Ѿ𣬼Ů˲Ǯﷴ̧ȾȥһţոձĶ߻ص˵ϣ
˵һžԲᣬͬСҪ׳˶ɣҲסôһߣٶˤ˵ϣ
£Ǵǰļٿ޶žžવ´ŴŵҲʵе˺ѷΣţ֪һɺݾȻӵҪȥҧȻԼ˵ȣ
ûзкǸСⵯһ˦ֱ۾Ҫ˹ˣߵֵܰһţ
£ֱӱ߷˺üԶݺݵڵϣҲǴĴ̹һʹ۵ûƽʱĴɤţֻϸϸؿź裬ڸеһ˿־塣
ЩˡЩĺÿ£
֣ܿŶӿͰ͵غֱۡҲƤ۾ɺ죬Ҫ
Ⱥǧå컯֮Ҫɱ»ûˣ
Ҷӳһ£һ
Զ˺ͼе̯ҲΧæСû¡˳ûСȰȴȥҽԺƤĵطһ£ϲ֪࣬Ҳ˵ЩƵĻˣ
ϻ˵Ҵ·ƣǧһӸŪˣǮ
ߵһֵܿǻȴոСǸ֣Ǯ
֣֪Լ򲻹⼸ˣȻҪȥ˺ǾȻʨӴ󿪿ڵթҲŤݶҧؿ֨֨죬캰ؽ˴Сˣå@
㻹ȴȥɡ
˺ϡ֣࣬ίָҲҶڻҪҪǮǶϹۣĸðȻ˵ߣ
˼˵ӲĸӣߣҪǮĸ뿪ûٽѵһġ
أء
һ󾯵üͷһ壬ƵػһȦΧ֪ǲ˱˾ôô졣
ٿЩĻ죬֣ĸͻȻҵ̣ͻĵˡ
ûֵǮҶ˵ǮûҪأ뱻ץȥΣ͸ϽǮ
ҲߺغУɱСɱС
ֱ׳ŵɤؼ컹ҪǰѵĸӣΧ۵ԽԽˣڶָָ㣬˵ű֮ĻԶҲƺо³ʼѲߣֻܺݺݵһۣĵ뿪
֣ȥˣˡ
Ӽ顢ҽҽƷѣǳ
ֻѾжʱû˴ͥԺ֮Ун٩٩̸ǧŵ㣡
ַɫشŮɫؿ֮λŮԣصۣ
˵ôͥԺȫֵر˰һ룬Ժÿ춼סûӡŵĵطǶôڡĵʱ˼ǳȥƱ԰ֻ֣ҪԼҵԺӾˣ
˵ϰ죬˵ؿڸﶼ¶һĶı飬Ҳ֪ǲûС
Ѿô˵˵ҲûʲôúͱҪˡ
ͬ˵ʵǷݵͷǾԲܹҳļ۸ġⷿӿ˲٣ֻǴΪʱûϵңҲȽˡ
һ˱Ҫȫǩ˺̴ͬطһʱ䣬ӡͥԺķòСӶˡ԰ʦҲҪһʿ֧
ϵͳСԬżַ˵ⷿӵֺôѾĽҸԻˣͲֱ˵
ôнͻȻ˵˷ӵȱ
Щ˶ǹǣǶ⣡
ϵͳ֮ǰ˵ĶŬ׬ǮǼٻ˳䲻ٸԭǼҹ˾µĴ󲿷ֲƲҲˣܼ׬䣬·˼ƪ˳רȫ򼸼ҹ˾ͷѪ˲͹˻ȥ
ϵͳҲġܡ£Ϊרҽ˺Щӣ׬
СԬչܿ죬Źٷ齨ѧСִֶ˼ҲǷݵĹʡ
ټϹٷǰŵĽ𣬼óһǧ¡
˴ķú鷳Ѿװ˸֡ҡȫϵͳһֻͳͿҵȫ
ַԼ˵⣬ûʲôӦĸпôôز¶ܸݿ΢鴧Ҳû͸
ֻ˵أ
򵥵ع˷ӺͥԺַǳ˴ſڣ׼̽ûͼ˻ڣֱӴҪĶ
˵ΪԭⷿĿǰû˶£ȴֻ˵еԭؼԭû˵
н죬ԭ׼õĺǵĹһ㲻̫飬һЩŵǮ˽Ļû˵
֪ôأַвиڶ˵ҪٶˣҪ
ⷿеŹ֣Բ̫ҲȷǼŻή׵ļ۸񡣡
ʵϣⶰӲǼַһ ˣ˵ڶΡ
˳ƳڳЩˡжŹ֣
ַһ·Ҳ㿴ˣ˶ʲôƭɵҪǹûϷҲᱻ֪ҲֻʵʵеĹȫг
׷ݵǰ˵һٻ˼ҴǨˣլӺͥԺս⻧˼ҵĺ˼ӣլӺͥԺ֮أȺ󱻾ɽռ
µıǨԭլ𽥱ƾɲĳͻȻ̮׳Ϊ˾סķ档
ʮǰһλءԭַϽ˱ԭѾߵͥԺŪʷϵ԰ֱͷ߼ۡ
ûȿ̾ΪǷչڴԼթƭߵȶٷץˣطΪʲԺᡣ
ַ˵ﻹʮ̳µʮ䲻Ҫ̫࣬ʱҲûһ뵽ⷿӾȻ˹죬в˵ŷļ©أ
˴ɣⷿӱˣָҵϲýڶҸմż˰ȥûá˫˫ûˡ
ϵͳ͵͵ڱϿ˹ӣ۾ŵϴ󣺡ⷿе㲻һ㰡
ַ˵ﲻ̾˿еϧֻ飬ⷿҲڵ͵һǧļ۸񡣡
û⻹û꣡
Ѿд˵ⷿӷˮ̫УвЩ˽ֵģҪ֪һԴͥԺıм۸ߴǧ
֪ҷʲôܿתˡ˸ʦȥҪ׽ⷿӵ⣬
˶٣ʦԺ·ˣⷿҲһֱˡ
ȥ꣬и˽̳˵ңȥԺجҲϽҪת֡
ʱⷿӾǼַҵģ֮󱻶ԷűҪҵңҪÿ
꣬һֱĴѰֱˡ
ǷģҲǵҪ˦ˣҲĴҰ취ǰʱ䣬һֵ˵׶˸رţĴʦرǸ֪û˵
ַ֪ʻˣǴ䣬ûǰ仰󣬿ˡ
ȷʵ룬ѿ뵽ĵӣ
δչʲôӵüŶĵ˭
ַ֪ƯòͨˣеŮΪʲôȻ㿴Լ䷢̵ͬʱæش𣺡˵ǵõ洫йٷһרŴĻ˵ģ
ѾȥǱύˣǿûô졣
ϾȫϡŹֵȥˣǱߵûô㣬ֻһȥ飬ҶŶӣ
ͦϲⷿӵľͱɾҵϵʽЩרҵԺϵǣ
ַܾõҵĴʦҪôǸٴʦҪôֻҪԼҵбµʦܹܽģ
ǲ֪ʲôʱϣ
ˡ
ַЦһؾ׼뿪ķתͷո˵ʲô
赭д˵ŷˣŵǸҲٵˡ
ַûԼһΰԶġլȥˣ
ԼȥŶˣѲҲʶЩרҵʿܲӣ
ͬһʱ䣬ҽԺҩˮ˺ü令ʿŪԼĶʺ͸ҽԱëëţһ㲻֣ˡһ飬ûд󰭣ֻǸѪ˿źǿֲҪȥһʱ䡣
һԼոûӵĻܿСԽֵ֣˿̺޲Ǽȥ
ԹûסǣҲûһŵĴһҡ
֪Ͳùüˣǵ˰˱ù
ҲˣԹĵǹùöԼ裺㣡ȫĴҪҹȥȣ
Щңںô
Ǹﲻ㣡
ģƵǰǵĻ֣ʲô⣬ȷԸЩߵԼ
кôһ·֣ҲûġжϣֻСˣҲˡ
ȿ쵽ۼ¥µʱ򣬲֪ĶڳһֻС˹ҡβƺҪЩԵġûãССһֻûôÿĹ̻ͦˣһ˿⡣
ǹ˼С˸߲ҵʱ򣬺ݺȥǣԼĶӣ۵ֺߺ˼䣡
໡
Сߵرȶ֮ǰҪԶڵϵ˼¶ŲˣųŸոջʹĶֽкãϵʹ·Ҳתˣ
һȺôֵܼ·ȥԶһ̵ĲҽУԴȥԶԶͿһһСϤӰ
û˵ǻ񣬳ĸӶ˾˹ȥ


81 
ĸڳ, ҪҪҸƫƧĵطĸˡ
˿̣屻ȫ۵ֱ֣òҲ̶ĸݣ׵ÿԭò, ȫҲûмõġ
Ҫ˵ʱֱˣûذǻسϡ
źżΪʹطĺ;÷꣬鷳
ֵô˵Ÿ̵İֳһֻԴ֪Ķ, ﲻȥ£
˫һͺ׺ƳƳ, ڵز֪ǳǳû˼ҿʼ˵ҪǺÿʺǰҪ׺䣬ô򵥾ͷˣ
ֻﲻɲ, ֵõšķݡ
ǰǵĽ̸֣ͷ˵жڡٴײȺˡϽ¥ȭ߱㿪ʼ, ʡȥĽ֡ѡǸʱ㣬ҲͣΪʲôôù
ǵ˼ԼͶǷֱ˻һࡣ
뿴ӣȴΪֽűãͷҲ˲֪˭ĳӲ˵һֱŻ
ƽʱĶԱȴûʲô춯ֻ֣֣̿ȫ麹ֻܲϰοԼ϶϶ʲôµ, ûԼѾ棡
ôСĺܿס˵Ź, ŶʾѾʲôҲˡ
ϴ, Ķȥѽ
Ǽʻڿ·, ͷİ, Ҳʳ֣ʵ, Ⱥ˾ĸӴĶȥҪôԴǣ
˵һȴû˵ȥʲôص˼
ֻĻϵĹӳηѵĸӵʱ뵽һŮ˳ˣԼԹԱͣǸɴ˵
ˣ³ɣ
һȦܣûʲô˱Ŀĵصˡ
ϴô˰ѲɰͶ
ﲢʲôƫƧ壬һƬĵĸͬǶŶıݣܱߵ̬ãҲûʲôҵȾͳϲ徻Ǯ˵⡣
ԭ٣ϳ˶ġլҹǼˡϴֲڸǣ˰µĺõط
ʲôôɱ˰
ЦЦѹɤֱӰˣǮֵǷһ֣ҲͶˡ
ɱˣһҪûҪȻиѣʲôⶼɴཫˡá
ˣ
ֵ𸴶ЩԾֶܿЦ˷ܣ԰
ɽԣ˵ٱȻ˻ֵǮ֪ովͲôصˣҲ֪Ŵû
ûĹһµ̬ȳĵȻ°Ȼ̸˲ֶ֪ܵǮҪõﻨĻ⣬֮жûһľη
ԸСȥһºǶĸӣͶµϲʵֽŶǿɼʶĸӵĴɤź͡սϸЩ﷭
Լڳ̹߳۲ĻƼԶǴ˵еġլֺݺݵ˼ڡ
Ҫ˵ʲôµģµûǮ
ȻˣͲʲôΪЩǮԼԼҪǵԼôˡ
ϴСӺ״̫á
ſڣüͷߵĵطƼкɫҰ׾ȻѾûʶϽĲӱҪǲ̫ˡ
ѲɡǸոձǴˣ
£ҲЩѰ죬͵̧ͷոһ˲䣬ʲô˿ǣ
ֱȥŷǴ˵еլȻ˵ƹ⣡
桭ǹ
˲լˣѴȥ绰ʲôʱ򵽣ȴԷ˵еҪһᣬֻýǰ˴ˣС̫˵ͶԷ˵˳
ղô˵˵˶ǴˣҲһˡ
绰ͷõ˵û֣˭֪СôöԷԼϣæ˴ˣǮ
ոչ˵绰Ťͷ¿СɽϵıиŮվڴǰҲ֪ǲڿ
Ļ
ص˿̵ͷѾûٳСкԼȻ˶ڷŮˣ˺ĵ￴ţ˵ֱӽǻ
ᣬȥǱ
ոֻͷȥˣиŮվת뿪ܿܿǡ
վڱһ¥شǰȥܿĵط˽ͥԺ쿴ãҹͱζ
ƺв¶ͷֻ͸һ㰵ɫĹΡľӰӰ´£ɽצľޣ׵ҹֻкķ죬Ů˰ԹĿ
ⷿӾǵˣ
ϵͳڱ²ϵȥЩӵ龹Ȼеô˳
أֱù˳Ū˸Ƶ߾ôǩ˷Э飬ǮҲ˹ȥһ磬ַȥĸǰԿڼַɴཻ
ۿɫԽԽҲ֪Ķ磬ؼַĵ׷ë뵽լִ˵ǻĽ鱻ܾһ
Ѿⷿӵġ족Ƕ˵ˣȰҲû취
ϵͳӹӵĵеĵƶȻģʽ¥ʼɨ
ڴǰתʵûдֻǱķӣĪһ˿ǰ˳˲ٵĸо
ҪҪֱǷһ¼ҵ飡
СԬҲ뽫ϲôݳȥȥֻˣûش𣬷ĵƹûԤ׵һһ˸ƺҲԽԽŨŨֳһס
ֲĻ棬ǼСԬȷʵԿֱ˳ͷĵԼֻϰװƷϵͳ¥ͷɨأ
֨ѽһǷֱѹûע⵽ЩϸڣԭѾϵžȻԼˣеĵҲһ̳Ϩ
ոɽǽͥԺ˾ͿԭƻͨıͻȻ·ڿһķԽԽ󣬴ҳҲֱ
磬ҪȻǻǻȥɣⷿҿе㷢š
С˵ţټⰴû˾סլ·˲ǹҲܿǸոʲôɣ
ʲô˳˾ⷿûסȥռȵˣ
ȥȷһܹ鰲ģ˵׬һʣ
׬һʲָ֪͵ֵǮ⣬ָĸոճڱ⿴Ӱ;ŮˣһҪȥһ̽
ֱİģͷôС
ֲֻĶǴ̫һֵ״ļȥڴƤһ˲䣬Ĵһ飬ֱɤۣͬʱѪͣѪҺֱԣ
Ҫסȴûܿסǿҵĺתͷȥ
һŲҰ׵ȱ˰ŮڰתͷһЦһЦͽ촽ѿ
й
˾ֵļҹﾪ˲ٵСƫƫ˶ϹӡһȫڵķӺûзһ죬ֱϵͳ¥ϴȻϨ˵ҲܿϵǺһ°
仰ĻһѾԵ÷ȥ͵İŮԹĿʲôӴſƮˡ
ǸƮվǸŮǰش˸ָ˲ָ
Ůŷ֡ԼΧˣȺôһ
ָ׾ҪץסŮĲӣҲѪһǼµ
Ȼһɴδǿžһĵ˵ϣ޷ϵͳͶԼոպͷǩµĺԼŮ˵˵ɣҼʲô
ѧ͸߿ƼһŮˣĲһ
죬øӿֲ۾˳ֱҲ˲쳤ףҵķӣ
ǣŮһαոǹѹĽųſ˵ϣҲѹˣ
ԽԽŮɫ䣡ŷֿǰͨˡľȻԴͻȻ֮ͷųǱġдʦֶǿ׾ͿԽ飡
ŮĻҲѸٱˣˣ
˵ûȵ˵ˣϱֶӳٳٲȥˣ˵ںֺһȺ췢ͻڼҸѪĶ̱
֣ĸ˱ʱʵйĿ֤ˣ˲֨ǰֱȺ˴ĸӶ˴ӺС뿪˺һĿ߲ԥԥر˾
ȡأʶĸӺܿΣգɳȫǷΧˣ
Ⱥڵʱҵ˱ں仹ûбת֡ĸӣҽԺΡ
ǰˡķֳҲȫס˵ȥİᱻʱѾԣһ
ԣûпİ˽𣿡
ڿȲˣǽѯʡ
˳ҡҡͷû˵ļСڰȫǣǶû鿴
¼һϢľСܾﲻ̫Ծȴ˵ϣǰˣҪЩұʶȷûϢ©𣿡
ȷʲʲôǽո򷿵ˣļûûһˣʰö˳
߳ȥԶŷӦԾĵطĶ
ⶰլĴǾֶģͻȻ򷿣ɽҲȼϴⷿﱾͺ֣Ҫ˵ҽУܾĺȲȾˣ
ƺ𰸼ûʲôֱӹ
Ҳֻʱؾе֤ݺûµˡ
ž뿪СԬػԼոû¶ڣ鼫ȸԾһͨǰαװˣܳɹ
ɪɪŮڷԭиǿĹСԬĹ۳ݵؿոҪŵŮٲˣۣ˵ԼⷿġṦΰ
ҽɣԭլûʲôϵڸ˽ҪסŪЩ
Ҳˣûʲô캦顣
ԳɵŮ˳ؽͣڣСԬѾĻԣ㺦ˣ˵Լû캦飿
ɵ۾ɺһ˲ҪԹŨصӲŪѣֻøɰͰ͵ؽͣŪ˶Ӧõˣô캦أ
ǲ֪ⷿӵĴ붼
һԭǷһѵУؾץˣûʲôϵһԿ¹ڳĶޣʵĺˣֶο˵ǮǷ˵Ĺʣթƭһ׼Ӻ˲ˣ
֮ҲֽŲ̫ɾ˽Ҳйˣ˺üξˡ
ɱʾԼһûëѾ˹ӵΪβе
׼Ů̧֣ԼһʱȴȫûһͨȻҪѣҲͲˡ
Ůı˲ˣ֪Լ˶еӲ磬֪򲻹ܣܵóġ
ҽԺѵˡкӲѾȫûԭΪѡ
ȫദۡˣͬܵһ˵֣ȴԸҽǵľΣŶӵ֣Ъ˹Ǳ˵ɥ֮ʹ׻ʹԶԶϵʹֻҪԼĶӻ
µ˻޺˺ܾãֱ֣ҽԱǿƴͣ
ѵһ̣ȻڶǸŮ˵ԼҪ̺ܽСʣ򡭡͹ܲˡ


82 
, ʡһĸӱʿŹк磡
֪ʿλĸױȳʱˣĿǰҽԺܾΡôһ֮̽ò˺, ԶʧȥԼС䱳ԭȻΪСкСײʿ
ʹŭ8ͯײİ˾ȺŹһűʵţҲ㹻еĻ棡
ײʱСԽһý崴¼Ƶû㵽ײĻ, ¼˷ͻȺۼ۵ĳ
űһƵĵ, صҲըʽشӿǶӵ¼ʹͬʱеƵߣ
ЩҲԵ޹˺ֱͬ࣬磡
巢, Լô죬ҵСǲҲҪ˭ǣǵ𣿡
˷ָСȻİ˻жʹ
ʲôʿ, һȺĿ޷ɵġǸ飬϶ǳΪʲôǰûбϳͣΪʲôɱˣɱˣ
ĸ̫⿴Ҷܲˡ
ǵһα۸ʱΪʲôû˳ֹڶα򡢱ûһ˿Ҳţ
ֲڻĽҰ⣡һСԽ֣ڶݼ¥£϶˿ˣЩԹ۵˶֣Ǻһҹﻹ˯𣡡
Ⱥ鼤ߣŭǣҲǹ˳Ĭ˵͡Ǵ˵еġɽϱ˱˳, ܵϳͣ
ΪʱĲͰ۵ĺͯ, ܱܿĮӣЩؼ۲˹е, ಻ƽߡҪ̵ۣ
Щ, а¼
۵ĹעǵĺܵõʵɵĻӦ, ͶƵĵжϱʵ, ĽڴģҲױȵġ
Ҳ˻ᱻɿԵ˳Юڶ༫ˡƫۣγɾ޴˳
磬ĲĿǰ֪ĸﷸеʱ̯λϰ塢·Ĺ˿ͣĸǰ̽׵ǻ˼Ҷ˳ҵǵֻ롢罻˺ţָѪ飬ɱкİף
ǾȻ⣬ЩӲҲȥ֣һͽ䣡
Сİְ֣϶ҪǸˣϵԼȥСˣҲɳˣ
ڳôûһֵģTMҷϣԼǵļ˽ҲԴҲԹۺðɣ
۱ȴ٣˽¾ۼһġ
ԼСԽֻ֣ӰЩ̯Сˣû
ۼҵĵַҲ͸¶ȥ˲ͣǼҵŲ֪ҪЩʲôŵԭһֱҵļСڱɪɪ
ҽԺ֣˵õ˾ΣڲϻʿǵҪոһ󳳴֣ȴǱȥƵĺΪңûֵ
һŲ˵ҪԼȥһӡ
ʿԥһƽȴִŵؾҪӴӱȸոշʱҪ£ȥոձ̫ƽĶӶʡ
ڶϣϵͳȻغ±Ϣ²
Ͷǰһý巢ĲɷƵһ磬߲ɷõĵ֣Ůʿһʱ˽¼ȥ˵
ʼʡͯ¼һֱѵһλã˾Ȼô¶ӦȻҲõ˴עƵ·ĵԾ˵ٶȲ
ͷӼתƵϣǿһȫ±۾ӡͶࡢֲͣŮˣλĵҲʼǳµľ
ڸǮСһȥǰһ̯λСײˡ޺ʱѾߵ˵סӺʹҳȥҪЩȴһ㲻ҶӺüš
֣۾ͨ졢Ѫ˿֪Ϊ˻ΪڱˣĺҲȫɳƣصԡֻǰǶʹ
⻰ܿѯʣʱڴ֮ͥߵ𣿡
Ůһ˿Ũҵĺ⣺ǵģкܶˣȴûһ˳ǣ
ǵڶαʱҿԶԶ·ȴϽ෴ķ뿪ˣǸʱǣСʾͲ
̯Χ۹˿ͣȥСԽµЩûȭͷգ໰ԾĻЩ˾͸⵽Ӧ
ϣڵĮỷԼ¼ʱԹߵҲϣʮּҡ
ɷУ֣ؿڲʹʹģǱһĥ˵¼ҲȲ˵˽ܲɷõĿģҶӲܾôװûˣҰңЩ˱뱻д̡д̣
·ɲĸɱԼӵȥŻӦý۱ŹٷЩ̣
̶̼ӵĲɷã˭ó֣ǻԹõǸѵ֧֣˭¶Ҫ裬ҪѪծѪҲȻ
͵Ϊɷüһ΢Щֵ⡣
˸ղЩݣʲô˵һ׮Ұﻹ˭ҲӦһ𣿡
ԴָԵĻƵǰĲŴҵ߶üͷݹе⡣
Ȼ֣΢΢ı仯ǺޡԹֺǸӣն˼Ŀߣһˡ
ɣȻѾ㵽ҵĶӻ£ΪʲôǣΪʲô
ĺúݺöһİ
һڹۿɷƵϵִ֣˵˳ͻΪβƾʲôܵô˵׷ͳݣҲӦȥ
#ͯ#
#ȵͯ#
#ĮԹ߾㲻ף#
ֿȵѧ˰˹ϵСݡһѪԹ߽ɫʵû뵽
ˣڵĽ㶼ʩϣǹעû˵ҲǱĮԹߣȶǽ
˵Ǹ˭֪ǲϴ˰
Ҫȹٷͨ棬ҲǣҪһ֮ʺ
ĸ׵ķìܰô֪㵽ˣ϶˰ɣȴ˵ңǰˡζˣ˵ʲôתأ
кʲôתԲз۱QˣݸΪ񰡣
˺þã֮ǰΪķ˿̫Ӵ˵ڳ˵һ˵ôΪʲôôòֱһΣ԰ˡôҪ΢ԣʲô
е㱾£ѹûɵľ£װŪ㼢Ӫķ֪ˣ˼ֻҪĵλʹͨǻθɣ
ԭǷ˼ϵĻ˿ͬʱûٹڷۡһδα˿ˬÿ¼Ҫһš
˺ӣνͯ¼Ծ鷳Ҫȴûе˵Թ
ʲôΪʲôǣ
㲻Ǻһ仰ȱ˵ıˣΪʲô㲻ȥ
ôҪΪʲôװ
йȶѹͯͬϷԼĹ۵㣬һš
Ⲩ¼ķԶŰ˵·磬ȴԽңĿڱʷ͵㣡
ϣǵ˵ôӵһĮģôܶԱ˵ˡ˵֮أ
ƷԱɣͻȻ̨ġ۵㡱ǲ̾;ôòˣȻûˣǰ;̫ˡ
ϵͳСԬɷԼۣطζҪըˣѾѹҪúùܽԼСھȻܺӵﵽͷϣЩ˵ˣڵ°㣡
ܿ˵ˣҪԱ˵˸ΪǵΪף
һ˾ͱȸˣҪˣǹװģ
ôǵߵڰף̫ˣ
ϵͳСԬͬĻƼѾ˵ҪҪ˵ЩʲôĹ˳˵ͷãҾͻӦһ¡
룬ù˳һ΢
ˣûôˣ
עѾϰ˲۷ʲô΢ˢ¶̬ʱΪʲô߷ºţϸһŷţߣӦˣ
ȻֱӳԼĸӲкˣȴûбֳκεźգڶûң˵ⲻ֪˵ĮǼĻ˵۾
˲ɷƵİŹٺֵòת΢ۣСһʻ۵ȥĲеһ˿𣿡
ҲܿظᣬΪǻ

ǰڰ˵˶һ˿ã𸴵Ǹ
߶ҿܵؿŵĻͲٶһЩԽأӰԽԽߣźҲһս
ŴֵĿ϶Ѳֻ֣˵ʱͿӻδǹεģ
֣ҧгݵĻֻͷ𣺡ˣһҪŪѣ
֮ǰ߾ѾֻдھҾо˼Ȳ׷Σȱһɡԣ÷ƲЩסֻܵǴ
õ˵ȨǷĳŵŸǴ󵨣ʣر̬ܺԱĮԹ
ţôǰôˣΪʲôξȲкǾȲ˻ǲȣ
㣬ôأ
ҿٽͣǷǣһȻͬ¡쵼󣬽ش𸴣ûǶἰʱλĸ׺СǽܿΣա
üʾ˳ظĲǣǱأעҪôѡ񣿡
ġ硱ش˴Լĵ̬ơûܿ˵δô˵ô˵Ȼӹõ壬֮
ţµĿǣǻվڵ¸ߵġ
쵼İѸ˼һһѡ̱þĸ˵ķǰƣҸֳֹԣ㻹Ƿ𣿡
ʱ˶㶼˼ΡⲻҵĵҲģΪҪ
Ҳ񣬴δǵĹҵĵȷƽȣʡ
ǷҪ˵ˣضҪҲǡòҲأ
֣͵һﻹ˼ʲôźȶȣ֮ǰʡ
ǵѣҪҪ


83 
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ͻȻĺ󱳣ĶҲûλϱܿӦ쵼Լû£ͷðĺͻȻ׵촽˵еĶҡ, ˵¡
ǿɶڵأҪȦףץظ
쵼ڹæĻתͷȥ·ڼ, һƬ, ҲõĴ𸴡
Сæһ롣
״̬ԣ쵼ܿ캰һǰı, ŷӦԼٺ˼뱻˷ȥ, ջóλá
ˣҲˡϢ죬ûµĻҲȥ壬һ
ӿظǶֺͿʼؿҲƵĶҸߵ칫ſڣ쵼ĻŲһ˲
涡ҹͬû̵Ҳһ̱ЩȻ
ܴҶΪ˳ڻˣƭ˵׼ĻںվڶİҲûվڵ¸Ʒ
, һ᲻ġ
ǰν, Ķֻʵڷ̡ܣԲܣһΣϷ
˶, ʮԺҲǱضҪ, ԼôôСͦ, ѾǸɷ, ˹ע뽱ʣµһͷø˰ɡ
ôţĽŲƺҲûôܡ
ϣǶкضҪŵҪĻҲչ˼ҵۡ
ʲôضҪôĸоѪ
˭ССͱ˻ͻʮվһ𣿡
ģвŵ𣿲˳ҪȥǸħɣ
˵ʲôûչ˳ﻰˣΪûǮûôİõļȣ
׹ķҽڶԶʵʬнʣδ­ǻǻǻΪСϵ˺ܶ࣬ҪֱЩط˳̶ȣжĴʹԭⳡʬķѵʱҲƽո
ĸСʱȥڼдк͵ҽԺʱҽжͬĽۣķδˡѣ´ݿ
Ĳͬһʵڵһγͻʱ߳ģŹֻǼӿһ̡
ĸӶ˶û뵽ֻǱһŶӻôصĺ֣ճŶȥƴһ½ϵһƤ˺ҩˮûٽ顣ڶαʱСкʵѾˡ
һʱ佫ʬ챨ͻؾ֣ҽֲ𰸼顣
ͬµͷ걨ϵݣ˼ƬǣԣС彡ûĲ֢
ûз⡣
𰸼Ľʡרͬ־ҲǾȻҪ̲ס˼ž˵ҸԼҽڣⰸʲôϢûзֵġ
참У𱻸ˡ
ѧر̫ͣ׿̺˼άȥɡ
ϣɺáڼһҪϯ۷籩Ѿ˿µĵز
Ѿھ飬ǳΪѧָɲĺ־ΰͮҲڻϵķӦɫӡ
ʱʵȵʮĻҪѡ
Ϊ˱ȻҪǡ˼飬ȴ޼ɵֻҪƾȥ¡
ңǽģ͵ʵһǰһټ£һʱϧ̾һʵҲûôһټ£ĳЩͻȻԵûôá˻ᱻǧָ˵¶˱ԡ
ңκε֤֤˻
ûС
Լ˵һδԼҲûκεҪ˵Ѿʼ˶񻶣Խӷ
ͮһȻܿܲᱻЩӰ죬ǻǵòǣ
˵СȻҪôһ£
ͬ۵һǹͯ
͵ǳһ˺ʡʱڽʡѧڶСֶ˳ڲ鵽ŮĲ֮
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ӣҴ̽ǵʮֳլ˵ڶҷ޲⣬Ҷû֮ǣ᲻Ūˣ
һԱɵؿ̣ǲֱƭˡ
ȴᶨҡҡͷŪǰֵʱѾϤĹ
̫ҡĸˣҪԼĲ֮ŪʵʵֶΡ
ͷԱؽܺãĪŮĹȥֱӶ֣
ﶨȻմȾ˲Բѣ
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һȺСɽ£ϴŸ෨ͷͬһʱϵĻϢҪǱ޵
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һڶԱŵüͷһ
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ȻӭǵĲ֮Իþ󣬶ǴﴫһǶܶöزˣֱߴš
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ԱСȲԼǰĶԱʲôϢӴſڴҡڽȥǰõˣ
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ŵȻܲϵ⡢ǲҪʲô֮˽õһ˿
Ⱥ˾ȻһģǵĿŮģ
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ȺѧСֶӵĶԱǹؾڿվ͵͵Ŵ˵еʱڣǲӦòǵġ
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ھ˵Լլ޹طǱ¶¹ȥǰʷֻǸı˴
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սȲݻͬǸɷ̬Ѫ֮ˣطк֪޹գ˫մѪ
Բʲô³ھ֮ʱŭѰһͷ­ʬʬйߣͥԺ
֪ǲǻ˻ǧ֮꣬˲ңΪײг̶ȱͨĹǿ
ǿļƣԽԽԽԽ࣬ҲӭһǣʧȥȫŰ˼䡣
һˣǰԱǱҪǿľѪų׽սʱȻŮնɱ
ⷬڶСֶӵĶԱ޲亹ֱл
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ͥԺ֮Уʲôڲʯѿ䶯ĳԼֲĸϵ
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ǹڡҲǺٵ֣ŶͻȻӼҲǵ̽ףΪֳ飬û취ܱܷ߱ͷġ
ֻͮϷϣһŴĿĵСŮڲϵƬǰʹ˺ۡԵ׾ǡ޹İͯʣ
ܺӾԼͬѧ¥¥ȥöԷ޷ѣ
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ǲ̫ƽǰЩӸ˱˹ҧˣ
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ҵһһֻҵ־ҵ׼κ๡
ͼ趨νѹơҵģܿԡ
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л˵
˴඼Ըıģֻм˵˲ܻáĽ֡
Ҳܳеˣ飬ǲ̫ϲŭ֣ʱȻǵĮģȴĮ
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84 
ƷԵǿĻظɵ, ǻûüžӲסˡ
俴ǸһϹһص˺Ѿʾߣ֪ĲҲûϵЩһ, ӷŭˣ
ôţ
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صʵѾˡ1ѹˣ˼Ҳ2, Ҳ3ҪΪб¾Ͱѱ˵ǿͷϡ
鷳ģǷеļ, ȰԼ׸츣ҵϺðɣ򣬿Ҳ㣿
ֱĶ֪ͲǺƢĵʥĸ˵·һֱ, һ24СʱֱҲܰﵽˣǻᱻ
ʵҲ׷ûκ, ȥġ۵㡱޷ʵκӰ£һԵˡ
˵Ҳ˳侲ΪⲨ¼Ĺע˵ѵҲʼ
˵֣ȴô׷ŹӵˣûаͶӵһˮĲϲЩѪ޹Ҷѵ޹֮ۡ
ֱЩ΢³ͬһ˷ϢĻظĶӵȻ޹ҵŮʲô
ŽʡͯӰȫΧﴫļˡ֪ŮԲѵġ֡Ȼܵ˽ʡ˴ˣ
ѹҲˣ۰ĳһ⵽Ӧˣ
˼ŴȴŻ, Ļ˵˼ң
˰༶ѧϰίԱŮʵͬ༶Ķҵû, ͱԵش¥ĵԴ鷢, Ǽû¶һ, ŵǸ⳥
Ůұ˾, ָȥʼҪ˵, ȴԷֱ׳ʵ˵ŮԼСģ鼱֮»˵δ14˭Ҳô޳ۣ
ӲĸӶʵҲ֪ز»ܵݼұܷͷͼӹһ٣û϶ֱӶ
Ѿˣ϶ԶʶһƬͬ飬ȥصΪ׻һ˾ĽʵĿ¶
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ƵУ㲡ڱʹ˽ŮľҺãҵŮǽʡͯ˹ͬѧҲǱкʩܺߡ
չʾԼͷһŮԲѵƬԼҽԺ顢˱Ļִԭί
Ѿʦͬѧ֤ҵŮû˵κιΪֻʵʦ㱨Ͻҵͱӽѧ¥¥ĵطȥͷ˼Ӳˮϡ
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ȥ˵ʱǵ̬ȼֱҴ۽磡
Ȼ˵ŮԼùã˵ǼҲǮģǱǣ˷ָ
뵽ʱ֣ķӦľλ׶žͷ¶һЦҲſ⣺ڣҪ仰ǡ
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Ƶͷ𾪡޴롢ŵȵкΪν˵ϣ
ǿСŮԲ֢໤ҵĲϣĳ̶ֳϹغ֣ܲɷʱĳصһ
ϸ˼ֵĻкΪһСԼͬѧԲѣֽɫתһȺͬСŹʧɥһеһ̫ɺϣ
˲ȥǲǵνֻأ
Ѹ뵽˴ǰ켫һʱġ һЩ֪㲻ӦĹһŵĻ̿С֮С
ѵν˳Ӧ
Ʊж񱨲ֻһջ
һڵĵط󣬷ʲô顢ʲôʲôķܡǰܶ˰ڡΪ󡱲÷ԣ񿴵ϵķ̲סҲ͸¶˶һҵĵϸ
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Ůǵͬͬѧк¥¥ݰƵȫУʦ֪ǼҾܾǮҲģ
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ĻϢкȥʱһֻҽвĸע⡣˵СҲûɣڶ챻˸ɨߵģĳ̶ֳ㲻⹷Ҳһһˡ
Űųļ˴ǰŮƬƵʻɰСŮչʾĩĽ״ʵظǰæ񣬺ͬѧһֵعգȴֻڲ
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СӣΪһĿߣҾ͹۹ؽҿ鶼˵
ԵǵڶȰ˵֣ͶʻصλĶԱԭΪǾͨճеССһβû뵽ǣô
ǲȶȣǻԭʱĳС
ԣڶİҪԵģŲߣҪɧţ
ҪܺԼСҪܲˣ⻰ڿȫ׼ˡĻһ񰡣ԷҲȷʵû
֣֣ŮʿǰܲöԸôͻȻ͸ų˾ˣĿ־ǿʲô
С̰ԡƤڵΧô˰𣡡
ϵ۷ǱĪ⣬дΪеϧע׷ߵΣǰЩ·˺˲˲٣ڳֳµ̬ơ
ǲ֪˿̣ٷеЩЩʲô
ⳡ˾ĵżת˶ΪЩֻ󾯷ĹͷԺУȶҲһȥµıˣ
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һλǳ֪޴ĲԴ˴¼ϵͳΪڴǹͼԭ¼ȫò
עĿûбѣ˶δĹ档
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ʲôô֪ô飬˵ĻǼ٣
ǽʡͯİص㣬Ҳͯ̽ס򡣾ܱ߾ӳʱڳֶֻȮĿҧ˹СЧȮֻ;񣬾йԡ
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ܲµõڿһʱķӦһ÷˼ͬʱ͸վǷǷġ˾Ĺ
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ȻܲѧǵʲôʱҲôѧˣѵĲ˺öܣҪ
аַ濴Ƿһϵй棬ȻҲ˿ڣ۰飬涼һɫ
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ǸվϻԱȻǰλõؼʣĽͼ
ЩҴ󵨴ǵطֹٻȥˡǵʰŵĲǸСˣôѡ

ѵֶڴ˿ֹͣ˶ãȻӲ̧ͷƺҪȷԼڿĶʵ𣬲ΣҲǻͷ
Ǹⲩ˵ݲС˵﴿鹹Ҳǹ֡Ҵ⡣ǵֱȴڤڤ֮ðͬһ룬ָͬһۡ
ŵ顪ࡣ
ͷĹ죬ƫƫôɢȥڳġһأ˵Ǳʲôָţʾš
к²˵һ๼ҲĳͨҲûʸȥжǷ
˳񡱱˺ܸܿͲʲôΣʲôαơ
ڱΪʲôȥæкʱҲնɱˡ
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ƪǧ˵ʱͮһε¼˸ոտͨѧֹٲתΪƪµ˸ޣٲϱעŵǹٷλеɫV
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Ǹʲôˣϲ˶ٵܣǲǱˣ
϶Ƿ񡭡һͷβ
ʼչעչĶֽűң͵شӷվֻһͷԼ
ˣҲ֪ˡһüüɣˣȥҽԺ飡
ȫصӿΡûڵĸ鱻ϵͳܵѾԴθһֵϵͳֻǺһȫûȡ
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ŰĴͳ¼ҵҪڳһλɡˡ͡ɣӺ󣬴һ̵ԲԢԲԲ
ΪϵͳԲԲҼͨԲŪģԲζԲһٵ㡣
󣬺ܶ˻ѡ飬¼ҡΪҶҲ֪ʵûϸϵ飬ʡһ衣
ϵͳͻȻ뵽һ⡱һСڼ˾˵Ӧðĵطլ
ԼȷİڼɨۺȻĿбӣһĹ˳Ҳû˵ʲô
žͷŰɣʵҲá
ʽҾͻ˸Եķ仹Ҫһ÷ӡ
һȤζ߽Լķȴʽ̫СûԲ˵һλ֮͡
һھذը
Ҫʲôʱſϻһ𣿡
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85 
ӢΪѧֵ˺, ۾ϽͼѣʲôôôһֵĴڣ
ߴֱ뵽һ繣֮ɾ˵Щһʱ, Ƭﶼûģ
񣬹ٷЩҲѹǵһιѧͲѧĴ
ǻü
ѣ㿴ôõֱȻѧ𣿡
յѵĻظ, Ӣһ, ˼Ƭ̡ҲȫȻţڰŰɰɡֻ˵ѧģǱʶΪԼ߿϶ûС
ͨӦö뷨ѧ, Ѿ̫Զˡ
ѣЩ꣬ٷһֱִܷͳĻ, ѧйϵĹŴɡ֡ߵƷƷ治١Ͼ͹£ʵҸоѧʵҲûô¡
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ղŻִٲ÷˲õĴӢͻȻ˵еͷո, ֱͷһˡ
ص㲻, ǲйֿˡ˵Ķ
ѧ, µа
Լ뷨ʵʵ˹ȥ, ֻһʾѵĻظ, Ӣ̵ͷ, Է϶Ҳµİɣô˲¹
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һĻҪԹҲҪҲò˶ãǵᷢȻĸı䣬ü黹ԽԽ࣬ҶϰΪ
ΪٷԱͮ˴εĵ޲ٺ˽õĸ˾ٶȷͷġ
ջ˼ֵ޷һϵѧУһЩڻдСѧαĹŴʥʧ伮ԵоĴͳҽѧȸϰĵãĶ֮ѧ˵ɡ¡
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ִҽѧѧѧҲϲطĺܶݲоֵھȻӦãָһδ֪磡
˾ѧ˲ݲߵؿչо̽ôͨĶЩʹʺ;ô̵ʱ﷢Ըı䣡˴˵ƾˮ𡢽ԪأԤδȵȵô쵽ģ
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СѾ齨ϣʼ˵һԱ飬صо걨׶Ρ
Ŀǰõ󲿷ֳԱϿɵԤǣѧʿʵڽһʱõȵǿ
ͨҲܹͨѧϰԵݣ߸뾫ʣδпܼƹ彡״˾ˮƽ
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Ϊһϵνѧʿѧ磬Ѿ漰غ˵Ĵ£Ҫļ
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ǺõģվܲǡԣоӦóɹ࣬·ĿǰĴб۵ɣδ᲻޷ԤϵΣҲö֪ǡ
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紫ͳѧ˼飬ڴƹûҪηηţȷ϶޺ôҶѧ
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᲻ڵĿֻŵǡϾٷǰǴδϹЩģʮǰĲԼ¼ĳֻȺͲĴӡ
ǰڵ̶ܽȲߣǷũˡδܵšƭǲôơڣѧˮƽѾˣּƶȳ̨ҲصԼϣӦòڷ̫ҵķӦ
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Ѿó۶޺Թ㷺ƹҲرעѧĻеġѧ˼롱Ʒܿ챻øزʵò˶ãǾͻʵʵڵؽӴΪ빫ںԶġѧ
ҲڴѧӦõϣӲʢδһ졣
ĴоչѧĹٷԼˣȻҪάģ
ǣЩ±Ҫѭ򽥽Ҫעⲻܱⷢˡųͮ¼˺Ϊޡתʾ϶ֵ֧Ϊ
Ĺ˱仯򶼷ƫƵûסһеġʼٸߡˡ
һأk̬Ȳǰų䵭˸һٰʮȵĴת䣬ǰδеǣ
ڱȥȴһûӣҿûӦʲô
Ѿ֪̬ȣûƬԥ;ܾԼǸеʮֵɻ벻⡣
Ϊʲô
Ϊһ壬ΪĹ򲻺
ⲻ׷ʿȴʵֵյĵ
һȥ磬˶Ϊ֮ĶԻѰİͨʹмֵܹջ󣬱ȳʥһͨͬڡͬΪߴڵ롣
ڼСʱǰţЩ˱Ȼ벻ԼĲͬգҲ벻δһͷԾǵ롰
֪жôǿĹٷߵϵͳСԬҲ벻kȻҲΪ
ˣΪλҲˡһΪǰ絮һ
ڻһĹϴ˵ʱһƬ磬ֻһ죬ֳִ̹󸫽һΪĶ죬ضǵĵĶ½˵أ֮˹
ڵȴ֪翵񻰴˵Ǵ˶׫һΪ
ԵɺϣʱûʶġԼ󲿷ֺ󶼱ֵ˵һ磬ʹ޴
һĻԽʲôزѧʢУ˶ӵ˶С
ڵֻ첻㣬Ҳ֮ͬһ·
ǵһݱ侹ȻǣջΪڷɹһ˲أȴ;˵⡣
ԭһȫǸ磬мٲֱѣ
˷ʧܣ͡˴˴뱾塣
ǶʧļٲֱСԬΪϡһδתʧȥԭΪˡˡԭΪһ壬ܹ꣬ҲȻҪߵһġ
˲󣬿˴˴سĴ˵ᡣ
˴ҲڷkͬͬԴһָԭʼ״̬ΪԼһֵ뷨
ֻҪΪkһ֣һֱɳҲܹơ
˼ãȻòǰЩ˶ĳЩۣʵض˽ͣҲΪЩմȾ˵˵к
ȷһֱ׷ԼĴѣȴδгһջΪһ֡
kԸʱȻνĳɾϴԼе׼ӵЩḻ˵Уոһյͬһ벢䡣
û뵽Ȼֵ뷨һ𣬲һܸ˼𣿡
ʱңҾ㡣
ǵ˼磬𣿡
˳õĳĬʱҲһգۣk˼һȻǻû͸еĵŻܾ룬ܹҪعġ
ϾصȥĶѽ
ơ
Ȼ


86 
ٺúһɡ
϶Լٶ˵, ܿʧڷòȷѡ
ȷѾ뿪Ż, Ĺ˳ʲô顣
ոպȻһļ£ԤеʲôµĴ·Ĺ˳ãȻԼ࣬˼ǲ⡣
ȻΪʲôüðЩֵֹķӦأ
Ǳʲôѹ, ƫƫֿġ
ڹ˳Ȼ֪ͼ, ۾ɫޱ޼ʵǿգη
, ࣬Ӧӵ֪
Ҽǵ˵, Ϊϵͳǣ𽥴ĲͬҲҲ˱仯
Ե֮𣬹˳ΪĴڷʽԶĸӡȽԭڵľҲȴԭ壬Ϊʶһ򡰽
ʶһλʮΰоյʶʶռͬ
ʶʶͬŴﵽϵġ
ţ֪ΪʲôͻȻ˴ڷź̺ݿλ, ûκɵ߹ķ, ãȻԲĿֻš
Ҳǰ, ϵͳǿ̫, 󲿷ֱ嶼ûнٵ, û취͸㡣
ϺȻ¶һЦ, ԭĮҲֳЩᣬ˷֡ˡζ
ḧ˳۾һŷ밲ĵȫÿһѪҺÿһϸ
û⡣
ûһ覴áȱĿ»ָյ侲Գ֡
ȻǺ壬ҵҲǰδС
ˣһӵʱ䣡
˾ôһֱ˳̾һ䣬ͻȻʲô첽߻ķ䡣
һӺ󣬹˳һ޴Ķݸɤȴûס񣺡ȻѾףˣ׼һףǵǨ֮ϲɡ
ص䣬ǰװͿһԼ
һƬ棬˴ʱ˵ͼ˺ɫһĳСµӣһ۾ǣȴůЩİ
Լ
⻭̲סšȻð
һ֣ղҲĳЩ˸еѹɡ
ϣͻȻðѧֵȶûеõظȥ
һеûСõĻģ뿪ǷǴǰһƺûзʲôı䣬ܿ콫עתƵȥˡ
ѧ̫Զ
֮һʱ䣬ûٿֱòֲ²ǲΪ֮ǰǳ۷粨ͷҲٳֱˣССս
ġСҳֱֱӱ֧˺͹·˻ȥ
ԴǼҵĺӸշȥ֣յΪ衢ۣ˺ű׷׵ʾ
»иQģڿĳʱҲױ죬Ъˡ
ǰż߶ȥ
ĺ˵һˣоʲôôģ
һѣѲڷǼ󣬶һ˴ǮȥҽԺȫ׼飬Ȼ⡪ڵܰͰ
ԭкܶࡣִ졢ѹ͵º°Ӱ죬·
˻ܰͰĸ
һкܴҲΪ߾԰ҹûճԷȲϰйء
ܰͰܻã
̬ãҽ˵Ļ߻Уӷֵһֻ3-6µĲҲС
յجģҵ̬ױ뵽Ļֻޱȷ뱯Ļ˶á
ʱƵػع˴ǰںԼԼûüЩ顣
֮ʱɹ᲻䡱ȴǵ¼ĸ΢Ǹ
û뷨ֻҪһЩǮȻȥ빫˾ܾˡ
ڲʵԼ϶Ұһϵвſ͹ʵšŤ©ݣɿĻ֡һѡ
һΣѾȲܴĺôˡ
ҵĸĸŴ˹˾Ϊ˼ɵýҲڰܹԼһ겻
һ¼ͬʱҲڸܵĳΪĿֲЧӦԼһҲᷢ飬ٲĻ
ڴʲôʱ򸴲ʧ䡣ֱ䣬ǳʧȥϵϤİˣ¹Ҳ޷˽ԷЩʲôô
òĳҲֱ˰ɣ
һ㣬˲ŷִҲǲ֪Ľ99%Ƕ֪ʲô
ǰҲйƬΪѧҲˣ֮ӵгȶȣÿسֶҪǶֳµﶼҪһ
ôҲƬأ
ĳʴƽ̨ϵõ˴شֺܿȥ
ΪĸϢѾΪ˻ܡ
˵ȻҪúñõж˺ܡóĲǰķչĳһͻȻޡ磡
ĳգڼҴҵظѧֶý屨
߸ӵ˲ͣؿűϵʱ䣬̲סԹߵͬ飺˵Ҫ㻹ô
϶ڿ֮ǰﵽģ
ƼͬϹеĲŲæ飬˱ģ֪һˣһʱô죡
ϴεľ飬ȥֻţ⻹ΪƣȻվſڵλöһС
ô˵ţոջ鵭ͬҲЩżˣԼȷʵûźʱ䣬ֻܲͣؼӿŲǧٵ
·˲ͬ˶ٰСʱʱ䣬ǰŵλøͱռ
ѧֻǰһСʱűǲ˶׼ǰһ
ȻǰĺݶһͲס˶˽´ԣԽԽ򣬻ٳ˺Щʵ
ΪδǱѵþһĻ˽½еĵźõĸܡ
̫æˣ޲Ūü
˵ܣ
ϻǻشڻûܷ𣬰ڵûܣϣҪеģ
˵̫ɽھڻӵĵطʲô־Ըߣ
Ѿ˻ˣں͹оֲֲأϢɱ⴫
ʲô˶УǵĻǱⲻᵽͬһˡ
ʲôԶУ˵Ĵˣ˵ǻǧʿɽġ˵Ǵǰת
ܵٷ룬ʱ䲻ֱҲûţ˽
ѧͬλｨ˵һѧ۵ѵ࣬һڡһ˾޴䶯
ѧѧлɵרѧڲμһεġγ̡޲׷
Ϊõ˴˾Ȼڳ֮һл˴ǰûнӴѧͨˡ
ⱨ˲٣һǾϸѡ㿼顣
˼βö˵㹻ڹҡҪ㹻μ⣬Ҫ㹻׵˲ܱѡУ
ˣ˵йزѾоһʺͨ˵ļ򻯰ϾҪˣ
Ϣͦͨϰǲʺ;ò˲̶ͬȵĸƣʹȫƹˡԵǼλԸΪݸɲԭв˲һεдǰİ˾Ȼ˴롣
ϺɵĹܵͨȫԣӣǾˣ
𼴽ҪѧСѧУеλٷҲ棬ѾԴƹĳЧˣ
˵ѧطӦãǿ͹ˣ
ѧʿҵ̬Աȴǰ˲٣ֳҲܿٹٷˡԱദΪǢ
ѧȷʵǱˡ
ڴάȶ̬ѧо涼ʼѧʿԾӰʵʵҺһЩÿƼʹͳģʽԽ⡣
ԭĵģѧʿǿᵼԽͨȺ壬˴֮ìܵľδ֣ȴǰӺг
ٲѧǰǸŬΪĳִ̫ı䡣
˼ֲרǱ޵ˣ󲿷ѧʿ˳Ҳٷһ
е˿ʼ˼ԼΪʲô翵ĳʥҪЩʲôЩʲô縶Ƿ񳬹ȡġ
ԭ黹кܶ࣬ͬʱڵĲͬҲ߸ֲͬ·ҲӦչֵѧķò
Ȼ᳡˶ͶϳӰˡ
ͨ˻δѾȻı䡣


87 
, 贺һѧؼҡ
򿪴ţͬѧиĸţ̾ܳڵķˡӱ䡢յ, оһ˿
ϰߵطȥ￴ûгԵģһҪڵե˺ͼ棬ôʲݵظԼһ
극ϴ, ڶ߶ϢһʮԾػص俪ʼдҵ, ֱҵɣѾǾŵˡ
׼ϴ裬߳ҡҡˮҺ, ֻǳˮѾõһɶֻܵȸĸҪǮȥҺվٻһޡ
ʮ, ڴϤĽŲ־ҵ͹ؼˡ
Һˣûˮá
ŮĻƣĲ־ҵüͷǰҺ޵ùʹζȷûãֺȥˮﵹˮҺײůһů
֣ʦ˵ܼⶫλҲˣȻᱬըģ
ص̾˿, ǲĳǣ, ûտˮ
־ҵŮ, ǰҼһȵû˭һᱬը, Ůѧɵˡ
, Ҳ, ͱаħƣڵ֪ʶҲħۣܵʴŮŻ˵Ļ
ˣŪˡ
贼ǽ̬쳣ǰſϲ֮䷢ʲôشܣжʱһ̫õԤУ˽ǵԷ
ÿ춼ȥɻǮأǮңԼȥ򡣡
ܲܶûϴɡ
˸һĻ۵òУŮǮų⡢ᷳӾֻծӰǵ
ǰȥסеķöɼҳǰ
ĸʰ׵Ļ贾Ѿ֪ǶѾϴԣʱȴǲţ
Ҫߣأ
Ƿ𣿸˼ҵ׹ڻҪȥסǷȫҪǶեɰɣ
Ůˡ治ر͡ҳͥ͡ŵһ䡢޵ؿǵŮ
ѾħǣȻҪܵͷᱻģǾȲ㣬ԼΪ֮ɡ
˵꣬ҵͬѾʰöѾȲҪϽع顰ͥȥŮˣ
ô졢ǿҲǸոճ꣬ĸĿ־ĺҲ޷˼ֻƴţһѣ
ǾǡǡƽʱٷôǲŮ˵ĻҲţǷ𣡡
ܲһνôΪʲôҪǸɻ
Ȼ˺ѷεźȰ˵ط޶˵ǣôȻȻŮ뿪˼ҡ
һǰ贻ΪӦѾûˡڣ»ϵƭҲǼߣȴû뵽ݺݸͷһ
ѧһۿóеĲԣĸȴŲɣ
˴Լʮӣϵˮػص䣬ʲôóֻλĵ绰
ʮӺ󣬾ˡ
¼贸֪ģĸǴӴġԱճ˴֮ϵжԱȵϢλͬѧļ
ȰĻѧУѧǣǸ
ò˶ãҲһ趼
ڻصͥĲҵϵٴθлŮͨ˿飬Ϊʽͽӣܿǰͳһķʰ˵Ĵ죬ӽ쿪ʼʽס
ĻϵһϵʽŪǵۻӦõͷ˯
ôС贲𣿡
Ȼҹ䷭ȥ˯žһϲڷ޶ڱɣһȴЩġŮѵüǹ
ҵ˷ܵͬû˯žȴһûŮ뷨
׵ϵƭ˵ģѹǵŮҲǷޣֻ˻˾ꡣҪǻԻ־ᶨһŮٱġ
̱죬ʲôŮ˯ǰŮȫܵԼĶҡԼ޲֣㣬δһֱ׷
͵͵˵ĶԻͬͽж˸ɫոյûʲô⡣
ǵĶѾʮˣǸõĿʼ
Сʱ󣬸۲˵Ҳס˯⣬˯ˡ
ȻעǸҹ
ûȺͽ˯Ԥ׵⴫޴죡˴룡
Ժ֮д߶ͻ˯ڷ̵ͨͽһ飬ϽҪӺܣ
ħ߹ҵˣôô죡
ʰ·ûʱ任Ǳر˴ȿֺҪӳȥﻹصšŮѡ
һͽħ߹֣ǾͻµֶĥɱˣΪǶ±ٻ˼䡣
֮Բܼʱ־ͽΪħʱ˳˯
ò˶ãͻвҵˣͽµ硣
ԣٷ˱ܣ
ܵţٺϲøոչϣһȫװľӡŶµʵʵ͵š
ħЩħſң
ȵٵһ죬ЩħȫᱻǶᱻմ
յŮûµӡŭسžǽͼֿ
ô޷ѳ˫ֵķֱۣŲȻرʾҪ⣡Ƕʲô񶼻Ὣ¸
ڣˣаֶΣŽҵǡ־ͽڣ
Ѻľ治ɫǵͬ´ʱҲȫ˳һ㡣
ˣаֶΣҵǣ
˼ƽ̨ܼ⵽쳣ټȺھٱڲѡ
Χľô춯̽ͷʲô飬ð˵СŻﱻץˡ
Ա˳ţͷʲô
˺εү˵ػصϣǼ̫飬ɶ֪Щǰɵĺ¡Ǯƾɢֳټ飬ĺܣ
ʮķҶ֪˵͵͵Ĵҡ˾Ķʲôö
ϵƭ
үѵĺܣǮȥʲôŲɣ
һ磬Ҫȥ԰һȭءѧ¿γ̣˵רҴӹżҵķĻŲ
ѧһʱ䣬үȷʵͦ˼оͷˣҲˬ˲٣ÿ춼Ҫһ
Щ꣬ҴҵԽԽáԽ̹ĻǷḻαȥʲôأ
ţүܿع硣
һȺӱɳ͵˵ڶ˶ͷͣĲˡ
ԤϵĲͬħ߹˶ǵϣͽȺѺͻȻûáŮͽ㷲
ҪʹʲôаֶΣ
ֵܽãܿѣҪµȻܿܵ/ϵĥֻҪ㹻ϣͻᱣǲκ˺
ܵĶħ꣬ٱزǣǰǾԲκαͷ
ӡͬ飬ֽǣƺҪֱڸոյûͽ
Ůʲôû˵һǵģ
һĸӦձľͱһϡ
Ůܸе㱾°ɣչʾչʾ𣿡
ųһŮλ˽Ҳ֪ʲôˡ
ǿеʲôô˯ѣͽ÷ǣ
Ϊ׵Ů˵ǲһɡûӡԼۣǰͷ
ҸǽǴͳ伮ֹ˾ôİɣ˵һ˵ŵЩĵط
ӡڵġͽˣȻᣡɳɣʲô
ôôϤô
ȿȣͬ־Ǵġ
Сһ¹AŮЦףҴרҵǶƽһ˼άҪϵƭˣ
ѧѧ
ѧСĶӵĶӳAĹϾչ밸ơ
óӰʼ¼˳֪뾵ͷĸλֱԶ˹ܣõġ
ֱ
AЦţ۾ȴûһ˿Ц⣬ȻĳνŮǸѰͨˣƭΪ
ǴǰڣЩðù֮ı˽İࡣ
ŮҸԼ
ѾǴ˵ɵ˶˵ԼǸͨˣҲʲôŮˡ
ΪĽҲҪѧǰڽ˵ĹAڴԱʱܷҲһЩ㡢ֱʾˣܿ쿪ʼĹ
ùٷÿѧЩԱҪĵȥҴ©ٳν塣
ǲӻң֪ʲôˣ
νˣȥɵ֪񣬻Ҫ߸˾С
Ҫֱеĺü˺ȻͻȻסԼǲ񣡡
ֻþٱŻĽ𣬹Ե׵ģŶһԸǷٱϢĺ룡
Ǳ˿һ˼Ϊˣ̫ˣ
ӡ
ҵ򸾣
ԣֻɵģ
ٹҶע⵽ƺǱ㴫ͳĻŪ˲ٶ
ŮһƵת⣬ٴǶڻȻϰĸ̾
ֱܶ󣬷ʼȻ˶С˵ṦȵȡħĹҵƵŵĳ˷ģᣬ໨˲书ʵ۷߿ѣ
˵õĴҶ书أ
˼ѧϽӵܵӰƺֹƽ
ƽǶݵģһ˵һԶһ˳ҲܲЩѡ
һ죬Ȼ۾еӳǰٴڣɽڣԫϱڣĿ꣬Ӱ𽥱ñ䡢Ӳͷ۾Ҳױ˲糺졣
ǰٴαСת˲š
΢΢ſ죬ȴʼסŻѪɫҲǰδеĲ԰ס
ֻǶҪıδⳡѵͷͿҪˡ
л˵
ⱾҪβȷʵ̫æϰҲֹͷҪըûڶĶʵڲ˼


88 
ѾǿߵԤ׵ٴŻѪ, Ҳҡҡ׹ʲô
˳æǰ鿴
˰ʾԼû£ٳֵرȴ˵ûô򵥡
֪ȻᷢʲôĹ˳СԬһ, õԤСƺҪʲô·
˱Ƭ𽥹һ𣬾źȻԤеһ޴ĺƽټ١
һΪƽصķϢʬ, ˿޺һƬ, Ϊݵ
ͬʱǸܵδеǵĸ飬ǧͬʱӿĿֻšˡ¶޾׽û
ûˮûʳûй, һʼľʹʧȥ֪
ԽԽҪ¸ɬ촽ȴŲ, ΪȱʧˮǰδеճҺ촽ȫճס
Ѫܡ౻ʱ伷ѹ˻˯ĸоΧðֻԼһһôȻ󣬸ԼųȥʶԽԽģҪȥҲԽԽ
飬ָӵΪܼ⡣
, ǵһθܡ
ϴβͬ, Ǹʱӵеػû, ־һδĥºǿ/, ǻδԼ, һޡޡ޹ͬӪȡ
, ֻҪ˵ص۾ˣͻᵱ
磬һʼʧȥ󲿷ų⣬һ˱
ɼûж˼ǿ˿ڣù˳ھϵٷ
˳üͷİϵѧ֡
绰һ˲䣬ֱӿڣСʱ󣬽ʡܱߵнһƴĵض
ں־ΰ͵վŪͬʱҲȻ
һʼϸţܿ־塣
꣬ꡣ
˳ƤʼһƣȻһѿڶ̶̼ʱɢΪƬһᵽ˸εѡͷԿհʲôζ
Ҫô
СԬϵͳо֮ϵһ̳жϣӦǰֲĳֻѣһжˣ
ôôܣΪʲô
ʲô
峹׻ҷ𣬾ھ˵λ󷿼ֳһӰǵٴϣ
ѩīӾµزƷˣ˫ƽº͵ĺ޲ĵȻѲ⡣
п˶̲סĵսǿڣô׾ͻ飡
ڣ
飬Ԫڣ
ڶ̶ʮʱͬɽһ䣬ӼµľͱʹϣһĹ˳˰ζ˵
ǸûüҲûüû¡
˵СԬֻ̱ϣصشʾԼͽ˻᳡ʲôڡ
ϵͳ͹˳ѵͳһ˼룬ٲˡˣ
ͷ֪ոշʲôӶǹϵشĻ־ΰ߬ŵ绰ɳƵغȷϡ
˵ĸСʱ󣬽ʡܱߵлᷢ𣿡
û׼
ٶ˵־ΰٶȽһϢϼû˻ܱרѵĶȻС
˵ÿ궼ᷢԼ500ε𣬼ÿ췢Ρ󲿷ֵĵ𶼲ᱻǸ֪ټֵͬĹҡϣǱõƵƺߡ
ǧΪµѣ֪߹˵ٵ˶˵ļ԰
Ӧöһ⣺ִƼܷǰԤ
Ҳúܶ˶Ҫʧܡ
һһо߶ԵоĿƼȴ޷жϹ¼˶仯
ʲô֪Ǽ𣿡
ҪԤһô죬ڵļǰĸСʱԤ⣿
ʱ䣬ûгֵ󣬰רҵжύ
յж쳣ǨԼദˮԴ硢ðݵսʡСģ𣬵зǳݣҲС
һϢԾ˵ٶȲϱרҵ빤ԱҲȫƬ̵
ٿ飬ʡзΧڸλȫ÷
գ쵼һǧ˵İΣðգϧǰδеĸСʱ׼ʱ䣡
Ǵ԰ȫĵطֹͣһоΣԵҵҪʵתơ
յ֪ͨĽʡٷԱǼȾͷֹۣͣΣԵҵҪʵתơ˵Աô
ʡȻ׶һߵ˿ܶȴȴҲʲôعƫԶСɽ壡ôгתôôܱ֤˵İȫ
طԤϢ
򣬿ֻŵȺĴɢӵȫҪͨ··ڣʧܱܿȵ¡
ǣڿӡĽʡܱߵǷԼҵӺֻͼƬðڴ֪ʶĹѡ
صλҲյ˹ٷ֪ͨΪӭµķֱգСʱ󽫿չʱԱϰ;Ԯϰ𾪻šա¼
ʲôôͻȻ
ͻȻյ֪ͨμӱϰĺιѹòμʲôϰȴӲȥ
ʲôֻжôͻȻô棿
ڿֱȻյüС֪ʶ֪ʶϢ͵ĹӢɵشɱͷȴԾؼס˼֪ʶ㡣
ô£ΪʲôҪ֮ͣǰò˰ȫ
Һվյؼܲŵֻ֪ܸͨϽ֪ͨҲȷͷĹŵȥͼԱ档
λʦĿγȫȡѧУšѧӽҴǰٳۿƬ٣
ѧǷ׷״ӽ߳ĲţУôͻȻôʴȡȻϿθǿӰ
ٳһĻ
ĸСʱʱ䲢ֻ̣мʮԤʱ䣬ֱƵ̫£
Ҫ֤㹻ȫÿ˶ֶ룬ֻʱ̫̣
ʡ쵼Ǵ˿ڳдĴ鿴ظص㳡ķչΡͬʱζӱϵʱ䣬ֻʣˡ
Ӻ󣬽ʡܱ߳ееӡ㲥硢ֻͬѣйزԤ⣬ڵĵпܷԶݣѰͽտشա
һϢ˼룬ոշܱߵ쳣ȫѸѰȫش
ͬһʱյʡϢһ̽üϢǼ٣ʲôʱǰԤˣ
ⲻѧ
ʱӣ
һӣ
ڣµĵ̽⵽˾ǿƻԵĵ𲨣̼𼶡ҶȡԴλ
֪ߵһ̸ֳŨص֮飬ƽΨƽ
57롢50롢30롭
5롢4롢3롢2롭
ͻȻؿʼ𶯣һʵĽҲ֮ҡΣ˲̳죡ˣ
ǰСʱӵҪߣΪһȫĴڣѸǰվ֡
ҪİΣèһ˿̻Ļǵı
ֻǣ˳ϵͳСԬ˶ֵ״̬ʱ䱻ֹˣǵĶҲͣ˸ոһ̡
Ѱѽ
û뵽ԼûĴ𸴣ȻôڵkƤıˣ˴λҪʮ򡢼˵ѭ
kҲòϣΪĵkҲ޷ԼȥС
ڤڤ֮УǻʡԤеһǰδеĺƽ١ҲմȾ̫Уˡ
صĵһ籾Դһ֣ӦúЩһΪյ㣬ȴЦ
kǰδеı䣬͸һʧŵkʱ俪ʼ
ѧǴӲٳ۷˽°¿ءָУμӷֱϰǵ߻ص˼ڵӡֻǰԤϢϢʧ
ʡ쵼˳˳дĴ־ΰֻŻص˿ڴС
ˡ
һлصĸСʱ丶ȫŬ׻ΪӰ
Ψûлصԭ״̬ģԪ״̬һͷȻҴӲ븺˵ˣʲôʥˣʲôἺΪ˵ľ
ˣܡմȾҲô˵У㲻׵ؿʹ
ЩѭϣЩνϣҪġ
ҶسʱģƾʲôҪ£
л˵


89 
ƾʲô
һ, һʱش
ЩСݵԼ⣬kȻϣȥĻĲǵ, ȻȫͬΡͬʽĴڡ
ƫƫǷһʻkһͬԴʱȵkҪࡣ
űѳΪ, ߵ
ǰ, ų⡢ϲĹ»ꡣұ㻹ƾԼı¡Ϊ㻹Ҫ棿
ɫ, ڵҲһͷųİɫ, Ũص˲ֳۿɼʵ壬ǱѹҺĵز
һߴһ̾Ϣ
૵ǵʱ̫ݣЩཻ̫ǲֱ˱ң
ҵˡԭ򡱣k𽥻عƽ
֮һȲǣҪϰ߿ܶ, ɵȥµĳ, һһ己ܡ, 
ز, Ϊۻ
ԱǶĲ, 顣, 鷽ܳȥ棬Ȼɡ
ᷢı䣬ǵkĹ
ʹسkƿ־ʲôĴڶ޷kп⣬
ڣ˶ԼйĨȥĸСʱʱ䣬һжصûзǰ
СԬϵͳں죬˳Żڻʲô˻滭˿̣ʡҲÿһѰһԼ˿ûвʲô޷֪ĸСʱǽҪʲô
ôˣ
ظ֪Ͷ񣬹˳ͷȻüͷ
ò̬һǰһתͻأǡм䱻Ӳ©һʱĸѸС
ûʲôֻͻȻ򡣡
䵽ֻϸ־۾ŵkϢȻ󻺻
ԼϢԤҪ¿ֱϵͳ۾һ¾ʹֱ䣡
ϲֱˣδָ֪ܿԣ
أ𸴲ˣϺö˶˵϶˳ֱˡ㲻ڵｭȻĴ˵
ҪǰһҪˣ²ѽ
ϵͳ߶߶˵ѧϽزŲ顢ѧ߳Խ⣬ˡδֱܻܿġ˹ڡ
ԹˣǲǻǲҪѧָã
ϵͳգգ۾ºͣԭ˵ЩˣĻ׻ǡˡȻԲ˹һźܹԹܹǸ˲ٺ£
ΪռбɵֻҪػϵͳɷƺûзԼ֪ʲôʱ𣬿ʼЩİΣϲŭַŽݿжҲԽԽ˼άˡ
ңⲻǸ˹Ǿżһ
ȻˣƨıԻûб䡣
΢΢ǣ˳ŸղǾ仰ûðôһ̵ͷΪʲôҲֱʱȡһЩˣΪʲôÿ춼ֱ
ʼʱ㶨ȻϣֱԽԽã˵ĸ鲨ɡ
ϵͳЩãȻѵжϳԻе쳣̫ҿˡΪʲôҪĻǲͳĲãˣ
ûϵͳشֿһԵСԬȻˣʼʱ͸ҵĵϸһûôеؿչֱҲôأ
ûһٰ֣һЩܸӾĵذЩǰһ˲õ˾ͺˣ
£ԾĲϵͳСԬҲˡ
ΪʲôͻȻҪ⣡
ȻСԬûôԥѸٵҡҡͷûУԭǸͨˣǼͥЩر˸㲻ҵЩܵõʲôò֪أ
ңԸæĵһˣ˶ˣűȣࡣ
˵ȻЩ˼صͷңʵ֪˾ЩӸԵģ̫׵õĶ಻ᱻϧҲǻԹġ
˹Ҳ֪ûвҪ۾ܸı˵飬Ϊʲô뽫˵˼ԼĶˡʦأ
ҪǣҲӦԼǿԼȥǣ˼аɡ
û뵽СԬ˵һϵͳͣͻȻԼĺԭ뷨
СԬģ
ð˵ԷԼʦ˵СԬȥı飬ǰڹԼ˵ɬϲá
СԬ֪Լġ
ڹۿصѧƷʱӦһ˵꾭һδεתµľ䣬ǷԭǸˡ
΢ѱգ˵СԬʧһ֣һ˵ԼѾû̫ĹϵĽǳ˶һ˿ϵ
ܺãҲһȥúǿٰˡ
ʮϲСԬЦģ
ҲǷͻȻԼĸԴžǳΪνġԡΪڲϵҵԼĵʵĵҲں˳Ȼ˼롣
վҲˡ
˲֪õ꣬һ˵ʱ򣬾Ѿ֤˸ı䡣
ΪˣȻҪ˵
һ׷ѰԼޣٻͬã¡˺ҹǰУ˾ӵСݣƽ崵ڶһ𹹳ӵ䡣
Ȼ϶Ҫ׷еĵҪԶġΪλҪɣҪȡᡣ
۸κδۣ
˳ϿδйʵЦݣڵ۾װǺӡԣľǧͷȴĺͯ
ǺúñأҲᱣصġ
仰ڣ羹Ȼٶȷ˾˵ı仯ĨȥĸСʱһٴݣԼٶȲݱ䣬·һ౶ٵĵӰҲͬʱ
һٵظ֪ǵ٣һһ΢Цš
ϵͳСԬ˳濴ǰߣȫûвﻹеڶĴڣҲûոµǾ仰ǡͲ
Ҫôڤ粻飿
ԵδŭҲȷԼΪһͷŭ䲻
ⲻڤ粻飬ԼĹҲԼĵҾǲԸô˲Ҫν飬޷
˵ԳĻûаԱǰδеĽ桢棬ζҪҪıЩ˵ˣ
˭Ҳ޷赲
ԽԽʼ磬Ǿ˵޾ʡܱߵ֣Ȼһ뵽صҪԼܵѹⳡض
֣Ļˡ
ûΪkܵе˭֮ܽҡƶȻҲ˵ã
ǳʼ
ĽԼˣȷǲԼġһ֡˵
ԣΪʲôǷڤڤ֮һֵkҲûп͸İš
ǣջһĺ
˶أسʼҲءԼûǿĨȥʶΪԼһ֣Ҳ޷ƻٻͼںϡ
ԵֵǷҲ޷ֿ
Ͳٸı䣺Կɣ˵绹Ǹһ˿תġ
Ѿ֪˵𼴽ٵһС
ھԤԵĵ𼴽ǰ׶ָֵĵӡֻԡ㲥ȫͨѶ豸׼ԤϢͬʱ
͸ǰϵͳֱ˳ȥȴֱֻĹܹп˺ȫ鶼һͬһ
һִŵůޱǰǶƽ
ʷǰĵˡ
̼䣬ضɽҡ
ɵ̽̽Ⲣѵ7.9𼴽ѶϢ˵ͷΪ֮һļԭĻҪֲѾȴҲ޷Ԥһѻ߶˵
·ʼݣɽϵľʯ֮£ҵػζصǰôС΢
˶ڱָ԰ȫĵشͷ޺ššţֱĵ﷢
л˵


90 
, ڻ
ôȤֱô֣֪һ᲻ǵģ
ʲôѧֵĹ𣿹ٷΪʲôͻȻҪѧ̨, ǲաȫʱҪˣ
иǰʱϼұʲôˣҸոհѧ˵ָܲһ£ɲɿ
þûԹ, ̼ģ
ֱոտ, ǾžطۻҵĳɰǧĻ˲䲼ֱ档
Ȼȴֵһֱûп˵
һֱ, һֻϴ罻ƽ̨ʱȽȻԼĽʡͬѧЩ˲̫ѰĶ̬ͻȻյμӱϰ֪ͨ˹Ȼͣ, Ҫ˴ȥ¶ݳ
ֹ֡
û˵ò˶̲סǲ˿˵˵¼˺ţ
Ӧð
˺ܾã˾˳ȥǧ˶Ȼֱȴĳ֡
ڣﴫǸϤԤʡһʷǰĵضãȻѸٱ˲ֻ޴룬ԺҪ, ӵǧ˿ڵĽʡ
ͬʱ, յԤǶҲ˵, пӰͻȻڶԭһֲ, ˵ͬʱԤʱĵһӦǣ£˺ң
ҵ侲, һɲ֪, ׷ָڵ֮ǰܵıԼ
ˣݡ·ʼҡΣ̮
¡¡춯صľǶŵһһ£־޴ĵѣԭĳô̶̵ļʱﱻ𣬻Ϊ桪
ûл
֮ʱƬϵȫеظܵһȫ֣Ǹо˵嶼ÿһ֪һޱǿ֮£ȴ޷ôȥ͡
ұѹ˵Ľ¡ص˵ǸٴŷԾҪȥ
ǸոǶ˵ŮڱŴң
δĴ𣬱컨塢ݵĵŵʧеǴ˿̶ǰδеͬϣȫǵ֪ȴȻΪǵϣ
֮еԼܿһ֣Ѿǰ֪һϢĹٷԱǲɱڿ̽Ƿ7.9Ԥʱһ
ȻҲע⵽ޱһĻ
һصĴųڵŵصײϷϵɽ֡ؼƽСе
˿̣ε³Ųˡ־ΰ˶ĬĬŴĻ棬ͬʱս˫ȭڴһ漣
ϣһٷ˺Ҳһʱ䷢ͬϢԸƽʡ7.9޴𣡡
ʡ7.9޴ϢѸٴȫȫ𾪡ʹġģͬŽʡƽܵеְԡǰҲʱó˿ռ䣬˶ڹעŵ
еƽ̨ϣǹͬԸƽ
Ҿ֪жô£ϣʡƽ
ͬѧڽʡڸ޷ʲôЩʲô
ܸʡҲʲô
ҽҿԼ̳ǰԮ
ӻʡͣͬҪȫ
ʱ˷˵ϢĹýǵԸ΢Ҳۼˣ֪죬ȴҲ֪޴ȻǰҲΪȴ̲סһϢ
ǿĸСʱǰֱԤۣһŵ˺ȫţԸƽˣ
ˢˢͷĸýŵ˺žȻùĵҲˡ
ΪʲôҪۣ
ѵҲڽʡʲô˼
ͬʱһ˼ľ뷨ȴǱʶ˵ڵ˰ΣȻĬĬطƽףγϵһ澰һעĸ΢¾ۼصĹٺšԼѵԸ
ڵıµɽͬԾ˵ٶȿʼζʯ顢Ϲ£ɵ˰УٹĵȻ
㾿Ǳͬˣǵõʲôָ
û״ʱʱʱ˿߿ŵµ顣
ǰڻܵԴԴϵɢصǾ޴ĳϵбÿʼЩ
ƺûȫаԼҲֳֻܷһشk⡣
Ĺ򾿾Լµģܵʲôָ
ԼޱȵĮسʼ䶨µģҼ磬缴ңȻһ塣
ЩӵǣǵҲ־˼룬ұɴ˵ȻҲ͵ˡ
k鷢ڣνѯ
kδйҡΪֻǵ⡣
ٸ̫ǡӣ֪Լϼľ΢ȺЩʲôǵ
Ȼˣಢ΢ĴڣӵзḻСǿķȺеǿعͨҲѾΪġˡ
kصֻƽȻĹɣĲϢ
ˣkҪıΪҲҪصĸ
˵k£ȴҡҡͷˡ
Ϊ˵Լˡ
ΪӦĿģϢǹͬĿꡣ
ҿΪΪҵ㷴ΥԼĹ򡣡
ΪҲΪҲͬ£ͬ򲻳;ΪҲΪҲͬͬ
飬kȴִ
һ̣ŷǰδеĹâǹҲչֳ䱾Դһÿϣڵϣ
ضˣٺϲõˮƺЩѾȥ
˵֮ΪʵΪΪ
һϢĹ
Ȼһʱ侹޷ѶϢԼΪܵضԡĽӦһ˼ҵ
kôܻ
ôܣ
Ķҡ綼һ˲䷢˾ҵ𶯣ذ㣬ؼǻԭǰĵ޹⣬ԭǺҹĵǳ䣡
ཨĿƼǰʧȥãжϣźʧһƬڣ·ĩ٣
ŵľ
鶼ܵŨصΣգɪɪ޷羿ʲôô˿ֲ
Ҳָǰʵ磬Ҳ˵㡣
Ϊ˱øãΪϢ
һӰȻ󳹵ɢ֮䣬ıҲһȻֹͣ
֣ۺɫϼϣһͻȻ߲ƣͬʱ޾աȥ˷ͻ䡢ٵǵĻ̿֡ʹ
ͬʱԭĲݱҲٴλԵøʻڵ鶼ܵޱµĿǵҲúȻˬĿ
ĩաûе
ˣ񻹷ʲôźõķĸı䡣
ӦԼĻãȻ
ˡ
ҡϲӹµǲͬΪ޸ܵӰСԬȻ´ŴŵˮͬӵԱϵͳɵɵйЩҲͬʱܵͷͻȻտյģʲôҪ뿪ˡ
СʱźڻָδٵĽʡǰľԮĹԱؽŸոյæѱȥƽȻԼͬضһˡ
ǸʱҺҶ˵
ԭ컨ҪҵҵԴϣһסңģ
Ҹܵˣ
֤ǰ뷨˸ϽֱҪѯʸոǲ˴ңȴǸѧ˺Ѿˡ
ǸΪǿĴڵϢһʧѧʿߣЩزˣ
˳Ͽ飬Խ˼ʮڹ꣬ı彫ÿһطȷɨ裬ȴûзӰ
أ侲۾͸һ˿
಻ʧ
ΥɷҪ編ͥݣ壬ҲҪ˾ȻʶĵһҲΨһһԼµָ
һǿƼֱӽ磬Ѿˣ
ν־ˣҲҪһһ
л˵
Ҫ
ǻԸ⿴ֱԼȥһƼ緢ķ
дЩ⡣


91 
ָͨ, ˵ĵ绰Ϣʼ糱ˮӿ
Ҫ֪ոյĽǷĳ֣ǲѾҪȷİΣ, ȷϴҶƽ
Ȼͷһⶼûܵõ޷ϵǰĹ˳ԼǸصСҲȫʧȥš
һȥ󣬹ҳﱸõĴԮǰоԮ
оרһֻǰµıȥ, ˸աûƼӰ, ҲûҵһµѶϢͺۼ
ǣȫƾʧһ
Ԯģ
źö, ǻǼϢתƣҪˮʳ·ȡ
ҽƶ, ߣ
ѧʿóҽ˶ŹٷɳĸҽԺҽʿһϸ
ó㡢ȸѧҲǵѰұҴߡ˴ʡ
̽⡢Ʋءŷϴװ׷׵ǳٷ֯ľԮ뵱ɵԾȶӶֶ棬ͬ
ǵصֱӦӦ㿪ʳ׵ľ񡭡ԭ˵ĽͨͨͨһһܱҽԺԱתơ
֮ϣǰδеŽᡣ
ܣ֮ܵӰݻٵǽ峡ȴһֱкϢоԮСӾȳˣ
ʮˣ, Ŀǰûյ棡ֱ漣
صǾ̾ر˴˴Ϣ, ԮҲøӳϣ
׶, յĹٷһͬʱ, Ҳ˸ӲԤС
ٷûǰԤⳡ޴, 㹻ʱӦԵ, ûǽʡ˱ĶԼƵ￴İɫ
ͬЩӢҲûܳһʱ仼о֢˰ʱеԼ޷ϵҵʵ
ʲôܲ͵õ
ԣһʲô
ӶѧʿõϢó˲Ľɲ
ͬԸѾʧ˵ĻСԬϵͳЩòϢ಻ͬۿ峹ɢܵ˴֮ϵҲˡ
ٲԸţʵѾǰԼˡ
һһͳŴҴǰദĵεΣ
ϵͳ޺ԼΪʲôһγҪô̹ĵҪôҵĽ֡
һŷֹ˳ûӰ޿Ҫȥûɨ赽Ĵڣܲסױ
ô°
ûˣô˳Ҳûˣ
˿̣˳ʵȲȥûǾ
򿪲ŵһ˲䣬ȼϣϨˡ
һģһȴûɱ棬ûһ˿û۾˵
Ϊʲô
֪Լ׼ôһ壬Ϊʲôأ
ϣյ޴룬Ǹãĺͯ
ǧ֪ԡһСĵķ磬ԭֻΪ˼ܹռϢĹ
ȴһ޷ÿѧȥ㡢Ԥ塣
ϳδ֪á񡱵һ鵽ʲô޷Ԥϵս
ɱضе棬һҪ˽һ
ȻԽӴԽֱ˴ȫͬϵȴӵĹͬ㡪ǿ侲ѡй¶
ʹʶ־ΰͮܳƵѵˣҲͬһ·ϵѧ˷ˡ̡Ľǹ¶ġ
һʱȻЩϲã
ΪҲƿǧУȴеľ֮⣬þõһְԡ
˳Ҳ֪ԼǴһֵı仯ֱĿ巢壬Լ΢ʹʶ뿴ȥ
һ顣
һ˷ӣһԼĻ
Ϊǧ߼Ĺߣȫ߷ͥͶκξûȨ޼ݣҲֲĺ͵͵ȥһ硣
˳Ҳİط˼ҡ
ǹԣӵԼļңġˡ
Լ࣬˳ĻˣʹеҲ޷ˡ
Ҳˣûþû˰ɣ
ȻҪʻǽǽĶֱӽ磬Ȼвҵľ壿
һ𣬻ЩЦ⣺Сͦ
һֻ̣ûбߴֻΪر͵͵ƲԼεĺݿ׼ӵĹ˳סˡ
ȿֺʧػתȥʲôûп
ѵֵĻþ
ڣӿ˳һòȴΪڲֳͬǵò
˭޷Ĵڣ
ڣ
˼ӱ뾡һа취һһ֮սĹ˳Ȼְֺ죬
ԼֵӣԼĴ㣡᲻òˣ
Ҫʲô˿ȴһжҪ˵Ĺ˳ԹԵվţΪصطź˫ңң⡣
ΪʲôҾȻӵźţʲô
ϵͳͻȻ俪ţ
ûˣ˳ҲûˣҲν᲻ᱻ෢֡ɳļٷˣˣ
СԴﻹһĽһܽͬҵأ
Щȴ϶ûʵ͹˳Ӱǻģ
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ڣû
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