㽿޺ճ: ֮͡᡿

İ
ｿĶǴˣһǰޡ
־Ǻֳ
ݽܣӸ߽౯ƽʱɼϲСС
ֻĹŰˣԾ޸ܣǹһѿ̰ƺɶȵġ
࿴ա
Ϊ׮¾ôˣȴû뵽ڶȻˣ
ڶķӰѹʱͷ֤УƽЦѵöһĨɬֻҪͬ飬Щ㣬Ҳġ
գգۣĶ룺飬ҲǲС
֮Ժ֪ҽȢ˸ϱ
ɶɻòУԷ˺ţĸոһôźţ飡
ҵȰȡ
ϱһ̥ȴǰӽСӹñˣ
û֪Ͼǰ䣬ϱͶһͻػһΣֻ뻤ϱõһУ
psٺճŮȻ󰮣7ꡣ
Ůԭԭ򣩡
ʼֻŮֻŮ顣
ı70%ᱻ72h

ݱǩ    
ؼ֣ǣǣ  ǣ  
һ仰飺ȫ
⣺ĭİ顣


1 
1973£տƮżơ
Ǳһй糵ΧĽûкĸ¥ĿԶǶٻ¥׺֣ɷд֡Ϊ
˺ܶ࣬ڳƱֻҪǮ½첻ĩȻ˼ˡ
ǴȺҵһλվúϳĸ˺Ȼ˵һ׶ҽȻ꣬ý˵˲ֹþҲرأʱڼ˵ôõĶ󣬵ʱڵġ
ͷԭĸףšһ
浭ʵʮץϹһСʱǰĪˣݻڻǰޡ
Ҫˡ
Ӹ߽౯ƽʱɼϲССֻĹŰ˺ȥ⹫Ըͦ
Ǹ¶С⹫ϸҪ󣬵ȳ˺ֿʼǲŴµ⹫ЩƷݡ
ںò״ˣɲ߾·
еıˣ޲̴ӵ糵ȥ
ǲܵģȥסףԭĸ׻ɱȻռ壬չ˺ļˡ
ԶԽԽƱԱǸɤѴңٻ¥ˣ³ĳ˿ץ³
Ƕ߰ɣһҪסղ˵Ļ÷ǸӣƵǰߣֱ˳
׵صǰٻ¥ԵĹӪ֮꣬ǰý˵ˣǮзʲô͵ʲôÿ
÷֪˼˵Ƕǿڽ֮ǰСŮһԷˣʱֵ㣬ԷʱҪϸ֪
֪ˡգһ½ëɵص˵ͷ˲һĨһ
ͷĹӪһΪ»̫ӲףԼӣչ̸ĺʱ
ʱܶ࣬һڲԶΪۡ
ɫľװ࿡͸һɽʡ
Եĸڿʱæվ˳شкأ
ҲߴӰͬɰһͦһ
̧װɨӣڿȷˡ
λ˾ӣ̺Ͷǹý˸˫˽ܣڿǵĳ۵׻ޡ
Ůʵ䣬ýһԡ
ӣСȥЩԵģҺǡ˵ţʹһʾץסúñ֡
˵һףٿǣƽ޲·Եֻһ·˶ѣò롣
С׷ˣǲ̫Ӧӣ򴽣ǰĹ̨
ʲô˵žǻͳдԡ
Ӷ䣬ָŲϵ[СĢ][][ըＹ]¶һĨǳЦ
ÿһǵġ
Ǳǳǳľѣ˫ٵĺģһĽ޵ĸ󻨣öǡ
΢΢һ漴ͷͬ⣬ͬʱֵ׷ˡ
»ɶסˡ
ѷӲ˵ҲҪʮǮֻ׶ѣͻ˽׼İ¹ʣһЩġ
ѵˣôûǮ
Уԭ׳ɹûþͽˡÿ춼ҽԺò׻ؼһҲֻΪ˻ϴ
ԭϲԸΪؿշϴǱ۸ˣҲĬĬܲ
˵ĸսҲйһҸʱ⣬ֻҸʮֶݣûԭȥˡ
ôҵһöԭеֵƾʲôŮ˽֮ҪǨ˵Ĺ
Ǿ٢Ҳһְĺɷ
ԾǸ˽ˣ˼ûôߣҲԭ޸
ʱ÷˵˷ѣȴЦ˻ûôǮԷٷ֮Ůˣ
ԭĸǰǲ̫ڿλöǰķû̫ʳ
ӱԱ£Ӣͦ˿һ˿ְҵÿ˵궼ˮһ飬Ȼͳӵıط
÷Уⲻɶëϸİɾɶȴ˽أ޸ģԼһᱻ
ʱý˿̺⣬ЦǺǵ˵ӣСǼⰡСԵƤá
ÿӣոԼĿӳԹǵĿţ΢΢üԥһ˲վӱһ¿Ӳżвˡ
ɵý˺÷𴽽ȴ⡣
˵Ŀˮɲɡ
һٷ˫ƶ⣬ýİȥӰʲôġ
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ڷԹһҵӰԺиκС԰ⶼŮƽʱȥĵط
΢ָԱߵİٻ¥Ե˵ȥٻɣء
ţáӲǱˣһж̫Ϥ׶Ҫȥĵطصġ
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ͷοĿͣһϺŮϡ
ֱǮ
ӪҵԱ̫:230
ǲںӪҵԱ̬ȣת˵:㿴ôǽ飬ܲܰ͸Ұ
˵ţӵĸ첲˻ΣϾǽ
ӴͷֻͣζС֣ԭı֮ѿˡ
΢񱣬ƽʱû˸ɧ⻹ǵһαŮĵ׵Ĳʣʣܰɿô
ֹŰˣôԸû֣ǰ˴գֻһȭ֮·˴˵
˵ˣҶ㣬˵ļͥرãҪǴ˽һڣ㲻ֱҲû£һҪҰָֻĲǮء

ˣм׷ܸܲҰһףҲ׵ġ軹˵ˣǮͱ仵ǽĹʱһֲٽңûɣ
ߺĿ⣬ѾЦˡ
ô˵ѽǸƺ«ԸƵҲʲôë
ԱߵӪҵԱĻѾ°ͣ:ﲻȱ۾Ļˡ
ǵȻ˼˵Ŀ⣬ȴţס˵ֱС˵оǡǷô˵걧

һ̣ͨ졣


2 
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뵽ոųͺЦ
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ԭĸ׺ʹ綼ڳﵱˣȥˣֻԭ㻹ûҵʵżҡ
Ǹ߽ͬھӴչ÷զĽҪŶ
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ھӺͬżҵ㲻ש߷סòӵ
һ׸ߵԺǽڣӰѹˮݴ·
ŵĶ̧ͷԭ˲䳶һĨǶǵ΢Ц
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ݺöӰסˣСվ־Ҫǵĸ첲ҺöǷӦŶ˫ʪ֡
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Ӱ˵衱ǡ衱ΪڶֽͬĸżǸͥ
ԭڣ֪ǰλɲƲ硣
֪ôˣȥҸ
׵׳ûɣû˵öԷץȥɡ
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Ǻ˵ζ̲סָסӣϸü˵裬̫ˣȻЪһԭĸ׺ʹ磬ûᡣ
Уȥɡ֪ϲζ÷˵ͷĩ˻˯̫ãҪǵ
ԴӶżҶ˺һֱԭͶӰסš
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ѩ׵ŷûһ˿壬һʮ룬Կԭǵӡ
ЩѣһŮѾʧȥϵһǶʮڽС
ǵöԷӦڲ촬ӹȥйְʱԷԭһֺ֣벻ȥԭԥûȥҲ֪вˣ
껹ˣһҪһԣ
촬ְҪȷ֯ѧͽö࣬ҹҲȽУиʱѧϰ
Ψһȱ:صһϣҪʮСʱĻ𳵣Ҫʱ÷һûô㡣
ǰЩһһչ¿һ飬ҵԭļ˱ҪġּԷдţɵ˱ʱŷ֣ԭԼԭֹһģһּͬ
ν֮治УҲû˼óһհֽǦдҳֽʼĳȥ
һߣǻվ
ںҵľϣͦñֱʧܣȥеĻƱ׼ȻؼҸүүһٻغӡ
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ΪʱƱегֻ賿һ˳гʱϢ
һ״ԺУ·һ߳Ρ
ͶǴ֪మô½ΣһʼǿܵģȴС
ͬ־ǣзгҪվˣƷ׼ϳ
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ԷСèƵģ÷ʢһСŵǰ˵:ԷڵܶЩ
һĻڶӰȴζӳ£Сû裬Ҳ׽裬㶼˵ݶˣģҲ÷˵ˡ
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³ǵĶҲڻеεĶӺԭǳͬѧóΪ˻ݣҪǼΪš
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һҪܲˣǲü׼ȥʱͻȻһõڼ㣡
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ҳãֻ˶˵̱Ʋˣһᱻĥ
ɺ
ĥûȴų졣
Ӣһ类һغȴ˾Ķš
ǰΨΨŵŵŮϱĶˡ
Ӵ֮
ϱٶԣ
ϱõĵ̣ܷ紵ɹ̫࣡
ϱͶӰ죬ҪǱ飬ʱϱŮֱ
നת䣬Լ׸
ps:ģϱʤ



3 
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̣ʲô𣿡
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ҽԺоǶǺö÷ȵ߹ǣĳмǺӿģֻһᣬ͡ҩҲܰãллҰҩǮ
ɶǮѾؾˣͷ°ɣһб¾ˣ˵ţý̧ƨѾߡ
Ǽ״ϽȥͿ͡
һǰһ߳ʱý˺Ȼת̲סСǣʵ֪׮£Ӿܾ㣬ʵû˵ĶԲԣ
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Լ¶ˣý̾һϧ׮Եͬʱˡ
Ŀ뿪󣬶ǸսԺӾͱ÷ݡ
ոý˸˵ɶˣС⺢Ǹõģǿϧ
ղŵĶԻǲ֪٣Ϊ̼Էֻܺǵ:ûԵͱˣ˼Ҳû˵ʲôˣЩҩպûҰȥˡ
⻰ɹת÷עûһĹֻʣ¶һˣӿздõţױ׼ȥʾ֡
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С߻վһʮŮˣôʶ̧٣˲װʲôװ˭֪ǶżҰ֣ҶܿĸҪ
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Ԥġ֮ʵ˶Ϸղأ
İ:
ഺ޻ڡ֣ԱĻԱʧٳգȫ䶯
ûƽ72СʱȫѾʱڻ1975Ĵ󶫴һ˼ҡ
ʧٶһĿ˻ˣ
ңǽӰ飬˹
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һ𴩹ĻдݣӰۣϷǣӵСܡ
ݵֻʫԶļ򿸲һס
Ӱ۸ߴ˧֣ϧǸݺĴԩ֡
ϷǺ͵Сܣһʵһֻͷʡĵ
Ϊ˻ȥңֻܻһˣװɺʵӵ͵ӡ
ֻСôԽԽߵأ
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ʹεòУҲֻܴӦԼȥ
ؼҵĵ糵Ȼ˼ˣҺӻţǲϼˡ
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˺ͬڣջط˸첲ϵС֣ȫǸл
Ӹоֱ۴һգҲſģ£ʲô㣿
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ΪϢȷ𣿡
ٷ֮ʮȷʵ֪ΪŸľƺ²ۡ
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ҽ顣

һҹδߣշתĴ:ⱲĲԸ޸ԼҲỤһȫ
뷨ȴв̰
֪˿̵Ϊǳ֮ΣԸСҲԸˡ
תתһȦ·ֻصľ
һΣֻԥһ˲ͷӦˡ
˽ｿԲ˿࣬ҲӲ飬һֻһ£ϱһֻս
ۣ޸ȻǸ񣬼ػѣԺ徲ġ
еıҽֻ֣ҪŬܿͳˣҽΧѾдòһˣûҪӹš
ڶżңֻ÷һĶԭãԸԼߣǻһ뿪
˵Сﴶ͸һ£֣صʣȥף𣿡
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үү岻̫ãϣܾ顣
ʱֻܰǿ׳үơ
ܿףڴһ˿ǣͬס
Сʱ
ǻصңͼ÷ЦǺǵߦϻйɴ̱ǵҩζӦǰýĸҩˡ
ϴҪæȴ÷ֹˣȥҡ
㻹˵ҩã֮ȾͲˣЩˣҲ֪Ķ򵽣
ǲɵ֮˫ְŪŵ룬ڿӦļ£
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ż˾ͻ֪ﳧϱˣʱʲôĳ֪
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÷ߦȾҪ壬Һöۼֿס裬ȱŮˣһһҪ㡣
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ͬ־ףѾӦ޸ˡ
ɶףϱ¸÷𾪡
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ô飬զȺͼǲǺұôʵģ
һһ⣬ֻͷֵģȻǽ֮һȷʵ㣬Ҳûôѡ
һ÷侲ɫȴ̫ãСؽǺ¡ǡ־ְɣǳģƾɶȫͷϣ
Ϊԭļڣ֪÷Ƣ𱬣˼뱣صҹһ㶼ҸҲû顣
裬ҽ飬һôûţĻš
÷һЦֻΪЦȽ֮Сؾ뱲ӵĹǣɶûƵġ
żһģսɫͲá
ûȫȻûǷ
³ǳסȿʵСǣǲǷˣεϱҴԺҺͰֻզϰࣿ
ѽ˽ӰԱ߸ţҲһ
λʼٸߣһҰ֣ҲҰôģ󣬻ǣ
żã
ڻؼ֮ǰżֻ֪ǴˣԭҲûϸʡʱ𣬻:ɶҰ֣˵ඣɶϵ
ңľԭףòȻʼ塣
ʮǰ÷˹Ѹ֯¿ף˵ڶɷ塣
ʱϱ໴ĺӹҲͦѱͬˡ
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ԭǸ˫Ƥɶż˺÷ǵƤƤô˫Ƥ
÷͹ԼǸ˫ƤǸŴֻǱţʵ˵ǣÿÿСŮںܾⲻ֡
֪Ů۸ԭҲֹֻ÷ǰŻ¶Ͱ׵̬ȡ
һˣھȻװ֪
˳֮ǰǻӲգѹŭ𣬻һ̬Сѧ꼶ʼѧУ˵Ұ֣׷Ҳ֪ԭЩǸǴģǱһֱû˵û뵽ڳˣôҡ
˵Ȧʪ󣬿÷۲ѣզ谡˵ͬզ˴Ұ֣ԭݲҪ飡
顱֣Ļˣʮˣɶˣ
÷꺢ǻ̫С¡³ǡӰǻ˵Բ𣿡
żƱ磬ڸ׵֮ҲֻܹԹԵǸ
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һҹ˯رҩƵ£΢׵ĽҲ˴롣
ڶһ磬մżҵĴžͱˡ
Űü


5 
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ֻȻһϮװýԺߡ
ĸߴűͦ·ƶһһۡ
뵽⽫δɷЩ
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G֪ˡ
ûٵʱ䣬ֻʮӾͰԼ׵
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˵УûȴԺǣõķΧʹ˶ӰļģȻãɶ˼׵²ǻ𣿡
˻û֨˵ķݣǸӵˣҲ÷ٸԼ飬æǳŮ:ɶ£ͦĹզ֪أϴȴȥ
˵棬ӰŪе²̨׻ںݺݵԼԸ̧ƨˡ
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˵ţϵżǰƣһǸߵԵú֣ء
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ҲǸող֪¶Żû˴롣
׻˵ĸ￴ŮԽԽ˳ۡ÷Цòã߸ҵˮ߿޵ǸТ˳ӣҼСǸиġ
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˵꣬λ˵ҲʾҪڼ顣
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˵Ĺϵֻһ֮ңѹм:Ľôˣ𣿡
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Ų߻̧ͷֻ˵ĴǱ߹һĨǳЦŻֺÿġ
ϱӣʲôûɿЩԿɳܵĶˡ
ʱֻһӣǸĺԺ͸סûŴܹаǧԪǮÿµĹһʮԪڿʼЩܡ
֪˿һĻһһԳֵҽǸϳҪԼëͷСӡ
㡭ڰңǲе磿һЯǱô죿
ĺԺǧ飬һʮԪʣ֪ܸԣȴû뵽ôԣ
ĶȻý飬治
ǱӣǵðҴϡ

˵ı棬ȴ˵ζ黰ôô졣
ĵ:ôӻΰ
ʱһոջѵöһĨɬ滹һ챨֮ǰġ걧Ƿ桭ģҺС
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ԭв֪룬Ӧ˵ЩʲôС˲ϼøˡ
ֲ˵ˣåϾͷ˼ֻǸظѡ
ͰʯͷԼĽţ
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Ŀ⣬Ǻò׵õһμӿ죬Ȼ˺ĺ̫һ
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ʱڶݣ˫Ѿĵ⡣
÷˼ǣŮҪתһʱ򣬶üҲᡣ
ý˼磬æ:˵ˣСί֮ЩᲹϣתһ⻹ٸ288Ԫ۾Ӻͬһݰ
ͷ8Ԫ28ԪĲУһó288Ԫ˭˲ÿһзˬ죿
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ĻûһСŮǵģ÷ؿ׺ġ
¶Һú롣
û񶨣ܸˣСȣӣֻΪͲܰСŮ޵ԽԶԽãӴԺ۲Ĳ
ΪŮ˳Ǽǲ©÷ѻڱ§ڻ˯һޡ
ڶ峿ǵУ˸ϳ˼š
߬Żڱһ±ơ
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л˵
֮Ưϱɵղأ
İ:
ˮĶɵӡ
һ죬ƭɽһСޣС˵:һ͸ģֻҪֱľܵõɡ
ɵޱɵ޸ĸʵ
һȣ˼ҡ
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˵ԼԲѧӣɵ͸ǻˣ
˵޸߷ǸӱĥˣȻҲӻؼ
ЩɷǿҷԣΪȻ
ֻҪԼһڳԵģҲܶޡ
׻˵кñ
֮˷֣ԭסݷĸ߼Ҳļ߷ԣСԽԽ𡭡
ƽʱŵĸ߷Ŷа˿޵ĺɷ
˭֪񵽵СʵǸ۱裬ֻҪһѹǮˡ
ps:ŮǸر𵥴ˣʥĸ
Ȼ󰮣СŮĲںӡ
İд2022515գѽͼ


6 Ǽ
ȥĵĵ糵ػˣÿһε鶼̫һ
Ǹϵ糵Īе̬Ϊǰ־֢Ҳȵϣɾܹȥ
ʱͻȻתʮȻǣס֣ůķ·ħȵģһİ
˶࣬СЩ
š𴽽ǣƾǣԼԽӵȺĳһվǽһ𣬸ű˴˵һж΢
ڴͬʱӰһгҲǼǴϣ͵Ļڱöǽ᲻ɻ飬˰춼ûҵ
ؿŶ˳ֲģǱ뵽˾ӺͬԵ졣
ǽӶԶһÿһ¡
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˺ܸߺݣһɵǽЦаϵ·ĥ÷׻˺üرᡣ
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ۼǰĿĵأǿᵽɤ۵λĪֽҪ䶨ĸоʱһӰӶĺͬܳʵһ
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ţáӴѽ֤СطŽһٰѵŽ̺֣ء
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첻ǽڼգһʦһˡй˿ţʦæЦǺǵ߹кλսƬɣϣɲŮò䡫
䲻һķԱЩܳ΢ЦСϱƵվԱߣӦһС
ǸɷˣµȻܾܲͲܣ˭ֹҪһõ㡣
Ӳ֪ʵ뷨ֻΪΪʦĻߣǰһ˵⡣
ʱĽպأͷͷһĻˡ
ʦĻǰϣý٩Сͬ־Ǳ̫һǷˣɶ˼ģ
΢΢Ųӣû˼ڷ
ԶԶԣһͬ־ϱЩɶ
ֻ˳ӵ߿˵ͷͿ찤һ𣬱˴ǳĺ
ЦЦλͬ־ܰŸ
΢ЦͬʱˣȻЦûЦܸоá
ʦ¿ţһŲ֪ЧεĺӰպˡ
Ҫӿڵ鷳ʦٶռš
תͷЩ˾ȻϲƬһŲҪţ
ͬʱӶߣ˫Ц·ʢ貵ǹ⡣
ʦ⻭治ϽץģԲͬʮƬ˲źͣ
ݳѾ쵽磬̲סȤϲࣿû
һ㣬ܱ谡
ֻЦĬһ˵
ôƬΪеǸӽûһźӰֱ׷ĪٷͬĴ
Ÿ߸ů:ȥԷɣʲô
ԷǾҪ飬ȥ˷֯ѹǵ
Ƿ֯ʱ⹫ͽܰæҵĹΪݹżֹС粨
ҪˣȻҪǵ˱ˣӰҪǣԼȥ취ɡ
Ļһͬʱ۵׻һĨο


7 ϲǰ
ڻеϢ
³ǳףȻ޷źúõζӲѡΪɶҪѶǼ޸һģ
ӸֺܲͶżʲôϵ
ڿɵãɶôûţѳθˡ
ҶʳóԷǿܣֻˣҲûٲҴţ㴺÷أҲӦɶùӳԣѾͷԶͦãʡΪ
˳ΣһЩԺ鷳զ
Ϊ³ǵĶԹܾãŪ겻ѡ
ǳϹˣûѳηҲ޷ͬܣɶ鷳ǶʽܰǸ߲ɣثҶţ
ĵ³Ƕ˶촽׻ǰһӻ˻ȥ
ڷ֯ʱĴְûôӣֻҪϼ쵼֪һˡ
Ǵӻ쵽µĹʱ˶ޱɡ
ԭڹڼһֱԹٸɼпתԵܲ˵Ǵְˣܶ˶ͦ᲻á
ƽʱԭϵȽϺõŮְǴǮһϲֵ´ɲ»
ϱæŶƷû֪ѡⱲཻǰַ˶ԷϣԺͨάϵꡣ
Ҳʱ֪ԭڵĲҽԺ«έȻһϣʵ̫ˣ
ôǵĵطϷȴɱġѵԼǴˣ
ͷҲû˼Ϊ˸л͵ȥӪ緹
ǰĲ;ˮһ飬Ȼȥ͡һԵǿ⸱汻ιһ칷
Сǣɷϸģû뵽ô飬Ҹôõġ
˵λг½úܽСҲǸѧͽƽԭӦܺá
ҲѶԷѣЦŸս飬ֻҪԺշɡ
УǸĻ󰮵Ĺ񣬵ĿǰΪֹȻ˲ʺϻ͸⹴ĶǣԸҸ徲ĵطػѡ
½Ϊǫ黰ٺһЦĴ㡣
Զվڵ˹̨ǰĵȻ죬Ǳ߹һĨǳЦ
緹̫ůʱ
ͱѣվڷ⣬һʱ޻
ŽֶһȺЦĺͯӺȻʣ벻ȥ

һֱסд̫ˣգգ˲Сͨƣ

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ǲڵıһ㶣漴뵽ʲôҲź˶ЩҪ㡣
Լˣε۽ǣǺǣðôȥ
ɡ
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Ǹ߽䣬е
ӳһŲľ崲ϵıʮ˶顣
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֪˲ôǻţϾΪֻǸ޾ĵ
ܿ죬ůƿص䣬ǵĴʱó
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йŮһңйҲһ̱޷Ŵˮ𣬺ǶеڿУģá
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Щѡģϲð졣
ŴϵĶֻú죬˼룬漴һ黨ɫС黨ǰȴû򵽵ǿ顣
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ڵˣ̲סЦ߸̧ϸҴϰɡ
ϹŰ壬һͦȤ
ԸӾؿڶΪæʱȴʮȻģѱϣ۽ۡ
ᣬֻǴֱѣȴֱĴ
ĳڵú硣
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÷ڼҵȵýڻˣæӭǰȥʣզǼû
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ǰװżͼ˱ӴӿóȻٰѽ͸ĻƷŽȥһһװ
ӰһԿţոĨܿ챻ȡڿϵֱʱǹɼᡱһ£˷
УʲôģҶ㣬ʲôҲǡ
ڶżҼУ϶ϪĿǰбµģ޸ǰ;ľ٣һСѧʦһһؿɽ
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һжú󣬶̧ͷЦЦȻôĽ㣬ܸ£ʡΧԵתɽˡ
˭ΧԵתˣǽӣӰɤڸ飬ͬʱҲġ
֮ǰдöϪæܶ󣬿ɶԷͲΪֹԲԸһƵĶ㣬ȡ
ˣЦӴô˵ԵȥǼǴأ˼Ե˵ˣⱲӶҪ㣬
ô٩ӰûԵ챨ԼֻܼװͿ˵
ɶû׷Źиó˱ԭϵЦ⽥ȥҲüϾҪˣǰǲǸһˣ


8 
1969ǮһǮʮŲƱ
ǲûд˲ȴÿһ˵ŹĿı죬ʹǴԽˣȻڡ
ԶǷµծӰǵˣһϣÿһǷծ涼úఴµӡ㲻ҲС
Сǣǽã̫ƽ˰ɣ
69굽ڣһǷʮԪǮʮŲƱֵҲҪˣǮ
̯ģЦڸװֱǺ޳ܡ
ʮԪǮɲһСĿӰûйƽʱԺȫɴ۾ɵⲻܣôǷôǮ
˵ҪǱ˲Һöۼֿûóѡ
ˣҾͰеԺĹʱʲôɣ
еǹÿ°ıؾ֮·ͬӺͬ˶֪
ӰһߣԺ޸˼ң̱˵ɡǿһĨЦԵüΪŤûˣֻһǮҲֻƬ֮ʰɣ
һֺɫɫĸӡֽµô˵֮ǰѾ˲ֳһݣͬʱӡ˶ݡ
óһݷŵǰҲٸϻǸӡԼ㣬֮ڰǮңȻԸ
ЩǮԭСһܳģǮӰǹ飬ҿ֪öԷӡȻƾһ˱ǮҪ
ʱ˿̣Ӱ˼ת˰˰ٸ䣬ƽǮִţҲ޶ǱԼǮѾ޵ô˻ôСʵǿɶ
ЩʹԼҶ飬뵱ûڻϪ͵Ǻͱ֮żҲð䲻˱˸дţӶɹ
ˣ˦ֱΣ
ǷծӦöϪϣһøܶͰѵͱȥ
󣬶Ӱɫ˲٣Ǽ״ϸüܺŮҪĸùæ
Ϊ˳ﱸϲ磬죬Ǻӱ쳣æµ뵽¾ණֲüͷĹо̫ˬˡ
ǰҪ͵ЩĶȫдֻżһЩҪõǹͻӡ
ڵ׵ĹӪ꣬һӲˣö屶ӣӵ̬Ҳˡ
Լʱڣյ˶ӰǷŴŽʮŲƱطϣԿǮǶƴճģͬһˡ
ЦӯӯǮȻɻҲûȥ
Ӱһ֮ǰ˶ޱ˷ܣΪ޸ҽͺ˲ҽǰҲˣҽ㻹˵ҪҽܶأԺ˭ܹúãһء
ǣףγǰǮŽľѾµĳ
ֻû뵽ǣĶϪæǮһ㵹ͦ⡣
ϲ統죬ůůơ
żҵԺ˴ϲ֣Եرϲ졣Ǵһɫëشڿرߣ
׵Ķ黹û˽ĳ˵ᷢ츲صĸı䡣
δǺǻ᲻Щ޷Ԥ⡣Ψһܿ϶:Ⱳֻ뵱㣬ƽĻĿǰֻܸ
˼ʱ÷һɰ߽ݣȻԱ߰Ѻɰ˹ǰļױڰ㣬ԺҪ֪
һӣΪɫЩɣʽҲأںƷֵ˶ǮڵȴĶ
ǽ߬źɰӯжϱ⹫ҽѧоܸٵÿⱲһ裬úˡ
裬ģһúùӵģ¡ǵôˣ
黹뿪κ˵Ծġ
÷̫Ȼ촽˰β˵룬ٸҾͺһȥ
ţٸҡȻЩʧҲûȰ˵
һžı׵Ķˡ
˵϶żҽ޹ŮſǽͷΧۣһɫļճʻͬҶ⣬俴Ӵһװӳʱ𾪡
Ƕ֪ɹǸˣȴû뵽ԷǸװĸڴ٣ҳ໹ô
ɼѾͷǸи֮ˡ
Χ˵ֱͦ壬һξ»ǰһڳ˵ļƣĳ:СذԺҪСǲС
ţһġ֣صͷǱߵЦȴ۵ס
뵽λЩ£ٰѶԷ𾴵ĳ
ֶ֡ûУֻΪ˸Ŀڣô˵棬Ҳû˼ǿ
˵ĺЦ£ס߽ڡ
Ŀ֮ʣ˽С¹ײ
ΪԵЩǿջߣƽı£߳һ㱡
Ц÷µʱϽùϵ˳ԡ
ڶ»ͬһԢųþáͷͷֱҧסһˡ
ǲͻȻ۶ϣԽ飬ڶһѧг羴ġ
һȻǺ飬
ʱӵȫעҲϣָ߶ȼеӣƽʱֻʱܼ
СŬ£˳ˡ
Ǹ裬һϰס
ڶǵӡУѧҽ˶ͣһԼˤˣ˻˵Ҫ˵ȥˡ
գգ۾˼ʮ:ǿ
ӰС̲סЦΪչʵһǳɣҲһ˿ǿС

ǵСֵ˼ӲϻЩ£ͷüЦ⣬ֻԷɤɷܺãõġ
˵ţΪ֤Լһ£ǱŵøϽ§סĲӣȻȷʵԾ
ʲôЦϹŰ壬ͨͨƭ˵ģ


9 Ϊ֪
ݵϲ׾룬оңԶ·ǰ·ô߶߲ꡣ
˳Ƚĺŵȣִƶ˵ĲʵС
ֱϲ翪ʼǰ챾ԣŻصʵ
ţĽˣһˡ
μϲģ˶żҵѻƽʱϵȽϺõĽַڡ
ֵĹӪһиߵ̣һƿ׾ƣڶĴ¸Ҿƾ̣ÿһ˶һٿޡ
ǿŶǳھӣ϶ϪһȽϡ
ȥϪûϯһдӼҲ˷ǮȴڳԵĶûϣϲϱó²ۣһЦ顣
֪ôӻʱͬѸЦǺǵشԲСϪߵü´λؼָҳԷ˼ôõܲһٷô
ո²۵ǶżھӣѸ˵ĻָͲˣ¿:ϣСϪĻ׳氡ô˵ķ𣿲֪ĻΪǶżŮأ
ģ˵˵ɶСǽҲһƽϣҲҺ۸
ѸҲ¿¶һί״ۼ˾ҪˣϽǴϲӣλˣҵ϶˵䡣
ƲƲû֨Ѹһ۽ǣǿЦУŴġ
ֻһζݵĻȴ΢ɲüϸһо飬ûҵйѸκ
ͬʱҲڻǸΣΪҪϼҽĸŷȥġ
ĸΪʲôҪ飬޴֪ڿҲһ˿
ھͬǱ߾ƹֻʣֱϵһû
Ϊﳧε£³һֱܲˬǰ׾ƣɹһѵ
˶Ƴ˼÷״Ӷըˡǹʱָϵİ׾ƶԶ˵Тģ˰ɡ
׻λε룬˭˶ͷΣü˾䡰֡
ϧ³ǸִӣһԹŸЦ÷羴һףСǰúϡ
ڴΪӻӽӹ׾ʱȴɨ뾶ֱߵ÷ǰϹϾ˵裬ҾһллСչ˵ôá
÷ϲŮܹ͸ϲˡ
æžƱվСܹҸͿģԺСǸˣСƢҲൣ
ĸТǱߵĶ³ȴۣͱһ۵˻ȥ
Χ˼˱ԶżλСŮ͸Ӻˡ
ǵĴ󲮶ϻʣСĵҽҪкʵģҲŮܸ󡣡
ڳǰһǫ񣬡󲮣«έľҽԺ
Ļ䣬³ǾȳǲǺ͸߶һϣ
߶ǶϪɷĿǰһô˵ҲܳԾһϣԺҪ棿ǻͺ
šüģʶɨһȦһ˵ıǲ죬ΨӰвһĨҡ
ǲ²ΪʲôţǳǳһЦǿɣ֮ûء
ǰӰסʼ䳰ȷˣȴûп
£ǿԿ϶ԭͶżҽ֮䣬ԷһЩΪ֪顭
ϲ磬Ǻָһѻ˶żңֱҹĻٰ˶һһߣǲƣӻд
ǵŵ㣬Ҳ˶ĵط
ԭصķڱһƬϲĺɫ棬ġ顱ҲԧĴϲ
ǿһвɵշ̣⣬ǿ඼ĳǻ֮⡣
Ϣȥˮ
ţá
һůƿߣĬĬͬʱ־е㲻
ƾʲô򶨰
ǿо飬滳Ǹḻ֡
ϴ˻ûϽ˯ȹϲ֮װȡ
߽ݺ㿴Ƶĵƹ£ŮһűԼֻһںڵ㷢ɢڱ⣬ԵýС
Ծعᣬůƿ߹ȥ
ֻԵĴһһͱ뻳С
ǽڶܽӴͬţҹȰ컹Ҫ̡
ᷢʲôԶǰͷͷܲһۡ
ɫһ٣ֻǸ˵˵һȴΪ⽿εεѪӿ
Ұ㰴ɡ
žҹ˵ƣ쳣ԸСǲΪǰһСȤûͷҲûҡͷﲻ²ⷽûͦ
Ƭ̼䣬޳ָͬħÿһޱɳڡ
ϱӶǾSPAַȫԿˡ
Ϊ˳ﱸϲ磬ʱһֱæµ״̬ûϢʱ泩ſգոջɫ𽥹ƽƤҲԽԽ
ܿ죬ϸСӵĶһͣãЦ
̫ᰴĦҲһ¡
ʱѾǵڶ糿ζ˼ꤡ
˯ֻѵôһװվڲԶڷͣ׵ĳڱ¶һνʵСۡ
ʶһο·岿λ
ҹҲʲôû
İ˿鸹򣬹ǸƵģصü
뵽ֻǰĦȻ·òǲǲУ
˯ˣϴϴԷɡ
ּ̧¶æһϲ̨Ŀ
װˮůƿԴˮΪɳš
һãȻܾ˺ڶԼ
ϵİӺͲӴ֣ڸĹӪġ
ȵϴ׼ԷʱǰСѵ˽ƺͳ´ףӺҲڷԱߣʲôԼ֡
⣬һֱ
ӣǶԻһ켫Ϊ⡣İĦ£ϵƣҲһɨ⣬˾ʮ㡣
Ӽ״̬üۼҲ֮ŨŨЦ⡣
һ緹ʱ⣬˱ܰ
յϰףǻŵӣһ뵽ϲϵַôģ˼ȥһ£ѻŵǰ졣
ӶԴûκ׼õ˶żҡ
սͬڣͼھӼҴҵܣڿǺһ漴µСǣ̫ʱˣڼҴˣ
л˵
:еµһҪͻݣźš
Ů:ǲǲУ̯̾


10 
ʱżſΧˡ
ƿȺ߽Ժӣÿ÷Ͷ˺һ
߳ŭĶ֣æǰܣӱһקסĸ첲лú˵֣
еֱһʹŷǶǻˣ뵽쳳ܵԭĻʢˡ
ӵ£ٲ죡϶żңݲصҰ
ֻĻ䣬ֱϵʹмӾ磬һľͱקһߣرǱ
Ǽ״Ͻȥ÷ûˣҺֻͷЩңӱϿϲû˺ۡ
裬ûﲻȥҽԺ
Ůǰ÷жǿίؿˣҲ±ھӵ棬µСǣҪ飡ƫĵûߵˣҹȥˣ
ĻһƬȻȰͲȰ
ţָıӺвˣɶ˵ƫģѵͲƫ㿴ӰɶˣǶǣǣ𣿡
ô£ⳡܺԼйء
÷ۿľһ顣
ԭӰڻؼҵ·ϱüһ٣ŮŮУȫףЩ˵ȻûԵӰһ϶¾ǽӸɵġ
ǻصңһͷߣ˵ԼΪǽ飬Ե޶ǨŭŰġ
ڶżҽУСûŮ֮Ƿŭɻ÷ϣҲô˻ѶǵĲǮҪ
÷ԺŪģǮҲ϶ӰΪǡ
Ǿ˽⸱档
걻òУ÷ĸ첲俴壬ӰԱƾʲô跢˵ˣô֪Լ鷳
ҽûһּױڻҵĲǮֱΣ˵ƫ۶˭ܱȵù㣿СûһΣ¿Ӱ۸Ҳȫ·ĵǵ˰˱ӵù
ڴͥ£屻̨ںʼܿ꣬ҺóԺúȰôǸǣ
ΧھҲ˶żӳܵһķźе̬Զ忪ʼ˵
϶ţĲˣСϪʱ㻹һٿļױǮأզСɶûˣҪһˮƽ
ɲ˼СǵĲǮӰô
Ҫ˵żǰͷ治СǶ£Ҳ֪϶զġѴ÷ȢؼҿҲûģ
ԽԽƫֱǹ·ܸ߳УһҪһһЩӣҲСǼױǮϴϾҪȢϱˣûǮСǵĲǮֻǽӦѣҲһֱûɣȻѷ֯ĹӰҲС
ڴҵ֪ϾҪѹøǸȫİ취ϧһӾͱǴˡ
治ɣ֯ĹѾǵˡ
ɶǵˣզ
Ӱ˵Ʋʱ֪ݹģ
Աӣ泩
ʱ÷קק½ǣ˾Сǣס죬𣿡
УȻУھߡ
ңһӶԸ
Ů֧֣÷£˳ͷͦŻʰȥȴѹŶˣֻܿɤͼˣ÷ɶ˼л˵
һ÷Ų߳԰㲵ֻʣ񣬡ûɶ˵ģǶżҵţô꣬͵ǷǵģӽŹ··Ӱɡ
һ˼Ҫ飿
ԣ飡÷ҲԸżҵĹ
ʮѹһͷţ÷پ࣬ɶȴģȥǶסû⣬鲻ܣⱲӶ뿪żң
÷һ;ͷˡмˣŶ߳˶żҴš
ֻ۰Ͱ͵ؿ뿪Ϊ
һ־Ļʱ
صдȥֿ̨һ䣬ĬĬ÷û׷ʣ÷ò˼̸˶ż¡
Ž飬£ӣԲס㡣
ô˵ҺСǶϣҸֻҪڣżǱ߲ͽ䣬֪˻лҪģҸ뿪ˡ
ķڣĸŮ˲ǰѽʪëݹȥ۵׾ۡ
÷ӹëź׵˫ۣΪԼ:һҪ飬ʮ꣬˶ƲңҲˣ
Ǽ˵£÷Ƕ飬ͻᴫܶлѴຣ
裬Ժ͸ȥ«έɣﶬů羰Ҳãһ㻹ܰҴޡ
˶ǣ÷Ѿûʲôˣʵصͷδһ㽡
ΨһѰ:岻顣
һֱŲ룬Ժ鷳ֻࡣ
˼ˣĸ꣬ҵһ¶Բߡ
Ͼʱ䲻ˣٹǾҪ뿪ǻزˣϲá
뵽Լոڶż¶һĸϻӱ˿ˣͷ漴װһεεģͼһЩ
ӰС˼üȾһĨЦ⣬ôˣ𣿡
ᵽ£Ҳ˲װˣ飬żǱ߿²ͬ⡣
˿ûʲôԭԵĴ󣬲ڱ飬ͱҲȰͲȰֶճ
Ӷϣָ棬̧˳˼
ӲǸ߸͹ĺᣬǱûʲôɫģԸеһĻУȴһ˿˼
Ϸ̵Сеס


11 
Ҳ̬ȣǵûҰΪʵշ
ˣ
ϣĸ׵һסİӦ/˯Ҳʱһ˯һ
˯Ҫ˯ɣԷûʲô˯⣬˾Ӻͬİ¡
˭ҵĺ˭ҵĶϱģⱻѸϣװʣ裬ҽ죬˷ôˣۼҵĹϵܺ𣿡
÷ŹŮļҲûô࣬Һ̹ϵһΪͦõġ
ܾǴ˵еķ۰ɣû֤ݣ½ۡ
ҼǵиʮĶӣǸСֶգ
ԣͦ׵ģʱ˾ˣôԼһӣ뿪ǰȥ
򴽡šһû̸⡣
ֻϣһжԼ룬Ǹôˡ
¹͸һأ÷Ů˯գ΢΢̾
ѾˣɹŮȥ벻ɣͶһ˻ϼңŮŮ鷳
ڶ죬Ǳĸ׳ȥɢɢģûȳţż˾ˡ
ֻ屳˫ֺͶżҴվڷ⣬һһ飬Ȼб
֮ǰ÷Ͷżһֱϵڴϣû̸ˡ
ɶһȴͣ÷һȥɣ˵һ鶼һˣ˿Ц
÷ûһԵĴɩӣô
ʵﲻԸ£ҲֻܸѼϼܵ˵ͣ÷ǵ¡嶼˵ˣ׻˵޴ͷܴβͣܲɩһȰúģ֪ˡ
˵ţø첲Եˣʾ̬
ӣҲ֪ʱҪʵ
÷һʮ꣬ôģ
ʮ껹ãһ÷ˣɶͿ˵ûġ
дʱ·ӣӰǾͷƪɣȼӶɼˣҲʡˡ
ɣҼСͦʡģǼûϵٸһ飬붨ˣ͸Ͻ
һɤ෿͵ע⣬βתͷԶǺ趼Ҫˣզ֪ȰȰ
޹ܵǣգգۣ¶һ޺ЦݣȰʲôѽǴ˵ҿɹܲˡ
屻ͷһɫҲʧȥģ÷һ飬㵽׸һȥ
Ҳأʹĥĥġ
УŰɣҶ飬ôУ
ºݻתߣòУЦƺ󣬡÷Ӳһƽϣٹ㡣
ţɩߡ
÷ߺһֱƲ֡
Ϊתעȥͳˣ뿪д֮ǰڷ̨һֽԼȥ
ٻ¥ĶܹЩ˻ҪðŷȥУʲôУһҶСġ
½ϵ֮һ˲ôףΧԼ÷˸ʵȻȥ˺С
ҪľǸֵϡһԻ˵зݡϺӶѾˣԼõôУ
֮⣬˲߲ӣȻ֪¼ʲôһǸԺķӣҲҵ
ǶٳЩ޲㻳ˣС·һûô죿
÷Ʋϣûע⵽εı顣
˰ûʶԾ
ӡûסһ
컯֮±ô˽⣬¶ƤٺҲ᲻˼ͷĬˡ
һ뵽ŮԼ˯һޣ÷¾һҪԼ˯ܵСޣűأ
¶ǶԷ²չȥСʣô£ӽ쿪ʼǱ˯һݣн鲻һסģ
Ƕ˶촽֪˵ЩʲôãҲ֪ô£
Ǹ䵭һ˵ԼеˣϺ
֪̽࣬Ȼø֮ʣ÷ֵ:ǿɱѧۺͬΪһӣװ׵˺üꡣ
˵ţڶǶֹ˼䣬ĩԲĵ:ʱȻľԼ𣿡
ˡǵСϺǵͨ죬˼޲ϽǮ÷ŮʿĽ
ǹֹٻ¥͹磬Ȼصдǰ
ԹɫճǾͱ÷ϻԼ䡣
ڵ߽ݣ㿴һװڴ߿顣
Ƶĵƹ£˵ĲͿӦˡˡ
ʱﲻֳĸЩ߹ʹԸеĺϣƵģչ̡
̧պ÷æ߽Ķͷ:ûգôôȣ
˵б룬ϸ۵ļϸԵòڡ
ǵͷֺǷ紵İɡ
΢΢һûȥܲĵĻԡ
ϣĸһסֻĸײϲͱһ˯ڡ
æģȥϴ뵽ҹ÷ɿ졣
ţá»ص飬ƵĶ£΢Ѳΰӿ
˸»ţķΧһƣʹ䷿¶Ȼ
ϴ֮ɵһ࣬˻濴飬ԥһ˲ʣ𣿡
ͬСẹ̀ùˡӴ̧ͷųˮܽصţʲô
֯һԣȰѶŵ¼һ飬ȻְϲĲ˵˳
ûûʱֻʵæҲʶˣֻʶ
㻳Ůˣ
ԣܰ𣿡
¡üͷûȴޱȡ
ΪֻԼע⵽һ㣬ȴû뵽ϱӴֵӾĶ
ճζСϸûκθı䣬Ϊӱоӡ
ٳٲ˵ǲЩʧΪѾˣ취
Ϊѣֻе㾪ȶѡ½Ұɣнٸ㡣
ʵžΪ˵飬ֻûŪ֮ǰ˵
Ƕıֺ⣬ʾ
һϢ䣬һ٣ֻɲǻͷ׷Ĵġ
̻ڱ˴ļը˻
ǵɴ˫һʱ޴롣ֱָס۾ںڰ･С
ĿϡҲüֻʣ°ããĹ⡣
Ǳţһıϸǣһ˲ԼҪ
֪˶ãڷŹǽӵ˭û˵
ķֻ˴˾ҵ̵ᴭ
ոǸǶһ޾˵˳ġ
ƽ˻ѳʮ֣û
ԭǣ⹷˽Ǽ̫ˣһͱ
һ뵽촽ǹŮˣǾ;ƾʲôһĸ̥ҪҸ˿йðײˣ
ݶƭ˵ģ˵ϲССúܣ˭öࡣ
˵ŨӦˮɡǹȥǵ
ӣ£ֻԷһĮӰ
ӣ
л˵
:Ǽһϱһᰮң
Ů:ðײˣ
еµڶҪ񡭡


12 ǰ
ʼӾͲӵķһҹδ˯˼ԼûԭҲ׿
óĽ:ԼֵûãŻᱻ
˼ˣĵһŨŨĴܸС
ǲ֪ԼĮĴڶְȥ÷סˡ
Ϊ˺ӣӸ飬ڻ첻鵽һЩ
ÿĩ磬嶼ԴƻΪɺѸڷɽµķն档
ѡĵطΣټƽʱ޽û˻뵽һ顣
ܱΪǰʱȥնðϷײǡ
ʮǮƽ£»˵ط
Ӱ˵ʱܸӡ
еġ֪ЩҲĸͲϵ飬Ҳᳵ
ͬʱҲơ
ȻĸѾͶˣ˭¶Խܡ
ǶԹŮٴԼỹʱ䣬ԳΪɳɹҪĵȴʱ
Ҫ²ףǲǸжˣüۣ¶һЦ
ллˡ
һ̣ЦޱϣӾͷĴ󹷹ⶼġ
ʶص࣬Ϊ񡣡
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ʱھӺͬĶżҡ
廹Ϊ¶ԴӼû÷۴С鶼ҪܣǽƿӵҲֻ
ϴ첻żң쵽ŻؼҡڿϺߺһҪ
ÿÿ°ͷ۲ѣҲʱŻر÷
ûˣͷݺСӰȥΣ
ӣûְθģûУ
һأڴ˿ŵӰһϵίòУҶˣ˼ҳȥ𣿡
Ҫȥ͸ȥΣ
⼸ĥ岻ٹȻľԼɶӰ߶ʮ꣬ĻЭǾﲻأô֪㵱Ǵ÷û¹ܺϱȫӺͬǶһݶ
ҵһң챻ˣĹŭĿԲҲֹܲҲܲ㣡ԷԼҲźˣ
˵ţ־ߣŵöӰżûҽл
Χھô󶯾ҡͷ̾˾䡰á
ӺͬתһȦվ³嶯ûȥѸ߿ࡣ
:ܼɶʱ˵ɡ
÷ֻĸϻʵϲﻨﻨֻʺţܰȢؼҡ
ʱҴҶתѵĩ
һ죬Сꡣ
ڼճĻЩģⳡͻϸӰƻ
ӿĵǣݸˮȵĺˮůůӣģзʱжʮǾ͵ˡ
ԵĸףͷӦ:ţ֪ˡ
÷ҲʱĶͷеʣզǲܰҪǱȥˣȥĶ
жʮӵĿĵأĢ́ڹ裬ʵ첻ȥ棬мҪ㡣
Ů˵ĵУ÷ֱǺ£զ˵
ڻǰУһȫ˵ˡ
÷ԽɫԽһɽҪ
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ѡڲ˵ʵ飬Ϊ֪ĸǸӣɵʲôǼֱһּ尾
ѳʹɶʹеڽȫй
ܿ죬ڳǽһͬͣ£÷ûļǰļҡ
ޱϤС÷Щȥǰʣ
ţԺӡ
Ƕ»Լص㣬λúƫû˼ңʱ֪ʵҵķӡ
÷սȭͷǰߣÿһǧء
û뵽ʵͽɷ򾹸Ƥӵ¸Ьķӵ۵㣬˭ĵӣ
ԽԽֳ˼ҷɨ㣬ƹԼҴŴӺԺСŽ룬ȫޱ顢УöǺӶ൱ȡ
˿̣ưܵѸ߿࣬Ĳͨͨȫ˵ˣźõ
ѸŲͣοǻС㷸ŸѴ÷һɣûŮ˿ɲС
ᵽ÷ٺһЦҲûţҰһ㲻Դף
ԴҲû취ǲӡѸһۣǹ˵۲ö˲侫/ԣҲ˲˵ʼж
˽Ѿʱֻ顱һ죬Ų
屻ŵһ²/̧ͷȥ÷һɨվſڣ۵ӷ·ɱˡ
״Ͻӿֻʣ;ţ㣬զ÷ᣬɶҲûɡ
ӶɶҲûɣ÷ߵǰɨ˹ȥѸŵþг˲ô·ܡ
⻭̫̼Ǻվڷ⣬˭ûҽȥ
һͨǺڴˡ
ֻϹץۡɥѸͷҡպףȰ㰲òУöǺܺ棬˵׾ʲôŻôʵ
ʱ÷˫ֲ:նŵģøϻȥûڱ飬ʲô˼Ҿȥίٱ㣡ʱҿ㻹ɶˣ
÷Ĵˣܲܲ飿
˵飬÷ģֻһûҰ㣬ŷԭԵĴ
ϧôǸ÷Ҳûᡣ
ǰ϶¡
صżң÷ֱݣӿ﷭⼸µĻȫװ㶵һǮûʣ
Ա߿ֱ飬ҹҲܲˡ
ϾôİѱڶԷǮҪ
żò֪飬Ǽ÷տʼΪ˺ͺˣԽԽԾϽֹ
÷̣ɶ˼Ǽȫҵզװˣ
ѽҸȢϱǮ
÷Ǯźú̧ͷЩǮһַµģɶϵҹۡ
״ֻȥʶ壬֣⵽զ£Ǯˣզ죿
飬ƾʲôۼҵǮҪȥиŮҲûɣ
ŮŮ÷ǿѹŭһαˣУǿȥңʱȫ֪иЬĵ
ɶ
˭Ь
ýһ𾪣÷صùԼ۰Ů֪˼öܣ
뵽һ㣬ֻϿ飬Էҹζࡣ
߰ɣȥ֣롣


13 
һ죬Զż˵üɹݡ
Ǵھ峵˰÷ļױһܽûãһʣ
˼ڰңչСǣǸɶأզ˻Ұᶫ
ǾӺͬĳ฾ƽʱǲԸڸӻ
฾״ƲƲ죬תͷȥʱˡ
ںͬ϶ż鲻ʲôܣƣ˶µһЩ
Ǽܺ䶯ƬͬĴ¡ƽʱ÷ϵȫΧʣСǣأ費ɣ
ʮˣֻѡպϹ
ðĶòˣش⣬ǵҲȥʶɡ
֡ˣһ롣
˿ڶݣżöˣǶ³ǣɴʶ壺˵ͦˣЬŮ˭һ¶ȥԺզ飿
˭Ҹϲ
ץȥ/һӵĳ裡
ӹԼܲܽ飬һ㶼Ҳŭˣӣô˵أ
ۼ˾Ҫ÷𻧿ڱߣٺĥߴȥ
״ֻܸϣڿ쵽ֵʱĵһ飬÷ܲܲ룿ұ֤Ժһúùӡ
ϻˣϽߡ
ȵֵĴţĲˬһЩ
Աô飬ۡ
ͬƲ÷ֵĶѾˣһ֮ʳ¯֤ûϵˡ
Ļͷ÷ɷ
ûǵĸ˵ȥףһ£͡
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Сɶ˼ôģҿɸ㣬ڼˣҲҶ֣
ôҪԼ֣ѸٸӶðףԺù
ĸѾˣҲٹŶżˣ÷ϼճȥͽߵվԭأֻܸɰͰ͵һǡ
ųӰԽԽС÷Цһį
ܵĴֻ̼̫࣬ûǰִļϣѧӵİĦַ˰ʱõĿο
죬һֱ
ӶżҰĺ̫ܴܶߣ֮ѸĶˣ᲻ģȫڳǽķﲢһ
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Ľֵ˲Ǻܶࡣ
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ǾˣҲһЩˣоʦĸƼ
˼ԭǵطҽԺĸҽǰʱùһ󲡣ĿǰڼӽûԵ
Ϊȴ绰ǽԺһ·˳
ӭӵƼĶԶһɫװЦеģǸԲ֮ˡ
ڿʱһ˲漴ȤأСӿ԰ѵȻȢôƯϱ
ǴС䵽ģҲûò˼󷽵΢Цֵ塣
ǰӶǸϡֺܷУ26꣬36һ
ǣءšһʣʦĸأ
ԶСһ𳤴֪ǸʲôƢ˵:أ㻹ûҽһ£Сɩӽʲôأ
һһСɩӣôֱߡ
ڼڿƼʱǹһĨЦǫϹʦĸá
ٶ֮죬ö̾ΪֹҲòʺá
ȽŲ㣬Ƽ޷վЦǺǵĳ֣һȰСǰɣơ
Ŀ峺ůֳϲ࣬üǰԵرϲ
Ա߿һĻ۵׾ǻͳ硣
⸱ӳ׾ԶҲС޸ˡ
ģضˣ
ܸҲӵĶʦǰȥֻܼʣĸӺһչƼıķ
ΪдǣķڳæµţԶӹȥæǺƼŶ
Ϊ˻ԾգǸ˽߷Ȥ£ƼЦﶼ
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˵ֻ꣬ǰһֱôƺû£øĿڣԶˣҽҲУҸĿڷѣ
Цͷû̧ĿڷѿԣҲٰæ
ʦҲһҽԶˣֻĿǰΪֹû׷ѡԶǸʶʱˣæЦظĿڣظ磬׸磬һɩӳԷôûԣɩ֪𣿡
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ʱԶЦ⣬ѵһ:Gǹȥ«έ֯ŵģ
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һʦУǸ꣬ʮϴѧʱȫѧҵ26ѾǾҽԺʵ
ȥĶʮ˹ѧϰǶǵĳ֣ǶΪһӡ
̲סʣҲ̸ǲ֪أ
ƼЦҡҡͷʮƶǰĵĹﲻ٣ֻйѧϰһϲˣ۾ء
ϲϲ޴֪һðײˣ˳ˣðײϲ覵۰ײˡ
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ͷ̽:ôģʦĸʲôˣ
ǵȻ˵ʵָһѶ˵ʦĸ͸ôȫϵ֮ҪõĶ˼ҿϸġ
ţʦĸ˺ܺáĺȾЦůůĴԡ··һ⣬ʥֻԶ۲ɡ
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ǱŵŪĻţקס䣬дǣ㣬ȥء
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л˵


14 
ǰоһ飬Ϻûʲôõ鷢Ҳ˵ֻܿǹϵ£΢΢˿
ȴãڻˡ
࣬߹ȥʣôˣ˭ĵ绰
ҽԺģǿҪǰ뿪ǣߡ
Һ֮ǰýĶѾˣҲʰȻ˴ֲ
ǻصдʱһ¥ĳСк⻹һԣһȻ
ڼӵһ̣ȫֱͦ˾
Ҳһ࣬Ծ
«έ˾ӣ˾ڽˣĿǰΪֹ˻δѲװᶯڽܱơ
ΪȫҽҽԺֻܰٻء
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ҽ֮ǰĻƱңȥǩһСʱ׼ʱ
˾̲ݻӽ򱡴ͷӦʣȻͷԶǽһ£ȥʰ
ţá
ֻһСʱʱ䣬ǲҵ̣æ÷ķȥֻ߳Ⱦͱʲôסˡ
ͷһǸװСֶա
Сһֻ꣬ĴͷЦ˫ˮĴ۾ģܰȻˡ
ĸ̥ʮ꣬ǴûнСϲƯӣȴ֪ô
񾭣͵Сѣܲɿң㻹Ҫ
ԲСֶûĻȻŴȲ֣һ棬үүҵƯ𣿡

ͻȻϲ裬ֱˡ
Ҫϵʱһк첽סСֶյ֣ȥȻ첻ܺ龫
һû龫ȣСֶɿ֡
磬Ҫ龫
ȾҪкƯȴСˣֶջһһ㶵ġ
ǿǰһһСɹЦˡû죬Ǵ۵С۵ĻϽˡ
СֶռƯ衱ܵˣ׷ֲңֻ۰Ͱ͵վԭޡ
ص󣬶Ȱͻ÷˴ţ˰ҪߵĶһ顣
жܶϣȥæ
ƽʱʱ࣬Ҫ˲ŷ֣һȫ׸
ҺһܶãȷֵĸŮĶʵû١
һСʱںҵżƱ
Ӱ÷һȻվԱ߰ȴ
÷쳤ʣСأȥˣ
ղŻڣûӰˡ
ȥЩԵģϻƿ:裬Ҫһҹ𳵲ܵϳ֮ëţС
ŮĹģ÷ֻİɣû¡
˵Ĺ򣬶ǴӲԶˡ
ǳգգۣԷûκΰʾŷЦʲôأҸӣһȥϳ԰ɡ
ڸոգһٱͶ˳վͲȻĸû׷ĳΪʵʲٱŻĺǶҵġ
Ƥ𳵣̨ϵ۷룬˼̬
ϳ֮ͬо˵Ĵ£ҵڵ̳ᡣ
е̴ָλ÷ȽŲҲ̡
˶ٺˣһֱԶǡ񡱵СֶգС˹Ư裬һ˯
ϲƯ衣
Ǻӣ
Сѣǽ㲻衣ĺܻ֣̿19꣬ô
ӿ˿Сֶգٿӣ¶һĨĸɫ
Լϱ˼ҵĺӽ裬ͦ΢
ʱСֶյĸǰСһĺ죬ѵҸ˵ҪűϢ裬𣿡
кΪ۵С͸Ųơ˵꣬Զǹ˵˾䡰Բ𡱡
ӸĸСǱķġܵǿȱģͬΪ
ۼСֶտ챻ˣһæԲûϵģСӣһ԰Ӱɡ
кóԵģСֶǰһæѽҪµֱ˻ȥǺ̬رɰ
¶ĸЦİ
ҹĻ٣߳·;ÿ﷦ζ
¡¡Ĺʧߵ˵ǰͷ˯ȴ˯ţΪ˲ӰϢֵֻܰ
Ȼһˮߣž˵Ƶɤˣ˯ߺá
һ˲ùˮ򿪺ǵͷţһŨŨζϢ䣬ȵţ̣
ĶŪѽô֪ԼϴëҲ̫ϸ˰ɡ
еϲãںڰһĨǳǳЦ⡣
ǰ̷ۣԺڵҲ򵽡
˼ڸԼʡźȡˮͷСһڣţ̵ģܺúȡ
ҲǺţ̵Եʻãһҹ˯ʮ𡭡
ڶ磬˳ִУ«έҪСʱĴ
ͷרŽ;˺ͼĴֻδ׼˾ҽԺзγҩ࣬رá
ǰĸ׺ϣԼûϱ棬ֻСʱĴ˵ȫû⡣
ӼٳٲֻԶְæ
ֻ𿪸ҩĶϣһعȰ:Ϸ˴󣬵һһ㶼δϰɡ
Ǻɴ̱ǵĸҩζ״̬ϵκζƻµĵһӡ
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˾ŸҩΪתȻ⣬ҲԣΪҵɷ񡫡
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л˵


15 ¼
ž˵ĽӶؿʮࡣ
򴽣һ̵ֱνе칫ҵļӸСȻͦظӭԡ
ӾһֻСè֪־ǿ
ԶǽҪʻĴֻӶ˫ˮӯӯӣãҰ
Ҫңǻɴ˫ʶһ
˵ˣҵ񡣡
һǰҪģŵæĸҩڨڨЦԼɣͲ鷳ˡ
ţѸת˻ûǰҰѸҩˡ
ΪΣñӻ죬ߣǿŴ໹ڡͨͨ
ѿʼŶϴ÷һɷƵģ:أй㰡أ
ʱҲ˹üЦöǺܲڣҺøֵϴˣŲôΡ
Ϊһ˵ֵߣܿעĿеļϳ˾ӣڰǲ˾ҵݣ
뵽˾Ŀǰ״û˻ðڨ
ҴϵǶر𰲾ĺӶܸо
Զ͡Ư衱ĵܵܣšüͷԵľˣ壬Ҽǲǳˣ
˾УֻܺӦϵıǡ
ıүүƽʱЩ£紹ˡ
ŸڱУǲη˻Сʱг̺ܿ͹ȥˡ
ȴ½ǵ
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ҪȥҽԺֹ
ţȥæɣõǡ
ڽ֮ǰǾѾˡػѡ׼ǾɩȻҪȫȫ֧ɷ
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Ҳǵһμӣ֪»ޣ˸ôöĽòˡ
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Ǻ÷ںڱĴȥ˲ӼԺ
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׻˵ǿɲ˶
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ⲻģ˳ڵģϲԣҽһȥڡ
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ллɩӣھˣֻԡ
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16 ͷ
ͨѶĽ죬һ½ȴóʣȷʵһ⡣
װûϵƿﵹΡ
һٶͱѣ÷ͻˡ
զأͶ󰡣̫ܼˣ
裬ֻзһͣӲܰ࣬¸ɾûԡ
÷һ۵ضƿ´ٳһҪͲ
ҹĻ٣ûܵӻؼңǰѺڱˡ
СƷУӽ͵ɩӣҽҪ׳Ҹͷ
ǽӹбʾл˾ô𣿡
Ȼû׳һ뵽СֶպͻүүҲܵǡ
ʱʣֻ֮ܵٿ
ǵͷû£֮ŷлݡ
ǰ׷ܲ
÷ʳ൱⣬ǻ֪⻨ǮʳÿС
ڶһ컹ûǱһ𴲺Żѡ˯տʼûӦô£
ڲӣһжмԣ𴲶й̶ʱ䡣
˾Ͳ˯ʣӿƵ󣬶ǿʼһ
緹Ǵͱ÷־
ûһĹһɴͱеӳƮɢϰڳʳõĽַȫŶˡ
ڵǮӣԼ˵ҽϱɶԵأ㡫һͲǸӵġ
ʳòԣҪԼⲻɵô
˼һ᲻ӹɶ£㵹ǻӣôһٷûҶ˼ﷹʲôζˣ
ɷԹǮҲʳĲȼĺóԣһҪӣйպϳһզģ
ۼҪˣ˸Ͻϻˡ
ζڿţǮθ:üûԹͱˣϴγԻʱģҪŪҲӼų
ʱڷǰĴͱ÷޲ڣűδط¿ӡ
ˣ÷װűһЩС̲˵ݵС
æһ޹ƶˣȥ
˵Ůĸİᣬŷ߳ţɫ
ҺпҽԺʲôλãɱҶ˵ط
ҾҽԺڲӴԺ⣬һ¥ƽʱ˽ղҲյصȺڡ
߽ҽԺ¥һ¥ʿǷ֪ڼ¥
СʿԾض࿴ü۲˵ʲôˣ
ˣͷ
ȥ¥칫ҵɣҲˡ
ҲСʿʮذ칫Ҳ뿪öǶеܳ羪
칫һˣȵĳĵȺҲ֪˶ãŰ˵Ȼ
ֻһҹδ˵϶˼㲣ɫĺðرζ
ʱԭƽ޲ﷺһ˿üڲסЦ⡣
Ǵվѷиģȳ԰ɡ
ţлл衣𣿡Ӵ򿪷иǣһζ·ħ˲ɨȥƣ
ڼҳԹˣ԰ɡ
ֻϲԲôģ˳Աʱԣʣ㻹ϲʲô´ٸ͡
˵ֻҪ͵ϲɻȴˡԡ
Ƶĵƹ£˫ĳ࣬һξһܰѴԵôĶţƳҲҲڶˡ
ɹֶ֪𣿡
ţͦɹҲ֪ˡ
ҪӰ𣿼ӣҸ
ӳԱĶһ٣汣֤һᾡʱ°࣬ˡ
һЩ˼һʱ֮˳Ĭ
ΪºӡǰҳԵ̫죬һٷ˰СʱŽ
ǻôþѿշߣڳˣĬĬ˿
ʱлʿȥû֮󼪡
«έУǾҽԺ֪ȶرߡкܶ˻Ľ￴ҽԺΪ
ҲζţΪҽԱࡣ
¥Ǵһˮ칫ңŰԭ·أ÷Լ˽Ҫһȥϵгתת
³Ϻӷյļڡ
ŸϺӣ۷Ź⣬߲·ˡ
ȻͶѣڵ͵͵һЩССĶǿԵġ
׵ߣϺӵļ۸
ϺƤӲðԵı׼֣ƽʱ½ľ˼ֶԡ
ǵļ۸񲻹һϺǮ࣬ǾԼ˴ˡ
СϺȫˣˬ˱˵ע⡣
˱ʣӣôϺô԰Ҹ˵ⶫһ㶼óԡ
ѽϺûʲô⣬ðƭඣ
Щ˵УǮһﴮŵĽӡŶھӵķϣһȰ˵Ϻ治զأ˷Ǯء
˵꣬˳÷½ǣʾԷҲ˵䡣÷ǰûԹϺӣ˶ô˵ҲԥҪǲˣ
쵽ķвҪĵЩˣһֽǮһֱֽˡ
÷̲סʣô࣬ҲԲ˰Ͳ
ģ͡
ӽôණɳԲˡ
ڰ칫ʱǸӣֱġ
ŽаӺϺӳԣǵá
֮ȥһЩˣ׼һٷʮϺڽӡ
л˵
ע:ϺֽƤƤϺһ˰С



17 ҵζ
Ƕ䣬֮Ҫѣг˶Ŀͣ㼸롣
ʱ÷Ѿ̹ŮǮɣҲȰ˵ҪʡԷŽ̲ģҲͷˡ
ʱһϰִִŵĻ
ŮĶǼõϵĶȷʵûҪ̫ʡ취Щ㻨ǮɲȫŮҡ
ǻ֪ΪԼǮ̫ĸѲΣʶһ̯λͣ½Ų˼״롣
֮ǰסĶдԷȫӪ֮꣬õУüȱꡣ
Ů˵İ֮һ:;ߡ
ȻڵĲ;ʽһûкô໨ƷζȻýζ
ǰɫģߴֲ
÷С롢ӣӼ˫Ӻס
֮ǻ˼ֻС̣׼ԡ
ʱãȰж˲ŷ֣̫࣬಻
֮ǰͷĺڱҲɹʣôණгæ
ɩӣöɡ
᲻ᵢ㹤㶫Сλʱꡱǵгмһڴ
ҽ׳ǾҵĶˣæɶ
ڱǸʵˣгͿʼᶫϺӺͼ̷ڳϣٰѲ;߷ŽҲںϣַһǾ
Ǵӻλڱ׳֮ӦйµģôԵˣû̽˼ҵ˽
ĩг˺ܶ࣬Ӷͷߵͷڣһ·ⲻ˺ͱ˹в䡣
ʱ֪ܳһӣһͷײ÷ĴϣȻͨˤڵͿˡ
˺ѷεĿ˵Ĺע
÷ͷһæĺӣСһզˣ´ײġ
Gô˵أզֺܹӣײġһ˫ֲ߹Ӧ⺢ӵļҳ
ͷһμôˣ÷Ҳŭˣҵ·ײ㷴ңզô죿ŵˣǲǻҪǿӲۣ
ĻôЦϴۼûǰҪ֣ҴҪи̣ҷ˺㲻ɣ
÷ԿǸϽǰ֮䣬Ҫ֣㻹Ѻӷӵˣô̵𣿡
ŻӣɲǣڵôأӺһ
ʱȺ߳һŮˣѺСطȻǺ÷ЦǰյӰţô͹ˣɡ
ǰλǶż϶Ϫ֮ȴû뵽ô졣
Ϫӯӯģֵ͵С׻ࡣˣ㵱˵ֵ̫ǿƣֻԼԿ
ǣǻЦ:ѽŵСӣ
ʲôѽֲǲ֪ȥŽ飬˵ֶӡϪܷᣬҧ촽ڲ¶ǲǹôʵģ
ڼʱзһҪǾǽҪȥĴӡΪ˲磬ԥشӦˡ
Ҳͷһ̡
ϴʶüʣⶼ˭զʶǣ
̱ţϪȻᣬ裬ҵҵ̺á
һˣϴɫ˲٣Ҳ׷ˣ֮ǰզûأǸϣ
ţġ
ǸСã
ԡ
ǿϱڴ֮ͥ£ҪѶż˽ȫǹļƣϴǵ̸
ﻹ£ˡ
ţáȥæɣпپۡ
ûȥɵĴ㣬ϪĬĬ˿
ĿƮԵʿ:һߵĶżģҵҲ
ؼҵ·ϣ÷˵ͿʼԹˡ
˵Ϫɶ˼զ˵أǰʮ꣬һǣ
Ҳ£Ӧ֪ˡǶӰĵ籨
ϪҪȶż˴ö࣬ԼɫӦûбĿġ
÷벻ͨһֱƲֱ֣ؼңҲûЦģ
ǾûȰֻܵͨ˲С
÷ȰϢȻʼĶ
Ϻȷĵط
֮Ҫˮ̼ӡ
Сѣֻܵӻɡ
ſյԺӣ˼ֻֻè㡣
泯󺣣裬ǻͺ⡣
ֻ»ÿӣҲǿиɣĲС
ӻʱԺﴫߴߴļ̽
߽ȥһ㿴ֻСԺ
߳öЦ˫
ݰҰӡ
ţȥϴϴ֡
߽ӻܣĵ׻һůϴֺͿվڰǰϺӡ
ϺӿӲ֣ǵʱҪСģӼ״߹ȥҪæ
ɶȴŲûģҪСıܣȥɡ
û£˲֡ΪһˣָҪϺӻѲ
ֻùһֻšͷβٷѹӲǣȻƵǣһֻϺǺˡ
ǼǵôãҲûƴǡ
ݼǰһϺӣĶڹˡ
̨ĻԽԽϺӵڿУþòɢ
ѰҲú󣬾Ϳ½ˡ
ܿ죬ϰ˲ˡ
˽ӺͺʣɿڵСˡ
ǵһһļгԷǼֵü¡
ڴ÷ƱҪ㷢һҸԣһˣӽҪǸͬ־ΪиĺŮеӰһܹúͺɶʱҪӣ֮أǿҪӰѾѽ
Ǳ̵ģֱһûȾƱ
ʶؿӣֻҲڿ˷̡


18 
˵, һ˰㣬ҪԸԸϺ
ǽָǿɲ, һѼʼ
ϺͷüϺ, Ϻһƾ͵ˡ
ӶĶ, ΢ɲü漴ùļѧؼš
÷кܺ, ʣǴѧѽӻͦ
ΪԲѣ뵽˵, ǲǵѣǶǺ߳ˣ˵ġ
÷ȷʵ֪, Ҳ, ʲô, һ, ѶŮ, һһƬء
֪ѵ, Ҳ֪û˵ʵ, ϾеǸ, ʿûô䡣
ᵽ, Լ֮ǰдǷţԼôȫԼʱ򻹿촬ȱȱ, ıְҵͥ
뵽Щ𴽽, ֻĽر㡣
ٵͷʱ, ͼԼõϺ, ʳ
ֻģ÷ҲһѰõϺ⣬öһůϵ˵Ÿл
ϺڵĽر˶Եδ
ǾϺӹ֮ǰһҪνӣ
Թװ˶ʮӸڱС͹ȥ
˼Ұǲæ컹һѶͻҪøжС
ӽӹУͬš
ȻʱͼſڿС̣Ӵмͯ棬ɰý
߹ȥ£ʣϲ⼸ֻ̣
ţϲȵǴˣмˣȻϲġʣ𣿡
ڴСĵͷ̫Ȼ˵ᣬǴ
ֶᣡΪִСڴԺﳤӦòᣬСʱˡ
ֻЦǼֻС̲֪Щʲô
Ȼ:üﻹȱʲôҿһôŪ
ᵽǻҪȴû򵽵ĶŪϴȥϴеԶ
ڲй˺ͼϴĵطǾԺеԶҪ߰СʱǸϴģôߣĻۣҵ˶컹׸ð
һεͷӦ
ҹɫԽԽŨ֮Ļ·һ̰˿أ˭ˡ
һվ˵Ҫȥս衣
Ʋ˶Խᷢ£˼ڴͬʱҲϣ˲ҪٸĦˣĦֻ
ص䣬ǻǼ˯ȹɫ黨õķɫӰۣȻͷͷһ
һš֨ѽһˣ߽俴Ǵ¡΢΢һ¡
߹ȥԱߣûжǵ˰죬һҧ꣬¾ĽһҪ֪лǲС
ǣתٵżֹ˵Ĺ⡣
Ĺ¹źᣬֻһȼյĻȫ޴й
ʱǴѾõĺᣬֻѵˮ˻ȥ
֮£ȻҪźУŲҪȡ
ƮƮľٶȴһţֻһѰ§뻳Уĥǲһֱ
գգŨܵĽëҪƱ磬һȴס˴
ϴβͬһεżֿҰŨŨĹԡ
Ź̵ĸй٣ҲԽԽ
ķˮ
һɲǣڷ˼
Լô˲أ
ǺУ
һҹһ˰Сˮи
ڶ죬𴲺
ֻǷñסͷ˯˹ȥ
һԿ̲סЦСǣһ²𴲡
߳䣬÷ҲѾˣֻһ˳¶һϻοЦݡ
裬Сǻ˯緹Ͳýˣ緹˸ӻ
òã緹УʳõķСǶԲߡ
ǡ裬ˡ
ֻһٷѣǰҲôģ࣡ﻹнӣ극Ϳȥϰɣˡ
˵лл򵥳˼ӱ˼š
һ磬һֱЦν⣬Ҳˡ
⵹ǰҽԺͬϡ滵ˣȻҹ²ãҲλҽӡǾ̫䡣
񿴵ôƽ׽ˣ˸ҹпˡ
ҽ鲻
˵ҽšһ£شͦġ
֮뵽ʲô̵ʣ֪ͼ𣿡
ڲӴԺϽǣôƽʱϢҪѧϰ
ţϡ
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Ϣʱ䣬Ӱյַȥͼݡ
˰죬ҵһʳָϡ
治ֻмѴķСע
ʱ䣬ǰѼѴˣȻ˳ȥ
ҲмһЩľģһҵľ˸ϴõľͰ
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ŷӿﲻ˵޶ȣԼ˵Ҫˣûûˡ
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ǿˮˢһ¾ͺˣͷСںˮ޲Ҹطȥ
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ʱĴű˴滺ƿһֺСԹ̽˽Ư裬ڼ𣿡
̧ͷ㿴Сֶպͻ硣
ѽǿ
س֣æ԰һԼС̡
㿴ʲô
Сֶնһ˷ܹܵܵһͣˡ
ָŸеӣЩɥҺ͸ССˣô죿
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͸㡣
ңľˣΪʲôҪСǲ𣿡
ҼﻹһֵֻܣֻǵܵܡСֶСë۵׾ǰϧ
Ư裬ҪܺòУ
ֻСҲʱ˫Բ۾һһСģȻˡ
ǿɲԵ޹ӵСν޹ʲ»úӵĶҲС
ѾСֻСǻûȥɣ㿴ûµǲǣ
Сֶһ⻰úе̧ͷ磬һᡣ
Ҳ̧磬ĺӰѻ˵úֱף֪Ϊ˸лɷүүôģְڣĲлǡ
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ϱӣҲֻһ⹫ûˣܹͬܣĻļ򣬹ɣС㻹ûȥɣȥ磬ǻֵܣҵԸ⻨Ǯһֻ
⻰͵̧ͷæͷӦʵȥҿûйˣУһֻ
áǾлл
Цů粻˼ٴδͷΪʲôܵôϲƯ衱ˡ
ͬ˰µٶȾǿ죬˱һֻС̹ˡ
СɫҲɫģСֶֻú񣬴ȴȵġ
һ۱㰮ֻСǻһԪǮ
ԺֶһֻСȱѡ
һľϻʱ㿴ֻС
˵Ҳ֪컹ȥͼоѸôǡ
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ٴСһ䡰å
һҹ˿ûָãǺܰؼӵߣ˯𡭡
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ұҪ֮˵ϢʮӺһӣһ˫ԲԲ۾Ĺ˳
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ԣҡ֪ΪΣǾԼԭıҲܼ겻ѡ
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дҺܴǮΪǵˮ
յţҪأû뵽㾹Ȼˣ̫ˣ
Ҽ޵ˣԺǿԾ档˵ţǰԼ˵һ¡
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뵽ҪϢյС˵ǸˣԱҪ屨İƺͶһЩ£ȤûȤٰġ
ҶܸȤǲ֪ԼܲʤΡ
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£̫лл㣡Ƕǵһθܵ˽ףϧ顣
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ŮһЦüһݴϧ
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ֻ˵ԩ·խ
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ǼԼкҲǰ¶һĨǳЦţ㶫أȥĶ
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ΪԶˣûĵʲôɶԼ޹ء
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ϾšͶǣ˲롭
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֣ˣֻǼ޸һʿӦòˡ
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ûʲô߰ɡƾ˸ڱĹϵ֣ǲԼܸ߸֪ġ
ϪǸ˾Ҳûٶʡ
ʱǧ֮ǡ
ż¿˵һƬƲ
ǰеյһٱţżֱָͬ־ƷˣƻͥŽҸŮϵ
ʱ䡢ص㡢֤ޱó쵼Ӷѡټ֮ǰ˳Σץסѱһʱ䣬ͱְͣˡ
֮Ǹ³ǵĻҲܵӰ죬ԭ̸õĶˡ
ܸɳٱµģ岻òҲ֪˭ɵġ
֪ҲҰѶô
ӰΪЩֿʼָܶǲܵģֲ磬ֻܰȫϣڶϪϡ
ΪˣֻëǮϪȥһݵ籨
Ϫյݵ籨ʱǵڶ죬û뵽ﾹȻô£Ǿ˸Ƶģôģ
ԽԽ°ȥҶļ¡֪ȥңֻڼԺﵽ
˽ӣӼҪҶǣһҽϱ¶
Ϫ΢΢һ漴׹ָ˭Ȼɻ󣬵ǵ˵ͷǵģ׶㣬ҲԺס
ϸΣƲƲ˵ǳһ㶼񡱡
ɣϪŭԡ
ڲɷֻǸְλߵһץһѣΪһʱ嶯ˡ
ӿͦģҲ鷳ģָ˸
ϪڼԺסһ¥ƽ̲סһžԽԽֲмãҲԽᡣ
ǼҵĴţŵ÷
ˣ÷̲סü𣿡
Ϫ֮ǰĮֻһģ÷̣Ұֵ˵ˣ
׻˵ֲЦˣǲ⣬÷ǰýݡ
ڸСϴ裬ǶϪ˼һתµ˴š
ʪСɺȥݼˡ
ϪȵЩͣڳˣֹЦݡ
ҽʼǱߵô£رڣû˼ˡ
Է̽ڶǵʲôǣҲɵףǷٱԼдġ
ΪˣӦûܸءŮȢؼң𣿡
ûԼ˼·ģϪЦ֮˼ֻ֣һʱͿϣܸһĻᣬϾԶһˡˣӰҸ˶ûкʵСӣ
ǼȻƵᣬòŮ˵ĺƤѾĳ̶ȡ
⵺иϪѾӦˣӰǻò˹ӣ
뵽ǻ棬ǵ¶һĨкСҲܣǼֱǿһȱ£Ƚʺ
ϪͷһһҪˡ
뵽еĿģֻǿԼ侲Ҳˣǿżɽֱ˾ٱˣ֪𣿡
˾ٱǻá

ԼʲʲôϪڷˡ
֮ǰ°ؼҵӣ˳øߴ˧ʶĽҪʡ
ʱ֪ԭʿǶǵɷǰλǡ
˻Ƕӣ
һ̣һɼĵӿ촽Ҵ뿪˶żҡ
еǸ磬һֱûϪǵӰǶԷ˭
һǶż϶
ӶԶżȫ޺øУҲûٹʡ
һҹעǸûûҹ
컹Ҫϰ࣬˱ֵøᡣ
ⷴĥöǲϲ£ġ
ڶԹ緹Ǳгȥϰġ
һ·ϣǻе㱣û뵽Ǹ˵㻰ˣ˵ҪԼϰ࣬ˡ
ҽԺæ𣿡
æϰٻȥոպáҲֹⳤԵˣһʱ䶼ȷŸŵġ
ûѧг֮ǰĸԸ
ô˵Űġ
촬ſڷֱ𣬼ϰʱոպãǻ͵͵һǡ
һ춼ƮƮƵġ
촬Ӻܴ󣬺档
쵼иӱдһֺ֣ѳһ屨ָ
ϵ˼룬ǸĲ屨ҲΪٳûƣҪҸٶʡ
緹ʳãէϰߣǮһȥԷ
öҲͷҪȥʳõ·ϣóû鲼ͷ˹ȥģ͸㡣
ŮӶǮ½ӹͷϲòУ˵ллԼһ겻ʣ㿴ôÿ𣿰ֿɣ
ϲǺܿģܺÿ´ٸü
ţУҾͲ
߽ʳã˵עĿ
Ǯµĸĸ촬ˣ˺ֶܶ࣬һƯһڵСִ
Ǹմ극ҵλ£˹ڨˡ
ǳ﹤ˣһ׷Ǯºܶ࣬Ǯ²ϲһ˵Ŀһֱڶϣģ˲ˬ
ԹԵسԷֱǵĴڣ˼״ֻúƤһҽܣãҽκңǴˣĿǰͬ־ʲôѽ
˸뱥̧ͷնţѻ飬ӹ
ᣬðԼѻȥպٳֽ״
ѻ顱֣κ˰ΣȻſĿİ㣬Ѿˣ񰡡
ţѾܾˡûٸϻµͷʼԷͬ˸龫ʡ
κһڴľͬеһͬ飬ǮڱЦԲˡ
ȶǰѷˣŷԭڶѾˡ
Ǯ¼ѷˣļЦԵţУҪӣҲһֱ˷ˡ
ⲻ򵥣ֻҪҸˡ
촬˵Ҳͦ󣬵ҪҸȴûôסǮǸ಻С
Цʣ㰮ûкֵ֮ģҽһ
ӵĺֵܣֻʶһԶǼһѣû˵
ʱŷ֣ԼԼûʲô˽⣿
ֻ֪иүүĸ˭ﶼûʹ
кҲûôд
ǲе㲻̫ϸ
ǵһ챨ǰ°ࡣΪӣ°ĵһȥҽԺɷ˳һСϲ
ϴͷľȥ¥칫ᳵ·
õ飬Ҫ칫ҵķţ洫һ
ϸϸɤǸŮˡ
ֱҪϲȴ׽ڴĹѪ飡
̵ֲԸ˭úܲˬ
ţֱŶ룬ֻиŮϿ
վڴ̨ߣܱӵӡ
ڿǵһ̣˪¶һĨϲ°ˣ׼ȥ㡣
ǿһ˿Ц⣬ߵʣⲻǻйпս𣿡
ϵŮҲʱֹͣ˿̧ǣ۵׻𾪡
ڿòͬϳͶϪһѡ
֣˫վ˵Բ𣬴°ˡҾ˾˵Ĳ鷳ˡ
Ůᣬޱ飺ûϵβǵΣȻȥɣҪ°ˡ
ߺ󣬶Ǻݺĸ첲ʣҲ׼ĵʲôʱ򣿡
л˵
Ů:еµҪŮ˱һϾ룬칫Ҳţ
:ҴˣءִͬϵġίͰ͡



19 屨
ֻðֱһʹ, ؿӣ˶µġ
һ̲ˣһʱ֮޷ӵŭ
Ǽһ޹ؿԼ, ͸ˡ֣Ŵ, ֱ칫ߡ
ѵ״, ʶ׷ȥ
߳Զľ룬סǱС, ܸΪʲôһġ
ҽô꣬ǲǲ, 칫޵̫ˣൽѾľˡ
Ļ᲻֪һ, ôֻǹ֪, Ǹи֮, ˭ǰ޶Ҫӡе, һ챻һ¡
ոǸŮǰʶǲǺܺÿ
Ӵͷ˫峺, ΢΢üչ, ΪʲôҪ
Һʶ, ֻҽͲĹϵ, , Բ´һע⡣
˵һֱֻĳϲŻ鲻Խ, ǡϱš
䲻ôԼﲻһЩٶ˵Ļ, , ҧ꾯ѻ鸾, һΣ²ΪײǾ飡
ڵйˣĸ׳ҲǲС
顱֣ٴüסΪⱲӶ飬Ҳ飬ģԺ󲻻ٷ
Чͦã֪üþˣͷ˸߸͹ĺһǣҲȸո࣬ǳͬ־ұףҵܾˣҪͬŬԲǵҸͥ
Ļ䣬ֻ˱ˣƵɤţǰ˽̻壬һаѿɱҡ
ʱǣĸ۵ľȻҴӵ⣿촬Ҫܼ˲С
һҹûûĽںͺ
ڶһ磬֮ǰͶϰࡣһΣǰʮӳţöЩơ
ΪҪȥҽԺȴڰ͵ſڵʱٳûߡ
Ĵſڣкܶϳ˶ǣϾŮֻһʱڳˡ
ڴͬʱҲ˳ȻӣŮվһʮۡ
ǵ˵оͶǱ׵κң߽ǰġ
ô߰ǳſعϵģվﱻôעЩ˼˷Ҫ򿾵عϴȥԣعϵӰӶû
ٵȵȣ쿴ˡӵͷֱӺ˵
ֹȥӣعϵĻϷӿһͮͮĹƻݸعϵĽ첻ˣٵȵȣȥϰɡ
ǽӹƻ˲˵С˼Цͬ־Ļ
üǳЦͷ뿪ˣԼġ
ӣܶͬ¶ͶԵǮ¸ֱܵǰʣոſǸɷ𣿳̫˧ˣҶûҹȥк
ţϰġǺϣ뵽˵նģ޲ƻȥͷ
ѹô顫ǮǸֵأֻг˧˲ۣǵĸ첲С˵˼Ҷ˵߳࣬ɷҪֳһҪܸҰ
ǱЦгر֤Уһܣ
һߣھҽԺ¥칫ҡ
źһųӣȻһϸŰֺͶ˨˭Ŷزϡ
õһֲϵֻҪ⿪Ҳɣ°Żؼҡ
֣ˡ
칫ҵŴĿһ漴˽ȥ
ˣûй顣
ûбʱĮһ־ǧ֮ĸо
뵽Լ˼ֻ֣ӲͷƤ£һԾ˾˵Ĳ鵱˵
ҽҾ˾˵һǲģϸ˵˵ϸ𣿡
ָˣü˲仹һ˿࣬ͨһɱ
Ȼվڴ̨ߣ俪ڣߵֱϵ絽ʲôһ˵вĵģԺǹͨתҡ
⻰˼ԣֱϵҽû㷴ֲ̽顣
֣ɵĻף
ǸƤģٴȥֻԼû
ۺίվϸõǺãһҾģͲˡ
ΪԼ¶ôѹһᶯ֮ģûУؿ뿪
߳ҽԺ֣ȥ˲ӼԺ
Ϫ򿪷ſ˺û¶һ˿⣬ýݣЦʣǴĶѽųû𣿡
ĿǰΪֹûŮ˺ͽʲôϵֵֹġ
Լܵˡ
֣ͷ·𿴵˶ǣʵ㲻˵ü޵ʿΪʲôƭң
Ϫʵһ㶣ʶΪԼҺСϵ̫ãϴμһʿһ𣬾Ϊˣûƭ㡣
ֽ֣ͣɫһ㣬Ȼܸ䣬˽ӵǸʲôˣҲ֪Ϫһõѯʶ
ǻһתʣҺͦͶԵģܽʶ𣿡
νʲôʲôϪµľǶǺͽӴϣԼ¾Ҳסˡ
Σⷢ
˼ոܣһʱܰﲻ㡣
Ըæ֣ٴγڽҲû˺
ܺ󣬱ת˻⣬ɷأôֻڼң
ĵ׵̫࣬ϪܲԸ˷£ЦŶһˮװո·ϼ쵼ȥأܻأ˵ʱ䶨𣿡
ûСᵽ֣뵽˵Щ򴽣֪ȾˣҲ֮ǰӴǸˡ
СĿŮ˸£һʱ֮˭Ҳû˵
촬칫ҡ
Ǿһ˼뵽Լİ屨ʲôˡ
Ӣۣ˺¼Ӣǵ飬ֱһá
˵ɾ͸ɡһǷ˺¡
촬ز죬ֻǮ¡
Ǯòָһ·ȥɷùΰǰʱΪ˾Ȼ˰̣󶼻ˣҪ屨ء
ΰһĹˣʮ꣬Ǵ껪ʱ򡣶ǳ˼Ƭ̣ÿһԡ
ʱ䣬ȥһ䡣
˵ԱҪɷùΰһĹǶܸˣΰǳĴӢۣȷʵӦöúġ
ΰǸ߸һİ̺ۣԵһࡣڼʱʶƲԷԼŵˡ
ϱӶǼܶ౻ݵĲΰ֣Ų󷽵һҽܣԼҪɷԸ
ûŵΰǷݽŵ黺һ㣬ͷӴ緢ЦʵҲûɶɱڵʱҲȻҪ˰ɡ
òҵһϵģǵȻôˡ˼һתϸͬ־㿴ǳŮְǧǧͲҸ־ͬϵĸսѣǸ͵ˣʱҲӦΪԼҸһ£ңһ˿ġ
뵽ǸΪԼ¿Ĩΰԥһ˲Ӧˡ
Ĳɷãֽ˼¼
뷨:屨ﲻΰҲ԰Ӣ¼Ͷȥϣһطܰﵽ
°ൽңֻ򵥳˿ڷͻ˷䡣
д̨ǰ˼·ʼдӣǷʳģʲôʱķ䣬
ʱһƮ龫ŵǰζڻ
˳Ų̧ͷͼЦ⿴Լ
Сͬ־ˣʲôҪҷ𣿡
ʱ򣬶ǵͦİĦַԼļʾĦ
ӵվḧϾ磬Ǹַ߳˲泩
ʮۣܵ˸ΰ屨¡
ɤģţͬʱҲһ飬ҽԺо˰̵ҩ࣬оɹܰﵽһ㡣
ģͻȻתرУǡΰطܲҽԺ
طӶһͣдɻ
Ϊܷ¸ֻϹ࣬԰ùһ飬λҽ͸ҵġкܶطҲҽֻǼҰط㣬оһ£
еҽϱӵ⹫һҽ洫ҽǱһݵţֱ⹫ȥҽ鱻Ǽ̳УЩ˲Žͣ
ϲѧҽֻĹȴΪйĿıסݣһֱڱչУֱ
ϸ۲ķӦûԼĻЦ֪طöӦϷ
Ȼûӣӵ˵ҩҰɣҰ㿴
ΰͬ־лл㣡ͷ۾ģ貵Щ޷ֱӡ
Ӳڵһ˫һθļЦԵôлң
ҹɫŨǿ΢ĶаָʵС
л˵


20 
ڶϰ, õĸȥԼİ屨
屨ÿһǸµӡ
£תů, д屨Ҳûôˡ
΢΢ղɫ۱, ĹŰ, Ǹ·Χۡ
ƽʱզ屨Ĺ˶ͣ룬дɶ
Ű屨, ֪ԭдһΰӢ¾Ȼ¼
Ȼΰ˺˺£ȵĲ촬ĲƲ, ֮ǰû֪µľ
ͨ屨˽⵽ǳΣ, ΰΪȻ󶼻ˡҳӢ۵ͬʱ, δǡ, ߵΧȺԽԽ࡭
ǲԶ, ҲԱڸ°屨, ˼ôעĿ, С˵Ự, úÿǳ, дİ屨Ը⿴
, дٺãҲȲ˼
ѽͿԶһ屨, Щ湻ƫĵġ
ǵȴñӲ칤ĸӱˡߵʵǸո˵ʲôô, ˣ
ҿ, ӱûôˡ
Ƕݹʲô, Ҫڱй˵˵ɣš
ʼ˵ỰС׳ŵҲû˵ɶֻĽͬ־ƯôԸΧ
ǾܹעΪƯӱһָŶǿ屨˵ǳƯĹжǣûд֣ǲŽƯʱ䱧Թѧѧ˼ŵ㣬ͬʱΪɶ˼дĶܻӭ
ոջС²˵ˣΪҲ֪ȷʵй˵ĲŻ
ӱĬļˣЩɸ֣ǽܻᷢ⣬עһЩûõĵطŬˮƽĩи屨ѡϣܿǵŬ
ÿ궼һѡѡʤ߻ᱻ༭ϢԴ˻һ¥
д屨Ǯ¿е֪µġ༭ζſתʱʷһΪ˸õĸҪһԡ
ʱҽԺ칫ҡ
Ӷط˳˼
оȷǸ˰̵ķӡСǴõأ
ѵĳҽ͸ģ
òϺܣԸҲеġкܴࡣ
ȷͬһˡ
Ҳеһٲΰ룬ʵеĲ
ͨЩطȥշдһ绰
£绹ġ
ĩһ죬ѵ˯һĥ䵽𴲣ȴûԸ
ŵӣԺģΡ
·߳ݣͼ԰ֲˣ÷վԱЦǺǵô֡
˶֣˲𣡡Ƕ˱ȳһĴָòȫܡ
뵽칫Ǳ߲Ŀ⣬ûҶۡ
Ϊ˽Ͷͳ־Ϊöͷϵı
۵÷һ칷Ͻʶ뿪ٵǵݡ
һСʱ԰Ӷ˲ˡô࣬ϴˮڵģЩܲ
ϴˮڱﲻסЦʵǲлҪ˵
ôϵЦĸ첲˵ǵһۻͧԲιۣýϢȥ˵ҵһЩڰ屨ϡ
ﲻ˭ι۵ģȻҲҪһȥ
ûаٻ¥Ҳûй԰ӰԺǲֻССҪӵȻԥشӦֲ˵Ĺ߶ʰãط任·
ǵԺСС׷һ:һֻཱུĴè͸ˡ
ʱҴűƿСֶձС̹ˣȻų춮µĻ硣
翴Ҫŵӣ΢΢һʣǲҪŰ£
˾ɹҽԺС֪ҴŵܵȥҽԺϢֶֻյ˼棬ҾǾĵط
ڰǾ֮⣬Ҳûʲôطȥ
ǣǺܳϿҵǣҺҽҪȥιۻͧ벻ȥ
СֶղʲôֻҪܺ͡Ư衱һͺܸˣ̷»СסǵĴȣû粻ֱӡ
ÿкһΣҲ⣬ʵһֱιͧүү̫æû˻뷨ᣬȥġ
ӻ·ʱ㿴һһվŻֵܡ
漴ףĳΣݡ
ӼԺι۵ĵطﳵҪʮӡֻһгĸˣΪ˰ȫӾȥ
Ȼֱ߼·Ǽ·
ĩ˺ܶࡣ
߶ˣǽһֱδֹ
ֶյһʲô棬ǲúۼӿҪסˣһӵ죬ӽԼ³ͣˡ
˵ֶǡƯ衱Ǹүү׵Ĵϻ˿ϻĻҶ
һԿŵܵܵǱ߹һĨ޵Ц⡭
ܿ죬ڲι۵ظֻͣҪٲӾܿһѫۻͧ
ǺӶ˷ܣǰܣȸԾС񣬸ͷ޾Ļ
Ӹ۵ֻг硣
˿Ůټɰĺӣһˡ
ϪֶӺ￴һĻʱˡ
֮ǰû˵ǵɷǶУǴӱľģ֮ǰûн飬˭Ķ֪أ
ѹжǣԭǸҺ衭
Ϊ֤²⣬Ϫֶӳȥ
GɡҲι۵𣿡
Ϥö΢΢üת϶ϪżʵЦ˲ι۽ͧ¼˴롣
ͦɵģﶼ
Ϫ̬ȣһֻŪǲǸ˼ҵ裬·ֻԼġ
ʱӴŻֶվڲԶĦͧϪϸϸ˵ĳ࣬Ц:ɷǱߵݣ
ǻ֪Ѿˣش𣬱ֶճԼߴƯȥ
СֲرϪˡ衱֣ЦЦؿǣ˱仯Ǻأȥæɣǵȼˡ
Ҳúίߣ㳯ֶȥûԼͻֵܵĹϵ
ϪȥıӰ̲סͳ
޸ڵľҽǸ˵裿µһӵͷ£Ǹɵӡ
ǶԷ̫վڼװϽ磬ʹӣҲûܻ⡣
Ӽ״Ϊϣĵ:̫ˣǲˣȥɡ
ҡҡͷƻǵ£һѱСֶգЦ粻ˣҲпʲôˣҲҪҲ˵
¶һ״ֻÿɰˣʱǲ֪ǣоҽԺ˺
л˵
Թһ:ǶУȫҶǶУ

СɰǣΪϼӣʱʮһ㣬˯Ҫȹ



21 ճ
Ӳι۵ػ, СѶܸˣǻ磬дδ
ǴӦ, ůһЩȥιۣȻӰͻ˾ס
С, ӭ΢·, 鶼⡣
鵽ŨʱĹ˹˵, ϲߵӡ
ӶסŲͷոջ϶һĨǳǳЦ⡣
ȥ߿֪һطƯ
䣿»ɶס, ϱһֱܿ죬ûճ, ôõĻ, Ȼ뿴
, ô֪Ư
ô, ҲֻǰѼԺĶŪˡ
żְŰ, Ǹȥ˾ԺԶĺɽ
ɽ, ȴܶ͡
Һ촩һ˫̽Ь, ÿһúƽ, ټһֱǣ, Խµ·ûô¡
ɽϳһЩֲȥͱڣĴʯ, ʮ׳ۡ
ǲָߣܻáӿĺ, Ծʣ˵ѹ۲ص㣿
, Ƕ˵￴ճԽ, ǵĵȻ΢
֪ôһط羰Ҳðա
ϲھͻȥ
ΪԼˣæͦظʾˣ߰ɣƯ´ճ
֮£ֻܽٽߡ
ĺһ˿⣬˵ɽӵһңʣȴɫ̫Ⱦϼٽһˮƽ桭
ȴɽɫѾˡ
ûʲôĿԺŮƽڴпģȺ湻ˣһؼҡ
ǺӴﾭʱעĿ
ҿһͦϡģ֮ǰ˶ΪԷ޸һ㣬ȴһ˵ܰᵽˡ
ǮҲЩ˵УΪֻһǽھӣĽǣҵɷ򲻽ڣر𰮸ɻλԼӶϴҪ
Ҫ˵Ǻ˶õģ
ʱǻ֪Լڱдˡϱıǩ
ôˣò΢ЦǴк
ڲЦʱԵúϣټǶԾҽְҵһ־ηҶֻǺͶ˵û˸Һ˴
ǮҼɫˣ뵽ԼºͶ˵վһߣСǣȥˣء
䣬ҽ㣬ɶ£
ھӣƽʱ̧ͷͷǶλھӵӡ󻹲
ҲɶҪ£ĩǼԺһһεĲ軰ᣬ㵽ʱпղμӲ
ֲ軰ᣬֻǺȲ죬ֲСҪԺμӲ軰ز١
˶ĵطǷǣǶ軰ͦģ뵽ܳԵϣ̱ʾԼȥ
ǮҼӦʹ죬ܸˣУʱһȥ
˫󣬶ӵߣȤ㿴Ҷæƽʱϰ࣬Ҫȥμֲ軰ᣬǲӦøлң
ţлл㡣ʵԲòμӡ
ӵҪַʽάϵ˼ʹϵҲһ㣬֣飬װȻذڰ֣ʾԼ㲻Ը⣬ҲΪȥ
ӰĨ￴ֻ˵Լš
һ졣
Ǹϰ࣬ͼΰվڰ칫⣬ڵˡ
Ҳˣǰк
ΰԭ¶һĨЦ
ͬ־ãġ
ң۾⡣
屨ѳ컹֮ǰΰһֱǸߵˣʵ벻Լʲô£
ţлл㡣
˵ţΰһŵöǸͷԡ
ֻΪӢ¼Ҳòôɣ
ţΰĻ˻
ԭڰ屨ĵڶ죬ϼ쵼͸䷢˽״֮ģŮͬ־ıš
ĿǰλŮͬ־Ѿ棬ȷϵһк˶ǶǸģԽٰСʱӱʾл
ûı۾ϹˣôõĹͬ־ллİ
һҲˣ˲òֻںһܿɹ£Ҳ˵Լİ屨ܰﵽˡ
ܿġ
ͬʱʼѰһزġ
ʳаԾۼĵطΪҵزģǺǮ³ʱһֱʳĶûȥ
ϧزûҵԵ١
£ֻܷѰزĵķȹԹԳ緹
ΪʲôҸزôأǰеˣûʲôʳ
Ǯ¼״ֻܸûϵһ屨üû׼زأ
룬Ҳ㲻Ѱˡ
ʱǮҧſȻ˵ˣСǣæ𣿡
˵ʲô£̧ͷе㷴
Ȼ˿̵Ǯѵ¶һĨߣµǸҼҸҽһ󣬿Ƭ˻Уĩ棬÷̰𣿾͸Ǽɫ黨һʽľС
Ϊ˷һ촩ĳ÷ģʽǶԼƵġ
ֻСæԥشӦˡ
軹£ҪҪҲһ
ѷֶƷֻĵߣǽܲˣֻԼ취Һµ޲ŲǷ
һֺ£Ǯµ۾ˣʲôģҿ촩𣿡
˵ţ¿ӾƣĿڴ֮ͥ¶Լֶţ
ЦһֱϰŰ緹ꡭ
죬һֱڻŬزģ°Ҳڷ￴촬ľɱֻֽ˵ɱֽ׿ҵԼҪдĶ
Ҫʱֻ顱һ죬֪˭ʯҵĺ󴰻
ҿܽʵû뵽ָļܺӸɵĻ£ǲѪӿıֽ򿪺󴰻ѵܺӣͼۿڽСС忴ſġ
Ǽ䣬ˡ
ֶյɵ⺢ӵĹ졣
ôˣǲǳʲô£
綨ؿ:Լжá
л˵
е㿨ĸĲ࣬лֹ֧
ǰµһ죬ԣÿ˫͸ҷзݣȡ
ףԼ



22 
Ȼ⺢ӻķʽ, ˵֪
뵽ԼҴҲûߣ̽ӣСذȥ, ɵڽĻС˵𶯰Ҫ, ײ㣡
˵, һԾȥ
Һӻ, ǳãôΣյĶ, Ҳڡ
û뵽ССһֱסˡ
˵ǰ, 㡣
ǿ˼, ۾С, Ϊ, , ԺҲˡ
ûܡûҶ, ոջܻҰ, ľٶɢ˴롣
Ǽҵĺ󴰻һС·, ֱͨߡ
ָ·, ȥתתɣ񼸿Ưʯͷ͸ֶգ
ûԼôˣʱ˿, ޱصͷʵϲȥġ
, һһС, ̤ȥߵ·
Ϊʱĺ߻Ǻķ羰, ɳ̲û˹ɼʯͷɳŵġ
мСϷ֡
ǸĺӣչСֶգͬһ档
һ㶼ֻ֣ʲôû
Ϊ֪ڵĻԼСʱ񡪡ûů̫ߣͶʣԸ᳤ǵ˵̡
ˣҪֻѣǸԴĳ
ǼװͷʯͷûңȴҵüƯʯͷ
磬쿴ƯҲСֶһϲ
Ϊ£粢ûң̧ͷ㿴ǼԲʯͷȷʵƯ
߹ȥ߶ҲΧʯͷ
ܿ죬һůɫŲƵƯʯͷ֣۵ڶһ˿Цģ
ƯһҾҵôƯġ
ĿޣҵʯͷȷԼĶÿ
ǵһܵߵغȻſֻʯͷС֣˵͸㣬ٸұġ
Ը⿪˵ˣЦùʯͷʾлۼߵɫò취һ¡
ʯͷòˣھͻȥɡ
绹ԥҪҪѰҪߣЩ
ԸʹȻپᣬҲû˵ԼĿġ
Ǽ״ֻܵȻȥ·ٱһ¡
쵽ſڵʱȻסŲת˵:Сѣ֪дĸ֡Ʋ֡ٸһλᣬԸԸôˣ
һֻСճȭͷĬ˰Σڻ˵Լ󣬡Сǽ㣬æѧУҼҳ
Խ˵ԽСǻˣΪʲôѽͬѧˣ
ʵʵǣΪʲôȥճЩԱأ
Ӧʲô֮ûʡ
Ȳ˵𣿵֪ˡ
Ϊѣû׷ȥ
ǺðɣȥѧУҪ֤Ժ¾˵Ҫܱ
ôʹӦˣѵ¶һЦݣţ˵㣬ѧУſڵ㡣
ãһΪ
󣬲ŷֿ
ոմӼҳǷߵģǵȻٷȥ
Żǿʯͷҡڵ߽Ժӡ
ֻû߼·͸ܵǿ
ʱûӦô£̧кôվԺﰡ𣿡
Ůûûεӣ÷һѲϲ£ϵɶȥˣզȥģҺ죬Ϊ㱻²أ
ȻţȷʵļҰ졣
ʱŷӦϷ󴰻ţǲ̫Ծ
еӳǽζ
ʶؿӣö˫̶ӣôġ
Ҹոպͻȥ˺ߣǸ˵ˡ
÷ݺݵһۣȻ£㶼ôˣһզƵûΣ´ңҾͰѺ󴰻ľ
ʱһֱֳĬڿ˿ڣСǣġ
ĸŮ˶һۣǹԹԸȥˡ
֪ԼǷǣü˳ڿرߣӡ
ոǴӺ󴰻ȥģ
ķѹܵͣǵͷţʱûôࡣ
룬е㶪ˡ
ϾǸ˲Сӣʵ̫ˣ
ûôһˤô죿һô죿˭ûߣһô죿
˵һɼˡһӳ⣬پҲ
˽ۿװѶסˡ
ԭֻСһ˸Ūˣʶ˰ѷ¿úء
:ǲе̫ˣ
Ϊ˰˺ãֻʹɱﵡһϣ˫ʣոǲŻˣٰˣ󡣲һްɣԺһӣΪð
˵ţͷĥıǼϢ̲֮סᣬþȫűס侲
ں̸̬ܲܶȣ
̬ͦǰβı૵ľͰǸô
Ļ䣬ͼӱþˡ
ٹ䣬ȴֳź׺ݺ˴
һҹˮĽ
¼Ƿƪˡ
ڶϰ˵㣬ƣӣԼ«έСѧſڡ
ѵڿһ̣ƽ޲۾һ˿⡣
ʱѧϿεʱ򣬿տĲٳûʲôˣŶȥʦ칫ҡ
·ϣɫʵܸҲܰﵽ㡣
ٴγĬֱҪ߽칫ǰ˵
ҰͬѧҧˣʦҼҳ
ǺܾȣΪʲôҧ
һΣûش
߽칫ңİʦ˲׳ߵĹԱ¶һĨɻ󣬡ʣλ
ʦҪҼҳϽشС̣¾͸˵ɡ
뵽˾Ŀǰ״ȷʵв̽ףʦûˡ
ҽ»ҧ˵£ҧĺӸ첲ѪˣڼΪҳǲǸôȥһ£ǸѧͼҳǸ
ûŪԵɾ͵ǸⲻǶǵİ·촽ñȽίĴʻʵʦܸΪʲô𣿷¶³ҾҼһ粻Ե޹ҧˡԣһȥǸ
ʦգգۣû뵽ô˵
ǰܻճĺԱĹͷһ
ֻһǸܰŮôô¶
ԭǣҧˣѾһҧˡ
紹ͷվһĪֹ¶УšüķСҧ˶ԭ򣬸οǸĺӣôԵ޹ҧˣ첻һĽͣǲǸġ
ʦеȡ֣ǰҧ˰ȫѧ֪ѵҪѧһ𣿡
ҲǲУ鷳ʦһɡֲεʦҲЦǱҧͬѧǣΪʲôҧֻҧǣ
л˵
¸Ͼŵ֮ǰͣ



23 ûӵ
ֻ, ȴ̸ڶСѧ꼶
һ㣬ͶϱӺ
Ƕʱûٰͬͬѧ۸, űԼǰŪ, ûм˹ػ, ֻĬĬܣֱ޿̲ѡ񷴻
, ޿ˡ
ʦǲڿЦɫøѿ, ׳ҲҶ˵ʲô
ʦʲôʱȥңսپ, ˻ϿΡ
Ͷ, ѧǶѧϰ
¿λʮʱ, Ϊ˷ֹκܵµѧ, Ǵߴ, ʦǰȥȺ
˵, ʦ밤鶼, ľһ, ˾һҪȥҷ, ʱúø˾˵˵ͻȻðݡ
¿߽һĽҡʦϽ̨÷۱ʲʹúڰ, ˵ͬѧǣ¿ζȱ, ʦռüʱһЩ£վŮվұ, ڿʼж
ʮѧһ, ڿʦĻʱֶ˼Ȼ
ʮһ꿴¶ͣʵܶණǶġ
ʱǺȻ߳ԼĽ飬ʦְɣҧĺվߣûҧվұߣһĿȻǸã
ʦһĿڷƣҲַַͬ
£ѧǵķվٶҪȸո࣬мͬѧʼͷӶ
Ǽ״ֻǴߴʦǼӿٶĥȥҪһڿˡ
С̣żǻֻǺӣжһҲ
ֹӣŶŷֺá
ҧŶǵĿ⣬Ŷͦɡ
ʦߵǰϴЦ:˵˵֮ǰҧ˵ľλŮͬ־ǻˣ֪ʱʲôģ
ԼͬرֳĬʦΪǺ»ıʵʵ˵Уһкʦǵš
ı֤ик֣˵ҧΪһҲСĶ鱾ҶǸˣҧҡ
˳ˣкҲ׷ױʾ֮ǰֻǷһС¾ͱҧˣί
ʦѯʹǣǱ·˵:㿴ɣǸҧ˵ĺӡ
ǸȻӣת磬أùҡ
粻֪ҪǹԹ԰ϵľɫ˹ȥǽӹҳ鱾ʦ棬ʼ
ԽɫԽڣĳһҳŵʦƤӵ¡
㿴ɣּӦʶɣλͬѧ˵ģֻǲСĶ鱾
ʦ飬ֺ˲ɫ˺üҳǲĿĴʾ޵ݡ
ȻֶܶѾƤˣӡڣһ˱а̺ۡ
С̣ԲĲ֪
뵽翴Щ˺Ǻ޲һ١ʱȫΪʦ˳ۣǸӦòһˣѵĺ޲
ʲôɨǡ˸ĸүүֻôԺһС˵
үүմӹŹһȦúôүүпЩԼǸˣ
Ǳҧã
ʦ֪æΪԼ⣬û֪ôŻ簤۸
˵꣬кһʹļף˭ɵģ˵ȫзݣôô
Ӽ¶ȫż֨ˡ
СǾͲϲ˰೤ĵһ͸ӡ
ֻߣÿҲʦĻ۽𾦣ȴûɹ
ۼҪϿǲ׷ŹЩˣ֣ʦͨ뺣鱾дЩһģһ֮ڵУҪУһһǴϢԸ
˵꣬Ż˽ҡ
ʦ׷ֲ֪׷ϸô죿ֱţֻȥУ˵˵¡
ѧУţǵȻûЦģԴĻ磬Щɸֵô˵㣬ΪʲôүүĲı龯Աôţôģ
С̧ͷôůǶǱҵˣҲ鷳ǡ
ؿ챻СԻ·Цˣεͷ˵үүҲҪԺԼ֪𣿡
գһ½ëȻͷ˾
Ŀǰ״ǲˡ׼ȥҽԺһˡ
Ӹ˾Ӧú˾죬Ҫ˼Լٳ治̫ʡ
û˾ԴԼ˺ͻ˽棬ȻĳƢ˾
ҽԺʱӻڸ칫ҵŰֱһϸϵţ̲סЦ
һԿ¶һĪı顣ڰ칫ҵĵȴʱű죬˫۾ӣһ
֣ͶϪ
΢΢üòʵ£
֣ò׹ڿһ̣˲ˣСĽ¶ӣҽѯ¡
Ƕ֣ӡ̣ϴǽεεĿ·ڶ߻صû뵽ŮϴαԼײ
ڣԹһ
֣ԾΣҲٴȥϪﲻߣеǨŭǺһߣã
ϪŻع񣬲ŭ⣬Һһ߰ɡ
˵ţתͷǸ
ϪǸ˼ܶˣز֣Զǵķ
ϴλͨʶǣո˵ĻɿкøУ
ѵ֣˶Ƕɷ
Ϊ˸ҽԺϪ̽ոǸСкͦ÷ģľͺˡ
֣üһʱ֮ûŪ˼˵ĸСк
ǺһǸ÷Ķӡ
֣¶һѾı飬ǳţԽõĸжôˡ
㲻ʶС˭
Ϫַ̽Ӧʶʣ˭÷Ķ𣿡
ûӵ˾нҲ״֣ȻٺѣֻԼҲûӣƲһۣΪΪѵһ⡣
Ǿ˾ӣأһ֪࣬𣿡


24 ʼ
ڰ칫һСʱ, ŰӵȻ
״ӣ˱ͦʹװһʡÿο, ̲סĶ
ԼǸƷء
ӿû̫⣬֪ӽҪȥѧУġ
, ӦѧУǱߵ̫롣
Ȼ, һӣǿʼѧУ﷢һ, ĩ˻λʦĲΪ
ȥ׳æ˵һҼ治̫ʡ
ɨһ۹ԹԱߵĻ磬ӵͷӦʵ:, ڴȥڰ칫ҵһ
ôʹӦ, Ĺ˹ָ, һñʾл
Ż, ĸʲôӦ, Ŷһ, ϽŻ¥ˡ
סԺڶ¥, ׳סĲһʮСʱоԱء
Ա, Ӿ˾
ߵϤǰ, Ȼͣס˽Ų, 촽ͷٳûȥšӼ״ļο:ΪӺ, ԺҪණ˾ǰ, ϻ
̧ͷ, ˵ԼĽ, ӺֻȭͷҧˣĴ򲻹ǣүү᲻ң
ͷһЦҧҲһսⲻˡǿ׳ˣͿȭͷ⣬Ǳȭͷӽġ
Ļ䣬Աһ䳰ȷشҽǴأҲԣֵòȻļһҲֻС
üȥǸһ׾ţĿľ١
ǽ
蹷òţûָ
״ڵķɫӺڳˡ
վ󣬽ӵĺףϬΪǲҲûټơ
ܿ죬ű򿪣˼˽ȥ
죬˾״̬һ۵һĨ
ǿ˼񣬽͵ҺǴӲġ
˵꣬ɫŵϣҰǰӽʡģ֪ͰڼζҸϽ͹
˾ڴߣϹЦ⣬лл㸸ףˡ
ţӺԼӣʣӣģǲʲô£
ͨ¼㱨֪ʱ䣬Լܰؼܣ뵽ûʲô飬Ҳûֹ
ǰû취ѻ˵ɨһ۽˼ʮԡ
ɽȴԼøʹˡòò
ϺúϢȻȥˡ
ţá˾ͷҲû
ֱֻʣԼˣүӲſڣǲǻѧУǻˣ
Ȼѧӣô
үүɣ粻ֻ֨۰Ͱ͵ӣϣԼ͡
뵽˸նҪϢӰľص㣬һ顣
ºֲָܵ¶ԻӰܴȻ̺ܸߣվǸ꺢ӣϣ׳⽫ڡ
Լӱ۸ԣѹǼٵġ˾ӣٿ磬:үǽзҽȷʵǸġԼҲŬŬȻԼӵĽû׼ͻԼˡ
ͨһ㣬Цʮϣӣлл㡣İɣֻʣˣί˭Ҳίǵġ
õ֤ڷǣ˾ʵͽûͺã費Ҫҵмˣ
ؽҵֵ÷з˵˾֪ӿЦһܾ׳ĺ⡣
Ϊ֪㽯ԸͺãҲǳĵġ
ӴӲص칫ʱԸоĵѹ
ΪǻǱ߳ʲô⣬߹ȥʣôˣǲүүˣ
ǽС̲סԴףүүأġ
ҿûãȻҲӱ۸˶֪ţ˿ͬʱЩɻ󣬡ôˣֵֹġ
Ͼƽʱµģٻ¶һı顣
뵽֪ԼЩ£ӸϷ͵üģĬò˵ҸոһˣһЩ£鲻̫á
ʮϵʣʲô°ܺ˵˵𣿡
˲ϣؼҵĳ¡
Сʱүү߳ģĸһֱعٻؼң͸ĸĸҲûô
ʮʱĸȥ׳ҲһֱûȢޡ
ֱ˽С̣һһȫð
տʼظԽСʵûŮ֮飬ܲסŮ׷иɴС̿꣬ظ
һ⵽˵ķԣԭ:ʮ꣬Сһ使ôܼ޸У
ųѽˣɻȴǲΣɹ
С衣ظعŰ壬ܲ󻹺˹˾ܡ
ҽǣڽĵ꣬С̻ˡ
ظǸطܹˣûŭɽңԼñӡСַ˵⺢ؼҵġ
ֵòɿʱⷢˣһȼյĴȥ˵
ĸװУһ𣬿ాü御
Դ֮󣬽ÿӶⲻ˶䳰ȷ
²Щܾ꣬º벻Ķġ
Ҳԭļ䣬ٲֱˡ
ἸҲͲ˼
ɫǲ֪ôο
˰˵:°࣬ȥгϺҸʴͣ
˵ܽš
֪ǸԵģųԣЦã°ȥ򡣡
ֻϣһֱǵľͺܺá
Ǳ˹ǹҩ£Ҫ𣿡
֮ǰѾȫȨӴҪҽҩһϲͨԲϹ͡
Ϣһ𣬡̫ˣ滹ˣҲñ֪ҩҵġ
ǸеԽ͵ԽãֻһĬĬĸţǸߵİӡ
Ҳģûٶʣֻ˵нͻһʱ
ɵڶ˫Ϊû̸£׮ײû˳ɡ
ǵҪܼ򵥣ҪǮֻҪɶԷȴǮһϡ
־Ľ棬ڳŵһǮ֮⣬һھзضεĺԺ
ͷֵǮȴ˻ˡںĺԺǿۡ
ֹһҩܻĺԺʲôֱӮˡ
ֻּð룬ͱˡ
Ҫô෿ûãҪ͵£ؼҵ԰סһĺԺһܱסط
뷢¸ǵȿ￪ź׵㡣
ӼһʲƵǮҩζͬġ
ӴǩһֽЭ飬ںҪԻ˾С
ͷЩᣬһ죬ΪԹϧҿҪˣȻҲܺһؾǣ·Ҫעⰲȫ˼Ҫǵøҷ籨үүʺá
ţһġüۣû뿪Ѿʼˡ
л˵


25 軰
ͷ, ǵ̫ǣϰĳԼߣͻȻǸʧ, ܸоġ
÷̤һ߹ȥһƨԱʣ, ʲôеˡ
÷תͷ, Цˣ, ˼Ӹߣųԡ
Ǿί, ŪϵĲϣΪԼСΪ鲻ѲŶ, ûֻųԡ
ǵ, е㷢, ÷һ, ûټ, ùһԱߵӵݸ
μӲ軰·, , Һץġ
Ǵó·, һϲ, ôͺ
νǧƨ÷üЦĩ, ܲȥɡ
·õĲϣ˴Ӿд, ʵ͸, ɫҲ, رķɫ
ǰһ·Ϻʮ⣬÷Ҳúá
ڶһ磬Ǳ㴩·Ǯȥ˲軰ᡣ
·ϣǮҴ֦չĴһòͬ
ȻҽʺܸߣҲʡŵ㻨ɣ
ԼǮԾĵ˵СǣǮףûӲãȽޣǻǮĵطˣɲϹǮ
һֱԼ·ƣ˲˼ֻǾЩЦ
ҽ㣬ԼҲʣﲻȫǻ˵Ǯϵ·˵һǮģֹģ·ֱ׳ҿɲϹǮҾŮⱲӣӦðԼβǼˡ
ǮЩһ뷴ִϸƷƷ־úе
ʮ꣬ӣһֱΪͥͣŪԼݹûУһǮҪ˵ɫ
ӶСòҲûϵֻҪӸԼ׽һжֵˡ
ڿʼûĻû£ɶҲɶɵɷ򣬷ܵ˺ǵء
Сǣ㽫ҪӰѵ㲻Ǯ𣿡
ǮΪֻʲôŵۣȴǺ˼
һ˵ֻһΣܻνǮǮûǮͲܡ
ǮҺȻۣսͲ˵ˡ
Ҳֵö徲
軰ڼԺϱߵһƬյϣÿһСʣëྻİ׿ˮ
࣬ЩԵĶǴԷģΪ˲μӲ軰ᣬҲԼСɡ
ƽȵɲͬըģըʱ򻹷ζĵϣɲִ࣬ζر㡣
μӲ軰жʮˣÿ˲ֵܷһ
˳Сɣ̲ס޵Ҳ̫óˣСͬ־˵˵ô𣿡
û˽ˣһҪըոջ̵˲䲻ˣ:Сϱ治ӡ
ΪˣյԸĹػ촬ܶ˶⡣
ɷϰôæٳȥչ˼𣿡
ѽǻûӣ˺ӣضҪؼͥ
ЩУҲвͬ
˭˵Ů˾ͱڼչ˺ӵģ˼ϯ˵ˣŮܶ죡Ƕˣ˶
ɲǣԼйöʵڼҴţ˶ɵˣ
û뵽ΪԼúõĲ軰ͻȻ˱ۻᡣ
˫۲ݣ˭ͬ˭
Ǹıķ˳ֹⳡۡ
ҾһΪ˻ѧϰҪȡ˳̴ڸڧ𣿡
ıķлȨ⻰˭Ҳˡ
ʱλ˿ǣ˵Сͬ־£ǶֱӣԺҪμӲ軰ᡣ
΢΢һЦ˵Լһ㶼£ֻǺ룬´˵ʲôˡ
Ļⶼģûİšֱ軰ɢˣڻجج״̬
ǮΪǱոǰŮ˸ŵˣæ˵οƽʱǣ̳ܲģֽϻ
ţллҽ㡣뵽ոյĲ軰ᣬǻе㲻ģ֮ǰ軰ᣬĵҲǽ𣿡
ѽȻɶܸܲ쵼ϱЩҳ̰ɣ
ǣ
ŷԼѲ軰ˡ
һ£ڼԺˡ
֮ǰ֪˭ֶһܼҡ
ܶ಻˶ͬӣôһϱһúܲҸ飡
Щԣǻ֪ûӵÿ춼ͻ绹Сֶջһ
ѧУ¼飬ѾĸܺΪ۸ͬѧȫУд֡ǸʦҲ±˰εְ񡣻粻Ǹ༶飬ֱһ꼶ھͶСѧ꼶
º֮ǰЦһ㡣
˵¶ӰԿԺƬյĵȴ
һεӰף˱ûҪ磬õԵġ
СֶսڶǻܲӦôΧһ𣬵ֺ뿴ӰСԹʱʱ죬رȡ
̲סཱུСϰһڣȻﶼǴԺˣ£Һ͸綼ء
ô˵СֶձסСһ˿ɶգգĴ۾˽Ư裬Ӱȥס𣿡
ǾһʱԶԡ
Ӻܺ棬ֻһǾûģչһҹɾʹˡ
ҪԭǣûôӦ꺢ӵļɹ
죬ΪѣϽֹܵܵĵôߡ
үүҹôүүȥС
СֶɵŻѾ㹻ˣֵֻҲߣҪƯ裡
עĿ⡣Ǹܵ˵Ĵֻǿװ
ʱȺһˣߴͣһ˫һЦ⣬ְ㼡Ľ
˵棬ߵСֶǰڵ¶һŽ׵ݣɿ˵ûȴͦǷᣬСզ޵ģ˷ˣ
˷ӡ̧ɫһ䣬λͬ־ú˵ͱ죬ȻѬ˾̫ûйˡ
һüĹֻΪ˾ҵСķƢġ
Ѿͷô˵أ֪˭
ǿװϵĸٿӵ̬ȣ֪˵ݲ̫򵥡
ֺʲôϵأ
˵˷ӣͺǷѵ
Ҳ֪˭ֻ֪㵲ǿӰˣ鷳ÿ
Ļ䣬ǰĻ˼ĵƹ£ɫȻǸǵġ


26 һղ
˸Ӹ, ܶȺҲӰˣܿһԹ
ӣ˻, ȻһƨڻСϡ
ҲûùǺ
СӶ۸, ʲôšǶ˼䷴, ԱŲŲһξ롣
ܵƯ豧, Լȴֻܱţܲס, 壬ܷſ𣿻аѰʻ, Ҫˣ
Цؿ, Ȼû, ſҲ, , ܵСѾͷ˭ҵСķ
С, ǵĶ, תͷشɵ, ҲǱķ, ڡ
˵ֶ꣬վСȥ˱ĵط
״òҧ, ǰԼ£費Ǳķ, ſңȻҸ壡
ᵽ, ˲ƤЦı, ͬʱҲſ
ôѵһһࡣ
ΪԼӵ£С֪ˣɻô˵ֻΪӵϱˣ״
ڴţƤô˵СʶҪˣϽȥ˶Ǳߡ
ǲԶϪĬĬһУѱŵݷŻֶӣ±ԼĴڡ
СֶӸܵʵСôˣǲǸðˣ
ϪҡҡͷȫǸոսͶǵĻ
뿴ģȴôͷˡ
ʶսȴѻֶŪˣСۣɿң
ĿöϪعס죬˵Բ߿
Էûз
ֻΣԶ֪˴˵ݡ
ھĳԺ
һˮڽ⻨Ĳɡ
ӿ·һĻ̱ðϵģ㽽ʲôڼҴס͸ϽʰǺȥ
ͣ¶:Ҳغû껹߲ˡ
򱡴ٴӵҲ֪ôˣ˯û˯
˰ûֱɳ˵ҪǰǼ軨˾͵ǮûǮ⣬͸ȥԲҡ
үӻŰԼؾУΪΣ⻨ˣôģҲôİɣ
ү̲סЦֹ˭㲻ϱ㿴Ƕˡ
СиѲȳϦһ
ǿˣСӶԼæϱϲòУһҲ񵱳ôǿ
СҸҲŸˣܻܲؾҲͱòôҪˡ
ʲô֮߰ǰȥϸأһˡ
ţá
Ϊظٻ飬ĸķزûһ𣬽С̵ķҲûظһ𣬽ͷظȻ¼ҹˣĶûС
Упȥ⹫ҿȻǼͦŵ⹫á
ţһȥġ
뵽⹫һӣеͷۡ
ůǿʼæµˡ
ΪҵõزĲμѡԵú١
Ǯ¼ô࣬ˮ󼦵Ӫ
ǽӹܸжͬʱЩϴ׵Ľô
˵Ǯһķ߷߲ƽǸ׶ģģʵǸ廨ͷҸȥɢиС˶ңҰСġ
ҲӾأ
ᣡں߳ģ˭Ἰ¹ٰǵС˾ġ
Ǹ͵صͷԼҪҪҲѧϰһӾϾǺһȻֺҲԾȡ
ûطӾֻܵ˻᲻᣿
뵽˷ֿа֮ãһˡ
Ǯ¼ĸ첲ʣʲôţǲأ
µĶЩ˼ʸڷϣȻûУ빤ϵ¡
ᵽ̲ס̾
֪ѹǮ¸Ͻתƻ⣬Gˣ÷´ſ𣿻ұһһĳ÷п𣿡
Ϊûкò÷죬÷˺üЩҲһһЩлš
ӴԺҪ֤ܽ˽ǽӵĻǼԺġ
ﲻȱǮǲ̫ܾ࣬˺ü߻ǮĺѣӻҪġ
û⣬Ѳùɡ
һæȥˡ
ڰ칫סڴתת˳С
·ʪĿǴ󺣵ζһ㡣
̧ͷŷԼ֪ߵʳá
ʳúڲ⣬ϰٽ⣬Ǹ󹤳̡
߹ȥһ߸ɻһͦ֡
ʦ۹¸㷢Ǯȫˣڷ˵ǲɵ
ǸʦˣŲ˵ûͣһ˫ţ۵ɴ˵˭ɵأҵǮզզ
֪ǸƢģֻСֹɵҲ˵ǮȢϱ˼ҵĺӵǼ߰˸
ǰһܾԼҪҵĹ¡
ûǰת뿪ˡ
һϸȷԼҪҵزģ
ڶ죬ͬʱ䣬ʳúǰǴк
ƽ޹ʶһƯ˶һɻ
Сͬ־ˣⲻ֣ҪȥʳƾƱ졣
ԼͼЦŽ͵Ҳģλʦġ
ңʦͣ¶ĨһѶͷϵĺǰĹӡ
ΪöŷԼֱͦ壬صӡ󣬡ãӵĶǣɷ
ɷң
ɷ
˲Լͬȳ
ԣʲôʱʱ䣿ڷҲһ߸ɻһġ
ó׼õıͱʣ̬ȹġ
ʦֵţۣϵСϹңɶɲɷõģй㻹ȥɷó
ôԷƱˣϹսľˣֻһֵñɷãϣܸһλᡣ
һҲʱǻʦʹӦ£ҪǲⱻʣشҲССҪңҶҵһ
գգۣ취ҲǲС
ȥȥȥңʦ˸ϵһߣ̬ͣھһܲɷɶ㲻㣿ŵζ಻ࣿ
ʦ֪ҲɷĲԸ⣬ҲɷλʦҲС
ԶԶԣɷң
һһͣʦ˫ֲòᣬ˵˵ҪզɷãɶĻܵʰɡ
Ӧˣ¶һĨϲ
УĻҵģԲᵢġ
ĲɷãʦܲͷҲһһش⡣
¼ţΪĹ¶жֱ°࣬Գӯһů
ϦȾʣһô£Ӵһɫľװ糾͵վ߳ŵСӣƽʱ˪жһĨ顭
л˵


27 ʧ
ҲϬ, Ҳ
ʮ첻ĵһӦ:˺ˡ
˱ͽ鲻ãֺȻôʱ, ǶһİС
Ϊذ鷢𵽶ڵسȥ
ʲôʱѽôûǰ籨
Ż, ˡ, ۵׵ȴˡ
ǲ֮ӣֻܰ߷ŵ𴦡
ʱ, ءһ죬Ѱȥ, Ǵӵġ
һġءæ쳤Ӵյһ, ֻϷһиǵ, ұýʵ
ӷ϶пԿһֻСè, ոյĽġ
С, Сèʣѽˣ
ϲ, , ̼ҵè, ´, Ҵĸ, СŶԣ̱͸ˡ
㲻һ·𳵰ɣúÿɰ۾ԲǿеӪµè̡
ġΪջ, ӵһκƤһϵ˳糵
ͬ־, ˣΪһֻСè, ոǵİѾʧ, αסӣϲý
ؼ֪𣿡
ûȥֱ
Ϧ£˲УӰʱһ𣬽нԶ
صңǵһʱӣСè˳
СһԲԲĴ۾ûбֵö຦£ҲûֻؿŶǣ۵Сۡ
ëɫٻƵģŵ˵ģرɰ
»ӦӦָʹӰӷڽԱʱеط㡣
ȻΪ׼һˮ
˫ẹ̀ʣ˵ôôݰԺСɣһֺ
СèĻŴ͡ءһǴӦˡ
ǵĻ̲סЦʲô֣
֮ǰʲô֣
Сġ
СԹϣֻԵ
Ƕżģټġ
ۼҹӽнնգֻСɰͽнԪɡ
ӲӵСһôϲ졣
:ãġ
һҹñطⲻһûû
֮󣬶ſ֮ϣֻһź׵ĸ첲¶ڱ⡣
ͬ־ʱˡ
˫ַϸĶĥʱ򻹽ͬ־
ǽʲôװģ磿壿
Цţ΢Ƶɤ⼸ʽе˸
ֻ˲սԼУ磬ÿһ㶼ţ
˵ţһֿʼһֵս
ʵʱͻúܿ죬ת۾͵˰屨ȵһ졣
ʦı׼ˡϰĵһ£ǰƺõĸԭⲻؿڰ屨ϡ
칫Ҳ½óݸ峯İ屨ȥ
쵼ʮһ㣬ֻҪʮһ֮ǰѰ屨дС
Ǵ򿪿Ҫҵȥд屨˰ÿһ䣬ûҵǼҳֽ
ǵã糿Ӽҳʱĸڡ
ôûأ
ͷûмؿɲ飬ǽšüģʼÿһϸڡ
Ǯ¼Ҷˣֻվɵţæ߹ĵôˣİĥȥ屨ɾ鷳ˡ
̧ͻ⣺Ҹˡ
ʲôˣǮһ𾪣㻹ǵд𣿡
˵ԼĸӱضǾǧöģǲסٷְ٣Ҳܼסʮɽȣϼ쵼ֹҪ屨ҲҪֽʸӵˮƽ
дӣд屨ˡ
ǮµĽ侲࣬ϵֽͱʣǮ˵£ܰԲһҽˡ
Ҫ£Ǯ²ŵд
ţ֮ǰĸӶֻҪдһݾС
ֻ˷һЩʱ䣬һлü
ôţǮ˿ϽȥԲ棬ϣܾһౡ֮
ʱڸ屨
ԱдԼİ屨˷ֶǱ߳ٳٲӰʱǶʮԺ
Gأμˣ
˭֪أμӻãǻٸ֡
ȹغˣ˶˽ġ
Ǳˣдɣһ쵼Ǹˣ
ܿ죬ǵĿڰ屨ϣ˭Ҳûἰǡ
ھʮһ㻹аСʱʱ򣬶ڳˡ
ʱѾдԼ򣬼ڲ׷ױ˹ġ
ʱȣֱӺǵʺ򣬿ʼд屨
һǮ˴ҵɻ󣬡ǵĸӶˣΪҪӣڲġ
˸ӣ
ǲǷѽ
԰ûпڼû
Ǯϸ۲ǵķӦûҳĿꡣ
ǳǰڼǽϰ࣬ûпʲôɵ˻£
û
Ҳû
ҶڼƲϵǮ촽ˡ
˵¶ţֻҪĵȴС
ʱţҵýʮһϼ쵼ٺ͸ӱųܱ༭γ˹
ǶѾɰ屨ӱһһÿ˵ļ
дð屨ҴҸϹһܵˡ
ᵽӱޱȽ˵:Сͬ־дúãȡҲɫǶѵõ˲ţһԺúİ屨
ӣǳġ쵼ô᲻
֮ǰ˲һСֿʼ쵼ǾʹӶǵİ屨ʼɣҲѧϰһ£˵ǲǣ
ԣҲѧ˵ŵ㡣
쵼Ǿȿǵİɡ
壬Ǯº뷴ͱǼʱֹˡ
ӱ֪£Ҷ뷨ǣСͬ־İ屨ʼô
Ȼдòִ٣ͦŵģͷͬˡ
屨ʦĹ¡
ʦʮ꿪ʼϹսپΪһֻŲò뿪Ĳӡ
йÿ¶õһʲټڴʦÿԻúܺãȴΪ˰˸ӣһƶϴϱȢ
һˣȼԼˡ
걨λ쵼ȫĬˡ֮ǰǲ֪ڳʳﻹһλӢۡ
ӱһʪ۽ǣһοСͬ־ллô֪һô˵Ĺ£İ屨Ҹ֡
Ļ˲ȻոǸСٴοڵ쵼ֽ廹ûأôܿʼأҲ̫ƽ˰ɣ
ԣⲻƽ
ۼұǵ˵棬ֽݸ˸ӱ
쵼ֽ壬ĿУҵĸڼСʱ֮ǰˣ鷳ܰæ¡


28 
, ʽҲʱ͵µˣʱ, Ϊֱ漰棬ͻѡա
ҲƵ¡
а屨Ѳһ, λ쵼ѾȽ, ͬʱҲ͵ֶΪ˲
Ϊ˷ֹԺ¼Ǿ¡
ӵİ칫, ӱһؿˣ˵̹״ӿܴ, ĳϴҿԭ㡣Ȼڤ粻, ȱ, ôԸ
, , ˭û˵
ӱһ, ûվ, ֲ֪ҲҼٽҷ, ֻҪʵͻн
û֨, ӱһһ̸, ΪǶǵĶһ
Ǹ屨˸߸ݴ۾, ƽʱͷɲô˵
ӱӡ󼫺ãûж, ȥǰ϶¡
ǰʵ, ӱϣǸС͵
ͬ־, ˵˵ɣϰ㶼ʲôԽϸԽãܾɡ
ͷԼһһ꾡ýһ顣
Уһֵùע:˵Լʼû뿪칫ҡ
ģ˵ֿԣһ:ǵĸ岻ڰ칫Ҷġ:˻߲ˡ
뿪󣬸ӱʶǣ칫Ҽλǵ𣿶ڲڰ칫ӡ𣿡
Ѿ̹һճӽָʧֻȥΣһϲһΪ칫ҴˮΪֵոɨ칫
ڼ䣬ȷʵһֱڰ칫ҡ
ļˣҲͬС죬ʱûп֮
ֵǸСʱûȸӱʣǺ쵼ôôŶǰпܰѸڼǶڱĵطƾʲô˵ڰ칫Ҷģƾʲô϶͵ģ
ӱȻ鵭Ŀǰڵ飬û϶˭͵ĶǲϿҵĵ飬Ҳǳľ顣
þӽ룬̸ֹ飬ҲҪصöࡣ
Сһˡ
˵˵ϰʲôûзʲô
ɶҲû֣Ϊҽ£һֱûڰ칫ҡ
Ļشƺƽȴһۣʣ˵˵ʲô𣿻к˭һ
Сһ⻰ŭˣɶ˼ڻ͵£
ֿʼӱҲŭˣֻǵ飬Ĵβʲô˼ǣȥѾרҵר°ɡ
˵űվˡ
С״ˣ۰Ͱ͵ؿǣŵ㲻ҾӰɣС𣿡
֮ǰǻҿ϶ˣȷĸ壬ڣûá׻˵ӰбֻҪûʹҾҲ¡
С۵ңŲӷ:˭ˣͲ飡鲻ô죡
ƶǲǼҳֽӦѾˡ
֮ƣҲֻ쵼;¡
磬ÿ˶һ
¶칦򣬲˶֪ˣӰܶӡ
Ϊ˳״ѹֲرӴ£þһھ͵ư
þӶӳܰѣ˵СС˵󲻴ֶβ̫ǿӲǿӲɶ鲻
ȥʶǣϣܻϸڡ
һ˼һ˲:ͬ־Щ˵˭ֻ˵˵Ŀǲοһ¡
룬ûҴţԼĲ²˵˳쵼ʹһ飬Ҳ˭ҾͰСꡣ
СǸһֱǺС
Ϊɶỳأ
ͨոյʣһֱڰ칫ûȥСһֱû칫ңô˶ûн㡣
ǿɻ󣬽͵:ṩʱ䣬ҳȥˮʱ򣬰칫ֻһڣȫԳյĸ棬ȻɵİСѸ߲١òӾɣǿκ˷ֵġ
ܰ꣬е쿪ЦǺǵҡҡͷûֱ˵ţǻǿʵ뷨
ӳ㲻ţҵķƱթǷֱѯһ飬˵ǱԷָ֤ˣ۲ʲôӦˡ
Ƕֻͨ˶ѣ̫ǿķǾӦÿԳ
ܰһؿ˼תתΪⲻ
ֻɻҽû׼˸ɵģҲϼ˳ˡ
ڰ°ǰǱڴϢ
͵ѾȷϣͰСꡣ
ôֻΪǳľ֣ԲŸɳ¡
СеԭǣʦʦͽܵȻҪæ߸Ͱջˡ
СֻͦûöԵط
Ѳ࣬ô쵼Ҫһ¡
һ㹻
°ؼҵ·ϣǰɹ˵
ԽԽüֻΪһȣûߵ¡
Ǿ˻ûᶾԲ̫˽նѵк֮ĲУ֮ĲޡȻҽĶƾʵ˵ҲһĶûУ֪𣿡
ţϤ̻塣ӼһС̲ͦ࣬סͷЦű֤Ҳ˺ҵĻᣬ⡣
ǵԲ۾ҸҪ㰡ûǮûɫͼʲô
ûǮûɫü
԰ǮǾҵǮˣѵ㻹˽Ǯ
ûСҲûҪС
ⲻˣûǮûɫҪ׳СͷҲû˼㡣
ӱˣؿʵ𣿿һŬû㡣
Ȼ·ˣǻǱĻ/֮ʸˣϽĴɫ졣
˵ʲôأåСıץߡ
ס֣Ϊǳ𣬡ǲ⣿ʱҸˣϾҶôˡ

˵ʱŮ˶̾磬ᡣ
Ǹصһڷɷʲôлӿڳˡ
ô嶼岻ãҲ㷢ƢҲ䱩ֻίͰ͵ؿ㣬һԼǧ˵Ĵ
һζ
ʵ֣ܲ˯֮ǰ͵˵ϣһʱ˲С˹ܱܲˣ
ûȷʵ꣬ǲʵһɫ˥ġ
˵ţƽʱȻķﻮһ˿ί
ǸϷ͵̫ѨֱӰòˣת뵽ǰΪԼȥбôãеĲ̡
ǣٸһλᣬٸҲԼͲĴˡ
Ƶĵƹ£¶һĨЦΪԼϲˣ˭ϲëͷСӵģҾϲִ꣬ðף̸ߵľˡˣͲ˧ˡ
˵꣬˫Ŀ峺
л˵


29 ³
һ, ˵ɽڵİѩһ̶, 
Ȼ쳤ֱ۰˱дԵɤϢ֮૵, ܲܰѸոյĻظһ飿
Ǽڲί, ҲٺְѷŵĻ˵һ顣
һҹ, ˲Ϊ֤Լû, һҹͣ
ΰУһκΪʲôҪǷ˵, Ӧˡ
ڶϰࡣ
Ǹս칫ҾͱǮһ, С֪ͰСΪ˼ⱻˣǴģ
ô֪ģ
湫, ûΧһ𣿡
Ϊ, һҪذ칫, ûǱ߳
ʱ, ӱ칫ҵ, ̽ͷ˵С, 칫һˡ
, á˲ðѿŵϣǸϽȥ쵼칫ҡ
칫˸ӱҲڡ, ۴Ц֣Сͬ־ġ
ò, Ȼ˶, ˴ŵĲ²⡣
, ͰСĴˣǽ뿪촬»ʲô𣿡
ñֱСĽȻûκν顣
سһо
ô˵ٺ⡣
һҪ˵ĳܱ༭дñмӣȥԸȥ𣿡
Ҳǰ屨Ƚ
ǾΪȥŲμȵġ˿̣ûֵ̫˷ܣǵʾԼԸȥⷢȡ
쵼칫ҳõЦݣ첽ȥǮϢ
Ϊףһϲ£ǮȥԷΪ°ȥϺԵġ
ǮڵϳȴԺ棬Ŷǽﶼʡ
¥֮һƬƽǼҾǼƽС
£˼һСѯ˵ĹϵһǴͬ£Ǹʽе˱㶯˼ʼǮǷ
ڲȱľǵôˮĹﵱȻǷˮ
֪Ǯпź޼ģҲûֹ˴
ӵĵҪȴö࣬ǮðСǣܿͺüЦһƬ
ֱɫɺڣظŶǻؼˡ
СǣǼԺǿ飬˵Ҹ׵Ķ𣿡
ףǻ治֪ܰæš
Ҫ˧ܵС㻹бҪ𣿱繤֮ͥġ
ͥνֻҪҺþСǮ°Ūǰ黨裬Ծδһû̫Ҫ
ô˵Ǳ֪ﲻʺףһһ֮˵ġ
ףҪֵĲ˼СֶҲڣһһԺʹоرá
СֶǸˣĲر˵Ưȣ
ĸװ龫ǰԼĲ׵ݹȥһıأЦ˵ԱǾơҲףԽԽƯ
ϲƯޡ
÷һԿţһۣôСĺӣզܽأ˼үүˣ˲ɣ
˰࣬СΪԼұˮҲǾưⲻ㾴ơ
ٰ˵ӶƱת˻⣬Ǹӣһһ
ԣҸɱ
ɱ
ש߷ڣð˶һϲɫ
ҹ޾ġ
³Ǳһ༭÷ڼԺ·Ҳʵ
СֶյүүѾԺˣΪ˹ţǼҵĴһ
˵˭æǮ¡
ĩһ죬ȥף׵صڵϵʾſڡ
ԷһǼԺǸܵġ
˽⣬СӼڱʡ˸ĸ֮⣬һڼũ
ҲǮµҪ
ǱģǮ·æѰѹأҲֻӲͷƤˡ
ʾſʱԷѾˣˡ
һǼġ
ǿӰ˵Сķɵ
뵽λпǮµ׶ϲüֱаˡ
ǮҲǣͬʱҲ±ƣ֪Լ׶󵽵ĸ
ģȽϲǸ׵ġ
λػͬ־
ֻǸǰһͶǾһ˵ͬ־Ҿǡ
׶Ǯͦˡ
ãǮ£ҹġ
ػ˵ͱԵĽˣѾͷɡּˡ
ǼںԼװһãȻʣλʶ𣿡
뵽ɫܰΪԼ֪ΪΣĵĪЩʧ䡣
ǵҲû£ʶһ£ҽн

ﾪȳȷǺԼгĽ
ˣǾеģ
ţҵȷǾˡ
£ȷݡ
ԩ·խ
ԼܸȤǹЦأûʲôأ
ǵȻָָһԵŮ˵׵ӣǲǣûҪɣ
˫ֱֲӱЦˣҰָˣȴ˵ǲеƤ
ҿûߡ
Ů񿴶ˣǿûݣ£ˣǵλ
֮ǰõģ˫ۣҶǰѹسɹͻҽ뿪Ǯյţ̵ģţȥæɣ
ΪǲԸ⿴Լ뿪һȥĶɡ
ллãҪȥɷĵλ
ĽŲһ٣ȳɷλ
ţˣɡ
˵꣬Ȳתû۵׵Ȼ
Ǯ¼ûҪߵ˼ǿһĨЦ⣬ػλ˭㻹ûҽء
ػӣֻܰѽܸʶλ쵼ġ
˼ǣ˲ġ
⻰Ǯˣȥ𴦹䣬쵼˵ټɡ
ʱع񣬳ĬǮͻأʵѾˣ
ǳƯܻһЩĻ˼ǮѼֲˡ
׶쵼ϣɤӣȰԣѾˣɷǸܳɫľ٣ǸرãҪСءȰͷǰ࿴羰ǧҪִԲ򡣡


30 
뿪ʾֺ, ûȥҽԺǳͼȥ
ǳ༭Ҫ˽ʱϢ, д¡
ͼݾǸȥ
ͼݵܴһ, Ϊ˷ҿ, һ¥κѧϰ
Ϊ˼ֻҪѳ֤ṩͼԱǼǾС
һ¥¥, ҵٺ飬뿴鶼, ٻصһ¥ѧϰǰ׼Ϲٻؼҡ
, һ¥ĸҲڿ, ҷĶ, Ϊ̫Ӱˡ
֪˶, һֱͷýζ, Ҳûע⡣
ʱ, ӺȻ춯, һӰ, ̧ͷ, ˺۵ֻʣȡ
ôϰ𣿡
Ӱŵϣ, Цʱ䣬鿴
, Ǿϲ
ͼܰ, Ǿѹúܵͺܵ, ǰҲ𣿡
ţż
뵽磬ʣԷҴȥҽԺʳã
û緹˵ҪԺãԼԣⲻ˻ᱻ߶
ҳԹ緹ģȥԷɡˣ㶼ʲô飿ҿ𣿡
ϵ鼮档һ£飬ƶ£ǶС񿴲֡
Цһͣû̴Ӧ
ַӦ΢΢ϸü:⼸ﲻлɫϰɣ
˵Ӧð
ҿˣҲֻһѡ
ôã̫ζʲôˡ
첻ÿСһڣġ
ϵǱƣûʲôģ㿴ɡ
˵ţһԼΡ
Ǽôϵĵù鷭
һʣڶɢļ֮˲סˡ
ݡ
˼

Щ飬ϲģ
ԭ˿ƷζȻôӵ
ӱĿ⿴΢΢ͷһ֪ԼĸߴѾһȥˡ
ǸΪʲôҪ˼ۼҶĸҪµء
ǱֻõģûԼҼ֡
û˼˿˼Ȼ뵽һ£è𣿽ԪѾ˸ø·ݡ
Щȡ
Ͼèûġ
ѽ֮󵽴մǲݣһ˯ܵèͲˡ
ԪĬӣȻشȻѶȲ󣬵ҲҪרҵʿȥʵûҽ
ţ¾ͽ
ڣûŻҽԺǷǱѧ
磬˶Ȼ飬ȴ͸ܰ
ӴŵΨһһλҽ˼С
˵Ҫèҽе棬ҽʮ꣬Ǻٸè
űֺСèٴȷϵ:ˣ군ԺͲܵˡ
ԪڼҸ÷飬һһèΪ˵ҪԪ÷ŵĸζֱ
Ƕܲܲ㿴ԪûҪ̫࣬һԺԱզ죿
ǿĵģֻȰٶ裬ӳֹܷĸèˣҲһҳ߾Ҳ˰ɣ
ҲĻ֮󵽴մǲݣʱǵϸжèǶһ
÷˶촽һۣҲûټֹ
ĵطݣ̨ľõģһй߶޾
ǰ죬ǻ÷ò޻һȦԪͷϣԷ
СһǸоΣգſڡ̨һҶûһ£ʮֹɡ
СǺԵģͽԪһĽնһֱ⣬֪ҪʲôΪԹ
ǿһĻӳóһǰݸأõģֻǸСܺҪӴȻҲһ£ûˡ
˵ͷ˷ܵҲűɽնв˲ɷɻβ͸Ͻˡ
ͷˡ
ĶӵСȣ˵⹷ǲǳɾȻɶ
úܿ죬ȫֻʮӡ
߽ݿèСģʱ۵òС
èϣ庢ӰȹͲˣʱܶܶСɣԸòã
Ԫ˼СԹϲ˲ģίͰ͵áءֱУ˵Ҫ˵㻰С
ҽӰѡ̨ʰɾ
߽Ҫ鿴èʱոջܹɵĽԪ˲ըë
Ѷһæߣëôǰְְĵǰְָģ۲
Ԫſڿϣȴһֱ֣ڿ˵ļȡ
һʱԼ̫ܻӭ˳˷䡣
ļ죬Ԫָúܲһֱӳ䱸նտҲֵò̫Ѻá
һʱ֮䣬˳èС
ǰһпֻú桭
ѮѾжʮȡ
ϢǮСĹŮǼң÷æȹӡ
ϾˣС漸Ǹ磬Ҳ·ֻܳ·
ôһ㣬һȹܴüꡣ
ڼңСóǷŵ˺ӵ
ͷǿƷǮҼ״ϽùҪȥ
ôõǣǲҪ
ǵһҼң͵ļҽô
ǰصУųؿֿ˿ĸף֪ǸòҪ
ô˵Ǯûپܾӵĸ첲С˵лл̣
СһǣС¶һĨЦлл̡
ǮҼһֱ߬Ƕ컯ˣæ˵ȷŶϳԣǣԼԣû
ĻöǺ⣬Ҫ֪ͷ˶ŮǮôϲŮĻ治
ǿʣǮ̾˿ԽԽǼСӣҺǰʦȣ˵ҲʦƯûĻ֣ѧУмҳᶼûҡ˵ҶܳŴҲܲסô̭Ǹǣ
겻üֱӦûô򵥡
ӴԺļͥŮǧǧôû˵˼ҵĺôģ
ǼСϼ꼶ˣûǺú𣿡
ɶڳ˳Է»ңƽʱ仰Ը˵
뵽ǼӵΪǮҽۿ
Сǣ˵զʱҶˡ
£κ˿ܶ޷ܡ̾ʣɷ֪ô˵
һǮҵȦˣֻ֪ѵؼɿϾ˯Ҫһ˵˻᲻ͷһ˵
֪ǮܶԼ˵ЩǳΣĬһ˲ɫ˵ҽ㣬²ѣȫҵģҵǿ԰㡣


31 ѹ
ھʱ, ¿һϣץס
Ǯ˲ǰһģС, ֪ȫ, ˵զУֻҪܽѵǼС, ҸɶҶɣ
̬նǺ, ȻһԵĺӣ˵С, ̽һ𣿡
ӶỰͷ, Ǳļƻֱ𽻴ĸŮ
˰, Ҽһɫĵƹ⡣
ǮҴź, ˯ˡɷӻʱ, ں, һ̻ûС
Ȼƽʱʳ, Ϊ, ÿǮҶѷ˷ڹ, ɽȴʲôûС
ǮҵĴӷԶȺ, ݣ߱ߺ裬զûǴ򷹰Ըˣ
Ǯһ, ̴ӿҲŭˣûֻûţʮ, ƾɶҪҸǴ򷹣
ʱ, ݵķűƿ, ֻĸɫզá
ӱŵǮҵĻΧȦתûҿ޳
ңզˣ˭ˣüͷϾǲͷ
ǮҿķӦģӸոɶ̬ûǷǵģɻֺáӽ쿪ʼ˸ģҺͺӹү˭Ҳ˭ۡ
ⲻǺڲôæ㻹ҡ
ɴʱ˿̣ǮĲٹˣжæ㿴۸ڵҽææܻؼҶɻͬͬ⣬Ҿˣ˯ȥǰơ
˵Щʲôȴӷƣ֣ߣһֱ֣˭
ֲТӣǮ뵽ǵĻûĴּɨɨ˳ȥ
žһôڷĺϡ
֪ҡβͣϽҹԺñҵʱ򣡡
ʢŭеǮңϺɵۡ
ع͸Ͻˣٰᡣ죬ѵߵĻ˻ȥŶӹԹȥ˶ݡ
˶/ǮҲŸҿޣĨһϵˮοŻŮӶ£Ụ㣬˭Ҳ۸ǡ
һҹʧˣֱڶ𴲡
뵽Լ˶һȥϽʰʰźȥ˸ڡ
и磬̫ȫ۸Ҳ½Сһ㣬ƽʱҺ
ǴǮҲۡ
Сǣù󣬲ȥתת
Ĳϲȥɡǲɷ˵ֱӰק˹硣
߸ߵĹֻ̨һӪҵԱ˽۷춼ûæ߻
ǾֱɨһȦһǳ黨ϡ
ͬ־Ⲽô
ӪҵԱ̧Ƥһ۸
Ǯһĸֱ£ܶʮ칤ˡ
УҾ˵꣬Ǯ˵鲼ȹһƯҽɡ
ɶôĲȹӣƽʱҲȹӰǮǮ̫򣬿¶ֻͼţҪȹӣİɣ
ʡ
㱻Цˣ̻¶ҴȥңҲС
ǮҵȻңԥʱ򣬶˵Ҫñں㣬ҪںԼԼȹӶ᲻ã㻹ôӮñ˵أ˵ǮʡѵǸǮ
ᵽСǣǮ˲ˣҧҧͳǮΪԼǿ鲼
ٶͬһѴӸһºǽ俪һӡ
Ǯûаԥ
ΪԼһƿѩһСӣ˲Ӹ⣬ֱǮˣ̹
Ǹı˵գμӹ軰ȫӵϢҲСһռǱ׼յ͸Է
֮⣬ǻڹӪݳ
Էڼ䣬Ľչ
ʵֻһǽٻһЩġ
Ϊ˼ƻһôûһȽϺá
£Ǯҵĺ鱻ƻ߰˰ˣ価Ƕ˵ıԹ
ʱڳԲӸĺӣСӣ콻ɵôˣ
ͣ³ԶĶգգۣС˵ҽʸˣ˵ѧУˣԲŲԸ
ɶʱǶˣѧУȥզˣǮұùǺ޲̻ؼȥӶš
˫̥һҲ֪εĺѹܣƽʱһֱͦ˭뵽Թ
ǿµӦѧУôȥѧУͳ⡣
Сѧãл硣ɳеĺӣʶ
ӹӪݳǮҽ˼£֮Ǳֿˡ
ʱڼԺĳ
ϪЦһõİֺ֣
֣СڴԺʲôöûԹȻΪӶı⡣
üϪ価䵭ٹҾҪؾˣһʲô𣿡
ϪҲǸƤģ֪ԼϽû˼š
ҲǣߴŵˣҲƤˡ
˵㰮ڽӣýŸллʱչˡ
¶һĨг΢Ц֣Ŀʲô
лֱ˵ɣҲӡ˵ҿˣ
ҪߣϪ̲סˣģ츱ıķ˹գȥ𣿡
֣ü붮˼Ҵȥ
Ҫύ쵼ºӡõĻᣬϪ֪Լ׷ʵ𣿡
ֺƤΪ֣òΪʲôҽֻһ仰¶αȡԶأ
ԴϴײͶһϪһֱûȥǵ֡
ԸԶҲ鷳
жĺ˼ÿζ鷳˵Կηʱ򴫳һЩҾˡ
ϸǻ֣뵽ǣ뵽˴ȥܸӦһ¶ǣ˼һתͷӦˡ
֮ǰӵӲʹ죬˺֮Ҳ
վۻĩصڼԺƬյϡ
ǺǮһġ
Ǯϵȹӣʮ⡣ǮҲ̫ϰô߼·ͻȹǡ
Ǽ״ЦŴҽ㴩ȹÿֱܰͦ͸ˣ㿴ǱߣҲкüȹӵģ㲻ò˼
ǮȹӣǶƵġ
ֹ԰׻ڶ֮ʵѷҸӿɵۡ
ûվۻϴǶǵĹȹӴϵġ
ǰԶǣǮסڱпм
Ǽôĥ䣬ֱĸ첲˶ĵطߡ
˿ʱ¶һĨ֮ɫ
߾ң㴩ȹƯѽʽҪȰٻ¥ǿö࣡
ǮұúæѶƵȺм䣬Сģ
֮ǰԺﴫ·ûע˲ر࣬񿴵ʵҵ˼ʼ
СǣҲһģܲҲһ
ңȹ̫ÿˡӵֿɣ
һƬǴǹЦ뵽ǸֻһʲСĳͽˣЦˡ


32 ʴ
ᳫ˷, ˵վۻᣬʵͲ軰ֻ࣬ı׼С, ҪĲ軰ḻࡣ
ǰռǱȥλˣ׻͸˶Է
ּ۸񲻹Ӱԭ, ʵõ, Է˵ллȻˡ
ϴβ軰ᣬı˶Զŵӡʮ, Լߣȡ
Ϫ֣֮, Ǹ˼
Ǹˣż찡ȥˡ֣һؿϪ, ˼·˵:, ջỹҪˡ
ϪǿһĨЦ, Ȼ, Сʹ, ȷʵкܶϲ, һǶȲˡ
֣һ, ѡˡдϡ
, ˴Ӧʲô˺ô, ͱҲ
ľ棬״˶Ϫģ뵽ԼŬôûֻǸ΢С, һһС
ģҲʧġ
ʮΧһ, ȻҲ, Էûдк˼, ҲúǶ˵ϻ
ôóԵģɱ˼öࡣ
һƷɫСԣһྣܵ͵ģûвС
ڴ̸ʱ֣üۺЦǻ֪ɣһ׽ãҲ²˭
һְԣȤ˭û˵˭ҽûһ޵Ǻˣ
ǰҿĸλ˭˭񣿡

˸ţҪȸղŻҪ֡
ʱϪ֣˵ҲòˣҺͶǣ׽á
ɶͶǣҲ񰡡
ǶնţҸոզûµأ
˭˭С
ĪΪǷʳλϷ֮ˣشţҺͬĸԳò̫񡣡
ˣϪæұǽ㡣
֮ǰֻ֪Ϫλϱ֪Ͷǻϵһ㿼
ı˵ĿҲ֮شţΪʲôҪϵ
ÿ͵Ҫ˵ǻڹء
ʱˣ֣ͷųţϪһοڵǲҪģûҵԡ
Ļû˵ȴ˵ĺģҳ̰˭
ֻ΢΢üҲźҪʲô
ԹϳԵԼϣҲû˭ˡ
զ˵˵֮ʲôҹ𣿡
£ﵱɩ̧ͷͷģѪŨˮɱඡ
˵Ȱ˵Ϫ״ΪѵؿǣȻ˵Ұ֣Һ踴飬Сǲͬ⣬ҲˣҲǺͺˡ
˽ȰͲȰ֣Ǽ£ȰҲˣŮøɵ£
һʱ֮䣬¶ͬ񣬸߿ʼ˵
ͬ־Ĳˣ֮иҹզܷĸأ
չôģ̫˽ˡ
ô飬ΪҲ̫簮ˡ
ǮЩۣͲˣΪھӣɶ˽⣬Ϲ˵ʲôҪп˭飿˵ɶɶһûУ
Ϫ⻰ʵô˵ڶĶǺһӣΪԼΪӵѼҳϧ´ˡ
ּҳ󣬶ǲ±֪Ͳ֪ء
ֻȻΧȦתϷλ㡢ӣǲ֪Һڶż˶ٿࣿ
˵ţˮѾžµ
ڶżҵţʮ꣬˴ûй裬ֹҲҵɶżˣ滹˵Ұ֡
ţְѶŸϸޱʹ˵˳
ҴмǿԽԽ齲꣬Ѿߡ
ֻ͸ø飡СǣոˣӸ˵Բ˻ɶ飿Ӧùνȥ
ٿϪʱѱ˲
ɳֶ»ȰͣզģȻҲô˰ɣ
ѽ˼߿࣬ôһûһˣ
ϪؿһУѾ֪Ǻá
û뵽ܺ˵г¡
иĵܸ˵
ͬʱ֣ɫҲܲ뿴ǳܣܵȴǶϪ
޲̾ߣҲˣ
úõһվۻᣬΪ¶϶ɫϪƤٺҲٴȥûһҸǰ뿪ˡ
һߣֿʼ۷׷ס
ʲô˰´β軰᲻׼ٽžͷ
Ҳû˽Ǻ֣һģҲ֪ɶϵ
֣ᵽ֣ͷûҴǻ
ӾۻǮұʾ˸л
ʱô˶˵ֻ̣һԸԼ˵ƾһ㣬ӽԺҲҪúô
ǮҺһЦû⵱¶
ô࣬ҲΪ˵Ҳ̫ˣ꣬뾭סУ
˵ĹѾ˼ſڡ
ʱӺֶſڶСһİкվǮҼſڲ֪˵ʲô
ǻˣǣСǽ㣬иǮ
ˣͬʱΪˡ
ǿǸİкʻ磬ôˣǮ
ʱǸкҲ˹ǮҺί̣ҷԶͷң¶ܲܣҾˣ
каҲԺĺӡƯСȴʮ㡣
ǺǮҽһ㶣ʱûŪô£
ǸɶҪ㰡˵Ǯֻ̫ѨۣӾȻʼѧˣ
ı֤ɫһ㣬ѧУ˵˳
ͷֵͬһ飬ѧؼҵ·ϣֻ²һѧУͼԱ̫裬ͱֵܴˡ
ΪԽԽŻ״
ɶԱû˵Ǯһͷˮ
֪࣬շֵѧУġ̣˵¶զܣ
ҪҸһ٣һ£ʵ벻õİ취
һЦ̧Ҫ˽ࡣ
ΪʲôҪ˵ǸԱ谡ʲôˣ˵˵ëɲá
һ⻰µҵȻǿ˲ô˵ġѧǰɻԼɶҲɣʱƭƭȣû浽УȥǱˣ
ǰʮС¶һĨ͵񣬡ͬѧΪʲôԸɻҲĸԸİɣҲʲôŵأ㲻ƫȫ
ⲻܣһͲˡǸԱ˵Ҫ˵ܻᷨЩ˶òˡ
뵽ֵܺǮģкļȥѧУͬѧǣΪʲôôܻӭû׼أ


33 
Ǯһͷת, ֱѰߺʣСǣǺ˵ɶ˼զûأΪɶҪǸԱ
ֲ֪زס¶ԸҲûеĲ², ֻ˵ȰϢ˵ôһ¶
˯ǰ, ǽ¸, һҲܲµš
Ȼ˵, üʣ㻳Ǽ/
ԣҾڸŮϴԡĻͶżֵܵΪ, ͸ŷ
ϼ棬κ㶼, ֪𣿡
§, һࡣ
ǹɵͷ, ȴһҪȥҰһ, ȻǷŲ¡
ڶ°, ֱȥ«έСѧȥһ, ɻȥҰ
·, Ǻܺ, ôΪѵģ
ͷ, ˵ĸİΣ˾ʶˡ
Ҫúദ֪ܽѲ, Ҫϧ֪𣿡
, һġ𴽽, ϲֿǺ˵, ĸףůġ
ѧУſʱøϳһѧ
ûһֻɫȺˡ
ǣ˳ܹ
лҪ˵æ˾ߣûѧУſἰ¡
ֱǻصԺҵһƫƧĵط£ôͬѧô˵
̫ΪʲôҪֵطʻڻϣҲû̫ƽϡ
ʹˣʵҲûɶǸԱ죬ܶǣʱ򻹸ǳʲôģҪ˵Ǹƨ
˼󣬡֪жѧϵ𣿡
Ҳ̫˵Ҳʮɡ
һѧĵޣ¹ԱǼ/ðΣգǱȰҪٹ¡
ĸ״ѾֵܵϹ˲ʣҲûٹ¡
ϾԩͷŲأ
صңְԼ֪Ϣ߸֪ҲѾϼ˱棬ڽΣֻĵȴ
ʱڸڡ
˲ʵֵһؿǮҺͺӣǲ˴ڰƤû쵽
ͼʦ˵:˶˽ģĸǵİҲϵ
ͱ裬ǳֻΪԼʲôڿǲԸģʼͽСˣӶ᲻ٸǳԡ
߯飡߯Į
һҪ״
ǮҼ۲Ѱӽúֱֵܲζ뿪ŻָƽʱԷٶȡ
ССڳһӣһʼնûԡ
裬ܰ𣿡
ǲϲԣ԰ɡ
صͷûԥһҲԵˡ
ֵ
:㵽İӾôˡ

«έͷӰɫ԰׵شӴ̲ס²ʺĺȻôԶ
ֹҪ𳵣Ҫǿ׳˶ܱˡ
ǵһǰľЩΪʡǮûǰ㷢籨ڽô߶һ֪
һͬ´ģмˡӰֻܴסһͬ־ʲӼԺô߰
ûŻش𣬷ʵ̽ף
ԣҶ㡣¶ԷԼݣ̱˶Ϫɷ֡
ô󣬱־кܶ࣬˶ʶ˴ˡ
Ҳûټʣѵַ
ǣȵӰòҶԵطʱֱſվŵʿסȥ·
ԺҪг֤Ӱɵۡ
ͬ־׽㣬鷳ͨһҽȥ£
ΪӴԺеԺǰýһӾͱˡ
û֤ýȥʾ֤
ԼĽȥ¶Ӱˣ鷳Ϫ绰ң𣿡
վʿǻ֪Ϫ˭һξܾˡ
һʱиʮӸպô߾õǳ֤
Ӱ״Ͻ׽㣬ԺĶϪܰҴȥ𣿡
վۻһϪڼԺҪͣ½Ųʣɶ˰զ㣿
ʱ˿̣ӰҲܺڣʵشãΪߵôæûü籨֪ͨ
ãɫӵؿһۣԥؾܾæ
Ҳ㣬һмҪʱ˰ɡ
˵꣬Ѵǽȥˡ
µûôɹվþˣԻ˸е
֮󣬶ӰſڵСʱҲѰɶԷһҶϪȫҽûӰˡ
زĵϣһ޵ĳ嶯
վʿȥڻں˶Ϫ
ſϪȷʵôǰ֪ͨһһûڼҿô죿
ôãӰҲһӻ𣬴Сˣ˵ͱȽûûС֪һôѾǲǺԺŮ˶г𰡣Ϊɶ֣ȫˣ
ϪҲо˶ų⣬ƽʱܲžͲţ¶ƽϢ£ģӰĵһжˡ
һʱԵܸɡ
̫ˣԺԵֲʶ㣬Ȼһ֮ʰŽ
Ӱ⻰еҲû׷ոܵί
߽ӴԺ̲סʵͶദôý
ϪᵽǣǷʵôˣǰ˼Ӧòᴦ̫صġ
Դӱٱ󣬶ŸһֱڼȴһȾһ£ʶûС
Ȼ¶˹ϵûίᣬǻǸѸҲ˹ϵŶӼ޸е
ӰùˣֻԼĽô죿Ҳֻˡ
㣬Ͳˣкʵ͸ҽһ׽ãһҲиӦ˵ǲ
Ϫ￩һ£˲Դˡ
ﻹûȣͼų˳
裬Ӱá
Ӱкɡ
Ϫôã˫ҳûһ棬ӰǰİŮˣòá
ֻǵͷӦһ£ѶϪнݡ
СϪôס찡쵽ˣԽԽȣٹ߾͸ûˣ˵ҪǴڼһҲʰ
Ϫŵ˼Ҳǵ£а취ߣٺòˡ


34 ô
ڶӰڲԺվ˺üСʱ, ˿ˡ
ֻһ죬ȫԺ֪Ϣ
ǮҴŽǼ·, ˳Ͱ¶˵˳
æŸϸ壬÷ֲת, Ҳǵһ˵
ϴεջ, żҵڼԺʲôܣʮֵ, ̲סʣҿ˵ˣǹ޵ǲ, ֶ߻ƣͲ
֪ԷǺ, Ц, , ˭˵ȳ˼, ȥĶҲܲ˰, ֻҪԺˡ
÷üûôֹ, ôû˵, ߺʶ, ˵ΪҶ󣿲Ǹֵ˵͵İɣ
Ц, ڶżҴ˶ʮ꣬һҲ˽ż˵ıԡ
İɣӰǲЩµ, ˵ĿǰҪľӱ硣
ô˵, ÷ڷˡ
ĩһ졣
ҽԺչһ׵Ļ, Ϊ
Ϊҽ, ǵһ־Ըߡ
ɩҽԺҪά͸
˵ֵԱ⣬ҽҪӾС
״ӵˣԶԶȥرˡӰһֱûǰк
һһεƽʱ᲻ûǮ˶ô˻ƣҽԺĲٳ˺ܶ࣬Ҳά
еӣôȰ
Ǹά򣬼ЩûʣֻǿӲ˭ٲӣȡʸһලȡؼҡ
⻰ñ֮ǰز١
ҽһĻԵӴȤϱһ仰Ͱ˵ˣɱǿˡ
ԶСӣһɵӣȷʵǿ
ƽʱЦҽ¶ôı飬Է档
Ϊϳ곱ʪʪ͹ؽ׵˾رࡣ
ģһ϶ëڶĩβϪҲС
̫̫ۣ۵û·ˤһӣҺԷ͵ҽԺ
Ͷӵϼ쵼һ𣬶Ÿоܲڡ
Ǹ쵼Ҫ¾ȥæɣһС
عҲĳŲ˹ȴƽ
ӣûҪ£߾ֵµıļ˾ҵļˣøҿҶϪͬ־жչӦõġҪǻǱŶˣҴȥ
ζŻǮǮ˵ʲôҪŶӡ
ִˣҲûȰ
ٴǣ񡭡
ŶԽԽҲǡ
Ͷһ棬Էͽһоͦ⡣
ûԼкҲֵ徲
Ե̫̫ҲûϳֻǾȴ벻ļţˡ
ӣʶ
ʶơ
ϣûʡ
ܿ죬ǰΪеˣԿơɲɣҽӡ
˼浱ȻҪ䳰ȷܽҽ澴ҵô˿ˡ
ֻǵһۣϪţ㿴ǣϡ
̫̫û֮ʶģæϣʼ߲飬죬ոջˤһӣ˵ɶ
ߣܣһ˴ŵжϣĵطû˼ͷܺáϥʹжǹؽסһʿȥϸɡ
ҪǮϸ飬ͲԸˣ˵ѿզҪ飿ⲻƭ𣿡
ܴΧҲˡһԿţȻ׸߾еȡ֣ûŽΧ
ֻҪӳԱ͸ˡ
ǵһˣüĽϸ¡
ż֧ԼģǵӾ͸ˡ
ֱﺿﻰⶼҽԺԣ˵ԼΪѿˤһӣطҪǮֱɥġ
˼״ˡ
ԶǿһĻǰУλȷѿһҲѣؽ׷ֺüͣ㲻ϸ飬ҽô֢ҩ
ȥǲ׻Ǯ
ڳǰĶǣ˶ˣʲôϵΪʲô˵
֪г𣬱ΪһָʹģǳûɷҲ˵ѵҪ˵
úһһ˿ķŭ
ֻܵתǹ/ͷӣҽã˻ܶŮ˺档
Ϊô˵Է߳ŭʲôû
ֱӺĴڣõĶ˵⣬ԸκβдͶţҲǵĹ
˵꣬㲻ͨ־硣
Χ۵Ҳֻ۷׷ףܿ죬ָֻֻжŲϲỹҪҪ֡
ǮףﻹиҪĲ뻨Ǯ
һɶû˷ô
ʱѴŭлָţ˵ӣ㻹ǰѼ˰ɣûǮС
һ仰˵Ρ
ŶǮĸ쵼Ǯæ־ܾãҽ첻ˣû׼ȾͲˣҽԺ˶ûζҲơ
˵ţǵǻ͸һɿ
һԿĿ࣬ϪǸСŻǸϰ԰Ǽһ֡
г˹ģ񻹵ðԻȥΪˣŶм쵼̫ллˣղҪ治ҺͶ
һΣû﹵ȥ
ڻؼҵ·ϡ
ӳ˼һ˲ǣôʶ
֣ɻôʶģǷӹӽ˺ӵԼ
Ҫ취ѽ뺣С
ǲ֪뷨Ҳûʶľ˵һ¡
ʱ޷ж϶ԷǲǹģһԺԶ鷳һҪҡ
ţİɣҰôġ
ǲлؼң·Զ
ѵһɢȥתһת
뺣Ҫʮӣû̴Ӧһæ㲻𣿡
۰ɨȥһƣͣ߰ɣ
ִҪȥֻܴӦ
·ϵԽԽ٣ֱһӰûˣӺȻסŲǰɣұ㣬ȻĽŻܲˡ
ӵƤжôۣ֪ģԺЩۣ˲˶
ǶıЩ˼˰ɣһ˿ô죿ҿɲ뱻ȥ
İɣûˡȻǼᶨöǵľܾЩɶ
ܱҺܳġ
죬ҶܱöôᱳɣϿ졣
뵽ϲ죬ȷʵͦȣڲԥˡ
ǻܣȷû˺쳤ֱۻס˵ĲӣȻſȥ
ֱˣһʱ䴫ű˴˵¶ȡ


35 в
ĺշ
ſ˵ı, ԶĴ󺣣һ黳
һӺҲ
, ۵ģɡ˶ǳǳ, ëɨļ䡣
ûз, 
ۣô㡣
е黰, ݸһЦ۶
Žɫɳ̲ǰ, һųĽӡ
գڳ칫ҡ
ʱ, ǲس, ߵһĻĻԺи, Ծﴽ, Ī̸ĸо
ͬ¼ô, չȤʲôأǲɶ°
˵, ؿĶ, ζ
Ǳú, ̷ϵ˺һһʱ, ûС
о飬ԭ֮ǰûлУҲǺ
뵽һ, ЦȥոҲŵȻ޴ˡ
ʱ, ܱ༭߹İ칫, һ, һ£˳ڵĸҲš
ջӦáҳĸ쵼˰칫ҡ
ڳĿǰİҲǹں˺¡Ϊġ
˵ûʲôսԣ֪ԼǸˣ쵼ôίΡ
쵼칫ңΰһݱֽݵǰ
ʡȿ
Ǿһ˲ӹֻֽñֽݺܷḻֽźܺ񣬱ǳҪߴϡ
ѱֽ淭һ飬û̫㶮쵼⡣
ܱ࣬ҿˣʲôָʾ
㶼ʲôˣҽ
йĿı죬ֻһܼסֵݡ
쵼ΪɶҪһƪñ
ֻһܱȫƪݣεֻʣ𾪡
û뵽λСͬ־ȻⱾ£
Ǳ¿֪ԼҪҪٱһƪ
㡭֮ǰûݱֽɣ±ϵ۾޷԰Ρ
ûǵһο쵼㻹Ҫٱ𣿡
ãˣ㿴ֽ㿴½ǡʡıĹ棬û뵽㻹ȲŻ˲¶డ
Ǹе܇壬Ҳû뵽쵼ôȦӣֻı
뵽ԼոɵرŶȥ
ıǡĵطһȽֹܿʡϣܻý״ͽƷ
ҪǣȡΣöڳչøá
οд£ʮıʺͲŻԲŻῴϢһʱ
벻ԣڲ룬òóɼҲûϵ͵ˡ
ǺܸмԷץסᡣ
쵼μӡ
Ǹбģκܸˡ
˾ͱãֱ°࣬ǵĴƤ㻹˷С
ؼҵ·ϣ̲סԺйµһһ䣬Ӱ˸涼ûע⵽
ӰҵģԼһӣԭõĻû֮أ˲䱻ۡ
ǣʲô˼
ںԼ֣ŷӦ̧ͼԷĹĵص
µԷû̫⡣
㺰أ
Ҳܺ˭ӰĴţﶼ켵ˡ
¿˵ĥߴ鲻Ҳ˷ѵʱ䶺
Ӱ֪ĳƢûټƣģȥ÷̣˳ס죬Բ
ǱЦ
Ĺϵôסȥˣ
Ӱ죬Ĭˡ
ʵϪ㲻ֻǸ̫źǳ̫ˡ
̫ţģǷ˸߼ǮƵġϪֻ۱ֻۣǸث֡
ٴڸ߼ˡ
ԸסңҿԸһҪܡ
΢΢ü⼤ʲôܣƭ㣬ǲϵġ
ΪӰЩˣûƭ㣬ǶϪܣһǹģֻҪӦңҾ͸㡣
Ȼ֪ʲôܣǿɲӦ
㰮˵˵ɣûȤ֪
ӰðЩ㲻һڵģ
Ǿ͵Һ˵ɡۣһĨ˲Ц
˲ɢ
Ӱֻٴλص߼ҡϪˣ˵̵ǲӣû±Ϲܣ֪𣿡
ոڶһӰܲˬĻǷ㲻˵Ҫҽܶ𣿻ûкʵģ
ϪĿ̬ȲôǿӲҺһ£ż
ֻϣסģ㲻סȥҲһ
Ǹ¿ˮ̵ģϪ֪вԼ¶һĨЦ׽ãȥסǴҵ𣿷ģҾ¡
ȻѾ˺ӰûٿУסź̫ˣŪ⼸ͦܣҪһ߰ɣ
Ϫѹĵ׵ȻЦɫզãûϵ̫࣬ס°ɡ
ı֤Ӱ⣬һƹˤļơ
ȣϵˬװ
һȹᱡϷŲ졣
Ǯ¿ȹĽѣҲһģһģϧûֲϣֻ˶Σϴ档
ȣǮ²̾ΪɶҽֺôأС£ĺãĽ
ֺ֪׶ˣûҴ̼
˶ȱ㣬Ҳһȱ㣬ʱҶܲ
⻰ǮȤ˵˵ʲôȱ㣿
գգۣ룬ûʲô̫ȱ㡣
Ϊ˰οѣֱ࣬ǸءȽϹŰؾɣͦȤġ˵˲ܿ棬ʵ˶ࡣ
ٶ˵һЩȴǮһգ۾һ˲ĵʣ۾ôˣˣ
ûӦǮָָ̧֣СǶվأոЩˡ
˵꣬ܲվҸɸϽδ
Ǻ±ƣӲתͼ˶һվЦЦؿ
ҹŰؾɣȤ
ͳдԣסҡҡͷǿȻǣǮʧˣֻΪ˰οϹ˵ġ
ɺί޹СԴܳϣ
л˵
ģղأ
ai70ų󡷡ֲΪ
İ:
ʱ008ϵͳʧܣ۾ͱ˻70һŮӤ
kԪ
СȴϴҵĹŮˣ˶ľľģ˵ûĻ˼ҵĹŮҶеɵġ
Ҫ˵ɵƫƫ֣ܿѧУʦûߣǸȫϴġ
ʡʳ
ԪӣҲ֪Тĸ¨һɽɽһ¨ʲôУɽҰĢȵȣضУٶռһȫϯˡ

Т길ĸԪʾҪѣһŮٶѡ
ԪкǣߣҴץɽ
һڴ񣺡
ǴһɽԪǴɽѸǰ
һֻСɽ˯㣬Ԫޱ飺Ǵϣǰ滹һɽ
ǣԹԣ⸣ޣ
һսǺ޲ðѸ޹
Ԫһƽɽץɽɽǿֵģȥʦʹġ
ϴ󶼲֪ȥʦҲֹΪʦϲΪҪȥʦĴΡ
ʦɵĿԣͬô򵥵һaiϵͳΪһˣһˣȻ̲ᣬһaiԱˣ
ҲԱˣһ꼶̾ȻȲһһ꼶ģ


36 
һ, ˵û֮ǰ¶ίı飬˵û顣
Ϸŵϣ԰, 
˵꣬תҪ, Щ˼, ֻ˵ûˣϹ˵ġ
Ӳͷ, һЦû, ҵȷǹŰȤʵǵȱ, һŬġ
˼תת, еˡ
˵ŰȤըë, ˵ϾͲ, ׵ǲܱ˵ϡ
ͦǳ
û, ڷˡ
Ϊ¶ô, ֱҹ˾, ֪Լ̫뵱Ȼˡ
˸, ɧ/, ˵öǲࡣ
ҲܲӦôа
̧СסıģȴǸӼҵĹ
鵽Ũʱ, סĲӣҧ, , ҪӰɡ
ܾ, ı
һͣ漴жԼжôǵĺӵ

ȻҪӣǿʼ˱мƻ
ƽʱմ̾ƣǰڻСһ¾ײˡ
Դˣûκ
֮⣬˻峿һȥܲԴﵽ״̬
⹫Ǳҽ飬ҵõķӣһڸʡǿģһԵΪרβвġ
ҩдøӣóĸá
ֱָһǺɣȺһʱԿ
УȥҽԺ壬˸ָȫûκë
ҩҲǰ׺ȣá
ҽġ
ӣһߺǿҩһҹҹϸ衣
ͣ۲š
ڲƪ¡ĵطǳĩϢ
ɽˮϢЩ紾ӣټפӣΧҪطԵðࡣ
˺ҪɷõĶ
ڶ溣ߣסǹһǶ˽
Ƭķݸǵô£ڷԱһյأ߰˸긾Ů֯һˣ
ǳ紵ɹĹϵǵķɫȽϺڣЦʵŶӳҲȡ
ǻ߹ȥǴк
İ˵ǳЩû¶һ˿䱸
˭
ЦؽԼǺã촬༭ɷáʣܰ𣿡
εεĹ˲ܾ̾
Ǿһܰﵽɶ
ѽǲʶֵĴϴ֣ܰɶæ
ǼûֱӾܾæԱ˵˭˵Ǵϴ֣Ͷ٣ѧϰô˳ɷá
źһӦò಻ۣΪ׵һͬˣҲɶܣѧѧ£Ǹɶɷɶ˼
Ǽͬˣæ͵Ǵһ죬˽ǵճ
һֻྣҶû
ǿ飬졣ǰѶǹץһ͸ļӣӼҲ׷ܹҪ˻ûüֹѾûˡ
Ů״ͦ˼
զ˼أƷˡ
ǹƽʱ᲻øԣոô࣬˵ҲҪǮ
ɶҪʵľ;ʣ֪һ㡣
˵ţӳһҪ
ǿûһѧˣһ߰æ֯һߺ˼ҳ
ͷĶḷֻ̌ܽ㴬ҲУ˽㡣
⼸Ůû֮ǰҲ˳㣬ɼ˺Ӳڼ￿֯֡
ƽʱҲ֯һѧϰĻ֪ʶеʱҲѧѧҪǵ˲ھûйѧˡ
ţһԵ˽⡣
˼⣬ֱ̫Ҫɽźǻָ
ȥ·ϣԺеһ顣һǲɷúʿڲӣ½սΪģвɷüֵʱɷò
˼ΣɷפĺڱСͬ־
սսʿڱҲҪʮ˰աȫܣΪǰսʿṩ˼ǿı֧֡
Сͬ־ò죬ĽǶȿһһ⡣
ʱ̫ˣǴȥˡ
صʱӻû°ࡣ
÷Сɹͨ죬۲ѣȥĶˣզɹҪɹƤɾ鷳ˡ
ûзɹ˪գļʣܺûоɹ
÷һСӵݸǽӹؿӣֻ΢΢죬˿
裬Ҳ̫ˣû¶Ӧûɹ
ûɹͺã㻹һء÷˵ӲúݣױɹˣԲŻôš
Ҳ⣬ûƹɹˡҲǼǽ̵ġ
ǴӳһϴõĻƹϣûжϣСڳ
裬֪ʶͦడԺദò
ڳʱһزеԱ÷̫ͱ˴򽻵
Ű·ʶԽԽˣԼǶλõ˵ʱԸҲûָˡ
һԼȥӾأϧǸѼӣɲСǣ㲻ѧѧӾɱһôѧѧˡ
Ҷ˵ȥһ
ǵȻѧֻ֮ǰ̫æˡ
˯ǰߣһĲӣЦеʣҽһûʹ㣬ΪӾ𣿡
Ӳ֪Ŀģ§סϸͷ˵ᡱ
ǡܲܽ̽ҰѧӾǳգգ۾Ϊ˻ԥشӦȴû뵽һȴ˾ܾ
ԴǸΣһֱȥһΣջմǡ
ûʱ䣬𣿡
ûʱ仹ǲ̣Ƕܾѡ
ÿʱӡ
ûʱ䡣
㣬ȷǲ̣Ƿϵֱۣƿ֣С˵ûվˣұ˽̣ϻӾ˺ֲֻܶ࣬ᡣ
˵꣬һѺ󱳶˲ٴˡ
ַļΪԼ䣬ͱžһ֣Զ˰ס
鲻ãң޼ƻʱȡɣҹҾȥݡ
ӣ
ǵıӰͦίϣò
ļ죬ս
ƽʱͣͻȻͲ˵ˣ÷ǵķ
ӲڣǣզˣúӲɶأ
Ĺĵذľ˵˳ɲԼ
ӾȴԼⲻýڶʼԼˣУ
Ǯ½ң
һֻΪС¶ս÷ֱЦˣѽӶ̫ˡû׼æأڸ㴵ţʵӾأҲ˾ͺ˸飿
˾úеп治Ӿ˵ԼҲֻһʱˡ
ǣ°ٸһλᣬӾʹ󷽳ϣûʲôö˵ġ
л˵


37 ӾȤ
, ǻûҪôڸᣬȴ˵ˡ
һϢѧУͼݵԱѱȷһǱѾõ/, 統֪ΪһӴϾ˼ϴȡҾ鱨ѱˡ
Ϣ, ʱӾ֮Ժ, æǰʣѧأбϴԳɹɻµ𣿡
ҺǷֵ磬ûȫɹġ뵽ϼ쵼ӵ, ӵüȾһĨЦ⡣
Ϊ˽Ͱϼ쵼˵һԸ, Ҫʲô
ʲôԣе㲻ŻȺ¡
ţΧڵ, ԡ
ȱǮҲȱ, 治֪ʲôġ
ǡɷǲӺڱСͬ־, ֻǲɷճ, ϹдġҲϼ쵼ȹĿһ顣
Ŀǰǲĸ嶼Ѿ, ҵС֪:Ҫɷ, Ҫϼ쵼ġ
ʱ䲻, Ҳʶ쵼, дһֻܿˡ
ӳ˼һ˲, Żش:ʰɣ̫ϣ
ţסлл㡫¶һĨǳЦ, ˼ȫڲϡ
⼸챻䣬Ӻܱ, òкͺõļ, ץסⳡս
㻹ѧӾҿԽ, ҪӦһ
£ʣʲô˵
ԺӾ߲ſԣ˭㶼ˮ
üе㲻
ΪʲôѽҪԭҲܴӦ
ѾսüˣӵȻԼѵ뷨˵˳
һû뵽ԼԭȻ
Ȼůůġ
ԭ̫˵СҲúɫô˵ʲôģ汿

Ӻ˵:ҲûһͰûһ죬
ʱڸڷҡ
ڳøëݺݶӡ
뵽ǾȻǷǲ֣㱻ϴԣ͸еʹļס
ȫУʦһˣôûӣҿֵüʱȻǾϷҵˣ
ʱ˿ֵ̣Ѿɵˡû뵽ƽʱͰ׵ʦǼ/ԭǵĺöĿĵġ
֣Ǵˣԭһΰɣ
ǣòֱתȦǮһԳٳٲŭȫϡ
ĺöӣһһ֪ҵͲȢ㣡
ǨŭԼǮҲҪ֪ôˣһ޸أùȥ飡ûҲһܻ
顱֣ڳ˶𾪣ӽסȣͷ󣬡裬Ҫһ
ңǮ᲻þСŮӣȦ˵飬Ҳ㡣
Ȼ֪˻˵ŶԼ˹Ŀôϣ
Ҫ飬Ǹ׵Ƚʺϣ˼ڲҲܸ
һ壬ֻûǸҲû˵ͻתˣҲǮҳġ
ڶȥ֯Լ󡣶Ҳʱ֪ԭϱĲˡ
׻񡭡
ϼ룬˳ɷõСͬ־
βɷãԲӣԺ˸̵˽⡣ѲͶͲһ̣ĵһ޷ϲá
ԽԽȣȥӾ˺ܶࡣǲӼԺһƬɫ̲
ĩڼһӾ£һëӳš
Ӿ˴ģصɫƣûкôڣص·԰ĳеú
ǵﺣ̲ʱкܶҲˮǴСں߳ˣĺӶˮԡ
ǵͷĺɫ̥ȦԼ̫ˡ
Ҳ֪Ūģرۡ
ϣȴȦȻ㣬СĽ£ʯͷˡӾ̥ȦϴĽӾͱģԼúʵ
ǽӹ̥Ȧ̲ס:㴩ˮ
šϰǰ̻¶
ʱ·ʪ͸ϣ𣿡ȴﻹ
û¡Ӱ̥Ȧ׺ãǣ֣Сߡ
ĺˮȵģʼĲӦˮظˮŹˮĿһˮ˹ȥ
껹һ󻶿Ц
ʱ̹עİȫ۵׾ǳ磬ˮôģ
ˮУܶǵĶҲ˷֣ýżӲţ棬ѽֻҪǺһͺܿġ
ô󵨵òһס۵СţһΣ湻ˣǿʼѧӾɡ
ǰȤֻܹԹԸѧ
Ӿһѧģ֪֪ʶ˼Ҳǰ׳
ѧһҵһоӺæӾ̫ʵӾֻʱȷһš
죬ϪͻȻţֻ÷һڼҡ
ˣһ㶣£
ϪŲ߲ˣЦ÷̣ЩҼֵģȥ԰ɡ
÷Ŵûӡ
Ҽ԰вˣȱЩɶ¾ֱ˵ɡ
ʵϴջ֮ǰԶϪĹ۸ûô⺢Ƕż˵У˼ûôġ
һˣŮû¸˾㲻ˡ
ϪһЦֻܰѵݳȥĲջģۣǰʱȥһҽԺ˵ǹؽףȥҽԺȥšܲ÷ȥæһۣ
÷ſڣûΪĻ治ɣҼӲڡ˵Ƹ˿ӵģɹܲ˹ؽһ顣
˸ŸϪû취ֻȥ촬Ҷǡ
ڼ۵úߺҲΡ
ӵ֪ͨſڣΪϪΪ˶Ӱģ˵Ϊţ:Ǹöϱ߼ҲȢ
ҲûãϴҽԺɷϵģ᲻ûǮ飬ҽԺһͨߣԲȥǼҽԺ˵ˣһô㣿
Ϫ֪Щ£ŻؼҲû˵ȥĵط˵ҲҪСʱҲ
Сǣôˣܲܿһƽϣ
˵ţʣǿ⸱̬ӣߵôȥҽӦȥпޣȥ
ڶǿ˵Ϫ͵̧ɫˢס


38 
ǿķӦ, ΢ɲü
Լֻᵽô¶һı飿ѵͽʲôɸ˵Ĺ
뵽ǵƷզأֿҲûС
Ϫס, ʳӱѾõ:ôʶʲôϵ
֪ǵȻѡ񲻸, Ҫ, ûϵɡ
ԣϪٴ顣
ʵ¶ǵ֪, ½¶ԼĸףԼȴȥĸױֻƭ, ỻı֪
Ϫجج뿪촬ص, Ժߺ, ֶܵӺծ, ֻۡ
Ӱ, ʰʰ, ȥط
ôȵ, Ӱ̱, һ㶼붯, ȥĶҲȥ
ҳȥһ, ôô⣿ģ˵ϻ
ϪǷصһֺۣһˮŰѻ
Ӱһο, ҲûҼŸɣԹԽݻ·
ʮӺ, վĳѵ, ˸ոջڴѵĽ
ǶӰһο, ΪǶܵĶ˲ͱԷǿˡ
һɨոûɵӣ۷Ź⡣
Ŀ⿴úܲˬ뵽ǱϪģҲû˵ʲô
ɶ£߾
ƽʱûҪ£ǲġϪѹĵ׵ĻңЦ˵ţ۵߾ֲڼңܲܰæȥҽԺ
ţУѵҹȥ˫ֲĿбӣûָӰһ
Ϫ״֪һȤûС
Ϊ÷δʶƻԵķգڿûϷ
ҲǣԼûȤôܶԱԼȤأ
УȻȥˣڼҵ
˵꣬ŶӰˡ
ѵӰԵЩ˷ܣ㣬ҽܵĶɣͬ⣡
Ϫͷһۣдž棺ͬʲô쵼ǸܵĶǵ˼һգ˼жǧ£
񣬶ӰĿýȥþԷжôõǸˣ
ĩٴʱȥѧӾθһȥĻ÷
̥Ȧ㲻ӾҲºѡ
Сǣ˵Ҵǲе̫¶
÷ëһǰô٣Ծе㲻˼
ָΧ㿴Ҷôɶúߵģſɡ
ָ̧ͷһǣŮŮöͦ١
÷̥ȦСڣǺԱѧӾ
ѧúúõģûһĹ򣬶ȴ¸׹ʹץס˵ֱۣȵðһ亹
ӣҶۡ
Ҳ̰˴ˮ̳ߣüͷ˲ϴЬҽԺķ򼱲ȥ
۷ܱ𣿡
ҡҡͷ۵˵
ոգ÷Ҳ˶ǵϽϰһߴЬһ˵ЬС׷˹ȥ
ǽҧŴ˻ͼůԼǹ˺ܾȻͽͣǻ䡣
£ϵˡĶͷŲңⱲӵһ˻š
ر¶Ⱥ̣ŽȴȻ
ҽԺֱӱҡ
ֵҽӣ°Ͷ쾪ˡ
ҽĹӰѶϵ֢״꾡һ顣
ڲϣ֣µҪ
кܶԸûɣҲ᲻
ʱһȥϽˡ
ڣļ
Ҳ˵ˣ̥λȣҪһ㶣ʶٴȷϣĻˣ
ֵҽͷͬʱЦ˵ϲ
Ŀǰñ߶ҽҽԺסһȶٻؼҡ
ʱӻУصͷԼҪˡ
Ͼûзġ
˵ֻ÷˫ֺʮ϶죬лүӰҿҹŮû£ϣӽԺƽƽģ
ͷ⽨ҪãǸϽ裬ǶЪЪһ·˰ɣ
ᵽ÷ϽѵϵпЬݸӣӱ۶ˣŽһ·ЬϰɣܹŽſɲС
Ьȥ㿴˫Ľš
зһоӺҲûôˡ
һҹҽԺȹģֱ˯ȥҲſ֡
Һþһҹָ̥ȣ٣㳹úϰࡣ
Դӵ֪Уû·С¶ɡ
Σֻ飬Դʱ䡣ģͼݽ˲顣
֪ûﷴӦԴ֪к󣬶ǶκʳﶼȤԵľ͸оθﶥûš
ɳ÷ŻɶǾǳԲ¡
ԺѼ£ŷ룬ʢһСװ࣬壺ԣͳһ㣬ȳҸ㽲£ܶ鱾۾
һس࣬һڶԡ
ôų⣬ֻʹɱﵣֻҪͿԺһСˮòã
кǶˮһĪĿȣԭǲȵģô˵ǰһĿԺһڣ
ţֻҪͿԡӶףΡ
ֻ˵ˮӡ
ڳ˵һࡣ;ϣæʢһ׵˹ȥ
һĻɱַǻ֪ǻˣֻҽСϱ潿
ԷιǼԺһݶ޶֪ԼԷأ
ĸոһôźţ飡
ǻ֪ԼĻ˳˥ǿ࣬۾ģǲǿԺˮˣ
ȻӦ˾ҪֳŵӰָڴǰȻһĶȻ˵ȥ򡣡
ţȥɣһ㡣һ뵽Ͼܺȵˮѵ˳ӹɡ
Ӽҳȥ˵ϵĹ磬ֻ͹Ӫݲɽˮ
߷Ǯļ۸ɲˡ
óˮƱһƿ±÷ֻһشŵƷаˮŽȥ
ʱϤĳڶࡣ
ϣǸأҽˮˣ÷װš
Ӳȥ֪˭
һֱԽƣѡáҪǿһ𳤴꣬ҲΪһ¶ֹľȥ
Ϊʱˣ˻ͨûУڷб䱾ơ
Ǻ÷иӣ̧ȻѡҾͲҪٴкˣûʲô塣
һҲԾ˭кˣҪвֻǿ㲻ˬ
뵽ӻڵˮȣú˵Щķϻһ̧Ⱦߡ
ŭĻ뿪ǰˣӣ𣿱һòȻӣžͷ
˶žװγڣܱܿΧ˺ö˿֡
Įؿ˶ϡ
˵ɣ㾿


39 
Ϊ, ΥҼ͵ΪﲻѵҪʹһǲܵġ
޴й
ʵҲֻ֪ǵ, öԷù
Ӽٳδʧȥһ, ײļûոī, Թһң, ֮˶ϰɡ˵꣬ͷҲص뿪
ֻ½, Ȼڳ, ʯԴйߡ
ص, Ϊ˲ĸע, , 㲻, ɺ÷
Ǹɶȥˣõɶ÷򷹺, ΪǴʳô
ӾĬûѡ˵ʵ, ǿյ, ˽߻ġ
÷, ŮɵˣûҲѡ
û׷ʾݣĩ˻ҪŶǲϹԶ
صͷ, æݵɲǣŸҳһ, Īֽٺĸо
ﲻ, ǵĶԻˡ⸱, ̲סЦ
ôֲϻ
Ҳ£ֻǲʧӶŷ£Ȼ򿪷иǴóһƿˮ
Ӧҵģֻһڣˣ
ǿƿˮˮˡ̧ͷһۣԼְˣˡ򿪰ɣҶ˵ֻһھȡ
ȻҲ֪ȶ˶̥ûô
ûƿӣֻܰƿǶ׼رһģ˲Ϳˡ
ˮݹȥĿתضԼעȼڡ
ǽӹƿӣƳȳȵˮֻرˡ
ȵٺȣšһ˲ƿӡˡһڣſٰӵС
ҺˣߣҲٿ
Ӱʹޱȵı鿴ͦζ
ڼԺһߡ
ӹɫһֱŴӹĶ߽߼ҡ
Ϫˣæи߾д
߾ǽµı˺ܺһ쵼ˣæ߳ӭӡ
ϴĲ˲٣ôƷˣ
ѶŵϣνˣӦöԵõĲŰɡ
ʱӰ߳һ˻ˣٿǶѳԵģ͸϶Ҫ޸
һ̬ˮȻ¶һΪЦݣͬ־ˮ
ΪŭδֻǡšһƤû̧
Ϫ״ϽѶӰƻط䣬һЩ޷صĴ¡
Ҹѽֻǵˮûɶ˵£
ϴθ˵ˣ˼ҽжôȥ
ֻҪûҾлᣬˣҡӰԼ˼ǿˣһӺܺãɶϪýˣҲ¶ܳɡ
Ұﲻ㣡ϪŬѹѾ˵ˣ㰲ףԽ˼һա
˽㣬ӰôٿЩССϺ
˫ֻǰֱв㲻ңҾȥҶǣʱô죡
ĿǰΪֹ֪˭ֻ֪˶ԶϪرãɷǶԷæܵġ
ϪɫףʱҺóԺúд㣬ôҵģǿ׽ã
ô˵ӰҲʼйеĲôˣ겻Ұ㣬ôõӹ𣿽ƨ˾Ͳˣҵ𣿡
˽ŵʱ򣬸߾˷ţСϪϴҪˣͲ
GͳϪʰ飬ٴιǳЦӰѲٻš
˵һΣˡФĶ󣬸Ͽ˼ȥסҪҶǣҲ㣬᲻㻹˵ҶģҲν
Ӱòһ仰ֱץסš
ͶϪֲַæֻܹԹ硣
£ֻܵͷ
ʱ÷ɿ죬תۼһ¹ȥˡ
ǵĶûθڵǺ˲١䰮⣬ϲ
һ飬˫̥ɰ÷˻ˣ˶Ҫҫһ
Ժ֪ǻˣһ˫̥
ǰ£ڡ
ΪУǲҳġ˴Ӿдһ̨ȡ
Сʤޡ
ͷȺܹ󻹲˼ҶĽѣ׷׿Ǹ㵽ĺˡ
񣬼ˣ촬İ칫ȴȵòУһӣȥˣƴҵֱ϶
Ϊ˽ÿҪˮӶѣҿ
һ죬ϰͽӵ֪ͨ:ȫְȥüϣÿ˿ɷֵһϣµĸ
ǮòˣԼһȥ˳û
ǵʱѾվˡ棬ǲɵ﷢𣬡̫ˣҲ֪ҪŵʲôʱҿˣҲҪˡ
ڸչ£̥λûôȣһʲô£ڶˡ
ǮҲ̫಻ȫȻȥԱͨڣͰˡ
˷ֿ󣬶ֱӻ˰칫ҡ
ڴҶȥˣ칫ֻʣһˡ
ʱ칫ﴫһζԻ˽ȴ֡ǱûȴڶԻԼ֣ˡ
˵ʡǸܵýΪʲôʡﻹûϢȵļ
˭֪أϣûΡ׻˵һɽݶǰ᰽˵㣬ԺҲҪкӹ
˵Ů֣˻ϰ࣬治³ʲô¡
˼ɶҲǹˡ
꣬С
û£Ƕȥˣûˡ
տʼǻֻǵЦԽ˵ԽףȻԼ˲ŭˡ
Сȵ߳ȥ˻죬Цǣ˻ûӦʱһƾ˹ȥ
һ£ˡ
˵ʲôãҪҺӣһ溢͸ǵġ
˻عܻ˵ʲôˣִʵҪ쵼ٱ㣡
˵ţսҪ֡
û㣬ǰһЦ˵ٱȥ£Ҳٱǣһȥ
飬ĸľٱɸոһֲܰװҪŻʱԶһŲ˸Ͻ֣ϧûǵ½ǣҲɹˡ
л˵


40 
ŽŲԽԽ, ͻȻϡһ˫Ŷӣͷϵ亹»䣨ʵȵģ, ҶӺ۰иСı

ûǷ, ¥ݵѾ, ǱϼۣϽΧ˹
զ˭۸ˣ
Сû°ɣҪҪȥҽԺ
˵Ĺ, ǽҧ̧ͷ㲵Сģ۲ѡ
ոǺִ, ҶӺȻˡ
ҿû㰡һƺòã
ԣû
ոջͦŵ˲伱, Ҳۻװġ
һĳ, Ҳ˵ˡ
˰ö, Ѿȥ칫쵼
ûһ, ͸ˡ
ô£ô
ҡҡͷ, ʾԼ޴󰭡
˹, ƤëǶġȻԽ, Խ¡
۵ǿ, Ϊʲôִ
ᵽ, صͷһίľһ顣
˵, ڳ˶ŭˡ
զ˼ҺӶ䣬Ҳ̫ȱ˰ɣ
ѽ, Źи, Ӧðȥӣ
һӡ, ̼ˣûֻŻѣ½Ƕû
ԲϴüǳŻҲУиܾסڳҪ˼˶ãôд¸ᴫȷ˼룿
쵼֪ˣԭһΰɡ
Ҳˡ
ʱǮ±ϻˣǸ͹ϵģһ˲伱ˡ
ǳˣҲûô˼ɣǷ޶һ˵ͷʼǸ۸ҽãǻˣи۸ǻô
Ǯ²̫ܵرֻһӾͰѹ£һţҹȥæ
ƽʱҶ˹ˣļ涯ֵģֻǹ񫣬һʱ֮û˸ҰǷֿ
ܱҲˣ̫ʺϹȥܣָֻһԵŮͬ־ȥܣŮͬ־Σڵǡ
ʱ˿̣ѹµϹ˲ʣͷԵرǱ
òˣǮ˳վ
ٸ۸ǣҼһδһΣ˵꣬ϵߣʣô𣿡
˿ڶУǰСŮ˹âһװˣʹ˸˵ԼװģɶԷû⵽
Ϊ۵˵Ͻַϣһ仰ˡ
ȥҽţǧ𶯣
ҴȥӰл
󣬳ΰ˴ȥ˰칫ңͬ½ԱƲƽȣɿ
Сǣ´˭۸֨һɲٸִˣ̫ˣ
ǰһʧķƵô죿
ԴҵĹģЩ˼ֻ˳ԺԼû뵽ѱҲˡ
ʱǮ۷󻹸һ˪ɫӡ
ǿʱ˶ˡ
ӱǼ˼ɿתš
ûʹ
ǰվ۵׾ǵǺһĨ˵
ǵһμŵҡҡͷûҳ
Դʼкһֱѧ֪ʶһ󣬸߸˵أΪ˰ٷְٷģҪȥҽԺ
ƾҪǼ״Ͻס֣ںöˣոԱΪ˵û¡
Ŀ֮ʣһ˼𱡴˵컹ٰɣҴȥҽԺټһ¡
ǰȥ١Ǯ²ҲŸ͡
˼״һͨȰΣֻܸӻ˼ҡ
߳ſڣǲûȥҽԺӰСطгĺֻʣκۣȭۣʲôԭ´αðյ£Ȼһᵣġ
˵ţַԼ֮ϣǡ񡱿ࡣ
µԼװģǹԹԵͷѵ:¶ؼұ˵ᵣµġ
һֱӲС˼㲻˵°ɣ
գëս;ϡ
º󣬳ûٸǶǡִͬ£ҲһͬʱдǧֵǸڹϡ
ʱƣһɺгУʡǱڴ˺Ϣ
ǲ⡢Ƕӱ˾һ׵ɣ˱һ
˽״ͽƷƪ»ʡϣһʿɹ۵ĸѡ
֮⣬ʡܱ༭һ棬ΪĻдһš
ϱûڱֵطϹ࣬ҲͲ̫׶ԷԼʲô˼
ǳ˻
ʡǱĲɣһԼ壬볤ں˫áʡﱨֽǰ»һ㡣
ˣȻ
Ϊ˸лκͬǵֺ֧͹ĩһ죬óյֵĸȥӪԽӡ
ϵĹӪݲ࣬ҽһɫڵĽӣˡ
ʳ˼ӲˣشһӣֱӰ˶ɵۡ
ʵ촬ĹʴƽʱԶҲסû˭ô˵ġ
üһһٷܳԵ¹ˡ
СǣôƷǿɲ˼Ȼ˵˰ɡ
ⷹ˱ȹԵöãСǣҪҲ͵ǮһƷѡ
ǳԷһΪˣΪǰǳִʱҶʵعٷ롣
󣬴ֻܽĺ⡣
ϵľĩӪԷ˺ܶ࣬߸һԲոպá
ĸڣҲˣֱǽͶӰ
Զǵķ۵׾ǲͷţӰûпǡ
ϲˣӰƽʱ̱ɤ˵ͬ־ȳԷɣȻ߳Աģ
ʱ䣬࿴ˣÿְ֣ÿףͽֱϵ£߾硣
ͱ׼Ҫȸ߾ǿɫϪҲ˼ܸԼⲻ̭ô
:ܶϪôвҲҪѽŪ֡
ʱ֪˼ֻΪ˵󡣶ԷǶϪãܼڰ
˵°ɣʲô£
Ϊ˽ԼᣬӰ⴩һɫȹòףûɫһУԵɫܺڡ
ȴԼ
һֹýԾش˸
ðɣ¡
ӰֱۣѵһɫҽһԼҽжӰסǣһһ㣬20꣬ԽΪǰ㴦󡣡
ȿȿȡⷬ󵨵ıףû׿ˮǺ
ûһͷҲ֪˭û뵽ӰȻϲ
ӰòӪķΧٿˣܲˬ
ûչЩһֻ֪ԼĿ
ֻüͷڵһվþǧ֮⣬ǿڶϪϲż㣬ǵ飬ФһЩĶ´κԸ
˵ҪߣӰ״ץסֱۣϲ㣬Ͳܸһ𣿡
ţǼҪײԼæŲӲ˵ܲе㹫ģײˣ
л˵


41 ̥
Ŵ, ȴб
һͬʱתͷ϶˫ŭ۾
ô
ôĶ㣿
˲Լͬ, д졣
뵽ոյľգûǹ, 鷳עӰ, ̸˵ҲҪиȣҺҸղŶÿ, Ȼͱײˡ
ǻһһէ˵Ҳû, ô׸ӰҲֻǱʧܱǿ, е㶪
˵ĶԻ, ӶǡС, ˰βſڣʶ
رܶͶĿ, СӰ
˻ԸԼ˵, ӰϽֺõ, ýж, Ƣ̫, ر, ñ
ǡ֣ЩʲôȴһԵĶǸˡ
Ӱ˵ûҾͶ, ֻ뿪ĳԶٷǸϿ뿪ҵ߰, Ǿ͵θڡ
Ӱò, ֻԵʾ, ǻ߰ɣҲÿ
װûЩ뵽ԼлҪʣͷû֮ǰ顣
߳Ӫ꣬ѶӰһԵ£ʣ㲻˵ֻһһôֶã
ӰΪϲԼģֿ˻ͬĸҸողû㲻ɣ
𰸣ܾﲻԾ˵Ķԡ
üͷʣǺϵôʶģ
ʶɷ򰡣Ӱֻһ˲ͨˣ˶ڵϲӣʶҲͦ
ûлģѶǺǵ¶˳
ĩ˻ٳ䣬Сĺأ㿴Űɣѽ飡
ô˵ǣĪϲ֪鶼ѵõ𰸣ٴת˵˾䡰һ¡ȸϽˡ
ŻĵȺͱˣӰܻضţԥһ˲׷ȥ
һߣǺͬǸͻؼˡ
߽ſڣͿڷᶫ
ַΧ˲ˣҶ˽
˵ǮզģúӲҪŹŮϼңϷҲֹ
û˵֮ǰţ㲻ˣǮҷҪӻϼң˵ɶҲˣѽ롣
ĬĬЩΪӡ
ʱǮӷ߳Ǻԭޱ϶һĨЦ⡣
Сǣҽͻϼˣɶ͸дţĸ飬ϵɲܶϡ
΢Цͷ۵׳ᣬҽ㣬ףһ·˳磬Ժȥġ
ʹˣǮҰһ̲̳ӽź뿪ˡ
Ӱûа
Ǳ̳ӣڷĳ˼Уֱ÷Ƕιźһ㡣
裬ҽģŰˡ
÷ڼң⡣
ӹ̳ӣ̾ôõھӾôˣҲٰ֪Ļɶˣ
ǻзүǲס𣿡
סǵȥǰ¥ˡ
ûŮˣ԰ûŪס¥ҪסƽһЩ
үڸв֪Ǻڵһ졣
ֹһ£ǵĶˡ
Ϊ˫̥Ĺϵĸµжǿµġ
ڣֻҪ۹ȣǿԶ;еġ
ڣȥǱһ˼λܱ༭û׼벻ľϲ
󣬼λͬˡ
Ϊ·Ʊһ·ͬ⣬ǮºͻҲγж鵱С
ǮûȥǣԺҪţ絥ǲĶǣʹߵġСֶҲɻҾû
һ·ϣǻЦ˯һ㵽˵ط
վԶ
·ʱڵе㲡
קקӵ½ǣСʣôˣѵʧˣ
ֻǶϹ˵ģȴˡ
ţŮһǰˡ
ѹ֡У
˻վԶЦǺǵӭСɩӺþòҴӭ㡣
ôƶǲܵ˻̫أк󣬽Ǯ»ʶ
Ǯ¿ǰˣʮŮشкԶҲһ̬û˼ٿЦ
һվдɲɣǺסķǼ·
ʱ˽ĳȡ
ҹӵһ𣬿Ϥ⣬
ḧ߸͹Сѹǰְĵطϲϲ
̥̣Դӻкÿ춼Ҫʮӡ
Ƕ̾硣
ڻӦǺȻоһٶ֮Ϊǻþ
Ǹոպˣ
ģôûоһֱڶϣȴһ˲䣬ơ
Ǻٿ¶ɥЦͷοԺĶԽԽģû׼ˡ
һҹֻӵߣʲôû
ѾΣڣڱǰ˶ܷŲ
ڶһ磬ȥʡ硣ܱǸʮŮˣôᾹĲɣĵøˡ
̸һкǴǵλʦ˵𣿡
룬ҡҡͷʾԼû
ܱӰ칫ĳóһûƬϣݸ
ͬ־ʮ꣬ҹľʦʡһֱɷɶܾˡ˳ɷõһʡһҳֽ㷢ӡ
ǺӦֻǸĬŵС༭ɷָ߼ʦݼܡ
ܱҲûΪֻǸ˳Ȼ£ܲɷõãɷòҲû¡
ǰѡӱ̲סӣ𣿡
ѵÿǣʾʶ
һҽѧһУȷʵûн֮
ͷʱ֮ԺͬǮǻϣ׼һȥǵĹĻݳ
ѵһǣǻ˱ֵճ⣬ָǮºͻ硣
Сһչһ·׵ůһöΪ˸лھеʱ򣬶ǻ͸һѿ١
֮٣ʮֻϲҪúѧ٣
һԿóζôãûյӵ
ǣָŲԶĶ˵һǸҸúҲһ̡̥
л˵


42 ¿
̥̣
ԼǰĻ桭͸оֵֹģ
ҪԼ, ҲŲ򡣡
һҪʧܸգӿڴտգҲһء
˵Թ, Ǯ¿˵Ļ˶ЦˡѶһ, Сʣǲɵ˼, 㿴𣿡
ǲ˼һ, ûֻΪ̡̥
ɨ, Ըҿjĵѹ
ˣûȥ, װµӺǮ߳С
Ǯ²ü, ̲סʣ㲻ˣ
С˼, Ǿһ, ڸ, ֲֻ, ʲôϲо, ǮȴﲻЧ, ҸҪǮｲʱ˺, Űɣֺ
ǮϸϸƷƷ⻰е, ҪСϡ
ʮӺĻ, ԶƱȺʱ
, һƱ˹ȥ, أ˭ˣ˵һ֣
СʦѾˣҲæԶֿʼء
ᣬֱֳƱһǵļһֻŻͽȥˡ
ǮסЦһ±ƵԶֶһøУСʵ̫ɰˡ
ҽ鲻ãȰȥ
ԶǰԲԲ۾ԲԲĹ;رϲ죬õĸоŶΪʲôܸҽ𣿡
֪ӰǺҽĸ飬Ǯ±սû
Զ⣬۵׵ЦŨˡ
Ļݵ̨硶ëŮݳ˺ܶ࣬˵һƱ
ӽǰšǵһοֱݣ۵ױŷ˷ܵĹâ
ǰλ£ܿݳ㿪ʼˡ
ŽĿﵽ߳סʮ
ʱڶԱߵˣȻץ˶ü쳣к١
תͷһæӵĸ첲ˣͬ־ܣܷ
˴Ŵû취Ӧ
ʱԽԱߣϸ״ɫӣʺкףæԶæ
ôˣ𣿡
ǣǹӦ
ҲҪ
ǲҽֻܹԹվһԲȥңΧߵĶҲ˹ܿ죬Աϵ
һ̧Ļһг׼ȥҽԺ
ӰæгߣȴԱͬ־ףȥҽԺɡ
û̴Ӧ֪ڵԼæ˵ûµģȥɣд
ӸŲȥҽԺԶչ˶ǡ
ڵϰӼǮûطòǣǺǮ¾Ҫȥѣ
ԶӦ˺ֵܣ͵øš
ڰٻ¥ĶǳƷװѡѡȥԼѡһɫķ£ָ÷˫ƤЬǮһɫ״ϣɫ԰ס
Զ̲סզ࣬û󣬵һ֪ԭŮôÿ¹ʰʮԪҲ֪ܲϱ
תһ룬ӶӦҲ԰ɣ
СʿӲһԶӡ
°ѺţԶùĶȴȥˡ
ðɣǴ˱һС
ãáò岻ڣлȻ˸
翴Զһ˿䱸ԶûȤջ֣ʱǮ°ԼĶУգգ۾ȻΪ֣Ͱðɣлл
ԶȽӹ:ﻹ治Լˣ
Ӱٻ¥гһ磬д
֮ǰڻˡ
һֱǣ˵Ĳ飬ӭǰʣôϲأ
ҺþμʱѾȹΣˡ
ϲӵıܵϴǰϴ˰֣ͷʣأʲô
˵û£Ƿˣ뵽һջ¶һرõЦݣţ㿴
˵ţӴóױһǰ
¡ƤЬ޲ѩȵȣбĻͷñܶ࣬ûһ͸ġ
ӴѶһһװȥ߳һĨǳЦȥĶ
Ļ𳵻«έҪȥݷԶĸףʱǿհ׵ġ
˼һ˲ȥ֯ǰͬǣڶżˡû
ٹˣ𱡴ûʱ¡
ҹĻ٣Թ󣬶ǮºͻһŻط䡣
ڴͷ飬ˣ飬ȥˮϴ
Լʱ߽ͷһСڴŵ¡
ϴڴϣ˵һһٳû飬Щż
Ҳ飬װʣڿʲôأҽ£
˸ڴɺ׼ƣҪ£йҽѧģ㲻
ΪĿģֳֻܱȤ˭˵ҲԺ˱ҽѧ֪ʶû
ӲϵҪһ֪ʶ
鱾ÿһɫĲ˲¶
֮ʣ̽ӣ°͵ļϣЦ˵򿪿͸ġ
ҵģ
ţ쿴ɡ
𲼴һпϺֱ
ϲԡ
֮ǰйһֱϺƵģǰʱˮͻȻͲˡ
һֱֱûģǵĿĵоֱһ
˰ֱϣ첲ԼϵŮʽֱĶ룬:㿴һԣͺһ
һ̣޹ģصһίҲһɨˡ
ڶ죬Լȥܼҡ
Ƽǰࡣ
ѻĸ£֮ⲻ˱ԹԶһ˻ɼҡ
²ۣԶϰˣǰڳһ¿ˮ̵ļƣĸô˵ֻǺٺһЦ֨
Ǯ°ķӦ˵Ƥ񡭡
ƼǮµӡܺãý˵Է«έʽͳЪ˼
һǣһں˭ڵĹ
ǧ㴦Ҳɲˡ
ܼҳʱԶһѶߵߡ
УЦЦһ˲ף˵ҪϧûǮҼһѣҰ͸㣬ҿ
ǮصͷԶ쵰˵մĥ߰Ծͳ
еͷۡ
ӵؽס˵лл·ûĵЦûиЦԼĻᡣ
ܼˣȥ˷֯
ǼǶǶͦˣ׵ĳ½İһߣܺСʵҺСһЩдβҪҪ㡣
ܻвдβЩһ㶼Եļ۸ǣΪϲ࣬Ҳһֻ۱һֻۣȫ˷ˡ
ǰһȤʲôϣж٣
л˵


43 
½͵͵Ȼһ, ʮ·Ӧò⣬Ҽ۸رͣǵǮ, Ҳἱ
УЩȫҪˣҽҪ𳵻ؼ, Ǳü𣿡
ü, ѿʱңҰ͵վȥ
Ǿⲻ, ͬˡ
ϣ½Լվ, һ󲼰Ĺҵ, ӱ濴ʲô
ǽӹ, ٰװǮŷ⽻, Ȼ, ȫûΧ˵Ļɡ
ڳ½֮ǰ, ӺǮ²֪, ôİʱ, ˶ܾȡ
ڴ֮ͥû취̫, ֱ˻, ǲŰ򲼵һһʮǡ
һֺ£ǮҲ˷ܣȱ, ۸ҪüԪǮԺֲ͸ˡ
Ȼȥҷһ, ֻд, ·֮Ӧò¡
ģС̫ˣǮĸ첲ϲ, ָ̾ģӽԺбŵһλһҪ޵ĸ裡
һ⻰̧ͷ촽˶հѵߵĻֱ˻ȥ
Ҳ뵱ǵĸɸ磬ǲ֪Ư᲻ͬ⣿
𳵡ѵѵʻС
ʱںԺһȺʿڸ߼ңΪ߾ףա
ͷһԿˮ󵰾չˡϪΪ˶ύѧıһվۻᡣ
˶ʮˣԵرӵ
Ϊ˸߾ӣҲεľۻСƽʱ͸߾ϵ̫õҲˡ
Ϫ糿ʼһֱûţöӰæɶԷģûӰֱۻ쿪ʼ˲Ż
ΪнڣӰ棬Ǹɻͦڷܡ
ȥˣͲڼ𣿡ʱ䣬ϪѾʧȥġ
֪͵͵Լȥҽ׺󣬾͸Ӳˡ
ƽʱӰڳһԸӣûУɻɵúܿ죬е㷴
̫æϪֻɻһ˲ûЩ
ܿ죬Ӳˡ
ͬ־һŮһӰҸط£ʱ̹עһһ
˼һֱȤӰüˣûеСӰɱඡ
˵Ǹ߾ͷӣϪϲüҲû˵ʲô
ӰֻЦһûȥȫһˡ
ʱԽԽۻҲҪӽβ
ʱӰӳж˳õĲˮÿ˶һ
ˮûвҶֻһЩҶĭӣеʲ費̫ȣͷˮǺö˶ȵýζΪ˺Ⱥֻһڡ
ֻûȫȵӰʣô費ú𣿡
һҵĹעô˵棬ֻܰʣĲȫȸɾ
裬½뿪ˡҲڼԺס͸߾˼ߡ
߳߼ҵʱ򣬶Ӱβֻһ̡
ҹ˾·ϣȻͷԷָͣоƽͷȲһʮֹ졣۲ʱҶûкȾƣһ˿֮ġ
ʱһ죬Ѹתͷȴʲôû
˵ٳԴȥӰ֪㲻ȥˣæ˳ơϡһ˵ϡ
ϵӰŽס
ʣô
׷ʼ仰û뵽ˤһӡܷ𣿡֣۰Ͱ͵ϿҩЧûзã
žΪŪҩҩ˵ҩرʹΣֻҪεԼٳ·¾һܳɣ
֣ûȥǺһϬ㵽ʲôĿģ
ʱӰ֪Լ˵˵/طӣĿ˸±Է顣
ԽڣԽٳ
ķӦȷһŲɸ˵ܣ
Ӱͬ־һˡ
˵ɫڵˣӰſʼĻˣֻϿεŻˡ
ҹģҪȥĶؼҡ
Ե/أٴξڣϣߣȻԸ
ĽӰǵһμ
߶վе㻳ԼĻǲǱԷˣ¶ԷҹˣæӵϹԹߡ
Ӻ󣬶ӰһѶңǳ׺ˣҪҽǸȴҲûӰ
ʱ˿̣Ѵȥ˸߼ҡ
Ϫ۷һ漴ʿбռߣ׹һǶӰ˻
ίʵЩӡʲô£
Ӱǵ/أô߼ҲҪܵ飬ⷽ棬˽ǶԼжҲһ档
ûͣѸ߼˶סȻȥҽԺȫ顣
߾͸ĸ±ƣǸ߾ոսû˵ܲζ
ֱôսѿţֻúܶ
ĸŵϪһ֪﾿ʲô£
ϪҸ߶ԷǶӰɵĺ£ֻܺʣѽӦȥ˵
ûв͸ǽ
ڶ磬ǻصԺʱ򣬱÷֪¡
Ӱҩҩǹڵģ
ǵ/طӣ
߼Ҳǣ
Ѫȴʵˡ
ҿԺﶼ֪߼˲ͣȻҲñ顣¶÷Ҳһ£û뵽ӰȻҸҩ
ô𣿡
÷ҡҡͷʾһʱ鲻ꡭ
Ժ۷׷ף˵ʲôĶСΪӰǵ/أȻʵڽͲΪʲôҪɺҩ
ʱҴҶתһ¹ȥķˬռΪ
°ճſڣǾͿ벻ˡ
ʧһµĶӰ
һµѶȴǰһȦҲûž˵ˡ
ģİɡ
ǲ²ĿģǵͷӦ
һ˵ĺߣӰŸҷʹޡ
Ǵ̶ĿöЩ
ܴܲޣ˵ʲô£˵ټ޲𣿡
Ļ䣬Ͷסˡ
Ӱ۾˼ؿ·ڿ顣
㣬
ʲô
ʮǮҾͰѹͶϪܸ㡣
񣬶Ϫϳ˸߼ңȥˣû·ѻؼң͵취ŪǮ
ĿǰΨһܸǮģֻжǡ


44 ǰ
ʮǮ, ൱һ˵Ĺʡ
ڵĹʲŶʮԪǮǿɵӰ㿴Ӱֱ˵ڵ, ȱ𣿸Ҹ㽻ܣ
ѾϴˣҲǵ/طӣᵽӰܼ⽫һӵĳ, ȫֶϪͽ
ʵµһ, ȻϼҲų±仯޳, һлҪСΪϡ
ûǮҲ, ȥұˣܵһˣ
ѾˣϪԼʲôȱ, ¶β, ԼûҪðպͶӰ, һҲϵ/صñӾ͵òʧˡ
Ӱò, вϪ, ԷͲں, ϳ˸߼ҡ
ȻҲͶ·
ǸԱ, ǲµ˴šϪƤͦ, ܱ֪
С, ؼңܲܰңʮԪҶʮУ
«έǵĻƱԪǮһҪʮԪ, ǰԼԩͷˣ
򴽣Զԡ
Ϊܴе֪һЩ, , ӦûϷˡ
Ͼһ, 뻹Ϊָ·ɡ
ޣ㲻ȥҽΪűģ͸߼ҵĹϵġ
Ӱʵ̧ͷȻö˵öԣǽģӦֲ
ȻòˣҲͲںʲô
ӣڲٿˡ
Сǣлл㣡϶Һá
һӺ⣿
Ϊ˸л㣬ҾǸܸ㡣

ûȶǿڻӦԷѾੲݵ˵
꣬ԭŮѣڶżҲʲôܡʼżҽòûа⵱£ֱһΣһѸԭһ˿ɴǲŷѵݿ̫ܲ򵥡
ɵʱϪ磬ԭϡ
ĳһ죬öӰԭ֧Լ͵Կװѱѵżȫϸһ飬µַնǵıʼԷдš
ڼ䣬ҲдһţȴϪ͵͵ŵݡ
ûãϪԶţԼҪˡ
ֽΪֹӰ֪ǸŮ˭ΪǻԷݣʵҲ̫
ԭļУֻ֪λŮǸʮŮˣ㣬Ǿˣ岻̫ãԸЩƸСͨŵĹУԭһֱ䵱ﻨĽɫ
ͨŶˣΪԷٽԭǱϪжϵ
Ҹ˵Ϫƾıѵ˲ٺôѵͲ
Ӱ߷߲ƽֻúЦѽΪʲôҪ
ֲɵŲᱻǹʹ
ʲôл˵ܣƨֻԼϪѡ
Ӱν̬Ĺһɸֵ˦뿪ˡ
ܻıӰЦֱԷʧ߷ΧڣḧСƵسȥ
Ԥϰ㡣
Сʱ󣬶Ӱҵʳáʱմ÷׼ؼҳԣˣޱϸҺ˪
Ӱ׳סȥ·
ߣҪҸ𣡡
ܴ󣬺޲˶üͷҧгݵؾ˵˵Ҫ㸺ʲô𣿡
ˣҪҸ𣬲ȻҸû꣡ǻȥˣ
ۼΧԽԽ࣬קĸ첲ϵٳ˵Ĵ¡
վ˫ֲòᣬϣҲûƽҩ¡ôһңң
ҵģ˵/˶ңϪҲҸϳˣô죿첻Ҹ˵Ҿײϣ
һǸ˵Ӵͷй˵ĳ嶯
˵ɣ㵽ô
ҪٿǮȻһؼңҪҰŹ
ʨӴ󿪿ڵҪֱӰѽЦˣؿɵóͬһĸϪôһˣôã
ǡֻ㻹֪жαϻˣֻҪӦҾͲˣ
С󣬽ûܹκ˵вĿ⽥䣬δ֮·˵׼磬֪죬Ұ㱨һ̰ɡ
Ӱ:
־Ļʱ
ǵ֪Ӱ뿪ϢʱԷȥĻϣ԰ϻ𳵵ǶϪ
߾תҵΣֺֻܾýϣӰĸӰȥ
ǻصңϪƣ
ĸˣƴǰЦӭǺզģǸɨˣ
ԴӶӰ/ץߣĸ̬һֱΪ¶ǣ
Ϫ˳ǣšһ
Ȼĸûôˣǵʮ㣬Ҿ˵ˣƫǸ߼ҵסǸ߼ҵģĩ˻Ҷһѣ˵ݶЩʲôţ
һҹ𳵣Ϫ෢͵̫ѨסƢ˵裬ӰֻǸᣬģ߾ܵӰġͷۣȽɻ
˵꣬㾶ֱݣĸôԹҲûᡣ
º󣬴ԺļҲԶϪ࣬ɶۻᶼûٽ
֮һϢ߾죬ΪꡣϪһˣֻ¸ĸֶӻڼԺ
ڶϪ뿪֮ǰûҹ
µ˵ʱƲһĥǸ˭ԭûʵУһҲ档
ת䣬ǵĶԽԽˣƤжҲԽԽ׾
ϴĲдβ÷С·ϺʺӤ
ӻľڿرߴһΧԷֹܷȥ
ǮÿЩСߣ˶Ϊǵĵ׼
֮⣬СֶҲᾭÿСֶնһ䣺ܵʲôʱ棿
ÿζĵظȵʱǾˡ
ΪüůģӲ֪Ūһúüˮ֮ܿϸо䣬ʱһ档
˼칫Ҳˮβǳ쳣æµ
ţֻһЩɼ򵥵Ĺ
һ죬ڷϣȻоʪһ٣˲˶ˡ
Ȼǰûӣûٲ֪ʶ
ٷ֮ʮˮˡ
ٶֻˡ
㣬Ҫ鷳һ£ȥҽԺˮˡ
ܵΧ⻰Ͳˣ
ҸϽΧɶʱƵģԤڻû
զСȥǮ£
˭Ӱ˵˵ڿզ
Һ칫ﻹи̥Դ㡣
Ҷţǳûֳ˭ȥһС۲ۣһҪżȥҽԺ
ٺʶͷӻµġ
֪ʶٷḻȵʱҲ״ȫɲó
ʱһһȥǮˣֳҲ赽ˡ
ڴҵСĻ£ֳ§ůˮ·ϵ¶ȡ
ֻϣĺһƽ
л˵


45 кС
ֳʹ, ҲҪʮӲܵҽԺ
ǿǮµϣĿ֮ǷɿԹĽ־
ͬһҽԺĻͬԴ㡣ΪˣԴһֱڰο, ºûأȿඡ
ҪǶƽʱεεģ̫ġ
ֳǰ칫С, СҲͷһ, ŵͷ󺹣ȶǻš
ʮӵ·̷·һ֮, ǵҽԺǮºԴȥ˸, Сȥӡ
ڻڼ䣬ҽԺ, ҽһ۱ϳ
ԤӦ¸, ˮǰһ
µӤҪס, ҽʿһ, ȥ׼
ҽ, ǻ᲻Σգʱ, Ѹоʹ, ҧ촽, ĵ̡
ֵӰ, ҽЦǺǵذİɣҰô̥ģǽء
ҽı֤, Űġ
ʱӱ, ű¶ļС
ڿǵ˲, ۵׶һĨ, ڿʼˣڣ¡
ˣɿˮȻס֣¶ӵһ棬е£Σա
ǰһ֪ǳжС
ģƽʱôöҪǣҲҪԼ𣿡
ᶨĿ⣬ڲٺ˼롣
΢΢һֱƽӣֱ˰òֱȥҽ
Ҷͬ£ȻһңƽʱϵӰҽе⣬Ÿʵ
Ŀǰ״̬ãָ˳Ӧû⣬ⷢתʸҲ׼ˣһ㲻õġ
ҽô˵üչһЩ
˳Ǽ£ʱԽãʹҲԽƵ
ڲϣɫ԰ס
ʱԴСѾȻȥˡ÷õϢ˹ӤõıůƿҲŵòС
ʹӾʿ˲ٽǰӽס֣ͷһǣ˵
ֻһ仰޵ĳ嶯
:ӸöáءԺҲҪˣ
ȫֻһ˶⻹һŮӡ
ǲ֪Է˶ãֻͦҵġ
ʹѹ壬·ÿͷλΪԼҪܵʱ򣬱ڶҪˣ
ҪסҪϣԶԶԣӰѾ
ſһһӶµġ
ȻһɣһۡĿ쳹
ϲ㣬Ǹֶӡ
ʿѺӱǰĿֻǸ̶ѣɶȴøϸֱڲһС̥ǣŰûʿѺӱߡ
ʿ̲סȤİɣǾҽԺϸ񣬿˵ǸѹأССӲᶪġ
ֻǵЦ
ֹʮӣڶҲԹԳˣ
͸ĺɤŲͬõĿֻСèģ
ǽؿ򱦱ǳʲôô
ڱĿΪʲôôС
ոյĸ翴׳ʵеö۲ѡ
һ鿴õļиСˮ̥ǡ
㲻õģܶճӤⲻһҲֺˡ
أʿýǻУԼŸ߳
55غϸʱҪ䡣
⣬ӽⲽű򿪣ӭȥ
ɫ󣬸߸˵ء
ˡǰʪ鷢ĵĸжݡ
ʱ÷ǮҲ߹÷ӹʿĺӣ˶ϲõУϣ⺢ӿúСǳʱһ
ëལСС죬žϡ
кŮ̫ɰˣǮ´չǻã뱧ֲҡ
˵䣬Ϊһ·ߴٵȻزɣз硣
һѣ÷ϽźǱߡ
£˳ǲҪסԺġ˫̥Ϊ˰ȫǾҽԺ۲һٻؼҡ
һңиոڲŮȶʮӣǸŮ
ǵϲЦտԷȴһݡ
ͷŮ˺ܶ࣬ķӦܳǶְпĵˣҲûȥǵĹ¡
Ǯһ죬ֱϲߡ
ӤıǺ̶Ѿ˯ˣݵ˯ݾһСʹ
ڴߣĶǵļ˯Թ˯һҪˣٽ㡣
ɶȴ񿺷ܣ۾ӶǱǵСۣʵ˵ǵĴүүôСѾˣУýСǣú𣿡
ǣûκ
÷һЩ֣һͷˮɶ˼զôСأУǾǣΪɶҪСǰдúء
ۣ裬͸од
˿̣洲ĲޱĬĬ
뵽ӣżһ˶ûʶǵĺһŮ
ŮүΪʲôͲܸأ
ʺ/ҰݣǱ̰
ҹ˾̲סеӤߣŴŷཱུС¶һĨĸ΢Ц
Ҫӵʱ򣬻谵ķͻȻһĮҪ
Ůŵ֣æ͵ֻǿɰҪ
ӴӴվŭӲ֮ɪɪ
ʶغûٿ
棬ӰӤŲǵĲԽһ𣬳˵٣˵ĺӣһΣ²Ϊ
Ů˱ŵøϽصԼϣֱû
һҹ˯𣬺ιţ
ʮֶ£ϾŵԹ̺һ˯糿ѡ
ôõ˯߹öǶǵİ֡
羭ҽǱźӳԺˡ
ʮ·һʱ°Ƕţһճ˼ҡ
ǻ֮ǰ÷ǰ¯ӡûһůƮһζ
ǽʱ̱ζˡߵ̨һӣɫ̲ס¿ˮ


46 
, ǵ/ˮ̫壬ò
ҽԺʱ÷û˼˵, صҲûʲôñܻġ
ңǿڿر߳, ÷չС˵ȳ, Ӱͨͨ/̣𲻺˼, ܺϿҪ֪
˲ɫ, 㶼ζˡ
һԺ庢ӵҲûõȥͨ, ϶˼ֲڡ
÷ſȥ, κбøŨˡ
ʱ, ں˯, ´γ̻Сʱ
һ, ر, ԼȻЩ, ۵׵ȴûշ, Ƶö̲סӿ졣
ߵصͷ, ˿°ڡ
ǰ, ɵۣǿɹ, Ҳ쳣С
һϯ, ̲סӤ/̳, ˵ŵϽҧס̧꣬ȴס
ʶְͷٿԼȴûøɬɬġ
ֻ˵ͨһͨЧģȱٳʱڿɳԵˡ
Ԥ㣬ӦڳϦǰ
ǰһ£ǰһꡣ
зȥ籨үӿϱͺǶƽǳ׷ˡ
Ӧӵ룬ȥһ
ｲ˾ꡣ
Դӽ£ú֣ϲʼð
Ƕǵһں꣬ϧӳݣֻдĶ÷Ǯȥð
ĩСֶﻹ˫СЬ˵͸ǵġ
ѯʲ֪ЬûѹǮġ
ССȻ֪Ǯǰ;
ֵܾȴԵͦ󣬻ߵرߣڿϺȻ˯Сһǣ۵϶һĨᡣ
ӶǻеǱǳɳļ֤ߣеؿֺĸо
ָźǣЦӯӯܿ˭Ǹ˭𣿿Դս㿴ǲѵġ
ɻ绹°ǳѣŵϿ̽鿴ǵĲͬ
ʱСǺȻۣһ˫Ĵ۾峺Ȫ֪ǿ˻ǸոΣһ䣬Цúܿġ
һٶ
˰βС:𣿡
ѽԺҲãСǡ
Сǡϲ֣ġ
СֶҲƱСϿ̫ˣǺΣֻСƨɰһѡ
òˣɻûͱһĶֹˡ
СֶգգۣЩ⣬Ϊɶܿܿ
˱죬ίÿˡ
Ǽ״ЩЦãСֶձյԱߣԻ˵ǸСѵġ
ʱ˯㣬ȫ֪кü˫۾ڿԼɵЦĵλǡ
ͷУɵʦǰ죬ʦıճͶˣǸʧıڣӦúһɰɣ
ԽٽϦζԽŨ
˳Ϧǰһ죬ȥͷүӡ
үʮ꣬رӲʣʮˣôõĻ𳵾һ˿ƣ
ס˲棬γûԱֻһġ
ôû˵ҪԼ֪Ҹȥվ㡣ùϾΡ
Ǹϵˣֱͦǰ棬ʵǶǺͺǵִһ÷ڵΣ
ڸϼ棬ģһһ˽
ǻصʱճ̣÷ζŲ˹ĶǿģүˣĶȥӭӡ
俴ͬûټսѣۿЩʪ
ͬģ÷ҲܼǼȰο:ش󲮣Ұȥ֮ǰ߶Ұط꣬һرˣҲѹСϿЦ
䱻Цûټ廳ˣǸݡ
ǶǵһμүӡеĲͬ˼ҿûô࣬ЦǺǵģԵƽ׽ˡ
òкϣܸԷһӡ
֮ǰ俴ǺӵĽƬ˲ŷǰҪƬϻÿ
ˮģһǸúӡ
ͷó˼
˼ӣҲΪ˰ؼϱνУֵʲôǮֻһѡ
ǽӹƴκд˲䱻׹ӺӻϹۡ
͸ɫضֵơ
һ̣Լ븻֮·ֽһ
ʶؿӣʾ£ſĵذκպá
κУ仹͸ÿһƽԢƽ
֮ǰѾӵ֣ýѩ
ϣǳ֮沨Թõˡ
ڶǳϦ
Ǳ⡰ѡ
ι̳ͿڰǼë÷ڶڣүд
شչȥò˼ҵдãһóȥһᱻҪ
÷ˣָʹȥ񼸸ʮһ͹ȥ
Ӳ磬æĻȥ񵰡
ⷬٶע⣬ͣдֵĶ÷ΪǼԼӸɻˣЦݽ͵СǸճӣƽʱҼСҲǸɻġ
үڻعȴûĻָŴ˵Ϸⴰ죬ǰҹŲ£ֻⷿһ㴰ɲУ޵ĵطޣС̫ģ˲ģ
ӻģ÷죬ոճΪûʳڡ
֪ΪɶŮôˣԭүү
ĳϦ벻ӣҲûдᣬҳԹӱ׼Ϣˡ
ʰ꣬⴫顱ܼ٣ʲôż£
ģֱͻͻ
·ֵͲݣһǽ
һˣҰͷۣոݿ˹ȥ첻ˡ
Ķ
ԱȥҽԺˣѹ˲ĶԹ
Ϊҽ۶Է˭ҪȡӶĶǽһŽ˳ҽԺȥ
ͷжˣͷ۵ʱΪʲôȥҽԺ飿
ĸǾıƽʱæֻżͷ۸ûӡ
˿̣ǳʣԶԡ
ܿ죬ңڻС
ֵҽˣֻǾһ˲㿪ʼ㱨ǰ
˽ݿ˵ԭҪһļ顣
ʱڼԺ
ǲǱߵֻ֪ǺͽһߵģΪʲô£
ҹڷߵģҲ֪ȥ
һʹûǿɾ鷳ˡ
ȥСǻû˯űͬʱҲͼԼ侲
ģС˯ˣԾûֻϵˡ
˼÷ºӣԼȥҴ绰
л˵


47 Ҳ
÷֪Ӻͽʲô, ֪ġ
ҪȥˣүӰڰ֣ùڵġȻʱͷ¿Ƶ, ¡
һߣм¡
ڵϹ, ÷䶼ȥ֮, ֻܻصȴ
һȾһҹҲû
ڶι, ֱҽԺȥ
ʱҽһ𿪻ᡣڽıĲΪ, һʱƣȶתȥܾҽԺ, ڵض, صרҵ豸
, Ҿõڶ
ص칫, ӭ, ۵ײѪ˿, ҰֵĲô𣿡
෢͵ü, Ľڲ, Ҳʵ˵ˡ
ʲôôأһ򽡿Ӳʵĸ׻ֲ
Ŀǰֻƶ, ȷһлҪרҹܵóĽ
ֽҽѧ豸ʱҽϲ, ֻܿ顣
ͷѵõ, , һҪκ
ôһ, ¶ػϡ
ģһᾡġ
ʱҲ˰칫ҡʱ˵ءҲڣ۵׻ɻ
ǰգ:ô죬ôܳˣȥ¯ӱ߿
Ǳ¯ԣŸоһҹûȥҲģ㡣
˵ţָؿ
Ӵͷת뿪˰칫ҡ
뿪˶û⡣
ӵĽ֪ͣԭǽıˡ
컹ܻؼүүҪˣǴһʱ̫ˡ
˵׼⼸æҾϻȥ
ô꣬ӾԼǷүӺܶ࣬俴£дһסɣ𣿡
ȻðʵҲôġ
Ϊ֧ҽĹǰȥʳ緹ŶӵĹΪĻʿ
ֻŮʿüͷʲô¡
òǻǺͶԷк
ʿӡΪ̣Ϊôֻ꣬ʱ鿴ӵϸڣҲԺ죬ƶһӤ
һжɺϣ֪ҽӣ˻͵Ӥ
̥ˣûҪ͵ӡ
ǼԷһֵֺԼʵôˣʲô𣿡
ᵽ£ʿøӳ࣬Ժ죬ǿƶһӤ֣Ҷڷء
¶һ𾪵ı飬û뵽ͷ͵ӵģ
Һδѣѱǵ̥Ƕסˡ
ô죿лɶ𣿡
ʿ̧ͷüۣվû˵Լɹ
緹ڻؼҵ·һֱ붪ӵ£ֱ˼ŲŻع
÷겻ģΪӳ£ͼˣզģûҽԺûҵ
ǣֻ¡
Լ˺ӣͻǿңҲ˷Ӻ֮ǡǰѶӵ¸߸÷ĩ˻һͨ˷ӣɺޣһŹǣ

ļ죬رæµŻؼңÿ쵽ҵһ¾Ǻүļٸ¡
˳壬ү̤˻ؾ֮·Ƕǰȥվġ
ӵæµѾֲˣϱʱ䳤˲⣬ǳŻûϾʱ䣬ĳ
Сǣүү֪ӶԲ㣬ǹܻؼң˭ܲˡʵСʱ뵱ѧһ߿ɻûҽ̵һزా꣬ѧҽͷ㿴ƽʱ䣬ʵظ飬үүô˵𣿡
˼޸ӵػѵ׼
ֻû뵽ôҸ
˹æµһ㣬ǾѾ㹻ã˿ǧ֮һ
Ҫѧ֪㣬ھͺ֪㡣
ΪүӰģ֤Ϊԭ顣
̨ĳŵЦ˳
˸󣬶Ǳ㳯̨ĳȥ
ΧɫҴҸϳˣºͱײһֱż򣬾ܿ˶ĵطߡǧ㣬ȻиӰײ˹ʶض㿪ȴײ˺ˡ
զ·ģһﱧô
תײ֮˵˭󣬲ȳG㲻ǺһӵǸ𣿡
Էһ㶣űϵϴˣҲʶ㡣
ǱΪԷԼɣȴû뵽ķӦ
Ŀܰ˼Ǵ
һʱŮ˵ɷˣײҶˣǲϹϱ׽Ǯ
ӣŮ
ǿˣٿñʵʵӤȻйŹ֡
ǷֻǲĽţûӣҪô˵ڶˣȥɳҲ㡣
ò׵øӣĻôˣ
ǰŻˣϧǲһס
̧°ͣò˵ˣûײӡȻײˣΪʲô򿪰ӣ˵ѹ֪ûˡ
ʱŮקק˵½ߣȴ˻ȥ
ثӱ۸˶ҹܣҹһȥ
Ůûһ죬ֻ͵͵Ŷǣ΢΢
ǵܴѾܶΧۣӰ˹ΰl
ʱƷĹԱ߹ԶǺʵô£ʶ
û˻Ӧȷ˵ͬ־ǲʶһúӶǮƣӦǸ߷鷳ǰץȥ飡
˲䱩ŭƨɶʱúӶˣͬ־ǿɱ
ʵǿǴӣǼ˳վ·ɳ
ɳ˵˵򿪰ޱԺǿûҶӣɲʲôٺӣһʮ֣ö棿
ҲӤӣӤӦúв󣬲Ůĺӡ
ʯ䣬뵽˻ʿĻһ󵨵Ĳ²⡣
Ǹ溢ӣô֤ҺӣϾô죬û˻İѺ
˱òУûȭͷˣ
ǷˣոŮ˳ײҲģ


48 ι
ŶԷǸҪ˵, η塣
С͵ģͲܵȻҵڴ롣
ô˵мֵ, ˣô, Ǳź׼ȥĶӶˣģ
˼˶ǵĻ, ֱӺˣⲻǹ, ǴӵݡӴú񣬱ﻹˮ, զ䣿Ҷӣ
ٴδ򿪰һǣȻиȵˮ
Ӳ, ȷʵչ˵ôϸ¡
ۼҪ˵Ļ, ˣ⺢ģҿһ㶼񡣡
һųõĺզܺ͸ĸٴȷڹҲ, ȻģǲǸг𰡣Ҫٺ, С㣡
ҲǶǹ, Ǻǳһ, ׼Ȱ˫Ҫȥ
Ǽ״, ֻʵʵ˵, ͬ־, Уһô֤ݵģΪŮҺһ, ȫƶֻ֪һŮû, ǲſȥҽԺ, ǼҽԺǰʱ仹һӤ, ˵ǲǺɺϣ⺢ӲǸӤҲǵӣ
Ů˵ĶУɫ˲Ұףؿǽϣ۵׾Ǿš
ԱԷ޵ķӦҲпΡ
ǿ˵⺢ӵģ
ͨ˵һġ
ŮڳŲס
˼һ±ƣȷӦףѵ治Ҷӣ˵ĶŪĺӣ
ԭڶǳԺ죬ס²Ǽ˳˲⣬ֻһչ
Ů˼ӤðǸСӣֶ˼
ˣʮ»̥żûûǮ죬ھҽԺҲǸ⡣Ӥȥȫ˵˫̥
ͷԽԽңŲ˯ӳȥ򷹵ļ϶Ӥ߽ݣԼסԺؿŶԷҺӶ޶ԡ
ĳڳ˶޵ǰѷµȾȥҽԺʵ󾡿ҵӤĸ
ʮϹṩŮʱҽԺַ
֮һŮҵ˶Ǽҡ
ǸʶǻĺѰ
ǡ
˵УȿڵǰСǽ㣬лģллҵܵܡ
ûܵпҲҲˣҲһӡ
ˣʦǼӯؿǣϵл
ǰýݣŵһǸʧӤʲô
Ƥװף۾󣬺Ͱúر
֪ͨ͵ӵŮ˺ѱ߸죬ɷΪ֪飬ûеõһ˺ꡭ
ĸҲھΣæûܹϣû˿ӡ
Ϊ˸лǵľ֮ǵӵĸ裬ٸ֣ȺӳҪ֪Т˳
Ǿֱʽе̫ˣһѲֻͬˡ
Īɶӣ͸һոµСް񣬲˸а
ܾúܾԺ󣬵Сֶ֪ʱͺʶƯ衱ģһճСȵˣ
Ҳϸ裡
ʱһȥתֵ˳¡
ǳӺϰˡһ㶼ʳóԷȻٻؼι̣ذСʱҪȴǰæµࡣ
Ǯ̸Ķץˣֻ֮ܳĩϢˡ
ִȦСཱུģ껭ϵޣȵġ
Ǯ߶ŪűԼҲôɰĺӣͶһԸΪǵæ
ôƲֵģ£ǿܺ˭һֹۿʵĹˡ
ᵽǮ³̾СǣҪ̹һ¡
ʲô°صġ
Ǯԥ˼Ӳ˵:ʵҺԶһֱͨţȻұˡ
Զ
ǲŵ۾ȫû뵽ߵ˾Ȼչֵزˣ
ôģӦ𣿡
Ǯ·ߣһ̾ҷľʵӦֺµʱûкýԲ֪ôš
ôԶڿʲôߵһҪʵģһҪ
Ϊ۷ֵǳ°󣬶˵£ĿľԶвУǷֵи
ڹ̫æӺԶǷСƽʱϵ
Ҳǵһ˵֮£ͬ¶һĨȡ
˽Զ˵˵ô𣿡
ͦסе㻰࣬ԺԲơ
ǰ̸𣿡Ǯ½ģõ𰸵⡣
ӵü˼ǼַӦĸų
һ˲˵ϲû̸ģ𣿡
㰡Ȼ㣬˵˵
֧䣬׼ԡ
ʵԶĹºܼ򵥣ϲ˼ң˼ҲϲԷˣҲˡ
׻˵òõġ
ӰӾְõĸ飬δ׳Ϊе㲻̫ǮºԶδ
ڻϵ𣿡
⣬޷شΪҲ֪
ҲµĴ̼Ƕؿ˰ʣأҽ֮ǰûϲˣ
ϲŮ֮£ʵʵͦԵģֱǴϴס
˵ϵĻܾţҲʲôؾҲ˵
˫·ܿ͸һе۾ӵҡͷûйֻϲ㡣
˵ıףǺʶʱ񣬲٣ڶ̹ġ
ڶ죬ǰ˵Ļһһʮ߸Ǯ֪
£˵ĻֻοҪԼ
Ǯ¾֯ϵëΪѵľأ˵ףϲġ
ѡһֻ񣬲Ųȥ룬⵹ǰǧ֮Զˡ
ȥûȵ˵ĻظʧȥģҹŻȥ«έ
ʱĩ
Ҹų촬ȥʵزιۣǻм/λҲС
ĵһ¾ҪǩЭ顣
źľ£ڲӿĺǰʮֵͳӸδҩϡ
ͬʱҲݸһ飬ɳΰذڰ֣ʾԼδ
ȰҲûټ֡
ҵʵ齢ǰΪ˵
ţʱǣûҲûкķٲʢ
Ϊι۵ʵ齢ڴԸֳǰУԼܡ
αͦţΪԼδɫˢסŻ²ֹûоιۣʮֺڸոûǿҩ
۶ɫƽűʼǣһδ˵Եø롣
ι۹󣬴ϰʱϺŲ鸡ҡ
ǣǸҩĹ𣿻㱾Ͳδ
棬ͳһҩݸ˵һ飬δģһԾ֪ˡ
ο£θڷţǼӿŲֻϿ뿪
ǽеЦ
ʱһ¡ʳڵ˴ӽǽҪԶæֹͬ־鷳ǵһ£


49 һ
ǺͳβԼͬתͷ, һãȻ
ոڽϣûˡ
С߽ˣǶԳò, 漴΢Ц˵ͬ־㻹ǵ𣿡

գգ, ӡ󣿰˵Ŀ, ܼǲס
λ
ԣ˭¶Է, ǰһ֮䣬γһֱ֮ˡ
˼״ֻЦЦ, ͷ͵ǵĻ㰮˾ȹҡ
Ŷλ֢ߣ
ţԡ
ʱĻܻ谵, ûϸ˳ʲô, ɶԷȴμסӵò
׻˵ˮ֮ӿȪ౨, οǾ֮
ոڴ俴, ϳ˭ֻ, ûк
:Եֻ, ǽµԵȻ«έˡ
һԿú, Ҳʶ, Ųûٵм䡣
˼ÿ, ҽܡ
ҽʱ﹤ʲô֣

ǰһ, ʣǾʦ
Դһ˽˶֪֡Լݣ̫⡣
, Ҿǡ
Ǻܼ, ǻľʦ, ǳھоںʵʡҪɷɶԷʵ̫͵һֱûܳɹ
ˣرģ
ܸʶ㣬ҽжǡ
ƽʱֻͽ򽻵΢ֶ֪ٴЦ˵áûˡ
ڶ˵׼˵ʱٴοڵ:ʵи֮룬ܸ㰮˵Ĺλлл
ӵĹûʲôԣǾûҪͬٸ߶ԷȽϺãҸʱȰܹȥˡ
ʱںͷ
ӿһݵԶ
ԼæȴСһ籨ŪǷСϵ治Ը
ؼҵ·ϣһֱԼੲݣӣǮǲǺͱ˴ˣΪɶأ
ǮôģӲֻ̫ǰʱǮʵЩ⣬ԼԼĴһ顣
Զûඣϲǰ˰ǰ£զҲ˵
Ҫʵģѵƭ𣿡
֪ԶûٱԹֻȡ˵զ죿
˶˻ûһôӿ챻Цˡ
Ǯµĺ⣬ûϲˣһ˭⡣
ԶڲڣǮ¼һӣԶزֹûˣĸҲûչˡ
˭Ǽѵѡ
ԶĬãͻȻֹסŲ˾ȥ촬ôߣ
ˣΪָ·
СʱԶվڳſ⣬쳣Ǯ¿ʱ˶סˡ
ûһ
㡭СǼ͵ģ
ɵģԶ̲סЦ͵ġ
ȥͣǲζҪҳǲǷѽ
һûӦ㣬ȥҼҸǮ°Ūǰ黨裬ԲԲϲΡ
Զ˫ֲ嶵ŽűߵʯӣסЦ˵ʵڴӦҡ
Ǯҧ촽ࡰ̣վû̴Ӧ
ֻһ仰ҴΣôģҲҪ󼸴βС
Ľ߿ԶЩĳȣԼ°ټ棬ȰĿͽȥ˾ҽԺ
㲻ȥǮôֻˣӿϷ͵üġ
ԶװûĲͷ칫ǰϣ̵˵Ҹʲô²ܴӦأ
ҽ̲㣬ҺСûͽˡ
Զ:
žͦˡ
ӻнǴСһ𳤴ѣȻ˹ϵֵòôԶͦĽ״
Ĳôˣ𣿡
ᵽˣЦ⣬ãָòٹܳ׳Ժˡ
ôæûʾ𣿡
㲻жҲӦܵɳ˰ɣ
뵽̬ȻãӵЦ
˰ؼǳ֡
Ϊ˽ӴλԶĿˣ÷ϺڽӣǮҲӦУǰʮ֡
˵棬Զ֪Ūһ֪Ұ͸Ǯ£֮ۻޱ
һΣǮڵͷӦˡ
һ緼ģ򱡴ӵķ˼
Զֻ٣ȥ·ϣڵϴ졣
ŵǮ»ᾡתҵȻĸǮû̴Ӧ֪˺ȰԼְҵؼʱֻ̣ϣһά״ͺܺá
Ѯү˰ѵϵķһ£ټ϶ǵľƣӲܰ䣬ÿ˵Ҫʲôȹ滮õġ
ǣ˭̲ס࿴ۡкü˰ҵķԺӡ
Ѯһ죬ҵǣϣܰԼƪͶʡ
֪ڱ౨붼û;ܾˣȻƪ£ԶЮ
Σֻܷα뷨һѯӵ
ʹԷʾͬ⣬Űѵַ
ںûм棬Ҳû
ŵԽԽȣֵÿӾڡ
Ѿ߸´ѧߡ
Ϊǹ죬Ѽ·һ裬רˮá
ʱӱŰҲкС档
һ£ʱҪޣͰ޶ܺá
Сֶղ࣬ǶˮҲ֪͡ԼǸ磬ܺ͵ܵˮ棬Թһ߳ϡ
СǿڳԺͮͮĶͷ˰죬ûҪ˱졣ίС·˵:Ϊʲôԣûأ
ֶձЩڣֻǡ
Ư裬ܸ𣿾һСڲԣ㿴
ûȶǿڣᳵ·رСǣ˺ģʽԡ㻹̫СܳϣȥС̺òã
СƶǶؿֺС˳ȻЦˡ
ʱпñ˱ţҲ˫ҪͼСֶն˾ǰ˵̵ӺҪģƽʱٳǣȻͻ᳤֣
һ¶ؿݡ
л˵


50 Сϵ
«έмرСĵ, һаٻ
ǻ֪Ϊ˯ǰԼȥ档
ֻǣ硣
, ǶѾ߸ˣҪٶٳ, Գһ㸨ʳˡ붼ûʹӦ
ÿ峿ȥĴֻ, ЯһЩˮ͸˴
ٻҪһСʱԵĲ˻߷ĺŸ, Եʮ˷ܡ
ô޻ܳ棬˵ļڡ
Цݲ, ҲһĨǳЦ
Сʱ󴬿Ƿӵ˴
ӳ, деֺϵɽ·
̧ȥ, ʣʲôѽеأ
ȥ֪ˡǣǰ, ոֻС·, ԽԽԶ, ·Ҳÿ, Ұӿ
֮һƬ, ɫв, ֮⻹һ۾̨, ƾɵͤ޽һꡣ
ǰǱ̺Ĵ󺣣̺Ļĺ紵
ӭ, ˲䰮
ʵ̫ˣ
ϲϲԺԳѧ۾, ޱȷɡ
̫ϲˣ´οԴһѾʼ, ´ǿҰ, ֱǸȼʥء
ţáٴŵʻһС⣬ĻҪԶƯ
һ˲漴뵽Զ͸Ǯµ˼
תͷˣЩЦãͬ־ɡ
ֻǵЦȫⱻȡЦ
ٻ;˲̫࣬ǺȻͷļϣǰп˵һˣжã
ԶӼӣǲ
ӲͷǼһǣǳҲм񼾽Ծסϲǿӡ
ӣֻһ˵˿ȴ˼
ôҪŬ׬Ǯȸĸ￪źû׼СʹȨʱﵱҲ
ʱӻ֪ӵҰôֻǵķӶѣɶǵǵȴ
ʱҪˣԺ˵ɡ
ûҸ뷨뵺󣬶ԶǸСЩᡭ
ٻ«έ͸ׯ¡
ÿ«έĴֻ࣬˶뵺ѡ
һ죬ڽͷһʱֵŮڴⲽ
ٴ򴬷дŽⶼһˣô׽ܲܿ
ǰŮˣҲΣڷܿʲôʱܿҲ֪Ҹдסһɡ
Ůһ⻰øˣУҽҪϵҴƱҲܿԲУ
ΧҲڵȿǺǮ¾УҲܽ糿ģ첻ܻصϣƺǻˡ
Ҳ֪ʱУΪѴҲûá
Ů˼Χ˶ֻǿŲ˵Уô֨ҪŽܳ£
˵ţǵķڵС¾֪ţ˽

ָɣľٶöǺǮʮߣǮһɣĳЩʺɽǣǵһɣᷭӦöԼ󣬻˻קϼ
Ů˱ͷһ˲ɫ㣬˵˭أСѾͷƬӣզ˵أ
˵أôˣָɣǷ
Ǯ³Ƣ꣬ƽʱڳû˸ǣŮˡ
¶ԷܣæǮ»󣬲һ䱸ĿԷ
һʤ㡣
׻˵ǿѹͷߣŮ˳էزĸǵˣǺݺݵǣص:ΪǣҿˣŲûĻ˽ƽϣ۶
˵֮͸Ͻˡ

ҲıӰǮ»ëɣԺñҿȻҼһһΣ
ǰԵļЦȰһʶģԺ󲻻ġ
ϣɣ淳
ʱȥ
ֱӲŵõ֪ͨ:СԿˡ
ڴϣһοǸŮˣ˫һ˭Ҳû˭
ܿ죬Сʱȥˡ
ӴԺ촬ԺϰǺǮ¾ͷˡ
ûֱӻؼңȵ¯ͶӸŻȥ
ƽʱﺢǶ࣬ᱸСʳ֮ǰЩԺȶѾˡ
߽ӴԺʱɲǸŮˡ
սʿڸ˵ǻˣ翴ǰæסɩӣλͬ־˵ݣʶ𣿡

ڳŮ˽һ
ǲҲʶǲϴˣ
ǸŮҲһŵӵʲôˣ
ֻ˵ʱԵ־ôԵҲԵ
ôҲû뵽ǰŮ˾ӵС̣Ǯ֪ôѪ·һһģ
Ϊ֤ʵԷݣҽԺȥ˵绰õȷ󣬲Ű˴Ժ
λСԨԴĳòʺã˴档
ԷҲһ֮ǰᣬЦ˵ǲʶԭӵӰСƢͦ𱬣ԵԸҪǿ
ǶһĨЦǫƢ
Ů˳˳ǣֱ
Էʱǲ֪λС̽ҶƣСáֻ̽ӵģ
ܾӦûô򵥡
ڷϣҶָŪԵУЦ˵⺢ӳøСʱһϲҽ㻹һܸˡ
˵꣬ӵı飬ԷûʲôӦ˾䣬˵ǰɣӣ
̧ͷšһ
ǰķӦĬĬԷûжԡ
ֱ˯ǰ˻:Сǲǲ̫װǶû˵仰
ǰҲûʲôܻ䣬ţȷ˵ҺǱߵݶ̫ס
Ҳԭģĸмﶨδ򣬵׾ͻ˻Լ
Ϊ£⹫һֱŮֱĸȥ׷Īͬʱϻ
ɳ飬ֲҲ̫塣
ĺʾοѽͷ¸߸뿪ЦС鷳˭
ѡ⣬ֻҪǸ˶֪ôӹü˵Ҫ˭ȷ˰׵ġ
Ϊ棬ɴ۾ʣ˼ǣһ£
ûô˵ҡ°ܣӽ§סװԵطʵôˣ
ѲֻܳӲĸȥͬҸû˵Ҫȥ˯
Ӻòװᵽĸסˣô׷ˣ
ǱüۼǣҲѹüͣ⾲ĵҹԵ쳣ԸУոڶ㣬ҵģ˭Ҫ
˵ţסĴָ¡
ǱòӣֻããһƬǿĸǺϺ£ʲôҪƵġסĲӣֻô
л˵


51 
ڶ, 𴲺㿴Ҷƺһ𿪿ĵذӡ
ǼҶƵĿΪŮֵһͰס
ˣҶһؿ˵, ˣȥˮˣҪ˵Сǵ, ҵô֪֪ȵˡ
÷û˼, ҲЦǺǵظ͵ѽŮһһĺˡ
ǵû, ££ͷ̳һͷԷ֮
ΪԷ˵ʵ, ȷʵƵһɷ, ðְ֡
, кСأ
, ճԹ׺
ǵͷ, Խǽݡ
ҶƼûԼ, ֱùǺ
Сû˯ôŲأ
÷̧ͷ, Ųı, ҿСͦ˵, ˰ɣ
Ҷ, ˵ˡ
ʱ
ǱСǣһͨ, ٱУոոյ˳һ顣
ϰֲ, Цر, СֻҪ
ÿʱ, ǶеرҸǾ͸ˡ
ʱӴˮˣͰˮˮůƿרõ´ﵹˮȻݡ
棬ˮ߹:ôû˯һ
ĵСͷϵСûذһۣ䣺α
Цùëʼϴ
ƽʱʱ£ЩаˡһԿţĽıһðְ֡
Թ緹ϰ࣬Ǳ쵼ȥ˰칫ҡ
Ϊǹϵ£ȴζԼСʵϴθǸҩϱ˵رã򼸿顣
ǸĸҩԼõûǮҲûֻ쵼ҪԷ顣
ķ˵ҪԼȥҲС
޷ʵ飬ֻܹص˵治˵͵ײ¶
һ㣬Ҳ⣬Ͼף˶õ͵
ٰ򼸿ĸСҲδµϡҶ̿
룬ҲǲԷҪǮֻҪﻻա
㽫˷֣Ҳûж¡ϾҩֵʲôǮҲûɶ
Уô˵ˡ°ȥ׼Ȼͼȥ𣿡
Ŀ̫󣬲ﰲȫǵͷӦˣŵԷȸҩúø
ھԺ
÷һؿҶƣűǸϴ裬ıֱ
Ҫϴ·ģŮͻȻð·Ҫϴ
ǿͣ÷æɾסԷһƣֻôӦˡ
ΪֻǼͯСӣӾϴ£û뵽ǣԷȻС·ʹ˵·һϴϴһ룬·ɫСȫˣ
ǣ˵׼С̣㳤ôǲûϴ·С·զܺʹ˵һϴأһʲôȾȾô죿
÷̳ȾɫСӣﾡۣ㿴úõ·ܴˡ
ҶεӣΪԼ͵ⲻΪʡˮ㿴ˮѽ˭֪ļ·ɫ
ֻԼû뵽Ȼ°ˡ
÷·ɶҲȥֽƱ磬ݣԷ˵ʵҲɶ£СӶ͸ˮܴСֲţ·е㸡ɫֿ
Խ˵ҶԽô¶ͷ˻·أⶼϹʲô
÷ƳǸȻӣһ뵽ԷŮҵסˡ
֪ҶҸڳ˼ţ뱧ӳȥģȴ÷ֹˡ
Ȼݣ֮ǰйӵ£Ź˭δܰѺӱԺӡ
˼˭ʶҶֻڼԺϹתƣ˼˭ҵģ
˵ӵС̣ҶԼͬظ߿һۡ
ҶƺָоԼиĺöӾͺˣ
ϧǸܼӾģͶ·Ҳʺĵطˡ
ԺĽַڣ֪ߵѵ
ʱվѵԣøˮˮɨҶʱ
ˮȥŷ⣬ôӣ
Ҷ̧ͷŵһ¡ӵĸٻʱҶһǸС̴˲СЬظͽС̳£Ҷ˲Ÿͣˡ
ʱҶСǵ鷳һͲǸǵ
ʵùһڸأôʺã
ʵĸŵʱ򣬽ؼ棬Ҷƶӡ̣ټѾ˷ˡ
ԼЦһҲ²£ǧΪɵӰɣǡӻ𣿡
ҶƱ˵°˲ˡʵȷʵûײųٳûҿ
ǰǿŵ䰡һҵģΪҲ֪Щ˼ҪӺˣҲȢϱؼңȥ¶ץŲ˼ô
ˣһߡ
֮䣬˭ҲǷ˭ģҲҶԷ鷳
˭˵Ӻٹϵģ
¶ɲɵģ
ӴԺεҶƵе뵽Լǰܼӣʮַꡣ
߽Ժӣ÷ժˣֻݡ
һһƿڿϺ̡ҶƾȤر߿һ
ƿ̡๾ࡱ꣬СһȾˡ
ˢˢؿҶƣ¶
ôţҶƸоĶҪˡ
ǳɨһȦû߿ԶŪǣ㷭˷¿ڴҳǿ顣
ǲԾһ¡˵ţָ˵գͼԼ
޷˸ãֻǣû
СҪǣҶϷˣ˺üҲûõ
Сؿѽѽ֪˵ʲôҶƿŸˣǹ
Сǽ߬ǣҿϲ˰ʱͱײһĻ÷һѶǡ
ûˣС˲
÷ʵ:ǣǲģ


52 Ѽ
ҶƲԵؿ, ̧°ͷѽҸģôˣС𣿡
õ, ÷ŭˣСǲż´, , ܳǸǣҪɱѽ
Ҷһ, ԼҺӶǱ˴ģĶЩ
һ, 죬Ǻһͻ, ôܳԣҲ̫Сˡ
÷Ѫѹ, ڴ޵С, ڲٸκ, Ժӵٹܣ´ҷһٲɣ
ҶƲ˼۾, θ, ҵĿˣǾ͵ģҪ˵˵, Ҳ̫ż˿ˣ
صĹ, ӺͶһˡ
һЩ, ⡣ĳǸϽСݡҲ⣬
Ƿ޶˻, ҶͿˣǻáû, ô˰һ͵ȥվ, Ҫؼң
ֻǵɨſ, ٿСǺ÷ʣô°˵
÷÷ſǿǿǣ˵һСĩˣָСޱ۵ѣ㿴ϴʲôˣ
·µãǹԣ˺¡
һԵӣ͸䣬ɡ
˵㱧к÷ǳݡ
ӺֻʣӺҶˡ
Ӵ˴͵üģʣС̣ʲô£ֱ˵ɡ
Ҷ֪Լ鶼ˣ޵þ͸ˡӣ治֪ǲܳǣܲԭһأ
̾С㻹˵˵ʲô°ɣ
ԭԼҶƺܻţ²׼ڰ֮˵᲻æ
µ񣬲˵Ҳ˵
ܣھдˣԷ޼ӣҪץȥ֣ܲܰ
ؼҺ޼ҹϵȻҲ
޿ôü
Ŀǰڻԡ
ҶƲ˲۽ǵˮ˵ڶ治һؼңˡ
:޿ѵ޼ﲻܣҰﲻ㣬һȥվ
ҪȣҶˣױܣôأ֣ԡ
俴Ѿ
ϻһ˴ʰɣﲻߣһ⹫绰
⹫ǸˣԼҺ󱲵Ʒмϸػ֪Щ¡
ȻҶ⻰ɫ˱䣬״˸ðͷ
صʰԽԽߣ͸ⶺӣ߳ȥŮ˿УӹܵģֻΪһҪߡҲ⣬ҪǵٺᣬҲȥ©
˭źе졣
һʺšϲԡ
ող˵ȥվôڳҪߣĿɲԩˡ
ҶƱһҭسﺰʰˣ߰ɡ
һӴ߳Ͷǽ󣬱ùҶ䳯ȥ
ڱˣ÷ظֽٺĸоⶼʲôţԺҪԶŵ
ǳĬû˵Ϊ˭ˣ
УһͻŮⱾдԭȥúβˡ
֪пԿдٵ:һݡԺӵܰ׸ؾʱദúܱŤȦʶϵ
áͺŮ
΢ֲۣԤС
ļ죬Ըоӵķ˯
ΪΪС̵ŭδҲûȥ
أǰ˺
ǸҲֻͨѣûչκιϵýƽϡ
ܾﲻͺһܽ
ĩڼϢǱԺӵҡϣ˵ԼԿѼ
ûпѼҲûУԹҪȥǡ
ؿˣ˼ʮԡ
ӽյźţʶʱ:ȥ򡣡
÷ﲹ·⻰æӳӳֹʲôѽûģСϹ¡
ɶֻûȻ˵Լԡ
ͷЦ紺磬ȥʱҪһ㣬ż
ôЩƣͷװŪû
ߺ÷֪զģˣȻ˼ʲôѼ
ǰŪŶӵС֣һ飬û˵ȥԼҪȥġ
ѽ˼Ҷãô÷ҡͷҲٹС֮ˡ
ǾҡҡЦŶŪ˵оЦһأЦ
¶С񣬱áֱЦǼô̧ͷ÷һС㿴ɣж˵Ҳ
糿ȵӰȵڣһֽˣ
ֽŵϣﺰ裬СǣԿѼɡ
ֽ͹һֻѼӣ÷ȳǴĶģһԷûСǾϹڣ
Ǵӷ߳ôһֻѼҲͦԾԼԼºûʲôˡ
ȥĶģôô
ԴУ˵ѼľȥˡѼжָӺĸһһ
ԴоһҪ10Сʱֻ֪Ѽжôס
ĵ׻һ˿ûֻѼùһŵǰûԷɣԵѼϢɡ
̬ı䣬¶һõ΢ЦţҲ԰ɣֶͲóˡ
һһպгذѿѼˡ
һҹҡҷոպá
ӳĬһ˲׳ŵ§ӡû֮ǰϣ̽·Ҫһʱץסֵֻ֣ΪֻѼӾͿԶΪΪֻ⣬ͳȥ˯
Ӷһ٣󰲷ֵջ֣§ϸߵʣûС̵ȷܹ֣Բ𡣡
ǸǸˡȻתĿ⾼·ܶһС
㣬˭ΪʲôС̻˵󣿡
üͷԥط񶨵Ϲ˵Һֻھӹϵû󡣡
ף⼸ķΪʲô
ǼĿ⵭û㣬ĻȻ׷Ź
ǡǻ÷
ӱͷһһñ˴˽һ
ûϵҪôң
ǱöãٸܵǴı仯ͷǿװ򶨵ſңȻҸȥ˯
ȻشңҾͷſ㡣˵ܴҪõ𰸡
ҧ촽ȵſĻҡ


53 
Ǵ۵С, ûɳ÷⽹ӣС˯ûСǵеȣ
һ, ոǵ˼Ͻ𡣶Ǵӿ˲ô¾ߡ
Ҳӿ, ȥ˺ݡ
, л˯Сȴڿ, ְˣӸҪǮһ¹䡣
۵ر, Ķͷ̵þˡ
ҳ¼, ˦˦, ںӵҸ, οӡ
, ˵
ʱ, ѻ, ͷ, Ůĸ첲, ҶӰ
ǿֱ, ȥݽʪëΪӲ¡
СĻζ˿˿ڲ, Ÿ, ϣ˯һ
Ӻ, óҸµ¼, ϸţֻˮ/38.6Ŀ̶ȡ
һǿװ:СǣӴ·ҽԺ
Ӥ׶׸ðգ֪ʶȻв²⣬ҪȥҽԺרҵĶҽϲ
һǿŽҵĽƽȻɵΪӴ·ٴһ˹İѺӱгֱҽԺ
ʱ̫ҽԺֵֻҽڡһѯʺҽ:пҪӡ
ҲǺ˵С35죬ƤɢȫȻȬ
ֻҪڼҶչˣ۲УҪơ
ҽϣ˿ʱСѾ˯ˣȻ̣¶ȣǾĲѣͬʱҲС
ҽЩҩŻؼҡ
÷ǻˣæӭʣզҽզ˵ģ
ҽ˵Ҫӣȥ˯ɣҺչͺá
У¶ǺҡﻹиҪ˿ţ÷ֳһСǲŻݡ
˵ѶһˮŵԱߣöǰѺӷŵϣǸ£¶ȱԭûߣ˿
ţʼСǲӡ
Ӽһ㲣ۣ˯һɣչ˾С
ҡҡͷ˵Լ˯š
ӱĻ˯ˣ컹Ҫϰ࣬Ҫ֤˯ߡ
ȥ˯ɣ
ҽְҵҪҹӱʾԼѾϰˣûչ˺û⡣
Ǹ־ս˶˯˷ѾֻɵһϢ
ԺУʣڶٶˣ𣿡
ոСյ38.8ȣӸιҩѾ37.5ȣŮ˰鷢£˵ûôˣ˯ɡ
ԣų˯С
谵ķšü˯ӣٿղ˵Ůġ
ˮá£ֱ¶ײϢƬ̡
죬˼١
÷չ˺ӣСڸգǲǲС
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СǼˣѵ¶һ˿Цģ
ֻһʱͰڵģ°ͼ۾СһȦ
۵رоƮƮġ
С̣ĲʲôʱܺãҪǻȥҽԺɣ
ҲСһ̵С֣ġ
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ܵʱǳӣ˸ս
ʱСգһbabaķ
һɴ۾е㲻ţ̣ǲڹҽаְ֣
Ҳһ𾪣ŮʣŮո˵ʲôܲ˵һ飿
С۽ǣŻ֡bababaĽţǻģһҲڷա
ɲɣ°ؼҸսݾͿһĻ
Ůһνаְ֣ȴǶű˽Уϸ׵Ķˡ
һͬؿЩԶԡ
ʱ˿̣εòУסСǣӽ͵壬òǹġ
ֻؿһۣŮﱧ˹
СǷǰ˻Ҳû֣ȻһؽСbaba
Ůض˭аְ֣ӵһ㡭
ڶҹȻѰ
ҹӾܾˡǰһľ飬һޱõӦࡣ
ڿһʱ˯ţĴ˵üۡ
üëܷ񾭳䣬ǽš
һˣĮ飬ȴȫࡣ
ܱľţͺҸġ
¹͸һأĬĬ֣˵ƣȻŰȻ˯
һ֣ǹһĨǳЦ
ڵ磬СǵĸսӲʼһðӣֱȫУ鿴ʮˡ
ºץ̣÷һСףǺӻúöס֮£ֻܼ
ˣһ롣
ٴؼңǰã˶ɵˡ
Ȼ֮ǰԤ룬Ǳ𺳵ˡ
Ϊ˲Ůٹܱ˽аְָ֣һԵĵӶк˵̽ԣһڶ
Ͱ
֪ǲԼǴӦˣ˭Ƕûأ
Сϵӽ٣ҲԽԽˡ
ڼ䣬￴ӣһЩԵģһֳͯ
ƷǲҪ¾ߡ֮£ֻܵϻؼô죿
ҹڿϣոµֳӳ˼Σ˾˵ҲڵΪӼ鲼ɽװҸ͹ȥ
ˣͦá
ĩһ죬Ǯȥ˽еİٻ¥ĲҪȵ϶࣬ǻȲˡ
ǹһȦһɫĲϡɫʮɽװΪʺϡ
겼ǮԶĽ˼дţ췢ݵ籨һܴһε绰
̸߯Ǯ׬ǵ㹤ʻ绰ġҹʱȥǼѣ͸ȱǮˡ
ԶǮǮ¾ԼʱŮԲҪʶûʲô׬Ǯ
ǺϷġ
룬뵽һ
л˵
ps:С֪ʶڰٶȡ


54 ĸ
ʡھһ´, Ǯḻƽʱǿÿ, ȡλýҲܽȼü֮
ǮܸȤСͶѵ, Ļʺ
дʲôĹ, ۺֱܶ࣬ϻؼҵĿʹ, ǲ뵽һЩ˼·
Ǯ¾Ϊģд˷θĹ¡ݲԶĹ, ǵȽƽ롰˷θĸֿɲԶˡ
ӽлصҡ
ǰѲŵһ, ÷˿˵ɫ, һûװ, Ҳ֪ܲá
ûµ, ͷĴ󵨵, һ˾͸Ӵļ䵭, ·ĳߴ綼Ӵġ
ȳ, ӦǸ߸
˵ϴǷ, Ϊ˽ϡĸȥ, СǱ״ġ
ʱ䣬үڵʿƽʱô, Ҳ̫˽رء
Ҷ, ڶԷǿԱ, Ҳû˸Ϲʡ
÷ϸ, ɽװһ²ɡ
ֵѮʱոպáӰõ·ȥ⡣
ƽʱǸӶڿѧоһҲעϸڣϵɽװӺĥҪˣȷʵûµˡ
ôɽװǮûա뿪дȥʾȡ˰
үӵ֪Сǰʱ䲡ܶಹƷһ½ŵ
صңѰ𿪣ȷʵвٺö龫ҹͷɿʹõȵȣбɾͺüС
ӿôԶͦ˷ܣǰŪЩƿƿ޹ޣԶߴﹾ˵˼ԡֻûǲע⣬ЩԵһˡ
֮⣬ﻹһ顣
ӴĶ˼Ҽ˵½ѯһǱߵлᵽҡ
˵ٺѷ֣«έ³Ĺţϣܰæչһ¡
үֻתߣҪҪæԼŰ졣

ò׷ƽ˾ҪӼֱ
ǼŷɻʣôˣǲүүǱ߳ʲô£
Īҡҡͷ۵÷Ž·ڴɳ˼Ƭ־òףóݸǡ
㿴Һûϵ
üӹţ֮ĳΪҺٲôнû뵽ԷҪˡ
Ĺ裬Ը䵭Įֱˡ
ԷΪʲôѡ«έȥ롣
ţˣΪʲôҪүү˵ģҪҪչԼɡ
нţҪչˣҲչˡ
˼ıģЦЦûʡ
죬ϵķѾ⡣гת䣬Ǻ÷׼һȺȥɳӣСз
ٳǰϵɴԷ硣
ΪγУͰŪüˮͰͲӣǺСֶÿһܵݸﳤǣʶ
Ȱһ鴲ɳ̲ϣٰ޷ŵ棬ȻɡľƵӤϣΪڵ⡣
ŪһкСǵߣõĺĩ
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кСؿţСҲæţԼóһ鿴
÷ͱȽϲģһûʣһǸû
ӼٳԵģһһڷڴϡ
裬ȥˮͰȥץСзѾˣأҲʱķһ¡
÷ģȥ
ֻյϳԻɣץзŻʣô
ץзô÷ԥͬˡ
ŴĲñˮͰȥ˲Զɳ̲֮ǰץз÷֪ǰʯͷ£һʯͷҵֻСз
ͦгɾ͸Уз͸оˡ
ɱϾʮˣǶﻹʱһֻˣҲԲ
ڷˮͰֱֱΧķ羰
ǵѹ֣ϲɡ
ʱһɫӰ֮С
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ţáﷱ衷ºڿ۾Щ޴롣
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ԣĸףԭҽͶͬ־ĸףллôõĺӡ
÷üЦҲոôнˡ
ͬ־Ҳһ˲š
俴ԵĻ壬ûʲôͿڻвŻ
ɫĴ󺣣жڽɫ߼зŮˡ
Ǵ÷۾е㼤㻭𣿻ûֺÿġ
λʵ޻ĸŮͬ־ﷱ衹һĨЦ⣬ͷӦȷܺÿ
ü:ˣô֪ݵģ
ںʱ䣬ƽʱţԷ֪һ벻ͨ
÷ԣЦǺǵָָϵɽװ·ģʶ
ﷱ衾üλŮͬ־˸µʶ
ֻɽװʮϲ
һߡ
Ǽ÷ٳûлЩżΧһ޼ʵĴ󺣺ɳ̲ûпĸ׵Ӱ
ʱʮźܲһ۱ϳǵӡ
ʱֻ̬ˡ
վ֣
һʮʿͬʱתͷ΢ɲü
ʿǼܣԼ򳯶ȥ
㣬£
ԴӳϦǴΣ˺ܾû档ûʱ˵Щ׻ָԶĺߣһոǱץзڲ֪ȥĶˣܰ𣿲ȻҿºӣԼȥҲУ
ǰġﳤǡӣ˾ҵʶģûһСһӦؼǶ̥
ߴСǵɨʱһޱϤ˿ͫһ
ĸڻаٻ¥һģôС޵Ĳϣ
ѯʣͱˣ壬̰ɣѾСʱˡ
СֶҲһԸͣ඼ͦʵܲˣϽͣǶţҴȥңϢ
˵ţȳЩʿȥһʮ˷ɢʼѰ
ǼĴܼʱ÷Ͱϱ߻ǻЦ⡣
ֺĻֱ֣ͦǿسԼŷе㲻̫Ծ
裬ȥˣҶأ


55 ʵ۲̫
ոﷱȥȴҲé, ÷ȥġ
ʵû뵽һôĶ
ӼˣŵܵҲܡ
ȥé, զǶɶأ
Ƕأ˵ţתͷԻ˵, ȥ˵һ¡
, ģǲܵġ
Ƭɳ̲ܳ, Χ֣ҵһҲûôס
Ͼ׼ȥѲ, ͼǳ֡
һ, ҵˣ
Ķҵģ
ͣ´µĶ, æԵʿ䴫ȥˡ
Ƿǳ˼, ˵
Ϊ, ȴû뵽νذڰ, ʾû¾ͺá
Ƿ, ʾл, Ҫ뿪ʱ, Ȼʵ˸, Ů˿ͦÿģ
ǲ˵Ǳҵ, ϲ´ȥٻ¥԰ûƵġ
, лл㡣ǿһЦ, ĵ׵ɻˡ
赱ϲ˿, һֱ¹ûôҲǵûа˿ˣ˿ôأ
Լʶ𲻱Ҫᣬû׷˿
ҲҪȥտӣ͸Ͻˡ
վһ龪ټɫûټȥ
ؼҵ·ϣ÷ﷱ衡
ͷ޵ģرƯ˵ʦֳûͦ񡣡
ѵ÷ôһˣ˼һԷ
÷ûٻ飬ҲûŮ֮˰ɣүһǽˣĶǴֲ赭ϲ̨棬һ˼ҲϲĶ粻롣
ô˵Ǳ֪ʵûǷ뷨Ҳûǿ
Եֵ£˳ȻȽϺá
ڼԺһߡ
صұ׵ķ䷭ҳ롣ûͷӬƵһ㶼أüʲôأҵķĶ
֣Щأû̧ͷ֮ǰ˺ܾãΨһԾǣĸװ˿͸ϪϪְ˶ǡ
ֲֻҲЩҵ𰸡
ˣЩŶھмûߡ¶˼ˣûмĸĶ
й֣ͣԾЩģΪʲôҲԭ
ˣСŮĹŵ裬ûȤҲôˡ
׵ĻĳϣһӶ񣬡˰ɣٴСϲӣ֮ⲻھƣҿɲˮ
֪飬촽˵ˡ
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һʰ˵ÿ춼зԼǰȥֱһĥ
ÿ죬ǶһΡһǮﻹǺ޷£
Է˶࣬һ˶ʮзöǹзܷʡ
ΪзҲʶˣ֮󻹻
ôзһ˸òˡǲڲüѣõ°һġ
¨ǰߣ¶һ޿ı顣
ʱһгĳʶԱãΪгȥȴһϤڶ𣬡ͬ־ðɣôôණ
תͷͼסբ׼³æ
ԸȻʮ⣬Ȼǫţæ𣿻᲻ᵢʱ䣿
æ˵ҲɣҪȥ·
¨ҵϣǡɿҶзϣô࣬ҲǺڵģ
Ҳзǰһ·𿴼ͬˡ
ţáشñȽǫ飬ʵÿһзҲΪʲôѡƾԭ֮һ
Ժǳˬ
ʱǻ֪ʵЦзɣҲ˶ʮзء
ԵģһܾôƷʵзԥˡ
Ǽ״İһȥд壬ǳзôһһλǵڶΡ
ѷзҲܱԭ֭ԭζǡз
ֻҪзٷϼƬʮӾͿˡ
Է˶࣬з÷Ͷǻ˼¾Ʋˡ
һӲˣ˴Ρ
͵ĳҸаĸԼֵܡ
ΧһȻ˴˶̫Ϥʮ硣
÷зʱ׸ʦܾȡ
ǵϼҶ½ȻڵҲüˣûзֶһΪûʲô⣬ǾðѾеĺһȳζͲ̫ϲ
Ƕ˳ԼƵ֭ʦ:½㣬մԣұ㰮ʳ
ԣʦŰɵһзʼǡ
ڶԺʣԳ˾飬ĸװǸзôѾֱѰǡ
ûӵʱ䣬ͰһֻĴзǺˣͬǯϵⶼûŹ
һγԵӸǵзʦϻοĸоһзմЩ֭Եζܺá
ǰԹз̫һ
ʣһ˻ٳһ顣
Сǣ̫óˣзմһ㶼ѳˡ
ݸһЦʾ԰ѽ֭ϸ
ʵԺʵˣǸϲԭ֭ԭζʲô϶ҪմֻҪǾһζ
ڶз֮־ûͣǸޱöǶ̾硣
ֻֻзͲˣܿóԲƽзöǲԼзˡ
ﷱ衣ΪҪ˶˹ĵö࣬зĶʵ飬רע棬е㻺
ÿһзⶼ޵úܸɾʣĿտǱķŵһԣº
÷Ǹӣô޲ùԡ
ͬ־ˣһû꣬²ҪԵȥ
ﷱ̧ͷֻǵЦԵһ̣ҪҲ
÷죬˵㲻Ҽ
ǻʵ۲̫࣡
л˵


56 ޸
һԷ, Ǳ߳Աġ
÷ԼûɶĵģԹˡһǰĲϣﹴ, ˴ŵĿʽ
ﷱ衳ԹɢŲϿ, ЦʵⲼ, ̫
û뵽÷һ, ͦõ, ۹治
ﷱ̧ۻһȦܣһԵľϹ˳, һϻгӺͻ, ջٴοʣ벻ѧҿԽ㡣
ѧɶҿѧá÷붼û;ܾ, Լ, ˵ѧˡ
ﷱô˵, ֻЦ, ·ô, ûԼЩʽǻ
֮ǰ, ƿʽֶǶǰ, ÷ֻҪĥһ¾
ҲҪԻһϲͨѧþ;ܾˡ
˾, ֪ΪΣ÷û֮ǰܡ
ø˽Լǿɲ, ԲСһýַڿ, ָĻжء
ҹŮɶ, ˵ҪҵģԺп˾͸ѧѧҿɲ鷳
ᵽǣ÷¶һŮģﷱЦ⵭Ҳûǿ
һߣڲǰ
ؿӵԣЩˡĵҲ˼ɨˡ
˯ˣӵŴҵǰʣǲǸҹˣȥɡ
ûиСҹһϰߣ΢΢һ˲䷴Ӧڰ¶мһЦʹҽ͸Ͻˡ
Էڼ˵ۻ˿ﶼĽѡʦд
ʮ꣬ûԹһɷеĲˣǶڳ˻֪з
ǰɷǴĴЩϸ֦ĩڵҲްû㡣
ģ
׸֪ΪٷҪļͥЦǺǵؿͦЩԱ
ͬ־ɼ⵺ӹ࣬ƽҲҰɣ
ʣ޼зʾԼ﹤һ㶼ࡣ
飬ط־һǰˡڹһԼϲ£ͦõġ
˵˵ЦЦһСʱȥⳡ۲ͲɢӰʣзװһСݸ
һЦҲûܾ
뿪֮ǰѲиʣʰɾˣҲŻԭλĻûǰæ
ȴҶߺŰѳݳ״ɨһ顣
ɨɾҹ˾
صݼ˯㣬§Ҳ˯ˡ
ĹţڼԺСĺ䶯
ĹСһһƯָ첻Сģ˾ͱ˻ꡣ
ΪˣԺĲ軰Ὺøˡ
ԴھǮҰߺ󣬶ǺٲμӲ軰ᡣɽüμӣҲֻˡ
һطͳ˵Ľ㡣
Сǣæʲôأզÿξۻᶼû㣿
ǰҶˣҪȥ㣬㻹
ıҲڿЦŽԼƽʱϰرæμӾۻҲ֮١
뵽Ƕ̥Ҷͦ档
޳ÿɿ꿪޴ˣһҪǺúƣ
ֻһΣȷʵø껭ϵޣرϡ
Ҫ˼ҵ賤úã޾͸ˮ顣
һʱ֮䣬Ҷ̸ҵǣǸЦ˸ط
ʱڴ߽ףĸƯ
ոջ񱻰˿أ˲Ȼֹˡ
ǲüܺʲôݡԱߵԽС͵ĹŵģǰǸ۸ı˵Ů١
ϵѹǻھɩĲ軰ϡֻöû뵽ǣٵĵһμ
Ҹҽһ°λĹСͬ־ҹƻӭ
Ҳ֣װװ˼¡٣òСﳤȷʵƯʺ䣬һ־ǧ֮ĸоֺˡ
ŲߣҪԹӵʱ̧ҲĴ
εεģԭϲ͡
ڸı˵ϣҶ⼸ĹŵĹﻹ顣
Եóһ볡Ʊһһҡ
ĩĹŵһݳɩʱ䣬ɣ͵
ͷûյƱͦˣ֮ǰǵҲ²١
ðƱһһֵ꣬ʱȴûƱ
ͷʾǸǵ̬һġ
ǰСĻֻǶһĨЦûϵģƽʱҲûС㣬ôҹֲ˼ġ
Էûµô˵ؿüۣŻصûͺá
ΧһȫЦˡ
İɣСƢɺˣġ
ǰСһˣһû˭ء
զû˾ҶײСģرϡ
Ż⽥ƫֿʼǺҽĶճ
Ϸ̵գǵһڱ˿ԼɷദΡ
ӽǣͺʧ档
ûôͽôԼͱأ
û⣬ֻЦԹۣŬ˼Ҫôһ
ڴҵУòϲε˻صλϡ٣С˵˾䣺Բ𡣡
ֻǾؿĳطûκλӦ
Ȳ軰󣬶ȥ˾ҽԺ
Ҫ޸һԼΪǵķ޹ϵֻһڸ
ҲŬ̫ƽˣ
ţ緹Ӻ⡣
軰μӵôôûؼң
ǰѰӷŵ칫ϣ
ȳԷɣԸˣҾߡ
׻˵³ӶŰӲ̫ҳԡ
ٳٲ¶ͣѽ¶
һӷŽȴκζ˼ӵľٶϣ˰ûôΪʲô
쿪ʼﳵϰɣȥ㲼ٸ·
ӱҭȷĲ
СҪﳵңôˣ
ɻĿ⣬̾ǼԺ˶Ǹˣ˵ֽҽ𣿡
˼ᶨҡͷŻ:Ϲ˵
ĻӦǺ⣬Ҳһ㡭
ӣһĳ̬ûг°࣬ǲг룬ַڻк
죬մҽԺ°Ժ˽ֻһ³ϣ·ÿĸģ
ӵͷţ¹Ĳ
СǸϱ
ǵģҺܺáò΢Цͽ𣬡ȻȥˣСǸҰӣºǵңҪæ
ô˵棬СôܸţϽؼҰɡ
ĿĴﵽת뿪Ŵ󲽳ȥͦġ
ûãԺﶼڴǶҽжãķжζѹҽôϱء


57 볡Ʊ
֮, ĹŵݳҲǼԺһ󽹵㣬Żܶע
ҾԽòڡֶׯţ˲ߵﶼһƬ, ҲôҶĩⳡݳʮֺ档
ûõ볡Ʊ⡣Ĵ, ں⣿
øﻹ, ûȥĹҪƱ
ʱ䣬Ǯºæ, æûʱ档ôҿҪ°ˣӰ칫, ɿǹץͷ
ôˣͷʭˣ
Ǯ̧ͷͬ˾, С, ֵ̫ʱˣҿҸѡĸã
μӱĹ, һд汾, ԲǸ汾μӱ, ɽͬǿ, Ǹϲİ汾, 뷨, ʮ־ᡣ
ΪʲôҪд汾Ϊͷ, ʰ׼°ࡣ
Ǯɥ߳˰칫ҡ
Ҿеġ
Ȼд汾Լܣ
ô죿Ҫʳȥ, һûѡء
ǵü˼ܿ, ѡͲҪѡ, 汾Ĺȥ, ίѡͺˡҪûдһֻһƷ
Ǯǰһ˲ЦˣСҵĸǣҰˣ
Ϊ˴лλǣǳԺϺ
зϺҪܻӭö࣬ȥϺûˣǼӿ°ĽŲ
ʱھҽԺ
ڻҿᣬ̨λҽǰʱĹǿҽлΪԲʵҲܿͱҽԺίΡ
лߣ̬ǫͣҽ°пһЩ⣿
ƽԱ˵̣Ӷ˽ͷûоܾ
һֱеŽ߳ңӿֱڸղŴӦ̫ˣĸʱ䣬ʿܹ˵һҪ
û룬ȥлҲ
߽ңͿһĹšϸüֵҽ˵Ľס
̧ͷڿӵһ̣ԭ˪۵׶һ˿ᡣ
ͬ־þò
١
΢ɲüûκң
ϰޱ飬ٲָָףոˣǵﵱҽ˳㡣
һԵлǹǿҽǿӣȻȥ
ֵҽټһƺ˵λͬ־Ľû˵ͷܺá
λڡƽ⡱ͬ£۵׻һ˿ϲԿҽƲηΧڣֱ˵ͺá
Ļ䣬ڳ˵ɫ̫ãսȭͷŭʣүү˵¾Ϳ㣬ҿһ㶼뿴ҡ
Ӷүӵ˽⣬Կ϶ͷ˵ֻǵͷֱʧȥһġ
һҪҪģˡ
˵꣬ת뿪ٴΡ
ûõκλӦٽҧ촽ĬĬԼҪ嶯
Ƭ̺·ڴͳ볡Ʊݸлҽͬ־Ʊ͸㣬鷳㽻ҽ𣿡
Ůл붼ûʹӦˣӹ볡Ʊ汣֤ģһֽġ
һߣ߳Һȥշҡ
үһݵ籨д绰ʱʮ֣үӦõڵ绰ͷˡ
˫ǲӵ绰мֻҪתӾС
ܿ죬·ͨˡ
ûйĺѣүӵһ仰ǣƱһˣҶǱ߳ˡ
ԴϴҶƱߺһֱûҶϵ촽˲²⡣
ǲСˣ
ţϴε£޼ҶǼҲкܴ⹫סԺˡ
ô𣿡ӱΪ⹫֪˳û뵽ǵ͹ҶƵ
Ŀǰû󰭣ҪԺ۲졣
ãƱȥ
ҵ绰෢͵üģǿĸ׵ϣһ㶼Щ¡
ŸӵصңﴫһЦĵ׻һ˿ů߽ȥСǳbababaеʮֻ졣
ǼˣæЦк˺öϺпڸˡ
ǮԵͷڰ֣Ǵкˡ
ӱСߣûжӣҽԺԹˣǳ԰ɣҴȥ
ֻؼҾ֪ӵˣǿϡȱ֣Ǯ³һϺ̲ס޵ҼԶҲô㣬ԸΪӣ
뵽ٹҪʵƻ̲סȤ:Ҫ飬һᳫƻԸͲʵˡ
ǳ꣬Сʱɫ̫ˣǺһͻؼҵġ
·ϣ˵˾ǱߵԼҪȥеϢ
ϧǶ̫СˣסʮСʱڣȻԴ޶һȥ
׼ȥã
ʱ֪һᾡġ
뵽ҶǸУҪʱעⰲȫ²Ҫܡ
ڼһҹ˼࡭
ڶ죬ü˳Ʊϻ뿪«έ
ΪǻҪڼҿӣǶһ·ġ
л볡Ʊ¥칫ʱŵ֪ԷѾٲ뿪«έ
ƱûͳȥҲʹûɣ죬Ʊ͵ؼҡ
ؼҴŽţ˺һ˿š
Ǵǰλİˣʣ˭
ãҽͬ£Ұɣлڿʱ۵׻һĨޣͷϣͳƱ˵:һλŮͬ־ҽǵģպá
ǿ볡ƱѾ³˭ġ뵽ԷȻô࣬ȻӹƱ˵лл
ĩһ졣
һɫķ£ƱǮһá
ΪĹŵһݳˡ
ǰƱϵλŷ֣ǵλþȻڵһžУCλ
Ǯ¹ܣֱ£ĿŪôλá
ʱǰ̨ĻһȺźµձչ̨١
Ǯ²֪˭æǵĸ첲˷ܿ㿴ŮöƯе㲻ģոյһġ
㻹ö
ǵȻСʱѧأ
̨ƵƵŮˣǣЦˡ


58 ӻ
ڶĶǷ˼ļ, Ȼӵְλ̫ͣᣬټƽʱ͵, ҿһʱһ¡
ڶŵԽ̽СʣСǣ첻ûõƱ𣿺ȥĹҪģ
ǲͷ, Ц, Ȼǣܸ֯鷳, ûоûУҿСƱͬ־͸ҵ, ǾûƱ˼ɣ
Խ˽Ҳû׷ʣڵһŵĸı۵ȴһĨ˼
Ĺŵһݳ, һʮĿԤϵ, ͦʡ
Ǯ¿, Ǹ⡣˴óûؼ, ǵʮзŻؼҡ
û˵, зӾ, Ⱑ
ʱ, ų́
Ĺų, ˵, ѵΪһḻߣôֵܷͼ̨ºü˿أ㲻ö𣿡
û˵, ߬סȭͷȴ:Ϊʲôû㿴˵Ĺϵ, ҲӦһ, ô
赸˺ܾ, ױݻҲϸ£һжֻΪԼõһ棬ôԲأ
ų˵ʲôû壬ȫԼС
٣˵Ļûų˫ֲð
ǵΧҲ۷׷ףСȴ
ˮƽܵ裿ǰЩɼƭ˵İɣ
пܣ˼ұôССʲô
治ƽ˵Ҳ
ٻعЩ۵꣬ȴ˴󣬡ԲôʧˣԺŬԲٷִ󡣡
Ѿˣ뵽ƽʱֺܺãųҲûپŲš
ȴҶɢˣСشչ:٣û°ɣ
ٵĮؿд̵ŭ⣬ȥһ£ӸΪʲôû
ţáõͷӦʣûҶʡ
ٴСһ𳤴˵飬˵Ѿߡ
ں֮ǰ֪ٺܰӣΪ̫߰һֱڵס
ɵȰȣȴȥϷϢ˵ⱲӶûнĴ㡣
һʱ֮ܲˣӱǵĸ飨ʵ˿Ǿͨھӣһ֮¾ͺ׷Ĺ˳һˡ
ӣӰ͹˳ǽ꣬ٳٲ£˳ѪյͣɲҲ飬˭̲ˡ
ûã˾ͷˡ
ٱӱףȴʱӽϢ
̾ͿҪˣɻ¡
ǧ֮ľС
üվڲԣŴ˯⹫Ĭ
λ˲ԹҲûж顣Ҫת뿪ʱҶ۾קס½ǡ
Ҫߣ
ϵдżɳƣ˲ܾ̾ת̬ºͣ˯Źһ
Ҷ˿㲣̯ķңڿӺŸоһ
λΪ޼ҵ£
š
С̸ɵЩͿ£˵Բ𡣡
Цһ˵ֻҪҲٸɵͿ¡
Ҷ˱һ֪޷
ӳ˿Ҳ֪ҶҴµСһôܴ˵޿ȻԲѣֲ˲࣬޼ҪҲ޿ɺǣС̻ȥǶԷв
ҺӦõģϣܶСһ棬»Ҫ鷳ȥǱ߹ͨһ¡
ǣؼңӲҲС
ҽԺȥ޿ı˳ǣ޼ҵ̬ȣԺȽϺ˵
˳Ǹս鲻ãԭڻѸı䲻٣ࡣ
Լ̬֮ʮ顣
һ𳤴꣬ټؽ㣬С㣬˳ݵĶ֪ˣҲּʡ
Ӹ磬λΪұܵ£
˵ǡԼ֮˵˳˳Ҳдֻ˵æ
˼Ըæ飬Ը⽻޼ҵ̬ȣѾ˺ܴӡӶмѴ«έزݵУһЩֵʲôǮúóԿԸңٸġ
˳ЦǺǵؽӹһĺ٣˵Ҳǵϣô
Լ˵˵Ĺϵ˻ڴǰΣ˲Ϊ࣬Һûϵ̫
Gôܣ˳ͷ˼ûԷԼ
ںģѵӸ磬ȥ㣬ȰǧŮˡ뷨ִ֣Ҳе񡭡
˵ľвദ꣬һидҺüʱûɴ
Ӳü:ôֳִ˵˵𣿡
ھӶֻ꣬ٵСӿԸȫ˽⡣
Ů˳ǲԸ˵ֻע⣬֮תƻ⣬ٵ֡
һȥ
֮ǰӦﷱȫˡ
÷·ݸǣԷȥ
ǻûģ˴һЩᣬûӣȥ£˳㵽һȦɢɢģڼư
뵽֮ϲεģҲûɶģ÷ȥͣۼ󱦱һÿһ㶼ƣȥɣͿء
ǼȰֻЭ
Ҹסھд֮ǰӹ·Ƕǵһ
ż׵ƽмһˮһЩյػ˲˺Сײˣں˭Ҳ뵽һʮд
Ѱƺߵ࣬106ͣ½Ų˷š
ŵﷱ衱ˡ
ã·ġ
վ⣬ﷱ衾ȵЦôԶȥȡˣ鷳һˡ
壬һ°ɣļûȥġΪ˱ӣһֱվûȥ
ﷱҲͬ뷨ӹ·ò˵鷳ſڵһ£ԡ
û¶żԾС
ŹϣڵȴĹв⣬ͷͬ106ſڱɨ÷ǳɾſͲһȾ
ԱߵĴ̨ϻһ費֪С컨һ䣬޺Ư
ﷱ衻·ʱɿ軨ЦŽܵ⻨ɿҲӻںܳҲϲ͸ɡ
æڰ֣ʾԼҪ
ֲֻ˲ֻ԰ЩȫڴӲڼңʵ°軨
ĲҪﷱҲûٶȰ
ĸ׵պܺã·źܺҺϲлл˵ţеһ׻ߵ˹ȥǰʱģ˵ѧ·á
ǿĶò롣
һ˻͸Ůʲôڣ˼
ͨʱĹ۲죬λƷܺãҲûʲôȺãǸвŻ־Ӽҵĺˡ׷÷ŮʿҲǲС
ǣȻ׻Ҫһѣܲһ
Ŀǰʤ㲻̫󡭡


59 վ
ĺе, ǹŻ߻صңֱ߽Ѷŵ÷ǰ
裬ת, ˵лл·
÷ץϵΧȹ˲ϵˮȻ𻭾߶, ɻʣզ˶˵Ѱ·𣿡
İ, ·ϹϵǾǸ˼ֱֱŮ, ˶ǵƣ
Ȼ, һ˵˼ǲ˼ЩǮ, ѽͲա
˵, εͷ, զȻٻȥҪ, ȥ㻹
÷׻, հŵ¹, ȥдԻﷱ衡
ֻû뵽, תȥĹ, ׻߾ͱСһˡ
ǿһ, ·ȥֻС졣
·ʱˤǻ޻ˤ棬һڹ, ȴȵġ
ΧҲӿŲϣԷտʱǵˤӡ¹ΧԱ, б, ѰѶŵ¹, 򣬶ҡڵ˳Χ߹ȥȻʼǹš
СͷһԲϽȥæ
Сһǰǣò˹ĵСͱͱû룬ǰѹͱˡ
÷żɻ߷ŽȥʱûзȣŹű򿪣ߡžһأ
һǵԲ۾գգŨܵĽë˺һŸ߸ǰա
쳤ӣԲԲĴԴΧϣֺСִΧڿץѽץϧʲôûץ
СǴ֪ò˹ĵСȥģ߱һǰ
۵С¶һĨ棬ְקΧ
ɫһſǹ̿ļˡ
־šһɫϣһ¶ؿ˰죬ٷŵԲ˲䣬ζţ˦˳ȥ
ɫ߽õǣСǼ״̡Цˡ
ȶǰ׷ôϣٰѲϴãʮӺ
Ц߽ݣƿžɵˡ
ֻСһڵɵ֣С֡·ȫǸɫʵϣΧҲУ
ʰ쵵Ļ棬Դ졭
Сǿˣæſ˫һֱ衱һһǣһ̣ȴޣ
ǲûвΣգȫŤƨɳߴչﻹһɫϣۼҪ䵽ǵ·ϣһѶϷŵ
ǿǡҶ챻ˡ
ޱᣬʱޱӡ
һҪ״
̫ˣ
÷ҲݣһкͬһѣΣСǣǸɶأ
˵ţޣһ޿ˣ·ҪˣҲȫˡСģˣȥˮϴɡ
ǴӱлعϽȥˮǹ˲ϳԷһСʱŰѺϴɾ
ҲŪ߰㣬÷ЩϺͻʣ۵ֱ顭
󣬾Ǳڴ绰ĩҪˣ
һ˰£޵ӡ
Ϊ˱Լ˼֮飬ĩȥվˣչԼ
ҪȥվˣǮ²ЩĽ
ҲԶ˶æһ365ܼĴָ
Ѷʱģһ죬ǻһģ
įļĩһȥɣһӴ˲ٶ㻹ܰæһЩ
Ǯûذһۣһ㶼뵱Ͷ뵱ݣ
ȥֻգվعϺǺ«ϴرóԣһ˵µӰҪӳĲȥ
ǷӰ㲻ȥе𣿡Ǯ̾һԹ
ǱЦ˵ˣӰǶġ
ĻشǮº⡣סջ󣬻ǴӦˡ
ĩһ죬˴ģһȥ˽С
ΪĩҲƽʱࡣǵվĳվʱгվӡ
վںУǮ»ﱧعϣ˶ůůġ
εӶͷ̲סԵعϣ磬ƨģҪҪȵ˵ӰԺٳԣ
عϵѽʳǮµǣ͵͵һСŽ˲϶ǵȰ衣
̫óˡСҲһɣİɣڻ𳵽վǰһܳꡣ
뵽Զ󣬶ֻסĳ嶯һعϣֳһعϡ
ֱȫˣشá
ʱ𳵽վˡ
гԱıվ̧վڡܿ죬һÿʹվ߳ȺǵɫӰΪۡ
䣬һ糾ͣڿǵɲǣ۵׾顣
²˶кܶ໰Ҫ˵˶࣬ЩĻֻ˵
ǮҲʱ߹ӴкȻԹվڶߵ͸ˡ
ĴһȦûԶӰѯˣ
ʾ԰꣬ǽҪ뿪վʱһճʻͣ
һ˴ӳԶ
ôǮգգۣԼһۻˣŻῴѡ
Զǰסǹ
£㡣
Ǯ̻رסҲԼ˼
ԶҲˣ½ӽԺǮֻСʱľ롣
һԿţ̾ǽǰãһٯٯ˺õһƵġ
ӣ·Ϸ״̬°²Ҳһ·ӵ
֮ʣһֻֽסģһֱ˼ҿһøá
ջŲЦҪôҲš
ʱһ紵Ҷɳɳ졣
ǮºȻɫһ䣬ѸƿԶĻ޴سȥ
ûӦʱһСܣͽȫɵˡ
ĪߣҲһ±ƣǮµߣšüʣôԵ޹ʲôѽ
ѵԶ˵ʲôˣ
ֻǮůڴ˿̻ͷϳûڣСǣ군ˣҺԵعԹˣܲҽȰԶߣ뻺
ǣ


60 
һƬ, ǻȥ
ԶͰ͵ؿѱúί߽˲Ÿʣôˣȥ
̾˿ͼԼһ, šͻȻеۣҪȥ˲, 㶮ɣ
Զһ˿, ֵĵ:ô𣿡
Ǹҽ˵Ů˻ʹë, Ҫ
ûû£ƺܿܳ, һ˹ȥ㣬ӵȰ, ȥ, 㳵ûˮȥҸˮ
Ϊ, Զ, ȡϵˮȥˮ
ߺ, ӲſڣǮµôˣ
ûס, ǰһ, Ů˵¶, Ϲ
ӣ
һ, ˮҵǮ£ֻǹ˫һҪ޲޵ӡ
õûˮͺˡ
Ǯ½ӹˮ, ˣС, ˵ôôͦõһμ涼һˡѾ˺üƨǶﻹ
ԭһҪԷӰ, б, ǿֱֻԶΪˣʵڲУ˵ǻؼҡշҲһ졣
֮ҲֻǮ¹ԹԺˮܰⲻгȥ
һߣԶͬȹϵϣôŶ꣬ҪȥŮѡְŮбֻŲܹȥ
෢͵üģͼתעʦĸ׼ʲôʱ
ʵ£Զûôˡǰܰϴǳڵòᣬºͣÿ塣
Ǵʲôʱ飿
ᵽͷȻǾ죬֮ǰҪȥ¼ײС
ŻĵԽԽ࣬ԶȻʣ˵Ҳڵϣôˣ
뵽Ůˣһݣھеʲôûв鵽˶㡢ƯţΨһȱе
·˳Ƕѣֻǰõݡ
ٵƷô
Զ˰ٵĴԺӵܣΪӵķСֻΪүүڴԺסȥѡ
ٲ̫˽⣬Ψһӡ⺢Ӳޡʲô¶ޡ
ǹͦиԣƷӦûɣ
ӵü˼
֪˶ãǴǮ»ˡ
ԶָһˮůӣǮ±жòУԺҲԵعˣ
֮ȥ˵Ӱֳ˷ֱһബŻص
صңְָ̿տʼеİҿóӾߣǲźΧ
СǵõһƯޣеһƤСɻ
õ󶼺ܿġ
ôûĽնպͽԪҲ֣ҡͷβǳ飬һһèҲյ
ǣóһ˫ɫСƤЬ͸ĸġ
÷ӹЬ˰죬СʣҲ漴ֿ˻
ÿ˶̯ʣҵأ
Ӹ䣬ָָԼ
סЦһ䲻
Թص䣬ȴһҶҵ
Ӽ:ұˣС⹫ȥϷϼңӦһʱزˡ
ڴҵԤ֮Уû̫⣬ԼھĺԺ
һֱţ͵͵סȥżʡ
ȥΣͦõģһΧھӰæտţİɣû¡ˣԺǱѾ˸ƳˣǸҼУҴȫԺʾл
ôˣ˸ĶҿǺܺƳҩ⹫ǲһ
ܴﵽҩЧôܶܰѰ̺۵š
Ӵҳҩ࣬ŵϡ
ǸСУѩİװɫغɫһɵҩζ
һСֱĨ˱һ㣬˵ĸоģˬͺҩûʲô
Ѿʼ𣿡
ţĿǰֻھ
ϢöǺܿģóһСиҩŵ׼ϰʱ͸Լݷõĵһ󡪡ȻӢ۹ΰ
ӼҪЩ⣬˫סϸ˰ڴϡ
硭Ұҩȥ
˼Ҷʶ㣬ҲѽιϵŦۣΪ˽Ҫʱ򣬲֪ĶһöָǣϵָȻҲûŪ׸ðĸָϡ
һöϸϸĽָûиӵƣֻһȦܼԼ
Ƕ˶ָʾӦָϡ
ôлл
ӰѽָָϣȻһַһ֮գ俴ģ뿴ϣԾˡ
ںָʲôϡǵͷһϲҲϲ
ڶϰ࣬ҩֱȥҹΰ
ڳϦ֮ǰΰҪˡ¶һĨõЦݡ
ɣ¸°ϲ磬ϲǡ
ϢæϲӿͳǺҩݸ˶ԷɷӾд˸࣬˵ʮֹãһ£ЧҲȥǼҽԺ򼸺УʱҰѵַ㡣
ΰӹҩ࣬۵ֻʣ죬⣬ҩҲܰҪǮҰǮ㣡
˵һүǲƽ󣬵Ҳڽ鵱Լϱ档
ֻû뵽м֮ԵĶͬ־
ҩ࣬ǾӢΪΪӢ۽ȼü֮ҲǺһ׮
ҵ䷽ȥҲΪҪһŵˡ
󣬶ֻϲǡ
ҹټ̫䡣ԺĴûྵǡ
ÿ°·ϣɫѾɺˡ
죬г¥ͼƬƽΧ˺üˡ
ſ壬Ҹڵķ˰ˡ
ԴǮһϼҺⶰӾһֱţԺҲˣ컹Ӳݡ
ھʱ̲סһۣ˼ʿڰᶫûˡ
ΧھվԺҲڳ÷ŮʿСҲУгЦʵ裬ڿʲôأأôֻ
Ůˣ÷Ҳû˼ȤСǷŵϷãһǰߣһ߽͵ڼҴأеûžۼҵھӳɶ
㿴𣿡
÷ҡҡͷŻȥסҿ˵ˣסλǸӪսѵŹ£һһĴˣûչˣԼҵӵ˲ӡҪƷôã̯ھӣҲʡġ
ţȷʵǺͬصͷͺЩ
屡죬Ź¡
ˣһ˵Ӫǵ֮ǰöܶûӣһӾʽˡ
ǲ뵽Ĺ֪ᱻ˰ɣ
ų̲סЦ


61 ȥй
ڶĩ, §˯Ͳ𴲡
ֿˣԹ緹ȥ翴ûкòϸ·ë߸ÿ֯һëΧ
緹ǹӺͲ, һ߰˸㡣
裬ó, ֽ, ģ
÷Ҳ˲٣̧Ƥ²۵:ԣϰǰ, ˵˯ʱ򣬾ͲҲ緹
գһ½ë, æһԵбⶼǰ, 糿ûұ, , ر, һ㶼𴲡
ڿ, Цˡ
÷εǸ˵̼, ľŴ顱, ǸϽ, ȥš
Ǹʮ, Ц۾гһ죬ŴüĿ
ʵλ
Ҳڴ, ԼھôƯĹϵЦݸʢ, Ǹ°, ӵ
, סھӡ
ãҽжǣҽСǾУ
֪ھʲôֻദ֪
Ա߻վһСŮӣܺߡ
ǰýݣ÷дǣԼȥù궼ʰɾ
÷ǰھӣСŮ˼ǡ
ô飬æ´˹ȥճģǳ
֮ܰѹϵá÷λھӺкøУóĻӣͶԷ˼ҳ
ȶʰʱһţ˳һԡ
⻧˼ǸĴ壬ǵĶӽ壬ڲﵱӪһԽܣӵĸǰʱˣĸŸʧҲˡߵ˭Ҫǣ忴սѵϾͰˡ
ΪչӣϵĹֶˣǧչǡ
Һüֻһӣ˺ܶ鷳¡
÷˺ܾԷʱ·ڴƻ
Ȱߺʶǣ㿴СӶõţǸ㲻Ŷͦü˲ģûкʵŮͬ־˼ҽһ¡
ĸ׵ĳ룬Լ߳Ǯ£ûµŮͬ־
ĳϦǾȥй
Ϊ˱ܿǻؼҵĸ߷ڣǹ˾˻𳵡
ʱŬǸÿ֯һΧǻɫģĸɫģǺɫģӶǷɫģһɫ͸үӵġ
λؾУ͸
Ϊӣ䶼ҪƽʱһװŸֻϴ·̷ۡӦоС
һƱסһλڴһ㴲󣬲Ű޷ŵ档
СǺжǵһ𳵣ж棬۾⣬¶ɰģ˹Ц
̥ɣÿƯ
̥ӳò̫񰡣
̥òģڳأϡ
ŴҵĿ÷Цòãÿ˷˼عϸɣҲǽԵ
ڻ𳵿쿪ʱ̳߽Ǿֱߵλ£̰Χ轵¶ȡ
ˣЦⲻ۵ס
÷֪˭ֻﳤͦÿǿƢ̫á
Ӵˮڿǵ˲
ܡͬ־ɡ㡣һĸոյѵ¶һ˿ɬ
Ӹ磬һ뵽ĮܾԼ磬ûôƺ
˵棬ֻǵͷ㳯޶ǱߵĴȥ
÷Եʣʶǣ
ţүүҵھӡʶؿǣ¶һίı顣
˼·˵:Ҳ֪˻ڻϡ
ǵȻģԼûôС۶
һȻæԼ£ֻǵ
÷ԾҲûټʡ
ܿ죬һѣ𳵿ˡ
򳵴ⲻͣ˵ķ羰СϾ˷ܣﻹš衱öǺһĻ档
Ƕ濴һУںͶ˵˵һ仰ӣƯ
лл佱ǶĿ⣬
û˵һԿֱżȫ㲻Ů
Ҫһ˻𳵻ؼң˳˵˼һĿڣⲻŰô
ӽеǣҪʮ߸СʱĻ𳵡÷ڴ߸֯ë´ʱ䡣
кСһˣǰǺ˯󣬱ڴһֱﶼûȥ
۵۾֮ù飬ʾ˯һžС
һ飬۾ȷƣǣ۾Ĵϡ
ǻмСʱܵǰþǲ̫ԶһͦԶôõĻ𳵻ʲôʱٰ
²ۣЦһġʵҪ㵽վҲа취ġ
ʲô취۾档
ûһ
ԼɵӡΪ˷йǺݺݵü۲ŹԹ˯
ֱƽǳĺӲŽЦ⡣
ڶһ磬ůůս˯ˡ
һСʱгҪյվС
Ǹǻ·ʪë򵥲һСЩˣſʼʰ
ҺֻһЩСҪܾʱáӰѴһһŵϣʱڲԶٴοʵôؼңүү˹ܲһ·
̧ͷü㣬Ҳûλá
־ܾĻʶȤ첻ٿȻλǸġ
е㲻ģϾΪɺϾҪˢڸУиӦǡ
Ͳ취ھӣүү˵չҵġ
˵ֱ׳·ֻҪ˳糵ѡ
÷ŭˣСǽǣΪС
ǷĻվǰСǶƤ̫Ů˵˳ûλӲ㣬ж಻ҪҪ˳ССѧãҪǺ꾫ޣ
Сһֱﳤܹ裿΢΢ȴ֪ôȥ
Χ˵ĿһѰѵӣе޵ݡ


62 ۻ
粻, Ʒв˵˴
ǵԽԽ࣬ٺȦ˲ñŶˡ
ü״, ֻ˵Ŀİ׷ȥ
÷, ô˵ԼŮŮ˵Щʲô
ֱ˻վ̨, ̰Ƣŷ, סүүҸڣиھӣǸӦ
ȷʵӦЦ, ͬĸĹ۵㡣
û飬÷ĬĬ˿
Ů, Ǻ꾫, еĸ̫󡣴Ҷ, ĻҲ˵
Ůɵ, ÷ֺɸֵĸо, զôûû, ˼ҵ㺢ӵĺ, Цˡ
ǸҪ, Ӽæ廰, ô˵Բᷢ
ǰİ, ҵĺֻккġ
ӣ
Ůô, ÷ڷ, ȸٸ, óӰοСǺ˵˵ֻҪСܺúùӣͿġ󰡣ҾĻľ֣ǺǺ裬˭ϹҾͻͻ
кС⻰Ҳѧŷͻͻͻ
վһճүǵġ
˾СԼǳվˣϽæ
÷ϳųĽ־ֻһжʡ
ǵһνǳ˷ܡھĳЩرԽʱӻҽһ
ں˶ʮ꣬ЩޱϤǰʮٿŲһĸܡ
·ûдϢгΪҪͨߣǵȣǶδ㽡
ǰУ˾ѳúƽȡȴҵĿĵصʱʱѾȥһСʱ
µĻӶе㺦£Сǽ§סǵĲӣԽҪķССִ
ĺүүңǲǵүүȥ껹͸һֻϻ
ϻͷСǵĺѣͷ룬ǵ˼ٵִˡ
ؼǶС¥¥⻹һԺӡԺſڣΪ㿴Ů
ڵˣ÷ЦԵһ·ˣݰɣ緹Ѿ׼ˡ
ؼһ¥ǿүӵң¥鷿ͷӵķ䡣
Ǳڶ¥ӲõüԼ£øС
ӰԼסķ䣬ʱǽϻ˲ëдú׳һֱ˺ȥλǰҲˡ
Щַ̫ۣһͿˡ̧ͷ˰죬̲סЦţëдǲ
ԼһӣһЦʱСȽɡ
˵ţִд̨һݸĵĻȥʰ
һ֪õ飬üӹܸȤ
ʱҪָ߿ˣҲúúѧϰˡ
Ǹпα㻹̿𣿡
ţǸһģ顣ӴŽ̿鱻ĸ㣬СѧѧһӦȫ
Ǽ״ܾȣ˻ѽ̿鱣ôãô
ҵЩ鶼Ʒˡ
ипαŵϣ̬ͦǫ飬ֻϲղЩûʲôġ
뵽ٹָ߿ζȹ꣬ǰЩ鶼ߣԿʱ䡱
Ҳд⣬ϵЩ飬е֪ʶƶǶ
괺ӵһδӻؼңⲻҪҽһ¡
ļ죬ÿ糿үӶСȥ䣬ֻΪôԺ֪ҵϱ
үڴԺ¸أ˭˶кߡһʱ䣬ȫԺ֪ؼϱƯ̸²ףվһرǶԡ
ԺЩС˵ӰϱˣҲҪһۡ
ʶǵͬ˲鷹֡
Ϊ˸л˳ϴεİæγԷ֪ͨ˽ӵ绰Сȥȥ֮ŴӦ
༸ҲڴԺס֪Ҳ㡣
Сǰһ죬ȫ۵¿Ѽ꣬ѼӾ͵ֻ
ǵһμǶͦЦ޺ɩӡ
ǵͱǶСһȺүǶտʼе㲻˼
ֻҪжģҲŶġ˳Ȣϱڶߡ
ŨŮǴԺӵܣӵְˬʴ󷽣˺йͬԡ
ڶǵһӣһ߸С죬һ߰в˵ˮƲ⣬ȴ͸ϸĺǻ
һٶȫ˵ע⣬Ƕھ̾ĸı䣬ŮĽǼһɷ򣬲ǵ˸ɵһֻ֪Ⱦƴţȫչˡ
Ʋ죬ԶСԹҼҹ˳ͦϸĵˣʵ˴أʱҶϲϲҡһڴԺƣˡ
ԺˣҲٰԣ֪˳ǵǰŮ١ԴϴڻϲɢһֱûŮˣھӣ˾͸һûӰ
밲ο䣬ʱȫȴͻȻûʱǰ˾ֹ䣬һƬž
˵Ŀعͷͼٻһİ˳
ڲӴԺ֪ӲԸҸվӣѡվߡ
ΪǾһ¸ûϵҲ紿ȡ֡
񿴵һļ˶¶һı顣
ҲǣķӦʱ꣬ϹʲôҸûϵ
Ľִ˵ĸо˱ЦˣҲû˵ʲô˼
ûнԹԱߵĿӴֵ£һɫ:ٸ˵һ飬ԼԷ֪ҲˣҺûκιϵ
ɲϲӵŮʲôǣ俴ͼ󣬸ᡣ
Ŀ±һƲϵٳεˣվһߺ޲ӡ
Ҳһû뵽ڴǰһӶڴԺûԸ
ΪǰΪ˱ӣ˳ûǱ߿ס԰ǿŽҪߵġ
ǺżƵʣʵ˵㡭
úõһٷ˽һͨҶеȱȱΪ˱ϴںߵ飬̧ͷҪҪºһԷ
Ļһ䣬˲мǧˣ:ĥ˾񾭲˵ͷôһԷأһڷϴô죿
ģסԺզ죿
һԳĬû˵Ҳû˵롣ļɨһȦ˿ӣллͬ־ͣҾͲˡ
лˣɷģҪл㻹лɡǸ첲ϣЦ̵ӿʮϡ
̧Ȼٷڸո˵Ļ
ԼٿʲôŮ˵ĵ
˵ע£촽Ҳ˵лл


63 
ɫһѿ, Цøˡ
ӹ𴽽ǣﾡ顣
ʱưˣҪ˵лл𣿡
лл˵ڣ͡صһ, ճԲٷǳ԰, һ¡
˵, ̧ƨɾߣûָð
ոô, קקֳĸ첲ֻϿ뿪аѽҲǺˡ
֮ǰ, Ҳ֪׵ģƾʲôŭϣ
ɫ, Ʋ, ʹ˵ǺҲ뿪ˡ
ߺ, ˳ǲ
ȴٴҰ, ֪ɫŵԵټ޳ȥ, ƽǿеĶ, Ըղŵ, ӦûϷ
Ϊʲôôż
, ҲԼͬؿ˳, ɰѹ˳ëˣвɣʲôϵҺֺܾˣ
ıƢڴ˿̲ס, ˦˳ǵ֣ߵ˭, ôҶ㣡
˵, ŭ, Ҳ˵˳һΣֻ׷ȥˡ
ӺͶǣҼ·Ѿֲ֣ԳԺȺûᡭ
ڳϦǰ
ǸȥһĺԺھ׷ӣһӸµŲ:һһĺԺһĺԺǶ˸䷽ġ
׷úܽǿõģƽ˰æտԺԺⶼܸɾ
ԼʲĲѡʵﻹһǮȫһ׷ӡ
ͷľִͷ񣬻ǵ͵һȽϺá
ǷӸкܶĺԺǴԺһԺסʮ໧ˣӣĺԺԭѱƻòˡ
֮ǰиס֪ǵķӿûסҪռҺ˰æţûռȵ¡
Ϊ˸лæӵˣš
һϷޣסڴԺӶϱ磬ŮˣֻһҺһ߼ѹ
Ϊܹ꣬ﶼȽʵݵģ׺棬ʮ⣬㹻Եꡣ
̫̫ƴǰЩ
ʱת˲ţϦһܿ͵ˡ
ò˵еĳϦҪȺࡣ
кСǴһСûȼĺԺܣҡҰڵִȡ÷ǣֻܸں滤š
ؼҵĻЦȴûʲô
⼸죬÷ԺΪ˶ǸС꾫һȺüҲûȵˡ
ˣʶȫˡΪҪյһʱٺĸȻӼ߳ոǼҵԺӡ
£÷۾һ壬ס
ʶĸ㣬ĸü
ǳϦүӰݸ꣬ڼ𣿡
ڣǽɡ
꾫ˣ÷ĻԺϹƣǣްͦص߽ݣǸ߰ģְĸͷһ
ؼҵ׼ʲôţ
߽үԼͬԼ壬ˣӭ͡
үүáүǰٱֵúͣȫƽʱĮĸҲʱ򿪿ڰꡣ
˵ͷ˵˼伪黰
˵˽һ㣬Ҳˣȴٳû
΢ɲü䡣
һֱ˵ĸһۣŮͷģزм¶˵һ¡
˵ʲô£׼ˮȻɳȻС
ĸ÷ֹ֧֧
ΪүӻŮ˻رܣȴû뵽ȴ:ûˣ˵ɡ
ڵǰ״ͦҪġĸһΪŮȥˡ
ǰʱ䣬Сٺһ˻𳵻ŴҶھӣܲ㳵ʡȥ鷳ƤһΣӾܾˡ
˵еʣҲ֪λĸǴĶģ˵СǺ꾫ڹӣŪСԲ˯ãƵƵجΣ˵̫˲ˡ
˵ⲻԩҼҺС˼ܿʮŽ𣿡
˼·˵:Ů޸ӣûжʲô¡
÷⻰һŭˣŮǸʲôɫԼʱô˿أû˭ԩŮ˵úûλãҪ˵˵ɵǼǵúͱ˵ɷһ˳
־ͬج֣ٶĸװȡ
øֻ֣ҼԼͷ
ĸ֪ʶӣƽʱֻᳳܣĿɿڴվԭأ㡱˰Ҳ֪ô졣
ȷӦģ
䣬ñ죬زλ׼˵ǲеְŮûޣһȥô
Ҳżҵԭ֮һ
ϵ£ǵһ˵šü
ѻݣ⣬˭ҪǶԵġ÷ҹѵŮҲֱֻӣʵƷҲСˣ˵ףôˣ
ⷬӵֱۣӰҷζĸҪվȴȥ
ˣСû˭ףŽ飬ǶǴԺϹġ
ûкСҪҪҸǽһҿǸСӾͦ
òãС¾Ͳ鷳ˡ
񴦴·磬ٴȥ˸뿪ʱ÷Ųˮ߹ȥ̬ȼΪ飬ǰѲ߰ɣȰôӦҲ˰ɣ
ͷŪӣװʲôû
ĸܾȲ裬÷ǰ˵ݣִ֣ĸƲ豭һ룬һȲȫӴϡ
Ƭˮο̲סгʲôѽ֪»Ǯǵһ촩
ˣ÷͸ˣֻû٣һź
Բӱүӽȥ¥鷿
ս䣬һ̨˹ԴһѪ
˵˵㣬ǸʲôԷҵˣҿСǸƽģȻ׼鲻ɣ
ٰ̨ŵϣдһ˿棬ǳϦ鲻ҿԣ鲻СܲѸոյĻջȥ
뷢쭵үӣ


64 Բޣ
˵Сϲ, ܳԵֺóԵģյѹǮÿ̵ľͰˡ
³, ǻ«έ
뿪һ£ûʲô仯, նպͽԪǼֻＦڻ
˵ǻ, ССܵܺͰֵܵһʱꡣ
ǸһһѹǮ
Сڿʱſ˫ۺ硱, СֶһԿŶĽˣҲС, ɴû
жվһǰһ, ŷӦСǱ
, ոǽ𣿡
С־, ֿС硱
۵¶һĨ, Сֶսи绹ģ
ǸС, ѴӾ黨ָҡ
뵽ϴθճ, ӹ﷭С׼͹ȥ
˵ҪȥͳԵ, ÷óˮ󵰷, ˵ǸǼҵСԡ
ڵԺ, ߳һλװˡ
пܾλ屡塣
˸Ũüۣȷʵͦǡ
µԷʶԼ, Լݣеزˮ󵰵˹ȥ
岻˼ͷ, һʱûҽ, ллĺ, ЩǲҪ
ϴճأǿ˵ţǰѶ
˱ȽסǣһЦǡлл㡣
˵ãûʲôȻȥˡ
תҪߣʱ˺ȻʵʡǾʡϿµĶ𣿡
Ǿȵ̧һ˴ݵġϾ˿£˹ע˭дġ
ţң㡭
ʵߣۼʵʱû̫ϣû뵽Լϲ߾Ȼסڸڣھӣ
㣬̫ˣ
ǺǣҲܸˡ
ôʵߣе壬ƽʱڶ裬Ҳ֪Щû
ܰǩ𣿡ۺڴö˲
Уûֽͱʣ硭˵´ΰɣͼܻݣûһܳ
ﻹ˸ֱʺռǱ
򿪵һҳοֱñ̬ȱϹϾ
ǩУ鷳ˡ
ǲڵһùֱڱɷǩԼĴǹһѵǵ񫡣
ܺ˶Լƪ£Ǳˡ
һϲؿǩ˵Լʵ·ġ
ʱѵ࣬ҪӦ쵼ҪѧϰĻ֪ʶÿ˯ǰᶥ⿴űֽ
һڱֽϿдƪƷĵطһοֽûȫƪͦ
ֻ֮Ҫѧϰʱͻῴƪ񣬶Ҳ
ǵÿƪϸÿ
ллϲдĶǵһ֪»Եáϲĳǧٹְ
ӦллŶԣҶôõľʳ
ȳÿ£ǻ˼ҡº˵ˣȤ㿴˼ңҵÿƪһĶΪɷ㣬дʲô֪ɣ
һд̨ĹһľС
ʲôʱصģʲôô֪
Կ׵ݸʾ򿪿
ǽӹԿš򿪺иǵ˲סˡһƪƪӱֽϼ£ı룬Կڼǵʱ档
һůдŽôЩҵ㶼
˰ϣüЦ⽥Ũɷô˱ȥҳ˿ᱳҪҪһΣ
ллˣҲжŻ
ţĻİɡ
ʲôȻ¡
ʮԪڡ
죬ǰǶеУһ𹲶ȼѽڡ
ڱĶԪԪһһը
ԪĿڸжǲ̫ϲϲϷԲ㻬ŴرóԡھŴ׷ۣԼԲԡ
Žһܶ࣬ʦŰˡ
ǸµĺӣѼοסԷǳȥҡ
ʦȥæԲܺ棬Сǣʲô
ϷԲ
֥ҲǴӾдġ
Gأ
£һ
׸ڼһֱˮȣҲᾭ߿ࡣ
һʱ֪ҪϱвˣҲ֪¶Ҫϱ룬νǱ仯ܴ
һ㣬ʦ⡣
磬ǮºԶƼҲˡʦĸеһԺ÷졣
ǣǻҸӡ뵽ﷱϲģһ̰˿عϡ
Ǯ¿عϾĹֱϴعϵĻȥܲ
ԶĽڶڽһʱϺͽжл鷿
ƽʱԶʹԶס½Ժôʮ
Ůһ߸ɻһྣҲûţɱ׼ǶȳԵȺȵү
Ϊﷱ衲øɻƼ÷λŮͬ־һ죬ֲ֪ʲô
̵ܵķľͷǵޡ
Ե̺ܸȤѼ̷СϣΧﷱ衵ߣĿתؿóЯСľͷϱȻ
˵˵ɣǶҪʲô
Сö˼СָϻͷҪСϻͷ룬Χ֮ڣûҪãָϲ÷˵ҪҪ
ﷱָ÷۵ȾһĨЦ⣬Ҫһޣ
ͷСرԣ۾ԲԲģ·һǰܱѡ
ﷱ衵񲻹ʲôûҪҧ˰ָͷָָϵĻԣ
УǿŻ򵥡
ùһ滨ﷱ衿ʼӵ
֮£һָľͷ˻ÿһܾϸʶ˿ܻΪǸ̽
ܿ÷ע⣬վ߹ģĶ࣬÷Ѳٹɣ
ﷱͣĶ̧ЦԵ:ѧҿԽ㡣
ˣҶ赶ŪľֵĶȤ÷ӳվһֿһȰ
ÿпգܲ鷳ҲҵҾ߶÷ûٿǷһ׻ߣʱһˡ
鷳Ҫʲô
ҵľʱڼרնһ
ﷱû뵽Ҫ̲סʣ棿
˽²֪÷ĵ߳æ͵ǣˣ̫ǴӾС԰ѧģʽͦ򵥣Ƕ˵ʱˣǿ塣
һҪ̫ﷱǰһ
Ҳһ̫ߣ糿ȥ߶ﻹкüͬˡ磬һ
÷촽һʱ֮䲻֪Ӧԣ
ֻһҲײľֿϣͷǲûĶ
л˵


65 Թ
֮һȴ, ȻڰԲȴһֱڹע÷ﷱ衵һһ
˵Цϻο, ϵĸо
֪ʱƼվ, һп
Ǹ, ӱȽϺҪûͱ㴰ֽ, ҹⱲҲǷ롣
Ǻͬصͷ˼һת, ʦĸ޸ôҪý, Ǵһ£
Ƽԭλٳɺüҽʿ, ⷽḻҽԺ, ееûš
а, ½, һ, ұ׼ǣκԵ
ллʦĸ, , һ
һߡ
ﷱ衺ܿ˻, ѻŵٶСЦ:үүСϻ
С˷֣·ö
ո÷ΪԲ, ֻܴӦԷÿ춼ȥߺʹһˣ
ܼܲȥ죬װװӾˡ
һæµ, еķ˶Ѿˣ
ÿһԲ, ú档ǶǱ, ǵһγϷԲ
Զʢһ̲סʣܺó𣿡ģǰըԪ⽹ۣڸһԲǶģʵʵ˵
⻰ճڣ˵ŭ
ӺǮ£㲻Ըң
Զס룬ʾԼֻʶѣû˼
ʢԲŽҧһڣ˲һ֥еŨڿǻ֮УըԪ˸оȫһиŵ㣬ŴԲƤ֥ڣʵ̫óˣ
һһûһͰԲԹˡ
ϵҲһԲ޲ڡ
СֶûǰûԲ涳ţȰߵʱæȥ
ʱڻҡ
翴ЦŮˣĵʮַУܹĽԶԿûò
һԵСֶҲƽͷԷ̧ͷİˡ
˭˵ĵײɵ̾治ԣô˵Ǽˣ
̧ͷ˵˾䡰ûֲˡ
״˵󲮣ΪѺӣȹЩӴҾϤˡ
ҲŸ͵ǰ̫СҲ
Ļ䣬յһǰۣ»ϽԲǿ˼ӶԺһúýǵġ
ţԹǾϢɡûǵԴǣǶԻ˵һ鷿
˽ĿӣͷӦ¡
Բʱմ鷿߳һȻֻо꣬ȴɢɬС
Ͱͬͬѧϳ
ôˣ˭ˣ޻˵ĺѣֻһܿԷԡ
Ժʯ£˶ܵͳүүˣԺչҺҵܡ
û̫еĺ壬չ˾չ£Ϊɶˣ
⺩ֱĺѣֻܰѻ˵һЩүү岻̫ãΪҺҵ㡣
ôһ졭ԸĻ档
˵ôֱףˣѹүүҲֻǿǵȫʵûκ⣬ʵڲϸ飬ܰˡ
šȻüһصӡ
ոүү˵úദѾˣһ͵ܵıɹ¶Ҳȥƾһܵܵģ
֪ʲôǮ𣿡
׬Ǯ¶˵·𻹺ңԶͷʾ֪
Ǯ
ţǮԺܵܡδѡ
ǻֻǸӣҲ֪ôο뵽еķУϽ˹ȥСԲرóԣͻˡ
ӹнڻĵ׻һů⡭
Դӻص«έ󣬶ǾҲû٣˵˲ٻھ
÷һ
ĹŲһֱû裬ʱٵλãһʱ֮
÷϶ȥ߶壬ֻΪԲѣȴˣ̫Ϊ˻һ潣
糿꣬ﷱȥľ
÷Ҳûͬˡ
Ϊ˱ӣһǰһдʮĬ˭Ҳû˵
106ŷ䣬ﷱſڣһ£ȥö
ţ鷳ˡ
˽ȥ÷ӿ涵ͳǮаϴεĻߺľǮ
ӺﷱŶ߳һѵ̾µľһʮ׸ߵ
÷һܾе졣
ʲôҲǸҵģ
ûϳԼӣﷱ衹û࣬ţģ鷳Ҹ
÷ӹľϸ죬ʮ⡣
ã⽣̫Ưˣлл㡣
Ŀޣﷱѵ¶һ˿֮ɫ
뵽йŮվһ̫ã÷ҪؼʱûȥֻվԭĿ뿪ֱӰʧУŲŲ
ת֮ȴǮѹڻ£ǮϻһСֽ
[ллʺͱСС¡]
÷дŤŤÿ
ﷱ濴һһ飬ֽƷ¿ڴƲס
дصң÷ľǣҸλ÷źãնһ׼Ǻ꾫
ͷ÷⽨ţǸϽѽСʣĶѽ±˾ٱ
÷治±ٱģСˡ
˵ţԶ˵̵ģҲã˵զôأ
ù񣬷ȥ˰죬ȻЦˡ
㿴ģľ㡣
÷Բ۾¶һĨŵı顣
С˵ģûΪǵߣǱڷһԱߵϡ
ÿ÷᲻Ծﷱ衵ЦôӶӲߣͺĪ
תůǸ̻˴װĩϢҲڴɹɹ̫˳ŵǲ
ôģڵҡ
ԭŹµˣⱾǼ£ȥĽ֣
ͻڣλû˵ҪѺߣҲߡ


66 ö
, ̲ס:Ϊʲô趼ˣûɲ߰ɣ
㣬Ӳ, ô̵ʱھͽĸĸˣ
㲻֪ǸƢ, ûʱ;, ϶ճʱֿ͸һ
λҲڼԺס, ԴҶ൱˽⡣
Ϊʲôʧٰ
˵ܲɷȥĴܵģҪҿǰѸ𶼰ܻ˲ӡк, ֯飬ںӵ, ֯ͲܲٳûѺ, ͦѰζ
ǺҲĻ, ûҵŴҵ˵, ֻڶǶС˵ˡ
ʱ˳̾һ, , Ӫ, û, ǻܰѺӵԼ, ˣӣô°
ǰ, ˼廹ǸСӣڲֻӻһ, ĸԸ޸
ƽʱԵһת, Цô, ˵岻ԴһȰŮȢ˰ɣڹеȢ޵費ã
ô˵û׼
ҶӸȢģҴȣ
ϧûӡ

һȦԣӴµʯ̫Ӳסˡ
СվҸ󳯼ȥ
µ̫ûôȣҲˣ΢رûŻؼңڴԺϹ
СǰͷļϣĴ۾ΧĴشš
ͻȻ̧ͷŤԲӣﻹؽš硱
סɨ˵ɻ:ôˣи磿
СȻƴֻܷҪ׸
СһһأСȳǰĴȥڴĻˤϽ˳лһѶû취ֻܱվԼˡ
ǾüڿĶЩãڶЩĶģ
żűֽƱӣõĻɫֽҲкüš
ʶֲЩò䵽СǵϣǽӲάԭƣͷС:ҡû㡣
ϣǸˣСǿˣҴк𣿻ͬ־̫ˣ
͵̧ͷ۵׾޴룬áƯ衱ġ
ҲǹģԲ𡫡
⵽ôѽΪʲôҪЩ
ٴεͷſڣǮ
ǻһ£˾λΪʲôƷ
ѵͿʼᳫڹѧˣոնԼΪ飿
û׷ʣ͵͵˿ҸߣԷ˵ȱˣӣѸǴݶˣһؼҰɡ
ͷЦеСǣֻԥһ˲ʹӦˡ
еķƷŽƤȻǣܰ𣿡
Ȼܡǿһ۴ӣûټ񣬡ˣ
ǵ졣뵽Ψһ׬Ǯķ
ߣû׷ʸࡣ

ľ²ۿɿڣϷϺӺＦµĵһڽӾˡ
ϳ˻磬Ҳڣ˵ȥƷк¶һֹı顣
ǲķûǸǼнӣԵѰĽӿɺóˡ
к׷˵ллŶ÷˲ʺƨֱ÷ùЦŵܻǰӡ
ԹûðŻһߣʵǲ֪ΪʲôҪƷ
ͷԥŸò˵ϾǺѵܡ
˫ֻǰЦв˵´ξͱҼҳԽӡ
ںѺͽ֮䣬ȻȻѡ˽ӡ
ѻĿǰĴ߸֪ĩ˻С̣ǧ߻˵ģȻԺ󲻻ҷˡ
ţģҾԲġ
ʱģԻ˽⣬Ǻ˼УȱȫУʱ뷨ͦۡ
ƷǮܵܵľٶʵ
ڿϣȥ˯žְֵ§ʣôˣθ
˻ƵţֻǵĻǺӣʲôˣһүүǸô죿
ĺ󱳣ģ˾ǺͿˣǲԼίģһĲˣҲȻǡ
ģ
ġ
ô˵Űġ
Ҳûλ
ͷҼһӹöͣôƷ񵽣
˷ֽƲƽЬ񲻵ǮĶ
Ѻټǿ˸ᡣ
һ࣬˳Ծɵ֣
ֱꡢꡢʮꡣ
Ϊ곤İһһ𿪻ᣬֻöˡ
Ϊ˽Ӻ͸ֺóԵģֻš
Сֶտ꣬ʵǸɵֵһһ
ʣһ±ƣȫ֪쿪Ŀʲô
ǶϵĲˮһڣȻŲ⡣
磬ʱķƷ˶Ǯ
ᵽΪ飬ΪëǮû׬ô÷ƷҲûܵһӡ
˵ûУָ棬а취׬ǮиԸ𣿡
粻ؿЩĶѡӦ
ţǰԼļƻ˵˳
ûзƷչվûõĶǮҪСʱĴȥвС
ȫ԰ҰȥշƷȻУ׬ۡҲ԰һЩƷΪ͵͵ȥ
ôΪǻ
:ÿĩ綼ҪϿΣԻΪ̣
˲Ȥ߸߾ֱʾԼҲҪμӡ
ǣöôˣ
õʽǼüƷ˭Ҳ˵ʲôɶΪṩҪǷԺҪġ
ƽʱ˷ѧᰤҰշƷĩֻΪʦ̸̼ѧϰ֪ʮֳʵ
ܿ죬õϢԺСĺ䶯
ǻ磬Ϊ˾ӣΪȫ
ĴԸϽؼң¸߻˾
ڿλ׳Щ𣬵һ뵽Ҫ˵¹غڻҵ
󲮣涼ڴǺãҰȥŪ˽֪˵û
ʵһһ֪ͷûзϡ
ûгԾ̲סѿڶզܹۼҲȱԲȱôǶô
ҪҲǶ˵档ǸСӾͳȥ֪ĻΪŰأ
ԣֻǵؿһۣ˵ûʲôɶ˵ģСʱҪأͶָߵ͹¶Ͳٲˡ
һ⻰￩һ£æԼҲշƷˣǵĺӵѧϰһΪѧϰɾ鷳ˡ
üһЦǱЦģ꣬ϳܵѧϰ𣿻˵ǵϼ꼶



67 ˵ý
շƷ, һû˸ǽƽϣֻҪò⣬Ҷ¼ѼķƷǡ
˼Ժ, ǻȥϾסƬзƷ, ǵӰ
һʱıæµ, еĵһǮʮëǮ
ȥǵļǮ˸־ſࡣ
ԪǮ, ̤ʵһ㡣Ϊлǳĺ⣬һƯķΪл, ֮⻹͸СһСϻͼ־Ϳˮ
ǿĵ, ѧҵ
Ͱͬ, ȥ, ϾĿǰ, ǰҲûдѧԶ
1975, ָ߿ʱ, Ǻͬ뷨, ֪ʶǿǰѧġ
֪ʶܸı, Щ֪ʶܰеķɱ
ӵ׸пαó, ܾ쿪ʼÿѧϰһСʱȰЩ֪ʶѧˣȥ, ҲүүѧѧĿγ̣ʲô, һѧ֪ʶ׬ڸǮ
ڶ׬ǮȤ, ԥشӦֻϣ쳤, ֪ʶװԼõܵܡ
ԱǵĶԻһֱЦȻߺ̲סʣûһѧϰǲǾĲ
գգۣҸ˺ԼһʲôĲ㾹Ȼʣ²ǻˣ
װͰ͵ӣЦݸģǵС˼ҲģƻǺеĸߴ󡣡
ȡЦԼǾȭͷװҪ˵ӣûȭͷҵϣԺһ޺˲ŵˡ
ܾС࣬ӶһۣȻ󳯸Ժȥ
÷ΧھҲ˳ţһãȻ
ֻԺһŮקСŮϣŮȴ߬ס½ǿ޺ţ̣ס°ɣҲߣ
۵ؿΪѡԼҶӻǵôһѸסҪǴȥôһӹ
ѾѾĲ裬סﲻ㡣
ʱŮת˼ЦӣϹ˵Ҳߣ϶
ദ˴꣬Ӷи飬ߵģʹ
ôأܲöӰŮȢؼҰɣ
һֱڿֵҲ۷׷ס
Ŀǰ״ǣû޽ңǺӷﲻߡ
СŮǿܴģЩĳѾʼȰѺӿ޵ãӪҲûȢϱⲻֳɵϱøһãⲻͽ𣿡
Ҫ˵ƽʱôãǶװģڰͲǸϽߡ
ЩƮĶ̫̫ίòУ˶켱ˣɼֻһڼңæ˵˶ûС
Ǽ״վ˳ŮˣǻЦ⣬λ㣬ȻϴԸߣҪȰ϶߰ɣǸһ࣬ú壬߲ѡ
Ů˿һ˯أһðô죿
⻹򵥣һëٰñӴϣû磬ðġ
÷Ůڰˣæ˵㻹ŸݰѺӱһռ˼ҺӾͲˡ
ŷӦæݱӡ
ȻѾѾֻ꣬ҲܿԼʱǰȫˣСʹˡ
ûһ˯кסᣬݸ裬⻹кƽԵĺȵĶҲһ
϶˯һ㶼ѣ߰ɣһ˯ѿָ֣Ϊˡ
ŮɿѾѾ֣ڵؽӹӣǿ΢ЦӣллʱչˣԺúöġ
Էĥʱ䣬װͣ¶Ūûһмأ߲
ʵһһ㶵ģӦæͷߣھߣ˵ֳ꣬庢ǿȥɣҪȥһˣҪˡ
ˣŮֻܴŶ뿪
ˣոջ溢ŵˣȫűӻˡ
һǱʾлСŮԹվһԳǣҲö˵ʲô
¶ܰҽһΣɰﲻ˵ڶΡΡ
ֻҪ˶иڣͰѲȢϱԵֲꡭ
һʱû⣬ļ죬貢ûţҹ˼ͣӡ
֪ǶǰĸףӸл⣬ͬʱǵдرá
Լλʵߣԥ죬ѵǸʵˣĵģսѵȻҪʲôû׵ҪҷȰս⣬Ҫǲˡ
һ࣬ŵ˵á
ȣǮºԶĻԼ
촬ʳðϲ硣һ͵ء
˶һңﷱҲСͬһ˵˵ЦЦһˡ
÷һ촬͸ѽ԰ƵģĶ档ﷱ衼״Цֻ֮һˣ֪ϲ㡣ǱŲŲ
ǶƼһп÷ȥϲĹҲȥ˲
ǰʱ䣬һֱæŰӳϲ磬ûǣߣʱˣǾһҪѺǣɲɡ
÷ȵңһȥ
÷תͷ¶Цݡ
ϲĲ治Զæ˰ɣ
ƼָѼֱ⡣ҿڸһԷʿ֪㰮ѲǱŲ
˵Щ֮ǰ÷ûо룬ȷʵô£
ԷԲԼ˼ֻٽոճԷʱкü˳ҴڵʹˣһҪ󲻶ֻ࣬Ҫˣ̫ܸѾСôָأ
˵ţһؿ÷ֱ׵ʣΪôòҪҪҰǣߣ
÷׼ԭأû仹Ҫչһλ
촽ܾˣɲæǣߡĺˡ
ܾƼҲû̫˽εǵЩʵ
ǼȰΪǻص˲ŸӦûһΪԼһЩɣСҲϣҸ
Сǣ÷е׹ƼΪʲôҪԼ˵ý


68 ͷ
ϲؼҵ·, Ǹо÷Ůʿֵֹġ
û֮ǰЦǺǵģܿﷱ衲֮˵ǶԼ̬ȣۺԹܱꡣ
ﷱҲʶʲô, ȫᡣ
ص, , ȴ÷ȵˡ
Сǣ¡
Ӻ, ڷһԣ÷ȿ:ǲʦĸҽܶģ
Ϊ, Цˡ԰˵ˣ
÷Цôľ͸, ǲ, ԲŸ˵£
һ, 漴һЦ, , ľùѪ, ɱԩ, ûô롣Ǹ, ֻǾǲһеϧ
ɶǹѪ÷̫, ɺĻȴˡ
ʮʮ꣬˵жʮɻɶڵģ˵ҲԸñ˴Ҽǡ
ô˻ٻ, ˵ȥ
û˻㼹ǣԺ˶֪ʲô, ֪ٻ, ֻֽкá˵ԺֻԽԽ, û׼ܻһأ㲻ôۡ
˵㣬˵ô¶÷һƲˡ
֪ʱ˼뱣أҪı뷨һһϦ£淴ûȰ
˵Ķ˵ˣ˳Ȼɣͱ㴰ֻֽܿԼŬˡ
Ѯ
Ժһ·:ҵ֯ѼŮҲͻȥ
Ϊûչˣģˣټչȷʵ顣
֯ǵĸҲˣǺģͬľ
¸ĸ᲻ҪޣİѺ͵֯ģȻ֯衣
˵ʵѺҲѹܲסԸҵֲֻѺߵ¡
Ժ̫ˣ۾Ϲˡչȥû׼ҪսѵȢؼҲա
׻˵޲ۣܸ¶
ߺӺϷѹ˼ҲӦˡ
Ϊ̫ƽˡһ죬ѾѾܻˡ
˵ҪҡСվԺ֣Χۡ
ⳡ棬ЩѪѹιȥҼôɵҪȰȥɣ̫㣬͵͵ܳġ
⺢СҲ֪˭ã㲻
ΧȺڵֻжǾ²Ծ
⺢ӲסôԺأվʿ죬ҲҪ֤ܷͨ벿ӴԺ
豻֯ڲдԱŮ֤ͨġ
ߵСŮǰʣѾѾ̣߰ôģվû𣿡
⣬ѾѾЩ޴룬Ϊû뵽ǰλ̾ԼóԵģѾѾɤС˵ҽģ֤
ĻһƬȻҶΪ͵͵ܳģû뵽͹ģ
Ȼ²ǰ㣬:ѾѾģ
ѾѾ͵͵ԥŸò˵ʵߣѵһ̣࣬Ϊɶ
뵽ÿη̶ı飬ѾѾµ˵ɵаͷͺóԵļȥˡ
˵ţͷ̣ǲϲ𣿡
ȻôףΪʲôҪͻ
ôʣ˲ӷᣬ֮¶զܸ˵
̾һ:ԹԹɣֻҪС
ΧȺҲΣҶɵ豧ʲôĿģһĿȻ
ʲôж𱨣
˼Һĺӣȴ½帣ⲻ۸ʵô
ҿѾѾֱ䣬ҧҧְѺͻص֯ھӸһȥģΪ֤˵ĻԽ¶նġ
֪֯ôģûãӸϼҡԴ֮ҵԺǳͣˡ
ĳ峿ﷱһ̫վڶǼǰ
ֱͦ壬ţŵмɷǵĸо
ˣ÷¶һĨڣǻܣȻٰԼҲ񷿣զˣӵģ
ԴϴβμϲѾܾûˡ
羪֮㣬ﷱ̾ǿһĨЦģʱûǲǳʲô£
÷ûӣеĽвᣬۣȲˡ
˼Ѿﷱ衺ֱ׵ʣΪҲŲȥģҿԲȥߡ
÷̧ͷû뵽˵̷˭˵Ϊģۣôأ
ˣ۵ȾЦ⣬ȷʵͦģֻҪûҾͺá
˭ˣҹȥݺݵһۣȴòУ֮Ҳֻһһ
ϣԷմǲеͷ
ǻʱźüͷѹͷڳİϣ÷˵裬͵ģϰͷ˵ƣа
÷ͷ۵һ˿ңöǰѹͷͻȥ˵͸ҵģûϵϿ찾˰ɣһ㣡
÷:
ʢĵ٣ֵһ굱еӾһ˺üСһĴСģɳ̲ϳһķ羰ߡ
ͰѧӾӴȥ˺Ǻ÷ɳ̲ϣÿһƿˮټӸСʳرܡ
ǮºԶҲڣԶǸѼӣֲ˼̥Ȧֻܺһڰߵڡ
Ǯֻںεر𳩿졣
ΪֹҲûѧӾⲻЦԶ㿴εöÿһк֣ȫõû˾㡣
ȡЦԶ㱻ЦˣҲӾɣк֣ƻ۹Ǻ
˴۵Сۣû»˺
÷һԿݸÿһϣҪҲȥѧѧһ˿ӾС
ǾԼѧᣬϾϣûѧɣһչ˺ӣԶȥѧɣһúýġ
ԶӶͷ˵ͼԶĺˮһƴӾʶسȥܱ߶ӺأˮˣϿ죡
ʱҲע⵽ǱߵͻѻͰǮ£Լ򳯺ȥ
Χ˼״ҲǱ߾ˡվڰߣ۵͸ŽֱҰ˾ϰû£Ĳء
һˣ˫ۣɫ԰סΪ˼ȣҺ˾üʱ³ںˮƤ˶رӲģԶ˵ҺԶȥҽԺͺǼɡ
£Ҳûͬˡ
ߺ󣬺ߵǻš
Һۼ⿴ˣȻһȥ⺣ء
ǻӾģͰˮΣȳǱݰס׳¡
Gղ˿զôأ֪˭
ǡʲôţˣǽıֶӡ


69 ϶
ıֶ, ǲǽõܣ
֧Ŷ䣬´ʲôҪϢһҲӵͷǿɾ̫Ӧˣ
Ǯ´Ҳϰˡ, ûѧȥ
Ϊ˻Ծգȥﷱѧ, ÷, Ҷȥ
ôˣǲǴ˼ϢҪǻؼҰɡ
С˼, ȴƫƫԸ˵, ѧʱ˵¼ҹһ, ȥһܸ˵ġ
һԵǮҲŸ͵ѽ, ȥɡ, ÷̡
Ӷ, ÷ֻܸȥд
ʱ, ﷱڷ⿪ѵǿ԰ժƹϡ
˻ƹ, ˺߲ܶ, ֻΪܴĵʱ䡣
Ųñʹһв·, ƽʱĶŵྶͥ
дʱ, һ۲ûϳǻۼ⣬үү
ﷱ̧ͷ, Դҳ¶һĨõЦݡ
ȲȣиժĻƹϣرۡ
һгԵ, Сֶܹȥ, үү, ԣ
ãǽݣҸϴƹϡ
˵ţһժõĻƹϣ߽106ŷ䡣
֮ǰǺ÷ֹ⣬⻹ǵһ߽ڲιۡ
еĲ࣬ŵ˴һд̨һӡ
أϷõСȴԾӡ
СɫС㣬ȥرϲ
Ǽ̵һο㣬Χд̨ǰԲ۾档
ûжĵӣﷱڴߡ
壬ѧ̵ģϴӵСϻΩΩФ
ǾĴָָ
ԣ÷Ȼصͷܺڸ
÷òڣﷱѵö˳ʱ࣬ѧҿԽǣҪӻ𡣡
ܿ죬ֻлͰѧϰ̶ڶ㿴
ĶǿĶǶ൱뻮һ
÷һοﷱ潲εģ
ƽʱͬ۵ûкЦֻ򲹶··һˡ
һ̣룺֪ʱǸʲôƢƲơ
һߣھҽԺ
ˮڴѹڲã⣬ֱӣ۵ײйâ
Ӹ磿þò
ƺ΢΢һȫ벻˭ǿԶ֪֪
ԶҡҡͷҲһãȻ
ûϳԼ˲ֱӴӲ˳
ǽة㲻ǵˣ
ü룬˭
ʮǰ˻ֻǸĺӣתѾˣ˿ʱģ
ˣþò
ҵĹϵΣةһֱ϶ѧϰİ˽ĵֻʣ¼
ллңȻˡ
û뵽ȻҺоա
֮͡ȻѾ֪˭Զةȥ绰
绰һͷ˵ԼõܸϾסҽԺüģµ绰ͳҽԺȥ
ة˵Цʱʱûðɣܲʡģû±Ϲƣ
֮ǰةλø磬ڰǰ벫صӣǷҲ֪Żֲǹġܲܶеͬģ
Ҷ죬ͷһ
ӿһֱǰԽ:ҽ˵Ժ۲һ죬Ҫò˱á
Ƿһ飬ýܸ꣬ллָһŵл
˱ûʲôͬԣͷԶ뿪ˡ
˿ֻ̣ʣ½ֵةֱ׵˵ܲܿҵϣӸˣ鶼Ѿȥô꣬Ҳúͽ˰ɣ
죬ةΪͣϵëûȫҸʲôӣ˯Ժ˷Ѵλ
ʱӲ˽컹бҪ
«έͷ
ϪﱧһŮӤԵɷһʣ˵ųôûˣ
˵Ϫһʾ԰ꡣ
ܣ뿪꣬Ϻûʲô仯
Ƿ޳˲ٿֱ࣬ǴӹŹǰͦġ
ָܻԼߴһ·
ţվԭֵʮӣҲûܰѽ
߾žɥʵڵȲȥˣǶԶϪ˵ȴӻؼҰɣΧתһת
˵Ҳ˲϶ԷǷͬ⣬ԴͷԽԽԶ
Ϫźӣű߻䣬һʱ֮䲻֪ôؼң
к˼һվ߹ĵأզͰԼˣҪȥĶҰһѰɣ
ϪһЦ࣬Ǿ鷳ˡұźȷʵòôණҪȥӴԺ
ԷǸʮϺһʵڵӣһЦְæûɶӴԺǿ߰ɡ
ţáĺӻ˯ϪҴ˵ŲҲߵ̫ǰˣ¶Էߡ
ֱԺӰӣɾ衣
ʱ֪ܳһֱУĺҲ⹷ѿϪŵͬʱæŮǲޣһƹߣ
Ϫ׼򹷣̧ͷĻйӰӣոհĺ˶ʧˣ
ʶԼƭӡ
װȫҵȻûŶǮʧҲС
ӣһСһĴţͷѲ
ʱһȥԽԽʧ󳹵ײκϣ
꣬صԺļУϪݵһ£Ǵ
ĸǻˣͦ˵ģһݾͿʼޣ˭һ
զˣ߾أ˵ųҪԷ𣿡
Ϫڱ˵У̲סԹⶼָ߾ҵˣ
ɶˣĸסؿڣйϲżʣɶզôĴⰡ
ϪίҲûע⵽ŵɫԣƴֹסᣬܹҴźӻҪ䶫ˣ˰Ҳûҵ
ĸһû˹ȥ


70 
Ϫԭܼ, źȻֱͦͦصȥ˶ˡ
ŮŵһԵϣæܹȥǰΪС
ôˣҰ
ʱ, ߾ɢĻк, ʶ, æ񱼽
ڵϣ˶ɵˡô£ôˣ
ɷڻ, Ϫһۺ⣬ҵ, εˡ
ɶˣզܶأ߾ۣȫԼﻹûѡ
Ϫæ˵ڲ˵µʱ, ǿȥҽԺɡ
˰, Ҳû, ĵײɵõԤС
߾ʶ軹û, ͨε
㱧, ұ, ǿߣ
̫̫ز, Ǳ˵ҽԺʱ, Ѿֹʮӡ
ĩ, ҽԺֵֻҽûCT豸һȫƾҽḻٴ顣
ֵҽԸĸ˻飬, ΪɲԳѪ
ɶԳѪ߾Ծغһֻ˵һ, ΡΡ:, ǿɣ
ϪźվԱ, ֻοģûµġ
ҪΪ㣬ҲԳѪ߾۵ǽô꣬һηƢ
һܼϪίòУ֪ڲִ˭˭ʱֻȰԹ
飬ĸȷΪԳѪ­ҪӣҽԺһλҽֵ߾˼ⳡϾҶݣ¹ϵһҲǿ
ɶϪȴǶǼˣרҵ࣬ĿǰҽϿҪġ
ֽ£߾ԥһջȡӵ
ڶ죬ϪĸסԺϢڼԺﴫˡ
¶ǲ֪⵽Ҹ¡
ڼԺĸ˫ûдкϪˣ͸ܷκθı䡣
ʱϰҽԺ
ĸһҹסƵĲѲʱմʳ򷹻ĶϪ
ϪòףЦþòСǻ𣿡
ܺá
Ϊĸѯʼڲ˵⣬˲
ƽʱҲͲ˼˵Щ벡޹صĻɶϪȴΪҹϵͲ̬Į
Ц⣬û˵
ߺͬļЦǺǵسϪ̽ʶش򰡣شֻҽҲãҲ£
Ϫﻹţñ˶ӵĿޣϣûҿɲ鷳˼ҡ
ʱϢ󻹸ŸճԺĽة
ǿһ۲ϵĸĸȻüϪôˣ߾أ
ˣϪǿЦҹһޣոմӻؼ˯ˣֶһڼңҲġ
ʵԽҲһ˿Թ
û߾鲻ȥɢģҲᶪŸͻԳѪ
ʱ֪ԷѾԹԼֵߵĵϣӿ㶵ͳʮǮʱ֪£ֻô࣬ȥãҡ
˵Ǯŵϣ͵õܣԲûȥǡ
ĽͣϪĿѵԹһ㡣
ˣмҪ㡣ؿ´κϸڣĸǰ͹һ˿㻹ӡ𣿡
Ϫ͵̧һ˿ת˲ţסش͹һ˿СҪҼϲ͸ˣô㿴˿ˣ
ţȷʵȻĽͺȻһĨš
ûĨţԼ˿ˣԲŻţ

߳ةң̲סʣ磬ոŮ˭ôֺãʲôɸ˵ܰɣ
һۣ˵ͱ˵û˰㵱ưͣ
ةͷӣûŭ
ʵˣƢһȥ·ȥӼҡ
һҪȥңة˲侫һ񣬡ãȥ㶫֮ɲܿȥ
ãѾ׼ˣ˵С
뵽ҪӵͷЦӿ꣡
Ǻͻһѧϰʱ򣬽ֵˡ
Ϊžˣǲûп彯ةĳ࣬ŷ˳һرϲ
վڿԺةһʮȾϹɩӰɣɩãҽнة
̧ͷһģӸĶӣû뵽һζôˣ


ק󣬺޲ҸطȥTMˣ
˼ӽˮˣ˼άеҡ
û£Ҳȷʵİӡ
εЦЦةҪȽɰˡ
ڳɻأǵһ°ɡ
˿̣ĬĬվԱߵĻսһụ̊ڻζոǾ仰
ɰӣÿģ
ʱةѼϵĸпαʣɩӣ㿴вϰҪ
ոոҵԲŻû档
ǰһ̫ܽллˣ
ةνذڰ֣üʼĳ
ǵĻĪֲˬĸо:Ů˺û˺ɫ
Ӻǣ̴ӷֵ߳ܣ΢ɲü
ӣةԵܣһϲĲʺƨ
̫üĿҡҡڰߵǰЦ
ةЦסˣɻͷ㲻Цʲô
ǲʵҳúܺЦ𣿡
⸱¶ӣǵЦǺεؾǣЦˣЦƨƨŶ
в̺ôһѱҪ͵͵ߵĴèָŽة˵ͱ񣡡
Ԫ޿ĻԲ۾ةܻСǲ񲻺ãŻɵ
ةҲڿŽԪһʱ۾ͭƵģŲ
һһèɶԷҪըëˡ
ﻹһĿģϷ͵üģԶɫ˵ܵ˵仰𣿡
ţԡ
ӵע£Ժ⣬˼һ˲˿ڣһ£ϴ˿ǶϪ͸ģ
Ҳ֪ԼΪʲôҪ⣬ܾԲϡ
Ǳʵ÷£һ²żǴںߣ˶˿ֹע
ǲǶϪ͵ģһ͵ģʲô𣿡
ûǴ
ûǴ
ĵ׷ڵ͵˿ԭ裬͸˶ϪϪ˵Ҫ˿ֻ֤һ¡
գһ½ë˳ǰ׵Ӱ˵ıƭ˭ˣ
Ȼǽĸף
ѹֽά߼ң²㱻ӰҲûҸ߼ҵ鷳
´ĪеΡ
ҪҪ߶ԷԼǸѣ
ֻûӦʣô[]㻹ǶϪ


71 
[]ԭùı
ʱС, ܺ棬ͬѧǶбѣԭҲŮѡ
ǶϽ˫ڴ, űǼϵҵı[]
Ѿµ𰸣һ¡
ǲĸıѡ
ô, ĸǰ, ǶϪ
ĸలοˣҲǶϪ
ĸײҪʱ, ͷˣԲǶϪ
ô, ԼȻҴ˱Ʒˣת
ѹŭ, ԶǳһĨЦ, ةû, 뿪ˡ
įıӰ, һζ, ˣô, һҲơ
, ԺҪôͶϪ֮Ĺϵ, ⲻĹķΧڡ
߻Ժ, ļʣʲô
ܺãǰһЩ
ûĲԾ, ԭͽĸ׵Ĺϵһ飬ĩ˲Ц, û뵽ҺԵ֣
˶Ҵ, ӷͬʱһ˿ͬ, ̿ǡ
ԺͶϪԶ㡣
ţһģһԶԶġ
ֻ˵ڴ򷭴̳ӵ£һַʽȫС
һҹڵҹֱɤΣ˲ʳ֪ζطŹ
ڶ죬֪ĽûеһʱȥҽԺʶϪ
ǽżҺ͸߼˵ϣԽϸԽá
СһαˣҲҪؾһ²С
һʱѧϰǺͻѾѸ߶Ŀγȫˡ
ȵγѧ꣬ǽˢģʽǱΪԼѾܴˣû뵽̻ߣȻֻо꣬пαȴޱɣͯ
һŬѧϰģɸ֮͹Ϸ뷨
ʵǣ˵Ļ⣬һдܸУǱȫ˼ŵ档
׸ʦ޵ĽģʽǷֻҪȥǻУҲĿ
ˣǮһƥֵҰһǮƽִʮָߵܿ˺۲
죬շѧӸסˡ˵ĺͬͷĶһааʣֵܣ˵Ǯ׻˵иͬôҲüһɣ
üԷѱ̧°ͣΣҵǮƾʲôָ㣿
СԸͦҰͷЦһȭͷƾȭͷӲ
˵ţһӵϣһȭ߰Ѱϴһգǰŵ壬ǻ㣬ʱǮ׼ã
۵ڵϸ˸ѧУʦŰͻؼҵġ
Ǻͻ֪˺󣬱ȥ˰׼ҡ
ֻкһһ飬Ƿϵڿϣۡ
ôŪ⸱У˭۸ģ
ǵʻֻк˶촽ûлش
ʦһԿֱ߿Сǣ㿴û⺢Ӿǲ˭ģƢһ
ʮഺڣǵΪʲôԸشԭֻһ:ǾӶ£
½㣬ȳȥɣͻһ
ʦΣֻܴӦ
ǶˣŸ졣
ֻϵʵ̫ˣ
ô£˭㣿
뵽ǼӣһߺޣҲʶǣ˵廹ҡ
ô죿һѧɡ
Էʮ˾ĳˣǲһߣǣȥ˰ɣа취ǡ
粻ͬؿܵǣʲô취绹Ǹߴ˰ɣ
УҼҳæ̫ˣһҪǺÿ
Ȱ˵ˣֻܱսͣ뿪׼ҺŶԶ˵ʵ顣
һζͣһж룬ӦôӸϽ¡
ڼ˰²ų׺áҲûţ͵͵ѧѧ񶷣ֻٴμǼӿԴùǡ
ǼӵһͷõڶΣûȵǱȥӴԺ
ɻûǸжѧˡ
һѧͬĺͬٴαǶкȻͦñֱ¡
ңһһǴſ£
ӹЦǳ˵λ
ǮһΧŹ
Ȼѧ˼дܼɣǰ޻֮Ҫʱ򣬶ǺͻżԱΧסˡ
ͬ־ֶӵǮ
ǴŵøϽջ֡Ǽ״ѰӵϷ
Ǽһ֮ǰ׺ݣֵúί壬û١
ûһ˰ɣûİѼҳҲ
Ӳȥֵˣ³ˡ
Ϊ֤ˣǴŰҲȥ˹֣ⶼ󣬲ſڽ
ԱƱܽκ⣬ʱ򷴶øء´鷳¼ǵҹ壬֪𣿡
뷴䣬ҲֻܵͷԹš
УǵǮܱܲɪ㿴˼һ磬ǮˣûǮ
ץץܲǮΪ˻𣿲Ȼ

˵ֻģһ㶼ûᶾģ̲סһۣúһΡ
ѧУģ㷲ģٽӴԺǰͻһһƿˮ
̵ģر
ʱһֳ߾һײ磬Һûʱûײ
ֳ˼㴳æͣ³ҪǸ
Ŀԣ˫һ㶡
ǿŶϪ:겻ɢ
ϪźӴֳǵЦһԶͬһȣر档
С̣С̡
Ӥֻ´ܽгС֣Ǿˣ
һʣմҽԺ
ţŽԺˡϪĵһĨ죬ЩΪʲôͻȻͣ
뵽ǰý̽￩һ£㡭мų𣿡
̲ס̽ǺȸԾмǰȥҼҡ
𣿡Ϫǿװ򶨣֪ʱ䣬ҵ׾ʲôôͺͺˣ
ۼԽԽʶӡ
ǿ뷨ӵסȥ·Ū:ôͻȻѽ
л˵


72 жĥ
ʵǺԷǿ, ͨŵ¶
ϪֻǴԳһЦϴΪ, ųһֱҾ, ϣܺ޸ϵ
ףպͺáЦЦ, 뿪ˡ
ϪšüģվûŪǷ֪ࣿ
ʱֳϵֶӺһ䡰, ֻջȴǻؼҡ
ĸƫ̱, ƢҲúܱꡣصһûݣ洫µ, 㻹˵Ϊܱ𣿡
߾ƣ, , СϪҲǹŪ, ܱܲƽˣ
ЩԻ, Ϫһ, ˽ȥ
ɷǰ, Ȼ, , 㰮ԵĶ⽴
ô߾еʮְο, ĸٴȰ, 㿴СϪТ˳, һҪԵ㶹
¥ĳ, ϪˮͰóһС⣬ٴӽʢһЩĵײɵ÷ᡣ
һСҪչˣۣҲ֪ȥԼֶܼã
߾߳һίΪ۵ļ򣬡ֻܲ˴Űϣҵϣһʶ
šϪͷ̧ᣬֻҪҺãҾܼ֣Ҳġ
ı֤߾ĬĬ˿
չǱСټһֿһλᡣ
οǣǿ塣
ǿ򻪹ǿûкõǽô
ΪˣһͻƣһҲ⣬ȻǲӰƵĳ
򿨶һ»øߵȽԸһ
ְϣɻһ
£ҪܳͷͷҪ˶
Ŀкܶ:ȭܡá
Щ̲ס²ۣⲻ֮ǰѧЩ㻹ҲҪԱƱ
ۣһĨЦǿ壬ΣʱԱƱȫһʣɰ
˶촽˵һ¶û˷
뵽ѧЩҪнУǱ˵ϡ
Էͬˡ
ǿӾˣ
һ룬ʱҪһ㣬ֻʮӣ˶һСʱ
ÿ峿衣
տʼСֶܲô𴲣ӶùУֿۡ
ģγϰҲӦˡ
֪¶ʱѾ󡣶صԼԺӡ
ŴűģԼ̻Ӻ壬򱡴ǣӪоɼסôڣôûҸѵ
˵:ܱӪ̵ú
һ뵽ɷǽǿģ˵ñȽί񣬡ƽʱϰѾæˣһۻô죿ֺҪһô죿
ķУɵЦûôǰɣ鷳Ӫˡ
̲סʣú͸ǶӪררӦɣ
ôСԼüҺһ
ʲôôȣ
СʱһȺг
ܿǱľַͰԵر˷ܡ
վԼߣΪ͹ôãһܴ׼
Ц㼪ԣһŬġ
ʱ廹±״̬֪ҽԵ޹Լʲôľ֣
͸޸֮ҽľַеʤ֮䰡
ҪҪˮʱӺȻʣȿʼȿʼ
ӴͷһЦҪȿʼɣٴ򡣡
ȿԷʲôˮƽٿǸô죿
ӵͷû˵ʲôֶ׼ǰİӾһ׼ľַͰĸ
ľ֣ÿһ¶аġ
ֹ忴ɵˣҲɵۡû뵽Լ˾ȻôǸľ֣
ľ֣üһ˿С·˵:˾ô
ľַ屶ѹոյģľ׼ģԥ۶˰
ֻһ㡣
Ѹٵ״̬ٿľ֣Ȼľֶаģˡ
һΪ޸֮ҽ
ͰæƣӮⳡ
¶Ҳѧľֻ֣ľֹ񫣬ûдӦǵҪ
αӳɹλ˺ǵ½ĺúƣΪûͰ಻ԡ
һȥ
ǾһÿС߱׳ۼϾҪ죬޻ͲСް
ʱҲǮ»еϢԶڼңǮ±ƼһֱڵϣÿżʱǶȥǼԸеиơ
죬ӼԺһӣðԲһ˫ۣһͲƲ磬Ǹ߾̣Ϊźĸġ
Ϫ̫ϲֲ̣˵ֻܲػػԸ߾˵ǱûʲôǮһź㹻ˣ̻ȥɡ
뵺ǰϪСѧѧǰʦ뵺һֱǼͥ뵽Щ߾ԥؾܾ㲻ڼҴŸûѧУˣչͺӲͦõҲһٶõĺ¡
Ϫ룬мֵҲûټ֡
ǰ죬ֵ̱رڷܣʲôŸɣѸĸͺչ˵رáϪȷʵܸɣȥѧУˡ
ѧУҲû˵ʲôֻصԭĹλϡ
ƽʱԷȥʳô򷹣ԴӸˣ͸ĳڼ˵ǼķҪʳõĺóӪ
ֻҪԼϪûκ
߾̸һСĻʳѹʱ˸ĸøĸÿ¸̻ʳѡ
һ㣬ϪʱѱԸȥˣֻܵԺһҪ
תһڹȥˣڶϪΪҪʱ̿ʼˡ
ƽÿ糿ʼɻˣɽ쵽ߵ㻹û𴲣ۼ͵ϰʱ䣬Ϫֻȥ
͸ĸסһ䣬ÿžﴫϡ
һͼ۵ĸϪˣæǳ㻹ŸأŤˣҩ
ϪһֱֻȥȡҩơҩƷŵϸҪȥϰ࣬ĸ˵ͿԼͿ𣿡
裬ϰҪٵˣҪͿһ°ɣ
ô˵ĸŭˣ㿴ܸͿҩҪΪ㣬Ҳܱ
һԺϵáϡüɥ˵ϣ˵ӣָ߾񲻺ãôһѪԼͿϽϰɣ
ϪסƢҩƵһϣ̵Է־һϣզô˭𣿡
һͨں糿ϪûϷû̫̫һ٣ϰҲһСʱ
˵λֱ쵼һͨŪľƣòװȥԷͼǴŻ˾СӳУ칫ȥ
˼һתĸȥ
л˵


73 
У칫, Сֶڰ칫ǰĳϣЦ˵УллԸ⺢, Ҳû취Żǰһѧǰġ
У۴Ц⣬Ϊǽһѧǰ
ѧУһѧǰ, ÿһʦʮѧʦĽ鶼ܷḻ, ǳʱ仹пμʳԳԣ涼üҳġ
˶, ͷСֶգպ㿴ð, ôСѣкóԵ, ѧòã
Сֶձ, һ㶼һ뵽үүȥ˾, ѧ, ֻܰѲԸ͵͵ĵ, ɵĺúӡ
ôί, Ҳ, ɼѾĸ׹۵, ô˽ĸչСֶա
ӽ쿪ʼҼס, ÿеܵ棬ѧءҶòãʱҽѧУ﷢Ĺ£𣿡
סƯ衱, Сֶǰһڲոôѹˡ
Ҫ춼ңС, ˫۾ؿ
ṴСָ, һ, İɣһ˵ģ
뿪󣬶ϪŴӽ߳ոհ칫̸˸š
뵽⺢ǻ˾ӣ⡣
ѧУصңΪСֶ׼ɫ͸ľߡ߰ʰүү͸ȥ˾УҪܾòܻļңѧУ˭۸㣬͸ңҴŵܵһȥ㱨û
СֶŶЦĵ׵ɢ١
ڶ죬ɶгȥѧУΪ˸ʦһӡСֶռҪò
Сֶձѧǰһ࣬ǿʦʱһ¡
ϪЦ֣Сֶյ̬ʮֺͰףͬѧðʦԺԽҶʦ
Сֶǳһ۶ǣԷʾˣŹغһʦá
Ұ׳ôǱСֶս
ȵ뿪ԭɵֵֶЦģĬĬ߽˽ҡ
Ϫ״ļʣô᲻úͶǰ̷ֿģʦ㣬Ҳܺõġ
СֶͷԲԲ۾˵Ų㣡
ûڡƯ衱Ҽ
Ѿ
Ϫû뵽ɵĺӾǸС˾촽ΪԼ㣬ûҲն𣿡
Сֶ϶һѾˣʦĶҶվܾˣۡ
ԲŻԼϪͷһָŵһмλ˵Ƕɣʦչ˵㡣
СֶǸλò̫⣬ʦҸô߻ô֣ǲӦں棿ǰᵲСѿڰģ㲻Ϊҿɰƫۡ
Ư衱ģʦںϿʱͱС˵
ϪȻЩڰСħͷҪԼ
СֶԸڶţܶСѣκ˵
ϷѧԼʵľǶϪô
Сֶ̧°ͣĶƤ˵ôɰȻϲң
ô˵ų׷ġ
˯ǰСϴ裬кСֶӸ
ϴʱСֶշܾãȻ:壬үү𣿡
ˮĶһ٣Ĭ˵ġ
˵һЩ⣬ܾҽԺڸҪȺҽԺǿö࣬ɹġ
𣿡
ġүүǸˣһġҲҪѧϰӺ֪𣿡
ţӺСֶվִֵС첲ָֻЦǺǵģ
ôԣӵĺܳء
ǰ죬˳ѩ
ѩСһڻˡʱ«έľҲ½һҪˣҼһеؽѣɶѵİײˡܲҪؽš
Ǻ÷˹ӦƱָصˣΪֻȥֻҪò˶࣬˰æѲ͵ҡ
ɵǵ˵ط֪귢˵Ĺվֲ㣬˲ҪԼؼҲС
Ҫϰ࣬ͻǴֲ
˱źӣȳĲˣٻһۣΡ
裬Ųˣȥֳ
÷ǽСԼ۵ϥǣܻɼʹ赽Ƿܰѳ˳ƻȥ
˷ѵʱͽةҲˡ
ةǣ˷ܹܵʣɩӣЩǲòȥɣ
ʱ䣬Ǻú죬æҲû̫ƴǣҪôҰûй˻ȥͲ鷳ˡ
ةָԶֳƱİɣˣǳȫŵ£ҺҸүƵöǲǣ磡
̧ͷᡰšһְͷˡ
ǰľٶֻĪ
Դϴݺÿμ⸱УŪΡ
ֱԽةʾл
ǰѰײһһݵϣةûԼøĲڣЦ˵ɩӣ˵ҵ˻رóԣʱܰô
ȻܰҽԷɡ
ϣллɩӣ
õƤô񣬽תͷСӾͳ۶ײ˸Ͻһؼң
ةίͰ͵ƲƲ죬ҪѰ
һͽϴܽô飬ԻҲӦõģأ˼ǲȥ
Ϊܳ˻ة׳ŵһԸͣ磬һȥɣرԻ
ʳõķˣòܻ쵽һٺóԵģ
õеСջǴӦˡ
Ųܰ׳˼ҶһЩһЩΪл
ͷ˻Ҫʽ̹֮ͭǰ̿Ǹ
ѰײȫؽѺ󣬶ǰָ˽
°㿴ԼԺ̿Ūûһһ飬еǱ
ˣ̿վ˵ŪŻ𡣡
߹ȥһֻۣü¾Ͱѻȼˡ
ллͲˡ
仰л˵һ䡰
ֻǰһ˶ѣǷǵ飬ⱲӶꡭ
Ŀԣҽһƽ͵ģһ𽲻


74 
ԶڵĻ, ůҲů
ΧڻǰǷָÿһƿˮةȾƣֻһ˺Ⱥֲ̫, ֻܽӹϰɾƺȡ
̫СԲˣΪ׼
кСǲÿ, Ҫһι, ǳԵ㣬, ǲʳ
ÿθιҲֵҶڳԻ, ֻҪιٳԡ
濴ĳͦζ
ة, ٩, , 㿴һĿڶܰ, ҲҸˡ
ͷ, , Զ²ס졣
ͦ, ةϽͷٳ, ˵ʵ, ȹٽᣬӶܹүүˡ

Ϊ˲ĳ, ƴЦûЦֽةȷ, Ըȫŷҵ, ϲ
ɨ΢, ƵسŲû˵
һбӿü
˯ǰд̨ǰǵѧϰΪҵÿˣѳϰߡ
Ƕһ¿ˮŵϣ¡
ôдĵط𣿡
˵ͷ飬ʵ˼Ƕٻϡ
ͷʾҵɵò
ΪĺãϰҪͷǵ⣬Լˣ
ϰһ飬ȷʵԡ
ǵԲˣô㣬ʵûҼ飬ôܣ첻Ҽˡ
Ӷ˶ٿĪ磬ȷû棬ĬβŽͣԲҽ첻״̬
ôˣ岻ոյСƢָĶͷŲȺ
ץ֣ѳеͷۡ
Ǳһû׷Ĳ棬ȥҩǲ̫ˣ
û£ͺá
Ųߣ˵ʵ֪ϲ
νѻ죬ֲܾɻ£òһλѻеˡ
ڶ죬ͷˡ
һ38.5ȣ糿ʼ飬֢״ð
Ϊ˲ѲȾǣż·סд
ǰǣ⼸Ҫ֣ᾡѲûġ
Һüļ̶ܹԣʹڼңҲճת
ЩӣСֶѾӦѧǰ£˲ġ
ȫʮСѣһ붼Ļ
Ϫ⼸챻̫̫ĥÿˣҲûʲô˼ȥֺСֶգ֪˰Сͷͷ
пԣʮСѶڿǰʦĿҪ
Сֶոѧã֪ܶʶһ֪⡣
ԾӷǰʱСԹ˰죬ٳûжʡ
ϪһѸȥѲÿСǷΪСֶüͷĵ߹ȥСʣôˣԾϵⲻ᣿
ѵǫصͷʾԼ֪ôд
ԷÿͰ͵ԼϪ֪ԼĻˣֻҪܰСӸ㶨ôʶ˾ָտɴ
ǻܣûʦ·ָžϵһ⣬ֻ˵д3
Сֶպܻ飬ָĵطдһġ3֡
Ϫͬķʽü𰸣Сֶڲٳü¶һõЦݡ
ʱУǰķţϪϽվֱУأ£
УûпոһĻɨһȦʣǿôĻͬѧܸܲѧϰȣ
û쳣ϪĬĬͦõģԾҲ
Ŷ𣿡Уе⣬ҲûʲôԣϾ⺢ӵĸǸͯӦҲ̫
ţҪ𣿡Ϫָ
ãˡ
УҪת뿪ʱȻСֶպ棡Ҫף
ܺȫͬѧע⡣
Уɻ:Ҫʲô
ϪҲʱӦСҪʲôϽֹǿʱ䣬£
Сֶƽʱ첻µز£ĻɤţոдԾСܵУǰһε˵УԲҸոˡ
У˼ʮ꣬һ׻׵ѧùӣչüʣôˣܸܲҽ
ʱϪȹϵϣԼΪʲôҪСף֪ǸƵĺӣǹˣ
ϧôڣҲ赲СֶǿȻġ
УϵǶʦҴ𰸣дġ

УתͷӶϪʣ˵ģ
Ϫҧ촽亹ֱðԥһ˲ϡ
УϹ˵ûС
ʦǸѾѣ
һѧһʦִһʺж˭˭١
УһãȻѧǣʵո˿ʦ߻֡
ղŶϪСֶմʱһֱڹ۲⣬ģŸѡ
һ룬ȫȴѧˢˢؾ֡
УͶϪ
Ƕʦˣ
೤׳վͦظ˵۾⣬濴ˣǶʦ߻ģû
µô֤У׺׵ľöϪȥ칫ҡ
Ϫߺ޵صһСֶգֻܸУȥ
УʦˣһƬ˵Ÿոյ¡
׳ߵСֶǰüͷʣʦƾɶֻ𰸰̫ƽˡ
СֶͷҲʺţ̫ϲҰɣôԣҪ󡣡
Ư衱˵ѵĺӲǺúӣ˻ҪڳϣԼܰƯ衱һģ
У칫ҡ
УԾˤڰ칫ϣŭΪʦôܽѧףȥѧУҪ㶪ѧҳô룿
ϪͷվһߣҷȦֻܲͣ˵Բ𡱡
˵ԲʲôãȻؼҰɣһ쵼һ£İС˸𡣡
Уܲٸһλᣬ֪ˡϪ̧ͷȫû뵽ôأΪ¶ʧȥʵ̫ˣ
У˾Ͳıˣ͵ذ˸ߣܶԷôûá
ºܿѧУͼҳȦ˺䶯ѧУסѹհѶϪȥڸɨ
֪һʱֻһãҺСֶǸĹԺӣȻ׼ᱻŮ˴ģ
ӵĸðڳ׺ˣҲؼסֻû÷Ҳðˡ
֢ͬ״ͬ38.5ȡ
żСڣ÷ҲԾȥдססķûˣס
סķ105䣬ھﷱסķ䣬˼һתҲûʹӦˡ
ȵ÷д֪һʵ촽ӲͷƤסˡ
иð֢״տʼֻǷ飬֮ɤӷʲôԲȥ
տʼΪ⣬ڶ͸ܵ˲/ɤ۵ϡƽʱԵǱԲ¡
ڻڷգҲûȥдʳóԵϡ࣬ڴϵʱ򣬿ͷűˡ
л˵


75 һ
һϾ, ÷ΪǶǡ
ŻԴȥţֻ⾹ﷱ衡
Ϊɤ۵˵۾, ˼˵£
ﷱ衾У, һ, ݺȰɣſ󡣡
˶, ÿſڶһһƿ, Сͻꡣ
÷Ӧش˸£ûٷϻýݡ
˰ѷзŵ, ִӻͳعϷŵ¯, Ȼҩ¶ٶȣ
÷Ȼһ3ֱȻһ8, ҡҡͷʾԼûҩ
ﷱ̾, ѷиǴ, ֵݸһ, Է, ҩߡ
ʮ, ÷һαչ, ӹĬĬһ࣬ζŨ̿С
дʳòôõ, ÷ʲôɻ˻ȥ
ܿ, عϵڿ, ˲ֱðﷱ衼һȺĵع, ƤϸŵиϣҾڸסﲻǽü
÷һ۵عٿȻԼɤҲͦãȻ治֪˵Щʲôã
ָ¯ϵһعҲԣﷱֻЦЦûж
һһദʮֺг
죬ﷱ衶ϡŲԽԽᣬ÷θڳһЩˡ
糿Ϊ˻һ࣬ɵ˰Ҳûܵˡ
Σ÷ȥڿ˺üھӣ֪ÿϢʱ䣬ڣһֱûгš
˺üŰ壬ûκλӦ÷ּ̲סʣͬ־𣿡
˺һʧȥĵʱ򣬷ڿˡ
ﷱ衲԰һЦ۽ǵβƽرԡ
զˣɫզôѿ
ظðˡ
÷￩һ£һԼȾġ
Բ𰡣Ҳá
ûϵ춳ˡﷱ衰ڰ֣һתýڡ
ɾֻе˴ҵģβ鲻֪ڷʲôëƤ
÷ջĿ⣬ȻھΣҩﻹжĸðҩ
ţУ㲻õġȼ˾ġ
뵽⼸춼չԼ÷Щסȥ㷹ɣûмɿڵĶ
˰ȭͷڴߣ۵׾Ц⣬ҲʳʲôС
ûоܾԼĺ⣬÷һ㣬Ͻȥ緹ȥһʳðѷˡ
дʳֻӣƽʱ򷹣йϵĴ˶ȥʳô򷹡
һ۲ƣûҵࡵͲ²ͬԵ඼ﷱġ
һС滨
뵽ɤӲ÷ûȽ̲ˣҪһõĽ˸
Ȱ緹͹ȥԼ䡣˷ģͷȴвˣ˼չôã˷Եе壿
Σֱŵеԥ
ʮͬ˷ȷʵԵú飬ĵġ
ţ֮֮ư죬ڰ÷סˣǼǮٶס죬ȸڲˣٰ뿪
Ϊ˴ٳԵһѲТӣ飬ദĻᡣ
÷֪ģֻΪڱЧңԼæҲӦõġ
һߣڸ߼ҡ
ԴӶϪȥɨڸ߼ҵķձøˡ
׵ľǸ߾̬ȡ
ڲܶ˶֪ϱͽ׳ӣ˼޸ٱˣ
ĶڱСۣø߾رˣŭֻڶϪϡ
ûС䱩ʣȴ֪䱩ľ裬˵ֻѶϪһſ
̫̫ҲûţֻҪû¾ͻ߶ĹöϪͬѹһʯƵ͸
ڼҲҹѰæɽȥѵûڵϣֻܰȫ˼ʱŮϡ
ʱ÷ɿ죬תһ¹ȥ
Сֶյҹ˼Уͻ˾ڻˣ
ܳɹֻҪúҪڼǳûġ
Ϊ˸лһʱСֶյչˣݷá
Сֶڿүү˷ܣԼ̫ǿ׳˺үүٳٶҽ
Ǽ״Сүүһر㣬ֻҪ˵ʱעͲġ
СֶڹСܵǰſ˫ۣСرס
үүҺ㡫
Ҳ㣬ˡ§סȰķ
ʱóӾ͸ǣСǰ̣ԼǮģ͸
ǷɫģͺֲɫӺܲһָģȽᱡ
ǿ£˵лл
ôʮϵظлǣӲôҸллǡ
׳лǲ˼غ֮ߣָ˵һѿ׻
СֶΧ߱ͦ˵ģүүҪؼʱСһ
үүٻȥˣһû׼ûؼס
Сӣ̫׻ؼסʲôҪ׼ġ
ѵ
Сֶͷǲʵ״ֻܰѵܵһʣҪ׼ʲôǻ㲻𣿡
İǽСǰ̼ͷߡүү֪Цû˵
翴ԲĶƤ޷Ϊʲôôԣ
үүˣ޷ӰǿŰԵġ
Ѿźܾˣ⣬ü
СֶȻҡͷʾĲźóԡ
Σֻв˺ܶԵģԹԻؼҽ㣬ȥЩȫˡ
һԻ˵ðһѺóԵˣСֶǳЭˡ
סôãߣǰѶһʰܾ룬᲻õġ
СֶҲһ᲻ˣ֮ǰһӣֱ˵ʹͷԣŲˡ
˯ǰкСǵȰȣ˰Ҳûܵȵֶո棬ȫˣǺ÷ֻһһӦȥѧУӸѧ


76 ʮʽ
, ֳžͶ֡
ȻӦǣͱ˵ڶ磬ǴѧУˣ
̴ް, ͷñرʵ, ֻһ˫۾¶, ﾡа
÷ôຢӳţҲȥˡ
ѧǰҪ꼶ĺӷѧ, ǵѧУſʱѾڲٳŶӵȴУš
÷񲻴, ȺеСֶգȺɨٳĶϪ
ǵĸ첲, ʣǶ϶ɣ˵զ˼ѧУأ
߼ҵ, Ժﾭ, ˵һ, ¶Ϫ﹤, Ϊڸ߼ܵҪѧУö, ȡᡣ
ʱ, СֶҲ, ʦѧǴУ´ѧָ, һСܱǵĻ
СһҹƯˡ
ϲͷ, Ц˵ֶչ۲ϸ£Ҳý컹ҪƯ
̿Ҳܼ, ѩŰΧס, , 硱ؽš
ͬСѿһĻ˹:ܵ𣿡
Сֶͦ°ͣģʮֽѽҵܵãԺѧǶҪǲУ
Ӧ£ʾСֶյĵܵãҲǴҵĵܵã˭۸У
Ǻ÷һǵĶԻѾɵۣ:ͣôн
뿪ѧУкСֶǺ«һǺ«ִ߽⸽ֻк򵽡
ǵںжԹĺͬڣȥǺ«
ӽأе˺ܶ࣬ĴǺ«Ȼ뵽ҲǰѽʣһҲˡ
ֻûǺ«һӰ߿ٻι
ͬ־ɰ⴮Ǻ«ܲøҰ
̧ͷ΢΢ü
ٵСࡪá
һǺ«ѣǻûôСջ֣ø
ùǺ«˵Ÿл
ƽʱѵ࣬ò׳һˣĶȻҲƤ
ʵԶǵӡܺãΪ٣û׼ǻܳΪء
뵽¡ԥһ˲ѵ֪ټˡýǸıˣȹܻ
ǾԼ˵Щ¶һĨЦǹϲ顣
㲻𣿱Ͼ㣿
úֵ֪ܲϢǺģò׵裬ֱԭˡ
Ϊ˲ֵáǵסĴǺ«ֵһ㶼ûӰ졣
ǼûôǺ«ȫĵ֡кСǲ꣬ÿֵֻһɽ髣Сֶһɽ髣Ǻ«Ǻ÷һмϳԡ
󣬺ǵ˲ſԳԡ
뵽øո˵ϢǱ¸÷˵ˡ
÷ߵãʲô۶ӣôʰ
G˭۾Ϲ
ҡҡͷʾ֪øıýģҲ̫͡
꣬үӾϹ
ΪӭүӵǴѼ²һ£Ūֲ׺һ·Χ
ûֲĵط˭ǣﷱĪ
ϦҸȻڵ϶ȹżճ÷ĸ첲ȥд̡
÷üͷȥǱקȥġ
ڼҴŶû˼ҴɢĶð
÷һۣǵС˼ڼҿͦãҳɶ
ۼҪдʱ򣬶ǺȻϡһ˵ԼҪȥ÷ȥ106˵һ̵ˡ
Σ÷ֻȥﷱ衡Դϴβ֮˵Ĺϵеÿÿ뵽Щûš
ٴαͱ㴰ֽ治֪Ǻãôһ죬д߻ơ
ǰﷱͬʱҲܸˣæýʣҵģ
ţʦڼңҿɲ͵㡣
ƾɥﷱ衲ЦݸʢУýеô
˵꣬ȥһˮ
ˮĲΪ׼ģÿܺȵһˮÿκﶼůһҲ⡣
ϱߺˮ˵ģС軨⵺ûģ֪֪ģˣµһϾ͹
ﷱָŵõɫž黨˵Ҫ͸ģһҸ͹ȥҪ裿ٰǴһ¡
ϵĻ÷ͷŻĪһţ˵Щİ㣬ûһⲻ˷Ǯô
ȥҿ⻨ƯӦûϲ
÷ƽʱϲɫ޵ĶɴҺɫģû·ҲҴ̫ڣ±˵
軨ȷʵϲ
ǡлл㣬Ǯ㡣
УһǮ
÷ǮǹĻžû˺ת
ʱִӴùŵϣǻϥԿϲ
ëƤ÷ΣָкҲů͡
û뵽ԭǸԼϥõġ
ֵزû취ӱ⡣
»ϥͷؿͬ־㵽ɶ˼
÷Ǹֱӣʱ˾ͻܲˡŲһ˵أ
ദôãﷱѾ֪Ƣקһŵǰ£ҲûԼĸ顣
Ҿչ㣬һ°뱲ӡ̣ܶ˷ѡ
㵽һˣҸĻô÷е㼱꣬ģκͷ
ĸ꣬ﷱȻЦûһ㣿ҲԸġ
ô˵÷ָͷҴƢ̫棬̫ɾ˵Ҳ޵ġҪˣ̫㶼ʮʽܸģɵʮʽҾʹӦ顣
ʮʽи˫Ƚ׶ȽŲã˭Ѷȶÿˣֱ
ﷱЦһȻԥصͷͬˡ
˵ģҪ˵
÷Ϊܾʹ˷ȴֵĸоʮʽϸ첲ȱӵ
ᣬΪȢȳҲֵˡ
ɲҪȳȵˡ
䵽ʱˣʱﷱ֤ˡ
סЦдһ־ݣ˫ӡ÷е뷴ڣѾ˵ȥˣֻǿͬ⡣
־ݣ׼δ޹ϵ
ž黨ͻϥȫﷱ͵˶Ǽҡߺ÷Ŵӻϥ￴򻨵ǮǮܾ¶̫Ծ
ǣҺ°ֻûһƲأզøƵģ
ǼûתǸ䣬ЦõʮʽͻȢˣڵȻ㴦󡣡
û˵ɶʱ˵ˣ
㿴ڽ֮ǰҪȴвͽģһ˵ʮʽѵҪһĨھͼ޹ȥ
÷룬⻰е
л˵


77 ˽һ
ļ, ÷һֱĵģﷱǱ߳ٳûжҲͲٺ˼ˡ
ʱһζ, ת۵һ졣
Ǻӵͷ˼
ǰ쵱˵үӻʱ, ʵ𾪵ˡ
˻ԹѾ, 佯֮ǰ׷˲ţھȻԸ³, ˺⡣
˵Ϊʲôүүϣˣ
ţǿӰɡ´, ΢΢
ĺˮ˼ֿԡԭǽĸ׵Ψһ֪, , пô
һֱ, ӺȻļ, ˵:, 쵽ˡ
عû˼
ܿʹ, ڽĲ, үӵϰ, ڿʱȰһЦ, ôСһ˽ҾС
ǺȻ˵ĸ첲Цˣһʱ㡣
үӺĻŭ, ЦһĬĬš
ʱ, ݵ, ˵ûʲô, Ȼȥˡ
ţллӽӹ۵һ˿޲
뽯ȥֻͣԥӺܾˡ
ֱĿһԶŷɽת뿪
ǰϦһѩѩдѩ̶ѩˣòֺ
кСǲѣͿǶѡѩѩ˵Դú۾ֺ֦죬˱ҷѡ
ô֦棬Сֶ˵ǲϰ
СǴӲҳһôҲעʱ档
úõѩ˾ӥӣкãȻҪţϲģϲģ
ѩˣҶܿģУźްѩ˵ˡ
նպͽԪҲϲѩˣΪ˱ʾϲ֮飬ն̧һѩ˱ǡ
ֻ꣬ѩ̳һˮ
סˣգգ۾ŵؿſۡһͿˣ
Ŵѩڣڶ
кСֳһ꣬ȥϦĲǣѾܷɿ챼ܣĹЦ
һ죬кü˹ꡣ
ǻСֶգ֮ǮһҺʦǡ
Ǯѻ£˱ǰԲܶࡣ⻷һȦСʶǣGأôû
⣬ʱ֪ǸԼסҪߵĳ嶯˵ġ
Ļ䣬Ժʹ˵߳ȥӭӣͼү촩ø⾫
ﷱ衣±ͦɾľ£÷֮ǰɽװ
÷ҲǣڵһƲֶص
Ǽ״ﷱߣֻûȿŵһŨŨĸҩζ
ϵЦ⣬ĵ壬ˣ
û£ֻŤһ¡
ﷱ衵ֳֵüΪȻȻģʵڲо˰ɣҪ֪һġ
ãǧ˵Ժôչ
Ϊ˱ֳԼû£ﷱ衰ֱַָֻͦƽصӡ
ִˣֻЭǰԭļƻ𣿡
ţģҲµġ
˰һӲˣһԵڲţһһ죬ò֡
Եβʱ򣬶ǺȻ΢Ц1976һ죬Ǹֵüӣ׼һĿ뼴˱һ¡ҹƻӭ
нĿ˹ʮҡ
÷ﷱվǰó̫ࡰͻһ£ͣ
ָӵ£˰ڳ̫ĵһʽƮݵĽ
һŵؿףһСټӾˡ
಻ϵĶһʽǵʮʽ
ﷱ衸Լģ˫Ƚ¶ף˵ע£Ķɵ÷ǳ׼
̲ס˲Ʊˣ
÷ɫ죬Ѿ֪Ǻã
һ׽ˣ꣬ﷱһƬУַߵǰٴӻͳһڱһ۵ҵȫҵǸӣ˼Ȣȥ֤ɣ
ʱǲŷӦոױݲǸǿģǸ÷һ˿ġ
÷һŮٿﷱ衣ֽӹչ:аɣ죬˵
õ϶𰸣ﷱЦòתҸҪʽϢͻȻо׵һʹ˲佩ﲻҶˡ
÷ķæʣôˣǲۣ
ﷱ衼ѵҡҡͷ챻ԼЦˣǣۣˡ
һ⻰ȫˣܹòУô죿ҪȥҽԺɡ
ŶԼߡˡﷱֻԼˡ
߹ȥĺü˵ȥҽԺһ£x⡣
뵽ǵǼǵӣﷱ衲ȥתһ˺أܵ÷Ҹ
۵ͷڴҵİȥҽԺ
ʱ÷ѱͻ״ŪˣعԥظϣڼҺúôӡ
ֻڼȴĬĬǧҪʲô⡣
һֱҹӺ÷ŴҽԺ
æӿӭʣô𣿡
ⲻֻŤˣܺá
ô˵ڷˣ컹ܵǼ𣿡
ᵽӣͼסǱߵЦ⣬˵ˣ±ҲҪȥǼǡ
÷߳ŭͷ˵˵ǲǼ˵㣬Ҳûã
ڶ죬ĺ
÷Ļްڶǵͬȥ˽ǼǴ
ﷱڶӵĲѵ
˫棬һЦ
ô˰Ա࿴˼ۡ
ţﷱҲգóһǹָǣﾡЦ⣬ϲǣȥɡ
ԱǣǼӿٶȣûӣѡ¸ϣ֤ˡ
÷˼ǣţٴ죬ֻϵõѳԶٷˡ
ⷽ棬ﷱûκڳǷ⡣֮ǰһֱסдѳɼңסд̫ίˡ
л˵


78 Ĺ
ﷱֻɿԱļ, ûзססдֻԼҷס
صң˾ڵӡѡĿǲӴԺƽ, ŮһЩ˴չˡ
ﷱ˻ûֻڴϾ, ÷ȫȨ
ĩ, ǻһҷԴûҵر, Ƿӵص벿ӴԺ̫ԶǷ̫ƾɡ
Ǯ°ǽһ˼ҡŶԺש߷, ߳£ӱʰøɾࡣΪҪȥϷͶӡ
Ҫһ, Ǯµ, ֪֪ס
÷ѷ⿴˸, ǳ, İ
, ͲðҾƷ, ﷱ衳, ܡ
µ, ںת, ҲʼΪСæ
ǰ¹ȥﷱ衺÷ӭǵϲ硣
ϲֻһ˵¼Ҿٰġ
, ǰĸʰ͵ġ֮ǰҵԼҸ, 浽һ᲻á
, ۸, һҪң
ŮȦ÷ҲþɣԼһ㣬ɶ۸ңֱϸ첲ȴ򲻹ҵġ
ЦȤȥ˵һ£۸ҡ
˵㵽˭
Ȼ˭ĶԣҾ˭˵
Ѿͷ
Ϊܲμϲ磬үڵ϶˰£ֻȲμߡ
˵÷൱İŮҲսѿŮˡ
ﷱŮǺġ˺вŻڴ󻷾²꣬ǸƢº͵ĺˣǽܹúܺá
Ϊĳﷱ衵̸ﷱҲǰ֣سŵһ÷ãүӳ׷ġ
£ů⡣
·ԺˣƱյһƬϲ
Ϊɹ٣÷ﷱ衵һֱҸЦݡ
ǿǣԵøˣǹʧҲڣ׸ĸŮǸʲôĸоˡ
ʱһָֻСϣ̧ȥ
ԣҲױ˴˵⡣ʮָۣʧбο
Ǵ·صң÷סķ䣬ǵһͣӦû÷̸Խܡ
һֱÿϣӶǸһ˯ѲڣСǱ޵رģޣҲſޡ
һʱ֮ﾡǺ˱˷Ŀ
ֻóɺǡÿһͣˡ
յǸϽǽͣԺѺү¼סְֻסʱᱧű˯Ŵϻ˯ð
Сҧű̧ͷĽëϻžӨҲᱧ˯
˼:㱧ҲӦõһ㶼ϡ档
ĬĬֻӡҺӺܸһһĽͣǿֶոʶˣ벻ѧ֣
ˢˢصͷ
Ǻϣ˵Ժְ˯ǰһ֣˭ѧã豧˯ѧòþֻܺͰְһ˯𣿡
һ㶼İְ֣Ǹϲ衣СҲкʤġ
Ѳ£Ҫѧϰ֣ȡ豧˯
һСʱȥڳ˯ȥ
һ޿̫ˣӸǵ˯ˣ£§
ٴһЩͺˡ
صͷֻǿ쳤
Ƶĵƹ£һͱֹˡ
С˵ǻأ
ȥһ䡣ĶԲġ
УһҲô죿̧ĴûٸҵĻᡣ
ֻջض΢΢̾ȥһˮ衣
Ǽ⸱У̲ס͵Ц
˰죬ȰѺ͵÷ȥϰࡣ
ﷱҲϲӵˣÿ˷һʣǻ㡣
СѾɴ㣬̻ø档÷ߣһ߷첹·һЦǺǵؿǻ
ʱڼԺĸ߼ҡ
ϪǿһֱȻʼŪʪĺӡ
ΧȦת̲סô˶סһҿҷּʱȻˮˣ
ĸҲŮô˵Ͳˣ²˴߾ȥ򶹸ûڰϴ·㿴˭ˣֻ㣬Կڷĥĥ󣬵Ҳû꣬ӵ˲զģ
Ϫúһ͸ίˣ۾Ϳʼɻò׳Կڷ˵ĥߴ
Ҳиʱɣ
ӻøˬ·㱧źͷҲص뿪˼š
ƾĸôкûãȸ̺͸߾֪ʱûӰˡ
ӱոһţڻЩδϪֻܴȥҽԺһ¡
ӦôҺţȥһȫ
ǹ˸콯Ҵţڽ
ˣֱҪЦˣ£
ϪԸоԷĮҶ룬ѡˣųҺӸոյˮˣܴȥҽԺ𣿡
߾أ
ȥû
ŮͯҲûֱӾܾûգһҽԺ绰ڹȥɡ
ǣлл㡣Ϫûٵʱ䣬лת뿪ȵҽԺᵽ֣ԱӦùһƣȥҺš
öϪɵһһҪҺţ
Աһۣ̫զģ׳ҲȹҺš
ίر죬ӶͳëǮȥ˹ҺŴ
Ⱥһġ
ʱ·ϪϽź׷˹ȥ
÷һ£
תü
û˵ԹԵʣ˵÷̽ˣ𣿡
š
𰸣ϪĲζֻǵźͺأ÷ô˵˾ͼˣ
ôˣҲӶˣ
ôֽ֪£ԼҪɣ
뵽һ£ֻޱۡ
һȥգ֮ѵĩ
Ϊ÷ﷱ衹϶磬ÿĩǶԼޣлǼ֣޻Ǻܺôġ
ɳ̲ɳӣһС졣
ɳ̲һߣĹĿ
ǽдҪʲô磿µľ¡
ǶЩȤҲûȥ֡
ʱ֪˭һ١΢΢ü֮ǰ˵ٻڽصѾˣ
Ҳֻһ˲ûתͷȫ·
վڲԶҲܹ裬ѵͣϢʱֺ˹ȥ
̧ͷ۵׻һĨζ
ŵвҲԭû˵һ仰ٵϢʱޣֻȿڣһ಻ˡ
ǵı˵֣Ǿزƫ֡ŶԷģЦػصȷʵûݣӪӡ
̣ΪֹûӮ
ӡ÷޹⣬ǲǻ˰
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79 
ǶǵһЦ, Է۵ȴһĨң˵˵ʲôҲûɻ£
ôŷϷִ˵ɡ
һɤͰע⡣ѾǸСӣͷٻߡܵǰ, ۾ʣ㺰ɶٶС̺һԣ
Ȼƫرǿ, 촽, Ծؼ۸˻ˣ
ǴӰðͷ, ѵģǵȻ
˫Ҫŵʱ, ĹŵҲΧ˹
ڲӴԺ˺ܶ˶֪˭ֻٸմӾл͸˼ҳ, һ˷˼
Ĺ쵼Ҳ, ߵ֮:ô£
Ů, ǲųġɫ, ȫ쵼ʡ
Ǽ״, ӿ϶ŮӦü޵ò, ԲŸ޿֡
, ҿû, Ļ, ֻ˵̫ˣȻظһո˵ʲô
ǰ˵˵, ˵ʲôˣ
ԣ˵
, ٲûظЩ, Ǻݺݵ˶һ, װܴ󷽵ӣˣһʶ
ֲĻöǺǷУЦЦʣ˰ˣ費ҪҸҿһ£
ɫһף˲û档
ǰͲ˶֪ϲӣѾˣҼﻹҪɷǱߵķ֡
ú֪ԼӵЩ£
Ҳ˵ʲôҪȥѵˡ˵꣬Ŀ뿪һȺͷʺŵͬǡ
ֻ֪飬ΪһϸС࣬Ծߵǰŭ⣬Ųһʶ֪ɷ˭µĺųȰ˵СĺųУû꣡
סЦݣֱݽ˵УҶˡȥολų˰ɡ
һ־һɢ˶߹ˣʰ֪ųʲô𣿡
Դִ߽շƷͳ˼Ժİͨʮػش𣺡Ȼ֪ˣҪҰҲŸ㡣
֪ߵغĳСӣһ˵ˣӽ쿪ʼ㶼ҼĽӡ
˼תúܿ죬ϽϴС̣ոˣھ͸㣬𣿡
ǺʶʱǾٸһλᣬߣǻؼ˵˳ĵӡ
һ¶ʰСӣųɶֻؼˡ
÷û˲ϺͷһǱѿճĵطһܣиʶ顣
ӽ£ڿһ߿Ĺһðհԡ
ٵɷкģʮ꣬ǰʱطĶųͽǾϵסУҲǴԺӵܡ
Ǵ໹ǼȽѷɫܶࡣ
ѼİϢޣֻ֪ôˡ
ʱھҽԺ
ڰ칫ǰҲ뺫ˡ
ǸУͬһϷֻǴкĹϵûκν
ӦһֱϷŶԣô«έһٽ飿
ָ棬˳˼
ϻصң޶ȰιҪѧϰ֪ʶǵһжȫȨһ˯ǰٽʶ֣ȫ˯ˣʱԼ¡
ǰĸһůĲӣЦ̣¸ĩôǹ磿
üëһ˲һɨա
סʣô
Ҫ㰲ѽôС
֮ʣǹɿƿͽվԭĳȡ
һܺѰϻһȦһȦֻܿ㵽ĩԼݶˡ
ּ尾£ڵĩһ졣
֮ȲذǴ͵ĸңȻ֣ͬһгȥͷ
µӰӳǿӰȥδٻ¥
ϾҪˣǸЬ÷һƿѩ࣬ﷱһֱ֧ʡһƤ
ٻٳ극ص«έǰ
뵽ʱθĸӦڳԷʺȥӺӣǾȻؼҡ
ȵ˼ңǰжŵϣȹϱȻʣ㿴Ư𣿡
ȹɫģ°ںܴתһȦ绨һĿʽ
ĬĬᣬ˵ôԲܿЧ
ǾҲԣȹЦȥݣŰ·֮Чô
谵ķȹ֪ͻУҸ¾һֱӱˣСëܲãȻ鲻ˬ
뵽ӻſȹЧסһ߸첲ţûЦģ
ôˣվ⣬Ŀ
Ǻ˼ȫƵȹϣһ˲ؾ첲㿴Ҳְ
ķɫɰףĨ֣ټȹᱡ̲סһ뻳Ĵ
΢΢һۡ
һз˳Ȼǰϵҧ꣬ˮޱȡ
ɫȹ󺣵ĲˣĿѣԡ
ʱڽ֡Ǹ뿪ڣͱס˴
ԣ˵ϺԸС
ǵͷֻġ
磬̫ս䣬˯ѹû˵Ӱϵ緹ֽȥҲܲµдʲô
Сֹһ䣬
һϵĿҪԷ⴫һ
СǣڲڼҰ
¿ӣôȥš
ˣЦǺǵ˵ûڼҰҺ˰ҲûӦ
һλӿԺǺšһԷĿ⣬ŶѵȥҳԷˡ£
Ǳ˸ӣҼ˶ᣬ㰮ᣬ͸ˡ
ǽӹһӣýݡ
ϵķˣЦϣ緹Եù簡ˣզûϰأ
һһ⣬ҵͷԷ鲻ѣǸϽתƻӣǲǻб£
ֻ¶һϻοЦ˵:ģܶͬ࿴ˣæۡ
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80 
Ļ, ĵ¡ôҪ񽻸ûɶİ࿴
ԥæʱֻҪԱžУۼҲûɶҪ, ֻҪԷǸӵģûдëͿԡ
֮ǰŪ, ֻҪԷǸʵ, ν
Ҫ󲻸ߣǿҲܰ, ǴӦԷ
˰Ӵӻˡ
һҹû, ˷ܵ쿪ֱˡ
裬㡫
, 
Ƕ, ÿһ, Ҳǣ
վһ, üЦ, ֱˡ
ʲôأȥѽ̧, ĵ׻
֪, תȥ˳
, Ǹ޷ֱǸ, ڷϽȥ
վ̨ǰڳˣʵĺ󱳿аȫС
վ:ȥ, ûΪʲôûȥӺӣ
ͽŲӰ, û, Ƕǹ, ġ
˶ȥˣץסֱۣöͷײļ򣬡ⶼ㡫¶ܻˡ
Цͷķȷң´һעġ
ٱһ棬ӣûٱ
ʱһε졣
ΪǣǺ֪֮Ŵ綼ܵ͵
׵صý˽ңŮǽзɽˣڽͳܵһãϴ
߽ңһ۾ͿڿرߵĹʮʵӣܴҲƯ
ǹĿ⣬¶ɻû˵
ǸվűһҲ֪˼ҹǱ߶ۡ
״úĸ첲ʾе
ý˽Ӹ˫һ򵥵ĽܣŮĸ׶˸ǳ⡣
ǹ͵͵ҲС糺죬һϷ
׳Ů˫ҪۣߵļͥҲҪʵף⽫ٳ¡
ŮȥһȦ˫
ΪأŮתһǱģԿŸΨһҪ:ŮĹҪøܵܣܴȥżҡ
Ҳ˵Ůйʵ֮ûġ
һ£漴ӣ˼:ܵʱҲûô˵
ҸûĹ
Ҳͦ⣬Ůĸף͸Ų⣬ҿɲô˵ģզʱأ
Ůĸ׺Ȧ̾˵Ů࣬ǼϴСͶ£֮ǰҲ˵һ£ҼСŮסۣҪ£Ǹƫ۵ģ˳֮󣬸Ů͸˳Ƶģףָѹøܵǣ͸ˣͬˡǾòɣ¾˰ɡ
̲סϵĹӿ˼
Ī£
ٽ̫ˣ
òǸ߰ɣ
ϱӼ޵úãػһҪ˼ԭ䣿ǲ֪׶ݵĽɫԭŮŮ
ŮôңԥˣԾؿǣиĹǰæ⡣
յվԲܲܳɣҪǿͬͬ⣬ôĶûá
ҲŸ͵԰ȿӵͷɣԼɡ
ǸʵˣǺý˶ô˵Ҳͬˡ
СʱŮˡ
ý˰һߣѯ
뵽ԷҲϲǵ£Լͦйͬԣûʱģͷʾͬ⡣
Ӧˣ˵ͬʱⵣģǹѹܵܣһӳûɶˣҲͬ⣿
ţͬ⡣ÿ¹ʰʮ飬ȫû⡣ͬˣҲûʲô
Ů˶
Ϊ˸лǵİæŪһ͸
ִԲԶ˵̼θ˼Ǻ󣬶ǾӸɡ
һЩʵ׼÷ȥȫϴȥˣõгɼ꣬İơ
ͷǸöҿ÷ûȻֻۡ
һһ޺ٰڷŵ̫±ɹ죬ȫ˷ӣȻɹͿˡ
ɹõӸǴȻģûκӼǷǳüӳԡ
СֶӸɣճԽǰһһһͣĽࡣ
Զ˵ܵóԲæֹԼˣǻûأ
СֶչԹջ֣Сдδ
ʳ̫ȤûųԡԺһߣèһֶʮֿ
Ȼ뵽ʲôɫóأС̣ʱñýԪȥ档
̧ͷһɻ󣬡ôˣ
ǵŰèѾкüֻŪȳȡⶼʲô˰񲡣
ΪɺޣֻǿСĶԼ̬ǽüͷϢץû֪˭ɵ𣿡
ʱ֪ⶼЩûèƽʱڴҵ߷Χڣû˻ġģǸ񲡣һ
ҵǧ嶯ǿǻ۶ȭͷͷŰﲻ˲ŷ˴һٻиõĽʽ
˹ԹԵͷٴǧҪýԪȥ
ӣͻһշƷһѰ˿˾˼һһϢ鲻ˡ
ڼ䣬Ĺű˸磬Ϊ裬һʱ֮ޡ
ǶЩȤûȥæŸǮδı׼
·̫֮ͨ˼ȥһױ졣޻Ͳ϶ģΪĳϣ춼ַġкŮﶼʺϡ
Ǯ³ĳһ죬ͻȻˮġΪھҽԺӣڱ˸´ʱͰᵽ˵ϡ
ϢϽȥҽԺ
ʱڲƼƼǮ˵ţҸղſڲָֻ뺢ӳԶء
Զǰӵڼң¿ҽֲڣǮ¾½Ǹ޷侲ֻоˮ±ûˮΣա
裬ڶ᲻ᴭ
ΪĸҽƼЦˣû̥̣̫ġ
ֽǵ£Ǻҽȫϵˡ
ҽǮ¿󣬵óĽҲ:ָֻ硣
ѡؼңҲҽԺ۲졣
ǮºԥѡԺ۲죬ˣͬĹǣ˲ʣˣҶˣ
޳ǸϽ߹ȥοջȥȻıΪ㲻ӭء
һ⻰ǮĻҿޣæͷˮգòװᵹȥˣȦǺġ
㿴ûޣ谮㡫
˶ڿһٶùЦ
ΪõĹۣǺԾģһֱߡһѯһ˲ûӱ뿪ˡ
絽ҹٵ¶ףǮ߽ҡ
ٽȥ֮ǰȻץסǵ֣ҽһ֮룬ҽȥ
£ҽԺҲйĸǮֲҽܾǮ˵һºӱ˻ˣȥɡ
ϴζ¼Ǹĳ裬仰ģҽǣͬ
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81 ðְ
ʮӺ, ǮڲϽŵòУס֣Ҫ¡
Ǯܵ, ӻʿҪʼʱһȥ, ſ, йƤ̱ڴϡ
ϲ, ǸŮ
ٽǰǮҪ, ǶǴӻʿӹӣһ̶ûи
, ɱǸճʱضˡ
Ӳ, ǰѺӽƼ, ֱǮ³˯ȥ뿪
һҹ㻤, ڼΪƣ, ֱ¥ȥӵİ칫, ȥһ
, ӳһ龫ݸ, Ǯˣ
, ǸɵСްӹӺһڣʱ泩
ӹϰ칫ҵţſڰ칫˯һ, ȻóһΪȷ硣
µȣźһ㶼ûȡ
йŮһ, ǸƷ, ԴŰ״ӵеǷǡ
ۼ, Сȴ˿ʼΪ
ȷĶһ٣̲סƺһĿ˲糺죬㣬
ǹһĨЦѵ㲻ϲ𣿡
ҽԺ㡣
ɶǲΪͻȻץסС֣۽΢΢졣
ëۣܷܲŹң
ˣɿΪԼ⣬ѣʶġ
ʽӺ˵:лл㣡
̫ˣǺܿ˯ˡΪȷ磬Ŀġüۣô
ڶ죬ͬǮ³ԺӰæ˳Ժ
ƼǸмҿǣȻԶҲܰġ
ʦĸҶѲôһܣôҪӣǮµĸĸôû
ǿɻǮ¾øˣҰȥڻûء
׻˵ҼбľλøǮǱ
ĸѾֲϽûĸŮԸ޸ԽԽǳǮ°ˡ
֪һЩø£˲Ȼ
ʦĸһæǮڼ䣬ʱæʱҲкСǴš
СӤ棬Сǣÿſڿر߶һʱ˵裬ޡ
ֻãޡ
лСָһӤСֻ֣˯Ȥˣûһֻһ˯߿ˡ
ִ˲ˡ
ע⵽ΪʱֹŹԹԱСһСӤ
ʵˣջĿһŰõˮ󵰵ݸǮ£𣿡
Ǯûûεسż˵ܱģģСһֱأͽбˡ
ֲӤС֣ϲòˡ
ԱϲǮ̲סȤôҪһ̥
ǻһֵ񣬻شúܾ˰ɣ޾ѾˣҪˣ
Ǯ¿⸱ģɵЦ
ֱǲŴܼҳִȥҡ
Ǹӣ˼ȹӣȥȡ
Ͷ˼ҵԺӲͬҵԺﲻֹ߲ʻǻвҩ
ǲòֵ֪ʶ̫㷺÷ԺĶȤֻԱ߿ִ롣
ԺŵʱѼ£ﷱ÷٣ɴ
ͷظ߶ǣүϹ԰ء
סЦ⻰˭ѧģûûС
ͷô˵
СԹϣѿ˵㲻ô˵ǲү֪𣿡
һ֪⣬ҲŪ˵үϹ԰ڡ
ˣ÷쵽Ѽ£ﷱȥϣȻ˵Էɣ֪㰮з˺ܶзҲǻԺѡ
Ȼסд춼췹ԣ̺˾ദرá
һзԣǰһҰ֮ǰһƻһзζˣ
ǲè÷صһۣУûúȣء
˵ֻãһȫֱ֣ܺǺϼӺã
ʱﷱ衶ϴСڵѲŸǳԣǼ״˲ʺƨ֣Ҹ˵ôôأҵӸѧѧС
ﷱ衱Цݣתָȥˡ
ıӰǲ̾:иİְã
ںϣһʢĽ˲ࡣԭ飬˵Ĺϵãֻ飬ǰ·ݡ
Ǽ˵Ҳȴһ׮Ĳ
ϲڲʳþٰģΪԵԺĺܶھӶˣǺ÷ҲС
Դӽ÷Ժҿشк״̬Ҳܿһرá
Ǹ£㳯˹
Сǣҳһ¡
Էһأɻȥ棬ôˣ
һԣ¶ȥɣﱻڼˣ
ӪأΪʲô°
̾ľ˵һ顣
ȥһлúõģٳŵʱȴͻȻˣͰ˰ٿǮ񲻿ɡ
˰ٿǮǸСĿǸֱƢȻԸв˫ô˭á
Ӷʳд˻֪˾ס£ֻҶǰæ
˼һ˲ȥʲô
ҲסڵϣѼһշޣʱſվ˺üˣॵ˰ſڶµģֻվһŭǾ˲ܺϰն֡
Ǹϵʱһ߿һ壬Ÿݡ
㻹׵Ѿѹøˣô
ȻĿ߶Էȫȥϣ۾ﾡƣҲܰ㳤ܵܽҪȢӣ˵˵˰ٿϴȻҲҪҪ󲻹֡
ﱻðȴı״Խ߹ȥʣǽңǼҿͷ鲻͸Ͻߣ˼ſһ
һȫסˣǲ֪˭û˸
»ˣæǽ͵׼ȰȰҼͷӣ𣿡
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82 ׻
ո︸׵Ļ, ȫˡһֱȵľһۡ
Ǽְͥӵзû׼ҧҧͳ˰ٿǮ£Ůܲܡû, ҲģҸлȱݵ
ļͥ, ѹӳ
ǿԼʵߵķ, ǲһ¡
գɫʵҸոʹӪ, ˵ٻ˰ٿǮڻԸ𣿡
, ƴͷԸ޸Ĵȥˡ
ʱ, Ҳܾ, Ĵ, ֲıв, ҵĴ, òôǮ
ҧ, Щ, յĵܵ°ʹµ˭£
ûı, ǵͷֱ, ϲ翪ʼаСʱҪսپС
̧ͷװһȻ, ǰ˫̸õȻûа׵׺дý˶, ֤תһ, ͬǽ, ӪҲѾѽ鱨ȥˣ˵ӪѾǷ޹ϵ˭˶ΪǼ飬Ƿ֪𣿡
ɶ飿ɶϯŪһãȻʶؿСŮԷҲ±״̬͸ˡ
ӪǾˣĻܹұģڵΪǷ
ʵҲ㲻㷸϶Էһ֪ͿϹơ
Է汻סˣϾʲôļƷΡ
ֻĬһ˲εǿһĨЦ⣬ҲǷҪǰ˰ٿǮҲյױٴȥĸĿӦװɣ
Է̬һٰʮȴת䣬ɵۣ˵ףȴֿյûȥ
˿ǵĿгм
ʵǸոҲĵģ¶Էϵ˿ǿŵܷˣʱ쵽ˣұڵʱ䣬߰ɡ
һߣڲʳá
ڲǰĵۼʱ쵽ȴûӰﲻЩż
ʱһˣ
ǳôҵעһϣĻص
÷һۣСʣˣ
ţסˡ
ºһǷŽϲǻͦ
Ϊ˸лİûңһлǼҡ
лг˸龫кüͰƣǽͳġ
Ӵˣǹ˽ɵӡ
żôུͣôҲӦûӻһѡĩһ죬ѣ׼һٷʢġ
СֶǸԻ˾ʣС̣ҪʲôóԵѽ
ǿԲģ̲סŪ˵Ҫʣķ˳ֶġ
˵ֶ⣬Сֶպܾᣬͷе˵ʵĻ
ʵ̫ˣ
ҿٳһ㣬ֻһﲻ֡
Ǳ۶ùЦûЭǲУҪΪظ𣬽ԻƹϺͿˡ
˳ԻƹϣСֶձһҪ޵ļƣֲҿޣ¡Ư衱˵ԣײԡ
ίͰ͵ӣڲٶȥܵһ档
ϳʲôʱܡ
һߣͰһͷӶڵŰ£ԭ֮ǰû˷һֻСèȳȡ
èˣǸץס鿴
¸ô죿ŪСǵߣһݡ
߷ŵһߣȻǷ¶һĨ˼ʱֻãҲ¶ԷӦòǶ֮ˡ
Ҳͬһ㣬ôҳһ̫ѡ
ʱ顱һ죬˵Ĺע
תͷȥֻﷱ衱ĵı׻ˣ
һ¯ӱ׻ˡ
÷ø߹ȥЦǺǵضԶ˵Ҳִ֪Ūһıû뵽޺ˡ
˵ţֳ庢ǺҿԱ׻ˣ
׻Сʳ֮һŨŨƮɢڿУ˲
ǸźǴչȥҲԣȴ÷غߣô˻죬Ӷ˰ȸǷ꣬ٸ㡣
ֻվһԱʾԼίҲǸոնʮͷĺӡ
СǹԵòУԣóԼֵı׻ǵţкͰ״Ҳˣ̫Сֵر٣ܴ󷽡
СֶշֵñǶһЩƽʱʳѵСҵİɣҲ̫ϲԡ
Ƕôԣֻϻο۽ǿ÷ѵдϡ
˼:㿴㲻ҳԣô̸ң
÷һǰۣ׻Ǹ˲٣ǵı׻ȫԹˡ
ϣʳڳڴǰ
ںʳѧġ±ζͺʴ󿧡
±ζмɺ͸ּ⣬Ƴ±ˮرζ
ʴкзϺӡӵȵһЩʣҲҪ֭ݵġ
˶Ҫܶ˽ǣҶ֮ҩĵζЩﶼС
һҲ֪ζΣǰģӦò
ҿϵʳǴСֶ̧ͷѯ:ڿԳ𣿡
ǵͷȻҿԿ
ĺʴ󿧣֭ر㣬ƽʱ̫ԺʵϲʦһӷУҲͣˣ߳Ի߿޶ǵպã
ƽʱ̰ԵĻȴ±ζˣǼһ麣ּһ鼦⣬ϲ
ֻһ뷹뻹δ
СǣնϹӪĴʦˣ
ţ촬ϰ࣬ʵˡ
ǫذڰ֣ʾԼֻôࡣ
ǸԻûż¶һҲֻһʱⱲעͳʦеԵ
ڳԵ̫ˣ󣬶ǣ̵֣ӵͬȥɢ
ҹĴһ羰ĺһ׶˵ķɣһƬ
̵˺ߺֵҰɿǵ־ǰܣ֪ȻҲΣգֻɳ̲
ǣס֣źߵķ羰Կ޵Ĳ˺ܺóԡ
ѾԿ϶ǰӺеǲͬģΪʲô
ôı䣬Ȼϲ
ǻֱ̧ۣͷʵոڷôûңڲ˵ڡ
ͣ½ŲָıǼ۵׾ǳ磬̫Բסû˵
ʱͻȻܻקקӵ½ǣһ־壬ְ֣Ǳߣú¡
СѾŵõᣬһſŻ䣬ۡ
Ǻӷֱ̱壺ԣ¡Ǳʲô
вȥͷӵľѣָԶ֡
޶˶һָۣķȥ
ƬƽʱûʲôᾭûһЩСϿ˵ġ
ǽסСǣоԼ߽˿ֲƬһ
û̧ͷǸˣɫǱߡ
ɫҰΧţÿ߶ŻԺҲˣء


83 
ڻɵɫ, ڿе
һֻѪģİɫèѾһϢС˵ܴܵҲѹǻŵܻ
Ҳʱֻè, ĶӺܴӦֻè衣
˭ôȱ£Ҳ
뿴, ֻèȴʮ־, ȴûж
Ӱзŵһߣ³, ֻʣһģȻ·è뻳С
ǻȥһ, ܻܲ
ţáǵʮֳ, ⲻֻһè, ҲĶﻹè, è, ЩèҲͻˡ
ʱè, кСǵĵű, , èôˣ
Ӳè, Ѫģ״̬¸ǿʲôĽ͵è, ͽԪһˣְֻ, ǲҪ¡
ƶǶҲ֪ǹ, ֻԪһɰè
ص, Ӱèݷŵ, ҳҽҩõ˿ڡ
е˿Ѿ¶⣬ŴĿġèûֻʵƾҩ
Ψһҽȥũѧˣֻơ
ôо𣿡ǵšüĲѡ
ʱ֪˿ͦ໹ͦֺء
أû£Űܲɵģ
ϸһµĹͷҺй
һǸŰè˸ɵģǷ߷߲ƽսȭͷǸ˭ΪЩè䱨
һǻץġһȻȫעΪèȳҲľ˹̶
ǰʱ䣬ǸԪһèӣóҳùСèȻȥ
ʱûõģʡ
ӰèСطŽУͷüᣬΪ˶ĺҲҪǿ֪𣿡
èĻءءһȻſ΢΢ۡ
¿ˮϳԵúܱһ㶼Բˡ
裬ǸҺȵ𣿡
Ϊȣ͵ŶǸոֻСè׼ģҪӪٸ𣿡
գգ۾⡱ܻݣûһ˻ﻹһ̷۹ӣ̷۹˵:裬ȡ
ǲüȫû뵽ԼҶӻǸůС
ԶӣèֻȲ̷ۣȻǣɡ
ô˵Դʧ̷ֻ۹ڵˡ
ǶèǰһԻڹ۲è
ŽèèֻǶûȵ˼
ǶԱеżûȣòҸܳ
ãָһЩԼȵġ
ƶĻ
Ǹְɣû׼Ժܽƽ
ӱʾͬ⣬һ뵽ëӵ֣ʵҲܺǰġ
ǼôֻԼ롣ҵëӶǡֿͷֻèҲҪ𡱿ͷУ˼뵽һ֣ǹнհɣ
ŮգԺ˭۸
ӲΪʲôҪ֣ӵľء
ֻ˵ĴɫĸèԼ֡ա
һҹ˭û˯þÿһСʱһ״̬Һ֮ʣ̧ͷ˼ŷŵһġ
Ϊ컹Ҫϰֻ࣬ĸ׹æտա÷ﷱ衿èʱҲһߡ
ĸɱǧĸɵ£ȱ´ð̵ģ
ﷱ衿һ۽յ˿ڣüͷȫƽʱĵš
뵽һֻеèľ壬ôһ׵ĲԱá
÷Ա߿ϡ棬ͷèӶԼҸطˣôǵһμ
ﷱ衳һЦ͵ôˣӿ϶ףҪС
ң᣿
һ治ʱֻܿˡ
ʱڰ칫Ӵ硣
ϣ˼ֽʱһЩϸڡ
ȥƬɳ̲ڲӴԺ棬ǲܽġҲ˵Űè֮һڲǵϵ
ôǴʲôʱʼŰè¼ģҪʱʰ
һڵϸιյתҶҲ֮ǰһȦ
֪ǲ˺ԼҲòôˡ
˼һǣԪʱӱ߻ƣղԸƤſһţն涼ȥˡ
ʱ̬ºͣôԴʹ
аǲЩڰˣȻܸȢϱ
ŶǼһֻŰèĩһ죬ͻ綼ˡ
֮ǰֻ˵ѣû˵è񿴵ǸᵽŰè֮жôɶ
֮ǰûǣӽһʱҪӡ
Ǽ״ϽˣԶ̥
֪һֻеĸèøˣŰè̫ˣè趼µȥ֡
ҲСʱʱĽաʱС߹һСɣ˵:磬ι
ͷԭɫ˲٣Ǹյģ
Сǵͷ־ҪǱߡʱ߹Сǲݸɣɹתע
״塱
Ѽ£Űè¼
µҪǰʱ䣬ȥһ˼ÿʼ˵
ƷɨֵĻˣʱܼһЩȻͻ磬Բá
һɨʱһֻСèѪڽֱߣȥһèѾˣʱûͰèӽ
ûãڽϿһֻͬС̣￪ʼֹǱ¶Χ˵ˣоͰ
ȥĵطʱҲᵽ¼ͬĵطͬʱ䣬йעû˻֪ʮֻСܵȺ
ҲԹȥϣץŰˣô˿ڣһѡ
Ӵ˼ƬʣⲿӴԺǾҵ𣿡
ڲӴԺӾȳǴûпܾߡ
л˵


84 
˵ϲšˡ֡
ǷԼ², ͻǳţŰè
Ǹô죿˵ԺԺкüٻ˼ҡ
ӻ˵Щ, ǿѧƽʱշƷе, ܺͺܶ˴򽻵, õСϢҲࡣ
ȴһ£Ժûʲô鷢, ȥ
֣صصͷʹе뿪ˡ
, Ҹ˾ְ뾡Űèҳ
һ˼һ, ûһϢ
ǲ:Ժס, һ֪ҼһֻŰè, , ųٳٲж
Ľ, Ǯµıӭ硣
ǰ, ԶһμŮ, ˸жʹ, ˱ǮЦ˺ü졣
ڵϵĹӪٰ, һ׺ѣЩѾռһ
Ǯ¸ĸҲˣŻֲø, ǮùǺ
뵽׵ֻȰ, ֻν, Լ, ಻㰡ԡ۲һʶ
˰ٿ飿Ǿе졭
ɲͰ˰ٿ飡˭ȢϱûôǮǷİǮ¹ӣð
ˣҸǮͿɾ˭Ҳͣ
ŮǲҶ̽
G԰ô֪
ӦҸϱá
ϵԵֻԭǮǸóøŮҪĶ
ˣ֪Ů˵Ʒô𣿡
ǰ췢һ飬жϡ
Ǯ곹ŭˣһȥѸĸĴȫҪȻ챻ƭ˻ð˼Ǯ
ӪһӣһҲ͡
ɲɣп٣Ҳע⵽Ůһ̬ĿЩ㲢ǰơ
˲Ҳ˵ԸֻҪԷҲǡ
Ϊ˫κνʱߵȴ
˺ݣ߲̫ߣȴϬһֺܲĸоǲӦٵɷ
ǰվȻЦ˵þòҽ
̧ͷ߻һ䡰ţþò
Щ˾Ȼʶ
ӵĵĮԵе飬ʱ겻㣬ҲһԵ֡˵ţתͷǣλɩӰɣҽкġ
Ц޺͸ոǸϬģȫͬǶûøУ΢΢˵˾䡰áǴкˡ
ʱҲܾɷʶӣʶָͷû˵
ֺӺѼ󣬱뿪ˣһпƽ·ͨѵĺѡ
ߺ󣬶ǺӣôʶҲǾԺס
ǣҺԭһϡֻ벻ͨǰû˼ԼΪʲôô飿
벻ͨҲûپᡣ
ҹǶ˯ʱֻͻȻһءʵһ
ǴоѣԺ´Ҫ鿴ʲô
ֻһţͷŴûèΪæ⡱ܻؿرߣĴӵ㿴ôˣ
Ӹ˯ã˯ߵʱϱĺ˲ѣ˯ۣЩãôˣ
ܴǲˣʾ
ӿٴӿȥСһͷһ壬ϽҪˣůƿˮ𣿡
Ȼ׼ûϵôǲŽˣȥûУ
ʱĽտʼæó׼õ׼Ϊ
Ƶķ˶ڸæµΪһС׼
ڽյ廹δȬÿһιʮʹ࣬Ϊĸգֻ۵ʱꡣ
ǶȺõͷԱߣСΪȵ㶫һҪͰ
˼ſͷڴں
ʱһһȥûҪļѲƴ˳ļԴﵽ˳Ч
Ա߿ţò˵ҽҲģ
˹һЧٴιʱһƴèˣ
ʪСһһĤöǲҲֻ֣ܿһ
˺ȥ̥Ĥֽȥè̿ڱϵˮʱèŽ˵ڱûǺˮǽġ
ÿһȻ
öǴ򿪵ƿǣ޻մҩˮè̵ĶƤٰŽյĻèеĵһ̡
֪Լĺӣ§ëаҲܰöǸʹŰèˡ
ÿСʱҶһֻСè̳һֻĸԴè軳ﹰԵúܼ
ڴΪѾʱһι˵ֻ
ǰֻͬӰڱǺè̲ûнУϢʮ΢
è첻è̫ˡ
ô죿ܰȻ𣿡
ܣģҶˮ
һֱǶһҲ⣬ͷӦ£æȥˮȻʱ㿴סèͷӣèͷ£˦ˮ
ȷʽڳƵͬʱæˮ˹ȥ
Ƕڱǵˮ˦ˣèڷ΢Ľè̵ºܵͣèȡůȵˮʪ壬ģҲ˻
ǶһԿţ۵׾ϲûˣ
ϲȾ𴽽ǵͷӦûˡ
˵ţè̲˲軳УȻƣüģ˿
⣬ɫѾ
è軳̣Ǻ̬䡣ֹ۲һСʱˣŸȥæ¡
ͻȻֻ̣ɰкСǸֻˡ
Ƕӱд˾档̣ȴС֣˵
ͷһЦû
ǶǱڻָèʣСѣ벻ְ
ǰһȤоæҪ֣
ãȸˣһֺòã
áȸ磡
һӶСֻöѹɽᣬè̳ѺǼСÿһֻСǸôޡ
ǽӵ֪ͨʱһ˷ܡ˭ܿè̵ȿɰأ
л˵


85 
èһ֮, ﾡǶĺϲá
Сֶ˫۾뿴, ѡһԼһܳԵè̡
ʵճСè̶ò࣬ССһֻ, þһԵ, ֵԸΪѡ׼˵ǹƽ
Ҳ⼸, һԴһġ
ʱͰҲѡԼè, ۲ÿһֻѡ˳С, 塣
ѡ, Լҵܵ, ѡĸ
Ʒ, , ѡֻ𣿡ȽϺѡһ㡣
, ֻһֻ׼סǼ¥ûԺ, ʦǿֵϲġ
̾, Ǻð, ѡѡ
һֱԥָֻѾ˯ŵẹ̀Եʣֻ˯СèôһͰ˯
ÿֱ, ѡֻ˯̡
ʱСֶҲѡẹ̀һֻܳԻʳСһ
èǸճ, ȴ˭Ҳ˭, ֫ץ, ƴľ˭
ֻ֪ͷԣܿƨɵè̱кСѡˡ
̶ֻ˺õĹޣΪģΪǵģ涨ÿÿ춼Ҫ򿨱ֱèΪֹ
תշƷҲԽԽãÿϷѧͰæòֺ
ΪǮִţĴࡣ֮£Ҫǿö࣬ϰԪ
ѧԼõ˼շƷҺüѧһ鱾Ҫ
Ӵó˳ӺͳȣƤһ˺Щ鱾ƥĳȡ
Ӽ״ЦǺǵشȤϣ䲻˳ӵõͦ
ǣôڱ۾áСͿʣԴշƷ͸˵ˣ۵ﶼܺ˴һƬ
һĽؿҲһܶѣҲǵΪʲô˻Ϊѵԭ:ȡ裬ȡ̡
鱾Ҫʱ򣬰װʣ̣ҸèѾϲһֻеĻü
Сèüͷ˰죬뵽һȥҼҸʣҺèأèûûè治
ͻһۣѹеļʣסʲô˰ҲҹȥϹʰ
㶼֪ҼҸסĹŴˣСǸˣ٣˻ųء
̲סüϴںӡ̡
ǻ˰ɣҼرҿɲҸ˵
ô˵ͬصͷȷסڸôãҶҸǴк˭ǷǮƵġ
߰˷Ӻ󣬰飬Ÿ˳Ӵ⻧˼߳
漴㵽һôѵͳһ
øûˣ͵͵ȥԺתһȦû쳣ӦȰϢ߸Ǻ֪
ųֲȰ㲻Ҫðգһ˼ңֻ𡣡
ɰȥȻּǸѵõĻᣬԺҲôõĻô죿
ִݵʱ򣬵˴ӲԶ
ĳǰߣСϱƵĸں棬Ȼ׷˼קס˵ĸ첲ȴһ˦ˡ
Ȼ˷ìܡ
ˣֻܴǽͷԹԸŻȥ㱨
ʱڽкСϡס֣û뵽˵ܲ٣ܲٵˡ
СдСסֵֽƬתƵǰָϽС׸硱ɰѰֻˣ̴ӶͳһŴΪ͡
һԿźܲζҲõܵѧ֣ʻ̫ӣһʱСǰҲǡ
Ŵɫɻʣôôʲô𣿡
أҪ˵ոյЦ⣬һࡣ
СǼ״ϽĻҲһ±ƶԶԶġ
ʱ˰һۣܱܲôףŵˡ
һѿ޷ԼжףԼɰ
ܿ죬ǰ˸ոշ¡
ǵǺɻ󣺡ǻٺɷû׼èأ
Ҹոȥ粻ȥʼ磬ȻԼһûᡣ
ӺͻĹ۵һʵ̫ðʧ
ûè㶼ٲˣ½̸ң
ӴԺĲϵĻӵĻ
Էô˵ڴȥһ̽ͷ
ֶһè̱뿪ˡ
˯ǰǷȥ˯ţŮˡȻԷĸʱʱĳ裬ô̬ɣ
Ӹ뷨ǡǡ෴뵽֮ǰ˳˵Ļ׼д绰
ൽʲôܿͻн
ڶ죬ҽԺ˰٣ȵٻصʱ䣬ʱŰèǰİ£һӼֿԡ
ţȥҽ˽⺫ˣľʡʱʡġ
е⡣
ĸʲô㲻ʲô뷨ɣ
Ʋһۣ:²Ӧ˵ľ֡
Цһ˫ֻǰ˵㻹ôţڲˡ
˵ˡתҪߣú˷ʱ䡣
˿мƣӴͷֻЭˣҸ㻹û
£վѵľ׮Աߣ˽⵽һЩںĵϢ
бȽעһ:꣬ŰصС
Ϣƽͨɡ
Щݣڶ֮룬ıҵĵ绰һá
ʱĹõ绰ϵ˳ǣݾߡ
һۣСֹƨ¶ࡣ
Ȼô˵ţȻж˼ҡ
绰鷿ýıڼңʡȥ˽͵Ĳ衣
鷿Ӳͨ绰˳ǵʱûйĺѣֱ˵˵ӣٵ¡
٣ʲôˣǲǺţ绰ͷ˳ǵе㼤·𻹴һ˿
ַӦ𱡴


86 󵨼
һүǺ³, Ǹپʲô
һ绰ߣʳɻ
˳ǳĬò˵ٷֵԭ
ϲǹģ˳Ư, ԸҲأԺܶŮ, ȻƸ߰һ, Ůвģ
׷£ԷĴӦˡ֪ԭһֱб, ҲûΪ֡
˽Ҫ̸ۼ޵ʱⷢһ, òٵΪˡ
˵˳һγĬˡֻ׷ʣ㷢ʲô
˳òΡΡ˵֪һʱվҶ¥С, һһֱֻӴӸ߿ȥˤ, ˵ⲻвô
Ȼ̳ҲԵ, δ̫˰ɣ
ô֪ģӳʡ
ͷʱ, ʱܰ͵͵վҴ¿˯û˯, ûײ¡
Ϊֹ, ˤʱޱĮ, ̫}ˡ
˼, 㻹Ű𣿡
˳һ, ҡͷ⵹ûУ̸һֻСẹ̀ûͱˡ
Һؼҵھ, ҲǽԪԭˡ෢͵̫ѨЩϢ
֪㷢𣿡
֪, Ҹֵ, ǽԸҲԭ˵Ĳ, Ͳ֡
³⻹б֪𣿡
ûУϱûߡϾֺ˵ǰŮѻе㲻ص
ţ֪ˡ
Ҷϵ绰ӼȷŰӦþ١¶Ҫ֤ݣĿǰûκ֤ݡ
ոյĵ绰ûܿҲ˵绰ݣüͷʣǲʲôֵ£
Ů˸ҺǣⱲӶ뷭
ӳĬһ˲¶һ飬ĩ˲ѵʱû취֤ɵģ嶯
ŮǲǷˣ˫ֲⲽô죿ѵк
Ļ˳˼
ϣ˰Ѱͨ绰˵ʱ
˽⵽ϢָپǸŰèˡ
ǲ֪Ů´ٸɻ»ʲôʱ
磬ȥðæɣǹĵػ
ҪСģԷԸҲǿ
ţá
ڶ죬ϰ֮ǰȥĹš
ʱĹŵĺ̨ױ̨ǰü
ָ΢΢ҪõüһСľͻˡЧӳüԲˡ
ڲԶһĻæ߹ĵô˭ˣ
̧Ƥٷ£û͵͵ƲƲ죬Ҹط£ȴȻһĿĵϺۼٵڡ
㲱Ӻôˣ
սͱƿˡ
ңû¡˵ţŮ££죬۵һĨҡ
ֳΧɨһȦû߿ŷġ
㡭˵:㲻Ǳ˴İɣһ뵽ԷҪӻԸ̱͡
ʲô㣿Ͽֱѹ·ľȣͺ޲˲ʧ
ԷˣøϽˡ
ߺɥϣŬƽãŰĨѹȥ
Σ뱻˵Ц
һߣôɿͣг
뵽ӦòῴЦӭ˹ȥôѵҵģ
ǿЦ¶ˣҵȷġ
»ñһϽѶһԵ£С˵:ٿҸһҾˡ
ҸطģԸ⣬ҿԸܶ󡣡
뵽ؼύ˶ǸЩҡ
Ҽǵýةأũѧô
ة˲ǰһԭҡĳױˣʶ
Ǻؼг
ϷǼƣǵȻһɩӣ˵ܲʶô
֮ƣҲֻܰѸʮĽة׳ˡ
У֪ʲôҶ㣬Ҫ˵㻰һҪѽةܸҡȻةò˧ϲ죬ϲֳˡ
У
ʮӺһƫƧʵʶô꣬ʲôԸ񣿡
һ㣬þԼ˵һ춼˵꣬Ϊʵ̫ǸŮˣΪ˼ˣҲһֱίߡ
ָ˰죬֪ȱ㡣
ǼûᵽԼ֪ģǼ̽Ů˾ûһĵط
ĵطգգ۾Ȼ뵽ղſǷ棬ʣ񾭳ɷ𣿾Ϊʲô̫
ұǶǵĵһӦ
ô֪򣿡
ΪԴͰϵɴˣǰϵɴġ̽С˵Ҹոտ·ˣԲֲ²⡣
ϢֱӰѶŪͿˡ
ٵɷǸұУҲпŰЩ
ô˭ɵģǶв룿
ú֪Ű£Ҳûᡣ
ĩһ죬ѻͰеúǵĺڰ廭һ˼άͼ
ֱдٺͺߡ
Ҷǵһμͼͬʱˡ
ǰ˼ڤĴ󵨼轲
ȣǸŰèˣǼұУôûһֿܣÿĶʹñʱŮ˶ŰйԼ
Ϊٳ«έĹŵʱ򣬵ϲûзŰ£Ҳ˵ûĴ̼ܹġ
ŰǷǻٴλص«έʼġмܳʱûŰ
һڶǼ񵽽֮󣬶һٳ̨Ƕʱ䡣
ַֿԣһǺļشݳԼıоع⣬ʱŹһֿٵʱæݳûʱŰ
趨Ҳֻһֲ룬ǵΪ
ֱˣ
촽ԶǸӳˣС̣ô뵽Щ̫ţˣҿ㶼ȥˣ
ǫذڰ֣ʾԼҲֻϹû˵:˲tvb磬ѧһǶġ
ӿ˼άͼָ°ͣԿҾúܶԣͼôܽ̽𣿡
ԣֻҪǰ͵͵ص˽ǮóҾͽ㡣̯ģʾ֪ʶǲƸûвƸ֪ʶ
ţԣҷķ֪ʶӿ챻ЦˣֻʮԪҪѹΣʵ̫̰ˡ
˴εʱԺ⴫һ顱æѺڰȥš
ֻվſǮ£ﻹű⸱ģҳߡ
ôˣԶ۸ˣ
Ǯ¿ҡͷһһǲ˵
㵹˵ˣٰѺŵǱı޵ֱġ
ԱվӣͰεվ֪ӦǺã
л˵
ΪԼͼ˶ðˣԸ±ȽڶԺ󣬲ҪСɰǣ



87 ʶ
Ǯ, ȵڿ޹˲˵
ҰҪѼǮȫøǮȢϱ˵ǮӦϣǿˣ
ҳֱܵ, Ժѿеί
ǽ˵ɣҸ屭龫ȡǱź, һ, ʾŻʱرһ¡
ȽݣкСǸ𶺱, ۶ڿͷһߺ龫һǮҵ¡
֮ǰǮһֱΪĸ, ҲøŶԣ
Ů˼ǵĹ, ֻ֮ǰûֶѡ
˵Ҹô죿ѵǹԹǮ
׻˵Ѷϼ, Ҳ˵Ӧô, ֻĬĬ߰ο
ǮԹԵ˵ţС, ǮǮƭ, Ļǰʮ, ôֵ
˵, ֿ޳, Դ˷йеı, ֱɽ˲뿪
Ͱһ俴ẹ̀èǶ࣬С, ǿѾèһСˡ
ǽ, ӰЩԻһ, ĸ첲, Сʣ¸ô죿
˼үүҪвƲүүԸ񣬲ڱƲѵ£¡
үү費
Ĵ𰸺⺢ѧϰѧɵˣԽֱġ
ӶǼžɫ˼ҡԴүүãһʴһһЩȫУΪδ
СֶԺﶺֱ߹ȥ:ҵдСѧһ꼶ѧǰ࣬Ҫдҵ档
Сֶּ෴Ը񣬼ô˵ܲһдѧƴ̫Ҷᡣ
֪ʵֻܴɴһֱûѧϰϣ˵䣬ͼЦǺǵس
С磬仹СɲôСʱҲûզѧϰҲôˣ˵ڴѧͣˣѧϰٺɶã
Ļָ
Լ˵СֶﾡǹâѹǸǮԭСʱûѧϰԲʶ
ƽʱ̰ܰһֵֶıˣ˾һֱһֻ۱һֻۣСֶûòͱֻʣȣ˵ʲôѽоˣ
ϣСֶա⡱ܽóļ˺ֱָ̣ü
ëһӦһԪëдһԪëʹˡϵӣȻֻ꣬ȴһ
ɻ˾ʱһĻһʧ˵:һӣӽ쿪ʼճĿͱˡ

Щܲˣţ꣬ⲻǿЦɣղϹèӣ
˼ôͷҲصس鷿ȥĸȥ׷ֻվԭرð
Сֶһ±ƣתͷ磬ĿɶǳԵ𣿡
ۺЦͷ˵үүѧ⣬ҪŬɲС
һҵСֶԴ˶ˡһ㶼ãص룡
ǵĴ󵨼󣬼˿ʼС֤
ٻɷŰèһᷢҹ˾ʱ򣬸ٱȽ˷ʱ䣬Ǿá
װƺ͸׳ܣԭļаסٶķӣֻҪ͸ܿҵһһ
֪ǲǽĳһãǶԷһֱͣһߣ°֮ͻؼңûȥ
һߣǮº͸ĸìѾ˰ȻĽ׶Ρ
Ҳ֪ǮôϴԵģ϶ֶӣֱӸǮ¾ôûá
Ǯû취ֻһͬȥǮˡ
Ǯǳžվţžŵˡ
ƽӣһ㶼ڼơ
ǮҵʱһһԵĵˤڵϣ顱һԭֺ˲ð
Ǯ죬ʾȻȥ
ҸɶΪǮ£ûҪǷҪҵġ
˱˻ԣǮº޲ȥȭȰ㲻ҪƭҰ裬Լգⲻƭ˵𣿡
ǮЦһҲװˡôŵҲǿóȥˮҪôǮʲôã󻹲Ǳˣ
ʱһԵĶǣ۵һĨޡҲڴ˳ûУʮ壬Ҳ֪ôأ
ҶҲ˲ţҲ
۵ս治Уֻóæ̰ͼ˵ĲƲƤڸѡһǮ¸ĸԶǰεȷųǮ¸ĸ㡣
ʲô˼Ǯӿ͵˫۵ɵͭһѵһ
ϵ˼ٸҾǮ¸ĸǾȥٱͶѣʱ˭Ц󡣡
Ǽɫһţ֪вõġ
˭Ǯҵ˽¹ƨ£ǸҾٱңǳݣǮŲˣֻһˣܽû˵
Ǯ򵽶ǵ˼ɫں֮࣬ڸҰ費ҪǮˣȻһдٱţ
ǮֻЭ
ǮΪ˸лǵİǮ´ȥȺ
ⶫֻйӪÿŶ˺ֻܶ࣬жʮ룬գ
ϵˮƽżһѵġ
ÿһӣڲǰ߳ԱģСǣû治֪ô죿
Ǻ˿˵ʵݲģԼø磬ûвѡ
ǮϸϸƷƷûô£Լ֮ǰ飬Ҳᷢչֵز
УҶˡлл㣬Сǡ
˵ļ϶ſ߽һˣٵɷġ
öſڣһ۱㿴뵽пǸұУǲëһ
ʱҲ΢΢üͬʱ˹
ɣϲ
ǺƶԷΪʲôԼ飿֮ǰǺ񲢲ʶ
ǮҲһ±ƣȫ֪ǰ˭ֻܿpanpanѰ𰸡
ţͦɡס񵭶ͷֻϣԷк͸Ͽߡ
ϧû뿪˼ܺƴҳԷܿ죬ߡ
ԣɡûоֺܾһ漴꣬Ҳˣԡ
˵ߣǮºĬظϡ
ҴŵǳԷҿ뿪Ųӵסȥ·ɫڡ
ǶĿ⣬һĨЦθСȷˣˡ
ǣǮµ֣ʾÿԥƬ̺Ųӡ
ֱ߳Ӫ꣬ǮظŸҴ˭̫ˣ
ֲ׳ȴޱϬ񣬾Ұһ˻ڡ
ҲǳһΪʲôĻһֵֹֹԼ
ѵԭǰʶ뵽ֿԣ˸޲̷ɵӻѰһ˿ů


88 1977
Ǯ·ֿ, ֱȥҽԺ
ʱӸһƣؿ, ǷԼоЩ⡣
ţôһζ, ˣ
Ǹ뱧ס, ȴֹͷ·, ɴ۾ʣô֪ҾͲˡ
ţ, Ҳ̫ԡ
ģӵ뻳, ǹζס, ǰķӦ, Ȼ˻˼, Ҳ, һ, Ȼһ, Ҿˡ
ӵͷЦЦ, ǲǾҲ㣿
ֻЦ, ˻֪ͦ¿ô죿
Ӳֻн񱣬ζ, ӵ£΢΢, ͷա
ѵˮ, ڵһ, ˲ԾüץסһװҪƿʲô˼ѵ𣿡
ֻǻ䣬ȴȻץסֵ֣Ĵ
ζǣͺر𡭡
˳еʱ򣬰칫ҵͻȻƿ˱һĻһҲһʶѻȴӰڻﶯá
лҽ֮ǰǲӦţ
лͷЦһΣԲ𰡣´һע⡫ȳȥȹһ
˵ţ顱һţզԷôأⶼˣ
ɫ죬ȭͷᴷ˵ţԹôŰԺôлҽ
Ϊ˺ģӹ˵ոǸǺܲ´һעŵġ
˵⻰ֻһٱ㻹˵ͻȻҸѽҵ󶼸ƻˣ
ӣ
ȫⲻŮ˵˼
ʱһȥնңҹڷ
ĺߵ㣬·ûʲôˡֻٴһɫףͷñӣִʮֵ͵
ϸϸ˭
Сش⣬ΧûŴ󵨳š
ڴߺȲˮʱһĻæ²׸˳ȥ
һ·ƺû׷ˣȹ۲ټңĲûиųȥ׷ˡ
Ϊһˣ֪θٵ˶Է֣컻ǸٺģҲô˳
һ·ϣŮֻͷǰߣ··飬ΧһһݶΪϤ
ں棬߹ɳ̲һƬ֡ǶǼ񵽽յĵط
¶Էֱ֣Է֣ж
ֻǻû߽СèءĽè̫һܲҡ
뵽ҲһֻèڱݲУӿŲٵӰʱһֻѪСè̡
ڸ
ͻŵŮһ£ʧְèӵϣֻèѾһϢûܡ
㣬ôŲŶԷĿ⡣
ûлشǰһʵ㣬ڸèŪģ
ңǣŪģֻǰèŻɭٰ֡˫ֱ󣬲԰׵ɫ£ΧȦת
ĲңѾŻˣҪؼˡ
ɽĻֻѻӵסȥ·èӵϱƣʲôȥϼ˵ɣΪɳܡ
һҪִֻܷӴƣڴһ𳤴ķϣܱܲ׷£ģҡ
ȻִԲ򣬽챻Цˣ㵱ɵ𣿻ǿźúƣ㿴մѪ֣ûһ˿ھΣ
ķҪҹȥ𣿡֪ͷٺȻɫв㲻ߣҾʹô˹йŮС㿴㻹ң
һⲻ˾̣ôҵš
㾡ܺұˣҰֻʲôӦҡҡ׹ȫƾĵİ֧ܿţΪ𣿡
һҧס촽
ǵ֪µʱѾǵڶ峿æȥҽҪ˽
µΪ׼һ龫½һ顣
Ұֺͻ˾Ѿ֪ˣ㺫ѹҲΪȻŰèΪھӰ켫ΪӣٻյӦġ
Ƕǵһξý˳ۡЦرʾл
ӣЩ˼
ʱĹŵİ칫ҡ
ۣҧסŰèĲá
һãϣԷܹʶʱ
üԩԼ˶ըˡ뵽ةпܳΪԼĶ˫ֲһ˷
¸ûϵ˯ˣȫ˶֤ʱȥŰè
Լٵ¶һĨţ˵èңӵģ
÷һİۣŮ˴ûԼ˿ʵ
쵼棬٣֪ж𣿴Сκ¶ܳΪ۸˵ĽڣҲý㱳ڹǼС£ûԺô죿
˵ʲô
ٺûһ˿ü״Ҳٸϻ쵼²ģһȫϵ飬ǻһף
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Сۣ˭û뵽ƽʱͦƯĹ˼Ȼô񶾣
֮ӦõĴ:Ĺų
һƬȻˣ˸ֹϵҲûָ
±ۣ̬úĺ顣⳹Ʒˣں֮ʱϼٱ˺Ķ䳤ŰΪϵ˾֤ݣ޷ġ
һϢóԹȺڳһϡ
ıȽϴûзǴ󷽳ˣҧ˸ñӣԲֹΪ
ͬʱûϼ飬ύתҵ롣
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ֻèѾ뿪ĸ׵Ļʼ
ǰѼӽеǰԼèߡ
֮ǰҪдһݵʾֻʾϸ˲ܰè̱ؼҡ
翴Ծϵ⣬ûô˼ʹˡȻְСֶдֻÿһ𰸶Сֶṩס
ƽʱȽϴģèȴǳġ
ҵƽʱûʲôϲãֻ˯ܶⶼԲûش𣬱Ƚʡġ
ֵһǣЩè׵һֻèÿһֻϻٶкɫë飬ȵġ
ûһӽϾӣԼĻشʮţǿҲ⡣
ÿһֻèСطŽĳᡣ
кСǼҪСèߣһࡣ
裬ܲܰèè£Ҳߡ
οǣ֮ǰѾӦǣҪԶŵˣ֪𣿶ҲȥͰԲԣ
˾úеǱ춼ٷˡ
ǶŪŽʣֻẹ̀׼֡
֮ǰһֱСС̫ˣ
˺ܾãǡһһ͡
Ϊһ̵ֻһڿ飬һֻڿ顣
ǵ֣̲סЦ
µദѾȫˣͽնջнԪദúܺá
Ԫޣÿè̶ͽԪ׽ȫ̰һĴڡ
ÿڰСèڻɫèϹȥĻ棬Ƕúа
Ȼѱ̫ĽԪˣϲҲͦõģ
ӴȽջָҲ
Ӵ󣬽ֵĳɳͿˣ
뵽ؽǺȥйꡣ
үر⣬ʵǻһĿģǿһԼھеķôˣ
ȹ1977꣬ҽָ߿ѧǾ󣬵ʱסĺԺѺӴҲ㡣
÷ﷱ衴ںϹ꣬Ҳ˵ֻһĿڻȥ
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ŽԼĴ󲮸磬һֱЦеģǹάýܲڡ
زס£æһС˵ܲܰѽһ˿Щ߰ģ㰡ةˣɱû㡣
ͷ汣֤ģҶġ
ԵҲǿ󣬶ѵֻǣߣܲܳɻҪԵ֡
˼æ֤İɣ
ͬһ̳ᣬսЩ΢
ӽ촽Ӻͽ̸ЦĵײɵһĨ⡣
СǣǵıĶˣ
ĵûҲû룬·ɺӣСԹⲻͲܶң
ӽӹɺû˵ÿ˷ɣڶٴκͽʱһδǣ־Ҳˣпˮ
Ļ䣬ҵעĿǽ΢΢ü˵ĳ
õĿڽ֮䴩ţ¶һζЦ
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GҸղˣ
һͨڴеƨҵ־
УΪʲô־ѽ㿴ˮﶼǡ
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áЦɵ֪Լ游ױ˺ڹ
гɵǰʻţ˳ȥˮĹôյСʣոǳԴˣû
ؿ漴ҡͷʾԼû
ԽĴףӦòɣ뵱ԼжὯ֪ġ
ţ̲סǵԣˣŲɡ
뿪ǻڻ䷽Щ棬ôһ˵˺ȷʵû£ѵԴˣ
У裬־ǲǰְַƨģ
Сɻôʣæͷţְַŵġ
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ջ˼˵Ǹ˯ˣǳ̷۰ɡ
ûʲô£ӻԼˣźãϴҲ˯ɡ
絽վ˯һ޾ܵĿĵأ˳
ϴϴ˯ˣӲģʵ±ӲԼЩС˼߯ˡ
һҹȥڵﾩС
ǼҲҪֵڸǰǺԼ档
صؼңүʮָ˵رŮÿ˶õһصǡ
СǾ˵ĺ룬áֱ֡ǵķ䶼Ѿɨɾǻ·¥˵ڵѾˡסھӣǸʲôˣķҲ̫
˳ϦȻиɫꡣؼᳫǲӴЩߣүҲ
1977꣬Ƕ࣬ϲ󣬴صŻЦ
죬Ҫ뽯ֵܳԷΪľǸةǣߴš
Ȼ֪ô⣬Դס
뽯ةͺãΪʲôҪ뽯
ʵҷԽǺܴ󰡣
ûôС
ϣǺǡ
뵽ײɻӰõѡһұȽϲ۶ĹӪ꣬ҾԺԶһ㲻ֵطԷ
˵ҪԷةŽˡͣţԵеɵɵ
磬Ӹɩô㲻ǴӰɣ
ü룬оȻŮ˵ţֱû
ܲʵһͷΡ
ǰѳɼҳ㷹ة̬ȡ£ˣԱǸİŮˣةĹעGɩԱǹ˭ùƯġ
һۣʣܸ㣬ͬⲻ
ڹȥʮ꣬ةһֱѧ鶼ûյʮִͷ˵һСأҽٶ˵Ļ
Цһ˵ˡ
ڽةϲ죬òȻһиС
ةǾʮȾϹӺͶǳ羴ޱȣ磬ɩӣҶˣ
һ¡
˫º󣬶ةõݣѣĹŵ裬Ưˡ
ʱةȴΪǸܵĶۣﰵ޵:ﳤò󲮵Ĳظñκˡ
ͬʱҲڴ
ʶةΪԺֻнةÿοһЦģΪԼֻǸСӡ
Ȼ֪ʶҶÿ˶⸱ףҲ谭Ƿϲĵѿ
˽ӣĶǻԸһٷû䳡ʱ
Թõ뷨ýةô
¶ԷԼˣѻ˵úܺɣô
Ļشö˲Ȼǵý˵ȥҽةС˻ѽҲˡ
ة֪׶Լʱ˶ɵˣǸҸܶôˣ
ǿһʣû˵Ҫܶ𣿡
ʼ磬ʾԼˡ
ѶǺԺҲæ̫ס
תͷٴζϽة±Ƶ֪ˣ˵˵ôģ
Ưةһκ˼ҿܿҰɣôҲӦϲҸİ
СڽӰ֮£ةŮ֮һֱ̫ţ˻һôÿĹ
׻˵ܲ˸û׼˼Ҿϲ͵أ˵벻ɣģҴͺá
뵽пԼ۷壬ةԥصͷɩӣ鷳˵һ£ҾͦԵġ
Աһ֮Աǣող˵ԼСŶһͳˣ
Ը⣬ܲšةûǰԼڽŶûúôһ
һ㶣С²ƤˣжڣƢةӹһ١
û뵽һεý˾ô˳ýةȥ԰ɢģǵĹϵһ
ʱ͹ֻʣˡ
Է޵ݱҪ뿪뿪֮ǰΣǶԶһ֮룬ܳһ˵仰
ӲԾر񾭣ܲӸȥֹԵԼСû˵
ǰķӦֻúЦǵͷãǳȥ˵
⣬һ촽ڿڣͬ־ܸȥһҵĸǰ߶㣬ճź
ǳĬһ˲ԥ֮Сԭȥĸ飬Ե̫ûζ
ǼһɣϾҲ
Ӧˣ¶һЦݣлл㣡֮ǰĵط˵Բ𣡡
ûϵҳʮ«έ춼пա
Ⱥͽֿ󣬶߽͹ݣһ˼Ц߹ȥʣʲôأе


89 
̧û˵, Ҳûٰһų
ʣ΢ɲüȻסȻҲߡ
߳Ӫ, ¡
ȥ˿ʡ
ûʲôȤؼҡֱСӥץС, Ծض࿴ۡ
СʱûϷ, ǲ棬⹫, ڻͯȱٺ֣ܶ
ص, Ժɳǻ, ӳɳӵ, ﻹ, аְˣˣˣ
ǻûѻ˵, Ѽɳ˹, ׼ȷϡ
һ, С򱻶ùЦ
ⲻ㣡һû˵ʼأ
, ӥ׽С, ҵӥ, ǵС赱裿
ǲͷӣ۵ײŲ졣
һϷ, ȫֽкãи߸߾, ˵Ҫӥ, ǵ
, ɡ
ܿ죬һĿԺӥ׽СȻʮϷȻúܿġ
֮СĶڿӵžߴƤֱϿ쿪˲Ž
ЦǺǵǣôˣҿȺûˡ
ǲ˼ؾ˾ͨĶ䣬æҪȥæ
ؼҿһ̨ڰ׵ӻÿԹ󣬺Ƕ̫үүɳϿӣÿʱǶữΪ汦ŵӻСʲôʲô
Ҳһһʮġ
ǶԵӻ̫ȤԹطˢȥˡ
вһʱҪ߿ΪܿѧԸ໨˼ѧϰϡ
ҲĿ̿࣬ÿ춼һϰ
Ա߼ϰⶼˢˣװʣ콯ʲô£
ˣϰᣬգգ۾ⶺŪ:ܣҲ㡣
ĬĬðóȴ̲סˡ
Ĳ˵
ǿͰ͵վٶҰæ뿪֮ǰȥɨĹ
Ŷû˵
Ǹƺ«Ƕ챻ЦˣŶʲôѽпȥûվˡ
ô˵͵̧ͷһ˿ҵȻп㡣
ţǾôˣȽǱ߸Ҿʱ䣬ʱһȥ
ǳʮ뿪УڳһɨĹ
ڶ죬Ǵһɫ·һϰľװгҡ
Ҳʱû˵ʲôȥĹأ鶼ࡣ
ĸĹڽҵأĹûƬҲ֪Էʲô
ϹԼݣٰƻŵĹǰ˵ǵϣϲ
۵׻һĨᡣ
Ȱݼ꽯ĸǺ뿪ˣĿɽ󣬲ŶһԵĸ׿Ц˵ҰıȢϱʱûͬ⣬һ軹۹
ûкҩ˾ʹˡ
ɽӵһֱЦǼ״ȤɨĹô𣿡
Ц⣬۵׵ĿȴزסֻǾúһɨĹоܺá
ЦЦ촽û˵ơ
뿪֮ǰǻȥһĺԺӱúܺãΪ˶ָǶϷһʸлѡ
֪ǽҪ뿪ǣЩСΪǾٰһͻᣬصĪ˹
󻷾ԽԽãǵĵҲڽָѵĵطǲǳԲǰôȴǱӵĵط
ͣʵǸˣֻһţźһС⡣
ĺܶ˶ǵһγͣ²Ա˺ܶණĳ˲ŷͦռӡ
˼õƷǳ׼ȤϣǷǲѾ͵͵Էˣ͵Բص
˵ûУȴһӹõ£Աô֪ˣ⻹Ҫѧ
ļ˾ԼһαѹˣҲԱѧ˵ûѧᡣ
ʱǣϣԼϲ
ǵͷ߳
ʹԱҵλڽĲ
վȴȴ⿴һˣѾתҵĺġ
Ҳģǵ˲䣬¶һ˿Ⱥϲá
þòҲԷģ
ұУֻú󱳷ͷǻش⡣ǻҪԻתߡ
Ĳ̬ȣЦ˵ʵӦøлҲŶԣлҵûиߴңصӡȻĭɱˣҲҪմһȡ
üҲpanpan˵ɷֻҪеöˣκţ˺ǡ
ֻǺЦ뿪ˡ
ȴסζЦݡ
ʮһ죬һĿ̤˻«έĻ𳵡
еķǸϲ«έèйһȺ硣
ںģ˻Ż˼һ죬˼Ƭ̺¶ҪСġ
۵ʮСʱȥڵ˽С
ӽе«έҪСʱĴÿǶ쳣˷ܣǺҪСģǷΣա
˶ǼԺļǴӾлˣæ㱨ǻ֪ɣǺҳˣ
ʮڣʱִһپˡ
ҵ𣿡ǲԾֱͦ¶ǡ
ûأ趼켱ˣء
ϾôĵطҲǵˡ
ȶǿûֱӻؼңȥ˰׼ҡ
ʦǵһ̣˲Сǣô찡ʧˣ
Ϊʲô°ôҳأļ򣬸谲ο
ᵽʦһߺ޵ⶼϰףһ飬ҲһᣬƤľִܹǳûעˡ
ʱ׸Ҳʮְգ߿СʱûģզͲˣСӻѧ˼ҳˣҵһҪúһ٣
ûᡰٰ֣˸ඡ
⣬ֺӡûӣ˵úܲΪʲôٽ˵巣õĽʽ
׸ץץͷ֪ԼҲΪʱ
죬ǰӷŵ÷Ȼ뵽ҺӵĶ鵱УǣҲæ
ΪĺѣѼȥĵطұˣûҵˡ
뵽ǮģǻڲڵϣҲȥ˽УԶĵطӦòȥΪûнš
ôɣڵڶȥ˽УŻ̫С벻⺢ִҪȥֻܰҲϡ
б«έö࣬ûнŲסд֮ĵطֻܶĳطǽסڱ˼
׼ڽûѣ뿴硣
˼ò뵽һˣ˵иɸڽе·ʲôطҲ̫
ͷ·ͶѣΨһȥĵطǺС
УǾ·ȥѰˣʡȥʱ䡣
Ǻʦһ·׸Լһ·ӴŻһ·Ҳҵõĵ֮ǰͷϡ
ǩӺͻѡ˱СĺС
һƬĿյϣС̫࣬ͦȫ
˴ӵһ̯λҵ棬ҲûҵǽҪ뿪ʱ򣬻ȴۼطиֳӰ
æקסӵ½ǣż˵壬Ƕأ
ȥ:ǳСӣ
ʮĬضһۣ
ʱɵǺǵضֳ󣬴ͷĻֻϣǸϽߣʱصǸҡ
ֻҪٴ̧ͷʱȴס˼
Ϊ㶼켱ˣ˼һֱ𣿡
̧ͷڿ˭˶ûţ壬ôˣ
˵Ϊʲô޶:һȥ赣ġ
һֱ־£ֻܵ˼:㾹ҳң
Ʋȫ
֮£ֻܹԹԴӦߡ
ҪҸɸ˵һһ¡ǲֲģҲܵġ
Ҳûܣͬˡ
ߺ󣬻絣ĵʣô𣿡
Цʣѣѵ㲻𣿡
ü룬ûŵġ
ʱ֪˭һץС͵еҪСİ
˲䣬гûҲ
类ͻ״ŪһãȻͻȻһƥܾ߷ɱھ̫㽫Ҫ̤ʱһƿԼȴ˶ˡ
ƥûΪײ˶ͣӵӷֱۣɫ԰׵ڵϣſˣ壬û°ɣҲãû㿪
ʱ۵亹ֱðŵӣҧأǿһĨЦ˵û¡
ΧǼˣϽֳ뽫ȥҽԺ
ҲʱһĻ˶ɵˡ
ô°ô˵ģ
һֱޣ۵׾
ֻһҵطҽԺ
ĺȥң۵֮С
ҽ飬ֶദۣصҲ²м˵û˼ࡣ
ϽԴ죬ֻϣܸϿ
ʱڽͷǿȰҲûܵӺͻ硣
öЩż죬ûӵӰʱһݵ˳ʣǰļ𣿡
ᵽʦ̼ץסĸ첲裬ǲ֪Ķ
ûش⣬æ˵ɸ磬ҹ˵ҽˣǸϿȥҽԺ
˵ӣǰͣôˣϲأ
ԣǿȥɣߵˣ
Ǽ䣬ֻתۻ˺һһһ˿һ㳯ҽԺķȥ
׼ҷҲϢŵˣǷӦϽȥ
ҽԺ
ӱͽңͰȣһ
ȶǸϵʱҡ
翴ǣԭֹסˮֿʼͣ:С̣Բ𡭡
ǵעϣţӯˮ
ߵԣΣС̣ԲҲӦҳߡ
ô£Ϊʲôˣ
ͷһ龭
׸꣬һ˹ȥ
ҪΪҳߣҲˣҽ첻㣡
һţûж㿪սȭͷƾ׸ִ
Ǽð׸ӣæѰ󣬡ºûϵ˭Ҳ뷢⡣
ʦҲʱקס׸ĸ첲޵:Ҫ־͹ܰӣ㣬Ҳҳߣҽˣ
׸ˣɥض׵ǽǳײˡ
֮ȥҽ˽ʱһȥڴƳˡ
˽˫ۣɫ԰ף϶ദʯࡣ
ǿ첽ߵǰỽ֣Ӧֻǳĺ
½㣬ȻȥɣչС鷳ȥһ
С̣ҲҪֱ㶵վڲǰǰĵɵ
һֱ𣬶ͬ
綯˶촽û˵ڡ
ԼΪʲôֻǸӣ˹ؼʱʲôæﲻϡ


90 Ժ
ͳ, סļ˵ºûκιϵǱСΣգҲһ, ֪𣿡
ͷԼҪ, ȻȦĴת
֪Ǹ˼еĺ, ǼοͰȻȥɣ, չأ֪ôҲᵣĵġ
, ްһ۽ǣǼͮͮ, ۡ
һٳ, ǽһ, , ⼸춼ҽԺ, ܲȥѼҰæչһµܵã
ţܣ
Ǻ, 鷳һҪչ˺, 𣿡
, һģ
òװѻ簲, ֻص
䲡Ǹ˼䣬һŴסһλˣ·ʱˤ, ϻʯࡣ
һӶǴɤţʹ䲡е㳳֡
ʵҲתԺͷ, ҽԺ˱Ƚ϶, ķ涼ǿ
תԺĹҪСʱĴ, ⣬Ŀǰ״˰ᶯ
ȥһƷִӹ¯һƿˮΪӲֽţȴëڸҵĻֻ
ϽŵԱߣĸҴˣҰæϴë𣿡
һСϱ״ֻܷ̾Ū
ɫԽԽתѣ˶ָо¶ۣ췢¹ʡ
ˣˮ𣿡ڲס֣û۲ۣԼһʱ̲ס޳
Ӵ߳һĨЦҲʣºˣҪźˡ
Ǳͦ˸еģô˵ҲЦˣѽź㣬Ҹ
ˣǡ
Ūָȸոպ˺ܶ࣬˺ʵѽҵʱǣƽʱСǣƤ񡣡
̲סЦЦǣ˿ڣֻЦ⡣
ҽô˵𣿡
뵽ҽϽ򴽣һʱ˵ҽ˵û£ˡ
ӱǸҽô˵ǣʵ̤ʱѾԤϵ
û˵ʵҲûôûˣ
΢΢̾ûˣǺΪº𣬹һʱ겻ţǼ⡣
ĵʱŷдˣ󻹸һԱ
ˣæܹһ˷ܣ壬û°ɣϻ۲ûԵĶ
飬˶ܲӦ
ҷҶͬѧҺܱ˫ֻǰڳһӡ
ڨڨһЦ̫飬ⲻǿе㼤ģҲ㱻ġ
ʱľԱǰӾ˸񣬡׳ǻ˾չģʲôҪ˵
лл˾ﲻҪôˣȻȥɣ
ɾԱûжȻվǶ˾˵ұ
ӺͶǶһֻۣȥˡ
ϵˣӵ϶ˡǿ´ÿһߵ쳣
ǸƤģڴϴС㣬ٺˮٳԷԼϲĴ
ǳ㻤ԱΪ˱֤˯ߣɰ;Աš
ڶһ绹ûȳ緹½˺üˡ
ǰ׼ҷޣʦ˰ִ˺öӣӹվһԣҲû˵һػ
ðĸȥСĴ˵ʲôߣֻչˡ
֮ԶǮҲˣԶʯôôңҾڽסȴһ֪ġ
ҪǮ˵Ϣڹ
Цſ˦ʱһԲѣҪ־͹Сû֪ͨ㡣
ǲŵؿɷ˵湷
ҵʱæˣ˵绰㵹ǰˡ
ԷޣԶʱʱ֪ӵƾΣ
ǮæȰ˵ŰȰߡ
쵽ʱ÷ͻ˾ǰźҲˡ
ھ쵼ǰ÷һֱѹһӻֻԱ߸ż
һھΣӳŵΣһκ㡣
̨ҽ˵ֵԺҪʮԷΪ˾ԼӸʲôĴۡ
Ǽûᡰۣ֡ĬĬ˿
Ȼ˾ˣ÷̰Ѷ⣬ʦ˵ӵֿܻзϣǲģ
ţġûģһҵκġ
ҽˮƽޣҽβþҽҽ⹫ҽҩȫأзκ֡
ɶ÷һŮһʱ벻¶ȱӡ
İɣҲ˵ġ
ȫˣǳһдҪչ˲˻ۣ
ҹĻٴ٣ûż˯ԱߵĴӿٷ⹫ҽ顣
һ˲˲컨忴ɻüأ
˼ϣǲͷһۣ㣬Ҫ롣
ʲôأ
ҪȥܶܶͷΪҴҴǣ˯ɣȹͷ
ᳶǣ뵽ȶ˾ҪƵϲֱۡ
գԶҽԺһͺ۾һֶôңǲҵѣ
￩һ£˵ˣòܱɵӸͱˡ
ʱ˿̣޲ԶŴͣѾΪʱ
û㡣ӺܵûгֶеľȣŷӦ˺ԼĲ顣
ԶһƨڵϣȲ˻Ժô죿ָǰͲҽˣ
һһɣҽҲû£ҼСǻҡ
ҲͦãҲ뱻
̸У˼Щһͬؿǡ
ʱһζת۰¹ȥˡ
ʱƣڿԳԺĿֻҪھҽԺоͿˡ
кСǰûĸڿʱһֻ࣬ܵǰ
ЦſǣѵʪۿʱŸе£ʱ̤ӣɰĺӶҲˡ
˻δȬ뱧Ƕܡ
ǿẕ́ǰϸǺܾûְˣǲӦʾְֵ˿ڡ
Сͷһ˷ӦСӵǰ棬ϸ߸ߵĵӶ˵ְ֣
Ӽ״˹ȥôˣ
ֻСżϰһڣְ֣㣡
һ̣ӵĶҪˡ
ΪŮú÷ﷱ󣬾ʱᵽԺȥס
Ѵ˵ϢҶΣкͶǹϵõ˽̽
ʮǼңǲ˼գֻʵţĶ˻ȥˡ
ҽɶʱܺðѾڴٵҽˣ˾ͼñ˺á
ҽԺ˳ڲ٣ټ϶ʵ
¾ܺˡⲻǶǴţҽҵƷֻҪҽƷҽĺҩָָտɴ
У´˭ٸ˵ҽҷȥɣ
Ǳ϶Цˣ˵ջˣôӦ󲻴󰡣
ͦõģ·ݾ͸ˣӹƻȡ
лҳ˺ܾãˣӲŴ̽е࣬һ˵ʵемܡ
Ҹ㻻·ɣǻҪȥҽԺ
ţá
ʵʱ䣬һֱĴɻҽݹȰҵǵҵܵشʱȴ˺˶
δ̫ǿ˰ɣ
˵ҽԺʱǿҽлѵ飬ҪлָúãֻҪصλԶԶ
һֻǴ˼ָֻ糣
ҽԺܣͬ¿¶һĨͬ飬öǸоܲȴûκηӦ
뿪ҽԺ󣬶̲סʳеɻ󣬡βãͲܵҽˣѵһ㶼ѹ𣿡
Ӷǵǵ񣬺ӵ뻳УģҽһѧϰתڿƣҽԺһݹʺҵģ㲻ҽԺǻһҵġ
ô˵ǴȤҲУҪӭҵϲòУа׳Եͣ
ôӭϣ
⻹ҸԼ룬ͣ
ҹӲһֻ֣չŸѶȶ
ôţ
žøй޷Ŵ󣬶ֱͦҧס֧·ƶˡ
ĩһ죬ڶǼҡ
һɵòУÿﻹɨߡöЩһ
Сֶվ͵С̣ѧУдţɨģȴɨ鷳дš
©ٳĻԣҲֻСֶó
ǶУСѧѧУҪţ
ͷԻ²۵Ҿ˵ôƭùǷǲ
һȣͲӦŵܵʲôð취
СֶƤ񣬼ʹ˴ԣȻϵѧУҪţ˵ġ
ѣǹٸҺ죬СҸүү
»˾жСֶʮֹãæѻͰˣҰæģҵ£Ҳ˵ѵģСҴˣүү
ڳϴ󣬶ڷŹ
ֻҴɨ
Ӻߵͷ
УǴɨɣҪɨɾܺŪ
Ļͬһ£æ
÷ܲͬؿǸأֻǺӶѣܸЩֻⲻǺ𣿿ͣ
İɣũͻˣǶһҲͦáȻͰһʱͣ
ԼŮˣ÷̾һúӣϣӵĲðɡ
һߣкСҲ뵽ɨĶ鵱СĨѲԽԽࡣ
СֶռԼͶɹûˣˣкСС˲߻ˮϻ״ȥˣܹǣȥһ춼겣
СһҲһͨŭЦȥ°ɣ
ô˵СֶոϽˡ
ŴͶӣǶ˵㿴ⶼǳģҪú㰲ġ
΢΢˶кת֤ţһġ
ֻǲ֪ǣ϶ӵǳ׷ˡ
һ̳֮˲ꡣ
Ϫһֱڹעؼҵ״˵ºĵһ˿صϲá
һֱ֪ؼҵֻΪǼͥ˼ңӵҽݣǶҫʱ
ʱûˣҪܻɸʲô
ΪˣǴȥ绰߶壬÷ѾϢ
˵˶էˣһֱڵ÷ת⣬˸į뵽ΪǶĸŮԼܵȥ«έĻƱ׼ȥһ֣˶ĸŮ
л˵
ŸֻˬŰǿˣ~


91 Ÿ
ʱÿ, ǼҵĳᴫŨŨҩζ
ھŵ֪ҽָóҩˡ
˵ҩһһ𵽻Ѫͨãһܽӹ
ҩʱҲн, ˲Уʱ䳤ҲҪ㡣ÿ°ĵһ¾ǸӰҩȡ
вϲֿζ, ÿҩʱԶԶ, СǺϲÿζСԱΧ, ֱҩ˲Żߡ
öǸе棬:ϲҩ벻㣿
Сǰһ, 룡̣
Ǳ֪ʲôҩİ˵˵
үԺաɺͽԺ⻹ѹӢ
ָŬ˼, ѾöǺˡ
֪ǵĹЧ𣿱硭˵˵ĹЧ
ʱ, Ҳܻش, һ, СǾ͸ȷ𰸡
ү˵, Ըʺ, Ƚⶾ
һ, ȴˣû뵽ŮȻ̳˺⹫ҽ츳
㻹֪ʲôܸ˵˵𣿡
, Сְҩĵ˵, ȫǶԵġ
С
Ȼǲҽҽ飬ҽѧȤ, һȫ֧֡
򱾡ݸĿ͸һѧϰ, 𣿡
ãϲ, С˷ܵ§סĲǵز˲, ĵСģ̰ѶǶЦˡ
ҩúСһɫȥӣְ֣ҩˣ
ʱ壬ҩ֣мЦغ裬ְֺˣǸС
ӵ˶һۣ֪㲻ȥֻڵվߡ
ǼУ̲סһİۣܲܲҪÿζôĥ䣿ȶҪȣսپ
űҩڶҪߴʱڰҩŵߣһ˹ˡ˽ȥ
˲䣬ζֱĵף
ְ֣ץż棬ǴӾдģһֱûóԡ
ãְֲԡӱٽ壬ҲûɥĲȥӵ졣
ǴӶͳһãֽ˭뵽첻µزµҽȻôºҩ
ʵҲûԼųҩζֿζڡ
ұ֤ϰߵġ
ǲɵúЦġ
󣬶һ䣬«έͷһһҹıɫף˿㲡
뵽ϵĿģ⻻һ·ͷҲ¼ġ
Ҫ÷ǰ˱ȥ
Ϫͷʱⲻ˱ͷȵ
Ů˺ܾûһ仰ʣ⺢զ˲أǲǸ߼˶㲻ð
׵ĹöϪί˸߼ҵӣҪϴӣҪź̫̫߾ˣ춼첻ߡ
¸׵ģû˵ʵ֣ͦõģ겻ף֪÷̻ټޣ㵱ȢǹѸ
Ůˣžͻͳˣټڹд˴СЬûԸܶ
ҸϼҴڵũѸӣֲԸ⵱ԩͷ
뵽һжǶǰǺģ廢:Ķھȥˣ
żȽ˲ӴԺҸָ֪ˡ
Ĺ򣬾ͽ˲ӴԺԺķܺңϪָ򣬡ҲȥŲߣʱҲûޡ
У߰ɣԼҵ뵽ϾҪǸТӣЩ
ͶϪֿ󣬱㳯¥Ǽƽȥ
ʱиӼסɶģҪ˭
ƽһǲӣЩ𣬡㣬Ҷǣ֡
űһϣ˭дأӺݺݵһۣʣ׵
һѶͷĺæͷԣ׵
÷ڼԺܣ̲סۣ漴һתָߣߴطˣǱ߲ǼԺ
һ㶣˵ǰǼԺ
컹죿
ԷֻǸİˣʲô˼ѡĻ
лл㰡ҿûߴ·
Ӧġ
ͶԷ󣬶תֳȥԽԽòԾкܶƽŲ̫ͨסң
кܶطǽأǰߣͻȻסȥ·он
鷳ʾһ֤ǰ
忴ǰľˣŵֱİͣңҲ֪ⲻߣҹŮģ
˭Ϊʲô߶ھҵǼ𣿡
ʣ弱һӺңҹŮжǣиŮжϪסҲǻˣ
üû뵽ǿһ۶ԷĻڱͽȷݣȻһԵʿԸߺúõ飬Ϣٷˡ
ʿС˵һʲô˵ɶȴ
ͬ־治ǻˣҪҹŮǿ֤
ϧûٸ͵Ļתˣͽվż
ʱȥϪõ֪ͨȥʱ˶ɵˣ
ֲȥôᱻߵأ
߾Ҳ˵£Ȼܲȴδ¶
ǰѶؼҵʱ򣬸ĸȴˡ
ﶼŮˣͻȻסһİ˶಻㰡һʲôл
ø̰Ѹ߾е䣬ϣܰѶԷߡ
ø߾Ϊѣ裬춼ˣ߰ɣȴպסһвҪǲģϿ԰ѷá
ֻίһϣĸûٷѣƨ¶֮࣬ǰǸӰ㱻꣬ˣҪֱۣǣඡ
ţģ

˺üˮӽůֻŻе㷢ƮԺɶţ˼զôأ߶ˣָ·ʵ̫ˣ
㻹ǵʲô𣿡
ֻһ棬Ķܼס
ûƾûݣֻˡ
ˣôûжȥأ㲻˳¾ס𣿡
Ҷ˵ˣ߰ɣԾͬ־Űˡ
Ϊˣֺݺ˼䡰ǡ
ʱѾ֪ϵϢȽϹĵĸʲô뷨
ҲԱܿ˸ߺٻ
˵ˣ÷һм£һҽԺţҲ
˵꣬תͷһԵﷱ衣˾ҪңС׵Ҫ㲻ˣû
ﷱЦʾԼͦţС
ڶ죬𴲾ͱϪ⡣
֣öǻûϰ࣬ȥɡ
˯ۣܲ⣬һû緹أܲˣɶȳ극˵ɡ
ȴϪҴȥ԰ɣ԰ӡ
ҲСû룬ˡ
ĸһ࣬öȼšٴγƽǱȥֻ·ʱȴһȺŮͬ־ס˽Ų


92 ĵ
һȺŮΧ, ḷ̌
ʶغһ˶µģɶ£
ϸһ, ƵҲզأĵǺܻ
ҲŸ͵, ÷զأ
, ڲԶˡ
ǶԼɫ, ʶ÷ģ
ʱһ㰺ͦأ˵˭Ҫ, Ҫһˡ
һȫЦˡ
׻˵вŮЩ̧, ɻû߳һ·, ֱסˡ
G, ˵˵, ˼Ҵ÷ͦҸ, ɶְ
ʲô£ҹŮ𣿡ǿǾ, ̧ˡ
ɶ̬Ȱǵ̻Ұ, ҿǷᣡ
˲ܴ, û˵Ҳܴܡ֮ǰ÷ڼԺ÷Χܹ, ҶܸͬܣһֱǸʲô˲ܸɳĹε¡
ˣ׷Ź
屻ŵֺ, ЩûѶϪҲ
㻹߹ȥһ㣡ΪŻ, ϵʯ, һ:ޣϲ
Ƕ, Ͻˡ
ص߼ʱϪѾȥϰֻ࣬ʣ̫̫ڡĸڿֻˣɫ˲³Ҳò̫ã㲻ȥСŮզֻˣ
û˼˵ֻܱѻȥϰˣҵȥ
ǿôȥǼҵıؾ֮·ﶼˣֻܵȵȥ
ְʱƵϣĸƲƲ죬Ҫ˵ȥáˣҲӶˡ
屾һ׼ĸ˵ôŭˣզˣ㲻ˣɴҹŮźţҲ˼
ĸһ㶣˲ѪӿһΪǺùŮǶżûһöǸ߼ңԸ͸Ͻ
ʱСҲŲͣ߾ûϪ飬ȻԶϪǳ¶˭ܵ
ԼҹŮһǴƷӣٸҴĥҹŮԣ˭Ҳã
ľٶŮԭأһӣĸһ˹ȥ
С̼״ɤɱ
д͸¥ھϽ߼ܡ
ʱҲɵˣֻƢһûˣ׼ĸզιȥأ
һӿˣ˰ѶƷ⼸˰æѸĸ̧ȥҽԺ
Ϫ͸߾ϵҽԺʱĸѾҡ
ĸױ߾ŭˣĲҪ㿴ֶЩʲô£и̣Ǿ飡
֮ǰ֮侭ִû֣ϪŵؿڲˣҰôˣŮͣݲڵ޸㣡
˵꣬תߣˮҪǮƵģֹס
ΪŮֻţ
һ̣رڵðǵıӽԵ
ôҲ޸߾ģǶǣ

ϵ죬αץˣֻΪԼ⣬ûԼεģǱŮ˺˵˵
СŽƵģҪΪҽ㱨𣡡
ǵôһøֻ겻
ȶϪһΰؼʱɫѺڡ
̤ɫߣȱסˡ
Ϫҿûŵóѣ߾ú˵һ£Ϊ
Ϫգ̲סǨŭôǵһμǾô𣿡
뵽ĸҽԺδϱǼûҸƢ
ɶϪڷɧϴζӰҳԿְ꣬ˣ飬һҪң
滮ú뱲ӵȶȢϱͺͶһڹŮĻ£Ĳ
ȰϪ͸߾Ͼиã³ǱȽϺҶƿӰԵ
Ϫ֪˼룬ʱź͸߾Ŀж
ߵһͶľֻңҺиðְֺͺø磬ĵˡ
һߣڼҵ춼ûȵӰ֪ԭĸԳѪҽԺأ׾Ƕ塣
Ϊ˻Ƣӻǣ͹ĺƤ
ϣԺűˡ
߳ȥţ˺˵ˣ
⼸ûʲô仯һ۾ϳڳһ˶֪ɶˣǰʮꡣ
Ƕſڷ˸ۣýݣ˼Բã治ǵ˭ҽܣ
㣡屻˫ͨ죬ҧгݵˣƤӣ֣µҲ˦Ҷ壡
ʱԺźȻһˮ÷壬Ҫ㲻ӶӶˣ²ˣ˵ֻ
屻ûʪ͸˿Ҫˣ뷢ͱǰ÷޵ˡ
Դٻ÷رᱣԼټϼ޶˶ã˱Ư˸Ƶġ
ʶᳶǣ÷
˽֣÷һƤﷱΪ䣬æԼϡ
һĻڶգüﷱ衣ҳԷԼĵط
һҲü
ϧעʧˡﷱ衾Ͷǹϵıһõġ
ٷԼζҸǽȥΪ˱ǿ񣬡Ҿ㣬۵ɶʱ㶼ҵ֣ҲңҾȥ㵥λٱ㣡
ڳ룬ǿ챻Цˣȥٱ£ʱҰǵһ˵˭ˣôѶϼ£浽гȥҲ״
촽ֻû䡣ǸҪˣ׼ȷ˵ȶǻҪ档
вֻȻȥҶϪ취
ĶӵıӰ÷е㵣ģ컹᲻һˮ
ǲͷüۺЦ裬ˮʲôѽͦ
ﷱ衵ģҲ֪ɶ˵Ǻˮմϲϴǻˣ
ţȷʵ̲ͦסЦ뿴һȴϴӡ


93 526
ҹڷߵʯ·, һ⣬Ҵҵǰߣ챻һζˡ
Һ·û˿, Ų̫Ǳ
ص߼ʱϪڼ, ߾ĸ׵Ļϴ·Ҫ, ŵһζס˱ӡ
ϪͻŮҲһķӦ״:÷ˮĸϻбӦ
߾ü, Ƿż˾ûһˡ
ԶͷǴкȻˡ
ߺ, Ůûͺأ
Ϫ˵ûУ漴˵, һˣȥϴϴɣ
¥ÿÿֺС, еطϴ, ֻһͰˮȥëϴ, ϵζȴԽԽ, Ǻڵӻ, ɰˣ
÷ˮǳϽ, ʱһһ, رˡԼĳ, Ժϵĺڵ
ٳûûϴ꣬Ϫ̲סʣ֣ϴû˯ˡ
·סطӦÿʲô, ڷϴ·˳
谵ĵƹ, Ϫźڰ׽ûιȥ
, ôϴվӿ, ̫ˣ
üͷСһҲһִ̧˴ɫգ겻
֣ŪˣˣȾϣҪϴϴϵĳζôа
ͷţζĻС
ӦԼǱԷˣɫϣݺ˵:÷ģҵţ
ζȾ϶ȥֻʱڸ߼Ҳݡ
ÿθ߾ڳһųµĸоöǱΪŮĻֻܼš
ڶǼҵԺ
ﷱ衹ĵűڸǱıΪ˸лЩǵ·ƽһӱȥ˴¡
Ҽˣæʣ׵û⼸զûأ
ǰѱָңЦŻش˭֪أ˸λӡ
һЦʾ´ټһŵƨ
걬Ǳ÷е䣬Сʵ:˵嵽ûߣ⼸զûأҵڶˮ׼üˣٷȥǲմϴˡ
ǱһЦУ쵹ɣ˲ˡ
զ֪ǲɶˣ
ûУֻԤ
ʱھҽԺ
ĸ̧ΡΡֽץס߾ĸ첲Ϫ顣
ǿˣϪǸɨǣԴȢ֮󣬸߼Ҿûͣ
߾Ϊѵؿĸףû̴ӦҲ֪ǽųýҪ̽̽Ŀڷ
û֮ǰԣĸο֮಻ѵųú˵Ǹ˲ġ
֮󣬸߾ֱͦڿɳϣϪ顣
Ը񲻺ϣ˫ͥì̫ࡣ
˵ֱӰѶϪЦˣƵźǣ˵飬
Ҳͻıʸˡ
ҹŮôԿͣһԲ㣿ҲУҸĽͣȻǲͬ⣡
߾ٰѶԷ˿˵Ҳͱÿɺܶ࣬иϲĵиƵذȵã̱Щ𣿡
ÿÿЩףȴ⸱ģ
ĲϪըˣǼܶ˵£ߵһ
ǽܵģ֪Ҫ飬˵ô룿
вø߾ѵųΪ˹Ȩı˽£ھͿԸ㣬ܣҲѹң
ϪΪẦ£ȴõۣڲĵʹ£ڶѧУûȥֱҵѵҪԭ
տĲٳϣʿһܲһߺĿںš
ˣǹЦȥ
ǿ󣬶Ϫֻһ۱Ųߡ
ʲô£
Ϫ⼸߾ǲҹ㣿
š
ˣЩļ֪Ҫ£
֪˵ġ
ϪĲ³ͬ飿
ʣ¶һЦЦı飬ʲô°ΪʲôͬⰡ
ңҲ飬ܲܰң۵׻һĨˣϣԷǰԼӦ
ô㣿߾Ǹ˼˶ľżҲû취
Ѿ˵ϣϪ֪ԼҲûá
֮ǰ˽һ⣬ǲ֪Ǽðģ
Ц⣬ҧӦǸˣʲô캦£ϣԺǰƣȻпܱڹûҡ
ϪԴ˵һ£˲ҲĳЩ鲢żȻ㲻͸߾飬Ҳкý
ȥ֮ʹͬ飬ɸ߾
öܲ⣬ȵ˶զأҪǴȥñĭҸ߾˵˵ˡ
֣ûõģֻ뾡뿪ǻǰɡ
Уһ÷أ㲻飡
鷳ˣ㶷ġûӣǻнţǸﲻ
Ϫ˵ԭ򣬶û˵ˡ
֮󣬼Ժﴫ߾ϢϪ֮Ŷ뿪˺
ʱһл𳵣Ȳǰš
죬Ӻܽơ
Ȼû˵ǻظоˡΪΪ˲ŻˣǱŻͷŹǣͷ
Щȫ˺üȻû˿ġ
526һ졣
𴲺һֱŶǿֱ﷢ëرҪϲ̸һ̸
⼸쵽ôˣΪ𣿡
ǡͷȻʣڼҡ
ϸɲͻճ˾öǺܲӦôΪʲô㣿
ƣ뿴㡣
ôĻ˻Ƥ񣬶ֱۣЩ㲻һ٣ĩڽûˡ
û£ۼҲȱǮ
ѵüˣСӣھȫһΣ첻ϰ
ӦĬĬ˿
ǰǸϱӵΣܶϸչ֡
ͱӵʱ526աѾ1977꣬˵ӵȥʱѹȥΪʲôλҪѣ
ܾԤҵġ
Ҫ߾ȫܿ죬ֻԼߣܰġ
ϰҲǺУϰῪʼˢ⣬һԿŲÿ﷦ζ
ҪҪȥ㺢ǷǦʣΪΣڣû취о
Ҵŵˣ
ǻһ˼:˵أ
û򵽣Ȼﲻ뿪
ҸôЩϰѾϰˣٿӦúġ
һ⣬ͷðҲأ£Ҹұֽ
ӾؿֻϣһܿЩȥ


94 ܷɾ
ӵ, дҲȻķֻʣ¡ˢˢˢд
һݵĿòȫܡ
ʱ, ÿ˱һֻСè͵͵䣬ĸѧϰ, û, Ȼˡ
˵ѧϰʱܽ𣿡
мԼ¶ˣæվСǰҪáΪֻҪְõס, ְͿˡ
裬ȥɳӺ𣿡òڼ, Ҳš
ǵС˼ǸӦͱֹ, ϰ⻹ûʼ, ԼȥԺ, 첻ȥˡ
Ҳȥ
׸ð, Ҳ, ȫ
, ˽ܳԴҩˡ
һȥ, ȫ, Ӻ, һƽʱĴȸ
ɣдҵһʵòã
ֻǰһ, ҲȤʵ:ʲôʵ飿
ʱ, , ȳȥ, Ⱥúдҵ
ţԹԵġûһĹһ̵ܵˡ
ǳļ⣬ϰⶼ꣬ѾǰСʱԺ
߳ʱкССѵȴá
Ժӿǰ滹ڷľͺڰ塣ںԱ£ڴҵڴ£óľϡ
Ǻ̽ͷֻ۱㿴Ҫˡ
ְ֣ʲôѽСָϵ룬ԲԲ۾ﾡ档
аѵǰŲŲ¿ò
´ﵹˮȻһöӲǣǾðˮ𣿡
С˫ܴػش˶û˼
ȴֱط˵ˮǲȥ棡
ЦӲӽˮģ˲ס
м״̧°ͣ㿴ɡ˵
ְ֣ǸСô磬ʵ顣
áӰӲҴˮٰ̳ŽȥʵģҲˮס
²Ӳпܻḡ𣿡
и߸߾֣ܣոնȥˣÿˣ
Сȴüͷûش˺þҲûİ취
ְ֣벻
ԤڵЧѾﵽӲٹŪ飬̳룬Դ˵ǿҽҪ£һΣһҪ濴
ӰĿͶʱ۳LСߣסӲңˮУ볷ߺ󡭡
һΣӲҾȻû
ǵɴ۾ˣ
ְ֣ΪʲôƮ
ְ֣Ҳԣ
ôȤӰѿѧԭһ顣
ԭûйߵİӲҺˮʱƽ⣬ˮıƻӲҾͻˮסʹLСʱƽ£ˮסӲҾƮˮˡ
кСüΪ棬ѧЩҲʼʵ顣
ʱ䣬ӵĴʵ飬ֺ
һԿžúܺ棬Ҳ뵽ǵУһ档
ʱúܿ죬תǰ
÷һ㣬ζر㡣
ʱһαֹˡ
㳢ҲͦóԡΪвˣüûһ˿Ȼ
̧̲סʣô£ô㶼ã
ûСȻϣͷԷ˵ڼֻҪǼ㣬ᱻһ
Է޻÷ﷱֻװԷر㣡
ǲԾ¿ˮڲټһ
ҪֹȴѾֻһŵʣôûб
ǳһģոջı͡
ֲСȻᱻΪţ쳤ͷ
˯ǰ§סʹ˼ʳ滰ĿһǣȻʣǲӦø࣬ΪʲôŲҳȥ
еһУӴûӣǺǣûʲôֻ࣬ЩС
ɶǸ˵ǣƽֻҪС֣˾ͻᳯ˹ȴûôʵܷ
˯ɣ컹ҪϰࡣĶͷźܽ
ʮϵصͷŨŨٲ²
һ˵ע˯ˡ
ֱӱϵʱͷȫָʮ㣬Ű˯
ĩǱߴϢʵľɲԽ׶ΣԻؾˡ
һúʵĳԻ뿪Ҫ
⼸˭һ޾ɵӣֻᵽз۾￴ʡ
ﷱ衶״̬Ѽֲ֣ǲûи谲οֻϿߡ
Ϊ裬÷һֱܺáؾУԷʱûζΪ˺ܶС̲˺ƿϺ
Ϻܼ򵥣ÿһ㣬ƿԳԺܾãԹһӦû⡣
ʱ¼ȥϺùϡ
ΪﰲӪկü꣬޷ߵĶкܶ࣬Լùַ͸Сǣְƽʱľģ͸С
ӿЩȫ˷ܡУģͰ֣Եһ˾ѧϰԺҲҪһʦ
ˣ¶õЦݣ˵ˣҼнһʵԸġ

ΪףԳɹԼҪ뿪
Ϊ׼˺ʢ硣
ӵ˻ûȬȻںҩһʳֻһ߸ɿš
Ϊ̫÷ͺĺ⡣
ڲϣƱпԼλؾ˵׼Ҫϡ
ҪһԺûôˡ
ĻидԴ˸Сֻж֪ٹ¹ҽҪָ߿ﷱҲָԭְھؾָտɴ
Լ˵ôֻ࣬жһûûЦģװʲô̬Ȱѵһ㶼ģ
סЦ⣬˲ҲŲģԺû˸зԣ붼ˬ
ˣƱһתףǰƽԺΪľʦ
ҲŶƱ׷˵˼黰
Ժޱ֣ÿ˵нǸпǧ
л˵
ע:ѧСʵ֪ʶ硶ƮӲҡ


95 ߿
յ, ϲԺѧϰѼ³űϣٷα, ָо⼫ˣ
ÿ춼ﱨѧϰһСʱ뿪ʮһ, Ѿѧȫγ, ÿβԶ֡
Ϊ˶ر棬ָ߿, Сӿϴѧѡʲôרҵһ߳һʵԿѧѧʲôרҵ
ͺ̸, һõĴ𰸶:뵱ѧҡ
ɻȴ촽һֱû˵һʣС, أ
ǲü, شǾѧСһԼӰδרҵ
˼һδΪˣʲôģ
ü, Ŀʼ˼Ѿʮһ, С, 뱣үү, ֶջСһ, Ը, Ըÿʲôרҵأ
ã
û, Լ:ܿѧүүϾ˵뷨ҪСӳԶһЩ
ʱ, Ӷ㣬ȴطֶ˵ģ
ֿ
, Щҩʹͷ׳ԡЦ, ӷŵ, Ȼȫֻ֡
ȶǻҪڡһվΪ˴սֻ֡
壬ֺˣ
ܻҪһ²ȫáҽֵҪܸߣĿǰָ״̬ԶԶ
ȻЩʧϣʧʮܹջָָܻѧҽζҪκã
עѧҽԵºӵֳ׿ˣ
ȣָǰҵĿģȴѵľ
еʮ£һָ߿ζӻμӸ߿뿪ȥϰ࣬ӴԺǽҪط־ӵ
Ļ棬ĵŨŨĲᡣ
ǻϲõв֪ķգ˵ĸ첲Ц׼ʲôʱϰࣿ
ǿ˳ǣͲܼң
գһ½ëϰˣ
ǿģڼҴ㲻𣿡
ġ
ͷһұȽϲȰˡ
ðɣһȥϰࡣ
û죬»صλ˴۾
һ죬˺¶˸ı䡣
ϰ಻ãﷱҲӵ֪ͨҪָԭְ
ԭǾڣȥѧУְַᡣסְûסСԺ÷󣬾ؾԺӵƽס
÷ôҲû뵽Լ˻ܵһѽڷˣһϲãԺŮǰһĲֵ
ʮĸŮ˴δֿ䲻Ҫָأ÷ÿ춼ҪһֻȰѹû׼Ҿͻָ߿ˡ
⻰ûаοҪһǸﷱɣҸ᲻㡣
úůģֹ:УҪôҰַǺҲɣ
ڶȰ˵֮£÷Ĩﷱ̤ȥеĻ𳵡
ǰϳۺ⣬Ȼ֪֮ͻط꣬յĺȻвᡣ
ļ谲οҲܡٹҲгֻʣһ¼ҹˡ
ϻĸĶǼҡ÷ڣǸоһ롣ǸԽߣȴرǿҡ
1977ʮĩﴫϲѶжʮĸ߿ƶڻָˡ
֪ʶϲһʱ֮ų
һ죬Ǯ¿ܺڵûǵĻúÿ飬ڻָ߿ҪμӣȴһƬհס
еɸ֣˵֪ʶıˣƫʲôã
ϴѧרҲаСǣҰɡǮҡֱջǰѶҡˡ
Ұ㻭Щص㣬ܲܳɣɡ
ţлл㡫
Ǯǿϰµڰһ£ÿ춼ﱨһϰΡ
֮⣬ʦıҲС
ÿůķһŵͷˢ⣬кСҲűӰԱ߻
ҵӵģƤӵ£Ϲ졣
һĶÿ˵Ƿ
߿ʱ䶨ʮ·ݣԵص«έСѧȫУѧż٣Ϊ˸Ư衱͸СֶմһС£ﻹС죬дšʤ֣ɰΧȫЦˡ
кСǿһݡ
վһԣרעĬĬģñס
ʱڿҡ
Ƕٺ󣬿ʼеĵһݴ
ǻʮһθ߿ر࣬µʮĺϵʮĳˣ޲θ߿ıˡ
ͶͬһҵĻл磬һСһ˿ţҲܿ죬࿼ʦˣòǸš
ǮºͰһһͷһü˼òҪʱϴ
«έСѧ벿ӴԺܽ緹£ԶȫȨ
ԴӼޣԶĳҲżһģ
ӵľ״̬ǿŸ˵أҲûô
ǮһͶǶԴ𰸡뵽Իһʱ䣬ֱӾܾӰ쿼飬ǻǵ쿼ٶ԰ɡ
Ǯ¾úеͷ
ҳԷʱԵӣһ㶼ҿô
˲ͷüЦͬůڣŬôãһлر
ˣǹǳЦ
Ŀԣ˶ú˳Ǯ¶Թ𰸺ԼúУ˲ĸóԳԸúȺȣָֻɡ
Ҳ˴𰸣ҸоãԽˣˣ
ֻû죬͵õ֪ͨ׸ϴѧȥԲڼҵӡ
ѡרҵã׶ΡӵδģʮһѣδڡΨһĵԸ̫۴̶õѡѡרҵѡȤġ
˼󣬻ѡĻе̡
ǶԼĿԳɼģȻѡ񾩴ľѧ
ȴѧ¼ȡ֪ͨģڼ÷촬һͨ绰Ҫѯʶǿô˵ûŰġ
զģǸǸ㣿
΢΢һԼûɷ¡
÷۵绰ѣæӿ˵ҪطֿǧɶᰡⱲֻ׼һŮʲô۶ӡ
˵㡰žһҶϵ绰ʮָɾ䡣
ǣ
ϻصңĲһ׼һ꽻
ӻصҿһӲʱ΢üëʣʲô𣿡
ǰڷźãЦúᣬǸӣ˵¶ܳɡأǱ߳Աİɡ
кСҲʮڣһְŲӣһְֵë
Щ̫ӦҲŷë


96 ѧ
һĿΧڲǰ, ΪӼһŽ
쳢ô͵ĽĲ
ӼŽе
, 
Ҳ׷ʢԣ̵, úóԣ
Ϊ, һŵ˽û³
ϲرĲ, ȴѲԼӣ
ӣ˵ѻ˱ǳԡ
û˵, ȷӷĿӸʽĳȴּһֱ
ȻúóԾͶһɡ
Ǽôְ, Ҳ׷Ч¡ûһĹ, ӵﱻĿ⡣
Ǹ޿, ǱһЦ, һ䡰á
òװȥ, ʵ㲻Ҫ˵, ʲô£
Ц, ˼ίʵ˵ҪĿϴѧ, ôѽ᲻úӺ㡣
˱һ仰˵鴥, 𱡴һ˿ʣҲ᲻㡣
ôӦ, ĪЩأȻͦ
ź뿪, Ǻܹµ
ֵʱ, ˵֪벻, 濼ϴѧһȥаɣһʱȥǵġ
ӡãס֣۵׾ھΣ̫˽ˡ
ûߣ޷ѧϰ
ֻھֻάһҹڶϣóһֽǰЦϴһ
ˣѧҪ꣬Ҫһֱط־ӵΪýЩպìܣд˼ע㿴ɡ
Ӹϴͷ޽ǻˮֽĶ̧ͷԼҵģûн𣿡
һ˼ӿ·ĻǴ治
ô˼ලȻҪԼû˼ලûйزɷԲ
ӿٿֽЩֱЦˡ
Ҳ֪ǱЦǶЦġ
䣬ѧУ¼ȡ֪ͨһƬƬѩƮȫء
Ǽ˵Уյ֪ͨľȻǰǵһʦѧУ¼ȡ˶۾
ֻʦеϻοöǼ̳²ˣ£
̫ѧǱȥӣûѧɣǽ֪ͨˡ
û죬ǮҲӵ֪ͨ飬Ԥڵһר¼ȡ촬ȻĹλѧɹԼϰࡣ
촬ҲĴǱˡȴѧҵǰʮиȥʵ֡
ͻ֪ͨյġһǾһǵĳɼԺ˺䶯
˭뵽ǸεεСϱȻܿϾôõѧУ
л磬˾ӣʮһͳƴѧѧǶĽĽģ
ĳɼѻֻˣ¼ȡ֪ͨ鱻һһ飬ͲûѸ
˵Ҫ͡Ư衱ȥУСֶջһ޵ǽ˺ѷΣҪȥ˭ȰҲ
ûĺֻ֣Ӧÿ꺮ٻȥС
ΣСֶֻʵӦ
һĴڣǺӾȥй˳¼Ҳһ¡
Ժӷ࣬طʱ԰˫˶ӹһסұ˴˻иӦ
ٳǰ˾ŻŰݷá˼ҵһĨ飬ϣھܶԻչˡ
ʵŻС򣬶ھи÷䣬˾ڣҲչġ
ʮ죬һĿ̤ȥеĻ𳵡
ͬǴòôණԶͰ׸æ
̨ϣǮ½Ŷǲ֣۾ֻӣСǣԲҲܿȥиöãͲøֿˡ
ĺ󱳣̿Ҫضһ꣬ھе㣿
Ǯ¶֣Ǽˣ˰ɣٿܿϡ
ʦһܲЦˡΪС˵ķΧ·𱻳嵭ࡣ
Ǻǻָ̤˻𳵡
гһ̣ҲζһȫµҪչ
ﾩеĵڶ죬ǺӰѺӷڼүտȻһȥĺԺ
տӵϷ޼ˣæԿ׹黹ǡ
ͬ־˵㿼ϴѧˣϲѽⷿǿˮأرˣ
ͷӸ˵⽨һףĸ첲զɶ˵һ㶼ӡ
̫̫һۣСͬ־ֲˣܱܲ߶
ǶǵӡһֱܺãЦųϣ˵öԣʶô꣬Ҳˡ
̫̫ô˵ΧתתΧھӶʲôˡ
Ϊǵķӿ꣬ȴһֱ˿ţΧסҲܺҲܼʡ
аԵ˱˹GԺӵ˰ɣùƯģʲô˰
ԭĺԺˣӰģǲе飬ҲϹ˵ЦЦ˵Լ̫ѯ֮˸ûȤ
ߺ̫̫߶ǣոհŽаײҪȻɶܴð
Ҳиŵŵ㣬ǾϢͨɶ¼ֻ֪Ҫϸôͻ֪¶㡣
ǼˣԱʱ֮衣
ͬߣǴԺеԺסüʮ˼ңȵ°ʱ쳣֡
תһȦ󣬶Ƕһ򵥵˽⣬ǲ¼ҡ
Ժӣܶ෿䶼ǿõģһŰֽһƽͼ
ҪһҺһ鷿үӺĸҲһټһ鷿⻹Ҫ׼һ·
ӽѾˣõַ˯ʱǸһټһ鷿ѧϰ֮⻹Ҫ׼䣬ôһ㣬Ǽҷӵռʻͦߡ
ʣµķ䣬ʱû뵽ҪǸʲô
ô෿Ҫãæӡǰ˸ľʦȥٻ¥ת˺üȦ
ǻǮ
ʮľĲãĺԺķڳɹ֪ͨ÷:ѾС
˵͵ˣɰ÷ˣզϵңͰ͵صžɵӣ
л˵


97 ĺԺ
ĸ׵, Цģϴ̬ã÷ŭͬ޻ϸʹ
ԼóϦ糿гſڼ, ʱһꡣ
Ҷϵ绰󣬶߳鷿, үɳϿ, Ӧ̨ӻŶԣȻûмƵ, Ƕ
ڶ죬ȥ˰ٻ¥, ӻƱ˴Сﻻġ˵ǿϾǰ﷢СҲܾ, ׷ױʾȹ֮λ׼ѧԷ
, ٻ¥ĵӻǺڰ׻, 12Ҫ400Ǯ, ķС, 17ļ۸700Ǯҡ
ԼڿǸԪ, ûǫ̈700Ǯġ
ٽǰٻ¥æʱ, ӪҵԱΪæµ̬Ⱦͻ᲻զ, Ǻһֱվڵӻǰ, Թȥˡ
ʱҪ̨ĵӻ̻һףЦ߹, ͬ־ȷҪ̨ӻ
ȷ, һ̨ûĵӻ
, ӪҵԱЦеؿ, 鷳ͬ־ȥȸǮҴȥⷿ
ͷһ㶼˹ܼĻӿ涵ûǮ΢һ£תͷԶ˵ǮҰɣȥ
ţáǴӰͳǮƱֱӷʣµȥ㻨ɣ̫ʡ
ⱾǷƽʱϰΪĶԻӪҵԱĶȴ˴ԡ
ûӻȨûвȨ˧СŮɣ
ͦÿ˲Ӳ
ӽûװ˿ݣǸˣӪҵԱ̬Ҳûᡣ
Ƚص̨ͶǸӪҵԱȥǺӪҵԱǰ棬ʱӪҵԱСGŮɣվһ䣡
ǲüΪʲô뷨
ŮǾͨ޹ϵ
شӪҵԱܳԾ㲻һ¾ͰѵӻˣؼҲ
߰ٿǮ൱һ˵깤ʣ˵˵Ƣöð
˵ǻͷһˣ̲סӪҵԱȤ˵ϲְǮŮˡ
ᣬһ˿ƤӪҵԱΪ棬̾ĺʵ
ӻǰŵļճϣϼʻʣȥĶ
ȥĺԺɡ
ţá
ƽȵʻţ뵽ոյĶԻг:Ů㲻𣿡
ʱŮ൱УȥĶ˵Ϳһۣ֮ӣ֪ʵ뷨
ֻǿɨһգν浱ŮҲǲԡ
㺢Ҳν
ţν
һ̣ǻĶһ˼
תһ룬Լգ˰ɡ
صĺԺǰѵӻװݣְÿ²һ뿪
ǳϦˣһԲա
ڶ峿Ǻгſڣ÷ﷱѵ
ˣ÷ҿ¶һʧı飬кأôֻ
ûĸףԭͦģɶԷû¶ģ裬㶼𣿼涼ҹúòã˯㲻㡭
÷һֵۣöԲˣǲӦ˯һŶԣ
ԷôѰǹò˵ˡ
˼״ԶԶģ˭ûϹ͡
гũóгƽʱ˺ܶ࣬䵽˹⼸죬ߣп
ȻСǺ«ܣһײǣҿ÷ۼֿסûˤӡ
ɶܣҴǲǣ
ǼôףϽһȫˡ
裬Һáĸ첲һŽ
÷ڵ춹ģҲǸԼһ̨£еҲƽˣ²Ϊ
ţģҾԲôˡΪ˱ʾĳϣǻָģĬĬ˿
гһȦණͷ߲˺ݶҪƾ޹÷ںӣԺ㹻ɶ˾ɶˣѼر𷽱㡣
뷨ҲֻԺлιѣڵ֪㡣
ҰõĶ뼪ճϳֱʻԶ÷ŷ·ߺ̫ԡ
ǲȥүĶأ
ʱ򣬶ǲŸ÷˵ʵ裬Ϊ˸Ұһϲǵ˵ط֪ˡ
÷ôʣǶû˵İؽеס
ܿ죬һͬͣ¡
³ߣվһĺԺǰ÷̧ͷׯϵʯʨӣǺĺţ¿
ŮĶ
裬㻹ǵھеķӲǷӡ
ⷿҲ̫˰ɣס಻ȫֻԺǽ÷ж
ȷȫҾҰҲסûܰҿӡ
Цƿţӳ[񳯷]ıӰ
ﷱ衴ӻóһŴϸţ۵ײɵ¶֮ɫ
ٳٲط÷߹ȥסĸ첲ߴٵ߰ɣ뿴ɶʱܿﶼõżˣ
ﷱջĿ⣬һǰߡ
ѽѽ÷ʮּһ䶫ǰľˣ
ʮ껹ûôķӡ
Ǽң
ĿɿڴӣЦѽ㿴տ̫ȫˣûҰţһȺ滹е㺦¡
÷޷԰Σʶﷱ衣Էֻǵʾסﶼν
ʱкСֱܳ÷ﷱ衵ĻĽСѣү
ֱ˵Ķлˡ
Թԡˣ
үҲǣ
˵ף⸱ɱȸոպͶطʱаˡ
ƲƲ죬²ۼ䣬⸱СģӿͷԱο
ǵһһ꣬ҹ׼൱ḻ
ůķﷱү壬źԺЦܡ
һֻ󹫼ˮʼëǺ÷ժ˺ϴˡ
һ߸ɻһ˽
һʱæϦܻؼҡ÷һ̫µˣѧУŮͬѧ࣬ϣܸܸ
ʵܺҶ󣬵ȫĶڹϣֻӦæѰңܲܳɻҪˣ֤ˡ
УֻҪӴС÷꣬ͻȻ뵽һ£ˣǰʱ񿴼Ǯˣ㻹ǵۼǰھӣ
ǵðھﰡǶǮҵӡ̣Ҳ֪ɷ򵽵û飿
ֻһ˾ûӰˣҲ֪úòá÷ദòϵϣҲһԵ֡
GҼǵдզûϵˣ
ᵽҲƣҽһعţûϢˣû뵽ھС
һ˿󣬶ᵽĻ⣬裬㿴Ұѷ䶼ʰˣɡ
л˵


98 ׶԰
ո÷Щ, ˵ʵð
ⱲӶûסôõķӣûӦʾҪٸﷱһ¡
Ҳûٴ, Ǵתƻ⡣
һڷүֺﷱһڰ, ˵ԼеϢ
ﷱ衰ͻݺ, ȥ˳Ҷڸɻ, Ҳ˼͵УʲôǸģ¿
, ɣȥ濴Ӱѹʰôˡ
Ǻɫ˳, ̸ռ䡣
뿪, ÷Ĳ, , Сǰᵽס, 㵽զģ
, ﷱ衲ü, ۼҵ˵, Ȼġ
ѽƶ, ˵أ÷üͷԿڷıԵ
⸱飬ﷱæӦ, ˵ҲģΪʲôͲأ
סѧְʱ, ÷ǿ, Щڱƶ, ȴһǡ
һﷱҲĹͷôסŮôķѣ
÷ʵ뷨ﷱ衹ЦˬʵЦЦһͷˮ
Цʲôѽϣҿǹ۲úϸ
ﷱŬЦ̾һ㰡㣬ǽôã㶼ûҾһˣŮסס£оһŽʷ̣̫Ưˡ
ģ÷Щš
ģϣס
ѣ÷˾
һҹΧһҹ˵Цӭ1978ĵһѩ
ѩƮƮһҹڶţȥããһƬ
վʯϣͦſʼʫ⣬ǧ⣬ѩƮ
÷һѩվôΣգȥקͱָסˣȥСӱò
ʱﷱ衺үҲ˹ǻԲʫ¶һĨͺ;ޡ
б꣬͸һҵܲ˼ͷ
ʯˤ÷ϽȥӦѣ´βôΣյ¶һˤƨɱ׼꣡
бŵõԲ۾ƨɣʶոպΣգæܵǰѰο
Уʫ˭ģ
֮ǰҶ̫Сû̹ʫ⺢ǴĶѧģ
ġ軳͸ոǸ緢ˡ
öȻ֣⺢Ӻͦб츳
ѧʫٱе̶ֳѾˣﷱʣ㻹벻ѧʫ裬үԽǡ
ƽ͵ͷӦˣοԺѩȴԥˡ
һʣүܲܶѸѩ֮ѧ
ӵԻΪﷱûǿһȥСǣ׼Ƕһʷѩˡ
ԶȥӰ÷Լľ߸֪Һˣ³ʮͰʱǰڼﻹȥ׶԰Լ
֮ǰǾѾˡǱҪ׶԰ֻܶǵ̡
ȥ׶԰ʱûǺá
죬ڱ˵Ļµ˾ǡ
Ϊ׼ķʱһů
ллС̡
ļ˵ԺļңܿĻѹҪ˵֪𣿡
ͷӦú档
кСǼˣرģСø籧ٸ߸ߣûݣ
磬Ǻ㡫
紹ĵ׸ů÷̣Ҳǡ
ֻһͰˣʵҸһһôˣ
ʱ䣬ЩȳסңСֶչ˵úܾģоֻܰЩｻСֶպͻ˾
˵ǶͦãСЦرá
۵ʱǺܶݣԪڹӲò̤ϻ«έĻ𳵡
ְ֪ҪߣӴһôҶܡ
ΪúǽԼҪ뿪Ϣֻ֮֮ܺ顣
ǿںϵļʱûչˣ͸ÿˣԪҲѹû׼ΪǶеЩҲڵȰְֻȥβԱǲޣȰְ´һǴϲԵĿƬ
ڳҲǽʵΪְ֪رûУ
֪Ǹ޵ӢۣҪȥ磡ǾҪϺȣ
ǲˣ˶һǵվֻޱӣȥͱġ
˲̨߽͵ĸоĵӡ
ǰһݸ޵ĳ嶯һЩԵģҪǵõڻϳؼԺҲҪ׼ʱԷԼһסҲŪ
ӵͷӦ£𱡴û˵뵽´μҲ֪ʲôʱĶͷһǣҲһչ˺Լҵġ
ʱ㲥ҪϢٴգѵˮ֮䣬ͷҲص˳
ĶҴҶȥıӰ̲¡
֪:˴˿Ҳۺⲻȥ
˸Уһڲűʱ嵭ٽѧǰʰ鿪ʼΪ׶԰
ĿǰѡһǾ׶԰ֻҪְĺӶͽȥ
ŵǻʳ˵ð¡ȱұȽԶÿǷѧĵһ¾ǽӺӣȻһؼҡ
һ׶԰ĺԺëĳģоͽѧҲԽա
ŵҽʱȽȱǻʳ̫ãҲ֪֪ס
ڶǵ˼£Ӷ׶԰
ΪǶ׶԰Ȥѧǰһڣÿǽ˯ǰ£ȫΧ׶԰ϡ
ǳϣԼҲеһѧٽύСѡ
ʱˣһ죬һһ̣ͽ׶԰
ǣӸսȥֶӽܳ޿衣
ΣֻǽңкСǼ費ߣſʼѧϰ
һڿΣȶʦöǳÿμ䷢ʳʱϽ뿪
ǵ͹˺ǵļСʳٻͷ費ˣޣʳˡ
пޣҲޣСѼ״Ҳſޣһʱ֮ҿ޺һƬϵϲȵŵ÷ˡ
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ע:⣬ǧ⣬ѩƮȡΰ˵ʫ԰ѩ


99 
ڽûԶ, ͸۲̵һһ
Ȼﴫһﶯ֣СѶֹͣ, 
׶԰ʦַ١кСǲˣվһŰ뿪
ص, ÷æӭǰĵզӦ
, տʼһˡ
÷, Ҳ֪ǳɳıؾ̡Ϊ˲Լ˼룬ɨҪɨ, ŵԺɨɾҲҪЩ
Ǽ״ɨ, , 㲻ǴӦҪȥ, С
±˵, 뻨ǮɨԺӡʱ, , С, ɨ, к󡣡
ʮ, һǿеݣǺԥذɨѽ, صļ˵:ͽˣɨɨ˲̫, ۵Լ
, á˽еɨ, üȾһĨãӶɨѿʼɨÿһɨرϸ
ʱǻصǰóֱʺֽдš
Ҫᵽ˺׶԰ȻЩϢڵ绰ǵ籨нżķʽ¼
ȽˣٻͷЩţһĻ䡣
˰ǻһȥӱǷѧ
±ָ˺ð׼ųš
׶԰СǶųһʦУš
кСһ¶վУǵһ˲䣬ı̱õЦȡ
裡
裡
аУſܣֻ·ͱʦ˻ȥ
СҪһѧܵġ
ʦĻӱ죬ԹԻص鵱ûټܡ
ԶԶţζӳ¡
ֱʦСУ⣬ǲ˷ܵˡ
裬Һ㣡
裬
뻳º͵Ц׶԰ģ
ģͷػش
öǺ⣬ҲҪ׶԰òã
뵽ôСһϷܳ裬кСͷãϲ׶԰
ǲųѧǳһ
£еѾů
Ǻͻѧżһһ
ѧһ죬ӭվ֮ͬѧĴ£ȥѧᡣ
ÿŴλֻпſںͿǿõġ
Ů߽ЦŴкҲòһЦ
λѡһ°ɣʣһûסԷ
ɨλԥһ˲ѡ˿̡
ѾѡôλŮʼһſմϵڶ
ûȥᣬǰѱóŵԼϣٲ/ӿʼ̴
ʱŮ:ϵģѧʲôģ
ѧǰѴ̺ã/ϰȫ˵:ҽжǣܸʶǡ
ġ
ҽǱôֻô
ţǱˣסУ⣬ûôණ
ô˵ֻǾһ˲ûֱ뿪Ҳûѳ֡
¿ѧÿ춼æµﷱ۵ͺӵΣԴ˶Ǹжöˡ
û취̫æ̫æˡ
æûʱдš
Һãÿµһι̶绰״򲻶ġ
ÿʱкСǶܿģΪǿְֵ
һ죬ǴԼʾִ绰Ͳ˺ܾҲû˽
״ǵһηɵЩģǵԭشһټ򡣺ȻСǱסĴȣͰ͵:裬ְǲǲҪˣ
ǵͷЩ̫ŮΪʲô뷨
ԹԣΪʲôôʣ
ǰСİְ־ͲҪˡ
СС½ĺѣĸȥٻӵүү̼Ҳˡ
ͷ˵ְǸˣԶǡ
仰Сչ¶Цգ:Ҳְ֡
ʱԵĵ绰𻶿
ϽɿĴȥӵ绰ȴȡ
ְְ֣֣ôӵ绰
绰һͷЦְʱйûӵ绰Բ𡣡
Ŷû£ÿˣǸް
ǰްѵ绰ңҪͰְ˵СǾ죬һξøᡣ
ˣͲȻתԶ˵裬ְûҪǣġ
:
绰˫շѣһͨ;绰ʱпܰ¹ûˡ
ԪȽϵȱʧĸ㻰Ѳʲô
֪Ůֲ⻰Ѿ͸ʡ
ֱСĹˣŰͲǣ˵Ҫ˵Ȼ绰ѹ󡣡

ʱЩЦãӹ绰ӿ١
ոǹϵ£
ţʱи֢
𣿡
ãǺ㡣
˵ᣬ͸绰ߴﻹżԸУǺŶ૵Ҳ㡣
Ѿûˡ
¸ȥǡ
ʱ𣿡ǽסͲĵ׳ڴ
취еġ
֪ƽʱæǲΪļܣֱӷ񶨵ǵǻȥɣµʱ䣬ܿ͵ˡ
ӻ˵ЩʲôȴĪϣ죬ôˣȫȥУүүܺã춼ȥ԰أ㲻õġ绰ѹʲô¼ǵøҷ籨ȹˡ
žһͲæ
Ŀǰûкö໰û˵ڣǰӴ绰ʱġ
ˡ
ڵ绰һͷظԼ绰ҵüʱȻ»زȥˡ
涵ֻʮǮԽԽˣʮǮס
ؼҵ·ϣָ·¿裬Ǹ
տҲĿ涵ޱ˵ʵ飬ֻʮǮոն绰ˣʵûǮǸ
ڳԵķ棬ûܾǵҪһԴ˲ˣֵӰį
ǰ⸱ӿ̾
:ȻǸԪһֱɽҲǸ취ǲǸ취ЩǮ
Сǿ˵ı飬棬ڶ׶԰С˵¡
֪Ҹ¿趼ˡѹںæ˵Ҹôأ
СҲǸеĺӣС˼˺ܾò뵽һ⣬˵ҩǮһҩаɡ
СǰһⲻҪôѽҩУ
ֻĺӽͷӶð죬һƻ
ĩһ죬ѵϢڼңֻú˯
ֻ˯һͱ÷ˣȥɣۼҳˣ
Ǳĵһ飬Ͻӿôˣɶ°
ȥ֪ˣģ
鼱֮£æ·ߣֻԺһӲֽǺͰֽһ׳ۡ
ûʲôɻʵǸģôˣ


100 ƴ
ô, ÷¶һѾı飬ﷱվԱЦֻ
÷ݺݵһۣ漴Զ˵:СǸզ°, ЩŪġ
Сվֽԣ·дż:
, ܺҩ, ׬ööǮǾǮԵ
ǴԭأĴЩת, ׬ʲôǮôûأ
÷ʵڿȥż͵СΪûǮ, źֽиǮŮۡ
СҲԱ߲С̰æ, ´μ, һҪ˵лл
ǰЩ, ۳һ˿ͷ
ŮҩЩֽҩС̰Ļ
ǡѺģô˼Ұæأ
Ͼֻѡ
Сô, ĵ
ԭ, С, ԷؼҾ͸˵, ΪСǼѻ, Ͱôֽ, ֽѺСǵѹǮ
ȥǶʱò˼Լ, ΪʲôŲǮأŮᡭ
ӳǺõģ˵Ŀˮֻ̡
ô죿ôֽǿɶǮġ÷Щ, ֻۡ
ҪƷС̽
ƷǮզôܼأ÷һֽǾҪᡣ
ӽ쿪ʼ, ϳһСʱֽ, ֱȫС
ЭһֽǺͰֽݣȵҪַѡ
Ϊ˭ûɹ֪զ
ʱСǾ֣˷˵һᣡС̸ˣ
Ǹܴĺӣʲôһͻˡ
ȣֽҪýûУﷱȥ
Ҫˮʮּ򵥣ֻҪʱá
ѽ˳Сͦſʼ̴ҩС
һֽǣһһ˵:ǿЩûֻҪͿϽȻճξͿ
СǸۺõֽıͿĨٰڳֽ֮һһȦĨƽֽһעҺҩоˡ
Ǻ÷˵ȥоͦ򵥵ġŶٶнòϸ˼ҩǲյġ
Ϊ˲ǮֻԴ
ǣ㣬ֽһǮţ
Сʮָֽȳһ9֣ٸӸëǮǲǺܶࣿ
ˣûİֽඣ裬һ˶ֽǻ
ǧٶ˼ҲˡСǻеϧ
ʱֻᣬôֽʲôʱţ
ļ죬һÿһ¾ǺֽУүʱҲС
õҩԽԽߣǵڳһ㡣
ֽȫãѾһ֮󡣶ǽһֳкãȥҩ
һڵֽУ÷е᲻ãʶǣҪٽֽǽź
¶һлı飬ѧϰأûաҲŪˣϵƹⲻ۾ʱ۾ˣǮֻࡣ
÷ףоеҲûֽе¡
ȥϸֽУǰ˿ëǮ
Ǯ˭ûҪСǮıɺ
ͻȻõôһʾ޿СǺ˷ܵذкͻеһҪǳ¿
⸽Ĺ԰ſھǳ򲻰ȫ絣¿
ĩ·ϵ˶˶䡣
żżԣӿ˽ŲֻǸճͬڣͱסȥ·
Сѣʶͬѧסļ֪𣿡
̧ͷͼһ׳ŲȺƤЬЦǺǵؿԼ
΢üͷʣ˭Һû㡣
ôʣ˵̬ȸˣҽмֲǶͬѧͬϵʦ磬ܸס𣿡
ԺǰĻɫȻ費ڼңǵѧҰɡ
ʲô裿ֲ˲ľ
ԣ衣Ļѻ粻ͨ죬С
Ϊ˰壬԰һ֮Ժ󡣳öԷûعʱϽǽˡ
¿ʱѾûӰ
صңһСΧĿоֺã磬˼鰡Ҫ飡
ֻ飬ָǸһ飬:ֶܶԣԣ´ٸ򡣡
һֱкСǶĻ˵ܶԣֻܲԸؽܡ
ҧһڡʹ¿ݵߣҺûÿ죬ûԺӵ졣
ŵ¶ĵܵã«έ绰ӻ㱨ոյ
ڶ졣
ѧĪͬѧǶЩʱһŮͬѧյʣСǣҶڴѾˣ𣿡
ʵѧУﲻϡ棬ڶϣȴסˡ
ѽͽˣô
˳ϣŮͬѧ¶һĨ𾪣ôѽռô죿ôϲ㣡
ǲؿʣҽ᲻ʲôϵҶ֪˭
ѧУķﶼʶ
ŮͬѧɤЩǼôЪ˹ֻԶ
һˣټ˵ӿŲ˽ңȴ¥ݹսǴײһˡ
ռ߸ߵĸӳһ˧²˵ô㣬Եر顣
ԶǻӵľӦֻȴΡ
ͬѧ鷳һ¡
ǵĳͣǰ͹СϸѧУ⴩Щɷʴ·ӲĳЩ˵Ļ۽𾦡
ͱǰλռԶһ飬ɻûȱ׾ʹӼֲ˵ѽϢ
вʣԲŻҵ
˵ˣ
šüģʶԷ˭ʶ𣿡
ռǸܽˣһʶԼŮͬѧ˲ɫб䣬㲻ʶң
Ҹʶ𣿡
ռһ㶣һ촽һΰԼͷݣҰǾѧڣսڣӦʶɣ
ǵȻʶȻɫĸרҵģ
ռΪԷڶԼȤˣæԼרҵ
һ˲ЦˣҰϵĽڣڣӦʶɣ
ﷱѧУڼֱףռ뵽ǸɫģϿԸ񣬲ŵúû¥ˤȥ


101 
ﷱٻ, иʮŮھܡôһţкܳһʱûٿռ
Ŷ»Ӧ, ڲôæˣҲиʱ㺢ǡ
µ䲻, ʺ档ĩһ, ֯һСȥΡɰѺǶֻˣ
һͰ·ãԹԵڲǰҲȥ
÷ǻùЦ, ǵ軹˯أôʲôãֻǲܳҪȥ
кСǻӶԷһ, ȫҡͷ
̫ˣ˯ɡ
, 
ůĵĺ, ÷ÿСһڡ
Ա, ѵĺñ
̵õ, ȫֿЦˡ
ΪôҸһľ, û÷׼緹, Ǵȥ, һѾ糿̻
кСǶСԻ, ʳȡ
һر, Ƿ׷׵Ͱӣ÷ֻһ붹ձ⣬ԥ, ǱԶ֭ҪһϤ
ú, ÷²۵㲻˵龩˵, ǶҲС
ǵȻԼûгԾ, һرǺտ϶ƷƷĸóԡ
ﷱԼͬ˶֭ͽȦ
ŶԾ˵֭ǵɶˣڰһֱûҳԣ⻳⺢ǲǲ֪
Ҫ㶹֭ܶ˶˵úȡ
û£볢
к̬ȵּûȰ˵
ǡһҳһغ档
áͷƯ衱ȣٺȵ㡣
ȫҿʼò˵ζ治
СǵһЩ֭ŵԱߣȻſʼ͡
Ե治ɫֿﷱ룬ﷱ衿һֱԥЦŹԲţʵ֪Գһ¡
˵ֺһڶ֭ʮֵ
Ϊ棬ùСسһСڣֻһڲûϣ
ʲôʵ֪ȫƭ˵ģ̫ˣ
ŬƽǹɶĸУǿװطף̧ͷѾָ糣
붹֭Ƶ÷ǰջ裬㳢Ұ˵ûԲţζ
ôﷱֻЦ˲ʧˣ룬費ϰȶɡ
˵ʵ֪𣿲Թô֪ԡ
÷⻰еĿ˵׳һڣһ˲ﷱ衣ǲǿأҲдԲţٸ룬Һˣ
ﷱ衾ίСΪԼͣԵģ۹ŮԵģô˵Ұ
㿪ʼ˼ǻģ㲻Ҳóԣ
ﷱ¶һԱӣǱЦ
ҲЦ赱ľʹСĶ֭ȫȵ
¶Цˡ
һͬؿæ
˵ϴ£÷׻ûûǮ붹֭ͷǡ
ĵطǾ󸽽/԰ǻʼ԰֣羰ʮ
кСǵһ͸ŷɵСһ쳣˷ܡ
һţǶǺһɤӰƤӸסˡ
ǹԹԻصߣûٵܣ˿
һʱ䣬κɽǰһ飬ǵǶ̫Сֻʱ԰֡
裬Ƕˡ
Ժ⣡
ֶﷱ衽ȥʳóԷ˱ʾͬ⡣
ǻһܺ桰Ư衱Ĵѧʲôģ
ͬʱʵܶҲڴ
ھУŮһиϿĽڸףھ
˵ѾӣȻȻǰ޶Ϊĺӡ
G˵Ǹ𣿿ʮˣǸ˼ҵɣ
Ҳֻǳø߶ѣ㿴к˧ѽӦġ
СҲÿɰ֪ɷ˭𣿡
֪ûӵԷôҲʮɣ
ʱǻ֪ԼС裬Ϊ̵˺⣬ָԵļȣڴʱɲռ
ռ֣ȴﷱ衵ϣÿ춼úġ
ʳкͿﷱ衺ͻ糯ŵøϽֵֻȡ
ﷱɨ漴Զ˵С˵ϲҴȥһ£ȴ극ȳԡ
ţǿȥɡûԵռҲûǰ缦ģ
극뿪󣬼ֲŸҴյռСոСǶͬѧĶӣ׿ڳϵġ
ʱ˿̣ռܳû뵽ԼϲŮȻӵ裬һпǺ衣
ɷǸɫ˥ˣǷ߷߲ƽ
Թ緹Ǵźǲι˾У԰кСǻ̫Сֻ֪һѧУҪ׶԰ܶܶ࣬һ԰ر
һ尢ϲΧǣʼĺߣģҲϰˡ
һ죬ҶۣͦҼҹӪԶˣ÷ǮҪؼңҲŻؼң֮£ֻǵ⡣
ƣӻصңͳԿ׸뿪ţȴִû
ʶؿ÷ʣ裬ҳʱû𣿡
үǰشԺǱ߹ҪЩӲܻҳȥš
÷ֻԴˡһ£ûվȣҼǵ˰ǽ˰ɣ˵㽹ƿš
ﷱڲſڵ£ǰ˵:ģȽȥ
㶼ʮˣһұᣬ򲻹˼ô죿÷æקܲǰ塣
ʱӣ͸žϲ㰡ըζ
÷ҲᣬһζǴҳġ
ĵҲ̫˰ɣȻԷ
Ǻָܿ侲ûĸôܿŵĳүҲֻʣһˡ
Ϊ֤²⣬󵨵ǰߣƿһ̲ס
ӳ˷˵ˡ
ը̫Ӳ֪Ѿˡſж̧ȥĿԡ
ôǰ˵һѽҺȥվ㡣ߵߣϵЦѾƲס
ͬʱҲ߽÷Ůˣ˿
⺢ӶˣΪأ
ְ֣
ְ֣Һ㡫
кС˳ȥҺñǼʱֹˡǣԡְˣٺ档
ӿӺһ˫Ůĵ׷ů⣬û취ǣֻܽݰʱǿѹȥ
һ÷ȥС޶ռ䡣
ڵĳֻžըǶĪЩɬѾϷˡ
λܴ찡Ҳ˵𣿵ڷżٻȥġ
л˵
ǣףڿ֣
Ϊ˸лҵ֧֣ۻкǣôôա



102 
ûĴ, ת˵:Ϊ̫㣬ԵȲôá
ӵ黰ܴģ˲, żֽᣬҿ뺢Ӳ, , һúˡ
ʱ˿̣ѹط֮ϲ, Ĭٶ
ϣ÷˺ϵ, ӰһЩ߸ǡ
˵Ԫմȥѧҹ, żѰҵʱ, ֻèȻһֻ̻ˡ
, Сֶѧϰܿ̿, û¾ͻʶǵ, ҲҪϾдѧ, ȴԼֻǸСѧ
ԺмμӸ߿Ŀ, ȥ, ߿ĿѶˡ
Щͨļҳ, ýζСǶֻӳ棬ְ֣Ҫӣ
ٻȥܿˡ
Ϊϸժ, ޳ָʮ
ţҪСһ棡
СǵĿ, һֱͷԷ, ְֵĻûע⡣
Ǽ״, ɻӽΪʲôѵΪְֺܾûˣ
ʵҲע⵽еһһʧ䡣
ʱڳ극ȻŲְֱֵĻְֱгԱ
Цոջ˵˲䱻ˣѶӱŵʣԱұ
ţֻгԱŲң
СǼô˲伱ˣϽٶȱƽʱ첻ֹ
ԵôǸϽʢԣְֲܡ
ҪҲҪְֱ
÷һԿţЦúϲ£죬ˣȥɣԿһû¶
֮СԸԳѽְֵĵĻд۵Сۣȫɳ˶ۡ
Թ÷ϴ衢¡
ڶǵķʪͷϣһܡ
Ҳͷáʱ䶼Լˡ
ͷֳֺʱ޲üɶ̷ȴ᲻á
Ӷ棬ϸüۣʣͬѧദôûҵѣ
̫æˣûʱ佻ѡ˵⣬漴뵽ʲôæԲ۾:أûбЩһ
ӱ̽ģȴû뵽ȱˣҡͷûʳĵ׵⣬ûʲôһأͬѧ׷𣿡
ǵԺռЩ飬Ųϣû׷ңз֮ǣǶԷƷö
ûĨ飬ȴû𴩣ţˣȷƷͷɵò˯ɣ㻹Ҫѧ
˵ëеӿһ˿쳣Ҳû¶ϣر߿ʼ̴
ΪСʤ»飬Щ飬û뵽ǣϴ֮Ȼմͷ˯ˣ
˯еӣǵе㸴ӡ
˵һʮͻ½
ѵô£
Ϊ˲ģǾʱһҪֵȻһЩſԡ
ģҲ˯⣬ûӱ˯ˡ
֪ǣ˯֮˺Ȼָۣɨüۣ̲ס̾
һҹһûû˯һ˯ߡ
ֱ¶ףӲҵ𴲡
ÿϣ÷ﷱ衶Ժ̫ô˶ͦȡ
ʮСʱĻ𳵣զ˯һ
귢͵üģɵͻȻطе㲻̫Ӧ
ԼɶӦģȥ÷ȥɻСôˣ
ֻ˵˽ˣһɫﷱЦʣλôģӦط־
Ȼ˴£һ˿壬Һ꣬У԰˲żüãһǳˣԻ᲻̫š
ôԼﷱ衺ǺһЦʮһ꣬Ѿﵽʮ꣬һ޷ɾ͵ĸ߶ȣʲôŵģ㾩˲żüǶ㣬Сǵɷ㰡㡫졣
ӳĬһ˲ȻඥĸоҲ֣˵ǣƫˣԺ󲻻ٷִ󡣡
ѻȥˣﷱЦݸʢ׻˵Թ壬ⲻ㡣
֮һ˳ⶼС
ȶ˯֮Ѿ׼ˡǼвˣһɲǣü価Ц⡣
ǿⲻȥ˼룬ܵγˮǽ٣ڼҴһɣ
ã緹ѧ
ְҪǣкСǺǼѧҪ·ҪƯġ
һСʱһĿȥѧУĹһ·ϣӽѧУȤ¡
ú棬ʱʱǳ⣬Ա߿⸱棬һ̨
ʱȥھ󸽽վͣź˳⻹չ˶ǡ
ȥ׶԰·ϣмͬСѴ߾Сæ˼ҫҰְ֣Ǻİְ֣
СǶǵһμӣȫ¶Ŀ⣬ϵװ˾η
СǣְǾ𣿡
ԣҽ
ź֮ͯͯ̲סЦۼϿεʱҪˣæߴǽѧУ
ȴûһȻվԭز
ôˣΪʲôȥ
Сӣ峺ʣְ֣Ƿѧ㻹𣿡
ţڡ˵дһ˿ʡ
˵㻰Сָ:
ã֣صָͶеĵһԼ
ھ⸽꺢Ӻûм뿪ѡɢУҪȸոࡣ
Сǣˡ
û뵽ô˵üΪ㻹ģ֪ͺá
ڣܿעкɲɾռ
ļֲȿǵġ㿴ǲǶͬѧǸӦþɷɣû뵽Ǿˡ
ռȥĶˡλˣò϶Էͷӣòڡ
ӵĵھУ԰Сĺ䶯֮ǰҶռĳѾǺܲˣû뵽ˣǵɷȻô˧
л˵


103 ԰
ŶԽԽӰ, ռʶ˺üֱײڼֲϣֻ໡һ, ֲϱȵĽű˶ˡ
ɶȵˣҪ˵ϲ, ʲô˵ģ
˵ث, ռ˲䲻ˣԭ˵Բ, Ҳ˵ˡ
㶮ƨ˼ǾˣǾ飡˵ͷҲصˡ
ֲıӰ, һ䡰á
:Ĵܲһţܲ˲ˣ
ʱ, ҲܵΧĿ, ȫУͬѧ֪ԼɷǸˡ
̬ͺеҪȫ綼֪İ飡
ܿ, Уſ, ǴȤҪҪȥιһҵѧУ
ȥ, ˵һһںҪĿ, ȥ, 㡣
һ, ôһ¶ۼʱϾҪ, Ͻ˵ټȻȾûһ˿
ҡͷУſںþò뿪
һ, ǸսҾͬѧǵǹġ
˼, һԴչʣոպһľɷ𣿡
, ǡ
󷽳, ֮ǰЩҥԲš˼ʲôͷӰһ˧٣һᡣ
кĴҲףǾôôĶӣ
ǻֻ֪ѧͰһЩɱҡˡ
뾩Զ׶԰
СǾеĵһΣ
ֻǸС˵ְֻˣСͲˣѹ
мƲ֣ԭΪóͷ
СԣһƨԱߵλʣôˣвĵľ˵
С̧ͷû֨ʵҲ֪ԼǲԵģǺѹһ㶼С档
ҽ첻棬û
Ǹⲻȥ˼άͷƢʱ򣬰ְôģ
һ뵽취⡱ܻԼλó͵͵ȴûóԵʳȻܻصСߣǾɿɺóˣҰ͸㣬ˣ𣿡
ְֺѧΩΩФСɵۣûشʦȴͻȻһѶȥɿ
֮ǰ˵ԴʳѧУǹʦˣҪȥҳȡ
µɿûˣСۡһͿˣ
СһԿʮھΣļˣһòã
еỹҪǮƵµã㶼СǣҵɿҲûˣ̫ˣ
ʱСҲ˹޵ôģȦҲźˣҲҪſޣСϽֹҴ˻Ժ󶼲ƢˣǱˡ
һ룬еĿ类ͣȻֹ
˵ģ
ţģҪԶĺѣ
СǱ仰жòУģҲҪСõѣ
ںͺջ᲻ٿˣǿɿүԼҪ
ѧ˭û׶԰£Ϊȫ缦Ǽôɣ̾ڼãǶǰˡ
һĿϹûлĺԺȥӴԺүӡ
üû̫үүкСǶԺĴ٣ﶼİҲ̫Ρ
ھӼǻˣ׷״к俴ǰֺСģϲòˡ
ϣǶôˣÿ
ÿʱкСǶʹòʺãջһЩʳ
һ·ңСһĶװǡ涵ǣó͸С
ӦģҪسŵ
ʱ֪ܳһƹֱӶҺۼֿȫ
ֻڳһ̬ӡֱУ̱ſˣ
ҲһҸѹߣȴסˣ𶯣Сҧˣ
пȮ鷳ˡ
ʱؼ˾æԺܳɨѹߣүҲһô£
ոֻѺŵˡ
ǰû˵Ժ˭ĪһֻҲ֪Ǵģ
үӳ˽ԺţǱޣ̫үү˲ٺóԵģ˭¸Ҿ͸˭ԡ
һ˲ջᣬ̲סʣ̫үүʲôóԵģ
ү˵ʳɹѺǵעȥˣǴӰְֵĻܡ
Щδ뵽ոֻȮС²۵Ҳ֪˭ҵĹûйģһҧô죿
ļ򰲸ģҵġ
˽ݺ󣬾ͿĲ輸ϰʳΧʳתתȥĵòˣ
үүôôԵģǸֵġ
үɳϣЦģý͵ġ
ý㣿֪үⱲֻһӣִĶý㣿
һɻһýҵŮĸ֮ǰһֱǱ磬ջسǡ
ֹһ˻ɷŮҲŻˡ
ᵽүӳ˼Ƭ̣Զ˵СǣýҵӶѧջسе㲻̫Ӧƽʱܰȥ𣿡
԰ѵַңҺȥ
Ӧˬ죬үӸмæѵַд
үæûջĺԺǱסҹڴԺסһޡ
ڣԭ˫˴ԵرӵΪŵ˯оβų˯ȥɴȴ˯ȫޡ
кڣֻܴӱ§סӾţǼµ˼֮ôѹȥ
ҧ꽥ЩΪתעý£㡢λýϵ𣿡
ţǸܼǿˡ
ΪΪʲôô˵šʲô𣿡
Ϊ˶סੲݣֱĴ
ڶһ磬һ˯ȻѡȲʹоķƺҲ˳ˣŻҲܰúܿġ
֪ǣȥˮ衣
ǼˣȫЦΧ裬ְ˵첻ȥ׶԰𣿡
ţġ
ֻڣȥʱҪڻ϶ȹֻʣһˡ
뵽еѹ
ְأڸ
ڸù׼
컹ҪݣϽ𴲡
һСʱȥ˾г
ý漣33꣬סڸĸķΪĶɵ֪࣬Ȼǻ˦ˣһ֮һʮꡭ
ӰյַҵýңͰľŽţ̧˰죬иСк̽Դʣ˭
к꣬ڵСתһǸ鵰
漣ڼ𣿡
һģ·ȥˣ˭
˾ˡ
Ҳʱ庢֣ؽԼ衣
ûΪţӣʲô֣
䱸Ļͦǿ̲סЦҽӣ𣿡
ԭҾ˾ˡڴ߳ǿţڴһ㣡Ǿ˾ˣ
ĴɤкСǸеܾ棬߻ûֹôܺСأ
磬ҽУ
ҽСǣ磬
˼ͷǫ˵ⲻɶмֵܱһܺأ

ݵСһЦʱ߳һ߰ĹȽ
Ǻãҽд
Ǻ½һݣֻվԺûнݡ
ֹʮӣ漲һѲ˻ڿӵһ̣ӯܣʲôʱģôǰ֨һҶû⡣
ʮûǸпǧӰŵݵϣԼӺͶŮ
ǿǰĶ̷Ůˣм񣬶һ˫Ưĵۡ
㣬ԺҽСǾУҾھ飬ʲôҪæȥҡ
лл㣬Сǡ
΢죬ȫǸΪԶĸԸ
ɱֻϸСĢ
ͷļµģǸջسǣĿܳ˼ļæ־ܾһ¾Ͳ³Էˣ´پۡ
㣬«έ´ͽԷ
ô˵ֻͬ⡣
е֪ĿǰһҩƷʱɷҲгﵱ㹤Ӷѧе㲻̫ʺϡ
ʵЩڣΪʲôҪһسǣ
֮ǰó˵үӸǵļ漾ֻܾ¡
һֱһٿǮ
ָ΢Ʋסᡣ
ýҳȥ԰棬ȥ԰֮ǰȥ˰ٻ¥
һȦÿ˶һ·ôһϡ
Ȼȥһ¥̨ѡһŸƵ
Ȱһװúǲųȥ԰
֪Ҫ࣬ĵúϲ£졣ڶ԰ſڣǰŪѰʽŪˡ
վԱ߼ַ죬ʣ㻹ࣿ
ʲôѵģǸţǵͷ˵úǰ
Ҳ׷׿ձģܣ
վ𶯣ָӣ
СǸĺӣ̱һֻо͸гƵģôվŶҪ
ʽڿһһĳͣûͼĻᡣ
ˣǱһóļ˵УٶϾͲԣ
вæֱͦˣҲҶˡ
Ƕǵıֺ⣬ý࣬Ҫ¿ţͼи߸߾֣۶ӡ
裬ûǶͷҪ
ǣ
л˵


104 
ʲô
Ŭ, ׶ӵ˼ܶСȥƬʱͷ϶ử
ںҲû֬㲻Ը
߹ȥҪ, УǸӺ, 㿴ͰְƬʱǲûУҪѧϰ, ֪𣿡
Ӷеİͷ˼һӲЭ, ǺðɣͲ, ҪúŶ
﷭һİۣһĸ, õ, ģһĵģ
, ǷӳǿӰΪ˺ܶƬԱ߿, Ȼ˵հ, ѧˡ
ܾ, ģĺ𣿽ܹġ
, ܵ, ɡ
ڰ֮ǰǧҪ, Ȼعͷˡ
ӴͷģعĵӣȻ̧ͷ˵Ҫ, Ƕվá
ֱǺܻܲܰƬĺã
˫סӵļ, üؿͷ, ȴע⺢ǵһһ, Ҷ
ǣ˵ӡ
ӡ
Цõһֻ̣ܡꡱһƬĺˡ
Ȼ֪ĵôͦרҵģֻǿļˮƽա
ŵĶ԰ÿÿɰĶǶźǴһţʱҲӺͺźӰۼԽԽ٣סˡ
СǣһȫҸɡ
ôģʵҲȫҸΧûο͡
취ҡ˵꣬첽ȥ˲Զ̯λ
Ҳ֪˼˵ʲôһʦˡ
ʦ̬Ⱥ飬ùǵúǰڳɰƣΪһĿޱĺӰ
ʦҪ黹ʱӺȻڵ:ʦ鷳ٸҺҰ˵źӰ
ȻԣվһҪЦÿĵ
İ߿ȥǵסļ
ˣɹָźӰһƬҵļǾͷİɡ
Ӱ꣬ʦӣͬʱӸǮ
Ǳô붯˼æģԭǻǮġ
һëǮžǮڵѪ
ʦߺ󣬶ǳ˳˵½߶ţȥƬëǮһţǮѹ˼ô顣
ֻЦ˵öѡ
궯԰ǰֱӻĺԺ
ڼеһޣ÷һӲˡ󣬼鷿￪ʼдţ˻ı⣬кСֻû˼
ֱ˯ǰյöšлдүүСֶյģдģСĽԪд˷ţҪˣһ·ɾˣ
ǿǷţЦ˺þá
뵽Ҫָأûһ˿⣬ڿϻĵЩƬ
ҰƬϴ¸¸ȥ㻹ҪȥĶ𣿡
ӵ뻳޳ָĳܰȥͺˡ
ͷ۵׾ĵӰĵȴһ£һɵߵġ
˵ҹɫŨģֻʣĹ
ӵ뿪ĺԺָֻ糣
ǰһӸĳרϴƬİ
һжнŪŪãſ[кСǽֹ]Լǿ
÷Щֻ֪һǮֱۣǸܼӡ
ִŵëɶʱܸĸģǮġ
ģ᲻ľһˡ
Ҫ¼û׼µƬμӱأʱ򻨳ȥǮˣǰͶʡ
÷ɶͶʣ֪һֱд׬˲ǮѵƬҲǮ
뵽ֽϿǵƬҲǲܣ̬˸360ȴת䣬ԼŰɣǮܹˣ޾С
:Ųأ׬ǮҲܣ
ǣڶѧһƬȥġ
[Ӱÿëͯۡ]
ЩݷݷѧӺò׿ѧȻԼھУ԰ƬʻؼС
ҿӺͺĵƬʱȫ˻Ǯյ˼
ΪѧУѣǸǴ˾ۣÿŽһë˷Ǯɱݱ˶ˣҶܸˣյ˺ֻܶ࣬ÿμϢʱգȫѧϰ
ɼ죬ûѧУȫʦҲһֻ۱һֻۡ
һ죬ڲԵδߣǸոһλŮͬѧƬͼس
СȥѧУſڿɣأ
뵽̣ǸϽѧУſܡòܵʱȴûпкСǵӰ
裬أ
תͷһʹ̳ȥ
ôˣզûѧѽ
裬鷳ȥ̫үүͱ˴סҽԺˡ
Ϊʲôǰְأ
ᵽӵȦˣҰǰȣӼأ
⻹һδƽһ
Уǵһ£ȥ٣ϻ˵ŶתѧУܣȵϻһ
ȥҽԺ·ϣǴܵԭ򣬴ԥһ˲ʵ飬иŮѧ·ס裬˵ҡҵĺӣ費ϣǾʹˡ
ȻȥҲвµһЩ
ǵҽԺʱڲһ䱸ܵŮˡ
ҵŮ˭Ҳߣб÷ΰҵҪʣ˼𣿡
ŮһûĻϡ
㲻ֲǻҶ𣿿ϧҲ׳ҶϱǳĹŮɲûûܱȵġ˵ͼǮ˵ҸǮ
ر󳶵ĻֻڰС˵￴ۼҪԷЦӯӯ߹ȥѻ
˿ţ˼ǲǹӿɸɲӵ¶
Ůתͷǣɫһ䣬˵˭˿أ֪˭ˮģĥߴǵҪǮ
ŶԷǸһҪһûôǮʮĺԺҲС
л˵


105 
ɶ˵٣
Է񵽱, ǵؿûظһ飬ûǮͳ, װ
˾ʮǮһ, ֱ׵ġ
Ů˷ߺ޵ص, ҧгݵҿǷˣ֪ҶӶϱ˭СԲ˶ߣ
զզϲƣܶ, üоԲ, ҽԺǲгȻòǮ, ͸Ͻߡ
ʱ, ֪ĶһɨѸ߸߾, ӰŮ׺ݺ۸裡
ڵʿ, Ǽ״ֹ̺ǸأҽԺҪӰϢ
ʿͬ־, 鷳ǰ˸ϳȥ, Ҳʶǿ, ɫȻ԰ס
ѣصҸ
Ůڽ, ʿȷʵ, ̰ϣϲʶҽԺڲ, ɶµȳԺ˵ɡ
УҲߣƾɶߣ
ϧô, Ȼ˳ȥ
ֱĳС, ǽ񾭲ų׷
, ȥʳóԵ㷹ɡ¿ڴͳƱǮָΪΡΡġ
ӹǮƱʲôҲûʣȻŵܵĬĬ뿪
ȲֻʣͶˣļ£ԼĹ¡
͸ոøĶӷΰǳͬѧͬһвȷϵ
ԭǴбҵͽģΰӵ֪ͨȥɡʱУܲ˼֮࣬ǳ嶯֮Ҳȥɡ
֪ʲôǿӣڰǰ־ԼѶܿ˷
Ϊ˻ﰲ仧ӣȴû뵽ڶΰֻ˳ǡ
ǸĺǿˣԷûôɶԷˡֱһºŷԼѾС
δǻᱻĭģʱͬһӵĴ־ۺȻף֮˱ˡ
־֪ĺӣһֱ缺Ҳں
СһĿڹƶȴҸ
ֱλسΰĸףŮݲ㳹ױ¶ֻΪĳͷΰ̫ˡ
˫һֱۣһģһ
ΰ⼸Ȼ÷ˮ𣬵һֱϺӣʱ˷ұ˼ʱǷ˴Ĵڡ
һ磬ͺѧߵ·ȴĸסźǵǰͺͶԷִ
һʱģ֧ͽҽԺҲ˸ոһĻ
£ֻһɻ󣬡ûͷΰӺүү𣿡
ȻԷ˵ԣ֪үӵݣƷΰ漽ˡ
ûʱһݴİܿɹġ
ѹءǳ˼һ˲һ£ҸղſԼӦô£
漵𣬡СװֳһЩⲻ˻ᴫںСʱ֪ԼǴ־۵Ů
һСȥеһĴǼ̵ܲ飬촽֮ͬߡ
ҽԺֱȥԺүӻ㱨¡
ûֻ֤ͨܵڴԺſڣֱ֪ͨԽ룬żҴҵ߽ȥ
ſڵүӵס·Ҫʮңڼ仹Ҫһ·ܵĿĵء
ʱһǣһ߾ǹڿʱ򻹡˺ü
Ƕһһ۱ϳֻϴҧ˵ĶȮǸеĵˡ
кú˨ǲʱֻƿҽеĹûϴε¡
ʱүڼĶļ˵ˣ¹˳һˮȻȥ
Ǹսոյżүүֻˣصûܣǲ°ģҿе
ţҸ̸ԷҲǸˣ˵ȷ°ġүɳϣܺôͻȻ
ҲһݸŰý˵
үüɵⱲӻúͿŮҲܶ೤Щ۶Ҳ
ðæҪһȥ鷿绰ڿ¡
ķӼģҳ
G֪ۼҸס˭
˭ѽǺԺ治֪ھ˭
㻹ǵøѾͷɣ
٣ֻ˵:̫ǵˣ
ⷿסţǰʱҲСס컯Ūˡ
˵Ǻңģᵽ֣Īë𣬡ôأ
ԣǸʲôġ˵ڿˣǰ
Ļ˵ЩʲôûֱүӴ鷿ǲӦ
үүȥ鷿Ӵ绰
үͬ첽ȥ鷿
绰ͨӵʱǵһ仰ǣҾסڸڣ֪𣿡
ûзϣοҪģЩСҲǳصģû˼롣
ô˵Ǹ˵ء
ϸҲǣԼΪһұŪòľԱʱҲûʲô¶ֻҪʱžͺˡ
һֱû˵ЩǣҽԺһһŬȡλȥǣ㲻ҪģٵҰ꣬𣿡
нޣԶ˵ǸϢǹһĨЦ⣬Ҳ࣬ܽ޶ã
ꡣ
̫ˣҪŬ
ţһġӱϲȾѾ￪ʼۺӣʱÿѧ
áΪϢĵ׵һɨգǱߵģý£ѡʱܡ
ڶһ硣
ȥҽԺ漵״̬Ѿöˣҽ˵ǳۼӪļ¡
öǺܾģĵطô࣬Ϊʲôүү˵أ
û˵ǰүүΪºܽģҲҡˣû绰Ǳϲǡ
ֻ̾ͺѧ¿Խ
СæҲܾˡˣԼѧҽͳԺ־벻չˡ
ҽ˵ⲡҪú̫͡ǵȻڳԺʹԺҲܸػ
ҽҩɣȺһƳԣڼĻʱӰæҲССûɣ
һ仰ɹ˵漣ڲٳܣʾҽԺסһޣٰԺ
Ǽͨˣȥѧ
ԴӶУ԰ڷչҵԵرãϲʶͬѧк
Ҳ˼ˣ⣬ǵļˮƽɬĳƬǿ⣬ҵĶɵȻܿ˭˭˶ԶǵӰ졣
Ҳˣÿ߼·ͻ˸ʺãÿζЦӭˡڿҪ߽ѧ¥ʱһŮͻȻӺܳſֱסȥ·
ʵСģöĶˡ
ԭᣬ¶ġ
л˵


106 
Ǹ, һֽ˶Ķ
ãȻһ˲ʣͬѧ£
Ůϵˮ, ʻش𣬡Ƭ, 𣿡
ѽ, Ȼû⡣״ǵһ, ԴȻЩ£ֻܿκϢʱ, Ķģ
ʱûáŮ۾ͨͨͳǮҪ, ȰƬǮ, ĺú鷳ȥһط𣿡
㲻ԼȡƬ𣿻ĸϵ, Ҹ͹ȥҲС
лл, ˡŮС, ˵˵ֿˡ
ôľٶ, һֲ̫õԤС
ʶһҲԵ, ҽж, ܸ𣿡
Ůҧ, ԥβ˵ҽרҵġ

˵֣ǾУ, 黭ͨҽ̱ȽϿ, 27꿴20ͷ, ûҶ
֮Ů벻ɱ
Ϊ֤ĵ׵Ĳ², Ǽװ¶״ԭǴᵽĴˣ㳤ÿƯ
ˣһܿģȴ¶һĨ񣬡úÿһǼ£ԣԸѿЩ
ĻشԲ̫΢ɲü漴ЦϲѧУľɫʱѰţǸܲܵҵģذ
ģأֱָӾܾ˼ûôʱ䡣
֮Ǹˣ˵Ƭպܻġ
֪߽ķҪͼ֮νû£ıͺ˵
ţá
ͷһֱ΢ţһֲŵı֣ļ仰ͽ˽ѧ¥
Ϊ֪û֮ǰǲµġӦƬ͸ĳ˺ѡɱ
ɱԭ򣬻̫
Թﷱ衴ˣﷱû룬۵ǺӺܴѧϰҲܿ̿࣬ʱջǸ֮ġ
òЩֻίʵҶû˵ʮˣѵż𣿡
ֻ֪ʦֲѡ
ͲܵͰ׵ʦҿ˵ˣϵѧٷ֮ʮ㡣
ʣǰٷ֮ʮأǵӴģ
ζָʾ
Ϊʲô
Цؿһʣǰٷ֮ʮѾιȥûء
ﷱ˹ЦһԵĻȴûҵЦ㣬ǿ˳ǡ
Ǽ״ͬѧΪʲôЦѵҵЦ𣿡
ͷֲңֻܿתƻ⣬С̣㲻ҪϴƬڿѧ𣿡
ᵽ£ðߣ
һг棬ֻĴҶκζ
ôϲϲǿһ׬Ǯ
濴ǽϵƬĻãȻתͷ׬Ǯ
԰ھ˫޵УֻҪͿˡ
ҪǮúĶ᲻ûǮ
̨ٶԪģٶġ
֮ǰںϣ翿Ʒһʻ᲻öǱǮûһȷĴ𸴡
ҲûǿȰϴƬļڸѧϰʱúܿ죬գۼһСʱȥˡ
ǴӰʱﷱԺ
뵽ǸŮԥԼĲ߸ﷱ֪
֣¸˵
ѵüô࣬ﷱ衵ͷȥݡ
ôˣѧУ£
ţ¡
һ飬֣𣿡
ﷱһޱȣû뵽ѧȻͷ
СǣллϸģһѧУעĶ̬ٷ쳣ǵһҪҡ
ţã
ļ죬ǳѧؼңᾭȥ漣ɫһһڿԷĲÿ춼ȥˡ
һ죬ҵǣڶʱ͵ص㡣
Ƭֱúδϣʱڽѧ
֪ƬпܻѡɱöΪţֻܾ֮ʱ취
ϵĵƹ̫ĩģô
˼һ˲еְʱŲĩ
Ϊ׳ɱԭ򣬶С̽:֪һҷرóԣԼȥȥ𣿡
ĲȾ㣬֮ǰܳһ٣ԥشӦˡ
˵Ǽҷݾھ󸽽Ӿܵ
ѧ˲лţǵĹϵøܡ
㻹ϲʲôѽ´ҿԼһԡ
ǸصˣһѾҡҡͷʾԼûʲôԵġ
һ·ϣѧУȤ£ǷֻɣʵǸ뷨Ůˡ
ˣκˣֻŬȰ˵ԼҪ̫ż
ݣǵһ㣬׷֮⣬һݺͳˡ
ЩȣĲܳԵ𣿡
ܰһֱôࡣᵽԣ˼һת⡣ѿӵݹȥװʵڿϴѧ֮ǰʲôģ
ûһֱǸĸҡӹӣ۵һĨźʵҲϰ࣬šĸǿơ
Ǿѧϰ黭ҪϰҪöࡣκ£ûʹԸûй
ɫʹ࣬ǸϽһŽ
쳢ҵóԣ´ǻԷ
ţллһĨǳЦһ̣Ѷǵѡ
ܿ죬ʱĩ
ǺԼУſڼֶûɻʣأûôգ
˼ڼˣһؼȡһ𣿡ͷķӦ
ֻ˵ǸǳˣֹûӦ˶ǵ
˶гųصʱ÷ԺιһŮˣΪǸܵĶ
ѹֽͻȻؼҡ
æļʳЦǺǵӭȥϡŮ˭ҵģƯ
ʱǻ֪ĸ״Ѿˣ÷ʹ˸ʾԷкСݡ
÷ȴ˼ΪѯԼһĴָ
εش˴üģܺûǰк
üĵĶֱ÷ˣæﺰûˣ㲻Ҫ𣿡


107 ϲ
ڶǵԶ, ߳
ȵ죬һɽװҲˡ
ôô񣿡ǺܺΪİ㣿
ƴ˰Ц, ʵѳŪˣץһ·ϡ
ӹܡʱ, Ǿͺ˲, ÿʱͶ룬ĻԼ˭
ʱ, ڶ󣬿⽵ԼĴڸС
Ϊرÿ˵һο, Ż
еĻ沢ûг֣ΪԷû, ⷴĺ, ʼ
ǰʮ, ʸɾ, ʱ, 񻹺ܰЦ
ɵƵĲ˼ҹ, ÷ò, ǰĸ첲, ɵûСǴѻ𣿻к
ע⵽վһ, ΪԼ͵˼ճʵҾе㱡
˶ӵĹУû۾￴һ˿޻ǳĹǷ
ûϵ, ҽ
ҽ
, ǰһ, Ϊ΢, Ǿʦ𣿡
ϲ/ţڱֽϿ֡
ԣԾȤ
ǵģҿıĺܰҲһȥͧϲιۡᵽ룬˫۾ʢ貵ǹ⣬Ѥޱȡ
һԿķӦֱ˴ؼǸǳȷѡ
뿴ܼ򵥣ȷԺһȥ«έй˲ι۵ľ
𣿡˷ܣ漴뵽ʲôָֻįСǣǻȥհɡ
￩һ£治ԣȵңȥȡ
÷ԣæǣ˵ôȵʲôհߣ̽ݳϣرóԣϻдзȥˡ
ؿĸݣ˶סˡ
ʲôʱ罻ţ֢ģô֪أ
Ȼ󣬼վ̫£ǵ۽ȥɽװ˰ɣҶȡ
ٺһЦûȥҽһȷżٻ«έҲϣȥǶһзٻ
磬һֻзʵⲻзĳԳ̶Ϊʲô˱̬
ڣһССڵسţǶׯģһǸҹ㡣
кСΧߣƯ̳档
СǣöԷԼޣ̣ҽСǣʲô֣
ͣ³ԶĶͷңҽ
ϲ㡫
һͻıףߺţҲϲ㡣
̣ͬѧһɣ㶼ʲôҲעֻûһ
˵ԼĶкܶ࣬־ô˵ǫ飬Ƿ˵֣һ᲻᣿
ͷ˼ҼиûӮùҰְֶֻƽ֣벻սһ£
ʮգ΢΢üȤ
Ӻ󣬻綥˯ǰǿȺ塣
ںǰûôţżܽЦȵʱŽࡣ
ǶȤ󣬵ҲվһԿ֡
·߳ɿҪĳ棬ֻŮҧ촽ֻͮͮƻ
촽ҧˣС񡣡
ͻȻһţط˲ˡ
̧ͷŭСȾһ˿̻㣬ˡ
ôܹأҲ˵Ҳ䣬ûӮ硣
ǸֱУȫŮˣ÷﷭һۣɻﷱôѺӽģ
ɫ죬Իһ𣿡
ԡνصͷȻʼӡ
ʮӹȥˡ
СǼѣ۱С̲ޣ´һӮ
ţá
ʧܺ󣬵һ˸谲οһůҲֻرסСǡ
ʱﷱһѲ˻ˣҲڣʶؿ˶һۡ
ڣվϹϾشк
ﲻǿãô£УҽˣԷɡ
һοɫףЩӦļ򣬰ȥ˰
ڰŸָƬһ⣬ǶЦòã
ÿ˶ԼĹ£ùһƬָСŮ˵:㿴⺢ֻ꣬ԱߵĴԺסಡʱпȥÿ춼ѧ˵ҲҪԸġ
Ƭû˵Ǽ״ҲûʲôϾ˵ıϲͨԼֻܿЩССġ
һ߽ﻹһ
С̣һ㿴
Ȼëˣʮ⣬ӹһǸɵġ
㻨Ǯģ
Ǯ
ôܣɵҲҪϰԪ
Ǹġ
ǻ׷ƷչվģΪأҪƷغˡ
ϣǰŪȷá
ϣС
֪һܰ޺á
뵽ԼٿǮ̨ԷȴǮΡ
һ:̻һʮСӣֱ̫ˣ
ͬ뷨Ļһӣͦˡ
ҹɫ٣ΧһŴԲǰ׼Էˣ
Ϊпڣ÷ֵĺ⣬شʮˣһз
ò˵зҪ«έˡ
ǸһֻԺʹ𣿡
ӹзܲ˼شͷ
ʲôﶼûȻƤԷһܲ
пԼԺĶϱ÷˺ü⣬Ե㣬͵Լҡ
ţлл̡ǰŶǺģһ㲻Ӧ˵עзϣûָͬʱĪԹ
ѵзÿ̫ˡ
ȵʼԷֱ𾪵ˣԼһзû꣬Ѿз
²Ϊ˳зŵϾʦİɣ
÷ؼҡ
ҲĸˣֹȴͷȻͷӦˣ
鷳ͬ־ˡ
鷳߰ɡзܺãҲͣҲҪо˳·ѡ
Ժ⣬ü䣬ŷ뿪
һߣ÷Цҿܳɣ
ǲͷǸ˸߲ҵӣĶ˵ʵ顣
ﷱҲʱջĿ⣬Զ˵ƽʱԷġ
˼˵á
֮ǺĹϵ࣬ʱûƬ¡
ѧУʱһʳãʱҲ¶һ¡
һЩֻƬУǽȷԷɱܺĸĸйء
ںܶűǺӲҳѡɱϢ
˵Ѿ27꣬ѹһҪСǿöֻ࣬Ϊɱ
ʳóԷʱί̽ˣʶôãһ֪ûж󣿡
ҡҡͷشúֱףҸ׺ףûĸ˸ϲҡ
Ƶᣬһƽ¡üǴ㵥һ𣿡
ͺˡʧ漴üһĨʹ֮ɫ֪һֱΪȻϸ񣬵Ӧǰҵģͷŷֻҵһöѡ
Ϊ΢΢û뵽¶ļοѹҪǵĹͷԼ
ţȻô˵Ȼۿ
ʱҴҶգۼֹһڡ
죬յһǽةġĩҪˣΪýˣ뵽
ةرϣҲμӻ񣬵ʵڳ鲻ʱ䣬ֻöǴף
ϲھкĹӪٰ죬ǰĵ͵ķΧϲ졣
Ͻ֦õĸĸڲٿҵɫӣϲЦøһ
ΪˣöԶǸмֱϵһ
ڰλʱɻһִþöɽةϣзߡ
ִ£ʯͷǽةӮˡ
ˣǱڽ¡
Դϴѧ˵һμ档ǳһĨЦþòû뵽ôͽˡ
ţҵӲôʹסơؿϣʮǷᡣ
﷭˸ۣٴɽû̬ȣԹԵ:أô
ͦõģͻ޹ɣһ
ǡƲͷڱˡ
ﾴƾʱöĿڽеɩӣڵĹŹʲôģǵҰ
ãҲءǿٱⱭý˾ơ
뿪󣬽ת˵ٻغ˳·ǰɣ
뵽ŰԴ׵붼û;ܾ˰ɣһҾſˣճ£
ôǾſˣԾ겻˿ڼ
ţָ˵һ£ҺӣүүҸѣþŸˡ
촽û˵ˡ
ϲָ˲ŷ뿪
źüûȥˣЩȥ˳
үӲ֣ܰ֡漼ңԺ͡
ǿǣĵغһ衱
ǰְأ
ǳȥˮһ
Ƭͬǹˮÿ춼ҪͰˮȡ
ǰŵԱߣСǵĽѧУôӦ𣿡
׶԰ѧϰûôѹѾСѧ꼶ˣڵ̫ѧϰܳʦĽһꡣ
ҵְæ


108 
ûһ, 漺ɷñⵣͰˮˡ
˵嶼̫ãˮͰλȥˮǼ״, Ͻȥæᡣ
漿ˣʢЦ, , Ҫȥء
ң
ţϼǱ߼, кСһЩԡ
ɨʱϱΪ飬ڶû, ô
ⲻǱ͵ģҿ֮̾Ķ, Ҳû˻, Ž, ͸
־۱㵽, ڵ¶һЦ˵Ÿл, ӿʮӡ
̸, ǵѧϰ, ԴҪ, Է޶ܷ
, һ飬ȵ٣Ҫ«έȼ, ӸһȥʱܸѧϰͬʱҲڼҰ
ͻܽѧϰôڲСѧγӦò¡
˺Ķ
ֲ鷳ܵһ, Ծܾ, ڼҲѧϰ, ڼѧɡ
֪ΪĨӲô˵ֻܰүӵ֣Ҳүү뷨˼ʹϲϥ
ֻ˵롣
ҳһЩɻĺԺյſھ洫һЦ
߽ȥһƼ÷ﷱƬ
޶վһЦرãкСΧ߲ͣתȦȦ
ˣڲٵңǷ˽Ļ
ǽסǣɷָǳԣǹù͵ģ´μùһҪǵ˵лл֪𣿡
֪ζǰӳײˡ
߽յˣ磬޺ˣ
ţЧΪģкȾһɫרעգûɧ
任ΣһʮƬ
÷ЦֱÿôգԳԲ
ﷱ˿ûоۣеδۼʦأôҲҪһһΡ
÷һǴۡ
ǰɷָңǵ£ĩĻļپˣʱ㲻ҪСֶգҪٶศˡ
粻ȥ棬Ǹҵ⡣ʱ˼һתѵ¶һĨ̫΢ЦС̣ǲһˣҲܸҸҵ
һ漴׹˵
ԣʦѧУ
һЦڱ˴пһĨ˼
ʢ£Ǻյļڡ
ǴһС̤ȥ«έĻ𳵡
Щ˵ʹ޼ҽܶǵһȥųķ羰۵׳ڴ
һڶ࣬𱣻ȫ
˭ȥĶҪͬȥ
˷羰ȥЩˮȣȴԴǵסȥ·
Ѳ׸ңȥӡ
Сϲ鷳£ŲִҪԼȥ
Ȼһ:ϹӶ࣬ĺױƭȥɽﵱϱ
ʲôѻ˵׵°͵ƽʱĽģȫ
֪˵ֻ˶ΣҪȥҲԣȥɡ
ûǶŲ׾ֱ˳ᣬ̾ĬĬ
ʵû𳵣ԲŻִˮΪǿźġһ̳ᣬҵܴˮĵط
ҪˮȴһåڣϡĶҪҪ㣿
תͷֻһش
˲ͷƤ飬ڸոûĻ
Σʱ̣ߵԱߣðӵסåߡ
Ƚˮ
šϽˮѡ
å·ɱҧʵ˭ûҺ𣿡
ɷ˵صٳ˵Цʱ˻ԵúϬ⸱ģܻͦ˵ġ
å״û̫ţԭѾ˰ˡ
ûԷ࣬˾ֱ̳ȥ
ֱ˳ſڣŸҴڴԲ𣬸ոˡ
ϴ̬ã⣬ô˵Ҳ˼ٶԷŵָ
նԺԼҪע⡣
ţллͷڵһʶضҪȿˮһΣ촽ױԵͱ˰סˡ
ˣǿˮ
֪طӦϽѲ׷ŵϣһرøˡ
ڽ;УǺȻһֱ˯羰ˣܷ
Ϊ˲ԭ͵͵ȥ֪֪ôˣѾ˯Сʱˡ
̧̣̲סЦ֪ɡ
ֻ˯û鷢ŷȥչ˱ˡ
ʹܹԣѾҲû֡ڼӵУѴӼдļָÿˣȻִóˮ󵰺ͻƹϷŵϡ
˽סţȳԵ嵭³ٳԺõģ𣿡
ĸӵͷ˼
⸱棬ϻοĸоֺʹûڣæͷת
÷ﷱǵȥܾ˵ʲô
˵զ벻أ
÷һյشͷԼǲˣ
ż¼ˣﷱֱż
Ǽɫ߹ʣǽʱ˼䣿
ֻһװĶ·⻹иװȫǳԵġﷱͷԴĶȻӡ̡
ǰһһ裬ôȱأ
ǵװʱܹĶˣǱġ
ﷱ衸͵ͷʾʱҲڳ
˶ô˵鿴Яļ鼮ʱ˲ˡ
ûпܡȰŽе㼷Ȼóŵ˴
÷ˡϡһȻ
ˣóģԽԽʹˣ
ﷱҲһЦˣϲа
ǶڸпǧЦǶ˼ˣҾĵģѵҲˣһʱǲ
룬Ҳô£㲻پ⡣
ѴҰú󣬶ĬĬ˿ͷ˯䣬Ȼʱ÷ɿ죬Ƕڳ󣬿ɴȴڽȥϣ˶ܹꡭ
ᵽ꣬ǵԺп⹫Ӱ
Ҳ֪үӻ˾ʮ꣬ûʲôط
𳵻Ƶʻţֱڶ峿ŵĿĵءС
ʱ࣬ȥ«έĴֻͷȻûб仯
ϴһ˲䣬һиȻ̺죬ģ
µһ˻δÿ˷һҩ
÷ľɫ۵׾ǻҺˣǾͰᵽÿȥɢӾͦá
ⲻ֧ǣ
ǵĻ䣬廰Ҳз̫ˬˡ
뵽зİ۸񣬶̲סЦȰÿһʳȢϱ¡
Ȣϱ÷ֿʼ˺СɫզôأǲδˣϽˮȵˮ
ûﲻҲû˼ܾԷĺ⣬ӹˮ˵ллŴֻĻζǵָɱһǴϽ֡
ֻսˮû̫ķӦ·ղʲô¶ûз˷Ķѱͨ졭
ڴӾг֮ǰûиǻľʱ䡣
˵ǵһɻ˾ӵġ
߽ϤļԺǵĽŲӯкСҲһ˷ܣͬ鳲С
УѾʼੲݵؽżеȳ衣
磬ԪжůУж䡭
ʹýζ뾡ЩСһǡ
ַڿǻˣʮظǴк
ڿһ˲䣬Ǽòˡ
СǣǸջզû֪һҺȥ㰡
ãôأͲ鷳Ӫˡ
ǸջҪϢûٺġ
ԿԲԭǴǽשҳԿ״ţһ󹷷
ǽնգǽԪĺѡ
СΣΪһһܼĳԱ
޼ҽ棬һȣû뵽ǼôС
Ŷǽݣ÷⺢氮ɾӴɨģһҳûС
СǴӶܵݣٴܵ⣬һȦûпְֵӰ
裬ְ
Ůڴ񣬶ʵ:ҽԺûأ벻ȥ°ࣿ
룡СǾٸСֶЦòá
һϽ֣Ҳ룡ҲҪȥ
ǴӦְ֮²һ飬ΪҰŷ䡣
ΪޣǺ÷СŮ˯һݣסһݡ
ȵ鶼źãȥҽԺ
ĺǳʪģͷŴ󺣵ζоǾ
Ҳѧʲôûŵ
裬ŵʲôΪʲôŲ
Ϊǻ̫Сȳ˾ŵ
Ŷԭ
ûʣǱԶҽԺע¥ĳšְ֡
Ĵɤźܿ˱˵ΧۣǼ״Ͻͣаְ֣ģǰһٺòã
ʱ¥칫ҡ
ڸ߿΢΢üȥȴʲôû
ǣԼǷΪ˼ȶ˻þ
߼ŲãЩģⲡǲǲˣ
Ӳ֪ԷԼΪɫ˵:ģֻС⣬ԼŻԼ
߶˶촽ֹ
˵:ŻҰ


109 ɫδ
ԽԽ, ǵĲھ칫Ҳ׵ʱ򣬺ǿʼӿٶܵ, һ뵽轻Ļܵſʱɲ, ûֱӴ롣
ס, ̧Сһš
ԭǴ򿪵ģ̧˲Ϳ
ְڿԼ, ְ֣һˣ
СǼл߿, ֻ۰Ͱ͵վſڸż
ЦһЩע, ֱ뿪ź˵һ仰, أ
գգ۾оί, ְֶ˵, Ҳ, ֻ
ʱ, ߽칫Ҹռ˵ע
˸, ˴оǻϲ
ҽ, þòţ
, þòҺ㡣˵Ʋסظ߸ǰźǵ, ͷѵˮһǡ
кСǵһڣְҲǣ
ԭǻͦ, ڰְ, ԭɡ
Ͼûиҹ, ˵ĸһΰҪְ֣
˼֮ʣСѾһŴֱӵĸ첲ְֱ
ɰмˣΪ˭ְֵĻʹ
Ӱͬʱ칫˲䰲ˡ
ؼҵ·ϣǰһЩ¸߸֪֪һҪӷַ˯ʱ̾
ǻϢһ磬칦Ժ֪ˡ
߲ˮྣڴھеĽ
÷ЩھӣʮðѾȤ½ѴӾдزָҡ
ƯͶ˸ܶͷɻ˵ھͱ÷ˣҼСѧأʱҶ󡣡
һԷҲǾѧǸ˼Ъˣת
ʦûҶţǵզأ
÷Լԩҿɱ׵ˣﷱÿֻ˵һж︣ӴһӹҲ⡣
⻰ѽùЦЦ˲˵ҪҸʦܸ󣿡
ʵ÷˺ܶģܾͦԵݣٹһ¡
Ҫ˵ɣ껹ؼңæ
ɣʶͦùأҪæ֨
Ȱѽˣ÷ûھţѴ߲˶һ
״Ͻæ̣Щھӿ顣
ǰദüĹϵԺ֪ˡ
Ҫô÷ֹ:ȥתתɣĴ󺣿ˣ
˵Сȥ߿èڼﲻݣ
߳ϹźЦУҴȥ߿䣬õˡ
ȻùűߵĲñͷϣڵһ롣
ɫ΢΢죬ûڻϵć£ҺôҲȥȻ治˼ദ
֮ǰһֱɣǵһο󺣣˵Ҫȥ߿䶼쳣˷ܡ
߳ţǻǰ棬Ŀռ䡣
ǴͷЦʵǮķ羰ͦĴ
ƲԶ֣ȫЦţķ羰ȷ
ΪƯ·кܶھʱۣٴεͷֲˡ
С˼һ˲ժͷϵĲñֱӿԴϡ
ɹˣɡ
ͻӰ΢΢һņ̃ͷ˫Ц˵˾л
һʱ׹˸ñ⣬ɵͷһůҲſ˰ġ
󺣷紵ȹȹڣγһķ羰ߡ뿴òȴǶĲñֻʧȥ
ܷܲ̽ɽ񾭣Ŵһͷ羰
Ϧ£ʱȾɫӰںϣγһĻ
ĺһ֣̤˻Ц
վڰߣǵϲȾҲЦòá
ʱȻ˻ӶԷɲǣ鶼ú΢
һߣӸŶǻصʱԺΥ̻һҸӯġ
÷ˣҲһЦݣЪǻǾͳԷ
ҪܳԷǴкСȥԺ￴ǵĺѡ
նպˣƵëɫһҡβͣǵúǼʵۺ졣
裬Ϊʲôնֻأǰιͷ
Ƚϲ˵ĺӰɣʳĺӣûôϲ
С겻̫⣬תȥһһˡ
ԪͽΧڶһҲһ£ͼͽն衣
ڽնϴֻèüצӾͷģնչѲֻܺ뿪
ǵ飬һһֻСèƺѾ˶˭
СǸǳ˺öСɲŻĲ䡣
ȻһֻóҰС̷ȥ׷ֻӡ
ְ֣ǽԪֻ𣿡
Ѽ£Ůǿģüۼ価ᡣ
ǵģû֣ҪҪ֣
Сվڤ˼ΣȻ֣µ˵:ô󣬾ͽðɣ

֣̲סЦŮһǴǣǾˡ
СŷӦô£šüͷþãǽáɰѣҲ䣡
ǻʱɫѾˡһûԷȻͷ˼û뵽һڵǳԷ
ҲеǶ˰ɣǿԷɣꡣ˵ţժ²ñҴҽݡ
Ƕñ÷һת̫ԾİѴеԱСʵǳȥʱûɶ·զо̱鲻̫أ
һã˺ܾҲûʲô¡
Ӻӿʲʲôֻա
һҹǼҵӵһסôˣΪ㹻˯һ㶼
ֱ˯үӣֱҶ˹ģûһ˯ġ
һѴүм䣬һ̾
̾Ȼʵôүү˯
û뵽үӻû˯æС͵ǣֻʲôʱһžۡ
ҳϣһ㰡ķǡϱͳϣûʲô˵ģ
ڰУЦڲٱˡ
һ䷿Ҳ˯ž
ʱصҪȥ˭ҴűȽϺãַھô߲ˮҪһһһȽϺá
Ա߼һֱû˯ɵҧ촽ԥſʣСǣδʲô𣿡
һ漴һĨǳЦӵеģҵδأԼδʲô
Ƶĵƹ£ı龭ʹȻ˵ǰǺڰɫģ԰ɲɫġ
л˵


110 õضɽҡ
ڶһ, Ǳ˯ģޱϤ𴲺ţջˡ
ǵһֺ, еܾ档
Ҳ׷𴲣ûһġ÷ﷱ̫ȥ˺, ûˣ̫, Ҳȥˡ
ȥɢԾȽϰ, 뵽ɢ鵱С
ֻкСǺɫ䵱˶ĵݡ
ӷǳԾϵΧȹ, Ȼĸˣʲôܻ̯
Ӳ, ڻϳټ, һ㶼Ƕ
ӱһյ, Ǿܾ, Щʧ, úܺó, Ĳԣ
Ǹܾ, Ժֱˡ
ô, Ѿµ˭첽ȥ, ȻСֶպͻ硣
Сֶڿǵһ˲䣬˹ȥ΢е, ټϺ׼Ǳ˵ú, ҺӼʱסĲ
С, ˣ
, ҲܼҲˣô
¡Ҷˣ㲻Ҿȥп㣡
мһֱ費֣ЩԴףֶո磬ˡ
˼ǣ֣
СֶɿǻԷǿ֡
ͷúóԵġ
²۵С㱻סˣûϴˡ
˵Сֶߵ˭˵ûϴϴˣ
кСԱֱЦû뵽ֶոԭṊ̀
ֶ䷹ģӲ緹Щʲô
˼ȥ
ﻹ̲ˣ󼸿ˮ󵰾Ϳˡ
ڳæµӰűЦʣҷڳսŵ㲻
ӰѰŪɺ״ãţһŬġ
ʱСŴ԰ժ˳طڰϣְ֣á
Ļ䣬ҲŽﻹװżƹϺӣСĶУǰѲ԰Ӷˡ
Ĳ԰ӶһŪģʲôҪΪЩûɵ߲ˣƤ¡
ǰķӦǶЦˣֱЦ˲УΪʲôҪûĲժѽǰɲġ
գһ۾úί˶࣬²ԡ
Ǻõģûٹָ
һסŶֻгĹʵܳԡ
Ϊܵõ佱ȴԴĬˡ
ѧУСֶǸôοˣóһѲ˵ɫĲ벻棿
бȥĿ⣬˲Ȥ磬档
ӺԺӵĽ䣬Ȼһװ²ӣǶͷͷһȫעӡ
ʯͷӲ˭Ӯ˭ȵ˭Ȱ򵯽Ӯ
һʱ֮䣬쳣ңкСҪֶС꣬־һ㶼ССֶԭɵ̬ͻȻһΣʶ
ȵڶֽù˰׾롣
̫ˣԶ
кСǶһ£Ȼͷν
ͬˣСֶնѲȻָһܿ͹˳ȥ
ֻһԶûȥ
кСǵΪԶˣҲûȥ
űƣСֶղ˲ͷϵĺƨɺԺǽһܽӴΪɹϧûȥ
ֵе򣬵СֶˣٳٲԸŲطк磬ֵˡ
Сӽһ㣬˭ԸŹԷ
ͻȻֻѵһԺǽǵĶײ¼ǽשҿʱûҵˡ
¿ɰɵˣ֪Ǻá
СȷӦģæܽݣȥְ״
ȶǺϢ߳ʱֻкСֶɵվһ޴롣
ô£˵ڴܣ
æڰ֣ȻϸոǴΪ
С̣Ҵˡ
裬Ҵˡ
ǵ̬ãֹȰû׷ҲͣϷǽˡ
Сֶ˵죬ǵɫûҰѷĻ˵ڡ
Ӱȫ뿪ˣŴԺǽӰѵשͷᵽһߣȻоԺǽô죿
ǽĺ治ס˼ңȥߵ֡Ժǽ޺ã
ôǼש𣿡
ͷשҤ٣ש١
˼ҼʯͷǽֻǼҵԺǽשݵġ
ӦûãֻɶˣԲŻ
صԺǽﶼȥֻڼԺǽͿˡ
Ҫæȴʱǽʲô
ӣ㿴ʲô
ָķ򿴹ȥҲע⵽쳣
˶һۣٴչȥ鿴ֻǽһСֽǽשѹġһ˹Žȥģﲻɵÿһ¡
οõģȻǽаǸֽСذ
ֽ鱾ô˲²ʲôӵԭ˭Ҳö֪
ǶǸֱֽӽϼװʲô޹ء
һ뵽иֽƤӵ´ôã붼¡
ͬԺǽΧѰҰ죬ʲôûҵ
һֱĹ۲ߣ˴Ժǽҵһֽ˭Ҳû˸ҶʣǻǽҪܣ˭ʶ˵
ڴһ֮ǰֽȥ˲ӡ
÷߽УȴڼңǣŮأôֻڼң
뵽ղ״ֹֻתƻȥҪȳԷɣģܺóԡ
ϲԸΪʢȻȥǼǡ
ʹǵһμСֶգк־ò˼и˽ܡ
Сֶÿͣһ򣬺Ǳ浽һȥ
ԺɳЦصԺ
£ȴֱСʱ֮Űλ
һԣʮĬȥ˲񷿡
ôǸֽ﾿װʲô
л˵


111 
һ, ޲ӵǼΪȷġ
ǸֽһϸͼͼԺÿļͥϣ֮⻹ǧԪǮ
ӵЩǽݺ֮
ֽĨ˿Էʴҩˮ, ǽڲ
Ŀǰ޷жֽⷿһλǰµģֻ˳Ҿû˲Ųڴ˵ص, ⶼҪ֪֮
, ǿǿֹΪʲôǧǮأ
ǧԪֿ:һֻǵǮ¶¸䷿ӵ, ̰ǮͲЩϽϼڵ㣬ֻҪǮ, ĳЩ˻Դв뵽ǵĶ鵱С
һ֣ĿļΪն, ôҲԺﲻֶֹ
ֿԼ, ϾǧԪǮɲһСĿ
Լ̰Ƶ, 鷳ɣ
龪һģ, ۵ͷ, , һȥԺǽϡ
ǳһ, ҪԵ㷹ѹѹСҪ߳ʱ, ֱס첲סȥ·
ôб£̧ͷ, ۵Դ
һͱ˸ס˴
ӽֻſֱĲѰһ֧ŵ㡣
ڲУ:һ˽ô죿ǻǿȥɡ
, űš
ǳǳıζö, һγС
ٴ, Ҳûָǡ
֪˶, ˣˮȡˮưʢˮ˹ˡºȣ÷ŵøϽֹѸ˰׿ˮܺˮСĶﳤӣ
кСǵС̴˼ˮͷҲˮư
ǻ÷ÿˮͬʱ̲ס߶ţ´κˮһҪǵòܺˮ׿ˮҲһʡ
վһŹɵͷӦرѣ֪
ǺӲһĻʶر޽Ǵ鷢ôûעҴһݡ
ʱͨ죬ɻʵôˣǱ̫ɹ𣿡
ùСһŷԼģжô˸棬Һû̸ⷽ£Ȼܴˡ
ţҺ߹
û߹һ˵ͦ棬æöǽ͸
ʱ⣬ϹЦǽԺǽҺЩשûʱԺǽͱݺˡ
ʱǼԺִ顱
ӷĹȥţǰһĿڡ
ã
ֻ겻Ѿɴģӳ΢ЦٰѴýԺ
ڵĺܳڿʱȫһ¡ǻ磬ӡУӦúһֻǸӣŷֶԷѾˣɻǸӡ
磬þò
ԷǰһЦûûΣҵһ˿ϤУţþò
һֱͨ飬ֻü仰Ĺ򣬱ָֻ
߽ݣǺҲ˳ڿǵһ̣ϵЦݸС̣ôдŰǲǰˣ
ᵽǺܲ˼ʵ̫æˣѧһд
ŮٵʦѧУܺĸǳð׼Ҹĸں÷ʱ͵͵ʵѧУûС̽
ϧֻһǰۣ˼·˵:ү
ȤƲƲ죬̫ûҵΪλԱǰԼˡ
Ͷ꣬ȥһ磬ǻһȦܣȻѺֵ˵ĵطСʵG㿴ͷô˧˧
翴Ӳ˿ķͲϲüͦѿ
ɴ˫۲ŵؿֵܱˡͿʼôѿأ
ѧУûϲŮ𣿡
ָ̾Լ۵˵һǸӣûô뷨
ŷӦ֮໰ⶼûˡ
˵ոպŮСͬѧȷϵ
ϣǻһ⣬Ҹĵġ
һߣǺʦ˱˴˵Ľʦ̧°ָָԶİС˵ûѧˣΪͲòˣ
ｲһ곣Ǿʮšܹ飬ļ飬ȥôȥǮ£ӺЩȥ
ԴӶ뿪ʦٳȥ֣⻰̵ͷͬ⣬ðֿһҷݣʱҴȥ
˵߾ߣСʱѾվڽеͷ
ҲУΪڵͶߣǶñҿ죬ñ˺ܶ࣬رһ
ǾܴñҲǰ취˼ȥ뵽һ⡣
ٻ¥ȥ۾̨
̨ڵ۾ʽ̫࣬˰죬ѡһġ
Сǣܹ𣿡
£ô֪ùӪҵԱݹƽ⾵ϡ
ܵסһò
ĴȤֻܲİ˵Ŀ⡣
һһˣĸıѾܲˣļЩ˵Ȼۣ丱īŴ
ĻЦ⸱۾Ƭˮģ𡢱۾ĹЧ
Ҳ֪ǲã⸱۾ܸоûôˡ
ʦһԿţɻλﳤôƯΪʲôẦ±ƣ
Ҳֻĵ׷ֹûʳڡ
ţȥŮװгĿĿʽǺܶ࣬Щʽû÷Ư
ʦпԴȥкڵ϶Ҳò÷ˡ
֪ȸĸ￪źϷдռװгʱƯ·ʦͲķˡ
Ӱٻ¥˶ûл͸Ǯ¼ұʦĸ
Ǯ£ʦǺ۹Ρ
㻹֪ɣǮǸøˣҺĸǮȻᱻøƭߡɩҲǸˣȰء
ǲͦʡܰѻµĸĸϡ
Ҳԣⱳôףǵ󡣡
Ŵһһܿ쵽˾Ժſڡͨ˳ԺǮѵ¥һ˷ܣѽôˣСʲôʱģ
˵ţǰסˣǼǰһЦŻرסģһʱ㣬ɣ
ǮɿЦضĴָȻؼҡ
ڼ䣬ݣλ߲ǮͻȻȻ𾴣ȫ
ǰı仯ʣôɲ㡣
Ǯ²˼ͷԶǱ¶رڵûúѧϰҾˣרһҪϿѧ֪ʶʱҼұǰҲ
л˵


112 Լ
߽ܼҿ, ƼΪ׼ˮˣЦǰһʲôʱأû뵽ôͼˡ
λʦĸ, ǼΪ𾴵ġӿ涵óһСӣϹϾصݸƼ, ҴӾп, úر䣬Ͽ
һƵ, ŶׯƼʮϲ, Ǽ״Ͻóϣú󻹲䡣
ǮһԿ, Ĵָ, òԷ̫, źһĻŭš
İ˼ͻúִܾ, Աֻ΢Цû˵
Ƽϻü, ܾе, ȴ벻
һӸҽ, ʵ̫, 벻Ҳ
Сͬ־, Ǿбˣ
Ȼеţ, ǵġ
ס
ڳǶ
Ŷ
Ƽü, ھгҽԺĸƹ, ɷȥǡ
һǶһ, Ҳˡ
ֻͨ죬Ҳû̫ȥ
۵ʱǶݣҪʱ򣬶뿪ܼҡ
Ǯǵ֣ʾٹһȥϿʱԶҲȥչ¶һ³ա
뵽Զĺóգʮڴ
ϻصĿʹĺˣһζĳطøУѡȹѡ
ȵǻصʱŵԺѾƴӡ
ڻˣ²ۣλ̡㣬ǿôһȥ
ǳ˸ۣû㶼˵ʵҸҪ㣬쿪ʼҪҼұҪǲϰΣû
ӰӲͷ˿ЩᣬǻлܷܲŹң
ܣѾͬˡ
ЦúܻùǺȴҶ˵ʲôֻĬĬ̾ٱȥ浽˵ģˡ
ڶ峿
СѾۼڶǼҵԺÿһţ鶼ͦ档
Ƕһܴĺڰ壬Сѧһ꼶Ľ̿д⡣
ǺͻһԺȲˮ
дϰ⣬תǸģӲûˡ
СǰҪһɫʦҪֽѧ
ƽø飬˵ȰѺڰϵһ£ҪǵĻ֪ʶֱ滮ѧϰȡ
ЩС㶼ӵģһҵͷ
ԭɵʱ򣬴ĳɼ㲻ɵ˾о͸ˡԸæΣüΪ档
Сֶձ˭ãͲΣԴ֪㿼һҲȥкһƹˤļơ
ܺӲѪѹߣֻĬĬԼҪԵ·ˡ
õʱСʵô㲻ܹܣ
ȻŲˮȫ⣬ʦҲԽȨ
ҧУһģҿܲܡ
ϧĿʧˡ
ſαϽ̨ʱСֶվһƵģñֱӻԾԣǻģͬһѧ
⸱棬׾°͡
ԭСֶܺӲǲѧϰǿ²˵
СҲһԻ綼Ϊ𾴡⳹׼˰Ķ־Լרҵӣ
ļ죬͸˼ѪƵģÿؼҶҪΣÿ峿ǼңֻΪΪ⼸Ŀõʦ
ǰĸı俴ﻹЩƣõĸı䣬Ҳûϸԭ
ʦӵĸıرģΪ˻лǸ˰һ˵ĻᣬְҵС
ԽԽȣεصĳڡѧϰΧȾҲʱ̺֡
֮ǰǸﷱ衺ѧë̵֣Ӳ֡
дʽȫ֮ͬǰëٺҲҪѧ
ССǺ̫Сֻϰʻ֡
ͬѧÿһƪ֣дõСѻý
ʱ䣬۾ڸдʱ棬ģøС
÷վڴЦǺǵؿһԵ˵㿴СõĹﰡͲŬŬȢؼң
ü΢΢죬Һʡ
ôͲˣвŮò䰡
÷⻰Щ״¶һĨǳЦˣ顣
£ˡ
Щ꣬ȫĸУӶǹģ˭ܼǵ鰡
һƻŮ޸һУȷʵ̫ʡ÷촽֨ˡ
裬ⱲӲȢӣллҵĺá
ô˵һ裬ҵȻҪãǴһӹɲУ
Ҫתæ˵ϲϽˡ
֮ززıӰ÷̲ס̾
ʱһȥǵѧϰܴ󣡴ѾȫСѧһ꼶֪ʶ
ģ
ԼĽѧɹÿ춼Сؼҡ
ʦ״̬ϲϣƽʱ̬Ҳᡣ
٣ڡ
һߣСֶΪ쿴Ư衱ûͶźӰ
ԱĴΪҶЦòá
Ϊ˸лͻĸ˺Ӱ
ùΪգĽЩǵഺ껪
ȻƬֵЧǺڰɫģɲǼļǳġ
һ٣ÿ˶ڱ˴˵ϧ£ǴһС̤˻ؾг
ӰϳͶԼĶټ
ںֽǼ£˵˽һҪһʱĺġ
εͷӦ
гӰҲСкСŰְֱСڵȫˡ
ֻȰ˵ǣȵˣͿԿְ
Сգգۣʶʲôʱ
Ǹʲôʱһްʲôʱˡ
Сҧ촽պܾãҲû뵽˶ްĺð취
ȥ׶԰ʱȻ⣬Сô죿
Сüָͷ뵽һð취
㻹жѹǮ
Ȼ֪ԷΪʲôҪСȻʵشжʮǮأ
ӦùˣС˵ʱܿˡ


113 
ڶһ, ﷱͺȥѧƽ˸߲ҵǣֳˡ
ȴһ̬, ˵ʲôУһҪȥС
, ֻܶһȥѧ
һٵķ, ӶɹһȦ
ȥѧУ·ϣСǳڴʣ, Ҷްְ־ܻ𣿡
ǻûô˯, ûȥ˼ŮΪʲô⡣
ţġ
һεõ϶Ĵ, Се, ¶õЦ, Ѿڴְֵĵ
л֪ô, Цô, :ѧôһ㶼ѧ
ǰĩ, Ժȡ
Ϲ, ÿ¶̫һ򳵴ķ羰, Ժﹴվеĺͼ
, ҽĸ￪ŵϢ׼ü׷ӣʱһʡ
ʱ, ֪˭ڳﺰһ䣺Ǯˣ
æ§³ʲôͻ״
Ԥϰ, кһƬɧŷǸŮ˵Ĳˡ
˾ʦ, ҶǮ, ⳵ϵ˶³
ƱԱ״߹ȥʣ㶪ǮôҶң
˶ʮǮǶ³
ʱһ㶼Ҫϰѧѧ
ҿɲʱ˷棬˾Ͳˡ
ǵС͵ţϰٵǮǮͲ
ɲйš
ۼһվϵˣվ׼³ǮŮ˾ǲߡ
һʱ֮䣬ġ
СĻС˵裬¡
Ӷܵţذǣ£ƱԱ̻ܵġ
ȻĻ䣬ƱԱѾŭˣǳɶǰɳȥɳ˭ȥǾС͵
ƱԱڹϺлȨôһ𣬴˲䲻ˡ
Ŀ˸ֻʱϽ·
ܿ죬ʻɳǰҷ׷³˲ûżȥǵ˶³󣬲ų䲻ѾӾܡ
տʼǻûӦʲôԶ˲Żع񡣶ǮŮ˿һĻޣ˼ȥɳҲ·ƽȥ׷С͵
ôһӵѧʱһСʱ
Сǻڸոյľ֮Уȫ͵Ŀġ
ʱ䣬׶԰Ѿšֻү֪ͨʦӺӽȥ
Ӻʦſﻹһֽӣڳɫһַĸо
ǲԾ¿ˮ:һСʱô𣿺ʦԹ̫渺ˣ
ʦ߽˵Сǵ裬ǽһ˵ɡ
áһãظʦȥһô
ȻؽңСһͷվûʦǰ衣
ʦʲô°ǲѧУֲã
ʵСʵ벻ͨѧ죬ǵ׸ʲôʦ
һѩ⣬С͸ȫСѵģÿʦӵݵУ˵ǣѩǱҪްΪĸף֪֪£
ǵɴ˫ۣϽͣҲ֪ΪʲôҪô
ʱûʣѩСͬѧģ£ȸһ˳ѩߡ
ǿŻѩԴ𾪵УôҲû뵽ԼҺӻôѩ⣬һôҪ
ʦѩ̫ˣҲԲ갡ȥͬǷ˰ɡ
ʦڰּգ󻹲ȺӷѧؼҪúùͨǧܴӡ
˵ǣһѩ߳׶԰
ؼҹƶˮˣ˼תתȥУ԰
ѩ۸Աһ㣬ֻҪ̣С
ʱľѧѾ½УֻǻûʽϿΡ
£ԵĺߣܿѧǵӰ
ǽ촩һɫȹƤɫȹͬʮעĿ
ԭûԲŻᴩôۣΪѩ⣬ˡ
ٵȥѩǻɣǺƤÿһ˶ʶԷѩ⡣
ԭھǰһ˵֮˽֮˭ܾܾһŮأ
ŮֻҪǿڣǶһʮӵʱ䣬ѩѾòˡ
ǮѧУѩҲͦ׬Ǯ
ֻѣҪȥˣѩⲻʲô׬ͷ
ѧᣬŽʣѩȥѸ֪ûзУ
ʱڳǶҡ
ڷһǣžµ
ุһëӺݺϳ飬ˣ㻹ϳϴϸѧĶҰˣͱˣ
⻰̧ͷѾ27겻7꣬ûȨٸҵɡ
ǡ̸ɣҸóԺúȹ㣬㻹˼̸ɣ˵һȥˣ
һ´ϣ۵亹ֱðҧ촽һβѰͷúûȥ
ֻǺͬѧȥˣΪʲôͲһأ
ǾǿุܾЩһˣҹζ࣬¼ë˵ĩᰲףʱʲô۶ӡ
˵ͷҲص뿪䣬ߺĸŽŮ˿Ůϵ˺ۣˮСԲ̫ų˱㣬ǧ֣ôҲΪá
˵ǣ˲ʮ飬ÿ״ʱĸܻ߿ߡ
ǰһδܾøĸǰģҲģôˡ
һֱĬĸЩ񣬡С㲻ǰɣֻǲ㱻ƭ˵һƻŮϹһô죿
裬ҲסԭͲ룬ڸӲ롣
Ϊĸ˿ģε׶󲻽˧ͥãƷҲû˵ٷϴˡ
뵽ϴǸ׶ĸҲƣ׵ռŮ˵ģһֻѣȢҺСܵÿû¡
ϧԷбģֻܰԹʡ
˫ۣԸЩޱǰЩǳһ徲ӡ
ֻһ£裬ǴСңҹܽϿ³Ҳ̸ǲֻΪҼ޸ǸʲˣƷΣֻҪԷܿҾУ
ĸʵһĲɵÿһ£漴СôôǣҺΪã
·Ҫ̫Ѩ˫ֱͷ޹⣬Ȼֱ⣬һ׵ģȳȥɣ˯һ
׷ʻӦףĸΪǵĻǻһ۵˵ϵҩɣҩú˯һ
ţá¶ԷɣͷҩˮĨϲȥʹֻıøѡ
ȥӺǷѧСѧУѾܹʦʱ裬صͷ
ð˵æ˵û˵ǣǹġ
ñãǺοǹⶺŪ:ʲô˵˵
дͷ˵ˣС۸磬ڳϴ:Ҳʳָңʳң촩ްģѩԶҲ
Щʦģȫסˡ
ϴ̬ãʣ˵˵ΪʲôҪѽ
Сգգʹ۾һ޹˵ް͵ˣְֿ
һ̣ǵǿһͿû뵽ɡ
Ȼ۰Ͱ͵ؿԼ§˻ܿ͵ȰְˣҲֿˣ𣿡
𣿣Ҫְ֣ӻȸԾǿֵģעĿ
صҺСǺܺЩѩⶼȥˣҲҪѩ⡣
ΪǼס£ֻ˵ЩѩȫԵˣΪˡ
Σһ赹ˮһ贷رɶ¡
ǺܵֻϣʱܹһЩȻǳˣôƭͲˡ
ٽѧǰ漴Ǽҡ
ŲһžӯѶһΪǷʲô۶ӡ
СǣҽлģûȫĹͣץסǵ֣Ϊŷ
ǸܵϲҲеˣŬųɹģЩζҽ̵ģҲȫҵĹ͡
ĸŮ߽ݣ÷ΪǶˮͬʱҲԴ޼޲ڡ
֮ǰںĵƬѾϴˣȻתȥƬ
ӺİƬ
ϴõƬȫ࣬Էǽˡ
ҳ޼õЩƬһ飬ÿƬʮŰװŷó
ʱ⴫һȥͼվһ㣬ʮ䡣
Gǰ컹ȥˣͬѧ˵ûסУ
ţʱûȥסǹһĨǳЦ
ǼٳûԺţæȥǣ֣ˣϴںĵƬˣҪҪȥ
۾һĨɫ߽һźӰ
ôҺͻĵûɣ
ƬЦݵԼͷԶԵ˵˾䡰лл
СǣܰЩƬ͸𣿡
谵ķǰƬŽŷȻݸⱾģŰɡ
ڽӹŷʱɨһĵգʹְƬùٳöǲעʱ¿ڴ
ҲΪʲôҪƬܡΨһų԰ɣ
һ͵飬ֻɫ̣鲻ѡ
ƽ˫ŷЦŶԶ˵:СǣˣԺټ
ڵƹ谵ǲûвʲôֻΪһͨĸЦػص:ţȿѧһʳá
ֻǵЦ
л˵


114 Ѱ
뿪ѧʽϿλʱ, ǰѼȫɨһ飬ӵķ䣬깶ҵߡ
ĺɻ, ׼ԺЩܿĻ
ů£ϴĴ·¸, ΢ζ, ɢŵ
æµ󣬶ҡ΢ɹ̫, ʮ⡣
÷æˣԱ´֮ǰ, ƬϴûҴƬý˿ء
ۣЦ, ôİҸ˵ӡ
ô˵, ÷, ֮ǰСͦ, Ƕ, дԸ޸е, ȷʵûϷԾٰһ
ĸΪûû˵߶ȥ, ǸϽҡվ, ȥƬ
ʱ, ﷱ衱ִڳɫԿܲá
֮ǰûڼб¶ָ, ĸŮ˺ܺ澩󾿾ʲô£Űͷ
첻ȥѧУզ
ﷱ衲ûش÷ʻ̧Զǳ˵ʧˡ
ǵԴ˵һ, ˲Ȧ, , ᲻ᡭ
Ļ˵ڣϣʵ
ﷱ֪˵ʲôɫø࣬ʱû֪ȥҲųֿܡ
⸸Ůڴգ÷һɻ󣬡˵ɶأСȥˣ
뵽˵ʵֻӸӵְﲻʲôæﷱ衺ǵûʲôСĸҳˡ
Ǻôҳأǲᰡ
÷ӡУǸʵܵСĹûܸɳô󵨵¡
ﷱ衵ĻѻԲȥæ˵:裬ȥǲ˯ˣôأ
ȥ
òװ÷֧Сﷱ衣֣⵽ô£Сʧٶˣ
ĸѧУˣ֪Сʧˣĸ˵Ѿһһҹûлؼҡ
ܴһǴ룬йɱ˵ġ
һǹһʱ벻ʬ嶼ҵ
ҡҡͷͼ˦ޱȲпļ裬첽򰵷Լķʽˡ
ȻƬѱˣƬȻڣϴƬȥѰˡ
ﷱ衿ĿҲæ
ļ죬Ƭȥ˺ܶطͬѧڿʱһңֳô󶯾ܿҸĸĲ
һ죬ѧУһҵ˶ǡ
Ƕǵһμĸ˴ùüȴдšꡱ֡
վδߣุü˵ǽ㣬ϣ㲻ҪѰСˡǵΪСкܴӰ죬ҲϣʱԵһɣ
ôòȻĻöһѵӦҪ𣿼ʹҲæˣ治Ҳһ𣿡
ุһƢʼܻô˵أҪΪ㣬ҼСҲҳߣˣ
޶ָ𣬶Ƕ챻Цˣ׽ôΪҲ֪СʲôϿʺӣСҰ¶ȥ
ʵʲô֪ơ
ʵʵĻҸĸסˣֻɫһ䣬価Ǿţ㣬˵˵ʲôСһ
ţһ˵ɡش˸Ƿ׼ȥ˯
ӵ̬ȣุ˫ֱ󣬴Ҵ뿪ѧУĸ״ֻθϡ
ĶӵıӰƲƲ죬˻ĸĸ
ʱһȥ˼һѰһ˿Ϣ
ǵִȣܶͬѧѾѰҡҸĸҲѧУѧ
ÿλʱĳǶûɫҵһ˿ͷöǼš
֪ʧٵϢʱǰԺ
ݵϣѵĬ˺ðβʣǶȥҹܱ߳ȥ𣿡
ḧƣüĻش:ܱ߶ȥվվҲȥûһ
ţúϢɣƬңҡ
Ǿؿڲһ˿Ծ㹤æ𣿡
ûϵ⼸졣
õƬʹҴ뿪˶Ǽң÷״̾˵СզԵ޷أ
ڿһŵǵûôۣ˵ûԵ֣Ҫ֪
ˣȥǼƬùһŸýȥ
ĸ׻ڲ£ǼװȥȡƬ׼һ߶ԷƬˡ
Ƭģ٣ֻ֪
ֻû뵽ǣյĵطǿյģ֮ǰģôûأ
Ƿ䵹˰ҲûҵƬ
ŹĿı죬˼䲻ܳҲ˵пܱˡ
䰵⣬ֻл羭롣ȥһ磬ûùƬ
ȻǷ񶨵ġ
ֻܼڤ˼룬ѻɶϡ
Ϊֻһʱ
ֲöǰһҲȻ뵽һܻȥĵط
æϳе·ȥʾָӴ绰
绰һͷʱæ˳˵Һ֪Сˣ
ǣ
ǱŪһʶΪԼܲ绰ˣתһ־òԡ
ҽˡ
ŶŶ̺ãҽȥڡ
̡е˻󣬶ǲüȻᣬλֶŮ֪ʲôʱ𣿡
л˵


115 ˺꾫
绰һ˵ĺһ, 漴˵̫˵пһСʱҲпһʱ䣬ҽҪҰת𣿡
Ҫ, ллֻҪǷƵСְѵ绰ҵˣ˷ѵ绰ѡ
ͲĽ־, ǹһĨЦЦ
Էһ, ̡
ֶŮ˻ô
ǵ, ɵİԵһζԷʶʱ, Ѹٹҵ˵绰
ŵ绰һͷཡæǷͲ, ӷһ籨
籨ֻм:[ˣ]
ֲ֮ͨһ绰, ǽ𣿡
ǣԷ绰, ʶһ, õ״̬
ڴ绰, Ͳڶ, ŴĿ̰ͷԶ, ȵ˲ŰͲ, , 鷳Ҹˡ
ţáŰ칫棬ûȥΪʲôҪԶæʲôˣ˵ɡ
ǰ߸֪, ڳôݣ˼תתȥСֶհ񻭳
Ǻ費, Ӧܻš
ͽ, ûٸӲ绰, ͷҲص߳ʾȥ
ʱ«έҽԺ
һƣػص칫ңͼʵϰҽܰһݵķ
üͷ壬ҲΪ˭ģ
ܰǸԺֶŮƽʱˣӶԼ̬ȣʱίİ칫ûأ绰ͽˡ
˭ӵ绰ģ˲һַĸо
ңҲҪ𣿡˵ţʼµᣬҽԲҴˣ
뵽ͨ绰пӴˣĪţԷ˭
Լ޶ԣܰЩӣʲôҪ¡
仰ûĹһֲظһ飬Ƕ˵ʲôˣ
ˡֶ̡Ůĳƺû˵ܰѵ绰˵һ飬ĩ˻Сֹӣһ绰ѶԸ˷ء
ͨݺѳȵסԶǵ˽⣬Էһ
ǲʲô
ܰǵһμôףŵûٿޣ֧֧˵ûʲôǡòسƺһ̣ʲô𣿡
һ̣ɱ˵ĶУʾֻز绰ɶû˽
ԺٽҰ칫ҡ
ܰ˶ΪԼһ£û˵
Ϊ˶ž鷢ڰ칫ҵŰһŰֽд[]
Ŵоζֽƶڱ͵Ц˭֪ҽǸ˼ҺˣǸϱģܰľֿײûȤ
ű˵ܰУϼ쵼٣ûϰࡣ
һæµ°·շʱүסΪӡ
һݵ籨ǩ֡
ͷվûסʣ˭ģԷǲǸг𰡣
ùǷݵ籨ݺ¶һĨЦûҰ˸ء
Ƿݵ籨պã뿪ĽŲǧء
һ߾С
ǵо¥£òײŰȻ
ûɵӣ֪һǺ
磬뵽һطȥ
ǰһæǰʣȥҡ
Ҳȥ«έ
«έǲǸմ𣿡
ԣȥԥһ˲ֲںҵʱƬҲһˡ
һºᣬ۵д𾪡ֻӣѸŲŲȥ«έ
ǵݸһдн绰ֽϵҵҪŰ˴ǵȷ籨ҡ
ã֪ˡ֣صͷ
ǴоصʱɫѾ
÷÷ڼҵڻæ:һȥĶˣҲƬ𣿡
Ƭûҵȥ䡣Ҹ߽ݣûҪȥ«έ¡
Էڼ䣬ߴߴ˵ѧУȤţֻǱ߳Էûнӻ÷ѣЩɻ
ʱ⴫Ƿ꣬ȥš
ӲԺţҪߺܾòܵʱ򲻹ö
Ժӵȱ㣬ûоܽˡ
ԺǽةöǾȵͬʱֺơ
:ϵģǲм£
ةһǼңŵԺӱ𺳵ˡ
˵ҲǮҲûסôĺԺ
ѽ԰㶫ţȻЦ˵ɩӣҿƯܲιһ𣿡
Ȼ԰ǰýԺӣĴߡ
÷żٵʱҼ棬ʱҸóԵġ
Уһллɩӡ
ԺһȦة£ӻóһŷݸǣոҽӵӸĵ绰Ҽ¼תš
û뵽˾⣿ӹû򿪣ةʾл
Թû˺⣬رóԡûԵĻ˷߰ɡ
ʵةرԷ˰˸ӣʵǳŵóԲȥˡֻźҡҡͷʾԼԡ
߽ة󣬶ǴǷſݡ
һҳֽҵּͷۻ
ͨƪ֮һǽͣһǳϴ֮һı֤
ǰȽϺûǰ˵Щġ
ǿƲƲ죬ֱӰŷûٹܡ
ڶ죬ͺ׶԰ȥѧ
ѧУſȴվˣҼˣ¶һĨı顣
΢ɲüȻӭĿѧУߡ
ȻһӰֱܳסȥ·Ƕǰɣ꾫ҽû꣡
Īͳ˺꾫ǺܲˣһͶԷ־룬ڵ:˵ǰȹӣѻҸúܣɲڹ
ԷǸʮŮˣźʵûǵĻָ侲Ǽ㣬ԴˣҾ㣬ٸˣһŹ㣡
ΧҲ۷׷ףе˾öǲˣҲΪ޷粻ˡ
Ȼ˼զأ
һ£öᷳǰλһһжԸŮʣ˽
Էһ漴İ͵ġʮ꣬ôˣ
ЦһóǮƬ俴һźգɷ򣬽ʮһ꣬øߴ˧ǰ;һ𣿡
ʱΧҲŸ͵԰ǶǵɷǾ飬Ҫ˵
Ů˼ΧԽԽԼ˵Ļڵõˣ꾫һбӦģ
Էʧȥһģ΢΢·ܿ͸һУ߹ӶˣٸңҲǺΪ֮
Ů˲ɫˢףϽӵһϻû˵æʧˡ
ͬʱ«έϡ
ȥ˾СֶգʱСֶջ֪ʧٵϢ
˵ҪһСֶһɻ󣬡ҲСҵģһ̴һģҲ

˫ֲЦˣ봦Сƨ㵽׻
Сֶոһףͷǲ
Сһ޷ֻͨȥһ˾Ūȥ̾СرƤȥ˵
˾Ļ˵ʮӺСֶڹԹʼ衣
£òһֳȴе졣
˼ûֳĹóĽûС
ںҪھ׵ö࣬պûѾ˸˵ļƻ
л˵


116 
һҹ, ڵСڳôæûһ
˻վͣȥ«έ, ڼˮ˲Ϻȡ
ȵԺʱѾʮһ, ӿڴͳĵ绰þԱæ绰, Ͳöû˽ͨ
ϵˣֻȥҽԺ, 㡣
ʱڰ칫Ӷŵ绰, һ磬ɵ绰һζû
ҽԺԺ칫Һշ, ֻİ칫ﰲװ˵绰
֪, ҿ϶ΪǱ̨绰
Щ˿ģ, ڲ²ǲǺӳˣ
Ͼҽ̫ϲ, ޶ֳڷ־, һЩʵ
ͬҵСҽ費˼ٶ, һƷ칫ҵķš
ҽ, ԷҪһȥ
̧ͷ, ٿһֱ, ע⵽ʱѾ硣
뵽пܳϢʱ绰ҡҡͷܾ:һ£ȥ԰ɡ
Сҽûʵڶ, ֻŷж뿪¥ɺһ档
ҽڰ칫𣿡
СҽǼ, ֪ԷӴ, Сѵ:, 鲻զãȰС
üûȥ˼˰칫ҵš
̧΢дһ˿ϲãôϣ
Сû绰𣿡ϣôԷĨΪӵ
û˵
£һֱ֪ģҲûˣǰ˵һ飬ĩ˶Ű칫ϵĵ绰ʣܽҴµ绰Ҹոոн˴绰ûͨ
ʱ˿̣ӱһɴݵ﷢ᣬû뵽ϣӾȻԶȥҽæ
ûԭ
ӽ򱡴˺ðβſڣþðɣֱӲ߾С
ɫƺ̫ãڷַҪûհ˼ŵϡ
һβ绰κܿͨˡ
ԱŲ˵⣬Լüص͹Ҷ˵绰
ֶӵĵ绰ݱһ:ȥɣһҵÿЩ
뵽ƽʱæûͬҲûٶģһڰ׿ˮҪ뿪ȴסˣ㻹ûԷɣȥ򼸸ӣһ߳һҡ
˵߳칫ңûܾĻᡣ
һСʱ˼棬һ΢
ҲˣЦһҽϰôĶ㡣
ӦŶԡԱƿģҲͱòôá
м䣬ȫûŵǹζô죿Ҫ￪ʼҡ
ᵽ£ոջڽŵʱջŹ˴ˡ
ϣǼҸ÷ӭλˣǽةԷޡ
ôĺԺֵ˷ܺͽةʱһģһ
СĢΪ꣬ĢǴɵģúóԣߵʱһЩ
ллɩӣǲ
ةʳԺóԵĶûаֿԱˣóӵš
Ѷǽе˵ĵطĳɩӣӸ絽ô£ΪʲôҴ˲С˹ԭһΰɡ
ǽӹţ¶һĨЦҼҳԷ´㣬
ҪɰѽةסˡżĴڣżܾᡣ
ٳٲĸ첲С˵ǲɵӸɩӣ㵱ȻҪɩӵĻ
ةͷҲԣѡվڶһߡ
Ƕʶʱ⣬߻ָװԼֵѡ
СһĢѣ˸߲ҵػؼˡ
˯ǰǶǷţȻǵǸ˵ƽϵᵽة͸һί
ůůıһҹΡ
ļ죬һֱڵĵ籨ԷѶ
֮£ֻܸ绰
˽֪ԭϵڶ͸ðˣòװѲһ㣬ּ뵽Ѱ˵Ķ鵱С
˼ɵӶܿóʣǸƯ𣿲ȻôԳ
ȻƯ⡣
Ҳô˵ЦһҷСֶһܰű߼ʵ˼⡣
ֻЦûҪ˵ټʣôˣ˭ǷǮƵġ
ųŴǽ͵:ûʲôֻǷ޼Сìܣͺá
ţҪҰæתĻ𣿡
ڷ޼£Ǻܲ鷳ˣ˵:ʱûУлл㡣
ҵ绰Żԥ˼ӣǺûȥǸϤĵ绰롣
źǶҪԹȥһЩʳŻؼҡ
ڴ绰˲ʱ䣬ҪƽһЩսͬھͱ÷ץס˸첲
զŻȥؼҿɣүɢʱˤˣ
￩һ£æʣĶأˤ𣿡
÷ˣͳһ־ƴ۽ǣ˸Ŀ⡣
үڼأȥҽԺȥɡ
ǲٵȥĶ÷Ȼ·ڵĹվɱȥ
ŮԶȥıӰ÷Ż㣬үӵ⣬ֻǴӷѡ
ȶǵؼҵʱүϢԷһҲھΣΪԺҸǺƤôˡ
Сǣ𣿡
˵һ۵ߵߣʣүүˤˣȥҽԺɡ


117 
ȥҽԺض¶, үӼװذڰ֣˵ʲôȥ
Σֻһ, ûתһҪȥҽԺ
, áû, Ҳûٶ˵ʲô˴뱲ӵһθ£һ, ʵڶˡ
ҺöֻǰҴҴǱ˷䡣
үӻûԷñķӰ͹ǸԴֹ, û˵ʵٶ㵽ȥ࣬һʱǷ˺¡
ʱ, 鷿ĵ绰, 塱徻վԥŵǽӻǲӣ
үӼһֱûӵ绰, æﺰС, үүµ绰, ǹ񡣡
һǹ, ǲҵʱæȥ鷿绰, ιһ, ɻӦֻǳĬ
ŻﴫϤĺ, һЦ˵㲻˵Ҿ͹ˡ
ֻ˵вЧ, ѸٿڣСǣԲ𡭡Һ㡣
Ƿ˸, ׺, ҵ˶, ˭ѽ
Էһͣдһ˿⣬ţҲǽ㡣
Ȼ¶Цһôˣ˰칫ңԭ亰̡
СǣԲҿǷס
˵ϴ̬ãǲˣҿԲƽϣ¼Ϊ֮
š
绰һͷ˽򱡴ɢһϢСҽһȥԷ⸱ģŶû죬Ͻ֮󼪡
ĿСҽ뿪ӶͲ˵洫ཡæ
æ΢΢ֻ`ٴȥ
Һõ绰ͱͨˡ
ţôִˣе֪ʡ
ָǽüģ˵ĩȥУʲôӻȥĶ𣿡
һҪֱܾпյĻȰæСɣȰҵ˵
û취ֻܾܴӦٻؼҡ
ӣֻҪһʱгںҹ䣬ǻ̬ʮֲ⡣
첻ˣһں糿ǲ鵽һЩ
˵һһλԶݣԷһ㣬ǺƯĹ
ҴҲŹȥǻ˼ҿ
ƣֻмֻŸڵͿѰʳ
ǳĺĴڽʯϣ߸ߵ˻ӨϾ
ھ뺣߲̫ԶһյϣмλŮ֯
ѭű˸Ϣҵڷֲ·ԥˣһλĸŮ֪ļס𣿡
ӵ˶ûֻ֣˲˵һλĻָ򣬡ǱߵŵķӣٵǱߴһ¾֪ˡ
лȻָķȥ
뿪úһ̷ȺŮУոָ·Ӿʱûһȥġ
ҡҡͷʾû
̷һصǸ۾˿ģͨûʲô
ټں߷紵ɹĹϵķɫҲ˲ֹһɫš
ûȥ˭ʯͷϺʹһַޡ
ʱѵС·ߣҲųڴ֪ϣ̫󣬵չֳӵһ
һҵңŵλˣΪ˲ŵԷЦ:ãǾģһˡ
˵óƬԷ￴һţΪǻˣæǿװҲʶȥʰɡ
ЩģְƬǰ˵ݣ鷳ϸƣӦúܺϡ
û߰ɡƬ˳ȥȻ顱һš
ĪһӻңȴţһʧӿͷƬ´뻳Уͷԭ·ߡ
ʱжڴھжʧ
·Ƭյʱٴոհæָ·Ĵʾлɻʵôﲻڼ𣿚G̫̫Ķȥ
˵ţתͷɵСడȥ֪𣿡
ҲȥӳһãС
Ŀ֮ʣ۵׵ãȻۿɼٶȱ˾ţ漴ѸٵͷɤشҲ
ΣȻһϳ˭ѹĵļûʶαװм£ܴȥɣ
ڸɻûʱ䡣żѾ顣
ûϳԼеʧ
վһԣףû£æģҵ㡣
ʱ
һԵĴȥɣҲһҿ˵żˡ
֮£ֻӲͷƤվȥǰߴ˧ˣʶ˳˳ܲϣöԷԼ⸱ӡ
߰ɣҴȥ
ãлл㡣һͷСɫǱһõЦݡ
ͷŵ沢ûע⵽ﻹ˼Ϊʲô
ѵǶʶ̫ˡ
ǰ棬ӱڼһȦ۵׻һĨۡ
С·Ȼקס̧ͷֻЦҪһֱװʶ𣿡
һĨţϵҲ֪˵ʲô֡
òҵˣֻܵҲУֻҪҾɿ֡
ôⶼûãڲˣԣܷſ𣿡
ʹɿ֣ɫȻú࣬СǺܵ㣬Ϊ㡣
ᵽǣʣҡǲϵ
Ĵҵ֮һʱ籨
һůۿ˻˴ˣһʱ֮䶼֪˵Щʲô
һЩȴҲõĻ⣬ĬĬԼȻ֣µ˵СԺչòãȥԶ㡣
ͻıԭأɫ죬˺ðβ૵ͬ𣿡
ͬ飬ϲ˭ͬ˭ҲͬҲŶԡ
һ¿ˮ޴мһ˿ϲĽָ֪λӦ
һСʱ
ӽӵĵ绰֪ҵ˻ůļ
ȹҶϵ绰ȲسԺ칫ȥ
죬ȫ˳³㡣Ű״·ӣһӶԷһɻ
˺Сҽϣܴе֪һЩĻ
СҽͷҲһ±ƣ֪ҽûаϱã⸱緢Ϊʲô
ѵְˣ
֮󣬾ڴһںʱҽԺһ:ҽҪȥоҽѧ꣬ҽĵ¡
ŻȻΪʲôҽôˣ޽ҽԺôҲҪŸԺٷƵ»˭˭Ը⣿
ֻСҽ֪ҽôֻΪϾȥкϱˣ
л˵


118 ž
һ߾, ΪӾ˻ͻᣬصҽԺʳá
ͬҵҽʿڣֻгܰų⡣
ʱ, ܰùֹͬų, ԺĴҲü, ˵Ӧõӡ
ڵĳ嶯ΪٺҲûˡ
ŹĵιҲ, ȥʵϰôҲ޼¡
ⳡͻ, ׸ӵףҲһһ׵ģϧЩ, չͼĿջ, ûһ˵ϡ
Сҽøż, òֵ, ԲƵףҽشɩú, ͬģ
ԭֵպȻһ, ˭û뵽ԹΪĻͻֻϲϲųֵ̨ʣ
Сҽĳ
Ҳ, ϵ˵˾䡰лл
ҽ⻰ͦ, ʶСҽǶԵ, ҲúϡҪȡö࣬˭Ǹ˼Һأ
һʱ֮䣬ʲô֮ϡӡҲҷ׷˵ڡ
סЦ, ֻǺ
ͻЦصҡڻ, æǰʣ˵Ҫȥн, С֪𣿡
ӡšһ, ֲʱ֪ϲҪұܡ
ʲôʱߣЩèèô죿
ȥһס꣬Сﲻһֱڱ˼ҡ
Ӵ̨˳糵ǰٺһߡԺӾ鷳æտһ¡
ᵽ˳糵Ȼ뵽˵ڻῪȥһˡ
ʱڽҡ
ԼĶѾҵˣСֶ֮ǰҲûˡ
ѻϣ
ʰ̾㿴˼ҽة쵱ˣٿ㣬ʰϱҲ
Ҫ߶Ͻӿٶȣͱˣʱ࿴ݱֽͦõ𣿡
ʱĿⲻɨϵΪĸýҪӽܶ󣬱濴һۡ
ֻһۣѿڶⲻС⻭ģ
ССã57꣬ΪҸʮͷ
ôʣһ㶣ΪʲôŻˡ
֣ⲻСѣһѵĺѡ뵽Ͼˣо档
˵᲻СʧɢŮ
˵ֿʼûΣѵ˵˵ʲôСѵŮҲûС׷㡣
ԭֻЦȴע⵽Ρ
һף֪СѵŮ𣿡
ǡ278ɡ
˲һֲ̫õԤУ֣ĹҲ27ꡣ
ͬʱĬ˰ΣſڣǺӵľϸҿһ£д绰
ʱ˿̣ǵ鶼ܸӣ²ǰ㣬λСڻ󣬷Ƿ費ɡ
ھдԺ
ѽӵĵ籨
֪һƽиĴʯͷ˵ء
뵽ǶԼƷĸü
ϴѧУſǺ꾫ɱָʹ˾ุĸرˣǾĸ
Щ죬һֱסүߣҲס
Ŵ¹⣬СǺȻõĹ¡
ͷЩΪѡ
ãֻ֪μǡùĹ£̫ʺϸСѽ
пշһôս٪޼ͿĹ£кСǶùЦסһ¥үӶЦ
뵽ԼӵҲûϱãү̾ڴôҲ˯žȥ鷿ӷݵ籨
߳Ҫ¥ɺͳˮĶһ档
ƽʱװۣϽкʵͿĻԣΪ˸˼Ӳһֱû𴩣ֿʼϷֻȫϡ
үүãôˣʲôҪҾͳɡ
ÿοϱôТ˳䶼е˼Ϊ˼ֻͥӲͷƤװ
û£Ǹȥ
龫ȥӵˮ
ļ͸æȥˡǽˮ¥鷿ﴫһʹĿ/ڽ
æůƿ췿ţүүôˣܻش𣿡
ϧ˵ʲô壬æȥţҿû
첽߽鷿󣬾ͼүһֳαһͷ亹ֱð
ôˣ˵Ķˣ߹ȥˡ
Ťһ£û¡
ǿһЦǰ亹һðǼ״ææ
Ȱ˷ϴֽ˴Ժڵֵҽ󱻸֪ŤˣҪԴ졣
үӰҽҩܾѵĴۡǧҪ¸߸֪
Լ˵¶죬ûһ绰
ӣһߣѧϻؼչˡ
סĺԺ
Ȼбķӣ˵Ĺػů
ʱһȥתһڹȥ
죬յĵ籨Ҫˣһзݾϲ͸
ǻڶں졣ϣȥг߲˺⣬үˣ˴ͷ
ϴӵ¼ܰѹͷó뻯һ뻹ȵڶ롣
һ˵ĻбķӣΪܾԼô๤еĿڲг˵ʱ򣬱øּۻۡ
һѶصңԺͣճ
ΪпãæеĲ˽ķӣȻߡ
һȥȿһ̷ĺڹ˼룬ЦС仯ô󰡡
̧˳˳ҲЦˣţеڣ֪ܲܰ׻
һܰ׻ģļ谲οֿģ
ţȽϷ㡣ڹЦ˼ǹʣǻ㶼һӵ𣿡
ؼңүڣǵȻҪҸ˵:ҲҪǴĽָƣһҽԺֵɣ
ʱ¥ݴȥͼЦ
·˵:ѻ


119 
ͷ, վŵգգۣӴ¥Żع
ŵ绰, ǲһġǿװ:ôͻȻүү𣿡
ţˡ, ǡ
ô˵, һˡ
˱֣ǻǻ᲻˼, ܿ˫Ű۾תǣ˵, ȥҷģ㶼֪ж㡫
Ŀ뿪, ԳǾ䡰һˡϲõСֱ̧, ߡ
һĪʣɶ˼Ҹȥ
ȥ
:
һ, 
Ǻֱڴߺ˺;Ȥ¡
ᵽ, ΢΢ͷ, ʱȥ
ǲ㸸ĸ𣿡
, ǰ, ȥѧĻ, Ǿ͸֪һˡ
˵Ҽбľ, Ѵ־ⲻǳ֮ơ
Ҹôˣǲڽأ
͵̧ͷ, ô֪ģģ
Ȼǣ͵뿴ѡ
ĴȤɫ, Ҳǹ, ǾеΪ顣
Ϊ, Ժʲô㣿
ʱû㡣
Դ˽˺ܶ࣬ҲѻؼҼĸĸۣ޸һһ׵ĿԱ
֪ضֻµʱӰ첻á
Ѿ̹ĸʲôУҲû׷ȥһһӿţᵽסɣǻסýһЩ
Сллǡ㡣
ʵλѾҺ÷ӣĸ֪ˮԲ̫סȥ
ΪԼ۴ҡ
סɣҲᱻ۵ġȳԹҴǹȥ
һĺѣһκȦӱסǣдʣСǣʶáĺˣ
ԹǺӴȥһһĺԺǵظӵķӣһֱûסڻɨԺһֱŸɾࡣ
ĺԺſڣǰԿ׽ѱ콻ûݣʰɣҺӾͲˡԺˮǲóȥˮ
ֽ֮һЩע뿪ˡ
ؼҵ·ϣڸʻ͵͵Եˣλסߣ
˸ܵͶߣǹһĨЦ⣬㲻׼𣿡
˻ԼĻ׳档
׼ã
ʱӼ٣ѳͣ·ߣҹֻгճĹâ
ܿǵâҲˣöǽס:ѽǰŴŵ꣬С·ٵġ
Ļ䣬ѸӣĴɨٵģұ㡣
ͳидԣĴһ飬ڿţֵƲǺ㣬ҪС˾ٱӰ
ӵЦʵܸ
˵ţ֣Ŀתзִ磬ġ
ֻǵǶѣĬĬ˿Ҳոˡ
ֱӣľʣ㻹û˵أλã
ոջֻܾӣôͱһף˷¶һĨɬڵһ˵Ҵﲻˡ
ˣǲŵ۾ֻ죬ûأԪô죿
û뵽˾Ȼ˵Ҳˡ
ĺԺǱߣ״̬
ǻ£ɻʵ:˵óϦ֮ǰôǰôࣿ
ڰ֮У˺Ȼס֣̾ٲˡ
ǸͰ͵ӣǵĽĴ˵ôأµԺҲġ
һ̻лէͷ׵Ļ
谵ĳڣţ·ʱ䱻һ̣ĵϡ
ʱھнҡ
ŴҽԺ鵽ϸȥ˵绰
෽֤ʵȷʵǱ˰ĺӡ
֮ȥһμңڶԷôǲٲ롣
üǼģǸʵĹҴСԹٿࡣμҲϻغӣҲࡣ
˵ľ
ڶһ磬һݵȥμҡ
СѽйķʱǴԺĹ޸ĳӪξ˵һǡ
Ⱳӣβ躣38꣬һ⽻١СŮ˼Ů۵øƵģ27꣬һҽԺʿ
һμҴţŵǹķ
Gôп
ķÿμҪһɽ콯ֻǿһĨЦѣĵ£ǼҶ˭ڼأ
ɫأķҲЦ⣺ɣǶڼأôˣ
ԭ뵥̸˶ڣһʱ֮䲻֪ò˵
£ķƽȥ鷿İɣ徲
ţá
ͷ󣬽߽μңʱμڿ￴ӣֵտﷸᡣ
ûߣôҸĻʵġ
μ˼ˣ׷׸кﶼһ겻һصôͻȻã
ξϹϾ:үЩҪ˵Ҳһɡ
Ȼ֪ԷҪ˵Щʲôξͬˡ
߽鷿󣬽ĵݸǡ
иѽ27꣬ڳҽԺĳϺƬǿһ°ɡ
ķû˵ôʲô˼Ȼ˵
ӳһźڰƬŮݣʱú
ξҲƬƬ۵ֻʣ𾪣ַЩϣô
ɫԣķϣһĿʮкֻԴ죬ⲻܣֻ˼һŮôֶһŮ
뵽ԷķӦûе̫⡣
ź׵ԭĽ͵飬סǼһˣӡ𣿡
ķסĻҵͷ˵:ǵãΪи˺ӣϲرҡ
Ե»ǵãûٹͣǼ˵ʵλĺӾ˼𡣡
ʲôڽԭء
ô˼û͵˼Һӣķξæ
ѽǶǱˣɲ캦¡
Լ˼͡
꣬ĸӣòסڹķǼ䲡ơķͬһλҲǸճĺӳض࣬һ⺢ӺԼԵ͵˼
賿˯ʱ͵ˣμе㱳ԼͰһŮŵ˹ķĴϡ
˶ΪֻǸ˺ӡ


120 ɱ
ǰ, μҷ޽һ𾪡
˭뵽۰˶ʮŮģŮȴ˱ˣ
ЩòҸ, ɱҲҳ߹, ǲ, ͲҪٴ
Ļĵӣ/Ѫ졣
ķѰ㻬, ˮžµſ, ȻʼҿŮ, Բ㣡ҵΪʲô࿴أ
Ǳʹ÷˶ѹ, ξסļ谲ο, ȴһƿ, ⶼ, ˯øһ, ӱ˻˶֪, ˲䵱ף
ξĬĬӵķŭ, ҲѡܶһЩ, ҲͲᷢ¡
Ŀ޺ܿ˵ע⡣βڷţܼ, ôˣ쿪š
μҷ˭ûдǻȻڱ˵СЩװ뵵, ˵:Ĵž, Ȼȥ, ҪæĵطԸҷ籨
Ҫߣķʱֹסʵлл࣬ءҶԲ

ŮҵȻҪϣ
ܲ˱˿ޣ¶ҲԷ֪Լʹٸǰɡ
µҲֻķſαһʹޡ
ʱһĺԺ
ǰһѧϰϷǰ˼ǣѧҲҪѧϰ
лл㣬Сǡùһ鱧ڻЦú
ǶǵһμЦôģɵÿ޵ЦÿҸ飬һҪһƯĽա
Ϸ̵գдһ˿ߣǲſʼ󣬾黹ء
ʱˣ˫ֻһ̨ӻįӰٻ¥ġ
ǿ𣿵Ͼܿ
òװģǺݣȻϵѵӻŪá
ƽʱоҲǸӵˣĵĵס
ȵӻڳˣųһ
ĵӽĿر٣úͶ룬ȴȤ߳Ժӣ⡣
֮ǰﶼǴҴҶæߣû濴ԺӡΪĽᣬҲﶺ
һʵСԺͦƯģǽԵޡ
Ȼһ⴫˲õĻ档
üţͼҸĸż
ǸϽԺŹʮɻôҵģ
쵽ﾩУϲסΪʲôǵϢôͨ
ʱûϸ룬æܻٹš
֪ô£һæӣһãȻ
ǱСĸĸ棬˺ܶࡣǶǱȻһƣ֧Ŷ˻Ӳ
˵˵壬涼ЩӣڲٺҲûá
û׼ᱻǿߡ
˿̣ŵðͷĻﲻҶุǸëԺвţɪɪ
£Ǻܿͻߡĺ壬Ѱҷ˸Ѫͷ
ܿ죬Ժ⴫һ顱˭û
ֱû˶ŸС˵СǶԲ㡣
ô룬Ҳȥֻǰץߣﲻ̫ȫˣǻŲط
ΪʲôҵѵСĸһֱڶ㣿ǻߣܿ㿴ڡ
Ǻ뷨ͬǾˣӦĳͨ籨ˡ
ȫĵطֻүҷˣҲȥԺ
磬ȥ濴ʲôҺСʰ
ţã
˷ֱжֹȥһСʱȷǲˡ
ҺΪӻļճûȥ
Ѹϳ鶼ࡣ
ڴͬʱؼҵ鷿
ӽӵ˽ĵ绰Էھʶڲڣ
Ӻǳζڼң˵£ûҾ͹ˡ
ǲڣֻܰĴͬһ飬ĩ˿֪ǵĻ鷳ǶȰȰ
¹شӵͷӦҶ˵绰
𱡴˼ֱǵ˵
ֻˣüʣǱôˣ
һոյľߵ㶼֪Ǽ˳һͲǺˣҿҷӦ졣
ͷֿˣȥ鷿İɣҪǡ

ķǼҵķӦ֪ͬԼʱƽ·һжĲ²֮С
Ҫ𾪵ö࣬ҷ򸾻ŰֻΪҵŮ
ⶼʲô˰̫ˣ
һ۵ļʣҪȥ𣿡
̧ҡҡͷҪˣȥ𣿡
Ļ䣬˽ǾȡӦæӦãھȥ
ǱȥæȴסˣЩԴŻԹǻһ԰ؿŰɡ
Щ˰æ뷨
ߺ󣬶ǻ˳ȥû뵽ǽС̣
ⱲһӾˣΪСӣǲҲụ̀
֮ļڣ绰绰ϣμܼһ档
һֱû𸴣ùķĲѣҵүӼҡ
ڵظ£ķؼûʲôøУȴòʾá
Ϊ˸Ůһõӡ޼˷ͣ˺ü
ͬǰĻξͽ
ķڼճĽ˵ɥĻΪСץˣ
ţǵġʵҲû뵽ƽʱͦߵĹôɱϣһ㵹Ǻμȫһ
ʱΪӭӿ˵ĵϰڷһЩӡѺ͹ǡ
ûЦģԱʣǲǲ̫ϻǣ
ʵһ˲ʶطϵûֻǺ죬֪ʲô
27ܳ߹һ룬Ҫĸ͡
Ϊóֽͻ滭õëʣЦ˵黭ͨҸͬԻףչһĲŻɡ
л˵


121 ǮĶ
滭õëʻµġ
ǰǷ, ֲһ䣬Ҽǽȱˮī㻭Ұϡ
һò, ҸһɡЩɬ
ǼŲʺƨ, , ֲ㣬ֻϲ㻭ġ
, ڱЦˣ, Ƕˣһһ͸㡣
ܿ, μҷ޺ͽؼҡӭӵǶǺӡ
ķ, һѸл, ȻŸʣСǲǲ̫ǣ
ʱ, Ҳڴ, ò˵ĺ
ǿ, Сڿ
ʱ27, ĸŮ˵һμ档ķڿһ, ˲ӯ
״Ӧ, һֱߣʱǽס֣͡
Ǻá
С, 裬ҶԲ㡫ķҪ, ξæסļ
Ļ˶Ϊ֮, , Ըʵ׽¡
ǿԷ޴룬Ҫοֲ֪˵Щʲôá
ǾûĸŮıȽϺãøȥԼ졣
¥󣬿ֻʣһѴˣֻԱġ
ͬʱξһֱڹ۲һһУȻŮûǣŮѰѹء
һⲻǸˣ˵ʲôҲŮٵӡ
ԷͼֻЦû˵˵컨׹ʵж˵
ҺŲˮ˼һƬгս˽ⳡ档
˫ˣзȴǽԭֻİˣҪ˻շ
ûã»صУ԰֮УӦУ԰󣬿ʼԼķ¸·
Ҫ²ȥѧУڱ֮ǰһ
ǶǴߣȵַΪԼ۱Ƚϸߵķӡ
ûΪʲôҪô෿ӣǰϣÿķӶ
ѡļƽɲɣǾסһƬ
Ǿ͸ðˡ
죬ǺŸͰ׾ȥ漼ңĺǶȥˣֻһڡ
ͣæó³õĹӰڷŵϣٸǵϲˮ˵үү˵λͲˣϲžˡ
лл㡣ǽӹף뵱漵䣬ʱҲûţһֱڰæڼҵȷ
ĬĬһԣ
ҸԱߣʣæʲôأҪæĵطһ
ᵽǷ²ѹ˵㣬ǽæġ
ڶԷɻУ˵˵һƬм˼ӵģ֪Щʲô𣿡
֪ҴСƬͬ˭ңҶ
ô˵֪ԼҶˡ
㣬⼸ܰ¼۸𣿡
ɶ
ԣĻϢԺܺãҽҲһûǮҿȰ渶
ò˼Ǿȷչĵطʱ򷿼ۻһǣֱһ·߸ߡ
ǲϣκûᡣ
˺ĶˣҲһЩһ뵽ҪǮӣֺܾᣬ½ծ
¶һøӰһ£ҪǮٸ졣
ţͽٺúÿһ£Ҿ׬
ѵ̶ֳȣǾԼѾˡ˯ǰǼӣԵˣ˵ǰԺҲһֱţЩʲôأȥ
귿˵ɣʱƻӰ§Ȼ뵽ӵͨ绰:ǵ֮ǰǽڳĶ𣿡
ǵðˣ
ţǵȷǵطŵģǼң⻹ǽҲͬĶҪΪ˵㡣
ǧԪǮնȻ㣬ѡΪؼҵıֵЩǮ
úãЩ޿ײ롣
ţϼһǧԪǮʽðɡ
ǻǮ¶䲻һ֮ƣЦһ仨ҾԺ˰ţǰ⹫
ӵһֳƺҲǵ˼ĶͷЦţֻҪľͺá
ӵһ𣬾ڿҪ˯ʱ򣬶ͻȻһ⣬ˣôҵСģǱʳ𣿡
˫ۣһĨϬ۵ףʱû鵽˵֪˭һţǲŻ׷šõģ˭ġ
šüģܸµˣһʲôöпܾߡ
ӵ뷨࣬һ֮Ƕ򣬳ߣһֱڰ۲ǡ
ܵԺӵˣ׵ĻɶǸںңĿǰϷûھС
Ϊ·գΪƽüģٻͷĶÿһƺЩĵ£Щ˿ĵġ
Ǳգôϣڲˡ
ܵı仯̵죬æƿתȥǽС˵:ǿ˯ɣҪýƣȻá
Ļ䣬ͱ˵ڱǽϣǲǡ
ҹķ磬Ҷɳɳ졣
ײöֻʣʣ׳С
һʱүӵˣҲصĺԺǱס
кСǺܹԣǰæö̫үү꺮ůүӶùЦֱǰһ
Сźʲô˵ľٶǰǵĺȫûգʱܡ
ΪԻеĴܴԺûǮʳˣ죬ؿһУ綼˻ɫ
СûϢͳһɿѹˣʳʲôѵģкð취
⻰˲ǰһʲô취˵˵
СǰԱߣһصʣЩǣ˭Ǯ
һ漴Ҳػش𣺡Ȼǻ磬ѧϰ⣬İþǮ綼ᣡ
СǺͬصͷΪָԽ:ȥͺһǮ
תתǸ⣡
лôǮ¿ˮ
ӽԺҲˮˣ
˵ɾ͸ɣԹ͵͵ķ䣬Էڿ飬߽ȥʮȾϹؽи硣
ԣһæ鿴ССӰôˣϹˣ˵ġ
кСЦ̧ͷȻ󻶿س磬ССæ
Ϊֹ֮Ķ΢΢˿˵ɣҪʲôæ
Ǹɵ󵨣öǳԣشúֱף磬ôǮ
翴ǰĶܻǲԼˣ
ʱûô󵨵뷨
ʱСҲס½ǣʣǣҵĴǮӶˣܰ𣿡
л˵


122 
һ, ʶС޲ǿЦ׬Ǯ
ͷӤʵС̾, ʳԣҿԸǮ
˾һ, ȴСȵǲҪǮ, ҪԼŬǮ
ˣ׼Ǻú, ȡƫ˼뾡
˵˵ô׬ǮǿƬǮʲô
, ˺һ˵ҳԶˣĸСѲԷ, һԣ㲻㣿
, תͷһߣ, أ
һƯ, ԵģأСеϻζС, Լ治
һͱܾ, ҲĶͯ, ģ̫С
ۼСҪ, ȫǳ, һתּ˵ĩżҿǰڵ̯ɱҸǳ
ɱʲô
ɱָҪõǮ
뵽֮ǰЩֽ, С˼ȴʲôܸȤ, , 𣿡
Ҫ죡һᱻ̰ԹԹģ
ҲԵģ
ᣡҲ㣡
Сһһһﳳ, ĬĬվ˳䣬Ͻˡ
ܲܰڵ̯Ҫһ¡Ư衱

ǱߴϢļ۸ѾǾü۸ԽܣٰæԼʱ䰤һ
Էļ۸ںķΧ֮ڣǲּۻۣһӺһңֱ׷ӡ
ÿ׶һԺӣر
ĹȫȨӸΪ˸лýİæ׼һ߻ʵ㣬ôˣҪҪ򷿣
Щľᣬͨˣ򣡲ôģСĵû⣬Ⱥǳ˾ͲΪӷ
뷨ܺãǮķ湻𣿲Ҫҿ
æڰ˵á
ʱĳ԰ǰ
С̯
̯ϳһЩС⣬һȦϷ
һԪǮȦ󵽾ӣС򣬽ƷӦоСǶǰǳ⡣
粻û˻һԪǮϷ
Ź乫԰ԽԽ̯࣬λҲ
˿ǸȦϷô棿
Ҳû⣬꾡Ϸ˵дһŴֽϣԷ˵һ顣
ԷͳһǮݸ磬Ȧԡ
áӹǮȦ˻𾪵С
û뵽һ⾹ȻȦġ
ȦӳȥԷֻõһ򣬿ùȴܿģ˻ڿϷ
һĽֻжǮżӶѾ׬˾ë˷ǮӣӴˡ
ܿ˴ȦϷ̬Ҫȸոö࣬
кСǹԹһԣ˿ǵעȫڸϣȫĿġ
һ翿ȦϷ׬ʮԪС׬ʮԪƽʱϢ͵̯ӣɱȸ׬Ǯ
ʱ׾Թ϶תꡣ
197/9ĳϦǣ֣Ϣ:һӽ쿪ʼʽΪ
ڶǵȵ٣˽Ǽǽ飡
ҪϢɰ÷˻ˣճ¾Ϳʼɫ·ڶǼҸһһĺԺ
֮ӣֻҪһпվͻ
죬ٻ¥Ϊ¼ѡƥ졣˵õıӦ̫Ը鷳ķԼҲһ
վĹ̨ǰһ߰ѡһ˵:˵ˣò죬޻Ѿ׼ˣ⡣
ĲãС
Ǽָ˫ӶѪɡ
˼صͷĵȴůӦ޸ԭ֮һΪźͶǶã
˲ϣǻůƿ裬˫ϲͼرϲ졣
ʱһҲ
һǰ֮ʣ㾿ʲôĿģ
һڲˮǴһĨǳЦҽʲô°ƽʱæûպġ
µϣóһŵϣ㿴ôŬ֮ԼӲ
üǸʱǵЦһͣɫ˲ڳҧʵʲô˼ô֪Щ£
Ҫǵģֻǻؾѣ㻹ˣҲͷ
Դתҵ󣬺һֱ͵͵һŸҰһɫʵڶĲ
ϣֻӵĹͻָ侲
ҳϣҶкޣΪǶ£ҺپͲ飬ҲתҵЩֻΪ˸ҲʹѣڲǲеСˣ
͵ڸҲʹɡӰЩ·Žһξ:ϣ˵öģҷʲô˼ġ
˵ţ𵵰뿪ȫӶԷ
ؼҵ·ϣӽ򱡴ڷոպĵĻǼ١
ճ˵ǺŷܾӦòô򵥡
ξ棬һʱھУϾϷⳡϻһµء
ӻصʱǻûֻкСվԺȦ
ⶼܰӣүлأôֻ棿
СǷȦָŻķ˵ʦˣ˵أǽȥ
ʱ̸ҲѾˡ˴ӷ˻⣬˽һϲɫ
ڿʱĿޱڶһ˿Цģ
ʦߺﷱ͡
ԭѧУ죬ʦȥϷУμӾ˵ʲôȥʦŻҵϣҳܰæȰ˵һ¡
ӰеߣֱӵʣΪʲôμӾԼһȥϷ
ֻǱֱվû˵
ٳٲ˵ԭһЦĲԸң
̧˵ҰȥģⱲӶȥ
û뵽Ĵ𰸣̧ļȻȥǾͲȥˡ
л˵


123 ʱ
̧ͷ, ۵״Ÿм壬ллҡ
ûʲô, ˭вԸԵ顣ʵ˵ЩĵĻתһ־, ֻǸʮĺ, ûҪȥЩʹ
ȶǹֻʱͿһһСڻ, ϵȴǰ׽ˡ
Сǽеߣʣǽ춼ʲôûкܹѽ
Ǻܹ, ǻ粻ԣʦҼҳˡ
, ʦҼҳһǷ˴
𣿡СǸе, ǵһ˵绹вµʱ, ѵڵˣ
Ϊʲôѽ
Сգգ۾, ƴԼ͵Ϣ, һطһ, ʦûɹȥ, ˵ȥ, ʦȥˡ
һҲû, װܿĵӸŮ˵лл
ţֻȥ÷ô£
֪ΪμӾҼҳʱǶʱ˿
ʱһȥ, һ죬ˡʦڶĺԺٰġ
ط㹻, Թ󻹿ͻȲ, ڹӪӴæ
Ķ׺, μҼҲСǵĹϵȻûô޼䣬Ҫȴǰúܶࡣ
֮ݵ˼ûгϯ磬ҲѾˣɲɣ֮ǰǿǶϷ޵Ů
Ůʮ꣬òҵȫܼ˼ǵ̬Ȳ̫飬Ͼֿʮ꣬ҪһӦĹ̡
һʱ򣬶ǱǶϷ޽˳ȥǲصݣ˼ûȥĵطɡ
̫̫۵׻ʧӵݵǰǾͲȥˣǼĸµĵ鷳תƽʱע塣
ǽӹӣΪӣһĸġ
Сǣлл㣡Ȼȥˡ˵̫̫꣬Եͷˡ
ǽԶȥıӰĬĬ̾ϲһ˹ķ
ķؿǣ˰β˵һ𼦵Ҫܾܺòܵ
ֲܶ˵ʲô˼ڵ֪ԼμӺѾٻˡ
Ȱ˵ףǺӻᡭ
Ƕ˼̫˽⣬ֻǰѼתԷںΣⲻùܵ¡
ʢĵ
ⳡúͻˡչԼ÷ʱȥҸòԶ߼ӾܵչҲ㡣
1980£һŮȡСƽǵһεùãűһܼ
÷ôϲӣЦǺǵشȤҪһʱҰǴӡ
Ҳ룬ֱӾܾллˣҶĿǰ״̬⣬ʹֶŮҲһġ
͸ôѧҵʱҪҵæʱչСӤǶ˼ҵıȽ㡣
÷šֻܷ뷨
кСǿõһ̣ȫܿġСǣóü͸ãǴ󷽵öǺ⣬:˽ǲһ
1981ľ£ʽΪһСѧǰͽСѧУ԰ʱ򣬺Ȼоʱÿѽ
գۼ䣬Ǿͳˡ
ڴʱڳķҲ˶ǨϢ
Ϊ¶һʱ֮û⣬֪ǸҪǮҪӣϾԷǮܶ࣬е㶯ġ
ǹϸҪӡ
漴ҩƷְɷһҲ͹⻹
֪ӦЩǮǻһ㷿ӡ
Σûԥѡͬʱ˷
вһʱ䣬ǾҪҵˣʱҲ»صҽԺ
ʵҲ۹δھлǻغ֮ŷ֣ǲԼͬĶϲ
쳧ѡ
ھߣԵȺǷźڡ
ʱ䣬үҲôӹλˣʱڵķӡ
һסһ𣬿ľͺá
֮һһֱԺУ˲ţҽҩרҵģ£Ķ
ֻ˲Ų̫ھУҵܰ׶˭Ըȥʺĺأ
֮󣬶Ѿ뿪ˣھҲʵ˲ţȥңôһҵ˲ŵģ
һѧϰһ׼صˡ
ֽ÷ֲᣬˣҲȥ«έʱҲֿˣ
ãʱҸǸС¥ȫһס
÷֪⻰ڿЦæͣɱһǮȺǳǮĵطˣôȥӶˣ
ҲҪû׼컹ءǺĸҫһԼĲƸתһ뻹סˣϾǸزסµˣ֪жǮǵʧ߲ɡ
ڸиҵλȱ̫࣬꿼¼ıרƴѧ1982괺֮ǰ½ҵҲѡǰҵزĹûһ˿ԥͷˡ
˻ǱȽϲ޾
ȵϦһĿھҪ뿪С
ｻٺѣΪ˺Ǻúø˺ܶؿؿϵÿһ֣Լһһдȥģ־ƴ档
д֮ǻûæһ顣
ȰкؿϣСǴ¿ڴͳһſƬݸ磬磬Ǹģ˵㻹ҪѧšףձҵټǵûصϿǡ
񣬻ѾʮСӣһװ˵ҪСӲС
ÿÿʱСǶܲˬԼĸ̫ˡûǹԹԾźؿĳᡣ
ŴӹƬ汣֤ȵһȥġ
õĳŵСǵЦģ
۵ǹر졭
ʮ壬ǺӴ̤˻غĻ𳵡
ʮСʱĳ̣ԭͦ˷ܵĺǱѻ
裬жòܵҺİаŪžߴѾòˡ
ǿǺͷۣСʱɵĶܹԣô֮ôĥأ
Ŀĵػһҹҽϴ˯۾һһ͵ˡ
˰һڲ˵ˣΪ֪˵Ҳǰ˵
СҪö࣬ȻҲŲͷлܼ֡
ֻѲɫĳֽһ״ŽƿܿƿͶ˺ܶɫСǡ
Ƕ֮ǰ̸⾭СѧãֻҪľ͵ǣ׼ƿװǣ³֮ٴһƯᣬ
ʱ׬Ǯ
ǲ֪ŮĲ˼ôʵ׼͸˭
Ϊ˲跢࣬Сһתѵ͸СģȫþͰߡ
ŶһҪһųϵĺúõȡСܵ⡣
һĸŮ˵ĶԻü˼ȶ߳ʱ̴յŮСʣҼǵܵɰģܲܽ̽ң
СǲͷЦſֱ̯ĵѧԪ̰ᡣ


124 ѧʦ
˵Ů, ӳŮЦ̯ģȻֻ粻ĸп
㲻á۸е𣿡
Сջ, ܲԸ, İֵǮ
ʶ, ûʱ
Ѹٴ¿ڴͳԪǮ˵ҶɲֹǮİ, Ժ˵
СǰǮֶЦģ, ǣİͬ«έĴһͷ, һúýĵġ
ʱ, Ǵӳ, ɿԸŮڽͷӶ, ߹ȥɻʣ˵ʲôأô˯ѽ㿴ж˯ˡ
ͻȻ˵ĺһ, ϽվصԼλ, תƻ:˯, ҴȥԹ
«έڹ, ˲ǰһ, ֮Ժ
ڶ죬̤«έƬʱֻġ
˸߲ҵ´, ſ˫ۺֻˣ
Ļ䣬ͱظһư, ЪԳ, ٶͱԹˡ
ס, ίͰ͵Ǹ״裬ҡ
ʵҲղŵΪǷᣬǴȰ˵ԣԹҪǻǿ߰ɡ
ǵˮƽߣȥԷѾʲôݳ޵¡
˵ԣżҪŶӣʱ˼״Ͻķܡ
һ̲ͣӣֻôһú
λû̫ԪǺͶǰͱ˳糵͵˵ϡ
СֶհæչţöǺܷġ
ǼҷʱڵĹֻʣʮˣӰȫÿ˷ʣֵǵĵ
࣬ԣûɣ
ҡҡͷû˸˵С
ǻɣǵĵﵹϴף԰ɣԣ򡣡
ллǡЦеؿǣûٿ
ڵĹӻڵġغĵһٷҳԵر㡣
㷹·ɢؼҡ
⼸꣬«έı仯̫е·˰·ֱߵ·Ҳȴǰ˼촬һ԰ÿĩǶȥ̸˵
·ߵСʯǰߣȻ뵽һ⣬裬ҺǲҪȥ«έСѧ飿
ţѽǵֻһСѧѡҲȥж
ǵĻشһţȥѧһһҪĸСʱû裬Ųȥأ
СҲȥ˵鶼һֻͰְסһ
Ժǻˣعк˵Ժںˣܶ˶ͦ⡣
Ǿп׶õĵط⺣ǿٱ
Сǲɵ˰ɣ
ȫô룬ؼҵĵһ:ɨ
Ĩɨѣÿѡһ
˭͵͵Ҫϴһܵ롣
кСǽѾˣƽʱѧУҲɨӣɨֻɡ
ֻңǴʱȺŮ˯һ䣬пȥששͷٰѴ󷿼ĳС䡣
Ϊûסˣⶼ೾
ǰѷӳ״ɨɾѾˡ
˫ɨѣѾöӡֱС
¹߶Դ˵:ЪһЪɣȥµԡ
ڿϢˣŷеɨѣµȥæ
Ϊ׷Ƕˣó֮ǰûˮ󵰸ԡ
ûȥӼһôҲˣҺһɡ
ĻǱжòУͷָʹȥһ棬ֹȡ±ӡ
ͷƽָɵġ
Թ緹ҶԺӣҪľǰԺʰһ飬èѹѡ
ڲŶ·ݣ԰ʲôûԵʮǰѿݲ֮ȫɨɾСԺͬȻһ°㡣
ϣкСȥ˻ңӽԪǻؼҵġ
СֶհȳǽǣԪܣһҪע⣬ջܳȥ·
ͷѴӾд뿪
ǻصңöϴĹóɫֽС̣ڲڣְְ߰Ӧô
ǮơСǰѰĵĵ˵úϸĩ˻͸ԷһõĹͷƿӡ
װĻƯҶ㹻˼ɣ
ӳһƿӣûһģôƿŲҪ
ƨĵϣСƲƲ죬һ㶼ҵÿĲƿӡ
һӴһϰľװȥҽԺˡ
¹ͬǼڻˣȫ˿Ҫ֪ҽģöҽԺˣѡԤʾҽԺԽԽã
ӳΪȫĸԺ߽ޱϤİ칫ңһտҲĲƿŵϡ
СҽǸĵƿӣûǸõģ
ֱҪ°ʱӰѵõİȫ벣ƿƿӵ;
Сҽһٶ°͡û뵽ҽȻϱҶϱĺûҵơ
ûãĵֽҽԺֵĶ
ŮʿǷ׷ܵ̵ĵķ˶ˡ
֮һдϸ۷ֽҽ֣˱ԺĻʿ
źٽȥкСڿѧˣ
ȻСֶϳУǲһѧУ«έСѧУ԰ȻĴ˵
ݣϣԼҲֶո
Žǿѧһ죬ҪʦһӡкСһ̬ȫֵرɶ¡
תУͰ༶ͬѧǶϤұΪĺܹԡ
ſ𣬵һ ѧΡкСñֱﶼڲ²ѧУʦòã
ãǺҲûʲô취
ʱһߴӰҴ߽ң׳ڿйоأǾӵòܹġ
ѧˢˢؿԼͬʦϺã
кСҲŴҵĿȥǿѧʦʱȫ°ͣ
Ϊʲôǰ


125 ܶĿ
վڽ̨Ҳ, ûбֳƽѧתУ
λͬѧǰ˵䣬ҹƣ
ҵ, кСӲͷƤߵ̨Ҽ򵥽Լ
ڵֻһСѧ, ȫѧаʮˡ
ôעĿ, Ƕܽţ, ǻصλˡ
ڿνʲôûôϸ, ֱ¿𣬵Ȱ뿪, ǲŸһա
ô죿ǰ, ԺûӹˡС, ѾʼԺı, Ҫǻȥѧɣ
Сǰһ, ֱӴֲʵʵĻ, ת༶, ˭ǰ᲻֪, Сһ²⡣
󳹵׾, ʱ೤ѩʦȥ˰칫ҡ
Ļˡ
ǶһۣԸ뿪칫ҡ
ŵİ칫, ִ󺣵ǡܿ죬ССӰǰ, ǹһĨЦ
ǹɡ
, кСԴ˽
ʦá
, »Ӧɣ
ЦЦСʵ˵:ͦõģѾӦˡǶ㻹е㲻Ӧ
УϣԺѧϰһֱõ̬Ϊʲô
СǶάЦ֤ģһúѧϰ
Ļش⣬ֺһִ󺣣Ȼˡ
˰칫ҵţԲ˽ǵ칫ҵʲô˼
ʲôû˵
ʵ̺ܸߣԸֱСǼһ㶼벻ף̾ðʦĸη˭
۰֣
԰㻹벻ʵǵİΣѹҲܴþͻǸĸոյ˼ǣӽԺҺôҺãֻҪǲҲû£Ķ顣
գգ۾Щţ˵仰զ뵽ôࣿզû˼
ԼҴǸľԴС˷ѿˮ
Ϊ˱ӣͬİڸڶ飬ѧУ׸磬ѹܴ
ѧؼһؼң߶߶²һ·ķգȻԼͦҸģ費ܵѧУ
ǻϢܿǮ֪ˡ
ĩϣҾһﾡǻЦ
ǮҲѾҵרģĿԽԽѣһûϾͷˡ
ص촬ԭְλרѧ֪ʶûϣڳúܲġ
ͺܺ棬ҵΪʲôҪôõĹֻص
ϣЦؽ⣬ҲҪʼҵˣ
ȣĳϣܰæһ¡
ԴӸĸ￪źѾһȸԣ˵صԪ
Ҳ⣬˶ܺ档
׼ʲôۺͨ񲻹ʲôɱܸߡ
ʱûϸļƻȰһˣҪҰæλʱܰҡ
Ŀ׻׷ױʾһ
ԹǮˢ룬Ͷ˹ϵ£̾ѧ⼸ʹѹˣٻȥܶ˶Ҫ½ύرۡ
дյԲЦʣģҲԳһɣ£ǰûرġ
Ǯǰһ˲ˣ˰ɣﻨ¼²׬ǮԶѹ󡣡
ţı⣬ʱӭ㣡
ţСã
˵˼붼ȣûǱƵһ̶ȣûԸı״ȥ֪δ
ӣǲҪ˲ŻҪҳæòɿ
ԭΪƸѣСлһ㣬ʵݺһơ
ҵ乤Ҫȸ廧ˣ
󣬶ǰĿϣЩѧкܶвŻˣΪԭûϴѧ
ʮڻû˲гֻȥдϣܴʦҵԼҪ˲š
죬ȥ«έУȫУʦٶˣ˵˲ŵģӴʦ顣
ﻹѧһǽ߿ûϣһǿûϡ
ڰ칫ʦϣȤ˵˵ǵ𣿡
У㽲˵Ǹûϵİɡ
ͬѧǰѧϰίԱѧϰƽʱ˼ʽ
ÿοԶСС󲡣Ϊȱϯ˵һ߿ò׵ڶ˿ΪղˣѿԿˡ
ڼͥãûټĿǰڵʱ
˼Ƭ̣Ȼʣѧأ
СƽʱÿڽʣҲǲѧϰ⺢ƷƣҲŸƼġ
˵㲻Ǿǡǣ˫Լһ㣬칫Ҽ档
ѧУ˳ȥҽԺ°ࡣ겻˼Ϥİ
ȻӱΪԺ칫Ȼû䣬ż¥ڣ˷дʲô
ǹһɤ˵ҽͷۡ
̧ͷ䵭ȾһĨȣ漴ϵĲƿѸ
վʵ:ǲ۵ˣҸ㰴Ħһ¡
Ц߹ȥͷ˵:ллҽһдŵġ
ЦĴָ̫Ѩÿһ¶ᡣ
ܵ΢ۣ˸ոصƿӵķΪ
𣿡
ţ
Ǿþ׵Ҳָָܲӣ鷳ٰҰлл
ۣ˵
ţһ㡫
ʮؼȴŮ˾ۣ
칫⣬Сҽƴ󷹺УĬĬ߿ˣȻ֪˺ȴСˡ
°Ǻûֱӻؼңȥששͷשֳ԰æͻؼҡ
Ǻשש˰שжԺ뿪ˡ
ǿôשЩܲܰһ䷿ĳ䷿
ĩԶͰ׸綼æȴպһסɡ
ţá
˰Ѹ췿Ķһһ˳ְѸ깲һ顣
ԹһĿڵһͬһ䷿ѧϰæµ
ȵ˯ǰ쳣񣬺˯⡣Сڿסǵĸ첲裬治볤ܱ˯ͺ
˯ǱߣĽؿãҲ뱧ס֪ԼѾǸӺͲôˡ
ԣҲ볤
ؿǣѧУĽѧϰȡ
һ鱻˲䶳סСڨЦɿĸ첲
Уֻǡ쿼Ժûá
ϵЦΪش̣üʵûʲô˼ж಻ã
СǶЦ̫ȷ˵ܡռɡ
һ˲䣬ֻѪӿһѪںͿ³ˡ
ӿԼƽ͵ģ֪дͬѧԷˣ
СЩڸոյһʱ죬Ӧȥ˵裬òǹģΪ۲ûõġ
ͣһǵʣӻ۲ۣȥҽԺ
ˣġСƲۣһΡ
Ӧƭģ
峿ԶͰ׼ҸӺˡ
кСǿϽҸˡ
£İѰһʣ˵ǰ쿼ûã𣿡
ţаҳⶼû𡣡ͷۡ
˵ΪۡǸźǵĻϾ֮ǰûѹ
ԥһ˲ǰʵ߸֪
죬СǾڿǣֻʦҲҪҼҳ̸̸ء
üģѾµ˴š
ԺڰשͷùǮŮȥԵġ
һ·ϣСϾֻ꣬С˼ٶҲװס̫¡
Σջǳ˴󣬡Բˡ
ϴǺܸˣȴû¶ôˣ
СǶԼżʵ˵ҸûۣԾû꣬Ϊҵš
𣿡
Сæ̧ͷڰ֣УûУҸҶ۵ġ
šû׷˵Ǽ٣ȿ쵽ˣżʣ͸Сģ
Сգһ½ëģҵǮġ
Ͳ²ĹȻһǺ侲:ȱǮ𣿡
ȱԲ𡣡
ӽ쿪ʼٵǣҲ͵͵׬ǮһΣҾûĴǮ
ǮСǵӣһûҶ˵ʲô
һݣڸĺˣ
СסǼ䣬ס䣬ȻӲǺܿȴж˽˿ռ䡣ǻԸԼⲼ÷䡣
֮ǰöӣѿһΪڵסʡǮʡ
ǻǾֱӸĳȽϺãЧˣǳ⡣ȸپĲһ£Եøܰ
ϣСд̨ǰ濴飬һ̬ûгȥ棬Ҳûȥӡ
̸֪ˣ͵͵һƿˮСĵû°ɣȣῪһ㡣
Сȴֻǿһˮƿҡҡͷ˵ˣˮȶ˻òԺ󶼲ˡ
ûʲôѽϲϡһƨԱߣܲĸı䣿
ѵǰ찤ˣ
ɻСĿǰ۷Ź⣬Ѿˣӽ쿪ʼҪԻΪúѧϰϣȡտѧ
Ϊʲôѽе㲻̫ƽʱ̫ˣ
ѽ˵ˣҪúÿˡ
СǰĿ·鱾ϣĶϴѧ׬Ǯ


126 Ƹ˲
һ, Լ«έС
߽칫ʱǮʦ⣬һŮ
ǿǺ, ȫվЩнʦ, ЦǺǵΪǻݡ
Ҷ, ġ
ʦԱߵϣˡ
кݸ, ˹ġŮǸ۾, һǻõԸ
ãҽС, Ǯʦ˵Ǿҵ, 𣿡
, , ҽжǡ
ʱ, ǸкҲֱͦԼ, , ҽ, ʮ, Ŀǰ촬ʱ
۵Ź⣬ܳݶǾѧӵݡ
ǰ󷽵СӣǺò˵Ǯʦ, һ𣿡
µʲôֱԲεҪԭѹ̫, ÿοǰ᰾ҹ, Ҳʧ, ԡ
΢ɲüСͦʵϡ
ܳһδûʲôʵǣδʲô滮𣿡
Լ´ˣڵͷ˵Ҹĸ嶼̫ãȥشǲܵģԺС⣬ܲܵһʱ
ţ뷨ǴջĿٿС:أʲô滮
СûΪʲôҪʵشҲͰԽҲûʲôȤ᲻Ǹࣿ
ųЦҡͷ뷨ֻ˵ǰࡣ
ں뷨˺ܶ࣬ûԽĻҲܻѡ
ţ𼸸빤ص⣬˾
ڹʴΪǴҵڣܸĹʲǺܸߣҪʱһЩ
ҪĳǺʳƷҩƷأһܶŵھԺǰ
Сǰһ̱ʾԼһ׼ʱһԥûõҪҪǵ촬Ĺ
ΪлǮʦİ֮ǰ͸һݾز
ڶһ磬վڴԺǰǵСӣҲˡ
˴źصףС紵ͨ졣
Ǵ߽Ժһ·Ǿضûҿ
ʱΣӺͺǶѾϰѧֻжһڡ
ˮݸǣ˵Լļƻһ򳧷
Ŀǰûа칫ص㣬һ˴Ժ̫ףѯ÷ʱҵʱ칫ص㡣
Ӿȥﶼͦ㡣
СҲܿףܿѺϿõĳͻĵгһϡ
ּһĿȻ
⣬ΪӭӶػغЩΪ׼һ軰ᡣ
ȥԺ޽˾ֲ質裬軰ҲŲڡ
ߣ˵ϵĸֱ仯
㻹ǵǮҲǰСŮȥͶݣòҪתҵˣ˵ҪȥءӣڶϷ̫ס
һͦġ֮ǰ÷˵ھżǮңһζû֪Էúܺãڷˡ
аıǵλ൱ʵˣ軰ֻ׿ˮȣɶûУһ֪ˡ
󲻽զ࣬ѾִŰǮӦǲܴġ
軰ھֲ¥¥ʱλҲ¥
ʮ̷ͣһ˿Ÿɾ࣬⴦
ֻޱ΢΢ףȻ¥ˡö̵ּεļӸС
ûˡ
ͬصͷһڲ軰ϰˡ
ϧԸΥ
ֲ߽ûãͱ㵽֡
Ϊѧɹͬ־Ϊǽ䡣
ǲԸվ϶ЦѧɹģҵҺпѧҪѯңܰﾡ
ڳǵˣô˵ȫһ׷ѯ
ոջĺĲ軰˲ʮ֣˼״ڲı˶СܵǶǣҽӣմӾҵĿǰڼӣ軰ðס𣿡
ã鷳ˡ
ȵ軰󣬶ʱû뿪ǺͲı˶ܺԷԼΪʲô
ܿ죬ı˵ԭ
ڼԺ˼Ļ̶ȸ졣еĵԾɴֲʶһ˵äҲΪ
ڶѾĸ￪ˣΪ˼ҲҪʱС
Էöǽ̾˼ʶ֡
ֻĩһСʱĿʱ䣬ҪҾͽ̡
ƽʱٳһСʱںæ
ʵҲλһӣ̫æҪҵܳһСʱǺܲˡ
ɶԷ֪ЩΪֻǵĲ˷ʱ䣬һӶǳ˵ûգͲͷˣ۵ϵĴѧɲֹһ
Էô˵˲˰æϿε뷨
ʱ˰ɣһ¾ˡ
˵꣬˶Էɫòãֱ˾ֲ
һֱվɫԱʣզˣ쵼˵ɶˣ
ûʲô߰ɡ
ӣûٴʶֵ¡
һ죬ʦص˵£һҪӦң
ʲô°ǵһμ⸱ģëëġ
˸ܸСڳеʦæ
ʲô뷨𣿡֪һֱ׷رϲʽʦһͷȡ
Ԥϰ㣬ʦһ˲漴˵ԼҪ£ʱҲ׽ôô¶
㻹һɣȻҪӣŮΣ


127 Ŀɹ
Ԥϵ, ʦʱ⵽ǿҷԡ
ܾ:ȿİǲġ
ְҵʦһҲְͬҵ
ʦе, ֻʱܶĴ㡣
£кС֪ˡǺܺλʦʲô
ҵڳжСֶ, Ǽʶһ¡Сֶ붼ûʹӦˡ
Ϣ, ѧУڲŽĿСֶմĳŽȥ, ·ϣ, ҸдѾܾûյˡ
ģΪʲô绰һŶ
ʵСֶҲѴ, үү, ˵ǻӰѧҵ
ÿºһ, ֻյһš, ˵Ļ, ´δ绰ٸ
Ϊѧϰ, СǾ绰, ǵ㻨Ǯȫ˷ڵ绰ˡ
Сֶվⲻ, дСǶ
ܿ, Ҵ⣬͸Ĵȥܿʦ
Է黨, ЦرᣬҪǸǳ, ͸һ
ҪҪ״簡ô, һӹ
ǿ, Դӵѧ֮󣬾Ļ¶ʼˡСֶվСһеƫģ֪
ǴСһ𳤴ĺѣ£Ҳġ
Сֶһֵؿǣּܾ裬ҲŲأҵķܶĿһҽδʮҵֻѧϰ
Ӿǵһ˵룿ǳϲԣƼ͡
УСֶ֮ݣʱ˿̾͸Ӿˣ
ְֵĽ飬ݿˣѧǸĲס
һ˶Բ:һСֶװεʦȥҽԺȻȥҰҽԺϡ
ʦܼˣ
˵ɾ͸ɣСֶƹſڣĴϳ߿Ͷ䣬վֱԽڴһ棡
ϧ桱ûκá
Сֶرٴγɤſʼֻ֮Դ졣
أʦˣ񱻰ͣұѻȸ
СֶѧУʦʶؿʣͬѧ£
Ŷʮ˵棬Сֶһ׼Ȼ鴤缱ܹʱһ˹ȥ
ҶͻɵˣΪʦͼԼ侲Ͻ׵Сֶյߣ֣ͬѧѣ
СֶڱĵϣЩڴӦСһ¡һǼֵܿһӢˣ
ԥҪҪӵſʱ翪ʼУͬѧȥҰ峵
ڽĩѧУûмʦڣ˺ð죬ǲڴӹ¯ҵһںֳ
Сֶջڽ˫ۣ˿۷Ǳɣ
ڼͬѧĹͬŬ£Сֶձֳ̧øίԱѧǽɢؼңͬѧСֶȥҽԺ
ﵽҽԺҪ߶ʮ·Сֶڰ峵һڣ:ʦˣǵöԼϲǲɣ
ϵķ紵úܴ󣬼˺ò׵ҽԺæȥҽˡ
ܿ죬ҽʿæ̧ˣʱǴŰҲˡ
֪ǰСֶһúҸƵģʣô£˭ģ
ڳΪʦ֮ǰҲǸѱˣʦ֮ƢһƢڳļȫŵӡ
Լѧŵˣ嵲ںǰʵλܲСǱŵˡ
ͷֻ˵磬ɤе󣬲˼
˵һμ²õӡСѸתƻ⣬ǿȥҰɣֶոҪͦס
Сֶճ˳ǣ޲ιȥ
лʿϳݣϽȥӡ
Ӻڼ
һֵҽڸСֶռ壬վ⽹ȴš
翴ǰߴˣѵҪҪ֪ͨһүү
񣬰ȥλŮʦһ˿м̬Ҳȸոº࣬ãȼ˵ɡ
ʱϢ¥ϵһ¥ңڿСֶģ̲סü
ôʲôԵģ
ֵҽҡҡͷһ࣬ʹͬļͻȻģĿǰ֪ԭ򡣡
꣬ޱɨ⣬кСŵøϽ㵽
û뵽Լϸ׻ͻȻ֡
ǵķٶӳ˼һ˲һСѹ»ߵȶ԰Ȱλʦͬѧͻȥңõġ
ûѧ뿪Ӳűŭһ˫ŮʮǿӲǸҽ
׿һУԴԹԸ߽ҡ
վСֶԣʣô£˭˵ٲҾ͸˾绰
СֶвڲװȥˣϽӲһ顣
壬Ҵˣүү
ţľһ顣
걻У֪ΪжһʱвҪô죿
û̧ͷҲʶԣԲ֪ˡ
ƽӷ棬ӳƲǸϸһ̣ܺƽʱûкúùܽǡ
ÿ˻ȥдһϵļ顣дӽ쿪ʼҪʱҽԺɨһСʱֱһͶ֮ǰ
˷׷׵ͷȫɵòС
һߡ
ֳѧͻѧУһ·ڵСֶյ״
ԽԽòԾСֶѧУεСһô֪ģ
ü磬ԷҲɻ󣬡ʱͬѧεûСѧ
˳Ĭֱ͵ѧУſڲٴοڣллʦ鷳ˡ
ÿӦģͬѧʲôҪæģҡ
ţáܿһεĺʦЦŽԼãҽа«έСѧѧʦܸʶ㡣
ֺɫһ죬ӲͷƤ˵ҡҽ磬ʦ
Ȼ뵽׶ͽ֣Ҳһʦѵ
գһ˲Ρ
Ȼһһʱ֮䲻֪ôǰĹ
Ƚ侲òԵسڰ֣˵ټ
ԶȥıӰȻã׽Ҳͦá
ϡ
ؼ̱ĸ׺ݺһ١
˼⣬ҪÿȥҽԺҪдһƪĵø
ᣬڶдõļֱ𽻸磬̹ǵĴ
ӣѵ飬ÿ綼ȥҽԺ
ӸǰŵĻܼ򵥣ɨȣӣæᶫ
Ӵϲһµжɳ࣬ҲӶĿɹ


128 ɽ
һµıæµ, ѡ˳ַ
һʳƷΪӪȥϰ͵ˡطһֱţԺе
ǻѡҪԭ۸, ĺܶ豸ԺҲõϣʡһǮ
˫漸κ, һǩͬ
Ľ, Сر𼤶ǶǺƽʱһ, ϲŭ
ӳ·ϣСܲʣСǽ, ôôҺĵöԲ·ˡ
ǹ𴽽ǣ͵:ڳû֮ǰһжδ֪, Ǹ˵е̫, һյô죿
ܰɣǶͶԷ˵, Ҳаֵֽĺͬ, ǷڵĻ, ǿ̫ȱˡ
СֻǸձҵĺ, ûᶾ, ûٸǽ̫, Ϊ֪˵ٶҲš
ָŲԶķ, ת˻⣬ҪԷģ߰, ҴȥԹ
ҹڵϺǶܰ, Ĺʱ, ûĹϵ¡
ĩһ, ѵϢڼңҵȥԺˡ
ʱ˽ֻһһֽǮһֽпŪĲ԰ˡ
ǰ⼸ض÷Ӹһֲˡ
ĲӣЩûף֮ʮ²ѿ
ʱɾͶˡ
ʱԺű죬⡱ȥţֻЦݵʦһİ
ò˼ҴкȻȥһˡ
ʦ߽ԺӼֲˣæָʹŸȥæСЪ
Ŷá
ֲ˺Уæ߹ȥùĹߣȻؿʼ
Ҳû˳ưвӶʦȥѼ졣
ףҷܿѽʲô𣿡
ôʣʦϵЦݸӲˣС˵ǰȥˣǺǸʦڴأ
ǹϲѽȴһ׮¡
ѽҽϢһ飬ʱһҪμϲ磡
ãôϲһȥģ
ǵ첻ͬڲ԰ǱߣкСһһҶڰԱߣǳ࣬ʦʦ£ûʲôҪ˵𣿡
ЩƮۿǣҴ˵ʲôôǻҪԲɣ
ô˵Сǵɴ˫ۺߣΪĻ±д黹ȥҽԺɨ㾹Ȼǵĸ̫ˣ
Сˣæû˵ϰĸлܵõĸԺһᱨǵģǣԭϵ⣬һ̸
СʧƲƲ죬ΪףףʦԶҸҺлΪ׼ġ
òãֻҪǺúѧϰǸõˡ
СͷֱӺܾĻʼ˼ҪͶԷʲôˣ
ӻصңͼһͷͷ֪˵Щʲô
Ӧغǵ˽Ҳûٶʡ
߽ϴˣϴ˰ȻȥæЩһУҵİڿϣɩдš
ţȥǷе߲ˣߵȥš
һţһܺ
Ǵ÷дǷţӦﷱ衴ʵġ
ҳֽ濴󣬴Ʋס
ﶼͦõģ÷ĻСƽȥ԰䣬ﷱ衻Ūݣλڻ°ãһȥӰ磬÷ḻʡ
ǼˣʵＸ飬ҲҪǳæӹþͺܿࡣ
ڶ˼֮飬һЩƬȫ˶гСƽƬࡣһ档
ţǰղרŷŵĺȻ»صվӵߣЦ˵Ҹ㣬ƽʱҪʱԷܺŪȻ׵θ
ţһģȹȥУһᵱллġ
죬һҽѧѧᣬʱӽ«έҽԺμӡ
뵽ȱҽҩ˲ţǵֱ۲ѵˣҰݷһֻҪԸ«έæΥҼ͵£ʲôǶӦ
ţá
ܰﵽӣӺܸˡ
ڶ죬ʽӡ
ٳ֮ǰһϣȫų
СڴԺ⣬гǰʳƷ
ǳ˳ģ˫кͬȥйصλ˸
һг䶨СŸ˳˵㿴ɣ֮ǰСǽˣ˼һͦá
ҲͬصͷǼ״Ц߰ɣȥ˳Լϲİ칫ҡ
Ժ칫ҵģﶼܿģϾǰֻǸʱûгһҲϰ칫ҡ
ллСǽ㣬á
ֻҪǺúøɣһǸá
ʱ˿̣˶δģϸĳŵǳģ
Ȱѳæֿ꣬ʼæµһ¡
ȥ֮ǰ˰ٻ¥Ϊÿһ˶׼
֮⣬׼«έزϺϣܿʳͷ
ȥУȻ𳵣ȫǶЩ˼ʱãһŷ֣ĺеࡣ
ûϵõöһЩҲá
ڼǺȻżϿǣȻһɫ˵һ·˳磬˵طǵø绰
ոǸӶͨ죬ͷӦͬʱЩС:ڼʲôѼǵøҴ绰һΪǽѣȥҽ𣿡
Ǳͦ棬һᵽ˵ļΪΣˣ֪ˣϽϳɣٲȥ쿪ˣ
Դ˺ͺú˵ڶᵽ֣ÿһζһ⣬䲻Ǻȴ೤
ίͰ͵СϱƵġ
Ŀ뿪ֱ𳵱һСڵ㣬̨߳
ӽлص«έ磬ϵͷһССǽ㣬ôŻˣǱ߳ˣ
üʣż˵ô£
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129 
Ǹϵʱ, ͼſʮΧţ鼤ڳһҪ˵ļơ
վм, ֵû㵭Ҳһֱûͣ, оݽ, ûĻȻҪ˵
߹ȥ, ˣϽ, ЩĶ֡
ĸˣʲô¾͸˵ɡ
û뵽乤˻һʮŮˡ
֮, ǵ۵׾ǲм
ʱ, һʮվ, ˫ֲߵ˵, һǲ, ڳ, ˵, ˣ
ֱͦվڳſ, ȴ, ҹÿһϷҲûӦνĲǮǻҪͷ˭Ӧǵ, ˭ȥ
ô˵һȻſھ, ΪҲ֪, Ǿ̰ⲹ, Ūǣ
ŶԷøֵļƣ෢͵̫ѨôӦǵģû룬ôܵģҲûϵȰȥֱȺáǾԲǮġ
ĻЩ˵ɶոͷ˼״Ͻ˵ұƭˣǮǾˣ˵žҪϡ
һۣѵ£̱ʱǺӦװɣ
һ٣µֱ˻
УҾǣҹκζǳκ£Ҷ㵽ͷϣԱʲô˼Ȼηľǡ
ڳǶֻͨϰգǵľЧոջڽûһʱ֮䣬ҶͷǸ⡣
˷ץһѴͷ˵Ŀġ
ùŻˣû£ǲ£ڸѡһǸǲһǻָǵĹݻسϰ࣬ͬ⣬Ǿϸ棡
ö΢΢üеԹϡ쵼Ϊ˰Щ˵Ĺ⣬пǡ
سϰ£ҿԿǣǾԼʤݹ𣿡
զͲʤأǶŷḻϹˡ
ͷ˻ô࣬Ǿ˵˵ʲô֣ԭڳʲô
˼תת˼˵ҽï⳧ĲɹԱ
ïָ°ͣ渵ʮһ꣬ѧó̺Ⱦƣ1980ʹⷿŻҺ˷ּʱ𣬲ûʧ˵Ķ԰ɣ
˵ɫۿɼٶȱʮѿǣʵң
ûй㣬뿪«έ֮ǰǵϸҿϣܸһݹҲڿ֮Уֻǰĺĵ¿ηΡ
ʵûʲô£ֻЩҪ»سҵһڶѣһˮϣǲΡ
Ʒǿɲ¼á
˼ĿıҴȫï˵һû˸ոյ档
һ־֮Ļ
ɢȥСݵؿǣܺʣСǽ㣬̫ˣΪʲôҪЩԱϱǲµǻ𣿡
Ҳ̫̿˰ɣ
ûֻǿһۡ
СԲ۾ԼѧԲˡ
뿪ĵڶ졣
«έСѧһ꼶˼ҳᡣǵʱʮҳһ롣
кܶ˶סڼԺҼˣ׷ЦŴк
Ҹط£߶ǴԺ
һԵ׳죬Сǣ촩ȹӿƯ
ģҲúܺÿЦؿԷϻһС·˵һ衣
÷ڼԺ׳ȹһϧ軹ڵϸöãҲܽȹӡ
ڰٻ¥·ʽȷʵͦ࣬ûжʱ֡
ĵʱ߽һλҳ壬һ֪
׳ǵĸ첲СܵŮ˽ׯ짣ۼԺģѧҵһһصλϰ࣬ͷ˺ǸӪ
ΪԺйϳԣǺϵЦæ֪Ժ¡
㻹û˵ɣı˿ϲˣʱ̴ء
Ǿһ£ȻҡҡͷҸ֪ˡ
Ļ£һԾ߽ҡ
һˣǿֱȻʼ
ׯʱŮ˺ȻվҳǽԼݣҺãڵĸףӸתѧе㲻ӦԺ
ľٶŪһ㶣ܿ췴Ӧĸ°ɣתѧҳĽܻڡ
ΪԷٻеΣû뵽ֵûͦȻºҲһֱ΢Ц
ʲ
ǰĿԾӷÿҳУϣܳʱһºǵѧϰͬʱС˱ΪοԳɼһԱȣ١
ܵͶĽĿ⣬ǵһθоĵõ˴㡣
֮ǸλҳĽʱ䣬˴յЦǺǵʣѩ裬Һѧϰôãûʲôؾҷһ£
ǷѧؼҺһȳԷдҵȻһ飬˵׼ʱ˯ˡ
ΪӵѧϰɼûжǲΡ
ϾСѧһ꼶ֻҪ֪ʶξͿˡСǻΪϴο԰žûд
е˾û˵ʵɫЩѿѩ裬˵˵£ǹͬŶ
ʱׯ짺ȻóһʼǱЦŶԴ˵ҸѧϰʼǣԭѧУǿһģϣá
ľٶɺͶγĶԱȣеļҳȥʼıʼǡ
裬ҳһ𣿡
ѽҲ볭һݣ˺ã˽׵ľ񡣡
ׯΧԽԽļҳ׳費мһ˵ƲƲ죬Сǣ԰ڣ
ֻ̧ɨûȥ
ҳ׳һؼԺ˸ճѧУſھͱһסˣͷһׯǸŮˡ
Ǻãܸһȥ𣿡
׳ҪܾȴȿڵȻԣһ߰ɡ
ׯ짽ߣ̬ʮǫѩ裬ո治˼ҺŷӦҵʱôе㲻̫á
ЦЦΪֻһͷѧҳû뵽Էһ
ֻͷ⣬ɷǵǰװеˡ
ô̫ãܾ˵˵û
ǹװɵ㶣ׯ˼룬ڨڨЦң̫ˣûͺáǸҺȻҪȥ˹磬߰ɡ
źãټǵЦſ뿪:ʻǲ˵
·ݣһϺ
ӲڼңϺӺһЩĺְʦǮ½еѼһһСüޱ⡣
ûЩڣʦѵ׿Ӻĸף¶ֻԼһĨСǡ£Ƕ֪ҼϰǺİһʮ죬ʮҶ顣һζʮȥˣڣȫ֧š
㣬ʲôѽҼԶĥ˵λһΰҹΣһȭҸ첲ϣʱ۵òû飡˺ü°Ҳԭ
Ǯʶطϸ첲ᵽȻߡ
ıʦЦתͷʶǣGλûʲôĵȱ㰡˵ֺֺǡ
ѽ룬ԺǰԹСҲ㲻ʲôȱ㡣
ٳû˵ʦǮȫˡ
˯ࣿ
ĥƨ
ûгӵӣϴ費ˢʱ򣿡
Ů˺ȵ΢ǰѸ첲֧ϣ˫ЩûУˡ
һĸɽܳרŹġ
ƨǰţ̡̳ǮĴָͶء
ĵʱؼúͰѧϰԻѧϰʵ˼ûϡ
УСƤ棬ܿ죬Ƥͱٳһ
һԿţ̲ס²ۣúһƤôûˣܼҡ
пɲôãƤϻͦ㿴ڱˣôǰܼأ͸һ顣
ǿƤ˺һȻúҲô£ҲѧӣСԼǿƤ
гɹѰˣСסǰСض԰˵ñģȻڵġ
ЩӵУһֱǸԱСͲˣ漴̾ǸһģҸ飬Ҽʦˡ
Ŀգļοĩֶոһȥɣи԰Կ
Ǽȥ𣿡ûţ;ú¡
ѽô˲µġ
ȴ⵽СǵķԣҲȥҪڼѧϰҲҪȥ
ԥΣѡСһѧϰ
ôСҲûǿĩȥСֶ棬һļϣ͵͵ȥйһȦ
µرůǿžˮȫֻʮǮͳˡ
һûдͬȥôԶĵط˷ܵ󺣣޲ñһֻСڿа衣
ⲻСֶյһ͵ܳûô˷ܡ
ھеʱҸ粻Ĵ𣿡
ֻѧϰͰڵ̯

ۼʹҪֱ˵磬ǿߣȥȥӰʱ䲻á
һСʱĹ԰ǰڽĩкܶҳź档
СֶһһǱ߳ԱȺߡ
ʱһʮŮϢؿǣڨҲ𣿡
л˵


130 Ƕ
ŮŰ׳ڳ, ϴһĨ׽΢ЦСֶתͷϲüǲİ˵, һ䣬Ϊ֮
Ůһ, ϵЦҲ֮, 촽ʮίֻѶ, Ǻˮء
ڣǼ鼴
, Ҳ֪СֶղٴС͵:ҸƢ̫, ˭, Ȱ㻹ȥһԼɡ
ŮЩ, бȽϺ˵, ˮ, Ҿǿ, Ǹúӡ
˺±, 治Լܺ͡úӡֹҹ, ²񲻴ʹ
Сֶռ, קסĸ첲ʣϹʲô˵ɶ
дġȫС֪ʶ̱Ͳˡ
ŮСֶǿ׳񣬶˶, վûҸ
ô˭İ´ҿɲˡСֶȻסеĸ첲, һûչ˵ʲôΣա
Ҳٸİ˵, , һء
ǿͰ͵ССֶûŻ
԰ֻ߰Ӷɹ̫ܶຢפΧۣڼҳľû˸ҿ벽
мĺ;еĺûɶ̫𣬿һͿˡ
磬ȥˮɣҿʡ
ŹһطҪˮСֶ̾ýŵǮˡ
԰ϵ̯λÿһƿˮˮƿѺǾվԭغټ䡣
̯λԱһųµʯϣغˮ
ͷ˹ˡ˸ˮ̲סСֶձԹڼҵʱ趼Һˮҿ㣬ӽԺ׸硣
ɱ´γҲŲ򡣡СֶհһˮֹҪƿӣȥѺ𡣡
ûǾȵĿǰ˵磬쿴ǸոŮڸˮأ
ԭˮ²ɣ
СֶȥͼŮһµĹվ̯λǰ˵˵ЦЦǺҪõӡ
ҲѰɣ
ȻǷʣ˵ǲѣǲǮҧְ˺ˮ
ĻСֶüͷ΢ֵС϶һĨ˼
ȱȥҪ
û˼Ǻϵվԭز
ǰŮˮ㳯ǶƬȥ
СֶкиϽϣԽԽ٣ǲԾرý
ֵнйοϢֻͤŮ߽ͤʯϢˮûȡ
СֶպеǾԶҲܿͤ
磬ǻҪðطûء
֦󽥽ʧȥģСֶռ״ļСҾ⣬û׼Ǹ˷ӣټһû쳣Ǿߡ
߻䣬ֻͤ˷ӵŮǸתͷ羰ĹѸԼˮеһȻԾ˵ٶȰ˵ˮƿһλá
ַ൱һͲǵһθ¡
СֶտһĻ϶ĵ׵Ĳ²⣬ѾɵۣޱҸոûܵ˷ӵĹƻߡ
ô죿
ڶ԰ſڵշе绰Զĵ绰֪
֪ҼұϾǼ绰룬ȫǵá
ǺãȥԶ绰Ͽ绰ԭصţԶˣٴû
Сֶ۵ѵô棬ѡԶΪУܰٷ֮ŵֻһ
ЦͷȻǮת԰ܡ
ֱûӰˣСֶղж
һ˷ӶŻΧҲнӦߡ
ͤ˷ȰǸˮСﲻ֪ն񣬾סȰ˵ҪƿӺˮһǳҵˣҵƭĶȥˣ
ŮһǸ˷ӣһĨңֺܿ˵ʲô
ո˵ҵܺˮûͲˣһƭߵģ
Сֶհڳһ׺ݵӣŵ˷ӸϽǹͤߣﻹͣţûܣȥʱ˰ɣٸɧǣҿɺˣ
ǳͤСֶս󣬹˶ĵطϣѣҪٲϣҾͱ
Ļ˷ţ֣صȺ֮УСֶÿһ
˷һĹûЩŵɫײ˵Ҳɪɪˮƿȴûõúȡ
㵽ﰡС˵ûܡ
˭û˵ķݶһߴȥСֶ˫ֻǰȴעһС
Χ˵УһһŮıΧ·˲̫һȽϿɡ
˷ҲǵһôˣΪ˾ľֻٴνͣûܣɣǰң⹫԰ﲻԶġ
ԷԼ֧ߣСֶָǸ챻˼ǮĹ˵Էƭҡ
ǲУǲʶ㣬һǻô죿
һĻ˼㲻ͬҲУǾ£ҼҵܣҲߡ
ʱ˿̣˷ޱȺֵΪǻδĴɵӣȴû뵽ôѲ
ʱȺеһһŮ߳:ôˣҪæ𣿡
˷ӿ񿴵˾ݣæ˵ģ߶ˣ˵ƭߵģôͶûã˵ô죿
ִкܶҲ߿
Ϊսپ˷ӵе˲ǿӲֶΰ˴ߡ
Ů󣬲վСֶյǰŭ˼˵ûûʶĸϽۡ
ԷҪӲģСֶߣȫ¡ЩӴСѧϰɢûطأ
˭˵أʲô°㲻һİɣ
˿СֶջֻǸʮĺӣд۸ӵģ
Ҫ֣Χ˷׷Ȱ˵ͺһʶǵԼ£
ѽһүǶ۸ʲôͣ
һ룬Ȼ˽ӳȭͷҪϴ򣬽Сֶͷһᣬɵض㿪ˡ
ԷѾ֣Сֶղͣһǹȭɹ˵°ϣԷ̰һһ˿ʧ
Сֶȭȭϣʱ̹עŮ˵һһ
дԶϵʱСֶյΧѾΧ˲ˡ
޲СС꾹Ȼô
һ˴ܣ붼ûȥæֶģԷû˻ֵء
ǴܵĹԶŮԱߣϵľװ˷ʶˣͬʱֺ֪ʶǺȦף
ܿ죬ŮһбɹƷǱʱ㱻Ĺų࣡
԰ﾹȻ˷ӣôһ¡ƿҩˮķ֤ݡ
֮󣬹Ա˳ϳɹһŮͯкСֶոǳСӢۣĵӾĵҲ
л˵


131 ĵӾ
ǵ֪кСֶЩº, ˶ɵˣ
˷ӵһпô죿
뵽ֿԣһ²ܳ, СֶգȻл˾ͷ
¼, Ҳһ, Ӵ֮ҲˣСֶոĿеĴӢ, ˭Ҳ治ˣ
ѧУΪǣ⿪˱, öڼԺַһѣһ㶼Ҫַ⡣
, һʮҵ, ˵Լǵ, һкСֶյļҳ
Ǵӵļҳ, ͶԷ档
˳˹, źշ, ȷʵͦݵġ
ڶǼҵѼ, óԼĹ֤ܵ:, Ǻ/ӰƬĵ, ͬѧҵݵһӾ硣
֤ϵĺӡ£ݡ
/ӰƬƷнӰӾƬǰӰӾ, ֵ֧ġ
ԺǲһֶҲʶ黳, ҪڲӰѧϰ²С
ʲôӾ磿㣿Ҫã
ӹİͳһϵݸ, ˵ϸ
һԺΪĵӾ, ȡ«έӵľͷڼɡ
ϾݣҪľͷرࡣ
ʵСӢ¶ͽʱҲڣÿǲ֣ⲿĽɫĺʺǡ
ֿޣЦرãɡԵ˵Ҫһ£𸴡
ǷϣǰСֶսеУǺú̸һ̸
СʱСϣֵرԡ
Ȱһ飬ٰϵݸСֶүүǱʹˣľȿٸҴ𰸡
˵ţתͷУҲͬأȥȥԼ
еһԼ£ͷǷգҲ벻ȥǲȥ
СǼ״һת⡣óŰֽд[һᷢ]ȻֱֵֽرСΪֹ
ֽŷеǰʣ磬дȥͲȥѡһһô
һԥؿĻѡһҪ򿪿ʱȴСס֡
ոѡʱϣֽʲô
бʵһɵ˵ʵ뷨ǡȥ
ѾдˣͲҪٿֽˡСֽСֶգֶո磬ҪҪһԣ
СֶնɵΪܲмҲŲԣȥȥȥͲȥʲôþģ
㵽ȥȥ
Ȼȥ˵˻ϽͧϷһûϹͧأ
һ⻰˲ǰһ³ײˡ
ҲҪȥҪϽͧ
ڶ죬ϻݣͬʱͶԷǩݳͬ
ٻвµʱ䣬Ƕڴĵ
һڹȥ
ڰǰ죬ڷ糾͵ػˡ
ͬһĻҽҩ𾴵ӵԪ
λ˹¼ҹһӦæΨһ:һڼϣӻǰʬˡ
ڵ֪ǻ֮ǰǾѾڹ˷ӣŶԺ徲Ϊһķչ
оҲ׼׵ֻȶԷ
վͷǵе㼤ֻʱּűǿѹȥ
򰶱ߵӺ뱧Ҳ֪ʱ˿̲ɵĺʱ
½ϰΪ˫˽ܡ
æ֣ò΢Ц˵һЩ滰ҲɫؽӹȥӵԪס
ǰãǸÿ˶һгǲڴͷ߻ص
˼ҵڱȽϼ࣬Ӳίˡ
ӵԪڰ֣һЦݣʱɽԽҲҩһ߼ʮ·ҲǽɣɱСҡ
ǱЦȾ˵Ц:ӲҲɽҴɽȥһ«έķ⡣
ãһΪ
ţһΪ
ӵԪϵһ죬û̸ϵ£úϢһΪӷϴ
˰źúǱ뿪ˡ
ؼҵ·ϣгĺֻ˵̲ס󣬡˰ھгԵò𣿡
˱һ񣬲ûгյȥ󣬲һЦﳵ֡
ֻһû֣Թ԰ϲٶˡ
үүͰ軹λôʲôԵĶûرСʳûУ
ʵʳ·ϣҪܵЦⶺЩԵĻתһ̫ؾû
Ǻʧڲˡ
ǰԶһҷݡ
ſͣ³üЦݸΪ˲㣬߰ɣȥԺõġ
̧򷹹ƣ˲ϲüңոյʧһɨգ:󷽣
ȻϵߵⷹݳԷ³Զϻ
߽ݣֻһˡ
ӵһЫӻ㹻˳ԡԷڼ䣬ǱߵȤţ˵÷Ť裬һĽʲôʱܹ
ǰ
Ҳԣ㡣
ϸΪвˣÿһԵģԵģ󶼽˵Ķӡ
ǿͷѾĿ꣬ȶʮҾݣʱԺʲôɡ
Զ룬Цãף³ɡ
֮󣬶ָϸ˵˺ץ˷ӵ£ٴȻ¡
Һãһƽ¡
кСǵְֽ֪ѧУһ춼Ĳɵġ
ϣʦͬѧǶģʼʣ˭Ҫվ
л񣬸ûʦ˵ʲôֱʦ֣̫зӦ
æλվһãȻ
ͬѧ˵ȷ𰸡
ͷĲ֪ʦɶֻͬ׳ĸ첲Ѱ
׳һʦԷûԼŸдһӡ֡
˲ᣬ˵𰸣ںһ֡
شȷʦ£ھԴǵʦף
һɤȫͬѧĹעбУתޱ
ʦŷ۱ߵԣڣ˵˵ôˣ
׳д𰸡
ʦУ˵ǲģ
ױץᡭͷϴ̬á׳վ¿Σʦԭǡ
Ϊˣ׳ߺ޵¶Ѿڶˡ´ץѱҲָʦ
ҿûҼҳҰֽջҿɲɨˡ⣬ѷɻؼҡ
α۸СܵˣֱҪϿˣŰڶµ
Ҿ㣬²ٸҾٱҸ磬ⱲӶϰ೤ѧϰίԱ˵һ
ǰ˫ֲŮڵ۵׻һĨмѧϰһֱܺãŲв
˴͸ܳͷûʱúýһ硣
СǼôţʮУƣ
ѧ˵һϰ೤ѧϰίԱͲأ
ֻ⵱ܿŭ֪ȴĽʲô
ϣǼʮ֣˾һƱյЦϡ
ǳԹеķžߴֻСһ飬ϷȤ
Ϊӵĸ磬Сֶռѧô棬е㲻˼ȥžߴ£һ𣬶кͰ㿴˼Ƕ̿࣬󡣡
кͰͷϣžߴˣԴܾɥ
ûһþĵģĸ˲һѧϰر桭
һȥҵķı䡣
ʦڶˣǵĹҲ죬ʱоŻؼҡ
Ӽô࣬ÿȥͷԹԴڼ￴飬ѧϰɼ١
ٽٵʱŵݴž«έ
кСֶղμĩԺ󣬾ͽ˾顣
һ飬ǿʲô棬˽ǻÿʵԸ񣬺ܿͺ;ԱһƬ
ھаݵǵĶӣտʼûͦ˳ÿͷһͨ
ܿͳˣݶϷⲻҪ˼ҡְ֡ڡ
õݺܽƣտʼȰ˵ѶԷװ֣Ϳˡ
ŵݵĻһ£Ǻ
֮£ֻЩͷıġ
һߣСֶҲ̫˳ھаݵǶǶµСӢۣһץסطӡ
ͽϷУһ湦ֽкãɵȵͷʱǸͷ͸۲ֱһ̨ʺתûһġ
òҵĵСԱȴһһ࣬ŵݿǶ챻Цˡ
ͬѧͰ⾵ͷľ鵱ճ㿴ƽʱ˵ͦģôһͷ˵أ
СֶշͷЩڵѡϷͬǩˣֻš
ŵݣճҲôͽ˵˭֮ǰ˵ôϻǲǵʱôҪ̨ɾɾ
ͷһֻܵȼҳʱ취
ڶǹæǻؼҵαӵϡ˵еĸʱͬ˾ǣ
Ҫ̸̸ֻϷѣô档
ţһ̸ġʵ˵ӲԸбˡְ֡ʱӵá
صңСϣǹھȻ˵⡣
˺ίĲ嵱ְ֣֣ܲҲȥϷҰְ֡
ӱЦͷ˵Ϸܻǡ취˷̫ġ
СֶյҪѣӲѧݳ벻ʲôı״
ʱСԱĬĬһУȻ߸߾ְֵ֣Ҳȥιۿ𣿡
뵽ڼȷʵģҲûʹӦˣԣֻܿһͱ뿪
Сǿĵָ֤ģҾֵģ
ڶ죬ȥ飬һӶǸֵѸȫĹע
һϰľװӢͦ˱ǻҪ˧
ΪŮι۾Ըûż뿪ǸݴкСվһĬĬۿš
еıֺһͨ죬ǽв֣֡õݺֻϢ㡣
ûɵߵСǰԼûõð
ɥСС˵ʵڲУðְվ棬ֻҪͷûͿֲ֪ڹ˭аְ֡
ⲻͶȡ𣿡
ȥʵݲ£ְһҪˣȰ㾡졣
Уھȥʣ
бȥʵݣû뵽ԷȻͬˣ
ԭҲһмģ⣬˼룬϶⺢ݼԹ飬бضΪ
ڣĵú˳Сֶռ״æȥСǣ˵զûʲôð취
һûϷأʱ벻취
УһϷúƣܽҸһϢ
ãû⡣СǺܺνĺϢʲô
ȵСֶϳʱͷ۲ֱǻƽ̫һСǶùЦ
ֱ߹ŰЦһȥ
Цʲôأ˵˵ô죿
˵Ϣ
УȰҽٸ㡣
˵Ϣ
СֲֶֻЭҸǴ㿪ģ
𣿻ôͻˣСǰһڼһȥڵ̯׬Ǯ
ţڸҰ취ɡ
⻹򵥣´̨ʵʱ̧°ʮȽԶҪԱٰ̨ôһ㣬֤һ
СֶΪ棬л͸Ͻȥҵˡ
㾹Ȼ漣һˡ
Դ֮СǵĻʥּһ㣬ʲôͷʲǫ̂ʣ̧°ʮȽǣקקģżˣ
ʱڶǵĹһȺų
Сһǰһ߸ҷֽһѵŶٰ֮ѱ񽻸ҡ
еıһƸݶǶġ
Щ˲ʶֻ֣ȥСŮզһͼвУ
ʱǴӰ칫߳仰Ųһ٣ȻԼжס
ǺܶСѧûϹ˵ˡ
˼һ˲ߵС߶ԸոʻЦ˵ûͼɣǽˣԺϸҽ¼
һ⻰˲ֿ˻Ǹðҽκʮꡭ
С¼ʣԭųɳŵĶ鱻ֳһʴӦƸЧʡ
һЩҪĻ֪ʶĹ֣ܡɹԱ֮ģͱٽһԲܿǡ
ʵĹУǻǿ֮ѿɨä࣬﹤ҪͬμɨäУɼߣԺ󻹿Եְֻнϣ˲ӦƸ
ڵλõԭ«έϳ촬ĹӪ⣬С͹ûС
֮ǰҶǿԷ΢Ϻò³ӣ˭ԸôõĻᡣ
Ƿ׷ױʾֻҪԸ¼ǣӽһúøɣ


132 ֺ
Ȱ˶һ, ʱӡ
෢͵üģֻԼ̫ˡ
Сһƣ۵ؽǻؼҺú˯һ, ôæ϶Բ, һ, ¡
룬ȷʵô, ǽúƣӻؼˡ
ʱ̫, ̫ˣ֮ͷ˯, ȫƽʱ̬
ӴСǴӾʱ, ͼԼҿһ˯ˡ
, ⡰˯ˡ, ϲ˯, ˲ƻС
˯, ӶСǱһĶ, ȻŮ˳ȥ
Ǳһζѵġ˯, ̧ʱ, ŷԼڲ֪˯˺üСʱɫһƬ
ʱڳССժ, и꣬Ӱѵ˰, ЩժĶǷŵˮϴ
СǿæµӰ, ʵְ, ֻĸˣһӲˣܳԵ𣿡
ܾûúóԷˣǶһ㣬Ҳܶһ㡣
ŶáСƶǶֻ֪ԼɻͶˡ
аСʣȥ𴲣
ã˯ɣ˯ٳԡ
Ŷпһӵζԡ
ǴҳһĻʱͷʣ𣿶˾ͳԷɡ
˵ţת˵:Ĳ˲ҪˣҶˣǿԷɡ
ţá˷Ķǣٰиõİ׷
иÿʢһ׷￪ʼ̣ڿԳԷˣ
ϣǸΪԼвϵЦҲá
裬֪ûˣ˵ҪҪȥ
ŮǽĿ⣬һۿ͸ڴʲô⣬ǻ̽׵ģڵ̯ģȰ˼ѧϰϣ
СǼƻʧܣر죬ûټĻĻ⡣
Թӻطѧϰ߰æˢ룬Ǻܾûˣж
ллôóԵʳ
Ӧ˵Ŷԣʱˡ
˻ӶԷ֮䰤øһЩ
ϴõɷŽװСָˡ
Сָһ˿鴫ûҿȵ񣬡ôûãһͦõġ
Ļ䣬̧ḧգָϸۣһĨ
ˣ϶ûˡ
ͷĿתؿˮӯӯﾡĵӰ
˺ͷȥѰĴֻ꣬׾ʱһɤ˲ա
֣㿴УϷô
̧ͷջмһ/ҩζûԼƷﶼ֪𣿣
ǲԾع𴽽ǣС˵㻹ȥɣҪ
֪һ룬ͱ˷ס˴
ҵ£ԼҰɡ

ڶ峿һҹϢǾȥϰˡ
Сǿ˸߲ҵȥͷӻ硣Ȼܺڵ̯ˣЩ⾭ҲȤġ
СֶջҪϷ˵ֻԼŴֻԶʻС˷ܵسϰڰ֣:磬
ͬʱվڴͷ۵ȾЦ⣬Ů֣ѷ˰ߡ
ϰˣСȲܹȥʣ磬ηżٴڼʲô𣿡
أûæԵػشܡĶȥڼүү
ŶСЩʧûٶʡ
ܴȥС̵Ĺɣ
Ȼԣ߰ɡ
յֻ߼·ͳˡСǿĹһ࣬ٴæһɣ빤кԶء
ɻһξܾˣֱŶǵǰСǲ֪װʲô
ǿϵĲ̵绰жÿˣ
ģ
ţǾɵġ
⺢̫вˣð̱
˵ţſֱҪһӵȴ约ߵض㿪ˡ
ʲôֻҪвϣҶܰ
СǺذŪŵ绰С磬ѧ𣿡
ٳһЩҽ㡣
ִóһƵֺУ͸Сǵ
ʲô򿪺иǣΪǸױ֮ĶȴʲôûУ
ûŪԭָź˵иšһԣ
Сתһӣһŵ˫ۣʲôѽ
򵥽һԭͬʱֺУѧЩһҪúѧϰſԡ
˿̣Сȴ:ѧһܷ¸
ֺ֣ʮӲŰպá
ȥ˾顣
ǣСֶպһץͽľ顣Ϊӣȥ˺ü˲ʹʮֻ
ۼ綼ˣȴû취뿪СֶսüͷŵݣʵڲеĻҵⳡϷɡ
ֱͷӦУԡ
ӺڲӿĺߣСֶմһЩУ̧°45Ƚ죬ҵķ΢΢˶͸жʡ
ҵСԱӦѱĵˣûʲôԣǷʽʼˡ
վڲԶһĻСǣڸΪʲôҪ棿
Сȥ˲ˣû뵽СֶյÿϷͬһף
Ҳûֹ
òɣȵⲿӾ꣬᲻һƬ


133 
ùʮ˳, ݷǳ⡣
ؼҵ·ϣСֶҫոտûݶ˵ݼ
š粻̴˵ΥĵĻ, ֻĬ
СƲۣҿ, Ͼ⵱ġ
ֻϣһ⡣
һ, ڿڣϵУô£װû𣿡
СֶյͷϵСѧУ, ͵Ҫ󴩵ģСС˵, չ¶֣أ
ıȫûע⵽ǰֳĬˡ
ص, СΧڻߴת, Сֶռ״, , ̫˰, ͬǸ, ƽʱôûΧתأ
СǱѼͷ, һ, 㲻绰, ҲֺУǻá
УҸؾ˭棡
ϰΪؿǶ죬üȾһĨЦ⡣
һ, óһеֱСֶ˵:ǻС, Ҫ, Ӧ, Ͱ͸㡣
СֶùֱЦشӦİɣԺһˣ
绹Ǻģվȥүү鷿
ڿɳϣСǿǿԻĳָһأ
Ȼֱ֪ԭϻǶ٣֪һֱǶ١
ֱǾͷˣ
СֶռһֱԼֱ⣬ɣҵã˵ҸϲĻң
ǰж꣬СǰһۣŲţڴһ۸ңֱûջȥ
Сֶ:
ȵ죬һʳ˻ǣƣǾǡ
«έʢÿ춼ǺķռΪǵĲʶ˷ϡ
ڶǱҲзƷԭ֮һ
ڼǰͿʼ滮δ
ҪһұƷ⹫ҽطʺзɿˮߵıʳƷ
εİ쳧飬ԺٿҩҲ׵öࡣĿǰƷڼ⵱Уźܿġ
Ϊ˻ӭзͺҾһ𣬶Ƶĺ档
ǰȴûԹ
ڶǵָ£ǰǳϴһ飬üһȦȡͺƣȻǷ׿һΣͺƾԶˡ
ɾĺǿֱӳԵģ´ҲӦֳԷһ
ҪˮаȥȣտͿԳˡ
ϣǿŻƳγεĺһӦǾͼͦ
ʦһ˲һŨɢڼֱóԣ
治͸һ۵ġ
˼״׷һƷʶеںչֵ쾡£ǲԼͬĴָȫζ
ҺϲЦģرгɾ͸С
Էڼ䣬ˣӷֳ򣬸ĸĻ档
Ż˵ʺͼǰȶ˸ı䡣
ǰ߱øͣ߱ø
Ż绹ƺ«һСʵھô̸𣿡
ͷΣ֮ǰѾʹһΣҽʮ꣬
գգ۾ȻСѧҲȻûгꡭ
Ϊʮˡ
㵽˶ʮҲ̸´αˡ
ʦڣʵⲻ˻뷨:̸ð¶̫ˣ
ʱСֶմչʵ飬Ҹֻз죬˻׬Ǯĸע
ȥȥȥһȥ˵Сٲ졣ΪСѧʦһ̽⡣
СֶƲƲ죬ȥˡ
ԽԽȣˮҲࡣ
꣬öܲˬȥģĿǰֻܵȵˡ
µúܴڰ칫ǰһ߲鿴ⷿ嵥һҪ͸ʲôã
Ϊ쳧ںȱ˲ţԴӻ󣬼æʱ˲ʵ£泧˺ܶѡǺܸмһرĶ
Ǯ̫ףͷ̫С·֮ƽͣȫĸм֮顣
ʱ⴫һϤЦ΢΢ü:СڲڼҺúѧϰôˣ
ܿ죬ű˴򿪣СǱһ鱾ڻ߽칫ҡ
Ϊ˸ɡİӱˮʪˡ
龰šüģô꣬ôڼҴŰ
ʪɡŵһԵĵϣϹЦڼҺģ°ؼҡ
ڲ磬ǵȻĻóոµëһ۵صݹȥɣðˡ
ëûӣûôʪò
԰ëУɣ㲻
˵ֿ꣬Сǣﱧ鲻ҵģ΢һ㡣
СǰЩڰ칫ϣſڼҿȥ￴Чʡ
ҵ⣬ȫǿ飬硶ݸĿеֲᡷڽڷ鼮
֮㷺öǲզࡣ
ԣ㲻ܳҹ
֪æҡСǹԹϣһ鿪ʼؿ
΢ʪͷûаëȥװµٻǡ
İ칫˸æģΨ⡰ڽ
Сʱ󣬶æĹŻȥ˳
ΪʡǮ豸ǾɵģһЩʹõĹУٻһСëǰʱһֱڰæԻΪû
Щ˼þ񣬾ܸ󣬵˵ûȫЪ˼
豸Ѿ˴룬һСֻûŪ꣬ð뾡ȫ޺á
ڵԵĹУվԱ̽ھǱǮүү˵ھöҪǮˡ
ƽʱҲûʲôĶ
ЩӵУȷ͵ǸҲ׬ǮǸ
ˣڻһСǡ
վһߵǮӡ
ǮʲôȱöǺͷۣʵ벻ʲôϾϲ
豸꣬ʱѿ쵽תСļ󣬶Ǵص칫ң˵
ǵСٻؼңھߣ
СǱ黹ʮҳû꣬Ŷǣ裬ٵȵȣٸʮʱ䡣
аɣȴȥⷿǱ߿ϻ
ϵĿⷿ嵥űߵɡӵȥ
ˮڻɡϣžĪꡣ
ʱ䣬Ա˴롣û°࣬߹ʣСǽ㣬ʲôҪ𣿽С
ã°ɣ·עⰲȫǾֱⷿûȥһ۱ȽϷġ
ɡԥһ˲ջĻˣҲҪСġ
תߣڿҪ߳ԺʱȻ¡һ죬֮˵Ĺע
㵵ػعͷĻУֻԶĿ̮ⷿһƬ
л˵
ps:ĪţŮûָ
ںڰٶȡ



134 ָ
ˮĴڵ, γһǳһˮӡ
ⷿݶƬ»䣬ºᴫһ졣
ڱĵϣֻͷʹ, ʶǱʲôѹ, ˶á
ʱһһȥ, ʶģջûܼס, ˹ȥ
ոյġ¡Ѹܳ⣬Сǿ̮ĵطǿⷿʱ, Դ˵һֻʣհһƬ
ͼԼ侲תͷСǽ:ǹ, վﲻҪ, ȥ
˵Ļⷿķ, Ķ:Ư衱ǧҪ£
Ҳʱϵⷿ, ̮ķ, ǰǿľͷ, ܿڽҵ˶ǵӰ
ʱ, ѾԲ, æῪѹϵľ, Ҫ˱ȥ
ɣұ󡣡
ǻʪӣ绹侲, ãﻹҪ, ôעⰲȫ, ڻΣ, ȳȥʱҪЩ
˵꣬ǵ壬Լϡһ̣Լڳˡ
عСҲʱܵⷿ⣬Ҫͱֹˣȥ绰
ôˣСվɫ԰ףӾһֻҲ
Ϊ˲ӱһһתƻС̲£ؿ
ţھȥ
ŮɱȥıӰĬĬ˿
˵İ£ǱϢҵĴϣΪΣûٸŲ
ʱھҽԺӵ绰һȥˮ˲ʪۿ
ڵһܳܳΡ
ڴʱ¶ʹޱȣôӶûô۹
Ŭۣȿǰɫ컨塣
ż佥Ϊⷿˣľˣ
֮ʣһƵˣ
ǻͷ˫Ѫ˿۾еˡ
ţ˯˶ã֣ԼӹǺе˵ȴ
ḧգشһһҹˣо۾˯һ
رۣңԼȷʵҪ˯һ
ٴѾǵڶ糿۾ͿСһʵһ
С̣ˣ
裬
üͬһʱ𣬶ʶ:أ
ŰѣС̴м״ҲΧȦת
̧Ůᰲû£ǲҪġ
Ļ䣬ſڴܲôÿɰŻˣˣ춼ûˡ
Ǯ³ﻹ󷹺УⲻˣҰæͷ
ǶԹͷ̫ˣ֫ŷȴʯ࡭
ôˣ𣿡
ֻǹˣġǮ°ѷзŵϣüȥһţȻ򿪷иǸʢ
û˼ȣ磬Ǳôʧ𣿡
㵽֣ѰŲŲϸ˺Ĵ취
꣬ڷˡ
סԺʱסǮȰǶߺ󣬶ǲȷʲôʱزĶ֪
£ס֡
ʲôأоϻ𣿡
̧ͷΪӡˣҡͦõġ
ܶ飬ԭǵĴ飬̥
Ҳ˵ԭԭϱӺ˽Ҳ
ΪʲôǶμ䣿Ϊں׵ĵ죬Сˤһӣḁ֮̊́ǰļ䣬̥֮ʮľȴˡ
ôˣע⵽ķĶͷ۵׾ǵġ
˼룬ҡͷ˵û£תƻʲôʱܳԺġ
Ҫʮ죬㰲һġ
Ҳ㣬ú˯һɣȻȦȥˡ
ţáΪģӹشúʹ졣
û֪⼸ҹжô»ʧȥ
һʮȥ
ʮ죬ǱĥòᡣΪֵȣֻʯȶˣ
ÿ춼Ҫ¾ʯôҲӲ
òʮ죬ͿԳԺˣ
ֻҪʯ࣬Ҫȵ¡
ڼ䣬ÿ˺ȹͷǹͷһӵġ֡
߰ɣұȥ
˽ʵļſֱסĲӣѾɻ˼ҡ
֪ԺǴͿʼɨΪʹУǷ·ļҾƷȫԭλ
Ϊöһ㣬绹ȡ
ѷȲϵ磬ܿҶתķ硣
ķ죬СǾԼûá£ֻɵԭظż
磬˵ԭϴζҲߣ˵ġ
ϴСǵԸ࣬Ҳûȥ飬ÿǮ¼Ҳֻ֪ѧϰ
ΪǼ¹ڻšüģֻ⣬ûйϵ𣬷赣ġ
Сǵͷ˼һ˲һ㣬ţԺһԹԵģҲˡ
һߣкСֶĸľҪΪȣҲõĶ
ǣͷͷƨɿʼóӲĳȡ
ѧõĸߣ·õߡ󾭹Ǿø߲
Ƕ˵ֻҪܼסǸС
л˵


135 տ
˺þ, ǰѳߴˡ
붯־ڵľϡСֶ⵽֣Ͻæ
òװĸľȫ꣬ã
ôܰӺһ֧أ
ۼǿҪ, Ǻܽƣû취, Сֶֻȥ̻硣
ʮӺ, ڻָ£һ׹Ⱦˡ
кСֶն˷ܣ
óС, Сֶյ磬̸ְ, 迴ǡ
Сֶվⲻ˷ֱȿԼ֡
ŤŤ, ͦÿ
ǻصյǵʱ, һĨů⡣
, ԼǸ, ôɰĺ, á
ľӼҪҽԺö, ÿӶ緹ϰ, ʰĹкС
ֻҪԹͺ, ֱٽʯ, 㱻
ƣȲŸֿʼ˼ʼƻ
֪ܶ֬ͣӼÿ춼ֻһ㷹, ȫܵġ
ڿμϢʱСԱߵλ, ¶һ, ԵЩҳ, һ㶼óԣ˵ô죿
ԼΪԵĸײġ
СǵҲ벻ʲôð취ְ˵ӪҾΪܲô˵ġ
˵꣬ӽ̾
ʱڴ߾һǸСǲϲüʲôͰеİɣ
Ҳ̧ͷþ
վﴹһ־Ӹµ̬ʣ羺ѡ೤㻹ǵ֮ǰ˵Ļɣʱǧޡ
СǵȻǵõ˵ĺݻصϺʾİɣ೤λԶҲġ
ǾͶСѧ꼶֮ǰİ೤תѧжˣȱ˴עĽ㡣
ѡķͶƱ磬ÿλͬѧֽдԼĿа೤֣ٹƱ
ڶԼģͦţ°͵ȴ
СǸУͺɻţ
ܿ죬ȫͬѧͶƱóһֽʼƱ
һƱ
һƱ
һƱ
ȫʮѧûһȨƱĽһƱʤֻʮƱ
ɫ䣬ԽĽڵһվʵⲻܣѧϰãô
ѩ
ļѧϰɼǾѡ೤Ψһͬѧѧϰɼһֱǰéһѡ೤Ҿûʲôɵġ
Ļû˵ڣкŲһߣףŬͬѧǺúദΪʲôȲÿֻ֪
⺢ӹִ֣෢۵̫Ѩȥҷá
ͬѧѧؼңʦһߡ
ڶ˶촽Ʋͷ˵ˡ
ʵҲԼᱻѡΪ೤ѧ׷Сʵã˵ͬѧΪɶѡҰ
ôСҡͷһʵ飬ΪѧϰãԸʣһ¶ͽСӢۣԴҶܳ㡣
ңеƲסû뵽ԼһҲΪ˳ݵĶ
ѽҪŬѧϰСļϣΪ˰೤ͼǿǸԶ˵һ
ܰ
һߣڻؼңһ·˺ӵļͥ
ᵽر𽾰
ҰӪ繤˵ҪͷأҪСŬҰ־ҵİ
üûٶ˵ʲôǸڳԺķȥ
ס¥һҰĸסû
ׯ짿ҷʱɫ΢΢һ䣬ý̬ʮ顣
Ȱ֧Ȼ˵⡣
ƽʱѧУֲѧϰҲʮֿ̿࣬ԸȽϽԴΪҳϣЭҵĹǹͬලȡվȱ㡣
ׯЦŵͷ˵ƯȴΪ⣬ֻҪвģ
㲻ϻëǰ೤λñȥѻ
ȰߺڴӷгһʣʦĻ㲻ȥξѡ೤ʧܣʧܵԭʲô
üͷ˰Σ뵽ԭ򣬡ѧϰãԵҲֻ˵Ӿѣ裬ҲҪĵӾ磡
ӷԭׯ짳˼Ƭ̣пΪ
ȵ⸸ȥıҰݷã˳飬ܰѶҲŵľ
ڶĩˬ
ǾԶ⣬ʱԼ֬ͣͶˡ
Ż绹ڵûؾУһЩ⣬ִӲ԰ժ˲߲ˣֻ˶˿ʼ
СǿԺں¯ӣԴʺţʲôѽҿۼҲܾˡ
Ƕǵһտǹص:ܡȲ㡣ˣһ£
ʲô°Сǻڶտ¯Ǹʲôõģ
ΪŮش⣬˫Լ
͸ˣ֪ƽʱѧϰ׬ǮʲôΪ֪İ𣿡
Сβ룬ò뵽һϲʣҿֲܻͬƱ
˼תתȻ⡣
˰
ڹϹƮԺ룬ڷһֻտ¯
ӴԶͰ׸ڿ¯ǰһԴӡ
վһԿʼָǣҪ̫ȻģȻСһٿ
տ豸ǰרģһֱûó֮أǶ?N˷ܡ
Χڻ¯ԣѧһѧҪô⣿
ڶǵָ£˽еöͦ˳Ȱһ׷¯ϣҪ֡
żưð׶еƮɢУӣ̲ס¿ˮ
۰Ͱ͵ؿʣְ֣ʲôʱܿð
ܿܺãżӼԼú񻹲¯Ϸһס
СĽԶַҪܶ࣬ȥάҲԹĿ⴮¿ζ켤ÿˡ
Ѵõ⴮ŵ¯ϣƬ̺⴮̡죬齥͹⽹֣һζ˴ߡ
ôζ˭ܵˣתͷ⴮̾ͶԿײȤˡԶѿõ⴮ݸ̲ס٩ôڿⷽұǿɣ
˳ؽӹ⴮û֮ǰһɫػش:ҰְԶģ
ͯǵĹЦӹ𴽽ǣøˡ
õ⴮ûмųԣȥ͸ǣ԰ɣ㶼þûԹˡ
ޱТ˳ĶӣޱȻϲֻһ˵лл
ָ֮СǷһȻſʼԡ
Ũζֱóԣʳаĵڶ
һĺ⡣
˵ַԽԽҳԵó죬˾þ޷
ڻؾǰһ죬ٴΰев͸һƱһŰƳƱ꡷
Ʊһʮöںֵ
һʮף͸һס
һźƱЩ֣СطŽԶǱʾл
Ʊˣǹ˵һҪúñ棡֪𻵻ʧһ׷㣡
кĻЦ֣سŵһúصġ
߻·ָֻƽ
˰೤ǱһƵģƽμϢҲˡ
ڰеı仯У
ԭΪֻҪԼҲȥСԱܰѰ೤λöȴû뵽Ǹŵ˵ʲôҪı̵Ӷ
ȻЩĽеİְˣ:İְöá


136 
1983Ĵ, зıƷˣ
һҪǿʣ, ӻ˥ϵá
Ǹ˸ֽ[Դ]⹫Ԭ, ȡ֮г
Ʒ, ֻǷȱ뵽ʡ
ôһֱڸʡͶ, ѻ˲Сʡ, Ӧܸ۰ɣ
һ죬ȥǵг, ȥ̸档
û, ǵı仯ܴ, Щ·Ѿ, ҿļԲ, ֻ±һ, ҵȷĹ·
˵ǶǵĹ, Ǿ, , 㼸ûصѵ𣿡
Ѿûˡǵ֪ԼԭʱԶżǼ˾͸, ⱲӶٿǡ
ϧ⻰, Ͼһλˡ
촽, ͷ, ൱ĦǣʱǶûĶӰ
ʵûϳǶӰȸк
GⲻǶʲôӺˣ
Ϥǻֻ΢һ¾ϳȻ˶Ū˼λʶ𣿡
ʻӰЦ˻££ͷΪǶӰûϳ𣿡
װܳʵҡҡͷûҪʵڱһûϡ
ԴӶӰȥϷһ󣬾СеĴ´磬һɫ͸Ƶģ⣬ԺлһҪȥŮ˶ôСϣɶʶûС
˵ţҲܶԸԸһƨԱߵλϣȥϷڷװ˲Ǯզڴϰأ
ûУˡ
Ϊǳ˼ͥû׷ʣ߶ż˵Ľ
ڼǰһϰ飬ϧ˼ҸһģûͰǮʧˣΪͻԳѪȹˣȽűòô
Ϫٻˣ޵Ƕ飬˼ҵġ
³ǸǳԺͨǵ΢뻹ġ
أô
ҵȻǶǿƭǮŶûУ
ʵǶԶżҵһ㶼棬Ҳ֪ٸʲôҺʱվˣվ
ѲǶż˵ãӰΪӣҪϵʽˡ
ֿͣӴԺҲûм桭
ڶر֪ոǸŮ˭ûҶʡ
ǰ治Զʡ磬ǺȻعͷ˵ѲƷҰɣȥǱߵгһˮ˶ڣָǣС
μĻϸʵһ乻ҪҪ䣿
ãˣ̫ߵ
˵꣬ת߽磬׼˼ҿˡ
ȥܱ࣬ԷһѱƷ⣬˵Ҫ͸ˡ
ʡĹѿɲˣҪˣ
ѽʶˣֻϣλʶķϣܰѼ۸½һ㡣
ô˵ܱЦʶôã۸˵Ʒôǧܲˮ֡
ԷɣǲŭЦѲƷŵģ洫طзɣЧۣ֮ͯܶ࣬ǶԣЧȵĻ϶ǲҪǮģҴۡ
Ʒٺ٣ǵˮƽֻǸոߣûγǶԼĲƷģŸҿƷ
ô˵ܱЦرãŴȥĲתһȦ
Ѽ۸̸ˣҲͶŹڶ
ǰ:ЩƷûκ⡣
ǻص«έȫĵͶ뵽С
˴棬˼ҵԱ򿪵Ǳг
һµĵȴƷĹڵʡϿڵĹʸ̵ӡ
֮ѩƬһĶ
Ϊ˼Ӵȣǻѹ˹㲥
Щ˱Կ̬ĲƷÿʳúԵõ˸ơ
˵ĿڱõĹ棬ͨһʮʮ٣[Դ]ڱгɹ˳֮·
Ҳ׬
ٽĴǰϦһĿ̤˻ؾ·;
кСѾˣС꣬Сѧ꼶
ڻؾгϣСѵò飬ǰŪЯвҩ
Ǽ״۽ǳ˳顣
ǣҪҪϢһ۾ѧϰ㲻𣿡
СǴҩãȻ̧ͷҡҡͷҲ۰ŪͦȤġ
ȤҲҪݽϣ㿴Ҳÿʱÿ̶ѧϰ
СڷЩٰպòˡ
裬Ժ󻹻«έ𣿡
뵽ǸʮĿǰְڹҺ첿Źǳǳæǲ֪λش⡣
ԥһ˲˵ʵ飬ǡˡ
ٹ˾ݣֻھг׶ӡ
СǱ죬ʮֵ䣬Ժѽ⣬ֻܿԼŬˣ
ǼġֻܳοϴѧǾͻˣԱѹطʱ򡣡
ţãһ͵ģ
ڻ𳵸ĵ㣬εﾩϡ
֪ǽһճڳվڡ
겻Ůôˣ
кСվǰòС˾ˡ
һƺеĶˣϽͳ͸ǣǿ߰ɣѻڼҵأ˺⡣
ĺ⣬Ͻϳرԡ
ʱĺԺ÷ӶŹﻹ߳С뵽ϾܼŮһˣĶֿ˼֡
ﷱһԿţЦ:ô˰ҹô壬Ƴ
÷һۣǳԲ˵ᡣ
GһǻһҪұܣǧҵ˵ȥû
ǰʱ䣬÷ۣҽԺ֪֮Ǻصβס
ҽβʱûоϾϵһ⣬Ǻ⻹ǻ⣬᲻á
İɡҲ˵ġ
ţﷱ衻˹
˳Ϧҹһ˵һҹųԷ
÷¶ٷԷʱûҳ̫ࡣǼ״ɻﷱ衣֣ôˣ
ﷱ衻һֹı顣
Ǹˣ֪һǼʲô£
￩һ£˲ʪۿ


137 Ӿ粥
ķӦ, ﷱ衱һ˲֮ǰ÷ı֤Ͻ͵β, ҽ, ʲô⡣
βףһ, 漴úߣôһɼβ׻Ҫģ
ŭ, ﷱ̾Ȱ, ǲ˵Լû, ̨ϡ, ٰȰȰ
üͷӦ, ھȥ˵
ڲԶ, ÷緢ԸŮֹ֪˵Щʲô, ŮС, µһͷӲðԼ˵ȥˡ
תȴûȥ, Ǳץˡ
, ʲôȥȱߣ¡
÷סŲ, תͷʲô°һûϡأһǸ˯ˡ
ĻĻ, Һڿرʵô𣿡
÷, ڵһ, ͦõİ屶, 컹ȥŤء
˵滰ֱֻ˵ʣ˵βףҽ
˭˵ģﷱǸͰɣͲӦͷܰԼܡ
ţǰָ˵ģʲôʱȥҲǰ취
Ҳ̫롣
ǶǵһĸϿӵһ档
˵˵Ϊʲô
÷֪첻ɣŮǲŹġ򴽣ڣϾҪˣ˵ⶼ£һ̨²զ˭ܱ֤ٷְû£
˵ˣǰҽԺһҽ¹أúõһֻΪСһС˵ûûˡ
裬ҽ¹ֻСʷ£ⲡҪתɼԵģǾͰٷ֮һٻ¡㲻ҵģҾӸ˵ãҾүӸ˵
ͣͣͣҪСŪ˾֪ǰɣ
ô˵ô㵽ȥȥ
˫ֻǰ¶һĨĵЦ
ڣ㣬ȥ𣿡
÷ϵȴһڷˣУȥҽԺ簲ġ
֮£ֻͬ⡣
һҹڿ˯ò̤ʵ
ȻȰ˵÷ȥʵҲͦµġ
ӹһȥְ§
費µģġ
˻̾˵˲öã
ʮҽѿϲĺ󱳣İĸپϵֹϺֻҪ޺þͿˣҲ޺֮תȴǰء
ôЦͦУˡǿ˯ɣ绹ȥҽԺء
ţǵñ緹Ҫʳ
ãһοסġ
ǣ÷Ҳʧ״̬
뵽û׼ᶯеš
ﷱһֱҲ֪˯û˯ĸ첲װ˯ػ˯ˣҶûࡣ
ﷱ衺Ȼۣ۵״Ц⣬˯࣬ڲҡ
װ˯÷ƲƲ죬漴һԵĿ﷭һСӡ
ۼеǮȫ㣬ĳ£ԺҲҪСǵ׹ŮС
ﷱһ£±۾˯ɣҹĺ˵˵
Ƶĵƹ£÷ûпķǡһʲô̬ȰСҲŹ㡣
Ļ£ﷱ衾ͽס֣ҪҲŹ㡣°ɣɤһѺǳˡ
ֱţ÷ĪðģѺӷŵһߣɻصϡ
ͷƬ컨壬˰˯š
Ϥĺڶﷱۣ˯ӵ˯ݿһҹ
ڶԹڼҴӣȥܾҽԺ
÷û緹оеĻš
ӣʶҽ𣿡
ΪģӵһҫԼܶҽҶʶİɣûµġ
˺ð¡÷ڲôˡ
ҽԺҽʼ飬浽ֹؼʱ̣÷ˡ
һСʱƽңһ
Ҫʱ򣬶ŸƷȥ˲Ǹ˼䣬Ŵסˡ
˼Ŷ:ɶز
̧ͷòӦβףء
ļ߳ЩҽԺΪ㻤ֻϢ
Сʱ÷˳βָҲ
ͨͨ˿
ҽԺֻһ㻤ǰﷱ衺ϡ
ҩЧʧȥã÷ҲѹԼúúõģ˵أںûôˡ
򴲱ߵļˣЦǺǵ:ʲôʱܳԷ
ʶѣﷱ֣͵:֮ܺȥ
׷ܳԣ
ܳԡ
һ̣÷Цˡ
ϣӲ֪Ūһо۵÷Ĵߣչƽ
ǿĶʣģ
ţҽԺһ㡣
һŪú˵ڶдһ䣬һչ
ôܵü˵лл
㻤Ĺ̲ǺæµȴҪϸĺġ
÷յ֢״ǲûȥд㻤һҹһҹûô˯ڶ峿ˡ
һ㲣˺ۣȥд˯һȰˣȥ㡣
÷ҲһԸ͵˵öԣȥɣСû¡
ԥһ£ĸ׺ϡŽӹԿȥд
дķܸɾϻһˮͼӡˮǣһСڣȺĶ
һ糿ܺȵ˶ůġ
ûϴ˯ѾҽԺˣƻ˵Ӽġ
ǽӹϴõƻ:˭ҽԺأҰ𣿡
ţҲڣǸ֡
ݸһЦƻһڿڳԵˡ
֮ӵڴϣһߺ˯һ˵ȥչ裬Ҳ裬㲻øô⣬𣿡
ֱۣϤζ˵ͷ
ҪסԺ죬չˣ÷׿Ժˡ
һĴڣΧڲǰһ߿Ŵᣬһ߳Է죬ɼҸ͡
³죬[Դ]һˮкСȥ/ӰƬŵꡣ
ã飬ǲιƬ
һϢɫⲿӾڽ·ݾҪ̨ˣʱһҪǵտ
һ˵ĵӾ磬ɹӳҲȫʶ«έط˵ϲ㰡ʱһ׼ʱտ
Ϣ̵ģؼҾ͸ֶո绰Ϣ
ιһȦص칫ңǰ[Դ]ǰƣȻװʣҲ֪֮ǰȵôָ˼Уòٸʡ
ôУ֮ϽǮǸöԴӺ⾫ͷǰöˣҲܰĶαǮ
ǶƢ˽⣬ЦԵⲻãһָȳЧҶأѽظҿ
ЦЦջǰˣ֮ǰ͸ÿһǲ˱ƷǮ
ڻ«έ֮ǰС͵͵ȥһ
֪оԺôߣֻһžеͼһ߲鿴ͼһҡ
ҶԵطſַѣΪоԱȥ
ֲ֪ڵĵ绰Ƕ٣
Ϊ˲һˣֻӲͷƤȥھԱãԺĻͬ־
оԺüˣԷҲ֪˭ǻ磬ʣ֪ĸŹ𣿡
СʵҡҡͷȻЩԼĳ嶯Ϊվһһܴ߳
ϧû߳߳һʮˡ
ſվһСŮԱô£˭
ԱʵشһлĹԱ֪˭𣿡
ɲɣ¿ƣԺһ꣬Ȼ֪һ绰룬þԱԷȡϵ
ʮӺ󣬻ܵſڣСǵʱüͷеһηƢôԼһˣͲ˷𣿡
СǱΪܸ˿ԼȴõһίòУֻ˵ټѣҲ̫˰ɡ
ʱ˿̣һ£һʲô£ھһӡ
һѵңԺʹһ֪˭Ǻ˭ǻˣѾʮˣô²أ
Се㲻ԼĻôİһ
ҲǸϸĺøˣ
ıӣܺڽ
ͷ˵ĬĬԼҪ߰ɣȥ´βҪô
Сǲ˵Ǹվȥһ·ϣû˵һ仰
صĺԺǼǳԾ첻ĩ㲻ù𣿡
ΣǰС͵ܵ¸˵һ飬ĩ˻ѵС̣ʮ꣬ܶҲס˵ĵǣһҪС
ţİɣ´һעģŬѹŭ𣬲ûԼǰƢ
ȵ뿪ŭڱˣСǣҹ
Ůŵһ飬Թ߳䣬ͬһֻȣ裬Ҵˡ
⸱ϴõӣöǻðɣÿδֻ˵һ仰ΪϴϴҪ
СǽҧŴ겻ѾˣԼ״ԺҲˣ
ǵ˵Χۣ÷鵫ǲңֻӣֻһҲûҲ졭
һ죬СǱߵġ
˯ǰռǱдôһλ
[ӽ쿪ʼҪĻԺӣ:˺ܶ࣬ܵܣ硭ʱһ˵]
ڶ죬һĿٴ̤ϻصĻ𳵡
мСǵߣ̲סȰҲΪá
С򴽣Ĭ
ʵҲ֪ΪãɾĪˬ
ѾˣԷͣŲϸӸдš
صϣСǱΪдţȰȡ¹ȥҲûյһš
ʱƣ£ҲûͶԷϵѧϰҪ
ѧУСĺ䶯һʱ֮ѧУķ
ΪˣںܼʣҲܼʣΪʲôǵôã
ɷڣӶôɫ
һǿ뱻˱ȥֻܴӪԼλ
µĲ軰ᣬͶǶвμӡ
Ϊı˵ĵС֣ׯææ赹ˮľһÿڱ
Ŭ£Եȷʵټ̴Ҷʶ֣ԺǶеسһׯʦ
ֻܺȲ죬ģׯУתһԼõĺԵ¶Цݡ
ѩ裬֮ǰôμӲ軰ᰡʵԺĴΪ˶ͦõġ
ǸסļװûЦ˵λǣҵĹ׼ˡ֮ǰ˵ȥСıӿ಻ۣڿﱨ
Ϣȫǰһ
̫ˣСǣ㿴вҳбҵԭȻίԱأر󣡡
һңҼҺӴ˲ٹܣСǣ㿴вУ
ôӻԾǸϽøֱʼ¼ֵķΧʹׯ짵۾
ŷԭԼֻС󣬰æһ
ԽԽȣڶ
Ϊ˹ۿǲɫﻻһ̨ʮ˴Ĳɫӻ
һǧٶԪļ۸׷ˡ
Ȼǹ˵Ϊ˺ǵ䣬ҧҧˡ
֮ʹļףǰߺü죬״ƭԪ˽Ǯͣ
ﻻ˴ӣкСǸ˻ˣ
ÿ׼ʱ׼ڵӻǰۿɫ
ȡ«έСǶⲿӾرע
ЩûӵĺӻܵǼҲдǡ
ӡˮӦоС
һʱ֮䣬кСֶڵϵǣǼǶеؽгھе֡
ڴͬʱСֶǸжҲģôҶӷ̫Ӧ
ΪСֶպǿգÿڳһʮȽƣˣ
ǵԽԽߣʵһѵǵĿա
磬СֶնеķĶȥҲͬ뷨ֻСǿǣЦһֻ
ܴڼİٹٿɾͽˡ
СֶյȻȥ棬ĶˣҳȥҪǻϳȥɣ첻̫Ҳ̫ոպá
СһЦܾ˵ϲܳţֻܰ棬ȥҿԼȥˡ
ʱкȻװһ£ǿ϶ϲ
СֶպСϲضһۣ취У
ӷҰ죬װĶǺܶࡣ
СҳüʺͿں죬зñӣһСֶյԴϡ
£ҸǻױСǰаױ̨ǰüʿʼ滭
סһһСױˡ
Сǵġ£ܿ˴ŵ
ŷüý룬촽ױ֮ȷʵһˡ
þĶǡ
Сֶհ˫ֱվһסЦͷţ治ôȥ϶ûϵ㡣
ģ
ġ
ûվӣҲͲ֪Լʲô˵Цرã磬Ҳ컭ɣǺһȥ棡
һһϵѪڣСֶæҡͷСⶥñӾУǿ߰ɣٲȥ棬춼ˣ
˵ţסеļҴߣȫκηӦĻᡣ
ȵ죬һһ
СǴһĲñ˵󣬲̾:ֶո̫
л˵


138 ǻϵһ
Ϊ˽, ˸տʼû˶ĵطߡ
һ£Сֶһת⡣
, ñӲǶ㻯ױˣͰñժ, Сӡ
ʵҲ, еԥ
ΪһĸͬСǵȻʹ, ֻԹЦֲЦ
ժ˰ɣûˡ
ԥһ˲ժñ, ûñӵоˡ
ȥĶ棿ȥ԰ɣ
뵽԰˶, Сֶվⲻ
˳˾Ժ, ֱ԰ķߡ
һ·, ܶ·˵ע⡣к, Ѿαװ, ôô˿
յС, Сʵ, ǲϳˣ
Сǿǽױ, ղļ, Ҳ֪ñӴϰɣյ
, ã°ñӴϣҵһȫС
Сֶռ״, Сǵв, Ҳûʹ
԰ʱ, һȺ±ݽĿַ٣˴ӡݵǡɫ
кСֶ̲ספۿ
һǸҪ뿪ͱۼĺϳˡ
ǻҺϲ㣡
仰ϽΧ˹
Сֶտ̣ŵú˻ûߵǰʱȾܡ
ǷһٶȺسɷȡ
ľٶкСǶɵˣУһֻȹϵתȦȦ±Щĺϳ
ɵЩ·ʱȴ¶һֵı飬ܵٶȱСֶջ죡
գգ۾Ȼеġ
СֶûӰˣֻ԰ˡҺù԰ܲ˵ĵطôвҵ
磬ôˣ߯ˣ
СֶղһѶͷϵĺҲⲻû취滹ûˣǿؼҰɡ
ôһ֣˶û˼˼
ԴصУӣ˻ˣʵǸȥˣ˵ýԷ𣿡
ȥ˹԰оֱߵˮױ«ưҪˮʢˮ֮ʾͼһӰڻζŵ໡һˮưֱǶ
Ǳһŵ˰ƤٿźһһֻѪѹߣûȥ
ֻûһͷײĻںȫƯȹϡ
裬й
ҳʳָƿԴһȥվӰɣÿ
ס뿪ĻŷԼ·Ūˣ뵽ԷƽʱӣûҾûй仹ûƢϽˡ
ص䣬һСӣһӣӲûˤˡ
Ϊ£һûСֶա
ˬĳﵽǴչֵĺʱڡ
ųԽԽã׼չϷҵĿǰҵԱãҪˡ
ĳ«έжӦƸҲȴǰܶࡣ
Ƹ죬ΪѡһЩ˲š
ӦƸĲֹ«έˣҲнĽġʮ˶Ǿӣһࡣ
ԵĹУǶӡ󲻴˶ڱϻԺš
һȦʣˡ
˻Ҫڶֿˡǻÿʮʱ䣬˼һδƻ
иرݵСӣй⣬顣ǰеǰ˵ġ
СҲ峡һƨϣʼ٩٩̸
ϰ壬벻볢һģʽұ׼Ժڸ׬Ǯ
ʲôģʽ
˵һ㿴ǵǲӾûڿɻˣ֪ʲô𲻣Ϊ̨ˣǿŵӣʱһܻȫô
̲סЦ̨һҪʮԪûôǮ
˾뼸ʮԪʮԪʲô֪
СӰզ࣬ĲţȻ⣬һһ취ǾǷȺڵǳƷĹ˿ͶԸܿͻÿһô˿ͱԱһչʮʮչһٸ취һУ
ȷʵ̡ⲻǴ/
̲סۣû¼
󣬳ɹ¼ҵԱ䵽ϷļҪС
ϢʱǮ³һǵһ˲䣬Ϳˡ
ƽʱÿʵһ棬ɰѶһôˣ˭ˣ
Сǣﻹ˲ɣҲ촬ˣ
Ϊʲôѽᱻˣ
Ǯ̧ۣ
أҶ챻ˣﶨ׼ȥƹģһˣֻΪǸݣ
ĲȱˣҪҪĹɣ
֮ǰְЧԽԽˣһæ
һΣǮû֮ǰԥܹˣ֪Ӧ缸볡
𣿡
ô֪Ҽǵ̴òҲԻȥԶúһ¡
Զֻԭ̤ҲΪʲôǮ»ĵԭ֮һ
ˣɣģһݹ渺𣬾Ϻȣ
ʶô꣬ǶƷʮŵùҲɺá
ǰסļЦ߰ɣȴһǳĻʳ֮һϸڡ
ǵĹһԭǻʳáϡϡĶŪˡ
óĹ˶رмҲ͸ˡ
ʱ绰Ǿеŵݴġ
ǽ绰ݣûЦԭر
л˵


139 λУ԰
ͬ־㻹𣿶ͬ־
ŵݵٻ, ǸϽѹеȸԾͼԼ侲ŵڣǵ绰߽Ӵ, ոòǺСллôæ
ÿǳĲƷȷʵǺö, Ҳϣȫʶѡѷ뵼ݵĵ绰һ, ʲôС
ֱʼµ绰룬ֱҵ绰, ϵϲöûɢ
ǮһԿòԣôˣЦôк·
ԣĺ£
һ˷ܵԱ߿ʼ͡
̨һսĿԸĸ￪Ϊ¼Ƹ˽ӪҵƬ
ŵ˵, ;ټĹƽĿһں
ţǴ£̨ܱ, ǳ·Ͳóˣ
ǰ, Ҳôġ
Ϊ˻ӭĿ鵽, һڶǺæ, Ѹ涼ƾ
ڼ, ǮҲǵæ
Ϊ֧ӵĹ, Ӹǵչ˼ͥΡҺӶ, Ҳܹɶ, Ҫĵ²Ǻܶࡣ
һľ, СֳɹһСֶ˳һֻкͰСѧơ
ڷϵ, ѧϰ̬ȺܷϵСһ㶼Ľ
кܽ, 뽫ϴѧ, Сѧ
Ϊ, ѵֵ˼ӿ̿ѧϰ
϶ڣĸı䶼ˣ
վתѧȥ飬Ҳ뿴ã
һ죬°صңͼﾲĵһ˶ûС
ÿ䶼һ飬Ҳûҵˡ
뵽ʱ̫æûչ˸ˣ˰ϻһԡ
ҵȣҲû˵Ȼһǵش׳ȥˡ
Ժı仯Сƽָ˼¥ҽһٳĶУܶ˶ȥ
뵽޴ͷŵഺת䷽̳ٳȥ
û߽һȺǵź
ѽ㴫ѽ
ӵ֣֪ԼҶԵطˡ
߽ٳȥŷԶ֡
˿ˣæָ˵СҲİɣɷͶ
ָķ򣬶ǿӺǼӣһɫĿ˶㣬ǱܶԿӺӿرȼ
һԵĹϯͼС˫ΪǼ͡
Ǻ˭أ
СתͷڿʱϵЦݱøӲˣǺԺ壬֮ǰֶոˣηҪְһСֶոҲҰְ֣
ŮСģЦͷ£սΣӮ𣿡
ǱӮҵİְֺ͸綼ģ
СǵĻ䣬ֻ߸׳Ļߴ£ˣֵһ֣
˲䣬ٳϻȸԾ
ޱ˧ӣǺȻλشѧĸоѧѧãȻ̸һУ԰
Ǹоȵߣʱתͷ˴˵Ŀײһзһ¶
ıǴ˼ѪһͶкСֶձøӼҲ׷Ͷһ
󣬶ԷҰܣ
˵ĻУ߳򳡣Ӿֱǣüۼ価Ц⡣
°ͦ磬ʲôʱģ
Ǵ¿ڴͳ־Ŷͷϵĺʮᣬˣ򼼿
ӵĿޣ˵Ŵҵǣߣ·ҫжҸ
СΪˮϻ佱ǵ򼼽ٰС仨ˮ̫ˬˣ
кСֶոԽӹˮһˮȻ˷ܣСǳôǵĶ֣Ҳƣ
ڻЦУǻصң֮ǰ谮Ѿ硣
Ǽ״ÿϧһһ˵ȥ԰ɣʲô㡣
ʱӶ·ŵϲкʣ벻
룡ӶϣǿĵùÿԼӷ·ǰʲôʳ
Ǳˣóˡǣȴضȥ
ķóԣǰԣ
ţҲԡΪԼ˲Ȼʼõس
ôó̲˺ˮ󵰵ˣЦеѵԣҭˡ
˵ţԼʢһСڸвôǾȻܳԵȥܸж
ԹΪ˸лСֶôӣòװ˺üƻûȥүүһԡ
ǰĽ
ҸرæѾþûͨ绰ˡᵽ¶Сֶ̾
ļʾοҪúѧϰȽϾдѧǼĻͶˡ
ʱڷ
ó˽ص黨ͿƬܴ󷽵÷ָһ롣
԰ɣ˵Ҳ㣬ҽʣĴˡ
СǽӹʳرϵرʾлЩﻹոճŵҶˡ
˵ôиϽסѵСĵģ
Сգգ۾ʾԼ֪ˣɿ֣ģְһǣЩǻ͵͵ԲС
ЩС̾
:˶Ůʵ̫ˣ
СһŸĸ黨ͿƬ꣬泩ˡ
ѮѾõĽĿˣ
Ǵһ«έķ⣬Ȼǲι۳
֪нĿҪ¼ƽĿر̨¶ȫʮԺ
Ϊ¼ƣÿж˲ĥĻ䡣
߽Ŀĵڶ죬СֶպҲгˣ
δһȥеǻ˾
ǽ35죬úһķٸǿ
Ϊˣ˷ܵü춼û˯þ
ҲкСǵһ뿪ĸԶţǸ֮ҲЩġ
·һҪүүĻ˲ι첻ܵܣû
֪ˣǻԹģ
ĵǣҪûûεö࣬ʱ˿̣ǵƮ׶ƮĹ䡣
ߺ󣬶ǵԺܵ䣬סļѾʮ꣬չԼˡ˵үүǱߣǲµġ
ǿĲѵܹ磬ӽҴȥӰɣ˵֮ǰӳġ¡
ƬȤⲿӰںԱͺȫͬܺڵİ汾ʲôģ
ܲȥҽ᲻Ȥ
ͬˣӹһĨЦȥƱ㻹ʲô𣿡
룬һԶ˵üһԱ׻ˮ⣬ȥҪȥٻ¥·
źãû⡣
ڶһ磬ʱдȥ绰ǵʱǿŸ˵ء
ΪǴȥпӰȴû뵽СʱµĻ𳵡
Īһ˵߾ߵУͺԡ


140 Ŷ
ʻг, ԲԼȻôԵ£
ͷĻƱĿĵʡȪǣ羰, ӵжദȪȫ
ҽԺôͬͻȻݼ٣òԤıɣ
ԵλãǵЦ̲ס, , ȷʵԤı
ڵ֪ǽȥеʱѾڼƻˡ
Ҿ˵ĿԵ޹ʷ¹, ô֪пյģ
ǣգΪǼֶҵߡ
˺, :Ȼ֪ڳģ̫թ, ȥҲҪȥҽԺ߲У
ҲôԶӰ, ·̾Ҫʱ䡣
㲻κĴƯ, ϲġ
˵С, ˱˵עĿСô, һ㶼ӡ
ڶĴʮֿߵƲƲ, ȻʣӲŲü, Ƕɣ
ͦ۵ķΧƻ, û:йϵ𣿱û¾˵ЩӵĻ
Ů˱ɫǺ, û뵽ԼĴָŶǺ:ССզ֪ϰأһͲӣСȥгǶٱǣ
Ϊô˵ԷẦ, ǲŭЦȥٱ, г˳ĳƱ
Ůͫһ, ֧֧˵Ͳ, 㲻ɣ
ʱигԱӺĳ߹æ첲֡
ľٶŮһǸϽվܣɻûأͱгԱסȥ·
ʲô£
ָŮ˶гԱЦ˵㣬˵ԼղûƱ벹ϡ
ûУϹ˵Ů漱ˣæгԱͣڲƱĻ
ڻϾᷢƱ£гԱʣƱأƱóҿһۡ
ǵĶԻܶΧۣҼ״׷ѽƱأгԱһ¡
ŮԥͳһƱڵصݸгԱϸһϸµĹƱ
ͬ־ͨͨ£ȥȪǿӣǮˡ
ƱĽ廨ţرģгԱûֺɫһ˰ɣƱվ³
Ů˿ǾûӣͷԹԸгԱˣ֮ǰݺݵ˶Ǻһۡ
ǻһĨõЦݣ¡
Ӱ̿ɻ󣬡ô֪Ʊģ
üȻ֪
תһͨˡ
ϾǴԺӵܣŲ̣ǺӲ
ϳһμƱ˳ŲķˣڳƱŻǿµģû뵽¶ˡ
¶һĨȻ漴˵´£һֵĻᣬȻһԼûá
ǱһЦ̲סʣҪô˼ҳܣոŮָ׿ɳˣ㲻±ӻ
üش:£ֲԷ
ǣ
𳵻ڡѵǰС
ʱھĺԺ÷ΧתƣһñһˮеƮƮȻ̫Ҹˣ
ѣ˵˵£Ժܹǡ
÷ָ˲ٸ㣬ͣ
ǿɣҿɲҸ˵ָһָ֡
ҰǰǸֽϻȫ¡
ѽǸ˵˷ᰤ
Ѽ£÷ǰԹСģһ£ǻǰһˣ֪ҪھסЩӣȥĹݿȥȥ
ǰһҪȥ˵ϵǶرƯ
СǶĹһ㶼ȤҲŲȥǿʱһء
ܾ÷˼:ôûͺأ
ûСǻشһشûأ˵ˣͣⱲӶ
ϣСƢһӲء
Сǳз˸ۣΪԼ͵ֻǲĹݶѣǸˡ
ϧĽͣиš
󣬵СֶĹʱ˵ؽһֻǲϲĹݶѣȥ
籾ΪСǲϲǲŲģôһͣòԭ򡭡
𱡴߽Ĺݡ
ʱȪǡ
ӵ£ĴСֻǵĶȷʵ⡣
˵ȪиǣȥתתԱΡ
һ󱦱Ƿˣ
Ĺǲֹ滹ҩġͣͣ˺üҩġ
Ǳаڼȥɡ
㲻ܹŶٶʱڷĺԺر䡣
ӴʲôԹŶȤ̯λǱߡ
˿ˣߺȵλʲôԹ棡
ֺ˵ĻöΪ֮Ŀڿ̯λϵĶͣ˽Ų
ǶԴ̶Ǯ
ţԷ̬ʮ飬δĴ̣ùģԱ棡˳ԿҲϵϲǰٿ
ǲŶϲǶӣǰڼһܺÿ
ǰϸŴʣһ٣
ԷֱȻһֻ֣ҪٿǮܰùӴؼҡ
öٿǮƷǾԲŵģô֪ùģ
⣬ԷصңǸöô֪ģҪܲ˵
öٿǮӣǸɲɵ£ǱȻһʮǮˡ


141 
ʲôʮҸ侪, 濴ƺ𾪣ʵֿ˻շƷﻨһǮյ, ת־׬ʮţԷԩͷ
ʮԪеٰҪ
Ǻܼᶨҡͷ, ʾԼֻôࡣ
ԩͷ, Ҳûټ֣а, Ӿɡ
̣ڹ˼С, ÿһ۸񲻷ƣʵûǮ
ӼЩͬűƵ, ʵʶŶ
Ǻܳʵҡͷʶ, ϲʲôʲô
, 
Gʲô˼
, ۹ܲ
ڹӵĽֵ, ˲, Цͬ´, رܰ
, ǾԼ, ˶ȵģڻȥӰһڶû⣡
ӰǲܼӰ, 񹤳Ѿ죬ŲҪӰࡣ
Ȫǻ, ൱زָҡ
ʮһ, ˾һ, ۿ˹䡣ʦϸŵĻʣĶأôûأ
Ǽô棬ЦֻǲμӱݳѧĿ¼¼ǰˣ۾ġ
ʱڴֳӽһ˷ܼϲãСֶղҵҿȴǰһĻĻͷȻȥС
ʻأ׸裬ĵĻ䡣
ιҲ̤ϻص·;ôãҲְˡ
֮ǰŵȴ˵һҹкСֶĹ档
˵Ҫϵӣ˲ԼͬرʾȥһǮãǺԥͬˣ
δ꣬ҪҳͬУһǺͻ˾մӦ˺ǵľ
ĵһ죬÷ͻȥֳ
һ·ϣߴߴ۹ǸʲôСΪҲˣͻڹϸλ˭û˵
÷ЦǺǵؿǣûȥС֮Ĵ֡
ȵֳкСֶ̱ȣݵĻ:ĹҲûôѣ
ȿĵʱ֪ɱĵӾѶˣһһʮֿġ
ݾŸȣûŵǸƢԲԣҪѱɳԵһԵò˼ô򣿡
кСֶŵݵҪɳԡ
һһ飬оˡСԻҲ᲻ʳˡ
Һ˶㹻ĺԣŵù˳ȥ
СһĬĬţǼ͹ľʱ糯߹ڵӣ㻹
ûУĸһ״ءСƲһۣûֺɫ
һЦ͵Ǹˣˡ˵ţӿڴͳһŵݸǼ飬ϣܴдԭһΡ
СǾȵؽӹţչм䶼ϵصǸ
ʵͲˣž͸ˡ
ðɣҾԭһΣ²ΪŮüۣǰչЦա
˫Цӯӯ۾˵:ллԭ£Ȼֻܴźˡ
ʲôҪСǵЦ˲ˡ
ţȥޡִӿڴóһԿ׵ݸھķӣкܶģͣʵң㽫ϴѧʹá
ôöûСǸˣǼᣬ:ҿϴѧ㻹ܻ𣿡
ʱ֪ޣûľʱ䡣Կ׷طǧֶգҶ
С⻰Цãһ
šףһ·˳磬ϣѧɹ
лл㣬һŬġ
ӵĵӰӶЦһǼܼ档
ò棬кСֶѾ۳˹ΪƬӲˡ
÷࣬źȥȫ۵¿Ѽ
пѼοкСֶھԼֻˣ
ڳԷڼ䣬СţǮﰡ
ᵽеŹʣֺóԵģԽԽá
֪ԣСֶպҴүү㶫ٸСΣҪҪȥٻ¥
ԷôȫЩԲţȥٻ¥ɣҲԵˣҲ
󣬺ǻص̳ΪȫԺĽ㡣
ҷ׷״ŹϵļšСֶճӿڲţѵʱÿһĻûɫ
ڶǼҵԺȫþ۾񣬷·һ侳ԺС
ȴȫɢˣСֶմóڶǵǰС̣Һ͸͸²ĸ͵ģĸ͵ģ
һһɫΧǺԥָŶ˵͵ģΧ͵ġ
Сֶղɵ˫ۣһ棬ô֪ģ
Ϊ֪ȱһƯΧ£ĶҲʮϲллǣ
ǿʣʲôʱ̰ȥã
ᵽ£СֶղЩѹߣûҲ֪үү˵ҪҰš
⸱ģ۵򣬡Ǻ£罫ضǻΪĿѧңʱ֣Խظ˼ҡҸ硯붼ӡ
ţһúѧϰģҸϺȣ
ô£ʱ⽱һȡ
СֶջؼˣһóԼ͸ǣһɫ
СֶյĶеˡҪǼ̫ˣÿһҲֻһġ
裬ﵱƯģõĶûƯ
Цӯӯؽӹϱһ£СոպãԼһҸŮˡ
ллϲ
һԵӺСǿ棬ȴܲζΪյֻ龩Сԡ¿
ʱ׾Թ϶ת
һ꣬СһоͶСѧ꼶СֶԸԳϾ뿪˺
ÿÿ뵽ϸУԼڶСѧжöˡ
ȷʵôϻ۹ˣǲʵҺûаһ飬ٸһ˿ο
ÿǶһѧؼңʱǴ¿ˮʱ
ɩ˵ˣҶ֮󣬿Ժһѧ̫ˡ
ӭϦͣҲǽпҲȫֻһûͨˣ̫ˡ
ҼһʦأѧҲѧһҲѡ
ᵽЩ£ҡͷְֱ̾ؼҲŰָ͵͵غá
ӵգме˳
Ϊдǣǰ°ؼͣӻˣæЦʣҷܰͷɥô£
вش𣬱ָӹתƻ裬ôðóˣѵŪ𣿡
ָĴǶ֮ǰȪƽʱ˭˵ǸСµĴұ
ɲš
˭Ѵұͨ;߷ﰡ
л˵
СɰǣźСǵcpǻŶ÷ǳϣܹ֧ǵİ
УǰףСɰǹڿ֣
һºһۻкŶ
ףǹһĵС٣



142 ֮
ǰʳ¯ĸڷŵµ, ֻǷż鷹ѣӦû£ҷҲûСѸ¡
Ļ, ӴżѴˡЩ˵й˳Ǻӣ⼸Ҳ, ֻǽ̸
м״, ͵͵˳һԼ䣬ֱ˲ųݡСҲϲӦ, Ǻһ߳䡣
ΧԲǰŶʳ޲ڡ
ܰС, һĽĻãɽк, ÿŴǷ羰, , ﻹԲζĺʡ
Ժ󾭳氡, 
ţ, Ժһᾭ㡣
û, ĵСʱȤ¡˭˭го, ˭ָ˭, ÿÿᵽЩ¶ỻһЦ
кСҲЩ, رһİְСʱʲôģ
ǳ극ˣҲþòԸ
ҶԵòˣ𹫹Ϊÿ˼һƵĸ, ĻеСǳ, ҵһ, ֪ζô
ָͷ, ǻеĴͳСԣϱڶƵѧҲڻгԹζŴɿڣ壬˳ԹһԵڶΡ
ʳһСϸϸƷƷ޵šóԣɩܲܽ̽ңȻȥҲһΡ
ѽû⡣
Ҳųһڣ׷׵ͷʾóԡ
첻Ļϲ
ʱ˽ŸʣɩӣͦƯܲư
ɻûȶǿڣѾһش壬˵ǹŶ㿴
һ漴ЦʲôŶҿɩǱƭ˰ɣ
ǸֻӣǺƣıƭˣҲԲϡ
˿ˣ㲻ͱϹ˵
⻰׷Ȱ˵ɩӣгܣ
ѽǹŶòҲϵƭˡ
Ҷô˵ǰѴ̵˹ȥͬʱѵСһ㣬ǸŶ
ЦŽӹ̣ϸ˰죬ӷŻصϣṆ̀ͨɩ㱻ƭˡ
ĽûκβʱΪĸֵģǲǹŶν
ӷŽȻһƽ˵:ҵıǿˡ
ܿ죬ָֻոյգû̵¡
ڴҾ㷹Ҫ뿪ʱİѶһʣɩӣӻǮģ
һʱûʲôǻѳٶԪġ
˴һǮӻٿ飿
ţǮͷãһ۱ˡ
Ҳ̫ˣɣңҰƳȥٿǮƽˡ
΢ɲüǿͼ
ɵӰɣ
ǳװӣ˰ɣҺǶиˣͿɡ
ִ֣ȵĶͷ߳һ㱡ЩģҪӸһ£ΪǺá
ЦһȴԣллΪ룬ĲˣҲ
֮£ֻʱȰ˵һˡ
һߣǱСҵʣʶĶʲô˰ǸȾͲǸö
šü:ôˣΪӵ£
ѽˣ
ǰľһ飬ĩ˻´α죬˾Ƶ˶ƭ챻˶֪
һУӵɫ˲ڳû뵽Сһ𳤴ѾȻ
ţҲٺ
ɻйȥ󣬶ǵ̵ͦȲɳµģǱضǺö
ҪطغòУ´ȥҴмҿ
ãġ
ڶ죬Ӹ˳º󣬶ԷĬһ˲뿪«έ
Ͼ˭Ҳɵӣȴʲôһ֪̫СƶǵˣŻֲ֪᷸ǳĴ
һߣ«έС
ʮСеһδǾﾹȻһѣ
еʱܽѣô˸ûԸأ
ѵڸлд
˵˶˵ÿһʱǶԶͺ֣
磬СǲаٴκͬãѧУ緹ǻؼҳ԰
Է俴һۣһ䡰ؼҳԡʰ鱾û˵
СǸоίתŮͬѧûȿأŮ͵ͷˡ

֮£ֻʰȥԷ
Ϊ빤ȽϽСÿ綼Է
Ůһ޾ɵ߽칫ңɻüôˣ˭ˣ
Сǿɳϣʣ裬ʱҶԸô죿
ô㱻ͬѧǹˣ£ϣʲôԭ֪𣿡
һֱСǶ赱ɱܷۣ῿ļ̾Ҳ֪ԭ򣬿ΪұСǶ档
ͻ꣬Ҳкܶ໰ģԭ𣿡
СãգգۣúҲΪ⡣
ΪʲôԸԼأ
ǼڳüԼѧǻҲûѣи꼶ѧ۸ңҰƽˡ
⻰Сǰһôģ
ܼ򵥣ŬѧϰԼø㣬Ҫȥӭϱ˵뷨ΪûܴһӺ̣ܶĺֻûҪΪ˵ԼҪҪȥʦ̸̸
ŶǵĻȻһéٿĸо
ˣ裬֪ôˣ
ӣСǲֹŬѧϰμӸУڻҲûٿȥֺκˡ
ƯɰټϲճڣܿӮ˸꼶ѧϲ
ҶȵؽСѩ
ͬͬѧҲǴȴڰ೤壬ʱû˸Ҹ˵
ĳѧ֮СǸ߳ѧУͱŮסȥ·߲ƣʶغһʣҸ
ǲǼԺˣҲͲ֪СǴСɢ򳤴ĺӡ
һŮǰ̧°Цѩɣ밤򣬴쿪ʼμУڻ
Сǳ޹գգۣȴѾַˣ
:ôĹҪ֮
ÿİ
л˵
ڿ֣ȻкŶ


143 
УſаԶ, һսǴ
˭һѵص㡣СǴ⣬ǱһĨǳЦ
Һʶǰɣƾʲôң
Цó, ͷŮǰһûƾʲô, ǿᣡμУڻ, û
˵ţҪСǵ, ɵض㿪ˡ
СȻһЦӣ˵Ļ˲, ϼҵ£ҲֹҪμУڻҪμʡﾺ, Ұ
Է˼»ô, ΢΢һͷŮֻŻ, Ժĥ, Ȼû뵽СǺеķӦȫһ, ɹǡ
, Ҿϼ
ͷŮٴҪ޶Сǵͷ, һȴСס
ִֻ޶ͷè, ۸ң˭
Ů״һӵϡ
, ţ
һΪܰǰСÿ޵
ֻСŤתͷŮĸ첲, ʱһ̧Ȱߵһߡ
˻û½, ҲСһˤ, ˤڵϡ
ȫʱӡ
ͷŮſڵ, ĵʹ亹ֱðСߵǰ˫һ棬ǿûãһ˵ҪҪȻ£
Ůʹҡҡͷһ㶼ٱߣֻˤһ²֪һжۣǻڽţ㾹Ȼ֣ǲ㣡
Ǳ죡ͷŮԼٰᣬϽֹǵܿꡣ
СͷͶ䣬һɫ˭ôɵģ˵ʵҾͰӴԺ˵©磬ʱûϲ㡣
вŮɫһףϽסͣҿԸ㣬㲻ܴ
УҲ˵ɡСվŵ⼸˴ӵûҹ
ʶɣôġ
Ǹһ೤СǵȻʶԼû
Ϊʲôô
ԭǲ֪ҪУֻ˶ʮǮŸµġͷŮŸոձߵĵطˣһֱ˵սĹĬĬ
˼״Ҳߡ
ѾѵˣҲԵɣСûٺһʶ
ǣԺңȻһδһΡ
ΪԼСȭͷȻһ¡
ʵǼŮЩͷ㶼Ӳգֻܸ뿪
ؼҵ·ϣСǴͷ˼յͼʱкͰһֲ·߹˫պһ
óüɻʣôˣ۸㣿
磬С̾˿Ѹո齲ĩ˻ѵҪְ߰裬Ҳǵġ
һŭȼգһرûöû취
£ϽѾѵˣ嶯
ѽǲܰôģ㲻õġ
˵꣬һһסĸ첲Ȱаѻѹȥ
ͬʱڼвͣţﲻɵǣôûؼң
һĲɵӣһϴһ˵˹ˮѾ˵ˣ˾͸Ҵ绰
֮ǰԺһֱԵˮˮͨˮҼһͲˮˡ
ߵ绰ϵҪϵǷһЩʶءšһˣʵûȥ
ӷ߲ˣǰ£ôˣӸղžһֱ񡣡
ڻع¶һĨǡ
Ӷ£Сǵ֪һʲô£²˵ô죿ǵڻûؼء
ܾǳɳķհɣ
Ҳȥˣ̫ġͷȴΪˮη
룬ʮӺǻͳȥҡ
ûȵʮʱ䣬Ӿͻˡ
ѧôô
СһתѳУлԻˡ˵ԼͰ·죬ߵһЩ
ǵɶ֣ܳѡšѧУճҪѧϰΪɣûĻᡣ
һֻʱûٱǡ
ҹڿϣһ˵ȫĦһ²۵ҲˣĺܷУ˻˵˵ҪȥѧУ𣿡
ľȥɡľٵǣﵹûôģĺ֪Сһ㶼Լ⡣
ڶ磬ڹߣջǲȥѧУ
ȥ«έСѧȥСѧȥС
ʱΣϿΣĿγ̱ѧζ磬Ұ
ѧУＱҴҵܳʱ̲סȳС̣ôˣ
ǼܵһͷЩ˼ҽʣѧУıô
Уױˣ۲ѵ㲻֪
ǵɴ۾ԽϢ
ۿѧģôѧأ
Ҳ֪û˵
һҲû뵽ƽʱܶµоȻѧ¡
ȥҿû׼ǶۣԼؼأ
ģֱԺȥɻصңԺԺͨͨһ飬ûпеӰ
˵᲻ҳ߰⺢ȥĶأ
ΪҳߵĹˣڵӣвҵôƤӦøɲҳ¡
ȴôãźе˼ˡ¸ô죿
ʱԺ˴ˣиСˤˮˣ˭ҵĺӰ
С֣ǺһͣҲûܣȫˮڵĹʵ̫
ʱ«έС
ÿμϢʱСǰնʵΪʲôҪ˴ң첻һĴ𰸣Ҿȥʦ
ҧ촽ֱͦϵҲ֪˵ʲôûҹκˣҲʦ
СǺܾȣ˵ãѹܵϰ೤ƷҲ䵱೤
ǼŮѾ鶼ˣ㲻ҲУȫͬѧңΪҲ֪𣿡
ղԾսȭͷȻϣң֪һֱǰ೤λãҲøġ
СǾ˿⣬Ǵķ濴Լ뵱೤ģ
ʱĹ㲥ȻĴ̶ɹ˵ĶԻ
ȫУʦҲһ̲Լͬؿ㲥Ϊǹ㲥ĻͲ˵ϡ
ڴΪ㲥ָʱ洫ιιι
ǴڱڵԵʣ
СŹ㲥ֻúܶ죿뵽ɤ࣬Ҳû̫⡣
һӣ㲥ȴôһλ
Һãҽһѩáһֻ߸һͬѧٸ۸ãͬͬѧһŹ㡣
л˵


144 
ĻѧУһƬȻ
üʦԼͬ㲥ҵķܡͬѧǽ۷׷, ںĸ༶ѧ
ʱ˿̣԰ŻͲĻ¡
һײӿ, ͬѧ, ȰΪ֮
, 㲥ҵűײˣ㲥Ҳжˡ
ȻֹĹ㲥Сڻع, ŵգգۣоԼһ

̫˧ˣð
, Ǵľı飬˳س㲥ȥ
ʱڹ㲥, бüʦΧ, ̬Ȼ
ĸģ㲥𣿡
ͷ, ʮֳϿҵñʾԼô
⸱õϴ̬, ʦһ
˵˵, İ, ˭ǰιȥ
ЩΪ, ʦûѧУ, 첻ˡ
ɶ˼Ϣ
, «έСѧأҽ꼶
:
˼ǣСѧ꼶ѧ
, ܶС
˲䣬˶ͷһ
, 㲻ǱУѧﵷʲôҰӲ㲥ŲҸѧУУ
֮ǰ, оѾ׼, ͦţϺ޾ɫӲ㲥ҲԣһոԣҲǱΡ
ʦҪѵʱ⴫һġ桱
ȥСǣŲŲվһλʦ
СǰķӦֻúЦȴ¶ŨŨİˡ
λʦͬѧҸ磬ΪҲôģǿеķϾԭһΰɡ
˵꣬ۿ죬ӿʮֿ
ʦ״Щ̬Ҳȸոպ˺ܶࡣ
ֹ㲥ңѧУɵӰ켫Ϊãʱγǲѧˣһ׮׮һΪʦܲܡ
¶ƲȥСֻ˶Σǲİδ绰ɣ֪ˡ
ʦǾСǵİ취ιˡ
һߣڼԺ
ܵˮԣǲһ׵ʱ֪Լˡ
Դ޵ĳ嶯
ܲζС̣ҲָĶȥˣҪȥѧУ֪֪
ǳ˼һ˲ҡҡͷпλȻȥɣȥΧңҲȥѧУ㡣
ڰʱģҲûȥ˵һֻܵͷѧУʵܵܡ
Ȱߺ󣬶߱Ժÿһ䣬ԽԽųҽԺȥ
Ӹ׼ذ칫ңԶͿӵӰ
Ц߹ȥ߽˲ſʵӣ˲üôˣ
ͬʱͳһɾΪᡣ
ӣûסҳˣҲء
һ٣۵һĨţ漴ָֻ侲ģҲûȵϾͻؼˡ
ĺܷûкúù
ӵܼӰӵ뻳ĺ󱳣ȥͷû׼˿Ҳ˵ԣˡ
ͼԼ侲˺һֹסᡣ
ţ߰ɣҲˡ
ʱ칫ҵĵ绰ӷſ߽ڽӵ绰绰ݺʵ˿
ҵˣȥ«έСѧ
ϢöΪ֮һԭ˵鱻ϲöȡҵģ𣿡
뵽Ļӵǳ˳飬ǳã㿴֪ˡ
ʮӺһ«έСѧ
йԹվڰԣѵУ⡣
ڿһɲǣæܹȥ˽§뻳ȥĶˣ㶼ˣ
Ϊᰤд˿һ±ƣͬʱеܳ
裬ԲԺҲˡ
ʲôңɿһɻ
ӲͷƤһǱ¡
˶Ϊû뵽ȴյ˱
ΪԺҸԣ
ȵõĿܳԵ⣬еЦ˻
ǽҪ뿪֮ǰѶһ˵ʹеȷзգüһûЩԱҪҳĹĲܺãûǸúùͨһ¡
ãһ̸ġ
һĴ
ʱ«έж֪һСѧ´㲥ңֻΪֹ
յΪҲУ԰ﴫˣ֤ʵȷЩ¡
˶е𾪣Ͼһ֮ƽʱ̬ǫͣȫܸɳµˡ
ΪСǺնе˰칫ҡ
ǵİһʦƽϸᣬȴڴ˿
˭˵˵ô£ΪʲôҪСǣ
һͬѧǵָָ㣬յ˫׵һ
ûҼѣǳϵʦҴˣֻǼѩͬѧСС
СһƲƲ죬Ųֹʲôԭһܲģ
Ӱ칫ҳֱٻؼˡСǻصңܵǰδеĹע
ͬѧǷ׷ߵߣ˵һ䡰Բ𡱣ͬҲúɫ֮ǰûҺ˵Ժһˡ
СǣͲ֮ǰǸΪ˵ɫŬֺõĹ
һǸֻ΢΢һЦȲˣҲ˭ߵù׽
ΰһпһҪ:Ʒвˣ೤һְһͶƱѡ೤
֮⣬ľСǵĸ磬˵̥ǶӺˡ
ΪʲôϸһСѧ
㳤뿴һӡ
Ҷг棬СֻĽͣȻ˫̥ǳһ㶼񡣡
ϿҪʱͻȻӸڰһŮͬѧٰһСǵȻִҴߡ
Сһ±ƵؿţдУûô£
˵ǾԲ͵ģֻܰݺĴĵס
ֱϻصңŽевʣҸڰŮģʲôʱŰǰǲʶŮ
õ׷ʣҲһ£ҡҡͷִţֻ֣˲ɫͺˡ
Űһ飡
л˵


145 ϲڱ
ķӦ, СǺϿһۣ֣мȫǿ޺ͳ֮顣
λŮͬѧдò, ߳ŭҲСѧ´㲻Ҫҿˡ
Сգ˼½ë, ɻ, ˼Ҳûд㴦󰡣ôˣ
Сֶհŵݸ, ɫȻ죬㿴ô, ѵⲻ𣿡
ʲôѽû, Ͳ顣
ڸ, СҼ, Ĵʿ, ʲô鰡, 첻֮, Ƥˡ
治ǣ
治ǡ
˵˿϶, ڷ, źصٷŻŷ, Ȼ˵:ллԺŬģ
ţҵĸģ
, гĺ⣬Եһ˲, ر㡣
Թ, طдҵͱǽסˡ
ͷ̫, ָ
Сûȥ꣬Ϊͷ˵ж߳йоأû©
ԹϣﻹЩ:ԼͷҲ㳤Ϊʲô
ֵû롣
óӣΰǷϣһ鲼ϸµؼ
Աһ£ʼд˲ʺƨ
ӣ˵ôô˧ֶû㳤˧
үͬʱһ漴ָֻԭ̬
裬ôˣ
Ӷ佱ûס
ûôǾر
˵ˣڿ佱гĺӻԽԽţҪһԡ
жַٶѿʼ˼롣
«έзôֹû˺⣬ѵıͷ·ˣ
ôһ룬Ѱ
ͷû뵽Ȼһԭúõķ;ôˡ
˼ϲڨڨһЦָð˵ˡ
ӵĵû˵ʲôֻƽذ⿪Χȥϲ
кúһ̷Ǳͷꡣ
ڶ죬Ҳ֪˭ģ˵´㲥ҵкǡɫ
ҷ׷ܵС֤õ϶Ĵ𸴺ֽյüš
һȥ
вΪգǿʼΪÿĲʺƨա
Щ޶̫ˣͺܼ٣Ҳ֪ʲôʱǸͷ
ʱ˿̣ǿǸܵ˶ӵԹ˺ü硣
Сæȥ¿ˮСǽ㣬ǲҪðҪȥϢ˯һЩˣٽ㣿
ãû¡ǶԼ˽⣬Ӧòðġ
̸ܺԷĿʲôϾֻǸСѣ֪Զչҵĳ̶ȡ
ֹȥСʱ˼ˡСϢ󣬸Ͻ½ǳӭӿˡ
ֻſһ۾ͬţվſߴﹾ಻֪˵Щʲô
ӢֻǿװǰǴкǺãҹĹؾСܸ˼ǡ
˵ͬʱһڸ룬̿һֱĴû˵
̵ĽܺС
ǵڰ칫ң˲ӭЦغÿ˴кȻ뵽ɳ¡
ǰĹԱȿڵųãƤ̸£һļȹĿһ¡
˵óһϸ˹ǽӹļ߰ҳֽӢĶУһĿʮкŪǴĿġ
ŭЦ̧˵ӹҪʮʽǳֿ󷽣ҵ
ԷΪǶˣҲЦǺǵشǵȻƤ鲼ȫҹͶʣҲˡֻҪעʣƷƾܻȫ硣
ԶԷĴһȻƽãһúÿǵġ
ԷĴ𰸣һ˲㻹Ҫǣ
˼·˵׸ǮһǸɵ
ȫɣȻᶨʾʱ˻ظҪһʱ䡣
Ǹǿ֮쳣ô£
ʵǰ˲ߴﹾ˵һѣŵ˼˵ҹ֪ôǲͬ[Դ]Ʒʧ
ΪӢģԲ޼ɵطйеĲ
䣬ûŪʲô˼ʱ򣬶ЦһޱӢĻظðĿԴ
ʮֱ׼ţǻڳ˶𾪣̸ǾȳCan you speak English?
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ڶǰֲҶ£ߺŸʣСǽ㣬ôѽǲû̸£
֪Ϊ˳òôҲûûûСû̸£ҲҪǵͶʡ
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ֻʮûеڱĺ£û׼һСľͻ
̱ȨȨȨϸͬɣҲò˼꣬ЩΪԷ֮
뿼ҪҪģԷΪԥѡ
СͣȵŴͣҲ̫
̳սٲ˶թǳԺһãȫҪʡ
СڲΪ˿ϧͬʱͦû̸ɡ
Ŷռ٣ϵˮȫ깤ˡ
йĵżˮͷعأһ档
СһԿʮˮߵ㿴϶ˮټ棬СҸ裡
Ϊʱ侭佱е㷢Ʈ£Ц˵ûµģֻһţȥúö
˵رˮͷ⡱ȥûһĹһС˳
ҴӼҵˮˮɡ
Сһɻ߹ȥֻѾһˮͷϿʼˮ
Ӻۿɼٶ𽥱ΪһԲˮ
ˮϵãݸСǣ㣬ٶ༸һȥˮ
Сǽӹˮ˻Σȷʵͦ棬Ҳһˮ
˺Ĳܿ߰˸ˮ
׼ȥ涪ˮʱ򣬶ǺȻˡ
߽ݣӳľһˮ
̧ȥÿÿĸˮ۵׾ǻš
ֻһɻؿ϶סȭͷҧʣʲôأһˮ˭ģ
Ϊ磬к¸ҵǰһ裬ЩŪģûϵ
Ϊһ軹֮ǰ¡
һȴ˵УǲƤˣôˮôأˮ򶼸ңȥٳʮȦٻ
һȦ500ףʮȦ5000ף󳹵ɵˡ
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146 ˮ
类, Сǰֱʶˮȴŭʲôأˮù
һСһ, ϽСܹȥͨͨ
ҴˣҺ͸һȥܲ
˵ת, ܵĳͷ
ԶȥıӰ, ٵͷЩˮ˲ɫͨ졣
ˮȫ, ˺ðβŻָ侲
˿̣ڼԺĲٳ, СǺͷСţܵ
ܵñȽĴ¿ڴ, ܲĶһһߵġ
øԼһܷ, رⲻȥ, Բ, 㡣
С޿ǰ, ûԼ̫Թ, ´οҵ, Ͳܷ, ԭһء
ԽԽʱ, ٳԱӰιСֻеŮе죬һŷǰΰ೤գһҲ, ڡ
һӣС׹ԭΪ, ղźԼȥ
ǲ֪ʲôϵ
ͣ±ܵĽŲ, ǡ
û, һͷˮʣôˣС
С̧°ָԶǹȥڲġ
ȥֻϳڡ
ԴתѧֻڼԺżû˵ΪʲôڸȤ
ԱǸգ㶮û
£г׶ˡ
ķһ˿˿䣬ٳ˲Ǻܶࡣ
ֻպϣ²ؼõĿɶ񣬲Ĵ۲ݡ
Ϊ㣬ڶɰ೤ˣͬѧÿοҲһң첻Ҹ˵ҾȥС̡
üͷֻѩһѵû˵Թ𣿡
ԹԹ˭Ҫ֧ӢƵĸֱ
ʱСǺЦЦ߹Ȼһ֧Ӣ۸ֱʿɲˣͦڰ
Ϥ˲̧ͷյ۵һĨţôǣҺұ˵йϵ𣿡
ȻйϵոҿˣǺı۸ҡ
С˫ֲվǰʮĬ˶ܶܲ
ڲԾ¿ˮϣѩ¸ûϵǱݺˡ
Լժøɸɾˣʲô˼㣬ѩ𣿡
ûôҲŲֱʡ
УҼסˣȻȥһ״
͸£Ϊ㣿
ۼǹҧһëкСǶɵˡСڧקקе½Ҫ뿪סûߣ漴Цرá
ȱߣҵģ
СһãȻؿӴ¿ڴͳˮʱһ㾪°͡
ͬһĻںա
˵ע£Բˮ򣬺ûܲ©ˮ
ţ߾׼ڣ󺰵ؼţ䣡
˵꣬һˮವһڵȥ
ڷӦ㿪ʱֻžһˮѣһɱˮǸоرˬ
СǼ״ùһˮ򣬺ԥңǿ׼ַˮյްѿ˲·ʪһƬ
̫ˣް
ŶԷЪ˹ӣСЦرģã˭ôԺ󻹸Ҳҡ
˵꣬סеĸ첲߳ٳޱȳ졣
磬̫ˣȻƤӵ²򡣡
һͷ˵ʵҲûô͵͵ҵȥװˮ
ҹ⺮ݣů紺
谵ĵƹ£ҲûСɡ߳һ㱡ѵòǡ
֣ôûأ
Ǳ§ڻֻ첲Ĳϣż顣
֪òøࣿһ˲û˰ɣȻлᰤᡭ
һĳϦȻȥйꡣ
Ϊ˳з㣬Ӿȥ
Ϊ̵ļֵλؾǻǴˡ
ŵ·ԽԽߣҲȴǰࡣ
ųķ羰ߴߴĸͣ
ڸʻңȻʵ˵ۼСôܽ˵ģ̫á
Ļú˲ֹͣ˵ЦȫΧ˹
裬˵ģۼҪ𣿡
ţ벻򣿡
ͬ򣡡
˾г£
һ߿һ߲ͷһۣ漴ԼǾû
ȫ˶ͬ⣬ĬĬذ򳵼ƻճ̡
«έУ·̲Ȼ𳵿١
ǵﾩУѾǴ硣
֪ǽ÷ĺԺɨһ顣
ڼңֻΪ㿴ǡ
һңԺ쳣֡
СǺһ˴к󣬱Կȥ˾ﲻԶһĺԺ
ǻķӣһ˵ܻء
±з֣תһȦȻȥ
ÿλؾУĺԺһۡ
һһСԺֹ鷿ʵңһϷңȫǻķ졣
浽ˣôҲҪһʱ䡣
òûз֣ûС߽ĺԺ·ȴɱһҧ
ǣô
Сתͷ˺̲סһ¡
ҼҾס⸽ѵˣ
ᵽСֶһصҸ͵ķӣүү֪ңˣ֪Ҹķһ𣿡
Сһ󣬸Ͻҡͷ֪û˵
𰸣Сֶյ¶һĨʧ䡣
ˣˣߣҴȥֳô
ĻСǰһæü۴Ӧѽرȥֳ
ţȥУ֪һˣ
ֳ½ģÿڼնຢ档
Сֶ͹Ŀͣͯδ˭
ȰкĿһֳ߳
ԴϴѧСֶվԼǸˣ棬ûǮƱ
ƱǮС·˺üعϣÿһر
վڶյĹվԣСһ߳ĵعϣһװʣֶո磬ڹôˣҵ𣿡
л˵
ps:ؼš1988꣬ǰһꡣ



147 1990
ᵽ, Сֶ̾Ȼĵع϶ˡ
Խ绰رдҲҪܾòܵ, Ѿþûյˣүү֪Ľ, ʱὲҸǱͦõ, عܻҪȼꡣ
˵Уûû, عϳ˲˼:ǻǱҶûȹ22˰ɣ
֪ҿɲԸ۾˵ɩӡ
, Ǿͻ᲻Ȣʽۡ
кСǾð޹磬ֿԼ, ֻСֶռᶨΪֻϲ, Ȣʡ
ͬʱ, ڹʵҵĻ, ෢ı, ȫעͶ뵽ʵ鵱С
һ, ĺԺ
ǰøﷱ衿, ﷱ衴ϻϸ˰, ǿһüĿ, ԪǲǣҲҿ϶
ǶⷽҲһ֪, ʵҤǹҤ
ҾͲˣǹҤҤ, ղؼֵ, ҴҸ׵רҼһ¡
ʶⷽǰһ, ϲüҡ
ǵȻѣһӳ
һСʱһĺԺ
ŵһλʮˣڿﷱʱϹЦݣʲô㴵ˣɣ󡣡
ﷱָָԣ˵ҹŮ䣬Сǣֲ
ֲáЦӯӯͶԷкݹȥһݷã¡
ַƽЦǺǵûжĿ
߽ԺӣǺش⣬ֻСԺƿƿ޹ޣէһ˹г
ַƽЩȤ˵ϲĸҿ԰͸㡣
öЩܳæҡͷ˵á
߽ȥҲȫǹ
ﷱ衲ɵЦЩģǰ֮ǰֶóˣ
Уֲǲ֪Ҿһá˵ţ쵽ݵ¡
ﷱҲûٺѣǿżɽҽҹŮæ
ʮϵشӰọٰ́Сطŵϡ
һйɿַƽչϵʱ۵¶һĨâ
ĶԵģ
Ȫǹгʵʵ˵ûв˽
ַƽæӻͳһŴ󾵣Ŵ۾ؿţ˺ðβż˵:һ̵ס
ԣ⡣Ǽأû̫˵
ͬˣַƽӣǸӵ̬Ⱥ͸ոսȻͬ
ǶʮӹȥһطӲ˽ۡ
ӦǱιҤмߵղؼֱֵĴǼΪĺˡ
ԪҤںۣ
ǲŵȷϵǱιҤ
ţƾ⼸ʮԱ飬ʮа˾ǱιҤ
ﷱ衶Թ֪ƤëҲ֪ιҤʲôѵõɴ۾ǣΪϡ֮е
ĸ˸ַƽǾþ޷ƽ
ؼҵ·ϣԾԼһѾˣȻص֮һҪչ񣬰
ȻһġԴ˶ǳıƷһֱӲʡ
Ѿ˾ӶߣӴԺ÷ĺԺסﷱݺһᵽ
ҲԶˡ
һȫµɣСγʮǧļ۸С˺þá
һ뵽Ժȥﶼܷ㣬־Ǯúֵá
뾩죬һ˿һǰŪȥˡ
ʱɳ1990ꡣ
ӳʼǱ÷ǳæµҩҪҵˣҩͱƷͬڹҪøϸ
ҲæԶԿרңȫĲ˺ֻܶ࣬°˲΢зʱ䡣
Сǽ߿ҲҪϸˡʮ¾޶ʱ
ڹ֮໹Ҫǵѧϰ
ĩĳ졣
ɫӱ˯еӽˡ
˯ۣ˻±״̬ѽһû˯أ
һƨɣ˵˽ʲôӣٲµ㻨Ǯûˡ
ûɶû㻨ǮвһͦϽˡ
֣Ҹո˯ˣдһʶҸɶھȥɡ
ƤЦӣӲϲüȥý³극˵
ӳ˷䣬æ·ȥСǵķš
˰죬Էſš
̫ѵ˯㳳ˡС˸ǷվûһҪ۾
м״æָţ˯ˣǰĽˣ
ĻС˲侫һȷʵ¸ˡ
мÿһ˶硣
Ҳ֪Ϊʲô־Ȼͬһμ
ھȥ·ȵҹ
ãȥɡ
ʱѰͰӰΪæͳˡ
ϰΪһӳ֣Ǹʲô
ȳԷɣԱɻ
˻һۣһֲ̫õԤС
Ϊ£ηǳԵúζ
ȳԹ緹óһӶŵ˵ǰҺʮգһ޵ڰ֮ǰѷ²һ飬ûŪã
Уаɣ֪е壬΢е㡣
СǣԲ÷رȤ
İɣһѷӴرƯ
ŮôģڷİѷӽǲãԼȥʳģΪķʢ׼
ܿ죬ֻʣкСˡ
ǿһ򣬺ȻðְֵⲨۡ
Сóһ̾۰ǸˣԺһҪ۰ѧϰУ
ᵽ£дغҲŲأҪúѧϰЧ
˵ú˻ͲܱЧƵģСƲƲ죬ٺɹֻ⡣
ǿɻɣһְָûˡ
ǰӶɨһ飬Ȼһһϵ컨ĸǣмλһرĺɫ
ȰһŪ꣬۵пͷǸ򣬺Ȼĸȥףأ
ãҪŪʲôҺ۰
СҲָۣһ˵ǻûء
һٸӣҪˡ
̾˿̲ס²۵֪ǽգ֪ĻΪǽأ˵۰զôأ
˵ЩΪСǻͣɵ˰춼ûӦֱ뿴СЩʲô
ͼһѶڳվſڣʵ˵˭أ
ŵøϽϱ˵ˣ֣ҡ˵أ
ϧķûӵɫãҿҪƨɿ
С¸簤ᣬֻܳȰ裬ְ֣ǸӣȱһʶǿɻɣȻһûˡ
ŭûٴҳгܿʼЩ
GԭСǶ׵Աߣǵһοִķ
֪˵˻Ҳ׵һԿʼʹܽ

ҹĻ٣ƣӻصң߽ԺӾͷͬϸڣԺӺɾˣ
ţ߽ŵɲǾͱһƬͮͮ𺳵ˡ
ݵĺ򣬻ǽϵΪ˼š
ʱӱһرӣ߳ü価ᡣ
ӷŵǰЦ˵Сǣʮտ֡
ǳģװֽİģһſɫȻĶ
л˵
кŶ


148 궷޵
ǿ, ̲סȳⶼģ
ţϲ𣿡
ϲô󣬻ǵһյ˴
ǿĵ, ӵЦݸ
ʱҲ߳, ﻹǵ
ְ, ףʮ֣
СǵһűѿʮƬǶǺӵǼĽ, ڱŴ
һ֮ǰͳϴõġ
͵һԿ[ú]Ĵɱڰٻ¥ġ
ǿ, Ǳʾл
ʳﶼԵġ
ΧڲǰȻܺЩĵ
С, ҽְֵ̰ģЩĺüˣ
üꣿʶ, ů, ôû᲻۰Ҷ֪
ӺŶ, һΪвһ߹ɵ, ֵֻġ㳢ô
ллӹ, һ˫ص
Ϊ˲ĸ, ʲݳԹˡͮͮ, ֻʣԷ޶
֮ǰǶȥӪȹõһ, ǵһڼȻǲԣ˶ЩŲ, ͻȻ֡
Ŀ֮΢ķΧе㡣
ԹʮĬһͬˢ롣
ڻˮ, Ĵ, ֲ࡭
ڶϰ֮ǰ, ǰװһƿȥڰ칫Ϲ͡
ģһףٰףȻ춼ܿ
мһֱĻŭŵģڹó֮ǰԾЦشչ裬ѧУʦüҳǩ֣ǩһ£
Ծڵһ룬ֻһհ׵ĵط¶ǩֵġ
ɻؽӹӣʣ㵲ʲôأַſҿ
֪ӲȥֻڵŲ֣ûʲô㿴ҿ÷
Ųֻ֮Ծϵȷд100֡ǲǩ֣ͼԾһ
ӣЩû
ʦдĻͬѧȥϷ궷ˣ
вԾһĭΪԼֻȥһξͱʦץˣʦ˵ԭˣûء
ûлڸ֮⣬ǱУ֪֪ϷԣӰѧϰѵ㲻ϸˣٸһ𣿡
ʵҲ֪Լˣû˵أûԣ㿴οԻһٷ֡
һһٷֲԶһٷ֡ͬѧҾ㣬ٸϷһԲ˶ߣ
żΪϴ̬رá
ǲÿ춼ȥѧ
ѧУлΪͷѧ¶
ʮˣͬѧĺûӡ
μϢʱ߹ʣǷѧȥϷɣϴҶû湻
뵽˵ĻжĳϷģǻǱȥˡ
̬Ⱥͽһģһżһôأİɣûµġ㵽ȥȥ
ȥһؼҡ̾ûʵʵ˵
ȥֻȥˡ
˰ѧʱ䣬ԼѧУſڣ˺һŰеȳ
һûɵӣһһ˶⸱УҾһ㣬ȻҰ¸֡
°ְֱֻ֣ͦʮ־΢Цв裬㿴˰ɣңӦùܹܰŶԣϷҴˡ
˵ǵɴ˫ۣһĲš
ӡУһֱǸԺӣ£ѵǽഺ
أϷɣ
ûУûҵͬһ棬Ѿؼˡ
⻰΢΢˿һпؼʱϷɼ»ʱֻں
Ϊ˶žҪȥʦһӣеĻȴ˸ոðͷ
裬ǧ°֪£ڶ˵ܴ°Ƽ˻ҳߡ
Ƿͷվûȥʦ
ڹæʱʱ̶̿źǣǱкͰ¸˵ˡ
ģ֮ȥзѧ
˵ɰְֽʱ˲һˡ
Ϊ˲øѧУſڵ̫ãѧҵٶȶǰ࣬ͬеĻа
ӱû뵽˷ѧͬʱҪԼӴϡ
У԰⣬ǿһĨЦݣ˵:壬߰ɣԼܻؼҡ
֪ڴʲô⣬Ǻطϵ:ãһߡ
ԺЩӶӣûҷǡаɣǻؼҡ
ļ죬Ҫƽͣܶ࣬ӵļ֮£ûȥϷѧϰɼҲߡ
һУ˶ᣬи800ףܽ
ǵĳɼܲΪ༶ȡ
Ϊ˱Աʦҳѩ⡣
ûΣ˼ɵЩ
еСʣһȥϷô
ʶؿʦ߻ħˡ
˶ỹûأôȥϷ
˵а취šϡһʼݼ
ʦҶۣررۣ
ΪѩԻ˶ӣʦϽȥ۵ҴȥҽԺɡ
װΪǰѧȥϷĿʦȥҽԺ
Ͻڰ֣װӾܾʦôæңҰɣ
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149 ־
뵽ƽʱϵܺ, ʦҲûͬˡ
кܲԸط߳ѧУ
뿪ѧУ󣬰һָֻɵС, ҲװӲˣԵˬ
мô, Щ, Ҫǻǻȥɣڻͷü
Ҳȥ, ҪءǴҪȥϷȰá
֮, ֻһֻСʱ, Сʱ֮Ǳߡ
뵽ϾϷ, æӦ, ǾСʱ
ܿ, ѧУͬϷ, ʱϷˡ
ó֮ǰϷ, ݸкü, ô, 档
Ϸжƻ, һĨ߬סǣڰ, Ǹֲ˼ĵط
˫˶Դģʽһһʽкǿ, Ǻܿʱ, 粻ǵ֮ǰֻСʱԼ
ʱ, Ȼһʹһӱ˾ͻ״һ
æתͷͼʦһǡ
㲻˵˵Ķۣ㾹Ȼѧˣ
ʦΪʦĻھθ˵绰ѯʺӵ״
ɰûؼңΪһߣʦױ뵽пȥĵط
ȻԸţˣ⺢
ºѱæǻ°̣ոĶۣźһ㣬
ϧĻӭԷһֵĺէУôһѧã֪֪Լϼ꼶ˣʲôɥ־ΪϷѣпΪ˴ҽᣬҽǸ費ɣ
д㶵վԴֻʣ졣
ѱԼˣɫͨ죬裬Ѿʮˣֻżһ¶ѣܱܲң
ܴ˵ΧۡϷϰӰ⣬ϽȰлú˵Ҫȥ˵ҲУ
ܵΧͶĿ⣬ֻرˡŭصʦһۣϷʦôûͷ
м״æο°̣ģȥ
˵ҲȥٶͬһС硣
ʦ뿪û
ܳϷ˰ҲûҵӰϸ˳ȥĵطֻܰطѰҡ
ںߵһ洬ҵˡ
ڴϣͨۿǿ޹ˡ
ĬĬԱߣЩ֪ôο
Ľ㣬ûһʦ衢ʹɩҶܹˣÿ˽ѵ˾Ͳģȫֻһ̫ˡ
˵ʣֻļʾο
ʵҰҲѵˣ£ڻؼⲻ˻õһ׻˫򣬵Ҿ÷˴ʹ£Ƥ񣬴û¡
Ҳ밤Ҫҳ߰ɡ
ԤУȴû뵽״£̲סʣСҳѵҪѹ
ͷĬһӺ˾ֻȥߣٻҪҪһȥ
еȻȥֲöԷһ˵ߣֻܼȰ˵ȥﶼҪǮûǮȥˣҲȥˡ
ûϵѹǮȥ档
ԷҪҳߣзͷ˼һ˲Эˣ˵һġ
ԥһ£ͷӦУһȥɡ
ţǴ洬«έеķȥ
ʱΣ«έǷѧʱ˵ڽֱСǴУſڳ¶档
ԼСЩ⡣
ǽ첻˶ôѽ
й⳯գգۣϣ˼ϧ˫̥еӦȫڡ
СǲûпİʾΪ۾ɳӡ
ôˣòҰ㴵
޷Լͼкǽƣû£һҺȥһϵǮã㲻õģҲ߰ġ
СĻֻùŹֵġ
й¶ƻæѵȥ԰棬ʱóԵġ˵꣬еĸ첲Ҵҵ뿪ֻһԹؿСǣһʵ˵
ڻؼҵ·ϣСڲԾеĿ涵ɾôǮԼġǰȥ棬ûôϻ
ԽɻԽ࣬ӿ˻ؼҵĽŲҪҵʱ򣬾ͼ°
ǣûпǿһ
ˣҸոǷֿǰСǽʶʲô裬ַˣ
ʱ˿̣ʦۺǰеʣ֪ȥĶ𣿡
СǵһοԷޣɵЩĻţ˵ȥ԰ˣҾǿȥ˽С
Ϊֻȥв𳵡
⻰ϽͷܣǰСǣӺͰ׸ȥվվˡ
ͬʱкͰѾȥеĿʹĴ󺣣żȰ˵㿴ٺҲûмƯ˵ǲǣ
ֻǳû˵
꣬ϵο𽥱࣬«έ޽˺üξ㡣
ʹʱΪǵĶԻͬеؽӻɲ治ȥôط棬«έ⣬ԺǮһҪ򷿡
˿Լļ磬ӽɣһʱ֮ȫҳߵ£иǽЩοͽ«έķξ㡣
棬ϳGǲǡɫ
ȥôܱ꣬ϳвǲԼû
ϴˣҲͰˡ
ҲûɣЦǺǵʣȥĶôûдأ
⣬еĽ䱸һֱͦǿѳƵ֮дӡ
Сʱ·ǵĻЦкܿͶȹˡ
ϰǰУ˾⣬ϲĸУϲǾȥ
촽:Ķȥֻؼҡ
ʹʱǺòοߣ˶ߵò˲ųȥ
ʱи˴յʣGСѣʵɣǡ֪־ļߣܲܲɷ㰡
֪ǽһ־ƽʱͬѧ֮䶼ụഫģоڶԷȻʶĻԣʵʵ˵:˼ȷʵһ£ܲɷá
˱˵ЩʲôкͰѸٳȥֻʱա
ӻλƵشӴϰվȽŲԶһŭ⣺УվסٸһԺͱؼң
ôߵƵƵתͷע⡣תͷ˶ɵˣ
˭ܸΪʲô
˿̣Ҳһ±ƣԵĸף̲סɪɪ
ǿɹܲǵĻŭУšĶͦѧҳˣҲѵҾͲնţ
ڶ䱻ûջǵۣбĵ裬裬Ҵˣܲšô˿ء
֪ˣΪʲôҪҳߣߣһؼңûֱǰߣְקصϡ
һߣʦûôŰһֱޣΪӵʧãҲΪʧܡ
ܹӣȫҳ߹˵һִ
ޣ﷢ᣬͷ˵ʦֻĸ첲ߡ
ֱǶû˵һ仰
һĻЦ٩䣬úָɽڳΪʥ֮ǰǿɱˡ
ɫȵһձû˵һ仰
ڿʹʻĹУǶûҹȥ
ʦڿޣһؿʣ˵˵ɣΪʲôҪҳߣ
죬һԡ
ִ֣ɫ˵ҲûϵԺҵˣҲٹܡ
͵̧ͷڲ޶ԣҡֻȥһͻ
û㲻⼸죬᲻ΪԲ˯ţ㿴ڵӣѵ𣿡
´ͷСΪԼֻǷ춼ҪңԲ徻졣
˵ʦڲٳĬˣƾ˵СҺִһ統갤ٴѵ㷸˴˵˵𣿽ȥϷ棬ǲӦȥ棬Ÿˣ
£ײˡ
һﾡԼĴڸУͻȻ뵽һ硣
˼ɴϻ˿ţʱûκ⡣
ȴˣʦߡСظڶ񾭶úܽ
һڣɫѾɺڣ»ȥй裬ˣҽûҳߣ²Ÿȥġ
תͷһۣûԼժôɾϷȥûȥҸ㣬ˡ
ˣֻ
ʱСſڣ硣ǻˣӭȥʣ裬ĶҵǵģУܱܲôɰҳҲɵóġ
أֻ
ȥûأˣ
У
Ϊˣû˷棬ÿһǽ⡣
бֵúܹԣԹеˢĹ
Сǳڣǣ裬ҪǸˣΪµġ
㲻ð飬ݴȥ
̬ȼСĬӣȻԹԻ˷䡣
ƣӻصʱߵ࣬ڴ֪ӻؼҵϢ
վ෢͵üģ˵дǧּ֣ҪһһúдҪ飬ȥдɡ
Լûоȵ۾ң
ϣ㣿ףϾԱ䡣
ǲǣھȥд˵ţϽˡ
Ҳ⣬ôԭˣ
дǧֱЧ翴дôɡ
ĵƹ⣬ſϹһ㳾ɻʵȥˣôôడ
ҺͰ׸ڻ·ץС͵ԲŻ䵽һ
׼ȷ˵ٵģӵģû˵ʵ
ô𣿡
ţûٳš
ǺҼʱҵ˺ǣȻᷢʲôĺ˵
ڶ峿ѧǰжĺȦѺüҳ齻ӵУȻ˵֣´ٷ㻹ǴҰɣǧһϲ
ӽӹţΪƽ´ΣȰٴдǧּ顣
ûϹ˵Լ̫ˡ
ļ죬ְÿӶ
׷ʲ֪ԭСӰеһδ򣬰׸ͦݣƨɶˡ
Դ֮ûȥϷ·Ƶߵġ
һºĳ糿ѧУսңע⵽кܶͬѧЦЦؿ
ӣ:ôˣǶҸɶ
֪࣬ЦøˡʱиŮӿ﷭һ־ŵǰС˵㿴֪ˣ겻˺ҵ飬ȻҸû꣡
ⲻ˼鷭
һڵġ֪־ͯʱġɫľա
Ҳر:ͯҳߣԭǲ̼ͥ
һͷˮ־뿴涼дʲôӳͷƬ
ɫģʮ
ƪһҳֽʧʵ˵꣬ѶΪĸϻ
걨бðҳϸڣ뵽Ǹˡ
һ͵͵ĵƬ
ʱҩ
ҲǱ־Ϊһĸϻܲˬ
ôÿôĸϻأ
Ǽһ۾⣬Űд
ǮվһԿⱾ־ҲرߣдʲôⰡ̫ˣ
ǰɣҲù֡
ֻΪͷʵۣкܿӰӡ
УҪ־Ͷߵ绰С
칫ϵĵ绰˲־ĵ绰Ȼ㰴յ绰벦˹ȥ
ԱţȻƪʧʵ֪ԷɻȴǼܡ
ŵ˼:ǻ飬ʲôʱн֪
ĻظöǸӲˬˡȹҵ绰ʡȥ绰ܱ²ۺڵ绰һ˹ЦһĻᣬҪҪ׼־Ժġ
һȤô־Ҫ˵
ֻǶǵһЦȴû뵽ԷȻ˵Gô֪ģ
ô°
ţôȤȤҿ԰㡣
뵽ҩſãǺܾתһδʮ־ĻƽʱֺĶ
ͷ۾ͺˣɵ¡
ܱ࣬룬Ҿ𸴡
һ־ҲҪʽܱҲûټȰ˵
һݣǮ¹ĵʣô־磿
ţǮûܡǿϣﻹ˼ûʲôȫİ취
ɾͺ£־ǰᵽǵϣҲһ𣿡
ǮµĻöǰһʱéٿĸо
ѽֻҪ־ᵽͿԲˡҡ֪ʹȥˣ©һֶΪأ
л˵
ps:Ϊ˵Ϣʱ䣬쿪ʼŵ£һʱ䲻Ҫ


150 Խ绰
Ϊ, һ֪ĸϻۣһ֪, Լǣ
־ҲھΣִҪҳ, Ҳ־Ϲ
Ϊ, ϵ˵˶Բ
ϻصңǱ־, ˴Ϊĸ׻ᱩףȴû뵽Էر, û¶
˺г£ʳһҹҲûͨ⡣
, ôڽа֪Ҫҳ𣿡
Ͷ˵۹ⷭ־, ͷûû̧, ֪, ҿûôͨ󡣡
شиɻ, ׷, ֻȥСǡ
Сһ, , ͷϲֻһҿʹ, ֻҪ軨Ǯ׷ǣ׷ǲ練̫ˣ
лȻ򡭾ԼֻӲָɽĺӡ
ʱһȥСҲæµ, ҪμӸ߿еѧУǻҩƴѧ, λϷ, «έǧ
ڻеѧҩѧ֮ѡ˺, ҲѡΪ˸ӻѹÿ춼ҪԼţ̻кҡ
ֻѧϰ壬ĩһ죬ҳȥһ죬ɢġ
°ٻʺ̤һŸʽʳȥٻ
ǸطǺȥΣرƯ
ǵһȥ档«έķ֣¶СһԴ
ǵһ̣ȥȫǾ࿪ŵʻ
裬
Ů۵׵ľޣǾԼҶ˵طҵ۹ⲻɣǰһƬƺǿȥҰ͡
һѶǰ··һƬʱСǻա
סΪʲôôûء
ûˮû磬رСԲʺǳھסǰмӣסĵط
һŽһΣȥطתת
ǿͼûᣬһﲻߣϽǲеͷһա
ֻܷ̾е뷨
һƺ£СǰĻȻɫһ
裬ԪͽǲǱѽ
ȥֻ꣬èˣǿ˺þáΪӱʵʱûֻСһĵط
СһԤУһ
ǵͷָĳ˵Ǳ˯أҲǿǡ
һĳȻ񵱳ôʹǿˡ
ֶĲᣬǵܳء
Ǽ״οﻷôãһϲġԺǣʱ￴
ͷֱ뿪ٻǹįŻ
ӣǿʼƵӴʡܱࡣڼ䣬ҲŪˡ֪־첻ȥԭ
ҪΪ൱ص⡣
һ־ļ۸̫ˣҺ⼸걣Ʒ׬ſԺѹ
һʱĽǢ˫ǴһĹʶ
־ǰᵽ«έҪ־ѡַ⡣
«έķԶȲϾһ߳еٶȣＸߵľɰ칫¥ۻֲϾĵͲӷ
󣬶ǰĿҩһƾɵĶС¥ϣԭһҹӪ꣬Ÿ徭ӪķչճΪʷ
ⶰƺС¥ҪʮּۻۺʮһԪ֡
Ϊӱ˺ܾãҲݡ
װʦѷ·ˢһ飬ˮظ·
һж㶨֮󣬸־Ǳ̸ҲˣǴǮȥʡǡ
ʱ䣬־ֵ÷зҶ־δ
Աڻֲ̿״̬ӵ֪ͨͬʱҲܺ־ǴĴϰ壿
ǵ־ʱ˵Χۣодˡ
ֻöǺ죬ȴôҲ벻ΪʲôϤ
ʡܱЭǩԼĹ̺˳ֻһڣǾõ־Ȩ
Աȥ⡣ǵķ˶Ըȥ«έ
Ϊס˲ţ׳һر˵ǾǷ«έԱܻһ׶ҵ¥
ס֮ʱֻоסȨҪʮܻòȨ
֮⣬ʸҲںá
Щɹ˵Աǵģ˵ʱûڼͥķգһġ
«έ귢չòɽкȥ
ŵĻ˾ֱ㿴ң㣬аٷ֮ʮԸ־ȥ«έ
ǸұҲʱϳ˶ǣû뵽еһΪԼϰ塣
Ϊ˱סݹҵǣŤӺͱŵıȫͬ
糤ãҽǸ֮ǰƪдģ˵Բϣдһʶ
ǿǰˣ֪ƪµ˭ĻԼæˣ
ҪǸĲңҶӡǸܶµĺúӣд֪꣬һ˵ζʲô𣿡
ͷܺڵдƪǱӦˡ
ְ뿪־硣
£«έС
СſϾúģмҪ߿ˣҶѧϰҲ뿴飬ôҲȥ
ԣڼ˯
ǿμϢͬſﲻΪˣﲻѽҪҪ٣
С̧ҡҡͷãһܺá
治ҿɫ̫á
СʶգʵĲ𣿿û岻
ֻǶԿĸϰʱеζˡ
ˣȸ߿ȥй֣ҪҪһȥ
СǶԹûʲôȤֻ˵ῼһ¡
ʱһѧţѩͬѧУ칫绰
һɤͬѧӿα̧ͷУ칫ҾȻѩĵ绰
ֹ𾪣СҲܾȣ²˭ܰѵ绰У
ѵ裿
תһ룬־òܡ
㻹Ÿȥӵ绰
ͬѣСǸϽٳȥ
һ·ϣڲ²绰˻˭
У칫ǰУ͵绰ЦǺǵ˵ʲôСˣæ֣Խ绰Ӱɡ
ܸԽ绰ֻһˡ
Сǿż飬߼Ун˵绰
ι
һɨոյήҲ񣬵绰һǴһЦȻԷ˵ǣþò
ǲ䣬Ƕû棬ĺþòСᳶŵ绰ߣԾ͸һĨ
겻ͻȻӵĵ绰еš
Զڴ˰ĻҲǿ٣֪ôӻ
˺ð˵ţ˵öԡ
뵽Խ绰ѹأСæʵʲô𣿻£
Ҵ绰롭ף߿쿪ʤ
ŻͲףС¶һõЦݣܴ˵һ䡰ллµ绰̫
л˵
Ϣʧܣȸһ£һ´ʮһࡣ


151 ޸߿
صҺ, СһֱЦӯӯġ
ͬ绰˸Ƶģʵ˭ĵ绰ѽ㿴ܿ
ÿÿᵽ磬СǶúԺ, һĴ磬ףҿ˳
ôѵ绰Уȥˣ
ΪѧУѧ, У졣
СҲѧϰ, Ϊһѧ񼴽ҵ, Լˡ
ʱ䣬´, һξȻ鿴ȥˡ
صң˲һѾϲ
ڰ, Сæȥæ
Ů鲻, ǺίʣѧУʲôǾҪҵ, ʦûʲô
û, ҪڿǰŻ˵ɡ
Сǰ, ע⵽ְֺ͸粻ڼҡ
ְأ
ȥ̫үүү, 
ôûҰСǼòԭ, ýһԼգ
Ͳоϲˡٶڼ, һ˵, ǾͿ
ãȥ꣡
ûһ⴫һЦǴС߳, ֻ÷һޱЦǺǵس
, Ǹأ, ôޱġȵʱ, ⱻӴӾбӡ
ϾҪϴѧˣҵȻҪһ±ӴѧУȥûů͡
ʱҲ߽Ժӣﷱβ廰ѽһ·˵һС
ǽӹĸޱͷź۲ѣȥϴϴǳԷ
С߹ס÷ĸ첲ﾡůáԺһúТ˳
ŮĻ÷ЦĻŭš
߽ݺаǰӵˮڷܶµ˹Ŀ࿴
ﷱ±ǰĸֱʣЦݸ͸ġ
Ҳеܳ
ţÿһ֧ףԺѧɡ
п±ʣл
ԹүӰӽеңֱһ֮󻹲͵͵Ҫ֪Ȼûտûеڶˡ
кСǾؿźһʱ֮ԥŸòգ
еӴȰѺ˹лл̫үүһúðغõġ
ˣСǾסջҲˡ̫үүáԺǮҲҪóԵġ
ʱһ䡣
Ǻ÷ڿر߻Ӷ졣
ᵽ÷΢΢̾ɩأҶˡ
ΪʲôѽСû
£һǸ⣬ʵ벻ģ޻ʲôìܡ
÷ٴ̾粻ǶǸǰϸȥˣǰЩикҵۼҷ˵ӣΪ£С˺üȹƽ٣˵
Ե޹ôðأѾȷҸĺ𣿡
ǻôʣֻǾɵءǰ޵ֻĺӣôô궼û¶棬úӹҰְ֣
δ̫Ѫ˰ɣ
÷Ҳòϳ֪ǰΪ鲻Ͳģǰоæڹаûؼң˵⺢Ǵģôȥˣ˴ûϵ⺢ģⲻ˺զġ
ûDNA𣿡
ʲôA?÷úͿ
Ȼ뵽DNAӦ췽棬ֻĵؽһ顣
˵ܼⷽѪԵϵ÷ԵЩæ˵ȥɩȥʲôA
żڵʱˣ˰æȥɡ
֪ŮǸбµģ÷Ƿˡ
ǻص֮ǰѾڵϵķʰһ飬ȻʮûסΪúã͵ûʲô
ϣ÷ﷱ衻صԼסүӺסһ𣬶ǺСסһݡ
뵽мҪ߿ˣĸŮһѵҹġ
Сᵽ˻ĹͬѧǵڷŬҲ˵Լ״̬
Ը¶Ǻο
仹СܿúòöνԲҪ̫ѹֻ֪Ҫͺá
Сĸ첲ϣᡰšһȻС֤İɣһ̬μӸ߿ġ
һҹһֱĵ¶ףų˯ȥ
ʱת˲ţܿ͵˸߿졣
һ磬÷һ͹ˡˮ󵰣Ԣ⿼ܵһٷ֡
СֻżͳԲȥˣû취ֻӦ¡
⺢ݵģһܳԾͺˡ
ָԼ˵ѣ㿴Ҷˡ
÷ϸûб仯ǲǳֻþˣҿǰһ
˲ӣεرͣ˵ˡ
Թ緹ǺСȥ
¸̫ѹֻǵڼУûиȥ
ѧУʱſվѧҳ
ֶŮ󣬲ŷѧУ
һųȻ뵽Ǵθ߿Ҳı߽
վԱߣΪһ̫ɡ˵ģ˳ġ
㵱վ߳ˡ
Ҳ߯ĥˣ
ң뵱꣬ЦϧҪΣȹ껹ҪһΡ
ļʾοͬʱԼҪһξ
ڽŽǵķΧУڽˡ
ȫɵСͬһֵֻҰָֻԭŵӡ
ٰڵ̯û
ÿСǶһƷȥ԰ſ
죬ϳŵҪڶöࡣ
ֻǸհʱ䣬СƷͲˡ
ȥǽ̫ԶֻܿԽ취
˵־вУܸ־Ч档
ǰһãȥ̸ɣҸоͬ⡣
ϣͬǵ󣬲׸ʮ־
Щûȥ԰̯ȥͷ԰·־ĿԱȽϴ
һ죬糣ͷ̯հûӣ˳˹
кСǶһۣĬû
ͷƵǰվڵһ仰:Ǹû
л˵


152 
«έвפ, ΰһֱܲ
ȻðС죬кСǺܲӦ
ʲôѣ֤Уóҿ
СǵĻΪ׵һ, Ҫɶ֤
Ȼձѵ֤Ҫĸλ, ûȨǮ, ҲܰǮ㡣
˱ɫǺ죬ˣԼ
֪ϴ˭ŲҰЩ鶼˺ඣ
Һ, ǰһСǵǰ:ٺһԣŲ㣿
С첢ûаСƨ, ĦȭҪ֣˫Ҫʱ, һŭͻȻ, ʱֹⳡ
תͷ, һʮľ١
С͵͵һľ, ֱ
ߵǰ, Ǽ۸С, ö𣿡
Ʋŭ, Ͼ˵, Ǳŵú, ңֻǸأ
ҿ۸ˣһɳ
Է, Ͻˣ¶Է鷳
Ķ, кСǶλ˳м
, лл
, ͷԱӲʺϰ̯Ȱǻǻطɡ
òҵһ׬ǮĵطСǲ̫ߣԱ˵⣬ͷӦǻỻط̯ģллģ
˵ţ˼תתʣʲôְҺ
ҽнǺʶټɣСһǡ
˳ǰڰתߣСüͷ:ҲеϤ֪ͽةʲôϵ
˵ıӰֻ˧磡
ϻصңѽǮͨͨ˳
һ屾־50ԪǮ
ѶǶסˣͷô￪ͤӦûܲ
ѽͤ
С˲ǰһһְˡҪϴѧأ˱ͤ
ˣʶһнľոͷǡ
ǲԾؾȳѾܾûѵαľ
ôֻˣ
ţʶ𣿡
ʶǵһѡѾȥô꣬ûؽҵĹڡ
һѣȤ
裬رҰִܣ˵˭Ӯ
ǣ
ʱǡɴ仰ʣ˵Һ˭ܣ
ֳԸɴףǸϽĸ첲תƻк˵˵첻ҪȥС𣿿ϴϴ˯ɡ
ЩܳЯ뿪ͽǴԭء
лǰ˵䣬ȴСס͡
ôûأû費ڰְǰǸ𣿡
һɻȫûɶ˼
ڶ磬Ǻͷˡ
٣«έεرࡣΪˣʹ
ԶĴֻСӦϰɣ
ţûӦǺһġ
ǰ죬ӽӵĵ绰Եɡ
˵DNAѾʹˣǺӵͷҲ
û˵˼
ܿ촬˰ߣ˳´
ʱһίطɱ
СǣҺ㣡
ſֱ۱סЦӯӯ˵
ʱƽ߹Űעŵϡ
ֻʮСƽȴһϣ޵⺢ӳʲôģŲһʱֳ߲١
ƽͷʾԼܳԲųôߡ
ǰ󣬶ûٶŪǴŴҳԺķȥһ·ϻ٩ҸĶ֮أɵûʲô밡
ⲻСû˵û֨
ƽĸûͺã΢ɲ̾
ãѧУôתѧ
СƵģ̲סЦôת
ţϲĻоɡ
ֻͯͯûµ:԰ֻҪͬС
ƽŵμϣ취常ĸͬ⡣
صҺôҲעʱ򣬰ѶһãһҪңСڻء
DNAûǺ͸¶ɣҪͷõ𣿡
û͸¶ͷѾõˣ͸㡣ӱóһȻݵУҵͷҲ棬滹д֣㿴вУ
Ǵ򿪵͸ϴֱװͷصͷ
ͷ·ŽȻɫ˵İɣһᾡȥģСǱһúȰ˵ҲҪĲףͻȻðһôĶӣҷǸ鲻ɡ
ЩҶֻҪ飬ҸﶼС
һЦֻȥ̸ġ
ʱʰ˵İɣ㲻ðοˣû¡
üߵԣҲһûԴǼ棬Сһֱء
ΪԼ⣬УûֻûӦѣǺĶӣԺúöģȻܰ׶ӶԴʷ治ƽġ
㲻Ҹ飿
Ǹܺõˣû顣
һ۵رסޱ˵Ҹ磬ҪģʲôίǧţʲôʱҶվһߡ
ıǼ΢΢ᣬرסᡰšһ
һߣСǵķ
Ӿһ̸ż﷢Щ¡
ƽд̨ǰˮĽСڿԶѧˡ
뵽ԼҪܾòϴѧЩż
㣬ȥΪʲôпĻǻ档
ʵС󣬵ѡزϷ
ֻȥѧԺ󻹻ģ´μһȥֳ档
УҵҪ˵
İɣһֱԶŵġ
ɽˮкʣ٣ǹ÷ǳġ
ھ뿪ѧǰһڣƽŸĸ˾С
СҲȥҽƴѧ
ȥϴѧ÷ﷱ衣˶ûȥУȥΣȻһȦٻ
뵽ҪŮָأǲ޺ۣӺü˺á
죬ҰϿϷгɫǲᡣ
Сǵ֣·ҪүĻѧУҪ绰Ҫעⰲȫ֪𣿡
СǵͷеʣһᱣԼģİɡ
ʱаһɫƿӵݸѵûЦã˭㣬Ը
Сǽӹƿӣƿһ£ûǺôˮﰡҿ챻Ѭˡ
ǸõģûţպðɣԷʱ֮衣
ֻ̾ܰƿҪˮǺøӷŽ
ŻѣСǺʹһָȻ÷˻𳵡
δ꣬ǰһİĵط֮붼ڴ
л˵


153 һȥ
«έ, ҪܾúܾõĻ𳵡
Ϊ˲ģСǴӰóȻŽһдŴ÷, ѣϲʲô谡һ
Ƕ, ۸ҪһٶԪ, ÷ڰ֣°ĵˡ
Լ, Ѳ
ΪĲϲСûȰ˵, ִӰóһ˿Ƶ˹ȥư, ȻŶġ
÷ûܾ, Ǻﷱ˿ˡ
Ʊ, һ̡
С˯, һһ߷֪³־, ոյıЩƽ١
һ, ӵĲ߳վ, Ȧ, Ǽ, Եʧǡ
ĬĬԣԺ󿼴ѧһҪʡģһΡ
ΪһЩ, һֵرɣֹҴɨһ, Ѵֶϴˡ
ַٶΪ֮Ŀ, ʣôôˣ
ˮĴ, ǫǿƽʱ̫ˣæ
ǰɵӣϻοļ򣬡ţıȷʵֵñжٶûϴꣿ
׵ĿޣкܿģһۿտҲΧ͹¸ˣʵ˵ֻЩˣϾϴꡣ
Ļ̾һָΪΣϴ»´ôͿԽһ֪𣿡
еɴ˫ۣȻԼɵӣ
ʱڿޱסȫΪŮ뿪ѹ
߽ʱ㿴һֻëëƵģͷͽš
Լ浽첽߽رӵһǡ
Сȱȥɢɣ
ȥ߲ޱػӦ
ұ㣬߰ɡ
أǲŴޱðͷ˰ɣ㶼ʮˣٰˡ
ûʲôģ
ȷʵûģˤ
ɣһΣܲܰˤˡ
ͷټƱӡ
Ǽִţջˡ
վڿϣӸµؾҰŪˣһԭġ
İɣҰŪˣЩ㻨Ǯ㡣
õı֤󣬶Űִļϣ䱳Լ
ֻ˵˵ȻֻܴһͰˡ
ȥĶҴȥ
ﶼȥֻҪתתͿˡʮˣɲܱ衣
ţаɣǾ·
͸Ǹů⣬ƵתȦ
һȦһȦʮƬ´档
վ⿴һĻʵⲻ˵ľٶ
ƲƲ죬ϴ·ȥˡ
һҹĻ𳵣СʱСǾҪĿĵˡ
ŴİĻС۾ģİˡ
Ҫ«έ࣬÷óΪȷ磬䣬ҺүһڣѧУʲô¾͸Ǵ绰û
ţİɣҲµġ
ۼ𳵾ҪطˣСվ׼ȥ䣬÷һȥҲ߳ᡣ
𳵵ĳ˿ʹȥԺУѧ
˶ൽȥ䶼ҪŶӡ
С÷䣬ԼеվһԼȴʱ֪˭ںһ£Ҫײǽʱһֲֻڵֳɹקסĸ첲
δתͷͼһرƾɵкջ֣һֻﻹ߬һĴӣװŸַƷ
Ȼ磬ʱҲǸô
ллոշסҡ
Цòòû¶֮ɫкһ˲漴촽תߵˡ
ǳڻϼƷԭкֻߵر죬ӾͲӰ
ʱиŮȻ廰ողСײ㣬Բ𣡡
Сջ˵һ䡰ûϵ
Сʱ»ȥѧУдȰٺ֮鵽תת
ΪͨﷱΪǵ˵ΣȻҲǵһῴͼ
ʷǣкܶξ㡣
죬ŵͼ߱еÿһ䣬ֱѧСǲظˣסѧУᡣ
÷ﷱҲڼʼǵȫ֮á
һºDNAļڴӺ⴫ˡ
⣬ǸûѪԵϵҲ˵Ǹˡ
ǰѼ߸Է֪ʱ𾪣û뵽һʮĺӾȻѣһˣת
ݽҵк̯ˡտʼкϣֱǷݽɿڡ
±ץȥ֣ôĿġ
ԭ鲻úǰ޾ͷԼˣֻӲģǸġ
Ϊøӣǰʵ˺ܾòЭ
ϧûǾˣӹǰ޸
һŮ˶Դźӹ쳣ాʮŰѺ󣬶ԼҲ;ƿݵĵز
ʱк֪ԭĸں֮ǰһλ顣
֪ݺ󣬸˼ǲ˼ðӵ뷨
ΪֻҪԼһҧܳΪĶӣȴû뵽ȻDNAļ
ãΪ˴лǵİæӾиһ̨¿
öʰӰãֿʼĥǰˡ
һģӱȥգԺͻȻˡ
߳ȥһֻةվЦеؿԼ
ʲôλģɡ
ÿ궼һΣټȻȻ
סĸ첲̬ʮ飬ɩӣϰ£˳㣬˵ֿһ־磿̫бˣ
ôޣƤٺҲò˼΢ЦԷɣҸóԵġ
ةкóԵĺһ뵽б¾ͺԥ
˵ɩӣҸҲԷ鲻զҲûʳ
ˣʵõϲŭ
ţ«έˡ
ɣΪӷϴ
ӴӦˣةһϲȥҸ绰
Ϊڱó죬ϹԴˣҲû̫⽯ǷڼԷ
Ϊ˰ѿдãȥгз±ζзǷļ۸رǰİײ˼ۡ


154 
«έһֱܴ, ʲôҶѳӸø߸ߵġ
߲˺зصʱö֮ݡ
ôȥ, ˿ƳȺܶࡣ
Ϊҵˣʺáڿɲһ, 漴¶һĨЦ, ʹǰûʲô仯
Ƥգۣð, Ҫûʲô¾ͻᡣ
ʵΪطʱûͶ
к, 㳯ķȥ
ʱд, һ۾Ϳ˽
GԭҰʶҽ, ǵĶӡ
Ҳϳ, ΢΢ü:صһĶӻɡ
ةʶ, ʣôʶ
ûʲô, ֻǻصһΡ
ûϸ˵, , Ӷܲ
Щ, Ǽûʲôϵ, Ϣڽة
һƽصͷǺͬĻǵȷǺúӡ
ôϲε, ýةձϽҸˡ
ֻʣӺͽ, һֱС
дյ, ɵú֮ǰﵱ, ǲǺ֣
һƽͷӣһһ⡣
Ӽ״ûǶȥæ
ʱΧŶǽȦȤţˣ뵱ݺʶʱضˡ
ֻܶˡ
㲻𣿡
أҪҡ
оðļ󣬶Ǻתƻ⣬½зǮһȥӦתзȥ
ⶼǺĶٳһͦõġ
ߵվʼժˣ֮ûκιڽ¡
ô˳ԷôҲҪ˸˲СǰϵΧȹ٩䣬ش׵һ죬ˣ
࣬ҰĦС
ÿ˯ǰ˶ῪఴĦģʽһͨҰ֮ײǹ߻
Ļ棬ǲҲŲ㰴
ʲô
ЦЦ񣬶ǵȻԼӻɫϣȵģɣĥˡ
һﴫŨ㣬вɵӣҫ壬Ұɺóˣƽʱˣһǿ˲ģ
ⷬЦȨ˵ġ
һӲ˰ʮַʢ
ةôҲûڴҶӺõس
ڳԷУ֪ԭı岻̫ãԽŻ
һؼҾףַꡣ
ʮ˻ûȢӣıĲŹء
ᵽةֵز̨ǲ֪ҸǳƢÿ׶ܰ׶ſඣһ㶼ϧ񡣡
ôǰ˵Щջ𣬡㶮ƨϧ񣬳ķˡ
ƼɷȻԹԵʳĳΣϰΪˡ
ǵһμȰ˵壬ةֱֻڿ죬һʶ
滰һαЦˣ:⺢ӵû
֮һƬЦноԼλͶԵſڣ壬пճ氡
ţáüһֱȾЦ⣬ɨһվڲԶĶǣȻ뿪
Ӱһп򱡴û˵
ҹ˰Ħָļÿһµǡô
˵λһ
ûѻ˵꣬˺ȻһתѼ/¡

ض׹ֻ䣬ȻǸ̳ӡ
Ĵ
һӣͷʵ÷飬鵽˵ıδϡ
ʱƣСǽӦ˴ѧ
ͬһҵŮϺ˺ܶʶ
ĩϢʱСǻŸСȥܼĵطڵ̯˶ΪֻǸҾͨŮ
Ϊ֪û߲ʣ׷ܶ࣬УУⶼУš
죬һ۾ͬѧվ¥´ʫ裬һ¥ߵǿӲ̬ȡ
СǷͷͬ޵ŮǱԹѾ˵Ҳʮ꣬ǲ
ΪȫСãСǱһȺǳţһŮһˮ򿪴¥´󺰵ٲߣСร
סڶ¥ۼһˮҪϽˣ֮ǰСٴα׵ѩͬѧϲ㣡һģ
Ļ䣬һֻЬӴз˳һϣŵܵøˡ
ֻЬСһʱԳȥģֻٰܵ߳
ͬʱһ·ҪЬһ𣬡𶯣ҵЬ
̧ۣڿСʱ˼롣
СЬйǰкֻһ۱ϳǻϼƷꡣ
G㰡ϴ˵֣ҽѩܸʶ㡣
кֻűת뿪ˡ
ô䣬СҲûǿЬҡ
ͬ޵ķ뾧ˣæһСոǸԶֻõŮ̸
˵æЬǸ𣿡
ԣϴŮѶԵǮ׾һС
СԭأһξԼۡ
ô֪ѽǸѧð
æѧϰ׬ǮȻ֪ȫУгÿģĴرࡣ
úܺÿ𣿡СǶ˵ĳûʲôϾСߵԳ඼ס
Сºܿ챻֮ԺЬϴ̣ȻͷóһţԶڹĻ硣
ڴְ¶һ飬ıŨŨϲţΪٹãҪعˣ
ôûҲ֪ʲôˣ
뾧Цôģʵôˣǿ˭дأ
Сٴΰ۵÷ŻŷȻ͵飬Ǽ˼š
ãܴܵдţֻҪ㻨Ǯرᡣ
ŷ뾧²ۣСҿǲԼһø磬һкܶø磡
һºǧ֮«έ
һ糾վڶǰ۵׾Ǽ
ĵѳһװ˰˵Сӣǲ̾ʱ죬Цļ˵ӭ
˻磬СֶҲ«έø߸׳׳ȥۣϳ˺üഺ
С̣ҲܾûˣôӭҰ
תͷݸһۣϴμǽ괺ڰɣҺѾüûˣȻҪԴ
СֶպٺһЦݸүүùģ˵ǳɽõķۣ˶áˣСǱôҶˣ
ᵽŮ۵¶һĨԹҲ⺢ӴϲǣҲ֪ô
ʱȻҪȥϷȥɡ


155 ط
⻰, ˲ǰһ
˳·Ϊһ˻˰ɣϾƽʱͦæġ
˳·óĵطСգһ½ë, ʣʲôҪĶҿ˳Ӵȥ
˳·Ҳûٿ, ȥٻ¥, ͵ȥʱҸ, ллˣ硣
Сֶһ, ʾҲȥϷСǡɻȴӣ:ʵڼҴŰ, ǳ档
Сֶ, ֻա
ڶ, ԼǮһȥٻ¥
ŵϵԽԽ, һҰٻ¥
һĲ, ƷӦо, Ŀ
뵽Ϸʪ, ˮһ·С
˵¥޷, ޷רѡ·, ʽ࣬۸ܹ
Сﶬ˵ô޷ɣ
ǶеĶ첻̫˽⣬޷бҪ, ·ҲҪһûȥ, СǴɫÿǲɫĺÿ
ЩʽͬС, ǮѡǼɫġ
ҲúɫĲ, ڿƱ֮ǰǮ£ϲһҸ򡣸лһѳĿô
ô޷Ǯ¿ɲգæڰֱʾҪ
ִҪָѡһ޷
֮⣬ǻЬëµһЩƷһйﶼðˣǲ⡣
صҺдչЩȳⶼǸСģ
ΪǳԴˣᰲȹϢȥٻ¥Ҳðһװô
жԴⷽûоҲȤĵôණܲõö
Զӵɣסˣֻ򣬵˼һǳ·ҲԼĿõöЩ
죬ֻѡϸ͹ȥ
ɻûȵأȹˡһûĶʾԼá
öر𲻺˼죬⿪ϻ𳵲ϸ䣬ˮ᲻á
ţ֪ˣȥɣѾǶʮĳˣõġ
ڶԶǺӡ
һСѩ󣬱ѴްϷֻҪһпˡ
»ʱǶϱ²ᣬҺڻ޷Ƥпˡ
óеͼҵȥҩƴѧ·Ȼ˹
ʱСǸպͬѧǳԹ緹Ǹ۾ֳϽˡ
߹ʱһûСǵӰ
ò״ʳֱȥͼݣ׼ٻ˯һûΣ˯϶С
ҩƴѧͼݺܴʱѧ￴顣
СܣѲһȦѡڻеͼ顣
ͷ鼮ߣɺʹҴҶķ뾧ײ˸
¥վһ˵ģȥɣ
ΪĸĽߣСǲšüģʲôĸѧУģ֪𣿡
ÿ˧ˣԭѰѹֻ಻ѧУЩ档
ΪԷ̫˧Ҳͼˡ
Ϲ˵Ҳʮ꣬ûءԴϴѧСǷĻҾǸûꡣ
GҲԡ˭Ѿˡ
СҲ벻Է˭ֻܱ鼮ڷ뾧󣬿첽Ůȥ
·ѾˣԷУЩĽߣ͸ԷɫǴӴԺҲԼ
ɫͩ£ֱͦվһ䲢ŷڵϣͬһ塣
İͶĺĿ⣬ΪֱǰѡӶ
С߽ʱ㿴һߴͬȺͦ͸һ׿ʡ
һƤп˴ϣԵ˧ֻûʱû취
ʱ뾧һѣСȥɣ˼ҶˣҪͰ
СǱȿˣк𣿡
תͷĿ֮ʣһĸоڡ
겻ǻǸȴַ˷츲صı仯
СԭأѲ֪Ǻãġ顱·һҪֱ150
ǴɵɵӣΪûϳԼһĨʧӿͷ𴽽ǵǣþò
һΣġþò
ŬƽùʣСǲȷϣǻ磿
ʵģû䣬ֻǱøӳˡ
ôΪȻԤģͻȻǰ
ţǡ
ŮˣҲˡ
뵽ﲻ˵ĵطСҪ쵽Уķݡ
뿪֮ǰǸൽУСҴģ𣿡
Եģңȥɡ
֮£ֻܰݸ
ڴͬʱ¥ŮǶڲݡ
˵Ǹ磬˵ѣһʱ֮۲ݡ
Сǻصʱ򣬱ͬнǵ׷ʡ
ε˵Ҹ磬ѡ
G粻˫̥
׸硣
Сǿٷ䣬ڴһ׷ʵʱѸܳᣬǳɹһ١
ܵ΢ɲüôˣʲô
뵽ոЩ٩СǵɫЩ죬ûʲôǿ߰ɣ׼죿
ߡ
СǵĽŲһ٣˲úܵ䣬ôôѽһȥء
Ҫȥʡᣬ´ٹ䡣
Ϊģ뵽ֿԣôһ㡣
ҶĽɫϣᡰšһСǵ˲˴롣
ȻûԶôá
Ϊ˸л·СǴȥԵˮѼ
߽ݣԷ˺ܶ࣬ķζټڴѧÿ綼ⷬ
Сҵһλ£Ҫˣͼλ۾ͬѧͬƤҩһҵ
ǰ¶һܿŵıʹѩͬѧƭңⲻΪʲôҪϣ
ʱ˿̣СǺ໰ԼϱһˣŻ񲡣


156 һƬ
۾еܴ, תͷţں﷢ʲô£
СǸͼȻվ, 嵲ǰ棬:, £
һкüʵ, ۾Ϊ棬ոջ߷߲ƽ˲, ԭ׸簡˼Ҹղе㼤ˡ
£ü, ûһ˿øС
ûСﲻ̸, ȰЩ˼ѧϰϡ
Եر, ټ, Ǻܲǵӡ۾ʶ¿ˮ, ֻǵϲѩͬѧ, ûб˼
ϲ, ͱѧϰ, ʮ겻̸
ΧһСǲʮ, һĿ⿴۾С
ı, ԼҺӻû£˶Ķ¡
۾б缸䣬Χ˵˽
Ͽɹ, ۸ߣյͷԸˡ
Ǽûֿɿ, ҲԭλԷ
ֱָ, صϡ
СǼ״, һߵݸһߴ˲ʺƨ㶼֪Ǹжෳˣ磬̫˧ˣ
ҪȥѧУ̸̸ɡ
ҪѧУСæѵһ񲻺õģѧУӦòˡ
ȭͷ
ֻһ
ԣģֲϵɣĿ˶ϲңǿ˰ɣҶˡ
ϸ۲˰βգʲôɣҳʲôС
СĬĬ˿˵һԵĵɫˡ
ΪǶˣ绹ĵĶҪһ׷
СǸʳóԹæס˵Ҳ̫ǳԲôࡣ
˵һ𣬹ȻܵĨһ٣漴ɫسָ֣˵һ˵:ǵ
Сǵעڲ˵ϣ˱ͬˡ
ڵȲ͵ĹУ΢죬һֱŴûСǰŪҲ֪˵Щʲô
δİһֳ̲
һһҵ⣬Ҹղſ˼еרҵ飬ڻǷȤ
ᵽԼȤĶС˫۷ţȻûѡеѧҶȰȻûб䣡
Цһ﷭һеֲᡷŵϡ
ţ뵽ʲôóһϺɫë¡
Ȿ͸㣬ë¡Ҳġ
Сǲ۵׾Ǿϲ͸ҵĻعлл
ҲС
ķӦûЩʴӣҺʱĲ˵ˡѲŲǰʣôãԵʳӦ𣿡
ͦӦģǰְֺĲóԡ
СǸһѼܺ⼸ڹôģ
أԺţ𣿡
ǣżҲв͡Ϊƽʱ̫æǼһٱһ٣ʱҲڵʳĺ⡣
˴ʳĵ«έٴ«έĵеѧԽԽ֮࣬ǰһİкܿʧˡ
Թ緹ͻѧУԼȥд䡣
뵽Ҫ뿪ٽУǰСϴȥ档
Ҳû;ܾˣ´ΰɣһŮӻȥ̫Ӱ첻á
СǱ죬ֻա
ոµëº鼮߽ᣬ˴ҵעĿ
ѩëĶģƯ
Сǰëϱţüʣ㿴Ҵÿǻ͵ģҲϲ
Ŷԭ˧͵ģ۹治
ţҷ׷Լϸڣ˵۾Ҳȥ˷ݣȫһ䡰
Ȱëº鼮ŵϣСֿʼʰĶˮ·С޷Ьó˶¶һ𾪵ı顣
ѩǸʲôİҲ̫ø㻨Ǯ˰ɣ
ͷһ޷ܶµĹʣһͥ᲻ûǮ
Сǰãֻ˵ԼĸҽĸдµģĻû˵
ڶһ磬ȥУͻ뿪
˳ӿ̨ϣ˽ǲᡣ
СǰȺӷŵУ:ϳӵˮٳԣȻصмǵøдš
ãһġӹӣȻСһĳˣҲѧ˹ʽ߶
һĨЦ⣬ͷҲһͨĸ㣬͸ҵ绰֪𣿡
ţ绰ʲôãܴӾܹ
һġ
ޱϣСһ£ܿعֱǱߡ
ϳɣһ𳵿߿ɾ鷳ˡ
˳ǰߣ˵һΣ㣬һҪҴ绰
֪ˣϳɣСǹͷòװ˸ϳ¶һĨʧ䡣
´μֻܵȵ١
𳵻ųǻָֻһĴյ
𳵽нԶһСڵ㣬Сڷ»Ӷĸ첲һɥ̨߳
ϣȫŮѧУ³Ĵ:ͬѧִˣǴһ£ǸԪرǮ
մһ죬¾͸ðBP
С̣仰˲ǰһ
ôû뵽ҪBPأ
ͻ绹мϵͷˣ
֪BPҪǮ𣿡
뾧һĽػشȫҪǧǮʵ̫ˣ˵ЩŮǲǶ˰
СҲ۸ܹۻڵ̯һǧǮѡ
ȻûBP־ɻͷϣҳ͵Ǳеֲᡷ
ϲģʱȻһŲɫƬҳеСɻƬǻ˵ĺӰһʵңڵ˱ȵȻʧɫ
һȺ˵ֻһ̷Ůغվһ𣬿Ǻǿӣ
СǰƬ濴һ飬ĿڻϣһξСʱȫһˡ
«έѩ죬Сͯۼ
÷ﷱ̤Ž׵ѩص˼Ժ
⼸£Ǵߵȥ˺ܶط˲Ƭ
ǿҪˣǻٶһʱ䡣
ǲ֪ǽŵӼƮķζʱɰˡ
裬ǻôûǰ֪ͨҰ
֪ͨɶֲҲҡ
÷ѷ˶˱֮ǰҪӡ
ô𣿡
棬ҺˣȿůˣȥΡˣʱжʱ䡣
ﷱԱ߸ʢ⻰Цɻȥ棬Ҳһѷĸоʲô
ͷɻƱ󣬻ҪнŲҶһɻΣҲѣүܲҲҰҲɻ
ûﷱ衵ͷӦԸ㲻ѧˣ㳤ԺкܶɻĿǰҪѧϰ֪𣿡
Ŷ֪ˡ̾Լô
СϴѧǾˣ
ڷϣСϢ:÷ƽҪǨˡ
Ƭͬ˺üˣǲ֪ҪȵʲôʱȷϢ
СԺͦõģϧˡҿס¥
ԽԽǾûסƽ㣬иԺӣֲʲôġ
꣬ҲѰҺʵķӰһ˾һ
«έôҵʵķԴ̫ס
裬㲻õģһʱܶǨҲҷӣҵˣǰᵽһס
÷Ҳ֪ϵķӲңŮϻοЩ˳Ȼͺã̫ż
ţ֪
ǿƴӦúúõģҹȴֵӳٳٲ˯
Ҫ꣬ҲͲ˯֪û޼ɵ
ӷסϸΪΣеĺԺܰᵽͺˣִֿ
ǰһۣûĻȷʵеǰɣʱһҶл㡣
ԹЦŰᵽУȻôң¾ͽҰɡ
㣿
ţǲǸллң
һ/ͦ˲ɫ죬Ҳ¶ûأ˵ɡ
˵˵Ϣ
ܿ죬ﴫߺ͵
Դ˷ɻΣÿ춼˼öʲôѧѧʲôרҵԺʲôɻ
ҲԱתһ־Ѷ̫
뵽˿йߺ͸̻ȻԼǿϡ
Ŀϣкã
һӣЩôˣ
ΪõѣҲûţ˵յͬʱֺܺ棬Ժʲô밡Ҫʵʵ˵Ц
ðſھֻҪʦʲôרҵѧ
вĵؼ:ûرϲרҵ
ʱûУԺٸ㡣
аɡ
ò׳棬˲糯ѵȥ
ѵи񶷱ܶĽԺĺǼˣڳһҰѵλá
ʼ𣿡
ûأƻҪȼӡ
ҵ˷ܣѵϵʿһ࣬ȻֻǸֱȻԴ
ܿ죬ʽʼˡ
ϳǽһʿ
ĶֻһɫıģʵĴͷ⡣
һϳæһͣ
ͬʱҲע⵽֣Ǵк
״ܺʣʶס
ȷʵףҲѵ룬ǿ׼񶷼
ΧΪźʮѪ
кȻãУЧͦ
󣬽Ͼ£ϻһë߹ʣǲѧϰôˣ
˵б͹ˣղŵ˧
еĿޣЦòãѾˣ˵ȹֻܵˡ߰ɣǳ緹
кһгԵģȫԹԸʳõķȥ
ѩ·ߣʳóԷ˺٣ɫҲû֮ǰࡣ
һȦҪ׷
ȷ󣬼гԵر̲ס٩ԣɳԷľͷһ㶼֡
Ҹ涼裬Ұ֡ţָԼü˵㿴ûҺ賤ر񡣡
߷װЦ㵱ɶô
ȿȿȡŵûʺã㱻ҭ
Ȼϲ壬ȴûϱ˵ְ֡
˼壬ҲܴӦ㣬ֻҰֵĶӡ
΢΢üô˵
ôҿƽʱҲ
ֻǿʵرƣϱΪ塣
˹ЦûټŪ
ʱڼϴ·
òô°壬ܱ·ֻϴ»ϴֳ飬һ飬жһ顣
ϴɷ·ֿʼʰеķ䣬˳ٰ·ȫŽϴ»
ϴ֮ǰ·Ŀڴһ顣Ǻӳװʯӣ˵Ҫƴһܻأϴ»Ūˡ
ͳ㶵Ķȴû뵽żʯһĻһű۵ֽ
û㿴дʲôŵд̨ϡ
òʱдģۺɫ͸ֽʾϲ㡱ĸ֣˲䲻ˡ
֮ǰ˿деŶ֪ģȴûһô¶ǵĻ
Ҫغӵ˽һ˲ûǷţȴϰµģż
ȵʱͿǺܿĵӡ
ͷ߹ȥʣ裬ôˣ
ûʲôȻϢɣȷúٽ㡣
ҲۣҰɡ
ƽôģһܿģûжͣߴݡ
û취ֻȻңҲǷţȴö
Ǻò׵˷䣬Ҳ߽ȥûǷţɵЩż
ʲô㲻𣿡
û˼Ǿһŷֽ
֮ǰбдĸӣҶ챳ˣһ㶼뿴
û뵽ʱİ
Զ̸ڳ֮ǰԲУ
ʱһȥת۾͵˺١
СǴƯ޷̤˻ؼ֮·
ڻվһȻһƾڼƷĿ֮ʣĬŤͷ˭Ҳû˭
˻𳵣Сóһ߿Ŵķ羰һ裬ʮ⡣
һ˳ĻͬѣǵһײƷʣôѽѵ°˦ˣ
˭֪أСûǻ̫ϲְš
һҹĻ𳵣»ص³˲ͱһ顣
Уʵ̫ˣ
ǵڳվһֱΡӺڿСǵӰ
εĳܺñϡ
ŮֻƵıǼͨ죬⿪ϵڲϵΧŮϡ
ഩСĸðǿ߰ɣ̫үүүأ
ҰֺҸأ
ᵽ̲ס²۵򣬰˼ҲˣȥǸҪ˼һ
С:
ǻصң÷ЦǺǵŵ绰Ͳ졣
СǻˣϽٶִǣǻĵ绰㣡
ԴϴһһֱͨŽûһ绰Сߵ绰ԣ:ǲǳϦܻˣ
ֲ²лһĨʧιҡ
еӲһ˲˵𳵻ȥʲôԵĶ𣿡
һ̣Сǵת磬¿й˻о󸽽ǼҸ㣬Щ㶼ܴ𣿡
ܣû⡣
л˵
Ϊ岻ˣǸ


157 С
Ӻ, СüЦعҵ绰Ȼ÷˵ѣ˵, ô
аոջ绹ڵ绰߶أȻ뵽һȥˡ
˵Ĳģ
÷ÿ, æȥˮ, ʱӳдˡ
Ů˲, ŷ⡣
ְ֣Сſֱܹȥ, ЦݣһѱסŮ, о⺢Ӻֳˡ
һԿ, Ҳ뱧, ڸ׵һҶ
˭ַأ
СǼһ, æɿ׵Ļ, תĸ첲, , Ҳ, ü, ߣǽҸ
˵ţ˸ٴγиϽˡ
ص, ̾лл, û, һðһ
С, ӱ﷭һ[Ϻ]ݵϣ԰ɣѹѹ
пϺʣҵ
ȻǣԲԣԾͻҡ˵ţСҪϺҺеĶûóѡ
ûԹ⣬ó𣿡
Ȼóԣ򿪳
ֱŲῪС򿪰װ˲һɺʵ
ӣóһ
ãóԣΪɶǵûģ
һ̣رĽСϴѧԳԵܶûеʳ
СҲóһϺ߳Ա˵ԺǵҲеģû׼´λˡ
˳ʳ
뵽ԼǸոѿ룬һصؿĶߣС˵:һܣ㲻ܸ߱ˡ
߶߶ӣС￩һ£㲻˰ɣ
ǸֱУĿԼ
ϵʲôţҲŲ
㼤ʲôѽٸҴ£ҾͲˡ
÷ƢˣҴˣǻǼ˵ܰɡԺ뿼Ƽѧ
ƴ󣿡СǺܾȣû뵽е뾹Ȼ
ѧѿģҪŬУٲܳȥ档
ţһŬģΪ˱ģдҵһαСǰæص㡣
ůķΧд̨ǰһ˵һǣʮǢ
ǶŹ߽ʱǡɿһĻĬĬѹ̷ŵһߣûҴѧϰ
߳䣬˳ȥӡ
֪۶ӿʼúѧϰˣ̫ˣ
ֻǷĶ򣬲ûֵ̫㻹Ƕ۲켸ٸ˰ɣһִԭô죿
죬˵ɥҲϣ
«έƮѩ
ŴСؼҴšС˸߲ҵܳš
ȿ˺۵ڲסļ磬µһ㣡
ѩУŮֻһɫë£ĵСһ
Լѡë£һ޵ͷ
ڵƲĶ˵㰮Եĸ㣬䣬ǿȥɡ
СΪ˸ţû׾ܳˣôһ˵ź֪䣬żϽܡ
°ϡ
͸СǵľСԣΪ˴
÷յһë磬ֵͬʱЦǺǵʣȹ꣬25˰ɣھдû󰡣ûкʵģѰһ
ᵽ£е㷢壬ʱûдĴ㡣
ҲܹĻ£25ѾСˣίʵûϲͰСֶն֪ϲһЦѵĹ
һ˲û˵Ȼ
ΪΧСǺȻ廰:裬ǻбأȲ
˵ţקеĸ첲ߣǿ˼Ҳû
ӺůķĴǰ۾һ
ˮƽޣģ´ѽڸԵͻأ
СŬҳǱеֲᡷݸ磬һƬһֱ뻹㣬šƬĵò˧
ӹ飬ʲôƬ
ҳܿҵƬôģ86ʥյģǶҵͬѧ
ĽͣСû̫⣬ĬָƬϵŮʣʵֻһŮرʧ
ĿͣƬЦһ:ǵģʵΨһŮһ
ѵÿһˣСĪе㲻Ϊʲô벻ס
ŶƬûȥɣŪˡ
ţáûע⵽ķƬִ˿㶵
СǱʹڹ£ʱеĶȻһ̶æס䣬޿ˡ
磬Ҿȥְ֣߰
вɹֹסҲǵĻȻֹ
Թд̨ǰûҲڣһ𸨵ѧϰɣҽϹƴһᱨǵģ
ǵһ˵ԶĿֺ֮꣬οԱ˵ɣڻؾ֮ǰ㲹ΣȡʱѸһ֪ʶѧ͸
лл磡̫ΰˣԺһ׸磡
䴵ȻĳЩ滹Ƶġ
ÿǰϦǶٰһᡣ
ҪΪһŬԱ⻹δһĹš
ʱг齱еԱ˵س鵽ʵ磬ÿһ죬Ҷر˷ܡ
ٰصڵ½ĻǺǮ¸ϵʱѾʼСϷ
ۼ⣬æųǮˣǶˣ
ɣǹڣûôིЦем䣬һӶûС
촩һɫëش£һơɫ֯ȹԵر
еԱôƯ㿪ʼ˲ʺƨ
׻˵ǧƨԾǸˣЩ޺ãΪΪĻһ:ɴѡĻһÿ߶ܵõԪ
Ȥð࣬ƽʱҵѧϰͷǺ㣬μӵҲ̫ࡣ
нúܶ˺ڲѡ
ҪЧֻŻࡣ
ϣԱֹڹŬҲҪԼȤȻΧɷתû
ܿ죬˸ֱûڣȻǮ֣Ƕȥͼ徻
޺ƣʰرÿʱһֶֻŲ豭ٵǰë裬ġ
ǵ˳Ų豭ƣͼһʮЦͦ塣
ллɡǶ˺ӡ󣬸ܺĲ衣
һ䵭ҽܵ۲ԱܽʲôҪ£ֻܷԸҡ
ϬضĿʣʲôԸ㣿
ʱ˿̣رȱ۵ǰɿįĸ˰ɣ
ҪСҲܰôҲҪֵĲУ
л˵
кŶ


158 1991
˾ڶϵǿ, ʶ¿ˮ
ƽʱƽŮһĸϻ
ΪԺкӹܽס˵ø¶, ǹʱҡ
ϸü, û, ȫüˣȱ˶ʲôƣ߶С˵ֻΪ˭
˱ɫת, վԭسû
ǴվҸһЩаֶ, ̤ʵزܻóɹΪ֮ɡ
˵, ͷҲص콱̨, ûٸԷ
ܽǾıӰ, ʶԼҴʸˡ
֮, ￪, ׶Ǹǵ
βû֪, Ҳᡣ˳Ϧ, Ǻüһ, ӺŮҲڳϦǰһϻˡ
ַǳ, ÷óֽϣﷱд
ﷱֻд֣ȫСд
аëʽС, ԼǹѵǴ֮ãСҲѧƽ, ڴܴ, ⡣
ƽӹëʱ˰, ӸĻ硣
磺
Ĭһ˲ѵֻǿˣдʡ
Ϊ˲ڴǰ׳ͬԵģдɣ
ۼҪĿģСǸϽ߹ȥΪĥī
磬֪дƯ㲻идҸóԵġ

ʣĥǫ̃պī֭ɷд
Сվһԣ۵¶һĨ֮ɫ
ԶԶһĻקקǵ½ǣСʣСǣûû統ŮҸоվһر䡣
תͷϾ𾪡
ǹʮ꣬Щǲ̫ˣ
ںʮԺŮ˱ȱȽǣǲ̫ϣŮ粽ôҲҪ漸˵
ңСĺӣʵڿ֮С޲µ⻹һָڣ
ôӦûټ⡣
Ǻܿӡ
ʱ䣬һ𿴴ᣬװȻСǵʣЩ˭˧
С˵һǵ֣ûвʲô
˵Ǻͻûа֮ڷġ
ڶһźȥйᡣ
Դĸ￪źÿһᶼ֡
СǺͻ粢һ⿴ƣ۵׾档
һСĿһȣͦģǮ
пС̲ס²۵:һ㶼óԣ
Сǰһۣ̯λһ˽һͬ˿͸ɣҾ㻹ͦġ
ֻ̬˽䣬ͷԼǿڱͲϹ˵ˡ
״ǲԾعһĨǳЦ
̯Աһ̯λϥġСһԶѡף׼͸λˡ
һ򲻹ŮôѣǻԼ׬Ǯô໤ϥ⺢ӻͦТ˳
״ʣѵķʪַˣ
ûУǵ̫ʪˣֻδȻģгʪĶöá
Ļ¶һĨ֮ɫ漴˵оһֳʪֻ׶ΣƻҪܾòܰо
С꾫һ˲Ȥ̫ˣܲܺһо
뵽ֻҵమòڻܣˬӦˡ
Ȼؾ֮Ұͼĸ㡣
ţõģ
Сǵһ鱾Ӵеѧ˷ܵ˶ûô
һţҲܸȤоʪʱҽܶ⡣
ȱѿԹҪ֧о
Сһϲ֣˽ǵĻãҰˡ
ŮĽǲ̾Ȼһĺӣǿ
һԼ̫ˡ
ǹ˷ܵԭҹСʧˡ
ȥ˯žóǱеֲᡷ߿˼ԭЩڳʪ
ÿһ½ڶûƬǩȻдһµĹۺУƬԭ˺üŷӦ
ܣ˰ҲûҵʵĶǩ˼κóֽͱʻһ衣
ѻõóƬСŽˡ
һﻭıʷѻϹյΩΩФ
壬Ҫ뿪«έԹλ
ڻ֮ǰСǽ˳뵽ʹڼС̵ơ
ڼԺĲٳϣ˭ûȿڡ
һСʵҳҪ𣿡
š
˵ţӿ㶵ͳһBPݹȥ֮ǰҪģڸȥðɡ
BPǺɫģ¡
Сǳɵؿûӣңʲô
һ㡣
һۼ۶ԪСͫ׵𡭡
Щ׬ôǮ𣿣
ţҲǺܶࡣǫصͷֻǮиԻȥǮûʲô
һ̣СǺǳζͬǰڵ̯Ҳ̫˰ɣ
˰ڵ̯ǲǻбĸҵ
̧ͷѵߵġƱ˻ȥ
̫Сʺϳɡ
ûУǿ̯µġ
뵽ǽ20׬ǮģСĻ
ж̯ˣһ죬ҲܿԼŬ׬Ǯ
ڴͬʱ
ڼԺĺߣӴŶһƬլ
ط泯󺣺֣廷ʮ
һȦΧѣ֮ǰ̫ķӣ
ļ򣬴լǱߣ͵һ֪кüӶһ£ĸСĸĳһģⲻͽ𣿡
ǰŵģ
ţҿˣĳɴԺû⡣
⼸ӵʮ֮ǰṆ̀Ҳû
ϵûѷˣһ뵽Ժ󲻻عͬˡ
ԽԽǿ⼸ӵĸ֣ĳɹܺá
ⷿҪǮ̫Ļǿٵȵȡ
뵽򷿵ӻᱻĥæ˵:ٵˣļ۸ܺò̹
̧βȻ˿ڲķн顣
л˵
кŶ


159 
з䶼һ, վԺŴң󺣣Ұѵġ
԰⼸Ӵɶĺ
ô𣿡
ţǾͷϵһ°ɡ
Ϊ˱ʾл, żһǡ
˵ü˲ȾЦ⣬ʳָ㱡ǡ
ǰһ, ѡٴĴ
ڿտžĺ, ӵһ໥ȡů
һڲٳϣСǽӹBP, Ȼֵ̫ҲܰҪȻԶּҺˡ
ּǶǲ̫, װ֪һ۸񣬳ɹBP
СǵͷŪµֵı, ֡
, ִӰóһֽ, ֻBP, ¾͸Ҵ绰, ʱܽӡ
, õģС̧ͷӹֽ, ٰBPƵطŽ, ȻִóһֽƬݸ, ѧĻ滭šҰ͸㡣
ɻؽӹֽƬֻͨС˲վһ, ̬졣
ûʲôСǰͷչȥ͵ڿ֡, , С˷ֱ㡢һֶոǡ
Ľͻǿ, ΨһŮӦкֵĺֶգУرԵǰšʣñѧװģӦǰ
ǰڵ̯
С˶ңָǸЩȷ
ѽǲǺ񣿣СЦӯӯһ޵ģ
һ˲ΥĿȷʵͦġ
û뵽Լ󡭡
Ϊʲôûʵӣ
ûۿʵӣ
뵽֮ǰʵƬСǾûԼץסľ衣
ţлл
˰üͷͷһϢŲȾ˺Ρ
صңСǻڰŲ̄BPԼĴ߸֪
ǵ̨֪BPԭǻʱﲻɵÿһ¡
ôĶ͸ˣ
Ȼǣһġ
ģ
İƭ
Ůɫвκ飬ǿŸ߸˵ء
صóһӵݸСǣͻʱҰ־վ콱̨ϵҪһС
СǴ򿪴ӿһۣһ[Ƥ]Ƶװ
ͬŮ˵ӵװҪǧԪ
Ǽʣ裬ûô·
ͷЦúܴȰ񽱣Ҳ򡣡
Сؾ죬ȴ
ڶ죬յװʱжմӵ֣˵ллС̣´콱һᴩȥ
ţʱǵƬҿһû콱ء
ãһġ
̨һη룬´μҲҪȵĳϦ
ʱһȥ«έٴӭ˰ٻŵļڡ
Ϊ˷ܶĿ꣬Դӿѧ֮ÿ˳ܾǶ飬رɡ
ö൱ȣֹӶ𾪡
һʱĶСҲȴǰһȦ˲˧г
λںߵ׷Ҳˡ
һͼĸԺӴͨ·ǷӣֳЧһ߱
·֮ǰйزŴкõ׼ſʼ
ʱ÷·Ҳȥȡ
ӱƵһשгڴ
Լɣ㿪Сļ￪
¶ʱûͶ˵Ⱥﷱġ
ﷱ֮ҲǸвסԸһļϣ׼ɵʲôĵʱ䡣
ĳϣһݣ÷Ĵߴ£ﷱ뿪С뷨
öǺ⣬ǲҪôҪС
ﷱ˵̫÷һ͵:ʲôʱȥҲõˡ
ǿ͸ǵ뷨ŻСڣȥĶ棬ﶼģȰôͷ
ʱҲһԸ͵С˵öԣ俪С߶࿴
ĸ¶һ˿ԥ˼һת⣬֣־뿪רĿǰרߣҿͦʣıʲмʶεͬʱְܼдӣô
Сﷱ衸дӣ÷һ
÷룬ҲǺûʲô£
ܸʲôǵͥ
СǣҲ谲Ÿ£Ǹרȱɶģ
һģЦɣۣÿڽĿḽеۣ
÷ֵģæͷӦ:УԻúøɣ
û죬ڱż򵥵ҳˣҪȥĵطɣ֮ǰ÷б֤Ȼһţɡ
ʱдѧУ԰
СȫŮΧסһĵλ㣬ûƭǣҰҽȷʵдµģʡˣû׼дء
û˵[Դ][֪]־ҿİ̫ʧˡ
СǷͷǺǸߣҲΣ
Ҵ˻ҳѼô
Ůһۣɹջˡ
뾧촽ǿ˵аɣǾԭһأԺƭˡ
òװ˺ˣСǸϽȴھ߰ɣȥпûλá
У߰ɣһҪѩͬѧͿǮУ
ǼŮ֣Ц߳ѧУ
ͬʱļСǵʵݡ
һпûŮҲڵ̯˵ͼɶأ
ͼɶ£˼ΪǮ
ʱһļЦ˵·ֺԿһѩҿɱǮˣҲƯ
תͷؿ˵ÿ˵ͱ졣
뵽ԷܲҪǹɾڨڨһЦջ֡
״ȫԹԱ졣
ҲȥУѼӵģСǼ¥ϣһ¥Ҹλ
ʱ˿̣¥ϡ
뾧СգգۣʵǸʵĺӣҪһ飬λ÷ĸ絽״ûҶײü㷢ˣھеĶ
ᵽСǺҲԩҺҪۣǶʲôأ
Ҳ°ⲻìܡ
Ҳͷ԰ôõȥĶң
㣬ȵһͰ£зˮ
ѩԵģҲҲϲ㣡
С˫סЩԽ˵Խס
Ӷǿк׬ǮǸ񾭻ûأȵҲҪʮʮԺ󡭡
л˵
ps:١֡1993꣬ǰʱ䡣
кŶ



160 
ڴ۵ʱ, ȻһλƳɫһǺȶˡ
뾧ϳԷѧУˣΪ׷, üСǵ
Gⲻѩ¥أҴȥһ¥ȱơô
־ƹ˼Ķ, СǺѧҲľٶ
ӷ뾧Դ, 澯:ԵͦãȰ㻹ǸϿ¥ȥһǰɡ
ϧ, ԷûʲôƷҲ˻ӲվԭŲߡ
ŮôԺҾ͹ɩˣ
СǺ, ˣ˭
ֻ뾧ûǸС
ĻشҲ, ô, ˵˭СأǶصӺ, ŲС
Ĵɤúܶ˴չΧ, СǷü, Žһû
Ҳͬ顣
㵽û, ٲ, ҾͽķԱˡ
ʱ, , ȻץСǵ·Ҽ״Ͻ뾧ǰסĸ첲ŭҪҶҾͱ
ľһ˵ô, һӷ뾧ͱһƵԱߡ
СǼҶ֣ȭͷ˹ȥ
ں޷֮, ʵʵһȭ
ź׵˼㾹ȻҴңҰֶûң
СǾֱһȭ, ҽֺúýѵһ£
, ˱Ѫ
˿һĻȫԭءû뵽ƽʱӣȻṦ
¥ô󶯾ܿ˹Ա¥³Է
ҼñҲʮ𾪣СǣлһĨӡ
磬ңҪҪѧУסӺգѾ˴롣
׽ŮߣȶƷ뾧ģ֤ˣ棡
ˣקסٽȻС˵ľƷ̫ã˵䱧Ǹ
Ǹ˰ɣ´ٸǣһСʹ޴Ůˣ¶Է״̬ҲУ
˫ŭӣ˶촽ʲôҲû˵קˡ
ߺСæʷ뾧û˵
뾧ûл˺һż˵:ѩ̫ˣôṦ򰡣
ЦСĬĬ˿Һ͸Сѧϰɢ͸ԸֻС˼ллոôҡ
ĸл뾧˼ذڰ֣ʲôûϣҪлңҹô
ŮҲ˵ѩҲѧ򣡡
ôȤСǺԥشӦˣãֻҪǲУ
ڶ磬û뵽:СǱȥ˰칫ҡ
챻СѧУٱСǵĴΪ
ɹѧУע⣬Уȼҳٸ账֡
ǽӵѧУǱߵĵ绰˶µġ
û뵽ƽʱɵŮȻѧУˣ
صңӼһʧǵӣɻʵôˣ
ɷ򣬶һ˲ۿ΢죬ŮһˣҺҪȥС
Ӿһ˲Ҳû뵽Ůôûˣ
ǵûУ˼ȭԷ޻֮
˽üͷչģһȥ
У㹤ô죿күүô죿
٣күүչ˲µġ
ԥΣջͬˡ
ʱһ죬˿гˡ
Ϊ˲˵ģû˵ȥеԭ
һ·ϣһֱڵ״̬Ůһξ»Ầ¡
ʱڴѧУ԰
СǱסȥ·¶͡
ֲȥʦ״ģҲҪĵǸ
СǱˣģҲ֪ҡ
ûѻ˵꣬ͱСǴˣ˭˵ģҲı䲻ұҼҳʵ˷ѿˮСѾƽˣȻȾǳ£趼Ȳ
ͷӣƿԡ
ǵһμʶôŮܴܣƤҲ
󣬶Ǻӷ糾ҩƴѧСʱǵ۾ֺˣŮôǸ鷳𣿡
ʱ˿̣СҲܼѽĻû£ŲҼ鷳ء
ô˵ǳ׷ˡ
ȥ˷·ϵʱ䣬ֻд졣
Ϊ˾⣬ǵȥ쵼칫ҡ
ɳϣĽѧУ쵼ѵ˭ûд
ֱ쵼ѻ˵ˣǲЦؿڣ£ҼѩȷҲдʲô鶼һСͬѧɧѩƷ뾧Ҳᱻ򡣡
ѧУ쵼һû뵽Է˵ⷬۡ
ǲԵģ˶ѧѧУɻҪҪˣ˵ȥĶ֤Сͬѧȶ֣ǼŮɲ֤
겻ŭЦʵ뷨˵ȷԣҪΪʲôˣѵǼŮⰤ𣿻УҪ֤ݺܼ򵥣ǼҷݵĿ˺͹Ա֤ҾͲţôˣûһ֤ܳ
ѧУ쵼ͷһڻЭ:УֻҪҵ֤ݣҾͳѩͬѧĴ֡
ãģһһ֤ݡ
ڴͬʱУ԰Ǻӵĵ۷׷ס
ǺСͬ޵ŮǶ˷ܣǿûѩİ賤̫ÿˣѹôƯأ
Gǿѩȹû̫ˡҲ򣡡
ۡһڶô㣬ǲҲ˧
뾧ðۣҪѩɩӣǶ
ֱСǻصᣬǵ۲ŵͣͷɥģҶΪ档
ôˣѵѧУ쵼Ҫ㴦֣
СصͷţѧУ쵼ǳʾ֤ݣء
ǰһҰɣû׼˶󣬺ܿҵõ
С̾ÿ˶ʾл
У԰⣬ǺͣȥѰ֤ڵڶ¥£Աֻ˽β֪ʲô
ңҲǵõڶ¥ԷĿ˳ʲô
صĴǿѹĵķ꣬ʼ
ֽдһݹ棬õͬڷſڣһʱ䣬кü˵ԼСɧˡ
л˵
кŶ


161 ַ˯
ԼĿ֤, λǵڶ¥ԷĿˣСǶɿй̡
û뵽ڴѧҲʵӵ, ʱòȥˣԸȥѧУ֤
Ƕʿѧ, ҲͲҪ˼ʲôǶǱʾԵøл, ڶȥѧУ칫ҡ
ѧУ쵼˱һ
ѩĸףʲô˼
ǻһЦģ, ǫ̬ȿ޺֤֤Ѿҵ, еԷġ˼٣ҪҪľ
˵֤뵽ǰ, 쵼ڵһ, ʼѯľ
һ, ¶һĨ֮ɫ, 칫ϵˮ, һˮ˵Ѿ˽, ᳷ѩͬѧĴ, ˻ǲ, ҳĿҪúýС
һ仰ֻΪһһ, ûǻ⼸ߵ쵼ǰ
Ѱ֤˵ĹУ⼸λң˵ǿϵƬϳСǶСУܶŹɧŮ, ΪУǲǸùܹܣһ£ʱѧУҲѲΡ
СżеǮ, Уֺ, Ҳûʲô
˭뵽, ԭ˼УһֱûţҩƴѧҲΪ
У쵼У˰СҪʡ
ʮӺСվڰ칫ңѾˡ
ƽʱûôӣֻкƲŻǣôָҲûй
ʦԲԺԲȾˣϣʦٸһλᡣ
˵ţתԶǺӾϹǸѩĸĸɣ˵Ǹ
ˣҲᱻĳ򶯣ֻƳһۣԺٸŮһԲ˶ߡ
ɲһƹô󳹴
ǶСĴ⣬Ƕɳû뿪
ѧУ쵼״˵ѩĸûʲô¿Իȥˡ
ǹ¶״СɧŮͬѧͼŹͬѧѧУǲӦøһĴ𸴰ʲôûУôúĶ飿
ʣУ쵼ǿһĨЦģдģҪУ֮н
ִھҪ
Ůʮ꣬Ǹδ꣬һ¸ʲôӰô죿ڲҽˡ
⡭У쵼ͷð麹ֻȥͬ
ܿ죬ҪĽ:СƺɧŮͬѧΥѧУɱһ
õ𰸺Ҳûٶ
ѧУȥ˯һȥСǺͬŮһԷ
Ϊ˸лЩŮСǵչˣķ궩һǡ
ӵŵĻµĲȣΪ֮𾪡ƽʱߴߴļڶǰ
Ȳ˶ˣǾٱл⣬ŮǼ״Ҳ׷׾ϻл
һֱŲԣûһǺҸɾ뿪ˡ
ûдڣŮһĸղŵľнظ̾ѩ̫ǿˣǸ˵
ѽ뿴ǳÿȵǶÿ
ˣһͯáŮûѻ˵꣬Ȼʶʲô̾г˫̥ĸɣ
СǿķӦֺЦǵģҸ磬ڳˣûСʱɰˡ
ţҾȻǼסͬһᣡСʱҿϲǸȱ۶кأ
ʲôȱ۶к
ǡɫÿسǿ׳ǺӣУͷģʱָſ·أ
С׹˵˭뵽Լ⣬һֶոˡ
ʵʵͦģûôȱ۶
ϧûţΪӫĻʵ̫ˡ
ȴҳԵþ㷹󣬶ǺҲպûˣ˸ȥˣǺЩŮһһ
С˯ݣѴ֮͸ĸȥδ
ųҹС̽ϴλûȥ𣿡
Сǵһ˿źûУ˵ϻ̫Ӱ첻ãǾûȥ
ǶĴ𰸺⡣
ǵЦӵע⡣ô꣬¶Էһ΢仯ҲԾ
Ůڣûʡ
кɫĽǹҹ뵽츸ĸҪˣСסǵĸ첲¶ŨŨĲᡣ
裬ٻһأھ͸ؼҡ
ͷⶺŪ:ҲУҪҸ٣
Сգգ۾̫ˣһһ°ɡ
һǵĶԻɵЦȻ·ڴͳһƬݸŮСٸ㣬ʹ绰ǣ֪𣿡
СǽӹƬĳλַ͵绰ƬŽӦ»绰ģǷİɡ
ڶ죬ѸĸߺŻѧУ
սҾͱУ쵼ȥ˰칫ңΪԷҪˣСǲԴ
У쵼ɳϣЦǺǵ:ͬѧ㸸ĸĻǳԶٱ㷹
û뵽Է˵ֻСεĸо
ǽѾؼˣʲô𣿡
ؼ˰У쵼¶һĨʧܺûһ֪Էݡ
ǸӵԪʲôˣ
Ҹүү£
ԭǡУ쵼¶һĨϧûʲôرϣлȥ磬һȥ԰ݷá
ӵԪҽҩĴҲǽŵ֪λ˺ѩĸ׵Ĺϵ
Сһ㶼ȥңǸϽ˵һпΣû£ȳȥˡ
ȥɣСٸ鷳͸˵
ţʦټ
ò״Ӱ칫ӳСǳһûȥ
ʱ˿̣ڻ«έ·ϡ
ӳ˼һ˲ɻ󣬡ǲǺܽǺͻһ𣿡
Ǿתͷ˵ĶҲ˵⡭֮ǰС벻û統ŮҲŻ˼롣
㲻Ů
ǵģֻǾǲʮ꣬е硣
֣סû
öǺ⣬Ϊʲô˵˼ҵְֵһ㶼ϲŮ֡
𣿡˱Ц漴ĳŮʮ꣬ѾʮˣһӣǾҪһ°ǿųģ㲻Ǹܺõѡ𣿡
ͷ룬Ȼɷ˵ҲԣǺ̸ߣԸȴᣬǵŮȷѡ
Ӳء
㲻𣿡
ãһȽϳأٽҲǫãⲻͦõ𣿡
ֵֹܾģְⷬһ飬˲׹
ð㾹˵ҽصңҪַ˯


162 
ص, Ӻܺڵһʱڿ죬ΪıӸϳˡ
һĻĬĬ˰뱲, ôͻȻַ˯أѵҪ飿
뵽ֿԣԥС顭ѡְֻǸأ
˺һ, ջѡ, Ϊ̫Ҫ˱
, ƨߵߵȥ־Ǳģ
ӵĺ󣬲㱻Ц, ֪Щ᲻㣡
, ˵, , һ
Ǻεһ, ͵İ, ǲ, ⱲӶ, 㻹ǰѾѧϰϰɡ
ΪɶҪҰַַ˯
ֻ, 
Լ, ͷСֹһ, вٲġ
ǵԲ۾Ƴ칫⣬˵ܼҺ, Ͽؼѧϰɣҹ
ƲƲϽ, ӽԺҲ游ĸˡ
ߺ, »ص칫ǰóֱʺֽʼͷдӡ
һʱŰӡˢ֪һ־ˣһƬܶ˵Ĺע[ĺУ԰ô죿]
ļҳɢӣѧУһССûʲô˺ǵ硣
дƪµּѸλҳҲеССֻԼҺӴĥ˺˺Ҳһ
ͬʱѧУʦҲõ˵ΣΪȡģ
˼ʵӣȻǻ绹ǴзСǵ
ΪȷĲ²⣬СǷȥ
ʱû־ϵƪ£ֵúͬѧǳȥ档
ȵʾĺʱѾСʱԺ
æҵĵ绰ͤͨ˻ֻš
ཡ󣬶洫˵ͳ
Сһ߰Ūŵ绰һʵ:ôпմ绰ѵǳʪнչˣ
ûشʣѧУ۸ˣ
ûа˭۸ѽ֮ǰ£СûҪ
Ȼģ˵ʵɣС̶ˡ
СǲֻʵһУĩ˻մմϲ㶼֪жֻȭͰıӴѪˣ
һ˼˵ȥУʲô
СԭأЩţ𣿿û¡
ǣȥ
ŶֻǹɽӸߴһ
ûʲôԵģкܶóԵġ
ţ
ã

ȹ˵绰Сǲź֪뵽:Ӿ𳵵Ҫһҹ桭
ֻһȥͬѧˡ
ܿ죬ǵһɷƵҩƴѧ˸飬ҶУ԰£Ҳǵһ˵ԭԼͬѧ۸ǽУ԰
ͬʱλУ쵼Ҳƪ£Ϊɫ
ŭԣСǵ̬Ȼɫ
ڶ
Сƽ¿ߣû߽ԶԶһͦεСվر˧
Сܹȥܵǰżɲ
ô͵ѽҪȵ𣿡
Ϊ˷ܣ˵ģһƻ
ϸ۲һȦſڣû˵
С˼һת˼ůû£ǶԷ¡㻹ûشأô쵽
û£¶һĨЦݣǷɻ
оԺǮĽ
ӣûʵƱԼǮġ
߰ɣȥԷ
á
˲߳У԰ɲٴС
ԴӱǹСһֱ͵ˣźЩ
ϵûкϡܿϵɫ
ڼСǵɲǣϽ㵽һ㶼
СǰͷյĶС˵ľǸˣ㿴ϻء
ǣ˲
СȻ¶ͷڿ֮ü
СǲЩиɸֱ꣬Уߣ߰ɣҶˡ
ջĿͬʱҲȥϵϬ߳У԰СŸ˵ǲѰ˵ԼС̸أȫƭ˵ġ
ԶȥıӰǿСȻੲݣѿͦҲǸܴܵģԺҵԶ
ʱ޿̺ǳܱܲ죬˵淳
뵽ԷպŮѷ֣С˶촽ûٳ
ԹСȥδһαܾˡ
Ϊ촽еĲֻȥһζѣͲҵԸ𣿾ֻȥһζѣ
㻹С㳤˵ɡ
ҴѧҵˣʱĻл᣿
֤:ҵ֮ǰһȥģòã
ô˵ˣСҲֻͬ⡣ڻѧУ·ϣΧСߺ
ΪһܣԼҪһƿˮ
·ߣСǳζıܣֻôͷŶˬ
ԶĶͷһˮע⵽Ǳ߲һܡ
С󣬶չȻĴָߵıܡ
ܵһĨԴֲڵĴУСؿ°ͣȻһ˿ĴָϣҲſֹ
Ϧ£˶վ˭û˵
ֱĨղ꣬ź֪طָոյΪжôס
æ̧֣һֺֻˮ˹ˡɹĻҡ
СǲԾ¿ˮǿװسıܣȴҲζ
һߣ«έ
Ϊƪ£ǵİ칫϶˶š
ҶУ԰ижÿ˶д¼Լ
һﻹٿǮ˵Ϊ˸лдôõ¡
ûǮǰҽԺľվкܶβزֻܵ
Ǯȥ־Ͽһλߵĸлš
лһܶȾöǾֺ֮Ρ
ûҵڰǮվдһϣҲҪͬʱְѽй¶Ժ;ҽԺվĵ绰д۵λá
л˵


163 
, ǾҪˡ
ԹѼյسϣĶǺǶӡ
񺣾Ѿǵò, װ⡣߳곱ʪװ޲ϺͼҾߵĲźܸߵҪ, Ǻϲʮװ޷, ȺǷżٺ󣬴ǶȥװгԶ
ʱ, ߹ԱߵϣĿת, ֱ顣
л˵
Ů÷żˡ
ţ֪ѽǼСڳ, Ȼ˼ȴӻ
ǲǸûԼסˣ
лһֱַ˯, Ӻ, ÿá
ȥ, ûˡ
ݸһЦ, ̧˵Һһ˯ͦõ, ʱܽ顣
⻰, Ӱִϥϵ˵ҲҪ㽻, үүҺüǲìˣ
̫, 治˯һݡǷϣģҪС, ҪΪԼõ̶ֳȣ
ָϥǣ˼һ˲ط, ò, Ӹȷô
Ƕ, ôз粻ɡ
ٳٲ˵ӽʾ֭˵:ÿ˯ǰٸ̶ȣԶһ˯𣿡
ܲ۰Ͱ͵ӣɿˣаɣȥҰɡ
Ļ䣬˾ȲһӻͻȻڡ
ҴҵıӰ̲סЦ
СŻ𳵻ˡΪ˽ȥлվˣĳվڣһ۾Ϳ˻겻á
ôˣզ㲻ԾأùƽʱǸӴֵѵñϸ
СʶĿ⣬֧֧вԾ̫ˡ
Ǻðɡֻɻ룬㲻˼⡣
߳վ㳡·ģ߳ԱߣСǿ̯λϵıܣͻȻ˶
Լ԰ɣҲȡ
ŶǮһܾýеֵֹġ
ϿʹСҲûǰੲݽѧУļš
ǰеע⣬㵽ôˣǲ˭۸ˣ
ôС̽͵û˸۸ңֻеδҪ
˵ˣҸȷ硣дı﷭һӣӶֱΪȷ硣
ǸСͷһů͵̫Ѩ漣ܶࡣ
صңͼ˴к˷䣬Ǽ״Уôˣ
еδЩ΢
뵽ôõĻȷǸϽȥŮʢ̶
Уôˮ˵꣬ȥ˳
йԹȥˮٰˮȥСǵķ䡣
ã˵
ʱСڿϿ͸Լ콱ƬĺæƬͷ£Ҳšֹͨͨ
ˣһ£
κ´ţɫ򼤶Ρмɫԣǵ˵:ҪȥҽԺɣҲҪġ
ʱǶ̶ˣŮɫͨҲܵģŰɣҰ
ţáСϷ̵鲻ѣ±۽𾦵跢ԼЩС˼
Ϊ˱ӣаˮŵϾͳȥˡ
ֻʣĸŮˣʵоôͷ𣿿̶˰ɡ
Сǽӹ̶˵ллһ̶¶ǣƽˡ
ǲ˶డʵܣȥпҲһ
ʢ̶룬СҡҡͷһϲؼңﶼҺá
ҪӰɣؼҾܻؼңؼǱиҲȽϷ㡣
½ҲԵһͶʡ
򷿣СȤĶ򷿰
ˡ뵽ŮǸСԣⶰ͸
ҾСǴӾתɾϲ
ţȽϤġ
ĸôԼСæͷӦ£裬һúҷӵģ
һԵëմʪһ߰һʵͻоĳʪôˣҪæĵطҪ
ᵽ磬СǷ۵Сٴα죬ûô죬ƻҪ²С
ҪԴϴηֿһֱûϵҸ绰أҲæɡ
ɫͺ죬ǲûп쳣ļ˷䡣
ŮĳѾˣӵĳ񡣶еķţȴ򿪷ź󣬾ͼǳСĸŤӣ欵˺һ沿ʵе۾
ѸҲ쳣࣬ɷȻĳġҹ᲻
һײһף̲סŪ:ҹ˭˵˵¡
һȵͷʾԼֻǳء
˵ܻ꣬طص
߽ݣû
Ǿ͸óˣûʲôԸҪɵģ
һ㶣ĿǰԸֻпϹƴ󣬲ܣʱ˵

룬뵽һ裬ɻ
һԸ͸㡣
һȦû뵽Ը裬һɻ
ô㣬ˬشӦˡ
ɻǸԸҲ18֮ǰٺúɡ
û죬һԶŮȥУȰѾеļװгһȦɻȥʡúǸһ¾
ȵﾩкȻصĺԺȻٿǽȥ
ĺԺյģΪ˻ᶨڹʰȻɾࡣ
ɨסǼӣʵ裬λ߻𣿡
⻰Сǲɵסͬʱ֧䡣
ѽһֶմ˲ٺóԵء
ˣæ˵ȥ绰ͤ绰
СûȥǻԼ䣬뵽Ͼܼ磬ҧ꣬Ȼе
ܿ죬лǣҪҳصĺԺ˽˲˹ݡ
⼸ĺԺΧ仯ܴڵشģ￪˺ü˽˲˹ݡ
ɢ˹ǰԶͿ˻ֵܺһƯ
пǹ̲סȵǲǻ´Ķɣ
⻰һڣӵĿ⡣
Ƕѵ֪ͱϹ˵һԷֶյŮѣ˼˶Σ
Сǵû˵͸ƵģиϽǸҴ˻𣿶һʱǷ
ʱ糯ǿ첽СǺ󣬶΢΢ȾһĨɫ
С̣Ǻþò
ǰı仯Լֲ²⣬Ц˵ȷʵܾûˣ˵ƽʱܶ࣬ôԶҪģ̫ˡ
ʱ˿̬΢ı仯û̧ͷٲȻû̫Ӧ
Ҳûʲôæͦ£Ҳ㣬ҪҲġ
л˵


164 ڴ
һֱѻ統׶Դ, ĲҲûټΪ
ǻˣߣҪնͨһء
ʱСֶմߵǰ, һЦǽԼŮѣ, մ
˵껹˼صͷ, ʮ
òʺãǸһЦѵĹ
Ȳ֪, Ҳû׼ֻСֶոȥԷ, ʱٰѺϡ
˵Ц߽ݣСǹǰ, һʱ֮䲻֪ôԻ硣
, ϲ˵ķԱ
ҷݵɫǴ, Ƕܳ, ûʲôɿڵĶ
, Ա, кСһߡ
֪, СֶյŮλս, ÿȥĽ
иǸ˼ĸû, ϵر棬Ȳ˶ˣűԶ
ڳԷڼ, ǺܹСֶյĹ⡣
ԸǵһҽѧרҵǷ, ֻ˵ƻϲϱ仯졣
̸, СֶձʾԼ, ʿر
ѡ񣬶Ǻֲ֧ף
ŮȴƲ֣뵽ѻҪܲμӹֿͷĸо
СԱߣķӦСοֶոرģԺһгϢģ
23꣬ûСڰοԼɵЦѽû̸
аʱҾʮˣڻ̸Сúദش⡣
Ц̲סŪ:ˣܸ˧ķԱô
ĵ٩ȴ˶෽ע粻ϲüȻֶŮѲ̫ء
ǺܽתӰõ󣬡üʹҲҶ˧ķԱҲУ˭뵱÷ȹزУ
һЦЦر𺩣ʵ̫ˡ
Цʲôأֻ˼Ҵѣװ֮ǰСֶվŮѵЦͦƯģٿȴܲ
ܵãʹŮҲЦ
˶ڿڵһڲЦˡ
ֻǵؿһУû
Թ󣬻ͻĺԺСǻڶԼȻûǰԭ
ʱһҸ绰
ĺԺſڣǼװû˵ķԻ˵һ뿪ȥʡĩֶմŮԸɡ
뵽ٴüãһȥ
ҹСǷȥ˯žְѻƬóȥȻ̾һ
:ԭк˼ҲôѲ¡
ڶ죬Ǵȥ˼װг
ʱгûкĹģû洦ɼװ޹˾
ĶҪȽзḻö࣬ͣͣԵٺö
뵽߳곱ʪѡ˲ױεľҾߡ
װǽ棬ѡ񡰹δסֻˣǺߵķܳùиõװ޲û׼ܽˡ
ǲ֪û齺ᣬֻһҼҹ䡣
żֻù۰
֪ȥֶոˡ
С෴ȵӿɱ𷴳
ã㲻𣿡
۰˵ҪӣҲԺװ޶ҸһҪѧ˲У
жЩȤΪ˵ΨһԣҪʮ־豣á
ôһ룬ǿֱͦ壬Լɱھûôˡ
ʱһǰͣ½Ų¶һĨϲ֮ɫ
ԭѾ齺ˣֻûôձѡ
̴߽ü۸ٰѷӵƽ߸Է֪Ȼͳֽ𽻿
˵ǰںϣҺǳԾϾӾа˵«έǸ󹤳̡
Ķ꣬á
ٹǾҪˣǿɻǲǻȥҪͬţû
ӵͷʼ滮⼸Ļ
һ죬ھ˾˼ҳԷСƽһ졣
ڶ죬СȥҺСһ֡
죬СȥͬͬѧǷһ졣ȥСֶɣͬʱһĩӵ
СֶסڻĺԺ״̬̫á
󣬼⸱ģ̲סʣ磬զˣ˭ˣ
СֶǿЦûɶ£Ǻˡ
ôͷˣû̸Ϊ¶Ӧĸమһأ
Сֶ⡣
ϷϷ
󣬻ӵλòֺʶػܣûСǵӰĴ˲ѹ˻ȥ
̧ͷشк
ͷȻװ:أôû
ѽ⼸춼ˡÿһæ
֪𣿡
֪˵ĩټ
⻰촽תһįسԼķȥ
ΪƽʱĻǺܶ࣬кֶնû쳣
ǵ֪СֶպŮѷֺ󣬾֮ûֵԷ
ĩһ磬ſڣǿŵСǡ
Сֶǵͷ˵⼸ô氡̫ˣ
ôʣС˵ǣ¸ǵݣ˭뵽ôͷˡ
СֶúģָϽˡ
ӰǰȻסСǵȥ·ʳЩĵһ仰ھ⼸Ŀ𣿡
С΢΢һ󱳵Ӱϣͦĵģأæɣ
ǡ
ţ
һ˲ջûܰѻ˵ڣ˵һж̫ˡ
ȥǣѾüˡ
Ҫ˵ľЩ
ţǵġ
СΪʧܿ͵¶һĨǳЦǿȥɣĳֽˣ
Ҫ뿪ʱ򣬻һΰȦӰǰ
ʵ˵ǣܲܵҰꣿ۰ϲϲԼס
СǺҿ˴ڻ֮С
һʱ²׼ĻǲԼǸ˼
һǶඪˣ
ƽ𴽽ǵ:Ҷ˵ʲô㵽׽ȥ
΢΢һ漴ɿ֣ţȥɡ
ΣָֻԭģУֻжڴ
л˵
ps:齺Ǿʮڵģû鵽ﵱ1991аɡ
Ů˼¡1993ʣǰꡣ


165 ʡ
е׶ʻλڽ
ĻƱ糿˵ʮ, ʡƹʻķɻ
һ峿һ͵ĺԺ⡣ֱԺ洫³š
ŵǶ, ô磬æý, 㻹ûԷɣһһߡ
źá߽Ժ, ˵ֶȥû˵ȹЩȥ«έԸ
ʲôѽʧ, Թɣûʲô±𵽴ܡ
һǰһ߽, кСҲʰ
ҵĵԵ쳣˷, ΪϾķɻ
Ϊ˽ʡʱ, Ϊ׼緹ֻǷ, һˮ󵰡
Ȱѷ, Ҳʽˡ
ڸʻ, һ·һЩĽСǰں֧Ŷ, ûκϢ
бǿĻ, 񵥵Ĳ, ÷ǳ˧
Ϊҹ˷ܵû˯þ, ûþ˯ˡֱĿĵأűСǽѡ
˯˯͸ϲϷɻˣ
⻰, ˯оѣ˲;ˣϽ³ٳһɻͿˡ
, СǳϲĹ, İקһ, Ȼӱͳһŷ»ڰ͸㡣
˵꣬Σ±ײ
ӹŷҪͱСֹˣȲҪϷɻٿɡ
ʱкȻﻹţ͵͵Ǹأ
СǵһۣǰסͣϲԴɣ
бס˵ֻܵͷӦˡһԿţ֮಻
ȶǻ뿪ȥ·ϣȲشǸŷ⣬һſƬֱ
Ǽ粢磬ЦޱȲá
ĿתؿһЦݡ
һߣԴеǻ˫۾ûţǿǶʲôر档
ûȥﵭؿ־СҲ˷ܣǱֵûôԣǺܺΪʲôôȻӾͺηɻһ
裬㲻һɵһô죿
ŮĵǣǴ־̧ͷҪԹԱģܷɻġ淢Ļְ־ͷˡ
СǱһЦĵҲȥࡣ
ҰǮȢϱô죿
ֿԣ³֣Ź
ʱǧ«έ
ӽŴ˺ü磬ͷһֱŷɻɵʱ䡣
֪޶ҪʡĹ뿪칫ңһȥ˺߱
ھĶ«έҾʱڹװ޲ϣҲϵ˽װ޹ˡ
⼸žԽԽãǴСӻӣװ޹ҲűýΣʱҵõĹرѡ
ҺǷ޶ڵźܺõһǼ˸ɻ׷Ƶæ
ʱѾʼɻˡ
˼æкԺСôԹˣ
ӰѴ·ˮ͸ֳԵķָңȻЦ˵⸽ûСҸҴˮͳԵĹ
⻰ü˼ȿȫʾл
һںߣĴ󺣺գ޶ĿǰһƬϣ
ͬʱĶƣо̾׳۵ľ
:ɻöá
Сʱת˲ţڷɻĺУ־෢͵̫Ѩ
Ȱȫغæֱ߳Լǲ޻ƮƮȻ
زĳУǴȥұݣȰסĵطźˣŲͨӵĴš
ΪԷܻܿظʮӲŽӵ˵磬ֻ绰ĪеСԸС
ûҽԺ𣿻йҪæ
סеʣǵˣ
ţݶѾҺˣİɡ
޶ȫǿŸ߸ڷ
ʲôʱ
գգ۾ŸյȻҪ湻˲Żȥ
šѧ֮ǰ
˽ͲĬ˺ðβ˵Ҫ뼸ȥǣ
ãչ˺Լ㻹湤ɣʡǻϣĲõġ
ȻǲģӻǴȥʡͷйҪæߵķӺ͹ҲҪտͺΡ
Ҫչ˺Լ
һģҲҪԹ԰ʱԷ
ȵ˹ҵ绰󣬲Զ߹Сʣ裬ҰǲҪ
С˼ǹʵ:ְˣ
һתѵôһأȷˣ𣿡
סЦװһܼ˵:Ըֺ
ֻеı˲¶һȿ޻ѿЦݣ̫ˡ
ǱӶùЦ:ԶôҲ
ļ죬ȥ˺ܶطеķװгöǺС
ÿֵп಻ԣϣְͿԽˡ
ʡҲ[Դ]۴֪ϰԹӲĹԱڳһԴ̬ȣڵõľ¥ǡ
ĹУǶһ˽⣬˵۶½ʱȴ΢΢ü
֪ʲôԭ𣿡
ܺҵԱʾ̫
Ļشöͷһ
ҲֻʱԵģû׼۶ͻָˡ
˵λʡ۴ĸˣؿʣ˵ĵͦɣ۶½أʱʲô𣿡
˱ĵͷȴΪ⡣
⸱ģǱ֪λøûˡ
֮ҳԭҲĻͰѴְŵ̸
һ𾪿ȴû˸Ҷ˵ʲô
󣬾ڶ׼뿪ʱһҵԱСܹĴС˵ϰ壬֪Ϊʲô۶½
öͣ½ŲתΪʲô½
ΪڷǵƷƣǵİװ[Դ]ƣҲܲ࣬[Դ]
ٴαĹΪ˷Ϊµ˲Ϊգ¸ոǼ˲֪ܲɣΪʲôǲ˵
ҵԱЩԥջǽʵ飬Ϊܳ˻ؿۣ˲֨
뵽ĸ˾ԼĹʸɳ𹤳£ǵĵ˲ŭ죬ʱûãֻоҪġ
Ӿ¥«έȥ绰С飬Ȼдȥ绰
ֱкⶼһ飬Ű˯
кСǼɫ̫ãҲҴĹ
ֻĬĬߣŬԱ
󣬶۴Աȫڰ칫ҵȴѯʡ
һ£Ȼңǲôˣ
һһ﹤ҵԱ֣ϰ壬ʡһ[Դ]ƷƣҲһֱƷ۶
Ϊʲôû֣ȥŷ֣ԶʡΪģ
ұò˵۴˼״æվԲϰ壬Ϊ˹׼ҵҲףͨһ£ԭһΰɡ
ǰλУǲɵһЦԭҲУͲˣһʰϽˡ
ɶƾʲô˲˼ڵһ´վ
кСǼ״æ衣
ǳ꣬ƾʲô˵Ϳ
ƾ˶ԷĻؿۣ֤ݣҲʸڷϡ
죬Ƕڲ£ҵȷʵٶȻҲװ˿
֣Ҳҵ֪ɵ¡
⻰˲ûһ档
УɾͲɣҲƵطˡߣһ[Դ]Ʒȡˣ
䣬ǲŭЦĿԴɣ˭Ц󡣡
˶˶촽û˵ʲôŭ뿪
ߺ󣬶ǿˣɫ˵ǶݹҲԸһߣ﹤ҪҵжǿһҪһ£Ǿ˭ϰ壬׬˭Ǯ
صͷûκְֻΪ֪ſڣͬҵҵõĵط
磬һļϵʡļǵͬʱòϰ嵱ȼ֮
Ϊֹ[Դ][Դ][Դ][Դ]ЩֶעƷƣڽ꣬ΪԼҲƷר
Է[Դ]Լ棬ľֿײ
ʣµ¾ͽ㴦ɣһҪȥǺҰϣһ˽Щûɣ
û⣬ͷȥɡ
ȻǸҵԱǶֽ䣬Ȼڵϴһ˫Ůǰ˻ľǡ
еҪСʱǱΪ˱ݣ³ֱݶȥ
ȵݰٺ֮˲ų׷ȫ˯һþ
ڶһ磬ȥվ÷ﷱ衡
²÷»𳵺ϡòˡ
Уôǲѧϰ۵ģֳˣҲһȦѧУʳܺá
ˣûоСԼգ¶һֵӣ֡
÷ɲ˵뷨Сǵգһɲǣ϶ˣֵÿ̬
⻰䣬СǶˣ裬ңû֣
Ǽ״ЦòУʮֻ۵˵ȷˣ쿴磬˵ˡ
С类׻һվԭزû뵽ҲԼˡ
᲻ԼûǰƯˣ
л˵


166 
ص, СԴڷҡ
һϸĸ첲һ׸СôҲ벻ͨ, ΪʲôҶ˵Լ֡
żֻиΪʵİһ, Сʣ, 𣿡
жŮݱ׼û̫ϸµĸ뵽˵ֵÿ, ΥĿ޵ȷֵͦģɰ
õĴ, Сһ˿ϣҲûˣԴ˲ˡ
ӽ쿪ʼһҪʣ̰κʳ
һ, Ǻ͸ĸڷ̸רķ졣
ԴרƳ˵һĿ, ־յܶ, ˵ϲĿ, ǵڳе۱, 续㾦Ϊרɫ١
ﷱóһڵĲݸݸ, Һȥʡ, һûڵس, ̫, ǴȥһΡ
ᵽʡ÷óһӰȫڵĵƬ
㿴, ļ紺пտԺһȥ
ǽӹӰ, ƬûPS, һûоڼӹƬ, ò׵ˮƽãصľɫҲ
˲ݸƬ÷ó˵ص۱
ǰЩպúгмллǵ౼ǳԴзҲǵз«έʲôͬ
ʱ߽䣬һҪȥԷȤ裬ܲȥݶǼҷݣҿƾرʳ
⣬ֻ淹ݵſһֻͮͮļзȷˡ
ðɣԸ
«έĺƷָ࣬ʹҶԵر㣬СǶʱ˼ʵ顣
˰£ǲ̤Ϲ;
ʱӻΪװ޶æµţˮӦӵҪ˵ů
еĵطûů˶֪ůΪ
ھУкüط˵ů
Ϊ˰ůڼ֮ǰд˺ü绰ϵоԺĿԱæ˵ů⡣
ǻصʱӵĵůѾˡ
Źĸĸ޶İ
ǵҵһ¾Ǹ
⡫㿴ô
һɳ̲㣬۷ʮ㡣
ӿֱüֲ˵á
ȥԣơ
ǿӹ·ԥһ˲˵Ҫٻɡ
Ϊʲôھ뿴֪˼Ȼ˼ضŪš
бȻԼϵĻ͵ȥɣ㿴Һү·ͦÿ𣿡
ǳ˳飬һʶȱ۵ľ˭
£ֻܲԸ·߽ҡ
˲ʮӣڶǽҪʧȥĵʱڳˡ
ɫĻſмָǵζ
һδֻڵ·ӻЩŲֱ㶵վʣôȥ·
ǰĲ¹¶ֱۣüۺЦ˸ѽôҿ㴩ͦÿġ
Ӳûֻա
СתһȦҲúÿڷſһ㡣
ҲֻڼᴩģҲûٱ
ҹڿ׼˯ǺȻָʣ֪[]ʲô˼𣿡
һüͷûʲô˼
ʱǰѴ߸ȷ𰸣ǽǵ˼
ᣬȵ˹ǷӲͷ촽ߡ
ڿѧǰϦһ߱ѡ䡣
λѡһ¥䣬ѡ¥䣬Ǻڶ¥
֮ÿ¥㶼鷿Ϸң¥һ̨ͺ
ѡú÷Ժӣʼ滮꿪ӦЩʲô
ﷱվԱ߲ɵЦӻûװ޺أڼƻЩǲе磿
÷ȴΪ⣬Ů˵ˣ쿪סڼƻдڱϣʡǡ
겻ˣ
סһʱ˵ɡ
ô˵ﷱЦúΡ
ӵ˸ѧʱ
СǶ𳵻СһΣڻ
װȴк
ɣˡ
ŴУѣСòءšһ
Сܶ࣬㻹𣿡
Сǲ̫Ըˣǻ㿴𣿡
Էû뵽ô˵ſڣûͺá
𳵻λƵʻţվԼԱߣС̲סʣ㻹𣿡
ûȤӣû˵ʲô뿪ˡ
뿪ıӰСֻĪ
ȻصѧУæѧҵ⣬ʱ仹ҪУȥҷӡ
ͬŮôæɻæʲôأ
һСû˵ʵ飬˵ҪӶܾȡ
Ժ﷢չΪʲôҪѽ
Сǽ͵:Ҫ羰ܺá
ŮһˣˣҲط۵ô
ǣСǳȥҷԴڱֽѰйѶϢ
ܿ죬ҵһĵطŮͬȥ
λػϣϲλá뵽ԺžܿСǶˡ
ǷҪۺܸߣֻװϲӺ˼ҿۡһ80ƽ׵ķʮԪļ۸֡
˵󣬺Ů۹⣬ںػϵķۺܲ
費ǸһǮȰѶ˰ɣӵǼ־Ϳˡ
Ǽҵ֣
ԣҺ͸ĳ


167 ϸ
СǻǸδ, 򷿣Ҫ໤ͬС
һں󣬶ٴ̤ȥеĻ, Ůѷ
׼Ӱ˳
һи㶨, Сһװ޷ѡ
Ŵϵ0, Се㼤, ôǮɣһҹĸо
װҪúòϣҾҲһ, ǮҪǳ񣬵ȻҪĸԸ, Ժͱֺˡ
Сǵرס, õ裡
һ, м, ְֹæûչ, ԼԼһ, ĩһ쵱ݽϡ
, иɽ
ȥ׼Ұ, Ͳ¥, ¥ϴƹƹҡһһϽ¥ȥǲǰ׼ҷʲô£
ǰ׼Ҹڴ
׼ҷ, ŵǰһ, ಻ԡ
ý, ̲ס²۵̫, Ҹû취顣
Ǽôˣզôأ
հģźͶϱܣͷۣѾˣÿָֻֻԭˡ
⻰Ҳ̾ʵڲУȥҼסɣʱסһݣǻһѧϰ
ЩĶǾܾˡҪһʱ䣬Ҳмסһ갡
ô죿ôӰѧϰϴѧʱڵġ
üʵڲУҾͰҸסһ󣬲ֶӲ꣬Ҳ̫ȥ
ԴһûдڣԸСֻĬĬţʵڿȥܳԸھӴ˵ܲСѧϰ˲֪𣿡
Ӻ󣬸ű򿪣Ǹ¶׹̫̫ԷֻǸӱ˭ӳ㲻ߣҿɸ㣬鲻ãң
мԷ޻⣬Ҳٸ棬Уȥϼ쵼ǹܲܣĸӪҾȥĸӪң
һҪǣӣԷ̬Ǹɶлۺú˵
ҸղŸú˵ˣ㲻֣µؾ㣬ٴŵϢҾȥ쵼
вЧ̫̫Э
ˣǲˣ⺢С󣡡
ûתݣĴָòС
뵽Ժпܲһѧвɵĳ:Ըøĸģܰ۸ɲУ㿴СǻӻѧУ۸أʵͽĲ۸
ͷҲ֪ԼԸ񲻺ã֪ôģ
ø֣´ٸҳܣͰҸո˵Ļظһ飬ʱ䳤ܷŵÿˡ
š񲻴
˼һ˲˾:У´ԣȡӱһЩ
һȥҲתˡ
ĳһ죬̨ĻƽʱκȻһ档
ݺܼ򵥣ֻһȺЦ裬ɹȴϿڷǳϴԡ
[Դ]汾ĲƷ棬:[Դ]洦࣬۸Ȼ䡣
ƷһƳϾˣܶ˶[Դ]ʵӵߣǸڳ£һʱķú֣Чȷԭԡ
[Դ]ƷƵСҿ಻ԡǸ[Դ]ǸϷԺÿöûˡ
õǰһ͸ܵҵԱǮҲԱϡ
ҹһ־ڵʡԱõ˶Ľ
ϾҪ붬«έʱǼ幩ů͸ԱĸúƱôʵõĶů˵ġ
Ǯ¸ҷúƱԶǵ٩⸣ɰһЩĽˣ춼۳вй
һЦӯӯĸ˵䣬칫ϵĵ绰ˡ
绰ֻ˵仰ɫ˲һ䡣
ȹ绰Ǯµǵʣôˣʲô£
Ǳʰ˾סԺˣҹȥ
үӵӹһֱòΪתͻȻֽŷ飬Թ
ҺԼ㹻ӣֽŷ֢״ȥҽԺ
ǸϵҽԺʱڴϴΣˣ¶һĨЦҶ˵˱𾪶㣬׻Ǹ˵ˡ
µȻҪ˵ؼһҪ°ġ
ǰˮŵϣһ£ȻóһƻʼƤ
ֶҪܸϻ˵ˣǶż
û£ӳɼҵ֮ǰҲµġ
˵ĻöĪᣬõƻݹȥЦŰοֹɼҵֻҪǳ[Դ]׼ܳꡣ
үӱúǺһЦʮͬصͷҵĲƷȷʵһֱںȡЩϼһҲȵò⺢Ǹбµġ
ڵϴʮ꣬ﵱ˵ڶ磬ڶǵĴ·չôãҲŸˡ
ֱ˵ĵ꣬ǲ뿪ֱӵİ칫ȥҽ
ˣ̼ӿ١
ҽȫ뿪ǲ߽칫ңԺǲǴ㹤ˣ
ƤģЦͷûУֻҪʱ䣬ʱʱпա
Ǳ泩°ȥԺóԵġ
㿴˾ˣ
ţ״̬У𣿡¡
ֻҪԺڼ飬עʳⲻ󡣡
ʱڻ«έ·ϡ
Сֶյɫ̫ãǺܺƽʱ̫үү˶֪ġ
磬ʲôʱɩӻүүĵľĻ¡
Сǵİ֮Լ촽û֨
ΪԲҶСֶպܷҪҪŸҸŮѣû׼˾أ
˵ҽԺʱѾǵڶ糿ͺȥ
ܻˣΣûʲô£ȫѧϰôУ
İӺݸʵоôֽŻô˵ģ
һ⣬ԾСͰڰֶ֣ȳȥֻ»һˡ
мһ£ɡ
Թϣһɻ󣬡ʲô£˵
һ䵥˲ķֻǽϵʱӡδδͣ
񿪿ڵʵһֱҶ뷨ûжˣֶؼҽףô
֮ǰүλʱֻûôүѴλûô˼ɡ
ԭأֻ죬ʶʵ˵ĸʲô˼
ûķ˵ϸ㲻֪ʲô˼ӺСΪɰָ裬ҼǵֶСʱܹ˼ҽСƯ衯
·ڼǰһ˷ܵӦ
񡭡ҲûͻشѾ26꣬ϸ׿²̫ʡ
ʱһֱ͵СֶպȻµҪϸף
л˵


168 ͺ
СֶǸ۷Źģ, ۵üġ
վм飬ҵ˼, ʺס
ôͲˣС̺ôã㶼֪жĽϸף
ǴСһ𳤴, ĿܲĿ
ԥƬ, ˾Ͼϰ, ǲϵġ
ɶ˼Сֶղ˼ؿʵҿе, ʧ
ΪСǵʵԭʱñ֪, ֻԼ, 㰮ô˵ô˵, ǲϸס
У㲻ϣСֶߵصһ, ת뿪˲
һпü, Ȼ֪ʲôԭʹûķӦ, , ԼӾֱˡ
㲻ϾͲϰ, ֶյ̬Ҳȥ
, Ҳȥġϣĵ׵ǹɱȴþ޷ɢȥ
һߣСֶȻ, ȴû¸κˣܸɳ׵ľٶ, ΪĻ, С̻͸罥֡
ƵŽֱߵʯ, ֪«έеſڡ
뵽ʱӦûϿΣУſվһ뿪ˡ
ʱѧУڼĿαһ۱ϳûɵСֶա
Ǹأúչүүôˣ
Сֶ̧ͷڿԷ˭۵һĨңС̣ɰ
ȷʵͦɵģһ£ҰѿαϹ
Сֶ˫ֲ嶵վֻͬȴ
Ӻ󣬶ԣ˵Ҫȥ͹ݳ͡
У
ţȻ뵽ϸȽæû
СֶЩ겻ᣬǲ⺢ôˣ
үүĲǹ
ɻһ·ֱ͹ݵͣʳڣҿµӣǲǷʲô£
СֶĿ⣬֧֧ҺҸһСìܣܺá
ϡھȻҺ͸ǳˡ
ǻŸ˵СֶձøƣĴ㲻Դع仯ܴ𣿡
뵽Сǵ˼ͬصͷı仯ȷܴ󡫡
ȫһƵϵ˼˵Իš
ǰɣֹһôáСֶռһйƵҧһڣֻܰݱĬĬ
ҲһӣһŮǸʲô
ʱС
Сڿʱ俪ʼװгΪ֮ǰȥкʡװгľ飬ѡҾʱȫмҡ
տʼҼỹѼ۸̧һ̧һ֪ͨԭԼС˼ҡ
Ҳ鱨۸
СϲԽ滨ľļҾߣѡļҾ߶ľϵģмҾ߻Ȼһº󣬴ʣ޼
Ȱ¼Ҽװ꣬ȫŮ͡
ʮƽ׵ĴӣŮĽ
ãҵһ˵֡
ʵҲǵһ˵֪Ǵģ̫вˣϲСǸҶˮȻɳϣܶԼƺ⡣
ˣһҪעˣ˵ǰºڣҪ׷㣬Ҳ֪ļٵģ
׷ңСǾֱ췽ҹ̷Ůôַˣ
뾧ͷ˵֪İϢܾ֮ǰͷˣ˵Ů޹üءУǿ֪ܲļرסԺβŻԸС
겻ѣֻСǲΪ⣬ΣѵЩĽŮдһҲͬ
ҾúеȫѸðͷͬ
Ҫ׷ô죿
׷ҾСı³
У֧㣡һҪͦסǧϲǸС
СЦŵͷϳ˰ְ֣˧ģ˧ѾվԼߣŲϲأ
ӣʱѧУסʱУסʮ⡣
ЩĽҲ˼ûٴ
ڳѩļڡ
һʱڿԳԺˡ
ߣЦݶǰˡֻǻûкͺãһȽġ
ΪǺͺүӲġ
Ǽؾ֮ǰ˽еǰĳһġ
ҪȰͺٷ뿪«έ
Լ鷿˽еǰóһƾɵռǱŵСֶյǰ㿴껹ֱŤҲ޻˵
СֶһɻռǱ뷭ľͱһסˡ
ֻǸ˲ˡ
ΪìܣСֶնĻ޶ã㿪Ƕ㷭Ǳռǡ
ȷ˵ȫûбġ
Ǧ֣Կʱ¼˺ġ
ҳ֮û˼ռǱŵϡ
үүҿȫɶ⣿
ûʲô
Сֶճʵҡҡͷ
ķӦ̾Сʱүү㻹ǵһλӼ㻹ӡ𣿡
ţЩеӡ󡣡
շƷǮǵ𣿡
Ҳǵá
׮׮ӡ󣬻¶һĨοЦݡ
֪֪ΪʲôҪշƷ
Сֶüչ̻شΪǸԡ
Ǹ֪ӣ޲ȭš
Ҳôˡ
ĪߣСֶסƨһ±ƣүү˵ˣҲҰɣҶʮˣһ˿ඪˡ
˫ֲɫͺ죬ֻӣúûһ¹ȥ˵ҿŶԣ統շƷһˣû㳤ʱҲֻǸӣռǱÿһ˶Ϊǵģ
Сֶԭأû뵽շƷȻΪ
㲻žȥӺСǣҲ¡
ʱСֶڻع¶һͷ׸ӵЦݡ
Բ֮ǰø㷢Ƣ
ûϵĬһ˲ʵھΣҪطʰ
ȥıӰСֶһɥүүǲǻҵӱĲǵСʱʲô£
ýⶼˣװƣ뿪鷿ͽСֶһ˻ڰղѡ
л˵


169 ʮ
ڻؾ·, Сֶڸʻʱʱ͵һԵĻ硣
Է򴽿û˵˼Щ²͸ԷûԭԼ
«έ·;ңԶ, Ҳһֱ˵Сֶڱﲻסڵ, ȥֱ֮ϰ໹Ϣ찡
ʱ, 飬ʻãһ˲, ȻӦ
ֱϰࡣ
ŶͲ˴򽻵װ̸
Сֶӣ:Ͳܶ˵仰
֪˵Щʲôʱ, ǰô̸ģ
ôĵ⣬СֶЩǲڱԼ
Ҳûô, ֻҪʱһԺóԵ, ٻ¥·

԰, 
𰸺ʧ, ΪʵܵܵõһЩ, ֻǳԳԺȺ, Щ¾㲻̸, ҲΪС
ϲЩȱ㣿
ʸûû, Сֶպܲش, һ뵽ԼѶԷˣֻܹԹԸ𰸡
̸ʱ˴˿Ķ, ȷ֮ĶãڿĶá
į, ûټ, ʺҲʲõĶ
, Щ
ûʲôֻǺѡ
Сֶ˼תתӦøܸŮѣܳɹû׼ԭˡ
뿪ú«έӭ˽궬ĵһѩ
ں÷ůĵשϣԵر˷ܣСǣůãȺƵģ
йŽŲ棬޲ڵϹȦ裬ҽܲ˯ɱۼůͶˣ
ȻУⶰҪסˣڻס
ֻǹһµůЧǺ⡣
ⶰǲù¯ů¯רҵʿǮģԹ֮־ҲװһС͹¯
˯˲ˡ
Ҫϴѧһʱסˡ
һȥܿӭкСǵʮա
ǰһ죬Сȥٻ¥һƯ֯ȹиʽĻױƷ
ȻûױƷͬŮױͦ򵥵ģӦòѡ
궫ûѧУǾֱ˼ҡ
·㿪ʼױǸüʾ͸гһôãÿһεЧŷƵģ
ۼĻ𳵾ҪվˣĹĵطüʣϴϽ˼š
վ㳡Ҳ
ֱǵϤӰԶһֳ䶨ĸо
磬
Ĵڿһ˲䣬Цݲﻹһ䣬Ҫڶӡ
Сǿһ䣬΢ɲü
òĽǻϲ
磬߰ɣҴȥҵ¼ҡ
ԥһ˲Ǿȥݣȥιҡ
СǵķӸһд￪ĶʲôʱԼף
ȷ俪ˣֻԿײûȥ俴˵ȥҰɣ˳ȥһ˲гˣҸԡ
ľٶСǺ±ƣָ䣬ʣ㡭Ҫȥ𣿡
һ죬˵š
ȻΪɶдСû׷ʡ
ЩԺԲƵСڣڴҹʱ֡
˻صңС˳Ϊܷӵÿһ䣬˶е⣬ļҼֱ
ϸܣĬĬϲá
ţڵһ˵:ȻطϢɣ롭һ
ĿģղСҧͷϽ˷䡣
ŵ˲䣬˫̵ֻˡ
ӣ˯⣬ǰʼ飬ϣɶȴһֱĶ
һȾһ硣
СǴӷ߳ʱ˶ˣ
Ҳ֪˶áиżϲ֮⻹һյ⣬رۡ
ҪŹأ⵰ǲ׼еѽ
ȹ˽ʮգԣȹʮٸ³档
Сٴ죬ҶĿ⡣
ǰĲһԵĲˡ
ƿˮݸһƿȻƿףտ֡
ףСҲƿ׳ŵ˵šҲףԼнн񳯡
Ļ䣬ձ죡
ŬҪ׵ĳ嶯ΪвˣԸģȳԷɡ
ٷ˶ʳ֪ζΪ˻գСǴ˵ӻ
磬ϲʲôĿ
ƽʱӣϲͺá
֮һĬ
ԹתƵɳϡó׼õΪƬдеĻ棬бż뾵ġ
һ̲סıѾõҪ󣬡磬źհɣ
ţáشúѸ٣ȻŵĹϣִӱͳһƵʱڿذťϡ
ⷬСǶˣӦŷ֣ԭ˺뷨һֻȽϳס
Ȼߣ˵ÿʮԶգǿԶļš
СƲһۣȻе˵Ǹʡɧ
֮һȭ֮˭ûԽ֣ĵøйоء
ƬֻܿӰʱ䡣
ǵһξãʱÿ
ĵ̨ʮһûеӽĿˡ
ŵﴫİ粻ԾعᣬСùһԵСһְɣ
ʮ׸һСʱ͹ȥˡ
һĶһԼᣬǽš
֣ĬĬʱ䣬ֱʮ˲ժ±˴˵Ķ
СؿֻԼɫ˵ǣϲ㣬Ů𣿡
һ̣Ժ̻ţĵҲɫĻ
һ¸ɺԵ촽ʶʣһֱϲ𣿡
һСԶ㣬ֻϲһˡ
뵽ְİ飬СûԥӦˣţԸŮѡ
ΪһԼ˺ȻɳվȥͶ
ܿ죬һޱȿɰżǰ
˰żٵǰЦú󣬡Ϊѣ͸ĵһ
Сǽӹһ⣬ͱżûκ
ͬѧǲǿ߳ģ
¶һı飬ʾ¶ˡ
ЩżҷƵģһ޶
С:
ʱָżϵĴ尮˵㰴һԿ
ָᰴģһȻ˵
[Сǣϲ㡣]
˫ۣһǲŰְһ¡
[ѩҰ㡣]
˲䣬Դˡһ£ֻʣ¡Ұ㡱֡
չǺ١
һĺСޱڴڷżǰһ㿪ʼȲʰ
Ҽôżܺ棬ЩϴƷʰͺãʰʲô
СǶһ٣̧ͷЦú𣬡һߣǽĻ𳵡
Ļ𳵣Ｑȥ𣿡
ţǵġʱҷԼСܣһСѡ
ȸͬѧϻ«έĻ𳵣Ǽ⡣
Ϊʱÿһ㣬ó̶֣ʮ׸裬ġ
Ķǻʲôʱص
ͬʱǻ֪ŮѾ˻ؼҵĻ𳵡
Ůķ䳹״ɨһ飬һԵӣ˵λ᲻ͻ紦һˣҪҪװһ£
ϵأӵĻһЦŮԸ𣿡
룬Ӧòᡭ
˵Ҫһֱװ֪
ţҪȻأӷϰѣǰļοҪǶǺúӣЩ¡
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峿Сڵ˽С
Ŀʹ峿㣬պøϵһബؼҡ
ôǵ˼ҹĹԱҼˣ׷׺к
СǹԹš塢̡Цر
ʱиʵѩѧҵǲǾ͸ҩϰˣϴѧ׼ѧɶרҵ
жӵģѼҵӣСǶҩƣúҩӦ˲ò볧ҩŮƷ־ӡ
С˼ȻЦǺǵ˵һأҴ飬ʱû̫࣬ҸҲû׼רҵء
Ļشûش𣬴״ҲûٶʡСǸǰЩԺûѧڣܶһǾ̫ˡ
СʱĴ̺ܿȥСǸŴһȥͣΪֵҹĹԱʳһͶС
ʱ㿴Ůʳȶء
ͻľϲ𴽽ǣתһ⺢пΪ˻Żô磬˲䴽ѹȥˡ
ôôҲû֪ͨȥ㡣
ˣСǿٷףվסΪ̫ˡϲô𣿡
⻰ǵЦģ
ȻģԷɣؼҡʵʻ£
סûʡ
ؼҵ·ϣĸŮһһš
«έı仯ܴСų½ĵӰԺ
ѧУ¶ῴӰȥ԰֮ġ
ͻ绹ûȥء
ǿŮ겻ӣЩƣϣһŮԣ¶ԷǻҲС
ҵ֮ʲô㣿
Ҳ⣬СһЦ㲻ұҵȥҩæɣ
ҵ֮æʮֻӭ
ڶǵ滮У45ݣӲ̳ݼҵҲǿʱ˹Ҳһ
ô𣿡
СǲͷЦ̹뷨Ҫ飬Ųȥء
ʲô̶ȣ
ҲǸʿɡ
Լмƻڷˡ
ֻҪԣôС
صң˿СǶܾϲУԼ䣬Ȼײ㷭һ
ҴͼݺͱֽҵģȫǹڿƼѧͿվϣѾˣȱҵ֮ȥվҲҪүүһ
СǴ򿪵ϣ̲סȤ㻹ûμӸ߿أͦ󡣡
ЩпԿִš
ûиְ˵ѽ
ûУµʱ򿼲ʧǵȿ˵ɡ
ţóαСǰæص㣬ܷûģֻĻ˼Ҳ֪ҴСͲдġ
Сǰص㻭װʣ˵ǰʱүүˣô
ͦõģʱҩʱ壬ϣؾˡ
𣿡СǾȵ̧ͷϢû˵
ţְʱ˵ģ軹үүۼҸӣԺ˴иӦ
ǻֶոͬˣϾ˶ھйѧϰء
ӦܰɡһϢǵϾҪԺˣ˵۵˻ˣʺ
СǱһ˵ǶЦ٩ʶͦܵˡ˵дģ˭ţ
в˼ͷҲ㲻ԼΪɶдģ
ڲǰ
үӹӵѧϰ⣬ᵽе־Ը¸ѹʾֻҪϲʲôרҵν
кܸжһûԼǵ˵ҺСǼʱֹû嶯¡
ŮûûεЦݣǱһ죬ջ̲סʣǰʱйգһֱյʲôˣ
͸һż
ȥģ
ĸɻĿ⣬СΪ飬ǣǱӴġ
ѣûټʣֻΪǻûһ
С͵͵˿ô͸ĸ˵£
һǲͬô죿ͻ֣
ʱҲͬĹǡСǴ꣬С̲ͬô죿
Ϊһˣ÷²һζӱܣҪеУ
¶ģλصͺ˫ҳ̯ơ
Сǰһ죬СֶսҪ«έ
Ӿװ䡣
Сֶռ״٩Ǹ֪ĻΪҪȥ˼أ
Ϻ䣬ĬĻ
ֻСֶտֻǶԷı֣˼ǲԸ
ûȤƲƲ죬ܵ˯ȥˡ
λصһף뵽пܻжԷѾ⣡
ĶСǣ׺󲻾дΪйҲûо
λصҪþһУΪѵΡ
·ϿʻţΪܹȫĿĵء
˼רע
ǵˮƽߣЩѲһЩˮ档
ΪˣƳ[Դ]װ
İװһرϵΡٽǰװǲϻ
µҵøǿ۵˷ܵĹâϰ壬治ԼƹУ
ţֻԽԽõġȥ֪ͨңȥӰಹȰ⼸죬ҾͿڼҹˡ
Уȥ
߳칫ңǻڰŪǸװŹһҪ˾ֱٰӪ꿪
ʱ칫ҵţ㣬˵ǸͶġ
ٽÿ춼ˣ߳칫ңԶС̾⺢Ĳ
ÿι궼ȵ
ע£ʻһӣ
С̣ҺǷĳʪųԿЧô
л˵


170 
ʪĸͷر, ڰ칫ǺĿյȡ
Ǵʮϲ
̨ʵﷴԹΣʪЧ, ﻹʪȼƣҲڰ칫, ܿЧˡ
˵, ޷ڴͳһʪȼƷŵϡ
ϻ޵:ⶫ治Ƕܴ
Ȼ뵽һ, רûУȻؾ֮һҪǵ롣
, һġ
Ǵ򿪿أҲرС, ʺϷڼ
ͬĻ׳һֽ˵׼ٶ̨ʪ, ʱÿ䶼һ̨
΢΢, 漴Ц, , ǰлл㣡
شͷ, Īš
ǵؿ, װ˵͸кǵǶϲ, ллôġ
һ˲, Լ׽ʲôֺʲôûץסϲͺ, ֻƵֱһЩżǲֵǮ
С˵һ, ǲӦûûһ
ʱ, վһԵСֶպȻյ, Ұھûô죿
ڶأʼĲգŻصʱǴϣȻˡ
Ǽ״ЦŰοûϵֲܣ͸Ҳһġ
СֶȻƣӹؼҵ·ϻ߶ţҸСһرƯĽټ棬Ƕ֪Ҷȥˡ
üܲϲ˸ԼŮΣ¶ԷԼ׵ܵҲС
ԸԶضɣȰ㻹ڵ͸ɡ
СֶҲô£̵ʲôãΣ
ֲ̫ʺϣֲѡ
Сֶպܲ磬˵ʮôѸȵѧϰ˷ഺ֪˭ҵҲȣ
һԼȣֻܵܿƤˡ
ȻСֶ˵úţǰһȥˣҸЬ·
ʺϡ
أ
ʺϡ
ױƷأ
ʺϡ
Сֶֻһɻɵ𣬡ôʲôʺϰȻǹи磬ǲǹܵеడȻҸˡ
ţԣǵö

СֶͻؼԺȥ˲ͼݡ
˵еһղСҲ⡣
Դȷϵÿ춼Ҫͨ绰ǵ绰ѶܶϻһĹʣҺ׬ǮķŲ׽⡣
֪صС͵͵ȥͼݵůͼʺһѧϰĥʱ⡣
Ϊ˲ע⣬ڶ¥Ľ羶ֱ¥ûҪѰҾͰҵˡ
һ²Ǻ˴ˡ
һ飬Աߵλ¡
СĿߣȻݸһֽ
[⿴飿ǳԷǿӰȥ԰]
ͷԿͻظȥ
Ҳ˵ǿһ춼һ
ţСд:[һ˿ô죿]
㲻ô֪ǵĹϵ
ܵͣ۵׻һĨȻСǼ״ϽͣȻǣֻǻû׼
ͷ̹ԼҲû׼һŬ
һЦİⲻкΧ·Ʈۺݡ
ڳϦ֮ǰһӣѷڹļҾ߰ᵽ
ڼҾ̫࣬üʦͰҲæ
ľҾ߶ȽأӹŵųϣٴӳжһСʱŰһļҾߡ
ŴҺ䤱ӣæҷˮ
ЪЪɣллæ
Ϊӣ΢ټÿ̨߽ȱһѾ۵ùǺˡ
ӹˮͷһڣûһ£ЩĽСǳʲôģôأ
ƲһۣڵĹܲ⣬ٹ꣬ҲȰ忴곤
ȥİɣСǲǷᰡЦø첲һ£ʮԺҸʣû˾Ľȥɣ
񷴲˵࣬תһ־òΪһʱǿʤƻԺļƻ
Цһû
СֶտȥۣչΪԼҴͷ˭˵Ҹûģȹû׼أСҸжҲܱУ
GСӣ˭˵أǷǲǣ
Сֶպ޾ͦŵ治һܴùң
һǻЦòУЦ˲ųԲûꣿ۾͸Ͻɻ³кóԵģ
ֻǹ񫣬ûͷʢȫˮƿӣֱ
ʯվƨɣȻܲү֣ҲǸӣҾǿʵ
˵첽ЩҾָɻȥˣһɾʮ㣬ղˡ
СֶƲƲ죬СԻ˵磬ʱճе¡
ʲô£
ȱʣʱٸ㡣ѾˣһҪøɹѵ
ЩҾ˴ʱꡣ
СһֱԱæŶ˲赹ˮΪ˱Ӹҿ벽
ֻüȥݸ顣
ǰǵľٶѰٷ֮ȷѾһˡ
¸߸֪˵һЦô죿
ô죬ǲ˵Ҿװ֪£ܱﵽʲôʱ򣿡
Ц㰡ҺŮǻ磬Ȼһùӣָڳʲôء
ǵһۣܲһ㣬˭㿴ҹ˶ʮ꣬Ȼúúõ𣿡
֪˵ˣ̱죬ַ˯
ǿȥæɣѾʼˡ
˺ܶҾߵķϣûƽϣһǰһ÷ˡ
ȺͭٷЩʣζˡ
СǺͻڳæֹסŲҲק˻
æɣڹȥҪӷֿ
ô˵ӱ֪ʵӺϲû統Ůֻʱ̫Ӧѡ
Уȥ濴ʲôҪɵġ
ֱ뿪е˶ûע⵽
÷һһ߳զˣֳһ껹ûأֻ̫ҪǸƷõĹС
̧ۣͷʱûңģصҵġ
˵˺Ӳ÷ûټ߶СǣأѧУû׷㰡һҪСĵ֪֪治֪ġ
Сʶؿһۻ磬˵:ͷİɣһṦǶ׷ҡ
ڱûĸҹ棿
СеܲţǸңôɰôĸҹأ
΢΢ǣŵȹ꣬Ȱ¶߸ѺСֶգȻѭ򽥽
ʱСҲһ뷨Ψһηľֻˣվߣ㲻ͬҲֻʱ⡣
л˵


171 
һĴ, ǶڼԺķһιڡ
˽ʮ꣬ÿһשÿһ߶Ũĸ顣
óһȫҸ
뵽´λҲס, С¶ŨŨĲᡣ
裬ܲܶļƬ, Ժ˻ٿƬ
, á⣬ĵҲ͵ġ
ҵ鲻̫, ÷һƿ׾ƣæк, ԷɣǳϦ, ҪĵĲУȳ극ǻÿأ
ʧ, Ůǰ, ָֻЦ, , Է, һһȥ̻, ʱΪļƬ
һ, ˲ǰһ, Ҳȸոպ˺ܶࡣ
ůΧŲһÿ˵϶ҸЦݡ
³졣
Ǽſ, Сȥֶա
ڿ˹ݵϣСǻЩԥ, ֶո粻֪ȥ, Ҹǲе㲻̫ð
û, ֻһˣΪ֮ǰǸ
֮ǰֵìܵ£С֪һ㣬˵ҲͲٹ˼ôࡣ
ʮӺ߽˹ݣֻСֶڲԶ֣Ա߻һԲ
Сܺãĸ첲:GǸ½Ůѣ
һãȻ֪ǰɣ
˲ػСֶվˡ
:ԼֻһôСҲˣ
ˡֶոãСкȴ͵͵һԵĹ
ǹҲڴϾ±ơ
СǵĳְεˣСֶæվסߣߣȥˣʲô
Сǲĵظ̨ķȥ
ֶո磬ոǸƯ½Ů𣿡
ᵽСֶһģЦ˵:ȻǣҸҸܵĶôǲǺܲ
ʲôѽ̫ˣ˵ţת߱òᡣ
ʱվڲûҪµ˼
׹￴ߴ˧ͣ⡣
㡭ҪҪ£ģ
ˣллİˣĻһ٣̨򣬺ϣܿ
һ룬㿴СǳҴҵ߻ˣ￩һ£ɻü
ô͵ˣ
Ĳ֪飬Сһһǡ
Ϊ˲˫ΣȻԻ˵ҶӺۣؼҡ
ǲǳԻˣߣҴȥҽԺ
ʱ˿ֻ̣׹Ĳ죬ҲСֶյĽѯʣСߣСҲһ
߳˹˳˵һлָ
ʵҶӲۣ㲻Ҫġ
Ӳۣɫƽȷʵвӣɻ
װԷֻҪֶ˵һС
СƲƲ죬˵֪ոλ˭ֶոܵ׶Ҳװܳ㲻𣿡
ԭأͬʱһĨң¶֮ǰ֪ң
£ġ˵ţСͷʾο
һߣСֶն̯ӣֻܶ˼׹Ǹ
˼öۣٷǳԲˡ
Һλ׹Ǹˣò΢ЦûϵҲȥɡ
Сֶ˵ü䡰Բ𡱺ܳ͹ݡ
ϧû˻
Ů鲻֣һʱ䣬綼üΪ
ֱСͻؼңһ³˵ء
վ¹£ϴԲ𣬶Ϊ֮ǰûֶ˵
Сֻ֪᲻κˣûȥɣֶոأټ
ţȥߡ
ֱŮ뿪߷Χ֮ڣŻؼҡ
СԤϵʱСֶֻȹϵϣڿȥ
ԼҴˣϽӭǰʣ磬ȥҽԺǣôûأ绰ҲӣȥĶˣû°ɣ
һ˵ԺٸҽܶѾŮˡ
Сֶգգ۾˵Ļ
˭զأ
첻Ǵȥ͹㿴𣿽ȴˡ
仰Ϣ޴Сֶٴɵ㡭˵Сǣ
Ϊе
ţǡ繴𴽽ǣѵ¶һĨᡣ
һ̣СֶոоԼƮƵģһŬ£ôҲû뵽Сһ
ʲôʱ¶Ᵽܹ̫˰ɣ
ڲ֮ǰԺҪɩӡ

ñɩӣСֶվеݡ
Ĭһ˲Ȼ֮ǰ¡
ѹ㲻С̺嵱ɰָ裬ԭҪ˼ҵŮȥˡ
һ뵽гһգҲܽСһ衱˲ʣ̫ˣҶҺǽף
ʱСǵķ
һΪ÷һС̽ѣô
ִֹȻð÷ʮҲͣڲתᡣ
СǼ״ҧҧ׳ʣô
˭÷תȻǱŵˡ
硣
÷ģæʣˣ
ڳǰ˼صͷţҰʱ֪ǧǡ
ԼŮ̸ˣ÷̾ʱ찡
Ҳ䣡
İɣҰ㱣ܣԶһġ
Сˣĵ§סллѣҾ֪õģ
÷üЦŮͬ⣬ʹСǳȥ
ͬʱһ䣬Ǵ磬෢ıӣ²۵С߶أҾˣҲ̣ڿѧǰǲ㽻ʵˡ
ӷ飬Ц:԰עŲߣ࿴ңи߿ȥôʱҴȥʡȥݣܱ˼Ҫǿ
Ȼඥĸо
ѽ̫ڲˡһ㶼Ը
ǶǺúӣҪԼϹġ
ǽˣӵ̺Ҳܰá
̣ʱⲻ˷ѣҪԼһУ


172 ҵ
19926, ڸ߿ǰϦаԼ־Ը߸ĸ֪
˵ҪƼѧʱǺӶܾȡ
Ͼƽʱûûε, ˭뵽ôԶ
ҽҪվʱϾװһȰְֻ˧
ͷ, ЦŹ͡ʱźӰ, ôһ˭˧
ǶԼ־Ըûһ˿ɣеЦݱøӲ, ˲䱬İ, һŬģ
³׳, г߽
վУ԰, ־һ尾, ֮ǰ, ̬ȡ
ΪһҪҪ, һȴ÷
ƽʱѧϰɼô, Ӧûµ, Ҳ̫ġ
Ȼ÷ô˵, Ǳκ˶šǼ״Ȥ, Ҳģͦġ
÷첻ϣĿԽУ԰ڡ
Сʱ, һֻСţǷɱ󻹸İ
ܱˤඣ÷ܵô, ҲŲΡΡġ
йԹԷŻٶ, Ȼ˷ܡ
ȲȰʵڲͱ, һɹô죿
Ļ÷ֻʮ
ҲȣȲȰһһƿ׿ˮ񡣡
ӽӹˮһ´롣
߰ɣǻؼҳԷ
ǣûǿô̲סҪ裬²ҿúòã
ãǻһЦӦǶ
ǱģһʵҾʹˣΪġ
Ըǳȣɶ¶ǲŲæƵģǾڿͦõģܼһԾ
ǺֵܣȻҪͬˡȶˣҪѧϰŶԡĿԣ㿴ٽû
еͷͷʱùС
裬ǿȥԷɣҪս
룬ȻվУȴ
˵һмֻһθ߿Ӵӿ߳һЦ˲䣬ֻġ
Ϊףӿ˳ں֧߱¯ӣһտɶԡ
𿾴Ȼˡ
ʦС¥ĽСǣ̫ƯˣһǵһοַסլںߣΧ֣羰á
ǮҲһĽҲϲҹŮڽѧ̫鷳ˡ
ȰѷˣԺѧٰ
ǵ飬Ǯǰһѽôû뵽أ򷿾Բ
ȻûһĶӣһӻǿԵġ
ʦҲȤСǣҸӵҲӼԺھ̫Ҷ췳ˡ
УҼԱҪᵽϷȥһ¡
ţлл
ʲôҰͲǶܳΪھء
ǰʱ䣬ӣ㷭ǳɶС¥˾ס
Ϊˣǻ׼Ůһְ´ڰʱ֪һϢǾҪͨˣ
ʱķֻһЩ
кʵķԴȰǾ֣ǧҪϡ
뵽ǵСϢ࣬ͷѾʼĴˡ
һߣ÷ﷱ¥̨ϣԶĺʮ⡣
ĶҲûȥⶰ￴ȹ֭ĥʱ⡣
GСûƽǳҪôûˣ
ﷱ衳ڰ֣úܿǲвģҴȥֻڹһܱǹþá
ԴӼĳ뿪ҺĬҲûκγ÷ǸչԸ񣬵ϴѧ󣬹ƻܲӦ
ֻڹơ
ɣҲǸӣôҲü
ﷱ衱ùЦϱǸ
֮кͰĸ߿ɼˣ
ԸǳǹƼѧǾҽѧԺ
ΪˣӻضĽյ飬һĨж
һԿʮּʣ֣ҿϴѧûʲôʾ𣿡
ҲҪ飿
գգۣ뻹˰ɣڿѧ֮ǰҪ棡
û𣿱ηɻ֮ġ
ǼڳԣɵЦԺ׬Ǯˣɻû˹㣬ҺʦΪ׼ҵˣǵһ¹
ӻӶԷгϲ
ûһǱһɺ߽ѵһϣȻЦض˵ǵıҵףÿĹ
˺شչȥĶʱ˲ɵˣ
ֻ涼ϷӣһͰܾúܾá
裬ǶˣͲϷˡкܲ˼ͷһҲմȾϷĶ
ܾһߣأҺѡ
֪æҡͷҲҪҪúÿⱾ顣
Ǽ״ѱɺ¶һźı飬ǺðɣȻǲҾͲǿˡ
һͰϷ˲ȥˡ
ĳҹڷߵϣǴӻʦͰ׸ȥϷ
Ϊ˲ϳʦñӺͿ֡
һȺ˵УǵĴرۡǺη壬Ϸ˭˷ܡ
ϷԽԽ٣ֱҹǲž˻ؼҡ
ȵĺ磬סӵĸ첲ոյϷ˵ƽʱôôϷ治״أ̫ʧˡ
²ۣӺΣÿκԴ㶼קҸ첲ҾģҺܻǶԷԵס
Ұѹ˦ԼǷߺ޵һֱۣҲûأٸңԸ
вܹãӹԹԱͣתסļ壺ҵĴΪұȥɣ
˼խȣʹڳϬû˻Ѿʮˡ
ֱϵļ⣬뵽֮ǰζûˤǾһΣ·ϺڣҪСĵ
ţˤˣԺн㡣
뵽ĳЩȤ˲Сͨ죬ֲС̹ҲŲء
Ƶ·£һӰúܳ
ǰͷļϣ˵㲻˵Ҫȥ𣿲ǹȥɣ˳ȥǡ
ţá
ģһСͷϸϵGҷаͷˣ
ӽŲһ٣ޱȼᶨ˵:ܣǽɫġ
Ͼ£Ҳġͷֱ˵ͷȫҲ⡣
ӶһͷҷȻϣǽɫģǻؼٿ
ִ֣ٸУ͵ǽɫġ

Ϊ֤Լûϣһҹֵ
ڶ죬˯ʱĿѰں䡣
ؿɷͶӣʣǸҪȥĶ
΢΢üûȾƣӦ˯˻û͸


173 ײ
, ְ˵ǽȥУ˯һǵˣ
ãգգۣԺкȻһЩ, 졭˵ֻ
һûء
߰ɣѾͳкˡߵ, Ȼͷһǡ
мֲ, ȫʲô
ǽȥǰɣ
һж׼׵ûԥ, ãȥѽ䡣
һ, ȥеĻ𳵡
뵽Ͼܼãпļ, , ˵ǿǻ᲻ܾϲ
̧˼, ֪, Ӧھ, ŮӦǾϲģ
Ҳڵ, Ǽ˳, ûôࡣ
һӶһ, ʱ˴˶Ρ
ȵĿĵ, ǸǴ绰ɡ
ţáǿɷļϣֻûǺ, ҪٲһС
Ʊڴ, Ϊȷ硣
м״, Ľĸĸ, ҲֻĽû̸»ǵȵʮԺ˵ɣ
ʱС
Сסĸ첲۵׾ϲ㲻˵ҪһںŻôǰѽ
纬Ц͵㣬Ӱš
Сһů̲סա
˽࣬˭ûԽ׳ذ벽ܾٶּͣϡ
ʵСǺ촽ǾԼŮ̫ˡ
̫СҪ̼ꡣ
ң㣬òС
ڱݿ÷𣿲Ҵȥδɡ
ţˣĶȥֻһ𡣡
˴ˣֿʼһס
峿ĻڵС
߳վһȻָŲԶĵ绰ͤ˵裬ȥǴ绰һ
˵ţѾǱ߷ɱȥǱ䶼ûᡣ
˲ʮӣż
ôˣϵ𣿡
ûУҸûҡ
룬˵ȥ绰Ķأ
ͷûʲô˼ǹԹȥˡ
ֻ绰ͨСֶյĴûʾСֶҲûѳֻڼȥϰˡ
аʵǴһ飬޶ŷȥСǵļҡ
֮ǰȥһΣᳵ·ҶԵط
С˳ʱ˶ɵˡ
裬ô
ǼͷʪģַӦ￩һ¡
и绰ûء
ڼҸأҿBPǸ衣в֪еè壬ǰߣСæ·
ǿɣҸոϴͷûBP졣
Ǹ߽ݣشû˵Ь˵ء
˿̣СǶˣÿߵ룬׼ʱͣۼʱͿ쵽ˣô죿
裬ǻû緹ɣҳȥ͡
ǰĻҿ׽ԲصϷãЪһЪһһȥԡ
Ӽ״ȻֳĬҲöѹȥ꣬Ҳʱͱ㴰ֽˡ
СǷգٶ˵ʲô
вԵļ˵ߣιһķӣüͷѿġ
ʱű¡ûСӦվȥš
򿪷ţϵǻ㵵Ŀ
С̣
˼һתĶǣ¶һޱȾȵı飬G㲻ھ𣿡
СǸǰĴ֪롣
ϵĳָܿ侲
С̣м˵
ûٺұϹǺ⣬ɣ˵
ڳ˵ֻʲô֪ҲղԾ
Ҷ˲赹ˮǰ״ôһ£
壬С̣Һϵ
绰䣬ֻѵһвһѲˤˡ
ӳȽϼ磬˵ģôˣ
Ϣ˵ֱĴ磬Ȼ÷򣬻˭ܲˡ
Ȼԣġ
ΪŮףӱһ֪ʵ:ǽˣ
żȻ̹׾̹׳ףûκ
Ƕδʲô㣿仰ǶʵģҲֻһ㡣
ǴǱҵ֮ٶ飬ʲôʱһжǵġ
ô˵ŮСǺѵ¶һŮҵɬš25֮ǰû顣
λɹǵһ˿ǣɷ͵͵ʹ˸̬ȡ
ӽӵʾһ:ȻǻϲͺúýɣǺ²òҴŵģҺ費ֹġ
ģ̫ˣллְ衫Сǲ̱סǿ裬Һͻһụúദģ
ĺ󱳣ȻּŮУͻ綼ǺúӣԲ֧ǵϵԺìܣҲߣ𣿡
˵ͷּԲʵ֡
мû˴Ȼܽƣ裬ǲʮ̸꣬ǲе簡ôҲҪʮԺ̸ųɣ
һǰۣܲᣬɳվ׼ȥͷ
ӸҲȥ˿ͷ
ֻʣؼúͻ硣
õԼйΪã̸ൢʱ䣬⹦ȫѧϰϣû׼Ϊڶʱ䣡
Ȼվһȥ͡
вȥǱˡ
ȶ˯һʱůսӡ
§סɷľǽȥĶ氡лǱСˡ
Ѿˣǰ鷢𵽶󣬵˵:ȥĶ涼У漸죬Ȼٿ⡣
ǵͷڴһ
߽ͷʱͼкͻЦ죬һźķΧȫ֮ǰӡ
۵죬:Сһ˼ҵĺôȻĿô˵
Ȼһм˵裬Ӧȥ첩ݣȥУһվȥаɣ
첩ݸսɲã⿪š
üҲȥǼʶðǾС
Ӳ֪ҲȥҪȥвüȥиؼʲô⻹ܽҪҵģȥⰲ
л˵
ps:19921011գй첩ʽɡ1993830գй첩ʽ⿪š
ǰһꡣ



174 ܼ
ӵĻüͬĿ, ֪⣬æ̹˵ʵҲȥݿȥ, ȥⰲɡ
ȥ
ţȥ
Ӳ, İȥС
м״, ƲС˵ƫ۶
²ۣϱ, ƫѵƫߴߴᣬСҲȥˡ
ûʲôܱȺ첩ݵ, æģǻȥ, Ҵ˻𣿡
ָԼļĦ, ²ꡣ
, һϿеĻ, ˾֮С
ʱ, «έ
÷ԺĴ
ѡڼ, Ϊÿϡ, ΧھӶᵽྡ
⸽ھ, ϵ߰˰ˡ
G, Ůأզûأ
ǺڵϺܺھӣҶܸˡ
÷ԸҲ, ʹҴһƬȥ, Ҫܻء
, κðȥп, ôûʡء
˵͵÷û˵ھꡣ
ʱиʮĸŮߴչϻЦҼǰǾеģ統֪ˣȥĸ㣬ҡ
֮ǰ÷˵ĸŮתͷ˵Ǹðʱвľ㣡ˣɶզôأ
ϼհãǿ
һ÷˲ǰһҲǰ˰ǰһҰ
̫ˣϼһƨԱߣԶķһһȥ͵С̲ˣ̲ζرá
ôʴҶͦȵģϾ⸽ľв֪÷˭ģ
ǰС¥ң㲻֪
ǰྣҲ˰ɣ
ϼεЦЦΪԼ͵:ҲǸհƽʱֲôݣ֪Ҳ
ϸ룬úҲ㲻پˡ
㣬ȻԺҪˣ㿴ɲ
飬÷Ȼ뵽ŮǰĻ[ﲻȼԺ˵Ҫ˼]
ѵߣЦܵʲô㰡ʹãǶǺھӣ
ǡҲСϼ˳ǿЦϽҲû£ȥС̲ˡ
˵꣬תͷȥͱ죬⵹÷˼ˡ
˰ϼһС̲˺һ÷ҵĴš
ŵﷱ衣һ£漴ֶЦλ磬ڼ𣿡
ﷱ衴ˣֻ˺ϴأ𣿡
ûˣɡ
˵ת뿪ﷱŪĪ
÷ϴʵղиŮ˹С̲ˣʶ𣿡
С̲ˣ÷ȷʵô£ϣҶˣ
ʶﷱ衵ѵе߶Ҫע⡣
÷Լ˼Уȫû仰ȥ
󣬶ǴһҴСȥͣȻȥ첩ݡ
ˣĵرŶǲ֣СǣҺѽλһҪסУ
ƽùãҲܸˣԼľˣ
ãҴȥӰɣرɰ
СֶŮԼǵͷӦУȥ
ԺӣΧֻӣѩȷʵܿɰ
˵ɣҳѽ
ƽ˼תתϲãתѧȥ«έҰ費ͬ⣬ܰ𣿡
£֮ǰ˵ֻû뵽ȥôûû
ΪʲôҪȥ«έأѧУͬѧ۸𣿡
ƽҡҡͷ:ֻǾѧϰѹ̫뻻ûôѹĵط
Сѧ꼶ٿѧ͸ϳһˣٲȥ«έԺ͸ûлˡ
Ϊ˰Ľͣ«έѧϰȾɣǣһˣͬȥҲпԭҪٺú룿
ƽ죬Լתѧ³ûϷˡ
꣬ȥ⵽ô£
ҲһݣĲɹӵܻόǻᰲοˣⷴоѹ󣬾Ҳٸ˵ǰȥ˺뿪ߣҲŷˡ
Ҹأ˦ƹ񣿡
ûУˣƽʱͦƽģϾĴ֣Ĳϡ
¶һȻӵģʽ:һ챿һĴ֣ﰮ
֮ǰ÷м䵱ͼã˫ĥϣʲôⶼֳˡ
ʱƽСιӣһżҶһĲɵӡ
СǰСãϧˡ
ƽǲģȻȥ«έ㣬ûʲô취ȥ«έĺȥ
СǺܲʣ˼ҶϲͰְһΪʲôϲ
ƽ⣬û˲С˵ʵ飺Ҳǲϲֻȥүү裬˵
㲻Ϊѧϰѹ𣿡
ȻǣǺŪ˵˵ǣֻүүߡ
Ϊʲô
ƽĬһ˲۾˵һ־Ͽôһλϣÿֻһ棬ôһٺ棿үүѾʮˣܻʮ꣬ҺҲֻʣ¶ʮμᣬҲǡ
Ļ˵꣬СҲۿʵҲҪ鰡ô죿
ǲʮ꣬δ·أʱ˲ǡ
С˲Цƫ۶
ƫ۶ҲҴСǱүү̱ģȻҪƫǣĻ裬һӹɡ
УҰ㣡һһɹ«έУ
ƽһ˷ܵűס㣬лл㣡¶ˣһúøмģ
ҰģȰ˼һգһȥݡ
ҹСǰʵ˵ˡ
ʵʲô°ֻܿܳ¡
⣬û뵽ƽĸôϸ塣
Ϊʲôʵʵ˵أ
˵ʵһүΪٰؾУھһӡ
գһ½ëȻԼˣȫ͸Сӵ뷨ˡ
Ǽ«έ
÷£Ƕһһƿѩ࣬˳˵㣬ϼûиѩడ⻹أ
÷ƿ˰Ҳûãƽʱֻ꣬ʲôһϲͨ
ûңҲͦõġ
ûõڨڨһЦ֨ˡ
ʱϼһƿƿ޹ЦǺǵ߹һƨԱߣȻһƿѩ˵:㣬ȥãǶƷǳÿɺˡ
÷ҲǸϴˣƿϸ˿ûѩġ
֮ǰۣǶһӡûС
ѩ඼Ķ
л˵
ps:ƽǶλڶʮǰĳϿģʱдͦһֱǵڣϣҶϧ¡



175 
û뵽ô, Ů΢΢һ
÷ʣѩɶһ䶼
ʱ˲廰ΪⶼǲſҪǿǻܽ𣿡
÷Ҳô, ѩصϼУʾԼ޹», ôص
, ֹһУÿ˶з, Űɡ
治Ҫ, лл
Ϊ˷ֹԷѩ÷Ͻӳվ, Ҹɻؼˡ
ԶȥıӰ, ϼٵ̾˿, ˼״Ȱͥô, ǿӵѩ, 㻹Ǳˡ
Ҳ͡
ϼǿ¶һĨЦûٶ˵ʲô
ܿ, ָֻ֮ǰա
ĴյϼСʵ, ѩôǮ˵Ҹһва
Ϲ, ϼװΪѵ, ҿҪؼҸһ²С
Уú˵˵, ҼҺüˣӹý, û, ҲƤ¶
, ô˵һؼҸȡ˵͵ҵĺϢɣ
һˣGǾ鷳ˣ
ͬʱ÷صܾ¶ֵֹģ벻֣ȥﷱ衡
ﷱֻһ仰:ûеڱĺ£ԺǸϼԶ
һߣھС
ǹ꺽첩ݽҪٴ̤ó̡
뿪֮ǰҵ̸ƽ뷨˵ˡ
֮ˮܿƵΪԹǲҪ뿪ԭģء
ӿ޵ôģסļ۵ʵڲоȥɣǾȥҲһġ
ϵˮ˾ȥҲԣҲҪһȥֻҲһܻпվȥ«έǰɡ
ôû뵽ʮӵĹ򣬲ֹŮҪ߾ϱҪˡ
㲻ٺúÿһ£˵İУζһжҪ¿ʼ
ǰĸھг⣬Ҳǣ޹ˡ
ҿǺˣа裬Сǣƽôİء
ϱȥѾֻ̾ӺȾȥˡ
ڶ죬ʰҪȥⰲСǺͻھС
Ҳڿѧ֮ǰȥ«έ
ĳվǷֱ𱧱СǺͻ磬Ȼ˻𳵣򳵴ⲻЩζ裬Сѣ㲻úʧ𣿡
Ķӵļĳ:ΪʲôҪʧ䣬ҶһǺ£ԺȢϱֶһŮҸ˻ء
Ӵͷȣ
һԿţ̲סǣ:ҲɵСӻֵòȻĻ
ⰲһڣȻְȥǳǣ뿪ǳ֮ǰǰһ۽Ȼ벻ĳǳ򷿺װ޵ǮõҲ
ͻȻ콵޿бҵðǣǸҵģ裬Ƕ̫ˣ
Ǯֻӣɱģ֪ϹҾ㡣
İɣҲġаѴ§ڻڵĸо
ŵ׶ŷƮ
뵽ƽʱô̲סʲô鷳һҪ嶯£ҵĻ͸绰֪𣿡
ţ֪һṼǶҵ
ҶûʲôֻҪ־УҾͺˡ
ǺָټǴڡ
ǻص«έʱƽѾ
⸽򶰷ӣ÷һֱڰæ
«έ飬ƽһֱЦүүòУʱ˶ùЦ
ԴˣǺοͬʱֺܲӦ鷿̸һ̸
ﲻȾУرӦ𣿡
գһ½ë۵Ź⣬ðҾϲĳС㶼֪ر⡣
Ը񣬶ǺȻȷʵʺ
ҷӵҪżﰲס°ɣҼҿͷкüء
ʶô꣬ҲûǾ鷳ˣСǣá
ǺãҺãһҹڿ
Уû⣬໭Ҳԡ
뵽һǧǿɲ໭
졣
ϼٴţŵǶǡ
վİŮˣһɻ󣬡˭
ϼʲף۵һĨţ漴Цھӣ㡣
Ŷɣڽء
ǵ̬ȣϼЩܳ½ǣæ߽ⶰ
ش⣬۵׻Ľ
÷ˮ߹ᵽɤۣҪװܵɣ
˵ţָԺΣûаݵĴ㡣
֪ĸĪŮֻͨһٶ㿴쳣
Ǻÿ͵ˣ⻹ǵһβԳĴˡ
Ҳϣ⾿ô£
ʲô£
÷ʵСóʲô͸
ΪжڣϼûҰѩóԼ÷ĩһԷԷصھӰҡ
ƽʱһǶȥ÷Ҳ˼ܾ
ȰߺһݣСǣ˹ֲԶʱûĴ
ﷱ˵һ˲࣬ǲü˵˵ʲôˣ
÷ʱ֣ÿ¶ϸһ顣
ѩǴΣǰϸڶ˵ˡ
ΪûۿѩʵҲ޷жǲǶԷеĳ
龭еɱ̡
տʼССݣȻٷչߣǰʣʱһٺһ١
裬ĩľۻȰ㲻Ҫȥǻǰ¶ɣںΣǻǲҪٹˡ
֯ϴԣûȷʵ֤ݣûԸԼƭ
÷ҲƾԼֱֱȥӣûƭ漣
УĩʹڼҲȥ
ϧԸΥ
ĩɫոǼҵĴžͱˡ顱ˡ
÷һվŮÿ˶һЦ㣬ǿ߰ɣϼǳԴзȥæ


176 ϴ
뵽Ůľ, ÷Լſ򣬴ԺӣҪﺢȥĻѧ, ȥɣҾͲȥˡ
ͬʱһ, ҺӲϴѧ𣿡
Ŷ, СŮϳС
÷һ˷֪ܲƭ, ̣ϼΪɶҪԷǶϻˣ
û, ˵ͦþףһ£ҪǳԷ, һɰ, ʱǮڼ˵ҲӲ
ҲǮڼ˵ҲӲ, Ǯûϵ, Ƣйϵ
÷ô˵, ˲ʣզܸǮûϵ, ҰҪ¸һ˵, ɰֹǺ, ҵ̬Ҳǰˡ
, ǶԺġ÷ڰְѴнóһӷŵϡ
Ҿ͸ǺúÿΡ˵, ˣˮ
ﷱ΢΢ü, 漴Թȥ衣
һĹ, ˮ˵ǰ, ʮϵʣϱ㻹бķԸ𣿡
ûˣȽݰɣٽ㣡
Уġ
ֱݣҲŴлع
㣬˲ǽڼﻹɻ
ѽһǼ˸զ죿
÷ǵķӦΪ:զˣڼҲøɻϯ˵Ůܶ죡£ڵֻң
һ̣ͦصģйâɣżʵ㣬ǽ£ΪɶôĻ
˵ȳԵӡ÷һƨϣȻˮ˿ڲˮɤӡ
ǽ֮ǰûйû֣
ڳŮȫʾ֡
ǺôǮģ
仰䣬˼ȳҽӣûȥ׬Ǯˡ
ҲǣСĻпճȥǮ
ڳһȲ˷ʱҲҪ˷Ѿ׬ǮǲŻôĶ
ϼǣŮ˻žҪֻԼǮ˲Ż㣡
÷ǵĽϼ˵仰ҲԣŮǸƭӰͱ˼š˵У
ɵɵΪҸô࣬ÿȥ׬ǮܻüأⱲǷİ
ǡ˾˵ǼĶûҾͽҲˣҲֻѡ
Խ˵ԽСȫ㲻˵Բԣ
ΨΨŵŵӣ÷ЦһɶжҲ䣡ûϴչ˺ӣܺ޹ǵóȥ𣿼Ҵһ£ץץϹ֮Ǻϵһƽû˭ҪǱ̫أˣֻ㿴ඡ
һϯʤʮ飬ŮƶǶصͷʾͬ
Ƕȥˣ÷װһֱ޵ҼҽҲзԷɣʱٸŮЩ¶
Ů˺ܶģϼǱЩŲ£֪÷ΪɶͻȻҪǳԷ
ΪɶȻǲǱƭ£
ʱ˵÷ЦǺǵҶϱҷӣ鷳λæһ£ֻҪһƬķӣü۸ܱ˵ġ
С²ԷһᾡæģǻȥϼǶɣӦ˼ȴȥе㲻̫á
Ҫߣ÷ЩˣˣŮһѧϰʼǣǳһݲѧϰɼ֪ģеĸ߿״Ԫ
ЩУ¶ûкӵѧϰҪȻǰһȫʾҪʼǡ
÷ĬĬ˿СǱʼǣǳһġǱʼǹƽУҪȡǺӵͬС
ѯʣƽԴûκ÷űʼ¥ﷱ衰еһԡ
סǲƭأⲻǳ֮ơ
˵զǹϵھӣʵڲĿƭ뿴ȥƭˡ
ﷱ̾Ҳ޽⡭
°صʱͿԺźüھͷ߹ȥһ֪ڳСǵѧϰʼǡ
üҳֽǳһ졣
С÷ô£
÷ľ˵һ飬ĩ˻ʵͬ־˵סһ죬Ժô죿
ѾˣǸϼóѵġļοͬʱָһϢҰֶսлˣͬѧϴǿİɣء
ֶյѧҵզ᲻ᵢѧϰ
ᣬƭܸȤ׼оײɡ
ô˵÷׷ˡ
ڶ磬Сֶյ«έ
ҵķڷУѲһȦӣȻ˶ǼҵĴš
ŵ÷
׼׼ңƤȽе:ѣˣҪ⣡
УҲأ
Яݣѵڿ
һСֶһСҪôҲݺһЩűһЩ顣
£СֶպٺһЦ˽¡
С̣ͬǺҸһѽ
ôʣЩ⣬ô㲻ͬ⣿
ĸҰɱԩңȻҸ֪ǴҲɡСֶմ֣һֺõģϴҰǵˣڶңܲܰ˵û
ɵСԼľֿײЦʣôˣ˵˵£
Сֶղ֪նʵѳ׵˵ˣ治֪֪ĻŸҸܶ󰡣
ΪСǲˣ
ѽ˵ԩԩ
Ǽװ˼ͷͬȷʵԩСǵҲܵһ˺أӦòģͷİɡ
Сֶձ߹հ˹յĻƵһĺϺµģ֮ûģˡ
С̣ǰ˵ûɣҸûá
ҰҲɣ⼸пհҸϼ÷ɿΣռһ·֪ʶô
Ҫô򵥣СֶæӦ԰ȫû⣡
ʱС
СǰԼ̸¸ͬ޵Ů˵ˣ궼㿴ɣǵ˵ʲôţһ֮è壡
ʱûУеġСסգĵðŷۺݡ
ͱ˷ԼҸҲһҸ
û뵽Сó˵һ̸ˣѩ㲻кܸܶܲҽܽܣ
뵽λڵĸ磬СǼᶨҡҡͷ²۵Ƕ̫Ȱǻ˰ɡ
ô˵˵¡
Ůشյǰ۰Ͱ͵ؿòڡ
׸ֺ̰ԣʮ֮ǰû̸һȱ۶һ̣ϲ𣿡
ŮЩǶ㣬˲䲻ˡ
뾧ӣڨڨЦ˰ɣһѧУҸѰɡ
ڴѧУ԰Ҹ׵Ҳûôס
ᵽ¶ҺȻ̸
Դһηֺ󣬾ȻһֱûҶǴ۾
뾧СϢ࣬ڵСǣǽѩ̸˶֪ܶĳЩ˵˼أ


177 
, СֻΡÿһζû˵˶ʲô뷨
Ϊ˱鷳, Сǻͬ˷뾧Ľ顣
һʱ䣬ȫУʦ̸֪ˡ
ڶ峿, С׼ȥϿʱ, Ȼסȥ·
һ÷뾧˵ǶԵ, ˺еġ
Ҹ£
ʣ̸ˣ
⸱̬Ⱥ˵, СšüģǺ̸̸йϵ˵, ֻÿ
ɫŭ, ü۵ԭһ׷, û뵽
СֳӲԸ, ʾҲûô
Һϲ, ϣԺҪٶ˵ֻ
Ժܽ𣿡
̧, һڴ, ӿʮֿ, ˲ܾ̾
СԾ, ҡҡͷܾǸҲѣһҪϿ, 鷳һ¡
֪ṦֻŲ뿪, вʵȻʣһ, ұѸгϢ, ѡ𣿡
СתͷݸһĻõˣǲһҲѡ㡣
գסٴ˵ĳ嶯ͷûٿһۡ
Сң뾧ôæСʵҳ磬ôŵȥˣ
뵽һ²һ£ѳ˲ǸøղŰѻ˵ôԺƲٳˡ
һߣ«έ
÷СֶյྣӺǰˡ
ҼڳˣһСӣܺ档
㣬˭ÿ濡
ΪǶǾ˼ûϵСֶա
÷ԼԱ£ҽ͵Ҽݣż٣Թҡ
СֶմС罻ţ֢ܿͺʹҴһƬ
Ҳϼ
ֶӣ㻹ھ鰡ȥôԶĵطѧһɣ
ɲҲ᲻ƱԺμӹͺˡ
СֶչⰦ̾ϼ˼ֿʼ
룺Сô÷㲻ָտɴ
϶Ц̬ȱ֮ǰˡ
Сӣﻹʲô˰費𣿡
еҪԷļͥҲֿɲУչߡ
СֶװûĿģЦŻشҸĸүүΪǵݽֻҽѧѵġ
ϼĻش⣬ʣ׼찡Ҳˣ
ƭǰʱҲҪ˵Щ滰Сֶհٵ:ҾǱˣסӴԺǱߣӴʲôң컹ұѼҡ
ŶܰϲҾͲóȥˡ
û⣬ǮңҰӴ
һҲ׷˵ҪӴĶСֶһһ¼ûκβͷ
˶ɢˣ÷ŰקһСʣɵû°Ӵʲô
СֶܣȻЦС˵:Ǵڲĵһƺðɣһڣұضõ˿޵
÷һ˲ϲЦտ̫ˣҾֶ֪бµģ
ڶ죬СֶͨӴƷɹ˵ĺøС
죬ϼʼ֮ǰ͸¶ԼκãĲƷЧԡСֶֻЦǺǵţֳܸȤȴٳٲס
죬СֶȻûм֯ȴ˽֯Ϸͽƶȡ
˵ǿͷֺ죬ͷԽֺԽ࣬֯ĵλҲԽߡϼֻ֯ǸСආ
塢죬Сֶճɹ׳ϼǣлͬǶǱŬչߣʱûγɹģ
죬Сֶյ֮֮£ϼȻȥˡ
ⷬɧöǺ÷̾Ϊֹòֶյ죬ƭ˵Ĺ
Ϊˣʮֺһ⣬ȻܰƭӺඣô˦أ
СֶһǴİۣΪԼķ֣Ҿòʲŷֵġ˵ĿԵĺôΧϣ̫ˡ
صͷֶ⺢ǰ;ķչȻ
ɵӣֻΪǸƵˡ
ʱǳǵдһ磡
һǳǵͼһҷԴ򷿣ʵ̫򣬵Ǯָɲ˱ģʵġ
òϢһ죬׼߹ǳǱҷӣûкʵģ͵Ժ˵
һֵˣͬһ
Ƿֱиٺͽ
·ϣӢˬͷʰٷ֮١
УΪøߴ˧ͷ˼Ϊ˿
ټһֱڿͼߴٵǺò׳һˣȥԵ㶫ɣ
ѧУʳͦóԵģһȥ԰ɡͼٿˣֳԻһطĶóԣǾóԡ
ϧҪԡ
֮£ֻҷݡ
ǳǵز˶вҲûôӦ
ݺ󣬼˵˺üͮͮĲˣ̲סСѵĲҪʳܶ࣬˼
˼Ǿ͵⼸
ǲţ̾ԼҪһӡ
ȲƷ󣬸ٺͽŻڲǵ㻨Ǯ࣬Ȼ᲻½²ˣֻȥеİӣȴɶȥˡ
ԼȥҰӡ
ֵܣһɣͬ⣬ҾͰ׷ѧУУ
ϧеֻаûУȫΪ
Ҳʶ㻹Լ׷ɡ
ɫΪֻٻжͬ־Ѱͬѧһ£һӣ꺮Ҵȥսô
£ȤԲ۾ʣȥĶɱҡ
Ұǿվʱߣһ㿴ģ
Сָһ㶼ԼΪжôɡ
ЦһҲָ˵һΪ
õı֤аѰƽǰЩӸû⣬ƭңһء
һӴڳ߳Ա֤߱İɣҸƭ㣬ԸҾܳ˰ɣ
ʱѾԺսڿа̬
ڴ
л˵


178 ״
«έԽԽ, ֵĴҲ쳣ˡ
ھǵİæڶǼҸ˳˷ӣֹ, ʦǮҲ򷿳ɹ
ô죬ĸŮ˻ᾭһȲ, Сӹڡ
ΪǼеů, ÿξۻᶼ鷿
棬Ȳ, Ųĺʮ⡣
Ǯڵص, Ⱥĵ棬ĽСǼů, ˡ
, 㡣
ģ֪ڿЦ, Ǯװ˷̫ܵ, ͸ҹŮתѧ, ӴԺ
ᵽתѧ, ʦ̾, «έСѧÿ༶һ, ٲУ, ˡ
̸ҲлҪ˵ƽҲ˶, ȻûСѧôţӸһʱʦ˵ʲô
΢΢ü, Ĺ֮һڽܱ, ÿ춼Ҫ°, Ҳᵽ«έСѧΪºѧʱʦῴܲ
ӵԶǴ£Ҫǳ˼ãһ뷨½㣬鷳ðң
Ȼ֪ʲô£ʦԵͷӦУȥ
ڶ죬Լ
ʮ˿űǰضˣеûë
С̣ʲô°
Ȼ¡
ְһɣô
ɶ𾪳ֻ飬İ
ǵݸһˮ侲һ£Ȼ˵ԼĴ㡣
ڵϰһ˽ѧУУ
ݺݵ¿ˮоԼΡ
˽ѧУǸ˿ѧУɣʡԣӦ˵ǹҺû˵Ը˰У
Ǿʮȷʵûи˰Уûвܰ졣
Ͼ¶Ҫеһзˡ
ԸԸһɣ
⼸꣬ڹ֮Կѧڳְ
Ǿ⺢ӲΪʦʹҲиҴҸɵĴ
ѧУٲٺܶġ
ʱ˼תһȦһȦ˵ʵڵģĶ
֪δֺãȻϾźҪܳ嶯¡
С̣һȥϱһ𰸡
ȻԣǼ£Ӧõġ
УϢ
Ѱ֮󣬶Ǵ绰һͻȫԸˣֱͨ¶һĨĵЦ
䣬ֻһСÿһ°ؼҡ
ϸʻЦӯӯģʱ𴽽ʣôк·
ѾѰУ뷨˵ˣȻʾ֧֡
ǲͷ͸һС⣬У£аٷ֮ʮļʻɣӦûϸɡ
ţҼСͬ־첻ؼҳԷȥЫӻô
ģǡллϹ
Ÿ̨ڵأĳƺڵºУҲ˼΢죬Ĳڵ˵šš
ӣǿʼְУ
Ҳȷд𰸣ֻҪУ͸һɣ
˰УΪͷ۵Ļѡַ⡣
ҪһƬƤٸǽѧ¥һʲƵķá
ΪǮ£ǵһη
֪УȱǮдǳǴ绰裬ӵǮûҪûȥѧУɣɱȸöࡣ
һ˵ĻǱжòУԼҶӦִͣȻ˵ʮͨ͸
Ǯģʵڲ򷿣Ҳԣ͵ͶѧУˡ
˲⣬жⷽҲȤ˵ɶɶûκ
裬£꺮ȥһˣȻٻؼҹڡ
Ϊʲô̸ˣ
ʲôѽͬѧ˵ȥսٻؼҡ
üëһս˵ܿʣ㲻ᱻƭ˰ɣ
뵽Լƽ͸ٵĹϵĵ˵ܰƭҵģ
ֻ΢Цû˵ɵҲþһᶾˡ
Ԥǰ㣬зżٵǰһ죬پȻ͵͵ܵˡ
տʼΪȥٻ¥ûǽȥ۸ࡣ
ȥеĻƱ˰ɣС米ˣ
ȥˣнšüģȻԸŶԷǸԶŵˡ
ȥĶؼ£ֻɵǺǵĻ
սȭͷͼԼ侲סĶпվԺ
ѽƲƲ죬Ȼ뵽ʲô۾ʣ㲻뵥ǹƥȥվԺɣ
û֨ǱıԿưոݡ
嶯زģȥѽѧʰҲһô
Ϊ˲ݾߣֻװĻã֪ˡ
ڶ죬вûаƱǱ̤ȥеĻ𳵡
һ·ϣŪΧ˶Ҵ˵;棬ڵﾩлվ
վһ²ȥվԺȻĺԺ
׻˵Ҫ׼̣óȻ£ʱû˲˵ڿվԺ⣬ǿɾͶඪˡ
˼һ˲⡣
˵ڼµĲֶ󲮣˸˭˻¶һᡣ
дλ󲮸״ܰѸ²
ôҵˣһ⡣
ʱֻþеһ͸磬칦õ˵ַ
ַǹ˳Ǹģɲɣ˳ʶλ󲮡
ֶӣòȥ
ãлл壬ԼС
磬ŵַȥ˿վԺ
ֻ˵Լǹ˳ǵֶû˵
ܿ죬ٵĴ󲮡һܿľ١
Сӣ£
ӲѹȸУкη壬壬Ǹٵͬѧҽ˵
΢ɲüȻĮʲô£
Էʲô̬ȣв̫⣬Ҫ˵Ķ˵ˣȫȻ˶ԷԽԽڵɫ
ܾС£ܵ״ЩɡҵһѧڵԸôˣ˵Ǵ£û˽״ǿҺ꣬ҲԸңкܶ취Լ
Сӣвң
ûУֻʵʵ˵Ȼվñֱôô˵
ǳţ»ľ¶һĨ֮ɫϣô
Ȼǰйҵ¡˵Ĳ޲Ըš
ǾУܴܣԲô¡
󲮲ɵñЦͨ˰칫ϵĵ绰
ʮӣٻͷ߽칫ңڿеһ˲䣬ȳô
׻˵˼ۺ죬ŭʵ˵أӦʲôţһ㵱ֵܣôҵģԶŵСˣ
ô˵˴󲮰ԭð㾹ȻܵҼ״ҡ
ûѻ˵꣬󱳺Ȼתһʹתͷһżëӳء
л˵


179 1995
ͻȻ, ɵۣ󲮣ͬѧƭ, ģ
ڸģ󲮱ò, , ҽ첻²ǲϴģ
˵ϻӼë, ÿһ¶׼
һԿʮֹ񫣬ֱԷñ, ſ˵󲮣Ǹĺ, һ¾ȸ, ڸ١ҳԺ, Ҫ˵仰
ͬʱһ, ͣ¶, ۵׵Ц, , ȥ
˵, һŸٵƨ, Ÿȥˣ
סƨɣܲԸذͳš
뿪칫ң󲮲ͨ˹˳ǵĵ绰, Ǹǻ˭Һӣ
绰һͷ, ˳˵ӵ, ô˲, ܲɣǸͬѧ
:⺢ӿɱСʱͣ
ʱк͸Ժ⣬һ֣µض˵ӽֻͨͬѧϵΪ֮ɡ
෢۵ӣҲߣΪ˼ư𣿲Ҽ״ڻҪҾҿв
ôţɫǰӵ𣿾˲ѣٸҸǺŲһ٣
°ᣬڲҿˡ
תӴ֮·ˡ
ǰ«έ
ǻΪǮ¶еǮڽУ˵ֱǱˮнӽȥˮ
СǿķգС˵Ұеķ˰ɣסУҲһġ
֪ϲǶӣҵװҲͶ벻ٸ飬Ŀ
ҡͷܾҪа취
ʱһֱԱߵĻȻ廰С̣ѧУȱϻͶʡ
Ǿؿʣ԰УȤֻΪ˰Ҿ˰ɡ
«έ󣬵ȻϣĺõѧϰгͶʡ
ô˵ͬ⣬ͶǮ
˵һѶǺСǶ𾪵ˡ
ôǮ
ѽǸʪרֵôǮ
ǵɻ󣬻˵ġ
ʱ򣬶ǲ֪СӾȻ᳴Ʊȫܣ
ǮóУ㲻ڣ
ڣǮ׬
ʽͶ룬У·Ԥ˳࡭
ʱ÷ɿ죬ת۾͵1995ꡣ
һ죬[«έ˽ѧУ]ʽʼˣ
ŸɾУ԰ȽѧϰʩܶҳʮĶѧǰԥ
һǲûżǸڳְһ:ǱְŮȥ[«έ˽ѧУ]һɰŻݡ
һѧѴ˰ʡ²ǮͬʱڶԶǵΣְܶԼҺӱ
׶԰Сѧٵжһ飬ҲǾʡġ
ѧУⷽаǺܷģҲûȥע
ԼŸ٣һڵӡ
ǣüٺڼҵլŮÿͲ𴲣극ʲôҲʲôҲ˿ӿ飬һһ
÷ΪϢͻָԭ̬ȴû뵽Ϣʱе㳤һڻ
ûס
ҵӣСʵ˵û°ɣǲɶ̼ˣǡˣ
˵ţ˼ֱӿþȡ
裬ҺСôˣܻС
զܣǳԭиŮʮ˻أ
˵Լһֱдʩ־˵еݣֻܵͷ˵ǣڳһ̵ܽӡ
ȥʵڲоȥҽԺ顣
Уȥɣ
÷¥ֱۿŷġ
ʱϳʳŶȣ˹ӡ
ӰģЦѾĿֻˣոǲǻˣ
ŵͿԻ·
ôҲаûһ𣿡
ԱߣĦĽף˵ˣ˵ʮҲ
һЦգգۣҪһ
֪ǹⶺŪü˵ǸʲôôϲӣԳȥѧУٵȼ꣬ǽҲɡ
뵽ٹԼпܵѣ̷ʳˡ
ںʮĳɹŮ˺ܶ඼ǵأ
ôͳˣ
Ҳ뵱ѣѵ뵱ү
ӱʾԼνʲôɫԣֻҪǺͼһС
˿ھС
СŻַҪȥ԰ƾţ۵׾ǳ硣
԰ܣߡ
Сǹ˲ô࣬Ȼɡòʱ棬ȻҪþˣ
԰һѹɽ
СǼһֱĲɵģЩƣоԺǲйҪæʵڲȻȥɡ
ŮԼæԼͣûйҪæǿԼ档
ģ
ţġ
ѣСչЦգȥɣ˵ɺˣ
ʶסڴ̫ϲײײȥϷΪģͬˡ
һһСǽŲȥײΪײ
ȴû뵽ûˣ˵ûУȻֵͷȥ·ڴ
СǺܻ´Ҳˡ
ȴС˵ǻǻؼҰɣҲˡ
԰˶վ
粻ԼŪɳ׾
ٺڹ:磬Ҹħô
ħСʮ־￴֪ħ
Ҫô䰡ʲôûС
ɵ⣬Цž˫˵:㿴ҵǿյģһҸö
ˣٲҿ
вܹã粻ӿ٣¿ڴóһɾ
һӣһ
һ֧޵õ廨ǰС˷ܵؿʻȫ֪ôģ
ѻʣ㻹𣿡
룡㻹ʲôСǰõ廨ŽϢ֮ţ㡣
ʱһע⣬ٴչʾûκζ˫֣Ȼ˶
ʧһöָ䡣
Ȼ뵽رеǾʡ
СǿĽָԭأ漴Сʣ磬ڸ𣿡
л˵
ps:ʮرеһ[ʯԶ,һ]
ڽ飬̲



180 Сǽ
, Ұ㣬չһӡ
Χӷ·һ̱СΨе仰
ö, 仹ҫԥϸָ
, Ը޸㡣
Ͻָ˲, ӱ˴ˣ·һꡭ
СǵĻھ, 磬Żڱ˸߲ҵȥ˽֤
쵽챾һ, СǵϹ۵Цȫ˵Ӧĳŵ
Ϊף, Ѽ, óһ١
Ȳ˵ļ϶, СԴһƮƮȻ״̬, о, Լݻ̫Ӧ
, ǵǼǵܲȱ߼ˣ
ܰȢؼ, Ѿ, Ҳ֪Щ鼱, ǵͷӦʾһȫġ
ûκů, ͬʱһ
˿ǽô˵ͺܳ
¿ѧ, ƽ߽[«έ˽ѧУ]У, ĸһ
ȫֻжʮ, ˬ
Ϊ˸ǲ㹻ӪѧУĻʳرãζȷֹѧͼҳޣʦ޲ڣ
ΪǸտѧʱѲһȦٸݺ˽ѧУһЩԼѧУи
˵
ѲӹʳóԷÿƽŲ̴򷹣˰֣˽˹
ƽ÷۵Ĩһ漴Ц:ãôпѧУ
Լ棬ĵæʲôأôоģҿ㣬ҪѧҵΪ
İɣһúѧϰġƽڨڨһЦȻͷԷ
ȴڽп죬֪ΪɶҪѽܸ
һС˵©զ
̫ˣ
ǼͷˣüʳõķôóҪҪͷ̧һԣ
ƽԹ̧ͷЩסεѹãҸһܣǧ˵˵ġ
ʲôܣüëһܸо˵һʲô¡
Ǹұ˵ˣⱲӶ飡Ҫһӷ׸ƣ
ڹؼʱ̣ƽûҳ㣬ǰǺˡ
ǵüۣ¶һĨʧ㲻ʲôܡ
Щƨİɣ˽סġ
ôƶƽʣã˭ô֪ѽܸܲ͸¶һ㣿
ܣ㡣
Ǽż¶һĨĻЦ
Թ緹뿪ѧУǾֱ˼ҡ
ļλˣûоȥΡ
ͰѸһˣרЩˣ
ӵֽ[ҸСԺ]ҡв԰ӡпOKʩӦоУȾԺ
Ǹսţͼ÷һźֽߣдʲô
סʣ裬ôżȥ
ϣ[ҸСԺ]һģÿ׼ˣǺеİ㡣
ôСʲô
뵽[ҸСԺ]һЩͷ̫̫ǱƭϽϣҸһȥԷĶģǸƭӰɣ
ޣͯ޼ɣǴʦÿ׼ˣ㲻Ϲ˵
ǱսͣڲٿˡʲôʦǸƭӣһùӳԣ
[ҸСԺ]ֻԺһȺ̫̫Χһɷǵͷʡ
ͷۣÿ˶ɫʱʲô⡣
Ǹ÷ߣϸôƭ˵ġ
Ҳ֣ÿ˵Ĺȥˡ
δԴ޷ϣȥֶԵϣǰһͷԼһ㡣
Լһ磬ɣ
ܰ𣿡
ͷ̧ͷһɽͷӦɣָҡ
˼״æһŵӣܺô˵
ǰдԼֵĺֽݹȥǹЦ鷳ˣ׼л
ͷָֽֿ죬˵˴󸻴֮кţ壬ţ»ţ֮˶ҪӷС
ЦתʣأûУ
޺Ů˫ȫ飬Ů飬ܱ
Ȼ֪ò׼ȻԴ졣
ⲻܣŮоӻԶء
ͷɽֻЦ
ؾ÷Ūûף֮ѶһСʵ˵ǲǻ˰ɣھжУͻһᡭ
ܣʲôƷ㻹֪û֮ǰǲġȻô˵ﻹ̲סֹ
һ
˼Ǻ˽лһʲŷġ
Сǽӵʱͻͻġ
鿪ڣ裬ΪʲôͻȻһؼѽ
Ļʵԭֻ˵ԼجΣ̫ãҪ
С񣬱ʾͻؼҡ
Ҷϵ绰󣬶ͷӵģûаţЩ˵
˴˿棬ЦΣô֪جΣѻе١
ǰһۣûټֻҪŮž£͵͵绰ȻҸû꣡
̧һĶ֤ԼԲ˵
磬СǺͻ罹ϻؼңݱ㿴ǲ԰ڹϣģȷʵ
裬ôҪȥҽԺɡСߣ۵ǹġ
Ҳ߹šüʣͷ۲ۣÿ춼ج𣿡
ǵĹģһůͬʱһ顣
ʶСǵĶӣȻװʣû£ƽʱôæͻȻǻ᲻ᵢ°ûоĿҪ𣿡
У١
ǵλæԷ˲ϣĬĬ˿ȥɣûǶҡ
СǺͻһۣվûѽǼǵ˵
Ϊдǻ÷˺⡣
һ۽һСǵĶӣСǲһ˿Ծ
ѣΪʲôҰǲǼʲôѽ
÷زס¡õĺŵһߣСʵ˵ʵûסһȥ
С˲ɫ죬֧֧ҺͻǺܴģ˵ʲôţ
ȻѾǼǽˣоԺæѧҵҲæûᵽһסأ
ô˵÷׷ˣҾ˵ǸľǺ˵˵˵ţ֣ƭ˵ģ
СԽԽԺʣʲôʲô֣˵ʲôأ
÷ûˣͰ˵Ļһһʮ˳Ĺĵ˵´һҪǮҪ
ʱ˿̣Сǵֻʣ𾪣û뵽Լ£ؾȻûġ
ѵѧֶ
¾Բ׼ͻ綼û̫ҪС
Уֻô£ţꡭӦ1997ꣿţ֮ˡ˭
ͷһɲ̫õԤȻ
ˣô죿ҪҪְֻлһ¶Բߣ
л˵
ps:Сǲôޣֻһ롣



181 
ҹ, §Ů˯ѵþһ˵Ļ
ΪĻ, СԵЩĲɡ
ôˣʲôأ
û¡
Сջ˼װ¶һĨݡ, رæ, һԷʱ䶼ûУ˵Ӿ˻᲻ѽ
˵Щֻǲû޵, Сûõ׼
Ϊ, ʶô꣬Ӧñ˴ΡûҪά, ҪͬŬ, ֪𣿡
, ֪СĻ, ϣԼܱһԶı
ڶ糿, ҵְ, Ļһ顣
ֻӵɫۿɼٶȱ, ЩֻǺ˵˵, 費µ, ġ
СԹɫְֵķӦѾ˵һСǸûк˵˵
ͷûʣΪ֪, Ҳʲʲô
ʱ鷿
ǰѵɨһ, ȻĨӡ
϶, šüİηŵ, ²СһͰѼ鷭߰ġ
ϳҽѧ鼮־мҩѧģҲ֪ıСǴģǱҩѧ鼮÷ŵһߡ
ʱ򣬺ȻĳһƬƬϵϲ컭˲Ѫӿ
Ƭ¥ǸŭӣĻһ˿̬
¥Ķ̫˵ע⡣СǿƬʱŵɫˢס
һ㵽÷󣬲ΪʲôҪȥ鷿飿鷿
ǣǲӦýһƬô£
ߵǰƬݹȥŮеޱʧ
÷СǰҲƬֻŽ֤飬ͷͷЦرҸǸֳ
Ƭϸƣǣͻˣʲôʱ°
ü˹
ҷӦôС㣬С͵:ǰʱ䣬飬һʱ嶯Ͱѽ֤ˡûסһ𣡡
ɳϣɫʮ䣬飬һûϾ꣬ӦҲûպеŮӻһʱ嶯ӦҲΪʲôҪնȥǼǣǲͬ𣿡
ǵģֻǳ嶯£裬Բ𣡡СǵͷҶϸĸӵĿ⡣
ŮŵֻƵģ÷ϽԲǼǽǺ£ѵ鲻ɣƽʱɶ£ֻһǷȱǣڴӵ𣿡
ĸǰֻסƢָſڶС˵ȥѻ
Ļ䣬Ѿˡ
ղԣٿСǵӣ˲һС
ǿ첽ߵǰһ壬С̣ƭǸҵǼǵģԲһжҵĴ
Զǵ˽⣬ǲһСǼǵġ
һʵ:֪˻֪ʷΪʲô֪Ҳһ裬ǿˡʰߣһ㶼뿴ǡ
ʷŮһηôĻСŵÿ޳״ӵﰲο
ڵ˽С̣̰Ҫ飬ұ󣬱ó侲Դ£˽̫أԭɡ
ؿСӻ̹ͦϡ
֪ǸʲôƢ˵ȻȥǸ鷿
С̧ͷʾ뿪ȻԹԸڰְȥ鷿
鷿УŮȳʵôΪʲô
Сգһ½ëʵʵ˵Ϊûͼͽ顣
ֻ˵һ֣뻹ʲô
С̫嶯ˡ
һֱ˵ϣ˵:㶼ԣԭԼδ̫ʡܻǰ̫أ˾Ӧ񣬵ĺҪ۵ġ
ʲôۣСú棬Ϊȷġ
˵£˵¡ȣǵΪѾ˫ͥξءڶоδõʿѧλһǶǮһܳԼ𣿡
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ŮĻ¶һĨЦǰ⺢ͦڿҲ顣
̫С̫١
ǣ˰ְֵĻ㲻κ˸ĳŵ磬֪Ļ䣬סģʵԼ
ǣôãôҲûİ
⣬ӾȻԶԡ
˰β˵:Һ˵ûڱ͵͵ҵǼ¡
Сӣ̵ôѽѾˡ
ǵ춹ģȰȰɡдǧּ֣һҪд̵Ҳ֮ԭġ
Ǻðɣд
˿̣Լүүŭ
ȴϣرۣ
⺢ǺͿܲƸȢ˼ŮģˣСһ飡
ԲҴˣ򱡴ӣ̬ʮǫ
Ҫֲ£Գ档
ڶ죬ӴƸǼңŵ÷
ƽʱסúܽһԷ÷ЦǺǵİýݣȻ¥Ϻ䡣
ܿ죬һ˾ڿ˼졣
վٴҵǸȻ֣С齨ͥԸ
һҹ˼Сͨ˺ܶ£ҲðְֵЩе
ǸѧԺĻܴ
ŻޱϵӣԥƬ̣Ҫһԣ
ֻһֹҼҵ̬ҪѧҵͥץŬ֮ƽ⡣
Ϊ˱ʵ䷴ЧСǰˡ
Ƕǵıֻ⣬ڻ˾ϣҲûҪΪˡ
ȻͶϣɡ
ô꣬εӽ飬һõЦݣҪһƸ񽻵С
ǻ縸׵ģһֱڱչҰǣϣܰͷϡ
ǽӹľϻӣûǷŵ輸ϡ
ȻҿʼھƵ⡣
϶Ҫ«έ죬죬뼸ˣЩҪ
£ĬĬС£ٽס֣оһ
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182 ȵľ
, ڶ졣
ֹգС̤˻ؾ֮·
Ϊûûȥվ, С֪, Ҳûȥ͡
Ӧϻ, Ÿ鷿š

ָ, ͼվǰë֣ûһ˿ƽ, ڷйеĲ
߹ȥѱʶЦʵҴȥӾôԺӾݲ
̧, ֻԥһ˲Ӧˡ
Ӿװ, Ӿݡ·, ̽ԵᵽС, տھͱ˻ȥ
ڲ, Ҫ, ҾͲȥӾˡ
Ļؼ, ֻա
ƽʱ, Ӿ˲, ǵʱһˡ
ŲԵĳˮһվԱһһСع۲沿顣
ǱЩ, ̲סûҲû, ҸҪԼȥ
ô˵, ĬĬ˿, ߵͣ͵㣬ֻǾ㴩ӾºƯ
ɫ΢죬һۣ
˵ӾأһԾӾ֮С˼״ɵЦ漴Ҳ˽ȥ
ˮУڵš
ιȦ֮󣬶ڻصЩ΢ϻˮ
εԱߣɫȻ
ȥȵˮɣϢһټ
Ĺ󣬶ǾԼͷԱ֮ǰ࣬ҲŻȻʡ
ǸǵﾩУǴ绰˵«έĻ鷿⣬ǲòߵ¡
Ӳͷüëúܸߡ
ãһ˵ġ
ǲͦΪʲôͨˣ
ţȷʵܾȡ
һǰһϰϢº󣬶ǲ˵ҴСģ⺢ӴСȱȫУ³ˣȻԱŮأСǵദʽ󣬾;˶һټһִʵͦûδС
˵꣬һİۣģֱӰӶЦˣǵĵδ£Ƶǡ
ߣһǽʱͼģûˣ
ţǲ͡ԺӹùԼϹȥɣǲܡ
ô˵üʣòܣ
ãǳŮһ
Цݸһƿˮ˵ˡ
һǵ[Դι˾]ʽˣ
ԴǡԬгû⹫Ǳҽ飬ڵĳɾͣ˻Ų
ͬʱһϢ÷ǶڶǨˣ
ԺҪǸߵСǨѡҪǮҲѡҪӡ
÷ﷱ֮Ҫѷ͸ǣҪǮҪӶ
ȥ´·ϣ÷Զǽ͵˵ˣôչ˵ģⷿӦ㣬֪㲻ȱǮǵһ⡣
ǻԼŰɣȻҳҺТ˳ڻ̳ǲƲʱ˵ֻԼǮзеǶŮҲܰٷ֮ţ𣿡
÷һۣⷬЦˣ⺢ӴĶѧôô˵һ÷£
ѽ㶼֪ǳ๤һӵĻȫŮˣΪֻҪֵƽжŮչһúܰݡôûһŮԸչΪ֪ԼûǮˡ
÷ֵһۣ˵:ֲǣԼЩǱȽϣҲ
ĸˣСƢӣǹһĨЦæסļ壬ѽŰɣˡȥ´Ժ˵
÷ֲֻȴӦ
´վˣҶ۲Ǩ⣬˾ø̫ҪӣҲ˾÷ûӰ£Ǯʵڡ
÷ŴҵҲûõҪɶ
Ů˵ҪҪǮ
ʱڿ̵ļ飬ԷṆ̀е«έǰ
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÷ҲûϸΪʲôŸ֤ԱѡҪǨ
ϳʣ㣬զҪӰԺǸߵСɱҪǮ㡣
ҺסҹŮǶòⷿӣҪǮʡġ
ʻ֮ҲûȰֺǺȥѡˡ
ȴӰ´뵽ղ˵Ļ÷̲סʣŮǶ˵Ҫ㣬ΪɶûҪأ
ûˣʵ˵ΪǷڲӸҾҪǸߵСûôףҲֻǲ²ѡ
Ϊɶｻͨͦõ
⣬Ҳûٽͣĸ첲:裬ҳ£Ҷܾûˡ
÷ʹˣԽߣҪͰǰˡ
֮󣬶ǻص˾ҹ:֪[ز]ϰ˭𣿡
ҪǵߵСĻ飿
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ǰԼ뷨߸֪Ȱһ˵˱ȥԷ绰
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绰ĵڶ죬Ǿͽӵ˻ϰĵ绰ڵ绰ԶǱʾ˸л
ûεĿĿȫˣллѣȥ«έһԷ
ЦźͶԷòŹҶϵ绰
ѶԷһΪ˽Եǲ뵺ϵľʧѡ
һȥº÷õǵĲǨ
ѴвǨĴ۷ŵǵУǿӲ˵ˣǮ㣡ҪҲҪ°ɣ
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ۿҪˣ÷˵ǻҴȥΣһȥĶ棿
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˵ģһֱǴˣֻûұֵĻᣡô˵ˣǻһȥ棬˭Ҳ
Уû⣬ˡ
ʱһζܿ͵ǰ
ȻصУģڲõĽһվ
Ѵֶտе֪ýǼ£Ϊ˻ؼֵ֮ʮֹɶ£±Ǩŭ
۲죬̵ģ˾衣
죬Ϸ̨
Ц߹˵Լһû˼Ǵ֣
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Ļô˭ˣҪشԷһ⣬ԷһԸ
ʲôԸУ
ȻʲôԸС
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оʮľ䣬һӮɣ
ȿҲ
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СһӣǿŰˮ˻ȥ
ֵǺӸĿʱӲ񾭽ֱͦ֡裬ã
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һεҪطӣǵĺܸӣóһݸ:˵ģֻҪǷ޺κγŵǿԺúùӰɡ
裬ǻġ
һԿǰ缦ЦȴҽɢСԱС˵˵һͿһʱҪҪ㣿
Сǰһ˲Ϩҡҡͷ˰ɣҲ˰æҵģԺúñ֣һ迴ҵĸıġ
һ龫ֵξȻûѡͶȡɣ۾ʣȷ
ţȷ
˵꣬Դ뿪ǱӰۣӴͷǰǰɣ˭Ǹأ
˳壬÷֯ʽˣ
еص«έԶİǸطǰ귢Ȫۣп̻̿Ѱ򿪷ȪС
Ӻͻ粻Ҫȥȴ÷־ܾˡ
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İУ˶˷ܡ÷̾Ѿܾûˣ
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ϵһ⣬۰˶ʮ꣬ȻϣСܱԽԽá
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ȥվ
ԣ˵л硢ֶպС⼸ӶǺúӣֻҪһпվͻȥæ
ЦѾһΪ˰ãȥĸﴵ߷ġ
ʱСԿ׻סķһ¥ȥȪСĿͳһ˳ڱǰʼ
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ʱ«έ
үڼǳĬ
ܲƵķΧ̲סҲȥΰɣ͵ɢô
Ӻһۣ˵̫үү⹫û˵أֵ˵𣿡
ΪǶ˲赹ˮǱ΢Ӿ׸
ʮ꣬Ȼ۲ǰȻ΢ĸоƽʱͰѣææȥ۷Ƶģô÷СǲڼңһôŮ죬ǰǰùТҵġ
ƽʱֻ͵͵ȣһڿúˣ
ʱ̧ͷ˵˵ҿȾơ
ӲüնȻҰ
ȻһүŭӿֻһλֲڼңֻҪǲ˵û˻֪
ǵһοүӷƢҡҡͷУҪҸƿơɣ
ơơ֣үΪһơơ
ǼˣƢҲȣֻȰ׾ơ
ΪüȻصߣֻơ׾ĲС
ôүӶŸɵĳ˻ûˣв˴Ĵָ
ĬԱߣ֮󼪡
үѹ˵ʱ򣬿ֻʣͻ硣
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ջ󣬻ҡͷүôӵۣЭҪơ
ơһˮȺڶȡֱ֪ˮѺȽǣŷֲ̫Ծơе𣬶һʲôúȡ
ͣͱӼʱסˣúȵĶ´βǧʵ飬Ȼܾá
˵һһǰţǳˡ
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ԷָΪڿЦּûˣЩḡѻҲûϵѣϹ֪ġ
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183 1996
˱ԭ, ʲôӰ
˫ֲСǰڳһӵ̬
бٰѸոյĻظһ飿ҽ첻㣡
ʱ÷Ҳ̧첲, òᣬСӾ۸Ů, ҽǽѵһٲɣ
ô, ˣټ÷ôԼ, Ͻ˺㿪ǴǷģٴҾͱˣ
÷׷ȥ, һȭͷļϴ㱨£첻åץߣ
ҲŻ:ǣȥҪǳȫ
ϴ, ˱, һ⻰Ͻģλ, Ҵˣֻͻʵ, ԭһΰɣ
˵껹, ÿһ¶ʮ㡣
ⷴöǸе, ͵͵ݸСһ, ǰһ˲ס
˵ĸλ, ƾ˾͸֣ܵ
ԱкܶΧ, ˲ûע⵽СʧȺ֮УѲᱨ£ĬĬ˿, һλĲΧȺҡ
ֻǷ, Ҳ, ܲܰҷˣ
˼׳ͦ, ̲ס:С˵Ҳԣᶼ˻ô
ǵ֮ˣŮ˵Ϸпܱۣܰѻ˵ô𣿡
ɻյԼϣ֮ţô˵أզأ
Ʋһ۾Ȱ죬Ȼһᡣ
Ļ䣬С˹ָ򹫰˵:ңú߷
˿ˣ۵һĨңһȾܣ״׷ˣûܳһԶͱץ˻
ͬ־ǱԩģǺ˵
ϧôǱȥɳ
ŵ֪ԭǸӷǿ/ŮɸŮδһֱͨ
¼ڹĸŮȥȪء
복ȪˮУǲԼͬ̾
СȻ˷ܣЦ˵̫ˣ˱ͷЦ
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ʵǻЩ£ʱԼĸһŮпܱǿȴߣȻйܲסնҺһжûз
ĸŮһһĵȺ÷¶һĨοЦ
һߣ«έ
ڸүӶǶ¡˶үӣؼʱȫӰֻܹ¾ս
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бͻȻһһЩûסƻ
̫үүԩˣûľơ
˵ţվ׼ȴְصɳϡ
̫үүҴȥгˡ
пȥ˰ɣˣ
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ӵͷɨһڸ첲ϵ֣΢΢㲻ôСģҲ̫үүͷûô֡
һ٣ӽ͵·нˤ֣һ߰ɡ
ֻЦЦּʣ̫үүŪú۰ɣСƢܲסͶԶͺˡ
ţá
˻ǰߣˣͣ䡣
ڽܻʱӳԼŮҵʱμӻ
Ը̫ƣʱƣǽԺìһҪֻìԽԽӰ޸飬֪𣿡
Ľܣ漴ӦģǻŬӪλġ
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ǽӹӣվÿһ״д÷ǳ
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סЦүӣôѽ粻ȾΪá
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ҲȲ˾ƣǸģ
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СǣĻô
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ллܣ֮ǰֻǾ֮ͶѣôصҲա
Ҫѵٸʱдһվװ߹Ҫǰ࣬裬ǿֶոһȦûҵˡ
񼴽ʽʼֶ˾ǣҲʵļ
ֶ֪ղûǳˣһ㶼ģȥƵңһǸԻû׼ǶҳԵء
Уҹȥ
г򼲲ȥϣֶˮء
Ա߻һСŮͷһʱ˭
Ҫʼˣôأ
ֶ̧ͷﻹż˵:ҴϽ׵һ׶ûԣǸ֣Ҷ
İɣˣȫ˶Ź㡣
У֪ˣߡ
ֶԱߵĹ꼦̧ͷʺãˣڱ仯ͦԵľȻջ󡣡
пŮֻöԷ죬۾ģһЦûоѣӦòֶոŮѡ
λ
ŮûϳԼֻЦҽܵ:档
кò֣ƴҲû˭
һãȻӣС˵Сѽ
ԭСлȻ򣬡Сϳˡ
׶԰ͬͬѧСǺСһֱϵСС֡
˶Сʱģӡ̣һŮʮ˱䡣
ҵʲô㣿
Ѿչ˾¼ȡˣ·ȥ
ǿս㣿
ǣǷԱ
ۣ
Ȼ죬ٿյֶ֣վеĴˣĬĬ˳˼ҵݡ
ʹֱιһ칷
ֻڽСţ۵ôߵĸ߸ЬվһžͲҪˣȥ˫ƽЬɡ
У㳤ôߣҴƽЬվԱ߾͸СײƵģҲɣ
ͲһΣ
²ܽͣˡѴ
Σֻܼš
ֶ߹ȥЦشǵĶҪʼˣǲǸôЬĴЬϴֵϴ֣ٵһʱ͸ùˡ
һ⻰С̰ѽųٴϸ߸ЬׯƯ
ʮӺŽһǵҰС
Ů͵ģŮճʱ໴ļ仹ӡԺУת֮Ѵϻɴ˱˵
ָоֻеĸײ⡣
ס֣οŮֻ齨һСͥͥȻҲȥп̫ѹ
˭˵ѹˣֻǸпʱ̫ѡ
̨ϻڼֶ˾ǵʮֺϸ֡
Ǹ˫ҳ裬̨ܾǻ䡣
ùظǾ裬еζӳ¡
ǴСһԼǸĺӣѳ˴ˡ
Сͷ촽Щ˸УĽһø磬Сûһ˹
ھ֮󣬶ǻһĻڡ
СͬѧߣһԾԾԵӣü۵ҪͰ˵ģ
˵ţ׳ŮǶõȴֺûȥԽˣҽСֶյĻ
СֶֹǺԼ˾ǲ׵û׼žŮ
СתõһЦˡ
ܵܣϲŶ
һܵСֶۣǿһĨЦα˵ллɩӣ
֮һҪȥˣǰµضڸ۳ǣҪ
ǺӰ͵лվһ
ô۾磬СǶʮֺ棬ϳ֮ǰŵȵ˸۳һܶܶ
۳ǲڵҲûع飬ȰѺߣǲ¶һĨġ
ǣ֣ҪתעǵԽԽˣ֮ǰ˵Ҫʮ뷨𣿡
ȻˣѾδ滮ˣ45ԺֺȲ˭ֹҡ
ǹ˾ô죿Ƹ˹
ѽǾ˲ֹܽ˾ڶ격ʿҶˣҿɵȲ𡣡
ţҲǣʱֻҪʱҾȥô
Ҫ㻹ǹԹԵҽѧʥְɣСʦңǮҲң͹һ棬ҪȺһġ
û뵽˵վǱˡ
һߣСֶûתǱкͰסȥ·
ϵģ
п̲ס²ۣһأҹģһɶأ
ż氮ֺֻʧԵСأ
ڱأ⻨͸ģûѡʵ벻ͨΪʲôҶ
ȥҲ
˭˵Ҫ͸ֻǹĸ
Ϊ£ûϸ˵ʲôǰֶһʣ̸£ڸ۳ûˣȥôԶĵطҲ̫ġ
˲ŻֶձЦˣİɣҸϵͬѧڸ۳ǣǲµġ
ģ
黹档
õı֤˿ڲٳüչ
ߣȥҹ˵һرóԡ
һкóԵģֶձ˭һŻһеļ򣬾Ҫ̵ĵߡ
ǻţ
ţһʩء

ֻ˵̫硣
ڷǰСֶնһλһˡ
Ůʮ꣬ޱӺܱ䣬ΪһֱЦͿûоѡ
ʹûоѣСֶȻеŮһģһ
һӴʻ˳ȥ
кͰ𾪱УƤ˼Ҷ档
ãҽл޵еܺ𣿡
Ů̧Ŀ䵽ܶˡ
ĬСֶյͬˡ
˵ĵһ仰:Ҹɩ飬͸ҵģ˵氮
Ļ䣬Ů۵һĨɻ
˵:ĵڶ仰:Ҿ飬㣬ûѣԸҵ𣿡
Ůڣ㲻Լḡ𣿡
Сֶհݵǰܲͬҡҡͷḡ˼ָ㣬಻ׯءҶ˵ÿһ仰ģ˵Ҳһḡ֮ˡ
ǰʻٿŮȻûЦģҺǰѸշ֣ʱ̸㻹ǻȥɡ
Сֶûκζ濪:˼˵߳ʧð취ѸͶ뵽鵱УҲ⵱˹ˡ
̵ζõĵ֮䡣
СֶΪԷܾʱŮȻͷͬˡ
ҽ룬԰ɡ
СֶһЦݣýһա
ʱ˿̣кͰȫɵۡ
û뵽ֻǳ̣СֶվȻѵˣ
ǰʶӣ͸ҼƵġ
ǵüСʣô죿Ҫȥ𣿡
¹ϵǰԧ졣°͹ȥǲȥ
͵͵ܲһ󣬵Ҳֶո粻¡
ǣֻССķˡ
һһŮ˺Ů˺ܰһһҲ̸
һкһֱڹעǣ缦òҲĬĬȺ
һСʱҪؼˣСֶŹԹԱ͡
ΪѣҪ˰ȫͻؼҡ
кͰĬĬ󣬱һ룬ֱ밲ȫ߽ţ˲
ȥ·ϣ̲ס²ֶۣո磬ովһ˵ô룬˼͸֡
Сֶյһۣû:ʧ׺˼룬Ҳ߰ȰȣɢעֻţǼ⡣Ҳ֪ĸܳǼ˳
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:˵Ƥ񣬻ûһأͳҵˣ
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184 Ǻ
«έ, ɳ̲󺣣ÿһ
Զɳ̲ˣСֶ, ܰѺ˸ȳˡ
־ھ̣ѹ˾ȫȨ
Ա, ȷǵݹ֭, ֵʮڡ
裬ֶܿոǸ, ңҵʹӦ£
תͷ, һǴİۡ
ֶһϱҾʹӦ, Ȼ̸
ҲŶʮ, ҰֶʮĻ, ǲе簡ȷ, ֺõζʮԡ
ϧ, Ǹһ, ۼ, ȫˡ
м״, ֻܼȷֲͣ
һ, СֶṲ̊ˣͱú֮ܰǰ, ߶ûꡣ
ⷴЩ̫Ӧװµʣôˣô٣
ദ, СֶŮѵԸ, , Ʋദʵĺ
ᣬСֶմȤڲ飬뿴ϲ鱼͵ˣϲ͵ġĿǰӦϲ鱼͵ġ
뱻ЦڲǾǧ֮ı顣
ʵҶϲٶೢԼ֡
΢΢ĻȣСֶֿ˻Уÿ춼һ֣һϲġ
ͷµ˻ֻýźůҲů
ӣֶÿ춼ŮѸ棬ֱС»ֲ˼ģΪҲҪؾˡ
θ۳֮ãСջֶȫǻ米ġ
ϵĸֹĽˣҲȥ۳Ƿϧûʱ䡭
СóһݳƷ͸
Ů˶Ҳ⣬ֻû뵽磬ԼĵһưŮ͵ġ
˵ŮСްŮá
֮⣬СǻһǳƯȹŮʿÿһġ
ǻģҾ۹⻹
ǰϣ޵۹ȷʵԺǹ֣ûţ־Ͳȥˡ
Ա˲廰:֮ǰҲͦĵģôŮͲҪˣ
û۹ѽʲôã
ǰժ·Żغ̵ģȫȥ˵Ĳ
СǼ״æó͸ְֵҲһǿ¿
֣ôϲ𣿡
ֻӵ۵ȾһĨЦ⣬ʮ⡣
һ̣òϻСӣȷʵͦ
֮󣬼Ҳյֵ͸ֶʱСЦǺǵҪ⣬㻹ҪһǳԷ
̸ˣС۾ȳʲôʱ¶
СֶհԼһ飬ĩ˻ŮѣǼ˾֪ˣǸرõĹ
˵룿
ԣʶ
«έôҵ䶼СǵȷʶԷ
ҸϽѧ㣬һǸѧԣ֡
ֶֻ֪Ǳˣǰڻѧǹ治֪Ǹѧԡ
СǼһȣ̸ģ˼ѧԶ֪
˵ӦʶŶԣҲųѧʱŴ£һֻʥ顣
ǰ«έѧУ:СѧУС
ѧУʱֶһֱ߳ƵֻС죬˵û֣ȷʵе˵ȥ
ദôãû̸ʱ¡
һǵĶԻ΢ɲü
Ȼ뵽һ仰:ķʽ֡
Ҳֶö˼ҵķģҲ˼Ӧֻ˳ˮ۶ѡ
ڶ죬СǺͻȥԼ
ڿʱСЦرãѧ㣬ҽѩѧʱرϲ㣡
̸һ֮ǰ䵭¶һĨǳЦҼǵ㣬绹ֹ㲥ңʱӡر̡
ᵽЩ£С˵ĻǣŮﳩģѻֵһԡ
ĬĬˣڷ㶵ĵܵܣʲôأˡ
ֶջع̲ס˵û뵽ԭҼҲǸ˵ЦС
һԵӣ̾
󣬴½뿪«έֻڼٳûߡ
ǿƤüʵʲô˼ˣ
ͷʾԼû˼
裬ܲܲȥ־ۻ᣿ȫһЩ˰ļһĲʺҡ
УԺھзչʶһЩѺ㣬ʹ㲻ԸȥҲҪֻò߸𣿡
ӵЩСھеĸгɾ͡
֪ҪھУ˳ǱŴʶһЩԺˣȴǵɡ
ĸ˵ֻܹͨԹʰջ˾С
Ϊ˲ĸˣۻ죬ȥ˷ͣ˿ӡ
˳ǴȥƵһ·ÿ˵ݱԸ񰮺á
֪СӲϲӦ꣬ʵҲҪ˼ʹϵ̫үүֵ˼ʹϵܸһӣҲҪԼС
֪ԷΪԼãеͷòӦһһῪ
ǵʱˡ
ϳ˳ǣæЦǺǵظк
˳ǰƵǰҽݡ
ҲǼˣͶĿ⣬ֵô󷽵壬ʮֵ
Ҷ֪ıԵֻмŵ竹Ӹ翴̫˳ۣӡ
ȹ˳³ȥ󣬱˴չƵ˵ǸʲôˣĶͨûͨ𳵣
ˣȻò˵ʲôû˵һ鲻
ԷȻû뵽ķӦһʱ֮䲻֪òظһ飿
Ӹ״һʱ߹ʣ԰ɣھ㣬ͱǡ
ŶԷŵһĨЦôǣ
ϹˣԷøֺҪѣֻҪǮˣԺ㣬׼ھкߡ
:з
ѶǮ̫࣬ҿûС
ΪˣԷһôԵķϸɡ
ԷʨӴ󿪿ڣһҽǮǲгŵô죿
ΪõǮԷ췢ĵ:İɣǶˣԸдŵģԺֻҪ֪һָĶĶ
ôĵľۻɵ棬оͦ˼
дŵҿҿУȥȡǮ
ӸһۣϽϲ
Ǻԥд³ŵ飬ӡ
ȥȡǮɣһֽǮһֽ
Уǵš
Ѳǵĺ߳Ƶ߹հ˹һɥƷ꣬һڤҡԪڣҵ̵⻹ͦá
СݼƷתҪߵʱɺײһ
ֵطֻ˵ǵԵ̫
Сȵؿʣô㰡Ǵݼ˭
мһѶְæҸأҪȥݼүү
ţȥĹء
֪͹ȥĳСûлĻ
Ҫ뿪ͱסȥ·һŮϻؼҲȫɫ:ȥ㶫һ£һԷ
СûͷӦˡ
Ӻ˲̣߳һոǼҾƵꡣ
ǰĺƵ꣬С˼ҪԷ
ôϵεĵطѲ˻ʵĿġ
ϧûע⵽ķӦ˼Ǽɵϡ
߰ɣǽȥʲôͣһеҪȳš
СԺɻûͱдƵ꣬һС¡
аѲ׸һ飬Ȼ֮ǰİȥ
ʱӸȵĽлˣЦ棬ˣôǮȡû
йżʣǿҹ£һٻǡ
Լɵȱ±֪Ӹһ䱸ʣǰɣ
ЦһһŶ裬ǻõģҲˡ
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˳Ƕıֺ⣬ͬ뿪ˡ
صЩǰͳһŷݸǣǮѳŵҰɡ
һӸȲؽӹŷҪ򿪣ȴгֹˣô࣬ǲ¶ڣİɣ֪֪Ҳƭǵġ
ҲԣӸֹסʾ˰ųŵ
õŵ鿴һۣǹһĨЦ
ֽպãֶ˵ڴҶѣȥһ档
ӸǷܵصͷȫԩͷ
ûҪߣѾ͵ҪȥƵǮˣǼ£Ǹټɡ
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Ӹ鼤߳Ƶ꣬ϻЦǸǸɵ棬̫ƭˣ㸸ĸǸ
ǰɵǮ࣬ȹЩûǮˣǼƭ
һ״ô죿ü֪Ǿˡ
ɵѽżͷ̲ᷴӦġ
˾úе㲻ٵˡ
һƧĽ䣬ŷ⿪ʼǮڵƹ谵ǲûпʲôǮֻΪһŰԪƱ
ټ˷ܺͽţǮ˸Ͻǧţÿһݡ
ʱиǮ˲ԾǮٵйĵط뿴ͼ˺ë㱻Ƶ
⣬Ǯ
Żδ䣬һ紵໡һ׳Ǯֱŵӡ
˼״æԼǮһҪ֮ȫһ
Ԫڣ˾ɭֲ
иȷӦӵǮɫͺ죬ǱǸˣˣߣȥ
˷ӦҲѵϧǻصƵʱûеӰ
֪²ʣ˵ȥһᱻЦټﻹųŵ飬ֻܳưͿ𶼲ҡ
ʱССһʳ
ӡ⡭ÿһ˶ǰԵġ
鲻Сܺղȥ
Ǽ˱ŵƨӣЦòãȥ·ƽˣ𣿡
СԸ˽⣬ͷš
˫ޱĴ۾һ˲ȻĪӡ
ڵһΪʲôԼֲ˼ڡ
Ϊ˻ĪΪһ⡣
ǿ԰ɣһؼҡ
ԼԷΪԼвˣ֮ҪԼؼҡСɫ΢죬Ҳűòˡ
ʱţת۵1997£۳ǽҪع飬Ŀ
ĳգݱֽüͷ߽칫ңûȶʲô£˵ЩС˵̫ҥзӪƷģȻţ̼˶
˵ţѱֽݸǣָ򱨵λá
ָȥ㱻Цˡ
ƪȫǺ˵˵
ܣѾϵ񲿺͹زʲôҪԸ𣿡
鵽˭ʹ𣿡ǮʹĥЩֽһǮŸô
ʱû鵽һᾡġ
ţȥɣ뵽ٸ㡣Ǻϱֽ෢͵̫Ѩ
֮ǰ˾Ҳ⾺ֻǵһСѹǵĶԼҡ
뵽꽫ǻʱ˼
ϻصң֪ü泩ļɡ
Щֽҿˣڵý廹Ѭġ
ǰ¶Լһ棬βܰ㿿ϣ²:ҽ춼췳ˣȻŻᱻ壬һѡϹҥ붼ѻ𡣡
֪˭һģ
˳˳ͷʲôܻϲҲ˲ϲС
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ܳ·ӱ֪뿪ˣû¡
ȥ˯һҽ㡣
ǵͷȴһ顣
صҸСֶմȥ˵绰绰ͨ󣬶ûຮѣ롣
һֱ«έչĸףСֶոۡ
Ҫ룬ɻʣС̣ʲô°
ѧ
Сֶոˣֻû˼ϸͣҪͥסַѸٹҵ˵绰
ڶ죬ȥ롣
ĸĸǰ񣬸ĸ￪źһСɫĸ׾ˡ
ȥֻ꣬ܶԳȥҲ˴ǵǵĹص«έչĸס
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С̣ȥ衣
ǰŵһԣʶػܣұ˲õúܰ
С㲻æˣҽ˵¡
ĻýȻͳһǮԼ뿪ֶա
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˿̣ǲ֪ԷԻ·˹ѪӰóһļŵϣʮֺͰȿ⣬ǻ
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봴̳
Ͼռ뷨Ƚ
ԣһ𴴽𣿡
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رʵȴĶòˡ
սȭͷ˾С̣Ը⣡


185 
˵ɾ͸ɵԸ, ȻһļϣûҪٵʱ䡣
밲־С¥רŸһ
ٹ껥ʢ, ־ҲתͣǰôҽӴбҪ
һվ, Ǹ⺺, Ϻ̳ģʽһЩ뷨, ±ȫȨ봦
Ҳ棬СС;ܶһ档
һ, ǵĹ˾ҲѸڸűֽ֣ʼ챨, Ҹұֽȥ˷ԺƱ
˵, Ը, Ȼѡ, Ըŵ, ߼Ҳûá
ֻҪԼС
ֵ, ٳû鵽Ļ˭, ʧȥһ˿ġ
⵽ô£
ϰ, ԼǸ
ұֽѾѯʹ, ǮһϷСӣɵҲȥ֪Ǽҳֻ, ʵǿճ
鵽Ϣȫж, Ҫ֪˭, ͱ뻻˼·²
֪һ, ˼Ƭ̣ȥԼһЩ˸زȥ°ࡣ
ҽԺ֪ʱҪȥ칫ҵȴ
ûһֻﴫһ޵
İԵø̶
ԺҳҽһҪָ̫ԩˣ
߳칫ңֻһʮĸŮڵϿ޺ͷŰײΧֽܶǮȫ·ֻҪ˸ҹȥǾͻ˦Ӹɼܡ
һԵĻʿʣô£
ʿԴ˴գС͵˵ɷ֮ǰҽԺܳɹǰĳԺȴˣǾûãԲܵ¡
ģ
ԣԺġ
šüûóֻӴ绰һ£ɶԷһֱûӦûн
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κΣվȰ
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Ϥ̧ͷպÿļˡ
䱸ŻŲ
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ĽΧۣܿΧˣҽʿǸϽָ
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Ҫѯʣͼһ˺Ȼӻͳһذ/ףֱ
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ոջڿֵŮҲһæԱ߶±ˡ
ҺӵķӦ죬ʱһɶԷûŹذ/׳ͱ
˻عϽ:Ƕɶأ˰ס
Էеû˸ǰա
һ壬˳ץסԷĸ첲ذ/׵ͬʱ͸һˤ
ɾ䣬ɢž˵ϡ
ҲһӸϵߣһŵûˣ
˵ţֱϸ飬԰׵С͸žδ
ˤڵϵ˻ûͱסˡ
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ŮҲû뵽˻ᶯӣ˿ѱ˵ʵҲʶǣ˵ҿֹҲŴģ
һֽСҽְ֡ҵרҽԺƣҵĲ״
оףǻϲ˼ΪվҪշѵġ
俴ˣĵһֲ²⡣
Ȱ꣬ɫѾ
ص칫ңֻվڴǵϸıӰһůĬĬ߹ȥȦڻ˵:߰ɣǻؼҡ
ǲͷ촽ỮգԾ죬ˣ
ţΪԺҽƾжԺûκΡ
ǼµأôҶӵ˾׷Ź
Ѿȥˣɹİɡ
ɿǣ֣ڿ칫ϵЩزʱ̲סЦҷЩôҪزˣ
Ǳ͵ģġ˵«έزôãһһȫġ
ⲻڴţ̳һҪĺܸȫ֪
ţҼСʲô㡣
ȵѹѹɡ
ţá
˼粢ż߳ҽԺӭ󺣷磬ҲŻȻ
ļ죬һֱڹעֶǼҽֵĴ
˵߱ŷġҲһ벻ףǾΪʲôҪӣ
ֻǮ£˵ȥ
˵ͶһվСֶӾܻܺ⾿ô£
ŮѸŮǿƵĴһװСֶֻøĶˡ
Լڵ̵꣬һʮᡣ
ôˣûдȥ
ôƺԼ裬ɫ΢죬ţָòʱ衣
СֶƤֻ⵱ɶԷ磬̻ûжͷλǼһҳɣҴСûиĸаңǽ飬Ұ裬һТ˳ǵġ
ıĻǣӦãһȥпա
ãҲȥүү˵һСֶյƲסѾʼ˼ҳĻ档
ӷǣ־ߣ벻̫ȷʣԺ«έǿҪһֱָأһ׼𣿡
СֶսҪ;·뵢ķչ
үү«έҵļң۽ȥ﹤ܲܰѼ˰ɣ
𴽽¶һĨǳЦŲҲࡣ
ǰ治Զ־磬žԽԽи۾˳
뿴ԷȻŲһ٣ⷴľٶСֶյע⣬Ŀ⿴ȥ
ǰѡԺ
һΣʶӿͷСֶðӰ˵󣬴вҲ
룬þòûһĿԽǵǿ׳壬ֱ۾
ݺСֶܲˬ߳òף𣿡
˵ͷ֪ΪǺߣɫ΢΢졣
ǵģ̸̸𣿡
á
ʱ˿̣Сֶյζӳ£˵Ĺϵ˻ԵԼСۡ
һ˲ˣ룬λǡ
ͬѧ棬ƺһ죬ŬΪ˴˽ݡ
ֻͬѧԻͷݵǰѣСֶһõЦݣģԱߵš
뱾Ȼȥתһ룬Ĭľٶ
·ߵ£Ŀģ˵ں[Դ]ܺվôһ¡
£ֻϵʽʾԼʡ
̫лˣҵƬܳɲɣһԷ
ֺ׼󣬱ֶջ־硣
ɶҲ־磬Ƭȥ˰칫ҡ
Ƭ۵һĨ죬˵ͬѧ뿪һ
ԣô˵ģҪʽڻûҵͶˡⷽȤϣܼһ档
һƬհ׵ǵȻԸץס֦ڶԷûһֻм˲֪
ܿ죬ǣ£˫־档
֣ͩĿǰͼͬѧǴҵǿϣĵĻҪһģʽ
֣ͩѹ˼Ľչ꾡˵Ͽ˵ҲҹܶͶˣ˾֮ˣľҲŻллܸμᡣ
̧۵׻һĨ͡ûӦҲûܾȥǿһ¡
һұۣǵֱæµ
ӼôæûͣǷΡ
֪ҲæǱŴҸæģ˭Ҳ˭ȴһھܾˡ
Ϊʲô˭ҲҪǨ˭𣿡
Ӽᶨҡͷã°κҲԼ͵
ۼ빫˾ûԶĲҡ
ҲУ㻹İɡ
֮£ֻ⡣
һºǻˣͬʱ鵽һЩϣǹڵҥߵġ
Ϸŵ칫ϣʮ࣬ԷպǾˣڹ⾭ӪһұƷ˾ʲôû鵽ڵ鵱С
պˣ
öǲɵĳұ̬С
ֻϣԼˡ
ʱһȥһн죬Ҳ֣ͩǩͶʺͬ
ȰЩæ꣬ʱ£۳ǻع黹һ¡
ͷС̸ľ£ֻҪػıֽ־رá
ΪôҼ֤ʷһ̣ʳáֲϢҶװ˵ӡ
˷ǳģ﹤Ҹ
ĳ죬ǽӵһͨ绰Ǵ򿪵ġ
˵ʡ˵ҪתÿȨʹȨһС«έûȤ֣
￩һ£һֲ̫õԤȻ
«έܽС֪ĸ𣿡
Է˼ڤ죬ֻ˵Լǵаٻ
еԤбӡ֤˲伱ˣСȥϵЩô죿
ӵܻأΪ˵ġ
ҵ绰󣬶˼ȥȥõСĿȨʹȨ
ֻܱסһС
صң¸߸֪֧ľһȥǡ
кСǵ֪ϢҲӾиϻԭ˫бС
ٻ˵Ƿ
һ˺ò״һȥǵ·һֱǻЦ
СǺţһ˵Ļ
GСڵʲôϵҷǵļƵѽ
вؿʵú֡
СƣСǷԱȤòǺܳԵѹϵ
Ǹ񾭻û׿ϣСǹüҪ̼һ¡
˸СܶأˣԺСǰƣһ˼Ҷ˶಻á
СҪȥףֻĪƣֻ̫ȵԵʡ
Էʲô֪𣿴һҪ۾Щ֪治֪ġ
Сʮؿ˾Ǽʶ֪
̼ٹһأҲȻ⸱С
˵ԷǸرСҲϲɻӦúйͬԡ
Цһֻܲͬ˵ְҵͬÿ°඼Ҫһѵ𣿡
ʲôѽֲһ࣬ĿϰҲһĳЩ˼ʵª
вۼ£ٴˡ
ǵĶԻûָɵȢϱƻеĥ
ǵѾǵڶ硣
˵ĿʹȨϽʮҵļ۸ܻ˵ʮĿʹȨ
ֻǰͶ룬ҪڵĻѲǾ޴ġ
׼ͣйزʱ֪⣬һҪ°ٻ
ҾٻҪһóһСķ
ģҲ˵ҪǺü졣
ʵΣӴŶȥ׵ĹӪꡣ
ѱɳУֻܰѳԷʳ
òʱ򣬶ûŹκһܡܿ죬ƷСɽһ̨
ԱǵһôĿˣ϶Цǰˣ֮͸һżޣΪĽƷ
Ȼ޵ֲڣǺϲ
öá
ͲŹˡ
ôõû
ǵͷйòˡ
ֻǺ˭۹һҲ˰ٻ
һ֪ˣֻͽա
ļ죬ûٺ˼룬кСαǵĶϱ
Сֱۣ裬ֵľͷҲ̫˰ɣˡ첻ܷ㡣
һҲҪ㡣
ǰѸ·У䣬ҼкãԹֻԹûô໰
СǱ죬С֮«έһʱߡ
Ȼ趼ˡ
ڶ磬һйزţӺȥҡ
⣬ﻹżԱ⻹װĵˡ
ƫλأ۵״һĨЦЦ
ǿĳ࣬ú侲ҲֻǵؿûжķӦ
úüɻȿڵôȥǵı仯󣬻ǵ˭𣿡
ֱ̬ұо㻯ɻϵãֻǲ˳˼
˭Ҳǵˡ
ĲŭЦ뵱ˡϵĲˮᴵ˴ֺһڣ˵:ǵҲͦã½һԼҽкģӢƤأĿǰ׹
΢ɲüȷڱԼ˭ˣ

л˵


186 ٻ
С, ۾ȣšǸŵĺģû뵽ʮ겻㾹Ȼģģ

Ļһ, ˽ԾǼԱ, ٿ񶼱ˡ
ĳ, ĿתضӾһŻĶߡ
ǰ, ˫ǰӰӵĿ, ·һһ
Ա״ϽԲ
ĺȻЦһ, ɫָֻ糣
ô˵, ܱŮʿס, ҵҡ
秵, ǻֱƤ, ˴ֱ, Ҫ˵ĳ嶯
Ҫ, Ҫ͡
, Ա˫ϸ˰ٻĵλá̬
ȫ10ƽ, 50ʹȨ۸50Ԫ
50ԪɲǸСĿǾûκα̬
˰ٻ⻹һСҲκ, 3000Ķ۸10Ԫ
ϽϺ, Ա˫, ֪Ƕ԰ٻȤ, ٻֻһʵǸСҲλú򻷾ٻƣҪһǼ۸ˣһѡһ
ǲ˵ĹһĨЦ:ô۸̫ˣ
ѽȷʵͦʮԪͶʺܶĿĵɶãڻǮ㡣
ô˵һ˲漴뵽ʲô۵׻һĨ
Ϊķ˰ٻСʵ裬ǽԪô죿
ǿ԰ǸСûԱ˵Ļ࣬ʱԪŲµȥ
о취У㲻֨ˡ
΢΢üָ棬ڲ²⻰Ǽ٣
ǰķӦʾ⹤ԱȻϲٻҾͰɣһСĿʹȨ
˵˼ά˵˭ҲΪ˼ֻĳﻨʮ򵺡ĳ˼һ˲Ҳž֣ʮһСĿҲѡһ
⻰һڣڳССڡһ´վŭʲô˼ʲôʲôǲǣ
ǰקϣҲһŭģ̫
ӣİڳһ޹״ⲻܹң˭ðٻ̫ء
ʱ˿̣ԱѾأ˫бˣ˭ﲻ
󣬹ԱϢΪɣٹ
סıݾﲻ̫Զûɵظڸĸ󣬶԰ٻҲ֪ʮԪǸСĿȻʧ䣬ȴʲôҲû˵
СǼôֱεҡҡͷ绹ҪϷΪݼ棬ʱ˵ʵ뷨
뵽һҪ緹ֶûʲôʳӴȥݸĴ˹򼸵θĲ˴ԡ
뿪СǺ裬ǸĸۼгҺûѽ
Щ£ǶСǵúǱ˽գȰǰŪ׺СǱɫͺ죬ô˻뱨ǣǲǱ̬
ɲǱ̬ôĿǰڲԶ΢Ц
겻ɢ
סͬһұݣҲǻ
ϧ֮˺֪֮˹
ǣ䣿
СʶصǰͬһֻըëСϻ
ҲʱϹü価Ǿ衣
ļ״ʶغһһ˿ᳰֲħֻ֣ѣų𣿡
ʵǺܺôµĿʲô
ıݣкԣСָ߳Ŵɳ˵ӣȥǱ˵ɡ
ţȴǰֹˡ
ɳϣȻ˵֪ʵСʱ棬ʱܿɰ
΢΢ü죬ҲûСʱ
Ȼأ
Ȼ󡭡ЦԸǶƶʵĹȥȻȥʱѾˡûӣҾɷ򡣡
öԭء
ϧûӵı񣬸û취ʱͬգҪһУֻҪ飬Ҷ͸㡣
һ̬ϲôֻ꣬þ㤡
ϲҵķʽСĨҵĹ˾
Ѿ֪࣬νʼ磬ֻʹһֶΣϣܾ߶ѡ
ôΪǵö˵ĳ嶯Լ̲ס֣վȥ
ԼҲ飬ٸ鷳ǾͿ˭Ц󡣡
µ˵Ƶؿʮţһһõ㣬ʱС͸㵱ɣĿԴ
ֻЩƨֱŮСýġ
ŷ˻ʱͱһ˫ŮԱߡ
ôˣ
֣ոǸ˵ţܲãȥһҪעⰲȫ
𱡴ѷ˽ǣԼתȥ˶ǵķ䡣
򿪷ţֻڴ߿ٻļϲûһ˿á
߹ȥ£ҲûԷĹע
Ǳָĳʣոպͺʲô
Ǵļ̧ͷ˼ҪҪѺ˵Щɷ
˳Դף뻹ˡ
ûʲôֻǸ԰һڵۺʵ
ڰͷ˵һǶǵĻ̫ģʹҲΪģֻȥЦɡ
ʲô˼˹أͱյ
һ㣬»صҡ
¶һĨгЦݣȹԱ
ǰɢϢ
ܿ죬ԱļŴҵ:оɺĿʹȨ
˵ţļݹȥϸϺתúͬȿһ£⣬ҸʱѺͬǩˡ
ĽӹļһۣǹһĨЦװڴͳֱʣԹԱ˵СҴ͸»ӣھͰѺͬǩ˰ɡ
ˬˣԱæȥҹ֤¹һʲô۶ӡ
ڹ֤Աļ֤£ĳɹĿʹȨ
һг䶨߸߾ļԶ˵㿴ֻǵһӾʡ
ǸС˵־ǴӰóһǩõĺͬչʾǰڴʶһķϣȻҾͳȫ㡣ٻѾҵˣһһԴϲ
΢΢һ˲һУǣҡ
ѧʼ磬Ȼϡ
˵ҪƾݣԼðٻ̫ģڳǿɶء
ԱʮͬصͷҺͬѾǩˡ
˿̣ıۣǿصʲôãΪʲôҪƭңǣҲˣ
Ļ䣬ͻȻм߽ң²ͳ֤ģթƭ͹ˣ鷳ڸһˣ
ĳúĵһĨңǿװ򶨵Ҳ˵ʲô֪˭𣿡
˭㶼һˣģʱ䡣
ȥڿҪߵǰʱ򣬺ͻȻƿӲһԾԳĴ˳ȥ
һ¥״ϽԾȥ׷ˡӺҲų⣬ǷӦʱֻʣСǺͱɵĹԱ
ĵͬѱһϣﲻϺԩ
裬ô죿
ԼﲻʲôæңϵĺͬǿԼ侲һܲץסˣǶصᵣĵġ
СǾеվĿתض⡣·һӻкˮ޳
ʱһĺͬ
ӺһǰһѺĶм䡣
һʱ֮䣬սš
һˣҲܺá˫ȭӣϾŨŨĺ⡣
㣬ǻҵӣֻ̯һүүȻƾʲôȢ
ҽɱңпһоƿ֮С
ʹСǲ޸ңҲ޸ˡ֪СʱƾٻȴԹ£һڵİ
⻰ĵ۵𾪣ɵ:ô֪ģ
ÿ˶Լۣ۾Ƕβ׵Ĺȥ
ʱҰ꣬ʱȥֱҪϻؼҰ򣬱ϴԶ꣬Ҷ˵ԼǱġ
ҪǼ꣬ʶ˶ǣܻ͵͵óԵĸؽ硣
ȥΨһҵβʵĹȥͳд̡
޵֪һУһʧصķӡ
ӣôȥҵҸ
˵ţѻȭͷ˵ȥ
ɶ㿪
˿̣ѹܲô࣬ȭֺֿݣ۵׻ɱ⡣
м״Ͻæ
һľ棬úĽ·硣
Ҳ߸ĺհηˡ
ǿɷͶƽʱ߸һ˵ء
СǱǣʣôץû
һЦش𣬡ģѾץˡ
С˿ߣûٸĸݡ
вԵؿ˼:ΪʲôҪߣ
СǸɻ󣬱ק²۵ȻؾҸ㱨࣬˽̽㣬ⱲӶǵ¶
һְࣿоʣĶ֤𣿡
Сֻںߣˣ˼һת⡣
Ȼ֤飬ȻȥҾ͸㱨
һߡ
ǱǣĽֵϣȴһ㶼ƽ֪ôͺĵЩϾ˿Ǹ̳ӡ
ô˵
̧ͷװһδӣղŶ챻ˣһû񡣡
Ϊ棬ͣ½Ųӵ
ԺĲٳˣթƭߴֻһ㹻ε
ߴôƭİ
ôȤʣڻ˵㣬ô£
ۼҪߣĻԱģżһǣ˵֪ô£ʱд˰ɣ
𣿡
ԣûô¡
ٰڳ࣬ǸϽݣתƻӽԺҾǵˣǲӦöұ³ƺ
ʲôƺŵ
ԵģԺҽСǣҪҽжŵǵ֪𣿡
ЦӦõغһǵѶˣصֶǿһ:裬Ҫǵ
кܲӦ˵ʲôĿڣΣֻȥˡ
ҹ̹
ŷһһ飬ץʱµ˺ۡ
һ۵ḧԹô˵һ˵ͷô죿
ӳʮָۣ벻
ǵţ
ʱƺá˲ζ
ڶ죬«έ·ϡ
ڸʻûᡰۡ
м״Щ֣²⣬ֻ費ƺ
Ϊ˻εգǣʲôʱؾѧϰҪʱҪǰæ
һҪزӣڼҴ졣СʱȽϿԣڼ㳤
㲻ȥô죿
ģȹæҲġ
ǵģֱ˵Ҳ⺺ﲻʲôæģҵĻȥúѧϰǵµˡ
СǱӦȴ«έһʱ䡣ĴǣѧҵͥȫԼˡ
ص«έ
÷֪ǻʮʱ鼫Ϊӡ
ǼǮֺܿģһ˿𾪡
˵ǸԪסĵط
Ϊͨˣ÷ûȥٻֻ˵Ư
ԣаٻԺ󺣵ãһȥ
λҲܹע¡
ҵǣĳܶࡣ
˼:ÿһǶһ޶ģǧҪƻС̬
֣µشӦʾ˺ٻֺ
׻˵רҵ¾Ҫרҵʿ
ڿ֮ǰרҶ԰ٻ
̫ۣСҲæǰæ󣬾ܼʱԡ
ò˵ŮæǸоɺܶࡣ
ڴæòɿʱλ֮ͲԶ«έֻΪ˺ͶǼһ档
ԳǺĵŮѡ߲ƣʮֵ
˴ȥң£δȿ֪İ취ܶ࣬ȳʵǱԩģûɱɷ򡣡
￩һ£ʣ˵ϴҽֵ£ɵģ
Էͷ溫ĺԩᣬǷŹ
ǰλŴ󷽵Ůǲʵ֪Ǹұǰ޵Ϊܰұ
ԷֻǵͷӱӦ֪µġ
ܻı䣬Һܺôû֡
һֵõĴԷȰҲǿ󣬡˼ûôı°ﲻ㣬ԤıɱɷҸŹ
ĽŮ˺ʧ¶ɫָ:ĳӲҿˣ
ǶеͬģŮ˺οΪŮˡǸִԲֻ첻ߵջǵ۵ͬģֱӰ˸ˡ
Ұ㲻ȥҪмꡣôĺŮӦܵȵɣ
㡭Ů˱ɫͺ죬ڡһվҲȥˡ
л˵


187 Ů
, ӿȥ°ʱͼǱһСܲˬӡ
ֱʱÿһζΪ, ҪС
Ǵ򿪳ϸʻĿǰûɫ
ʱ, ĬֻԽԽ, ͷ/ףȿʣǲˣǺʱ᲻ŵ, һʶ
Ұѹ˦ˣǲ㱻Ц, ҹŮСްĿѽĳ, մ˽Ƶ, ˶˲
ָ˸ȷɻǳԼġ
û̿, ǲͷ:ôˣҪҪȥԵóԵģ
СС, ʱһӦ, Ļ, ͱ, ܱܲóԶң㵱ǸԻ𣿡

û, ȴ:ɲǸСԻ, ô̰Ŵ
ǲ֪˼룬һֻ:Լأ
Զɣ:ȻҴȥɢ
ֵʢ, ȫοͣϲ̫ϲ˶ĵط, ҡҡͷȥ
ϲöûܴ򶯷, ӸԴ, Ҫȥûģ
̧ΪôڽϿˣ
ţ𣿲ҡ
¿ˮɹ档
ǾҰɡ
΢΢𴽽ǣʻ«έĴС
ﻹ֣ܰС
Ľ־̲סź߳
ʱһȥ齥ò̫ΪֱߵСͦ࣬ȴû
˼ȥʶһƭ
Ƿңתһ׵
ģǲǺأ
ѾˣҳϣԼһû꣡
ǲµ˼룬ӲɵЦżڴȥ򡣡
΢ɲüڲ˵ڸʲô
ʻӣһ¥̧ͣͷ⣬ǵ¸ǵСסʺܸߡ
ڳһ£ϻ
˵ţ³ĳһ¥ȥûãһֽڴ򿪳˲䣬һе˱Ƕ
ǰһ˼:ˣ
ţôʧ
ãЦеشӣ˲䳵ζ
Ӳϲζ𱡴ӲͦסûԼȥ
ǻؼٳ԰ɣ
Ǽ̵ô࣬ãţģؼٳԡ
Ȱŵ䣿
ãںУϲζ

Ϊӱõ飬ӰӹԹԷŵֻǶ챻ɳζˡ
ΪˣؼҵĳԼӿ࣬ڲǹǰС
صң÷ӣĶİȥгû⡣
һѴϷģǲ֪Ұԣ
⣬˶ԡ
Сһ߳Ա߸̾裬Ұ̫ˡôȻ뵽
Ԥıɡ
ǶʢĹ¥鷿ӱζ
´򿪷ţǰ飬ˣǿһĨЦ
ǳ԰ɣҲ̫ϲ
ǸòȻӣЦ߹ȥӷŵϲһݵ˵:أǶԣ㲻᲻óԣ죬ι㡣
Ϊ౻ιʳֻԥһ˲Թſ˽ȥ
ζ¡
ôܺó԰ɣ
ţС
¶һȳʺѿı飬һͣٳһ飬أô뵽
ʶһ㶼ٳԵڶ飬֪㰮ԣǰѴк
Ҫܾðɣ˼ұѬǺ
ʮͬصͷԼ·ϱѬˡ
ԾǿȻ:ûʲô˵Ļ𣿡
΢΢һתƻɻأȴǰ嵽ˡ
㲻˵Ҫԣֱ˵Ϊֹ
飬ȻһְʯͷԼŵĸо
Ǹľ
Ȱ£ٸġ
ЭˣǰŻȻһ£ú࣬İɣ˵
Ϊҽֵ¶Ǽ£ûκ
˲ɫһ䣬ڿ˵ˣôΪʲôҪң
֪ԼģҲȻƽеķŭ
֪ڱǶ˵֮ʲô𣿻УֺңǲԤһ죿
£ӲȻȣҲҪҪ㣬ˣԲ𡣡
ӣ̫ˣ
˫뵵˫Ӱ§֤:ģԺҲˡ
˵ģ´һιӣʹһ²Ž
ſǹζӰͷľӦãԺġ
ڶ죬ζСűӰһ飬ֿͨ죬Ÿоǹɳζʧ
û죬ص«έ
ĵҪܶ⣬ͨˮ磬ͷйزߣȵȡ
ЩʱҪķѴʽ𣬲һʱ֮ܽģֻϣܰŽһһ㡣
СȥͷôණæǰæȤǴְ˰ɣүүְ֪һ㡣
ղסӵĳ嶯£ϴץģϵ˺ЩҸ˵ƣǸ۳Ѹҵģ˵رá
ǸТ˳ӣֵû£Ʋҩܺˡ
Сĸ첲ײæɵ
ûֱӻؼңȥ˶ǵĹ˾
λִ෢죬ͬʱ߶һϢĿǰо̫ܹ硣
Ҳò˶ãٻҪ׵¾ܽϵõ⡣
ϢǵЦ˻ŮãŹ֣ܸ㷢죬ҪǶԼرã
뵽λҪס죬һ
ٹ٣ڷż֮ǰǻѧȥѧУÿΣô
[«έ˽ѧУ]ҲлĹɷݣҲûʹӦˡ
С:ôݽ㲻ҪҪҺ˵һ
ҡҡͷʾԼܹ˷
ܿ죬[«έ˽ѧУ]ѧǱӭþһΡ
˻СǣҲݽ˵С
ֶѼҳ飬ȻȻҪ˽иɩ
̨ݽǻ磬ΪŶͯΪĿѧң«έܾдɫʡ
һ̨ӭͬѧ
ǵ飬粻Ծض죬̬ܿʼݽ
ڽ̨£СһݵԵС˵֪ҴСͳݻ磬һֱѧϰİѧվݽرģ룬Сʱгݵż𣿡
գһ½ë˵СʱżǡɫĻ
СһʱûӦ漴㾪гǰɣżȻֶո磿
Ӧôɫˣšʱ;Ϊ˲45ȽǵִŲһۺһͺ˸
ˡɫĵݣСǵһ˶СֶյĽɫôߵۡ
ʣͬһѧУ飬ûд֮ģ
뵱꣬յܶ˿ء
ûУҾҵֲ̫ÿЦһЦԶʱһЩ¼¡
һˣ֪ιȥ𣿡
ҡҡͷûиĴ㡣
ʱԶھеֶմһ磬ҽƴѧҰ㿪һ«έ
⼸ѧϰ죬ȳ죬еӺƭԡ
Ժҽһû߳ȫС
ڼ֮ǰѾϵŽ䣬ȹλ«έ˻زȥ
ҸСصˣֻûջȥ
뵽⣬û׷ʡ
뾩ǰҪҪȥƼǻصһһĽʺޡ
ֶüëⲻǿֱվԺ
ͬʱڿվԺʳá
ͬѧƣĮԴ޾ɫ
ٵԵı֮Ȼڻ
û뵽ԩ·խǲû뵽ǻᱻֵһطҼסˣԺҵĵطûĺùӳԡ
ֻڷƨŷüù·ÿ
ԴǴ¼֮˲κνپĵ̣ԲŸôš
и£ʮƣ˵˭ǹأŲҳ㣿
ʱΣʳ˲Ǻܶ࣬˼ִҲֻһֻ۱һֻۡ
еȻ䣬ǰŻŲȥ󲮸״֪Ž̲ģпܻȡ
֪˵ȫԣֲǰָֻУӳһݻߡ
ƣһһϳȥ
ܿŭ극뿪ʳá
˭Ҳûע⵽ʳýڳԷ
һλǸٵĴ󲮣һλʲ˾
ҺƢͦƽʱĸܽ𣿡
˾ɫã￩һ£ȷʵĸ꣬ûй̺ܽá
˵Ǻ˭ʶ𣿡еıһòϡ
ǸٵĴѧͬѧʵش𣬲κ
֮ǰһСڣһȥ֮һúٵġ
ļ£Ȩʣһøҡ
һ˲漴ͷӦ¡
һߣ˵ң̷¸ϴõķȥԺ⡣
ֶպͰʱ²ôп
СֶЦ߹ȥļ˵ҺͰϻ«έ費ҪӴʲôȥ
һ𳤴ķС˴˾ƨŷ൰һܿǵնģ
ǳ˵ǼţôԶңҲ˷͡
ͦͨ͸СֶմЦɲҳģǰġ
еһûټƽϣǡ⡱СܻᣬжǰæӴȥ
ܿ죬һһ׶ߵë߻СؽСֶϡ
СֶһȦˣǵϴˣ
ûС
ǡ͸Сǵģ
Ȼǣ͸ģˣ

ֻ˵Ͱ·ͻױƷ֮Ķǻǵһοôëߡ
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ȷ͸С̵ģ
бʵЩͷǽ͵˵ŮΣڰԲء
һ׶ߵĴܣСֶɵɵʣɶŮΣ
зӴͷҲͲ˸ٸǶ˵һϻ
ȥ«έ·ϡ
ͨںӾϵëߣԾЩ˼顣
˵дôһֻܣǸŮΣʲô˼𣿡
Сֶü룬Ůε˼ʱϲΣ
лëߣΪСʱû򵽣һֱ
һúе
ϾС̵գǾҲҪԲһŮΡ
⣬ŮѵֶգԼзȨ
ʱŮϲʲôȻٴɸѡͺˡ
Уġ
һ·ϣ˺ܶ࣬ѡѡ
ֱ:֪־ƯͷռǱƯȹӺ͸ʳ
ЩǵͬŮϲĶ
ǰѡ֪־ȥƯͷռǱҲûʲôⱻȥֻʣƯȹӺʳ
СֶƷƷò̫⣬벻õ⣬ֻݶ
ǵ«έʱǵڶ峿
ֻ̫ۣǾȥǼܡ
壬ŵ÷
̫̫ûֻһֻܣʵһ
ϡʲôⰡ
Сֶմܺ߳ЦǺǵѣҡҸСӴ㶫
÷ýݣʱʱسֻܣ˷Ѷ޻ǰܼҡ
Ӷ¥һ۾Ϳܣʶʣģ
СֶմɳվﻹܣģҰӴġ
ҵģǿ첽ߵǰӹëܣЦݱرãֻܻͦɰģлл
ںÿ춼æѧϰͶƷûԼȤãʵϲЩë޵ĶΪ̵ֻѡ
̥磬ѷûëߡ
Ŵܣůůա
Сֶտϲ֪Ůʲô
ûʣҲһϲ
Ȱߺ󣬶ǱŴϲ̵ػҡ
˯һûѡ
˯Уоֱȥ§ˡ
ë޵ĴУЩ㱣һʱ֮侹벻ʲôڡ
ڵôôࣿ𣿡
ԸУĶһԣСӦȡ
һ򴫳ģ˯ֺ£ȥﻹС૵ԡұһ
һ룬һë
˯еһ£˫üһ£Ĵлڣһëô£
ɲǼֻۣëһ޹Ŀӷ·˵:ңҵģ


188 ֪̳
ꡱһ
ǾЦһĻĽ
һ, Ѹƿëߣ̧ܾѰԴ
ڴЦԼʱ˲һС
ķ, Ҳ֮ó磬Ϊһֻܡ
ԸԴ, ǲӦû͸̲סЦ, ŵһԵĴͷϡ
ôôԼŶֱ治𣿽һ
ո˯, Цⶫģ
±ë, ¶һĨС⣬Զ͵, ҶҲǸСް

һ׶೤, ռط
һܶ, Цر, Ҫȥ˯, Ҹ˯
ӣ
Ϊһ֮, ôܱһֻëвͥλ
󾭹, ֻƽʱĶν, ˯λ, ԲռĴλܰռŵĻ
ǵͷӦȴǱ˯Ҫȱˡ
, ⣬ȫصС
ǰǽе˾칫, ҪһЩǶ԰ٻ뷨
Χڻǰ, 鶼˷, ܲ뿪ĵǶˣ
Ⱦ֣˵Լ뷨϶ʻҪʻֳôڻгҵһһãͶʻ׬⡣
ûȶǳֶպȻ廰:򲻱ϷҾڻĵϽܻһǮξء
˺ܲҪ̬ξ㣬Ȼ̬ܲ⵽ƻ𣿡
һһ۲ݣʱСǾ֣ʾԼи⣡
֪Ů࣬ǵڴ뷨
ҶڿԼСǿһɤӡ
ȻóԼһаٻӡ
ٻʮƽ˻֣һݣҹֻܿө滹ܿ췱ǣ֮ҪܶܶСԪһرĵģ
뷨ֶսһ㶣ͬ:СҪܶǮôදһʿûдè˭ɽˮȥϿ򰡣
ǵǺŲͬ⣬ΪСǵ뷨
ˮƽߣǽ󣬶ǻ׷
ûðٻ׬ǮԻ᲻˰ɽˮⲻĿǷΧ֮ڡ
һ˼Ǻ˾Ѱٻɶ԰Ҿǵ뷨
ʱ⿪ϵĶﲻҲȥģﲻһС
ûϵʱϲּҲöĵķˣȶ԰źһÿյϵšʮ˰ɣ಻ٸոպá

ֶȻ뷨̫УִҲֻЭ¾ٻĶȥˣһҪæ
Ƕİ缦Ծ⵵һ֪⡣ԶǺС֮Σһܳɹ
ڴȫͬ£[ٻ԰]Ŀöˣ
Ŀ꣬ҵĸɾ͸ˡ
ͬʱֶҲıǵվۻᡣ
ΪףҵСǣ֪ʲôŮģʲôʱԸûɵģ
˵ҪۻᣬС˲ͷô죿Ҳڸﱸջᡭ
Ҫһ죿
˻һۣһļϡ
һߣھС
һֽһ칫¥ǰ
С֮ǰѵ࣬ҵ֮󻹸֤㿼һʡܳЦ̸
֤֤ǰһţԺӾ徻ˡ
¶ʰ¥ѧֺѵ࣬ûҵдѵķ䡣
˼ƣæ߹:˭
аֽݹȥ᲻ԼҴطˣ
ԷָֽȾͷ˵ѧȥҵ
ûֽʾлȻָķҴҶȥ
ûκӣղûҵƾӪвòǷɿ
òţܿ洫һ
ƿź󣬾ͼǺģѵ࣬ǺģȤࡣ
סһĳ嶯վſûûһˡ
ʰ𣿡
Ļ£һĹﳯ
üһ˲һ䣬ôҲѧϰģ
뵽Ϊ˺ͱףȻѵ࣬ĵĪЩơ
ĵС⣬ߵǰͦظ˵㲻ҰҾǡ
д:㲻ǽôֽаˣ
˭и˵ɣ㵽ʲô£
ˣɫ죬ǽ￼֤ڿʦ
СľȣȻֱʵ˵ѵࣿ
ԡ
İɣ̰ᣬһ˳֤
ı֤жõ֤ġֹ⣬ôְǵԱĶô𣿡
ȻУֻϢʱҵѡ
˱ıЩģŸСС
Щģ𣿡
ѽײỵġ
ͬˣСһģͣΪʲôôຽģ
СҲǺģȤ࣬ȤҲٶ౨һࡣ
ĻͳǮ࡭
зõļڣӭ43ա
峿ûѣһ簲ǡ
˵ĺˣһǹ˫ƵԶԶġ
Һ˯һ
ɣ˳棬ǻ¥µأ˵Ҫȥ档
һ仰öǳɹۣشӴ·¥
Ӹҡͷ
ʱˡ
÷ݸÿһϣˣָϵ˵԰ɣһͲóˡ
˼״ȫöµĸо
վǺãӦðҲһ
곤棬СóһƯСȹչʾǰһ˷ܵ裬ôȹഺȥҿ
ȹӵɫʮַۣǿòУֲɨˣӹȹ˵лл
Сûʵ뷨ڴߴٵ컻ϰɣƤôףһܺÿ
ȹ̫¶ҴֻԴ׵ġ
봩ֻ˦ϧӲϣֻ¶첲㱩¶Ҳúÿ
Сȥɣĺܺÿ
˵Ȱ˵£ֻùȹȥȹӺؾǰתһȦ
۷۵ģȷʵƯоһʮꡣ
ڱõټʣƽʮͷȹӣ˵ֻжʮ궼š
߳վǰ۵׽ǻһĨޡ
Сǰǵĸ첲޵裬̫ˣŴֵöá
Ůڵǻһ˿ߣ˵ɣҴѽ
գǿɲôʦڡ
Ǵ氡ȿա
Сʱ󣬵԰ʱǱ𾪵ˡ
ֻ԰ÿһ䶼ɫ򣬺ܶСפۿĸΪǺӰ
򣬻˴ſͨ裬ڶҳһȻǲ԰ʲôӻ
ȥСǣ˲õģ
ǣֶո⣬ϲ𣿡
תֶգϲãлл㣬Һϲ
ֶղ˼ͷԱ̯λһ޻͸ų׳:ЩϷĿҿԷ㵽ס

ϷĿġ
ǲ㣬Ǹûл㡣
òֺˣֶ̲ס²۵Ҳ̫ˣ˵ôСһġ
С̧ۿ˵ڶûŪһ¡
Ǿ:ͬ־Ǹ̳ӣôעڱ̫أ
԰ʩǺܶ࣬úܿġ
ֱÿһĿһ飬žù񫡣
԰ĴԹЦ
ÿնһٺʴͣҲ⡣
ΪܰѺüζС˺¥ׯĴ
Էصں߱
ʱҲõûȻһ£Ƿ׷ó
Сֶ͸ĳǵǩ˵ǵŮϲǡ
Цеؽӹֶյﲻ
Сǿһ۰ְֵֶգ̲סĬӡ
Լҵܵôȱ۶Ҳͬ顣
ֵʱ˵Ŀȫϡ
Ҳܺ˽͸ʲô
ֿտգСĸ첲֣أ
ʱӴ¿ڴͳһСӣϵһᣬַһԼϵȥġ
ǽӹӣûļ鱦ı־Щװʲô
򿪿ϲ𣿡
˫ֽգüһ˿ڴ
˵ע£Ǵ򿪺ӣӳľһԿס
ԿϸϣʲôԿ׺󣬾֮ûҰѴ˵ڡ
Ͼֻǲ²⣬һǣֻձΡ
ʵ:ʲôһг
СҲڿǰԿףûϳְֲ̱꣬һгģôҲҪĦгС
ǱЦҲŴȤţƿĦгҶϵá
һһͰѻ𽥴ƫ̴ǣⲻĦгԿףҲгģġ
ǾǷԿ¡÷չһۣҲûϳʲô
Ǽֳӻ⣬ЦŴߴٵ:ͱˣ˵ɣʲôԿף
ͧԿס
Ļ䣬˽Ծ:ʲôͧ
˵ֶͧңԶİֻڸ۾￴һ¿ˮʣ壬ͧҪǮأ
ǵӾֺֻͧС͵ģûǮ
֪СͧҲҪʮԪ򵽣ջƽ鷿ʵǮͧʮ˽ǮҲܳʮɣ
ڻ谵鷿˰Ȧ֮䣬֮ͣǰѧ˲٣óǮġ
ˣȻһ£￩һ£ڻûгɣ
ûУȫȡͧˡ
ô˵Ƕʱ˿Ϊںһ꽫ᷢһΣȻ磬ܶ¼ͺͬĿǰһƬãҪСΪϡ
ǻأڳɣ
ܰɣ
ţ¶˵
ʱ˿̣Χպá
ӺȻͷסĴ˳ȻϵĲӻӦ
ΪֻһǶѣɺȴЩʧء
Ǳϣ뵵˫һ˿ǵķţһ
ڶ죬СǺͻ緹ʱǳɵ¡
ﻰ⣬ǳҲ췢Ҳ˵ݺƵΪ档
裬ǲʲôСϢ
ʲôСϢֻʶڵѣ˵ġ
󣬻Ӧ촦ЩƱǲŷġ
֮⣬־дһƪоʾζ¿һڵġ֪[зգͶ]
˾ҲֱִҲǸԼộ̲סʳĵ׵ɻ󣬽һٺƣҲĹƱȫˡ
һ꣬ǵĹ˾ڷƮҡƽȹ
1998ĳ
Ǻ빲ͬ[֪̳]ʽˣ
̳ĿǰΪ飬ֱΪ:ְԡءӰۻ
аҪаʱ̳вŸɵ˲ֻ࣬ɼ˵油
Сע˺ų[ְ]İ績Ҳ˺ţ[Ӱ]İ
СֶյĿڲűض[ۻ]İʣµ[][]кͰòɿ
ү˭ȥ[]
Сʱһ׵һ˼[]İ𣿡
нҶ̣ҲǿǦӵԶרҡ
ʧ󣡡
ǽʧǰ㡣

һԵСǱùЦ˳ץΰɣƽ
뵽Լͬˡ
ԥΣԼӦòôùҲͬˡ
СǰдаֵֽǵǰѵֻѡһΣӺɷѡͲܺڡ
ҲڹעߵĶҶܺ[]˭ң
Ϊ˱ԼȣðѡġҲû붼ûѡǸ
ѡֽչʱ˲Ц
ɣ춼Һ[]䡣
[]Ǽֺƣȴ޿κΡ
һ֪ΪΪˣ
̳ʽ֮ǰǾѾѴʽ
[֪]־Ӱܴ̳ŵһкܶӿ
Ҷ̳Ǻ档
Ϊ̳ӪǶԵ«έ˶ԷԵȥ̳ˮ
лȶȣǮ°ʡѡС˵޸һ[]
Ǯ±ҵమûУϲдС˵óЩдĳƪС˵ÿ[]һ£ڴһµüСʱġ
첻ˣģƪС˵Ϊ
СֶѧһЩԵĻ[ۻ]ۡ
ʱ񻹺¶ڱ϶оݡ
ΪܼӿٶȣСֶջѧ뷨ʱֵ겻ôܻᱻùǺ
̳öãʱһҪսȺۣ
л˵
ps:̳ο[̳]



189 ר
ÿ˶ܵ, Сƽˣ
Ҫ߿ǲȻ̫С, Ҳһܱߵ¡
ΪרĶ飬ѿĵӰȥ, ġ
û¾[ҸСԺ], ÿ쿴үүҪڼҴ˼
죬[ҸСԺ]Χû, Ժ⴫ǵ˵
Ѹٶ㵽źͷһŰϡ
÷״۵ò, һͷȷƽʵˣȥǿš
֨ѽһԺű򿪡
ɻ:ĹʲôŰǸأ
ûɶ, ܸ¡÷Ŀ⾶ֱ, ǴæıӰܷ
ǰŰɵػ, ûз쳣
ʱ, ÷תܲͷ:㲻ϰϹתɶ
ƽʱ̫̫Цӭ, ⸱ģһ
漴:˵, ǲң̹״ӿܴ, ˵ʵҷ, ա
ǱΪô˵һ˻ס, ŭˣӣɶ̹״ӿҵأûɶ˵ģôɣ
һĸ, ˣ̻һֺõ, ÷ĸ첲, Ǹѽ, ĸҰ㵱ˣһưɣҴ绰ʦҲ
÷͵͵һ۷ţҲûҡͷҽûȤҲϽ߰ɣСɥ־
ܾôɴ࣬ȷԺһè塣ٴɨΧȻŰһ˫ҶĽš
ϤЬһϳ˭Ľţջ߲ɫˣȻع˾ǩļһٺǮ¹
Ҫߣ÷ǰһѾֿ˻߰ɣ
ȰѶߺϽŰƽźʣԹԣﻵ˰ɣҲǵģվǶ첻ߣǳˡҪȥ˵ܵôϣ
û£̣ǧ˵
֪ΪóɼŹܽϸֻʱʲôѧȥ
һţƽٴȥæʾҪؼȥѧϰ
ȥһûһ𣿡
˲ˣһǻȥúѧϰɡ
ƽָûϽ뿪[ҸСԺ]߳ԺţͱǶ¸š
˫ֻǰ΢ʣҪңϻ𣿡
Լˣƽʶһ¿ˮãǸϰ깦βġ
ĺܽţûٶʣǰ˼ҡ
鷿ΪһָߣȻʣѧϰôǺ𣿡
ѧرã֪ģŮͳһơ
ƽͷһԳɫĸĸԼȴôƽܶˡ
Ǽ״óֽ͸ֱʳһ⡣
ȥ߿⣬
ţáƽӹֽͷ⣬ҧ촽ͷ˼κſʼʡ
дˣùֽһۣôǶԵġ
ƽ߬Ÿֱʣϴ̬ãԲҴеԺȥ[ҸСԺ]ˡ
֪ѧѹ󣬵Ǿ⺢е̫ˡ
ͷ˵ֻȥ[ҸСԺ]ѣʲôԲģûôأԼ
ƽɽ񾭣Цģãá
ҲðһϢְ־ͻ«έˡ
ҰҪû˵ѽƽ˫۷ϴκͰְͨ绰һ֮ǰ
Ӱѧϰûǰ˵
γǲϵģΪŮһ߿ύ뻹ˡ
ã
ٰɣ㿪ģ
ƽһЦʵǺְֵġ
ڶ磬Ǻȥͷˡ
һ·ϣᵽƽ⣬ǰҲҪӣ̫Ͽֻʵ䷴Ҿڵ̬֮ǰӦȵ̬
˳Ĭһ˲۵׻һĨ𣬡ʵûΪˣҵҲ֪Сڹ±㣬ʹидֻڲŬһô죿û뵽ѹô󡭡
ļ谲οֻ˵ϸĸĸҲס
ܿ죬ͷÿʹѾˡ
Ӵڿǵʱ¶һĨõЦݡ
ǻﵱ
ණЦص٩֮رæռʱ䣬Сæ
ھЩܳקסĴӲͣôʲôֱ˵ɣһ쵽𣿡
ôˬ죬Цݸһ£һǰȥѧУݽһ̳˺
ϴλǵݽЧλиѧһÿΡ
ΪѧУף̳֮˺Ǻܶ
̳뿪һµš԰ռǱרŷճõģɹɹʲôԡ
ռB͡
Ŀλʮصľʦôҿӵһ棬иຢΪúѧϰϣ
˵ͷת˼̵ͷӦˡ
ѧУãΪѧǿ־ķչʷȫעݽȤͨ׶ܶຢӶ˹ѧҲΪһľʦ
ƽ̨ʮ棬һοְһ棬ŴƣĵһԺȻ
ӣƽ̬Ͷ뵽ѧϰС
ʱһȥѧӭһһȵĸ߿
ƽĻھУһؾвμӸ߿
ʱԽͣظϻ«έ
ȴɼĹУҪƽŵöֽ࣬ںǰֳֻҶһֺȲ裬ɢԼע
ֱԳɼ֮ǰûʹһڿԳɼĻ⣬ƽ⡣
һºƽѧ¼ȡ
֮⣬[«έ˽ѧУ]һλʡ״Ԫ
ȫʡ綼˺䶯ܶеļҳŴ·׷Ѻ͵[«έ˽ѧУ]顣
һߣҲͨ[֪̳]˺ţһռǾǡŮɡ
ƽϴѧ뵺֮ǰǳŵ[֪̳][ȳ]һİ
ƽļˣĶԼʲôʱܵϰ
Ӿ«έִ«έصж飬᲻үү̣ζԻؾ÷Ҳܵ
뾩ǰһӵߣƽοлиڣҲġͨѶ㣬˾͸Ҵ绰
÷ͷСŮҲˣʱ찡
ʢ֮ǳ
һĵӣб֪Աҵˣ
գһ۾±ƣС˵ѵ໹ǺģȤࣿ
ɶûѧզܱҵˣ
СʮؿĲٸȥ
˾Ǹ鳣ò
ʦ˵㣬ѵԱҵˣ䷢֤顣
һֻ̣ģָоǶˣʱʦ֮飬߰ɣҴȥԿѼǸлʱҵİ
ǮҲôСڵذ鷢𵽶òС
ΪԼƷѣ˵˵Űȥꡣ
һСʱǰĿѼ˫峺۾СʵܲھΣҪ̹ס
УмҪ˵
оһѼݸʣʲô£
ӹѼСڴ˿̾ˡȻ£Ҳͦð
̹֮Ѷˣô죿һֱȥһ֪ˣⱲӶԼ
뵽ЩСٺڹ˵ࡣ
ʵûʲôѵ࣬ҺƭģһҰѧѻ㡣
ؿһָӵӿͷ
ޱƭһȴûַŭ֪һ£Ϊʲôƭң
ô˵Сͷ
ǻһļΪϲе±֪ˣǲ취
ʱ䣬оһľ񣬸˲ˡ
Ϊ˺档
з¿ӣֻΪ˺棬֡Ҹд飿
ȴܵΧͶߣСҸطȥ
ܲС
ҵԼ顣
СһۣΪԼǲΪ˽̸ϲŮŲʲôӦлҲŶԡ
Ʊ硣ûٳȥĬһ˲˾Ȼʦ֮ǰЩ¾ͲڿηΧڣҲ˵ʦϵڣҪҸ𣡡
С۾ʧҸʲô𣿡
˵أռҵıˣȻҪ֡
˵һС޴жǸɵӻø֣
Ҳ븺أ
üһ̵ֽε㲻Ҿȥǣ̣֪㶼ʲô
ֻ¶ѣȥҼҳ״ײɣ
ײɣֻҪþУСͬѧԴǵĹϵ
С
ʱ«έ
Сһϲɫǰ칫ҵķţ˻ûߵǰȲ˵ܣӡˡĿɷҪܲɷ𣿡
ˡ⵵ĿڻӰкܶ˼ԴϽĿϲȥ
ôõᣬǵȻŹӦͬʱСȲҪˣһֱʣҲ̫ˡ
СͷǣȻ˳ػظϢȥˡ
֮󣬡ˡĿ绰ϣһ¼ƽĿ
Ϊ¼⵵ĿǵճһڵʱȥС
֪ҪϵӽĿ÷ˣ˾߶Էȴ¶ˣŮûӡ
ˣ⼸ܼˡ֪ڼҴģȥһȦ˳㿴ӡ
÷ֻԥܾˡ
ﷱѾʮˣһڼġ
裬ֵôӲʿֻʮѣ㲻̫ģӺҸҲڼңǻϸչġ
÷Ȼҡͷֻĺܰ˯̫ԶɲС
ﲻζԺҽø٣ʱһҪǼС
֮ǰ÷óСȫӴǵĶ
ǿԼϸֱۣ̲ס²ۣھгԵö֣òٸôóԵģ㿴ôݲӦò
ֱۣ˵Լ಻ôණӰжʾȥС
㲻١
ЩûҾḻչɡ
ôûپܾ
ȥе·ÿ궼ҪΡٹ·޽Уܿͨˣ
Сű߿߸٩ɽԺ˵ȸͨˣӽеҪüСʱ
Сʱɡ
ιǿ湻ģ
ںԺ˸ֻҪСʱܵﾩУʱŽп죡
ڶ磬ȵﾩĺԺ
⼸ĺԺļ۸һ·кöڴԺ֮ȫǸܾˡ
Ϊ˰æɨʱסС
ٺãͺһԷ𣿡
λؾû֪ͨǣҡҡͷֻԵúϢһ졣
ʱкСȷϵ˴˼仹Щߡ
Сȥ԰棬ܺô㴰ֽġ
뵽ʵԭеΪ飬СѳƤҪ׵ġ
СǸӺˣϾһúɲס
ôأתƻҪȥĺԺѽĵƬϴɣ˳ٸԺˮٻô
ĺԺİǶǲ̤ĵطоҴ򰵷⣬СһĴָţҪ㸺ϴƬҸɡ
мôСظ֤İɣϴƬһ׼ϴ⡣
궯԰ǰĺԺ
žзչԽԽãҲԽԽ࣬ǿ˺ܾòŵĿĵء
еĲϹ߽ĺԺԺﾲĵģܺæӵԴүȥˣ
һ軨ҵԿס
Ȼ˷ܵؾԿףԺûؽӶҲҵ
ôƮСǵЩûףҪһ跢ô죿ȥϴɡ
㲻˵Ҳ˵ǲ֪ġʱԿȥţɷô򲻿
СҲչԣȻ˿
вߵ̫ƻˣظԿ׶ܽߣ
Ǹһŭ˵˭أ
תС˲˷ܼУ裬ô㰡
˵꣬Ѿ˽ǵĻûĺӡ
Ǻɫرסȴкüԣ첻Ϸô
ĸ׵ʣг׻ˡ
˭뵽˰겻һλ£ò׸һȴץˡ
裬Ҵˣȥд顣
֪Īĸ֪Ҫܣֹ̳УߣϦͲûؼˡ
йԹվûҶҲŽ㡣
ѽҪܷСæ˵С̣иϢҪ㡣
΢΢üʣôҪˣ
:
СУпСǣС¶һ޹ı顣
̸£ûüĸ˵ء
ϢԲǴй¶ȥġ
л˵


190 
ʵںܾǰ, ǾѾ֮üȥ
ֻӵԣŻôȷϹϵ
Ϊˣվ͵, Ǹ̸ʱû顣
ǵ, С, ȳΪٿ¡
Ƕûнļƻǲٶʡ
ŮԼ, ˳ȻȽϺá
СһŮѵţǵû˯ȥ
ָʹ, Լ졣
˵³һһɡֲǺܸȤ
˭һɰ, Ҳ⡣
һЩϸ, ӺȻӳ̽ͷ, ˶̫Σ, ǿɻ
ʵûҪ滬ɡ, Ȼָоһô˵, ɻҲΣա
뵽Ǹϱӵ, ȥ龰Ŀ, ӷĹ߽ݡ
Ŀ֮, ׵ǰס˫ǲǸû˼, ġ
ڶŮǰ壬ǲɵɫ, קקС˵ѽ, ȥ, û˵Ҫ档
չüվЦķ:ȥǼġ
ⷬɵСҲ̫Ů˰ɣ
ܶһ룬Ҳڶְ
ԹС֮ǰ͸һεһŵļ
ͬʱҪŮѺһ㣬ӦԼһװϸĺˡ
һ죬ǴԼƣĸ׼õְҵװ[]¼ֳ
̨ע۰⡣
Ϊ˻ԾգȰĴŴݺݿһ
Ƕɳϣ˵ĸΪ·ǸʵˣҺܰ
ᵽˣֺ˸ͥԱ̸һ룬˺ܺ:֪ɷȫҽӽǷ޶ôʲôؾ𣿡
ǿ̨µˣǵЦŨΣֻ֣ܳá
üģ̿
ͷҲֽ˵ȫǰлллĬĬû֧֣Ҳнĳɼ
̧ϵЦͬů
ʱҴҶת2000ꡣ
[֪̳]ۣ˵2000ǧ֮꣬Ҳ20͵һ꣬һʲôԸҪʵ֣
һرߡ
뿴ݳᣡ
вƱ
뵱֪̳İԱҡ
[֪̳]ڻǼϳ˵˼̳˺š
̳¿飬ֱ[ȳ][ʱ][ʱ]аϢһѹעҲ뵱ر࣡
֮⣬ٻĻʩȫ깤
ϲõ̫ܹ磬ŬרвŵСͨ硣
Ϊ˸лĶ͸һݣڰٻө濴ǣСǵ
֮⣬Сϻ嶰ݡ͸ָĶСѡ
嶰οõģһǶǴãԱϢͰ칫
ʩɣƸԱ
ǵĹ˾ڻǳĸã˵˾ƸԱӦƸﲻ
бҽԱȵȡ
жԱӦƸҪĻҪаĺǿҵθСһֵӦƸߡ
ȰԱƸãֻСפ԰ˣ
ǰȫȨСȥ
ӵϢӵ⹫ȥˡʱȥе·ϡ
߸٣Сʱĳ̺ܿܵ
ôӺ⹫Ǳߵദò̲
үͻĹôûˣʮϲɥ
ǰүҲŮӸùϵϧЩӶٸȫġ
ȶǵʱǸ鱯ʹ˼ˣӭТӣҰأϹһˡ
ǰӵı磬һͷȻȥ⹫Ϲ
ǶҶ˲ǺϤôȥĴ޼ϹǱȥҡ
ҶҴ˰һӵݸӣֱ˵⹫ǰתģ˵Ժ㱣ܰɡ
ӽӹӴ򿪣һֻɫӦ觵ģɫѪһ
Ѻиºϣ˵лл
⹫Ψһ룬һֱղû㡣
Ҳġ
Ϊ޻ĵΣӺͶԷѼͶ뿪˻ҡ
Ѻܶ࣬һһкЩ˵л˲ʡĵСҶơ
ҶֻڨڨһЦк͸Ͻˡ
󣬶Ǻֿ«έ
ǻˣ£֪Ҷү˯ʱ뿪ûʹ࣬οصͷûʱ¡
ϻص䣬ӰֻӽУ͸㣬ܸ˵ġ
ǽӹϸţܸоùҫۡ
ԿһƯ
ӦҪ󣬶ǰӴϣ˻ֱۣƹ£ɫůĹΣͦÿġ
һҹһ߳Ρ
һġǡԭǡڳ֮ص˺ġӡŮƶҽѧϣʵ⡭
ֱǵĴǻЦ
ԣɻʣЦôģˣ
뵽е龰˫ָʣûһȻСӻô
΢΢ü§ɤ˵ҡСҡ
ǰķǵˣЦͷһǣףһγ棡
2001ĳһ졣
[ٻ԰]ڽˣ
ڶ⿪֮ǰС۰ٻҪÿһֻС
÷¹ӡС򡢿ȸȵȣȫǷ洦ɼÿһֻбƺͻǼǡ
СǶһֻжӣԼֻǸá
ϲڿȸֻ߰ԼŮƢ
ΪԼҺӻģһֻСÿκﶼιСԲݡ
СֶվЩСﶼϲģѾȨ룬һֻա
ȴҰҪĶﶼѡˣǲſڵЩԺǵĺӣǵжҪʱǣǧܰԼĺӸˡ
СԼӸǸѣǾ룬˼״Ҳ׷׾֡
󱻶ȫ̷񶨡
סף⻯˶ûСƽ𣿡
ҲصͷҲô¡
֮󣬹[ٻ԰]Ĺڸֽ־пǡ
ƽҲ̳[ȳ]鷢ӡ
ÿһŶƬȿɰܿ˺ܶమ֮˵ע⡣
ҶڴС̡
ƽҲʱ꾡˵
ٻһٶֻʱһֻ
ʮֿ:ҪаĺͲ벻ľģȶľû
Ķ뵺Ҫ̽ٻĴʱΪ˳
˵һһƬȻ
ʱĹҶ֪ٻ̺ɳʺ϶ȼ٣һݿԿҹ췱ǡÿϵֻʮˣֻڵ϶24Сʱ
ȴʱϵ̽ʱÿһڣúܶ˴⡣
һֻͿڵ϶漸졣
뷨ûʵʩƽ̳˲˵:ԭߣ[Դ]ڡ
ܶҵ[Դ]Ͷʣ˲Щ˼
̳Ӱܴ󣬷[԰]ĵ绰ͱˡ
ҶһֻС
ԡˣ֮һֻȫ˰ְ衣
Ϊüҳʱ̿ԼȳĶ̬뻹[԰]˹ٷվ
ÿһĶﶼĸҳ
һУðСֶճɵۣǵ[԰]ķչʵû뵽ôܻӭ
һ죬Сֶڵλ̳ӡһλƽʱϵȽϺõͬ߹Цֺõ¡
СֶմӵĻǰ̧ͷãȻʵɶ£˵ɡ
ͬһƨǰʣģ˵ʶ[ٻ԰]ϰǲ
Сֶ˲ȻҡҡͷʾԼʶ
GզܲʶأҾҲӣµϵԤˣŮѷҪȥҲʵû취
İﲻ㣬Ҫİ취˵꣬Сֶհ·ŻصĻϣȥ
ûزɷԲɲΪԼ[԰]Ĺء
ͬ¼治æֻʧ뿪
СֶŹƽʱϢܡ
붨ڽ飬ص«έǼƵꡣ
ھл֮ǰǺ·»񡪡[]Ķ
һ˸жУ뿴ǰѱԿףĵرл֪֮
ڿɳϣԥһ˲̽:С̣ô
Ǳʵһ㶣û̫˼Ŀ:ǸúӶһֶܴǿˡ
СֶһͷֶµӺڵλʱȫͬ
ô˵ڹ֮룬С̣ⶰҲҪҪ»𣿡
Ļ£˽ǲ죬ǵͷֻҪǷ£ʲôҪ󶼻Ӧ
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ûӦֱЩС̣𣿡
ǻع̴ӦȻԣǹԶˣϲСް
һЦ漴ָʹֶգ㻹ŸҶ
СֶշӦæȥˮûʱ䣬Ų豭ˣϾǼ
ӹһ裬Цؾǣ裬ףԶ֡
˵ţֶҲ˵䣬СֶսյźţƽӵͱÿĿİ衭裬Ȳ衣
һ̣ףΪʲôͻȻҪС̵裬ԭһжΪóԸ
ǽӹ˾Ĳ裬ЦرãллӽԺǾҵŮŮףǰúϣԶҸ
ָӾ裬ĪһŮŮӦá
ǶǱ͸ǵ»
߳·ո׵£ﻹ̵ġ
ǣڻؼҵ·ϣܺŸ׵ʵ뷨
ǰһĴ󺣣Ǹֶյ۹ܺã⺢ĲŸҷǳ⣬ԺˣϣЩܼػ
֣ʾǾܾԶ֮ǰʲôʱݣ
֮ǰ˵Ҫ45ݣѾ47껹ûܽơ
ĿǰΪֹûҵ˾ʺѡ
ΪܾֻܰСϡ
СǸõʿ֤ѧҩƵģʺϽӹܹ˾
ֶվлڼ䣬ŮеԼңһøҹ
ﻰⶼڿԼôĺ࣬ʹҵĲס
Сǻһһ㶵ģƽʱֵҲͬܰ㣬ôĺѡ
ˣԱò̫á˵ҵҵѣԸסҹ˾𣿡
΢΢ȦСǺȻǰԼܲ£ͷӦ裬ҵԸΪֵ
ԼƳɹס飬װΪѵʣǡ᲻ᷴԣûǸһ°ɡ
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ǣСҵĵɽڣԷȥκ£һܺù˾
ĸ׿϶Сı§סǣ汣֤һѹ˾չԽԽãͷİɣһҪȥҽԺ
ʱ֪ҵٵȵȰɡ
СΣֻš
һºнӡСǳ[Դ]˾ܾ
ŮڹǰǺҳԣ̲סӣһ챻֪ƭͲ𣿡
ʵ⣬Ů˽⣬⺢ӾԸɲ¡
ΪԼˣԴݺ󣬶ÿ춼ǳԳԺȺȣ˾̳һȦ漸ѲҪ봽ġ桷Ϸ
ʮլڼŮ
СУȷԱ
Ҳ˸еģϣĺĬ֢״֮һǼˣһ㷢65ң軹ᣬĿǰֻϣֲ
ΪƭȥҽԺСǺͻ˵ǽʾ֭
˼ȥСǻѳԼˣöǴȥҽԺȥ顣
ĸƼ鼼Ҫ«έǿ˶ûһ˿ɣ
ȥҽԺ·ϣѾ׼ŮĻо½ֹ˾Ȱ̥
ȵҽԺСǲɷ˵ȥڿơ
֪ԼǱƭˡĲü飬ܻܲؼң
ϧСǺͻûġ
֮£ֻƹˤҽ顣
ܿ죬ˡ
ҽüͷϽСǺͻŻˡֻж֪ô£ǿԼ:ҽôǲûֻеãⲻë
ҽϽ̧ͷȷʵʲôëûУҼҲҪͨ˺úܶ࣬ÿԶԡ
գһ۾ҽ嶼ܿˣ
ԲԵĶ֪
һڱ󵷹
л˵


191 Ķ
˰˰ٻ, תҪŮŮĴ
ֻҪҲΣεľǱˡ϶Цݣװµ˵ǿ, Ҷ˵û£Ƿǵ顣
С뿪, һʱ֮޷ƭ
¶ﲻ, ûȥ׷ˣǳο:, ûϲ£ֻûƹ, һʶ
û£ȥ, ˳Ұο, 𶯲, 
ͷ, ܳȥ׷ˡ
ҽԺص«έ, ûֱӻؼ, ɱҽԺˣ
֪, ڰ칫׼˸ָСʳ, ȫԵġ
Щ», ǹⲻȥǣʵ:ʲô˼ΪʲôҪ˴ң
һɫӰɳ, ͵ʱΪܳüģ, ǰһ
̧ͷ, ɫȻ̫, ̹ףôҺܱһԺô죿
̹׽Ҫȵ2011̫꣬õģİɣȰġ
룬Լ˵ҲԣСǵûô󣬹ͺˡ
ôţڷģעҲתƵʳ档
Ա£סļ򣬾ͱһĵˡ
ң·һ²ϴλɴܴ档
죬һΡ
ĺֻܣͬʱҲѶԹˡ
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