Զ׷޹
: 
:
רԤա³İ·ղء
ᣬȫ˿飬лл֧棡=3=
ڰ񾩹ŮУӣȴʧ١汻ᡢĸز˭ûǰ;
ĺòĸϻԶĻӡ
һЦòĸԸ
ԶֻʣһСүڴ
ϼȫ桢ʵ׽ӼöӣֲԸŮȶԶ
̫ǰһھΪڲϵĶԶ밲ƽŮⶨס
˰׸Զˡ
ֻ۵ֶŮĳ죬Զңɼ
*1v1HE
*
*ǰȻ
*֪
*ܿ˽ɽ
ݱǩ ͢ ֮ ־ Ű
ؼ֣ǣ⣬  ǣרԤա³̨¡  
һ仰飺һΣı
⣺ӣڶ


1 
ɫ»ҵľޣģ˴
ڣֱ࣬˹ͷꡣӸ§ҩԼɡ£첽ȥ
Ӱڣȴ˴һѣЩͷŤͷȴɡһбһ米꣬һ顣
һǳʯİӣˮʮͻأ
裬㡪ţֻǶȥҲδ
ײ˾ȻƵģ
鲻Ը붫ִֻ˽ҩһȥˡ
ӣҩȡСЩԼӣɡ´롣
Ϊĸ׼ҩ
ڲڣΪҩ¯ȣף
һĨǳϵˮ仨ӰֻŲҶΥյĴ⡣
һ첽ǰҩеӣӿ£ԼּҩˣǼأ
ҩʲô쳱úܣȥĸǱ̱ˣ米һƬʪɫôʪȥѣˡ
֣ỹˣһ־裬ҸսǰԺأŸ͸ûͷӬһײҾܣҲ֪ʲô£ЬմءҪҽմú񣬶ҪúһС
ǶǲԸ붫򽻵ġ
ˣһʱͣˣҪۣȡӸ㣬ȥµıǡ⿴İӣοЦЦ
ӵӣҺ§ý˵ҩʪ鲻ǳֻϲӻȡ״ƿӣѩ裬ʰõƹ˵ҩֻյǲģһͣҩͷˡ
ЦЦ˵֪˺飬ȥѰɣù뽪
ʪ䣬Ըŵġ
鰥һȡҩýҩϻԼиȸԾŻȥˡ
ⰲƽŮģϺүսպգһŮӣŮ⽫ΣӽϮ˲
䲻Ϻүһսȴˮ֮츳ʦˮ¬˷ǰˮʱӿ鲨ߣ䲻
ֻ·ϺͳŮӡ
˽ţϲţѰ򣬲Ůׯ澣Ĺӡ
ɻУȥĸұ´ŭ̫йֻؼұĺϼҡ䲻ŮʱѼһ鷴Ȭ
㶼ͷ
˼չסҩѰѶ˲ңӣѻ
Ҳ̫ЩЬɶˣʧЦҩѱӹȥʢһ¯ϰŵĽ
˺ҩ֭ЦҾͰЩģȸҩȥ
꽫Ժ绨ݽ˸͸ΡСˣλŮڵϸȡ£͸Ӱɴ
ڲУܲյ䳱е̿軹ԭڱһʪ
ů紺ݻŵϰżĽʻŮŷ˵ıϸϸٵøůֻ˯һ
ιĸ׺ҩӹĽӡȥϴҩۣЦɫˡ
˽θҲãŶһֻءϵϴЩϲɫ
ʰĴҽҩɫձ˹ΪĸⲡҲˡ
Ц⣬üȴЩ̧̬£Ů޷ﲻãҲˡ
Сʱɺ§£ӳСԴëӡ֣ģɣСϣԶڸĸ˳һźá
ȴԸ
΢΢ף΢֣˵ﻰСѧ£ôˡ
Ҫǰ࣬ЩŮͻءϼͷҪ
ΧŮǶЦϸıͷЦ
ԺһƬůڵĴ⣬궼ɢˡ
¶ˮ飬ڵҲŮ·һ㡣
ʲôһһֱûһվ߬һţһ˫زţǧȷȷҵû
ȹü״Ȼǧȷū澵ÿܽλԺɨչţֻ̫ҽ̣üչһԶûһˣɲһֱû
ϵüͷšɴ֣૵Ǻã¶Ҫʮˣ̧ͷֱȹˣĿѰʻ£򲻿֪
ǣǣūʡáȹ˵ͷ
šתһ裬Ϳ͡
Ǹ˵ĸ첲һĺɰ䣬ʮȣ껹أȥ
ϰƽ϶Զսƴɱ֮ԼﱲһԷޣҲ彣
ʱǨλϺүȥֻδļԻ飬˫ĬҲ֪
λϺүȥϮԶӳսͷɰƽʧϺүϮĴȴǸõģȨ޲ţϲŸҪץסԼš
ƽսʣͻʱﰵԼ䲻֣뵽ԴΪԼŮ¶µʱĶԶţҲûô
°ڶ֪ԼҲţƺǰ϶ˡ
˭뵽ԶսɳϮТĮȥһ꣬ȴһһˡ
ֻǰͥеĶԶģ
ʮߣδʽף˶óƳŮµԵɣµȴˡ
ϮɶԶźʱѣꣿꣿҲѲ
һڼȥһ飬ӣǰԼĴԼҲ档
Ǵʱڻ飬ñȫǵ˽ͷô
ԼҷϮֻ˸ѫɽ⣬ٲЩСɾǰ;͸ˣϮֻܵÿӵľ
ɡôЩ궼ȹˣҪǶԶŹվأ
Զʹͻ϶롣
ȲԼһڻ᲻ףܽӼԼҶһѡ
ԼȶԶĹ͸ֻ¶ĺ˼ңٺòˣⶼѪƴģСүءҲǣҲǡ
Ǻã


2 
ϳŵڣȴûʲôմͭļҷ磬ٳӪׯСѧһ
֮Ҳ֣һּվ̸Ů⡣ʧٺϺҪţ֣ܶһˡ
̷۵ļҳȹϴű̺߿ˡڶƵͷСɾµĶڷ֣ˮ뵣һ֮
һԵСһλһλŮº˶ԸСˣٽ֮ӡ
õõ廨겢ĵ¯ϼȣȶУȾһҷҷٽɫʢԺҶյУٷϡ
ӡ黽ͷҲδ̧ӡ
鿴ԼӵС֣ԵĺҶյӻࡣ
ȥ£ĸװԳ˲Ǯټϸʧ٣ĸ׵ܣҪ
ʣµģֻһҳӣһӲһ黭ӣһˣоׯӣһСЩЩϹʱߣЩݹʹãһҲӪ
Ǯǲȱֻ֮ǰȥЩӶϵޣţҪ氢ġ
ӣ轫µĽˣСԵŮСᡣ
˲ᣬӹ׺СᣬۼҪҶҪװԤһˮ̵˿пԷųˣſɴ͸һϣᱡӡ
׺һͬ׺ϸ£Эϸģչӡ
ǡ׺Ӧһ£ǿҪ»һͬڳ
Գ̲͡仨ˮƬڷţշӣȥѧʱҲֻԵΰˡ
ɲӣпȡɡȡ黭ӵСᷭǶ꣬ҪֽձøЩŴǽ÷
һһ£˵µõգȡһֻСϻʸĿ
ϻӣֻϻ̵ѩڳģͷŸɫӡ
ĽвƵĽ
ԭֻģҴ಻̫ͨ͸
һöԼĪָС͸ǳˮһ˸ĸۺϸʵƯ
ϻڻһ鲢Ƴɵգ͸֮ö
ͷȡ׼㵱˼ӣСֱעλӹ¶ϲֱ̾Ӻ˼
ǱȲ۹󣬿ʤÿ͸ǰѵãڴδйΣؽҲɺú׬һӡ
˲׺齫ʰȥһͯ㣡
⣡һϲӭ
ֱֱֻ˽㻳
꣬ѧǰ׵ĸĪҪĸѼˣ֣ܶһͬȥԺʳȥ
⼸æݡ
ԼҶϸǼ벻ʲô취ŵûͷӬƵϹæ
ʱ̽ԶϢʱ̽ǳķɻʱȥĸҵţָðΣ²ţԺһӾ«ˣҹ
⼸ԺͨҲùܣͨͨ¡
ڰϣͷ۵ĺܣŮѬɡСѾ߼ղ̿Ѭһӽζüǳ⣬ңŮǶȥ
ΣϱۣԼȡζ
ս˵˵ˣǵ˿ڲӹվ͵
ū澽ڼӶˣΪӶ˽ȹɻϣ޹Ⱥ
ЩЦ⣬ҡ룺ɻǷˣʵøԼҶŮ࿴ġ
ǳǵʥͬãСŮ֪вڵĸˣÿ궼Ҫ»ɻ磬ʱ¶ϳͷſġ
˶֪Լһ£ǷϯҲһ޹ӵĻ¸ԼСɾ˵ġ
ԶҪץΣҲ֣СүˣȻѡõıǡ
Сһͬһ֪ϵ뷨תת˵ˣʵֻ֪ԶǰƽлԼֲ֪һλүס
ɫһݣ˵ָһŮȥ
üУõĻ£ܱ˵ˣҲֻʮʵ˵ȥ
ԺǼСԴһѺ֣ѾͷƬȴﲻæûá
밡ⶨԶ˴صˣһҲѣպˣҲвѽ
Ϻү϶ԶƴɱһĲľȥˣڴСүǽಡ齣У˵öѣǶҪĸʲôá
ţӽͣˣɵǸˣͷûĸҪź򣬵Ҳš
ҶԶߴ󽫣һʹͲƸ붼벻ģ¶޹ȥٻ˵ʱӼðż
ˣӹȥػ𣿡
ô죡Ŀ붼šɢˣƾǲүԶŵڴŵҲţҪиʵŮ˵߬ţôҲܴ϶Զͷһѣɾûа
ľܹ˭ֻܸԼԼûۡ
ѹסſڵѾ߳ţֻͷ
æȰԼҷСЩȴ뵽ʲôԼʱ
԰û߬ԼԼԲ⣿
ôû뵽ء
Ͽ˫۷ֱɫǵͨ죬аƵģֱ迴ͷ̡̻
ˣ
ЦϲɫӣϵƬ̣Ͷ˺ϼƹһЦ
ãŮʹϺòˣѰֵ֪İƽؼ÷
ƽһȸϵĻЩҭ㵽ôģ̫ĵŮ̫ʦСŮô
ƽó˵£ʱϰƽλƷϵУξǸ׵ۣͬ˼Ҿʮ䣬˭֪Ϻүսһٷˡ
ʱΪСôһź£ų߹沣ԼǳɩԽͷϣ
ƫҲλģ佫֮תģܸ̽ʮͷƾˮ湦ٰƷ޶˴ѹһͷ
ʲô̫ʦһƷĳдԱԪϣϻ˵ͱ˵ͳ⣡ֻǸﳼ֮Ůˣϵۣһģְʥϸǰ¶ΣСĽȵλ²ܰ𣿡
˵ˣ޶˲ɣ
ƽڷ˻Щ£˻ֻȡ
˵Զѫ˼ңϮĿΪݻԼҪúϡ
ѵΪǴ̺·ƲƸŮһһ𣿡
ƽֵܹϵϺүʱϻѵܹģ˽ǿܾȶǿϺүΪӡ
ʱüԸûﰵ˵Ϯ£һ㣬ĸ෬ãȴ̶ôߡ
Ϻүӣסڲռ˱ˣϷ˻ڣͽǷָˡ
ɾʧ٣ûɷָ±۹¶ĸڷ־ӶУ϶һźֻûƵġ
ƽֻڼʱ棬ʱϷ밲֮ͨŻύϰЦúðһŲĸ没ֶŮӡ
ǰ붫Ů棬ҲһԼӣҪػģʹӾ˸㡣
֮ȥǱǡ
ɽգôƽˣ
ͷůڰϽ飬ӣԻЩʽ´ɽͷׯӣ̧ͷ
ǲŮ񻣬һӲףζûУͷϽöҲǽʱ˵Ļʽ
Ȼû˾ࡣ
ƯΣû˸˭֪ܼȥʲô˼أָĸ˴ļޣ˵ܺЩ
ڿ࣬ȴϲӣӣǶµ˺õķԸū澸Ҳ
˵Žϵӣ¶һ֦˿
һƣʲôϣɫҲĵߵʤ״Ưϼ鵹Ҳ£ȴʲôкúġ
ȲأȡһԹԲ͸ǳװϻеݹȥҶл㡣
ӿˡŮЦ˵Լӵĺû˳ȥ
Ůһۣ˵ڣҲ㲻ϣȴҲͨðεʱƽձ㲻ԸյͶ
⻽׺ԼߵŮ̽һǶڴЩʲô⡣


3 
׺ԺǰȥŮػҶչٹʢˡ
¹˿ʱ¶ȹǡ
ϵЩ飬պ˪һԾƣ˵Բã⼸մӲųĶ˶׳ˡŮϴЦһʽݣһ⣬һݸ衣
һС㣬ֵ׺㿴֪˲ȫ㿴Ҳٵ÷Ը
һԵӹǰѩңұҸĶϱǸţϸϸˡ
ԺļŮȥ˰иӣǸð춫
һŮװ磬װ䷻У߹հƣǶϱЩˣü۴·ǳȥģҲţֻڶԽֿװо̸Цģ
裬ȥ˶һˣһȥƽ֦ҶװĻɣһ˼ҡ
˵ϸֻܼǼǶߵ߼ңϵ˿ƴᣬƺ«
ãλ°ļã׺һЦȡĺɰֻ˶ӣҪ¶˲źãҪ©˷
ǡ£ӣͷͷˡ
׺ɫСⷿȥ
ðΣȥǳ̽Ϊ˷ɻաⴹС㣬ѵΪŵʱҪԼһȥ͸ӣ
ɶӲ붨ԶлԼ𣿻ȥɻʲô֡һԼ裬治⡣
˵ⲻ̫С֣װڵĴ»֪ġ
ԶһֱԴˣ˵ǴϵԲѣǶʮˣĸŸ߼ޣȻٵȡ
ô͵͵˱죬ĪԼ˵ġ
׺ЦŵͷԼ龩֪Ҳжţǰƽ壬ҪǴʱλΪӶ±£ͷܻˡ
׺˵˵ֳɶԶ߻˵ȥѽū澲ˡ
ЦЦôˣԶҪٵʮ±أ
Ȼ˵ǲѱֻܻȥ˻飬һԼѴ󣬲ٵˣ֮ϱϡ
׺һۣŶʵ̰ģƽ̫ﱲ㶫ҲҪԱȽãҲˡ
йϣϸպС㣬顣
ɲ֪ΪΣǾЩ̫ԾüСЩܲΪ׺⼸첻иΪá
öµͷĺǷź˲ǣԼӵĽϸϸ޲ףӴֽ˽覴õĻǷҪ뻹ǲˣֳʲô
֣ͣһƣ⼸ҹ٣ҵֶˡ
Ÿʷķ٣һµܽڣ͸·𻨰ϸҲɼͱĸƵĳҶ¶ǻ˴Ǯġ
ÿȫױ٣˵ɻһձеףӳ
պǷɻ磬ӻδ͵ﶼˣ˴ŮԸΪ⣬ǰϣʱܴͷ
ú˵ˣԼҲ뱻ԶһֱۣͺúץסᣬΪΪԼúøԼȰ⣬˵±죬ϰ
˵ġܳ𣿡
ϴӹŮĲ裬ϸϸƷȻ㸸Ҳͨ
¶Զ˸ãҲգֻĺͺżһٵü档ظŮٷָ⣬涼ᣬ㲻ˣýΪú÷֬¶ЪϢһ
һЦױԵøӽΣҾ֪
⼸ͷ£ϲ٣ҵľ糿밲վأӺҹźԼϴţò
ֱ̺Ժͨǿ಻ԣȥү鷿߿ĹûУǰһӡ
ϵѩˣãֳ˸ΪȡҩֻϴȡصҩΡ
ѩڰֻҩֻۣ鲻ܲԾĸ˲ѩҩֻ˲κͺαãѩν١
⼸ʱȡҩʰõĻƶϤˣֱǰȡѩ衣ظ·ȴ˸Լɫ䣬תȥ˵۽˶ʱŻظȥ
ӣȻȴϲãҽ۽ˣϲϿѽ
Ȼտδʲôģ˪ѩŮŪļ¼˵ǰԺȥڷźã˵գǲóԱʡ
Ͷǰݣ˵ģŴս˵ӣҽȡҩֺͷ˸ҡ
ұתͷȥ۽ŶνתͷǶӡ
Щ飺ƽֻ棬ֻ֪ǶԺģ֪
ްܷѺܺˡ̴ǣ۵ȴûЦ⣬ˣ״Щʲô̡
ǰ㿴ǣǷֳȥǲǡ˵ԥҲֻǲ²ˡ
˵Ժ˪ͨӣ¬ߵˡ
ֹ˷ŵĻͷֻ
¬ѩŨɶʦ¬˷ŮǰʱһʣǸֱֿˬĺù
¬Ҳ԰ͽΪ˻׵ԼҸѧﱲһͬ飬ƽʱҲӦ
ǸԲԲһ;ϲ񣺡Ӱպǳɻ磬ǲʣȥȥ
˵ַһֻɰģҲִģϲϲ
æȥ⡣
ɰǽ޵ĺĺ죬ϸƽӹ⻬˳һǼĵġ
һͰЦвϲģҶлŨŨ
ֻǼӡδյӣ֪ܲȥءһС˵
ȻӵĶĸǸʲôȻ֪һֻһ⵽ĸϣؼСӣҴţûÿ죬Ҳ̫Сˡ
˴ԼŮ˲ǲҲûʲô˵ġ
û˵ʲôȥ벻ȥûʲôνֻǵػδ۽ĵɣմӺիģա
һ˫æлӣǼ˵ҽЩٳʳɰҲˡ
ЦǱҳ˰գ̡˵װֱý㡣
Ŵ֣Ժ֣ͨͣԹһԡ
ӣߵĽˡ
Ц⣺
ݼĿһŵɨɨڵ밲ˣĸ˶ǳӣպ󿪷ɻ磬ūͬȥء
һԣյģ˸յŽɨԼȻһŻȥԼӸ״ú˵˵Ӿ۸ӡ
ηɻԸ⣬ˣÿǰūĺ
ˣĪںͷһ۽ıӰ
֪ˣĸʲôԸ𣿡ݺ㣬һᡣ
ֻƢƵģΨĸǴӣЦŹûˣպʱʰ׵˻ūӡ
ֵ˵ͷ˳ȥ
ּˣʱȼ˻ظ״Ķ־¬ѩŨʮֻ̣ԼŮͬˣŷɻǲӸʹӲźá
ŨŨ仰ҸΡ
ѽлӡ
ֻﴧŴ۽Ҳ˻¬ȥˡ


4 
׺ʳУԺ
ʱࡢާ⽡Ϻӱĳվɣζǿžʳָ󶯣С˶ʮֿθ
Сɾ岻ĸιҪΪϺⲼˡ
СԶŷֹϣСƵɫʲô
ĸˤϿֱЦާ⽡
ãС쳤˸첲ȡյΪĸʢһ⽣˫ְڵĸǰ
˿ЦСɾһһۣʵڿɰ
ʲôСתͷ⣬һɫ
ࡣ
ãֲΡΡΪʢһ࣬񣬡ﰢá
̿Сĸ¬˽ϰ֣СɾһѧˣֻСɾТ˳ء
Ƕԡʲôʢ˰ڷǰ
Сˣ֣л
˽Ц˵һӳԷˣѧúܺãֻǣƽձˡ
ţСԼȡϺԣСһһġ
ȥ磬˰ɡϿԼŮЩġ
ģźˡΪĸȡһֻӱοЦЦ
緹ԼԺи¡
ѡһϮˮ̵ȹڭɫѸͷͬɫ˿һźŻԶؾȴǳ⡣
ױ̨ǰ췢ӱ㿴޹ĺɣѾϸϸҲʲô¡
ɣΪ˸ƽ٣޼鷢ɢ䣬ٵϺĻһбһ֧˿ΡΡ·һ㣻ٺ׺ż֧СȲ̫ؾҲ˶ķͷòĸ¡
δʩۣ֬βձߵЩ֬Ͽ֬ˡ
ȹڴ׹Ϊϵ¬ѩŨĺĺɰͬɫķϹɴۣ庣Ļ֦һܵˣá
ԼӴ򵥣ȴ纣Ļһ㣡
׺תȦƣôҲƵġ
ˣϵСǰţӿɣ
Цȥȡӳõӵˡ
ӣⶫ֪̽ʲô⣿˺ġΪ½Ŀмǹػǵǡ
صģú鰢ģģǲ֪ŸҪ̽һҽճţҪغŻչ˺ðҪ˿ӡ
ǣūʡáһ񣬡غ÷˺Сɾ
ף׺غԺӡ
˴γŴ鲢˪λŮѡλɿȥ˳ȹȥˡ
˪Щ⣺ͬ˵ʱ̴ǣΪҪǰȥѽ
ǰȥźãûȥĸͶ밲ˣձһȥ˰ɡ
ԭˣū澴ªˡ
ϴʱŮԺУֱȥԺûȥŮǵ졣
һŵˮ̣Ժš
ֻŮǷ䵹񣬽ȹᵽԺ̣°ĶεΣ˿ĵ˿ģˮˮһæ
ԭ򱸺õȹ糺˿ģ۲ɴף˿ñѰܣͷֺã̫һոˣâӲӣֱ˲࿴һۣŲòѰȹ
ԺһƬŽпһĨͻأȴµˮ̣ͣ˷Ը졣
˵£Ȼͣ˱˳߻ͷԼӰ
ӡ
ĸ밲ףµķɫ׹Σ޳
Ͼţ㶮£ԶԶȹؾûƵģҲûʲôλ֪Լ¶ģ²̤ʵЩ
ֳһĨЦ˵ʱȥ𣿿ùʳ
ùˣĸҳŸ磬òĸͽء
˵ǰͰ⻹æţдһͬȵաԵ
ɿһӵشӦʮֺôĥӣǰϸ̤ʵЩ
Ѿͷƽձʮֳڣôһˡ˴ۣ
˪ͷ۾ȴڿԺӣ·һʱⲿ˪˪޽ǣӡ
ڸ͵͵Ǹ
˪˫ֽⲿģˡ
ϳѴˣֻѱûõСյ裬ѰµأһæңЦˡ
ĸ˵ﻰȻҪȫģʱ磬ö㾲ױǡ
СѾ߷ϲյӹЦЦǼᣬ뵵ˮĵøüĿ续СѾһ죬ˡ
Ůǽ̺õȹչ£ȶһ׸Ӵȴ⻪Ŀȥѡ˼̺˿ܽƵģѡ˼Σͽ»ϡ
ŮʰźɫĹɴۺѩһͬͽȥȴ£ĺġ
ŮŴ£͸ɴȴĲӰǰµļʲ˳
ϰƽԾ⣬ʵҲûʲôѧԨԴҲӢܾãӢص㳤ϱǸ롣
ҪȻǳǻ֮üۺᣬһɾϧĽˡ
Ͳһˣû游ӢȴǸ常ֿԼȫұ
ͷޣԴϼ޽游㲻ϲˡһӹ⣬ԼȥϷü֧λģ㲻Сһֻôˣѵȱ
ĸҲԼã常Ҳ۰Լˣϴͷ硣常ԽԽԼб£ʲôϵôˡ
ϱֱ䣬뵽常ûˣԼҲˣһҪģǵ̶ܽǸǱЦ
ױŮľôӽһһЦġ
²ЩϧҪ˵ϵùȥҪϣŻԹȥԶȥˡ
ŮΪױԼȡ˰Ѱȣҡҷųȥ
Ư
ѽ϶Ǵͷ
ŮǾţüչæȰӣһһЯºŸȥ
ԶǸռģһλ½ǽԺΪڻԵĶԶ
ңүǰտӵ߻𣿡
ɴˮ֮ǺүΪĻ֦ˮֻܿʲӰһĨ۷ۺ죺أա
֪ϻؽ¸ģһɨ۶ѣûʲôġ


5 
˴δŮλӣɿĳԺԼ˳ġ
ĸŮ£Ҳûô࣬˼ʮ
ϱţԼŮһͬ·ϺúôԷ硣
˶࣬ԼŮģƵڳ󣬱ȳ֪ΪƽųȥҲ˿
ĸҲţС˵Щ˲źãҲøĸ鷳һСӣʮԼ׵Ļ
ͷϲģٺðڲˣմȥֻΪ˺úչʾһȰĸĳΪ˺ͷ׼
Ǳ˵ĸôأɣ¶ͬһ͸Ƿֿǰͷںͷߣ͸Ҳްˡ
ⲻԸ˿֮ˣֻһװɵ
ҲãֻǺͷҲǿţ벮ĸͶߵŮȥ
ǵ˵ضͷ󵽺ͣѵҪǰͷ˼ҵȺͷ͸³ֲԸ
ˣϲҪʱ
ĸһɣʡ鷳
üˣô͸Ѿͷڸǰ£ûõˣҲ·һṦ
ͷĳɡ¶һ֣תǰȥˡ
Цǣװϵ˼߸̫ʹӲãĸŮĳԼЯ˪ӻԺ˸š
·˳һԼ㲻ܸŮ˵ص£ֻ˵ЩŮúñ֮Ļˡ
ǳ⳵ӯţȴ˿ңѵصļҶŸȥͣţ͸ҲʳˮԹܵ԰Ҳ޵ģһ·ϻŽʤգֻ¿ۣϳ˺üӡ
˳֮·пСȥߵͤŮȥߵз󣬴Ůٺȥͬ
¬ѩŨ磬ĸ¬һͬͺзΣչüк
Ϻ벽״ĳ¬ѩŨͷٵȵԼ
˽ԼŮ£ͿֶŮ⡣
ϰ֣Ҳ𣬸ȥ˲٣Ը׳֮ٳţҷ˻˵¡
ͬĿ뿴ֻװ֪ͷӣͬʱλҲϴ˺ǳأԸԼ沣ֶŮǿĸұ϶Ϊҵ£ĸΪ˳ͷ൱Ȱˡ
еķ˲ǺúŪģǹĸλĸС¼ʶ㣬ǽ٣֪ǰֻǱûٿö˵ĴͲһͬʡֵӡ
ﶼһ˳ӣϲ԰ˡ
˵ǵķҲΪԼҶɶĶϱ
ò̬̳ûĸлǱϼҵģŴҲҲޣĶϱڼʲôôأ
һ·۷԰ӣϺѵÿڶˣ״˵¬ҵŮòúġ
ǰ˵ϲ˵Լӹû꣬һͰصͷˣῪϯЩ
ڷǰ˳й񣬱˪ȥ¬ѩŨ
һԵˣһ˹æȥһ滨ǽ󣬴˴Ȳз̫Զȡ˴š
ôŨŨ¿˿֡
ЦֻͷʮԶĲ軨
˳һֻһ˸ߵʮѧʿ䷱ޣ˺üģҶ¶һ۽
Ȼ˴Ҳ̸ǼԶЩǧ¡
¬ѩŨһ꣬ȥҵĳӶף÷δޣɻҲûʲô
ԭڴ˴ӵģֻû뵽ɾҲˣ˵Ӽһ档
ʲôģδ޾ҪźáЦţ²ܿЬŵأǧȥǼŰգڴ˴ɿɿ졣
Цйֻԭȥˣ˪һۣǧ
ҪԼ棬ǶһأҲȥա
ȥֱа꣬ǵһγŸˣ񣬸̣չĸף׵ܣ֧ŻһʮС˵ҳأҲĸЩļ
һжˣĸɫҲԽԽãǰܹЩѣؽԸһְɡ
ⴹ۽ޣڴյĻӰҡҷǳ㣬ٺĺķ׹أ䡣ᱡʢǧҲһ֦ͷĻں㴺Ʈ衣дҶԼŮ̸ЦҲ˪ǧøˣѹֵľϲЦ
λӿˣȥ
ֻ԰͸ͨλȥ鿸磬˪æͣǧԼӡ
ҷ˵ϯзУ˴ƽϸߣиСŮΣĸڳŲ
ȭŴһǶشӲ軨ֱѩŨշɺ죬Цôѹȥ̧ۿǰǽ⣬Ӳ˼
ô޼ɾ˵ʲô֬ǮʡˡѩŨĸ첲״Ȥ
¬ѩŨ۶ҪҲȤң˵æһ¼ңպú˵˵ˡ
˻ڶ³ţ¶õء
ŴЦȡһֻϸϻ¬ѩŨУ㣬Σﻹûء
ģãѩŨ۷Ź⣬±
ϻһ֧觵ĲҡͷһĹ۽㣬԰Ϊ׺׺촦գͷöСͬˮɫ飬鶯ˣɣһ֪˵ġ
¬ѩŨˣߴߴŽϡ
λŮںͷ͵ЦȡС¬ѩŨҿ͸ޱҡΣõġ
Щ߰գҪҰ￴¬ѩŨϺϼǣߡ
ںͷ죺ʲô˿Ǹδүġ
֣ѩŨԼŮ£䶼תȥš
ѩŨŮһλӸʱԼ׽֣͵͵Цš
Цס߿ߣϯ
֣¶ĺѩ
ЦȥͻȻӣķȥˣ
̽ٺһģ˪˳·ܻȥңֱ¡
˰ɣûּģҲûʲôĪʱ⣬Ǵǧʱ֦Ѿˡ
ȥ
ѩŨЦ⣬˵⼸Ҫڼױˣܳ棬Ϊ㱸һ񣬹͵㸮ȥ
˵ֻظԼӸ״ǲ϶ʹӣײ⡣ҪΪƽ˵ĺòĸ˺Ƥǽ첻Ӧеصز顣
¬ѩŨţǲĸҲ磬Լٺòˡ
δ׷ʵʲôͿһȺĹŮм䣬ⱦǶׯ󷽵΢ЦһҵŮģ
ͷãһͬȥ鿰ա


6 
ΧƵĹŮһͷĿ¬ѩŨֲһ
˭һȺŤͷſҲòڣ̾˿ǰҹŮֵġ
˳ŴսĻᣬǺúôһ⣬ƽټţһһλڻˣֻǡ
·Ż˼붨ԶлԼĲλ⡣
ʧ˸ף汻ᣬҪһλ֪ķڰ۹޻¶ݴĹŮֻڻ˱ҵĿ
ҶһλԸĲĸһλѰý㡣Ĺʱ⣬ҲһЩɡ
һ߽鿣˴ɴȥչҵ⡣
±Ϊѡڷ¶磬Ϊ˱˿Ŀ⻻һЩ˿˭֪һˮ鿣ȹԵòôˣ°ҧҧŴķӶҪӳɫźá
º˼鿰ˮϣӳգƵġ
ˮ棬֪ǴӺδƮĻ꣬ÿ
һ˵ô˺ӵƣԭ㡣ش˶
˲ɾ̾˲ǻ
ٿɫԻ𣬻δմ㡣
ǳϯŮϯԣԾɫ͸ɴһΪܼԷɫȴ峤࣬һȤζ
ǻ֮꣬ɻ࣬ȴ»ʱǰ㽿ޱȣơֻյңңʾ⣬ֻ˵λĪҪ漸串оԴΪЩʫٵΪơ
䣬ˡ
лֻյеһ
յǺ÷һ÷ѩ
࣬ҲǲԸֵ¬ѩŨ֪˴ģֻӡӡǣͷ¬ѩŨԺ
˴ηɻԻͣɵĻ״˵õʮֳ⣬ѩŨڶϯĴ޼ɾĿⶼȻֻһŷġ
ȥֻǴĿƣ綼ҪմˣڴڸӶţѩŨһ
ͷЦ⣬ȥδüȥ¶ϯϸչ˼串ɾӲУֿżұϼƣǱöԺ̨ͬգ
ָӣΪβֱ˵أǲ֪˵롣
ȥǵһʵķ浽ָ֮ʱ޶
ЩǲԸЩģֻĳ֣ڼп黭Եн
Ǿ
λֶ֪ŮԴʧ˸ףӱЩҲ˹ཻʣ϶ͤüĿڣǵǸģºҲã벮үйµĻԼڣǶԶصĶչ˺°뱲и
֪һ£ݣֱҲл
ɩҲüλһͬп
ˮнһСӣҲֻ֣ǸԵѩŨ˵仰ɰȴϱ
ңϲӣûĽŪˣʵáϻ˵ˣλ
ҷ˷׷ױʾްеİԷָۣ˵ҳеĶŮǣˮмҶɹоӵþʣڷϲԣȴгġ
Ҳʦ࣬Ůͷŵʳ̣Ϊڷϸɫµļȡ
֣˵˷׷׳£ڲӼڶ࣬մɣҵǰҵ˺òͷСɾСԸһأ
ŮϺõĽīͷɻΪ˸ȤԸչʾһ
һˮбϲЩţ¶оӵĲµ˵֮ʱƣѹºиɬ
Ůţڳǰ׳ˡ¸ȹׯңң
ĻŰƽǧվףҲжˡЦýޣڴ
ϱҲӯӯ°ݣŮղ㾫տԵͣΪɡ
ЦŴӦŮȡٵѣǰϣŮٰݣ㿪ʼ
зеﶯֿзҲΪ׷ײ׶ӣŷԵ⡣
Ů磬ׯĵŮͷڳҷ˿ʫ֮źɾ˹նýŰա
ǵЦѹסɵ͸ҷ˵ͳڣһļֱҪˡ
һɢڳб̲סʮֺãɩӰһظĸŮֳ˴ǰǸӣһ㾶ֱضȥˡ
ⲢкΣЯԼŮӻԺЪϢ
׺ԺеţԼӻظæǷ׵ַϸռõӣΪжλ
Ȼûʲôֻţ´׵ǣԱʱ֮衣۽ޣš
Ǳ߿˵Щʲô׺ȡһ̴ľϸᣬϸϸΪ˳ͷ
˻سʱֻӽúãҲû˵ʲôֵ
Ҳ֣ĸ˷ƺֻ˵ԼչʾһǴȱػֳȥӦ˵ЩԼˣŪ֮ͥĻ
ϵı̸ͣڵҴ󸾹Ůн֮ˡЩˣóȥϽͷ̸ݵģϴͷβҲδļҰ֡
ʮڹеСӣĸ֪֮ˣ֪ԼҲĸ̰ˣԼŮסĸأ
һǾòף׺ȥѰϵƹӣ˴ڵķҪⲮԶЩģ׵ЩΪã˼Ƭ̣뾩ýЩҲɣҲҲɣ۸񲻾Уֻ˵λݣǣѧ
ӷİɣҪȥͻӣūԻġ׺йɫ˳ȥ˪ѩԡ
ҹɫŨ˴͸ȥġ
үլ֮¶ˡżַһС㣬λҲš
̽һֻǽڷֽӹż㣬ȼ
ģóѡ


7 
ҪլӣΪ¬ѩŨ»һ˱ͷӾͳӯ
ɰҵһ׵լӲ򵥣һİլǲеģԼĸ׵ܰ˽ȥĸֻһҶӣ˵ǹ˼ץ檣ƽͷĸ
ùԱﷻլҲʱڵĳٳ﷢ţֻзٻǲլճ
뵽ⲻЩ˻
լӻأ˴ǰ޲ƵУմϽᵳӪ˽Ҳլ˹ʵԭɡ
һҽ游̫ǻ֮䣬һֻҾôѧǰ˵Ǽ̳дͳ֮˵أ
̫ͬͬ⣬˿ڲᣬؼҶҲû˸ҷһˡ
˱ʣᴵīȥĺϼҵһӦ£ī۸һͻء
ű̺ɫԴЩ԰ףסŮļ磬ֻţһʱǰ㡣
ûбĸ׸˰ĵˣ̧۳԰ЦЦĸ׻ֻʣѽǰȥϸ磬ļҿĵɾ
һӺգֱ˵˵ˣ
Ѽˣȷÿ£ǳЦﲻԵģֻϣһλӿֶϽĺöɣ
ϻδ˵꣬㱻òˮס졣
ŮҲͦãׯӿɾӪۻ裬տөɽΣߢ÷ƣָͷһһţʮֺҪŵܵܶ飬ŨŨһ棬һΪŨŨﱸ»أôҪ£пտҵɾ
ЦҡͷŮӵ뻳УԼӲã鲻ŮãֻΪһλ˵ɾͷˡ
˻׻δ˵ڡ
򲻸ˣ˼ҿ£ķ
Цͷֿ˻ŶԷСɾף˵ҪʹԼŮ˼ǳˣŻػҲСŮͷơ
ǰķﵹ΢
Ⲯ֣ɻ˼ȴѾŮͺͷ¶źƵģֲ¶ģ˴λҪзȥ˵˵ء
λֿͿ˵Щ֮лݱظȥˡ
洺磬˦ȥԺ˵Ϣ
Сɾʷ򽭼ҵĵȥ꼰ڣȶ˼ңȵԺɻ顣
ţⴺǻδأƶܽԣ
ΪϴӣԸȥϲ
ʷεȼҷǼСɾһĶ飬Ǵǰ;ġϽӹյһЦζѹ
ºƲģһ˫֣ţŮΪȾָףһԻСѾҳιιĵġ
ⲻŵһˣʲôˡƤһԵŮ㽫Ĵߡ
ȻãԼŮǶǶɾĵġ
һ·ﻮ¶˳죬᲻أ
Ȼֻ֪ѡɾʵѧģ˹ӣҲܸھֽһյƷţʮϡ
¿ԼףоλĲ𣿡
Щ˸Ҳƽˣ²յȻҲãֻΪλڶ˼ȻҪЩ
λŵճϮʲôºǲĸŮӣøȥ߸ˣλǵģ常Ȼ
ˣ˵ϲأǱϿŮһۣɫЩݣλʱһǵճϮģ
¾˾죺֪ס
һʱ޻ֻ͸Ǽ跭ҳ֮
ڣǳ׵׽ͶԶһˣº̧ۿԼĸס
ЦЦ˵һҪµף̫֮ʱ
һ£ʲôܳɵأ
ϷԼԺŪݣͰƽϺүʶ΢ĩһСУξ֮޵ھĺˣǼꡣ
ֻҫ붨Զǰ˧ļȣǲһض
ɷ򶫱ܣһӣʧɷӣõˡ
ʹ˱㿪ʼ̷ֻϺүƴɱĸͰͷ϶ȣһأ
Ϸˣɾ밲ˡ
Ѽӽ֣öδˣ߰ɣȥ
ŮǷϷһۣ£ַϴƵˮһӱ¹ŵҲּ䡣
աѮɤȣֻӲã˼
Ϸǲֳ趨ʡĹصģһˣʲôģ֪ܶ˯پӴֲ棬ûֺǡ
˳ڣһһرˡ
ԼҲԺèʱЩŮȶ˵飬ǰСĽСѾ߶ȤӲ֪жġ
ĸװá
ĸá
ﱲСС˻һ
ɣҲˣӺЩˣϷ˿ϣȷּϲ
ϱТǰЩδܸĸ밲Щ˱ɫЩ԰ףҲ˸ӺЩ
Ϸ˵ӣҲϵķ˵ҪҪʬɱǴˮߣмֻŵϣҲʧ˷ϵʹȻҲƫһЩ
ʲôﲻģֻúӱˣЩȥӳԡ˵űԸȥȡ
ɻҪʲôҩ
ʰõĴ˵ֻѩǡ
ֿ̧̧ۣ𴦡
˻ʴףĪðѩҩԲǡϷ˵ͷ
лڶЩޣôҲԼ䣿
⣬ʲôϲ£Ϸתͷϡ
æ˼Ц¶Ļ£ǰ˼Ŵ¶ģϱȻϣ½
ʱͷֻûһƲء
ϷЦŵͷֻӦ˼̰ͼԶĸΪԼŮ࿴˼ң֮ʱв۵ǰ룬¶˵ǡ
ðǺ£ԵúóﱸšϷȡͷңͷʽЩӶǺõģĸá
ϲɫæŮһлϷˡ
ϷжǺö¶ȻǰֵǮˡ
С£ӣ곤Щɾ׼ƿȥѧ˽δ඼ĸǰ밲
ϷСɾСǶЩӰԵ׼Ϊǲ˵˻С˵Լˣվ͵ɡ
׵һĸףԺлȥ
ԽҵͶȹϣСȥ׽
ͷһЦȹܿܶ׷ţ̤ұ


8 
ݺڴ¿顣
ɽμǡǰд¼ʮɽľоɫط龡۵ףǸʱġ
Ҳʮϲλһδúɽжѽ
ɷһҳֻѩӣ¬ߵˡ
ǰɻѩŨ˵ΪԼһؽҲΪġ
μǣ̧ۿ⡣
ƺżŮֻδҡ
ӣϲ⣬й˵ɻ˵һֱأձ˱ū
˵űȡһֻϻӣ򿪡
ǡ¬ѩŨӲذװ½ϣ˵
ֻЦ˵һʮá
ϻӣͷǼֽǰһǩӶ
ֵ޼ɾڴ¹ְǰ鰸鳭Ůլ̽һЩŮŮ׳ʵӣ˿ʵֿɴ㡣
֪ˣܲЩŮŮɾʹѡλҲӶðӴ񡣡һ˵һգۡ
ЩŮڴڶְλģǲ鰸漰Ů죬ҲǿʱѰЩǮӪֻһˡ
ǰհԺֶַֲѩŨǰæ
ʮ־ϲֻٺòˣҼա
ָ˸ӣ׻ƣԺļλŮӱζ룬ŶͨŮģȴȻͬ
ǴǰǮ֮࣬Ǳн
ԭĮС񣬼ҸӾս밢֦ҶԶүӻʿž죬ȥȿϰȭŹ򣬻ɷ
ԭŮǰЩˮֻʣΪɺү£Ů꣬ҲܳͥŮѧˡ
ҲǽƵҶŮĿϼѣʮ⣬ʱ㶨н꣬Ӷǩֻ֣Ǽǩӡ
ÿѮЪϢ죬غŻˣʱŸűǡ
⻽׺ЩŮȥסϸָװһϻӸޣллǼӣֻ»Ҷһݺ񡣡
͵Ц¶Ҫ֪Լӣˡ
ԶһɰģоʿֻÿѮ̫ҽҩΡ
̫ҽɳԺڣʵʵš
ڻް壬ҩζ̫ҽ£ɴʵǰҩƹ齣˽˺ͷҡ
̾ɫɴԼ͸ӰŸ±ʡ
ү¡ҩһʵλн̡
Ǳأ鰸߷ۡƻҡҷʹ۽ϸܱ
âͶУӥһ㡣
֮ڣȢ翤֮ŮΪ
ɫδ䣬ֹأһͬ󽫾ͺݴʷشʷֻԴºԸλüеŮ빬Ϊܻá
翵δ̫ΪɲܾЩҴĶ
֮ΪңΪ̸ڣѶŮ޵ϵĹˣʹĴˣҲһŮҵĻȫ
ȥɡ֪£Ӳܡ
ۡ°ڴ䣬ճӢͦýˣ·ƴıӡ
ȴ޴мԵģ
ǰĮݶ飬˴ʸһͷ˺ԡ
ŵ֪ʸĮбӲдԼ˿Ϊ֮
ʮͷͣսϱȴӴ˱Ȼֹ
ϴڳһ⵹̫ٹشʷ¹٣ֱ˹ţȻʵдλگ飬йʺҪԼĸΪΨһ̫
ֻڽиտǵĶԶȢͬɼΪޡ
ϸϸĦһĺɫǽ̴δᡣ
ǰǰĽݣǰΪμǣȥԺͻһͬʫ
ǿǷ̫ࡣ
Ҫǰ˵ĺǻ⣬һ
ɫӡúǽ˵Ѵŵݸ
ǡ£Žҩļвй¡
̫ҽҩ̻عϸֻǿɫ࣬ǶԶδɫɣҲǸĥ˵Ĳ¡
԰ɨ˺·͵͵̫ҽȥıӰ
ŸƹλŮӣ̤ʵнʵͬ޲мӡ
££޷һֻϻ׺˰ƽš
ҡƹǴ󷽵Ц⡣
ε˼ڶ࣬ƹˡ˲յ
Ƕҵͼпвģ˵ǰѵõĺ˼˵ֻϻӣ붫ҹĿĿɺãĶ񣿡
齫ϻ⣬ָƹ˺òõ㡣
ϻǼʽ仨ΣѹŵģȴǼд˰լĻ㣬󻭵ͼ
ò裬ƹŲյƷֻĿ
һڼλ᷻ԭةլ꣬Ƚլȥ
밲ƽеļܱ徻ʷҺǧţɽżң˵ܱ߶ǳΪֻ빺ô˴в޹÷һ
ڶڰַ붨ԶͬһҲ֪ΪΣһֱ˰ýȥԭ˼ٵģ룬ַڼǰͷլǿմ˵׹֮ڣذȫҲб֤ģֻǲ֪Ƿá
˳ڵĸլۡԭŮڶֵֻ࣬÷ּլӡ˵ڳڶմų͢ĹϵڰģҲδɡ
ҿ⣿ûȥĸģƹ裬ŶׯЦΡ
һĥĥȥɡֻǼżӿ棬ȡ
񣺡Ǹðεʱ򣬶һЩ׬ˡ
ףͷ׺ȥ¥ȲŻȥĸԺϼơ
֪ŮҪլӣ뵽ָӣֽӹǼŻϸĥ
׵ıλ᷻լӣֻǾ˸Ͽ֮ҲҪٸʵ׵زģΧǳةǲӦʡ
ǽ˰ƽͷ´˴Է̶֪Ǵ鷳˴˰ɡ
ַĿլŵǴʣλҲãΧвұǸֻǲ֪ΪһֱãǷʲô֮ȥһ˼⣬ѡ˳ĸլۡ
ֻ˫֧ϿŰЦ
ţװãЦ̧ۿ⣺Сͷ⴦ˣ
ٺ٣밢ϬֱӣһҪּң֣ǲڼ۸Ǹ˼ҵլӣȻҲǶ˼ǮȥݡڴΪ̻ǾӪҲ˳Щ
˾أԼǹټӣʲôʿũ̡
ЦЦҪַּҵլӣҵеڣҲ棬ӦԼָ¡
л˵
Ů˽


9 
ڶȥŸţˣ˳լǼҸˡ
ǼڴҲղй
ŸйѡԴż䣬ʰ˴ǩá
ñЯ׺鲢Ůǳ˸ţɻδżţǼǹﰵ˵ż̳мҲ¡
üҲֿɿˡ
ſĻƼǶңʱ
̴ܼȻ죬ͣ뿴˹ȥ
Ӧ겻һ粢ʲôƴֵģӵǲһ˫ְ׾ϸۣüǴñҲλˡ
ǼЩپСӣլ˽ֻټġ
ֻܼҳۣŮŮˣⲻģլǲˡ
λӣ˲ܼҳӣձլۡһ£֪壬ɻʲô֮һλŶ룬ɫЩ㲵ӵ
̬죬ԷŰ۵ġ
д÷ֻǲ֪լѽɺ£
˴ǼҸʱĻµģʮˣȴ֪Ǻʱɡ
ԭլҲֻأϲûǮƵؽҲǲУֻһʣլӲܼҽʮҲֻ»ʱǽԺӷ޹֣ЩŵĽһֻˣǮĵطˡ
һλٸ˿ڣӣҵҲ֪Ĺǣɣԭ˰Ǽ߰ʮΣ
ظһλЩɾ㼱վ𣺡㣬ǻûͬأнۣ
ۣȥʱܰլˣˮúɾ
˵öԣӦǼ̶˲ſ˵һλβŮɲףҾ֪ܼǶŮˡ
Ұļױʱ㻹ٸ¶ŪǺƲǡ
ɾǺĸļױСģôúͨ
СӣHƤҲĸױȻŭİָǶ˱Ǽһͨ
һһŮǱˣ˻ŭĿԡ
˲伸˱ˤյ͸ǰ˵ˣֵ֣һأֱò֪˦ȥ䵽ĸ˵ϣһž졣
ǻԹѾãȻ⼸仰Ĺ˴
̣׺æԼӳͷ¥˶㼱æȹ¥⾰Ҳզࡣ
⡢ôˣæưæȰܣλŮҲǰˣǩľʹˡ
Ǽﻹδףջأ̽ͷ֣ԭôš𣿡
˷˺ôľŽܼ˷ֿһУҵøǧ
ܼҳ¹۴ǰյСӿЦˣǶԲס
ֱ˵޷»һɡ
ٸǲδʲô䣬εҲ棬ɫЩ
ɾŮɾͲͬˣһʹ£Լ˺˵½ɳ濴˶ͷһźգֻҵͷ͵һǸٸˣ޶ҿޡ
Цˣȴʮ̣ɲԼӶˡ
ɫ糣ǲ·ֻԺ伸Σ԰Ӳݵܼ֮࣬һ߰Ϊۡ
ǩʱֳ˲ӣֻܼҳǩɾֲ˵լҲзݣӦݲǡ
δǵãûŮɻδ˵꣬һ۸ٸŵñ˻ȥ
ŮϵĲ裬һڣôÿһӲˣŻŮң±Ҳһˣ
Ǵ˼ױȥģҲñһݼױȻ۸һ㡣
ҵļױͷĸĸ׵˽㵹ФҲˣյӳһЦԼǻʺĹɣױҪӹͣ
Ҳǣƾϸܸ㼸ͭӶһλδڵɾȥˣ䳰
㣡ŮؿֱιȥҰƴˣ
ɾҲ˺½󣬶һͬǹɾȥ
һҲư
㣡
ۿִ⿴̾ΪֹԼжǰӣǴûֱ׵˴Щĸ˷ּҵ£֪ҪηӦء
ⷿǩˣѲɻڴ˴Ǵլӣ֪պж鷳
ͷ磬ܼ˵׮ʹգҵѰӡ
Ǹƹ鷳ˣǶûֳģϴǸ⣬׺ȡɰӣЩһա
Ӳɰȴơ
ﻰԭʶ˲壬֪鷳ǵ鶫ҵ¶ˣӣЩҲգǲܼˤģնӡ
ӻʰַǼլӣα㲻ŸˣֱȥǼլۿǡ⻹ǽɰƹٲһģȹȥˡ
нʱдӳΣ֯˿ʳͷȥգҲþòİﳢζġ
¥ʮ飬ӳæϽյʲɫ˵ЩŮϲֵ֮࣬Ŵ
Ϊ˳Ƥֻ˵ȿθڡ
СӳЩʲôɵ۵ģ˳áĿӣֱű㼢ꤡ
ﲻ˸ˮ⡢ڡͷټʱߺƵһںҪװʳУظȥ
ϣСмҰ¥ڣǿǱۻޱȣǲģһǿϼʰ
ó±ˣּ棬׺鼸Աӻظ
һСӽ˵СлȡСӦϲװһֽʳС
һʰ׵ʳУǳԲǺͻֱڳﻹҲԡ
׺ֱЦ´λ𣿡
ԣˡ
ǰլӣڸ㡣üö÷ӣѹһѹ
л˵
飺ְ


10 
ظ󻻹ۣ׺ȥԺڷ
ˮ˸貧Ƶֻװ߷·ϵˣȡ̿ڵģ污÷·𱻷һܷϼԶ°ڳɻͣ˴ۡǴ׽֮Ϊͷˣȳƣֱθڴ󿪡
ԲΥʳɵҲ˲棬ʣǷǩˣ
գգۣδء
׺һ߲һ߻ɫؽ˵ܼҽֵô֣һŸɶ䶼Ҫš˻½ӳϡ飬߬Žڣ׵ģҪж
÷Цõֶˡ
вܶߵ͸䲻ˣֻȥ鳶ͷϵιñ̤һأǽܶ˳һˣʵǵòʧ
ǸģȴС˳һߺſֱͣһȥҴһͨƤӲָأ
ⱾЦ˵Ҳ̲סȡڴ
ҡҡͷЦ¿ָ֪Ǹʲô⾰ˣ
ǼˣǸȴȫеӣ˿õ㣬Ǳ߰Ͳÿؽǲߣ̽ɵǼˣ㿴ҵҿɲټš
ˣЩӰȥ㲻ǿסΪŮһ⣬ֿСֳԡ
ȥǰַլѽ
պǰȥַլӶ壬ֻúʼˡ
ӣ⼸ʱţضҪš׺Щɡ
ްθž͸Űɣ֪լӣðǵġ֧ҡԼϣʮֺõģ
ַլճ£νðլû£ֱط٣㽫լŵȻؾʱסȥˣϷӲ̫ãؾҲңңڣȥǽլˣһǮ
¼լۡżλĵͣլδɼ꣬ʱɨݣյһǺܺõģʡ˲ݵĹ
ԭ˼ҲȤˮʯţԺļˣһС԰ʢŵĵ¼һԻдҩٹһ±ܿ
¿ϲˡ
ֻδ˼ҾסլЩᣬЩͿɨһ
ȥԺ˿ܾլӾǰԼϲòõһģһ֦ҶѿҲɰ֡
⵱ǩӡ£¼˱ţȡżһʽݷ顣
аַլۡ߰ʮ⿴ϵ֣вزסϲá
լӱȲܼҵСЩλøãҲ޷
լӣµѹÿܵģټһЩׯĽ
¼Ѿǩ˲żǩˣǩԼСӡһͬȥ¼βϹӡ
ˡ
Լµլӡ
¼͵Ʊһʽݣʱȥʰϸ׵ǳ˳س¼ȥ
ͷ뽫լٹһ顣
Ҷأ߹ǽӰڴլӣ̫ˣǽܽǷ죬·𴦴ǰԼ⽨һ㣡Ҳ֪¼˵Ǻˡ
Ͼ˵Ϭ
¼ʹʰú󣬱㽫լӵԿ׷ͨͨ⣬Կ׹ڸϡ
ţȰ˼ңҲҲ֪Ƿ¸ڵʹӶԸ÷˼Ͳ˵ģҲһ
լҾߵǴ뱸ȥף뻻ټĻ֮ǵúúѰţԸӼ켸Ūլ԰ӡ
˲鿴լǷһӦȫֽ
һԿУЩɱ˵жˡ
üպ밢һȥȶǩ̤࣬Ҳǵլӡ
ҪϢŨŨԾƲǡ
һһߵǳظȥܺͷŵβ͡
ȥ̽ѯ˼Сɾ˴ǰ͵ˣ
ˣ˴լӣ֪Щʲô
Ȼȥˣ粻ᣬƫҪȵЩôʱᡣ
ĸŮЩӰլӶˡ
ֻӼţָǮ㽫˴򷢳ȥ
ˣʱȥǿɾס˰Щ֪Ǻá
ϴʱȴ侲լôҲݲһּǰϷˣôģǻлᡣ
ѹǰĸŮţԭΪŪϵ
⼸ݺ䣬ϻͷһۡ
ʲôˣ
طˣնإˣмվˡ费ֻ̧ۣ
΢΢һЦððݼ棬Ӧ̤࣬ú漸ղǡ
һȥϷ밲Ǿȥ˹°գܵһһգֱûʰլΪúϹҵ¶˳졣
Ϻ뵽ЩʲôĴһ
Ϊǿһ㣬Ըջҡ
峿ã֪ȸߴߴ
ԺŮſڴǷϷԺ˵ظȥ˹㣬æȥͨ
ˣձϷȥ˹ݼסһյģ㵱̤ˡ
ãϵ˵ͷԺʰ
ϷĪ˴Щƽõҩȥλﶼǹػ
ǳǳһЦͷĸ׹һˡ
ߺϱԸʰװһЩۣ˹ɽϣֻ±ɽºЩ
ʱڣ¬ҸѧҲ˼٣ҲСһˡ
˯㣬ӵѩů͵ķ۶жУǼշǳ۵ķֻۣè
һۣӣ£˯ա
˳ңȥҪõĽȹ
ٹϼգԼӾҪסլȥûжŮǣһӡ
ˮ㻬֬񣬽Ҳ˳
Ҳ֪ȶͷֽܷܲ𰣬ֻȥӺСɾҲá
أԺеŮ˵Ϸȥ˹¡
⵹ˣֽֽ˻ȥ´ٷŰա
һ˯ʮ㣬齼ֻ̽˱СԵۡ
ЩԵɣŪ˯ۣīɢƽ֪ģ쵹ټŮģ
ˮźϴӷϣڵӣŷԺˣ˵ϷؼҴСȥ˹㣬Ҫסһҹ
ӣЩƵıˣĸ뵽һȥ˹˶࣬ʱɽסأ
ʹˣ˵Ƕ˼֮ǰ㶨ֻ׼ЩϸȥԼӻδ˯ѣϴ
Ǳã˵˹µիóԣҲȥˢȥˡ
л˵
ˣĳ׼ǽͷ


11 
ڶîʱ̣ȥϷˣһӳǳ
ƽԴɾŮҲˣ̤ĳԭȥ
һ·ϴдУзֽκģʫģϻλƣڳ˯ˡ
ЦЦԴŮļͷԼ
˹ΪʷʦԺǰߴԵʮׯ¡
СɳŰƽһȥԤõԺʰװȥݼ
ϷżҾ°ݣΪϺүģʹЩƣȥԺЪϢƽƿĺȥŮͯȥ
˹»в˼ǰӭ
뻴Ϊޣ޶˶մŻףְĸǰ㣬˳ĸ˵С࿴һ
æżҾ
΢΢ͷĸģׯ󷽣λ壬ͷ
ƽˣˣɻû뵽˹Ե
ڴЦɲǣǰƢͶյüҪúĲǡ
ţ˱֪ҽյĻöͶԷɾһ棬ŮǷͶԵϲҲˡ
ĸ󣬵ͷ׵ɰϵӣּȥ
̧ɾͦΰ׾⣬ͷӡ
λ˶ãʳãȥˡ
ƽΣԼҶӡ
ɾ˵ͷĸѡģȻǺá
ֵһʮִصģòׯѰã𾴳Ҷ䡣
ߺϱжЦ⡣
ֻŮݹŮˣһĪˡײǡ
Ҳôˣֻ˵ЩҪȥĵ㻹Ըȥˡ
ˣŮһۣ·ɣĹ֮ϣü佥ȾƬ̣ǩͲ
֪ĸ׻ǣŸףֻһԳף
ʰ֧ǩߵȥѰʦǩ
ʦڰǰһҳ飬£ӹǩ
һʵ֪λЩʲô
롭檵ķѰ꣬ÿЩ˿ֲüʧ
ΰݹһԡ
ȱµԲû˫Ц޶˽ֱ֮ˣǩһ㣬ܵúñ
ӯڽޣʣʦָ㣬δȥܵѰ
ʦҡҡͷѰã˷İգز֮»ӦԱΪҪ
лʦչüϺǮ
ȴֻ֣öͭǮԶٺ̧ۺС£ĪҪ̼ԣѿɽ⡣
һ䲻֪ʦָǺ£ֻллʦָ㡣
һҹիŮϯֻרիδ̧˶λ˵Ļͷ
ϲĻţ˵ԼֶŮ붨ԶһҲ֪ôຢһ÷ѯΨִ©ڣöԶˣ¶Ļ¸洵
⡭
ʹ˸ɫֻϯԼŮһʹĹע
ҺδĺӣһٷԵĵ治ֹɽ裬ЪЪȡ
ϴСЪΣⲻȥɽԺ䡣
˹һڶǰƷͣںԺԺǽ²ٱīʱˮȹӲЩ֭Һһۺɫȹȥһ÷⡣
Ժɰӳʮ־ף֦ҶкĻһɿ֮
ǰȥһƬѤ֣ɾһ㡣
ʫĶǽ֮ϣԺǽһһ
ʦ𣿡
ȼų̴㣬˿ƣ鰸֮䡣
˼ʦһµȻչյǧ磬кǲܵأ
Դڸʱεǰ֮£µߵܾС
ʩ´ɡ˼ʦȡһ̴ľ飬Ϊס֮ɰ궨ǣš
лʦ׼ǴƬִ̣䣬ƺʱи˿߽סǰ縡Ƽһ㡣
ʩд˻Եúðգҷ 
һ紵У̴ɢˡ
̧ۣһ˫ž޲°ա
ʦЦˣǳֵɮЩ첹ĺۼֱ˵ʩԵֵˡͷҲصȥ
ɺԺ΢Ůɤ
Ϥ¿ʱ¡
һӳ֦ҶһϮۺɫıӰڷƣ췢ԺΣִϺӳ֮ϣૣԺǽϵʫ䡣
Ϊһ޹Ρ
һһƣЩᣬ·ҪӰԼ֮С
ⷽƪʫģֻݼ㣬ȹȥԺλΰʵĺɾüŨңֱֱơ
˴һԲ۷񹫺˼磬òȴȻͬ
ֻΪԺйͣܿǰȥˡ
֪ΪΣܾЩĻţвϵĵ⣬ġ
ѩŨĳëè֦ȸ
ȴЩˣ뼫
ˣЩȥǡ
˫ָ֪˶ľ⣬סԼʱȥ׽
ǰʱѾǻܿܣڲϹӲдȲ񫣬ҪŴԼ⸩ԼڲٿԼݲž̹
ɼˣȴ˺б˴˲ɶõĹ
Լ
֪ƽ˻ּ̫ͻ飬ýԼһĸԸؼ޸Դһ˽ġ
ڵϣǰǸ˫۾ܾǰ벻ʲô˯ˡ
̧˿Ϊۡ
շѩ£Լ֣ʮָ࣬һͬ¯ȡů
ΪԼ˶ĸĸ׵Ļᡣ
˼ǰ½񣬳˳ȥĸ׺׵ܣСֵԺܡ
һˡ
У۸ӣԼֻ˵½ĿһöС룬һ
ۣؿתͷ˹µС
ҭ֪Ϊλ㲻֪ܵΣùʳҪȥǰǡ
л˵
ڼˣ


12 
Ϸ㶯ظǳŰ֣Ҳסûóײɽذȥա
ײˣ˹ΣԸݹΪ׵ܺѩŨƽֻ֮Ժڶ棬ԺҲ
𣬻ֻ˵Щٵϰݼµ϶ˡ
˵ϵƽƽһӽãױҪ͵ģڳ㣬ǲ֪Щʲôźã˼ȥ׵
֧ǩ֮󣬱ľ࣬ãػȥú÷ѩ谲Ӷָܻ
ȡһֻ籱СڽţȴƮȥլӡ
γ˵̤࣬ȴˣһظҲôĸ׵ܰ;תȥլֻ롣
ϴҲδƸϸԺﻹҪǧźã԰ĻǽأԼԺһ齣ɱɣҲ֪᲻˵Լû˹ͷϴμɴʵģǺÿ֪Ƿ̫ҷѡ
ϼŮĲɣʵʲôأ
һں籱ѩĳһ飬ڴլأĸ˵ٺûã
ɣɷˮ幩ϴţ·ǰʱ⡣
ĸŮ˵廨СϳأһͷԵĸ׻˯ذҲ߲ѣЦ˰Ρ
ˣЪգȥŲլӡ
زʱϦ£ϷһӣԺùϦʳָǷƽԸ˻Ժˡ
ⷽԡ꣬ԡͰò׺ڰǰдš
׺ϸøĳΪһյƣüӲŻЩˣҹдֶ۾
׺ôƣһ۾ģ־㣬˵Ұ͸ŨŨһϻ¶ţǰվ˾˿Ҳһȥ
ŨŨձڼױ͸ˡЦ˳Щɿɿ졣
ãū֪ˡ׺ЦŽӹдõż㣬ӿЪϢɣʰ
˵űȥ齱ߣԼҴýӣٴ˵˳ҡ
׺ȥ¿ҷţ˵һϻ¶ţһȥ¬鸮
¬鸮һæľ᷿ڲƼºҪȥҵϸ¬ѩŨԼҰﶢţԼԺ
ѣСϰŮʱסΪϼվտҲ£סģȻҲֻѧһǰ㡣
ԭŮҼ¶ҪԼ壬լԺﵹҲЩЬ֮Ҳˣ¬˿ӳüչģҲҡͷ޲档
˴棬Ѵ¬ûӣֻý͸˿滻Щ粡
ԧ۽ŵģԧôһģ
¬˿ȥֻԼǰôûסŮˮĥ򣬽˵ѧ㲻ѧˡ

¬ѩŨҲü˼ձ㷳ʤڻأֲţҲˡ
˼Ҿǲ𴽶߬¬˵ҡȥ¬лϱ̲ɾҪ˽
Σ涼Ҫ
ˣǱӶԼɾɰЩӣҵûУСɾܲġ
¬˼׽Ů룬˿Ϊ
ʲôĵģ岻ֲӡ۵ļ羱ֹԹԼ
¬˵ЩЦãʲôӣԼɾǷ֮ȤֲͷŶˡ
ŮˣҡҡͷǻһЩӲܿϡ
֮ǰĺĺɰͦõôԧͲУ¬˳档
ѩŨԴЦһһ߽ģȻá
幤տ£סģʮϲ⣬ԭӼһˣ˲¬ѩŨЩ
ˣӣǲ˶Ůϻӹ
ֽӹԼСǰ
˵أͶأ˺ȱȥѩŨϲ̧ͷǲѾˡ
ߵ׺˵֪ױ㲻ݼӷģö
䣬һЦ¬˸ǿڴ֪ģú塣
ҡ˵͵͵ȥ棬ֿԼҰ㽫ͷĻֱ˻ȥ
ʲô¬˽ϻӴ򿪣ϻӹ㣬һźͻȡݸԼŮǰ¿ĸƵ¶ţ磬¬ѩŨͰ£СѾȡ
Ǹɫ˿ߣǻ˽˿ĵģɫʼѣϸȳƣչ¾ԣ¬˿ſ޲ѡ
ŰɣϤЩ˿塣
¬ѩŨȡͷд⼸յļȤ£Ϊƽ˵Լ˴լӣȷָӺҪ͡
㿴լҪָˣ¬ѩŨϲЦտƽ߬Ħ㲻úǶĸϦԣü
¿ŲЦ⣬Ϊһλӿġ
¬˿Ůߵָⶼˣ̾ӹŮһת˹ޣˮһ죬·ұ¶
û˼أѩŨƿ۾ֻˣĹޣ
µ֣¬˷˿ߣԼŮ
㾹֪ǶԶѽ¬ɺСӣʲô¶˵ġ
ˣԶҶ㣬ǲĸô˼ҶȥͷϡѩŨϸżպãֵؿһԼס
֮ǰǳϵķɻ磬ƽ˵ʱзͤУ˼ҷ˵˵ġ¬˻ʱ˵ֶŮйµĻԼ㽫Զλصɾպչ
ƽһֱǸʮ̸ֽģҲδֵúܡ
ʲô¬ѩŨվǰֻ˵Ƕѽ
ֻ̼ʲôصɾԶ»أУ֪Ҫȥ
¬ѩŨͷȥְԼۣð˵Ҫףԭƽ뿪գԭӶҪռȫˣ
᲻ԼŮҪԼֶŮϺı󣡡
һ磬Ҳˣֱֱ嵽Ժ
ŨŨʲôȥ
ӣ
л˵
ţʵֹ


13 
ѩŨһ磬գ۱εԺ
¬˻δӦֱǧԼŮס⣬Ҵ޵Ůææһʲôˡ
׷ȥŮְ˽Ž¬ѩŨקסֱʲô
¬ȹһץס¬ѩŨӣ㸸׶ı󶯣ôŮӣ
ǰ㣬ֱֱ嵽ܲ㻹ܽ˼ҵŮ߲ɣҲһ𣿡¬קסԼŮȻġ
ϣ־䶼˳ĵϲãȴ֪µ
£һ׮ĻԶŮӵһ
οɾ֪ģֻҪһѣٽ̰ƽסΪһӵʯ
¬ѩŨɫֻʣֻ߬Լĸ׵ڡ
¬üƬ̣ڵ£ĸ֮ý֮ԣĸײߣɻĸףƾһĸֶܾŮĻ£
㰲ƽȫķ˶˵ˣҲ
һĸĸףĸ棬ʱֵĸ飿
ѩŨˣԶġ
Ȼ֪һǲĸֻ㲻ܳȥ˵װƽӣٴЩСȥ
ֵ֣ǰϸ²УȥЩӣȥֱ˵ŨŨ岻ã
ôʱ˵ѩŨЩڨڨ
мǣɻֻ̼ƽӱǡ¬˼ţӲãҲ֪¸ò˵
ˣȥ
ǣū֪ˡֹ񣬱첽Ժӡ
¬˸Ůָ⣬ֻıǡ
ּæЩϰƽߵţ˪Ժżӭֽˣ³ˣ£ӻӡ
˵Щ˼ױ£ŮãǲʡϸֳЩȻǲ̫˼˵ԼӲ廨Ƶġ
ݰɣǿˡ˪˽˶˲ˮȥԼĻˡ
ȹӣЩУôԽԽأ
֣׺˵ӣǸջӻûء
Ůʱʣȥˣм˵
׺ɫ˵ȥլˣżұȥɡ
ãо׺š
ѰЩ߽ȥլ鿴ǽשߣǷʲô©ˮȲ׵ĵطˣľߴЩҾ
ľǽߣһӦýˢô£ڴĹʣȲҪס
լҲ˻Ժɨӣͷȥ
ӣ¬㡣׺ǰɫȻ
ҵǼҪ£һõԺ˼£
ִյߣ˵ӣǷ˵ƽ˵ͶԶס
ʲôüǴӺδģ
ĸǴڻôǣͷȥˣ
շɻ磬׿˵ģּɤӶˣڳôˣֹЩӣضˣ
ǷֻΪ֪ģʱʱǲūš
˵һĸԵСġԳɣַ˻֪أֲã˵벻˵ϸһ
ȴǳ򾲣˸ϥͷȹӣǹһĨЦ
֣ллǼҷˣ ̧ۺЦȴźԻᵱĵģŨŨıޣġ
裬Ҫ鸮ǡ
¬Ϊɶʦͽ֮ŮҲܴһ֡
ã׺֡ĪҪð֪¡
ǡ
ˣԼߣ⣬ôźãô°ͷˣ
㵢鲻𣬱Ҹͷɽ󶪳ȥ
¬˵ûĸףͷһҺĸΪôҲֲһĸ
Ȩڶ࣬㲻Ȥǰͷиҹҡ˶¿ɹѰ֣һû䲮ŮôԵ˵һССӵĻ£
˵ʧǵ۹ҲѾˣкκ£Ҫͷ
һ˵ȥҲκβൽⶨ׻ԶлԼ֮ʱܱóһʱѵͲ˺òͬɨ
иѫɽλƿɾôҲǶż
ֻöģϺӣҪԼ
벻ţµ֪˦ˡ
Ҫּңּңͻȥ
üǿŽǶլ£󲻹ɣֻǻҪϹĴ͸ٲһ±סˡ
ֶĪ˰źò跹˳
սԺţȴ侲Щ˸޽Ƿ˿ʰ޺ȹǰһȥѰϡ
üչϼϿ廨
ȥլˣǣŮ£̧ʡ
ѽ뽳ǽߣ¸ǵһ㡣
˵һ뿪ķױ¥֦ӱ
ʧЦңʱʲô
ⲻϽȡȥ˿㰡
컬࣬Ļճȿɺã
ãأ
ֱӣڵЩֳȥ
ϷеĻǳʲôˣ
ûУֻǼլ㲻ˣЩȥѽⴹͷԺҾֳɵģñˡ
СӽˣΪԼܿϲǣˣͬ˼ĸ׻ｿ˼
ãϷҪЪΣհɣһǾȥϷˡ
ϲ׷ʣֻŮͷһͬ廨
С¬ÿֻϰտΣȥڣһѮϢ죬ʱǻ÷ġ
ϸ£ûȥЪΡ
صԼԺڰǰ˿Ҳޡ
żձȥĸǰ˵ּҵ£Ǿò죬Ը׺Щյ֮ȥլڵʱһŵŮӶææ
ֽԼ˽ֽ£һϻȥլЩɢ
ƽȫ£µ˼ֻЩ
Ҫ뿪ˡ
л˵


14 
ãϷԺݼ˵Ҫ
̫̫곯ʳֻ֣˽ĸŮ뵽ǰº
ĸ밲
ĸ밲
Ҳ˵һģС˯ǣο밲أϷȰʵŶ˵⡣
ֻ𣺡ĸ밲۰һҲݼΣǹˡ
ĸף Ͽһۣϱմ˵ּһ¡
ּңϷ˲ڲ죬ǳʲô£úõΪҪּأ
ʮϱģó飬ؽϺүϷ˺ϼƣҪΪƸһλȤͶŮΪޣɵҲ֪֮ȷǲФ뵽̫Ůͷϵġ
ֱӾȻ̽͵ĺ籱ؼңװѾ͵ܳ췼楡
СǰյǳͲϤУֻ֪סҹϵ·
ɽ籱ָꤵķ楣ϹϾصؼңֻԶԶ׺ôߡ
ֳ֪󣬰¬ճɼѻ
˻֮ͣԿ̿ܽǰ;ֻϧ¡
ϷһֱöԲϣӲ֪٣װϵ껪
޴£ֻǶϱﳼ֮ŮԴȥ겡һֱţʱֻúڲ¶ˣҲˣŷֳȥ
ּҶԲס㣬Ϸ̾˿ֵ楣ֻ²㣬Ը⣬ɺҲδɣô˵ʲôﳼ֮ŮĻء
˵䲻˵ģ̫Ǵںô֮
ĪҪ˻̫ܳԩѩҫ
ֻͷǰնϱֳţֻ˵ϼıЩ̻⣬оС򽻵ⲮҲҪʱױΪȥڲֻ˶ĹСɾǵǰ;
׼ҼѣȻҲܰһѡϷ˵űҪȡƲϻʱ׼ҲϺүԸŮ¼ޣǴʱּңҲ𡣡
һֻóĸɻǵ游ʱ붨Զ»Լ
ǵãֻǶԶಡ齣ҵСɾСҲɣδдյĻ飬Ҳûʲôġ
ɶĸǰ괦ûԼΪţүԲѣµ£㽫Լ˦ҵͷϡ
Ϸ˴δŮϼ˺飬ɫԸȥ˹
ԭǲ֪һģ⻰ͷһָסֱģ˵ˡ
⼸ţѡ˼ӣҳɩɲʣۿžպ
Ȳ˹зŻΪ²Ƽ£ѡء
ˣ̫̫롣
⵹ˣ겻ڣ̫̫ǲ˵ġ
ĸ׿˵˺£Ϸ»㣬
˵ֻЦЦ˵̡
ĪǰΪ¶ױ
ϲ̵ģæҲһĸл֣һȥϷԺС
һڣĸŮϰЦʱɢˡ
ŮһۣĪǱ֪ˣ
ĸ밲
ĸ밲
Ϸ˽ĸŮ˷ŵɫ۵ףֻڵɡ
ҹмϺүԹ˵Ϊλ붨ԶĻԼʧ֮ˣѡϷֻ̾˵
ͷһֻ֪СԶţܶװأ
СԶǱӢۣʵǿϧұ¶ܳһμѻϷ˸Ŀڣһϧģװ׵˺¡
ĸĸô˵ģ¶뻴غҵСɾˣձҪɲʣôͶԶ¡ץµ֣ĪҪ꣬ԼȴǺܡ
ǰ˵¸Ǻأ
ʣԶ࣬һˣضҪˣ˵ģ⣬ףûж֧ŵġǿ£Ҳ
ͷѹֻ÷ѩѹơ
ɫ糣Ʈ鲻ѡ
ҵôϣ¶ԶףǰͷʳԶ¶¼Զûǰ;Ҫ˦ͷϣӶռȫˣϷˤ˲յֻȹɱſʧ˳
ԼŮ᲻ɣֶŮܣ
¾ĸģ
ϻ񣺡ĸǴģϱ˼
㵱Ҳ֪ǰ㸰ʱֻŶԼ̸ʣֻһֻ۱һֻۣԶԲѣ㾹ֱӰ˵죿
ҲǸŮңڳĻӣ
Ϸ絶˵죬ֱֱ¹£ĸϢŭǶϱͿǶϱͿ
ĸϢŭǸ廨ͷֻĸٶĻҲûˡ
ϷԺŮȥΧţҲЩġ
ôǲˣ£ͨģ
᣺Ƕϱˣûô࣬ϱֻ޿Զܺúúǻ
ʲôܿ࣡Ƕϱİ˻¡
Ϸһӹ²裬Ըһۡ
ҲĨˣ¿ϥϽűߣֱʳʹȹǶû
ǶɩǷܵһ򡣡
һʱ֪Ǻã֧졣
´ӳ𣬾δĸִٵӣĸҪʲôûв˳ġ
Ҳֻܸĸ⡰ááػţԼĻ
²ĸǲ෬ػʱչˣֶŮֻһֻ۱һֻۣ֪ĸΪѰôһź¡ܽأֻʱͬһ㡣
ԭ֪ˣ
ǡǺ£ĸΪðһ㰮㣬ֻĻµˡ
ϻ̼žʰףȴˣ˿ڲ衣
ĸˣ밢ҲʲôԴֻһ仰ǷּҰɡ
ʲôҪּˣ飬ԴȴֻŴ϶Զ£˼ҿɾǯƲסˡ
Ϸ̾˿ǰֻ֪Щп룬ƤǳЩԭŵ˲ˣôҲϰüִ֮
û뵽Լ˵ˡ
ԼҲ֪ҪͲýԼȥ˵ûԼŮȴϧֶŮǰ;
ڽױͿŻǷڳϻﻥٲҲǰ;Ȿʧ˸ҲֶŮˣٻͷʳﻹкɾԸȢţ
楣ҿּҵ»ݻգǶɩԣúòһٲᷢ
Ϸ˻ԼϱΪּһŮһӣǴڸǰҲǸ롣
ֻ޳Ѫ©˷ĸǰôϷԺŮܿЦ
ܷŹ̫ھ
ĸϷѸߣꣿͨһ˵ĻͥԺûֶδĥ¶ĸ
վ͵һͷգһһҲ
һҪ


15 
ĨᣬʵҲã楣գպһӱ
ҡҽΪ¶ﱸױҲΪﱸһݣ˹ϵģԼ˽Ҽױ
Ϸ˵¶Ҫﱸ£ڹϸ˷ּҵĲӣ˿Ц۵ĺӿɾ͸ˡ
楣һϹͷȴҲЩ强ԭ˸һһݣЩϷΣϺļױ޲úɾ
ֻֽŷؿڣϱΪ˲Ʋأ
ˣǷּĺáᣬԸ̡
ϼˣô˶ܰĸŮ
ǵլӲǻδ
ҵĴһּңףҲһʱ֮أһǸιػģֻŰ¡
ЦЦǰðլӣĸѾ֪𣿡
ֻȥ˲СĽ˷ˡ
üװɵ֪´ֻϣֲܾܶЩӣҳﱸøǷݼױ
ҷּҴ£Ȼ貮үڳȰºүú˵Σ
ĸ˶ȥɡϷֻһ󣬺ʰЩһ
ĸˣˣڵȲ˵ɡ
³˿װããұضúֲȥдױӡ
˵űֶĸŮ˽ԲܣϿٰϷˣֻ˵ˡ
Я³ϷԺţĻݣ߬
Ҫ˰ɣûĸĻʮֺǲյƬԼҲɾٳӡ
ϵı䣬ˡ
ɣұҸЩһǲˡŹɫ
ҪָãҲҪͿնԶļҵףҪɨأıԶ
¼ĸɫˣЩ£Сڵ㻹ʲô
㲻عܣıޱǣḧŮգȴģǽջӻδѡأȥſա
һֱƸգδȥ¶һӽãʱӦȥ˵˵Сһ
Ϊ˳ųų棬ֶðƽ˰ռ٣˱㼱æϻϣЩ֡
ôһҲ
ֻ̾̾ǵӲãǴТģߵÿ
ԭˣТ˳
Һ㣬ڶʮˣϲ潫ķŻ˶
ˣ㰴֮ǰ̫̫Ժ˵ģµļױֳ¼һݣȥУֻǻδһȥ
еĿдúͬǲƥ±֯ͨϡ
ˣⵥӿҪ˻ȥʡ
ֻһۣ˵ֽˣֲ˶ɡ
ûʡ
⼸սŻҵ͸ѯҺǮǻؼңŮǲЩҸɾŮլ̵š
ѽԺᣱ֮඼ˣֻƵЩҾƺãȥһס
Ҳɴǰ鷿˽һӦ°ԭڷŵլȥٽЩҲ˹ȥָʱʡЩ
ѽҹԡֻ꣬齼⼸ɰۻˡ
׺ֱЦȡС˵⼸ˣǸɿɿ죿
ڱ䣬ֻ¶ֻ۾գգþûˡ
ֻ£¸ȣ鶼˼ѡ
أŤŤӣֱȥֹ֡
Цȥ⡣޽Цֱֵ֮ģԡһΡ
ŵ鰸õϺõĳ̴ľɫ壬ӳԼ
˸˸ͷܱ
֪˽֮ļ֮£Ѱżʷãگű⽫ؾְ
ĸһҲҪˣá
ʵѹ֮꣬ǰЩ岻ʣǰ¹٣ټ̫һºͳ̫ӣûʵ۸Ӷɣʼ̽ᵳӪ˽һ¡
ү׼ʱҲýҰһá
ŴͷֽϵľּСӡв鰲ᵳӪ˽̫ٳһұܡ尲һ¶Щ
ǣԺ¡
ܿǰˡ
æ֮󣬱й⣬֮ǰ˵ΪҲһݼױͷЩΣЩڼŻ⳶Щƪһ˵ĸʹ᲻Сָһ˵ԼҲʶЩˣԸΪѯ£ֱⷳʤ
ȥլӲʱ˸ţ˰ƽҲ
ֻ뵽ʲô׺
ܾòԾĳƵġָۡ
ӴΣ׺Ȼֻô졣
˿Ϊ¬ѩŨ׼Ҷ˫壬ڵУһǵзݻԼ
ԼҪô̶̼ڱҪӵһݻԼֻ뵽α죬δ˳£µЩ
Լα첻ףڼܲˮʯ
׺ŮȥĺϼһҾ˾ˣһһﲻϾҲ֪˼ҵģʱʮ򾲣ֻ˵ΪдһݻзҲɣֻһҪϾ˾˵˽ӡҪαĸӰĺôЩӣ㹻뿪ˡ
׺Сڸг󣬳˳ѱ淽Ůȷⱼģʮֿɿ
;վɻˣ񾩾ĺԼҹЪϢ䲻ʿϣʮ㹻ˡ
ãдһױţҹȥ
ȥ︮еҲдױţǲǻ
룬ȥԼױϻȡһ֧ͷǰĲʱ˾˾ĸշתĺ
ȥ ˾һϵá⽫ӹһ׺񣬡ֻ˵˻ԵĲضԣǾ˾˵ġ
˱Ůȥﻻѣȥõǣһλ໤
ⵣĲѣ˽Ůӣ·һµġ
˵ȡЩƱʹ۵ĽǵǿˣЩǣƽǡ
ūʡãӷİɣϽдƣѰð׺պһӦ£ȥѰŮ˵ǡ


16 
Щģֻס֣ӣǵܲ뿪⣿Щ¡
ܣ飬ˡֻ֣˵ЩװƽǣֵģҪǶһˣֻ˵ĸֻò˲Ըˡ
ϳ˼ŸǼ÷ˣ֮ǰ˶Ұɣֻۡ
뵽ձ̫磬ֻοԼţպٺúʰŰƽϣֻȥͨ
ǰƽ֬¥Ļ䲻ǶƯģȴһֶΣۿ¥Ưһһ꣬ʹЩֶΣ͵ҲʹõİƽΪֽ̧š
ΪⲮֻǸûɫҲûĴҹ㣬ôҲȥû뵽ĸǸֵģԿ˳۾׽ĥƫҲô㲻ˡ
Ȱͽǰͷ檣ĸЩϲֶ̨ΣֽͨǴ紩ҲܵЩӺô
һӰƽĺԺ뻨֦չòүһҲȥԺһΣӰƽǮҲԽԽࡣ
ֱѻ׽ڲү߿࣬໤Ů⹫ĸðƽֱӽ̧Ϊ檣ֱ˵Ҫϱʷ̨氲ƽһᡲޡĿԽ֮ͣ
˺һӣﷳʤԽҲլн꣬˭밲ӣ
޺޵غͨһԺվء
Űɣ¥ģܻó档
̫̫ǰϺү÷ھΪƷˡ
ɲ֪ΪΣ̫ǰ˲̫ҽκ˹У˵޷硣
ǲˣδΪھʧ䣬һƽֻܽȥΪ̫١
˹д٣λŮΪ׼ݼ̫󴩴¡
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׺λŮһ·۳Һüգڵĺլȶĥˡ
ǰߵţֱŷС˵ū˰ƽģүΪСͨ
˵ű֧С˼ǷƷԼҹ̷ģ˽ţ˿ʵˣæȥԺϷ
Ҿ˾鷿ƹˣԼ£æƹ񣬽ӹƣȷʱ֧ӣ׻ء
죡콫㣬ȥԺĸ߬ӣ֪ǳʲô¡
׺ˣŮſ첽鷿ڡ
˸ĸһǱæʣ楳˺£
ūӵŮƽĶˣҪԼŮϵĶԶү޻һ⣬ū澴ȥΪӽΧ
ԭǰڵĳȻҲ֪ԶԲѵ¡
ĸϸϸ׺һȷŮǰʱ
ʲôҾ˾һȻʮ֣û䣬۸ҵŮ
ĸһæһѣʲôʱ˻˴
ק˵鰸ǰĥī˵˵кνֻдɾѶף֣
ǣ˵зУҲɣټӸǾү˽ӡֻҪѶ׵Ļ飬˱㲻ˡ
ϸȣֽǲɣֻдҼҶɰɣԼ˷֪飬ҲӰȹһأֻ˵ֲϱɡ
ַԸС˽ɾþ˾д»顣
⵽ô£İͷˣ
ǰԶսպձʮȣ˵˲ٺͲԼ֮£ɺүһֱԲѣӵϲãӶ˵졣
׺˵˵ֵǰЩӽͱ̫̫ǰֻ˵Ҫּңɰƽϣõһ˵
˵ӣԮ
ʮգûˣ޵ĶԣƲš
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׺ϲŷЩϲɫѺöˣ˵ֻٰ£ɴá
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׺Ȼū澴ǰδôõЩĥˡ
Ůңһ·ϽϣΪˡ˽ǴһԵĶҽǰȥΣ˺ò跹ǺЪһ
ʲôˣǰݼĸףЩԡ
Ͻ׺һһ˵˵Żд֡
ɫ΢죬ֻ˵׵𣿡
Ȩ֮ưˣǻڰ񾩣Ĺ
ڶȡöԴ˵ɡ
˾˽дõĻ鴵ִֽŷװãһ뽻׺
ԭǻ﷢ԭگһɲɳݸֻøһ·͵ɾָǱϺЩڱɣϺ棬æͳĺݡ
̫ٳգɵۺźλ칬ȥ̫Ƽµ磬ڸƷݼ
ɹŮٺ߼ţ
һ·Ϸƽµ̺Ҳδġ
ΪƷ̧ͷеǰУӰƷĻ⡣
ҪٵøƷھҪˡ
˶񣬴˴ζҪôͻھбǮֳӡ
լݵᣣԼҳλСˡ
ӡСֵһż㣬ӵǳٿ
Žӹַֽ˳
żչ俴ţͷš
С˿ɻڣżֽ߬ţʡ
ӡǰ
˭Ҫʲôε֪Ǽ٣
żодŲĸԲģ׺˻ؾ˴θҪ붨ԶĻԼʵŰݡ
ӽȥҩ̹ѩǣѱƽ˸ɾСһ񣬡Ҽӵݻ۵üǣΪ⣬ѡȥҼ˽Ը
治ɫǲȥʰùѩ衣
ڳڵȴʱʱ̶̿Ѱ߬ӣֻ֪ĸЩ˼ȴ֪ǴƵķӣѩ߬סɣ
Σ鼱ҴҸߣæʡ
ɫ̼ӣѩ涼ۿˣƹֻ˵ǱǸϵҲ޶£ƹǺģ衣
ƹ˵Ҫһࡣ߬ڣǺãūǰսѩ趼Ҳûвǡ
⸧ֱֻģֳǵʱڰַլ͡
ԼҸУȫˡ


17 
ʰͣʱ˵š
ȻǲὫԼԺеģֻƫԺɴ˸ǡ
Ŵһ۷񣬿԰
ֻңңһٽ
ɴ俴üۣȴֻʶ
ЩĿɴˣվԼǰ
Ӱ
и˼߸űһˮɴһԡ
Цһⴹ£׺ϡ
֪˸֪кĿģɴƺ֪˭
ĳȻҲ󣬻Ӿ
ͷֻ˵
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Լǲĸٳ붨ԶŵĻԼòǡ
ΪΣʵ
ɴһͷŲ׿Ľ½ϣԷָˣһֱߵ԰ȥҲΡ
룬Ҳ׺ͷһͬ԰С
ƹɴ
θߴüŨǳЦֿᣬ˿ḡ֮⣬ۣҲ¡
ӿɻǵĳ˹һ𣬿ĳһ
֮ǰ˹ºԺĺɾΣһԣһˡ
Ȼ˹
աɻ󣬡㾿˭
ţԶ
⿴ǰˣʱм
㲢δԣ
ŵͷװҲǲѣµҲ֪
Ķλá͡ȥ̫֮ƣʸңźùشʷһٽλ
ⷬ˵úڣⲻ֪òҲΪ᲻ѣ˾ϹᣬҪ°װױ
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ҪƽΪѩ̧ۣӳŵӰǰҰĴ£̫ɷƽؾ
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ãҴӦ㣬һү
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ֲӲģҶܻȫ
ֱ˫ۣԵͷ
±һΪͶ˻Ե⣬ĳԹԡԴͷ֣ü΢Щʰ⡣
һΪһ񣬱˵ոǡ
翪ãʵҪæյƺ巵ȥ
˹ͱ£ʱɿ첻١
̫ʮڹдþ˾ͰЩȤţҲȤ˳ЩеϢο˼֮顣
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ֳھ֣֪Ȥ£̫ϯ˵Լɻ֮¡
ϸСӺСɾչܳɾż
λ빬õĺɺѧûƵѬķӣսڳϱӦʮֹá
̫ʮְСŮճɾ£ȥһ򸸱ֲͣɢЩֵͶٶȥ̫űּͻ飬ͺӶˡ
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̫ۿ£ƽҼǵãߴй֮
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̫Ⱥүʱ붨Զ»ԼԽ֮ͨá
ֶԶսպգȴ˻Բѣе޷ֶŮ檶̫һԵھ
¬Ϸ˵⣬ŵĿ˰ס̫ٵͷϣֲŮοΪ̫󲻿أ
ǰЩӲ˵¬ӧȨƹأȥùͷʲô
̧ͷűϵ̫²ѯϸ飬¿ּϷҲø磬Լͷظûͷˡ
¬Ϸ˶̫ؽ»򡢹¬˷֮ޣ밲ƽЩ˽ȴδ˵ӻһ׮£˿ĪŪˣС
亹ˣֻ׼˺üյ˵һ˵һ㣺λϺүʱʱԶԶֻ߽ɳףֻǡ
ͷ°¶֪̫ͬһСŮ
һ˵ǻŮǶһλΪߵὫһλˮĳˣۻһ಻֪Ĺʮۡ
ԭֻ֪Զȴ֪һԵѵ컯Ūˡ
λֻ˵Եδ˵𡣡
̫룬ڵʱ̫ҽȥԶ̷ǶԶˣɻʱӰ仨ڰɡ
ԭǶƷھãƷ̫°ʾͣϻ䡣
ھ


18 
¬ϷҲ޿κΣԽ̫ȥ
ڼú̫ӸǱӡһʽݣ˵ձȥ
檴Ҿ죬л̫ȶϴʱҲʲôˣϲ°ݣڳ˿һ顣
ܷúΪӳıˡ
̫գԼҳŨҵЦ⣬̧°ͻظȥ
䶼жֱֱȥԺ˵ձԵھ¸֮գǶĺӾҪˡ
ĸŮϲأͷ˱
ϸȥϲɫʢðһˡ
סӶ߽ŴؽԺͶӰҪģǧסˡ
׺˳ҹɫ˰񾩣ǽɾ˻ȥֳŽӼְ̯ظ
Сδȥѽ
תһб֪鷳ǰǿΧ²ˡ
䱾˼г̵ذ׻ǿЯġ
Ӱȡ˶̵֣֪ļҵĺúﻹЩǮλԾƣиΣ
ΧЦ谵źˡ
Ϊ˵ֵܽտɲΪ˺ȾģСǲƽƤ⣬Թһ˰ɡ
𣿡ӽ׺м䣬ȡǵ²ǵĺƤ
ǿ˼Ųãһ붯
⼸֣ġ
ҲʦֵһʱԲſֱһ£ȭȭбˡ
СǵЩǣȽ
˱Χȥһ߿ˣ鷳Ҳ˲òɱһ׮ˣ
̵ֱֱֶΧһ˵ıѪųһȥ̵׺һϾɳԯм羱ʱж
ΧлͭǮ֮ˣ˱ݾտڸס˴˴Ĵ졣
磡ǣʹ룡
ʲôŮԾ˲üֻ첽뿪˴
أƿ֮뱻һնڵء
ʲʲôˣǼǿ˾֣ԭиڴˣǾ˿֪
Ǻ˽߬Ϊǿ˵ĲذݹأһöҩС
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ȡȿȡʱίأָԼҺ뽫ҩŻҳʲô
ƽдѽȴݳϷϵĽһ㣬Σ

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ˣԭ㣡׺ϣݻƶǲֿɵõ
ǺֶŮһŴݣ˵˵ɣǳ񾩣ʲôȥˣ
Ҳ²£ǷңΪԼȱɡ
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÷񣿡Ц⣬׳ȥ
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ô⼸СӶƲסϳȥɱˣֱ˽ȥ
ңĿƣǴŮǴǵģϷ嶼֪㰲ƽŮû죬Ϊܵʲô𣿡
žԭŮľͷԼˣֶӲܣ׺
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Цֱŷ
ĺϳӡ૶ţԸãײơԭǻ鰡
ӵǴֻϧ䵽ҵ˦˦飬սԼС
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ϣҹ֮ʱͷȴ
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˽ԺС˻Ժ֮ͨͨס죬ؽ˷С
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Ͻűˣʲô
ֻЦ׵أûҡ롯
Ҷĸףһ£ȴкƣһ˲
˵ʲôĸҹȻҪ˵ѽ
ǽҺú˵ȥԺţЩͷ˶䡣
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ǰͷλ°ͣƲһ㡣
ϱҫֻ࣬뿪ֱϡ
ĸǳһҹԺдɱɱʵڲǲΪ
ϽϣŴǰһЦջǰˣ磬ǲ֪ҶָҪ˵С𣿡
ŮΪϵƣԼ࣬޲ýֱ̨ͱȴקסڡ
Ȼǲ֪˭뵽Увĸк׾֮ˡ
ˣϱԼŮӵţСһͬԺУϴǻŴš
Ů£ĸۿϣ˶ˣĸҲýϷȥ˰ɡ
Ϻ޺һЦ˵ĸտ̫£Ϊһ׮û¡
һ磬ͻھܵʱɺúúױּǰ
ˣҪллˡ
֪ҪθлĸźãЦʮֵ⡣
Ŷ֪ļҵɾֵòĸȥ󡣡ĸ׵ļʾ𼱡


19 
ϷһЦ
˭ȻǹѫĶԶˣ޹ȥǵҵĺˣûйҪ̷Ҳţ˵䲻ģүҲǲźġ԰ѳּҵõĻ£ڵĹŮ۶ˡ
㣡ػϷǰ䷢ģҵ֪ˣôͲܷŹָο
ССǰҲǿģ󺰣㲻Ҳĸǻˣ۸ĸ׺ͽ㣡Ҳ⣡ȥ!
˵űҪȥײϣæסڻС
Զ򸮼Ҵҵʹ͸ʤʱ˺ˣɲҪĸǡϲǣһһСֻ˦ӣ·ѾɽɽԼڴ
СĸԭֹļҲԶ򸮵Ҳơ
ЦĸǺƣлԼĸµһ̫𣿡
Լ˵𣿡ϴǰһżչĺϳΣҵѼڣеá
׺ôˣˮֱֱǰЩ¡
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ק׺λӣֽǰ
ССҲδмѪ£Ŵ߼˼
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˵űѻڵϣۿһǡ
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Ϻ޺ţˣĸҲƽЩֻչԹԳּǡ
ȥأ
ԺѱΧסֻӬҲɲȥĸ׵Ҫ벻Ҫȫȥ벻ȥ֣нһֻ״ƿӡ
ƿϤβõѩ衣
ʵ̲סūһֱΪˣôݶģǷ˵Բס㣬Ҫƣ
Ƿ˼޽δĸĥܾɩӵô꣬˵ЩʲôҪЩʲôǷ˴δǺޣѵ𣿡Էθֱָϡ
̫ҼӣֲǴϼģҪ㴦мӣలҲϷ˺໤类輸ٻˣӡ
ˣŵһ£˫Ŀ죬̫ΣʦΣƾʲôٰ̫̫ƫģҿǳϱǵĸ
ɩ񻹳һɩԼУ̫̫ʱƫģϵײδȬЩ飬ǲȥ
Ц嶨˳Ϣޣأү޳ţҵĴ𣿡
ҵҪȶԶĸ֣˭ޡ
ƺЩǰ£Щˣߡ
Щ軳С
ȵȡ⺰סϣһѣȴ統Ů
ȥѩҲ¡
ʹ𣿡ϲһƳ
Ҵ˴˻ĺݣ˶֪ģҹԺûţѵ𣿡ֻϡ
Լѱ
ҴʱȷʵסңҾĸǺӶҵŮֻȥһţĸԲɣ
ֻһŮ
ĸŮ٣ϲöŮԱʿ壬ǵΪǣþĸˣøȥĺݳԿࣿ־ĸֻ˵Ҳǣ
ǲĸִԲԺγϣīɢйھҿɾҪú˵˵ˡ

ӣɰ
ǰһݵý
ֻȭͷĿðǱɣ飡ȥ
ֽдƿ׹ȥȽס
ѩʵȱ˲ٸ
ĸ߰ɣȻҵӿɲ
û뵽µܱһҺﻹ˺УǲԸּǱ㲡˰ɣ
ֻ¼̷Ů裬඼˴ضŵ³޺һһ
Ķأ϶ȥǱһˡһԸ裬첽ԺЪ
л˵
칤ϱȽæŴģĺָո


20 
иϺ׺񶼲鿴ȷ޴󰭺ֿҩӼҩ˰Σƣطֻú˯£ټӹԼ
ĶǸ˵ģֽżӯֻݶƬ´һ̡
˯ϴˡ
ˣڼǵҪھأū㰸ȥǰաһϲɫҴҽͨ
ҹֻ˯һʱױֻͣ㲣ú֬Ҳڲס
ΪԼһ㱡ۣЦһ߰ɣȥھ
ǰھڼֻŮӭڹֵ֪Ϸˡ˺ںδ̫ھΪβӭ
̹ˡǼҾ첻ӭǶڲлʵáɫֻ̼ڼ
Ծò죬⸮һ²ҲҲ뵽̫ǰϷ˱˲ҲǸģٿһݣġ
ȥԶھƽģȴû뵽˶͵һҲ
һӲ
ڼֿڵԭˣұȥԺա
ãͶйˡΪڼ·ȥϷԺи谸̫ھһ顣
֮֮࣬⣬֮ʱðھڷ
Ϸ˲л磬ֻʹͣ㺬л̫͡
ڼϷл˵ЩϷ˱֮ĻȥԺС
ҹҺ۽Ա˴ɨɾˣţֻЩɹȥԼװϣ˹涼ϰ˯ڼ಻Ϻǰ飬Žھϡ
ɤӣûĲ¡
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أۣؿھεζоʹת飬Ųʾھϡ
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㡭ʲôɤɬ벻Ƶġ
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ȴ¶죬·ԩƵģ˵ʲôĸ㲡ˣĲѣ£й˲δҪúýĪҪ²ǡ
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жһӣ߿ڣҲܺˣȥԶҪúźɾʱؼҿǲ
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ˣ˵һҪݼС̧ۣ¬˵죬Ҳ죬ʲôģǧǲǡ

ϽյһңŵǴŮˡ
¬Ϸ鸮˵˴£ѩŨɱƽȥϺݺݳһͣȥ⡣
ϷȰסѩŨڼаĴţԼͶϱȥһ˱ǣָϣûؼ
Ӳ϶λ¬ҷˣ˵⡣
أ¬˿ڣҲŮ衣
ˣЪءޱ飬ֹǣ֪λˣյкιɣ
ˣҵôԹԽ̫ھԭ֣ΪԼЩ£ҲŮˣⱨӦ𣿡
¬˵ֱֱȥʱҲϵĺƤӣ֪Щʲô촰˵
¬ǣ¬֦Ҷï֦ƷζﶮЩǳ˼ҡ
ĨŨ޵ĺ죬Ŀ
Ϊ㣬ô֦Ҷïȥ˵ָŴ󻧣ǿŮΪ𣿽յ˵ˡ
ʮֽϴ֮ڰڣֻмĶ
ڼԶ٣ֿڡ
ҵδĿ˶ǳĲˣ¬Ϸտ˿ڣҴ壬֮ܶ೯˥Ϊֻǿ
һףȥһ𣿡
ҲգǲҲģţ١
ָ߬ģ˵Լ˦ӣĵ
ͿͣԺˣˣū˵Զˣ


21 
ʲôû
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ϷżпӹȥԭǶԶˣǲ̫ҽҩȥء
ŮɫԣСˣҿλķǣΪԼҷĹ̻ͣﲻ֪롣
¬λ˽һֻ³̬
ң£ૣˣôˣ
ոµĶھչûУˣ
ԭţȶԶһѱܶĻڣѵԽԽ磬ȻҲܸõԶӡ
ⲻǺΪλ˲İ
ٵʮգ£¶ˣ
̷ĸһĸȻûðԼŮȥʱԼĶһѣô͡ô͡
ֻҪʮհ
궼ˣͲ⼸ӱܳˣ
רĺҲ䲻¶ͷˣ
ģģ
ǰ󷢺ڣԴͷƱϳ˽ڣۿҪΡ
ҲţæסϣĪǰ
ô˵Զˣǲģ
δ½ţżɤְŮǵȰοһӿ
λ¬ķˣ־ʧǣæøʮҹģ
λ¬ҷһºģֻǳЦŵͷһʧǵӣ͸ȷ贫ţżĸףеæˡ
Ǳ˵ղˣҲûȥģֻȥ
¼Զڱﲻסô£㲻˵ԶѲôˣ±ҵġ
Զǰ񾩹еĴӢۣǶھҲҵģҪĳɻˣ
˵仰ѽ˵ΪҺòס
϶߿߶ܼˣΪҪԺȣôأԼĻԼ˰ĻŻװױǸ
Ҳˣ˵˻⻹ͷ˵úúõģӼ޹ȥҲ޷˭֪¾ֱ˼ŭˣԼֵʲô˵ϻعҪطˣ
ϱ޽ӣŮҲҲ󣬻һȺ룬з¬ϷйǰЦݣŻһѪ˹ȥ
¬λĿ޺죬Щ⣬ֱȥԺ̽
ױ̨ǰΪױ
ǲδ̣ʰͣⰲƽ
Ǳˣһˮ
ģ˪ȥˡοǣ׺Ҳѩչˣ˵δȣֻúÿĥƵ˱ǡ
Ժֻʣ⼸Ůˡ
̧ۣűȥǵڰϵĶھ
ҪòĸӦãҹŮǺ׺͹֤أҪס
δػ졣
¬ǽޣ첽ߵǰ
ͷܵ͸ǰֱ¬ҴӸȥ
һ¬Ϸˣлĸôģ
úӣԹ˲Ͼܵõǡ¬Ϸ˰ظ޷۵ýϣҲûܻס㣬ʵǡ
Ϸ˵ﻰ̫磬αΪҿ̫ʵǲá
ƽպᣬµϷ˻кۿ
¬лᣬģǷȥްֻЪϢһǣھҲ£ʱֻ˵ǶԶʱ˳ɻ飬ҲˣǻҲûǿȳӳɻĵֻ̫ǴͰʹڣҪһɻ顣
ͷǰԸĸ׵ܵģǰ۷¶ЦģյλûѪԵĳп˳¬ѡ
ȺϼһϷĲˣǡ¬Ϸ̽ſڡ
ĲˣէէůĸһӺ˷纮
Ǵ»ǵϷ˿ٸ
ҵˣڶǱ˵ǶԶѾˡ¬ϷЦЦ˱Ǻ˵ԶôãЩ̸һ̸ǣ֮ˣ㲻õǲĸϽơ
Ȼ֪ѣֻͷӦ͡
λţδģǵǼֻò伫ˡ
Ѿˣ컯øҲδ֪
ϸҵͷ˵Ҳҡ¬ŴЦüֻ꣬㲻òˣǡ
ܷлĸҴţ̧һ˫ʵ׺ȥĺݣҾĸΪдһݻ飬Ҫھֻһ鱻ˣҲˡ
ֻ´Ը߾ĸҲΪģҲñֲΪµ˻¡
һԵСϻȡͽʣһǻ¬ˣ˺
ǴĺӣֻǵֲǸ˶ֶΡ¬˼˱³ţ⼸պúñӣԺҸ͸׵֮²زģ˼գԭα¶
лϷˣлĸʱԸշҡʮָмæд
¬æ£ùд˴񣬹ȥ¶ȥˣ˳ġ
䣬˵ϳŲ壬λ͸ˣⱻ¬˴ߡ
ձѣһŨŨĲڻմѪֽǿ
λˣʲôδ׼ҹ䣡˵ߴʵûʲô
Ҳ׳˵ŭȣɤڷ˰Ϳͣ
ɵײԼˣǸ߹ھ͸ţֻǰλ뿪Ҷ֡
¬ۿŲֻߵ迪˿ڣ˿ǿ彡۰Լģ˻װࡣ
ЪϢǧġ¬ϷҴñӣȰͷ
˵Цſһۣ˻עΪҪ˵󸮶ӲձҪ֮ӳɻ飬һź£ʵڿϲɺأӣǽŮ޶ðģ
ѺˣһԼĻ£¶ߺޣ߬
ĪҪǺŮСǧٳݹأҷҲǼõģĵؿݣȰ֣ʲôԷҲΪģİա¬Ϸ˸˸䣬Цſݵ
־ǰڣ亹㡢ʲô
ǲҪ¶ҪŸ߼޵Ļ£
¬Ϸ˲Ե͸ǷƽˣϱʩʩȻ뿪ˡ
¬ĸ͸ǰ㣬Ц˻ǿЩȥΰգԲ˵ͷѪŪԺݣʵ˷Щ
㡢㡭º޼ˣҲ¬͸˴
ҡҡ׹ûҲ˵ֻܷͷᣬ§ţһȺ˵ײײ˶


22 
֮̽С
ǰ֪ǲĸھЮôЩϲֶ̨Σ˲ٿ
ﻹŨҩζ̵ҩģ̫ҽΪڴɫ԰ףݣȷʵǴһģ
ү֮ǰʸִϵ䣬дѪ¿ѪǴ֮డ̫ҽźЦ
үϻһ꣬ÿרΪү磬Ҳ˿ؽڼƾ֮ǰ㽩ӲԺүǣزձµ߶ˡ
һڼϲЦտ̾үи֮˰ƽĮĴӢۣү֡
̫ոմԵھºүˣͻдƵģˣ֪öء
˶ϲɫ޶Զճɾʵ˼ѻ
Եھװ֪ɤʡ
ڼЦЦŽ½չ
ʱүδѣز֪̫Ͷϣʮָп¶䣬ɻʱöƷھĹڷױء
˴ǣ㲣ڳԸϲ
̫ھֻ˵ɻʱĶ䣬δ˵һҪɻ飬Ҳ֪֪֪¡ǰѵǻİҪЮŵóɻ飬¶ҪĸԸ
л̫£ֻӣá
үﻰǰ¶ƪˣӣ᲻Ӻͺڼ빬˶ͣ̾ĺԵ֡
л䣬ʹ֮ͣˡ
ڼүǫˣүǹ֮Ϊˣ°ϧţү֮󣬱»Ҫʹء
лڼ̫ҽ״ûعϺػ
Ӽҿ˶ԶҪعȥˣүúýӲǡ
½͸λ̳ţԼҪϡһӣȥ
»δܴӲ½˻Щæ
ڷм䶼ˣ̫ͷմ¶ھͷһĶԶˣ˭˵Ե
ٷ˶˴Եʣ˱ɻдתĥճɾ̶Ůɿˮͷֱ˹
̫ĪŮգһڶԶˣ
أ檼ǰУҵʲô¶أԭǲڣñܼ޸ɾ
Ҳ֪ԶӻڶںʱˣʱҪлء
ҲЩµǽڵĵһһֱ̫˵üЦѡ
ʲôͨӦ촹̿˰װŰˡ
̫Ҳϲȥǰ˼龭ġ
ţȴһδš
˵ŰƽŶԶѺ󣬾ȻѪ˹ȥһüգ˰ڵп
˵ϲҲû˵˭ܸ˵Ѫŭ޼ʱ³Ѫⰲƽ̫ǰȰᣬôԶĺ£ּŭأ
Ī飬̫ա
ҶԶˣҲ߶ɺ
ȻҲĶУԭ̫ǰһҲǲ˺ǶԶѺڰڷһأȢҵĶ¸ҲǼõġ
ȴѪһڡ
ȥ̽ϣʵ̽顣
æŴװֲۣ֬Եɫ˲١
лػСҪͶǲءλ׵ׯڰߡ
ȷʵ񷻼䴫ǰ˵˲ٺûЩ̲ҩģϽ͡
ԭЩ¶ԶҲˣСӵļױһﱸµæ˻𣬱ϳЩѪѡЦЦһӺ˵ģ
أǷ˲ЩѪľͱодǸģҪǿɶ֪ءҲǻϵȵ
Ƕ󷽣ֶŮļױҲԲٳ𣿡
Ҳ̧ۿ˿裬̾ҲӦһѡ
ǣ޹һȰҪӣ㹪ˡ
׷˳ȥϽλ˵Щû
Ӧû˰գģֲӰ¶Ļ¡
Ϊжλϴۣ֬ûü£Ů
ˣ˲ˣӴˣȥ͸ԺӣѴˣ
ǡʱ̶ù
ӰƽѰ˻ȥֵ¬ס
л˵
Ů˲
ϣù𣿣Ϸ


23 
Σۣ̫ҽ԰ɫ԰ף
½Գɣصµûóнˡ
һЦȷƵŮӡ
¬иΣ̲Ż˻ֿҩʩ඾
Ѻ˵һ£ټơλӺ׺飬³ɺһպϵ֤
һã˪ѩ¬µ͸һ·˹Ѻ۵Ժǰ
ӣܽ˷ˣЩūЩҪȥӶҺˣ
ֵµʹţû˴ӰƽǶ֣⼸ӱԵֻֿǲȥš
ۣ۸ͷϣĪҪ̫ʮ㣬һѽӳ
ǰЩӱԼ£δ϶֣²ˣôˬôǣ
СӣӼˣ˺飬һ߿ֽ¬͸סԿ
ԺӱסԺļҲŰæȴ˴󺰡
ӣ𣡡
ӵ
ǣǻȥ
䣬ңλ˿
ŮǰձסģڱסҲ˰ģǼ½ԺʣСˣȡס⼸ˡ
ԭ⼸նһֻһٷǺϼƹһʡһЩŮǣ˱ܴȥ
ϴʱѲٹˣ⼸һֱӣδȫֳ⵵¶Ǵߣ´У¶Ļ£һһɣ
͸ǶԺţ˶ڣƽǵͻȥˣֻܴԼԺеӺͼҶҲסˡ
ε֮࣬˿󣺡ǲĸԣĪҪִˣĸ㣬òã
ĸЩ͸ˣȥĹӿɺã
ھҲˣԶҲˣôǺԵأĸΪð
ÿ˦ӱҪȥȴ§ס첲
ˮ֮ˣȹ
Ůæ˺Լҹ
ϾҪˣҵĴҪǣĻ¡
ֻΪԼ˵ʲôΪҺãûĽ˶ģ
˸첲ˡ
ͷּҡ
ҲصȲˣֻĸһǡ
ŭģպźת¬˰ҩϺ£ٽͷϺ棬㽫ȥַլӡ
͸Ǹռ֮ǰʰõ˰ƽš
ȥϷԺ棬̫̫պҩ㷿˵ȥֻϷӺ档
㷿ֵһ⸮ԺǽǰյĶϷԺҲֻǶӼױᶯȴ֪Ǵ¡
ҲⲮҲ֪ôģԭΪ˼û뵽䱾о
ˣŰ׵ܰȥ
㷿Ҳ֪ǺãҲӵֻõϷ档
ⰲƽǰĳ͸ˣֲţǽʹȫϣҪּҰ
ϳǲ˺ӣǸյ˶ھôأ
ֻ򵥼񣬱ǳȥ
ˣ
ֻ˳ͷ㣬ͳһǳܽһƬ߶ʮ˳ۡ
լ඼뱸ǲ˴ţ͸ŴΣӭӰƽҡ
ð׵ȥ٣Լ͸ǲ
ԺԽƤ㻨Ѭˣð׵ܺúЪϢʣԼǣֻ䣬Ȱйá
ԺÿԺţ޵
ֲ˿деĺģأ̺ͷľɫ
ߴͷˮһСأиˮķͤͤܽźĻƵֽСɣҹ˴;ˮܽнҲһ
һ̫ʯɽһ¼ǽ紩Ҷʤʱ
ͼʯȥҶǧ١
ǧҲãۼ⣬һ۱ƼںԺܺǧںĻš
ƺļȫˣ֮ǰʰ޻ݵĽʮģҩպľأպ÷ʱϡ
ȵ죬Ҹǳԣ
һԺӵŮǸ¶ϲլضиء
׺δȫʰϸ˵ȶһͬݡ
ӣȥͤգʰǡԼСӳţŻңָǹʡ
ʧЦȹȥԼԺй䡣
ͷеοջǽǽһǾޱп⴦ɫ
ϴοòϸԺسһյأڻǽ֮ʯ̵ƽƽ룬ԺͶӵġ
ҲܲС廨棬С
ˣǧΣӻء
Զʱ
̽ġϲġ˵Զݵġǰģһ뽫Ŷµʵʵöûֹ
˱ΪԶӴͥ䣬ֻʣտǣ˭֪Ż졣
ʹͲϣֵ̫ھ˻ڲδԼŮ㶨£󲻹ЩӰˡֻϧ밲ƽлԼּţҲӦõĸ
ŴĹֻܼ˵ү޹»ЩһŲա˹ʹ׾죬һء
ΣͭҲףʽⲡݿɻ档
½ɳƴɱ֪߽̫ƽ󣬻ؾҪս
ҿͷʮʮ񡣡
չоزֻװɫϣǼҵСӣ޽ᵳӪ˽˼
ЦֻҲóˣ
ǰЩӱ岻ʣĵӡ
岻ʣŴǰû¿ȸ֪׵úò̽һ岻ʵԵɡ
ү̫ҽΪʩ룬ٹ£Ҫ빬лˡ½֪ԼҺүµ˭ӦԴΪزǡ
ţѷָҲ֪ھôԼǰ˻Ҳѽο¶ͬһٽˡ
ֶžаһ԰ƣ̬һĵĳݣôԼӼ˸ϧһЩأ
л˵
գƣ˭̴Ҳ


24 
֮ǰǲʰ룬죬㽫׵
ⶨ¥ϯ棬ԣ¼ףһָ͸Ƿʹ֣ͣͬǸϲлԼСӡ
ĸʲôǨӾϯвشּ֮£ʱҲֻƽֻ֪¬ŮС۱ǣҲǴл¬Ұ֮
֣һ˰Ϊʵڡ
ϸϸѡԼԺֵĸɫʻ²һ幩ͼ²ȥ¬һ˵Լĸ׵ѾָǴлһλ¬˵
Щȥͬ˼ң˴ŻպҲദ
УԶԶڶԶǰ
ͻǲأ
˵ԼСүлԼҶǹʽԼȨ֮ƣ⵽׸ñӻǴ󷽷ţ񣬱ƽɼǰͷһ㣬ô붼ܡ
üʮֽгţԶŷۼ⣬ǲ˽ȥͨˡ
½ϵæ첽ǰλСӣʲô𣿡
գգۣǼҷǰ°ǰͷլӣǲҸַЩҲ·
ϣ½ֻ֪
תתֻ˵Ҽҷ졣
лˣԻתү½ЦŽӹУ˸
Ҳ֪˶Իǲԣһʱ벻ף£ֻûظԼȥˡ
Դ˵ûʲôνޱ˼ǡ
ͷУ򿪣ƵѬ㡣
ζϤˣǰڻϸϸĥϣ۵ͣɹⳡĿŰҹʹȴܸΣΪ˯Ƶ㡣
ֻϣӿЩȥлȥˡ
լգѩŨļˣܳ棬ǸӣĹԼӡ
ϯ湲ʮ˵Ĵ硢β¿ɿڣ
ϯ䶼ŮͣСһλССɾȻ˵ԼҶŮһЩ
ѩŨĳʹɫʱǰ͵͵ϯȥ棬뵽˼ϯȥĵǱסˣֻһС˵
ҪȥӣҿǴ㡣ѩŨֱЦһԾѡ
ãҲжأΪģһ´Цʣˣˣ
ѩŨ̱죬СţûôÿܾĴ̫á
͵͵̧ۿ˿ĸףδԼ˵ҽ͵͵ˣҲϼ롣
þյڴЦ˵õģ㲹벻ѽ
ǡһ̽Ҳã©룬˵ҲϸĲŻίίѾˡ
ģʵڿͷһҲ֪¬ôסѩŨˮĥԼ塣
ãҴһ㡣Цʢһңġ
λСһһڣŹɿɰֻʮϲ
գʦŪңλ̸裬СҪЪΣѩŨȥԼ
׺ˮλӾ棬ˡ
̽ͷڲɴѩŨűɵһ鿴
㿴ˡȡɫѩŨϸϸָ㣬˲ɫ
˰ͷѩŨصһ͸ӳһƬʹһ԰Ժĸɫʻǲ廨档
һҲ©룬ֱ̾գôҾѧء
ѧᣬǲѧڴЦţȻѩŨŮ֮һҪԸѧ϶øá
ѰһϻݸѩŨױһȥȻˣȸա
Լ·۲ɴˮףƣߣˮһͷ˫˫𣬱鶯ˡ
⡭Ҳ̫ÿˣѩŨĸ첲̲סҡΣôƳĶƯԴôġ
˵űķգЦţ˯ˡ
λСһ˯¬Ѱ׺⣬Ҳͨ
¬˼ҡҡͷŮʰöٻѩŨᣬֻüۺ
ȵˣ۵ʱˣⲻЩ̾ԶǺͯöá
˵ˣǵԵھ
̫ʹȻҷţϻУͷһۣӼȡ
ӵھղδϸɫʶϻչֻʮİ
š
ָⴥ֣нֳüۡ
ԶǸˣǱӢֻۣԼòԸҲԴ˵ִ
Ͼδʱȶ仯ҲԸäƼޡ
ЩӶԶǰҲɢˣֻǲ֪װļƻһŻٵһʱգȥļģ
պöھ⼸æʰլӣձׯӰա
̫ƶ˼ҹĽʿܶʦī֮к󲻽ʦһ黭ӱˡ
黭µȱ⣬ʡڼعʿ˰񾩣ҲмҾƶģڴճ̲ƿƽʡԼãֽīҲʡ
ţ̫һ㣬Լ黭鰸
ƶʿг¼鼮ĶҲɽ¼鼮ʿֻ˳ԣЩֻȻ๺ҲǰЩǮϵСæ
ñȹӣƽӭ¥ϲҡ
ңƹǰ񣬡ҿЩûˡ
һֱ鲻գӹϸˣƹҲ
ƹǽݹʿǰϦֺӣ᲻ʣҲٲܵüգ;٣һֻѰ
ججɾ¡ȥԺӣԼӳªֻԸϵ黭ƹҲ㱨顣
ѧӶ֪ƹ覣ѧ峵Ϊ˺Ƕлéٿ
ȥϱֽ߽ãѧԴ˲£ɽʡǮƹţǵֽֽƷǳ˻ڳɱϸʡһЩ
ֽֽҪϲ٣ܾô棬Ҫ˵
ƹͷʾˡ
ǰЩֽ࣬ڿģһɴᡶˣ¶ŷ档
ΰûУ˶ܵǰûƲ鿴ǽľֽܵţձ˵ģǰùޡƹԭֻ֪Ǻͷȴû뵽ˮʵ̫࣬Ҳೱ
Ǳã˲ֵڼһЩǩͷɻЩǸԶ󸹬۹СҲͼ
ãƵһãһǩʲôǮѧǾźãŰ˵ҲṺһдһٶð
ͷжи̸ۣҪעִ磬Ļӿڳ
ֺϼƹ⣬ƹš
С
⻹һ񣬱ȥԼҳ̿
ңλԱ׷ȥ
л˵


25 
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ͷֻ𣺡, λɾ£
λʱԼī, ЩȻһͻˣƹ˵鰸Ƕҵ⣬лӡ
ɾض񡣡, ƹ˱ס˫
罫ñһ, ٿֻͷʹ, Ըֽī, ҳ̽պرӶ¡
ҵ¶֣ȴܣЩֽīɾһ֮, Ǳٺòˡ
ǳȥԼҳӡ
ƹӾӪֻ⼸Բڵţһˡ
Ϊ˲˴ţһ, , ղҲҪŸ֪ġ
˼Ƭ̣˽ŴӲƣֻﲼã
, Ҳ, ûʲôü, ȥͷԺ￴, ˣֻ˵ߴ·ǵﶼЩŮӣ뻹ǡ
ӲصģԻǲƹӵģظš
ƽԺϷӴˣ㷿Ժɢ
ţ˵ѷָӵ¡
ͻȻˣϷʮֲ죬ϴβǺúõģ˵ôȹ˶磬־Ӻδ

ֹ˼Ϸ˵ӣֻϷ˻£ٽϽԵھ͸̺֮һһʮгűƵ˴ϸæ¡
ϷţһΡ
ԭΪ֪ˣҲʹ֣ȴû뵽ı׾֮£
ȥȥǶҽϷЩ֧Ųס֧ŶǣЩϡ
Ϸˣǧ尡æϷ˸ʮֵǣԥսС˵һ˶ڸУ
Ҳأ
ϼʹЩֶΡЩǿˣвûʲôѪ飬ôͲܶԸһλϸأԺﶼЩѾͷһס
Ѿˣ⿤˵ھҲԶ벡ʹԺУȻҲס˰ġ
󲻹ʹӲãʹҲûʲôϡġ
Ϸ˫ۻǣ͸ãϸ룬ϼʹЩֶΣԼӿ϶Ҳ֪İɣ˵һ
ȨƸϡ
ԼŮԶޱ߽Ӳ֪٣ֻʣһĶӡֻ㱯
»ӳ飬ַ£ϷˣӲ٣Ǳ߹ܱȸи̹Щ
ͷһ˯ˡ
үˣи֮ˣÿڼ̽һΣÿűλҷţϰߡ
һָ࣬Ѹ٣ÿʩҩ̫ҽҲǹûܵòʹء
۷ɫ㲣ǿһЦǱ¶£Ӻú󼴿̱ȥлҲй̽
ѽﵣͶ֣մúү˲ңүӳɻ飬һϲƺءϲʤæ˷ñֽ´͵ҩһһ£ǻعȥˡ
ЩҪҪðŮļױһ˿ҲѰãҲû˼ȥԵ¡
߱ˣôھ£ҲԼŮĻ£󲻵ø˰գֻװմһǼٵġ
ԺͨǱһ֡
ǰЩţ֪ԼĸһΪֶŮûɲŲģմһҶƣҲЩ顣
ʹðƽԼǮֶΣԺＸλһ档
ԺѾͷ˵տɶѪģŮ͵涪ˡһ¶ʮ
һλͨƣֵҲĺݣԼҵֶŮҲµȥ֡
һ룬׾ˣοЩҡ
ҹ͵͵ˣϴѪǱϽԺģԺеŮһλüЩ¡
类̧ʧ˽ɫȴϴδйһǻ飬ƽҲ̸Щ֪Ļ
֪ƽҲ֪£·ԼĶҲҪۡ
ƲɲѪģ񾩶ˣھԶˣ㣬ֽƵġ
λЦ
ʯͷԼĽš
Ƶÿģֺڣĺ¶ռˡ
˵ƽںԺв߶Ҳֻбϵ̷ˮʱһΣˮ˶ξ˴˺Сɾ˸˲òࡣ
ϿӣԶг㣬ΪԼŮı㣬ȴӲ¶ҲҪԺŮǰ;һͬˣǶϼϣϣҹ
ͬЩġ
ô˵ģ˼ֳүȻҲ֪顣ֻҪϵ֤ȥʷ̨Ͷ״ֽ֮ԼΪ檲Ҫ
ǰЩ롭
¿ⷨӲУǵûΪԼúôһܱҹĸۡ
ֻϣЩȥµ״ֽҲøЩʱı㡣
ԺУôܽӴأ
Զܽлˣ
мǿźŴʱӣǰһԵŶ޳ٳɼѻ
غֱţ̻ɲ̧巵ȴ֮ܣֻ˵ԽԼһһߵ巵ǰ
ʵ˵ܲҡͷʵФ丸
ۿݵΣǺ黬䣬
Ųμ¡
𡣡
æ˫ʵһͬ
˴ο콫Ǳӣҳһ󽫡ʵ۴ţǰս緢ģྶͥ·һ綼ܴõƵġ
ҾлҵҶ¾ˣ̫ҽϣܼһ
ĮЩ壬ǵǵͲݳиҳսҲͨóʵ˵ս֮£Ƿ֮˽ΪҶɴսɳ޶ᱣѪ
лʥãԱ¡
ɫԳأֿڵ߽ʿʬԻ磬ҾѵøԪڼһοӢꡣ
ʵ۳̾һͷӦˣʱʰɡ
ּ
仹úýӣ˴գҪ²źáʵοЦЦŵļͷӵĻ£Ҫ޶С
̾һϰƽҲһôӱƽӹвȴ֪٣һ̾ڸУŵδңû˵ڡ
Ϸ·Щֻͷǡ
ձ㲻ȥ̫лˣɻ飬޶һͬǰǡ
ʵ̧֣ڼһּ⡣
ӺˣȥͳһְΪפػʳǡ
ּ
Ҿлʥ
ȥǳ˲ŰգӲʣԺеʱС
ʵٴ۷ӡ֮࣬ڼϲ
巵ڿŲԶȥ̾˿⽫ؾ챱ĿãֻϣִԲˡ
ڼҲöԴ˵ı֮£ֻο˵·ģ¶࣬;֪
⵹֮ϲ
ŻԼʥּ
¶԰˴ģӣĹøĸҲؾˣذƽҪһذա
Ժȥ츮ݰЩȲ
ǡ½ǰؾͱˣԼҺүͷء
л˵
Ԥղѽ³İ£
游˵ӦռɣȰԶΪһ
嵵ͷΪ
ɻʵͷи¹⡣
ΪϹ䱦Ӳ졣
¹˼У˲ƲԸãɲѱС󹬴󳼶Դ˶΢ʡ
˼ϸ壬γЩ˵չҪġ
ûΣû˾ȥҸݸҪΪӣ㶫Ҳò𣿡
ϳˮǨ߱ǣʡǮ޵̡
嵲⣬ΪȺҪĻʵۡ
⹬άϵǰ󹬡Ӧ;ȸҰͷʵҲ뵱ˡ
ţ뻻˭չ˵㡣
ʵۣչѳ
Ǽã
ʵۣչݳ޶ȣѲȡ֣
߹ؽʿĻ£λζá
ʵۣչᷪͼı
λ󳼣صǶˣҲôġ
-
սպգ˶ΪλѵҪٽһĳǻƵˡ
ȴǰֹ˲һλµ׵ۡ
ö¾ɽΣϸֳЦ⡣
ֻ³Ƴˡ
֬һ糺ɴУһ㣬̤߬ʺؿڣ㱻ҳӣүҲĸԸ𣿡
⣺֮¡


26 
밢һͬԼʽ, ʲôźá
ϵӣŮһͬˡ
ӣϵ˰, ˵ǶԶġ׺񽫰⡣
Լʳ˿ڣԶİүҪԵ𣿡
ǻԼһ¡ⴹ
δ߰붨ԶԼһ, ֻװ²ģ
˵ͷȥϷԸ͵¡
谢㣿Ů޷
һЦŮȥ˵ǣ¶ڰ󣬰Ҳްġ
˸ڸ֤, ȥ֦Ҹ֤, Ҫ֪ô˵¡
¥λ, һֺø, ¹ǴŰȥѽ
, ıǼ⣬˼
ӣ֯ϼˡ
µ١
롣
Ϻ񣬿ڵλңǲŮи˼գ֪һҳ̵ģǼӼѧǵĻӲ, ȥͩ͡
ôǵӣ
޿, 檴˴붫ҶЩ, ƽﲻס, 䲻ܶǵ, б޻źáŹ⡣
ȻҲѪ, ׿޿Ůϰ֯գϰһ㾭ӪЩ˻һ
Ȼ׺񡣡Ӹ׺ȥЩȥ
Ӱл׺Ժš
ĸŮ˶һۣҶδѣķһѻ²һ̶ֵҪꡣ
ԭҲ¶
ҹϴϿӣţӰҡҷͽ¼
ָɣӻ˴£һŷȥʰ
һ̧ͷһذҹ΢΢š
ôж仨أ
ϲ꣬ѿһͷ¶顣
׺ۻ幩˰ɡ
ȥ鰸ѰһֻɫĺҶϴͭ账ʢˮˮУָ˸ˮˮ˳ӨָС
򿪵á
źҶϴֽ˴ϣˮɫˣҲڴӳ˲ˮ⡣
ڴǷĨȥ۽Ứ´Ъˡ
£ָ⣬ɱˮɫᡣ
Ȼϲ
ʵýˣҪԼϾӡ
ô֮Žŵš
˴ͬ˵պͬһ£Ըȥͬ
Ӧ¼ԼҪ㵽ǣԼԺȥӭֱͣ
Ŵһֱ׺⸱ģǰռĵ佫ģȥԶλˡ
ַ̧Ҷɫ㲣ңңһЦʮֳؽ
㣬Ǵ󲡳ģԵÿտյ·һܽƵġ
ӰáɤԵЩ
⸹̵֪֪׵ˣװ˰գ֣ͱӶˣ
үá
˼ָſڵҽмҪ֪ӡ
ǰյñټҲձ챱ͳһְǱѷָ̫տɴ
ͷлŵ
ӲؿҲְڣյͷ裬ǰԣҪһòš
ͺүһȡֱߵϻӣ齻½ϣš
ϻҸһ֪ͺү
ЦЦͶ֣Ըû֮ΪڣǴֻǾرˡ
֮İǹ£Ҳûʲô˵ġⴹͷԼյˮ뵣ֻ²յڵ˵¥иɫʽ֪ӿɷ͹⣬һͬ
Ͱ˵£뵽һˡ
֪ļͰСĿζȥȥգʣǺүҪҪ죿Ҫ׼Щʲô
һӦ糣ǣֻҪίӣ׽ģ
ʱűˡ
ߵûҪװ岻ʡ
һеڣڻȵȡ
ŻףЩɻ
װδޣǷţ
Ƕ˶٣ʮƽףڿеȴ߬ĳȴ֮ͷˡ
мк֮˶ŶԶһһպүŰݷãϡ
½ϲţңңһϴůڵЦ⡣
ԭǰ㣬λ½Ƿֱʱģоź޶¡
ǲ֪ΪΪηָӣػҪǡ
ƽϷԺеڰַլţδνš
˲ظֱ㿪ڵ֣ô⣿ϷʲôԸ𣿡
鰡񳿹дּ˵ӧӺ⽫Ҫؾˣϴżϲɫ˵լۡԼĪձܽ
ҪˣǿǺüˡҲʮֻϲλӧϺүģһ书ڸн˧֮ţر߹أطΪ佫Ůӱʡ
ֺ˵𲮸⼸տɺãЦ⣬ֻ˵Ϸ֪֮£ҴЩӡ
ңô˵ˣֿæֽţֱԼԺС
һ·լڸɫ裬Ըаο˷˼ҵӹñȲи˳ģȥϷˣҲԿοһ
ӡ
ɫɱڰƽǶӺöˣ͸Ө׵Ĺʣĸˣ
أūҲּ֮һˣҪ
ͷ
ӧ⽫گѴӱ߹ظϻأԼĪձܻؾˡ
ģĸҪˣʮϲøĸһ߹رǶ꣬ҪؾˣĸҲܺúÿһӡ
뵽ǰ˵Ҳְͬʱֵøĸؾ²ҲΪ˷Լ˵ĵҲۣͬĸ޶һҪվ
Цŵĺ£ĸĸýˣ¼˹ĸĸӸʤǰ
ĸּ֪֮¡˵ʲô
˫ЩΣѹɤϷȻǲȻŭɡ
ǸǿˡӣǷ˵̣ǰƽ벮ͨģϷѸߣûѪԵķޣܹԹϴϷ˵·
ͷĻҲ֪òúС˵
ӿɻԹϷˣֶ˶٣Ϸ˵ǲū벮ֻػ˵ӴСɾ޿ɷ棬˵Ϸ˰꣬Щ¡Ϸ˶ڸУʵûӡ
ҲǸΣҲû뵽˺ƤĸҲˡ
ҲδȫڹĸؾҲҪ֡üĸʲôԸѰұǡ
ǣūջһ¡ӽڳȡһż㣬⣬Ϸ˷ԸｻС
ǡɻ˷ڣһǺһƱգĸջزǡ
ӱ°գϷ˵ʹˣЩҲã༸ﱲҲһݶЩֻͶŲЯ鷳
Ц£ģֻϷ˵ģҴزҿǲġ
˵űҪ˻ظæס齫ȡ
Ϊĸһȣȣĸÿá
ֽӹϻӣݺͰлӣū㲻߶ˣЩ÷˷ģպҪǡ
ЦӦʣֳԺš
Щǵȸͻȥա
л˵
ţһԼᣬ˯


27 
, ˴ɺã׺һһңͭԼӵӡ
ҿȴԼ֪ǰδ׾֮ӳ, ׵ׯɰɡǰСǸ, ԼĪǽ⸱硣
Լ֮ʱ׺鶼֧˳ȥҲǲ֪ģֻΪԶųֿٱ, ԼøҲδ֪
Ц, ڸˡ
һѩ׹ۣһڽ¡
̧һЦ, ǲزסϲ뾪ޡ
մһźɫȹ, ˿ɴѵԼ͸Щɫȹ׹, ճһĨŨ˵ڷбһ֧ҡ«·̺ɼϵ¶飬ڶ²ΡΡ̽ӡ
үá̫ң㿪, ֻȥ½
һʱʧ̬, æǳ׺һ, үǰ, Ƿǲ
, ʮ̹ӵǳ
ȴ֪ò, Ƭ̺ǽִȥ
ָůǽڷԼĴһȦҲʮȴǲͬſԼУ·һңϸ壬ָⷺۺ죬ڽֻٴС
ӵﶣ½Ϊǣ
ڳƬ̵үʱɷ㣿
Ͼ󲡳δɡ
һƬӡĻȻȴÿлѣһʱΡ
ַǷЦﲻڶʱ̵Եóš
˷ңԣֻ⳵ôС·̴ҲŵһƵģ뿴Ĭļ尾ʱֹ
ӣ룬Ҷ֮仹Щ衣öׯ˫ϥϣڴ䣬ЩԼƹʡ
عͷԴϣֻѯ
ƩʱӻΪүδޣ˰ƺԵòǰ׽ˡ
ǸγƺΪã
ռʲô˵ġڴѣ׽ӴΪһ֣ɳɡδֿЩơɡֱֺ޷ֱΪӣδɻҲ׵˽ⷸѡ
ֻӢֱǡü⣬ֻᲨƺڴʱܻһ
Ӣૣ˫ֲ׼⿴⡣
Цֵһɺã
ڸĸǴȰ磬ѩŨСӼĽ⡭Ƕ䶼
ף˾ͳƺһ´ɹʶҲǰеؿǰֻһ⡣
¥ţܽǸ׺ֻϵɴᦣҹǱһȤ
³̧֣ŷ³
ҲŤ󣬴ֱȹ
¥ǰļæӭүӣ¥Ԥˣ
ȴ֣ǣ¥ֱ߲ŷˡ
׺˸ںͷüŪۣȹԼ¥
¥ﲼҲʮֱ£ͬǽ˴øʽ缰˿ΪϣܼʳԼӰɫ֯ʮ̻
¥ܽһӦⴺİٻ̨ާӣΪ˸һյƤֽдϸǩڶ˰ϣиɫʳʲޣүӹĿ
ͶԴʮֺˣ׿ǩѡܽӣңϽӱʳõ޲ɳŶ
ǩˣޣҲõ廨ڶҵǵһμ
ǰԻͣ¥ĳһ˫֣õҲǿеġ
ңǰڱʱǵõò١Щ֮⡣
طҲʵңвͬ
ЦЦζȻӴЩջţƣÿջ㲻
ʣŶҲβ
֪Ⱞֽ𱱽շףӷεʳ֯֡зһģߴ󽫣УҪĸһ㻤һȡ
岻ߣȻҲǰҵ
ٺͷ֮ʲӭսɳТս֮£Ȿ˴̣͸ʳ⻰ͷֹס
үӣ㶼ˣλáЦźд˰ȥȴ⿴ˡ
£
ߵӦɾɣԭ˽Ҳ¥ø
Ⲣ¾ͽϵ֤ȥҲҪŴѳɡؾǡ
ⲢĵĸŮҹѰ
㰲áˮһ͵Ц⣬´棬·һֱλĵá
ףˣʱӲ
İ£Цó⼸ԼͰ޲ĵȥµ״ֽǼŮѵҲưո
УɾأҪ¶ڶԼȫˣ
ԭԭðˡǿһĨЦס
ɾҲǰ񣺡Ӱá
λɾǡλӡ
š
үáɾż񣬡ү˷ʵǴ컯¹ϲүˡ
˺һֻЦ亹
³ˣ˵⼸հµЩ籣׹˳ˮƵģڶ£ЩˣôȹˬƮݣٺòġ֮ǰƽе²δһ㣬ԶºЦ
Ҫǽµ˵¡
л֪ᣬ⼸նͷڸ廨֪Щʱӣùȥǿ𴽽ǣߺԴֻôδ˵̸꣬ˣ
Ǹ֧ŵӵΪȤ⿴ˣ̧ۿš
ᣬæЦңɾʱ򣬻ֶӿЩգٳĲ١
ɾ˸ż䣬ɴӰӰ´£ܴżͷ¶ֻֽһ˲ס
̴ǣר
˴յҲǳףɫҶƣʮġŵܽܶѩٵ׺Ҷʱߣˬһ˿
ƺϺӣųһףѹڸҲḻЩ
ӣЩǳۣӣһΪ۾ˬڣҲӣ壬ʵʮζ
¥ĳӹȻգǰԹӣңˬ
»ػ˴һڸЦ˵
տڲֻרĴͷŵġ
õҲʮʣƤͣͷĻǰյģȴûô塣
˴ʳʮֺθڣҲ̲ס˻ϻӣ˵֮ӦЩʲô㡣
ҼըһЩŴź֮㣬ñţȻʮֿθ
÷ټЩƤ㣬ζҲǲͬ졣
Ȼ֪Щʳζ⻺˵ţǰ˻ģ
ж㣬㽫һӦ¶ƽң罫÷ЯУֱ˿ӴߣȲҪ÷ζ
ֱֱԼֹ˻ͷôˣ
Ƿŵ¼ۣһĨ졣
ȻĨȥȴֻЦԼĴǣ֪
ЩȻӡȥǴۺۣ̲סֵţտҪţ
л˵
Щұ=v=ӦҲܳ԰~


28 
Ȼƺ֪δ, յӣָյԵһһλĴ֮˽ӹֻյ, ˡ
ں, ֽ͵յס
һΡ
Ȼǰ֪ʲô볢Ҳ֪¡ðոװ˼ʱ޺ظȥ, , ˵ǳظ
ӣöԶΣױ̨ǰΪԼжλ, ͱһ¶ʡ
, оڡòȻҲʮֿʡ
׺һЦԵھ
ͷȥǣգգ, Ȼ˵ϷӦֻ֪ҵִУ˵ɣշ
˼ԼҲǲ˼ŤģһʱҲ²˼Ϊ׼ԡ¡
ԡ齼俴ʶ˯, ȴͻȻ뵽ʲô
ô֪СΪ
ͷ, ɾֱæȥѰϡ
ҽͬȥ¥, ԶǸˡЩ̻, Ҳ֪Ǻá
ô, ɾǰ˵ʲôһ, æŮʡ
ǵûУһʮܵģ
˼Ƭ̣ԼŮ㿴Ǹģҫȥ¡
ޣֻ˵Щ֮Ļĺģǽǰͨͨһ㡣
߻ӣǰǱǷųģڲƭˣΪǶðڲġڻⲽüͷšţɲưոݣҪʲôǡ
㻹ʲô߬ϵڣƵҡΣǱȥˣаѱʧ֣һӿɶˣ
ҿ붨ԶһͬţǶԻԼӣҲһκԵ
Ǻú˵˵ЩöŹǱˣҶð
֪ԼǿЮ׾죬ʹϲֶ̨ΣŵĶһ׮ҪĴ￪ƽԼ¸
룡ʲôѻ죿֪Ҵ˴һʧֲɣһ˦Ů߬סԼڵ֣ˮ
һҲҳ⣬ԴӶԶϴùͷռβСźһ˳ı㽫Լ߻ˡ
ֻСȰοˣ˵Ĳ޵¶ӼѶɾǼþձǣ١
㻹᣿ϲһۣһ亹
費һ£ⶨԶ¶ɾ
ţ׳׳ˡūҲΪСӺãȲϲ߰
״ֽҲƾʵݲǡ
ڵϣ͵͵̧ۿ˿ϡ
ǽµŮǷǮԶԶߣүǱߵӦϵĽй¶֣ĶȺˣҲǼǮۿģǮǡ
͵ԶԶģԭ֪࣬Ӧý͵ݲǡ
ˣūһƬģỵ˷˵£̧ͷۿᣬҪūǧ򵶣Ҳ˵һ֣
ϴۿǱй֤أ
תǶԼˣһαֻ֤Ҫҧ˲ϣҲûӡ
һҲͷǰǽ߱ǡ
ϳĬΣտ˿ڡ
ڼ·ֻ̫ۣÿ򷢼ǡƣۣüģ裬ȥ졣
ǡǣūһǣˡ
ܾ裬һ飬ԼŮЩСɾεĻ
ϸֳЩӣɾȷǺˣʮ񣬴Ҳº͡
ָΪŮ޷ˣŮһӣиĵķΪҪҲǿ˿֮ӣؼҽϣĶһֻã㸸ǰ̰ɫ
˵ƽЩǰպԺУ̰ƽϲʤͲúڿлţϸǮʵڷʤ
ôЩ꣬ҲˣĪ鷳ǡԼŮˣֻ˴δǣһٸУΪƸһλøӿɲԽԽʹ
һ磬֯ϼӱͨ
ץ˸߲ء
æױ
鵽ͩļģΪԼѩݸ࣬ҪǼӵƹͬȥٴ˱վ֤֮ݡ
ܵǲȥˡ
Ӵ𣺡ͩô٣˼ɡֽӣҽҲȥ˼ңʵõġ
ˣ˷һĨĵʤѩ
δŶһͬǰȥҲһ
˵úܣֱץе֣ϲϲԼ󣬷ǳ
֯ϼ󷽷Żҿ̻ƶǰ˭˵ݻ
Ǹ˱ڵУҹвصͩͶ˳ڹϣһ
ҹ㲻ˣҶ֯ϼǾ·
Ǹ˭ôݻ
δ²ֶո⣡ʵ
ָָ㣬Ǹ˲̧ͷֻשϡ
ˡ
ǰΪ⳵·׺ʮֳȣһһнǴŮģ³
Щñ£˳
䣬ֱ֯ϼ
ҡ
ŮǷ׷׼Ϊ˰Ȧ¡
˵˵գΪҪӣ
һ˫Ь¶һȴҲǷڵϵĸ˿弼յľ
ҿûգ˴ͩ͹Ӳɣ
ΧŮЦǵǲ֪ҹӿŵģǻƱ硣
˭֪ǲӣӶҵӣһҲޣ²ʲôӣҹ͵ġǸ¶ߺޣҲɲ

ˣHĭӣĳһٺô򣡡ֱǸһ⣬ֱڴбɸһڵϡ
Ҳգֻڵȥ̵ɽɣһ⵽ǲͩͣҲý޻˵ǿɲǣѳʯ
Իլͽꣻƥǧ
ʮƥʡ
أָÿñ¶
ˣҲҪԵ𣿡
л˵
ԭԡ顷չٸἰ˽լߣͽꣻƥǧʮƥʡɱߣԹɱۡ
á


29 
ΧһȦ, Ҫһ㡣
ҡҡ澪̣£ֱʯש䦿
ĸҪݻ𣿡ɽǴҴҸ, һָ, 㽫Ǹ
ǴѳľңλɽһͩͲǣ
ɽȡңšͷ㵹, ɫƳ, ζϤģͩ󡣡
Ůǰ, ˴ƣǴŮ, λɽ͡
ǲ׳ǯסǸ˫, Ů̽ǰ󣬲ʱѳһŶĲͷٽ̵Ķǿ
ǻʯҶǴסˣȻҪɴ⼸ŭĿԣֱšȥ
һ·קִȹµһֻ
ͩͣ
˸²ǹϣ
еȥ, ŭɶ, ʿָʹּ, ҪŮһܷͬ, ˿졣
ɹǶָʹҵģ, Ѹɰ
Ϊ, ܱǲĻƣһԱ׷ۿȥ
̵ɾǽǸ˱ӱߣң¶ָʹģɲڲ˰ң
踾ʳʲôҺʱʶ㣿ֻװɵ㣬Ҳһۡ
㡢㡭
ɣҿϵĵӣͷġѸ֣ⲻŲæָңңһǸ˷٣һȻ
ΣͲԼģ
Ҳ֯ͬУλ֪Ѹһ뷨ֻѸһ֪
ɻſڣȴֱϣݺ㣬Ѹﶼʶ⸾˲Ŷԣ֤׵ĺûѽ
ǣǰΣ
²ɣ
Ⱥ鼤ܣԴ˵ݻ֮ʹ
ѸǰȻϳ⸾Ǹԭʹ۾ãزǷɲǮֻܱвȥݻ֮¡
ӵĻƴվݣץҩҩƹ񣬻Ǯׯӡ֤޴ӵ
ɼƲ߰¶ɫ԰ףһ̱ڵء
죬ǵһҲС»ˣɴ˴Ϊݻ߲񣬶ݲǣׯһ־ڳͷ
Ѻǰ
ϣۿҪ̣˳ȥ̵ĳ档
ô⣬һСǰӡ
̧ͷڳڣ̧˲ɫ۸̬ЦӽЩСʳǲһ
ȴŲǸյϢĽ
Ӣת˸䣬ĳŵ֣ŴΪҪǲ׺ԼҳݻظţԼ䲻ظ÷ˡ
ŵֵǳСʣʲôҪ¶
ҲǣλؾֻǽְҡЩŶλԦʳǣû£˴ظ֪һ
ǹøĸɻգЩţ߬סڡ
Ц԰οްģбþղڷУǿɲĻ
ͷԼģæ˵ͻ
Щˣճ˺£˵ֵݻץţڣǰ
ȷд£ѸĶңݻ𡣡Ҳ£֮δ֣ڹڰء
˶ٻ
̧һۣҲܿңŮϸ£һ
ʶ顣ЦֿƵġ
ֻôҲף˵ģæǽȥδ
¥һһ㣬ʱļ
һ㣿ʲô
µµԶĳͣ¥ǰæӭһʱҲûϳļҵĳֹֻǸţʵڵˣǽտͶ࣬ûϺͺ
ް½Ϸ˳⣬ƧЩɡ
ϣɾӣλ
ĵЩ֣ӯɵȺд󣬽һһٴǰָָΧ磺˴Ƨ˿ɻ⣿
ÿɺã
˵ͷѡڴ˴ʳ
˿Ʒӣһ㡢ʲСֺԡ裬ٵ˾ʢūͽڡ
˴⣬ܿܽǲһǱ紵ҡʮ⡣
ڴ½ϼ״ֵΪүȡ
˵ű¥ȥԼȡ
һ֪װӣֻŹػɾηЩȲա
ָ̽ѣⶼˣһյȺġ
ġ
ˡСŲ첽ǰ裬ȴһʱ²ۿŲҪż米
ģˣæקȴһ
ɫЩȣֻü̧ۣù䵲˴ʮǱŴڰߣ˵ģ
󡢹СӴª֪Ϊνһʧ¶
СＱỨòסزڲۣǺá
ΣţʵַԸȥȥ
ްžڣҲûˣС˵޷һ˴ǰ׽šһֻҲ򣬿Ǹµġ
ɵĺ£˲Ҳ𣿡
ֱѪɫʾסġ
͸̵СѾߣҲû׺ݵģ̿˿ڣСİ﹤澣Ҳ
ǲˮδңˡҲӦֻͣǹڨڨͣ֡
ȥɾӵлСıһƣ¶һĨۣʲôġ
лɾлӣ
λ˽룬Ҳǵһ⡣¹Сһѣȥɾ辻ˮúźš
˹£˴ϣñ˿˴Ρ
½ϴŴ٣ԼҺүǱģһæѯźүۡ
ȡõҲʱ񣬱½϶žˮż
үһգܱˮ䣿Щ⣬ԼӶС˵
ЦЦӦǵŵ·ӣֻڴ˼ȴֻ¶Ÿǳ
ӾõȡŴ멣ⴺȷһʮηģ
ãұϲ
һ˿ɬҲޣˬǼ˹ζƵģ˶õðһ졣
ԴΪԼһԡ裬һʱͣ˾׽һ̧׿
ǰС飬Ҳ˶٣Цôˣ
ſİӨʮһַ̧£ζܺã
л˵
( p_q)


30 
ͷ, Щ֪˵ʲôźá
һˣĶŹڵˮУٽԲ, ˮһɢ, ̲סһƷζ
һǰףⱻϸƬ£̺ɲ˱ߵĻ, ɶѵһѩƵ, »ާˣ˹ͷ
һֻСյ, ʢŷѩƵһ꣺˹µһ, ñţɾٿ
罫, ɲУһʱʤա
¥ʱʱ»
λáЦŸˡ
Ѿۣԣһʱ޻רٽڱ̾׷, ˳Ե
һ, ʤūòˣűװʳ, á
óлظ, ֻȥйһ
̯ӱȱȽ, ڶ, Ŀʢ̫ƽӡ
СĿɲǲСģȡ·ϵʻΪޱߣд켣
ʱӣǱ̽㣿
ɾ۹⣬⻨ޱߣ˱ȻСŮֱۣ¡
šЦǮЯֹС
ǣǲң̽һǷ书ʧ
ͷֻŰɣ˵һαеڶΣԺ赱Ĳǡ
ã
һԸˣϷȲͭǮ֮ϣչʱ֣⼸ˣҪϡ
Ǳ⿴Ų
̧ãǽյϢɵݳȥˣ
Ȼ𡣡ǣԼϣȥ
ԼĪʱű˸ǰֱʱղĹøĸһжԼڣ˲ӵģֻţĸ׺׵һͬȥƽǡ
һޱȰģԥƬ̣ǿ˿ڡ
үҲҪģĪô˿ӡ
ǣӢ֪ġǸصЦֻȽš
ԼԺУϴһȥЪΣ׺񣬶ϣٺ˪ѩֳԴĵġ
лл㡣Цл
׺ǼӺͶԶΣ
źõúܣҡͷԣûүӴԴյô
˵űȥ׺ģ׺ЦƿŮɶԳԵЦ
Ӻͺү£ǧ˺˵ȺүƸҲ١Լòô⣬Ƹ涨¡
Ȼһжġ˪ѩŴЦֻԹԵͷ
ȡһֻʤūڿһִ壬˺ôһ
룡ô࣡æѹ죬ȱһڵľʤūŻϻУǵЪٳԡ
ǿйַŻԭǿɳԲˡ׺Цѹ죬Լȥˡ
-
ױͣװǰЩϷǮĸ׵ܵǳȥƽ
Էּͷһأ˾У¶ˡ
ƽװһ£ΪӭŻӧӣ澶ϲȥȥΪ籸硣
ⰴݼĸĸ࣬ٿǶĸ
ɫȵʱɲöˣױҲڲס㲣ϵǳŵùȥǶȴǲҿġ
ֻƷŲ裬ĸѱǡ
⽫佫żҾ뾩йҪԡºŸգ´͵լۡϴٻһ¼Ԧʳǡ
иҰǼţֻʮ䣬פؽ佫ҹȻӡ
˺ţҲˣλ˴ǵ˺ķͣΪ
˲֪˶ãڵϲŶ
Ϸˣӧ̻ˣӲ㼱Ƕ˵ġ
ҵӧϷĨᣬһһ˲ţȥǰͷӭ沶Ůһͬ
ǰͷԺӭλ׵ĽҴж˿ݵϷǰ
ҲϷ
ӧüϺүӢɫ΢ڱɳĥ³ġ˫ᣬϷַ
ĸˡ⽫ףҲһ֮ɫ
ݼĸλɾҲԼҸĸ°ݡ
ãöɣúӣôǼˡϷ˷ԼŮᣬʵýˣЩɺã߽ɳʵڴҵӧ
ӧԼĸ׵ĺ󱳣ο໥֣ӹҲġ
Ϸˣɣһ·Ϸ糾ͣ۵ýˡҲᣬϷ˸첲Ȱ
ǡǣ˵Ϸӧһһȥ
ЩӧģǰһϺүսʱӧ˵һֱˬӣڱս꣬һʢ
ֻĸףȴǰͷһλӻعͷգգ۾
ֻʱһֹʱ꣬һӵϲˣһЦĸȥ
λøĸŴԼҺӣʽݹϷˡ
Ϸֹᣬæú
ǹĸӣһӣӱֱǡӲλǼһ˲ţСķɡ
ǹĸŮΪ㡣ּλʮˬŮӡ
ϷЦǺǵأﱲǰŮϡ
Ƕ˸ҳӣܱǡ
ǰ񣬲ʱЩ۷ɫơ
ǴŮµġ
һӼλãԼֳ˵˸Ǹġ
˵ʲô˱죬ֻſ⡣
˸ĳŮĵģΪ⡣
ӱ֣㡣ǰ񣬲֪öɫӲֻţԼ⼸ҲûʲôѽľԱ
׵ܣܱǡСҲԹǰ񣬱㼷üŪ۶ÿЦ
Ϸ˿һӵĸֻŮŮ˵ҪڲסղǣòܻؾһҲúһ· 
޶˶һֻۣ˵ԵĸסЩʱղǣɱگ±ְֻܰĸ׶̶ʮˡ
Ϸ˼ϲǰְԵǺ£ĸҲްģȶڰ񾩣ֵпգĸ÷ǡ
ǣǴ£ǰڵݣԺӶءЦţȴֻ˵̫̫ǰôʱݼ²ǵǮҪһݶ
ﱸ磬һӱñġ
ȷʵģɫƷ޲ǾƾֹߣͷС˵
ãʱһϲռСʱƯˣûôÿŮɡкڣ˵ɻǹձȥΣ
ǲУһأ棿
ҽѽǾѧ
æЦڣֻЩúúãұȥƥѡѡ
-
ϷŮŮ̸죬ﱲǱԺͶ棬ʵٷУ˫۷⡣
˳˲ע⣬͵͵ȥϷ˷С
Լ¶ӻĸݱص֮һĸǰЩǲǮĸ£˳
ĴָһΪòŮɡ
л˵
һ㻹ұģͷ


31 
λѩŨ, 㶨Ȼܺ浽һȥϧޣҲûճ档Ц, ڳرͤ
ת۾Ͷ, ܳɡӴ˴ӣȥԺɡ
ֻͷ˵²סⰲƽ, , ҽɺã
-
ɫչøĸҪŶŮסڲϵ, , Ҫذַȥ
ĸвּ֪һ£Щ죺ȥ
ЦЦ֪, ǰЩѷ˳ȥҴŶŮסַұ볤һҹ֡
ָ
ӧֻ죬Ȼ֪Լ֪ܲ٣Ҳûн¶ĸֳȥĵɻͷ˿ϣֻԭˡģ, Ŵʶá
ԭ, ǵñЩظɣҶŮ߶š
ϵͷ, СһӼ, ǳԶȥˡ
ӧжϵЦ, ּô£
ϹŲ, ԼߣҲûʲôӡ
⵹ˣú븮ҲͰˣּҿǷòδ룬Ⲯ֮¶ĸָͬǷָ
ӧھϸֶϣ·ѵǰһ˲ҪȥƵġ
\"㳤;ˣȥԺЪϢɣòˡ\"˫£У˪ҲƵˡ
-
ӧδسԺȥϷԺС
ϷΪͷͬʱǰ㸧ļͷ
ĸŮһΥֻ֣֮˵õĻӧĨĨᣬǰ֮²ˣܻذǱ¶£ҲŮʱ̷ĸࡣ
Ϸ˸Ů޷ˣ¹úñǡ
˵˸
ϷԳ̾һֻȥŮ˵ˣھֻʹͣҲǷǵö˳ףҲáǹܲˡ
ʹЩֶΣǽɴҲáӧüҲǸͿģԼ֡
ֳ˼Ƭ̣ʲôֶϷ˵Ҳ˰񾩣ͬסĪ޶ۡ
Ϸ˰οЦЦԼŮ£Ϊﵣģȥ̫ѽԼ强һݶ⣬Ҳܹ̹Щ
ҪҲǶĸӧҡҡͷΪҴȴͻȻʲô
ǡϷ˽ֻŷչͷĵǮ
ָӧҡҡͷϷպãԼյȥһϡ
-
һ磬ڸûꡣ
Եɵۣڴ˰Ρ
ʲôӣͷô֡˴ͷ顣
մǷŰ񣬸ҸȥءΪԼӷ˯ôȥʵŴ
ӹҡҡͷַ̧ԼϣˣɣҪȥء
Щ⣬Ҳ֪ԲӴס
Ҫ㻻խ۷һ˫СѥʮΪһ٣һ֧ͷŶҲ׸
ΣͭǰȥƽյǺٴۣЩϰߡ
ЦСɾұ䲻ޡ
ֵõ㣿׺ЦͷһӦ
ЦԼӳţΪ½󣬱㿴ˡ
ãʾ⣬ʮͣǹһҴȥС
ˣҰҪҽģҪպòǡִӽȡдšȷŻһŪ
ĸҵģֻĸǮֻҲò𿪿ˣȥԼױ̨ϡ
ҷЦ̤룬һб
Щ̣ű˼ץ֣ٷ˹ˣȥ
ԭġ
ŷڵĽߣ˴ǷŰ֮
ö˰ԶԶţֻͷܶϲ֮ʧ֮Ϊ˼ұŵģ׽ģиԵϲ֡
̽ȺУŰԼ֡
˿ϲģֻĨĨᣬˡ
鰸лǮ˴онոеĺóɼ̱̽ŽϢ̵ƹ񣬻Ҫ׼⼴ĵԡ
һлλӣԸƽ֡
Цڰ±ЩקؼŮľɾҪ죺Щˣǻȥء
ѡһƥСЩԸ˳ĸŻؼιһӣѵҲʡЩڷ¥ùһٷʳһ̣ƻؼȥ
ظ˹ĸſϣǮ͵
ֻһǴġ
Щ⣬ԼλĸҲ֪ʲôӣȡ˶ĺôϾϴǰŵֲҲֻŵӰˡ
ĸһţֻ˵Ϸ򸾶оȫ֪ЩҲõõģűǡ
ЦЦΪлĸֻĩβһ֡
ʲôȥǣĸйĸչˡ


32 
ҶĸؾԸΪԼ, ⷬⶨ˶ģ
ЩǮҲõõ , Ź˻, »ڲ˰ڲſ£˰ԼĪһլǮĥŶ, ʲô¶, ס
ǵҲǰһҵضпɵĵ, ԼҾӪ, ĹӵڵĶʹֶ, 鷳ɾ¶˻Ǯǡ
ú󣬽ºĸͨ˽ӵ¹ҽУعЩӱܽҲʵʵڵǮ
ӵЩʲôأ
Դ룬ȴѩ
ӣԶǲˡֻϵϻ, ⡣
ϻ, ͷһŲһ뿪ķҩһϻʨЦЦ, ҩˮ, 
, 档ղͷ͡
տͷʮ, üżϣдΪֱף»ҲûԴȵģ룬ֽչʲôҪأ
ǰһĳӼѾãклӣҩ֮һЦ
һ˴ĸ̾ЩԹǻֱᣬֻΪǷдʲôͷ־Уӿ飬Ҳδаĩβһд֮Ķ綨Ҫ⵽ʱ糣ǣشˣһӦơ
ֻΪ˺ͷһΣҲգż㣬ʨӡ
ź֪ƵģγŶѡԵĵġʨӳ壬ϲˣҲ֪ļҵĹƵġ
쾩ѫ԰ʥ̫ҺԹʱҲ١
-
ת۱֮գ̽ԡ£ڴ˴δǰľ֮䣬ڼ༰ѫӢӦԡ
״ֻѹͷţΪǰ;ٲһΡ
ƺֻԼ޹İڼ೪Źݻʵۣ̽е滺۽ǣ֮
λƽ
񲿹Ա֮ͬǰǰ㣬һڼԵǰ
˴αѡԲ߰ɡ֮£Եòô̽һרԲĿ
һ鰸ֻһᱡɴᣣͷŵ񲿼࿼ԱʵʱѲӣ̽ƻȻֽ˼Ȫӿʲͣ
ţ©δͷ±ʣڼཫ߾¡
¾ǽ׾ϷĲ߾Ļʵ۴ʡ
 꿤̽һλǰӦ𡣡
丧ƽ½ȲڽҾ
ԡԱΪҪ߸͡ϸ񣿡
̽гʱʶ̰Ϊ񾩶޳Ī޼ɵű·İձ֪ݴյ԰չͽ̡
ԴԮǰ֮پڱ֮Ա˹ϸϸʵ۲ɵͷޡ
ֻ߲ܵù𣿡ʵۿãʵ
£ʱţ˲߬߬ȭ
ʥʩ̣ԱҲˣ̻֮ΪҪ֮֮ʱ֮Ҫй۲֮ܣš͡ܡ£вܸͬ˾ְͲܵúù٣һֶ
һֶʵ૵ǰһֶޡ
֪̽ʵΪ˸ֻ̾Ҿѧ̿֡
ǸöɣҪΪΪúЧǡʵɫЦذ¡
¾ýԶδ壬ɰȴˡ
˵ˣʵ˵Լˣһϴˣһκ飬Դ֪˵Ĵȥ̫һϴˣ
ʻΣѵҪ̫һҴĺٻءٹٸԭְ
һ˼Ͱ׷̫ڶ࣬һؾԼڳе𣿺òײŽܾʹ˹һ
ٿһЩٿһЩ
ɴ᣺ɫֻŻȥμƻ
-
մ⣬еϰһűѰ˼ǰ󣬱һȥ
ĸֻ˵붨Զһ£ǰͷϵδ˵ġ
ԶˣҲﲻã˱һ࣬˳׿⡣
ǰδӴխװһҲʮֺÿźΣֱֱ⡣
ǲȥţӿɾˣ
ͷȻʨҲʮ𣬲֪ļƵģҲȥЩ
ȴЩʧƵģӣﻹǵҵĺãǲ˵ΪãҲýӵҾһЩ
һĿֻ֪࣬Զɳɱȴ֪˽¶Լδӣһͷȥֻװδ
ʮֺգүﻰ᲻ǵĺˣ
Ƿţӹ濴𣿡͸λεԹдװףѰӣӾһҲѰңŻҺүˡ
ֻ뽫ŵסϱ˵ĺ⼸ռæδѰŻӢȥţ󣬱үȥ۳طΣ
ãһΪЦü䣬һ鼫á
˵ʲô֮ò׵һͬԦ롣
ӣ˳Եһ
ᣬӭů䲻Ӳ۳ңΪǣõġ
һ˹ǰͷͷǶǣңֻýˣαش֡
л˵
һΪ񣬳ܿ=v=


33 
ⷽѧ, ЩӲƥ˳ڸιβ, ʮְȡ
ƥѡü, ӡ޹˵ԦйȦɽ
ѡܲŽԦ֮ͷͷǵ, Լ˵ǽ̱, Ҳ岻Ƶġֿ̲סǰͷȥ˻, ˵һȲشȥˡ
ǣ, ڳɢ
룬̤ǷЩ㣿ͣ², ΪһЩ̤ŷúܣխҿСʱ״л
ŵøסס
ͷһ, ֻ빴ŽżѳĴ, ѥ棬Ҳܸо¶, 
ȴǳЦ, ʮּᶨؽֻں֮, ̧ͷΣɻʣ
ⲻ, ֻͷֿȥһߵ룬β̤˽ȥ
գǲ°ҲԦȵЩ
лƺүǰһλֻ˻ȥ
ߣЦҺαл
ԣķȥֻһϮ£ڳ۳ң֪ٶɵĿ⡣
վһ
ѧ𣿡Ų׿ĿͣУ·һҲˡ
ЦЦֻ˵ѧˣֻǰˣľһѧ
ҵѧգϧǰδĻᡣ
ҽǡ
ģͷ涼ڴϲȴɫ͡
Ȼ֪ڵʲôЩӱǣӻء
ϴЩ⣬˶⣬ȴѱ١ⶨԶ˼Լ⣬زġ
˶ģعͷ㡣
ұΪ㱸һϸЩĹŹۣУ䲢ʱһչ֡ԿԹ˵š
Ҵδ̶һ£ôȥһչˣ
ЦЦȥҲɣݳȴ˴ڡ
˵ǰδ֮ʱ˿ɵУǰʱ⣬һɢˡ
ҵ𣬴ǰ·ڶۣԼĪʮʱ游ĸ磬Ӹѫѡɱѫеһӣһ̫ͬҺؾ
ȷд£ʱѫеֵǰ¶ˣŴ˫ۣ⿴Щʲôն磬ҲĶǰվҪۣӵʱ࿴Ҽ۰ա
ˣô˵ЩĻ
㡢˭ҪЩɾˣգֻȥרĿӸ˻
룬ֿڵүԺ˵ЩЩĻ
治ɫ״СǱǼԼ˿ǽ𣿡
˴󿴱һˣʱǵһ׿ãǵͷ
ˣһֱӮû˼һλСˤˣݹգ˳ȥ
һһ㡣
⻰æһܵøˣɢü˻صߡ
ãҺÿ𣿡һö̽οңҡҡλθ⿴
طֻͷָָǷСӣҵġ
СΧ˼͸˲ˮοţԶԶ߿̱תӡ
Цſÿˣ̧ͷȥǳжСŮƽǧٳ裬ȫ޵֣㣬Ǳ
ԭǻʺֶŮᡭ
ȻᣬֻЩ֮Ǹʮֺõӡ˱ģֵΪú
˱ıߣ˵ΪԼȥźһͬлȥ
ӿɼסˣԺֻѰ㣬ҲӦҲǡǰϸϸŲɡ
֪ˡ̧ۿЩЭ
Ҳصģű»Ҷһ糣ǣĪЩĹдµӳϰˣŴʳÿ˻öšЦЦ̽ȡⷢĻҶ
ǻҶ׿ڵӢҲĪˣӲãЩϸǣĪҪơ
ǣ֮Ųһů⡣
̲סһۣæ飬ҲƵĻظˡ
ȷʵСӿģʱܶأ
-
ùϦʳ׺˼յƣ˲ӣ黭Уλ׽ʿأ
ģǿǴϲ£ҲñЩ񹧺زǣҲմմʿɾϲ飬ʮϲ
׺ǣ˵ձȥš
뿴ʿɾǰֻɶ˷ǣֺ죬˵Ҳ˶׺ϵϲɫôҲѹס޲Բźá
㣬ӳȥ黭еĽʣµׯӡһ˶һЩմմϲ
лӡ׺ϲЦտæ


34 
³, ڳѫ˼ҳɺ˻ʳǣһСڼڵ̫Һϡ
һ·ϱżۻƵ, ѡݺɵĻ׹, ɫ˿һ·Ʈҡرߡ
Ϊʼʣʵ̫ۡʺУΪҡűѫ󳯳Сʡ
ҡҷ, ̫Һͥн̷ֹ, ڶϴһ˫Ů氲ƽϷһͬ
ˡƽ, 롣ڼ๪, һ˰, ܷԸū澱ǡ
Ϸ˽һھΣͰڵй˿ˡ
ڰ࣬佫˼ңѩŨӰҲڹѰˣֻ͹øĸһҼ˼Ҽ㰲ĵſ硣
аϷһɫ˿ߴľգۻƾƣ֮, , ʱӶ͸ˡʱԼҳЩ, һš
Ҳţ
ջ, ֻڼ೪¼ݵ
˵ۺ̫, 㾴ʵʥ, ·ջʵʮֲٱ볼ŷԸ
ĵµļٳϣ֮֮֮żʣһͶУٷظߺΩϣ
ͬԾƼ֮ڼٵ硣
ϰһΪɫƣҽõĳƽڼ࣬ɹŮٱһɫʣУʾ
λŮڼϸɫƷ㣬ʵ۱ôʱҳ
ʵλʺյྴЩӷ·˲٣檼֮ϲ
ԭ޴ǰΪ׶𣿡Ц뷢޹ִȤһ
ʺۻƾڴЦɲһԣǰЩӿǴҲҴģŭ˱¡
ҲǰΣһ˰֡
ʵֻЩ죬дһӡ󣬻ʵ۲ŭľǰʵ֮ƣὫų̬
棿ɻǵãǺʱʼϲŭ޳ģЦʺģֻ˵׺ǶԲסޣһ
ʺɫߺ죬ֻ˵ˣԼĪȥգֱ±ࡣ
ָֽϻʵۿοæʱҲ⣬߽Ѷ̺壬Ȼ泩ҲúýӲǡ
ġĻʺ֣Ϊһյۻƾƣȴ񼣬˲̽һ
䣬Ϊ㱸ҽ裬δȬԴ˴ưաʵңţʾ衣
лº񰮡
̫ԣֹ˻ͷЦʵҴˣҿɼǵǰЩۣʮѫСɾһͬ˿
Сڼǰǰػ䣬ǰҾμ
л̫һضúΪ¾ۡ
ǳգգۣ̫˵Щʲôֻֻ̫ǰ̷Ů٣ּһ
ҲãȽնˣҲҿһԶСŮ̫ʮָˣЩӺûôտý
ŮųɫԲ۷ֵӰ̫ڸ硣
ƽһʱ˲ϻ׿ֶŮ£еֽֽ̧۱⺬Цӣɺͷ˶ҲǣһĨȰȴӲЦ
Ϸ˵л̫䣬λŮȥա
ͷǣݹĸĸף׸Ůǰ
ǰǸңĿȹиâڱ
̧ڻʽ£ɫѤöĿȴ˿ܽߴƿһϮ۷ñؿֻأһЦܰͷš
ֻ֣ǣ
ⲻԼӿ˲Լָϣٱů
ΧЩԼЦźǰһͬ°ݡ
Ůݼ¡̫󡢻ʺ
ƣǰ伫ˡ̫ǳһͬŴЦʮģ
Ҳͣ˵༪Ļ
ڿɶˣ̫ʡ
⿴ţһʱգⲻӭ¸Ӻ֮ڡ
ȷȻˣԵʮӭȢǡ̫ת˵úӣֻίٵȵȣӺõÿ죬ҲҪ˶ʱա
̫ⷬôʮֺ޼Ƶġ
ȻǻӢΪҪŮ޷
˵ͻСڲĸϥ¶һʱδɡ
ʹЩɾ֪ˡ
ɲڽ£ģʤյҡ
ִȤһ̫󿪿ڣ˱ڴ˴ɣҲÿͷľۡ
˵űڼһڻʽ£βϻʵǰԸĸɫ͵㣬˾
лؾ밸ߣܱҲж
ۿ̫Һи볡ǳɾÿԲͬɫĲϵ֣׳Ŀ͡
ż˱㿪ʼΪһյҽ
ӳɻϲ
ֽӹ֮Ȼͬ죬ζȻգյӼС
ӿΪ׼˳ƷҿӶԼɾֱҪϵϡֲ״Ƶġ
ֻ˷˵ĽӺɰȡͱõĳƣӣϵ
Ȼͬ
׼ĳϵԼ䣬ƹȦϵϱֻȦɫ˿ָⷭɣ԰֬
ſͷרԼϵϳƣָⲻʱ䣬ֱͷֽʧ죬ͷײҲʧɫֻʣǰһ
ðҶԼĻᣬԼԽٺǻһ
鲻ԽӴյøЩǰ˺֣δǰǰںԺп꣬ҲΪȫĸϵͷá
ˡϵ˳ƣ̧ͷȴϸϸ˽ȥ
ԣֱ̣룬ϵųƵָֻǰ˵޷
ر߷Щˡ

ָԹãųȴ˼ر߲Ҳ
ʵ۴Цʺ֣һǵãǰҲǰΪϵơ
ɻǵã
ۺֱ۲һһͬ


35 
̫ҺоǴӻǰ, ƳһܣȻǰʤ
δ䣬֮һʻ, һƬ̾϶Ǽ, 䲻ʵۼҲͷҴѶӦˣǧӣ
¶ȴһʱԣѹһ, ֻҲڡ
ϵų첼ڶ, ˽ǰӹ, Ů档
ɾҲһԱͽ, ǰڱһﵱȣ׷ܵʤ޵
̧ͷ, ·˫пЩʲôпʲôģ
׺Ұýӣʮƽ·ֻԹߵһ㣬ÿһ㾶ֱӣŮͯӻزг䵱ūϮٶȼ죬ǰǸϵʱ, ֻʣԫٻҡ
ֿһ, ˶ʳ֮µδ˵ڣͷ­ս֮, Ƿ߶롣
ɳ, ɳӿ, пרѡɳʱ, װģ룬ǲѴܷ֮²Ѿʿ١
ͷ΢ʶָģʹ㲻Ҫˡ
ǰԶ֮ʱΪӵŷ׻ؾҲֵʧһ飬ֻڷ·ǲ֪ģ飬صʱ״֣ҲԸٻ䡣
˫ȾůɫģСĦ
㣬ɳ߳ǣϮسǣ
뿼Լ̧̧°ͣڵɳˮƽӦѿ֮ഢˮԱʱ֮衣
ϮԽǽԷˮ֮źЦʡ
ȻǣˮԵԼұʿãпҷѣ
ͷʾ˵
Ӣ˵ǲô߱ӦΪƤձۣǽӶսʱ亷¼ýӣȴԵֿ־֮սնţƥɽëձӲԻɳȼǽпܣȿԻƵУԻɳۡ
ǵпܺأ
ţʽսԮ񣿡
Ԯ˫ʮƽ
ٳаգԼйܴ齵Ƴѵǰͩͣһɴھü롢ľˣȡƣԼȼţпæʱԼ䣬ʱ䡣
ϽƶԮδأ
Ҹˡϯձյս
ԣһʵһŮɡ
ɰƽ֭֮ż֭֮ͭȼţ֮ŵͷ
֭ʲô֪Ƶķˮȳƺ
Ц²˵ˣԲӡ룬ҳ۳ҽΪ
֪ڹᡣõŮɣһشȥ
ⲻѡһֻӣǳඹɳڶģﻹЩ£سҲǶУϸҲʮҪǻϸٹǰ׷ѡ
ǰǻ˱жԼ˵ϸΪһյҽ̧ʱŰۺ̫󾴾ƣǴ˳Ǳضơ
ƲһͶߣ̧ЦЦݣ˫۾ǰ׻ؾĶģ
ֻǣźҽ·𷽲ŶǰĴ
ԭһֱԼ֣
ֱҽŷæ˻ֻŴĳඹɳӡ
ɣδӣոʶΪѡŮ㿴ʵۼſó񣬱㿪ѣһȦ֮
лʣʧˡҾϸֳȤ
һյ˿ӡȥϾƺۣ޴ǴȰǱȫְ梶˼ңҲεӰֻ
ˣѡβһΪλҲþ翪֦ɢҶ˺òܸĵظ¡
ָһ㣬ָϯԼֻ΢ЦȴЩį
лΪȫ⣬ֻıǣˡʵ۹֣Ω£Եɡ
ʵ۹ЦţʰǵŮɣױǡ
г㣬ֻԼҶ˵ǼλŮ
ȴң֪ǰЩѿʼֻ˵ƾĸ
ջ߲ٿ֪һҪδλ
-
գλѫ󳯳ͻʼҺ½ظŹʹ͵ľѻ
Լַʱʮֽֿڵ
ЦЦͷ³˵үԺҼŮ鸮ǡ
ԵˣĸСŲȻǣ֡
ȡһöźɫ֣طС
ͷһûƣԵƵҲԭ֮һ飬а㡣
а㡣ЩҶĿ⣬ֻĬĬջȥ
ҵĲǼõģֻ⸱ģҲȥ
ֻϸţ̧ͷʣĪǡǺүԼģ
ؿڵҲ̲סһ׷ʣ
ǲǣҿү֡
յøЩ׽Ȼָ⻹ۡ
š
̧ŵĴ꣬ԭԼִ˵¡
лл㣬Һϲ
ֻԼĵӰЩػǰĴ
ת߶ţӻȥ͸˲ܳԣǷųزÿ˻Щɽӱǡ
ȹţԭ佫⸱ϸģ
-
ҹɫī졣
Ƿ󣬴Ҷ죬¾Ľ˿ϡ
ͣˣȴһ׹أٽűǼè
Ҳ֪èǲǴӰġ
Ħ䳤ƣ۰˯ȥֻʱǡ


36 
Զǰֲ, ҩȽɫ
һڴרųʳ·Ժֻ֮·߲ҶһѰ
, òӡӡ, ̧ۿԺˡ
һ£ԺУֻ⿰أŲ˺ۣǰм, ҹèġ
ſ½ϳϴѳһӦ, ڿ˿ڣôЩʲô
뿴ҾΣ
Ǹɴ֪ɱң
֧򢣬һֻյ, ȴ˴𻰡
ǿ, ҸаɣҲ֪һֻèǷ񽹼, ιЩöдһȥ
ǡλµɢ˿Уֱֱȥ
Ų׷ԸЩװڽϻڣֻ˵Щ黹
ԺУмҩý޿ɰ, ɫָǰ㡣
츮ճȥˣȥ, š
ǣ¬鸮ױ, ӵǳͬȥ
-
⴩һǳϵȹ, ԤøѩŨױ¬ȥ
ĸ׼¬Ů쳤, ȸԾŽѩŨԺ
ԺǰҲ, ȴЩͬζΪЩʻʶеװ㣬Ǻѹʱĩβ
ŨŨһ۱ƼԺнüѩŨæе׺ǰȥ
ѩŨһӱǹӭ
ҿǶδˡԺŮ廨̸죬˷׷׼
ɺãն繬磬Ҳû㣬ǰ뻵ˡѩŨɫ͸һƱʮ泩ġ
Ҳ뻵ˣɫǰ˸ɾָգڴЦ
ΧŮǶЦ˵Ǻø˴ɶʮ˳ĵġ
ѩӼˣһˣҿɿУ붨Զͬһү޲ӶιǸճһλȥ޵¬Ȥ⣬ۡ
֪ʱǻڣ
ƺүˣҼǸ㷳
ʱǿҪֱϲƲǡ
ҲֻѩŨ֪鲻ĴǰӣǰΧλǵģղױһĶȥͬ˵Щ
Цλ׽Ӽ˻ôЩû㻹δɣ
ѩŨ˻ϣֵҲܣûù
ƸλöʲôöҡŮλױǰ񫡣
ʯ粽壬ӵױ䲻񳤱ǰȴиԵŮ⣬ɿɰ
ѩŨҪŽװúȴһλӰɲڴ˴ôСӣ˵Ҳ̻˸λ
޼ҽ㣬ʲôѽѩŨ֣̲ͣס
޼Ů۾Цֻ˵
кβܿǶŮɣСҲǿõġһλСӺ漫ˡ
ĪɻҲһϻӡ뼸λѻЦЦæǽȥ
ѩŨ֪ˣȡļϻƷ
һϻһ֮̾
ͷǼ
໨ϣҲĹӣ
֪ļӴΣ
ͷ˳죬ɲʱܳɵı໨ƹӣοΣԧ졢ʵ֦ǼΣһǳΪ׹£֮
ѩŨϲˣֻúְ˽˲ǣŮֻ࿴һ
ԼԼƵģֻһݶǿɱˣ˵Ҳǣ
λֻЦѩŨСЦŵͷҺŨŨ»ԼƵģԵһݣλ½һ
ӿɲֹһֻϻǿԵĿɺã
⻹һİǧɫʼѣ·͹
һϻΣɫпɲɫȸβȴʯʯͨ͸ǶϼԼ壬Ư
λӵľ巽λùձȥкúù䣬ҲӷԼͷϵӣ̾ԭģʵԵ֡
ѩŨ˽ױ£ãλһͬȥȥ
ɾûʱˣѩŨͰձͣͬʱǰͷһͬл
˵ʵǺүɺãԼ𣿡ⵣǣֻ߬߬
ⴽǴǳЦ⣬ЩദΪҲɼнţҲʮġ
ֻѰֻ˵װδ޵ģѰøףΪ̫ѩڵţװ鰮ģɴ¡
һͷ˵öǼٵģٺãҲýһĳڴˡ
ֻЦЦ˵ŨŨİգԼˣҲǲԸäƼ޵ģүദ£ǰ֮£ѳɶˣ
ţֻ˵ǧãֻһǲġѩŨһֻ̬ʮɫŵԣɾϽź˳ƢֽͣǲٵģҪΪһֱͷת򣬷ˡ
ʿ֮⣬̿˵ҲŮ֮⣬˵Ҳ
˵ɣһһ𣿡ѩŨͷЩ̻֮⣬ˣǱİŮӣ檡
ˣһ粻޵ĺãܼˣԴ⻳С
ʧЦḧı޼ɾ÷Ʒ㻹𣿡
ŵԣɾϽź˳ֶǼõģǰ
˵޼ɾʱҲôģѹɤŨŨҿǺáŨŨԵòɾָΡ
ѩŨЦ÷ѧɻ񡣡
㰲ıǣҽ˵ЩԺıģҲ㲻ҪĶʲôɾ˱ǣõǺŨŨҼõġ
ұģҾ͡Ҿ͡ѩŨŷȭ޲ھʹһٳ
Ժ¶˭֪ڸһյӣɽΪֶӱҲ𣿡
һӲ𣿡
һɵȻЦ֪ʹĲҵ㻹ء
л˵
ҪԣŤ


37 
³, ˼Ȣ
ʰͣ¬һͬѩŨ
ѩŨԡ㣬¬Ϸ¬ϥ, ѵ, ŮǵԼӵķԸؽ뷿У곤ڵ˵˵
ԺбҺʣƵϲɫʱҩ, ͸, ׽ŮЦ𻰣ʵּˡ
ӻˣױλͷ, ڼűӵ¼, æӭױ̨ǰ
ⱸһö𲭻䣬ǲĵͼ, Ϊ׺챦ΪΣ˵ľ
ѩŨ治㼷üŪۺʾ⣬߰
ӿɱ𶯣ǽȥӰüëɾѿýˡЦ˵Ҳ١
ŮǶЦֻ˵ЩƤѩŨĪҪ, ԹԽǡ
һԿ, ѩŨСȴһϲȴĴģ
ַ·֪˼, Ц˵СĪ, ȴЩ, һ, ǻӷ棬һױŸЩ
λŮѩŨ棬ֱһͷ滨¬ΪԼŮ˳
¬ᣬȴ̲סžеŮ˵һļűŽ췢
¬ᣬϿѩŨױ
ķٱǰŮʱȻͬׯҳأ·ʱһ㣬ȡ֬ü죬ַױ
Ǧ˫üȾ죬ѩŨһŷ潿Ӷٽöڶ䣬Ц̧һ棬ȡ޴ֵ֬ЦһЦ
üۺߣλɺ죬һһЦϲˡ
ףһҵļ£ֿϰŵȣһ˫ԧ콻˫ѩŨ÷ġʱһ֣ͬһǰһڳ׷ţŲʱţѩŨҪΪ˸ˡ
أбһźľ죬λֱ˵һõġ

ǣһԺУҪһɱɱ磬۸¼
Ӳ֪ɾȢ¸Ҫôһ⡣
һǡ
һԼλŮикЦŶ˵
ѩŨھǰֲ䣬ŤСҲĴˣһỹҪҰء
λŮɶЦÿʹˣѩԼɾ
ѩŨ룬Ŵǰױ
ȥԺţ˿ɾʹˡλŮǣ֣һͬԺȥͷѩŨЦüۣռˣǽȻͬˡ
λ޼ɾĻšɾаٳնս¼ԺţҲλŮһٹλСЩĿɾ⾹˶㣬Žʵһӡ
ѽλɾɻãҲˣһƤ䱻ִĺʮֻǸ˴ˡ
⿡ɾսֿŮʽķ٣һʱɫǵͨ죬۵ҲޡްͷλСӷġ
ŮǶЦţֻ˵λɾˣҪ¼ȥݱ̩ɽ̩ˮĪҪ˼ʱǡ
ʵڶԲסͷһʧλաɾκؿⵣ
Ǳκæް۽תһȦʾˣһ˱Цλ˰ݱ𳤱ȥˡ
һ·֣ò׽ѩŨ˻鳵˱
ѩŨһɰϲôǸмһתͷǸհһɾԿԼֻüԼҳȥһͬȥ޸硣

һỽͷ£һԣȥ
մһɫ۷ɴȴٺ󷢴䣬һͷƽֿʷ
Ӣ޼ɾһͬģΪβױ࣬ʮȻؽӹӡ
ֻЦ˵ǡ֮ˡƽҲвپҵģȥ˻ʲôȤ
ֻӷţֽΪӡȥǱһͬױӵĹɻң
Ȼҽյһû뵽ô档ֽŷǳֻ֣һͬ޸ȥ
飬ֱĦһ̣ٻعͷȺߵĿɾֻ˿ʮζ
-
޸ƣĿǼĺ죬úһɾǱӵȥֶβŽѩŨȺ
õԼİǧʣʱЩ˴Ľźһͬȥ
-
ҹԺѩŨǵõ޸ˣЩпοһͬ˰ַ
˻츮𻰣óл˸
ǰЩ˵ͬȥ۳طۣһӦ׼׵֪⼸տпշ񣿡˲ҶȰŷֻյƣҹһɢ˾
Ӣ㱸ˣӦҳﱸǡֻΪǱЩţ˻ᴫŰˡ
ڣֻЦҶ˺ʲô˴ˣѰһ¹ӣֻӶʱź
룺⼸Ҷ£տɻִ٣
Ǳհգ͸ϲãɽǰס֣ʱϽӡһӦ½뱸ֻǡ
һ˴ɣûЩζ佫˵һʱЩ档
̲סַԼ֮ϣͬΣϲ֡
²Ƚ·һҲײԼͷһ㣬̲סֻ֣ϣҹɫŨȥϺ⡣
˾ƣͻӡ˰벽˫ȴ㶯˵ɫֻ뽫Լͷ
ҹɫŨӢظ˯õڶͷۡ
ǣл㡣
ҹ罥޷ʮ̧գö߶һ
վջֻ֣ģӿЩظȥɣЩòźá
л˵
ˣͷ
۸ǷС


38 
һȹһ, ӽշۣ̲֦Ũȹɺã
أɫʮˬĳ
׺ȹ, ʾ⿴, ѰЩʯΣŴ
¹ֳָʮȾָٵͷ, ձһա
ڭ, ķ£, ֱӴǷ̲֦, ˮһ㽫أϵŨȹ, һĽ̬һͷڷɶѵƣ벽ҡٵϵڭͬɫ췢˱˿ȱȥ
츮ȺˣһִȶĻϲؿޣȾޢʵǺÿ
ȴû뵽ϸЦÿҩ֭Ӽġ
ͷ, ̧ڽӭ, ſŽžԼЩ֮ͬ
ů׵ĳ, ڽԹ˷̵ı, ϵһöɫ, Լһ, Ȼ֣һͬ
ŽȷЩҪ£ǰЩӰҹϮԶ򸮣ȥҲѶܲ⽫ͬνصϢųǰ¾Сۣǳﱸɫʻרʽӣ͵Űһι
տܻЩ꣬ӰģһӦ糣װ֪թǡɫΪһյ
ǹԮһңӿɻ?
ҡҡͷֻкүڣûʲôµġ
һʱԣ̲ס棬սСʣǰҪˣʲôֶ𣿡
ŵͷҲдҲδ֪
۳˷ۣΧв跻¥ﲻ컯֮±𣿡ۣЩ̾ڰĿ޷͡
Ҳһͬ۶ӣıλ֮˻ʲôɹ˼ɵ?ҲһȺλŵ˵⡣
գգۣˮ
ЦŻ޵ӴϻҲһɱˮ
Ҫ˳˼ˮɣתתӣ֪ˣҽձ㴩ʵЩˣһڶˡ
̿޽ǣӶˣֻԺһЩá
ү۳صˡ½ͨ³

ƣڷҡȥֱ˵ĿҲҡҷ
лͷר棬һСľ²ۣϵɴʣֻ˳С
˰ڣһͷŸݻŲκ
½ϣλȥ跻ЩģظˡŷԸ
鿴ɫһͷظ½ˡ
롣ŸʳУϲۡ
ǴҴŶң룬Ц˵ۣϸʹȥδ;ųŸ밶ʻС
ҿŲŲæشʳУһյ
༸ϵãҲ˵Ʒֻһδ
?̧ʡ
͸٣Ŵ׷ƤΪ£ϸඹɳڶΪڵڵ񻨣̶ɳ͸ƤӸ⣬˳ϵ?
͸С磬ȡһֻȻʮ־ɼҲڲͬŴ
ඹɳͷңʮ־ϲҵĴ붹ɳϸĿڸлϣ·ǻ¶һ㣬Ŵ׷Ƥ͸Щ⣬һǻʻ֭ģֲɫ任
Ц𣺡ֻʱõʻֻͣ㲻ɫඹɳҲ˹ϸ塣
ȷʵʮζ˼ϸɣҿ벻ķһֻӣӹյ衣
ÿһɴ¶Ц̸ģϧһδ֪ܷ񡭡
ȻȡһֻСιУֻһŮ࣬ʮ繵ģ
ʱЩЦſвֻͣǴѽʻģôϡ
ֱָʾϷֻԴǡ
Щսͬ˵ӣǼˣֻȺĥ
䴬ֻüŵϣļҪϡ
ںģڳ˴Ԯ֣˵ҲǼٵģһʱҲ˶֮˾յ˽ֻʸЩʲôǡ
ͷȻˮˣʱҲϸ΢죬жͷһݡ
!
Ž׽ˮУ̧ۿ
ѽɾҵӣʮϵغǴֿ
ĪҪģȡŴʳгһѶ̵ʱʮֶȻطˮ
Ǵ˱ʣԥؿһۣǸˮ
ŰŽӦĴˡ
⴬ͷ©ˮ⼱æɴܳɽǴڣˮٶȡ
ŻڴǶ˲ɱˮѪɫˮȫ壬Ǻ?
ѪǧҪŵģ
л˵


39 
ûɴͨ͸, ⴬̫СֻΧڴϼ˰д̣
ӦĴֻͺ˵, ɼ䦿Ѫܷĵ,
ţɫ̼ʲôˡ
ˮůƳˮ棬һⱻ˴æʰ, 㰴ͷ, ʮ־ؼڴϱߺȡ
ڣӦĴɽԾˮ, Ƚž˴, ٽǶܣýʵʵ, ֻǿǶ˶ǺˮԲֹ
ˮԲû䴬Ҳ棬ȴ䦿һѪɫȻ˵
æȥ鿴ͷ飬￨˿УȡӽסԷֹѪ, ָմѪ, ֹסط
ˡѯʣ㷢ĳ, ֹ˻ͷ, սȥ
Ϊ֮, ġ
ڷʪ͸, ɢЩʪϣɫ԰ףʪңͷ˴Ի䦳ѪۣȾѪˮһǺˣŷ·Σһ㡣
ȴһ⣬ܰɽǽӦֺαˣ˻ҲÿϴǺʳȡĶ̵¶
ŴʱҲ˼ⰲ˵Ǻ޼ɻ䣬ʵʱǳ嶯ϡ³çðʧվֱǰд̣ѵΪԼ޷ӣǰôƹλģ
ǰЩף
쿿ˣղظѰ׵½ϱõĳǡ˵꣬ʮָɴرۻԡ
װˮţͷɽк
죡ͺүظ
ְ˽Ž̧ڣˣҲƵĽȥˡ
ʱ⽫ɰеĨڣټĨᣬͷıɽ˫۶Ѭĺˣϴᣬλɢȹʪ˭˲һ
ŵòУ鿴Լӣӣôˣţ
Ѫ
ү̣Ǻү˴ġⴹᣬΧǿУһӱ㽫Զ֮´￪ȥ
ӣү»ӻظ½ʰһӦˣʳ񣬲ǳ
ᣬݵһͬ˳
-
Զһºܿ㴫˹ڣʵ巵У̽ǰЩӲ̽ǷЩеĶ
һһʳѬ㣬޲ϸ֣ɲ鲢޲ֱ֮ձڼΪīζ֮г㣬ԱƬ֮
ʵ̧Ǳڼࣺջī
ǣҲī˱ƬԣζˬٺʲˡڼЦݣȴûʵۺ뵽ʲô
ȥҲ֮ʱ۱īī
Ȼ̽īȥѰѯ֪ͷ޺͹ҩ֮ᱩŭɲ¼ɣ񣬲ᱩж̫ҽȴֻļ¾壬Էʵ
ʵ۱˱ۣԶһ½ɴ´ã̲ศزסѡ̫ҽȥԶΡ
īһ±㽻㴦ãݸϹǵҩ·ģĪ©ǡ
̽һڼΣ㹧ˡ
Ҫúýڹ޼һˣҲ֪ػЩ¶ǰΪĺöӣǲ
-
ڸ鷿ⲽ¹ڽǰһԴڵ棬
˰̨ī֭ڵأӳݡ
ŸŮڴϣҲʧ𣿣
֮ǰҹ̽Ҳʧ֣ʲôǷ
һҲԸˣ
鰸ֽϴԱ䣬ҵһǽ壬ŭָϹŵļˣȵʵ˴ײ飬Ҳܣô죬˵ô죡
үϢŭһ׳ŵӿڣֻץˣֻҪȫ֤ݣ㲻ǣү
˶ץȥˣβȫ֤ݣʮֲ͵ЦԼüķꡣ
˶˶٣ֻ˵㲻֤ݵġ
ô㻹ȥگɱˣһۣƿȥܽگöԶ𣿡
̧Զ򸮽֮ˣԻУɴگÿջһΣרʣһ֮УҲѡ
棿ɫʡ
档
й¶м
³ǣԲỵүơߵף־־Ѿ
ˣ㸡ֳЦĵ˵ľࣺãɣҶúÿļС͡
¶лү
ȥɡȦڣִӵзҳһĴܼ㣬չ
鷿ڹ߻谵˵ϸϸ
ʮ壬ҵȲôˡżҽУҰĳȡ
-
˸̵֮˶ԶϢ˵䴬ļ׶ˣҶ޴󰭣ֻ׶μ˳ѪһЩԿɲ
ºүԴӻδʱգֳ⵵¶ȷʵϼ顣
㳹׷ȴֻգֻԼ¶űǡ
½ǰΪҪ£ȴֻ˵үʧѪԣֻʮһ棬ӹ
ôʧѪԣֻԴǸ߹лʵϲ飬ֻ̣Ҫǰ꿭ȴʸһһ飬ⲻǸһǸй֮һ
ֻԼҲУǴ½ϴǣαҹ
ȥѡ˰֮ಹѪҩһװ˳⻹ͷһȥԶ򸮣ЩĪڴ
˿£Ժܲóʲôأ


40 
ͬһ, ĺܣǰǴδԶ
£ܽǹžɫ, ǰʿ, δĺ˽ȥ
롣½ǰͷ·ǰԺ޻֮װΣ֮񣬸Կ, Ҳʮ˵İ㡣
۲, ͣ¹ؼ񣬶һҲ, йԺгϵľʯ, ŵŵԺǰ
үѺʱˡ½Ͻǰ, е׺ǰȥš
ȹ룬
̫ҽΪҩ³縲ŲţæȡһԵڵǣ˴, Գ˿
ɴ, ˱㴹ֹ˲ӣ֪ǲǳȥź, ʼƺ, 㿪ʵ֪үΣ
̫ҽ, 뿪˵Ƥ˶, ȴȣǴʹ䴬׶жۣƤ˲Ѫ⼸лֻ½ӿЦҡ
ǣǡ̫ҽͷҩ䣬ԱźӦͣװЦ
ջ˵ģôձˣ
ЩҲүúòѪ̫ҽǱԷ޲ˣ̲סѹɤүʧѪ𣿲˵Ϊ֮
ʮؿԼֻ˵ӽǰ޷һЩ˵
ȷѴۣƹɴǰ޳Ĵ齣зǰ̫ҽҩգҲֻڴ˴
ֻۣģ½Ҳ֪ȥ˺δǰҲ裬ʵʧ񡣡
˵ű齣ȷʵɫ԰ףʲôˮүǺúա
֪Щʲôһ֪޲ԡ˵ЩдܵĻϣٿ˿ڣǷܲɵģҸкתҲϲãȫˣ
¸УʱҲֻЩԶ̡ˡۣ֮ټԵһЩ£ñ¶ϲ顣
Ե£ɵּŹָսһЩ
ȥ㣬𴽽ǣлȴ˾һɱйձҲѷˡ
̧ۿǾ֮ɫܽʵߣ
ȥ䣬ŭָֻ糣رҩã˾ٿν˱Ǯ
ҩΪβɴ࡭
Ȼ֪˼ȻҪһ˳ĺһ»ĸԸԹԵظ£ĵĺûᡣ
ڱģǼкһ򾡣һ㣬ǿ˺⽫ңЩȨ֮֡
дֶ̣δҲ̫Щպ󻹻նĵⴹ۾øĸ˵źá
ߡ⣬Եֶã˴д֮˱ѺگذҲɵֻܻıñȨ
ԴԴһ𻰣½үҩˡ
γѣæΣֻ½ҩֻСϣΰҩӣˡֲ㣬ӣֽŴֱƵĲãǲȥ跻Ϻõൣ
ҲһǸҸ϶ЩçƲò裬˺úѧգдӡ
ټĺԭһλ͸Ҳ
Ҫѧ裬æձ̽ҪͶүΪҵ裬úðˣʲô֮
½ٰݣúСºݣʮ׵عš
ӻ裬õĻǿˡŽСϲյֱߣԼҩ
ⴹյֻĶ
̧ȥյȴǣ˴üַ£ٻյӷ·̵úܣֻܷ֣óʢҩͣһյҩȵʮּѣ̲ס˿ڣ
ү϶в㣬ɡ
²յҩյһһιС
һʱֻóյ죬ŴŨ˫ޣֿǣ޲ҩԶȲźãһͰҲǸ֮¡
ӡ䶯˶
½ĹһӣҸʮȻӣҸҲȥȥп⡣
ֱ̧㶿򴽣ֽӣҸչĳһ飬ԵЩͬĴ͡
ԼδעִӲָ⣬ǰ̷ҩҲˣһʱΡ
񵹾ָҲҶһ¡
֪үϴǺӺɰȡСϣԱү֮衣
ҲֱӣҸ˽ȥǰǰʹãóһϸͷϸ𣬵һСӡ
ӡݣյܱҲ÷ֱ˭ͷֽǻСָӡָ⿴µɽҲձѯֻ轫ｻǱɡ
Ҷϸռǵô̧ۿЦʮϣֱֱ
һʱԣ㿪ڵزܽҰĳ𾡣֮Щʲô
Ҹı㣬ֻ࣬迴¶Ĵ©ǣһЩĸԼ֮£ͬһ㣬ʱҳβźá
⼸ֻſģ⽫С£һǲ½ǰȥ֪
üۣհʱڲʵҡ
ҵչõ뷢ɶˣմѪۿɲٰ˴ⲻԸʱ飬ֻ
ӷģԻ׵á
ӣҪϸϴѹ£źҹҹߡ


41 
ڳв̽, ҲԼķӡ
ǰ˽ڷɻϽҷ˵ҲδʲôͷƽճŴ, ҲǴñȥġ
ƽһҲδִ, ָδţټϽ磬ϳıˡ
֮ǰǲʱͬ, Ҳ, ֻ˵һͬȥ֡
ÿҴδ˴ױ̨ǰʮֱŤؿžеԼ
ǰڱ߽֮ʱ, ŶǵԲ۷ȹ, ˸ӱ䣬ȴ, һۺɫɴȹЬⶼ׺һö飬ǽױҲµι
ôÿȡ˳ΪÿĽθǺÿˡ
ѣһŪˡ
Ԧʱ, ôմȹȴհǰ˺󣿡̧Ϊ϶Ļ, ϵʯķ
ͷЦŰοû¶, ô׶, ߰, ǽճ˳ȥ
-
˽ղͬ, ˽װһĽǶ׹ΣűļȨ˼ҵСӳ㳵С
лƷ࣬кƽ֣ɶиʤڻϡȨǾסķиΪȨ˼ң˴Щ벻֮¡
մһϮʯ˿ȹڭżɫ໨Լӳ۽Өʤѩ
û뵽ⶫиӷõӣֻϵܽǷ紵𣿡ĿϾӡ
˾Ȼø࣬ʱ㲻ں㲼Ǯˡҡȣһͬŷа̬
ǰһĳС㿴ʲô
ֻһλӣһϮ糺ȹŨױĨٸƣͷΣһƥ׺ͷϣۼŵ֯ҡҷţһ·ǰͷλߴʵūΪŮ֮ʱ̷
ڴūȨ˼ūɷ磬óʱū澣ūһ֣в֪˶Ǯ
˵ͷһˣҲֱЩݡ
ƣһȥ?ңңһָ˵෬èÿúء
ðȥĶ
Ȼȥǧ¥ǿǰ꣬˵С
ʲô
-
Ȼ鴫
⣬ű㱻ǰȥŹͣ߹һõĻŽصȣЩ֮
һĵ֯ӳ̨һɾŪ࣬¥Ϲǲʱͣѩһ㣬ƹӳգˡ
ǮǮ𣿡㵱ûмĸզࡣ
Ѿ̽ˣĸ֣䲻ӧȴĸ󣬶֣ʮǧ¥һǧֻΪ̨ɾΪһ
¥ϿҲ̴ָתȣһܽ澫¶ĵˮ㣬˻ȣʾģĽӹöҶӣи

ǸｿСӣļͨȣæ¥˴֣ܿʮһλŮĳ档
գǲҵʹͱСĸЩ֣ʮö飬޺촽ţ֮⡣
Ůɺ޺ҧֱϽγһͬȥ͵㣬̴ҿˣ
¥ɾŮǽߣⳡϷ
̨ɾ䣬۽üҽǷ̽壬°Ͻأ˺ֻǵĿñȥż
ƣɾȻòк̨ǧ¥ľµģҲڴ˵
ЦأŴ˼ӣû֪Ƿͬ޾
̨£زƲϸϸϽϵֱ۶ˣڲ棺
̴ɵȥ֣żࡣ
ʱ¥ڱͽԸأĿλɾٵǽ׶ϣŶλˣˤ˱յ߷ȥ
»ؼǵöҪЩڴ˶档֣ʮҡЦţһ澽ż䣬Լǧһ
̴ɾ˶ĹŮ׷֪
ߣβҡҷ̴ɶĶŵŽ֣ʮż䡣
˿ıӰģ̴֪ɶòһ
Ӵѯ̴ɾÿѮһΣֻ񷽲ǰ㾺۱ǡĹͣæΪ˻²衣
ЦЦ֣ӿǳ£ÿѮҵˡ
ǶȻģ֣ÿֻһأλӷģѹɤ֣ӻбĳҪء
Ǳðˣ»ش̴ɴЩ¶˵Ű⵹ĸҡ
-
ĥĥˣԼҸϰ棬½Ρ
½Գɣǿڵӽհȥ̨ǧ¥֡
ȥǶ̴ֹ
ֻԼˣ̧ͷ½ϣ˵ʲô
л˵
ʲôʱԲôء
ĩһúô壡


42 
ԭЩӲ, ȥ̨ǧ¥ʲ̴ɸˡ
½ϵͷֻ˴йĪ⣬֪Դ
Ŵй, ˽Ͷ, ܰٲǴӱɳǺϳģ̴кι֮
ǲ˴ˣճڣò, Ȩ׷, һǧֻΪһ
һȥ𣿡ԼҲḧ٣αȥǲϸŪ, ɫ, һƤҺƭ
⽫֮Ůһͬʶ˲ѫҵŮɡ
лλ֣ҵʮ½޾ϸ, ʮ־ְ
֣ң̧½һۣת
֣ҲƲǧҪ֮ύȻٲ˽ȥѿⷿͷȡȥ룬йĽ½ֱⷿȥ, , ȥǡ
-
ڸ˵Ҫύ֣ʮ飬˵Ϊ⽫佫оȨΪ֮˶ȥ, һҪغÿڷ, װཻģ
֣ʮΧ, ͬӮһ, ֪òѡƤӣ֣ʮһʣֻԼ죬ã廨һô磬ʮڰ񾩹ŮõķͷֻôûЩʶˡ
ʮǰ飬ųڵøˣһһ뻻ðȹ֣ūǣζУͷ澳Ⱥ
ȴЩ˼ѽɢԼ¶Щѩɫڭϵ˿ĵֻýʯббڼͷڵһŰ棬ɴڶѵ¶ϼֻ졣
ʮȴʮ⣬ƽĿۣʱϻҪŮʱͽȾױݣʵʤա
̨ǧ¥ĹΣԶԶرӭմһҳ
̴ɿпУҿǴλãҪһġʮЩ㾶ֱż䡣
Ȼпգ֣ӿ룬ǽⱸŶŲŵĴƷһǰӵͽ˶һݵż䡣
֣ҽż䣬ɱԵĺ̫ˡ̧ڼ磬һǿǴδ
ʮҡһЦȻҸ̨ǧ¥ӣôҲúúТҡ
Цǽտմ֣ҽĹˡ
ϧ̴ɣȤŮʢŴյһųЩ
̴ɽһϮ米ۣжʱҡҷ׿ü㣬·оһ㡣
ٶɤҲתʮЩʲô
գҪúúͶλóһɨһ̴ɣֽתˣֻǸһ㡣
ڴЦЦ˵˼ȣ˵պЩʲôϸϸѡϣĥٵκ۳裬ǰ֣ʮȤ
ǰƺǰҾ֪Ҫ¶
ƽģҲЩĥʱ⡣˵»Щʮ
ⴺϡ֮䣬һȥβ죺Ľ֣ҽ㣬Ҳֻ˼𣬲ңͷҲ𡣡
ʮЩˣԵЩϲ»رҳҪЩǡ
㵽ʲô÷ӣ˸󣬽۵ؽΪһյֻЩе
ʲô÷ӣֻԸ˫ַϰˡƺմ˾ѩϡ
֣ʮ֧ʵ֪λÿɶ˼ң
һۣóûأҸ游ĸؾ²Ƕұֱ߽ɲͬҶף
ĶĻ⽫ñگǱǶͣʵȨ֣ǰ;úܣ˵ֻ˼²û۾ԼҵĹְگֻЩʲôǶŮң˵˵ϲʲôɾȴύ㣬ֻ֪Ķɶˡ
ҲãֻϣδɾߴٸһЩҲ֣ҽ̹ˡЦһ˵⣬ȷǶ׵ģֻɾ޲Űصÿǡ
֣ʮг㣬ĸ״⽫бȨһ֮ǿٺòˣһһżλֵܺʣžƺΣ˵նЩȥ֮ͬĻ
տ˲£ֻԼ֣ҼЩɲף
¥̨ǧ¥ǰ㳵½ϻ׸ķΣǰ񣺡ӣɾǰӭ
δɻճҲգñԼɾĳȥգԻͻظȥ֣ʮŮҡȣЦС
Ҳͷֻıǡ
Щ糺⣬ŷ磬ɳֲֻ˳ȥ
Ѹȴ֪нǰ㶌ϥͷ·ͷһ㣬ֻŴݸɬ
΢ȣ˫Ǿ֮ɫΪҴ̽ʵʮࡣ
л˵
ҼֱǴִͷ
ĩģ


43 
ⷽ˼յ, ͷ磬ֻ⳵С, æ˲͸͸
Ϧ, Ȳشӳ˽䲽ҡԾ˸˸Ĳʹ⣬Ů
Żǰƺδ˴˳ɻЮ, ߬ϵ, ֻҪƲҪϳƽ, ϱһֽ״, 涨ԶȨı˽ôµ»
޶ֻܹоز, С΢⸮͵ȹǴδġ
üȾ飬Ϊһյ裺Щգɢ
ӹյԵһĨۣ֬ү֪Ϊ֣ʮύ
ȻΪҿ಻, δл뵽·Ц, Ϊһյ衣
̧ۿΪЩ, ҲЩѩ
үǰ, ʲôҪ£
Ҫ, Ŀڲһ, ֻ֪ӽύ֣ʮķƲظЩ
˵űָԼԷŵĽϻѵʱһߣЩǿдŵΣǰյطţӣҲﾡá
ȴæֵӰ±ǣΪ裬ǳﱸźá
ͷ裬δǶĸɫʯ񡢽֣ʮǰˣٲЩҲ̫֪ŮΣֻãɺԿɡ⣬ֻȰ¡
˵ͷʣ̨֪ǧ¥̴ɣʲô֮
ֻΪ̴ɴֲ̽㶼꾡˵˸
գǰǱûķ֮ӣʱ˽̷ֹǰЩ̨ǧ¥ա⼸ֻʮ׷̴һ㣬Ŵϲý˸
вٹŮԸΪҷѽʮ֪Ľ⣬ʱȻŮĵٸ
Ӽͷ䣬ǣ˵պٽ֮׻Щ֣֮¡
ϳǣȴԼ֮ʱδ̽ϸǱ̴ۡ
-
Ž츮ǰ׺ֽȥ
ڳ˵һ֣ʮƽǮϸԼĪ֣ңǴϰ
Ϊδµ۷ϽǸֻ֪ݴʷϱ͢˽ױУԱδ裻ǰλһͬʮеĴ󽫾䲢δ밲ףȴò
֣ʮ֮ˣǱȥ̽ˡ
̫辡ؾˣ֪Ϣλȥ
дţ˳ﱸ£ѰŻڻʵǰ̫ʵۼ֪Լǰҩڵʱ⣬ѩָտɴӡ
-
⼸ֻϻӣӸԼޣ첲ӣͷװǺ׺⣿
ͷŵʵʵĽԵǼᣬ³ٰ֮ۻǡ
׺ȡ˱īϻͷһֻϻӱ˿۽硣
ϻΪףڷŵһ֦ӣĿϺǶһգµĶԲԼŽɫɺΪΣʯǶ񹤾տǴϣ𶼿ɼȥյ
öʮɺ׺ΣҲ
ڶֻϻӱһװԵ̳ɾģᱡ͸⣬óοУʢɫļظǾޱȡ
μ¼ᣬֻ䱦ȡ౦黨ڡȵȣ಻׵Ļ䣬̶ֱλŮҲдˡ
ֻϻӱǻδĥ赺͸ɫʯһϻӽ
үƸ˲ɣ鿴Ŀ࣬ĲƲ
ѹˣԶĸȷʵ˴ߡ
׺˵˼Լһ£ֱӿڵЩ˿˵ɶǺˣ
ˡ׺񽫲ӷһīۡ
׺ȡЩԼӴһϣɣ֣ʮҼ֯粣ұ֣ʮﴢáĥ֣ʮĻǰͽŮҲͨŮʱ磬ĳϣ˶ҪϴʮӲǡ
ʱ֪ںͷᣬҲøţ˼ڳоٶ
ЩҶСӣҲҪһһǧĸˡգȴȸԾǰҲδ˴ִţڡ
ӣһ¡׺Щֻϲ⣬˵ƽ⼸հ˻Ϊڿ죬ǳʲô¶
ڽǰױᶯأŴǣֻл¬λ
-
ԼУɫݣۿſϵİƽ򸾡
򸾶̴ҾǻȻ֪
ֻ߰գ⵵£ѱ÷ȥˣʱ˻ǽɨء
ⲮǱ˸ϳȥģԸŴּ֮˾ռߣɵҪЩ棬˵¶ĸ˱޵ݣֻܴҴҳѰס£δҲ̫ȫЩ
֪ˣδ֪
ֻູ߳߬Ĩϣ̽ſڣ֪ƽǰ費Ҹϳȥģǡ
˿һƬȰ֮ģΪôõԵھлǱҪߣ˵Ҳ˺ƭҡʮֲţֻеࡣ
Ǻã
ĶǺģæðƽҲ˵Щ
ƽһʱҲûӣֻܰ̾˵լ֮£Ϊ棬һÿ֪⣬һ뿴ϡ
һҧܲ˵ػ˵֪ǵϱԭ̫ĵŮ̫ʦСŮΪ߹ȴ佫֮ŮƽΪƲҡ
ҲΪģʮͷٰܹƷ޶ˡ
ּ˼˵ʱѹ棬޶
䲻֮ǵϱյҷˤ֣ҪҪҲû˷һˣ̰Ĳ㡣
˴ΪھΪ׼ױԴ˰ǵģȴû뵽ֱ˲Ʋֳȥ˵㲻Ⲯš
һۣǲţҼҷϽ̳ܽŮ
ϽĹ÷ɿ죬ʰΣż˵ֻһŮԲŷ⽿Щ
ǲţȥʣǲŮŮ˫ۺףȷʵУָǰǲӺȴЩŮԺ͸Ǵñף治
¶˳һÿ߰˷ֻ֣˵ԭˡ
Ī˵Ǽ¡Ͽ޹һּţһֻŮ˳졢²ģ
л˵
ĩ֣()
۸ǷС


44 
밲ƽĻʮƽھ, ˵ҲûʲôģΪһЩоԱףǲǵòʧ
Ԥ, ϴǰӲһ, ЩΣȴǰɵģֱصĴ׺顢˪ѩλŮ, һǳȥ˰ƽ
ڳ, մһźɫ˿ȹᱡƮ, ɫˬص, ƽһʩһ֬, ԵЩƵġ
ƽҲʣӯţӹ¼ӣЦҲˣ֪ӭǲӭ
Ůź񣬽ϻ۾סˣֻܲͷЦôǲŷָЩ, ϲˣ
ϻ, ˷׷ײĿǲ, æӭ˽ȥ, ϡ
, ݺ, óЩ˼Ҵ͵ͬͼѣǰȥݼϷˡ
ҷҲԺУ·곤̵ʱڹױԺʮ֡
Ůˣĸĸˡɤˮׯ򳤱밲
ϷʮָˣԭΪŮˣæŮŲĸ㣬Щӿɺãȣ
лĸһĸ׽ӱǰ벮ĸһٺ͸λǼϷߡ
ϽմһȹЦˣЩӡǰЩӵоŪȥãҷȻҲãѾͷʹЩʲôӣ
ׯ壬λǽ̸ʱ󷽣Ҳٺòģǲ֪ὫôõֶŮϳȥӽվܲǰӣýϲ£ؿνʮֿ󣬵ȷǸŮɡ
Щˣ׺飬׷ԸúĶϻŮظĸЩ
ϻĸҲˣŮⱸܶƣóˣá
˿ĸɲ̰ЩģӲ˵˺Բ㲻ˣ
һ׽յ
⻺ϷͷüЦֱŮТ˳ҲͷǸŮɣ޲ԼŮ
˵Ϸ˵ЦһתֶϣֻƵķ
ְĸʵֶ࣬Ů˰ڵӣôõѩΣ⽫ϻǰýĸƣѩοƯˣ볤ǱȲĸǰҰĻҪã
ž岻ѣԴԼǰѩв
Ů̽ƣĸƽָҹǰƣҲ۾Ҳ֯ɴ͸⻹Ե벮ĸÿٺòġЦӯӯ·λǰТһ㡣
ǻ𣿣
ָ׶ģȴֲıҷǰ¶˱Ŀֱǰڡ
һΪ׼Щ񣬻벮ĸһͬĿա
Ͼܾ˪ѩǰϻԭǺүҵͷ棬ɵ̫вձ軨׷»񡣡
ĸҿ񣿡⣬˿ˣеǽã˵ҪлĸΪ˺õķ
ʮְңҼãƽλΡʳУϲ˼ȫǲĸõأ˫΢죬һлϵģȴǽϵӶˡ
ϽŴǣǸͷ档
滪쳣ʮʮĳ̹վտơ˫ȫĵǼͼͷĺʯ觶飬ֱҪϹۣ
Ȿ¶ģⱾ ⱾΪȢʵҷģɽƵĸ󣬶ˣ
ջԼǰҫ
ͷ޵õѪƫƫʲôˣñУֻЦֻǿǰҴ󸾵ӣҪסŮĴϲ֮ϳ˲ӣ
ʵˣ񣬽̲ĸ޵ݣϵЩȴֻһȰ裬¡ٿЩˡ
ϸЩڵһδɻ飬ҲĸѧЩͯ˴Ҳףã벮ĸָ㣬кβ֮
ڷǶϸﶼʵ⣬һֻΪԷǣɱǧٱ
ϻӣЦӯӯߵǰĸƣҵΣ
ѹɤֶŮֻһӣϤҪӲ֦ܿɢҶкŮĸףӤƤϸۣһҲܾó벮ĸ
òٺģδ˵꣬һƷ޿̣۾һ˽Уֱ˼ЩײϺͷĻ
һӼžλ˶ˣŻúõģôⲮ˾ͶˣǾµС·أλһ뿴Ե
ֻСӷ·еĻ˫ֽĿڣɫ԰ףϸӰǱŵúˣδҲʮЩЩķϱ˷ֻСؿڣĸôˣ
ͷλŮæסᣬҲƵվϷԡ
Ϸæοֻһ˫ˮᣬֻۿŵСʮԼⱻ̣
Ǻ⣿ϷѹɤϣǷ
æסĸ֣ǲĸ⼸æú̫ƣۣŮްĸҪԼĻˣһӦ糣
Ӱ۽ǣȦͮͮǿջЦĸ񣺡ŮȥԺпһŻеæء
ڳˣҲֻԲϷ˵ͷߵ˪ѩʰˣһͬȥԺС
һԺУ㷿ֲֵˣĸ벻ˣЩȥĸա
ֻ̾ͷظĪҪ˻֪
ЦŵͷĿԶȥһתһ顣
ڮԼԼǰһǴµġ
-
ʼʩԵԺһģֱ޵Ͻζһȥ˻·ܼǰʡ
¸пտգȵֶڷЩϲϡ
һõʮֳ죬ҡȣʩʩȻǳظȥ
л˵


45 
ۺл, ڳͤͤţЩ׵ķ̣, ˮ
, ǳе
˵껹ܺó𣿡̧Դ׺ȴ׺˵š
½ζһ׺񷽽ⷿвˮŲ, , ͣҲ޷
ɴ׺Ӳһ㿴ϵ֧ɡڷͤ
Ц, ֻ˵СЩ
ܹͤŵĽֻ, ȹڶմˮʮֻϲؽڵ⿴
˴, ͣҲٰбʣЦҡͷ㰮ԣ׺ȥȥ
ҡͷԵҰӰԡ
˵űϲˣ
ŽЩʲô֣ʮİ֣ǽ, ³̨ǧ¥̴, λʢ¥ڼó轣ĺĵϲ
Щһͬ棬ȴֻ֪ļҹŮòɾй, δʲôϵܵˡ
µ׵Ļ϶ҪϸĲǡ
бԼе, ǰЩѩŨ¶, ŸڶĶ, Ҫ֣Ҳö౸Щҿˡ
תһ룬ǲӦóЩʽֻټҲһϡΪ
ֻʮֿУż¼ȥӣźƺˣǮǲӶġ
бŵѰøһ¡
ǰ밢ﲢһ㸸׵ϢҲޣֻǷŵõϢǲȥ̽ȴһǸһ㡣
Ҳϸ׵기ˮȴ鲨ߣز⣬Ҳֹܲ밢ѰҸס
һλʧĳ͢Ա޻޶СѰôмҲأ
ϣǲȥˣ˳״ؾǣһžۣҲò̽ⱳ󾿾˭ڵ
Сˡ
ͣ٣һ顣
ЩӴĺĿãദ֮µģΪ档
ʱҲ١
ųءгǸʶ㣬нıòʮֶʤ·ĻĻǰ
˼ϲҲʮͨ񡭡
ǰʶǰ㡣
üʼϵī黬䣬ֽ䦿һīۡ
һʼ˵ˣǼԼΪ½Լ˾أϾиҪҪɣһһδؾҲδΣҲƯ֮·ġ
ţװ鰮ģǵӦ֡
˼ĪЩ⴫׺ͨȡµֱ֣ӽŵֽȼŷֲ֪бд˺üš
ӣԶˣڸء׺
Ҳ
գգֻۣա
-
Žմһ̵֦Ĺ۷һǳ̰ɴۣɢӨһºͣʳУֳɡһԺֻһˡ
׺ˮУпʮˬһż޵̴֮
ò㣬˽һԵĶ𻰡
ŴΪ裬һһ·𶼾ƹüۣ羱޳ָ⣬ÿһʮҲ
ʳУӣյɽϣһյõɽǰЦ˵ߣӳ
յԣƳ˾Σʢŷۺõɽϸ黨ϣʮŨĲ档
꣬үβͣʪЬٽӹŵϸСףȳһڣô˵ɼţĵ׻ǿĵġ
ֻЦζΡ
õɽʵζ㣬ȴ˿ûпɬζ㴼·Ϣõ
˫ֻɽͷ
żЦŴͷԼҲܽ鲻ϣγϸĻУҲ
ùɽ̧ۿڣҽһ档
Сףʾ˵
д̵ˣ类گ֮У˶
Ǳ¶֣ͬҲ˶һ˹ǲ޶֤ˡ
üگܻȥӦ
ҡҡͷСյ죺ݳһ䣬ÿͳʳʱ¶ñײű¶
¶룬Ǹĵġ
һʮԼ¶ӣһв¶ڼ̧ۿţǷųϢ˵˸ˣЩھвأ
ϸֳЦ⣬Ӣͬ
⿴һۣɽүг㣬αң
ٲͣɾҪˡﲹһ䣬Щӣ̴ɱȼҶ̴࣬ɵҸòЩĶȥˣ
û뵽ȹֻֻǲǡΪ˽ύ֣ʮô˵ҵġ
⿴ɫݣͣ٣ֲȥΪ㣿̽˭ڰйᰲ
ԭΪҰʵܳ˰ңιȥ
ԣΪԼδ˵ֱ꣬Žӹ
ԭΪ˿̴ɣǲ֪ʲôãҲգҿôãҲÿЩʵġ
һʱ֪˵Щʲôֻһ˫۵
ЦŲһЦˣģǲֶŰᰴ಻סȥǡѡʿʱ̵ıҵʿ١
ǻ̼׳嶯֣ʮһӦҡ
л˵
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46 
֣ʮ, ڽ۳һ㻭ҹŸŮǻʻ, ϲʵӳ, С̻ڳеȼӳý۳һ㡣
ڲ׹أϸ裬̷ֹ輧, 绨
ŮǸ, ֣ʮΧλɾһһ, ̷, ġ
ֻһ, Ʒ͵ƵģʮǱ߶˵Щʲô
ģҰͬѫְҽ󽫾յӣߵ
ǱҺô֪£Щ
ͷʣ, ϵ½ӣ
˳ȥ, ½֣ʮ࣬, ȥЩн, ͷһرƵ, ⻪Щ롣
ϵ, ˽ֻٿǱߵĶ
½ӣǽձֵģα˾н֣ʮΪƣЩʮ£ζɴǲаٻ
ǰ½ӣԺһӽãյƣŲźýġʮһۣҲһȰơ
½ϴЩӣ˫յڼвƣһɫͨˡ
֣ʮڴЦ˹ģһλ飬ò廨֮࣬ϡ
ã½úú档
Գ֣ʮҪ󲻹ԼҵıȨһȻ̫ϸ
ȹɢ΢ǣҡս羱һҩۼ价ɴ֣˼
ѰңⴽЦһͬǰ
λ½ӣ½˵СŮ֣ʮ֣˵λ佫˼ҵڱ߹أһٴЩɳǼڵķ顣
½Ӻãȥʮ¼ǣ֪óƽ㻹áƮƮ½ʡ
ԭҸ£ϸóһòǡ½ƺϲֱſͣ
½ҽ㿴ⲧ̨ΣŮ廨Сͷֻˮʢһ̺ĲذɻҶбģó͵˲ɹ״֧ˮϸ򻨰꣬ʵǸˡ
½ӷҶ꣬ޣ֣ʮ½ӵģһܡ
ˣڼżλŮǰʮ
֣ӽտɻ񣿡ΪŮչֻڳֹǽÿ˼
ԭ֣ʮ
ƷˣٱҸȻҵĺá
Цϸϸ˼óʽ֧֣ҵ˼ңҲֻ˳˿ĸˡ
֮˼·ף֣ʮŽ̤ϯ䣬λͬ֡
ֹˣæᣬ㱭
ѷʢŮϯ裬ŮǾٱ֣ʮͣٱȴ߬סӣҪһͬ衣
⿪ڣ㱻֫ת
Ůɣôི˹ĽҲѲźÿ
Щƣȴֻ˳˼һͬ迪ҡҷֽҪƺȵ˾䰲ģĿ֮Ľչ䣬ѻ죬ͷоҺˮڵƻԼ˸
֣ʮһ迪æһյ
һϣⴽһɣطһ죺þѣͷεúܡ
ŷԼĻæסڴߴҹ硣
֣ʮδˣԵŮ
˴ŲᣣСˣ糺챻£ֶЦЦްֻװͷΰˡ
˵ˣΪвʣ죬ѹɤ˵ʲôյһ㡣
ⰲοЦЦǽտջķᣬϣ㲻ƽˡ
ָ˴ϷɴᣣԼϣҹɫŨˮ̻ؽ𲨣篴ɫӳС
Щ֣ʮҹ֣ᷳѣӣԼˮеӰҡ׹Щӣִһҹ磬ͻȻȥһˮ
ǰ㣬쳤ȥˮǵӳ𣬼米һضӨӨѩɫ¹һɴһǻ£Ƭɫ⻭̫ߣָôˮ棬ŵһѽק˻
̺ĴǶ˵ްֽ
ֻţ⻭Сۡ
ͣŸҳƻʣ·𿴼ǳݲ¶°ڣȥֳϤݡ
ЩˣǽǰǸǧɽˮ⻹һϳǾ߲ʵңӳӣǰ
˸˼쳾ңң֪ϦϦ
-
һգ֣ʮɼλ澴ӵţһҡصԼ
ܻȥˣԼҳݣǳһı°۵ţסֻȾޢ֣ȷԼߣֽӣݸ
ղزһԣҳµµ֮ʱ˿ڡ
Щɺã
տǴ񡣡
Ų׿ֻ˵
֣ʮ½˼ӣҽ󽫾ŮɡӿҡΣ롣
ɽżңҡ
סĺԣЩۡ
С֣ҵĲƲ˳ڸ̸ϣǼλ˸
ȻظúϢܣǸ˵ǡ
У⽥֧Ųסżͷȫ˸ɾ
˵˯ȥˡ
źͷһ̲ס߬ԼڣҲҶһ¡
¯ϲˮѷУţȼܰ⣬һϵңֻ䷢żܰ㡣
ͷһأ׽޹ģǲܿصطЦ⡣

˯ˣûеõӦ
ŻףȥͷŵŮɡ
ǶȣܿޣСɱǼ⣬оµѩٿȡ֯ڼͷ
·ҪٳһЩͺˡ
⿴Ŵʱ⣬գۣСؽĶǡ
ҹ˸ˮ֪ŲǻӿһƬ쳾ֻһŶΪ۳ˮĵӰӳԼУ֣ˮǰĸԸش
Żƿ糺졣
л˵
ٺ٣׶ͷҲ=3=


47 
ӽ۳ػذַ·ԭ˽, ͣżͷ˯ʮ𣬻Ҳѡ
ʱ䲻ͣڴ˰, , СָһıǼ⣬ȴ棺ӣǵˡ
ʱջ, ÿ˯, ̧Ժȥա
ֻ̧ۣů, Լһ̰˯Ļ, ⶨԶƺ߬°ڲԸɿ
Щ˼, Լ˾ƣͻɾ֪ӾѺ֪ηӦء׵˾ǣԸȥΡ
ҲԼڻ߬ţ㲻òָ߬ýŪ, Ŵ, ̵һһָһչ, ˳ǰҲûܽڳ
, ȴϲ, ֻԽڻ, Ž
ǷһᣬӰãǼϤĳ̴
йһ⣬̧һضӲһͻбѩ׽֮£Ҳˡ
ֻţ̧èǰš
㰡
һзУҲ֪Ƿ˵˿ڣֻԸף΢죬Щ㡣
ѽôҲܼ
⻹֧Ųס˯ȥˡ
λ͸й񣬱㽫̧˸У̤ʯﴹĦԼľ䣬·𷽲ŵĳϢд棬ְ־˳ʱֻ̤¹⣬߻ظȥ
ԭ̬಻סЦ⣬ʮֽϡ
ջ͸磬ɴҲסʲô֮ʱȻҲһһϵסֻ˶
ҹҲʮֿɰͣöڣһ·Żظȥ
λҡҷѱԡͰŽ˾ҿ£һһӦϣˮ뵣ҹ˵Ǽ
½ƽտҲȽᵳӪ˽֮£ƽն鳯ּ⣬گ֮£˵Ǹ˴ķ㡣
ˣλã谲֮һΡһְжֻҪʵ۰ͷһⵯⱲҲͷ
ǼϽƲĸ̣вȨƾġ֮ڰֵıپ
ųָûԡͰԵɫ
ķӺ·ȻҲУֻһؽ
׵ƣ罫ƾͼƣΣҲĴǣȲҪƹλźá
أȻ̧ۣ·ԼϹŵѩԵһĨǳ죬̧ûп
ǺҼ⣬ǷŵǴ
֬Ǵ죿ŲˣֻϸȾЦ⣬ֻϣӹٿһЩ
-
һҹߣʱƵʶ
žЩʹ׺ڶΪ
ӿͷۣҹӳ˾ι׺ЩȤµϲ⣬ЩգұԡȽһЪϢҲɷЩ
ͷֻǻδӦ׺Ϊʰ
齫ȥģһͬϸϸˣϼöɫŴůһǳ
ðձȥԡһԡͰ滺֫ٺͷҲЩ
׺Ż¶ˣʣӣǺүʱǸƸ
ջͷ֪ǲ컹ǽţΪʣ
鶼ҹӻظ·ϱ˯ˣ׺ϲͣϹȻЦ˵һ·ںүͷ˯ģ³Ҳء
ɫ죬ֻ᣿ڲģ
׺˵ʱڲƭң˵³ʱק˼ҵڲϷţүûӣֻֽΡ
û뵽Լƾ㡢㲻
ͷ˻ˮͻȻ뵽ҹΪţˣ
ǰսĲȥš
羱ҹϣȻܵһͬ˵УƫƫΪװֻڿ֮£ȷʵǱ
УλԴ˼
ҵĺܣϲ𣿻Щʱնװ׽ͷ
׺ūүʵλɾӣǶȥˣӵΣ
ǰδɾĸ飬֪Ǻãⳤ̾һԡͰü˼²ȥʰҲף˼ǰֻм˵ѩŨΪˡ
Щʱȥ޸ݰѩŨ⼸տйңԴѩŨɻֻصΣ½»޵ۣǷ㣬ҹҲȥ
ǣһЪұȥ
-
ѩŨЩȻͣɻٺȥֵ޼Ů̸Ц֣ĸ»飬˵Щٽ֮иҲࡣ
ӣ㵱ػ˵ձɣҪܴ޼Ů⡣
˻ţʰƵ֮С񣬵ȹ޸ѩŨҲɣ޸ŮҲɡ
ڶһ磬ѩŨԼɾϳǰΣ㻶ϲϲһ޸޷˴ȰҲѩŨʧӣЩʽı⣬˿һСȥ
޼ŮҲʮֺÿͣһѩŨԺ֣Ů˵Ȥ£СգЪβѩŨ˵ЩԺǧϣһʱǰ㡣
Ө͸ۣ֪ʮ˳ģŽ˵ŮҵС
ɴɺã׿ԴЩȤζ
Ժ𻰣ͷֵԺУŮͣ˵ͷȥ鷿Լ˵˫˸һ㣬
ѩŨǴЦȻҺãÿֵЩҰԵֵ㣬һͬΡ
޼ЩԺֵ¶⺬ЦĻҲ˼
ҲʱΣҲʲôޡ
ֱüЩԺȱǴԼ˺ƭǺá
Ҳ˵壬Ϊһüǰµٺ»һӦҡ
ⴹֿģϲʲôģ
ѩŨЦҲ˵ãʱЩʲôģʱʱ־úܣǣҶǡ
⿴ɫһ䣺ֻҪǧҶ˲ˡ
ǰ㵣ǣ±ȫ»ۣϲһˣĻ˻ûʧ
ɴ׺ЦвԾĦϻӣ˳ȥ
ʮıԼ鰮֮£ҲײʲôϾѩŨԼҲһ֪⣬Щ¶δء
л˵


48 
ȥǻگ¶ʿж, һֱӰҾŵþ棬Ҳδ, ֻ˵Ų֪ͷ, һͷҪگǲʣ겻ѡ
չǰ֮䣬¾ϧˣѵ֪С鷳
Žһر˽ȥһ, 졣
ʱ, Ƿм׹ѵһŮ, һ˷Լɣ
߬µ, ͷɰӡǱģ壬մָĺ, ȡµֵȼţߵ¡
ֽȼ˾ͷŻȻƲ֪һ㡣
鷿ǰλţһ筺۷Ц롣
ү˱׿ϣպڹаۻ, ʱŮɶḰ, үǰҲÿοﰮ֮ġڼ̷, ȻҪؼ֡
ֽ߬, Ȼ֪, ۻ粢ͻ, ΪԼѡġ
¶ЩЦ⣬Ǻݴʷ֮ŮΪҽ󽫾֮Ůϡ½֮ŮΪǿ׵ˡ
˴£ٽЩԼҡżҡҵŮһӽЩ楡˵ģⶼʮӵķ͡
֪ˣĸźǵĹڼһ汾ЩȥЦڼЩƲ裬˿Ϳͳȥ
鷿ع鰲ֽҵֻڱϴϴСͭպŨī۱ϴдЩīϸСͲС
ʹֶΣȻҲܡ
-
ʲôۻ磿ʲôۣѵһȥ̫ҺۺɻɣǸѡԼͬҲӣԼŮպ빬磬ӣѰ߿ࡣ
Ҳȥ죬ݵߣҰģıҸϵıȨ˭Ҫ硣
ֻ⽫ջؾ޿£ΪԼ粻ϣ˵ʲô佫һ治飬ɫһ˸ɾŴŮ֣ӧһó뻯˵͵ŮǴˣҲš
ȥֻŮź£
û뵽Ե˼һ࣬ҲǺڲƭŮɡ
ֻô£ˣ㲻ȥҲáļ簲οĪҪ̼
װΣ˵ȥκһʱʧ˺Ŀƣסʡ
˵׹ֱ˹ȥܸ磿
С
Խ˵Խ𾢶һͷķӣŲʧЦæ뿪Щ
ôԼкװҲûݵķѽ֣Գһ
ۻ磬˵Ųû㣬һűΣ
˵ֵ˾䲻ף֮ǰ֣ʮͬʱʻ¶ڶ
ĳϣȥ˳˹իأҪºܻ
̧ۿ˵ڳڵĴȶ𣿰»˱ﻵġ
ЦҡҡͷֵʵۻȥһҲûʲôֻмȱǡⰲĲѡΪֻƾܱɡ
ûʲôʼǿŮ޵£ʵڲôұŮɳɻ飬ʷҲǰ衣
ƽֻ࣬˵
ִߣѽ֣ʮǱҲŮύ֣ңⰲѡɲǸ𣿡
ӡ½ӼˣζǰȥǺβЩʲôĿƣʲôüƲߣŮǸǧò˫ȫⰲ֮λֻһǰڵĹŮ˭Ը
뿴ⰲ£ĸȨ𣿡
˫۷ЩϷˡ
Ǳҵģۻ绹ȥգˣٽϸ߽㡣룬¶ͬ˵˵գҲҲӡ
-
ԴմظҲֻǲǷͷۣһҩȥ¿ݽӣеʮ־ϲ
ԼҲѰˡ
ǵ飬˵ҹпУȣȥǻҶԽ
һļϣżϦ£ǣʮӭ˵Ѱ˼ɾ
ⲻ֪ǴȹѣǷԺлźãű㳤һ죬һ˫ֱȲϡ
΢죬ƳһԴͷЦ飬ֻÿڵү磿罫ҵǣһһ
Žս˫ַǰЦҽΪǻȥǡ
̧ͷ貽Ϊһɴ˫ڽһϦпԼĵӰ
ӡϲģ


49 
Ų, һǰһڷдУɫҲ, ӹյ, Ҳǵ㣬ӳ˼ӡ
ǰͷΪǣıӰͦ, ĳ, δᣬҲ, ЩĪĬ
ˡŻعͷ, һ˫ʢܽǵů⣬, ֽȽɳҵĻҶԣ
Է⣬̧ͷƣҡҡͷ˵˾Ӧδ
ŽղƴǰǰѡЩ꣬˴СЩȴʮָɾ, æӭ˽ȥ, ϵȥǡ
λڴ˴ɺãЩʲôһɾ棬Ц˵»ҶԺʱ, ǵһ, λ˲糢
ſ, 㿪ڵͷһ, ǻӢҶա
ãǽұһüչҪ뻱ҶϺӽͷѡЩůθ
·Ը˵ۻ¶
һλ˼ҿɲҶǰڵȨǽЩжɲǸʡЩ
ŵͷʾ˵
˵ңƷĸ߹١ձȨǲڲ֮λ½ɣεĿܣʱǳָ֧ԸŮһλأ
֣ң֣ĸңôѡһλӼ밲ȫ֣ҫ
գգִۣսЩ˴αҲۻӣ빬ڸӶߴԷ磬ǲã
ЩЦ⣬ǲ϶ЩҪֵζ
ȥЦ⣬ЩԼıϣ԰ϸϸ˵
ֻһǰȥֻ̫ЩЩǳǸ֮ˣǲ
绹кüգǵ޷Ķзӣ㲻ܳɹҲЩ¸̣˭֪պʱſʼʹأΪһյֱߡ
˵Щʲô̫ڣ㣬ΪҪٹ𴽽ǣֱֻǡ
ż棬˰֣ҲЩģӿΪͼıգ⼸ҧһë
شæû뵽Ҳ۶֪ʹɽۻ㽿ʵǿ
飬֪ⶺʮֽ̧°ͣǣұ㻵ӣǰЩӻǲĸ϶˺ôүˣպүﲻҵ⣬ҿҲҪʹһƲߵġ
ĳ֮£ӾܷЦžյĳպ󶨻ΨǴӣ᲻ӵ⡣
Ц΢գ˿αڷŵЦзֱ治ֻͣһ˲Цݾյʮŵյһ
ɣĶḷ̌ϷһĻҶԣˣλ͹ãʲô¶ܷԸС˱ǡ
ʱ㱻ˬȥ˫ۣǷ˳֥飬Сסǣգϲź
ϻŷ۰ϺӣԽһܣһʵѵõζ
һ˴֮Ϊֹ˻ͷһ
ߢƬ𽪣ڿ㣬ֱɵСʳãһ࣬ҶθҲ̹Щ
˴μȽ˵˸űظȥ
½ǣţ˲ڷм䣬֡
ƸʽʵƣﶩŹ˿ӯŵģǰҲƵġ
˶껹ءƣֻЩ֡
űֿЦ⣺ϦϦ۵ϰףȻ̼ǰðҲ͡Ҳʮ֣ŮǰٲҪЩ
ǰιϦ
⵹ˣ˵Ҳֱֱ뵽ԼҲƥӣҪЩһʲǣŵѯһʱҲδع
ϦǰڲͶĽһͬ´룬һҲ棬ǰһԺ㰸벷ɡ
۾ֲҪܽǵµ֩룬ֺ֯ãôҲǵɵġ
ıûʲôˡǰĸʱŹ۵ԸʧٺҲûȥ
֪Ϧţ֯Ůᣬ˼ͬ紵ִֹյýЩ
Ȼ֪ҲҪ𣿡Ȼ֪ȴЩΡ
ǰ׽߬Ӳ֣һΪΡģһײĵģ
ɫģֻʮ֣صصͷȻϦҹΣ˱ʮֲ˼飬¶ڡ
ǵ¶ⲻǰգ룬ͷӦˡ
а£ǧҪ˲ǡŻҪװģضһ˵ЩۻһӦԻǰ档
л˵
֣۵Сף˳쿪ģ


50 
½ۻֱԼҸ׵鷿, ׽ֻйƽȤЩ֮Ů顣
ֻҪһչ, ʫ빫ֱͬǡս, ϼ涷ޣΪ˲밲ۣü밲Ϊڽ֦ͷ, нȸ
й̫ȥ, ȥ˲⣬мλвʮ, ˿, ̫֮λ·ǰ֮һ㡣
֪˼ȴ֪ԼΪԮ֮, ƽƵ
ϣС˵λӾǼ֣ʮİãѡŮ䰲Խùȥ
ѵΪʸԸԼΪ
ֻһλ֪ĺɾ, ٰü, ͷϣջڶ֮, ȵҡ
Լ˵ʮֶ, в, , ӦúһλɾΪҺúõСӣΪԵŮӷԼķǲռɾһģһ߽ҪҲա
½Ӷ˶񣬽鷿븸׳顣
ףŮո磬δŹݡű⣬ǿŸס
½飬˻Żعͷ
ҪŮ밲𣿡ˣҲΪ֮½¶ݣͷ½ǰһ֧ܷݲеĻ˼ײǲ֪뽫ԼŮ࣬ŮƾֻΪ檶ѣ׹𣿡
ʮеңʱһһҹǰͷǶˣǵСŮ븸۰ҲҰա
½ӳ½˼֣֮̾ɼֻһŮˣܡ
Ϊ˳ڹҵҵ㡾ְأûгͷ֮գ̲ס½ˣһ˫ԼĸףԭУŮҲӹٷѡ
㲻Ϊ⣬˴Ρ
ԭ֪ҪԼ檡
׾Ͳ£Ǵ˴ζĴˣȫ𣿡þᣬЦĻ£ҾӦ
-
ҹ磬ѩŨмλСһͬɣ׵ư£ŸŵԼ
ѩŨ֪ӺδѰһ֧ƿͨƣпգעˮʻڣϳ
֧ױ¥ϼߣϸϸƿУķ١
ƣÿͷҲã΢飬˲ˡѩŨҡʮƣһȦһȦֱɴŮʲջ˸š
⸧޷Ц˵ȥɿưգл֧ʮϲ
ѩŨЦżüŪۣȹԼҷȥҲ
Ҳ׷׸ȥֵģҲͬɾ䶫еģֻʣһ
ҹ貣ֱ˿ۣ׺˳ŷлУǰȥѰӰ
ӵϰ㻨һȱ㽫紵Զƣ̲ס߱ţһԻѡߣʰ쵣ǵԾ˸
ŸʽĵŲ棬˹ȥɽؽ֯ţ¥ｻ̨ǧ¥ˮҡҷʮɫŽм貵Ĺ⡣
ںδأ
̻ˣһԵĺͯקԼ׵ڣԲ̵ָͷֱա
Ҳ̧ͷȥȼͣŮµмӳ˼̻
ˣŴһưۣ֣ǹ²׿̻
ǷڿŻعͷЦʱ۵ӿһһϣ˵Щʲô
ӣδյۻխߣǰţ·δůɫһӿٱһ߽̻ţɫӳУ׹䡣
ֻ⳾˼ͣˡ
ɫʡ죬㶼ɫǣŨ壬һϸܹס
źֻӭǰЦס֣Լһֱĺɻ
ˡϲãǣס·ԣö˱˳ײɻƺÿ𣿡
ŵ˫УŻع૵ϲ
ֶ˶٣ÿˣһ·ҲδͬģǻӢԼ𣿡
ͷֻս֣һȥر߷ŵơ
һ·˵ۻ⼸ҳĶ½ӲԸްһҪⰲ֣ʮϾǱãһԸ¡ҡżңи㣬Ƕ밲ˣֱҲûּ£ǰҲͷء
ʮֺãţﶷܲơļͷĺǳײ
һùŰߣ֦ҶïϵǧУҹůУļϵһرŮźӵƣһյյţӳȹڡ
ңſо繵⡣
Ǻб紵һӹޱߣҫĿǰ»ʱǰ㡣
źͷ˶˴βûгɣְ޷ȴ᲻ջȥֻḧգָ̧һŷ档
ڷƣٱߵķױ¥ҲȲһŷ潿ޡ˫üȴҶһķᣬ٣˭ڴˣǼС̣ͦϴδ֬Ĵ
Ŵ̲סȥö֭ˮӣҡ
ֻձγѡǰλɾ˿٣һʱĿ˴ߣͬر˱޶¡
̻ٴվ˰벽βǺ⣬뿪Ÿϵ֣ͷɬԵүǼԼˡ
¶ԴЩɫżȴ˰벽΢̣ʱܾȴЩĪϲá
ǰԼԼΪڣҵĴ
δĻ˵ڣҲҵĴ
˵Ǽ٣ִٰ֣ԼĿڣ²ҿƽһƬһǻ档
ĳһģȫ٣ƾӲ顣
Σ
л˵
޸ĺˣ
ԼԤգǵרղأۣ
³
Ȯˡ
ʵи¹⡣
ΪϹ֮ｿӲ졣
¹˼У˲ƲԸãɲѱС󹬴󳼶Դ˶΢ʡ
˼ϸ壬γЩ˵չҪġ
չ
Ʋ˲ᣬЦ⹬άϵǰ󹬡Ӧ;ȸҰͷʵҲ뵱ˣ
ţ뻻˭չ˵㡣
ʵۣչѳ
Ǽã
ʵۣչݳ޶ȣѲȡ֣
߹ؽʿĻ£λζá
ʵۣչᷪͼı
λ󳼣صǶˣҲôġ
-
սպգ˶ΪλѵҪٽһĳǻƵˡ
ȴǰֹ˲һλµ׵ۡ
ö¾ɽΣϸֳЦ⡣
ֻ³Ƴˡ
֬һ糺ɴУһ㣬̤߬ʺؿڣ㱻ҳӣүҲĸԸ𣿡
⣺֮¡


51 
ϺԲ֪ƣ, ʱļͷطڴߴһ㡣
Ҳڵȣ⻹δ, ɰ, ûʹ󷽷ܣٳٲ
ãźӿ, ҡ
һʱ˵, ҵúܡһԼȷϲŵģй, Щͬϲ, ŵģ⣻һ־ЩĪ⡣
, ֵи
ԼҲ֣ǰ֪̫Եھֻŵ棬ѰһֲͷܽȰѩŨʱҲһûʲôģôȴհǰ˺ˡ
Ųߴ, Ц, һ˫ֶ£ԼУʱҴ𸴣Ըϸϸ, ǽҷŽʲô, Ҷ֮¡
ͷʮ, ֻĹ˹ŵָ, ִֻ֣ڵϹţԵЩ
ɫȥŵΣʰţٹСָųбߵȣڿˮ⡣
ԪŵƣϦŵƣԪﶼҪŵƣ֪ʲôԸϸϸȡµϵϸٽɻʱһյơ
ԸƵԴ˵ԸʵԸζ
ִֶƣЦ̧ۿţٱԸǰλŮɣҲͷԸ
𣬾֪һλĵoִ񼣣૵
Ŵͨ︻󣬲ƽƣΩԸ⿵֣ƽ˳졣
ãԼһ
ЩʪʱԼԣЦԸˣ
ʲôԸˮʡ
ЦԵ˵Ͳˡ
˽ƷУˮƣλƵƯţڻǵĵС
СġŷվֿһǷŽˮУȻʪ͸ǣǽϸϸšȥˮֽƽ̽Լӡȥʣʪ⡣
ҹůһ͸ˡ
˸ף޵ڶӻϸĵշ磬ڷС
һԵɽӹȥ˻ƹó׽ңһԱӣҸõ彴һ࣬ԭǱ۵ġ
Ŵ˵ҹˣͱФȺ֮յźӿɺã
Уëͷһɾӣܾܾ
һϷ򸾾Ӫθɾ࣬ƮԶ
λáүֺǺǵؽյźС¯йĸɹ𻨣һ磬˸мֹ
ͷӵĲǣǷۣϸϸźӣǹǹһ㡣
Ԫ֮ǰҴԪڼڲ˹ۡ⼸ѲңֻҸȥűǡһյûҪźӣֻǹ㡣
ȥƵġ
ԪǷҽҲǵҽգ֣ǵöЩ˸ţ򴽣ѰϺõİӣٺòˣձ
߶߶ţʳסһ⣬·⼸Σķһ㡣
Цţڿ˿ڣڼû򣬻ӢʱҪģΪӣΪ˱ȫ
ãһϡ̲סȥǣ֣ϻҩȾɫȻȥʮָˣ͸ǳķɫ
һ˫֣ЩʲôζǼġ
óȴָͷСҵźӻδأ
һֱһ˫֣ȥ׽ף
ջֻ֣Ц㣬ظȥ
-
Ҳ˵ݼõİҪԼţʲô
ڣֱ㣬·Ƣ
ǰ㣿ŭɶһֱ²̧ͷ˵ǸϰݼõҪƣ˲ԳأҲ𣿡
¼޹вһ£ǰΪС޶Ӳ͸»ѹɾҲÿֵϱЩ
⸮ۡҲҪУЩѧҲǻ¡
һС£Ҳʵҡͷ
ͷİٶЩſȣԼƵñܺࡣ
´ǰڼУҲ̴ֻͰٻЩŮҹ㣬˱ڹŮлģǲġ
ĸˡϱڹʱδ㣬ĲãƹЩ̻̣æ
Ԫݼ¶һ֪ˣҽշ㻹㣿
ֿϱʱģʵڿֻ̾ǲᣬһұǣα˺Ū
»죬ЩȥϺõİӣþЩҲü
ǣлĸָ̣ϱǵˡµȥӡ
üȦУʱɻϿԭʮִ󷽶ׯģ»һҲֻС»ƤӱɹЩӣһųģʲôҲŲ
⵽ô¶ѵԼϱ˲ɣ


52 
ʹ, ۼ⡢»ǡʵڵУŽ˿ڣ񲿳ʹعɽɽ֮ͬȥ
ּ, Ҿ, ˫ֽӹڣ⡣
ڼǻʵǼ٣ʵλԺ游ǰлʼݼ
ųֽɳų, ʳڸ˾½, ٻȸţȸȥ
ͯźҶоٵĲʵ, ڽд, ﶼ֮ơ
밢׵סڰַУլڲ, Ԥ㻨ȥڴȶ½㡣
սֵúܣУ˹貧аЩ㻨ùɮ¡Ҳ밢׵һ貧ʻ͸ǶӱõĹƷַЩ, Ҳһ, һӦڷȶȥ
С˶֣Ҳ֪Сοüǰͷͷܶ, ҡϵ, Ҫǰͷȥۿ
, Ҳȥɣǰͷ˿ɶˡ
ʧЦ, Ǳ³øӰ˳ײǰͷȥ
ǱǲʹԪأʼʵ硣
˵۵գ˽ɽɽ˵뺣һֱҪҹʱ֡
°ݼΪβڹУһԵĺͯͷԼס
ȻҲڹ˵ۼģǽʿӢ飬Щ޺˵Ĺ»ҰиҵЩǣɱ
̽Ƿ׷񣬴ֽڵ߹֮
Ⱥңңһۣš
ͷɴڣɫŻƶԽۣϵѩΧѣ練䣬˫ֳֽС
ƽʱСȻͬһ̬֮
м񣬽տһҲãսɽɽ򣬴Ҫ²ⵣǣڼʹЩֶΣٰЩְءǲ֮ףҪأ
ˣҲչ֣¸ùԹ氢ﰢȥȶˡӵգЯŮֵǳٻȶ¶С
-
ȷʵЩֶΣȴڹлġ
ؽͨһλСڼ࣬ԪǼΪʵѬµмǰīڵĹҩװһ㿴ڼȡȥΪʵѬ齣õҲһЩ
ʵ۴ǰйҩٱŨҩһضܵҵ桢ڻλǰ
ͷǼǽţֻ뿴Ժʵȼ֮ʱĳ
Ҳʿ̳ģʴ䣬Żʵۣȼݣ̲ס̧ۣ뵣ʵ۵ıӰɳȿ˿ҩԷӡ
ŰӺͻ۵ζг̴ģ᲻ǹϤıƬ
ۺգʵ۷ʺȽҲδҡΣ˴ףӹһ࣬ǰٰݡ
ʹͷ˫ֽ߬ţô£ҩ
ҲգֻҪѬ´ҩЧ
ݺֱִ㣬ȴ֪ӺδսһŹ֮ϡ
հƷױڲ޽ǽٱӳգʱԣ౦ʯɫʹ⣬Ůٷ
ʥͷСʿ˳棬ððʧʧ˿ڣڳӹңһ뿴һ˽Уʲô͸Ļһһҵϡ
ǰЩˣĺ£ͷϣ˭˵Ԥףպĸƾӹһٵֵ̫Ŵǣȴۺ˻عһۿ
ŻȻ򣬻ʺڣһ檣ε⼸֣
һӰͷ̿г㣬ʱ°ݣǸۺλ㣬Ǵ治
ָ֣϶̵úˣһʱҲ˲࣬æֽűߣߵͷݣˡʺˡ檲Խܵ⼸֣򲻸Ф밡
һʱž˽Դͷٿȴֻķ
ĸ-ʥ͸˵λ֮𣿵ǺҪ
¹ͬ飺ʣĸƽǹоزƽҲʱ̵Т˳ĸ˼
Ҫݺĸ죡Լͬù飬УȷƽϢŭ
죡
˲ҷŻʵۿڡ
ʵɫ䣬ɨӹڳŻڣԪڼľ˸ǹˣˡ
ǰֵѿַԸ⣬ոοڣȴװŪġ
ѫɽǵʱ˳ŹŲʵ۴ֵ㶼ˣȼΪǡ
ǣѹºͷ壬ȼ㣬¯֮Уٺһͬ£ǰݼ
ѫɽǱǲ̽ˣڵ
ǰ꣬ʵ۱㿪ѫɽǽ
£΢ڵܽǷִͭսڵĹǴӳնѫָһгԾϵͭƷͲᦣ˫ַʵۡ
ͭڵʮֳֻǽһöܽǷ֮ϡ
ѫָӲֵ֪Ǻ˽ͭϵܽǣϷһбͷӳ˵ڣͶ
ʵ۸ƣֻЩѰ©ɾ΢ʮֹ죬۹á
֮˲٣뵽ķΪʼҽŵȻԴϣձ㲻׷ˡֻЦЦ˿Ц١
ܾˣ޶֮ʵԷۿеˮһӹæлʶ
檻ع󶨳ٱ鳯㣬ʱʱʡĻˡԽᣬһŵú˵ģ
ݵţԭǰ֮𵽵׸ý˭ϣ


53 
˶, ֪ǷոнڼǻظΪ̸ǵʱ̵ĹŮǿڶഫһīˮ, һʱ㴫о䡣
̸۵ݺ, ʯͷԼĽţɽĸӼڻϿ
ƣֱиš
ֵʤ֮ʱ໨ֻ˼Ҷϸʢ, ڷм, һʱ仨ǡ
žһɫ׻һֽɡһġ
µһƬ̧ͷСʣյ, ǲģ
ǲ̧̧, ȴЩί˼ʵҵģαĻ, ôģǻ˲ɣ
ġ
קקڣֻлҪ˵㽫Դһ˹ȥȴֱƿ
ɡٵõЩɹҵľˡ治ɫ֧ʹŵ⡣
ֲ֧æú֧ɡ, ִԼ, ܵһ
ɻᱻ²
, ˵ɡ, ʮ׵
, ׼ڼЩһæ, ̹ŮǴӹԷģ⾭˵֣ܲ˭ֽš
ŷģʣǰ±Ҫȥˣ
ǣʮһ壬һñӣҹҲܴӾлʱӡʮԾؽͷ롣
˭ˣ˴Сϵ֣ʴȥͳпɻΪ㡣
Ųɫִֽ˻Я߲ţΪ׾ʳǣ׻첻ˣЩоɽԸΪãҲ˿ᣬԸҹ̰ܽˡ
䲻۵Ҳ鲻ֻ֣ա
з˱Ǿ䡢ձδȥ߽̫ƽڵҲѣЦ׿⣬ԻӿԼɾ硣
Ƿˣ˵¶أƿȥһԽϸˡ
ͷ˿ϸסԵþָɾϥͷһֻͷʢŶСɽ򻨡
ϸ߽ϸܵش𣬼ЦСӣ򻨴ա
ֻԱ߲࣬ʹЩקһͬ򻨡
ϸ˽õĻϵϣŨ㣬һȤⴹ˿ϸһֻЯ߲šһţŵӳ졣
ӹһƺõ򻨣ͷߣϵϡ
СɾҲÿϸ˺ǺЦš
δӲӦ廨Թϵ
ţһӻȥӳԡɫᣬż״æȡӸ
ϸ˼æȴɾЩӣӶˡ
ŰŰգ͵һͬ£ЦŽϸУռӵȥ
úãлɾӡϸ˽ӵݸ飬ʰûؼȥ
Ҫʲôӣ֪ҿڸת򻨴ͷ⻨ߣһҹߡ
װ˵˾аգ»
ףԼӼ䷻Уζԡ
-
߸ϵڣƵԺʰ޸򻨡
ʢϸ鲼ˮϴȥɹȡ򻨽żȿɵ裬ֿĳԡ
ӳգŮҵֿŷ·͸ȥ׵̹һࡣ
׺һֺ棬Ԥֱ
Ҷϸɴ죬ѡѿˮͬĻһʢУϷ۷ⶥϸ޿ڴţպ򻨽ˡ
ͷ֪бˣЩСҲһȤ
ϸɸƲȥˮ̶£ٽʣµ̶ȿ˳ϸϸɳ򻨺ͷڶߦ˼ʮƤУȥϿơ
㣬Ҫļãնܳӡ˿Ժ͵Ȳֱˡ
ǣ÷ƣõմףʱԵģ׺ʢյ⣬ЦŴȤ
õǶüѩѿ򹲼壬ٵɣʮ⡣
λԴЦֻ⣺ӣһֱˣҪүһϻȥһ򣬿ļˡ
λŮǶڴЦ̧ۿԼӡ
ֻһۣȥƷյ
-
ӣͷи㡣һСͯС٣Լָͷ˵
ֺ׷ףԵʹϲ٣տʱõֽ̧ͷҺ£
ѧָͯ˵иСӣҲ飬ÑΡ
ǼСӶ󣿿ɴˣʰֽţָֽСͯȡ˳
ûԼȥաСͯ˵ű˳ȥѰȥˡ
ֺ׷縧¹ڣȥˣղÑѧĺܻ¡
һ鲼̴׳˶ʮֶָ̣ӣׯںӣԻ
֪Ƕ͵Сӣǰɿɣżɽϸӵ״
´ް͸ʲôˣ꣬ǰûϹ֣ӿԸ£
ֺ׷ЦЦֻ˵ֻҪһѧҶԸ¡
֪Ñ٣Իһ֣װģʵ
˸۶ֻѰģԭһһҲɡ
ǲ󷽱㣬һӦ롣ЦŸԼ룬ȰѺӴЩ
ãҹձ㽫СӴ÷ӿԻͷٴǹֺ׷ˡ
ͷ˲ãЦһµȻ޴档
ˣ뷨ӡ
л˵
񵽵СèرˣϧѾԭסˡ
ϵ˼ҳҽԺû˶èʵҲȥ
СͷֻҼҵһأϣԺܽ
=v=


54 
ǰֺ׷縰ˮʱʧӿ鲨, ˳ˮ
ˮ֮úܣֻ֣ƴȫקס, ȴҲδöԷһ֮ġ
ϵͭťѽֺ׷, ֻ˽̱ʯڳֻذ׸ԼҸ֮󣬸ǽֺ׷ֱ仮Ѫ졣
ӿ, ޺֯, ˹˵ϴ˴
Х, ͷĽˮ, գۼ˱ֻʣһ㣬ѸٻȺвˡ
ӿļҺ̹, ɳʯǣľשߵЮУһĴϣкֹɳˮҲֲ׺ݵˮ
ֺ׷ֻƴȫԮˮеĶľԼ༸Ŀܡ
, ķ楻ڼе, һ˫Ů
֪˶ãʱŷԼ鲨ƽһ, һ, ŲдĴеġ, ڻһڡ
ֱذ˴Ƥݵ÷׷, ײײӱߣĹۣʪ͸У˸ϵĸ뻳ҵ˳ŶϱڲԫѰ̡
ˮ߶˺֣ݸʧ񣬸ͷ棬ֺ׷УʱٸҲռᡣ
žһ³жѰû뵽ڹٸֽӵĴ˻оԼ
ǺֶΡ
ȥֻ꣬˵ǼֻʣһһӦǮˮɽ˻ӣЩÑƲؾȥ
ɱ˲ʬʼĴ񼣬ˮݸ̽飬Ҫֺ׷˲ŷģдˮǨѮӣڻʱȥԵݸܡ
˾ʲôգСΪá
ЩµǮβܶһء
-
һϻֱһ򽴸ţܴһЩʱգֱŲˣֻܽϻ§ڻССڻһա
үǱǲ˳˳ȥ˰̸ˣձܽϢݻ½ϲ棬һż㡣
Ȼ֪ǲͲƲȥġ
ݴʷ˽סݾͨʷѲ飬ҪǮֻƾһʷȻЩ
ƻຯݾʿ̻̽׵İջ֮Уո࣬պڵĸֱԪƻŻᶯֱƹ
һ䶯٣ʹЩ˲ʱ򣬱ҲɰִԲ
Ų½ϵżһһĿл̶ֱɳɿڣƽһʱԽԽ㡣
ʷΪģԸգ轫̽ǶҪչСѣ֡̾˿дؼ㡣
ʵȻһֱ񶼲ⰲ²һ򾡣ҵ
ţһԼŰڻ׳һϱʵۣδðҲӦ䡣
ｫ̫ѾãҲûذԲһˣµ֮ʱһҲ֪Ϊγٳٲ̫
ԺΣһλͦǡ½ϴ
ͲŰˣзȥ졣
һһɱīûؼ㽻½ϣֵ˵㰸ϵķϻȥ츮
½պż㣬ֱʵүСӣβȥͣ
֪ʲô
۾ͷ߶Լȥǰƣٺÿɾö˾Ͳϡˣ˵ᡣ
ֻпϼղŻ֪ⰮԼЩģȥѰƯյɺ֮ľߣ˱ضϲҪŷЩʢ
ϸֳһЩЦ⣬ֱѹ£ȥͱǡ
½ϴԴüŶɻȥ
-
С̨ǧ¥Եɾ
̴ʱڰڹŮ֮䣬ֻֻ಻٣֣ʮ£ɻּٳٲ£Я˲ٽһ˴ִ̽Ϣ
̴ɽһϮ£īɢ¿ˣĵòɺ٣˫ȴʱʱ⣬¶ǵĲ֮⡣
㿴࣬˰֪֮Ҳ̬ƴߴЩ
Цװ̸֮£Ӳð赽һһģ˰ɻһϡ
Ҳ֪ļλҪ޽ǼˣǿɾûʲôһͬˡյоҺ೤̾һ
ǰһ֣ҽأˣڹ⡣ҲԴЩȥ̴ɵķӦ
Ȼ޶ԣֻЦŪҡ
̴ɣǰһ΢ģһ̧֣Զ塣
ɾ˾ǣٴʮֹɵ¡
ɺȻţӳӰӰ´£յý˲ŷ̴ɴ͸ɴۣ½ɢԼɼɫ
ˣٿֻװ֧¡
ϲ֪Ǿ¾յ׶̴ɿ
̴Ϊأ֣ʮɻ밲Ϊ̧ᴥԷ򢣬⵴Ȼ޴档
ǺЦӾͲҽ¸֣ʮ
ɫ䣺ˣ̴ŻῪڣ
ҶٶܸЩ
̴ɽ浽ļ米ϣ̽ȡֻ˴ľյӦҲ֪ȱƲ
⽫µĨ׼Լģͷ²оƣҪأ
ҲѰֵģ̴ӦͿˡҡҡͷˣ̴ɲؿƿ
ۣһ
֣ʮﲻ֣һҪ£ˡ
عд󳤹Ů޻Ȣ֮ŮΪ˵ϻ
еճȻǸġ
⿴̴ɼ
Ե½ҡ
л˵


55 
̴ɹ, 䴹䣬黺·̸ֻһ㡣
˵ϴۻ, λݴʷеŮ, ֪ǵʲôվûϡ
̴ɴ˾ʵ˰Ҵæ֪ʲôҪģҶǲ˿ֻյ, ֲһ, ˣǰٿɷ񣿡
ֻ˵Щ֮Щð, ֲ˾䣺뿪̨ǧ¥ġ
, δʲôð֮˵ЦˣǰҵٸʵǱ, Ҹٲȡˣǰ֮ˡ
Ϊ̷ּ䱻˺ȥڴ˴׷
̴ȡһֻյΪԼһյƣ˫Ȱҵһμӣ֪Ӳֵ, ҲлӴ˷⡣
ͷӡµĴպ, 
ȻˡЦͬһͬ뿪ˡ
̴ɱ, ĿӰ, ֱȺֹ
ظ, лظȥ
׺ͱԡͰ, Լжλͨһͷڷŷԡ
ھڵ˰Ϣ㣬ӺúɿһأԶ˶˵ӣүЩһҪ
ЩʲôÿĶܴһʮȴܺʱµ⡣
׺ҡҡͷ½ֻ˵ǺүݸұˣͷˮҪһԡԿǡ
ҲмδˣԼЩʱĶèץһ㣬޲̾Ͷ
׺˼ģҪЦġ
ֻŶһ㴹ͷԼͷˮרԡ
ԡ꣬׺Ϊ˳㽫ױ̨ǰ
ԭЩɵƿƿ޹ޡзۺ֮࣬дƵģҲģнģޱȣ֡
ȡһֻ͸ĵԲСͷǽ͸ɫ°ǽɫ룬ͷʢǰЩ򻨽á
Сƿ֪ƣЩ͸Ż·ʢЩ糺ɫ͸ⶨʮƯ
ϻ⻬ϸɣͷ̳ĺޱȣϸŴ֬ʢС
׺Ҳ޲үϸɵ˼ĴѰЩʵزͬľӻġ
ӣʽȥзְԼȥΪá
ڰڣô·ʲô͵ģûýЦ
ü˼ǰ󣬻׼Щ͵ǰǡ
⿴ЩµСֻҪۡ֬һ㽫
ԼЩ裬ԼǷҲ־ɵƿޣСϻװҲÿƵ
ǿӰգ
Ÿ֯ϼⶼüˣ٣ټ˲ǮӴ´ࡣ
׺һϲüͷӣҲûʦϻһӦտգˣһܿ
ľ˵±㿪ϸϸһһӦ뱸˲ǡĦƿĻƣôԵӲͬأ
ֻܷ㣬һǸɫԭϣһƵĳƷɹѡ
˵㾫ɵϻӣɲÿλӶϲԴ˰װ裬ԵͷؽᣬǷ㻹ϸôӺδҲˣӡͣ뿪Ҫ׼Ķء
ЩɵСϻһͬꡣϻһӦպãֺǺǵؽ˴Ъ
-
һ磬ʰͣЩСȥš
ԶǰλоʿżУǣŸƥڽºţ½Żʵ۴µְʥּͽӡ֮࣬ĳ룬ڳеȴǡ
ż֮һף峤棬ͦεس˸ţģиַ֮ǰװ̬Ȼ޴棬η
ȿһ½ϣٲĳ
ΪУü֣Ž³
̽ӣ㱻סȽ³
鴹ֻۣҪǺүˣŵʶرϣʡµĺܡ
ɫ΢죬˵컯գܻôЩֱӱ³Ҳ̫Щ˿ڵһףӣ
˵űת󣬽ųڣŸ֡
ңʮϲüղԭҲʮ䲻֣ȴϸظúԼӡ
κ䲻һģҹϵϡ˼δӵĻҪ˵⼸Щʲô⼸ף֮ûȥ㡣
յʱüƬҲΪĥһֻСľͷָгһöСڣٷġ
Ӳ֪Ż˺һ棬̴ǣּ˷ڻľڣ̲ס˵Ĳúôţұǣαزڴ˴⻤ľһ㿪ܻ
ӷģǼףֻƽﴩţ˾лҪġͷ̲סöǲģʮ˿
ֺֻ˵Сèһ㣬ǻ⾡ϣȾҲˣɽ߬ڣ߮ЩԵ
ӢǲЩ֮ϲˣ֪ǴӺδģԼҪӣʹЩϻӵҲһЩ
ϲҪǲȥˣʮϲһֱɫһЩϻӣ
ⲻʧЦһ˫ֻؼϰţ߬һӣôˣүǺ޼ֻƿӲɣ
ҽٿһӣӢۣѰЩңԵСҲϲ˴ҲЩ
ŵͷҴǰʱӣҲǵ£ЩСеҹпģеʹͬģұǲ˸š
Щ֮ﲻ̴򽻵ͷʣҲΪǣߡ
ѽ㲻˵һˡһ̱֣ʮʶӣմ¡
ȥ̨ǧ¥˲¶Ӳӣȴֻ̨ǧ¥⼸֡
ȥǸʲ̴ɣ
֣ʮҪعҵΪ£عڳس½ҡ
ɫǰΪݴʷŮڸ;кһ֣Ҳ˰һ
Ӵ̽ϢҶˣŸ޷ֻһıˮУֲЩۡ
Ҷú£Ϊࡣ
л˵
ʹͷдСѧȨı(/p_q)


56 
û, ŷӦ飬Լõ
, ӢƤ, ûⱸЩɱƬˮڱϾǷЩԡͰж첻١
ЩĲͷҲ˱, ȶЩˮЩ
ϲ̽ӹ, ˵Ŷлӣ⽫ϵڰ԰, žʿȥ
߰, ȥй䡣ջǳȥпЩ֮
жз, ϴζŨ飬֮ƳֵټԴѵĸ㻨Ⱥƣʹá
Ըڷ裬ҹѬ£ˮ
ڰ࣬ô, ڶǮأ
֮, ʽ֯ӣŨҵЩͷתˡ
ӸҪ, ÿԶϹ֮, , Щ෬ȷǿе, ʱȥѡʮ֡
⿴Ų˼ǲϣļϾԸԼϸϸѡ
½ˣ˵ϲϰǼѡ
һʱ벻Բߣд˸¶ȷһţûʲôƯС
ĻʽʣȴȲϴѣƶΪҶƻ֮ƣձ̺ɫëʮֺõģֻգձſȸ
룬Լӳﱸãϣȥеĺɷơ
ǷӸ߱ĿһͷŨܵʯɫ۾ˣⲻãĵɴӲѵɴ㿿Ƹ֮Ƥ֧š
СӺðԼɾ飬һڹٻʮס
ƣƤͣϵЩʲôỵϵĵȶúܡֽ̽ʽȡ¸⿴иϰףԼɾܽϵԼߡ
ⱻڻУͷЦſڵЩëձ⣬ղ
ģʮ־ϲæԺⷿϲʲôģⶼȫ
ʮؿ˿ⷿţƣʲôУձ̺̺ӣﲼãů͵Ľ
ǰŽأֶһȻи
ձ̺ʵʺϲףһʵһס紵ֿΪȣ̺ʮӵضԸ
ǻЩϺõӣůͣСҲǼõġ
ȥһߵĿⷿͷϰڷŸɫϣͷϲ١
ӱëӶڿⷿУǼҵձǴӲ³ġ
Щձ̺֪ɷƻɫСһԵϣȷ⶯
Ȼǵëʮ㹩ӦСãΪϸЩʮָˣһȣһ߽£ٷ㻨ƵĲˮ
⵱ȶЩɫúԤȾϣߴ֪֮˼ɫӡֺһ
ʮֺţ֪ʲô㣿
ЦЦ˵պ㹲ĥģ˼ãҲЩ
ϲЩӱǡ˵űҪֱ¡
κ˼Ӳ⣬ӴЩӦںδ򣿡㻨ֲҪĶ࣬һֹ󣬲֪ӿ·
ָžķң˼һȻҲģֻǽӳϸҲҲˡ
ӺɰȡһöСںǰһ
ʵڵĺô£Ҳȴʮϲؽ߬˵Ȼȥѯһ
ʮֹͶ˳ţձ֪ձ̺ߴ磬Ҳг㣬ƾһλİķŮɲ֣ʮﴦʶӡ
Ǽпǳĸ̣һظЩ
ӣǻЩʲô齫ļӷŻسֵһȡ
ȥӿգ컹ȵúܣЩɻؼȥƱɱƬˮţбɶõþˣЩ
-
Ǳ߽˱ãʥּڽǰһӡýӣʽαͳһְ
и֧飬඼Ϲȥ䳡¾ʿףͦεԦϣֱæ˴գŽʿ˸飬»˾ס׼Ъ
Ҳ÷ԸʿԡͰԡֻͰˮϴһ
ſûıɱƬˮֻƿһģһѡһֻţʮ嵭ûʲôζ
ˮϴ
ԭûʲôζȺļɢ
ֻɻ֣ʲôˮƽԡõİٻ㡣
ЦãԼĴӣھԵø룬ֻдˮϴһ²ҪȤ
ƿһģһƿǱɣôˡ
ԺгϴãòײŽ嵭Щ
齼䣬ЩǴƿ߬ﰮ֣˯ҲЩ·ԼӾƵġ
-
ϳν־ϲ
ʵ˺Ժλԣּȥ걻̫ĺϼٻأ볯СһӦٸԭְǰ̣֮ͬͬһͬóУһƬʢޣƱʺ
Ҵǰ״в֮һٲ飬Ҫ̫һס
߬Լڣɫְף޲úԺ֮˾ʹʧôǰ״֮˶ɾȻһ׮鷳
ҧʿһ
˴£˲ʺ޿޲ֹڼʱĳǷٻ㶼ҪʮȫʮǣĪõƻ̻˰ա
ԴԪ֮Сģ°Ҳܵøʿ佱Ҳ׷һܿʲδѾ鵽Ļݺˣ
У
̫գ̫Ѫ֮סǷԼ˽ð
佫֮У¶һЦ
֪Լ˽ؽ񾩣ΪͳʳǳǷְ֮ڣھĴѲҲ޲ס
ʵȴͻȻüఴǣЩʣ£ձ㵽ɡ
ҩЧˡ
ѪӿŴ½ɵ˷ܣɴߣǰЩЩкη
л˵
̣ҵĲȨıֿˣ̼¾ܿʼˬ飡Ĩ


57 
ֺ׷ʰʱŵǮ, ֽǴиϵĸҹ͵͵µͨһӦսպ֤ݡ
Ĵأʰʮ
ȥ֪ܻܲ, 㽫ѧͯÑһ, ݣԼѧе鰸֮£һλǸ
ҪȥҰ˵ǼҰ÷ءСͯǣסʵ
ѧбīþ, Ƿż, ȥݳЩֺ׷Դ, һ, պһû㰢ѧ, 鰸ȡЩɺã
һպҲɼˣ
Сͯͷ˵Ҽˣġ
ЦǺСͯһǱӣųѧȥվ˻͡
ø죬ݳ, ɱССسö, ʱŵƽʣҵǸˡ
ֺ׷˫Ǯ, վɾȥݳ, ֻ, 黹ǸȫЩ
վɾϵ, ȥҲʧ࣬νǻǻֻͣǶ˵СЩɽˣټָ˫ͣҲɣ͵ȥһˣ˳СЩ
ֺ׷վͳһɾǰͷһλͬУֻŸϳ
һ·ϳԼĪʱܵݳǣλվɾ˵Ц˵нﱸ˲ٺþƺòˣ޳ȥҲҪȥݣЩƻؼҡ
ţԶڰеİ޺һ˫Ůӹһ٣ʣµǮǿҲذȥ
ʻУϳɾ˸Ƿֻͷµµ֦Ҷżм
ֺ׷ͷǸңųںϢȴ֮
ѣĽ복ھɾЩֲֵģӲģʲôɽǿǺһĸ·˰ˡ
ԦǸֱֱֹǰסǵȥ·
з˵ɾס䳤棬˳
ϳɾͣʣ֪ļҺúΪסǵȥ·
ǰ˽һ̴гŵʮ׶Ҳҽķͽ
ЩǮúи㡣ϳɾ֣ȴ⼸˶ġ
ֵԲΪǶˣȥɣֻҪˡΪ֮ǰЩӼֺ׷Ñ֮µĺӣõָųֵ
ɺñ£꣬
ԹԼ³ʡֵǶ֡
ֺ׷磡ǿ֮ĩЩ³ǰûҲʱˡ
ӣͷӿһɱֻÿڵҪҵԣλɾؼȥ
ǡɣվɾǵǰˮչٷϴˣ͢ˮվ˵λɷˮȴ鲨䲻Ѱʬףз
̣Щ֪Ǻù١
ǶΪںˮ֮Уû뵽㻹šѳְĺù˰㳡棬̲סʵЩôһ¶
ֺ׷̾˿ҲʧˮǱȥġ
ˣҲǹꡣ˵λȥգۡ
Уֵܶ˲УɾקסڣץȣڳǰǿмݳһЩʱһЩ
ɣˣݣݳɾػӹޣ˻ųȥһõӿԦڳǰ׳
׳û뵽һЩʴ˱æס
ǼųӮǣǹԹ־ܰգ
ֺ׷繪ڳڣз紵þӰٵˣͷͻȻ˵Ӱڴ֡
˳ֵһһҲУ˿ܹӵһ߲Цһֱֱ߽ͱʳᡣͱڵĵЩĲ
ʲôûð׷ʡʡգһҲЩ·Ūһ㣬ǽٴͱ복ڣҪֺ׷
ݵò񣡡Ҳɾһסܣһֳֵ˸첲һڣᵶϣ
ܱﷴҧһڣŭգвɲͣתǰͷɾභмֺۣ׷СӳڵĻ˳źǰͷɾ˺ȥĵһְһ
ʯ飬ߵֺ׷ˤسȴպöļʸ
Щۣٴ칭׼鳵еֺ׷磬ҵҪ㻹ûĺ
ಣ
ֺ׷ͫȴΪǼΪбһ֧ýһΪ
ǴĿѣŭʲôˣ
˻٣Ƥ׾ʿȴ£ˤʵһԡ
ͷɽǯס󺺵۸ӵĳԶ֮ӭ뾩󱲣ҲҪСЩ
ĨĨִ֣ӽȡһֻߵԸֺ׷翴
һ·Դ˫۷ΣΡΡ̧ͷ
ɿϵô
Ƿɻؾȥ
Ƿӭּкµ⣬Ĺֺ׷ۣۿ̲סʪ֧ľʮǰΪ»Ƶģһһĵף᲻ǵã
楣
ૣжȫڳС
-
磬ԲȺĸ׼˺صĽ񿴹Ϸˣ㲻밲ƽһͬˡ
츮ˣԼҹڲúܡ
Ժĸһͬ¡
ϰ͸ʽʻһׯܷգ˳ƽԲ
ĸ׵ļͷǰЩ游ٻؾǡҪѩƽԩ԰ˡ
кᣬܼˣᣬ˵㸸ףҲ֪ܲټ
һܣ˵Ϣ֪ǣ¶ǾʿѰ˱ǿࡣοĸף˵Žµ֮ͬ£̻һֱȼҹβһͬ;óԵ
ҡҡͷȻ֪ŮҪ˭ô֣̻죬Ҳܿ
СȥȥӵơҲǿ󣬵ͷԼ׵ܡ
˯ۣ૵ˣòã
ƽ֣ȴ硣
ֻõͷ׺һȥЩʵƻظ
ЦЦշ˶࣬СЩ
ǸɾʮΪˡ
ϴǺЦ⣬ڰȥĪҪ̻
ȷʵɽ纣вͨģȹȥǶֵĵкˣϷ
ҪʳǰΣӣڹڵա
ܼͬһƬ£Ҳʲô
ֻҪһʰ
պشһ糺ȹ˾ɷĻڣó֮λСǱ»ҫۡ
ʻΪȥ¥ùڣڵǰιǺü⿪ͷۣ
˸ϲɫЯ֣һͬ⳾˼䡣
ĿĵڷпţѲߵɽô࣬Ҳһ
вһ˿įͻȻ;ҲûʲôȤζ˺ͬΣҲġ
Ϊ׵յɵӵƣеŮ͸ѡһЩСȥ˶ʮֿģڸ˽磬ֵСӵͣжˡ
ʧȤظЩϢ
˶࣬ͶӰҲδ⣬أر˵˵㣬̧ͷȥȴһϤݡ
һ˫۷·»ᲨƮƮһףñ˭˶һ信ٱ
вʵƵݸ⣬ڵղң
̫ԸԲ⿴һףҲӹиϻģЦʣͳҲҪѲ𣿡
ۣصʿ䡣
˲绺ǰУ뻥Գǻ⡣
ҿƿ׵ᱻ˵л𣿡֪żȻ׼ˡ
Ҳ޷Ȩı˽ǡʵͰźˣռֵأ⻻˽ҹݼ⿴ơ
˵Ļһ˵ıˮãǶĽѣһ˵࣬˵Щ˵ĺû
ȵ𻰣Ҳڽ֮С
ģһкͯŵ׷æڻ·ߣһ̻ա
ʱ˵ĻЩһ䣺
֮ǰ˵Ļ
ȴһǰٻЩ⣬·ζЩϤƵġ
Ůҵ
һӵˣԭΪﲻһԼԵС׽
˹߻ƭˣսϸţĻǴĲģ
һãذһ
л˵
ţⲻζ𣿣Сɻ


58 
Żͷһϼɫ, ֻɰæսһ˫첲ڻС
ôˣȥЦ⣬ֻһίĴ, ǲ, ʵԩҡ
һúܣһ˫Ⱥ࣬ŵͽӣۡ
ѵˡؼ, Ųһõ±ӵζ
, ǰĳ̴Ȼͬ
ڵƻɺһܽŵĲʵӳ, , ֣ǽ£סĺԼ, ٵڵϸţ⾿Ķ㣿
δɢС¿ˡ˼ֱȵľ࣬Ѭĺ졣
ڴ˴˶ļһ, Լԡʱõİٻ¶ֺ޶
ᡭ, ⻨¶ԼƵģҲδš
ǰЩұˮ, бһƿ, úƮʮ, , ˵һ겻壬һͽӵ硣
ڶ૵λεЦ⣺ԸҵĻ¶ǴӺδģҡ
ѽһ˫ȻǺδ
ЩʢˮͰٻ¶Сƿһ£ֻЩϵĲͬģôҲûʲôϡ档
ⲻ֪˵ЩʲôãԼ˼ţִյ˽æؼףͷЩԲסԩ㡣
Ų˳ԼĻǰƽһ˱ͷԺǽߣ޿ˡ
˴ƹްֽСīӨӨһһӫ⡣
Ϊλ
Ǵ𣿡
ԸԵŮɣ
ͷ֣£ΰεӰ£ȼٺĴ꿪ЩһΪΣ
޹ģƬƬԼϣΪΣ
ΪλֻǼԼδޣαˣࡣ
ҡ¯ѩʲô
ߴ󣬾ʱԼͷҲЩ
һ˫֣׵˫磬⣬һĨ졣
һƬ仨һֻʵƮƮģ˷ֲǻá
ŵͷǱƮƮһ£һƮƼ䣬ѪҲӿ
һ˫Ҳ⿴ԼĵӰŮҵ⡣
ҡ
ҵġ
Ÿ˼ˣЦǻۿҲ̫ˡ
֣ӵڻУԼһף޴ɿȥǡ
γѣԼʲô
̣Ȼ˳ȹܡ

ţ޲òϳ˽ֿڣ׺Լӣһӻûڣ㱻һһקˣֱֱȺ֮С
ӣôˣͷԣһ߻ͷһ߸ԼӺֱײҲûͷѽ
ǰӣүأ
һͬȥУôֻһ˳
Դֻ˵ôһɾڶ˲ɣ
׺һֻۣñտڲʣŲʵƻͬ͸ǽڷ֮䴩
ŻˣתʮֽУڷеǽߴܵüˣͷܶܵ˵۳ģҺô˴ЩȻɫͨģμˡ
־ԼʵڶǡǡôҪأһ˶£ڻȥǸ
ڳΪԼúִսʵӣ»ȥ̻𣿡
ȥˣءظӹΪԼȷ磬˵չڣ뿴̻ȥգѵ˰ַлȥǡ
-
űæƻ̻񾩵İ˽˵Ҳǧ֮࣬簲ĸţ°ںδͱֱϱʵۣһʱҲвѰҲϸס
£һӦ飬дһųʵ۹Ŀ
ſһż㣬ŵüҲչԭĸסԼ̩ɽֺ׷ˡ
˵ֺ׷紦ɽһӦʽǻؾı֮ܲסʣ¶Щ밲ƽйأüͷ΢ԭֵǽ֮
»ܻؾм£˻ˮ㹦ɾͰ׷ˣ½ԶؾŰȫ
ү츮ǲЩʺүɺáԺʿͣ˱ʡ
ǿѹ£̧ͷԸ½ϵ˵ҺүˣӰѰ
ҹظ˰ҹװǶЩڶ׼˸ɫӺĺٸһһͬȥ鵽˺ֻ½ľһ˫۲֪òÿ
ӹеϻӣͷ
үлҪҼ˵
үүˣԼȥѰ½ⱲҲûֵĻ½ƤЩúá
ֻΪԼˣ㶰һүˣ
½һ߽ЩˣЩӰˣӺ⼸ճæ˲ˣӲġ
ͷ벻ʲôֻûظ档
űʣҲûд֣ظʣ˵Щʲô
ү˵ԼˣȥѰ
׺һЦûţⶼʲôֻ
ӷİգôһС¶ʲô˼ʲô˵ˡ׺ΪɵīһˮԼӽд֡
أ½ϻ˵үҪȥ⼸ճæЩԻѰӵġͷֻ˵ûʲô˲õġ
˭Ҫȥ
ӵ¶Ҳ
л˵


59 
ǰЩԼƵСϻƺ, װһɫ꣬ǳвͬͷĵ໨, 仹, ǳһɫΪˮĸۣ仨ˮ֮
ģӶǲͬÿֻСϻǶһݶ
ЩСϻԼĪŮƴС, ɷһԶ׹СɵĻ, Ȳ棬ȴʤھɻ, ϰŮǵ, Ҳͷһݵġ
Ľ˹ɣЩϵĲ֪ÿ˶, ϸϸƹģӣСϻΣпģ
ԸǳǶ챦Ķ׹ϻУģڵ·ⶌһЩ
С˼ϸ, һ, ֪жۣǰѯ۵Ķȥˡϲ, ⼸Ķ, Ƶ, ʮǰ, в˼鹩°֪ǵǶһݶġ
СϻвƣҲǽЩӲһ׷ӣһƷǰҪķѶʮ죬ۣʱ죬ٷų˵ڵε˼Ҳϻӡ
콳ͷ˵ǰЩۣͭճ˳ɫģǻͬɫͭۻɰٹһʱձܿųЧˡ
գ׺ȡƱݽӣһݸ콳ͷһݸ㣬Щʵæˣֻ콳ͷԣǮ
Цлʰ˲һӦ±ȥˡ
ǺһԵϺһöŷ⣬֪ͷдЩʲô
үǲģⱡǺݺһԳŷǰʰ÷õĲյٺһų鷿
ʧЦȡǩһ۱Ǹؿչ롢ɾѶеԹʫ¼żӸˣ־ǿҹͨȥỰмʪۣЦá
ò׿ͷ˵⼸ѽеİ˽֮¼óַæʵûջɢĪҪ̰ٳЩ֮Ҫ¸֪
Ҳϸ˵һż㣬߹˼Ī˾䡰ĪҪϣҹơ
ղ˵ĪҪ̰һ䲻ùش
ⲻʰһʫȥĸԺһͬ÷׵һżŻԼԺϴЪ
Ӻ˯գһյˣԴҪˡ׺Ҵñ̺ʣһյеȥ䡣
ȴЩ˯ţǻްλҡҷźĴ˯͸ɴָŴůɢһƬ⣬ӳϲ˲䣬ͻȻ˵Ǿ仰
ö˶˵ҪҪȥأ
׺ðڷţһӦʰúŵȥЪˡ
Ȼ𣬲ĶֻʣżǷҶܷڴһָ̽ɴŨڣֻȥ̽һ˫Ь
ⴲܵĺܣֺͷ̤Ьȡ֧ľȥ
ɫˮŴһкһߣԥһ̽ԴԺľдУһ¼Ƶģҹ΢΢ţҲûʲô뿴ġ
գգۣԼˣҡҡͷֻЪϢ߹ʮֽ֣ͷ׾һֻڻ˯ȴЩϸ΢졣
ˣˣľһ㣬һһûͣЪ˼
һӣ
ǽͷŸˣʯӻһ£⣬æ֣ʮӯԺһһ
ţ
ǲԡˮһζʵ࣬ðٻ¶ԡôࣿ²һȥ˰ƿ뿪ڣִָ
ꡣŽʳָڴ䣬ʮ٬ڴߣϬΪһȴ
һ˫ȥöԶҲСӵԺǽˣ
Ц⣬ǰ˵ΣҲֻⶨԶϵԼӵɾţĻӢ
̧ͷţƾ˵ⴰΪ£ֵⴰЩɺã
ͷ֧ҳֲͷĻȥ
ŹָͷʾսЩΪлҪ˵գȴ뱻ֱӴӴб˳
ţ£ҲԵ
СЩǱ˿ǿɾ˵ɻˡ˽ӵڻУ§ԼĲٸȥʰϻЬ
ߵ޹ġǰӵ󶼸һһףδ˽ܵһµֻýסţԼԺеǧϡ
Ҳϥŵأһ˫ڴůţϸΪЬ
ȶһ㱡룬Դ̲סȴӼᶨذ
յĶôˡɤϸһ˫ŵ
ʱЩáΪ⴩ЬԵǧ£⼸æͷת򣬸մӾлζʵڲţһԡˡ
мϲҪ㣬ҵ´ɽ˵ֲϢǴһһЩܻؾ
ģ
⡭ģ
ʮ־ϲ貣Щ˳
Ѱ꣬ϢˡľȣҪָ֪жˣһȥ
˵ŴӻȡĺΪᣬ˵ֲʱ׷ɱҶþȣǰˮһΣʱ·ӣ»
׷ɱסŵСۣһ
ֲްЩҲܣ಻ձˮʯЩʱֲд飬Ҳðġ޷մᣬԣϸá
Դڵɳȥļ׵٣ɵ׷ȥֲˣ֪Ŀ
ˮһ飬һ⣬дˣѰȻǽΪҪο˴ҲǸɲϣӦ׷Щ˲ǡ
ǣţл㡣ɫֿ˫л
ֻЦЦԵˣ֮л
ԣմһӣڷлЩʪ˵ԡ⴩ţϸϸЩƵĺۼǰٻ¶ζ뵣ƽù˵ģȴİ
²üۼһη̽塣
ͷ΢ҽеڶ¡
ǧЩָ̽ǧϵȵش˹ȥһ˫۽¹⣬ЦЦɤʡ
ǰЩӽҶڷ˶ǳȺӣһһߡ
˻δء


60 
Ƕд𣿻ĺ, ĻҪᡣ
ſСŲֱǧͷǸϵҪһǻӻ۶, Цҹ, ֲԸ׽ˣ
ȺģָŪǧϵһֱȹµ壬̲סȥ, ֵ̽ס, ȴֱ߬סֽͷ
ҹԸ׽ң, ɫ, δаЦ֮⣬ǰһѵˮ, ˣԸٳһҵζ
Ӷߵǧֻǰٳζ벻ԶϣŴ۽ޣͷȴ֣ԼӻһĴ, һ˼֮ࡣ
ֻԼ˹, СèһȶĴ㶹˲뿪
, , жԼ޹İ
ͷ¶, ȴ侲ˣ
šͷ, ЩԵؿ۾
ֻ
ѽͷԣǲ
Ц̧סСɵ򢣬㡣
ɫѣæĴǧȹȥ
ˣžͲΪ㴩ЬŲȥ׷бǧϿʵ⡣
صȴ񱻽²ҶһӣЩȥ
ǧϣʮЦҲ
СЩؽָڴǰȻ³׺飬Ųͣȹȥǧ졣
úúãСЩŸԼϵ֣ѹЦ⣬ȥ֫Լϥͷ
ȴš⣬˵˾ҪЪϢˣŶԼ󿪵ȥɴ̫ߣŻںͷţģζÿ
¾׺飬ֻ糺ٽԼȥ
Ц֪㱳̵߽ٴ׵׿档
ҽޣ㡢ҡҲˣֻ˵
ŴսЩֵҪЩѽ
ôЩɫ
ٹЩ֮ΣԵʲôֻڻУסĺԣᶨĴ
ƷʲôʻƵҵģҷϸϸ˱ȥŵǡ
ǰ˳ӣҡ
ľ̶ʢŽ޵ӣңģѵһСɽ
һö֭ͣˮ棬ζھˮȹˬ˲ʱڴݼŷʵǵζ
ӣҶһ̣ƫŵǿš
ָĦӣúˣ͸˵죬ˮ·ͻƵġ
Կڴգ侹ζӣңһԵҶȲϵġ
Դӣҵ·ͼϽӣңҲֻһˣСģһһУٽӣ֭丵βʣ¶ǡ
ӣɫ糺죬ؿڡ
ŲģһҪβ⡣
ˮ۷һĨ⣬Ե࣬յòٽɤʵ֪ʲô𣿡
зˮǻδعֱЦǹһ˫üۣγѡ
㡭ʱɤһڵԼһֻܱտڲԣȭȥ
ֻճ˵èöĥ䣬ǲϲϲ
ⱻûӣֻǣ˵ԼҪЪϢˣſЩȥ
һ̧ȷŽ˷Уָֹ˸ģŴŹϸϸҹЪϢ´˷
ҲЩЪϢգöŲɽ糺δʣֻЦ
ӷģɾֺء
ſЬԹɻϣֽԴӴ̽Цǽȥ
Ҷͬסһ·;ԶЩҪһ·õڶ񾩶֪Զδӣҹǽ
-
һ˯ʮԺױ̨ǰ췢ʱϻŴӡµĻۡ
׺ӣȥǴ˯ۣλۺһСӵĽ
ӽȹ׺ȡһƵᱡɫܽأԼҷеʽ
ڱۼ䣬ȹȥĸԺóʳ
⣬ͷ֦ͷδĹ𻨣ֻǳܵ㡣հˮţóӵ泩
ǰЩӴׯ˵ϱøʯۣ֪ܷҲЩۣһʯڰбȷ۸
ףֲˣϱ䣬
ҲɣȥׯͷЩֲҲްЦΪö֣ü䣬֪ʯۻԵʲôζ
ϼ֮ЦǹˣȻ֪ŮµЩʲôֿڵڼҲţӣŪׯӣиĻҲ̫С㽫һ
ʱĸǰһĶţŸ׵£˺ôû߰Ϣ
أС̧ͷʰﰢ㣬һæӡ
ѽúö飬ѧﰢˡСԴҲ˻ơ
µӶðĸ׿׵ѧҲҪˣСš
һպʼһ£һһͽĿһĬϡ

ү
ϯ䣬ȴͷɵȥˡ
Դӵ˹ֵĳ̴飬Ѿܾδιǰ£ҹظЪμǰ
ǰûһܽӵڻУǽϳ׽ҲҪЩġ
˻󽥽ģ֣Ҫ𾡡᡽ڲŸ׽ֻèء̽ôš
Ӳ֪ʱֻ̬ˣߵ
ŴԴЦֱԵһǲŷӦֻ˾£
ô겻ģʲôء
ʲô£δŮĻ˼Ե£
ӣ˵һҲûǴȤţſʼ¡
¾ʿٹ±ҪóſҪúԤѵȲǰưһšʹģˡ
л˵
дʹͷ


61 
ʵ۶ųϵܺһҹ, ΪףȻΪڤ粻оģɳ֮ʱ, ֻǽϵڼĵ
ֻԼĶ, ǽҳ浳һ򾡣Ȼѡ˺ߡ
ȥɣʵ顣
ڸͻگ£ҽ󽫾ŮΪ, ½ŮҵմŮͬΪ, ʮ飬պӭλ븮, ʼƸƽ뱸, ʵڻ, ųʹҸС
ʱڴնʶʼһ츻ųЩԳϣʵȻ֪ȴǲԸܵģ
ɴʱȴ⡣
½´ͻگим֣ǳȥ˹ף, ·ϲ֪Ϊγ޶, ½ӵ³ϴ, òֻƲΪʼҸ, Ϊ
̫, ĳ, ֻ˵밲Ե½ڼбԺУ˺ú˼ҡ
ʵҲջسƲҩʾֻǲ֪˺֮ԣּźݴʷ֮Ů뾩Ϊĸҳޣڲ䡣
֮ϲһðϲʤߵлʣֽųﱸµͷ˽뾩ֻ˵ᶯ֮á
ɢһأּЩ֮ˡ
Իһһ㣬»ǽһϵԼϲ-
-
⼸ôϴԼŸԵӣ¥ͨɺɴ
ѰӺԺΪⷿȴһˮֲɫȾɣʯѣþ֯Ľ˿͸ɫװ㣬ʩʣ·ɾһ㡣
պЩ̷̷ֹ㾫µڰڻͷһҡ
֣ʮһӦŮǰֻ˵Լðӣ¥żøλѡðҲλŮϲ
λ뿴ΣѬƵĻ㣬Ķˣ壬λŮ档
ƽǧǮǮҲãˡ
Ǻ˼ǳַû棬ۣżҲδɡ
˱ǮѽʱΪůů
õʲô㣿Ǵδõ
ҲֻżϾӾΪǮֻմһַˣŴЦһһһ˵ѬΪ㣬㻨࣬ٽ壬뽪ӵ۳ƬպҺѬ¡
ڴֻõϣ֣û㷱
֣ʮ֣Цã˼ϸɣѹˣɲ˽ЩÿɶҪһġ
֣˵ﻰҽλӣѵǮʹ𣿡Цţ¥ȥѡһ¥ż䣬Լʹ
ϲİʽңһһ׵
˸¥ȥ¥ռҲʮֿż仹ɸԺо£нͿǽտյŹŮǲá
¿ǿļˣһһֱҪһӦ·Լҹ뷿һ㡣
Ҵǰ˼ˮƵģƹӳݶǸɫʣЩ͹ڴ˴֣ʮһָ·Ѿһ㡣
ΪýģҪƷѡֻȴܣȴֱ֣ʮס֫
͵ӵĺˣÿǧҪ£ǳ⡣
˼ˣ׷ҪԼҵϣҲֻ˵Ǻ
ҵûˮõӿҵҲҿۡŮִ֣ʮԴӻʵ˴ͻگ飬ҴҲЩҪúǡ
˵м̴Ƶı󣬻Ϳڣûʶ֪֣ȥ
ȥҹĸڴ˼٣Ȼǻޱȣϧ˶ϣȻҲһ䡣
˽Ц֣ʮ￪ڡ
лһܽο磬ۣƣ·Ƽڷһ㣬ʮ־ɡתݱ󲻳ɣ絹ǿһԣ뷨ӻͼֽһܰϿɺã
۾ˣ⵹ʮƯģѽǵһ ľҶҪ뽳˺úĥɽ֮ǲ÷ƣûô̽ƳɱĻա
Ů˵Ҳۡ
ǶöԣǱʹ͸ҹĸģĸöңÿֻвϼСһùþͨЩɵͺãʮЦ
ȻǺãֻһ㣬ˡ
޷㾡ǡҹĸ˵һС㳹ʮֶǺϼӺá
ڸ˵ʱҲˣʱ׺ԼƵϻһݣקס˹Ůǵߡ
ѽǺδ˾
ƣĻá
µĲ˹Ȼϲ׺ǰһһܣԼͷƵģͼɫ׶ȻͷĺЩ
֣ʮռЩʮϲԴ˺ʹĶһһɰ
ʧЦֻܱһٺϲ̵Ůϻ
ֻƵΪγ͸ɫǣұֻںӱЩϻɼ
ֻΪѵãҲżȻŵһֻʯťɫץ۵úܡ
ֻ͸۵ģ⽫ҩΣԽ𲭵ױ̨ϱ滨һ㡣

һֻֻÿֻҪ׷Щ
ȻҲѽϻƳɱҪȥʮ죬ģֻһΣŴС˵ҪǷԼβܼӹһֻóֻͽǣǲˡ
ǲ룬ƲŮŰݣ׷˵ȷĸã˭Ҫʲô
ձ㵽Ůϻӣȥ¥ϦʳѡʱĹʯź͹𻨽ŵʳƱյƣֱɢ
Ҳѽ
⿿ԼҳڣֱڸԴֻظȥúýԡЪϢ
ָܣ˲š
泵УչһЦݣǽ۵òᡣ
ѽҲ֪˶ľʮﻹȥءڴ˸ǷҲЩˮ
ֵȥһӣӤȭһֱе±ӳ˽ȥ֪㰮ʳӺһζá
⣬ͷǶЦüչ±ŰƤ
һֻ㡣
ЦϸգűܿԴҲۡ
壬ȥпɺãʡ
ײ壬ЪϢһ𣿡ӡȥۺۣЩ⡣
ֻһίģڼԼѧԵ̲ǡ
л˵
㷽á


62 
߸ߴһɾ, šеίģҲѿ
ֻҡͷ, ڵð, ֻҪЩţҶ˯һźá
ȻʱӿɺãȥЩϺзΪ, ȥ, ͵ʳˣͷɹ, һʵúܡؽڶյг̶ź, ЩȲõ˼
ãġЩ, Ҳʧҹ֮ټ⡣
һһڷߣ⺬ţű˵˲УֻóȻءͷ³׺һͬųȥȻް
ҹ΢ڲ, ֻֽ, 㲻׽Ҳһۡ
ʵ࣬ҹ̻¶⡢ֲֻģ, ƻɺ, ܿ⡣ҹߵôæ, ܶһ֧, ѹÿҹҪϸ˽δ
ˮ֫ٺ͸˵泩޲·һҲ߲ꡣ
һ̯ӣҹЩƣӿҪЩӽƣһͷۡ
Ƿӵĸ˾飬æֵС룬Ǽҵӿٺòġ
ͷΪȹõƹްӡ
λЩʲôʱĹ裬СӿҪʰСٺЦʡ
̧ͷ˿ţ˵յա
ãλԺ򡣡
˼Ϊصһñյ𻨣е֮һӱŷСյУˮһˡ
лһͬ
΢ɬĲű˱ǶĹ㣬űЩС֮ֻԼϲҲһϲ֪Ϊλģʱ֮ȥϲŭֶԼǣҶǣֻ˵ȥЦ
ձߴЩ΢죬Ũܾ֮£˫յʮֹɿɰ
ָ⣬̲סȥգ˰֡
̧ȥԴֲײȥ
ùȵػذַȥ죬̲סǣҡһӦұãֻǡ
ǣڷ߾͹ˣȻҪҡʵ˿ۡ
вʹЩԹҲܳɣĪҪڴ˷ɵˡ
ŵ͵ЦҾǿģæôЩڼӣɵһЩҲ޷
Ӳ𣿡ʮ¶ǸģӲŻˣȴ˵ɵʵҵġ
ˣæЦõʵһ׾ǴӺδѧģ죿
ȻʦͨӲͳһ𣿡һɫӵԼУθߴµͷ˴ǸԼ˿
ȻһףòʵɾԼ˭ܲģ
ǣȷʵһף߰գЩظЪϢȴֱ˻ȥ
Žһſǰʾǣֲ£ֻͷһæǣˡ
츮ǰʮֹأվñֱֻȻȥأĪ㡣
ãҹ𣬻ӢҲЩЪϢǡ
-
ʱʰͣһխ۷ٱ밢˵һͬš
ȴǰ磬ֻһ۷Ƽ򵥣ǹ˼ģͷҲֻϵڷ𣬷ҲԵסͦηˡ
Щ⣬ƽȸƵĻ֦չʵټ
ѯţԵɣ
츮ΪСʦרŽ̵򣬴ᵹҪʦصʦĻǡһذʦģ
ʧЦֻŴʣʦȥĶʱǿŶûˡ
Цˣ֤Ӱԡ
Ԧһҽŵֻ꣬磬ڿ˲࣬ԶżɫʳϺ㡣
AúãɫзA𘣬Իƾ֮ϺзƢθһЩ̽ȷ档
ȷʵúܣǴδڱżƵġ˫۾ʮڴʳģ
롣̽ʦǰ㡣
Ц۽ǽţɵϡ
зA𘣬˵ΪԼ衣
ϣλԺ򣡡Щը֮С㣬ȥ·Ը
ԤˣӻȡһϸƤΪʹñҷżֶ׼ģԣϲ֣
벻Ӣϸģʵڽ˾ϲЦŽӹףһ˫ԣֺӢôģ˺ʣ
Ȼһ˫ֽٻˣ֪ܲߴ𣿡첻ߵòǣ
ץһлˣֻЦŵлϸĺǻȻˣҲüƽģʦAҲӦǣʦãǮ
ЦÿæѹסЦ⣬
»ͷúܣһзAڶŨ㣬˿ʳָ󶯡
ճ͵̿ڡЦݵغ£ֻƷ
зۻз㣬ƻЩϺӹ룬ηлƾA磬ºʮã̾ҳӵĺգзǵζаķԵ˷Ҳзĺԡ
ſԵ⣬ԼҲʮֳ죬ҪһչԼķˣ˴ǰȸģ
⹭ʱùġۣ칭ۿżףͬһϣ׼
Ŵʮ׼һֻ˰С
ްǰСЩˡЦЦοֻȿԣĪҪֲǡ
ˬҲʮʡ
ڴ˴˰ʱűЪϢƬ̣ԼȥȡЩˮ͵
ʣ¬ӣһλɾ̽ǰ
ףƺǵô˵òֻڵҲ¬ӣλɾϴˡ
Ҳϴմɾ¬ӳɻ飬źôҶ......СҲ֪Щ˶˵ӡ
ЩڨڨͷˣʵǶԲס׼ͷɾѿˡ
СɾմЩ⣬æ˵ﻰǴϲӣˣֲأֻ......ԵԵɴס˶ѡ
δ˵ڣֵҶˣ䣬ǽľӣںԺйְϲ䣬֪ɷпպһͬϰһ
ɾһԼƵƤ˵糺ͬεɾҲţ˼
û뵽Լһӣһõñ
˰벽ֻлɾֻƽﲻУҲƴ˵ҼɾɾԿɺдһ
˲Щʧ㷢Ҳûгɻ飬ֻ̽ʵСԭѳɻô
Ѷס
̧ۣ§ˮңڲԶԲ֪˶ãϻЩЦ⡣
µã֪ʹõСӡ
л˵
Ӹ29ûиĺ׽棬ллԸһֱ׷Ϲ=3=
ҲҿҵרԤա³Ȯx


63 
ǰжһ䡰Ϊ, Ϊ߳ɡҲ仰ǶϽһ, λСӻɻ, Ǳǻлġ
˶ִŵӿʣ֪ӹգҲóƺ
֪ϵҲ޷˵Լƽ֣ʮһˣĹŮǽʣҲ֪òýŻˡ
, , һּӱǡʩʩȻˮ߽ǰ߼۽ҡҷ, ЦŸ䡣
ںԺйְ, ɲƷֻϤɹ, Ҳгμš
˵òȡˣѾڽδ÷ЩЩФһֻ֪䡣
ӣλǡװģһ˫ȴڴɾ
㷽ŲƵ»ҪЩʲô̡
⸹һֵλɾΪ, ǰѩŨɻʱ, Ǵɵࡣ
ԭɾҲ, ֪ɾɻǵãǰ, ɫؽ, ֵ, ĳ¬ϻ鳵ˣҲǴġ
տĿתȻ֪źȥѰ˭ĴңֳֻռһȻδ
ȻǵãԵ䣬ֺһϰһǸ׾˹ĵĿСɾȴһ¶Ҫߵ͡
䲢أ˵ٴӸݸѡţΪƾٳĳҲѧϰ䱾£ںԺеͬ٭ҲٮٮߣǵСǰȻҲҪչʾһ
治ɫͷȻԸֻҧҪⲻ֪ߵغСһų
ðҲòֽţջλɾָһ
ͬһѹԹƽĿһת㿴ǰѹԿڵӿɷ蹭һã
⹭ŵģܣڵӽϰյģĹⵢˣɾĹա
Ƭ̣ջ˳ŵ˼ӹĹе̫ƵģЦɾһۣļͷһͬǱߵдȥ
СɾһҪڽոʤһǡ
ͬεɾǼҲ£׷ڶ̽ͷ̽ԣ뿴λɾʤһ
ţֻҲ֪ôֱģˮҰӣݸãЩˮЪЪգҿɾӢˡ
αԣ⡢䡢䣿ѡգĳȻ㡣ȡͳƵĹִ˲ңֵй񲻿ɵ˫ţгʤ佫֮硣
䣬һУ߶Ϊʤ׽ģʱ칭
ֻСֻұ벻Уȴұ˭ø׼Щ
á۰׳칭ʱŷϵУҲ߬סĿ⡣
Ǵǰ߱߷żʵǣһųȥȡһ֧˳һ֡ۿǼֻУʸкģ˹ƻȶԼЦȥɾɾˡ
һҲ䣬䲻׼ͷҲڲδѰУ¶֮⣬ֻȥŤͷͬ𻰣ӼЦˣƽʫ飬δ뵽Щˣԭǲ֡
Żҧʮ־ǿֺʾſߣֱӿڴϣ
ɾԷƱϣǺѡ±ѡաƤЦⲻЦԳȳΣһɼ
Զ˶һǽ˹ݰУͬʱڴ˴
ź⣬ƽ׼ֻһšƿ֮죬ٿǲݰмΡΡӰǽϵ
ֹ䣡
֪ʦӺˣںδ߾ͣ濡Ĺ򡣡
˵Цָһ
˺һۿȥŵһֺգôԶľ뻹һٶУǲٳӦھЧǡ
ûνǫһЦɾú䷢ˡ
ͷȥһЦ⿴һķŵ֪񣬻һζʮ롣
ˣǰ˹ĺģһãֿŵʵ书ǱȲϣ֣ͬҶᾡһЦ
һΧ۵ɾԿ⣬϶¶ЩЦֻЩΡСɾżڶ棬ľȳ
ֻƤʤǽǽǰܵǧ䡣
ȴЩϵ䣬Ҳ˰ǽϵĲݰУֻǲδֻһµء
ӿ֧ɻã
һһλɾЦظȥڴ˶죬Ҳ˴
֪Сɾ书Σƽ£֮أһǣŪϹŵɫҫܹԦԼӵԷҲá
ã롣ϴŵЦ⣬ֻò̽ʾ
Ҳֳݵ֫濴һȡĿӥȡ¸ڱϵĳ䣬پβû֮С
˺ȲʣЦԼ䣬Σӿɻϲ
ԺЦ˳Դһ俪ڣֺ磬úñԣֶָҡ
ŲÿɷֻǰаУɵʱ²ȣùұĻڣȻҲ˰С
ǲ˼˵ͷԼּѪڰյǰӼЦˣҡҽʧ֣ˣӺʦϷոһ¥
»һ֮룬ճŴæý֣֪ӿӿҰ˴ɤŵ࣬С̧ۿҶὫӵϴĸɸɾõӻӡ
ںͷĿ࣬¾бүɾ
СɿǸ׾ĸоӾǺڵģߵͣûӽ⡣
ֻãԼʤһ
УɲػˣҲʡȥ鷳üۣ½ϻΪϣ޽ƣо˵֣ҪѪɾźá
þ˴ķף½ϵӰϡ
˱ˣɺúˣϵĹպ˵Ҳ١ŻصߣҲһģ
㿴ǹҽҵֶˡ
⿴Լеһ˫ʧЦ˵˴ˣҲûеģ˵Ӣǹ۲Ŷԡ
ǰֻ˵𣺡ʮ־ˣ书׿Ⱥɫ뻳Ӣлظȥˡ
ЯȥıӰֿڣ»ֱǣǺҲá
˲ףֻˡ
ͷб¶Щƹۣǣ֣˹Ƶġ
ȥҲʲôߵ̬ô˵ˣ
Ҳ˵Ų޲ýˡ
Ӣ˵ЦŶҡз
ôᣬҼãɼмϲҡŶǣֵ֣һ͹ظѶףҪҲ˲֪ܡ
֪ŮɶףҪǰ
Ҫһװ飿ʵڷˣ
˵ʦҺúỵ́Լ˼Ҳɣ
¶СһŽűʯӣЦͣҪˡ
ԺƵߡҲù죬ɾ棬ôˣ
ǲģҲǡüԸˣ»ǲȥգҸԺҲ˰гУʺϰ
տˣѰҸЪЪΣԼȥŷԼЩˡ
ãȥ¥ΣЩǼҳµˡ
¥һݶ½ȥã
³űµдʮҪɽԣЩæúܲ㣬ɻңʵʮ᲻õȥ׽ָ⡣
̧һۣȻ
ձˣˣѺ¬Ҳĸȥţնչĸ׺׵ܣѾףŮҲҪ湫һԦ䣬ʱ֣ͬʮһ顣
ŵָ⣬ֵǼңǧװʶģ©ڶѽ
ͣԼ˵ĻԵͷɻӷģֻѾ̽ҪϢΪλҪһ֣ͬ
ȻЩǮ¿˼ڳﱸ֣ʮﴦͨϣЦŴ𣬡֣ʮΪ˺ˬ󷽣ĵҲǼõģΪҲδɡ
ֻǰ˿ɣ񣬲Ըʣ˵ǰĿ˵Ļ
£ǰһֱԳƱʫ֣ýʯΪʸ˼ҵĹŮ˵˲ٱ֣ʮ֮Ļ˱㽫۾ͷϣⲻ֪˼Ҹ
ǺúõһСӣҲδʲô¡
ҲǺŷ֣ʮıԲֻǴǰЩԵˡ
ŵã˵ҶúӵĻҲҪЩ˶࣬ԦҪʸۣһᰵǲλŮȫ
֪ˣһöӣŴߣҶ˸˾ְ°빦
ſЦɣſĵ
-
ҹϴԼıͷﵽϵԺ
ţǧȥϵС
ţڻ̽ͷ̽ԣʱ졢ҪͰＷһŴǰ㡣
ƤˣĪˡϿ飬Ц˱
ٺһЦֻ˵밢ˣδͰ˯òУ
ǰߵЬĸܰĻУһ˫סϵļ羱ͷ
ʧЦһߣڳһıɲʱǰ㽿Сˣ±ӴЩ
⿩ЦһӶӣҪء
׵ϢͷĸЩΪˣҹǰҪиĸ׵ġ
ѹͷ˼ֻѹɤӿڵмҪ㣬ǧ򲻿ɼҲɸˣǼҵ͸Ҳɣ𣿡
࣬ЩԼĹͷ΢
ǡ
Ϣˡ߬ĸ׵֣ɱŲ
Ȼһ˫Ŀڴּæ˵ɤɳ˵ʲô
Ϣˣ׿ˣںڰһЦסϡ
桢桭ϲȴûŮĶڴֻŤͷڱ֮ᣬˣϢˡ
ĸᣬʵɺʱңǲȥӭ
ĸ׻ǵҷ˵ĲţЩʧһΣҲܻؾ
˴˵Ǳˮģĸ׿֪Ǻ뺦ף
˱ϲɫ⻰˴ǰ
ҡӦ֪Ǻˡ
л˵


64 
ֺ׷Ϊǫ, ƽύ࣬ҶЩŵùĺѣҲδʲô, Ҹǲܣڵʱǰ, һ˭֮ԼˮֻΪıƣ
ֳЩԵɫΨһ뵽Լҷִ, Ҳֻˡ
ǰ, ϰƽʱְطǯŷĲ, Ժ, ׺ǵ˵Щʲô
Żˣæȹȥ, ߵ͸קؾԼķ
ֺ׷ɫͨ죬췼ϿǺ˳֮ǰʲôģ
ֳɲˡϵļ磬˴͸лԺӣʷԵȴһֱöֺ֪׷Դ˱տڲ̸, ֻԼӲ, ٲ¡
˫۷죬ԴЩ, ϸϸ, Ҳֻˡ
ǰǸģĺ, ЮԼֵܡ
Ҳֻˣ
ŮԼ, ϸϸ˼û֤ݣƾһ²²Ҳͽ޹
㸸׵ϢǴӺζģ侲ֻԼŮ
Ÿ֪ҵģﻹǵ֮ǰҪһöƵľǸæȥѰټ
½Ϊʿ̽ϢȻǸЩֻڷæʣ֪˭˸ף˭
϶˶񣬻ŮҲֻǲ²⣬֤ݣҪүҪЩǡ
ͷĸ׿ڡ
ְط硣
ֵ߬ӣȷ븸ִִҪ
ʲôòı㣿ʮֲ⡣
ְطҪϮ㸸в㸸Խȥⰲƽӡʮ侲ڻ֮¡
ɶҸ֮ϣλ䵽ͷأ
Ϯɸͣ游ʱûٹȰ㲮ϽĪֻҪ⣬һ˼ţҲֻԵˡ
һزþɷ񴫷Ż
˭µ֣ʹɣв̽ǣ»˴ݾߡ
ĳε㸸׵ϢҪлүһž۶ҪŰлǡ
ɵصͷ˵Ůˣİա
-
³ţʵȺµд֮񣬿ȴǽȻͬġ
ǻʵǿ彡칭ңʮƤУо䱪¹Уͣƹ֣Ǳǻʵ屧ùԼִ񣬰ҩǼЧˡ
Թгﱸʱ㰵˴֪̽Σȥ˼г£Ҳֻ̽űΪ١
ٿ٣ҧֻʹЩʲôֶñ¶¼ǡ
ӣʵ۴볼һͬǰµǰ񣬹ֹɪݣٴ;飬ڽ°ˣڼʵ䡣
ʵۿӣŴڵǰ֮ϣλǧţǰ˲ЩźԭʵӻЩǰЩвں󹬶ŭĴԣʺ󶼱⣬ҩЧǲ㡣
˾Ĭֻʵ۷ԲЩʱӢֻƿ֮߸˼񣡡
ڳݺأڼǰ䣬ԶıƤУʵۼ֮Цſޣִȥ߽͡
ɸλҺʹͬȥ߽µͣȥ߽·ƣ֣ЩӾڻʵǰТӣλ󳼷׷ùɶԸѵʣλʱ칭˼ǰΣЩлв֮ĵӣԹ壬Ƿıʣ
Բɷ׷ײĿв׷ʼҵĿ֮󣬸Ϊפߵ佫½̰ڮһ衣
ʵֻЦЦһȸģԲӣλ󳼼ڳ͢ڽɽ𢣬ޱУʲôüɵģ
ϽʮֶݣֻҾʥԸΪҹͿѡ
֪ʧԣæ򸸻ʡλǸ
ʵ۴һƣֵҽеʽǰмճͬӪ½ϴΣòԸԸһԣֳ̰жݡ
˻ʵ۱һӦʧܲǡ
-
ҹŻظϴȥһЩȥԺǽ
ϴǰʯ̽·ʮԺеĻǽ£ڵ˲ǰȥҹǱģֻӣұޣЦǽָĴֻǰ
ֻֻۣεӰͶڴϣǴһһϣڻһ㡣
֪̤̺һһ򴰱ߣָϴأȻץסŵ
µŵһ飬Ц˳뻳ٽӴڱ˳
յңʵѧˡʮ㣬뽫ȴס
ûЬءϷź⣬ЩʸһȥЬٳ
źЦ룬ػȥЬˣ̤ѥϰա˵ű㽫£ϸԼ¼ǽµǧһͷڷ٣ֱϣߵҡҡλΣʮֻ
ߣǷȥЬĺá˽ţҺҹԺˣȻҪЦ
ЦǧϣڳһԼȣӾڴ˴ɺãʮֽʵ̹Ҳֻһź
һֻ˵ȥԱǼǧԽ̤ѥϡ̧ͷţȴֻǧӦȥһݲǣΪ£װ׵Լ׽
ҡҡͷֻһ㽫óЩԼ̤ϣſڵҽǸֲš
ֳЩɫæֽӹ˷ߣϸϸԺ޵ƣűӻͳһضӣȼ˳֮á
ֺ׷дôæֻ˵ºȥɽһǳȫӿ˰ã˵Լ⼸δ׵ְʮΣֻؾ֮ϤĲ
кᣬֱϸĨȥˣƽϢǱɺͲúžۡ
ͷллţٽ¿
ֺ׷˵ǰˮĺö硢µİƽ
˰棬һͬˮٳûֺ׷ˮУװˮߡʬ޴ģ鲻ʬףˮϸϸѲ飬ηֺ׷ټһţҲز˰񾩣Ҳ޺Ů
ϸϸ˵òǷϷ㣬ɰԲ̽һֻĪҪݾߣҲҲ֤ʵְط
ɫѴӰƽ˳Ҫβ̽еأ
ŴǴһĨЦ⣺ھְұЩӣֻǸе£֡
ţĸ¿Լεڵأĸʼ¶꣬ҲѼ˳ȥôⲮк˿أ


65 
⽫żպ, ˳㣬ڶ˵˾޷Ȼķӡ
ԼβԺ, ο, ż콫˶һΪ˿̧̽ͷһԭԺǽϻйһֻè, ư, ɫһë޵޻Ժж˱פһ, ˡ
û뵽վܱèšʧЦ, һö˴ǰһɨգ˼ʷɡ
Ǹ˼ҵС, Եúܣҹ˯ˣ̧ܳ׷βͶȥֵƽղɻˣŤӻв䣬ɤҲ, ˿ʮȡ
˵ӪгµèСè̶, иĻɫҪһֻǴЩұ˳ǧϵ, ֱ, ʮȻعԼС
èͬ𣿡
Ȼ, Сè, ĸèҪǸϳȥŻģʱѡһֻҲáн˽ʮָ
ͷ˵ãҶᱸС㣬ʱСèƸ񡣡
ãǱһΪҹЩСèѡһֻǱƸһֻ
죬˾֮ʱݣֻ뽫ٲȥʱЩСزᱧڻУȥʱҲˣЩްգĪҪԺдˡ
˼±ϣҶи飬ĪҪҲźáɫᣬöգСؽ˷Ž
֮иżߵǽȴһ顣
һ˫̤̺˫δɣǲ㣬æŲ£ҹпʰͣңܻϲ
ü˹졣Ƶġ
ʧЦһë׵Դ⾱ĥ䣬Ц࣬ȡͷôȥӨ׵ѩһսæƿ
㡢ʲôúܡһݺ͸߬ŵڲս
ýˣԲסӡЦֻʣϷɫЩ׽Ҳףҹʰøɸɾܷ𽵹һ׷󣿡
ӷ޼ӣǦ٣иʤ֡һſյüȴδǰȥǵ

۽ޣԴֵͷһֽľò
ȣǼĳ̴Ϣڶ˴䣬ֻŲ֪ǴŵӶԼ£Ϊͷ˼֮顣
ϻĶӼˣôҲǰҴ󵨣ֻ׶ĸǰǣٲָ˻أòҿš
ɬģͷ䶯ǻֱҪǲѧᣬǵǡ
һס֫һס򢣬ؿ糺գա
ǽȻͬĳʪ˱ǣᣬҪÿһһҪܵԼİ⣬һ糺컨䣬δҪϸպ壬ܻسǡۣк¶ϸ죬ȴֺܲϧֱǴϸȥϵϸ¶飬ŷŹ
СèĪˣһҪƸèءɤЩŻ˳˵űҪش
ЦãΪܲһ˷Ӧæסӣֻٵһȡ
ҿţֻʲô
˶٣ʵ罫ƸðˣֻţҪòĸ׿ϲźãֲؾұƸ
մЩʡģȽ㡣ִӻȡһ·У»شСè㡣
⿴سҹɫȥˡ
Ž£е˵ŸľһֽΪׯǮׯĽʵһʲƲһӡд⴦òӦʡ
в֪ǺãֻýսױƵײ㣬պ롣
-
ʮ壬ʵҳҾɽԣȡԼ棬ҲգҼһض顣
յûʲôأʵŮͽгԣٽҲʹ³ʾػ
˿ԣУ֣ʲôơ˼ɻλڼдޣйٻ˼ŮǴ඼ڴˣմһɫխװʮ񣬺֣ʮȹŮһͬͷһأ֣ʮŮǴǰ飬úӦ˵Եָһݶֻ迪ǡ
֣ʮ书߳ԴŰȹѣ˿Ƶģɿѵڴһֻβҡҷҿ㶨Ҫ˫㣡
˵ű˫ʹס׼зɹĴ㣬һңһ㣬ЦΣ
Ĺ⻹ͷһؼ˫۾סʮ⼸λӵЦľҿǵİգ
һȺŮǾΪˣͷЩӳཻԳҪѡʱλ̹ϲźá
ŮˣǰӪЪϢ֣ʮԸ̴ӽʰãȡëΪԼһٽһ˳⣬ֻ˵ҲǸͷףԵ˳
ȡԼľ¹λӷ˰ǰТһ¡
ձҪ飬ջԳ֮һչӢˣΪʵõֻ˵Ϊţңңţһڹڻʵ࣬Ҳһ㡣
ֻͨһЦҲ˵ˡ
Ϧ£ʵ۽ԵõֳݻعҲΪհʡЩ
ŻﴧżСèǹ˰ַǴ󷽷ЯǰΪСһС¼ձСŮȥˡ
˴ǹϣԺеĻŴӻｫǼСèȡѡԴһ
ֻΣƤѩףϽӲӵĻƣʮŻΩΩФСèĺ붼ġ
ٿһţֻͨƻƵĻֺ꣬Բģ´üۼЩ̬֮
ЦҡҡͷһֻڰĻè׽èӵβͣһֻɫצױСèӣһֻȴһɫëСèһֻһֻڣԴЩʲݣŻüĿʱһ
ֻÿҾҪֻʮϲֻʲݵĻҲ֪Ե
⽫ǹһ㣬˵ģĶÿˣʮֲ⣬ֻЦѡѡֻɫģŸɰЩ
ҾϲɫģҽƸɺãЦؿͼʱͿʼȹȥǽȡһɹ˵ɣ͸µèӣƸСŮɡ
Ҿϲòã
ܲס˷ֻڴӦȤԺƸʱЩī
л˵
ףҹ֣ڿģ


66 
ӳɻʵ, һۣԵĹ⣬̫ξλʹ, ŵһ·빬ݼۺ
˵, ɻʼҸΪ£丸ųɵĻ飬պλһͬ븮λݴʷ֮Ů, ĸ׳Ҷ, Ҫ·ϵ, պڵز̫ù, ˵ɵĴ»һա
ⲻԲ֣ʮ￴ֱŮԼ¿ӡ
Ѳõò, кð̺ɫЩҲ񷬰ɫ̫ڣڴ˴ʡ
ŮϸΪŮ·һ·ϻ˵õż䡣
аһܻͭοκУȼ, ζȴŨ, 档
ϴβ˵Ĺ, ±Ƴˣ֣ʮ︧ϻҶ·, ֻÿ, Ҳʮֺ, ƽõǰŨҡ
ЦŽ쵽ͷȥ˼㰸Сɹܣڽ㣬ұһľڴòͷ㴹֣ʮǲˮŵĲʵһգӳòʹңʵ֪ȿδźá
Ҳ˶ƵģͷټˮӳĹ⣬ֻһյҲܻ財֪ŮϲЩʲôʢ̫ƽ˶Щ۵ĺ
ϰСͷ鱴죬ŮǴҼԼµһۼϲ㿴ǽԼһѲʹϲ֡
ⶨ¥ϯ棬¥ս¶øʹ졣λŮǽ²˵һһϣѬҵ㡣
ҵСҲʮָˣǰЩϵ¶üĿǼǰģֻǲסĳǼұȥһ⡣
һͬ⣬ǰЩӹּ⣬ѡΪ̣˹پ㶼ͣˡΪϱ߿ٺҲ޵СͨѰЩϺõɺϬ֮Ҳʽıһְٰ֣ҵĽȻҲˣ֣ʮﲢδ˵ЩʲôֻٱأҪʶʶĺñ
һʱｻϯʮ֡
Ʋ˰뺨⻹ǿ˿ڣλԭǻһҪ˵
ŮЦﻹ˷ʱ򣺡ֻǣз
գգֻۣ˵ԭ죬ֻ½׽ŪƵġ
СֻյӼ
֣ģǰƽ֮Ů֮ԸĻཻΪз˸鲻ţżٽաֳЩɫǺǽԸҽύҲ޻˵
յٱˡ
֣ʮ˰ƽüָʲô飺㵹ýȶ˸ʲôŵģ
⿴ЩΪѣ㽫ĸʹЩ˵ֶΣʹ붨Զһ¡
ŮˣϲɸֳЦԭǰ߲Ⱦͭղ֪ҲǸΪ˲Ʋ߼ݺõġ
֣ʮһյǵֱ˵ǰƽּҵŮɣǶ֣Ƕǳα롣
λؽ±Ļ˵ˣ׷⸮ֵúã˵˴ҲЦ
ԭǸֶºĻ£үˡ
ĹŮλСӣ֪֧ǵļ£ֻԭǸ߻ģڼĸ׻ţ͸ţֻ۸ãȥ˻Ƶģµĸ˷ּҲɣأӽ˭֪ǸסģȥѫҳΨΨŵŵģ
ֻƽһˣԼĻ£ֵܹ˭˸߼ޣȴûǷݾӪı£Щ˭òɡ
ŮЦ˵ҲøܵһλԶĺɾ
̹ǰ㶼ȥˣЩʮǢҲδںʲôݣ֣ʮһЦ㲻Ҳ𣿡
-
ֵɫȻˣ⴩һɵԲ۷ϵδϵӷ˹ֻ𿾹һĺСèůţһ£ظ۷ȥѰ⡣
ڴߵֻЦŵ
Ѱֻװᣬͷձ㵱СèĴ齣СƿϵЦƲȥ
ǼҿģǼèſģʮίֻǣԼӵһȴֵס
СèأԴ´ţȴδСèЩʧɤҲ˼֣ûⱸġ
ʧģæǻȥȻˣ㿴˯ˡ˵űǣ֣һ۴Сè壬˲Ҽһ
ţָȥСèǲҪů̽ͷŻﹰСԴ
ڣ̽ͷһֻë׵Ķ˵ʮֽһ
ѽϲˣ˫ֽ˳Сèëɫڻ䣬ձһ㣬ǻδ˯ƵģתȦѰȥŵë
˶Сȥֽߡ
ôͲÿˣ㿴ƯҲá´ֹסſޣ汻Ƹ𣿡
ʵڰϲģȴЩ⣬Լ㿡ٱɾǰȲ˵Сèſһ㽫ԼСè֮䣺ϲƲ𣿡
ʧЦ˫ȻƵü㣬㲻ᡭһֻСèĴ׶Ҫ԰ա
Ų֫ȻҼ㻹ۿأʵҵġ
Сè˯ŤһƤ죬ϣٺ̸ãطֱ
-
ΪԼӱ˳ʳ̧۱ڴܹһĨβ͵ߵܹĺӰһӱʧ˳
ѽǸʲô֣ӷ˺Ӳɣ˵űҪȥѰ֦ҪǶϳȥֱЦõ
ֻСèʲôӡڴЦţСè±˳ƣϲ
Сè⻳Źػ̧Żɫ°ĥ䣬һ˫̵Ҳβͼӣʮ̹⣬ĺ
ӺʱƸģǾ֪ʮָֺ̽ȥСڱͷ׺Ҳ
Ƹġ
ԼӴһδźүǰ˯һˣ׺һۣԴЦٺԼ˵Щʲôιźá
гÿЩϺǼѼ߽ǣСιá
ʲôãԭΪԼӻƸһֻѩŰĳëСèû뵽ֻ裣ֻδվ̿ƵģͷצǺڵġ
Цľ̿ˣҲλСӣɲ˵
СèŻ飬Ƭ̣㻽գ
л˵


67 
ת, ͢λҲ˰öµļ٣ҲϳҲæĸ׷д㸮µ, 
, ӣǱ߽ǲ˵÷ҲһһӻЩ, û뵽ƽһ
ǰЩǲ, Ǿˣ, ǶҪǹȥɡ², Цҡҡͷ
ֻ˵ŵӣΪС
ŮӼ, ţϷǰˣʹΪңӽ겻ʮ꣬ﻹ֪ͷ˶ٴĥ
֪ͣСмѹ
ǰͷգһȥ˻, Լۡ
ҲձҪؾ, ˿ɽŵõ, ΪƵ, ӹһȴȵģΪԼ, ˶ɵӲɡ
, ҪΪӣ߲ͷǱ߻ظҪԹ䡣ֱڿ죬
üԸЩµģٵĸһͬȥ
Ϊǰһִ˽ǵı֣ͷһѡһŮԵֻϣŮһ˳ƯѰλ߻ǲƲɾ㽫Ϊһ
߬һ˫۰ڻ֮УֻԴ̵̻ĸͽǰ
еĸǰڣֻ˵µõ裬ȴû뵽ԼڣϹСﲻأ־ͽǹ̲С̵ֱúӲҪв¡
ĸŮһ˸첲һ˺ֻ࣬ôһҪظ
Ůǹϲȴãյӱļ
ղϷ˿ɺãŴɫԻ
ĸĽ㣬һӦãҲĸ㰲񣬴µﲽҡεϣ׵Ӳ䡣
һӿʲôϺŮǰ̷ˮֵǸгʲô¶һСǰ㳤أ
ֻڨЦ˵æŶ飬ÿա
ĸĽߵָܷ£ĸòУǴҪȥгԶٱ㷹ǡ
⿴һִٲģЩԭ¶ѽǰЩ룬Ǹˡ
ű˵ǽòտҪúĲǡ
Ӿʱ˵Ļ͵˵˵յĵƻ̻𣬻ˣյģ˵ĻǧԶ˵е
յһյõƣͷˣһŪת¶ЩԣҲˡ
һӦȣСУ׸˼ˣ˵ܵء
ƽӦԺ檣ŮҲжĻϲ
ⲻְطλ¶ѷ˸岻ֽţְطߵҿԣҴԣﲻ檣ǻܽϵģıĸŮһ£ֻҪ룬ʱܵ״ֽ
Ů˽̷˾ֻҪ⻨һūٸıڲĵˡ
˯˵ͷ
Ȥ˵ĸĸͽ÷գҲĸ
ĸ׶һۣǵͷ
ϲæã˵նƣסֻʿΪԼСı·
·㶵˵ͷֻϸ
㶣ģŲϲֻ裬Сȫдϡ
ãҡһظȥСˣʱ֪ʶ١
ֻ˵״ıԼһ£©ֻҪְطԺλСӦ¶ðˡ
ǽ˻̽һ̽Ҳʵ
ⴹŷӣֻ
ĸŮԺȥָǰͷС˾ֲɣˡ
СèϤζβ͵ߵ߶˺ѷΣֱ˳ȹʣסڻ
èʵǸСƨ档ڴЦŮһͬԺȥ
-
һ磬ּ츮ߵӭʱƵġ
Сȥ¬ѧĸʰͣٴЩĲ֮Сｫȫˣ͸غͥŵǳƽȥ
Ź⣬ڳϸϸ˵˼С˼ҲԸķӰ죬͵мʹ㻥ͨϢ
Ⲯͷ£ԵڴǰţϵЦǼ˴δģԶԶ˳֣Сְ˽ŵشţ޲һһӭʵǰڡ
ֱҪ³ЦһִֽۣϣЩڨڨ⣬ֱһ仰˻ȥ
ѽǲĸ߶ĵӣźңЦֽԼֵݸ顣
ūʲôźģ˵ЦˡЦڨڨջȥҲ²³
͸ЦĸŮ룬æͨϡ
գգ۵ϷС𣿹ȰݼϷ˷ȥ˵лء
ǰϷӲֻĸŮϷ˵ԺȥٲһȽſ׷ȥԺ֪ء
Ϸ˵Ŷ˵ǣĸŮ˿ֿӨˮʮɫĿģæԸϺõĲóºúԤʳԺá
ĸŮõɫ˲ҰġһһۣôҲƵģţԺ˵˵ˡ
ϴһµۣ֯Ϸ۵̣ЦżϷ˺ϣ䲽ҡĹʣղӿɰѵˣƯڡ
һ˼ƵģϻЩʲôҩϷҲòУԭΪǳȥСס˭֪ȥ⼸£Ҳޣ˵һӻһסźãǲǣ
Ȼ֪ϴʲô⣬̫ؾǰӻҲƽ˵öգֻԼŮ
ĸԩֶŮˣǿɶ˺ĽţŸĸҲźعôûţͻȻЩʲôƵģѵϵ죬Ķ˽˲ɣ
˿ϻᣬűĸҪú̲飡ĪҪ˼ǡ
ĶĻˣǶһһĻᱻȥϷƫ˻ͷֵǰǲĸӲҪٳĻ£δúչǣȻˣ磬ǰزסա
·ǰЩH¶һ㣬ԴǿеϷ˶ȥ
ͷƵúܣƵǰͷȥҲŹ㡣
Ϸ˷˻ҲֻգТ֪㲻Ϸ˰ӣ¶µԼʲô˵
Ժò֣ɾ÷
һ⻨ڱˣһһ񣬶ļҲ̷
ֻͷһλ糺ȹḾˣСԻȴһ̬ǰ񣺡ĸϷˡأóЩ


68 
ϵͷ, һͬټϷ˺ĸŮˣϷˡˡӡ
һ˫ĿϴתЩʲôҪ˵
ȶԼСЦЦ, ȥĽ, Ȼԭ¶Ѿ˵ˣҲԸΪԼ㡣
Ϸ˵ͷŸϺͶСɾ̷, ޲С⡣
ͦŶ, ܵ˭˶Ҫһ乧, ȴúܡ
Сһַ˵ı½үԵ߻, ŮˣҶŪ˸С, ˵ȥӶˡƫְط罫ţԶǸòУСһɫ
һƤˮ飬ͷҲ͵ģ߸´ĶӣҲӷױ, һŽЦ, Ҳһ
ϼ˸ζ˵, ǻԺЪŰ, ﲻź򡣡
ȴһ彻ӵģĸ̷òãһСġ
ϷҲ̧, ôĺԺ֮¡
һңü, Ϊ˽ظغСӾֻ˵˾㣬㻻Цϡ
ã˱ѼӣﶬʱѼ̲¥úܣǽջϷ˵ĸţ
ֻЦЦԵ˫ŹǵӹǿѼӣٵлˣֻǷЩƢθͣòЩȡ
Цš
˭ϵĶսδż˽ĸŮˡ
ǡǱЩźۿɿڡЩڨڨΪźƬ
ĸ˿ʲôԼˣһӣǰգЦǺȰԼЩֶ졣
˭˵ءһӻһĺãҲȥôЩӣǻĺãһӶ֣ҲЩ
Щò˱ֻмвУǼ˼ʮĳģǲǴǰζ
ԺһֱʰţϸҲðȫµģֻҪôܶ˰ǣһ˿һò͡
һ߶߶˵ţڽ̲סˡ
ָ꣬ڵĸһδڣ¶ԶĻԼһʲô
ϵĿһȥǿֻǺ¡
ͷ̷Ǽˣ档һһｵһҲԼͷָ
һһؾǹٸԭְԭΪ̫̫ˣ̫ʦ˸ɣиλףĸҲпԭ
ĸŮ״ֻֽ˺λһһĭܽĹٶˡ
ĸ׵ָܷļﲮĸնĵգ֪ʱֻţΪǮܶҵ죿ãҽնˣĸ㣿׺ϣϺ轩ֽŲգһѺݺ½
׺ЦЦղ֪λ轫Ŵһѹγҿûǰ³ӵģΪβգ
ĸʵҲˣǲԴǣὫ񾩵شĸ˵Ƽˣ
һɫǧϷ˺⣬ֻרżȣŮǺʱĸɫһʱаϲԴװɵ
ãΪͱˣĸĳЩǿ˿άԼĸס
ԭѽһΪæŶ鲻ÿأЦҩĸǰЩ¶ɶΪ㣬ֲ᲻֪ա
㴫ҵĴҲɾ·ӲŵģٴӶƸгÑĻǲĸҲŻģǰ
ҲǣôȻҪάĸˡ
ʱήһںУֻܽһǳʵޱȡ
ɫ԰ףԼҲ޵ݣ³һ˻Ƶɤӣǰǲĸԣ˵ǶһӣϹͷŽǸ᲻ѽ桢潫ĸţһӿɶˡ
㲻ŲĸҪĸգǺã
Ϸ˷꣬ĳһ⿤˵ھǸϺүģⲻķ򸾶޹ءЩ뵱С˵ӦҲǡ
׹ߣϷ˵治ˣ
ǡǶһˣǡҴˣҡ̵̻ӣۿﵱ漷Щ
ʹʱδǵһˡڣһ񣬡İգҲʹʲô㣬ҰĹӰա
ˣò˶ٷʳȻԺЪȥˡϷ˴żֺͰЦϯ··һ㡣
-
ĸ׻ԼլۡȻ¶ϾҪЩ
жλױ̨ǰ˳ȴһ棬ﺮɪȴʻůġ
ţԺľЩ֮ȴһζ
ճӱӳ˼й˳ʶССıǼ⣬ƴѰζǴӺδġ
ʳУͷĸӣⴰЦһζ
۾硣
Сèѵϴأһһèֺ
ЦŽ˴ӴԼţһ·Ժеķͤڣ·Ҳû߹Ƶģֵ磬¥ʵ֪һԲ²ϯ棬Ļġ
˲٣츮ԺҲˣ
յֱ͵˸㡣
¥ĹҲҪǮġЦŽӵݸԼӣ˱
һһA֣ʮ㣬һ±ů
èڴӷײײˣżҪԼȥôһ֡
ʧЦؽ걧ϥͷһƬϵŪʮֳèӣű۾ż£æ˦Դˡ
è治ʶſβȥıӰǰȥƬ⣬ޱȣѵõζ
ԼûƫҪһڣⷽЩһŴĶǣ߳ŭ
ȻоŻĸЩͷҲһЦţҪιһƬǡ
½ĺͯǰ㶷Ҳ÷Ȥ


69 
ʵЩΥ, ϳʱգ԰ڳһЩҵģ˲ٲ, ʵҲһֻ۱һֻۡгŷ, ͷҲæﱸŰһ
ðգϱڣְƤɽ髵ӽ塣
һһǲ, , ԶոӶҪӲ, Щ֬, ԼĪվ͵ˡѰʯۣһ, ĲͬԻ˪ʱһͬųԣֹٺò
У¿ɲܲߣɾͲˡѳζ, ޲ý¶˵, ˿ҲɳߣҲ泩Щ, ֣ʮܰȥʲô¥ġ
һ˫ü, ԵЩУǶ, ˶ζ, һҪǺɤӵġۡ裬һȥǶõöࡣ
װƵģֻ˵ѽǶ˷ƵģҲ࣬ȷʵѬ˵úܣûӢܵ㲻ʺθ
вԸԼӼǻ̴ɣǶɾһƤСӣֱ֪ܣ
ӾͲܲȥ̴ʲôõġ˰Σվ̲ס˵ڣʮί˿Ƕ೤һ첲ɣÿ
̲סЦæڴ⸱Ŀģʮá
ȻЦˣٽһԼУȵԼϥͷ
ϸֳЩ⣬׽ҲͷʮֽţǰһԼϥͷһӵ¶ſδȥЦ⣬ֻŵս첲ȥ
˴δ׽һ˫ִͷ㶿һſսβŷӦø첲ϣµ
Ŵȴһδֱʹ𾢶Ӳʯãսʣǹģװ׵˵Ըȥ
ǰ׽èȴֻֽŲõסľٶҲ޼
࣬ЦͻСϰգһʵĿݼ⵱浱ĸԸԴԴϵ͸ϴ֮һʱ
㰮ҲŰ˵ɤƻ̴ɿһӣȵɾҲÿҲᲦҵ١
˵ǲȥˣϴǸʲôʲɻҵҵ㣬ƤʤҾеܣȥ߽浱Ĳɣ
ҲվӵФҵʮҲ䲻㡣
ӣͷӶúܣֻǺɾ
ŴյøЩǻĶУֱòļҲҾǴˣԸЩ˽ӽҵӣӾͿҰաҺ޲Щɻ飬Щ۵Ŀͽǲźá
ͤĽ˿ң紵Ͽ֪ǲһײͷȹǴѥϣ۽Ǿһ
ȻҲֻһˣ˵ˣҲݲ֮ӰңȻֻݵһңҲ㰮㣬αشǣ裿ǵĥţʳ̾޲һֱճһӿɻһʵǲǱͷ֮Щ
ǰҽҹ˵ͣ
۽ޣ˫ԴϰԣǱһ㡣
ʹͷʹżҲ
㡭֪˵Щʲôźãֻ߬ȭֱӵ뻳С
Цÿʮĥ䣬ֽǻؽ˴֮䣬õʮָɾĿûиϵȥˣһģ޲§Ҳɿ
ɢȥʱһæЩԼĪڱˣſģʲôȥǣһӦء
һҲձҪؾլҪɣнǰȥҲ˽ζᵢ¶룬ûʲô˵ˣֻ
ܵôлźãıǼ⣬ĵһƬů⡣
ҪлʲôɾΪӷǶЩӦ¶ЦĴ˵ܵģжϲҼ֣
ЦȻ
-
һżӵᡳؾǲ˽ڼӭõ˼ҺҲǰڼ˼գǵõңȫҶȥδ˸ͽĿʵǲȥԵ̫ðƽųһͬǰҲȫ
ĸصǳŴˣڼڻʵ̷ȻҲ˶Զλǰ˵Լδӵ£ЦŮڳеȣҲٴЩ硣
ַˣСӣſڷúܣλСɾڳԺԶԶ̫ĳݱ档
Цлй˺⣬ֻ˵˷ؾףҪлʥǡģȻҪڴ˹򡣡
ڼʥּãԼҲ˵Щ硣
ְطŶӳ˳ţúֶŮֶʥּйվһæǰڼೣǰ̷ԹɫĹȻϳˣʵ޷ıĶ˺ɫֻһӦ鶼ڼۡ
ƽҲˣԲԴü˷硣ڼ࿪ڸˣĴ©
ְطæͷŶڼָŲ֪࣬ΪΣЩ˲࣬öʮǱ
ųǰеµµ֮ڼʳŻӱޣֻٿһЩ
ڼЦ̫ۼűˡ
˫ᣬԭΪҲˣԭһ졣ĸ׵ļͷΪᣬֻ˵ϲ£ټҪ۾ġ
ڴҲֻܳڼǲСڼӭһֻϵ̽Сڼȷס
游
ʦ
˷λѮϳ
뷢԰ףǹ֣һ˫ȴϣɨڳˣ̧ۿ¥ϰŵ㯷һ㡣
ڼֻЦſλˣȺѹٸԭְʹ͵ּ⡣
Яһ˫Ůݼ棬ֱ̫ס֣楶ھиһ˫Ůʵ࣬ȥ㸸ĸװա
ٰ游ȥ̫ĸĸ
ãҾ˾˼ԼҲһ§һĸǣ֣ҲŴǰǼ¡
Ͽɻ鷳дɣɾĸ㱨ϲǡŮǰʣδ̫֪˼ĺʱģ¬ǲȥĺݱƽҪۼ˲ܷ
밢׵ܷ˸ʱԹ˲Ͼûǣ۽Ц߬ƲɵİѱԼҶӵǰ;Ҫ˼ɣ
ͺãͺã¼˰񾩣ˡϸ޷ʮο
ĸҲòϷˣҲÿοһ
ڼЦӯӯǰʥּū澽շ˱֮ǰּλҲýȥ


70 
ǰּ, һ˵ʵ֪ԼĹһֶ޶˽ֽ˹ٸԭְ, ʹɣҾլ, ձסҳӽ
ʵԸڴ֮ͥ³ԼĹʮѵãڳ˲Ӿ̫
̫ʦɣۼҽȥաڼཫʥּ˫ַ, λһ·糾, ЪϢǡ
ʰԺͥ游ס, ȾլݺаáϺۿЦ, 뼸λɾнżҾַ츮լȥ
, ݳȥգ游˹űظԸӦųȥ
ְطŶӼǰæЦλ񣺡׼һ·࣬ҲҲʰˣλһ
ڴ˴ŵŮɾ֪϶Լ¶, Ƥģʮ, ܵһʵ֪ܡ
׼Ҷǰ, ǲ߶, ҵŮѷָ, ֺαˡһ, ȣһ
Ҳ£Ѿڣô˾Ͳԭǡǡ
ְط緳ž͸ǰǰһݣ׾˺󻼣Ҳģ˸ϵȥſĿ֮˼ҵƨɡ
ǰŮ֮ʣǸСҲҳݣúܡһӶ˾ѵҪʮֻţڱƤӵ½һӲɣ
ĸϵɩҲǰӭǰ˼񣺡ĸŴżӻһˡ
أĸδãýˡɩҲǰ֣úǻȥžһ
Цŵͷ𣺡Ȼȥլϴ÷ôɺһͬȥסЩʱգԼլݺٻҲ١ʺá
һźְطȴǶҲ֪ڼЩʲô
ɫݣҲԸʳֿڵүôˣӲô磬Ҫǳȥϴһձ㲻ڴ̸ˡ
˰ݱλ׾죬ǳϻ˰ַլ
ҳЦְطļͷֻ˵үǲǿڳô˶үһĿҲˡһһգĪҪڳǰ磬ظȥա
֪ˡҳɩ°ضЦԼɾı䣬ظԸϯȥˡ
ķӣ̰ĲֲܸϾɱΪѣ
ְطһֿ۲Ķӣ޲Ҳһƽֻ˸ƷСְһЩǸУ븸ĸΪͼı
ظȥⶪۣЩֺϸڴˣְطѹɤӣֻߴٶ
ʱδǳֻųһ佫ǣظʱ㱻·͵ĺ紵˸͸紵ֽŶסˣϵĻԺӵŲԹȥԺ
ӭˣҶȲȴԼɾŭسԺʵôˣ˸ˣ
㻹ʣĺ⣡ĸŮ˲ɣµã˻ˣְط島ëձ磬ȴԽԽֻܳϣЩ°ڰһӣҿװףйּҶһӦٸԭְӦگڹаݣҪ˵֣һҿȫˣ
Ժӣǿɸ𣿵ҳȥˣ
ԭǽͷܵһǻܴӦ
Ͻͷĳһ˲ʱ˫üְطǹֵ㲻֪ûָ㲻̰ͼǰ;¾ֵһͷϣ㵹ͦˣְط磡㻹ǲǸˣ
첱Ӵִֵˤյɴ˦˴ϱһɢ˷٣קϵȥŽְطյ÷˰ۡ
ĸлú˵
ŮǼŵòᣬֽȥһ߾˫ֻȥԺĻԺһȺ۵ײŽĸֿš
ŮֽͭΪϷʰǽ壬ʵॲڶ
ⲻְط粱ϵϵֻһ£аص¿ɵá˸״ҪУҲ̲ʿһ˰ˣ
Ĩᣬؾոɴȫһ˽۳ι㣬Ҳöŵ
Ǽȥҵţ
ְطİﻹУݽСػɣôΪأ
ʱֻ˹ֻʲôӲܱȫһңҲһֱڼĳôθѩؾӦ͵²ǣȥǰ״ա
ѾͷҲ˵Ѱǵ鷳Ӧʳ԰աְطһۣж뽫Ļơ
˵Ƚҵǳ˼Ҳи̡ϿžԼǱģ𳭼Һı
ǣҵ˻Щֵ֣ͬܰҲţʲôôҲЩƲԼպۣɤʮȻ
ɵ𣿵ʱ˼ӻؽԼҹְҲҪˣŤǳ
˵ô죡
ǵڳѰ֪ȥƲǡٽһǮңԼǲ᲻˵ġ૵ȴûְطЦһظǾ䡰Լܲ᲻ˡ
ſһСѾߣתת飬Ҫ¸Сȥ
-
ƽͷƲҵ츮ȴʮ֣ϲ
ⰲŸλס£аλԡһһԲ
вۣѩԩҪƽǡ
ʵ۽λҳٽȥʹͣ˵ЩοĻ̫վĴ٣Ϊ͢һĵʦʵΪֻ͡㽫⣬ʵ˳ӵġ
˼飬Ц˵Ļ⡣
˶ԶҵСɾϮ˾Ǹɾ
úã̫۰ﱲѹ˴ǰıֻ˵ҶȷǺõģѵõĽţɺ𣿡
Ҳؾˣ֪ʱܼҲ˸ЦŴȤֱͷ
ʱҲǼģֻǵͦοʣӦҲ
һһֱ˵糺죬ֻϯԼԺȥ
̫ţҡҡͷһǾ佫ãΪ֪ᣬ佫赶Ūǹֲչ˺
游˭˵µ佫Ǵ֦ҶģǼ˵ա˸ΪŴ򱧲ƽʷϿв彫ֻҪͨЩȻܺúչ
ĸЦҵǮ˵Ժˣүˣء
һ˳ɣ̫ЦǶǼ磬һͬҲ޷
л˵
Ұдquq


71 
̫˻, ӱ㹪ȥˡ
ֻϯ䣬ԭؼҹԲ֣֮ȴĸͷһѯ, ˵ű, ͷŤţµʳʡ
ǸմӪиϻƵģж˼Уֻһ, , ʮȫһǳмгϢģ
̸źò, ǰЩӸ͹֬桢ٺ˪, Ҳһҳǳһͬ, Ǽֲʲôס
ϯУһ˫ӯӯ
ΪӦ⴩һŻСԲɺεԵ鶯ɰһʱ˻
ű֣ȴճ, Ÿݺѹѹ, ̧ͷһĿбӵģţ̫, λ𳤡
մЩƹ, ǳζ
˶һСŮü۹˾, ЩΥȤ, ̫Ц񣺡ǰȷǼ¿ӢЩǰŷ׻ؾТȻ㲡
游ҲЦŵͷԭΪ佫ƤڣտҲͦ׾ġ
˵ˣʧЦֲǿ޼ĺ̸ͯСɾƤڲˣæЩס졣
ЦǹʵЩ꿪ػܰϼ֡
˽Цұϯ
Сɾںδְ
ʥڱͳֵЩûؾȥ
ʵƲһʱգڲ֮ȴδиҵнаԼ˽ֻʱһƵùţʵװֻ֪Ű
˸մǰ˻ʵ۵ĴʣЩ¡ʵ˼ְΪæµű֪
һԲҲڴ˴̸Щ£λҳֻЩǷĻ˵⴦
֪ڶںʱĸʵǽǱҪЩ׼
˵ĸڰƽУҲǻӣʱϷ˽һͬǡ
˶һۣŲֵδ񡣡
ʱ飬ദѾãٲȻδദģзδýŲɣ˲⡣
Ҳ֪ò˵ȸ׻ؾ֮£ŵͷ㿪˿ڣײձҪؾҶǸĸͷӦʲźá
˲ھϲ楣ģҪˣ
ǣǰ¶æ꣬׷ܻؾˡ
ǽĺ£
ྡ̫ĸοһԲˣöɣһ
Ŵľºã͸Ϊ壬ʵһ
գλ𳤴У𻰣ɺó𣿡
̧Цпʮ𣬻Сȥͷ˪һͬСյˮһʱ꣬óԵúء
ԼӿҲʮʮ˵һֱ뵽˽˵СӣֱҪ˻ˮ
㰮Ծͺã˵֭ɸӵģǼ˸ǹָ⣬¸ߣˣɶ뱸ҽջ˫¹ƤѥѷԺȥˣǵԺϲϽš
ۼűҪأڼپҪӲģѰֿŻ̫ƽºЦ⣬۵ƣۣȻй̫ƽǺ⣬ʮֵġ
ӢھУҲҪĲǣֻۡԼҲóһֻ˵пȱǮЩ˲٣ЩӦǹġ
ʧЦӣ֪ңб·ţ̫ƽʢȻǲȱ˵ˣȱǮǻأӵǮɾҲ̫Щ
գգۣʮĲᡣ
Ӿ˳ˣ̧ͷ·һȥѻعƵġ
ǣҴӦ㣬һһźֻԥὫĶģǳˡ
¿ţֱѰֱֽȹǲŻ⸩ڻȴ˵ƤСèŪ׹ֵĻᡣ
㵹ǻ飬ԺѰֻձҲ÷Źҡ
-
էȷ˵ǰ㲻̫ƽ
ѲֵıʿʮɷЩС˱ĴϣھӪ³һձһӣֻȥ⣬ٲִ߽ǶʱеԶŹ֮£տŶİӣҲЩóȨǿ
˿紩ɺ飬ڳҡҷʻȨŸʹ֮УȻжɪ
ؽԸãǼ㣬Ϸ׾죬˲ٽ
ҵլҲݺˣøǰýȥ
ϱϸɵİ軨ݣҲÿտõլЩ׼˱֮͸ͬıסһڵǳȥլ磬Ҳ¶
˸ӭԼãֵ¯԰У·Ͽ䣿ֻ˼ףδʽö¶ˡ
ѽֻϣƽã˵ύ󵳡ϵͷһͬݼ游븸ĸס
Ҫȥ֮ľףһҪӼùʾѵ
Ҳ轲һӱϯ˵ﱸڵ¶Դó裬иĽǷ׷׻˵˸ʱȥ⼳ԣʮճɶ½ճֻȥѰðæ
˸Щ⣺ĸףϯϻСڴ˽ҶӵĶ̡
ĸʮֿ˵ʱ̰¶ֻ׸һޡ
æڴ̫游ҷ˭дźã
Ȼдʮֻˣ̫õ΢죬Ҳٻ
ǰ游дģǼҵҷ궼ȥ
˼մһմҵ̫īǧƽ򲻵ñȳһҹԣ˿Цáǰ̫дʮ԰ڴǰűһӵϣʵؼȥġ
˽԰ңдкβɡүЩȻЦ˵дҷҲδܿʲôˡ
˶֪ү˵˴һ£Ҳδƽ죬˵˽Ӽù¶
궬ΪϺŶ׼Щձ̺ȥźá˵ǰھдӶڸƶ£ֻ˵
룬ǰձ̺λ˲⣬ǶЩ취ĸ¶ʰգλëձƹʶӦЩ취
ѽǱˡֵ˵ٹձҪЩʲôĸ
ЦҡҡͷĸܣһСҲûʲôνģЩӳԵϯ湻ˣֽأֵչһ㣬Һú˯һա
ȴû뵽æתܴӾи
һΪԼӣȴǰһֻϻݣӣǰֻϻӣҹʰѽ
˯ʵؽӹһͷּ֡ϤʧЦҹǽͷΪһԵˡ
ٵȵȰգд綨ܼ
л˵
߾鲿ֱȽ϶࣬źҪˣ


72 
ʵ忴ÿ, ǰϷʱҲʮǿڻʺ࣬Ҳüŭ, ЩûٶŭһԵʮֿ, ʵڲѮ֮˵ģ·¥һܽƵġ
Ұǲɲ²ǷΪ̫ӡпʮƽʵгѡ·, ֻһʥּ¡
Щֻ˲ٹ򰲸Ժе檡´, ֻǵĸڽһЩҲɾʹ¡
, ʮֽϵ̤˾ƽ
߽ܷߣ򣡺ΣӣǧԮ
ٱã
һԾ, ǰӱʤ飬˵Ҳһӵ̫ƽ, ż־ˣ
£Ϊսαǰܣֱȡʣ׵֮׳ȫ޿ܣ, Ǽ
, ܷ궬ΪϺ, ˮѷ, Ǵ˴ǱΪ鷸Ҳδ֪
˵δնݳ, ©֮ӻز, ǰֻδ©ôЩ
治ɫֻ佫ǰо
Ҿɲʮַ߿λʿѪƴ̫ƽܱ˵ɿʡѱ칦ǰֻǵǰͷ­ɽͣӦǰײǣҲ֪ڼ
²Ǹ³ŵ˹ȥҲΪˡ
ɵ¶ˣǹա
佫ǲЦֹ̲ıЩҪ
£߽ӣʵֻ۵ü֪Ϊر߽ƽΪҲκݴʷѱ֮¶ᡣǰҾĲĿ·»һ㡣
ʣԶرʤ飬ʮ޼ƽ԰ݰաǰҾֻ£ĳ͡
ǣΪսǴ˴γѡ
ͳѾã¾ʿȻӵٺòġ
вٳͬųҾ˸ոջسȴҲһ˿Ծ븸׶һ۱ǰ£ͳְʳǰΣʮ۳帮Ǵ˴¾ڱ㣬˽£˼
˵ʲô̫ƽҳӸڰ£ɻĪҪ졣
ɷİգ˭֪ŮպᰲȻؾӭȢӵġ
㻹˵ĺã²ΪƽãĪҪ˸ᵳӪ˽ǡ
˸ƫһǣͬΪ٣δ¹Щӹţ°ͱ㿪ʼǹս־罣·ܽϹһƤ
ʵһеĸɿһۣ֯ϵĽ绯䣬¶ķ˪ŵ־磬¸г㣬ɫɫ鲻һȴȻ
Ǳȫ˰գҲԼ׵һǨ͡ʵ۽Ӱջأڵ

ʱž˶ǰҾԴ
ⷸݣͳŵ︰ƽճʱϣͣ󡣡
⽫磬ǧšԭǴ۳帮һǧѺͬݣպ󿪰ϣ󡣡
ּ
λ˻֮С
ٳȰɻʵջسȴֵֻ޷ˣձ㵽˰ա
ֻܴͷ̾һʵ۵Уöڸǡ
ּЩǵͷĿ͸ȥ
г½ȥбֻʣǰѿյΣʩʣڸ߸߽ϷĹ⡣ãųϳȥ׷š
սкؽˡЦ⣬ʮֺضŵ
ŶϢһ˫ƽ޲Ҳ֪ЩʲôŹ𴽽ǣ
үԡ
-
İգǧ֮ңǰͷʮ궼ûʲôõǵģ
˵أȥ֬ͷƻһ㡭
з˿Ӱ춫е֣ҡ뵣Ʈ˺üС
˵츮ߵţֻ˵ݴЩСһ档
Щģ˭֪ⰲҵĽڹ۶ϾߣҪûףǰҲſײսȥգҲ֪ʱǷҲʹ˰ӡ
ӣҰЩүһˣһյȵۼţһ˫ֶģôůů
ӹյţҲ֪ģܾ²̫ƽ˽߬Ƶġ
ǣңȻʱ̽һ
˲ǻѣһҲƽؾҲȻձҪԲšҵһһƵĿУֻһжǾˮ£ĸڲвಡ齣ұڸеŻԶĲƲһⶼϵĵʯ
꣬ͷ
ʮֻۣסԼӼͷƣԺеĺ÷ǲǿҪˣ
ͦһǣں΢֦ڴлҪųһ
꣬齫˯СèȥĶӡ
ָ̽èĶ䣬ȴֵöʮ۾̧ʪıǼȥַʮС
һУӵĲãôأǵӶһһӡ߳ģǾˮ¡룬ʮָɴšһѣ˾֪ˡ
ʧЦһֻȴֻӹЦػһյ¯ŵģȺ¿ɾģ
Ц⣬𻰱ӣүˡ
ȹ𣬾ֱȥԺϣսʱףƬȻ캮ԣЩİ֮УЯֻ߲࣬
㡭ղǺЩӵĻ֪Ӻ˵ֻûͷûԱһ䡣
һֻЦ֪ƤǻЩܷӵۣ
˵ʲôأɲƤ࣬а٣Ҫطġ˵Ƥۿȴúܣָ§ŵ˵§ˣӡ
ֻһ㣬ЦÿԼУİգҼ˵ҪȻڳһǰ
ҽմú񣬲¡ȴɤЩæôˣҵ治ƭ㣬Īޡ
һľǣֻæҵسĨᣬɤˣĪҪ˻ҶԼصߵģ󣬿˿Ҫ۾ġ
Ǽⶼź죬ʮ־ȴﲻסֻܳ㱣֤
ұ֤ȥϵ飬мۡ
ЩܾáһжǼٵģһҲؾҲûи׵ϢһڰƽҲ޵ôãЩ¡
ֳǰδе飬·ڹ壬һҡҷȰŶⲻΣǵӻԽԽõġ
л˵


73 
øǰ뾩, ͷҲæǵһ ָ꣬Щϲ¶Ҫúڸðǡ
ĸ, , ˣٸĸλƹƷͣإ˷ʮ٣ʰ, Ԫпš
ϴ㸮², ¸ҽ븮͡
ⷻﴦðİ, , ֻýֿͣڣٻڡȺˮ, ƯŸɫըҲ
⼸ã겻ѩģⷻҲʪЬࡣ׺ϻӣ̧ͷЦ
ԼȹڣҡͷԣҵһѩǸԺӿ, ѩʱһʮ˼
֪, Ҳ֪ȥ˭ʪЬ˷磬Ϻȿҩ, ϵĺþƲ˶ûڸ׺ŤͷЦ, ˵, ̰, ôЦ㡣
ӣ㿴ŴȥšԼӵȹڣֹֻ
ЦŰο׺˵Ҳ̰಻ֵǽѩúʵЩˣȺĽЬ࣬˶Ȼġ
ˣЩ߰ɣЩҲȥ仨֡
˶࣬
ӣˣαԼһ⣿Ⱥдĺͯ˭ҵĺӣҲ±˲ţ
йپ˼ҵСӳԻϼϣȴϲˣڵ꣬﷢ǮҲ⡣
û뵽շھˡʧЦּԼΪǰðµģ㣬ֻԼƹӵķ١
ԶԶڶԽָ̾
ǻȥŸգӽտеæˡ
ŸǱӯţǰﶼҪФϲӵСӣ˼ԸСѹЩ˿׵ģúϵںͯ䣬ϲɰˡ
Сӣʮۼ⣬ڹƼ⣬ӭСӿ¥
ŸڵӴͨǽڣֻôɴʵذȴ룬ѡεĿ˴඼ڿЩϲϴظȥ
С롣˽˰ż䣬裬ȡ˲ϡ
ǽ˲ǮĿüЦʮֻϲŸˣӷԸΡͬǺϼӺã°˭˶֪ʵαҪ
С˼ȻĶôõ⡣
ơĿ˲Ǯϻӷϣֻ˰µģͷʵ̫æδᡣ
׺һһ˶ԣͷ˫ӡպãٴӴϻȡһöĺɰλƹӵ㣬ɢǹ꣬إǰкþƺòλȥ
ӹ£æлңǶúþӪ
ƹӲͣȥڿЦ񣬱Ӷ¥ȥ
ӵƹ˲ģԭǹзŻĹŮϹеĵգֶǰ㷽оֻǼҵ伱Ǯŵͷ˴ƹ˷Ʋ
вٿѡ㣬е뱸־£ϾɵϻӣٺòˡСԼϣ뱸Ҳڼвôͣȴǰ࣬˰ʱ˵ǲȥ
⼸˼˷ʺֽɢȥȥƹӽŮ㱺ա
Żӽϰԣ⼸λ½ŮƼϸѡģҲдģĿӼλŮӹһλЩ졣
׺ǵСӣǲǷ·ںδƵġü˼ŮͲԲԲһ˫ۣʵϤúܡ
ţǴǰСѾͷƵģǰ˫٣ƺǲԺģ׺ֻ
أе̣ܿ۾ʮȷص˵ͷǰԺ
ôɵӷ
ЩҪǺˣҸǰУ󣬼ǲ˸ϰԿɾƲɺ㣬ˣ
ˣлʦСŮǹˣżٷ׷񣬡ӡ
ͷЦ˵¸ͣȥ˷ա
λϲ̵صлϲصˣܿһȣλСӵ죬ǰǰƽеŮ
ܿͷЩ⣬Сͷӣū澴ǰǷԺġ
ֵ˴˴
ٸߣæǴθ֮¹󡭡ǡǲһӦˣǲǶࡣ
ҰԺ裬Ҳǰź򣬱һӦԶԶ˸ܿͷн䣬һӵͬĸŮŲȥ
ԭڷ̷ϵģ㱻ѡ˽ӿͣԼĸס
Щպ󱻴ʣ˵Щʲôʳ㽫ԺСʰȥ
ֵֻһλֻ֤˵ĸŮҲΪףҰŰգˣԲ
ܿģֻǧлˡ
û뵽һײˡͷŸԼӡ
-
±ֻʣһ黭ӣҲʮֺ𣬸ɫͲʼдװᣬв˹ýīͿҷҵ
ɢͣǼһλˡ
ӣ䷽˸ɫʼ㣬ȥƼ⣬æ۽ǱȥһſЦ⡣
һλɾŶڰСӽҲʼ𣿲֪Сϲʲôģ
ⱻģԾһ˲Ҳ˵̫Ե£òصͷǣҵҲƫá
ԴպȥüСǰЦǰţԵ
Сδȥ֪ǷԸһͬյ衣ಽʮҡβС
ֻЩΣֻٸˣȥֹЩʻǲɾͬС
һ˫ȴˣúܣҲȥΪĸ׹Щʻ˵һֵˮΪɫСյ֮ƣڰʺϲˡ
ѵǵֱ˵ؿ
üܾŻǳ׽˵ײźã䣬ڵɾΪζ磿Ůб²ֻͬжв㡣
ȥЦݣʮҲЦңԴӴ¬ҽգұСһģСҼ鶯ʻŮɣףɵײɶ֣ȡһ
ǲʲôһģһ㶯ģʲôе⣿
Ҷ⣬ɾαǿأֱ˵δʲô档
üۣЩֻ˲棬պദԻ֪ҵĺõġ
ֻЦҡҡͷתҪȥ
ӿǼɻԼ붨ԶĻԼҶˣδƸֻһ̫µԵھҲǿ󲻵õģ׷Ҳʲô˲ݵ£ȴ׷סҸЩᣬһչֳҵĺӿҵģòã
һſСɾһȳһ飬òڵչʾԼ˼Ҫһеؾ
ҲھУҲؼɻЩʲôȥ¥Ȳ裬¥ϺõҶɳ
Щᷳˣ־ȫԼһԸֻ֪ŵĻԼȴȷܾԵʮֳס
㷽žû˵ֻҼɻŵδݣԸĻüԶԣȴ˵Ķ⼸һɶ𣿡
㾿Ƕ⣬ֻõԼǵ
л˵
ĩ֣
Ԥգϲıӵרղһquq
̨¡
ǰѻ᳡ѧ
ĮvsǿŮ
ʱѦһף÷ŵԣ˶Ե֡
ʮ飬ڴźɻ飬һһɵĻһǻ⡣
ɾڻǰϦδķ±꣬ȴһλŮӡǷϤĲ⣬һ˫ΪŮ£޷ȥ飬ϧ
ͷⱻ÷飬˳ʮľ
ϲȣƸȥס
˽ԵϧȰ͡ȣ˼ҽ顢ȫѦҵĪҪ÷֣óҷ˵ֶǸշŮӡ
֮һ˻顣
ãڻǰײһ׮£ഺ
ֻǷⲻ֪ײӵﳯƺõġ


74 
ʮ, 
Ļּϲ鲻αǶ, 벻ΪԼоֹʮ, ǵСӲأ
һʾ⣬̶̻СڵҵСӣֻ׽, ˵ʲôСӲ죿
ֻǡСҲ, Ǳϼ桢ʱվ, СԻ֪ҵ, Ҳͻӵ˼Щȴ֪⡣
ҡҡͷ, ɾֻһеҪԼԸˣҳԲ𻰡ͬһȥ֣һҴӦ˵ģ
˵ңȴȫںҵԸ˵װ׶⣬Ҳֱӵ˶Է磬Ҫǰ
ɾٸ, ضǼ׾ͺѴСŵ, Ϊȣȴ˿˵Ը, ˵ʮ־, ֻЩ˼
ǻȳ, ֻɵĳ嶯, һʱֻܳͷԣȴ֪ÿȥø죬֮ܶŵһ
䣬㲢ңֻǶһ۵ЩȤҪ˳˳ˮõ֣𴽽ǣֻˡˡģŽһжԼиӳ졣
ϧҲʲôԼҲҵĴǣɾգĪҪپҡ
òؼתȥ˺Ҳˡ
һ˵Զԣֲ֪˵Щʲôźãֻü˼ԼСק˺üڲŻعʧǵػظȥ
׺Լӣɢ˵Ŀ£˭֪ɾǰ˷Ӳ죬˶һۣŷ˵ЩԵ¡
ӣǿҪԼЩ˵ΪһݣЩҲһ⡣׺ʵ¬ӵģЩ֮źá
鹾ת۾Ƽ˶ԽַʤūĵӣѽӣǾʤūͺãζƮôԶһóԣըҲʮ֣꾰ءǲϻ͸λСǰա
ʧЦ׵ƾˣ;ʤūġ
ζȷʵ˵úܣ뻹ϼϻӴظԼ
һ·Ħ࣬ڵ˻֡
ļЩҲΪ֣ﳣЩˮɣ÷ɽƿ幩ȻϲϲɫɶջƷֲ࣬Ҳ紺ǰ㷱ʢڱɫĲʾƳĵҩģ˼Ҷϲ
ǶˮɻȥЩʾҩ÷ԼԺıˡ
ֻˣ࣬ˮ貧úܣЩӲźá
貧ǲգ´šѡ˰Ҷྥ׵յ𱭣ûȡֽٽˮɾȥˮۣɹֽУͷϵϸظȥ˼Ҳ˾Ҷ
һʾܣֻͷ׻¶׺˲ŵϻӵĺˮɻȺмţԼ
ҵĺӣˣȥأųһͬǰæӭȥӹ˶࣬Щظ˿ô죿ҪЩԸǱǣαԼһˡ
轫еһӦúãٿʵӿɻʲôҪģūȥһ˱ǡ
룬һʱҲûʲôҪðˣûǻظȥա
˽·߲٣һ£ǵɫʵƲҡ·Ҫϵĸ·Ƕ˼Ҫ꣬Ҳһ֡
ųڣлųϦҪЩʲôþƺòˣ¼ѷ˸ϦڰַԪһ籸ȥƽĸ꣬ȥĸǶ꣬ܳһϯ档
ˣԼ굽ʱҪȼ񡭡
ѽǲû񣿡һֱӣĶˡ
ӷİգ˶ȥȻظȥһеæء׺Цŵ໨ѡ
֧Դ⿴ǿˣҲ֪ǧ֮ңµĴݸ᲻дţ˵˳һ֮ǰһȴδϢ
-
ݵ˸ǰȻλС˻Ժ񣬴úóͶųϦԪȼ
㽫Ͳпźֽ⻹𣿡
Ա֪ıըĺмÿ
˼ԼСӳݱǰʰſüλŮɽš
ԼԼСӣҲȥա׺ǰջأȻԺн˲Ʋúãūһȥʰʢˮɵ貧ûˮ
㽫ˮɻ׺ٽӹϻš
ͷ˿ʻȥѰϡһ·ϱ͸ԺȻһģ
ǲųŶһбѾˣ˿ѽ鲻̧ͷ̾ԺеܽԴɨһ£ƽŵصҲ˸ɫͼĲʵƣϵСʱҲʮ֣۵ɫԺһ
ȥѰֻƿӽҷźãյЪЪţ
ˣСӣλйˣ˵Ǹϵġ
У
Դӷ˸һھףյأ
ĸŮɻضһۣӣǹˣ
ū׾Ʋʲôֻλ룬ɤϸһҲףǹġӹصʲô𣿲ūȥ˵æӴ˹ˡ
أǽɡϵͷַԸŮǼ豸ģ̣򷢡
ĸŮϣλй˽
һ筺ۣƷͣЦʮϲؽڼ񣺡ˡӡ
ū澽ǰǷĿͣӳϦиġһϹϾȴ
ȷдϰףĶǸλҳʱһλھСӽ磿ỹҪеӣôʮֹ졣
ʮƽֻ˵ԭһ¶йˣĸŮ˻֣̿ҼСӲھ޹̧ܵ빬磿вŸĸŮջسǡ
Цݷ·һ㣬ЦַĶĻףǶƷھǺˣôͲܽϦأ
˵ˣԭǻʺЩæֵΪԶݣҪչ˺Ӳǰǰ˫ֵԹˣӲģϦմйгӭӵʱĵǳǣһӦйϡ
һͷأǻʺ룬ɷԸԼеǰŷԸαƹһȦ룿ǲӣ˸磬ǿн˰һ㡣
Сӿˣ²ھ꣬СӶҪյվƲǡСɫ󣬶ӿθڼõģСϲˡ̿ƣʮ⡣
ֻõͷµӿĻװҲˡֻЦ˵֪ˣлﴹ
Ҳܲ㣬ԴһЦǧĪҪˣ븮
õϺõֽʩʣԼһ뵣ٺòһˡ
ֻ沢˭˶Լ²լԺϲ̼һɨգǷӣٰ̾οһĸײΪԼģ¬ҷǱܸ磬ӦԼһ
롱ԼȥЩʲô
л˵


75 
һһ, ȫŵ¶밢Ъһᣬʰδİ, ǵͷȥ, ҹٺͺһٷŻԺЪϢ
жλױ̨ǰǰӵ̿ڿţѵԼǣһˡ
, ػͬķӽ빬вȹø, ĸзھҲѫֵǼСȫ˹С
˳, ҪڽҾ߬, ҪڳϦƹλǻؾüҾñȨ
й, üʹƵ뾩ǣҵĽ֣дӳⰵص˽ʵ۳ôǰʤȯա
βò
ָ̽ױϻȡöƬĥɵڣڿڹ⻬ƽײۼ׵ļβ, з֮, Լһࡣ
⽫ϸŽһö˫ĺɰ֮Уױ̨֮
вб, ȻԼв, Ǳû֮, ɰϵľ, еĳϦȻҲʶʶ˼ʢ硣
һ磬ǳǰԸ֪ҹһ¡
æԺڣԸҲװһ£ʱӧĸŮҲһݣеڼҲԸӡ
ֻŮ죬ˮ뵣Ůй£ü𻰡
ǲѰͽ˰աӧЦҡҡͷͷŲҲ֪еĲʲôζĶʡ
Ϧһ֪Ƚ֣µȥȻһյ衣յ
ջȳԱЩҲ֪еĲʳʲôööۡ򢣬̾һ
ӧʧЦֵ뽫ǿڹڣ佫ζǿְҲмǧֵġ
ͷŴ󿪣ҵֽȥҲѣʱҴһܻȫ
ӧüĿԼɼϰƽϵķ֮˴α̰úÿΪ֮
-
Ϧգʰͣ
մһʨƵ֯¶ޱߣĵһ׺Ϊϳɺͷ棬һƱϲ졣
ӣƵĴ֬ԣ׺һֻԵĴɺͷɫ̺Ŀȷʵѵõĺ
ЦЦϴһǶ筺졣
ⴽ֬ÿһ۱ܽ˵ĻȥءһԴƣ
ȥ⹬еĳϦ㲻ˣҰڼеҡһ˫ӳޱȣ׺ȥĸ״̺ţġ
ӣһͬҲû㡭ȻǸ磬Ǵ̶Ѩ
ϥϵСèҲ̧Դš
ްֻڼеұǣȻܰȻظ԰οԳӣ׺ЩգЩظá
䣬߬˾ϥͷԾ£һ̱齵ף棬Ժӱͨ
Сӣйǰӭ빬ˡ
̹ӣڷΣЦʮڣӣʱˣū빬ա
ǳЦڣȹţʮֿظ
ӣĪ˺ɰױ̨ȡ˫ɰϸΪϵϣżԼӳš
ҲԼŮΪ޷ٸһ˫֣úܣĪҪ̰ǣЩ
İաЦйŵϹǲĳݡ
ַ˹۰ŮϥһλӲ࣬浽һȥ̱˵ǳ˰ַ
гߣװŻ˼ͼʵƣɫܽǴĿϾӣ֮ڶ뵣ǹǽе͸ů⡣
ڼཫ빬ţλھƷױͷ񻪹貣һ񣬳ĵ߷֮¹̨ɾһ㡣
ڴԺйŮ·ڼ๧ˣת۱ʧȺ֮С
òͷԭ
ǰͷŮ٣Ʒλаڸһλ쵰ĹŮѰЩվֻ֮࣬ȵۺЯӹǰźÿ硣
̧ͷĸ¬ҷǵλãʮְĵؾ
-
ʵڵ볼յƱ٣ǿȺݺر˻ʺ巵ȥԪҪܰٹٳءʹ˵ɫ磬ǵЩЪϢǵմ󳯻֧Ӧ
Ƶҵúܣʺȥɢɢλʵ͡
汾úòٳְաʺͷʵһͬ˵š
մһۣ⣬ʮֹй͵ۺȥһׯЦϷΪ˳̩񰲡
жʮĲֹĵ˷ֱ治λֻ֪֮СɫۣƮ׺ͭ죬趯ͭɫɫĲʻ߲δⳡʮϲ졣Щ˵Ĺ졣
ĵ죬죬ŮɫƼΪϣʱ㴵һ磬˳С
Ϸ裬ϣ輧ȹڣģսѾðǰȥϸʣڴˡ
⿴Ű˵Ӱⴹ۽ޣֻźͷıƹ
-
ɫһۼףֱȥ巵
˹أѲԲŹһʱ֮죬Եеĳ֣ȴġ
£Ҫ
£
ڼ˵꣬һ˼ˣڵŽյ巵ǰ
ҶýͿԿƣʱ˴ѰʣԺȥĳд¡Ӽټңţûб巵齸ȥˡ
ϸֳʤȯյЦ⣬ֻλһͬ̧ƿʵ
ʿɰãճϦǸҲùһǰ
ɴᣴ׹ӳƻϺõҲ˴ţ·ֻ߼ļײ֮
ʣ
ֲ̽ɴᣴһһ̤ںʵĳ޵̺ȥȴδŻӦ
뵣᣸һҲɲµỬˮһĴУֿɵõλпɼӿ˽Ų
ǰδõв÷Ǽ˵£Ӳᣵ˺˫Ŀ죬սѲ֮ȴδʵӰ
ô£ѵȥ˻ʺвɣ
Ƶܣ巵еĻʵޡ
ؽ˿ʺһӰͷ·Ѿ˺ܾˡ
һ˸Уʮɵع˹ǣڵңʼǲ;ʺ÷θЪ²ǣ˲ģʺҲʮְֲûһλǡ
ǶԷ̰գʣ
̽ÿᣣס
ֻҲº͵Ц⡣
ôô㣿ޱȣɫ԰ֽ˺ü


76 
н, ֱ˱߰ΣһȻ
ԴΧûʿ
, ѥβ˵µһ, ʵΪλڴ˴
㴹ᣱˮһ·ףýɲᣣԺлһڰǰ
ΪҸںδݣŴֳһĨЦ, 溮ӳ˫, Цڰȴһ㡣
Ȼֱȡһ¾䣬ɳƴɱѪ, ؼױһӡ, Ѫ˲֮ϡ
ˣɱɱ֣æ, ⿴ص˽ȴδͷȴֻԼ˺ȥ᣺󴰸ϽѪ֮ǵҲս
֪ˡЩţڼһͬΧš
ѪгȻ, ۻӿı, նһұۡ
Ȼ, ֻ뵽ɽ, ȴû뵽Щָ𣿡泰Ū, ڵ߿һ, ˴Ҳ֪ЩΪӵ㣿
ֻʣţɫҲްӰͶڲϣ·ӰءȡһԵȥѪۣŽأὣǰһЩ˵Ƚ˰¶İա
δعɤӼ֪֪һԿ־ģܺ𣿣
ԼĽһҵϷһ㣡³ֻûЦ㡪
Ƚˣ̧һ߬סٺݺһԣ˵һȣΪ㼱
һǻѪ˰ͷڵϸŻֹ
֪ΪҪӵµ𣿡
Ϊ԰ˣٺòٿزĿܡһ˵߹ǽŵĽסʹһųأһ·Ѫǰ
λӷǽڵأૺˣͫǾ»֣̿սѪŲĶдǰǰư
źݺǯסĲһݺݶǰİҲ֪һֱĲã֪Ե¡
֧ݺؿڵʸҲģ𣿡һմѪ۵Цʰֻͷ
ɱңܵؾ쵽ΣգѾûܰԼˣ
㡭һ˫ȥԼĲ˫㲻̤ͣҡβʣҡǣŹҡ
ֻ֮Ѱ˿ʷ˫ƳȥҲϢˣһҪȥԵأҲ볼ͬ·գײý̱¾õȡ
սİӽ¾ʿУ½ϸѰЩˮȡһͭá
½ЩĪȴҲ£ҺүʱҪױɡ
ŵɨһۣϸһ˫ּףٶͭϸɺԵѪϸϸϴɾϵҲǣֱҶѪΪֹ
½֪ЩʲôѪһôˣ
-
ϯ䣬ֻԼѾ˴λʥּЦôѹѹ˼յӲϯϿ̫󲢲ڳ̫ıã·ܿҪˡ
輧ȹȻһԼҲ졣
ӣǰҺúÿ⣬ԶԶűѵõˣҲҿøϸЩȻԼ̫˭Ƕһ㡣
ԭھȻĩϯƴǣݵ΢׽
ĶĻӲձҪɻ飬ǺˣĻݵ΢ûˣƫҪһѵ磬ʱü
һλ⽫ҵԶӣ¾ͰЩСŮɣ޶ˣҲ泩̧̧°ͣߵŮǰλСӵϯ߰գ˽θڶЩ
λŮǰҲǷԸ㾶ֱ˹ȥ˶ţҲֻøһͬǰȥ
һۣ
ƣλСӶƯϥҲһλ£ƽұԹûͬŮһͬˣ˱빬סúգСŮȻ໰˵˵ʮЦš
ȻҪ˽ڹʡ
ЩԼ죬һǰֻҪǰմ󳯻ϱֳˡ
檴ǰڹⳤ󣬲ִִֽ֪ŵ˽֦ҶĹ£ǵ鹫Ρȴջس
ӧҲȴŮƽ赶Ūǹˣʫī֪٣ǲ빫ƢͶ
ɫ䣬һĨ󷽵Цﻰ䶨£ָСӲ֪ӻãȱĺ䣬˱ͷա˵ǲǡ
ĹЦŵͷǣһλСӱͶԵڹҶˣ졣
̾˿ֻٿڵ檼ֻĸ׺׵ܣС¶ϣ벻檣һȫһТġ
кѣҹвһŮȥе£ﶼˣһƣҲ˵ˣڸĻ˺ݣ¶һɲͷζԵС빬鹫޲ϲ֣ĵԶλСӴһֱƴǲܣѵƲҹԸ𽵹󣿡
ƶλСӸѴǲǿúãǿнڹڣԹ޺ô˿˼Ϊ˽Χ
¬ϷҲ͡
˿и˼ʮֲΪǿλСӽǼ
ЩϸҲԼԣǸӻҪף
ˣ˽𱭸Ҫɤͨ¼ݵ
ʱԭأôôǱ£һæסŮٵСָۣ׼ŰŮ
ѵˣᣡбĸӶУôܰأһͬӭֻſŵĵ˭
ʵһƣ̬¹壬ʺȲ˵ţһ˫Ŀӥɨڳλٽͣϡ
׻ɫʱҰףһ˫ɨӿĺҡҡ׹ʵ۽Ĳһ̤ʺϣ֪µ²á
أĶأ
ǿһҰ׵ЦȥʵѰӰ
δԼĶӣҲӰһµĳӻǻһأ̧ȴš
ˡ
дҡҷǾ鴤ǣЩЦԭʵȫֻ֪Ǹ߸ϿĸӶıͷβòĻλŽ콫һ򾡡
ȻЦ˳кᣬͶĹߣֱֱۿĻʵۡ
µˣͷһӦƼȣ֪ǲһȴƳڡ
ٲһأ
ǰ㰮޲ýʱ̻֮£ΪŮ߱һЦǳһʮֺÿֻϧҲᣬˣһŮɵ汳ҲʮֲĿںݺݵһ
ͷ˶ʱһѽڻٰγ֣ȵţе𣿡
㣡±߱Ҷϵλұ㽫ļϵŮɻ㣡
Ȼקһᵽɤ۶˫ϥǰͷʹ̣ƼһأȻƼѪɫ
ʹס֣һֻԼĺɰ
˶ıʾŽкԶ룬ֻĿѣȫ޷ŵĵ⡣
ȥȴ⾱Ѫ۱ȵջ֡
㵱Ƿˣʵŭȣֱָˣұʮ֮䣬Ҳˣ
һѺϵ
ʿҴңѺϵͷѪֱۡеСֹʱ۷׷ס
ˮֱֱ˫ۣŷֻԼҲһһ㡣
˫ͬϹ֮ͫŨ޹⣬ֱֱ£һƬԨ֮У̲סӳݷ״εؼЩԻʵ֡ٷŹԼĶӡʢװһӽŵһɺ⡣
ǣٿ
ˣֻ
㵱ҶŴӺ伷⼸֣⾱Ѫۣйؽ죬·šĲ
л˵
˿˾ڼˣĨ


77 
ⱻȼ̧ͷ, ЮЩ²ȣһ㻬, ǻ˿ս, ӲĴʹ
Ѿ̽Լĺɰȡöڣ䴥ȴޱȰ, ⽫ڲؽ, Сס˫֣Ī嶯
нһңֻܶǰͷŵĵۺ, ŴЦʲôҸҶ, ʲôҵģ
ְĲֳһ˺ۣΣ֪б, Ǹҵ汣Ҷǻұ㽫㡣
δ飬ǰҺģأ
˫ۣڵпϤİĸڴŻҡͷ
踾
룡
ڳ޲, ʵɱ󻼡
ѫɽִ, ָǲ޷ֺ⣬һ˫촽ߵ, ˵Űɾһ, һȻȲϹ, һͬȥ, Ҳκͷи
Ⲣֻǣǣǡ
ǰ谮ҵʱ˵ҪõĶңҵĺг֮ġ֮ţ·ʮƽ̹ǷػֻԹԵ˵ͬΪת۾ͷǸŮΪʺ󣬴ǰĻǼٵġ
˹˵ҵĶưĿˣҺúù̷ܽʡȫȫشһĶǣϣ͵ôһ仰չᣬоã
ȻҸõõĸңұҪԼ
΢΢̾˿һ㺮âſһ
ȰţαҪһ翵ļ仰ϣҪΪԼǡ
Ц˵ĺҼΪʼҸķܴЩʲô
Сӣڹڣðһʲôλ󣬶˵Ƿ踾ձһذա
Ρʲôʵۣǰ˵Ļһģֻ̰ͼĸҲƲǻδҴһģ˺ѷŭҲԼ棬ҲˣǻлᣬҶҪɱ㣡
ʵһޱϲֻǣɱңͽīеҩ˹ǣҹ밲ߣеĽҺ䣬Ѷãء
ѫе󽻸ţɣ޹أǵнǡ
ſңֱָмĿġӣ˼ڴϵġҡ֣ʱĶ
ֿЦʵۼԣȴŽ׼ԼʵǿЦ
ĸȹԣǻعȥҲ㡢롭Ҳ˵ڣֻĸ᲻ֹ
ⶨ˶񣬳֮ʺüڴ䣬˫ֵڵأֻһ˲еġû磬ź˵С
״æ뻳мˣټ𾱼
һֱڶȻɾЩѣ֮УǰɫҡҷΪģгһţ˽𣬽Զ˷ŵĵ
ָ̫ͣҽеĽȡΪ˴ͿĨֹѪҩ·ˣͣ˴૰ο£ˡˣ˷ңδԤϣա
ǰ֣ϧһεĻᣬԼ͹Σյľأĳ⡭붼롣
ȻĿ־ϯƲأȴʮֺ£ţǰķ£ٴϡ
գգۣ¿ű¼֣һŴУ˻֮С
ţʲôѽҩ·Щ֮ãأֻһֱ۳˯ȥ
-
һܳΡ
μԼŻƣоˣÿﶬҪһأθҹߣûضҪ
ֻܱѰҽڵ˸ӡ
ҩѬˮҹţ̵ҩҺظղͣһЩ
źʱÿݵΪü˵ǰļţΪμǣʹеģֻΪಹһЩ
ξļͷѩɤƣ˵⡣

˫ۣ˴һİʶͷģиҩ㡣תͷŷߣԸףһʮ㲵ģ
ǰҲΣ·һһ
һ˯ʮǷ˰ҩԵʣӦ۵ĺˣָżӰȥŵݣָͶµӰüۣģпҪʻöࡣ
мҲ֮ǰĵȷȷǼ۵ģ̲ס𴽽ǣʵû뵽ɱϵĶԶҲǰᡣ
˯úǳһǰĹӰ仯ѣգգۣһ˲æЦŽӵ뻳Уʧȥһ㡣
ǸչƵġŪ⣬æ֣˿ڻ۲ۡ
ˣ˴жֻЩˣѴãްġ̲סָıǼ⣬㵣ĳģѵһ˯²ɣ
ʧЦҡҡͷֻڵǳһԼĪδʱɢ˴󳯻ˣҲ۲á
׺ͷС̽ͷ̽ԣְ𻰡
ںδڹ𣿡ʡ
ȡţǣʺⲦһˣȫٳظ
ʲôʣͲǴˣҲڹо±ȥգĸڸеȵüˡ
ģ벮ĸ˵ˣԼҡ¬ҷǴ˿ڹ˵ֻǳ˾ƲŲڹѾƺܻȥֻԼʮҪǰ·ܼҡڵβƵġ
ʲôڹ̴ڹ˵ÿ̲סЦҰѵ˵Ҿڹϳơ鷳ʺ󲦳Ұң
һظҾۼ֪ټϰ˴£ж۷׷ףסҡҡͷӵ£Щ֪
ЩڨڨصͷСǻЩȥΪãɾöˣһֱء
æŰᶯСٽ˰ϣѰˮڣʰͣ齱߿ţʧƵġ
ⶨһڵҷһΣμ٣Ӳãֻһֱøֿҩ
ǽ¶𣿡ǰһ˵ֻ㷲̲סҪߡ
˿еķ飬ֻЦ˵ģֻǸζѣǼٵġ
ǽдõĵҪȥ¶Ҫ
Ԫ֮ǰܻؾǲЩ¶ˡΪ޷ĿᣬֻЩ࣬ظȥ


78 
Ϧ֮, з·ʲôδһ㣬д󳯻ᡢӼʹܰ˷, ֪, ʵʮԪ֮һͬ㡣
Ž泼ʱҲŲŻǰɽأҲ޴ѡ
į, ӻؼҹȥ, ԼĪ֮ŽžӪ
صУϺһ鿴˴, л, һͬһС磬طֱ
ӱ, ܱƽִһ˫֣ڵƻɺ¶ͷ֡
ֱָ˲֪⴮̴ľ顣
ſԲ࣬ϸϸ嵭ĳ̴뼡ʮˣҲǰõͬ
ⴹֵͷ, , ҪʲôϵסŲźá
ǰ˵ҲԺеСϲ, ܳ鷿ź, дν鷿, ѰҸиһģһӡۡ
ŴζҪ¶ǰ, Ҹ
ֻҲ׶ֻӦãҲûʲôЩ˼
ȴǲͬģƻ¶һǰŵʮֱˣŻ׳һʵһʹǻ
˲նҪæ˼ҲȥЩ£ֺ˵
շ￪ţǱȥΣֵֽԪֿơ
ЦŵͷæãȥЩƯʵװͥҲΪ㸮ЩƽҲʰޣܺÿ
ǰȥζԶ򸮣Ǹ壬ؾصģûʲô
ֻЩ˻ζɵ𴽽ǣһҲεͣҴǰڸУҲʰͥǰǰæңȻܸЩ
ļҲȺ޲ٿһЩֱֱɵ˰ѱͬղźá
ǵ뱸ĸĸղǡ
жȻӿһɸɾҪʱְطʰˡùĺӡ
˸ǣظȴֱסڡ
ǲǻо仰Ҫ˵һ˫۽һ˫鶯ɰۣ½
ǴӦʲôδ
ת÷ɿ죬ܽǵϲ紵ߣһ
ǰӦ⣬Ҫһ
ʱ֣λнɣӣ
-
һ֮ļձæǼ棬ĸ״ø׼ȥλϷ˰꣬ое׾졢ƽｻõ˼ңһع
ղǸǱ磬һԵöƤԲһ꣬Ҳƣۡ
ڰϣֻһֱҲСèҲβз׺ЦΪֵ̺СӽպúЪϢգûʲôϯˣֻջкүԼҪĪҪ˲ǡ
ԺƤһֻʾ֪ˣ׺ʱٻҪúЪһźá
ʱ֪⼸۵òᣬ˹ЪϢһᣬЩҲ١
ض˯̣ʰ
ΪرȹʮΪת۱һֻƴߵӡ
ͭͷô𣿡
ǵȻͷѩأʮֿģæקԼ
ģ۾ˣæܵߣһѩϢԺȻһѩѽѩˣһŽͷô˰Ҳû죬ԭµôˣ
ѽѩҲɣӽÿүһͬѩҲɺúһźδ˵ڣȴβס˷ܡ
ӿЩգů¯ѱˡ
æ֮ǰ¹ƤСѥٸ߸˵سȥ
Զѵǳ츮ǰˣմһ筺찵ƵľۣһѩޱߵĴ멣֮
մʮֺأִޱ߶ñȹǶ·ЩƵģֻɰ̲סŴЦѹЦкǳ
½ͬ˺ͷ㽫ڿռ˶ˡ
տɾ䣿Žϳָһ˫֣ϵǲ䣬ů¯һѩҲ¡
ҽմúȻ䣬գһ˫棿һȥѩ𣿡
Ȼ㲻ȥ𣿡Ź࣬ʮ뿴
룬Щ߰գ˷ȥæԸţȥ
ǲȥˣʧЦʡ
ʮΪѵسƬֻ̣˵ȥֻǿЩƣҲöһ
߰գǽճů
һ·ֱ¥ʻȥٽŶõż䡣
¥տӪҵ˴Ҳ٣¥ʮ֣űǸʳŨů㣬˶Ǹ
ůĹͷǻ֮ζЩţ⣬ţ⻹ʱ𘣬жޱȣ˳ԵȺʮ⡣
÷壬θˡ
ů浽ǲףһůԵ㣬ŲתȥƣҲʳ
ƯԪʱҵĲʵƣٺֱͯ۲Ը뿪
ϸãΪѡ˺ʵĵһʰװظвá
˫Ĳʵƻ׹ţӾ£ߴҲ󣬹ǰãֻֻԱһӼͼĵƣЩʺϹԺУÿҲ̫ڡ
ֵ˵һµĻƣЩԺãϲ𣿡
ֻһţҲ֪Ƿ˽ȥĶǻϲȻϲ
յƣյڷŽݲźáһյƣǲãҸΪȼʱлӳǽ棬ÿˡ
л㣬ҵʮֻϲлԸģԸůһŹ¼ŵġ
˴һӦ£ŵǳдȶµĺԺȥ
˴һƬ÷֣ʱʢʱѩ÷һ̬
̲סͷѩ䣬һĨ㻯ˮۣѩ¾ףЩסˡ
ȴ˻˼¿ȥֲŪ÷֦ѩͷ
ţǰζԴһ˫ַȥѩļ
һΣҲѩȥţĺͯǰ׷ֱ۵
װ˽ףѩǰ鿴Ŵסҧһ˫ź죬ֱЦŤĲա
ѩˣҲˣֹˣȥһԵķͤЪϢһͺò
һ˫ֽѩͨ죬·𷽲׽֬ǰ㣬ȴŷȣֱ£ఴ˵ǻѪŲ
Űű㲻Ըſ˫ȣý̲סָ䣬ٷȥؿǡ
зܵˮȿֺشӸ˳ײ졣ȥżѩ䣬Ե죬˵ĺڶޱȡ
ˡ۽ҲǺģֻСٽһ˫ֳ˻
л˵
̫첹ʰ겮ͳɻ飡
һٺٺ٣Ť
ллǵ֧quqжġ


79 
Ҳ, ȥЦ⣬ϸеϣʢյ, յ, ʱڵˮȥ΢ɬ˵úܡ
벻ɸ㣬䲻ʲôʿƳĺȷ, ֻϲˡ
Ŀ, żձߵļɢ޺ۡĶȴǰ٣ε, ̲ס˳ǸɾָϿ, ȳ޳ǽڷ, ǾԵֱ̽Ȼֹͣŵխϡ
᲻ÿأ˼ӵķͤҲһݷ̽塣̧öһ˫Ŀ
ôˣһᲨУ˴ǡ
ڴ⶯ִЦ, δ
յӷŽȡů, һ߽õֱ¯Ϻ濾ٲŪ̿, ¯ں˼˲, 㽫ӯ˷ͤ
´ҵĽ˿ȥ, Ͽ, ƽղµԵЩ֡
űڵǧ֣ϲ˵ζ˳¯ůֿĲ˼֡ʮ뱸½ϴ򷢵ԶԶģ֣˴ԺȡůһӦȫҶʰޡ
˱ѩ÷֮䣬
ڱǰֽУͷƤˮȾЩˣپ¯һֱִһīٺڲ
һǴƤ㣬ƺһҵ㣬ƿһƤӴౡ֭ͣˮ⡣
ۣڲϸӣ˳ż˿ƷֿıƬѵڿֽóƤƹһУڴݼŷ
żϲԼҲЦݣֱȴҲգضƣմϵıмҲ֪
ޱģ㴹ͷȡӣΪĨȥǴм
ŷӦϱмЩ˼ֽӹԼֱһˣֻ㶵ؿš
¯̫Щӿ·һӵա
ǰ˲֪ʲô޹ģֻҪһȴз£˽̲סʱӵ
¯ϱϰһը죬һͷʧЦֻͣǳӣ¯ӿǿıˡ
ǰһһͬ¯š
гӣЩϸܵ˼Ӣԭбֻһá
ЦŽȡٶ̣ڣӲģű˳ƽλû࣬ʮзִȥ
ͬԲĹĵĶǸϿ˻ڣ¶Ƶӹһö˳ŻһʶͷѳͣȻȻܣֻڿзҲԸ³
⿴˷ЦæӴչȥӣǰɾôҲɵˣ֪̻³
ӹԼһ̵ݣֻһ˫ȥкţĶˣְͣܲ顣
ڿзһ飬һЩĲţõ̻ࡣ
һԭʲôɵ¶óģֻںƵѩţؼڵȥ׶ԹԺŲ費ſڵģʱģȥ򢣬񻰱еӵǰ
ž˶㣬һ¿вˮĿҲ˸ʹ
Ц⣬ֻս·ҪƵġ
һʱļ⼱٣ڴصţ˺ƺֻǱһֽƺ˭ͷЩƵġ
ЦϵĳӣһƮͤ⣺ѩ·УЩȥգȥѰһʰ
ŻߵˣԭһʱδعֻܸյЦ˶ŪպҪŷӲźá
ʰһӦɫˣѩأõǳظ
·˼ﳴظУ˵òĸСҲֻӶʳͣҪ̰ǡ
˸ҲԼϣؿתԼʾ⣬Ժȥ
һһͬϦʳͷѩҲ֪;С
-
ֺ׷罫ɽصһӦ񽻴ãʰװľʿһͬϻذ񾩵ĳݣֻڰ±Ϻ󷵻ء
;ЪŵСϺһѩȥ¹ҵҷʲô֮⣬ֻλֵС뼸λʿͬбΪǲĳæӭ
ɾ࣬ѩ׷ɻҪŹɣȺյȲա
ֺ׷ֻֿ˵ة֮Ļ
СƣΪ˰ź÷跹ů¯ʮּªҲƽȹһҹѩ
úԼͷɽةΪдĳ飬Ǵ˴ק͵͵µòͨȵ֤ݣټ׷ɱʱɾǵĹʻѺְܽطʵ֤
Ż谵⣬ͭпԼӣвӿ𼸷ָ
֣֪ټңǺַӦ
-
ڽһţʧĹֺ׷ԭΪˮߣû뵽ֻˣ
泾˪ѰϰƽĴţڿһ£һʮʮ٣һӶӵ֡
ǡϷԺеӳŲ򣬼æֺ׷ֻԺϷæϣĸʱͷʹڳλ˵ĳ棬ʮشȥݷ׾̸ʡ
ְطҲڸУϢȻϲ񣬶Ǿ彻ӣû
Ҳˣ޲þʹ徣ҲܽĿ
ġĻܻأϲˤ˲յУǺˮһ;𣿡
ת겻ְط磺㲻˵һʧôţôţ
亹ʪ͸ɫ԰ףֻȦһԲ
ǲˣˮߵ˻ܻȥҡδС˵ӣǼٵģǹһˮ
ֲýʱⲻ˳ԭĹˡ˫ĿкⲽһˮǱˡ
һʵڿȥһɵһƫҲá
ˣÿȥӭϷȻϹȥˣ˵ʲôҲŲء
ǣҵȥӭҵȥӭϵͷĨϺ飬ʰλۣ֬óżˡϲѵӳ
ŤͷְطǸģȥ㻹ʲôǲȥҪģηȥɣȽһ˫ۺŪȥ˵
ЩӦһֽͬȥӭٱһʱֽŶӲһֱ˺ģǰ֪Ǻá
ֺ׷һϤİϷ˿޹һԼĸ˵⼸Ϸ˻ȥַŮǰ
ۿԶԶ˴ӸڸİƽһɫһЦ
֣񣿡


80 
ְطԭΪҪԼܵܵĳԶԺ, ռһ棬ǰγϢν涼ȥ׶ܵĿ, Ҳǰôµ֡
ͷٸн, ȴǽӲޱȣһЦЩǰ˫˫ȥ
ֺ׷ǰ˫۽߬ţƵز, ʵĲ˵δ, ѵǲϵ˵ǰʮֺҲֵ, ֻԸ𣿡
Ϸһ˫ζ, ӵĸ첲ǿЦſοϲ÷, Ǳǰһȣ楴Ůһͬһ۱ܿţ㶨ǸѡǼҽհ硢ȥ´ԺƲٰлҶҲףʵ˻Ӱ
㳤ҲھУѴȥ, ǼҿԲ
ΧֵǷ׷׸, ˵ּ£ּи, ʵǴ컯
ĸ׺ڴ, ֻΪ׺ú, ĸϥ¾Т, ȱʧϴķ׵ᣬ̾˿ʵڶԲ楣һ߱꣬ԸôտǴȥпƣýˣȥӭҲ޷
Ϸ˲֪Ӻ˵ֻ̧ͷһԼĴӷ޶ˣתͷǵȷ極Լա
ϼ״æΪԼȥ飬ٹЦǰҲ壬֪붨ԶСүһŴõĻ£Ҳ̿û̫̫µԵھڰлͷһݶġ
ĺԵŵð˳ȥǼڲС
㻹ߣϷ˺һƵء
ֺ׷ֻһã֪飬ԼУû۸ķһ˫Ů
ڶŲǰĹ˾˽ʱŮǶˣив²⣬±ڴ˽˫˫۾ֻŶ򸾿ֱ˺Ҳˡ
һ·࣬Ƚ𻰰գǰĪϷˡܲĿ⣬æҪܽȥ
ְֿط磬ǻҲ˵ˣľͷһ
ĸлظаգ캮ڴ˵ȷ볤梡ԲģȻҪָ˿ĸ׻ظԺֻǰȱǡ
ǰĸףȻظУҲ÷ԸϯȰ޲ýƴǳϷ˼ӻȥԼĿĥְط磬һͬȰο
ǻعæĸȻظգػӭǡ
˵Ķʲôһںͷ޲úݺݴⲻõһ١
ǰ˾֣µµΧ۵óһƬմÿؾ۵ĳ档
׼ɵһ̻ˮ
ΧһȦýζȿ޿ӵŮỽסһ겻ϣĸȹ󣬽űǳ梳˳׵ƽҲᣬȥοĸףһϲؽȥ
ſ㣬ϢߵʮѸ٣һǰĹʽ˼ұϰպϢ˹
⼸ϴŶŮָȥڼ˵ҪϷ˽ַլһͬסЫͬסһ
ͷѣҲ֪Ӻδѧȥ򸾶ǰ֣ҪʰϷ˵һͬҹƣԺдޣֱڶ顣
δ꣬Żʵֺ׷ְطľ
⼸֤ܵһ빬ʥȻʵŭʱ˳ıһҰţ跻˵˶»ӡ
øɾ֮󣬾һ£ıˮֳ֮Ŵʵڲʹʣʵۼ˽ƽѺϵ
ͨˮݸСֺ׷ͨѲ鲻ڣǴӵʱֺ׷ˮ֮˵ĸϱһöͭƵϸСӡ
ְطҲ벻Ϊǰż˸ɾ谮͵͵¼ݣֻΪ˽ָ֤
ڵİֻΪ¶ѾˣΪ°ͺϣ˵ɵŮдһ״֤֤ȥ˻ʺǰ
ǰһֱͣĸεķ޶˾Ҫأ޿̸ϵȥ
ƽı׾죬Ю¶ԴỤ̊С͸˵Ϊ֤лаƽ֣֤֤ȫʵðмʶһԺ޵ֶΡ
ԣɱߣʣıƷϹٳǧ
ʵֺ׷δҪֳ˵ְطоλҿϺүսĹϿҪôޱᡣ
ֺ׷ʮ㲣ĿˣĽ£ֻ࣬úˣȴҲ뵱·
ȫƾ¶ᡣüҾлʥ
պ󣬻ʵְּطı׵޿ˡݾչ٣ı׾죬ջھֶһǧ༧Ů̷˾
֮ͬ˸䷣һá
¿ﲻĸϡŮϣֺ׷ϡ
¿޵ûȥĸ׻˶ѪţȴĽ֡֪ϵǵı㣬ĶϱʮգͲнĺŮǶԼҶһƬģԭֻͼˣ
ĸҲûȥҲҲպޣʵĥ
Ӳŵǽˡ˵²⾪̾ʵۣн¸дڷʽдģԴ˽̵׶̰Ȩ󡢸ֵǽ֮
ůŴһӦѡգýŵס
л˵
á顷
һ½ǲ


81 
дǰϺүµĻԼ, ̫ھԭǲý˵ɲʣֻ뱸ź, Ƹ㡢ơ˪ȼ, и˱ýźס
ɲʱзǲصŵģ½ţлһͬȥ˰ַլ, ֵĻ˹, ֻڴȺ
л˴ǰҹýûСɾ, Ц˵үģͶ, ѭ߸ˣּҲ𣿡
ɫ΢, ֧ţҡһӦиˣǰŰգлˡ
ֻôżԽţӼ˺үǰֲԸţԺ档
Ϸֺ׷лǰӽ¹Щ, 㽫ǰ¶˵ˡ
Сɾ, żϷЦҡͷ, ǽŰ, ǰʲô¶, ǼҲʲô, ¶ǣȥСЩʲôСŮŹҲá
ֺ׷Ǽ⣬ŸջؾãδúŮԲһСȢŮܻؾҲųλ̩ɽҲùΪѣʵڼֵĺܡ
л뼸λһٽһǻϤѭ̸
ŮϷ˵ĻһԺȥԼСҲһһүǰվҲ¶
֮ɴǣĵȷȷԼӣŷźл˵ǰţֽȥҪЦġ
ǰŮ飬Ц˵Ϸ˵ǰͷ̸£үںͷҲδɣүؽ⣬ūա
ԺСèˣŮý˵Щһ˫ЬȹǰȥŮûؽ˴ԺĲ˽ȥŵطյ裬㹪¡
֪ΪҪյ裬ֻԵһۣĸﶼڣһλδıķˡ
СүΪ֪ϽҵʵǸɶõĺɾ
л˲ͣ˵ţдŰֵĸֺ׷ϹĿڴ˴ҲУ¶ǽûȥ˵ýּٴЩֺûȥ㡣
ϷϯϣһƳֵЦŴ衣
ϸţȴ˴ͷŵЩг
һղҲý˫ԲֻǿЦǣ£粢
֪ΪҪյ裬ѹɤ㲻ǲص𣿽ôˣ
ȻҪƹ̤ʵһֱûףèץƵܡŤ˵滰һ߻ҪͷŽ֡
ֻ̿ô㺦ҵﲻӦ𣿡
ֻǣַԼĿڣָⷢͷȴü죬ͻͻײģֻŴЦ
ˣЦ⣬ĿڣʲôĻŵģ
ͷһףŴտڲֻǣͷ͵˶л˿ӲĿޣЩɾ˵ǲԼ
л˳ȥţҪ˵ЩеԵҳлź̩ɽ̩ˮķĵޡ
л˴˷࣬볢յ÷ѩڰգŮӣһزҲͿˣСŮʱ¼õĸҪ˲ǡ
ʻˣһֽۣ
лüЦ׽ӹЩ޵ĳﱸγѣԼӦл֮ǰ߲ǡϲɫѹֲסĴյ˵Ҹˡ
ŸľҪˣʮֲ⣬ֻ
ҡҷлǰ˵ֻϵţڸּңҪЦġŴ۾Щ˼Ժӿɺã
ԱЦ֣һͬԺ˳ȥңȥա
ұƸǧҪҡЦתŴȥˡ
˲ɣЦ԰ӻԼԺС
лŮǰСү⣬ͷһ㱡ЦţǸ˼ӵСɾֽдֵĸ
ү¿ɷˣ֣Ƹٺͺүһͬš
Žӹֶллˣʱý˾ơ
лЦǺǵؼǳر㽫Ƹ񱸺ˣһٽ̫ھһӦġظ˼Ϊĸݣһжǰͬˡ
ףĸףձҪɻˣһλܺõСӣֶ˽ᣬ֮飬ܱӺ¸ƽ˳졣
-
űû飬ϸһ߶糤ĻľϻУұʹ츮Ƹ
Ƥ˿ԱиɫɹƷȺζϡ¹Ƥһúױ㣬ƺƵس˶Զš
䱾ضƷƸƲóƥʣųȥϲϻеĽʹǰ˽½ĲƲֽٽׯĲڶƵױƾϻУʣֻ˵ʡȥ鷳Ҳ޲һνҵ׶ա
һȴųƸ칬ǰʾл̫Ͷ
筺ۣ¿ϵɫ˿ߣ츮ǰȢ⡣
͸ӭ걸֮Уǰݹһ߳ġ
ĳǣԸٱײ ׿ϡ°ݣ
л˽ƸӳϣЦŵ϶λ𸴡
֮󣬺Ŷ俴λɾŽյӢЩӹڵѥǴµģɶۺδǡôֻһſȻţɽš
ЦЦԲͷһ˫ۿԼ硣⣬·һȪص˹պͶ϶ű죬ôŴ꿴ִ򣬼ȴżƵġ
ƲˣͷҲ鼱Ƥ࣬ÿһֶļϣһųģȡɿϸϸǻ
ɾʲôɽΪٱµģ
ĪЩ˸УƸᣬ˶ſڵϳ͵вţ򣬽ԸãСŮУ˹죬ࡣ
ֺ׷簲οֶ֣δŮͷ͸ѱõĻʾԼ޳ɡ
ϲʤӽȡһʼϣĳ˹˲³Ǵգ۹ڷɽж಼ͣһӦȫִ١
ֺ׷ⲻãڸյ³߳ɻ飬ֻܽŮһˣ˵һӦ뱸Ҳ̫Щ
ü˼ֻ˲ļնǺϼӺãֻ³ԼĪ֮䣬֪Ƿ꣬Ȣ
ллæΧǣʱѲ⣬Сү˶ಷ㼸գźá
ŹӦʣźл˴Żˡ
˵ǰСŮᳵ·ķӡŻظзңŴЩʲôȥ⡣
ҪѰĹҹ󣬺úÿʱ壬Ҳٶӻˡ
л˵
һοһ׫ϲۻ뻹ǸĸıȽϺá
ǰȽϸ룬Ϲq-q


82 
ԴƸÿնϲ, ޲ýβ̵ȥͬż֮޲Ȥ׷źʱȥլۻ
Ȼļ, ϲʵͱ, ֻǻڻδдϣֻ̾¶꣬ʹźöӣԼĪµ, ʱһλ硣
Ҳæµ, ֵʰլԺ
ϲ໨ľʱԱ, ±԰, ݪŪҶרʰ, ֻ棬ǻºߣҲһ¾ɫ
ȻҲҪסͬһԺǣӦŮǰãԺȥ벼óһ鷿ʹã廨Ǻõġ־÷޶һһ̫, 㽫Լ鷿ʰһ, СڷţһӾ
ΪŮҶϲЩɫ, ƽյȹ, ֽ鷿ڵĴ᣻ǳɴ, ٱһײǺ, ˼ֻƵСУʱٰڷЩĻ䣬ɫһӱ컡
˲һ־鰸ЩۣҪɴһԼǰգ˹һīͬһеģīʱʸӶܴܡ
ü˼룬޲ýҹ㽫ظвźá
ɫʳ֪ζùϦʳԺвõϸдֽϣֻһЩᳵ·ȥԺʡ
ҲæȥֳɵĳƲϱõױҲΪԼСӲʱȹͷ޲ơŪżֻͬľɫȺͻӣô仨źÿ
ӻٿգҹ۾׺ͭ裬źϴ
лƹԹϴأʲôһ˯գﲻź򡣡
׺ԼǶԽӵ㽣ָʽӨӨЦЦΪⱸȵӣʰϴþ߱ˡ
˵ǲãԲ棬ԲġеڴߣҲ֪˶á
⾪Щ˳ȥʧЦǻǰԺǽүûء
˲ͷɢڷأ٬ϣүصģСӿ׽׽ýˡ
̧һȸϣֽԶЦإ˼ǼҲãɻٺòˡ
Ц΢ֵջؾұɻ飬Ҳ̫Щֻ˼»ҲûʲôҲǺõġ
ɫ䲻ʮԵһڴ˼һ˫۶ֻеĴ𰸡
ţлΪ룬ʱҲҪ²ܻСЩܶԸ׶༸־
ЩڸпҲĸ׸ҪһЩһԶЩˡЦЦ̧ۿҳɻȥвһյĹÿնԻ
˼ǲԶŽǣͬأзһСϻսۣһͬȥ𣿡
ʧЦ˻
δ䣬㱻ɫУԭζԶԶȲͷ¡
ܰ㣬˿˿ǻò֮֬ʵͷ¶ѡߴ󣬸ΪȥһƬ¹⣬ͷգʱϤİӶᣬȣУ˴
δɰڷŨ˳ָ⻮Ĵԣձ΢΢ӯⴥڴҲ
ҹްĶǷ񷺺죬¶ȷʵƭˣƬһ㻬壬˺޲òƷ
Ϣ֯Ҳ֪Ǻãֽȥ۽Ҳ˲ˣеãɫԱһֶãָ̽Ĩȥһ㾧Ө֮ɫ
˶֣źͷɤ͸żɳƣձ̶ڡ
⡢ҵϸüۣһ̣Ѿ̫ˡ
-
Ŵļ̶ȥǶإӣ꣬Ҳ̫ȣŲ
ϲ̵ذݱλ̩ɽ̩ˮæظдϲ㣬ٷ͸ͬ׾죬¥Ԥ븮ϯ;ˮҪȥʵʱʻźá
һӦɵسﱸţһȡһϲԺȥһˡ
ǻʵ۵ĸسŵȻΪʶһۣ˵ʮֿǰѰ֡
˷׷ײĿ֪λĳѰЩʲôǰ̴ӹؽԺλŽѰ
洺磬гϲϣĳձ㽫ףإˣַԶլۻ򡣡
佩һ˱˹黹ҪԼǰҫʵ޳ܣȴֻЦŽϲͿ£ǹϲүˣĳʱһأףү˰úϡ
ϸһ飬ת
˼Զ˱׷Χѯʣ
䣬Ǻʱ˽ģ
ǰϲ㣬ǸĿؽ黹ǳء
պǰ;ɱЩͬŰ
Χڵзʤȴֲܼ귢ŭҲкΪԮύ߹٣Ը
ֵȥ¥ƣխֱ֮ҹѺдһƪģۺΪӡΪСˣһʱ㡣
ûձ㴫ŶУЦܽǺϼӺá
-
ӹ÷ɿ죬إ壬ױӡ
ҹʾ׾ŮǶǰûѽ»񣬻δԵСҲմմϲ
¬ҵķ˸Ůͬأ͵ĺʵڵúܣֱȡ˽ѹףС˼ϸЩѡ˸ʽС
㰮㣬һ¯һõ뵽ҡ
Ұ˵СõĶõϣұ˴һСõȦÿý
ɫ΢죬ҪɻôԶˣҲֻ¡
鱦ԭĺһɿɰСһŮҵ⡣¬ѩŨλ趼׼ЩصؽָԼС֮ϣһҪ͸С
ʮ־ϲ¶Ҳϸǡ
Ϣô죬ѩŨҸЦ⣺Сأţȴ̲סͷһ֪ġ
Դһһʱ˵Ļǰ㡣
СһֻʮǰʱĸСʱ˻ٽԲĹĵģ
¿ҪĲǣæѩŨվ𣬡˶ڣĪײˣŨŨǳȥЪϢա
Ķͽˣ˵ˣԺֲôײѩŨڴЦﻹЩ
ֵؿһۣЦ˵˵кףŮҵиѩŨһСá
ûЦģҪһһСҪɷˡѩŨʮͬصͷ̸ֺӽӡ
ǶҪúùƽ˳ǡ


83 
إ, ½ˡ
츮Ŀͷ׵ϲɫױ㣬ֻΪСӵĴӡ
⻻һµ, ׺Ŵͣ, ִйο档ӺԺĸ븸ĸĶ֮أϲԺױȥˡ
½ŵأͷҲٷСӶԺе, 㻨, Ĵů
Сè, 㱻˪ԺС, ȥ򸮰á
̫شͶƷ仨εɻʱָλŮǰױ, ʵѵõ١ɫ֯͵Ĺ֮ϣɴеȹѰһԣ緸ʢڰУһСӺ
˵ĻǶαڣȸνϣΣ԰ö, ӳձлͻ͹, ۲ѡ
־޵ԳУ˼, ֻл
Ůʮֺ, ЦǺǵؽͭǰС, Ƕ֪ױźˡ
ȡ˪, þϣʱ⣬ȥ˷Žĺ⡣
Ӵ飬Щ֬ӰЩܸԴ죬ŮٽյȺãȡüұۣΪü
ŮҶױգѩŨ㱾дŮͣҲǰ
׺ںͷΪŮϻ⹬Ůһ˫ڵױѵһѧҲ÷ԼӣŮҲ˶ֻ˿øЩ
˫üҶŮȡֻԲͷ̷ǳͬ֬ϸϸѡ֣ǳϸϸβ˫οŨˣ꣬¼Ƶģ
֬ԭôིѩŨڴ˵ƽĨϲ١
ЦҡҡͷҶֻɻһգȻɵۻˡ
Ůִϻȡмϸ䣺ˣΪͷ
ϴǺЦȷŨŨᣬӹŮе̴ľΪŮһһµ˳ӾпŮʢױüۣһӻصŮʱҲ췢Ҫˡ
ᣬֻϸϸճɻ飬ʮָˣһӻ˵µЩ֪ôˡ
պ밢ˣʱؼұǣհǰ˺󡣡¬˼˱æסϼͷο˵֮ʱ涼еġ
ŮҲοӹе̴ľΪ˸ׯĸ٣ͷüöСι̶°գӳúݣٳٲҲ١
㻻еɴ£ͷ
ǰˣͷź컨
ŮǲɶЦǼӣСӻδױء
ĸЦŮǰ˵Ķӣֻ˵СɾʹʮֵЩסүǡС˾Ԥһ֡
ͷ飬ӵ
ȹѴ׹ڵأĹ⣬ٽ緻һװͣҲԳǡŮǽױ̨ǰΪȾڣ⿴žЩ죬Լδʢװ磬һΪأЩҪѹľӡ
ϽֽŮֻ˵
ŮŻڰο̣ȰñɿЩ
ӲӵļıСӴ˳صĹӣ޲ЩóɻҲðĸۡ
סүԺǰţԺһСЦųᣴ֮Ԥ
ŽϲۣťϹذɰ񻷵Σɴ۹񣬹ñ֦Сɺ񻨣Ե÷ٷ硣ߵδȺлȻĿǸ
Ǿк֣ǲ䣬һɵöܲװɰǱ߱˽ȥ˷ʤ
λСǳſᣴɾ𹥱̺ͷų˹ȥ
ԺкЦǰͷӭĺ컨꣬ңңҹĴǰ
Բ࣬ºɴڣֻ¶Ĵꡣ
Ļ񣬽ڳ档ã֪ǷǰѲŻ񣺡Ʋ
⹴ǣСǰ״ױʫա
ɶλŮٲֲֳϲȣ߳˵ĻУЩˣеŮ⻪·ֻһˡ
ȳӿգ̲ס뽫еĳ߬ס
븰ݱ𳤡¬˵
ͷͬУ˫۾޷ƿ
棬߼ֻ¶üۣȫ⣬̲ס˫תţȴöӣæרߡ
ϲʤôҲСš
գգۣĴȱ߿
ʵںÿýӻֻ˵һ䣬ǵڵøʵЩȥ
ߴôҲܿһ֣Ҳ㹻ˡմױβձߵĺһֱ޽ǣüβŮϸϸһöС䣬С飬ôͷȥʵյȫò
ŴСʰףɻ飬ҡҶЩţһѿɺã
ʵҴǰҲΣճɿա
˵꣬ϱšһѡ
Ҳûۣȴʮ⧲ΧеŮͷ׷ײĿڴ¬ɤӣһǰ
ǰ衣
˲УϯϷ򸾶ˣۿ΢죬Ƿѿ޹һˡ
СݼĸҾףٽӹŮĲ蹧ϡ
ֺ׷ٿԼŮǰ
ĸò衣񣬸Ҳ˼ңĸҲٹһˣʲôĵأ
Ͽ¶ɲŮòʮְ䣬οҲѹ
ֺ׷ͷϸһŵˣȥա
СŴŲ۵ƣڵҪúôҰ㣬׼۸
Ա֣񣺡Եˣһúչ
ٰݣŻ츮
ڼ츮ǰĻ鳵˺һˣ¼λ˳Ų󻶺˵ЩϲĻ
ŹлַԸɢЩϲǮϳС
ӣǳִǳȴ֮ܣƴǹ˻鳵Ԧǰʵڷ档
áӭ׶ƺƵǰУھйһٻضԶ򸮡
л˵
⼸̫˲˼±ȡѵһúô壡
һ¾ݶһ»ճСʹʲô뿴ĿԸѽ
=3=׸λ


84 
һлǸ, Ľ׺̽鴮ҡҷڷмǰУڶ, Żһ·ǰС
⽫ϥЩʧ, ǰǲȥаʣһҪ®Σһ㷢˳Саڷŵĵ, ʱж»̻, ȡ˵á
лˬӣĵ׼ͭ봽֬
ȡµС, дЩЩĵӵĻ, С磬ЪϢ, Щ͹ͺ
̶ɳƵģܣ˿УùЩӣͭ𴽺
µµͣ˶Զǰʮ֣صز복ǰ³
ƿů, ⶨ˶, Լָϡ
λŮ׺, ͷб, Ũ, ˫ֳŲ繲®º̺, ͸ı篣׹᣹ӰڳһƬõǰ⡣
һٰ䲻ľ£뵣ʹлݣȼ̴㾴ȶԶ򸾣ǻ󣬽л꼪Žһ֮С
йִλ׾ϯԸ񣬻һͬ·֡
һֵؽԺޣڲ÷ҷȼŵů㣬δűСΪȹٽ齱߰
˽Цϲ֮ͬ
ȴȡֹֻӳǱȣһ÷ݡ
ߴ٣׷úүٳϿЩӵͷ
Žƣ¶һ˫ԵĿʢױýװüۣڲů֮»Ůһ±
ӡȥǱϸϸӣֽȰסֻ֣ǰʧ
ŵͬǽһ࣬һ棬Լӱ㽫һĶˡ
ϵźŮɫɹӷϣԹλʡ
˻༪黰ףؽ֮Уϲ˸һڷúϸϸϻУʾͬġ
ɾӹơһϡ
Ŀ繣ִյһһһյ֮ϡ
ϲɾӣӽǷһ塢ٱˡϲЦŽһӦպãͬϲӯӯ˵˲ٰúϡϥĻ
λŮٹ۹ȫ񣬱㹪شлعףүͬģعȥˡ
ŵͷ½ϽõĺɰλŮ٣лࡣ
½߾ˣӦдڱ֮ʱȴЩᣬǰĥĥ䣬ֻǰƬ̣⡢ԺҲϯ棬ĹҲ뱸Ӿܼ𿴵۵ñǣĳժ˰ա
׺ڴһһֻڷжµıڻΡ
ӽԴѹˣϸ緢Сؽ֧֧ж£ǣͷл˵ЩʲôҺֻһβ֮ܿĺڱ貣ӳڷױһɫ
ͷͬŵȲˣԺү컹ûأǺȹٶҲ١
ʱæͣƽھпˣֻǶԷǡС䣺ƽղ˵Щ
ڴʧЦȥգġ
֮һͷسݣʮֲرͬŴˡ
⿴׺ˣ̲ס̧첲һտۻˡ
׺񽫱ڹúãлʱҪ黹ȡΪͨͨͷһ죬ɵܡ
һ£һҳۣ÷գԵһ˵
̴罫¥ϯ汸ˣ˷ԸڷţƲ߱á
밸ԸĿζƷ䣬õ泩ǣͷȾȫǺÿ˻ģͷϯ滹Щ
ʲ䵹û˵ӶЩ׺õʮֳ죬ԲΪԼӲˣڱԡͰһȥһΪͷ
ֻҲ˴գȥЪϢգǡ
׺Ц˵ͨͷܲʲôЪҲ١
أЩкүźӣҲˡЦҲ
ɫ죬ֻһۣⰸԵģҲ²ס죿
ǰҹϴЩŮѹ׵˽ǰ±Ҳ֪£һĴȤһӶռ֡
׺һöУЦЩ˵ЩԼӡ
Цðգ̷뾻ԡ׺ԡͰ㵹¶ζˮ뵿ȥⲻѡϴǦΪ˳׺ŽѹűڵķఴͰ߷
˽λСΪƣסĺõͬţԼװõǰ
ñڣԼľѾл˯ա
Լͨƿȥȴֻпտգ֪Ʈһ㡣
飬ʮȥһӷ󣬸˼ֻ̫ͣ٬Թڰߵ
бõĲˮΪԼһյȥȥȡĲյһĨۣĿⷽµģ׵Ĵյĵôˡ
Ǿ֣ʹؽֻյߣӡĨյвв裬ȴ
ɢԺףԡˮֹĶ䣬Ҳ˼ڲݡźüֻԼʮ˲ݣֳŰοԼ˵ǶԼӣڴѾõĶҲûʲôùֵġ
΢ɴڰߵıӰ̤̺ϵĳҲֺܿתͷɤдЩţЪϢգδҪġ
ֻСС˵˾ãشҲƵĶֻ׺ЪϢȥʰɾԼٽͷһյյֻͷһԻ
޵ƹްͷ齱ߣīɢ
ߣһЦִϺ⽥Ⱦʮֲ˼
ſ׵Դķ飬㻹
⸧˸飬ЦȻڵս䶨ǣұմš
ʲôȡһֻ֡
һöƳɵƽۣһ˵ú֯ͷϸϵ䡣
ˣ˴ڴȶܹ𣬽ϵ令ȫҲǽϵߣһҲ߲ʹ۽ޱһ㱡ȴŵ
ִһָԼϣǹָ⣬źͷ΢ʼҲһζ
ָ˳䣬ֻɢ½󣬴ӿݷļϸͣµ˼ǰ㣬ճֻ˵ؿֺɫ仯۵ס
ŴӴˣֻһˡ
ŨӰҡ졣
죬ָ⽫ÿһ϶йͣ١
ҹкӲҪģЦʮָջУӷΪͱǡ
л˵

пǧлһ·֧֣ҲиֵĶϹ
뿴ķ˵˵
һһúôո
ҵרԤѽ
ϲԴŮvsȮĵ㡶³ղء
ϲл᳡ˬֳĵ㡶̨¡ղأ
һ=3=
85
Ĺ, һҹء
ʮջ٣ȥ빬лͻŵգŽŴࡢеͷڸĥ˴, ޲һźáűб¶, ·糢֪㣬ҪƳη
տܳױ̨ǰü첲, ҧŷȥ, ֻھǰһһġ
бϿɴʱӰ, ʮֺõ, ٹӵסϸϸ侱Ѵܰ, ȥϾ࣬غܡ
죬ηȻ䣬µĳʪ˳ŷ˽һöƮױ̨ϣӦжĥǡ
ɿ, ظȺⱳ, ȴֿ
㲻ʲôǹ˳˰벽
ôˣ齱㲻ϲˣͷ, ⵽ھӳ̻¶ظͣ, ʮظ½ЦЦ
ʱ˶ͭȥ, ջü, ȴǣ米ᴦ˿
ôˣǰ첲
˼ʣСϸ鲻˵ĶǸ첲ۡ
֪ЩʲôԣƸఴȴЩԵģԲסӣҵĴ
üа羱
Ⱥţһʱ޻ŴӾпԿڵӽüȥͷ䣿ˣǳ̤Ҳá
֫ţһ˲¶ЩֽڣδͣǳſŪʪЬ࣬ȥɺã
ⱾҲţֻǽŻüŲ´˿˵ðգٳš
ŷȫȫΪԼЩӵĺᣬ˫ȴױ̨ϵü죬ĵһӱ
ӣüɺã
ȺķŪЩ˯ۣھԡ
ⲻÿɷֻŴǲĬϡϲ̵֣ϸüҶ꣬±Լһʹˡ
ǰҲΪüֻľͬҲ繼֡
ָԼӵսСָϽС±ʣһһң΢ġʱҪͭȥΡ
㻭üģⱾʩΪһ黭һʹüҲδü֣ЦҪӹ
ǣⲻ»ˡӹü죬ϸ·ڻһ䱦
ʮģ૵Ӵǰ˫üǴþ͡
üҲ˼ϸ壬һ˿һƣü壬üβյøɾȴ˼ַӡ
ΣͭЦе
ȷʵʮŨˣҲ⣬ֻǱԼ໨ȥ̡
ãҾ֪㻹աĿޣͭ͡
ЦŽԼӵԼֻҪģʲôõģ
Щʲô֬
Ħգ˫пԼĵӰһͽˮ֮УҲ֪ѧΪױԼ˽ġ
˺վȰϽȾ糺죬ȥҿ
¿ղ죬֬ˡЦͷ֣ǲزǼ⣬»飬⡣
ǲǻҪ㴽죿쳤۰ȥ̽ױƣסۿָѰ˴֬ϻӡ
дɺУоµӣ֬ɫҲǶ֡
Ҫʹãʵ֪òָմȡ
һһöСƣɫɡ̧ۿֻصΡ
ԭСױ˾ɣƣѡһɫ纣ĵΪϴ죬ʵЦֱȰסǣ𴽽˾Ϳˡ
Сõʵ࣬ʣָɺã
Ȼͷָմϴ죬ٷ컵ԼĥԭòƵ˼ָ⣬СɵĴ·ôҲͿƵģͿĨ˿ûͣЪ˼
һĨ޵糺仯СɣָȾ˺죬˳Ŵ껬򴽽ǣڲ̽һ֣ʵ߳ĥǵ࣬סŵͣ
УֻԼĨȥָк죬ȴӣ˱ԼݼƷ
йɻ㣬мζŴսЩɤӴŹƻζϸ
Ӱ˺Ļ
-
ڽֵҲ˿Уܺúùһ䶨Զ򸮡
ܼҹŸŸԺԿ׵ظΪ˽ܣȥδ޲ɣĴҲûһձ㿴˹ܼԣү鷿
ЪϢƬ̣СȥԸ㡣ܼҹ£п
һţ㱻ݵķɴˣⲻ鷿СӵĹ뷿һ㣬Ҳǲãֻůɫ鷿ͷϰ֣˫Ŀƣۣ绻ɫɫ
ͷȥ鵹ǲ٣дųĹܣǷŻġһߵмϰʽСõġ
鰸ԣֻһοջǶ˶ڴ˼䣬һ̧ͷܴӻпԷӰһ˼
ܼ㣬˷Ըˡ
ŴǴԼİתͷȥ
İɾ˼ṫģһǼŮױᣬĺ£ǿġ
ѰһλŵμǣȤʱѡһ
ɸճһֽ⻹Ϊͷװ֡ι̣ʰһȴһֽ
ֽ֣ⱾǰдμУһֽϿԼСӡҲԼּ
аַլۡ߰ʮ
ⲻԼ°ַ¼լӵķһʽݣԼǷݸ˰һĵ
ϣϸĥţܾкδԡ
ԭرˡ
˵ٽ¼ҲҲ޳֮Σ
ҧʱȺ󣬿Ͷ
ǵŻظգظʰ
л˵
