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ūлС֮
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ﺦˣʾ֭ҲûԼʲô
ֱԼɻĻ
ȴ׷ףڵóԸ޸֮
ǣ
Ӷʲôʱ˰

Ϊӣȴɥĸ;ڹǽ
һ˶ʹ
Ϊǣȥݻ뱰΢ͼūȺУȴһ޵Ů˸ϡ
֮ʣһ˫ϸ׾̽ޱߵĺڰ
ά׽ů
Ӵˣĵһ̹ǵӡ
ΪȨȫΪӪΪȨ㳯Ұ
»鵱·ĴϿҪܵ
˽أִ֣ᣬȴﱦ½Уӵδȥ
ʳָϣ
1.ŰǴˬģҪŮߣͼԱ٣
2.ҹòŮж᳡ǻ
3.1V1+sc+HE
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ݱǩ ж ֮  
ؼ֣ǣ  ǣרԤաҵ롷  
һ仰飺ҹԵÿһ
⣺ĵ׵İ¸˵


1 
ؽӭյĵһѩ
ΨԽٽϵĽˮ磬һ꽵Щ£˿δɽӺıѩŰ֡
ۡڣѾ̤ʪܵС·жżðѹޣһ·Ժȥ
˵ط㱻ԺǰҹѾӳСѾ˯ˣ˻ȥɡ
һԣԺ̽̽ͷǵС黹ǲ𣿡
ӳ̾һҡҡͷүͷµ˼գ뱻ѩסȥ·Ҫѩͣٸ·֪ʱִܵｭˣСһڴˣôϢ䡣
ӳ¿еү¼ҵҵģд䣬͢Ԫ
͢Ԫ볯Ϊ٣ڳʮ꣬һ˴֮λô˸λŷ˴ƴĽŲʮȢΨһķϣȴһֱδãʮŵһŮ
Ϊ¼ŮĶŮǺŽ׳ģԺգǧ谮һ
ÿ굽˶ﲻ;ǵĺ䣬͢ԪЯŮһͬǰļ紺Ľˮֱܺŷؾǡ
ֻǽ꣬͢Ԫų֮ھൢ鼸գ֮ˣȲͬĸͬУһ̵ִｭϡ
ڣڵĺľϣıһˡ
ů谵£ǡ˪ѩϣһ㼫Ϊʵǳǳɴ⣬̤ƶһƫͣʱ¶һѩϸĲֵݳÿĻȡ
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ΪŸĸѩ޷ִｭž۶ǳȴ֪µڿڹŹǰһ⣬صʮǰ
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ɫ罭϶ⳡһѹ֡
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ʱǰӾǸϣΪıӭսĳա
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ץס̰̫ξȴ֤˷˫˫зԾ޶֤̫ξһٷҧһڣʮ꣬ĸײԲ
̶һʱ䣬ﱼڸȨʿ֮䣬ֻ֮Ϊ˵乫̫ξ˿ȴǻʺߵĺˣ˸˵䲻ǡ
ΨһֱĸױִȴֻܺС
ף̫ξ̰С뽫¼նݳǻұĿģʵ۲أӶգ¼ұȾ볯֮У˶֮Ʒ
ûãĸҲҩʯҽһĳգҲʱΪԱ
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ټҵһĻǽ
һתģξͷһοĻ档
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˭Ѳǰûӹһ
ţ˺˶һ̧һƳɤɽµļžᣬ١
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һ㶣˻תӳһſаȵݣǷ٣沿ӢͦüȼΪÿıţ׵ķɫ͸߹ʡ
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جξ亹乣ʧؿ۴⣬첻֪ʱѾ
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ǱʱﶨǲὫһſݷǷӺԼǰһŰǱһ𣬿ǵȷ̫ˣ˫ۣųĹ⣬ȴտ
صʮǰﻨ˺üʱӦԼֻʵɼʹǻǰһж̫ȥŤת벻ԼҪѡ
֮£ִｭϺȥūгǰʵں£򼸸ǿ׳ūڸϣܵ԰ȫ
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ʱһȺ౰΢ūУһ۾Ϳ˽ǸһһϢˣΪģΪʹ䣬һ˫һۿȥǱȥһ
һ˫ūΪͬǱеޣȴ̶ƵĲ˶ͷڴԼܱѡϣΨǳԣʹǱȴ˿ųһ˫ֱض۵׵Ĺ⽫ͷŴһȦ㶵ϣִ󵨡
ʹ㣬ｫһҲˡ
һūб˽»Ȩ䲻֪ݣȴܴͷӿݾһ㡣
ԼǰģԼج룿
ϾǰûڽūҲδǸˡ
䵽齱ߵ鰸ŵֽϣյĸ״ӾǼţǰһѩǣʱ޷ǰϡ
̲סӣǰ͸ĸķֱǰ˺ѷΰʹѲҪپһΡ
⼸սӶξڲǰһﲻ֪ԼػһҪȥı䱯ҵˡ
·ңʱҪ׻š
ǵû˴θµھǣΪ̫ξһ£ֻ»ڿˣ׸ղ鵽һߣҪĶ̫ξиһʱ䡣
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ţܿдţֽķã±˷š
̤ǰһˮӳӭ漴̧ۿһ˲æǰС㣬δū澣ūΪױ硣
ֵ̧̧ȻԺϴһɣ˼Ļؾǡ
ӳɻС㣬ճǲǻҪǰȥǽӭӣ
ü΢ἰƺЩ̹⼸ջûϸˣӳºһǰȸĸһǰϣΪľռ߷ĳգʱ䣬ǽա
һʱõˣվڸϣҲȥ
ӳԼС㲻ʱŮ¶ӣǼԵĲãȻЩԡ
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ﲻԸʵ˵Ҳٶ˵䣬ֻԼСһͷȥ
ͻתԣӳҲ֪ͻȻôˣֻǽʲô¸ˣСӹݣԼӣʱ˲֪ʲôͺǰͻȻȥʮūɻ
ӳͷţҲͬ뵽˴¡
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С㣬µѽūǽɸѡ˸λ⼸ͦ˳֣СȻǲġ
˵ͷȻʳԼ֮ˣǸ˵أˡ
ӳ»һ˲ŷӦʵ˭漴ˣҲ֪ܻգظϺһֱݵķϾɲУ⼸Ҳ֪Żˡ
ȻɴۣȥξϸʼĩæŷԸɵ治Ͻȥơ
л˵
һдҵ롷
Ϊ˽룬俼湫Ա
ȫ浹ڶĺóɼ䵽С˵ֿ촩ԱĹ
Եһɷɵ¹
丶һٶʮֵļ
ڷɺڻǵʱڣů
䳬ӣͷɰȥ
УлĻ
֪󣬷ɺڻֵͻ
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Ϊ˼ŭħӺڻֵŮú峿µ¶ˮС¶첻ʧ
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Ϊ˻ħǮⶼ᲻ħòҪƲˡ
䵽ȿˣħȻ治ɫ丶Ǯ
ۿ޽չֻʹɱ
鵱˾ҹѰַдס˴Żϲд齫
ϵͳɺڻֵ100%һ䱸
ɫһ䣬һλˣ
ͷһʧ侲ŭɶ
ֶס۵ƫִû
ȴһ㣺䣬ӮǮǮˣ
ɵۣ㵽ɶʱڻɱңٲз붼Ҫ˰
ʳָϣ
1.ȫĴ壬ո
2.ǰķǿңתקе±
3.1v1+sc+he


2 
鷿ڣ⣬ָᷭҳỬѩ¶鰸ϵҳȴһҲȥ
ū¸֮ԺˣһūͽǲˣҲδūϣϾūݵͼûԸȥõūˡ
ǻһ˵ƣ˹ò˰ɡ
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һūΣӳ͵һۣ֪ĵ뷨ֻܻӦ򿴹ˣūӹӲ˵ϴΪƤˣδ˼ǣЩ˿ſǺˣҩʱҲδһͨˣ˵֧ͬСĳһ·ظһ¶۵죬ռɫ糣һΪû£һզࡣ
أ
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ӳһʲôЩԥС˴ѡūǴӱ߷ǱͶ˶߷ս¶Ĵµˣй˵ūҲ֪Ǽ١
Ϊ棬պ»ūʹӵˣˣ٣еҪ֪˵
ūԣǴӱ߷Ķ޳ģ߷ս¾Ӷ࣬ɱ¾أԭרйǲֵĳӣץͻҰ޵դУԿ˶Ϊ֣е˲Ҵ֮١
ﵹͷһĵط΢̲סϵǴǵطӳģ
ӳҡҡͷ޳ɲӳĵطֻҪţһһαҰצµ붷޳ǰԼĪ˶޳ʮΣǰãһ޳˸⣬Ҳ֪ʲôˣһ˵Ҳûô˶޳
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⡭ū澱㲻֪ˣҲֻǱ߷ūǵĻ̸漸ּǱ㲻ö֪ˣֻǳڱ߷˾֪С֪飬Ҫǰȥ̽һ
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ûطˣȻ⣬ֵ֪ԼΣ˼͹̧ۿ˵Ĳĵ΢΢š
ǧһ֮ʣͻȻ˷ԶΪԲģһ̼佫̿ͰΧ
˻ɿȻȥ˳Ŀɨˣһ̧֣Ѹٳȥд̿һնɱ
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˯Ժвϻϵĵڴϴã̲סеǣ´һɫ磬÷𳤷ɡȻ˹뷿
ҹ٣ѲߵĻԺ⣬˼Ѿ˯ˡ
ﱾڸҹӳºѣ˼һ־Լҹǰȥūӽ֪Щףû֪ԼָΣһĻĻǰµĲӱӿ
ŵɡܿѲߵĻԺһ·̤ʪŢС·ߵԺݡ
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3 
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˼ˣȥ֮ˣ밲˵СԺȥ˶߽С
һɵҩϢ˴˿ڣ·˿Իڴϡ
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ڿǰ֮˺΢һ˲۵׸һĨԼһ˿ײȣʶ죬йһƵỽ:С㡭
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Ǵͷǰ鷢ڵסƲɫһ˲ӦǣС㣬ū֪ˡ
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ôһ˷ҵ׼ĸо
εس˳ǣԾôС㣬һūŪûԵġ
ʹδ̥ǣҲȻʶ˲ֻǸͨūպλӸλʱΪūʲô飬һЩʣ˲ʿԺӵѹȸС
ڳһ˲ԼȥˣȥֺĴƵͳɤūлС֮
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4 
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ӳ㶵ؿԼӣػʲôֵȥʴ˵ҪõÿЩʲôҩģǸûеģȥ򡣡
ͷǱ߸˹ĶǣΣҲĵǴޱǽõҩģӳ˼вݼϴۻ¶ݡ
ūòŵǸūмֹūԵúȺǺЩӵҲܱȵݡ
ѲСˣ
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󣬹뷿еĹһϸӰ
ˣһϮѩ׳ȹһɫë̺һ˫ڹβ¶޵գһݵξȻ
ǰĻѸȴʮ
˾ȥ˲ı磬˽ӻظϣǰӴĸۡٴη˵ԼԭĻҪ߹
׷ɱ̫ξˣ̫ξлʺΪɱǰ׷ɱд̿ͣǹȻͻʺԡ
ٴĹְ̫ξͻʺֻ³ù
һ˲һתǸԹһ㣬ô˴һһ·ɱ̫ξϣ̫ξѪ̫ξĴصŽѪҺڵĲҽʹݺΪ˿ڶǰⱩŰѪȵһĻԽеëȻ
ȻоѣһҰ״ڴŴڰͣΨвκˡ
ǻ̫ˣл漴ʹǰȥҲԺ
ﲻ֪ǰ̫ξΣܹŻʺڱ˸Ҷλãһ·ˮˣȴ޹˼ɵؽ̫ξһԼ̱Űֶθˡ
ξԽԽƣѹ޷֮¡
ᣬδζء
ūлС֮
˵ưɤشԺ
͵شӹӣѲһպᷢģһ֮Ǹūؾһպɻڴˣĵˮ֮ͶӿȪ౨ļ屨˳
п
һūڶ̶̼ʱλӸλ
ֺ˵Ļش˵ǵˣҲ֪˵Ǽ٣ֻǲԸ¶ݵ˵ǰˣڶ޳жδȻֲģٿʹҲֵһ
ͷȻ⡱һ
źıƿһŮӽεɤ˼㻹ڸϰһΪ㸮ϵ˻أ⼸ûţǶˣδȥѰ
һ㶣Żع
СһͬŮᡣ
곤һ꣬ȥռǱ㱻Զ޽ϣ֮˻㲻һҲ𽥽׮£вϸµƣҲڽϰȶ
˴δͬĸһǰϣǴռһδĻӲŵԱĸͬģǰԭⲢΪѰᣬΪеĳա
ͻȻֲŽˣ㶵ؿһ˲ŻЩɫҲզզﴳˡ
˴СһϤģ¸ϵǼҲӲԹԵһæ׷ʵ㻹δشأδȥѰ
ͷʵѰ
ֵˣɴ۾Ƭ̣˿ҳһתˣһΪ˴ǰϻΪ˳
Ƶᵽգﲻɵòǰ֮£۵һ˿ܿʧֻŵȻЦͲΪռ㣿
ҲЦˣֻ֪￪ڱտڶǳӶˣ񵹺ãѹ˲ˣҲֻһ˱仯Ҳδϣת̸⼸սΧ֮¸ˣˣһδҶһڽϿȤ
ͷΧԣ񶬼Χһ£
ǽѽͷѩأɽļ紺ɽϵԾɻԾţΧԱǽϵϰףһЩڴ֮áҲǼϺ֪µģΪϱͷһڷҹ꣬ΧһصϣŽ˺Щʱûžۡ
˵⣬뵽ʲôʣȤǰȥԣʱҿɴһͬ롣
һ£漴ҡҡͷĻԣҲᰡ
ŵģַſڣһйȤһֱΪЩ̫ΣˣӲѧ
ȻҲ֪£æֵ㲻һֱԣЩﻹδϵϣд˻ͬһȥѽǲᣬ۽ҲǼõģڸϴţȤѽ˵գֳգգ۵Цʱвſ˵֮أ
ԼЩҡ
еſպ󾿾ηչҲ޷֪Ǽ»޷ȫᡣ
ŲǰΪ˸ĴǺĴ˲ٿͷػһȻİõеĽС㣬ǰȥѧϰһƺҲǲѡ
ǽи֪ȥԳŭɸײڡ
һת¶ЦãµĵģĪҪҵ֪ˡ
ȻҲЦΧ֮飬ҲЩȤ˼֮£̲סʵһūϣ㲻ڽϣôūʲô
ɫ΢ܿ쿪ڵû£ϼѡ˼ˣҪڽסϼ£ȻҲҪˡ
գգۣȻעѹūһϣ˵иūüĿ㴽ݰ׵ģĪ˳úãͻôһū˶Ŀɡ
һʱһѾͷۺͬŮ֮鳶ϣһСһūûؿᣬȻ͵˼ūԴӶװʲôѽ
˵ȷúÿʹǱʱҲڵס¿ʵ٣˽ʰɾˣݵȻҲƼģԴ˾Ҳ˿Щòľ̾
Ƿپ£ָЩѪɫǱŮӻҪÿȴ˿ŮüۼĲ͵ɫֽ֮ɫкȥԵøӢͦݣ˵ǽϣǣҲò֮ˡ
δȫδѣ˶ûеģڵҪӿΡ
Ҳδ˺ÿһ˵ڷһ䣬㱻˸ţһЦūôˣÿ˵ʲôҵү˲ūұļˣû㸮λÿҪ˵׷ѰǳĴսĳи˳ÿ׸븮ϣҲʡԶˣۣ˵ǲ
ﱻһ˵죬ⶼʲôʲô
˼ūֳǽķĳˣﳶ˳ǣٶ˵£ֻ˵ȥԽ˵Խˣֻð˰εǣ԰ˣҵ治ˡ
̸䣬δע⵽һСӰǰ
ӳ¶Ųż⡣
ʲô
ˣС㾹ȻǸūΪ˳Ϊ׸


5 
д˺üʱδ˵Ļһ㣬ֱɫֱ
ӳ۷ֻ̧ȥַԸӳ£ȥҩ˵ҩȥ˳ˣޱһ£Ҳˡ
ĵңȴҲû֮¸ˣڰˣūݣֻ¸ҲӳǰȥҲý֪ĪҪ̫ˡ
ԭԸһС£ӳ½ҩȥܿȥɷһϯӳĵʵƽһݱ̲סֱ˿ȥ
˵ǽСѼЦȻ׮׮ΪԺǻ֮ˣ˰ĮĲӳʶ˿ڿˮδüջߣ˺Ĳͷ͵ߴ˸š
ӳһ㶣ɫʱȻǱ£æҩִæޱСˣһң˼ҵСҪˣĪҪСһ⣬ҩϽˣⱻӣҹʵˣĪȾϷ纮ˡ
˵ǵҲ޴ӳ˵겻źۼ˿
ȴͫ΢һ˲ӳ£Ǳⷬסˡ
Ƶɤżֲĳ죬ͷ΢Żһӣ¶ֺ
ʣһйͻй֮֮ϲźʣһ˲Ϊū˿ҲС˲鷳Щ˸ϴ
ӳ¼״ű͵ĻҲƽ٣ˣòȷǽԺӣѹСԴһūԣĽ͵㳤һŲūݣô٣ˣϽҩˡ˵ֳһͬǰļС֣߰ɡ
еˣ˺ܿ뿪ȥ
ݳҲͬⷬļС̲סʵӳ½㣬㷽˵ģģС㵱ūˣ
ӳƳСˣСδµĿŵʹһūֻڵү˺ʽǰ˰ַ֪ܵɣ°ֻûһƲأĪҪš
⻰˵˱ǳˣӳСѾߣϢȻǼٲˣһ˲۵ǾۣūҪ֦ͷѽ
*
ͷ֪ԼСϢ̶̼ʱڸϸ䴫˸飬Ϣһλ˹Ҳͻġڴշתߡ
ԡһϴ齣ξĵЩ£̲ס֪£ֻ֪֮ᷢʲô˿ɻ⵽̫ξͻʺıֻ
ţܿΡ
ʶԼУȻԼϷڹ߻谵΢ҹɫҡҷΧİķΧ
ҰһˣһδĹﱻһĻʱЩǰɫһƬʱ۾Ҳ֪÷úδֻ̧ܾ𣬶һ˫ڵŨ̡
ֻɬԾ¿ˮ˶ֻб͵ո˼֣ˣûٸ˶ӣ̱ȥ
ȴĶϣȵϢ˳Ȧڱ۰С
ʱɫͨ죬̴Ӳһ·ͷԼ
ɻδ֮˱΢΢ȵһۣǿ˹Ϣ˵Ϣİֽս౻ռİĸонӲϾ

ʹֻ֪ǸΣ⸱ƣǰһкƵϵȶȶʵòΣֻԼˣļ콹ˡ
֪˶ã˷ŹĴȴøľѣھ޷ӣĿڣɤɳֵʹţﱦ㡣
ﱦȻһ
ԡܻĸҲֻС
ﱦýӴȥ
ϣ
ȻӦϣ

ξӼ߷ߵίҪ룬ֻЩ鷢
֮ʣͬڴǰÿαجξѵĻɫͨ죬ڴˮʪ½󣬻ȵüҪš
ˣ
Բģ˻Ƶξ
ֱǲĿ


6 
һƵΣｫԼУǽպ֮ᷢ£ҪôǼٵģҪôҲȥɶҲܹ鲻֮ܽٷ
ɱ۸òңŪƵƵᣬȴԸŹ
֪ԼΪλзǰȻ۴ӺνǶȿȥⶼǱ۸ˣͻȻ㱨ˡ
ԸΥգʹ㲻߷ߵξȴãһαһޣһαһף˺ҹﶼ˯ΨԼμʲôֵĶѵ⣬۱컡
ֱգﶥһ㲵ǶסˣµһƬӳһȴ߷ߵ
С㣬ҪȥİӲʣϢɣū澽дɫ
ӳ˵꣬üͷһ壬ĻϢ˯ֻҪμֵĶˣҪȥɽ£а
*
һ·ųǽɽϵɽ¶ȥһ·ȥխС˵ߡ
ֱСͷͣ£ǰ·޷ȥ˷׷̽ͷ￴
ֻһ˫ϸ׵ÿ˳а¶˳һԵӳæǰ״򿪣߳Ӱͬʱ⾪һСľ֮̾
һϮɫƽɴȹ£ǡ͸ϣü£ϸŨܵ۽һ˫ͨ͸ͫﷺƲߵ⣬̺Ĵ֬ĵ׺½Ρ
ӳµ̤ԣ̬ӯǶݣͶΪ֮ޣһʱ俴ۡ
ļҵС㣬˶ˣȢɰŮΪޣζЦѡ
Ŵ磬һҲһФ֮𣿡
ӦǳСɣϼۣҲֵˡ
ϵɽԶƽﲻгеĽǰֻǰȴʮټûŨױĨȴµٸˣûȴ˿ӣֲʳ˼̻
òɷ
ƳǰС·˴ɽҲԶˣ̧ʾڴ˵Ⱥ򣬶Դӳɽ
ӳһ·ĵײЩɻ
СӲݷ𣬱żղͻȻҪɽ·䲻ԶȴߣС㽿С㣬Ҫݿࡣ
ֱһߵг˼ߴ׳ӰӳŻȻ
̧ۿˣɫɱѸٳ˼֡
ԩ·խղţűڴˡ
ǰԼʱ̲ųգһΣųɽ£˵ΪƽȴûΪǸһǩԵ
տǰŵӰҲһ㶣ʶģӾԲһͦν֮˵ȥ˴룬漴ŷӦԼ⶯Щˣѹ֪Լ룬ȻҲ
ɳղ֪ѹһһƲ㿴˳ס˰ӵŮӣŮһصȫòﻹһ۱˳
Ǳǰһֱеˣ޸֮ǰѹ֪һ˴ڣһȴǰԼˣ˳࣬ش˿ѾߵݣҲֻǳΪҶ˶Ŀݡ
մǰȻΪǩԵǩĿŵ
һ񺮣ɫҲѿ˼֡
Ƭ̣Щסˡ
ûڴһӦǷƣֻŮ˾ǰ֪ԼջѾĿײ˸ţٳδзӦ
ջ˼ɫǰߵǰɤãɣڴ㣬ʱĽϣδͨһ
ǰĻͨսִｭգһ˳⣬Ļϲȥ
ɾǰİٰ豳ѣĻа뷨Ҫ˼ϡ
Įؿ˳һۣ߲źۼɨѾߣ漴ǰձˡ
һ㶣û⸱Įӣ仰ǷŵѺʾˣȴֻһӦ𣬲һ仰ˣһʱ䶼֪Ҫνӻˡ
һʱЩΣӳһԿչգգۣΪСΪ볣żСǽ˼Ǻÿūˣ˳Ҳ˿Ϊ
ʹΣҲ޷ô˦ɫˣ¼ҵȨƺ͵λаүҲ⽫Ů޸Լ仹δʽ»Լǰ̶ȣʮþˣҲ֪ĸˣСƢˡ
ţ䵽еķڨЦһҵ˻⣺ˣʲôʲô£
Ϊķ˵ţȴɣ޷ʲôƽԵ֮ģѹûֻΪڴżȻеܡ
ﴹۿԼеķ˼Լ˵Եɣڴ˳գһ׮׮ûһʡĵģ˼֣˼ֲһ䣺аķûʲôãûٵסײаųˣһ
˵գ̧ȱ˲ӣҲûٶ࿴һֻۣһĮıӰ
մԭأʱ⵽㲻ĶԴͲʱճһ㣬ʤڴż⻰δ˵䣬ˣ
ֱӰʧ֮Уղź֪Ӧ﷽Ǿ仰
аûٵס
ڱа


7 
һ·ɫôÿһˣȳǰӲ˼֡
ǲ֪ǸŮ͸ڳ໹ãû뾹ôѾߣǰȴ˿δע
صϣ첽ԼСԺȥԡһҲϴյĻ
ߵԺǰʱһ̧ۣ񿴼վԺĸͦӰⲻǸū
ƺԭǵ˺Ȼתķ
ֻԶԶһۣоһĪѹȵϢӶ洫һβ׵ǴϣĪһš
һ˲⼸еĲȻͷһʱȾܡ
ܿ죬˿Ӱ󣬹شͷ˳ԭһΪģǿưԵģ˿մߡ
С㣿ĶסŲӳ̲סڻһһתͷ˳߿Զվŵˡ
ӳһ£Ҳ˶̶̼ձ´վĻָеȣ漴뵽ʲôתͷʱԼСһŽεɵ˺Ρ
Ҳ̫鲻Խˣǿһ۰ˣŮ鶯ˡӳţֺܿ촹ͷҶԡ
عԼǰս˺úԺֻû뵽ôˡ
ӳ£ɫȻЩڵԼԺӵķȥ
ѹӳ£⼸ΣŶã˱ˣ
ӳҲǲ⣬صūǰȥݣ˵Ҫٶգū澱ûжˡ
̶̵һСξ룬ȴߵü֪Ҫôȥ
΢΢һ΢̧°ͣԼԵ򶨣Σʵʵ񲻹Ǹūܽ
ߵūǰǱϹϾ񣺡ūС㡣
̬Ȳ޲ãҲ˿ͳɤе˿Եñ΢һֲ£ҲãǸĹӡ
ʹĵ׸ԼԴʱıЩ죬ֻǿװ򶨵δϹʲôȥ
δɵͷȵū޴󰭡
÷ȫȻʵ
ﱻҭһ˲ǿӲȴ־ţԸʹڴվűվźˣΪҪɷѿĹ
ţĵЩͷֻĿȸһ㣬ţԺ
ӳһյģСҪ𣡳ү˲ڣС󵨣Ǻá
ŵ˿ڿˮѾӽԺӳæعߴһվŵūŸϽȥɱСȼˡ
ͦģǰ˺ԺУֱӿǷ̥ǣлûʲôһ£ǰ۸һ£̥ǣ֪ҪӦԲźãҲÿ˸ϽߣǰܽĪѹ
˼ԺУԺڵ˺ܿΪΣ£㳯ָתȥ
ӳվɻͷȥСǴʲô
˶һ˲ܿ㰴˼תȥ
Ȼƫߣ㿴ҲܿǷ̥ǡ
һվǰ㳯½̽ȥһ֣δ½һ㣬Ļعͷ״ųĹ⣬
һ㶣ǲѹµòУūѹƣü΢ȵתȥҾͿ
ԣȻɼӶʱӲˣⱻƵ°ס¶ͷת˹ȥֻӲԾЩȡ
Ůıƽһ޵ǻ֮УʹҲоǵµ΢¶ȣŴæƳǰϸָߣȴ֪ʱᴥ
û˵վ˲Ÿио˺ܸߣǸߴһͷҪ࣬ӽ˶ǳһ㣬ͬѹʱһ㣬ãܡ

˱ﲻĶҪӿͫ΢ѸٽЩֵĶԺлɢƮһûע⵽ĨĺΣֱ㳶ס½
һ鵭ɫӡӳУдæһƲĸΪʵ״ɫǳһģһ
֮еĽ
ۼ֤ˣȻ©һġ
ӳ²֪ǳĳձˣ⻹ԺУѲҪū·״ףæӲͷƤǰС㣬Ժ˿ء
һ㶣ܿջ֣뿴һ̥ǣ˿Ρ
ֻȷ˵ȷ֮ˣҲ֤֮պᷢ¡
ξû֮ǰԼǷܽˣպȥǰı磬ξеķչȥĴҲδǰ϶١
ĵ׻ò׼Ҫȥ̾һ˰֣°ɡ
˻תЩԣӳǵɴۣ˻ȥˣ
ԼСŮƤһ˵СȻǲ˼ټȥˣС᲻ĺ°ɡ
»Ҳ˵ˣҲ˼ԴԾǴݡ
˳ؿıӰ۵һƬǳ˸ӵ˼ֻ۵װɫδɢƺ뵽ʲôŲסعͷ˵㲻ǵ𣿡
˽ʲôҲ֪˲ԸװʧҲûҪȥ𴩣ڸϣ֮Ҳǡˣˡ㻽ܵиŵġ
ĿüĻأǣС㣬ūû֡
֣ҪҲա
Ĭһκϸ룬ŵȻˣһ֣ͽС
һʱҲ֪ʲôֱȽϺãϣƺξҵЩйصȡ
ɻһ£˲һ졣
ξΪĽǲĿĻ棬Ҫ룬Ǳֻʣåޡˡ
ĸȡָʹֻǸūպɻڴˣǻᱨ˿֮𣬵ʱ˵֮»Ҫס
Խ룬ԭͱȽϰԽ죬źЩļ٣æֹס˼תǱΪȡΣ
Ϊÿǵ֣ձ飬Ҳ˳ڣ˱㲻ȡˣӦ᲻ɡ
ԣͫ΢һ˲̧ͷԭްһ˿ϸһ֣ͷͷȥ۵׵ɫƵūлС


8 
ʹڡ
̫ξͷ밲֮ӺݻĵɨȥһۣƤʵҵʬ𣿡
̫ξɫЩţҾػʺȥ̽ӵִﶷ޳ʱǶ޳յҶʣˣͷҳʬ඼յĿȫǣ˲״ֻܴǴҴ档
ʺȴŭһȵ⣬ֱӽ˽Ļô£ҪҪʬǻ֪аܰģ
ʺǳһ٣̫ξӲ˲ֱð亹
Ҳûᷢչǻʺ߻ӣɻʺֲô̫ξų˸⣬ͽԶڱ߷Ķ޳Уܾĥʬ޴档
ʱʱʺֵúϲ£죬һʹͣȴȫϣҲ˵䲻ǡ
ʺƳŵò˵̫ξЩΣϾҲԼֵ֧ģŻЩҰοƵģˣǴյӳ˵ǰɣ̫ξ
ʺ̨ף̫ξæͷ͵ǣʺ˵ǣ߻ûˡ
ʺص˵ͷ󻰷һתֵɺö˶˵ģ޳⻹˿Ϊ֮
̫ξæ˻ȥ£ʺſġ
¹лм۵ļһܷſġ
˻ָ̫ξҲ˲׹ԭ߻ӵϥ½ʮĻһʮĻף乬ʮĻӺ޿ɽʮӵĶ֣ˣڻˣ̫֮λʮĪ
ʮӣǻʺĶӡ
ۺڶ࣬ϥø࣬꽥ߣڼǰб㰵ӿ֮еܳ˻ʺĵ֡
ƫƫҰӴۿԼף޷֮⣬㰵£˳ɥĸȴСС;ڳǰո¶ͷǵ߻ӡ
ʺıڵ߻вʹı߻ӣ˳ƽһ乬£бʮΪˡ
̫ξУʺͷҲ̹˼֣һ˸ƣǶֻҪһΪһղɵģʱɱ·ɱҧЩֶ๬нն򣬻б߷һ£
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ݽ߲ۡ࣬ʵΧǽһӰȻ룬ᣬƬ̼ʧ˺ڰ֮У֦ϵСҲ
ؽ䣬ӵϥس˿ڣ£̫ξѾȥ˱߷յøɾʲôҲû鵽
ǰӦģµİ
Ӱ֮У¹ղӣһƬĲ˿ɫ˼Ƭ̵ˣǶʹ˰ݣвɽǲ鵽κ˿
һ˲ܿʣǵ
¸һڻڴסݣ¸̻ؾ¸˶Ŀ
˾ٵ
һѻ˶޳һ·ϾǵūӶУū΢ͼݣõˣʱϴˣȻƵ˵ūֻҪһ·϶δߣɸŶִﾩǡ
ڽϣǸȻе޵Ůˣɱض࿴ۣʹ˽ˡ
ҹмӣȴŮ˾ĪҹūΪΪҽΡ
֪˴˴Ϊ͢Ԫڽլӣ¼ÿ궬ڴ˱ܺƻıˣΪӷΪū˵̫𣬵¼ڻǱȶӻؾҪȫࡣ
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Ĭ˵ͷڴ˾뿪
뵽ʲôڵȵȡ
кηԸ
Ĭһ˲ǻصǽεεɤżְִżŮĽΣʱɤ˼ְƣŮ뿴ӣΪΣ
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˽ʱͻȻһûͷûԵ⽫ˡ
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Ҷʣʵʣҧҧ˼Բ²ģʲôµļıԽΧǽѸʧ˺ҹС
Ժڼž·𷽲˭ҲʲôҲ
ΨվӰе̧۹ʵ£ָĦţǹһĨζĻȡ

֪ݲһѪ۴Ӷ޳гλС㣬ʲôˣ


9 
ԺڰΨԼΪֽξøӿɲ⼸յͣһ㡣
峿һҹΣãߵķа
ѵ泩㽫öδɵĴ˳
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ʱһָβߡ
һ̧ۣӳ̽С㣬Сˡ
ȥ˹ﱧֻë׵СһͨëССһֻͷı䣬¶һβ΢΢ζš
üͷһ壬ʶ˰벽ˣ
⹷ǰỨǮ˴ϡƷ֣˵ǸͷСëճŴƯʵ˼˰ͷһμʱҲȻһġ
СʳʱȥصСʳҧһڡ
˿ڲ󣬿ɴǰ򱻹ҧȮ財һѾڳ¸־ֻţλҽСС˿ڽΣҲֻ龪һ޴󰭡
£˼⹷Ƶߣ˵뷨һˣŹһ·޵˽ὫЭͬһȻĵЩִ
СһƲ֪ϴһ½Ӱû̫ڻֱ˼ֿɥһҲû취ˣôɰܲܵϳĴ˰ɣڽҲûԵѣ£ֻܰˡ
һʱ׹Ϊˡ
ִｭǰе֪ᱻУèһڼǰͱǵĸҽ֤ʵ޴ҲӰ죬ֻעһЩȻԻЩɳ˾طԴ˻̫оǳԭеۣеȻͰķҡ
ŷҲֻỹͬһܣķҲڷ˺֮Ϊѣûа취ֻˡ
ȴҲܾУҺҲġ
⹷ȷСɿɰ˿̴ỳиǹ˳һҧʮ¾˿̸
ǴǸ⣬СʳΪҪͬʳŹģ֮ѾݺݳͷˣҲʲôС̹ˣѵˣ͸ĵ˻ʳĻëˡ
һȵ⹷ͬһ֪͸ģ
ЦЦСرŹһᣬ⹷ʱ´󣬾һŰֽһ㣬ʲôҲᣬʲôҲ֪ν̵ȥԽǴСţԽǺỵ́һЩ㲻ϲªϰͽһЩѧĶȥѧֻҪϤĽ̵պᳯҪȥˣⲻ㿴ڶ԰
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ģһʱ仹û˼ȥ롣ȴסݵ
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˵ۡ£һеη壬ۡģδƼϸڣȻҲǱϲŭ޳ѹȵüҳһ¡
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ξûиǾ˶ٿѲһվδԼǰͿԳŤתӣӴ˿𣬺ˣʰλ֮·ЩۣպǷͲŤӣҲ۸ĥˡ
ǧذת̶Ƭ̼䣬ｫʵʩѸٹһ飬ԽԼȥǰԴΨһ취ˡ
˼ˣɫһݣڵã⹷Ҿţ
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ת㿴һӢߴӳ߹
ĿһȻɴۣ˭
ֱ˸ǰͷ񣺡ūС㡣
˵ͷûעᾪ㶵Ŀ⣬ֻ¶˿̵ĹЩ⣬˵Ҫˣ¿Ҳͦصģѹǰᣬм便ǷʲôպǸģ
ţĴ˹Сʵ˭
üͷᣬһŵص˵λ
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ᵹһɱ˵Ҫ޿̫ˡ
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׸һ˵ЦţĻشҲΪܣҲδ棬ϾôŮ͢ԪҲܵһūɻ飬ʹ׸
ǰ˱˵һˡ
¼ҪʲôʲôǮȨƽԲȱ븮УΪĿҲʧΪһ£ٻ뵱ʱ΢ģ㵱϶ӡ
Դתÿ죬ת֮Ƭ̣Ѿֿԣڲ׽ͶһĨĿö
ҪСõϲ˰
ϣⲻ̶֪Ƭ̼䣬ԼĻ¾ͱýҰһָָͨһܵûС㰲ŷݲ£𣿡
һ£ѹѹת߳ԶһŰëȥܿջɤͳֻӦūСԸ
Żعæǰ벽ֽԼͬｻͬ
ޱĿһֱۣ˵˺ЩɫҲһֱģĻаʱ֣صģ
־Щˣܼ򵥵ģ𣿡
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һ㶣Щεس˳ǣԼ˵˴죬ͻһš
齻ˣҲû룬˰ֱˣȥɣš
ῴȥıӰŵĺܵͣӴսЩ˷ܵ濡㻹Ǽ˸ˡ
˳Ŀ⿴ȥտԺţȳӰÿʲôˣ
̯ϸ鷳ǣ¶֪ӦǶԾ֮ĸлǱ۸Թһ˵
͵Цž⣬ǽĿķǸһ㣬ƵѾͷǲ˵һۣ㶯˼
ʲʲô˼һĵ׵˼ȷ٣ôһʣܾЩ飬ܸоͬ벻ͬһ°
״Цˣʵ˵ûô˼𣿡
ﷴӦʲôԾˣѹֵֹ᷽ģˣʹãæ͵˵˵ˣòФ֮ˣ
һԾθ˼֣ԺǰδԶ֮ס˽Ų
֨֨
һ΢ԺĴҶɳɳ죬ͣҵļֻСߴߴȶңΧ죬һ京ĻﴫУĶ£Ѹ˴ȵĺΣȺһƬ
òФ֮ˡ


10 
⻰ŷӦԼЩʶܣԺ˸æƺδ
ݣǶ˺˿æǰ£͵˵ӣһʱҲ˵壬֮ɲôЦˡ
һȻģһӣ˵øƵģŮƤ˵ͷٶ˵ˡ
һΧ֮£ֱʱˣŵȥ
ҹһμЩ棬ȴֺް취֪һƻŮΪҪЩĿĻ档
ǰ볣ճɻ飬ȴһֱδз֮ʵǳղԸ֪һ±ԸˣӼû߳ܵ飬Դ˸̶ʱռ䣬ȴзȥԼӣʵˡ
̧۱һ˫˫Ũҵβ΢죬Ҫ˽ȥһ㡣
ôؿͣ˶һƵૣﱦ
ѼǲԼǵڼδоˡ
㻽
һ˫۵ɵԲԲģüҲÿγѪ
ȻӴ֪ԼһˣջʩԾ֮Դ
øϽڴʱͽؽ˳ˣȻԺɻô˯Ⱦ
±Ҵȥ
ߵԺǰײʳеӳ£С㣬Сĸ㣬˵Ǵл
˰֣ĵ֮δɢȥɫѵɡ
С㣬Ҫȥģ
ӳתͷʻ䣬ѿ첽Զ˺üֻһ䣺ȥݡ
ȥݣղռ⻹ѰȥСūδҲ̫ˡ
ۿӰѸʧУӳҲֻĵװֹŮӺϣ⿡ӣҲԳ֡
ﲽСԺʱԺڴһôˣҪʲôһ㡣
ͷһϲŭ޳ӣòǹδˣҪ˲ڽɱɡ
æȹԺڣһţǰȴδкѪȵһĻ
Ժ룬ͷűǶҵľ壬ûˣӻӶͷһľϣľ̶һ
죬ǿشͷϣǸ᲻صһ㣬ôһ˲óһϵĿƣһһıľϡ
Ȳ濪޳ֱϼ΢΢͹ޱ΢ͷԵЩĮĿǰľ壬ȥֿͦΣ䱻¶һСۣϱ¶ǿļ̲ı·ֵխ߼
΢ţǴַɫƤϺϸܣһ·˳Ų£Ը
ﱻǰһĻסߣǰ˲ûи߸ϵҲûĸ߰ȴֻͷЩɬ򴽣ƿĿʱȴԤ׵ƫͷ˹
˵Ŀ⧲Ķϡ
һȻʶԼ˿̵ЩԾæƿ͵ץһ㡣
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ѩһջ˳İѩֹס˲ӣɪؿǱסһ㣬վԭء
ѩٷܣŻ͵ҹ䣬ūΪѩӡ
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յǰһѵһ˿ﵹ֪Ҫ˵źˣĲ£ƺûٿѩһ˳ӲĿȣ̶һҹǺ
εس˳ǣһ·ϵŭ·Ҳɢ˲٣ֻڨڨõͦܵ
صС㽻£ūԻᾡľȥ
˵ţһεȴһ㣬˳ӣȴ˿Եñ΢ģĻȫ˻ȥ
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ӳվãԼСݻһžµϱ仯ˣһ˼һŭһֺ
ӳ̲סеɻ󣬴ŵСʵСǸū
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ͷ˵˵ŮŮ֮бӣһῪһʧ䣬һŭһЦ׹밮ӵı֡
Сӣ׹
ӦûһŷӦƳӳһۣǲ֪ʲôֻͷƣ̲ס˻ϻΣ
硭Ρ
δүӳĸ˵䲻ǣ룬ܿԼΪĿ֮ʣòΪˣ̳ݵλЩ⣬ū˵ļûĹӸ磬ʸǲС۹ǲġ
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ӳͷСͬūʲô鷳Ѳү˲ԸС֮һ
ûҶʣӳҪߣüһ̧ϽʳУֵ̧ȥ
ʳΪһģɲ¶ȥˣǹģǱ͸ˡ
ӳǲҵСģȻϺõĸ㣬Сʲôöλط˺үͷ²ͬ⣬պҲֲСġ
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͵ݣӳҲûʲôֻ˵С͵ģҴȥˡ
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뵽ԺǾ仰ǰ·ʳڷõʳԼʲôԤС
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žһ
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ʱǿƵȻӶһ·ܵ˲Աüͻͻֱ
һƻŮֱף


11 
ٽΧ֮գǰ¸Ͻֹ䣬һЩõϵĶ˳ѩ¸ҲҪһЩƷ
ᵽѩ뵽˸տѩڣл׳һ㣬һǸūҲһѽҽʲô㶼㲻˵ѩտͦõ𡣡
˵գһ֪㲻˼ұ˵ˣ󣬱Ƽˡд⡱ɫ
֪뽫˴ֲ˼ڡ
ɼûò˼̫ǰ棬˶ѡ
̤̲סÿ⿴һۣԣŴֲµͦΣֱխĮؿǰ棬ڵĶǰԳˡ
ԽԽòū̲ס૵˵˾Ǵģ
̧ۣ˳߳⿴һۣɲͷعͷ߲ƫһ
͵
˫ţԺﲻ뵽ǰյǷʳ
ǾΪ飬ܿƿߣʵʵվԡ
ὫһĻЦҾһʣ˱üȥˣ浱Ҳڰ
һ㶣ȻعҲ룬ݾʲôôüȥˣ˵˵
úÿ㶺ŪֻСԹһ䣬δϡ
УˣѲɽ˻Եöˣ
ʱʱŮӼС̸ŮĽЦԣʹ̸ݣȴܴģзֱ
ɤƫᣬǱ֮ˣȴƫ۵ϷżֽˮתһȪˮ֮УЦʱһֻǵǳǳУϴʱƳģϸƣۡ
ЩʡԼȻۣһ۱סˡ
ţͻȻθߵһУֵģūū
Ǵżֽͬü˵ʱɤֽʱβ˼֣ȫȴǻʲôǵǳһ㡣
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һϣڶһ·̸˵أѹ֪ͷ֮˻˵˿ϡ٣ڵ
ЩģòĵײţʲôҪһ㣬ûǻ
˼вԼԭ֣ࡣ
Ź˵ǸĸԺӽõףԸʴ࣬Ԣֱϣչ߷ɡ
ҲϲǸֵģȴ˻֡
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Ůӳ˼˻ǰһֻּĪҪ˵˵Ǽѹ͵ɤǶͨģ
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ǲ֪֪ͷü
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ôϽְЩ㶣Լϣй˼ڽֵϡ
һ㶣ܿյڣ𣬽ǽһһȵڣͬйؽϵĹŴйأǺǲ̫ˣֻ֪ÿڣϽֵϱŵƽʣ峿𣬵ֵ϶ַǷһףգתΪ˳лδɼҵŮ֮˹Ƚյϰס
ﵱʱҲų˵󣬱ӲŽԭһ˵ĳһͬǰȹڡ
ǼǵûʱձǸѾߣǳܵ˸Ų
ˣǱ²ɣ͵͵ģҲҪһգʱһһУСһɡ
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ٲųգش˿̳˳ԼˣӺū澵壬ڽֵŨɡ
˼ͷȴͷʲô֪ڣ
عŷԼ˵©죬ֻæܽ͵ⲻÿ궬ϣԱ֪ˡ
˵ͷﻹСֹţʱջھǰ
δ䣬һתͷȻڽͷһϤӰ۾һɣǲǳŮ˭


12 
ȥֻԶͦһ£ͬǰĽͬʽ·ֻվһСŮˣ߿òŴȻǸѾߣϵȵ˿´ȹŽ˿ϸߣϵİԶ֪Ǽֵ֮
ŮӲͬ˵ʱǰУǳյˡ
һû˵ԽĿŵˡ
Ǹоһ̲סӲӣʶԱ߿ȥϻŮӵĽȴȻӰ
ȵȡһæֹסһԻڱԹ̫ļ
һ䣬ķȥҲסˣɫֻңô죬գô⣿
˵ĻǴߣɿţҲ֪˵ʲô
ջߣǷʲôҲûһ㣬ﵭȻ߰ɣᣬȥǱ߹䡣
ỹУ㱻һߣʱͷͷ˼ۣܿԶӰûȺС
תֽǣ̲סʵǾôŮ˭ǰδ˵бŮˣѲͳǱŮ˸
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ʶʿˮҲӦڲ˵ʵڲס
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ץסˣúúýѵһ
ٶȼ죬Խˣͬ̾룬ܿҲ˦˺档
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һϸĴУ˱Ƕһ΢һ˲ӿ⣬˲䣬ֻץԼ첲΢΢һһƤĴδӦһ͵һ߿˶ϵС
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δ״£С͵ײǽڣǰǰһ˹ȥ
һתȻһƬʺѪһڣһ˵ĵˡ
Ƽƣ治ɫĵĮɫѹǱ˲ʹһһ㡣
СδܹʲôˣһССʹ὿εεüͷǰǰǴͷβ֪˶Ѫʹ񶼽˱õ
Ҳû뵽һ͵Сŵ»񣬹˲Ůѳֱץô죬Ҵظ򡣡
ߴ˫޹ǰץԼƵλã˵ץţȴǣס֡
˿գֱȴ̵Ǳһ㣬Ĵоֱ˼֮С
㶵ؿһ֣ͷһ֪Ůӵģ
ɫ̧ۣбӳӣĻзǸճ֮˵Ӱӣڵͫеӳŵģһˡ
΢һĨȣҲЩǵˣҪʼ֧ʹˣһŵӦС㣬ūı֡


13 
һ·æظæȥ˳Щҩɴ
ֱݣԺŻ񣬺֪ʶԼƺ̫ˡ
ֻ˿ڿѪֹ˿ڱѪסҲ֪˵˻ֻƤˡ
һСˣӦذɣСҲûסȻ˶ܵĻᶼûС
ΣԴһеūȷ̫ˡ
ʧ붨Ȼ˾Ų죬ֲ֪֮ǣԼҲ֪Ӧְɡ
һֻܲΣֲ֮ˣʹǸūҲӦñʾػûʲôֵġ
ͷԼ˵Ʋȥзӵ˼Ų̧ݡ
ŷ룬վ鿴ƣ˿ѱ򵥴ˣֹסѪ󣬿ǲ޴󰭵ӣֻǵӣǽͷһ
￴ֱֱͦıӰʹֻƤˣҲȴƤʹǴͷβҲûһüͷҲδһ£̵á
ĽŲתС㡣
һ˫Ŀתģ·𻹴żֹ̧ϡ
ﱻƵһţֲ֪Լڻʲôæɬڵңдú㿴
ﻰһ䣬һ£㻺عͷȥ
ĬıӰԼǷ̫ӲˣôΪ˰׷ǮܵˣǵǮѹҳݣ֪С˵˵ʲôҲҪǮˣ͵ˡ
ҵʱСǳģһµǰ񱻴˵ģˡ
죬Ŀٴ䵽ϣŻδϸƣʱƼȴϵ⵹ˣ󱳻мϾɵİ̺ۣɲ䣬ʹȴԴЩ̺ƳʱѪģء
Щδȫ˿Ҳ⻮һ¶ЩۼδܿȫòȻ֮ǰʱϴŵˡ
˵˼ձˣѹûȫ
ͷһֱ濴Щ˿ڣﲻǰץ˶޳У󱳿žѹûһõһ㣬вĬȻһ˲ֻԼһСֽˣĵЩΡ
һΣƿ̲סʵˣ
´룬òΪ˻Ҷܵˡ
㣬֪˿һ̬ԵˣĹūͣΪӣҲȻġ
ԣ¶˼˼
Ҫ˵ЩʲôȻڵҾЩۣ˵ˣ
ԶʱһδƼһɻģһѿڶơ
˵æߵȥѣҪ˿ڿøȫһЩ
һϢҲδ뵽ͻȻĿⱻ͸ϸľ΢΢£Ӷ΢΢ƿ죬¶һСƬѩ׵ļҲƮȹ¶ϸĽףһĨȻ¶˷ֺ͸ô
ˣĺһʱſڸ󱳵ƲôۣӵȴЩ궯
ϣġ
ĳ嶯ֻһ˲һ̶ֱӽסˡ
ʲô
ڻˣԼ֪ǰֱӵ·
̧ͷ֮ʱѾĿĿⴹأδδԼĿ⣬ֻΪʹ̣δע⵽çײ
ɿץѵֺεسȥɤӣ򣬸ʲôУҪʲô㾡ܿڣйǺҽ
˶ʶһۣӴһĨĿ⣬ʱһҪ˵Ļȫʻ˶æĿڴǣС㡣
ʱӳһС˰ҩˮ˽
ҩðȫ£ҲûӹӵģŵľٶЩ֣ĻлҲƹˣٽ˶룬ǱҲ˵ˡ
ȴ֪վýԶļǽͷӶС۵Сǽŵģô¡
Ϊ˻С˵ģС˼֡
ӳ½㲻˵ˣǱˣСıˡ
ţûǵۡ
ͷܿû죬ӳͷҩȴһߵǰڵһϢС㣬


14 
ӳ󣬵С˶С
һԼ˾㶵˭˲֪λԼСɰ˵ǾɰҲֻⳤһò»
˵ףϾǸūٺÿݵλҲѹȲϳģ񲻾ֻСʱǲСĵװģǳ
һ㶣Ҳû뵽ջã˿Ӧ⹲
漴һ룬ܿ׹ǱײˣŲˡ
ǰ۳βĵ¼ҵȨƺ͵λΪЩ⣬ˣҲҪƭ֡
ǲͬͬĵﲻϵڶΡ
һ˿⣬ͷԸ󣬿ҩɵ
һߣҲ̧ͷҲ˼֣ǻżֲ֮ɫ
ѽҩ򿪣ΪˣǱΪūҪһȣȻСǵλһ㣬ū˵Ҳֻʱģ㿪ڴһ˿˰ɣҩ
أԼƽĮ
һ㶣ɺ󱳡
µڿǸĮûа̻˸С
󱳵ˣͬС˵˾Ƥ˰ˣ˿ڲҲδҪ޴󰭣ҩɣӹӲò˼ձϣұˡ
ڴ˴ҲεģƳȻҪæҲͿڴȥҲ
ֿڵȵȡת˳еĸһ˲ſʵλǺҲ
Ѿһ뿪Уͣ²תصפؽϵĳڳǽʱСھʶˡ
һݣĿɨ򸻹󣬸һҲ֪Լľ仰˵ˣæ߶ֵ͡ͽʶˣ⣬Ǿ཭Զһ굽ͷС볣Ҳϼ档
ʵˣӲôĸҲἰʱԶ׼ĵ⡣
ܲе𣬸ģСǰó֮£˾֪ǸЩͷǰֻûһƲǳС⣬ֵõһūСѹǣ˵ү˵ִｭϣ˱Ҫ»ˣէ֪Щ
ֱϣָ棬ڸ˵󣬶סϵĶĬһ˲ȥɡ
ֻǰɫ̫ǽ˱һ䣬ͳɤʹûаֲȴԽ˾ǿơ
ڵתż׽͸ɫʶӣٴȥҪˣͷܿת˳Сݡ
ۣеĵĮ𽥸ЩͻްĦָһĨЦ֪ЦˣڼЦԼ
ĳ棬ˣǵϲġ
*
ǰǰĲӲ죬·Գòϲ
ҪǰֵöҲűˣȴɫȣǻ¶֮ᷳ
֮ˣСھո¶ͷǣԴĵһۣ㱻Ӣ䣬ˣմδӦϲΧתǶżƢղŻ˵䡣
㲻䲻ȵҲóնԼġ
ǰǱһŴȶŮĸס˫ۣɵһٻͷʱ֪ԼЩΪոжôֵá
Ļ£һ궨µģĸӾǵִｭϺ볣ձᶨ
ǲ볣ճףΪ¼ҵȨƣҲʹ˰ݣֱӶԳղܲˣǱֽ˼룬ӽȫС
ǰԺԶԶ㿴ԺվŵǵӰһɫۣɾ룬һ˿ķȥϰ˼ʿʣģġ
ﻺȥźۼ´˳һǵǰԼóճÿݷǷʱͬ˸̾Ӣӡ
ٿȴòˡ
ƫԴֶ۸нԵЩüŨܹӦȴԵüΪϳɣ촽ܺǽϸ֮롣
ʮͨĳ࣬ǧ֮һ꾿ôԻǡ
һ㶣Ȼˡ
ȷÿ֮ˣҲǾãȻһ֮ʡ
¶ֲڳŮҼİ֮˵ӣŷһ·ʱĵǡ
ֱǰϵɫȥ̧ȴֻһĮ䲻ȿڻ
һ㶣ٻΪ͹˹ϵܣʱǡո硱㻽ʹżҲһЦӯӯģһ㣬֮£һԵúˡ
˵ԵɣֻæƲȥĵ׵֣һ˿ЦԹԵ㻽ңǹˣŽһЩµˣһֱ˵뿴ϵڣⲻæ飬ѰˣڣҴȥϿ
ǰһ̻ңһ̱ʲôûһǰԼһͬڣǽձСײͬУնǲ˵Ҫͬһ𿴿ϵڡ
ңմ˿ƣȻǴ㲻ˣ˿̵ڽϿˣҧҲϣϾŸԶǴҴһֻۣҪϣôҲ޼¡
ǰȷ֣ڣ˰֣ذɣҽԵ£޿ȥڡ
ĮԱնʱϸֳ֮ɫ˽ڵ׼ǲԸҲ
ǣܾˣ
ĵ׿һ£̬ȹͬԼƢϾʱʱͻƢҲϲһ㣬ԡ
յҲ޶٣þǸͷˣٶҲûҪˣҪһᣬȻͺˡ
ţѾ˼Ǳ߻ȥúˣúͬİ֮˹գȫˡ
δԷֺϷȫף̧ˣȡһɫСеݸȻ£Ҳϧλᣬ͸㣬´εУٴϽתת
ԣƳ۳еĺӣδȥӣһ˲΢ͷԵӳ£
˻һնʱЩˡ
ﵱȻ֪ڻʲôɫüۼ䵹Ⱦ˼Ц⡣
ǰ͵Ķʤ˵ѹͲϧ˹ƷһЩʳǱӵ͵öˣҲżΪ˰һЩ
صЩﶼԼ湻ɵģ
Ҳץ˼֪ﶨϲ£Ȼһ˻طĴôҲû뵽ﾹҪڴ˵ڴ򿪡
ԡ
ûӺúŪǼֶͳ֣Ҫδš
ӳӦͬʱʶ㽫ջ˼֣æűǣطٴ򿪿
ЦطΪҪطѵҪôҶ˵գЦȥ÷ӳ£򿪡
ǣ㡭ĵ׸ˣδӦ֮ߣӳһ֣ӱ㱻ˡ
ȻֹΧҲʱ
ֻƾµСںһʯͷҲ䣬ֻһ飬·洦ɼʯͷ
ô£˿ʯͷС㣿
С賣ģƷֻһʯͷС㣿
ⳣĪǼʲôЩѰɣ
ѣôʯͷҲ̫ǻ˰ɡ
һʱ䣬˾Χվŵ˶̲סմˣҲסˣ¸Ļųָָ㣬ȴϡ˶С
նʱһһ׵ģŵû룬һݶ͹ﻹòУͿʯͷΣ϶ⶨʲô⺬壬ֻܹҪܻϲ뵽Ŀ֮½ֻ֪˿ʯͷ
ٽʯͷк⺬޷Ūȥˣüͷһ壬ŵķңԽҲסܻŭôǣȥøǿϵȵʯ˿ʯͷʯأ
˻֣̿ʯҲѹδԸҪ׼ʲôʯ
˸ŭԣΡΡͷϴġ
յĵٲȻһ˿Ц־磬ӲͷƤعͷ͵˵˴ұ׼һϵʯ⹷ūžȻ任ʯͷĪҪϣ˻ȥȡֻһʯͷأ˵ǰɣ
üһ̧ЦЦؿųգ䲻ڽӻŶҪʯضǿϵȽʯұлˡ
⻰˵ãնʱɫѿˣֻǻ֮µ֮ʣӣᵱҪƷѣһ˵ﻢˡ
Ϊѵؿɻ˵ڣҲ˿ûҪ˼һ˲ֻӲͷƤǡȻؿ
¸˵һʯ洦ɼڳ˵ǿɲǸСĿ
ЦˣҲ˼֣ӳ£Ϳ͡


15 
յ̬ȣֱӳ¹Ŀ࿴
˲֪ʱһЩ۵СŪӳȴ֪ģСеˣܻȻǺõģֱƼƲϵ⣬ٿС㵱ʱһֿӣ֪ˡ
ΣȻгյڳ˱
ӳһ·صУ̲סʵС㣬ճѰǲ̫ӭӣ
϶һ£̧۷ʵΪҪӭ
ӳͷܿ𣺡С㣬ųѰ˵ȥҪʲôʱ򳣽Ҳһ¸ͺˡ
عȥӵһȡ˳һӣЩóȥ˰ɣԺ󲻻ȥѰ¸žķ
ӳ¿һۣܿϳ䶫ʲô㵵ⲻǳ͸С𣿡СǰЩˣһЩͭС⣬ȴҲȴһҲûˡ
˰ֵʱͬգ㲻ˣ˰ɡ
ӳһ¶ʱ뵽λĪϲūɣڳʱ˻ڲ²ţСգڿѹô£Сģѽ
˵Ļүͷ֪Сͬд˵£үͷ˻ǽݿô죬СӣòҪ˽ɣ˽ҪҪҲһߣ
ﻹ֪ԸŮԺе뷨ƫȫûˣֻ̧ۼһɫӵӣҲֻԼͻı仯ˡ
ЦЦ͵ǰȥҲҵЦˣҵȻ˻Ὣϧģ𣿡
ӳͷʱȻˣɲͰС㵱һֻҪСǰһ˫۾ֱճСϣ۵׵ɫֱ׵ý˿˶ӣΪ˻С㣬δˣ˺ޱİ⣬ѹСġ
Ҫģûرÿȳÿ֪ٱ
һ룬ӳæ̧ӣС㣬ūˣūͰЩȫȥˣ
˵գӳ±תȥͽؿıӰɻ󣬷ӳ»һ벻׵ӣͻȻʲô˵ӡ
ʲôѽ
*
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С㲻ٳӳͷҲǷһʯһ㣬һ·Ų쳯ȥ
δطԸĸ󣬸ˣǰʺӳ½㣬õʲôСİɡ
СߵѾߣϵ˶Ҫؼ֡
Ӳӳ»ֽ̧ӵݸ˸һ̲סСͨˣⲻǰ͵Ķˡ
һҲ죺СǴ㡭
δǲԺУָͷյķš
ӳ˵ͷоݵȷݵ΢ЩС㱾ҲȱʲôȱıĴ֮ˣҵãͦʵġ
ӳ½ô˵С㵱Ƕ˼ˣ
䣬Сݵķźһ죬Ŵ汻һ㶣ͷǰɫ΢վǣȻŵĻˡ
ͣһ˲۵׵ľתΪۣβŷӦæӴǰȥЦǺ
Ĭ˸һۡ
ʣδϹ
*
Щ϶˯òãμֵĶ԰ܻС˯һᡣ
ӳ°ѶߺԸҲ˴һմ˯˹ȥ
٣ҲȫȻΣʶԼһκЩΣҲЩϰΪˣʹб鲻㣬ĵȴȻصȴŽǴɫһƬĳ
ɵһ˲ȴδмЩ棬ֻѩȴһƬůͣͬĸΧǰ̸Ļ£ԼЦɬ۵ȴҸ
һȷⲻǰҪ޸ʱľҪͬ˭ס
ٿĸģڹмӣЩ׷ĸ۽ҲЩƣѲԭ򣬲ɽ£ĸҲܸıȥˣ
һϲõĽ֡
ɺܿ죬һתѩУһĽӡһֱӵԶƼѩйһϤӰֱſԼ
ڸĸķǰһźѪɫ־
ô£
ѾþˣĸҲӹһ١
ǰĸ龰ҲȫͬΪʲôǻȥ
ڻ죬ǰսе£Ǻս£˭˭ս
ʶպ֮ᷢ£䲻֪Ϊλᷢǰûеս£ǿͷĻңϸǰľ
һ˲ﾹս״սɱһ·ۣԡѪսһ·ǰɱȥ
һת֮мϤͷ˼Ƭ̣Ȼϳ˾ʮӣǰۼݱǰΪ̫ӣֻǲ֪˳ǻΪ֮Ѿȥˡ
ʮӷսǿΪУΪС
Ѳ췴
嵽ʮǰ˵ɱһȻԷѵҵĽܿڽڰҪ֮ʣӹɨȥֱָʮӾû˿ԥе
ѪʮǱڵϷ˺üȦʹţȥʤѷ֣Ѫǹͷָʮ΢ӣ۵Ǿ
ɸģȴǲţȻҧгݵ࣬ͬΪνұ·

ɫδ䣬ȴоȻ٣ʲôˣ
˯νѣģ䣬￴Ӹʮӣɫ۵׵ĺ˵ü޷ֱӣǵϤȴֱİɤҶ³
ǰһƬɺסۣѪǰʮӾֵصɴۣͷδȥһŴѪͷ˹䡣
ȻѣҰɫڴŴ½亹ʪҵ鷢մ࣬۵׻ɢȥŵľ㤾
δֺĴһ󼱴ٵĽŲǰżӳ»ŵС㣬ݳˣ


16 
ȴǻҹѹֵܲϿգ򲻼ѣѹĿڿ촭һ㡣
ԺһɫӰ첽ﳯһ·Сܶȥǻ죬üͻͻֱδʩŻԵЩûѪɫ
ǻŵġ
еġ췴ʮӵͷ­պ֮ᷢ£ĸźٴɥҪ֮˭
һʣȴһʵˮ棬ɲʲôǹĹӣǵӣ
ȫԤ룬ԭ֪պλӸλ˸߹ݣлΪūԼᱻǰ۸ˡ
ΪūǶôƵ£һݺʵ
һ뵽Լ޿ĵĲ״µĲˣȹڱԹ紵󣬷˿ҲϾ˼
ӳ´Ϣͬ˴ˡ
˵ǴˣɵϵʱȴһԺ룬ΧΧڶˣվǰģǸϵūͷӣһ۰һֵƤޣԺʱһشϡ
žһ
ֻǸͦӰ˿ȴʱ޵Ѫޱ鿴ūͷӣ˫һߣ۵׵ɫ˵ɫͫտųĹ⣬·һ˲ͻǰšԷĲӡ
һūͷŭһһȥӲ̧־ʹһޡ
ס֣һȣ²Χ۵ˣȹھͳȥ
ŷСٴ˴ɫһţæɢ
Ƥ޵ūͷһ㶣ֻܿعһ˿ɽһ㣬æǰС㣬ôˣ⹷ūţ·ϣİȮСѵأ
һֻͷŭūͷһ°θ˺üȣʲô·ϣ˭׼ѵˣ
·ϣ˭˭°
ôˣظ΢΢ţһתŽЩ޺˿̾Ⱦ˴룬⾿ǰ˼ӣ˵ãͲ֪
ͷ֪ݣֲ²ԼպҹҹԵɣż˱ŭɶūͷᵽ·ϺͰȮҲǺһ㣬һ˵ʲôҲҪӡ
ⷬٶˣ˱һζ
΢΢ҵķ٣΢ĽģȻһ·ģ꣬ȻǽصúܣūͷӽտҪˡ
ūͷҲû뵽Լ״˳ȴѹ⣬ƤЩ֪룬֧һָϽ͵С㣬СĽ·ݱѩԺŻ£һƣհѩնɶˣܲˣȻûСİȮϣ˵ʹʲôϷ˰ѩСıϸϸʣ֪˿ϣڳ·ϣⲻ飡
һ˲ūͷ˵õҲûʲô⣬ǻͼӴһԵõĴˡ
ʵеƼọ̈̄հѩȷ״̬ѣ֪ΪԵɣūͷʱʰŰѩµۻ࣬ģҲǾľˣʵڲūͷ˵Ĳܲʡ
ūͷӿڱһͱ˵ģƱҪݺʰһ٣һֱĬ͸ʲô·ϵˡ
ֻЩ˿Ȼ˻ǰȥ͡
ԣͷķڵͫû˿ֻǾѾȻһһ㡣
һۣͷȻһ£ʮͷ­һĻȴӸվʮǰΪĻ
Ĭһ˲һǰһѶūͷеƤޣǰūͷŭǺǰԻ˲̽˭ĵδ˶ֵģһڸֳ󶯾¸Ҫûصˡ
˵գֲͷԸˣؽ񷿣ûҵķԸҽѩ
һ٣̧ۿϸļ米˿ӣȴȻܸоŭ
ζŭ
ԩˣ
вˣ֪Ǳԩġ
ԭƽ©һģ漴Щ˽ࡣ
׵İӿڴ˿̷һ˲ްͫҪӿʲô˼ôֱضֱתͷʱ˫ȴײ˸š
һϣ˿ޱЩûףⷬΪɻ⣬ɱ¸һʣպٱ䱾źá
һ˲δüҪ˵ЩʲôĴͷǰ鷢ȥǼԵڵͳƽȣūлСΡ
һ΢˿һ֣ŷƳļ粿Ѫӿ˵ĺ󱳴˿̶һƬѪģ
ü΢ʶƳΧվŵĺЩˣĿŵƫ̻һūʵڲףû취֪ݲһ㣬˵ū衣
һ뵽պҹҹǶʱµĳ𣬶˶ջӲͷƤĿ³ȥԺУӳ£򡣡


17 
һߣվԭЩãȻ
СΪһ佫Ժп򣬿ݿý˻ȥԸԺӣܲ롣
ڵ߻̧ǵɫӰ뿪ݣߵģǼġ
˰ɣҾ˵СǶˡ
˵С˳͵Ķһţˡ
ҪǹүˣҪҪȥͽͽ᣿
˼пմ㣬С㻹Ҫ˻Ժء
һĨϢĶ˵ͳͳУɣȴҲɡ
δ˴ƫ̻ΡĿŵδй
ԼĹڮ١á׵ԩƺǼҳ㷹ЩЩֶѹҲмȥѰһ࣬Ͼ˻ĸ˻ں
ԽˣЩ˼ңӳǰʾϽϣסӳ뿪ķȥ
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ֻУ˿ֻ̻ǸūصԺУЩˡ
Դ˶ǻò죬޷Եɽͳǽ˵ˡ
£̧ۿһɫȻǷѹû޴Ϻʹһ㣬ҲδԺже
ˣ˼ãֻҪδЩδ֮Ӧǻлıġ
ߵǰС㡣
΢΢üͷϿЩ˿̵ӲǸûһ㣬һȻ
ѻţҲ֪Īǲֻֻ̧֪ۣӳµڸʡ
ӳǲҵʣ˳һѪȥǻὫŪ࣬ӷ󣬾۵¶Щ⣬ȫȻǷŪࡣ
棬Сȫͬġ
۵ӣվţū࣬վűá
ţһӰˡ
˵꣬ЩţԼǲ̫ǿӲЩ
ʶƳֻǳһ˲˳ӵȥ˿
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˵꣬ǾûԼֲһ䣺ǰһֱѩչ˵üãѩ㣬Ҳ㣬һһ˲װġ
ԵĻûȥڶϵĽǾ䡰㡱
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Ŀܴÿ˶ģһ˰
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æλã͵ˣֻյĵҲѿˣʲôҩȥ׼
һЩõҩæԸȥȡһͷüӼ󱳵ѣʱ¶Ѫܵı޺ۡ
һʱǴ㼸£֪㰡
ͷȥֻһǾŽŵģǽһĶˡ
ȷĶˣǧ֮ϸڳĻܵȥҪûˣͲøˣֻ¼ϡ
Ĭǲ֪Ƥܽţ͵
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ͷһ·첽ߵӰߴӳµСͷȥˣ

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Īǵ棬һԸⰮ֮ˡ


18 
һ磬¸ΪŽһæµѣūԱʣսӴ˰ѩҲûѡ
һ⹷ڴ˵ģǲɳֲ½Сԩ˴򣬸Ҫϲ顣
ԭ˶ԼǧСһū֮»лɣһʮʮ٣Ϣܻʵ룬ɽһ˶ԴǣСϢҲʵ
˼ʣٿֿݷǷӣֻ磬СʲôҲȱвȨƣֻҪһˣʹֻǸūֻүҲǻͷӦġ
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ȥ˼Ļ£вأߣѾȲˡ
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ղԸ˼Լȴһǣʱ飬Ȼ֪ԼǮʯίˣæǰסļһ֪ЩΪǵԺֻͬǷ곡Ϸˡ
΢΢һ˲ȴҲֻܻӭս§ס󣬱˳˳ؿͷۿЩӣδᣬȴʣǻҪ͵͵ʱ
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ܵգţţء
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19 
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һ˼ѩɿɰ̲סЩСʳǰȥݣ붺ŪѩһСʳʳãԺûãѩ㳦θкŻǸˣˮδ飬æˣΨ𵣵Լϡ
ѩ״̬ԣūͷӣʾҽǰ
ūͷ翴˳ˣü꣬һӵͼū쵽˸ͷλãûãСƫ̻ҪϹү˴мַߺޣᣬȻŹ
˳ϰѩζūͷӱȫϣǸ˵˶ȺҲ֨ײһĻ
±ﳹһףǸ˱Ϊū䵽ūͷ¶˲׳ūʮۡ
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ʵմһȵգʱµӡǣæŲ̽ѩһջδüȥ
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ŻЩ£ȴԵñ콵ϲͷһ㲻ţӳһѵȻҲĪҪΣĶԴС㣬ҵһŹ㣡
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20 
Ѱ֮ʱЩ졣
ΪԳյӣ˱˵ʲôҲûȥЩӣᵽʯǸûջᱸˡ
ɴ˿ն׮ȴڱصõģǰһȥгղѴ֮¼ҵ֧˳ϽܱλãóԸ
ӳǰ󣬼ûʲôӦС㣬Ҫ볣ȥ
ŻعȻһЦأ
ţĸִｭϺ󣬳ٲĸĸɾ鷳ˣ罫䳹׸·»ţʵڲڳ˷ѹʱ䡣
ʱѾͷβĿϣ໨Щ˼ôŸαĴȣ̫ԣҲ̫ԣ¿ɽ͸Խ
ûãԺ죬ǲóսԺȾ˻һ߳УԺǰ볣նϣ䲻˿ڣ
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üĿȻԳտװ˿Ϊпɡ
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ӳӦǰ벽ֽд򿪣һɫͨ͸ʯչɫʣһ±һΧվŵǵߡ
һɫŻЩܸסˡ
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Ůӵļٴ


21 
ǰ׻һƬʱɫһ䣬Ȼɴۡ
ȻܰȿֺشǻŮӹеȫ˲С
Żˣ˲ˤڵصʹô⣡˭׼ģȥ
ϣҪϽϵڵԼһжһİʹϮ
عæתδ߳벽ִյվסΡϵ·ҵݹ
ڳһ˲ŻתͷһۿһԵĹϵõ
߹ȥִ̽˿ʱ۵װӿȹҪ˵һ㡣
δƬƵŮӽ֮ң·΢΢ͷ뽫һƳĹ⾰ԺлɢȥɺͷǸɬ̲ס¹һԽǲȥ룬Խһİǿҵĳ嶯ĵ׿ӵѪҺ֮УѪҺڶ
Ƭ̣齾ڼԶȴٳδ·ӣﻹи˵ˣһͻҵ˽̲࣬סڴߴٵûڹϣ
Ůżֲɤֻּţβ˵ֽûľ˼̶ֻ֣ܱ˫Ϣ΢΢ĺһ΢̵Ϣۣ˫ָֻĳ
С㣬ū·ˡ磬̽ȥ
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꣬һǿγѪ̲˫գҲû˷ŵĺ⣬Ψл͵ȣҪ̧ͷ
ˣԼѹվˣֻиʹˡ
ôһ͸ϵˣֻܸϽ·ϣϸðСҡҽˣһѡ
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վɣһ죬δü˵ǰߴİСľӴйһ죬˫ȣһѽ˺ᱧ
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22 
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ʲô־ԼͬһѾ߽ô࣬ͺ˵һ㡣
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ҪһͬȥΧԣ
˵ͷҾЩ֣æ֪㣬⼸տͬʲôܾղãΪΧԶġ
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23 
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òʣĮưȴ˿᲻
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ʱϷȣæƿ񣬿ڸضһԵĲˮͺһڣЩǺš
⸱ٶȫ۵ףζضֱϢƿۣ·𷽲ŲδȥעС顣
һ£ﶼôˣʲôһֱƵģվЩƮͬһͬǰȥΧԣЩϢ
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ӳ¸ҡҡͷ֣ǽۡ
Ĭ뽫ƿȴôҲƲߣ첻ɻȭãΪζԺӣ췱ǣֱ̫

һҹδɵˣﲻ⣬̴ֻһ
ǰŮ촽΢Ʈо΢紵
վһ˲عС㡣
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24 
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ΧԵĵصڽϳǽʮһɽϣԼĪʱ̫ϿգŻͣ
ո˻
ͷһһϮĺɫЦеس֡
ᣬﾪϲĿ첽˹ȥƯķЩĽ·ÿɫܳ㣬֪㣬ҲӦһɫ޵·Ŷԡ
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䣬ͣѻߵվš
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ɫһЩɫװ㣬ͬķ໥Ӧһ㡣
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գգۣû̫˻˼ߵȺȥԶԶվŵǸīɫ·ӱķ
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25 
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޵˵Ҳû˵ֻܲסҡͷקˡ
Ϊ£бģһʱ벻
ΪҪȥģԭ˿̹Ϊܽƺã֣ѱסʧر¡

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оԼľҲ
֮ˣΪ޺ۣľ룬̫ңԶҪߡ
þȫ֦֮ǰþȫԼȥһĻ￴ֹͣˣ͵ײͱڣ䵽һǿƽ̨ϡ
ѪͱȾ죬ʹۣû˶Ũڵһߣܿ·ԶһɫӰ
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УߣԼ·ˣ͸ûĿܡ
һбİ취
ص±ߣ䵽ͱϵϡ
ֳôקҲֻǽ𣬲δѡ
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֮ˣ෴ľ֮Ǵ졣
Ϊŵȥģ⣬ǾһǰԼǲ±ߣɽ±߽ȻصģΡ
ҧҧһᣬæж
˸ᣬһͷ˩ڴ׳ϣһͷ˩Լϡ
䴫ʹУ˩ţۣǵקʹܡ
С¿һۣίͺµˮٴڲ޵ʱǿԽԽΣյġ
Լһٴڣֲ̧ᣬץͱ͹ʯͷʼһȥ
˶ݵĻԣʶģ壬Ժ侹һɫӰΡΡ¶ԼǰŴ
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ȥʯͷ˲䣬һ
ʹһͷΣ˵أˤһۣһ˲һֻӲֱ۾͵סȥʱˤ
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26 
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˭֪һ, ׹˻ԲѵϢ㴫ǶС
ȵ޻𼱻Ǹϵϡ
Ĵ齱, ŭ
޺޵شĶͷһӡ, ǲǸ߹㲻ȥЩΣյ, 㶼ˣǲڣȥΧԣ
ƲƲ죬ԼĶͷһ, ֹⲻѾû𡭡
ϼֱɸ֣ʲôûˣͷϵˣĪͷϴŰ̼޵ȥɣ
һʱɫæӴϲ, Ҳˡ
⻰һڳһ˲Ͼؿ, û˵
һȥѹû⻰һ㽫ת˻ȥҿ˵, ͻȻ, Щȥ, ֪֪ôϢʱ, ˶챻ιȥˣ
ĵ׽ɻһ˲ͻȻ֪ĸԼ޳ҲƵģɺܿ죬ͷʼϲѵѹûȥ룬ֻôͷһûһظš
̫δҲ¼ҷ򸾾ŲѣҲͷһĸ׵߶ֱʵö䶼ˣæ̬һŴǸף֪ˣԺ󲻻ȥЩΣ֮ˣҰɣ𣿡
һҲ֪Լһֱ˵žûͣҲ֪ȥ˼䣬ֹס˻ҡҡͷû취ЪϢɣҾȳȥˡ
Ժгϲδطһ·ݶȥ
⣬һǰɫȥȴֲҶֺ
ŽŲŻᶯ˲ӣһ̧ȴϳǰ¸ˡ
ү˽յۡûüЪء
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ϸߵ洫͢ԪŭһæǰŶ룺ү
°ɤΪݻƼ˹ڵϱ͢Ԫ𷣵ӣ֪һȴǺضǰ
̧ۿˣǺܿ۽΢һ˲Ķǣ˺󱳵ƣɫԳȣδ¶ֺ
͢ԪĿϣ֮ʱ½һ΢ɫȻҲ͢ԪС
᲻֪˿ǿʹֻ͢ԪУ˼־̾ջ񣬲ŵˣôˣ
ϲ֪͢Ԫͬʲôɻؿһˣǰº󣬲ǽ˸
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ϺȻͨʲôüͷһ壬вʳʲôˣ
˵ūžԼŮˣûܽݣ͢Ԫǰʻ˺ö˶˵ľվ⣬һȻôˡ
͢ԪһʼɫԳУС⣬ӦǱҩ
ͷΪԼԦ󣬱鿴һСԵ״̬°ĭ͹ȻǱҩڴ͢Ԫ
һв˭Ϊ
͢Ԫû𣬷վƽϵɫϲŭȴҲǿ󣺡ʵ⣬ƺתһҪ㡣
һֿ˻Ҫκת˴ɫЩ԰ףɫЩ⡭
һ£ע⵽޽ĺ飬Լ½¶Щɫ˺ۡ
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Ҫ㻻ˣ۵öˣܻһ˵ͽôԶֲŹȥû죬ֱ
ʶ˿ڿˮǣү
صݺϱһ·ɻ󣬴˶˳ȥ̲סʵү¿üĿˣ˹ҩݺʲôţǿɵöţĪҪΣˡ
͢Ԫ˰ʾң˿ڲ䲻ʵ˾ãô
һ㶣ͷŮİΣ͢ԪȴûͷûǸūüͷһ壬һū
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У﷢ԼУ΢ĵ˹
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ĳɫԾɺ£Ʋ⣬Ѳɽյξǽ£
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һᣬͷײڳϣ۵ϡһüôģ
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һ㶣ʹУҲæ֧ӽƿһЩȥȻѹѹһƬɽڱƽ
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֣Ҳûа취İ취
ȻСǽմǮƷ֮ʣΪ׵ɽȴһӣƬ̷ӦĻᣬС˵ͷ­
Ѫ䣬ΧѾ߾Ҳŵþһ
ܿ侲ΣŲãоܶ˽һЩùεշ
˼תɨһɽˣȴɽȺУü˲ɽˣ룬ݸɾȻǻ켣ɽȺеġ
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⽣ӰǰеĻܿѲڣڽڰ
룬ֻһٰɽ˵ֱԼۼֿ죬׼˻ᣬһС
УоʹȴһĿ־ڴ˿ٴθͷ
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ҽУ͵شӴУЪϢӳæ첽˽
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޵滨꣬б;ŵӳ¸ŵò壬޴վһԣͱס½ʵģ
ƺʶķӦ࣬ĵ׵Ļұŵһû˽ģֹסµԺȴϸӡ
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δ˵꣬޵øˣҪܵʹһԷйһ㡣
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جѲһˣʱÿҹÿεԼǰӣҲ޵ûܻ뵽ʶҪһ仰˵Ҫ
һȣҲ֪Լ⾿ôˣæƲȥЩ˼Щǵسķһۡ
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ʲô
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һӰ뷿УǰѸٳǰͶȣС㣬ҡ
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27 
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ҹԺȻһӰʱϢ㴫͢ԪС
һҪҹ˽͢ԪʱʢŭֱǺ֣
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ۿץԼ۰ϵ˫۵֣ʹڶϲ̫¶ƫߵŵܷǳĸоõҵжۣж˫ֲڵ˵ȫȻͬ
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͢ԪһҲӣֻô򶨻ôˣ
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͢Ԫüٴοһڣܽ˲֮漴ûҵջ񣬿żɽΪˣ˻㣿
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͢ԪһǲߣҲԴ˻תǾʮ
Ե͵صɴۣŻʮ¾ͱʮˣǶʮʮѰ˶ܲסķ˵ܵסǰǰټ죺УԴ
͢ԪüŮʣǾ
ɫһ䣬ûü˵Ҳ;ܾ²ߣʮ²ߡ
ﲻŵתͷԼԼǼ۵ģĪǷˣ㲻Ҫˣ
͢ԪȴǹһЦ̧ãϳȥʮ
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⻰һסˣסˣ͢ԪҲ΢һ˲
ﻰҲЩΣʮȣܲ鼱֮²˵˿ڣҪȥô죬ʱµòС
۰Ͱ͵ؿŸףƲƲЩίǰɣòá
͢Ԫ˵ʲô⻰Ūöʱһϯɤۡ
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ʲôԧ
ɢС޵һ㣡
͢Ԫصس˿ɫСӾԼŮʲôԻҩֱд
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ﱻ, вԼ
˭뵽ԼϾҪ׺ŪˣһҪϳȥ̳ס˳
Ҳ֪ﵽô, ǰ۸ԼЩʱ¸Ϊū, 뿪¸˵ӦǺ°ڱտڶǲߡ
ûеԵ, ֮ǰڸǰֱ׳žž, ֻίͰӦͷ
ڶŴºУŮһ, ʧЦ, ֪Լ취ͷϴٹ㼸ա
һȥȻ׵˼, ֲǷˣһȷʵò׵ûʲô֮£
ҹУ⻹񣿡û͢ԪʵӵĲҲû, ңΪ㴲ϣ
Ҳ͢ԪǰģϾǴϣʲô¹, ׻ʲôĵط˵п֮½˲˹ȥ, ˸òᵱʲô֮¡
ǡǲǵġ, ֧֧ʲô, ˵Ȼ, ֻûСŮıƼͲ㽫˲ص˴ϡ
˵˵ȥԼӷȽҲԼΪجԼÿξУڣΨյûڡ
¡
˼ˣЩأξǺʱ£˭Ҫɱ
ͷ֪룬ƳŮ⸱̲סʣôˣڵǸ
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εЦЦ⻹Լ˼ңӹסˣûסġ
ἰɫʵΪ˵Ǹô£
ﲻԣգգۣаʲôô£Ϊʣ
ǾԼŮ浥Ů֮£˵ΪǼˣֻ͢ԪͬŮЩ£ǵϸϸС
ֻ˸ʽʣãΣ
ˣƣĸ
ܿ뵽ǸĸʻģûãвͻẦǱϳȥǱӣæòӢ˳ۣҲ棡
ȻѾͷһ㲻
ĥԼǷ޵ûõҲǸˣ㲻Žϳˣֲˣֽý书ǿϸĹλŮŮİΣײڵҺ࣬ȻŮ֪Ҫ
˺ˡû뵽ԼŮģæڰִǽ˵ȥⶼ콫˿䵽ȥˡ
Сؿϣ֪ԼⷬΪĸûˣţһ˵ӦܽһºŪȥ˰ɡ
ֻ֪ûŪȥϻݽԭⲻ͢Ԫ͢ԪúӶˣ͵һǻƣСôã˵˵ʱСǿǿˣ
ЦЦ˵͢ԪʱҲǸëͷСӳȨƣûλûɽģСЩ񣬲۱ģƺҪʤһǣ⻰Ҳûҵ͢Ԫ
ϵû͢Ԫգĸ￴ŮǱ˿ģݵ΢Щ㲻֮£͢Ԫϵ֪ʼĩ󵹾ãСӶԼŮӦҲһ㲻ѣǸ
Уݲ׵ģҵȥ͢Ԫ˵գˣһҪ׶졣
֪͢Ԫ˳Ӧ˵ĸҲϣŮˣ޸˭ҲһѴ֮ǰͷҲĥӲݺЩ꣬͢Ԫ˿ڡ
˼գϵǵؿ͢Ԫ͢ԪƺҲͬ뵽˴ˣͷˣ֪ʲôҲ֣Ůͳ֮ʲô⣬Щɡ
˵ף͢Ԫͷò˵ԼһҪȢԼŮŮͷҲؾͻˣһµģϸĵʵѽܣҪ˵Լֵƺþˡ
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ѲǼйأ

мתͷϢڴ͢Ԫִ˽ϣһ½ŭϲ鵱ʧһ¡
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ˣջ᲻
ȥʣҰѴ¸߳գһſ͢ԪϽܱλãΪȥ͢Ԫԡ
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Ĵ
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û֤ݣܲܿտƾֱӵУ취üԼ¶
߳Ψһİ취µǣŰ
ţĻᡣ
⵹˸⡣
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ʱڵ㣬ͳտҪ̸ۼ֮ʣ䲻ټ޳ˣóһҲǸ취
ҲӦ߽ˣûǷ˼׺˼룬ǽȥ˲Ҫ鷳Ǳòʧˡ
ⲻ֪͢ԪͷƣѾ˼˺һͨˣŮҲס֪ĵ׵ʲôˡ
кò׽˸׶͢ԪˣŮĺ룬Ϊϸˡ
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͢Ԫ׿ϣһֿ˻ǵǰӵסףҾ֪ˣȥѰȥˣ֮ǰָظ
䣬ǰĽŲͻȻסһȴ̶졣
һ㶣ͷȥֻ͢Ԫ鷿ǰһվǡ
͢ԪҲ￩һ⻹ǲˡ
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29 
￴ĵһӦ, ڴˡ
漴һţòǻû·ƪ, Ҫͷɣ
ʶ͢Ԫ, ȴ͢ԪҲڿѰζ, ƺſδµ, Ҳƺڵһ̬ȡ
ʲô̬ȡ
в֮϶Ϊ֮ʲôè塣
ǲ, æվֱ, ûƼǰվŵһ㣬һ͢ԪǻҪ죬ұ㲻ŵˡ
˵, ︣˸תߡ
͢ԪζؿȥıӰֱߵǰ
죬һС㻹δڣѾ첽ȥˡ
鷿߳Զ, ΢΢˿ģӦɣͽͨӺͻĹϵ, յҹǸˣ㿴, ӦΪˡ
鷿ڡ
޵ĵѹվ͢ԪǰΧ, ΢ͷ, ǹȴ͢Ԫָʾ, ƺѲˡ
ҪȥǷѾ˶ϵȥʲô
µȭ΢΢۵ɫһƬ˫һߣٲȻһıģ
͢Ԫ½һƬ̲Żڵ֪ҽʲô𣿡
̧ͷ˿ܻ͢Ԫ߶ϣֱԵ̲ҵĵϸ
͢Ԫһ㶣ȷ˼û뵽ֱ׵˳ɫɶһЦ˸ƼǲὫݲ֮ڸϣ˴Ůߣ˵˵ɣݡ
͢Ԫǰǰȥ̽һ鵽ģ֪ͬĲ޶ٲ𣬴Ӷ޳һ·ת˽ϣձ¡
ڶ޳֮ǰȴǲ޴ˡ
ֻʲòӢŲǸūȴҲԵ˼ϾѾǸūˣǼҵĹ幫ӣǽһźõƤ࣬ȴûǸ
͢Ԫ˫۾ţһ鲻ȴų˵֮ˣжǲʲôΪ֪顣
ȻҲ֪͢ԪὫʣȽ̽һ
ΧɨһȦ͢ԪܿһӣǶ°ɡ
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ͷҲȷȷʵʵȥһ˳
յ֪ѰǰЩһɨգֻﵽŲ͢ԪҲ˽ϣָͬ˻µġ
Ӵһ֪ǲ䲻ȵ̬ȣȻΪ˻£һԣ㽫ƾͼ볣յСԱҩһ¡
Ȼǲ֪£ԭֵһƻֻһӢ۾Ļᣬɼƻδʵʩͷ⡣
յķӦǲ֪µӣһԻŵýˮ˵ļǲˡ
ȷ˴Ѳ˸ϵڳһ󣬱˰жżظˡ
ջصϣûиһͬǰȥӳ»ŻС㣬ˡ
ôˣ»Żŵģ
ӳµǵسݵķһۣ漴ŵЩСʱүȥ鷿ʻ
֪ɲøײˣüʾӳ¼˭֪ûãү㽫˶ǲ˳ڴ˽һʱҲ֪Щʲôֻǵ鷿ʱūƼһˣʲôίһ㣡
һɫ΢䣬æתҪȥϻˣᵱ滹ڼƽֽ֮ͷһɡ
첽˼²ֺĶסУǽ֪ȥݣҪˡ
˼ˣüͷһ壺ҵģ
ϡүںԺͻ
㶼ͷ˻ͻ
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ﴳԺʼһûͣ
֮͢ԪƮƮ¾仰ϲǻ
šﷴӦҲô˰룬ŵʲô߰ģܣ
˵꣬ҡͷֻĵһ飬Ҳ֪Ǳ͢ԪǿһеǱģûͷûԵģҪ⡣
͢Ԫ˵㼱ҴҵҵҴһˣֺ˽ţ
棡ˣ
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͢ԪջĿ⣬ǴЦǶԼŮ⸱Ϊ˵ӸеȤһϵĲˮ˿ڣһ˶ѣαôģȷйȣǱЩɣҹС뷿ۺԭ򣬶ǴǸ÷ֲǵȲˣвִһеġ
ԣɴۣ
һ촭ˣգͰ˴
в
ʲôΣշ԰
¼ԺҪҪˣǱͷ¼壬𱨣Щ½Բܷˣֻǰı˸ӱˡ
Ľĵ׵Ļش𣬰κ͢ԪƵ˵û򣬵ͬ˵Щôţ
˵ɶãû˴оͺã˿Ҳ֪ԼоǵԼԺᱻǵΪģתĲɽӻͬ˵ʲô
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Ｄθ˼ȣԼ͵Ҫ޸ˡ
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͢Ԫ˰֣ûʲôޱ㲻ޣΪ˸ŵͻҲͲ徻
һȣΪ͢ԪôˣȻżЩڵֻ֪ѵһԼǸŵӱԵЩɵ
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ֻ˵ǰ赭д͢Ԫĵ׻Щ̤ʵ˵˵ȥҲǱܵųűŮϵ˰ˣĶ˳ۡ
ݲˡ
͢ԪĬһ˲ŵ˵ͷ룿
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͢ԪüǸūѽ
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ЦЦŮǲԸ֮ˣϰٸǧҲῴһۣｿӹˣ潫޵Щطȥֻҹҹĵߣ˵ʱҲȽϽŮô˼븮Ϊδɣ
Ըôһ˵͢ԪЩƿˡ
γֻ֪˼£΢΢̾˿
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͢ԪѰˣȻҪģɷ̽һƺǶû˼Ůҵ˼㲻ˡ
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͢Ԫҡҡͷ֪㲻ףҪȥʣ
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30 
ӺԺ뿪, ﻹЩ̤ʵ
˵ûдֻЩʲôҪĽһʱ֮á
ԽԽԾ, òੲ, ûŪİɣ뵽, , ҲӲţûһ, Ҳδ
ǱϾǷ̥, ѪܵûиоﴧĦӣȴʽǶǻСһ, պӱ
뵽⣬ﲻ˸ŲͣסӳɻĻС㣿
ӳ£üͷһ, ߣȥݡ
컯յģﵨҲЩ, һڵ±Ƽĵ, 㱻, ˵, ʲô, ٲã˵ѩҲɡ
ĵָԼ˽ڣӳһ·⣬ԺﾲĵģѩСľ̽ͷ
æС˸ĶҲǿöͿһ۾УֻҪȷ˲޴󰭾У˴߱èӣСְѴС졣
ݵĴԶС㷿е޵þɣ⿴ûʲôëĴôһƣͻȻһ̶
֨ѽ
һʱǸӶ֪ƴˣæƴջأתҪ·
һתͷ˵һײʲôӴһһ˫ѥ
С㣬Ǳߡͳɤͷؽ˫ָǲԾ߬ýġ
ͷײۣͷµļ΢΢ˣ˳ʲôģӲʲôʱģòԺһֱû֨ſЦɡ
ﱧԹ˼䣬ȴֻԼ˿̵ǸСץ˸һΣؼ˻һҲǱߡ
֪ܲǲǰߣ
յı۾򴽣̶˿Űŵֱ̧ͦͷ
ǸѵɫҲ·ɾ࣬ͷһ˿˿ûܹ̺Ǳ
˿ûƭû¾С
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Թת뿪΢΢£ıӰĿ˿ڣС
ҹȥб͢Ԫֺ̬Ⱦʹת䣬ͬ˵ˣӦݿҲδǰȴҲ͵͵Ҫתߡ
Ůҵ˼ֱͳûͷû䡣
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Ȼ뵽ʲôһתæع߻ȥʵҵͬ˵ʲô𣿡
Ѳ˵ʲôˡ
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û㽫ЩģȥһԵɣǵĸ龭ѵĿ飬㲻˼ݵĻҡ
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ȷȥ̽£͢ԪҲڲ£鷿͢Ԫһֱ޵ֱ˵Щ£͢ԪɫŻ˲١
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ҺȥɽϼСƥСԵʬ壬СԱһֱΪӰӡҩҩһּΪҩҩзζҩûʲôΣֻмӴ󵽼ʮ֮ļͻ𺦣ζҩԣú󣬶ھͻʣͻ°ĭȫ鴤ֹصıᵱССԾ֢״ȥģÿҩ깺ζҩ˺ܶ࣬ϣһԹһƥļģֻҪ̽һܿͻнˡ
ƺһ˵ĻɫҲûʲô仯Ψڻº̧֮ƺ˹֮ڷ

˵ҲɣԿң߱ˡ
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˰ϯĵɴۣȥɽϣƶˣ

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Ǳˣﳶ˳ǣԱţĬƬ̣Ƕ˶޵òܿˮʯˣ鵽
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ˣȻΪˡ
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31 
û, ȥż˾ʹϢʱѾ죬ʹˡ
Ҫȥһ˽ϳǽȪɽׯ, ǰ·ϰ, ʱӳº͸ѾСԼ
˵ѾıգҲȫ׼, Ҳ֪ľͺȻ뵽Ҫһͬ, ǾҪࡣ
Ҳչú˳ץ֮ʱ, 㰵, ͬǸΪףһͬ˴õɽȺС
һжһڷչţֱὣǰȥ, ǰܵĻҲһӿɽ˱ȫΧס̼䣬Σ˲Ťת
Ѻٸ, ˣ͢ԪѶǰṩҩϢ̲, óָ֤Ҫ֤ݣٸǰȥ׽

ǰһ, ղŵؿż, û齻ȥ, ⸱, ¶޹أҲɼǳˣ£͢ԪҪôҪô
һѿ޻ڳսűĿҵܲҰңôȥεģ𣿡
ԭˮĳգ˿̾ڿһߵĲһ㣬æԼĿȣһ˺˺üȻͿֲֺôң´Ǹʲô㲻֪ΪЩСϷӹĻ۽𾦣鵽زҺѾûʲô˵ˣһٱˣʲôʵȥٸ˵ܸЩ𡣡
һʱӿǧʡǰҹҹͬ˺İ
㶵ؿż֮ĳգԴʮӴһֱڳߣĽʹֻܵһùݣȻĸԸңŵȢһݣԸҲţȣһֱȡ
ա
ͻȻЦЦͷƤ飬ЩŤӵؿųյ૵ƭҵĶԲԣȢңֻȨƣһװֻҰģеһжƭҵġ
죬ͼΪԼЩʲôδƭΪԼǻȢģȻޣȴҪѡյһжˣǻѡ
ڣᡣ
Ƴһۼ۵׵İȻţǰ벻ѾҪˣһһЩĪҪ飬ֻԼɵ¡
֪ǵһӣͬһŮ˵Ļ˵߰ɣݲˣڸϣֻ˳ĪҪ飬ֻԼûȻ
գٱѺߣ֤ȷ䣬ͼıɱ֮һⱲҲûгˡ
*
õ˽¸ȴһ˽ŵѹա
ǰΪףӳº͸ŵôҳһ£ͷ촹ȥˣվһȻԵЩ롣
͢Ԫһŭ֮ɫؿ΢΢ţȻò塣
Ĭã᲻õô˵ŭԼŮֻѹŭ߷ߵ֪Ů˴㶯֣ߵǹƥܳȥǰŵһûУ
ƲƲ죬ƻʱϵòᣬҲ֮٣δȫˮ֮ǰҲûͬ͢Ԫ࣬˵Ҫɱƾ޾ݵģܲ˵Լ˸جΰɡ
һ˵جΣֻ뵽ҹУԵɾ͸ǽԹۣ˵˾ٵȷЩðգҲоųɵİգ㵽λˣֻԵǸʲôСˡ
ʱͷϣҲûϴ˳شͷҶԡ
͢Ԫصس˿һ棬Լ֪µһ棬᲻𷣹Ůֻ˳üͷһ壬Ǽ֪СҪգŴ£˵õ
䣬ʹͨһ
ֻŵòеӳº͸ֱӹһʧģСʲô֪ѽүССĴһͬУ£СҲǽ֪ѽ
˵ž״ĳ͢Ԫصؿͷ

ȷԩһ˸Ůӳв̫׵˳˵ӳ£Ҳ޹ġ
ֻǸϴٶҲ̫ˡ
͢Ԫ״üɫЩ˲֪ﻹ֪ܲǵ˼鶼ȥˣҪӣ˴飬Ϊһ֮һ֪ġ
ڷֻб˲֪Ҳ̹Щ
ʱҲףӶһ˻˺ӵ
ٽȥͷˣ죬ǰ͢Ԫסĸ첲ͱˣŮⲻûʲôŮ֪ģұ֤ԺԲŵΣ֮ˣ
͢ԪҲˣ̾һ˵˵㣬һŮңôӣûʲô£Ҫи̣Һô찡
ЦЦСǲǻ𡣡
⻰һԼһ£漴ʶ֮߳ԶͷȥֺܿԼûҪȥû˵ʲôֵĻæջߡ
Ŵ˻󣬶һ΢졣

ǹһ£ƽ
͢ԪûؿʲôڣСҲŲ
ܿ죬͢ԪǺ뵽ʲôɫɨһȦɷվҽݣЩҪͬ˵
һ㶣׸ΪͻȻֻæҲȥĵЩ
͢Ԫ鷿󣬱͢Ԫɫ˼֣ƺʲôѲˡ
ǰ£ܿ쿪ʵǷʲô𣿡
͢ԪһŻ±֪Ҳò֪ˣӦҪǰˡ
ǰΪΣ
͢ԪһԵĳóһӲӵĻʽȻǹ֮ɻؽӹ͢Ԫ㿪ڵʺ봺ٽ볯д󳼣ЯҾһͬǰȥμӡ
һ㶣£ǰһ꣬ȷǰ˾ǣֻʱ볣ն飬飬Լ᲻뿪ûͬĸһȥμϯ
ֻǽȲ볣ճףȻҪŸĸһͬȥģݻȥ޷ǶؾǣҲˣȥҲ䲻˶ʱյġ
Ϊ͢ԪǵԸߣһ˲ġ
ԣ͢ԪȴҡҡͷĵĲǰҽʥἰ㣬̸ǻδޣʹ£ֻǵʱΪ㽫볣ճףǻش˻ϣұΪ¾ôȥˡ
㶵ؿ͢Ԫδ˵꣬ĵȴӿһ˿ԤУǰ֪£ȴҪػһıˡ
ٵǰʺͻȻȡĻֵ˼գҽһἰĻ£мʮƹĻǻϲҽʺȴȻ⣬ֻ˵ȻδޣӦһܵ¸˱ĸ֡
⻰һȻԼڱѩڸĸķǰʮӵĴսǿѪܵͷ­ʱӽŵ״룬ȫ÷ݶڴ
ԭʮӵľ
ǰΪûУ
͢ԪұǿͷӦ˻ʺ˴żȻóգɻ飬⼸վ;콫¶ʱͬгڽʱ볣նǸϵʱѾҪ׵ĵزˣܽ¸ȥ£㲻Ըټ޳գֳ£ҲԸٽ޸
׹ǰһڳϣ˽Կóն⣬ῴٰ޵ĸͻȻ̬ת䣬ӲҪޣͷӦˣԭΪлһ¡
ﺦµģ͢ԪУ͢Ԫ۵ͷε
֪ˮȣ㶨ǲԸȥˮֹطĵطҲԸ̶Ҳͨǰ򵥣̫֮λʱڳдλѾˣʮڹвǿ֣ܷ̫ȴδ֪һɵ֧֣Ǳܸһ̫֮λԴ˻ᣬŹһվϵ෱֮±һⳡԨа
ʱһأԭǰ⵽ݺΪ£δ빬֮ǰ޸˳գǻʺ̫ξҵ³
ξѾ˸ı䣬ڣ̫ξлݺ֪˺£Ҳһþȫȫһ֤˷ޣܴµķ
˼䣬͢Ԫּ£뵽һȫİ취ûʺģ˼ȥΨΪ˸Ҳݵġ
һʱΪִҪһ·͵ҡͷҲҪҪ޸գ
͢Ԫһ㶣Ƭ̲ãȻû˵
˵
л˵
ã»죿
ֶл


32 
һҹ, ڴշתߡ
޸
δ飬Ҳѹ룡
߹ݱȲң, Ϊľ֮, Ϊ֮һһֺ, Ҳᱨ
˵, ֮Ҫһ֮£ǰڼ޸ǰ, Ͱ, ʹ࣬ȫȫˬȥŮӵΪɷҲֻ, ǵ˸ɷҪòǻãɷҹҹݻֻģͻ档
£ǰһЩС˵, Ϊŵò壬۲Ϊ˸ᣬ˼, ֻ۾ƣɫս, Ǳҵʱ, ȥҪһЩ, ٿƽ̬, ۰ӣؾҪòݵһ֡
ǰմӲҲΪ˿Ҳ֪ǲǳ۰бȥй
УߣҹҹݻпģʱޣʱӣŹǵã˵ĻǣҪˣˡ
ⲻǱʲô
⻹δɻ֮ʱӣò֮£һı䣬һ˳ȥպҲԹˣǳɻأ
±˳֮£ʹһ뵽Ǹ/ģһȣ۵ȴǰľ
ԣ
Ｘ˼һҹֱ˯ȥ
˯УƺһΣͬЩ¶δ֮µΣģ壬ת˲һ㡣
޺һƬһϲĺɫϲĵʵòӳڣͦΣȣͬÿһ㣬ֱض
﷢ԼҲһ£Ϸ¡
ǰͦʣ̵߷·һһһ㣬̵ؽУ޿ɱܣ޿ˡ
֮Уǽﵨ֮һηޱԤ֪Σʵεһ
ҹҹĽۿɼȥɫԽ㲣ͷҲԽԽϡ١
ֱּ⸱ȵ˲״ķ۰𣿡

Ҫһ͵شӴ
ڴŴһί֮ʱӿͷ
۰۰ġ
*
鷿ڡ
͢ԪŪԵɣھ͵ҲޣҲܼ޸
͢ԪԿͷ˽òˣջԺҪͷͻȻ̬ȴ䣬Ҳ֪Ƿʲô
͢ԪǼ˭
һˣղܣʮӲܣ·Ҹ˾͸ˣҲֻ֧֧ûбİ취ҲԸⰡ
Ա͢Ԫˣ죬治鷿̸ʱóռСӵ񶼿콫˻ˡ
ҪѰ죬͢ԪҲСӣʱ㿹ܣһƺĸͷδڣż̧۵ԸԸ⣬Լ˵ɣ
һͷȥ鷿Ŵ򿪣
Ҫ˵
ﱾЩĿһƣǱһ㣬æջƵĿ
͢Ԫû񣬴ߵǰ󣬱㿪żɽջǰ㣬лĴ㣬Ը¼Ϊһ𣿡
Щһ˲ǵͨ죬ΪẬһ˵ģ£˸սݣֱӾͽװ׵˳
Ҳһ㶣ͫ΢沿Ҳһ˲㶼תͷһŵҽŵСģУһ·˲ӸٲȻһŮ˼ģ
ڴˣ͢ԪŵǵĻ£
Ҳԣ֮以ͨ뼱һҲûֺγ룬ǸӺ˵ľ룬ȥУҲҪ£˻飬ȻعЩˡ
ֻ͢ԪΪλ׾ʹӦˣ
˼Եɣ͢ԪͿࣺҪ¼ҵҲûףӦｫ¶£˻飬һҪ£аִﲻ֮׮±ʹգΣ
β˼͢Ԫµ˲䣬㿪Ӧãƾү졣
һɴ˫ۣôӦˣΪδӦ
͢Ԫ¶һĨ֮еЦ˰ɣԸ⡣
⻰ʵãͺ׳ȫֵͷ᲻Ը׸͢Ԫֱӽ˻ʳ˽Ҫﰲһ㡣
ﲻ˼ǵԸԸ
һ˵ʲôȴ͢Ԫһڴϵ¾˵ˣȽĶڸϼ򵥰ˣͨҵĿ죬²ʽö˰ɣ
á
ˣﻹЩҪ˵°ɡ
һһͷ·ﲻһ㣬һΪȡĻҪúðգһƵļƻ˶ûҪѯ˼ô鶨
ֱ뿪鷿ſһҪҼ޸𣿡
͢Ԫü֮ǰǻǰ˺󶼽˿죬ģֲԸˣ
һ㶣æǵģҲǸ˼Ǹˣҡ
Ҽްƿݣ뱻ҹҹĥ룬һ֮ŮҪû׸ǼңοҪޣҲֻԼ֮˰
Щû˵ֻû۵׵ίƲƲ죬ǲԸģ
͢ԪŻڽ͵ģŶ˵ˣҪµĿ죬ֻȨ֮ƣ˵ģʱ䣬ӦԹˣͷȥˣҸ첻ϸֱӽվˡ
⻰һƬ̣һŷӦ˼Ǵһ£ֲİ޸һȷˣƭ
ﵱͷ񶨵У̫ˡ
͢ԪһЦ׵ľǽŮ¶͸һһ˵Ųޣһ߲ǴΪ
ɻİ취ĪǵҪ빬У
æҡҡͷ빬УҲ벻İ취ΨдӦ£ƺǽµΨһ취ˣǷ̫ƽЩ
*
ߵһҹ
˼Žһ£ôҲ޷̤ʵ˯
պ󻹻¼ȴҪ㲻µٲȻǶ𱨡
ֻΪλԥӦأѲΪҲʲôı¼֮ʲô
벻ףҲԽĻţ֮£ôҲġ
ûͷǹأʱһ¾ͳȥˡ
ý˵
ݣţƺûؽֻһ£㿪һŷ졣
ʱһ٣˼ϴƴĴ̶ɲҹһƬˣæջֻ֣ŷﺰ㣬һ¡
ûлӦһŷ￴ȥģǲ𣬿ôˣᵽܣѲ˯ˡ
̾һ˵˯̤ʵƭ˶֪
վǰԥһ˲û˼ҹ̽ڣﴧ£Ҳֻ´˵ţתһ֨ѽһֻץס
һ£궼ŷһ룬ʶҪУδüгץֻһƮƮӶʱקС
󱳵ϷţǲۣȴͷȻһ¹⿴ǰ֮ˣʱʲôˣ
£ŷ˿̸úܽ˼ǱѹϣϵĴƻץγĶԱȣ޷ӵĹ¶ȣŲδҲоΧ˹
һ಻һ˭ңϢŵľϡ
ʱһ㶣ȴקø˼ֻ֣ûŻʣ㡢ҪʲôǲǺȾˡ
Ⱦƣȥȵľư
л˵
ллҵֺ֧ϲ
ÿοǵҶÿģ
׽桢bugôʲ߼©ָĽܣϣ
ֶл


33 
ԽĿ, ǽȦ˻һ㣬ߵѪҺڣϢֳ
ڵںڰ֮Щ, , ˿ڲص㺺֮ͬÿÿѹʱһģһ
Ѿ˻ҵò, ĵӿϺ, Ҫ롣
ﺦµüҪ޳ˣôҲû뵽ΪλͻȻ, ϱ̵Ϣƽ, żͳƵС㣬ҪȢˡ
һˣȫڲصһĨϲ֮⣬⻰, ڸǰѣ˵Ҫĥˣ׼𣿡
뵽ˣ㿪ʼۿתҲ˿ǻ㡢㲻, һõģҲƭģܱܲ۸ҡ
⻰, İ֮˵һ㣬𽥼, ɤƣ۸, , һͨġ
ʲôʲô۸Ҫͨ, ˻ٰһ߿һûͨ죬ǲɻ飬Ҳ׸ġ
˻һӶһ£ھıϢҲͣһ˲漴һǼһ㿿ļͷͷľƵСڵ׸ί
⻰ƺûʲôԣ᲻ģû׸Ѿίˣֱǻƣͷֻ΢ЩѴӦ˵Ļջȥ
ҹһӵʹŵЦĶߣһ̽еëһ㣬΢΢һʶͷȥȴʱ̧ͷ
ĿԣͫӳŶԷӰڶԷϣŮӵܰϵľһ𣬽¶Ƕһ㣬ȵ˻͡
Ҫˣɺǵ˷ţ޿ˣɵһ˲ԼֳļͷͽЩ
ȴ˿δƶ˼ܵĴһ㣬ŴǣסͷҲίԸ⡣
ᣬһαץסʶѣ⻰ȴֱסˡ
ﾪ֮ʱֻϲС㣬Ը׸
۾ĵɵúܴ
ϲϲ
⻰޴ʯͷ͵ˮ˾κˣôҲûĴ𰸣ʶ˵ڣȾƺȺͿ𣿣
ؿͫг޷ӵĳȣȴָ峺ƺɣȻѵúܡ
˵ĺ
æֵУ㲻׸ܲҵջؽյĻǲˡ
üͷһ壬֮ʱֱӵľܾǾƾͷͰЩɫܡ
Щ£ӵؿǴ㽫̧ͷҵûĶ£һͻҽ㲻ͨȡŻµģ
ǧ㣬û㵽ϲȥƭˡ
רעؿΪǽģԭΪģధ͢ԪȴûܵõϿɣ͢Ԫô취֪Ѷˡ
ڵݣȷû취ļ޸ܾãҪ֮ˣᾡ죬ʱ佫еһжףýȢ̧ӭš
ٴα˱˸ͷ֣صްһ취ġ
ԣֱˣԼѹ˵ͨˣ˵ƭһꡣ
Ǻ˾ƣѹûף˵ȥҲͽͣѺ˵£ֻԼٴȥͿ챻ˡ
æҲͬ˵ˣ㡢ſңҵûȥˡ
ĬƬ̣Щطſ˻֮ˡ
˵˲䣬붼û룬һ̵գ˲Ŷӡ
*
˵̸֮۴£ɵŻŻݺ󣬱ûǱȥ벽ˡ
ϲ飬֪ž𾪷ǳ
ϲԼʲô
˼òŷӦԼһֱպľ֮ϸһ룬Щ΢֮£ֵһٶΪ
УҵʬΪȷ˸ϸһɺȻŤתˣɱ̫ξ̫ξһ˸ɾףֱӿʮӵͷҪ췴
յţ֮ѾʮˣȻڲŷӦ
ա
뵱ͷڹ겻ȥԴ£˭֪ҴҵֱӾͽϢ˳ȥֱѶ¸֪¶˾֪ˡ
һֳ°ͲȤζؿ˺һˣһֱüһֲֹ֪Ӻ˵ӣڿȥˣſ˸ͷʵ˵˵ɣ½ǴСգ
Ǳҵ˷йһ㣬꣬ͼææ
ںýǰҲûʲôģڶҪˣҸ˰ˣǴʮӵ£ļƻٵıף޾ϸһȫ˳
УıҲʮַḻֱ΢ţЩȵʲô˵ϲˣҲϲãⲻǺ𣿡
һǱβһ㵱;Ҳϲ
Ҳһôܣ㲻ˣ
һ͵صɴۣãҡûУ
һˣΪһģһֱƫ̻ѳӶ˵̬ȣⲻϲʲôɵڹˣﾹȻϡ
üͷһ壬ʣų
룬ܿҡͷ
㣬׽㣬з֮⣿
һ㶣ʱЩ죬ϸϸҹĿֻЩţ֮ʱ˼һ飬ȴδз֮⣬ҡҡͷ
ʵ⣬ԼﶼЩûˣŻֱ׳˵ԼûУȴûʲôٷһˡ
Що޹ξҲ޹δ֮£ͽʱǲġ
ɡɾҲϲģң۰ҵģ
᣺
ôۣ˼Ҷȥˡ
ᵹû⻰˵ǿѹûԼ⣺ȻˣǱͰү˵ͦõģµʱ䣬ҲԿǷ۰㣬ˣȡԼɣԼ⣬񲻾Ǻһ׮
ɴۣƭ
˵ԴЦƭȻϲ㣬ǱҪãȢ㣬͵ͨµĿ죬ⲻ˵˵ģҲͬˣͨɲŮòϲԵˡ
ɡҵ˵˻ҽͨ
ʧЦ汻򶯣ֻҪϲѲүһҸ𣿡
ʱȻһʱ侹ҲҲˣһ˿ǰ۸˵Լϲ
Լ뷨һ˵ʲôͻȻӳµĺС㣬ˣͳڸǰˣ
л˵
ﱦðɣǾ͸һ׷ҵĻ
źðңźùңźں
ֶл


34 
˵Ǵ, ϵʱȴһȭմ˵ϣǰյʹ, ƿڴҴңҿǻòͷˣ
, ͵شӵԾ𣬰γ彣Ҫ
һ, Ѹǰȥ, һס֣
һŵòĸæǰС, , ӲҪã˾ʹˣ⡢⡭
üͷһ, ߵǰȴתգɫãʲôһ˴¸𣿡
նʱɫ, æеջУȴʵĴô, ͻȻҪˣϢ÷з, ֪ǺεС˺ҷųϢҪ, ұҪ֪¡
Ĭһ˲, , һ⸱ִݣֱ׳ڱת˻棺²ǴԣҵȷҪˣϢҵųȥģ˼ҵСˣ
Ҳ˼ô᣿ҪףǻǼ²ҵ£ţ޹ذ
һ·ڿһЦʲôᣬҲҲм¸ǰ󳳴֣δ򵶽Ҫڴ˼£ұҪˡ
δ仰֮ʱ΢΢һǰ΢΢´Գʱյȭɿ
۳ͷʱһһ׵ģһδǵһ㣬˲ۿŭʲôδ򣿺𣿣ǲʶҪˣǲǴǰͱҸһˣ
ôʵʮ̶ִһüֱ˵һ䣬ɴۼֱš
һ˲˺ĳǰһյ죬͵ؽ˱ֵǽ棬쵽ռûüӦһ彣ӵһ࣬ǵӵƤϣǰƶһ㣬ܸѪܡ
նʱòҶôҲû뵽Ȼý¸ǰǵһôң
Ĺ󣬵ӳڲŵ°͡
߱ɱĺ⣬Ž޳ָ΢΢һѹǵͻյĲƽ˼֣ĿУɭ첻˵˻Ҳһѡ
ҧͼһѷסһֻץסѹұۣȴû뵽ԼƶȫвֵԽѹƵԽ
㡢㣡ǽҡҡŻˣһԵĬҲֻһԶԶվţȫȻûҪǰֹ
һ˫ǵţֹסĶ£һ˲Ҫ״ĺ
ɱ֮ͥҲҪɱ
¸ǰ£
ϵɤһ㶣ͷȥֻ͢ԪһվǰԥƬ̣뵽ʲôŻɿǣƳյ֣ʣ治ɫվһԡ
һ˾Ǽ˾һ㣬æߵ͢Ԫǰ´ˣ½ǰϰݷã֪˾⣬˵Ҵֻ֣֣Ҫڴ˵ڼѪˣײ֮ˣŻˡ
͢Ԫؿ˳һۣЦһɫϲŭֻǻˣҸδү
ԭָҥԣ͢ԪǰĶа¶͢Ԫ⻰󣬳׾ˡ
ŵؿ͢Ԫ׮ģҪ¼ҵȨƣҪܱλãᱻһȥƾʲô
˫΢һ˲Щʲô´ˣʶѾãͻȻҪˣҸϳ£в޹ذ
͢Ԫ⻰ͼȴѹûֻ̫ͬ࣬Ǽ볣Ƿ޹أٸǱϱ֪ˣɳҸǰ£Ƕ¼кβ
ôᣬǵģүҡ
û뵽͢ԪһҲ˵ʲô͢ԪȴûٺֱԵСŮڼϻóﱸվͲдˣذɡ
͢Ԫվ᲻Ҳ͢ԪǰΣǼֻԼ˿ͷ
ʹģֻҧҧٶ˵ʲô
ɡ͢Ԫ˰֣ʾͿͣ䵽ϡ
һ㶣ʶŵĳ嶯֮ٱ⣬ųպ˵˵Ŷֵģδüڣȴ͢Ԫ˶üһ䣺ò
˵գͽһӰһ˸
*
͢Ԫ̸ͬ۹ŮĻ£˻ȥǰһصУϱæǰѯʵô£ɶˣ
͢Ԫ˵ͷšһ
ϿɷȻȥһˣЩѣʵģ鲻ˣһ
͢Ԫ̾˿ҡҡͷһŵǰұ㿴ǳղ˳ۣκŮϲֻ룬˴ûиı⣬˵һпΪ˱£һʱ⽫޸Ǽ޸ˣǺŮ
͢Ԫ±ﲻ̤ʵ䲢δ£ܾãпҲ֪ʲôʱ
ҲĬһ˲֪ǰı磬ػޱҴ˿ûľ
ĬƬ̣ϺЦˣүǿ˳ˣ
͢Ԫһ㶣ʶüͷܿչĿ֪ʲôŻ֪άɣϸҵһ߳ȥ
*
ߺСֻصУһ£ͷ㼤ĸ첲ϲƼǼ𣬿滤㣬ûоúĶ
£긮ǰµղԺУ󣬡ĶУһ٣תͷ˷Ըǰã°ɡ
һ˶δүת뿪СԺ
һµң߬ɢŵͻˣϴεľ飬İ֮ˣϤĺŲС
ǹ΢ĻȣȲǰ
ͷһæֵҶˣġĻЩ
ЦЦʻ֮ǰĻ⣺Ƿ̸֮£Σ
Ϊѵüͷ˵˵ͷͷǵҲɣһ뵽ҪΪĹϵʹֻǶףܷɻ黹Ǹδ֪ǽЩңҲ֪Լڻʲô
ջǿһһǾãǲϲġ
ʹٺãϣǲ۰ģεˣ
˵꣬ĴӳµôȥС㣿
˶ʱһһͷ֪ӳѾһƿŵķš
Ŀԣʱŵվһ㶿ǰһ㡭ûʲôɡ
л˵
ŶŲ
¿ӡ˺籾ұˡ
ȷȥһ𣿣ۣ
ֶл


35 
һ, ƲԵͺ֪Լ˵ӳ²һһûӰ
뿪ʱʮǹ˷š
һҲģ
ŵȹڣǻҵؿһ, ȴɫûü, æƿߡ
ˡ
û飬˵, ûкβ, ⻰ȥҲ֪Լͻˡ
ǵ˲Ը״Ӷվ
ĵԼ, ȴַܿ, Ϊ
˼һ飬վڸǰĬȴĿڴ˳ĬǲϲСΪҪӦү¶ף
ɤĮƽȣڵĳ, ȴϲŭ
ԥһ˲ϴδ֮ܵ£ʱ˵ӱܣһҵûȥ˵, Ӧ֪࣬Ǳڹ
, ҧҧ̧ͷ, ɫø֪, ȴһֱδѰúʵĻ, ұ㽫鶼㡣
ϸŵ忴쳣, ¶ĲֱϣɫرţѹĳݼӿϵɫȴǺ޲ģȴｫһе
ϸϸµ˳δ˵֮£ʹʮҲܽЩ°˵ǻӣʮΪֵܣȻҲȥ˹еϢֻ˵ΣԸ˵ȥ鷳
ϣһ˲æҲǵ鼱֮İ취˼ȥ޹أǲܽҲһˮҶ㡭Ƿ˼˱ǹ㣬ģұȥͬ¡
ã˫ţֱ˵Ƿ˼ɫһݣʱĳ˭
ָҪȢˣ۵͸¶˿˿⣬Ȳֽճȭ
ղ鷿ధ͢ԪȫǵĻ£ûɻ飬Ҳδй˼һֱˡ
δ
ͼסɾʹ
͸˿˿һ㶣æˣҲʲôɵ£֮һ͵취ġ
ĵһӦҪȥɱʮӣеģûμ֮Ľ֣ҲûŪĸһβΪΣ֮Ⲣһð취ҲӲվ
Ĭһ˲ֿڵС㣬ҵ
ҡ죬ܾǰһŨŨɫ˵Щʲôֲ֪Ӻ˵
ָ֪һεľ
ǸҹǽǾ֮ͣκڿһ֮˵УȵģҲ˴ѡ
Χյ£֪Ҫλشˣֲ֮ˣܶԼһߣʱľƺʲôʱȴǻ벻ˡ
ԣ뱨С㣬С˵Ը˵ݲȥ鷳ǱС㣬Сȫ
һɴۣ˵ԸҼٶף
ٶסۣδЩ̶̫ǵ˵ͷµʱգСȥ鷳Ըġ
û뵽ȻԸ⣬㶵ΣȾж˵Ļһţʶʵϴ˵Щ
һ㶣ʣϴΣ
͡ҹҡݣ㡢˵㡭˵ű㲻ɵձŨҵϢסһʱҲû˼
죬ͫӳŲԵɫԽ˵ԽСҲû˵ףɵõº˾ƣǵˣ˵ʲô֮ԣСˡ
ԣգգ۾ﻹżɻ
ǲˣ
ΪκȾƣ
ǴǷǮӣһ˹ǮҶЩСףһ£Ӧˣû벻ʤȥ
ӵȷѵӣ΢΢˿Ī治ǵˣǲǵˣǲҲɵʲôû
ţȴ׷һ䣺գ˵ʲôǵС㲻ˣ
ûаһ㶣æ˰֣Ҿͷһμʰˡ
ԣҲ˿һ㣬ŴóžһֱŵңС⼸鲻ѣΪ˵ʲôС㣬ȥŮϲңСĪҪˡ
⻰ģˣΪˣû룬ȴĻ
㶵ؿеңСɣһóżһĨȻܰ㣬Ƣ
ΪλͻȻǰû뵽Ϊġ
Ứ˼ϲĵһֽӹңؿ˼飬ϸϵĴ壬Ҳɷϲá
죬СţǮ
㾫µңſɲˡ
ĿӦ£µĹǮ
ֱЦãͨ˹ǮҪǻϲϲԸһҪǽǮģԼһֲһȫõȴΪŸһҺġ
ĵӿһɬУȴǵܵġ
СؽСллҺϲ
˵ŻʱҲ̧ͷ㿴΢üۺǳǳЦģ˿ڿˮҡһͷһμЦ
Цûͦÿġ
ЦܿȥȴỺСϲȻˡ
ԣһֺ֪ģԽԽˣЩƵξգʱһ˵죬Ҳ֪Ϊʲô
ž⻰Źֵֹģʲôᣬæǰ벽͵˵ϲҡ
ɫһ٣΢΢˵ͷ˵ģҲҡ
ϲֺη
ͷһҪץס֮ˣԷﲢųкܶᣬǰؼ֮ˡ
ܷΪɷ򣬲Ҳȫƾ¡
˵գٴι΢΢ĻȣЦСϲЦԺͶЦɺã

ֺˣ
Ϊ£εģصģԼϷŪˣˣôҲû뵽վôƽؽˣûհ֣˳ƽͷ鷳¡
Цãʵ̫ƻģĨЦ⣬ĴǣԭӲʵʱͣÿýƲۡ
ﷴӦԼǿһɵЦտæƿʶ˰벽
ȴһۿ͸ӣǰ벽ʣСΪˣȵģ
ǵģֻЩԾҰ˰֣ڻ֮ѵĪҪҵ֪ˣұӦһҪΪر㿴ɺã
ܾԼռһ㣬˼ڻؾȥһݣʱԼ˵ҲܰĵطҲǰװ׽ԼϷˡ
ԣһüңײһ˲ЦˣʲôҪ󶼿𣿡
Щӿ죬ͷֻҪܰ쵽ģ
ĿЦˣǱ㣬лСˡ


36 
յ, 㱻͢Ԫͬһһš
Ӽ˿ڲ, ȴ̲סŵȥ
ⳡ, ܾЩһεУμ븸ĸһ̸Ļһ, ֻ, ˣ
ﲻ֪, Ǹ̸۵ĻµĶ˭, ܹ鲻ʮӣϾǢ̸
Ҳܲɣֹ, ȴٳ벻Ϊβֻÿյҧſӣһʱ벻ͷ
ţӰЩһСŽ, ϴͳɤС㣬Ե㡣
һŷԼлǸ˳ٳδ, ȴһֱҧſӣһ˫ֱض, , ֻǻԼ˼ﶼز
ջ, ʶƳһԵĸĸ, ϶ʱͬȥûۿһ㣬ǴһЩЦ͢ԪҲεһڽЩ
һʱߺˣæͷķȴ͢ԪȻȻҪˣƺҲøһˡ
һʱֱӣЩŵزͷȴԾУ˵Ƶɤһ黽ﱦģæ֧֧͡ͻ־ͺˣǰɣ
Ӧû󵨰ɣ棬Һǳƣ㻽һͲͬ⣡
Ŀ˼Ƭ̣󣬲ŻڵԺ󣬱㻽Сˡ
͢Ԫص˵ͷȴһȴûµȥĸоβŻһá

Ϊᣬ﻽һġ
ʧ
ǡеֶѡ
*
գԶڽϣ͢ԪĵλȻҲ˲ǰףأϾҲǵҪ˾֪źãҲ˿
¸ϯǰڶ࣬ﵹóӭֻͣбɡ
ֻһᣬ־ˣ֪¼ҴСһףͷ֪˻أҲ֪Ƿã˻˾ʮӾ͵治ٶ¼뷨ΪֻеЩ·ء
˼ţһ̧ۣƳӳﲻ֪ʲôһ·Ժ
ӳ̧ȿУżƺһð˿˿ȻǸճ¯ģɵʵʲô
ӳ½ѹ޷ŵϣëƿ˸ǣܵϢС㣬ǹүԸū澸͵үԺо÷ζ鲻ã˵ǻԸ˳ЩԵʳһū澱ȥȡ
һүһ˲ϰ˿лݣ漴㽫ðϣΪ˶ǰæµţء
зζ̲סǳһڣ˿˿˳źͷ룬Щů⣬˻ʱ泩˲٣ķƵҲɢȥ
죬ǵãʱִ˼ĳӳʵͷˣ
ӳո˺Щˣūţүǽϳ֮˶ʮˡ
΢΢һ˲ŵЩʣӦ
ӳһЦС͹ү໥ţĽģ۽ǵЦˣСδƼүյİ濡ū澻ͷһμү⸱ģū澿ȥ
˭˭İˣʣôˣΪ
˵ţȴŬװͦģҹѡģһɫۣ֮ǰŵĻ²ͬҲʱĴŴ粻ͬ
еɫ˸еѹȣͬһ㣬޶Щ
׷ʱһ۱ɫۣƣ۵İĵţѡۣ漴־ãǲϲɫ·ܾ
ȴ˻ػƣһ˵㣬㽫Ӧ
ˣﲢδۿ·˿ԺҪҲһʱҲ󲻳ʲô
ӳǻڻ뷽ǰƼʵģһſڣȴǴʣ˵˿װүͳÿǰϻ·ʱǰһһֽˡС㣬ȥİ
ӳ»δ˵ֱ꣬ȥһ·СŸϣȥǰ
ӳ¼æţС㣬үԸ¶棬ӦڵűãҪȥ˽үƼˣū澵ġ
죬²ȴδ֪ͣʱȥǰвףкοƵģӣ类Σкε˾޵İ࣬ȥơ
ȥģֻǣЩӦյĳ棬ۿܰģ˭ӳǴʡ
ţﵭȻ͵Ժǰһ۱ã˷ֵġ
ӳֲС㣬ֻһ·ǰȥ
ǰķӵۡءѣȷǾۼˡ
ԺǰһĨɫȻ㵽һԵĹľԺһ˫ˮĴ۳ڿȥΪ˶ˣҪЩȺҼĨɫӰȴû뵽Ⱥиۣһྻİۣһ۱ˡ
һ㶣λΧסһӦĵأ΢΢ףͦúֱʮΣߣճʵı˫ԵͦΡ
üĿͦͷż覴ãͶ䣬ȣǿһ͸¶ǿҸ߹ʡ
ĳಢǴģֻθߴ󣬼ټǴūװ磬Įĺ»Ը˵ĸоǲ׽ͣЩɫۣ͵ͳɫȥ߲˸еη˼İԵȻɣϲ޹飬Ҳ˾ûôˣƽ͵⡣
˵ʱ򴽲壬ɫ񵭹ǹףĻ֮ʣ˫Įֻ¶Щͷһ䡰л
ĿֱֱӢϡ
ͷһƼûи߸ϵȴִŲʣЩԭһ¼ҲҪΪ˸ˣʱҲëʱֻЦǺǵ¹ɲŮòһ԰
ǲʲôһ㣬ĲͷԹǰֱֱͣ䵽ԶԺǰ¶İֻ۾ô׵ϣǳճյŵľޣһС
һʱع
Ҳ֪ԼžʲôڿĪҪֲ̫źãƽ·Ƴһۣ˵ǰ˳㿴ӦԵΣƫƫһ㣬èֵſԺ⣬Լȥ
Ȼ͵˸ţ
ŵõܣһָ̧һԵıͣҪＱǣҵƳһԵֺǵɳ⿴æֵᣬˣôЩûƼ㣬лͬ˵
һãȻָָָԼͷΪкҪ˵һ黹δĹ𻨸⣬ӳԺǰȥ
ӵסߣ²һ٣ĨҵӰѸԺš
վԭأƬ̣¶Ц
һƼӢ¼ҹүһ¶ЦɵǰʵˣӣƼʲôȤ֮£
ջߣǵЦȴδɢֻ赭д£Ƽһֻǰ͵èֿɰġ
è
¸èˣ
л˵
ֶл


37 
һ·첽, ֱԶǰһξ󣬲²˿
ôǷʲôˣڲ, ⸱Żŵģ, Ϊʲô鷳ˣɵЩġ
ʲô, Ǳץ, ֮Ѱˡ
һʣסɵЩ, ӺҴ, һдģҡ
᣺
ôŻŵ
ᵹҲûٶʣǰŸıͿ׺Ҳ˺ЩʱˣСԺкȲ쵹Ҳ˲١
ﴹۿỹδԻС, һС˵ŮӻбǷ޼ǵº󣬱еġ
ղɵЩȣỳ, ǱҲ۸ˣɫãӦ۸, 

ʱһȣæƿ, ԼЩ֮£
ע⵽, ̧һ, ԼĶЦ, 뵽ʲô죿
һ㶣æع죬ԥһ˲ſڵֻЩĽ㣬۰㣬δ۸㡣
᣺
ͻȻʲôأ˭۸ˣ
üͷǲ˵е۸ĶǼٵģҲ۸ˣҡҡͷ
òԾϺԼжתһ˲뵽ʲôɴ۾·˿н̹Ů֮𣿡
ԡǽˣҡҲ˲١
Щӣǰǰĸ׵ȷ̸۹Щʱһܾ޸գĸԳյ̬ȴôãЩͬȴΪһЩ֮òӦ
֮ǻʺǱߵѹˣֻǵʱﵣĸȰ˵ٺúģԱЩͷҲýȥ˵û䣬ֵ֪ˣ֪ˣĪҪ˵ˡ
ϵʱͷ׼һŮŮ֮µĻ䵽ĵס
ɵؿʲôˣȥЩ°
С۸Ůһ£ھʱЩҶ˵ģȻ֪ˡ
۸۸һЩδ޵С˵ʲô᲻ŵգգۣȻ뵽ǰֹ˵һЩʲô۰֮ģŻȻ򣬡ɵѾͷ㡭ǡˣţ񣡡
һţæס᣺䣬˸ʲô߱ˣ£ܵ˵
˰֣ԼҵѾѾǰԸظһˣеһСȡ
ͻȻӽнĴԣˣ𣿡
ţڣȥٻء˵գգգۣ͵͸Ķˡ
*
Ӱյƻ裬ǰڳţͻţԺУһӡ
ġ
ؽ󣬾ͷǰǰˣϽúѧѧ
˵Ķء
ֲԤУֻ֮ʲô⡣
µȷˣ͵һۣҲ֪ɡ
ţﻺ֣ӡ
ֻҲʲô֮ֻǼȥЩϾɺԵ鼮һƤʲôҲûУǱĸ䣬Ҳ˻ȥһ¡
üӷŵһԵϣóǱ鷭
ϵָżְʾζ᲻صظ˫ָȶȼӵ飬һѣϴƵʹŵɤ𣿡
𣿣
ʲô
ʱͺˣʹ֪ҪʲôȻⲻһ鼮
ֶ
˼֣ߵòټȥ͵غ鼮ᴭ˼ؿΧ
ĵеָʹٴηʹһν鷭
едһδ뽫ϣ۾ȴԾһһ¿ȥ忪ʼһĪҲЩ
еŮӲϸܵ泩ͻ䣬ֻһЩֵдȴ޶Ժбĳ
ӵŮҲԼ
Щôʹдʹ࣬ﻹӻм䣬ŮӵĿ֡
ԺвϸֳԼĻ棬ɻУʹؿ޿䣬ЩܲסǷоȴֽر
Щдʮϸ£ԺеĻԽл粻ȫЩû˵Ķ
ԺǰһӰ߽µĽŲᣬԺеŮȴ˿δܲǺһĿתеĻʱŵһҺֲǵɴ۷·𿴵ʲôޱ֮¡
ֱͻȻѹһɴŵϢϱ⧲ԺͬĵߣСڿʲô
Ｘǵŵüге鱾ʱӷ˳ȥ
ۼֿ죬һ죬ȽסǱ顣
ɫһ䣬æǰһǱ߬ڻô·û𣿡
ϵ̻δȥһ˫۵ɵԲԲģؿ΢΢ţȻŵòᡣ
ЩԩԼ·СԼûˡ
ɫҪ飬ݵٿĪҪ۾š
ԺйŮ˵°ͣ߬һĨЦɫ룬ҽл֮¿ɺã
һУ·˭βһʱ˺üҲݣ
üһһէЩͷԣۿﻳеǱ飬ǿʲôֵĶų
ҲԼžԼЩզզˣæǰ˼ʵôˣǶ뿪𣿡
һ˲ŻҲʤٺҪˣ˽뿪ʶ㡣
һ£˼ϴκ˾ƽϣЩĶһӿͷŻŵʲôÿġ
ǰ벽еϣʣ㷽ڿʲô
һǰʶˣһ治֪ԼΪʱĪЩǰŵģ۾Ҳ֪ҪĲźãһֵԼſС֪ˣǿ̫ˡ
ƺ֪һ㣬ӽͶ鱾ҺˣȻһ֪ǰʲôˣһһգ˲ʧȥƽ⡣
һȥﻹδӦһֻı۰Ƚסƽһ˾ͱ˻ײһȵš
ﾪ㵵صɴ۾ǻûӦԼЩˤ˵þˣֱоͷһȵ߿һͷͷֱض
޵ľΧϢûϴεһأ˺
ŲӯһյĴһƬ٣ǰļʵһ
Ϣʶ룬ȴ˸һ㶯˷ֺȻüҡ
أüϢǲһ飬տУӳŴ˿Ž޵޴ؿ΢̴·һֻ䴳С¹
ȵǰһʶ˶ӣСࡢлվˣԷſˡ
ͺеС¹ڶ˵ҲСĵˣԷſ𣿡
Ȼǲԡ
µδɣһһϵĴ꣬δľƾȴ֪ĺһӿϣЩأҲޱȵʱɤɳƣﱦ㣬𣿡
һ˲һƬհס
˵ȴ˿δиӦͻشʱ䣬µһ˲ߴ£漴ͷסۺ˫


38 
ɽͷȥյһ, ߷ѤõɫʣƲ쵵ɫӳڴأСԺӵӰڵӳӰӡ
ֱɫհ, ﾪ㵵ͫ, ǰӰҲҹɫС
Ŵȴ覴õյӳףϵĴ̫ʵ, žĺ, ÿһһ
ǰӲӳڴϵȴò, ǻӿһİȴļ¶, ű˽ĵʱһ㣬ҪҪǻгײ
Ķȡ˿صĽ, ʦͨشĺ֮Уܰʧ֮С
Щѣ̽Ҫƿһоһж, 㱻ø˿ûҪŹ˼˫ȿʼ, µĸйƺˣհһƬĴ޷˼, ֻͽ͵ʸʵļ, Ӵзϸ
ƽӲڴ˿̻Ϊ, ೤Ҫӿȫк
ȷھƾԻЩ嶯, ³çͻ΢΢̧ۣеӳ֪ʱ˫۵Ů糺죬΢Ũܵĳޣ޴ֻҡ
ǣɰˡ
ɬķӦЩղܣϢأ޹ǵ̲סѣⲻ׷Ѱ⼳ȡΧ¶ȶʼϢǻ߳ܵˮ
ֱСĸоʲôڱ仯ʱǻ¯ŵʶһأݼҧ˫۸ףһƿ߳ŭ㣡ңûͬ⣡ûӦ۸ң
䣬ҵƳ£ԭƽ̹ĳ۴˿ȴ¡һԵʱҪ
ע⵽ߣ˲ʲôЩ޴ֹ̧˳غ˰벽Ҳ۸ġ
һ⻰òУȭͷͳŴȥһȭȭ飬ȴǼʵŪԼֱۣһ˲ίӿβŭǾǹˣǹ۸ңϴκ˾Ҳ۸ң
Ҫٴȥȴıһץס߬£ԼŪˣųϴδ۸㡣
һ㶣̧۵ȥ㲻˵˲ǵˣƭң
ʶԼ˵©Ҳû¶ְû֮⣬̹ȻҼǵãﱦϲ㡣
ٴıףеľ㶣æջرס֣ǰס쾪˵ϲңҲǰ㻽ң
üΪΣ㷽Ż͵ҡ

û͵㣡ҡȥȥѰģҲ͵㣡ϵ̫죬һִ˵ĸо
˵ҲԼû˼ֵջС֮ϲңֲϲ㡣
Ĭһ˲ֿ˰Σʣ㲻ң𣿡
ҡҡ˵ԼռȥϷ磬ɡҡ˰죬ѹû취ᣬһӻֱ񿴵øգһƿ󺰵Ҳ۸ң
˵գԹ˿һܻС
վԭض˶٣ǻϢȣƽȥȴԾɳڷŵС
һתƳʯϣ鼮ӻǱŽݣԥǷҪЩҲȥ
ԥƬ̣ߵʯǰ
һ֣عϵķ֡顱һ򿪣ܳһҵӰﻹţ
ݲԼⱾûƼԺлһ䣬æ˳һҲҿһۣǰһѱӣٴܻС
㶵ؿŽյķƬ̣󴽽Цת뿪СԺ
*
ʹ
ʹ߳;ִﾩǣ۴ϯ
˴ʹ۽ǻϲƹѲдˡ
ԼڶɨһۣȴδߵӰüͷһ壬ɵõ̫ࣺ໹δ𣿡
ػϣ˵ڹˣЩӻʺѰλҽزձܽ߻ӵˡ
Щãǹöúֻı䣬ȥյʤڣҲ֪ԼЩûгĪȥһý档
ʿǿཡ˶ǵ屾ͱ뺷ϣȥλʿһӮ˳ϥµлӣȴϣҰܵһͿ
սܲһӣۣҲͻȻһע⵽ԼδۿĶӡ
Ҳһαԣûʺ˻ûãݺ࣬һٽ˶˹⡣
˿һԿŵ̨ʿһһҸ涼˲٣ȥܣҲֻǼɸȾ˷纮ҲڣܴȫʤĶˡ
ʿվ̨ϿһȦЩɻôδȥĶ֣ȥһλ֣ģֶǲס˵òˡ
ܿ쿪ʼһӽȴѵǿ֡
ɫ¶˲ãһûã֪Լ÷࣬Ϊȴһ浱̫ˣһýˡ
ֱϳʿʼС
ʺЩŵؿ䳡ʿǽսˣӦռȥϷ磬ֻҪӮ±䣬ڻºӡ
ҶսЩʿǿΪԼս٣Ӯ£ͬȥһǱýڽڰˡ
ҽҧأһղһգȴδʹг̳еλȴųƺΪʮĻѰ֧֡
һõСƨԲԼĻλڻʵǰЩɼˡ
佫еļ϶һȥѸײڶ֮ƣʿ
ʿһ㶣ͣˣսЩȥλִú죬ȴǺȤ㱻˿յ޷ٴȥҲûʲôȤԣ㹰˹֣ˡ
һֱһĻʺ˿ƺܿӮòôʣӮˣɫҲЩҲ˿ûа־ޣֻǵص˵ͷ
ʹ߼״Ҳ̫ʿǰӮòѴ֮ˣҲǸʵһˣЦǺǵص˲űʮӺǣǽ˾尡
ʹ߹ˡ
֪ʮӵ¿лˣǹƼӢ½ǻһġ
Ǳǰı⣬ѵʻ䣬ܹٽã֮ǰҲ볯ͨţ۲δش
һ˲δ𣬻ʺһǿϧˣ仹δл䣬Ǽһλջ겻ģ˵Ц
һɵʣŶλ丮ϵǧ޿ɵҰѰѹء
ػϣ´˸λҲǲġ
°䣿޼ǵϣһλǧǣ
ʺ˵ͷλ
ʺǴǰȸ˵˵͢Ԫ߻˾ܴܿͻ¼ߣҲû˾ܾˡ
üͷһ壬ںʱʶģ˵ǰЩӣ°ڽΪŮ˰
ף
ϯɢ󣬻ʺɫһػصԼУԼĸԸǱô£͢Ԫǰǲǲŵô̶̼ŮӾͶˡ
ĸҲǸյ֪Ϣæֵ̿ػʺҲǽ糯ʱ´һλ˵ģ˵λ¹ڴѩǰһȥ˽ϣԼһλˣţ´˺ͷ˵ִʱᱻײ˸ţŮ⣬ǲ׺ճżææףҪ븮Ϊ
ʺһĨİĺͻȻðĻȥ飡
ʮĻǱѾ˼֧֣ڹʮӵܵӰ졣
һҪʲôĺ¡
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39 
ʱ, ڽ϶׺¼ұܿˡ
Ϸ·ϣѰıˮ·, ˮϴֻҡ, ʱеʣƫƫˮ·Ҫʮ, ÿˮ·֮ʱ, ڴ֮С
һ˯öˣϱЩ˯, һնҹߵ, ҹźֲ뽫Ѿ˯˽ѡ
ҹЩͷεһ˳úӿһҪŻµĸо, ѹȥȴǾòԼˮ
˿̾ЩʹԼǰÿ궼ھǺͽϣΪη, ֻԸ֪Ϊա
͸Ӳ̹˼֣豭ͷҪһ
պһ, һһȲֱǺɤ, ʱʣµĴ뱭, ֳһԵԲҿ
ȿȿȡ
һ˲, źıƿ, ǰŹһͦӰæ룺ô
£һ˳һ£һ̧ͷôԼУ㶵صɴۣҹģ㡢ô⣿
ǰסţ䵽һصĲˮϣŷӦֻǱˮǺˣǷʲô£Ż˿⼸ղҹûչˡ
һ㶣˺һᣬ֮ǣҹҹڴ
ǰҹˣҲֻЩƵۣȥһ˯ȥΰѼʲôֺʲôҲû
ӦԼ˯Ժ˰ɣҹҹ⣬ҹкҪ³ڴ⣬ڵĶ
ţ￪ʵҹˮϳʲô£ô㻹δȥϢ
Ĭһ˲۵Щε飬ƼһֹģüۼɻֱԵ£רǰҹҪչˡ
һʶ߬Լȹڣ̧ۿ߾һ˿˿ġϲ
ԼĴˣüۼҲЩϲɫСһ䣺ѾˣҪҹ
ɷ򡣡һһֲһ䣬δġ
۾СǼٶף׵ģ
ɫһǰ벽Ӿֱƽʹ˲δഥȴʱо˶ĸ£дϵﱦҿ𣿡
㻽ңһﱦʱˡ
ߵϢΧСĴ֮У޿ɱܵԺе£ü˴ཻҹ
ǲĻʱȾ˺ΣҲԾֵĸоʶ˿΢΢˰벽źȴߵİϣδҪˤ֫ȴȻֱһԭ˿Щľ룬һ±һ
ﱻͻĶŵúͣһ˲ع㷢Լʶ˫ֱʵı۰ϡ
ͷһˣﵹЩңüͷŤŤӵҲδҪˤվȡ
ڼʵϣһŤ˲ȴδɿﱦҲˤֻ뱧㡣
۾ûĿŵҪռˣ̹˵˳
˵ʲôݻſȴһɤôˣҲֻûʲôСڸڵĴգҹУǽƼˣǵôȲɣУ˵˲㻽ҡ
⸱ģǴһĨЦԾȾ˼ƣ˻Ƶͳ˯ˣ֪ģƺҲүҸһĵģΪβ㻽
ǡղ˵ɡɻ㡭
֫ϵƴŽԺӵȶȣ˸úܽЩ̧ͷȥ۾΢΢ͷһ뵽ǰƵĻԼﱦһʱҲ֪Լֹһˣ˵棬Сˡ
ؿŻеŮһֻֻ̽ȥ̧°ͣһȾźεĽӳףɤЦտԴЩʧ룬ﱦӦһĳƺ𣿡
˼һƣҽ͵ҡʧûУ
־ԼЩãԵһҲ̹ϣջСϵֻǾЩְˡ
ָСɵ°͹⻬ϸ̧ۣͷŮûߴǰƿֻôżӿ⸱ģУֻбͽӣ˼֡
ĴָḧĴϴεļǳǵһһӿǵܰ㣬̰Ĩ֪ĻӦС

ˣﱦ𣿡
һϴ㣬˵ȴѹûشĻᣬɷ˵㽫ȥ
һѧˣ䣬æ̵ֱ̧֣סԼĴ۵ԡ
ȣһ˲ȴסֱﱦ㲻׽ģ𣿡
ǡǲᡣﲻѵˣĵ׵ǲģʵشˡ
Ƭֱ̣Ĵֱ㽫ĿͷĶͷ˼ҪϣȴʵȻᣬΪβԣ
ܵƣߵͨ죬ӦҪƿģȴʵһԼ֣ҲԽԽ
Ժû˼Ĵ𰸣Ҳֻ΢ŵˣ۸ҡ
֪СԴ﾿ʲôƺ˵۸δ۸ǽģ˻
ͷĴһ£䣬ѾյԲСɵĶԣͶƵĵ۸𣿡
˺ϢĶϣһ£յøʵʵ۸
ﱦ˵ʲô
ӵʹŰƵɤȫ˼ܵıһ𣬾һķһ㣬ģﲻᣬҲ£̰ǡ
ǣȺʹһεǼҵЩнӲϾɷϵǣԼҲУϲ
֪Լɤжôƻˣ㻽ﱦôһ˲䣬Լһϲġ
ڻرЩйĸ뷨ڣȴ޷˵ԼΪЩڣ
һ㣬Ǻܶ㡣
̧ӣӳĶӰܸܵ⣬ҲԼ
ӵ֮ʣЩ鲻Խص˫֣Ծʸļ໥Ϣǽղһ飬ʱǱȾһ㣬ɤЩζĵƣ֮Ӧ۸ңұͬ׽һЩ
˵꣬ûˣ˵߳ܵĻǴӦˡ
˼һμҲǣ۽΢һ˲ԼеڴЩ
һ˲Ȼսɫһ䣬ʶס˻еˣŨɢȥʱһĨﱦˡ
л˵
Ӧþͻ
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40 
ͻıʱ
Ȼ˵Ц, ܿҲ⴫죬OO@@ڼžҹмΪ
˴ǽȥݵˮ·ж, ҹɻᾭǳмһ˻ͷ, ͷһϵʱϻ, ҹʱ, ·ǳͨ貢ֻġ
⼸ҹѲҹˮҲ϶Ϣһ, ʱ˿ҵĴ, ˯ˣǴģ
ŵס½ǣְﱦڴ, 
˵գתӴԵСݵط˳ȥֻһˡ
ûãһȭ, ˿Գ˯ˣȴʮ
ˣʲôҹҪ͵ϮǵĴֻ, ǳ
ԺѸ˼ţǰδͬһؾ, ĸؾ·Ҳƽ˾, Щ˾Ͳǳ¼ġ

ʶЩǳ, ʱһӺϮ
춯, ȫû취ȻֻһˣԷ˲֪жˣһܵеù
Ҫ˽
ܿҡҡͷǲ֪ܽģǽиĸ֪ˣֻӸӣӦǹˡ
һ˲ͣϢһϣ˼࣬æ˷š
һֻװϺźüˣվм䣬ǽ鷳
ͷˣæǰסţΣա
һܿżѪζŷɫѪһƬʪȴæס֣ˣ죬ݣҰ㿴
ﱦڵңüۣŵսδԼˣ˿̱ｫֱУŸо˿ڴĴʹ
üͷǵĵģ
΢΢תͷŵˣȽЩ˴
˵ͷŵĴ£ϵҲιȥ˲δЩȥЩˣ̧ӽˮ㸺𽫼װϵĺۼ
ʹЩۻѪе£Ҳ˿ҷ̫ɻЩȻҪǰ֪վһݵģɹȻ˲Żȥ˵Ҳйء
ΪӣȻЩ˼ӺǱĴڶЩв
ǻʺ
ܿһ㣬Ӷգʹﲢô˽£Ҳ֪ʺϥµʮһҪ̳лλʺ¼ҵԭҲڴˡ
˵ѲɹѾ֪ټʱǴǳΣա
ţתͷȴŵһͻȻ˶
ˣŵһȥ
ͨ
ˮĶȫڸȥʱɴۣ˼һӦСģ
͵سķȥӵ˳ŵذֱؾҪѸٻײžͽƿ
һ󱳴ĿŤĴʹƤʱܵüͷһĻС
ҪֵĴ̿˲䱻סֱϵļⶼŭͱ۵׳Ĺһɱ˵һ㣬ŵ˶ʱӲ
ʹ֮жȹˣӲϢһҲûܺ
ӺȻգ˱ᱧһѱʹ֮뵽ֱ۵ˣæˣԼߡ
ĽǶȣܿߣɫֱȴ§ɫ΢΢ţʲô촽΢΢һ˲ջ죬ʲôҲû˵
ŴʹкŻƽϢǸоҲδ˵̫أֻǱϾǵڻˣҲ̫š
һתͷȴһٴаģųΣʱҲ
ϣתеĹóҩ䣬ϵѪ̣ȴϾ˼һ̶ʱ˻ưﱦ𣿡
ǲôˣһʣӿϼίõĹĺϧ
﷢Լʱûǰǿʵǰ֮ʣܹ˱صĶУǰıҸǽ
ʹУһ˽˳ӻȣߣİȫУ뿴۶ӡ
ʹǰΣƺҲ£һҲ뻤
ϲ
룬Լ棬ֻһϲ
ҡҡͷۡ
ԣɫȴδתؿһŻҩ
Ƶɤųص̽ȥ½ʱҲδ˲ʵͻһʱЩӿ죬ȥ£¶ڴҹУȴһ˿⡣
˲ӡ۰ļͷȴʮִۡ
Ŵжݣ˿ҩĶжᣬҩմ˿ڣһʹǽһ˲ӣΪҪ
ʹذ״ҲνΪƫƫ˵
ﴹδ飬ȴŨŨĬһ˲ο㣬룬ǰȥˣûµģֻһСˣûкۣܿͻõġ
ĬһϤĽ˿ڴ󣬵㲻Ϊ𣿡
һ㶣ûֱӽ˳ڡ
ʵδ˵ҲѲµδ֪ݣһͨūͻȻ̿͡
һֱ¸ݣ֪¼ȥ̽·ȴһֱδʹ
֪ݲʲô£ֻ鷳£Ȳ֪Ҳ¼֪ݣɽһ޷ȥأΣķս˵ˣ´β֪кεΣջȻ١
δע֮ʱȥ룬뵽ǰԣʹ̡
ǿ󣬻޷ȫıӻֻؾˮһսܵĿ򱶷ĳĹ£Ȼ˸ı䡣
иңԶڰģܺ޹˼ɵرӵڻУܰѡ
Ļͷ뿪𣿡
Ȼδ˵ڣȴһ˿ڣĬȻȴ̶㻹𣿡
ᣬһᡣûаԥһӵסļӵѪ֮Уȴֹ˼ƣС䱦һ㡣
ٴνͷתȥ֪ΪΣͻȻһһֱΪЩξܽԼǰܵĿѣĸı䣬һҲ˸ı䣬ΪЩı䣬Ӱ쵽ԭˡ
Ҫ뿪ɣҪȥ飬ֻҪ
ţҵ㡣
䣬¶ļһĨ̵Ϣͷ΢һ˲Ĵļ磬΢ëӵļӿϼ¶
ǴĵŨҵȴ飬ļϣ˫һ͵ǻ֮С
㶻ͷһ˫ŨҳȵﵹӳӰϴȴ֣صɤﱦҺܰ㡣
һ˲ܿ죬ɶǴЦʢһ
ȵϢһҡҷӳϣӳճӰӲһ
ֱĶͷ̴΢ĵ׵⣺룬Ҳǡ
󣬱˫Ű˫


41 
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͢Ԫ, ＸҪʮ˴ʺһ, ¸Ҳսս, 벻ѻ
ʧһ, ﲢδʲôˮ·ɫҲ𽥺ʱ㶵ؿһĸȴһҲûС
ֻЩ
̶һ¼, ¼һ˻δִﾩǣȴоǵı䶯С
ŻͻһԲԭƻĴ֮ʵϯҲʱȡˣϲأĵ, ַ̫࣬ӣ֮λδжᡣ
һ, иɵ𽥸ˮ档
Ȼʱдų, 빬õ߻ͻȻع, ʱ˴߻ڹ, ͻȻĻ, ˹һ㣬ŵòᡣ
¼ҵִﾩǺǳгֶ͢ԪÿæüûʱżңͷķԷԽԽңҲɵЩ
ͻȻعλӣһ֪ƽ£ȴֵܷ粻Ļʹе档
գůĽգȴƣһͬȹ
ĸŮһ˵໰Сʱ򣬵
һΡ
УŷƸص¸¹ڱͦλӸλ
ڳۼݱϥµʮĻӵ˵λʮĻףȨȨ㳯ҰҲԼصߡ
ǴеĳٴγǰһΧһɬشͷǸĸĻ¡
ԭ׮µģ޸Ϊķˡ
УǵĻ쳣ʢ󣬼ȫµ˶֪ˣǸһʳˣȢİŮˡ
ȥĸķǰ֪Ĺȥ
ɥĸ㱻Ϊ֮곯ۼΪ谮ĸȴĽȥеȫһеӤϡ
㲻ó裬ʵ۵Įӣ˵ĿᣬڹıΪԼֻҪܳͷأʰ˶ء
СС͵߻ӳո¶ͷ֮ʣȴҲɱ֮
УֻҪΪв֮ˣᱻȨûпɽûбӻ˵жҹ£Σķ
ֱſڹǽ˻ʺ´
ѺԼĴͷһ֧һ͸죬Σյ΢㡣
ʧؿŵĴ峿У˭˯֮ʣȻ֧
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һֱǵ뿪ǰ֪һһƽѾˣܿ׶飬ӭȢš
Ȩ֮Ҳݸ߸ףЩʲô֪һսԭص
͢Ԫ֪º󣬳˼Ƭ̲Żڣǰȷдųƹе߻ˣѰҽΪҽΣ߻Ӿδ߻ӲĴţʧ֮ʣ߻ӹ˻ʹ˵пλ߻ӣε֪µģ
ﴹͷЩŵؽ˽ָһʱҲ֪úȥ߸Լ֪һУ˵ЩμģδҲ̫ˡ
͢ԪҲδ׷ʣֻֻ˸ʵΪվ߻һ𣿡
ܿ˵ͷѶף¼ҵˣŮδķŮŮⱲӣ϶ˡ
̹Ȼ͢ԪǰԼĸ飬Щ˼̧ʱ۵ǶݸᶨƵ
߻ӽ乬˳ڻϲ֮ʣֽнһ飬пҪˡ
Ȼ鶼һ㣬ĿǽϥµʮĻӷλǻʺǱȻҲưոݡ
븸̸۹ºǰȥҵǰɱǶ֤˷ޣѹʺһɵҪȲµس
̫ξˣ̰Ⱥգ͸õõӦеĳʹǰǼΪ̫ξһճﲻٽ·
ڴʱ˹ؼʱΪ·ģ̫ξȻ⵽ӦеıӦ
ĴУｫǶ֤˷ްϼӱǿУ֪ԭ̫ξǱһֱǵĶвǡ
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͢Ԫ̫ξ֤һٽС
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ַʽȻȥ͵ġ
յҹĴӹѵһЩ־Ժһ˲Ѿغһڣ̽˵ܡҺȿˮ𣿡
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þȫĴƬƬĵľʹ˼¯˴룬Ѿ߻δع֮ʣĴƬϸѸֱۻסѾߵĲŵĺݺݵһ
ѪӿѾ߽вŵ˿ڣҩδˣأҲ֪ԼסûÿĴһԾ˳ȥ
Сһ 飬ߵϹ䣬˷˺üȦֻȫ¶Ҫһ㣬ʹҲɢڵҩԣҲ˲ô࣬춯ȥ˴ƬȾܡ
ǰŸҩ㾡ٰܵΧ˶ע⣬ܵĻᣬϳ˺ͬе˺ܿע⵽ڵĶ
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ԽԽһģҲ֧ŲסԼһҪȥһͱ˽§˻
ϤϢʵ̵ţǿֱ۽ס
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ǳڻþһ, ݵسǰûټ
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¸ͷöһĪչ֮, ȴֱϢ˻
գĴѰټϽǳûмȴֵ
͢ԪΪǱɵ, ˺۲˵־ҲЩˣ˼ɼ˻þ
ɺܿ죬г䣬һжμǰ, ʵۼݱ߻ͬʮĻӵǻʺǲӲ, Ϊ׼á
ͷδü֣һ˴ֲĴɱ, Ŀŵط˻ʹ֮С
˭Ҳδ뵽, ߻ӻ˴, ˿˼еİӿ, ɱɱˡ
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ʺ󾪿ֵصɴֹۣסزţɢͷͷķ͵ڵأϴѪۣ·ƺۣǱ֮ǰ߸Ӻݻģ
ʺ̣֪֮˭Ϊףȴ˸԰֣һʱ֮·󳼽ɤۣΨԼЩ֤߻ӵֶݶްԡ
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ʮĻӵǻ֮߻ӱλӸλȨһ³൳͢췭ظȷѪ꣬ʵȴǴΪ²
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ڳеΪţǰ㣬һӦȥĸλš
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δμҲδһȻֱӴƸ
ǰԺУſ׵ʿԺΧ˸СæµŽһƸ̧¸̽ͷ⿴ȥ۾ɵԲԲģھ̾δ꣬жٰ
ЩؿԺһƸ񣬶ǸĸŻµ
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Լɽػһһжòһˣ̶̰䡣
תͷǷĲϣƺˣݴżƣ۵׵ɫú档
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ϲͷΣﶥűͷصķڣźͷӳ²˻Ρ
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죬ַǷһ·ڴ˿̻ԲĽ֡
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һЦЩŹ֣ӣƺʲôصòҲģⲻҹĶҹ͵ö
գգۣԣԵ𣿿ϲ˵˿̲ҳԶġ
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ҵأԶӽϴģɵúúллҡҾų˲µĿҹûٽܿ࣬⣬׼ҹѡ
Цһȴģʲôܿ࣬ʲôѡ
ﴹۿеԲУ˺һŷӦ͵صɴ۵㡭˵ǣǸǸ𣿣
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᲻ڴ˾ⲻæԲд򿪣Ҫĵ㽲Ϊ࣬Ƿ֮Ůͷһз֮ʱܻʹᵽеĻ䡣
ȵģԽ˵ԽֱףֱҪȥˣᣬ˵ˣⶼʲôʲôҲ̫ˣ˵ˡ
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˵ɲҲûʲôÿô졣
е˼ԽңֱԼˣסˡ
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