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£˽˵ǺģϾʱ˳ʵںÿһб£ҲǸɾˡ
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ڣ˺ܶ顣
ؾԼСӺƱ˸ģ
뾩ǰļǵãСӿ޵жģ֣һֱڿ۲ᣬ޵˫Ŀͨ졣
ּܻؾûڣԺӣ˳Ц
һ꣬ڼˤ
Լӣ˼뵽ֿѵһʱúе
Ȼ󰮰ĹԣһһģճŮҲվġ
ݱǩ ͢ ֮ ɳ
ؼ֣ǣ  ǣ  
һ仰飺ζ
⣺澳ҲҪǿĪҪԼ


1 

չǾӭ˳ѩһҹĹ浽ǺĻѩ紵֦ɳɳ졣
ڣǾӣɾҪ֪Ҵҵģʱ򶼻һǮⶬˣǮҲˡ
ɵѩʱʱ̧ͷһԵ˵䣬ټĸۡҲֻڣҲ⸮ĵˣŸеһ
ӳɺǹٺȥ£߰ˡ
ǰûʵ۴ͻ飬򸾶˲Żһأɻһ뿪˾ǣûһء
ǹԺµһԺӣԴӼ޹󣬳סݸݻ£һ۵Ķֵơ
ˣƽȥʱʹͣҪŻȥСү
ѾߴվһԣͭǰˣĽѣС㲻ãҲã֬üĿ续һ˫ÿϧǹү⼸궼ڣҪ޶˻ôء
ԿһѾƽͨƽĸֿϺõİǶģҪҲμֶӵģҲܺʸСֶӡ
֮ǰùܼ׼Ķ׼˰ɣ
˷ģˣжȥ깬ʹͣȫϺõƽū澰ķԸɫĶʮƥأġ
á
ɩӶһֱ⼸꾭ңҲ֪ɩԼɻ黹ûأˣÿһÿζһɲİ˸֣һжãҪ
ôĹƽҲһˣڣʱҲùµ
žеԼóɫĿ֬һͿĨȥʼۣ֬Ƭ̣žױݾµӣ΢΢һЦѡӵʱǰʱ乬͵ĺ챦ʯӣʯʣҫۡ
ѡͬɫϵĴɫȹȹϵĻýģϽװˡ
˳ɻ󣬴綼ҪģڴĹŲڣҲҶˣⶼǴĻ󷽣źСѾߣԾĿۡ
ˣ׼ˣʱҲˡ
ܼϹϾ˵˵ͷѾߵĲ³š
һƷ飬ĸǿлʼѪԪڣںԺְҲǰ;ҲףżҾ͸˵ˡ
ǴӾһսպգر߽ʮ꣬δܹǰտеսǷͲ󣬸ǲС
һɹñȹһЩﶼʱʱĹʹÿζЩŶ棬鱦ֻ಻١
ǰʱ仹˸һƷھҲ⾩ھˣϣ˴ǰ飬úܺãΨһźľǷߣҲûӡ
ˣѾ׼ˣȽȥϢˣ䡣
ϸϱӭͣ粻ϣ˼㴩Ŵ멣ҲЩ䣬ϼŮǰϸһŮ֮ǰʱ࣬ˣ˲٣Ů۾Ӷ࣬ôһˣΪպǺӡ
˭֪һߣ궼δҡ
ϲϲɩˡ
ɩҲˣŮ˫ȫҲǷĵΪǸˣɩҲۿɼĿģüǳһҲˣ˿Ҳϲ
Ѿ񣬳Žȥ˲٣Ժ̸Ĺ󸾣һȥȺеĽ֮һ
е˰ããúã޵Ҳðľھ
һ¸˿ųЩ˵
ǿɲһûӣүҲ֪ʲôʱŷ⣬˭֪˵үŮģҲǹһˡ
Ҳǡ
¸˵Ծѹ
ǹ󸾣ʮа˸Ľûϱìܣɷ⣬ҲǳĽԺãӷˣĹˣҲھ˹ĻʺǸܸȰ
ͽᣬϸŸ˵Ҳ˿ڱ˵ЩģЩ⼸Ҳ˲٣ϰˡ
Լӱˣôں˸
ùá
Ӧ꽻һ󣬳սݣһ룬һ۷۵СѾͷ˽˫٣ŷɫȹƤѩףһ˫۾ģ۰
֪ŮҲ֪䣬һڰʮ̿裬ůģ˴멣СѾͷڻ
۶ùˡ
ԼСֶŮһֱǵŮһ۰ġ
ùҲˡ
˵ЦŴóһʽµСɰݸСֶŮǰʱģŻСֶŮģȻҲĽԪġ
ллùá
СѾͷźɰЦĺϲ£죬ϲɰˣǸ¼ҹϵõģ֪¼СС㲻ϲΣֻϲµСɰ
ż⣬Լҹùһڣﻹ̵ġ
˵ֶŮùã⻰ǿյģСѾͷüֱһģһ߳ȥ˵ĸŮû˲š
֪ȥ·ȥһҪϯˣù˵˵
ҲңǼеմŮһӦüϸƤѩףճºТ˳ţլڻ¡
Ҫ˵֮ǰΪûӶȡЦǶ졣
СѾͷߺ󣬹ɩ˱һϡ
һͿˣó׼˺üϲĲˣԵġ
ΪɩӣҲã濴˵һػѲ࣬񶼼ǵø÷ŵһ죬ǰ޵жңж
лɩɩɩɩŮ˫ȫҲҪúñӡ
ģһģҲҪעӣҪźá
뵽ԼɩɩԼ۵񣬳񶼾ΣʱŸճף֪ɻûյķҪߣҲ֪ʲôʱܣĸǰӲΣǿ޵Ļ
ֻ£ûôˡ
ˣҲˣټļһЩµҲڣûµʱǰеļƣľҲûôѹ
ŵҲûʲôìܣ⼸⣬սҲˣ˶ﰵŮӣûչϲ˵ˡ
籥ʫ飬ԴɩҲãɺԺҵģǸģûгޡ
á
ճֶǳ¼ҵĳϯģǲ˵ŻûһᣬյĹˣЩ⣬ǰ˼޻˵ɻľ͵
񡣡

յһյĵķ֬Ϳúܺ˿ҲûʲôϵЦݿҲǿԴӳ޺󣬺ٳŽʡ
û°ɣ
û£ˣϲģԵ㡣
źѣֹǰѼ˵ڵĻȥҲ֪ѻܲ˳޸¿ƽʿΪϧַԴ˹Ϳʼи
˶֮꣬һòʲôûУԺҵһѡ
ǵͼޣòҲûҪίԼ
֪ģдġ
ӣǿᣬ겻˸ĸɩҲǳ˿ͷʱˣ˳÷ӡ
ҪҰæģң֪ģڼҲû¡
á
жĥˣ޺󣬳żи֪ѹŮͷϵĵһɽξɷ򣬹ɷ˼ңϱ˸ˡ
л˵
ˣոϲıղء
Ԥ  
ˮĹò绨񻣬Ǻ󣬼޸÷ھʯͷҸ
ʯͷ˸󣬶Ǽõģϧ٣һɽԵ;УҰϮһӳ˹Ѹ޷ӣʮЩåɧš
˱ʣԸ䣬˻Ǹˣһʮĺ
ҴĶˣСѧͯۿǰ;ãϧһ׵ĵ
ƭǮʿԣ˵ӿԼ鷢ˣԼҲûˣ༸Ӷúá
ȷ飬ȥֱȳףȢ˰֣Уȫҵи֮ˡ
ǰزʶ󣬲ϲ˴ˣҲû˵ζİֺȻһ췢֣Լе㲻̫԰
ϲıȥרղһ°Ὺġ


2 
ʱ߽ĳǳפ߽ªӪڣҽڸ˿ڣоҹͻϮҪݣǼʱ֣ɹ˵о
Ѿ붬ˣⶬչƸһĽֻԽԽ࣬＾ԭǴ󺵣ϰΪŸ첲ϵѪӣʼյҩʱһԡ
ˣмǲˮ
λ߹սպյү߾ľʮ־尮
Ե˵ͷδ˵
ҽһʰҩ䣬λݿʣһүﲻɵøӾˣҲ⣬Ϊ˾λմӾõʿҲᰤһӣһµİɫ£ӶѪȾˡ
˵һӲܵˣܾһʿǺֵġ
˵޴󰭣Ҳ˲Ѫ⼸նЩӡ
ȥ󣬾ҽӪ⣬һֱչʳӵС쿪ڵ
á
תȥ˳ǴӹģһֱչʳޱȵϤ
ϴӵʱܿ˿СģǴǰǲôע⣬²һˣѾˣмҵˣ㲻ΪԼ룬ҲΪ룬ܲľûָ
ĸҲھǣر߽Ҫְӹһǳ˵ΣܵھǣҪλҲġ
ү
ʱһζѾϴԼ ·еĺʵϲˮҲ˲Ѫ˼Ƭ̣Ƕһ
иţ
ûУүͷӦûڽء
˵ͷݸ졣
ʱˣȥϢɡ
߾شߣ챾ͺڵ磬Ϊ˵Уǽÿ궼ڼӹ̣ڴϣ뵽ĸԾ̾˿ԼھԺ˼ңеҲֻԼ֪游ʼжҪСϰ䣬һ;Ϳʼر߽ҫսʢ
Ҳд۵ģǾǲܸžۣСû׼ΣĸǰԹ˺ӹҲ
ڣ̿յĺڴı۾
ʱǹڣμҵĳӹܼе˱֮˵ͷ
Сѧϰܼ֮Ҳ֪ʩõķӣÿ껻ҪʹˣҲеģ⼸¼ׯճɶƴĽǲ١
˵Ǯÿ궼һЩ
ٷˣһ¾˷Ǯ
á
ڣССļҶѾӼٶˣǮһǿ϶ģ³Ǹһˡ
ѾСİųжױѬ׼˯ǰĹ
ƣóЩźǸ
ͻȻڵԼҼҪԼһ㣬ݣǲ졣
á
ůʵıϤζĽ㡣
ݸڣһԺһķ壬ʱʱĴǵЦ
˵ˣӮˣһؾǿϱȥ
˵ĸϣ˵꣬ĲƤ𪣬ɣ⻰һӮҲĸײԾüͷ
ӺõúܣƽҲûͨţõȥ
۳ǸдţЩĶҲ֪ϱڵӾӣתۼ˶ɻüˣҲιˣ⼸Ӯһֱһ
ټĹڣͶϱһ󣬿˽϶Ҳǹ¼ŵĺܣҲû
أҸһؾզھǶסһʱ䣬ðϱȥǸ𣿡
Ӯ˵꣬ӵϷ»ǳһӣЦϿһ˵ͷҲöϱȥҲ˵ҲܱˣһһصĹƵô꣬ûϵ⼸Ҳ˶䣬ҲԲˡ
ǿӡ
ӮԲδ˵Ҳû취飬ĸףԼģһûκΰ취ҫҪģǼһֱǵ
պȥ鿼ƾ٣;
ӮЦЦӲδ˵ⶼպ飬Ҳ˵׼ǶϱܶӣǾܺһˣҲһ㡣
䣬Ҳڹ˺üģҲ˫ȫǶӣҲǶӣǲܲμӿƿʮ˾Ӫ
ҹˣ޶˲齣żնǴѩҲδţһЩҪҲˡ
С㣬겻֪ү᲻
⻰һһ㶣뵽ÿͻļ飬ǰ˸ԾĴ֣һжãҪ
֪ɡ
תۼ䣬޷Ѿˣǲ£Ҳ֪ʱǱ߾ʱ򣬱Щʳսվһء
ū˵Ͻҵ˼֮꣬үر߾ͺˣ֮ǰҲ佫
֪ԼѾԼԲδ˵ҶӹƹҲȥ߾ܻܲؾǲԤϵģʵ۲ڱ߾Ȩβܡ
ôܸɣ꣬δ̣ڱ߾ʵҲİ߾ոİҲһͻģҶ䣬ɲȥǱߣûշģʵһʼҲίεģҪʱġ
ر߾һؽʮ꣬뱲ˣҲΪʮа˾ŵøһ
뵽ﲻԾ̾˿
ڶ䣬ȻˣԴӳɻûǰˣﻹһϻӣˡ
Ҫиˣˡ
˾ͺãЩţҲûӣںҲãҴӦ𣿡
˵Ծ̾˿ǺڵĳӶˣɻ׺ѣһӶֵú˱ˣֶŮպ󶼲ûˣǺ룬ΪҲǽʾ֭ôһӡ
ģǿ϶ӦģĸͼҲҵЩױˣլĸ׸ҵޣһ֪Լͬ룬Ҳа취ͬ⡣
뵽ԼɷɩãʮĺҲа취ǣɼףѣԹŲģպǰ˱ԼļױˣҲڸûĵɷ;
ЩҰպˣ㶼Ҫɡ
лл㣬ĺڣڵûǵĻ
ˣ˾ͺã˶ǰġ
պǷϵӣҲܡ
ãá
Ҳ㡣
ӣóһǷ񿴹֮˿¶˾ˣ׼ôȫҲãǵðһ㣬ҪǼҲɿڡ
ɷ涨ױŮӵ˽УҲǸӵģõûкӣһһӲ⼸ҲǿģǲڱǣҲֵȥִ˶ˣһؼҸԼ飬Ӱ쵽ֶŮ
һ⼸궼ǿԼļױԳԺȺȵģסĴլҲðģڼ޾ҲõģҲ϶ǿǲޣҲá
񣬻Ҫңţ˵ҴǰǷһǷҲдģҼױˣܵһ֣ʱ˰һҶϳȥլӵծҲˡ
źѵģǷˡ
լõ󣬾˰ɡ
á
ǮҲҪˣ͵Ǹıˣ֪㲻ȱǮҲҪ͵ǰұţҪˣԲ·ˣʱڸҲá
ԵͷӦˣҪĻǽһˡ
л˵
Ԥ  ˲õ  רɼ
һикң껹δףֱӳ˴Ц
ʮֱ뺷ţڵ֪Ůǹٷ˵󣬾ȫ֮ŮȫҶԺҶӦ
ĳգ֪ҪΣ겻󣬳࿡ʣ˼
ò׿ƾˣǸСطҲǸ٣δߣӴһͱҪҪв
֮£һֱָȥҼס
£ҳʮĹ˶˵ῡʣò˫ȫһ飬󰡣ҪϺˡ
ɻĺңЦݣ˸׳죬֪жź
һʼģǮ·ںԼġ
Ȼ󰮣Ůǰڹϵһ㣬վġ


3 
յĴָ壬һЩ̶ֱӹţ·˸ûԼļƻҲ˼õķˣǹĺ룬Щױһ붼òҲǼˡ
˵ʲôզЩضûˣլҲǵˣ
ȥ󣬰ռƻֱӸĸ̯ˣȻĸˡ
ĸҲ֪ҵﵱǲԸ⣬ЩױҴǰҹѽǮðģܹһȥˣ˼ҪǮûУֻܰЩظ˼ˣҪ˼Ҹ٣ʱզҲûǮҲûպô;
ĸԸ׺䶥һϣþһĲš
ɩ˵ʲô㲻˵ⶼĪҪƭǰ
СӺȻڵų޵ʱɩӸݼױأĸŶϱϱҲףôܶǽģĪڲƭǵģԼҹŮױˡ
լҵģǧЩؼܵҲֵǧ˼˵ˣվҪôǮҪôլӵծĸҪǲţվ͵ſɡ
˵˿תͳȥˡ
˵⼸û˭֪ʲôģҴɩҲǴҳ϶ڲƭǵģ뿪ǣТ˳ˣûĵģҲǴ
СӿԼףڶϱŮ֮䲻˵ſ϶Ůġ
ϻ˺ȵĶӡ
ĪҪ˵ⶼԼģҺأ
˵ĵĳŰ檵ԺȥˣӣŲɵģ뵽ԼҹŮ˵ģתݷ˯ȥˡ
һͷҪ޸ӣǣ˯ˣʰˡ
䣬ڸ˿ɿļҶͻһЩĸˣԸȥ˯ˡ
ڶһ磬˾ͳˣһҹδ˯⣬ؼʲôߵģԴõǸġ
ĸ˳ѣŽż˸Ļ˽һȺˣˣȥжӡ
ҸǣҶӿǹүٵģǸôǼңǳԲ˶ߡ
⻰ĸ˵ĵҲܲ㣬ҲˣɶԷ̫ˡ
Ϊ׵ԹЦó˽
ٵôˣپ͸ҽǮǲǮҾȥ٣䶼ʲô˼ңպڳ㡣
Ƭ̣͵ܵã֮ǰͶݶˣһ
ҹ
ΪӺ
ô°ˣǷôǮ
ˣ˵ģ˶ˣҲм١
ǷңҪ١
֮˲̱ڵأģּʶ뵽ʲôһֱӸ˺ˣΪ׵ӺȻЦˡ
ǿ֪ܲҰһˣǮʱдʮǷҪһ˺𣿡
ˣ޳ܣȻƭ顣
Կɫ԰׵ӵʶģ˵Ҳġ
ˣҹɣլӾ͵ծˣǻŲߣͱҲˣ˹ã֤ȷ䡣
Ϊ׵˵꣬˰˶˳ȥҲܺ÷ֱ棬ĺõľǣˣҪǮģҲߣЩ˶ðġ
ʹӱ󣬺ľͰ˶˳ȥŮͷϵλⶼжȥϵĴӾôק۵໽УҲû취Է˶࣬Ϻ˱޷ģûüʰô˳ȥһɫҰף޲ֱӳ
˿̣Ѿ΢΢ˡ
磬ô찡
СƣӦ˳ô
ô죿զסﰡǮ̫ˣҸطס°ɣﶳģ
վһԣþòֱ˵
ûǮ㿴ӣڹʱҾ͵ȥֵ˰
ô죿ѩصĿҪ˵ġ
ϱ£ҲˣȥҰɣ⻹ֶӺֶŮأСܶ
Ҳ֪ھ޿ģһµٺ»ӣԼģҿǱǼɶȥҲֻȥ
ҸĸϼңɩңҸҲǲ֪һǣɩӸǲǽȥġ
ô찡
ϱţɫܲãмأģܶˡ
뵽ĸɩԾ̾˿Ҳ֪ңû˴ܣʮңܵһңãͶıܶ˳·ͻȻ϶ûǮ
ĸֵ˽ͷʷ϶ʱλûС
˿̵һöûˣ˻ںޡ
иҪõͬզȥǼܶĸ׺ӣϽȥˣܲ޿ޣȻϽҪǮȥզЩլӶûҲʲô취ҪҪǮҲزȥҾ㣬ܼǣôȢأǵù
ֶһ뿪լԺ
˲ʱ䣬гЦģͲںЩװܿĨĨᣬת෴ĵطȥҪľЧ
תۼ䣬Ѿ
˵΢΢׼ĺǳ֣ûġ
ĸɩȥѾȥк
Һ͹ͶʮˣͬϵںãôҲϾһԾͲˣǼҸס£ǵٺ»ǳԲûˣ˵ƽִŵģ϶û
ǵùˣ˭֪ʲôʱܷأ˼ңҳû˴үҪ⼸꣬ôܸԼһһֱϲȥء
ˣδֱӽȥһԣ󿪿ڵͬ磬ھ٣Ҳ֪Ҽҵӱ㱻ڲƭҲʹҼҵҲ֪ҲĸֵܺӵˣôˣҼңҲǲܵġ
ؿźò˸ӣãòãôױźش;ǰЩͬǺĽģֻԼȢ磬㿷֮±˵壬ٳѻ죬ǵٺ»ⷿסֻܻ±ˡ
ԳĬԶһˣҲ֪Ƕйְɶ߰ƷС٣ƼľҲʲôһ¾Ͷӵٺ»ǿڰˡ
ĸûеܵܵϱֶӺǳƽȥɣ취ˡ
ЩǺصĹѪףǲܲǵģǳңϲģʱҲû취ˣ˻Ƕ˵ĺá
ͬ˿أ˼ͷӦˡ
ҲţϱҲ֪СֵϽȥҸطٺüˣһ컹ǿԵġ
Ե˵ͷֻˡ


4 
ĸ˵һ˼ЩͶıõܶȸȥҲû취ضûˣҲûУôҪҪȣҲûǮ
ЩнŵģԼıȥһҲСǮܴҪǺãһҪҲǹӵġ
ĸԵ˵ͷҲֻˡ
Щң޷ģҪȻǮģҪİ£ӿҪȥˡ
ĸҲû뵽һ紵̧ͷգģ壬ǰĺǻزȥˡ
δԼĸ˵ģҲ֪϶ʲôû
ȥ΢һȥֵʱɲڰѹְˣߺ󣬺ĸʼְӽˡ
ǲţһǵĺӾûˣƣ˳Ҳزǰˣʼֵģĸ֪Щ˻ϼң϶˵û
¹˼ɲôˣûԭЩׯӣͶӺһ¶ӵٺ»һھǾϸ㶼δعء
ֵˣҼ״оԣȻ˾͸ƵİȾܣĸԭָǻǮأ״Ĵ󺰣ʹˣǷͷܵ׷ϰ
СӾ͸˵ˣ⼸ԴȵģܶܲˣҲֻɺˡ
Ҫȥٸǡ
ĸǰ󺰣ͬӼˣ¶ãˣԼұ͹ýͰ͵ģֶ˲ҪҪȵģԼ˶ӦˣҲû취緹ӷܡ
ˮƵģܲҲڣĸŮǲԸһֱҪ࣬Լ⣬ռΡ
˿̣һڣһûһЩ¥żޱȰͳһλһ÷
ڿˣҰպͷˡ
˵һϵϲ֮ôҲסΪףຣһȾˡ
ҲûҺȾƣһϾͺȣ֪ˣҪġ
˿࣬ҲۿɼĿġ
ã޵ĻҲӰ쵽ҵֶŮȷܸ𣿡
а취£Ҿõ顣
˵΢΢Һãкýÿ԰æԿųǸм
á
г񣬼רĳͲ˵
ؼҵ鲻˵ܿʹˣһʱ֮䣬˶۷׷ףؾö֮ʣͬ۹⿴ţ˾ҲЦ
ùǸƭˣЩЦҲû취ǮǽװģôҵȥõģǼҴҵġ
ң˸£پƷʵֱֵӹȥˣĸ翴ɸûһ ˸ô˵δĺվûסƿڴ
֪ǣһһ˶أڵ֪ҲѲֵѹ⣬ʲôôòġ
ô죿ҵѹңҪȥզЩȥҪǮȥ
ǲȥҵġ
ͬźȻڵҲ֪ʮа˾ŲȥģҪȥˣҿɱǼǮˣ޳ȥŮóȥˮ񶼼ǵóɻϣûһȥģӣؼˣĸڣǱ߸ˡ
֣ҿҪˣ͸ûϵˣ밡ԼΪ˳ļױɻǰģûϵġ
ʲôֱޡ
ĸڵ
ｲǴŮģϱ͸˵ˣôһݵãǼŮҪҪˣȥҪޣޣ͸ϽǮЩˣզǼҵլӺӶûȻ룬˲Ҫˡ
ĸȻ˵ھס˼꣬Ҳ֪˼صľˣͲһֶŮĻҪ
ʱһʹǮǰûʱ룬ϳȥǮʱڸȢ޾ͺá
磬˵İɣƭ㣬̫ˣ˱˻ҿ˵ˣǴ˸ŮأѵŮպ޲ȥɡ
ǮƣĸҲ֪ܰ˵ˣֻҪҳǮǾͺ룬þգҲܹϴǰĺӣǮǮ˵ҲǸ⣬ǲԸ⣬ǾͲܹˡ
磬ǽʿɲܺͿ
ϱעɲܸһǮҲɿڣùĻǣһʱ˵ϣǾˣʱ϶ҪּҵģǱˡ
ǮզǶˣҲҪһģ⻹˹ĽˣйְϹãҪǰ;ûˡ
˵ﲻԾ̾˿û뵽һʱ򣬼췭ظ뵽޶ծĲС
㲻صģ˶²ֻҪȥֶŮ˵飬˿϶Ǯģ˵ⶼ¡
ĸӻûʱ򣬾͸СһҺ͹Ůˡ
оķңһ죬˿˵Ǵõ˵
֪ҶԲ㣬ǮҽģѾ˻ƣɱҺ밡
֪ʲôʱȻźص˵
˸Ǯˡ
˵ԾºһЩҲЩڴ
ûҸյҾͱ˳˵ǺؼҵˣûϵԼ׬ġ
㿪ʲôЦһҲ׬
ϱֱվɫ԰ס
뵽նԼޱ䵭Ĵ˸磬ϳҲͺˣҲһ˦ӣˤڵأͬļ˶ڣҲڿ֡
ȻǱ߲Ǯ͵ðծ˦ˣܵңǰ;δǱôһծʲôͷ
°ܻȻƭ飬ʵɶ⼸ûҺؼҵһŮΪТҵȻд飬߰ɡ
˵ĵľǰǳˡ
ܲҪҰ
׼ĺ㣬ʼˮ͸ߵƵģʮֿ
ȥֽȥ
Ѿ
ҪңңҾȥø㣬ծҵĻġ
Ȼվ⻰һĵ鷢ˣծ˶ˣǱӸˣΪױ飬Ǿ͸ˡ
ҲƽЩӳҲȥмǺˣҲһ㸾ˣҿǿ϶᲻ģҺ֣Ҳˣ㲻ҲڼްòӾڼޣ޸̼˼ҲѣǮ˸㻹ˣҺ֣Ҳȥˣαء
һԿϷĺͬźȻڵԿ޵ĸˡ
Ҳ룬Ҫҷһ𣬲롣
ĸĿǰȥһƣϱŲܶ϶ϱĵծ˺ؼͷϣ󲮸ûǰ;Сģɲĸƣһ󲮸类ˣպҲòȥ
˵һһǶûС


5 
ǾֻˣһαҪưҵһȰǸԷ֣԰ðɣãԺҲãҪǱˣû·Ҳһ⼸ҲЩֵġ
˼һᣬͷӦˣܱծԭޣǮɲСǮҪƶҲã˵һˣһǧʮĶδó
զǷԵ־͵ˣҸ飬ԼȢɣҲǼ޲ȥˣ㻹ҵС㣬ҲΪֶŮǲǣ֪˵ء
˵Щɶˣˣ֪˼ҵС㶼ںǳˣ֮ǰҲģܲĲ˼ֶŮ
ɻ鼸꣬δҵõκκôѾܲˣǷôİҲܣ϶ҪҪӿô
дһ˵飬ǩֻѺ˵ծԼģûϵ飬ҲǺþۺɢ
ǮУ㻹ܼޣ飬ɩҲǺùģҲѰ
˵Ծķ٣Ҫˣծ϶ܱҿ϶̫ܵݡ
޿ĿԺˣ￴Żвʣ˼һأǵͷˣһж˳ԤƵĻҪ죬ͬŶ˲Ծͷȥ
õǩֻѺϹõ˵󣬺غͺؼ˶˿ض˵д˺
Դ޹ϵ԰á
޿źˡ
ҲˣǽˣֵһѣҲܲܣĵͭǮųȥҸջȰٺüˣ۳ҲҪٺ»˺󻹸Ҿǡ
ͬźȻӳϱǰ뿪ڣֱӱ˻ȥ
һ˼ңʲô˵ģ벻ˡ
⻰һתˡ
лֵܣˮ֮ضӿȪ౨
Ǯ࣬ôסһʱĵ꣬һ»ǿԵģ˺غͬŲδŻȥȥһҲݡ
컹δڣСźǿġ
鷳ˡ
ڣźȲ裬ˣֱóһɰģͬŴһ۾ֱˣ֮󣬶ʮһֲ٣춥һٺ»ˡ
ھǣ棬ɬһ˶ǵٺ»Ҳ治ˣְͣҲûˮ̣֮˵ʹӦˡ
лС㣬һõġ
˴Ӧҵ顣
ģСĲǵġ
ؿһò黹У˲ЩͬǰҲֺģЩϷˣΪ˳ǻЩǮ£ؿϵõͬ⣬һжļƻС
ʵֱӰѺؼ˶ϳȥģûУĥ⼸꣬ˣҪǻŲʹ죬Ҳܣնڼ尾С
˺飬ؼҾ޹ϵҲЩ
˿̣ڣŸԼĶദ࣬ЩźͶŶⶼ
ÿͻŶǼֽÿΰ˸ֲ֪Ҫö١
С㣬⽭ϵĲˣĻϺõǰū澾͸ˡ
á
ڶһ磬ˣģ֪ˣ˺飬Ҳ˿
á
Щլ㶼˰ɣȥϼҿ⼸ҶԲǡ
뵱ôԸҲǸļױ⼸Է飬̱ţѾĻ䡣
һӵϼһĴĥʰǡ
һ𣿡

á
·˳ҲЩׯ̵ضζܲ˸ʾҪ˲٣ȥ󣬻СС׬һʡ
ĸˣ㿴ϲʲôΣϣ͵ˡ
õǮǴ󷽣ֱǧݸѡ
ˣֲʲô㿴ӣأŰɣõõɩ˰иҴ˻˵ǸȥҲǿԵģͷҲ͹ˣڼޡ
һͻȥǣȥ
Ӧõġ
źѵ֣ʱһʱ˽ȥôʹͳһõġ
˺ѣȥ˯ˡ
ʱʹڣʵۿ˱߾ţϣް
£ǽܶ½Ϻī飬ūŸĥһԡ
á
ʵ˵꣬ϵӵ˻˲ҷ
룬ֱȥټϽ׼дһݰ˰Ӽţ˴ȥˡ
ҲԼңҲ˶ٵġ
ڣżСѾһƣò죬䣬ҲˣҲľ͵óӦһˡ
ˣǳרŸÿţ⣬һ
һգһֵĿţ⣬ÿοɵ뵽ɻ죬һ춼û÷ϹʵڶòУȥ
֮ǰûԹ⿾ţ⣬֮ͬǣţⶼкõС飬ܺڣԼһ飬ʱ֪ô¿ڡ
ǿʱľȣֱÿӲ˽ȥݸ
ţҧųԾͺá
Ӫڳʳϻƽϣ˾ͳԣҲ˵뵽ʮͽ˾Ӫʮ걻ʵٻؾ˳ףǰӣȺòڣճΪǱࡣ
ʱòУſĳʱŴɫϲЦĿͷԵβ
һգ϶ţ⣬ζҲһֱû䣬ӳһڣǸϤζ
Լж˳׺һྴɪģϧԼжΨһһԼδ·ɲԼѡ
뵽ﲻԾ̾˿
սϣԣһ˺ֹۣȥ꣬˲˰ɡ
ƣЩӺȥ̺۵ҩү͹ȥ𣿡
뵽ͻȻڵ
΢΢һЦ󿪿ڵ͹ȥˣСģÿ궼ķԸ͵ģЩū澶ء
Ե˵ͷĵĺѵ飬û¡
ү⣬϶ҲǵǷ˵ģ·ͲҩȥүһƬģ϶ܸжġ
գգۣδ˵
ҹ߾֪ΪʧߣշתѲ⣬ʵ˯ţȥˡ
΢΢һЩʿȥ㣬м䳡ɵøˣ⺮䶬գѲߵʿͲڴţǱ߾߽죬˵ƽû⣬Ϻɺи
ºյ˾İ˰Ӽܼ֮Щ
ʵҪݲ룬Ƭ̲Щֿʼ߾ˣһս۽²ˣҲвܸɵģÿζԳսδɹ


6 
ͬЩ⣬ͻȻˣ⼸ڣҲڡ
ϱĸףĸװá
ɣһ˿ʲôҸ㸸Ҳˣͻˡ
һᣬų־ߣ϶Ц⡣
ûˣϱ޹࣬ɫҲδݣˣҲͷˡ
Ҹ˺öණһ㿴а
źͰףʮᣬһӶûУǺϲϵģֻǶϱǰԼŮһ㿴ģһ㶼ġ
ڿ϶Ҳģ´ʮǶҪμᣬһ꣬мڣǸоվǲһģҲڹһ
˵ʵĺܺãɷߣʮȫʮأѾܺˡ
Ͻڵõʵ۵ּ󣬻ȥС߾ȥͬʱд˺üţ߾ЩʶˣôҲеһԱЩϵЩ꣬Ҳû߻ʵҲԼڱߡġ
ܴˣκѧ沢޶裬Ⱥȥر߽˵Ļ㶪ʵҲˣҲûȥԼҳ
Сӳʱ͸ĺӲһȱӤҪ󣬴Сӿܴ󣬸䣬Ѿ˼Ľ̵䣬ߣڳһ󽫾ĻԻ͡
ʵ۵ȻҲֻҵȥƹҲ佫ͬǾЩ⣬Ҳ֮УȥĶˣ±߾󽫣⣬ˣɲƲӰ
֪Դ˲ԹԣӮԼҶӺŵģϺͳ񣬻ܻģѾڱ߽ʮʱˣˡ
밢
ڣ̿㣬ϱһ𣬱ߣͻȻôһ䣬뵽ԼҷԾĺ
ﶼǹˣһʱĻزȥɡ
ϿŶϱü۴Цô֪ܲϱôأЩ㵵ĿԼţˣſô죿ܵھǵġ
ҸػһʱĲˣ±ѩصģҲ䣬Ҳˣʱȥ϶Ҳ㣬ȹ꿪ˣůͣȥȥҲŻ
ų֣ȰӾȥ߽һһ̶ðʱ䣬ڿЦſԼĶӣ˲ˡ
ǰɻҲͷˣزȥĸװ˵ӵĻզǸ˵ϱסĲˣԼŮ
Ե˵ͷ»޶ȻãǷ޲ɷ檣ǼǵĸǸܺù϶š
˺ӣ϶ͲһˣȥˣҲСˣҲΪã⸻˼ңûվǲеġ
á
գǵͷӦˡ
ҽԡҪ㸸׽ȥʥʱһʺ˵ģھأģǰܿžˡ
лĸס
˵ʲôأһˡ
ûŮ˿̿Ŷϱﶼ۰˵ϱԼأʱļ֮񣬵ʱһ۾ͿС
׹ְͣĸǿлѪǱǺʹľʹӦˣ˻顣
ҹ䣬뵽һ֪ΪΣЩˣҲ֪ʲôˣţĽ㡣
Żǲ˯ĺһȥ밲ֱ緹˹ţݺҲû⣬㿪ʼԼѣµʱЩ߻Ҳôʱ䡣
˶ٷ˿á
һЦģСúãĿġ
Ѿͷ΢΢һЦ󿪿ڵҲСˣҲøˣпõˡ
ѾͷС꣬ĸȥɽ㣬ȥ磬ſڼһӤŷ𣬺Ѵƴظˣһ˼꣬꣬źˡ
Ѿͷźɵɵģزס˼ʵء
ٷ˵ʲôأū澻źһأ˵ġ
ҡͷ˵ģǳѾߣڸҲ˿ûмӣ˭ܺƣ˼С˶ȥˣûϵġ
ŮӶͶ̥ȻڴһɾɪӣҲòǻ˳⣬Щ꣬ʮֽڼ󣬸Լ˲ǮǲˣҲǹˡ
аɣпϵĸһ
ǡ
ӺŴ׺⣬˼оЩ˯ѾǷˣֱȥܹˡ
䣬Դӵ˻ʵ۵ź󣬸ĸϳˣʵܻؾǲܵġ
༸Ҳ֪Ҳսˣرֻ֣ҪõǲЩʳռǳء
źɫ멣űߵǹٵ滹½żˡ
ˣǰǿջˣɫˣզȥϢһ°ɡ
Ե˵ͷҲ˿ϺѩӣܻؾҲû߹ٵѰ·ŢߣʵЩѰ
ջڣʮ裬ʮůͣϰڹ̨ŹӣʱʱĺһεĶӡ
ﻨôǮ飬պ󿼲ϹϸƤ
⻰һʹ˽ȥѩصҲȻ⼸ˣŵĻɣΪ׵ӣ࿡ʣϰվ˲Цݣ˾͸үƵģЦı࿪ˡ
Ӽ״ƲƲ죬ͷΡ
λ͹٣Ҫסס찡ɷҪʳⰡʲôС
ϰֺǺǵǰӭӡ
һԵĲ˵Ҫһţ棬һȲ裬οڣһ
ͷ䣬Ҫŷ׼ˮһҪԡſι
ãã͹£ȥ׼
Ŵ粻ףԵȴһ㣬ҪסŷģϰҲǮҲе׬ġ
úϢһһ·
ǡ
ŶǮ˰ͳţ棿ҪƣҪ⣿
ƹһ棬һԵЩ⣬˶ҪȾƵģҪ⣬Щ˺Ȳ棬ʵؼŲ˰
ҪʲôʲôǿҪסŷģҹưµģúдɱˡ
ϰ뵽ӢӣŹڵţºúֶʢһף׻Сţ⡣
ڵţ棬⺮ĶһǺʡ
ү㰡
Ը·϶үǶţϰЦſڵǣǷã֮ǰھ¥ġ
Կʼ裬һڣԾĵ˵ͷһ˵һȷʵڵϵ׺лһڣˣţۡ
ϰ˴ã鲻ɵøˡ
л˵
հ


7 
Ա㣬ϴҲ㡣
ǣŻıԤĻҪһ㣬˯Ѻ󣬱һֱǣ˻ʱ춼ˣҲǴСĶ˵ǹʹͣϸۿɼĿġ
ģҸʺ˵ˣ㰡ͷĵȥ
ӮԲδ˵һӣоЩԣջʵ۶һ飬ʹ˺ܶණһţʱΧ壬󻹸ȥ԰÷԰÷޶˿νڹһ죬ۺҲһд
˺ܿģһ·϶ڸ˵飬ܾûʵڿ佱ʱЩԡ
СҲֿ˺ü꣬ҲǸᣬȥȥҺأ⼸ǲȥˡ
á
ڶһ磬Сѩʰ󣬱ͬһӮҲһ𣬲Լġ
ŻؾһңȥݷĸĸǸ˳¼ӣСѾ߻ȥĸףõʱȥˣһֲ
ĳܺƺƵĳų¼ȥճĸ壬˵֮һˡ
үģﶼ׼ˡ
Ǿͺá
ĳӮ佫ƽҲûʲôںҳ׼ңҲ࣬ϾӮǰҲûھǣҲͳɻʱ˼˵˵
СѾ˻˵ˣ򸾳ʳϵĽɣϱԶãĸ׷ġ
á
ϣϱˡ
һ㲻ùãҪء
⻰ǶŮ˵ģĸ⼸նںԺæţһֱû
֪ˣס
»ۿĸһ֣أԾĵ˵ͷ
˳¼ңӮ֮󣬳ĸ׳żֱǰ
үˡ
棬ҲûоλһƷ٣ɵҲһЩӮ꣬ҲǷĵľ
׼ҲؿզǶһˣЩ񡣡
Ӯⲻڼӣʮֺƣ׼ңʶһ棬ֺǺǵģʮֵƽ׽ˡ
һһ¼Ұᣬ⸽סĶǸȨƵ˼ң඼ֲֵġ
Ͼ͸˵ĵȻ죬Դ˳񲢲⣬ʱǹʶ޶ٽƢԶǲ࣬³׼ңĵˡ
ڣ˲ٺ÷ӮϲģҲ÷԰ǷסǸطҲһС÷԰
׼ˣӮϲ˵Ǻܿġ
Ѿͷÿãֱһģ
ǰӮ˵ĵʮֿģϵɫ飬ڽǰҲ˺üģȥ˲ٵطӮ͸˵ˣ⼸˴úɽ
ԺڣϿų»ۣͣĿ̲ס룬պϱ˺ӣȻһĿɰģֻһӣǳܶǾͺˣҲ֡
СѾͷͷϵΣֻһƳ˵Ͱ
Űɡ
׼ˣϱֶŮ׼ҵŮһ۵ģʱõģޣůƳɵģʵͨ͸Ҳȡ
ҰϲѾͷ
ȼ˿ڣЦӯӯ˵Ѽ˵ڵĻȥϿԼСŮĸʹ˸ɫĸ˸ͷˣƽ˶ǹϾҲһɲˡ
ڽնԼˣҲۿɼϲСѾͷ
ȹ꿪ůˣȥ߾ˣøһصģҪˣڼסһʱҲá
⻰Ϻ־ϲҲɵ֪ΪΣԶֺǺǵģȥҲã˺ӣҲôµˡ
ҲԶϱ˾ͻģлĸ׺⡣
޺סǲʵģһ֪ģ䲻˵ʲôҲûѱᣬھɲ뻵
߱ĲԶ֮ǰҲͻġ
˶ãɵüӱĺúТ˳˰
⺢ӵһ۾Ϳˣ׼ҽãҰҲǴ۵ĸмأƽڼТ˳ˡ
ЦЦδ˵ˣǼҵĺڼﶼߣſɲᣬ֪ģһһŮⶼӡ
ⶼӦõġ
ԣůůģţҲûҪźˣһǲ廨ϻһӣһԼǺϲˡ
һԿţʼմŵЦ⣬һͲǿ̱ģǼң־˵ĶĺãɼϱϵǺüˡ
ŵʱҲŮģӮǰȾƣĵúǿģûôꡣ
ɩһҲ˵˵ЦЦģò֡
ҰĽ׼ңŮ˫ȫߣϥ»һôɰ
صϣһԵķﶼĽ
Ҳеġ
֮꣬ϱˣӮⶼǳ顣
Ҳǡ
磬Ȼãֱ֮ȥҳˡ
ôˣ𼱻ǵġ
Ϣ䱦իҪһµΣ˵صĿѾӵĹʦģ֮ǰǹõʦ񶼵˹ϡ֮꣬զǵʱȥȥ򼸼
֪𣿡
󿪿ڵȻ֪Ҫôȥأʱ򻹵ء
뵽ԼǸիʮֽڼţЩҲǳңôӣƫƫТ˳ʰ˸ڴǰź
ǰϲľǴԼû뵽󣬳˳ţڼֻܴؾӣŵ·Ҳܶࡣ
ҰĽ㡣
뵽ոռϣ߹ţʮֺƵӣ粻ɵôһ䡣
Ľʲôð㣬һĽء
ö˵ѾǶ棬뵽ԼҷЩ΢죬⵹ģǺТ˳ĸɶҲܺãÿٺ»ȫġ
Ҳѡģѡûʲô඼Ůӣĺ󣬲Ƿ죬˽źȥȥģ⼸ֻ
綼ѾŰЩǲɢˣǼҲǵǡ
үˣӣһء
³˷߰ɣôƷԸСϲԵġ
㲻÷𣿡
á
ŵһʱ򣬳ǸȫźŵҲûΪһԣɫ㲻úãóŶҪôҲֻһˡ
ڶͱܿˣֻϾʱȥһ裬廨
Ұƻʳȴֻ
ʮ֣˵ӣҧһڣ㣬Ծ۾ޡ
һ£ֻܳԵôóԵĶǻҾ
˵Ҫ֪һⶼѣǰôҲóԸǸʱΪ˺ÿһֻٷÿ
ϰѮһң֪ô˵ģҺúźţû¾ͻȥ˵˲˵ǲոСˣİ˰
ʢݸѣԡ


8 
ǶѾɻˣ֮ǰǴһģԼҪȥ߾˺ѡ
ҰǰŵһϺõ̥ҩȥ˳¼һݸ㣬ɵðסᰡ
ֱӷ¿ӣźѣ˵һ֣أǶ˶Ⱥɻģ⼸ȥˣûã񻹺ãϾߣҲ˵ùȥ
ⲻ˱߶ҲûкᱻݣϾڽӴɲС£Ψһҵ߶߶δ˵Ҫ÷Ҳδ÷
һЩĳݣھ˵¡
Ե˵ͷҲСˣҲˣԼһعŻƿǵҲ
ʱѩԽԽ
Ҳ֪ôˣ
С˯һȻ˶ӣӮ۾ڵʱǱѾˣƶ˯˰ɣҹ⼸սƵ˵ⶼʲôССְˡ
ԶӮһֱǺԺܵģСһгϢ
ܼ˵ˣϱÿ궼ǱͶֲҩѣûϹ඼ԼģνǺˣСҲǺø
զҲúɽҪھǰɣСžۡ
á
ӮԴӦĺʹ졣
ôû˸͹ȥ
ӮԿӣգͷȥ»鲻ɷˣʱӮҲӣǰ⣬˺أŶûС
㴩·в𣿡
ϺȻתͷڵӮԹЦӵֲԾĽ˽
ҲСˣǰǲڷЩ꣬ҲùûжıʾҲʱʱ̵̿ĵİΣʮݡ
ؽնǴѩ˶ţŻ󣬳Ҳɿˡ
񣬹ƹҵҪ磬
ƹȵ۵ĳܳ谮Ůֶ͸˵ˣ˵꣬䣬Ϳ£㱻ͷʥϸϵһ㣬ֲһĸʶҲ׽
ĸ׸λʱģһǿһǹϾҲ˵죬Ҫ˵ɣҲһġ
ϵǸƹλеݹϵ
Ƕϱĸһȥ
á
ЦЦӻóһð̶ɵСӡ
ĸ֮ǰ㸸ȥйʱģһ۾ͿˣúŰɡ
Ŵֱʣ֪ϵСӣͷ󣬵ͨ͸һʣɼõĶϺõİ
лĸס
㰡ǸúӣȢ㣬ĸ
˵еĶ豭˿ڲ裬ǶԶӵ˼Ҳüûˣ˵һִģϧʮȥ˾ӪӴ֮ĸӶ˾ࡣ
ܼ޸ĸء
ʱǼģʱĸ׽ڹģһڻжѷɫ
ЦЦδ
Ӯ˿ڼе䳡䣬ӱͿҲ޶ٷ⡣
һԵС˿ӮʮоĵĽˣôõ֣ȥμӣȻҲܿս
תۼһ괺ڣչƷϵĹԱҪ꣬ŵһڵġ
˭װİôǺ÷
һŻĸ˿Եĺѯʵϲ÷֮¸ϲˮɻȥĹᣬõĻˮɻϲˡ
ȥʺ屧ǹ׼ģǻʺ׼ġ
Ҳ֣ҼǵûʺҲϲ÷ǻĻȥˣôƫƫѡһĻûС
Լҷϲ¡
⻰һ˿˿ܣԾѹ
ؾˣƲˣʺôӵ̫ӣɲ£һϳ𣿡
ʲôðҲñϲ˵ϲľǴˣѵ֪ҪǻʺôҲѡбµĶӣӾͲӣɴʺҲûʲô
ɱˣӵĸ׿ǻʺߵŮǲˣ˵ʺӺأҪ֪ӿ߿ļūġ
ɻҲģҪҲӦ󶼲ˣϾģ϶Ǹһġ
ͤһûһ˵ţ䣬Х԰й˲࣬ŹߵŮ·ȥŹ
ЩûӵĻ͵ˡ
Ź˵ҧһһԵĹӡ
˶ڻʺǱ𣿡
˵һЩƷߵĸˣھģõģһЩ̫Щ˽ֻȥʺġ
ڡ
Ů˵ﲻԾĵͷΨ꣬Źǻʵ۱ҵıã˵ɲ֪Ϊ˲ʵ۵ǻҲһͷ˹ҲӣĲ
أ
ϵǣŹزδֱӱ㿪ʼѯʻʵʱ仹һʱſϯ
ôˣŮһһģֻʢ費˥ľǸʵʶ֡
鷿
ȥ߱һ˵ѧһ㣬Ʒ
ǡ
Ů¡
ʱǬڣʺףھˣ鲻Ծĺ࣬ôҲȵּʵýȢңǸˣⱲӶҪѹһͷ
λǺܿǰһĳϣһЩˣŻ󣬵ۺյľʹͶ
󹬿ƽҲֻǿŰˣŻǽ󣬵µۡ
ʺᰮɫԼݣĴĶɫҲ⡣
·ÿˣķ˿Ÿһÿ
òһ㣬ϺλҲǼ׵Եʣڳ˾һвδ˵
Ҫ˵֮ǰûʸģŻʺôģԴӼ޸֮ݲ֪ıĸ׻ߡ
ǱģҪϲһһ͵Ǹǵˡ
ʹ͹ˣʺ󿪿ˣл
ĺ룬ֻҪʺڷλһ죬ôǶһ޶ĸµĻʺ
۽㣬ҿϱ治һһ͸Ŵҷ緶ôÿ㰡Ǻø
ԴӼ޸֮δٹѾϰˣ֪Լӣδվӣ߶ǲֺò
ȵ￪ʼһֱǱʵ
ԿһԵЦЦ˿ԼԶϱϲ
ûһᵽʱʵ۸Źһģʺ΢ЦźǴǿŹ˵ԼʰǾ鳩죬Цı࿪ˡ
һһ㡣
ϱ˵λһǰһҲͣԵ˵ͷӮʱҲˣԱߣԲδ˵ʲô
ᶼһҹǰҹǸ費ϣ֣ʱʱĸΧ˵䣬ͼ䣬ڳԳԺȺȣ°ҹĶˡ
飬ȥһԵƫѾȥˣµ˼ˣһЩӴģȾƵʱŵøˡ
ϯڽϳʵڰסЩ衣
˾˯һᣬһСʱء
һԪԪһůˣҲҪˣǶû뵽Ѿ쵽ˡ
ϰڣŵƽʣպ㣬꣬ڿջá
ˣŻʮհɣզǾܵˡ
á
վڿջ̨ŵİգ΢΢
ʵؾȻģɵʲôδ壬һʱ䣬ͳҲΪˡ
ĸؾˣﻹСӣܶһʱ䣬Ǳˡ
ӵϵĻƣתڣˣҲ֪ʲô
л˵
գϲıղһ


9 
ԪǰȻؾ˲ٶ
һΪϼڴһء
ҵﶼͦõģΪǻԹңûУǶһĺãĸףͷְ˺ܶࡣ
ǸĸŮСܾ˳谮䲻죬Ҳǽˣպһõġ
ˣȥˡ
ѿʼҭæݸӡ
˵Ҫ뿪ȥ߾ˣ̫ˣǷҲ÷ˣǱ߷羰ܲģѰһ죬ˡ
ĸʱѺ͹ȥ߾ҲϤ
ǰҲ˵Ǳġ
ҪסɣôưѸӸʰˡ
ҡҡͷ
»ذɣһһء
֪ҪҲǼԼ
ðɣһмʱء
һʱ뿪ԼңֱӳǼסĵطȥ
˵ؼңԴûһӵһǧɣھǹԺӶģôҪԳԺȺȵġ
ĸԭƽϣڼΪǮصϱܣҲΪźصǵٺ»һֻǿڰˡ
û˽ΣǮūͣĻǺصã¹ȥˣظӶ䣬񶼿ʼȾˣȥĲǰģɱס˰ѱ
ҹˣŵײײӶĳĺأɫһ䣬û뵽ûôأضѾˡ
ǸˣǰԼҲϹˡ
ر߱һӣⷿҪٶģøԼѣżȥԾƣʶһ¸ĸ˵ֻһġ
Ѱ˼ǹˣǿ϶ţĸնҪ⣬Ҫ¹ӳԺõģǮѮûˡ
᲻ôӣĸŶϱȥƣ˲٣ǹӣѰĸû£Ҳȥϴƣ׬ͭʲôĲãϱҲǳصģĸֱӴһܡ
ĸԲĶ֣СӸָϡ
ޣҳȥ׬ǮҪʲôǸŲӣ㻹ûϵĲܶء
ղ⣬ָصĵܵ˸󣬵û֣ˤ˺üͷ۵໴УŭĿԼϱȴҲ޿κΡ
ؼҶһջһУо죬ܰһ˶ǹŽʳĺӣҲǹȥû뵽Լû֣Ǿ͸ˡ
ϲģҸ㣬ȥЩڲо͸˽ϴ·ȥҪҪÿ
ҴţҸ㣬Ҫȥ١
ȥȥҸȥˣҲ౻򼸸ӣ󲮸ҲҪ𣿡
ÿγܶĸˣǲ⡣
ϾΨһԼҵĴôٵģ˵յ˻ʵ۵Ҳͷˡ
غȵȥûþ˯ˣĸԺɫʮѿصϱҲֵģ֪󲮸ģôһģֶӲ׵𣿿ۿѵġ
ǸǳƣˣԼǧСˣһϲ̨Ұˡ
һĻܺãתˣҲôˣֻҪȥʷٱؼɣ˹٣ʱһھǶȻҲȥ˵ġ
ֺӣ϶Ҳϼңʱһʹ
Ԫѽڣеƻģᣬһ磬ϱ˾ͳˣӮҲһ
զһ㣬ȥ䣬Ҿ˼ģţҲȫ
ºܺãһ·϶ЦǺǵģδǰȥѹأ޺⻹ǵһ ŹţҲ
ſƣӹҲġ
ȵů뿪ȥδķˣʱ֪ʲôء
ҹӲҪզȥһ
Ⱥֽڶ·һҷݵʱͣ˽ŲϿ˿ң˵ͷ
Ӯں棬Ŷһȥ
ƹģ䡣
ϡ
شĹӣˣⶼеġ
ҸصʱԹһأǺܲ
ϸӮ£ʶ˲ٷ飬صشϷ羰ʱ˻һȥɽ
ҹӵζҪһЩԿǸãӮⲻģʱʱƣˡ
ʵҹĵƻÿģϧҪһզȥڿᡣ
á
Ҫǰھͺˣզǻһء
Ե˵ͷһԵĹţоŶദɺˣϿϱ˼ûʲôìܣԳԺȺȶһ
Ź߰ɣԪһҲůˡ
ãȥ֮ǰǵûһˣҵǸҪãǵýһߣ֪ʲôʱء
á
ĶǳİգҲ٣кܶϡ⣬ϱ˿ԵģϲľûһᣬϾ˲ٶ
ϯǰһʱ˲Żȥԡ£ϴ硣
ʱǽǻʺģԪ֪ôǹģ˲ͣ˶֪
ʺٰ¡ɣôɫУҲǴ͸裬׼ǱȽű£һЩĲõĽĿõĺǻϲЦϡ
ǿŻʺ󣬱Ҳ΢
׼治
ֱӿڵл͡
檻Ϊﲻϲء
ô⣬ô᲻ϲأĪҪ롣
ǡ
СΧǶˣԶͷȥҲϰˡ
ʱѾ˾ʮ⣬컹û͸¼·ǿ쵽ˡ
ˣզҹ·ֱӻؾҸջϢ
أҸջϢһ¡
˾ǣҲҪģʵؾ϶ȥʥģҲҪԡ£ô糯ʱ䣬ԲԪᣬƸĸӶҪμӣҲûˡ
ǡ
ǻˣⶼüûˣүү˿һôء
쿴̲סĿڵ
ˣٷء
Բδ˵޵ʱԾļӴ
ҹϯڽ϶еͷΣȥԡ׼ޡ
ʰ𣿡
˼һԵСѾ߿ڵ
ٷ˷ģ׼ˡ
ܵװĸӣһ·Ҳˣ뿪˾ǣʱҲһ㣬Ҳ¡شˡ
ѣջңڳȥ߾
ϴһ˴齣֪ΪΣһҹ˯ĺǰȣε
Լһ㣬һˣ˶СŲٶϱȥҳˡ
϶ԼҲŶϱѾͷžͲƷв˵ˣĸԼҲǼģҲТĺӡ
ôڲ÷
ǰŽݣں࣬Щ⡣
Щ
Ҳμᵽҹ˰ɡ
еĶһԣѾ߶򷢳ȥһЩ
˿̣Ѿˡ
䲻ض޽Ҳ齻㣬㸸ĸˣػؾһӣҲǡ
ǡ
ʵ۲֮꣬˷棬ЩʵίΣԼߵգҲΪԭ˴վӣʵۺȻãǸϢ
ô꣬йλУ߽ڣҲİ
ⶼǳӦġ
һԣ˵
ʵۿɵøˡ
Ϊպһ丸ҲˣȻȥɡ
ʵҪѯʵ飬ʱ򲻿ڣҲ˵߳鷿ŴССʮ̫࣬õĶǻʵ۵ʹ͡
ÿһǼֵơ
ūʹ˳
ʵۻ̫·ϣν˹˵
˺ߡ
๫ˡ
˵·óһǮӣֱӵݸ˳ɹ
лʹ͡
ֱóȥҲЩڴϾܼˣδӡ


10 
ؾϢδֻй֪һͽȥʥ·һЩ󳼣ЩȻȣ𾪣Ǵк
صѾǰʱˡ
ϤĺɫţϤң³˿ȥš
үˡ
ūڿһЩ𾪣ǲţΪԼΣһʱ
Ӧ¡
źɫĶۣվȥˣòɣŸӳء
ĸ׶ڼҰɡ
ڡ
ɡ
˵ȥļС˶š
߽ǲ˽Իؾģ֪ſūԼүıӰҲǻʵ۽ģɻʵ۲ûеͥگ鰡
ʵ졣
䳡ڣӮˣ󵶣ﵶ䣬ɾ䣬ϿʮˣûԭȵļԼҷĻǺġ
ӮͶѾˣһ⣬ѿӮδиӺãҲãȫǶ֮ӣʶǸԼҷһõЦݡ
ȿڲЪһЪ
ղˣ
Ӯӣ󿪿ڵ
Բδ˵ֵڸĸȥֵò̫죬ںΪ鳹׷ֶŮϱ
ǼֶŮûгʣԼҶô㣬ǹҲǲУǺܿسػƷ
ֶŮ߾ͲˣеĻԼ棬ǰ˺󶼲һҴҵƤǳģȻҲǹܲ˵ģܻҷ硣
ںҾͲôˡ
ǰȻţ˵ڼĸ£ȥһˣҲڿʼ߶ϾҲǿŴ
ҲûȥӮǿˡ
ںȵȲ裬ˣҲ̰
ӮԵ˵ͷһȲ裬һ
˸ƾ¾˺ЩǮһʮǶҵ£ҲûҪȥ
⻰ǻشӮ
ӮԵ˵ͷһƲȻһϸһѡ

δӵòǿԺġ
Ӽĸס
ϻΪӮڿЦֱϤվת󿴣Ȼ
ضôˣ
ӮŶӣۿɼĿģӻؾͻȻ϶˽»ģȻǻʵͬġ

ϿŶӣʼʡ
Т
˵ʲôأ
֣ȥˣӿӿˣҲһɳصʣãð
ȱ裬ġ
ʱ׶䣬һֱӾ͹ˣȻĸڡ
ʯϣӹеĲ豭һЩ࣬ˣҲû˵
ʱһδӹѧĸʱûʱ²һЩ࣬ˣӹδĸ׽ѵһ١
Ӵ֮Ҳû˵ĸͥҸǺ¡
Ұϱȥ㣬кˣû뵽ˣãҲ۳ͶٵĹȥˡ
⻰һЩ⣬ĸˣҲ֮еģ궼Сˣ֪ĸôġ
ˣܴãҸ׼ȥˣھǣʼˣסһסҲȥׯסһס
˵ӣǰǸҹǸ䣬һֱڿСӡ
Ӧܴ°ɡ
Ӯиˣڵˣίľܾ˵Ҳûǿ󣬱ϾӮԣ켣ãҲδôܸɣиڼҡ
ȥҹʰأ϶ܿģҲȲʰˣûˣú˵˵Ҳίɱ۸
Ͼϲ󣬿Ŷӿ
һԼҸף˵ͷ׼ݡ
˿̣񻹲֪Լҷˣڸ˵Ц
ҸطһؽһģޱȣԸ㳭¼һݣţһãסˣҩºȵġ
˵СĴóһ۵ĺܹҩԼģǰǰʮ飬ΨǸдòԣץҩӰ˺
°ɣҲҪԵֵİɣķүС䣬ӿǺŰɣҲҪǷ޶˼֮Ҫӣʱˡ
˶Ѿǳˣһǲܻ䣬⻰һеĲյ
ӣȷʵõĺأֲǲ֪
ҪԵ֣Ҳ٣ܱûкãҪҰ
ų֣֣ص˵źѣһûסûסͻȻЦ⼸Ϊӣ˶Ǯϧؽȥӡ
˵ĺޣ˵պãͬãǺܸˣֱʵʹģ⻰Ӧ˵ģУôȰ
˿̿棬źܿɰӣûסֱЦ˳
ЦʲôҸΪٲ˵ģ㰡͵ſɡ
ߵſڣȻһϤЦ֮ǰЩ仯ɫû䣬
ȥˣǸ˶ģƻˣ뵽ֱȥҲûǽǵǸϰߡ
Ҫ˵ãǵ䣬ҼǸĳ˹ģҲѿǲ佫࣬պ˺һҪС䣬ý˫ȫ
˵˿ڲ裬û뵽һ룬ѾߺȻǴƣɫ־ϲЩ
һ룬ƵĻˤ
ٷˣүˡ
ԣ˲סˡ
ƣǲˣ˯˯ˣôؾأҪʰȥ
ǣģӾţȥɣūûΡ
ǲ˵ѵģӣ֪ʮа˾ģɻʵûٰ
Ҹ¾ˣȥǷ޷ֿôˣǾͲˣʱھۡ
˵ˣ˼뿪ġ
䣬֮ǰ࣬ûô䣬һЩ軻ˣŵҲ
Ѿ߹ƶˣ˿ڴƵĲ£ȥ˿һСѾݵĲˮδ֣δڡ
㵱û
ϰ֮˶ܺã˵ˣΪԶһЩһ
ķˣū澾Ҳӵòϴ
ûȥĸ𣿡
Ӧȥ˲ŹİɣɫҲˣզʰĶòˡ
Բδ˵ȥ·ôߵһҲˡ
̫ʦϣźͷоһֱԼ̧ͷһûǼţԷƵģȥ͹ȥġ
ȥˣһҲû䣬ԭȵǸӡ
ӴĿԼЦôû˲ǵΪ?
ү
Ӧ
ضɡ
˵󣬴ƺľ˳ȥֻʣˣû˵ûͷԼȥֱվԱߡ
л˵
룬ԺϾŵ°ɣҪһֱ׷СɰǸԣǴа
ŸԤգϲıȥרղһ
Ҫ
ˮĹò绨񻣬Ǻ󣬼޸÷ھʯͷҸ
ʯͷ˸󣬶Ǽõģϧ٣һɽԵ;УҰϮһӳ˹Ѹ޷ӣʮЩåɧš
˱ʣԸ䣬˻Ǹˣһʮĺ
ҴĶˣСѧͯۿǰ;ãϧһ׵ĵ
ƭǮʿԣ˵ӿԼ鷢ˣԼҲûˣ༸Ӷúá
ȷ飬ȥֱȳףȢ˰֣Уȫҵи֮ˡ
ǰزʶ󣬲ϲ˴ˣҲû˵ζİֺȻһ췢֣Լе㲻̫԰


11 
ʱ꣬޶ڶڣһʱԡ
ɡ
֮ڵ
һԣȴڴҪ˵ǰǸƤңҲǣȥˣҲء
үػҪã
°ɡ
þɳȴòȳȣ
һ·۳ͶҲ࣬ȥ׼ˮԡ¹úϢһ¡
Բδܾȥ˿ȥҴơ
ǷޣܵˣȴϤİ˲࣬»鲻գ˾ͷֿˣһ꣬ٶҲ֪˵ʲô
ˣջҪ𣿡
Ҫ
ˣѾõҲǲıģҿֶֶŮҲˣعҲܿԼҴ硣
СѾǴСһˮˮҳˮһԡڶˮ
ó׼Щү֮ǰϲĸʳ͹
ǡ
ǱҲ棬С޼δҲû˴棬λ룬ҲϲŸԤԼе顣
˸˵ˣңò׻ؾǵȥݷһҡ
뵽ʲôȻڵղڶӻϲУȻ¸ˡ
СҲ㶣ϱ϶˵ġ
Ҳǣǲٵʲôģýզһ˿һԶԲˡ
ǰѵá
Ӯ˵ЩأܶණʧеãҪȫǲܵġ
һߣѾ߶׼֮󣬳ȥԡϢֱȥ
ȥɡ
м俪ʼϴԼһˣҲϲСѾźԼ
״ǸоЩΣѾ߶ˣѵҪźɣ˵ǷޣɶüûˣˮӴվɫ΢죬΢󿪿ڵ˹ɣðΪ걳
ˮֱ£⼸Ҫ˵һ˺۶ûǲܵģ͵ҩãЩϰ̺ۣҲ䵭
ǰղС˵֣վͲźүˣĪС˹
Ӧ˸ͷֱӳȥˣδ˴ء
Ҵҵߣ˹δתʼϴӣ⼸£ǿԺúõϴһˡ
ˣū澶̺ˣҲѬˡ
ƿԼС㣬˵ͷ˿ڣȥ
ηδڵ̿ǲ٣ûãͿʼ˯С˯һᣬû뵽ȴ˯˹ȥ
ʱһѩ׵£һ߲ͷһ߳ȥڴϵ˯ĳŵİ˱𣬳ȥ
ȥˣı仯Сӵġ
ʵĴϣ˯ıˣϰԵĳȥ״˯࣬˿һᣬҲ˯ˡ
˾ƵĲȣϺ˷ܣڷŶӺͶϱһʱȥ˶ˣ˶û
ˣ԰ɣˡ
ӮӾ͸ӼвˣϱȥңӮȻס
Ǻܾûˣô˿϶ŵģ԰ɡ
Ӯ˵꣬ϲԾգգ۾ʼԷ
ѪյˣҲûʲôġ
һѾˣ춼ˣ˯˼ʱ㣬ȥ÷˶˱ţſؿڣ˯һЦٶߡ
Ҳо̣ٳһҲûʲô˯һɣ§ֲԾսһЩ
һֱ˯˴ʱ˯Ѿϰˡ
ڴʶ֮͵
ôˣ
ʼնûҲǵĳʱ򶼹緹ʱˣû뵽ô˯
ʲôʱ
ʱ
˿£·һЩڿϼֻʣһ㡣
ҽҪңүҪһȥ𣿡
һ·󿪿ڵ
ȥ
ӶˣǲܾҲȥݷһ£ʱǵ˶֪ˡ
ãȥ׼ˮͳʳզʰ˾ߡ
š
ͱõģŽջңվͳͻȻˣʱǲȥˣǵûصġ
ư񴩴ãžȥС緹綼ˣû뵽үԼҹȻ˯ôãҲǲ⡣
ڷ÷˱ʳԵĹأһһ˹ģȥٲȻһԼˣϼ״תȥˣЩģ¿ദĺܺã˵ȣҲѰ޲ࡣ
Ҳͷˣϣ챣ӣиС
л˵
պԤգϲıȥרղذ


12 
ջң겻ڵģҲûҪ¡װ磬ôôģһɫȹͬɫϵЬһӣλ
Ҳһͬɫϵۣ󣬶ȥϵԺ밲
ǰĶӶϱЦӯӯ˼䣬ǸϽȥ
˵ͷǰŸžˣЩ
ô˲⣿
ֱӿʵ
ǲСһ̿裬껹зŶĹӺһˮӣһҲӵ
ôأһΪҪء
˵ͷоЩΣΪ佫ǲأģΪҲˣԼЩȰˡ
ھþ
˵꣬һԵĹһ飬ǳ񾭳ģ鲻ǻμǡ
״Ҳһ飬
ŮͻȻؾ־ϲ֪նһ׼ҲضãԼ̥ҩóˣ׼͸Сӡ
ĸ׷ģ֮ǰסԺӶϱʰˡ
ãá
ŮǺģû˵¸˫ȫΨһõǸ佫⣬ʮȫʮء
ػŮ˳УҲûʲôˣԼһֱǵãܳ׵վȽŸ
ʱܸͣſڣȥǳ񣬿ֱ֣ӰַģվſڿһĻˡ
Ҳü۴ЦͶӳһԲɫ糣ҲǸ˵ġ
ĸס
Сĸ
ӡ
ϲδǰǿлѪʱƽƽģ˳Ӧõġ
΢΢ͷ
˵ѩˣ컹أզǸϽȥɡ
ھӪʱ˵ĸ￴ŮԽԽ⣬ǴȰеĿҲܸܵ϶ԼϲʼնЦеġ
˾ͺãذúϢһӡ
á
սɱϣƣڼ˺ǰŵĹӣԽԽ⣬Լĸף⡣
̫Ůˣ㰡ɵץ
ų¼Ҹǰ˵˺ԺԼŮ
š
÷ã
°ɡ
Ҳ֪½ʲô飬ܹǻˣɩиӣʮ飬㰡ûȥһԡ
˵ͳһŷƵֽţС
лɩ
һˣ۶Ѿͷ֪ĸȾ˷纮أûڳȥ
֪СϲŮѯʣͿ˵ˡ
صģҩͺˡ
ǾͺãһҵȥѾͷ
ֶŮӱͲһ㺢ӽ׳СʱյľҪһأ˵ǺһЩͷȵʱʱͻС
Ҳǵġ
ǰԺӸ죬δ˵֮£֮ǰдӮ̸࣬ĶǸصķ顣
Լѫ˼ңӶ˶սպյĴ󽫾£һӺ
÷⼸ھǿɶһˣµĺܣ˺úϲȥ䣬û¶ȥ䡣
á
ԴˣӦĺˬ죬ػܴ£˵ҲпܵģҲûĺúӺ͸ĸ
Ӧôʹ죬ҲЦ⡣
˽˵ǲôͬģò£ҸŵԵ˼ҾͿɣĹ٣ҲûʲôõģκθĸӦԼңʵۺԴͻ飬вҲֻԼš
㳢裬ҵһѴӽǱ߼Ĺģ⼸ŵ
ûһᣬѾ²裬һڣϺõĴ裬ζ㣬һڣȱĲҲһ˿
ѩˮݵİɣζ𡣡
һڣ󿪿ڵ
ԿһۣЦŵ˵ͷû뵽Ʒ趼ôܳóѩˮ
һΣ
ȻЩ᲻壬ԵͷӦˡ
һԣЦ˵Ҫд衣
ѧʣ϶䣬ԼҲ̫ѿ֪ģʼʮֽȾƣҪ˵ΨһȤˡ
û뵽ôоʮ꣬µʱ©ӮˣҲЩԼӮǼӮ
Ůһ㰡
һһԲĿҲԽˣϧԼҾһҪ볯Ϊ٣Ҳġ
ҵؾӦǲˡ
ȻڵͳӶһۣҲû˵ʲô֪˼ȥȥǵÿŮ޳ȥˣЩҾͲڹˡ
ǾͿԼ벻ȥ㰡ӰѾҲŮҲٰ
վļЦ˴Ӧ
䣬Ů۶ͻȻ˹ڴȻ˵øˣҪĸȰһûע⣬Ȼˡ
۶ùû
ŷȥֶŮû뵽ԼˣСѾͷ󿪿ڵ
ˡ
»˵Ͷ
йø
ͬʱҲڿСѾͷװ۵ģüֱһӣû뵽СѾͷֱӳ˫֣Ҫ
ֻڴֵĹø»Ǻܺġ
δܾվӳӹСѾͷ
ø㳤ñҵÿ
⻰һеĲ豭ƽ۵ĸĸһСŮüͷ
ҵҲÿġ

״Ц
ˣ÷ɣ۶Ȼȥĸҩĸĸȥùȥ
Ҫø
»˵ֱӶ˵ø佫ˡ
á
ӦСѾͷСѾͷۣպҲиŮǾͺˡ
ĸ˳»ۣǺдһԣûһ˾ͿʼȾˡ
ϿԼҹŮۿɼĿġ


13 
ͳ˻ؼҵ
Ҫ󱭲衣
ڣһʱԣͻȻڵΪܾû뵽ͷӦˡ
á
ڱ߾ѾǺ¼ҸӶ˶ſˣһˣĺֵǵõʹ˸緢ĵϿɡ
һ飬ȡˮͿʼ衣
ԸⲻԸһȥ߾?
ȻڵһʱûӦ˵һ䰡
ҡҡͷ۾˵
ȥ˱߾ܷžۣҪԶ˼ˣ߾ǿຮ֮أĲУƲԸɡ
Ӧδ˵֮ǰȥҲҪӣˣô˻иӣҲûҪȥˡ
迪ˣ˱裬Ľһݸ
صֱȥ䳡Ѿϰÿ䣬ǻԼԺӡ
ٷˣʲôأ
ƶ̸㣬˼ĳ񿪿ѯʵ
ûʲô㿴ŲóһЩһү͹ȥһ
á
һ㣬һûһڵĳţȥ˷žۣҲ÷룬ǱԶ뾩ǣǻʵ۲ټ֪ʲôʱܻأȥм˺ѣɷ޾Ҫ־أǿˡ
Żǲˡ
ƣȥƮ¥Ҷһȥһ;һԷ
á
Ʈ¥Ǿõľ¥ҲǴٹϲģĳÿɲ乬һƲʮϰǼõġ
䳡ڣӶ˱һӮˣϵЦûϹ
ִгΪǱȲˡ
á
ȥô
ͦõġ
Ǿͺã׼˲ģҸãҲȥݷùҸھǣǲˣһֱط־ӣզǼڱ߾ҲиĴլӵģϱ˵˵ҪȥɣҸҲź򣬶ء
˵ˡ
Ը⣿
ӮЩţΣǸŮӲԼҷһأǸûᰡ
ҲûС
뵽ʱı飬Ҳûкܿܰ
Ǻú̸̸
á
ҸһãǾͲùˡ
Ӯ˵ˣ˵ͷԼԺȥȥѾˡ
ڣڽСѾ߰Ūˣ߽һϲġ
ȥɡ
ǡ
԰ɡ
á
÷ϰԵĳĬͷβһ仰ûС
Ҫ𣿡
ϣڹ󣬳񿪿ʵԵ˵ͷ
ȥ׼ϴĶ
ҲϳЪϢɣһʵһҪھиɵʲôģҲô˻úϢһ¡
ٷˣôˡ
̴ۿɼĿģ̵ĴտɲһֱһĽ
Щȣ˰Щ̿趼˰ɣˣҲˡ
á
޶ϴģԡͰڹ˰죬óһɫ£͸
˼˯һҹտ϶Ͳһˡ
ٷˣūź¡
á
ϴڴϣźɫ£ڿһˣеı飬ô
òû˵θû˵ж»֮ҹѾ֪ˣȥˣűȴǰˡ
ɫʱСѾ£ȥ˹ȥڻľĿͱ
ǺᣬһҲУľͷ
꣬ھӪҲûŮˡ
Ѿ˿Ѿ˯ȥӵ˯գԾĹ˹
ӣҪһӣ뵽§ֲԾս˺ܶࡣ
⼸£һĸԸĸһţĺ˫
ۣѾ쵽磬ߵҲûˣоʹҲԼѵģ϶ȥġ
źԼСϴ󣬱ӳ˳ʳʱ򣬳Ȼֱʹ׵˵ϣֱˡ
սݣ״Ѿ߶ȥ

Ľһ
һֱӰ˱ڻ
ι㡣
ɿڣգգۣѾ׷ǰֱӺˣںҲϰˡ
ȥ̫Ϣһʱڳš
á
ԼʱһʱϢһʱҲüġ
ô֪ԼҪȥȻ뵽ƿ϶һȥ׼ˣҲûڡ
ϲ⣬ԼСеǸιĶˣĶЩ壬ۿɿڵĩò϶ѼθڣһڣֱӰӶ˹ιһ롣
Աˡ
׷С룬ز˻û˵ǳ˲٣Ե˵ͷҲˣֱӰ˱ϣСѾʰ
Ϊȥ˭֪ȻɵԱߣôֱӺҪǱ˿յģ˶û
ںһ˱飬ӵô
ҩ
Ȼ˵ܲѾ߷ţŰɡ
ұȥ
á
ͷµһСϻȡһкɫĸҩ׼Ϳҩڣһʱ֪ôߡ
ӣûҪߡ
ҪͿҩˡ
֪Ϳ
һ˵
ܻرһ𣿡
࣬ϡ
棬½ҡ
á
ϡɼˣҧҧٵҩյʱŪˣҩ洫طù֮޲ʵĸо
ˡ
š
Ϣһᣬȥ鷿֣ǵñ̫ˡ
á
˵ͳȥˣıӰ뵽ΪЩĶ佫ɲʮϸģǺܲġ
ľͲ˵ˣ񣬻ˣǸõ뵽Ϊ
ȥ߾飬һ롣
л˵
ǣղأ۰
Ԥ  
ƷټҵŮڼ΢ᣬĳոŵĸ磬ȴбʺУʥּ£
һʱ䣬Ǿ۵Ķ󣬲پǹŮζ޸񣬵ûλõƷټҵŮ
ǻʺӣòɣʮսᣬսԺա
˶֪ˣΪ˽ţͬȢޣչҲԤϵǰػѵӡ
Ȼһ䣬λ񱻱ᣬҲû
һ·ϣƻҲ׼ǰʼ
õʱɺ֣Լ߲ˡ


14 
Ʈ¥ѾȺڣСʮֲ
ҸһϢ
Ǽ˵ġ
ȻѾõǺسԺζĵ֤ݣ˾ٱλĳʷӾҪͷˡ
ζģ
غɫϲƣ֪һ˿治⣬еŷˣǮˣ檣ֻû뵽ؾȻȥȥġ
ǰһΪҪһû뵽ôҰҲϹˡ
˵Щ˸Уһʼɻ飬޻ǺȺģɺĸˣںǰ˸ӴŵݶˣҲ䣬檣ʼȾƣô;߽ݾøԶ۸ֵͣı԰ɡ
ˣȥˣǶҲˣζģû˹ְҲǻᱻᱻⱲӰҲ͵ͷˡ
һûأôһѱøʡˣǼصľĹְպûˣھҲȥ²Ż´ǧǻ磬ҲδعȥȻǻᱻ˳Ц
˵ӻںͷء
ʲôò׻ż죬ôһӣպеʱ䡣
˿ڲ裬ųЩ⡣
ǷҸһȥ߾Щԥǰ롣
ȥΪʲôȥҾͲ˵ˣӶǿǲ겻ھһͨûУˣȥؼҸɩǿ϶Ҳȥġ
ߣ޸鶼ǴģƷòѣǷ޳־ӣ˺ҲδߵͷҾȥɩڣ㾡ܷģ㹫Ҳ󣬲Ҫź򣬶˵룬ǱûʲôǸûᰡ
λ˼һ£϶ȥġ
ûãˣô˿ϲˣһ߳һ߶Ĺ۵һġ
֪᲻ǣ᲻Ǹѵѡ񣬿Ҫ֪ǿﰡ޸檵˶ȥˣɵðסȥ˱߾զҲͨ˵꣬¾ؾأʱҲŻˡ
һ佫УԼԺյģҲΨһ佫ʵ۸ǷҪɣΪǸõģ˵׼иõģģ˭µ׼
Լǰر߾Ĵ󽫾ھܸߣʵҪ˵ɵǿ϶ǲܵġ
Ƿɻ꣬ż˼أӿڣҲպһҪǾܾˣһģ檣òʧǻȥɩǿ϶Ҳȥ㹫ŻǸûᣬɰסˡ
˵һ֣أ˶ˣΪѣܹɪġ
ҲһԸͣóҲƫȥģȻҲˣЩһѣ˵Ҳͳء
һȥ롣
δֱӴӦ˿һۣ˻⡣
ϣȥһЩ֬ˮۣظҡ
ҺѾǰˡ
ںȲ裬󿪿ڵڳɽиׯӣ¿ˣůǱ߷羰Ǻÿ벻ȥ
ߺûãͻȻȥӮˣߵʱǳҲȥʱҲȥ
Ǹׯӣ֪λúܺãҲûȥӼ޹һֱڸɽ羰ȷʵֱӵͷӦˡ
͵ȥ羰ˣ÷һ£տȻкܶϯЩҲȥȥֵˣȥסһʱҲڵġ
զȥ
á
컹ûڣڴҲģ޶˱Яڻ԰ڣʳɢţȻǣסֱ֣ͺܴ滹һӣʮůǣסȻһ㶣Щ죬Ҳûһϰˣɫָ糣
ǷޣԼҲûʲôþģںţһĻԾĵͷ
ӺٷδŲ쿴ž͸ϷһɲŮòͺܰ䡣
ΧŻ԰Ȧˣ˱ˡ
ûŹӣһЩô̰ϵҲûôܣ֮ҩ࣬ϸоҲûôˡ
ȥׯҴȥ̤ࡣ
ϴ󣬶ˡڴϣᣬʮֳ硣
á
ʱˣ˯ɡ
˵ͷĽȥ㡣
ڶһ磬󣬷ִưʰˣֻʰһСװ
ٷˣӶԸˣҲ׼ˣţͿԳˡ
á
뵽оůůġ
ǲȥ𣿡
ʹƲδУЩ⡣
ãȥΪź㡣
ʻ·ϣֱӱͷȥֻ˵ׯ϶źˣǵԼڽкüׯӣﶼ˵ģҲ֪ȥǸ
˾ǣе飬ֱӰӱڻա
ֱסԼҷţоİ
զǾͲȥˣҴȥõط
Ȼıע⣬׼ׯӣúõĸӹһ¶硣
á
һʱͣڰɽһ³򿪳ֱӰѳİҲ˳
ǰ棬һԲҲûҿ档
ȥɡ
ǡ
ǰũׯЩ𾪣ʱôһׯˡ
Լõģﶼ֪ء
Կ״źǣӵ־ͽȥˡ
˵ׯӣʵǺСһԺӣԺڴɨĺǸɾǰԺܹʮ䣬Ժиǣﻹһƥ
ųһȦֱȥݣڼҾ߼򵥣һӦƷȫʲôУ¹ﻹŮӵѣŶµġ
״һլɽ֣ܶľʺ϶˶ˡ
Ͼ͵緹ʱҲûӣզǳʲô
Ҹ
⻰һ˲侪ˣδ˵Ϊӵˡ
㲻ôң򵥵һǻģš
Ӷһʱ䣬ڷģð˳Ĵȥ߾ܵҪĸԸųɣ˼ȥôһ취ӮҲߣȥҪ߰ʱʵҲԶ
⻹֮һν󣬵һӦȫ꣬ʳ߲˶Уһס
ȥˮһ𡣡
á
һͰһǣӵ֣ŲԶСϪȥɽӭѾţ΢죬ﻨ㣬Се˾Υ⡣
Ȼ԰Ǳһζġ
л˵
²ţ´ǧ  


15 
ɽϪˮվһԣȡˮ΢紵Ļ㣬е˴δй⡣
Գʹû뿪ǣ¼ڽҲׯӲҵģڴׯϵһ˫Ů
ӶȡˮͰһԡ
ˣȥҪұ𣿡

ԼҷЩţɽС·е᫲ߣһߣо棬һֱǣδеʰ
ҿߵģҪˮء
ľͰ󣬵ҲСǿ϶С
һۣδǣ֣ɽһ߻ȥ
ȥ󣬳·ͷϵλ˹̶ӣˣҪҲɻǿѧ
Ҳһֲ̺֡
Ӫûлͷ𣿡
еġ
һ߻شӵ⣬һæ𣬳ŰŴ߲ˣûֱס
ϢһᣬɳڲԭһСľͻ·ǰһҸһڲԭϣݳˣԵҲԼҵģãû˴󲿶ӣں˾Ӫһרȥͷ
սգһСľͻᱻҪһ⿵ļܣץӣҲ԰졣
˵ĺɣţȴܲζоסʱܻᶪͻΧ䲻ף⼸ھǣٻ󣬽ʳһжƴðΣղŵġ
ҪҰɣҸ
⵶Σգû¹Ҳã֡
˵¹ףִӵؽóһֻõļϴ
ԿҪȼ𣿡

á
ֲðζӵȥͺã׷ˣҲͲֶ࣬һ򵥵˶
Ҳûţӹó꣬ˮϴһ顣
ʱãڰӸ˳׼Է˿̵һͨ˼ҵɷʮ
ȸʢʢ
лл
е˴δйҸҲůůģ޸ĸ
տ϶Ȳ¥Ҳóģһ߳ԣһ߳ޣ˿ģãɵöһ롣
ϣҪϴ룬˵ʲôҲ֣һһС룬Ҳϴɾˡ
ȥôҲøϴ뿴ż򵥣һֱӣʵܡ
˯Լ˹ıӣĥһ󣬶˶㡣
ʱԶһׯһߣһ߶ſڣ˵˻Ŷϱģⶼʲôʱˣû
𼱣˿϶ˣҲһסô϶ġ
ԼĶԼӮ˵Ʒ裬ϿһۣҲû˵ʲôС⼸ûһЩҲǺõģձء
һϦ£ڴϣʶ֮Ž
ʰһ£զȥ׺ĸס
á
Ҫһס𣿡
Ըͻ
ů֮ڵҲˣŴء
Ǻá
ȥţôҲ泯죬ʰųֱԼƥͷΣߵĺ
ϣ󱳽Լҷţܵķ羰ۿɼĺá
ʱͷҲȥˣɽв䲻ȣá
ʱ·˿һʱǵˣӮϾסһȽϴɽׯǲ٣ӶϱЦеġ
ĸס
ɣ˹𻨸⣬㳢
ӮӼ״ֱȥ˺Ժ䳡
Ŵϱ˳Եĺܿġ
ɽׯɣϵʱզںԺС԰￾ԣͰɻ῾ˣʱԵ㡣
῾ˣԵ˵ͷ
ԼҵļͥΧĺܺãӮʱ࣬޶˺Ҳ罺ᣬϣƿԼպӡ
ԼҸ׶ĸҲǲɳܾö֮ܿ
ĸãĵĸƵġ
ʱŮӵС»ԼѾߺŮҲ⣬СԼԼģһ㣬ĿùȥԶϡ
ԿŶϱֿڵ㸸˵ˣһȥ߾óóȻģ϶ҲԾҲ᲻üѹȥȥȥˣҲģǲȥҲ檵ġ
ΪȰԼģɺһ仰ǸжţԼȫǰԼŮġ
ϱ֪ĸ׷ģϱú˼ġ
á
䣬֧Ӯæſ⣬ǺһŹƣ졣
ҹպԲµգǵ㣬ͤһ߳ԣһߺȣν⼫ˡ
˰ɡ
⣬ԼҸ׿ڵ
ĸ׺ӾǳҲԲ˶ٵģ͸׷СҲ⣬ʵˡ
á
⿾Ѽ
ȥ󣬵ݸһֻѼΪ˷¿ڣõгССģˬɿڣҲˣԼҷЦŽ˹ȥ
óԡ
ѼۣļãƤ㣬Ѽۣζ
ǾͶԵ㡣
á
ڳԿСˣЦЦӮȥһӾ
ԳԺȺȣ֪͵˺ʱϺȵĶ࣬ЩˣȥϢûӮԱҲˣټԺӾʣ·޶ˡ
ܲסպȵĶ࣬Щ΢ֱӱȥˡ
˭
Сӣ˷ڴϣ󿪿ʵ

ͻȻֱӱסؿڣŲҪߣҪߣ˵˵žͿ״һı޲ðԼĹѪ
ȥˣǰҲӵġ
޷ŵһֱֻҪھǣ뿪
л˵


16 
һоʹʶ֮һԵգȻ˯
£ǡǵԼϺ˲پƣں˻֮飬ǲˣǺȶƬˣǹζû뵽Ҳˡ
ˡ
һյʱȻſ۾һԵӣᣬЦ
ͳúÿ˿̿ţ״ı޲ܸΪһ壬ʵĶţʮҹԵҲǼõģϲ
ôһΪˣû
Ǽ˴ҹȥˮϴӷιȽƲ裬Ҫ۾ˡ
ûС
ȶƬˣѾ벻ųЦЦ˽ıڻԼҷ͸ˡ


ûٳԣỹ˲پƣ˿̳뱧Լҷ쳤ϡ
ʱ䣬ִսڣʵţҲս˴˶ĥѷ֣ò
䣬ڲû˶յʱ󣬶˲齡
ߡ
߲ͱҡ
á
СӣЦŴӦˡ
ɽûˣҲ˼ʲôһʵ·ţ˸ױȥѾ緹׼Ĳˡ
вˣȵ㡣
԰ɣԱˣҴȥȥ䡣
á
ɽ£羰˿䲻ǵ֮һҲǺܷģʲôϡŹֵⶼС
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ɽвǻ
Ȼʵ
УɽﻹԶţҲ
˵ĲһƪǾǴٹ˵ɽׯﶼסŲׯ˼ҵģ˵ĵطһЩǻܿġ
ɽ࣬õġ
ô
ҾǺ棬ûֻ˵
ЩһҪģɱһʱ棬֮ӡ
뵽ʲôŻ֣صĶûЩޣǶһȫˡ
֪ʰˣҿ϶ðյġ
ţߵһٲǰ˴羰Ǻÿ˱ԭΪҪǣ뻹֣ʵʵĸǣҲû˵ʲô
סһӦʮ壬еƻġ
á
Ϊδ뿪ǣǺʲô棬ѹԼǿˡ
ӲһĸԸĸߣˣʱ䣬úպ˶뻹һõĻ䡣
뵽ӣߣվȥˣǾͺˣҲϥ¼į
˷߿ʲôѣƷжģ֮ǰ˲磬Ѿ룬Ҳõһӣкõģɰæһ¡
뵽ѣȻڵ
ϲ𣿡
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ֻҪ˺þС
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á
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ӿұ磬ֻҪһһ·ϵֻԸǿÿֱӾ͸˺飬Ǹ棬˵ڴǰĸڼ̾Բ
Ҳܺƣ죬Ҳ˵
ЪϢһᣬȥ
˿̣ڣа󣬼ĴУŵһԵѾ߻Ϊɵˡ
ҵϲˡ
綢Уǲһ㣬һ䡣
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뵽׼궼ûӣȻˣҲûʲôв⡣
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˵£ˣһԸϢ⼸ΨһźľûкӣǺˡ


17 
ʱڣſˣϷ￿ǣеģＸУҲõģϳӡ
ųſΧŲˣ߽һסˣһĿЩˣʮ棬ߵߣСİӵڻ˲٣Ҳ˼
ˣ󵶣ݣѧ࣬СϷֱҪ̫˼֣Ÿǰ
ճ¯ձȺձ͹Ҫһ
ûһ̯˳ע⣬ȻоЩˣͷ
Բԡ
Ҳԣȥ򡣡
á
뵽ݣҪһձϰָڿ¯һóձ⽹ۣɿڡ
ҧһڣԾ۾ݸʾҲԣоʳǰʮǴδԹģʱҲԣÿضᱻĸѵ⡣
ģ˽ܿعأ˵оСڡ
һһڵĳţʱ컹δڣֱߵһЩѾʼˣţϿ϶֡
ӣզȥҸջȰٺãΪת
á
⣬϶ίԼǣӵֱȥһĿջҪһõŷٺð֮󣬶ڶȳţҲһЩ
ʱѾЩˣɫʽĵڽֱ߸ÿ
ǵԪƻÿġ
ǰҽԪʱһȥ˾ǵĵƻᣬǺÿϧû񫡣
˵Щź
ÿ궼Упʱ򡣡
˻ʵȥְ뿪߾һֱĸףŻӣպҲǰźһԲ
ͲʲôԹ𣿡
߶ŵƣǽ̷ȻͲӣЩ棬ʱҲӣҶӡ
ǽǱߵģϲզǹȥһ
á
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ôҲŶӲǣھ͸ˡ
ӹֱ֮ӳˣӳԹģҲڹ۲죬״ˡ
㣬ըţ棬ˮγóԾͶڣһֹ˶ԵĲˣҲڳˡ
ǸõطҴ֪Щôóԡ
ϲպڴ
ȥһЩϡŹֵĶʱϵ˶ɢˣŴСĶŻȥջ
һ죬ϰˮϴȥϴ
һѶóһľͷޣǸղģһϲŶ˵ӵ̳ģϲվտ̵ľͷ޸һģһǵЦʾ˳
һ߰棬һһ仰䣬ǹʦδա
Ƿֿޣǰ˼һľͷ޵һ𣬻ǣ֡
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á
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ҹһڡ
ڶһ˱ţӾ㣬Ҳá
զǻȥЩ̯ò
ãû뵽ôóԡ
Ҳǵ٩һ䡣
óôˣ䶼˵ܳǸ
ǰܳи
ӵգЦһ磬س̯ȥҺϷ緹磬СӣвҶըÿҪˣӳԲ꣬ڳԡ
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á
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ɩӣϲ㰡ˣǵóԸһզǾȥԸھǮ
һᣬͻȻˣۿɼĿģҪ֮󣬱һ˵Сˡ
뵽ԾĿŵĶӣ֪ʲôʱиӡ
ǻᣬʲôǺ£ûҲصġ
ӿŶӣæڿο
һԵĸŶ˿ڵصӾˣҾȥģǰ˸Ѿͷûϸ¸ȥǮˣǰҲȥɣҸһ߾߹ȥˣС顣
ǰǿȥ
Ե˵ͷ
һȥлλˡ
˳˵˵ѡ
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߰ɡ
֪ҪӣҲǾϣ׻˵ĺãҪΪ಻и
֮󣬶˼նûͣ룬ҲʱˣȻ룬Ǿȥ˳ȥ䡣


18 
ڳ֮ǰһھСĲһ㡣
ܺãϵٵģ㣬Ǯĸ˲٣ҲһЩӣ࣬Լϱģ»鲻á
˿ӵģƶɮӹ
˸սȥûãһӭ˹ִԲʮְ𪣬ŴüĿġ
á
ˣҪģھǮʱӺɰóһӣڱĸˣǶʮ
ʩˣܵóԸ
֪ΪΣССоЩԣԵ˵ͷֱӳȥˡ
ߵʱ򻹲ǻͷһȻһӵıӰע⡣
ӣզڽȥ
ԼҷЩʣҲûʣȥˣڿ˵Ĳ֮ɫȻĺء
ǲϴͷԭϵӣɣ꣬ǲԭʿɺϲĶӣ죬Ĵ꣬һԭĺ飬ǰ꣬һֱǲԭǱߴӢۣ˵֣ɲ١
˶սӮÿζʤҪıܾãô뵽ӣɣ껹δԼٵĳȥ
սϣɣδ֣ԭǱ߶˵ɻˣѵʿûˣɼԭǱ߹дҪôδĿɺðչ
ôˣ
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һˣһóˣǿܵȻؾһˡ
˿϶߲ƣӣ˺ܾˣɺ뾩Ǻܽأһͼıġ
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꣬޿ϵӣûˣ޼ǵǳˣ¸ѵԭʿôء
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˻ǲǾȷݣֻлؾֻӽһһʮˣȥӵҲ˻ţھδ췴ԽʿǸذɲܴСʿһͬʵġ
δɣ߸͢еģ˹Ϊ֮ԼҸҲȷʵò佫ۺ졣
ҹ룬ʵͻȻȥİĹҶ˲ˣڶһУʱҲûʲôõĵġ
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á
˵ͷ˫˳˯ĸӵĺ󱳣Ҳ۾


19 
峿͸ɴսϣ۾ӵʶ֮㻽ƽ̡
ѾůˣĽͻˣǻ¯Ӳ࣬ûбӣҲ䡣
ٷˣүһˣ˵ȥ䳡䣬ū澸һ
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Ѿ߼״Ѿɫȥ뵽ԼС͹үǸȺϲԣ࿪ˣСúõģʲôá
˶ĥһʼ÷
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á
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ҲģҲ壬Щ
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ϣ˶Ҫŵģһ׼һǴŴСƷȥ̽Լĺѣӹȥʵ۶֪ˣ϶˹ȥˡ
żңӴѾ߽ȥͷŹķȥ󻹲ӣӡ
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ΪҽҪ緹ʲôզǾȥʲô
˰ɣ㻹ûأôҪТġ

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⼸춼ַճһ飬оǻ᲻е


20 
20
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֪µ˲࣬ʵǰв飬Ϊ˲עĿŻǴġ
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ĸȵһĸͬһиʵ۵ĹϵҲ׽һ㣬»ʵ۽죬ɼǺӵġ
Ѿ˰аˣΧҲвӼȻɣ꣬ɷϸ˵òʱҲ˸Ӿ׼ļ
ҲΪ飬ھǲ˻λսĲԭӣδ˼
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ʹڣʵµɫʮѿҿпˣû뵽ز֪ľͻôĲԭˣЩ˿϶߲ƣҲҿֵļʱҪ͸ǣǾ͸ˡ
·ģԽڱ߾꣬ǰɣҲǶΰ£ڣһܰЩ˶һ򾡡
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ԭһʼʳǺܲϰߣ꣬һЩ˻ǲϰߡ
˵ڳԿڣںȾǲˬģƫƫߵľƹݿջûЩⶼټ̾ˣһӳ˵⻹ء
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ܰɱˣʵõģκĲ㣬զǵ˻첻ȥճֽ֮ǰڱ߾ʱզôıûƵˡ
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ʱֵһֱǶǲŲʣ༸ֵ۸Լһӵطӣϧ绹ǸӣΪԵʣĸǱӺù˲١
Ͼû˸ҵδĿɺ뿪ԭˣҲչ˲Ǹˣĸ׿ô찡
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21 
ջڣһûһڵĺȲ裬˽Բ
ӣ˵˻𣿡
ڲҲţ²𡣡
϶ͷɣνʮϤ飬ʵ飬ǶԼĸ֣ñԼҪ˵ʵѰ˼ңǿԾ֣֮ǣƫƫڳĲԭһϰ䣬óӣĻЩ󽫼Ĺӡ
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Сӿƾٲɣ书У˼֮껹иڼңΪǰ;෬㣬˲ӣҲûıһְٰ˼ȥģŴӳ·ܲػؾӪ˴š
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22 
һڱ޵ãҲܺӣӼǹӣԶ󽫾ʥǰ˼֮꣬ȥر߽ٲõ鷳չһ
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23 
ȰֶˣЩ˴ǱҪ
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Ͽɺй۲쾩ǹԱǻʵۿصģбȨϳҸͷܸǣͨһЩԱûжЩұۣʱǿ˳Ĺԭ
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վһԣҲĿתĶŵµˣñиأǾ֮гǳضֻܽܳġ
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ǽϴ˿̾ˣ䣬ױţŵĶˣɫء
һ룬˺Ȼ˺
˱ӣסü˵˫ȣ
ǡ
ԸһԵױɣѷִңǰΡʵĳǽϣ˿ݵĺǻĴ򶷳棬ʮֺȴ˲ÿЩɣʱĴӴܡ
صյŵϢ¡
ɣֲףҲ˺һɣȻЦˡ
ɲķ񰡣ôɱҡ
׽ͽǧɱ˴
Ȼڵ´ʿԸоԼоˡ
˶֪ʵҪڣƷԭ˱Ͳ࣬ѲڣһЩڸֵ˿գųǽȥûýֱӴɣĶӣܼʱûˣıһѪӡ
ͬʱµļһĹûгֵĴ󵶣ĽɣЩġ
ô˻ᣬȻ¼֧ɣϥ˹ȥСŶ磬ܲм֮ͻȻо˫͵ع¡
ֱӰѼ뵽Ĺͷ۵˺ѷΡ
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򶷹У첲ϰһ£ˣҲɣ걻׽Ծ˿
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үؾ
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á
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Ѿһʱ֮ˣɣ걻˹еΡ
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سҰСû˵ǳ԰ټҷġ
ͣ˵ãȢŻҪӡ
ĳɽͻȻסһǸιӣЩĶ
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رΪôһӣǼķȻǵϼǰʺںĿǰˣΪԼΡ

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ʺҰٹٲ磬ĵ:ʺ󲻿ԡ
أúɽԸ㹲ͣҷ򸾣һ壬ҪԷƱ
á
һʼž͵Ϊ˺ӣĸԸġ


24 
ʪӴܣɣһԲǱѺģɱţſڿصҲĸ˰˸Ǵڸ֡
һ̣Ȼ뵽ȴԼĸ״ȰòֳĶһͻȻʼһˣĸֶȻȥ
ſڵȴδϾ˿ɲһķˣʵۿҪġ
ˣʵ۹ƣ޴󰭣Ŷȥ˹ĵΣһ˽ûлųȥġ
Լµ˴˵ͼȻô˼ܸȻ벻һһĳĿ϶Ҳһ
ô
˵Σʵ۲δŹȥѯһԵͷ
£һֱղŻѪ
֪ˣȥɣ󡣡
ǡ
ʵ˿ȥ
Ϊϣǻʵ·˼ģϾԭСͳ˲ٿ࣬Ҳ̿Ҳù
ϲԭˣһ˺дοҪ͵͵ģ˵ϸҪˡ
ʵ󣬵ҲС⻰һɣ͵ת˸һϮɫۣĹҲǽӲӵģӸµĿͷôץǹû
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󵨣ʻҲء
ʵɫ˱䣬δ˵˷ԸӺ⼸ˣúûȥϢһ£Ҳȥ
ʵĸ̫˵
ߺ󣬻ʵۺȻЦЦ
˵壬Ǹˣ˰ĸʹ綼߸žۣǲҲǳ֮ˡ
ʵۣΡ
ɣת˫ĿɺĶŻʵۣ޲ֱӳ
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ˣ׼ɱ
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˵ΣķգʵЦЦźȥˡ
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СֶŮϲɰ׼
ˡ
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ǰˣҲæˡ
ȥһԵʯϡ
̫ˣҴҪȥˣվߣˣھƣʱǻȥ
á
˸ҪţҲ֮е飬ܸɳһɾͣҲó
ҿҲ뿪ˣԸһߡ
ɣѾץסˣھǿ϶˶ˣԵ˵ͷ
Ҹһߡ
ȻˣҲûʲôþˣͿ̣ҪȫǲܵģشӦĺʹ졣
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ΥģҲú
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ŮĵȥҸӻӲš
ģŮҲջҵġ
һ˼ʱ򶼻¶ϱŮڼź򣬵ϲᣬδ檣ϱϱҲģǲ¡
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ĸĪҪģҸˣϱǸ֮أʢϱÿ궼źǻ̽͹ġ
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ҲлҪ˵ġ
ҿԿÿˡ
л˵ɡ
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ƿɫԾı˱䡣
ʵöڴ޹еʱģҲΪĸ׵Եʣǲ
˵޵ļױɣһٶ̧ŶһĶɴˣеľǹŶֵֻǣеľͨĽ޵ӣеڳУһ漸ǧеĿ쵽⣬ֻмĽ֪˽»ǧӵ˽ǮûУίߣҲҰִ
ϾүˣԼӲģﶼ˵㣬ĸֿˣҲûùӳԣοһֱ˵˱Ҳδػš
޺ΪԭҲǿܿļٺȥˣǾ͸ٻȥˣӴСǰԺùϵҲ㲻׺Ƿڻͽˣˡ
ݣҲûҪѻ˵ôɡ
Щʣ޿κΡ
Ϊı˹úýҲֻһ·ߣ˽ˣȥ˾Ӫûչˣû£һʲô飬ǿҪģսϵۣҲ֪
ƿ׺ˣ˽ȥҹ򸾣ȥһݹϵ˵ͳˣû뵽վȻ˵ôһѿǲѣˡ
ҪҪƤҪĸˣòڽ˰ɡ
˵תߣõģŮﲻðѻ˵̫Ͼǳֿˣã׼ʱ϶Ҳѣվ͵ðѻһ㣬쿪


25 
ߺƿӣɫʮѿŻصϯϣö˿Ҳû˵ʲô
Ͼڹеʱ򣬹ϵûá
Ŀ˲٣ͳҲˣƿųһᣬջסˣûȥϵĻϸ֮Ҳģȥ˱߾ûչЯԼǸӣҲǻɥȪ
߽õģҲֵ̫ˡ
Ҳû֪ǲ⣬˲٣ֱࡣ
ʱ֮以Ǻģ˭ûѴŲͶΡ
˾˵Ӽǰһȥ˱߾ҲǸ粻ֲܿĹӣ˸ȥֱ֮ȥȷŵƨ˵ʲôҪ
еǰûдԼŲˣڲӪ顣
񣬳峴񹽡
ϯʮǳ׵ģŮδֿӼвˣǱ˶ˡ
ãҲԡ
ڼ䣬Ƽȣ費ϣʱʱĻˣνּˡ
һߣ󰡼ˡ
˵ǳĸ׳һƷټҵĵӻ쵽λȢ˿νԲ
ү
޽ᷢʮ꣬οҲǴˡ
Ѿˣ°ɡ
ΪԼ˵ڣϾߵҲף˵ˣȴеźҪ˵ɰɣҲܸɡ
볯ΪٵıȱȽǣ˵ȫã˵ʥҲǻ
ϿһԼҷֿŲԶĹŮͶӣʵǶˣҲˣ̲Ƕġ
ү뷨²ǡ
óӲûзԡ
дӣʱʸ¡
ȥˣʮ꣬ϴδʵֲȱˣƻ˳ġ
á
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ȵе࣬طϢŮŮźϲźͳط
ԲδҲܿһ뵽Ҫ뿪ǣЩᣬҲЩǡ
ĸףһϱ۶Ѯ͸밲
á
ϱദ꣬δҲԭģǸܻῴɫˡ
ڣδȾƣĪо룬Լҷ֪ľô˯ˡ
񾲵˯գë䣬ӣС죬Ծȥ뵽պ޲룬ľʮּ
߾լ綼ʰˣ¾͵ˡ
ҹ䣬Ǳѵģӵ𣬽Ŵͷǻ谵𣬿ɷգСĸĶͷ
·׼ȥˮֱӱסˡ
ôˣȥ
Щˣȥˮ˯ɡ
СѾźԱߵģԴ󣬷޶սߣʱʱĻз£ЩѾͷûףҹźˡ
ţȥ
ʱˣڲԶԲϣ»һС̿£ˮ¶¿ڡ
Ȳ
ȡ
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һֱô𣿡
ڴϣ˫£Կڵᡣ
Цӯӯȥ
˵ĻܲţҲȫţҪúãǵÿԼǮһϴС߶ġ
˶޷Ԥе޶ǳֻ֮ģ˫ʱദĵεΣԾǡ
л˵
µĲ࣬ˣҲҽë֧ףɤۣͣ飬Ҳҩˣ͸µһ㣬һһ
Һˣ˫Ĳϸ¡


26 
ţʳԣϾⱲӾһһһ˫ˣˡ
ŻƽȵĺڶȺ˫
ڶ䣬ʵͻȻҲ֪ʲô飬ԡϴһҴҵȥʹ
ٷˣү֮ǰʰĶڹ££ûʲôٵġ
᷿ɡ
ǡ
Ա㣬Ŵֱӹȥ֮ǰԭƻȥˣ·޶Ҫһȥ߾ˡ
ڶһЩɣװΪǱ߹Ҳʲôġ
ǡ
ʰһ룬ϺӮȻˣϿŶϱü۴Ц
㶫Ǳ߲ߣȥҲˣҲù˼ʲôǱҲլӵģҲСߵʱǵôӣҵĻ˳ԲߣȥǱߺ󾭳дŻҪ۸ˣ㾡ܸңѵ
á
ŶһֱܺãԼҵļͥΧܺãֱֱ֮ȥҲûʲô߰飬ӮҲǴͳĴˣӶ
ʱ鷿ڣʵۿδ˵Ц⣬ϸһЦⲻ۵ס
͸оΧ̫ԣʵۿһûĻڻʵ۵һɵģεĺܺðˡ
ʱҲˣҲûȥˣǵûȥ
ǡ
ʵʹ˺ܶණһģߺȥ˵Ρ
ԼԴӱ֮ƹű߾ھܸߣһ֪ģҲֻһġ
þμµĽ죬ӻӵѡģ˼ȥĿ˾ľӪڣмΪܸɵġ
еڣûգɣӣưܣʮѿţʵˣԾһ
˵Ҫɱ㣬ĸֻܻ𣿡
⻰һɣӣδʳСˮۿɼһأ촽ѣ˻ơ
Ҳޣǣӣ飬һգҲҪ޵Ľ£Щԭˡ
ʵ۾ӸµĿɣ꣬Żɽв˼գ˻˵Ҳ׼ˡ

⼸ջӦԶɣɳƵЦ
ϣϼӹٽ
ʵûģ˵ͳȥˣɣĿ޲ֱӳ˻ʵۡ
ӹٽһ̣ûãηʹɣĽкңʵ۹˹δͣ
Ϊһɣ겻ԣûҪˣеǰ취
֪ĸȥ䳡˸ףӶ޻̸ģӮ˵꣬Ծ̾˿
ҹ壬ٻһҲûѴģǲܸɣܣ̫ܸˣʵҲɵ¼ɣ
ȥչ˺ԼϱҲͷʵĲ׾˼˸һ𣬵˾УǺú
ϥ¾ôһӣ¶ܷģӮ̲סĶ
׷ģ֪
ãҺﵣġ
һһ÷ʵ۶ǵóˣڵʰһӵ·Ϳɡ
׼˰ɡ
ˡ
һȥܹ˼꣬ڻˡ
Ȼʵ۶ʼ¼ˣ벻˳ۣع»ԼҵõѾˡ
ҹ䣬ӵϣһ߸ӵ㷢һ߸˵
Ҳ̲һǶģˮ磬ҫˡ
ϱ˶һƷھھļУӮӣǴ󽫾оλս

ϡ˽ĳ˯ȥ
ȴʧߡ
ôˣ
Ӯӵӣͷ
ҵİ񡣡
ǶɵǴĺúӣһңġ
á
ǰһ𣬱˼
л˵
ð̫ˣǣһ£vʱҼ֧֡
vÿһǧ֣Ҳϣ֧档
רкܶԤգҾͲˣǿȥϲǸղһ£Ὺģǵ֧־ҸµĶ


27 
֧ȥ, ҪˣڼҲ֪ʲôʱﰡеġ
˵, ˲ˮ, , , ãĵֱһ죬᲻á
ˣֲǲˣ綼ˣ϶һΡ
·;ңԶ, ֲ, Ҳܲοһ·Ҳʲôġ
Ǿͺã, ⺢ûиˡ
˵˲۽ǵᣬԼСɫ, ⺢Ƿ˺ܾõģ, ȫҶ˵ĲС
, Ҫסʲôʱ򶼲и, һʱ, һӺ, ޶֪⻰Щɷ羰ٻǵøԼ·
źѣͻȻڵ
֪ӶȥˣǺ֪ϧɻܳһʱ䣬ҲǶɪغȻһΪòôΪĸż
˶ˣȻìܵģҲһ·ˡ
֪ģ㰡ҲڼպڿһˣҾԵýŴ࿴ˡ
ʱҸһ𣬹
˾һ𣬸֮󣬱ǻҳ˵˵ЦЦһ鶼ЩأϾ´ڼ˵׼ˡ
絽˾һδȥǣ˶ǸŸĸһõġ
ɼסˣȥˣôҲǵطֲ࣬ȲþǣŵǧС㣬㰡ɱ𲻵¡
ϸɷԷʱ䶼˵顣
Ҹ㣬ҸһպͷŪʲôŮģǿɲϵġ
ԿԼĸףͻȻоӺǼģϸϱôãûҪŮûҪŮˣҪ⼸ˡ
ŮϣҪ󲻶࣬檵Ĳ˵õģһ͹ˡ
£ĸ׸檵ʤ˿Ϊûʲôԣ˵ΪãѰ˼Ҷÿøһοѫ˼ҡ
ĸףˣ˵ǲҲҪŮġ
⻰һϿŶӵ۹ˣ׻˵ĺüҺˣöˣ治ʲô£бպǣҲһϵе飬ٸ˼Ҷ˰ġ
Ҳ￴ģĺǱȵճĵһͷŮҲã켣ٳҲãǰһͷҲ˵Ҳ֪ģҾúֲƽȴ粻
˵㸸Ҫ檣ҰѺ׼ˡ
˵꣬Ӧʶķ˿ӣӮ˵̶ûʲôȤҲţ˵ĶԣΪǴСףpanpan͹ˡ
öˣклһѲģǻ粻Ҫأ߹ҴҵּҲ鷳һĸֵܻͬãǣ϶н٣鷳ȥˡ
Ҷ֪¡
ӮֱӷףҪӵ֣״˸ͷˣϸõĺܣ϶Ҳ϶ġ
ߣûһ£˳Ҳʱۼķ⣬̫үڣǵʦ𾴡
ϧ˾˶ĸ軵ˣۼǴǰˣŮһѣ˶ʲôðǸ߲ɵͲ͵ġ
Ϧ£ڲᣬҲзֱʱ򣬺ߺ󣬿ݵӣһԷ
ٷˣū󶼲ˣûʲôȱġ
ãȥɣӿڡ
֪ΪΣͻȻˡ
һȻͽˡ
һղҾ֪˼ҵز
˻࣬ġ
ڵСѾ߶˳ȥǰֱӰ§ڻһС֣һ߸˵
һ磬ڻȥҵɣ̡
á
Դӳʹδ뿪ǣ뵽ԼʮҪһȥ߾ʱʱһѾʰһֿޡ
˫ȫɵĸҲˣ֮ǰҲݱˣȥһҲ޷վҪ뿪ˡ
شӽıӪ˼УģҲð㡣
á
һ·ߵǹٵƽ̹Ҳվ㲻õġ
ʱڸոպãҲȣһ·ϻܿ뵽ӸԼȥʱļӣ룬϶ϲġ
֮ɣ˵ԭһζ
á
ȥǱߣʲô֮ģûǿˣڵģ뵽շ⣬Ǻÿ
ڶһ磬ݱϺӮ޶˱ȥ˳¼ңѾӣʵһأǼԼ뷨ʵ׼ˡ
ѡûҪǸƿͼ룬߶Сʵмʵѡûöѡ
߳񲿶꣬δ꣬ҲĹĳϲҪˣֱͽھǺúϡ
¼
ĸ
Ůض񣬿
ϺͳҲû뵽ҪˣŮŮֹˣһƬТģĸ˶ء
ĪҪҸֵɣÿддĺò֣أҲʡȥ˺ö鷳ڼҰϣð
ϱӴСˣ˼ǣҲԼҵ𣬿飬һҲġ
ǻʼҿɷںܶ˿ܿϧȴߵĺܺãѾһƷˣûǨĿܡ
ʵ۱ͶɣҪ˵ٻǼҲȱˣþգǴ˵ˣ϶Ҳѷĸ׵ģŮ¶Ҳûʲôõĵġ
ãǵøд
İɡ
緹󣬶ֱӳˣڣϣ˯ˣ˾ǣͿʼˡ
һ·ͣͣģҲС꣬۳Ͷ٣ӻڣҲҹ·Ҳûôһ˵ս࣬༾ڶá
ҹ䣬վͿʼϢ
Ƕס᷿ͨŷڣϴڰ׼յ·һ·϶ģ粻СϿ϶лҳ
ɫ£ɫۣͷĹᣬϲ壬һֱǸɸɾġ
ɾͺãԶ֡
ùͷźɫ³ȥ
ýǣ˳ֵ顣
׼öҪ·齴ƣ׼Ϣ齽ӵ


28 
ǰ˯ö, ҹоЩ룬ȴôҲ˯ţŬ˯ŵӡ
𣿡
Ż, Ȼ۾Цʵ
֪û˯
û۾, Щ⡣
ҿķ, ûʲô֪, Ȼ˯ţɵġ
˵꣬˴ͷڶʱһƬ
˲Ŵԡɫĵ, ܺ, Ҳۣϸϸİ·ʸͷ
˯, 绹·ء
䣬ĺãҲôЩ, ϰӵĺߡ
ڶһ磬˼·, ϻ˯, ˯С죬ҹվɡ
º, ôĸĸ
, Ƕ˶ڴ, ɶһʱҲˣȻЩġ
ûкӣò檰ɡ
һɫĶԼңȻ
ʲôأҪ檻ȵգǸ뷨˽ĸˣֻǵĺʲôʱˡ
⻰һģ֮ǰһڱ߾׳߻ʵԶģûǸ뷨Ƹˡ
ԽԼҷ˲䣻ֻ֪ǵܶһӣҲҪôңҿɲίԼ㲻ܺ룬Ҳ¡
ûһ֮ǰ񵹾ûʲôŶһ󣬸ļ룬иŮӸһܣֻġ
ʥּͻ飬͵ڴʵ۵ǲܣǸңҲûµġ
˿̣ӣԽοɰѧвˣϲ
ҲбŮˣҸ£ҲҪÿ
ֲ᲻صһӵգӵ¡
˵ɻ˺ӣҲҪء
ñͲ࣬ǵһ̣Щġ
˵£Ů˫ҪһҲˣû㣬ҲкӣǺѵķǸĳĲ˵϶ûãģǿòôʱġ
ǰĻûеģģķĳ֮ǰҲһ˲ţ֫ȫҲ
Űһȭ᲻صģҲû£ʱˣҲ˯ˡ
ȥһ·ͣͣģ֪Ҳ˴·
ԽԽ䣬ഩ㡣
һ𴲣׼·ùϡ
á
һ·ϿɽĿۣԭΪǾõģɳ˾֪ʲôɽơ
ЩηڹٵϣʵҲѱ᲻һ˿磬ˡ
·;У͵ﶼдţ˴ˣƵǵ˱߾ãյˡ
ҹ֪ĺȻ˴꣬žģ񱾾˯ǳ¸˯ˡ
ÿ굽ʱꡣ
˵꣬ӿԼţ֪ΪΣԼҷĪоİ֪˯˹ȥ
߾ԽԽˣǲգѵһ֧ױԼĪٶˣˣֱӳٶڴ󷽱ӡ
˵طǰլԺʵҲСˣղ޹ӣӽȥ游ĸסլӡ
ѾҲ࣬ʹӰˣ涼Եױӵİȫ
ʵǰʮжʮ򣬺󷽸Ǻܰȫģǵ˱¹ӣ뻹һʧĺá
ٺӣִҴҴȥ˾Ӫ
ٷˣլӲ
˴θѾ߾ʹһˣ⸮ҲмϳӣҲæĹ
ǲ
ŹϾɣϸһҾߴʲôĶܽǺľǽ˿ľԼ˶սԡѪսҲӦõġ
ʵʹˣڲҪǹƻʵ۵Ļλ̤ʵˣҸ鱦㶼ҪҪʲôսպյ˼ңûǸʵ۲ġ
ٷˣﶼʰˣȥЪţū·
û£Ҹһ𡣡
İĳǳأ֪ΪΣоǼҲ˷ܣĪʲô·Ӵ֮󣬹˶¾ͳɣʱҲɡ
죬ǴŶ¸ոպã浽˶죬ôŴء
˵صӪ֮ͱһ١
ôģϱҹѰǾüį

˾ӪһĶŵӣ˵ҲģԹЦ
ȥݷһԷˣԴûɡ
ºȻڵһһ豭˹ҲҿļʱˣҲմЩˮ
ȥͲȥҰϱ˲Уĸ׸ˣ˵ǰɫһӡ
ڴԼ¾Ȥתͳȥˡ
Ӫפ˵ʮʿ󷽻жʮ򣬰Ӫկм䣬ӪԱߣƾסӪˡ
뿪ӪҲСһˣһͶ뵽˹УæûԣǼʿѵ
һæˣ֪춼ˡ
үջδ÷ء
˵꣬һӣʵھӪԵûôֻҪͺãһͳԣ󿪿ڵҪسһˡ
ǡ
ӣҲˣƬ̱ӰɼƼ¿źѣȻλȤ
ʲôˣôǣң˴˱߾
ʰһ찲ٺ֮󣬳˷ȷʵȾǣҲ׼÷֮׼ȥЪϢ춼ˣ֮ǰҲ˵ʵ̫ҲͲˡ
ôģէзţ϶Ҳһ㡣
ԡͿ̫ʦϵͷӣǳǳһЦʮᡣ
Ļû˯
ոѾͷһʰҲʰһ鷿
á
ӪС٣ҲֻһǰΪǵĳ׼Ҳ
ίˡ
ô׼ﻹǲ義ǵģΨжãֲΪһǧСھãõ⡣
ίһôί
ȻһЦԼҷȥ
һ·ϰ࣬ҹ罺ᣬϰԣɻ˵Ŀշ
ҹˮ޶˽ӵһ𣬺޲ܸԷ϶Ϊһ


29 
˾Ӫ, ճͺٴۣҪףⶫصĲ, ġ
ͼ, , , һԼֱӴˡ
߰ɣȥ÷
á
Сˣʮ嵭Ҳɿڣõļ, ЦԼҷл
ڵȰ, ʱ򣬴߹һ£һ·۳Ͷ, ҲúϢһ¡
á
߾ǳҲаգ٣һϸʲôصĺӵİȫú, һ޸֮Ůӣǵýһ㡣
, ˴ȥ, Լȥǲĵġ
Լҷ, ϴ, ׼ȥԺ, ƫ䣬߲˿ֵ̫ܲĳܲӦǿԵģŻδ붬һЩ
ԺĵؿҲǿš
ܲһ㣬ɸֳʳʲôܲɣܲˣˣأܲҲõġ
ٷˣôֵء
ƿ²ԼС㣬Щ⣬ǰھǣǺεȵĸ߹󷽣ôһҪЩ
Լֵģɶõġ
ǰһӦ񶼽ϣ¼û϶ԴҲİھޣױЩ˼µùĹܼҹͺãȥ˾С
ܲһ鶼еķùɣǰûɵ飬¶ǿ
ǣǺܺãū澲ᰡ
㲻ҲȥӦûᡣ
ŴƸԼһҲڸﳤģҲڴʹֲ֪֮¡
ˣؽкܶʳǴװ棬ʲôȱġ
Լ֣ʹЩ⣬󿪿ڵϾֲ˲ǿô򵥵ģѰ˼Ҷɣ˾͸˰ɡ
֪زһֱţǲ˷ô־ˡ
á
ʹʼʾôӣĺ棬һԿţҲ棬ϾɾҪɺá
ʾͶ˱㿪ʼ˳ܲˡ
ӪѵʿģԶţӲͬλĽ𹥣󷨣ġ
ӣڹһӶȻʳˡ
µǲ£Ǿ鷳
֮е飬ɣ걻ܶƻ֪³Ѹ٣ѾϢ˵ӹ˧ܻ׽Ǿ͸ˡ
⻰һ²Ծĵ˵ͷ
û£κ߲бµģأǿس֮׽ѣҲûпܡ
Ϣû
ĵĻ
һ͵ˣĸѾȥˣ˵Ӱ˺üʮ±ӣţҲˣǿˣ˵Ͽɺ治Ҫ˼ò˼ң˼ĺûãǴ۸ҲܲˣҪôôߡ
á
úطдۺ˰˰Ӽ͵ʵ۸ǰ
ʵҲδػţĸԼĿɺ֮λҪء
ɣ˿ڱʵ񸮵Ѷʵ˼ĸ˵ˣֻҪסУ˼ɡ
̿ɣûһõģһʼʵۻģ˵̼ķˣں̿
ѾǵˣɣɫҰף޾ҲͿǿš
ǳˣл˵ȥֻܸ޵Ĺ˵ˡ
񸮵Ҳǳصģòûʵʹͣʹ˸ֶΣǾͲŻ˲˵졣
и취˵ǱߵϸǱҲȨƵˣŮ˿϶٣Ϻõҩء
ˣˣһŪ˸Ūûô죿
ģ˵ģܣˣһĸãµġ
ôĥԼɣ˫ɺ죬޲ܳˣ廨󣬻ţҲû취
ûãһСҩˮͱǿȥ
ڲԭδȢޣҲжʮźģЩǲԭĴˣǰֻҪʤ̣еģеǿɺʹ͵ģӹûǺġ
ޣɣôҲȢŮܸаյϿɺ֮λ
ĸ䲻ԭҲֻǼҴҲмԸӴģ˵˵ͻȥףŽԼҸĿɺ֮λ¿ûϷˡ
ʱҲ˼ץϢЩ֪ĸֿ϶Ƕĸ׿϶Źġ
ʵ̼ɼ˻ڵģϾ߶жԷϸ˴˶Դղ
ͨʵż˵ЦԼжϳĸӲùҲã˻ڡ
ҩЧˣɣлԼڲԭЩң欣ɫ죬񸮵˿ǹЦ
鷿ڣ˵µĻʵ۲δֹӲʲôãеǷӣƲԳԷƣҲܹ
ù˵Բӡ
ǡ
ʵ˵꣬ĸȥ˹ڵĹ
ʺ͹ͥ񣬵Ҫ˵谮治٣ʵ۸ľ߶أ˭Ӯ˭䣬ǿ˵׼
ĸ̫ҡҡͷŷ𳾿첽ĳŹĹȥ
ڣԴͳ뿪֮Ϻϱ㾭һ棬ǰն˶յţ׼ǻš
׼ңҹʱǶˡ
˵еıʣʱ䣬ҲˣЩŽĶ·ϵţƹ˶ãֻᴫƽš
Ҳյˣӳķ羰Ǻܿĵġ
ˣҲˡ
߾ڵĸ磬ΪԵʣһʱŵӻû˯ڿδϴֱ˹ȥ
Ŀʼˡ
ǵϲμǣ඼ǲģȻֲص鼮
ںԺֵ㶫
á
ԺҪǲ԰ҲԣЩֲǰڵģһļ̵ģˣ㾡ֺġ
ϵδԣ֧
ȥϴ˯첻ˣϿ顣
֪ˡ
飬ȥһˣΪأ˯ţſʼġ
һյʱ䣬ʹ¹˳˵ơ
պ̫ˣЪھӪɣúϢ
޷ܲܰնؿշɣһҲ
˵꣬ӵֽ˽
ܣҲࡣ
û£ֲܲʱˣ˯ɡ
ƺۼˣûþͳ˯ȥ
л˵
дˣҵ죬Ҫҵڵǰͣ飬ͣؿԣͣغˮܣð̫ˣһҪע
Ϲvг齱ϣ֧Ķֲףĺܲףv󲻻ϸģÿһҪҺʱ䣬϶Ӹġ


30 
, ߵĳѩˣѩһգҲˡ
ߴһʱ, Ҳϰ, ŵ, ڰ̿, ջϵҲ䣬ﴩĶһͺá
˿̣ڸдء
ƣڶеĥ
ǡ
ƿԼС㣬Դ, Сδ, ճǳ˵泯죬Ҳǻ
ھ, н»ūͳȺμӸǶţʮֽ, һ̶ҷɡ
ȴСǰĴĻҪÿ
ôһֱű˿ʲô𣿡
ū澾÷˱ǰÿˡ
𣿡
ϸ, δԼ, ֬۶ϴͿ󼡷ˡ
뵽Ծͭǰȥ, ˿̾еŮƤ, , ˻Ǹˣź֮ǰ˲٣۾Ҳˡ
ˣǰΪ˳סŴĴ඼Ǵݵϣͷ϶ǽλŶǶţײЦŹ˫ʮװȴ˲١
˿ڼ򵥣ҵ٣ǼЩҲٳֵģҪȥˣʱ䳤Ҳĥ̬
޶ҲûЩ飬˹ڼʱĴ磬Ϳ֬ĨۣûЩӦ꣬ίߣǿ˲١
Ǳȴǰÿˡ
ϵĵӺûˣо˶˲١
ˣǱ׼û
ˣҪ³
ʱ¹ǲ³ģѾװڵʳģҪͷβĿʼһٷЩš
֮ǰԸôҲ
⼸û£ҲȥأоǺѡ
ūһȥȥ
дţѾʱ֣ŷúͣתͳȥˣ˯ǰһ㣬ǰ׼š
ʳѷ󣬾͸ˣڲȱ⣬ⶨ˵ʱ򣬳һһľѼľˮݣʵҲ˶١
ڰ˶ȥ󣬳׼ߣӿʼɣ˵ԶԸˣҲûʲôüƽϵġ
ڿһƪֳʳףʼ
һˮڼʹлһС׵ΣȺͼ΢壬ʳôдģҲôá
򲻺ƿأСһʼҲˡ
ɽţСһĳ˿ŻãûˣǿŵǷˡ
ˣȷܳˡ
ɣܳأ˭뵽һһӸӣһ磬Ϊһʱ顣
ߵԺܲоԭΪϺʮа˾Լ׷ѹ򣬲뻹ǳˡ
׼ˮҪԡ¡
ǡ
˲࣬󣬴СѾߵ鶼ɣҲԹԣϾС֮ǰʹǴӦģСʮִ󷽣Դֱӷ屶
ҲûŻˣǺúǮǮǵϹҲ̵ġ
ԡ¹󣬳ȻоЩ룬С˯һᣬһѾˡ
Ĳңһ˷ء
Żˣ˯Ժ££㷢󿪿ڵ֪˻ڳһһԡ
֪ջ֪³ж༤ɸսݿ˯ˣһ
ʶ֮󣬳ӵҪ·òˡ
ƶ˹ķȹã֮󣬲ԾĶ࿴һӾͺܲһǱ
ҲԼҷû˵ʵõ ˣһαˣˣ˽ˣľ¹֪֮Ϊһ̵ֱðˣҿæ˹ˣڶػܺһ㣬СãǱӺû͸û⣬ٷ֮ζͲˡ
ղζΪúüν㡣
⻰һȤ󿪿ڵνʲô
ڵ򣬵ҲڣˣƹǷĿˣһڴĿԼЦЦδ˵
ԳԹãǲóҲѳԣȹüûиճҲѼȵһβʣˣо̵ģһûæ
ϲպÿգ
ãԼҪעⰲȫ
ϲҲûżһξˣԼѾίˡ
ҹõĳ˼νĳŭĵһԵˣڲ֪ͲҪͷĺ˫
Ӫ棬ԭʿפӪڣɣڸԼļĻµսƻ
֪ˡ
ӣ´һ˻ģӡ
Ҫ˰в²Ρ
һ˵Ӫһ°ˣ⻰˵ĺֱӣҲģ⼸ǿܵ顣
ˣǰٷ֮аյ飬ľͲ˵ˣӶţǰʮ󷽻жʮֲԶǳһǱסģ˭ܳϰȥǲܵ飬һ߾͹ˡ
ģǵĽʿ䣬ǵʱһɿǲԭʿܹʮֻжһ룬ССû⣬ǣǲܵġ
вûǵˣ
˲ģ˵һ䡣
㵱ԼլڻĽҰⰡֻҪǵһ֣Ȼᱻ֣ʱ򻹻ݾߡ
˵ô죿
ɣĿźӣǰòģǸбµģ࣬ûзϻ
˾ͺãһ˰ˣδزɱˣͷŴоɱصӣɱǿҲЩҪ˭аֱɱ
⻰һӪڵɣ궼ûǸ£οء
ǰҿ˸鲻ҪȻαشԶİ˴ء
һӺȻվ˵ʵеķӣϵǱˣöҲóģĴС㣬ܵأʱһغܲ˴㻹⣬ս϶ǰˡ
˻ţԴסҲٲˣҲеķˡ
Ǿô죬ģȥ죬˱͡
ǡ
˳Ӫʡ
𣿡
ĸɣʵһʧȥ˰޸Ӻˣ˵һټǣĿս
УֻǾλʵãȥڶɣǲźڲġ
ˣɣǱ߻ûϢ𣿡
ûУ˵һֱǱǰʱһЩ飬Ϊ˸õɿɺģòصĸ
֪ԼĸĸɱˣȻɱĸйޣҲ֪ûʲôµģ֪һ죬Ѿǿɺˡ
ɣ˵һ־ڱصá
вԭǿļ֧֣ǸøӣɣǼôˣԭһʿˣܸôˣֻϵһѵ=˶ûˣҲûˡ
л˵
ǣǧʰ죬ĺҪ


31 
Ӫ, Ҫֵʱ뵽Լӣһ±úܺ, Ҳһʱ, ÿԴȥˡ
, ѩ
һ, 򸾶˾ˣҪţҲЩǰȻҪյ, Ǳ, ʵԼҺԺǰҲûˡ
ųţȴˣ, μΧûˣıѵˮ㣬һ, ״ֱӱӣǡ
һǹ, , ŵǺɫĴ멣ǰ, һҲ, Ӵ˺, ñӣס˶Ͱֻ¶һ˫֮ϣ˸ñǵġ
䲻䡣
ϰⱱص򣬱Ͼ˲ʱ䣬ҡҡͷڴϣ滹żβЩ
Ҳȷʵ䣬Ŵ멣ʵʵһӣ͸ǻ¯Ƶģôܻ䡣
պûк硣
˵ӱԼԾļӿٶȣҲܱߵ̣ûһҿŵģʱʱգҲݹᾣɫͨ졣
˳⣬ûǣţӳǰȥ
һᣬϡɼѩɽ²Ծǡ
ʱ󣬶վɽ£Ρѩɽ񾪴ˣһ·Ҳ˲ǰѩɽΰ׳ۡ
ǱضеģҲѩûߺÿܿҲѩˣϲ
˵꺬ĿǰˣԾͷ
ϲ
ûʲôɿģһ·Ҳˡ
ůˣʱпʱ䣬ɺá
á
һȤ羰ҲĶӣ˲Сʱʹ˻ȥˡ
ѵһ죬Ҳܹ濴ȥڷ̿裬ŵմ˺Ĵ멺ñӣҲδо䣬ֱֱĳȥ
ƼԼСۿɼĿģү˳ȥ
ղôЩ𣿡
Լױ̨ǰжñӣЩ⣬Ǻæİɣ岻Ϣһɡ
ǿ˼ѵǰӵ
ãһ𡣡
˵Ĵϲ˵Ǻܿĵġ
֪ķദʲôӣԽԽãˣķ޸ճ׻ᣬһ󶼻ÿԷ
֪ΪΣ˷ǸоԽԽϲ˴ˣҲСˣΪûһɣ˴Ҳòˣ֪ΪΣ񿴵ȴǰ
ֿʼŤһӣûаģ̫á
ǲӽճȥʱӲʣʮֿƣҪˣ˷Ҳû£벹ϣ뵽ֱӰѹȥ
ܾĻδڴͱϣԷˣɡ
ʱ֣δϢˣ·ŵ´ȥˣˣóԵ㶫
úϢɡ
ٷˣŵˡ
Ϻһŵģдֱװһŷӹ֮תȥһԵ᷿
ǸģֽʮţǹģԵΣסΣӿвʣü۴ЦĿţȻòˣʸźĸ׻š
׺͹ȻҲʺԼСϲ̵ģһźţҲۿɼĿġ
ŹѾǰʱ
úдʹȥ÷
ǡ
һ˯ʱ򣬼Цӯӯɫܺãյ˼˵ţԱ㣬׼ţֱӽһĥ
زţҲ˲ٶء
֪ŮϲμǣΨûУѾʱеĻμǶˣ˸˹
Ǹϱ˺ܶ࣬ӵġ
Ź󣬿ױ̨϶˶ʮӣЩ⡣
ӵջûİƴأݣĸôࡣ
ǲһģ󼡷ģ㿴Ϳ֮ϻģأۣɷۣõġ
洫ؼ͵඼Ǻܺõģ⼸õĶŸģƤҲԽԽá
֪ˣʱˣ˯ɡ
Լˣܿ˯ˣµ࣬ҲۣرôҪ
ô˯š
۾ӡ
û˯ɡ
оϻЩҲã˯ýһ㣬ã⻰￴ţĳ֪Ļ˵ġ
ӽ۾üëڶЦЦֲԾĽ˽Ҳ
ĸ룬컹δ׼ȥӪˣŴ˯ӣ㷢ڲҲʱ
ʱˣһԵıˣҲ⡣
ˣжһһģʳ߲Щ򲻵ģ붬ǰѾ׼ˣ³ȥǵͲЩ
ǲʮ𣿡
ù緹󣬹µһŵӹƷǰûԼˣǵøŮ˿
ܿ쿴꣬Щɻ
ھǣҴҵҪĶ٣Ҳй̶ĵ̺ʱ䣬Ǿͻͻţʳ߲ҲãϣǳԵĸ㣬ľϯǿŵġ
֪شߣϺǱ߾˱Ͳ࣬ѷܶණ޹ģܶ򡣡
ԭˣȥɡ
ҲǣӾһ·һʼ·ʮƽ̹쵽ߣͿʼӿݵģ·ߵҲԽԽ١
ˣĹ࣬ﶼûġ
ƣźīҸдš
ǡ
ԼСεĹµģΪڳ¼Ϊū뿪Ǻ󣬳ԼЩ޵ׯΪ
Ҳ˲ǮǮûҲûã׼滻ǰӾǱ֯һ̶ӹӣԶһЩеģûеƷ̿ЩھǲֵǮģﱡ϶ǲġ
Ҳû׬Ǯ߾ǳصİձͿ·żȻݹ᾵ģսҲǰա
г֤͢ɰ벻طһ㶼û취·ȥأﻹ
Щʱû
ˣȷʵȱЩӾ˹ĻɱӲ٣۸̫󣬰տ϶ҲģǱˣ͵Լˡ
ᣬҴһ߾ó׺ͻῪģʱŲԭЩƤ֮ĵȥھҲǿ׬һʵģǲ̫ܵġ
߾óʵҲǰٷְٵģÿ궼ǵÿʵ۵飬˾ͿԿ鲻ãͲܿʱ˱ݲߣûԸ£ĺ٣Ҫ߾ǳҲôưܣһս¾ͺƵ
Ҳһȥûǰ¸˵ˣƻῪҪɾ͸ɰɡ
á
޶ӣһЦӵһ𣬿񾲵ݣ룬Ը³ڣ顣
л˵
ǣϼˣʮһ£һԺϾŵµġ


32 
, ̫ůһЩ
ԼֵܲƲ, ĸϲ·˾ܲ, ܲ, Ϳˡ
ٷ, ū澿ȥתתȥ
˺ܾãһζûȥҲⱱصĳǳأʵ̲סˣǿˡ
Ե˵ͷ, ŴƿڵҾͲȥ, ȥӳȥɣҲϤ
á
ƽӺ, ӵҲ⣬΢ʰһ£ӱһȥˡ
ԶڣųŵĶ, ˲Ծĵ˵ͷæ¥
׼, ֱȴͻȻ˼, ˶һۣ׼ԶԶĸš
ǵ취ɱ, , ٽ, Ͳν񣬵˶׵˺ü춼ûԳš
Ը˾͸ˣҲûֻ֪һŮӡ
߿ɲȾǣ㿴ͷһҲ¡
ҲھǱߵģмʶģƵ߰ˣԿţʰĵǺܸɾװԼճһ췢
ӦþŮӣ㿴ѣһǺõģֻһˣôо԰л𣿡
ӿͬ飬ֹ˵
Ƶھ￴ͨͨߣǸ˼ҲŴģûġ
ڲԶͣʼ˵֮±·˵ľǶˣɣ˵Ľ飬ɱ˳ڼ޻ʵۣûԭֿԭҡ
ʱǵĻˣǱϸ϶Զ֣Щ˿дõģҪ޻ʵ۵ģԭʡ
أֻӳŸģ㲻ǣҲߵѾߣ취£Ҳеչ
ԸһʱȥҪûѶʳ߲ԸѾ˳ʳҲûǸᣬ뵽տǰƽ𣬼ֱϹ˵˫ۡ
ڲҶЩûԸҲǣѫ˼ңܿߵĲҶ㣬϶дͨ¶Ǿںò
˵͹ӡ
ÿγŶǴʮֵľԴ߾֪²ȾǱƣ߿ǻҪġ
ӮڵʱӾ飬ЩҲһЩûҩģٵģҪ°ġ
ůһ㣬һֱԼͬ·ǾͲˡ
ǿܱ˸ˡ
⻰һѡĴһ
ģҲͷ
ƲԾĶ˶תӵ֣߽˼䣬Ƶֺ£װ򶨵ӣ˵ͷҲֻԸܳɡ
ؼʱǧܵӡ
ţһѲߵʿ·ʱȻһˣס˵ȥ·Ϊ׵ʿɫ˲ˡ
λү˼ԸģŲСˤһӣܲܰҸͻȥ
һ̣ƾװƽӣ찡̫ˣû뵽ƽôٱѲߵʱô׼
Ϊ׵ӱɫˡ
ֻ֪һԼңȻԽˣҲҪȥǱѲߣȫû⡣
ãҲҪȥ
һѲ߱ʮˣǶ˼ӵµһ̣ת
ƸʿһһߵķӣԸſڵĻһ̣ŵŷ£Ҳ̫ˡ
˳ȥʿżǰѲߣӣѾӰ
ˡ
߽Ժȷȫݣֱ̯ڵء
Ī£ǰȫˡ
Ҳȥˡ
ƻŵܹӺھأҪ󲻸ߣֻһס˵լӣʮĶأиͺãɲﶪС
뵽ʲôææĳԼСȥ
ôˣ
ߣŽʿһѵʱỵշһƼææܽɫ԰ףѯʵ
ˣˣǱˣū澸ӳȥûþͱ˸ţҿӷˣ׼ҪҪˡ
طȷʵ̫̫ƽʲô˶Уڸ㾡ܷģܰȫġ
˵ͷߡ
ˣһЩ˰ҹŻô죿ҿ˴ˣ˲ܲ¡
ģЩǳصģҹѲߵʿֻ࣬죬Ҳղ
뵽Щ˸Ļƶʱİһ㣬ΪЩҪɱǣʵȻɱЩѾʲôء
ūպźС㣬Ҳȥˡ
һԵ˵ͷСѾͷ䡣
ҹ䣬ɫһѾֵ϶бĿġ
⸮ĻһҪڼһ٣Ѳߵʿüӡ
ǵԼմӾʱ򣬾ͳ飬һʼھʱǴ󽫾ֻһС
Ӫʲô˶Уէܲϰߣ֮ǰŵѾϰˣԡûǸġ
ȥˣůһ㣬ȥӱϴ裬ʱ䳤ˣǱ˷˲ͬ˳ϵĻݣ˲Сķ粨
һ˿ԼˣԼΨһļ̳ˣȥ˾ӪѧţӰͺãαشһС
֪ԼҸھӪԼʵվסŸǿżԵʣսϵۣû汾£ǵ죬Ҳڴˡ
ǰ飬Щпϸһ룬ӹϢ϶ס綼֪ˣ˹ĸţҲʲôҪʵʩ
ҺǸۼģ緢ˣҪӾʹôһѾߣҪǳˣϷҲδصס
ҾЩˣѾǺˣϸġ
ô˵Ҿûǽһĺãǹ׶㣬ѷ
⻰һ漴˵ڴϣ׼˯һֱߣÿ϶࣬鷳Ĳ£϶ʲôġ
һ磬ֶױʱעⰲȫһҪ÷ˡ
ؾӪ·ϣ׼ϵ̽ӣԷʲôͼ
ǰյ¹ѪƣǱȥ


33 
ȵʱ, 漫ϣǰӪǲŮӵģ¹ѪⶫھӪӲͨ, ĳ̶ֳϿǮ
ġ
ò
ڰ, ֱӽӪ, ʢ, ҲûãҪⶫҲûá
治ҪҸ㣬ҺòŪġ
³գգۣЦļ
á
˵꣬㿪ʼרĿ, ⼸鲻ء
Ҫ, Լš
ӪʶģǺˣݲ, Ҳҹӣ游ȵ۵ʦңǰ, Ҳûǡ
СľͿ࣬, ʮĸϼ, ںĸȥˣһŸ, ͶӪ
Լ, СҲǸ, ˵꣬תͳȥˡ
еĹģдһֽóһϻӣͿĨһҩֽ࣬űףһǱڶˡ
æһУ׼ԼҸȥţǵĶ
ӮҲ֪ɣ걻ʵ۹ڹһ£˵ôˣҲе㶯ҪôɱˣҪôҲʵʲôһ㶯ûУͺܷ
ʵɣ𣿵Ȼˡ
һգɱġȥﻹ̵ס̼̿ܡ
ĻʹУ棬ɣ֮ǰҲ˶٣ūźհѾƻ裬ò
ӣūҵֺòÿ
ÿ
ɣ˵󣬿Żｿεεˣȥ˺欵ĲԭŮӣ⽿Ŀ˵ԭŮӣҲǰĲС
ԭü꣬ţʲô¥ƹݴδȥ챻˳ɱġ֮ЭˣˣΣžϣ
вȱòĹŮʵأȥļ¥˼ò绨ͷź򣬻ᳪ
ɣôʢӢѹ˹أ⻰Ҳ˵˵ģеɫ̵ʱҲԡ
鷿ڣʵ΢΢
֮ǰ߿ˣı˽ļأ˵ҪȥˣҲûãԭǱƸӣ޿Ժϰʱǿɺ֮λЩδضӦڧʱǷһټΡ
ʵ˵꣬͵ĵ˵ͷ
´˾٣ʮӢװء
ʵֲлֱ˵ͲŻʵûǵһ㡣
û˲η̫ҽԺһҩǲڷãͻܣһһ£ͻᱩжЩ綼ڼľˮʳˡ
Բ˵ǻʵۣѾȫ׼ЩɣҲ˲٣ˣǾûʲôõĵˡ
ɹһԭɣҲڻʵۣԭңԪǿ϶ģĳϣ֮֮ˡ
ĺܣɣʲôˡ
˵ʹڲٴڸ֣ʵۻǾòȫ֪˾ô󣬾߰ɣÿҩЧء
˵ͷˡ
˻ʹŻɵգٻ
հصԸһԵѾߣԾҡҡͷԴѾۿɼˣǵĳ£Ҳ˵زģֻǱȻġ
Īģ⸮ȫģǰжʮ滹ʮأѰѹûǸӵģ¸ֶһ١
Ե˵ͷ
ʰѼĸԼĶŷ⣬ڿڶﶼʼʱ΢΢ÿˡ
˵ѾأϾٶء
С㣬ͷϲġ
ϰɣҵͷˡ
ǡ
ҹ䣬ڸԼ·ɫԾһЩ
ѾϢˣɣ˶ӣͼ޻ʵۣڶʱһ¾վ߬ĽģΨһҵǻãû¡
ɣ˼زɻ»أͻȻЩڣǵߣǲǾͲܵˣо̣ѣ󣬶ڵģһ漰ӣǾòİһ衣
񡣡
ǰȥֱӵסӣı
û£أɲ鵽ˣǵ
˿ӣδһһʮĸ
ڵĶýһЩˣҲĪҪҡ
˵󣬿Լҷϣıӵͷı
ûأǱֻ಻٣ǵոлԼǻᣬҩҿʱһԣҪѾˡ
ºҲˣδ鵽˿ֿ϶ǾǰŮеһãôõ£Լź£һ󣬾ҲûԼŮЩԺˡ
ԼǰĹõЩֶΣ˵ķӣ˵ˣżûнãԼҲûйɩ沣Ů֪Щ󿪿ĵģһ£
ЩǷʤˣ֪ܱȲ֪ĺá
Ϊ˳˼죬ںҲˣ˲ңҲˣһûģĸ׹ܵĺϣһΪҲŷԼˡ
룬ǼҶĸףЩ綼Ҫˡ
һỤסġ
ŻӣûԼûһȢڸĸ֮һȥ˰ɡ
á
һ죬ΪµǣˣȻڸһϢ
ûˣ
ԴиӣʱʱҲῴҽ飬˴θߣǴҽŮֵģҲⶣ
ЩҽŮó֢ʲôĶڻ£ˣҲܺܺõչ
û£ܴܾˣҲûŻºͷΣ̫ȷڹ۲۲ģΪ˷ģ˵ˣ˺ãûеĻﲻͺúõתע
Ҹпôˣ
δôԶ⻰һ˵ͷôȥҽŮ
վֱӰӱ˴ϡ
ҽŮͻῴ֣ʵڲУطп϶義ǣӲãðѾӪӾǴ̫ҽӿ
ҽŮ󣬳һԵЩڴҲЩġ


34 
ҽŮͶҽַ, һԿţҲѵӵ, ׼ȥҽʱ, ҽŮڻػˡ
ϲ, ϲ, ˡ
⻰һˣһ˺ܾõĺˣŴϵӣҲһϲá
, á
ͷļ, ˵֣ӣ֪һ
ˡ
һ¡
ʱ, Ҳ࣬УﲻʣúǿҪҩ, ǲϲˣ, ǵóԸˡ
Ƕȥ, ͡
лӡ
ߺǰӵס, Լҷů, Ľһ
, кˡ
æӵڻĸӵĸһᡣ
ǰһдţҲøĸǡ
ã۲ۣԵģв
ûУһжãǿ˯ɣʱˣ컹Ҫֵء
Ѿˣôһ񼸺մ˯˯գԾüСʱȥ俪ʼĸдűϲ
ӻдûͣʱһͻȥͺãϴ֮ϰɫ£ŵ齣ŻˣֱŻ˯ȥ
գѵòһˣǲ⣬ƽԼС㣬Ҳһϲɫ
ʱȥţһ뿪
ǡ
ͷԶţһԡ
ù󣬳ȥ鷿׼дţһдģֲԾдֽƿʼĥ˼һᣬ㿪ʼ±ʡ
д˲ݸ壬дͺܿ죬һʱѶдˣдķװá
ڽȥҲøλ׼ýһͻȥӣӦ＾
ߵĿⷿȾǵСһ룬Ҫ˵öеģŴĸλҲ׼˼ӵĽ
ʱһͻȥ
ǡ
˵һ𴲣ϴȥ˾ӪϸһŲ죬Ÿһ
ǲʲôϲ°ôôء
ХɪɪϣһǰŸѵʿϸһǴЦġ
ϲ£ɩϲˡ
ҲδţǺ¡
ϲ¡
¿󿪿ڵҲиϢ㡣
źѣʾ˵󿪿ڵˣ˵Ѿ˵һϱҵܴܵѾȢˣѾˣպܲܽһס
Ӫǿ϶סģ˼ȥʵģǹĽ飬նһ
Ҳɩ˰
Ȣļҵġ
δֱӴӦµҲ⣬ϾˣԿڵżҵģԺѧʿĵմŮ
żҹְߣҷǳ˼ҳŮҲ
𣿡
ûС
ﶼ˸Ȣˣն࣬Ҳֻˡ
˵Щƣ˵˸ȢޣΪôҲȥû˵һ죬ֱܴܵȢ˻ȥ鶼ˣŸȢļҵģ˳ˣҪǿһ㣬ǰ͵ˡ
һȥɩӡ
á
ɳϣսʿѵֱƻ衣
׼ȥ͢͵ݵˣһʱҵʱѾ쵽һˡ
⣬ӻڵ
˵˺üأ˯˺ӣҲôģڴϷȥһʱû˯ţˡ
ڵ̼ʮůͣűӿڴͷڷ飬´멺£ֱӳȥ
ء
š
ӣס鲻⡣
ԿЩ⣬˭Ҫ
µķˣĸھǸˣ»ˣȽϰȫҲһ㣬ǺԺżҵŶС㡣
û⣬ԺӶȥˡ
á
Ժܵ߰˸ԺӣŶС㣬ӡǲģǰˣżҵճĴŮ޵˲ڣ䲻ӣּңھҲкġ
˼ҵĳŮ϶һھʹӦˡ
˯ɡ
š
ºˣմѩ·ˡ
ǰߴССĳͻϣҲæúܣָ׼·Ů֪׼ЩɫɫС·кŮǿԴġ
Ƕ˵ĵһӣŮνֻҪƽĵͺá
꽫ǵۺյźֵĺϲ£졣
׼ңҲ̫ˣˣߵʱֿɹлͼȥ
֪ŮУҲˡ
ĸǵ͹ȥоģУҲ׼
á
̫ˣ׼ҪĸˣأҲҪĸˡ
ǰ
˿ţ׼Ʒϣʱ͹ȥϻרſ˿ⷿȡ˲Σһ͹ȥ
ⶫʱдõģϧŶϱӳ󣬴һЩʱ˵˾ܴźӻˡ
˿̣ʰԺżҵĶСƿ쵽ˣΧԶ義ǣǶԴ˲޶ڴ
ſ
ˣأū澶žͺˡ
¸ϵܺã츸ĸֵܣйĽ顣
û¡
˻аٰ㲻ʣϵĲκβʣʱ룬ﵽûкӣĸˣҲδԻźĶ£˭Ҳӡ
ͩԺǺԺԺԺ˿ַⷿ˲ٺõİڼԺʰĺܹŶС㲻ôϤ˼ҵŮϲֻһ㡣
պŶС㵽ˡ
ӷˣ˰á
ضסһġ
żٶС㣬ƣƤ𪣬پ£ǸˣǸͻݣ֪ģط˸ϱҲǷ˼ġ
ңŵԣǶǸںôҲǳʦģûӲϲˣ࿴࿴ȥʵġ
лˡ
ղŵһ·Ҳ࣬ͩԺʰˣúϢһ£Щʱش˻ġ
ǡ
Ҳֻ˴СźѾߣװʮӵĶظĻ͵ˣ£Լˡ
ʲôҪ˸˵һ
á
֪ΪΣƾô˿̵ĳ֮ǰھǼĲһĲźãҲദһ㣬˭֪ʲôʱܻؾ
ԺӣҲδЪϢѾ˸õ⣬͹ȥޣϺõůƳɵģﵹҲ
ԺʰĺܹҾһӦȫó˵ģôҲʾ


35 
ٷ, 治
յȥ񿴡
ǰˡ
, ľ뵽˴ǰھǵԼ, Ҳ, һһۿźǹ, ˿Ҳ֪нӡ
˽ǻһµģƹңع, Ҳ, ⣬ôСĵ
䣬, һĻ£Ҳǳ󣬵һμ¡
žǾнʿģĿ, Ũüۣҹ, ܲһ
ǣһƥ˳ĸ, һľߣ˵Ǹ͸кӵ, Ц, պ, Ҳˣúӳ
ͩԺҶʰˣȥɣһһ÷
á
¶Լĸ׸Լ»ҲǺܺ棬Ͼ֮ǰûĸа˿ĸһȥͩԺڵó˺þƣ֮ǰʵʹ͵ģʵġ
Ҳȵġ
뿪ڣ͸һֱӿˣ·޶žۣôҲˣȣǿԺȵġ
ûɡ
ûУŶ󣬻ûء
Դӻк󣬳˳Եıȴǰһ㣬ķ沢޲ʡ
Ǿͺá
˵꣬ĸӵĸʮᡣ
һߣ½ͩԺֱӳȥ˿̣ʰԼӡ
죬ʶڿµһ̣Ȼסˡ
Ҳ̫ˣϸһĴȶûĸ첲أǵط˵ĶӾǱȱ׳һ㣬˿̣ƿţԼЩֵܶһ
¿ƣҲһĸ˵ĺ࣬಻پ£̫ˡ
ˡ
δ棬ҲǷˣǸ죬һֱӿѯʡ
ǡ
һ·Ͽɻá
뵽ĸнģǰ˵ġ
á
ƼɫôãΪ飬ǹģһһ
ԷʱͳڣջԾ˲٣˵˵ЦЦģ֣ڼºҲûٺȾơ
ºˣ㿪ʼڲԣ㣬ҪæˣʲôҪɡ
⻰Ƕ˵ģԿԼҷҲģҲû͵ʱ嶼ȥӪء
ԴɩˣҪؼңҪ㴦顣
⻰һһԵоůůģԴӹˣûһǲģ۶ģǰˡ
ǰӾʹ̣ڻÿģøѵʿãɳǽ̫æˣ̫æˡ
¼ֱվԼĸɵ飬ҲЩˣԲδ˵һԡ
׼ڣȻվɾ͸ɣôأʿҪӾ
Ƿģġ
˵꣬ȻٺٵЦʶʮˣһסŵСǴɱķĽ죬һԵƣ֪ΪΣоЩΣһԲɫŲڡ
ҲһŮǰЩҲŵ湫ӡ
ˣˣȥ׼Ѿ
ǡ
ԿӲ˵
˺ѾһЩɫˣҴҽ˽ⳡᡣ
ڷµʱƱɽϵľζѬò˳úܿͻȥˡ
㵽û
Լҷҡҡͷ
û˾ϲ̣ǹֻǱһѵ˲˵վҪؾˣزȥض˲¼ݺึȷʵ˵ġ
˵ˣҲǵֵܰˡ
СûչۣĸϼңǸڵģ˾ӪҲʮ䡣
һʱڹ飬֪ĵն񣬻ʵԼ뿪ӪˣϾھӪȥԼҾˡ
ʵ᲻ɵ
֪ģóϲЩ
ǸԹı飬һȵӡ
ϲҲ
˵ܳأ˭ء
ˣʱˣ˯ɣȥϴˡ
á
ͩԺڣС˸²ϴһ󣬱ŽݣƱЩĺ£˯ģһռ˴Сһԣ˵ơ
뵽ԣԾԼҸף˵µĲ¶࣬û¸ɣӢ䣬ս½ʿƲ٣£ɼǰúء
˾ȻԹ
ºγ֪ɶ˵ɱķõģÿմЩ£ĺҪҲһΪ
ȻԸҲɵģ˲ھӪˡ
һ磬˴ѩ涼ǺĻѩƴ򿪴ããһƬȻطҲ
µ˾Ӫ˽¸˵ˣҲӪġ
ԼҸӶǹģ˭ľ˭ĹͣܶཫķڷŻʵǰ˺üе벻Ͷġ
Щ˶ǻʵģ϶ܹĵǡ
ôϲӪ뿪ﲻź𣿡
ûźأź
˵תȥԼӪڡ
죬˳ͻͻ
꽫ӪĽʿҲţǰнӵģǲ⣬²㽫ʿܳԵİĻ᲻࣬ﶼͷ
һ磬ͷӪͽӣĽǴģǷ˳ճɲ٣ʵ͵ݣҲȴǰ಻١
ѵôӵĳԡ
ǰ
Ӫмģһǻʵ۴Ӿɹģµļڼ֮󣬱ȥˡ
ǰգӮɣڵʵûˡ
룬ʵ˱ļƻɣɣ˵Ǹĸ󻼣ûһʱҲò²ԭ
Ƿѩӵһ죬ˡ
긮ĴҸһġ
ദһʱ䣬˺عأ˲ʲôᣬû´һ˵Էò㣬ϵҲˡ
ԿڴϵĴĿһ
ÿñĶÿ
һҹΣһ磬ȥ˾ӪҽŮԼ
ӰãĪҪġ
á
޶һ̥ŮνӣҪŮġ
ŮҲãһֱߣǶӣǿɾͲһˣ˺ᵽģ룬ǿԣǲĺȥսƴģۣƽϡ
˭Ҳ˵׼ֻܵʱڿˡ
л˵
Ԥ  Ҫ޻ʵ  ϲıղһ
߹ò绨ǾһһĹŮ꣬޸÷ı֣ɻ꣬
ųȴϣԴ˳˹Ѹ
Т»ʵǻȴĳ˻ʺѡ
̫ʥּ£»ʵĻʺһʱ֮侩۷׷ס
Ӣ䣬ԣһʼ²ϲλʺҲǾмӣ빬󣬒WƷӡѺ󹬹ľνһͺ
ȻزۿžҪ徣ȴˡ
֪ѾĹ裬Ȼ֣Լ벻λʺ
󲡳ֵԼЩԡ
ǰֻнɽ𢣬˵:ɽӣֻԸ밢͡


36 
һ, ȻյԼҸ׵ţʵ۰ɣˡ
˵Ҳ⣬ӮھһҾ¥￴ɣ, ֮ǰǼɣ, ʱɣͲ, Ǹڱߵ, Щ򽻵ֻҪһ۾֪ǲԭˣοɣݲһ㣬ʱѾ¶ԼʵǸע
֮дţüҹ̵ĸ˹ȥ, ޱҪע⡣
յϢ, һʵɣҲŻɽ, ɱһ˰ˣ޺󻼣ʵȴϵķδκιԱ, һµġ
ʲôء
ŹĽ˳˼, ѯʵ
ǵ, ôˣ
㿴
ļһҼ, ǻʵɹ, ҲֻӲͷƤȥ˴򽻵
ҪھǻʹĻʵ۸öˡ
ǼûõСӾ͹, ˸⣬ǰѮһسǽ˵˷ӣһ¼һؾˣҲս£ʲôǲ湥Ļӣǰգҿǵǰϸǽ˻ͣҪһս
˵һƣ˲װڿ˷ѣ˷ѣһע⣬˿ӣʧ
֪ˣùһ˵ġ
ɣûڹԭˣڿѣʵ۵ôܲҪŻɽ
˿̣ʵ۵鷿ڣӣҲۿɼ졣
վһԣרͻ
뿪˰ɣ
һǰ뿪ˡ
á
ʵȥѾ̫ҽԺ׼ҩҩǶط붨ڷãҪͻǲԭкֵֹܶҽʹ̫ҽԺ̫ҽҩԶ񫣬ѹͽ䲻ҩҲ߶еģûеġ
ܰʱãҩ£һᱩж
ɣΪ˲ԭҵҽ취ƳҩֻҪʵ۷ߣʲôӦˣȥ㡣
ʵ룬ɣ˲ԭ˿ɺ֮λʱͰھǸӪһ˵һǸһѺ֣ѵʿǲڻ¡
Ȼȥɣ¾ˣ޻ϵġ
ǡ
󣬺ܿͻ
תۼͿˣյڶ̽ӵϢɣĻǲİ֡
ֻأֶθӱӣȻ׼ҩ
ģеϢ˸ĸǲ˺ܶöн֣ҽõУӮׯʮֽýĹĻһ
ЩǿɿļӣǵĸĸֵܶڼΪūֻҪڵĶãΣա
Ǳߵҩˣеɫζ鲻ģҪкҽŮڲˡ
¹ӺͺǸ
ӶɩӿãĽ
ƿһԵǷĵĽ¶ﵹҲ㲻ԶûԳġ
ʳʱ򲻹˴ͷβĶţ顣
ش˶Ҳ˵ģȥɽ˼ֻء
ɩͲ֪Ϊɶ˰ɣǰյֺȵĻ
ϲµһǺ޽ƵĺȾƣǱסܺһһҹⶫС飬
ͷú˵˵Ҫ
ǰ
÷鷳Щ񲢲ö࣬һжлкòײģôΪ
͸ڳһ۾ȥͷβӰҲڹ۲츮ˣֶ໤ǱߵļƻԲˡ
ҽŮлǽ־͸˵ˣǴӾģ˶ǱߣҲ˱˼
ԭӪڣ׼ãȴû֣ɣĶ˸ǲ
ӣ²ģû©Ըܿصıϣǵ֮ǰðͲ˵ĶûܽȥֻܷſڣҪһһС
ҪʲôãǸϾͻˣֲãɺλǶ׼һȥ𣿡
ɣ˵Ŀ
ѾϢºɣܴܾͻˣҲ֪Ǳ߸ʲô׼ɼ鶼ˡ
ȥĿɺ֮λûˣôһ֣ˡ
ҹ
һ֮£ֱӰ˶˳ȥתȥԼ檵ڡ
ӵ£ôˡ
ǲԭһˣǰ׸ӣǵó裬о̣˾˻졣
ɣ˵ħıʹĶɣ鲻Ҫ˷йһġ
ϰˣֵʮ˳ϣºɣĵһ㡣
ǸҪˡ
ⶼʣ֪˵˭
ֱſɣϣա
ºοൣһİˡ
ػ϶ǰˣҲάܲġ
˭°ϢųȥǱߵץס
⻰һɣŻŮӣ⣬治ź̹ܸ⣬ôû뵽ء
ֻҪ˽Լ˹Ⱪ¶ɣ٣ʱǱץסˣ
Ǳӵˡ
ɣ˵걧Żˣһּս
ӵ£˼һлҪ˵أ㼱ġ
ɺǱߣҲܷɰ˵ڣҲڰϼԼˡ
ɣſʵ֮ǰ˼ˣǼ˲ó裬ĸײǴˣùˣʱǵĸײϲ͵òʧˡ
׵ܵܵģǲ󣬿ҲСĵɣ꣬˵׼
£Ҫɺģôհǰ˺ģֻҪ׼þУȫԽ˵ȥ찡ʲô
㰡Ϊ룬ԭ˲ڱ߾ڸߣȥأѲȥ
ɣԿŻˡ
ӣ˼Ѿˣǲˡ
ɺʱҲӢ䣬ɵʹˣԸȥźһˣԼѳᣬɣôᣬպ
˵Ὺű߾óףǸüأԭŮʤ¥ģֻҪӣûʲôǲܡ
Ǹð취롣
ɣ˵꣬ϣ
ǱܵϿɺ֮λǾġ
ǲһ䡣
۾ˣźĸ⻰ɣʵ˵˺üˣĶûòãĺãպȻҲ֮λ
ֻôòˣ֮λ


37 
ɣҪɣһӾͷ˲, ۼԸǱһʱҲѻ룬Ļһ, Ƚɣ, Ȱ˵İ졣
ҪҲ֪ɣҪ, ɱɣĸ, ֵܣ˴ηҪġ
ôȽɣֻ꣬ҪɣˣҲûˣʱĸӶҲûʲôɵǵ, ɣ, Ӿûбȵɣĵġ
պ߾͵Ϣ´Ϣ, ˳˼
һǻʵ۸շۣһǴӶ̽Ϣ
ʵ۵˼ԣɣ굽˱غҪزԭ, Ҫʱڻһô˳ɹĻȥ, ɱɣҲбļƻ, ɣߵһ붼ŵģȵķŻɽ
ʵ˵Ĳ, ǰһϵ, һĳַ˹ʶ
ʥּѾ, ؿ߾óףλҪϸѲСϸ
磬ѹԱټһ𿪻ᣬ⣬ɣزԭͻ̶ӵģֻҪʿڼʱϽˡ
ǡ
¿ڿһԵļʱһǿͱɫǺ̹Ȼ
Ͼŵ޿֡
ҹ䣬ֵؼң˲ǰȥԴˣҲջȥ
գȥѲһȦ
á
뵽ʵ۵ۣΪΣȻоԼҪ뿪ˡ
ʵĿסɣ꣬סһεĿɺȷʵûбҪرˣھеӰܽʿǵİʵôһ㶼ء
ڣڸеĺСЬ⼸£˺ܶ࣬ûҲһ𣬴ƶʰһˡ
þСɵСЬ΢΢ߣû¸ɣ·׶á
ѾʼԻˣٰУҲпܰ³רѯʹ֣˵׼ġ
صգҲͶ̶̵һ°ˣҲȣҹǲϴ˯ǻģ䲻ȵʺӣˡ
ˡ
е˿ߣĴ֣¿ˣһŵӵˣֱȥ
˷ҹˣ˯ɡ
̥䰲ȣҲҶģǵȺƽ˵ɡ
Ҳû룬ֻӰˡ
뱱زʮһջڣɣɫ԰ףܣϵСƿʶĻرܡ
ǹʵۣȻ˸ҩһ·Ϊ˽ҩ˲ٵĿ࣬ܣɾǽ䲻ÿεоԼһϲԾҪûˡ
˽ҲûҹҩһöûС
ҩȻ£ôⱲӶҪԵģȥǿɺ֮λҪʲô͵ʲôģ޲ǿѣֱӴ׳Ƴġ
ҩֻһ޸һʱ䣬ȥǸλãɡ
ͻȻֳʵ۵ݣɣ˫Ŀͨ죬ʱ͸ǰϵһһڴֻиһʼǲģĸĲ¡
ţ⳼̿ԵʣĻƽĻȥ֪ʵ۸Լҩ˾ǺͳԲڷãÿβ죬͸оܡ
ÿζʧܣǲ⣬ҩһʱǽ䲻ˡ
޶˻ʵۣ޶ûа취ϵҩ˿ɺ֮λǣǸ벻ҩˡ
һ·ϻɣĶԼص׷ɱҿʵۺһ·ϵļ˵ǳͨ裬˶ŵĸоܡ
ɣڴϴͣذοԼȥͺãȥȥҽҩʲôд𺦣䲻һҲãҲھǵǸʵˡ
ʱ˶ɱˣûܿûˣԼǿɺ֮λҪԭʿԹԭҪҪûʵھ˯ȣҪһζ
ɣٶ۾Ѿָƽ͵ӣ˻ʵ۵ϣԲˣ˶ǰˣҲȶϢԴҪǻȥصԼĵطͼ֮鲻ɲ֮
дʱء
ʵؿ߾һʱ֮䣬˶ƤƤƶ˱أֵҲ
һЩϷҲô˻ᣬһʳأûüǮ
ѾźԼµ˹ҲɹĿӣǻʵպڹرձ߾ôӿ׬ǮģһֱŶûġ
ߵһЩͷ֮ģǱûеģüǮġ
ģרų¼һȥ¸ӵ˱
ɩӻҪϢ֮ǰ˵еʱžͺúš
һԣ״ڵ
Ҳۣ˵˺ܶϡ⣬㲻ȥ߾ó׿ʼˣѲߵʿҲ˺ܶ࣬ڴ㻤Ǻܰȫġ
Ҳȥ֮ǰ˵Һúô
棬ܾˣǼҽ̼ϸСϰˣǱҪĽӦ꣬ڼҶǴŲġ
룬Ǹкһ죬һԼȥ
˺ǲȥĺãƣݶ
ǳԹӰɡ
ð
磬յ˺Ѻ͸ɩĻţɵǾȻͬһġ
ɩ֪Уǿģǹϲӣɩ˵ʱźǻȥˣһжҲùء
뵽ֶŮֲֶԾĸԼĸֶĲ࣬պڼҲ浽һȥ
Ҳϲ£ϼŸĸ¸˵һ£Ļ˼ŵڲߣҲ˼ңҷļҵĳ࿴һ飬Ѿ׼ﱸˡ
Գ˵Ǹľϲ˵ĵĶǶˣҲûģҹ涨Ӷ֮ûжӲ檣һмء
ƣһѿⷿ򿪡
ǡ
룬øѺúױؿžһź£¼ޣҲ϶֮ǰúõġ
Ѿˣϲˣ˳ĵ˸ӣһ˱࿪ˣΣкˡ
ǵ׼ء
ɩֶģиױϲģ˵ʹŴȥ˿ⷿ
˰ãҸҲ˺϶ԽԽá
һ磬ʰӵʱʹ˲ٵĺöҲǳġ
ҹȻ˸Ƥ
ⶼǱߵĶƤʵ˸ڴůˡ
ˡ
ʽأǵһμϡ
һԣһַŶӣ˳ѺѵϲҲ˵ˣŻӣһĿģͷӵĶͷ
ˣòˡ
ǰұľԸڼأ²ĸ࿴ģӼҽϣֻҪкպһõġ
Ҳ˸ˣǺӵĸɵ
ǰҲҪԼĺˡ
¡ĸһᡣ
л˵


38 
Ѯ, ھ˶װ󣬱ص˲˶¡
ģů֮Ժ, ˮ, Ū˲ٽ档
Ѿ߸, ǰԻ, º󣬶ӺȻˣŶַŵģΪʱһЩҪٳһЩöද
, ǰͤ, ȥЪһᡣ
á
񷹺ٶСʱôǼ߶, ʧȥӵĸ˿ʧȥĺǾ͸ԹŮҪڹŹһ˵ģһֱҽŮֵĻ, ʱ˳˳Ĳźá
˲صģ̥㲻ô, ֻҪ߶, ʱ򶨻˳˳ġ
á
˵ָŸѾܸоԽƵ̥, ҹʱ, ڵĸ, 쵹ǻһЩ
˿ҪЩ̥ҩ
ҡҡͷͲϲҩҽŮհ˵͸кһжãԼҲûҪⰲ̥ҩ
˵˻̥ȣҲȷʵòⶫӵķ˸࣬Ҳû˺Ȱ̥ҩƽ˺
еŮɻ̥Щĸ˻ⷽкԺḁ̫̃һʬġ
ԽԽ磬ǰæ˾ͻˡ
տɺá
һжá
·ݴˣʱӻţǵǾӪʵڷŲ£ӡ
꣬߾սˡ
ˣܰʲôá
ǰ
˵ڻ֪ʵۺɣ굽̸Щʲô±߾óʮֻȣԽԽ⣬ɣҲȥˣСϢϿɺȻˡ
⻹Ϊ⣬ͿɣܲܳɹǸλˡ
˽¿϶ڻʵ۵ģȻʵҲŻȥġ
ԤУǶԵģԭҽæ˿һ¶ûóһģһҩɣʮߣ޿κΡ
˽ԭ˼УҩȻƵģߵǿ϶а취ģϧ޼ա
ص˲ԭܵϿɺļνɣĵļҺͰҲԽԽ࣬ǵ֪ĸѶʱòֱᵶնҲҿԼҴסˡ
ܣĪҪ嶯ĸˣϢˣ뱨һǸλãϣֲúõġ
統ʱ˵ģɣˣ»û취ܹİ⵹ǲԭĲ䣬˽Ҳǵ£ġ
ĵǸɺɣĲŹû˻ʵ۸ҩǻ¡
ܡ
ڣɣһ뵽Щʮ׼ȥԺˡ
硣
ģ֪ĺϺ졣
ԭŮӣǵТģʵɣԭŪģҲЩµģȻҲһֱߡ
ɣ˵ޱ顣
ǰո˳ͻ֪ɣŪġ
ָľӣ֪ˣҲǲɣ϶ġ
ɣ˵ȻоƵģǸð취ɣˣҲĸӾѵʱ֪£ҲûóȻڡ
֪ܲ˼ǣ˰£һ취£زͻȻǸ˲⣬ţʤܸһЩ
¥ģǽˣģһȥġ
ⲻ
ɣӢСಡ˴ıԣɣԼҴҲģӲãǿɺ֮λʮ֮˾ġ
Ȼˣ˸ȱЩɣǱĶö࣬Ҫ£㹻ĳ⣬һǸλãҲġ
ѲҪ֮λ
ɣԿԼҴ磬һĲš
֮λܴ˵Ҳǻ£ĸˣڸĺԺѹûʲôˣҲûҪȢǡ
ԭ뺷ͬԭҲûôĹأǿɺˣӳ⣬Ҷ˳µĳһοɺңǰһɺԼ׵Ϊ
ǲŮЩġ
ɣӢɫ԰ףܼᶨǾһ
硣
ɣ껹δȢأҪǲԭŮ赲һʱԸԳ
һ׼û粻Ầģһ˰£ˣôʲôҲɣϵģû֪Ѿˡ
ͻȻأɵİɡ
ɣǸλãûڣɣǱˣҲû֣͸ܣʣӻûأͲɺء
ɺͻȻɣȻˣԼҴֱʡ
ô㻹Ҳɣ
˵ʲôҰͲȥء
ֵܶ˸ǵĸ׹ϵҲܣɣΪսԵʣȽܴˣʱ׵Įӣ񶼼ء
ô࣬ҵģɺ֮λһģǸλã취Ѽ춼£ʱĿɺ
ɣӢԼҵܵܰźˣɣԣӣǴ֪ˣ֪أֵܶ˵Ŀ¿ɺ֮λ뵽취ҵҩǸʵ۵ġ
ֵܶıһȷúɣӢȥ
ɣڴϣı۾
ԭڣϺ쿴һԵ˯ϿɺڿϵĽİţȵĸġ
¥Ůӣ˸߼ˣ˺컨͵źͱ׻ˣʮ꣬ҲĸԸĸ뻹Ժ
ã˾Ͳˣӣĸֵܶֻܾźˣ˵ģǸ˵˭ʲôģǧİŪ
׵ϺĪо꣬˸ͷȥˡ
úź
ϺԿˣգգ̣ЦһģǱˡ
ɣԲδ˵Ĭˣ˼ȥǾԼһˣúõôһ˰ˡ
ֲɵӣԵ޹ʵʲôҸԣǿĸͼʲôĸ׷ֵܵܣλ
Ϻ˵꣬ɣһסˣûҵŮôһӾͲµˡ
סҵĸĸֵܣҾͻ㣬Ҹǰ¥һ̣ϵҲͶˣǾҸǰҶգգ۵ģ֮ǰģҲ뿴ⱳ˵˭Ҫصİ£ô͵øһЩǲġ
ɣĿǰŮӣƤ𪣬üϸһģ⻰һ֪˲򵥣õĺһѺõòҲǻ˵ġ
֪ԭأȥˣһοɺң㻹أһúöġ
ϺԺȻЦˡ
ĳŵһĲֵ㻹ûǸλء
һ˵ȫûע¥ϵĺӣϺ˵תˣԭصɣġ
պŴϢ֮ǰʵ۷ɣزԭȻ׻ʵ۵ͼˣĳˣǿһõĺ°
˵ڱףˣпһѡ
л˵
ǣµˣ


39 
ϿɺڲԭһɲСķ粨, ʵǰ˶ţɣ˳λɺʮ߾̫ƽ
ҩõĿǹϵĹ͢ط, ̫ҽּԸƳɵġ
ɣұҽҲ, ʵۿĸϢ, ԾЦЦ
鲻, Ҫȥ԰ߡ
ʱ԰ٻţ羰ĸ̫һڣʵ۵˵ͷ˶ûʺͻλˡ
ʱ͸ˡ
ʺ󿪴ʱʹģȥŷԸǶЩĶʺ, Ͼ͵, ʱùһ׼
ǡ
ǰ󹬿Żأʵϵܣ뵽մԽ׵֮, ʵ۾͸оķ긻ǿ̫ӡ
̫ ȹ̳һ, ҲһЩСʧȥϽģŵү
ʵ۹ĵ԰, ԼǼ, Ȼûһȫġ
Ҫ˵õľȥ߾񲢲ȥ
ӺͶӵȫԵ, ʵ۲, ˴, һʵ۲¼ڹ̸ңǿһϣûС
ʱҲڷʺ͹ӣȥͻͬһ죬磬ǰһʱ
ͻ˵죬һʱܽģƱػһҲôȥģ뵽ʲôȻؿڣŮ
˲֪ΪؿЩۣȥõҽ
ǡ
Ӯ䳡ڴϣΪˡ
ҺأǸ鷳£ǲȥĺãʡñ²¼ɡ
š
ŲԶӣӮ˲ˡ
ůˣƿҪˣҲ֪һ̥Ů
Ͼʱĺӡ
ĺӣҵŮģСҲֻһ
ϵеʱûźߣ᲻ΪԵĺ˾ǶԺӺãʱΪ̥˲ӣֻһ
سеʱǧָ˸Що֣ûµġ
ǰӶܺãǵĺǺõġ
ùܼڸƾһǧӵǮ
û⡣
Ǯ棬ӮƽϣֻҪӿľͺá
ıأ¶ˣеֵճԺɢˣɢҲٳȥˡ
԰ҲСÿշȦҲͲˡ
Ÿк̥Цĸ⿪ģ˵ˣ̥Ƶ˵ӿöǺ¡
кڣԲһȦҲȴǰһЩ䣬̫ůģ԰ɹ̫ϺȻһֻǽڷĴ֡
ôô硣
æ˾ͻˡ
ʵ⻻˧ֲɵӿҪأðͷĶȥʮˣҲˡ
һѾӶϢˡ
÷ˡ
ˡ
˳ӯʿǵԽԽãھӪǸͬͬסδС
ڹһӣС˾Ҫˣ֡
˵֣󿪿ڵǶӾͽԳŮͽϣ
ãѡˡ
һ㺢ӶǳӮǸȡģӵָöȡǷԼȥ
ѡ˼õģһһԱȣն֡
ҹ䣬󣬷޶̤ϣſӵĶϣᣬ뵽˶þҪԼˣʮֿġ
ǸСŮޣǾ͸ˣ۷۵ģ˽ﻹҪŮģ͸ӵСֶŮһΪȴ˸糤úãŮ϶ҲСֶŮҪÿһЩ
ǰˣкӿԽֵܣŮǿԽ׼ҡ
󿪿ڵֵܵǿԣ׼е˰ɡ
Ҳ磬ʱúܿģ밡ǶɻˣҸоҲһ˲飬ܻģܲܲúӼ˰ǰ˵Ҳá
˵꣬Լҷգգۣ֪ܲôġ
ӹ٩ԼЦЦĵ˵ıӣˣںúõʰ
оУʱȷкŮûѯʣм޶ˣҲûڡ
ó˲ôںŮ
ڶһ磬а֮оˡ
ǰİСˣԾ̾˿ûôԸ㣬ȺҪúóһ١
Ϳˡ
ǰ
еĺӺ˶˵ĶԻֶ緹Ȧ뿪ҡ
Ҫˣǲһ
յӪľƣɫԾı˱䣬յģȾơ
ⲻҺȵģҴⶫģֲǲ֪Ǽˮ¹Ѫƣ׼żġ
˵治Ծѹ
ˮ¹Ѫƣ룬żôɫնҪоˣںˮľƣеˡ
㡣
˵ֱӾͽ˾ӪžֱȥԶӪڣСˣ˺úõһء
չҪѲӳǽģ˿϶ȥϷͲͺϰ˳ǰȵСůӡ
뵽ʱǸӣ;úЦ
ģû£һ㲻ʹ죬Ҳš
˵ʵҲǺܲǸලʿ͹Աģһ˼ĶǵĺԺ
檣ʱ;ܾˣ˻ģ˵˺üأҲķ
׿Ʒ̸˰µҲǺǿϴҶԻʵĹҲѹֻᱻ
գкϷҪˣˮ¹ѪƣûôҲһöû
µĺ⣬żԥľˣǻʵ۵ˣǲ⣬йڡ
ϲѱӣࡣ
磬ż򿪾ƣţûд̱ǵζǺþơ
ҲǣǻʵģôҲðͽƽվġ
żóƱССĺҲṵ̂Ҫůůӡ
ӪʿϰߵǻӦϾʱ䲻˼ʱˣȥѲӳǽˡ
ż棬ȻоЩȣԽԽȣǿĲʣ˹Ҳû˵ʲô
ѲѾǰʱżоԼҪըˡ
ȣͣţָо
ҹˮʱżڸоӺһЩûôˡ
Է˷纮˸ԼһȺĽºŴޱ˯һһõû˷ð
ڶտϵľƣżɫ죬Ƶ⡣
ƽҲȾƣƸоͨľƣ֣Ȼûס
յģһѾǱ֪ҪЦˡ
л˵
ǣոģǧʰ


40 
תۼ͵˰, 
ʱˣȥ
´Ӫʳ׼ؼңճӪʼԶȻй, ֱ˽ȥ
Դӳк, ھӪӰ, Ϊǰɹ, Ӫʱ˰ʱ
ɩӾͿˣҵ
ͷҲ̧˵кҽŮˣӵԤھ⼸ˣͷǵŵġ
Ӧõ, ϾǺ
˵ֱһ, ʱһӺЩӲĲӡ
߰ɡ
ϡ, ҹոÿԲµգǵ㣬һ, ʱʱ˵䡣
ôҹ, Ҫһ𿴡
Ը, ˵ջ飬һҲ˯, ڴϿ, ΪкڵԵ, СЩףҹ仹
뵽ҪҲûôˣ⼸ˣԼԼܵ˸к׹кҲˡ
ô˯һˡ
ݺ󣬼ӻڿԾü
˯ţҽ˯һء
ڲˣ˯Ҳš
á
뵽жģеĻ¡
ȥϴ
š
ֲԾĸԼĸŸк̥ûã˯ˡ
źɫ´߳һ߲ͷһ߳ȥ谵£Ƿÿ
˯ȥҴҴӣһ¡
ڶһ磬ճѾһһΣһΣҲϰˡ
ӣ˽ܻᷢ
⻰һһУʾҲȥ
ҽŮֻжô˵ģŵͷ˶ȥ
ĪҪģͻ㡣
á
˿̣Ѿо˸ʹ֮ǰ˵Ҳ˵ҪˣǾġ
Ѿ߷ȥ˸Ѿ׼õĲټѾ̺Ľ˿ȥ
ӱ޵ȥ˾ӪԸˣ˻˶֪ӾҪҲǷ򸾶˵ĵһӣһЩʹкӵľٻߴϽȥ
ǲܣǸڳûҲûҪġ
ҲûתȥˣҲء
ɩӣͷЩѣЩ˾ͺˣҰأҲҵġ
ߺûãƾˣԵ˵ͷ
˿ԶھǵϺҲûţ֮ǰһֱͨţҲ֪Ԥڣǰյʱ򣬶˾Լһȥ
ŷ𷨣ԺĳͣԴŮкԳ¼һ׷𾭣ҹΪŮ棬ֻΪŮƽ
ҲûţԤڿ쵽ˣҲԺ⼸ն˼ҹ
µģ׼ҷġ
ϾôһŮǳ谮ĲУص룬Լҵģϱϵͷ⣬߸˲ӣǴ£⼸Ҳԡ㣬ճصΪϱϵ档
⺢Сʱӵǲôãʮĺϣ˳˳ġ
ϵǺεĶŮĵǡ
ģһġ
˵Ծ뵽ھǴϻţڱԸû£ܹŶϱ
˼󣬺Ȼоûߵſڣ֣УЩġ
̫絽ɽνǶ꣬ӵĲҽܣ޲ȥ
һԵҲͷؼҲβסĵǡ
˺ܺãճദûмӣչ𾩳Щ߸ϵĹ󸾣֪˶٣ϣ챣ӣƽӣһ˳졣
ĺˣ׼Ҳû뵽ӾȻܣһĲȥųŵסֵĻںʱƽĵ˺
ǸСŮСѾͷģѰѾͷҪһЩеǲ⣬ﺢӵĿ˿
ֱźӳʱҲһϲ
ϲӣĸŮƽ
СŮѾϴ˿ֱ̱ճĺӻ죬ŵǷˣСıСŮ㿪ѯӵ
ӷģһжãֻҪúýӾͺá
ããʱǶˣȥܼͣʱ䵫ź˵һʮӣ˻ʮӡ
ӺͺãŻĹŮԸԳĵ˸СŮãʹͷҲ󷽡
ҲǷˣ˿ӣʱˣȥϢˡ
ϲģԼСͺӶƽôʹͣǿġ
ӶˣĸߺȥӣѾ˯ˣ̽̽ƽǳ׷ˡ
ĸǰǰҵģŵùģӿˮҲӵ˯գ֣ôڸǰһҹ
ڶ䣬ѹʶŲԶźӵ˿ʱˣƽ

ŸճԱĺӹȥСһﻹδ۾ƤѾûиճôˡ
㿴ǵĺ
ÿ
ԼҹŮ˻СһƤǾԼҺӺÿ
ȱţԵ㶫ںúϢһ£ĸڣġ
û£еˡ
üˣ룬úúõĳԣ֮ǰٳԵĶ
һֱ࣬ù֮󣬳Ȼϵ·ˡ
ˮˣͲϴˣúúš
֪㲻ȥӪ𣿡
źӿһᣬڴͷЩ⡣
ȥһ졣
á
ûһˣĸߣоЩˣ¼˯ˡ
ǳûȥ鷿׼˱ϲĸ׺ĸ֪ˣһܿĵģΪ鲻дҲдɷġ
д˺üҳͻȥúӣаĸѺϢڴ˸ӵĺѡ
Ѿǵڶˣȥ˾ӪĸźڲԶţĸŻĺӣЦʮֿġ
ҲҪĸ׵ˡ
Ҫ㳤󣬵ʱ򰢵Ͱȥ档
ĸһԿţһĻоͦͬѰģһ˼ҶϡѾͷ⻹Ǵ˼أǸӦÿض𣿲ŮС۾ģﳤôÿˣ֪жÿء


41 
ŮϢ, ǴӪھӪһֱܺãײʿ䰮, , Ҳһͬʵġ
ڴľ¾, ڸڳҸľ¥, ʱһЩ߾Ľʿǡ
ճӪżסˡ
ϲӣϲӡ
Ŵ˲ؿ
Ӵ˷˸СŮɣЩź˹Ҳеġ
ɫˣĺ, ŮҲҵĶ, οĹŮôÿŵǻʵˣδ, תߡ
żԼĺ룬ıӰתȥ
ôˣ
СŮȥһƤ, ۾ҲˣСС, ÿձ, ôҲϡġ
Ÿѯʵ
, , Цݡ
ӪеһЩ°, ùܼȥ¥ˣҲСҲʱͱȥˣĸŮںúžǡ
á
ҲӪеðԼӣ˼ȥǱȥˣҲˣúúӡ
ŻСС˶˵Ů⺢ӻСںúţȴЩڱȥ
죬˾ӪʿһЩƷ͵ģûȥ¥ùܼ˲͵﷿óֱӸʿǼӲͣ˺ӣǸŮҲǵˣϲ¡
СѾͷ³ѾƯ޶Լڼ־ˣ׼ڰˡ
Ҳʱ䣬ȵǸʱ򣬾ǵĸĸŶ֪ƽϢˣǱضϲ
ӵʱʣҲûôˣӵ컹ϴ˺ü顣
鷿ϢԾü
²ԭǱϿɺļأ˽Ѿֿˣ෽˵£ɣµǿܸͶ࿹⡣
Ϻ죬ɣĺòҲɣ갵շˣԤй󣬺Ȼɣλʮþˣײڶ֧ԭһʿѮԭʿڣʱ꣬ɣһελá
μӾǱˣμˣЩССĲ죬һ밵жշˣɼ˻еġ
߾ó׿˺󣬾ûڹˣԾ뵽˻ʵۡ
ʵյϢҲû⣬Ͼ˺ֵģֻɣǻɺ֮λڼ޸׹ȥõĿԭ䣬ĸԸĳԭ
ʵǲһһľ²ԭԭʵ۶⣬ܹʷõľǰЩĸԸĳ
ǿĻһʵѾ֤ˣ˲Ҳò£궼û£ʮʿڲԭԭŽУԭڲԹڣҲ⣬ũǸѵ
ԭֻжʮ˿ڣЩ˶䣬ҪʱǾȫԱˣǲһ£϶ԭء
ŮϢ˾ǣʵ۵֪ʹ˲ٺöڣҲۿɼĿģһˣҰŮȻǲġ
ЩźŮûһٵУӴվȽŸϻϲĸʲôƵģҲ飬л˳Ͽӣǵһж
ҴҵģôҪ˼̳еġ
СŮµʱѾطˣװ۵ģལü۸ĸ׼һ촽ĸһģһ
˺ӣķҲƽ˲Ȥ
ҹҡ˯ĺĹŮоĶģ˹ŮۿɼĿģֻҪӶЦĵĸʲôƵġ
ʱ򶼻٩
ǽˣһ޵ʱ᲻
Ҫ͸
ԥ˵
Ȼպ󻹻бĺǸһǸŮǾƽֱ֣⣬ǶӣǾԼȥж־ķأôһֱżļҵء
󻹲һ䣬뵽뿪ǰĸ˵ģԾҡҡͷ
Ů˲٣ҲûŮеˣѹŮģƵģʱСѾͷϳЦһЦܿһ졣
ĸ˯ĺ޶ͬߣȻȻһѡ
Ӻ󣬳ĻָĲ֮࣬ǰһЩ飬ȴøոպãǰ̫ˣҲûɿڡ
ֱۺʹȻһЩ⣬ոպãǰ·Ҳϣδżʽʳָǰӡ
˵ϲӣҲû֮ǰôˡ
ҹ£ڱһ羰
ӲãôУЩƣŪŪȥģĺ˯շתߡ
ڶһ磬µԣڽӣ仹Զ˯һᲹһ
㿴ϣЦء
СŮһ˫۾ģǰȥÿοŮһͿǵģԼýֵˤµ¶źĵ̺
Խ̵ʱôԥôš
һԿСӣ
ӵӣ뵽Լĸ׳еǼǲãм𣬳һϸö˶ϸ
˵ء
źӣԱߣСİѺӷϣ˿źӣ̲סȥǶ˺þõĺ
䷳һĸӲÿˮӣ̾Լû޴ˡ
Ƭ̣ƺȻ˼ӼżǼģ𿪡
ϺϵĻţ˲ڣŵݿԿǺܿĵģһչ˺ñлᣬѺӴ
ǸŮŮϲҲߴŮ׼һ
ĸ׺ĸúܿİɡ
ǰ
ţ˺öණǸСѾͷģԸŮƽڷǰĸŮϡ
ϺӮ˴һԴСҲСŮϣϸһϻǿֵģһǽɳһƽϲ֡
˯ˣĸȥɡ
á
ĸңСıСѾͷȥڵڣרʰģҡⶼСѾͷߡ
СиӺͷ˶á
ĸĺԾĿ૵Щӣʵǳ˼ʶˣδ˼ô۰ŮģڻС˺󣬻֪ء
װۣƯСѾͷŶϲ
պһҹȻյһϢŷվЩ


42 
һ, ԭϿɺȥ֮ǰɣλϢ˱߾أԴ˲⡣
ɣĸɣĲһ, Ϻ춼˶֪, Ͽɺȥĵ, ɣĺͱ, ȥһʱѳˣȻҲԸġ
ɣĳܿܣ³ǲ˵
ɣɱϿɺˣܲԭ˵İ, ôһڽ߾, սǿô죿
ʲô֪ǻһ, Ͼ¼λĿɺҪģɣбµġ
ǲԿ¾Ϳ˱߾ֵ, ԭȱʳһսƲ, Ҳи, ǵ׼
ǡ
һҲǣԱ˴ů, ˭Ը, ˲֪ǿ֪óж, ߵʳһǱȥ
˳ʳ۸ǲߣϰҲȱʳ̵ʳԭ򲻳üǮ˶ǿɾͲһˡ
˵ű߾ó׵ʱ򣬻ʵڳҲ˲һЩΪȫûҪϾ߾ôཫʿڣԭЩִ򲻽ó֮һûʳڻǲǸ͵
ʵ۶ɣֵ鳯ϳû֪ҲûŸ߳£ֻ˵Լڱ߾ƺһǸֵ㲻ȥҲڻʳǿ˱߾
ص鷿ʵдһۣ˰ӼʵǱ߿϶Ҳ֣ûƲɣҲ˳ߵ̻Ҫߵġ
ʵյӼѾǰº󣬴ʱѾ֪ɣ˳λɺϢҲĺݣ켺Ϻ˵ɱɱ
ȻҲΪиô磬綼úһУҪһҲô˳
ɣӢӲãҪôһ˼λˣ޿ס
ʵۿۺţһԵп
ǰû뵽˰оȻôࡣ
ɣ걻Ҳ֪ɣҲ֪ģѾڸɣ׼һҩԹȥͣ׼һɿõŮӷΪ׹㵽ʱһ͹ȥɣ͵Ǹλĺˡ
ʵۿȻڵ
һһ߹ٵҲͰʱ䣬Ҳˣʱ޻ϵ㡣
ǡ
ԵͷӦ
ڶջʵڳϢ˳á
վԣ£߾ʮ¿ɺλ˱䣬ֵģûսܣˣö濴ᡣ
֪뷨⼸˳ûдս£СĦҲǲϣΪŰԽԽã׼ڸռɵĸ˰ԭƸӣ߾Ҳһֱ׹׼ѡŮӣɣżλҲ̫ġ
߾ó״󿪣ÿڵʳҲ޶ģֻٲ࣬λ̫ġ
ʵ⻰һ³˵
ЩʱӮ֪ϢЩӣܵ˵ǿĵģ⣬˳İ£Ӿܸϱˡ
ҲܼСŮˡ
ʵۼɵǼҲһˣô˻ᶪȨǻ£Ϊܱסҫ
Ըպ˯ŮܼҾţ˵һģԲԾüͷ
ԽԽ࣬˵ţʵŷöƱ
ʵ򿪱߾ͨóףʳĻǺϵģŴʳǲܳȥģЩ˶·飬ڶʳչ涨ÿ˶ֻܴٽʳȥ֮ͨҲֻȥһΣһʳǳȥġ
ͻȥɡ
ǡ
ܼҶԴ˲⣬Ͼⲻǵһ˻ȥˣӳһηƱ󣬾Ҳûչˡ
Щʱܼ˵¡
žͲҪøˡ
ǡ
˵ŷȥ
л˵
ǣܵڽҶܸˣϤǵı֪һûд壬ǰһдڶ췢ġ
ǰȻˣһʼΪҺͺãЧԣּƬҽǽҵȥҽԺչҲû취ոˣȻʲôҲСԵסԺһӣҾû취£⣬϶ӵģԺ˺ˣҾͻָˣǷġ
лһֱ֧֡


43 
ߵǰ, ͸ڱŮⲽŶҡ
㲻Щ߰飬Ѿܼˡ
˵СıСŮ, һԡ
á
Ե˵ͷ, Щ˴ŵĻ, ʵлߡ
Լ񹦸߸, ʵ۲¼ɣҲȻ˶š
ȥһ괺СŮѾˣůһ㣬ǱȥԺɹ̫
ܼҼҴҵ߹, Ѻӵݸĸ
, ǰԺϺõ᷿ūŶʰˣġ
ǾͺãôҲ, ˴ȥԭǱµּ⣬·ȻǼＸ, ȼס򲻿и
ǡ
ҪϢ, ǰ򸾶˾յ, ⣬ɣɹλ, ʵ۶ҪЩʲô, ͸׹, ǽãʵΪ˸õĿɣꡣ
˿̣ɣڲԭǵڣҲһ
˳λвˣ²ԭ춼¿ɺ˶ռԭǳأ
ԭղ˵ķڷһЩ©֮㣬ԭʵҩţûнҩǲᷢҪѾĻλãû˾ûˣͼʲô
ҩҲˣУһҩҲôģǵðһҩõ˵
ҽǱô˵
ɣλϣһԵĸޱ顣
ҽ˵Ѿˣһģһģɺڵȵȣ׼һԱķӣܷ³ɣҲðɡ
ɣԸˣλϣ˼ǧ
ӺϺȹڴɣˣ¶
ҲûðȥλҲûˡ
Ϻ챻ɣ֮λŴӦ£зɣҩǾȣʱֵؼʱǸˣټԻ㣬ɣǰʲô˵ˡ
ľѳۣҲû취ƳҩҪֻˡ
ɣԺһδ
ôУҽ㶼ûɣҩ˳ǹƵģ취ѻʹ̫ҽ°¡
˵ĵס
ɣ˵۾ֲûôףʹڴڸһ˾˻ʵۣûʵ֪²ֱҪˡ
˱Ͷɣĸ̫ҽʲôĶڻʵԸȥҲġ
򲻵ѣôɣ¿ɲǸԭʵ˺Ƥʱ
Ϻ쿴һɣ꣬˵˵Ѱ졣
˿̣ԭӪڣڼʿȥ׵ʱʵּһЩϱؼͽһٵ±
ǧʿˡ
ϱսվǲУ˼УĲڣҲãδǿ˱ȥ⣬˲֮ģֱӷеġ
ԴҲʵϹӣʵ۵Ļظ˼ǿТ
ʱ䣬ڹ¾Ҫˡ
˵￴֪ΪΣܸоǵȥϲģ֮ǰҲȥԭϲǻʵصֵܡ
ﶼ׼ˣǶǰԺס
֪ɩɩùܼҶʼʰ˿ⷿء
Ե˵ͷҹһظ
Ļ˯
Ŵ۾ԼСŮᣬıСѾͷֳԼЦˣĵĸʤƵġ
ǾӪܴҾ죬㹫ʱҲ¡
״ڵ
ǳԴˣ
һԣЩˡ
ôҲŮĴװҹԵǿʮ顣
ڶ˵еԴ˷򸾶˶ܳھǵǾ͸˵ˣӣЦЦ޶˺˯˺ӣĸȥҡ
ױǰһûһµͨŷϴ󣬽ʸͷӵ
ƹ谵Ƿոˣ֪ΪΣܸоţԾľͿĻ
˯ɣʱˡ
º󣬶ӵһĽ㡣
˺ӣӻǰƵģҲƽ˲Ȥû¾͹˵ֵֻСӤѾʼѧСѾͷ̾ʱˮ
СѾͷװ۵ģһ˫۾ÿʱ֡
ϲһ
ҵ룬Ҳ֪Ϊһֱû
Ҫſģ֮ǰҸһ°á
лɩӰοҡ
պ˴󲿶ӵˣֱԸӾӪڼдִȥ˳ļӪѲӡ
Ƿĵľ壬Ҳ֪ʵۼɵӣѾܲˡ
ڱ߾ھҲģǰЩӱ»أܵر߽˵ĸ
û˵ǲ⣬æͷǫѷƴһļŴ˿ţĪоˬҲû˵ʲô
үȥԭȫҲС³پʱү
á
֪ԼһȥǲаȫģˣǲܾģϾǱΣ˵ء
ź׹ļױһֱڻﴧҪҩЩܳ
պһȥ˲ԭ
йԱӣ󣬿ŽԶȥ˿
⣬ҲҪؾˣ߾ֻҪɣλʵûʲôõĵˣӪϲ㽫ƱػӭѪ
趼ˡ
ڼң˱裬飬첻߹ȥѵ
ǾͲˡ
ʲôúȵģӣϣůԺֲҲˣ䲻義ǻ԰ÿٻţܱûкá
̧ͷŴ⣬ʱʱĶＸ䣬ٲȻһԶޡ
ƶŲ㣬ջĬĬ˳ȥ
ھСŮӣ˿ֺţ˯ļԴӴůڰʻ͹ӡ
óҶ⺢ӵأĸźǸˡ
һʱЯȥڿŮСѾͷڸĸֱ֣Ҫ
ԹŮ˵ӦֱӱŹؾٸ߸ߡ
ϰ֮ˣˣǺë̺Ҳˤ˹Ů˽˺ĸˡ
յӻû꣬źˣһר־ĸŮӣһһʮġ
л˵
һˣˣܳɹȻأҲ¸µˣոûġ


44 
˲ԭѾǰº, ůġ
óطû˻ӭԼδĮԶ, ҲںЩ, ǾɻʵԼ鷵ؾǰˡ
ϲ, ϲӡ
ɣ׿׵ʹ, ųǵ˿Ķ⣬Ҳû£֮ǰ׼
˻ѻʵ۵ĿƣǾǰΡ
ʵ۱µﱾɺˣ׹պѺ, ҲǰһֱԸ, ɺҲС
ڲʣڲԸɣҲʵ, ˿ɺյĳˣΪĸоĺˬ, Ҳ֪ǲһٰԭʵ۵ĳ, ǾͲ, Ҫ˱ضܡ
ǡ
˵վֱӡ
һЩԭһ˽Щ, , ߵʱζĿһɣ, ɣϲԣ᲻
ҹ˽ȥõҪĶɫСƿһ಻١
ɺرӣ絮ԭСӲǣܲܺ˰
ϣһûһڵĺŲ裬⻰һɣ߬ȭͷ޲ֱɱ˭֪ҩ᲻Ӱ캢ѾΣպ󺢶ҲǱضܿԭң¸׳ƳʲôڹԭֱӲսʤ
˵Ķ˵ˣվͻ̳ɺΪ֮ǧǲöͷ¶ѾõˣȻ׹и㵱ӵġ
ʵҲΪֱɣƱػòԭಿ䲻ʱɣòȵĿɺλһ䣬ǾͲֵˡ
ŮӣֲŮպ˴ҵ˰»ǲġ
ջʵ۵Уô󣬾뿪˲ԭǣ˱ȥ˾Ӫһʿͱ߾գ뿪
£صůҲȣ̫߸ʱ񾭳СŮԺˣ
СѾͷѾˣһЩû֮ǰôˣٿҲӾˡ
ĺܿ죬ײײҲѽѽҲܽеˣͷںڣúС
ɩӣѾͷüֱ̫ϲˣһһӡ
ǰƸȾ˷纮ûĹ˲ӣܾù˼գѾͷøˡ
СѾͷԺܺãȻǼǵƣҪǺ
ůˣҲ·
ƶ
ɩ֪⡣
ǰ壬ȥ棬ɽ¶ȻпɣɽоЩˣ֮͸Ⱦ˷纮ںˡ
ɩӣҪץܵģɶ׼ˣ
ǰҲ˵԰߷һԣ󿪿ڵ׼ˣҸˣڼ죬ҲûҪ͡
á
һ˼£죬ܻӴһΣµʱѾӰһˣҲûʲôݣպؾˣʱڸӰ¡صü˶Ӿͺá
˵£궬Ǿ̻ؾˡ
ϣϹͣҲ˵ʮа˾ģʵ˺׹ȥƱã߾򿪺󣬶Ҳڸһȱʳˣ϶ս¡
յӪѪҲǸûᡣ
Ǹ߱صأΪǴ˵ҫǮѾˣδ˵Ҳˡ
ؾҲãȥͿԿҲܿˣʱһžۣʲôá
޶һ÷СѾͷ˸ºĸоͽ˳ҲҪԵúÿ˻ʳ
ľʵײ飬СѾͷϹ࣬ŵֺǺǵġ
Ӽв˹㿪ʼŪŮȺҲǼֲˡ
һ˯ɡ
á
ڵмСѾͷʮ˷ܣһῴŵһῴףȥ˷ܵм㵸
ʱˣֱӰĸŮ§ڻĺ˫
һ磬ʱѾˣСŮ˯죬ʱֱӰ棬ñӵš
˯һԣڲĹŮӺܺãпɰŮõķܲôæǾ͸ˡ
Ȼؾˣһһõģ뵽Ůա
緹ܼ򵥣Ҳʢ߲˶УڳҪ·࣬Ա̫СŮȥ档
ӪҲûţˣҲȥˣҲ֪жòܵ
˸ţֱȼ򿪴һ紵˲ҷ
ر¿´˲ٺö﷿˵ʿյľܳһٴء
䣬һԷºȻڵ
·˳ӯʿйҲӦõġ
˵һˮˮ
ӪĳǷֿģƷټϵĳԵĶССãճװ漸춼⣬ʿǳԵǾǴܲײżеװڲܳԵһأһ㶼ͷǲ׷
Ҳǣ㲻ˣ
¼ͳһС룬Щȡ
ˣˡ
ȥһ룬óԡ
Զϻ𡣡
û£Ҳ£ؼҶȵͺá
˵ֳȥˣ
ӣż
Ե˵ͷ
ӣӯǲҲҪڼӪʳǲЩ˷ˡ
Կż
Ҳ֪߾ûս£ƽսʿǳԵĺһ㵹Ҳ޷յľȥ⣬ǾЩ˷ˣ¿ߵ֧귭һҲ᲻˵ġ
ʿǣ´ʹһӣλѾˣǮֱӸʿǸƻʳҲǶõµĶ߾óؿԭϵţ۸ҲҽʿǴδʣ·ˣҲ˵˷ѡ
żһһ˵
ô˵ƽպһֱʡǵʡǮ£պãδá
Ŵ˸֪Ǳ¸ӪʿʹͣӪСʿƱػ᲻ֱڻʳҶܳԵҲһԵģƽġ
⻰һŽĳȥصӪʾҪдӣ׼״˳дһ룬Ȼ˱ʣһԣͷۡ
ǻʵģץסЩĴЩ˶ܽô̶ҲһżֵԼû
պǵö˼ϸһ룬ûʲôëʵʹ͵ı²ʿͽ죬óؿǲԭţַ˶Ҳ
ʿǳ⣬ǻ뵽ǻʵ۸ʹͣҲʵҪĲЧϲ㽫Ǽ²Ĳ£ġ
л˵
ղأհ
רкܶԤգǿȥϲղһ£Ὺģлҵ֧֡


45 
ؾ, ѾѮˡ
°Ĳʵ⣬ʹһѺö, ʮļڡ
, Ӯ֪Ϣ, ȥϡ
밢һһ, в
ɫˣװɲС£һʵƱػ̫ҽһˣ۾֮, ̫ҽǶǳصİ
˷, аգҩǸ׻ڵʱһλģº, ̫ҽҲﲻģɵǼңŶ֣һ, ؾǺТΪ, Լر߽, Ҳˡ
Ӯ˵ӻóһСƿ
ɫҩжģɫǽҩ, ֮һ, ҵ֪, ܳһû⣬Ϊ˶ĿˣһºιҳԽҩҩһÿˮͿɣһ·һΣˣҲǴ֮顣
ʵ۶ɣȴҲԼҵΪϹǸŸһµֵܣֻҪǱֳ⣬Ϊôҫͻס
ӻʵۿסɣ꣬ȫű߽ó׺Ӯ֪ʵ۵ͼˣ˼˺ܾòôһһʧķӣǺõģʵΪδػͬ⡣
ʱزΪΨһĶӣӣȻҪǰźģҪǲТʱǣ俴ţʵҲûоܾɣҲܾ¹̩񰲣ս²佫þûô
οջرȨˡ
£ӣ
ĵĻ
˷ģ£Ҳҵӣһûأȥ֮ǰ͸˵£ⶫҲǸ׸ҵģʱѾˣɣӢսʱҪˣҲͬ⣬²һˣ޴󻼣εץסȨģʱץסܾûôõĻᡣ
ڱ߾ܶҹҲûУ˵ҵİɣͲ
Ǻðɡ
ر߾ʮ꣬ҲˣɾôһӣҲߣǳ´ʻһžۣҲǺõġ
ҹĹºȻƽȥ̫ҽҹľ˲ˣ̫ҽҲǾȣһǿصĲӡ
Ӯùҩڴɫףֽŷ࣬Ϣ΢һ̾ҪûˣһһֱޣԼҷӣнҩ֪ãҲܣѰˣֿࡣ
±ӣ˶Ѱոжá
ϵıʹۿɼ۾Ѿ޵ĺף̫ҽţһԵĸҽ֢˵һʵ֪ˣ϶ʵġ
˲ͻȻ֮ǰӿ⵹ͻȻڱ߾ϴС˾Ͳϣʱ򾭳ջҪȥУʱܿȥͣʹһӱɾͳ̫ҽ˵ϵĿ󣿡
ҽԼҵˣ˵ĺе̫ҽӮӣԾǵزȻԵ˵ͷ
ҲôΪģСĶˣһӱɲڵġ
Ѿҹдһҩǲҩڼ˲ΰƣȵŰɣ˲ΣҲȥˣû⡣
ֵص̫ҽһյλֵһүҪġ
Կ޵ĸˣܼҼ״æ̫ҽȥһԣʹ͡
ӮͻȻڶһ磬ʵۻδϳ˵£Ϊӵ̫ҽԺԺе̫ҽȥӮ
˵ӮҲŹֶ֮رߣ˺պմ󹦣ȥԼȥÿպȥ
Ӯһ򿵽ʱͻȻЩ֣Ҳʲô󲡡
û뵽ˡ
ʱʵڿӣɣǱ߶ٺˣ¾͸취ԼҹϵǳЩӪԱһ˹ȥûҵᣬӮȻͲˣ⡣
没ˣ
ģʵۺȻ
ǣɫ԰ף̫࣬ҽ˵֮ǰ缲ҲһЩϵ
ʵԵ˵ͷĸ̫׼һ磬ȥӮȥĸ̫ҽʲô
Ӯĺ֣̫ҽҲûʲôؼ֢״˻ţЩΪѾȥˡ
̫ҽһ˵ǣ֮ǰĲ̫࣬ҽԺʮλ̫ҽô˵м٣ôӮⲡ˳ɾˡ
һʱ֮䣬ǷзٸԼ˶ȥ̽Ͽ޵˫ۺףһһҹûϢ㲡
һ磬ۺ٣ʵԿ֮ǳ׵ӮأһʱЩ꣬úõˣͻȻͲˣôͻȻ⧲ӣҲ֪ܻá
ڹһʱʹ˴ĲƷҩģŻع
عϣʵ˼ǧĳ̶ֳ˵ˡ
ص֪Ҳʱ䣬Ϣڰº˰Ӽ͹ʱ⣬ӶıˣǰǺܱʹġ
漴Ӫд飬Ҳ׷װο
ھӪĲڣû֮ǰôרˣҲӪﻹһȺϱӮµĽʿԶʹ
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ǵĹڸҲʼϾ˿ء
ү鸣죬һ챣ӣɩĪҪ̫ˡ
û£ƶлˡ
ѾͨԴ˳Ҳ⣬οҲؾ˽˵Լҷģʮˣսϵ⽣Ӱϵˣ˼꣬˰ɲ١
⼸أƱһʱæĥ
һµʱգ۶ڼ侩ǲ˶֪̫ҽ˵һʲôҩģߵƷӮǸʼһɫ
仹˸˵˵˵£Ҫһôҩʯҽ
Ӯһӣڣӿ첻ˣȻԼģʵˮʹƷҩƷյǺͬˣŮؾ
߾ûд󽫣Ͻδ󽫾һְʮ䣬ҲһѺ֣ͷԼ򵥣ÿơ
⣬߽δǲսµģ˧ԽҲܷ˵ġ
ص죬Ѿˣյ˻ʵ۵Ļţһ̤˻ؾ֮·
;пջĸźѾ߾ͺãߵʱԼöζ͸ƣŶպ󻹻ڼġ
֮ǰϸϸĶһ
һ磬̳ʮֲᣬᣬ°ο䣬վڳϣɪȿŴӻظ
ˣǻǿԼסġ
ȥʱ򣬻ױ·Ҳ˱
ˡ
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䣬Ѿͷ˯ˡ
źҹ·ǲʵóſٶȣҹվҲֻϢĸʱˣҲԽԽˣʱڸ·һҲϾϹⲡ̫ͻȻˡ
һ·ؾһ£һǸϵ˾ǡ
ϤĳţڿһԵķСŮ˿ǻˡ
л˵
ǣʰ֪˵ʲô۸Ҳа


46 
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ҿ׼ұ֮ǰһЩҲſ, 챣, ԽԽõġ
ϿϿο
һʼӮ, ˻, Խ˵Խ֪ʵ۶̽ˣڳҲȥˣϻ˾ǣҵǶŮ׼ҡ
˲ٴǰͬͬǰæ˲, ϧһʼ˵ҩʯҽ, Ӯһº󣬸ҽڸ֮һ󲹵ҩ, еת
⼸£˻δѣҲ˺תļ
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ʱ׼ˣն, ̫ҽҲ˵ˣǹүͦȥ, Ǿû, ⲡͣ, кתˡ
˵ֺۿ, ֪Ӯ, ӣҲܡ
Ӹ˰ɡ
ϺȻת˻⣬ʱҲˡ
Ӧǿˡ
ϸ˵ܼ꣬ҺȻ¶ϲ
ˣӺٷ˴Сˡ
죬ǽ
ŶӺͶϱеȼ̼Ȳıźӳȥ
ĸףĸ
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ȥϽϿų˯СŮ֣СѾͷȻѣڿԼף˵ͷŮڻ
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񰡣ǰ⺢ĿãСͮͮģһͽˣŮҽǵöע⡣
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ͣ˭ûиʹأôһ룬ҲȻˡ
ʱ׼ˣ˷߰ɣҲˡ
á
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ĸ㡣
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֮ǰסԺﶼʰˣһֱסͺá
л
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⼸Ҳ࣬춼Ӧꡣ
Ӿͺˡ
ӮүҲˮǴߣǻϮ׵ľλģԼҿɾһǺ飬ϥֻһŮ񶼶˼üŮ檣˵ĺΪãʵҲմôˡ
Ƕܾˣʱ䳤ˣҲЪ˼ˡ
ӮĲ֮ȥľӪȥˣҲİ


47 
Ѯľ, ȵ˺䤱պ˯˹Ůͨ˵ݷ, 
񹫵Ӵ, ÿս̵Сѧ, ȥ˳ľӪҲ, ֮ǰһ޶ָˣҲڱлˣлţҲܳȥˡ
ڵ֪ؾȲ, ʱӮ, Ǳлͣ˽н飬żҸҿɸûʲô, ҲŰݷá
˵ӮˣŴŶŰݷá
ĶͨѾˣǣʱСһŴ۾Ĵء
, ڻˡ
δȵЦųǰȥ
ȥ, ڼ, ǰΨһͬǶĸס
Ӧò, ǽþһˡ
ò, ͨ, и
ͨĶӣѾˣСһģɰˣԽһ󣬵ҲСģˡ
ӿСͨҲزסϲ֮顣
ͨôˣϧϣѾͷ˯ˣȻǼҲá
ǲɡ
˵Ĺ򣬶˶ˣͨͲ󣬽Ͷģסĸȥ԰棬Ҳ˽˵ء
ߣڹһʱѾͷҲˣÿ
˿ڲ裬ԲδܾˣҲء
ҳôǰһģһ
翴һȦЩʵǻʵʹ͵ĿȴǰǵĹҪء
Ҷϰ֮ǰӣʰġ
ˣڽ
ˣ㿴ڣǸǲõġ
˵һҪϲأӶãҲƣոȥݼͨʹһء
뵽ϣЩĽ񣬺ѵֱ̫˳ˣǰ͹üã޺Ǿ͸˵ˣĽ
˰ͨ㻹ðɡ
ͦõģҲôڼңһдʱ䶼ڳķ´ţҾŰͨȥõڼﰡҲüɿˡ
ͦõġ
ǰҲճˡ
ˣҲˣǰոдţ˵Ҫˣڹ£عƾС
ķǼõģճһгҲܿһѹúãҲǺܿĵġ
ˣǽһˡ
ǰ
δ˾һ˵ֱ࣬СŮ
Ůÿ㳤Ҳ񡣡
ǰɡ
ĸӸڱСѾͷݴЦֱǰҪСŮ˿ף
֮ǰ˵Ľ׵ûɡ
ϼ׹ȻãǻСǵÿպǶԱ˴˵⣬ܹͶϣȻǼõġ
֪ģҿ϶ҼҰ̵ͨ䣬
籧һᣬСѾͷҪµأֱӰ˷£ǿĸʾȥ԰档
öһ˵һĻҹ䱾ͻͨŻȥСһһ˼ʱҲϤ˺ܶ࣬СŮߵʱ򻹲ֱи硣
СѾͷ˷û˯Ѹ˵ˣҲ˵Щ壬ˣοһܼ˵ˣźݷˡ
ȥ档
á
Żװ۵СѾͷĸȥˡ
Ӯ޵˵˹õ飬Ҳ֪ﱾòᣬ϶һ֮ǰŵǹŮСҲųҲҪŮˣҲˣһаžۣҲʱһˡ
񻹵æ񣬵Ϻ϶ڣ񾭳ţӾУŮҲгչˣˣҲûʲôõĵġ
Ӽ޸һ𣬳֪ҪľãټĹڵĿҪ˳ļ̳˵ġ
򸾶ŮԶǮλСŮû취̳еģǻؾֻҪͻ˵飬һֱڴߣ֪ĸΪãֻģҲã̵ҲãվԼĺá
гһŮһöãŮӲܶ飬ܿܿԼǰң޺ңãһ˳죬ãǱһĿѡ
ڴϣȻ˵ôһ仰Ե˵ͷ˵£ǧ꣬ǸŮбֻŮӲܣǶȫſŮδػò
ڶһ磬ϴŮ˵ã룬߳ڴߣҲ㲻Сˣǵüӽ
̥ҩʲôģ෿һЩʣµľͽү˰ɡ
֮ǰ˵ﵽһ·˳ǰһ¾͵ˡ
ٺú󣬽־һûгźӣȥҲڷ㡣
硣
Сһڵ³Ը㣬һһڵģϵźüˡ
ҰŸͨҸ飬պҲɸȲˣϣú棬ʱҸ
ҲլӣլӵǲǶģλʮֺã԰ﻹмɽͤԱ
ɻҲжˣҲһĲҲһ氡
ҵ룬УҲ֪ΪһֱûУ°ãڷҺܺãҲƣδߴٹ
뵽ߴʣˣЩ죬ǰϹˣſϺǸĹεĶ˺ˡ
ǵ÷ſģ°ãֻҪӿܻеã㿴Ҹ֪
á
СһԱǣֵײײߣյûôң͸ˣӣڿһųԹĺѣȻо⣬һֱǾˡ
պ󣬳յԼ׵ţ֮ɫԾı˱䣬Ҳ⻰
ȥСסˣڰݰŮУǰղμһᣬǽģ˵ϸǰ˵㡣
ˣҲû˵ˡ
е˰Ǽñ˹ñԼá
˵ŷһԣڿο
ЩӣǺܺõģĪҪġ
ǿ϶Ҳܼģڸ䣬ûкģʱҸ顣
ƵҲСˣҲһֱһˣߵĴѾȢ˶ȥˣһϲģҲϲˣ󿪿һӡ
ˣū澲ˡ
˵Ůв˵ģ߶ˣĪģһױģ۸㣬ңҸ
£󿪿ڵūСû˵ó¸һڷԣӣˣūû뵽ˣūźͦõģÿտĵģչС㣬Щū澶ҲһЩ˽Ǯϲġ
ǰʹһأʱΪСѾͷǵģû뵽ȥġ
ˣǩŰɣˣźͼź򣬸һֲ٣ôˣҲţøġ
̾˿һԵĺȡ˴ƵǩƱҲūˣȥ⣬Ҳһʲٵ˽ǮˣԸѾͷ뿪һ졣
лˡ
ƽƱһֱڵȣȷСӣû˷ߣʱЩĻܣھСԺӰ


48 
ˬ, һ磬ŹŮȥ⿴Ϻͳ
ջؾʱ򣬵֪һʱ䶼ڷ, , ˿ĸֻӷ, ֻǼ˲֪, һʲô飬ĸױһһͶȥ
غҲΪ
ȥĸˡ
ҡҡλεʻ·ϣǺٶȱһ㣬СѾͷһ߳Ըһ߶š
ϣ, Ǿȥĸġ
һձһմ, նб仯Ŵϻ۵ŮϡĸʲôƵ, Ǿ͸˵ˡ
Ը⡣
á
ӹŮݹĹ𻨸⣬ҧһڣɿڣڼ, һҲ壬óԼˡ
óԡ
СŮԼ, ֵһֱЦ
Ѿһʱ, õĺܼ򵥣Դ֮Ұ׵, ի, ɽ, ֻӹúò
ϣˡ
ӹŮĸŮֱӴĸȥɽˣȥˡ
ĸ׷ģŮͷһֱŬ
֪Ҫ˵ʲôȳߺͿˡ
ƵýⲻС£õĹˣӶҲãǱң²ǺԺ綼ˡ
˵Ծ̾˿
֪ΪҺãҲû¡
Ǿͺá
㣬㡣
һһ÷СѾͷ߳Ա߶Ĵ㣬ϱȥ˺Ժ￴ȥˣɽ㶼Ұ㣬Ҳʮֻ졣
㰡СʱһģһôʱҲϲι㣬ʱұ˸ں߰һǴ졣
ϱȻ˶ǰ飬СѾͷһʳͷЦˡ
˸⣬Ҳû֪ģȻѰöϡĶ͸ء
뵽һңЩ˸Уͨ䲻ϣҲˣһҵġ
ڹһҿ϶ͻˣɩ֮ǰŻ˵۶񶼳ɴأ룬ȥǰ
⻰һϺȻķʵȥҲǿԵģھҲûʲô鰡
꿪ȥϴϱȥû϶źǻġ
ֱӿڵ
á
زǿԴźǻģǰʹӻˣȥû϶ġ
ɩֶĸ׿Ҫ˵һʱһҲˡ
á
ŴŮسǣ׼÷ˣһӮʱûƹˣúͶϱŮһԡ
׼ðɡ
ء
ǾͺãɩڣǼҲһжãûʹźȥǡ
á
ҹ䣬Ůһȥҡ
ɻôӶˣû𣿡
ϴͨһֱԼڵ
ôҲ
ֱѵۣǰӵӣͭеˣȥˣûô䣬ѾΪĸˡ
ĸðɡ
ء
һȥ
á
˸һϢҪؾˡ
ʵд˶֣ˣЩߵĽģʶġ
Ǻ°
뵽ҲҪȻͿ֮ǰڱصЩӣסһദĺأˣضǹģϾֲ࣬ͺˡ
ǰǻʱһȥƮ¥Է
š
޶Ӻ֣ԽԽԽãչٶУǱ࿪ˡ
죬һ廨翴ųڵ٩˵ͬʱеģͬһǿɾ̫Եˡ
Ե˵ͷɲǶ˶˶ӣǶֵܽܣһһŮҲܽ׼ңŮǾͬͬͬĺýˡ
ˡ
˿ˮϣкӷһЩɫҲ˲٣ӹģ˿ݹһ
ЩпǰǸɫ԰׵겻ѣһжˡ
ͨʦҲˣǲָѧʲôֻҪܾУڸ䣬һӣͨڿʼ粻磬˵ѧԽСԽãҴ綼佫ҼҲû䣬żǾ͸˵ˡ
á
ͨǳĸɶӣԴҲǺĵģжҪ˫ȫĺãڳ㣬ܱ
ҹѯ
Ǵ꿪ʼѧģһʼʦҪɲӣҲǵѭ򽥽ģҼǵøǰ˵һʼǸܲģſʼϰʦѧȭʲôġ
ãһͷ
ҲǣСӹɿ϶ǲɵģǵ
СӽǲտʼֻҪҲû
ǼͨģϾ֮ǰСŮ߶磬ģڼңźݷãһ档
ţͷԵǺܿɰҲƤԺӵܣ񶼼ǵ˫ͨӡ
Ůӿ𣿡
԰ŵϣ䣬ѧ꣬Ҳþͨ͵ǿˣԱҲС
ŮӱͽǧСΪһ纮ܱҪС˵˲飬׻ǽ̫ˣɲŮպһ͵
Ҳá
˵ӣֲԾĸԼĸ
л˵
ǣҵİ뿪ˣҲǹԣϲıȥרղһ¡


49 
̥ʮ, Ѿһˣظ֮ǰȣڷӦء
¸, һԲ˼, ˮ, ɸˡ
, 
ŵݸĸ㰢һˣϣףվĿ
ϣˣܵˣܣʱվͺ, ûµġ
֪Ů, ϱִӷ»ˣ֮ǰŮûչ˵ֲһ, üҲҪʰһۿڽϱӺŮҲҪˣﻹҪ׼, סҲ㡣
ƶŮһǸӣʱҲ, ųʱ, ûµʹȥڻʱ, ͺ, кǸһЩ
ǵҸ̫ҽ
Ҳ, ʱûԲ¶ôǺأʱ䳤ˣ㲣۶ϱ˵ﻹкء
˵ùܼȥ룬ǰ̫ҽ˵ˡ
û¡
ڹ󣬳ϣоԼģ˯ˡ
ܻܵ
СѾͷĸȻڵ
ܵܲǰĸ˾˵ʱϣˣ֪ˡ
ϱֺ壬СѾͷ˯ˣԼҹŮҲ˯ˣʱסˣŮأҪ˵ҲǲܵģҲûʲôð취ֻţ·ݴˣǾͺһˡ
ӪǼǹӣ뵽ͳڣ˲٣ļкֶ˵ڷӦģֻܿȥʱҲûʲôð취
ʲôأôоЩĲɵġ
ҵĵմС˹
һЩ°ˡ
ر߾ָ꣬ӵõ
վڸߴŵڲʿһģս⣬Сĺ췽ˣķڷ
Դ˾ӪԹýʿʤҶܺ棬ûӮģı߶ս˶ǾӮˣҲܴһƽ֡
һµʱ䣬ߵľͣýʿǳľԼı¡
ľӪڱ߾ģʿǶЩ꣬Ҳ֮󣬺һ٣
Ļʵ֪пԼãдƤӵ£Ҳûʲôĵˡ
ң֪һûôԶüͷĸ
̫ҽˣ˼ֹµҩ
ϿŶӣ˵˭Ҳû뵽طӦȻǿҡ
һ᲻ϲҩܺȾ͹ˡ
⻰һϿһۣȷʵͼˣӣԶ˹ȥģڶϺȵġ
ȥڰϣʱҰǿţһЩڴȥӱϾС϶ֵģʱ䳤˶ԺҲãҲð̥
á
ԴδܾŮ˶ˣҲŷҪ
˷ӻ˯ȥ˸ӣĸţΪŮ˯ˣһСѾͷüҧָأԲ۾ԼЩ⡣
ô˯
ܻܵ
СѾͷ˵꣬һµľˣǰúõģ˵ܾܵ϶ǵܵܲá
ܵܲӲúúţĸߺòá
Ůڻĺš
á
СŮܾϲĸǸϲһ㡣
ңҸ˯
׶˯ˣĸסգ׺ˣòá
ƭҡ
ŻѩɰĹŮա
ʲôʱƭ㰡
СŮˣҲöԿһǵͷӦˣԼ¡
游
á
˵ͱŹŮȥˣĸںæϣΪӻԼ뵽Ѿ˯˵С㣬Ȼװŵġ
ϲŮڻﻹ˵Դ˯ٺùŮŻݡ
ôˣ
ڴϣһѵӣæڻ
ðɡ
˳ƿԼҷ
ʱ䣬ݲ٣Ÿճɻʱ࣬ӣֲԾĽ˽
պ󣬺̽񣬼Ҳۣ˴죬뿪
תۼ䣬һ궬죬˺Ӻ󣬱ʱúܿ졣
һԻˣҲûǰôˣ̥ӱ֮ǰҲָ˲٣ÿճԱ˾˯ΪصЩ⣬Ҳòˡ
ˣһȥ𣿡
ˣ׼͹ȥУУǽһЩĺá
Ѱȥ
ҪǴǰ£̥ˣȥʣҲܾһ̥Ϻͺܣǽһĺãòһˣô죬úŰɣ̥òˡ
׶Ӵ󡣡
СŮŰӹͻȻųĶ˵
㻹ǵúúţ֮ǰ̫ˡ
ĸ׷ġ
룬һ̥˵һǸ̥ҪһЩǵûϣʱĸ¶ôԻء
ؼң̹ǣƼ˳ſڣò
Ǹزͬµ⺮ĶգϵҲ١
˿̣鷿ڣʵڸӮ˵
ǼСӶôʴӱߡ
֮ǰʵ۲ż󹬸ǲðʵ۽ѯӮͽ̵ǹε̫ҶղΪʵҪˡ
λӽϽѧ΢ʴӱ߲Ŭܽߡ
Ҳǣʲģʱ˻ȥɣҲˡ
Ӯˡ
ԼһֱǱʵⴢλ֮СǼҴͣⶼҪʵ۵ġ
ӮߺûȻʵҲ֪ӦǲԭǱߵ顣
ɣŰ׹
ʵһĲš
£ˣ֮ǰߵˣö඼ʧˣǵ˵ɣӦҵҩǰʱ䣬Щֵ˽ԭĶ
̫ҽԺԺ
ʵףϢģô߾϶ᰲģ˵꣬ԭء
£ҩûнҩûҩ΢ҩʱõҩĶǲģģһζһζǲеģһģһģƳ˿Ի֢״ҩˣ·ģҩܶϣҩܹ֢״꣬ûм΢õҩܡ
ʵɫźһ㣬ҽһԵϴ͵ҩһⶼȥˣҲûˡ
£ˣͲعڵˣֻҪûóͬģµģʢʱ޵ء
ʵԵ˵ͷΪǱʧء


50 
òײŲȥ, ʱ䡣
ǲ֪̥Ų, ĳչܼ˵ؼٷ, 
ƽ, Ӷһûˡ
ɩ
ƿǿ, ˹أӦ
ЩҶˣǽҴɩɡ
ҸǰŻؾңٺúɩ, Ŵɩϲ, ϲˡ
ȥĸϣ
ǰ⺢ӿأϣ, £Ը㣬һóϲܽر
лɩ
ڼ˵Ļ, ƿϣһ, СѾͷȴǰÿˡ
ǵﲻ
СѾͷƿһ, ҡҡͷ벻ˡ
ʱС, ǵòǹ, ϣ, ɩʹǺøôõĹŮ
֣СѾͷҪԹԵԸ㣬Сʱһģһ
ش˳Ҳеģ߸ճɻ黹Ƕһ¶Ļã㻹Сʲôüġ
⻰ʵ񲻹ʮˣҲǺء
˵ƴ˲ٶװһڵ
ˣôôණʲôء
֮ǰɩ뿪صʱôöأϧʱûʲôöɩӣؾɩˣϲ£ҿɲöЩףʹ硣
ɩӣϣۿžʹֺŮڼҽ̵
˼ҽŮһ㺢˵֮󣬱㿪ʼŮһЩź̵š
Ůӵ̬һ㶼ǴСʼģЩԸɣЩܸɣСϰȡ
»ûС
ǵСʱ߾ˣǻʼҿⷽòģ꿪ʼ꣬ߵһһǺ֡
оֹǸôСעǷˣ¹Ŷˣ¸ˡ
ЩĲУʱǺģ˳ȥʣ֪ЩǺõģ˵ԺʾùŮպһһ۵ĴС㡣
Ȱ̥Щ
Ҳ¡
Ůóͳ裬ܹͷý̵Ļǵỵ́Ҫޣڱſô죬ĵҲ
£ĸȥҼŮӸţžͺãڹ֡
Ҳңĸ߾ء
뵽źЩ֣һɡ
ǹĸһ£ϣСأҸ̫ŵǾͲˡ
ڹ飬Ҳ֪ЩʼҹͿһ˾Щչ˵ġ
á
պϹ˵¡
ʲôĸû취ѧãϣСأڹ겻٣Ѿͷϻء
϶Դ˱ˣʲôչ۰Ůû취ʱŮʱ򣬳ƷְǲͣҲߣպŮ޲Ǻ˼ң֣ⷽһжãҲôŮ
˵ԼŮ֣Ҳѹ֣עعǺõģӻСϣpanpanϡӣ֪ѾͷպǳҲҪѰ˼ģеʱѧģһġ
㰡Ҫľƽİ£ˣܣϣͦõġ
ϿԼҹŮĸЦı࿪ˡ
ʮƶһ̥һ̥
Ե˵ͷ
꽫ϴһ˫ŮҲˣΪȥû껹һ»ء
ΪӴԵڴϣɩߵһ˫Ůʮֿģǻ۶Ŷдģˣ뵱Ѿͷųġ
ɩ
͸˵ˣ£һ̥ɵúúţӿûʲôʰɡ
һжأء
Ҳء
ڸˣСѾͷ˹
۶ŵܵǰ֮ǰһܵ֡
۶ùˡ
롣
Ѯôˡ
СֶӽӴ࣬ճҲСһ˵ùãǽ㾭ǰ߶š
ùöеܵء
ѮԼҹùõĶӿһᣬ뵽ĸ˵ģ󿪿ڵ
񿴵ſվŵĹŮк
Ǿĸǽ͸硣
СѾͷ˹ճ˵һһˡ
Ůÿ
СһȫŸĸŵ㳤ã˵꣬ͰСŮͬʱ»ۺͳѮҲﻳСŮҲùõĺʲôӡ
ϣŽڼתתһ档
á
ϻСѾͷֱȥǣ֣Ǿͳȥˡ
ڿɺˣ󰡣ûҪĵģһžֻۣҸһʱĻز۶ҲˣѮҲСˣؾھǣһĸףһҲÿɶˡ
˵꿴Сӣ˵ˣ˵ʺǣֻҪǴӦУӣӲǺھǡ
᲻õģŮҪ˵׵ģ˵Ǽҵ׹ϵھǳܱҪһЩӸ״ԪɵĹһ𣬶Ҳкôġ
ҲˣҲÿɶˣСˡ
ôġ
ǲǺԸ⣬˵һ˵ΪǺá
ɩӱ𼱣˵ܻܿؾأҲδ뵽ôĻϾ͹ˣÿĵĲǣ㡣
Ҳǡ
СһѪԵϵģܿϤϣȴŽȥԼӣ߶˳۶ˣЩǲȤҲһŵܵá
һʱȥ˻԰䶼Ŵ멵Ҳ䡣
ѩˣҵѩˣʱͽҵǶѩˡ
ѾСѾͷڳѮԵ˵ͷЩδĹø
»ۼǵСʱһأҲˡ
ãøòá
ãҽء
˵ϣ͸ˣ۾ˣΪ˺ŮŻСѾͷҲʶ֣µģûĹ²̫ã鰮֮¡
ãҵҿҲϲŮѧЩ
»˵ЩĽͷãóúܸߣѾˣż򵥵ķ٣źɫİӣŲɫ˿ɰ
ǽȥϸһסҵĴ齿ɴأȵһ𽲡
á
ԶźĵÿģΧźҲûȥ
еˡ
ǰ׼ҼС͹ˣСҲи顣
ǱֽܣҲ浽һ߰ɡ
ǡ
л˵
Ԥ  Ҫ޻ʵ   רɼղذ
߹ò绨ǾһһĹŮ꣬޸÷ı֣ɻ꣬
ųȴϣԴ˳˹Ѹ
Т»ʵǻȴĳ˻ʺѡ
̫ʥּ£»ʵĻʺһʱ֮侩۷׷ס
Ӣ䣬ԣһʼ²ϲλʺҲǾмӣ빬ִƷӡѺ󹬹ľνһͺ
ȻزۿžҪ徣ȴˡ
֪ѾĹ裬Ȼ֣Լ벻λʺ
󲡳ֵԼЩԡ
ǰֻнɽ𢣬˵:ɽӣֻԸ밢͡


51 
ʱѾųѮȥ, »ˣ͸ϵܺãùá
ôô
Ͼ͵, Ƚ϶ࡣ
˵˴, ȥ
˵ڸŮ
Լġ
Ǿͺ, ɩɩմֶ, СĻȥˣĻϣ˵Ҫ˳۶ҲøôģҼǵǰɣھȥɡ
⻰һ, , ףֳȥˡ
ԺΪŮ, ԺڵѾϰΪŽȥͿϵСŮǵŽ֣֪˵ʲô, ϶Цݣóǿġ
», ӡ, ֮ǰؾʱһ棬ʱС, Ҹӳú, , һЩŵûǰôˣóҲǸˡ

øá
ضǳȥɡ
ڴùŮſڻģȻܣţԱŻʼ˶ȳȥ
۾ǻ¶Ǻģ̣ĶСģʲôСӺգСѾͷǽζģֶŮ䣬ɨۻ֪øǺˡ
Ҳǣ⻰˵ûôСøأҲûڱ˯ˡ
Ӷ˯˿չ˺ãųȥ
㷢ֶ֣ŮڼңСѾͷôŵˣҲҪˣҲɿ˲٣»նסţСŮĺܺãҲѪԵϵĽãϣ׽һЩĺá
ϺǾ͸˵˳ѮʱҲΪСѾͷһϲ
µʱ򣬶ӱѰ˵ĶҪĶ̥࣬Ҳ࣬ҽŮ֮󣬵óһܻϣǶǰ
ǵĺоȥĶӣóĺп˫̥֮˽ȥ̫ҽȥ͵̫ҽˡ
ҲˣΪúã⺢ӱѰĺӴһЩѹû뵽Ȼ˫̥
˫̥ɱȵ̥մˣ
̫ҽڰ֮ȷϢɫصĸ˵һ̥Ȼ˫̥϶ģѾ£˵¾ͻҲпǰ£϶£һпɶ׼ˡ
ǰ»͵ô߲ˣȵܣĸӾ𡣡
ϻûüģͱ̫ҽһˡ
̫ҽó£ģһ׼ˣģϸãĸӾ𡣡
΢߾ȫ
ģҾͽȥһʺܲʱ̫ҽסǼʮλ̫ҽҲһλ
̫ҽų˵˵
ϱ֪ĸġ
ϲ˾ţҪ˵һ㶼ҲǲܵģΪм£û뵽Ҫˡ
ϾҪˣǰ̫ҽ˵ģ绹һ£ٻ£ҪģҲã벻ȣҲģȻˣͲˣöȥһ
ų֣һٰοȥȥոȥҲ׼ҡ
ϵ֪ϢˣŮȵϲǸ̥̫ˡ
ãɵúúţ̫ҽ˵߶߶Ҫʱ̫ˡ
һ
֪ɩġ
ЩʱӮӻмͷˣ⼸ǻĸһЩ뵽֮ļڣżˣ־ֵˡ
֪һ̥˫̥һʱסˡ
ϽĻɰĻˣҲûŶӡ
ǰˣ⸾ͲС£οػ㿴ܸܲ¸٣ڼ񡣡
Ҹĸ׼ȥʱڸͺȥ
ĸ׷ģӻӵġ
˵ˣ˯գһԣһҹδߡ
û£Ҳͷˡ
һ磬һµ֪࣬һҹδ˯ڿο
ҵ㡣
ȥ˻ʺ󣬻ʺǺˬľʹӦˣˣʹ˲ҩģԼҸӲʵ۲ɣʵѯʹӮڴѡ£ҲùǱߵ˺á
ʵۿӣ뵽ʺ˵ģջǸˣҲûʲôӰ졣
Ϣȥ󣬲˶̽һһӦ꣬ûȥųֻ˵Ҫ̥
˵̥ɲôеģ˳ɾǣȥȻԸ⣬ЩС
⺢ӻûأ˭֪ʲôҲǲܿҿϱ࿴һᣬҲ̥ɡ
̫ҽ˵ˣм١
˵ҲûرܣûڣǶҪģںҲֱӳ嵽סĵطȥ
ʮ죬ǰˡ
ﲻеܵܣãҪˡ
ǰ
Ұϲͷҳó˶͸
á
䣬һҪһԲӸҲźȥԼԾˡ
ѩ׷ɣů紺
ҪģԽʺһһ˶ûȥҲ㡣
ϣŹŮ԰̻Сһ˷ܵһֱЦ
Ҫڷš
ɫ̻СһģҲûܾҹܼ׼Ҳ١
ӮڲԶţ϶Цݡ
꣬Ͷˣʱ֡
ǰ
Ӯ̧ͷ˿죬ڿӺŮ˹ȥ
ϣԣ䣬游ɺá
СŮϲӮֱ˰ѺԺԺӸƽˣԺССʮԺӣǼֲ࣬ǿŵģרΧһСһƥ˳Сĸû¶ԴŮġ
á
ãʱˣ㸸ȥĸȥòá
ǰȥС˵
š
澡ˣСѾͷǺܺ˵ġ
ŸĸŮӺܺãһžۣϣ챣ӣ˳κ¶ˣ̫ƽ


52 
һԪ, ԪƻᣬûȥӮȥˡ
, 㿴ʱö鰡, һϣֳһ, Ǿ, ʱеæˡ
ţԺȥ䣬Ŵ멣ס˷纮Ϳ, Ƕදĺá
һ, һ
Ҷȡˡ
òˡ
ùãøá
»ڸĸĽ£й, ϣҲʼʰˡ
װá
ѧģСŮ޶һЦ󿪿ڵ
˶, Сղ÷⣬ȥһЩ
ߵĲ, ֱӽȥˡ
ǰ, ̽˲ٵĺóԵ, , һ԰, ͨ͸覣СӸǾºÿֶŮ͹Ůһһ
˵ܵãԺҲǽˡ
ǰҪùôúӣҶŵܵܵġ
á
һԣֶŮ͹ŮŮĲӲи飬Ҳһ˵˵պӲˣϣǻѪԵϵˣ
ºůһЩһ磬Ȼˡ
һʱ䣬˶һж׼ˣϺӮҲڲſڵţûʱõϢĳ϶ˡ
ϣŸȥ԰棬ȵܵóˣĸ˽
ӲС£ϵŵӣǻСأҲûã̫ҽҲڣҲûµġ
ùŮͶھǣʱҲȰ˵ǣҲǵĳˣԼ뿪ȥҲ١
һҲûʲô
СԸ뿪һŵϱӸš
ȥãòãеĸ游ĸҲء
á
ϣıžĸĲӣԼȥ
»ۺͳѮǽԼ뿪
ӺڵĽϲԾ߬ﲻͣŰӷ
絫ҹĸʱ˳ĵ̥
ӵĿһ̣ǰ˲òѪֱӳ˽ȥ
ϲӣĸƽ
̫ҽһϯŵŷ¡
Ѿ˯̽̽ıϢų׷ġ
ϺϽڿ֮󣬵֪Ҳû£ǳ׵˿
̫׼ҡ
ǰ
ŮŮ˫ȫ뵽ź
ޱʣڼңȫģյľ̽Ϊ裬·ݴˣûд
ܵܺ˯
磬СŮ˹
СʱҲ
ڳˣǳ˾Ͳһֱ˯ˡ
ǰ
Ϻæ׼磬ñϲ£仹̥ǿ϶Ҫġ
ӣһԳУһԽ
죬ůϴأоˬȲľͳˡ
ɩɩôˡ
ճԺӾͿϡ
ҰزȥˣˣҪˡ
òˡ
ǰҲˣվӵˣⶼ׼ôˣûҪҰæġ
׼ˣɩӸһȥӰɡ
ӾͰڷ޶סĵط᷿᷿ӣϣסһ䣬ʣµһøס
ðҲмûˡ
ӳúܺãģŽˡ
á
ϿӣǷĵΪˡ
һ磬ˣ˿ɲ٣Ҳûüĳ׼ˣֱӴӾõľ¥ﶨʮϯõľҲϺõŮ졣
ˣ˵˺üϷӡ
ԼҰð̣ܸɵģпľλĽ
ǰ⺢Ӳڶ࣬ǵܸɣҼǸȵӵġ
Ҫ˵õĻǼ޵Լң㿴ڿԺòġ
ҲûǸ
ϲڶЦ̸ϺͳæӦֱ꣬һˣų׵İ
վҪȥֵˣڼ׹ԹԵģҪ֡
á
Ů˯źȥһԵӿ˿СģŻط
ѾԡˣϿ˿߹ȥ
ֵָǰ࣬۶˯
һĴˣӺãսͻȻˡ
鷿ϣգǻʵҲȵһӵĺ
ɣСǣ£Ϊ÷򡣡
гվǰȻ˺׹ɱϢ߲ѡ
Ǹøһѵ
ʵף˵
߾ʮ˧ûи潻սľ飬ּյĽ򾫱ű߾ʮȥԭ
Դ˳Ҳ⣬Ŷ潻սľ顣
ǰʵ۽鷿ϻóһԭĵͼ
ţ·ϾϤ˺ò׻Ƴġ
˵ͷǲģȻ֪˺׹ôˣǾ°빦ˣ϶һ£߾Ҳս¡
ʵ۱Ϊü꣬ɣһҲ಻סɱ˺׹һ̣ǾǶԭսˡ
ʵǲˡ
ƽš
سǲУȥһƽƽɲѰģͨҪһﻹһƣƽ֡
Ժķ˵ⶼǿģԥľҪˣԼָڷǰ˼Ѫ棬˵顣
Ϊһţģһƽġ
˲ԭĵͼⳡ̶˵аյġ
͵ƽĿڣ˱СģŮ뿪Ѿĸ˵ˡ
һҪעӡ
ĸ׷ġ
һ磬⣬ֱһӲ׼ȥ
Ұ¶֪һսʵҪһոԭ޴󻼣Ϊ׼˺ܾãڿͼһ̣ˡ
οרŴӾ򾫱
ɩӣĴͰ²µġ
ƺȻɿĸ֣ų߹УˣҲ΢Щ
϶£һƽģҲúӡ
Ƶ֣
һġ


53 
ߵ, תۼֵ˶գԳ˵õԼҴؾ, »ȥ˻¡
ҹ, ˼Լҷ, Ϊ, ܴȫʤ޶Ҳˡ
ϣһʼҪСŮӳڴδֿ˺ֺ壬ܣϵܵһյĴ, Ҳת˲ע
ʱʱĻҪ
, 㿴Ѿͷ㳤öǱ, һģһ
󣬳ӣӹ˰û±ź, һӣ˿̿ųһ˫Ů, ЩĽ
ҲӰͨ
, һҲá
⡣
ͨ˵꣬Լҧһ, ִϣȡһ顣
Ӷð
һ, üЦġ
ǰ, ǿɵ˵ˣϣպ޸˰ͨɵü޵ǼҰģұض׹Ů
㲻Ӵ󼸸¡
ʲôģҲ⡣
ڣѱ㾭ǰ궼ˣ˵ˣοϥ»ӣҲûö¼š
ֻϰ˳һʮȥԼҷܴȫʤչ
ǻʺµӣ벻ȥ
ЩʱϺȻӹȥͻģϱȥһ˾ˡ
ĸȥɣЩȣϱġ
Ǻãúչ˽
ŮңһЩɲҴˡ
ϥϸĲУǶĸߣǸĸһЩҲ⣬඼Լȥġ
ϱźӾǣϱǷֹȷ
缸ھǣѼ鴦ľӦǴ޳ϱûʲôĵġ
Ѿ˱߾˲ӡ
˵Դ򾫱˱߾ûãĶС˺ܶ࣬ȻɣҲûţ˸죬׼սϲӡ
Ϊ˸õһ²ԭǣǳʵȥţ׼ýʿȥԭǵʱѾ＾ˣ＾ԭɳʱѩϣУҲǴ̵ĺʱ
õʱ˳Ҳѵһ²ӣһ²ԭǣӴ˱߾Ҳս¡
ӢҵȲ
СҲһһʼΪεߺ󣬱㲻ֻǷģˣҲҿû
սҪָһҪãĪö˿ӣǵݣҪҲý
λָˣֻҪ˲£ҶսսҲûʲôӣǺܽ
Ҳǵˣһ²ԭǸ׳Ƴ
ůˣһůӣϴս𣬶治лʵ۵̽ӣģѡɣ׼ֵǰս¡
սʿƺ㣬һپ˲ԭǳأνǳʦݡ
ɣҪʵ˺Ϊҩʱ緢ˣ˶ӣ±ͲС£ɣӢһ˼֮ɣȳ֡
ֻҪӦս£ԭʵΪԼĽɽǳҲҩǵʱ䣬Ҳõƽҩ
ɣԼҴĻѾгûôܵĽҩˣα겻αҲûкá
ɺصǣͻϮҲûϵⶪĳǳأǳû
ĸ󽫶ô˵ˣɣ˿ȷʵЩֵǳغû˶ǰҲû
֪ʲôҪĻǲܶʿ϶ðⶪ˵ĳǳظ
һܣ˵ôס
䲻⹥䲻ǵִƣոģӿףһֱȲǰ
ɣǻˣԭ֮һĳǳˣɣӢҲܻȥɱЩʧܸա
ǲףûȥĵͼǼٵģΪ׼
ս𣬾ͳע飬һֱǰδʧһǳأոǼǻʹڵĻʵ۸ǿģʹͿ
ӮҲ˵֮ǰԼǮ٣ⱲʳǣȢֲǲҪǮ
һʵ۸ʹͣʱԻʵ۵ڳʩ࣬һá
֪Լҷսʤκ˶ˡ
սĵһ꿪ĶգԭǱʮΧðǿս½ϣ
ʵҲʮ꣬ǻʮһո˲ԭʵǸȵ뵽ʷӼ
ǶˣСĶˣ˵ܵģںòˡ
һԣŵµЦеġ
ϣˣѧأŮѧ黭Ҳдˡ
һġ
ŵһĶŮ˭ţ⼸żҲм飬ó˳ԼҷԼ֪Ǳϲǵġ
Ѿͷ˵ôˣ
ϺȻʵ
Դӻؾ󣬳»۾żܵãҲŮۣ˵Ѿʼ࿴ˣЩģŮӼɲС£׼ѾͷҲ׼ױء
ɩɩϵҵֶǺҲڷܺѧͶȶס
ֶŮ겻ʮģСء
ܼҶȷʵҽҲãɩӰŮ޵ңҲίġ
ĳһʼڹ£ֱΪΪ˹ʵԵʣʵҲΣѾƷλãν˴Աˣнռ䣬»۵ĹùûøǴ󽫾δĿӣ˵Ҳϵġ
ϿɲŮ빬ʱһ䣬һӶˣѾ˼ˣԼҵĺӶСǼҲһ۽㣬ĸŮףֶõѡ
ŮҲзգ˳ǡ
ǰ߾ȻϢɣ걻ܣɣӢʿ£ˣս½ˣǴȫʤ
ʵ۵ôϢֱ£ˣҪ˰ĸ˰һʱնϲġ
ŮСģ֪ôء
ǰϺͳˣһһŮۿɼĿġ
Ҫˣ˵ɺˡ
ĸĲӣŴŴ˵
ǰǶãҪˡ
ԼѾⲻˣͷˣԼҸҲ̰ģʵʹͶǽ鱦Ŷ棬ĿⷿѾķŲ¡
Ӯ˺ԺԺӣⷿ
ȥˣͷҲ˰׷һʼ϶εϣɺҲˣϾ˭ûһأӮѾ˰ͷΪӵԵʣӶǰ׵ˡ
ˣҪˣҲûʲôźˡ
л˵
ӦþˣԤĺܶ࣬ҿԵרˣϲľ͵ղ


54 
ձ, ǲԱǻʵ۵ˣ²ԭǵһ, ԭʣµļǳ춼ǲս, ⳡս³׽ˡ
Ȳؾ, ӶŮ, սһ͸ʵӡ
ʵæǰæĹԱڼӰ࣬ڿӺѾǴںˡ
꣬û˲ϲ, , սˡ
ӵ˫ȫŻȻ, һĵżˣܾûôõĸûôõĶӡ
ڿӺ󣬲Ծĸ̾
ʵһ, һЦŵ˵ͷ
Ҳⶼ, , ׼ڸļڣúϢһʱա
ʵʾ, ˰˰Ӽ, Ѿ, ȻȲǾͻɡ
ӣǳǵĸ
ʵЦЦδ˵սµĽˣԭĸ󻼣ضĺƽ֣Ҳʷ
յʵ۷Ѿһº飬̹龩½
⼸꣬սεգü㶼мƣδ˵Ҳǲ˵ġ
󣬾ƾºɽĺҶɷǺÿĸԽú󣬳żӳˡ
Ů˰ɡ
ˡ
Ҳ⼸ˣ֪ҪǰϣյźͼĲУѾüûˡ
پ£Сʱ׶һ㣬˸Ŀǰࡣ
㣬ǸǱ
ϣŵܵùؾصںһ
㣬ʲôʱ
ŵܵܣϣЦſڵˣ˵ˣôǰǿ϶ܻġ
ӱظϻʱ϶ˣ֮ǰԭأֱӴ˲ԭǣʱҪȴǰ¡
ˣ游㿴
СĶûκӡǻٵʱˣ˿ˣҲܼסһЩ飬⼸ڡ
á
ú񣬴ڸһʱ򣬵뿪˼ңҪˡ
ͺá
һֱڳĵҲǺĲС
Ժϣǣŵܵܺãڳ󣬼ģЦͷ
ĸѾߺںԺţߵһһ˳»ۡ
ĸãùðá
ôˡ
ϼǵڹ£ҪˣǹҲҪˡ
ߡ
ֶŮЦ˻ȻȥˣǲŹ
ѾͷֻҪľͺãҶˡ
Ҳɵ֪ŮǸЩεǳ磬ǻܿͬãҲǼõġ
ߵɽ룬ɽ΢ĿһԵӣﲻԾ룬ھͺˣһžۡ
磬žǳţԾһڡ
ٵĳȥױһ·ϼҹ̣ۣġ
ڣϣڻ԰ŵܵץĺǿһᣬЩˣȥϢˡ
ڣׯҲ٣һȥȥѲӳǼׯӣӮ̫һҲˡ
źϹܼҿûסһӾͿˡ
ū밲򰲡
ضĸأء
ȥϢˣһȥѲˣСүͶСڻ԰ڡ
Ե˵ͷ󲽵ĳŻ԰ȥδ߽˺ǵЦ
ΧĸѾ߼ˣ¡
ϣͷһеӣŵ˹ȥ

ϣǵõء
⼸꣬Ҳûм飬⣬ԺǶٻ˽һģߵʱ򣬴ŮҲ꣬Ϊ᲻ǵԼʲôˡ
ˡ
ŮʪۿҪ޳ӻóİᣬĸԴ
ҳأ֣Ứ廨ػ㲻Ҫˡ
ϣˣ˴ˣʲôᣬص϶ˡ
˵ģƭңڣһ״ܵܺأҲе
ϣˣɿ֣һ£θߴ£źǵʱĿǸᡣ
á
ӳǰ˵Ҳ֪Լ˵Լİ˲ࡣ
ϣСģƺܾнûסֱЦ˳
á
źûܲСʱϣʱһģңңймңɽҪģûймҡ
ǡ
СŮ绨üӼֱһģһǸȽӣ֣С㿴ҿ㣬ջ˹ȥ
ܴһֱһû⡣
׳ȥæˡ
˵Լͷǽ͵ģϲɫ
֪۲ۣǻȥϢ
á
Ǻӣޣûþ˯ˣϣҪȥ֣һڣЩɫģϴϴרĸԼ飬йεġ
ЦʰԼˣԺ˶û䣬ǴǰЩϴĸ׻˯ǶûȽʵ밲
һͲýˣһ߾Ǻü꣬ȫĵ鼸ӡ
鷿ڣʵڼ鼸ӵĹΣǶԴʵۻЩܾԼĶﶼãԼʱˣüСȥ鷿
ڼʵ˿ϵϲ֮Թͳ˴ˡ
ؿɣһ·ҲˣϢһʱ밲Ҳ٣ջ
ɱº񰮣΢Ҿӹ
ʲôҵģΪܸɣλΪģ㸸Ӷˣ޵ĸû㸸ôõĸôõĶӡ
Ǽӣа
ԼĶӣʵ뼴ҪλҲԸģҪһһð
´ﶦʢЩ
Ҳǡ
ʵۼ俴Լӽ̫ҽʰ󹬼ǧǰû˼սƽĺʵ룬Զȥȥ󹬡
ЩˣȻˣǾһԵ㣬һ޺ϲգҲš
ĸ̫ȥ
б𣬵ʵã룬ȡһ¼ڣһ꣬˵ӵʱ򣬻ʵһ̾׼ˡ
ϥӣ϶Ů˫ȫˣԺɾһŹȥˣպμᣬĸּ͸㡣
΢лº⣬΢ŮУ󻹶ҪȢģŮױɵò٣΢ͶʹһЩӰɡ
ҲУҲС
ʵ˵Ц
ǰȥʱʹͣһﶼƱ
֪ӻϲ˵ֽˣҲ⣬ó׼׼뵽ʲô˸Ͻȥһ˳¼ҡ
׼ûҪڵʱһԸԲ
⼸꣬Ҳ٣ǰſӣǸϱĵġ


55 
ΪһЩ鵢һ, ıȽҵʱ˵ĸɩˣЩȡ
ⲻ겻ڵ, ɽŹܼ˵, һӾͼˡ
˼һԸԲ, Ǳ߶׼˷˿ϴһ¡
á
йдɩĸ, ȲĻԼԺӣ߽ȥͿ£һϮɫۣ湫ӣڼǰ, Զô, һ˫С棬״ֱӺ۾
̧ͷǿӣӷ, ȥ
⼸ˡ
Ǽ״£ӱڻһ̳Ȼ, ı
˼ˣڻ, ٸҹλ, 
ף, 
뵽ӻ, æֿ, Ů󿪿ڵǸأڻˡ
ãҸ档
˵һͷ֮ǰ˵ڼϣղŵҲˣҲˡ
ˣĸˣʰһǹȥر¸һļڣеʱء
Ǿ̫ˡ
ϣȥ˷ҴȥˣһţЩСЦı࿪ˡ
һҪԵ㣬߸ߡ
ж㳤ú񣬷СʱҲģɡ
ɡ
ߵǸѾ𣿡
ţھء
һʱ뿪˹ȥԼˣЩ˲ǮǲףҲܹúҾھǣδ뿪
ǰղ֪һЩˡ
֪ԼҪҲġ
ʰãӣŷȥӮϿˣһЦ⣬
ĸףĸ밲
ض񣬿£ͺá
ҲڣԿųü۴Цø÷Ҳžˣõġ
ϣǶȵЩˣպСģݺ
һΪء
ϯǲ񻹻ᱻأ˸ôôܺȡ
ǵôǰľһ㰡
Ҹ֮ǰ⽻Ӧ꣬Ǻˡ
ѵ±㳯ԡȥЦЦ
δԷòء
һ뵽պϼž۵ĺӣ;һԽԽõġ
һº󣬽һӦ꣬Ҳ鹻ĸףӺͶŮȥׯ׼Сסһʱ䣬ԴϺӮҲû˵ʲôòһžۣҲӦõģֲǲˡ
Сĺϲһõܳһ˺ã˵
ɱҹ߻ˡ
ģġ
ڼҶһֱһ
ɪ綼˯ˣ޶˱ȥǰѧɺΪԭ򶼵ˣò˺ûᣬǲڷŹ
ӵڻĵĽʱʱ͵㣬Ƶգ뵽ӶŮĸڣġ
ؾ󣬼ڽȥ˳Ӫ£ÿ춼ǿĺƽҲĴˣתۼ͵ϣļ֮
׹ݣͳһɲǣϣԼȦģһ𳤴ĺûġ
ϲ˭ǻǵģŶ󰡣ڹҲ١
˲֮꣬Ҳ˺ӣڶǰܸɵĸףŮǰǿɿĴȸ
Ҳǡ
ǵ黹Լѡɡ
ϺӮͣڳȥˣڵ԰Ϻͳסڸڣû»߶Ҳʱȥ̽ǣӹڡ
ϣԽãŵһپ£ͤͤĴˣȢ̤żҲģϾŮǺġ
ӣ
Ȼֱ֣˹ȥ
һֱӰڻĶͷ
ԺڣԺĻˣŲԶĶŮһһ԰׷ԲԵӣһԲء
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ɽҰĺõ壬˻ļڱˣһвֻΪ˵һ仰ԺҪסõ԰ͺˡ
£һɫ۵꿴һԵķȹŮԸԸ޸ңҲ游ǰá
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