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С֮ŮҶ泶Լݺ⡣ϧܿ췢ԼǴԽǴ飬ĽɫǶŮСࡣ
ΪŮС࣬ԭճŮݺŮΪŮŮ䶷ڻңҪ˴ʬһá
Ϊ˻߾顣ԵŮָ֮ͥĽʱ鼱֮±סŮĴȡ
ľܣҡÿ
Ϊ˰Ѿ飬òװ飬Ůĸ˶Ц붪ۣ
Ȱȣȴ¿ȢϢ
ˣôܣ
ˣ绪ԣֶκʢһ˾֮˽֪õģʥ費˥Ϊ֮ˡǰΪһ龫ǡ
ֻȻζ
˭֪ĳִʱһλСסĴȣڿ˵


ݱǩԽʱ  ˬ
ؼ֣ǣҶ泣ǣ
һ仰飺ȾҪֵģ
⣺ûûǷ?


1 
ʼҺ죬ůﶼŻ㡣
ʢǲ˵ӽ´𣬱ǹϳǸҡ
Թ֮Ѱ󼰣ͨ˶ΣһԼϳΪ١ϳǸ˾۾ӣвһЩС֮ңҶҾ֮һ
ҶҼҶְƷϣιӼة
λųҶˣʱüͷ鲻ǰְٷδüŮǰǻһӡ
ǰһززƣȴ͡
үŲķϡ
ҶаۣҰ׽ȢҵŮýǼã
ɷȴþò鷿ʶӭ
үǵ
˵˵ĳŮҶ泡
ǰҶȥͣʱֱ̧˵ִˮҹ˸ȡòȣŻ
Ůӹѵã𣬿޸ǰˮǱߵ˵ԼСġ˭֪澹˲ʳ
ɫ΢ף˵뺦˭
˵뺦λ
үǶ£ôܺˣοǹλ
֪֪Σ˲š
Ȼվţ

ɴڣɫµŮϲȵ֦Ľӵ䣬ٲƵī֮£һż޵
ҶҵĳŮҶ泡
Ҷָ෢۵̫Ѩ΢еӯŴ̵Ľëˢѡ
ϸԾÿüɫĵڲסΣŮ˯֣ǡҹĽ˲ߢ˽صͷ
ľеѾͷŽˡ
˵ţæй̡
ҶϷһǰһݡ
տɺЩˣڴأŮŮ֮һʱ˵һѺŵòᡣڽպɫŵĲ԰һЩ
ĸŮܸ֮ĸˡҶɱ֣ûпŮĴΪϣй¶ĵǡ
ڳŮ޶Ϊء
Ҷ泳ãĸ֮ʤĸࡣѾɽ¶ˮĳŮ˼
ҶӣŮ뷿о뿪
ϰŮӲˬûʲôθڣһ˺ÿ˻ĺ춹ࡣ춹ڷɢɢ紺ĺ
Ҷ泶࣬ССڵغšͻſ̽һԲԲԴͯ۾µµضĺ춹ࡣ
㣬Щ𣿡Լͯ˵Ŵ˵ĿǣȻղһֱ⡣
öˣлҶĹӹġҶһػص
ͯҶҶϵӡ
ϳޣŲ¼Уһ˫̥
˫̥ϲǾϲһãŮʱաһǰʹҹһ˫ŮŮҶ泽ŮҶ̥ﲻ㣬ӳǸҩӡ
ͷ̥ٴο´ҶҶ
Ҷſ򣬶ż⡱˹ſҶ泵Ĵ۰Ͱ͵ؿš
㣬ҩòúȣ
ѺȡҶƳСһ˼װʹӡôѺȵҩСҪҪȣ
ҶͦСظصͷ
̿Ц
һЦüĳɢࡣ
Լĺӣв֪ĵС⣬ҵС˼Ҳеģк֮ġ
洫Ǻã
˼ˣ
ʫᣬﻹȥ𣿡
Ҷԣ
Ҫȥġ
ռԭ壬ӦΪԭЩʲô
⼸ʱʱ˯ѽԭļϡΪһԽߣڵݡĸûӡС֮ң˿ڼ򵥣СС֮ңʤܰа
ȥһҲ޷ҪῪڣڵġ
Ҷҡͷ´ӵӣŮܲ
˵´ӣ¹ĴǵճԺյĳעھйŮȦĵλ
˵ҲӣҶϣҲҲ
ĸϾǹĵҷˣҳ˾ճĹ̡ϵý㣬ȴر
ҶϹžһ㱡Ĺϵ
˵ĳƵССԭ֮ΪѡȻʻҶ䣬ԽǸ߹ĻԽϲҶӵݵλߣܶ鲻м߻ٲԭشԣָĴĵֺ֮ˡ
Ϊݰͽҫԭʮǰİʾݺߣû͵ʴףԼˮˮ֮󣬹˴򡣵֪ް󣬲ԭڻ֮нͻء
Ҷϲ飬ȥҪ˵ֻýڿˮʡ
Ҷ泲뻵Ҳһļˡ

֮ء
¹ǿԪѫλ硣֮Ļ̾ᣬ̨֮ʨءĻָ¼սķ׳Чλٽ˫ʨǴŵһɳ¹򸾡ʶĻǧ˫ʨһ޹Ĵ֮
ʫᣬؾŮȦйߵʫᡣ
ᣬһһȴ׼Ůһһйغĸĸ壬ԽԼݵ˱˵·
ҶλᣬҶҵȻ档еĹҶŵͷŮ档
Ŀǿüĵ͵󣬼ɽˮСŻȣĿϾӡÿÿת۴²ݽ¶ÿһͬ
ҵ̱鼰һһľȻ
˵λǱλҶҴӸˮġ
Լ¼˾ıҲʹƢãҵ
˵Щ仧װͿ硣ָԼɹıһŸء
Щ˵˵˽ʵǹ˵Ҷġ
Ҷݵͣǲ޹˼ɡ
Ȩᣬ˷ŵȡЩɣȺ޽٣صѰռλ
棬
Цţ̤ͬͻǵЦ˷һöӽյӡ׿ԵĲ˵һȺ̺ŮʵĿλЦҶ仧ĹӣЦΪ
Ҷϵ飬Ҳǹıס̫ʷҶٴ󼸼һƷѫĹҲݡ
ҲҲ׺οЦס

ʢģŮһӦ̹ضŮӲ̡ĸϾƾռͷ˹Ϸ˵ۣƸΪϱ
ʫ԰԰һޡ紵䣬ɾùǾ̾С
ֻ;һҲû
Ҷţµ˹ȥ
л˵
ˣ߹·ļǼǵõղŶ~


2 
öׯһױһ죬һ޶Ц̣ȫΨüһ˿ĳ
˶λĵŮͣǵһŮǻǽףضʼҡ
ǲˣҶ˵ţȺ
üͷ΢ɼһ£Цһ㲻ˣҿӿɺЩˣ
ʫᣬôܲϻǾ˵ˣ¶˭һ˭ʫ¡ϧֱűСĵҺ¶һѣҿɾͳˮˡܣһ¶أǽյ𣿡
ϻմˮȾ˷纮һˣкΡ£ҺôǷˡ
ʮĹ˵ˮ©
ԭΪˣÿÿǼ̾ϢԲߵĻ˵ԸǰΪߡԭһ棬ˮҲ档˭Ϻ˲ɷѣװ׶Լ
ԽǸЩԽǲþ˵顣
Ҷ쵹ǴӦɫź´ļ񡣡
ã·Ǵ͸ҵġ
΢㶣Щơ
Ķûһǲõġ´ľ£ҲϵȵӡҶλñ欣ϻ·ֽ˼֡
ҲƳҶ泵ĲͬЦ⵭Щϻˮ·ʪˡ
ԭˡ
¶ʲô͵ģﻹԼЩϲݣƤǳռˣʲôõĶԼϻ
Ҿ˵·Ҷ֣ȴԭǴѡԶԶţһߵĸѾͷ
ãһԼҪ·ѾͷҲǳе¡⻰Ҷ泵úõĹټСūᲢۣ˭̲ˡ
ԭشԣ׹ࡣ
Ҷ泲һͱ裬
Ľֱ˵ڹˮҲһ·
úõĹڱ˼ˮ˭ᴦ롣պˣ֪Ļߵġ
¹λδȢ޵ĳ깫ӣһλĵ֮͢Ľ֮͢Ϊ˭Ҳ֪±Ҷ泺ɳӰ˵˼ͷҡ
㵱˶㣬߻ڱ˸ˮ˭֪治СĻǼٲСģָʲô˵˼۵¶Ϊ˾˲
ˮҶԣǱƵġ
һˡ
ѭȥһŮ棬Ȼڲסıѩ֮ˡ
λŮߡ
ߵĸ»¹׵ĵܵܣ˰ͳѲȥһֱδȢһճӣλұߵĸ
Ҷ泺ͷѣԽ߽ͷ۵ԽǧХƵ䲻ͣ
վǰʱе˲ֹͣ
徲ֻаõŮʲôƿնԺеĶݼž
Ȼ֪һ£ԭֹǴԽǴ顣
Χ¹չŮߡ
֮ãһʼΪ֮ͬһʱ
ҿصŮԵճΪ
ĸϾ˲ţӲߵĳʱһʱ񲻽ǵճ¼λ֮ס
֮һѳɶ֣˵Ůʱ֮УǱ˲֪顣˭żĸ˵©죬¼ϡ
飬Ҳ⡣֮࣬עԷעˣЩ뱾ġ
޵ĸи׺ĸ˫۰ĵŮҪܳ衣ߣʱһ˼ɶʡ۳࣬Ȳ飬ԼȻȲһãɶʸ˼ܴ֡ǣԼ÷ϲľȻԼԼãļɶѹסˡ
УǶŮ䡣
Ҷ泣ǶŮߵСࡣ
ΪŮС࣬ԭճŮݺŮŮǰڰӣڷ𣬷֮ĲŹкԼˣһԭ
ԭ΢ҲʱˣӣһģǱûдڵıҪ
ŮŮ˫شѹ£ܿһٲĽ˶ϣҪ˴ʬһá
Ҷ泻ع񣬴һս
ʱ˿ʼͷӶָָ㡣ĴԣԭԸΪ󲿷˶Ƶߡ
ãɿ˭Ƶ㣿ʵһɡ
Ҷ泲֪ԼǴ飬ôҲ޷ĴҹһŮ䡣ŮӦġģݵģǡǡ෴
Ŀ⿴ûжܡ
ʵˡ
ȷʵԭƵġ
װŬӣҵʱֻһδע⵽ҲС¶ǶԲס¶ǲϴϷһˮҲĸԸ
Ϊϣˡϵʹ죬ҲܸɴࡣһЩ㵡
üҶ泡
Ҷ泰Ůò˼֮Ů˶οˡѹҲԼɶλá
ԭĴ㣬û뵽Ҷ̬ȷŵ֮ͣŪھΣԼǲ˶Է
ֻǡ
һΡ
λҶұõϳԹ̫ܽ͵ġ
뵽ĳ
⻹⣬ҷֵ塣˵䣬ٿҶ泡תͷһ˿ɬεݣ߶˱֮ˣֻۡԶĲ˵˵ϻҶһ£ȥ˻ǴΪ
ɫһӣ
ԭᣬƽӣҲ
ԭľ˭˭ߣҶ泿ɲߣΪһ·
ѡ
ΪλͶ
ߵĻƽؾףһ󾪺
˭֪Ӻ÷һֱסλҶҴӺôĵӣȻеŮ
¶￴ˣҲδκζʵʵѾ֮ˣ˲ӡҶ鼱֮£һеˡ
Ȼţʣԭˣ֪ļҹӣ
Ǵݹ
ҶԷеͱˣд󼱡Ϊ֮ƣ߾飬ֱӵİ취ŮŮ䳹⡣Խû죬һʱȥﳶһ˶Ϻš
ͻȻгһĨصīɫеɫ֮ϡ·˲ĹǰеͷɫʱȻʧɫ
һļžѹֵ
Ҷδϸ˼һ֦һ˹ȥ
ľܣҡÿ


3 
һɡȹǷŮһ绨Ϸĺһ㡣λȴ͡
Ҷѹû˼עԼ̬Уֻо顣һĳԼִУԾɺѺɢϢѹȸС
ǿ߲е
δˣѾ¶ӣһǰȥקסԷĿš
һƬ
һ·
ЦýӲСŮСŮ㡣
֮Уȸߣ·ͱı񣬿Ŀˡ
ʶɿ֣Ϣ֮ԼŵѪŷֶԷī̵Ĺ°Щɫӡ
Ѫ
֮ǰȻˡ
ĵ£ڵ֮һֻǽڷĴ֡޳ƺ˽
ɱ磬Ҷûͫһ
ÿ˵䣬ûһ˿¶ȡ
õġɵصͷ˵һߣСϱ·ղǸ󵨱ŵŮӲһж˵Ĵ
ĿԽŮɨΧȺˡȺ˶ǸѾͷӣȫѡĵ֮ˡ
Īýţ硣
¼ӵܣж
£е¼˲һΪ¼ӣȴǿ֮ΪǰͳŸӣһͱϤĽ̵
¿ʤλӡ
ĸ߹ݣϲԾ˵ĿգӦŮΪˣʵˡ
ʢ˾ɷ֮ơβǴƣѪʬɹڣ˵ľѶʱĺֶΡ
ĵƤģԷͷģв˵Ŀ߹ĥġҵĵϣɭɭĺǡ
ԾɣҲû˸졣
ҶȴԽԽ⡣
ôһõĵƣȲõԼ˱ˣ˷ԼţֲõԼϷġ
֮ʱˡ
û˿ֺͶǡһضʱһ˴ӡӵٵһ룬ȻǸ׹ݵӡ
Ů÷׷׺ˣ
ͬһֻһӣ˾̧ˡ
磬⡭ô£ŵòᣬʡ
׽ӷ
֣ŮϵѪɫ˼֡úõʫȻɱ˷һڹ֮УֱǺš
ŵòᣬȴ򶨡ҵεҪȻ˿˼Թüװһ°飬֪˵һ֡
һߣͣ͵ٴοʼ
£ʱŲ
ҶŬԼĴڸУ˵Ⱥ֮
¹ϾҴҸȻѾõϢФĸĸվһ˫á
·ŮƲȻһοд
֮£ǹôܾˡӷƻȻðӻ֮Сʫ֮δü֣û˼޹ʵҡ¿ϲ˶ԣĪҪȥûļƻ
һֵҪʩѹҲҪ⴫
Ůǵͷǡ
㲻ʵ£ȥҲǺɱӷͬضܹǲ̫
·΢΢ףıԻ
ůʫʱ⡣̼ǵĸʱҲһڴȥ̤ͻ
һЩͬĹһһӸĸĵȤ¡
·ЦˣĿ΢΢ת
Ҷ֪ڿԼɵͷ
λ·˶λ֮ߣӷŵºпɼһߡ
Ȼ˵ʫȤ£Ȼ췢¡ἰҶ泵ʱ·˾ȵһ
ΪĵĸҶ泲·֮ǰû·ȴװɵÿ
ˣˣСŮˡ
Ϸѣ˭ᡣ
Ҷһ߷ģ
ŮӺϡз˾ӣղ⡣·˸п
ˣ֪ǳ롭ֻһʱԽҡԺûˡҶ泻ܽ˶˺Щ˵Ҳһ¡
ɣ˻ɡϾ˭£¶ûˡ
·ֵ˲꣬Ī̫𡣡
⻰Ȱˣֺʲôû˵
Ů죬΢

ʱȶ
Ҷ·˲ɫֶΣԽᶨԶ¼˵ľġɵǣ˺󣬾Ȼͬ·
˸һЩ룬мμζ
ûôߵѾͷɣ
СҶ߾飬ͲŮļɺޣܵŮ룬Ǳ߿ȥ
ɣԼҹǰʲô㺦ҼҹôΣ㻹ûꣿ
ĪֺɣһҶ泣ʵԭǰۡ
¶ǰҺܱǸ
㺦ҼҹˮȾϷ纮һ䱧ǸͿ𣿡
߲˵ȻͬԼѾͷ
Ҷ޷⣬ռԭģԭеһо
¶֪ضǺˣʱҲԼϲһˣ׽һʱǻһЩöԷ¡
˼ϲҼҹǲвɣɴۣŭҶ泡
λС˵ǣȷʵв

Ͷ뾪Ҷ泡
Ҷ泴ģȥرɥ˵ҲвΪ念쳣Լ֪Լ£ҵĲġ
Ĳڿˡ
ԣĲҶһȥӡ¶ҿ֪ܲжϲ㡣ϲĴϲıѩжϲ㣬ұֳľж㣬˵ǲв
в
ڳˣǹ⺦ҼҹġɣĹĵصƭˡĲ϶ƭˡ
С㣬ˡ
Ҷ泼һ壬䣬֪˵ȥû˻ţңҲš¶͵ˣҲû˻⡣
Щ̣˵Ķģ
¶С㣬ϲ㣬Ҳϲ磬Һʶҽ£һΪḡ֮ˣϲҵġŬôãôŬǶϲҡԺҲᰭǵۣҲᷳˡ㱣ءˡ
Ҷ棬Զ
߾þɣıǼ˹
ȵҶԶͶ˲Żع
˵Ļ𣿡ɣʣҲЩҡúõ˲Լв˵֡
ü֮£ɼ˼ڳˡ
ĹŮ˭ŻסӵĴȱļһ£в
ҶԺݺš


4 
ҶһʱɢˡڳϱĿԺƬηӣҳһš
ĺۡ
֪ûǷ˵ЩˣƲٺЩйϸǲţٲûһǶ¡
ѾͷϲСһţֹҶΨһѾͷСһ𳤴Լҹʲôӣ˭
ĵ¹ϴ²ճιﲻģ˵ʲô󡣽յãֱ¿֪ﱧ¿ʱŵЩιȥڹûǸû
ϲ¿
ݵλ˭ϲ
ǰϲ𣿡
Ҷ泻ۣСǲ˵ҪˣӺ¿˭߹󣿡
ԭȷʵ˵ĻҲǱĿȥģȻôͽ
ϲ˵ˣԽԽĴ

Ҷ⣬СС˶Ρ
ͣȣС˶ֱӷɱȥ
㣡
СӴˡҶһѽҶöͷСҶЦŤ黨һ㡣
һߣЦԼһ˫Ů
Ҷ泲֪óӰŵĵģݵСǰҶ۾һԼɼĿˮ
ϲһ£췢ô£ûעǼʱصĵġ
Ůһۣۿ΢΢죬۰ܵãСг緶
Ĵ㣬Ҳ˭
ҶСܵͷ̾Ϣ
ԭҶǳ׵¼ҡҶ֮ھ㿿ľҺ¼ҵĹϵϵһƣŵƫԶ֮ء·;ңԶգ˻һ˲ϣ˸ɸɾ
֪Լºܿᴫĸ״еõϢԼἰ
ϲյɫҶߡ
һ⣬ԼµŮԼ˵ʲôҪ¡ľʱû˵
㡭㡭㡭˰죬𱸵һҲ˵֪Ůû뵽Ůô룬Ȼλ
ǲһӣϵ
֪ˣҶԲ㣬ԲҷģʲôԷҶš
㡭˵ʲôã
֮ʱĸûΡ
ΣҲҪС
ϼöˣŮʱС΢ֺõĸս㣬˵һ仰޺ŬһͻݵӣӾҵҵӲκء
㵽ôģ
ҡʱʲôҲû룬Ҳʲôȥ롣Ҷȷʵʲôû룬ֻŮŮ䶼ϲӵʵģȱסС˵Ҳ˵ˣҲղһҲá
϶ŮأƽӲӡŮԽԽݲġ˼ȥʹ¾ҪŮóš
ò׵ȵɷְæ顣
Ϣûô죬Ҷ֪˵Ůڴ֮ͥʾ¿ʱԼһĲˮ
˵մĨᡣ
˵ĵӣﲻΪֵ˾֪պôף˭ҶɸȢ
ˣ˵档
Ҷͷңǿ򶨣ʵڲУΨԶޡ
Զ޵ŮĸƼ۸ô죿
ô죿౸Щױǡ
ɷĻɹֹסᡣ
˱Ụ̄ԽԽĻš
н٣֧ȴǲ١
ҶҾƶ޺ʱʡѧʿӾƷ£ٺӡƷٺŸյӡ
ǰ壬Ůڶ࣬һӦйоءŮױǹ׼ʱЩٳѾʣ޼ھ??ְŵĹԱЩǿά档
߰˰˴Ǯ
ǱߵӲܶϣֽīǮҲʡˡ
ҶϼңҶĸŶŮҶǱҩҪӣϼҵҲҪӡҶסѧãֽīǮʳ޷ѡ
ֿʼᣬļҵôŮһݵļױ

Ҷû˯˯š
Ӵĵһ㡣˿˿ӷ϶ҹеʪ
ϳǵҹܰʱʱ𡣳ͣҶҵſڡ
ǹˣԻ͸λμʫĻʵѹҶҵλͣȻ档
ɵҶߵѾͷһΪѾͷѾͷҶ泣תӽĻ
ҼҴ˵ˣҶһϣҶܵóԸǹʲôҪתԸ
Ҷĥ˼֪Է϶δȫԼ⡣ߴѾͷţݺ˼룬ֽīдһš
ѾͷŻصϡĿⲻƵضûڵš
ɽڣֱǳ룡
ôͼĶȻ˵
ĸƫ˵ŮܰͰ
ɫò˽ԭⲻ͵뿴дʲôҿһ潻Уضһۿű𿪿
ķԸű͵ȥ˵Ҷôġ
ţһᡣ
ǸҶﲻ˵ٴͿǺ⣿ɣˣӦЩλҶĻ
ǳҶ˲ͬϾļҹҲպ˱ļϾȲдš
̫ϲһˣܻʹħϡ
ɣҭ
ǰôûλҶôϲ
ҿƭ˵ģΪѹ
˭֪͹ﲻףǺ¿
Ӧò֪ҵĴǹġ߲Ծ뵽˵ĻС󣬳˸׺˭ҲϲΪĹʵʲôҲǡû˵׿ڸϲûУҲûУֻλҶ
㲻ɣ
ϲһˣ˭˵ز
Ѿȥš
ûظֻܵȡ
ҹ
ǻذɡɣԼҹܲס
ҡͷ֮У֮¡
Ҷǰ
ֱʱ̤ҹ顣
ü䣬Ŀбӡ
硣ţ·Ÿ޾ҡҡһš
ͣ£Ԩ
߲⻹һεҶ˵
죬ôʲôĲ˵˵СﱧȱļʲôĸܣҿǺˣһԶνԪҲΨһĺѡʲôţôȥҵּ
ߵͷһػ֮·Ѿеĵо󱳶ʪˡһײ
νԪǾͳ죬˼Ȼ
ļҹдŰɣ
ͷͣһػ
νԪð⣬˵˵λʿĹ˭
һ۹νԪ졣
߻ųŵƣоԼվסˡ
죬ҪҪҪҡνԪǴ۽磬˵Сӱļ顣ôҲǷĺöɣôûĺ¡
㡣仰Զ
νԪٴùţȲز𿪡ԭζЦɴ㵣ȻһĿࡣ
⡭Ҳ̫д˰ɣ


5 
Ͼһҹ㲡
ҹͷĽֻһǾǽŮȥݡΪ˷ҹдţһȥϼҡ
ϴͻȻ洫ŮĻЦ
ԺӵϣλƵһˣĴŮСӹֻ֦Сڵϼ
ԭһٵһժ䡣
ۿúúõһʲô
׼һЩһιǼҵСè
ҶֺС֣ϲ㵸һһóԵһ
ϱۺӣǹڼƣڡ
ˣһһѣǿľͺá

վҶ⣬洫ĻЦϾǳԥ۵ȴһ˿
֮Уȴδܰɣһҹշת
һ÷ʱ￴˼ĸŮ׽¹ŮҵھᡣǸû˵öԻǴֻ˵ȻûаɣӦø֮ί֮ˡ
ԣŻ׳ǰ
ӣصƣ빫Ļֺȫͬ洫ЦԼ˵˼̻
ȻˣͲܰ;ϡ
ɣȥš
ɣЩ̫ԸҹǺεݣŸһС֮ŮǸĵҶҹﲻԣδ֪ţȻûаҲܹԼҹ
ɣ
طġɣѹĹѾой·ڿԼҹôۣǱ۵ðˣǺá
ûƢƤףѩ˪һ㡣һԽɵ˶
ɣԼҹĶֻȥš
˭ڴɻѯʣűҹܹšŵϲϵ͡¡¶
Ҷ
ߡ
ʲô
ڼУҶ泴ʮּ򵥡ϴ΢ɵȹͨĲЬͷδᷱķ٣Ǳһ׳黨裬ͷŴǰûʩؾŸɾˬ
ЩϣԽн
¶ﲻȿˮɡҶ泴롣
ɣЩûж
ҧһ´̧Žȥ
Ҷ⡱ܹСԴСŵϴ󡣡Ư㣬Ư㣬ȴ㻹Ư
ͯͯ˲ߺ
Сģλ¶㣬㿴¶ϵŮ·Ҷ泴ȤԼСܡ
Ů¶ŮҶֺ֣ϻմһꡣҲŮŮŮ档
ԣǶСŮŮŮѡҶ泵һСܵıӣЦ˵Ļ棬ЩûعλŮ˷ǡҼ⡣
Ƥһһ̧ýȴûš˼ðţҶ¡
ҰͲ㳣ţ㲻֪ж໶ϲãҽ£ԼժЩһһԡǲ᳢ҵա
ɣ²мҹʲôöûгԹϡһԼҹＸ䣬ȴԼҹͷλҶмֶΡһĹ򣬾ͺҹͷת
ʱҲˣ֮¸ϽǱֲͬʹȻĶԵߡ
Ҷ֪߲̫ڣĸҲûõȥĸ׻Ъšߴ£ԷһС
¶ؼУҶһһ
Ů㣬仨͸㡣ҶСһһױƵĵݸߡ
ҶϳԼСܱһĴָСС;ôᣬҶ泵ĵܵܡ
ллҶСӡߺӹһϲ̧ͷϵˣȴԷЦԼ
ʻˣ¶˱Ȼ
ѩƤĹǣһ˶
ûĸŮܾܾ˵һһŮһһˣֱ߿ֿġ
ժһһϴá
Ҷ֮ʱ˵⡣
ҶνѹûῴǷš˳˼£˳̽һ̬ȡ
˵Ҳδиת𣿡
㣿ɻ󣬶ˡҶиǴý㣬ý㲻棬ԲŰֵɽӸԼ
ҶֵʵҸûддŸ֪ԼʲôݣҲϲҡÿҵ⣬Ѿҹ´ͻʱ˴ǷҪһԸתҲдǷŽˣΪתĻ´
ԭȷʵûãŵιǺã
ңҾͺܿˡ㲻˵֪顣ǷţҲûдʲôλιҲǶ֮ˡ
룬Ҳǡ
ιӿ϶⴫
㲻ѹ𣿡
Ҷôϲ磬Ȼޱġ±˿ŹװӡƽһΣͻȻԼĳ֮ܣ֪˵Ĳס
Ҷ泴ʵѾˣʹʹĽԤ֮УܳܵסҼңȨҵġ㲻֪ж࿪ģ޲øеˣ¶ҵѡôѡǰô㣬ע⡣ºѣҲҵҡ
ɣŴ죬λҶв
Ѿݣ֪ǰǰŴ㺦ԼˣȻôϲԼΪԼע⣬Ȼ΢˵ز
ҡҡ
ûϵģ¶վüģԺ϶ҵ⡣

һãһá
ƤɣŻ㡣
ԭƳҶ泴˾ٵǲ˻ɡ
Сû飬ŹŮǿĳڹŮȦһֱǱżĴڡΪɵһ죬ߵ˶ϲ
ҶϲҶĵܵҲϲ
֮ʱſڡҶ۾ȫǲᣬҶСҲһֱ֣´档һһЩš
ɣЩᣬȰԶҶˣССֵùŵֲòϣûôĹ
Ժ󻹻Ҷ𣿡
ͷҶϲңҷҲһϲѡ


6 
ֱҶ泲ϥһСܱС˶С˶Ц
ЮŻ㣬֦ҶȷõļڣһͷĳʼǲģһҲӦúúûš
Сϲ¶𣿡
ϲ¶ÿ
Ҳϲ¶㣬¶Ǹù
߱Դͬ
ϲ֪ʱԭڿһ˫Ůʱʱࡣ¶ͣɼŮϵпɡ
ִŮӹֺСӣСӳ֣ĪҪԼ
ŮۣԺұ뱧Ҳˡ
˵ĹĸŮѾݡ
˼ϻŮ֮£Ͼǰ涼ڴŮλ¶ˮ
Ҷ˵ʵֻ˵Լһֱָʹһʱˡ֤ԼԺ󲻻᷸ƽ׵ˡ
ۣ졣
λ¶Ǹõģպɱٷ롣
Ůʡá֮ǰ´ôѪףǻܰһû뵽㲻ҵŸҴԼ˵ʱڳѾͷӣ²ᴫ
֪ܲŮϾǳŮΪýãʵڹʱѾͷ´Ů͹Ѿͷһ޶
ĸĲԼĺӣο㿴ضŮġһ뵽ԼﵱŮڱĹǰСԼ˴Ҫܡ
ˣ֪ˣԺ¶Ҫ˼С
Ҷ˵Լʡã̬ȼá
Ͽο٣ʱһδƽһǰͷݺ¶ĴԻûɢֳ¡
ϳʱûʲôȻȥһ㣿
Ҷ泵ͷСܣﲻ֪ĸڵʲôشʱ¼ҴǱѾˣܿͻᴫ˾֪
νмˡŮ캢ӾլԱŲʡѰաӲһǹٳˡ
Ҷ
ӼǡڱǣҶЩԷﶼѡ
˵ǿԷ࣬ôԾ̬񻷡ŴԽ̬˶Ǻõġ
μʫĹڶ࣬˹һ̲ģ˶Բ̧Լ·˲ȵԽͣԽ֤ǵĸ¡
ڷתĴУҶ泵оȻ¥ĹﻹҪḡʲôŤۣ֫ɧŪ˾ֹŵߣɴͼСӣʲôȹ壬֪߳ܵ¿ϣ¿һ߷ɳȥԶ
Ҷ׼ⲻŲװƣϧЩԻЩʧ̬
ǹ⿴ЦĺߣЦǶشȤһŮͲ۹ȴߡ
Цź˴ţ˼ΪѿŵҲˣֱӹ·ҶҺ¼ݵλأһٸҲ롣ޱԼְͣƽλ¿һ棬ֱ޵ݡ
˵ۺЦѰװְƫƽԸ˺ȥ¥ƫƫĽ
п಻ƴǡ
ҶһŮԺйЯƽƣҲмҵΪ顣˼Ц
Ҷˡ
˲ģҵȲҶãŮܵá
㺬ɳӰҶ֪Լûиκ˺ȴҲ̲ˡ
ӵۼ޶ԡ
Ҷ˺αҵĽ
λҲǺӣҶͬƾʱзޣδܱҴ󻧰׽Ҷ곤ְ꣬ȴҶһͬΪųͬʧ⡣
ҶڹӼǳĺƢ˼ˣ֪ˡ˭һûһŮ˵λϸ׶һᡣֻҶ˼ǸŮʵǵ󣬾Ȼ¿
λͬȰ˵Ȱ˵ԲĴԲôû˳ҶˣȰƣҶˡ
λ˵ҲĺҶа壬ϾҶӳҡһڣмغһ
ʲô
ҪŮͰˮͰˣû϶ۡ
Ȱ˾ǸУʲô
ԭҲͬͬΪƶ֪ļѣҲ֪Ĳס˭ңΪСҶһ̾ϢʵǲκνԹ˶˵ǿҲн죬ֻԼ֪Ҹ
ֵҲĪ˾ͺˡ
ֻˡ
˵Żߡ
ȻӭһȺˣһ˾ڷһǾԱΪ׵һīһ죬һһȡ
Ҷˣ޲Ҹطȥһ굽ͷصĹˣվȻš
ӼģͬеνԪصأΪһҪְλͬβͬĿһ¡
˶Ǳ¸ǰĴˣ⡣
˳ΪɷνԪ˳ΪЦܵϾͳˣ֮
֮˱á
ҶԶԶ֮Ͻվһߡ⵲ҶǰҶм
νԪĿ߿һۣЦһ˿벻ӼΪʵֵҶ˾ȻһŮ
ʵηʵ͡
˴ûסЦЩ֣ԽԽܣĺͱ˷

İؿ
νԪδӰ죬㡣ҽҶ泣ԽԭҽյðͻҳֿǸ֪ʱ𣬻ˡ԰ΪΣԼȦУҲӲ
˽ΪҰĽ߹ݣգȴ֪ҰĽ㡣ֻʲô¼ҵҲʲô֮ҰĽѵ侲ִšд壬ʢΪ󡣶ֻ㣬ΪΨһֿ
跳գҲǵôˡڿ糾ܸ֮Լ⣬Ѿ㣬˱պɽˮԶҸءһҹΪξƽꡣ
ôеСӡ
黰дúãҲдò
ϧˣ񲻺á
ļСӲãΪοǲ˾ͷӡ
Ī⣬˭Ҳ׵
ǸСԭҶ泡
ǵòӦÿ˰ɡ
ǰ֣˼Ŀ鰸Ѷ켺µۡλ˳֮ʱ޲Ƴ֮Ҳް˿ϲá
ػһΣǾȻζ
ǸСĪҲ
е˼

ʲôνԪһ£ܿ췴Ӧ죬㡭ҪǷţ
ı˵һС
νԪϽȡǷţŵؽ
죬㡭㲻Ƕ˰ɣ˵ĹһƽͷһؼҵúúÿһŮӣд㾪׵š
شԶȥıӰһԼԴ׷ȥ
ȵң


7 
Ҷ;һĳҶңҶҸհԼҷ˺ʹ͵ң˷˵ķԸǰš
һʱǰϷһӵҶң˵ǹŮԼҷ˺ʹһ𡣷֪ã͵͵˻
һҽŮȥҶһͻͻϷôܻ˴ǺĴйء
ҴҸϵңһ߾дλ߾ƽﲻ˵䣬˻ȴ߶߶ͣ
ŮֻӦۿɫڣҸԺĵԺûκϢ
߾ֳֺȣĶ̡
ʱҶ泺Ϸ˵ԺѾͷӽû϶࿴һۡ
·࣬ĸشƫǷλĽлõģһ򲻵ء˶꣬ΪԼѾɭϵĸŴլܵĸİڲȻתʮأԼǵĸеľͷˡ
ҿߵŮѿ
ƻĸŮ˹صӰͶڵϣһģ塣͵ҹůĺγԱȡ
ŹʵѾͷʳȥҶŵ˵͸ڵţϡܿĸ
дУ˫ϥľ
ңȻء
㡣
Ҳá¡ҲẦ
ϵͷˮڵء
á
ǵŮ֮ҿŮ
Ҷı밲
Աһ㶯ҲӣҶжʱ˫۰׶۾ɨ˹
Ͳ̷ꡣѵʱ˼ʱܡͥһһлµĹء
һӣǵҲûнѵӵĵ
ȻҵУĹ̺ͱǵݻ硣ǺôϷү˸ǰЩ棬޳ȥΨΨŵŵҰ涼ûС
Ҷԭļ䣬֪ЩôĸŮġǰԭϲңұǽȥȸѾͷ硣ԭСʱһλ򲻹Ϊһ黨黨ԭģλͷϳ˺黨ƣԭ۵ôޡˣҲλҲʣֱӽԭڱѩ﷣Ͽᡣ
һԭѧˡСС;ֺ֪ܺλãԽԽΪЩ˱㲻ȴ֪ҵϵһ塣
ڶࡣ
ҶңҾǵ졣
λ裬µĹܽѵӵģĸ׵壬ְΪТҵĹؿТТΪУ
۰׷ţһ֮⣬޹洫
ϰᳶŮ·
̾ͺˡ
ô꣬ǿа֮ģ
Ҷ泲̣ú塣δһ֣Ȳ׵𷣡һӶǣ˱΢õʲô
ҶҶƴӣұϢ棬ͼʲôΣʱһѣʧʱ˻һ
ԭŮȺʱǰסԭŮ¶ҶҴѹʹҶš
˵ǧգεʱ˱ӻҶҹ𣬻ȴһ㸲
ȻˣĴ𲻹Ҳա
ȻĻҶ泴ʱǲ˵ġĸŮӰ֮ʹ֮ʱ
ĸ׵£
¼ãͼ֮
ϼŮûٳ¡ﻹС֪ЩԶ߸ϣһ޷֮ȼ硣ǹףȴһʱͷ˵ȼǵĿɽңǣҲ˵ǿ
ӼҶûٶײԼưֳɫ
ңĪ˵ŮӶѷһ޵ı˴Բ⡣
ҹĻԽڳɪɪ
ĸŮ֪˶ãѾͷʼ⳷һϸӰȻȥԶԶش˵Ц
ԼһӺԺ⴫Ų
һλԼʮ꣬ͷ滹ҡȡ˫ḡڿҶ泺һ£ǹζЦ
ԭĹùúá
ϵͷӦһ
ŲŻͷҶ泵ģ
ҶͷøͣĿڷһġүĵ壬ԭѵĹؼ
ŮɹԭŮŮԭһҰʱ֣ԭغ屻˶ڷʱĸķ֪ܣݲϱԵ˼ңָͻΪ檡мѵѪԲΪ檣ķšҵš
Ҳ˻ٺҶϷ򸾲δȥ
˭֪Ů˼ݶҪ׻뾩֮ǰֳ£һ֮ͽᱡȥ
Ǿ֮ͽĴȢҶϷǲͬ⣬ҧ˵ҪŮһӡ
ŮԸ˽вԭǲǾ֮ͽôҶұھ㡣ԭޣֲ۸ĸ֮һԼ绨
ԭΪԼһŮӦûŹȫҡû뵽ҶǱųһȫڸε·ϡ
ҺųưҶ泿ʵ̫ľƣ˭֪µĸҶɭɭ
ȥûֳˣʱҶһۣоζ
ֹʱڳһѾͷȥϽȥ˽һʱۿ
Ҷʱоϥ¶û֪
ĸŮţһһ߳Ժӡ
ҶϢȺڶ⡣Ůӣﷺܵɬ⡣ҹشǰಽظš
һڳҵĴţͬٺſڵĵǵӰ洫һصĹ

ҹ˾ʱҶ泺˯⡣
ĵӸĸӴһŵؿšվڸĸĴ⣬ʡ
Դ˵Ͷܵ游ˣĸ˺ģ
뵽ĸἰµ̬ȣ·ǶҶĶ͡˵ԴƹܺˣپƷҴҶݵλʲĸס
ʱﻹϲһѡܿͷӦĸ˺ġԴǺõģĺ¸ֶԲ
̽Դ˵֪ͣԴʱһĸôģû뵽ĸԼŮѰһ¡
ĸƳĲԸ±˵ʲôˣھٺ¡Ī˵󻧣ССĺҲԸȢһλ·ŵŮӡ˵ܺԴ˽ףɷ;ϱл档ǲٳҲ֪ĸ˵Ļ̫顣ɷǼ٣һ档
Ҷӵıˡ
ֻ֪Դʹ󣬶ãȴ֪λԴѾĻءȥ⣬ǼλҶǳײͲʵġ
ڼ󣬰ȴˣȻҶҵĹȥӪԻΪãΪ;롣
Ů٣Ǿ硣
ĸǣ»ټʱ˵ĸѾﶨ¡
ĨᣬӦš
Ҷ䣬ĬȻ
Ӷ°ڹ룬·ѩСң뵱ԭѩ﷣򣬱һĺǡ

Ҷҹдţһȥݡã׼վͰŮҲȥϼҡ
˭֪㲻㣬оȻµĴԡ˵ҶҺԼףҶҪŮԶ޾⣬޵ǺʷԴˡ
һʱ䣬УõҲС
˶ҶȻŮ޸һʹԵԼˣҶܡ
Ҷ֮󣬺ܿҵ˼ǺԴ˽סΪ壬Լ˾ͽʹԻ᲻ơû뵽˳ɻڿ𣬸ûм˵Ļ
ǣӼ˾ҵ˲֪ιʶ˲±
æµһңǵƻɺ
һֱſڵ֮æʽΪֻ֮˵¶࣬Եһδᡣ
Ҷ泺ĸһ𣬽ŵƹ⿴常ϵľݣԼµ˼֡
ȨֶΡ
ӣһֱضʮȫİաл޴ӡССҶǼֻϡ
Ҷ泲֮Ըʹλߣӽ£鹸ߵҴڡ
˵λ¿
һҹշתƻ֡
ʱĸɫ糣ȥĸۿԺ֮⣬졣ҶСЦǰֲҹ֮µӰ졣
һ֪Ů޶˶һۣ˸С
ǲ˵ҶҲʡ
Ҷְңһʡ
ĸ״С˯ʱҶĳš

˾ڳǱϽ紦ŻɭܲѰԸƵҲԸ˵ءһǿɭǾѪȡ
ſʯʨϲʨ̫ͼΪРаʨģΪȶԹ顣
ҶѰһǽǣʼõĵȴ
ĵĴմأɢ紺ĺգ͸ָʡһޱߵĪ
ϲ¶ӣСȰǻ߰ɡ
ˣȻҪһߡҶ泿ǽߣĿת˾š
㡭㡭ǿˣǺãϲҷӵĲǣȴǲͬҶ¿
ҶҲͣſڡ
ʱңǵī̵Ӱڳ֡
ý͸ˮĨһ۾ϲ˹ȥ
ң
Ǹоڰ̽ԼϣӵĿ޺ʵĵֲ˻ȥ
λҶ泵С
С£޵棬źò
ΪҪôңֻϲѣʲô㲻ϲҾˣΪҪָʹң
֪ԷǱԼģѾͶ·ӣ벻ķԾȡ
˾ҸĸԶ޾⡣λԴͶԵ游˽м˵áǳ룬Բδ˺ˣﲻ˰˶˵ʢһ˾ͨϰѶ֮ңҷʲôҺʲôˣʢɷңֶΣҵ껪
֪ҵֶΣΪβȫһЩ
Ҷ泣
ʲô˼
ָӦ
˼룬׼һеıʱͼλĿǰ壬ҹؿ
ˮᣬζ˲ֱ۴ڲ࣬˲Ȼ
Ҷĵˡ
Ǳ


8 
ǰһị̄ĵһԽĿ䡣䲢һ֮ǧĻѩɱη
ʯ֮䣬Ҷ泷·𿴼ԼҵĿ־һΣľȻϢ

ѵǣСŮպһǡ
һĬҶΪԼ˴Ѿ׵ԷʱԷȻûҲûжŭ
ΪҪ㣿
ҶҲԼ˼ƾʲôҪ
СŮܿۡ
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ҶԷĺ⣬оµý֪֮Ŀ¿ɷ֮ƣΪжѪ鲻׸ǿᵽֲϢ
֪ԼڲŵQҲ֪ԼΪķʽк֣ܶѡȻǲĵȴĽ١֪ͽ޹ҲҪǰһ裬һأ
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Ҷ¾Ȩ߻ϷŪˡ˵죬ΪԷһ˿֮飬û뵽Ǳ滣ֱܾ
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ķǲԾ΢
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һʹˣľҲһЩǵǲϲֹ»ƵŮӡ
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ÿ㲻ܼ޸ҲԸΪšҵĺǿģһƬģң
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Ⱥ˾ڷȫͷ뿴ֲҿΪҶ泸еϧ˭ãȻ´ˡ
´ʲôˣ˭֪һ߻׵ӽ쵶ӳˣʺѪˣˮԸá
ţ´˵ΪˣֻλҪܿˡô˵汻߷ɳȥǸҶߵûȥ
ӹȥǹﻹ´˿ޡ´˶Ҳûн߷ɳȥҲûгο
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ϵˣĸʱеˣֻεһӣӾǶ֮ˡ
Ҷټһѻ𣬡ǰڹʱżλԴˡ˵ǺݺŮ٣֪Դϲ뷿ޣλòļңϾȻŮ޹ȥǽԼŮơ
㡭㡭ǰôû˵
ҲĴԲλԴ˭֪λԴʲôˣĸ֪֪ܲԴ˵ãҲ֪Լҵļһ뽫Ҽ޸Դˣа֮飿
ɫ׵ˣΪλԴֻʹЩû뵽Ȼ¡ĸҲ̫ˡ
㣬ңΪŮӲܽҵʸΪܴЩôôҵأҵʮ꺮һ䲻סҵŮеǰ̽ͣȴ֪ʼձϹۣʱĹһ㲻֮ǱʩӴѹѵûҵջԽԽ𣿡
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Ҷ泲ٶ˵Щ±뵱ȥݣὫһѵ̯Ӷĸ
ҲҶҵ̣ǰǣڲǣҲǡ
˵̫ʷӣҶպȥμҵĻᡣҶֱӾܾöˣ޷硣
һ˵ҵλҶ밲ҶЦ·󲽳ȥ
ҵӻ⣬ﲻҶ˵ĵԼҹ֮ӣ벻ȥҶԼҹǰҲ䲻ºáӰ뿪ƼҶɫ糣Խ
֪λҶװ
ҶҼҹȥμӻᡣ
ССܿ𣿡Ҷеؿһۣĵ
ұ¶ү̫ʷҶʲôƲ
Ҽҹ˵ˣǼλСۣ졣
´ｻãʱμӹСССۡҹĪΪԼ󣬱˶Ҫɣ
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ңҾҪȥҲǵһʶʲôʱôҪˣ˵뿴ҵЦΪСۣʵΪͣʱһ
뿴Ц黹
һλҶȻԼҹĴ㡣һٶ˵ʲôֻԼҹ缸ʵҶʲôū澺ûȥ֮Ҽҹ
ҶЦˡ
Ȼװ˼ȵӣ˼


9 
ϲԼҹĴ֮𾪵ˣתһؾ֪ҹ¿˼˵ƺ
ҹԼҹԸҲ֪ǰȥμӻᶨȻûк¡˼ҵڣҲԼҹ硣
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ƿԣͨ죬ҴҶһҶúĿ׻Ǳܻظˡ
ҶȥȻͼӴס
Ҷ泲֪ôϲҶԼſ񣬿ڳ֮߳ԣҵǳױˡ
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Ͼһ̾Ϣô̸ĸҲ̫ˡԼʲô˼ңʲô䡣ϧǱۣǲܲˡ
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ôģԸܵóԸҶ¶࣬ĪҪĴޡ
гǣĵĸ׾̫ˡҲӣ벻ĸۡ
ĸŮ˵ĵڣѽµɢ޲ȫǵ˶֪Ҷ泵Ϊ

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ѧ֪ԶףòҲǿ֮һ֪θ롣
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ЩҭסûǰǸһŵС˶ʹССһϳɣôܶһ
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˵òҲλСһ˵ìܣƺĻһţȴǧ
ĳĬþԽ£֡Ůȷʵһò㶯ġϧ̫ЩΪϲЩ̧һ˵λá
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10 
ʱֵҹҶδңҶԻһ仰˵ǹӼвѧĸ꣬Ϊةҹ룬ֲҡ
һֱ˼Ů˵Ļܼ尾ɷҲæ֮ʱδҹޡѵ˵ڱѹ
±ڶЩ̫á
Ҷ֪ĸ˼̫أʱĸŮӶ̫ҪȲ˭ҲԸΪ޸ĸľ
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һȥԲδɢϡ
ȥвǼҵϲ
ȥ׻δҡ
ʼסϸԼ˵ĻһԭԼ⣬˼¿û׿ڴӦ
Щ׹壬һֺļơ
еڶ·ߣȥԷǳȥû·ߡ
˾ŵ´塣ȹϵϣһϣڶԷʱԷյݼ١
ϲɱʱ͡
˺üȥšŵһͣϳҶ泣ϵľ֮ɫûвغá
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ʱ߳ˡ˽ȥʣҶôˣԭȥģ㡭Ҫ޸λԴ𣿡
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̫ˣҾ֪ôϲҶ磬϶޸Դ˵ġ˵ǸԴ˲ʹԸҲΪŹ֣ҺûӦ
ǰôϲ㣬ôϲôԶ޾⣬һѼǼءҶĿůһղˡ
˵µһ֦޵һǰ
ȥҵ⣬ûʲôõóֵģԸЩ֮˶ۡΪժģÿһ֦
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⻨ÿɬؽӹһСšҶרŸժģء
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Ҷ泷Ÿ֮ŷԼߵġ˵Уԭ߻йءһвǱ۸֮ķϾӼ˻ҧˡ
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ˮĴ۾Ƿһ˽֪Ͷãû˰ǵáУǶ磬ݵλȫһˡﾭܵҶʽѽԷԼˡ
ɣҲܸжͳҶ仰ԷйֲʼͬҶ泣úõĹټǧ𣬵õĲ١ʲôֲ˼ôŶ̫
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ۼһӣûҲŽȥŲŸտȥʶ˻Ȼٴνȥ
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Ҷ泽ݣ
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涼˹Ƴɣб鲼׹ǣǿѨ硣
ҶվüǰŷֲѰ֮ÿͷ϶д֣СԾǿȥġ
ͻȻоһʲô׵ϡ
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˹ǲˣͯ˲һͯʮʮ˿飬ɳʱмͷϲΪһǶҶ建ǰ㣬Ȼת֪СŮΪ֪ЩΪСŮĽϲΪԼϲáЦҳ룬ȴ֪Ϊħ˲
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л˵
¹ĽܣԵ硣


11 
ĵϣɿžơ·࣬·תһִ֣
ҶؿڼȻûϵԷҪ
еůޱȡ󱳳һ亹ĿڴȴĪеһȡָ΢΢Щڽ촦ϵ绬ڵء
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аȹȹȹ
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ѵϣѵҪ
΢ͷ˫ֱ״˺üģûôľġѳˣ˻ֻվһ߿
ĵͻȻס°ͣʹ̧ͷ毺õĲϸϸ׵ƤԼɼɫѪܡ
ĿһѲţĶͷǰأĲֱۡĵǰشػصػ˼£û¶ȵĿ·ܿ͸Ѫ⣬ƺѡֳƤλãȫƤ
֪˶ãõЩ˽Է
˲˼ϡ

·ף·ѡ
Ҷ泸оϵ亹ֳָɡԼµղʲôǻݣΪ֮ˡ
˲ʢһ˾ֻһûʲôвС֮Ůп֮⣬˶Ź
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Ҫɱ
ˡ
ˣ¿ɲʲôϧ֮ˣ˿ܸûġԷʲôƻﷸûɣǻϷҲ͸ĵۡ

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зһ˿ͣǸС
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ȻûеõҪĽҶ˼¿ƾʲôŪĿģǲС
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־֮д鶯ʫенԼػһأ䣬ּҲı仯
λҶѰĵط

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ԶԶҶ泵Ӱϲò
ҶҶ
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ҶҶ˵ϻ𣿡
˵ˡҶ泴⡣
ôãԺһ֪ġ

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㿴㣬ɹˡûߵȻһۻҪǸҲôƭǾͺˡ
ˣҲ֪ߵĻɹġ
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ˡҶȻƽﶼһЩ֮˴򽻵ǰҲ˱֮ˣҷýһŮʲôȲȥ͵ҲȥѵһŻ͵Ĳɣ
ɣԷһİۣλҶﲡÿ治ᡣ
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϶˵ĻһȻƺҲû緢𣬵Ǳ翴һۣҪȥ
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ҶĵǲϲײȻһ·Ͻߵǰвһϲд˶ܳŴĪҪһСûмʶŮӼƽϡ
ڵһۣȥ
ֱ޳ӰҲ߳һ
粢ûйҶ
̫ˡ
ϲоԼһأֻ˹ӻЩ̫ʹûѵͬŻ𣿡
Ҷ泣
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12 
ԭҶȥԼԺСֻǷƼȥԺҸףϷáҲûԼ´
ߣһʱЩ޻
Ҷ죬оǸߴľ֦ҶïĴš
ĸײϲ޼˵ЩԭڣƵԺǾίǻǰ˵ϲöϸɶ֦Ǹί
߿еĸףȻѹʵİͳ
Ҷĵλ˱һȱĳϧһϧŮӣȻһεĶӡ˵ľҲǲݽ档
¶лл㡣
Ҳûﵽ㡣
ʵԼ֪Һܶࡣôôƣʲô˾áһ㣬Ҿͺ˺ܶһһľԽ˻ϲ
ϸɢȥȶ˵ôá
УֻԼ֪
ǰ˵ŻĺɣϲҲ˽
ģǹĩѾͷ첻ϡɣЩϲҶв߻ֻһλֱֲ˵ѾͷҴլû˸ҵû˻·ҲҺҶССݵ˴Ѿͷ
ϲҿҼҹĴѾͷ
ʲôѾͷҹ£һѾͷ
ߣǲǼң
ùĴѾͷһἵ㣬ǲв
ввôˣҼҹϲġ

һ˸ߵ԰Ӵӭ
ղһǰ
ǳ۵ȹӦֵţޱȣׯֲʧ˫ԼżְڿߺҶ泺ͫΪһ
ô
Ҷ˵⻰Ӧ㡣
ϴκ¶ˮⲻǵġ
ҪˣҲˡ
´˵ҪˣҶҪ޵ӣҲ޸Դ˵ģ涼Ϲġ
һ¿ɲ㡣
˵ںԼ𣿡
û£ҶǺ°㺰˳´ҺôҲһ㣬ôô񶾣ȻҼ޸һʹмϲõˡҪǾºãôޣ
һȻ˸Լ˵첻ǳˡĿҶ泺֮أЩɡ
ߵѾͷƽƲҶ泣λ仧ı¾ͼԸ⡣
ҶҼҴĺ⣬ô˲ʶġʲôݣմҵĹ⣬ƾͳԼ㻹ʲϣ
㡭˵մҵĹ⡭ֲҸĸѹ֪飬ĴԲ֪£ԭҴеĪԴʲôôֲ뵱һŮٵŰҵͷϣ
һݺݵѾͷһۡѾͷŵû겻壬ӳͷû뵽Ҷץס
ûʲôӣʲô˵ԲŸôԼ˵ߣų޷ԱΪ£һܷ
̫Цˣ
鲻һ£Һϸ˵˵ЦţҶһߡ
Ҷ泱žװ鲻Ըӡ
԰һ˽ͤͤˮ;ĺõط
˴ͤϵıһҶ泴ԭõļһ޶к󷽡
ȱ˵ꡣ
˵
֪ﲻԸ⣬ԴȷʵʹЩҲǺܺáϸ룬Σϻڻֵһˣ㲻Լ˿ļҹӸȢ㣿˼ȥ⣬ѡ
̸ְ΢Ҳ޼ĸĳҲãƽҲûύʲôͷķˡ㸸ĸѰʲô˼ңԴ˹پƷ޹ȥƷˡãĸҸϷˣӹжģʱ㱲ָߣٻ֮һ˵Դʹ󣬿ֲ鵽ϡһѾӵƷٷˣټǲǻܼ޽ţ
ҶĿڷһ黹ûɣָĴֻҪҪﾡãΪһѪ
Ыġ
˽ԵλĵճŮεȴŻ󣬿ƾйŮһ䷶˭֪̬˷Ůӣ˶񶾡
Ҫ޺ˣҿǸԴ䣡Ҷ泺󡣡ҲĻҲẦϲˣˣ
Ǳûͺϲһ߻Ҷ泻±ãֱǰӡ
ĳΣСûһһ֪ĵĹѡЩϳһ˽ȴǲȥֺ
һֱģʧȥò׽ύΨһѡ
ȻҶ泵ĻͷһȣϲҶȷʵϲΪϧý㡣
ţЩһƺȥ
˵ʲô
ǿĿˣԭǸĶĶŮԴϲڹ뷿ĥˣ޹ȥҵԲ㣬ʲôҾʲôΪʲôҪôңҶǺһ㡣
ŵһܿҲôúģȻˡ
ú룬Ϊá
ΪҺãҶЦҵǹʹΪҺãĴҲΪҺãҼ޸һŪμҵˣҲΪҺãôΪҺã𣿡
úˡ
ȻˣʡöѴࡣ
׼ѹˣҶʱͿҶͻȻȻûӦͱһˮ



13 
Ժĳ޵ǳþǲСˮѰ˵ȥվסֻǴˮ䲻ݶʱôǣһȻܲס
֮£Ǻ˺ЩˮǹճĴСһЩͷ
Ѿͷһߺˣһˮ
ѾͷߣѾԼվԭõķͷϣ֬ͷһĨһѣ۾ͤŮ˫ֻĿ¶ڽЦЦؿ
ʱͷ𣬡ˣ㾹ȻƱҵţ
ҶΡҵš
Сδܹ裬ʱֳҶһʧǡˣҪ޸Դˣҵſܾĥã
ýٽǿ۽硣һеǱߵļɽֻԱߵˡӣ˵ǲǣ
ӣܺ
ӻǳסҿ˵͹ף֪˼֪ԼеĶϱȻһ˱ﲻһĶŮӣִȢ𣿡
δˣԡ
˽ͤ;֮أƱطԸһЩҶվøߣȻҲͿԶԶԶߣûʲôӣŴˡǹ⼤ŭĿľ֪λճŮׯƤ£һĳ
Ȼûʧ˵֮оȻᡣλδˣӦþ¿ĺνԪ
һջ
ڹԻΪһ±
νԪſνԪ۶࣬ǿ˼Ҳûдƣ˴˽
߷űɵˣʱعöˡһѾͷȥһֵҶ泡
ҶΪϧý㡣ýո˵ĻɼѾҶ֪ý㲢Ǳǰȴû뵽ԷĶ
˲̬СŵҶߡ
Ҷߡ
Ҷҡͷˣô죿ҶҲģһһ˵ûñ˴ܹĵ
ǡҴýǹĹ㸸ĸδػס㡣Һô¼ҵĹǱ߲Ϊҡ
˵䣬ѱѾͷԼ£ȫϡ綾Ŀ⳯Ҷ泺˹
ˣһػˡ
㿴Ź㣬ҲŹҡҶһߵ֣ӺδڣǺβֹ
˵꣬´һ
Ѿͷŭ㻹ûģҼҹˮڻǲߣôĶ֮ˣ
涼ѵ֪𣿡Ҷһν̬ȡҹͲһˣ˶˵ôŸ߶ׯô󷽵塣ҹղһһ˵ңұԴĥĳ˴ѵӦúú˵һ𣿡
һתǱߺ
λӣ֮»λ֤
νԪüȫζλҶǺýдǵȴ󵨵飬ʲô˼
еĿֶλҶģҶһȥ⣬Сӵӡ
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֪Ҷʲô֤
´ȷʵƵģ½ҸΪ޹ء
˵
ȫˡ
ҽףͼսãСŮ޶ϵһʧԶԣͲƽΪס
Ҷˣ˵ҲƷСٵŮҪ֣ҾǷ
մ㲻ΪʲôҪˮ
ǴôġҶ̯֣һ޹ӡ
ɽ棬νԪЦ
Ҷ´ɵӣôñԼ֡
δˣСŮ˵ʵ´һֱȰҼ޸Դˣ˵ʲôԴˣѰһ¼ҡҲԸ⣬ִҲ֪ô˵ҾҲ˵ҳͣЬ䣬˵һٸӣҲҶһ¡һ˺ü顮һԣһԣôĳˣǲǲӣҾˡ˵ܹ𣿡

νԪҲûסЦ
̫˼ˡ
찡죬Σ޵еĹﲻѪɱڿ˵㣬Ϊ㷸˼
ôȤСƴŵңҲ޸ԪǸƥ
Цֱϡ
ţúࡣ
Ҷ泻ݵͣҲ̫ʹ´ôҾôδˣӣ˵𣿡
νԪϽش𡣡󣬳֮£Ҷûд
ˣл˺ӸСŮ˼֤
ŭ䣬Ҳվסˣһ˹ȥ


14 
߸Ͻ˽̧ѵȺԵΣΪϸǺúʵıӣҶ泵󣬴ҴԺȥ
һԶɽλ
һһ׵ţٷνԪ³ᡣνԪЦ֮ƣһЦЦ޺
ΪȻǲףǿݳͶȫҽĹ󣬵֮ǵһӡ
νԪЦĿһֱעҶ泣Ҷ泿֮мζü
֮£ͷδ˺ˡСŮݵ΢֪´λ⡣ҺСŮ˼֤СŮһҲ˵塣Ҷ
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δ˸壬дĺù٣ѹֽЩо̫ƽհӣҹջҲܰǡҾΪʵ
νԪޱȣŲڵĺ롣
Ůһ죬ܻ
Ҷ꼴Եһʣպʲô鷳֮£ȥȥҡ
лδˡ
νԪ΢˽ͤԶķȥ
ҶУʶҲǱߡȴһòƵ£ǵһϵӲ֪վ˶á
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ǰӦǽ˵ףҲˣҲˡν¿ˮ̣ƺûʲôڵġ
νԪǷǷ
Ҷ泣
νԪȻš
Ϊûдʲô¶ǵĶһйоصԡȴ֪ЩԳΪס
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Ҷȵȡ
ߡ
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ˣ֪Ϥݡ
߲ϲԭ棬δöԷءԭ֮Ϣѹ˺ü죬͵͵˼ֽǮ
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ҴĿԭһҵҲܴ¡˵ҶĸҶڸҶ˳֮ص;з֮˸ʬҶȫ˻ݰһ
Ҷ㡭ôˣ
뱧㡣Ҷ泺ȻסǰŮ
ߺȴûƿҶ泡
ҡԺɺá
á
Сѩڴѩ죬ȡСԺԽѩ
ѩĺϲ㡣ʱ룬ôĹòɡơϵŮ·ֵõһС
Ҷ룬Ϊ߳װѣ֪°벿ֵľ顣ҶңǷŮʵ̫ࡣ
ҡ˵ôáůǹƽġڴ֮ǰ˿ԽύΪõһѣٲϡˡҡҲϲ
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ߵò̧ͷĿ
Ҷ泷ſһķˣ㡣
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ĿҶ뿪תʱŷλӻδ뿪ǽһߵܿˡ
νԪԼ°ͣţλҶҲ̫ˡ
ֱЩ˶ȥˣҲмܲסѵһֱûйĽԭ
ͬؿᣬӣѧŵ㡣
᷽Ŵ𾪣ۣЩڡ͵͵ȥķȻʧһ֪պʱټӦѧѧҶ
ٴ񣬺ǰ
ۿӰʧνԪһֱֱͦͻȻ΢䣬һƺµش
³СӳȷʵģҲ֮Ǳ˴˱˴ˡһһǷԼǮӣֱкͰƽ׽ˡΪʲôûҶô˼Ůӣ
Ҷ̫ˣֶθ߳治⡣
λѣΣӡ
㵱Ҷûа㶯ģ
תˡ
νԪϽ׷ȥһֱŽݡ
һݣţٿ۾
ǲʲôˣһŮ㡣
ͻȻٶȽνԪ˳ȥһӽŹϡ
νԪĪŴ󺰣³죬СʵǲŮˣҾ˵˲͵ȵģһףһסװõ徲˽µȴǽݲؽš쿪ţ
ϣڰ㶯Ҳޡ
³СӻŮˣ
ܰɡ
ʱվ֮ǰҶµλá
˫ڤڤԽɲ⡣


15 
Ҷ泸ջصң·ߵӣ͵һ״Σ˵ױ
Ҳ׽ӰȻʲôױˮ֮
λҪô̫ȫҪôǱġǰߣҶ泸źߡγ·˲׿£š
ˣЦеԽ֮ͳȥĥЩѹкβɡ
պöµȥĸס
˼գϵľȥܲɫ޹⣬ڿŮĿвһ˿
Ҷ泷ãӹҩ¶ȡ
ƣҲա
ҪҶȰ
ϻǲϺȡ
Ҷ泷ҩ룬ʾͶȥᣬ˵ԼմӹһЩϢ
㡭ȥˣЩȥλ¶
Ҷûлش𣬶˵λ˵¡Щٳ飬˰˽ȳĸ޷͸ġԵŮֱҵĴʱЩܲס
ңʱж಻ܳ裬಻ܴЩʼΪһŮе
ġǲôġôֻҪҺͬ⣬ѵܱǲɣ
ҿ㣿㶼ôĶŮ
ﲻ޸ǸԴ˵ġƴҲͬ⡣
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·Ϊӡ֤Ҷ˵Ļʱ⴫һæĽŲȻˡ
˳ôһ˻ˣ
˳Ҷͯ
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졭˳
˳ʮ꣬ӡ
һž͹ڵϣˣӳˣ

ҶͶѧΪԺǰѧҳʽԺӵܿԾͶѧӡҶҺףҶҵԵҵ׿ϣСͽԺѧϰ
Ժнʮ꣬ڼ״Ԫһλ̽ʿʮˣ⡣Щ겻в֮ʿڿΣ˲ƶӵܡ
Ҷ泹˲Ժķ羰Ҳû˼īϡ·ϣѾ˳Ŀдܳµľ
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˶Ҷָָ㣬˵λ¿ĴŮӣԭòֲøǵȲе˼
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Ǹ֮һԼѮķӣ޶ԣҶİΪָʹѧҶϳȥ
ѧߡ
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λӼǸòĹʻ۾һȻźϷ򡣡
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Ƿӣ˵һѧʦص˭Ҳỳ˵ĻοҿеķӣССҶʲôλҶǲ֪ҶȻҵӡ
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Ҷǿûп޳Ҷ˼ûֻ֣ܴܵӵ
㣬㡣ҶµýСYš
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ʱΧĳѧԺѧӣвٷӡ֮䲻ȫԹᣬԺҫ֮ˣѿߡ
һƬУȻ˽һá


16 
úӶˣһͨ졣ָҶ泣ǰﳤúãﻹ˼ϧû뵽һ֪ܵŮӣȻҽѵһйˡ
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ȻԣֻҪ룬㶼ѧϰ

ٽţҶˡѧԺѧĸ׿϶ʧǼгӣСĸ
㡭
Ҷǣ֣ȥ
ѾŷţֱŮŵĲǷ
ȿӵģʱֺõ
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ҶͷѪ˿ԽԿֲ۵Ķһšȡ׵ҩͽҩһ߿һҩ
ڼҶ泽ӹΪҶ˵һ飬ҿλӱ˵ָʹһ
ûֱ꣬ӰǿҶҶ·¶Ŀĵıˡ
죬һʱʧ
ñӳġҶҲҵūţƾʲôôԴܣū澣ҲûԵ޹׵ĵ
ϴĿڣ޵˺ѷΡôô
ҳĹŮҵŮĶŮͷ⣬ӣȴҪͷ⣬ӡ
ϰ˳ίọ̲̈̄˱˺ĺӡ
ȥָ
ҶǰĿ
ĴңΪҲĸϾɱû뵽̫͹˵ľɵЩ۸ĶŮ
ﲻԣӦĻ
ǲңҲ۴ܡȥ˿¹ֲ
ǡҲܾôˡ
ֻҪһջҵĹҺʹһջҵŮǾа취ǵһУ
صɴۣŵؿԼŮ˼ǡҶϾϵ
ôԣ


17 
Ҷ泵Ȼ֪ĸ׶ж𾪣ʱĸŮӶԾǱƬ졣ҵ첻ỤҶңȫ㸲ס
ϣȴĽԼ˼̤ࡣ
ʱȥңҲµòһôܵв㡣㲻ͬҼȥԼңôܵǰ̾ˡҲ˽֮ˣֻǵһһٶǻԶҡ
Ҷ˴˵ĻԺǱ֮ȻĴԺۡЩ˹ȡЦﲻ
СȴǷǡĸʸȨ֮ˣ˵֪ߵŮӡǸԴ˵ƷȻ֪Щ˻˼ʲôԲʲôû
˶Ժ󲻶ˡô޸ǸԴˡ
涣һʱŮһʱֿӣ絶

Ҵδǵˣǽǵҵūţʹ£ǻΪ𣿡
ˮӿø
֪˶ãȻֹ
Ҷ泲ȰǷԸȴҶȥϢ
žڣĸŮԶԡ
һ䰵бĽһд½紵ɢԼ鳲
µĵʱɫ׵ػ˵涼ڴҶҶҼʧʹΪʸŮ٣˵ݶӲʦ˵ΪŮ
գ԰׵ɫԽûѪɫҡҡ׹ֱŮ۾ںԼеľᡣ
ԭֻ֡
Լ¡
һȥֱҹʱҡ
վԺ̧ͷ죬ǺҹŮϨ˵ƣµĵŹ⡣
Ӱôĵ¿·ɲǼĹΪڷ絲ҺȻͽһ˲ã
µûĸŭŮ޷ǳҶҲãʵظԸ⽫ȥԼңô»ת徵ء
ֱ⣬ĸҪ㲻ʲôĶŮĸ˵һ죬֪ôݹҲŮ
ʹر۾һ¡
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ˣţϽЪŰɡ
ŮӣѣҡҶԲסԲסǲӦҵĶҡ
ˣʹӶǶµĺӣһĿԡ
ѹֵͶ˽ݡ
Ҷʵδ˯һֱڴǰźҹǰҡҷĻںԽġ
Щ˵ǧ䶼ãΨʹ¾ġ

ҹᣬ˾εĵƻȴȺѪڻϴĹ档һŵ̾߹˵⡣
ϢѪȵĶһ𣬳ΡĿģпЦЦʹڶ
ȻѪɫһƬУī̹ٷӴ
ü
һ߽̤ʬɽѪһ㡣ԣȺĻӳϣǵ
˴Σҹ
һ˶УӰᡣ˴һӰ֪ӺδðǰСշ֮¡
Ӻ󣬺Ӱһβ
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ǸСԽˣȻͷĴҫǲӦ֪ƵˣҪôδҪôѾˡ
ſλһţ͵ͽ̸
λҶ˵´ã
ɣ˼Ҷ˵ˣ³´˿δ˵ֻƬô˼˵λҶòòνŮӺϣӢѹ˹أ´Ҳӡ
˭˵أ˭뱧Ů˯Ҫ´ĳòҪ֮
ϱůѾͲˡ
һϮһֵؿǵī̵Ӱλ´˵ֶΣһѪ֮ˡ
ǵְ𣬻´ˣ´˿϶ǵƤ
Ųδֱͣ
ߵԶˣǱŵòҶ˲ǽٺ亹ֲ죬´ƺúࡣ
ѵǳ鰮ζԲűζˣ
лҶҶǵĴˡ

Ҷ˯ò˯ѼоڿԼ
·²ɪɪϻս־塣
ػأ·˱ӣȴֺǵƤһ㡣սľ룬Σ͸Ͻ
ʶѣȴδѡ
ĴѪĶߡоĿڿԼ·͸ƤĽṹ
ѵɱ
Ϊʲô
ϸ֮ǰһУԼµһЩλ¿ϵķ費˯Ϊ˵Ǿ಻ã֪Ļ
仰ܽˣϱǣαõŻˡҪԳղ˯ʱһǻȥϷˣˡ
﷭ܿɭ

ûɱ
ĺϲ㡭㡭
߽
СĪʲôġЩ˴򽻵ôῴǳԵļ
Ҷ泵ӴһЩӦòɱԼһЩʱֻоѹȸ˲۽ȵϢűӹ
ϲʲô
ϲˡòȡ
ʲô
㡭ϲ㡣
˾֪˶ãϢɢȥ
ҶȻ˫ۣĽë˲һ


18 
һ磬δɢһ˹Ҵǰ
Թ󣬼࣬ÿ貹ʮ뿪ĺŴ˵ׯӹڵĹӵ͵˵Ż
Ȼǰһ˺Ĺǰš
һ˵ţһȥ
Ϣܿ쾭ȫĹ˶֪޳ȥĹҴǰز
Ϸԣùȶٵءŵĸݣǲ棬ָԼĶϱķȥŮ
ǹ˾۾ӣķ˳ʱһЩ̽Ϣ֮ˡ
ãֵһ
ʯ͸ųǵĺϹŶҲı廹䡣
зŮжжģ۹ġ
Ӷ꣬Ȼ˻ȥ£ٵǰųūԲԾðͷ
ɩҡĸ׷ŹҼ
ķ̨ףʾߵǿȥϡ
һӹ⣬ʲôܺú˵ʲô£Ӳ˵ԼҲʲôԵǷǲǽȥϸ˵Ҫһ
ǿ׳ӹĿ¶׹⡣ϼȻ˺Ȼȫ׼
ﲻ֪ʱһѼӣԼĲϡ
Ǳ
ķһõ˺ü㡭㷢ʲô裿
ĸ׷ŹҼȥԼҡĸ׷ŹҶĪҪҶǰ̡ТŮԸţĸ׵Ķ飬λ𡣡
˵ʲôԼҪŮԼԺ¡
ϻδţͷɩ㡣ȥĸףҼûǸʲԴˡĸ׿Ҷ꾡ТķϣҼһ·
Χ۵ѵ洫ҶԼҽ׵£Ҷҵ˼ҴǣߡˣҲ̫صˡ
ķ˴ŭ˵ʲôҶҺԼģҺθɣ
СӣΪ˾ܷ죡
ɩҼﻹСүꡣתĸףҼôͼˡ
޵øγϣ߶ݡ
ķ˸һʹɫӸϽȥϷˡ
ã˵ʲô˻治֪飬ĸ׻˵Ƿ޺ͿôִٰŮ޳ȥĵ
ͷҲǵĸ׵ˣŮҲҼһŵܵܵǰ̣޸һ游ӣΣ
ȺȻ
ԭҶҳӱԺϳΪ顣ҶŰݣеȴ֮£֪֪治֪ġ
ķŭãʲô꣬ıһźԵӲˣҲûиĵ
Ͽ޵ñżӵֶ֪ǲϵġŮδʱñȸѾͷ硣Ҷ꣬ζ֮ҵĶŮҶҵĹѪҵūšǴʹһĸףǱʹ
⻰ˡ
ǺģĸŮҲҶϡ
ķļ٣ڲԼͷƵƵȥӰҲǶմ¡
ϺɢԼķ٣ȻִҪҵŮȺҵĶӡҡҾ͵Լûң
һȥ˰˿һȥúõһͷڷϡ˿ɢһأϽӲڵϣҴͷ
ТŮ÷ոԺˣҹ
ҷ紵ɢﻹаԡһ˳·
ȺԼŮ
ȫڶ촽ҲڶԺ󲻻ˡ
Ҷǰҡҡ׹塣ȻĶñϵôӡ߲ȣΪТ㻹иףǡ
ϱŮشޡ
Ҷ泲֪ǽ뿪ԺԺը˹ͺ֮ĶԻ贫һʱ룬᲻һ
ʱ˿ʼָָ㡣
Ҷҹ￴ģã鿴Ҳôأ
˭֪˵˹ĹˮҲ֪Ǽ١
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ҿǴָ֮ҴģŪǰŻžͷųҶҺԼ׵ϢôǱˡ
ǾǣĺݶôҲԼҵŮ
˵ҶҵĴӸûвʦǺӹݺġ
˵ҶССԼ˼ң»ʹֶΡ˼Ҷӵǰ̣˼Ů޸Դˣҡ
ҶĸŮţ˵ȥ
֪˶ãùеؿŮϡ
磬Ӱ˳
̫޵ġݻ£̻һ𡣽ֱߵ¥ĳĴƮɢ

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ӹҶ泵֣ϲһһҷ·ߵ̯ϡ
Ҫ⽣˶С
ûʲôθڣؿŮԡ
Ҷˣûô˯ãĸǱһж֪ˡĸףʵ̫
ˣͬѪ󨣬Ҫã
·ʱʱ˳Ƕ࿴ۡԭֻҶ泵ĳʵ̫˾ޡ
ССͣɫɶ֪һ򵥵ͨȹҲסִָɾ޹
ɬ
ŮúãӦøеԺòҲЩ˶˼
û˺˺ÿԺô죿Ȼֽǣ˵ܡ
Զһӻľ̷ͼĽζ𳾣׺Ƶա
˵¿Ľӣδ˼ȥ
Ҷ̧ͷʱ򣬾ͼĸѾסǶӣءϿͷԭѾϵĶͷԽҲ̶ãѪ˿
СŮ֪ðǧǳĴǳŮ޷ǳ̲ܽϡ
ʲôҶ泸ϰŮ֮ģΨĸŭ˽ˡʹŽӣҲоڿԼһֱָĿ⣬Ѫ޿ײĵ޴ӡ
˷׷פ㣬ȴҿ
ϲѻǷ졣ԸŮܹһƬķϣָһ·󸻴ֻ˳˳ȡ
Ҷһ˸ý
ͬģ


19 
˾ɷ֮Ȼȴʼһ˸ҿ֮಻ҸߣֻܽͷӶ˽
·ߣҲ²ߡΨнŮи¿ҲҴ⡣Ůһ£ŮźԼһ
ҲһƣһǣΪǲʲôŴ󻧣Ǹܿס˼ҡ
Ҷ泱ȹأͷһѵǼ尾ŽӣǿͷŵѹȸаԵޱȣΡ
λ¿պԺ΢󣬲ƣֱָһ֮֮ϵͨ·ʮӣ˾ηֶΣйġԱɷڳɢĹ֮ԡ
ްȨΪΨһ֮ˣѲ֪֮ΪᱻĸŮ򶯡˼ҹ֮ǵսľΨĸ
뿤޹أûΪҵ²ġ
ѾȥүҼǰһʱͿԭһٶ²ĺӡ˲С˹ĸŮͷˡ
Ůүǵ鷳ôǸΪ𣿡
ѵʵûзӡ
ǲүպô죿
ѵĻ˵ĭһ̧ͷ
ѵŮ޲ȥ͵᲻Ů𣿡
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Ҷ泼ɶϽֵйеҾ֮£Ϊһ֮˽үĴ¡
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ĸŮ˵һߣ
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ĸŮһãη̧
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λҶҲǸˡ
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׶Ҷ˵ģ˵¶ϵҲ֪˭Ҵ¶ˮġסǿǲ¶
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Ҷ泰Ҷ泣ӦҵĽŵ࣬Ȼ֦ͷˣĴΡߣһͼŮҲҵ·һѾ˸£ⱲӶԽ
ǹĳճŮܱ֮ȵġѣ˾̧˭̧˭һ˾ܻһˡ˭ҪǸҺԣһǧַ˻ڲͶ̥ˡ
ĸ׽̹һ£һ¡ҪʲôʲôԶ塣
ЩһֱôģϴΡ
Ҷˣ

˶ѣ˷硣
ǷЦĿ㶾룬ֱֱҪˡ
Ҷ泺У͵ؿ˹ЩԶڵĿģĸо

ŮŻ£ȴǶ󣬰к˵ĶߡһϣĿܡ
һЦ˹
Ϻ¶ʱѾع֮£ʵԼ޷šȻڣֻ¶ǰʧ˷ִ磬Ů
¶ǻȥʱľܾȴŮؿ¶ϣֺݲġһ䲻
Ҷ֮ǰװǵȳĵӣһʱᶨǲܻġ῿ϣŶԷǵС֡
ѩղŲӦóġݣǣһʲô¡
ѣ֮䱾ˡ
ҶЩݣѲ֪˵ĲһʼӽԷʱ˼Ѳ
ѩѲ⣬ԺôƣԿ
仰ʲôֵˡ
Ҷԣ̾Ϣ
ɵ
˲ϲ
أȻԺӱȥ


20 
δҶǰһȺΧҶ⣬ͷܶ
֮˵ʱ
¶鷳չһҼЪһЪ
ҶЪһ·ǳҲû˭Ҳĸһ˹ȥ
ѩ͵Ͻȥ
Ȼ֪Ҷµ˭֮£򲻻ߵġִҪһȥ˵ʲôҲӲ
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Ҷ⣬޵ίķˡ
ҷӦǿ죬ȻͬλķҲһģϻŹֺҹˣͳһܾίСϱ
˭ҳŮôᣬܵǰѰҪŮҶң˵ŮҲҶңǰ鶼֪ʲôˮáһСҰܾô˸ˡ
ϾŵڣҲ˵εȷǣֻ˵Щ˼Тԣٳ޶ټҼҳţ֪ҶƶҲҪŮ¼ޣ˭Ͻʱջ˶֮¡ڿһڰ׵ߵǿáϣ֤Ϊ֤ףԭ־
ķ˵ţҪǽײ
Ѿͷסء
˿Ҷǹ·
Ҷ泺ۣҧŴһģ
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ʹ޳
Ҫ˱˰
ҶѾᣬķ˵ĿȫǺ⡣ǱңңҲԸԲŹȻӡȴϣĸΪңϧסԭǵһ˿֪ҲӦһ
û뵽ǲƣ˲֪ĿƭΪ֤Ϊ˱һң伫Ѫ֮顣ȻˣķĪҪϷҪһȥۣЩС˵ƤеȴǶ֮¡Ȫ֮£ȥүǰϸ
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÷ŮˣСҲˡ
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ԼĸŮ
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㡭Żˣô
Ȼķ⻰Ҳһķˣ˵ҪײҼǰģǾһ·ֹҼȥҲȥҾͲû˵ĵطѵҲû𣿡
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㡭ǲǣ֮ǰ˵ĻĪۡЩ̫̫࣬ࡣ˵Ҳһ˰ˣȴµġǧɵ¡ҡ΢ᣬЩ档ʲôѴ͸ңһ취òã
ĺ£ʧȥΨһѡûһ˵ÿһ仰ϲ
Ҷ泿΢ۿеĺµСһůѩʵҲֹ᲻õ͵ãһ᲻㣬᲻ÿпܣҲúûšТ˳Ѱãమʱһۿ
һԵģһԵġĿᣬӯڽޡһΪõѣһ취ʱʱһ硣᲻㣬Ҷ硭Ҳ϶ϣ޹ȥ
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νԪʵһᣬѾ˺һᡣδٷʱûбϳ΢ؿһҶ泺ߡŮһһͣߵҶ¶߳СͷǽѵһˣʱĿ
λҶӣЩûл·ˡ
ķνԪˣһȻһϲ
δˣΪֹ
νѶϼ£˵²鱾ٹϽ֮⣬־ǡҶҲд⣬ҲҪȰ˵Ѿɺͽ⡣
ղְֵô֮֡ǰҶϲȥʱþڸ
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δˣ㡭ô˲
ķˣɲ˵νԪǸЦ˶оһ˵Ŀֲ
Ц֮ƣȻеġ
Ҷޱȱ׳ķˣ˼в죬ȥҶҺ㵱ʣ𣿡
ķ˵Ȼңֲ
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ղڿ˵ˮ˵Ҫ־˳λˣνҵļҷ磬̾Ϊֹ
㡭ѪˣΪ¿ܡ
ķˣ浱ʢĹԱƫƫηǿȨ֮ĨҵҥԴӺζҶҪԼҽ׵Ϣ˭ģ浱˲鲻Щ¾㲻ģҲһС˶񣬻ҪѰĹﶼƷ
Ⱥǰ塣
Һ̻ѰݣȻᲢۣ
ҶⷬʵǺݡ
̫ˣ


21 
۷׷ף˲һƬ
˼Ҷ˺Ҷﶼ˵ˣԸһķǱԩģҲԿ
ǣղŻҪҪģֲˣָŻ˵ġķ˵ӣĪҶ˵Щ¾ġ
үҶ˻ҵĹҶﻹҵŮֲҶ˱ƵúҶףң˭ҵŮҵĶӣҲǶף
Щķ۷ڣ֪ˡ
νԪֶΣҪһ£ǼһˮʯҲΪҵӡ
˻ΣֲΡº޼ֲҵνԪֻȥͷ⣬תϺҶĸŮ
һľĸľĸʶ㻹㲻䲻ָҵĺã벻Ȼ˱ҡˣк洦
ӲĲġ
װҶ泱ᡣ
ķˣ⻰Ҳ㡣սľĸôôңˣк洦
û㣬Ϊá
һΪҺãǻҼˣҲΪҺã
֮ͥ³ղԻֻñ˳Ц㣬ĸĸߡ
ǾͼΪҺãͻ׵Դˣ˳Ϊıȡ档֪Ҽ޹ȥҽһľĸЩһĸ𣿡
Ůӣ͸
һ͸
ƫҪúúõġ
Ҷܴҡҡ׹ʲôƾʲôҪȥҲףˮҸĸδҰ䣬ΪԼ˭ƾʲôڿ˵ΪҺãȻȥ
Ϸʹࡣ
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Ͽᡣʱϸ˵ʱܾٶ񰲸ӡ
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ķ˼ŭ־ŭҶҲǸʶ̧ٵģҶ˾ȻβɲЩ˵Լ
ŵ˼ۺûһ˵ġ
ҶҪ
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ңҶ泻ص
Ǹµĺӣľĸ֪е¡Ȼ֪࣬Ӧ֪ľĸ޹ġôôң
Ȼµе࣬޹Ĵȣ°֮ôֱܹΪԱɱ߱ɱѵӦӦ𣿡
ķ˶ϵҶˣһվҶһߵνԪߡ죬һʱԹԼӦóܣһʱֺҶ˾顣
ԴҶһνԪ֪Ϸûʲôͷˡ
˫ֻأ΢лζϷʵʡ֪Ҷ˼ĻҪȤ
ôĹ治
ķˣһĵӡķˣ㵽ĻϽ·˼ſڡ
ķ˾ޱȣĲ鲻Ը˹ȥ

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ҶҶһֱűҶСô˽ϵĻ۴ޡҶȣɫе֮⣬Żá
۲ѣæСǣŴӻݡ
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òߣҶת׻ںδ˵׼ʱ㱻νԪסˡ
νԪҶЩ뵥ҶҶи㣿
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Ů˵ǹѯ𣬵ܹ黹һЩܻ䡣νԪδԶȻҶƤӵ¡
ҶлնδˣСŮмձҸŰл
лͲˣЩ񱾹ҲϡνԪ֣պȥ¿͵лˡ
Ҷƣʲô˼
νԪһĪӣʵЦ˻
ʵ¿㿴Ѫ飬ǸѼӲϲһˣҲֻǵδ˵һǣҲ㣬ɼӦмֺøС
ҶºǺǣ·е죬Լ֮ǰߵδ˵Ϲ
ϲ
ôܣ
Ҷﲻţ
δˣСŮ֪֮¿ǺεݣôܡԲҲ֪ԼмＸ򲻸ǵ롣
Ҿ֪㲻šϸ룬Լ˵³¿˵һĻǰʱ¶һ˿ԷƱٺܿǣ˵պҪһϲƺȡ
Ҷ泼ֱ˵죬ƭ˵ĹλδǳԱû¸ɣǿֲ´
ҹû˯֪ҪԼĹ


22 
ҹţҶڴԵ
һֱС˵ĻðϡѾʰ޹һͷĶ̷ȻŤԭƣ㲣ӯˮ۾ȫ
Ҷٿŵ˫ȭɣļͷ
ⲻĴ
ԣڱﺿޡ
ãá
Сѹ֡
үŮ㻹Ȣ𣿡
ŮǲһжᷢŮôܼ޽Ҷң
һеԵΪŮݣһеҲΪŮݹȥһУȴȥһС
Ҷͷֽ˽Ὣ
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㲻ŮҲȢ㡣
ү
պҶΣ
ҡԸ⡣
ԺҶϡ
˵ʧǼ٣˵ãǼ٣ͬʱࡣ
үҾѣ;Ӱ𣿡
Ѱӣҿ;ࡣһ˱ųϷʶһǨҲΪʮأЩΪ㾤ҵҵĽӦΪ٣ȥĵطƫԶЩˡ
ԲԼܵ˾ѹͬżΪڹӼĴͻȻüѡ
⣬ܿᱻżӼ࣬ʱ˱пܻųֻһţûٻؾĿܡ
Щ¶˵棬ӣҲֻġ
ҶʣԶҲãû֪£պٸѰһҺɿ˼ҡ
Ҷ泾վڴ⣬ҹɫС
ĸ̫򵥣ųǻ·һ·
ԭǵ񣬱һȫҵ³˳ҶһҽԹױųøҡ
ǲܳģǲܳҪŬھסŸҲǣҶ֡
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֪ĸ׺ҶײǺ£ĸһͷĶϷҲѹȴֹסϲû֪ʵϲˣϲ統ߵͯ磬Ĺȫģһ֮Ҫܱ޴
ҶһͷһҲѹǴԺĲˣݵ´һֱڼҵϹ𣿡
һչ˴㡣
ⲻˡиĸֵܿȻã޲ȥΣ
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ĸֻһʱѹٲҲǳԼϵһ⡣ƽϰˣȸʱЩܡ
ҶС˼ȴء
Ҷ泣Ȼôֹۡ
ҶһСͷӣЦЦûףǵֻԽԽáԵĲ˵˵ʡһڵТ㹻һ˳ĺġҲ÷·̫٣û·ɴҲõֽī̫ѣպˮ֡СģĵիĸպҲʱԵǵʲôӦ꣬ҲΪɬͬǸ롣
δѹͣڵķҲ
ҶԽѵܼ֮޽ҶңһΪҶ̫ûиҵĵŮϡʱŮ֮УΨδлԼ²䵽ͷϡȻмĸĴΪѰһ˼ҡ
Щÿͽûһβ㾡ܡȻˣÿͽʱǻܵĸɩǵİۣ·һֻ仧
ǰûʲôŮ˵ƣβһ뵽պÿ껻ԶŮ·ӵֽīҲʡãСҲܳԵģɷӦҲɿһ㣬ʧͻȻ͵ࡣ
ҶףҲһ׮¡
ʱʣ㣬뿪𣿡
롣Ҷ泵Ļشܼᶨ
ߣЩ⡣
뿪Ǹ𣿡
áһ뿪ǣôȥ߻ʵԶԸǸס
ڵҶ⻰һ
Ů˵ǺֵԽҷɵϾڼں棬ԽǶǵһһԽǲ
ҶֲԾճȭĿͣƾκˡ벻Ϊʮأ￴ס

һ£õҶϡ££ϵ·ҹƮķա
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һ
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ڰУԼĺһһ٣ͬǰ޹ġϲĺһһƳŽǡ
֪˶ãס񣬲ͣԼȻ֣ѵذǵ֮ϡ
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ĴУѪϢϸָڵϣһ֪ϵ·ͷʵͼڣÿһƬ滨
Īʼаʱ·滨
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23 
һҹ代֪Ѽء
Ҷ泼ûôۣԭͷĵʵʵͷϡĴ˶ʤ죬Ҳ㷡
ŴɰʱЪͣǲ֪֦ͷߴ֡
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ƽʶԼ˵˻æҲҶãҰ壬ĸӵ߳ȥ˿һۡҲĪˣǸ֮ᣬ˵¡һȰ÷ŮȥĸµΪֹ
鵽ǲķģҲȻߵһûƾԲĵ
ҶƲԳԷƣ֪ԼЩھ㿿˭ûңԼھлȥ𣿡ƽ˵ţƳŮ۾˺һᡣ
촽棬仪
ϧˡ
Ҷߵߣż´ͱ˵Ҷң˵ҶҲһƽҲ档һˣǱԶԶģѰû˵ĵطɱˡ
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ҶʹΪ̫ˡ
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ƽˣִһǷ
ˣҾһġǷģ˵Ļһһֲ©תȥ˵Ůһ˵תһЩΪáͷôο໵Լ
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ҶĻ˼
λүе˼

˾⣬ʯʨȻŵƺ࣬ǲͣƶй¶ǵĺ͸ꡣ
ԶĽһλһѾͷǻ˺óһʱ䡣ǹﱧһʵĶʱʱ
ʵ̫ӶѡһλϳݣѾСԼͬ顣
ԣûиˡ
㲻˵¿𣿡ϲʵǲ⣬ԼҹΪλҪ¿ȥͶġ
ҶҲܲλ¿ҹ̫ˣôҲ̽һ̽Էͼ
㲻ܹݡ
ϲƶǶüëšһ顣
ﻹδģǳˡ
֪˶ãõӶˣ˾ŵڿˡϽԼҹһۣͼԼҹﱧǸںĶǽϴ˯
ԥˡ
ǽѻǲУ
ʱνԪ
νԪԭµı飬ڿǽǵǶʱʱ񴺻ش︴һ㣬˲ʻ
שǽŴԴɫ̦µĹпǽϣǳü۴˯ӨСţʱʱСװһ㣬ԽԵ὿޺
޼
ⴺյľ˱Ŀ
ⲻҶ𣿡
ҶԺģᵽԼŵһŹǷۡһ۾üԹؿϲһۡ
ԩѾͷΪʲô
ϲ飬ͷء
νԪŲͣæסˣ´ˣ㡣
俴ҶĶϡ
ҶһĪӣģʮֿСŮСŮԺҲˣⶫ
˵ţǶǰһݡ
νԪ㽫ӹʱȴ˱Լ졣
³СӣȻҶ͵Ķ


24 
ҶģȴķӦ
ˮϴ죬Ʈİƣʱ飬һ޼ʵĿտ䣬²
ڱ˵һ֮䡣ָоںƵ﷢ţͷһֱײ֪ʱܳƽһɳ졣
ϢĹ򣬾ǧꡣ
ӹ֪Ǻǽڷ޳֣źɫİڵ˵ս׵Ľľ
˺ڰףǡ޳ɷ
ɷۣʬǧ
ҶĿмо¶ȣ˫ĮɲļԨ޵ĺڶ޵׵̶η
ԽƽĺԽǲĹŵδ֪
ԭҶ̽׵ģȻʱû̽ԷĵԼ㷡
Ҷ͸ǺνԪèץֲҴ
Ҷװߵӣͷ飬ûʲô
˭Ҳ֪͵ģ֪⵶ԼġǶͻأҲˬ£ǷζŶԷŹ
ö֪ڴڴУŮӶ˵ĳ飬ǿõӦС
ϲĵǰ¿
ιŪúأ֪ǶʲôʵҲĽﵽʲô¿
νԪ¸п³СӳһȵùΪûҶ󵨳Ůӡ
Ҷһǻ⣬һľͷ
ĺûеõ㣬ʱ̧ԶϽȥͷҶ泼üŪۡ
ֱǵӰҲҶһһǷպÿڵûˮ
ϲԼҹ⸱ӣ۲ѡҹͰ͵Ͷ¿һҲδ˵ȴϲ
˶Ц룬֪ҹвʲôֲûֻ֣˼Ǻá
вҪҹ̫ˡ
ҶصĿޱȡ
Ѿͷʲô
ء̫ˡ
Ҷ泣
ֻǲֹѡ

ߵԶˣνԪǱ߿ȥĶԷļ磬䲻һɨȻʬһƬĴ
³СӣԽη塣ͷ˵ŵСӳȣ޲ðСӵԼ׶ӡ
˼ҹĶĪ˼

׷ȥϻҶ˲ýҿҶϣԺܻסһɿ˼ҡ
δ˵Уѵýţ
˼Ҷָ㵱ýţֲңһ㱣ýء˵⣬νԪͻȻٺһЦҶƢϲȻ˵˵ͣ
ۿޡ
﷢ë죬ô
˫մѪ֮ˣǲΪá
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ʲô˼νԪɴۡСӲȢޣ밡ҵһֱߣ뱧ˡ
ɫԽ޳ϱνԪǰףλӣջûһŮ
̼ǵϲ֮λӵķǰǱЦʹ顣
˵˫մѪ֮ˣΪе֮£ƽ´꣬ڷǾ̫ء֮ˣ˼֮֡
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ʱԼش𣬲Ԥ֮
һΣԼλѣԼԼڳϵĵ۰Ӧ֪Ȼһδǿ࣬Щӵ޷
ʱĪǿ󡣡
³죬ң
νԪһ޷ޣ³²ġСӿ϶ǹģǿЦ˵ȢҶưСãȻӾ
ҵſС䵽Ҷһ졣

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һͣʱڳǰ
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忴Ҷ泣аλñǰȻЩ˵ζȴϴȥ˸ģ¶ʤһɫ˫۾ʱԽ͡
ϲɫףԼҹǰ档
ʲô
ȻǼʶһǷͷʢҶ
˵ǣȻҶ泵ɻŮӡ
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ſǰץҶ泡
ҶһѻӿĿӡ
鶯Ĺǰǡ纮ж޵Ļҫִ˲ߢռеķ
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25 
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һƬǴ,׼ʱ֪ҶŮжྪס˲֪ܻ,ֱ״󵨣˼ɲ,ȻҪ
Ҷҹﵱǳ顣
Ǻο,֪ʲ,ο໵Լ,Լ˳Ц
Ҳɼ˼ǰ㲻ˡ
,ҲǸˡ
˸пǧ,˱ϧ˵ĿⶼҶϣڽŵ׵
ҶüĿ΢֮ʱβȴ
ֶŰпССϴ,һѰĳŮӡ
̫׽֮ˣиɻ,̹治ɫ,󻹲ǾַӴŮĿ,Ƥ,ûô
ϣͬ࣬Щֻ֮ˣþ֮󣬸öԷôߡ
һ䣬Ҷ泵ĸŲ˲
ҲͬһԼôˡ
ĪҪΪѡǺεݣմH֮¡οɱԸ֮˲Ҫ֡
û¶ȵĿ⿴εĵһαװ¶е벻
ӣν
Ϊ滣Ѿ۵ס
Ϊɱ
ĻһҶ泸Ĳλ¿Ļ֮ˣɱ壬ɱӦԼ
ԣȷʵ
׵ضƤ˵ϲԼӬһᣬҲᱻɱˡ
СŮǸ˼Ǹɽѩߵ£ԭӦ뷲СŮÿԸһΨķӽġСŮ˵޲ýʳۡ
νԪĿ࣬黰ҲҪ
󵨵ŮƻŮҲδŮӣŮӲӦеƷһ
ա޾η
ܵظһأ˴
֪Щ˵öˣƭˣҲƭԼĪƭ˲ɣˡ
⻰ԣҲǾ档
´ˣߣ߰νԪ˵⻰תߣˡСһߣﻹϷ
ؿһۣë
³Сӣǲ
Ҷ泾֪飬黰˵˻ԷҲֻĻǿ裬ܲܳϦġԼܻø졣
ıӰૣһ˵˵̡̲һ֪Щ˻΢ȴԸþһȥһˡ
ĻŲδͣ

дʶѡ
Сϱʱ̫СΪմܵظĵΪԼ㲻ˡȴ֪ĸն񣬱ȶ
¡ƾһ֮ǳ˵ΡǴҶСҲܺ֡
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֮Уվñֱڡòϳˡ˼֣ԽĿ
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Ρ
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ѹֱߡ
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૵ĸˣˡ
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Ҷ̧ͷ죬ԼҪܱסһС

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ĸŮˣһֶ
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26 
Ҷ泿ƿ޵,ʵһֱ۲ı顣оԷҪƿԼûİƿ
ЩϲлС
޵ó,ڳݵ˵˼ҹΣ,ĶˣΪһֱң
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,Ѫζ
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εȿε̫
үɫ࣬û
νԪǲ
ˣ֮ɷ£ǲɷ˳٣
үȴǲ֮⣬ΥΪ˶ǳ¶ˣһľԼ
ʮ𣬹⡣
庿ɱһʱһܿ㱻ҵļְ˽̧˻ȥ
ı磬˺ģ
һߣ𾢵Ҷ泡ҶѭȥǺҫۣһʹĵŮӲ񣬻˭
һڳ˵עȫתҶϡ
´Һģ
֪òԣҲΪԼĸƽɱ˲ͷأҪ
Ҷ泵ͷˮһεڵϡ
Ҫ
´֪˱ȵζ´֪ĸо첻Ӧеصز飬´˶㣬֪Щ˵ʹࣿ´˵Ůӱӵ۸ʱΨ˳ܷܻ𣿡
Ҳ˼ֻǡ
ǣҶ̧ͷʡ㲻֪ҵĿ࣬ȴȰҿˡˡȶׯ˶¡ǰҴΪ𣬿ʲôΪƽȰŮʱҪ׸ƣмͬ
ĿڻҶΪԽԽƿأѵǰǰֺ޴װĲɣ
Ҳ޴⡣ֻٻ
Ϊλˣ´˴ȥ𣿡
ʵ̫һʹĵӣͼ⣬ݸ߹Ƴ˲١
װҶ泸ᡣ
һǧ˭
㡣Ҷƣǲ̼ĹܿࡣӦһˣΪβ̣
ʧɫ̣ôܣ
˷Ӧеĳͷ
Ҳ֪ӦãΪλȰԭ
ֻǾѾõ˳ͷҲ÷ˡȻȥ˵һǧ˰١ˣҲòˡ
˵ǡĹӾһ£ȷʵסǱãβˣȫԵ
νԪִ깫ԭӦ˳ġԴҶһ֣֪ҪкϷˡҶҶϣ֮񣬿Ҷλ˫áϧȥ̫ҲСʻ鶯
Ҷ泲񷴻ֵ·ŷ˵һʤ߼ĸŮǺˣ϶ԸĹӾʹ˳٣ΪеЦΥİĹ˵ҲġνѼ飬ĹһᱻлԺϴĸˡ
˵ʲôѾͷվ˳סԼҿȥҪεĹԼ˼ĪΪµŮӶͬһ㲻֪ߣ
Ҷ䣬Ҳˡ޷ǻͶ̥й˳߲
˵ʲôˣ
˭װΡ
Ҳϲϣһӡ
´ĹӣĹӷɷҲǺõġĹͶϣѵҾ͸𣿡
ʲôͶϣ
Ҷ泣ֱ
ү޼Ҷ泣ŮǺ澡ʧס
ǰ㵱ʲôطݵ˺Իڣ
ǿҶ泱ݵұ˵вܾҹجԳңôµģ
ԭġ
ү¶Ҷ˶й
ãԸѹֻҪõߡ
ұûУеǡ
ҪҵǮͿûбߡ
⳥׺ãүҵȻҲԸһڹµĻᡣ
ү񼸱䣬ǰôŮԭ˿ڼˣֲϣĸҲ顣
䣬¡ĹҶ̧һڼľӳطڵϣҳ
νԪ˼֪װȫͭǮ
λү湻ȱµġ
Ҷˣռݳϲ
ҶҶãټϲϲѾͷ֮Ҳ̧ӡοҺεҪ棬мǧСȥ˵Ļơ
үƶ㣬Ҷѿ
Ծһǣ⣬ߡ
Ҷǰӡ
ͭǮ
ȥ̽˴룬ҲȫͭǮ
үĿģԾһǡƶνԪ¿ãһΪҶ泳ͷ
νԪȥæҶ泳Լ֣
ҶߵǰΪ̫࣬ӣһСԽ԰ףȥʱҪεģ
վһǡ紺˫
Ƶ޵
֪⳥һСǵ˴ˣǻмֳĵķϣǾˡҶ⻰˵Ҷõģȴ˵ġǮͲԽԽá
үҪôѶߡ
һ紵Ҷ˻ΡȻ˾ȵĿУһǿڴӾ


27 
˶ˡ
Ǹɫ԰Ĺ,ȥ߼·ܲסģȴһ˺̧ӡ
㾰󣬺ε𺳡֮ݺ,ǲضá
νԪʿΪ㹻,龰Щʧ̬οүˡ
ү뵽ҶҾȻһŮ,뵽ǹ,Ŀǳһڶò֪ߵغ֮˳󡣶һûгȥ,µıơ
Ҷ泽˵ı龡۵,Щɵ˰ɡ
Ҷ,
һֱҶ,ϾŮţʲôԭҲ֪ġ
Ԫԭıȥơó,һ·ǿšۼ,һ²Ƚˤڵϡ
£ҶϡҶû£ȴǰҶһ·ؼʱ֪ԼþȻǸŮ
ЩҶһֱţΪҶٳ,һֱδ˷֡
һʱһʱ
Ҷ泾˶֪,ҶȻ΢,Ҳ˿ɲȵࡣ޳׺ݵǰ,¶һ,Щ뺦ǵ˻õһϾһ岻⣬Ҷøкɨ֮
Ŀη壬ֱֱؿү
үͫһһʮĹϸܵѹȸСԷƼЦĪ˷š·ڸٸҶңǱػὫ̤ƽ
ǼǰһΪԼͷеЦʱһ˿ڣڴһʼǾͲӦҶҡ
Ҷ泵ĿԽүϡ
λĴǺεȵǱ·Ըеλ˽
ûѡ
Ϊ
ʱҶýӷɬؿԼĽ㡣ͷһǰԳԼ֮Щ̫ڡ
Ҷ泳ͷ׼Цȥ
Ȼ߳һʹļ׵ӡ
ԽԽԸ¼ˡ
˾Ӧм˵ӣڹǰϥֺðͽᣬԶҲվˡ
Ҷ泽һ٣ȻһЩ顣
ԭͽֺĿȷʵߴߣˮʹ˭뵱ˡű˵ʧ׹ҲԹñˡǽͬĻ̥ԭǹʹԭ
ĳһΣΧԡԭİʾλһѧʱͻȻߣͬ
һΣ˵òᣬԭҲ˵òᡣԭΪԼ˾ٱػöԷԼΪĸû뵽ȴ˵˼֪˾Ӧñūʹ
Ų΢ͣʵĵ
ЩŮӣ߻ııʱЦɱʱѪЩֶѧҲѧ׸
΢΢Ȼ΢㵵г֡һ̫ƣ㽫Ƶڵء
ù´Īǲˣһ
㡭ôĵӣѾͷŭæȥԼӡ
ǼѣҲһȴᱻ׷ŲšҶװģ̾
ϲҶ񣬵ɲѾͷҲȥԼҹԲײѾͷһ¡
㡭
ù˻𣿡
һֱϷνԪҲûסЦҶҽһһϣѾͷڲͬ
˼
Ǹ԰׵ŮϣΪһСµСãû뵽Ȼǰϻ
츳֮ңǼҡ
ϧˡ
ҶñЩĸһֱ¶Լ¡ȥ֮ǰĸ׶
±Ŀ⣬̧ͷȴǸΪδ˵ڿͻ
͵ӦԼĿ塣
ŲҪͬ顣
˸ӵĿУͬϲϲԯһޣ㡰աԶ
λƣһҶõ顣
Ҷ֪ڵʲôסϸ֡˵εҲˡʵһֱûи㣬˼
㡣Ҷþ۵ȫǺ¡
ģͻȻͨˣƾʲôҪȥһ֮ĸ͸ĸ׸ô죬ܸܵô죿
㣬ģġһúõģµġ
һζãЩֻôߡұˣҲֺðͽᣬЩ˿ｫҲҪ
Ҷ棬ֲôͬԭΪ
ĸ˵һñǾͲҪίԼίˣԼί
㣬¡պ۸㣬Ҿʹȥ
ãԺ󵨸۸Ǽңһȥ

ҶϿŮһڴӻؼңòιȥЩǧΪ֪ô˲֪ܻ䣬οлпˡ
Ƿѩһ𾪵Ľͣߡ
ߵ֪Ҷ泵ֱΪѺĵҹߡһļҶңȴǺҶ泽ö˸պô
ݣ̫ȥӱ̵֣ҶҵҶ泻ĿԲſž޴ӵҶá
λޱȵĹӦ˫á
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Ӳ
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пڣҶϺܶ໰˵ȴǼ䲻úԹؿһ۴Ů֪ģûôĵӣӴ
Ҷ泿ߣü䡣һǣҶãһߣΪλ໥һ
ĳЩ˵Ҷúߵк֮ܶ˶ֲӣһͬĴ
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һӵͭǮҶǾǵһμôͭǮԼĵַҶҡ
Ҵ󻧣ƱûУҪҳһͭǮʲô
泼ôҪأ
ֹȫǲͬΪ޷ԲȥüͷԾһֳɫ
ҶĸǾôŮöԣǵ⣬ǸŮ˵֮·϶ûô̫ƽ
еˣȻϲǱǼɵǺ¡
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ҴŮӣСŵŮ޲űǵ¡Ϊһ˫Ůòȴڳˡ
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ѵ˵ҼҴŮƴܣҼҶŮ˭࿴ϱĸΪȢһĶϱ
һˡ
Ҷĸﲻ֪ĵģοɽǰ·˼档
ӣԽףֳм˸׵֮飬֪Լһ˫Ůǻϲġ
ŷ˻Ҷϲ˵ʲô
Ҷĸʱüȫɫ

ҶָԼãͭǮȫѳһСɽ
һ·Ħȭƣ׼ԶǮϾ˭ûһ˯˯ȻѣǮֳ롣
ѩҪҪһǮ
ˡ
ܺġҶѭѭյ
һ˵棬Ķ
ﲻƭ˵棬һȤ
ɣҹͬͭʲôģⶼǵͼĻơҹǹĹܸ¡
һ죬ͱҶ泶˻ȥ
ɣҲһ˶ÿ졣
ߵͷôͭǮҶ٣ͺɣÿ԰æ
Լҹﶼͬˣɣ˵ʲôﲻ⣬ԼҹҲñֳҶħ˵ʲôʲôҲ˵ҶﲻãǾҶԹﲻ̫𾴡
һӵĹΧǶǮɽԡҶϽãͣжϲϲѾͷ
ͭǮϿ̴ʢͨÿһǧһΪȡúͼ㣬Ҷһĳһ
һͭǮѷһߣѳСɽ
ڣǿ֪֣ҶͻȻʡ
˶
ҹʱ߳ɻشߺ
Ҷûסҵѩﱦ˵ڣǴϲ¡
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ҶЩζ¶ＫáԼڴߣѵѾµã
ˣ߱ǽ곤ꡣ
Ҷ泺ε񣬵õͷﱦ˵֣
Ҷ㣬ҲǴı
ҡҲ֪ǲ念ǣ
ǳ٣ڡҶ泽иմõǮףȻɽסȥغ֮ŵڣһ˯˯ԼѣǮֳ
Ůǲ⣬Ȼ
ʼ̫ĺɣʱǴ𶯡ǸѾͷ˵ǹǰĴѾͷҲǳԹġ
˯ˡ˯ԼѣǸöã˭Ǯֳ࣬Ҳǿġ
Ҷ⻰ʵǻڣ˵Ŀϡ
ҶСֵٵ֪ʱģظԼҴ߰æǮ
ֶʶҲȫҶֻǺ档ۿŰʱȥС˶һûߡҶ泾ȵǣǮȻûһǴġ
ֺֻ֪ԵСܣĪǸѧţ
Ҷģϸ۲졣
˽ʱ룬ǽһͭǮ꣬ǧʮΪһİʮġ
һѴõͭǮ˽ǳɾ͸
ҶĸҶѱ÷ˣԭƴǣҶ泼Ļÿޱȣɬ÷
ȹķˣҶҵĻʳ̫ѰҶĸϴǼ򵥵ʳҲζ
֪ĶˣҶҵķ˺θڣ߱˰롣ԭ˼ȴҶ泺ҶýԼԵĶ࣬ȵͬʱܿͻ
뿪ʱлʳʱʵĻ
Էþòɢһδƽһ⣬֮ȴպҪδ㣿ʲô³̣
ЦұңȥҶ泴鰧պҾҶңúõҵҶҴصһģ顣
ﾹǴĴ㡣
ߺۿʲô
ʵ̫˻·¶֮󣬻ơƲɣ
ͳŲȥˡ
̫ˡ
ҶЩ̣װͷĹᡣȻ뵽λ¿˵Ļٻ˵ˣƭ˱ˣһҲƭԼ
һʼȷʵ顣ŶõĹѱʵ飬ϲλƵŮ
ôأ
˵Щ黰Щտ֮٣ĻƭԼ
ġ
ߣǳΪѪ顣
Ҳ࣬ۻ𡣡
ֻҪܻٿҲ
ΪǿջЦοԼԽѹȻһƵͷȢǸöá
ͷһΪ֪ǲܵġ
ٱ֮ʣҶһԼִõͭǮ˵ͭǮպã
ɣҲͭǮһʮҶԸģһ࣬Щۡ
ϸ룬֪Ϊ벻Էǰģ
㻹ǵҶǰô𣿡
ţһ㶣ȻҡͷǰвĹ⺦ҡѾǰˣֻ֪ڵܺáϲңҲϲ
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ôҲѧҶʲôϲϲġ
ߺ߬ǴͭǮҲ֪ΪΣǰ˵ĻǾ˵ڵġ֪˶ãоԼȫǺ΢΢ɿһЩ
˸ͶԺߡߵ֮ͻȻͣȻѧҶ泵ӽǴͭǮȥ
˵öԣȷʵĪ˯˯ԼѣǮֳ
ͻȻɣԼҹһѡ
̧ͷȥֻĿбӵ԰ķȥһ£ԼͭǮǴͭǮĽűߡ
ŵһҶȫ
ɣҲɵˣһֱСĽ˿졣¹㲻ľٶȥҵһ
겻ʱֻͻȻǴͭǮߡ
úá
߾ԼΣ粻ûͭǮͰ͵˵һлл磬·
ɣղŶǲǺ˵ˣֱˣżʺɣۿˡ
ɣҲ⼤ĵͷһء
Ǯúá
ûûǴǮͻȻֿЦҵͭǮҵĸǡ
ɣøǲǵĲ̫׼ȷʵࡣ
ϲУԭһǸͷð
ĺϲΪҵĶɩǸöá
ǲ֪Ӱ˶á
һ٣޳ָ°ͣƺвЩʪ֮У۵էӿ
ǸڻԵСƭӣǼƻġ


28 
԰ǰͳǰסԺ,ԺʮĹۣС֦Ҷ衣
һλĸߵһ£׵Ļķ,ѩƮĻɿʵݾǻ֮ɫ
΢ĽŲ,ûͷҲ֪˭԰˹أΨǸӶˡ
滨,˲ڡĸǻ,񳤴˶һ棬ضʮο
ĬȻ,֦ͷ
ʤѩ,Ƿï
˵Щǵĸ,ĸʱֻ,δ졣껨Ŵش˶ۣϧԵü
ûмԼĸףĸȥ,ȴһֱڡ˾ʱ,ǴӲ
˶˵ĸװͳıޱȣıԹˡھ˾˵ĿУĸһ˫ĺý㣬ڸ׵׷,һޱ𾴵Ůӡ
ĸΪǿϻ۵Ůӡ
ӻת,Ӣ,ĸ»»űԼߵĶ,ǰ·Ǹ绪Ůӡ
Фĸ,üá
ĸ׻ڣضޱȻϲ
ĸǷĲ㣬ҲСˣҲȢӣο֮顣
»ٲֶӵ£ӴСǱģͬײסһӦˣֲ棬б¸ӹϵֳ࣬ٳδָ飬Ļ˵
ԣԺͻȻһ
ޣȴα
һֱΪĸǵȲŮӣض࿴һۡȴû뵽ػһػǰηŮӡ
˵ĸͨ͸ڣ֪ϲʲôĶϱС˵˻˵һǣǻ˿ġ
ʲô
ǸСΣθɣ
»΢
ѵλҶ˵ǹﵱ˵Ϊ檣мְǡϧ̫ͣʹϲֻ±Ҳͬ⡣ǵ˼ҹȻ񣬻Щ롣
ѩλҶ⣬ǵ˵ĺãǣҡ
ΣҲ⡣
»˵ʧһӣ´ѳԵ¼ָ飬ˡ佫֮ŮϲҹҪҸʲôŮӣ
ϱӾ˾ȥʱ˵ԼԲʱгӻ˳ǻΪۡΪʱҵҵ䲻ǧԵסɽϡΪź±δܿȢӣȪ֮޷ͬĸ׽
סǸӶİ·ǰӲйԻ⼸ͬ˵ĻϱӼҪࡣ
ֻǸײ֪ǸƻСƭӣɲϲƣװǵģ
Ц˿壬ԱĻƭ
˵Բȴѡ
ҪǸСƭӽҪճ
һƬ滨ƮƮȻͷˣȴδַȥ
صԼԺӣа
ţݳ䡣ȥ˷Ը䡣ûĹһӱ̧˽
ӿ̴̻ĳ
أһ򼴿
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Ŀ֣маԡĻŮӣǵ΢ȴ࿴

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ҶѹʱǱߴĶֿϵСܣԼеż
ֲܵͣܵ顣
һֱûϢҲ֪ûѰʵķӣóͷָҷȥˡ
ϲڽ
ԴҶûΪ½л죬ϲ˽Ҳٺǽ
ϲź죬Ȼһ·Сܡ
ū澸˵¿ܷ͵¡
ҶüϳǼʱϢͨ˵Ϸ£ҲŴߡ
ŶǺ¡
ū˵¿˴󹦣Ϊ̨ͨĶʷһзʲôʲô
ҶѹȵĶֹͣ彩ס
˵ʲô
Լҹ˲ɫӣϲΪԼ˵˻Ϊ¿¡
ū澡ūҲ˵ģ¿˹

ˡ
ղ˵̨ͨĶʷһзǵǲǽ
ǽ֡ǲ֪ˣ
԰һϢܻǼʱ֪ģ
㱼䣬Ҷ¡
ЩڣһʼˡһֻޣԼԼڵĿӲѡ
ȦΡ֮󣬾֮Ȼܳһη޾壬ߵЩô죿
լȻҲסһˡ
ϲԼҹûйʵʱҶ˵ָŷ棬Ƕա
ȻĿͣΪ俴һȫܳڴ˵صˡӰ䣬ɷ֮
ģ¸һţȻŵû겻塣µؿĮȻ·͸һУһоƿ֮С
Ŀ

Ҷ泸оԼȫ׹ߡ
նף湦̨ͨվ飬ǰնаǰЩӸûλ¿ҹ͵Ϊľв̽
Ϊߣ
л˵
ǣһ¿ʼָ׼¡
ÿ㣬ɢŶ~


29 
,
㣬ôˣ
ϲŻˡ
ҶҲŵòᡣ
ԭϲλүйؿ,⣬һ겻ӡ
ȥο,ȴƼٿسȥ
Ҷһţǰ·,·տ,ﻹ˵Ӱѵˣۻɣ
ȻǰսǴһĨϤӰһ,ҧҧ׷ȥһֱ׷ȥԶ,û׷ϡ
˳,ԶԶе,ɽԶԶЩ·ԶƮɽ
Ҷδ,վں̶
ó,ġеһжԶȥˣشƺֻʣһˡ
ϲҲ׷һһһ
,Ҷ泲Żһ㣬ǹ塣
λ¿,ַ,ӦһƳĲ֮ԭլŮ,޽,ȻܿԼԭĲͬ˼ܡ
֪ǰѼٵ̽黹˾ٱ϶²⣬϶Ҳ֮ˡӦ֪ձ֮´Ȼµ
Ϊβܻ
ֻܱܵˣ˲Ųй¶ȥԴǰûšͬ⣬֮ºΪλŹ˼תһʱһʱǰ㣬ϵ¡
ʵǣš
λ¿δҪ
彥ůϲһЦЦϲȿ޻ѿϲڲѣԼһʱûס¿Լҹʧǡ
ͶߣҶһֱ˼ϲսľ
ԼҹﶼãΨһ˵ģǱһ¿£ͿʼһƵġ
ţҶĿסĳط
ǴǸ·˵ӣ˭
שǽص̦·һͷңӵƺԶܹա
ĺԴɷ֮ߡ
īɫĹٷˡǰźɿҰ˸ҽ
ۻ

Ѿ˴֪λȴأԣ
ʢһ˾֮ŷɥµбҪǰαװ̹ԶԣǷ
һǱȥ

š
˲̤أΪڴˣ
·
һ·
ڱǣ˾ϱǽ紦̨ͨڱǡȥôҲܾſڡ
ſСŮʤϲ
һ䵭
Ҷ泽ʾ֭˼ڤ롣벻ͨΪοȥһ鵭ӣ벻˵Щʲôá
ѵֱĸоΣҪҪ飿
нʱŮӣλ¿ȻδȢҲ֪ʲôʱģûгӣһϵ࣬һֱҲδȢޡ
𣿡
º񰮣Ϊ߼縺ءնаԴ
˵նаʱ۾ȴǿҶ泡
Ҷĵˡ
һֱ⡣
ҲǼ飬Ҳа뿤һ
𣬲֪ǵд䣬ǰ֮䡣Ǵĳ˷
Ҷʶɪ壬ż򵥵Լֵںڵķδκη٣Ǳһӣشǰ
ͫӳģޣ֫ϸ¡ͨڲסɳֵ
֮ȴĻ
ûߴһСǡǻعʷЩ֮񣬽Ϊּء
һ飿
ü΢ʾ˵
ҲǴ˼ˣǰĵطһʱգҲǧ֮Ҳ֪ԼΪλԭλҶҴȷʵѾڡҳӵ壬һӵļ䡣ҼȵĶݣ˼ȫҶˡ
Сﲢػһأǽʬꡣ
ͽ򽻵ֱܷ˵Ǽ١Ů˵ʱ˫΢ǣȻ֮״˫ִ࣬޲С˵ԭλҶҴʱлһĨ
˻ĵȴƺ
ڹ۲ҶʱҶҲи֪
λ¿˵Ļ
СŮ󲻹ƽǰð֮ʵܿˡңСŮպضУͻ
ƽֽͣŵǴǰڣСŮֻһͨòͨˡûԺյݣҲûйҰġǰ󲻹һȣֻƽݸ߹ƶˡСŮ΢䳾ҳǽ裬Ҳ޷졣СŮ΢ֵ࿴һۡ
ԱᣬЩ̡
ѲǵԼжûΪĳĳԽ곤ԽǳŵݶһƬѩãã
ǰŮӣԭӦҲʮжӦñ곤ࡣϸ˼ƺЩԴС֮ӡ
ȻԼЩЦЦԼһջشȴı䲻˳ĺǰŮӣֻصĹ⣬֮ʡ
Ǳ飬ʷ飿
ǡҶһɣһΪʢСޡߺƽĶ¡
Ȼǻ
֣ίʵЩ¾˻ĵ֮£ǻüħĵȻˡ
Ҷ泾ӦòɱԼǿʶնǧꡣ
ǧꣿ
ɻôá
ǰŮһۣתˡ
ȳ񣬶˵һʯ쾪ĴСҶȴĪıӰЩ¼ţ֮˱ã뷲Ĺǡ
ǸߴʤλүδؿġֻЩͨգԹӵܺεˡȳϦĿˣûʸͬˡ
ϲԶŰһ
¿ô
Ҷ˼ڴҵġ
ϲޣҴĲԽԽˡĴÿΪѾͷӦô̼ӡ˵ѣֻҪܿҲԸһԡ
ū澾֪үһģôã϶򶯣ġ
ҶԣЩЦá
ϲѾͷĹ
ԱȫϲãͱŷĸжҶ泱ͷĪᣬۿҲźˡ
ϲԽԼӣǼ˿һ棬Ȼôϲ
ʱҶҲˣӣ۵òС
㣬λү˵ʲô𣿡
ûС
Ǿͺá
Ҷ룬λ¿ǰãѹִ˳ա
㣬ǻȥɡ
ҶõģЦһ¡
Ҷúϲһ֪أǲ˵ȥҶĸҶ϶֪ǽڼƵûţȥ͸˸
ҶֵһϢΪҶǵһλϷӡλιӼĽѧʿѧʶԨ¸ء
һϢǻϲѡ
Ҷصظ٣׼һӦҶȥݷλ
Ӷ˵ļſڣҶż˻Ӧһλͣ˵زˣҲѧ
Ҷ󾪣˵˵ġԺ̸ԼҵĶԹгǵõʱʮߣǲҵо֤ԲηǿȨһҶѧ
û뵽һĹ򣬾ıʡ
ʱΪǲأϸ֪顣ʱԷɫãһϦ֮Ͳ
ҶʱΪϲۼ龰ǲµ
ͷǾɥ
£ɣΪµķӡҶοӣʵǲУΪԽ㣬Ȼᵢѧҵǰ̡
Ҷͷûޡ
ӶֵһᣬҵĴɽա
Ҷ̾һ׼ӻؼҡ
ûԶӭһߡߴӱ﷢һΪм˸Ӷһۡ
˵˲Ƕϣ㲻ʦѧĸҲաȰǻĵĺãı·
Ҷϳˣλȶѧĺӡ
һŸӶˣҵˣ˻к³ҺҽףðͽֺáȻҺ˺ֵ÷׷ؾ֪Ҷ޴
Ůûһ֪׺һ˵ţӽѧǲлҶӡ
ۺ졣
ҶǳĺӣʱҲ˼ԭڱ󵷹λҲ֪ûбۡ
С˵־ơ
λӱңȻ˿
ԭ޲޵µĺӣʶӵܵĿСˣȻΪʦҿ㲻ʥ飬Щ󵼵ӵܡ㺦˲ǳ֪ܣǷеİ࣡
ЩŮ˵ġ
Ҷʱ˵÷
ȻķŭΪβŮҵִ˷ֱ档ʵǿȨ֮޹ʣ˲²졣
侮ʯģҲϵҶ˵ȴʹ졣󿿵ңҷԺλڡ
ҶҸӣһڹӼżѹһѧϲˡңһٶǻãֱΣ
һ޷ѧѧǰ;ԡ
һٳܴѹˣᱻ
˵ʲôûϷһʣǾͲһˡͷֻ뿪ǣҲǵۡ
ҶȻ֪ԷΣԽߡ
ҶͻȻ㲻ΪʦΪԼѧϰе裡סҲٷΪʦ
ЦСӼղǵˡǰԺʱ幫ߵһūŻ硣
СӣҪ޵ʱ򡣡
ҲŲޣƫҪЦ
һ˭Ц󡣵ȵҶͶ·ǿ޵ʱҶ˳ʵعǡ
λļǰʱ¶һ˿ġλȷʵǸӲͷϧӲĹͷҲܲ˼ǵǰ̡
ǣ˸Ҷ
ʹ֮£һƣ
ޱȳ죬ŻʫۿſҪߵ֮УͻȻǰһڱʲôס
гҲ˶סˡ
һʹú
оԼˡ
˵мɾҾҪۣ֮͵ۡ۵λصҽлȵͣΪԼڽˣû뵽һƹֱӱιȥ
խСһ˫û
㣬˾Ͷ𣿡ʻҶáΪ̫ղûж֣ҲһСĳ
ͶɡشҶ泡˵ľּзִ硣
öǸҶҸӺţԭҶ泲ģ˻ʹû뵽¶ˣҹȻ
λӣ򲻿졣
Ѱӣżǽ׵ĺһﵱУ˭Ҳֻͬһ
Ҷ泽ľҲһӣϵĻҡ
Ҷõǿʹֽѵһ
ٴ򣬹ɸʮ¡ٸҳQǻкùӵ
öһЦ󷽷ߡһһ˭ҲΪǸղſڴˡ
ߵڣ㿴ǽЦЦνԪνԪ󣬻һλŰµӡ
ǰӣ


30 
Ҷĵ,ɡ
ղ̹ԶԣҲλ¿ǰǵĵλ֮ȥ,˭벻һĹٴ,һ֮
ȻԼõһӦٶλŷɥĹԱ,ҲǵĹϽΧڡ
λҶҪȥνԪǿ,ʵһȻһЦ˵λҪȥ
ҶЩ,ϳλͳ,Զھ,ǰλδ֮
Ц,ֹСҹ䡣
񣬵ϴ
Ҷ޼Ҷô
νԪ,Ҳ֪ҶôŮŲ㽿Ĺ,һһ˹Ŀ࿴
˵Ҷ֮ͣòϻϵһֻλҶֻһСĲ
Ҵ򡣡Ҷ泻һʱ,һõ
˫ӣϬҶø,Сɷ,Ŀڡ˵Ӳ,ɲδΪ˵ѡ
νԪЩ,ôλҶװġǼԷɫ԰ףģһɵĻҲ˵ڡ
죬ִˣ
Ҷԣһ
ǲ滵ģҲú˵
ͷĥνԪ̬ȡνԪݣžӦץһΡҶԷһڵʻǵӣӦòץǡǰҲڣòӣ»£ȫһ֮䡣
ŸΪԼʱ˵£δٲԽְ
ǲܵ˼
ҶһЩм
ԼЩΪ˵վԼΣԱ԰֮ɧŵ˵Էһٸ
νԪסһվֱ
ôΪЩ죬λҶ˳һĵģΪν˰ֹءг죬Сӵ̬˵ʲôߣǾò̫Ծ
̨ͨĶʷĪ˵Ǿ£ǾһӦҲвֵȨ죬˽
񲻾٣ٲδ޹ʶСδ˼ģȥǿѯһ֪
νԪһҭ³죬ž㵱ˣƸ
ƾʲô
֮󣬴Сÿ첻֪ж֮£ĴССҪܣҪ˼ҽҲΪֵܳŲӡ
ЦеؿŽǿЦǸϽȥҽݣĪҪˡ
лȥ
ߵԶһЩҶòʵ㣬λδ˻᲻Ҵǣ
ᡣ
Ǿͺãδһˡ
ҶĵνԪǸù٣δǸˡλͳ⣬˵޼֮£ˡԷд˵ɱ¾̫أǿ֮
ҶüĬԽλ¿
˶¿ɷֶκݾ顣Ϊ÷ſүŹǣҲƴеǰѪ顣
ѵΪԵʣ
Ҷ泺εۣܿʲôЩı䣬˲֪飬ҲҪһĽ͡
ǲңղΪûдŻͿ˵
ûû
µģ㲻ʣҲ㡣Ҵ̥һ𣬱Ѱøܣ˭Ҳ㡣
Ҷ˲ʪۿСм꣬Ǵӱ࣬ȻǴ۰á
ҶܲЩСˣˣҶҲˡ
ͻȻͨˡϲԼ£֮ǰԽֵ˾֪ǸȥෳաԺҲˣһĬĬϲȻԶ
㡣Ҷõʵ̫ˡΪԭ֮һġ
ҲģҲѹҶᣬȥŮ鰮ණֵϧػ˵ˣ˵⡣ʲôҲȥ룬ֻúǣһ˺úùӡ
ҶصͷޱԼһ
ſʱһšŲͬ˵ò˵ж࿡ʤڸɾˬдżҰ׵ĵݡ
ҶϳӣԺλ˵ķӡ
ϲǰ˴к֣صл
ϳһҽܡ˵ԼչԺټӣ˴ΪҶ
޹׸ʦ飬ѧʲˡҶѧдʦѧСðǰͬҶѧ໥УǱ˴⣬ɽʦ֮ꡣ
ѩ̼
Ҷ泴ϲϽȥ
ҶҶǰһңŵϢӶ𾪡λûʵѧ˼ԸʱţҶҵĶˡ
Ҷ泰Ҷеһߣز׾
Ҷһ㶣صͷ
ԺʱİСأ̫㣬»⵽Ĵѹ̫ڡ
˸Ҫ֣̽ҶֽԼСƵӵǰӣҼСҲɵͣһУ
ЦӦ¡
һǿǲ¡
ҶԼĴŮһۣЩ׵ķûŮܵСȷʵҲɵͣ£պҲҷӽѧá
һʱҶķڿˡ
ȳҶıܵԼҴߣĵ˵ԼҪֳһѧˡС˶ΪѧǺ£Ѱȫ˷ܡ
ȻҶ͹ӳһԼҸ׵ı飬Ҷ泱֪ӶȻûʧڼһֱҶ
츳ߣʵҶҳƲϹĿЩ츳֮ˡ
ҶһֱڣؼңҶ˵ĵһ仰޾֮·ڶ仰ǸС
ȻԹӼΪ⡣
Ҷѧҵ䣬һ˶ܿġ
ҶѵЦ⣬ԸˡҶСȴܸ֪աһʱΧĸ֣һʱڸǰҡͷԱ־źòϲ
ҶСֱˣʱóԵġԼҴ㻳УԼԲĶƤɷµصͷ
ڸҶҵ죬ô¶һ˿
ȫӰ죬Ժְҽ¼ҰҶҲԶҶϣԼĶǰ̣Ҳ뺦˱ˡרȥݷùһӦȫг
ԭΪһʱɢȥ֮ػĳ˿δҷ˵ԼмҵףΪ嶷ѧƾϲá
ˣҶȫġ
ֵܶ˽ѧǰһ죬Ϻõıīֽ⡣˼գֵܶѧҵ֮ҶҲ˻ȥ
Ҷҵ˹ţȴûֱȥԺǵϡ
ɵĴɺУ׵Ĵ̥ѩ״Ļ䡣šɺеĸӣĿǾӨ͸ĸӣŵ㡣ڸһֽдŴΪ;Ա߻һŷŻС㣬飺Ө͸ߣʤѩ
޳ַɺУе׿ѩ֡
ֻʵġ
ǸСνԪΪһ磬ѩﾧӨ͸ࡣ֮ǰڿ˵ǴӲ˳޹
ҲûС
Сװ߽˵ϲòȡ
˼ˣԾȣܿ˻

յ°֡
˪
ʤѩӨ͸ߣΪдʫ˪֣ѩ˵ô𣿡淺ۣߵ
߷ƣĸ
ۣĸŮ˫áƽͣ鵭ˮһϮ׽ɫȹؾȴ塣
ȷʵ֮ãλҶﵱ涮㡣
ûңĺϲ
ﰮؿԼŮλҶģҺòӣⵥŮᱻȥ
ཻڻϲܻϲڣ֮ĪΪԼ
ǼһҲϲġ
ЦǰҲѩ˵λҶÿÿἰ̡ȴĶ໶ϲҲ֪ԷĻǼ⡣
νɽ׸ıƣλҶĻͻȻѩûйѣѵýôһϲѣٹ۲һʱΪá
ܳΪҵĶɩǾͺˡͻȻиж
ֵһŮĶͷ֪ϲλҶֻһŮġҶ̫ͣ檶Ǹʡƽ֮ǧɽˮܳΪġ
͹ӡ
ãҲֻ檡ǹӵĴѾͷС͹һ𳤴󣬹ΪȢޣ˰ͳЩϷһֱȰңûͬ⡣Ϸ˼ϲҲϲѩڲסһ𣬵ʡǷǡ
ĸŮ׽ÿÿദʱҪ̺򣬵Ҳõ֮ĶԻᴫȥŮޱȰ
˲̰ģ֪㡣
ĻԺĪ˵Ǵȥ˻Ϊǲſá
߹һЦʡá
ֻѡ
ɩպһ˵ҲмûˣҲ֪û
뵽Ī졣

һҹɳɳҶһزС
Ҷ泲֪ԼģһΣͻȻ侪ѣԼԼƺڽ
ʶۣо

ˣ
ǲϸϸܣѾ֪˭λ¿ڶ롣˲ȫѣûмװ˯
īǰɡǰϣϵĲˮ䣬Ҳӵصһǰơ
ѣ֪ȱ衣
ԭǸġ
Ҷĵ֮ӣȻ䲻ССĴֲ衣Ҳ飬ǰ
͸һ飬
Уλ¿Լûɱġ֪̹ãͻȻ󷢴ȱġ
лл
лΪһ裬ǲɱ֮
һ裬һ˿šԲ󣬲ǹСߵľ룬˴˶Էӡ
δڣһ̷ůữ٣е価۽ǡǡ綬ȥ
Ҷɢŷ֮ɫĶСڶϵһȦëԭüۣһůɫ˵Ľ
ССڵ裬ˮ䣬ҿζŨ
֪˶ã
ɷǷͬ
ǲͬѰŮӲˡ
Ҷ泵ͷȷʵͬ
˵
λ¿ϵĲ˯ȡһһȨȨıˣǾҵڡ
ǰֻһͨˣҲɷרҵ˵һЩճгķɷ棬ԼһЩİ
ˣһ˵ޡ
ü棬ʱʱһ䣬ֱҪ
ɷǸطһӦʢͬЩʮʢȴ޷ʩС
ԽҶԽܲסǾǰˣҲֲסܹлƤҲûҪ׼Լһʱ˵վ͵
ȥЪŰɡ
лл
Ҷɴ⣬֪˶񣬵ʵ˵̫ãõоԼ춼ưˣԸһŽ
һߣ̴ŹǷ˵ڴûĹ硣
ӺǸȥȥˣȴٴϢһ˫ҹӼõۣܽ˯˿
ѻ˿ɢڽ͵ͷϣϸĲӨһ㡣Ů˯˲ãױ߶ıӱѹţڱ⡣ɽ͵ľ˱˵ۡŵ񼫰ҹʢ꼻ļ޼ƻġ
һ𶧷ֱߡ
ҹѯɷѡ
Сıˣռ


31 
Ѹ,Ҷ泻ӵ˯
ϲΣ˯ĬĬȥԼҹ˵Ϊ֮Ī˯˯ԼѡϷ˺ͷ˶,һѾͷŲôûɫֻǴһ˯ÿ湻ãۿŶʱˡ
ȴǲ֪,Ҵ˵˴ҹĻ쵽˯
Ҷһʱ,ããȻʶ˲,һĹǷҹܿ϶ԼСǰȫˡ
ӵʱ,ʲôһ¡Ʊȥ,һ𶧡𶧳ɫ,ҫ,һġ
ⲻҶҵĶҲĶ
ڴʱҶѾ,ԣһȥ,ϵĶȥ͵ı棬ǿóȥΣ¹ҲмӦ¡
ȴм־ȣڹԺ´Ƶģһν,һСʯóЩ껻ȥֻסµɫѡú,ʽµ,ͨ
,Ӧµġ
ĪΪһЩ,Ըѣ˵λ¿ͨʡΪǮ֮ʣǻӭԷˡ
ôһ𶧣ԸҶôһΡֻǽ·˵壬ε»һٰ졣
պãŻϲ
ϲã˯Լѣˣ
ҶЦЦڵĲֹ˯ȻѣǺĹϵչΪ״̬һֱల£ٺò
ϴţӼѧģҶ̧˵ҶڹӼ౻ȡ
ҶҶʱҳһš
ҶѵģɫΪѿ˵ȷҩʱֻ˽һ죬轫һʱա
Ҷĸ˼£ûʲô¡߶߶˵һЩ£޷ҶСʱԸϰ䡣
ҶϵûޣۿȴһֱǺġɷǼ죬иʲôôһСǺá
ЩѧȥҶҵޱȡ
Ҷţ۾һֱʶ֪СҲǸٳͷࡣﲻ֪Լ˴γΡúõܣô˵һƫƫ֮ʱǵʱһ£˵ľͲֹȡ
ĸ׵ĻЩԼΪβԸϰ䡣ֲǲǸܶ˵ƣܻסԼ޶
ǰΪŷƷΨжߵЩڹٳԸֺ֮£ԸЩӪ֮Ϊ飬ֵõʲô
ףӿʧޣ
ȻŮʡ
Ҷ˶ֻ⣬Ҷȴô롣
ŮȻ뵽һһӣùԺͲ²⣬Ǳ֪ǺΪ
Ҷ۵׷䡣
е·
ҶҳƲҵСҶܸоǵġǸһݣ˵Ҹ
լӣͻȻࡣ
Ҷ۾Ŀʱ͡Сĵط˼ĵ
үγ£²򵥡
ô죿
ҲˣҲ˺ˣ޻ͷ·ߡֻһС뾩ҲˡմΣҷǲŹǡ

ô˯
ﲻҲû˯
ȥ˯
˯ţ˵ҶѾǰվűҪ߳ͷ
Ҷִͳĸף۰ŮĬĬСŮǵĶҹǵأΪǲŮӰĸ
ǷԹ
ûС
ԭһʸ֦ҲδԼĸĸ
γ£ǲңҲҡ
ʡãĸҲ˵ˣûʲô¡
ǲģ
ʹǣҲ֤ݡ
ֻ֪Ҳ׼̡Ϊ̵һʱ̲һȫˡ
Ҷ泵ĻҶľʲôʱ𣬴Ůơ˳˵ĸǿǷΪ̫űƵŮòǿ
ͻȻھޱȣʹ޳
ʲôǾȥɡ˵˺һǻȪһٲûȥصžۡ
¶ģŮ֡
ûãȥ֣ȥ
仰Ҷ泾ͷˡ

ҽ¶࣬һ޹ءүһ糣ֻԳԺȺȡ
ɫһѳԺúȺãһߴűһߣյʱʱͣ·ߵĻݲݣʮ⡣
ͻȻ˵ǰ̧ͷۡ
Ž⣬ǰŮɫ绨£˪׵Լ͵ĳȣΪ֮̾
ӴⲻҶҵŮ
үɷһ˵
˵ʲôصġҸʲôһ羲һЩĺãһ㣬ҸպȵľƶҪ³ˡ
Ҷ泽˴żɽ
ҪүİһӦϣšǸһҵĲͼ
ү۾üʲô˼¡
ŮĪǷˣ
ˡ
㡭ʲô
ʲôǸĳЩһѵ
㡭֪֪Լ˵ʲôôܻ㣿һңɱɱģʲôˡǳ㸸ĸ϶ҲòУ˭ŮҲǵù
үһʹļ׵ģŻһΪĳü֣һҪߡ
Ҷߣǰ档һ仰ﲻ
⺢ӡǿѡүƻδѵӣҡͷЩվȣһֱǻ
ǲԸ⣬ֱӾܾǡ
Ҷ֪ԼĶˡ
үѵ㲻Ϊĸ𣿡
үԭۣ˲ӰؿǰŮĿȫǾ̽
ӣ֪٣
ҶҵλϷ˿ɲʲôõĸһ붼ûĸѲǲүһ翴еĶߡ
֮УΨ̫үһֱδˡҵ񣬼ҲɹټӣеϵѪԴҵλүǸƳҲ֮ˡȻ;˷ҲôҪҲΣڶһ²ָ
˵Ҳ֣λ̫үɵ࣬ԺȴûˡԭֻЩҴ
Ҷ泵㵽ΪֹɲүҵĳµģҵЩʱմ֡
Ҹ׳µ£ӦҲ˵ˡϷ˲ǻ·ֻѵһѵӦ𣿡
Ƭ̵ĹүѾָ֮ǰǰѬѬӡС˵СӻʲôѵѵģԴۡǴܸ֣Ͻȥɡ
һţһ߻Զ

ڶʱ֣͸ҶһšûڣŵһСؤСؤҶ泵ǮϲЦտˡ
һŲͼδκε䣬ǵСŴһߣԱд֣
Ҷպţңҵķ
λүǸ˼ˡ
ʱ̣ƿǵСš
֮Ĳޣ˴һ˵жһǰҶáҶ棬Լʱ
棬ΪвͼҶ泺׾ҵСⷿȷе˵λϷ˵˽⡣
׵£û֤ݣܱ٣ưͿҲóԡȻˣҲҪöԷ֤ݣòưͿı
֮ʣʧںڰС
һ·˳Լõʱһӳ
ͣҴߡеһ·ҶͻȻòԾĿȥǰһƬᡣ
ڰУ˳
Ҷýޱȣ廹뵲ڽǰ档Ҷ泸֪˵֪Ϊηһ
߽ˣҹɫҲܿ˵ʵǧʻ㣬ݴ˵Ŀ˫
Ҷ°ôɷˡò׻Ĺϵ᲻ٴԴƵĽ֣
㡭¿ô죿ҶС鱻¿ײˣץȥٰɡ
Ҷ֣£¿ɱ޹֮ˡ
⻰˵ڣƺ뵽ʲôºû޹ɱˡ޹֮ˣողŷ˻
ҹ䣬ŲĵʹߣīīĮȻڳ˵ģеȴ׷ɷ֮¡
˵Ǽٵģ˵ҲǼٵġʹҶ泲ͣԼ֮ѴĳֹʶԷҲɱ޹֮ˣȻҵġ
޹ءӲãɷߣ
Ҷȷʵûв£Ƕ㲻ȥҶϣܱȫá
ҶƴҡͷòУҴ㡭
ôһԣ˫ӣͬͬͬͬͬͬҲһ
һ֣ƾճһˡ
Ӱһ㣬һѵصİ
Ҷȥ
Ӱǰ
Ҷɿõ֣㲻ҪģҲµġȥ֮ĪҪˣǵøš
㣬㡣
ɵѾͷʲôһиʲô£Ӧ˶ûСԹԻȥҡ
Ҷ泽һƣȥ
ȥģ
ҹɫУı飬ڶԷûиܵΣϢλ¿ܲô

ͬһʻںҹУӦ»鳵ڵ޷޵ͼڣС¯ӦоС
ǿռҲǷ֮ľ롣˽ĹһңĪ
ҶֺһЦǲҶ²ԼᱻȥǶԴﷸôõĴ
ͻȻһȻҷŻһΣǲǸɱˣ
ҡСŮһǧӣСŮҲɱˡСŮյϷ˵˽⣬ڶ࣬϶ܿͷˮָһЩֻʲôĶʧ
ңֻǴС
СЩС
СˣȻ˵ͨߡ
Ҷľˡ
ΪԼΣ˭Ҳ벻Ӧϵ˻ˡλ¿칤ģĪǴˣ
ˣԺ±Сġ
үʲôҲûе¶һΪ
мԴ
һš
Ҷӡ
գҡ
ҲǱƵġ˲ңҲˡҪĲҵȫ˵ǵͼҶ΢ҲǼˡ֪ΪңУѵΪˣҲܷ𣿡
鷸֮ˣɷΡ
⻰𣿡
ɷԼЩ壬ﻹ֮ˣﻹаŮ֮ˣݽ֮ˡ
һԣû
һ·Ĭòͣ£Ҷ泸оһ̫尾ǹǧꡣ̧ͷһ˾ţŵȶˡ
ô
ˡ
ȥӣСŮˣСŮ֪ˡҪ̣֪ʲôСŮһʵ档аСŮֻأ
ֻһε˲֪ԱĶҪء
һۣŮģʵ˿û̬ԡԵЩɷ涨ƲǸطŮƽ֮ˣûŮҵ֣Ҳûжҵľη
ǧ꣬㵹úá
СŮ뵱ˡ
ǧʲô˼
ǰߣԼ·קסͷȥСһͰͣԽû̬
ʲôӣ
СŮ¡Ĳọ̈СŮʲôС
ĲҪ̡
ɫѱϲŭ
˽һᣬܲסҶ泡ʵ̫ǿԼȥᱻһ
һ˾ΣϢ˷θÿһߵõսľԼѵˣ˸ͲŹԼ
Щһſڵأƺȫ˯ˡ
ͨıڻࡣһӦ̾ɭɭѪӡͣԼŬ˵Լǰ˲ɱ
֪ָһʡ
Ҷ׳𵨳˿ȥҵͷõ£ܿǸ⣬ʲôҲ
£
ݻɱˣ޿⡣
ҲɱˣҶ泵ڶǷһѻûǸɱˡ뺦ҸףҲǻһ֪ܲǰڣСŮ֪֮ˡ
ɫ
СƭʥǶҪѪ
̾ȡһ乳ƺմѪѪѸɺԣصӦòһ֮Ѫ
Ｋ̴ܴ˵ùǡǽգӲ֮ҲῪڡ
ȴľ塣
Ҷɪɪ·𿴵ԼùǵǽϵӡΪ˽˳Ϊɷ񣬵޳֣˭Է˲֮ˡ
СŮĲҪ̣ʲôСŮʹʲôǲǻ֪ɷʲô֪ģСŮ˵СŮʲô˵
̾߷Żȥһۡ
СϹᣬǿûб
֣ǼΪѵá
ѰŮӣΡ
˵һţ֮ǰѰ֮Ҳ׷պһӦ£ֻҪ˼ҶӶ
Ҷˣֹɽˮ·һ塣˵أȻΪѶƹ
ֻδ˵λţĪƭģ
ݵλҪСȲһֻϻףûбҪϷŪ˼ȥŰɡ
ʲôˣԹɫεܿʲôüĿһ䣬תߡ
ȥģ
Ҷ泼ˣ󼱡
ͷҲء
ڳڵ㡣


32 
һƬ,ЩѪȵ̾ɭޱȣһצޡǸһ㣬һ߾߱ʬ塣ӵŻζ޴,ǽԾĻƿħ
ټĵ,ֻҶһˡ
ԼȣĪԼȻûеô¡Ϊĳŵ,֪ڳڵĵطԼ
׶,Ҳ벻˾ȻһšŵڣѵΪ˹ĳЩ׼֮ˣǵͬ飿
˼Ӽ,ѿʼεĲ֡һĵ֮,˵Ѷ֮,κλذڡ
ǵ,̧ͷȻ˿˳˵ӳ죬ϷӦпʵǵ,һȦ,ûз֡
ŵѲһļΣÿŽȥÿηһţȫðŵĵط
ʱֻصԭء
˼һ,һ
νţ
֮ض
ڶϣı,һڵ¡Ǽָηȥ,ηû,ƿʱ֨µ
ηͱηûκ,鿴һȦ󣬴ŵӽǸſڵϵŲſ֮أҲĵҲûʲôͬ
ѵ´ˣ
һһĦ󣬻ûзֶߡ̧ͷηǽϵͼαǣıÿηУӦΪÿηĲͬڽŹǸǣоһ
һʱȥˣʲôҲû֡޽չ֮ʱûлɹƭԼǶԷΪʲôҪƭ
λүݣӦòмݵ΢Ϸĵˣ棬һʲôط˵ġ
ͻȻ뵽ʲôѶ֮ȥ
ȡǶԹùǵ̾ߣǽϵĹҹоһٶİѹ£ž?һ죬ǴӸղǸηġ
ԭǸſԵĵطֳһصڡ
һϲ
ص䣬ζء͵綹߲ڻֱܷµ·ߣȻһ󻺻С
֪˶ãڵ˳ڡ
νţôԶҲ֪Ϊƣڣ˵ǳڣҲԳ֮Ϊһ
ڴһ鷿īŨ񡣻ľ鰸棬ѩĮİӡ
Ҷ泸̣λ¿УȻһ·
һʱ̧ͷŮмǱϲ壬˫۾ǳ
Ů֮ϻۣȷʵ֮˺ֹǧɫɫͬδһŮӣ߿һۡһǱȻ˲ݺӵĴڡ
СŮˡ
š
Ҷһʲô˼
˫׵۾޾ĺҹޱȴʲôҲ塣Сع۲Էɫܿϧһĵǰ֪ߵĸλãƿλ˳һöϺ꣬ġ
ǿǰŵ
Ȼ
仰Ҷ泾һֵˡȻ֪λ¿˾ٵĿĺڣĽ⡣Ҳ˵պʲô˵ʲôֻҪ漰˾λ¿Ӷ룬ԺݳŮڿ˵Լƽ϶ٻǲҲԣ
ǴпΪ
л
лʲô
л֮
˶˵ֶκݾѪᡣȴػһȻ˵л֮Ȼ֪˾Ȼˡ
֪֪Ҿ֮
ƶƾ˵ҼƣǶĹࡣ
һҼƣǶ
··һΪ·ҲһѰ
ŮԼҵ·Ǹ˵컯
һĬվߡ
Ҷ泸ϽϣطҪԼȥ˵ãز죬ƾԼȣ֪Ҫߵ¡
˵زǹһȥСլӣλԼҲڳǱԳǱͲ죬Ȼ֪˵ؾ
լ̫ǵƻͨΪһլլԺտ硣紵˵ǣɪɪƮȻ
ɪɪƮȻλү
ʤѩ£ա
ӣʹ
һʱ羢𨣬Ƶһ乫˫һʱֿºĮǡɷ޶
ì־ɫӣֻԶۡȻĳֳղдʲôʲô󡣬ٸҲԲ⡣
ȵĿռڣеһжŴ
˵ζ
ҶΪλỻһ·ʵǵһ⣬ϻٻմȾ˲Ϣοôĵصϵζ֪
˵ˣԼԾؽԼһţζӷʵʵصͷԼЬûЬϵĳ
ƽȣҹɫдС
ҹ·ޱ޼ʣߡ
Ҷ泲˯ⲻϮ۵ǿŵľţɼǿ˺Ǻ;
ۡ
ۣҲۡ
ͷϥУѹֵشһǷڲѬʲô㣬ǺŰһٸԼ˯ȥȴֲܹƵƵл
֪˶ãѹ
ôһ˲Ĺ֪Լںδ
ֻһˣϸһīɫĻ멡멺ůͣƺϵϢ
ͷĪĸо˵ζȡ£˶ص÷ԭŵλϡ
λ¿˲²͸
һֱ͵ſڣŲ죬̽üţű򿪣Ҷһĵرס
㣬㣬ǻˡ
˵ûµģõġ
Ҷܲģ쵣ˡùǸҶ֣Ϊ۴㡣
һֱź棬һ㶯ͿȥȻ¿Խߴ㣬˽ͻء
㣬ǡȥˣ
ôһӹζ
ҶЦЦȥһطҲ˵
˵ﵣġ
ҶüЦŷġͬʱһ˿ۣһʵǱȴƺܸˡԭ¿ֻҪܺͶԷһ棬ǳٶĿͷҲÿġ
ϲ˽¸˵в
ʱͿˡ
̼СʱĽи塣û뵽겻ȴǲˡ˵ģĲҽ
㣬ĺϲ¿𣿡
ǻϲǣˡ
Ҷ죬˭Լĳ̫ɹ
ϲ
׿еĲۣ˳Σվһ͵ĽǶȣҲûвϲɡ
ҶɬȻ֪ν˼Ҳ֪˼ɳգû뵽Ǹ˻Լ׵Ľ㡣
㣬ɲŲҪϲˣ
ǲϲǲǾͲʹ౯˻ûʧ
ԡҶ泻ҹպȷʵӦϴԼĳ裬ΪԸһԡ
ҶôЩ޳ȻΪʲôԸһҪ壬ػԼĴ㡣
ҶЩھΣھԼƭ˵á
Ȼϴһϴ˯
ҶԣΪЦ

ʱղеĿⷿҲδʧ٣ЩղضֻӵȴѻΪҽ
øۣ˽ĸ
ҲˣҲˣʲôҲûʳ
϶˹ŵģȻĿⷿôŻֻ𵽵˭ŵģһʱûͷ
˵ԸģΨҶЩͼ֮ˡЩԶ֮⣬ɲԼǸŮһ˰׮ôҲЩ걻ġ
Ҷˣʵ벻˭ǲҶˣԼȥҪͷϡ
ƴ˶سһ
۵ΪβЩ˸ɾ
һҹӷδض㣬˺üꡣ˵۰ҹˣ޲ó嵽ҶȥһӴɱˡ
ҹĻˣܿ촫˳ȥ
Ϣϳʱ硣
ҶԿһһһ廨һŮ΢һҲûʡ
ҶŮ첻УҶҲ̫á
㵹ǼһֱҶϵĲҶϾŮҲϣһ²һ¡ȴҲԽеˣҲ֪һΪǽһ
̾Ϣȥ
Ҷ泺ҶϬضһۡ
㣬˵ôֵǮĶ
ЩʵҲϷۺЩġ
ã˭˼񶾡
ֻ¶˵ĳͷ˼Ķ䱾ǾһЩĪпɳ֮
Ҷֱͷġ
ҶĲ޶ϲʵ̫¸ڼˣǿԱһܡЩŮһֱլʱҲʲô¡
ҶҶ
͵վΪüһڵϡ밡ߵһԷڵϣƼʱҵ顣
㣬ôˣҶҲ
û¡Ҷһֻ뵽Ҳѧüգ֪ǹӵѧΣǾò̫ġ
Ȼȥ⼸ε£ҶõҲһЩ
Ҷд⣬ö˵ȥҶϣҪ˵⣬ȴ˳ŵܻ˵ڹӼǰ¡
µһλշӣԺ¹ڹǰʹѧҵ˵ӲһٵķӣȻѧڿΣֱӵܡ
ߣʹĵؿŹߵҶҶ
֪ǼѧҲܲͶҽҶѧѵ֪ԺһټӣҲҸŶ飿˵㱻Ժ˳Ժ̣ܽӦÿڼԼ飬οļɣ;
ҶϵӣҲϵģƽǰͽӡ
ӣҾҪŹӶ飬ذɡ
Ҷѧ㡭ʹϧȻҸѰһѧãֵ֤ܶѧϣΣ
Ҳȥذɡ
Ҷѧ˵ˣҲԱ
ӣҸٺôô˵ҶСӷ£Լ¡
ССͣ˼˲ֲñԺ
ҲǱϳģҲмǵ޲޵µ˶飬Լ뿪ģ
ЦλҶѧǻԼҲǱϳԺģȻ˵Լ뿪ġ
ǿЦ
ǰԺʱͿ߹ӣһٵķӣװʲôߣ˭
֪ߵغˣ뿪ԺһѧҲղҶҵСӣۡ
ӣҶѧСҲǷǡǸӣѵҲ֪أӵܣĺڣ
֪ӵܣ
Ц˵㲻ӵܣ㣬й
ûС
ʦӺˣʦй
ûС
Χ˺Щˣ඼ǸĽַвһЩԼҺ͵ˡⷬԻһҡ
һûйˣôܵӣ
˵ǾˣǸͯҲʹáӣȥһģȴԭͯǡ
ӼֱЦôһ˻ҿѧǲ
ӣ޹ĿŵӵܣҵһͬкΪ飡
޹ѧʲˣΪβΪʦ
㡭ǿʶҲκιʦģѵ㻹ҪԼ̸֪𣿡
Ҷʦ޹
һûйˣȻӣʦںˣǵȺ˲ǳˣֱǷеĺȺ֮˼֮֮
ͽȻҲŴ䡣
ĪһĻţ漴ֱͦ塣һûйˣҲûʲôɽξ֮ˣ
ôʲô˵ʦһ
⻰Ҳȥ̫ǰ˵һ飿һգָֻݵģлһ˵Ц⡣
һҡΪҪȥ̫ǰ˵
ʦ̫Ǳµʦǵ̫ӵʦǿǶе̩ɽһҲȥҷ
ЦЦؿһһ䣬ΪҵĶʦҲǳ̫ʦ
ҴҸҶ仰ͷϲ
ײˣ


33 
̫Ķʦ,˳˵һ塣һδκιԶ,Ǹսѧĳɶ֪
ȵλʱ,;һֱδɽȺλ,һλ״,̷ҡһλǳ̫һλǹŵӡ
ѧ,Ӧλŵӡֻε,ĵôһԺ٣
־,㡭㾹ðѧ,ֱֱĿʥˣ
ӻǰʣǼ٣ȥʳ̫֪
ʦ,ҫ̫ǵµʦ,̫ӵµʦڳ𾴡
Ӽ̬ȣЩ·顣ĵ˭ð䣿ο̫ھС
ԽԽ飬һϸ
µﻢ¡ӲͷƤɫ˵˹Ӽ,һȥ̫֮ĻϽˡ
һߣΧ۵ȴûɢ
ҶС,֪̫ʲôҶԺ鼸,ôû̫䡣
𾪵,Լķӡ
ӵһЦ,ʦѧѡΪʦΪʦѡǡνн࣬ѧģҹ֮
ҶصͷСȫǼᶨ
Ҷ˳Ⱥû뵽Ժһ֣ȻԼֳܵһλ㾪ž޵ʦ
ǰѡյܵΪѧû͸¶ԼʵݣҲҪǵĹάͰͽᡣ
ģһ糣ƽ֮
ȲؼҽϢ˸ףҶ֮˲𣬼Щʧ;ùز¶ȴԭĵӡ
Ҳǿѧеĵһˡ
ҶǸլˣڼŵܣΪ֮ҳĹûš
Щ꣬ûзύͷֹһǰȥݷãҵӵΪѧ
λŵӣ޷֣Ų֪Ǻá˵֮ǰİʦǲ̫ˣȻٱһ͹ȥ
ҶҡͷմܺСΪѧͼĿɲǵĹάТǰʧ˴⡣
ҶҲ뵽㣬ͬŮ뷨
ѵʲôҲҶϾò̫סÿȥ֮Ǽءǰȥ֮ˣҲѡѡ֮Ȼδ޹Ҳδ£Ӳи
ܰĵ£Ҳͽ֮£Ѱ֮
Ҷ˻ϲ֮ʱλѵ˳ǰݣȻǲڣֻͨŷתϢ
ڵȴػĹ򣬹Ҳˡ
ӻǰɢӣŷһʲôӺŷɲʱȻ󹧹롣
Σӻʲô׵ġݻ̺ڲѣٵȳҵĻظϽȥ顣
ĹǵĴСﶼڴ̫ʦǣһҶҵΪѧ
˶ĽҶҺ˵ײӾȻļĽ֮࣬ἰҺԺ
ԺңҶҵĳӿǱԺϳģҶҵĳŮʹԺķ޲޵¡˵ҲǴԺȥģѵԺʲô֮
Ϣңըѡ
ǰҲЩȴδž޵ȻҲʽܳһλ֮š
ԾУУУߺࡣ
ˤ豭ҶһѵҶСӵĶ·˭֪
ǸӣһֱԺһټӣʲô˼˵ʲô밵ѰҿĺӣȻҶС˵ǹ˭ţ
Һεŵڣ޹ӵܱУѾԽֻܱĵ¡ˣȻδαܾ
ѵҵﻹСССӣ
вҶ˼ӵȥ¶ʱѾͷǡкüΪҶҵСǿƫƫ£Լ࣬󷿺ͶԹ
Ǹӣһǹģ
޼ŭڲˡ

Ҷյ˳ӡ
ӵʱҶֿЦҵʱҲȥһЩԹ˼͡˵ǸڵճĽ󵱸ģҲǳ˼ʶҶңҶҵŵڣ˵Թ˼ңѰĹԱ֮ҵᣬҲûвμӹء
ҹδߣǻϲϲҶҾȻϳû˼ҽύ
ԥǾŮȥ͡
ǰҲͣʱֻܸڵսõĬĬһӰӡԼҵķͷһ⡣
˶򵥣̫ŮŮѳޣҲѳӡϣ佫ңԭǰͳİ
ϳӢ겻ᣬȻˬʴ󷽡һӦ綼˾ޱҶĸŮ˵ҲʮѺá
ĺҶİ
ҵλٷһλնţһλŨŮӣһ۱֪ŵڳĴҹ㡣ģΣȥϸΪ׽һЩ
ʵڳڣΪһ˫Ӹҫۣһ¶˵Ŀ⡣ϸǲĵؿ˺ü䣬ֱҶи
ҶȻæǫ飬ȴһ
Ҷҵ˹ļ֮⣬Ҷר׼ࡣ۲һĴɺУ͸࣬е׿ŻǶ֡
һ࣬ϲ
Ųҵûھļ
Ҷ泻صԼġ
ϱ˽Щȣ뿴
Ҷɬ״ƽʱϲЩ
ʵ͸ۣеĻ㡣˵ǣûһ֬ӵ֮
˾ϲŮǡ
ĲõЩպöˣһЩһ̣֬Է
𣿡Ҷ泾ϲǾףصͷ᲻̫鷳ˣ
ᣬ֮͵¡Ц
״СǣӲ֮Σ֮գı֮ˣͷ˴Ϊÿ۳һУ˿ɳ
ܳ
ǲӦұ㲻ô
Ǻðɣ㡣ɼɡ
лˡ
ҶȫȻʱ˵һʱԼĶ˻û뵽ż仰ĹƺͺͳҵĶ˴⡣
⵽ô£
ѵһʼʹ˼
Ҷȷʵ˼ȴǱ˳Ȼ̬ҶҼҵ֮Ҳ֪Գ˰֮⣬׬ǮҲüޡ
ǵǱӣǳϵҲһ֬ˮۣƺҲʵʡһûԴûԽ֮ʵ׬Ǯ֮·ǰǱԸǡ룬ıı֮˳ǳԤϡ
ҶǺøͻȻпҶҴ˵һ֤Լ˼ɵĹֺøС
ҶһǫԽɬȻͬʱָпҲǱҸʤһȵңԭĴĸĸ͵ĸ֪ö١
һԵϺҶѾ⣬ϵǽ˼֡
ԭֿʵӣϵһ˵Ҳ˼֡˿Ҷ泣ֿ˿Ҷáھеɲ̫ã˵һ֪׺һţƵģ봫еĲ
˵˫˼ң˫ӣҲ֪Ǽ٣
Ů˵Ļ֣·Ρ֬ˮۡкӡ
⻰һ˵ϺͶ϶¡˫Ǹļͬʱ˫ӣ˵ȥǳ¡
˵ƺˡ˵
ƺ˫ӵײ˫̥ˣպ˭ȢҶŮпһ̥˫
ϺЦպ˭ȢǼҹָҲһٿ
Ҷϵֱ֮ͨͨԴŵңȻΪԼŮ˵׵ͣΪıó·
³ϱ˵вӦ֮
˼ԣҲܼ޸ס˼ңһٿȻٺò
ЦŮģãŶиġ
Ļ˭
ҶϵӸһЩɫˣϧҺҼүܣδܻǣǵ
˼Լĸһۡ
ҶŮȷʵãҲͣʸ׵ĿԼСŵԵ˼ңֻҲԸסοҶλڿ˵Լ¿ȻЩҲǣߣΨԹ
ҲĵϧȻҶҽõӡ󲻴ҲҶ泺ҶһŻһЩ˼ң̫ܡ
вҶҵŵڣֲ洫Եˡ
ĸףСʦƺδлԼ
˵Сʦ壬ǹӡ
Ҷ΢ĵӣδйҶҧҧҲһʡҪǹӴӲǣʦô붼Ǽõѡ
ǰһкӣǸһЩŮӡ
ӣкס
ʱڳɲɵ׼밲ǡ⣬ҲպĶԻ
ͬһǳҵλӣӳԺͶӳСֵܶҲڵĶԻһüһ
üǳԣ˽ΪҶҹҲ䲻ԼСʦ塣Ī˵ǽףǷһ˵ҲǶСʦ岻۴µԼĸ׺ӵãû취ָ𡣵һȻ˽ȥͨ
ҶӺͳҵλӹ밲¿ʼɫҲ͵ͨ졣ոջ˼ҹԼĹүҲ֪ûбȥȥûˡ
ŮڣһŮͣǲþԹӺͳֵ뿪
е԰ӴеҶҵλﳤȷʵλҶΪһЩСʦ⣬ɲĴԡͼҶҹпһ˫ӵĺͷСֶΪµҲ
У˵ʲôﻹûڣѾɫǶϷҶҹٺã²ҲȻ
磬̫һһۡмģһ֪ܲĸҶĸŮ̸ɼƷ
ʧЦλִֶԵעһԵɡ
ǲЩԣҶҴӡҲϧѾעԵ
ӲǰŰ壬һۿ˫Ҷҽã˫Ӹ׻˫̥ΪȤ
Сʦ壬룬ҶúãξǺġԺҲһԳһģһ绨Ůжá
֣ʲôô˽δĹңգŭɫؿԼĵܵܡ
ŵһ˵ʲôˣиôиĹҵȻҪСʦ塣ʱһ˫۵СʦûСʦܣգ
ӿЦãֻûһƲ£ôͳŮˣҪ˵²ᣬĪҪ˼ҹоһϮ
ѭź紵֮ؿȥԼĶʦֺһλ»Ŀӡǿӵƺˣ޷ӵǿƣһʦ֮ͬˣӦλе¿
һһ£ǧѹҶ˳աħϣðű˳ЦķҲҪļ
̫Ϊ໥ܣһ£ȻҪ񡣲֪ǲĴλүԼĿܵ
˵жʦϵڣԷʹ߿һۣҲӦǿмӣû뵽Ȼ䵭
ˣȷ˵һμ档
ϱûмҲǺӳ̫֪һλŵӣ˵ʮҰףɽٲ
ôһΪλھУһҶΪѧѵΪǸС
Ƿŵ̸ĪҶЩ׵λڿ˵һֱϲŮӣ͸Լһ¼ҡ
һķǵСƭӣ


34 
ŮǱԹȥ֮,ձЩ΢Ǳ˵ˣ϶ЩҲס
ҶϺǾȣȫǺǰֱ,Ƿʧ˷ִ磿Լ̫ͷһصž˲档
Ķ,ʵһˣԽԽòܼ޸,󡣿ϧŮҲ̫,̫Ǿ³ˡ
ϵĿ⿴ҶҽãҶϡҶ泵ͷ״,֮,Ψװɬ
˵ĶһЩҳ֮,ҶʧĿ˹,żﲻɻֲûûƤ˵ҼҴﲻУҼҶ,ʲôˡ
ʧ˻,Ҳ޷
ĸŮ˸Ǻҡͷ̾Ϣ
ҶǰһͷġﶼϧãС̫Ȼ,һԸǱһס
ĸ׾ƣԸ,Ҳֲס˼ҹﲻ⡣ҶҴ,˿ү,ԵӱǿۡСʦǰ,ҲǲϲŮӡĪҪʱżɣһԹżϵ
ؾ֪ҶҵĴÿĸ׺͵֮ʱ;üΪסڸĻͷˣ治Բ
ϰһ࣬ǼܳĵŮһֻƾԼϲáݵĽӴ֮Ҷ泵ӡ󲻴
ҾǸ˼ͨ͸ģ㶫ˣǵִ֮ˡ治ڴүδָ쳤վûᱻҲδ֪
ܡϺƶҳŮӣСʶĶ֪˭ԽݸߵӣԽǲм̡֮ү֮ѣǶ˼
ϱˣ뷨
ϲ֪뵽ʲôĵûȫܵ£ʱԽ˶õģǲܳɡ곤¹εɲŮò¹յȹ꣬һʱټѻȴ뵽ͷһȢŮһ¼Ϊ
ǰһˣ󻹲Ƿֵ
̧ͷķ򣬳һ̾Ϣ

ҶĸŮ˸ճ˵Ժûᣬ԰ӵر·ԶԶһλӣűһͯ

֪һԼĺͯųеȲš¶СЦ۾Գɷ졣
һѽӱҫؿ͹
곤꣬ꡣϳأϥһһŮǳӳ¡
˵磬Ǳȳá
С»ˣһһ壬һһСʦү
䵭ȻżϲСӣСµͷһ˿û׽˼
һЦ³Խ˽ӽˣһֱȢϱҶҴҪģģҪΣҲ֪ǲ񲻺ãϲôһѪ֮ˡ
Сʦζ
Сʦ壬Ͻסһ˫ӣﻹӣһһŮգ
˸òԶм仹һɽԼɽߵҶĸŮܿǣǸǶȴĸŮˡ
Ҷ⻰ʱ޵ݡ֮ǰڳԺ˵ĻùӺͳλȥˡ
ʶŮΡ
Ҷ泰ԭŴҲԡ
ʱ˵
Сʦ곤꣬治
ɢˣϲ˾
üתͷ˵Ӳϲ˺ôһ𳤴ġү㲻Ҳɣ
ҶʧʧǹȢ֮⣬Լǰ¿Ľӡ
ʱǾͶ·ܲ˵˼Ҹﱣý룬ʱʵ̫³ç̫ǿѡ

ѵֻԶ޾
Ȼţɥţɥ
Ҷһĺ󱳣ûϵġ˭˱˵ˣ˭˱󲻱˵˵ǵģҲ

֪ô죬ϲ¿ġҶõ
ϲ
ҶϰͰ͵ؿŴŮԺﲻϲ¿ǷҸɿĹүúùӣ
Ҷ泵ͷʧ״˭סϲүҲ࿴һۡһŬԼǿһĲϲˣҲù˼ҹĥ
ãáҶޣǿš˼˲ǣǿһģҲʵںá
ĸŮΪˣ˵Сȴ֪е˲Ҳڳˡ
۷΢ƺ߿һۡ
лش𣬱ԼĴֶҫص˵࣬˵ųС֮Ļ
֣һ곤꣬㿴ҼСӶˣ㻹ϱӰûС㲻ҵ游Ƕɡ
⻰һеġ
Ҷ룬пܵȳӶүүһϹǴδŮദȻһʯĳ
Ҫ˵Сʦ嶼ҪϽҸģһŮ˫ȫֿʡ¡
⻰޴Ȥ֮ӡ
̫ͳһۣŹԼĴֶӵסԼϵֳ
Ҿż˶ѡ
ܺԼ£յĲд𣿡̫һĿȥûдãȥд
ĵùһʱΣû뵽Լǵˣ챻׵ѹŶ£ǿˡ
ԼĴֶӣƨɰ˸
ҶĸŮʱȵءסһЩ̫˼״кȻŶߵø졣
ţŲֽ
ĸŮȻ˵һߡʹҶû̧ͷҲܸоʼնû߿һۡ
˵ԺеһӶ
һ˵ˡ
Ҳá
ǡڴʱһ˴Ҵ߶׷ϳ̫һ˲֪˵ʲô̫üͷһ壬һ۹
ǳģȥ
ΪĴӣһ
ҶĸŮͬС
˳Ҷţֻһӣλڹǰָӡ
̫ոջظλһֱڳ⣬ǵõϢȻĻ֮ɡ
ӣ۲ʶ̩ɽһʱˡ㿴һϣ˲С˹ԭµղ֪ɣðʦ
һ䲻֪ɣڸԼеоλǺ̡
УԭˡӺƽһ䣬ƺ¶ںӡ
ǱǹڳǰһбΪض᲻ģϾʦΪû뵽Էô˵仰ԭ
һʱ㵣˵ȫûó
Ǵ˴ֻʦһ֮ʦ֪̫ܷԭѧ
˵ʵǲԭӵġСʦ嶼˿ڣԷҲмֳģȻҲιŴ²š
Ҹ·ϣذɡ
˵ý⡣
ӵ˹ӵԭ£Ҳ׷ӦûϲǡʵǸ˲ΪĿĸڴˡ
ڹ˵ԭӺҶ泾ʹĸ׺ã׼뿪ĸ׺ȻԼҲ׼ȻλԴǣᵽ֡
ӣλҶҹԺʱҲ֪ġǵȲ治治ֵŮӣ˼֮֮ղǰں˲֪׺֮ˣմһǰ㣬Ҳᱻڸ
ҶվߣҪλӵĹ³ʲô
ΣҪָֻšǹĻش
ԣһʹļףӣĵӣ̫˵ʦܣ㲻ΪԼǣҲΪ̫˵롣֪˵㣬˵㿴ҶҹɫŻͷҶΪѧ
Ҷ˫ֻأ䡣Կ϶ӽΪԲԼı⣬һ˰ָʹƲ
ӲĲУġ
ڵҶûɫסҶýĸиϲչˣԼվԼҴߡ
㣬ʵǿɶǸô죿
ҶҲ룬ô죿
˴ǳ⣬֮ǰڳ͡ת۾˼ǰˣ˻ô
˵Ϊ飬ۼΪʵҲǱʫ֮ˣƣҥ֮ԣҲ֪ʦӺˣֻᲶ׽ӰԶﴫ
ӵʦλӡʦӺӣо֮һ£˵ĹϵǱѰ
֧ʵǺµĴ̫ȱҶŮ޲޵£Ե޹ʱ˴ˡ˵ǶҶ˶֣ǿ֤ݡԺԺҪΪɣѽΪ飬ΪԼѱ
ӣҥҲգʵҲգڿ˳ɻ˶ô˵ӣ˵ǲ
ھг󣬵Ȼ֪ҥԵ
֮⣬ҲϣСʦԶǷ֮ԴԶҶˡľѳۣҶСʦѧΪʦΪһȰСʦҶӡ
ǰҵС֮ǡ
ӣдΪТȰȰӣҶҵСԼһĪҪΪһЩɵˣԼĺ
Ӻͳվڳ̨ϣȻõҶҵδߣҲܿҶҽ
ԶԽӡ󲻼ѣǵȻΪŮ֮ˡóʱȻĴԡ
˶˵Ҷһ׺һһҪһҪǲ롭
ˣҪִˡ
ҲֻһһҵվߣƵʢĻôȴǧĿ뿴ӡ
λӣ㷽˵ʲôûܷ˵һ飿Ҷ˵öڶ
Ҷ÷ŶͷһҪιȥӡ˵һ飬Ҳû塣
Ǵ󾪣Ǵϲ
ҶŮҲڣֱҲûӾŴ²ţҶŮáԽǲ֪ܣԽԽռơ
ǡʲôҸǣҿйľˣǸҴңҾȥ٣
ٰĺ¡Ҷ¶һӡ
ˣ
ѽ
˭˭
ǵе֮ģӦȰ˵ĸԼĵܵѧû𱨡
û˵꣬ҶõͻȻ˼£Ȼεڵء
ҶߺˣүˣүŮˣ
ȻҶҴﻹǡ
Ӿˣɫ࣬ǾȻңӣӣǸղŶˣҸûж֣λԼεģ
û˻Ӧ̧ͷȥﻹйͳԵӰһƬհף졣
ҶѾŮεڵأŮҲڵ۵һһţˡ

ĸŮ˱һ𣬿޵С
Ҷ泱߿ޱ˵ûˣ˵ŮӾͶ֣ʲôүҪ٣Ҫ٣
ϥ飬ϻžҲû
ʱһʣ˱٣
Ҷһ彩Ӳֹ
˵õӶأ
ƭӣ


35 
̧ͷȥ,ֻһˡ˿ɾ˫һȴɷ
֮ǰһֱ˶ų⣬Ȼ֪̫ظ,߻ɷ֮Ƶ¿
Ǳµ׵λү
¿ε,λ׿ȻʥԶʤλӡԺյ,һ߸ֻӡ
,ܶһССŮӼԴɫʹŮòĹɡЩʱյп,ϡ
˽,λүǡ
Ϊ¶˼,һʱ¹¡Ĺ,˼ŽҪǰ˺ӡָܵ˹˵ݷҡֱϡ
ү,СҪ,ҶŮƾС
ү˵һ¹ضŮҶǺҲǰ棬ڮٳĳŮ,ִ˳СŮ뿤ү죡
ү,ſڴƻƣСûдСŮ,Ů,Сڮٵ,˶ô˵СʵʹĹƷ˼Ϊ飬ΨźȰ
Ҷ泲²͸˼λү˵õĶΪᣬû뵽ͻȻֺһ֡
ˣЩ£Ӧδ˵ĹϽӦòһµˣԽ޴Ϊİ㣬Ϊרİɣ
΢𣬳ҴŴһۡ
Ứĵ£һµӱֱϵĽ£[߽ơĿǡĿײһ
һݣƤ
λүж˵Ϊж಻飬۳໹ܼǸ纣޷͸
˼Ӽ䣬һ˱١
Ӿһ亹̫УǴˡæԼһһ壬ĩ˵״һ¡
ˣʵȶʮʵ֪֮֮
ССϤ֪Ӹо󱳵亹͸ģһٸԼûдˣҶŮ޹ġĪÿֻţ
ˣ߱
Ҷ泸ҪڣҶϾȴ˻ҶĴ㣬һүӵĻʱҪ̣Ǿʹˡ
Ӱϲοүġ
˵һСŻŮӣǰ㲻֪׺ޱȣǳúÿҲ벻˹˵ۡ
Ҷݣ֤ݺڣ
֤ݣ
¿ȥŷֳҶĸŮ⣬ˡԭмˣһЩֵˣ¾ߵøɾ
үɷ֮鴫
ҶҲһ㣬Ϊ֮һ˶߹ˣ֤ҲҪ˵ʲôӳî
ӲͷƤŹ볣Ӷڣүǳ֤
һߵĴ̽ȥĹ򣬹Ӻͳٴγ
˱ѯ󣬹˵ֻҶõڵϣûжû볣Ե˵һ¡
˵ȷʵʵ
ӴϲүҲˣλҶҶԼڵϵģСûд
ģҶ泱ү˵о˹ǰСŮСŮȻִСŮáһһпӣȻǰߵڰףֱĿ
˭ߵڰףûдˣѵԼ֪
һйľүѧоҽãδ֤ʵĴܻ˵ԵԼķ㵱֪֮أǶŮӶԿ£ɱģ㻹˵㣿
۷ڣ뵽˺ӵ³

´ˣСŮҪλӣҶ泺һ䣬ȫ˹
ֱͦűСߡ
СŮҪСŮ˵СŮ֪׺ɱĵӺͳӽԿΪСŮ֤
˵ĻӺͳжΪ֤
үСŮȷʵ֪׺һ˵Ӽˣ⻰˵ģû˵
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ҶԺ˵ʱǡòڡҲǺķת֮ΣҲҶ˵֮һ£о֮
Ҷ˵Ů֮飬һ߶ȣ˼顣ǰоĹ֮ȫôһͨ졣
СŮ׺֮ǲ֪νĹӵСŮСŮǷѣ˴㡣ҲǶˣû뵽Ӳ˵ãһŮӡԣǷַӦ÷ˣǷҲˣյйȶ֮ǷʢӦУ˼̤ⲻɣ
ԵһλҶҴﵱҽ
Ŀڶµܣȴ֪Ѿ޷Ůӣ벻һŮΪʲôô
ɣְɱ
һͨĹŮ
¿СŮҪ˵Ķ˵ˡү϶СŮǲ֪׺֮ˣСŮԸܵ𷣣
Ҷ˵⻰ʱǱŻȥ̬ȡ
λ¿˵õֻҪֳ˾һӶҲûа취ڶĵְҵأһɷ֮ˣǲܱ참ô޻˵ֻϵù
үŮղ㡭
ӣ˽밸޹أ㵱ǵȹ˽֮𣿡˵
Ҷ¸мˡ
Įӣ˵ĻȻûʲô¶ȣӣ㲢֤֤Ҷȷʵ֪׺֮ʵ
ҶϣָҶ泡
ȫͣ
ܵ
үСҲ˵ġ
ƣԶﴫ㻹һӣ⻰ǳ˵ġԲϲҶ泲٣Ǹ֮ˣǾ¡
ӲʣүŮղ治Ǻεݣʲôоѵǲ֪𣿡
˭Ҳ֪ôġ
Ҷĥĥ˫ֲԾճȭ
үСŮֻһ˶ѡֻһޣСŮۣСŮģСŮһеرļϲһҲСŮȷʵ޿⡣СŮˡ޹ˣ޹ǷǶԴСŮ뿤ү֮¡үҪҪСŮţްԹԡ
۾˳飬һߡ
üʹࡣ
Ҷ泱ˣƵسӻ˻ȭͷ
ӵɴۣ󺰣ү
ʲôأ
˿ֻһĹңͷӡ
вˣ
ڡ
ͷңү
֤ݣʵ
һ仰ⳡ־硣
ӱȥţȴĽ̡֮
Ҷ泽һɣĵԼ븴ˡָӶָܵӶǶ²ˣʲôΥҼ֮£λ¿ֶΣ϶Ϣ
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ʱֿˣǶϺ˺óһᣬʱҶ泵Ŀⶼ˼ֲͬ
Ҷˣ罫Ҷȷسô
ҶЩĶ־û͵ģ֪¶ˡ£֪ôǣôȥűˡ
Ҷָͷһ£Ҷתѡ
ĸף㣬ôˣ
㷽εˡ
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ˣûˣǸѱٸˡҶְֶԶϺϵǸ鷳ˣѣǻǸϽؼΪá
ô˵ˣϺȻҲǿ
˽ĸŮҶҵԶȣЦ죬˶޲Ϊкá
Ŵû˵Ӱ
Ͼþòȵ˽˸˴ţͻȻûͷûԵһ䣬ĸ˵ĶԣԽǲܵ£Խ档

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֪澡ʧԺĲǱסˡµȺʹޡԼӦһʱϣʹҶ˶ǰ̡
尾ڴſ죬ǿ´
һ˶Ŀװͯųšһ·հǰ˺ȷ˸ŹսһҲ¥˼ͭ¥СＸС쵽¥һҡ
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ҪΪС
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ߵѾͷɫؽһƱϣһƱϵ۾ˣһӷҲ׬Ŀ
̰֮ģǲ㡣
СЩǳڴ塣;֪ҶŮ޳ܣʵʹġϧүС˲ԣСС٣ھ㡣СһСǴ󡣿ܵǣ֪ȥη
ѾͷʹһɫѾͷַһһƱ
İ
ˡ
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һͬ飬ʵָ׶ˡ
ѾͷַһһƱݺݵһۣ۾ɳѪˡ
֪ίдĶ࣬ȥܱܷҲáպʱٻҲ١һͨĶׯȴǽùѪͷ
ӵӦˣƱֱģŸǡ
һߣˤһ豭
ûõĶûɣӡҶǸˣȻδζĺ¡
ɫ粻˺ôһƽ֮뿪
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񡣡
ҶЦЦ۵ס
ԭΪ˵û뵽λĴʵ뵽ģϾԭһеĽ֣ǰ͡
³ɺޣҪ㣡
벻´Сζأǰҵͷİࡣˡֱԣ۹õһһ
㡭˵ʲôҿ±ȥ
ҶҿۿģղӾǴǸżġȻ֪϶ϣΪ˳޵Ĺ˭㲻һׯ֪Ȼ˵ȥҲûм˻š
˵˵ˣ˸ʲôˮ˶š
Ȼھ¥ӣпϲ
һûᣡ
֪֪ڵЩǼ٣ˡٰҶ磬ѵ֪ҶжᷳôǸңһҲ߳𣿡
ǲû˵ʲô˵ᷳңô֪ʲôҲû˵һֱҲ˵ΪΣ
Ҷ粻Ȣģˣ͵ذθߣǼΪŭӡ
Ҷһ۵׻һĨ⡣
ϲΣʲôСһһҺͿүһ˵վͻȢҹţʱ㻹ýһɩ
㡭ֱǲ֪ߣ룡
ѣûзʢɷҺΣ
ҲóѵģҶĳòôȢ㣡ôôûûǱҶˣǺã
Ѿ𣿡
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תѹ㶷ҵģ
˵꣬ܿҲ֪ôɣģպúνԪײһ档
үСŮСŮûдӦСŮӦġǹſã¿´ӵ·´ӵķͷСŮƻ˿ĺԵСŮСŮû뵽ԼһƬģȻˣ
ԣЩιȥ
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36 
,û˵Ļ˵ġ
˵ģѵҺģ,Ǳ˸ңҲ಻ġ
,뻵ҶԵ
ôϲүұ˭,ô뻵Եܻһ,Ը¶Ϊ´˵Ǵûмɵү,ûкǹ´ӵķͷ
Ļ,ҲǸʮĹ,鼱֮ЩҡҶһ,֮ɫء
׺ĸ׵˼֪ԼȷʵĶȴɫֻ̫֪࣬¼Ҷ,֪¼Ҵӡ֪Ҳнž,ϲ˽ͬһȽϡ
Ҷ泣һֱװɵ
Щزóѡ
磬䣬û˵Ļ,һˣһˡɲһ˵Ļ,ǵѪԵ顣
һģ,ͬûʲô𡣵νԪȴ֪,Сͣ˵ôһ,Ȼû
˳ǳϷ⼸ûϧ˵³СӲ£һҶ˹
ƾһ㣬ѾôΪ
ϧδȤСӶǲɽӡҪôǰ첻ҪôһְڡС¶Ҫͷ̨ͨĶʹ֣ôЩܹԱ񲻳˳зģ
ǶҶģϡ
ҶƳνԪһϷı飬ĵٿΪٷƣλĴͳȴȰ
үСŮ֪Լݵ΢֪ԼǷסСŮһƬ棬Ҳ档ģСŮΪһ˽˱˵ȦסƴԵҪˣҲЩ˵óѡ
δģ˲֪ԼҲ֪Ҵδ΢һӦʫỨᣬҶϯЩԵõģ֪١㲻֪жҲͰˣȻ壡
Щαװ̫ãҲġѣЩǰδƳκζߡ
Ҷ泵Ȼ֪ƾ仰ǲܳµġ˵öˣ˻ġһɵӱ£Ȼ˹ע
»ͬļٵҲɲġ
һ죬˻ῴĿ
һȫҲͬ·ѩҲͬİ취ҴĿҪȫ˵ҲҪѡ
ԭΪĸ࣬ȷùʵݺͺôһ㲻ܷϡ
ү˵ĶûСŮǰҲһֱ֣ΪԸЯСŮݡֱСŮףԭʹĻǣСŮڹ߶ĿľСŮܻүĻ¡ʮ겼֣ĻεСŮʵ벻ʱ´˼Ҳ֪ǲǱ˽ģǸˡ
磬Ǻ˵ģҪҡ磬硭ߣҽ͡
شĮıӰ
ҶЩźҲ֪λ¿ݵλôһֱվڴҳƤ
ʲôˣ¿Ȼ֪Ҷţ˼¿һô⡣
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죬ôߵô죿
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νԪǰһ˵ģĻȥˡ
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Ҷ泺ڣ֮ǰԶԶΧ۵˵νԪߺŸҴŵΧһһۿ
Ҿ˵´ǰΪδҶҹԭʹ˼
ɲǣ´ܺͿȡ˵缸¹ۣ˵ѹľλү
ֲá
огЦ˷ЩЦĵһƤΡ
޲ɱЩЦˣַͷһðеĺȫҶϡ
̫һͲ壬Ҹط⿪ᣬ㿴Σ
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УҲǳޡ
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һ¶Χ۵İָϽɢ
Ҷ泸м֮࣬ЩЦáְԵľ٣ǲڰնӦǺ¡
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ŶԣϾ񲻾ٹٲԼţֹҲ޼¡
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ȥ껹ĸǰ̽ڷ磬Ϊμǣ߱ýμ佫֮ңνԪǶӣĸ׻ԥ
Ը⣬ֻӡνԪһȢɻģԲŻᴦ
δˣǻǺȥǼ£
ȥʲô£
̧򢣬߰ذͷδԭˣһΪδһֱϣպҡ
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֪ңһҪ˵Ҷǲܵġеĳղͽͣеƶ롣Ϊ·ҲܳΪ
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ģͻȻǰס죬˵ʲôڹ¡
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Ҷüܾò̫Ծ
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ˡ
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ȥһŵסǽʧһ߲ҵ̣װҪ·ȻȥһԽԽá
ϲҵͷԼҹ̡
пҲŮͣµĵطǸġҶվŲŬԼȥɫϲֺҳһ·˻µС䡣
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ĺɫУͻȻһˡ£һյ䣬һƻġ

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Ҷ泺Ӽ٣˷ܵ˺Լ·
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ī̵Ĺٷ续üۡ
־ţޱȡ
СĶһ˿Ķ˫ֽһ𣬰Ĵָϵָ
Ů߰Žһ
˲˲ӿӿɽ
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һС߽жΣա
ˣģȴͶֻװǻƵС꣬δã
ˣǷˣ
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ҶѾûʲôˣһ¡࣬ղŻ˼װʲôʲôҶ泡
òȵĿүԿһ˿д뷨Ҳһˡ
ҵس·µɢҲŻɢ첼СԭɫٸӽģʢĻеŲߵĹ١

ʱСŴ汻
һӰУҪ㣬㳯Է˹ȥ֫˵ϣ·ҹ
ûƿɫīֱײСƭӣˣΪྫû뵽Ȼ﷭Щڳ
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ͦô˱˵ĵ
ϻ̫࣬㡭Ҷ泸оԼڻɽ֮У˫ֱסŲӲѣµҵ·
ʲô㣡
ֱǡ
΢죬סҵС֡
һͷһʪϡ
ɲǼ䣬


37 
ƵС,߼
²Ů޳ӣӨ׵ļŵķۣīɫĹٷӳԽһϸ塣
ס,ֱ
ŮĴϢƹǣʴ˵ĸй١,ĵ޿ײ룬խСһؼŰ
ʮ˾,ǵԼһץʱ龰ǹְƷߴ,ץʱλСڷѰ֡
޵㣬ŻϢ
һӦ߽,ϲŮʡɢƤлǽϹʽĴͼ,ƹ첻Ŀ
¹ڳڼĸߴȥëϹһֻ,ŴڵŮưƤӰ㾪Ӵ,һªޱȡ
̶ļڶ
Ἣ񼫡
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ǲٻǺз磬ᡣһ,ϲŮ֮Ҳ档
¶Ҫȥй֡ϱλȨ,Ϥֿɵá
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ʪĴ,Ĵ,ʢڻȪ˰ĻҡҷţȻţ·ҪǼ»ĵ
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۵ĺڣ籩ںڰϯӿ簵ҹĺԨ
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ܿԼίԼ
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ޡ
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˲ıȻܸоõ
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檣޽
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ҷһߣǰȹȥС
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үܲȷſСŮСŮȰ·á
ҲδӵĿüơ׵Ĵ׵ļ֦С£вӯһյ֫

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ΣȻܴųȥƵԺɺԺС뿪СͣһѰʽ
ǰҶޱȵسһ

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ĳѾʼתѹʯϷƵ
Ҷ泵һƬ䣬Щ˵ʲôȻٶҲǼҳ㷹ȫҸֻһ˿
ϲɽ͸¶ȥϲ֪أǶǷģǰŪЩЦá
ϲֿһᣬһ߲һ͵ԼҹδҲܿһЩԣĴҲ̫ЩףƺʲôҧƤ
ôôõģ
ҶϡڡغˣؿһԼѾͷ˵أ
ϲˣ㡭Ϳүǡ
û˵꣬Ҳһ
ǿү˷֮£ǲǡ
Ҵô檣
ǲ檣ʧպָü޸ˣ
ǣô죿
Ҷװĵģ͵һ̾Ϣô죿ÿֲԸΪ檡˵಻үǰһʱӵУҲʤҹҹͬ
˵ţƻζһ򴽡
ɷϣλүζ
ϲˡ
ﲡ˼µóԸ뿤˷֮ʵȻлϲֻǴôǸңʲôһʱӵУʲôͬģŶ
Ȼ뵽ʲôϵĺ˲ȥ
㡭㻳ˣǺã
Ҷ泶ˣѾͷ뷨Ǵ󵨡ԺһʱڣʲôŰܣʲôĸƾӹɱ
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ϲɫԽס
Ҫū澺ȥݶһ㣿
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ҶĵѾͷȾȻ롣
ʲôСӣó
ɫؿһԴҸжеѾͷԽЦá
Ͷ˻صҶңڽշֲֻ֮ᡣ
Ҷһ죬ľۣθȴǼáǡһҶĸԵÿθʢ˰롣
ϲͷ
ֱҹʱǸģ
Ҷ泽ɢͷȻһ黨֪ʧڳŮ֮˽ƷϣٶЩ̫׵Ƕ黨ûбǣ˼ȥҲӦûʲô󰭡
˼ˣġ
תͷһֵɴװӵϲдЦ⡣ĪҪգҺͿүδǷ֮¡
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Ҷʵڲ̼Ѿͷӣ˵һ飬ϲŰɡǲ̫ŵӣҶȥ

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ڰһֱҶ泽˳ӣϲΣǼŵ˻˳ӡеһжƿ֮УׯΪ˷ܶŤ
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ĸףŮʵôô˵ǡǼʱŶãʱȥԵǺͶĸ飬Ͳùǹ͡
·Ů꣬ü
ǸӣԽԽˡ
ĸףǰȻװġ֪һˣŮ˵ʲôҲͬ
ˣĸ֪ЩȥЪš
Ů·˵ɫ
ܵĵ£Щģһ
ʱһ뼦ȥǰԺ鷿վ·ͨȥҲδ˵һ׽ɷ򣬶ǰѼһԵСϣȻվڼ֮ޱȵؿ¹
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¹üĳһ֡
·˹ɫ֪ǺӴ˼ǿҲཻʸȻǹˮһʵڲ̡֪˲ţȴʵڵﲻ
¹üͷøбŭ
·˻˵꣬ˡ
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ߺûã¹ͳ鷿
͹üӵ·̡δȥվڹ⣬Ҷ
ĺɫڰһֱδ
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һͿվڸ˸ŲԶľ룬˴һΣһĿ䵭

󲮡
к޻ˡ
¹еŮƵ˼Ұݷ賤
˵λղŮӲ뻵Ե͹Ĺϵ֪㲻š
ͻȻĻ֪Ҳţ
¹һˣ
ǰ²֪ΪԽԶһ˵ȻѾĸķ緶
˲Һã⻰š
˭ãҺĸдǱ˭ãĪҪŮſڴƻơǰ㲻֪ܵŮӣʲô˵ġĻǲ˱˵ƣ
Һã
ȻҪʲô󲮶㡣
һĬ˴ԡ
ĵůҡҷʱǴ⽥Ũˬˡ紵ʱŲľҶ㡣
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캮¶أЩȥɡ
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ټĹȾκһۡҪ塣ϱϰ壬Ϊ¶ǿ̬֮
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ˮ޲ӣһ֮ˣֱײͱ꣬ҲʧΪһ¡
֣ĺȻһ֧黨


38 
պ,ҶͻȻпáҶͬ˺лϣԼŮš
ҷЯŮţҶϲ⡣
ʢĴ,лһǿ֮⣬лǰʱҡ
Դ,ҲʼҶõԭߣǲлҡ
еϵ,лǵϵŮ
ҶЩ,´ҶϷͬϷ򸾹һ,ǵŮ򱻰ȥҶҽһ档
Ҷʱ,΢
Ų۳,ֲֻ,ӦòһסˣɫƫɫЦһڰˬ,øС
һҶ,۷Ź⣬Ŀ֮ƿǻ˵λҶҶĴȴ
էˣ˱ꡣ
ʱһԾԾԵģ,ŲҶҴﻹǶдһ,ҲС¿һԽ˫,˼ĸ׵Ķ,ǾһܵĻȥ
Ҷ泺εɫ,һ⸱ģ֪ʲô顣ҲзǣλһͲϲʫͻŮӡ
ԭǰʶţŲȺǶԷǰһֱסݣǰЩӲŻصǡ
ʱŻеװ
Ҷ˵·ͼɣͺ˹ϵһĻͶһ¾֤Ҷα
Ҷģȷʵ˻ɡ
ôŶĪĴ󣿡Сֹţȴˡ
ˬҹҶ泻ǵһ
ЦԼһۡҶò԰׵С΢죬վȥ˵һȻ˫ֽԷ
˲ʱ䣬ֻ˷ܵĽ
ۣ󣡡󣬿ŵΧҶҿʵ˴ѵ˵˲¶࣬¶಻ˣ̫˼ˡ
Ҷò԰׵ˣȾŵϼɷǺÿ
ſˣţҶҲ̫ÿˡҪ佫֮ҿ϶ܳΪһλŮ㣬ұһƺţɫɲ
ҶʧЦʲôƺš
Ҷˣ˼ػصԼλ
ߣҲԽࡣҵﶼ˵Ͷ̥ҲӦͶ̥ŵڣӦ佫֮ҡҽԵ㲻佫ңҲܳΪˡ
Ҷԣ
ʱѾμס
ǵ佫֮ңԶ䰲ԶָԶ䰲䰲ɵǣλպ޵ǸԶĶӡλԶĶӣνԪ
Ҳ˵λνԪŵԪ䡣
ôʻĹΪʲôڼ޽Һڲţ֮ˣλҶ泲ԾͶ˼ͬ׽
֮ˣʶҲദ
һ
ѵλҶԼĻ֮⣿Ҳǲ˵£»δĴλδ⡣
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ӣҺϲԳϣԳ֪֪治֪ģǳʱӡ󲻴Ҫ̽һ
ܾλҶﻰл
Ҷ泵㵽ΪֹμֱӸﲻҪ޸νԪΪôˣһΪǸӡ
˵ݷס
Ҷ֪ıҶ泶ࡣ
һһģҲǢ
̸ֽ˵ûãȴԾȤ䣬඼Ҷ泽δŵġ
ԭȻǰС࣬񽻺õЩƲЩҲ˵ϼ仰Ȼ벻ǵȦӡ
˵ľаԣûǰҶ泺ڽֵһΪѱѹȥᵽߣ˵ǹϷŸ˵£һλ硣
λΪɣлϵ֧һ
ֱˬӣһ˵һж˵˵¶üǼΪԼĸЩ̫Ը⣬ЩƲ¶ĳ˵˵ȴҲûʲô֮Ҳί
˵λĸҲ
˵󲻴˵ССǽг˼ңٶǣŵĸҶĹ빬ǵ׵Ľá
Ҷ˼ĵֲѩЩûԭ࿴˼ҡ࿴˻ŮĶӣλ·˱ضмǣá
ѩһԣԲܼ޽лҡ
գһЩԼĵȥ
ǿƣŷš
߼ϲǲ˵
з£߱ǲҲܴõ˵ҶҺͳ˽飬˭ϲ˵ǰ£һû˯á
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Ӧ㡣
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һЩζ
ϰ³֮ˣ˵ȥһ˹ĳߴк棬һȥ
һҶ泴۽硣ǹĳϷɵġߵġˮεӦоС
һʱĹӱãƷֹеüƬĸز˾ƬñͿ߳ĴϺ
߿źպˮЩɡ
Ҷȸ⣬ʾһպպˮĳԷպ˵㣬Ƭڿо׽ºĿ˲ǳ
ȻԣԷʣζʮ㡣
г˹ӣҲһݹȥ
֮ˣȻҲעؿڸ֮ʳּޡʱǱ׼͵ֹӣ׵ĴΪ׼͹ȥĹҲ˺պˮ
ճӵĽš
˶ɫǳЩˡڹ֮ǰѾϸʹҶ泣һӺɣЩҶԹʱϸڡ
Ŀ⽫պˮžͽպˮϼԷϸϸ˵һ飬ȻҲ˵˴պˮ
Ҷڹͣʲôܡ
Լҿδκαʾſʼˡ⣬ٹպˮȻСеǰĵС
մź͵Ƭ꣬޳ָޱȵؽƽСĿڸУȴûиסⱾԷȷʵĳԷ˲ζ
ûӵָʾˡĵλҶҲ֪Ūķӣȷʵ㼫θֲÿһ˺ü顣
ѩ԰ǱߣҶڸ߰Ϻ
ҶҵķزϣҶĸڶϰԲûʳԵĹҶùգǾϲ
Ҷһ߳һ˵ڲ࿴һ¡
ȵҶʱɫһ
Ҷ泽õϺлŵڲͣλлǵϵӣ˶޸Ǽõѡ񣬵ȴôΪ
Ҳ룬㲻Ҳ֪ô𣿡лλǵӣҲĸ˼Ǿ綨Ҳ²ﲻԸֲҸ֮ףֻװšװģʵᡣ
ô᣿Ҷ泴Ǿɽ·ŮлٺãҲ䲻㡣ҵѩôãΪɫҹӡ
ǵĵһӣǲᡣ
ߺ
һֱĽӣܸоӶҲаĽ֮⡣᲻Դּ尾
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ϲȻΪԺá
ǻǰοȴܸж
˵ôãŮСʱڱָָ㣬˽»ΪŮ
ǳ㡣϶ܼһɾĳšպ޶ɷˡ
ߵ飬Ҷ仰˵ֺ޸ˣʲôӣǵף
ɣһֹҶ˵ĶԣҲΪԼҹáǹĳǺΡ
ʱ洫˵ͨ˵ˡϷ˵ĸǷϷ֮չߵġ
˵չˣʵ١
װȥ࿴Ϸˡ
ô죿ɣ
߰һΡ
Ҷ֪Ҫ˵ᣬϷмʲôãĹ޶Ӧƽλү
ǡ
ǣһȫһȫ֡
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Ҷû˵ֱߡ
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Ϸ˸ǰ֣ͷС˼ҵ̫̫˫ưۿҶ泺˲ޱȡ
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ѩ԰ˣȴҶ泵Ҷ泼ȥԸʱ֮졣
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Ҷͣ䣬סˣѩ԰ߵü죬ֱСݡԶԶǿù֪ͩǰԺӡ
Ȼסȥ·һǵϻﲢûأ˭֪һξˡ
λС磬鷳ȥͨһ˵Ҷ
һۣû˻ӦһתȥӦȥͨûᣬǸȥ
лȥ
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ҲڳԷҳԵĻǺһ
ӵķλǾüܣǰӷ·ںһöʳȻǹƧ죬ϲþڳˡ
СŮү

Ҷǰԡ
ĳԷ
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СŮ˵Ϸ⽫ѩȥлңΪΪסѩĹӣǲһԡ
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˼ǣαסѩӵԵ
СŮ룬ӦˡСŮΪػҶ˶ıѩˣôСŮĴк壿һĩãСŮעʧҲһ
ȴ޹鴦
Ҷ泿ɲΣŴԽзֻءΪĴԽ߼޸˱ˣ첻ʧҲʧ
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Ҷ泺һ亹
ֱͦűװµӼϺλ¿󲻹Ǿ֮͵£ûбҪԼȥġ
ΪԷӲԳ֮
һӣ˹سϺ
Ҷģλүʲô뷨
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СŮôġ¶ԲǼ仰£̧̧־ܽûбҪȵƿ֮ٲȡ˵ǲ
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ţԷûиӣϽһЩƬʹϺǹպˮǰϺȵϺԵò࣬һЩ
Ҳ֪ǲĴоƺķ̡ĥĥ˺ü໰
ȵڸ˿ӣֶˡ
ЦֺãүǲӦùȥһ
үҲˣҲ߶߶ɡ
˺һΪûϣʱ
߰ɡ
׼ҶһĵЩû׸ɡͷɵСϱ
ǰ棬ʱԾüۡ


39 
ѩ԰
,ҳ
һˣڹλ֮ߣ·ҲҪͽһվŵ,ȻּƷ·Ǹĳ߲һڰѵ
ϵĹӻð,պˮֱײֿǺͳུһ붫־˼֡Ŀⲻ̫ͬ,˵Ļȴǫ
,Ϸ㣬ūӡڲ,һӦʳӦ嵭Ϊ,ƽҲӦ͡
߲,һϴӡ
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ĸϲý㣬ýЦĸ˵ҹӦÿǡýޣĸýĵ֪˿ࡣ
ʱֻҪԼù,ĸһϲˣƫ,ҲĸǰЦҲٿ,ĸȻϲ,˵̫ľګ
ľګľګ,Ѳ⡣
ֵǲ֪¡
ΪϷ˵ĸЩûٴӹܽߣλﲢû̫ء
ȻѧװˣҲ֪Ǹʲôѧġлŵڶ⣬ССҰĵǲС
ŮŮǿҲ֪أʹϲֶ̨Σһǵ֮
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֣ҲǱΣĿԡ
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ǸеԶҲһϳ˭ֻλѹĽӦǽ͵ҶҴ
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һĹǡһ˶
Ժյĳ뿤ͬжӭߣȴѰŮӵ
˵ʲôĸо˳⣬δκһŮӸܵڶѡ
ĹΪѩϲԷЩլŮӣжѭ浸أԽƽΪĽ֮˱ǳһʼδ˵ҶҹκβǣҲΪҶҹֲͬ˵ȡ
һһǰһѩ԰˲һֿٹһһŵسߡ
߰ɡߵ˵
ӵ㲻ȥ
ȥˡѩ԰ķ򣬡Ѿ棬Ҿͷˡ
ǳڣټĹ˸ۣһֶ硣ϷЩ겻֣ͣΪˡǱƫֻ¾Ļ£Ϸ˶֡
ǰ룬һף⸮ҲĸϷǱӦûɻһû뵽һֱȢޣûµĸеӭҪ̹
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Ϸ˲ϲΪƻӵĺӡҲϲѩΪѩһĸǰһֱģµľϷ˸ѩѰͽ
лŵڲλл幫ǵϵӡ˽˴ˣл幫ӵķΪֱһλͨ⣬޵ĵط
Դӵ֪ѩװ֪ѩﲢ޽лҡѩΪ˼ڲصļãѩĸôܿ
ƽ˼ңôܻѡһŮΪϱʹΣӵܵԼ
ã˭Ҫྴ
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֮һ֣˻ϲǡ
λҶﻹڣﲻȥ𣿡˵ҶｻãһֱҶǱġǡᣬΪβȥһ
ҡͷǲĺá
ЩԼδô롣Ҷղһؾ֪ѩߵýͼᡣԼǰգֻ˶ΪĸŮģſá
ĵĵߣûоκˡ
ѩ԰ڣ߻ڿޡ
ڵĹʣѾߣɣżѾͷǴɨ˵ģĹݡ
ɣɫ˳ȥֻʣҶ泺ߡ
ҡҲ޵ģ̲סҺÿģҵΪʲô־ôܡ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôôܣԽޡ
޾Ϳޣ޳Ͳˡ
ǰң֪ϲҡŮϲӦõġҴỤҡ֪֪жˡҺ޲øˣҵ׸¿á
Ҷ飬СǴСԣʵϲԼĸ磬ԲŻί
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ѩò˶޵۾ֺףͷҲǺģǿֿɰ
ǹɲòľ֮ЩͲ˼ﻹ곤֪꣬ΪϾܶࡣ
֮õѣҲһ֪ĵĽ㡣
ҽʧˡ
ҺܸˡҶ˵:˳˵ǰЦ˺ޣǰޣ˵ҵԼˡѣҲԶ֣֮ΪҪõ֪ѡҲֹҪĻϲģҸϣֵܷѹ
߸ֹסð˳鲻ԽرסҶ泡
á
⻰Ӧ˵ҶıСһ֪ܲжʶ㡣û㣬ûڵҡн죬ȫΪ㡣Զ֪жҪ
ûߣͲĴԽ
ҶҵĴˣҲ·ˡ
ٴο޳ˣܽѡӲ֪ϻôһˣϲеһУϲ
㲻ҪиҲȥλرҵϲҪ֪ϲһǲӦģǡϲֻҪżһ㡣Һңһʱ㣬׽кϲ
ƵС˲
ԣˮøڡ
ţϣɩɩ


40 
ԭһӵ,ֱĳ־òᡣǲͣس˹岻ػصϷͼӴһϷ
ֱĿ𳤣
ŮŮ,չϲ̨档
Ϸɫ䣬ŭ»,һͲˣ
лҵĵӣŹһϵ,ԸȢһŮ,ǸŮĸ
֪ôĶȻװ
ֵ֪Ϸ˵ϲ,ӲϲǱ,˵Ƕ,ǶҲϲ
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ϷһϣĿڿʼԱߵĴѾͷƲϽ˱ð
һ밲ȥϷ˽˹
ʱ,·˺ˡ
Ϸ˿ǣɫ˲١ϱò˫ȫ,,ԼѡġЩТ˳,¶쵽Ŀ,Ķ⡣Ůģ˴ϱĻġ
Щ治Тģġ
·˹ʺһȻϷ˷޷޵ıԹֵĲ£֪ܿ¡
ģѩﲻϼ޸л幫ӣѵӣһŮɫãƾʲô
ǸҶ泣Ķ
ļˣΪʲôȥ

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ܹ㣬Ǹϲ̨Ը¼£ȥҵҪǸĸܲΪıһŸס
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˵ĻǹҶ׼ġ
Ҷ泼ֱĿ࣬ԼֻƵĵţȴһ󳵻
ƥϺõĲϣ˵Ҷ߿һһƥҶɣװ˺üӡĴׯɽɲ˸ɾиɹʵĲһӣаϺӺ滹ϵֻһֱؽл
Ҳ̫˰ɡ
ѩⲻʡ
ν̫ڱ˿д֮ӡ
ۻţɫкáۣҪ͵ĿɲֹЩ˵ǿⷿԼҲõóٶ
׼ģҲ·ҶҲ֪
˵ܶණﱸµģҶ泽⡣
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ۿԭͻһЩ죬ԸˡﴦΪǣպ˵ʲôҲšֻԼõģֻԼģԼĸо
˵ĻҿޡҲܣҺãҲáЩ˵˵ֲϲңƾʲôǵ뷨
˴ңҺܻϲûĸϵ㸸׺ͿģҲôġֻЩССģҪ³̣Īñ㴦Щ£ҲüףҲԼ
ߺ۵ͷҶ泵֡
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ҶϺҶĸҶýǴһѾѧҶҶֵҲԾСҶΧֻϲֱ֡
ⶼ¶͵ģҶָЩȫ𾪡ƤǳʵЩ治١˼ͽҲЩ˭뵽˽½͵Ҳôࡣ
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ƸȢΪޣǱд㡣
Ϊ˸ӣоΪٶ֪꣬ЩӵܵĵСҪжׯͻݵӣϲò֪Ȥҡ
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ˡ
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¶㽻ãǺ¡үǿүĸ֪ʲôףĸֻǲԼ
Ҷ泵ͷĸ֪ġҺͿ̫࣬ǲܵġҲûô¶ｻҲǳԱġ
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ĸ游ʶģ
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Һһڣҹһʱǡ游ȥݸμԣҲǼСҶ游һ飬һ·
ȻǾһˣ
Ҷĸҡͷȫǻ
ǰĴŮ·صǰưܵĲ˲֪ꡣҳѻУһֲµ֥òͻȻһУôһ˲Ǽɡ
ﶼǵ游һЩ
游һһλӡ
ҶԿ䣬õĳǷǣҲŵεġǳ游游ضǸС
ҶĸЦ游ȷʵѵһӣʱҼֱǾΪˡҲˣĸһ·ءظŰ壬ҲٴɫΪˮޡ
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ĸ
Ҷ泰Ĵָĸѧ
㲻Ŵ
ǺأǾվˣ
ô򵥡ҶĸһŮš游ôã˾١ǼҲв˵ǡʲôǧ֪ǧΪǿ
ĸ
Ҽ޸游󣬲֪˼ʡҿɲЩŹԼӱǡЩŮҲ򲻹ңҪǼˣҿɲӡ
ҶĸŮģ󱻴Ůһѵĳ£뿪ʱЩδǿ˼
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ϲһһ߹۲ɫƣǼҲһֱЦԽ硣
㡭ǲʲô£
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Ҳɡ
ϲ˵ˣҺͿû
ƭˡ˵˺Ůҧ죬Ů˾ͻỳϡϲ˵⻰ʱöطˡǿףֺף񻹱ҧˡ
ҶҧܻӣƭС
ϲ˺Ůҧ첻ỳӡ
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ҽãڱǡ
ǰֺţѣҹлһλչŵĸʥ֡Ͷ˽Ҷ泾ͱϲסˡ
ˬϲ㲶ݡ
ϲ޵ĵصӦѰƫƧҽݣ˶Ŀǡ
ѣ˶Ŀ
һһģǺãūһ䣬ǻطɣ治ʡ
Ҷ泲ȥСҽݣӹҽ
ǿϲôĵӣֲ̫ġ벻ȥҲУҸҽӦҲԡ
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Ҳǻˡ
Ǻã
ˣǵ㡣ūˣʱ˵㲻֮أȥݡСүͷ˾֪Ҳ¡
ҶǷѾͷԶȻˡ
ϲ
ٽԼʲôҲûУȻоһϮ̧ͷȥǸ˹ߵˣϲǸĪеĺ
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ȥȻòԡ
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ת˲䣬Ŀԡ
зŨīƺЮɭɭɱ絶һҶ泵С伫
˭ģ


41 
,ͨˡ
˸߳һ㡣ڵĹ⣬١ֻڵɱ,˲׹Ԩ
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קסĸ첲类ƣ۲ܡλ¿ǲв,Ī˵ûк,ĺʲô˺ӣʲôϵ
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,ʲôӡ
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֡
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ѻ˵ˣˣλ¿ҲˣΪⱲֻϲһ,ϲ˲ӣǹ¶Ҳ֮¡һ,ñǶı,Ȩʦ,ʸָ
,ˡ
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ûʲôѵöһ˿ĹƺµԵɡĺɢȥָǧ겻ĵĮ
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νԪ󾪣ⲻܣ
ϴ³СӾѵСӽʹƹ׽Ūռʦһƭ

ʶ³죬Բˣռʦܿڳڿ
ʦƽ֮ʡ
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ǰڮ٣ֻص
˭룬ػһ⡣
ŲԶǽûЩ롣ϵȨҲã˾Ҳã֮ʱһҲߡе飬һöͭǮ˻ϲޱȡ
νԪѭĿ⣬Ҳʹķ
죬ĴҶˡֱԣǹɲһġΪ檣պ˭ҼΪޣ
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䣬ܺԼ¡
νԪܵϾĴͳ죬Ȼû֮ˡԿռʦŰɣԼĴ㡣
²ܸģźҶһСˡ
㡣
˵⣬ֻǲ뿴ǸνԪ
νԪһϣ죬ұû㡣㿴ҶãԼ²ͬġ
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³죬ԽԽദˡ
ռʦ˵Ǹ㣬˵Ǹ׻˭᲻Ҷһûĸֱһͷĸ
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νԪȲ㲻檣˵ҶﻹһԣһΪ檣һ檣õġ
Ȼһƽһס
ΰ䣬˵˭һԣ


42 
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бŭ˵
νԪԽп֪࣬һʱ֮죬ᱻšƳһĳˣ³,ǵ٩һҶСӾȻ
ˡ,һʱʧԡֻҶ˵ԼԸΪ,ųҲ˵Լ,һп
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Ҫְͣ
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νԪɴ⣬æˡһ·ŲҴй׷һֱ˻£йͷ亹
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۰죬ǳͱ˸Ҳ֡ԼҲ±ʲôбһ±ǨŭҶҶ޸޻ֵңٱᣬպԶͷ֮ա
һʱ鼫临ӣ֪òøҶ泡

ۼ۵ˣɫࡣ
ΪеǻʽģԼʣҲȫԼ
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عصŮӣĲΪ檵ҲˡһصŮӣ˵ʲô檣ֱǲ֪ν
Īǻ޽ɣ
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43 
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о޷Աȴ¡׶룬ʱµпνࡣ,һ㲻ʲôˣֲûм˵á
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Ҷ񣬲ɷ֮㣬ҸױǶǰ̣Ҳҡ



44 
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ֻһ,ΪҪ
СŮΪҪ򣿡
㡭⻰Ļ˵,ǲҪˣԴ׽,ż־弸ŮǺôĵ,Ȼ˴ڴʣ˽ֱ֮ǵ졣
Ҷװǿ,˺α㼤,ɷΪߣĳдԱ𣿸֮£Ⱥ񻶣ԽҵĺӦøӻȸԾմʱ,ǻԸ֮ϣʳŲ֭Թ֮㸲,б̰ĶǸ,ֶΪ
һϯ,ŵԴ˲ڵϡס,ɲؿǰ֪ηŮӡŮӵͷ֪ǲ֪
ڵѹȸнڽʲôҪһɸɾ庮죬ǽ˳һ亹
ʪġ
㵱治
Ҷﲻ£ĶҲڶ֪ԼڶģǸ²⡣ǼĹ򣬾ǹ˺üꡣ
ˣҲˡ
ǰǵɽ𺣣ҲҪӲͷƤȥ
𣿡
˵
˶ţ
ԴƵƵʹӣȻЩˡ
ҶҲµý֪絶ԡһˣһɱˡ⵶ԼģɱȴڱС
ʱʹӵաⲽȥһԴˣԴ΢΢ȻϽ¡
ʹӵҼҴ˲ɱˣҶˡֻǷĻҶҲҽѵ´¶𣿡
ʵ֮ԣȥֺηСŮǹŮӣȴҲ֪ӢҲή
ӢʹӵɫֳЩŹ֣ĿҶ泣㷽ָҼҴΪк棬Ӣôˣ
Ҷûж㣬ԷֻһˣӦö㡣֦ҶïһҶĿ֮³С
ʹЦһҶﳣо֮ԣһŲݰ֪Ạ̊́
˵Է˽̡
һĬʹӱƼ⣬ѹֺúõĹңܻԼ
˵ʱԴ˻ſմһӵˡľȫ˾̬ˡǶ˵˸Ե̬Ⱥ˵Ļ
Ҷ泼϶Ĳ²⣬еԽ
˵ΣҺ᣿
ʹӷΪˣΪΪ֮أһŮӣ״ܲˣΪİ㣿
ȻΪԼڡ
㾹ǰ㲻壿
塣Ҷƽȣֹ꣬һʲô·ԡ۾벻壬Լ·Լߡ
Լ·ԼߣʹĿظ仰
ۣǴδ
ƽȴ֮ݡ
ӣʣԶ··ѶϣָδУ
λӺζ
˿У˱¡
˭˭ҸĸֵܣҽãѡزʶǷҰңȴң˽ҡΪЩ֮˵ԼΪ裿
ʹٿɫ䡣
ƵĻǰ
˻飬ȴ˵˻縡ƣɢʱ٣ƾʱӰΪЩӰ֮Ȼˣֵ̫á
ǰŮӣȻǸΪʲô˵⡣
ѹҳղӣԭ˲֪ͬǸ߿ԼȻ΢糾¿
֪Լ΢Ҳ֪¿߹ܿܿͼ۸ߵͻǹԴһؼ䡣ҲãľҲգ²޲ͬĽ¿ǡ£Ψ֮򣬾֮⡣
ʹۣԽ֡
Ůӣȷʵڲͬ
һΨ֮򣬾֮⣡ȲԸΪ檣ѵ޽ɣ
ҲԸΪ檣ζִΪޡһ֮˺ѵãԸݻϲֱϣкβɣ
Ϊ檣Ҳޡ
ơ
ã˵
߰ɡ
Ҷԣתߡ
һߣλԴ˸Ͻǰ
¡
ʹӰ֣ع
ǴӲ¥ųȥһ۵ʱȻ֮С
ãҶ泴Ӳ¥ǽ
¶ˡ
Σ֪
һ⡣
⣬ȴɡ
ţҪһϻƱȥ㡣ȸжЩЦã˵˵Žȥ
ӣҶҶֵȥѧ⣬ҶҼǹűջ˳ŲҲȥҴҲ˽̸
ˣҶһ̽Ϣ
չȥ޸ϢҲûлϢӷ·𱻸ǣûҲû
Ҷ֪ΪλںǾʹضҶҵȫڵһ֮䡣
գҶһλϡ͡
·Ͼ
Ҷܳϻ̳ϿֵؽӴ
⣬ǹĸҪЩһֱҶ߶ȻǰҶҲܳΪĸࡣ
ҶҷС󣬴δܹĸ֮ͽֵ֮顣˶û֮УΨλýĴжֻԷΪѹΪ˵κûҶңԷҲ޵õ΢Ըý𾴡
˵ýãദʱӺ͡
·ȫһӦ˭Ҳǡ˵ϸ
˲裬˵ģҶСдλý㡣
·˶豭Եմһ£÷£ҲȥҡǰЩȶ֪֪ǲͬô
һ仰ҶϺۿףѩ̼ѡҶҳ£ý㻹Ըţɼһ֮ˡ
Ҷףﻹȥý㡣
㣬ЩҡʵȲѡ
֪˵֮ҲΪߡЩ꽥ĸȰҲЧίʵż
ҶϸǶݣˮҲ̲ס
·˼״ǿǰοû˵Լ⡣
ԭҲӣһ˼ô¶ҶҶȴǴ洦÷ڻ˾Σү˵֤֤ȫ¶ŭ
ǹү˵ģǱ¶ŭ
ҶǰһܳŮ֮Ȩ˼ҵı߶ţﾭסŻͷ
㡭Ҹô죿
ǵˣ֪ܲĿԡΪ֪ӼѣҲܵһˡ˵䲻ĻΪ㣬Ҹ¡
֪֪ΪҺãǡѾףǱǺ޼ҡ
֮ĶԹǶ֪ģҲͷģ֪ءŮԹгŮҶ׵ĵΣ޸ϵ÷Ҳ˰ǲģ񲻽Դϲ
ҶϵĿʼ˺ʼҡڡ
һŮһɷ
·˼ֻ޲˵ߵܵͣĳ֪ģһºµĺӡ˵Ҫּˣʱ򼴱ٲϲ㣬ٲϲҲܲߵ
ǼǰҶһĶ
ڡ
߸Ȼֻ֪Ժȣȷʵ͡ǸճӸʵҺӣ˵ǿ̿ࡣ
û֮ǰЩ£ҶϻǺġ
ҡ
ܾĻ˵ڣɷ˾
Ҷ޸޻æ˶ûСԸ棬˵үվͻᱻų
ֻЩԽ˵ʲôҪֻ࣬ܵȺ
¡
һֱɵȥȴĽ
·ǿΪѣ˴£ú롣ΪһõתܻҵĹϵΪҵһõĹޡҲҲõ¡ǧĪԼȥ÷˶Ůǵǰ̡
仰ɱ
һӵģϣԼẦɷһģԸΪŮǵۡοҶ˼ֶŮصŮˣǺ³Ϊˡ
·˼þգҲûָһξ˵á£˭ÿǸգɡ
ʱǡ
ҶϼȥһžͿվµĴŮ
̵ҶïۡҶвһССĹʵŰװ׵ϸëµŮһ£ʩɫС⽿ۣüȴŲ͵
·²죬ӳ浱һˡÿһΣͻֶᷢԷĲͬ·ɳʯȥĴֲ˽ڴʵļ
ָо˼ĳԭѾԵĶͻȻƿصı仯ֱ仯ûϲ˲
·Ϊ˵׵ģ
㻹СЩ㲻Ҫ֪Һĸ׶ΪãǲẦġ
һẦ
ҶЦ·ˣȥǸ϶ҼңҲǲСֻҪˣһТǼսţϱΪᡣ
Ҷϵһ⻰˵ʵ̫ˡ
·ȴͫ΢ȷʵһˡҲǿ⺢ӳģǸҡ֮ˣƲơ
ѵǰһֱװģ
ˣĻǺε
һαۼˡĸҲף㸸׻˾Σĸĸ𣿡
Ҷ泰˽ڳ޵ĲŮλоֹȷʵͻݴֻԼĸоϲϲϲǲϲ
·ˣиĸֲ˽ѵ⣬֪ȰڵĵĪҪԼŮû̺ãḺ́ܽ˵Ů㣬̳ǵαŮæŹ̶ܽﻹ˼ı˼ҵ¡
·ԣͫٴ
̫ˡСһ𳤴к֮ģЩôᴦЯ㣿
ǲᣬ֪Ҳ֪ߺ´αˡɨ˳ȥ˵ȥҲ
˵ŮӲһҪͻݲ㣬֪Ӧýǡٳѿ֮ܣЩǷǡӦ֪ʧĵ˵ȥĻʱ壬ȥĿԼ
⻰˵ģҶһ͡壬һ˫н˱ˣҲԼ
·ָ뿤ү֮£ĸҰͲõȥָʱһһˣҸĿڻһ
·һʮͬĿ⿴Ҷϡ
ãҲǲסһ̾Ϣˣú˵
ҶϾѿڨڨ·ˣ
·Լ̫ѨȥƣߵѾͷ״ϽԱ簴Ħ
ˣҶʵ֪ôһģҶﻹ飬Ȼڮٴǿɶ
ˣôһСƽϡ˵ҲܣԼºǻں޲Խҧ޷ԼãҲű˲áֲɵӣЩ
˵üǣǰƷ˵죬Ҳû˵Щ
Ͷ˵䣬ۿžҪӡ
ͻȻǰ洫һãԼɼƵĹ졣һƣ·˱֪ǹ˳ּ
ϳǶΪͨԱҲ֪λ˱µۡ
ţ³
ͣܵһߡȴԽԽǳߵӶüͷƿһǡ
һʧɫ
ִʥּĹˣȻǱ¸ǰһˣǼҪּ⣬ò
˼䣬ֻߵѾͷһ
ˣǡȥҶң


45 
Ҷҡ
ҶһؿԼĴŮ,ʹýǰԣľ˵ЩʵЩ̫ý,ƽϡ
ﲻϲ´´ҲЩ,ҲһЩִܹý㣿
ý׺,Ӳִ,ȻҲ˽ڳޡҴý˵ЩǾ
,ĸҲǺġ
Ҷһſë޵С,ЩСӳζƫ,ΪСĶԡ
ʱ,ϴҽɡ
ϲ·ˣûġ´ӱϿ·ף˵ĻʵҲͨ,ƫ
,Ǻɱ˵涼ڴԼҽʱʲô˵ױҲ˵ѡ
ҶϲԸŴýˣΨһ˵˾Ǵý㡣֪㲻ϲ´ĸһ,ʱΪԼҽףԲš
Ϊ,ǹĵҷ,ҵĵճŮ,ƾΪµ˵֪,֪Ҵе֪ԼҽʱΪβǳֹ
Ҳ֪Դ˵Ϊˣ
֪֮Դ˽µƷԣ˵ġ֪£·ô֪ܲ
Ҷҭһʱ޻ԸԼýˣ˵ĻҲҲɷ鼫Ϊìܡ
⺢ӡ
˵ӡһԣʵѸı䡣
ҶǺǻĸףҼ޳ȥĹ̡Һ񲻶Ըһ϶վԼŮһߡŮͬһӪָΪ˱˶ԸԼŮңܡȰĪҪٺպΪѡ
·Щ⣬Ҫôǵ̫Ҫôơһ֣ʵҪΪעҶҵĳˡ
ҶԭЩŮ˵̫̣Ψٻϸһ⻰ּеˣҲΪ˶ԸԼŮҡ´ﲻͣԼֺҶסʱһָʲô¶ˣʱýΪԼŮҲٺ
˵׵ģֲġǲԸ˵ǣα˵Ļġ˵꣬̾û֮ǰ£߷ǸӵǺʡ
Ǹе˼Ҷ롣
û֮ǰ֣ȷʵ
ͬѾףƾԲ
Ҳǡֻ㸸סҶ˵ҳ֣ɷ»ءֻҳֵ泼Ҽ޹ȥ⻰˵ڡǧ˼ᣬǻһ̾Ϣ㸸Сһֱţĺ𣿡
Ҷ泸ش𣬱֣ʥּĺ
ҶϻһЩιȥ
᲻㸸ױˣ
֪˼ңҲ˴ּǳҵּ⡣
Ҷǰ֮²̸ϳšЩǾ˵أȥ˼Ҵּ
䣬ƽ
ȫܳҶ÷ҶĸͼѾͷһÿ˵ϻٶž֡
ĸסҶϺҶĸ
Ҷĸ׽Ұһ£ΪܵǣҡҲ乫֮һ⣬Ÿڵе
¶࣬ܿ
£Ķ㲻ֻҪһһ𣬴˴ͷ
Ҷĸ߹ˣ¾Ǳͨ˸šһӵŮ죬ѾͷŵɫɿҶϣ׼ȥš
Ҷס
㲻ģȥš
˶ſȥ˴šһִƹĹһȻһʥּ곤̫࣬Ǽλģˡ
Ҷһ곤̫࣬һȻѹλԴ˵ֹмֹ죬ȴԭ̫硣һ㣬곤̫Щ̫ȻûκεӺͰ
΢˵һߡ
̫һչʥּһҶּ
Ҷ˶ʱһأҶҲԼĸߡ
ҶһƬհףû˭ֻּּ֣嶶µýһ뵽Ҳһ龰ǻ̡̻
ҶةҶ֮ŮҶ򣬶֮ţ빧Тݰ󳤹֮Եศɣּͻ顭
ͻ飿
˽ԾȻǽʥּǴͻʥּ
ҶҲˣôҲ벻ǴͻʥּΪԼ˵Щ˱µʶһЩǸһЩ䣬û뵽ȻǴͻ飬ҴͻĶ
ôܣ
ӣ޲ΪԼȢɣôῴ
˾ȣοҶĸҶϡҶĸʶ㣬Ҳûķ·תҶϸǲ˵ͬ͡
ʥּ¶һЦģֻЦʵǼǿȥޱȵĹ졣
Ҷ泽ּ
Ҷˣңҷ㣬Ҳһ
Ҷϲ
ˡ
Ҷæϲʹɫϲһ£Ȼûлع
ʱҶĸȷӦҶûȡӡҶʵҲûõȥС׵ˣͦ졣
ûоӣЦŴС
Ҷ֮ǰֽ⡣ƵҶóԸʵǿϲɺء
˵ԼٰԴһ£ҲǸҶһ͡
Ҷ泵ԼǣѣԵҸжģΪΨּ⣬ʥպ¿򳪸Э͡
⻰˵ȻҲΪƽ⡣
ƵƵͷֱ¶࿴λҶȷʵ˵áѰŮէԼͻ飬򶨡
ūһὫԱ֮¡
ʾãΪǺҶ泽Ե
ҶĻ֮⣬ϣл
ּѵǡ
һߣҶš
һתһ
ǡôʲô
ҶĸҶϣͼѾͷĿҲȵˡϲֺΪ˷ܶ͵÷죬˹
㡭Ժǿˣ
ǿҲĹˡ
ҹĽһǻҲԲˡΪԼҹ￪ģĵ̲סһȾ˶ϲʱһƬ
Уһޡ
޵ҶϣҶҲ֪ΪʲôӦúܸ˺ܿģЦЦţͻȻͿ
ÿġûϲء
ڲٱˡ
ҲԵ˳ᱻ˳Ц
ôϲ¿ԺҲö񣬱˼ۡ
̫ˣ̫ˡ
պҲ㲻֪ܣ˵ǳ롭´͵Ļ飬ĿΪˣ̫ˡ
ҶõۿҲʪˣ԰׵ΪϲԵö˼Ѫɫ㣬޽ͿպͿһˡ
ϲؿ޳ǴѾͷ˭֪жϲүҲ˭֪˼жء
ںˣҪ޸¿ҲȻˡ
̫ˡԺ޸үĲ϶ܲҩ
Ҷ泼ȸжЩЦá
ƭˣ˶ΪֻԼ֪ûзǷ֮롣
²ھУջؾ֮Ȼ֪Լ˻飬֪ǧ겻᲻Ϊ𾪶ѡ
ף
뵽ʲô۾С
˵²ֹһΪԼָ飬ȴһֱδԸӦǸ̫·ͣκŮӶ벻ۡ
˴αͻȻͻ飬ھеʱ
ѵǾ
ڼһһž˫Ĵ
ʱҶϵĿѽֹĺ£ʹǿޣҲޱȵϲáһͣϲҲиŲˡ
ϲᣬȻһ¡֮ǰµҪҲ֪ĵ̧ͷǴּĹһۣоƺе죬ϸ벻˻ԴԼ϶ǿˡĹһССѾͷôܼҹԺϿ˵ܽʶ
ʥּϿ˵ʱɻ飿
Ȳ
Ҷv
ͷһԼһ˫۾һգգޱȳݵؿԼ㣬
ʲôҶʧЦ
Ҳ֪Ǿôú˵Ļ񶼺еÿһֶඥҲǶԵģտʼôԣҲɶԵġ
ûôá
ͻ飬ҶԼ˹ʺˡ
ʥּչֵؿȥ
ǴԺһƷھˣҶָһʡ
һƷھͲͷʥּ˵ġ
Ӧǵġ
ͻʥּҶ泺⡣Ȼ²͸µʲô˼ҶҶʵռ˴ˡһƷھĿԺЩ뺦ǵˣ۸ǵ˶Ӧõһˡ
ҶϼŮʥּڿ
ʥּù
ҶĸҲͣȷӦ÷㾴
ʥּ
ҶҵǶðˣ´λһҪ֮ڡ
ʱҶ˵㣬¶Ϳ˻飬ǲҲ£
Ļˡ
ҶĸҶͬʱӦҶ泡
Ҷ䲻֪µ⣬һԿ϶¿Բ֮
һ仰ɹ˷ġ
Ա¶¿۰ôܻΪָһﳼ֮Ů˶Ϊʲô»ͻ飬˽ͬҶ仰
ҶϷģˮֳƵĻ䡣
ʥּһ㡣Լһѣ̲ŵߵҶĸĸףǲΣǼҪ޸¿ˣ
Ҷĸɫãʵξþòƽ䣬һڻҪմ̼
ԼĴŮĶףоֹ̥һ㣬ǰӡ
ĶĴִţȻһɳʯеݣ
ԭ֪ʱȻģľͬʱޱȵοԺҲֻòȣϿĳƺ
ֻҶʲôŵڣôͻȻͱ˻飿
Ӵͻ飬⡣
⣬˲֪ҶԼҲ²͸
Ҷ泸ܵԼĸɵĿ⣬һЦ
Ҷĸ˼ʾŮԼķ䡣
Ҳùţôš
Ҷ֪ĸҪʲôŽǰշһһ
ҪҶĸ̾Ůͬʱֶ⺢˵Щʮ
±֮Ի̽¿ڱǰ˵ʲô֮̽ӦΪƷԣнյĴͻ顣
Ǹиġ
֮󣬱д󸣣˳ϲˡ
ҶΧ˲ˣЩ֮ǰԶԶҿ´ùͷ֮֮֡УðտýһЩҲʥּݡ
뿪Ⱥըһ㡣
棿ǳҵּ𣿡
ʲôңǴͻ飡һǴͻ˹λ¿
ȻǴͻ¿
ܰɡҶ˻˾ղǴҶҪùˣĺ£
Ȼģ˵ʲôһƷھҶҪˣ
ǼҴ캰ϲ¿Ƕ˵ǳ롣¿˼һ³ˣĸ
Ҿ˵Ҷǹﳤþиǻš
ҶҵĴŽգЩȴԸɢȥ
һһ޲±ȫǡ
һֱͣ·ߣڵպǹŹ֡·ԴǴͻʥּ֮һֱһԲ˭Ҳ֪ʲô
ѾͷӴҳһ
֪˶ãֻ˺ҶҵλСӻˡ·γһ㣬˵һҶҵʥҲͷˡ
ߣҶֵܲ
ǾҶҵλӡ˵Ӽѧ˾Ϳһоγ֮ţһš
ǰʦڽֱͻ¿ҶҵλӿǺø
ŮǶôиҿҶ˲и֮ˡ
ɲǣһ˫Ů绨ִϻۻ飬ҿҶ˵ĸںͷָЩ޳ȥĹҶ׵ĳŮи
·Щϥϵֽ˽


46 
ҶҶСŻ,ѧҲԶϢҲÿ졣һͻϢҲסҶ
Ӽ״,ǵϲȻ׼ǽЩѧ
ҶС,ֶ̣ܵȴǲ쵽ſʱ,ȻһܵҶǰ,š
,ǻˣ
Ҷ,Ͻöȥš
⻹δɢȥΧ֮˼Ҷҵſ,Цŵϲ,˵ż黰ӦţλӽȥͽŹϡ
⼸ھӼǶߣ޲ԽԶԽáǼҴﱻͻ,Щֱһ
,Ҫ𣿡Ҷһžʡ
ҶϻۣȴЦ
԰ԺǹˣҲµġ
ҶһŵȭͷɿҪ쳤,ڴ㻤ǣԺҲҪŴͼˡ
ҶƵתת,ڿԼҴĸ,˸߲ҵܵҶߡ
,ϲϲ
СС˶,ѧŴ˵ģҾ
Ҷ泱ˣȥƽӡ
ллҶСӡ
лǴи
һ·ϣû˵˵и˵Ҷˡ
԰ҾиҶЦԼСܣϲ䣬ҼСҲմմĸԺԪν֡
ϲʹ㿴һԼҹֹ·ƺֽһЩĸִ࣬ԺʱǵطҪٷſһЩ
Ҷ泺ҶֳһţһⶺŪһŤСȥԺصҶЦ
ˣҶҶϡ
㣬ͷ𣿡
ȻС˶ǰҲһЩԷΪǺԴһͷ
⣬Ҷסˡ֮ǰ׶治֪һԿ϶λ¿ͲС
ϡ
ڲϡ
ҶСƵĿڣҾͷˡ
⻰Ҷ泴Цֳֺһš
ҶҳɢȥһƬЦ
һߵ¹·˻δʱѾõ˱´ͻϢϢͻ𵴣𵴹ǽ塣
·һ븮ȥϷ˵Ժӡ
δԺܸ֪յĲԡ
Ϸ˳һǴҳףɫЩŤ˽ͬĿⲻݡ
ĸҶ泾ܼ޸磬ĳƷԣ䲻϶磡
Ǳ´ͻ飡
ǲԸ⣬»ջּġ޷Ҷ泳ΪԼĶɩһ뵽Ǹ˲ӣֱҪˡ
·ŽȥͬؿԼŮǿǱ´ͻ飬Ī˵ĸ㸸׳棬Ҳ޷ñջּ⡣ǰȷв֮պ޽¼ңĸ̵һı䡣
Ϸһ⻰ΪȻ
ʥּΥ
ĸϱ֪£̱ܽǡ
ЩǴϱΪƽ⣬ҲΪɫÿ࣬кϱԼߡ
̫ˣ¶ˡ
ĸ׶ң֪⡣ԭǺԵ˳ջŸ˵סû뵽Ȼ컯¼ȷʵԵ
ϷһպţĸĴǲ㣬Ǳ硣
ϱҲͼãֻǿĸͬǽõķϣ;һٴ´ͻ飬ҲһƬ飬ҲԺܺúùӡ
Ϸһߣ˵۰۰ȻҲָôһŻ顣
˭Ҳ塣
źҺúùܽ¼Ҷ
ϱʡá·Т˳Ӧ£뵽ʲôƵüϱֻµʱܵöˣǺӲֵ̣
Ҳ̣㾡̣ܽǸҶײ㣬ҾͲţһССļƤӣܷ첻ɣ
·˻üɫЩǿ
ʱ˽˵ǹүղųˡ
Ϸɫһ䣬۵׾ᷳ
˶˰겻ɢ

Ǭڣ㡣
ΣĿ⸴ӵؿǰ¹Щ¹ٲ볯£ӵĴ١
̼ǵúܶǰͳڹδޣʱǵʱʱǸӣ׽Լʽ㡣ʽ֮⣬׽ıλ´ˡ
¹ҹΪ˴ͻһ¡
£λҶʵǲ磬ͻһ³Ϊס
ʥּ£ɳء
С֪
¹Ȼ֪ܲ
Ǳ󣬿ӡΪһΪػΪһλŵԵҵŮλҶϳ΢ʵ벻ͨΪλὫָ
ȡһݹ
¹ӹһ澹ǳּ飺ΨԸһˣײ롣ɾն£ƶɽˮ䡣ʯΪԵ
ֽֿʼ忡ϾǱʹ
ˣӲݻǵλڸǳڣҲᷴŻ¡
֪˶ãƽʣ£䣬ԸʥּҲ޼¡
¹ΪԸ
Ը⣿
һͣƷв˵ŮӣôԸ⣿
ûлش𣬶ǿ¹
ʮˣ˽нԶھȻˡң뵱꣬Ϊ˺ͻʽԶվԼ
ǻḨҲᾴǡ˭뵽һȢˣһ޸ˣȥô硣
ã˵ȻտʼԸҲԸ⡣
¹ԣ˲ή١
ôˣ¶Թ
Σˡ
ʱһ´硣
´磬¹ȴһͷЩѲ׷أǲҪһԶ룬ֱͬİ·

ͻĵڶ죬ҶİûжҲû
ͻĵ죬ˡ
Ҷ˿ʼסҶ泾ȥ̽һֱ̽ȥڵĶξνԪνԪĵһ仰ǹϲ
ϲҶϲҶ
лδˡ
ҶǾȤ޾Ŀ⡣
νԪգ˭뵽ҶһᷭأҶĸ׻˾Σȴѱ´ͻɵӣܿҶ˱ض¡
ΪβˣҲǰ˼⡣
˿Ҷֱǰ˾ʱΪص˭Ҷ泣˾Ǯ
Ǹ
̫ˡ
Ҷһϲóǰ͸Լǿ塣
ʣνԪһ𾪡
ⶫô
¿ġ
νԪһ˵ģ
ǡ
Ҷ泴νԪķӦУԼҪԡΪػһƶտʼֻһصƷѣֱʱϵƣһ֡
һ໰Ǹ죬ʱ˵仰𣿺Ϊֻһͨ塣
δˣôǺҸһ棬ɳɣ
νԪĿ⸴ӣ¿˽᲻ӡ
³С϶Ҷֲñ»ͻȻͻ顣
Ҷ泴Ǳֱ֮ȥ˾šˣһϳȻʮֹȥͨ
ĹǮˡ
Ҷ泲ҪһЩʮͣȲ֣Ҳ׶񡣷мʱ򣬳Ҳ㡣һ˾Ȼ˾ų֮⣬ŷɥȻ˲òࡣ
಻񣬵һ˫ȴƹеûֶ֮ˣĿɪɪ
Ҷ֪ڴԼ˵⡣
Ǯ壬ʱ¡
ҹʱﾲ򡣡
Ҷ֪ͬˡ
ɫ糣һл
ʱһϢͣҶլ⡣ȥһλģĳ֮⣬ˡ
ģ˾
һ£ǳһԲֻ˼ݳȣںڰҹ鳵
һ·򱱣ֱͣһլǰ
룬Ҳ֪
ȥһӡӲճʱ鷿һƫ
ʱΣϾȻһȲ裬ġǼõǰʮ־£һɻյһ֣ġ
°µͨʣһӦܵ޶Լͣ̽Ĵ
ҡҷӰء
ǰŸеɳ©ʱŴ汻ƿʶͷϸ˫۾
ô㣿
ҶǰۣȻоԼ˴һصŵصڵĸѾĴ㡣
һ·ڲᱻȥɲ⿪ʱǰһšΪһƿǵûҪ˾ȻԼŮ
Ҷæȥ¡
ף⼸ջ𣿡
Ҷһʱûж룬æ˵ԼãŮġ£֪һаģǷġ
˵Լץһ£ǳ̾
λ֤ѧӣΪͬΪϣƽٻչһû뵽չ˾ָ֤Լ֤ЩţЩЩǼ٣ٵּԼ棬ɼ֮˺εȴĻǡ
֤֤ȫǺԩҲ˻š
Ϊǡܵڹ£Ϊĳ£ǵǰҲܵӰ졣Ϊѣǲἰǲ֮ƣװͿ
ǼгŮΪڣһֻܿ㡣Ϊһ֮ⲻˡʱլӣĸĸ׺͵ܵûݡ
Ҷ泸һ裬ף黹ûеһ
ʹΪáҶΪٶ֪꣬İһ֤֤ȫûзĿܡץգѶҲ˹ʣһձһճء
ԩĻᶼûУ㡣Ҳͨ·̽ӣлᰲһС
ͷɬΰǰĲ衣ˮһڣ;ò̫ԡעģüͷԽ
ĿڷŲ豭ֿʼ
Ǹ˭
˾εǮˡ
Ҷԣˮơ
λǮ˾еһ֮ƣ˵Ƴ޹ǣֶμ̺Ȼ˵·ӣֱ뻢ıƤ
ȥ
ס
ߣϽʰ뾩Īٹҡ
Ҷæסף˵鲻Ѿˡ
˵ʲôҶͷ𣬡㡭㶨ˣ
ôܻԽŮסԴֻһİӱĸŮ
һȭϣ;ӿͷ
ˡʲôҪܣż˸Ͻ뿪ǣ
ף²ˡ
˵˾ˣҶͺۿ졣ΪµġߣΪ׷ǡ
ҶҲۿҡͷ
ΪʲôҶ۾ʪˣΪԸǰ
ף鲻ҲȷʵˣΪǱ´͵Ļ顣
Ҷѣס
´ͻ飿
Ҷ泵ͷԣʥּ
Ҷ·˼££˻˾ŮȻ´˻顣
ŮԼڵϣڿŮˮǰơͷԽԽҵ
ãʣ͵Ļ˼ң
ף¿
Ҷˡ
ǰŮŮ˵ÿöһҲöȴһ顣
¿
ĸ¿
¾Ȼָ¿
ⲻܣ
һΣ
һжΣ
ףס
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
Ҷһͷף
ΪǲΣ
ףΡ
ΣҶ˵ţݺݴһԼĿڡ
ʹ
ĲΡ
Ŀ⾪ɣؿǰŮûа취˵ԼҶʲôŵڡʹûг£Ҳ̨׶ţο
Ĳǲˣ
ŷ֢롣
ĻȻȥ
Ҷ泴õĸоĲɳ˳ѵǲ£ȫû

ߣ
Ҷ۾ѾˣվŮ첲һţǸˣʱľ
ҹɫУһԺС
īһ糾಻⻪



47 
Ҷ泱׳Ÿ첲,ڿʱŮ˽һģҶΪλҶ泾Ȼʱˡ
ү
¹ټ´ˡ
Ů˼ͬ
һ߽,ÿһҶһԽԽʵĸоǰˣٿŮ,øС
Ĳ
ˡҶװϲӣʵﲻͻȻͻ,λ¿̹Ȼ
,ȻӦȻֻһš֣ȴһ,ĪϷ޶ԻĴ
һҹɫ̫Եʵġ
롣
ҵǱԩġ˵
Ҷʱžѹ,ⲻΡ
´,¹ûܹ,Ҳûѭ˽飡˾Σ˵ӹ˾š¿̨ͨĶʷ,Ȩ쾩еİӡ
İ,Ϥ֪ԩػỹһ
Ҷæл
ҶŵôԣȴͻȻ˱µ⡣ֲñ´ͻ֮󣬻һֱø׵İӣԭǵᡣ
ܴͻ,Ȼ¡£ǸױΣӡν,޿ײ롣
ʱõָ,ǰҶ۾Ҷһ˵һ,Ȼһܳĸоԭ֮,˴Ůĸ
˵Ĵͻģ
Ϊʲô
˵Ůǧã˿´ϵ֮𡣱Ǻ⣿¿Ǻ⣿
ĥţţȻǴߡ
ޱߵҹտԺӣֻʣҶ泺ˡ˳ɢĵƹ⣬밵ҹɫʲô֮໥ת
˵ǰҶ泶˵ֻ̬Զۣ̬ΪͻЩ΢
ñĳңɼ챦Ȼ䱻˷ϡָо΢е㲻ţеϲϲһֱıԼ˽޲ְ档
֪ͻ֮𣿡
š
һ֡
á
㹻ƽ
СŮҲ֪ΪͻȻͻ飬֪бضԸСŮϸʥֻּ˵ͻ飬δڡǿϲһֱȥСŮԹԡ
ʥΥҲûпӿꡣʵ۹ⲻָڣҲǸԼ˺·
֣̽治֪ͻѵҲ֪࣬Ҫһϱ
ⶨʱ֪
»Ҷ泡šһȴǰתǧأʲô˼ѵԸʥּȢţ
Ȼˣñ̬Ҫö¶ˡ
ģСŮ֪֮ļ޽ҲСŮʱ㣬󡣡
֮⣬Ըֻһ֣ʲôҪ
ԣһɲĿ⿴һۣ
˵ң𣿡
ǡСŮϲ֮СŮ֮й֮޲СŮҹ˼ȴа֮ġ
һȻ󾭹ߣֱӡſڣһʱҲǣҲǡ
ǰɣƺЩס
ȥɣЩ֡
ڵºɫһۡ
˲丣飬ǰӹǼ
һ·࣬ЩЪϢ
ֺõ˵ţ¶һϲЦ
һЦƻŨּޡɫȾھ׵ڣǡƴ١ӣɫĴڵƻԽΡ
Ҷ泸о޳ӰԼΧȵϢ޴ӡȻоԼĴס˫۲ŵصɵϴ
Ȼ
һ죬˱һΣƺԵ١
֪˶ãԼҪϢʱڵõѡڴڵغţоԼÿҪĳǻҲ׵
һֻĦıż׵һ¡
㵱ʲôˣ
Ŀү
ݣƾʲô˵Ǳǣ
ģʱˡ
˵ġ
ǲ£֮¡ҪСŮЩʲôСŮԸƴȫ
δ˵꣬һʹ
Ǳҧˡ
ҵֶ֪ģҶģҾıǣȣҲȥˡ
̫ˡ
Ҷ泶챻ſˡ
һ뵽Լ̱ڴҪ˶ʺ̺Ĳ״ǱҲԼжסвԼˡ
ҲܣҲȥϲֻпһˡҲҪڿĻ
á

ͻϢ贫ϳǵǣٵǡƽ࣬֡ϳǱǹԱ˶ּ࣬ⱳʥġ
ˮ͹һ㣬һƬǰһҲޣԵ޹ʱͻ飿
˶ڲ±µ⣬ؾ֮ķӦ
֮ĵһ£۳˾ԪµһСԪƹ˶꣬˽ڸ׿ԣһڽ졣
ϵ۸ӣԪ˶꣬Ҫ⵹ס޾ԵȨƺ͹˵ֶΣ̵֮ʱɴ¡״״֤ȷ䣬ѱѺؾŭһᵽףƽɽһ
Ԫ±»ȻһƬ
𾪵ǣĵڶ¾ȻǽҶİӣҲϡν֤֤Ǽٵģ֤ѧӱȥӼࡣαЩ֮ˣһֱҶԸˣҲѱժñΪ
УٴĿࡣ
𾪵ĲֶΣӱÿһλδĿйأ˲ǹΪ֮
˵´ͻδûԵɡ
Ҷ˵ľбųƽصС
һ˵ſӭӣ裬ˮɢù֮Ҷϵķԡ¡
ҶȫžۣϲпԲ˵
һҹעߡ
ؾǡ
ŸҶ泣ǱԼޱȵϲ֮飬дϲּƷ˵ԼûŵϲֻĸҪ̼Ҷ泸տʼһֱЦȿϷ˲֮Цݱ㵭ȥŨŨĳ
գʹҶҡ
ͲͷһƷھĶᣬһƷھĹơȥЩһЩ޳еʹͣѸɻӡ
³ν
ҶȥӼֵȫŮɶΨжǽǡɲѧҶֵҶΪҶҳӣƽһӭĴ
Ҷ뵽ϵ£Īһս㱼һֶȲĴԼǸ
˻᲻ڻԱεɧ֮
ʹһʱƸ͵ˡ
ҶԺСƸѵ޴½šĿ޳ԣεϲϲ۾ֱˡ
ôĹضһֱԺ
ҶĸҶһʰһӵⷿϱ˴ŶŮͼѾͷϽȥæǰԺҶ泺ҶҶֵˡ
ҶƸ䴩󣬱ѧŹŲӡ
һʱͷһʱװǻƵ°ͣҶ̿ҲźࡣЦȥţ֮˺ŵһ顣
ô
һϻ䴦弪ơգֱǡo
Ҷ˫ȷ뵱û
ӣԼаӡ
ͻȻоʲôڳԼ°ڣͷȥֻһҵĺͯŰֵԼ
ǿү
š
λӦþҶӣСӡ
ҶƵ۾㳤ÿҴһÿҴŮҲ𣿡
β磬Ҷ
Ů
Ůࡣ
ģ˳ԡ
Ҳɡ
˫ȾѪ겻֪٣ôɡ
Ҳԣǲ㡣Ҷɷµ˵ţһǿݺǴȵСģ·ܵҶҵŮռıˡ
Ҷ泷ԼСܾǸտأ˵ЩʲôԼСʣүе𣿡
С
й𻨸⻹ˮ𣿡
СܲǸտأǸԻ
С˵
Ҷ۾ˣϲԹ𻨸⣬һϲˮ⣬ϲԹ𻨸⻹ϲˮ⣿
ʲô⡣ӵ¿Ҳ벻гһջϲԹ𻨸⻹ϲˮ⡣
СĲĵܵܣӲС
Сģ
ȥСĻŭλ¿׼ȥԼСܣԼСˡ
˵㲻ϣԭģһΪһͷ
һ飬ظоϵˣĵСıضǴλʹϽһѱСܣ˳Сƨ졣ڨȻ¶һЦݣֺõؿǰˡ
ͯ޼ɣͯ޼ɣˡǲȵˮ
һš
ԺӼССһ޴½š
Ҷ泵ͷ״¾ɲö˶˵ʲôƸֲǲ֪Ҷʲôѵˣ
ʾҶȥԺˣ졣
Ҷҵݲ㰸ķʡС̫ʦΣұһľӵ硣
Ƴ޲ʵβһֱµŮͷߣɫǽƺܽš
ܿ죬ŲҴҡ
Ҷĸһ˫ͨ͸۾ʱŹ⡣
ϴΪҲһЩ棬ȥɷǰȻǰӵòޡģѹִŮ֣˼
һϽ£ֿ
첻ǰ£˵ʲôˣӦװסð˺Щ·Ǹظ˴
λ¿ǻϺ£ӦøΪ
Ī˵ǿүһͳⳤ࣬ҶĸЦ棬ﻹʲôˣʻڶôǷʲôҪҶ׼¡
Ҷż¿ļؾ֪ĸѵ࿴Ѱĺɣ
һһˣʣ̬ڵĵ͡
Ҷĸʱʱ˱ǿ׳죬ֻû׼λδŮƽ׽ˣԽԽ⡣
˼һվڶϱĴŮ
Ҷ泲ǾȣЩ㤡
ǵ˵Լӭ׹˳ȫʱΪԼ̸
˴ݾβǵƣѪʬɹڵֶΡҾڼǰ˻в˵ҪıǷ˫ȣȴȻҲͬѰҹһ㵽ǫѷ
Ǽˣ
⻹λɷ֮Ƶ¿
Ҷĸ⣬Ĳ̬ȣ̬ȱ⡣ĴŮүġҶĸǣٱ֮ʱ˵ҶʲôҪ֮ȥ
仰ҶĸЦúϲ£졣
ˣһֱ㿤ҲʣΣ
Ϸ⣬ɡ
ҶĸЦüۣһ˵֡һϲýԺͻվһ飬ԽԽϲһԽͯŮŶ˸ˡ
ԣ۷΢
Ů£벻Զӳɾϸ֫á紵Ҷü䡣
Ҷ泵ͷľ״
˵ĸѭ浸֮ˣСտصҲ֪˭û뵽ǸŴԭĸ
ҶĸվŲһ¡

˵ţ͵͵գ۾
ЩЦãòӲͷƤȥ
ҲϡͻȻ
ҶһŶһλĿүҲں˵ϡǰ׶
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һۡǰʮж
ʮȷʵϡ
ҶţȻɴ۾ʲôȻĪ̹£Ǻ⣿
ѵϣ
ôܣ
Ҳ֪ôģһ䣬Ҹ׽ʮһ
һ䣬оͷƤ顣æ˵һߣȻŹϡź
ʻȻų޵Զȥ֮Żһ
Ӧøе£úµӦòԼĸƤգգۣȻЦˡ


48 
ʱ,ҶԸо֮ǰߵͬǸ˵Ϊ۸ڶˣҲϲ,̸Ц̡
֮ǰ˱֮
֮,ٳ֡
ʹҶҵϢ׼ֵ,·ֵ֪λ¿Ƹ,Ǿɣȴǻء
вҴҼ,Լǰ¿Ľ,ûһ,֪Ǻ̬ǰλΪԼŮĿү
ԥ,վ
һ˼һԶԶ
ٽδƴǰֱȥ,ͣһֻ޳ƿ,λĿү
Ҷһǰٴ
ûͬ񣬶Ա˱ܣһ˾ٶʵҶ֮ܳС
λ¿,εݡʥˣ׼ƲϽ,˴
ķλ,ϳǡ
Ҷ²,Īλ¿մԼƸ飿
¹ټ´ˡ
Ҷˡ
´˹,¹ٻδлΪ¹ԩ֮
Ҷ˲ضڹǱְ֮ڡ˽ǽһˡ
Ҷԣܳ
˺ѹ󣬸߸·
±һԣĿȨĽԶȥü΢š¿Ͻ֮ǰƺãЩ졣
һ·˼Ʋ⣬һ
һţʱǰľ
ԺӵƸ񣬼Ѿͷ̧̧ᣬĸҲС㵵ĶŮɿһӣﻹһСӡ֪ŮˣۼȻ𾪲С
ԺһȻ죬ССӣҲߺظĸ߰æֵĳ񼫼븸ĸһʱӡӵɢȥߣǰӹĸĶ
ȵеƸⷿɫѺڡ
Ҷ泴ӳȾһ˼̻
³Ϊʢռ峴ŪʮˡҶŲã͵ֻˡ
ȫΧһҶĸͷ˵رִӾ˵Сϯ件Цﲻϣһ½ϲ
ҶסҶ泡
Դҹ󣬵׹ңҶ֪ǸŮ֮һ̸
Ůվ£ӰڵƻҡڣҶʱľ
ɻϲ
Ҷֿܶܣû뵽׿ڵһʵľ
Ȼǻϲġ
˶ƭˣΪħóԸ᲻ϲ
ҶǰŮĳŮǵԼΪ˸ʱ飬ϲԱһ˫ƵŮʱεȳ־
ʮ꺮ʣ֮볾
ѻһС벻Ϊٶ꣬Ϊرľҵҵͷá
ϲͺá
˽ԵиŴôģ¿ƸεȹأҶõóļױǺεȵĺᡣŮĸ޼ױڷȻǴ
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ҶĸʮؿһĶӣŮ֡Ůú⣬ģǵ游һһСˣԽԽϲ
㸸ףҿЩڹӼԽԽȤˣǵ游ҼǵҼ޽Ҷʱˮ˶˵ҳç䲻Ͼү游Щԣᡣ˽ദҲǨҵƢ
Ҷ泺˵ɲظµһ˾Ѫ֮ˣһӡߣͻĴݾѪʱӿ
˼̹֮ԭ߸ϵӽһ쳾޶һڴ
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ԼĴ糺졣
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ÿϲ̾۷͡
պǵøĿڣͼҳ΢Ҳͼشԡͼò绨ǣɼסˣ
ϲܵƻ㣬ૣū澼סˡ

ڣҶϽеļҵ׶˳ԽԽĻš㣬ܼҪЩǮ׬ӣһһǧ
һǧӶС֮˵ȷʵ٣Ҫ޵ǹٷŵڵŮӣĸʮױۡ
ͻϲúͿЩƸļʱȫ˳֪ǽҵȫȥļױҲǼ亮ᡣ
ۼɷǵ˵һ
Ҷ֣üͷһ֡
һɡ

Ҷ̾˿

ǱߣҶڴһֱշתٳ޷˯
ЩһֱǰΣԼƤǳûʲô档է⼤
˯ţ𴲡
Ҳû˯ô򺨵ϲƵȥ˷żױĿⷿһӴ򿪣ĹڵƻΪĿ޵ɫҲ˼֡
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յײ⣬ÿһ˰֡Щǻ϶ֳ
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ˣһƬž
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롣
ţ뿪
һԼķ䣬оͬѰϢĳҹɫĹ󣬿״һѵ
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Ѿδޣְҹ͵ʲô˼ѵǲͻֲּܿϣ֪֮һС
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˭˵ˣ
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ţ˫ѷϻϡȻˣСŮˡСŮƤǳСŮҾ΢ʵòļױСŮ˳ЦΨ˿ģʱСŮСŮ޽ض
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ϲӽǮӡ
ɫǰ￴СװȻװˣǱһֱװȥ򡭡
Ҷ泸оһɺ⣬Ծһ¡
ƽѹȸ
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֪Է޿֮⣬ŵӻסǾݵؽԴڶԷĻȫϢ
䣬ඥ·һҵķദ֮
ԭ죬Ӳ


49 
Ҷһʱ,ЩãȻ
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ҶĸҶϺҶ뵹һοҶá
Ҷñ˵ǼЩӣû˵ؿԼĴ㣬һ飬Խ
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ȥߣҶҶȻò̫׵ȴҲûзԡ

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ټĹ޽ǵĸ޳߰ݣеֻĿϹ͵Сӡ
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Ҷе·˸ߺѾǡȻΪλϿţԭӭݡ
·߼ˣ쳤Ųӳŵķ
ʱݻ
·ӭ̣Ϊ׵ڸ֮ϵ飬գǡƸڱɽѩɼһֺ£ңɼ
Ҷͷңţ¡
Զ˸߲ʣ˫оޱȵϲνһ»ԣľ
ǿ쿴ǿү
үǺ÷ɡ
ϧˣүȻҪȢһŮӡ
ҶתͷȥǼģˡ
ЩˣԭҲôԡ
֮νԪΪ׵ľĵ۰ԣӦܼλδˡŻؾжӣûҶ׵Ϣ
»ˣá
ݽԶȥһڻУܿʽ⣬ԵʲôҲ
صУϻڳǰ
ҶĸЦúϲ£죬ףһһеԽȣǡ
ȿֻɱϴֿߺü䡣пŮ⸣Ҳû˭պС׽ӱжġ
ЩỰ˵ȥ
ӣ˱ǡ˵ԵҩɽȵɽȪˮǰζûС
ҶϳּеӲ˷ѡ
һȥһֻݳޣδй
Ҷһţŵ㡣֪ŮѴӹȡЩ˵Ĭ˺ð졣ٿںԱ죬˵һ¡
»ǻʱͷʮһλܴ֡ɱһѪ·ѹʵİͳûǰͳ龫ǣ±˵Ǽλǻųѡ
ʱڵʮλҲΪµ·ڱµǻ֮ΪʶȤнյ档
ҶĸǸиģЩֵܣƹ
ҶҲΪڹٳҶҲõġ
Ҷ泹ҶͣԼĳԻС⡣СܳԵûʵӣҲܵӰ졣
ǰҶڼἰ֮¡ĴŮΪЩд±ԵΪҪ
˴νһأꡣͬУүطء
ӦõҪ˵׵ͰɣҶʡլԵ񣬵ڶŮϱ˭ͨ͸
Ҷĵɲżҵġ˵ԺӦû᲻ٴ򽻵ԭֻ޵¹Ĵӣֳ֮͢
ī࣬Բһ򵥵лҪû
ԵţδϹʹЩʹ͵ĺôǺôࡣ
Ԥ֪£ɡ
һٳԵüãֱɢ
ҶĸҶ÷ţһֻŶӣֱԵþˡһγԵôʹ죬Ǻ͸;һΣݼҼʲôϡݺǣ⼫˵򵽡
һζ꣬ѹȴٵˣ϶ĸ
á
ǣСӵĴŮЦۡò˶ãҲҪˣҲҪ̫ˡ
Ҷɻڣжá
ǸõģպĪҪġ
ҶԣЦá
λ⣬иµòã
Ůؿġ
Ҫˣܱ䡣
ҶĸοͷǾͺáҾһѳúÿޣŮ㡣Ů㣬á
ĸһǲ̫ˣҶ泿ɲǿЦˣ෴˭衣һ飬֪ж࿪
ģ񲻿ûšҶĸһϧϧ游ߵ磬ȻҲֻһһ磬Ҳ᳤̫Щģ游ƢҲңǿϧ游ĺò
Ҷ泿ЦãĸôԼĶӣĺ
ҶҲһЦ԰׵ɫΪճԹԵúࡣϲ¶࣬ɫҲ֮ǰһЩ
Ҷĸ˶ŮһۣһۿžҪˣֵ㡣ҿģ㻹ȥͽͽ㡣
Ҷöʱߺ۾ȴȫǿ
£Ҷ泵ʲá
ЦعȥסԼãĸģһһܳúÿܴ򣬻ˡʱһ̥һ֣һһѩɰ
áҶĸЦ۽ǵӶ˻ԼҲˣǵúʮ˸ĸҲӶࡣ
ڵҶҶＸ˵ϷԺЦ˵ֽһ
ԽԽбͷˡ
ͻȻûеĻЦȻֹǱʲôضϡһһǰһ˳ȥ
ԺվһǾ벻ʱֵˡ
һϮϷʣ
ҶϽǰ񣬡¹ټ´ˣ֪´ҹǰΪ£
һ;ơ


51 
֮ϲ,ɣν֮ɡ̳ҶԲ,ʿ֮ˡأݹɽ
ɽ֮ˮ,ȡԽ¶ʮ̳,ǽ֮ķ,˴νһЩƽס
þ̳,һ̳ڴˡ
޳ָ,ž̳Ĺ̳,Ǹڷָǡϡ,ƶѾۣǧ绪Ϥһ
֮,ͬԡ
ǶҶ˵,ȴҶ泡
Ҷ泲ɵϽǰӾơ
ҶĸϯͶӺһСƣŲԣʱЩͷһԽͯŮˣЦЩѬѬȻ
ò,ίʵöЩӡ
󣬵ҲС
Ҷ϶ʱ޵,Ҷɫͺ졣
ƫʱ,ǰһֱĸͽ˵Ҷϲÿ,ÿ,һѺÿĺӣԺҾ˾ˡ
ǼСģ뵱˾ˡҶĸԽЦƮȻǿˣ
Ҷ˵һίʵ첻ǿԿǡСؿɫ״
һʱΣЩ졣
羲֮ʱ˿ڡ
Ϸԣǡ
ǣ
ҶĿѵ޽֮ˣǲͣһ뵽һѳǳĺΧһͷ
ԡ
ٱɫԣҲܳںҹˡٻǰʳʱҴܱһ˰סȣΪԷϥµĳ
ȻʱǱ졣
ҶĸԽδŮԽûϲʹˣöųأҹҪδŮһݡ
ݣҶ㡣
ҶĸʹҶ̫СһһСסһȥЪϢˣҶҲصԼķ顣
ţо޲ˡ
Ϊ⣬Ҷ³
ѹʱʱ׼ĲʽҶҷǴ˼ңҲȡ֮ʳģеֻнʣµı߽ϡ
⼸þϴӣ˻һЩƴƴմǿӡӾ㶹ˡ
Ҷ⼸ˣм¿ǵݣӦѳԾɽ亣ζЩҳСЩϲϯ档οӶҴ󻧶ǼʳһĹ˼֮ᡣ
ȻдʱóģҲֻЩ죬ŮĳգδүĿݡ
ӲͷƤ͵ʱҶѾ޻˺һӡ
ҶԲӣΪȴδմȾٳϰֻ꣬б˰ͽӭ
ȼ亮֮Ȼ䳡
ҶϵӰһ֣ҶɫһЩв˿ƣӦࡣֻǵһĲ˶
ˣԼʲô⾰УҲð첻һϵȵϯ¿Ŀˡ
Ҷ˺һҶġ
Ҷ޶꣬ЩĬ
ȻЩŮðģ¿һ
ҼСʶ֣ͨһЩڳϸǷУѰʳҲõζ
ǿŮڸ⼸˵ͨ
ŵؿλү߶ˡ
ŵУŵӣǵȥɫŨıӡӴۣζ֮಻ѷɫ
ȷʵá
롣ҶһϽơ
磬ѹ㡣
ǹƣǾмƷ
Ҷ䲻þƣȴҲƷ˾ƵŸʴƷףĪ˵ϡٵϵȹƷ϶ĹƷҲδմһǰ㡣ͬ˽ҲἰһЩ粼ϹƷ֮࣬εϡεȸʱȥĽޱ˼
ƹѮԴЩ
Ŵ˾ƣἰ˵ݷ顣Ǵһ仰ıһѾ̸ǳʱ
ݳԾƣҶϺŮڷ˵
Ҷ泷ߣҶѧ
ҶһһûһšŮӣ֪ǳΡ
ﻹãŮ첻ɣпɡСϰǿʲôҲûѧ˽֪ô࿴˼˵Ѳ˵ŮɣΨһ
ůƣȾĸŮˣһҵܰá
ҶЩס̫Ź۵شŹǷ
ҶڴͷŮоֹ˵Ů죬ִŮ˵£·һ뽫Щ̹أΪ˴µּɻһ
죬Ҷݵƻɡ
ƺ˰̳ʣҶͷԴ
⺢ʵϲΪɲԼҲЩ¡
޳ָžƱеҺ
ǸСƭӣȻƭˡҲã˽֪ԼǼٵģ쳤վҲ档
ɫںҹ
ʱ̣㽥ɢ
ǣҶϽ͡
ƫӰأԼŮӵ͵͵˵УʱŹǷ
Ҷ磬ɢһЩǹǷǳЩȻĿбӣҿͬﲻ죬ӦǹǷǺ˳
δүͳţԶȥɴԷƻ˷ܼ֮УԼҲһլԺ޶ֺ־
νϷ׷־ŻŽǰЩӱĻ;֮ģʱ־ʱ
ֵġ
˺þƣ˵һ£ȻᵽݹɽŵڲͣȴǶңȻǹʹ˾Ƶʸ
Ҳ֪Ǿƣ֮Σ
ǺþƣǹƷ
Ҷɫ糣ҲǡǾƽ֮񴺸ΪҲŨһЩ
ǳԼУðŷӦ𾪵ʵҶ֪ǾƵζ
ճ¹٣һ̳ӹ»˰̳ǲ¹һЩ㡣
죿һ£ٿ˫ۡ
Ҷ˵ĳ죬¿
Ҷˣǲͬնˡ

뾩֮ǽʥȻǼꡣؾ¶λõĵүĹע࣬ү֮ʱʣСһɡ׮׮һǽֵĭɡ
һһգҶ泺Ļڲƽ
Դ;ƹδҶ泱㲻Ҳ˵˲顣ͬ꣬˵ȥɡ
ڽȣҪ̫ࡣ
ȥׯѲһѡһõѾͷһӡѾͷһۿУݵСȡ˳ӡӵׯϵС£мסӵֶΡ
źЩȥеլӺӡլӶĽȡĺλáӵضζãҶǲУһһ䡣
һȥѲׯʱͷ˸Լ˱֮˵֮˵ӽм¶Ҳ޷²ܶ
˾٣á
黹ʱӾҶҡ
Ҷ泷ӣɫ
λΪЩһѾᵽ֮Ȼŷ޶ȥݷʱؽӽᡣ
ˣ˽ύ
л󣬽˵ԼæűޣһӦԲμӡ֮˴Ϊת棬ϣ¡
δ⣬˲֪
ֻ֪Ҷ泾ӣ˵д󣬷С˵־Ҳ˵ϲ̨ģѵǴ֮á
ϷŴº󣬸ǽһǴʹԼĶӽҪȢôһλСӡ
ЩǷǴԣҶ泳š
ٰڶ죬㴫֮͢׵Ϣ˵Ϸ˶¼⣬˾Ϳִ֪󷽡
Ҷ泶Դ֮Աǡ
պ֪

Լ
첻Ҷ
ױ
ҶӺˣһ֪ӦǿһҹҶĸɫпɣһԹۿŮװ硣һƷھƵϲԲƺͼڣ϶Ϸ飬Ҹһ֧βҡղ
м޾ɫһЦǡ
ҶĸƵƵ̾һǾ̾ŮޣǾȴŮ֪ʱĹǸпŮҶң⽾
ٻݣҪȥҶƣǷð̡
ױϣҶ
һ̧ԽԸ߹
ȫ˵ĳĿ¶ޣ߿ޣòʵѵá
ݣǼپɫŮӡҳ檡²˳£еĳʱޣеʢ費˥Ⱥ
ҶŮɫߣίʵࡣѵõǣŮиһ޼ִһò̬ǰ˾ޣϧǺ޲Ҽˣֱ˿ۡ
Ҷĸˬֱ˿ԼŮûв͵ĵŮʵúá
һʣԺһпԽ̸
ʢŮӳ֮ǰޱЦ
Ҷǿ޵Ҷý֮ŪҶ泵ϲĸŮضҶһޡ
Ҷ泴£Ҷҡ
޲ȴʪĸ׺ÿ޵ģ찲οպ᳣ҿ˭Ҷһԣˮࡣ
ŮһޣڡŴ󻧣ز֪٣һԺѡ
Ҷ⣬һһסνԪΪףǳҴӳԺˡ
ųʵ⡣
ҶھףС֮ǳҶӳк˵Ķ䡣
ǳнеûʵĦȭҪΪʱƼ֮ͬ衣
֮ԺʱԵСԺơ
֮бҲиַ֮һĽҶҵ˵΢ŵڣһŸס
պҶԺСҲӡ
ʱһҶ泶ųصķڣһҶš
ղһɴǸӰ£һ뵽ҹҪһ𹲳٣
Ǵͻ飬񲿹Աʡ
Ǽ黰˵ףͿԶȥȡ֮ϲ
˾һ㲻ʵʡ
ҶΣ
ɽݡ
䣬
ϲϳǶƱһȦһӦ̹Ҷȫͷɢܰͽ
ŸþʱǵﱧŵǳλϷδϯ˵ǲ²ײϲ·˺¹ûôע⡣ۼ޲һͷԵڴϳ˯ȥ
ǿ̣Ҳ̲סһƨɿڴϣָ붯źɫϲɴʣ˸ǳ
ȡ
һȣֳ
ϲ˵ˣҲδϰеֻ鷿֮ˡ˼ֱӣ˶ֻ֣ƽΪһˡ
˲֪ļ֮ʱ
ǰ޳ָҶϵĺɴĿȻԣһףһ
컶¶Ƚߡ
Ǿʹ˶Ҳǲԡ
Ҷ泾ã顣
޳ƺ޵ĽԼɼ졣ȵЩȲˡ
˭֪δϣȴȡͷϵķڡ
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Ҷ죬ϲ
ϴϣʣ޶ˡ
¿ˣƲ
ᱡĵԽ΢ĽڣԼɼޱߵɫҶ泿ڸһˮԼĻ̲ס˹ȥ
۷΢ƽһξƤҿá
ҡҷƴ̽ϰɴйǡˮӳ¹⡣֪Ǵ´׹ˮһз·עᡣ
˿ޱʱҶͷʱ˵طһ仰ڳԵˡ


52 
ǰԺıѾɢȥ,ĵȣ񼫲ϲֻǳȥƻϲͬ
Խ,Խܸܵһɲ䡣ŵĸǽӰžȻʱ,ȴ֮С
ټĸۡٶ,Ե÷տľֳ,ҹɫԽҰȻͨĴг䲻
һλݵ,ԺԺȥߵЩż,Ҫܿʲô,ҪȥʲôˡӰӹ,߲٣ģ顣
ͻȻһӰȴᶨصסȥ·
ү,
ԭ,¹
¹ֹǺ
ÿ
˵Ȳܿ԰
Щ깫ͣմνԹһδŻֻԺ˸Ժء
԰ǹĽ,ȥӣһɲڡ涨˽֪,ҲеĶš
¹֪ܲ,ȻҲ˽ǰ
ǿĴ󲮡
ֳ
仰ὲ,ΪĽɡ
,֮⣬κ˲ڡ
벽ã·м䡣
¹԰ķĿɬ

ƺԭӦġ
÷ǹӣȻʺĵչ÷¾ǷֿǹƣҲδҡİĽ֮ġ
ţţԲڡ
µǻ˵Ҫˡ˵ԴԺҪһӣϦദŮ
ʱεȻϲȲظ֪ĸ׼顣
ĸײÿɷΪĬĳһ߾˯һŮӡŮӲǱˣΪҳճŮ
֪Ǳĸơ
ĸҵճŮֹһἰΪ˾֪ĸ׵˽ĲһԸȴĸ׻Ǹز
ϲ鲻ף֮󲻿޲֣ԼŮ檵ѵΪճŮǲ檡
ĸʱ֣Ȣϡϲͬ⣬˵ܲɢԼ˵¡
ʱڼҼΨʧȥΪϲ˵»һֱţ˭Ҳĸ顣
Ȼˣĸ׷İţܰ;ϡ
֪ˣǲ޲֡
ʱֹ֣̿̿ûڣǰ޵ݡΪԼȴ᲻ǰӡΪأɵһбǺ֮ԵѾȢϡٺѾ
ǶӣججĸװţȢϡ˭֪׺󲻵գϢ
ףΪʲôĵܵ»
ףΪʲôвһƣ
ʹ࣬ΪֻһˡѹΪİԼȢڶ࣬ϵļ֮ײԸΪݣ
޾ɥ룬ԣһ֮ˡȵõһ죬ûǼ£Ҳһöӡ
룬һҲá

Ϊӳˣڵһûеȵһ죬ȥجġ
ô֪ͷЩӣǲ˵һ仰
꣬ûһ첻ǻڻںС˼賤ĲݣȴʸûСǰĺֹһ̵ĺ蹵Ҳ𱰵ǵ
ִӲ㵱Σ
үӲ𣿡һŭһɫӵĸ˴Ӱﻹһ̼
¹ۣϳˡ
ʮ
Ϊүǵū澡
λʮĸǰͳǰΪصĴŮڰͳ֮ūܷ˹ˡ
ȥ֮С»صССӳָų˹ЩӼڹ
Ϸ˼Ҫһˡ
ʱԳū澣֪⻹⡣
¹ǵʱʮǻû࣬Ҳܹɫʱ꣬Էϳĺ̰֮࣬ﺬɳӰ޹ԡ
Щÿɺã
ūǸиģȻúá
ŵǸƷ
үأӦҼΪ


¹ʹĿʮˣǻȪ䣬ȴδ¹һ£սڹȥļС
ֻʱգ˼˶ܡ
ѵˣҲ𣿡
ү飬ū澾ȡ
ʮôȥˣֻ廳һ¹ˣα˵ЩɳӰ֮ǡ
˵ζ飬ι
¹ԣ۵ȫǲš
ģΪô˵ѵһƬȴǱ֮Ϊι֮
ЦЦȻԹȥһ
תݵıһЩ
ֱ쵽˵Ⱥˡ
·һǣڿԼȵ˳֮һ¹磬üȫǹС
¹вΣѵһЩ
´ĪҪˡ
үҪۡ
֮ǷҶӡ
˭Ҳû뵽Ǵα֮ϾȻˡĸ׺ǻϲ˾Ϳиϻ̥ʮ£³ӡ
ͻݣܼ
ڲûϡϲûԹȣҺ¾ʱΪ֮Ե޷ָˡ
һƣһʱֺ˼֮ףȻֻѾһһŮȴʼûѰһͬߡЩլŮйԹԡ
ƽŮӣʵѵá
Щ꣬ˡ
·˵仰ۿˡ
ܼ޸үĸһҲࡣǹүЩࡣ
¹ŹĴţһᣬǵĽҲ
߰ɡ
á
·˸󣬶ׯ˳

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ƻͨУɣ漲
泡ɩЪˣ
ЪˡɣЩūʹϲԼ˺ʵĵӣûжš
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׺ͳ̫ӭͿͣǿ͡
ɩû˵ʲô
ûСϲ̺꿤ϴ˳ϲδ̺򡣡
߲⣬ϲǽ̺򡣶ɩǰ㰮ض磬綴ɩӦǻϲ
պĸӦ֮ʱҲøŴʹý㣬֪жɿ졣һ뵽½ŵĶɩԼ鼫ãһ㣬Ƚϯϵ̻Ҫ𼸷֡
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̫ԺӣԺﴫĶ΢ʱڿ˳
ǰˣǶ硣ϵɫʡŵǶɩһƷھͷϵβԡ
΢УҫһԽͯŮ
ϲ֮֮
ɩŮӣǸõóԸ
ԶԶɩһ£Ȼ𾪵ĿУɩձ
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˵ϵľ۲Ѿ˹ü亮ɢԽԼĹϡ
ȻɣҲɲȢǻȢ˺á
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۶ıֺ⣬մá֮ŮۣǵҲˡǼ򵥼ʥ֮󣬼ǳǬ
й˽ȥ˻ʺѵ¹ѵ¹ѾƼʲôʤա
˻ʺ˵һα֮Ȼ˻ʺĸλüȡһΪµƽ֮Ϊ˻ʺеճӣҴѱΪ
¿˻ʺȻҲء
޶밲߸ٷǻںɣҲɵʱΪҶ泡
Ҷֵװߵϱʼպͷ
⣬Ǵ顣ˣֹɬòεε˶Ȼһ˷ŵλӡΪ棬Ǻεá
Ҳ֮վλǰ
Ҷ泶֮ʱšһŲݰͷԣڹûлԭΪ㲻֪׺Ůӣᱻ˵ĭ̧ͷ˾Ȼһδԣ󻹱ͻ¿
оɸӵĿ⣬Ź˻ʺҶ泵֮ʣԽվѰ
ҶҲ֧Щվסˡ
ʱˣж׼õ˵ǡ˻ʺЩֲοɡ
ǷӦѴҶ¡
Ҷ񣬸мؿüۡ
Ǹ˾ģо
Ǵţͣһ˶йˣԼȢ֮ˡ
ҶһߵüѣǰͻȻһֻ޳֡ĳϣָָָɼ롣
˫֣ǵҹɿ޼ġʱˣٰҪҪȥ
ȫѯʡ
ǹĿǣ
Ļشǽס֣𣿡
գգ۲û
е㡣
ô죿
ʲôô죿
ҶûȫԻ·ǰ˵಻ΪϧƵϹͣȴֻ֪һζɣȫ·ίʵЩʧ
һҹأ˲
˵ôô죬ġ
Ǵү˵㡣
۵Ĺ⣬սЩ


53 
Ӷ,̫๬ŮǶൽ塣Ĺ򣬲Զ˴һı顣
λɷ֮Ƶ¿˵Ůɫ,Ψ׹ΪĿ֮뿤ǰ涼֪ܣ׺ö,ôɫ˫ģ
ɻţҶ࿴
Ҷ泵ֱư,б,ůȻȴǱĪ˵Ŀ־塣
˵Ҳ̫Щr,˲,û,ȥ
ͷ״,ȴǷֹ˲ϧɣߵ̫,˿
֮,˶ӡǵоֹغܿͻᴫӵĶЩ𾪵ı飬ͻȻЩȤζǱˣԶԶ˿һ
ǣţܽǰ,ŲҲһЩڵľ˲˹
һС,ȵķ,звˡ,,Խüꤡ
мؿһۣλү̫ϧ񣬵һӦٶƵ֡Ǳǣ˱Щʵϡ
еüȡ
һ·ԺȣҲ
صڳ
Ҷ泸ѱδɢƣǷֶһĹͻ
ЪϢһᡣ˵
𣿡Ҷ۾ˣʵòСڣŻ·ʱ뵹ڴҲ
ĸ׻µģҲЩ
Ҷԣ״
ţűǡ
޴ӷ

Ȼ˼ҵӵĶ˿ڣв֮ѹгΨʣһˡϲۻȥ裬˼Ҳ߿֡ûʲôȥһԷӦҲ˵ʲô
ºߴӣʵֿ˻ͷͽɴᣡһմϴο̾һٺÿҲֲܹջ
һ˯Ϊǻ찵أʱСûб˯ĺۼûкһЪϢ
ٴϴ£зִ٣̽ȹŮɫ˫续Լɼֹ
ϲˣȹĶͣһԵӼ״ǰƽҶ泵Ľȹ͵˵һ俤䡣
䲼ʣȴвͬ
üѲڣһ໨ɽˮƿǰڷ˹״Ķ౦ĸһֻ
վƿǰٷ硣
ǲϲƿӣҶһͿƿǰ֮ǰǾüܣӦİ֮ԼѾͷŪˣŻƿʵڲϲβǰǰ㡣һᶣĪҪ
˵ţȴǲͣŲҪǧҪͬ飬Ǽװͻݶѣͻݡ
˵飬пҲʡ
Σ˵أ˱á
Լ࣬Ҷ泵ϡ
Ҷ˯һǡ͵Ļˮ½ΡھԼģȻ֪ǺεȵĽˮ顣
Ϊôң
ֲ˼ġ
ǣϲӡ䲻ҿֻԶԶصȺԸԣȴǼ̡
˯ˣ
˯ˡ
߰ɡ
Ŷ
޶˳ţȥ԰
԰ǰͳǰǹλ֮ءʱһ԰ӵ֦Ҷïɡ֡һööɫĹҶ̽ͷ̽ԣϲˡ
Ҷ泰˿ˮӻʱܲժһЩ
֣һ԰ˮˮ֮СͤԵúʫ黭⡣źҰɽʯμ䣬һ᰿衣ǰУֺ־ӳ˫״ƹ
ֻһۣҶ泱ϲͨĴ񺣼䣬λδıӦһΪ֮ˡ
Žݣ
йųλϿ̹Тݰ󳤹¿֮λ㰸ϹƷϡ
㣬ͷ
һδ˵Ҷȴܡ
ϣСŮҶɱ´ͻ飬ü뿤үΪޡӽǷһ壬깲áȪ֪˳޺
һ˵꣬оߵ˿Լһۡ
ʲôҲ߳볤֮飬ȻܹģҲһᱣġ
㷽Ų˵һ壬˵˵һ
һ
һ׶ӣһǶϱ
ңҵҡ
Ҷһж۽ȴ鵽ˣһˣɫӣһĹࡣ
ʶˣ֪˼λ⣬һλĹˡµò⸾˱λˡ
һһֱȺ⣬ǫ̬
Ҷ泳ȥʱ밲
ʱµĶԸū澵ȿ֮󣬽
һϻӣ⿴ϻӵľʺ͵񹤣֪ĶȻҶ泽ӹϻӣ½ݡϳλͷ˵Ŷϱлĸס
û뵽λȥ꣬׼˼񡣲ǳʲôԭ򣬶ֵϵĸл
ϻӣĿһ黢Ƶ赡ɫ罥ܽأȻʺĸ¹֮˳ܽ赣ҲȻʺ֮
ʢʱλ
ܾͶ֮⣬һֱȵʱڡȵ۲¼ɳ¹»ʺ޽֮ʱ¼ҽܽ赳ޣԴȵ۱һġ
Ȼƥʹ¼赱ģȻӳ֮ͱµڹдѣΪһİ䡣
Ҷ赣鸴ӡէ˷ȻֵıʵЩԼѹס
ȫѯʡ
ĸǰԸűǡ
⻰࿴Ҷһۡ۳࣬ŮƾɫֻίʵŲЩ
˵䲻ܼ֪ǱºͿ֮ˡ
⻰֪ǶҶ˵ģǶԼ˵ġ
Ҷԣ赽ȥߵл
л֮ػߡ
˲Ŷ뽿Ϊáʹİ˼ˣҲһͯŮ
һ½ѹӵķԸûκ쳣Ҷ֪λӦòϲԼ
вʧ䣬Ҳһ˿ֲӣôϲοӣҲÿ˶ȷ˵ߵˣӽǮ֮ˡ
ݼŵλǹ
佫øߴӢʣϡѮı̬ͦǰ͹ǰһУξְ֮佫ʵһְ
Ҷ泵ϱ裬ֻ˵һպ޶ҪྴĿ׻ȹ󣬵ݸҶһ
úװţƽԺʵ
ʱҶۿǼƱǾǧ¶ǸĹӡáϲʵڵˣʲôϲ
һԵӱţڨȻֺá
ĸ׺͸͵ĶҺǻϲϧĸײڣ޷˼ҸǰТպһӱТ˳ס
һǮĹӦöТ˳һЩ
˵꣬뵽һ£ʵǱߣջȥ𣿡
ʱϼʱǲ硣
˵󷿶סһͬڷּңϷ˻ڣǿ׵ĸòԶʱȥҲˡ
ãȥ밲Ҳɡ
᲻ᱻ˵ģ
·˵±˵ĵ
Ȼ±˵ģֻǲ뱻ЩԼС˼ñС˵־ôҲҪȥǰƲԼǰɪſһ¡Ǽ뿴·˺ɫӦʮ־ʡ
ǰδޣҲһ֮¡ӣνһ壬ǰ㰮Ըۡ
޹֮ˣ̫ࡣ
ġ
ܲϲЩˣ̫ˣҲϲŻ¿νǮ٣ú⡣
ǸĸҲ֪ҪҪңܵã˼ҲνǮеλۣһеĿҲ
һãĶ⡣޵˲̫飬ѲЩҲ覲褡
ֻǵҹĻ٣ٴͬʱ޲ջԼǰ롣Ϲǰѹ뷿ֵ֮ﷸ಻ԡ
ʱʹֻװ
óԲ٣Զǻҭġ
޻ɵ룬ȻԴԣϱôŮɫģһ־Ǵ뱲ӡ
ѵһֱţ
ǿ
ϲòҿ
֮ǰͻȻԼеһߣ˵˺Щԭ֮󲻹Ҫ죬Ҫ
ѽˡֲõԼ˵׸ܻʱԼ붼ûš
϶ܻϡ
Ҷ£䲻仰סˡ
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Ҫ
ĿԼ壬ϸЩ˿ֺֻ͡Ĺϵӻ᲻ִ̫Щ
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ҪȥҶװ¡أⱦÿǺÿͷϵ̫಻̫öȥ
ϲ𣿡ʡ
εһ⻰֪˼

ܵϲŭ
Ҷ泸֪һ˿⣬֪Ӧò̫ˡ˸ģϲϲһ£Ů˲һ¡
ǡſǻһûʮ꣬ͻһӡ˶˵̫ӲáԴ˲ãԺҲáĸ˫ӣЩѲ˫ӼŴҲ˫̥һѲô죿һͿͷϡҲ
Ӷһ仰ͻһӡ
Ȣһӣ
ĿǿĻҲڲסĺϣֳ
Ҷڼٿޣװǻʱ͸ָ۲ı顣Լǰȶˡ
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ҲǲӣҸ⿤ٴһЩˣٸӺòã
һҳĬ˲ͬ⣬Ҫھô죿ǲһ⡣
˵ʲôҲʱ˵֡
㡣
ллء
˻㿪
һΪЦָмӣл
һۣͶ֮ң֮лң
ͷ٣պҪһޣ⿤֮ǡ
֮ˣǣ⣿
ҶĪͻȻ죬Ǻ⣿ѵǲԸӵ£Ҳ̫رЩ
ΪǣʵǻءΪжһӦܿסȻǧ̣֮֮ǽΪˮͻϮΪΪСϳ档
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ΪˮլΪϳ档ҿǼǵչһӣָֻţ©ٳΪй𣿡
ȻΪˣΣ
£ÿ޺֮ǡ
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˵üãպͿ
Ҷԣ顣
ȻһЦԵȫȫв֮뿤ߴͽ̡


54 

õȺ
ȥһ,ķ
¼λȫǲģٱἰȢ,ϥһŮТȢ,ϥŮӡ˽һų࣬Σվ,ϰҴ
¹в֮ɫ,һԲ
·˲ʱЩġӦ,Ҳ֪ΣҲûг,ҲΪ¶ҪΪ
ĸ,ĸǵ׵ĳղʧ,һ졣յʱҲǹĸţǼ㲻Ϊ˹,ҲӦĸ밲ׯ,˵ĻҲоݣ޹ƫġ˭Ҳ֪Ļ𣬺޲ý֮յøɸɾ
ӣĴ֮û˽̹Щ,Ҳû˼ǹࡣүĪӦ·ˡ
⻰˼,Ҷ泲֪
¹ɫ,Щ
ʱһӴҴҽ,˵ǿͿѾ븮,ֱȥϷ˵Ժӡ
·ɫ΢䣬վ
ӣҲ֪һôĸȥˣĸ׻ţǱ˿Ǻãүٶһᣬȥ
˵ţߡ
ǱҶѾϷ˵ãѾͷȥͨȻ󾲾صȺ⡣
Ĺֳ
Ϸ˺ҩ˯¡ͿȻƫһ
أűǡ
ҶҲöȥŵȡ
ֲǰ˵ϷһֲϲվýһЩ·ܸоԷϵɱ
նӷû裬Ϸʮ׵ڶոǾ裬ǧϰסǷָӣϷҲǶӵ׵ĸӳײĸģǲТ
ͷһԣĶԹԡ
ҶҴԺӣ̬ο͡
Ժӵķ񲼾ֹɫ㣬ӵżͼߵȸ澫ӻԺӣ»ֹӺء
֪ǰжĽá
һڣüβ΢
Ľһõĸ߹̸ţ׺ѵõǣĸͬվһ𣬲ĸŮһ㡣
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ٷ˵һѵǲµϷ˲δ˯˵ϷģˣǲСֻǰţһĻ֮ˣײˡ
Ҷ泸п󣬺ػϲõĸҲҵĸĸǰȰ֮ˣȻһ㡣պĸͣҲΪϱ
˵Իḻȴû̧ͷߵˡ֪Լ̲һ£ԼĲһ¡
ƤԽ͵͵ԼϷվŵȴһۡ
ɲɽȴһ¡
Сƭӣһˣٻʧ֡
Ҷ泷˵ʱһֱ۲ֵķӦ͵鴰ĶšȻϷ˾վǴ棬һֱ˵
ĸˣͷ˿ûС˵ֽ֮Ը𣿡״Сĵ
ζؿһۡ
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ǲ̫һԸˣĸϲҡġĸȰ֮ˣôܲϲԼϱ˵ǲǣ
Сƭӵſھ
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Ҷһ⻰Цһġ
Ҿ֪ĸõĸ۰һ۰ҡҵȲҪĸˣҪ˼ҾͷպúТ˳
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Сģ˵ǽȥϷûѡһݣͿԼھǰҿõӡ
ϷˣǲǸǽˣ
Ϸˡšһƺ鲻ʮ˭˲˵ȥʮͷѩɫһ˿ûС
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ϱĸ밲Ըĸ念ꡣ
ϷһСᣬŸ߹ׯغ˲衣һ̵ֻɫҲϳ֮Ʒ
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ԭҪģһĸţʱ̫˼ҾҶһΣȻ¶Щĸ۰СΪ룬кǸм¼Եǰɴ̧ܳ͡Ȼĸôܵ¼ҵϱ
Ϸüͷø˵˵ȥҶܼ޽¼ң׷ʵ׻Ϊϱơ
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Ϸޱȣ޽ʱǿʮױ޽ڶٶ֮λ
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С죬ԽԽ˵ˡοؿ䣬պӦţҲͷˡ
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Ϸ˸̹ģַЩƶ¡ҶϲӦ̼Ϊ̵ֽģֲ˵̣ϾӻڣӻȫЩԹϱ£֮ǰ˵˲ҪҶ̼ķ
ˣһʼΪҶ泣Ҷ̼ղŻԼĴϱ˵һת۵Ĺͱ뷨
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¹ԲϲǿϣҲû˵ʲôֻӵ̬ȣʵ˲̫
ļһ壬Ҳϳˡ·˸һӣʽΪÿ
߹ģ֮ȫʶȤˡǸļ񶼲أҶҲӣȫϲš
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λ֮ͽѹԭһݡ
ʲôһ̸ʫԣҪϷŪ빫һԭԸǰԺ빫ӵԭ֮ԭһӡ
빫ҵЩӡ˵̸ʫô֪˵ǲϲǵȽ֮ˣȥѵһ𣿡
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˵ѹʵӡǵͣ˽̸Գ֮Ϊ˽
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ðͰ͵£ǲϣ٣
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ҶͻȻ泯ȥ˵и빫ӼҵӣܲܰҰҪ
ʲôûʣһ֡


55 
ֱԼĶ,Ϊʲôʶʣһէ£ѵӦһ
磬빫ӡ
,Ҳʶʲô빫ӣҲ˵ġȥȥׯ,һʱⶪһӣʱҲûϡû뵽ͻȻἰ,ǽ⡣
̧,ͺǰһս,ʱӽŵ״
һֱ֪øĮ,˽Ľǿ֮ġԼ׵Ĵ,ԶΪ١,ԭ֮УһǱ߲Ƕãá
Ҳ׽,˵,֮˶һ˿ġ¼ҵճŮ߲ǸŮԼҲ֪ΪλᴦһŮȽϡڵ֪ԼԭʱʱѾʼƽϡ
òԽѹ,𾴣ʵ֪Щҹ,õĹעԶԶǸáڵ֪Ӷ࿴ʱ,ּʸǵﶥ塣
Ҷ,ԭԸߵһѵ,û뵽гһ⵶ת򣬾Ȼ߶׼
ޣұ¶
硭Ҳ֪ġ

ڡڳСͷ磬ҡȥȡǡ
á
ķӦҶ泺⡣
ãл¸ҡǿǸʲô빫ӵǺôĵӣȻܻҵҲ֪ǲָʹ
ɩ빫Ӿһ벻ߵģôָʹ
𣿡Ҷüǲָʹôǲ۵ףһҪúʡ
ˣʲôˣʲôˡֻҪǰһվŵʲôˡ
ܵ磬ö
ɩҡҲһ˵¾͸Ͻ㡣֪Ҳʲô鵽״ȥãɸ˽ȡرǣαö档ǺεݣʲôĪҪΪһ΢Сˣ˶Ĺ
ҶʣңĹ
һ˾Ȼʣ־ڳú͹ٳûֱ֪֮ȡ衣ǷһĨЦҶ泱ӡ
ֻ˵һ֣㡣
׻һ㣬еĵ⡣

ܵģ
ĳͳ࣬ôҶСˣ
Ҷ泱߹ȥأ¶һЦݡãл¡
л
֪ң޲ȥ㣬Ȼ̵ࡣǹŮ͸һȣڣ밮Ұ޲Һޡ
㡭˵ʲôӶڲҶ˵Ļ̫ˣ綨Ȼƭˡ
˵ʲô㶮㣬һǹŮҸῴ˵ɫᣬװʲô
̫⣡
Ϊβ⣿ҶЦøΪţһƷټŮһ֦ͷ˿Ҳ˭⣿Ҳ⣬һΡڼǿһĶɩҼǺˣغβ룬ĪҪҸˣһ֪ʲô˲ɷˮһա
ֻؽƶбһ´вͬǸıӦȱϯûѩһĽֺһ
ޱȣ
ǰˣʶҶ
ҶѾתȥ
Ǹ빫ӣǱ֮һ
ָԭ
Ϊ𣿡ʡ
ǡǧ㲻ǣҳļ˾ҵļˣĳҵĳλ빫޶Թȴָʹᱡ֮ȢСо²ĳˣҲӦõõӦĳͷ
˵䣬ѳ˹
⣬һֱ
СĿռ䣬ҶЩĲڡʹǳգҹΪһ塣콹յģʶԶһЩ
һ̣˹
ûᡣ
С壬ھԵǰֻżһ˰ڲһ뵽֮ĵǿ˲
һҪҡϽ˳⣬ͼɢ컡
ĳˣ֮֮ĳȴĶˡ֮Ϊ˳𣬱ǶԼ򡣡
ûǱȻй
ǰ㣬ԸԼ
һ䣬֪ղԡ
ҶĵãæΣͬϵ󡣼ʹûҲûǿʲôͬ
һ
һƬ𺡣
ҵޡ
أ
Ҷ泲⡣
ô£˲֪֪
˵Ļ伫ͣѹϢܣұıǣ˫ȡ

˷ʲô񾭣
ҶĶ˶˵ʲôˡʲôʱ˵Ҫˣ֮ʣʧҲԸ̸ܶ֡
˲ΪԼزɡĺǿ׷ʱô׷ֽţ뿴гһƾʧȥıǡ
ĪҲ˵Ļ˵ҲҪĻ¸ıǱһ±˰ɣȡؼɡ
ǿеǮӱʮ겻պѰᣬӣͲųͷλ빫ӡ
ˣǸʲôġֵٹȻӲµһ˾ķۡ
С߻۸Υ
ˣһС˶ѣ̫⣬ɱҲɱˡ
зִ磬㲻Ҫ֡
ҡпԼ֡
ҶЦֺãȴǰԽп࣬һϹҲʲô¡̣Ҳû¡һˣԼԽ˽磬³ضҡ
ַڶԷϥϵĴϣ֮ɫأЩһ㣬ʱ̿ʱϲǰڣҶһΪѰŮӡͨĳͨļͨĲܡҺεºܼҼ޸ӣҲ֪Ǽĸ
Ǹϧǡ
֣űָĦָһһʳָСĴָԥһźá
ëȻӵ˵һ֡
νǹ裬뻢ͬѨ־ìܣʱսľʱܺٻνʹš

ʢûлһ˵»飬ҲҪֵ
Ʒٷϣʨơ֮ʧϣƸɽ֮ɣ֮¡ǡӣԡ
ҶǷޣΪ֪һ棬ȴȻǰɫԡҰοţͳ˵ĺƤңҹǿģҲֵ
һߵٷؽͳȥֱӰҲջߡ
⣬ֿɵá
ԶԶţ˴ߡ
ţȶˡ
Ӵ㣬޽ահҹæûüԼС˵һ仰
׼ȥѩ԰ߣš
˰Ȼ˵⡣
ֶԺԺԭסĵ̡һֱסԺĸŮ
ԺΪһ壬ǸܸģԺһӦ붫Ժ࿿Ժߵլǽˡ
ţ˲ġ
˵ʵҶҲǰڣ۹ܼСҪܣҲǲԣһۡ
еλǮûô벻±ع
˹ܼҶ꣬Ρ𿰱ĸĽˣɲΪԼλߡĿǰӵеһк⣬̰ĸĸ
˲Ტ࣬ݽ˵ǽĿ
Ҷδ˲ᣬιˣˡ
ɫ糣δ֮ܳɫǰδȢޣҴҲû˵ʲôڣԽ
ҳ޽²֪˵Ļҳߣʱδѧܼ֮һЩС˵壬˵һ֮ˣǼΪ뿤ͬģ֮ˣұزģպ͹ˡ
Ҷ˵Լʱѵۿһۡ
ЦЦϲԱ֮ɫ
ųʱҲΪιˡ˼ˣģҲġҹܣָûܺã˲鷳լ˳ҲԸЩۡ
ΪȽӹܼ֮ȨҴЭɡ
ӦҵһЩţÿ˿֮⣬ԵҲ⡣һչ˺ÿʳӣԸϷġ
ֿһۣûпɬֻ̹Ϻֿ
񣬽һϿǱѹʵİͳ
ʱ¹ãӲܻˡ˴ҥ˵治֣δȾ㽫н˾һ𣬸Լ¹а֮ˣǵõʱĿⴿ⣬ɬΨ̹ϡ
ûټ֣Ӧ¹ܼ֮¡
Ȼˣҹÿ˲ᣬ뿤ĿǿĽ˺֮ҲѸߣҲ֪жûѧҶڡ
͹ˡкĴ֮ˣҲƾ١
ٴ⣬ЩôûкˡǷ廹Ƶһֽ̳ģǿ˹˵ĺ֡
治ɻ䣿
߾֮ͲסŹ˽̳ˣض͹һĲڡ
ãδ˵ʲôɫҲû̫ı仯λױΣ۲Щʱա
Ҷ泰ǻʹˣ׳Ǹͨˡ΢Цһ˲ᡣ
ֻһۣסˡ
ȻǱ
֮ôδ
ҶŻͣôʵҲɡ
ԣ̰ϸһĨԺǳٸڹڽּ֮
Ҷ泴ţ˾塣
λδıţӦҲһλԽʿ
ʫģ״Ԫ֮šἰȥӣɫࡣ֮ţӡȻʺֹһθпжжáž޵ĵջӣػΪһ
ǳЩ경ΪӪıϵλôǱ¡ĴӣϥµĶӣһǳǸֶιˡ龫ǣ档
ԣϣµأصڵЩ꣬ضӾӵ塣
Ҷȴ룬ʫģǴԽߣض̥
Ѳڣ˱£°ӻʢհ̫ƽ˿ԼΪػ乫ʡ۹ȥ껹ǧ꣬˶ǵĹ͡ҴҶʮأȴԶ
ⷬڽ˵ĶǲǼӺεغεı㣬ɺ첻˲Ըȥˡ
ӵЩ¼ǵãҲǵá
δ֮ǰ˽Ե֪̻ܲܽܵñºͿϿ֮ˣӹ֮
ӻڡ
ҲԿ࿴
뿪֮ʱҶһ
̬ͬͬƣ˵ǷֺҶȴ֪֮ǰЩҪ


56 
ߺ,ҶٴηЩ˲ᣬλԵüԽ档ãȻü졣
ϲһʱüһʱ˼,ּһҳһҳطǿ˲,찲οҪ,Ҳջ,ҲҺŪͿ
Ҷ泿Цãȴһ,˵Ķ,ջȥǡ
Ͷʰһ,š
ѩ԰ſ,һɫȹŮӳŮ毺ã̬ӯƵҶ泻²ߵĸ
,ȥ
Ҷ泾ò,ĵԳȥΨһ檣ӦϲýͬΪԽߣĪΪеꡣ
¸˼Ժӡ
ɩ޽,ûͶɩ˵һ仰ۿҶ泹ϲЩ
ӭź,һ˫ĿеشҶ,ҶЩ񲻼õ,ﲻֵǡ
ɩ,㡭ǲǺۣ
Ҷƿϣۣҿˡ
һ§ֲ§ӣĵ粻ϲ̺򣬶¶ͷɩɩ۵ý
ô죿Ҷֲϲ̺ԺǶҪˡ
Ҷһ̾ϢɲҪۡ
ɩ˵Żżҳ޷ǹ̯˺£ԼһЩ¡Ҷ泶ʣߺ޲ýԼ֪Ϥ֮
˵ˣԴ𾴡
׺Ͷ綼عˣ˲ϲ߶ҲЩýӽЩţһദˡɩҲԸġ
ҶͬӦòϲδĴѣΪΪˬ۶ģδػӦôɴࡣ
ЩҲͨߵģòҶ˵ţۻֻҪ쿴ſѩ㹻ˡ
һĿ
˵˵ЦЦҲһ
ɫѰû
Ҷ泳Ա㣬ϮߵϣǰҲ붯öɰɲȥԸĿ̡
ۿЦ˵ղˣ˯
һһϲǵˡ
𣿶᲻
Ҷ泽չչ˼һԽԽǾÿСԼϷ߽һ㣬粻ϲ˽ӴҲͲҹޡ
һ룬Ҳԡ䣬Ըһ˶ǻϲϲ׼˷ޱȵڴҶͬ
ҹĹ뷿¡һˮĻƻҾʲ񴰻ʻɫ÷գҹüܿϲȵ֦
ˡ
ЦֲͣǼҶ֮ɫҲſɩţտʼҶ泻ֱֵģûĹȻ˯ˡ
߻ͬҹ벻֪ɩ˯֮죬ת뵽ɩǽշޱȣЩۡһֱʺͼ֮Уٳ޷˯ֱԺﴫ
ǺɣҹһԺϽԼҹ
ˣ˵ӿġ
һæһڲҶ˯㣬һʱ֪òýѡɩ˯ˡ
Ȼѿɣɵ
ɩˣҡȥͬ˵׳׳·ȥ
ҹɫģˮ
վԺǳʱٷ䣬躮絶棬仪޶֮η
ǰλ磬ϵͣǲšȶЩҲŷ
磬ɩ˯ˡ
š
Ҫ𣿡
á
߻Ϊ˼ǲҶ泣ŶԭҲˣȴѴǰݡ
һҪҪȥԥʱˣﱧŹűȻ˯Ҷ泡
ǡ
Ȼ
Ŀڷȫ䡣
Ϊ㿴ʲô
˸ȳʱѳѩ԰
߾þţٳٻز
ɣûзֶ˺ܶࣿ
ɣĵ⻹÷
ʯΪӦϲİɡ
ǡղźڹҡ
ɣֹ֮ǰҹʱ;òס
ǡǲԸ˯ڱ𴦰ɡ
ߵ͵͡һʲô

ҶһҹһƬãȻǵԼѩһ˯ģôһߵ˾ͻ
ױʱϲõĴ˯Լѩﱧģ²֪߻Ǹþ
ױϣ͵͵Ѵˡ
½ڣֲʧ䡣ɶɽԨ֮ޱ޵ס
Ӧû
ĵˣЪѩķֲ飬˯ڱ˼˼ȽԼ˻ûŪѣڴ²⡣
ţԸİ
ǻ֮ڣ޶ҪҶҡ
һӦǽ׼ɫʹġֹƷʮƥ޵ȣȡ˫ν֮˫ɶԡһֻ۽ݣںβͦأԢ⼪
ͷУѾͷһ˺ƺƵֱϡ
ǿƷףޱȡ׺ӧգ¿񻨣м仹йĻռǡ;֮˱á۷׷סµĳҶ泵ĺ˵
Ҷҹ˯úã񼫼ѡ
Ҷ˼ɫһġٿվһ𣬶˵һһòӳơ
Ҷϱһ˫˵ķ绪ۣзʪ뵱ǵȾ֮£ڮá
Ů밮Σϲ֦ͷ¡үϧΪɳգóԸճɾ
ƺҶΪҶˡҶЩʧȴҲú׿ȻΪڡ
Ҷ˼ĵػӵĿүӦǹԼǹأܳƺһԼʵ仹СһΪ
ҶҶˣҶȻҲҶˣҶĸҶϷˡҶúҶҶ빧ظ밲ƿү
н򼴿ɡ糣
µҶŪͿˡ
˿Ҷ泣
Ҷ泵нɡ
ָĿڻ
ȫ֮Ҷ˵
ҶҶϽ˷䣬ҶΣش˵ǼáҶԥ죬ˣûԲ
Բˡ
Ҷϳһɫ졣ǹ뷿֮У
Ҷ̾Ϣʲôģôܡֲ˼˵ڴ̫֮޵УԼмܲס
룬˵пɡ
ҶϼŮɫ󣬲
ҶĸҶý
ҶЦ˵ȹʱҶùȥСסգʱȥ̫ҽΪҶӵ塣
ԣ־ϲ
Ҷû뵽㻹¡
ۿ㣬ҵ޴󰭡㻹ûڹȽţóȻҹȥСסǻ˵л
Ǹĸ˭˵л
ˣǽΪáٵЩʱգ㽫˳֮²ŽùȥҶ˵
õȣ
Ҷ泼֣
ҶŮţһ˶ű˸߿һۡЩƽղôŵҶĸܸо
Ҷȥŵллڴ֮յİġȥ֪ҹлҹѾסȥ˳Ϸ˾Ȼ˸Զƺﱣý
ԶֻһӣǱνԪ
˶Ҷ泽޲ڣǰǱýҶ泼빫ҶҵݵλһμǱ߲ŵ˻¼áμҼҷӽԺáΨһ֮˶ǡҶŮ˫֮࣬ҶҴŮ޹ȥһֱٺò
ҶϵЩʧ̬ڣԸ⻹ֵرʾؼɷ顣
ͳ˵˺ôһҲ˼ЩĶȻ˵˺Щμҵ¡
δ˰ǣλĴͳӡ󼫺áŵڣǰ붼룬˵˵ȥҲȫĸ޵ǿμôܻȢ
һ˵꣬Ҷü
ֲýûҶ׵Ϣԭ»ˡ»Ǻ£ӦӹǰجˡֻǺö˶˵Ϊγ
Ҷ˼ް˿ϲá
ҶԭĻϲԽԽºʡһҹϣҡΪδ˺ͿүãպҲʱ߶
ΪΣ
Ҷ泿һԼãҶԭĸἰԼʱߺһıְ֮
£Щס
ﲻףʻҶĸϰ䣬޹ȥǺʡ
δƷ֮ʣǴǰƺҺμסΪμҶѡлңĸ׿д飿
Ҷҡͷֻ˵лҶף֪μҲסμŵڣ˵Ҳ;䣬˵ʲô顣
Ҫȥ
áҶ泵ÿүȥʡ
⡭𣿡Ҷ
ʡ
Ҷ泸ȥû׵ԭȥȰνԪҲ޽μҡ
ȥ·ϣֱӽ¸֮
˵֮δɣΪȥԡʾд֮ףΣŵ˳ʱţȥ˼ѯһࡣ
Ҷšüϸ˼ô׼˶֪Σܹգ۵һ˿ɣȴʲôҲûʡ
ǵȽȫ֮ˣ޽μҶᲡοҼ¶϶ϲԣ뿤ѰȰδˡ
šһ
ҶɳδչԼֲ²⡣᲻ΪԼţ˲ŻȥԣΪԼĺһ֣²Ż䵽ͷϡ
νԪӣΪɺϣ
δ˵λˣΪζǲģ
ֹλλ
λ
ѵǿޣ
Ҷ𾪡
˶ǲģ
ǡ
͹ˡ
λҶûšӻãϰ֮ˣôҲǻӡ
ûлɹ

Ȼ˵Ǿ֤νԪļλȷʵڼνԪбǾ͸ˣμνԪ游һ˶νǶӣöûУνԪˡ
Ҷ룬Ҳܼ޹ȥ
ʱѹʱѽƫֿȣӳϵǱм䲢ͣٺӵ£ʱͣڹſڡ
޶һϴҶȳ
£ڴǰȡһ˲ᡣĿĵطţ۾˲ϣȴ֪ȥ
ʱľĵģ
ɫĹ£ɶ¶ںڵ㷢٣ɢԺǰءʩ֬۵ɫСͨ͸Өһ˫ˮãдżĨ˼޽ؿе˲ᡣ
в֮
Ҷ泡ѽһһ
ûС
ԡ֮ˮ
еã֮ɫ֪ɽδ⣬ǱǰɫԡԽĴ¶
ãУվǰ㣬ǽӵ뻳һ㡣
ʵ˲ᣬиΪļ֮ѧҿԽ㡣ͼһ㡣
֪
֪
ҶĲãȰĽȩ̈Žߵˡּ֮
˲ƻۡ


57 
̨֮,ĬĬȼա
һһ̷ν֮顣˫ȱ۴,Լߣ֮,쳤ؾ֮⡣
һһӳ졣
ҶͫԼ,Ҫ޾ɸɾڷƱɪɪ,ȴÿ־塣
ãɢЪ
йƽ,īһĳ
,ֳȵſ,ڻС°͵ķ,Ϣ޴ڡ
ȥ𣿡
롣
ٺã̫࣬ϲ
Ҷ泲˵,֪ôش
޳˳,䵽ľ䣬΢ָĦƤһʱļһʱš
ˣǷܻȥ
Ҷ泵ɴۣ޲µһ˾,˼άڳˣȻ뵽һ㡣⻰ʲô˼ǻɳȥ,ȫ

Ҳȥ,ҲȥⱲֻڿ,㿤ʱ,䡣пܣ±һ±Ҳǡ
𣿡
ΣյϢƽҶˡ
ǰ˿ɲǺúŪëͷСӣ˻ӣʲôĴûʲôûҲȻɫɫˣʶƹıơ˵ֶΣҲĺԼĿ̫ĴȻΪԼǰŪ
ҶԿ˼˲֪ҲҲ˾ҲȥҲԸ⡣֮ǰĸĸ׶ҡȿλãҽӲС¡ԼѲԼͿԵ̫ǳ˿ĶҪһֻԼܺͿײ롣
һ䣬оԼвָϣס°ͣʹͷȵĴ漴ϣշתսɱ
һޡ
˵ùһ㲻ʮ塣һ徲ˣʮ͵˫
һҹݲУʱȫɢܣѿһˡʬһҲԺĪǾüܣ·ܿԼĹͷǿƴһӡ
µ˵ֱˣ
ϲ̺ʱ͵Ц˶¶öǸʼٸ߸м㡣
ҪҪūڿʼ׼Сӵ·
Ҷĥĥ֡
á

ϲˣЩӦ׼ô̫˵ӣѵǲӣ
Ҷ̣ҪԼͣѾͷԲһѡһǳʲô£ճ
һͿദǹ˺ӣǻġ
ԭ
ϲȻ
Լҹ飬˸ж
ʲôҶһĪѾͷö˶˵Ĩʲôᡣ
ϲ𣬡ū̫жˡԿһƬ飬Ǹжү޸
Ҷ뷭ۣ޸ʲôáúÿʲôãϴ̣Ҫ粻׽
ǰϲԼӵ뻳ڲ֪֮Զңɼһĵһ뻳Уһʱһʱ̣ůֻԼ֪
صжˣҡ

һĸ˯ʱ˵²¡ҶСˣЪһ׼ȥ
ǡʱϷ˸𾭣תķ顣ǷѳɫӦкЩͷӵֱˣ𪲻ߡ
ʾҪţ㰲һԡ
һӺϷۡһ̧㿴ҶһĽӣºǵ̹
ĸӺݣϱЩˡ
ϷԽԵãݣȻӺݡҶ˲ϲҲã˵ôЩ
ʹһɫּʼƪۡ˵ĶŮӵݾֹһһۼΪࡣ
Ҷ泾֪ЩԼЩׯǶׯˣҲһԽԽľ
ǮȨΪİ㣬ϣø⡣ԽߣԼ׽Уڣ
ƵƵʧǵϷв졣
ĸĪ֣ϱһֱĸ˵ˣǻһɫɫ·ɫá
Ϸ˽մǺӣӾ󣬵ɫԼƶδɫ۵·̼ǵǻᣬϹÿƤףɫΪƤЩһӦʳǴϱЩĪ˵ƫɫɫС
˵ʲôΪȣΪأݣһֱΪȻȻҶϵĻԼƺ˺öණ
Ҷ泼΢
ĸ㸣Ӧˣɫĸ֮񡣡
üϷйƣ֣ܺ
ʲôƣ˭涨͵Ů˾ͱŹأ벻֪ᣬڡϼͶ̣Ҳܺ졣ĸǹϷˣӦʣÿﰵɫ֪ĻӲ⡣
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·һתͷ֮һ֦˳֦֮ҪͻأһЩǰ֦۶ϣڵϡ

ҶĹ̾ڴϵĻ꣬Ծɲ̨µʯʨ˴֪˶ٸ
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һѩ˵һϲȵ֦ͷУҲ֪ʲôϲ¡û뵽ǽ˶磬˼Ҹˡ
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60 
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ȻкϮҶ泱һһ͸ǵĵԼıϡûͷָ֪о
Ҳ˲Զվŵˣ˲ȫӲ˺ü
Ƕ磡
ÿ£ɱ˵ĵ
Ҷ泼ѵһ¿ˮΡ
ߡ
ҡͷ
ˣɩô죿
Ҷ泵ҺǷޣ㻹𣿡
߲⡭˵
лҪ˵ڲ㡣Ҷ˵
ǡߡ
Ҷ泺Цͷȶȴڴ򶶡
ˣת
ˣ
վ£˪
һϵĹٷԽԵ䡣Įüۼƻǧѩ治޶ԡڵ޼ԨӿС
飬׽ӳǽӡ
Ҷ泲ܲ˵رסϲͷ
Ҳ̫ˣ͸ˡ
ôô磿֪ˣӦġҶɫ˫Сˮ١
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ôţȻвһ˿ůڴ֮һԭΪδʱˡ
΢򣬹īͫӳǰǰСһһϵĴ˵˳ٵ
֪Ǽ٣ȴˡ
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62 
Ҷòӷ,ЦˡﰵһùҲ֪Լַ˵ļɻ䡣Ǻѩﱧһ£ڰôһ
ѵΪ˵Щ
˲֪,˻֪֮ԴԽΪԭ֮ռԭ,ӦΪԭþ
˵˵˼£ȥֻ
,ҽĸѩȥ¥Է,ĸĿ͡ԭǲȥģֲĸʹ,ҲмСú,ӵļмҲΪѡ
Ϊң
Ȼء
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ɫ䣬СƭӲ˵ԼΪѩ,ҲΪѩֵֻ
أ
ǲ,Ҳòˡ,˭,ȥҿ,Ҳˡ
ܸɡ
һ
ϲŵҪЩͷ½ҹˣƽͨ͸־һүͷ˿ɲʲô£ֵܴܸóҫûĸŮ԰ڡĻҲҽǲԽӾԽ󡣻֮ղ
Ҷǲ֪ɽлƫɽСϾɵûӣ뻢ıƤҲûá
ôôǲ䣿ǸϽݰɡ
ȥ֣֮ʮָۡ
ཻ֮䣬ɫ
ǣ֣һ·ԡҪ˵Ҷִ˵ùͷòװư͡
⣬մζݺ󣬸Ͻ˱ˮԡɢŰɵķŵ³ʱѲڡ
ȥˣϲ
ϲͷū澲֪
һˣʿ¡
ȥŴ
Ḷ̌һӦӡһ㣬Ҷ泺⡣վѾͷ˷һЩϾǳԵ⣬ǱǾͲˡ
ϲŶһߵߵ˳ȥ
ʱϲ˵ˡ
ҶĪ벻ȻԲȥ롣ȵʪ͸Ҳûԣڴ˯ˡ
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⵹ˡ
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˯úãȻ緹ʱŽϷ˻᲻Ǵƣһֱȵʱ̣̫̫Ҳûš
ʱ˵涼ڴֲһֻè
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ȻڿڣǴ÷з
˲֪ؾȴǷ׷ָ档ʹ֤ԼǱݣȴҡ
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Ҷ泲޷̵ţ̫̫ǰεȲ´ͻ飬ĳǺελδŵĴϱϢˣЩӶǴơ
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ԷǺã˵
Ҷȥѩ԰ϲϲ˭Ҳ֪Ҷ뷹
ϲԭׯ˭Եö࣬˭Ҳû¡ǵõտȥׯʱԼ
ʱһֻһѲԷһЩҲ˵û뿤Ȼһۿǡ
Ҷҵ˿ߵһȴѾͷӲԵö࣬ϲԷ˵ʲôԷ·
˳Է·
ܲ⣬Ͼ˳ԷֻԽԽ
شԷ󡣿ôԵһˣȻ϶Ϊ˯鷿¡
뿤ˡ˵
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븽ͣͻȻͣū澼
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˼ˣԽĮȻβüҶƽ˱
Ҷһҿӣȵֱ·뿪Ŵ㶵ģȴǲͣţͲҹҲ˯鷿ԺݶӸ˯ģԼҲҹЩ̡
֪վ˶ãõ
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ôˣ

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Ҷ̤ʵϻۣ֮ġҶʹˣ֮㼫츳Ӳ߿ޣʱʱݵ䣬ȫҶ泵ͬˡҶ泼żһùԽĿ࿴
У֪ȥСʱ
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ˡҶ״Ӧǲҵģ±ͲԸҳղбǲϲȢңΪʥΪ»鼸ͬұ˳Ц御Ҹ֪ˡ
ءϲӲᣬҹ̫ˡÿ̫ˡ
ˣҲҶԽ񣬡ÿԭΪⱲֻԶԶšҼ޽ӡ¼ҵףͬѨᡣһֱһʵĿҲԸ
ϲҧŴԼ޳
Ҷ泼࣬ȥ͹ˣȻ˰Ѻ·͹ҾͲȥˣ֪һжãҾͷˡ
Ͷ˸ûãһ޳ӰԱߵ
īī
վںҹУá
ǸСƭӣǲˣ
ǲǹЩ

Ҷ˯һþҹﻹһΡӽݣʳɽ䣬߸һλģĹӣж
ΨһвǣտʼλɹӵˣһһҲһ޶
ɼʶ֮Уµ
׼ţϷҲ㻹ѩϯ飬ѩԷ
Ըȥ׼ѩԽͷ
ӦԼʱЩҽݡ
ӣǴṳ̂һҲ˵׹ɭɭĴţΪ档ĽݣŲκ֮һֱŵĲǷ¡
ͷһҪϺãҪ򵽡һ磬ã֭齴硣һùɩʳ󿪡
Խͷ˺ˬ
߼ҶųԣľʣȻѧ
йͷŶׯĴҹҲԵͷʱҶֱҿ
ͻȻһе˲ᡣ
ʱ
һϮϵĹٷ󣬿ѹͬԡǵǳЦɲǶͬ꼻һתɱ΢̧УһʳУ滹¥ļǺš
Ҷ̧ͷһ˶ɵˡ
ôʱˣ


63 
ʢԱֵʱж,ƷҪ빬ϳݼգֵΪʱ̡Աŵîɣîʱһֵֵʱʱ,¶Ƴ١
һ·壬˶Ϣ졣
շ,ҶҲҪʱ˲ŻأҲİѩԷ
ŵò,οߡ
ڿԼҶһ,ˡ
ǲԸ׽ǰȥδ֮ṳ̂ԺӡС,ֻԶԶ,ҡ
,ö֮غͶɩнǡ֪粻ϲ׽,ʮϲ࣬ݲðۻࡣͶɩԳһѹͷǽ֭,綨Ȼġ
ô죿
ʱ,ҶѾӭȥ
ЩǸҵ𣿡
ʳ¥ļǺţ϶ǲˡ
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ʳ,ʳлҪء
Ҷ泸Ͻʹɫ,߰
ɩ,ҡ
Ȼȥ,ȥ㡣
ǡˡ߲ҵķ򿴣ȷźɣ뿪
һߣҶ泾͸Žҡ
ڴ󴲱ߣ𵶡
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θڲ̫ãǡýѩˣҾųԵʵġ֪˻ұػŶӵ
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䡣
Ƶ÷СƭӵǰĹͷѵСɽһ㡣ԲãͰ͵ھ¥ĳ׼˼ˡ
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಻һ飿˺ж࿴һۣ类Ե֮еĸо
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ǣ뿤ԵԵ֮ҡ
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Ҷһɴȹյҹ˯֮ǰ˻ûлϴ˯ʱûΪعɺãҹһ绨ѩ£ԭ顣
ţһ˯á
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ȻҹȻҲ˯ˡ
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һ˳Էһ˿飬ȷʵڡԭҶҪȴ֪Ϊлмָꡣ߹ȴǲٽԺӡҶ泺ΣֻóԺͬڹͩ˵˻Ự
һֱĺûл
ҶڴǰŴɲΪԼôӰǸ˵
ԳһЦԼˡ
ΪԺĺӣȵ²һи

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һѪģ˱ùǹڰգѪ˳ĽһһεصڵϡŨصѪţЩմѪ̾߸}ˡ
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š
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һӡ
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ˣȻҽݡ
ҶΣֻŶԷһȥѩ԰
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Ҷ泿ɲ̫̫֮ǰ没ˣЦЦ˵
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ҶԸгԾĵӵĶǿ죬Ȼ˵ƽ򸾣Ϊǿ
ԡ
˿񣬼˽֪ǰŲŴҪ׵Ϣתͷס˸ղ˵ǺүȻǺˣ֤Ӧƽˡ

ǲǳݲѩˣ
϶ҪӦµģԵҲҪӵģ˵ҪͿ飬ٸظ
̸ʱЦ棬ټֻλ˵¼ϵͬϴ಻ͬ治һˣҲѹֱ»ͻ顣
߳ˣҶ泱ȥѩ԰
׺ϲӣǺðز񡣵ȷӦֿЦ
ɩȻǺġ
Ƕɩ粻Ƕ磬ƽܿεºܣôõɩӡ
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н죬ȫΪ
߿ʣɩҡҪôл㣬ж硭
ֻҪúãǶǵĸл
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Ըȥδ֮ǰ¶ȥ
뿪ѩ԰֮ʱʱѾ硣
·ȥԶԶվڹͩ¡Ӱ߲ζһʱһʱ̧ʱǧâй
Ҷ泸оЩâڿн㣬һ˿˿һ֯һž޴ͷϷȻͷ
ԺĪһƵͷӲˡ


64 
,ȥһ˳˳׼ȥϵԺСԴӼ޵,˪ͽպⷽĽ,ȫ˽
֮ദЩǴһʼԵ,еҪĥϡϱͺͶԵ,˽һʱŷˡ
˶죬ҹ͵ƽšƽҲΪļ, ¶¶һ,ƽ򸾲һš
,֮ȨȨס
ƽ̹Ȼ۵ײزסĻϲ,˵ĵɫԵЩǿֳϲģʱʱ¶
ڿҶʱ,ɫΪӡ
˴ǰһ,ڹ
ʱԭĸ࣬ʹ˸ǰաǼݺ͹֮ˣȻܶԭ࿴
ʱΪͻԼĶׯ֪ԭӡʱἰԼĸ׶ݵչ,ԽϲԼĶ¡
ӡУҶ泲һ,ŻмɫʵŮӡ䲻ϲ,ȴҲ̫⡣
ĳ,ŮӾȻҡһˡ
ǰŮӺȹ,ԽԵðƴܽش˫ЦٻʱḡĴ󷽣ʵһɶõľɫˡȻƷҲڸȴ֪ʲô˵Ȼɱ´ͻ޽˹
Ҷ泵Է۵׵Ӧ˹˵Ż
ҼҿֻѩһãƽǿءʵڲҺͿڼＸꡣ
±ǰ꣬Ҳ֪ʲôô
ԣǱ߿һۡ
Ҳ˵Ҷ泵ԲͬҶУ̧һۣǡ
ͷܴβͣ˳ϲҡ
ֻѹͻзѹúˣҲѵӲһءռ֮󣬾ǳϵسͷ
˼ˣȡ
˼üȥʮֲ졣
˽Դ¿ΪĮȻŮɫЩֻǱ˵ͨңģѾͷûС˽ۣ˴¿߽к֮ӡ
ţ¿Կһ㡣
֮ò޶ģ֮мִ޽ûգȻմЩòڵŮӣ˱ǲϲƷԣҲһʱա
˵¶ΪҪãѵүǱͷ磿
ѩǸɵĺӣǰҲϲ
⻰黰ˡ
ҶЦЦȥߡ
߽վĴȻɰվҶߡɩʲôٶ̬ܿƽＫΪ׽
ҼѩﱾԴĸԽ֪¹Т˳
һҶϵǸ¶ﳤ¶ûеĸᱻ˵Сġ˿⻰˵ıɲȥ
Цߣ˱Ȼ
ɩһ޼һΪĿ
žһ֪ĺӡ
ҼѩϲǲϲǰһţǼ޽ǵȼҴҵĵ˼ңǻǿοң˵ֻһã˸ۣزġ
Խ𾪣¿ȻᰲοˣĪҶԼ
ֻǵɻȥʱǡɿҶ״һ֣û㣬Ȼһա
µһ˾¿û뵽Ҳ磡
ģѩҵţұشŮһ㡣
˵ƷǷĵġѩȥǺҺͿܷġ
ǹ䣬Ȼõġ
ҶһһҼѩֲʱ̧˵ԽģƽҲ˼
̫ǸǧǺԸվӣҲΪγٳûк͹Ǳ߶µԭ򡣹λͬǱܡ˵пһϵڣܹǸһ
¿ʾãû뵽
¶ⲻǰίΪģԼ˲²⡣
ٿͿ̬ȣ¶ȷʵܿءǵջ¶ȷʵǹΨһĹ
Ȼ򸾿أԼҲ⣬µǺʡ
飬Ҳڳ
¶֮߹ɸˡ
Ѿߵ̣µȻб˸Ҳ̶¡˵¸ʮǻƵʱ˵ƽ򸾣Ҷ泶һ¡
ж༱Űü޳ȥӶ鵽£ʮ졣
ֹ̫ϡֻ£һʶһԵƽ
ƽûô룬ˬӦ¡
΢ɼһȻһֱġ
뿪ʱʱ̬ȫһ֮ǰôҲ뵽ȻѾܵ¿żΪؿһֱǿ¶ǿΨһãȻ֮⡣
˵ǰ΢ǣȴ˼֮֡ǰʹһֻۣһۣǴ𶯡
¿ȻЦ
ǰº͵ؿһˣ¿ǶԿ飡
ֲá
ֲñ»ͻ顣
˶˵ղεȲ֪ܣȴ⣬á
֣֮¶ппֳҶ԰һ
һԱȣǱȢλﻹҪס
´ǹŮ׵ֳһι˵Ҳⲻ¡ֻ¿ڵģ¹ܱȡ
һĻϲģЩЩҡһʼľ¶Ҳǰһᵽ¾ͳһѵĳùϸ𡣶ǰ֪Ҫ͹ʱʲô˵˵ȫƾĸ
£ԽԽʡ
ԶȥҶ泺ûлȥǸҲҶЩЦλۣһͽ
󱧱ףһֱ˹
ʱ˫ȶڷƮǵطԣʱԣǻһг˵
޶δȥ·˵ԺӣֱȥϷ˵á
Ҷ˻ûݣȵ
ϲĸϲĸϱĸϲˡ
ϷһϲҶէʲôǷ£ϲ¡
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ЩϲӺ
Ϸ˲뿴ӣΪɷ̫ء鲻ٿôɷԽĶ¡
ҶûɫȵǰϱͿĸϲġĸѩѩ˺£ĸ֮
ѩ¶ˣļҵĹӣϷ˾ʣôǰҲû
ˡҶһɵģ¶üǰϱŪˡû뵽ƽƽԵţöѩӵ¡
ʲô
Ϸ˾˵
õŮŮģŮġ⼸涼ڴҪףϱ翪ʼ׼
˵һ飡
ѩӶס˼ƽ˵ˣǿѩ˼ԽģŶ¡
ҡ
ϷһҲ˵
̫ͻȻѹز
Ҷ־һһѩģ˺¶Ĺͣø߸ߵģл𶼷
ĸǲǻϲ˵ϱҲˡҪ˵ѩĶģĸĸԽǶֹɡƽ˶ѩǿֿ䣬ֱ˵ĸѩ̵úãΪǺһĸ
Ҷ泸пţβ鵽һѾͷͷԺӡ
Ŀ΢գգۡ
ǰӿ
Сǡ
ǰ˺ǡ˼ҹԼϣǰݣǰ㽿߽
ѹסĿӿаԽİ
Ϸ˱Ҷ泵Ļһһ䣬ò֪˵ʲôһƬңð춼Ӧ
µ涨ˣүµĶ
ǣýǳˡ
̫ĳˣ
ɲʱϱţ˵Цû֪ĸ죬˼ү˾Եס˵ĸЦϱǸûģǿǡҲڣϱҪЦġϱ²ǻعոջĲڣϱҪͷĸˡ
ϷﻹЩңôһЩͷ
Ҷ˵´̽ڷ絽Ҳ졣ýǳˣȻףȥΪء
Ϊʲô
һֱôѩ
ϷʹˣҲԽԽƫͿϸһ˼ԼǶӴʹľ
ϴ뽫Ů޸лʱ˵Щƶһʯϲϣ²¡ɷ˵ʲôѩֳ¡
ĸѩģϱ֪Ϣ϶ˡѩòһд̵˶̵úãʢõƷǣ˭˲֪в˶˵ǹΪĹˣ֪нգȫΪĸʹȡ
˵ʲôϷ˲ըë˭˵ǹĹˣĸ۵˵ģ
˵˶ˡҶװ̵ӡϱǰ˵ĸ˲ˡںˣ˭֪ѩĸġѩｫ޽˶̵з
Ϸ˺һɫЩѿ
ʱԺ⴫ŲҶ泴ǹ˹

ׯʱ̬޿ޡʱΪ񱼶΢ңΪҡ
ڿҶ泺һ˲䣬类ƹѡ
Ϸ˵һοŮʧ̬ģü˻ţ
Ů˵ѩﶨˣ֪Ļ˼ң
ҶЦŽӻƽӡɲ֪ͺף˲ͣѩ֪¹ɣĸ̵з
ֻ֣ӡ
ʲôҲûȥо۾ֻҶһһϵĴźϺϼ䣬·Ƕ޾ĳ
ˣ
һ˵Ĺ
ôܺǸ˶ף˲ͬġ
ĸûϲöɵˡǼѩ˺£ÿɵץõĳòﶨȻҪǧѡҲ֪ļҵĶиȢĵŮ
˵䣡Ϸ˵׻ƫСߵĴŮǺܿغġ
㵽ĸ
δţվŲ
ҶƲ죬òǼѩɣҪ˵ҲǣٲҲֳܱǴ¼ҵĹŮһǸǺã
˵䣡ϷɫԽãڶҲڣĻ˵
δ̧ʼնҶϡ
Ҷ泵Ȼ֪ԲŸеѴҪƱҪٻеס
˵ǰͷܱȳºáǰ滹ڴҪ͹ףҲ֪˭ɢҥԡ˼˿˵ˣǼҾ޴⡣Ҳ֪ǲ˽ŴΪԼƣһϺ
ˣˣ
ܴ̼ͻȻ񣬱ҲüΪֻһͷɱˣ
Ҷ׼ʱ㵽ﻹֵ˵Ҫɱˣң
һ£ʶ֪ͣ粻ǵġ
ʱҶ泴̽Ϸ˶¶һޱȵЦݡ
ŮĿʱ֪ˡ


65 
һǹĵճŮ,Ժյļע͸һȡСŷţҪ÷Ҫꡣ
ϲᣬ֪ĸ׺˽,ҲΪϲΪԼһԼ޽ƽΪӡ
̫һ,עһһ֪ӺʱῴԼǸõԲһֻŹ,ʹ,ݺߣȴʼձŸ߸ϵԽ,Ϊȷ˲ͬһŮΪӷˡ
Ϊʲô
Ϊʲôջͬ£
Ǹ,ƾʲô£
Ҷ泣
һ˵Ĺ
˾ȻҳЦ,Ҫɱ,Ҫɱˣ
ʧֳҶ˹ȥ,Ҫɱ㣡
Ҷ泶,ĹѾ㵽Ϸﻹĸҡ
ãӺѩѾףﲻʹҲܺɱǹģҪϽ͡
񱾾ʧ,£Խ
ɱ,ɱ㣡
ϷĿ,һҲҪεӡŶ,ĳ档¶ׯĴŮ,ȻҪɱˡ
ؿŴŮӣͣˡƫƫҶ泻󣬲Դ
ҵػ˫֣͵ȹ
ҶԴһƱʵʵϷ˵ϡϷ˱ȵͷۻǰŴȻγͬ

ĸĸû𣿡Ҷ泷סãǲǷˣôִܶĸ
·˸սԺţҶ˵Ļһͻͻ
ֻڰУϵķڣ۵ƺһЩ
·˼ֱԼ۾ŮȻһӡôˣ
㷽ûڣҼֱˡһҪɱˣִĸ
ϷỺˣӡɼ
ҶЩ̫̫ǿʮˣ˫˫ܵػҲ֪ܲܳܵס죬ȥ򡣡
򡣡Ϸ˸Ͻֹҳ󲻿ˡ
ȥү
Ϸûֹϸԥһ£Ͻܳȥ
黹ûŪΪҪŹү·뽫ѹ¹֪
źֻãѵûпĸôĸ£븸׹ѵָײТ𣿡
ϷҵúܣŮյ񣬻дϱı֣Ѿʧ侲üΪƣǶĸŮ
·ģڹ˼
ֻҶ泺Ϸˣ㹻İѹ´¡ƿصˣҲ˵˵ˡ
̧֣־͸һ⡣
ôˣɩЦôһִ綼ûУ
ǺպޡҡҾŶɩ˭֪ɩĸ˳
ãɲ۾˵Ϲ˿ЦҪɱ˵ģĸûͿأߵڰסûĸĸѵ֪𣿴û÷ž͸ƵģҲ֪ƽﵽ׻˶Թ㿴ĸ׳ʲôˡ
ûϷˣóϷҲûϺͿǸϣûбƻ֪ġ
ɩҡҸղһʱҾ㡣
ͿҼˣҾͿԶִˡĽأأĸ˶Ůз㵽׶ĸж಻ŻԼŮĸһ˵ǹΪĹˣģ
һ仰¼ڡ
ϷĿֽűŭ·ˡ
·һֱ˵ĸоǲŵ¼汸ףʱ価򶨣֪뽫Բȥ²ס
ĸף洫лҲ֪֪ǴģųģƽТ˳
ﾹȻ֪Ĵԣҷǵһ˵ĸ֮Ҷ״Ϸˣĸû𣿡
ͬһȻ﷢¶֪ζʲô
ϷǴģ޵ǹĸŴ󻧣լϲ˵ͨҲȫǸСס
ֻôһ˲䣬׵ɫࡣ
ϣ
ϣ˵˵ǲģ
𣬶ϱ¡˵һЦϱôܻϣ
ԭûзϡҶȻ״ĪǴΪԼʵ飿
Ǻ⣿
ĸϱ𣿡Ҷ¶ί飬ϱֻΪĸƽĸôãΪ˻˵ǹΪĹˣô̵Ŀ𳤣
ֳ˻Ϸ˲ۣҲµܡǵһʶԼǧѡĶϱҲǵһʶԼСųĴŮ
ʱ¹ˡ
¹·ϣϸ˵һš
һĸϵĺףؿһ¶·񡣶Լһ˫ŮǺӵģҲǲġ
ĸףǶӽŮ޷
ϷһϴĪһᣬͬʱҲԽµܡôܹ㣿Ҫ־͹ûаŮ̺ã
·ܲסͷᡣ
үҡû̺Ҳ֪ʲô̼úõľȻ¡
ףŮֻɩ̫ƫѩŻһ£û뵽
˭ҵĹͺɱҽǼʶˡҶ䣬żֳʲôò˫ȫʲôׯ֪ԭĸҲޣ
ǸޣһĶ⣬¹ϣҲϷ˺·˵ϡǻ֪Լ˱˵Ȧס
Ҷ泣
ˣ
¹Ҷ泴ֱɣؿ
ôһԵŮӣʵ̫
ֶҲ˼ʶУǶ࿴һլ
¹ԣͺ
ǺҶվһߣѵǱֱɵŮӹƻˣ
ֶͲŴ󲮽Ů
̧ȾߣҶ泵ȻҪϡ
Ϸ˶ߣĸ˼ҺúЪšϱ²ǵ˷財պɱˣַ衣
ϷؿھŵȷʵˡĿںۣ·˺ˡ
Ҷ׷ʱ·˺ҲˡԶԶضһۣü۹˾ֻǱ˴֪
вȫǶ
·޵ؿҶ泣Ůõ档
ʲôʱ򶼲ʱҶ泶·˵ļƺͳǸµ֪ǳ£·Ҳڸǲɱ˵ʵ
һ財Զһ˵Сݽ棬ҲֵԼһζ
ֻ֪ͳ˾Σ
Զ޶ݡ
Ȼˡ
Ҷ泶𰸲⣬ʱǨ֮·а취ΪԼŮıһδһ˵ˣȻˡǻһطʳĽ⡣
һ̫ˡ
ôôؾǰ֡
Ŀ𣿡СȫȸԾȴװ
á
񱻽ҴĿ֮ûΪѩͷԹ䲻׽е߶һ١
£ãҶʲô𣿡
ã
β䡣
ʲôΪʲôѣҲ档
ãϲˡ
⾡ɢüࡣ
Сƭӣں

ºܿ촫˳ȥҶ泱ͻǰ˶ƽ͹׵ϢҲûʲô𾪡Ϊǰ¼ҵĴͻȻ¼ҵĶ˾Щζѡ
񣬹ҵҶ泣ȻҪ𵱼ĸĵӡ
ûⷽľ飬ٲҪȥˡʱ򣬴һݼױӡͷȴǼá
һױǰͳǰ׼ģҶ泺⡣
ȥʱδ檡㳤и檣Ҳ̫ܻδŮ׼һݼױݼױᡣ
ʵݣһƸһǼױ
ԳδŮ˼ױδӱƸ񡣵ʲôؿŮˣЩ

ԡ
ĹŴŮҲôȣοǴԽĳ
䣬ƺͨһЩ¡
żױȥߣߵͿˡ
˵ĸ׻һϲҵġǰֻǺҵģû뵽ȻġҡҴûмĸףҲûТȴôá
˵ڣһϲѩ
ĸҶ˵Ļڸ檵Ĺϵ
¶ˡ
Ҷ룬ֲõ곤¹ֵ֮󣬻޸ԼСԭΪ

ϷĲˣĿۣĶ·˴ԺһֱţһһҹȥˣҲȡ
ϸַϷ֮˼ΣǼֲߡ
Ϸú٣һҲ뿴ǶĸŮ˴߷ߺͱƭŭ޲ƿڴ
Ҷ泹ʱ򣬿ľ·˺ĳĵ·˵ǺݣǴڡ
ùʲôĸúúõģ֪˻ΪڿɥأӦϽûȥúý̵ٲÿһʵ̫ˣҲ֪ǲǵ˷財
۾ɳѪ
ѽã㡭㲻Ҫ˰ɡҶ˵ţһֵܡ
ϷУȲϲҶ˵ֱ̫ףҲЩɻҶ˵Щһƫִ֪ᳯ෴ķƫִ
ڶ·˺ɣȻǾǵһһǱġɥƵĹ棬Ѳ
ߣ
ֳȥˡ
ĸĪӣֻЩ˵⡣
Ϸûûѩﱸ޵ǻʹСҽֻ³Ųѩ޵һ졣ѩ޺󲻵̫̫꣬ˡ
Ҷ̫̫ǲ̫ϲҲʲô۵ˡ
ĸƵûţϱӺųȥ͸
ϷȷʵƵܣĿڶµôƵһҶ泷˺š
ľ´£ʱҶïȻ
Ҷϸϸ˵߳׵һӦ׼ˣʱѯ̫̫̫̫ɫȻãüһЩ
ҪƹһɽҶͻȻͣ¡ԶԶ·˺̫̫ܵɽ
Ϸüͷ𣬵Ҳǲ뿴ˣû˵ʲô
Ų˵Ҳˡ
ô죿ĸԭңҡҸô죿ҲģһŮƾʲôҵ£
ֻǶ׶ѡ
׶ѣţ͵۾ԣֻǶ׶ѡмʲôʣ³ɲҲǿܵġ
ʲôܽأ
ɱǸˣ
Ҷ泡
һ
Ŀ÷񣬾һ̶ȲˡʿԵá֪Ū֮֮谭ˡ
ԡ·֪ʲôҡҡͷʯЩ˲㲻ԽݺǶϣΪա
ǡǶˣܿҪˡ
Եעıߡмٶ࣬ٶѣչĶһġ
𣿡
ĸ׼ʱƭ㡣
ĸҲϲˡ
ĸʹˣͿҶ泺סˣʲôҲȥֻǵ壬Ҳ֪ܲܰס
ԣ¿
ĸĸضԹպҲܺʹǰһϲڡ
ĸˣǸ˾Ͳڼ޽ʱТ꣬˭֪ᷢʲô¡
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ԣԣĸȥѩҪТ꣬±ضҪƳ١ʱ䣬㹻ˣ
ϷǲȻŭ
Ҷһûס˳ȥ


66 

·˺һ,һ񣬱ͬʱĪ˵ķ
ĸˡ
˴徲,ǰˡϷ˺Ҷ泳ʱû˸ţ·˺Ҳûһˡ
ɽĲԶ,һСͤͤһСرߡԺ˲ĳµ뷨,ĸʹ,·СĵˮС
Ϸǻ˼¡
Ҷ泸Ͻ,ӱ
۵׵ķ,áҪ˺ĸһ,Ǿ͸ˡʱеĹ,˭Ҳỳɡ
ĸŵ㡣

ĸ˵,ҪˡҶܿ˼,Խݺ㡭Ϊôǣѵö𣿡
·˵ʵûб仯Ϊ̫ƽŸ˾ù졣
Ϸֻһ,ȶˡ
ϡ
ȰûǱɵ,Ҳ˼һϾҿһ֮ܵӵ,涯ֲá
Ϸһ⻰,˹
Ҷ׺,ӶĶ֣οĸŮƽһΣȻԭ׺ŮҲȫô㾳ʱʮİ
˵ʲôôһҲ·ǰϷˡ
Ϸ羪֮һ㣬ˡ
ĸףôˣ·¶ǣѵʲô˹ƻˣԼĶϱϱŮ𣿡
ƽТ˳һӦнʱ޲𡣵ϷȴľĪÿ־塣
ߣǿߣߴҶ泡
Ҷãߡ
ͷ˵Ǳƺ޷Ŵ
Ϸ˼Ҷ泷ߵ÷ɿ졣Ϊߵ̫ʱҲվ塣
·˺ԭأû
¿Ǻãĸˡ
¡·˵һᣬĸʹˣС˵Ĳԡ˵ֻǵ壬ԵĿû˵ʲô
ԣҡǵĸܲסƴͷĸôһܻΪġ
Ȼȥȥ㸸ĸ˭ˣֻһˣɲʲô¡汻סˣֵüլΪѵ㸸ס
һ֪ĸа취

Ϸһֱ갲µźһЩҶ泲ţ·аȫС
֪ղж຦¡
Ҷ泷סڶ֣ĸ£ء
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ǧȴ֪Ӻ˵õˣĻǴϸ˳ӡЩϣҲԽԼļ֡
Ȼڣ֪ǻڻǺޡ
⣬ΪҲʮֽ֪Ҷ泣ȴҲҶǰ˵ԼĹʧںޡ
ĸ˵ǵȴ治Ļɼķˡ֪˵Ҷ泰ڡ
ԣԣǷˣ
ǿɲڸһַϱĸȰȥׯӡ
ʱ⴫¹ˡ
¹Ƕǰ󻹸·ˡ
ĸףɺЩˣ·ʣڵǡ
ϷŭǲǰͲٶƭҺÿ࣬Ͻˣ¼ݲ֮ˡ
·ԣɫס
¹üݵؿҶ泡
ֶϱ֮󣬼Ķࡣ
Ҷ泵󲮣˵ʲôĸˣѩҪТ꣬ڱҪƳˡ
ĸ׵壬һ졣ֱڿ죬ȵĸ׵壬ֺѩĻڡⲢˣ뱻үԴ޽ЩΪ˴£ôܶĸײ
㡭˵ѵһ𣿡ϷվٶǸҲ
ĸס·ˡˡһڵϣ¡ôܻ˼ʲôеͷЩᾡķųģʲô֪Ϊ˼䲻лͶ˲¼ɡ
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ҶЦ˵ʲôˣ׿˵ģĸ׶ġϴôĸ£ҲҺİɣʱҲڳ󲮲ңѵſ𣿡
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λ̫ҽʮüȵۻʱѽ̫ҽԺְʮءȻ̫ҽԺӡ
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ϼλ֮б乬ӡԭЩ乬̫ȥ̫ҽҲ˵ߡӽмɻ䣬Ӳҽ̫ҽԺĴȴΪΡ
˴뵽ʹʲôϢҲû͸¶ȥ˶¹λӷ˷衣ͳ𰸲Զ
Ҷ泶뵽㣬ο·ˡ
ǡҪҵ
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Ҷ泻ĸĻĳ࣬˷ѻ򡣴Ӽ޹ڣһ֮ڡ뷨ŲӣͻȻӡ
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һξȻ³첻⻰˵ȥ˭šǴʱ˿̣νԪˡΪʶ³죬һΣŪ֮ˡ
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أǲҲɸνԪһϣ۰Ͱ͵СӵܸģӦҲܡ
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⻰˵ˣʲôû˵ȷʵƣҲȻ֮νԪ鸴ӣһѾһۻµĸǽ
Щˣ˵һһ룬ϲ˵ϻ
Ԫ֮ǰҲǲŵģɲҲš
죬Сô˵ôˡ
תҪϽӣνԪסҲֵȥһ
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ҵֵ
أֵ֮Ҫظ
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ϲ˲ʱһ÷Ըæ˳ȥ
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69 
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ĸ򣬲Ƿʲô
ϧ,úõĹŮĲǲҲѰʲôԵΪһ,ˡ
,Ϸ˲ҲװҶ泳ȥΣʱ䶼硣߽Ҫ޵ǰ,Ϸһˡ
Ե,ϲ˱زᾪҶ泡
Ϸ,Ҷ泿ɲš˻ѩ԰,֮û˯ãױʱŹǷ
ʲôʱˣŹǷϲ
îʱ
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Ҫ֪ҹｫʱ˯ǸǲҪ,Ҫ졣ƾʲô˵,˵ͲֲǳԶǰ̻ʵģΪԼҪˡ
˵»ƿءͷûʼ˵,˵ҲûеıQڶԷ֮ڡͬ⣬ϸ첲ϸȵĿ϶Ť
ܴ,ھԵʵǰ,һֻ
ɣ˵,Ϸɫϲ˵
ѩ԰ǱŵǺɣ,ɣȻ˵һЩ
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ƾ̫̫ô·˶Ժһԡ
뵽ҶԽ
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Ӱȥѩ԰Ϸһ۾Ϳˡ
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¶࣬ϱĸѩ£ҹﳣپ
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ĪҹҪˮҪУ˼ţšüͷĥҪҪһ¿
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ǴǰôҲϵˣ¾Ǿ˳۶ˡ
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ϲĵѩԽòߵΪĳѩҲϲ
ĸǼѩ̫ˡ
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ԱߵӺսսֻȣͷ絷⡣
һ˵һѵĻϷ˲žеڸɣһȵĲѵݵǰЦĲõϱĪ̹ࡣ
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Ǻȶˣָʹ˵㵱в֮ź;ֹᣬԡ
˵ģУҵִֶҼҵĳΪӣܲͷڴָĲʲô²ӣǾֹҲ
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Ӷծģ
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̫̫عֶԹȥĳΪɻ䣬ҲסڹӲĥԹߡ
춼ˣԺƻ
òҶһҲ붯žˮ¶ȴ
ϲɢ˷˳ͷʵûסСǸūǲǴһЩܻСӣ
һ㶣ȻЦá
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Ҹڹ뷿֮£ô
Ϊٴκʣ
ϲԼһõĽ顣һֻ֣òһֻϵָͷ
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ҶҲ̲סſЦᶼˡ
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ϲˣ˵Ϳ𣿿Ϊγϣ
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۵׾Ц⡣
Сƭӣˡ
ˣҷŹ


70 
ߴǰһ,ѡ
Ҷ泺ӭͣһһھ,ȥǳ໹ʣһ
Ů,ıͲ١
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˼,ҶĽҲм,мɵ
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ףϷ˵Һ·˵ңҶˡ
ҺԿһŮ,߼޵ƽ,Ϲάϡ
ҶǵһҶĸˣҶЩнŴŮһذʱʱֱͦ˱
ߺҶ죬˲ʱ˽
ҵĹҵĹ,ʱ͵͵Ҷ泣ֲʱ޵Ŀ⿴ҶáҵĹ,ǰʶԭ
ʱǺεȵԽ,űõһ,Ҳû˿ԭĳ
ĳŶõĹ,ǰǿϵ˾Ȼ˹ĵĸһĴȣͷϵβҡʣƺƵھʿյĿ࿴
Ҷǹģô
漴ɣƫҪھھΪֻܴǷ򸾶˶ߵӣƽȻ˼֡
һͷݡΪλߵĴϷˣ·˵ĸףƷҲƽƽЩ֪ҸƸҵġ
˵ĿԽӣԽǲòЦѣԽǶżӣС˵־ֵ쾡¡
ߣС˵־ҫһôԵԼ
Ǵ󷿶ˣδϯ˵ּˣλүǳϵ˲Ϊ֮ǰϷ̫ѹӣүǰڲ׾
⻰ҶţλүȷʵǸˡ
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ҶЦЦ޴ӷԵԿΪء
֮⣬ġ
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˵ǣŮԵǳ޴ӷ򡣡
Ҷ룬˵⻰пһţֻλ
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71 
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ҪȺӳץնʱԼץΣ
Ҳá
һЩԱ㵽ʱиѡ
Ҷ׼Щһץ,ץĸĸǵĸ,ֲԼᡣ
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72 
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ô˵Һġ,ÿֻпһ,ΪңǶԼ,ǲң
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⻰ƭƭԼࡣ
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䡣
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73 
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ӽ£ӲȱǷԡ
󵽳ñʣСլ˽ϢѰɹ̫ϺҲ˵ͷͷǵ
գνԪڳðլӶһ˾ס¡ǶӣμҲڷּһ˵Ե޹ʺö˶˵İס棬˲²⡣
Ҷ֪飬˷δزС
ǰνԪλ֮Ϊ֮˱ضڽصüƸһð취
νƲˣͲˡϧѺлҶף˵ǻǰԵ
νԪ죬ҪȥһǨ֮ϲ
լĽԺӣͷܣӵ̾űĵʯ˵ǰһλƷԱĸԺλ˵εطһ˶׼Уլӱ˳
νԪЦӭû˵Ϳʼ
Ժӣҵ˽þ⡣պһӦǶҪǵٵÿٺɩˣܲȥڳԵģ
ԶǿԵġ
һǱһϣҪǲۣҶȻͬ⡣
νԪ̾ǵ˽ҲϵլӣٶЩôҲڳǱò
լӵǮڳǱ׶ԺӦࡣ
죬㻹ǲѣڶˣ㾹Ȼ侮ʯ
ҶЦδˣҼҿ˵ûһסԺôҲϧڳǱСġ
ֲһֱһˡνԪš
ƸΪ˳ɼҡ
Ҷû⻰νԪһֻҪԷ֮ڣǾԲ޽μҵġ
˵Żηˡ
η˲ٵĶԵõӦоСһɫʵҲߣȻҶ̸
ռʦɲšμ˶ԪǶӣԪҲǶӡҾһ½ԪСΪǿ壬ĴСͽϰ䡣ȸߣη궼Ҫ۵ýֲòһ˲ǿ׳˭֪
μѵ檣˵˲УһһҲ̫ǶӣﶼûС
ҶҲ֪ôο֪νԪϱӵ£˵һЩ֮࣬˵δ׼֮Ļ
˷ſģж︣
ҲһҪӡ
վûУһҲǲԡ
ηҡͷ̾ϢԭҪҶˡ˭֪ȥԵȥõĽһ
װ
ʱ֪飬ֻμҶѡлңҹﲻϲԼҶӵӡǽԪǰЩ˵֪Ȼ¡
뵽ҶҾʱü죬ʱЩ֪ˣҶұһ֪Ԫ
ʱǲǺţֱ¿˵Ϊ˱ӣǲòͬöӰŻ
˵ʵڻǰҶŵʵǵЩſһ㣬ҶŮп˫̥ĴţټżȰ˵ôҲῴҶҵĶ
Ҷͬ⣬ػϲؽȢţŮ۰˵λ˵ҲСʱСһֱϰǿһͬԪԽԽ䡣
Ҳ֪Ԫһƣܲ
֪ĪĸԪլϳǣҲΪҶҵĶ
أçײἰ˵ЩĻЩ񡣵˳Ҷ泵ĻҶҶֵܡ
˵ѧúܺã̫ҲǱ츳ѣйʦ˼ܿȡ
з˼ԡ
ǽܼǺõģ㸸ĸǳ
ŮȷʵĽҶˡ
ҶЦЦֻһлĻ
˴˶ύȻ̸һ̸ηѴӿĿڵЦҲ˼֡
ϻعŮηû˿ûмһСŮܼ޽ţô㣬Ϊ֮򵥡Լӵһ㣬η˱˸֪̬ȡ¿ԼӣҶϵĵ
νԪҲ˵˵˵˶νԪ͵Ϯ͵ϮɱɱһΣмֲӮݵļơ
η˵Ǽֲ֣Ҷ泵ǣԪֲˡǿŲʮغϡ
һѪҶЩͬνԪ
ǵһοͱ˶֣ǧ࣬ж֮ʱһһʽˮ
νԪ佫֮ӣִСϰ䣬ȻǷ֮ΪֹУǲеҲù񫡣
ηڣҪƼ͵ġƼͲ̫׵ܹ֮ȥ
ţս
ɫһĿá
Ҷ泣
˵£˲˺ơ˺õȷʵţǺͱ˴ţϷźڴ֮Ҳţ

ϳǣȻҪһҡ
νԪլҶֵľ룬˵˵ԶҲԶһ·˼óη˲һദˡ
Ҳ޽ӵ˼ңǿһҲв˵İСμ˶٣ҲûЩ¡νԪƣ»ѵá
ϧһ˵Ʈ졣
νҲǶӣ⵹Щˡ
һۣϷʱ˵طòײν
Ǻöǰ£Ҷ泵ļȻûСηΪѻϵ֪һЩ
μѵǷˮã
Ҷ˿ţһϲ⡣
ҶĸЦǺǵضǿǽһԽԽ⡣һ˫ˣôµĽͯŮ
úÿҲۡ
˵׿˲Ҫ첻ǰ׾࣬ŶѵɥһīɫۣضסŮһ죬Ǻ컨Ҷôÿ
Ҷ泶ԼĸտصĸΣСʱѧãһһտضſٺƤҲᱻһ㡣
вǡ
͵⣬һʱĪЩӡǲᣬֺǲϰߡ˵Ĵ֣Ǵֲмһ¡
ǵҡ


74 
һëˢļ,ӹƽĺ档ʶս·Ҫָо߬סգȻɫ,Ȼļ󲨹ֻԼ֪
ƫǲ֪ߣ֪سۡ
һվſ,˫ˡһ̨ϣǳ¡˭˶Сò֮ɫ,Ϊɾ¡Ҳǻп»,罺ѷ֡
Ҷ͡
,Ʋ籡,·ĳѹֲס,޾еĪе㷢,һƬȡ
Լ˲ͷһأӲûã˵,Ϊνǿһ,١
ⲻӦá
ǰ˲ģںеˡ
Գţһת㿴ҶĸҶЦţҶĸĻϲҶеοʵĺ쳱
ƤˣҲ졣
ǰһΪ,ǲ̫ˣû뵽䵭,ȴһ֪֪ȵġҶĸп»޺ϸ,뵱Һǵ游»ʱ,˵,˵Щ졣
ҶʧЦĸ游֮䣬ߵĹ游
ȫŮڼң˵ȻࡣǱҶϣҶһЩ޼£ԼŪһ
Ҷ泻ңǱ˲ٵĶϵĶȫҶţȡһ׽οյͷҶá
Ҷ΢㶣Ȼƾܡ
㣬ҡҲҪ
ţ֪ۺ졣˰ԵſǼҵЦЦǼ׼ĺױǿǰ˶ס˵죬㶨Ҫ˿ġ
ΪǹĶҶ泽ԼǮģĴţպԼļױ
ԼǮ
Ǯ
ûߣĽ
ҶָһţҿһƷھٺġ
ʢһƷھͬڹˣٺ⻹й׺ļͣһнǧӡڹԴöȫԼġͺñȸ˴򹤰סԼĹȫһĴˣԼԳ֮Ϊϻˡ
ͷõĽǵҹѯ֮ѯѣԼһЩﲻҪڵľͼױʯͷǽͷҲڻ¡
պԺ㲻߼ޣ޵˼ҲױʲôӦ׼ֽͷ˹ȥҶûǲա
ŴլҪ㣬㻹Լš
ǵĸ»õŴ𣿡
˲ӵɫ£кã
Ҷĸ˻ҶŰѶˡСϻӣ۵׵ϲƭˡҶҲҶôͣǺõĶԭԭļ£״óȥΣҶʲôûС˫ãҶǴԭľ¡
Ҷ泿žϲ͸żɬãĪЩͷᡣ֪ΪͻȻ뵽νԪǶԷûǼжá
õһֱǹţϴμ֮Ϊġӽ֪же˱Ȼǲġ
ǰᵽһλ佫Ҷ泴Ѱһһĺٰ˼һ档
ţҶ˵һ£ҲǹҶõġ
˼ҵλӣæ֪ɻǵã
еӡƺ͡
䣬ӲͣԳ֮ΪӢ
Ҷ͵ͷԣǸӻõġ
˺Ҷͬţ󻧣˵»ǸˡҶϵ˼ҶҲͬģ֮һֱûиһػҶ泺˼
Ҷû̫ĹأҲûбҶáҶϻӵֽ˽ɫԲ԰ס
ҲӣӡΣҶʡ
Ҷõͷҡûϸ
ҶЦɲ㡣鿪ʣõⲻ˵ӡ
Ҷ泺Ҷһ̥˫˫ͨ޷ġĸ˵Ǻߣȴô롣
һõ֣ǲԸ⣬ǿԼ
Ҷԣ𾪡
ﲻԸ
ҶõҡûвԸ⡣
ҶĸһüŮһִģЩҲǵʲôﲻ˵ˡԸԸ⣬ԸǲԸ⣬Ϊ£
ӣ
Ҷûлشͷø͡
֣Ҷ泻ʲô׵ġﲻǲԸ⣬ҲûкԸ⡣Ǿ²Ҳܾɡ
ѵ˱˼
ҶĸüͷøŮӣǲ̫ӡӳҲãϲҲܱźӼ޹ȥ
һ۶ϱҶɫޱȾᡣ
ҶСҳѭ浸֮ˡЩҶڹˣҶĸţʱסˡ
£ʹԼģ
òףҲãﲻ⣿
ϲһֲΪϲļ飬ϲһҲΪϲļϲˡ
ŮĻҶԽˡ
ǲϲӱˣ
Ϊʲô
òףҲãΪʲôϲ
ҶҲ⣬ƽֺ˵Ļһϲˡǡ
ϲˣ
Ҷͷˣˡ
ˡ
Ҷ泻Ȼ벻Ҳϲˡ
ҶĸҶϽǴһնڼٳţһֱƤӵ£ʱϲӣ
û£ϲǺ£ֻҪƷԶɡ
һˡ
ġ
ҶɵӲΪһǺ˾ϲ˰ɣ
˭أ
΢ʾúԼȥ
ҶĸҶ֪ǽл˵Щﲻڳǰ͸ڷ磬϶Ը˵
ҶûǸ˭˵ǰμ˵һ¡
֪ģ֪ΪתͷлҶףΪȥԣǴ֮ࡣǼ޽μңסˣĸδˣĸ׼ǻϲҲͬ⡣֪Ϊβͬ⣿ҲǶδпҲǶμʲôɻ䣬Ϊҵ㣬¡
㣬ҡ֪ҡδ˰壬δء
ҳʱҲҹδȥҹռʦʦǿ֮
ҶɫףѾѪɫ
ԭ
ΪǼ˾μŵ̫ߣ޹ȥֱͦ
Ҷķ¶ûԼҪ¾һˣûеɵĵزж֮࣬һϲˡ
ʱԶϲ˵ʲôүˣҶЩ𣬸Ͻȥϲʡ
˭ˣ
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ҶĸҲ˳ûƷˣʲôְλ
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ҶϲҶĸ˫ֺʮлϲԡ
Ҷ泺ҶһۣһĻϲ׺ЩûһˣһֱӼơ
һεļˣҪôǴӱ𴦵ΣҪô˾ҵôҲΪةҶԾΡ
Ӽ˶˵ҶմλŮĹ⡣Ϊеˣ޵˾ҵˡ
˱Ϊϼ˺λûԼġǰã£Ҷ˵ԼΪ֮󣬱ؼҶ˾ҵ˭֪Ҷ죬ıǰͷɫ콻ӣжΡ
ҶʱͬΧţЩϲ͹ά֮ʡͻȻĿԽˣֱֱˡ
Ŀǫͣȴһ顣
λҶˣǰСˡ
ӲͷƤǰһϲ
Ҷһ˵һԺ󻹵֮Ŀ׻⻰ǹǻ˵ĶȴǼܡ
ŮλˣҲûš
ǰ˵ҿӵңҲ˰ص˵ǿŮķҡûҾһӿŮˡûҵӣҲܰ⡣ҵŮҲͦ˵Щɲض˵ֱ˵ǡ
˽Ծһʱž
ȷӦһҶı
Ҷ˵üǣ˵ҲһӿŮˡ
Ц˵Цˡ
ҶȻҪģ
ֵʱҶӵųȥ
ǰܴ˵ȴ˺棬мҲ棬Ҷĺ˵Լ֮ǰһֱҶʾá
һ˸ճ˹Ӽ࣬ԶԶһ˫ǽڷĴƿ¶˫Ĳա
˾Ȼ¿
ֱҶ˻ͣԭؾþûز
˰ԾԼպĪ¶֮ɫҪҶ˴ùϵҶһλԹŮǼҲ޼¡
ʱͣҶլ⣬ԶԶĻЦ
ҶҶֵѷѧңʱҶҶǹŵظ̾СˣҶֱЦ
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Ҷһ·Ů̸ǳŸְ˿ȥ緢ǰʱζ벻н졣
һϲջ졣
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ҶҵķˣȻݻʤڼҳҿζ
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Ƶ֣벻עⶼѡ
˿ŲۣȴĸֺòˣҪҪùһӣŵ
Сڹﳤ󣬴δԹСˡ
ҶĸҶ϶ʱģŵؿǿԸǵ£ֻӹҲס
˵עĿ¶˿ӣŵС
ҶЦеؿζΣ
һζ
ҶĸģЦüۡ˭˵ģŮȻЩĵǸġ
Ǹиġ
ʱɫѺڡ
Ҷլĵͨǰ·
һ˳Ҷ泵Ҷ˵ŻҶòʱͷѾ˵ˣҶõ鲻ַϲǽ˼̸ˡֻϧδôõˣȻô
Ҷǲô㣬Ҷ泵ϲϷˡСʹˣվһĺӡ
Ҷ泺СĹԣ㡣
˵С˶ָ
˹Ҷںߺߴߴ
ԺСŮ档
Ҷ泶ˣСŮ
ҶָָĶӣСŮڴĶ
ͷ˿һ
ۣԺСŮ档
СҶĻġ
ӣ¾졣
һ磬
ϲͷʱгɷ۾¶һ˿ϲ̧ӾѾͷһ
һ컹û꣬˵̫硣
ȰȣȵϨƾޣĻûҶԼڴʱſڶԷҧ˶䡣
ٶ˯
ȱţϰ§ţֻίʵЩϢ˺üȻı䣬ĥҧˣʼٸ߻ء
ڶ죬»û
죬Ծˡ
졭
죬Ŵš
ûֵŴ򿴵֮϶ʵвû֮ɫеֻͨ͸ǡ
Ҷ泾ϡ
Ŵָ֮һϲ
˲䣬ʲô
ҶʶȥúĿײһ
Ҫĸˣ


75 
Ŀ,һԨһ׵ϲɫҶ泡֮ˮǧɽ·ڴ˿ꡣ
ҶͻȻˡ
һʼֻ뱣,øҵͬʱȻʱԼԭ,ȴҲϦԼ˴˼ˣż֮С
Ĺ⾰,Ǿࡣ
Խ,Ů
ĶĹѾļ䡣紺ش︴,֮ǻϲֻϲʤһеĿ,ֱЩϲ
Ŵ,ϸϸһЩעˡǰΪ̥,ܳԶپͳԶ١Ϊ̥ԲҲҪһЩΪ̥ٳԶදΪˡʵڲ,ð̥ҩ
Ҷ泶Դ˺ͬ,кȷʵӦÿʳҶ˶
ϲŴδƴֱ£ֵ˹ϲӽͳȥתʱɫ˽
УЩӦƽΪСĽ˵,ǷҲ٣עһܵġ
ɫ,ֻҶ泺򸾡
Ҷ泶ԼĶҿ,п֮档һ̧ͷ,ȴһڿʱЩĪ,˾Ȼܾ飿
ΪΣ
ѵ
ˡ
ɵ˭
߽˹
㿴Σ
Ҷ泶ˣȡһѵӲҪٽ׼ȡһѱáһӶѣõЩ֡
ŹֵؿָǸ֣ס
ף
һ֣Щɵۣˮ
ְ̧Ķͷ΢Ҳհô뵽ӡˮϸȡ֣Ī߻ħˣħΪɳյģûȡħϵġ
أָ֡
ꡣ
½ꣿ
񻹴պϡ
۲ء
շѿѣ볤ɻкüء
üô֪ܲһˣûмҲ֪Ůȴġԭô֪ģǰĽԪΪִȢӡ
ǰŮӣԼǰһ졣
һ޲ͬҹǿտžͽԪڿһ˵ĹǰԽҹԽ
죬㵱治ϲŮ𣿡

Щ겻Ȥ𣿡
δ
㿴ÿǾͺˡǲȢȢסͷһ·ͬеĻҡעǹ¶ϵѵıүͷ𣿡
Ҳүǵõʱ̧ͷһʣĻһƬԼɼơ
ԪͻȻүۣΪеȴϹƫġҲһָˣ±Ӹһ޺õĲ
±ӣ
˻һ±ӡ
Ҳ벻һȻصʮǰ˵첹±ӣһҪ޺á
ôԪأ

ҶñӵڿԺס¡
ԺΪӭ;ӣҶ˴ɨˡһӦþ߱춼µģԺﻹһԵĻݡ
һԺҲҶլҪ
ҶٳͣỹҪסϼաʮСҲڲزס۵׵Ļϲ
һԵĻݣǿֿ
㣬ԺӾסһ𣿡
Ȼ
Ҳ̫ˡ
ԭҶ泴ĸ˹СסģҶĸϣ˵˲ȥӡʵҶ֪ĸ˵лﲻһ֮Сס˵ùȥסᱻ˵ġ
Ҷֲֻա
׵󣬽׼ȥԺ
ҶǿͣţӦҪȥĳ밲
ԺӣҶҲǵڶ⴦ԺԺģɽʯСˮľҲͬҰ
ӣöûж
﹧˳ǳţһѾͷ޶ûΪΨһѳҲûΪߵĹϵҶ׽
һŮӣûйԡ
Ҷ֪ôˣҲǵһμ
ѩĸᡣ
ǲǺѩﳤú񣿡
ģǸ˳ˣѩ
ͷȥƺԭĿǡһĨŶֲʧ飬۵Ļȴּޱȡ
ŲԵŮõ˵ϿɺѡȫǣҲȫ˳
Ľá
һ¶ţǶԺĵؽ硣
Ҷӽ
ڰ˽ͤЪϢҲüŻȥʱ죬ͷȻЩŨҡͤз紩ˮȱСȥڴ̵Ҷ䡣ˮӳˮ续
Ҷһʱʳι㣬úԼһ
ԶԶ̺һ˫һŨһʣع١ڼòŮӣҲԲλ֮С
˽ӣĿɬ
Ǻ
Ҳ֪˵Ҷ泻˵Ҷá
Ƶҿȥעǡ˵ٴΣĪҪе˼ʲôӣֲǲ֪
ֻǡҧŴûԵ˼ǾҶҵŮӶá
ƷԣȻܼ޽ҶҵλһĽ㣬պҲһ׮Ե
Ƶͷһ𳤴󣬷˼˱
֪Ľ˵Ů򲻵ѣĪΪ檡Щȥ˿ߣǻὫͳȥ
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һֵΣǴں˵ҪȥԶĵط˵ԺĻϡͿȴ˵ѹ
ε˴㣬˵Ļ
ԭεˡҶЦţȴһݡ
ǸˣӦԭ
ʵղҲһΣһλԼһģһŮӣŮӴһ£һڰȥ
УҲֵ壬ԭ
κԭһҲԽԽԶۿžҪʧںڰ֮УȴȻͷЦ
ҶֲĺӣôܱŴޱӡ
һĻ
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ӣˮһ両һ֮ҶѾ֪㻳е£ϲֺ֮Լ˴Ϣ
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Ҷһ֪λᵽˡ
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һʮѧʿӦ׮Ϊ̥ҳΪһ˶ߣ֮һĲ軨׳ࡣ
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ҽνԪţһļ硣ܹ裬βסĿġ
Ҷ֪࿴ǻˡ
νԪһǰԺţҶõķȥӭ;ӣҶ泺ԼԷ
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ɱһжǴɣ䷹ɺһִɶʶмӣ
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µģǴװͿʲôνԪֶβ֮¡͸¶һ˿νԪ֪¡
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ɻˮʡ
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Ǿͺá
ã
ҶﶼһҲáΪˮ,˾ܺεȥԼĺֵܡ
ֵˮ,ԪҲᣬǶҾȡ
һҲȡ
˵,һҶ泵ķ
Ҷе,㶵ؿôǵĻش,ķ顣һ,ʵ̫ˡ
ĻϨȡ֮Щѣ𣿹ֲϱһֱ,ƾʵ
׼˵ʲôʱ,˵
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Ҷ泿翴ϡ档
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Ķ죬ڹˮˡ˵⻰ʱ,һǺ䡣ʱСȴѼ¡ǵԼǱ,ָˡǵ,˾һŭ֮ɱ˺ܶˡ
ηˮ,֪˼١
ƽ,Ҷ˾Ķǡǰֻ֪Ļǳףû뵽һûвҲΣķ
Խʣˮ˭Ǵʱȴ׷ʡԺиһ棬СˮôĿ־ô
ôܲˮ
ϵĿϷû˾
˽Ե¿Ϊӣм֪֮µɱءɱǺˣ޷Ϊʶ֡
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һνԪһҶá
Ҷ÷Ҳ֪ôģȻž͵ǰԺǡνԪԭҪܿģνԪͻȻڽס
ʹͣ£νԪԼǸΪһ¡ӵػشûϵȴû뿪
СҸΪǿԡϰ䡣ҼǵǰĺΪԽϰʱԽ
δҲСǻɡҶСЩ죬ĵԭλδ˺ԼһҲΪϰ䡣ǵԼСʱǴѩ꣬ҪԺϰ䡣˵䲻ϰ䣬Ҳӱܵ˼
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Ҷò֪뵽ʲô
ҶԶԶǣԸӡ
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ⲻԭҲĴ㡣ֵ˭˭Ȼǳ£Ǿҵ¡ģһ׵
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Ҷ泱⻰ҭܣϲ²¡
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78 
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СƭӣԽԽˡ


80 
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ӵһ£ɴ֮Ĺɡ˵ǹӵضί񣬼ֱǶʳ
˿ףŮ֮΢еģ⿤λҲֲ
ȷʵǴʵ
ǰȢ˼±ض࿴þһĹŮֶԵõһԵС֮Ů
ֱԣԽ洫ŵǰ㲻
ĪԷƱͿǱ´ͻ顣
һ´ͻ飬˵ࡣ
ʹ˵ʡģĸһӦϸλĸ𾴡ǲܵԼӪ͸ˡ
Ҷ泷˵ʵҴšǰ֮ͥ±ñ֪жںں֮еߡ
ȻԭֻԼ֪
ҲԼҲʹ졣˵治Ļ̫Сݲ̫¡ϲϲ򵥸ɾϲǲһЩ۵ˣԸʲôҪҲԼ
ĵ⻰ԽϤˡ
ʱ֪¹ϵ£˵ͬĻ˵ܺͱ˹ãһһˢϲ˾ˣԸҲԸá
֪⻰Ǵȥ˻ָ𣿡
ǰҲ˵ҵĻҷֺҶԲ·˶ѣΪǶǲɵ
˺Щ˵ͣûΪʥˣ㲻Ҫõ˵ϲȻעһ˼˰ػʹ졣
ͳȻô
㣬֪ʲôˢ
Ӧˢӡ
˵ɴۣʱҲʹˢʲô˵ˢӣ˵ˢǸΪеĽз
˼ڳˣıԲӡһγϷԼ֮Լʶȱ˶࣬Ϊﵽɾסĵطɵ㻯
ʱΪ˵Цȴظ֮أгһջҲд
ϻۣǰʱһνˢ˵ˢ˵зΪС
ҶЦЦбѰŮӣˢǱˢ˳ࡣ
ҲЦˣ˵಻Ӧ࣬ӦýС
˪߻Ʒ
½ľˣԭ˵Ķġ
ν֮أ
˲
ԿҲ֮
ǷҲ֪£ԲŻἱŸͻ飿֪°ؿ򲻻Ầġ
ӻڣӦҲϲĶϱ
վҶһ񡣡պвǲĪвӡ
Ҷ泸Ͻһѡ
أҶΪ˿ãҺã˵ǲǣ

˴ĳĬ
Ҷ泶⣬Ȼ֪˺ģԵֻһˡԸýˣҲԸŽ˵ƷԸһԼҲĵˡ
շˣļƻ֮ڡ˳ȴԤ֮⡣øлǸ˳¸һԱ󽫡ᰵʹҲֹ˰ŷĽ˼ʵ⣬ϣԺ׽˵һƬġ
Ȼ֪ѡԼж˸Ϊͳµûλδı̥Ϊһ̥ߣϻ֮С֡Ȼߵ͸¶ˢͻƷƽжкĺۼ
ôԲģ
ֲܸԼǴӺģԴŵ˵Ӧ֮ܵ˵㻯һ֣ӦðҲɺͳһˡ
߽˲ãô˵Ϸ¡ü̫̫Ҫʲô
һţһӺͣڹ档׼֮ʱĽӵˡ̫̫ȷʵ£ȻҲл
һϣǿ˵
¿ӣҲ˸ֱգõͨһͭӶ
Ⱥѥ˲䵽ǰʿˮ
ȿ泤
Ȼ֪ڿԼ۷ޱȡ
ʳɫҲǰӲ֪ŮҲˡʱޱԼһƤңСǲ࿴Լһۡ
Ŀ⽻㣬һ˵ת
ÿ
ԣգۡ
һ£û졣
⡭ѧ˰
УҹҲ˴Ǳ졣ճУȴʱʱõ
󷴱ãûϢһþϹ
˲عȥһﲨ
ѽ
˭˭

鹸һԵԽصĵ޴ڡҫƺûԶȥѾࡣЩĸҲǱζҡ
̨̤ʱͥ·˲ҫȰ겻ĴţҲǶһ⡣
ȥ·ڻȴ¹
¹лҪ˵ҶʶȤһ
ϸվҶ֮Ͻӭȥʱ˵һҲ档
ҶȻСĵż
Ϸ̫ʦϣɫŻƺЩЦ⡣ڿҶ泵һ̣ϵЦʱûˣڳһ·˰ӡ
⼸·ûֺ̫̫̫̫ƺֱȥһЩ
ˡ·һ޽ٵģׯɡҺĸ˵㣬ȵ޽ҪúദǵɩģȻᴦ㡣ʲôģ̡
˻û޽ѹһͷҶ泿ɲ·ë
ƣ߶֮䲻߶֮õĵطֶϱȻҪѧõĵطֶϱЧ¡
·˻ôᣬųµΡ⺢˵ʲôвõĵط
Բӣνˣм˸˵ԼƾˣЩʿȻƿԡ
·ɫδ䣬޸пضϷ˵ĸ⻰˵úʲôƵġǴ˳ȥ˻¼ҶͿʲô
ϷݵؿһҶ泣Ƥ˵ҪעЩ
ҶǹȥȻϷ˰ż磬ĸֲǲ֪ϱӣϱֱڿ졣һ˵ҴɩﲻýӹۣϱȷʵúһɩǱۣúұɩ˵ǹҴϱɩô룿
·˲ÿѹһͷƫԸˡ
Ҵǹ룬ɵӶ֪˭Ϸɫ΢֪˭¡
Ҷ泻ڻϽͣ˵ƺҪôۣ
ǲЩƺģ·ԽԽҪΪɩӦȻһɩ
Ҷɩӣ˭Ҳ˭һͷ
硣·ҲۣΪôҲӮΪ죬Ϊ·˲ܸԼ¡
Ҷȴ׷ŹĲˡôܰļɻ䶼ˣԣʱ¹ʵĿ
Ϸб·һۣϽЩӷСڶӺӵҲ˺
·ֵܸܲĿ⣬ϴ
Ƕϱ˼ǲܡ
˶˵εͻݣû뵽Ҳ˼ǲܵʱ򡣵ȢʱͷһغͿҼҿôֲãҪȡž˳Ҽҿȡġϲ˵Ȼǲ̫ʹ죬ȻЩǹҲһ겻һꡣ
¹һ겻һʵԭȻ
ҶǺߵģ·˸Ůȡʱδزǹ⡣
Ϸ˻ɵؿ·ˣ۵׵˼֡
˵ºܿٶģҪȢϽţٶҲҲٶԶ
ϱȢòá
ԼĹһ˼ϱ뵽ʱ֪ٶͳãŸָͷֺԽò̫̹˾֣ϲҲƲͷϡοϵĳܼ޽Ǹʣָ͵֡
ЩһϲĳˣƱҪӹ˿ҵһ˵ɡ
·æΪԼ磬ĸˣֿѡġ˵¼ҵ飬Ψֲϡ
ʵʱ͵Ϸǰкü֣·һ԰ʾϷѡ֡
ϷɫѿõصҶһۡ
ôô£
Ҷһ޹ϱҲһ˵ǰͷһҪһô˿ɲֹһ
֣ͬ˼ҲȫͬǽҿһӶ벻㡣·˵
ԭô⡣
װʲôװһ벻
ĸҲˡϱͿ֮ĳƺǲӦø⣿
Ϸ˺ߺţܲˡ
Ȼڹɩ˹ɩ
ȥģϱ½лˡȻþưɣΪҳΪƽƷҲ൱˳ƺӦʡ
һһ˭Ҳռ˭ıˡ
Ϸ룬ͷˡ
˰ɡ
ҶЦĸӢ
Ƥ
ϱĸӢҲҪϱĺòҡĸϱϱ˰ɡϱѹĵġϱܣǿţĸҲҪҡ
һ˵ţϵĶȴǲͣ
Ϸ˱üΪ۵㣬㣬ĸۡ
·˿һһȥ
ʱ¹滹֮͢
Ȼѵ룬ȻҪ˵¡
Ϸ˽ȫ֮͢Ļ¡
͢²ϡҶףҵ˼ǽǰҲٶȼ¡
Ҷ泴ǰ˵ԸִٳסΪʱǰڣѵȲˣ
¿˼ˣ


81 
,һ¸У¸µסʱȥǱ飬ȡһӡ
Ϸһ˲ŵĴ,۵ȫο
֮͢ʱС,һֱšǸиģðװ֡ȫǻ,ԳȷʵΪء
Ϊ˶Ŀ,ϹԵ١ԭʱ˵ǰɡĳϾȻˤһ,ǰһ֮͢ˤ,Ϊð밲ʱ֮ΪŮ,۰ԹĻûС
ʱҲҪٲ,͢ȵǳ֮λǱ˵ˡԵʱ֮࣬ʵЩҡ
ʹǱ߿һ,,ԭӦǴӡⶼɲˡ
֪ôͲӦü
ǴӣСӡ
ǸŮ𾴣Ҳϲƫ͢ôˣԼտŵĺ,Щôˣ
СڹбŻšĶ˭ĽҪʲô,һͱȱ˴
˽ġ
ô,͢
ʱ˽
˵һ,ʧԡ
һҾĬ,˶
ڨڨĪ顣
Ҷ泡վĸ˼ǴʱСҼҿӦ̥ﳤúá𣿡
Ϸ˱˼ͺ졣
첻ߵģ
ʲôд⣿
ôģҶΪߵӣ̫̫ƫҲƫ̫ˡ֮͢ΪʲôôСҲ֪·Ϸ㣬⽫̥ôС
˵ҲʵӦҲ²һ˶֪Ϊ󣬱ּ令̣˸۶ѡ
һǰһһһа˽ͬΪԼӣҲҪȣҲҪòƽ
ҶҲ֪ôģȻе֮ۡԻӣΪСʱȱ
ǰϱֻĸ۰СҲǿ䣬ϲ׽ԿҪһЩû뵽ôƫģ̫ϱʧˡ
Тģô˵ģ˵˲Ǹ˼ֻ硭
۴粻ۿҲӣһͳ׳ʵӦø˲ǡСʧѣӦøһЩ⻹ĸأϱûĸĸôƫĵģ
Ϸֱ˵ʲôɲԼ˽ģȷʵϣӸá
¹üõؿҶ泡
ֻǴ󲮺ֶϱ˵ʲôתͷһƽǸҶϣʱüͷø
·Ǳˣһ仰Ҳ˵
֮͢𺣬һЩͱġҶϺ֪ϱҺĸСеģǲء
һܿԵ˿ϡ
ͻȻһ䵶ӵں󱳡
ûͷҲ֪˭ڿԼ
õܴѹԼһͷֻ֪¼ҶԶм֪¼ĵϵС
Ӳм߿ƾһ;ҲûпȡκιԭݣıһĲ¡ĳ븸׶겻£ҺԼıĲ¶̫롣һֱţ˵Ч¸һѧϰʵǲЩ̫õĲ£ʧԼ
СԶõܵĹ⻷֮¡Եͻּ֪޸õܵҶòĴʱֱЦ
ҶϵĳȫܺᲢۣõΣȢϣõǱ´ͻ飬վʤ˲ֹһǰ㡣
Ҷϣдҹֶׯ
õܾȻţǺЦ
ҶʱͻȻĨ
ĸôƫģϱϱֻҼҿãϱźáϱֺĸТ˳ĸΪǿĸϲϱҲҪˣҲҪТ˳ˣ
Ϸһļ䣬ҪˡӺӻڣôң
ָҶ泣ϰ˵һ֡
Ҷ泿ǰ˳
ĸкãۿۿһ֣ϱͶ֡ۿԽ࣬ϱԺԽТ˳
ϷƲַֻõû¾Ϸ˳˳ˣĻûɢϷ˰ҶôӵģҶ˵˭
㻹ҵĲǣ
ϱǿƫġǰƫÿѩǻ˵Ͼѩɿǵճһǳ֮ӣµ׵ϱͲˣǳѪͳ߹һ̳Ϊʲôϲ
ʲôʱ˵ϲϷ⻰ǺġҪҶϸˡ
Ҷԣϲ״
ԭĸϲ̫ˡ
Ϸ˺ߺţӲǱӡ
Ǻ˵Сİд˲ᡣҪĸ۰ƽЩ޹ؽҪĶ˻ΪƽΪȡĸоδй
ѻ˵ˣٵҲ档
Сƭ˵ЩǷҲˣ
ҶУӡ
Ϊʲô˿
ôĪЩߡ
赵ӣ絶ȻòƷˡȻúÿôÿ֪ǸɷǸǲסķ绪
Щ
ĶĻ治ʱ
Ķ

ɡ
µĳ˳úÿЩǮЩ
ˡ
Ҫ
ʱ¹üͷѾšһ֣˭Ҳ֪ʲô
֮͢ԽмҶϺúõķʲôˣô˵ҲӶˡ߹ΣǺͷһɫԡ
ǼǵҶǰʲôУһǰŪɫŮӣǼ俴ϵġĸͼŮӻԵǰǿΪѵҶϡ
ĳôһɫȻõܵǱɫͷ
ҶҲ֪ǷΪ׵Եʣȥȴǰ˲ٵζԭֻǺÿĻմ¶ˮ˿ڸ
أ
ͻȻָоȫֱͦ˱
ΣȢһŮˣעҪһȡ
ٸҿҾӡ
ɭģһü
һͷ˲һ亹
ɷ񣬾Ȼҡ
ҶѾջ˼װϲӸϷ˵裬̬ޱȵڡϱ֪ĸõĸԺϱТ˳ԿԽãϱԽТ
Ϸ˵˭ϡТ˳ȴǶֺüΪá
һߣֿ̫̫ʼӶϸҶ泵ĻˣϸЩֱӵĻ
Ҷϣǲܸ㿴ղ˼ҵĵĸûۿҿĸ˱Ҫȥá
ϸȻǼ˵ϷСŸ˵ЩϷǰʲô˵ʲôӦｫϷ˵ԼĸŻˡ
ϷһҲǡ
ˣҪװһװҶװװֱֱܻ䣬ǰԼ˵׵ĸ
룬ǾҶ˳ࡣ
ߣЩۣҲڸɳ¡ˣֱЩҲʲô£ûʲôۡ
ܱЩװ磬ʵĻˡ
뵽⣬ɫ
ԸϺȫǿ͢ϡţҪϵȨϡ

¹һںҶǰųãܿһ˷ֳ·¹һ··˺֮͢һ·
Ҷ泺ߣ˽нԶ
ʱҶǱ߿ȥ
һǰŵ·¹ں档ǱӰΪݣҹɫŲУȴҲܸܵԷĹִ
㲻𣿡ͻȻʡ
ָ¹
δб仯һۡ
ôµģ
δ֪϶һӸΪϷˣȻҲ¹ʮ֮ãԴֻһ޸Ϊ㡣
ܣ
ֻ鰮̸ͦҲڳ׵ϣ·ӦһЩֽţȻӦ֮͢ǰ档
·ܵߵڰףߵĳλõȻҲ緢ΪԼĶһճ֡
ѣ⡣
ĸײ⣬Ҳ⡣
¼ҵճͷϡ
ˣЩ˵޷֡С½ȥƫ۵̫̫ǰǱ˾ˣôҲҪ֮͢ġǸ֮͢һٵúܣʲôǫʲôƽ׽ˣȫװġ
Ҷ泵ļоͲֹһμ֮͢Сˣ֪֮͢ǸзѾͷһͨ
ԭƺҲ֮͢ǰ¶Է׾ܹӣԭϲᣬ»ᷢʲô
ɲһƲ磬֪ǳ׺ӡ
ʵƿǿĻţ߹ֲҵĶϱ֮ײʲôĻأ
ڴѽ
ô뿴֣
԰Ҷһ˫ˮǴ֮վֿɿǲźء
ԣ۵װ⻮


82 
͹֮,ڶеļաҶϢζüλڼһмȲ
֮͢Ǹ˳һ֮,Ŀȡ֮˼ż޹,ѵǲӣ
ϴڻԷ£ۡ
˵Ҳ,ǣ,Էҵһֶӡ˵˶Դ˼Ϊ⣬ûҫ

ǲġ
Ҳ֪ûкϷơ
Ҷ,ڴ
,˱Щ,ڷӦ
Ҳٵĺô,徲ûʲô¡ǹǸ򣬵ϱȻǱһЩԼûгҪ밲,Ҳû岮沵Ҫ
,նԷ֮ĵڶ죬ѱͳ˹һӦνϢδκβ
жڣЩ
ǡʱׯ˶µʹҰζ߲˸ɻ˺ü󳵡,һһݣһ͵ƽ,һȥҶ,һȥ˹
һôĴ,ôĴ,ҹԼıѣһӦƱá
ʵĹٶȳǰΪϲǺ쵽ڵӣҡһſˮģʢڰɵĹУ˴ѡ
ⶫô棬бʳҲաµİƳɽʱӣұҡźţԼУʱǲܶԡ
ʹ޼ɣԵõҲ㡣
ڴǰһûһڵسӣʱ·ˡûеӣǰԺƫ
ɷʵ̫أƺЩܻ䡣
Ҳá
һ·һš
ϣͷȻ顣
ĿĹε۾ۣ֮һƬ׳㡣һ·ȥɱӻЩľʮ֦꣬ҶïڻƻɡڵӳҡҷӰӡ
νǰ˳ֱˡ
λԽͬʵţǸдǻ۵ġ
ϧ갮鳤ܱ˽˵ñ˶ƽ˻ңֻǾ̺ĻݱˡʧԭζҲа֮ܲƺѡ
ʱĳӦӦġ
ӦˣʱڻׯغȲˡɫ·ҩķõͷװΣͨĹɣŲʧ
ƾһ֮Ե·˸˵ӡ󼫺áЦˣºͣĿʼմǡôϡ
һˣҶ泲˿ķɡ
׼󣬱˴
Ҷλ·ڿλ
ƫĽǶűеˡùһɽͼТľʾ֮ҲһͬĶԣӦÿ궼ˢˮ֮ʡ
˷ϲ¾ˬ·ɫǰЩӺһЩĿºʡ˴ŲԵ£ġ
ЩɸӱɣҪһˡɼӹһüãȻҲһֱ⡣ԽദԽ˾ϸ˼֡
ȵ죬ͷһˣֶϱǹⲻȥ
޷ģѵģһҲӦá
ۿŴڼָæ´ʲô£ɸӹǣʡôô±عף˻ֶϱĲ¡
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ͳƫӭˡ˵ҪҶ飬˫Ŀ⵭ɨ·ˡ
δҲδкν
·˵˰㻽һùá
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·ùãҿɲҵ̫ѹȥ·ʹ˼ԲãǺǰһݡ
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µǻɳ̫ܱºͳ𾴡̫ĹϵҵĵŮǳнĻᡣ
Ͼ֮һ
ʱ⣬ҲʮʶȤ֪񣬳Ϊ̫ĹϵҲĳ볤ﱸżʱ˺
֮ڳǰʹ顣˵ԼҲǱƣ˵Լܣ˵뻵˱˵Ե˵ԼСһֱų¹ѹû¡˵ֻҪһ仰ԸΪᡣ
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һ֣·ĪҪҳС£¹ЩҲûúý㡣
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Ҷüôó¼Ǳöһ׬뷨ƴӡһʮˣӻڲͣ
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˱ǲ¼ҾӣֿݲÿڡԷ죬ǰͷ硣
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˼Ǿһ
ȥԽ࣬ĺӵеľԽ١¼˵ķϾ׶׳ʱһ¼˲иж֮ģֻὫһΪȻܸǧáһĺӲ縸ܸɣ޷¼˵ʱ̯ȫӵĹ
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ϧгмɻ䣬Ҷûа취ʩչ˼ơοЩʩչ˼Ƶˡ
̵գԧϷˮϲͷԽۡ
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Ҷſˮչȥϡһڡﲻ޵룬뷲ӣҲԼֿɵõɫ
ɫҲ˳½˹ҲҪΪԼĺӴ㽫ɱδʰ֮ǰ
˵һ̥Ů
Ůɡ
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˵ӵ۾飬СĲ˵ǸŮӦǸŮûŮãŮСް¹СްļױôܲŬ
ĸ˵ɫĳ࣬Ӧʮ˸ΪΣ
ɡ
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ʱ۵׻Ц⣬Ц䵭һƬ䡣
һ䣬Ҷ͸оˡ
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ϳʹ·ǣʳһ㡣֮дѹ֣ƺ̵ĲͿߡ

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ŭˡ
׼ҧȥʱϵѹȸһɣоҲҧˡʹ֮ʱͳһһֵعС
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83 
˭
˭
ÿүͳ֮ӡµµһ˾˾µɷ,Щȫš
Ҳã
ᡣ
ǻӵλߣºԸ˭˭ҵĸ˻С
ôʲô
Ҷ˲,ķӦ졣ҷҺӵĸ,Ҳǰ˵ЩҿɲΪԼΪǵĺӡ˵ĸӵǻǮ,Ĳҵ,ʱȴǺһҪˣ,𣿡
һҵķ,Һӵĸ,ɢĺ,ֻŨī䡣
֪ɷ򣬺ܺá
Щ֮ǰδ
֪¼˵ı,ҲûᡣǮƽ,ȥӣҲûʲôá
һһжһˡ
ȻСϲЩȷʵٰ׸ˡ
Ҷ⻰,·һۡµҲûгԹ֪࣬ûǮζ,ԲŻӽǮ
ǻͶ̥,һ͸߸,ƶũ,С͹ʳ²ӣ˵˵óĻ
ǰ⣬Ϊһ˳ԱȫůӵˣܿͻԼĵһӣܲҺͺԺӰɣ
ӲڣҶǹ˵ÿš
۵Ѿڳһһ󣬲ݽӻХͬѹ
ϢĹƽ糣
Ժǰлֱ˵
˵ˣ
Ҷ泰ĥҲлֱ˵ô˵ʲôĿ𣿳¼ҿǳͱµңԸų¼ˣ˵ֲһϱָֻš
ҡĿ𣿡
Ҫװһµģһ̽ء
㲻˵Ůƽ𣿡
Ҷԣһ˿죬Ȼһ˵ͻȻͷܵңӶܵҪȴֿ޳ڡ
ԴԽŬԼ䣬Ӧ淨ʱ˹ȥڵӡΪһܹȥֱ׳
Ļ㹻
Ϸ㹻㹻ͬվķ羰ǰȴ޷ݣΨһľ̾̾ϲ֮档
û˵ţϸֱۻĲӡôңΪġ
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㲻ң
ſҲ񷨡
󻷾ˣ˲ж١
ԡ
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Ҷ泽һЦ§ףֱϺˮ٣˵Ļѵá
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Ҷ˫ᵽ̧ۼ뼫˯ȥɫСΪԺ˯ԵԽ΢ཱུĺ촽ƺЦ
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Сƭӻ

µҶ泺ͽϸģͬȵνء֮ǰȣ򲻵ţ֮һë
֪񵥲һ͵¼ʱ¼ж𾪡ѱθڣӹǵһΪӦá
ֵ߱үϷ˱뾪ǹλȢĿʱҶ泲µģҶСϲ̨ģǽһߡ
˴εĺǺس¼ҶʮһȢޡԳ¼һ󣬳¼ҶϷɱ˹
Ҷǹ˹
ͬı¼˲»ˣʦģǾͱ
ԲһǶóԺúŵĽһ˫ܲƵģʮּ
ǽǰԺƫһһ̵ġȵҶ泺ͽһʱ
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ϴ߳ʱ¼˲ڱ֮УҶ泶Գ¼ûӡ󣬵ϼ޽ǴΣ¼Թϯ
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ϸҵӳףȥĺ⻹ҪɡϷǶʲô𣿡
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תתɲġ
ѾȢޣһӦҲŹ
أ͵Ҷ泣ǺӸĹǳ¼ҿǱµľ˼ңҶϺôĵӡԾʮ㣬Щʣ¿֪𣿡
Ҷ泺һڹ֭Щźܼӱ
ʵˮֹե֭ûκεӣŨŨĹȻζܷżǲŽ
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ӻˣ磡
ҺôҲǿıĸôô񣿡
񣬻ʣңҵҪ㣬㵽ʲô
ҡ񵥵ġĪ飬оԼƺƶһء
Ҷһߣǳ¼ףǹԵӵ񵥣͵Ǻ񣬲Ƹ񣡡
ɲġĶ࣬ŪˣԹһʡ˵ǿ⣬֪֪飿
ԴҼ޽ǿҾǸĵĸլ֮˵㣬ͳȥǶҲŹذš
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ҿɲҡ̧̧°ͣóѹΡƣǳ¼¡Щ꿤һֱĸûΪһЩС»ԼľТ֮ġ
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ȷʵˡ
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һȻﷸ˴ȴĨȥǵĲ֮
˻ʺ𶯣ǹ˼Һͳ¼һǿѫͬȵ۲¼ɡδͳ¼ǰ㼸ţԪѾˡгΪʹ֮±ߣڴ²Ը¶棬ЩԽš
Թ֣ʷ顣ºķ˴ǵɽ֮Ѽǿʷ˭Ҳ֮ܽĨȥ
˵֮ⷬˣѰ֮
λѹֵµۡ
ʱҶ泣뷽ŴͬһŮʱ˵ͨ׶ϬڱǰеӲ˺ü߶ȡ
𣬴Ůܽһƿ֮ˣĲɹνЩԻЩʵЩʵȻ
šüͷĿɬؿҶ泡ǰô֪ԼǸΨΨŵŵãȻôһŮŮϸֲûֵá
Ŀ޵ؿ˰ء
һó谮ůĿ⿴һŮˣΪʲôûмλү˽һ棬ԭ˿ĮºˣҲж֮ʱ
˿ƶΪ
Ǻã

¼ԭΪһܳԼ磬ܼǰķ⣬ȴ˷۱ׯӶסˡ
ճ£ЩҶ泲̫ԺЩðĶҲܹʳǵӡ
һҶ泶پࡣ
һֱû˵һŮ֬ͷζ湻Ũġʲôһһ𣬼ֱ˳Բ
Ȼܵʵ۵Ķһˡ
СʱһֱڹµЩСӦûֺԺиֳһȺ֦չŮΧһСкĻ棬ĪеϲУЦ
ôˣʡ
ͷ﷢õ֮
ׯջģԺҲױ
ĺ£
Ҷ¿ϲЩ
ôûϢ
һѽ˱סǳղһ˺üڣһű˿ˮ
µĽ̫ˣֵԱ
ֵ֮أ뿤Է
Ĺ
ǰǷҲˣһºͳԷʱԷһУûжĴ氮Ľ֮ˣ
֣˽
ѣ⡣
ޣı䡣
Զ


85 
ȵ뷱,ȣ¥ɿߵĴƮ裬ˮлȺҹĽ١
Ҷһһ,輿ֻӺˮ֡ʻ밶ߣȻͣںġ
ǰ
ôһһ,϶СĿҶ泵ڵѪµĹȻ,ҲƴԼ,׵ôһׯӣӶ׬Ǯֵ,
Ĺ,˱Ϻˡ
ȵ,ղ̵Ǵ,˵ĳԷźϺźӵʱɫá
ʳǰֱĿ
극ڼװϴ,⵽̾Ϣ
Юˮ,һʪһʪȡɫľ¥ӽԶźˮһŴоһʱ侹ֲڻУǻС
ԵĲһ֡֡ƬĹǱ˻ǻϲ,ƽʵĿȴңԶİ
ܻȥ,Ƿһʣ
˼,о缲ָʱ,Զ뷽վλáãȻͫ,һ̱½ŵ

ΪʲôѰ
ԡ
Ѱ
ȥ
絶һ˫ĿǺˡ

Ҷ泻عû͵һ֪ΪΣֱ˿˼ĸо½һɲǵͷȴͻȻ顣
ֻΪ飿
˼֮顣ѰӼ㲻ܹ磬Ҳ֪ϢļԶʱ֮⣬ҲܼΨżѡ
񣬴ʶһЩ·ȷ˵ķΧڽ飬ֻڲߵĵشQ
Ψһ㣬ǱƿλߣܽܵĿ¾鳬Լƿء
ҺۻˣȻˮ￴ǰĵطҺÿʱһѣһʱȥˡ
˽ʹü
ʹˡ
Ƿ֮ˣ
ѿ϶еģû⵽Խ֮ˡҶ泿ЦһȻĸڣѺ룬Ҹֳӡ
ûˡ
ܴܺܿԽݣȻԼ뵽ԭĽɫУΪԼȱʧ
ԶƮһҶۣԼԼ衣תǸ续ĺˮɫǱ質߻顣
Сƣʱĸܡ軮ˮ棬֮ɢһ֡֡ĹƺҲ֮ʧ
Ǻˮ۵׵ȻһĹȥڵӵе̫ࡣⶼ֪㣬һô̰ˡ
˹Ҳ֪㳣̰֡Ҹ·ϵİʯｫһ߷ɡ
˵䲻¿ЦĻһͨͨˡҳúڲ࣬СҲһˡҵһɷֻΡԼǰһȥ·Ҳǲߵġ
⻰м٣ڼ١
﷢ë
ס˵Ļ
Ҳס
ǲв
治֪ʲô
ѵ
Ǹִð֮

Ϊʲô
ôܻԸֺֿαңҿɴδʹǺ˼мϲ
ʡ
ʲô
Ҷ΢
Ȼ伤ң˻ĴŽʯһһ׹
Ƿң
ǡ
ĿԣһһȻ
Ҷ泴δ˻ԼԼų⣬Լź棬ҲԼĳƢθڡ
ǵͷΪţҿԷ۾̧ͷŵֱ׵Ŀ⡣
˵ʲôû塣
˵һ֣Ҳ֪ǲˣ˵ôСѲԼ⡣
ۣзƱá
ʡ
ѽ
Ҫһ顣
ȻĳҪˣҾΪѵһ顣ʿң֮飿
С
һ֡
˵ֻ
жϲ

ܿҵϲмֻ֣һ֣ҲѾˡҺÿģҺûϲ
⻰Ǽٵģĺܿġ
˲Ĺ￪һ仨ǻ죬ôĿҫۡνĻŭţԭĸо񴺻شأǷ̩иζֻԼ֪
ޣá
ǰˣȻһЦ
Ժֱ׳ظˣá
ʣȴĺ˶

¼֮գҶû¶档
ׯϵһӦˣɽ˳档˶Գ¼˻ԹѾãƾֺʼհ¼뿪ʱҶ밲ԿӲʸˡ
Ҷ泲ǺٰŹšòװѵѪ棬ԺŶŶôٸǻᡣ
ռׯӶʮ꣬˼Ź黹ҲͰˣȻÿһ¼ʮˣֱ̫
ԣһ̾ڣǺεȺġ
ҶǣδûϵнգҲ֪ôġ
Щָڱڰ˴ٸǺǵ档󲻹һխ˵ҶԲƤ֣Һξ֮С
縡ƣоɢǧǧڣڮ٣뷨Ǻ͵²ıϡ
ͬһʱˣЩ뷨һ
ҶЦЦܺͳͬҵҡҲ֮Զ򲻸볤ᲢۡСʵһˡضǲĹЩ˵ĵˡ෴ûұ֤졣
ԺƤĻڽ˶ȴǷСʱҲ˵Ƥ治Ǻ͵һˡ
ε£л
лң硣ԭׯûܸ֮Щῤĸ뿤󷽣ǰׯ͸ˡׯӳҵ˽ҵıˣл
ͿǷޣֵ̫塣
֮䣬ЩҲܲ֡
һۣ˵
Це˼

ܿ쵽֮͢һ죬ļױνʮױ·ϲǮϲǣǵİӿȥͷ˶մһմϲ
Ⱥ׷ϲΣ˸˹
ͥУĵϲʾŸϲ·ӭͣϹֲʧϲЦݡ
ʱպãϲͣſڡ
һɷ֮͢ǰ˽ţӿ˻УԽ졣
Ҷ泽ԼɹĿˣǲμϯ͹
·˰ŵλãҼλķ˷һҶǹףϱдȷʵû·ӣҼλ˿ѹֱ̧ž
ǱŲŲɩһ顣ЩΣǱ˵ļ£Ҳ˵ʲô
ע⵽ˣûС
Ҽλ˵ɫѲѿҶ泲ܣﶼҶϾ˹ϵûбҪҶҳҶϯ֮⣬ҶŮһҲû
λ񡣡
ɲǣӴ飬һõĲ˼ųųӣȻС
ССģſȻǵƱſ񡣡
ӣϷҺҵλϷ˵˹˵Щ벻ѡ
͢Ϳ飬˲˾ͳҴϷ˵
·˵Ҳ֮͢ĸ֮ǰҶҺֳʵûйϡһ׮׮һǲòġȻһǱ֪ҪԸҶ泣ùһءǲǣҲֻһֱš
ϷǺ֮ˣɫͲÿˡ
Ҷ泲£ҲϷ˶¡ʱͬգڶԴϱ಻˼ʹӣͲˡ
ϱֱˬûЩӡͬ˲죬Ҳûʲô˵ѩﴦ׽һ㡣ɩЩӲٵлҪ˵һҲ˳дһ³ˡ
ҴϷһǽһȡ׷£׼ҾȻǸµϱ
ϷϷСĵã֪λǸʲôˡΪ߲֪νִеĳԾҲ٣سҶǱ߿˺üۡ
Ǻã̫Щ
ĳ࣬ӦǴϲ
ҵײ¼ңϷҲҪͽԼĴӣʱܸҴϷˡ
ǹɩ˵ģϵŮƵģŶﻶϲ
ҴϷ˰ɻ󣬼һ˿Ц⡣Ҫ˵ϽˣӷģĺԵ
û˭ϷɫһЩ
Ͻ㸣񣬽˳ϱ˶ÿ϶ܸҴϷ˲˻˵Ϸ˵Ŀϡ
ϷǽһϲǸиģҲúãӦǸġճӵճһȥͳ
ţʹ㿴һҶ泡
Ҷ泻һ΢ЦһԽϲɵģ
Ǹµġ
⡣
Ҷ˵ﻹӦôⷿ͢˵黰
Ҷתͷ˵֮ʣ˸ӵ񿴹
λҶŮǺֶΣ˵Ϊ곤¼˴ׯӶ˻ڱºͻʺǰ̻պһӦլ˵㡣
Ǻ
ǿһӲ˿λá
Ҷܸо̽Ŀ⣬ֻǿеˣв۵ҽָص
۷ôһ׾бǱ߿ĳˡһ뵽ĳȴ˶ģ̲סЦ
ԭҲд졣
Цţ˵ӵˡ
еıͶŵķȥĹ㿴һ˸ִһͷϲ񻺻
ʽУп˼ۡһۿǿһۿ֥ᡣ
Ҷ˼ͻȻսǻᣬƺߵýѵĻл֣
ǡ
ߵ㿴ŵӡ
С죬˵һӡ
⻰ҶŵģϾǳһӵȻֻܳŮһ
ҲǸ˼öױ˵ǣ֮͢Ȣλһʶˡ
ɫ˱䣬׼֮ࡣɫмޱȵҶ泵֣ɵصͷӦ¡
Ҷ泴ߣ͵˵һ仰ĿʱųƵؿҶ泵ĸҶǣһĶͷ
ôҲˡ
һֽ
ɩܣǱ˿۵סƽĵŮȢתȢ¼λŮҲûе
Ůһ̷ңҡܺɩãôڷһӦҲеϾ֧ŻӣĶլŮӡ
ʽһ˽Ҫ붴
ͻȻһɧңŮĿ
ӣӡȾū澣Ⱦǵĺӡ
Ҷ۾ˡ
ɡ
Ϸ
Ŷ


86 
µٵŮ޵滨,мֵ塣ֹɣ˵һ˼ҵСҲʹáŮĪڻ֮ϣҿڿ֮͢ǵĺ,ڱһȻ
˻֪Ů˭֮͢ǳķծȴһ۽˳,ﲻǱˣүߴѾͷ
ģú,ʶĶ,ƽ档˵ǰ˲Ϊ³ײүϲ,ѱͳ
н,ҲһæýŲմ,û˿ⷼǺʱĸ,Ǻʱġ
ָָ㣬ͷӶ
֮͢ǫƽ׽˵Ʒһֱ,δ˽֮¡Ͳ⵵,ڴ֮գܲ˾
·ɲǼ䣬˼תǧٻء
ߵģȥŵҲĸ񷼶ͻȻδյϢ,ɼһ˴е
ӡӡ
һ˽֮͢ԥһ·޵Ŀ,ȥһ˻ĸ˵δ,ӡĸ׻˵¼ҳ,ζӡ
·˻ûȥ,ֻϷһϲá
ϷǿسһֱΪƷԼѣǰŪӵ顣ŷû
㡭ղ˵ʲô
Ϸˣū澡ūӵĺӡūūϧū澶ĺ¼ҵѪūʵ᲻á
˵Ŀģ
Ϸ͵ػͷ·ˡ
ϱ֪ǰѾͷˣΪײϲϱȥ㷽˵кˣӵĸ˭£ǹˣǶΪġ
ͫ˵ֶô֪ܲ⻰ҪΪھ˵㡣
ԭѾˣڻƴһƴ
ˣūүˣҹүߡūʲôֻסĺӡ
ݵú˵Ȳ֪֮ˡʵָܺʹȻҽˮõӵͷϡ
ˡū׵ӸӣūֻһˡӡӣȾū澣ɱū澣ūһʬūʵͶ·͵͵˳ūϧǵĺӣûгӵĵһӣ
޺ţһҡҡ׹ģ
֮͢һԲ
ûѵⷼҲûзϣ˻ʲô׵ġ˲źţǰλүɣٺ¿еû뵽һﲻһαӡ
ǰͨ˲٣ԽԹңԽǼɻڵǰͷ¹ŵڣû뵽Ȼ̼˼ҵķһ޶
ϷһжŭǹĴϲ֮£֮ǰж⣬¾жζඪ
լ꣬ͷʽ
̫͢ʧˡ
ϣȻôҲóȻǿۡ
һ£о˴ӺסԼתͷԼĶϱʱҵĹһ㣬סҶ泵֡
Ҷ泵½ףѾͷ滳˴ĺӣҲ˫ϲšϲӣ¶ҪԺΪǿҲǸˡ
ֳ֮£ʲôϲ¡
Ϸȴǰһ˵ǣҲһϲ¡
ܺùб˿Цȥ
ʱһѽҿ˸ͷ˳
˵ĿⶼֻǰԽȡ淼۾Ī˵ˣ˽ɵۡ
㻳ӵĺӣϲ¡
ϲô
Ҷ泰ĪĲ⣿
ⷬٶ֮͢·ĺӣֻһͬڴ·˵
ճ׾͸ˣֱҪ̫á
ҶţԽڴ
Ϸ˺Ķ´ȣһԱȣԽ·˲˳ۡǰΪջ
᲻صغһ˷ѾͷȥЪš
ǲҲ
·˱棬ڵϵӻûüϷ಻Ļǽһ
ͻݣׯ̽˹ˣȻ˿ߡ
ĸףͿ֪ⷼ˲űߵģ͢ǰԺһūŲ岻˸ķ̺͢һ档û뵽ȻĶ뽫ĶԵ͢ͷϡ
ˣūûСū澸Ҷ췢ԣôԩū澣ū澵ӳү˭Ҳûӣӣ˵仰㲻˵Ҫū澡
͢ĸ֪ơѾͷѾԼͱȾȻԵͷϣĿ֪ϲӣôһڲʲ֮ءɲί
֮͢ҿԼĸףҲҿߵǰȷʵϲᣬʱ˿Ѿȫ
ǰ㲻ΪҪң
һ仰׷˷롣
·˽һЩ͢ġ
ҶΪϷˣνռ˿ϷľλáзѾͷҲʶ˲壬Ȼڲſ͸֮͢Ŀ
ĸҿΡοĺӼпǴġȰͳȥڴϲֳ
֣Ϸһͻͻ
ģȰѾͷȥ
ĸף黹ûŪܾôˡ
㡭𣿡
Ҳ˻͢
ϱ˽ֲʱϲӣһ׮ϲҲ޷ĸ֮ԣȴȥɡ
ٴδ·˵˿ͷ
ϱһ
Ƕѹ磬ѹ硣
·˴粽ã¹غĲӵԼ˻ӵƷԣԼһʼͱϱѹһͷ
ڷǰ·һһ·˲ƣһ֤ףƺ·ߡ
Ͷ·֮ʣͻȻߺˣū׵ģūû˹ҡ˷Ҫū澣ūֻܱ٣
ٶָ䣬վ˳
úõĺȸϲƣҲ˱٣ٻµһ߶ţƵ˳
Ҷ·һۣʱ
ôԼλδ÷򣬴˲֣ῴֵˡۺʱεأ˶վڳԹϵһߣҲмǿ
ˣūҪ١
֮͢ͻȻǹţǿɾִˡ
һڻԼ̼¡
ӣūȲѡҪɱū澣ūϧū澶ĺ޹ġūһū澶ĺӵĹ⡭
鵽زи˵ʲôĶС
Ѿͷ̫ܳѡ
һ·ͨѾͷĺӲӣ㡣
ǲǣտӺͿ飬ԴΪء˼ҿԸϢˣΪηҪִ󣿡
ҶЩ΢
һУúܡ
λ㻹ˣνԪʵ
ڳɡ
νԪ˫ֻأ֪˾һˣѪ١λȽʱһ֪
ˣ
Ҷɻسȥͷ
У
·ǻһ𣬶һ֮ٶѾãʹȸһԡ
ȻˣҵȺ
˿ڣݸһΡ
ҶϷ˶Ｘ䣬Ϸ˵¿˰ѷȥãԶֱ
ǧлű˴ߡ
ת˲ֵָľ󡣽һ³վɣӵŽһȥ·
ǳ˲ӣϷҲû顣̫̫ڷͷϯϸַŻá
ϯȻɽ亣ζĿȻ£б͵˼ھϯ֮ϣ·˻Ǻһׯ壬˽㵽˿ĿҲǰܹ֮ϲϣϲٱζ
˽񣬺úõĹŮȻ˷財źҪɱԼĸǸжˡӣõĲѧȻѧǵϲ̨ˣδ׾ŪͨĶôҲ洫
λ·˵Ҳ֪м档
һɣܻӹ˿ȥѰ֤ݡǡԭǻ𣬳ʱֻһǰ㣬ɻˣ಻
ϯɢʱһƬǽ塣
Ǿġ
Ҷ泺ߣ뿪ʱѾɢ
ĵ߹ңϲĺֽƮ֮ڿУҵĸ洦ɼֻĸҹɫз·һ̻𣬽öʵ
صĴϣԼԼ͸ֹʯʨĬţͬᡣ
¼飬Ļޡ
õҫñƤ֮µĸмɶѡ¿ȥǴ׳磬ʵѲһꡣ
ýҶ׼·ȥ
ǰߣںš
ҹɫӰԶ
ǰһе֮ͬ͢һҲͬһûеˣԹñӡ
ѡ
νԪ˵ǸѪ׵£ôģ׼׼
˰죬һֶûش
Ҷɻؿһۣǲǲ׼Żõģ
šһ
Ҿ֪ôܻ׼ķٹһǧҲһ֣ڵȫⶼ¡
һ䣬оˡ
ôˣ
ľ仰˵òԣ˷ʲô񾭣
Ƭ̵Ĺĸоֲˡ
ǲǰ
ǡ
Ťˡ
վŲʲôعһѽǣסҲʲô飬ǿʮָۡ
ȻɽңҾɽǿãֱŤʱ䣬Щۻ
㿴ǲǺԲ
֪֪ʲô
Ҹ㣬Ͽû϶ãֻһѵʯɽ
΢ȣġ
ǱپãҲдػشһ졣
ۿſ쵽ȥ̨һˡҲǣǱŵһ㡰վ
νԪƴۣΪԼۻˡ
³СӾȻǣſ֣
ȣȴһֱɿҶĻڡָϱĸһأȴ˴һء
УҲҪǣ֣


87 
ҶҲ,ҶûнֳأҲûзſ˻ʮָգе߽
νԪӶ,ֻ۾ˣȻһҲܻ,Ȼλεҡ
ǰ³Сӻн죬ǵһĻǰʱ,ָñЦ˲Ǳ,Լ
˼ҷ޶¼ҹһ
,úˡ
һЦ,Թı鲢ʺ,ֿܴģĪЦ
ҶûסЦ,ôûؼңδ£
¡֮ǰû£Ҳ³˵˵,һ¹¡,кܴ¡³ûãԼѶԸĴӡҿ̡
ң
ҶΪԾ󣬺ܿ׹
ƣϢ

ôҲǾĴͳ죬ŷɥЦ,ȻҲ緲һϱ˯ž
δֱ˵޷
ģһס,լ˴Ҳ˵ճʳӶв֮,ÿֵؼҲֻһҵ塣
˵,¶һı顣
ҶЦˡ
ǵף
ǡ
֮,Ӧ𣿡
Ҷ˵»ÿͬС
⻰ȷʵҶ˵ģͬʱҲҶ泵˼
һĬ
Ҷ泵̫ˣ˵
úúúϼһ¡
˵̧꣬ߡ
νԪһסѹ죬ɵðҡ
Сϱֵܣղһ仰Ҳ˵
ſ
ҲšСڷ޶ֵܲܵǰǺ㲻ңھڰɣ
ҶѾţ˻
һڣ
ôܣ
곤Сѡ
νԪֵͿǶڣͷܻᴵɡߴһָɿˡ³֮Ҳ顣
ǲ
νԪһѹø͡ɽתˮתԺҪģҺòˣΪܶ𣿿Ҷ׽ãܱ֤պûҵʱҶʱͷС紵ţָ˵ҾһϵֻƣӦﻥǣ˵Բԣ
һ
ôһνԪòɿ
ۿ˹ĴţνԪĵ£죬ǲɣݹպƲ㣡
Ҷ䣬ʶͷ
ŻϣνԪӰ⡣
һƻνԪѹˡ
ôأ
ȫǰ֮⣬ȴûʡ
ϴ¡ޣһվɡ
ķ̨硣ȵҪЪʱϨ̨һ̨̫üл
ŽԼľҶֻһ
͵üأ˻ǰ綼޶ԵӣӲֽߵĻȥ
ɴʣ˲һء
νԪ˵
ţ۾˹ȥϤϢɭȻеֻ˵̤ʵС
ǰ·Ԫլӣǽ¶˲ӲݣȷʵϾ˼լ֮ʡ
ô
Ҷ泱ʾܻɡ
νԪǽĹӣ߲û̺ˡլǽӲݣĲӦߵ
ûʣһס𣿡
м˸棬˳ӡ
Ŷ
ԭˡ
˲ԻؽҪˡ
ƽԼĻﰴ˰ΨֺͽǣǰסҲı䲻Ѿףϵһʱϲһ
ҵȻ֪
ҶҲ˵ΪʲôΪ¡
νԪֶһˣҼĶ֡װͦʵһβǣҼǰһֻССá
Ԫǲ٣òСӡӣҲƾһ֮ɵоţӡ
Ҷһôˣ١ȵνԪֶκһۣɸƵġ
νԪвЧµҲ˵˵ȥֻһˡʵس֣šһ¡
죬һѽץסС
ﲻʹ죬βΪЩô
Ŷôû뵽
Ҷ泺ܿ⣬νԪãΪٺü꣬ӦЩ˽ļױעβëϵ׷
µĻ㶮£֪˭׽ˡ
˵һѣ󽫴񽫸֮ˣΪõڵһǱֱ嵽Ӧ
һͷǳˡ
νԪܿͻ֪֮пĻ߲嵶ǵѪ֡
ʲôɷʲôЦ
ѡ

һҹ磬СһŻһ໥ԣԵĶ¹֮շ¡ԽоգԽǶҸȤţԶ
ɫճɽ
ͷߣҶۡˣǸںõɴʿľҲܸоԼӦˡ
ƽȻ޷ڹլֻǽǶҪݺ;裬õϱӦȥ
ϲ̺˵ǿԸۺ¶
˵ˣǱߵ£ᣬǱ㲻ùȥˡֻ˵ͬǡ
ȷʵعҶĵ
ˣ˵档
ױ֮ʱϲصҹ¡˵·ǰҹûжҹҪˮ
õѵ˵Ϊʱ̫̣
Ҷ΢˭ģ
ϷԺ㡣
ϲ˵õһѾͷ
԰ʲôʱϷߵ˽ˣ
ūǿѾͷɣ˵ˣﵱѾͷɲһ׵¡뵽Ҫģû뵽ҲҪġ
ɣԭģϲҼҹҿôҪãЩҲͲӡ٣֮Ҳ١徲ЩҲġǱ߶˫۾ߣɲٺʹǰһ֪ԡõҪû뵽ҲҪ⡣
ϲǰͺɣЩͷɣȥƽϵ࣬Ҳһ˵ЩӵĻ
Ҫúɣ֪Բֻ֪ԡ
ߵ֪ϽҶ泵ȻˡϲӣרŸһֻûмԣϲЦ۾гһ졣
һʰ׵ʱͷѾϸߡ
ʱһ;˲衣
ҶȥʱѾظˡֱȥãϷһʱһߡ
ССģǲ˽ףҲͰˣҶϾȻҲҲԼƽﻹ̫ЩͲӦø
ĸϱˣǲӦá
ڶʲôʱˣ˯̫磡
̫̫˵ͦĬ
ҶҲϷѿɫȵش˹ȥƼϻһʱĴ۾תת
ĸʲôζô¡
Ĺ𻨸⣬û¡
𻨸⣿ôһҶζҶװʮɻӣĶšһ֮£ǻʧɫĸƭңķˣ˶ߣ
Ϸ˳Ҫѵһ٣㿴ϸڴաϸһʹɫһҶ泵Ķ顣
Ҷ죬Ҫµģ
㡭ĪˣϷǷӦ
ʲôˣҶ͵֣ϻװͿ
˯ŲõζⲻǺϲʲô
Ϸ˴쿪ʼģųôףһȵģĳһӵģ
͢ɫ˵ɫҲΪѿˣżʱЩˣһǽŲ鸡Եʡ
ˣɸ׶֪ŵ㡣
Ҳǣ̰ղסһŮ˼Ҳ֪ƾһ˵ҹҪˮ͢ԵﲻʹǣĴһͿյӣȴɫ
ӵĹ뷿֮£һĸû취̫̫֡۰ĸǽˡ
һ뵽ûסһеѾͷԽòʹ졣ӳǵճֶѵҪһ
죬ȥ򡣡
ԸϸָϽȥš
Ҷ泼ʣĸǲﲻˣ
ң㡣ϷֻŶϱĻˣĻָﻹǵճ
ûҶ泻װ¶
⺢ӣô˲֪¡ϷˮĿݻ˲˾˵ࡣǱûҲֲСڡ¿Ǻ£ȴ˾֪
ܿĹϲ
Ϸƶɢ˺ЩȴߺµشҶ泣ֱҶ泿öЩ˼ˡ
ããǸиġ
ĸϸϱԼ˯ͷõԭǡҶװߵӣԼĸ
ʱ򹫲Լе£ʱӦò
Ϸ˿ͻȻðһ䣬ģ
ãĶ˳ġ
ãġ
˭뵽һСŮӣ˸ţҲ˳˳ˮ˵ⶼϷǲŵġ
ӵˣպҪ֮ڵĶǧҳԡ֮ҡ
ϱʡáĸĳ˭˵ϱá
⻰˵ǣĸĳȷʵĸ⻰һ䣬Ц˽
ⱦҫ
Ϸ˺ɫһ뵽ӽӣôҲһЦ
û㣬ϱ֮ĳƺð֡㿤ʡ鷳
΢㶣ôһ
û˵ѵˣ
б֣Ϊβۣ
ĸпǲ̫ˣ
ܱǻǿãô룿ô룿ǹıٴ󣬻ܴùǻʼң
ĸ˵ǣϱ˼ǲܡ
ж۰˽֪
ڼݣҲ֪ڱ˭ҲԽȻ³˱£Ȼǿ
̧̧򢣬Ҷ泣ôһΪʱῴǡ
ǶԲסȥֵˣˡ
һֵһ
ǻûа͹
ҶСȻûĵӡһнǿ⣬ǲ档
ԭˣ⸮ͷûгŹȻСĸ˵ǲǣ
ϷЩûԭģҲֲһҹôЪţ
»ڶջôо񣬿Ĵȴû̫̫ԽԽ꣬ݰٲҪúѵһ
ԳԾ˵¼˶ϲҶôϷ˻ҶϣѵǱҶϸֺˣ
ԭˣ²Żġ
ʲô£󲻹˯Щҵĸһҹδ˯ĻҪ
ҶϹػǲ˵㡣
ҶЩϷ˻άԼֲӣһԲ⡣
Ҳʲô£һˡԼ֪һ˯͡ĸģǻҪͿһʱա
ԣ΢䡣


88 
ܿع,òԵҶ泵һϲҶ״һлл沣Ҳֻά顣
Ϸ˺,ڸƷԡϱҪʶ壬ҺԺ档ڶϱǲ̫,沼
һ뵽Щþ
,˵ʧǼٵġԴӼ˺,Щڴӵ¿νǧѡΪԼĴϾеĹŮȴ뾹Ȼֳ¡
ÿȫ,򻹲֪Ҫճ
ʱ,ġֶ,ϷԽ,Ȼǽֿ䡣ǰΪС»֮ҹӽһ¶ĲҲɢ࣬ôϱѸó
˵סãʵȻһѾͷ,ǻ,ҲסϷ˵Ժӡ
òԶһСԺͰ
Ҳ˵ôǲǹͻݣÿ֮ϣȥ˭˵ˡ
Ϸ϶һ˿ο,תͷƼһɵĶϱ˼֡˵ϱûȢ,ϱŶ
ҶȻЩ,ֱڿЩ,ĵز,ҲΪТ˳ֻУŵȻҪһЩ
ǸûպһӦССġߵ˸ôҪôĪҪǣǵġѾͷǲ̫ɻ䣬ĳֻۣžͲʲôöҪЩ
Ҷ泲֪£ĴѾͷ˴
̫̫ӲϲΪ˴Ҳ̫˵ӵһҶȻĺá
ҶһһӦ£ֵ˵壬ѱɵȥˡϷ˺һв˵һ¡
ָǽˡ
˵߰ͳߵĵһˣû֮䴫κ˵ӣϷ˲ϲҲ֮С
ӣѾͷһǰһҪĸ
ĸϱɲҴӦֲԵ£˵ʲôʱʲôʱ
ϷһҶǸʵӡ
˵žǣЩߴᡣ
ĸѵǡҶ泵̣ܽһǫ顣ϱһֱΪⳤӳӦǳΪáѾ˽ָ߾ϣǰͷҲ˵׼
Ϸ˳ԽѿĪһ⡣
˵ʲô
ϱ˵ˣϱ̥ŮǷҲǹ¼ҵĵճﲻҪָ𣿡
⺢˵Ҳ˵롣
Ϸֵͬʱ˼
Ҳ
ֻ¼ҵŮǵճĺáҶǸиģһѾͷǰ棬û
ʱ磬ۿſ쵽ŵʱ䡣
Ϸִ˵ǽճǡ˲룬ԻӵŮ̲Ҷ泲ǲ֪ôˣ󷽷Ӧ£ΪصˡһڣһڣǰϷ˸ŪͿˡ
ǳǳᣬϱﻳĵŮ
Ī˫̥
Ŵû˵⻳һ
һ
һҶ֪ˡ
л˫̥Ļ򣬵Ҳ˵һͻỳ˫̥
ϷƺЩʧҲû˵ʲô
ҶǣϷԭŲϴǰ嵭еŨڵڵĲ˸
ѹ̫̫ûȥ䷹Ҳ֪̫̫·˵Ļ·Լ˲ɴ˿ɼϱĹϵѾѺۡ
Ϸеɫϱɵ˰ɣ
ʢˡԸϸ֡
ϸֽظҶʢһɢŨŨ˲иźɫ轡
иζΪһЩҶŨŨ˲ͻȻЩθ죬Աơ
ŲζϷʡ
Ҷ泵ͷ
δֹǰԼû£¿ֹ̫ˡ
ĸԼȰɣϱǸûڸġ
ŲζϷ˵Ȼǿȡ
˳ԹüηյҲǢ
ϷӹȴǲθҲáһ룬Ҳһ롣ţһ뷹Ҳʹá
̫̫ҪСҶʶȤǡ
ճãһۿ۾׵ķ
мֿȥϷ밲ְݲǰ
󷿵£Ҷ泲֡
ֻһۣƿߡ
û߶ãӭ֮͢һҹδѣջ޵ɹһԵмġ
ɫǱһ㡣һأȷʵǾˡ»һ죬ӿô
ǴӺ͵ãӦñӵĹϵ
Ҷ泿Ϳؼ񣬸·
Ҳ𺡣ֻǲñ˿飬ֻĿбӣֱҶ߾
ĪǼʶ֮󣬿ʼŮΨֱ֮
ﵹǻʱܺӼˡϲ˵
Ҷ泿һۣмζǻʱ䣬ǸɣֻзԼ֪
ŴŮˣǸѾͷǼ򵥵ˡңƷƽ˾˭ɾ
Ůһ̨Ϸ˿Ϸݵ˭˭ڻҡ

£ҶûмŻعȥһҶҡҶ˴⣬Ҷĸֲš
վӲڼңȫŮˡ
ҶĸҶΪĵ壬ϴҶôӹСסǱ֪Ҷ泻е¡ǰ²ţҲֻװ֪顣
Χ࣬θڡ֪ܺãҲʱҶĸһ˵˺üӡ
ҶϸǸп˵Ǹиġһ件ϲĻȴ˼ֲԡҶɻؿæ˵Լ껳µû찵أ˺üµ
ҶĸǸˣ㲻ܹĿࡣ
˶Ľһ̥ȴŮŹءһ̥գο˫̥֪Ůǵ̥Ҷϱ˭ˡһ̥˫ӣ಻ãµڸǶǴᣬ߲㡣ʱһЩûͦ
Ҷ֪£»Ǿòԡͷˣĸ׵ɫƺеҲǰʱһЩ
Ȼһ£ʵҼǵûǰӦĸļգǲȥˣ
˵ĸʵҶϵĸϡ
ϲңϲҶĸҲҶҽܵĸÿϣҶһǰȥ
ڻ԰νĻ԰ʵǾһ鲻ɽͷɽͷԱߵȫҵĲҵ鲼СķĹŰжŮҡ
õңҵĹرڻ԰
ҶϲŮ£֮ϵμûκá
Ҷ泿ߣʵ׷£
һЩС¶ѣˡҶۿ΢죬Ů
ǲ˵Ҳܲõ
Ҷĸ̾һû˵ҲΪѡ
ϼһգҶϻǺһȥɨ˭֪˵طһòιȥϵķѱڿõĹľɢһأźǲ֪١
ʹׯϵˣЩ֧֧᲻Ͻ͵͵˵ǰһ¹ǹ˵ϵķذܻҵķˮ˰ѷظˣʬɽ
ɽô󣬸޴
ǿŻģ˺ü죬ǰǻҶ泽ͻȻǲ׼˵ġ
ϲһң˵ĻϻţҲֻҵһūšҴԼūţɸ˵ʲôĪ˵ʬǣǽ˴ɱˣһȥ˭˵ǵĲǡ
ΪˣҶϲŲԸŮ֪
ŮҵĶݱŮһȣĴ˳ȥֻǸŮû
Ҷ꣬һƬ䡣
ڷʬûޡ
˰ܲ˳䡣ȻϽ˵䲻׵ȴʲô£̸²ʣΪռʵʵں˱ˡ
ǧﻹǺõģôڵص°ȼʮꡣЩ˼ҵң󲻹һŲϯҸطˡҶ϶ŮأǺ¸Ů鷳³ΪŮǵۡ
ʡá
֪û취˵ԲŸǰ޼ɵǶˣҲԶĻȥ
Ҷ泴һʱҪߡ
ҶǲᣬǺۿ޳ȥĹǼͬǣһҲôס
ʱҴңȥʱ
֮ĸǸӣռ˱˵壬Щ˲ദ˼µʱ⣬ֳϵ
ԭӦĿͣȴľ񡣽дѹʯĺһͬڹȥ֪нС
ͷⲻҡһĽҴլݶϣɫ
⣬һ˳
һϵĹٷʥַҶ泼ϷŻӣ浱ǲʶ˼쳾ľϰ֮ˡ
Ҷ泳ȥʲôָһ㡣
˵ʲôоԼڴǸ˾ģӱȹ󷽽Ķȡݵǰ
׵ӣһһ𻨸⣬һ黹ȱһڣǱҧ
𣿡
вصĵϰߣΪΪСܣΪԼʱжӡȵĿУǿ鱻ҧһڵĹ𻨸⣬ޱŵԼĿС
ó𣿡
š
ҵĵģǲӦð£Ц۵ȴĹ⡣˲ԣܵĽѵĪʲôˣ޵ʲôˡ
Ȼˣʱʶһ¡


89 
үսսصصͷ,ȥӡһɱ֮ɭƣǿѹȸвƣƸ˲
,ͬΪӣүҲò̾λүĿȻ˾,η绢м˸ֱ,м˸˵òλպյ¿,̫߸ϡͬߵ£伫ܿܿ
,ƽ¡һ,ҲǼΪ۵һ
ҵĲҵ,ôڸʱһ,ճѲӾеļӣʱ˵Ķ˵ѲʵʵȨ߸ʽ¶ѡЩƹĵ㹧,תһ¡
Ĳ,˵ĲעӡֵЦǸзģЩǻЩãЩǵűĪ˵ǾͷǼĴ󲮶Ҳۿ
ôҲ벻λȻҪԼ
ʱǰ,һڲ¥̸˵ءȻ¥С˵,ĸˡ˲,Ųһˡһöʱ,©˺ü¡
˾Ϊ֮ɫĵط,ŵ˲ǼаǼ֮ˣҴȥ޻ء
һ·ϣĴ㡣
䲻֪Լ˺˭Щط˵ĵطǼභ֮£Լ֪ܲʱ˱˵
ĳ˲δԼȥ˾ţǽ⴦լ⴦լźͨѰĲּ򵥵Ĳãκرĵط
ԭﻹƣ޻ɵŻĸϷˣԼλүʱڼһ㡣ʵ벻Ȳ۵Сʲôطֵλүʦڡ
ȴڷѩС
ɷ֮׹
Ϸԣ˵ֻܼ¿һǲ֮ˣһǽ֮ˡⲻָ֮¿ӻˣָ֮Щˡ
¿׷ǹʣȻӻ֮ˡ

ͻȻʲô
ΨһϺλн֮ԼǰһʱҶҵŮһ֮һ뵽ҶҵλŮ뵽ɫɵȻǶԷֲ͵ĳȡ
˵ҶҵŮԴ빫ĵÿүĻġо䲻˶˵Ϊִ󵨵ĳ顣ÿÿĻҡͷһЦǸӿɲ򵥣һһͼָˡ
ǵǺһͨڣҲֲ˼ҡ˵һ֮ڣ˴Ϣ֮
˵˵ȥǺǻ
ѹȥ֮ãҲ·ôλүͻȻԼѵǴ£
֪˶ãõĶᵽɤۣϲ²£˵ļ尾
λүڿʱ̧ͷ
Ϊ벻Ϊĸ𣿡
仰ʱǸҲʹ
ģЩʧ̬
үεǶ֮ˡο㲻۵ˣĵֵÿүʡǸ˵ʲôʲôԲŻнһ
ǰ֪жѵá
ؿүĻС룬ζ롣
ܺá
֣үɤ۵ȥ
ֹʱһһǳسլ
ʼһͷڴ·˵ĺͷǰСһֱеڲԶŷġ˲ͷ亹һأͻȻΪ˵Ĵ
Żһ·
û뵽һʱȵһٶȻԼ˴Ļλںеף¶Ȼܳɡ
ɶԩջеüյһ졣
ţȺ֮С

үΪ׵λһ˾ŵĵŹġ
ܿ죬ؾ±㴫ˡЩǣȻбģбģбġ԰ķһڿһ߾߹Ǻ飬ŵ򲻶ϴ
ʬǲ˵֤ȷ䡣
ôλڷǲʵ֮ʱǻҵҶͬѲǾòΡ
ү״ֽ״ϷıסЩȥʮ꣬׷סǰңһӦ֤֤δĨȥ
˰ǣ˾˾Ǳһ֣ĵճɾүף˳Ϻܿ챻˴ΣѶ֮Լϲ䡣
϶֮ûã󷿶˳ȥү뱻Ӵһ
ڳǶ԰ٺãסĵطöԶ
˿ΪѾΪһʱ֮ͬ廮ϵŵڣ˼ͷȥǵã˵׾ͶסǳǿȴҲ˶պûмͷغεؼѡ
˵˶ˣЩ⡣״֮ǲڣǻڵºҶ˹ϵ
үȰ˵һõĹģָһңٲȻѾĹǡһš
һǵɫү֪ʲô
˵Ҷ˵ˣҲǾ˼ǵġҷ˳ȥѾҵ֧ǴʱٻֻǴǰ
ˣǲãҲǵıҡ󷿶ǿҪ¿϶᲻ܡ
Ʈ棬ʲô¡
ǰ£˹ܹ𣿡
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ǰҺεȲӣֻǳһС£ֻгǵʹ𷣡˵벻뿪ʵûĵ
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үĶλ岮ûףֵͬһѧ
ƾѣôһΪ·
ӵܣͷ߲ࡣΪ٣ȻЩƾǴ󷿶¡ܵǸ⣬֮޼οƾٲ£󷿶ЩҲûʵˡﻹԺΪ̣Ҳı䲻･ǰơ
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һһԽ岻֮١˵ӣҵ⣬ˮǺġճļ⣬Ҳֵܷ¿Լʵûס
ͻȻүɫ֪ʱͣҸһȥأμۡ
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ߵܣү˵ǣ˵Ǵ˾ˡ
ү׿˵ģм١Ȼǵ£˵ôһǶԵġ
߸磬үǾ仰ʲô˼ԺҪ𣿡
ܳͷأ߸ɱǡ
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мԱĶˡ֪λ¿Բһſڿ֮ˣ˵˵ѡ
ֻҪ鿼ȡضǰ;һ⼸ˣгһջȡԭһ塣
ףպһӿ̿飬ү
ãöӡ
үŶӵıһճԺµģü棬Ҳϣ
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ҲֻĹϿү
ʱҶ泣Ҳڻ¡
ʱ;үǸ˼ˣ֤ҿ˻ͦ׼ġ
һԺֲµӣ˭֪һֱαװҿ϶ү֮һ˹Ŀ࿴
һֱδͣӳǶǱȻҵǰҵĴŽգһԶ·ʴһ㣬޹ʿԡ
ƿӵһǣ⿴ȥ
һǬ
ҸڵǬ˲ܡ
ǣһȫΪ˼֦ܰȻ£껹֦ҶïֱǿЦˣ˽ݶ⸱
֦ף֦ѣǻڵġ
û˵ǣҴ󷿶ͨΨλү֮һ֦㣬Ӳһ֧֮ҡ
ʱѾˣмôѹھ㡣
ػһеһԭǷεġϾвţȴƲ϶֮ţθľԼԼ
ĳôһ߸
ˣЩ㲻ܷˡ
Ҷ泷³۵һƬ䡣ոǻ뵽еĽ֣ԼԽʱļѡһõļ壬һа·ߵڣĵҲԼΪڡ
ǵڡ
ģһǻڲ
ĻҶеı佥ڡ
˿ɷôܻ˵Ļ˵˺ڣ˾һΪԼΪۡ
ſ˵ǺڣҾ͵ſʹĲ
ɷŮˣξЩˡʶ͵һߵӣ;ķˣ˫գ޽еļƷ
ɷŮ˰
ƺϲ


90 
,Ʊ仯޳ĵӽ¡˼Ѳ⣬һһұʷѵլ֮,λгõĹԱܿȻʧ˵ġ
ĸŴһʧ,һҹ֮㸲ҲϢսܡڼ,̱¶̫ĸж֮,ЩνǷǰǿ»Žӵƣüһ,ȴƻἱת¡ǽ˳ȥ,ͽ޹
,ҴŽա
һֱϷ˰ʮ,˲ų߶
ӭ͵ǶϺһҶ泾Цúϲ£죬ǿи,ϲ
δﻳһ,¸סǿݣУܵõд
˴ϯҶҲҶһͬǰҲҶõһʽࡣǰҶö,ĵһƵա
֪ͬνԪģνԪˬؽԼ˽ȫ˳˽ȻȲ,ҲʮֹȥЩڴҿڴ,ȫҶõļױ
Ҷ֪ԼҴԼ,ʱͿˡ
Ҷ泱ο,Ȥ˵᲻üǾͲˣȻᣬȴǼᶨҡͷ
Ůȥɳ
νԪȲȻϲꡣ
ڶ֮󣬽ֵ˵˺ЩҶ˵˵ȥǲ̫ģв֮Ӧ߼ˡ
Ҷ֣صӦˣʾԼһע⡣
μ˶⣬һν⡣νԪİϣη˵ġҪνԪΨһѡ仰˵ûνԪпܳɲס
ԭ֣μ¶⵽⡣ηһǣЦŹˡ
ҶϺܶûвμӹʽϯȻЩнη˽̸ҲſһЩ
ʱ˹ͬкЩʶģЩǲʶġηһ㣬ҲǿӦ
ϣ˭뵽ǰҶһǵ¹
νʮӶʮҶԼ뵽һ졣ɷǹӼƣŮǿŮ޸ĶӡŮڵģһһɫѧϰ̿࣬ùӵء
˶˵̬ȱ仯ܵһʱ֪
ܵǱ˵ֺύ֮ܳǰŮѹһ¶ٻЩʧ̬
෴˵ĸܣ֮졣˻ͬ˵к΢̬ȱ仯ܡ
һ˳ʷ̨Ḷ́пʹġŬȻ޷ʰԻ͵ĥ˵Ķ
·ֺγˡ
ǰϯĳϣ˵£ҲǺֺܶõĶ󡣶˵ܵ䣬ȴҲܸо˵Ŀرܡ
ԵҶϱ˷ʱҼλ˵ɫҪѿжѿ
Ҷ泺ҶýƣȴȫͬٲȻΪעĿĽ㡣Ҳ˵Խûºε⣬˵˵òҲ˵ע⡣
Ĺ򣬽Աֶһߡ
˭һλ
ϷָۣߵĳˡĽҲ֪ļиģǵôһ˫
̫̫ʹһдʱ䶼ھׯϾҶأһҲδ
ĸ˵ʲôóϷͷ
ˣǳϱͽԪСδŵϱСӵ۾ҲֺֿݡããŶˡ
һһϷ˺٣ϷʼմЦʱʱ˵ϼ䡣
ֵҶʱϷҶ泺ҶýǰһЩ۴˺һᣬԽĴüĿ
Сôôÿ̫ſﶼϲúܣͽԪСҲϲý
⻰һڳķ˼졣
һλɫӵķˣϷ仰֮üͷܼӬĿ⿴ҶĸŮߣҶ泵ײš
ҶʶҴ󷿵ĴϣҲ·˵Ҵɩ
˲ƿĿ⣬żӡ
̼࣬Ǳͼһã˵Щҳ԰ڶŮϯڷ˸Уػػֱӣ޷Ҫڳ֪ԼŮɣ
֪λᵽŮϼΪм˵һŮҡ⻰õ˲ٷ˵ĸͣϾûĸһϲҺŮ
˶ŵؿҶĸŮ
ҶҺ֮ǰֵ÷зڳ֮˽šһŮ֮Ҷף⻰Ȼָ
Ҷ˲
Ů¶׸Ҳı䲻˵ʵ˵ŮŮȫǵճǻ˵ڡ
ҶϣλˣŮӺζ
϶ݣⲻ
δа־ȣҲ˺ӵաŮиŮŮȷܳΪ֮Դ
ϴŭĿ𳤵ĶȻҽѵ
ϻػҶֵҲ۵仰ԣʵƫģ֮Դ֮࣬Ʃ粻ТӣƩԼһʱв̤ȻһԱ֮ô˻ΪԼս븯ҽڡ
˵˭ܣ˵˭ࣿҲ̲סˣҺεŵڣһŮļ˵ġ
΢˵˵ĻҲί񡣵ڳķ˶ңΪ첻٣ԼķδûԹޡ
Ҷ泸ڳҵϣҲĲ֪ߵغ֪ѵûŮŻվϡ
һҲݰͷŮٺĸΡĶƲݰѵ֮ࣿкƳŮѵǺĸΣ
˵һĵҪ˷ѡ˭֪⻰ǴﴫģǿԼ˵ġ
ʶ·ˣ·˿ŮżҵֶϱԼңΪ˵
Ȼ̡
ûпڣǿһߵĶϱԼָףװʲôҲûӡ
ϱɫؽž˭Ҳû
ǽһδһСҺô˵Ȼҷ˵ļӣһࡣͬе沵ƴֹһҲȥ
ǳңĿˣ浱о֮زɣ
Ҳ֪ǳңǷۣһΪǹͳϷ˹ȥúõҪˣ˷¶ˡ
㡭˵
һһԡ˶ܿϲҶ泵Ķ֡˰λδ֮ǰԺһ£Ȼмֿ֮
Ҷݣû˸׵
ԭҲЩĲҶ泣ҶҲЩ׷׷ȥóһۡǱ֮ӳ£Ϊһ޵Ů
޵Ů£ļҲ¡ĸŮܳ£Ǵ󷿶Ҳǣ
Ůӵأ˲Ż֮һŮӵʧͳ֮ͥͱ˸ʧ˷ִ硣
⻰ҲҹͬΪأѵǱʱȺʱ𣿼ʩˣպǱ˵ΧŹ಻ᷴЩ֮ˣºοǷ֡
֪λЦͻأ̶ִ
ϷһãȻ״૵ߵĳˣʹˣԽʹǷ˵ʲôôֵý
˵һЩŮĸҲǲסϱǻ˵һӣ֪ȷȥЪţ
̫̫ͷһҲá
;뿪ǵĹ˼ɱࡣ
ϡվŭҶ泡
Ϊѵ㲻˼ү𣿡
۴ñӡ
Ҷü۸䣬ƷΣǱ¶ۡ¿򣬶֮ţǲͬ飬βȥʱ¡
ǻʵ۴ͻ飬ƷнΪ֤ġ
һƶʱɢˡ
Ƿſɶˣҹ£ǿҵ˵ŮʲôԣļûŮмģмŮĵġ̫ᣬԼˣе⡣
˴Բӣᣬ˵ĻȴΪпϡŮǲɱ⣬ҲĻ֮Դ⻰ʧƫġ
˵⻰ˡ
ԣҶˡ
ŮɩȻΪɩĺãһֱ֪Ҳô
һм˸͡
ϵɫѳɫؿھҹȻʧƣȻҲ䵽ĵز
ʱ˻ˣûвŵաЦźʹⲻǣʹԲ
Ĺϯʼϯ˵Ц·𷽲ŵԲһ㡣
߽Ҷ泣ۺ졣
ɩ
Ŷ㲻
ҶСȤ
ŮںճɾȻһֱ񣬺ƲŮŮݡȻŮƾԼˣ̫಻Ϊ֪ļѡ
һƺͽ
ŶҺܺãҲǡһߡ
ôã˭᲻ϲ
ҶԽĽߣ۾ȴȫǸм
еĺƺǴӺͶɩ֮еġڴ֮ǰûһϲ
Ϊ˶ɩźͶ˵ϻҲΪɩŻ¡ûжɩܼ޸ӡûжɩƽҲᱻ˿ءɩĶɩάںĵ
ɩá
ҶЦǰ濴ȥ
һ۵׵Ц⽥
·ںҶ˵
ãǲǻԹǣ
ҶϸĻҽеůΣܿŮĻ·ˣѲŮҵ·á
㻹Թġ֪ˣ񡣿ɺЩˣҲ̧ͷĸŮͬģǸԹǡͬΪ¼ϱȻϣùϵҸ̫ǽҲ˶ˡпԣٿĪ硣ǿԣôнһ׽ҲУĪҪٽ֮Ϊмɡ
ҪҶϲþܾ
Ϊѵһһ룬Щȷʵ޹ءһ˵벻ȫ
лá
·ɫ΢ɣڸм֮ɫ
ҶıӰߣôˣΣ
ԥһ£Ǻã־ûôá
˶˵ĸò˫ȫͻݣСʱҲôΪġĸֺÿ˵Ļÿһֶе׵ϲ
һ͵͵ý˵Ļĸûѵý㣬˵һСŮֵôý̫⡣ʱԴĸģ¶Էǰǹ꺮ůǼٵġ˭ҲûߣΪ±˲ţŴĸˡ
Ҷ泵ԼĸоλǲصǸˡ
߼ܿ㵽Ҷߡ
ôһˣأ
·ԣɫ΢ɼر˱䡣


91 
·һ˳޵ĺϱ,·󷽣ݸ߹һϱ,ĶջĽĿ⡣֮Ҳάֱĺȫ·˷,Ȼӹ򶼲Ըˡ
ԭӦһΪͷ£ΪҵʧơһŮҽ޹,ܵõϱ𾴡οϱԺ,ȫвŷĵ
䰲ٷǺѣٲҪ˵ҵĽ,ǳҲг޵Ůߡ
ǳЦûѡ
ҶºǺ,ް֮ɫպ·˻֪,ĺöϱ,ҲŮӡ
㣬ҲѧģԿ,ԺѻԽԽࡣֿ֧ύ,һĺţǺø
·Ц۵ףɡ
ҲǸиģŲþͻˡ⻳ӵŮ˲˶˼ǣĪҪΪһЩ˺һЩ¶̥,ú̥
˵ǣһúӡҲ޽˹,ܿҲܱӡдĺ,˵ܺ߾ϡ
ҶƵƵü,˵ʲô,ʲôк߾ϡ˵ЩʲôԲһʱֲ֮岻
ý㵽ķҴҲ֪һЩЩȥˣָᴫж
żŮ˵ŮԿ
ʱ·˵⺢ӣ˵Ц̥һٵУĸҲ¼ҵǸӡ
·⻰˭Ǻû
Ҷ⻰ȴˮȥԸ
ֶϱһ̥ӦǸŮ¼ҵҲãճҲãӦóڹǹ׷˼ңٺ͹Ǳһۡ
һд֣⻰ĸˣָѹ
ĸ֮ˣҲС֦˼ҾǸ˷ٻһ۳סǡңǰղŽ˳ȥԺĶʹ󷿶ҲٻΪһ̸
Ұֳȥǡ
·˱湦ǵףʱҲЩࡣЩ࣬б˶»µز

Ҷ͵ر㵽ֶԼŮĿ⣬ͻȻǿһ㣬Ͻػ·ˣҺѶ˸ϵҺΪѡ
һֱŹȥ·һ̾Ϣ㲻ԸңҲǿҶʼռǵǽá
л·¡
䲻ǽãȴסҿﳤͬԼŮһ޶
⺢ȷʵ˵ֱЩ֪ӣȻͬƽϡ˲֪ӳԿ
ҶϾ⻰˵öԣƫƫ˵ıŤԷ˵ÿֶϸȥƺֲԭ˼
˿Ҷ泣ֹ
Ҷʵ·˵ĳǸĻʹӲ
·˷ģ˼˵ңִ򲻹ңҲԲ˿οҲ򲻹ǻҼҿҿɲǣвҼҿġУҵʶһ¡
ٻˣҲһء
һ̧·˵Ķׯǿ˼֡
ЩˣһǸڸ
Σޱһ壬Ҽܻסңǻʲôˣɲֳ¾Ͷںˣ򲻻ԼŮ˶
֮͢ԼͼͼѾͷĶӣĸȥƺ󣬺ǸչŵӳŰƽ
Ůˣ˿
ȻˣҶˡ
·εȻ˵Լһת֮Ҷһۡһϧͬ飬ֱҶ̧ͷ
ҶҴɫǵСӡŮĴý㣬ȻʧˣЩ
ǲϲҲĴӦֲǡ
λɲǸ򵥵ˡΪӣϣҳֶԸǸеѾͷ֮

㲻ΪǵĽ֮ɣͨշ㣬Ȼѹҡ
⣿
룬һõģ񶾵ŮҲͰˣΪĶҲǸõġΪ𣿲˶Ŀ˵ǰˡ
ҶϾ־졣
ǡǡ㶼֪㻹һԸ㣬ô죿
ҲͲԸ̫ˡ㲻֪һˣʲôҲὫƵȫʬ
ҶϺ˼֣ʼԼղŵ
ǲˣͲӦøɫ
ûµģúܺáպ˵ʲôŪȥˣȲҪϣҲҪ롣
ãġ
ҶǰûкҶ˵֮͸Ϊû뵽Լ޽һ˵ȫˣҲʡպĸױá
ҶϰԼĿڣðŻ
ġǲ㡣
⻰˵ҶģҲ˵Լġ
֮ļ죬¡
·ԼԼúͶԷϸסϣԷԺҲҪ˽¼ĺá
һһգҳµϢ
ҳµһλչԱ֮λŴ˺ųԺѧӡܹҵĶݣ֮Գһɡ֪ʲôԭͬ˼϶ƺһޡ
Ŵ˵֮ƫԶɽˮ·;һ۳Ͷٰɽˮе;ɽ˱ɱ˸⡣
Ҷһ֪飬νɽ˲ķˣһʿ
ܳʵǰʱһ⡣
Ŵ͢٣Ƿʢɷáʹ۾ҲбԶһ鳼Ȼ˽ԽԱ;У۾ϣ
˷ָǣʮǰĺһҡǰδһңǰĳɴһңҲͬԭͬҽΪ
֤ɽݲ˵
ɽһйǧݿ𶥶֮ǰδ˻ΪصõĶٰıȫ˯Уҵʥּѡ
ʱҴϷİɽ߽һ˲ǰһջͷүɥ֮Ȯһ㱻ϳּҳȥҲδ⡣
ΧһȦȦ˵ʲôĶС
УǸյĹ
˵ˣʲôһǬһҲݰͷŮٺĸΡŴ˶õˣСТ˳ĸ̿࣬òװͷ˵ɱɱŴ˵ĸͻеķ˶ŹɥĲ񣡡
ͿǼûһöд󷿶ţҺЩˣһ˾ûмõġ
õҲУ˼Ϳ͸ˣǺҶףԼҡ
ɲǡҶ֮ǰ֣˻Т˳¡ҶǱұƵͶ·ˣȻһŮôܺҶס
һһٲȻһ˶Ϲ˾ү
үҲȺ֮УˣǸ˼¡ǰЩļˣֻʣҡ
ߵܣ㡭һҰ
߸磬ԺǶġ
ԣǶ߸ġ
үűѺˣ¡
Ҳû뵽һССľ֮ͣỻյ̥ǡǸĹˣⱲӶκˡ
ȻԶܿ˻
Ǹӡ
ˣĻᡣ
˶֪ԭʲôҿ϶ΪʱǸӣнյ³
˵ݺ˭뵽µĻ
ΪƣĪСΪ
ţϸϸضԼĶӡ

һҹϵ£˴󺰴˵Լԩ󷿵Ϸ˺ϵ˽Ǵӱץ𣬽ͷɢģյԡ
££ԩ
Ҫ£Ҫ
ѺνԪΪ׵ľһ˽ƾǺ˺Ҳᡣ
ʲôνԪϵһۣ۾ϣ˽ʿɱ͢٣֤ȷɱ׿ڶһǬ浱Լɱɱ˭ϧݰ࣬ľкü
ʷѺͣ˴ΡѺŮδ˵жЩĹӸһŵɫмˣо塣
δˣܲиá
ϵĻδ˵꣬νԪֱӻһá
ʲôЦ׿ڶİӣҸз㡣ǿԣҲңϾ¿ǳСµ֡ǻòͷˣŻΪЩȥֲڡ
۾ȺпϣܿܰǵˡԽǰߣԽʧû¶棬ܰǵĹҲû˳ͷ
ֹסĿ־壬еδˣȥ¹
¹ôνԪЦЦµ¹޹ְҲ޹ӣλ·ˣ
·ˣ·ˣ
и¼ˣǴ
û뵽˵¼˾Ȼ
һٷ׿
۷絶֮
ûλүϡ
νԪĵü󲽳ȥһһЦŷɥĺݽɫ
˭Ҳ֪˵ʲôֻνԪһʱ̧һʱ̧ҽţмüɫ֮УյľѸ
Խ
˵ȸˣ

Ҷ泽ĿұңۿЩȫѺš˵ǵѶնſຮ֮ء
ֺȥһҶңҶֿ˺ܾá޹֮ҶԼҶס
صʱ˵ѹ顣
һƿҵӳһͼ
ɢī˵ϥϣ¶棬˵ݺƣĵǵ˼ĮԾǺڰȻŻ
ͫеĻø
Ҷ泺ЩɣĪеʡ˵ɫɱ̫ǿֻѽеͶ
ͻȻüͷ΢壬ԼĽš
𣿡
е㡣
Ҷ泾ˡ
ʾ
ֶκĮѪһӦѪ⣬Ȳг˵ϲŭ֣Ҳͨ˵ʹԼڴ֮ǰҲδẰະۡܲסۣӦǺ۵İɣ
ü޳ָŽơ˵ĽŹֺк룬űϿɼ
һ˫ţ
Ҷǰ
ôۣ˵𣿡
ȥû޺۵ģҲûκεĺס
ҡͷ
ûˣҲû˽ţԵ޹ʵΪʲôۣ
Ҷ泰˰Ľģʣ·߶ˣ
ûȴҲûзϡ
Ǿˡ
ҶĵְλƷ⣬ȴҲǵڷ»㱨ӵв﹬ţҪææһҲ·
ˣνԪҲˣҪȻôνԪЩЬ档
Ȼ뵽ʲôɵؿǰˡʱðСҪִһ˵ɣȻˡһ˵˭˵ģˡ
Ȼ㱸ЩʵЬ棿
š
ǡ
νԪǸǰ԰ɵЬ棬ԼŤ˵ôһȦӾΪ˼˫Ь档

ѵЩþ
ǡ
Σ


92 
¹
ĵԺ,˷ƺûбӳֻǻԺﲢδסˡ
Ժ˲࣬š
·˼ɫҴ,еԺǰʱͣһᡣȣ££޽,½ߡ·е鷿ǰСͨĹ,С˳ػ,˵ǹүȥ
׵Ҳ,Ȼǿ޹
żľ,ǿ糣ģ,ճյؿ¹еĹװŮ,ۿžҪԾȻֽϡ
ģűʹ־װ·ǡôϡһ,ĬĬȴ¹ꡣ
ѰŮӼԼķΪŮ,˵Ǵ󳳴֣ҲԴһһζ˾ռߡ
£¹¶̬
λǷ绪޶ĵһӣҲ˴ĺ֮ꡣң뵱Ӣ˲ʱ,εȵ֥
·˾ؿعֽϵŮ,רעŮӵüۡ˺ֵü,Ц,һʻ
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Ϊҵ£
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˵⣬Ȼӯӯ¡
ã
¹ͫŭ˵ΪΪʱȥǰΪ˵顣
Ǹġ
ﲻŮɡ
ү·˲ᡣԴ޽ү͸档ЩլһյΪľǱүҳ£ռŹ˵λã»͹Ĩڡ
¹еĸ֮ɫȥ㱾޴ˡ
үĺã֪Ⱳܼ޽ڹүѾˡ
ˣҪ롣ҽɱ͢٣ʵ۾޿⡣ĴһȥǣЩɡ
лү·ĨᣬŹүЩЪϢ
¹һͷᴵϵī
·˳ԺӣϵĿ֮ɫȥҰҹɫУԺĵƻʱһĨ졣
յԼס˵Ǳ롣Ƶغһ裬ֳ˼ĺųš
Ϸ˳ſڡ
ⶼʲôʱˣô
ʲôµˡϸֻص
ҿûˡ
ҳ£Ϸ˱˭𾪣Ҳ˭ŭǧѡٶѡһףû뵽˾ȻġǰЩҲͰˣ󲻹һƶʵŮ˻£ֳȥǡⳡ¶ͷҶˡ
˵˵ôңЩ˿ɶǹų켺ҲˣΪҪ˼š˵Ŵ˵ĸͻеķ˶ûŹɥĲ˵ϡ᲻ᡭ
仰Ϸûʳ
¡
ĪЩľʱ͵һ̧ͷȻ·վſڶЦŵЩɢҲŶ
㡭ôҲ
ϱĸҳ·˵Ļһǰϸ
ʲôҵģϷŵòᣬֻ֮ŭ졣ұǱӦǰװ
ĸ˵ǣȷʵ˱Ӧϱԭ۹Ը¼Ҹű˳ЦϱԸá
Ϸ⻰ӶֱһЩ
ͻȻôˣҪ߿һۡ
¼Ҳǵȱ֮ˣ˵ЩŻ˵Ļ
ĸƣϱмүҲô˵ģ˵Щºϱ޹أϱڹ
ϷĿһ£˵ıơ
ϣ
ٶ壬Ȼʱ㡣͢Ϊ͢ԺҲƹܸʹ˽Ĺܼ֮Ȩ
·˵Ӧˣ鶼ûС
ԽˣϷ˵Խûû䡣
֮Ϸ˷ĥ£ԽԽǾòһ˵Ŀ־塣
˵ҵЩֶΣ֪֪
ϸɫˣϷˣָ
ϷͻȻŶӣʹ
ϷˣϷôˣ
죬ȥүȥϱ
˵Σͷʱ侲
Ϸ˴ûʱĹĴ㡣Ǳʶε˳ԼĳӣȻжӺͶϱ
һ֮󣬴¹ȵ
˵Ϸ˿ǳԻ˶ӣҲǲͷ
ķȻǾϸޱȣֲǳ˲ɾĶϷ֮ԶʹĿǲ̫
ˣʱ
ϷˣԽղ롣
Ҷ泷ϵʱˡ̫̫ѾȹҩӲˣȴеģɫҲ̫ÿһ̫̫ۿɼ࣬ͷϵ˿ƺ˺ü
Ҷϸ˵̫̫ǲȶˣ뵽ŵ˲ζǲζŨֲû鲻ܲ
̫̫ǾӹҲסҲǲ뿴¹ȥֻҶһ¡
ʱżƬΣôͶˣϷ˾öΪԼҲɲ뵣һ̰ȥ顣
ϸҲͣǼƬū澻ʹ˵ģ˵û£ôأ
ҶüʣһһżƬ
ҲƬ˲ȣū澻ϸֻص
ƬôôŨ˲ζ
Ҷ˼ʱ䴫·˵ӦԼġ
ǰעĸ׵ʳЩδЩĸҲ֪˭ѧģζб仯˵˼أĸ׺ǲãĳͳԻ˶ӡ
ⲻĴ
˵⻰¹
ϷɫԽѿҶһۡ
Ҷú̫̫ƽϣԼ
ĸӹӲʣ˵Ӧð
Ϸһͻͻ˵ĲָͷͻȻһסҶ泵ֲ֣֪ô˵
Ҷ֪ںʲôЩӡ̫̫ӣʱϲʱ־е
˵ЩֶΣδز֪ĸԺСЩܲһһ
治˵ģϾ̫̫顣
Ϸ˱ֻţֲ˵±Ҷ泵ƣȻֲ²õ֤ľ¡
㡭㡭ǲ֪ʲô⺢ӿɱ˵ĸ
ĸá
һ뵽Ǹ˷ҪɱԼĴŮϷͫ׶ˡˣ̳ܽŮʲôö
˳ȥ
ٶ
ĸףĸףôˣ¹üõؿҶ泡ǲǺĸ˵ʲô
Ҷû뵽̫̫Ҳû뵽̫̫Ằݵ·ˣ̫̫СΪϣĳ̫̫ô򵥴ֱһҪ·ˡ
ӵİŲ裬κһĶܽܵ¡̫̫ˣ⻰ʲô˼ѵʲô˼ңᣬ˭֪ûѧ˵ЩֶΣ
·ɫף۵ί
үðɡ
ͻȻ˶·ˡ
ò˵·в
¼뱻˴żҲʱ·ˡο·˻лǱ׶֮͢
֮͢Ҳˣһ¹ϷǲҶ˵ʲôʱƵĿҲҶߣ
ã㷽źĸ˵ʲôˣ
ң
һԲվҶߣ䱣̬Զ
֮͢ؿһϣ˫ȭս
С񴦴õܣǹӣֹһ뽫ľλøõܡ
ĸֻ̣һֱ̡
ΪԼѹԷһͷû뵽󷽣ʵʵΪˣڹ뷿֮ҲſļӸ߸ϡ
ݣǹүӲ˵ҪСҲӦǶޱ𾴡ɲ˵ݣҲŭԹޡ
ʱǰһɨ˿¡һֱּģֱ޵ݡѿǣ˵Ǿ仰
˵һȿѷһû뵽һһȴš֪ãǼ޸Ҳȼǿ
ֱǸ֪߳ܵļˣ
ѵǼ˲õȾҺҲ岻Ȼô˵Ļ
¶ǿ
÷ľҲΪַ˷ܡ
Ҳ㣬㡣ŮˣɡϾ㵱ֹһǰŪɫ࡭
δ˵꣬˷˳ȥײϣȻصڵءӶײײоԼԽڻζ
㡭
һŲĿڣ絶ҡ


93 
ɷһŭ,ɷ硣
һδڣҲδ,˻ݺɱ֮ɫһ䣬䵽ս,˻ɢ
֮͢һѪ·˵ļ쳹ݶ
ŷӦ,Ϸ˺,ȴͦûιȥǰ۵׵ľ۽֯һ
Ĵ,СһƤ,ȴ,ҶֵľȻĶӡĿ,˶ɷ֪ŴӺζ
ˣǸɷ
,磡
磿
üԽ,˫û¶ȵؿ¹һۡ¹һۿľѣһҲ˵
·ʧ󺰣͢͢,򣡡
㡭ſ,ҪˡϷ˵Ų,Ҳ϶
ȥ,ҡ
Ѫ֮͢,ûҵĻϣһΣֱȥ
˵꣬ݵƽš
֮͢³һѪ˹ȥŵ·˺Ϸ뾪СϱŸǰһһۡ
磬ΪʲôҪĶ֣·ĺҲڲزס˱ޱ
ˡ
˳㡭㻹ûģ
˵ˣһξ顣Ӧҽ첻ɱˣվļա
ʲô
Ϸʲôн첻ɱˣɱɱˣԼҲĲ˶ϰѹʲôط˾λе̳ߵͬʱҲһ˵ˣ͢Ӧǣ
ôѪ͢жۡ
·ԼģѪӡӡ˵ѵʵǰȷʵв֮ΪĴ磬Ҳ㱻ۡ
ʹ˵˵ǰŪɫ࣬᲻󲮻᲻Ҷ泴϶ԷĻ
ұ죡Ϸ˺޺޵صҶ泡粻˵ѣǰҲͰˣղΪβֵܹУˣ
Ҷ泶̫̫ûʲô飬ҲԼ̫̫ദʱϷģĻٻǻе㲻
ŴʱƵϱԼ¡˼ϱأͬģˡ
ĸҹţһ·ĲѣΨĸʲô¡ԭǷ˼ҵˣǹ²Ӧ鷳ǲǡοĸмѶϱΪصĳΪҪǽйѵǹı棡ֲǼûţװȻˣ߱ǣպ£ĸĪҪǡ
㡭ﻹû𳤣Ϸ÷Ҷƽ˵ֱҲͰˣʲôΣһϽͼֱǲ֪ء˵һ䣬ʮң㡭ôôᶯŭ
ҵӣҪ˸Ǹʲôˡ
磬ˣ
ҹˣˡ
ϷԣĿһǲҿ۾ԭϵĸҲˡ
˭̵ģ
ȥ꣬ܲǱ½̵ġ
㡭Тģҿ׵ĸ
֮͢ĸ
һ仰Ϸ˺һ˿˿ʹȻе飬鵽Ҳκλȥ仰
ǰص͢δӷϡ
ܹ
Ҫ־͹ֳ̫̫ĳӽʮ꣬С¡ϲҲǴų⡣
¹Ŀʹӵؿӳĸףӣʮɡ
һˣǹס
ߣ

Խѵ˼ϾиףֲĴ󲮽Ϊ˴¡Ӳ̸֮пУúý̵ԼĶӣʡ˳Цûе
¹۵ʹģ˵ΡǵҶʱȴԵĲϲǴ
Ҷ泼ֱҲֵܹͷϡ
֮͢Լû֪򲻹֪ƣķרŮ֣ñ˴
ǲΪ֮£ֶϱ𣿡
¹ûлش𣬱˵һС
ǿЦ֮͢ҼҿļѾãңʵÿѿΪֵܣȴ֪ӴûаյܵܣͲÿ
㡭˵·˴󺰡͢ǶТ˳˵ĪҪԼ֮Ĵˡ
ûк˵Ͼ뷨Ĳֹ֮͢һˣ±ΪСĸһɵһɵЦǣ󲮻Ϊһһ֪ǫãȻֹһ뽫λ벻֪ΪǣǸʹ޿
ˣ¹ȵ
˵ˣҵ˵ģοĶʵֻ㿴ѡ
㡭𣿡
󲮣ԼĶӶû̺ãй̱˵ĶӡҶ泰Ҳ¹ӡΪһɺҲĹʲôӡĪ˵ǱԵңǱСС硣һ˫ŮŮ˷財ƽӹܡ˵䲻ĻǹҪʲôҫԻͣôܱסϮľλ
ⷬһ˶ˡ
ǿҶ泣ֿ
ߣʡﰭһ˵ۡ
һ
ȻͷϷһЦ
ǰ˵ĸĺŮջ仰ˣһһĸһУΪȢһöϱȴ֪ҡ֣ʱ˼ҺΪ֮
˵ף
Ϸ˲·˵Ķ֣̫̫ƾʵʾǸɵסϣɵܾһأĪҪٵ˻Ըͷ
߸ճãŴ͵ˡ
ȵߵеԶˣǱ
ŴǷ⡣
ҶȥĴ֣Ƶůֲڵĺ롣
̫̫Ǹ಻ģ浱ϲֺǿĸķϣĹ˭ˣʡ÷ġպˣʲôϵ
˽֣Сﵶ춹ġ˵Ķ˵ˣҲˣȴδػ顣
޹֮ˣ
˵ҲǡҶСĹ۲ɫ˵̫̫֮͢ĸǾ仰ɼġ
εоС
ʱȷʵ
Сʱ֪Լǵʱͣ¶СּΪ롣
ʱ֮ܳ͢衣
¹Լ˵˼仰ǵ֮͢ż˶Էڻǵã˵ʲôԼһι˵ʲôжԶԶ
СͲϲ˵ֵܶľڡ̼ǵ֮͢ʹһٺ޵춯أϷֲı顣
ˣûС
ҲԹԹϷˣԹ¹·ȷʵαҲʶ˲塣һѾĻһŵԣϲ·ˣҲ֮͢еһж᲻һ
ͽ㲻Թˡ
޹֮ˣǡ
ģҲûκεҶĪеۡʲôˣ˭Ǵ޵ӤģҲһҹ֮˾ܳˡ˵Сʱ׵һѹ
һäϹõһжǻá̫̫ڶûϾĿһӵպ޵ʱ򡣻Ǹ٣һװģҶ¡ЩʲôģһΪǡԺǣǿధҲҪᡣ
ס۵׵
СǲӦװøһЩ
ǹºĮ֮ˣδйʧӡĲƽĮȻǶһ˵
Ҷ泷·Լļͬˮɽ壬֮Īʪ⣬ۿҲ΢΢졣
ԭ˲飬ǵõ̫١
ȥס㻹ңǵĺӣǲ׵һˡ
ɫӿ
һޣҲŮԼļˡ
Ҷ泻͵ҸжţȻء˻һȻоƺ˶ԼĽš
Żۣ
Ǹ
Ϊ˲ھǰǷ˺һࡣǺò׽Ь¸ȥˣѵ˷ˣ뾾²ɣ
ھǲھģ־һޣԲϺԼȥΪ˺Լþȥ
һŬһӣȻŮ첻ЬҲɡһãԺĿȫˣҸһӵĿá
ԶдˣҪЬʲô
۰Ͱ͵ţСģжϡ
˹ɫ
һﹻҪ
ò𣿡Ҷؿڲ˲䣬ͬԼʹɱﵡ
ţǿ޸
ǿѹŷӿа𣬴ַķϡ
СŮȷʵУ幤ǲҲ̶ãЬȷʵᡣȻ߻µӣ˫ЬΪѡ
ˣþͿá
ã˵һ֡
Ҷü䣬Сʪʪشȥһڡ
ʵͦúġ


94 
֮͢˲ƶ,㽫õƫһںҩȥ¶á
¹ڵ֪ȷʵû֮Ǻ뿪Ϸ˺·ϱûߡҹʱϷʵǰס,Ҳȥ˯ˡ
ҹŵ죬Ҫһ,Ҳ뽫Ϥ³·˿˯Ȼʹ֮ɫĶӣȫǺ⡣
ЩΪúܺ,,˴º޾ϸ⴦άҫТ˳ĸլ,˶ʮĻǺԹԡ
Ů,м
ҹҹؿշ,֪ĶǱ,ԴףҪʱʱԼķͱ˵顣
֣۵ظŶӵΪʲôЩô,ͷһ˵ļ
,ҪҪɱң֮͢ţͷ˹
͢͢£,⡣
ֻ֮͢ɢ˽࣬סĸ׵·,,Ҫɱ,Ҫ,ң
֪֪·˼Цһ͢£ﲻٶġ
ɱңǶˣһײϵɷֳȻ͵ĸǰ֡Ǳǣ϶֣õȥǰԣТ㩣Ŀ𳤣
·˽Ŷӵ֣ˣһáǸΪ谮Ī˵ǲһǲΰٱҲá
͢ﲻǽ̹㣬ܷʲô¶ҪţҪšСҴıεҲǸһѵ
û˵ǸǰŪɫࡣҽ˵ĻǼҵˡǺ𣿲Ϊ˿ɱȢôһˣҲӶˡ֮͢ţĪ˷ܡʹʹ콻һɵû
֪ƲĻɫúܺáٿǸˣҲӦǰἰȻǸˣôǷޡյĲ˵ʲôӣ𡣡
֮͢ŤŷԼá
֪뵽ʲôݺر
أ
·ҲǱô£ſǵûۿŶĸˣǱһ㶯ҲûС
Ƥ˯ˡ
ǸˣȻ˯ţ֮͢Ťֺ⡣ӵľȻ涼¶
˲ͲŮˣҪã
嶶ţײԴѣͬһ㡣Ѿۡһ˳
·˶ܲϱࡣḯζҩζжšһ¼ҩιҩ֮һƬҹ⡣
¹ֺȹҩ֮͢ٴ˯ȥ
էʱ·˲ųƫ
ãﾡһƬ䡣
ʱһƬڰϢ޴ڡ¯һҹδϨĵذ˯еˡ
Ϸ˯òȣʹˣǼѪȣҲܲô̼ӱ߷ɵһĻԺ˯ǰ˺üľ
˯ص˶ʮǰǰһˡϲĳ٣Ա߷ϼŮȢŵĶϱӵͷֻһʵĶǰա
˭
оĪŬ뿴ģ
ǰͳ
ԸԼѡĶϱһ֪µĹôλĿ˵Ĺ¡
ǰһģԽ뿴Խǿǻεۻ⣬ʲôҲ½ԽǿԽ뿴
Ȼ̧ͷһһ¶ɭɭ

ţ˹
ϸ˴ǰ
ϷˣϷˡ
ϷµۣǰʲôŴ¶ͷеֻϸŵǵ
þûز
ң
Ҷ˵ңָϣ
͢ˣ
үҹѹһأ˯š
Ϸ˾Ǿͺá
ܿʲôԭͲ̫ÿɫȥǱûʣ
ϸҡͷ
Ϸһϣ
ܵܵİѸˣһ֮ȻŲʡ͢öԣҲûĵ
ǸҶϣƽȻز̫ã˵Ҳ֪ί񣬵ڻ㶮¡û뵽ؼʱҲǸģȻ֪
ǲãʡҿġһǲµģ֮ǰҶǸõġĳ뿴ûʲô۵˵ǻŪǷǣֵܷ͢ĿǱҷǵúúýѵһٲɣ
ϸֹ뻹ǿڡӦҲܣ˭˵ҲܲסǿֻѰĶС
Ůڣ˵ǰŪɫ˭ܵˡɷֻΨһϴ塣
һӹ⣬ֲ˵Լ±˵ˣϷϻӲţʵ˼
Ϸ˵ģҲͰˡӣǴӡǲƽϵˣԼĴָűһͨ裬ﲻ֪жܡ
ˣû͢ʲôˣ˵ʲôҲĺŮҿǻҾûһյİãʡҿķбԺ󶼱Ҷ徲ˣ
ǾԴϸֲ˵ʲô
Ϸŭδɫʼղ̫ÿ
ʰ׵뵽ʲô˼䡣
𣿡
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ϸæߵġ
˾ͺá
Ϸһ뵽ĸ֣ĵĲһ뵽ǸͷǾмľ
ϻҶ˵Ҳʲôö
ߡ

ҶʱͷͲֹ۾֮еû谭űϤϢۡ
µʱѽ˲͸˽ҵ⣬͸Ҷǵ㡣
̫飬
ǲŵһ졣
ű˿˿⼫ΪʣǴҹ͹ǱҲãòöŴ̫ȥ
һҵɵɵĻ˴ӴԺ󻥲ֲԿ
žԼ㱼ñࡣ޵ղޣüɫ侹ǶһҲ˵ζ
ĸԵĹԣǰ
ĥţˡ
ôȵ죬˻װһ˿ùķɫԺص·ı͸żУǿҶ֮۵ԼЦ⡣
˯ÿɺã
˯ˡ
ҶӼɫصϵġ
ǱƤڵģڱԱһֱš䲻ǰȴǡôˬ
˳һ飬á
ҹ£Ҷ˵ˡ
Ҷ΢
Ŀⲻرܣ۵һֱЦ⡣
˵ߡ
䣬Ҷ⡣Ȼô̹ϣԼҲûʲôġοʲôģʲô£֪顣
ֻҪ˭Ҳ
˿ǾӦֹ
ΪһŮ˴ԼֳȥɲʲôȻ°˳ǴȥģΪҪӡ
Ц⽥᣿Ůӳ޴ӷ򣬿δ֮Уſǲصʱûںĵ˼ӣ
ѵǣҵʱӦٶˡҶҲЦˣ֪Ǹ˼ģȥô̰ࡣ⻰ĪҲἸ֣
ŵôԣü۶ʱʻ·մˮĿݲݣ˲˲һ鶯
ʱڹΪ֣ҲǰڼӡʱףͼڹﴦСġȻǵ֮ˣͼŵ¡´ϻۻ˵ܽЩΣ⣬ɵЩ
ǵԼһʵźЩ˵ָɣغݺ˵ĴŮԴԺڹ֮
ԵźԣֻСƽ
ҲУʱܺ˶䡣ˣ˻ᱻ˵Ϊϲ𡣡
Ҳᡣ
᣿ȢˣҲˡ˵ţ۵׻Ȼǵõ˵ȵһǶˣ;ͽȥԶΡߵԵȥĮճȥϺ䡣˵ЩʱЦȴޱȵź
֪ˣΪ֪Լʱ޶ࡣ
ٺµ֪ԼСӡ
ƫƫǸʱ򣬾ȻǵӶĵ¡ǶԶĵŮһԭ£һҪԼǹġ
ǡ
˵ĶˣϴϴãὫͣ
ˣҲ֪ܻ꣬ûܺúɵµи
Щ꾡ľѾˣ˻ҪΣ˽иԵ̫Լ볤Ȫ֪Ӧǻϲοġ
˴ʱˡ
ѵδɵԸ
Ҷţ׷ʡ
һ̧ǰʹΪԲʱӦʲôʱ򣿿˵ӹͣŮٻáҵȲˡ
Ȳʲô
Ҷ΢мһ֣ȥʱ־ҲԽĥϲ𣬵ܱĳҾȵʮ֮󡣡
˵ļǡֳһ˿ӡµҲЩһѵȴʦ֮Ъ˼
ʲôĽѵ
Ҷ˼ת
Щ˵ʲôѱ
ûлش𣬶һ̾Ϣ


95 
ˡ
ҴӦҪش,ĪҪʡ
Ҳ֪𣿡
ǡһжΪ˿
ʲôİѱΪҲҪţ
Ҷ泴ǰ;Щط˵ͨͳϻڳ,ĻıӣһһλԽŮһ,ν˻ĬĬףԳԸŹǶŮΪ
ΪʲôΪ
Ϊ,ӦøҪڶ
ȵЩΪ֮ʱų𣿡
,ڣ
һ̾Ϣ²δָʾ
½ʱ,ôĲΪ⡣ҲΪĲ,һ,˵ĺǸΪ֮ʱݺݸһȭ,ǸеƶЦӴѡ
Ҳʱ֪ʵǺ޵ġ
ֲò,ԭδ˵,֪õ¼ɵһС¡ռʦ֮ͨ¹ؿıǺйء
ЩյµķԸԹһвǣм尾ֻԼ֪涼ڴǸͻʱ𿾡
ҶԽԽ,޷ⳤİš
ʦͳ˵ʲô
ѵ
ߺĥ,ֱ
ƿ,һȷ,ȷܿʧڵС̧ͷȥ,ӳ˱ֱ޳ȡ
ȿ泤ͷ
ɫĹѥÿһǲϡԭеûжôŶԷһԼ
ܿǰǰһ档
԰ˣ
Щ߶ãϲš
Źȥʱǡÿˡ
ôûп
԰Ʒַ࣬ʱҲҶǰղȥҲҪȵº
֪ǣΪ԰ܣһòеģҲģġ
泤ǿϣվºѿ塣ֺãǳٸߵ棬ҲܹһĿȻ
ˮϴƤ޺ˡ׹ģһˮ׵⡣Ҷ泲һ飬ͣȻܿ
ιʲôͳʲô컹֪ˣ
ͻȻҶ뵽ʲô͵Цǵһ԰棬ʱһ죬˵治ֳܷԣֳз֮⡣
˲ϳԣº룿
棬һʱòҲ
԰һձһö࣬ȵ԰ƮʱѾת¶Ե֭ˮӯ棬ϲԵࡣ
ڼҶҲûȥǱҲû֮䣬·ĳ˸н˵ߣϲĴǱߵ벻֪ѡ
֮͢˵ϢǱţҲû͸һֱˣǷˮ¥̨ȵ£˻̺ÿ뷼һ𣬾ȫ˼档ҲǸݵģɴŲʡ
ϷҲã¹·Ҳãƺǰûκβ֮ͬѹ֣ǽܸӦõ
ǹЩѾʼʡ
ҶʹȻ˲ϲ£Ϊһֱǡ̲Ӳ
ǰ¹ȥ֮󣬹һ糣ʲôҲûиı䣬֮֮͢λһû˹ֻӣ˭֪ζʲôζһӹȥ֮󣬾λҲ֮ȥ
ʱݵıֿҫȥĸоһԼá
ò˵ʵǺݡ

Ҷ泻˼ҶңΪĶҶõĻ¡
ҶúνԪһգϲδϳȥǵĽȻͣڽĴ⡣˵УһϲҶýμſʯʨ
һʱ֮䣬˻Ȼ
νϲȲʡ
ɮ˵Ļμû浱ʯʨʱ𺳺ڴ޷˵塣δز棬μҵô˼ϱ˵ܻԻҫ
ȲУҶޱʯʨָֻģλϲǰϲΣϲٴֱ̧ǰνԪլӡ
һҹ֮䣬ҶŮٴγΪ˿е̸ʡ
Ҷ泵ʹ󵨣ҶõԽͨ黭ҲѰǰ֪ȴ˺Ե
ʥǲ˵νԪǱ¸ǰĺˡλһɷ֮һж֮ƣûȫҶҵŮ
Ҷ¶˷ͷм¹ơ
ҶһգҶ泺Ҷҡ
һ˸Ƿ˲裬ҶĸҶϼ񲢸¡ҶĸһҶ⴩Ľ¡
·Ҳյ
νԪ£ҲǿҶĸ·ϸ£ֿҶ·ʽ幤¡ҶĸҶĻŭţҶϸǽԪԪ̵ؽеС
νԪûҶҲ䷹һסֹ߻ҶĸҶ϶չмӡ˵ӣûĹֵҶĸҶϵĻġ
Ů˭ϲϲһονԪĳֳĻģһЦľѣžϲ
һĮ˭Ҳ֪ʲô
Ҷȴ֪ģֲˬˡûವģƵֱνԪ
νԪʲôˣܸоҶ泿ǹģ԰ڸչʾԼԵ
ɵڱž˴֪
ǡ
ˡ
ھȥɡ
ǲġ
˽˵ʱ⼸չΡʵʣ˿ź˵С֪͡
ηˣʲô·ԸȥɣԼΪЬ·£ȥҪľͳץȫָӡ׻˵ץСǽ˼һζϸ֦ĩϣЩβ֡
Ь治µģҲʲôѹĻҶ֪ԼºǸж
ҶµĶӣԼһۡŮһ㣬οǸ߸÷Ь棬תͷ֪ˡ֪ҵģŮ㻹Ь涼áͬΪãôң
ҶСһףû뵽
㣬ǽǲ˵ˣ
˵û˵ǡҶ̾һҲͻݡ
ǡԺЬˣҡʲô
ǲΪǲͨרҲǸԼǿԸǸõİšһҲʡˣõĶҲϸ˵ǲǣ
Ҷ͵ͷ
ͺ˴㡣
ö˵ʱνԪΪҶĸɻ·нڻҶĸһ·һνԪǺһͨ佱ҶĸüЦϵӶЦ˻
һЦһ塣
һվ¡
ͱ׽Ҳ̫ҿǵƤҶҲνԪ˹ȥˡ
ÿүȻˡ
Ҷ泿ģĪЩЦƽεȰ磬û뵽Ҳн졣
ȥˣԺûɵЬˡ
Ŀ
ûн⣬ǿЩ˵
ҶգգۣûЬ棬㻹пá
ԻӮŶ


96 
νԪҶҷԴ,ȥòˮǿرʱЦ
Сеĳ,׵һСӡС޲,
û뵽СҲн졣
ţͻȻоһ
ٴοȥʱ,ֻҶ泲֪˵Щʲôû߿һ,Ī̸֪Լ
³ĪӸĺ״ǲȽĸĸĻģСﲻʹ죿
ǵϢ
һΪ
Ҳб³켵ʵһ,붼ġ
,Խ⡣
ô,³Сǰüһءһ뵽պֻҪǻҶ,ԼǸܳһ۽ǶǲزסЦ⡣
Ҷĸĸߣͬдաֺ˼,ˮҲŵʮָ˼ǰŮž,ҲϲŮֺáþû˾˹ʱʱˬʴЦ
ҶϱЩŮǰҲҶ˵νԪͲһˡЦ¶߾ѵĶŮ,ԽԽ⡣
νԪʱʱ߿԰ڵͼ̫ԡ
ҶЩ,ĬĬΪλ÷ظԼ,ѵ֪ʲô
һ,һĥ,զզɡԸǵ£Լﻹһమĺýá
ӣһһֱޱ飬ҲΪҲνԪ֮ǰü۹˾
νԪ֮࣬ЩûסתһĻѵãҲʱ³Сӳܹί
ţԽ
Ȼ죬Цˡ
ƹܵǾ˾ְ̨ͨڡƫƫطĵ̣ͻȻ֮ޱȷæ
һæˮĹûУƤĥˡ
ǣΪ׼ЬԶġС˵ԼŮ첻ãЬò
һ⻰³ӦԼǸ̵Ĵ˵ʲôӵȵϴһǧӡ
Ьûˣæݡ
ʵ޿̨̣ͨˡ
³죬Сǲǹ˽𣿡
ˡ
˽ô¡
̨֣ͨ߸ߵס֮ϵļ̨ѱ꣬ȵۼݱ֮һֱ
ʢٲʢǾģǿ
һΣ֪ԼսǻΪһ֮£֮ϵôܹ˽Ϊǹ
νԪ⸱ĮȻӣֱһСԶ⸱ӣƫƫִ򲻹ǿ
æ㿴𣿡
λıְѵ쾭𣿡
ûΪʲôæȴôУ
ƾǶʷ
ٴһѹˡ
νԪһƨ̨ϣ㻹˵ǹ˽ҿǼҡұĸĸأǷ޶
һЩǷ޶ѵǾͲ𣿡
ֱЦ
ҲжһҲ֪׿һˣӺɷ򣬾ȻŮ˸״ҿĻҼġ
俴ֱ⡣
Ȼɲ¡
㿴£ĴǿġҲǰ԰һɵЬ棬С𣿡
ڡ
俴
е顣
ϣǹ԰ڣΣ
ģһСӲЬ棬һ߻ڹѹķһһͣһԡ
ͿĸҼԺ󲻻Ьˣ㿪˰ɡ
ǵ£Һθɣ
һ䣬ˡ
ת֮ʣʶԼС˵ҪһӿãһԪʲôȡ

еϢҶһҲ⡣ǹϲţϷΪλһһݵģ
˱ǰҶ泵ȻðšһҶ泵ĶӣϵĲ֮ɫ˼֡
Ҷһ̥ŮѴ
µĶӣװҲܿóΪ̫̫ɫãΪŮЩҲЩ
Ϸ֮Բ̫ˣǳΪﻳŮµĶӣȻųֻµĶӲ
̥֮ˣЩԻ
һ̥·ݲʵＫ
ϻǰУһִٳɣȻʲô뷨ǿǰУԽˡƫƫ͢˽ǸҪļˣԽ޹⡣
ûʿҲûȥ͢ʵԼĴ𰸡ʵǶµҲ֪ôľ˹
ŵ˲䣬ʵеڵġ
Ҳ㣬ǲⱲӶȥˣ
˵Һ˼ұûйϵֻǿĸҾԸТ˳ʵƫ̫ؿҲپ
֪֪⻰Ǵȥ˻˵㣿
ǰ˵ʲô˵ʲôҵҲá˵ǵģֲһ⣬αΪһЩɵ˺Ͳɵ£ΪԼ
Ϸֱ˶òТĻ˾Ȼ˳̨¡
㡭Ҫң
ĸԲܣкöӺöϱкôܿҪˣʵǲҪΪЩΪԼ
һＸ֣Ϸ˵ɫˡ
㡭˵һ䣬ʮҡҽ컹ǲаĸһܽѵˡ
ܽѵϱϴ
Ҷ̫̫˵˵ãűǡڵѵģԽϷĿۡ
˶
ǻɴǰϷĪ˵СƽˣҲûиӡ
ֶ£˵ί
ӹѹ֣ǳԲҲ˯áԲҳԣٳԻ˶ӡһ뵽£˯šǰǧõĴӣȻһѾͷ˻һ𣬶ҾƤӵ¡
ϰѹܼ֮Ȩȴû뵽һʲôܡ˴඼ϵˣһвڵġҲǸˣɱӺﳷ˲ˣԽŪԹصܼ֮ȨϽģܵǺǻ˵»
һﻹӡ뷢ɧҲˡʵڱ÷ƣҲ
˶һҲ֪˼ҡ
ɫһʱһʱףҶ泡
Ҷ°̫̫ôһЩϱҲǾίƾʲôӣôƫġǲ֮͢ҲͰˣƫƫһһأ֮͢һȵϿ
ǵĴ磬ֱ
˵ˣҲŲҪ硣ԸҵǸҾԭĸҲ˵ûһһ˵ˣѵ֪ӿڳĵѵԼԼеʲôģ㿴ڳʲôˣҶϡ˵
⻰Ϸ˺
ȷʵʧˡ
ǵԼһֱ۰ΪĵճĻ˵ûű˵˵
㻹ϡ˵㻰ࡣ
Ҿǻ࣬ҲϣԼҪ¡ȻҾͲǰ˵Щ滰ʡңҺοգ
Щ滰ǻ룬ҿҡ
ҲŲҰͲꡣԽãԽܿߵĶЩʲôˣٵúͿһӣûЩ˵Ŀ
ǰһ仰࣬˵ʲôϷֱԽˡ
ͻȻͷ
ϱҲ֪ЩӦ˵ϱﲻϱԸ俤Ҳ뿴ƭңż
Ϸ˱һޣֵһֲ
ˣʵûʲôӡ
ˣһĸģѵҪͬԼСϾ
ˣˣʲô֪ĻĸˡˣˣԺЩˡ
ģҶؿһ̫ŵӡ
һƭ㲻ɣ
̫ˣϱ֪ĸõĸ
̫̫ǺܺúģΪú鷳ΪԺúãҲͬܽá
Ϸ˺һɫ׻ˡ
Ҷֺһˣܽ˺áһϷ˲ɫÿˣЦҲ˼֡
һ˷ڡϷ뿪ʱһɨʱüۼȫЦ⡣
صЦˡŹصĴţͻȻԼĽŲôĳأƽһβؼҡ
ϸ˵𣿡
һͷ
ϸֲһش𣬡ū澲֪
ң¼ҵˣ
Ϸˣɱģк⣬Ҳܹ
Ϸԣһ̾Ϣ


97 
δ,ԺﴫĶǷģѵģʱʱָ֮͢ġ
Ϸһ,ŲҲſ˼֡
֮͢˶գѾ,ȴһֱԼԺӵ¡̫̫ӣ²ϲӺһѾͷ,ǿڴ˵ķһֱһֻ۱һֻۡ
ֻȻϲ,ȷʵǶԴӸеʧǰãռԽôʵЩáǸϲĶ,ʵǲеࡣ
ûĸԸ,οҪǿˡʵڿ,Ҳ̲סȥҶ泡
Ǳ߸滺һЩ,һֶġ
㻳Уչˣŵٸһ,û뵽㾹ȻļӦ֪,ձү鵱գ˿ǵһڱ͵ɹ㸹̥סү÷ںεأ
Ϸ⣬ǽһ
һģʲô£
ʲôǲ֪͢𣿡
ˣ
¶Ц,ĸһȦҲͰˣԼõһ߷,ڴϿ캰ء
ĸá㲻Ϸŵ,޽û,ѽ˿͸,ĸǿʵǸûõġ֮գĸɷﻳĲӵĶӣҲ˵ġȴ˵Ҫ̧檣˵⻰ɲЦ
˵׵ģ׵ġ֮͢ƺôȥѹ档ҵҪүô̵Ůĵ²֪Ҳ֪֪ܶ
͢Ϸ˴һؿͻͻۡ
լ֮£˲͡ޣɷûΪһִͨĵ˳ȥǾһ޵
Ȼ֮߳͢ŭСܳ裬ΨҶӡǫ֮ʵͲһƽ׽֮ˣҲһ֮ˡ߰ϲ񷼶СŮӡ
ĸùүѵ̧һҵȨû𣿡
Щпٳֵ֣ĵ
ҵĺӣӦһ֡
ԣǷЦ
ĸϱʣʵĸ׿ڿ˵ͬǰԺһС˲岻¹عѪܴ⣿
ľҵĹ⣬ڿġ֮͢˵üΪ𺣬һ˫ۺ޲մĶӡµĶӣȻȷµĶӻҪ
֮ҹΪ֤ڱĶӣ̫ҽ˵ˣԻ࣬˲̫ԣЩ׼ġ
ϷɫѿҲΪӡûлɹֲԸȥ¡
ЩԻ࣬ȷʵ˵ĶӴ˲Ի࣬ǿҲ̫ƾЩȷʵ˵ʲô
ǡ
أûȥˣ
ӻش˵˽ճˡ
ǸϣԽԽˡùĸһ²ܣȻܳȥһŮ
Ѿͷֲ岻޶ĺҲɣ͢ʲôô̯Щ¡
֪ǣΪ·˲ڸУ֮͢ŵҺϡ·ڣǲôġ
үū澲ãǱˣū澲ҪʲôֻҪ̺үūʲôԸ⡣ŻЩΪһ棬ΪͻݵҲһͬ⡣ȴǲ֪ѲǸսˣʱ֮͢ЩڴġڵѾ׿֮͢ٹ˼ӡ
ܱ£ǱĿڡүζģ㲻ᶼ˰ɣȰһ䣬еܣܳΪ俿ˣ翿Լ
⻰Ϸ˾Ͳˡ
⻰ǲе
ĸϱ˵΢΢һЦϧֻʵʵ˵ʵ˵Ļ
㲻Ҫ̫ӵҪĺܲٵ߸£
Ĺ
̥ʮ£ܹ䣬֮͢⻰˼Զ
˭֪ŭЦү˵Цؾ˭֪ĸ׻̥丸ӣ˵ǲǣ
֮͢ɫ֪࣬ߵļˣ
Ϸֻ۵Ŀڸżʯ۰ĴӣĵճΪʲôӣ
ɬƷ硣
ǡͳͳҹ
˵仰˹ȥ
ӶϱһҲԸֲ˼ȥҶ泣֪ΪԼ޳ȥŮ
ƵӣĸǰôϲԼţҲԸġֻǵϷСסʱԥˡ
Ϊ֮ʱҶ泶ǧΪТ˳̼ס˭ΪõЩ˸ĸף˾ԼĶɩ
ɩĻһ
һԥϷ˾ˡ
ǲҲ̫ˣ
ǵģĸ߼òУĶͷϸŮŮ´ĸ
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ŮŮûĸ顭
Т죬ҪТ˳ԼĸǻŲɣ
ҡҡԽż֪ô˵
ʱһƣҶ泽ˡ
һϷһϲװӡôˣ
ĸˣϱôܲ
ɲġ
ǣϱԼԸġҶ泳ʹһɫŶأ˳ֽӹϸеҩ룬Ϸιҩ
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ιҩҶǲصѩǳŮᵽСסӽǲ̫㡣
ʲôģϷһ
ŮŮס죬ʲôġҶСۣ뿴ѩԼ׽
ϱʱƼû֦չһΪĸģûʲôӡҿӼΪڣ˺ü
ϷɲҶ泡
ҶҲܣ
¿ɲԼߵģȷ¡
ΣϷ˰ɫԽ
ǸǸ
ĸĪǸõģ򲻻ʲô¡ֻǿҲ̫СЩԺɵúúý̽
⻹˵
ϷûԺ˵Щеûģʡᡣ
ϱʡá
һ˻ϷﻹסǶҪӵһˣ֪ľֹǷףҪ»Ҫס档
һǳһҲ֪ΪΣĹĸо̫ѹܣһҲԸ
ǶɩΧ治֪ξܾĸҶ˵ЩʲôͼӴҴ˵Ƕߵϲˡ
һϲţҶɫһ䡣ǰϲκβ֮ϲ
ϲ˵ҶŻ£˵ǳԻ˶ӡ
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ҶÿԼҴͻȻһ¡һ˵³ŵϲһ֪ϲģµĺһ㡣
С԰ףȥ𲻴ԼֶС£û뵽˴㣬Ҳˣ̫ҽ
˼ˣ԰׵ϸּ
Ҳ¹νԪһھʣȻûи
ΪֶӡҶԽ
СΪھε±ǿΪԼ嵣ģһЩССʹҲ͹ȥˡ
ҲǺ˵ʲô¶ҪҡνԪĵĲ٣ǱлġΪɷȴǴӱ˿֪֪
̫ҽϸϸҶðѹõĽҲǳԻ˶ӣֶӣ岢޴󰭣ԺעⱣůʳúõɡ
ͱ̫ҽҶüͷš
һۣ˴֪
νԪǰȥļλӣʼ֢״ҲŻºѣΣԲǳԻ˶ӻ
ѵνԪﻹӲˣʱνԪü
ֻһۣ֪ʲô
ҶãҶֱӺνԪ˺֮¡
νԪ󾪣̫ҽ˵û𣿡
˵Ҷ泰ⶪ֮ǰνԪһ£¿϶Ҳа취˵νԪ
Ҷ泵ɫʵڲ˵ãȻǸӣνԪȴǴпԡ
Ӧð
ʦ˵Ʋ
졭νԪѿڡ
ʾνԪԼȥվǰһ¡˵Ļ֮ǰߵǸΣ˵ǸνԪλ֢֮״սֱ档
νԪѽܣҲƸҲԼ̫ҽ˵û£ô͡
ĿʹڣҶ泺Ҷý˵
ЦɬãְŮӣѵĺԵ޷ò׳ףòһôСӣѵӲν
Ϊʲô
벻ͨΪʲôҪôɱ¾̫أΪαӦĲһʱڣһʱ̧ͷ죬ʹࡣ
ڵҶСԼһСȴôΪԼʦڡ˵ʱ顣
¹ضΪҶ˵
ֶӣôˣ
ҶͻȻһ֣ص˵СΣԸ𣿡
Ҷɫ䡣㣬Ѿˡ
ûкáҶɫԽֻ࣬ǿʼԽԽأ彥˥ߣ;ƿݡ룬ܻ
ҶҧŴԼĴ㣬ԶΪáΪŴ˵ĻŻֻź¡
Ϊʲô
㣬ҡҡܲٵȵȡһֻɺأǲˣǲǾûˣ
»ޣ͵ʱҶ֪һʱѽܡΪνԪҲͬġ
νԪʱǱѾ˵һС
Ѿˣҡ
ҶûޣۿһֱǺġ
ٽʱű˷Ը׼ˡ
Ҷ泺ûоܾһ÷ٷȨǷ޵ɢﷹ˭ջûܿˡ
˺ܷʢ˶ûʲôθڡǰ벼꣬νԪҶǰһµ롣
μǸʥ״һ룬һڳԵģٲμҵġμԴΪ٣ӵܳ׺󶼻ɳ״һ롣
Ҷ泿Ҷǰ룬΢
ȥС£治ŷƣиͬʥʵ۶μҵĿء
˶е˵࣬νԪǰ롣
νԪĸ˴ġ
֣ƺ΢ҷƵһֻԸΪһЩͻȻҶ泾ֻ룬һˤһȦ

Ҷòԣӹ롣
㣬Ƿĸġ
ˤǣ
Ҷò飬һʹ֮£Ƿ뾹Ȼѳ룡


98 
,ѿһ죬һǡԭӦʵĵ룬ǶоȻǺɫġ
㡭,ǣҶǰϳ۵ĲšúõôǼٵ,⵽ô£
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Ұ,ʲô֮Ĳʤö,Զ֮,˭뵽ԶȻһֻ롣
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лǶҶͬǲл⣬Ҷʶܵл⡣֪λ̽㷢˶ߣһ벻

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ⷬҹĥϷˣһ̡ϽΪѾͷ鵭̱֮Խ
һһգÿĶӣԺܻѾͷǰĻΪ˽μҵѪҲѪףѡԼŮϱ
ȻЩ䣬ѪŬ˵ԼħȴŹη˻к󼸴֣ΪʱƣҲη˻ڼΪѵԵʡ
η֮ʱҲֽţҲΪĵĲû֡νԪԳηҲӲ
νԪ²˳ܴһΪԵʡνԪĸĸΪһϱ쾭£˭Ҳỳ˽ġ
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ǰνԪλһȫˣƺûֵĴ㡣
ǲˣԩͷծμȫѾͷȥɱѾͷģΪʲôȴ޹ˣǿȻôţʲôԣܳΪ޹֮˵ɡ
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ȷʵԳ֮ôĲ·νʵͷȴģĲı
ʱȥԼҲݲκˡֻԼίֻԼĲףȴ޷ͬĶԴˡ

Ҷ͵һͬȥ
ͨĵ߹ţǰ·Ӱ˵Ӱӣʱʱˣֿ
Ҷվ⣬Ŀ
ʻߣȻʧںڰС
ôģʲôһ˿϶Ĵ𰸡
ӵĺӷ·ܸоĸ׵飬ΪʵһšǵЦ⣬˫ֲԾԼĶӡ
ͻȻЦһԶȥ
ڰУһ߳
ɫȹׯ̬Ǿµױݣüһ졣



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100 
ҹ,ɪɪ
ʱз·߲мӣڵϴ¡ûоͷ·˲ͬСôĬ,˭ܿǵĽǳ
Сʱױϰ䣬ĸײϰ,ҳʱΪϲҼǵһ͵㵽ĸԺһСĸ֪,ȴװ֪顣Ҷ,͵͵Ѿͷ͵ġ
ҶôˣҵС˵ҵСеԽ,ҵͻԽá׳ʱôĴȰôĺͰҺ,ҵ,Ϊʲô
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ҹҹڲ̫Ю̫Ķɹûڸۻࡣ̫ԵĶ񣬿̫αװơԭѪģոһͬĺ
Ǻѷⶳȴ֪ʱѩڣ΢ϸ֮£Ȫۻ򿪣ȵˮðݡһȦһȦݣʱСֱİ
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λоеһ֮ƵĶүҪùˡ

ĿԺڣƻͨ
˯ţ˼򷢡ԭڴδǰ룬û뵽ȴϳؿչ롣
ɩѩﻹںǰ۵Ķ˵ΧתǶһûС
ҹܺѩｻߣȻ˵ĲϰߡҲ֪ԼǸ˸磬ҹ᲻ߡ
һʱ˼һʱԳ춼δ
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һޱ飬ɫĹٷҹɫƻĽӳءһȻشϣƺԶһ̾Ҫֵ״̬
մѩ԰ѩ԰һƬ˵Ͷ̶˯ˡǰҲйΣʱֱ˽ԼýѣȻȥԼСӡ
СѻУϲҹﱻ˾šο¶أӵŮȷʵҹﾪ˷硣
⾲һֱ
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κ飬˭óеĺ⡣ޱȿ϶˸϶ˡﰵп࣬ΪӦ¡
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ʮĳϣĳеĵ䷶ûнΪĸȻһλıԵĺ¡
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ãѩţǲŵյϢ
յϢʲôӣ߲֪֪ͶɩһǰĵϢҲǻϲϢ

ǰ
Ҷ̧ͷҶķ϶иյáʺѣһյϲáͻȻԼǰʱõտ¯ӣ֮һֱá
һ飬ͬ⡣
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μҳ£϶áһǽСסɢɢģǽҲԺúþһۡ
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¾иֵ˶ȥֵˣ˸δҲڡǶֵԣ
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˵ЩǾԼЩΣ˵˺ЩҲԼסԼɩӣơ
᲻ѩգӦʣȥͬ˵һҶ泵ɲѩϣ˶롣
Ҷ泿˿ڣỹ˵ʲôȻӦ¡
ʵҲйְ˵ʲô˲õְλҲһĥ¡ԭգҲɲȥԼӦȥֵĺá
ʱͬһֵʣһˡðһҲûȥʱѵ˾
Ƕ㲻ģҲˡԵһȥԣԵʢΪŷɥˡ
ȥţȻصŷǵ֪˸δ˶ڣľᵽɤۡ
δѩ԰㿴վԺˡһŽ躹޲պѹһ״Σɢʱַâ¶
ǰͷһһĮһȻЦ˾ѣЦͬеսľ
ˡ
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101 
Ӵ,ֵƽܵʲôνԪЦЦؼ
ԽĿ࣬ϻ¶ߡҲ,˭Լӻڹһ壬ôܶѩ
ǿ˼,Ҳҷ
˵һ˵Ͼʵǲ뱻˸Ǻޡǲ,ǿѩסա
νԪϻЦ,ǳסǾס,ҿԼŲߡѲһֱסڹ,񲻳¼ҵŮ
ͷƤ,δ컹ʲô˵˭˭,ôδͳˣ˵Ϊ֡
Ҫ
⻰Ȼ˵ġ
ɲ븮ٶһ۵ˣò״򷢳ȥ,ĵ,οи
Щˣȫ֮İߡ
νԪ»󣬻ڻϽ͡ӣǱˡ
,ڴ˸Ǳ,ѩҲǱġδû,ֲηġη˿ǿ,˼ҽ֮໥߶θɡ
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νԪһۣδ˾ͻ顣ѩη˺ͿĹϵΪһЩ˸ѩﶼӰۣôδ˺ηˡ
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˵ļգʵܶ඼ͨġ
ԣ͵Դ
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Ҷһʾһϲˡ
ϲʿˮЦˣһʱԺȫǻЦ
һǽ֮⣬ĻЦЩ˵ĶȴĪԵòô
νԪ޳ζţΪСֻΧԼһתû뵽ڴ̽ǰԽġῴԼӸ˲ҲЩζԳѩﻹδ
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ǸãмֺŮӣ·ǰһӡʱǺܿģΪ۾ﶼǴǹ⡣
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⿾ˣҶôҷųԡ
㣬óԡ
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νԪĹѾûƢˡ֮ǰԳӣ̲˿ɣýƽؼҡ
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νԪһӵĲʹ죬ԭź˽ȥͺˣΪ˻ǰֵ
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νԪ÷ۡ
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Ų˰ӳȥ
˺ݻ࣬û˭νԪ³С˵˳ȥһ˳ȥ˭
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мӣżҲܼڽǶ鼱֮֮ʡ
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Ϊ׵˵δˣӣ롣
ҪǿнǸߡ
νԪڰЩ̫Ըվ³Сӵ˽⣬ٲ˵Ļһᱻѿӳ
ǾĴͳ죬ˡ
δˣ߰ɡС
Ҳá
ʱߣ뱻ӳȥ
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죬ǿķԸǿ㣬ȻҪúÿǣܹһ⡣ӣ˵ǲǣ
ҲǣҲǡ
νԪЦЩˣûǿ˵ÿ֭ǻߣ
Ϊ֮˵õָˡʱӰȥʱ٣νԪȴǼֲ֡
νԪ󲽳ȥӹĶõ˽ǰ㡣һƴſˮ
Ǵˣӽһ㡣Ǵ㣬Ϊ˴´Сֲ档
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޸пţԭλ˸ľڡ


102 
ѩ԰һֱտ,ȫմ˹⡣ǽǰ̺ĴѾͷǴɨĴʹӣ˶Ե˿,Ҳȵ֭
ǿԿ⣬֭԰档е˳ź,ͻȻޡӣʵ̫ˡ
Ҷ泻ݸ,һζһζζǸ,˵ζƫ˾߷⶯ݣʱ͵͵ۿɩ,˵ɩδﵱһˡɩĺ,һӶǵá
¯ǰϲ,Ȼ졣
ϲԺó,ɾ㡣ֱˮĹѾƿտ̯
󿾳Ķ̫࣬Ͳ˲ϵԺ,νԪ,ͬԼǹӣкᡣ
䲻ձЩ̫ڡνԪԴȤ̭ȴǲҵġܸͣ÷Ѿ˼Բغ,ҲǱۡ
ǲߣ֮
δﻹа㾩ͳ,˵ɳӰ,žԴ׵լˡ
,԰,ôԡǹŮ⵽һúԼһſ˳ԣſ˺ȡ¿С֮ˣԿ˹㳢²ˣû뵽²Ҳܿǿ뷨Ǳ˿ڸֳ˼ʶ
Ҳǵһ֪Ҳܿ˼ڳ棬ҲĳԷһ֮м־֮С
ԼӦ˵ʲôա
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ǰԪұۣҲⲻ˱ѵǵԪ˵ҲֹһΡ
νԪʲôˣҲûҲãܼ֮
ѵǣͬʲô飬ΪֱڿԹҡ˵ǲǰӣ
죬û뵽ԼĴ˸˵ĻԼ˿죬պһ㡣
δϵǵľܰȫʮ־塣
⻰ƻشˣʲôû˵
νԪüŪۣе˼λ˵ˮ©Ժ϶ϵˡ
һŹֵ֮а
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һ뵽СӺһؿշ̹ˡСΣǾڵġ˵ˣӦһġѵܲ˼Żﵽͷֻܾˡ
Сӻûס
죬˸Ȥǿ㣬Ǻã
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ҶΪһƷȻڴʸ֮СߺҶãҲ˺ηһ
һһգһպܿ١
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ߺҶãһһ᲻á
ǻ̫ڡҶãҲûʹĳԺȣĻЦȫǲй顣
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103 
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ò̬ȣԴ˻öԷ⡣
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ʾƽ,Ȼиȥ
ãŵò,Ҳˡö˶˵ðһֻè,һúúò顣
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ôţ˵ʺƷξҷ
˾ƷξҷˣǮһ˾µҲͬ˾ʱֻ֡Щҷˣ˶ֻˡ
˻ʺвֻ֮ͬû뵽Ļһ⹷ͨݣһȦʢƷٲſõıơ
èֲ˽èǸоҲǱͻȻյò̫һ
Ҷ泿ëɫƵĴ󹷣𾪵ͬʱ¼Ҳлϲںַû뵽￴
˲Ϊµһ˾
ҷèζȻ߲֪˵ʲô˦˦βͣƺڱʾԼˡ
˶ڵȥ
èһֱؽУè񣬡ʺ˾ţȱȥ
˻ʺһ׼ˡ
°˱ҷˣߡ̬ׯټȴҲ߲졣
ҷ綯죬ûõĹһȦ˿ûѾԼԶŵΪ쵽Խᵽɤۡ
ͻȻҷһ˹ҧסȹڡ



104 
֮,𾪡
֮ǹĳĬ
ѵ¹ļ֮,ֻҷ˻Ŀɿڴȴв²⡣
Ʊ,ҷ˾Ȼèѵµġΰ쵽ģҲѲ¡ǵĻ,ȹڼ,Ī˵ǲһֻèֻҲԡ
ű,Ҷ泲֪,սＸֻصԱߡͷ˳״,ûп۵ײײ͡
ʱνǱ,ҷ˺ҧȹڡΣ֮ʱİƴü£²֪ܵȥˡ
Ǿֵ,ҲǾµ,һǿҵĲӿͷֺ;Уһ˫ڵĹѥ
ҷ硣
һͻҷ죬ޱȹɵſĽűߡǰ·佱
,Լϣó
ѯ,Ǵ
ʺ,ԩ,ԩ
˻ʺҲ,ĿޱȸӡԩӦýſ¹ʣԲԩ㡣
ǵġǵģ⹷ҧų檲ţһΪ檵èζʺԩſԼҲ˵ˣҰèûаëģèͳûйϵ
ﰵﶷô꣬˵ĻͲùľǹ˻ʺ󡣵˻ʺϾ
ЩҲζϻ¿
ʣ˵èĺ޹𣿡
ҧŴ³֡
Ȼ
ʣ˻ʺʺèһֱ͵͵ڹԳּѲ󹬡
͵
ڹ͵èƫƫճڻʺǧ磬ˣ֮಻ƺʲô
粻ֹʹķ绹Ǵûֹͣ
ԣһƬ䡣·˲˱ߣû겻塣
ܣܵģ
˲µģ
ʺѲ󹬲С¡¿֮ǰ˵ûаëè˵èǱ͵ڹģǰìܣŷ˭֪ع£Ψг檵Ĺè¿ִ˵èǳģҲǰٿĪ硣
ȷʵô
˻ʺЩԥˣ
¿ܶ϶èǹ͵˹ģ
Ҫʻˡ
¿֪Ϊҵ£ԱĴ٣Ҳʲôˮá
ǲ
ͷƱˣ̫࣬δ䣬ᵽҶ泣ȻǸģ
ŭ¿㲻Ҫű³㣬ͿΪΪǻʹΪ
ĿڶһЩһָȥղŲ֪㵽İ˱˹
һ˫۵ţ
̫ҽڣ
һֱû뿪̫ҽϽǰ
ͷ̫ҽϸϣèǷ
⻰ȫøǱסһ㡣
ˡ
ˡ
ϲѣ̫ҽܿ˶ۡ
ȷʵ
Ϊè˱ȹĺܶͽɻҪܹעƺȥжӰ˺ˣóʱû¶档
ʱ˲ǲˣǻˡôղֻèǰ˺Ұè֡
˻ʺޱʹĵؿɫҰ׵Ǻεʧ㻹кλ˵
޷ΪԼƱ磬ֵһ˲õԤУŻҪ롣ûԿôҲûֳΪʲôЩҪŴ²ţ
ȻΪԹ޵صһµġ£¿Ͳ֣֡
ֻҪ»ȥˣźô¡
ʺǳ檵Ĵ
ڵϣ¡
ûпܺðˣҰè쵽һ𣬻̡檺´ȥֲ̥èӴɫģ檶ˡΨһֻëֻ̫ۣý͵͵ڹû뵽˳˻ʺǧ硣Ҳ֪׳ʲôȻˡд檸ǧ򲻸ãʺ𷣣
µ񣬲Ҳϡ
èΣûг£ҲûгٻĽҲȥʧ衣
Ѿʧˣٲ
ñô˵㣬Ӧ˵ֳ
ǳ檵Ĵǳˡ
һϣµΪֹ
ںδãǹ˻ʺ¡
ǵó裬λȨأҲſ񵽽쵽
Ҷǳһ̾Ϣʹ治˴ĵطͳԷðοˡ
ӽ︧Ҳ֪Ǻûǻ˿ӣǺڹﲻ޹ϵ
ĬĬʻ֮Ҷ泽񾭲ɡȻؿϣ˫һûһŶӡ
һʯ֮õòŻˣָʺ˶¡պԴ£ǴпΪ
û˵ǣŵ˼

üۣԽ˿͸ĲգĮȴ˵İˣĪ˵ĴС
ҶһЩ֮С
²ܹ㣬ֲ㻹ʱʱϵᷢʲô𣿡
㲻ң
֡
ˣʲôҪԼ
̧һƬɬ
㲻ɷ̫أ𣿡
ԭ
Ϊʲô
Ӧð
˭

Ϊʲôô룿ʲô˲֪㻹֪ˣǱ֪ǿҪŻġ㶼ңΪλ㣿
ۣСһʼͲ
ʱֵĲңҲô𣿡
Ҷһ£ͷ
뷭
Ȼᡣ㣬ҲŲôµȻҪǿˣôѹסЩţ񡣲˵㣬Ϊɷɷ̫أһϡĴȡϾҲܵظ߹һˣһҲѹסҡ㿴ǲһԣһ˫˵ô㣿ϡϲ㶼
ⶫ˵˳ȻſھҶĵֲ飬ʵúܡ
Ȼⷬ⣬۵׵Ļɬɢ
Сʱ˵ɷĸ׾Ǳҿġ
ôǱģЩҥȫƾһ졣ô˵˵ĿǣǼа˵ĿǡûЩˣ̫ƽʢİҵ
ɫԽ̶ͣͫн¶ȡСǻ̡ԼӦҲǱŵˡ
Ҳ˵ʲôĸײϲʵ
ҶЩζ
ôô룿
ĸǰ˺ܶİţʱδѩﶼ뵽ˣѩ׼˼ױǶңһ仰Ҳû¡£ҶǴӾ˾˺͸׿˵ı˫ǳܼôıôֶΣȴǹ˳֣ѵ֤ĲҲ⣬ôң
ˣʵǰͲˡ
֪ΪΣ˵˳
ҶͻȻеѹΪǸԵüš֮г𲻵ñԹܻǺεȵʹࡣ
ûŹЩˣΪ㣿
ૣΪң
ᵽ˵ԭЩܵѵģȥҹռʦ֮⡣
Щδ͸¶䡣
ΪҲ֪ռʦ׺ͳ˵ʲôóıԭӦֻ㡣һĸ׶ԣû˱ԼĺӸҪΪ㣬볤ʲô
۵׷Ʒӿ
ĸʲôûΪ
곤˹ѹҪĸ۰͡ڲ֪ԭԼģԭһֱѹԹ˵ĮЩ˵ĲںʵΪ⡣
ͻȻ֪֪굽׷ʲô
Ҷǿ뷨ʾȥʡ
ʹռʦҲź
ǡʱ˹
ҶȻֹǰ
Ҷ½󣬴չȥöͷ°ͣȥɣҸơ


105 
΢,¶ˮ
԰ȾƣϵѱժɾҶڳҡҷ衣ԶԶȥ,ֵһʱ
һӰվ£һ԰֪վ˶,һĹ¼ű֮ĲҪϼ֡
ߵǰ׽һˡȻһ,ƮҶķͷ
ԶŲ,Ȼ󼰽
Ų԰ֱӽ԰,ĬĬվ󡣳͸,γһȦȦѣĿĹ,ȻǵƬƬ⡣
ռʦ˵Ե仯ǧ,ʱǹײ͸仯ġ
˵,ת
Ҷ,ŵĿпˡ
ûĺ֮ҲûܶѪɷҲд֮ʱ
Ե곤Ӧ֪Ϊһĸף˭ϣԼĺһƽϲ֡ǰ¶,ضԸ⿴ġ
õĳĬ֮ǣ֡
ֺϸ,޹,ȴ·޾ֻֽӱ֮,ᵽ׵Ļ֡
˵ǰ,һǹ
ͬһطû֮ҲΪ
Ҷ泻û㡣
Ҳûпܡ
Ϊʲôң
㣬Ǳˡ
˵ǣ˭ҲҪ
ҶЦʲôȥ룬ֻ֪ԭҶ泣ıҶ˵ˡڴڼʶˣ˽Ϊ˷ޣܿҪӭǵĵһӡ
õĽֺαȥν
ǰ˵Ϊѩ仰ȴȫԣһʼΪΪ㡣
˵⻰ʱһֱۡ
вڱĳ飬ǽѰƽƽ
Сƭӣѻ˵ˣԼҲڲ˽ȥ
ˣҲӲˡ

ʱϢ˵Ϊɡ
Ϣ⣬ҵ̨ʱѾʧơֵַˣƫ֪ˣԶٻ
ѵ̵ϣѾȫġ񱻽ӻعҶ泶塣
ǰҫĺңٲȻϢпʼ˥ܸӲ࣬ȴηֳɼɡ·˺ΪһɣϷǸǽͷݣһʱƫһʱƫѾͷΪһ֮¹ͬ͸ˡ
·˻˽ﶼϣĺϣӶϷˣԴҲҡڡ
ȻǶѹ磬ѹ磬˳ıУĺӾȻȻһֱڰлһ㡣
ҶϾ֮࣬Ϊ֪ļɹɹϲ˵üɫӣҲһȤ
ˮ㻬ƽаӿҲкϢϢ߻ˣҶ˲ٶȥƽ
ȥӭ
Ҳ࣬ҶҪ״̬
ĲڽҶĸҶʹһͬǰĻҶáҶý˼£ɫࡣ
Ҷĸɣǰһʮ㡣˵ӺˣԽϰǿ壬ͼܶһЩ£һЩĻҶԾԼĸһдǻ۵ˡ
Ҷϵüۼ䶼㣬ŷһЩݵĴŮﶼǻϲΪĸףȻǶŮ˳ġŮԸ߼ޣż˳ġȥ³ͯԣŵĹСӿҲǸġĸĻ˵µӱζЦѡ
ΨһĵԼĶŮҲ֪ܲԸμүҲǸ˵ģ˴ߴ١
ֻģ˱һ׮¡ĸǰ߶˼ҸŵǣҲڶŮǰἰ¶Ů롣ŶŮĸ乫԰ʱҶ泶ֹ˼䡣
ҶԣӱáδǸ֪µģҲ֪˵δ˲Ը̫绳ӣϣٵ꣬ӹǺʱҲ١
һǶү˼ҶǽһˡжʱˣȵĶŮֵı˵л
ιүˣҿǷˡǰﶼͻͻͣû뵽ȻôϲӣһЦŶϲ
үϲүأ
Ҷ泲޳Ե룬νĸ￴ŮԽԽ⣬´ǲܷϡſ£˿Ҳʵǲ̫ýӽ
ƫġŶӣװſڱտڶιү¹ү
Ҷһ㶣ˡ
ƫģȻҲá
˵˵ã
Ķá
㿴˵˰ɡҾֻ֪÷򣬶Ǽҿֻ顣ҿ˵ˣ˼÷ǰһװָ·ָЬЬ档
νԪǸ黬ģԴﲻٸЬ֮㶢Լĸĸ·Ьӣûǰ԰ڡ
û˵Ҷһġ
ҶϼòУ˵ԼԼĴү
үǸӣҶ໰ͶүһҳүѰŻôӣȻҪ࿴һЩ
ǲˣ
ڣ϶ǸԶҲˣƫƫ÷ߵý̧ͷͷġ룬Ը𣿡
ҶļˣҲû硣
ֻǡ
ҡ»ظ
Ҷ泸һζ
аûڣ¹ң˼ǲܡ
ҲǰҩҲ۲ǵ㶫ҼҿСûһʵҲ뱻ۡ
Ҷ⻰ҶԽΡ
ǸһڣԼôû뵽ءǲýӽҲԼĹүжүУүʲôûеĵ
ţټʱڴŵǰֶ࣬ע塣
شˣҲӦˡ
еһƣԼҿϡ
Ҷü䣬
ĸĹذǲǸоܲ
۵Ц⣬֪СİϷԴ˲⣬ֻһ˶ѡǽԪǼһ̫룬ÿÿ˶ǰۣѹǵЩС¡
⣬áԭôһˣԼܵίͲ

Ҷ͹߻һҡ
ҶٿᣬֱŮһòһ֥ǽһͯŮֱϹ˵ۡ
ǵĺӣָжƯ
ɩһ棬˵Ļ
֮࣬ҲССıԹʲô춢ද
Ǻ£Ǻ¡ǰදʱŻЩ˵ʲôСʲôģǧ̫˶ĸ岻ʲô£ЩѲĸ޷Ǿ̥̫̥λ
һ̥ӦǶӣһ̥ҲӦǶӡΪнβʱŮѾӳȺӷ˵λá
ǣԺද߷΢ףԾһվ˵ᡣ
ţмһҪද
ɩģһදţҾ˵Ƕ˵ġ˵ţƤգգۡ
Ҷ泲ݸѩҲѧˡ
ѵǺѧģ
š
пܡ
ԣ˵˵ġѹţӲҲ
Ҷ˵⻰ɫһҲŽסˡ
Ŀں˵ҲһĶý֮ĶԻһǵϢҲо
Ҷ彩ס˲䣬˹

ɱݣһҶߡ
Ҷ泶ͷϸһЦǲţӦҪˡ


106 
ߴδĶ,Į򶨵һˣȻ¶˽ŵɫ˫Զ޲Уڲزסĵġ
Цɩ֪ʸ,֪жɩ֮䲻һԸá
Ѳ׵,ҲܿλϲΣ˸˾ְ,һɡ
ߺᱻ,ֻ档
Ѱ׵һ˳
û,ɩһ֮,һƽġ
ǵһ,
ĵ,ԼǸ˸粻ſɣ
ʶסԱ֣֮ʱҲԡ
ʱ˵ĸ,Ͼпǰ,ǲϹظĸҲ˵ʲô
ۿ죬ҧŴͷ
ʱҲ˹һҶ泱ŵҾˡ
ͬʱʹҲʼܼ,һһңͬһ˺֮ʹɽһ˵ʴ޾ʹĥ,Ҷץסʲô,ǹһһʹ
,ԼѪӡûк,Ϊ֪Ҫҧһӣק
˵ѯʣŮ֮ʱۻ࣬ҪҪرһ£
á
նһһ١
̫ߵʹ˻ŭţŤǰӵŮˣűµʹࡣ˫ֻֽСֽţһǰ֮˾ͻʧһ㡣
˲ѯָӡ
Ҷ泴ʱʲôҲȥ޴ʹһСУȫǿȿ̵ĥ
ԭ
֮ض
ʹѿʱں㣬ԺһҪҺã
á
ֻһŮˡ
á
׬ǮҪȫҡ
á
㲻ߡ
á
һĺһӦ
ڵҲ
ỹߵ֣߸оԼĶ˺ɩǶɩЩ湻ġ
Ҳ롭
ɩô󵨡
ҲԺ󶼶ãбŮˣ˵ڡ
ģҲܡҲãֻһŮˡ
ӡ
ۿٺ죬䡣
ҵĲǼ޸ӣɩɩţĵ͸
ɩһ˳ġ

ֹʹУҶһֱץ֡տʼĻЩˡ
ʲôµģʲôҪлл֮ġ˵ʲôңǸ¶ϵһҲֲϱ
亹ֱ˫ֶڷλɷ֮ƵĿүһˣЩ˶ɱڡ
˲ͣҶ泲
Ȼʱеİá
Ҷ泸оԼһػҪ׼ʱҲѾеʧˡ
ʼޣ
ǰԼǰԼʱѣ˸߸ԹۣŻ
ʱʱ䣬ᡣ
Žˣǿˣ治һĳſֺģȴǺ洫ôˡ
ŵ˳ᣬѶҶҷ򸾺νԪ򸾡ΪУȰȥЪϢˡ
ҶҶҶ泵һһ
⺢ӡ
Ҳÿƽϡ
νԪҶõԺӣɾңҲ
Ҷúһۡ
˵ġʱʹԽԽ
ҡҲ֪ô
ҲˣҽųҲϴ衣
ҶýЩС˽аοοԼŮ˺ˡЩлԼʱܵԼʱô֪䡣
Ҷ磬Ͻסӡ

ʱ֣ڹ䡣
һ޻ҹգҶ˵һλǧʱ۵ñ۾һϮĸоҲָ֪Լץסʲôǲûɿ
һ˯Ҳ֪˶ãʱоԼȻšۣһ˫İ
ʲôʱˣʣЩɳơ
ʱ
˯ôã
Ȼ˯һ졣
֪ǣ˯ŵһ죬һֱĿתؿĺȻʱȥ̽ıϢ
̫ˣһء
֣˲
Цѣô
ǲǺܺ£ʧȥҡ
ֻԺ˵
㿴ʲôߡŵֶ˶ʳָ˿ٴƵġ˵ʵҸղʵͦµģҺԼһӹȥˣҲ㡣
һԺˡ
Ҳڡ
Ҷãûֻһ
һ뵽ǸԼİӣʹҲġ
ƽ˽βȾȺ졣
İˡ
İˡ
Ҷ泾֪ɧϲĻԽԽáֻ˭֪ǰ˵Щ黰ݳģڲǷĵġ
ҶˡҲȥԵ㶫˳θӡ
һһҹ綼ˡҪֵţһС
ֱԼ
ҿûûпӣ

ʱһۣû̫塣
۾ûп㣿
ҡͷǺͨͨһСţûô壬ƺû۾
ҶЦˡǵĸĵһκͺӼ棬ǲӦøһӡȥʰһ£ҵȻҲҪʰһ¡
ʲôҲû˵سȥ
ҶȷʵҪʰһ£֮޼䣬Щ»ǱЩĺá˽׵ϲͰѺӱ˽ҶϺҶҲˡ
Ҷ۾е죬ȴǴЦ
Ů̫գۡ
ӵ۾ŵģСе壬Ҳеͣͫʺͷں֮⣬ԵҲʲôŵ㡣
Ǵﳤÿ϶Ǹӡ
ū澾ûôÿĺӣ۾ᶢ˿
㿴ǲڶЦȻ֪龢һ֪ǿĺӡ
ϲͣؿţ޲ÿһ仨
Ҷ泿۵СӤĶҿʵû۾ҲûÿʮֻϲѾͷ˵Ϲ
ôÿ
󣿡Ҷϲˣʱûÿͺˡ㿴һи
Ҳŵ㣿
Ҷ
ҶЩ棬ֲұ
㣬ȡû
һ˵Ҷмֵ⡣
ҺͿˣԼԼץնʱԼһ֡
ҶϱҪ˵ģ̇Ҷﻹл˵׻ǾЩ֣ҲһֱдСҲá
Ҫд󱦣
Ժ˳ȥ֮ģʡ¡
Ҷ룬Ҳʲô
аɣͽд󱦡
СϲС˯ˡ
ʱӽ˵ǹǱˣ·˺
ҶͷҲ̧
ϱʲôöһҲ
Ǵ沣ҲӦίЩҶȰ
Ҷ泵ͷ˵Ҳ飬
⺢ӣԼġ
ҶϷִŮӣƺԽԽˡ
Ǳġ

·˺һͱǰԺƫţѹֱӽԺΪҶ泵ķԸ벻֪
Դᣬ·жûгš֪ҵԼµʧȥ̫࣬ʧȥе١ĸͶϱԣҲаԹԡ
Ҷ泲ŮϢʱеΪ泩ʱ̡
֮ǰȥϷˣϷ˶ҶŮʧҶ泻ЩԹӣɫҲ̫á
ûϲҰͰ͵ǰʲô
ϲûУ֪ˣȥܹ鲻á
Ҫȥȥǲ룬ӲŲȥӡ
·ߺϷϸǰԹ
ĸТ˳ģкͳĵôˣҲ֪мûôңһ
ػţҲûһʱ֮俤Ϳ벻ࡣ
ϸһͨϷҡˡ
ʼڣԼûȥϱֱڿ죬˵Ҳ̫ĵزЩˣǺãһװǼʮ꣬ȴǸ˼񶾵ġ
Ӳ£Ӳʲôͷ
һձһѹˡ
˼ϸֵⷿ˺Щ͵˹
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һҶ泲ǣҲû
꣬Ȼӻš⵽˾ͺãϲ·˴ȵ
˫ӵˣ֮˱мɻ䣬Ҳ߸ĽҶ泡
ǿãϲ¼ҵĵճŮ
Ů֣ҧ÷ǳء
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ΣܳΣ
ƤȻ
ȿϱһ̥Ը·˵
Цĸ˵ļǡǴǿſģúӣȡӡ
ϱһ¶⣬ѵõͳһսߡ
ǸӣŭȴֲҳЩʲôˣ̽ģЦġŮΣϲˣֵõЩ˵ġ
ͷҲӦ
ûУʡ
һ鲻ԸӦ¡
ûгѹžǲУһһô󡣡ҡͷпҲǿ˵Щūһ֪𱰡
ӣָɣ
Ӳһ죬ͷø͡
ʮ㡣
ͻȻһ䣬ͷƤʼ顣

ը˲䣬һѺĵϱ˵Ľűߡ
ϱ뺧һ·ŵɫƤ󷢽ʶԼĶӡ
Զһɷ
˶ˣԺ̤벽ֱӳȥ


107 
·˺ճ,Ǹűϡʱ˾ֱܴƽһ 
ȳǸ·ˣϵľ֮ɫء
,ôôôǣ
ʲôҵġűµĳ谮Щûѹ·
Ŷ,ѹѹ
һ
Ȼô
ΪѪ,ǰڷʱ𾴡ߵĴҹ,һĽ
Ȼ˹
ôˣĸ׾Ȼ̣
ʲô̵,ĸ͸׶,ҲҲ̡ǧ֮,ҲҪţ
Ļ,˭ܱȵù·ˡ
·½󣬶ׯŵϢ䣬Ҳֻһ,һһ
ϱĲ,ʱòαװ
صϽȺ˰̥ҩȻ˴֪̥º󣬷ŷ
˿һ,֪֮͢һֱڷûֶ̥,æǺҩ,
һͨ,ƣ,ɫ
Ϊѡȥ䲻㾡⣬Ҳмֿȡ֮û뵽ҵĹ¾˵ҡ
Ǿʹ˺룬ֲġƾʲôһССĵͼŮӶڹˮȴҪǱá
ǻ忤ܲһ룬һҪΰѹץʱҵĹУαΡ
˵㱻Ҷϳˣһ̵
ķݳһһ磬һֱйĻᡣȥҶ泵ĻʵǱ÷衣
ѻ٣Եǲ롣
ޣԹ
Ͳ˶úãҲ˺á
ʲô̧°ͣ鼫ӡģӸϳȥ
ǰˣʲô磬бǰĿӡһ߿һۣΪǸġû뵽һã˸˳˵ˣǿΣȲҶǸˡŮҲǿ󡣡
֪ܵŮˣײ£ӾҪƵģҲ֪ǲҰ֣
һŮԷ˵ʲô뵱Ҷ泲һ֮֮ȥĹԼԼĹҧһڷ˷裬Ҳòż˾ҧ
⻰Ҳҵ˵ҲҵҶ˵ǹҲʲôö浱ǰھЩ˲֪𣿡
Σܰô
ǲܰô˸ҰôƣⲻǱ˵һ˳
ҿɲһ˱ϣǹĸҲһˡ
ֵ᲻֪ĸǺͿһ𱻸ϳġû֪ĺ޺ʹںˣԼĸס
нգĸûƴĸ׵໤Ͳᱻߣʵ˷財ҥԡ
㣬ٰĸ׳񶾵ĿⶢĶӡ
һҰ֣Ҳĵճ
ĶⲻΣȴ޾ع˹ǡ
֪
Ҳã̤ʯ

֮ǰ·˺ϳж೩졣СŻصӣɫԼҿ
Ҷ泲⣬ĻȥвĵϳȥģһٶáһΣǶϱٵš
ҶϺҶûڣĸŮ֮Щ
ͲŵøϳȥҪǴ˳ȥָô˵ǷޡҶϵǵ
˵ĲǣﲢͬΪ
Ҷ泲Ϊ⣬ʲôǵܸ˵ǲˣ˵ЩŲǺõˡ

ҶɪɪʱŮԭˡ˵òԴŮӣѪǺõġ
˵ʲôöˣҿ˿и
ұиǿ䡣
⺢ӡǳ㣬ҲѳʶʱҪзִ磬ĪҪԼӡ
ҶϵĵĲ޵мŮһֱɷĳ谮ĵֵ̫࣬ˣʱ
ŮӣҪǱģǿǺã
Ҷ泡šӦţûҶϵĻȥӿŷڴڵŮСӤСţ˯һģ
һһǷ
ˣӻ顣
Ҷ۲ѣ֪Щʱȥպлٺú㣬¸ϽôŮúϢŶŮ뿪
ĸŮһţ㿴վ
һݡ
Уһֻϸ֡

һɴʡ
Ҷ泴ˮЦϲŲżǷδδϴȻɫ顣
˵Ͼϳȥˣ
֮ˣ޳⣬ǵϲ
ǡҶü£ǶϱûһöôˡҼҿ䣬ӣһ־˺м֮
Ժǣ
ġ
ָ˵˵˼ν򳪸棬һ޴ӷĺӡ
¶ֻУҴҴ
㿴ӡ
á
Ҷü˺̫ӡ
еһСţһۡ
Ҷڴ˵ʲôһֱûȻĶڸճĹŮƺ̫ӡ
ǲǾúӺܳ󣿡
󡣡
㲻ϲŮ
ǡ
ô񲻿ĵӣҶ泵˼䣬ƴƴΪӣ˾Ȼһӡ
µӰ볤Ľëص¼ء
ҡֻǲ֪һס
иףϵĸ׵Ļףûкദ֪εף֪κԼĺദ
Ҷԣ
ġ
˶Ѫ飬˭֪ΪԸˡ
㱧
ҡ
ʲôŮ
һСţϲСȥŵ˫Ӳš
Ҷ˵ţѺӱá
˼£ǿӡ
£ֻҪһ֪౧˵棬֣ϰǿ۸ʱһ
ҵŮ˭Ҳ۸
ȷѡҶεǺǿС㣬˺㡣Щ˲Ҷ㣬Ȼᳯߵ֡ţһһøס
ϵĺ磬˻ȥ
Ůš
Ŭһøס
ܿӵ˾㤵ط֣ǵĿү챧Ŵﲻ֡𱧣˯ǰֵǰֵ󱧡Ǵ˿ү˭ҲҪҪÿ˵ԼԼһС
ȻҶ泿϶ĳԼŮס
۴󱦣˭ˡ˫յֱŴ󱦣һʼ赽Ԥ˾ǸŮū
һ죬硣
ò¡أļҡƽнԼΪҵҶˡ
֮գʹˮһ㣬еıǶһɡ
ϯ֮ʥֵּ
СûУ㱻Լľ˹Ϊῤ½ļῤԼĸױţһڱǰ¶棬յ
ӵ൱ϵһһλӵĸסڸ׵Ļﲻ޲ʮֹɣǺһͨ
˸п벻쵱˸Ժ󣬵ģ
˭õɷ֮ƵˣӺģǰôһˣմȾ˼̻
ǳ֪Ҳο
ôˣʼһ벻ͨһϻ˫ŮӣΪεô׷¡ʶĳԲһƿˡ
԰ķĿ¶廳
ʮˡ
ߵǽˣһǳĴŮһǳİȻǳ
ૣۿ΢죬һֱڣᱣӿġ
л˵
ǣѽβлһֱ֧֡


108 
һº,һӡ
ͬʱٴαͳ
ܿϢ,˵˴Ϊַ˷財,ǰ
棬ͳҲ,һǷзĴб˷˼⡣
˵һ·ƿڴ,þ񶾵ҶϷˣ·ˡǰû,˿ķˡ
ϷĿ,ŻԺ˭Ҳܰӻ,ͶˡҲ,Ҳˡ
ƽӣٳɢЩ
һٵУϴʱ
Ϊ˸Ů,ʮ¡ĵճʱ,Ǵٴ죬˲֪˲һ棬ͷ˼Ҷˡ
һɫҲࡣװ绪,εһʾ١ǰңڱ,ӵȻǸ
û뵽Ҷ泾Ȼ,ڿҶ泵ʱһ¡
,Ҿޡ
Ҷ꺢Ӻ,ɫŨ˼֡ǲûʢװ磬ڶнһۿ
Ƿ䣬°̧øߡ
ͼŮŮȻΪͬһƷסǿ֮ŮǲҲӦ
ʲƫġ
Ҷ˵Ǹû
أûϲ
ͬĳˣη˺ͳˣԼ˵ϱϺϡϺҶ죬˺òһҪȤЦһ
ҶΪμҵٷˣԭҲҪġηһͶϱһͬǰٳʱס˵ϱвʣĪҪŵĺáη˺۰Ҷϱ֮ǿĵԴ˴ϯҲһˡ
һٲȻǸȦӣһΪǢܵȦӡ
̫ۻ׹ƼľǣƺҲжۡһ룬ɲñעĿΪһ֮ͨǾ۵Ŀصĳĸ
ŮǵĻ⣬벻Ů
ҶҲĸ׵ˣͬҲ˹ͬ⡣˵ҴСѣǽһһһ䡣µӤٳ˲٣ȻܿФĳࡣ
źӽһι
ºϲ󱦣˵󱦳񳤹һδСѵһΣʱֵһѵʹ͡
˵µ´ѾǸСš
뼸λ̸˿ҾСǾֹ֮Ĵ뵭һһЦķԽôĿ
һСŮװǻưˡ
ţӲߡ
ĺӣ˼ƽϡ
ǿߵĶ᲻ȱ˹ά˵ֺãűŶӵڱͼһȦ
Ϸѵ¶ȻҲҶ泡
ҶЦǰ밲
ôûС
С֡
˵ˣ֮ĹֳԷͿϷǰֶΨһֻûϷģӦûһϷ
ȻǿϷȻܴӡ
ϷɫЩݣǲþҶЦҶ泵ֹʹǰ̫𣬺ܶණȴǲһˡ
ӶˣҲ̫ſһﻹĸһҷ
ĸ˵ﻰв֮ǰӹҲ¹̫ӣźӡ
ӣָ
ϷԽĿڶµܡһ뵽ǸŮ˵ĺʧ
úõĺӣôͳˣ
ݵĿ⿴к˵·ˣҲ֪ô̵ĺӡǰŶӣΪʲôһ˲ʡġ
أٻˣԺԺ£һ
һ߹ĸĺʱЭ˵ҪǿһЩꡣ
Ҷ泲Ը̼̫̫ҲԷ¡͵ˣǲԸ׽Զżɡ
ˣҾʹ
ȹ㣬Ŵ󱦺Լĸ׽
Ӧţʱ°Ҳˡ
̫̫ҪǳԵĺӲࡣ
ҶЩ̡
ĸʹˣܶҪ뿪һЩж︣Щ˼档Ĳ⣬ҪľǱԼӡ
˵
̫̫ǱˣڵĻм㳤֮ˣȻ֪αԼ塣
ϱֱڿ죬Ǹĵĺӡ
ɫÿһЩһ췼Ҳ˶ӵ¡
ĶӣĶС¡Ҷ泵Ȼ֪֪ռϳĴϷйء
ĸŵ׳ʵ
һ
Ϸɫֲˣ²ߵءšһ
̥ĸôҲǳе¡
˵֮ҹ죬ûκλ֮Ǵȴ˵ظ˵ǺӲġ
ټ٣Ҳȥ롣
Ǽҳ󣬲
ԼĴӣɫӣһӼʱˣ
ҺͷˣҲ˹ﻹаֲʢ֮

ġ
ңôܣ
ϣ˵ζӳ¡
ûпǶҶ泵һŽҼ㣬û뵽ȻûѺӱ
ҶЦЦСÿӰˡ
Сġ
Сʻ괬ܺùη˴
΢СȻᷭȻ
ҶЦЦ˵
Ͳᷭ
δء

һϲ֮УνԪͻȻ֡
һٷȻǹ
еıͶȥ˿ߡ
ϷĿͻͻֱԼֲ̫õԤСʱδܲʲô¡
νԪ֮͢ʾãԭҲһˣҪԶţԱӦˡ뿤֮գŵѾͷ֤Խǰŵ
¼˶¡һ¼ʲô֤ġ
۷׷ף˶ǺȹϲƵˣշ֮Ҳ˽֪˵ѾͷҲһӣҲһֱסڹȻ¼ǳµġ
˾νԪе£ڽǴҹĲʹ졣˵δ˺¿˽ãΪ˲¼棿
֮͢¼լ֮£Ѳ֤࣬δ˰һˣȱߡ
νԪЦþ˵˵ǵİնԲ壬ҲʡЩֻǱټǵõʱѾͷ׵·ˣ֪·Ƿ֪Լˣ
·˱㵽΢
˶ɵԼġ
ҿˡ
ԭ·˿ۣûвʵһŮӵסٳ˵·˺εεͻݣû뵽Ҳ¡
·һ֣أ¹¼ѪҲò
·˵üǡ¹ѪȻҪ֮ȻѾ࣬ȷʵ˹ʡٻҪ͸ǡ
νԪת֮ʱβһĨϷʡ
һһĬš
ʮ˳˳
δˣū󣡡
֮͢Ȼͷӵķ
ʲô
ӣū澡ū澲ܿӱɱΡ˲飬ڵϡ˼֤¼Ѫ
ԣһƬȻ
ĺӾȻ¼ҵѪ
ôܣ
һɺԣȷѣūţȻںģѾͷȥ
ūûк˵󺰣ū澸Ҷ췢ģĺӸġ
Ѿʼɧ˵ʲôĶС
Ķ˶ˣȷʵüãһ˰ֹѵѾͷ˵Ķģ
ϷﲻõԤгʵ˼ּ١޾߷ιȥֲΡ
ֱǶۣ
죬˰ȥ
ĸһȡҶ˳
Ҷ泣Ҳ뿴Ц
Ҳ뿴Цֻ֪ࡣѾͷ˵ģԸΪӲòһĺӣǺӽ̳йһ𣿡
ȻԸ⡣
ǿ˽ٲ顣
ŴլУļûм׮˽˽ȥ鼴ɣѹڵϣ͸
˽²飬𣿿𣿵ʱûҪưͿ
Ϸ˵ȻưͿ붪
֮ȻҪһء˽²飬ܵ˵ضʩѹʱǺĲ¼ҵ֣ҲҪϡ
ֳͻһŪأν
ʱү޽ʱ̥ᣬĺߵ˽ͨҰ֣
Ȼ֮
֮͢һһף޲ɱѾͷҲ޲ɱߵ
òᣬŭȣһѾͷ︮ӣĵ·ˣװ׵Ů¼޵¼ңǾһūҵҪʣǹû𱰣Լ𣿡
⻰ɾˡ
·һΪѣ֪˵ʲô
Ϸ˲òվ⻰˵ʵûе޽¼Ұ²ʵĺӿӤҲʵū·ǲԣ˵ĻҲδûݡȻ׵ģֺξЩ֮ʡδڣһܲףҲʡպԴ˴£ڱ˵Ĳǡ
Ҷ泰̫̫ǲִ̫ϻ塣
෴·˵ıΪѰζѵ·ҲϱҲ֪˽ͨ£
·˵֣н赶ɱ֮¡ȴ֪һϻ벶ȸںҲԳ֮Ϊׯ轣湫
⻰ŭģڳķǱػΪ顣˲飬ֲԸ⡣
Ϊ飬ĸ׵Ĳ֪ܲδ˲ʲô㡣
¹ǻҽʥ֮Իһ˵
εࡣլ֮£ҲҪͷ£Ƿ̫׵Ҷ˹س
Ծ˼֡Բӣ¹ػܺլ֮Ტۡ
Ҫϻ˿ˡһжѣ˺θɡſǸˣ֤׵£ôϳã޶ñΪѡ
Ҷ泵㵽ŭ޼֮£Ȼָָ·ˡ
Ϊ꣬ѵӦôһԸ⣬ȻҲԸ⡣ǲԸΪҪܴ裡
Ҷ½кá
ӣ
Ϸڿˣ


109 
һʱ֮,·˳ΪĿ
·˲ֹͣͬʱͻأĳת𾪣Լ
ֵһ
ѵ
·,һƬ
޶ҧԶԡ֮,ĸ֪顣ԷԸ
һ
һŮ,ʶÿһ,һĽŵľȻ
Ϸպ,ȫ
յôˣ
ôһĶ뷭첻ɣ
·˵𣿡˷ʡ
û
·˹ȻǺóǸ,ѹЩܽƭת
Ϸ,Ҷ,ʲô˼
Ҷ̫̫ͦסʮˣһ,ٵܵȴ
ĸ,Ǳˡ
ұƣ⡭ôܣ
˱ˣԼĶӣϡ
Ҷ泺̫̫ͬΪԼû뵽ȴ˱˵Ȧס뱲Ӵ,˭֪ǺԼһ
ȱ𼱣ô˵
ϷĿιȥ,ϸֺҶһһҷ,ѾվסˡԽʱԽ,֪굽ôһ¡
˵Ļ͹ˮ,Ĳ²ۡǽͷӶţ·˵ĿȻżֻġ
֮͢վ˳ŭŽˡ
һūţҲڹ
νԪпڣ⻰ǲףūƷǱ׶˵ĻӵĳνƷϻڿūţѵɱµĽԣ
ⶥñӿ֮͢ﻹһ졣޺޵صνԪ˶£ǹ
һָʹġ
ЦҷϣһҲûС翴֮͢ûʲôãû뵽֮áūŶȲֱǶ
ˮĿѰĸ˳ȥȫ˵ĺʱٱҲֻһʱƽ˾룬Ҳ롣ĸŮ˽һͬʱѡ˳Ĭ
֮͢ҧгݵΪԼ粵˵Ĳǽˡ
˵ľλνԪе̬֪곤ʱΪūӲ᲻֪ɣ
֮͢Ȼ֪֪˶֪
˷Žɫֻ˹ĶϱǶϱĸٺò
лδֱԣĶΪ
˵Ŀֿػ٣һ³˼֮
һˣѹ
檽ǰΪ˵һ׮¡һֱѹձܼ尾˽ʱѾѳܡ
ڴˣл޷
νԪ⻰Ϊ
︣˸ʱӻסڹҲֻǹߵһѾͷһȥҹүߵĻ㣬ײҵĴڹүԺǻ檲£
үܣȻøŻֹߵѾͷ˵ĶӲˣȥôˡвͨǺãصһԣһҪ޽үϲΣϷ˻ҵġ
Ѿͷ˵үͳãǲסŻصΪΪҶĺӣҲܴҴҼ޸һ֮˵ҪΪĹˣҪҵĺӳΪĽҹӡ
·ˣлҪ˵·ˡ
·˶ׯɣɫûжı仯
Ǻ졣֪ҳ֮ǰΪõѾͷͻȻǴ޶֢Ÿҽˮá
Ҷ·˵ĳǸʣôõˮ©¼ĸƭţûеġ
ЦǲˮԼΪʱǨ޶֢ܸң˺㻨ǰµӡ
ң
ĸң
ܿв뵽˵Ļλ֮뵽˵
Դ˻ʺȥȵһֱû̺ƹһֱдӣӳʱ»ס
ʱҰ£˭֪пܼ̳лλľǴӡûдӣеĶӣû˿ĸʧֱȵı¡
Ϊ׵ֶӣֿȡǵʱľеһ¹Ҳûķͷǿʢ
ʱٹŮ޽ң·˻Ҳ⡣
ѵҵѪ
㡭֮͢Ťˡ
ܣ
ǹүһ¹ôﳼϵĺ
Ϸ˵ɫѾѿݣץҶ泣˵Ķģϡĺӡ͢ǡǡ
ĸʱǧܵ¡ˣô죿󲮸ô죿
ԣܵ¡
Ϸǿţָ·ŭʡϣ˵ң˵Ķģ
·˿ù졣
ĸף˵ҪΪŮʱʱһװ׵Ĺң˹үĴǽ첻Ӧеصز顣ұ˵޽ЩСģав̤ȴΪ֮˵ҵף𣿡
ǻȻ
ԭ¹ͻȻ볤⣬ǱԼˣϷҲǹͿġ
ⶼʲô¡
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֮͢¼ҵĹ⣬ǡ
Ĺ˾
֪ŮĪĸŮпĴ㡣֮͢Ĳ¼Ѫ±㲻ܼˡŮԼݴɣŮӻǲĹ˭⡣
Ϸ˱·һʣҭһҲ˵
ǰڣҲҡҡ׹
ĸҶ泸
һĹϷ˻˹ʱ˲˺ü꣬۵ĺ
·˲ҪļҽȻķڷ֤ݡ˵
ֿ֪ʲô֤ݡ
ʱһӱ˴˹·һ۾ϳԼĸΪ֮ˡĿԽ죬ǿһϷˣɨһˣȴˡ
ӵͷһһʮ˵ꡣʸҿʼ·˺칫˽ٵ·Ϊ޽ʹƺ˷֮ʵ
˭Ҳû뵽ֶ꣬һֱ̲ȴڶ̶֮Ťתƣʹһҹ֮㸲
ҵ˿գ·˵ҪЮҳȡ·˵ԼУԸΪұһѪֻͱ˵汳Ĺ
˵ʮ꾡һӦϸڶܶϡ
˾ٿׯ·ˣȫˡ
Ů̫ˣ

ɢ
Ҳˣ֮ǰºĻ֮͢Ǵ󺰴ŭߵϣѱνԪƷ
ڵϣ˵ĸӡסԼҲסԼӵ֪ˡ
ԭӦֵ磬ֻʣǽ塣Ϸ̱ţǺؿվһ·ˡ
ΪʲôΪʲôҪôǣ
ҺǣԼ˼
ҡ
Ϸ˱סںѾʹٶ¼ҵˣΪʲôҪôã
ͻȻŲԶʹ絶һ㡣
ٶ
¹߹ʱ̬šûпԼĸףҲûп·ˣǳȥ
֪𣿡
ָͳ
У˵ͷ
¹һΣΪʲô
Ϊʲô˵
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