һ
: ɣ
:
ϱӵļ䣬ܽͶ̥˹Ŵũҡ
иĸ彡ʣĸ۰ĸ磬ƽֳȤζ
󣬼ǰ
Ϊ׷õż˿ʼ׬Ǯһһӡü︻
·Ȣϱӣ
ԽԽã
1.һŬ¸ģҳ̣ܰƽ
2.˽ɽҿһ֣ǧ𿼾
3.
ݱǩ Խʱ  ʳ 
ؼ֣ǣܽ  ǣһ  
һ仰飺ŴһŬ¸
⣺మŬ¸


1 
ũһɫµŮŲ˵ڰž²ˡ
кãִܽ˼ɵҺ͹Һڵĳַͣкõľ²˼һ𷭳
ţһͷԵС˽۾һգգĶŹĲˡ
Сã㰡
ܽЦһ£һԲԲԴתóһõ󼦵
Сһɴ۾ܽ۵ļȴûŽӡ
СҪҳ𣿲ų𣿡
ǸģＦˣ԰ɡ
ۣллСá
СĵĽӹССڵĳţڳʲôɽ亣ζһ
ܽܲζСĶӣֶòԭֺģҲûˡ
ȻҲֹȫڶƼݵġ
ȥͻȻĺ֣µճɲҵﴢʳҲͲࡣ
ܼһʮˣһӶóԷƽʱʳʡųԣ˵ĻҲǾЩҰ˽͡
Ϊ֣͸ÿ̰ڵµأҰûŰѼóǼӵȣҪȻЩҪǮ
ʮ꣬ܽԽʲôָûУʹϱӵļ䡣
ҲνҲûʲô׷ûнָûУֲʲôҵļһƽƽ
Ȼũңķǳ֡
ǰ꾰ãûֹ֣ʳԸ㣬ȻûԹ⣬Ҳû
СʱĸͰˣɽ񡢲ɹӣº㡢ץСϺ
һһȺСӼܳһȺӵȥ׽ԲأҰˣȥĶһС
һ˺ͺĸģɩ۰ֿûġ
㣬Ҳ״Ҳûıʲô
˼ģһӾ֪˹Ŀࡣ
أֻܿԷˣʳգǻܺúһãֻһ
ܽ˲Դϵĺͷ룺ǲʵĵ㣬ĶŬܶ׬Ǯ
ѲʢװãֵܽһǰƿǣڵһӾƮ˳
һ׻Բͷ¶Դڰֱ꣬һֱûԱĶ
洫½½ĽŲܽ߳һۣϵǻˡ
ϾͿˣЪЪϴϴ֡
ϵͺϽſųͷֵܼĸɩӡ
һͷ
Ͻŵ㣬ԼϵĻҳҪæ
ЪŰɣѾˣҽȥͷװһ¾С
Сýͷˣ
ں仰ֱ
Ű׻ͷʹͷζһ
ۼϻسͷɶʱҶ벻ˣ̫ˣҸоܳʮ
ԺϺݺһԴ֪ԣĶôʳԣ
ٺһЦȥһϴȥˡ
ĶļȥüˣܴɩϿųԼСһࡣ
СС£˵ǣСøġ
ɩҸСģӪСء
ܴɩŷŹСתͷܽ˵С㲻øƽʱкõҲˣڼＦҲ࣬ŻǮɡ
û¶ۼҼµţҲ⼸
ǰɩ㲻õģСԼûʲôġܶɩҲһ԰˵
ܴɩЦµͷû˵ʲôתæȥˡ
ܽͷװãȥ߹Щ֮ǰۣܲرˬڣҲһζˡ
ûȫģѾȵܼͣһ˾˸ӳ緹ŵȴֽ͸ĥˡ
ٷʳǺþûԵͷܲһ̾²˳⻹Ұˡ
޵ʳܽŬİѲζһЩ
ûôζƷ˴нЩֻм򵥵ΡǺʹף⻹н͵ζ
κǶˣΡ͢˽Σƶ˺ܶɷεļ۸͸Щ
Щرƶ˼˵ζ⡣
ҿܼ˿ڶ࣬ڴǹĺģȻǰҲܺõ㣬ܽҲܺú
ܶɩϳܽͷ̾˵ͬͷСͷͰװ۵ģرҾġ
ҲЦŻӦۼҾû
ܶ˵ǰֹۼңＯЩҲûС㣡
ϵͷЦǺǵģ˵Щ㣬ҽľƲһ
ϵп죬·ǾƵζ
ǰһգʳѻ˲٣ܽŸԼϵ˸ʳơ
պܸӣ˲ʳһ̳ӣ˰ʱá
ҲûڴɹΪԭϺ߶Ƚϼ򵥡
ϣĻеִİ׾ƣڸľƶҪߣ˻ζƳϵرϲ
ܽƣϱӵľ
ʱǸ趼ϰ壬֣رƳгرxxƾƣҵġ
ҲΪ蹤æСû˹ܣ־Ͱӵչ
һƳסʮĸˣչҲ㡣
󲿷ʱ仹ԼչԼԼ˵Ļȥ￴ƣʱһãĿȾȻҲѧ˲١
ϵرϧ֮׵һ̳ӣֻڼ˵ʱŻóһ㡣
Ϊ˲ʳֺʱԵʣôһΣֱ죬ϵ
Ժлڸ𡣡ϵʮָ˵ĵͷ˵á
˵ǰǰԺҲƶˣһڶû
ʲôȣǾƿҪòʳء
ϵһۣ˿ڲˣŰѻת
ڵĻˣҲæˡǻˣȥѺԺĲ˵طһֵˣܶջ񼸲磬ʱǳԲҲ㡣
ܼ˵ͷתͷֶԼŮ˵ʱ򣬴ñӣȥҰѲȡ֮ǰҸ˵ˡ
֪ˡ
ЦͷǹŮðɣʡģ
ĸӣ͵ôһŮ۰òУܽµظɻ
ܽʹڼͷϴιɨԺģ˭ҹŮڿ죡
ĻƯھΪݵĲСզܲأ
ԽЩϾ;öԲŮ
ܼһļéݡ
ܸĸܽסݣȽϿӣ÷ֿܴܶһһ䣬ĸסһ䡣
դΧһԺӣмľţұĸéԣһͲַ
ȻƾЩСȫܼһһġ
ԺиȦͷû԰ȦԱߣܴ󣬿ֺܶĲˡ
һٷԵǾΥ㡣
ɩʰ꣬ȫҲûϢãųͷ˵ء
ܽѼʣĻ꣬ţǣСһ˴һñȥˡ
ܶϵ׵ܵܣ˶סһ֮⣬ܽһãȥ˸ڴ塣
ϵ˸ǳãϵסһܶƵһŸɻ
ܶĸӣŮܴѾˣʣµܶݱܽһ꣬ʮ塣˨Ȣϣ˸ӽйӸĸͬ꣬ûɼҡ
һסڴӶͷܽҲ̫Զ
ܽʱܶǮԺ·ſڣæ
ȡѵİɣ
ܽЦ˵ǣܶˮţó˸ϴõҰС
С˹˵лл̣ܶЦ۾ûˡ
ǳСһ֪ܣҲ֪ĶҰأСԣʵʵСá
ܽЦЦǮϽȻȡȥˡ


2 
ӹߵʱ򣬻ܶӲСĻƶߡ
ܶ˵ƶǶģ˲٣ûȥһЩɶҲ̲ˡ
ܽҲûֵл˹ŻͷʲôԵģٸܶ
ڻȥ·ϣһƬأܽһһأкͿһԵ˵
ܽһæ¶ȥ鿴
ܽɫ԰ף촽ҲɵƤһˡ
ûѹļܽСŶһҧͰѸ˱
˼еԶһͦܽŹԼȥСȥкϻ
һ·ŹߣԺǡؼȡˮĸ硣Сñˣĸһææ
ôˣ
ܽ˰ĸ첲˵
ڵεˣһÿӦˣҾͰˡ
ĸȥЪЪȵѹŵϰúãϺϱҲˡ
ϽȥˮʪӸ˲˲ܽȥҨˮϣι¡
ˮ׷һǣɹ̫ԻǺ;մһġ
ɩһԴȣһˣ˲ɿ
ϿǰܼˣֿҲµʲôˣл
ʲôлģɻҲ˵㣬ôЪЪٳءȻûģͷҲܶˣҲһʱ
һҲڵæˡ
Žһ㣬꣬ȴû뵽˲ðεЦ˵
ܽСһ꣬Ϊ˺ܽ͡СʱϲľǸŸȥ˼ÿιúóԵġ
ɱϹ˵һСһء
˵ţҲ̾һҹϸ͹ƲڣôȷʵΪһˡ
ܽҲ˼ҵ˼Ҵȥξ飬ĴսǰְѲʮĶӹҲ˾Ӫֻʣһڼҡ
ᵽӺɷ򣬷ҲͦᣬҲû취
һⶼţ洳ȻдŽҰѵˣҪԼ֣᲻ãԼһˣҲˣˡ
ᵽϻ΢΢һЦΪˣȻܱңһ·СӹˣͷңóԵġ
ܽæ˵ûУйؼҺЪϢ
ϰοϣҲüȹҼæˣҽ⼸Сȥ㣬ҵز࣬öþˣؼҰͺúЪЪǵñ壬ҪȻϸ͹ھӪҲõġ
ĸҪˡ
ʲô۵ģҲһ˳ֵ¡ҲЦ
ǵһȥϽϺóԵģҴ󻢼ˡ
˵˵Цˡ
¹ȥܼ˾һֱæŵĻԼҵĵغҲȥ˼˵ء
׼˲ٲˣصһֵܼܼ˸ǱӲǴ١
һ˳Բ˶ʳԹ˼ܺӰСˣʳҲԡ
ܽһֱоʲô׬ǮҲûʲôܣˡƻС
ƾڵǲǮʳƵģֻܴһЩʳС֡
ܶĻ¡Щʳȷʵô⻹𣬵ʱʲôģǿԡ
ԽԣڽˮҲ׿ͷֿʼæµ
ܽڵӻԪعܣԪϽڡ
ݾŴССسǣԪֻбȽСһ
ڷԪڽڽ˴𳯼ҪĳǳأóƵ÷Ԫ治ǳ
ÿͷʼæµʱͷͻйһʮĵĹǮһٷƽͷϰһ׬ǮĴûᡣ
ֵܼĸȥãҲ⡣
Ϊʲô˼ԸĸҪܼ˵ĺû
ܼ˳Ķ˵Ӿûаģÿ˶׳һװ˼Ĵž
磬߲˵һ⣬ߴͣһо
Сʱ򣬴еСӹⶺܽ۸ֻҪ˸ĸһ֣ԷʵʵûӰˡ
ܽҲһʮ꣬߶һ壬ȴͬŮ߳ͷȴһЩ˻ߡ
ϵͺ϶Դ˷ǳǼҵĺӣӻﶼһġ
ܽ뷨󣬾ܶĻƶ
ƶĳʳ̫ˣͱ˵ǰԵͶԣ۵ģرóԡ
صذѼһСʯĥúһ£˶ԡ
ܼ˿ûĳʳڴһ֡СҲȥܽȱ߸š
ˮһҹĻƶʯĥϣʯĥܽһˮ
СҲһ£ƶ飬եʱСһҡͷʲôһ⼫ˣܼ˹Ц
־˹ˡ󿪡±һϵй򣬶Բá
ʵ࣬вͬ
ܽһ£ĺܳɹ
ֿʼ±֭̿ڵģΪǰֻԹ֡±֭ܽľ㹽飬ľ㹽ǰܼԼɹɱģҲû̫ࡣ
һݿ飬±֭±֭ڸиӷḻ
ǿϧûн֮ĵζζá
СȲҪһܽʢһ룬±֭ϴ飬ûô˲Ÿ
ͷһڣ۾Сüëļһ
úó԰ģ񼦵һ
ܼʿˮҲ½ʢһ볢
治ȶҪ۶ˣ±֭ζɩϳһ˵
ֻһȥоθͷůġϲ˵
ȷʵۣûСͷҲѾ˵
ʣµļ˶æųģŵͷ˵óԣ绹Ե̫һ£Աĸø
ܽҲһ£ζȷʵͼ˵ԼҪȥ뷨
һ˼һ£ɩϵһͬ⡣
ҾУ̸ԺڼǮĵطҲأСõջãⶹԿ϶׬Ǯ
һôԵܴҲ˵˵ǣƶҲֵǮǴͲټУɱ󡣡
϶ǿ޳ɣϺϵԥһ£Ҳͬˡ
ȥȫˣһճֲãü˸ŰǾ̫ˡ
ҳͷͬˣܼ˾Ϳʼ˷ܵһһô
ⶹԿ϶ҪģҲܹ϶ĲаȻ׬ͷ
˶ԣСͷԲ٣϶ܻӭͷʵ˿ܶ顣
ҲôģͷһҪ׬ǮĻʳ
ͬͬ⣬̫ˣǰСÿţҵĹֱСһܼǰ¹ЦܽҲ̿
ۼʳˣ۾ʣһˣƽʱʡųأ⻹ôͷɩҲ⡣
ƶǺð죬Ҳ󣬵ۿҪǮܼԼ᲻óԡ
ﻹеǮҲģڼҲûˣȥ￴ۻ˵
ҲõģһҲҪȥͷϹ׬ǮҲůˣׯڳţɽϹӳţ԰ҲˣܲٶǡܶҲοϱ
˵ǣܱȶǿԵĶңڻǮ󶼻׬ģⲻõġ
ܽĬĬԼɩ˸ޡ
ôһ˵Ҳûʲôˡ
ɺİ壺ǾôˣĸҺͽȥϼðЩʲôϴ϶ȥյƶȲ̫࣬ôٿϴҺ϶ҵģҳúʰʰޡ
ܼ˵˵ͷ
̫£ƻ˴ء
Ժͷܴɩܶɩõ·ֵܼܰѼľƳһ£װãϵͺԺѸո±ѷŽ
һڣͶԻϢˡ
ũҵһճϢ


3 
峿
ܽ˸ִһ˿㣬һֱӽ˵̹
ϵһԺŴ򿪣ĸԺɨɨԼȥιܽˮˣֱӹȥϴ
Ҫȥϼľ㣬ܼ˻û
˵򵥳˼ڴ緹ͳˡһˣҪһʱԽһɽͷܵ
ӻ廹ԪؽģеԶĴӶûʱܵ
·߻ޣһ·ɽˮģܽҲûоۡ
ĸŴҽ˽Ŵѧ˵Ƥëżָܸ·һҩøСӱ߱ڡ
ǵϵʱ򣬶Ѿ̫ˡ
سǽֳֵʳֻߡƷСߺȲϣּˡ
Ǻ«СһǺ«Ⱥ߹·СӿڵôҪԣݺƨɲŰݡ
ӸϼҲ٣Ŵֲ£ﶼӻ
ܽǰҲϹѾȥþˣֶ˺öû
ȻԪرӻĶ࣬Ҳû
ȥѼļǮ˺һӵļʮģܽʮָп
ָźȥݵ̯ӡ
̯ϰѼֿװĴ󹫼Ӷ࣬ҲѾµĸһЩշСС
̯ЦǺǵģСģҼĸǾιģµˡ
ܼҾʣֻĸϴֱһֻ󹫼ȥȼĸ˵ֱӷСл㡣
Ц˵Ҫ򹫼̯ĽԼҵĴ󹫼ܲĴҲƼ
ܼĸ˰죬ѡһֻʺ졢ӣֵǳصĴ󹫼
ϾǸԼιôõĸϹܽҲǺĵġ
һҵĴǹս̯Ұճ
ʮĵļ۸ֻ󹫼ѾǳˣһֻĸҪʮģ󹫼̯ǿˡ
ֹһЩϣŽ̡
ǰͷŵǸʽףͷۡ˿ǵĸʹױֿװڲͬСԱ߻һЩƷ׸⡢ױ֮ġ
һʮģһʮۣܽСҧס
һӾͻ˽ģѴǮ˸⣬ƶǮڵܼһˡ
ܽοϣģӺܿͻ׬ġ
Ҳˣ˾ͻȥˡ
һʱ·̣ߵңѾʱˡ
ܼԺﾲĵģûˡ
ϺһɩǣС
أôڣϱ߷Ŷֵʡ
˵Ķӻˣһ𵽼ҵģйĹײģŴȥæˡ
𾪣ܽĸҲǵɴ۾
˼ǣϸ磬û
ϵͷ˵սϾ˰һҪ˵ʱûˡһײľιȥˣҲ֪ôˣΪտСڼˡ
𾪹æеĶܽڼʰתͷĸϽ˼ȥ
ܽϰĶúãȥ˼ڴɩɣҲͦصģеѹ
Ͱȥ԰ˮܶɩ˼ңæ겻ؼȡ
ܽһô࣬һùȥ
˼סɽ£ڴβĵط
ܰĹ˼ңھۼ˲ˡܽһ۾ͿȺϵʹļһͬ峤ʲô
˼ſڵİᦹˣܼҼֵȥҪõֽǮ֮ģæ֪ͨ˼ҵݣûע⵽
ܽߵſڣԺͷͣһڹײģϴŰ¹ڹײǰֽ
ԣһ׵ꡣԾӰӳϣ忡ʮ㲣۾ﶼǺѪ˿һԲؿǰĹľ
Ͽˣͽӹ߽
㵨Ҳ󣬹ײҲ¡һȥȰȰϢﰾ
ܽ˵ãϱȥˣߵȰ˼䣬ŷϽݡ
ܽܿͰˣݵݸϣڴߣỹ۽ǣһᣬ̲ס̾˿
ӣԵɣҪȻסġ˵
ɩӣ˵ҵôôð
סᣬȰ˵:˼ӣ鶼ˣҲֻܽˡҪúõģھʣôһˣΪҲҪ
Ϻ۵ͷãͰ赶ŪǹսɱеģҲԲˣϸ˲ᡣ
˼˵ţܽĵ˳ȥվſڿһֱĹƣ룬ȥҲһ
ߵߣƸ磬΢Եɡ
һֱĬתͷǽ˻ƣžܡ
ܽͷһֱľϲЦһ¡
㶼ôˡ
Ѿȥˡܽش
СʱŸҹҲܺãһеڼҸ硣ƽӪǾҲûˡ
ǰȥˡ
ܽ˵ڰһվЦ˵֪ˣˣȥϢת峤ȥ
ŹƵıӰܽڼҸ羭ĥȷʵСʱһ˺ܶ࣬˵ĸоǰˡ
Ҳ룬ܽܶɩѹ˼ʰã鶼Ǻ׼ɥйصģҲﲻæ˵ͺܶɩһȥˡ
ܼڹ˼Ұæǰæ󣬰ҹŻ
ɥܽҲͻСܼ˶ȥ
ʵĽӹɩ񣬸Сڼҿҡ
ȥæܴɩ˼䣬˵ɽѡ˼Ѩڶˣֵܼĸȥæ̧˹ףǾͰʳ
˲˵䣬дŹٷġƵùҲ˻ͷһ޵
Ҳ˵Ǹúӣɥ¶ģɵĴºͽӴˡλҲˣҪڷߺúþТ÷ϵġ
˼ҵɥ¹ȥܼҸ缸ҪȥͷܼԼҵСҲ׼ˡ
֮ǰܴȥ˲ٻƶķŽöඹԵġ
ǣ˸ӣܼ˾ͳȥˡ
ҪһʱܼîʱʹӼʱ컹Ǻڵģȵǳʱǳ緹ʱ䡣
ľƳմӹóޱסܱԱľͰҲһ
ܽ׼һСľ̿׼ʱá
ĸֵһ·ƳҲۣԼҼʼСڴּ
ȵϣܴ缸ͺǷֿȥͷɻתʱﻹš
Ϻܽľ֮ͣǰõĵطǰ߲ԶǸּУԱ߻Ṇֵ̀滹һˮСӣҲ
ѳͣã˿ʼæµ
һܴɩ֪ôϾܶɩ˼æĻ
ܴɩԸˬʣ̯һںãͿʼߺ
Ա̯λ˺ĿģߺȵĶԣ϶ɻ
ʲô
·˴ǵ̯ӣӶ߳һ긾ˣǶЩʲô
ЦŻشͷжԡ
ɶû˵
࣬ǱȶóԶˣ±֭˵
Ǯ
һ룬ģͷһ
˵꣬ΧΧ۵ʱ˵ԹҲû˵ʲôǰĸˡ


4 
ҲǼǮſ˵Ǹ붹ԳٸŽɡ
תȡ˸ݸϽӹǮܽĿʼӱ
Сǵ̴ܼģΪ̫Сƽʱá
ȻСһֻűȺܿ죬ò˶̿
ܽӽѵﾾһСţߦһŴ󱡱ŽȱӵĽˣִһóһ̳ӡ
һƣΧ˾;һ˵ζ˱ǡ
Ҩһ׽ϣȵˢڱϣٶ۷ŽֽáܽٵһţһݸǸˡ
Ǹһֱվ̯ǰ濴ŵζˣȲҧһڡ
һȥʮ㣬Ƥִ࣬ҧȥʱֱرóԡ
С治Ǹ˿
ϵĶҲҨˣ±֭ϴݸЦ˵
ҼСðСվͺãɶóԣͷĶȱ㡣
˵ͷ۾Ķԣһڣ۾һ¡
ѽҲ㰡
ϽöҲ
漴ǵһͷתĽȥˡ
Ҳ½ˡ
񣬻
ԭǻöе󣬱ϾӲһԾҪġ
ڿǸ˵ķӦ֮Ҳˣ볢ʲôζ
ϾסسǣʵȻǲġ
Ƿ׷״ǰҪһ룬Ҫһš
˻ͷָͷ˵һǺüߡ
ǳʳʱ˲١
в֪զµģ̯ǰôˣҲŴȤţһԵܼСԽ
¿ɰæǺܽһԷӱϺһѿ˺޲óͷۣæֱð
˶ֲõࡣ
һ죬ľ
ǸС̯Ķ԰ֻȶóԶˣһ±֭ó
нִ㣡ֱرóԣ
Ķ̯
ȥǸСűϣС˵绹ʱҴһȥ
˶ˣǵôװ
ԹĴߵѣܼҴ˸Ŀˡ
Ȼڻ֪
ϼ˸˻ˣܿˣͷĻæܾãȻȥˡ
˼ңڴϾͿʼǮֽһ׬һСıǮ
ϳԷȫ֪ϢܸˣϵЦݾþö²ȥϾ˯ŵʱǻЦ
˵һļܼ˽Ӿ˼ѪһŬ׬Ǯÿ˯ڶ첻ͷԡ
С̯Ҳջ˲ȶĹ˿͡
һܽͺԺժˣ۽⣬תͷ˴ԶԶ߽
Ҳע⵽ˣߵſӭӡ
ԷûУ
һһ㣬⻹һֽĵģС
ƻش˵ԹˣֶԺЦ˵֮ǰæһֱûüл㶫˳ԡ
һӱɫ⺢ӣǿҺأǰæʲôûǮûȥԼԣ
ƾ֪ܾæ˵°ɣЩʲôҪǲգȥĲҡ
ϰ֣ˣ˵Ҫ
һʱû˰취Ժܽգۡ
ܽЦվ߹Ȱϵ°ɡҪǲգǲ˹Ƹģ˵
ԥһ£ƸϽ˵ǰҪûȥ϶Ĳңҿ϶Ҫģ°ɣⶼҵһƬ⡣
Σֻý˹Ҳ´ΣȻҪˡ
Ц˵ãϽȥŶȥˡ
ƿܽӻóһС
ܽסװŵǣơ
ƶЦһ£˵ҼǵǰǣҴӷǱߴţǣһҲû٣Լԡ
ܽһʱ侹֪˵ʲôá
˵ˣû뵽ôЩҲڼң鷳һҰæˣͲҪҿˡ
ƴС͸ܼҸ缸һȻҲܽϵõĺܣкóԵҲǵ
ĻܽҲڲ룬Ц˵ллƸ磡
ܽţǷźãҲˣƾҪǣϸװһЩԳؼȥ
ƻû˵ԣ֪֮ܽȵĿȥƷˡ
ܽţǵ¸˺ϣЦ˵۲ҲԼ
⣬ҲѣϾһС˳ԣһܴܶȥ
Щͣܽг˿˿ȥ棬˺Щߦ档
ϳԷʱһһ棬˿ټܽ׼Ļƹ˿ϴл飬ȫʹʹĳһ١
СԼʵ̫Ҹˣ
ÿ춼ܸŲͷͶԣ컹Ե⽴棬СûţǣֱֵҪ
Ҫһֱͺˣ
ûȥСС˼⼸һֱļĴ󹫼ͼĸദĺܺãЦˣ߼˲ҪȥĵĸԼѡ
һһŬש׬Ǯ½½Щס͸ࡣܶɩҲһȥæ˲æĹ
ܼȥƵͷҲ֪Ǽˡ
ͦܽģʳɶǮûŮĽйŮľӣԼҹŮʳա
󲿷ֶûʲô⣬⡣
ÿôֺСó˼ңȪһҾ֮һ
˵һңܼһܳôϵ
ȪܴɩϵݣҲԶף˱Ӷϵһ֣ΨһһҲˡ
ȪȢ˸ϣһޣһ˸̳˵ȱ㡣
ز࣬궼ꡣҲȢ˸öϱ˴ˡϱҵмױæֵزŲڶ
ӹҲǲȱϱҲﲻæȪĶԵģⲻһ˵ܼ׬ǮȪ뷨
ǣֵܼϹûһ磬֪ĶСܼҡ
ѽڲڼҰ
æʰܽһۣ۾ͷ˹⣬СܼＷ
ܽĶ⣬һ֣һؾͳˡ
ûɶ˵ôҴɩ£ȥӱϴ·ˣһܻ
Ҳûɶ£ǡƣһصǸöҶ᲻óԣˣ
ܽһǻûͷС㣬Цһ£ԼŰɣҼá
ѽɶһˣ˵ţԼ˸¡
۾ܼԺĴԵĴ󹫼¿ˮ۾̰ˡ
ϻϲ̵˵ѽǼҵӹľǺð󹫼ĶʣǼҴݳɸˣ㿴Ǽһô༦һͰǸ󹫼Ҵȥ󲹲Ӱɣ
ܽЦˣ̫żʶһ»Ϊʲô죬ͿܴɩŸϴվſڣɫˡ
ܴɩܽı졣
ˣ˳ս
ܴɩ߽ӴôżɶƤˣ
ӼʵЦһͣɫͱˣ˵˭ûƤأ
˭ҪҾ˵˭⻹ʣ
һ°θߣô˵ģôԴģ
ܴɩ˿壬Ÿɤűӻߣĳһ壬ʲôĳҲǿŴ
Ȼô˵Ҹ㣡ҵļܸҶӳĸӦТ˳ģӲһ죬ҪĴ˵


5 
ܴɩһԵɨͳȥ
ӳԣТ˳㣿ʲôHҲǰƨҲҵҾ͸ԣӣҽôʰż졣
˵ţһɨʹϣܴɩĸũأһɨȥ۵ֱš
ܽСһһţǣ˸СſڣֳԵ㡣
ӼӾͱܼԺӣһĻˤ˵ϣһļֱ֡
Ӽѵµϻֵģɱļˣһ㣡񣡣
ܽ⻰ɫһӶС˹ȥ׼׼ҽſĴ
һƨڵϣܴɩɨһɨͰͷɢˣǹɺݾŵҲҶ˵Ķӡ
ܴɩӣһʲô
һתͷܽСƣܴɩЦЦɨŻȥܽ˵´˾ͽңһңøԶ㣬ʡ
ܽͷ֪ܴɩΪáȴզģ¡
ȫԱûһս͵ģܴɩû޹ʱ⣬Ըº͵ܶɩһҲмܲס
ܴɩȻˣܶɩ岻ϴȥϵҽݾͻˡ
ȵ˵£Ҳǳ׬Ǯģŭӣ˵ϴҵĶԣ»򣡲飡
ͷİɣ㻹֪ҵӣܴɩдһ⡣
˵ֿܶɩϴڴզǲǣ
˵⣬Ϻܶɩ϶ϲ⡣
ǣϲˣҲûע⣡˵ţ˵ĺܣඣ
ѽİǿ̫ˣǵóԸˣ
ϼĵͷзˮ޹꣬һֱûãŴ󷿵СһֱĽ
ȻŴ˵ʲôܶҲܺãԼܾѹöԲסܶ磬ںˣ
ܽҲˣҪֶֶŮһܿģ
ʼͱȥˣڼЩ᷺ú̥϶ܶɩ˵ܶɩͷӦ
ܶ¹ʱԼҪˣĵòˣæܶɩϢܶɩֲ˼ģܶ絭㣬ܶٺٵЦ
ʱ򣬴ţܼţһסܼϵţȾƣҵĹϵҲõġ
к£ġ
ᵽűȥ£ţһߺޡ
ã͸ôǲҪģ֪ʲô⣬ҪעЩ׬ǮܱסЩĵĶš
֪ǸɣȥҰæˣҺ϶ҵֻˣҪȻҲƤ
ţͷֵ֪ܶɩˣϸˣæϲϲ
ϰ֣Ͻ˼䣬ţһԴ˵ԣҪˣֵܰһСҪȥץһͷҪҪҲȥץһͷ
ţҵֵģ˶ץС
ϼһ֣ǸðһȥĶأ
ץǴ£µļҼһץУ׾ɱˡ
ڴͷҲвأﶼǮ
ܼҲ˲ǮֵܼĸĹǮûлǴ´ġ
ܸͷһ磬ʣǾͺҵҵĺҼͷȥеĻͱ
УʽңҪҲĻһȥ
ţ˵УҲչֵˡ
ʱ䣬һĵã춼׺ˣţͻȥˡ
Щܽǲ֪ģΪʱںԺ԰͵ĸС졣
ҿӽҲǸȪһѣҲʲôûϱһӷдŲм
ĸҲͬ⣬ô
ȻúúýѵѵǣҰۼҽȥˣǸȥҸڴĶӲ֪ɶǵĻɣ
ĸ˵ãһתͷܽˮĴ۾һĶǣһ
絣ͬ⣬Ҫ˵ɶͼܽݹƽ˵
շִ磬ɾ㡣
һ£漴ЩЦĽӹԴ˵İɣ͸ĸڳȥˡ
ܽ˵İȫȱ˵˶Ըô˻´࣬˵ˣͷԴĸϸĳȣһһβСϵĶ൱Ĭ
ͷ·ϣߴﹾţ׬Ǯңһȥ㣡
ţͻȻǰһڣʲôˡ
һûüӦǵصȭͷ
˵˭ΪʲôҰ
Цһľ㣡
硢ĸº飬ȭȭ⣬ƶˣ޵Ľš
ˣĸ翪˵ȥúǸʲô£´ΣǾֱӴ㣡
Ͻģ˵˲ˣ϶ˣ翴⸱ӣһţֵﳤȥ
ǲָ֪֪ô
ӻĶлȪҲһġ
㿴Ǹ˸ҴģҾԲŹģ
Ȫתͷ˵˵˵֪˵ҲǸú˵㵹ãǮҲ費²࣡
һдˣһŸʹ⣿ӾԼίģһٻð
УҲܾôŹǣҾȥҴ峤Ҿ˵ܼҺңǸǮ
ϱһ˰죬ԥĿڣҪ˰ɡ
ˣĶˣļһұ㿪ǲǣӿϱһӵĻ˵طһͨŭ
ϱԸųҲҷĬĬš
׵ĻؼҽݣӿʧɫҲϱˣŶӵĸ첲
ҵĶ˭ɵİ
ȪҲһĶã
һƿӣݺݵ˵㻹˼ʣʲô¶ˣұӣ
˵ʲô
ˣһ۾ɵϴ󣺡˵ܼ˸ɵģ
һϱѽ¸
Ƿȥܼʲô㲻֪ܼǼֵж𣿣
ܼɱģߣȥˣ
ʲôʣû֤ݣ˼Ҳôͷһٰһٶ򣡶㣡
קȥ֣ϱһȰھְǽͷ￴
ֺĳ棬ȪԼԴҪըˣصһӣߺҹ죡
˲ͣȪ
ȪȻóҲûӣעǴʣܼҲûã˵ðᡣ
¹ȥˣȥܼҡ
ָ˵㣬Ҫȥԣ
һȺ
ҧгݡ߶߶ĿԼҲˣʵҲȥˡ
˽һҳʵˡѵǽƤܴɩˡ
Ͳˣһ˻


6 
ȥæ±˺ϡܴɩܽ
ãԵȶѾȥһЩҲæ
ں̯ӣһĻӣǵһǸ긾ˡ
ҵϾӪһӣܲÿ춼ܼҵ㡣
ĸϴкϺǰһϾʢԣܽӱ
ڵȴĹУ˵ǵĶԺóԣǱиѧԵģҽҵҵһ£ζûñȡ
϶һ٣Ե϶Ҳͣˡ
˵ǰⲻ̫ãΪûǵ
ܽѱݸߺӡ
ź˵ĵӣο˵ûµģⶹҲ
˼ӰǡҲûָǶ⣬պһģǵζãû򡣡
˵ɫһ㣬Ҳûô˳ˡ
С˴˹ȴĹͷ¡
үһֱ¶أүʮˣǸιүúðһ£ֲ֪ô⡣
һС̾˿Ҳǰһֱ£Ǹ飬Ҹȶܶˣүڲãʲôϲ
ܽЦһ£ſ˵㲻ϲҰԢ⻹ã˿϶ϲ
Сǰһֱֱʲôң
ܽķӦץסûᣬ˹ҵ¡
Ұһ㡣˵Уĸ٣ͻһȺɣҾٵӣɿڣ˳˻áҪ˹٣ŮҸˣҲףԸ˽٣Ҹ˼ףٺò
С˶Ļˡ
ŲҪңҲˣүҲͲóˡ
ǰǰҲͲøŷ˵ˡ
Ǹ˵СתͷܽСɻô
ҪʲôˣС
Сһûȥ˿ʱ顣
ܽӦˣԶˣϺܴɩҵ¡
Сң
ţԺҲۼҵһ⡣
Ѳüʡ
ãǷѵ㹦ֵľǸɡ
ָˣû˸ղŵ֪˸Լⲻʹӡ
˸յϲãͼǸС˻һСѾ߸һ˺߹
С̯ǰͣˣλСġ
Ƿ˴署Źʣ䣬е㲻š
Сӣ𣿡Сʡ
ܽƳȡһƿӣȻһ˰ҡ
ܽò֭һֺɫҰ֭ˮȾɫһ
Ǹϲһ鳢Ķɳڻģ̲סֳһ鳢
ر⣬Ͷܽ˵治Ҫôģ
ܽ΢΢һЦСʮһС˵Ҫ˼ʮףãǾͿģ滷żСģٸд֣һȺóֺÿ
ŸˣԿԣͰ˵ô졣
ҪһЩʮһҪСģ
һ£˵ɣ˳
УʲôʱҪ
ʱҽȡ˽Ѿ߸˶תˡ
Ϻܴɩ̾ԷĲƴָ֣ԼһӾ׬ʮġ
ǿ֪ܽȻѹ򣬵ȴɶɱֻҪ׬Ǯ
ɶܴɩЦеĸԷңףõģ
ִһ¼۸Ȱˡ
ܼԭҲǴЩ˼ңҲķӦһЦ
ܼҽ컹һϲ£ǾϵСץˡ
ΪǮܼһץֻСУͷС»˵طҲų⣬ľͳʳСһĿš
ܼҵȦԴӴץ֮ϵͿʼˣĽʵ˲٣֤ڷ絲ꡣ
ܶҲץһͷСץ͵жιǹСдץ˼ҵСһǾǴݡ
ڴڶܿһȺſݵӰ
ͷĻ깤ˣܼҸ缸ͻÿżɻ
ˣҲܽٸˣÿͰͷôԣϺɩҲѧˣҲ
һܽĥʲôµĳԵġ
һθңүرϲТ˳統ͷļ沶ǹˣر⡣
ˣܼǽ˲ٿˡ
ܽڽ̼ҵʱ򣬷ܶɩⷽرɣֽ˱ĻСϲСӡСϻʲôģܶɩĻֵģܽĿ࿴
ЩСҲõȥˣ۸ûҹۺӵ˼ҲСʱ庢ӡ
ӻ屳ɽһҲֻڿӻɽҲãҰζҲãû˸ҽɽȥ
Ϊɽ̫Σգɽɽ·˵ʲô޶УǡһС˾ͳ˶ԷĿ
Ҳ˶ҽ
ͷ߸Ժβ¶ÿĶͷüרעĿԶ߶÷¹еĹ¹߶ƶ
ǳǷ紵Ҷ󷢳ĸO@
ͻȻһ䣬ת򣬺ݺݵߵĲݴԡֻҵһУһͷ׳ҰȻء
ȥƲѸٵһһ÷¹Ҳûߡ
𹭼ϵĻҳ
ǰٽصɽһ΢΢üͷ
ƽܼҵʱܽԺιתͷÿ˲ֱܽձĸо
Ƹ˶ٴζǱްòֱͲǰĵС⡣
ܽ߹ȥкʲô¡
ƿЦһ£ڼæ
ڵģһ£ȥ
ܽѺԺص˳翴Ƹ˵úܡ
Ƹ硣
һļ򡰴ɽߣ̧
ϣ
Ͱһţ˵˾ͳȥˡ
ܽߵķ֪ȥˣСʱ˾;֪ιƸִɶ
翴Ƶһ
Ƹ磬Сʱײ̫ˣôҰһˣ
ƹЦǫ˵ûûСָͷ÷¹̧ԼǸҰߡ
ȰѶ̧ؼңϳŵͷͶԿ¶ûУ
İɣû¶⻹ΪѲҡ
ϵʹˣҲˣ
ư䣬ȡһҰȵݸ磬æ˵ҪԼҲûʲôæ
øϻϽţٺЦ£˵Ҳˡ
ˣתͷҪȥ¹磬ŵתͷܣһָܱͣл
ѹƺͷϿĿЦãֻա
Ͽһ´Ƥëһֻɫĺ꣬Ǯ
ֿ۵ϵ÷¹Թ˵¹ȫǱ¹׻ҩЩƤëˣܵüӣ˵ۼҲȱǮˣɱɽȥˡ
ﲻõģҲţֻﲻʲô
֪ͣʲôʱԸȢϱ
˵ˣķֱ̾
⺢ӡ


7 
ûؼңܽǽһ£͹ҽ
ܶɩڷ¸ܶ粹·Ц˵˼ֵ죬ԺϱǳԴˡ
ܽͷͬǸ˵Ұȶڣԡ
ܶɩ̥£֮ǰΪϲЩθˡ
ܼЩܽĵ£ĳЩ⣬ٿӪӡ
СѾȫصǰֺӡ˵ϳӣһԱıġ
ܽӵ԰ܼ˵Ϥϣ԰Ĳ˳ϲˣкö඼Գˡ
ܽժ˵СײˣСײɫ̣һرóԡ
ֳܽ˳ӲݣõǰιܼҼСѾһʮֻ
ÿĸ棬ԺߴߴģСϲιǡ
ܽ˰ײһ˿ʳǰ࣬һֵĳԷ
ļԽԽȣŶơ
극ϵ͵ƣѼĲϯ˳ܴɩܶɩһְͨϴõıϣѺװ˹óı
ܽҲһæһСպùһ˯
ͷϸһľͷӣ˸ͭһӣ֮ʲôûˡ
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˼Сһܶɩں棬ժôɽ髣һ¡
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СãҲȥСæ
С̫Сˣٴȥ
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СҧһڣЦе˵
ܽ˵һţӢĿܶɩźãԼӽ
СãҪʲôóԵİСʡ
СøƤɽ髸Ժòð
ãȻûԹС֪һܺóԡ
ܶɩòæջܽɽϴ˼飬üȥ˺ˡ
ٰȥ˵ɽ髷Žˮǡȼյľ񷢳žˮܿð
ܽ˴ǰڹɽ髽ɺһ㰾
ȵˣܶɩ˲ô𷭳ɽ髺ˮֶ
Сֽѹɽ髺棬ŵһԷɡ
ȸپɾˣ
ܽɽ髸⣬һֱæֱ̫ɽ˲ų
Ƕˣܽɽ髸͹Ƥܺ
ϵͺϣֵɽ髸رϲθʳֽ
СԵĶǰ֣ܽҲҸԣһֻԼ顣
ţӢܼȡ˳ܽһͨ²Լҵݡ
㶼֪ǸСýж֣˲ʳ˵ҪЩؼң
˵ССӣҼҲ԰Ĳ˺һͨȣ׷ҼµĸԺܣ˵ҪԼ⣬ƫƫǸСûЦǺǵ˵УɱԣĶιȥˣ
ܽҵʾ̵ͬ飬ҪֵĲ˱ȣܻԭرը
ţӢߺ󣬺ϰܽе˵ţСõ£ƲƲǡ
ţСӣ˻磬ţһӲðŰɣһðʰ
˵΢Цܽͷ᣺ҵĽҲˣܣСûʲôίˡ
˵ɶأӻҸŮˡܽüſںϥϡ
ЦһӻóһôҲǴˣƽͷؾĸʲôһҲҪ磬ҵĶݶʼ࿴ˣ
˵óһƥǳɫĲϣ˵ﻹ㳶һƥʱһȹٴϻҽ
ܽһֱüûǮżöã
ò˶٣ֲ޳Уİɣ˲Ǯ˵ҪﻹûǮ׬أ
ܽüͷƽʺϼ˶Ǯˣϲõ˵˿ˣ
ܽĻſģׯ˼һ굽ͷҲܲ˶ǮǰæһҲܸӡ
ü׬ĸ綼Ȣϱˣۼһø·С
ĸһʮһʮ˿ɼҵˣ˻һҪǵġ
֣ͲòˣĸŮ˺һŸԻطϢ
죬ܽ硢ţӢţһɽ
λصˣϵɽ髺ȫժˡ
ܽ˲ɽ髸͹ƤǹƤⶫŵסЩװŸСʳԡ
֮⣬Щɽ髽š
ɽ髸͹ƤܽܶҺ͹˼˲١


8 
ãܼͻˣԺæģͼܶӽԺ
ŭģˣܼ˶Χæôˡ
ø˨ӿ˵ͻȻؼң￴׵ϸߣ֪ǱŴģ

ֹأǸСҲ֣øҲߺ޵˵
ܼ˲Ȼŭ
дŭ
űϵĿһӣ˵ߣܼҺӶˢˢĸϡ
ʲôµСҲҪȥһק۾գգ͵Ŀ
ȥʲô
ϰСܶɩתͷԺ˵¹ȥҲУݻźСأ
ϵͷŶϱӣܶɩڼҵţܴɩҲ׷ȥˡ
·ϸܶǮϻϣܼ˲֪龭
ԭܴһֱƫСӣ׬ǮȫȥСӻˣܴСϰ˱ţ֪졣
ݿɷÿ쵱ִ߽ۣ÷ò˶ԣ͸Թ˼䣬ñ
ܴСӿֲ´һɿߥ޵ݾ͸ܴһٳžҪִˡ
СһԳţҲһֱɩӷǮͼװҲ
ܼԽԽµĲӶһڵܴżҴȥͬ˳ء
ôˣ˭ܼˣ
ҡҡͷһˣԷеඣ
ܽܶɩڼţˡ
ܽĴý㣬ǵöԷһԸˡСʱϵæµأͻȥܶôýտ
ܶǣŹܼңµʱϻܴͣżȺˡ
ܽ˹ƤСȥ¸Ӧ͡
ҴԸ̫ãҪǻң϶ָ츲ء
ýһϲǣǸŵģҪ̫֣϶Ҳ˵ġ
ܶ̾˿ǰ֪żҶٴĥء
ýżҾӣ
ܽʣ˵ܶôôý޹ȥ
Ķܶҡͷ
ҴĹΪ˺ܹǸ̫Ҳģġ￴ҼҵײΪ̤ʵڿϲ㣬ô޹ȥˡ˭ڴ㹫һûǸžͿʼڼֱ޷ˣԺԲ޸˼ң
ܽ˽ˣĻЦ£˵ٸ࿴˼ˣ
ܶˢĺˣͷһ£˵ð㣬Ҳ٩
ܽӦ£а
ܶݲȥģ˵ͷ
˭ĸģ
Ǵʯģͷأġ
ܽü˼Ժ･ôһɴ۾˵ʯң
ܶݺߵĵͷܽһӱ临ӣ˵ҵɲ̫á
ܶݸæ˵Ȼһ㣬ʯΪڷܸɣɱЩ˼ҵĶͶˣ
ʯʯңܽǰŸȥ㡣ʯ˫׶Ѿڣֻʣĸӣܶ˵ֻʯҴӡ
ʯҴĸȥ͵ҵΣͷûҲʲôȫҶһˡ
ôʶģ
žǴʯģСʱ򾭳ȥʯʶˡ
ܽӣﻰⶼάʯҴ磬Ƕˡ
أôģ
ʲôû˵ܶݵıȻܽüһ塣
ʲô˼ϲ㣿
֪ܶˣ˵ǣʯԼأҼ޸ֻܿ࣬䲻ңʲô˵ûýš
ܽ˿ʯҴӡ˲١
Ҳں̧ܶͷᶨҺʯ˻⣬Ҳں˹ģֻҪһģ϶ܰӹã
ܽͷͬҪǼ϶ҪȳԿͷģڻ㣬Ҫô죿
Ҳ£ţֳܶܽƻһЦȻа취ס
ǶأҪô죿
ܽ϶ϣܸܶԼϲһ𣬲ܶɲô룬ʯôãôԼŮȥ˼ҳԿ࣡
ɣҲһҵġ
ܶݳһô࣬ܽЦ˵ֻˣɲ߱ˡ
ܽ£ӦİɣҲ˵ġҲҪӦңûн֮ǰҪñ־룬ʲô£
ܶЦ˵֪ĴܽĶͷԼˡ
ܶݺܽһֱڼҵţϵǻʱ˶˯ˡ
ϺһˮŶ˵ˣǸǺһ٣ˣǸҲǺʰһ
һԳЦ˵Ǹ˻Żˣͷҽȥģֵܼŵöˣ
ֵܼǸЦܴɩҲЦ˵ǸСӣ˶һܣҺ˨ϱһٳһ仰˵
ҽأʲôˣܶʡ
ǸõģûסﱾΣǸֵҲһ٣ǶҲţѴ峤ֱӱ˼ҡ˵
ܶݸˣҽĶԣﻹûУ˼ңԺȥܺҽˡ
ϵͷܶϵһҵлϰڰ֣ܼҵĹ˭ίУ
ܶжҲڶ˵ʲô鶼ǣŹͻؼȥˡ
ýܴݻɷһϵһˣ˲ٶܽЦɣҲֳ֪֮˹ĲҲǸˡ

ܼԡͷѾһʱ䣬ܽҲʱԼҵˡ
һ죬ܼ򶹸Ե˷ܼҵ̯ǰ˸ӣдƷʮһ
Ƿ׷׼ǰѯʲôе˻˵þûܽ⣬ԭڼо³ʳ
Լ̯λϵܽ΢΢һЦ˽Źһû˵ʲôżǮ
һ
ҲҪһ
ҲҲǣ
ĸǮϼںŸװõСϵܽҪԼڼģܽ̾ԼҵգǱ֯ҵܹɽˡ
һõʱ򶼲ʹһͻһζ͸Ƥ·Ϳɿڵ֭ʹѾ˻̲ס档
һȲĳһ£ݴƤ֭˳磬ɴ۾
һֽ֭æҵ֭
һڰѰе֮Ǻ޲ðͷȥźϴ󺰣ٸװһϸӦϵĶԽĿ죬æµԽˡ
ܺãһʱҶȫˣвٿû򵽣ϧ˵úϼǵø
ڻȥ·ϣܴɩŽĻ𱬣ֺǵ˵Ӳ˸ˣһ˶ǲסοˡ
ҲЦȷʵǣҪȰǸʲôⶳ鷳Ľ׬Ǯԭġ
һӻֵߣʱԺһŴֲݵӣܶɩĶЦ˵ɶ
æк׼
վЦ˵ǣܶ翴ҲһĸţкҪӼæ֡
òãҳԹģ鷳ˣ۵ģǺúЪЪɣ
ܶɩҲȰ˵ԸԹˣкϲЪЪϲգӵˮ˵
Դ֪÷ϲ˾һֱţΪѲڲһжãҲͷˡ
İ׼ңһչ˺ġ
˾̽ŮŮɫģûʲôõӾͷˣ˵˻ͻȥˡ
ϽŷӻټҲ֪˶ã¸ĸġ


9 
ܽÿ춼ȹĸоϵ֪ÿ춼УСԸˡ
ܽúЩ̶ȥЩɸɣˣܽһ̶
ܽʢһ볢һ¡̶ȽⶾǻģɵζܽԴЩ
ԼһЩָÿ˶һ롣
磬һʱҲûʲôһ˺̶ڷط
ҶŷİڶO@죬ĿⴥĵطһƬɫ·ҰޣŽأʤա
һֻܼҵդϣСĿĿתĶС֣ͣˡ
һ˳ȤζĿץѣĿ֮£Сûжסѹˡ
ӣ֦ͷԲ״ŻɥСΧӵ֩֩ѰԲŵݸС
СĵĽһĲȥҹˡ
øӱ˸վܼ缸ɽȥץ㲻
ĵһæȥȥȥ
ܽһҲæ˵ҲȥҲȥ
ȥȡͰĸЩõϵĶ˼Ҵҵľߡ
ӻһر𳤵ĴӾˮƽĸŮϴ·һЩССϺر࣬ըСر㣡
ܽرģϲľȥץˡ
·˹ƣкһоͱС
˵˵ЦЦ˺ӱߡˮԶȥˮԵòԣͷϸɳСʯͷɼܿһЩСϺζ
ܽͷˮӰеݣЦݲãͷεգʲôʱҪÿ
缸ʼ׼ºӣøӰ򿪣߸һľţһһˮȥ
ˮȽҲĸͰں档
缸ȥ˸λͣ´εĹƻӻ֣ƿŪˮ¸ϡ
ܽŷֹƸ߾Ȼ绹߳٣ˮŸյϥǡ
ܽȹһȲ˸ᣬЬҲȽˮׯ˼ûôأŮºҲûʲô˵ġ
ܽ˶ֺˮ̫յůůģӵ׵ϸɳڽر
ܽҲˮĵط˸Сڰ׽ЩС㡣ӱкܶʯͷǴ˰ϴ·õġЩʯͷ棬Сϲڵ°ҡ
ܽĦȭƣС̧ǰʯͷʯͷֻ̧Сڵζܽۼֿ죬ȥ
ֻСܽϰ㵹ͰͷշŽȥͷȸԾĺö㰡
ܽԶԶţƴץ˲٣β˦ܼҸһˮĸЦͰװ
һǣܽԼİʯͷҵһʯͷһŵһв㡣
İʯͷ𣬽ĺɳˮ룬ֲܽŪ£ˮ涢ʯͷ档
ˮ峺ܽûһֻ۾ſ֫ˢĳ˹ôľ룬ܽ˸ϵ񶼱һ
һܽоԼͷŵöҪȴ彩סˣֱ㶵ԡ
ãʲô߳ܽ£ΨԶԶĿǣ
ܽԶ缸һתͷͿˮԵܽɫһ䣬󲽾ͳ˹һץסְ
ֻûߣܽԱͣţһһĵĽţܽӲĸľһ
ƵͷһžͰ߷˳ȥܽһ̹Ƽֱ˧û֮һ
ܽһӣ̲סЦˡ
㻹ǱʯͷˣʲôС
ܽ͵ͷǼʶˣлɿ̧ܽȾܣӰҷǳƿϵЦûȥ
ԺҲƺʯͷˣӰˡ
£ܽʵĴڰϡͷмϴ·ܽˣʯͷϴ·̲ס˸¡
˵ĴջѴͰװˡ׽С㣬Ͱﻹ㡢Ϻмз
ĸҪˣ˵ԼҪĸӷ֡һĶУ
ƾ֮ܽйƵܼЩһԡ˵ԣܾĻᣬŹƾܼߣ˵ԼСõжá
ܽжøҲȥЦҡҡͷ˵ܶڼˣأ
ĸִԼҵͰ˺üҲſ˵ˣͰȥˡ
ܼңùȥϢܽ׽㿪ʰɾ
ܽ룬͸۶һһϺֱը
ԷʱԱߣұ߾ܽ
֪ܽʳպãǱȵ̰ɫ飬ζըСִֽ࣬Ϻ͵رóԡ
̲סһһڣƸоԼŵˣЩ˼ĸܼ˵Լ̫ܳˡ
ܶ翴ԳˣļЦ˵ֻҪܽóԵģҲ
ƿܽҲڿԼЦоĪķ
󣬺ϻصùưѶȥһЩƸл

ǰ˶ңܽܶɩڳæѾеˣܼҸ缸Ѷ½̧ľƳ
ͰںԺιܴɩ緹кһ˳ԷҴҰ˼ھͳˡ
ǼУӿֵĺܣܼҵҲźá
ܽǰֵȺ
ͻȻһͷסͣǰ
ܽһ̧ͷϲĺţ
ܽеĻһ˽ŵĻźͰЦţͷ
þöȥżඣ⹫ڼҵأ
ܽ˵Լ֮ǰڼҰæһӾȥתͷվ˸꣬ĶҲ΢Цĵĺһ磡
ϹҲһϲӣզˣ
ϼ˳Ѽܵļˡ
ӱźϺãЦӦ
ԷûУ˵ϰ쵽̯λ棬˵
ǶԹˣ˵ϰ̯أҾŽôһƣǲ
ǽĳĳʳζãҲͶࡣզҲûȥ廹ò
öã嶼Ӳأ㲻õġ
ͷס֣ܽ˵뽿ˣͷһżס졣
ܽ˵ãʣӵӶûУɶʱװ
ˣ¸³
ģǿǺ°
ᵽֵĻźͺ϶ϲЦտںͷͷ
ϯĶûУûʣˡ
ϸأõĶˣ
УҪĶҪðæģӾ;ң
ӵͷһҪȥϰԼһװŽŵֿԶ
һЦݶûȥϲ̵ģؼϵƣɶôģ
ϰѺֵĻһ˵ϵҲǺЦ˵ͦͦá
..


10 
ܼҵĹرܻӭһЩҵķˡүÿ춼
ܼô׬Ǯ̻ѧôҲӣƤ̫񣬾ζûܼҵĺá
˾ܼķӣܣ˵ԼС⣬׬Ǯӡ
ۺ֮£˸ܼʹ
һ죬ܽһ̯ӣһȥȡõ⣬տգε˵ȥˣûˡ
ܴɩһüûˣզûˣǲǶ𣿡
ܴӣҲƭǣ˹ⲻҵġ˼ǴˣһСҪԷҲû취
ܽһͶˣԼӵˡ
ܴɩģָ壬ǸҴ˲ǸܽסȰ˼䡣
Σ˼ߣ⣬˵ⲻˡ
ܴɩŤˣܽҲüϺֵܼܼۻϢҲǻðɡ
˭ô𣿾ȻǣϺ޺޵ĵ
ܽԺһ˵Ӱӣſ˵˵Ǵˣϵֶͳһھǣ˵ԷһǾ⣬һһôģһϵĴ󷹹ˡ
ܼһԺ룬ӵ˲٣ϵľ¥Ҳвʵİ
ҲӦ¥ɵģڷԪؿѾãִ󣬸ȺгõĺһԲɫһ޶Ծӣ¥ݱȲ˵ġ
ܽһ˵꣬˵ǣϴǸƹߵʱɫͲÿһע⵽ۼ̯ӿ˺þá϶Ϊǲ߳ŭôɵģ
Ҳӡɫѿڿô죿
ܴ˵ȥ
Ҳûãû֤ݣϾˣȺΪƶģ˵һңظĸȰ˵ܴ磬ûٸɡ
ĸ˼ȫܴһӻɥǾͲˣ
Ȼ˭ۼҷƶУõģȻؼҰɡܽƽȡ
ڶ죬ܼҵ̯ϾͲ˹ӰŶӵ˿׷ײͬˣܼ̯ǰҺġ
һƶڰ˵Цתͷȥˡ
͵ʺϽΪɶûϾͰܼҵ˵˳˶ʱͬ飬ŭǸˡ
һͨҲֻʧȥ
ܽһۣ˵һ¥ͣ¡¥ϾµдŰζ¥֣ĿȴǺܶࡣ
߽ȥһ̵ĻƳӭͣ˵ǵƹӵġ
һ£ŵͷԵȣȥƹˡ
һһƹģ˾ͳˣ绹ɻ£ⲻǶֵܼСôҪʲôӰ
糯֣˵û뵽֣ƹĻǵҡ֣ƹ֮ǰҲܼӵ¡
Ȼķˣ֣ƹ¡
æ˵ǣڵ˵ķƹ񡣡
˵ķӣ
֣ƹͻƸɻˡʱܽͻȻ˵ƹİζ¥ҲЩˣκοǺ֡ˣҾ¥ûֹƹˣǾǶһݵ⡣
֣ƹҲʶ֪ܽģһ˵ʱȤ
СӸϷϸ˵˵
˷ֱǰ˿عϺˮƬһˣһζ񫡣
֣ƹһȷʵûЦܽһԡ
ҲǸˣĻҲЩСֶΣ߳ӣѺܽһˣǰ潻̸
˵ţŵһŨҵӺƢθ֣ƹоӶһ¡ܽ˵ˣˮƬ
֣ƹһͨͨˮƬζŨζϽÿӼһڳ
Ƭ۷ǳ˼¾ͻ˶ǣ̲סлƶ׷Ե㡣
뷹¶ǣ۵νǼ顢ʡ㡱һ壬ãð
翴֣ƹԶˣǿſˮûŻؼ˵ʲôҪСһ顣
ְܽѰ˿ع϶֣ƹĿŵعͷ˿ܽûü˵ͼһ
һ룬ָ죬˵ԼմˣûƸϽˮ˲Űѵعȥ
˿عϰε˿ҪմĻ׼ˮǰմһ¾ͺˡܽЦ˵
֣ƹźӵͷҲΣǳˣˣǮ
ζܲʤ棬ÿʮӣô
ܽĥһ£ĲߵҲ㹫Ц˵ǺãҾͰ˵ķ֣ƹˣһƹһ¡
֣ƹǺЦ˷ͷˣܽ˵֪ƹľӪô¥ߡⶼԼģԺÿⶩһЩȥ
˵˵ǵⶼǴԼׯ˹ģԺҪʲôǰ˵һˡ
ǾͶл֣ƹˣǮȡʱٸ
ⶼС£ֻСԺҪĥ²ҪӵĻһǰζ¥ˣ
Ȼġ
֣ƹЦļˡˣͲ²ඣ
ζ¥ݾڻҷֵ꣬һΪڷԪ¿ģԱ̾¥ѹĲӣҲ֣ƹĻأǺˣ
˱֣ƹ񻶻ϲϲͳʱܽﻹţ˵ĵ˾ѣ仰ǵĶá
ؼ˵飬ϸ˻ˣ⣬Ǯ
߽ӣСĴ˰ͷ׻ʮܼ˵һʲô飡
ϼ˵ôôǮ
Ҳ˵ɣҵʱ඼ĳˣСûһĸǸƹ̸
ȫҿܽһЦŰɣĲ֣Ժ׬ĸࡣ
һ˵ͷϰǮֱܼо嶼Ӳˡ
ԺﹾеСԺʳͷŹϿܽ
Ľۼܹĺӣһж׬ģСС;Ϊͣڸ˼ңϸˣۼҶԲס㣡
ܽΣ˵ɶأ
ϵҲͷϿĸӣ˵ĸҪǵõĺãԺҺˣҪ˭ҶԽãҲǵƤ
ͷһڣ˵ʲôڲڵģ꣬˵СΪô࣬ʲôҲĸӣԺίġ
ܴҲ˵ûгϢҪС׬ǮҵĴ
ܶҲڣҲһ
ͣͣͣܽæϼڶףúһ˵¸ִһ
ۼҵĹŮǶһˣ׬ǮȻۼҵģ˵ʲôǲǺõġ˵ֻҪۼӹĺãԺҼҲʲô£һĿ첻Ҫ˵ԼˣۼǮˣø
˵ţͷССҸСԣ
Ү
СĵһЦ


11 
СرˣΪ
缦һУС۾˷ܵĴӱܴͰȥˮܴɩһԵűӣӣЦƨ£´ȥϴ֡
ϴݳһ·Ҳ˵վŸ˵
ϣۼСô簡˯
Сҡҡͷõ·СһЦ
Ҳˣ·ݸܴɩȥСϰɣ·ϲ
ܴɩӹСϣɫ·ĵɫףСཱུģ
رɰ
ܽС֣Сܴɩܽ
ܽ£һڵ棬ܽߦģͷһˮ󵰡
棬٣ԸСܿĵĳ󡣡СЦӿʼԡ
ԣһСôȥĺóԵġ
С꣬һҲʰ궫׼ȥϰСľƳϣһȥ
⻹СôһȥڴˣľƳϣСһһεġ
ȵϣС۾Ĵ´ʲôܴɩܽǣССǹ֡
СܴɩͺǾȥˡ
ôܽҲǵһβôæ⣬úõĹ֡
ǣСȺƵšߵһ˵̯ǰС۰Ͱ͵ĿСˣܽȥһ
СѡһˣǺѿǼȵƵģ˳ػɫСһڣġ
ǰһȲܽСȥˣڱݡ
һ꺺ڱ̽ʹı飬ΧĹее㺦¡ܽˣСµıסĸ첲
ܽСϷǼٵġʵԷİѽȥˣҲǴ𺳡
ŸǮܽС䵽ͷ
СһοôĻȵĳ͡
дͣڰߣһľͷӱˮĴŰߣˮŷӿƮϸоʪġ
ԱһжĺȲϢ
ֹһ͵ʱܽСһ⽵⽣øԱѧ÷ſΣеľ͵⽵Է
Ǳ䣬Ž̵ݡСǣ۾ﻹ¶ġ
ܽͷ˵ǶԺҪƾٵġСˣٹһ꣬ͿȥѧýѧʱܸһϿѧϰʶĶˡ
С˵Ҳд֡
ֹСҡ塢塢壬Ƕֻдⶼ̫үүĹ֪͡˲ܵϴ֣һҪʶ֣صʶֵ˽̵ǡʶֶ࣬СԺҪǽѧãѧ־ͻǶˡ
ܽ˵ĶģܼүǸ֪ʶֵҪԡӴˣѧκֵܼĸֶߣҲֻѧ֣ûѡ顣
ΪʲôҪأ
׵֡μӿƾ٣ʱ˹Ϳȥ٣סϴլӣ˾ź򣬲ֵˡ
ܽô˵ҪСᶨѧϰġ
СЦĲãԺҪ飡Ҫѧ֣ʱۼ˶ź򣬲ֵء
ܽ⽳ˣִȥӹһȦ
Ź˺üӣÿҵص㣬ܽиͷһ춹ȥ
СűߵܴɩСһѳԵģüЦǽһġҪѵǮ룬ְѻʻȥˡ
Сӣٽѵ㣡
ܽ³һӵĺòˡ
ΪСãܶɩ˼С״ͷ϶ɳڳġ
Ž⣬ܽһֱˮƬԵǽһ񫡣
ϣС˵ԼԺҪ٣ȫסլǵúϱֿ䣬ϵҲЦ˵־ܴܴɩ˼Ŀᡣ
ܶܶɩĶӣһۣҲЦˡ
ֻĸֻϵˮƬȫûˡ
һԺֵĸС
ԺСǵãҸͿ֣Զǡ

ܼҵæµţһգۣͿ쵽˺μұ׵ӡ
⹫˼ܽǰȥ˳ס죬æżͷ£ʱǰһȥ
һסţ壬ܽҵӻеԶмء
֮Խô֣һ¡
˵һ·һ˼Ҫɱţţ۸һӣͷ֪Լõôһ³
ɿ֮ģּ䣬ԭϵĲܶţվˡ
Ϊ˸лɰ֮࣬ţڵɵл
ɻȥţһֱԭţ𽥵ıһʯԽԽ࣬Ӿͽţˡ
ܽţʱ򣬻ڴڿһŵţĴʯͷ
ŵţǰĻţĪĸо
߹һ߸ߵӡұһִܽˮ⡣߾Ǵĵÿڣͻεİӿڿúˮˮء
˴ܽѳǮ˸ϳˡּţˣڲصʱ򣬶ţڴ֮׬Ǯȥϼһĵģơ
ܽӣżߡ
ƿżҵĴľţ۵һĴԺӡԺʰĸɸɾȦַұéݡ
þûżҵĴƶʶˣܽĽС
ߣӴ⿴ܽϽµسӭ
ҵĽӴզԼˣҲ˴ţźȥ㣬ҲǷģ
û¶ţġ
Ҳȫܽοš
μҾ˾˺;ĸһͷҲЦĿġ
ܽˣμҾĸϿ˵ˣݣͷվţ
˽ŵӣܽڴϣμҾĸûˣӳģȾĸ˺Щˡ
ҸӶߡЦǺǵ˵
ܽЦЦţôû⹫ͱأ
⹫вסȥ￴ׯˡ磬ȥȡҪõľˡ
⣬ܽԺͷȷʵ߷˲ӡӣضΪϯ׼ġ
ͷԼùͷװһЩǡ͹֮ġ
͹żҶĲˣҴЩʱ򷢸μϯСҲͦõġ


12 
ЩУﻨǮʲôֵ˵һ䣬úμҾĸѶ׼
μҾ˾Ҳ˵һǮнճɳĺòõȵȡ
˵ţ⹫ͷƿԺŽͷЦģһۡ
ܽæ⹫
⹫˻ˣѳͷһžͽӡ
ɶʱģզȥأܽ˵Լյûء
ܽ⹫һִüĿĳࡣ
⹫еƫݣҲµƣ˿źܾ񣬴۾ЦеĿ
⹫ˣĶ𣿡
ûУ̫ȣûɶθڣ˵ʵûɶ¡
⹫ͣԡ򿪹ӣͷıӼвͰ͵ģóһֽĸ㡣
Կԣ
⹫һֱģ԰ɡЦ˵
Ǽ̶⣬Ŷ˺þˣܽһųԣ˵лл⹫⹫Цĸˡ
⹫СͶܽܺãμҾĸӣһֱҲûܽɰģСʱ⹫һ󣬸ϲСŮ
ǵø󼸸Ѽԣˡ⹫˵˵ˣġ
Ҫ˵ܽϲżҵɶһĲ԰
ż鳤εĲ԰һݺһԺԱߣܽҵĻҪ
治Ÿֲˣ⹫ֲ˹ӣֽݮһֵǲݮ
ϵƻɫģûû󣬵ŵ죬Ǻͨͨģ֭
˸룬ܽ˲˵ժݮݮ
˵дУʲô˶У۷ڲ˵ﴩ󣬿žġ
żҵĲݮںԺµͷִζܽȲϴ߲ɱ߳ԡ
ݮкɫҲкɫģûвݮ𣬵֣Ҳرóԡ
ժһ룬ˮϴɾܽСھߣ뿪ĵĳţ˳㶺˩Ĵơ
ӿ
쿪ˣӱҲž̳ˣһϣܽ˸˵Ĵк
ĶģμҾĸʶӡ
ģڹϵظɻҹȥһѣҵġ
ǾŰɣ˸ԡμҾĸЦ£ϷŽһС
ˮǸմӾģģЧʲô䶼ǿ
μҾĸղζܺãܽźμҾĸĳգļˣֱܽвˡ
⹫ƵѼҲõܽĸ߶̵ʣֱ͡
극ܽŵĽ˻˾żμҾĸ
źֽϲ֣ڴϣַҲˡһ˲䣬ϲµķΧ
ڶ죬Ҳˡ
Ҫæе࣬ļѼȫˣҵطţҲҪԤ
μҾ˾ľ˲ΰʣǲ֮ǰҲھӽ˷Ժ
ܽŰæ˾ȻеæμҴ̹ź˵㡣
һĻд̼ҵı㣬ܽ꣬˳Ҳͦ㣬ƤһũҶŮҪףһɫȹӣͷϴĵǵҵĹŮ
Ժӽˣ͵ȥˡ
μҴŻԼҹŮﺰҪˮμҴ̾Ҩˮȥ
ܽСϣڴľϴˢ꣬Ҳҡҡͷ
㣬Ǳ̷̻ˡ
ɫÿҲһźμҴ̳ˣ˵㣬Ҳ̫žˣôˣզˮҪź򡣡
ôɶӣϴ޼Ҿ˺ڼ˵ϻ
ҲԺˣĸܵô˵
Ҳ֪ǾͲҵġ
һţŭͲ˵ˣߵģ⸱ӣϵĶһˣ
Цһ˵޳ȥʣһˡҲִ֪ʲô⣬ҿҲǸһʸ֦ģҲգܲ˾ͱˣôɡ
ŵĻμҴѹ֪˵ЩΪãҲȷʵں㣬Ҳû취
ܽˢ꣬һ·ֻǲ͸ĸ˵ȥżҽꡣ
μҾĸԼòôֺ࣬ͺμҾ˾ֲڣҲæţȵȣԼֻ͸һȥ
ߺμҴ룬ûǲŹŮһҧԺμҾĸ˵þȥݺȥˡ
˺һܽſ㲻鲻Ըĳˣ°ͣһߡ
һ·Ҳûô˵ΪԼ·ܽ·ŤŤȥƵģʲôʱܽ赽ꣿ
㣬΢㣬һȥҪء
һ£˵ʲôֲһ
תͷϸϸԼãÿũȴףҲã˭ϲ˷
Ŀ˵˵㰡ԼҲЩѲɻҪһӵĿӣ㳤ҲʱҸ˼Ҽˣ֡ſڣźţգһ
ҾڵӹͦõİҺ⡣
⣿ˣ̷򲻹Ǹׯںܹʲôӣ
һ˵ԣҵˣ˵ϰ˸̯㰡׬Ǯͷ¶ģҲӲֵеڡ
ܽͣ˵ҵׯںȻȲ̷˼ܼǼ׬ǮͲñˡ
˵ֱ꣬ܽˣҲȺ첱ӴֵĴ޾㡣
޼ȷʵеСǮӴ޾ĴҲܿ
ⶼΪ޼̷ϸ˵˹ܼңūġ
Ҫҿ޾Ҳūڵϵׯںˡ
ż޵˼ڴ壬ѺμҴţƵʹ
ԭΪ޾Ǳ̷̵أһҲʲôö
ȡܽʲôҲûϼ˵ɫ糣ļæɻ
޾ںͷһɫѿĸʲôһ
ѾͷѴ붼ȹȫˣ
ܽһۣ͵Цã
μҾɫΪ޾ǲæɫأŮϲˡ
ҲæĲˣľͽϢҪء
ϺͺμҴ˼һպһޣ޾òڴϷȥġ
ܽҲû˯ãоԼ˯ţϼĶ
ϲ̧ӵ˵ˣϵҲֵܼĸһҪӱȥҽ
ϲҵģǴһоӡ
ϲμҾĸױһҪŽȥңϽΡ½Σ붴Ϊ̴̯ԡ״Ԫ򷹡
һ㶼ڳÿ϶ȡ˵ĺáڲʡ˵黰
³һ㶼ͷţйͽӵġ
μҾĸͺôһӣҲǧѡΪܸڿ죬ﶼã͸Ըų档
μҾ˾ΪľҲСлˣμҾĸصȥһ
Ȼװμ򵥣Ҳʮ˴ͷһˡ


13 
ӱ紩һѣȺɷģЦرġ
ʱһͳȥˡ
Ҳ˵õĹæһʱȻģҲû֮ܽء
һǣܽ㵽šԺϲԽԽ࣬š⹫кμҾ˾Ƕæдˡ
ܽ޾ԺһĵĻȣЦĻ֦Ҳġ
һ˴Զӱ̧Żε˻ˡ
˾˸Ͻſڵȼ̣žɫֽмںμſڣϲǳ
ӱӭ˽ϲ½νݡͷ̧һױԺӡ
ԼĴӣҲѡЬ棬衢һױ̨ͷΡ
˿ļױ۷׷ףױ񣬺μȢ˸ϱ֮ġ
ﱻμҾ˾ˡĸףһ˰ءְݸã޶԰ݣɡ
μҾĸ˵ｻõ˼ǰοи
ͷӱԼҵĺǰһһŮСǽϲͯ
ͷվ˽ıͣСк˶຦£ڴϲϹΧǹȰ
СкȻϹİᱧһӣСкȻڴϹ˼ұһЦ
ϲĲڴϣӱ˸ͷ¶˱ɩź˵
˺˽ƣһ壬ܽںͷҲż֡
˵˵žҪֶܽǰסɩҲִ֪磬ץӱȥȾȥˡ
ܽɩ˼䣬ȥһӸ˵ӡ
ȷʵ˵ۣùԼȥϯ
μ˴ϯϼ⡢ⶼУ˳Եĸˣ黰һһ˵μҾ˾ЦնղסһϯԵǱ
űͲɢˣܼҲҪȥˡ
֣ܽҪýɾ˻ȥμҾĸҲ˵ǴţʣôǲҲҪˣϾ͵ͷˡ
⹫ֲᣬ߶ܽ͸⹫ݰѽʣµǿ顢ɹɶĶݸܽûȥԣͷĴ޾ը˷Ρ
⹫ϼһôƫ򣡣
ܼϴţ߳ȥԶܿվ֡
ܽ᲻ǣϰο˵ٹǡ

μҼû³۵ʱܵǵǿһӭ
ÿܼ̯ӻûϣڿʼŶڵȡ̯ǰ˼ˣΪһԲ
ӶˣŵλõƣĵܼҸá
еĿ˾ʣզɶʱԣɶʱ
ܽʵҲڿˣԺҪƷܲһֱľƳưɣ
ȱ˵ľƳƲ˶٣˵;͹ܻȸճ¯ĿڸвһЩ
ܽ˵£ҲҪһ棬ܽ˵Ҳö󣬾ʹ̨С
Ȼ֮ǰҲ׬ʮ·ãҲʺ̫ġ
ڼ׬Ǯܽ뻹ˡ
з磬ҲɶԺҪбҪĻٴѹβҲ٣ϲԼһһӡ׬Ǯ
ܽĵûԪһر֡
λӷԪߵλС¥ζ¥ͻȻƾˮƬͰ˿عһԾ϶¥Ĵˡ
¥ƹŭˣȫûܼС̯˹æźͰζ¥̨
ۡͲ˵ģʳֵĹǺ£
ˮƬͰ˿عȷʵóԣⷬٶҲûʲô̫Ч
¥ƹʼ˭˰ζ¥ӣ˰ѶԷӸ뷨
ζ¥òײŻ֣ƹô⡣¶ʮ춼ϵĸʲôƵģ¥ɶҲ
ܽ˵£صȥ˰ѻ𣬸ζ¥˲ٿζϵĽ飬ζ¥˵ĸԼĲ˵һʱ糱
֣ƹΪ˸лÿׯѡʵ͵ܼңǮһ룬֪ҪӣŴ
ⲻͷ˴ܽͺȥӡ
˵ҲɣӾܼҰ̯ǸλõĶ԰
СԱߵĲԭһңϰòôռ䣬ʹǽһС⡣
ԭһԷɹģ˰˷ԪصҲͿ˳֣ƹÿ춼ڽϻƴСտһͱǷˡ
ܽûưæлСʣպáŸڵĲһǮǮһ꣬Ǯ󣬵ϸǮʱȻоڵѪ
£̵ܽĵؼ۵˽⡣
ôС涼Ҫһ꣬ҪҪʮٴһľ͵ʮϡµⶼֻǵ棬סˡ
˲;ԼˣŴȥסˣж͸¶Ľ
˼ͨͨ˼зɶǮ˰
ǮܽͺƿŽӡ
źխཡ׳˽ֻܵͷһ˽˾ͽˡ
ڲϰͷɨĺܸɾܽͺϵҲڴɨʲôһߵġƽ̨Ͽ˵ԺͰ档
ǰһ̨ԱһƬյأסĶ
̿˸ڣһ۵Į̧̇ڻ
ͷһľ壬һܼ˲ڵʱ򣬾ͰѴڵľһͷһţ˭
ȻСִܽ⿴羰Ǻ
ǰСţ֡ǰǺӰҡĴյˮ沨ԣһСͣںӱߣˮĲ΢ҡΡ
ܽţԺÿվ⿴Ҳˡ
ãֵܼܼͿʼѼҪõĶÿͷ
ܼӵҲܼ򵥣ͽֱܼ̣С
һһĶ˹ܽҲʼоԼҵĲ˵ּµ㣬ֱǧڱͺ
ܽݵ˵Ŀζ΢˸ڼһβá
ùͷϣ֭Ũɿڣʮϣܽʱ򶼿ˡ
ϳ϶ֻȺܼڱ߽ʲôĴ䣬ܼұض׬Ǯ
ΪɱߣԶҲŹ󡣺һ룬һǧڱһ
ǧڱܽҲĵģǰƣƤģһһƤĸǣڹѹʵӲܵõһǧڱ
е׼׼ˣܼ˾ͿʼÿæĲ·
֣ܽԴ¶Ҫһֱ磬ÿ첻ľ͵ĹûС
ɵø̾׬Ǯǲװ


14 
ܼ´ÿ˵Ķ
վڴǮͷĸͺڵ㡣
̨ܼ˿鲼͵סߡ
ͷ˸棬Ϊ˹ܽͣһһķŹ
⼸ˣһﶼתɼжС
ζ˺ԶȥŶӵҲԽԽࡣ
ǧڱˣúá
ѱݸԷ̧ͷһһλһЦ˵ϰ壬ôҲ϶ˡ
ڲϰЦ㻹˵أô㶼Ŷӣɼã
˵Ҹ͹ȥãʲô
װһǧڱ
ʵ̫ˣŲʱȥ롣
ľͰʣ룬պöϰװȥˡ
ϰЦĿģûؼҳȥˣ˶ʱˣͷĺϼ˿ץ
ܽæĽŴףһͷ
ܶɩ˵£ҲסˣҪһæ
̥ܺãû¶ˡ
˵˭ϱҲûһĴڼµظɻĶеǡ
ܽԺæģȲ
Ͼÿ춼ôõ·ϣܵˣܶɩɲһܵˡ
⻹ĵһӣɲܶɩʲô¡
ܶɩΪãֻðȥæͷҲܸоԼ԰׷ġ
ǣܶɩͿʼڼһɡ
ÿԼιĸڿˣһһ˵æ޲ðϵĻѼﰲŵװףϺܴɩҲȷʵûٹһġ
ͷæ緹ʱ䣬һЪЪˡ
ûô࣬ĸܽӣ˻ȥˡ
øСһԱߵð
ڲʮ֣ԼԼѹȲ裬ŷԪ¡
и˵֪ҿˡ
զˣһ
˵̽ףʱͻȻ˵һС檣бȥһôţ
ôˣ
С檻ʶˣƽźѾ֮һ
ϵķһֻ˵ʱŭ;ڣ檶ڵʱһףŵŶԶԶģȥĥǸС檣С檡
ĸܽԴĽζ˵򣬾ž˾ŵغզˣ
ϰҲæӺͷҡŵڵϵˡ
ܽĸһһʮҵڵϣ˫ʹסԼϸɫ԰ףڴ礣죬ʮѿ
˹æϵֱ£־Ѿʼˣʮˣоһ˾Ҫȥˡ
Ǹͬ鶼ɵˣһ仰Ҳ˵
ô찡ҽԶţӣ˻о𣿡żŴȡ
ȵĲ裬ҪǳɶҲƲ尡
ĸеԥܽ侲Ŀĸ粻ô࣬зӾԡ
һ˵ԣԣСҪʲô뷨ܱȷ⸱ǿ
ĸͷ˾ģԡ
һֱθĸŬ䵱˽Ŵǿġѵϵ˿쵽ϥϷֱȻһ£ѹԷѨ
κɫһ㣬оԼĸۼ˲٣˵ˡ
ĸʲôָ̧ϵӡ
Ǹͬæ˵ǣղų˺Щӣզģж
˿ϰæҡ֡
ιιιҿû¶Ӷʵģҿûϵ˵Ͻøʲô¶ûС
û¶ӦԼƢθг壬ֳ̫Եʡ
ĸ˵ţְθĦ³١
ɫǲ԰ףŲҲ鸡ĸ˵ںõˣǿȥҽݰɣҾͻЩٸˡ
ͬ˽ӹȥĸ˵鷳λСҲһȥɣʱҲðæһ£ɶ˵Ҳ˵
ĸҲǣʹӦһȥ
ܽԼҸ磬æһӣҲһˡ
ҽȥԱȽϽá
õſɹŲҩģĸһ۾ͷŹ⣬͵͵˺üۡ
ܽ;һĸоžԼͷĿЩѭȥҷű㡣
һϴϣźӿҽ顣
һŵҩԱ߷˸ӹȡҩ߷һӹţұǼҩҩޣڻ¯Ϲཹཱུ졣
ǽϴҽʣôˣ
ӽڲŲ裬źͻȻһӵˣȻͿʼŶð亹ģˣλС˵п̫ӵ¶
ǣҿӣӳ̫˶ͰѨθӴ³ˡ
ϴԿĸһۣϵ˰Ҳãֹ۲ɫ̦ʼѹѨѨ
ĸţԼﻵ£ϴһԲˡ
һ֢״⣬ɫʼָϴ״Ϊ㰴Ѩλκ˻ָɫ
ϴ֣ҩ￪ӡ
ûˣҸ㿪һҩȥʱáߣԺͱôˣҪСӰ㣬ˡ
˼һ鼤ֶĸСɵľ֮¼סˣһŵл
˵ָоĸܸˣ˵زأԼҲǲµģûﵹæͺˡ
˲˵ǫĻֱл⣬˵һš
ϴҩݸ˵˼ҩͷõķ˾ͱѲˡ
ĸûżߣֻȥµϴ򣬿ʣߣֹӳԶжɣ
ϴĶĸˣ˵ȷֹΪҪѨ
˵Ѩܰ˵Ƣθθۺ͸ۡ
ϴͷĸʦӺδ
ĸ˵ûаʦСʱ˽Ŵ˵Щסһ㡣
ӻǰס˸˽Ŵ򣬶Ҳ࣬͸˿ССʹ
ĸСʱ˺漫ˣȥβ
˽ŴĸĻͦ棬żҩ֪ʶ
ѨĸҲȷĶղŻԼûأżˡ
ûʦϴЦˣûȱСҩͯԸΪʦѧҽ
ĸɴ۾ܽץסĸĸ첲пϲ
֪ܽĸСͶҽȤΪľһҽ˵ҽߣ˵ֱһĺûᡣ
Ը⣡ĸش
ϴźӹЦˣؼҺ˵һԺ͸סãúúѧϰҽɡ
ϴҲˣ˼̳²ܰɻˡ
ඣɲඣ
ĸڻȥ·ϽŲƮƮȻģ黹þòƽ
Ժѧҽˣ
ܽҲģѧҽĸԺͿԿҽݵ𾴣ׯǿ˲֪١
ѵõģ⻹ĸϲ¡
֮ܽ˵ϢȫҶ˻ˣĸ˵˵̡
ĸļ֪ĸһֱϲЩܸܵˡ
ϵ˵ȻۼûһˣһҲǺ͵ģ
Ҳ˵ǣʦúѧԺۼ˭ҪҲˡ
õϴ˺ܺãĵԺҲ̫ġܶɩ̥ϴ򿴳ģϴ΢֪㡣
ĸЦݣ˵Լһúѧ
ܽһҸˣصذ֣ƹһ飬һӺòˡ
ϵȥܶһң֪ܶҲˣһ̳Ӿƹ˺úףһ
ֹ󣬺Ͽʼĸʰ
ʦͽϵڸĸϵһʦӾҪ뿪ĸͼ涼ܼһʦżȫʦֻ̣ܽѧɲܻ
ϴǸˣĸԺ¡ڶԻ
ܼϿ̣Ҳڼĸ硣
ĸ绹ԼȥҽݣԺԼæϻæϺѵһͨ
һ˸ĸ׼˰ʦ񣬿ϴͷϴѵԴ˾ҿʼѧҽˡ


15 
˸ˣһʱܼ˻е㲻ϰߡ
磬ÿĸ˫ԵһߣھʣԼ˯˯š
ĸˣܼʣĸˣæ
ܽһ£Ͳ򶹸ˡ
ûʯĥÿ춼Ҫܴܶڼ͹ʱֺڵæƷ׬Ҳûôˣ󲿷ֵĿ˶ǳġ
ܼ˾ҲеԻܳٶ
ôǸ׬Ǯķӣ룬ȥܶԸԸԣʱҲһڸС̯Ҳ׬Ǯá
ֲܶأæ˵Ը⣡
Ȼ˵ǿŴԽԽãӣҲĽġ
Ȼ±⣬Ҳûлֵ˳׵䣬һӻøǮȢϱҲ֪²ܹҲųء
Ҫ˺˵ĶԣҲЩ
ˣܶл
ϰ֣Ǵ󷿹ĺˣк¿϶ҲһŶ
ܸܲ⣬ŵܵһҺ
ܽпյʱܶʹɩѧϰԡҪ±֭ζܽصؽ˺ü飬һ԰ָûվˡ
ѧܶһҾͿʼϰ̯ϻصظȥԼԭλðڣ˶ࡣ
ܶҶǰ̯ɴͰѼĶ
ʲô԰Ĳˡµĵ׽ܶĿ𶼴ϣҲ׬һʣϵЦݶ˲١
ҲûãЦˡ
ýŴԺߣĸŮ˾ﳳ
ָܶܶݣĻٸ˵һ飿
ܶݿҪ޸ʯ磬ϲ
ʲôʱϹϵģǲ˵ʲôƭˣ
ܶü˵˵ʲôأʯˣ
ܶʧˣǻܺ޸ѵ֪ʲô𣿡
֪ҲҷҪ޸ġ
ܶһɸֵӣ㻹ǲǸңҪҪƤ
һ˵˵ɣ֪ˣҪãʱ޶ûطޣ
֣ܶܶ˵ϲʯ磬Ըһչ˵áҲӦöҪǸԼϲһӹʲô
ܶԼֳܶ˵Ļ
ҿɲʲôϲϲģҾ֪޹ȥ˾͵ܿࡣ
ܶſڻ˵ֱӱܶϡ
İɣǲ޸ġӽţĶҲȥˣ
ҲܶӣܶͳȥˣְŸˡ
ܶȦһ죬
ܶҲûõĶȥͷܶݳﺬᣬĿ˵
ߴʯ壬ʯڴţ۾ѵ·ԶԶĿýŵӰӣһվ
ýŹʯ۾ŵĿдСִһ˿ڴʣô
ýҲû˵ͳҡҡͷһӾͿʯɣýΪ̾һлˡ
ʯȫûýŵȥԭվ˺þãʬȥ
ܶ˵һֱܶ˷
ܶݱϣԼҵ֪ܶ³Ĭ˺þãܶҲû˵ʲôܶһӾʧˡ
ôɩһϱҲ֪ô죬ֻεĵͷԼĻ
ҪóܶһٳûϳţķΧżˣڹܶ
˨룬˸ܴݵ˿šܴ˵£ͷ¼ĻܶݿһȰ
ûеõκЧܶݷ䱾ʼʳˡ
Ѿǵڶ죬һڷϣϴܶͷһһûķˡ
ܶʱλ󶯣վܶݵбһӱԷΪ˸˸ҪҪģʲô
һ仰û˵꣬ܶһ˹ȥžһء
ȫŻˣæҪȥҴ
ܶһ˹ܶϣҡĸ첲
ܶϽϰУҪȥҴܶתѣסȥˡ
ܶ˵Լˣûɶ¡
ܶݴչܶͷһƫ࿴һۡ
ܶݿڵϣޱʹ࣬һ䣺
ȫҶܣСӻԼݣȥϵ˺ϸܽ
֮ܽǰ֪û뵽ֵôء
ϵҲ˹һһȰ
ܶźϵ֣˵ɩ˵ҲΪ˶ݺð
Ҷףһĸ׵ÿŮܿأ
ܶ᣺Ҿ޹ȥ֮ô󣬴ҲûʲôػЩҲԲ˰
̾˵ˣҿݵӼǿأͲ³Կˡңж︣ʹģȥǲԺȵ˼ңûб£ԲĿˣ
ӶԼӪģҲ£ֻҪһģ¹ãʯǸúӣڷܿϸǳģݻи飬϶õģЩãһ᳤Ĳǣ
ܶû˵ʵ˽һ⣬Ѿҡˣһ˵ĸˡ
ͶܻᣬҶݼ޹ȥˣڰ㣬ҲԲʲô࣬ʯҸĸˣҲõδŴĥݰ
ܶͷ˵ԼˣǰͿ
ͷţܽܶݵӡ
һһûܶݾݵĲУϵⶼûˡ
ܽŹϣӴ򿪣ͷȺӡ
֪ûԷ˰ɣԵӡ
ܶݿǿЦһ£˵ԼԲ¡
֪ʲôİɣҽæȰˡܲܳɹ㶼óԵ㣬㻹ҪҪˣ
ܶ˸ҧһڣʵ̫ˡ
ˣܽ˵ΪҲ˲ٻȥϰ̯ҪǺµھӹΪַڣûʱ䶼𣿡
ܶΣ˵Ҳã̫ˡ
ҶҲβģԺǧɵˣ
һӵݸ˵кϢˣԵ㣬صظġ
ܶݽӹܽЦ
һϺܶݡ
ʯɵͬˣֻԺҪ˿ͷɱҡ


16 
ܶҡͷܶϴ
ϵҲˣܶݿſ˵ˣ޾ͼްɣˡ
ܶɬŵﲻ֪˵ʲôá
ܽһҼ״ͻȥˣԼ˵
·ϺϵզȰܶ壬ϵҡͷ˵ûȰֱӰܶѵһ٣ʯһѹŮƳܶԼҲڣôһѵûвӵġ
İЦܽ˵ʱ򣬿ϵܲô룡
ܶҵϢˣܼ˾ͿʼæԼҵ¡
̫ͦƵģϵǳüͷ
զһ겻ϣѲɽ껹Ҫ
ܼ˶ŷǴΪ׬ǮׯڲһһҪԶ᲻°
ܽûϵôУŵ찦̾ģҲеϣϽꡣ
Ҳϵũܽ˯ͻȻһ죬˲䱻ѣ͸Ŵͷưôꡣ
ϸϽ·ųȥԺļϻؼѣָϵȥȦһ²Ż
ĵڷˣЦǺǵĿŵꡣ
ǿģϾɵéݿɲˡ
ܽоµıʪˣһ£ӷֱϡ
Ҳˣ͵ƣȡ˸裬ܴɩܶɩҲǣ׷׹ˮ
ôһˣܽϵ·ͱʪ˴룬ʪϡ
ϰܽѱݵϷɣְڴβˮ
ŵδδܽԺ˵ۼҸ·ճ̣ͷ´꣬Сꡣ
İɣͷأǮʱ򶼸ש߷
ã
ܽشԺ˯ˣȻ컹ģûʲô
ˣԺ˺Щˮ۳СӴſȥ
ǻҪȥ㣬һ˶ķ굽ϣʹɡܽЬȹڶʪ͸ˡ
ܴɩӣϽôһü˺ˡ
ϰ̨ȼΧ̨
򿪲ţǻȵ˵ô껹㰡
ôҪǻ꣬ͲˡЦŻ
ãٸʢ
ϣ
ϣҲˣһӿƴ
⿴濴ܶԼֶ˰Ѵɡǰ̯Ŷء
Ͻȥ˽йô꣬ͷĶأ
ܶ˽ܴɩһʢһ뽪ȥ
ôզ̯Ҳ¸Ⱦ纮ˣ
׬һһ㣬˵ͣˣĳԽԽ󡣡ܶ˿ڽ˵
·ҲûɶˣҲôãҪǻǾͱˡ
ܶ˵ǣѶͷܾܶˡ
ˣǶ࣬߰ʲôУҲŲ¡ԱҲа̯ģִŴɡû¶
û˵ʲôܶ˺꽪ֿ˿·ȥ̯ǰˡ
µĻģҲп˳ֽɡ㣬˻Ǳ˺ܶࡣ
˳ʱ˸ˣԾ͹ӣһ˻ȥˡ
ܽûڹܱģһ˱оеƤˡ
ͷģڱҲ
ķܶɩģһ滹顣
˷ܽͻӣܶɩЬס
ΪһŮңЩǱѧġ
ܽⷽĻͦõģֻܶӣ߻ҲЬɵĲ̫á
ܶɩϸɣɵЬžȣЬмϻͼ߼Σúܡ
ﲻæ⣬ƽڼҾЩջܹ˾úŻǮ
ЬװҪȣϡϡ̲룬鼷һţÿ
⣬ɵʱһҪսһ£ȻͻɵſЬϡ
ܶɩģ˵ʾܽܽѧҲ档
͵ƣܶɩĸµĶѾܿˣʱ˿̵߻ᣬɢĸԵĹԡ
ܽЦ˵ͷȥѧһ˫ͷЬʱҵСֶֶŮ
ĶÿڼҾˡһæ⹻ˣվͺúЪЪ˲١
ûݣͷЬСõ⡣
ɩ˵˵ЦЦܴɩڴ߲֪ʲô
ܴ籧Сѣͷһµӣʣôˣɶأ
ǰ˸Ҵţҳջһˡ
ܴ粻ʲô˵Ǿȥ£ֲԶǼɶ¡
֪Ƥһֱܸоûɶأ
ܴǺЦһοƤҲһǻջȥһˣʲô¾֪ˡ
ܴɩ߿£ﻹǲ̤ʵ
һֱûͣļƣʱ򻹹˿磬Ҷ׷ɣܽԼéݶƷˡ
ϵ滩ֿ꣬ʼˡ
զͣȥǽ͸ˣˮҪ˰
ӻҲôѰ˼
һҹȥѾǵˣ껹š
ϣ峤ܼҾϵſڸ˵䣬ʱɫá
峤˵ϴļݶƷˣͷˮҲˣˮļĺܣͷˡ
һҪˮɣ
˵׼ӽǼҶҪʹ峤ȥˣ϶˯ء
ؿڣۼڵƱȽϸߵĵطҲԶҪȻҲ˯žˡ
ϵ´ϲñȥַ˰ѳͷߡ
ȥ￴ˮˡ
ܼĶܷһȥֵҵһ׾׷˳ȥ
ڼŸż˵үۡ
ȥɺѲɻҪˮ


17 
ͷ˶ڵˮأˮˮ̫ˣ﹡ˡ
ͷˮﶼһģܼҵĵм䣬ͷǴңͷȪҵˮ
Ҳڵֱ֡
ϸãһҰ﹡ڿٰͷͨǸϽѵͷˮųȥɣôȥӶû˰
ˮĵƴӸߵֻܴͣͷųȥ
ϵӦ۲Լҵˮ
ȪҲ˽ˣϱŸͷǳǺ塢壬ͰͨǷˮɣ
ϵæֻ̧Ӧ˵ãͷ̾
Ȫһҿ治Ƕôöϱˮ
ֵصʱҲǰ⺢ࡣϵ˵
һ˵ҪЩĵֶΣȢôõϱ
ϵȪһҲʮֿϣһ䲻˵
ϱøͷѾ٣æӹȥ֡
һ˿ˮĴӵȥûôˡ
ʱСĴڵϡ
ڴſڣϵӻˡ
զˮųȥû
ˣҲСˣûɶˡϵ
ЦĿɿˣͦĲݸϡ
ۼҵ㣬ˮʱҶŵģŸͷСһԣ
治СۼյʱӦܴͦˡЦ˵
ζȽأøֱܽܽһ㡣
ˣܽ͵԰ȥժˣһȥŷͷĲ˲ٶˣˮ
ܽˣͷ˼ûˤõûȥָһ
յĲ飬Ӱʢܼ˾͵׼Էˡ
ܼҵĴſţһתͷܿľɫ
ͷϸϸţнܼҵĴһȥ·ϲӰżڵַߣڵϵССצӡ
ԶصɽĻԵøʣɽǰƶĵƱ仯ǸȺɽһ㱡ɴ
⾰ɫ̫ˣ䣬һסɵĸо
Լʢһ뷹һЦˡ
զˣ⾰ɫȷ
ܽӹ룬һ㣬˵ǻǷ㡣
һЦˣ˵ҵκǻˣĹӶˡ
ڵο󰡣ʮһˡܴɩ̾˵
ȷʵֹһЩҲû˵Ķȥ
̶ܴ࣬ɩСԣ˳˵ҿǰ˲ûӰҲ֪ʲôģ
ܶɩÿڼ֪飬Ц˵ýţǴв˼Һӵ˵ˣҲۼҺüˣҪܺĵ˵أ
룺䵹ǲȷʵøɽ࿴ˡ
һǺһ̿ɤɤǿԡ
Ͽӣ궼ʮˣզģɶһӵϹ
˵ܽı
զģ濨סʲȥϹǿ쿴һۣûһ䣬ȥȡˡ
ȥ˵һżأ˼ҹƸʮŶûżҼʲô
ܽͷӾٵúãƸνĴʣˡ
˵⣬Цһ˼Сӱȣ˼ΪТڲȢף˵˼Լͣ˹Ȣ㻹˼ұȣ
Ӳ˵ʲôТ׸ҵĽڣׯںĶôЩء
ӾͳСӣʲô˵òȥŰƤ
ͷֱ㣬˿ֱЦ
ͬĳڹ˼ңͷÿӴ
㻹治ˣˣ˼ô󣬺Ӷˣ
Ҳ㣬ŷЦ˵ԹɥᶼТ꣬Ҫǳ׾ǲТˣѵŶҲТ
ϵΪҲ֪Ǿ仰ô˵ţˣ˵ʲôТ꣡
˵ǣǵɲھְТӦġ
ϻɵĿԾЩְ߰λҲ˽⣬ƵĵҲûü˵ɥȷʵйԱ䣬һ˵еˡ
˵ģ
ĲȻģ֪عغжأڿǧ˵׵ˡ
ϲ֪˵ʲôã治ף㲻ڣ
ڣ
һӽӣ˵ԼС˵ɣ͹
侲ϳѺۣеңС˵ˣ
ϵԶԶĴŵֻ˵ˣ˵ϸأ
ðɡѰˣ̾˿
ͣˣ˲ʺ硣
峤ﺰȥļݶƷ޷ֵܼܼʰʰҲȥˡ
˺ü죬ʹסˣƵܡ
һСܼС棬һȺҲûȥܼԺ
ܽȥͻȻҲĴ𣬴żСӥץС
ĸСץ·ָһСΪӥվǰ涢ǣŬҸλͻʧˣС


18 
ţӢʱܽĻȣЦܽɣһԼҲ˽ȥ
ȥҵӥ
ͷСץ·
ţӢһߣӣӰڵġܽĿɿľץ˺üӣǹЦ⼫ˡ
ܽģ˵
һȺرġ
ƺդ߿þˣ˶հæ
СùȻǸӣӢͦȳǿ
Ƶͷ粻ˣ˽췹ϵ£תդЩͬĶԹ˵Ƹ磬Ҳҳš
Ǿͳװ㵽Ϊʲôף
ҾǾڻ룬Ƹ㲻Ҳż
ΪТ㲻һ
Ʋһ£Ųš
Ҵô࣬ʱˣɱڡ
ƿΪ˷һĵܽЦһ£ôһİɣڡ
ܽȥһ˵˽Լȥ档һСû湻˵һ׽Բء
ܽЦžܾǣݰϴ⹫ĸɹóǷһЩǹ࣬ܽ͵͵ץһ
գգۣʾףĵİǷŽڴ
ǿĵĳţһкͻȻ˵ôãΪɶҽ㲻ϲ㣿
µţӢ̧ܽͷ
ţӢһۣⲻҵĴͷ˵˭ϲ𣿡
Скͷ˵ҽ˵첻µأ֪Ǹ
ʲô
ţӢվҪȥ˵ܽסˡ
˵˵¡
ҪǴﻹûڿˣûµ£ɶɣ˭֪ͣƾɶô˵
ܽ£˿Цˡ
Ϊʲôô˵ѵ֪Ժеˡ
ҲǣǼ㣬˳ĺÿͣ˵Ựˡ
һ˵ƽģģһ𽿽̵ģﾹȻô˵˸ӦԺҲˡ
ܽ˵֪˵
͹ͷ˸ҪɫҲá
˵СãõĶȥˣ
ƵͷͬĻԺ˿
ߣİɣҪǸСӣҶһ١
ü˵ҪҰһ٣
ƣ
 ǵҲذɣ
Ҳǣ˻ͦõģһء

ˣܼ˾ȥˡ
ֵĺܣ춼ýڴ߶Դ˸࿴˵׵˼Ͼһֱš
ܽ⼸ĵ¾ǳԹϡ˵׵֡
ĸΪѧҽʱ˳ⳡսҲТɵסýͷͱ硢ܶҵĶøӣţҵţ࣬峤ҵ
춼ýţýΪģǳжȡ
кǣﻹкЩŮҲ˼ҵ䣬Ҳдýš
ܶý˼ΣҲǴ˺ϢܶܽԼϲ¡
ʯˣѾף¡
ܽϲϲŸˡ
֣ܶЦ˵Ҫ󲮡ĸİæô˳ǵĶһԶǵõģ
˵ЩʲôԵ֣һˡ
ܶЦֵܽôҲпһʱ䣬ļױˡ
ܶݵͷʱǹˣҴ˫Ьȥ֮ǰʯЬû˫õˡ
⻹û޹ȥôŮܽܶŭֳһš
⼸ܴɩһֱҵ£Ҳ̫æ͸˵Ҫһˡ
ԸܴɩǮЩţؼһܲܿ֡
ʵܴɩܶɩҲһЩǮƽ߻𻻵ǮԼ߬š
ȻûּңӺͶӱϾԼСңҪЩ强Ǯ˭ܶ⣬ʣµСǮԼܾˡ
ܴɩжźӦȫõˣԴϱͶŮҲûʲô
﷢ԺҪӱТ˳ϣܴɩӹ˺ϸǮ
ܵǮ࣬ҲʲôźþûңܴɩҧЩǮɹϻװ˰򼦵Ļҡ
ܴɩҾڸڴ壬ûöþ͵ˡ
Ҿڴڵλãӹһ㣬éݣԺӲҲûֻ
ܴɩվ⺰ˣͷһԼĪʮѾͷš
еĳ㡣
ܴɩһأ
ءѾܴɩĶӹȥŵǻǼ˸һ¡
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Ц۾ˣ˵ǰҶˣڿĺܡ
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ȷʵ˭ãҼֲãͷ˶øƫ;ǸõģȢҹš
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ܴɩͷ
ߣڼҵ˼죬ڽȵ˹Сõĵ١
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СΪ˾ڼʱһ۾Ϳ˻ĹСøùƵĵý޸˶Է
Сøƾо٣Ѿһسǵĸĸ٣СҲ˹̫̫
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˵ǣСЦˣ㵱Ҳ֪ǴȥУξְλˣ
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С˽ֶ֪ǻף̾˿ˣҲǱģؾذɣСڣҲ˵ס
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㣬ؾˣȻСֵҲżʮˣԺδؾͲıһְٰģ
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С̾ˣǰˡ
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Сðοɩӣڹ˼Ҵ˼졣⼸Ҳ߸˵ģС÷ģֻȥˡ
Զ˿
ˣ֮ڣˡ


19 
һȥһҲϰĸ粻ڵӡǺþûҲʮ˼
ĸҲһڣصľ͹˵ؼҹڡ
ˣ翴ӣܽʹȻȥ
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20 
Ҷʼƣӭķ˸еˬʣҲûļȡ
һׯڳľͿˡ
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ܽЦĶۣ߳ŭզôأ
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ҰֲͼҪӲߣҲŲء
ҿˣõĺòϣϸܣһͷ㴩Ͼһˡ
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𣿡ܽ硣
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21 
ܽؼҵʱϼ˶ѲˣܴÿɳµĲˣͰϴɾܽ
ݣһ˾Ϳˡ
ܽС͹ԣڸнʵҲ֣Ե㡣
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㣬µأİɣյ꣡
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ʱ;ίͬѾͷΪɶܽڼţҾ͵øµأ
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˼ҵĵⱻѵ룬ӣɿ죬Щһũũеһƴ
ܽһ̶
һƿ˹̫ȣ¶˾׳СۣͷȻԺ󣬼鷢ˮմڶͷ
֪󣬹ƶЦЦӹ̶ȡ
ܽͷһôΪߵĲֻ࣬ͷ
۾촽ÿ°ͣĺʶˮӲӻµӣܽͻȻое
šô˵أ
ĺÿǺáˮôˣ
ƺ꣬ͷСǿӣǲЦĸˡ
ôȿȥɣл̶ˣرúȡ
ֱܽСһ۾תͷ߳ء
̫ˣͷˡ
Ϻϼ˴ӵҲûϢȥѽڵʲôˣһ˲ųϷ
ܽͷֳ˺üˣһ˿Ͼһܼ˳ԵĶ㣬ڴڵСҲ˴ͷ
ܶɩһˮܼ˺úϴһ¾ͻ˯ˡܽ細ǰʱ򣬻ĺ
ģ˭Ҳ⡣
μҴ̷̨һȷûУоˮһ¡
ݣ޾ھǰü۵ģ㣬զأ
ɶ㲻û𣿡
㲻µأҲһ
ǲȻ㻹ָѬǵģҹһҪˣѬĲÿô죿
μҴ£Цһ˭ͬ˵ģҲ룬˼檣ܵõʲôã
޾üһţͷ˵ʲôõģĸĲˣǺôǵҵ檣˼õĶ𣿽鱦𣿡
μҴѹŭ˵ҶΪãͷѹţĺӶһԼһ檣˵ø檶㰲Ҹ˼Ҽˣһһ⣬⹴Ķǵ˳ģ
֪ʲôƾҵֶο϶үһˣʲô޲ޡ檲檵ĶǷϻʱٻ󻹲־
˵Щ㵱˶ɵһѾͷҲһ㣬˼ҵѹ˼ͷӣ
ˣ޾վĿźμҴ̡
㲻ҪٹˣҾϲٻԸӣԼɣ
μҴ̿Ŵ޾㣬ļֱĻ䣬ԼŮһһ̲ס
ǶģһĶôңǻ𣿡
޾ͷһᣬһҲ˵ǣҪ־͹Լɡ
˵ͳӣźμҴ̶
μҴ̻ȥԼ£ӣ̵ĿȫǣǱһֹ߳ġ
̲סҲգӽ͵ҲûЩϣȥɣ


22 
Ӻܿͱܼˣһֿʼתսˮ
ܼԺÿ춼ַɹӺ͹С͵ʳСԺȥĸ
ڵͷżˮһûһµžѻֱ
ﶼˣҲ˵ʲôֻӿٶȸĵӣһð
͸Ⱥ䵽Զɻϡ
ŵӣÿʹʱֱϵļⶼԳ
ĸߴ󣬳ֺãֱ
ϲˣ߸ߴͷһоʱٵã
΢΢˵Ļ̲ס
һܽڱ˵ĻȻզͲͬҽأ
ֲĻв޶ϲأ
Ҳɵû˼
Ųţ
һҪ⣬һ
ܽɩʱôʰܽˣ
ͷĸŵӣȫûע⵽ڿԲôࡣҪ֪һĵԭ³
ϵܾϵʱ򣬲ûаܼͷ˵ĻҲ֪ܼڶķС
ȻľٶԣǱע⵽ˡϿŮߣֳ
Ȼǳвˮճɣƽɹܼ˽ˮıȥ껹ãࡣ
Ϊ׬Ǯܼ⼸ϻ
ܼ򵥣ֻҪѵȷڵϵ鲼ϣϷôܰѹ
ÿϵȥܶҽϣǼֻһѣܶҵİãÿճ
һȥˣܽϵǳϳһۣˣϽ׷ٽ輸
ܽţ粻ǰŵĹ򣬾ͼӰˡ
յĵϺͷһһҵģܽҲ£Լܶȥˡһ·żܿҵ͵ƣҲʰĵȵġ
ܽţͻȻǰһζӰӣŲһ٣ﱻһϸŷǸˡ
һһҲˣǰֹģžͲڸɺ£ܽһۣ˸طš
վǣѹ˵ҿܴɽղŹȥˣһȥǰǵţ϶ܵȵ
֪ˣھȥ
תҪȥϰקס߰Ҳ˵ˣ⣬ɶ̬ȣһ͵ø֪
֪ȥ˰ˣںͷһ̾˿ȥ
ܽһԳüͷ
ôйأ
˸û߼Ϳ·˳¶˰
ܽɫһӾͳа磿
˵ĻƲƲ죬⻹ʣ
һƻŮֻҪԸˣ绹ֲõ˹
ܼһôܽǸˣʹôϻǲȢ
ֻҪϺһˣ˳ļ޽ܼңܼҲԸ⣬ȥſظۣ˶֪ÿ϶ȥܶң֤ˣܼô죡
·ѾԼ޽ܼҵӣ̲סЦ
ðʱܽ׬ٶǮҲˣ
ܽͣ˼ҲĦ˸߰˰ˣĿıӰһ£ҪĻס磬·ܶߡ
ܶݺʱ򣬻ѳֵĴɩһϽդ˽
ܽԺ￴绹ûߣ˿
һɻ󣺡զˣ׵
ܽһᣬ˭׵
С˵ľ۾ɴˣ˵ģ
ڻء
Ǹӣ;һ񺮣̲סһ¡
ƽЦһ£밡
ߣܽ϶ͳţܶûܽ˵ģܽϴ׵һأͼˡ
զأ
ܽͷߵͿΧһˡ
һ£ߵǰȥڵϽץһš
ðҶСˣСС;ȻѧṴˣҵҵĸ첲ţ̻¶ģ֪ܡɧŵ
ܽһЦˣ˵ɲɣ
ɫѿˣô֪ȪͻȻ֣Ϊأ
˵˵ʲôأ˭ˣ
㻹ϣۿģҵҵĺȶˣˣ㻹ҪҪˣ
Ȫƶ˴룬ղźƻ·⿴иӰ߹ȥһۣͱ
Ҳɶˣ绨ĴŽʹȥӾͳˣøץУֳӣ
㻹ʲôϽȥȪԽԽ࣬Ͻӻȥ
ӿһɤӣðȪѲҲ뻤ˣ
Ϲ˵ʲôȪըˣᣡ
ƾʲôһȥҾҪȫ˶С˵ʵȫ˶֪жô֪ܣ
ܽ˵úã
ĺϢææȺ߽ӰӣǴ󾪡

һƿӣϽڻ߬ȭͷҪȪȪϽ˵ɲҵ£ŮԼ˵ģҹʱԼһˣ

Ѫˣϲŵŭ
ǣҲˣҲˣ·Լӵ
ϺĲŵĿ㣬˸˼£Ⱥ磬һӳ˹
ɽ㲻ܲҰڵ㰡ǲԼ£ôĬ
һȺ˿磬ܽЦ˻뺦ǣ
ҸһȥҶңʲôʱԼˣ
û뵽֣ܽһʱ˵
Ŀ˵ҿɴû˵һ仰ҲˮҸ㲻졣ȫ˭֪ȥҶҽϰ˭֪㴩Һͽһ𣬽ֻˣȻһɧ
˵ĲΧ۵˽֮ǰϱϾܾ˳
ŮܼȪһҸϻˡ
û뵽ô˵ѿˡ
ʲôɢ˰ɣ峤٣ϽɢȺ
ӻ£ĺ϶ݺݵĶȪҲҪڱ졣
һٿȺĵˣܽؼȥˡ
Ҳ˵ֻϽؼҡ
ĺһһУ⻹ǹŮɵĺ£
˵˾ŲңһҲϵˡǿޣϳһ£ؼȥˡ
ǵ֪ܽ£ļֱ϶Ҫ嵽ȥˡ
ӣӦҲ֪Ҫôܽ˵
ֻΪҪ⣬û뵽Ȼô󵨵顣
ǸҺˣȴû뵽ôһŮϵջ˵
ϵͷ˵ŮծĳǸõģû뵽ĳȻô
ҲɻˣôһڴҲ̧ͷܶɩ˵
̧ͷҿûóѣҪǵó˻ƵۼҲðܴɩߵ˵
ܶ翴һ˶ģ˵ܹۼ̫֣һĶ޵ۼ
ܴҲЦ˵ѧһڼˡ
һ˵㣬һ£˵ԺһҪĽһ
ٺЦһ£ֲɵҲԸģ


23 
¹ȥ󣬴Ҳûš뻹ǲģÿ˾˵£Ҳȫˡ
ܽǶգպ
ˮܼһӣΪҹæµȴ˼ոĽȶ졣һϵͿʼˡ
ֵܼĲ࣬͹ԼҳԵûöҲˡ
׼ϵһ𣬹ͷɹܽŵɹˣͰĥ׷ۣϰһӣܼ˶ϲԡ
ʳͷջɹˣﻹлøأ
֮ǰڵ׽ոѣܵգر׵ȼľٺò
ϵܴǰѵĽոһһˣںԺѳɲ⣬á
æµţμҴ˴Ź˵޾Ҫˣȥϯ
ϵܾȣʺϼȥļңôһϢûС
˵檣һ˶Ĭˡ
Ǽֻܽȵʳ
ϵͷôˣܽͰ֮ǰ˵˵һ£һ˶̾Ϣ
̿϶Ȱģϣ檡
ȰʲôãҪԼԸ⣬˭˵Ҳʹһץסؼ
ԺҲٲ˰ĥġܴɩ˵
ĥҲԼѡˣʱԼȥڼҾͺˡ
˵ܼ꣬˵ͷӦǶԴ޼ûʲô飬ҪΪδ̣˳һϵ
ܼڼæµţӣԼȥ˴޼ҿ޾ޡ
ھǰ˵ŸδԼͷҲʮָӡ
Ķôأ
ʵݣͷûͼ޵ģһŮ檣Ӵ޼桢ˡ
ȴ޾㴩ˣĽҲˡ
ֻҵˣϾֻ檶ѣһҾͰ˴Ӻ̧ȥҲûбʽˡ
޾ϾҪϽˣμҴӲһҲˣкĿŮ
ȥҪӰɣȥҪúõģ
޾ΣҲͻȻķ֣˵˾䣺עҵɣ
μҴ̧ͷûʲô˼޾ת˻Ρ
޾ϴЦżĺӣһҲûע⵽Ա̧Ĳм
ԶԶˣ޾ĻҲںμҴ̵˸þûز
ûЩʹ޾ԶԶ˾ͻ˼ңҸܼ˵һµʱᵽ޼̷ֻһζĿҸƸʱЦ
ŮѾ˳ȥԺǲԴˡ
ܽҲ֪£ֻףԼλóԸ
һֱܺãȺܿɹˣųףϾܴܶЩ
ʯʺ;ƣܴžµ׿Ӳϰ䣬ʱܶٹɸɸȥ׿ʣµľǰװ׵
ܽװ࣬ĥףζͿڸһе۷壬硢ڸ˳ζʮ㡣
ֹܼÿҶףüĺǳ׵ζ
ŵׯڶջˣӻҲҪȥͷ˰ˡ
˰ԼֵʳУҸĶϽ˰գϵܶ궼һȥģҲһ
ȰҪ˰ƺãڶһЩڹٲʱġ
ԪȻƽʱ󰮹£ҲԵĸٵĳƺš
£ԪûйԱаŮ֣ٲȻ˰ʱʹЩСֶˮҲ֣һһ㣬ũһֻ۱һֻˡ
ϰҲ׼ϾǹٲΨһһˮʱ򣬳ǼҾرƶģȻҲӰ첻ʲô
ȥʱһʳʱҲûʣʲôˡ
ϵܶ彻˰һѹڼϳصĵҲжˣ뵽вַѻŵĴʳҲʮֳ
ѾȥͿ쵽˺¶ʱڡ
ȥ·ƣԭҰϵĲľдϿ֮ɫɿݵ׽ոڷҡҷһƬ
ܽԽԽ䣬֮¶ȵı仯ر̲ס˼·
⹫˸ܼһӣ⹫԰ԼֵЩӲֻȭͷСһҧȥر𣬿ڸЩ΢ɳ֡
Źӣܽͼȥ˵￴ײ˳ôˡ
ܼÿ궼ôײˣ´ѩ¶̫ͣӲˣͳԲʲôˣѴײþͽ⡣
ײ˳ѾͦˣЩڿǰһֵģ⻹ܼҲԶĵ˺Ķ
ܶȦǰιͷѾιĺܷˣһȦе㼷ܶɩĹ͡
Ļһ䣬ܼӾֿˡ
ŵһӭ˺Щˣܼ׼һֱͣһһš
ھʣĸڵæܴܶڼϵɽΪĲ׼
׼㹻õľС
ʱĲ׼ʱľѩţÿ˵ʪ׵ȼ˾Ǻ˵ĺ̡
ϵϳŸһѳҪæµ²׼
ͷҲæҶӻ屳ɽе˼СҲȥæһЩϵС֦
СҲȥһأ㱻ܴ翳ҵܼҲȥˡ
վԼӴǰǮͷʱоڿĸڶԱ˵رС
̧ͷȥһվ濴ɻϴЦ˵Ҫʲô
ǰע⵽紩·Ц⣬˵ɡ
ϣԵȣ
ͷܽ˵һͷ壬ܼɣл䰡
˵ûУеµĿûл
˵ͷֿΣʵ̲סҪʱӹܽĹˡ
翴ıӰһԻ󣬵ⲻһ˵׵İɣ
뵽⣬Ĳܽߵߣϴ·Ц˵ϲ͸˵Ǹùһýŵģʲôá
ƱţҲûʲôҪͷ˵ҴˣҾǶǸǲׯƹĶŮ˲ͬġ
ܽü㲻ô֪أһ˾ͬأ
ô׵䵽ϣһСӣƹôϰŮ޸ҡ
ֱܽҡͷĲűʾ񶨡
ûٶ˵ʲôֱҺ˵¡
ҲɵԴӿӾǼ·֮ʶˣȷʵû뵽ԷǲׯĶŮ
ҲԼҶӲĶȥȻûжԷô󣬵Ҳ˲ǮҲǲȡǣ
ϳıôʱͻȻýšӭʲô˵ˡ
ûĻãˣ࿴ҹǲǻ˼


24 
ýźϵ, ϲ̵˵
ҵϽ㣬Ҫ˵һõĹ
ϿЦ˭ҵġ
ǲׯƹĶŮӨ, ʮ, ôֹУǹģǳҲܸ, ֯һ, дСҲǴľ, һҲ
˵ǲׯҵĹ, ôôɣ
ǰǼҡ˳ĸ׳ʣڿܸɣʮ綼ǳģҹʣ
ϲ콵
ѹסϲ⡣һ˵ýŽܹׯׯ, ͷ˼Ҳ˼ҡý׬ýǮȻܹ˵ͣҪ˵Ļ, ǶǶԷҲ˼
Ͻ㿴ô
ϴЦ, Ȼá
ýһ֣֪᲻ͬ⡣Ҹ͸¶˿ڷ磬֪һ, Ҷ˼, Ǯ͵һˣ
Ҹվȥ˵˵ϣ͵ҵĺϢ
ý׬Ǯ˻, Ҳ, д, ֺǺǵ˵˺һýŲߡ
ֳܽôˣϰһ˵ܽҲϲ⡣
˺ָϵýûػ֮ǰȲˣʱ׼ٸ˵
ô尾ĵ죬ڵýŵŻš
ýŸҲд⣬صźϸȥأ
һ׼ˣϸ˼ˣ֪µֱǲţ־ϲɵվԭء
͵øȥףܴܶݣϽ·úʰһʰúһСӣӢߴͣžһ˲ţ
ܽͺԺӵʰģܽԼ˧粻˼ͷ
ýŵĴǰǲׯһ˵ϳɹýŶзȥŮ࿴һ£׳ƶŮۡ
˵ǲׯһȥͿˣʱžķ֣ԭл˾Ȼƹ
֪ʱѾӨļˡ
ýŸҲкģƹһкǿϣ˶֪
Ϻܽװ˻ϣڹ̨վŵӨ
Өһɫϣǻһͣ㣬ڹ̨߻̧ͷ΢΢һЦ
ϿһۣͶƹЦ䣺ƹŮ֯ϵգȫԪضҲ
ƹЦ˵УУÿ춼ܿæɲܸɰ
ƹϺӨܼʸá
Ө߹󷽷˺ãиˣƹһҿʼԷĺӺá
ýһԳŸ˵ĺܣʱʱһ䣬μ˫⼫ˡ
ƹźȥһ߿ϣܽҲʶ뿪ߣѿռ
ӨǺߴӵĿһۣϲ̫ͻȻʱ˿̶˵ˣֻ֪ɵЦ
Өв͵Цϴε·Ŀæرڽ̸
࿴ʮ˳ܼߺϺƹڷжԻ
ϿҲȷʵǸƵģҴеϱҲܺãǸദˡ˵
ţȷˡղһͬŮҲʮ֪񣬿ɼܼҼҷ粻
ϵͷЩϧǼƶҪӨӨ⣬ܼǸúӣһ治ð޹ȥ
֪ʲôǼҵȻģһ׬ǮǶ˲֪ٱôһ͵ĹŮŰɣҵĸںͷƹ˵
Цһ£ƹ񣺡ҲǣЩҲҪԺҲҪӨӨҲԲ˿ࡣ
ƹ˵ǡ
׹ȥýһˡҺӵһ࿴Ժѡ˼մܼס
׵ʱҪƸ񣬺Өҵ׷Ҳ档
Ӽһó˶ʮƸ֮⻹׼󡢲ϡȸƸ񣬻˲ǮҲ˲˼
ֳһȥĶǼгͳ׵ֵá
ܴúܶ嶼ˣܴʹø̧һϲƸ񣬻ϲϲǰס
˿òµܶɩһʱֻʣܽС
һδãһ̫Сֶӣеֶ޹ء
ܼһ˰Ƹһ񶨻Ϊ£ƹҲݣһһ֡
ˣӨܼδŵĶϱˣԺɣû˵ġ
Ϣûþʹ˴֪˵ôõһ¶ĽˣܼǹԽԽ
˰֮ǰһַ˳Ц˵Ͽӵģ︻أʹöֶΣҲ䲻˼硣
ԷﴫĶ޵ҧһڷﲻ֪Ѱ˼ʲô
Ϊ֮ǰɵĺ£ڴ̧ͷˣڴӵ¶ûԸ˵ϣӹһͿע⵽⸱ӣֱŭʢýŸ¡
Ϊĳ⣬˵ʲôףǺвмİͷҸ߸ѡһе˽ŵС͸ס
Ҳ֪ԼŮ˵ʲô£Էֻе˽ţ˵Ҳͬˡ
ٶҲ죬û붬Ͱ˳ȥ
ױҲ׼ˣ⻹Ǯ϶ŮҲȫˣָԺմ⣬ֻԸʵĸԷӾˡ
ôţû뵽Ը⣬ڴֿ֣Թûй֮飬ܼ˺Ȫһҡ
۷׷ף˵Ҫңͷͷֱ߻ﰲȣ
ģһֱӰţϡ
ɵļҲǳصģȻǴӻԶҲ¼ţϺݺݵ֡
ţϽԶȥ¾뿪ңҲԶӻ塣

˷ϲ¾ˬÿ쿴ŶģڹǰҲǴ⡣
һٴθ˵ϲõʱ򣬹ƴΡ
֪ܸˣϲ㣬ܷܲŹҵĶ䣿
ٺٵЦ˵ⲻ̫ҵϲãʱƸҲһġԴ˵ʱҵĺӿܶˣ
ƣ
ı飬Ц
Ƽˣǰһ󻹸˵׵Ǳ˻˻
Ҫ˵ԼжˣжãŹϽˡ
ͬҲĸϣ˵綨׵صػϲ簴һͨҫֱӰ˵Ŀ컳ˣͷۡ
⻹
ܲܲˣ׵˿£
Ϊ£ܼܵӻȥ˲٣ЩҲڷܵ㡣
СһѧϰܴɩͺѾ˸綼ͷڱˣڲڿܽһˡ
֪ΪԼŻ˲ǮÿɻֻҪܸɵĻȫȫһƴɵ״̬
Ө͸ǶʳͣܽJûš
ƵϵھӺͿҲ½Ҳ֪Ҷף׷׹ϲ


25 
ܶɩһ¾Ҫ, ӷףӴҲ䲻·ҪַŲŸоЩ
źӳԽԽСҲʼˮ, 쵽é, ڵܶÿ춼˯áܶһҲ⣬֪, ϸܶɩС, Ҫʲô, ܶɩиж, ܵЩҲʲôˡ
ϰСҪõ򲼺·ϴˣÿԺɹ̫ɱҲҺԤˣ͵СӵĽ١
ܽͷһпվ컢ͷЬྡྷˣҪٷͷñÿŸ߷, Ҫܶɩǰá
ܴɩѵСС·ϴɾĺãҲѰ˼õĺá
һӵŮ˶Χܶɩת, ͷĸ˵˷׷׸пܶɩĺŴȰ, 沶ûһദǶ֮õĸ
ܼҵĶϱǸ˼ǱȲð

ʮ, ܼҵĴײˡͶˡһ, һ˾Ϳʼղ˵Ĳˡ
ϲ˵һ˽˲˵ؾͿʼæµѴײó, 汻ӿл߲õĲҶ, ȻٰѴײ˵Ժɹ
ܽڵ￳, С͸ᡣﱾ˲٣ײ˳Ļãһոͻһʱ䡣
æˣͣĳԿڷһֱųͷ˺ء
غذţСҪպȥҲҪľƳƻȥϾⶫ˾ιĺϣ˭Ҷ᲻˷ѡ
һֱæڣһڰѺպ÷Ž˲ַͷһЩӻϵԼ
һͶܽоԼǽƣ극˸ڴϾ˯ˡ۵ʱѾǵڶ죬Ƕã֪۲˭Ҳû
ܶɩڹŷܽԺĳˣҪϵȥβĻϵ۹Ůĸ˻ȥ
Ͻȥú˯һʲôɣȥ
ܽλص˴ϣչһֳ֫˯ȥ
һ˯ʱңʱŸоԼ˯ˡ
Ժͷһ£ײɹĲˣܽͿʼ
ܶɩæ˰Ѱײ˽ͷһϴɾĿոסѰײ˹˿ˮϴ£ܽʼһһõİѰײ˰ڷŽʵʵģһ϶
ܽ뻹ߣҪģҪȸСʲ׵ˡ
һˣһΡһһؾͰ˲٣úǰ׼ҪȻܼҵιӾҪˡ
һϣˮûײˣϵæѹĴʯͷϸӣˡ
ĸˣܽҲûʲôˣĺ˵༸˳ԡ
ŴŴζ𣬲ܽǺ˿˿ģʢһȺͻθ
СϲģСŷӣ޲Լ쳤ٶһˡ
극ܽŰСæڽ֮ǰժǴҰӸ˳
Ѿܽɹˣһûꡣ
ܽô֣ƹﶩһŹǣûأ£˵ðŹǳԡ
С˫۷Ź͵ͷ˵Сãһӣ
û⡣
ù˵ɶأſ˽
Ժͷ񵽵ģ϶ǹùüҵļܳȥµġģ˵ţܽԴӹһǡ
ллù˵ϳ԰Źأӳԣ˵һҲԣ
ɿĻˣһͻȥ̣
ܽԱߵСù£ԼӼˮϡ
˵Լ·Ͽ£СǱȻҸղſźôôһֻ¹ؼأҲ̫˰ɣ
壿˭
ܽԴһ˲հ£Ƭ̲ŷӦ˵ǹơ

ͷ˵ţܹʱ򣬹ôɽ¹Ǵϳģ
СŴ죺ɽ治дϻ𣿹廹ҽȥ
ֹأ˵ͷǣɶУˣԺһҪһɶ£̫ˣһݣˡ
С뷨ͬȭͷ˵ԺҪ飬ҪμӿԵ٣ʱסլӣ
˵Ҫ飬Сһ𣺡үүҲҶţһûѧἸ֡
Ѿʼѧ
ѧˣûʶͷ
СҲ˵СҲдüˡ
ܽˣӲ꣬ûѧýѧأ
ǣߵԺܽд
˸ľд˸ľ֣Сд˸֣ȻЩŤŤѾǳˡ
ܽ־ϲж츳ֻҪúö飬˵Ժܿȡ
ӱúÿ佱һͨЦ̵ġ
Ϻǻܽ˵£һҲܾȡ
ܴӵԴƽĶסô
СЦϲͣŹǣ˵öã궼ȥ飬ԺܼҿšʿۼҲҫ棡
СһǾôˣŻͷϼ֣ʱŹǳˣ
Źɢÿ˵ıǼƣθڴ󿪣ͿʼڴڳԵù񫡣
˼ҲϸƼһ鼦⣬˵ԽԽˣɽĶ˰ɣ
Ƴ˿ڷУǲˡ
¹֮ǰһƹģ
Ƶͷڴڵĳŷһ죬θĶܡ
ҲУƹʵݣ͸ȥɡ
ţɫе㲻õĵˡƳԷĶЩ̧ͷ˵
˵ˣ˼ҼͷҪǮ⳥˵ҪǲǮĻǾʹӣûôǮۼҽ衣
üëһ£裬첻ѧڻҴˣñݺݵĴһ١
˾һӣҪǲ˾͸ˣѲɻ濴Ÿӱ
ƼԼˣüëš⹫޵ȫǾ˾ţôûǮôǴû㣬Ҳû˵һѣڽǮۼˡ
Ʋ˾һң˵ȻҲӲЩЩѹһǮӻҪȢϱأѵöûǮȢϱ
ϱЦʱȢϱˣ
ǵǣܵǮǣܲδϱҳԿͷ
ûӰأȲˣ
Ƴ֣ԺǮǲȫˣͱ˾һҸȥ
֪ˣ԰ɡҲЩĵˣӼ˸ȣζô
óԣûн㣡пϵۡ
üëһбһӶԽķˣ
㵽һȥ˵ʵ


26 
ʱȥķɿ, һӾ͹˪ˣ¶ˮ˪ֲϣ˸Ⱥıѡ
ܽ￴˿֮ǰˣƵĺܺ, Ѿŵζ, ҲٹʮҾܳˡ
ܶɩ̥Ѿ£ʱп, ܶ˯˯̫, Ҳʱעš
ԽԽ, ӨΪ˱, ½½ܼ˲·ܽҲһ˫Ь޻ŵģЬҲʵձܶɩرůš
ϼӨ˽¸粻Ǯ, ԼҲЩȥ
ȷʵҲ, ϸɴ޻, ֳ˲ٲϣѩ³׽֮ǰٸȫһ¡
ͷƫ۹Ůϸܽðһ, ɫŮϲ, 
һΧ·, ܽ, һķƵҲ˲١
װѾȫ, ʳ»ˣ׼ġ
ھ;ĵȴѩˡ
һƿţ̲ܽס˸¡϶ңڵһѾ¡
׻˵ĳաءܷաϢļڡ
ΪĿʼҲóԺõġ
ܲܽص֣ƹһҪܲ⣡
ڵ￴ӣ˶ȻˡȥԺʱ򿴵ȦԵķܽͬҡҡͷ
ˣǵĺҲ쵽ͷˡ
ܽȡһָģ˵ɱõģ㲻
ɩǣŹԺһ̽ӣЦ˵Һ˵ײӣͲǻûüϽ͹ǳ
һ·߹ҲûﻹðܽӹһƤڴζҲ㣬æ˵óԡ
ŸЩȥϰ־ܾˣòãǶ극ϨˣҲ⣬ȵĺܣԼ԰ɡ
Ҳǣ⴦йζ
֣ܽͣһٸܶ͹ȥ
ϵͷ΢Цܽ򹷵°ɣٻȥ
۾ģһԼæͷ
϶̰ԵĶҲˣ˵ղŲ˵ԽӶԳôҪ³ԣ
ùóԣСӾͲ
ĸ첲װүүҳԷүүʳˣ㱳һʳ
Դһ˵ͱ㣬ӣԺҾڹùüҳˣ
ϣ
ܽĹЦ϶ˣСӻԼĲ
ﻹлϳܽЦ˵ˣͷɹһ۾ȻؼˡСܹ͹Ժͷ
ܽгС飬Žˮȥȣȥַȡ˼ܲ
ܲţģҽ˲٣ܼҲһЩܲڸ࣬е΢һͻԴζ
ܽڳܲͻȻ氥ѽһܴɩܶɩܳϴŻŵĺõˮˣ
ϸæߴ첽ȥһۣȷʵǣ򶨵ĽܴɩܶȥҽŹ
ܶϵϽ²Ժܡ
Ϻܴɩˣܽһò˵һܲվԭָŽš
⣬Ҫʲô
ӲզˣŷҪ򣬱ܴŽʵš
ĵȴţһܶͻˡŸһ·Сܵ׷ܵ۵ġ
ӭ˽ȥŽһһ
һ·ûܳһΪҪأ
أˮɣٸԵġ
ܴɩȥˮ˸ϢżһҪõĹɶģܼ׼ͦȫģĵͷ
֮ǰӼʱҲ˼ңʱĸζۡ
ԼӣЩһ¶ĺܣһ׼˳һû¡
ܶɩһ̥λͦ˳ģûʲô£οģܶɩߣһ
ܽһϽӹιܶɩ˼ڣܶɩĶӿʼеˣ˵˾Ͷˣߡ
ϳȥСӳҪõĶ˹š
ܽûʲôģ߻ŵܶɩˣǿ϶ҲæˣʱҲˡ
ܽһ⣬ܴɩһˮܽ˵ղǰһ˵仰ͻȻҪˡ
ܽο䣬С͹Ӳܲ˹
ܲζܶأ¹һûãһζƮܽǰŻСŵĶɩͷ
ȥ˼ʱһֱ˰ʱſʼܶɩʹŸ˵ˡ
ܶڴֱţܴ簲οⶼġ
ŽܶɩʹԽԽߣܶɩͷ󺹣Ļþ
ܲζСԺƮȴû⣬һ˶
Ƭ̺ﴫ˺޵ʮ
ܴĶܵļϲܶ缤Ĳ֪˵ʲôãˣ
ܴɩȡˮȥŸϴϴɾãָܶɩһ£ûʲô⣬͸ܶˡ
ЦŸǸӣ߽ͷܽʱ۾ֲöɩƽӿôСֶʵ̫ܳˡ
ֱ֣ܶˣлæŰ֣һǮŽǮҲһأ˵ĺĻŭţһֱ߳ȥԶ
ܽͣȲһԼСֶӡܶܶ˵˺þõĻܽŽȥһۡ
СֶӱСӰţϻе㺢ӸճʱСӣȻͰ͵ģҲʮ۰ܶɩոι̣ǳ˯ˡ
ܽСһ£ģճ¯۶
ֻһ£ܽͲٶܶɩЦŶ˵ûµģܽǲңֿһ۾˳ȥˣܶɩúϢ
˵Ϣܶ˵ϲóһСӴС·Өͱ͸Сֶӵģܶˣл
翴ܶ˵ӣﲻԺӨӨĺӳɶأվԭɵǺǵЦ
ҲûԷһ˶ˡ
͵ƵţܽѹƿѾãܲҲͨ͸
Ҳûӣһ˾ֱøС̨ǰԷ
Сݷ˰ܲ飬ﻹһЩ˵һͷ衣
ĲˣȲС۾
ܼÿ˶ʢһ룬Ⱥܲ⣬żˣ塣
ڶ˼ϤŸܶɩԺȶܶõ
ȥ˵СܵˣܴɩҲǺЦ˵ˣܶһˡ
ͬеĻмｻõӣеܶɩ壬ֿ˿Сӣ˲ٶϡ
ܶɩһͶǻشģܽЩ̫壬һ̣źˬ
Щʳ׵ʱԼܿŴˡ
չţܶɩָĺܲСֶҲÿԵıġ
ܶҲСΪСֶģԾͽܶСһû
ܶʮ죬ܼҿȿ˿ܶɩûʲôõľͷĿ˴ϵܶ۰
⺢ӵ۾㣬󽭡
ܶɩͷЦ˵ȷʵͷҲŨܵĺܡ
ˮô㲻㣿
أŸֳʳһҲȱ̺ȡ
ӵͷͷС˵ǸиģõţõСӣҲ˶ӣԺӻԽԽõġ
ܶɩŶۺᣬͷ˵ǡĸŮ￴ܶ˵࣬ӰѸСҲ˳иһСӡ
һ磬³һͷͻȥˡ


27 
⼸쿪ļ, 쿴Сֵĺϲ£졣
Ժι峤վդͷ˵ˣȥɡ

ӵľҼ, ʱ˵Ҵ챻˻, ֱˣʹ, һʲôôô죿㻹ǻȥɣ
ҽ㱻ˣһһĻҹ, ϶ԼĶ䡣
Ҳ, ˵ô˵, Ҳû˵٣һ˵žˣҿȥɣ
ϸлеĲҶһӾͽöܴɩϸһ, ܴɩæ˵֪кϷȥ
˵⹫ˣܽôס, ĸŮѶúþţȥ, һ·ϺصĲˣôأ
żңƿľžС, һݾͿ⹫ڴϻ, ȶһ£ܽҲһ
⹫, ţ, զ˰
̾˿, ˵զأ
ʦ׼Ҹ˵ģզˣ
ûɶ£ġ㱻Ǹˣص˵¾ιȥˣָ֮˯Ų
ôң
˼ܼңһѾߺˣ˸ӽ궼ˡǰⱻײƣ߳ŭֱӰˡ
ĻðɣҪȥ˺ѣμҴ̴ſڽקס˵Ϊֵ
Ҽ޸ģ³ҲҾȡ
㣡װģģּȢզܹ㣿˭Ҳ벻ܱô
ΪҸŮˣҸ˺󣬶ҵǵҲûˡμҴſգ˵Լռ޹ȥʱɷӡ
Ϳߴ޼ǸˣŭŮզˣŮҲѵĺӣûнɽɽҪ̳УûжӾͻˣ
ᵽμҴɫ΢䣬кźޡ
ԭΪ㡢ôй飬ȴû뵽ֻǵһֻ׬ƸǮȥøǸĶӻɥ
ΣŮǺöһûģ֪Ҳ˵ǸŮĸŮۿڼĥ
ʲô֪ϴ󾪡
ŶŮĺĲˣǲ֪⼸źҲǸŮ˸˵ġһңײǳµʱ㻹ǺǸкأ
ϾʹţܽҲüֱףôô治
μҴ飬֪˵Ķԡ
ѲǺöҲĹΣֻϵ
ˣӽӻдǻҲûһϵҶٹˡ
ǾôŹμҾ˾˽ŭ˵
˾ˣҲٿǸ˶ĵ˭Ҳҳȥ˵ţ̵Цһ£Ǹ˵ʱҲҺһ٣ҲͷѪˡ
Źţ··ԺԼԼģøȺ򽻵ҲõţźǴ޼ˣ
μҴ̿ˣ뱲Ӷڴ޼ҵţί
ɷʲ壬ĺΣļʲôʲô
ŻܻͷԼȥɣ
뿪ǸãԺ޼ңҪˣڼҴţһûأ㣡⹫ѹˣ
μҴһֱûᣬԼҵһҹӣ̲סᡣ
ŮĵôͻҪ
μҾ˾ҲԺμҴ̵ڼס£õԺܵ㣡
μҾĸںͷһ죬˵ôסܲһֱŰɣ
˿һ˵ı飬û
μҴжҡͷ˵ˣҲס£Щ껹ЩǮҼǵú̼һһӣʱҾסǣԺڴּĶأ㹻Լˡ
μҴڷִѵ֮󣬾ͰѴ޼ֵǮĶȫˣټЩܵǮҲһСĿ
Ǯ͵Щ޼ҵţıɣ
μҾ˾˻ǲͬ⣬סˡ
ſǵĶ࣬ŮôǶԵġҪǸסһУ쳤ؾõȥϱôû뷨أ
ҲȢϱҲˣ˿ԽԽ࣬ӾҲס
ҪǣסҷСĽģȥԼŻԼ´ڡ
ǾͰ˵ôɣû¾͹ȥסһôԺֵʲôĶܰ㡣
μҴ̵ͷ
ԶԶԣԺֵػʲôĻ˵һͶȥμҾĸæ˵
ʵҲͬӵ˶Ȣ˶ϱòһЩ֪ôٺòˡ
ջ˲٣һҲ¡
ܽ⹫壬ûʲô²ŷģѸĳʳøǡ
Ůģ⹫ܵҲ̹˲٣˵ˣܽӺóԲ
óԡܽ
ﻹУһ⹫ٸװһȥԣ
ܽ˵ţԱߵҲ֪ܶ˵飬˻ˣµؾҪ񼦵ȥϸסˡ
Լ˲ټôҪŵģ˵Ȱ
ӱͱɩϽЦŸϴкá
ˣɫҲϻϲĶӣһμҾĸ˸ϳԡ
ĸŮһ磬ӭҹɫţؼҡ
ʹٲߣҲôˣμҴ̲ȥҴˣٳһϵˡ

Ǹӣ˼Ȣ
峤ĶȢףڵŰӶ˷ϵĶ
̾ϿԼҵĴʣУѰ˼ʲôʱȢϱ
ǲŷ϶оǹߣжһ٣Źľߡ
ɶȥ
ԡưڰ֡
̾˿
ܽܶҳ·˹ơ

Ƹ磬Ҫȥɽϴ𣿡
Ƶͷܽе㾪ȣڻܴ𣿡
żҲЩҰ÷¹ʲôܳ
ܽ˵Щʱ鵭ľ˵żҲЩʲôܳ
۾ƳĹ
⻹ܽͷһοĹ֮ǰֻĵ
ƼȤֵݸ˵һԡܽе㾪ϲСĴнӹõ͵һ׹
ôأ
Сġ
ֽһ£ܽսЦ˵û£õĶ
ܽļУҡ
ĹУܽһС˰ӣþȫҲһ롣
վԭػôС𣿺ôҲˣ
Ʊı鶺Цˣ߹סһ׾ٵľ˹ҡ
ܽоѹһӱжȥ˽ϣͷĿ˹һۡ
ûʶô࣬׼ǰĴʯͷһɣǰʯͷУʯ׷ɣҡΣɼһж
ܽоղһ˲𺳵ˣþûز
ɿ˵ǿԪɴٽܰһͷϻ˲ᴩôѾˡ

ܽо棬˦˦ʹĸ첲ŹϸĿš
ʱӦǿ˰ɣ
ŵԴ㷢ں˳һҲëꡣһ˿˳һһԡ
žͺܺӡ
ıĳ뷨ôоĪȡ
Σ̧ܽͷײƹʹŤͷԶЩ⣬ܽЩ⡣
ôˣ
߹ȥѼ˳ٻʱѾָɫ
Ҿˡ
ܽѹݸ˵ƸСġ
ţġ


28 
һգ, ʱȫ붬
ָ䣬Ŀ絶һĲ
ܼ˰ĺްϣ˯Ҳó˺Ӹǡ
ѩڵĵϡϡ϶һƬɫ, װع, ȥѩأһƬã
Զ˼緹, , ҲԶԶĴ
ˮһҹ֮Ͷ, ܴȭͷ, 滹ã¶̫ʵˣֻܵȼˮˮ
һһ֮䣬ǿһ˪, ͨȼһ̲ŵõ˻⡣
ͷܶ硢ǿѴŴ򿪣ԺĻѩѵС, Ѷ, ˸Ͻʼѩ
æ꣬һԷܽͻȻԼԼĲҽС
Ц, ˵ǵɱأ
ϵͷ, ҲЦ˵ɱģصع˵, ѩ, ȥɱȥ
ϵɱ, ÿ׵ʱ򶼻ȥɱá
ϵȣϵҪ۱ˣʰĸɾԴϵȥɱġ
˼ʵ̫ˣϵȻһ׬٣ҲæĲСÿҪϹ߳ţȥңȥǼңڴĶ룬춼
ۼɶʱɱͷأûһæꡣܴԼ
˵ɱѾȥˡȺͰԼɱˣҪȻӣһɱˡ
ǲҪ˵һܶʡ
ţһңˣǡϻش
ܶͷ극͸ܴһȥ˴⼸õ˼ҴкǺæ˳ɱˡ
ܶɩѾˣͰͷιʳͷνһģڵ˼ɹʱˡ
ڴĵ죬ڵɱӡ
ͷܴɩܶɩڴˮŲȼˮһɱá
ܶһ磬һ͵ԺȦϵץ⼸½ԺкҲ˺ԺȦְæ
ţľţ໹Ķ׳ֵܼһ֣С׳ӾͰѸղץס֫˩ľͷϵ
Ϲ˵ľӷźˣһߺһһþѷ̧ϵͷǰԺߡ
ϵʼĥ֪ԼСһûע⵽һţ˹Ц
¾㱸ϵٶȺܿ죬ֻһĲҽкܼҵĵһͷͱˡ
ţһЦǺǵ˵ϵܣʰÿٽ˰ɣ
ӻ˵϶ģžͱҼҵķ̫ˣ
ϵЦŻ˵ˡ
ʣϵ
ؿɲȱඣܶЦ˵
ܴɩһˮ£ţǰŹë
ͷæţͷϡܶкҲȻŲˣɩǴ֣ܽŰջ
Ӹóһˣ˵ģȵ˵Ŀãɫôһͺóԣ
ЦЦǽģĶûĺóԡ
ʱЦˣҲ֪ôģզһôĽֿܸɣĽඣ
ǣҪнôŮζЦѣϿ
ǿɲܼ͵һˣܶܽһٺÿ䡣
̹ǺֱЦܽĻڣϽѰ˸ˮͷ˳ȥͷͷ֡
缸վ£ܽˮ˸ϴ֡
һͻȻŵһӶܽüͷ
ѭζһҷϵζܽմ̲࣬סЦȦˣզôأ
׳һֻĻش𣺡ղͷһͷײһ£ˤȦţ
ǰͷ͹ܣǵðײˤһӲŰݣܶЦ
壬㻻·ɣ̫СűԱߡ
ԼѬˣôһ˵Ͻȥ·ȥˡ
ţϴ֣ͷܽº͵˵ӳû
ûءϴŹ˵㣬ʣء
ţЦЦ˵û˸Ӣӽɹ˺öء
ãлл硣
Сܽݣţ֣佥ĺˡ
ͷɱִãѾæʱ֡
ϵţ弸ⶼָãһһķŽܼҲַĸ
¶ȵͣȻĴ䣬һͶİӲ
һͷܼҴ⣬һͷԼҳԺ͹дˣһͷǣһͷӦ׬Ǯ
ƮζԺʰ󳦣ԱߵĹġ
ⶫզܳأ
֣չȥһ£˲ҪˣѾӾԶţǹЦ
ϴӸͷһдĴյḶ́ͷţֹסķڣÿ˵ıǼֱת
в˶ˣţȥڰԼҵȡӰںãһֵĳɱˡ
Ĳܽû֣Ǽģڼﶼ˴ˣζܲ󳦣ʰĸɾûζζʮ㣬ܺ
ܽϲ˻⣬˱еϸϸģζˬǳҨһײȣģθ
ͷϵһܴĸ˶ϾơƵţס룺󻢸磬øҵˣҲȾƵġ
ܴЦ˵ҲǴСˣûȹƣ
ţСʱƭҺȹĺܣҼסˣҲҺˡ
ţЦˡøˣĲȣҲû뵽һͷľƾȻǵڡ
һЦܽҲ֣Ⱦƿѵá
ϵǱ߳ԱģҲţĻȡ
ӵճٵİԣڴ¶֪٣Ů˻ۣܽžһӴ鱨֯ڽ鱨
һһ߳ԣܽС͹СŬɷԵر㡣
ͷ磬һ굽ͷɱʱˮ࣬˶Եر㡣
½뿪ϰĲװ÷ϴȥƽΪڼҾûϣЩǸõġ
Ҳٿףϵлˡһ·ŲߣϾȪǰ
վΧϣԶԶıӰ·𻹲ɱ˵
ʹӣоĲֿʼܡ
ҳԱ⣬ܼɱģôҲݣǣɱ˶ǣ
ܼϱͷӳŭĿԲֳʲô
ϱһһΨΨŵŵ˵·
ӿӾ̱һ
šĸ첲šûõĶҼȢǵ˴ùˣһҲûУʲô׬˵ôҲûһµĸ
ôӶϰˣֻҪһϱϷ
첲ϴʹϱŸ첲áкίԽһ


29 
ؽ, ζԽԽŨ
С˲»ÿ춼˹ð춫ܼҵҲŻ
Ϊ˷Ǯϻ׼һǮ, һ˴롣
ʱＸÿҵⶼ, ڲҲֵЦʱʱ̶̿ϡ
ܽע⵽϶ǲͬ, ǵĵ, ҲǱ, Ӻܳ, һҲ׳ࡣ
ڵ˵ԱƤëˣƤëϱߵʲġ
ܽȻ˹Ƹ粶ԵЩƤӣʱӦüǮ˰ɣ

ʱ˿̵Ĺսţϸ˷˽, ˶٣
ưѰݸϣϴһһ, ʮӡ
ôӣ˭
ЦЦ, ķ˵ȥ˸ı̶ӣƤǡЩ̶ȫߵĶ࣬ƤӶ, ɢҪ㡣
Ǿܸôߵļۣ
Ȼ, ȻҪƤӶ࣬ҪҲ, ۼҵƤϳ, ƺõ, мϡȻĹһ㡣
ϵͷ˵Ժǡ
ҲǻԵɺϣ̶Ӷأ̶Ҳ궼ģҲõģ˭ȥ
ϰպã˵ţͷҸҪǷڹ˯˯ȡ
ƿӣҿûȫȻǿ϶˯ˡ
ҵͣһȥȡ
ƵͷԷٶȿЩ
ܼԺܽҲ͡ȥ͹ѾˣҲȥǮˡ
ͱгС飬֬ͷڹ﷢̵
վڹߵС׼õ͹ùܽЪ͡
С˹С촽Źֱˮ
ܽԼĪ£ȥˣһڵİӳԡ
䣬ܽ߳ûöͶͨ죬紵ϸо񱻵һֶˡ
ʱ䣬һӣ΢΢ü
ô棿
ܽͷﴽһЦժһӣƸȡ͵İɣ
Ƶͷע⵽ɫüͷĸӰѲժ꣬˵ˣȥɡ
ܽͷ
ͷʢֺͣǺǵġ
һʢȥ͡
ģæ
ûԷذɣһ³극ߡ
ĺ˼æ˵ˡ
֮ǰ˼Ͷһֱأһֱİ˵ӿôˡ
ֻһ¡
ԥһ£еŤŤ߹壬˵ɽ¹
Ƴ׺͵ЦЦǰôˣ
岻ϻ𣿡Сʵ
ɽϵϻôġ
е㼤Ҳˣɽҵҿأ
˨Ӹ粻ԻǶԵġ
ֱҡͷ˵ǣҵǺ£峤үүҵĹأϻر׷Զ
˹Ц⻰ҿûȻ϶ٲһٺô
ֳݵĶԹ˵ԺҲҪԻҪô
ƺҪܽҪ˵ȿڶԹ˵ô˵ɲԣԻΣҲֻЩ̿飬͢Ź֮˲
ˣʳ˵֪ΧͷʣʲôĵģҲ
Ҫúö飬ԺΪ֪֮ˡƹأܽ
æ̬ҿ϶úö飬Ҫˣ
СͷʾҲһ
壬ҪǹĻҿ϶޸㣡龫ֵĹͻȻ˵
һ
ЦʹΪɶ
˵ˣбͣĹﶼ͵͵أĵĶ֪˭޹˭ɵ
һ˶ɵӵıü̿˽ĵʱˡ
ϼ˵Сգ۾ͻȻǵĳܽӵ˵Сã޸壬ǲɵӣ
Ҳһܽ˷ܵ˵԰ҹùûûϣùü޸㣡
⻰һ֮ķΧһӾе㲻Ծˡ
ƺܽԷȴԷҲڿԼཻһ˷׷ŲԼ£еŵζ
ӵͯͯû£ǺЦĶ޽˵ûСأˡ
һſϧ
СǸ˳ԣưֻֽоԼͨͨķɿ졣
ܽתжỊ̄ʵ̫ˣСʲô˵һǳˣ
˸ģҿԷ
ϰ͹޷ȥ̣Ҳˣͽܴɩܶɩʼӡ
С͹˵۾͵͵ƳæµܽһۣоԴҵĺܣҡҡͷ
ųԷʱ˿Ŷûʲôɫָ糣
ϼ˺üӸƣæ˵ˣĺͣ֡
ڵİ㣬İƤģͷзḻðӳһҲ壬ھܳһ
϶С͹ȥãԽԽ㣬Сʳһһͳ˲١
ԵĲˣܽħСְӶ˵һȥ
ӿ۾﴿а˵ùãΪʲôˣ
ܽ΢Ц˵Զ˲ãСٳˡ
һҲӳˣֱߣбĲˡӿͰ͵ĿߣֻܵͷĲˡ
ܽ͵Цûǹ˽
ưϲӾ۵ףۺЦ⡣
ʱһת۵ܽ죬İһһ
Сһһ֦Ļż仨ĶҲ֪ĶҵģܽǸжһֱͷϣֱ
ʲôܽĿñӡ
Ƹ͸ģ˵䣬šһգôû뵽Сøñأ
Ƥģɲˣôˣ
ҾˣƤ𣿡Ҳһ£Ƥɲˡ
ܽƤëñȺ˴ҲǹƸӱİɣ
û£ͷҰǮӻ֡
ܽͷһ£ñ϶ϸƤëرÿ˵ë׵Ļðס䡣
ñӴůܽ΢΢һЦ
ϵʱ򣬺ϸܽһӵĲˣúõĸһ
ҲֱСȻأ⣬ܽرˡ
ܽˮԼҴŻû߹ȥԺţƼϱſھ
ɫеڣܽǿˡͣ࣬ǵѪûɣ·Ų鸡ʬһ㡣
ܽüͷ߳ȥͦԶͻȻ¶ͷ˲оԾ
׷ܹȥһô԰ӹϣҪϵӡ
𣡡ܽסӳ
ľľģܽҲûжɣһζֻҪܽӡ


30 
ܽ뿴˱ȸղſŸ, ɫ̲סŭִˣ
վǰΣ˫ʢˮ, ˻Ƶ˵ֻ, Ȫӣ
ȪҲ֣
һҪǮ, Ҳȥ, Ǿ߳ŭĶ֡
ɩɱܽϱûʲô仯, ѾȺɱ˸ǧ顣
Żʲôϱľܽ
ڵӾ, ʹֱ֣Ͷ̥ȥ
ɩôˣôŹǣǶһ͸ȥȴǺúûţԼһӾͻӣ
ϱԺ︡Ƕ񶾵ӣίӿͷ޺޵˵Ҳģ
ľͶ, ûжܺúûţĥĿȥĵ
ôأ
ϱ;һжѾ, ҪΪ, Ҳ޵ҡ
ϱʱлϴѲСˮԼҲ, ƫƫ󿴼һѡ
л, ȴȺ, ĺһûþڴﴫˡ
²Ż´ǧ, ˵Ҳû, ͼӴ׵Ĵ£Ҳپˡ
ʱףˣ˵ȥϻܺÿ㣬Ͱ˹ȥڼ˵һһϲŮ͸Ҳûа취
һôȥҾûһӡ
ܽüϱɩû˵𣿡
ϱЩ˵ɩ֪ģҲ˵ЩʱҪҲûãҵ˵ˣӹöŮԼ⣬˴ҲҪȥˡ
ܽˣǴĸĵ
ⶼЩʲôɩӾȻҲ
ҵûˣʵֲ꣬Ҳȥ˸ǰҡֻΪͷǣﵱָҵͿ˼ҵ׸ðױɩǷ͸ңյĸǳܲǹҲͺٻȥ鷳ˡ
ϱͷܽ˵ôţɩӵĸͷģôܲںۼأ
ϱͷǶȷܺãһûŰׯڣŰֲãԼĲ
Ҳǲܽɩô뵽Ѱķȥˣ
ϵ໹ʹţϱԼղžʲôӣʵڲȥˡ
ϱ֪ܽ´ô˵һסĸ첲˵ڻʲô취𣿡
ʲôɩӶȸıԼųԸҪȻù
ϱˢһ±Ĳ԰ףɩУĸʲô㲻ֱͦ壬ܾԼһͷͻһֱЩû۸
ϱȻ򣬾˵ĺܶԡ
ԼȻ£ΪʲôҪǣΪʲôԼͲŸı䣿
ѵͻһ
ƾʲô
˵ҶҸģҪô
ɩҲôĶϱʲô㲻֪
ϱ˲ᣬһ£̽˵¡°򣿡
ܽЦˣ˵ȫ嶼֪ģɩӻò£
Ҫ˵˽⣬ϱɱܽ˽ˣ˻
ǵȷС£Ӳһᵽᱻ˴ͺˡϱᣬʮֱġ
ɩӵҲǳصģȻɩǲܻڣۼ⸱ֻʲô̬ȣҪ鷳ǣӹҲˡ
ţܽ̾˵ȻһҲֻǽҪסÿɩԼܰĶޡȥԸ̫˭Ҵ㣬ҲûΪԼ
ԾڴˣܽԼҲûʲôܰˡ
һܹʲôӻԼģǷǽİ˰ٶô
ǸĲһֱҪٱ۸
ϱΪĻ㲨
ץԼĸ첲һʹþòƽҲԽᶨ
ܽҹҵıӰϱʲôϣܳɹ
Ȼɱ
ܽʼ磬Ҳˡ

ܼҵе˳β׶ΣϾҪˡ
ϰԼҵͷˣƽ˽ģһӵĸ߼ۡ
⼸ܼҲ½½ǻӡǿһ׼Źдˡ
СӵģҲ˲ٻȥ껹صȥ̸С棬ֻܼӹұµġ
ӵⷱæϺֽܽǮʱصظǱ˲٣˵лһ㡣
Сÿ˵϶ϲģžá
ϵɱҵڽ뵽β⼸Ҽһɱÿ춼Ʈɱ˵
ڼҸоԼˣڴϸһȥ
ϱǰЩӻҾҲûҲ⣬뵽Ǽ̱ɩ϶Ҳûкӹ
ЦһԼԹԵĹ
ִһҸɱҲܲˡ
µŰЬһᣬͽȥ˸ҡ
кŴһԲˣЦݣɶ°
װɫһЦѽҽʰǵö˲أ
ﲻмһƲ죬ھӣƽʱûܣ⸱Ҫӡ
˵ˣͲ佱ˣ
üһҪû񿴱Ϸһ˸ת䣬ŴͷϵЦĿˣ˵ϣ鷳ϸˣл
ϵճɱ˳Ӧ˵ˣӦõġ
ںͷʮǮһСϵϸ簡ˣЩţȥЪϢ
ϵǮˣⲻҪ벻Ӧţ۾ˣ
ϵ˺룬׻⡣
ˣ͵ſڸ֡
߹ȥˢڸУԴ룬ʾԼɱˣԼݡ
һʲôӦûУ񿴼ǿƵ߽ԷбۿŶЦˡ
ŭɶ֪ԼɱǳԲˣ߳ҳһڣҪɼܡ
ϾҪǺǵģҲھӡ
Ӽ߲ƣһܻ̾˼ңԺͷûŸðͷ
һߵΧߣӶԶȥϵǵӵת۵ײ⡣
ϵؼңŽ
ͷڳܼԼ⣬˲ٱ͸ϵġһһС飬ѵܼҵ׶ŲˣԹǳƤˡ
һ굽ͷʱҸ
..........
ڼӴܺһڼԵģûûһ롣
ӵ硢ܽС
ܣڸۣ֭ˮ㣬ÿγԵʱ򶼻һ֭
ԭҲǳԣÿһӳԵ˸ۣŵú˭Ҳȥӳԡ
ûԾܲˣҹ͵͵Ҳ͵ƣܵӡ
һ㶳Ӳıǣ֮ǰҪˮŻı
ĵĶͷº
СΪ˳صȥһ˯ֹĿﻯŵ棬Ȳˣֱȥ
ţͻȻԺﴫ΢ĽŲ


31 
һ, ΪǺϣϽ²̨档
Ų߽Խš
ŵţȴû, ߽˸ڵĲַ, ͷOO@@Ҷ
ܽ罥ԣһ˿ء
ǽˣ
ŵһջõľ, Ųĵߡ
ܽС, ԼҲȥ
ȪŵİѸϵĶõ, ܼҵס
, еֹֹ̰סЦһ촽ϽԼĴӴ
ߵַǰ͸ŷһȻһķҵס
ûˣ
Цһսľ, Ŷıһӡ
͵үүˣĹ
ȪԤ׵ıһ, ۵һ, һһء
Ĺӷк֪ȴ, һһµ, Ȫش
ôĶܼȫˣ͵һյһյĸ, ϵ·ܳ
ܽ˵С͵, ˶Ǵŭ
˭ôȱ͵
ʵ, Ҽһ춼Ż󳨣ܼҶþû˵˭Ҷ͵ˡ
ģ˭Ҳʱ͵ǴĽ˹
ܴܶߣȥ磬Ƿǵúúýѵѵëɣ͵ˣ
ܴɩܶɩվںͷţͻȻդͷһ˲ʶͬæ˳ȥ
ͷܴɩ˼漴ץһ˽͵ǰһա
ӣ
ڳļ˶һɱǧģ
ӣͷȪˣ
洫Ȫ޵
ˣˣ尡
Ȫ˫ԴͷҲɢˣϵ·ڵϹģı׵ģűѪ
ϿȻŭȪȻҼ͵
ȪԼ۵İϰϵġ
ӿȪĲ״ʱŻˣеðǣȻ˴ӣɱˣҪȥץΣ
Ҽ͵ûõˣ͵û͵ɣ㻹ȥ٣
ܴɩһԲЦ˵ȥ٣ʱ򿴹ٲץ˭
ȪĶ۰⻰ˣϵǰĴȣϸɲٰܱϵҾǱһʱˣǧȥ
ֶһߵܴɩƣ𰡣ɲȥŰǶݣСʱ廹㣡Ŀ𣡣
ܴɩȫһףеϣɱˣҵû㼸棬Сʱ㱧ңף
ϵͿȪҲһƿŭֺоˣھȻʼ͵ˣǴôͳôһ࣡
Ӽ̲סˣܴɩûĸεС潸Լݶµȥ֣͸㣡
仰˵ֿʼܼƿڴʲôǻﶼĳܽϽסСĶ䡣
ʱŭȥ
ã£һĴ˭˭ҲĴһʱϾȻռ·磬״ܴɩܶɩҲȥ
ܼҸ缸ɫȭͷ֨֨죬ϻѵҪܵȪֿʼ
ϵվһ߿ҲζǶִ
ȪɱӵĶˣ
˳ȥֵţһҶˣСܹ
Ժ￴־磬϶Ǵ󾪣
ţϽܽû²ŷġ
ܼŮǲǳصģӼӾмܲסˣֿʼߺɱܼɱ
ܽСݣְţȥҴ峤ԼͻȻ߽־ġ
мĲɿӼ򲻹˵Խţȥܶ㱻ˣţֽŵ̧Ҫ
ܽȥɩӣֽͣ˸ǡ
ͷȫˣ·Ҳˣڵ˿İţϣɱӴ
ܽڵϣ߬ӵק
Ӹӣܽޱֻ˲˵ڼҰɣ֣ԡ
д󺧣ң
̧ͷŵɴӶܽע۾۵дŵ޾⣬ͻȻļһ£ں˵ˡ
ĸҡ
峤󼱼ææı·ûԼϴμҲΪȪһңͷһɻ
ܽɿ˵Ⱥվţ̱ڵϲ֨ˡ
Χ۵һȺ˶ɻ˵ɶأôͣˣ
ԺˣһϵȪ̾üһ۾׵øèһ
ѹסЦ˼һϵզ°ϵզȪ
ϵһ˵ϵȪһۣ˵ľ
˶ʱһŭ⣬תͷȪ㻹ҪҪˣȻ˼͵
ӻ紿ӣҼһϵͦõģҲûɶС͵С˻ﳤһֱΪ
ֳ£Ǵ
Ҿһʱϣ峤֪˰Ȫһͳľͼģ۾׳ɺԵøˡ
ۿŹ꣬⵵Ӧ˭Ǵ˶úõģͳңԼ˵˵˶£ǲǾͲˣ
һԳĬͻȻСȫǣ˭ɱҲû˵ȥԵ㣬ôζܼܲô࣬Ҽһզģ
Ĵӵ۵ģ˵ʲôǽ͵˼ҵٶɶ£ƾɶ㣿֪ڴϣһ굽ͷûһͷڿɱ֪ˣ
Լ˵ϱ£ˣֿڵǼǲǰѴϱˣҲɥģϽȥ˼ҽӻҪǲӵĻʱϱ˿ɱң
ǾͲˣܺԼҵ°ɡƲƲ죬졣
ι¿ηΣŭһҲˣͷȪȪ֪û
峤ϸ֪ˣԺһҲˣ
˵˼ϵܼҴǻãһͦˣܺü˾ˣһˣʵ̫ˣ
Ȫֱͷ˵峤ϸ˵öԣһؼһ̺ܽҲһˣ
ݺݵĿӣдһ˿ղŻ
ϽϵǸԺұֵַģ´ΣǾͱסˣڵˣֱӷ˺ݻ
ȪһȥвӦĵϵǿͷǵǸ˵ԼҲˡ
ϵüͷȪ˵ԺҼԶ㣬ҲҼǰƣ
ϵĻңҲָӵıٸұ֪Ҽһ䣬Ҿȥ˺죡
۾͸Ͽ˺֧ܽһ£ûһ졣
ϵкˣȪȻҶǳһٺô򣬺ܵ뿪ܼҡ
ţһҹ䣬Ȱοϱ˲ֵã˰Ҳȥˡ
ܴɩ˷ߺ޵˵͸ðȪͽţǺúö׼βŽ
ܴ缸Ҳֱͷﻹأ
˵ٽأҲ£Ȼû͵ֱǴһپô˰ɣԺ¶Сŵ㣡
ϸϵﶼףȪ¶̫СжصĴһ˲˵û׼ôȥòʧ
һԺ˼䣬ͻȻӦ磬ʣҹ˯ɶ
ܽһ²ӣúûע͵͵ˡ
Ȼһͷʹ簤


32 
ֹ˼, ۿҪˡ
ϴż˰ĴСɨһ£ûȥ͵Ԫڹٻˡ
¶ʮ, ׻˵ʮ, ɱ꼦
һЩĻصɱ, Ժͷܴɩ׷żļԺܡܽˮ, ⼦ɹĳֱ, ȥҲæץ
Ѽץס, ܶɩһ﹫˵⹫˲أ
ĸҲôµһżܴɩҲ
ܼԺһʮֻ·СҲˣһÿ춼ܼʮһż
˵, 꿪ͺˡ
Ų˵ʮ, Ӿɱһֻ
ץʣµļֻɱ, Ҫæˡ
ԺļϾ˼ֻ׼ʣµĴ㶼ɱö
һ伦µιŻʳʰҲ», ʱд˻ԼԶ㡣
ĸһ, ɱõļˮë
ëζɲţһʰôֻ, ܽǴ־;ԼҪѬȥ, Լɩӻժë̸Ц, ֱĲˡ
ţҲɱܽԺžͷţӢɤź磡ܣϰҧ㣡
ţҲɶأˣ
̲ܽסЦ⧲һڼëζûԼߡ
ææµµ죬ڴĴʮڵ
ܽʱ򣬺ϸܴɩǾѾæµˡ
𡢽ⶳ⡢ɱ㡢вˡ
Ϳʼ׼ҹ
һ뵽͸ˣҲ˯ˣ˸Ϳʼæ
ܽεЦЦӼ˸ɻĶ顣
ĸϾͻˣϵǸ͸֡
ϰѰõĽ˸ǣϵˢմһһĨͿʼĴӡšַȦѶϡ
æʱĸͻȻЦһ£˵ҿۼ˶ʶ֣ҪһѶЦˡ
ֵܼҲˣЦ
岻ʶ֣ȦĶȦݵĴϣҪ·Ĵ峤ϽҵϻŷȦأ
ЦڴһǺö꣬ÿε׾ͻᱻ
ܽ˵ԻҪʶ֣ۼҵСԺĺǶѧ֣һֶᡣ
ϵͷС䵽ˣȹ꣬Ҳȥѧඣ
ܴЦĺģ˵СסʣԺ϶ѧıǿ
һϵŶˣЦſ֣Ǹƽأ׳ٻƼҡ
ܶЦ˵ǵöдĶĲɣҪд϶дһͿ
Ҳһƽ˴أ˵
ĸһ£Ŷ°ͣ˵һ
ǹ뿴ԼҲƫͲˣ˵һһ
ĸ˸ơ
̧ͷʾ֭롣
ΣͻȻ˵ˣ
ʲô
һ˶ͦڴģϵҲת
һڣˣдźϳ˵˵Цܴܡ
ֵоơ⡫Ǯ
أ
ҡ
ֵܼǺϵ
ֱԼֽоתͷЦǣôҶԵĲɣ
ܶЦֱ˵㣬ͦõģû뵽ҲôĲɡ
ĸЦֱӲ̨Եɶ鶼Ȳϣ
㶮ʲôԵĶðˣ˵ǲ
ϴ̽ͷǺӣ
ϵɰͰ͵ģͦͦáҲԺȥˣֵܼҲϣĸ绹ЦأƲ죬ԵľͲ
һӣ˺ü档
һϣ²˼ڡײڡڡ
ܼҶǾ²˼ڵģˣֱӴһ׼ϣҪķݶü˳Ը
һŮһ֣һʱ˼ٸӣҪԵҲ׼ˡ
ʰӣҪʱˡ
ܿҪˣϵܴ缸ѼֽǮúã˸СȥϷˡ
꣬ҼһѼе͵ƶõģ·Ҳ¡
ѩˣܴɩԺܵѩϲؽгܽȷʵ׷˶ëѩ
ϴϲãЦ˵ѩ׷꣡ⳡѩǺͷ
ǣۼׯڻܷգ
ϵǴԺ߽ѩɸˣһĶЦǺǵġ
զֳ
ܶЦŻغϣղŸүүֽֽǮͱһķϣ˵үү̿żǮأ
Ժ˹Цܼǰ̵ңүүȾƣû¾ͱ͵͵صǮǶֳ˲ֳ
ǰ£һӵ˿ʼȥˣֽǮû򣬴ԪٸȥĹŶЩ
ţܽԺС̣ȼһڵϣըѷžһը죬˽ס䣬Ĳֺ
ﴫֲ˶óˣƮ˵
½½žʱҲˣܴɩǰѷ½½ܴȼϹҵ̣ܼҵҹҲʼˡ
ǰܼҵҹֻˣķĿǴ㡢ӡɫĻ˿žͼꤡ
ܽһԼһĺӣýճʶ壬Ҩһ֭跹㡢ζŨһڣоԼĳ־˲١
Լôãܼ˼ֱúóԵҪ̵ͷһӵĲ˳ԵǴá
ĸʱþٳԵСķˣڴڵжᶼҪƽҽݶԼͦһȾԼƽļֱʳ
ܼ˻ϲϲĳζҹʱҲҹӭµһꡣ
ܽۼע⵽ϻӣЦ۾һߵǰҸˣףµһ尲Դ٣á
תֶϵҲ갲ףٸʱ죬ʤ⣡
飡
ϸϵЦۣóһ˵ѹǮ㣬ԸҵĽԺƽƽ˳졣
ܽЦŽӹߵһԣͷܼҸ缸ŷӦǰϰꡣ
СΪʮ㣬ڵϸүү˵ľͿ˼ͷʱҡһεĻҪٿģŵúϸϽ˵ˣһ⣬ȫҹЦ
ܶɩܶǰ꣬˵ŵȶˣҲүү̿ͷ꣡ϸϵҲЦŸһ⡣
ĸܣܴɩܶɩྐྵģܴ硢ܶǶźӡ
ڸףáЦģⱲҲ֪ˡ



33 
һ, ܼ˴µִ߽İꡣ
ܽĸ棬ͷϴƤñӣϴɾ£Се, ˾Цʺ, ¶һС
ݣ˭˭, ֵܼܼҲɡ
˵˼Ұ, ܽſڸʺ, ͷվŵĹƿǶñ΢΢ǡ
һɫ, üǡɰأ˿ӢˬǿҵĴڸܽע⵽С
ܽ߹ۺЦĿºͣñӴŻů𣿡
ܽЦŻů͵ģƸԺҪٻǮ, ̫ˡ
֮ǰƵǮûҪñӻǮ
û, ֻҪϲͺá
ллƸ, Һϲ
ָ˵˾ãܽ͸ֵܼܼ뿪ˡ
ϿԶתԺŹվԭһЦ, Ƶɶôģ
ƺ֪˱飺ûа
ûԭ˳ÿɵӵһԼҵĶ, ҡҡͷȥˡ
ܽŸǳһ꣬Ϳʼݡ, ż, ü, Ļдһֱ˺üЪϢоǱ⻹Ҫۡ
컹ͦõģܽ˸СԺɹ̫Сѧ˹ֶ˰Ѽóһһڵĳʿ
ܶɩܶҲԺͷ棬ܶͷһسһĴ۾תתȥģĿһС
ܶɩҡ£ԺܴɩЦģһ£ɩɶôˣ
ܴɩԺȺ˿ˮϽԼղſǣдֻĿڵҸղŻ·ȪңſΧһˣզ˾ʹǰȥһۣԭȪϱֵأ
ܶɩһԼĻȷϱû
ܴɩ֪ţԼʱҲԾһ¡
ҿģǰɲһˣվڵģǾͷһ
̧ܽͷܴɩ˵۾һɾɩץסӣȥͺݺݵ˦ƣӴֱл
ôݣ
ܶɩŴͣ⻹ʶǸϱ
ܽе죬עطɩҲ
֮ǰûи˵ܼ˲֪ϱɩӲ͵¡
ܴɩͷˣɩӵһˣԺͷڴģ
ܽȻѰ˼Ӧʲôô⼸ɩæ˰ɡ
ȪŵȥҴ峤峤Ŷûȥ峤£ֱֻһﺺקŸؼˡ
ܶɩԴ˵֮ǰ峤ѹǣӻӴ峤£氤뵽˼ҵĻˣ峤ҪǲŹ֡
ǣϱ͸ôʰˣǰʵ̫ثֲñ۸ҿҲѻȻһø࣬ҷ߿һۡ
ܶɩͷͬȷʵǰȻҲԸҲʵ˱
͵ᣬҲ֪죬˵ͲҲֻĬĬǿޡ
ԺȪһǇNɪˣ˼ֵܷųˣֻҪԺ˵˴ӣǼٵģҲҪжһȣȪˣ
ܴɩЦʮʹ죬ȻȪͬջմݣһҲƲ˵ɣ޲ԽùԽá
ܶɩͣ˼˵顣
ܽ˿ôǵϱϢ
벻ء

꣬ܽʮˣѾ˼֮ꡣ
ͷݵʱʲôߴð˴̵ĶΧ;Ŀܽ˵һҪܽܣķʤؼ̲סϵԹ
˵ЩҲ̫Щ쵽Ҫ£Ҳû˵Ҫ˵װ
ϵף˵˵ףСء
˵ҲôģôһŮһҪ߶౦ء
Ⱥ䲻ǽϵȺС˭Ҳ䲻ŮѹŮ޸˽ܵĸҲġ
ǿɲ¸ȺСӵĿɲһһҪʱϸϸġĴ˵һõ¡
ϵͷ
ϰѲڴµǮóϵ⿪Ҳ·ˣܵڴɽ֮ǰꡣ
ϵ˵ǣʺϼ˶Ǯ
ӵۼﶼоʮˣ
ϵһһ٣ô
ɫҲǰҪǷǰ붼룡ȷʵôˡ׬ǮǴͷǮۼҹȥһ㡢׬ģеɱۼǮȥˡ
ϵֺǺǵģ˵ܸǴ߷ˡ
ҲЦ˵㹻ˣϾۼҲһꡣȸǸ߷ȦһԺٸǡ
ţУҪģٸһŴ󴲡
ϵͺǰˣԺҪ·һܽһ䣬ڼģʡһСֽĲ㡣
İɣﶼأۼҾʹ¿ʼǣ
Уȴæġʱľ뽿˾˹ɣҲһйѧѧҲǮȫˡϵ˵
ϵǸμҾ˾үǮ׬أףЦŵͷ˵ǣԼҲġ
ڴ𣿡
ڴңһʮǮòһ¾͸ˡ
ϵͷУͰ˵
֮䣬˾ͰѼ·ļƻճ̡
һ˵֪Ϣʮָˣ磬˶ֻˣȼķһȢϱǶһ£ȥҸӨϢ
ӨҲˣŵʱǷⲻ࣬һ꺮ůĶĶˣ޲ͰѷӸǺȢϱ
ܽڵﻹԼһ䷿ܾȣҲû˵ʲôȻǮǾ͸ˣȻҲϲԼӡ
ȻˣϵͺϾͿʼͷж
ϵżҸߺμҾ˾˴ԼǷμҾ˾ȻûвӦģ֪ǵ߷ϸ˻ˣ˵ʲôҲҪǮϼ˵ֱӰǮ˺μҾĸա
μҾ˾֪صûǮ˸ǷⷽҲʶˣźȥƬʯϣʡ˲Ǯ
ϵͷȥܶң֪ܶϵҪǷҲܸˣæ˵ʱ˨ӺһȥܶҲֺǣ˵ʱæ
ܶҳϵȥҺţңũڼܲȻûвԸģӦ˵ϵ׷׵ϲ
ЩҲˣϵͲˣѸĶˣ;ĵŴǷˡ


34 
һ, ʱ͹Ԫڡ
ĸҽȥܽڼеת˲ֿʼæż⡣
ùĽҲˣһǷ, ȥһǮͻ˸ɾһҪͷ, һ˽⡣
Ѿתůˣ·ϵĻѩʼڻ, еʱ»ǻͻȻ, ·Ͻһ
һСľˤ, ܽѼעⰲȫ, ȴû뵽һеԼ
ˤڵϵʱûоôȵһ˻ŵĹʱŸоۡ
żû£ܽһ۵ġ
ŤˣɲϹһܺءܴɩ״˵
ҲðɣܽҲûôš
ô, ҪԺأߣؼңһ, Ѷһ·ֱܽ˻, Ժͷϵ𣬿Żˡ
զ˰
ûµеŤ, Сֵķǵһ
զŤأ
·, ˤһӡ
ȥţɲС, öԡ
ܽ, ϸϱӡ
, ûµģôġ
İɣҲæĹ⼸ڼţٸȥ˰
ܽ˼ڴϺ֪ľԴеۣһϴ
ôҿû𵴡
ļܽͱ˼ÿڴϿͺȥ㡣
ţӢ˵˹ݿŵĲ̲סЦ
ôŤҲǼʮˣ
ܽЦˣû뵽ô춼ûã˶ëˡ
ţӢͬĿ˵⼸ѩɾˣһ·Ͻ˱ƫƫͱˣҶ֪˵ʲôá
ܽģţӢ̾˿˵ҹֻˣһˣﶼ޿ˡ
ܽ΢üͷǶҲ̫˵㣬Żһֱ
ҵ˵һӣ޵˼Ҽҵֲ̫ãԾͳˣֻ
漰ܽҲ̫˵ʲôְֻο
ˣҸ˵ţӢ²ܽ˵ʲô⴫һŮ
Ӣӡ𣿻ؼˣţС߽ܼԺӳﺰûţӢͽܼӡ
ӢɶأҺû

ţСÿŵܽһôˣһתۣСʱһأ
ܽ΢Ц£к
զˣզ?
ˤһӡ
ǿɵעⰡ·ɻզ죬ɩԼæĹ....
ţӢվסੲݵţСãܽˡ
Ұ֪ߡ
ţСñߵܼ⣬չţӢ˵ܼӹĿð˵ҶǿܽоʲôԲŷģ
ţӢܵĵͷ˵ţС۾һԴͻȻи⡣
ţӢı͸оû£ȻڷţСɤӸԼҴ˵磬˵ܴҵĽʮ˰ɣ
ţ˵ǰզˣ
˵û˵˼أ
ûأʲôţȻش
ǻ˵Ŀɲ԰ʮˣǴˣôܲ˵˼أ
ţӢֱüãҲʮҲû˵ذ˵Ÿչ˭ô
Ҳÿʼ˵ˣչʲôϵ
˵Ҫʲôɣţֱ
СӻûȢأҲʣҿҪ˵ԣţСþԼ뷨治Ҫ˵ˣǴһ׮
⻰ɱȥ˵ҪȻܼҿɲ㡣ţ֪ûƨһ˵
ɶСûɶõģû
һֱĬԷţͻȻͰһųȥˣţӢҲӦˣߣ˵˾䣺զôأɶʣȽأ
ţҲˣ˵ϽԷɣϹѰ˼ˣһЩûõġ
Ҿ˵һ£ôɶţСƲƲ죬˵Ͳ˵£ɫ
ţЦһţղŵķӦ˼
ţͷţѹֲסǹŭܽЦüӣͺ޲ýݰѳţСǶȥ
ţӢԼҶ£ƽϢŭԺţࡣ
û°ɣ
ûɶ£Ťһ£Ѿڼˡ
ţͷ˵ˡ
ţӢ֮ǰժӵ£ٿղԼҶķӦ･Ҳˡ
ϲ
զûϲ˼
һ̾˿
ܽڼһǰ£˺Ҳȥֱů˲Űݡ
ɺܺãܼÿ춼ȥܶҲǼӴ˹Ӧܶɩȥڼû㣬ÿܴɩͷۿѧϰڵҲʼæ
޾ʱܼæµʱʳкܶ࣬ŵϳƲƲֱӾߵǰȥŶӵĿ˶ʱˡ
ģӰ
ǣϽŶȥż򰡣
СƤҲ񣡡
һһѴ޾˵ģͷŭҶ̼ҿģǰôˣ
ܼҵݣŶӵȻв޵ҲСǰˡ
޾㵽ܼӵĴǰվղźͷǮûע⵽ڳü֧ڰ̨Ҳ˵ɶ
޾㴩һòϣͷϴӣҲӣⱦģɡ
ЦǺǵĶ˵磬ڲ
ңܽպôͷĻûʲôĿ
һζûУ޾Цˡ
һֱǵϲıãмһˣҪ˭úã
ⲻصдż޾ϼĵǰҲûʲô𰡣׬ǮôҲδôᰡ
µĻܽŭЦ޾񿴱յһ
Уүź𣿡
ֱܽ׵ĳȥ޾Ļɫһӳ
檹ҲʮһȻҶ̬ȣ
޾һ뵽ԼĿģϼһĨӲĵЦͲˡ
ܽҪֽݸֺֽá
޾һ̣߽˼
̧ܽۿȡһϸϸӣԼǰĵϣӻ򷢹
ҲģӾ͸ˣԺŴĪҪٴ˷һˡ
޾㻰˵Ҳ
翴ôС˲ŭˣҲŮҪѵܽס磬ЦЦ˵ϵӡ
ֵǮ
޾뿴ľ⸱ûʶӣˬ켫ˡ
ǵȻˣûɣ
ܽЦһתͷվŵһСкֵʯͷ
Скϴƾɾɣܹܽӵݸȥҩɡ
ʯͷϲصɴ۾鲻٣ӹӵлתͷܳȥˡ
޾㿴Ŀɿڴ̣ŵضʧҵӸؤ
ΪļΣصشҫȻؤ


35 
ʯͷؤ, ǼһѡһԵȥˣü͡
ʯͷСһϳֻʣһ̱ڴ, ϵ˶, ܼÿͻѵԡ
޾ŲЩؤ, Ť, ָ֪ܽǶǮ𣿲ʶļ, ȻộҵĶ
ܽ, ߳ס죬޾ԲӣӲ߻ֻ̧ͷ
ܽ΢΢һЦĨݺݵض˵ҰϴϴŶ
޾۴УԱûһ
ܽĨ˽ȥ, 񺮵ĿһԼ쵽֡
Ц˺һˣ״Ͻȥϴ, ԼЦǺǵĸߺĿ˼ŶӲ
ܽȥϴ, ޾Ĩקĵֱ¡˿ˣΪӲ, ڸǴĳЦ
ϴɾ˰ɣ˵ô, ͸ñ˼ôǻã
Ļ˼˼, ˲, װʲôװ
ϽϺͷȥ, 㣬ϱڼҵأ
޾㻺ֱȺ˸˺һϳԼ
ϣſ壬㲻ɵǸС𣿡
˵˾ӣԱߣ֪Ҳȱ˶࣬Цϴˮ𣬻пճŻε
ɶ£
Աߵ˲˰Ե£׷׺شչȥզ¡
޾ɫȻ䣬û뵽¶֪ϽǿȺͷˡ
ӸһȺ˽զ£Ҳһ䡣
ԭ޾òã챻ﵱѾʹͰʺĶǳ£ûпôʡ
ԴĸӣܼҵĹϵһֱڻصǰ粻õ£Ϊ޾㲢ܳ衣
лĺ⣬ȰҪΪôһݶ
ڰ֣ȫûѴ޾㵱ݡԴ֪˺μҴ̵֮󣬴޼˶˵İˡ

޾ûܼһ˿һ˴æһµʱ䣬ȫֵһ괺ʱˡ
ΪиǷļƻϵܶһɣҵģܶҵģ˶ٶҲ졣
ܶȻͬ⣬ڵţ˵Ҳ˽ǽ괺ͱһֵء
ܽţһҵĽӴڼֳÿµػû۵ӣʱʱ̴̿Ц
ţӢڽǰЦøһ֪˵ʲôˣֻĬĬԶ㡣
˶󣬶ʮһµأϵҵĵûüˣְ˰£˵Ĵܿͽˡ
ͷһܼͣľ׼Ƿӣ֮ǰõĶ½½͹μҾ˾Ҳ˺üˡ
ܽż˰Ķᣬڿյϴ˸СӣǷڼһ˾ס
éСݱˣϵѡ˸գܼ汲˼éݺȻϵͺϼݺᡣ
ֵв٣ܼǰ˿ʯͷſһ롣
ܼȻ߷ˣöǮܹ
ǿ϶ϴһǮˣһ߷Ҫʮˣο䣡
˵͹զ׬ôǮأҲȥ̯㣬ҼǲҲܸϴ߷ˣ
ԱߵЦˣҲ̫ˣһģ˵￪˶Ӷܼңܱȹܼң
һҲ˵㰡ҲףҰҹԶͿһƳȥˣ͸͸ڵģҲ֪զġ
˵ҪԼǸҲҡҡͷԸпȷʵ̰һ첻ЪģҪһ治һܼ
ͷţϵһԺɻӸձƵҪ黹أ
éݣܴ⿸ľͷɵӣЦǺǵ˵ϸҴ󻢼ôصľͷ˵̧̧һҲģһඣ
ϵЦŻƽʱԵҲ࣬㿴͹ƣƽʱųԵĲ࣬ɴĺţ
ţ͹һԽжľ׮˶Ӿжһ
ţЦŻӦϵұմ󻢸Զأľ׮ǹƸĴҶûɶó
ǫˣûҲû취ôжЦţһ£кȥжһ
ֿЦ˵ǹ˼СʵˣǼϸǮֱӾ͹æ
ƻˣû취æҲ̸ϳôҪǮأ
һܹҴֶǰæˣҪǲǮһ˼أ˼СҲʵˣôææһԼ뷹
ЦӦһͷæжľ׮ȥˡ
ܽɩܶܶݹæ
ܽô࣬·ǲ˰ױӣ֮ǰҲóˣһ
ܶвˣᵽԼļױѾĲˣۿԼ׵ӲԶˣͷŵĺܣͻȻе㵨Ӽˣ
ܽ飬Цſο˵˵ЦЦĻҲͣųԷˡ
ţͷͷӸǡ
ҴɽϲɵģҳŻͦóԵģǳ
˵лӹܽ˲Ƥŵҧһڡ
𣬳رˬڣ
ţһֱܽͷ˵óԳЦˡ
ܽӣԱߵܶݱͻȻŤüë۾һ𣬸æզˡ
ҵﰡҲ̫ˣǲǹҰ
ţһ㶣˵ûа𣿡
ҵݶˣ
?ҳԵζһΪء
ǲֻԵǸ𰡣
ܽ˵ԼҲͦóԵģһӣͷһߵվǡ
ܽչȥ̲סһЦ˳
ţҲǱﲻסЦˣдǸ˵Ҳ֪Ϊʲôг࡭
죡ܻܶ
ﴫЦͷȥţվһЦݵģ֪˵ʲôѽüЦġ
ע⵽˫ֱܽ۾оֵֹģĪе㲻ˬ
СǶŽɶأЦĻôѿ
Ŀ˰ΣƼţ໹ͷɫ
ֵһֱ﷭ڣҲʼܿ
Էʱţоһֱڿ̧ͷһŷǹơޱĿţ࿴ĿӶʹˣͷ룺ƸΪʲôѵԵ̫ˣ
һֱжľ׮ţϴ󾢲жһŴŵĺڵϣȻ򣺲ԣԾǹƸˣԼ׸ɶ°
ûעԼʲôµţ࣬ϻصڴϷȥ
ôˣ
ôô˳ۣ


36 
۾, ԺﶼܽЦ绨Լţ˫۾ƸоƵĶҪըˡ
ôˣ
ô
ΪԼΪԭ
뵽ʲôͫ΢Ҳͣһ¡
ܲܣǷˣ
ƽ˫ۣһӼž, ֻԼ΢΢صĺ
ͻȻ, Ʋһ˫۷
֪ˣ֪ԼΪʲôôˣ
ǸС, һǶԽ⣡ְѽÿ, Ȼͻῴ˳, Բ
һԭ
ڸԼ, ʶһƽ£˯ǰţøϽߴɽסţСӣ뽿Զ㡣
......
Ƿ, μҾ˾ÿ춼ɻźͺμҴѰ˼Ҳ, ɴÿһţæ
˵ļ, ҲҪôˣܽһʱż˴֡
ϱʱ, ܽںԺιץС, мҺǷȺϱֺܽͰһ˹ȥ, ˸˵
ϱϴˬʵЦ, һճҰ˱ӣ͸ȥɽϲ˲ٴ󳲲˻, ˼˱ӣ˶࣬Ҳ㷹
ܽЦһ£զô࣬ɩӼ𣿡
ϱһ֣ںص͹ˣûʲôٳԼҲ
ôǻ͵𣿡
ϱüëһһ͵Ǹң͵ҴǵĹȣ
ܽе㱣ǰˬϱǰΨΨŵŵֱر
ܽΪλ룬˵ûôǼҵĶϱ
Ȼе㾪ȣܽǿ⡣и˵ѴȻ֪ʲôɩӰҪǺؼңЩɩָôԡ
ڵҲͦõģԴֵܰԺͷľʰȪ˵Ϣ
ӱʮ񶼲Ҷ˺ݺһ괺ȫ˵أô档
ⷿӸɵ÷ѲҪ̫Ҳæ
ӴӱϹȥ⻰ͷСֹϱЦЦֻŸܽ˵
Щ£˵ʲôĶСҪǰҲᣬڵֱɩһ̵ЩһоûУĹԼڵӡ
ҵҵ־ˣɩڼҰæɡ
ϱͷ
ˣɩԼ˺ôֻܽǸ׷ǹʻԸġҪܽ벻һͷˣһֱǵܽĶ飬ֻܼС±
ıϱܽ˵ţҪɶҪæľңڼҶпա
á
ϱܽصϴ룬һڽ˵Ļ͹ƣ̲סɻ
ߴﹾ˵ʲôأľͿ
Ƹ˵öԣҹ۲ˣСǲԾϲǰգüԹ˵еŭ
ø࣬Ȼõ⣡
Ƹͬܣصͷû취ˣҪ
˵ףͻȻежԹ˵Ƹ磬統ıҶҪְ㶼ע⵽ҾȻûע⣬̫ˡ
ƿһ£һ飬ⶼӦõģҲ
ͷһѵĵɴ۾ŭСֹȥˣ
һǣ磺ߣ
ܽǣţ൲סߣɣظɣ𡣡
߹ִţϣһɣأץһڡġҲһԣ͵ǲ
ţ࿴ԼβͣеΡߵƸʹɽ綼ȥéһ𣬰ģþûͽ˵ϻˡ
߰ɣȥ棬ǻҪء
һ߹ǺͰЦǰȥЪЪɣһŸӽԡ
ӴǿпڸˣӽһÿζܰŷԼ롣
ߣȥţһԷ㳢͹ţߣţٲԸҲֻܸ˳ȥˡ
ҲҴȥҲҴңܽվԭһԻģͷϴȥˡ
ԱϴӣЦеţҶɹϵ
ǰҸӢӹϵãӴҲ࣬һҾۼҵæš
ûװɣ
ûС̨ܽתͷôˡ
ҲǴˣûΣҪвС͵͵ϲˡ
Ż˴뱲ӣղһ۾ͿţǵСžţԼұŮһƽľ֪ûʶ¡
ܽŵĻһ٣Ĭһ£һӵصܰɣ
ǿ˵׼˭ܲµ˵˼أЦЦҲٶ˵Լ룬Լȥժˡ
ܽվԭأüͷ鸴ӵĲ֪ôá
ûĿԳ֣ϲһ仰ܽû졣
Ŵ˵ûиݵĻȻ˵˿϶ǿʲôܽԼƽţĽӴҲûʲôԾģС󲻶
벻ףܽ̾˿
ôԺǸ籣־ɡ

ƵڶûȥܼңɽϴԵʱ򻹷Žһֱסţࡣ
񣬹ƻ㱻߸ҧˣգϵĹԽ׼ͣҪϽԼĿȥܼҶţࡣ
ţ಻֪Ҳſڱ綢ģֻҪһܼܱҵߣûһ῿ܽ
ǰڳԷʱܽڲ֪ôӰӶҲһˣţƵúܡ
ܼ·ĵػѾˣָںμҾ˾˺ͷѧϸΪѧɸ׬ǮӴ󲿷ֵʱ䶼ܼңֱϱ˲Űݡ
һֺСӣӶ˺ϲŴӺμҴ֪£лϲӲʱȥżҿһˣЦǺǵĸ˵Ǻ˺ֱ֣һģӿ̳ġ
ܴɩţ˽˺˵
˵ɶϲϾϲ
أһ׼ʱѾƳһˡ
Ƕˣ
ϸ˵Ĳ֪ʲôǺãܴɩֱͷһ߸ɻܴ纰˹
զ
ʱЦеĸ粻øɻˣܴɩȥҽݿܴ֪Լϱϲˣȵĵɴ۾İ
˵ϱȥûеʱ򲻾֪ˡ
ܴ纩Цˣʰһ¶ܴɩȥˡɻʱҲţ˻ˣ˺ܴɩȷʵϲˣɰѺϸֻˡ
զ̥òã
İء
Цãܱˣ
һ֪ҲǸˣܶɩܶЦŶܴɩ˵ȥɩչô࣬ҲҺúźźɩ


37 
ܴɩŶϲ̵Ķ˵ʲôһ, ǻչˣ
ԴСܴ֮ɩһֱûٻУΪӲ¿ɷˡ
ɩУССĻͷ, ǧ
Ҳ , ʲôк϶ϱ̥û, ҪСš
ܴɩ֣û, ƽҲ̨ǵɻ, ۲, ɡ
ܴɩڿвס󲻹˶ҲţͷͬĻ
ܶɩܶҡ£϶üЦĵǶɲǼСඣ

ܴɩḁ̃Ҳûʲôĵطڼǰһø
ܶɩһֱע, һʲôܹȥܶһܴɩ庢Լȥ
С֪еܻܵ, Ҳճܴɩ߰úܽ, еϣܸá
ֹȥ˰ң·˳Ρ
ܽǼ䷿ʮֿӳ, Ժƿݵ, ϵͺϸŸϸڣҪԼҹŮһõӡ
Ժլز, ϵȥ˴峤һ, Ӽͷɶĵ, ӽĸһЩ룬һԺҪǷּդҲˡ
ܽĽ£ְѼˣŻͷԼ̨ԺҲ㡣
ĻֶӣæһҲͣЪܼԸǷͽϢһ죬Ϊ˸ܶͼޡ
ܶݽˣܽһ峿ʱ͸˹ȥյûãܼҴúܶҲ½½ĵˡ
ܶͿʼڼٳ֣ױڵϰԺ˶ܿ
ͷܶݼ޹ȥԲůܶϵżĻðһݷļױӴûһȱģ˵ȥܶҲÿ
ͷܶѾϴϣڴϸܴ˵һɫѣĨЩ֬ͷһľһ֪ӡ
ܽˣܶݸϽкԼԱߣܵĸ˵
ڸоýŰô죿
ûµģһøǶȥأýš
ܶݵͷ
ܴһԵЦƽ첻µزµģʳ¶ôСµýˡ
ܶߵһۣһⲻΪҪ޳ȥ˲Žŵġ
ܴЦЦػܽͦŸӣĵʣýӻ𣿺û㣿
ܴݻˣڵԭĶֵ°ͶһʮĿ
ܴҡҡͷԼԲЦ˵ӵǲңԼܲס죬쵽ĳԺö෹Ҳ˺üȦˡ
ܶݴŻҲЦЦɲɿ˴ˣɶûȥ٣ڼҸˡ
ܴݵܽЦ
˵ţͷԼܶݸˣץֲܽţܴݳϽɿЩܶݵͷһܽ۵Сֱץͨ죬ǸĶ˵ԲסܽЦ˵û¡
ӭ׵˽Ժˣܽĸ硢øſЦŲýʯ뷭դҲûɹһԺͷֵʮ֡
ܶţͻȻѹ֣ܽ˸еĶ˵һˣܼҾʣһŮˣԺҪúõģһ᳣ġ
ܽܶȻýã׽Ҳȥڼһšôһ˵ʮɬۿҲ
ҲҪúõģѴͻ˵
ܶͺ߽ӭ׵Ҫˡܽ߬һܶݵɿվһȥˡ
ܴݸһʰ޵˺ͷ
ӭ׵˽Ժʯǰϵһ컨ϲźͷߵ˾ЦҲáзĵϲãܽ΢΢һЦ֪Ժ϶ܶݺá
ܶݾҪʯɱȥˣһֱд͵ܶܶ˿ʮֲѹܶһֹסᡣܶݿ˲סˣĸŮ˱һ˫˫
һȰοһ˲ɿֵ̧ܼԺļױʯҲܶݱţϡ
ڻͲӣֻţܶݣΪʮΡ
ܶݸܳˣοﶼģԼҲ⡣ʯɿܶݣ˵ԼԺһϺӣҲܿ࣬ܶижЦŵͷ˵á
һճɾ˵ĿУܶݸʯˡ
ϸܶȥˣܽɩӻ˼ңԺþòƽ
⼸ɽû֪ܶݳ޵£ܼ붢ţ˸գתҪȥʱ򿴵ܽԺӣŲһת˹ȥ
ܽͷѹǰͻȻһԼԵţǣһ£̧ͷײƹĵĿ
Ƶͷºͣô𣿡
ܽ룬û¡
Ц£ǵݸԱܽлζϯζ٣鶼˲١
ƸŻǰ
˵ǣתͷ㲻ϲһЩȡ
˵ƽܽȴ񡣹ưѸ׼һţó˵ԡ
ܽоԼһ£Ƭ̣Ƹ磬ôã
û뵽ͻȻôʣԼҲ˵Ϊʲôȫһ£תͷɰͰ͵ЦشЩǣǿΪ
ʣҲҪţǣƲĻشվˡ
ϴ󣬼߳ȥԶ
ܽһıӰЩЦҲƽ

ܶݴѹܿͱˡ
ܶŵʱصعܽŸ˷٣Цķ溬һ㲻õӣܽһ㵣Ҳûˡ
ܼҵ·һŬڽˡ
ȥש߷ɾɷǳӳ֮Уոµ߷ͳ¾ɵĲݽӳ£ڴʮۡ
·һ죬ԼԺһϯݺᶼأСĲֺвٴ˶ŷ֣Ժͷʮ㡣
һʽס˼·Ϻϵƻ˸ܽһſĴ󴲣źμҾ˾˸һССױ̨ͷЩŮõ֬ͷΣ˼Ůҹ뷿ӡ
ܽϲҲˡ
ӼһһʵĻ˲Ǯ·һãܼڵڶͿˡ
ܽûȥæڼ￪ʼµĳʳ򡪡㡣
֮ǰͷĸʵ̫٣ִԵһЩĸû
ȥһӸտʵ̫æʹ뷨ҲûʵСҲȶˣһŸͱ˳


38 
ܽҪõĲ, ڼһһ졣
һ֪оµ׬Ǯĳʳ˭Ҳȥ֣ԺøСһ˽ȥæɶġ
ûƮɶ̫ζ, һȻĻڴܽһӶ, һ˶չȥؿ
һ㶹棿ŽƽƵأ
ͷǶɳ
ܽü˳һ˹һ, һҧȥ, ɴ۾ƺá
㰡һ㶼Ӳ, ŴŴġ
йӶ, ͷҲϲ
Сɶ
¿Ҫûͻƶģͷɳ
ܽԼҲһԣ¿Ŵճڼ, رóԡ
ǰϲԵĸ֮һΪصȥѧ, ζҲû
ܶϻմһȦ, ǺЦˣզô֣
϶ǺóԵ¿£"
һӹЦܽЦûͣҲ֪Ϊʲô֡
¿һݵģҿ϶׬ͷܴɩ˵
ϵͷ˵, ܽ˵ۼҿ϶ٱ, Ҫ߼۸񣬰ĿЩ˼ϡ
ܽ, ͨ˼һҲ᲻򼸴θ, 󲿷˻ĸ˼ҡһĸ, ܻű׬Ǯ
һģʹŮզ
¿һ¿ʮġ
ʮģ
һ׼Ҳˣһ¿Ҳӣɱʮңôߣ
һ˵̫ûܽЦһ£ǽ͡
ǵĸ㱾ҪЩ˼ңȻõ˼⡣ǼһҪӦһĲ࣬ϡ湩Ӧ٣ûġ
Ҳ˵ȷʵǣϵǮ̫ˣÿۼкܶ඼ǼȥǮ
˷µģһ£϶ʱЦ˻
е׬ˣ
ܴɩҲЦʮȥһݾ;׬ʮģһ˵ʮݣһĴ˰
˾֣һ˸о׻˲ͼˣ޲ھͿʼ
ǵʱͷۼҵٹҸСƲܶɩʡ
ٹһҲʲô£ʱҸľͿھˡ˵ţֿܽиɶأ
ͽܼǰɣҲùӣԺ͹һֻҪۼȥģ㻹Ǹ㣬ܼǵġ
ðʡ£
ҲЦеصͷǻͷһˡ
......
Դܼ·ԺţڼҾһֱѻ
·ʱǸܼлᣬҲǽ߿ٺ˵
ףһǲʲôģͷɥį˲١
ţӢԼҶܲܣֲ֪ЩʲôͽϵôãȻ뷨ҲǶԵġ
ţϾ׸磬ôĿĥҲ˺ܾãҵţ˵磬Ҫȥҽɡ
ţͷ˵Ļû֨
Ҳ뷨Ȼøܿ룬ҲûõȷеĴ𰸣һԼͻһϣأ
ôʵڲģܾԼĻţìԥţӢɡ
á
֪ܽţѰ˼ŶԼףԼڼͷĽ̼㡣
ʵû뵽ܶɩ⣬ѧ¿Ȼ⡣
ܴɩ͹ɿ죬һ¿ֱһͷƵƵ
ھ˽ĵʧԺܴɩʵܲˣˣҿû츳ˣⱿְװ̣˺ö档
ܽҲǿЦõĿܴɩ¿ɩȥϢһɡ
ҲҪֵģ㿴þѧĺúõģôҲã
ܶɩ¿ڸܽѾûˣζӰյĶǡôʹָܽԼҲˡ
ѧĹȷʵûоʲô谭ܴɩʧܸеرȡ
Ҹоãɩզأ
Уⶫ˵̫ĥˣһϲͷ
ϿˣԳ˵Ժϴϱæ㣬϶ϱŰɡ
ܴɩˣҲ㲻̫Ȥôոպá
ܶɩܴɩպ෴ŵĻûвͬģ뵽ܴɩĶֵĵʣɩڻôۼҵӿæء
ȺϿڣܴɩ˵ɶģҾǸвסģ㶼̨ϵĻֲҪµأû¶
ܶɩܴɩô˵뵽ԼȥڼҴһһæҲûϣ
ܴɩ˽沣֪ǸϸѰ˼ģɫԾֶ֪ˣñˣȥͷһ̥ȻҪڼҺúţҵСʱҲڼЪ˴꣬ڶǵڶ̥Ȼ¡
ܶɩ˵ﻹΣŻǵöɵչŴɩ
Ȼǵڶ̥Ҳעţϴϱܰ٣øһֱæҸţ˵ˣԺһ¸ʮģʱÿȥԼԶˡ
ϵҲϴϱڼţּһ⣬ҪҲ͸ˣĶǳʳ⣬ＸܰϵҲʵޡ
ֵĺջǮɶҲͰˣϸµĻͲС
һƤ˭ܿס
㼸ôѧҲͻͷڱɶģɶ̫á
ǸƵģҲΪѡĥϱȻ̸ȫ˵Ůˡ
ȻǣҲжȵġȥ϶ϱò׻һͷ̥ڼһҲˣϴϱûɶܻܲɣӵʱµء
˵һǧһ򣬺ϻԼıŮ
ɩϲЪЪһ˳쵽ĸŸɻ˼ҵŮҲڼææֻŮøһ̰ڵȥúϵܡ
ϴҵľȸæţĶٻؼЪЪ
⻹ɶ۵ҵģÿţȥ·öһʣ桢ɶĻʲô£ͷİ!
ϵͷϱϴϱҲ˵϶ϱãҪϴϱӸֱֱˬ
ɩİɣأ߶ܰæ
ã¡
˷ųȥϢûܽʺϡ
ųȥˣЩ˶֪ۼҪˣ绹ͷСǣһ˼ǣﺢӾͱͷæˡ
ܽЦˣȷʵǸ÷ӣԴ
ۼҵҲˣϣͿʼɡ
УҾͰӹϡ


39 
ܼǵӹ, һ˿ͷܼĸ룬֪ܼһҪˡ
һڴǰ磺ܼɣҵǸ¿ǲǽ˰
ЦŻǰҪһ𣿡
ԥһ£˵ʮһﰡ
ȷʵʮһ, öҪȰץЩ, ¿ҼһޣǴӼô, Ҳûˡȵȵ, ˿ɾ͵õˡ
һ֪ܼҶó, ôһ˵¿Ҳ˾ŷڴ, װһﳢ
ϣԵȡ
Ӻͷóһεľ壬ͷһ¿ŵģžˮľڰ̨ϣŶӵ˶ܿ
¿ֽõݸӹȥϸͷ, Ӧ͸ܼһ
ˣԱ߹ζô, ¿Ҳ˵廰, һǰһ档
ȥˣʮ־ϲظһȺ˵һͷһγԵôĸ㣬Ŵ, ȸիĶ⻹óԣ
Ⱥﲻ˴, ٺһЦְ꼴ֹ˵һ, Ȼвǰƽ
ܶк˵һŶ, һԵֵ
̧ۼмѾСģǰ, дĸϸģǴˣ
ܴɩͷƿӿһۣϼ˱ϲͷǲ٣ⶼ϶أ
ﻹǮ˶֮࣬ǰĵȷʵˡЦ
ȥٶ㣬׬ľ͸ˡ
Ҳã٣ҲԵ󡣡ܽܶɩ
뵽ͷϵˣҲ֪ǵܲչ˺öǶڼҿˡ
⺢ӸССʱһ˭ҲޣһҲ֣ſ϶Ѿ
СҲأҿֱЦһҲûҪ޵ļƣŶҲֵġ
ܽţͻȻ뵽СѾˣתͷԺ˵СҲˣСȥѧ˰ɣ
һ£ǰȷʵȥˣһʱˣ
ܴɩϣ˵ͷпȥһ£ȥǼҹȥȥȰѸ׼ĶСѧá
ܴɩʮָˣֵǮ£ÑԼĪҪǮ...
ͷҲ̧ĻٶǮҲ׬ˣѰ˼ôࡣģȥҪúöСԺȥѧҪúֶ飬ɲ񡣡
ǿ϶ģһȥһúø˵ףܻܲѧ
ܶɩЦˣҿɩǶˣۼСһҲõģżţ
ܽҲͷԼȰѧĵġ
ϣСԺгϢɡ
.....
¿ڵһ׬İģļֻ
ĳʳ๺򲢲֣Ǽ¿ʵڶЩܽǲԼĶۻ̫ˣ
ܽͼÿ춼¿ʹҲϼ
еǰͷһüߣܼҵ¿һͲ࣬˾Ȱ˸ա
ڿ˼䷢˼ִ֮ܽƳ޹ߣ涨ÿÿֻһݣ಻
ܼǵ¿ΪԭٴαֿȣÿŶ˱ĻҪ硣
ڴϣҪǿ˭ܼǵ¿۾ǶĽ
޹Ƴܼ֮˲٣̶̵ļܼ˸ǺܴΪĥƶʯĥתֶĥˮݡ
Ļƶˣȥƶܽͣ˼ĸüЪ졣
⼸죬ϸСȥѧá
һһѧãһλѧʶţΪҺڴѧãѾ˶ʮ顣
ѧһÑҪӣȻ󣬵ҲںϵԤ֮С
ϴܶ˵¡
ܼҵĺӣĸϢ˶ǶкôСҪȥȻҲҪʶĹȥȥ
ܶ˵ԥˣȥ̯һӣҪǸÑȥһ겻׸
Ÿԭܶþò׼ţںϿȲҪСȥѧõʱܶŴŹջǾ͹ѧá
᲻ǮвǮģ
ο䣬ϺܶӵϵѧýÑӸž˲裬ԺÿҪʱѧöˡ
ȥīֽʵ̫ˣҶɣ͸˵ֽ
һͨȻСӣǮʱһ۵ġ
ֽʲŹöã׬ǮĻƶӹҪͨׯ˼ңզܹӶ飿
ϺܶôǮӻȥԸĸһ֪ܶжôĲס
ÿţܼˣܸһµĺ˲
һȥѧõʱСˣûôԡܽڹ˼Ŵøѹ͹һŶ˳ԡ
ţſڹˣһܽɩӴһϸһһ·ҡҡλεĲһʱ͵
ʱʱ仹îʱ
ţܼҵ½¯ѧҲ˿ŵʱ
ԼұĵС䣬С͹ȥѧõ·
ѧҲԶ˵Ϥ·ܴ绹ǲĵںͷš
ѧóҲСôڼңͷһ뿪ܴɩôáܴɩĲУһС۸һԲãεߵſ⿴
ܶɩɩӵķӦидԺܶҪȥѧã϶Ҳһġ
ôһ죬ܴɩֱС͹źת
ЦĿɿˣߴߴ˵ԼѧýʲôѡѧʲôʲôһҲûвӦӣܴɩǰ׵һ
һలµعȥӾ͸ùˡ
ӶҪȥѧõһҲִÿ쵽ʱżһţȥ

ѧӾô뵽˽Ŀ
ͷ̫ܽÿ춼ϣ꣬κʾӶࡣ
ϳ̫µһЩܼԺӳԷ
ҲûʲôóԵģϷ˼̲ˣܶɩһ̺ӣ⹫ѼһԵ㡣
ܽһ̵ƣɳɳִſУһڣܽоԼθڿˡ
ϰԼ̵ƼиܽԵ㣬⹫صظ˲أٸ󡣡
ܽͷЦϰ߷˵ͷԵϡ
а¾׵ˣȥ̸Ķ̸ûУ
ᵽ͸ˣ֣˵𣿶̸ˣĶݼҵģʮ͹
ϵͷҹŵøͷдźӵģ˶ԤЩҲʡ
ۼϯ˺ãܴɩʡ
һһ㡢⳴ҲˣץЩҲܴһ̡
УĲҲۼҲ԰Ҳ͹ˡ
˵ûУϵԼСӣûյš
ϻ˵ˣǰһϴҲϻǸǷûϣզҲԸϯ档
ϵҲͬ⣺ӦõģϴԴж
ϲļҵģ
ӱʱǸţġ
ܽŶһǵãǸƤرӡ


40 
Ҳ˵, ʱ
˵ţϱҲҪﲻþŵʱۼûûöӭϱ, Ҳܻţȥӭ, ȥбΪǹ
ܴɩܶɩҡͷ
ﲻغǶ˵Һ͵, ܼ޵ۼĸ, ˭Ҳܴɩûⷽ, ˼ҵֺ, ҪҲô
ǰɩ˵öԡܶɩɩӣҲ˵ʲôƯĸܴɩһġ
Цϱûͷ۹Ǽ񵽱ˡ
Ķ, һӿʼܴɩ⼸쿴ýţҿţý, Ǹ˵׵ģ
, ţ˵Ӣ˵׵ġ
ܽȣӢӿʼ˵̫æһûţӢˡ
˵ˣţͿʼˡӢǸù, ˼Ҷýء˵, ӦȸѰţҲû, Ѿʲô˰ɡ
ܽͷ, ᵽţе㲻ڡԴǴԺ, ţͱֵԽԽԣҲòţֻʮΡ
ܽţӴʱȹƻ࣬ԼԹƵʱżܻΪƵɫġǶţֹ࣬ˮһֱһ츸ĸֵһ
ϾԼСʱļ䣬ʱû룬绹
֪ϲԼָо쵽ܽƤ
֮ǷǳԾ
ѹֲסԼ׵ϲãеҸߡܴܶ綼æûְ˹ϡ
Ժò˺ãϹĻںЦŸˬż󲽽ӣһƸզô㲰
΢࣬üЩƣһû˯õӣк£صû£û˯á
ôû˯أ̫
Ļ̾˿ܸܲ˵뽿İɣ
ǡ
һƽϢȻЦƸ磬һа¾Ҫˣ
ϲ
ʱһǵմմϲ˵ТҲܳء
Դָܽüģһȥġ
ٺһЦҪĿɲֹЧ
һֱͦӣŤͷеĶԹ˵ԺҳףûɶոƸһɽˡϾϱζƸ粻һס
ƣ
Ҫҳ֮˭һǹƸˡ˵ԺһӨӨңƸզ죿εӰֻһ뵽ľܡ
ۿЦһ¡
ǰɣ
ЦԤеΣհȾܣЦг˵͇NɪԺ֣ǵ
ƱùǺֱתú׶
һڡ
.....
һת۾͵׵һ졣
ܼҵĴųţصվԺӣܼҳĴ߷־̾
Ϻϵϲģ˵ȼ񣬿ϵĽһ·ͥԺ
ƹϸںͷһ̧̧ױǵĽŲ̧Ժ˳ǳһ
Ƕ˼ңͷһοôʵޡ
һϺõĲϡѡЬ棬һĵͺͲųͷױ̨ϵӡӣһǵɴ۾
ԹϣֵǮﲻϳİ
ͷżױķͷҵǶܼɵķҲǺһȡ
߷ģܼһǮ
ϲ˵ż黰ӨӽӭվڽǰЦɵܽ͹ƶԼͬתͷֱûۿ
һоͰߣֵ˰ſΧˮйͨܽ㱻ԺܵײҿһֱĹץסȻǵˤͷѪ
˵ͷûǰ
ܽû룬ƵлͼݣӸߣվںͷҲܿԱ΢΢ͷôˣԼҲЦˡ
ӨãԺľϯҲʼˡ
类ĸǴԷק˳˺ЦӨߺ
һ˰Ϳʼַƣƺĸͷ˳ǰͷ𾢡
ԼĶҲֻԼܣӹӲͷƤºȡ
ܽſվţͷһȺӷֹ򡢸æģæ岻ȥ֡
СµųȰȥԷҲûæġܽԼҲʵǰ£ͷҲҵطϢһ
ܽͷԺ
ϵƹĳ죬ҲЦŸϺѣһȫǳܽҲȥ
ţӢߵĿյӣܽһ첽߹ȥ£Ц졣
ţӢһ극Լȥһ¡
ܽ˵á
˻һͣǾǵò͵͵
ţջߣŵ̲סһԱߵĹܽĵһ۾ע⵽ˣ۵ײãüͷ
˼ӣǵս֮£ܽûöþͳ˷
ţӢߵͷĵطͣϴǸĸ˵Ҳƭ㣬Ҹġ
ܽüͷ΢壺ʲô𣿡
Щ˵֪ҲܲµҪ˵ʲôˡҼĲģԲŴӦæ㲻Ļڻȥü
ܽû
ţӢ̾˿֪ûǸ˼ҲΪҾ㻹λ˵ʡĴ롣Ȼ׸磬һվߵģʲôҶ֧㣬ֻǧҵ
ܽһԼЦˣ˵İɣû˵˵ɣҲϣ¡
ϾôĺѣܽӢ˵ĶģԼҲ⡣
Լ̧ͷͷģܲܿһӣ
ţӢ˿ĻҲ֪ԼҶȫûˣеϧضܽЦ˵ҵϣɩأڿûˡ
ܽϴŵΡ
ţͷ߹ˣţӢϹܽݺݾܾ漴ͬؿţһ̧ۣߵһȥˡ
ʲô˵ɡܽ˿̿ƽʵεĽֺץء
ţ죬˼ֺϣſ˵ϲ㡣
ͷţĹǰһ۶߬ŵ֦˲ĸҪɱһ
ţһڸʲô
ͷţ˵ܸһֱر֪ʲôʱ...
ţ˵Լĸܣһһİܽá
ͷĹƾôĶɫڳīˮһ㣬ŭ죬Ҳûа취ƭԼ


41 
ϲ
ƲסԼ, ̲סá޷ţϲţֲ˳ۣһеһжΪ
ʲôѽãͨͨˡ
ƿԼ⣬ҧҧ
ƨڼҸ, ˭˭ȥɣǲˣ
ʱȥ̡
ţѻ˵, ܽȴĻشǽźϣ
ܽ΢΢ſ, ƵĶᵽɤۡ
Բ, Ҷ㲢ûǸ˼...
һ˲ƽ
ţȻ, įصͷ
ܽЩ, ʾ֭룬˵һ
磬Ҳû˵ôãҲûôҲΪ̫˲Żִʵ㲢ϲңԺϲ˾ͻˡ
ܽҲ㲻Լ˵Щʲô, ֻŬ벻˺ţġ
ǰҲܾˣͷһξܾôС
ͷţڸԼ, ǿЦ, ʮֿɬ
վǵľܾ֪
ţӢԶԶĿˡ
̾, װµ߹ţ˵, ǻأһȥɡţͷ, ţӢܽʹ˸, ˡ
ܽǵıӰζӳµ, վԭسһ
һOϤĶܽͷƴ˳
ϴЦͷŶд֡
ܽ㵵ĿƸô⣿
Ҹųġ
ո?
ˡ
ܽЩΣЦ棬ǸղʲôϲһԻƸΪɶôģ
бܾҵȻġ

ܽ鶯û䣬Ѷսһ飺ʲô
˵ҺܿģΪҵг౻ܾˡֱ˫ۣЦü䣬ղ˵ĻԷһͨ
ܽɵסˣ̧ͷ㶵ĿŹһҲӴɵɵģǻû仰
ҲվﵭĿЦ
Ƭ̣ܽعѵصƸ˵˰ɣ
ûСƻشĸɴࡣ
ǸղźȾˣ
ûУҸղֻ˴ɽȡ
Ǿ...ܽұʲôԭֱӱƴϡ
ںںÿеӳᣬּᶨض˵ûбκԭҾϲ㡣
ܽŽߵ忡ӣڡһºˣæתͷȥ
вУ˵仰̫ˣ
Ƶĳ౾ͳܽϣѾֹһαɫԻ󣬴˿̵ֱܽҪܲסˣһֱ쵽˸Ϻһ
Ƶ͵͵ЦԼôеô
ܽЦΪǳЦԼգЩŭͷݺݵЦʲôΪɤһ˵ĻèһһûСܽЦøˡ
ŹƣҲ
ԣҲƽ
̫ͻȻܽ˿ңһʱ֪ʲôӦ
֮ǰദЩСԺһһӿ֣ҲĵЩ΢С
ܽϣʵղ˵ϲԼһ˲ǿĵģҲ㲻ǲɫǻ衣
Ƽ΢΢üºͣΪҵĻգҲͻشЩʲôֻǸҵ⣬ҲҴŲţףĶá
ҡ
ܽ΢дټǿƣһƾԼŬܼŮġ
ôţܽЦˡ
УҵҪôϵġ
........
һҹȥܽΪûô˯Ȧŵɫ
վԺˮϴһƿţͿӨͷţˮպˣҲ˳
ܽɩô˯һ
Өһɩе㲻ϰߣ΢Ц˵ԼѵˣҪˮϴܽæЪӹˮưԼҨˡ
һ½½ĶˣϽʱ򿴵ӨҲһ£ϱզ磬ٶ˯һϢϢ
ϻлӨ֪΢΢˯ˣϢˡ
ϵͷܴӷź׼緹ܴɩȥ˷Өͷж磬ͷ
һΧǰԷӨǿпʼšͷһţܼҵһлʮİ¸ĵһٲ跹Ҳ֪ϲϹθڣϻûأһϰµֱġ
ӵϱ֣Ժ˵ӨӨٲ跹զ
ҲˣڹŽ̲ˣһʱûô£һˡ
ۼӨģϰϱͦãͷҲۼĲ٣ҳζҲ
Ө˿ϵۼҲЩûõĹأҲûʲôҪãһҪסǼҵ˶һĵģȻѾ޽ˣԺͲЩ˼ۼ˶Ǻദģʱһ֪ˡ
ӨæͷЩﶼãҲ̵ġ
øյۼһ֪Ǹֱˬӣƽ˵ǿ˿ԺҪɶűŤˣÿɲøӣֱӸ˵ˡ
ҲһԺл˵øҿ
Өǵ⣬ָжԼǼ޶˼ңæ˵λɩˣҲҪô˵أûʲôͣ֯»˳֣ԺۼҪĻƣλɩӿǧҪҿŸ
˵ܶɩͱܶСֽӨлǶ·ģرллˡ
ӨЦºͣһ¿ɰܶоԼֱһ£ʱ΢죬͵͵Ļšһ¡
ܽԼڵϵĿӣװʲôûп
ϿŮȦ࣬ĵû˯ðԺͷ̫˲
ܽݱȽ磬ɢӨŅ̀ͷܽæ֣˸ɣǲǣţΪ
ȥҵ㰬ҶѬһѬͺˡ
ܽϹԹԵصͷ
ԺﻹһƬңʲôУϯϵĲ˳˸ܴúߵģвٶ
극ˣϰѺòܶɩӨܶ廹дｻõ˼ȥҲϸ졣
ӨܶɩȥˣϴܴǴɨͥԺܽϻﲹ
ܽڴţɵ۾˯š˿ţţԴﶼǹƵǷ
ʵҲǲԼ⣬ֻԼԹƵϲͣƤϡһԺиÿ˳֣ѲɻҪ˼Ǩ
ԣڸ֮ǰܽѻ˵ôԡ
ɣֲżˡ
......
л˵
ţࣺҿ
ƣЦ
ܽ˨q


42 
ܽӨ¿, Өǰ֪ԼԺ϶Ҫæ⣬׼һ̵Ҳ̫æҡ
ѧһӨȻûܶɩ, Ҳܴɩǿ, ǵܴɩһԳ̾Լû츳
ۿҲ, ܽ԰ժ˼, ĭӡ͹ƽԺ, øӭײϡ
, Ҹղź͹Ƹһ׽˼ֻӻҪҾԷ԰ɣ
ܽ͹ƶӣһ˿վǴЦ
ƾƵıô׽ֻӻҪæǱĿġ
ܽᳶǣӦһ, ת׷ֱȥ˲ջ, ϵظ˵, ʲô
ɶ֪ӸܴǴԼŹƵһɽﻹӶࡣ
ûöò˾ͳ, һԺԷͷм, øɺγͨͨģһ֪
˿Ⳣһ, , ˬ, ䷹θϽкŹҲԡ
ܽԼ类˻֪Ǹɵ̾˿ּһ⵽Ƹ糢ҵô
һֱûôӣ̫ܳԲˣתͷԼüȻǹġ
ǽеĲˡ
ƿͨͨԥͳˣͷȸУŻһ
ܽղŸƼв˵ľٶȻеͻȻһ˵ҲûôϻԼˣĸƼ⣬ԵܿͶѳСɽ
ܽ
׺Ǻģſӵֽһ£ͷһһİ˸ɾ
ϿҲˣѰ˼ղǾн˼ԼУֻҪԣһܽæˡ
ùƸԼ԰ɡ
ѾоԼĴڣûʲôӦʵѾˡ
Ů֣кԼԲþ
ƽӲؼһĨЦӴڴڳ׷ѹܽ׽Ūһ£ڿҲ˼ˣϽõǰͷ׷Խ
Ѿˣľٶֿ˻޲ðһⶼˡ
극뿪ˣܽʰĻصӣͻȻױ̨϶һ
ܽһ£ͷϤĻ㣬һ˵ζζҲ̱ǣܽ򿪿ͷŵһѲҩҲϵʲô
ãȻʱɻ󣺡ǹƸģҸ˵˯ã֪֪ɶ÷ӣ˵ͷһЩóĲҩƽžͲӶˡ
˵꣬޸пԼĻǲְƸôģ
ûǮͷĴţҲ˯þ
ȥˣܽû
........
ܼҵĸĻȣгĳ̶ȡӨļ룬¿ĹӦ֮ǰ˲٣ֻҪĿ˴󲿷ֶ򵽡
ܼǵĿÿųɳ츣ԱĲ
һ¿ڲ㱭ҸλԼŸŲ裬Ȥ£գ
ôҲԽĺãǰ˲ΰʣæµ̶ȸʱһƴ
˻ˣ֮׬ôǮΪܼңؼҸһ£ܼҽһġ
Ȼ⣬Ǯٻȥһһ㣬С⣬һܻܸŮðһȹأ
ŶⶼӪϵģӶ԰ܶ̾˿ؼҷȥڴ˯š
ҹģܶ屻ˣͷզˡܶһݣܶ˵㿴ҵãҹÿҲ׬߰ģһٸǸ߷ǮˡۼңȻ˶Ե⣬һ굽ͷׯҲܸӡ
⻰񲻶ζ֪ܶܶˣ˵⻰ָɶ뷨ˣզģ
ܶͻȻ˾һ̾͸ܶͷи뷨˵ҽզ
ܶü֪ܶզѰ˼ͷȥˡ
ܶ˷ܵصͷԣǶ˵ˣĶĻóԣԺҪǿ˶϶򡣡
ܶĶǺãܶҲ֪ﻹǾЩףôû˵ͽ˵ҪԺæׯզ죿
ܶòУҡͷ˵תҪ˯ܶżˣһܶק˵ţ
ܶզ˵
֪ܶɶզأۼӽʮˣѲɻȢϱۼҹѧöһҪӣԺҪǿƿǮ춼ۼҲż䷿Ժ˿ڶˣ˵߷éܵ𼸼ɣ
ܶ岻֨ˣܶɩ˵Ƕԡ
ݵļױ͹ÑѾۼҵǮˣٿ̯ׯǻܶã󷿵Ĵ硢ɩǣۼҶԵ⣬ۼ˲ǮǵüǵãԼҲҪѲɻҪһӵŴչ𣿡
ܶ˵ܶĿϣֻܵܵմҵĹ⣬ǼҵĹһҲûմϡ
ˣܸɶ𣿡ܶ屻˵˴룬뵽ǵĵܶ
ϻ˵ϻ·п࣬Ŵĥ
ǰܶĥƶԾˣҪǽ𶹸ÿҹæ׳һܵˣܶһ̵զܸɶأ
ܶһ֣ɶ˾û³Կһ飺ɶģһʮ꣬ûɲ͡˵ɩһ꣬Ҳżͷ̰ڵ׬ǮûҲܸɡۼ˨ӡӶܸɻǾˣ۲ʲô
ô˵ˣֻܶܵͷͬ⽨
ܶ¿ɼˣҲ˯ˣڴϾ˼ô
һҹȥڶ磬ϵһҾ͵֪ܶҪ顣
һȻЩ⣬ľٶҲʮ֧֡
֪ˣͷҲˣܶԺ˰졣
˸ˣҼһ˭ҲԵ㶹ĶһֻҪˣ϶ٲ򡣡
ҲôġԴӰ̯׬ǮԽ˾Ͳһӹ⿿ڵͷʳҪȻҲûʲôɩҲ֪ûʲôգⶹĻ㲻Ѱ˼żȻһóҾ͸Ǹ׬Ǯķӡ
ͬĻͷܶصţ϶ҲֹǸţʲôѴˣ
ܶ˼Ҳֱ˵ˣȷʵеѴҽҲܴɩǮ
ˣ⽨ɲûǮܶͷҲ֪Ҳʲô£Ҫ٣
͹ˣǰһݼ˺͹Ñե˼ǮҲܴճһӣʵǴղˣòɩڡ


43 
Ȼǰһϲƻ˵Ǯ, ӺﻹеģҲһڴӦܶһֵܣʱܰȻûв
֪ܶܽ裬ʱ˿̿۾գľʹӦ, ﻹǸжһͿʵҲԥ, ǮʱζҲܣ󷿰ô, òҪԼɶ, û˵ôմ, ô󷿽Ǯ, ܶԼ߯
ϰǮø֣ܶµˣ¶Ҫ¡
˼䣬ܶŴ԰ܽҪȥٸָָܽԼҲ˵ԼҲûɶָܸģѾúܺˡܶ, ǾֻܽܽܿЦõĸؼˡ
һ·ܽܶŽ, û˵, ˵䡣ܶⶹȥЩ¥ݻ߸˼̸̸⣬ĵطÿ춼ҪòٶˣʱʱĹӦ, ÿҲһʹ̶⡣, ¿Ҳܷøŵȥ, ͵ţתҲ...
ܶ, һֶ¡
·Ȫſ, Ժͷɹ·ϱǴк
ܽӦһͷιӳ͵˸ۡܶһϱӦתͷ˲ʵˣϻǼͰЦ
ǰıٶܽ̾ΪֹĵӿǱסˣ¶ϱµĽ
ϱջĿ⣬˵˼䣬ܶܽˡ
ᵽңܶܽ˼䣬˵ԴϱԺҵҲˣ˼ǰЩӻץл󶼱ȥ˹
Ů˺
ܽ
......
ܶĶúܺãܽҲûɶæܽĶο϶ܶˣ׬Ǯһݣ˽
ϵȥ֣ܶڴ˼˰æûöþͰѶˡ죬ܶæһ˶ٷȼļⶹʽͶʹá
ܶĵһܽܵģһʴӡ
֣ƹɻƹܶ˰˰Ǯÿ춼ζ¥һ嶹¸µǵʱ
ζ¥һҪòٶ˭Ķ֣ƹҲԸܽ顣
ܶϲ÷ǳܽл֮˸ɾʮġ
ܶۼǮȥһн˾ˡܶҲǣ֮ǰۼǮȥһн˾ˣÿܶĥ
ܶѶһ̯Լֳȥ˲ٳڹӦ⣬еݱ
ܼˣԭȾǴڣôһҲĶȥ
˶Ǹֲ˼ҵӹúá
ܽûٹעܶҵ£һ˼ڿԼ¡
ԴϴθܼҳԹԺ󣬹ƸľöܼеʱӣеʱҰ˵ǵ粼õ岶ģæ͹
صذûһˣǾԷܼҵĴҲͶˡ
զץƴܼ˻֮ǰֹͣš
ܽΪͣˣĳɰҹá
ܽ˯ǳһе㶯ѣԵĴߵʱ۾˹Ժƿһʲô˶ûУֻд̨Ϸһ⸬
ܽ˯ɢ˼֣⸬˲֪ǹˡ
ǰڷ˵˵⸬óԣƵʱһңҲû͸ͳĴǰ
ÿ춼ݣ͵ĶҲ廨ţһδҹĻڵռƲܾÿ¶ܣҲӰܽ뻹ûػ
դΪÿôĽܼңܽʶԼСԺİȫϵǲߣҪС͵淢ֲˡ
ܽ£ֻһԺ뷨ϾҲԣڶȥμҴǱһֻСڹ
СڹǺμҴ֮ǰæģһֻһСĸСڹڻСûʲôѾʮ첻⡣
ܼ˾ͽСڣڲַԱߴ˸ѣƽҲ˩Ժܡ
СڶܼԺˣͿʼԼְֻҪܼһʹУ·ܽʮֵ
ܽص뿴ƻôϢǱܼҡ
ҹ
ܽȴãҹǱˡ
Ժһ㹷ûУܽٸ֣ԼСôһ㷴ӦûУƿ̨Ϸһӣƻˡ
ЬСڵһܽʱ̿
СڵͱýģСצʹİϵĲŪȥʪС۾Ͱ͵Ŀڸ˵Լжί
ܽˣϽֽ⿪õСڵҲû¶ӡӣԵضҡβ;ͳԼķ롣
ܽչȥһЦˡ
֪Լòͷ
Сõúܡ
.....
ʱһգ۾͵ĩͷׯѾˣҪæΪ׼
Ŀ죬ʱһ˾ʹ˺ʵѡ챾ѰϵŽ궬궼䣬ٶ࿳ľš
ҲôģЯҴɽȥҲر࣬ҼҶǼ
ɽϵĲ֦޵ģܼҾϵܴ硢ܶ˿ʮֳԿѰ˼һ£Ѽͣһ죬ܴɩܶһȫɽ
ϵŸͷľͷܽͺǾɽϼ֦Ϊܶ㣬һ˷ֿжӾɢˡ
󲻹ɽܽ־ɹӣҲͷĵԼȥˡ
ɽϿľ࣬ϵ֦رҡܽۿǰΪһС֦ĭԼ֦ĬĬ뿪Ƿ֮ء
̫ˣǻһɡ
ܽͷ棬ûע⵽ԱߵԽԽ٣źûˣƵ̧ͷԼɽԵˡ
ɽͷظ֦û˼ܽŲһ٣ԼռļС֦ߡ
ԼмＸ֪ģطȥãٶĸ֦ҲҪ
ܽתߣŸȥ˾ɵˣվԭһҶ
ڴ˿̣һͷܽǰ涢޵ıĿܽؿҴ
ͷ֪ˣβڵһ£վ
ܽǰڶ԰￴ıͽ׳¶ǽʵļ⣬צڵ£ּ̳
ʣɱܽһֻô򵥣ңҲˡ
ʼƶΧܽתȦ¿ڡ
ûʱ᲻£ޣʱ֮ɫĴڣͨ³ֻһ֣ܽҲ⡣
򲻹ܲûκܰҲûκԾȵķ
ܽôԼԾ˹ӭѪζŴͲ̵ͷܽһƬհס


44 
һ֧ʸƿն, ݺݵ˻۾ʹһȥ쳹ɽˡ
סܽ, оԼ඼ͣ, Ź̲סû¡ܽع߬·, ûͿǻֶ˹, ͫ׷Ŵ, һж˲Ϣ֮䡣
ƴܽһ, 󱳲ɱرץˣ˿û⣬ԴǸղŻܽĻ棬ŭսתһ
һʹȫʸӻವһ´, ֱӾ͹ᴩԴֻҡ, һûϢ
ҳ, Ʋܱģ۾ǵǺ͹ģֻ˵ͷ
ܽһ, ֿ, ǻһΪ⾪յĳ, ΪǰĹơ
֪, һ, ǳ׵ˡ
ƿؿԼ֨ΪŻǣʱżҪɽȥҽݡ
ܽס촽Ƹ磬ҴӦˡ
ûףʲô
ϲңҴӦˡ
ƳĬһ룬˼ϲתͷ˵һĻѾ˼ֱĵҪȥˡ
ܽЦ˶ӣü䡣
ƻ˵ЩʲôܽջߣĿ˿üһӦþͻ㲻ҪҶˣɽϾȥҽݡ
С˹ȻǲģȻ˵ˣ϶ʵܽͷ˵á
ܽЦ£ߴ˺Ǵ͸ʵغ
ܽӦ
ԱߴһŲϵҵˡ
ϿŵĻʬ壬һ˹ȥӨܶɩǿ嵽ܽ߿ϿżҵĽûа
һ˶Żˣ˿̵ʮּܽϽǣ˵лǻȥ˵͹ƸȥҽݣΪ˾ұץˣ
ϸϵյƺͷһһצӡƤⶼץЩѶѪȾˡ
ϰѽһָ̧ϽɽȥҽݣƲؿܽһ֣Ҳû米˸ˡ
ʣµ˿Աߵıʬ廹Ǹоľսģྪδ뵽ܽղΣվ̲סŵһµ
ղɽϵһȫѾɽܣҲ;۵һһͷΨҲ궼Ŷˡ
ܽǺһ󰲸ϵҲԺϵɽɣ⻹һȫأ
ϷӦͷ˵ãܽվоСһۣһҲǺóһץۡӦǱеһʱצץģץĵǲǿˡ
ԼɣܼǲڹƵˣϻŵܴ米ܽȥ׷磬ܽôֶûá
ܴ米ɽܣûãƺܽҽٴˡ
Ƶ˿ѾˣϢˣһӾվ߽ŵĿ
ôˣ
û£ϱץһ¡
ƿ˿εĿܽܲ˱ӣϽȥһϢԼĸҩ
ĸ֪ȥﵣģһؼҿҲˡԼСõ˿ڣĸѹˡ
ƸЩ˿ڲҪմˮȥԴúϢץҩҪʱ˼ǵٹץ˵ſ磺СõҲܺӣעĶƸһ
ȫˣѾˣҽݲסˣĸȥţţԶԶ˲Żȥ
ڼżȹϵһһɽ͸飬Ȼ۶ӣҲ˵ĲԣϾ˭ҲĿŽӳˣͷֻζ˵ĲҪ̫ء
ƽԺˣŹɫãҲЦϰµĲŶ
ָΣ̾˿ʲôû˵
ĸ˵Ļתȫһһ¡ɫùץϢԼ
ϸ˷ˣһٷԵ̵ģв˵ʱЦֵˡ
˻ôˣӰɣ
ûô࣬극ľϢ
Ž콿˵ĻǵЦôҲѹƲȥ֪ܸһȥұץǧٴˡ
......
һҹȥڶ˶֪¡޺Żǣһ˵ɽıܳˣһʱ˭Ҳɽ
ֵɽͷ̧ȥ˹˼ңȻ֪Ƥľ飬֪϶ҲǼֵƣǮɲܰװ׵ؾˡ
Ƕ̧ԺӣҲˡ
֪ÿҶżҲ񣬹Ƹǿɽ붬޶ֻֻǸ⣬֮ǰϲɽԵϻƣѾһӣҪȻʱҲֵܳôʱˣͲúˡ
ƵıȻö˵ĻܼҲš
ڶ͸ϵɽܶһҲţȻЩ£ҲüҪȻɶ
ͷ˹˼죬Ҳûɶ½Ҳֻصɽˡ
ܽ͹ƶԱ˼˺֮ǰʲô
϶Թָмڼ䣬ɱ÷Ϻ͹ƶ˼ˣЩյˡϾһͻͣ˼ұϾԼŮˣʳҲʲô
ܽͷڼţÿҲ׼Զ
һ죬ţӢܽڴ϶ŷ͸ˤŤʱûʲôֻܽϴΣնˡ
˵ôô˳ҪҪȥҸʲôϵʿһ㣬ǲʲô
ôͻȻЩˣ
̫ùҾЩ˵ô
ܽЦˣаɣҾҲûôùҲôС¡ܽ˵ģ㶨ˣ
ţӢټĺܽҲûʲô˼˵ģˣ꣬ǰЩӸչƸ񡣡
ܽǰ̫æַ£ŴӼ֪ġţţӢҵ¿϶ܲɬӦԼҲʮ⣬ֱʾϲ
ǳ¼ҴģҶͬ꣬ͷز٣ӹҲǸֱϸɵ....
һûܽţӢһӵĻڶܽһȫ˳ܽţʱʱͷӦ
ţӢ˵Լ¾˵£Ҳ̸ԼҶ˵׵¡
ûܽ˵֮࿴¾Ϊ⿴ķӦپڱܾľѳֿۣʼ࿴¡
ţӢ£ֵʵҶ統Ҳ˺һģ˸ɻﲻԼĪԼ뿪˰ɣ߳˼ţ˵Ҳûͬ⡣
ԴԺܽҲţ༸ΣȻʱţɫǲ̫ȻҲûܽĴк
һ˵뿪˵ףܽǸˣȻõģϣҵĹһźס


45 
ţӢ˻, Ҫȥļױܶнӽһ׼ʱ䣬ҪˣƽֻҪпеʱҪױ, Ҳǳʱġ
ܽ˵Ҫȥױɸ̾ʱ, ӢҲҪˡ
ܽ΢΢һЦ
˭һ졣

Ƶ˺õر, ڶȥҽݼʱѾ, ϴź, ˵ǲһ
ƿϴͷͬи˻, Щһֱڼ˶ûʹסˡ
Ӵ·ȥܼҡ
ܽҲˣǳǳһ̣ϿֱҡͷۣԴ˵ΪȻ, ·һʲô⡣
ƹʱ컢ͷЬñ, Ǹܴɩĺ׼ġ, ܴɩĶҲ£ҪӭһСԱĽ٣ҲȫԱж, šѡɹС, һûš
ϵںԺ⣬ǰԺһʱûˡ
ƾվڴǰ, ܽЦһ, ˿ڻָô, ƻ˵ȫˣе죬üʣ𣿡
У֮ǰöˡ
ǰéݵĶѰģд̹ǵ粻֪Ķܽ˯ѡڸ·ǽںʵ˿Ϸ죬ůЧ֮ǰǿˡ
֮ǰĲеӣ϶ҲܣĬĬļס¡
Ƹ˻Ҫϸòܳûȫ֮ǰҪˡܽҲŸպãƵ˱ôôܺȫһ֪û˵ʵ
ĹЦˣʵػش˵һҾͻȥٳ
ܽĵͷ
ˣ춫ǵõ͵ƣȻۡ
̧ܽۿһͷĴ̫ĵĻ
ߣܽ룬תͷ˵Ƹ磬ҪТ꣬ǵ黹ǲҪ֪ˡ
һ٣ʶ˵ӿֳĻ⣬ֱѵԼʹһ٣ԼӲľôּ꣬
һƽ飬ش˵á
ܽЦЦͷ߼죬º͵Ŀţ˵ʮĴɤţƸզˣ˿ں𣿡
裬ƴͷ˽ĵ
ҹôˣҵѾõĲˡһĵ
һȥϢлĺ⣬˼ˣپôҲãܽһۣƸǾͻȥˡ
ڴϣﻹŸմܶȡĶ֮ǰñŹƵıӰܽ˵ƸĹĲңҪ֪һ㣬ҶҪ뵱ۼŮˡ
ܽ
ûһֿ뷨
û⣬ܽĶô˶
ģ˵˲٣ûͰײһųԡ
ܽͷﻹһ⣬Ϸһˡ

ܴɩöƤ׹ĸоһ̥ǿˣҵŸһ˵ʰ׼ĶŽȥҲǰкˡ
ܴɩԤϵڵڶͽ˶ۡ
׼ܼҲûңʲôʲôһоĽСܶɩӨˮܽͰչܶ
ܶѾСܽѹһ࣬һιܶ޲ֹԹ죬ֶĶ
ܴɩĶûеܶɩĴǵڶ̥ʮ˳ڽŽȥûãͷʹ˺ӵ
ӤĿܶĶһͣСԴת⣬۾һգգĶԴͷ
Ҳ
ܽЦ£Ϻʵѱߵͷ
ղź޵ûôܴһӵӵ岻᲻ðɣ
ǣСүŵĿŸճĽšŰǵģЦǺǵĸܴ红Ӻܽأһ׾СѾͷ
ֻܴˣҪһŮŮ˫ȫ
ܽںͷҲر𼤶⻹ܼﱲĵһŮҲĵһֶŮôõֶӣҲֶܴŮˣ
ǶˣϸϵҲֺǣûŮһ˼룬кŮ˵ŮǶϲ
ϰǮţ˵˼伪ˡӷȥ紵ˣܽûżȥɩֶŮֻͷϲ
ҲԷʱ򣬺ȸϱ˷ˣܴ￴ӣһҲӳԷ
СԸԳãڵҡЦġԴѧöԺ󣬷ӽ̵ҪƽڼҾͲǰôĴôʵ˼ˡ
ϸһ⣬СҲˣҲ˯þһʰԺͰᵽȥסɣ
СڶҲСˣٸһסвĵطϵڸǷӵʱ£ܽǼ䷿˵ķͷݣԺǳ˷ֿס
СԥˣûԼһס
Сô˲ỹԼסɣ缤
£ԼסСȻϵ;ֿס
ЦеģҲӨЦּ˿⵽ͻȻ;йӳӵζüͷһһ˳
һֿĵզˣǺˣ
ӨҡͷûУеȡ
ܶɩһ㶣ģĽƬȥýͺյģզζأ
⻹ûȥ˽ɻ󣺡ⳢŻаûɶζ
ӨҡҡͷҲ֪Ϊɶһմ֭⣬ػûӨ죬ǿˡ
ⷴӦɰһӵվߵͷı
һ۾Ϳˣϲüɫģ˵
Өһ뾪г
ôԣϲǰ˾Ųʮ£ܶɩӨ˵ԼҲµƫͷСµûС
ӨͷһӣԼµŵȷЩӣһ׼
ʶӨϲʤԱһֱ۲ı飬˸ǻϲ
ȥҽϻҪҹ·ȥκӨһ̶ȣ˵ҽһ˺ϵ׼˵ȥˡ
ӨŲ¾˺ϢʵϾϲ
뱧ѣ˺þҲӭСһԴȥ꿪ʼ⣬ܽϴεտ˳ģҲһϾûԸԼȵˣ
ӨϲܽҲˣﰵɩӼֱһһһַϢܼҵϲ¾ûͣ
ǵڶ˼ӨϲϢǺˣϴСĶզ¡
ЦЩĸõģﻶϲľҴô
֪ˣЦŻȻ˾šϱ̥£ͷͱˣæŵɻúõİ̥ȡ
ûµԺҾճŶɩ㣬Ҳ۲ˡ
£ͬˣҲУԺ㣬ȥͱˡ
ӨͷӦݡ


46 
ܽſԼСֶŮ, Ƥر׾ܴĺƤһγǿҵķܴɩҲûôס
ܴɩԼЦأ˵ԼҹŮİƤС, ŮҲǸ, ֪ԼǸѾͷصܼƯȥ˵Ժ, Сá
ܽϴЦ, ȲϣֶŮ쳤, ÿ
ܴ翴Ű۵ĹŮ, ôҲСһӲģøŮ֡ԥ˺þãܴɩ˴磬ֳȫҵһº
ܴɩӡɩ̥һʱܽͺϼڵʮæµ, ÿ絽﷢ͷǳ̬żڳطҺ, һȼһ졣Ųͣ, ܽоԼ˲١
Ȼ˵࣬һ˿Ǯһͭ壬Ҳæ, Ͼ׬Ǯ
Ѿ¸, ιһμ˵ףͷ, ܽϢ, ԼȥκҪõۡ
ð, ﲻ仹ЩȣܽŴ򿪸ͨ磬ƼʯͷվСӱߡ
ܽкʯͷɿﱧŵ
ϻ˵ģ·Ҳ˼ʵ޾ᣬէһȷʵеؤ
ܽøɾĲʪִһСʯͷܼѾˣ֪ܽãЦͷ̻ʵĳĹ֭һ֡
ʯͷҲаˣΪӪֻӣܽ߰·ϵƶʯ̵ĲЩ𣿡
ʯͷڣͷö̶µ·أ
ܽЦˣǿǺ˲٣ҩ𣿡
أҵһӣ˺öҩأʯͷᵽ죬ЩǮöҩˣ
ܽһ£ӻûٻ
Ҿڶֵĵ̻ģүү˺ܺòƭңҩҲģ֪ĸ
ʯͷܴ֪˿ܻƭЩ˲ᣬõӵһʱȥǮҩͲǮ
ܽĴ߰ǵù㣬ʯͷ죬㣬ҶѾҺЩǮˡ
ЩÿζúöͭһǮûã㻹Ǹԣһ׬˺öǮ
ʯͷСԵĶֲ࣬ôܻԺܶǮأͷĵɡ
ܽСԴʯͷЦˣǰͻȻؼ٣ǵһ󾪺
̽ͷȥ˺ֱײ˽ֱ̯ӣ˶㱻ǵڽ£һ·ɿصķȥˡ
ܽ΢üôҲ̤
ƬΣһӹٲִܼǰܹȥ׷ǰˡ
ֱܽҡͷǲ׷ˣô׷˼ĸӣ
ֵϵ˶Ըղ۷׷ףܽصû̫¡Źȥһʱźϸ绹ûܽе㵣ˡ
Ӷ԰ܶ˨øŶܽǰæһӣҪȥҺǡ
ʯͷС֪طǰͷ·
˵̷ֺǲû⣬תͷȥ̣ûؿһܾӡ
ܽûˣȥǸûмϺ硣ܼ棬ƿһϳ˵͡硭硭
ƿڳԵ̫ˣܽüͷĸŶ˵һ䣺١١ˣ
ҧ˵˼֣ܽɴ˫ۣٲˣ
ǻƵ˸ͷܽ飬ղǿڳߵϰ﷢ʲô¡
ׯǱŵĿڳˣղ··̰εͳһСȥǳ־գۿҪˣһץǸӣ˲һٲϹ˼ûɹһƨܣСŵֱޣٲͰ͸Сȫˡ
ܽףǺ£ôܱٲˣ
еֵϰͷ߳ĸԭһµʱ¼رȻǼ˰ε˺ķ󿪴ϣӢޱȣܽҲĻص㡣
ǺӴŻأҲˣӦǳŵζױģߺһ˹׷أ
̵ױζһ߽ŵζСӵȷ
͸𣿡
ϰڰ֣ûûУء
ܽˣӦûʲô¡ϰݳлͷȥˡ
ʯͷ֪ǱʲôȽϰȫ
ϰûݹԵ·ٱһ飬ϰһͿԼŲȰʸ߾֣ɫһھͺ棬ϰԲԲϺٺһЦ˵˾䲻ˣֽȥˡ
ܽһ·߳һյŸǰͿϺˡϽܹȥ˳üۡ㶵Ķʱܽһզˡ
Ѹղ˵ĸ˵һ顭ϿһۣظĻСɼΡжţΪۣîʱű

ⲻǴܽЦտ˼統ٲˡ
ǰڻ񣬺ݺᣬץס磬ˣ
ǿǹٲѲֲˣǸŰ´Ǯܸ°ճʳ˰˰
缤ĵͷҲ벻һ죬Ǿȸ˾Ȼ͵˹ٲ
ĸӶ˺һ̾˺þòƽ
ҲǸˣͷ˵ȵǸӷǸ󣬺еݣҲԭſ˹ٲ
ܽϰĻҲظһ飬ϵͷ
ʲôԭⶼۼҽһϲ£Ҫúףһ٣
ܽͬ⡣
ϰǮȥۣܽȥɨ̣СһɢѧĸţλεĻ˼ҡ
Ժһ˿ǴһѶȫˡ
զôණ
ϰŽһ˵Ĭһ룬һ˻ȸԾſ˯Сڶ
ϵһĵúúãӨϲڻﰲο
ϵ汲ũ񣬴ûŵĹְԱйʲôϵȻٲֻССۣҲׯںңɼġ
ܴ缸˵ظ˵ĸ첲ϲ
ܽܶϴӨܶɩ׼һòˡ
ϵܴȥܶ壬ϲ£ȻҲܶһҹͬϲһٶϲ½٣ϵͺϾ̹ܻһˣ
ܼҵȼƻﻶЦ൱֣ܶΧȾŴЦ
ͷСҲܵϲãűζҰãƵĳԼĽͷ


47 
ڶԾɸţ, ܼÿߵ絽Ҳîʱңõĳٵ
һ·ϿҲе㵣ġ
˵طˮϹٲ۸˵Ҳǳз, ǼׯҲûɽ, ֪᲻۸
Ѱ˼ţֻܸ˵Ӧ˳
ܽԼ, ǹƾӡһ, ٲҲ۸硣˵ͷ˸, һҲ, ˭Ҳô۹ֵġ
˳ʱ˽ĸ㣬ڵüͷܽΪڵ硣
ûµģͷİɡ
ҡҡͷĸ£˵ڰʦѧҽʦţôʮ, ܼܲŰɣ
ũдýڣ˼Ҷ˺Ϣ, ܶҵӺ͸ţҵţҲüĿ, ĸͬ꣬ٲ˵ɾ˼Һͷ
ҽҲںϸǰ˵ҲѾ, ڻϴ, »˵Ҫô졣
ȥҽݸϴģ࿴, ܵи׼, Ȼ߲ٸĸ絢ˡ
ܽͷ
һôȥ, õʱСɢѧʱ࣬һǰһĽӡ
ǴкȥܶܶĽƽҪŴĶƳҲˣҲѧһţͣÿ͸Լһˡ
ܶˣһľЦ˵һжá
ԭΪȺٲл˼û뵽һûУΪֲҶѧ֡
ͺðȻܵ㡣Ȼ˼ҶƣҲҪúõĸദţէʲôҲǵȥ˼ңǧ¡
Ҫ¿ɲƽڼңҪӵġ
綼ףЦ˵Ҷ֪ġʵͷҲƽճģһѲֵĲܴģ˺ܺöҲչˡ
ôһͷˣҲʰһؼ˻˼ҡ

ûʹŹٲ·˿һΪ˭ҷ¹ٲץˣֱ߽˲ſ硣
ǼϢ£
統Ϲٲڴﴫˣ۵ңĥ˹ٲҲǺһ׮Ժ＾˰ôҲиʶˣ
Ժ˵鷳磬˶ܼ̬ԽǶҺϺܼɩп峤Ҳû¾ϵġ
һʱֵܼĺܣ˲Ͷһѽõ˼ҡ
ǵĿҲû˵˵ȥҲֻǸٲдҲﲻˣͷеǹѹţɶ
˶ӣҲûɶæġҲǽ˰ʱôһţܰͰׯں˭֪˭Ŀࣿ
˵˳ϵ˾ͰЩĻҲȥˡ
ЦȪ˵Դ֪˹ٲȪŶܼͷڼʡ
Цˣأ
ȥ죬յܶţҵĺϢӺţ¶ˡ
˵ľţһ˼ңŮϻĺܣھżҵĴŮŽ𻨡⺢ҲǺҲ˽⣬־ò˵ر󣬰صĴһܸɵĺܡ
ţ˵˼ңҲţ˵һ죬ԷҴһ˹浾Ҳ֪֪׵ĺӡ
˵Ķ˫ر⡣
ĸ£ϵ֮ǰȥҽϴĹˡϴû£ϵһֱţʱһкʵ˼Ҿ͸ǡ
ýΪýǮæϴæȴϣĸãʶҲ࣬˼ȻһҲõģڼﾲϴϢͺá

ʼѩŽ䣬ⳡѩȥ껹Ҫĸûþڵһ㡣
ѩɱѾǹϵϰף˴¶⼸ѩַĹϵӡ
ܼҽͷ˺ͷ˵Ļܶһ󣬲˵ÿֵܵĲҽУӦҲԲȥɣ
ܽ˼ϺܶɩǳѩʱˡȰżѩЪһ죬ϧûһ˴Ӧӵܴɩڼ￴磬Լȥˡ
ϵˣܽ˯ˣԱ߰ƻܶվСһһͰԣϡ϶⣬ƽضжʮˡ
߽ܽӨǳƶ¿ܽæӨæܾ
ԼСúòЪһ컹ҪӣȥùЩ
ܽԥܶͻȻǺһ£ܽıСһûɶ£Ĺµ·ǣֻܻȥˡ
ܶ·ܽڴ档ͷӨ͹˵ƿһۡ
ưһӨ̽ͷ˹ǰһܽæмûˡ
ô⣿
ûģżȥһɱⲻ㣬·Ͱûˡ
ܽͷӦǽɱ˼Ҹġ
ܶվߵ߿ͷĹƣС˲ŵһζؿŹơ
ƿ˲Цˣӻóһ۽ܶĶƶߡ
ư۽ܽܽסЩҲҪǮɣƸ´βҪˡ
ûУֻЩ첻ֵʲôǮ
ٲֵǮҲҪǮƸ绹Ǳˡ
ܽùϻ̫ǮȻ´󣬵ǮðΣ׬ģҲܲ˶٣ôһֱȥôأ
Ʋ֪ܽڵûǮ⣬ͷеѹԽã㶫ʲôҪǹڵøĶˡҪܾҪˡ
˵û̧ܽۿüͷһ˫۾ί񵱳СһʪĿţرѹӡ
ܽоԼڱһίĴ󹷹ţʵ벻ı飬ܲˣȿתȥͷ
УͰͰɡ
Ҫ
ϲƼգﴽЦ
ҪȥˣЩʱջزڼﷲ¶СģҲҪ̫͡
ܽůһ£Ҳǣ·עⰲȫ⼸ԼĪѩЬҪԴŻ̵ĳһȥ
Щƶһһȥˡ
֮ǰĻƤѾƺ˼ڻ㣬պһӣҲˡ
ܽ£ƤӦǮɣֵǮĶôܾˣ
ֵǮҲƤӣܸ㴩ļֵ
˵ϣܽ
û˵ܽоһתͷһһЦ˳Ҳ̿Цˡ
ܶʵ̫ˣվһĿ۽˲֪ãҲˮ˿ϡ
ܽϽ򿪴һҸɸԲཱུСսҸɷŽڳԵԼҪġ
ܽ͹ƿЦһĻ߹ӨͻȻһڵĴ


48 
Ӿһȥ, һת۾ס
ð˶࣬ÿʱܼҵⶼرãһ׬һӣֵĺϺϲ£, ÿ޲˯
Ӷ԰ܶҲ׬˸, ⶬ춼Զ¥ݸӴ˶, Ϻ򶹸˶, ÿ춼õĶ⡣
ҵһֱСͣ, ŹĹĵǮ, ϶ϲġ
ѧͷżˣڽſʼϢ
ܶһˣ֮ǰܼҵӻ˻Ҳû뵽ŰʱԼҾ׬˱Ǯ𵱳϶֧֣ø˺һŻȥ
ܽϰãϴϱʼ, ܶܶ绳һܽʱҪ
ܶɩ, ЦСԽô, ֻҪСþ˭嶼УһֻҪСñš
ܶҲ˵ǰȷʵѴĽҲճС, ǰƹҪ˼ұ, ɰҸϡ滵ˡ
һЦˣȷʵͦϡ, ܶһҲûƼ, Ȼô׽
ܽ˲ֱܶ, ܶĳ֡
ܽԼСֶǳ˾߳ص
ǲǿ֥
ܶڴϼ֣ܽЦˣڹһ֥Ǹ
ƴӸǻ֮ΪæʱҲû˵ϼ仰ǰűͷܼҰԼһѸС˹ܶԺɹ̫þͿˡСһúܣϴγ۽ͶԹӡɿ
֥ܶǣֽܽСԣ绹СܽҲԲˡ
Щڻû취ֱ׵õǰֶֻ˽³֥ǡױɹЩͷҲ˲ٻڳԣȻζϸǵвͬҲܽһڡ
СܼҲû̫࣬ϴڵĽӣٴԼҵһ⣬ϼزҲ͹ˡ
ͷһͷ룬Ѱ˼Ҳ㣬Ͼͳ׸߼۶Щ⣬µİͷԵ꿪Ҳˡ
һֺǵİŽӣͷͻȻһϸܴɩɻߵȥͼţԼС˺һ
ţ죬ţСøǱקͷɢģɫϣϵĶ飬ʮּҡ
ϺܴɩǸϽȥܣ˺ô󾢲Ű˳ͷһԺţţľҲţС÷أ
һæţզˣզأ
ţŭţСãƽʱһСӴõͷһβĸȳɵĺ£ڵĴһӻ磬ȳӿӢӼױﲼҪûȥѣӢӲӦ͹ȥˣǻ죬ȻͻӢӵӢڻֱѪأ

ϼ𾪵ĿţСãܴɩܶɩɿץţСõ֣ţСһƨ˵ϡ
ţӣզܻӢӵţ
ԹҶҪҪ˰̿ɾͰӢӺˣϾҪˣżô
ţСôݵʵú𾪡
ֲǹ⻮ģƾʲô¹ͷϣ˵һСȻҺһ죬ҽѵѵôˣҲǻã˭Ŀˣ
⻰һţ˷ƵȥҲˣţ˺
Ŷûܼͣ˶ˣ˽ǰҲǴΪ𾪡
ܽţӢæܽţҵţӢﺬᣬס֡
ţѷҳֹѪҩ۸鷳ţӢҩԼ߳ȥˡ
ֱܽü˿ڴʳָôһ㣬˿ԴԴϵĳѪ˿
ʲôģȻôĿӣ
Ǳ뻮ģ߰ңͷˡ
ܽľģҪһ㻮˵Ŀɾˡ
̾ţҳҩ۸ͿϣҵòرӦ˶ԵỊ̇ͷţȥҽһ̵ҩûʲôˡ
ţӢ˿ڱܽʱ˵ҪǳҽݵҩͿϾЧ
ţӢͷѾջȥˣ̧ۿܽ˵ԼС˼ʵҵʱѾ߰ϵˣҲл㿪Ҳûôǹҵġ
ܽȵ۾ʲ⡣
ţӢһ˵ԭ򣺡ôһֱ֪ҲͰˣ䱾ĽǼҵӣʵڿȥˡҲڼҴ˶ˣ֪ҵǲ᲻ģҲ׵ĸֿãһжðˡ
ܽ˼Ǿ̫ΣգҲĻвһӵź
ţӢЦŻзִģĻզأ
ţӢҲΪ˼ӣҼбľܽҲ˵ʲôͿҩߵͷ
ţţСúһˣڸղŸţӢţС÷ֱӱԣһûͳģţ뿴һۡ
ţСȻûզأԼҴҲû£ϻĵѵɩӰԼ˵ϾǰҲûٷ
ôģ翪ھǶһʹ
ôˣţ廹ǵһζӴڣԼŮѪܵʹġ˼Ź飬Ӷһֻ۱һֻۣż˵Թһֱƫ͹߳˽ʵʧ͸
ţСôһֱ⣬ͻȻô̵ˣ͸ţţһЦʱҪǵǸҵĻǵԽ˺ġ
ţȻŭ۾һɾʹţС÷ǣվԱŵòУקСϽߡ
ţСֺֿģ챻
ţָҲ˵ͱֽݡţڳһڶţӢһڸŽԺ
ܽصߣûɶһҲ˼ҡһ˶ûˣţСٺҲûãƨɲĵĴżˡ
Ժһ˻߶£˵ţҺúõһڱôˣֶܶŮĺҲͷһ˵ţȵȡ
̸֮ܽǰԼ˵ţСðʰڽɲʵˣ
Ҳ֪Сʲôϡģ˼Ҳӭһݡ
Ҿ˾С겻ڼҹźӴС˹˼ңЦеĸ߷˵
ôҲûܵĵڣֲģʲôݣ
ƶ̬Ȳ̲ģｿӣ뿴ִʲô⡣
ƿͨ͸ȴһĻϲӭӴһҵĵѾˣݾʣôһţͷȻޱϧΨһĸġ
֮ǰǮûӦĵѰ˼ԼԺ϶ûݣڴһһԸ̫ˡ
һĿ˽ȫˣҾ˾ˡĸǵһһŮͷ
Ҿ˾˳ͨҲԺҲû϶˵ɶ͹ЦǺǵģԼ
Ҿĸ˳Щ̱ȧ΢ߣ۾ϸޱ鲻˵ʱҲſ˼СҪ˵ɶŵ㣬ҲƤӱȽ˹˼ҾΧŷһһĹģЦŸϿƣ˵ֲ⣬ྐྵƵס
ͷ˳һһ˵ɫƽƽʵʵĳˡ
Ըľګ˵Ժ˾͸šͷԵĿһ̧ۣž꣬ƾǾؿһתͷһӾջ˽ţҵطˡ
ȹС꣬ǰϴؼҿʹûٱʰһαһβңèһһͰˡ
һٷԵĵҲల£û־˾һʲô쳣ľֻ̽극ˡ
ƿûþ˾һתԣָʲô¡ۿϸ˹Ҳû˵ʲôǮôҲƲˡ


49 
СǴ, ܼҵҹͬζҷʢ
ȥһܼ̫ϲ£öϸоϲģڹǰһĸ¡
ϴͽģԼʶһȦ, ܿ뵽˺ʵѡ
һҽ, ϴԼãһǷĸáϴҽϸר, ദĺǢ, ҲΪ, ʱʱĳСһ
޶Ů, ˶һŮϴĸ˵ϵľСŮӢ
ӢʣҲͤͤϴľĸһϲҽСʱͿʼŷһѧҽйͬ, Ҫҽ׳һˣԺһܹҸ˳, Բ
ϴԼŷȾ, ﻰΪСŮ˵ף°˳У͸š
ȻǾúܺ, ĵ׵һʯͷڷ, ϵϴһл
ϴǱ˹Ҹý˵һ, ǶԷҲ, һҲˮˡ
ϰ·ͷ, һ¾ýŹȥҲûˣϴһҲͲµˣ黹ûһҲ˽͵͵ֺǣ׼ŵһ졣
ûӦ˷ϲ¾ˬǾ仰ĸԴ˵ķӦƽ
Էһ涼ûҪ˵ҲǼٵģԹ¶ɵʦֲẦʵǰžˡ
֪ܽ뷨һνӣܾԺҪ
ǵݣܽ⹫ҿ⹫ţԼıֶͷ
ͷľһʵȻûжֵȴܴ󣬳ϵͷͲ֡۾ʮĵһҲûҪ˯˼
ͷÿɰܽͱɩרĶޣͷźϵһܽЦһʺϣŽֳЩӣ
ɲǰҸߴѣһȥָ˲٣ڶһˡ
ŵͷЦĸǺ£ǽĿ
̾˿ҵϣˣôȥӶߣԺһӰ¾Ͳˡ
Ҫ˵Ҳʲô䣬ǽԶ㡣ŮӸ߳úǶǸܱ߶Ҫǿɣ
ϻش˵ǡ
ſҲˣתͷɶʱ˵ף
Сأٵ꿴
ȣҪӲϳϹüͷ궼ʮˣ㿴ͬĹĻʮûģҼҵĵ󲻵ãҲҪ˵ģ㻹һӣ
ŵֻҪڼһǹŮڵﶼУҪǼ˾˼ϱⲻòæµڼҶꡣ
˵⻰ˣ˻żҾͲæµҾЪˣ㿴һæģļŮ۳Ļ˼˵
ǹŮʲôҲûǡϱΣôһѵᶼҪˡ
̾˿ƽ˵֪۽¿ɲôˡ½û䣬Ҳܵÿʼ˲ǣ͵ȵʮŶʮȥ࿴ʱúһңҲҲ÷
ȥˣ˵Ϳʼ⡣ŰοֻҪ࿴Ǻ˼ңԺ󻹳ϺӣԼб£ҿԺҪǼӿ϶ıǻҪá
ϵͷ١
Ҵһ죬ϻؼһӺϾ͸ϵ˵£˵Ļ޵ϵĬΣǾ͵¶֮˵ɡ
ڴϸ̾ʱĿǿ죬һת۽ôˣŮüˡ
Ҳඡ

£ʼһһů
ΪĸĴߣûöþʹ˺Ϣ
ϴο佱ĸжţӡǳ֪ý˵ϣҲǲУȥĸ
ǰ˽Ĳ࣬ôһ֪ԭͷܼǾĸļ˿ģʮ־ȣԼÿԵľܼǵ㣬жȻö˵
ܼӹĲܲͬ˴룬˵ﵱٲˣýûżΣЦǺǵĴӦ¡
죬ĸʱƽƽģ˷ܵĸԶҩһܽᱻһ̻ǱˣʺϷʲô
һ˵ϻöˣܽ˵ĸ籾úõģ֪ӢʲôҽĻ⣬˼𾢣ߵʱ򶼲ûק
ܽЦԴѾǸ棬ÿȤͶɡ
鶨ˣܼһֵŸҹƸӶ˽£ǽƻʱ
ϱŸĸ·ϵ˼һ£ȷʵҲס
ѧҽ֮·ޱߣĶָöѧɣܲϱһֱֿϱҪȥϣⷿӻӸҲûʲôˡ
Ϻϵĸ뷨ĸ˵Լѧҽѧ˸ƤëԺ϶Ҫסҽѧϰ˲Ҫ˷ǮǷ
ĻϸϵȲǷطǸţԺҪҲʱܸǡסһݣ˳סţ֮ҲͰȥҽˡ

ʱ䵽˾ݣէˮ࣬ӳ˯ѣҺ̣Ų
һϸӻֿʼæµ֣ܼҲųͷ˵ء
ܽڼҸ˳ҲԼҵĸƷ
ִ֣ԲһС飬һ֥飬һַ˺飬ˣҲÿ
Ϊܽ˲˼صϵæ˸࿾¯Լڿ¯ǰͷо֣һβ׼ԼĳƷ
ļڿ¯ǰŪеʱϻ¯ңŸǱ
Ƽۣû취ڽϢ뵽ԺɽȥԽڣССﶼŹǮ
˼ҵز࣬ƶֲ׬ǮĻҲȤԼҵļĶظ˴￿׵˼֣ÿ＾⣬ʳ㹻һҳԵģʡ¡
Ǹ÷ܽʵҲôκ˰ؿҪ᲻ðָˣֻһһ֡ա
ܽԺҲǲܣϾ׬Ķ࣬Ҫæѡһ죬˭ҲɵܾӲǣ
ԺͷСУܽһ˾Ȼܶݡ
ܶЦܽϲ߹ȥӭʲôʱģôԶ·ԷûУ
ܶݰݸԹˣҸյûʯֵأҲ͸һˡץĻţſô˳Զɡ
ܽˣĸĶӣ˵ĵ˵ϲˣһӶѾСˡ
ǰˡ
Ǹɩͬ£ôθڻ𣿡
õĺܣһЦҴܳԣҵθڱãƽʱҶÿԼº̫ʱһԿͷ
ܴȥ˸ŮΪ̫ʱ˵еأڼ˽²ųšܴݵӣܶھθҲҶˡ
ܽûٶ˵ֹ䣬һ̸̸˵¡
Өϴ·ָܶμɩ˰Σһֱϵ˰ʱ׼ȥ
ߵʱպһֿˣֽܽϴţճ¯ֻе֣ζʮ㣬ܶݽӹֱ֡
ܼǵƷҽ׬ˡ
ԾңҸ
ܽ˵꣬ӨЦſڣܶݽϽȥԼԶˡ
л˵
ĽȽϿ졫


50 
ܽһû, ٴμ滹ܽϵš
һ㴻ۣϵץֻСܽɩȥɽϸݷ㴻һժ˲, Ÿõ˼ǶȥЩ
ܽ·˹, Ź׼ɽ
ܽ˲٣ǲ̫ˡ
Ѿɽ˿һ, ȷʵࡣҲܽ˵, ЦŻԵĲ, ûʲô¡
ܽɵؿ, ﲻ˵Ļɽ϶ﶼԾôûֻʲôȥˣ
ܽùעϢȻȥЪһ졣ǹǮȻϣ˵ɽϲ˼ҲжˣԼϢ
⻰Ҳ֪ǴģôϧԼ, ܽټĵһֻۡһĶЦ˲
˾δ, һ, ·ڶ˾һ˶ܽҲãֻڹ֮뿪
ƺ޲ðܽ˩Լһ, еȢŸϦԡѾТһ, ָһҲûʣã˰ο, ͵һסҪľǶЩǮ, պȢš
ͷܽ㴻˷, Ҳôóԡ
ܽʲôģϻ˵ʲôĶֻҪζþС
ư㣬һζҪǷ̫ཪƬȥȣζͲã̫࣬Ͼ˼
ϸܽ˵˹ƴԵ£֪ܽѾһµɽȵ۾ĵֲô࣬ҲԲġ
ƭԼۣܽӶ㣬Ͼ߿ܽ߸ļɡ
ôһܽڹ˼ҴС죬ϾõΪʲô飬صسŹѰʱܽҲˣϸ𣬲˲־͸źϻȥˡ
ŹƻؼҳԷһھͲζԣϸǽģĻŭţĲûԼڣһ㵹ǱԵһ㲻ʣ϶Цˡ

ܽ˼ҾͿʼ֣¼ӾƷ۶ʮһȳ̶Ȳȵ¿
ֱ¿㣬Ŀ¯һ٣ټţֵĹӦ¿Ҫ㣬ֻҪ˶򵽡
ܽһڵ֣ʱֱ˶ŵĸоһϮ΢üͷɫĹ۲ǰȺڱߵԴ
޾վȺͷʱһûģѾͬһ˵Ѿ·ĿݣƤƣʮһ
ܽˣ޾۾һ˿Թ޵ĺ⣬˵ʲô̫ԶܽҲû壬ֹЦЦȻһȳһյԶˡ
ܽüŴ޾϶ûʲô⣬ͷ
¸ͷ˵һ£һüͷ壬Դ޾ᷳ˼㡣
һָܽùܣƾʲôҲ£ҪǸʹһĲʱҲʶһŵ
ﵣģ˰ܽԺڼҪٸȥæҪʹʲôܻܲ׷ϵȥ
ڵﱾ־٣ܽôôҪ뺦Ƕ㲻ġ
ˮڡܽ˵ͺƽһУﶼ¾ܲɵɵزȽʲôȥ
һĻƽעʮ֣ܽʲôһ䵥ϰѹŮƤӵ£Ҫע⵽˭ŹŮ࿴ۣϬĴ̻ȥܽǰͷһ̵ĸʨ
ܶڸǰͷǮӹ㣬ЦǺǵĸ̽˽޾顣
ڴԣ˵Ȼסشܶ˵޾ĴѾ߶磬ɫһ㣬ڱĥԽѾ巳
Ӳµ˾͸޾ѹĽҲû˸Σȳȵëηĥ
ʵڲܷʲô˵ӡ
ܶлӣԴ޾֮ᷳҲ̲סڵ³еꡣ
ȥǵôǱӦɡ
ҡҡͷܶ΢ЩͷԼ¡
һעţ޾㵹ҲûٳֹӾ͸ƽʱһƽĹȥ
һգۣ͹ȥˡ
ץŴβͣţӢ˼ҡ޵ǰһܽȥţһһ˵һĻԼԺҲҪһ᳣棬ͷǲܡ
ָĺܺãһ˵ĺۼ촩һ£һհĻ
ܽȺͷ֣ڴ˵ϻĹҲˡ
˼޳ȥҲ˱ӭ
·ǿһբڣ˼ʱη׷׿ʼϲ£ž춼ǳϲǵ˸ˡ
øȢ˽ɩţ˿ܶܶһ쵽ϲģϵͺҲǸˡ
ܽԺﱧСɹ̫СڽűҧβתȦѴ綺ĿֱЦ
һСߵԺСڽ̧ܽͷһ£ûϳ˭
Сº͵ЦЦҽܵûңǳϱԬ
ܽˣڳհϲ£Ŵվ֣ԭɩӣ
ԬҡҡͷˣﻹҪɨͥԺϯʣ˲ٲˣҸ͹ЩҰŽ
ܽﻹŴԵͷԬϰѲ˷Žܽл˵һˢ͹ȥ
Ԭ˵æż³Żȥˡ
˾ôӴһܽҲܸоԬǸˣ뵽Ը񣬾ԺһܹúҸ

ţ죬Ҳȥˡ
ƼֱţˣϵЦֹֹסĵףţԬϳþáӡ
ţѾˣû˺֮ǣרעǮҰζ͵¥ֵǮҩҽݣʣƤӾƺŶ̶ӡ
һ£ʱ䲻ûƤӣҰζҩľ׬˲٣֮ǰܵǮѾǷǳɹ۵ˡ
ʵҪ׬ЩǮڼˣٻѡһۻĵܡ
ֻ߬һǮķϣͲ׶ΪʲôҪô࣬Ƹ˵ҪǮȢϱھȢʮϱǮҲ㹻ˣΪʲôҪɽ
ϲҲȰƣֻȥ
ôȻԼɣˣסڴͷվûʲôͷҪϺӻðᵽͷȥ
ˣᵽͷҲܾסСӰɣ
סˣҲýϺӰɣ
ӣûǮôܽкأ
ȥƵĿԶֹ׬ЩǮ


51 
˵Ժ, ȼһѻʲôо
ܽæŸ⣬ҲæɽԣȻææĵҲŶԷ, һҪͷһ, ػҡҹػ㣬ôһֱ۵ġ
ΪֳЩ, ϸ˼¡
Ǯ, صظᱡ͸ĺò, Լղ̣, ⼸·ɾͨŮӨƳġ
Ө˳ߴ磬αȹȹܽ
̳ܼܽҵĸ߸򣬸ӼĸһٸŮͷҲҳһģ˵һ㶼̧ͷ
, ܽʲôÿټ⼸ķ, Ҳ, ˿żɣԼأ촽, , ߵﶼһƬĿ⡣
һˮɫѣпʮˬ, Ϊɻ, ¶һСϸ۵ֱۡ
Ϊڽ˷æԵ, ͷ˲ˡܼ⣬˶Ľ͵ġ
ζãȻȥ˳׻ֿɾţϼϰµдҲˡ
ܴһǮܽװ֡
ӦܶģܶղŻؼȡȥˣ͹ʱ֡
ͷϺܴɩæź㣬ȻѾʱˣ˹ͷʲôģҲòſС
ֵݳȥһ̨֣ľͷֻʣ顣ܽǰӵˣСӣ첻˰ɣ
滹ųأԶ쳤˲ӳ
û꣬ȷʵûˡԵһҶϾʹʳ¯ֻˡ
ʱֵÿЩֻܴܶؼȥȡ
ͷֶܶɩⷽ츳ܽξѧˡڼӨ͸֣һ¯һ¯æܹͷ
ܽĻһȺһžУ˰ĶҲһˡ
û꣬ǴԶ·ҲҪң֪ȣһû취ӦСڡ
Ӹ˶Լӵ֣ܽЦһ϶ϣŴӵЪЪ̫Сɹ̫
һЦǺǵӱߣ³˲٣߳ȥ˼ףƫƧ˿ʯͷš
ȵԱм˾վˡûƳһۣܼ̾ãϲƶԹŶ
Ϊʱ˿̼֣ӶܽȵСΣͦͦ͵ļϵƵ촽˲һа
޾һ˿ģ漴ɫĸ˵ôүûƭɣ
⼫ˣĻͷ
óƯΣҿǿٱǧȻֻѾͷƤ۽£ҲǴҹȥ
⻰˵ģָܽ棬΢۾Цˡ
޾㿴ķӦʹ죬ּǸׯҵѾͷᣬΪ׬ͭ廹ҪͷЦҪԺҸһ˸ϣĺģ࣬ζҪЦˣ
򵥡תͷԼСˣͷҸţ֪ˣѡվͰ̧š
˼Ҽ֪˾ͬ⣿浱˭޼һ
С︹̣Ϲػشǡ
뵽ܽɫòѰ˼һ£ֲ˾䣺ӿԶ㣬ʮӹȥɡ
ǴӸãǡ
ϬĵһۣȻǴҵ˽ˣ𣿣
üĸ֪˺
֪ˡ
϶޾ЦйЯŶ⣬߱߶˵ܽĺá

ܽҲ֪ճĹӣæĻ
ͷɽܳԵĶ࣬ҰɽһһƬЩͷͶ˲ٴ̯ӵġ
֮ܽǰǿɽȥһۣȻֽһĹʵ
ܽɽ髶˼ȥæ˼ҹһɽ髸⡣
ɽ髸Ϊ޶ܼǳۣɿڣθʳûΪ̫ȴʳ񣬸һƳʹܻӭܼҵǮֹ˲١
ɽ髸⣬վɸ˲ٹƤʳԡ
ŵһƤʱֻСһڼﶼѾĸˡ
ûĸ
ǰâֵʱӨһк
³ԱĽȫҺǸˣͬʱҲе㵣ġΪģ⺢ӵʵ㲻ء
ȻӨҲûٳԣӵȴһ㡣
СıŶӣԼĴƱȻһ£һôССһֻĻˡ
ϴӼ£ҺӾǳСһжͦõģֻҪúԺˡ
ŵķˡ
ӨźЦĲãȡСѰ˼Լ˵ͽţɡ
ϣܽĳԺȭͷһӲţһ׳һصӺ͸һ
Өͬ⣬ϺϵҲͷӵ־ô
Өʼӣţһֱ
ܽŹƤԱܶɩǣܶվԱߡˣܶɿܶɩ֣־һһϵģĺùãҪһƤԡ
ܽȵĲҪҪģҪʳԺﴫ˺ŭɶ
ţ˵˰죬ȻҵĽ檣
ϳ˸ӵýüһ˵զˣܿŮĸҲ˶ǮŮǸЩǮҲֵˣ
ޣĻðɣһĭϡ
ϽҹҪϡǼǮԼȥҵĽĸεĶ
㣡
ϰõӵ⣬׻һأýŻæ֪ܵǮ׬ˣ￪ʼܽҲ÷
һ
ԺɨһȦܵŵĳͷͳȥ
ҪǱôһͷҪģϵҲԲŻýҲٶ˵һ䣬Ⱦܡ
ԭĺģܽ߹ôˣϰһ˵ܽüͷ
ûһһ˶֪£˵ķӦһģһоζըˡ
΢Ӿ֪޾Ѳ˸ϵһ˺޵Ķˡ
ܽ뵽޾Цһ¡
˵ʵ״޾ΪʲôôԼ˵Ľʵָʲôޣ
֮ǰȻϲ޾㣬Ҳûڳıܽ뷨ҲӲ
л˵
ԤաøоѷҸȤĿղŶ


52 
ýȻǸ߾ܾ, ϺϵʼǷĲ¡
ýŵĻҲѣӴʲôУŮܸɣ汣
Ǳ, ´ҪǱʲôƦåأ
Ȼ˵Ůǰ, æտʱһͳʲô, ˣ
Ϻϵ˼, ̧ͷһԺܽڼ, ڸȥæ
ڼԭҶ֪, ȷʵȫһЩȻȫԱͬ⡣
ܽûԣ˴޾鹷Ƥҩþڼ뷨ӽ鷳
ҪҲֹһڿʼ˵ˣҪ취һϡ
ȫҶĲ, ϳԷûԼڣ˿վ޾ɫϵ, Ǹýܼ˸ɶ, Ѱ˼´ҪٺúõĽѵһ٣Ȱ檣ΪǮġ
Ϻϵ˵, ܽ˼
ڼҲ, ܶɩȥæܶɩĻ߼˾Ϳʼ, ʱܶǾܻȡһ
ܽæѰ˼, û뵽Ÿշ, в֮š
ܴ磬ܽϴˢղù꣬ͷСͻȻֳͣܽʱһѾԹԵĽԺӡ
ܽûǣһʼûӦô£źͷӽĴ޾¶ŷ߲ơ
żû޾ӸֲһˣȻһȳһյģԺ˲٣ָֻǰĴ硣
һΪףԱ߸ŵĴ޾Сˣʣµĸ˶ǰԲ׳ڵģҲˡ
ԺСŵĴӣڱǰͷȣܼҵļ߷
ͷܽһͷͿ˳ŲʩʱоԼˡ
ɫеĶһЦ߽ܽܵĺˣ
ܽһͶ㿪˼񺮵һƤ
ĴӦþǸܽʣ˭
û޾䵱ǰЦǺǵ˵ˡ
ұǻ˭գصعģ
ҽ˵ʲôܽȫ
ǰǰǼҲǴӦ˰޸үΪ檣Ȼ͸ýˡ
ȫһɺԣֲܽǲڳϺϵʲôʱӦý˵Ļ
ÿǺøүϧ㣬æ֮лӭ㣬ҵûõĴ
޾쿩ЦϿĽֻܽ
ЦһܽڵҼ˿ɴûӦҼΪ檣Ҫ檵ĸ˭ܱȹ㣿
޾ҧָǼҶүƸѲɻ
ЦǼҴûչһǮ˭֪˵˵ʲô
޾⣬΢΢˵үûյ˻ӣýҲ˵ˣƱҲûá
ܽۿﰵǲôˣԷбһͺýŴͨˡ
֮ǰûȥܼԼ˭Ҳ֪ôһ£ھǸûӦýûǮֻҪԷҧǣû֤¾˵塣
㲻ҲУھóʮӸǣֻҪƸ¾塣
ܽ۾΢ĲҪͶء
ʮӣһҪٺ׬Ҫûм⣬Ǯ֡
ǰǮ
ܽ䣬ֱӻܣΡ
޾ЦҲ˵⡣
Ȼˣ͸߰ɣģүһƴġ
ǰˣֻҪԹԵĸһȥ㵽˸ϣһһ㴩ӡ
˰ɣүô˵ˣԺһˣҪܸүһŮģĸȫںͷء
ԶԶԣֻҪ˺ӣңʲô
һһ䣬˵Ļܽеޱȶġ
ϼһЦֱӵҳϷǵĿĲ檣ҲֱӸǣҪ檣ⱲӶܡ
һӾ˵ƲԳԷƣһ̧֣ͷ׳ǰҪǿд
ڳܽʣӵӨܶ׵ĺӡ
ӶӨͷĶޣܶҪߣӴˤͷӨڴ˰죬˿ҪȥæֱӰסţԭؼתҲ޳ˡ
ܼԺҳһ࣬˲ٵСһĻһ׺ݵҧ˹ȥ
Ԭͷ¿һ룬˼ûȥæתͷķܡ
ﳤ˲ٲݣ˶æųأϵҼҲڵ
ԬԼٶͷϣû߳ڰ·˹ơ
Ƹһﵽң˸緹ɽԡ
Ԭţ˵ƸܼҵĹϵҲܽӦõȲ˶ãϽͣǰͷ˵¡
ƽţüͷһšѻ˵˳ȥ
ԬȥˣԼҲȥϵǡ
ƵܼҵʱÿܽƵһˤ˵ϣԱ߼ֵĺǹЦǵ˲ͺۡ
ܽͷٵŶԲߣһͻȻͼƳԺͷ
Ʊֲھд˼겻֪˶ٴս浶ǹĶ֣Ҳûɱˡ
˿ŭڣӻȭͰǼ׳ڵء
ƾж֪ܽ⼸׳ͷһԡǸоԼǱ˵ȭͷˣǱǧصʯͷͷڵתðǣá
ҲǿиɣӼٰʽƷŶղܽǸ˵ӣһٺᣬֱӰѶԷ˹ȥ
ýݣ⼸˴ҲƬ̡
Ƕˣ˫ͨ죬סܽ
ͷɵˣԼһƵıƴſ£ϵ鲻Լתܡ
һӾע⵽Ԭ˵Ǹϲƣۣ󲽹ȥקסĺ졣
ͫ׷ŴС˺ʹ޾Ͳ֪Ķȥˣֻʣ߶µĶԹģңǮֻҪңʲʲô˵
ˡ
ϵһƤûʣţһôФ뽿ͷŭһը˾໰ǵصȭͷ
ԱߵĽӻͣţҪһ˵ʲôˡ
ԽԽϵҲʼղס
¾ûˣܽżȻˣùƴһٳûȭͷȥͼѪƴȥҪˡ
ǰҪŹƣϵһĽԺˡ
ϵһˣǸղŴӵŹæھӣһͷųͷңԺȺһսⳡȫסˡ
ԺҲûɹǴмżˣͷŸᣬ˼ҴѪ


53 
ҪǴ˾ͻˣ
ϵҲ˲, ţϽܹȥ˹ơ
վ˦˦ֱϵѪ˿һ˿Ҳޡ
ƽʱĹºģҲЦ, һȺļ⸱ӡ
һصĲ״, 㻹˵ǹ֯}˵ģ
ܽӵݸƲ, ȭͷǺ˵ûƤ, ˿
뵽Ǽ۸ĳ, ɬζ, ޲ðǼٰŴ˰ٻء
ܽԼû£˶һĬû˵תͷԺͷˡ
˵ľٶûע⣬Եϵȴ˹Ů͹һû֨ǰ̽̽û
ܽ߸˵龭ԺҴ޾, һȦҲûӰ
üͷܽ϶ǳܻȥȱˡ
ţܼҲַͷ, ܽһǸղǸСˡ
С˼Լŵ, ˢһ¾͹ڵϸܽǸǸˣҲò, ﲻ뺦˸ղʲôû, ǼһͶˡ
ղȷʵû룬ܽǰ, ֪ȫ˵
Сԥһ, ߵܽԱʵ˵ǻ, СҲīһԵİ龭ȫ¶˳
ԭүС檴ģ˵и˳үһϲүͺɫ˸ȥܼǰ߳һۣһȷʵˣͽ׼ýš
ҰүԸˣûýŻ˵СӼҲͬ⣬ڸ̹ӵĴﺦˣ͸ү˵ֻҪýһӣʱ˵СӼǮŹ˹ֱӰȥ췹һǮûͳˡүһãֲõľ͸ˡ
С˵ȺһӾը˹
Ƕôնİ췹ܽүүͶˣ˶ġ
ϢֲˣܽںͷӲûǰ
ϵһҪ̧Ÿϻȥһš
ڵ֮Ȱ½ˣҿȥٰɣ
Ѿ˳ԷԲ׵ķŹǡͶԲð̯˵ס
֮Զ֣ΪԷдȣˡ
췢´ҶˣնҪǿŮС˵ĿڹԷ˺ͶԺ֤ȷ䣬޿ɵ
ñھߣϵǵȺõӦеıӦɡ
Ѽһţһưˮ͸˶ˡǵģӾ͸ϵȥ
ܽ쵽طʱ˺ߵǸСԣһʵʵ˵һ㣬ҪǸ󵹸ꡭ
ûѻ˵ȫС˿һۣ˲˼͵һæ˵Լһ˵ʵ
ЦǸҪģһô
ȥþǱˣ治˵
һ˵ǰͷſڵ̧ͷһ۷ֱٵԼ˾ӶҪˡ
ϵûոͣص˼ǰͷĹľͱŽš
ܽ⻹ǵһμԪصĶͷүʮ㡣
³ܽ˳
Щ¶ǲʵ֤֤ܽУһֵµ˾¶ӡˣ˰ѵʱǸýŽ˹
ý±飬ڼֵŻ궼ŷˡ
Ҳĸ٣ǰͷжⱻɱ͸Ź⡣
ûµ˵£ֵģǽŸһŵĴ˾ſſ˵ϡ
СѾʱ˶˸һڵϿͷϴ
ʵѾˣаŮ·ԼޱŭԪصĵȥˣҲȥشʮ塣
ϵŴܴǸϹʱѾˡ
ܽǳţϿͰ˻˵˲զŮôֶأ
ܽĺ󱳰ܴ硢ܴɩǱ
վںͷĬĬԱߵϵͷŤȥһ
̧ˣһͷƴְ֮˰ӣûҲʣһ
Ĳܼǳһڶһžôû˲źã
Ӽ׷ܼңִܼ׷ţһһϢĲһӦվƿڴ
ȻѬĵʮ־ڣЩȫǱ͵͵ɵġ
ҪǴ޾ͻȻȥ˵ڻڹʲô֪
黹иã
̯ôɫԼǵ˰˱ӵùΪ½ţˡ
ûʲô֣Ҫǹ˼ͷô
Χһָ۷׷ס
Ǯûʹϣ˰ѱѪܵȥԼԾ޹⣬Ҵ뿪

ϲƿϴĹˣӻ嶼ûˣ
Ůٶ̸ʣϳ극߳ľ£ͷϡ棬Ѱ˼զܷأ
·Ҹʯͷһһ˰Լ˵˵ȻûƼһ˵Ķб۵ģԼ£ҲġΧһһһ˵壬һŰֱү䣡
˵ܼ˶ؼˣǺŵӾ͵ܼͷӸ￴뿴ܲܳʲô֣ʱҲóȥ˽졣
˰죬ܼԺﰲģɶ粨ûС
ƲƲ죬ؼ˯ȥˡ
ܽţϴ߹Ķͷף͹Ƹסˡ
ʱ춼ˣͷ˯û˯ܽûУŽһյ͵ƣ¡
͵ưյĻƣһյƻɢů⣬ͷųͤͤĹŮζӳµġ
ɢҵͷЩ£¡
ܽҡͷ˵£̾˵Լˡ
ԭڼҾûˣͺ㡣ҪǹƵİæҪһˡ
ô㺦ң˭Ҳ벻н·ҪҲֻܹȺ˾ϲ⡣
ϵͷĬһ£˵һЩҲеҲ㡭
ϺܽӰΡ
ܽ΢΢һЦֶʲô֪Ƹҵ⣬Ҳϲͻͨˡ
˵ʲôоӵúܡ
ôҲ˵
Ƹ绹Тڣһ˵Ҳûʲô壬ҲܸƸȻദ
⵹ģ֪Ժ󣬺ϻû취ǰơ
֪Ůһǵġ
ȷϲɲǶϷ
ᵽܽЩЦ˵Ҳ׼Լ˼ʱҵԼеֻǹƸƤ࣬ˡֱɽǼҲųҵ⣬ϲƸ磬ϲˣʲôҶԸһ𡣡
̾һ
ЩҾҲûֹǰһֱΪ׽ִСһŴãҲûⷽһһ˼Ÿ˵ףҲûѰ˼ʲô뷨
ܽסϵĸ첲Ц˵Ȼ﷢֣ԭʲôһϣô˵ףòˡ
һۣȷã֪ˡ


54 
һ, ˵֪ǸģʲôҲһʱȡǸúӣ涼û˵, Ȼ᲻ͬ, ԧ
ףŮȻҪ, ޸Լϲˡ
ųĺ, ɫ, ΪҲºͳ, ˭ҵĶҲû㡣Һ϶Թ˼֪֪׵ģ˻дСڣҪѹŮиҲġ
ܽижԴںϵļϣ۾һգһգĿ
Ҿ֪ﲻᷴԡ
ϵһ, ٩˵Ůඡ
ܽЦü䡣
һҹȥȫ˶֪Ϣ
ҷӦͬ, ɩ, ߡ
磬ڷϳԷʱƵһȲ뵽Լ֮ǰ˵ʲôƸСõ, ȴֶ, ԼǴˡ
һѪؿڲ˳ҲûõĶȥĸҹϻ, Ҿܶ˽¸˵, ͷر, ȥһ޲¡
ֵĸѹƵֵܣ˼ҵĿǵǵ÷
תе󣬸ĸһʱҲת
Ѱ˼ţƽԺˡ
һֱĶƵûлңѾµܼ˻֪ˡ
ЦЦƺ塢Ƿ˵仰
ϺϵѾ극ˣԻ࿴˶ԷһۣվŽ
ߣ·ܽʱʹ˸ģԼŽӡ
ƸӦʶ֪ˡ
ܽһ·߽ȥﻹе㵣ģ֪ҪʲôҲ֪ô
ܽע۾Ҳû뿪ݵšǿСõߣһᡣ
ãƴˣϴЦϵҲûһɫİѹͳš
ܽ߹ȥϵͺϿ˿ҲûקϵϵƲתȥܽ͹ƣ˸˵Ŀռ䣬ԼҲˡ
ܽ߳ȥһΣԱûˣҵ˵ʲô̬ȾȻã
ƿЦҲûʲô͸ҵġ
ע⵽Ĺעһ˼뵽Ӧòزסˡ
ЩӦóеģҪΪҪТҲżˡһжĴ塢̹һбǸ⣬ͬʱҲ˶ԼҪȢΪ޵ľġ
⣬ԴǳϿңϺϵʻܿҲĳ򶯣ˣͱܼ˸ղſˡ
ܽô˵ղŵı飬Ҳûٶʣһת˷ϡ
ǹǡ
֪ˣ˵˯ž
ܽ챻ҹ̸Ҳͬ
֮ǰԼԼöӶԽ̫ԾһŭΪգϾٳٶҲ˶ӵ⡣
ϲܽϲĽܽԼŮͷ֪Ժܼ޽˼ϱ־ϲЦ˻ڴӲһޡ
뵽ﵱʱķӦֲһֱȥؿǲðˣôõĸ
ǹƿţЩȷǷϵԭ
϶ʵ̫ˡ
ܽ˵Ļշ̣˵Լôá
ƻ˵Ҳôģܵõϲ˴ˡ
ܽߺסԼȵƫͷ
ǿɰģ̲סͷͷʱϽȥȢš

ܽ͹Ƶ¾ô·һһϲһҳ
ΪƻТڣֻԼ֪һڷҲû͸¶ȥ
ֵܼܼһ뵽ñƭ˾ѹǿԼȥ룬Լעڱϡ
Щӵ¶Ǵ޾ģܼ
ܵÿ죬ʹ˾ȱҲû¶棬Ӷûɡ
ܼһֱĶҲټѾȥ죬˼һûţҲûϢ
ܼ˾ˡ
úһѲɻܾôʧˣ
͵ĲˣѾ춼úܣڵӶûϢ
ܼûһֱ¾ûв͸ǽ׻˴޾Ϣ
޾㱻ˡ
ظĵϣͱ廨һȥϡ
ϸԪʮǧƶ֮أһ·ȥҪˮ·½·صĻＸͻزˡ绹޾ǵ¥ȥģ͸ûܵĿˡ
ﱾ޾檣뾡һзӴĥƫƫ޾㻹֣Ȼߥôĳ£ﶪ档
Ǹ檣ѾҲûʲôûֱӷ
ΪҾôͼܷһ£޾ͱĸˡ
ʱ䣬ѾݣԶȥˡ
޾㵽ϳˡ֪˸³ܼҲûֻͬһжȡԹñˡ
ˣԺҲٴŵܼҵܼ˳׵ķġ
⣬һҲܼرʹ죬Ǿʧķ̱ڴˡ
Ǹͷڰһٴһֱٰ֮ӾʣһȻ˹¶û֪Ժ°뱲ֻڴ϶ȹ
һɫҪּŭ˶һֱ֣ͨӱƷûǡ
ڼʺʧСеļ˾ʹ
ﲻѹﻹúܡ˸˿Լѳټҵÿӹúò
ϾǸܼԭĶԷ鷳ڷû뷨׽һ
Ľֲܼ˾ʹ죬Ҳһֽкá
в˶ȥæ֤һˣϾ׼һЩˣúøлһ˼ҡ
˹⣬ԬҲ˴æ
һҹаæһԺֵĳһٷϺϺϵлܽҲһȺ˱л⡣
һ˵ǿһģ˭˭Ӧ
ϵͺЦ˵ǣ
ܽģţԬӡԬϳԶǺһ£ţϽ¿ӸıϵĹĺͰһۿɼԬϿͣˣЦЦ˼ͷԷ
ܽǣĵҵ˶Եˣǰһ

Щ¾ôȥһת۾͵ĸҲˡ
ԺͷֺģϵͺдͣܽܶɩӢ˵
⻹ܽһοɩӢĲܽ񣬷ʮӢ˵ʱŮķ緶
Ӣƽʱ࣬ԸǸֱˬģ֪ⶼԼˣ΢Ц˵
ЩҳӢͻȻָܽɫ棬Ƭ̺ض˵ܺá
ܽû˵ܶɩְ
ʱ΢Щ˵ܶɩ΢ЩѪ㣬Ҳ󣬽ƽʱЩ轡עϢ
˿ܶɩܽЩЦöͷӦˡ
ӢĸһϲҽΪСѧҽԵʣñĸ绹࣬ڼʱͰ˲ٲˡ
޵ܼԼȻҽӦð˶壬ĸûк֮ǣҲԼһġ


55 
ݳס
ܼҵĵһ, ӢظԼĵһٲ跹ȻǰЩ£Ҳ̵ղ
ЦеĿ, ĸӶȢϱ˼, Լϵϵĵڷˡ
Ӣĸڼ˰²Żصҽݡ
ⷱæԾǷ, ڽ߾ܵİЩܸɵĻ, Ҳ˲ĸͷӢֹ, ˸и˶һ, ȷû֮ŷġ
ϸһǮǰǮøϴ
˵ĸΪͽסҽݺϺϵռˡӻ֪ҪסãǮϴ͵סҲ̹
Ǯĸ罻ϵѣ, һҲû
ĸԭǸŸﻨģ񿴺һҲû, ۾
Ǯò, ĸӹϸǮǮû֨ԼǶԲ, ڼæ, ТҲûܵ
һԵķӢο˵Ժ׬Ǯø, ʱٺúòˡ
ĸͷ, ֻôˡ
, ӨҲӡ
ţһµϸһȦ籧ûľĸоˡ
ѾСʣµӶСɩæʱ䶼ܽǣѧ˵·Ĳֺ
ܶŸͶ˳ܶݲӵϲѶӾͱţ죬ʱҲѾˡܽ˺ܸˣźװ˲ٶܶ»ȥʯҵʱøܶݣҲǴá
ܶûƴǣ¶ܶݸ˵л
ˣվԭسıӰﰵ˵ԼҲҪඣ

ܽû뵽ôԶ쳿ϵȥһ˼׵أſժ˲׻
ʱ׻ûȫ죬֭ˮ㻹һܶϰ뷹˶ԡ
ܽ˲٣ͷ˸СĴøܶԺͷ߳Ա档
һ˻û˿Ժæżӻ
ȻæܼҵļҲûԺȦﻹͷǰԺĸжʮֻֻѼӡ
ѼϲˮĴвٵССϺǳ˳ĺáµҲڡܴɩܶɩԼҵѼӱȥһһ˴˵·ľţһ˴һϴȥ
ԺϵܴΧȦƹƹҵæ֮ǰȦ̫СͷǻпϵʹȦ
ܶеܽȥϴһʱƺͺſ˵
ƿ˵˹һ䳲ͷķۡ
ķ䳲
ɽģ÷ˮȡ
𣿡
ˣİɡ
ܽͷŰѷ䳲˹
ǰø˲СըС㡣һװЩȥϳԷʱ򵱸Сˡ
ﻥб˴ˣƻ˵ã𴽽ЦĿġ
ϵæ굽ǰԺǷ¸ͷ˵ƵͷкϵЦӦˡ
ܴǸϵͷҲЦǺǵĸ˵˻
ܴ֮ǰΪƺܽƣҲô˵ʱ䳤ˣҲʵҲǰһ
ڼҵͷֻʣ绹Ÿ֨ܶĸ첲ɴһͷת˹ȥǵøչĺϵһۡ
ƼЦû˵ϵ˵ţ˸Ϣһиӣ˼һͷţҪǻţѾɣ׳ܸµأֻǮˣҪˡ
ԣϵͺ۾˾
Ҳ󣬸οֵ׳Ļţ
ЩûΪţ´ߣһֱҲûġгϵĺţǮ߰˾òֵʣ¼Ǯ˵ţţëֵûǮˡ
ͷز٣ţָŸãҪǲãǵֵܼصʱҲ費
ϵǸˣʹϢ׼˻᲻òţƭǣ
ҡͷţ׳ûв˼òˣ˻ǮȢϱ֮ǰһСæǼҲЩ˽⣬Щʵˣƭ˵ġ
ԼĪǿڹưæķϲŸôʵϵļǮˡ
ϵͺüЦ϶Թлƻæ˵л˵ԼѾԷкͷпſԵĻֱӾܸǮǣˡ
ϵͺæͷ˵ãȥˡ
ܽ͹վ⣬Ҳʶɢˣֻʣ绹ԹĿŹơ
űŤ磬ƺܽһۣЦǰһȭҲԼԹﲻסЦˡ
ǺֵܣʲôõһȭʹûǵӲŹƾͿʼĲԼƭĸ֮ġ
˵ʲôƾ͵ͷ˵ԣϿҵĵǸ
˵˵ȥˣһյʱ˾ͺͺ籧ԼĶţֿʼ

ȥԺϵһֱţ£Ѱ˸ӾʹܴȥǼ̿ţ
ͷţǺð
ƽֱԲͰ֫׳ţԲ룬һͷǳţؾԲ⡣
ͷţһײϵĿͰõĸǮǣͷţ˼ҡ
ţƵĽ˴壬һӾջ˴˵Ŀ⣬Ӹڻţͷ˷ܵĿͷʵĻţ
泯ũ˵һͷţǶôһϲ°
½Ѷһܼͷţ
һԺӵΧŻţתţҲûŵվǿһֻӬ䵽ϣҡβϲӬһ˼صͺֱ
ţ
ŮٿϵţѡĺãϵǺЦţǣ˩˺ԺţȦ
ţȦ⼸ǺõģͽȦԱߣľ嶤Ľʵʵͷé˶ڷ絲꣬طţſر
Աͷͣ°ʳ죬ԱСߺ߽
ţƳһۣԼţȦſˡ
ܼҵͷţһעÿʱʱľͻھӹ
ϵͷţĵĺܣÿ춼ȥ۵Ĳݣëʮ˳ûһᡣ
صصμҾ˾һ峵ţϣܼҾԼţ
ϸţ˵һȡԼҵĳĵӣӽԼҵţȥ
˽￴ׯڣϵµİãǾǼţߡ
ÿͼ˾Ͳ˵ˣϵݡȥܴüҿȥ͸⹫ңپǴŻţȥʲïʢĵطԲݣӹڣϵЦݶࡣ
ܽϵҲ͸ˡ
ͷţģ괺ʵ̫ˣϵϲŪׯڣʹˣͷţŻɲ١
¡ÿ¶׬ͷţҲûӰʲô
ܶһҲ׬˲ˣ˵ǻڿĥӣܽȰҲͷæɻ
ܽĻܶһ򶼷ô˵ԼҲ۵ĻšǮҪţҲһֱ˼ˡͷţ᲻ãܶܶϼһ£˵гϸ˷˲ٿ࣬ջͷӻ
ӵȻûţ󣬵Ҳ¿ǿĥ˵ȫû⡣ͷӣܶҲɶˡ


56 
ϵѻţιúܺ, ʱҲ˴ó
ׯڲܼٷѾȥֻҪڵ÷ŵţϣϵţ͡
ţڿҿҵһһûֹƢͷ, ˾ͳʱȥո, ܼҳ˴صˡ
С͹ѧ÷, Ҳ˵ʵС, Ǹӡˮ, ǾͼڵϵĹ, ŽʱҲװһ
ڼҲûˣӻмļ٣˺غأܽѹйָը˺ӳԡ
ճĺ滹, ܽѺװûô˲øǳԡ
Ƥƽ, Ŵ, ӳһھϲĲУһһ
ڼ񼦵϶ԼԺˡ
϶ԺЦ, ˵ҽ˵, Ÿ͹ﶬȵ, ׿ԡ
ϵͷЦ˵, ŶԷ˵̫, ǰŹǶôȥɲˡ
˵ɶҲǼԷģúǧղþС
ܾղã̫鷳Է
εĻôܣ־ȥû룬϶һ㣬Ժ˵̵Լ͵ȥ
ܽأϰ£־͹˯úòã˼ûУֵԼǰ쿴һƥƯĲϣʱҪ¡
ܽЦãһһش⣬ֽøԼѣŲ·Լҡͷܾ˵ͷ˸Щ˵˼תȥ
߽Ťͷ۷ϵıӰͷͻȻ͸оġ
Դ֪˺ǵ£ϾʱʱŹػܽ꺮ůģȺҲ
Ͽ뵽ŮҪ뿪Լ޵ȥͲζ
ͬʱҲ˿϶ԽãԺ޹ȥҲͲóˡ

ƴӴæȵ붬ʱܹǮ
Тڵ𽥱ƽѹסеϲ뼤ƻ׼һС
ȸ˷ԼҪسǰҵļƻŷ϶԰׼Ϳʼӡ
ڶ࣬ⷽǾḻϢյҲȫѰһģͷ˵ԼҪͼλǾжˡ
룬ֵܼܽ
֪ܽҪϰʮ⣬һˢ˶ԹƲ֪ԼԷûʲô뷨ܽҲĬĬ˵Լһֱڿǵ¡
Ժ⣬Ի
Ȼ׬ǮʵΣգ֮ǰܽÿÿľٴҲһʱʱҪһʲô飬ô죿
·ǧе׬ǮķӣûбҪôΣյ¡
ԴӼ׬Ǯܽһص̬ܶ׬ǮӼȻѾˣԺҲҪȥΪǣȴϲ
ܽ͹˵Լ뷨΢üͷ
ԼԼı£ҲһΣգҪΪǵýģͲˡ
ҲԣֻҪϲͬΨһǵľԺΪæ̫ͣǾʧıˡ
ܽԼû˿ԥоʮۡ
Լ׬ǮΪ˸õԼ۵ġ
Ƽ⣬ֻЦЦ˵á
ȻҪǷӿ϶ҪѡģĵطһңƴҴ뿪ȥ˵ȥˡ
µʱܽڼѰ˼ҪЩʲôãȻûףδעҪһģ˿̿ЩǰıҲΪԼ㡣
Ҫó飬ʳջŲǰͷֵʵơ
ǰСͻ켣ԼҵƳΪϰŮԼƵÿһ㿴ʱ棬ʲôԶԣľƶ˸飬ö֮Ҳͻˡ
ţϾһƷƵִˣʶǼǧѾչĹգôҲˡ
ֻҪˣһ׬Ǯ
ƿ˵ܽĵƣ⼸Ȼż㡢⣬ȴû׬Ǯ
һ˽ģԼһڼ취ż׬ǮüӸҲԼһ·
ƱҪЩֻܽԼ֪Ҫϸ˵һҲ˵ꡣ
ڶҵ˽Ҳ࣬һлôӳ顣
¡ʱ⼸ͷ˴ѩ캮ضģСڶﲻ
ϸܽԼĶ£˺һ̸˵˷ӣĺ־ȡ
ȷˣϹţͷХı磬ڴϸԱˮϵ˵⺢ҲǸµģ֮ǰҲû͸¶ʲôţӶˡ˵Ǹǰլĸ֣Ҳ֪˶Ǯ
ϵһˮ϶һˣۼҵҪøʮء
ǵǣڷܣҾûϢⷿӿ϶׬ġ
ϵһֵҿǰЩˣӦҲ֪¡˼ֱȢȥͲڴˡ
ŮҪˣϵãͷ˿ˮ˻˵Ϻð
Ϻγϵ˿̵飬ҲһġҪǿԣŮһӣǲǲ
д󵱻Ů󵱼ޣѾ˹Ů꣬Ȼȥˡ
һϵ˵£żĺܣԼĪŹһТ͵ף׵ҲԶĶȥʱø׼ױˣҪȻŶ׺Ҫ
˵еϵͷôġ
ϻҲͰˣȵʱٸϸҪľҪȰЩѡ졢ЬӳЩҪԼһһߵķ죬ķʱ䡣Լ˶٣Ѱ˼ҺϴϱǼһ֣һˡ
ЩϵҲ̫ߺҪѡõġ
ϲ˵Լﶼء
˵׬ģǮҾûǮҲҪŮðһݷļױҪýޣΪͷһݡ
ڶݵĶԻ󣬼Ϊܽæı˼ױ
ܽǰӸ˵˷ӣ׼õĵء£ע⵽µʱ򣬺ѾѲ϶ˡ
ͷ˲֪ܽȴۼʶ˼ǵĻ⻹ͷһ˵ûŮҾżױġ
ЩЦԷǣܽҲֻܰϽԼļױ
ʱ찡
л˵
Ƶ¶ףҿһֺǾ


57 
ܽڼҹһ, ȫҶϧ
Ͻʮˣ󲿷ֶܽԵģԷʱһ˲ͣĸܽв˽, ﷹð˼Լꡣ
ȫ, ˵˵СʱȤ£궼ҪĳԲҹ
ʮһ, ʽТڡ
û, ƺͷ֪û, ڼѾ׼õƸ, ϲá
ܼͷϵͺ˼ݣžʹż˰Լҵ߷ͥԺɨ˸ɾﻹãԺȴһЩЩҲһʱ䣬ʰ, ˼ҵýҲˡ
ýջƣǷϴġ˵, 仰Ͱܽ͹˵֮ϡ
˵, ϵͺϾЦһλ˵ˣҲͷ
һ֮, ýˡ
˵һ˵, ξſ׺͸˺ϻ飬Щ, ѡ˸Ƶ, Ź˼Ҿ˴ס
ʵ̫, ܼⶼվˡ
´ŵʱܴáܶ塢⹫ҾѾϵͺ͸¶£׼ЯȫҹһҲûȱϯ
һ׼ϯ棬ŮǰźˣǾ͸ϵưһȺ֣ܼԺæʮҡ
̫ո߹ң˼ҵҲš
ȻƵĵˣҲ١˿һȥͷƺƵ˾Ҳʮˡ
ǰͷһλͷ׵ߣǹƵ̫үүѾʮˡΪִָ٣˼һֱ𾴣ƽûײɽ֪Ҫףصعų棬˼ҾͲûĳ
֮⣬ƸĶﻹйƵλ壬ùҲλľǹƵıֵˡ
һ̧ƸԺܼ˿˼µƸ񣬽Ƥһ
ò˵˼ҵƸ̫ˡ
Ѱ˼¸ƸҲʹ̳Ӿƣϲ⣬ٸԣ˼ҾͶЩõġڵĹ˼أǰͷƸ͸ʮͷϲһ̳ۼԣɹɫǡʮһԣɡɡ
һǽ˿ۡ
ܼͷվ˿ֵˣǿЩƸ͵ɴ۾Ծڹ˼ҵĲƴ֣ͬʱҲĽܽ
ϵͺϸϽдϯܴɩǰõķһһĶŮдڲݡ
֮ܽǰһֱڲűϴ¶档
Ϊ컹ţܽϴźʵĶ¡ˣⶬ´Ҳӷס޵ĺɫϲĵʤѩ
ϴòЦܽȸźϽݸʺá
ֵһӦǹ˼үӣܽǰϥ񣬽̫үү˼үѾ̫ܿˣ˵һŬͰЦЦϿ˵ǸùǼСи
Ц˼ܽ˺ãǽЦӦ
̫үү׷ܽܽע⵽ĻЦתָźϽ˲ݡ
һȺŮĿˣܽȥʱպ͹Ƶĺӻ˭вɾúЦֶһһʺá
˴ú͹˶öһۣ˺ЦܽҲܣ󷽷Ļˣơ
˴ú͹˶ü޵磬ҲˡǻڼʱҲռ޽ܼң⻹ǵһοܽʮָ̾û뵽ɩӾȻһôµŮãǺø
գ˴ú͹˶ÿʼܽ˽һ棬֪ǸùְͷŶ˸顣
Ͽ˰죬˵˽ܽͳһֻɵķΡЦŸܽ˵͸ģָϣֱÿ
ҲǶܽûƾܣлˡ
˴ȥЦǺǵĶԭƵСҲҪģϧͻȻ¾ûϣŴ
Ͳ㶨ˣܽûȥӡ˴֪˼Цŷŵ
һƬ⣬ҲǸļҸƵĶҲ׼ҪǲգǿҪˡ
˴ú͹˶öǸСøǹ̫̫˽ҪδֶϱϹ˼Ҿʣһ磬ϣԵҲǶԹƺܽף
˲ݾܾܽһۺϣ϶ͷ
˴ú͹˶øԴȡһΣ˴õ˶õָ˰ѶŽܽܽЩϥ˱л⣬Ҳ˰Сôл
һϯˣ˼˸ȥ
ܽ͹Ƶ¾ô˵Ļڽ£ӽвµʱ䡣
¶ܼ˵˵˵̡̲ܽļױ֮ǰѾ׼һ֣ھ׼ġ
˼ҵƸǸ׼ļױҲá
ŮǵͷٶǮҲֵá

ƺܽ׵Ϣڴﴫʱò˿ڼ
һŮһѶϱĸֵģһ˶ڶˣ͵ʱһΪԼҶŮȡأ
ڿɺˣ˼ǿǿ϶׳һңһҲûϣʵ̫ġ
ⲻһ죬иӾܵܶҵĶ˵ỰܶզѰ˼ģôܰѹŮ޸ôĹ˼Сӣôܸɵޣѡ˼Ҳ
ӾǼˣһֱȢܽשأûˣɲͿƲ˳ۡ
ܶͷģҲĥˣһ٣Ͱ˸ϳ˴š
ܽû˵£ڵأ
ưѽĵˣ⼸һֱ飬ܽ˹ֽʻĲͼȻе󣬵Ҳܿ
˵ģ˿ʼֽ
ҪܶҵĶܶ࣬˽Ҳ⻨ʱ䡣ľǺμҾ˾ˣǾ仰ˮǮҪԼ׬
Ů£ǸŮμҾ˾˶εĻģÿһ߽߱ǽǶ޵ʮ档
ܽǹ޽ÿ춼ʱ䵽ʲôԵĵطָԼ˾˹ͨҲ㡣
ƽæ£ܼܽǹˣճӰ룬õúμҾ˾ǿֱЦ
ΧæϾæŲü¾ӡ
·ʲôãЩõĶҪáϲý޽ͲЩĶԼھͰѶ
ϵΰʣνס˼żõĶÿ춼ŹƵһһ·ð졣
ϼƻ˳ǰٰʱϤ˻ⷿҲЩ


58 
ܽȻȥǱ, 󲿷ʱ仹Ǵܼǡ
ڵ˵ˣЦǺǵĸ˵ϲܽлվڴһȦ, ɻ󣺡ʯͷ⺢Ӻþöû, ЩҲû
һҲʣǰ, ⺢Ǻþû, Ҳû
ܽùֵ, 뵽ʯͷ, 󣺡֪ʯͷ𣿡
ǶֺͷǸͬļҾͲˡզˣСȥ
ܽͷǣ⺢ӴɺԵʯˣҵʲô¡
ǵǡѰ˼, ̧ͷ˵ɣһȥֺͷĺͬ, 㲻һҵ, һܱϤһ㡣
̫ˣ鷳Ҵ·ˡ
˵û£ȥժΧȹ߳, ܽЦ, Լߡ
ϴӨȥ֪ʲôˣʣܴɩܶɩ, ܽǴк, ˽Сĵ, ͸ˡ
˱߱ģʯͷ
ʯͷǰģ˳ԿŬ׬ǮӹõҲһضȥﲶ㣬֪ôͷ˴˵ĺˮ˷־ʱѾûˡ
дϧܽ˵ʯͷĸʵʵڵĺˣû뾹Ȼô³ʯͷôҪӡϱɥûֵ˲
ܽ̾˿
ϵĿ̫ˡ
ͬͬķЩϾɣס߰˻ӡ
վԼԼһ˼ҵšŵǸӣ˭
ǺһЦ˵һʯһ
ʯң˵ʯͷҰ
ԶԶԣʯͷҡ
ᵽʯͷӾֹһָָͷǼң־͹˴š
һ£ǾǶˣʱ˲õĸо
ܽǻ˼ңţһ举˺˭
⶯˭ʯͷͺһס
ﺰ鷳ţͷŲһͦĸ˿ˣɵĿˡ
˭Ҽɶ
ңɴ۾ָŴⲻʯͷɶʱˣ˭
ᵽʯͷĸɫʲôʯͷңҼҡʯͷʲôˣ
ٳˣҾǰͷϰǰզû㣿
ܽüʯͷأ
ʯͷĶûˣⷿӸǣҼң˭֪ʯͷȥˣ
ʯͷȥˣ˾
Ḿر𵭶ǰһǰûģˡ
Ϣ˻زĵĴ£ǾȻһҲû˵
̧ͷǸν;ͷǸƢֱӶŭƽӣûһҲģ˵ʯͷĶôզҲûʯͷأ㵽Ǹɶģôסʯͷļң
žһλǸСһͻҪǿҲֵҲô㣬Ҽҵ£һ˹ܵ㣡ⷿžǸǣھҵļңϹ¡
ϣִŵ˵ҪʯͷǸȥҰڲ⣬ȥǽǱ߳˵ܼ
˵⻰ֵɴ۾ǾȻʯͷ˳ȥôСôǺúݵģ
С⻰ҪִˣܽǰһѾ͸˸ͷؿ˵һԣ
ܽӸߣҲСС˵һ£Լ򲻹ֲڼңû˰߷ߵسһۣԺһ˴š
ﱻˣܽһ۽յĴţͷ˵Ȼȥɡ
ʲʲôˣͷˡ

¹ȥ˰æôһ£ż֮ǲ֪ɶ
ʯͷȷʵиСӣǸڶġʯͷ̺ˣӸҲû
һǰʯͷΪȥӵžţ˵ʯͷ̴ӦѷǣʯͷߣԼϼҴס˽ȥ
ڶ˹עʯͷҲǿųģһм֣˵ûһһҵġ
վˣҲû¡Ͼ˭Ҳҿ϶ʯͷ̵˵û˵ǻûԤ
ȥһ£ܽͼһȦسѾʯͷӰ
и˵ڰǰʯͷһΡʱСƣõĸŸؤڳһ·Զߣ˵Ѿ˵
ܽʮѹʥĸûżһľ;һʯͷ˵һʯͷӴĶˣ֪һرѵõĺúӡоʵڲӦùôңܰһһѰˡ
ѾҲûʲôˣֻʣᡣ
ܽȥȣƵһʱ͸ܵôˣʯͷһ˵̾ˡ
ȷǸѹ¡
οͷ̶кǰһ£ܴܲʲôϢ
ʯͷӰܽһӣŽת
ʱѾ˻ĿܣݸֶѾ˳
μҾ˾޽ʱвٵ⣬ſ˾ܽզ¡
޲ֿʱ򣬺μҾ˾һأֿǳ˼ܽõôĲֿ
ܽ˾˽ͣѵľʳաڡ͵ĲͬʳĳҲһվƣҪʳܵһƽԭҺҪʳֿ࣬ȻͲܽСˡ
μҾ˾ǰͷû˵ʳһƵʱԴ˸
һ£û뵽ƾȻҪôʳֲòֿҪôˡ
Թϣ
ԺҲľƹˡ
ܽЦЦ͹ưעַ˴ϡ
νˮǾ֮ѪҪƵζãˮʾͺҪ
ⷽܽޱңΪûܵ๤ҵӰ죬ˮˮԴḻʹǵ±ˮҲûܹȾ
ˮ𣬾Ө͸һ泩ʣǰܽȵЩ۸߰ĿȪˮҪúȣƾû⡣
ҪԼˮƺܽ۲˺ܾãصо̣ѡλá
˾쿪ʼ򾮣˿̾Ŵ򾮵ˡ

࣬ϺϵҲʱʱľ͹ȥҪŴְæ
տʼʱܽͰԼ͹δĹ滮ǣر֧֡ϵԹŮԺҪˮ¾˫ͬû¾ܽΣϣɡ
ǰ򾮵ʱ˶ˣҪְæ˵ʲôҲãεֻվһ߹ۿ
ϺϵǮˮ͵˹Ƶĺɰ
⺢˲ǮԺ׹ǮĵطأҲ֪û㡭
ȥɲ̫С
ڼ˼£֮ǰ뷨þͱ˳
ϵһ£һܽڣһ˽һ˵һ
л˵
ϵͳbugûȥ


59 
ۼⶼǽó, ҪûҲۼҽĺӹҪˣи뷨ǽҲ˵
ĸͷӢҲϽл, һ˿Ūô, ̲סŽ
˵ءܴɩͷ, Ҳŵĸ顣
ҴѼĳָ, Ժɻ, ¸ӡ
һȺһ
ԭ°, ԼУø˵һΪɶء
бһۣһǵĳɵǮСһǾС˼أ
ֲܰǸˣǮС˭
תͷ˼һȦһҡҡͷ
ﲻõ, ﶼձСõģٶǮ, СҲõ𡣡ܴɩŴ
ǰ, СЩǮӦõģҪǼҲ׬ôǮ
ϵͷֿӨͷӢ, ûʲô뷨
Өĸһ, ˶Ժ˵ɩ˵ĶԣԼҲôΪ
нӴĶ, ӢһҽĻ, ҲЦԼ̬, ߺԼû
ˣżӶϱ˵ۼ˶СֻǮģ￴οϴϱ˵ģǽģٶǮҲõⶼּģӦô¡ȺɩӣҲǣƾԺǵĺӾͲó׬ǮҲ
ϵһѼ˵ˣȫͷ
оСöôãǣΪɩҲûŻر̫ˡ
ϳһϵЦ£ֳ԰ο˵ܽǻرƣȻȱܽȻ϶ͬ⣬ǰ˵
˵ͷ
ζԻˣܼ˰ѺϵĻģһҲû͸¶ȥǵĿڷܽҲȫ֪£ڼһø
ܽ߼ױѾˣϰõı졢ѡЬںãܽĹϣĥЩӦҲˡ
ͷѾϾɵľ񣬺һʱ䣬ųϵ˵ʱȥȡˡ
ϵԷͷĻѻţţȦϳϰ峵ιʲݣ˸ţȥ⹫ҡ
ǱѾˣ˵ʱμҾ˾Ժͷľͷ˸æš
űͷվſڣźϺϵߵǰˣЦŶ˵ȡİɣ
ǶһͷȻţǰʱӦˣýпգѰ˼ȥ
ˣţȥμҾ˾ת˲ַϵҲȥæ
ϰѸַڴϣֱͷأ
ȥ˴ȥȡľϱȥӱϴ·ȥˡ
һֵǽǴۻ˰ɣ
۵㣬ӰæҲûզءǽôֺأԼҲûۡ
ϺǺЦʲôϻ˵ƻðõĹأ˵ȥܼУæмˡ
ŵͷԺ˵ڱȥæˣԼϾҪˣЩ鰲ˣԺҲʡ鷳ǣ
ףȥҶãڼҲɻżôˣôҲúúЪЪ
ſ˵ˡ
μҾ˾˺ϵѶһ۾ȵô˸ľױ̨
ǺϺϵܽ׼ļױϵģһһ񣬵ȴ
Ц˵:ľҺޣױ̨Ӹġ
Ǹܽױˡ
⡭
϶һ£õĻϺõľģ϶ûǮ̫ˡ
ͱˣ⺢ӴСͿۣԼľ㶫ͲɶⶼǵһƬ⣬ûвܵ
μҾ˾Ȱţ⹫ʱպýԺʱ˳ָĲݣǸŮֲǸģףϽ´ȥɡ
⹫˵ˣϼЩЩЦеҾ潿ˡ
⹫˵˾񻰣תȥˡ
ϵͺϻܽʱһԼôôҾߣ
ϰ⹫ͺμҾ˾ױ¸ܽ˵ͷҾߣͷܸж
˶ôãĸ

ˣưѹҲ˻ܽվǰ棬ϤֲϤһУż
ִʱõĶִĻе豸ǰЩԭʼľƹߣûôʹù
Щö࣬ʹ÷Ҳ֮ͬܽ΢Ūһ¾ĵ
ָЩһһΪƽͣ˳Ҳ˵˴ŵƾ̡˵ָżڴ˵ҪʳȻٽʳƵ̯ʱüͷ
Щôˣ
û˵ܽе̶˵˲˵Լ뷨
Ҳ֪ƾҪô飬ʹЩȫƱҲҪۡҪôĻɼԣҵ˼𣿡
˵ĺ棬ܽЦˡ
Ƹ磬ЩҶĿľҪӣôԼࣿЩƵĻ˲˵ϸңҲҲ
ô˵ƾͶˣˣ
ܽͷ
ϷϿɱʳ۶ˣûŰЩĻǲġ
ʹ۲ֻۣҲæҪ͵ġ
˼ҲܼһˣͶ̫٣עæ
ƲЩֻҪ۶˵õѡйԼû뵽£ƶЦЩС£ͷҾȥ⡣
ܽЦ¡
κһĿʼҪͶӣڹˣ滹ҪʳǮģԺͺˡ
˶˿ҲûҪǮ¡
ܽҪǻκһˣ϶ҲҪ᲻Ǯԥ£ҲֻйƲŻˡ
ܽƶЦЦѱ紵ҵķ˿ڶ˵
ļƾڰ£Ϊ֮ǰʹ򷿡أƸǼ̵ӡǸ˸עĶ˵Ҫˣš
ǰΰ鶼ιҲĻ
ĸˣ͸ƽĸ
ĸͷһԸӣһֵܣ֮ǰӱĵطӻӹģͷûʣɶˣԪҲûиһֱΪ
ǰһҲϣ˿ǸɻҲʵͽģͰ˴˹⡣
ƿʱ϶ЩźͲ֪롣е˵ǸʶһЩСǰƵͷ˸ãľѧ
ĸ˶Һ񱾷ֵˣǵıҲܿ
ǿ˼֤ǵͷʹвС
ĶᵽɤۣЦ˵ͦõģͷ˴Լͱ鰴ӡ
͢ɷ涨Ӷһǩ˱飬ԺͲй¶ҵ顣иҵģҪй¶˼ҵطҪȥʮ壬ûˡ
ǶҵһֱҲ֪һ㣬ܽŷĹæ
˸˵ݱҪԣĸ׵ĵͷͷӡ
ǶǱˣ㲻ǩҲ˵
Ҫæι͵ҲǳʳҹܣܳڸɣƸıĸ˲Ͷˡ
ƽ¸ʱҵȥ˵¾͸һ䡣


60 
Ѯ, Ϻ͹ưᵽ·
ǰ첻˹ȥְæϵܴҲţȥ̧˶ܽȻ棬ǹԹԴ˼
ΪϾҪޣ͹Ҳûټ档
ܽڼҵ, Ϲ˼, ĸͷӢҲ˼ҡ
һһ˼Χתһ, һһǸ, ġ
м˰æѹ, ܽʲôҲóÿͻʱֶӡֶŮ, Եģ档
ӶС֪Ҫˣֻг˵С¡
СܽչõֶӣĸҲԼ˽͵͵ĿһСۿظܽߡ
ܽСģѹĽ, ƽԵĳʳԴúö, οԼֻǵ, Ժѧѧ˾͹ȥ
ֶӻдˡ
ܹĵĳﱸһֱҲûÿոŮ˵˵֪ĻʵҲ룬ÿԼæת, ܾŮڼٴ, ֱ׵ǰһϿûʱˣŽݡ
ʱ˵ʲô
󲻹ǽܽԺúù, Ѵ˵˾ͻ, һֱڡ
û˵ܽᡣ
Űο, Լȿ˳ûסĸŮﱧſһ
ϸĨĨᣬԼҲ˲۽ǡס֮ǰĳ¸ܽ
ܽ±ӣˣʲô
ɵӣǮ͸á֮ǰƻôǮӦҲûˡҪʱ䣬޹ȥһʱҲʱǮͷҲ᷺Щ
ܽҪֱӲ˵ҺѾˣͲٶ˵¾ˡ
ԣܽûƴǡ
볡ֿ̫ףȻ£ԺƷļǡ
ˣͷ˵˺þõĻӻͳһСӣĴͷҲǴˣ˾Ǳ˼ҵϱ˼ҵõ϶ҪָһŮģⱾúÿҲ˵ˣҵĽܶ
ܽĶʲôˣ˲ͺЦȥš
ǱСܽҲûֱʰһ´˯ˡ
öٿ

Ҳͺҹʱ컹û
ԺСڽܽЩԺ۾ԼԼͷŵ
⹫źͺμҾ˾ǵˣһ˴ţ߽ԺѹʺϽûϲ֪ܽˣûѣ⹫ǽȥ
ͷϵҲ·ˣһյƵ͵ƣ⹫Ǵкͼţȥܴһҡ
⶯Ҳ󣬲ԼĪǴҶûô˯ܴɩҲ½ˡ
ȥݽˣȻ󼸸˾ͷŲʼˮ緹
ܽˣ֧ӴӴ˼߳
һ￴˶ͷſˣԺﶸȻæҡϽܴǰѼױԺ̧Լȥ׼õĻӺͲˮ
ŶһˮܽȥܽеĽţͷʼϴ
ϴܽص˷䣬µĴɫȹ
ĸͷָһ﷢١ȡ͵ֻθϣǶ
ױ̨Ϸ֬Ϳ֬ܽǰҲûôáϾǴϲӣָմȡһЩ˼£΢ĨһЩ
ˣ˵һͷ˽ӡ
ܴݺܶݣΪ˸ͼͻˣЪңոܶһԺ
ܸܽˣ˵ֽ£ܴݺܶЦſ׷
ܽЦЦôûӣ˵ºӳû͹Ƶ¡
æµˣܼԺҲˡ
ںϵк³緹Ժױ
ֵĴˣеĽԺӣеվͷܽһ̧̧ױݰڵ˴ſڣϵĽһֱûͣ
ʱ쵽ˣܴܶߵܽļױǰ
һױϻϷһһߵϷԼޱΪܽױΧ۵ٴνͷӶ
Ͻݸܽһ£һжʰ˶ָ˺ͷ
ܽЩţͷſڣȻ˷ܵĽк
߱ͷڵһƬɫʲôҲֻܴܿݺܶݸת
ڴ߿ͷܶݹЦܽ˵š䣬ܴݾͰѽһƴӴŷˣ
Ժﴫ˹ƵЦܻܽЦ۾
Ͽŷӭ׵ĶԺƺϲҲӡ
ϲ˵һͨ黰̡
ܽ͹һϵͺϿͷϵͺϵͷ˺۾ǿŲڶһŤͷùƱܽߡ
ܽƱܶɩܶͻȻޣﺰŹùòߣСֱȻҪܽȥ
ܶɩҴҳȥﱾͲܣôһ
ܽʪۿƱֽ˽ƫͷοԺؾͻ
ܽĲӵ˵ͷ˳˽ӡ
ӱ̧ˣֵܼҲǿѹ̧˼ױϡ
ϵͺϹ˴ţţһҰæտһȥˡ
һãҲû˼ʱ
·ԺѾ˱ͣӵ󼤶ĺСڵŹƣ
ſڵȼܽϲǣŴӽ˻裬ȥ
˼ǰд⹫⹫ǸԷĽ̸
ʱѾˣϼۺᡣ˸ĳ֮£ܽ͹ưá
ϲ˽˶ͷһĶ͸ȥ
ֺϲͯ˴ܽڴϣֻ˺ͷ
˻
ܽ¶ͷƵıֵǿһɩҲ̫ÿ˰ɣ
ܽʣĨ֬Ե촽ɫѣڴЦӯӯĿŹƣƯŲۡ
ЦرģһֵĽһҡ¹ƣи
˵ţͷϯˡ
ˣֵҲҺֶŹ˵ȥԾơƿܽͻȻ⵽統ʱ飬˵ȥԼͳȥ
ֵĶϣ첲ƱӲӲקĳ˹ơ
Σ߽ϢһͳԵġ
ܽһҲԽȥɡ
ƳЦ£תץסԼݵһܣĺӣһЦųȥȾˡ
ͷܽڴЪһͷţվ˽
СЦǺǵĿֹţŵһϣƱȺСӲסˣҹ͵ԵġҲһ죬ǳԲʲô̫Ķ͵һ棬΢ЩӣЩʱٳԵ㡣
СºͣЦҲůȻˣһӶûУܽĸоС
ܽЦ£Сõл˿ӣתͷʹСóûУ
СûԼԹˣԽ֮͡ǰû˶ףܾò̤ʵȻֶ֪ϲ˲ˣԼûۼܾûף¶ԷǸġ
һˣȷʵǸ¿˵ĺùԺ϶ܸƺúùӣ۹û
СţܽҲԽԽϲִͷժһӣܽͷϡ
ܽæҪժСö˵Ҿ͹һֶӣС󶼺۰ԺΨһֶϱСҲһ۰㡣Щţֵ䣬͸ôЩɫĶţҪƯƯģԼҲá
СõһܽЩ⣬Ҳ׽Щ
ϻӴ˾ղסСֵǹ˼˿٣ԺҲ˹⺢ǸϸصģԺóڴɩºΪƣǸܺõˣԺ϶ҲֻԸĶ̫ԺڼзҲעЩƭȥ
С˽ЩˣΨһĶӣϣԺܹĺͺģھ̲סཻ䡣Ÿܽ˵ˣ¾ۣٳ¡
֮ܶСöԹҲǲġ
ܽҲˣڴϰСø˵
С˵˺ܶ࣬ȵע⵽͸һʱ̲סԴˣЩҲһʱƫƫڸ㽲Ե㶫ûԺá
ûϵģѾԱˡлСý˵ô࣬ⶼΪǺãһĵġ
⺢СϲҪڲ㣬СöҪضԶش졣ˣϢɣʱ仹ء
ܽ˵ãС˳ȥ
ͷͳϯæ֣ܽеˣڴߺ۾
һ˯˲֪ãʱͷѾˡ
ͷѾ˺ֻܶ࣬мڳšϽݸܽ˸ԣϯɢˣϵͺǸղѾȥˡ
ܽͷڲҹ·Ҳȫ
˳ȥԼֹһʱңɢԺع
ûżʰԺĶͰѷ˷һ£Լȥϴ˰ľͻϢˡ
ҹˮܽϴڴϣŴⲻ֪ĵͽУһԺԾĻ⣬˫ֽһҧ촽
ƽӣҵˮڵϣܽߣҪҪٳԵ㶫
ܽҡҡͷ˵ԼԱˣһ·һʪ⣬ϴˣ
Ƶͷϴģоζ㲻ϲ
˺ܶࣿ
ã̳
̳ࣿΪ㻹·
¹ƺȶҡһ߲·Ļ棬̲ܽסЦˡ
û˵ܽͷöԼ˫ЦݽСˣŲһ¡
ϴϴ𣿡
ϴˡ
ƻͷ˵ƣڰ֮жضȵĺ
Ъ°ɡ
ҹأץȰ¡
л˵
ƣҲ·һܸɱ


61 
Ƿ´, Ӵ͸ܽϣ̵Ժ۾
ưԼһ˴ʣ§, ˯
ܽȫ, ãôһʹи, ˻һ, оܵĽ
̧ͷ, ʵ˯ɢȥ, ĵĿϴǸ⣺𣿡
ƾܽһֱԼʱûôʹû뵽Ū
ܽģһͺˡŤͷ, ʲôʱˡ
ƹһ£Ӧûûʱ
Ҳ, ڵʱպܳ, ޹ĵһٲ跹һúú
ܽţ֧첲Ҫȥֻסһת, ְץԼ
ͷһ, ƸϽ粻ڣż緹, һ˯˵
ܽһ, ʹƷϲȥĶˣԼ¸ĵһٲ跹ô죿
ư°͵Դ, ˵ﲻЩأԼ˸ڵһӣȥǽˡ
֪ܽˣ·ôԼ˯һԼڣҪȻôʱγȥ
뵽⣬ܽ壬ٱ˯СڱﻮһȦ˹Ӳĸϡ
ܽĻ棬̲סļϴ¡
ָǰˡ
忡ϴΣ߬ס֣ˣһҪƲסˡ
;ʢôһƾÿҪ
ܽջ֣۾һ˯
ƿЦãڻǳһ˯ˡ
˯˰ʱңˡ
ãߴߴУת죬ܽҲźá
ѱӵܽǰٵĸԼ˸٣ױϻóܶǸϣžСЦ£˳ȥ
ϣһֱֱܽϡ̧ܽڵ۾ԼԺļҡ
⻹һ֮ǰǵȥһֱŸͷסԷطûʲô
۵һɾͥԺԺһïʢĹԶһˮ
ܽס⣬᷿СһЩ޽Ҳʮġ
ŹţԺϯĶˡڶ᷿Աߣܽ߹ȥͷĹƸպˮ
̰˯ˣԺĶһˣ϶˲ۡ
ˮ¶ȣͷЦҲûʣٶˣӦðæ
ܽɻ󣺡˭
ǽȥˣסڣϿ˼ݡ
ھӦò
ܽͷ˵ҪúøлһǣͷЩʳ͹ȥ
˵ãܽպõˮϴ
ﻹвյĲˣϰѶ˿Ĳ˶ˣĶǺòˡ
һֱںȾƣܽԵҲ࣬ڶеˡ
Щ˶ˣܽһ£˵˺г˼˿ѰһȦҵ״Ҩ˵״˿ࡣ
ղˮûϨҲܽٷջ˿˸㹽ͺܲг˿
ܽйƳȥȣҡҡͷ
ܽƱ뵽ȥκܽȥһԱ߰ݸʲôġ
һ緹۵ģǵЦûȥӻˣЦʽ˯ûУ
ܽӹӣ΢죬ŵ㲻˼ĸ˵Լ˯ˣзϽ緹
ȻѾԹˣĻȥһ㡣
˿ͷһ飬˳ζʮ㡣ϳһھͿܽպã˵ԼϲζܽЦŻ˵ԺԼ
˿ͷϸ˰룬ʣµĶһڽһںȽ˶ӡ
˳ԱˣϴˢƺܽܽļױֵǮʣµĶ档
ưܽѡѸѡЬͽס᷿ܽߵСղˣôס᷿סأ
Ҫסģ˵᷿סϲ
ô˵ﶼ׷סŴ䡣ܽƿ϶ǾܾģȻڻס᷿ǿ϶Ļá
᷿Ҳû̫࣬ûҪڷһˣܽ룬˵һٸһӣѴ̵ģ˯Ҳ
Ƶͷ뵽һ£ǣԷһȡһľϻʮӡ
֮ǰ򷿻һٶʮʮۼеӶǰΪ˾һҴƭǮûаȫǮǮңתܣҰ˽ǮҲһһЩ
ܽԭΪڼѾûǮˣû뵽ô࣬ʮ־ȡ
Ƹ⼸ûܰ
Ȼûж٣⡣ԺЩǮܣ֬ˮۻʲôǮպ󻹻׬ġ
ƾǮĲ࣬Ҫǽٴԣͽɽȥ׬Ǯˡ
ܽЦ£ӹİóʮӡ
Ƶɻܽ˵ʮǵƸܼҵƸϵͺһûҪȫΪ޲˻ƹסˣָܽ˵Լܼĳ¡
ѻ˵꣬ƷӦã̲סЦˣЦһļãԭ˷ǮҲ㲻ʲôˡ
ܽװ°ͣͷҲЦˡ
ʮӣְǷһ𣬹ľϻЩǮгþˣȻǮҾһúùܡȻ֮ǰﱸ⻨˲٣ԺˣǮԽԽġ
Ƶͷܽ˼ӣùƴȥ
ƴߵСţСŹ˼һСԺӵ̵ĺŽӡ
ɾռҲܴΪûţԭеĮ̇ﻹûð
ܽһȦߵǰͷӵĴšƵϻ˲˼ŵһ־ֵļС
Сߺ·˵ʼͯĻЦԼָļȫӿܽĶȻ£ʮֵ֡
ܽ˾ͷվſ˷ܵϿ
һֵķӶǰլĲ֣˼Ա߾μҵݡμſڷ˼ӣвٿǳ档
Ƶ棬ͷͼܽĴкӴ˼ֶŮ緹ûУҪҪ棿
ܽĿ⣬۾ⲻ֮ǰȥŵǼݵϰ
лӵĺ⣬ѾԹˡǰˣ
˰ˣǰڶǱӣ˴뱲ӵ强ھ
ܽ˵˾乧ϲЦеһżУΧȹϲ˲ֵļ⼸ȫģɶ򵽡ʱ򻹲ϵĲ˶ţֶŮҪ˵Ļȥˡ
ˬ죬ֶŮֶŮĽһҲܽУС
Ҳȥ䣬Զ˵ԼϾȥ
תӹţܽ͹ƸϴкСӳŹ伯ȥˡ


62 
ϵĲ˺, һ·Ĺ䣬Ҳ˲١
ܽʣĲһ£ڽĲ˸ƹˡ
һôȥܽϴڴ, ͹, ȴڵϣϨ˵ƻ, ֱ
û, ֻǳ

ܽԼױ̨ǰ, ⼸ϵ, ̲ס˸¡
˿Ŀ£ܽҪڹƵϰִļƲÿĲһˡ
һʰˬرгͷܽԹĿ̲סЦˡ߹һ, ʰˣҪҪЪһ
ܽ̾˿, Ѿ˳ʱ, һڼҵˡ
׼õľǣҿһ£ҪҪȥЩ㣿
ܽҡͷá, ԸѾ, ЩˣٸСǴǳԾ͹ˡ
ͷţ, Ժﺰǳ, ܽžӴһɫľ, ţ
ݳϺһţҡŶ߳֡
ܽŵӣϺϵӹˣڼˡ
˸СڴſڣһţӰվǰȥӭ
ܽĵغţ˽˺ϵĻͷѳǮˣŶˡ
Ϻϵ˻ˣ˱ͷվŸϽԺֳԺﺰһܴȫ˳
Χһȵ˵һϰѹĶݸܴɩܴɩǰ׼Ļ˳
ܽ˼СֶӣϵŹƽ˵ϸܽʹ˸ɫ֪ܽĸһݡ
ʲôҲţСҿһͨɫûʲôõķˡ
⼸治̹ϵ·סĻϰ߲
ûвõģסҲûвϰߣΨһ̫ˡ
ϱһ仰ĿŭŵģЦһۣǼ˵Ĵ˻˵ȥҲߡҲ㣬Ҫ˾͵˵һȥ㡣
ܽͷ⼸һж⻹˳𣿡
֣أͷûʲô£Ҳ˳㲻ڣĸⶼɩץţϸģһҲû
˵꣬һ£սܽС˵û£ǵǷһ¡˵϶ţǸˣ
ˣܽԾصɴ۾Ϣ̫ͻȻˡ
ܼңôͻȻˣ
Ҳ𾪵ģֻʣ˵ԵɣǸѾĺʵģѾ߸һʹӵĺӡ˵ǰ²֪ôͱ˳ҪɱǸѾߣȴִбʹӸ¾ˡ
ܽһһ㶵ģȻôѪ
ǸʲôϵѶѺμҴˣôҲμҴ̳Ϲϵɣ
ᵽϾǲ㡢ֳǸѾԼò˺ãͷҲץˣкޣȫͺϡ¶Ѿ߸˵ģҲ֪ʲô˾Ȼ˵Ҫǡ
һ˵˺óĻͣ´˿ּ˵㡢ڸ޺ŸԼ飬ҴӦֻҪǻΪʱʮӣͲǷǻؼҡûôǮͻؼҪˡ
ܽЦʱǵˣҲ룬ôǮ
ǰ̸ûôǮҲͱ͸ģ͸ȥ취ɡ
ܽ˵Դ֮ǰμҴ̵֪޾֮ϵͺ¹ǸﲻΪᡣ
ֺ̯ӶǰǷծڼϴ棬أиͻȻš
ܽü
˵̹ӵģ˾˲֪ͺҪ˶ʮӣԼиݵ£̽ӻؼȥ
ܽĴһվķζըˡ
Ķأ
Ѿˣ¡
Ѿˣλֲ˾˴Ǹְɥĸͺţүһʮ壬ءҪǽһҲǱ
³ܽ³һüôҲңҺôҲܰæ⡣
̾˿ֹû㣬ҲûߡҪţǻ˵أǵġ
ܽһûú³ȻԲˡ
Ƕգûģ춼ǡ
ܽͷϲٸ˵Щ£˵¡
һӵĲˣ˳극׼ȥʱСꡣ
ϳǵͣߣܽ͹ƱܼϢһ󣬰ϵţ˼ҡ
ϵڹ˼˻ѧѧ˾ͽСһؼˡ
Ͽ꣬ܽһ·ȾϷ纮һˮϴ衣ܽһȦַͳ˼ӣ·ûͽ
˼ֱڹ˸˼ŷϳ˷ŻʰԼ
ƸľͰﵹˮܽһ˴ϡƸͷԼϴҲЪ
ܽѽ֪˵ˣĲˣû뵽޼˶ôƣ뵽֮ǰĴ޾㣬ʱ
˼޼ҵ£Ĭزᡣ
ܽԼҵ⣬˵ٹĹ˾͵ˣʱվʱ䳤˽ѣҪã滹ҪЩЩ
֮ܽǰͺ͹ԼԺҪʲôƵ⣬˾һǣԺվơ
վƾǵܽϵǸʳƣߣڸҾƵһ֡
վƵԭкܶ࣬ҪľܽվΪϤƷҲܱ֤Ϊǰҵxxƾվƣζͬ￰һ
ܽվⷽԼĶطվζ϶ãⷽҲܼġ
һҪԭҲҾơ
ϵ˵ģɶǺ˾˾ù񫣬Ķˮƽ桢Ȼζͬڿڸкõǰ£ƾǵԽŨԽá
үǾһ飬¶úȳӦǸ˻ģƵб仯ܸˮʱһ
ܽЩľƣơƾơʻʲôģЩأջǾվơ
վҪʳԭϾǸβǴסС׵ȵȡܽޱңΪסȲ۸ǱˣչҲỨ̫ࡣ
ԪָĲ࣬󲿷ֵĸҲѾҾ£ɢչ̫Ѿĸȴ̫
ǰƤӸ̶ӹϵУύ˲ѣʱǻ˺̶ϵرĶĶУһƾʹ㵽̶
ѾҪõʳӸŴ磬ʳӦҲ⼸쵽ȥ
á


63 
˳, ϵʱһ󣬰ܽһҹ˯رá
ʱܽ˳˵ߦ棬ڹһ, ˸±, 緹һ˳һˡ
Ƴȥ£ܽͷϰѼʰһ, ϴҲȥˡ
һҪȥ, ȻסﲻѼ, ֲ˻ûġǹ˼ҷӺͷôһյ, ܽòֲʵ̫ϧˡ
ܼоڼǰҲûдԼҲ԰ժ˳ķʵݡĸܽһһҪֵʲôˣ͸ųš
˺ܶ࣬ɫĲҲСѼ۸ˣܽͷҪ, ûһʹˡ
ȥ㶹̯ܶλڶֵϵطֺͶͬķеԶ, ܽͷҲûҪ, һ·߹ȥˡ
ܶرã̯ǰΧ˲ˡ
ܽͷ߹ɩŽһ۾Ϳ, ֺܶ
ܸܶ, ֪򶹸ģ͸װĿ顣ܶҪǮ, ǲռҲԲô, ̯ǰ˺˺һŸǮװ鶹ߡȥܼǿۺ, ܽϲŻ˼ҡ
ƻˣ˳緹ͽ˺ԺءһӵС·ʣµĿյض˲ˡֵĲ˶ܽģƹϡӡǳɼͲȱ˳ˡ

꣬ҪæҲ͸һ䡣
ƹ͵ĳţʳҲڱ͵
ƴĸ˰ʳֿźã˸ɻһҲ͵һʱж˼Ļ
ȷʵʵϸɵˣܽһԿҲġ
ˣĸе޴վԭءͷһμܽʱﻹеǸദĸԺǵӲù
ܽϢǵ˼ˮǺ˽ʡ
ܳĽӹȥܽл
ܽЦ£ǵλôҲ˳ҲûʲôǼȻǩԼԺӾͷλɻˡ
漰Լطܽòٶ˵䣺ҺڵգȻǻӴƷżλ϶˵ȥϾ˭ԼأҶΪ׬ǮңҲΪǣҲǲҪʲô˼ӻţˡ
һλȻôǣҲ˵ķǳĿˡĸǳ£Ϲô˵ң̬ܽģ˵ԼԲ˵ȥ
˵ˣóԿ״ӣԼ˵һӣסһպùͷһʳͲˣԺԼͿˡ
ٶͷ̫鷳ƺܽɴ;ԼԼͳʲôĹҲǿ
ԼܳԱˣĸǾϹҾ
ܽ͹ƶЦһ£ʰȥ쿪ʼơ
һҹȥܽ͹ɻҲ˹æưѸǴʳ£͸ܽһ˲ֿ⡣
ֿĸʳָͷľֹܳ
СþƣĹСһһٽʳĹİٽܽŽĹƣת˼ȦѡϾͽᡣ
ƵĵһҪʳʳ֮ǰϴҲǸ󹤳̡
ܽ˼ľ裬ż˰ʳľϴ峺ľˮܿͱɫ
һҪϴβϴɾﵽŹĦܽСϴְ˹ȥִûʳϴˣܽ˲֪ٱ
Ҳ࣬ܽͷٶЩܽ״ĬĬӵ˷ϸǰһϴһ衣
Żһʱʱ䣬İٽʳϴɾˡ
һϴͽ˽Ƶĸ߳˶ܽ
ܽȵȼһڹԼʾʳܺãеĹûиɱܽʳͷˮ͸ˮó׼õʳд
ȥ˰ʱܽƿĸʳȷûмͰʳʼᵽý̯
Щ˵ɣʵѾķ˿ʱˡҪʱ䣬̯ҲҪյܽ˿ʼҪڻʼĻͱ˯ˡ
һʼȻղſܽʾҲģģ˸ӡ廹Ҫָܽӡ
ܽһ⿴һǼһ£һһæת
õʳȴˣܽ˾
ܽ׼ģҲøΪԭϣˮƳɵǻͼ˵˾һù
æһͿ׷ˡ
˷ͷֹΧۣƸ׷ڷƴĶӼұʳŽոףܽ渲һ󿷣ס׿渲һ࣬׾ǽķڡ
ľúܳ
пָܽƵС
һһ̯ܽȻúۣæҲǳ𾢡һһ߸ǽƵעʦͽһ档
̫ɽϡ
ĸʳڶˣʰܽץԣϲֿţ͹ơ뿪
þûôɻһܽҲˣ˼˿ڷմ˯ˡ
Ƹˮְϵ£ͷ˯ۻˡĵԼøϽѧᣬʱͲýȥˡ

ܽڶôæµһĹơ
ҲǸɵģûԼһֱɻķڽĸϣΰѿ¶ȣһһϡĸˣͲԼѹؾˡ
ҲͶأܽ͹ÿ첻·ȥӭɫ߻ؼҡ
ԭһȥͱǸ˼һǲۣļû˲ȫ
һһ죬緹ҲͷһԣֵǮĶڼҲĲ¡ҲŸɿڵķˣǾʹӦ˼
Ĵ̴ƮﶼʳʱԱߵס֪ڽ˸ƵСû¾߹ǽյģҲʲôֻ֣ͷ˲涼õʲôʳ
һԿףƺܽһѣʣһѸ
󣬱¶Ҫף˲ʱƾ£شҲܡ
ſˣΨй¶˷ӣܽ͹Ƴ뿪ţʣµʱ䶼ѴŽţϻźѲҹ
ôϸĵĶܽ͹Ҳûһġ
ȥһܣѧƣҲˡ
ܽԶ֣һָѹءѾȫģеʱǣܽûˡ


64 
ֿʳȥ˴, ʳˣܽͲټˡ
һѾ˲٣ҲҪʱ䡣һ͵＾ʱȥʱ, һҲˡ
ʱð˲ٶ, ټϼãǮϻܿû
׬Ǯ, ֻζȷܡܽ̾, ǮϻӷŽƫƧ, Űӳ˷š
ܽûȥ, ѧˣǱ߶ŰѹҲòܽȥÿֻƣǼҲæĹ
ܽСŽ˺Ժβ԰ﳤĲݡ֮ǰֵĲ˶ѾˣָС˱ۣϲ, ž˸ˡ
ܽŷϰһ԰ժзŵ, ϴɾ, ܽӳ⡣
ǰʱⷽ㣬ֱӵ֣ƹһкСѾˣͲ鷳˼, оڼſ, Ҳ֮ǰѾĶȥ
ٿܽΣ¥⼸Ѿζ¥Ĵѹû, ܼҲѾԵԼΪܼҲ¸еʮֺڡ˿ܽܲ, ʱһ, æͷ˵
ܽЦһҲûٳ˵εĻûŹǣ
ŹûˣǻһЩܽóҲ٣Լװ˼װ£ϸⲻǣ˵ԼĿദ˸
ܽ΢ЦûܾŰģЦǺǵظ˵´ĿܽԶˡ
þûԴˣܽڻ·˵ˣ˴ǣƻûԺŵɹ˵
ܽùϴֳԷԼʢһ˺͵˸ڡ
ڵҲ÷ܽĲЦˡ
ԺŵˣҿڵˣҪȻһ붼ȥˣ
ܽЦѲ˸ǳȳԣԼתҪȥϰȻһԼհڽӣܽȥҲա
гһҸ¡
ܽųʳȥִųʳ뵽ԼûʱԱţһңڼھһңʮָ̾Լĺˡ
õھӣԺҲһˡ
ܽղö˵ϵĽӰҲٷ˶ûٳԣʱӡ
ˢ꣬ܽʰϴͽӡ
ԷűӣܽʱЦˣ߹Ϸʵʵ˭ҵСϱ
ԶͣˣǰһʲôûڿӦûʲôˡ
ЦһͻȻܽԼһһķ˴ʴ˵ƣܽڴϾŸƨɣûͱ˸ѹˡ
һҹ˯òѵͦ硣
ԼĪǺҹʱܽ˰ָһءһ˫ƽ·ʱôɾʹˡƲ֪ƣ룬ڵºߺģ۽Ƕ˵ᡣ
ˮ˽ӣķƣϵϴ裿
ȥ˷˾ͿʼæԺ¡
ȥˣͷҲ𽥴Ӷ
ǰͷ̯СߺȣԼӲ԰˳
ʱˣŻǹû˲ô¡˹һ䣬̲ס͵͵һ¡
Լ緹ͼС˸ܽ˹
С޵·ǲҪˣϲĽŲݡ
ܽһ˯˺þãı֮ǰ׺컹ҪԺ۾ͷѾˡ
ܽһ£æ·ѱӵǰͷͷ˳
ŸӣЦǺǵ˵緹ڹˣһǵó԰
ܽһлաЦŻȥˣ˿
뵽ҧҧܽˮϴ
ˬúܣûʪĸоӦǹƸϴˡ
еɫ
ܽǣ緹
ͷǸ죬ܽϴѣְѼıóɹһϵͷĹϣӱϵĺܽӺͷҲûѹ䡣
ŰӰѱƽܽ˵һʰһĸȥˡ
ǰܽȥܼһˣлкϸɩӢϲˣܽһֱŹȥûʲô£ӳˡ
ȥǸһ⣬ܽ÷ģӿһʱˡ
ⶫɩ˵ϲԡ
ܽСװһСǮӹ˵÷Ž˿ⶫŲۣ治ˣҪʮһءȥ˵ӣܽȥҽݡ
мڿĸǸ˰̧ͷЦˡ
Сզˣ˵ɫһ䣺Ķˣ
ûûУɩġأ
ĸ⻹вҲѲָָһͷͷҩء
ܽ˵֪ˣֵĸæɣȥɩˡ
ĸӦһܽƿӽ˼ҩӡ
ӢűǱ߿߼ҩأ˷鱾Цˡ
СôˣĶвˣ
оҽģʵĻһ
ûУǰ˵ɩϲˣ㡣Ӽˣһл𣿡
ӢԼҲˡ
£ûʲôõġȽӳҲҲϲûϲ֮ǰһ
ܽЦˣǾͺã˵СֶӻСֶŮǸĵģԺ϶һТ׵ĺúӡ
ӢЦܽӳҩζ΢üͷﶼǸ˼ҩʲôҩζУɩû𣿡
ǰЩ磬ǾһЩ߰Ķŵ²лġ
ûϵģﰾĶǲҩûкֲֻȶûӰġ
ܽ˵ͷ
С
ˣҸ㿴ɡҲһˣ˵ʲôϢأ
Ӣָܽûܾ֪ԼϲŲŸûá
Ӣȷʵܽϵûϲ
ҲżˣŸոռˣôϲݺͻܽкǳ¡ƽҲҪעر壬Ҫ̫ĶҪעⱣů
ӢְҵַˣܽЦȡһ÷
Ӣ˵ˣ÷һڣɫƽĳˡ
ܽü𣿡
ãܿθ
ܽһӵĶݸ
÷ûɩԡ
Ӣˣĸ˿겡ƿӽˣöǺһл
ӢҪ緹ܽæ־ܾˡ
һһҪȥʱͳˡɩϲƽҪעϢЩ¾ͽĸɣ֪Ҳġ
ܽЦҪˣô˵Ҳûһ·͵·ڡ
ܽʱ򣬹ʳˣȶţԼյߣЦлһ˿ֺá
ܽбһۣͷϵ͵͵Ц
˯ûУ
ĺ踣˯͡
Ҳ£˯˾ͺáĸȥˣ
ܽĸоģͷ
ȥˣɩͦõġҰ뿴ǲϲء
ܽЦһ£ưָĶϣһͽĺӣǾ̲ס
ͷһŬġ

յģܱܲôɧ
л˵
Ϊϼӣ13£ҿԵ14һ𿴡


65 
ܽŹȥһʳ, ص˵ͷǼæԼȥ˷
ڻ·ָһ⣬ﻹ֮ǰƴĲˡܽ˼⳴˼Сˣüһϲ˵
Ҳ, ѹյĹˢһ, ʮӣʳͳ
˵ͷƮ, ɻļ˶òĲˡ
Ķұڹ, ˵˴ҿĽ, ȻȢôõϱⷹʳ, һûԾ֪ϣ
ƺܽҼӣ˸һԷһദˣҲҸ˵ϼ仰
ұǼõģҲСġԹܽķˣʵ̫óˣ˿̲̾סԹô˵
ʹ˸, ˼Ҳ˵
ұڨڨı졣
ƿЦ˵˾û£ұ˵ҲĽԼ, Ȣôõϱ˴ˡ
ұЦ, ͷܽǳԷ
ұԵ㣬뵽˵ִŵӸܽ˵
㣬굽ǰͲɻ᲻̫ϧһ㣿
ǩ˳ɻҲز˼, Żɻ, Ǯ̤ʵ
ұҲģҲܽ, ʳ, ڲŸ·, ＾šҪͲˣ·Ҫ׻Ǯ
ɻùǳԺȣ಻㰡
ܽЦˣΪǻԼǣҪ˱͵黬ģͲ֪ȥˡ
Ҳڿǣʱٵ˵ٳСˣҺúţҸҰ⡣
æ˵ңⶼӦ£զҪǮأ
ÿ׻أʱƾҲ١
ЦˣܽкǳԲˡ
˵ͷԷ뵽ǲǸײĳܽ͹ƴǻòãжϡﻩģҪΪ˸Ч
ٷܽ¾ġ
ʵ֮ǰҲ£ֻʱһֻȰվáڵһվѾʼͣҲܺúˡ
＾ƶļԭġ
˵㣬Ĳơʵ̫ˣ¶ȸﲻ͵Ҫһߣճʳڳ״̬̯¾ͻʱϻʾͻ͡
Ҳʱ¶ȹͣҲﲻ͵ҪƵѼھǴĵһǸŴĩˣڶҲӦ＾
վҪ󷢽͵ʱ䳤ǻкܶûôķڵġ
ͱ׾ơ
׾ڶֻҪҵķʱ䣬͸ˣһ͹
׾ƵþͶˣСһˡ㡣ζվƺŨңҲˣŮ˼ҵϲ
ԪѾ׾ƵĴˣܽûһЩ㡣ͱ׾ƾƾζеأǷ͹ȵԵʡ
׾Ʒ͹Ⱦƾζ̫أ͵Ĳλζζֻ᲻㡣ҪҲ࣬һݺõ׾Ҳô׵ġ
Ȼ׾ƲǶ⣬ܽҲ볢һ¡
ϾһվƵĿյ̫ˣЩʱ䲻Ҳ˷ѡҼֻﻹǺܽƵġ׾Ȼûվ׬ǮҲһ룬СҲ⣬ܽ
˵£ƼûǾʹӦˡ
ֻҪ¾ȥҶ֧㡣վƾվƣ׾ƾ׾ƣҪʲôҾȥԡһ죬Զó
ܽжŹһۡ
ЦĺᣬǲҪȥˣ
ܽ˵ͷҪŴף۸ȸ󡣡
ûϵٹҲ׬ġûбҪæ
ǼҵҪװһˣҪ壬ʱž̳
áһͷʣµʳ¸׷ͣҾʹ¡
ܽͷŹƵСԴ¡
ƶһºԼ˵Ļ
ˡ
ȥ
Ҫȥ

ġ

һ뵽ͷ¶ȾеҪߵ˼
ܽڲ԰æһȵĳһĺվڷЪһں
ǰͷ˴ţſӶЦܽϲ۾źϽԺӡ
ϿͷüŪ¶ͷ鷢ʲôȥˣôһǺ
Ҳûʲôǲ԰ǵС̫ȸáôˣɩæأ
ĶС˵ӵģ˳㡣˵ָֻԺ￴һȦܽƺͷȥ
ܽϳȥˡϵͷһ
ڵϲ̵ƿϵĸǲòŵʮӣͷܽ˸ֳʳˮҲк桢֮ġ
ܽԣֹ¡һȻ˵ҪΪӣҲ뿴Ůúòá
ܽڼתһȦϿֿۺԺ԰
ӹҲܻȣûʲô˷ĵĵط
˰Σܽӷźþͻȥˡ
ܽźϸӣܼǵҲʱˣܼǵԼҲ档
ܽڼһ죬ڶ͵ܼܴɩ
ܼҵڶȷķֹܴɩ㣬ܶɩܸ㣬Өͺ߰æ
ȥһܼǵĶڸϣѾܾû仯ˡܽĥһ£һϵƷҲ㡣
ԼԹԴһȦۺϿԺܴɩ˼ӡ
ֻҪǳԹӵ˺ٻ˲ϲζͷǼԼӸַḻϡ
Ϊӵĳɱ󣬾Щ桢׼Щӵ߲ˡ嵰ʲôľˡ
ѣܴɩѧˡӵζãˢĽ֭һ빦ͣܽԼ֭˵ڣζԿԡ
ܴɩ˼飬ְֵĽΣܴɩԼƽʱζ˾ˡ
ܴɩӦˣڼŸ̳Ҳܽǡ
ͷиҪĽն磬һվѾ£ܽ׾ţΪվ졣
ʱȣĶïʢ˵Ļ߳ϾͶ
ܽȡ˵㶫ٻӵʱͷȹֻϡϵʲô˰Ѭһͨ
ϹڵķΧŨܶ࣬Ȼû۵ģССͨССתƿģҲлģҲʮֵ֡
ڶڵǰ켯ϾӺҶܽͷһ£Լӳԡ
ܽϵɫ˿ߣԺҶľϴһܽ˹ȥ
ôԣջ
ԡ
ǾͺհɣҪٳȥ򶹸
ƵͷЦܽ㻨˶٣ƻ˵Ǳģʮġ
ǻͦ˵ġ
ܽŽϴͷ⹫Ž


66 
⹫ôˣܽΧȹϲ˲, ˵ߵߣҲЦŽˡ
⹫˸һӵѼϹ伯, 򼸸лȥ, ߾͹㡣
ŴĶֵ߲, ЦǺǵ˵Һ⹫û԰û˳, ղſͷҲһƬĲ˵, ˷öˡ
, ԰Ĳ˻ûɣŴĲܳϡ˵⹫ſɡ
Ϲ˵ưý
⹫ӣܽݷʣѼµĵִڡ⹫ѿѼµĵһѼ, Щ⹫˵
⹫ƽܽҲ˵ʲô£ÿһܽԵĳûУǸԵĳûУ˼ǵ⹫, ⹫ٸá
һжʮ, ӦԼûóԣȫˡ
ͷˣܽе, ٵգ۾, ⹫֪ˣ
һ˽, źͷЦǺǵʱ, ⹫˵
ܽϴЩӺƻ, տظˮ֣ͷ⹫Ҫˡ
Ҫ³Է⹫ôҲϣܽҲûá
ҲǣǹڣҲ档Ƶܽ˵˼䣬ܽͷ͹һ˳ȥ
ͷУܽ͹Ƹ⹫㣬ŸеǮ
ֿ죬Ǯʱź⹫סǻôǮ˼ֱĴȺá
ܽ͹ƸϵТ˶Ҳ̹һ㡣⹫ŰѵһǮЦҲ졣
ҲˣҪؼȥˡ
ƺܽ˲УǵţĵطмţͣţǾȥĶĸԼ⡣
ⳡܽһԼմִվĸо
ţһҪǮź⹫һͱɫǮˣ
ܽ͹Ȱţһߵţˡͷ˲ٸϼˣҲиͬġ
ţֻߣüתȻҵʱҪˣǮȴ˲١
ܽ͹ƲͬŻȥźţͬ˴кͷȥ
ţٻҪһʱ̫ܽˣŰ˵Լ⹫¡⹫ţѾˣͷǸϽȥ
ܽεĸ˵˼䣬תƻؼˡ
ߣһ·ϱ߿·һ̯ӣͣܽ˶仨
⻨滨ǮҲǮһСѡ
Ǹ˾СưǮֻ̯һɫĻ
ȥĸưѻܽͷϡܽЦЦ˱Ȼÿ
С˵Ưܽ͹Цл
ǵҵʱ򣬷ɱ㣬ܽҶѾϴˡ
Ŵ׶ǰõģܽϴ־Ϳʼְӡ߳ԵӶǺģƾʹûԹա
ܽȻҪգҲЩ档¹ƺͷϳԲϰߣ
ְ˾͵ݸưߣٶȷɿ죬ûöþͰһŴס
Ŵ״Űʮܽ˾Ÿʣµùȥ˸ں
԰ժ˵ˣܽ˹ʱûб䣬ҲǻˣܽҲĵˡ
һ㣬һƽƬ
ܽƿǣڵӵſӼгһ⿪ҶƵ͸Źҧһζ㣬壬ʱθڴ󿪡
˵ζǸղһǲĶҲ㡣Ҳϲˡ
̿ڵģģأﰮ´ιڶ㡣
ϺǺЦ˵ˣһѷ˶ȥ
ھͷϺ͹ˣյķΧȱ˼ҲһЩܽ޽ˣ϶˵ˣϸ˵úܡ
ƵͷԵ㣬ܽͷϾЩ¡˵˵ţᵽ˷
ǳȥʱһˣĸͼġ
ܽͣˣҲ̧ͷ
ͼ
˵ǼＦµĶ࣬Ƕˣų˳ԡ
ͻȻôģ
ûʲôЦһԷĶˣЦЦصĸۼҿ׽ҳôͷһյļء
⻰˵ķɫ΢䣬Ƶ˼ﻹԸ롣
ôˣ˵ĸ͸ˡ
ſ˵ܽø첲һ¡
ϾڵģʲôҲŽȥ˵÷ܡ
Ʊ죬ЦЦʵسԷ˵ܽͷԷЦ˵Էɶˣǳ˶ԣۼҵļóˣĸҲǷˡ
ˣǰĸͦʵڵģöˡ
ͻȻЦһܽһۣͷæ⡣
ҿ춫أ·Ьף
ǴЦŪ׷˵ûʲôƲΧȹ
ܽ˵ͷ˵¡

һٷܽľȳĳԷˡ
ܽ͹ƻݣΪɶԾ˾һô
ʲô֪Ʊ˵ԭ
ռ޸ʱ⹫˼Ķʱ˾˺;ĸ̬Ⱥüˣһ仰û˵⹫ȥˣĸ˵˷ҵļĶ·ԷܶƭǼĶҪ˻ȥ
ܽü
ֵЩǼҵӹòãȥ⹫ţ˾һҲ硣ҪȥǣҲſڲ̲ĸ˵仰Ҳ
Һ͵ξ֮󣬼и鷱飬ǸǰæȥǣǶŽ֮ˡ
ܽüʵô˺ãֵĶˣȻô
̾ĳ̫ԭˡ⹫ŶѾȥʣ˾ôһˣʹףҲܱһ˿þ˾˸Ͼһĸͬиġ
ܽˣϾǹѪ鴧װͿˡ
췽Ҿ˾Ҳˣܽһ£ʱҲûô˵ϿŻԣɶࡣ
һ˵ˡ
˾˵ûʲôĸȴǸġСʱ򷽸Լ̭˵ĸǳӳ˾
ܽЦˣô˵Ҳң
СֽŲʵҲе첻ߡ
ܽ˵ͷ˽˼ͷҵͷ˵ס
Ӽ͵ȷʵͻȻҲ֪ôͻȻת̬ȡ
֮ʲôġ⣬Ҫʰǡ
ܽЦˣֲǺ۸ģҪǿͿұҲճԴҪǹµĻܽͷϰγŽױϻ
Ҳԡ
ܽСƹЦ˻
İɣء


67 
Ҳ, ¾Ҫæˡ
ƴǸӴ壬ܽͷϾſڹҾ졣Ǻɫģ汻ܽúһľ֡
ӰѾڵ̸ߴ, Զ˶ܿ
ʰ, ͷ˼ҵľˣվŶǺЦֶŮ, Ҫ
, Ȱʰһ¡
ð, ȿӵһ
ϡ
, ˼ӣǼҶʲôư߳ˣʡ
ܽ׾ƺվƣվҪϣ׾ơ
˵ͷǺЦǵʱҲ
ܽͷھֵл
ܽȥ, ͷм˸ϴ
ⲻܼǵСôڵˣ
޹£㻹ʣ
Ŷһ˵˵֮ǰܼǵЩʳλСо, ζҲܲ
Цǿ϶, ˼ҴֶŮպأɶɶС
ָܽͣʱ֪ˣζԲʧġ
˺ǺЦһ, ЦھӵĿǺ, ʱһ
ܽӣͷѾѸ嶼ˡڰ̨ͷһ, ڷŷװ̳ľƵġӵ, ִ˶һڷž̳񡣹Ӻܴ, ֱռƬǽ
ֻƣṩȾƵĵطҲû׼Σֻ˼Լ
ľͷʹ˺öľмܽͷϰ´ɨһ飬һжʰ˲Źӵš
ܽ͹Ƶڶ͵￪ʼƣŴѾһڹˮֱӾŴ磬ӵĹͶŴ׷
ʣµ̸վƲ࣬ȵ̯£ˮɢװ׾ƵŴмڳһ
׾ᣬܽÿֻ׼ڶҪľ֣ͣµġ
ΪտŻ֪Σܽ͹һʮҵ׾ơ
׾ƱȲվƺķѵʳ࣬һŴ׾ܵó׾ơܽĶҲߣһʮģ׬ͷ
ӿǰǰæټϺϺܶǵĽܣ˲ˡ
׾Ƶľִ̳С֣װƵֱǰ˽Ʒ˾С̳ߣϼĸǾд̳ҲԴҪһĶС
ܽ͹վڰ̨дˣϾͰæơĴǸӣֻԼȥġ
Ǿ׾ƣ׾Ʒʵĺûһ۾ܿ˼Ҿ׾ƾɫײǣûŵɢ㣬׾еƷ
վҪͭžص˹˼ҵǮ
ڵȴƵʱǾĵ׾ƶôԡ˵׾Ʒ⡢׾Ƴ嵰Ҳ˵㡢ռܽȥͷһԲӹһʲô
ǾԲӣҲ׾ģǻȥԣСǺϲŮ˼ҳҲá
Բһ㣬Ƚ׾Ƴ嵰ζӪֵҲߡǶԸ˵Ѫ˵зصЧ̲򵥣ԲӾСԲ׾ԲӣЩǡ𻨡ʲôľˡ
ܽŪ˼еԲӣǽ˾Բӵ빦Ч
Ǹ˵䣬ⶫѻôôȥŮǳҲ׷ܽٸǼһ
ܽﵽԼĿ͵Цһ£ְ﷽һװ
һ˽׾ƺܿˡʱûƻ裬ŵһҵѾܲˣسô󣬲˶֪˼Ҿ
ܽ͹Ƹӹ˴ȵӹţʰһ¾ȥҪ׾ơ
׾ƶģһߣһͽ˷ͣ˵ʱҪ׾Ѿˡܽһû⣬͹˵һ£ݵŴ׵ٶʮŴס
ԺÿЩҲͲˡ
ѾܶƣҲܽ͹ƶʲôǼˣ⼸ֿȡʳϸø˹ơ
ֵģȻϵò࣬ûġͷдĺϸÿȡöٽֲ˶ٽڵɢһĿȻ
ÿöʳﶼ˱ǵҲû
֪ˣЦŰ˱
˵˼䣬˾ͻȥˡ
һ׬߰ʮģܽ߰Щͭ崮һͭģŽǮϻܽоԼĶˡ
ǰǮûãڹǮ治뿴Ǯϻӿȥھ׬ööǮԼҵǮϻӶԺҲóˡ
ƿǰСԣԴ˵ܹͭҾȥӣʱǮϻͶˡ
ԺҪŽӣ
ƺǺЦá

׾һĶÿʱͰﶼһξƲʣ
ܽ͹ƱõͲտʱôˣûȻһֱάôá
Ǯ׬ˣ⼸컹ӯ˲١ϺܸܽˣƿֺԼҲſġ
˷죬ȵĿ¡ϴ·ͷ˲һӣʱѾɵòˡ
ϵģϳӻûˣƳȥһ·Ƽ֦ģװһ֦
ưϷŽ˿ոˮţ֦Ž
ܽ˿϶㣬ѵЩ㹽İӣԼЩԣһģʹûʲôθڣЩҲˡ
ˮżԣų緹
Ƥһҧȥ̵㹽ڣȥûθտյĸоҲ̣һŰӻθһҲҭˡ
緹ͻȻ˿ˡ
ģ˭ˣ
ܽ͹ƶһۣϹȥš
Ҿĸһ˫Ůվ⣬һþͶŷŴĳһûӦһ¡
ҾĸûƵģָԷЦãˡ
ϻعˣﰵɩӳǲ̫棬ŵ㲻̫ȻЦݣϽԺ
ҾĸڷϺͷ۾ɫİԺɨһȦܽϡ
ܽǽǿ۹ƣƹüͷ¿ӣȷǷҾ˾һҡ
ŷеĿӣܽվǰͷŴкɻûͿҾĸ첽˹ץס־ͼصҵϱɣϣģ̬Ǳ£ĸһ۾ͿˡŮ˷
Ҿĸȵĸʲôһܽ΢Цһ£ؽĸ
뿴Ҿĸĳ࣬ܽ̾Ƶ˵һûⷽҾĸҲ߯ˡ
ܽϱӦòضԷҾĸл
ҾĸǣָԼĶŮҾĸǰľ˾ɩǾһ£ȻͻȻһͷҲʵؽɩ
ջؿߣغĸ
ҾĸҲǼ˴ɫһͨעַŻܽϡ


68 
ǽ, Ҿĸڰ֡
ﻹ˶˳ԡⶹǶۼ԰ոճģˣǶûô, ȫˡ
ҾĸõһӶ˷, ÿһۣϵͦġ
ٻ֪öˡ
ллɩˡ´βøǴ, Լ԰Ӷеġ
Ҿĸ״, ﶼ԰ˣһ治֪˵Ҳ, ҴҲûüҵ·, ֪ɶأ
ﻰι۹˼ǰԺ˼ûŻش𣬿۹ƺ̬ܽܽƳ۹ƣϻǸͿӡ
ü˰, Ҳûʲôɿģĸݾ, Ҳ֪
⻰˵Ĳ, Ҿĸû˹εЦתͷܽ˵𻰡
˵ܽôݣǲƽ۵ģҲܽش, ƽҪôæܲܳԵ
䶼ǹ, ܽһڹء
ܽͻ۲۰ɶ, ﲻ
಻డɶ, ﲻ
ܲܳԵǿ̫ܳԵ, ȫͲˡ
Ҿĸᳶܽᣬ˵ļ仰˵Ҿĸ֪ĵϡ
Ҿĸ˵ϻǸͰ׵ӡ
ܽ˵ͷûʲôӦվǲҲҶͲˡ
ƿʵˣŹƿɧˡԺ￴һȦҲûʲôȤģڿʹ£ע⵽ϵİӺͶԡ
ſ㰡滹أ
͵͵ƲƲ죬ĵСüôǮôҲѰ˼ӼýӼǣ̫˽ˣ
ӵζ̫ˣ뷽ѡͶҲ˵仰Լ˸ӣƨһ̧ȥץӣڴڵľͿʼҲ֪ôԵһӵǳҲûʲô˶ûˡ
ܽüҾĸбۿһû
ԵͳԵ£ӻܳˣ
ҾĸװϿҲֶӺòһأҪʱ˵óԣԵôһ
֪ôѺӽ̳̾˿ֻܴżԥվǿš
еûģƿɲšֱһסĺ죬ӵվ
ＸûԹˣˣ
ͻȻսһǺòûȥվǿȿȵĿԣҲ˵˰ĵͷȥˡ
ҾĸˣһӾԹƵǸɶӲǳӣڰһȥ
ƽ˶ºͣԷҾ˾һҾºͲ˼Цһ£˵ĸô࣬ܲҼӳԣǰ˵̣һķˣͷһο˾ȻҲᡣĸȥǵö̽أҲͰˣҪǵ˼һʱĿɲҡ
ҾĸĻˣһһ󣬲ֱӶϣìͷֱָϣŭãǽصҿ㣬Ǿ̬ȣѵΪӻҪǴȥҪ֪ˣöຮİ
˵ǲ̫Ҳû˵ˡȷҪ̹̽أҪȻԺٵԷ⸱ñô
ҾĸĻȻ÷еΣҲͽ˶ѡûŷҾĸѵƣ˵ӵȻڣҪԣһҸװߡƲ˵ͷҾͽѵڣɩҲӦעһ¸ӵĳˣҪԺһֱզȢϱ
ĸ˼ҿʳܰѹŮ޸ǲɵ
仰û˵뷽಻гٲãԺ˵ϱһӵĹɾͻˣ
淽ǣ÷ĵĸãǷҾĸȴҪιȥҪĽ
۾תܽûƵţע⵽Լֶ΢Цһ£㹻òһ˼ûС
ˣһһһ̫ǸɵҲ˼ҾĸûôסԼࡣ
Լﱻҵ޶ԡ
һ˵ƨҷš󲻽ɶû˵еҪЦ˼
ԺǴȥˣҾĸӣһ仰Ҳ˵תˡһ߷ϣ͸˵ˣñﶼ죬Ψֹ
ҲҴȥҲҴңڹ˼ԺﻹûһӾͱˡ
ܽӶҲˣ̲סҲЦˡ
ⶼɶ˰
Ҿĸ˵ϵģͷһҲû˵仰˵Ŀɶܽ͹ƶסٿϣŵįȻҲúܡ
ûкͿˣܽһ
ҲûʲôƺͷϾͽֻӬܽǸ˹һ϶Ȼߵ˵תעġ
ôҲȲԼˣϺֺܿˡܽʰϵǽ壬Ͽʼ췽ûء
緹ҲԺˣûԡ
ҾĸֻǸС˭һûеݣӰ顣
æһ磬ȵʱϴ֦
֦ⱥϽζڹ£ҡȴˮ̹ˡ

׾𽥽죬Ҳûʲôܽˡ
ÿæµǸʱʱƵҲûô࣬ܽԼһæĹ
һʱ򣬹ƾͻȥǱ߿ҲؼȥЩӻܽţ˾ʹƣû˾͵ͷЩ
ƸմһӾͼһ׾ԽЦ˲֪ʲôҲǣܲӡ
뵽˵ţ࣬ƿû˵ߵһԲذơתװǮؿһۡ
һ£ʶǾϰ壬ž̳æȥ
ƽܽҲû쳣뿪ڸ˵Լղ˵£ͷȴһˣæдȥˡ
һֱܽҲ˵ֱҹ˾ʱŷ˲Ծ
ƵĺˮܽϣԼĹͷ챻ײˡֹסƣôˣ
ưĳԴףһҹŬܽܵһҹɹ̱˹ȥڶ
ǰͷӷǶţʵţĬĬȴܷ
ܽҲˣͷ˸ڴߴ۾һֱǳԴʲôҩ
죬ίͰ͵˵£˵Ǹˣһûġ
˵ĶܽҲû˿ĿЦãⶼĶĶ
ѹס̲סҪ¶Цܽ˵Լ˵ĻСһѧõģҾһѧô˵ȻС͹ȻףּߣٶԶʤǵꡣӺܿǣμͯԡ
ͲμͯԣЩȡ
ӲŰɣҪˣ
˹ƵɻܽأҲһܿпֻȿԺ͸ԳΪͯ
ƵͷҲˡ
ܽ˵ǣбһۣƵ֪ԭ˰ɣҳԷɴ𣿡
Цˣ˵ˣҲڡ
ܽط˸ۡ


69 
ֿʳ, Ƹ׾ǰȥ̶һ
̶ڸй̶ͣĵطﲢϴǹƵѼָ˲鷳ԷֱӴǹȥȡ
ûô, ܽʰ·, ֵŴӼֻʮʣµĶø˹ơ
Ǯ, ЩǮﻹùƺĸ·ЪŵķáȻòô, ǳ, ǸƶһǮܷܽġ
һ˹ȥ, ԭƻҪһʱ䡣Ҫ˸ܽţܽ켱ˡ
ܽӭʳ˵һˡ
ܽǰʯͷգգ۾ǲš
ʯͷ˼Ƶ, վ۰Ͱ͵Ŀܽۿﶼˮ
ܽζӳ, ˵е˻, ֽ
͸һУʯͷãԼȥ, ۵һͿ˳ﺰŽ, ȥסĸ첲
ܽȦˣĺ, תͷʹĶҵʯͷ
ƻ˵֮ǰ̶ӵ˰æ, ȥǱ˵ڳһˡڻ·ת·ȥһ, ҵһʵȷǡ
ܽ˵ͷϸʯͷǸССӣͬȿʼҪСꡣ˵ЩԼĪ˺ܶ࣬һ˫˺ܶİ̡
ܽôöȥĶˣôû
ʯͷһ£˵岻ţֻҪһʹҡһؤүүҿǮͷ˺ԶԶһҲʶĵطҪҲؼңҲǵû·ҪƸ磬ҿҲزˡ
Ƶ˵ͷԪȷʵԶҲҪյг̡ҹȥʱһҪץȥΪūܣҪȻҪˡ
ܽ־ú£ĵʯͷ⺢̫ˣôĥѣȫµĿ඼ˡ
ܽʯͷ˲ᣬʯͷˣҲƽ
֮ǰںǾӵ£˰죬ʮֿʯͷܽ͹˵ʱҲˣ⺢ӿ϶ҲˣȥȥϢһ°ɡ
ܽ˵ͷ˵ˡ
ȴȥжǣʯͷϴ衣
ûôӴ·ϰѹƵ·óһһ£ʯͷͻˡ
Ϸ˺üˣʯͷǿŶӾ͹ĽСȻѾĲˣʯͷûż꣬ǵܽǳԼų˿׷
˰ıֶ׷вˡ
ʯͷȵķˣ۾𽥱ˮģߣͷԷǿ
˷ƺܽʯͷڶ᷿˯£ص˵ʯͷ¡
ܽʯͷ˵һ̸˵һҪ¡ʯҵķʯͷģддʯͷ֣ʯͷ̡
ձɷĸ׾һвƲɶŮ
ϼȻʯͷ֣ⷿҲֲʯͷһסʯͷķ˽ռլ˳͢ȥҲò˺ùӳԡ
ʯͷǸúӣܽ͹ƶһѡ
ⷿӱģûԼס
¸ô졣
뵽е⣬ܽѰڵʯͷ϶ǶԷϡҪ֤ⷿʯͷģ϶Ҫϡ
¡Ҫסİȣ϶ᱣ֤ӹĵʱֱӴʯͷţóͺˡ
ܹԹԵó
Цһǿɲǣ㲻õģˡ
Ƹ˸ӣܽЦˣУʱͿˡ

ʯͷڹ˼Ҵ죬˶ǳġܽóԵķˣϸÿ·档
ſʯͷӦЦݣƲŴȥһˡ
ܽ˼տĺܣջ̲סѰ˹ȥ
ּͬˣֹһʯͷӣŵĶϰȫˡ
ưʯͷ¸磬¸˸ͷڶ´˳ȥ
ϰǰʯͷһһӵĽţ֮ǰΪһЩ޶ԣ֤йƴͷٲæʵڶԲԼġ
ڽͨͨͷ˹һվʯͷܽͷҪһ
ʱѾˡ
˶ڣʯͷһǰǿʯͷûû˹ܲŸ۸ô˰ʯͷ˵˵£ͺˡ
ƱˣǹٲվǰͷûʲôͱƵó˵ͷֽдʯͷ֣ʯͷˣһӵϣʯͷһҴ˸ͷѪ
ʯͷسǰͷһ˺ͷ޶˺üơ
ڻսУܽƼ˵ָʯͷĶӡ˸ȣΧʯͷһתŻ˾¸֣Է۵໽л
ºɹƽͣ
ٺһЦԼץһˣóһףܽ˵˾仰ѹ˾ȥš
ǽݣ˵Ķȫ˳ȥɨĨʯͷʰҡ
ܽǣʯͷ͹һʯͷҵĴŻµͷֳȥһЩµ·ͱ죬һжʰ˲Ÿʯͷ˵
˸û˵ĵط˰ѷݵĵʯͷⶰ˵ҲֵʮܽʯͷԼѰطѵغãԺĲƲôö˭Ҳ
ʯͷӹһ£ְѵܽҰѷ͸㡣
ܽ͹ȫˣ⺢˵ʲôأ
ʯͷѾʮˣѾʲôС׽һҸûбҪҲöôáƫƫôˣǮؤүү˷ӡ
˵ĶʯͷԼΪΨһеľӣΪر˰ɣ
ĻƺܽежʵʯͷѷӸԼסĶأ
ʯͷɫеãȻû뵽⡣
Цһ£ܽļ˵Ķ㲻ҪġʯͷҪ뱨ǵĶ飬ԺͺúǶõıˡ
ֱʯͷ뵽͹£ֵܽʯͷûأֻСû취ҡԸԸ⵽ľС㹩ͳԷÿٸĵĹǮ
˰ﵽףͷ͵
ʯͷվǸӣԼҲܡôҲܸһЩˣС⡣
⻹ǹģܽȻİʯͷҲû뵽һ顣
֮ôͬ顢չʯͷ⣬ҲֵܽһЩȻæվһóۣ϶ɡ
ﲻϣۣܽʲôźáʯͷСƽ潿ơͣټڵӦ⣬ʱ򽿽Ͳɻˡ
ʯͷϸҲûвĵġĻأҲѾ
ҪִܽǷǷӶͯôǸ˺һ·һģʯͷһԹˡ
ܽ䣬ʯͷ۾һˣžȵ𣿡
ܽЦŻģʯͷ˻ˡرһһԺҪܰǵæ̫ˣ
ʯͷæĵͷӦ¶ôõһЦݡܽ˵Ը⵽СҪĹǮֻҪзԾˡ
ܽԴЦЦ˵Ļϡ
ǰʰִӼһЩþ߸ʯͷܽԼʯͷĶȥãһʯҵͥԺﻹе㲻ġ
ʯͷԼסҪȥסɣ
ʯͷæҡҡͷҸסͲȥˡǰԲڴ󲿷ʱ䶼ͷϢû˵ԼסҲûʲôһҲ¡Ҳˣ鷳㡣
ܽ̾˿˵Ǻðɣƴݡ


70 
ܽƺ˵İ, ʯͷķӳɹҪ˻ʯͷһұ˰ӣִʱǡþֵ綯֡
²飬һͨصİӴȥ˴Ƥºʯͷĵ, û˰һҾӿһ, ŵҹͳسǻ¡
ڼҿ˺ܾã뵽εŵԺûùӳ, ʯͷϵִżʰ˰˷Ԫ, Ȼϲɾ, Ҳȥʯͷӵ¡
˴ʯͷڻصԼļ, ҺǸˣѡ˸пյϣʳĵʯͷĲˣһΧӳԺһ٣ʯҲЩů
ڷϸʯͷвˣԺ˾ȥǰæ, ҪǻҲ£Ӹ
ʯͷ͵͵Ĩ, Ƽļο
óһС, жӡǰ漸ÿһյģʯͷá
Ǯʯͷ˵ǮԴʯͷӦ쳣, ô˵ּҪ
֪⺢ǲ鷳, Ҳ⺢Ƣ̫Щ޷ģҪǲǮӻô
ﱻʯͷƾܵе㲻, ǮʯͷĲҪ, һ
ܽ, ˵ʯͷվͲհɣԺӻܹȥġ
ɻؿܽԼʯͷС¸ǡ
ʲôҶ֪㣬ĶõŹˣΪʯͷСӣ
һһ¹ǮģСӣŶԣӦǹ˼Ƿǳˣ
ô룬Ҷһ۸ʹ˸
ᣬͷܽһôչʯͷֻܴճǮǮԺˣƽʱʡЩҲ⡣
ֵܽ־ܾʯͷǮô£ԼûôУǰʯͷԺǻԼɻģǮԺð졣
ܽ͹ƲǼǮۿˣ˿۳ֿǣ˶Ǯ
˰໹ʧˣʮΣ룬ʯͷǮȸ㱣ţԺȢϱʱٸá
˵ܾĻ֪Ҫ˷Ѷʱ䡣
ܽʯͷӦˣʯͷһһл
ٷɢˣڶܽЩֽǮƴʯͷȥʯͷ̺ɨĹ
˷ϵӲݣֽǮϸĵվԶˡ
ʯͷһ˿ǰضѣõίͨͨ˳˵Լ£̲סޡ
ԶʯͷĿ̧ͷεգҲ뵽Լϵ
ǱӦҲǺ赶Ūǹİɣ
һЦһ¡
һʯͷĿҲû

ʯͷڼסĺܺãھչˣǰ̹ģܽҲġ
ʯͷÿϳʱ֮ǰӣںͷ˷͸ŹƵơ
첻ʱ͹ʱøոհꡣǻȥƣʯͷȹƿ˵Լɨ˵ء
ȻСΪͥԭСЩĵرɨĺܸɾһҳûС
Ƹ׾ƵļǮִһװ׾Ƶľ̳һ׾Ҩһƣ˴Ƶʱܷ㡣
ʱͷ˸ƵĸˣʯͷԸµҪӹ񡣹ưѾ׵ݸȵĸ˴˾ƣһζûЦſ
ʯͷĵЦˣƵȫŴ˾ơȻ䲻Ҳߣ»رϸϸ
ϾʱƽϢҲϣڰ̨ͷ¶ԴĨһһĲž̳
ﶼʯͷæر𾢣󲿷ʱ䶼һɡҲûʲôػйһ߰æܽȥˡ
ûʲôˣܽͱŷڼóԵġ԰Ĳ˶ˣϵ̵ĺĴһɫʮ㣬Եرÿ
ܽӣ۲˳ƬȻǼҳˣסζãÿγԷ˶ų׷
ʯͷô£֮ǰⳤ˲˵ӻϴһ磬ҿŶܸˡ
⻹ôãÿ춼й̶롣ӹҲ˳ģܽÿûüʱ
ׯ𽥷ƣֵһҪʱ
ܽȥ˼վƵȣ˲⣬ûҸյʱԡ
ʰ׼ţ˼ˡ
һӵġκһ˶ʮӣȵһӵʱһ롣
Щ鹦ܼϵƷļӺ͸ܽظ⡣
ܽĵʱ̸ܴɩģܽظһ֮ζ׬˲ǮָܽҲͷһ
ĸŮлҳᵽղŴǰͷʱ򣬿ʯͷĸ˴дˣ˵ܽҲûˣ⺢Ǹõġ
ܽЦ£˵ʯͷһֱԼûʲôˡ
οĵ˵ͷ˵һ£ܽŴ͡
ҪּңΪʲôʲôˣ
򶨣ûʲô£˵Լôԭ
ҲˣʱּҸԹˡԭĸɩǮ͵ҲͰˣɩУƽԺöǮأզܻǮ߬ţһǺⵥҲûʲôˡ
ԽԽãÿҪæҲԽԽࡣɩ㣬ɩܸ㣬Ө߶ţŰٳȥÿæ׬ǮҹܣĸȴǮԼö֮ܺܣ
أһֵܣٺãҲˡֻдҴһǲܱ֤ﲻŽгҪȻҲܣǻ˭ûһ
ʲô׵ɵӡ
һƽȶԴжӣǶͬĹذôԴǲƽĬĬί
ּҲãʱģֵֵܻܣﻹǵҲͷоˡ
˺ϵĻܽĬˣ׺ʲô˼ȷʵô
ʵּңҲܻ᲻Т˳һӹɵġֻʱˣԼ᲻ܰˡ
ּҲʲôĴ£Ȼ˽һ˼ҪǷ˼ңǸҲɢˣϵͺһֱôΪ
ܼзּҵʷϵܶ壬˵Ҳүүȥǰͷ˼ҵġôȥûһӹĲ˵ȴЩûּҵ˹ĺöˡ
ϵͺʵͿ˷ּҵ£ڸǷʱ˻صȥ˵ԼҵķΧЩΪ˷Ժּҡ
ϵͺ˽ˣܽĻҲδȰǣο˵ҲеܽҲٶʲôʺô
ô죿ػֲָּ֣˭


71 
ϻش, ۼҵ϶ҪģҪҷô׻ȥŪأǿǱȻһܡôģɩϲҽÿ, ͷɩ, ҲȻǸɩӨ⺢ӡ
ᵽӨЦ, ˵ɩһ, ʵʳⲢȤ, һֱǻҵĲׯ, ֻҲһֱ˵ﶼס
ɩƫ߻ҪҲׯ£ô֪ģܽеҲеɻ֮ǰҲûоɩ˼
֮ǰһαˣʱȥι, ·С˵¡ɩڼҳ϶ȥֲׯ, ԺǮͻۼҡɩȻȥ, ҪǻۼæҲ᲻ûӦ
ţС, ҲܺӨֿӨҪȥ, ˿϶øһ
ʱסϲׯںϸǰТ, ϶᲻, ӨĿǲû
ҪǷ, Ǿûɶˡ
֪ܽˣϸ˵İš
ӾͰԭֵһһĸ͸ƤӸǷǮһĶʣµĶҺϡһʮʣµĶʮӻţҺţͷɱٸƽ֡
ϷֵķǳƽÿҶֵ˷ӡغ
ôͦõģܽ˭ϻ˵ܴ磬ܽ⡣
߷ּһ㶼󷿣ô
ҲûڣϺܽĸ綼Т˳ģҺļҶܵõܺõķš֮ѡ磬ΪĸɩϲɩѡҲԭɩɩһҶãСʹӣԺҲܰ
ʲôʱ߸ǣ
սİɣʱҲðط
ܽͷϳͷʱ䣬Ųˣ׼ˡ
ܽסȥԼøϣһûȥո˳ԣԼҲʡȥˡ
ˣܽԺվһżĹ˳˵Ǿ䣺辣ӴּҡЩ̾תˡ

죬ܽʼһվơ
ƺȥΪմӵոõġ
Ǹﱥܽһһ£ĵγľƲˣ˵ǰ˻ȥ
һվʱѾˣܽһʱ䣬ľζá
ǰѾƸ̧ȥһ߷ţܽճ˷µľƸס
Ҫ˵ʳʲô࣬һǴССľƸ׺;̳ˡǹЩܽͻ˽ӽӣƸһһ͹ѾһԺˡ
µվƸպЩƸףƲܽû֣Լÿһվơ
ܽҪȥȥȥڼҲʲôżæϴʳĻˣæһƶȥ
ܽΣƲɻȥҲûʲô˼Ǵ󲿷ʱʹ
ʯͷѾϰĻһܽɶˣΪĻͻüͷһཱུĲ˵ʱòԷʾ顣
һҲֻżãܽķ̫㣬һԷܽԵĺõǰһΣװµĽԷ͵͵ͼԥ˼£Ǹˡ
˸ʯͷ˼
ܽرɻҵĲɣֲǷǵøҶ
Űɣסܽ͸Լ˸رġɡ
ʯͷôҲû˽֣ǿĿİͰ͵ġܽԼʶֵģͽ֡
̵ûѧķӽ̵ĺãÿֶݵ䣬˵صĹ»ʫ䡣ֻܽʯͷôдʲô˼ܸĸһá
Ȼ̵ĺǳԣǺʵãʯͷҲһӾסܽģһʯͷѧü鲻ҲֻһһʾֱѧΪֹ
˲ֽʣ֦ддЬײ£һոµġֽ
ʯͷÿؼҶҪ֣ڶܽͻ顣
ҲʶֵģʱҲܽһʯͷ֡ʯͷѧ棬ǽ̵Ҳ档һҲСгЧʯͷдˡ
½½ˣһܽ￴˱ƼӻĶӽˡ
ӵģһ峵ͷҲ棬ʳĥõģҪֱӾܳԡ
ܽЦŸǴкЦŶ˸Ҿ˵˽ׯڳĲʳճ˲٣͹סҲһ
ܽͷʾ֪ˣ˽ЪЪȥǵˮȡ
ڰлĺ⣬˵ﻹлͲˣԥһ£ַּ֪֪ҵ£
ܽԼ֪ͼ̾һҡͷС˵˾Ϳתǻȥˡ
ܽ˵⻰û⣬˶ϵʱŵʱҲ÷ּҲǡ
ôû꣬ǰ˵
ܽʯͷʳ̧˺ͷ˰죬ǻؼȥϴ֪£һȥˡ
˽Ժʱ򣬺ǳˡԱĸջ𣬺һۡ
ܽϿ˱һӶת磬ʱˣϽ²˲ӡ
զչ
ǻؼ͵ⶼˣӴҲûɶҪȥ
һ˵ҪҹϿɸ˻ˣ뺰ȥ㣬ͷͷĸ̲ס˸ۣܴȥ
ĸںͷЦܽ͵Цһ£͹ư¿ﵫû֨
ΪǳʱˣܽҲûżʷּҵ¡߽ںϺͷԼԼԵĲˣĲˣ˵ҲֱЦ
ϱЦ룬ŮǱСǿŮԼģСӳԼ
뵽ͷ˵ԼⱲĸСиƲƲ죬ƿǴӹóŹǴ˴
ܽҧһڣ̵ôò̵ܽ쳴⣬ֻһĵͷ
ϹЦõҲɢˣ˵˼ּҵ¡
ĸСӣһ˵Ҫּԭ˵ʲôҲҽѧϰˣ˵ҪֵأúТ˳Һǧּҡ˵ѧôãҺƫƫԼÿУƨɺͷţһ쿴;÷޲ôûӡ
ܽЦˣ˵ĶҪǻصʮǰ˽㲻ĸ磬϶ͷһͬ⣬òĸôҲΪ˺úТ˳ǣ;Լ˵ΪҪּңҪǲôŹأ
һû˵ĻĬһ룬˵Ĳ


72 
ҲǸʡĵġ˵ȻӨȥ, ԺȥŵҲ㣿Ө˵ҪźҲ˵ҪϣСڱźҲȥһ˵˵ʲô硭
˵춼, һˮ, һ˵ˣԼؿ, ܽİ, ⼸Ǳַ˸Ǻ, 绹µ, ʲôöͻҡ
ܽЦˣ˵Ϊ͵ҪϣԺźϸǰҪǻϣٿʲôӦ
˵ǶǲԸּҵﲻߡڻؼܿ, һ˼ңԺТ˳ϻõȥ, ζҲǲܵġ
һ, Σҿ϶ҪֵġڵҺҪǵ, Ѳɻˣ
⻰˵ܽ, üźдŲһֳЦˣˣԺô˵ˡ
ܽˡ
ϳԷܽԼҵ׾, ϵϵʱԼվ, ʱ̳ȡϵ˵üЦ, һ˵úúá
бһۣ˵վƿ϶ףʱŮǮ͹ȥϵüëһ;ͣվƾýҲɣһڣⱲӻľֵˡ
ϵͷƺܽвˣԵ㡣ܽڳԼȣ˵ۼҺȾƶǮžƺˣҸ͹
⻰˵ľ̹ϵúӣ̫ȵ׾Ƹ˸
һӵĺòֻܽ͹רĳԵģ˶
ԭͦõģһ˪һ˲ͲˬˡѿһϣǳԷҲҳԺ𣿲ǷָңôҪŰݰ
һʱķΧҲãϵҲˣ¾뿴żӣ벻ТզģӵĻˣּңҺԼ
˾䲻УչǻأҪǵԼǸˡ
ܽͷԲˣŸɩǸõﲻּȴֱһ٣ֶԼϡ
ķ˵ǶҪТ˳ֺαŸõﲻģТ˳ֲֻԷһƽȥ̽ڻؼҿһٸТȻڵߣТ˳ķʽҲءԷТ˳ģТ˳ˣ
Сãǲ˼Һֵ֧ľģֻҪǵĻǶ
ɩǰһ仰ͬ⣬һ仰ҿҪˡҪѡϣҺʹҲɶġһº͵ܶɩͷҲԼȡһѣźãûᡣּҲǲУϵĶɶҪ
ܶɩһ죬ӨͷӢҲ£˵ּУǸϣ仰֮
ôܽͷһο硢ɩôǿżԼǵԼĪҲһ۵ĸɣ
һŮ˵ҲԼһŬǽұ߾硣ÿҪ˵ɶˣڵһšҲ˼ȿʼͣ˲١
ǶǲҲ˼Т˳ĵﶼףȻѡ˴ϣǿ϶Ҳǵԭžˡ
״Ϻϵ˵ѡܴϵԭ򡣶Ҫ˵ܴ红Ӷܴɩҵ£ӳĬˣܴܴɩжᶼˡ
鵽ûٳˣܽͷԷܶ硢ĸ˳ĬãТ¡
˺þõļڷֿˣܴ⣬ÿӵТ桢ɣڻŻǽӵȥһ͹
ǲԷϵͺϣ˵Т͸ĺϸ¡
ϵͺûپܾЦŽ˶ǵ⡣
ڶܶʹ峤󣬵Ŷ˵棬ϵ˶˼ҡ
Χ۵˺ֻܶ࣬ǶĽȴ˵ϵͺϺͿ
ϵͺϲ⣬һٶҲ죬Ժդֿˡ

ܽ͹ƻ˼ңûȥþܶᵽ¡
ֿˣٻһҲʺϡܶɩԼ˸ӣѸˡ
ܶҲܶɩԺҪѧãξͻǮ˸ס˵ӡһ¥㣬¥ס˵ӡȻһ٣Ҳ㹻֧
ӨصǲׯҲ˹ȥΪ£в˴Է˵ȥŮԼûôӨ֪ȴ˰
ȻǺԼסһ𣬵ƽʳסвûҵģǴɽõǮסӴɽҲָǮ
ɽǹٲԼÿ¶׬ǮҪΪοָ
Ө˵£ƹ֮ǰֻӨּĲׯûǵ¡
ľúܲ˼һͨҵѲׯת¡
ӨĺǶⲼׯӨģС˭µҲν
һݣƹ񻹸ɴ೷ǲׯңָĳܼǲׯ
ׯģͷ˾Ҳ˵׸ҡʹ˽Ҳֻܹ͵͵˵ҵͷϹ¡
˳ҪٳȥϹ˵練־ܸǶץ
ᵽܷ㣬ÿȥŵֻҪӵʱߵ˯ˣ˵ľˡ
ׯӨÿ֯ţƹϰæչˡ֯ϤϲģӦ֣ԼٳǰҲûһҲ׬
ĸͷӢҽݣڷܼңֻкϺܴǻûᵽ
ʵܴһҲǮܶɩһס˵ӣᵽȫ⡣ܴɩԼ뷨ûżȥԼǸССӣÿ̰ڴ¹㡣
Ȼܴǹǲܴͷ¡˰뱲ӵļңҲЪЪˡϱﶼʲô϶ԼĿǣϲ
ھͰŴϱ㣬˾ͺϵڴŮ֮ǰٶˡ
ܽȥ￴˼ΣĶͲڵˡ
˰ᵽҲͦõģɩû¾͹ʲôóԵҲһݡƽܽˣҲȥǼСֶӣϼڳԵٻ
ʯͷйƣܽĵһ㣬ֱĩʱ˻
µվƶ¸ˣ֮ǰվҲֹͣͿʼˡ
ѵһ죬ڳ˶˵ġľѹƺΧסֹסǱꡣ
ζŷƮԶ˲ͷۣ˵ʮƮҲΪ
ܽһ£ζϵĻҪãִ˿ǹˡ


73 
ʱվƵĶ, ֮ͻˡ
ҪͨСɣֱͷмͰͷĵعǷֱе롢ȴãȻܼ򵥣ȴء
ܽǶ, ѷ͵ľ˵ع, ˲ȼŴеع¶Ȼߣƾˮһӷ, ϽͰ
Ͱ, ЧҲõߡƾͨ, ܽǰˮԵƾһͻˮѸȴ, ɾƺ󣬴ӴĹл
ܽڵϣ̳ʵشɫ͸վƲûżƷζ
̳ǾͷƾŨŨζҲҡƾԼڵľûھҪˡ
һ˿õվ鶼ż, ̳һǾСİѾ̳, ·Ͽյľ̳
һվƺķ˶ʳǶ֪, ־ôõķͣз˶ٹ;Ҳ
ƾԲһܺȵģһƼ۸Ӧþ͵ͲˡﱧŵĲվƶҵǮ, һʧС
ܽһľ, һŻûľƸףҪʮŶˡ
Ǿæһ, ܽմȾһζ, ԴҲеκ, ҲưѽľƳƺøæͻؼ˯ˡ
׾ƻճţϺʯͷ￴⡣
ܽù˸ƣͷдűɫվƼӭҹƷѹӸߴ˶ܿľΪԼվ
ҲǶһ٣νǡ㲻ѭζ׷ˡ
ܽԭʮպκмʵ̫ˣյĹ˵ۼǮǵӶţ
˳һһ졣ܽҲȷʵôˣڵվơ
ʳһƣȻվƵҪԭϸŴױˣĳɱǺܸߡܽҲԼԿվƾͶʮһ
վƶҪʮģ۴ӿڸСľϸ̶ȣȫԶ
վƵļǮµĴ˵̫󣬵ϻû˽ܲ˵ĳ̶ȡǾùЩǮҲõ
վƿܽ͹ƱЩʯͷţĸ˿ٵԺ緹
ôҲˣһӵţͷʵ˼һ
վǰͷһ꺺ӣż˼ӣ˲
ˡλĿ簡ǵ͹Ŷˣ
꺺ϴŵ㽾Ҿ֪˵ö࣬ҹ͹վˡڣҶȼ֮˸һ
ܽ͹ƺǺЦŴÿǽˡ
վƺ׾һ̳Ҳɢ꺺ӱԼ˸ƺ«һﳢζ𱬳̶ȣ˵ٻʱľƶˣ
Ѿƺ«һ꺺һҪ˸̳վƴߡ̳ͷһƣһǾͽ˶ʮġ
ʯͷƣƺͷдһˡ꺺ӸܽһӣܽǮͭ㡣
һλǰƣǸ꺺ҲûߣѰ˸λڵһ߾ľ̳ﵹһھơ
һȥζһֿݵģ
̿˲ϯǻ֮ͣʣվڿڡθλڵˬڸйϴױȵʡȵȫθʱů𽥴θɢȫ˾
һȥ꺺ȫ泩Ĳˣֹס̾
ʵ̫úˣ
֮仹վƵζƷһ˿žһɻظʣ˿ڳ㣬ζ̲סٺһڡ
꺺ƽһκȵôúȵľƣ̳Ӹжϡﻩġúһھƣһ߸жһ߲ͣƷζ㡣
Ա߿˵鱻ŵķӦ˲ȼһѷĶӿǰͷŵĶҲɢˣҡӾ̨ϷţҪʮĶڡ
ʱӶʯͷĺôֳˡƺܽæάǮʯͷСӾ͸˴һ̳ơͬԱ߸˴ƣٶȻûһ졣
ǴܽдĻᣬȥһ½׼ľƻʣ٣ŴӦòͶˡ
Ȼ㹻࣬һƺò⡣ҲҪÿտ˵ĹٶҲûˡ
򵽾ƵĿ˴඼ѡһڣⶼǶվƲͣ޵ܽǣϵĶҲӿˡ
ǲͣƣһһ٣ԽԽࡣ֯Ŷӣ鶼Ѿŵͷļϡ
и˾þˣŶһٶŭ˺ͷŶӵˡ
㶼򵽾ˣʲô㲻֪ƹҵľһֻЩ㶼ˣǻƨ
˵껹Ҫ͵Ŀһ£ǿ˺ͰľƸҵˣæȺðɣͷ͸˴
ⳡܽЩͷˣ۳ŻԴԴϵŶӣתͷһ£ƷĻ˳ȥ
ܵˣֵͷҪŶӵĿ˵˾ʣƲֵ࣬ҲûˡǲҪŶӣ򵽡
ȻϧҲ֪ԼˡƵһƣӦʺȥˡ
ܽ˿ǰŶӵ˵Ҫǽ춼򵽣ǧҪܣһʱҲ򲻵ơ
ǵͷҲˣĵơ
̵ֵǶվſڿ֣ǻͷһμôáԴһȦҲ͵ûֿܼ֮һȡ
뵽ܼǵĳʳҲǹ˼оģҶڸ̾һλ˰
֪ܽ˵뷨վƣſڹվۿյӣϢ˺һ׾ơ
ǮѾˣƺʯͷ￴⣬ͻǮ
Ƶ˴󲿷ֶϵģֻи𼸸ϼһߡ
ϵ˳ֱӸһӣֱǮǮͭ岻࣬ǲ١
ǹһ׬˶ӣ׾Ƶ׬Ǯһ׬Ӳ⡣
ڸ֣ܽЦ£
ϳ극ܽ͹Ƴɢʳһ·ʯͷͻ˼ҡҲûʲô£ִŴ̳վȥܼ㡣
ʱǻûؼңͷʰɨϵţͣһԣܽѸ׼ľƷŵϣͷа˽ƣȡ
һ£һǧҪ̫࣬ƽ˺ȵˣ̫
ϵֵĺϲ£죬ͷ˵Լ֪ˡ
Ҳ˵ԼڼҲϵȡܴɩΪ˴ºܵλú˵ԼʹǮҪľǮ
ܽɫһ䣬ܴɩǮ˻ȥ˵ԼТ˳ģǮء
üϿ£в˵ǰ˵ŮãѾƵļǮҲһ̳ӾͿɲùŮôǮ
ܴɩǮƺʲô
ܴɩ˺˺ȥҪѾǮܽ˵䣬ͺ͹ƴҴһؼˡ
̾һܴɩﻹ߬ӣԺϵûҸСµӵʱٰѾǮ͹ȥ
ϵͷǾɣ׬ǮҲס
ǣҶ֪ġ


74 
˼վƺܿ, ζʹ䣬ûζ˱˵ζ볢
վ֪ҲԽ򵽡ŶƵȥԽԽ磬һʯͷҲŸյ, Ѿ˳ӡ
վÿЩ, ֻȥһܱ֤򵽡ȥˣǾǮҲûá
Ǿϻ, Խ򵽵ĶԽ
˼վƳ˴õĶ, һӵĺò˲ʲô, ˼Ҫóһ̳ӹ˼ҵվд, ǿһر£˸оԼܵӣһ˴壬һٷԵı鶼ˡ
¹˼վƾ͸˲õĶˡ
ͨׯ˼ң᲻ȥʮһվơֻڸϼʱ򵽹˼Ҿһ, صڲͣĻζ
Ҫ˵˭Һ˹˼վƣﶼӹöõ˼, ԷﻹûȢ޵Ķ, Լδ޵Ůġ
ܽϸ˵Щ¸оͦЦģԼҵվƾȻܳΪı׼ԼľǺܳɹˡ
ϻ˵ڶʮĽϵ, ϵΪ˻⻵, 쵽ŸСڴߣҲú, ҫ, ϳԷܴȥѰ, ȻΡ
ϱĲУֱܽЦЦȡ̳úϵţ⹫ܶ塢ܴȥ
ԳҲûܾŻͷٸϾǮͷӦˡ

һֱһȣվÿһʱ־ˡ
ʯͷɻ棬һӱһ¶Ȼ˱Цܽ͹̫֣ô׸ڼڿҲ˵ˡ
䣬һ˶˺ʵ¡ܽʯͷ¾ôһӨﳶ˲ͷָһ
ʯͷʱʱԸرǿ֮ǰܽ˵һ¸ĵĹǮ˷Ǯ⺢ӴգһǮܡ
ܽû취ֻţһ
ʯͷദˣܽ͹ƿڿܵһƽһɻ˷һȥժżӳȥ伯УԽĺãѪԵĹϵֵõҲĶȥ
ƺܽȥһˣʱʯͷ˵˷ҾĸǮ¡
ʯͷûҾĸֻ˵һ˵ĸˣԺѰ˷ҪܷʮӸȢϱ˵ԼǮûӦǸ˾ˡ
һ֪ǷҾĸܽ͹ͬʱü
Źȥûãˣ
ۣϴ˵㲻ͷܽһ£漴ЦŻʯͷ֪ˣͷҲûʷ¡
Ʋ֪ʲôûȥ
Ϸܽ˵£֪أ漰Ǯڲɿڡ
ܽڼװȥԷ˵⾿һʲôݣס´Ҫǻ£ͰסʯͷȥһͺãʡΪѡ
װôã˼µĿҲһۿ͸
ô껹ûıԣ̾һͷӦˡ
һϣڶܽȥܶ򶹸ûߵҾͼʯͷܹȸ˵Ǹˣλļˡ
ܽһ£Цһ¡ʯͷıЪһżԼͻȥǡ
ʯͷһߡ
ܽ²ӿ죬Ӿͻص˼̧ӣͼ˾״ڸҨƺȡ
ܽ߹ȥһľףͷɨһۣҲ͵ƺȣ
һƲͲܽ£ҹüҵľҺȵôˣҹûû˵ңĸУ
ʯͷĵɴ۾ܽתͷüҵľҲģչ˲շ㻹浱ǷҵĶˣ
ôͲҼҵˣҹҲǷˣĶҵһ룡Ҳûã㲻һ޽ˣ뵱ˣ
ܽøѿ࣬ߣӣʯͷʾһ£ʯͷ붮ͷȡ˸׳Ĵֹŵܽϡ
ܽ£ɵˣҪ
ܽƫͷʯͷҲ͵˰ɣʯͷЦˣ˵ˣһ
ܽĵͷеľк
ͻȻһֱţܴܽɩ洫׼ۼ
һ뵽ǰѷϲܽһŷ߲ݺݾӣһº
ǸôҲܽ󣬱˼֮Ϳʼ֡
ۼܽҪʧȥƣʯͷһӼս֡
⺢Ӳ֪˭ѧģϴרų
С󣬼˹ȥ
߳ŭͷһѰƵҪȭ
ܽ״ѧʯͷ̧־һӣһûһӻ϶ʹֱǣһֱ˹ȥ
ܽû⣬ӵĹʯͷ߹ֲһš
ʯͷȥƻܽŰ˸š
ںͷû￩һ£ӿ϶ǰûɺ£öͷߵǰͷӡսͼӣŲʡµķ
ϴ󾪣ôˣզˣ
͵ƺȻԲѷҴȥˡ
ܽŷϣôôֱӾ͸˵ס
֪ΪƣҪǲҲԼֶʵ̫˽ˣ뵽ǲͣ޲ٴơ
Ҿĸںͷţܽ÷ϻȥǣһȹƻ˷ٹȥ
Ҳ·Ҿĸ֪Ҳס뿴ҾĸǸģʱ֪Ҳ˵ԭĿġ
ܽţûþʹˡһ·ʯͷ˵ˣʲô˵ʲôȫ֪ݿսȭͷ
ܽסѷҸطţǰͷҾĸǻء
⼸˾ͷͷ˵Լϻѷһͳȥˡ
ͷ׾ƵĿˣܽʯͷ⣬Լȥͷˡ
Ҿ˾˺;ĸˮԶõܽأɫе㲻ÿ
Ҳ֪ʲôˣܽʱҲûųĿŵȥ˵
ϱǺõȰ㶹Ҫô𣿡
򶹸òôãΪȥ˵²Żˡ֪˾ˡĸҼңдˡ
ܽ£΢Ц˾ˡĸʲô£
ҾĸĹӣĵϵĻҳķ˵ϱһ¾ĸҪ˵˵ˡ˵һռ޽ϱʲôôԽĸͿʼܼأ⴫ȥЦ
ýܼҵģզͳԽңü
ܽǺЦҲҹܼңҶǹ˼ҵϱ˳ͷ˭ЦңϱֻȺʲôǣҪװǻͱ˼µݲЦĸ˵ǲǣ
Ҿĸɫˣϱ˵ˣ
⻰˵ģϱɲҡϱղ˵ʲô˾ĸҲˣôѲɻˣ
ҾĸҧһһѾͷ֮ǰǿˣ


75 
ҲǸ, ̣ǿżһĨЦ˵ǣЦ
ܽᳶǣǰֱ任ɫ˵ĸҲ, ˵
ǽĿˣ
ĸ˵ɡ
㿴㸣ӱҲ˳ɻ, ۼӲȴܲȽĸʮӸӳ, պĸٻ㡣
Ҳԩͷأ, ±Ҳܻɣ
ԭ¡Ȳ, ĸѵڶҲ˵
Ҿĸһϣ, üһϲǾʹЦͷ˷Ҿ˾һ£˵ڶ¡
Ҿ˾˺ǺЦ˵ڶҲɶ¡˾˿˸ӣǺӳҲܸʲô, Сǰ׻Ǯۼֲûˣ㿴ǿ׳, ǳ͡Ǻӻȥ, ˾øӹ㵱Сһ¹ǮҲҪǺӶһľˡ
˵⻰, ˵ʯͷɻ, ǹһǮû׻Ǹɶģ֮䶼, ôʲô
Ҿ˾˶ûɶ, ۾һ, ܸʲôľ˵ˣõҲ֪ҾͲ㣡˷ʱ䣡
仰𾪵̧ͷһĶ͸ˡ
ҾͶĿĵģһĸͬһѪԵҲûУ
Ҿ˾˾ͷһ˵£ӺͶ֮仹и鲻û಻ģ˭˵ֵþһиˣ
һ֣ر˵һߴȥû˵ĵء
Ҫ꿴ӹͦõôӡڼɶ¶ܣһæҲﲻǰһûã
ˣܽϷص
ŷҾĸ;˾Цû˵ĵأ˵ĵˣһʲôҼһٶķҸֱ棬ǻͰԼˣ
˵꣬һ˷Ҿĸϣ϶⼸겻ŸǼװ׽뻺͹ϵװȥˣǮȢϱǺҩԴżˣֻǰҵɸɵӶԴˣ
ìͷָ򷽼Ҿ˾ˣܽ˵žһλ
ԭΪ㻹ܺЩһ̫Ҳһ·ɫ㲻мָ񻹸﷭ͷҲʵڲôǶӾͱ˵ˣ˵ǸСǹҵͰҶӸӦ
ܽͷϵͷʮĶ˵ǲҼҵúôҽ͸ǣǮҹܣҶһҲմϣĴȥɡ

Ҿ˾˺ͷҾĸĻֱָǿĳôô˵
ܽһЦʱľͲˣ⻰ҲͷһҪָóѹңȰǻʡʡɣҿɲݡ
ӲᣬЩǵҶˣܽô˵Ҳ
Ҿ˾˺;ĸﲻͣ˵Ŵ治ƽʱ˲Ͷҽ˻ǣܽ˵ĻͼӴظһ飬ⲻǡ
ƿǵᣬҲĲᣬĵŭһ¾ˡǮҪɻĵ浱ҹ˼ûˣ
Ҿ˾˺;ĸˣ𽥻ϹƱæջߣηһ¡
Сǣ²ðˡ
ƲϻֱӰԼ˵˳
ҵݹϵôˣһǩֻѺպҪٸҲ
ͲˣҪǹ˼ѡǶס
ͷײ˵ģҪǩֻѺõż¼Ժ˻ھ֮ڣһʲôҲһҶ׵ҲļΥɷá
ɱһ䲻ҪʵʵûݣԺ󷽼Ҿ˾ƶС
ٻѡףδ̫ˣף˸
˵ЩԣšʺԶˣӹô˹ģ˾һҾԲôȥ
Ҿ˾˺;ĸҪ׵Բ۾
ףԺɶòˣвУ׿ɲܶϡ
ǲҺ͹ӲӲַֻ˵ûǸ
ܽöҲǰͷȡֽʺӡ࣬ݸд飬ͷӡ
Ͽ죬ջǵͷ
ԼⱲӿܾԵǳɣ˾ͶˣԺҲˣ
ưӡͰݸ˷Ҿ˾ˣҾĸקĸ첲Ҿ˾˽ӹȥĥĥĲϰ
ʱ˷ϣһһõĽУͼֹơϲᣬҡҡͷ
ۼûϣˣҾĸڱ¶ԼʵĿվԭزʲôʲ塢ҲТɥֻҪ˵Ĵʾһġ
鵽һҾ˺ƤҾĸ˵ʱǿ²ˣԹƺܽû죬ӷϺ
ôԴҲܹˣºһӵȻ˰Ѳ˵ŷҾĸһŵò˵
ͷֱ߬ס˷Ҿ˾˵֣־۵÷Ҿ˾˶ǵĺˣæڶϰӡ
ȹһ֣Ҿ˾ԺķҾĸӳ˹˼ҡ
⻹ʲôãϽ߰ɣ

ӵļûΪֵĶȥˣˣûϡ
ʱѾˡ
һǳһĴУһŤͷͿһ˵ͷǡ˫۵λÿնģڵҹɢŹĹ⣬ôֱֱĵĿ඼ͣˡ񷢳һҽУһ˹ȥ
ܽ˵ѷȥ˽ҰصأڴֵĴ
ôһҰصأܱ߶ɽ֣·ï}ûţỹ
ƾҪƵôԽѾܱˡҪǼŻ϶һƤ
Ķ黹ڹϣľ˯ˡ
뵽ϵػţܽôǣ͹һ£ûŰѶȥţŰ﷽Ҫء
ȥʱѾǵڶ磬ڴӷص˳ʱڼҡ
;ʹɫ˫۷࣬ΪһжܽɵģҲµҪܽԺֵĵɴ۾ӾͲҳ
ܽǸ۶÷͹ֱҵ˷Ҿĸ
Ҿĸ޵æ˵Υ˶飬Ҫץȥ١ȵ֪ŻûǼڲɫһ䣬룬Ҫǿ˽լñӡ
ƺܽ裬óϵļױҪûطϵء
Ҿĸǳģڵô뻹Ǽױ϶дŸĶˮĶأܽ˵þȥ˵˻صĵ
˭֪ܽиٲĸ磬Ҫֵȥǿ϶Բ˶ߡ
˼һи͵СӣȻԶҲ֪᲻ΪɱΪǡ
⼸һʲôûõȥ˵ռĶء
ҾĸӶˣҲԸ⼸һȥ͹˴š


76 
õ˵ƾȥŵݽ˶, һ·Ȼյ˲Ŀ⣬׻ǳɹĶϵˡ
ҪȻ֣ĶҲǸмһֻ
ûܽ͹鶼ܺ, ֻзѻ
, ƽŬĺġҲǲε£ϰæĻ, ʱһҲ߳, ָֻԭӡ

ԽԽ, ԭ֦ͷԾȸѾٳ, ƵҶ𽥵£ֻʣͺͺ֦ɡ
ܽҧߣ˶¸ĵĶ£ŵͷʯͷ
緹ʯͷŸ֦ڹ·Ūܽ߹ȥʲôء
ܽЦһ, ָԼĳӣ㣬㿴ЩӶˣ𣿡
ܽЦ, , Ҫء
ʯͷһϴɻ󣺡ҲҪ
ȻеĳҲҪġʯͷûЩ˵ĲӬӵڶǶȥˡ
ʯͷһ, ϹǳԷ, Ҳ˾졣
ҲԽԽˣ϶˪ˡ
ܽͷ, ͵ǰ, ٹһ, ڽͷ˺ܶ࣬ˮҲҪˡ
ʱȾ纮ʯͷɵôʵһ㡣Ķ¹ٸһ
ʯͷԴҡ˹һ˵Լжˡ
ܽĵĹƵĶ¸ϱȻһ£ЦŵҲûĶ٣ԭΪʯͷϻ̫ˣû뵽ȻҲá
ʯͷڳ壬ܽû·ĵ̫·ԤƻᵽʯͷϥǣŸոסƨɡ
ʯͷ곤˲٣·ã°ڳһƽҲܵ硣
ʯͷܿģЦŸܽͷ˵лл
һܽͣ½緹ʯͷȽݡ
ϳԵľСˣҶûʲôθڣ̫ҲԲ£һá
˳͵ǰͷ⣬һȻǸӡ
е˳ʱ棬һˣһͺ¿ӾͳȥŶӡ
ÿ϶֣Ϲ꣬Զ˻𼱻ǵ߸ҪŶ̲סǺЦԼҵ˵£תͷȴûӰ
һȦڸڵĳ￴ԼˡҲ֪ʲôʱȥģ˸ƺȺЦĸɵһʮ
ҡҡͷϽˢȥˡ
ܽ͹ôЩѴõľƵݸǡÿ춼æǼϰˡ˿Ҳңһ¹ԼĻ
ܽͷǮͷϴ˴ɩϺͽɩ
Ҫһ̳ľơ
ܽȵ̧ͷϺŽЦſһͦŸӣһҲ΢΢¡Ŀ˻ǰɰܽһ
иȻ˼ƣ治³⣡
ܽæǴ̨ͷվţʯͷæƣɩ˵˻
ɩҪֱӸ˵һˣαػŶӣӲ㣬һҪǱˤˣҿҪˡ
Цˣû£Сء
ôɩƣ˨øøأø
ᵽϺŽüҶϲ⣬ȥƬשͷˣμҾ˾˵Ƿ˲٣Ƭשͷʱǲ򡣽ȥǮ綩ϣȱһҲòǷ
ܽ۾ϲ塢Ҫ߷
ǣǰµġ
ܶ⼸Ҳû׬Ķ㣬ҶԸȥ򣬵Ҳܸʮˣ߷Ҳǵˡ
ܽǸˣЩڸǷ¡ϺŽһһش˻ڵţӹԼľ̳ܽϽȥæ⣬ˡ
ĿҲȷʵǶ̫࣬лʱ䣬ܽߣתæǮ
ƿܿģǸЦЦܽ˵ܶЩȤ£˱˵Ц
µķҲþûȥˣϼǹͷܽ͹Ƴջȥһˡ
ԺǳЩӲݣҲûʲô׵ġֵǮϵĶˣʣЩ̫õũ߻
ɽ·绹ͦģܽЩ֣ðŰ
Ƶ˺ˮֵַ﷭ӸڵţҲ֣ԼɿĸԺĲݡ
ϴĹů¶ͷҲˮůšܽһԣŹƸЦĺᡣ
ɽѾд̣ܽȥ֦ҡҶѾһء
ӦþҪѩˣҪʱҪץ
ܽţԶȪһҴɽһľ
ϱɽϿ˼ҵſ˻ΪǽˣŸӣϴ˼ܡ
ͷӼˣôܵ𣿣˦ͷ׷
ϱԺܽǾȣЦŶԭˣһΪأŵһæܹˡ
ܽ߹ȥϱЦǺǵĸƴк
ܽĴ˵ʲô飬ĶḧɩӶϲ
ϱЦЦϲˣӺҶͦõġ˵ţһ£ŵȻѡ˻ĺǳ¡Ҳͦ˵ģǰܾƯûиӣܶˣⱲҲû׻ˡ
ܽ΢΢һЦͦõģ⺢ӿ϶ܸɣһϺӵġ
ϱһ۾ʪ⡣ʹգ£ЦŻ˵ǡ
ȻϲˣɩôȥɽϿ񣬲ȥİɣ
治ǣԼסȥģҲá
ϱЦдŵ㲻˼ҲͦڵģţͰܡ
ܽͷƼͷܹˡȰֽ㣬۵ԭشŴ
ԼҲûɶӦˣ߹ϱĶӶģĲˡ
ǲǿӵķϣһϱĹĵġ
ܽЦЦϱȥϢĿԶȥˡ
һ˿϶Ҫܽȥܴңø˺Ϻܴɩˡ
ܽӹȥæų˶ٷŻӡ
ܽԼһû磬԰ûְײˣܽͷϵȥ˵㣬˸Сˡ
ײʱˣܽһ£йȥЩڶ˰׵ײˡ
ŹǶóԣײҲܳ⳴̲ˡˣܽҲˣܳȥ
¿һ±̣رãز˻࣬±Ķʮζ
ܽһξϲζ˸У͹ȥ±ȥ±ˡ
ɣҸһµ±ˡ±˱ʢװľڰ̨ϲͣð
ζ̫ˣܽҪĸ±ţõҸװ˼±Ѽ±Ѽᡣ
ز˻в٣ܽ˵±±źƬ±
ұװ߸죬ܽվԤ˶٣ܲǰֵԼǸƳգǾûкóԵ¾Ʋ˼վƲſӡ
ܽЩƣ±̿ԼҵԭЦŴӦԤ
ҺܸˣԤȡƵʱ䣬һӵزˡ
ƺܽûܾŶˡ


77 
ܽ˼֮ǰɹɵĹ, ʹ˵ҪԹ𻨱ɣ
޲ͬ⣬ʲôóԣĶŷѾ㣬ʲô㡣
Լҹ, ʱɹ˲١ۡۼҲ, һҲġ
ܽҪõĶ͹ƾߵѧøʱûѧ, ѧ洫ʵĶ, ٴ, ö
С͹, ܽ͹Ц˵ǰϲóԵģСסһ߲䡣ڶ飬һһأҲСʱ̰ˡ
Ц£ֶ, ˵첻Ҫ𻨱СǽסһɣҲþûĲˡ
ðĵطҲס, ֶܼǡ
ܽЦŵ˵ͷ, ͷ˵ȥֶǣȻȥ
ֿ, ܽͷ˵, Ҳܸˡһ֡
ǰͷ׾ƵҲû, ܽ, ʯͷеЪЪ, 档
ʯͷסһ͹ְæǰܽˮȻְ﷽ϰһͷ⡣ܽҪÿ¯ˣֺĴ˹ȥ
¯ǹƸܽģʱϲĳԵģҪʳҲûȻȵõǸСһ㣬ԵĴСҲˡ
ܽ¯˻𣬴ʯͷȡ𻨱
𻨵ζ㹻㹻ܽ滹˷ۺǣ˿̻ûʯͷŵ˹𻨱ζȿһóԣ
ܽѹ𻨱Ž˿¯Ҳˡ
Ժ˹𻨱ܽﳴˣԺ˹ùáùõĺ
һС͹ڹЦĿģǰͷܶһһ⼸ùҲġ
ܶѾֳ˸ܽ±ûܶر𼤶סܽĲӾԼûУܽ˵ˣ͸˵ֱ
С͹ҲڹùáСõĽܽһһӦˡЦѧûʲôҵд
СҡͷֱӵӽбĶҺСͱˣûʲôҪĶ
ܽˣ˷Ͻưеļݸ˵ţ˯ûҲûҶȥкǶɩġ˵Ƕ̫ܳԣѲ˶˶ӣ輦ǳȵӡ
ܶ˵ܳԣСŤͷģܽ͹ƶЦˡ
ܽԹ˵֪ˣϴ׼Է
ʯͷСվ˺ͷֲǰ˵
С͹˵ʯͷ飬֪˺ܶ࣬ϴкܹĸʯͷ˵
ӶһһĽţѧ£ԹûСǸûСòóԡôģ
ʯͷԭܽţǶԼƣĵĶԼҲ֪𽥷˷ܵĸ
ܽһĻЦһ£ùƿܶͷһȥˡ
ܶǻúöͣԺȥһ̲ͣһ״ʯͷƿһֶԿ¯Ȥ
Ȼһ㵫ᣬƲ¯ͲȥˡʯͷʯӣܹȥģҲˡ
ǵЦڹ˼Ϸûôֵĳ棬æ߿ͷЦ
˰ʱܽǳԷ
С͹ʯͷ˲ˣҲȣܽˡܶǶˣҲλƵѧŽ˲ˡ
ܽͷϿЦãæƱ
˹𻨱±ˣܽը˸˸ϺƤܶɩһʱһӵĲˡ
𻨱ͷһ֥飬ڳһȦǺÿܽԼãһһ
СͰģ𻨱˵ǺóԵУ֣֥͹𻨳֨֨ģڸһ
СֻųԱʯͷſʲôԣ˳ɶĲУһ̶ͣ
ܽιСܶԷűףԼĹĹĵģԵı˶Ҫ㡣ܽջ֣Լԡ
Ƹ˸С±ţܽЦһ£ͷҲԼķ
˿鼦⣬ܶͻȻץסӲԡһɻĿһʯͷָżҡҡͷ˵Ĳ㣬裬㡣
ϵļ˴ЦŶ˵ܶܵ˵һҪˣҪˡ
ܶСƵĵ˵ʵ˵ﻹ
ܽЦݾûʧǣԷ
ӺܾûԹĲˣٷԵĶе࣬겻ͣĴá
е㵣ˣȥҪ˵ɽ髣һ˸ιʯͷûŵҲ˼
췹ԵˣͷѾ͸ˡʯͷȥҲҪһܽʯͷ£ϺСһ˯⽫һ
ʯͷСĻǺܿĵģҪ϶ȥҲǶһͲ˼ĵ˵ͷ
ȥһˮƴżȥϴ裬᷿ܽ˱졣
ϴͽӣԱ㻹һһմͷ˯ˡ
С˯ҪһЩܽ˵ܽ׽Щ˭ϸֻ
ܽԼ˵ѧĸѧˡĸѧڷܡԼдֱӽѵġ
Լ飬˹Ƿܽȥ˯᷿ԼҲӡ
һúܿģֶǶһˣ׳ɳҲο
ܽʰڴϣ̲ס뵽Ժ͹Ƶĺӻʲô
ƿıͲµʲôסĿ϶ġ
Ҳÿ
кңŮ㣬ǵĺ˭
ܽһ

ڶһӾ뿪ˡ
𻨱ʣ٣ܽţȥһЩЩܴɩȥ硣
һˣȽǰЩӣͷһûᶳ°ҲΪ
¶Ѿ½ѩܿ͸һ죬ͷǰããһƬ
⼸Ȼ·ϻѩߣΪ󲿷ֿ˶˵ԵʣƵûٵĶȥÿ컹ôࡣ
Ҷûʲô£Ҳ߶ʱҪԼڼҳСˣһ˼ҵվƣͷѩСһɣ
ܽÿǿܶôģԲԸѩ컹Ŷӡ
ѩͣˣ˸磬żɨͿʼɨѩɨԺɨǰԺҪɨǰͷϻͦģôһƷһ
ܽ˸Ⱦ纮˽ˮ£ʯͷͷҲһ롣
ǽˣʯͷ͹дţܽ˸̿衣
¶ȣһĳ̾һпͷ̫ˡ
ܽͷůůǶҪٽơθǮ˵˽ʯͷ͹ƶִơ


78 
, ˵ϵǼкϲһأ
ϣϡ棬ԭͦ, ôͻȻһˣ
˵Ƕһȥ, Ϊ˷²źһȥİɡ
һǺ£ԺǮܶ, ΪͶ
˭˵˵ǸڱĸҲ, ⼸½½ߵūء
, ˻ȥźǲ֪ﰡ
̧ܽۿһ˵, ˴ŴǹʣԼĪҲġ
ܶɩҲ˻ȥæܽ˵ԼȥܼǸһˣϢ߶ɩ
˵ȥ˼һ£Ҳ˰æɣ
ܽһ, ͷĿôͻȻҪˣ
ұʯͷæͿЪЪˣû뵽ôáӦþͲ, ʱͲ÷ˡ
ԭԭ, ܽЦˣȱ˵ԼҵҸæӦõģ˵Ҳû̫Ļ, ÿҾͻȥ, ò˵ġ
ƻһֱܽӾܾˡ
ڲ, ԺҪȱ˵ɡ
ƻð, ĵԺҲȱ, ʱҲü
ȥܶɩţ·ܴ硣
ܴ󱳱һ𣬳˵ĺк˵ȥԼҵģЦźһߡ
ܽƷЬͷĶ˳
ܴѿƿͷĸǲ˵СãۼҽɱˣҸ⡣ҪǳԾóȥһ飬Ȼ䣬ʣµһöˡ
ﻹ⣿
ܽﾪȣ߹һۡĶ⣬ӺһŹǡַһ£ϻͷĸ㡣
ĶõģͷҲЩ˵ҲʮǳԺþõˡ
ôô࣬˶⣿жأ
ͷϵͺģּʱ˵ɱ˸ƽָ֣ô࣬˲ŷֵ٣
ۼҽķʣ˼ٽءÿ˶˲٣Сþͷİɡ
ô˵ܽ˵ͷҪȥװƸܴȥܴ缱æ֡
ˣ֮ǰ͵ƵûأҪǸգȥɩҵġ
ƺܽס֣ܴ绹Ҫȥɻţͷʼ⡣
Ѿ˱ĲҪܽûٴӿ⡣͹ưЩⶼŽ˸ﶳϣݼЬȥˡ

ڽˮѾ˺һˮϻ˲ˣ½·㷱æ
֪ǲܽĴоȥַ˺ܶ࣬Ҳˡ
⼸Ϥı֮⣬˼Źͷˡ
巢֮ĸ˶ͷģĺУͷһγͷôġ
о֪Ķ࣬˵Ⱥͷڹˣȫ˶Źͷ
ܽһǳ棬һȺ˵Դ·Ź̲סһ£֮治С
˶ˣӸ̺С̯С׬˲٣Խڡ
ϲ㣬ܽ˵˸С̯㣬뵽õˣһԡ
һ䣬ܽһ·вٱƤëͻȻ˹ƸŻƤӡ
һҲûƤӵ£ڻڲַء
ǶůЧһģó´ڰͷůˡ
ܽûԼѰ˼Żͷ¡ʹˣ캮ӦǲܣʱƤҲ̹
ܽôţһ·ߵ˼ĵط
һ鶼ˮģλֵľͷʱ߹Щζͻá
ܽһ۾Ϳ˵ǸСҵ඼ǶģǰﻹζĻ㡣
СдҪʲô㣿˵Լ㶼ںģһֱͣעˮˮȫʵĻ㣬ζرá
ܽ˵ĵͷӦǶҲࡣ
Сһ˵ԼĲס
ܽڴľѡ㡣
ûúͲ㣬ʷʺ񣬺һΪ
û㣬еǼͷҲ̫СܽһѡһͷʵĲСæ̡
ĺʣСץʱģ㻹ܽһˮ
СЦ˵˾䲻˼òɿľͰ㴮
㲻ˣڸղܽ߿ķϣСû۾͸ġ
ܽӹСл˵´λ򣬱ؼȥˡ
Ȼûѩϻв֮ǰĻѩһϸѩһƮܽһ硣
̿ůģܽݸʯͷĴѩ
ֻʯͷһܽһۣɻ㷽͹Ƹأ
ղһˣƸͷͷȥдˡ
ˣ
ܽԻˣʯͷȥ㣬ȥ˺ͷݡ
ǱЦ˵ܽˣˣ䲻䣿
ˡߵĿûöþͻˣô䡣˵꣬תͷǱ˿Цλǣ
Ƹܣǹľ磬Ǳˣһ걸̶ӣ֮ǰԵƤӾĶǸˡ
֪ܽˣתͷк
ľվַͷ˸̧ͷЦ
ͻȻͷؼϱҲûɶȻͷٸϱϣϱĪҪְ
⻰Ӧ˵Ŷԣ֪ľҪʧԶӭˡ
ľ͹ƹϵΪԸҲˬʣһЦ˵̫ˡ
ϷѾ˲裬ƺܽ£Ͽھ˳ȥʯͷˡ
ľƼӣתͷɫظ˵α··ϵʱ˵ԪصĹ˼վƿƾζ𣬱ȥһ¡һ˲ðúȵһͷȥ
ľ˵⻰ʱɤҲȵ˼վƵʱ顣
û뵽˿ຮıݻܺȵôľƣƢζƳϲĲˣ
һҾƵζóͷ˷Ԫأ뿴˭˲õơһ·˼ҾվǹϵģԵһҲ˵
ƺܽЦܽϱûʲôı£ĻԡľҪϲͷҸװһ̳Ӵߣûȥȡ
ϱĲǿԣһˣζʵ̫ãŲ˲ϲȵġ
˵⣬ľҲĨǣֱ˵ԼĴ㣺Һⱳ׬ͷϵһףպһ˵Ҳȥñ˳


79 
ƺܽסˡ
Ҳ̫ͻȻˡ
Ǳ, ǰջǴٹ嶼ϲԵľơһ¶ůģĺҲܰȥϵֻҪѾңҵͷһȥһϵһ׬ǮľҲ׬Ǯ, ʳһ׮
˵ô, Ҫ
ܽ͹ƶһۣ⵹Ǹûᡣ
վԼ׬Ǯ, ϶Ҳû׬Ǯһξȥһ󵥵ľ, ɢȥǵҪ׬Ķ̫ˣ
ܽǮҲʹ, ÿһһǿ
, ƶЦЦҲͬô
ֻһ⣬Ǿ̫СҲվƵҲȥ١
Ѱ˼£ľΪ˲Ը⣬, ԴһʹĵվϵҲøұˣֱӾҡ
ǿ˲Сһӡ
ƺܽϽͲǲԸ, ûôƵ¡
ľ, ǲԸС
򵥣ٴЩߡϵܺ͵ϱˣٶ
, ЦŵͷͬĻ
ľЦ˵Ҹղ˵ĻҲ, ϵܾͰѾңʣµĿҹľԼˡֻһҲҪϵ˵һ, ľϣѹ˼վȥֻһ, 뿴бٸˡ
ƿ϶ܻӭ, Ѿûȥһ϶б̶ӹơ
Ȼ໨ǮҲҪԼһϡһ·ҲǲСķãֻȷԼǱһ˼վƵĲ׬ǮȻһ˵Ҫ
Ŀǹƺܽ˵һ±гһȺƽֱгû𣬷ǵơ
ƺн飬˱ҲûĴӦ¡
ֽдԼľ͹ͷӡ
˶Զ֮ϲǵﶼܸˡ
ܽľһͷϳˣʢ
ľ͹ƱߺվƱлûôľߵʱȶˣ̶ӱ߳˹˼ҵĴš
ЩܽΪãû뵽Ҳˡ
ڴߣƴӺرڻܽѲεЦˣҪ
ư°ͷľѣ˫۶ҾȥˣҲһЪˡ
һ˼ԼЪţܽůúܡס֣Ц˵ЪžôãڼҰ׳Ըɷʲô͸˵ˡ
ҲЦһ˿˿Ĳܽһ¡
˭˵ʲô
ܽתͷһʲô
һ£ӡ
ͷϨ˵ơ

˵ҪܽҲ
ճֻԭĻϹӦһ롣
ʵǴ԰ѽʣеվƶľߣǮ׬ĶһƽʱʡˡǹƺܽϿ͵鲢ûôѡÿ춼ӭ⡣
Ǳﻹе㲻˵־ޱȵң̾˺ץơ
ҲôģڻǶ죬ҪҲҪȵ괺ؽⶳ
ܽվ㹻ף˲żȻڹӦˣֻҪ绹õġ
˿ĵҪ㣬һһɢȥˡ
ƱҪȥˣһҲסҪȵ괺òϲ˵ҲûطáվˣýҲæĹ
ƺܽһ£꿪ˡ
ܽû뵽ôԼľƻȥ˱֮ǰԼֻƹͼ˸ɻҲͰˣԽԽٹ̫鷳Ҳ㣬ֱҪʡһЩ
оҲܲˣʲôʱ˶ü
ľߵվǵʮӣ֮ǰվӯģܽҲһٶʮЩǮﻹû׾ƣҪǰ׾׬ҲϣӲ⡣
Ǯ׬˺ܶ࣬ˡҲҪǮǮǸḶ́ҲáֻҪ⻹ţҪͶǮһл
ܽЩ̾˿
꿪鲻٣ɵĻҲʲôˡ
վưԭһţΪûöþˣԿҲǰôࡣ
ܽǳˣÿ˶żȥˣٵһ
ʱ䣬ѸϵƤˡøϵʱ־ϲһ͸жĵᡣ
ܽˣָ˫ЬһʯͷҲһ˫Ь
ƿʲôûԼԭĻƤӸͷתһȦһϸƤ
ƤƤģرÿ˵֮һ˿綼Լǿ
ôõĶȻҲ˲ˣˣҲܻȥܽ˵˹һǮ֮Ҳ˵ˡ
ƤôÿܽҲټĴԼ
ִܽԼĨЩ֬ǼɫƤ۴ĸǶȿ˶ʮֵ
ƼǸˣýĵģÿ첻Ϊ·գԼʱʹԼǾˡ
ô룬ܽҲôˡ
ÿνǷǳܽԼִҲ˯˯˳ԣɷ۰Źģ˭ӹñã
һȥһת۾͹С
Ȼ껹һµʱ䣬ܽͷС̯Ҳû껹Ҫá
뼯нܽͷϾûҹܹǼ춫ȫģʱһ
ܽͷϴŴףűܶɩˡ
Ǹʮ塢꣬Ӳߣº
˿һ輦ڵ϶е㷢ףǶ߶µĸ˵ӣҼҷ˽ڼҸЩ
ܽ˦˦ϵˮæ˰ɣ
˵ͷѼŽܽˮӹȥ˵лл
һʱôûഩ㣿
¶䣬ƽůͣҴЩáղųļһʱͷ䣬ߵһ
ܽǰ𣬵ůٻȥ
ҡҡͷˮһںȸɾʱæأԼûȥæҪȻ˺үæ
˵꣬һԵķ˸񣬳һ·СܾԶˡ
ϿЦ˵Ǹʵںӣܰϴϱæ
ǰǸڿʵڵģɩ۹á
ڼðϹȥһ£滹װ˲⡣
ڼɲˣϱװЩҪǮˡ
ܽŴ׷ϣҲû⣬˵һȰ˱ҸɩȥЩӦϲԡ
ϵͷڹﳴʡ
ܽҪõĺ桢޲סӡԲȲ׼ãȡ˼ͷͿͣЩηŽס


80 
͹Ҳ, ȥ￴ûͣ˵ٽʣ
ʮɣԺٰ
ܽģһ컹һ׼ô, óȥк, š
˱ãȻҪܶ, ţҲ¡ܽ׼ŴҲ, ʣµҲ㹻ǳˡ
Ŵ׷ʢﰴƽ, мڸ϶ɳ, ˱÷Ž̲ܳԡ
׷ɢȿ죬Ҫ͹ȥһ·ҲͲ͸ˡɩӼҶҪԵʱԼ֭һˡ
ܽͼｻһŻûİ˱š
˼ұȽϽһ, Өòϱţһ档
ܽ, Өļӭܽ˵˰˱, ݸ
ǣţ˹ţͷܽС, תͷһӡ
һ, Өţ˲־Ҫȥװľ²˼ڱܽҪȥܶɩ, ѩص, ҲôණϽܾ, ˱ʱǵ֭ܽһ˱뿪˲ׯ
ܶɩĸ˻ǺܶģǰͷдˣܶܶɩһǮһ㡣
ܶſ棬Ƽæ˹ù붬Ҷ𣿡
ܽЦǰù붬ˣ˰˱϶ɩпˣǵýŶ
ܶĵһ£
ùýȥúóԵġ
ܶ¥ܶɩ㣬ӺͷܽЦС´βøͳԵģ˲٣ڼҶԡҸȥļûУζô
ûأϳԷʱһȡɩղˣζ϶Ҳ
ܶҵطһȲ衣˵˵˽ˣæתȥǮ
ܶɩ϶ۣܽ״ȥ㣬Ҳ˺ͷæ
Ŀ˵ҲʮڲͬĸǰͷפͣǳԼҪġ
ܽڴﳴŻƶ棬תͷܶɩ˵
Ż˵ܰ϶ɩæأһɲǡ
ܶɩЦһ£ǰԴҺɶˣ˸ӦƽҲ˰ҿŶȻСƤĺܣһˤһͷ
˵ţܶ¥ϲ֪﷢ƹƹҵܶɩΪˤˣü¥Ϻ֣ǲˤˣ
ܶ˾ûУ˵ز¥
˸ƻ˸ӣܶġ߾ֶܽùóԡ
ܽüЦģܶɩҲЦˣ˵ԭǷ䵹ﶼû뵽ѵ㻹ǵáùҲûһˡ
ܶ˵ùöãܽЦŽӹӰһԳӡ
ĵǲҲˣҲѾˣôһֱûϢ
ܽҲֻ̫֪ҽš
Ӧþ⼸ˡ
ܽ䣬ܴɩҴҵ˽ܽ˵˾СţתͷֶܶɩĵҪˣȥ˲ţţҲȥְɣ
ܶɩܽһ㶣⻹˵ܲٲܲپ͵ˣ
ܶɩæͷӦϵΧȹȥϴ֡ܽܶŵϣҲøȥа
ܶܶܽܶɩܴɩһ·ҽݸȥ·ܴɩûӨ£ܽȥԼתͷȥѰӨ
ؽ˵һʱ䣬ܽǵʱӢѾˡ
ĸûճȵӣԼĹŮĲˡѺӱˣǧˤתͷһԵܽôˡ
ܽ˵Լܶɩǣϵ˵ͷ
ɩȥĸȥ˯ŵķӢܽºͺ˵˼仰Ӿŵһ˵ζ
ϸæŮ򲼣ܽԼȥʰŪı졣
ܽŸճСֶŮ˯ˣһҶ¾ͳ
ϻάǸ̲סЦˣѸٵµı죬ѺӴӹŻ˴ϡ
ôţô׾ѵġ
֪ϻǲҶܸоһҪ
ҪĻԺԼĺӿеˣڻ̫ϣ͹ҲҪץ˺ӣȥչˣҲʡġ
ŮҲдˣϻһֱűأ
ܽû˼˵˳ȻɣҲãҪ˺Ϣһʱġ
϶Ȳˣһ㵽
Ѿ˼˴̣϶ʱҲˣ㼸ɩӰæ͹ˡιҲûôûûȥָżأ컹ûץȥɡ
ܽͷȻȥˣȷʵ֪ء
ϰߣ·Сġ
ܽĸɩǴкŹƻ᲻ͷͿƽҽݡ
Ǵܶģ֪˷ʲô£ûиղôżˡ
ܽЦԴˣ
ˣɩһصŮСֶŮܽ
Ƶͷݼ˺Ͻˣָĸк˼ܲÿ֣ܽղżûô࣬£ֳȥЩǺͼ͹ȥ
ôһҲˣѶ˺ϣܽ͹ƻ˼ҡ
˱Ѿ˺üأʯͷȳȥԼǰͷǻϵ֪ܽΪӢˣϺϺĸˡ
뵽ȹСĸ綼˺ӣĵؿ˶һۡܽͷȼһȫƽ˹ȥ
˼ûһߣسİ˱
ʲôѾŬˡ

С󺮣޷Ժ
˼ңǶɡɼҹˮȻûɶ£ȫˡȻ䣬̿ɲȼ̫࣬ҪȻ˯ʱһ㣬ȻƮʲôϣ˵žš
ܽͷ˵֪ˣ˵˾л
ֱüͷ˵³£һù˰
ɲסһȫոɾˣŻѸ˼ҵһ롣ⲻҪǮԼǷʱҪھӵģж൹ùˡ
˵꣬£ȥ꼯ûУϿˣʲôĶСȥһˣԵЩء
ܽͷϾһ£ǻͦϡ档ͦæģҺͽûȥأ㶼ðˣ
һ˵ţԴ˭ҿ˶࣬ˡҾ˵Ķ⡢˶ûأȥ


81 
һ, תͷܽ˴ֶŮܸܲЩվƣŹá
Ȼû⣬Ҫٽ
͹, Ҫžˡ
ܽЦһ, ͷƳɤӺϣϣ
ˣһҪʼæˣ
ϸܽӣͷ˾, ˸ȥˡ
˼ҵҲûĶȥ, 겻ֹվ, ׾Ҳ졣ּӴ׾ƹӦ, ÿæ
СӵӡСϱһһǰͷʯͷ׾ƣϺԱͬƵЦ˵ˣԼҲЩ׾ƻȥѺ
Լȣǹ㡢ռҲð
ĵҲͦ
ܽվƵʱвº, һൽͷ궼úòһԼ
϶ӿ, ܽͷСߺ̧ͷڽȥ, һ֥յСһΧס
Ͽ֥յģæ˰־׷˳ȥһȺＷһͨ, ˲֥ջ
֥ղ, Ҫ˵ʲôôҲûУͼһòͷ, ڳϦҹϲϡ
ܽﳤ˲, , 
伯ԼҵšҲҪˣǰܽҲûԡ
磬ڼ￴ңܽ͹ƴʯͷ
ֽǮˮߡѼ⣬Щһʱ䣬ܽԼȶܶˡ
Ҫ£ȻҲȱ·˳Ӧϰףܽ͹ƻȥׯ˲
Өⲻҵľ٣ţڵԼ֥ǣǰͷӨϺƹ˶æŸ˲ò¡
֪Ҫ£ӨõĲøǮʱƴľܾܽҲǹռ˵ģ˺ûнӺ͹ƾˣӨ׷ȥҲû׷ϣֻӡ
ҪȥǡɹصһҪ׼빩Ʒɨ⼸˵ܽˣöֵĹƺʯͷ۵ĹǺ
Ъţʣͷɱ꼦ӡԼŹˡ
ܽҲûгɣϽŷ¡һ۳ƿĽüͷ뻹粻ˡ
վʣĲ࣬ܽԼҴҪõģʣµĸ׽һָպ÷ꡣ
վ½½ȡߣʱҲ¶ʮš
ϵ̽ѾˣҶæڼ﷢ͷˡ˵ڿ𽥽ƮԶ󹷷͡
ܽ͹ԼֵԺɨأұͷ˶˹Ҿʺá
ʳ㹻ưѸ׼ݸǡһЩӡǿ飬˼Ѽ⡣
ϾҲԼڿҿҵĸ˴ܽ͹ϣҲܳԶٷʢҹĺꡣ
û뵽ִŶԭظм㣬ͣ˵л
ƽͣǣӹܽĺ⣬ԼЦ£ҵǶȾ˵ҪҺ⣬ŻûҲҡԺ»Ҫ˼ģϣ궼һ˳졣
˼ֽӹ⣬˵ԼһΪͿءľҲףˡү⡢Դ
ܽǼˣ͹ת뿪˼ҡ
ұҡһº⣬ͷžͭڴҧ촽򿪺һ۾ʱϴ󣬻ͷͷаǮأ
ذһְԼĲһͷҲ˰ͭ壬ֵҲǡ
ֻǸǮ͸ˡΪһľ˲ˣû뵽ֱӸ˰
лү˰
ݺᣬ˫֣˱ȭȥķͣлҾ

ʯͷڹ˼ҹֻ꣬ʣһܽ͹ƿ϶Լ
·ߵ˼ңܽ͹ʹ
ֺܽ˿ǣݸĻ񣬽ͷסĴϡ
ʯͷҧǸ˵һڹƺͷ⡣ܽЦһ£ȥ֮ǰ⿺õļ빩Ʒڷŵݹϣ˼ڿͷѹһ㡣
ＦѼⶼʰˣ͵¹һԶڣƹƹҵԶ
ͽݸ㣬ŴʯͷܽڻϿ㣬ƿ˹ȥ
ʯͷСڹߣڶ˺һӣֿĵİѵŲ˹ȥ
⻹ͷһΰӣܽͷϽôһͰģģæʯͷЦ۾²ĸһְӡ
ҹһܽĲ࣬ص㹽ˣĳ˸ཷ˿˸ں֮ǰŹ˼˺Źǡ
ĸ˵ķ󣬱ϾϲͷϷԵҲ̫
ϻҪҹ緽Ͻʯͷȥ᷿˯Ҳϻ˷Ϣ
ܽԭ̫ȼ̿ůģڹƵĻûһҲƤ˯ˡ
˯һʱŵĳ˱ȥϷء
Ƶĵү̵ķض£ϰֽǮ;ˮݸҪ»ǮͷҸţȥȻһһأϵҹһܳϡ
ҲţģǼǮҲ˼ҴʮڼҹܳǮĲɵӡ
˵֪зٻȥ˯һԼŶȥ˷ء
ܽ˯ʱϴ˰ֽʮæռѼ㡢ӣҼһϱȫ
콥ˣҸʼ˺ϳȥһۣԼ׼ĺҲ˴ϡ
͵ƣϻԺӱůΧûһڰ֣á
ƻˣܽϴԼŷߵ·֥աͷѾ˺ͯʱЦ˶ЩܿҲˡ
˽ʯͷ֥ߣ֥ձ̤Ц˵֥鿪ڽڸߣ֥գ˶ƽ
ͬꡱȡгӭ飬ƽ˼
ܽͦȤģʯͷ͹Ҳȥһ顣ԭ֥ǸǲȵģܽüȻǺòͷӦ˶һŶԣǱŷҲȥһȡ
ķΧȷ˲٣̻ܽҲӶѳġ
̻Ҳ˸óҹʱ򣬹ƺʯͷȥſڵȼ񣬻ͷݳԷ
ϵռѼ㡢ɫζȫ˼Ǹ¶Ӿ͹һʮˣ֮⻹ˡز˺̣һַʢֺÿ


82 
ҶԷ, 㵽ʯͷ̧ͷȥʱȽϲãڵóԸԱŵֻܽʣҸ
ܽԼըСҲ룬ǰ궼һһԲ, Ȼ˿ڲ, ҸĸоȴһҲû٣޸ⱲԵ¡
Ҫ, ϶˻ü˱߳ԱߵȡǸղŵҹԵʵ̫, ЩҶûôԡ˳ԱͰ, Ǳⲻ˵ġĸһ˵˼仰, ľͶ⡣
ܽһֱǷȰȥ˯ҲһҪأ͹ˡ
ûô˯ҲסˣĻӡ
ӲŹҹʯͷЦŸ˰, ܽ͹ƽסҪȥ˯һͲ
ǸѹǮ, Ǯ̫, Ҳ㹻ǻЩӰԵ졣ôĹǮӽһġ
ʯͷѺ, ˵ĹǮִҪܽûаռʯͷǮͷ, ɵñҪǲվͲӰæ
ʯͷ⻰İǮ˹ȥ, ̲סͷɥһ, ͻȻһ⡣̧ͷʱ۾, ܽ㣬Ǯˣ֮ǰҲܰãǮ¡
ʯͷӹǮó˰˵ЩǮӦùˣ͹ƸǧҪգȻʯͷûɻˣ
ܽ͹ƶЦˣ⺢ӻͦѧõģûܾ˵á
ʯͷ͸¶ŽʣµǮҲû˵Ҫǣ˵Լȥ˯ˣƿ˳ȥ
ܽ͹ƾ϶ʲô⵫׽͸ЦЦˣҲȥ˯ˡ
........
һͳûݣܽ͹ƲȥҴš
ȻҼҶٳԵģ˶Ҳûٴ˸ϵľƣͲƷҲһЩ
֮ԳŹǺϸǵݵţźüŮϹͷ⼸첻ֵҲþûһˣһҲ֡
ܽ͹ƵʱϻܴſӭһȺ˴ྻѣɫһ͹Ķ
ҶܸˣܽźϵֽԺӣͷ÷ܹһ¹Ƶļ򡣹ƶćNɪûջ𣬷һܣ˲û˳ɾ͸С
ԺＸһ棬ܽȫһѷ˹Ӻùá
С͹ư꣬ҲŸǰꡣţС˵Ҳ˵ùáøá
ܽ͹ЦӦˣѸֶ׼ѹǮøǡӢûӣܽҲûʣͰ׼ĺݸĸ磬ͷȥ
ܼҸӵĺ˴ջȥԻ֮Ҳ̫ѹǮһŸʮĹľˡ
ܽҿǸĲ࣬ȻԼôֶӡֶŮһǹǮˣ
Сŵܵ߿ˣܽϺɩྐྵ˵
ȱ˴˹˶ԷξͿʼİԡ
ʲôҵϱֻˣǼҵϱϣ˭ҽȢ¸˭ֹµء
ҳҶ̣ܽŹӺŲˮĽζ
̸ᵽϱ˸ӣȪʵڼɻҲģģڼӡ
ܴɩʾ˿һۿ͸˱ﶼ˭뵽иĺõһ죿
˵˵ͷܽϵĴӣʵɩǲҲˣǶӺɩҲû١
ɩѾˣǰϦҹġΪڻˣǸʱŶڼҳҹأ˭ҲԸڹմȾѪܵ¡ӲһţһæҹһҶûԺá
ܽŶᵽżֽŵ飬˿̿ŹӵĶһ£ǲҪȥУⶫû׼
ùȥɩȥ˾ˣ˶ҲɩϢпͣҲһʱ
ܽͷЦʣ˸кŮ
ǸСӣ¿ĵˡ
һЦţͷһŮ𣿡
ܽͷһϲĽеӢӣҲ
ţӢվſڶЦǰҽպûԺﶯСͲӦǶˣصع˵
֮ǰ˵һֱҲûϣܽǣְһȦЩҲû
㿴ſɱ֮ǰҪԲһЩżûٳԺóԵİɣ
ʲôⶼҼǳСֵ֮ģÿٳҲûݻȥ
ܽɵˣ촽㣬кˣ
ţӢƫԴЦдһƤû뵽ɣҶӶˡ
ȷʵû뵽ʲôʱ£ôҲûϢ
ȥʱϵģҲû¡˵̥಻ãºӻᱣסһô˵˭ûҸߣŸİ̥ҩС˲Ÿһš
ܽĶžôҲ𣿡
ûʲô£ǿһЩ˵ҪҪһӣҪȸܻ֮ҶҲһûУ̥Щ㣬׿ԣԺžˡ
ܽͷ̾˿Ҷûʲô£һҲ˿ˡ
ţӢǶҲҡҡͷתͷЦ˵ЩˣҪҪȥҶӣ
ܽ۾Ҳȥƣ
ţӢܽȥ˸ڣĺģܽôôÿɰţҴ˽ʱܽҪȥ
ţӢЦ˵ҲϽһʱͲô۲˵ĺˡ
ܽҲûʲô⺢ӽץԼСľ㲻ţЦŰѺϵϵ
ľ֮ǰ͹йʱģֻͷģطľͷġȻֵʲôǮĻ֣͸СҲͦõġ
ӾˣʲôҪˣԺ˺һǵûȥֵãǲҪҪ
ţӢֻܽͣҪľͶֵǮôһ㣬˵Ҳһİɣ
ýӣûô˵ţȥСľ㡣
ܽ⣬ԼվƨɻȥˣţӢôͣ
Ҳˣܽͼ˽һԼȥţʲôţӢ˶ӻ˻˶°͡
۵ʱܽ͹ľ˵¡ƲʲôģЦЦҪϲ´ȥ
緹ܽ͹Ҳûߣ粻֪ĶѰҶƣŹƻֵܼ


83 
ܴɩǹȥż˴, ʣܽͺڴϢ
ҹùͷܽһºÿĻСǲ𿪸ͷ
ѾͷСС;֪Ժ󳤴˿ɸ˲ˡ
Ư˶, ǼҵĴ糤Ŀ, ȻҲͰһ㡣˵ǲǣ
ͷ
ϺǺЦ˵⺢ӵʱС, ȴƫƫסáۼ⼸Ҳ, һ׽, ⵹Ҳϡˡ
ܽʮֵ, ˵еıˣСϲ
˵ܰɣ˵һ£ɩ￴һӣ̸ǮȼǮҲҪᵽȥˡ
İǿǼϲ¡شǮôܽϲȸԾ, һͷһƫͷʡ
λúڶ֣ǱȽϿ󡣲־͸ɩǸһ, һ¥ӡ¥ס, ط󹻳ǮҪһˡ
ﻹдһҹȥס£ӵҲˡ
ҲΪûռλЩϾ, Ҫ, ٲҪһҲֵˡ
ݶ˵Ҳͻһ, ò˶ǮλòҲ, ۼ, ֻҪܵǽҰ⣬˹ȥġ
ܽһͲµܴɩҪӵĴ㣬ȻƾӣֵܿǶϻѡ¡
ӿɹ𣿲ôɩǧҿ
áּʱǾ͵һӣʱ׬˲٣Ҳˡ˵ҺҲŵǮʱ֧ӦţʱҲˡ
һ´ɩӣܽЦˣɩҲã
ǲãȻ£˵ĻǹõġֲǸǣԺٻˣŪÿ׷Ц
ܽ˵ǣʺϣҲϸȥ𣿼ܷĵ£
ֻ֣ջҲеطסҾôĶأҸһò˶ʱ꣬ҲѾ
Ҳͦõģ᲻øأôĶҲ
Ǹµȥ⼸Ķأһׯں
ϲЩˣͷĴ֣̿ùøƯƯ

˰ʱϵͻ˼ҡ
³˻ңܽ͹Ҳڳȥ⹫һˡ˼ùöԶһ·ҡΡ·̵ȥһ˴˶ʱ䶼·˷ˡҲùڹȥÿ춼׼ý˳·˸ùȥ
Ľܽ׼ģЩù˲ԼҵվơùǵĽͷһְշϵЬӸùÿ˶˫ЬȻǹأҲֶϱ⡣
Ź˽ְѸɩĶ˹ȥܽûˡ
ʯͷ˹˼ңûٹ
ϸ˵Ⱥϰʯͷһȥһͣڻûء
ʯͷܽ͹ҲˡȻûʲô£Ҳˡ
̹ʱӶţû²ģҲû´š
ڵݣƽڼеģø߰ӵ˵
ʣܽ͹ˣɸ˿ռ䡣
ȻƽҲûţĶôڡĵÿľϨˣͷȴ˰ҹû˯߶һ緹ϻûӸڻֱܽƱ
ÿ춼ҪһȻ𣬷Ϊ󲿷ʱ䶼ڸû£˵ˮ׿©ˣˮûر졣
ܽΪ⻰ٻһ㣬û뵽Ǹӣֻÿˮʱ򣬼ǵˮˮײ
ܽҧء
ƽиҪܣѵôеʱٲס
ܽôŹƵ۰۰ϣֻҪԻָһЩֻᱻʰһʱ£ţܹܽЪ
ϵİѩʧܽ¶֮ǰѼʣ⡣
Ͼ͸٣ʱԼһ㡣ڹȥһų˲׵⣬ʣµպá
ɾͶˣˡҪķ¡
ľǱţǵվڱܺڱ˼վƶˡһվʲôʱܹȡӦľܲٶ
ûʼվҲû취ṩôࡣ
ƺܽŸһվһºȡֻȥһ㣬Ҫô໹ҪȽ＾С
ľһֱڵǵĻţյ֮Ȼеϧ֪оѾܲˡдһŸ߶һ֮׼ʱãʱ̸＾վƵ¡
ܽϹľţԺļ΢΢
һԹľĴ̴ЦŶͣүļ񣬶ǱһЩزϣܹϲ
ܽһ¹ƣƶЦЦľһֱˬʣûʲôģ°ɡ
˵ܽͷˡ̴ӰԼһл˹ľˡ
˲ٶбţɡǡңҲгװƷܽϲͷ˵ҪЩľ磬ҪȻԲԼô
Ц£˵ͷ

Ҫʳɲ٣ǰ̶к̶ӻҪһ²ܰҪʳ׼á
ܽ͹ҲҲûطţһ֮ࡣ
֮ʼ𽥻ůܽȥûԵҲûõȥ
վѾʱܽƸǰһ£ֳԤϵԱϴҪ߳١Ҫܽĸ˿ʼ
æֻˣϺʯͷ׾ƣںͷæ
ůؾͿʼⶳˣưԼҲ˵طһ飬Ѿ͸ˣ˺μҾ˾˹
μҾ˾˽˲ٸǷĵӣǴ󲿷ֶ߳һпա
ƱҪأǰͷܽóȥһӣͳȥʮҿһƬͷǽֵ߷ݣһƬӲݵĿյأȻʮס
ҪһǸסӣǷĲֿ⣬Ƶĵطˡ
ƺͺμҾ˾˳ﻮһ£ٸǼסˣֿҲòֱںͷٸһġмĵطƵӣұ߾ɹͷžƸס
ܽ˵Դ˸һŵĳΣӴŽһס˵ӣмƵĺͷֿ⣬úͷ˶һš
ռ䶼ûб˷ѣҲԡƹѯܽź;˾İ졣


84 
ôĵطҪ޽, μҾ˾˺͹æġ⻹ǸʱĻ²ãʳûطţû취, һĥ˴, ʳʴ󽵵ͣʱʧɾʹˡ
Ǵʱ, Ҳ׹͵˵, ܴǵҪæ, ǼжҪæ, ܽ͹Ҳ鷳ǣܾ˼˵ĺ⡣
Ʊûطã״Ҳֻܵȥˡ
꺺ӣʮ꣬һʮߵꡣ˸ڹƵĺͷԼİ, ͷӦ͸һģһжİãȻҲв֪ʲôĽ޴롣
꺺ǰǸһϲƿׯӵ, ׯ˱, òǾ͸˳ȥ
ֵͬܣһԱļӣΪʵƨӲ, Ҳˡ
Ǹ, ҲͦġԭҲׯ˼ңϼ, ΪֿڷԱһū
ܽԼ˵еͬ, Ҳ˶ˡ
Ժǹ˼ҵ, ˵ĹϵǻҪܡԹθģȷ˼˶ʵֵĲŴ˻
ڸɻ鲻룬ҪûбµģʵҲѡǡ
˽һˣĸܽʺá
ܽûڼӣº͵ЦЦ˼˵ֺǺʶһ¡˼ڻûаǵĵطֻʱίڲֿϢӽǾܰȥ
ֿطֲڷ絲궼⡣ûסڲֿôܲί
ºͿŵ˻ȥӹ˿ˣһжү
ҪɵĻţƺܽҲ˵ЩġЪһǰѶźˣʹǰμҾ˾˵ĵͷæ
ԭǽûƵһǽ֮ܽ͹Ʒߡ
ͷݡľľ׮ͷܽǼ׳ͣơ׾ÿ컹Ҫ͹ȥһһŴµ׾ƣ˵˭æ
ΪûУ綼ǷϹ
˶Ҳɣͷױӣⷢ͵ľ衣Ĳ԰ѾϴʯͷհѲȥŸոȥĲѣϣϽɣԲ˾ͲڻǮˣ
ܽͷžƣżҲȥͷ￴һۡ˶ܸɵģŹЧرߣһͲ˿յеӲݡʵõػȥľ׮ʱһ²ֿͰεض
ٶ죬ܽҲӿԼƵٶȡǵľãǾҪˡ
ˮ࣬˸ɻһûꡣҿµĶëëϸֻʹòľѿ̣ûӰǡ
ܽľˣҲ˴롣
ʳĶ࣬ƵѺݺݵ׬һʡ֪ԺҪôʳ˵㵸˽ԺʳԸ͹Ҳùȥȡ
ûܾʳǸ˹
ţװʳһ˾ͷţʳž˼Ϊ˲⣬̸˵һ£ҹ˾ʱ˳ǡ
ܽϸ΢Ķѹڴڴѡͷˣָѱ˯ȥˡ
ﲻȱ֣ܽҲʵԼע⣬ȹֳ˯ȥ
ʳѾźˣֿⱻѵģܽһֱС
ڸﶥéݣܽøľվƣڵ̧ͷæ
̫ͦģܽյĺˮһεε䣬ϴұˮȥ
ܾÿɬûζܽ죬ľϷƤ١
ұһЦŶ˵ǽſһСģʱҲ֪Ķӡ˼ˮͦ㣬Ҫ㲻ԡ
ܽ¿ˮ˵˾лӹӡ
̵Ƥܽ곢һ¡ӵȷͦᣬζҲ̼ڳ˿ˮθˬĿζһӾͱ嵭ˡ
ܽԽԽóԣˣƤһҲҪ˹
ұٺ֣˰һҰǴӶø㣬ҺҵֵǶԲζ˵˷Ǯأ
ܽͷұݰǴȡܽľܾܽʮĵǮ
һС٣ܽ߳Ա߿Ǹɻ

ľ˵õ׼ʱ˹˼ҡ
죬ܽһӵĺòˣϼ̳Լҵվƣʹغһ
һĹ󣬹ľվƣʮӡܽ˲ٵĺɰٴεõ˲䣬ڼЦҲ˲١
ٳԣΪϲת˼Ȧҵұ˵Ǹɣָ١
ֻܽ࣬ӳԳԾˣЩӵͷǽ˹ƵĶ
ϣѾˡ
Ƽһû⣬žʹһվơΪʲôܽҲ˹ȥ
ʦͽܵϷһݣֻϴͬģεʦ⻹ĸ̡
˵Ҳ۲ܽʲô뵱һæתûôƫƫ;۵Ĳˣûæһ͵ڵЪЪƤֹסĴܣֱǷ
Ʋææ죬ܽ͹ϴͻȻͷۻһȥ
ŻˣһѰסҲǴ󾪣ͷӿ˹Χס
ƽҲӦн֣ż˽˼䣬ҽ˹ȥ
ܽʲôֻ֪оԼ˯һϱȸղˡ
Ĵߣ̽˹ѹƲסϲ⣬ǺЦˣɾ廹ﲻ
ܽҡҡͷ۾һȦĶ
ҺĸҽסӡӢŻʣЦŴһ˹
ҽݣôҽˣ˵ţܽüһ£Լˣ
ϲˡǣ֣ܽдż
ܽŵĿŹƣַԵСҡ.ϲˣ
ЦŵͷһɩһЦ˵ģҺĸ绹ʦһȷ˲Ÿǵġ⺢Ӳһ»ûȣôµεѾõˡ
ʮΣǸĵͷûչ˺ýˡ
ܽϲϲУο˼䣬תͷɩԺӻӰ𣿡
ӢЦŰģĸںͷҩһ˾ûʲôˡȥ֮ǰô࣬ҪڼúŲǡ
ܽЦˣƣô£Ժ඼ûлᣬƵġ
ͷЦĺ᣺˵ƣҲȥˡ
ܽŬŬ죬ӢСһֱ˵Ӵȥˣü˶Цˡ


85 
ĸѼõҩý, ֶһ۽
ưҩι£ܽҩֱüͷ۽ŸоЩ
һϲ£Ƹ, һһЩҪעҪ㡣Сϲĸʮָ, ôһ׼˲ǰͷŹƹȥҪٽһЩ¡
ԼҲ, º͵ĽܽϢһ, ҴҴ, æ׷ȥ
ӢԼϢ, ٺú˯һԼźҲˡ
ܽڴϻһ£ζͻ˯ɲǻеı֣ȻɩǻкƵķӦֵԼûⷽ롣ûʲô⣬ȻҪˡ
С, ܽٴϮ˫, ûö˯ˡ

֪ܽϲʱˢ, ʯͷԱջ𣬲һͱͷ
˭Ҳû£ȫͻϢϲĻͷ
Ӧ, ʯͷȭͷ͸˲ͣĵϲϼ, ָܽ˵˵
Ǻ, ôˣ, ȥɡ
ܽȰ˵, һ˽ȥʯͷļЦҲݡ
˵ܽιȥ£Լһơһæʲô
ھΣǰҾͳ٣ŵľһҲûԣͺ£Բס㰡
Ͼ˹һӣȻǹ˵ܶൽĶȥ
ܽæز£Լûע˵Ǳˣû»֪ϢǶӦø˲ǡ
ϵ˵ͷƽԺʲôҪˣɶ͸
ܽڳ˰˯ҲûоԼ֮ǰʲôͬطԼҪԵĶһҴţġ
üЦӦˣйƷϢԼڼ˺һϢˣϲ̵Ӿͳš
·˷ţܽûԼô
ߵϿĵطͿ˹Ƶִֿ֣죬ͻԷ˽ԴεЦЦ粽ĸߡ
Ǳ߻֪ţܽ˯ŵʱ򣬵ܼ˶Ϣ
ϺϵķӦһҲȷϲȻȥţ£ٻʱһĶֱֱľͱŹ˼Ҿ˹
˽Ժʱܽº׿һϻе¡
ϻû˼ſھͿʼŮ֣Ժȸϡ˵˼仰ž͹ǣסܽ֡
ôôණǰѼҵ׶ˣ
ϵڸЦǺǵ˵°ᶫܽҲ˵˼䣬Žӡ
ʲôడⶼ͸㱸µġӼץֻĸִ˲Լĸµļʱǳ˶Ǻõġ
ЦŽĸĹܽƽ̹ŵС
ͷţϻиּǺҡӡʲôģͷִʡûڼҾͳԵ㣬Щ㣬ԺҲã
Լźϱȷ϶̫ˣָƽ¾ͲҪˣڼһӣ̥Ҫȥù㡣ڼҲһֱţûҲҪӲųýʵ㵽ʱҲ
Ÿջϣ϶뵽ʱȥˡܽסੲݵĺϣЪո˯ɫ㲻̫ãһ£Ǹ
ͷһϲʲôҲǰһﲻģһȥɩ˵һϼٻȥ˼ǰ󣬺ϻǾչ˹Ů죬⼸Ҳøϴڴھ顣
ҪԼסܽȻǸ˵ģ´ûɩǱæųң˵СҲҪμˣôôù
ܽͺ˵Щ£ϰ˰֣ôĶҺˣɩҲ⼸죬СμҲһ£Ĺʲôᵢģͱˡ
ôһ˵ܽͷˣźϵĸ첲˵ϡ
緽˲ٲˣϱ߳Ա߸͹Ϣ˺ҲܸˣϾˣǰ˲ġ
ӽҪչ˵ʱ򣬿ͷлû취ʱߡĸչ˽Ȼ⼸ð°һ£ʱһоͺðˡ
ٷ꣬ϸϵȥһˡȡ˳Ҳܴһ
ϹסˣҲȥơ
˷ϲ¾ˬһ뵽ԼҪˣϵЦݾֹֹסرãϴʳʱɵ֡
˵֪ˣ˵ϲ̾үͷ˵ĸĺã͵͵Ц
ЩʳҪã»Ϊͼ٣ԪϲԼʣµһ˴һֳ飬ֱƵĲͬ֡ⲿֵĻѧˣٸ黻
ôһ˶ְֵĽţѧϰϰͬʱƵҲû£ٶȱ֮ǰҪˡ
һжŵľܽĵ˦ƹ
ÿ춼˵˷ͺͷʲôóԵġһ˯͵᷿ҷϣһ߷С޴ѡЬӣһ߽չиͺӵ¡
ĵڶ죬ܴɩǼԼùÿﶼŶŵҲһӡе˵˺һŻȥ
֮⣬ܶҲܴɩһĶҲûãϺõʱæһ
˼죬Źƶ˿УŮҲûʲôõģʰ˶ܼҡ
ܽûʲôõģоԼ嶼֮ǰҪǿ׳˲١˾һ㣬һ㲻ʶûУǾ
ǰӷϸ԰Ĳ˽ˮһˮͰˣĵſͰˮʱƼͷһͰһԶˮ˷㣬Ծʹһ˹ȥ
Ͱˮһһ˹ϻͷŵˣˮͰ߷ڵϣ¿һȦɶûвһ
Ϊ¹ƻܽһС˵ԼӡڵϿ֣ܽ͵תͷҡ
ܽΪиееģҪǰʹȤ˵˻ͻȻ;úίԴͷ£û͵ᡣ
˵Ǻȥһûͷһһĺǯæ˹ȥ
ϴŻңƱסͣ˵Լˡָȥᣬ黹µץ־Լк
ƼòУܽȴЦˡ֪ǵԼҲûֻиСƲסްˡ
ƿЦ⣬˵ԼҲˣԼ
ܽ˵ûѻͷҰûԼԡ
ȥѰõһӺ˹ûбԵĶ
ɽϵӣǲˣͷߺӣš
ӦˣȥϿЩ
ӣԻҲޡǼҵĲ԰ͿһãԺԾͲˣֱ԰ժСӣɵĳԵҲܴܶ࣬Ҳɹݾơ
ŻСԻЦǾ֣ȥѰӣӡ
ãܽЦŵ˵ͷ


86 
ӣ, ͷִ
ܽԺӣңӣ֭ˮ㣬ȾڴϾͿһ֬Ƥװ۵ģ˿촽һӣ, Եɫ
֮ǰ˵Ҫӣ, ַ֮ܽߵǵյ뷨˵ҪиѼܣͷ, ڵ³, ̫˿ˡ
ô˵, ̾뷨һĺԼеС޿, ƴĻȥ磬ڼָѡѼܡ
Ѽܽ⣬ͷû٣Ѿ˸ҡεͷš͸ѼϣϢ䶼Ҷζ, ҡǰҡͷ, ûһ˯ˡ
ͼ, ͶʯͷͷϴʯͷڳһԽܸɣĻһ㲻˵ʲô鷳Ҳܽʮ
һΪִ, 仰ĹҪ֡ܽӺͷҴҸ, üʯͷȰˡ
žȴģĽǶһ, ˵Ļ, һ˲˻תͷл
ϡı¿ܽ, ﰵʯͷЩƹ֣
ⱻǵʯͷţЩһֱҲû¡վƿƵæԪϲȥæ
Ԫϲʯͷ곤꣬ʵϸɣһȥֵ˴󲿷ֵĻʯͷͷ϶˲١
µĴˣܽڼҲһ¡
һֻԺӺתʵڸﻵˣɸܴɩҿͣܽܶӻû£Źƾȥ˴ɩҳϯ
Ѿһݣ˿̴źɫĴϹ޵ĺ񣬿ۡ
ܽıȽ磬ڱͻûһ¥ϯҪõѾˣܴɩһϯҪϵĲˣܶɩҲڰæ
ˣܴܴɩӭӡ˶ܸˣǽ
磬ƷĶ̳վƣܴǰԤ׼дġ
ܴ翴æȥһߣƸܽ˵Լϻܴȥžƺ͸ˡ
ܽϺɩǶںͷæҲҪȥܴɩϽСǧＷͷҲûɶҪæģ˴඼ˣʣµһһ¾ͳɡСʹ綼¥ϣͷйӡǿ飬ȥɩǼϯ
ܽεЦһ£ܴɩ¥¥ϼֶֶŮΧųǣܽ߹ȥ£ǿһԡ
Сȸĵ˵˼仰žܵһһῪʼСܽ´һʣתͷü
ôСܱĽȥ𣿲һСûȥСüȥ
СҡҡͷûϵġЩʫСˣֻϰһ飬ӡ󡣡
ܽС˸ĴĴָԾǰСûУ
ˣǰҺͰƽȥдҲһλϱ
ܽ˵΢΢һЦ˵Сڶ˴ԺýСˡ
С͹˴ܼҼףһǰֱӰȡһܰƽһܰ֡
ֺСңС۽ĸһġ
СþͼСˣСǷӦ
СЦһܽСҪ̫ѹ۽ΣֻҪ㾡˾ġ㿼СüңСøóԵġ
С÷ģСһ濼ģֻóԵĻǲˣСٲһЩűܳˣСٸһ
ܽǺЦô֪ǱܲǱأ
ܱöһԺС˴٣ǾͿԸСסլӣ۸ˣ
ܽĸжЦȥ飬ֹ
˵ʲôЦôģ
ܽ͹ưѸղŵ˵һ飬ҲЦһ£СǸúӣլӾͲסˣԺסϵġ
ô͹סˣĻסʲôլӣ
ܽһۣЦ
ûУĲˣȥɣ
ܽ˵ͷܶɩŸӵĳԵ˸ϽȥԷͷѾϯˡ
ܽȥˣʲôʱԣֶӡֶŮȥ
һĲˣǼ緹ԵڳԵһ棬ٴǳͷ˿ɲ٣ɩڶλãǿȥ԰ɡ
ܽ͹¥һ¥УѾƮĲȱζҶæŵͷϯ
ܽ͹λãϹصû˵ӣ͹ԣԱ˾ȥֺĵطš
˵꣬Ͻйƶһ㣬Ůʹ˸Լһдȥˡ
ܽ߱ڵסƸʢ˰׷ͷƼһŽ
һŨ֭׷ͽܽ£ϵռʹϺʳһӾˣСĹĹĵģһ̶ͣ
ĵسţһŮ˺һ˹ҿһȦ˵٣ɡҲǵģҲ֪صһǵǺͱ˼
еĳԾͲˣô໰Ҫ˶һ쳡ϯҪܹȥƲƲû˵ܽˡ
ܽû£Ѿ¸Լʢ뷹תͷƳһۣܽ͹ơ
ιҴǸСӰɣ
̧ܽۿһ£ͷǣôˣ
Ѿֿ˹ۣһĨ΢죬ƹƳͷͷһߵӡ
ܽ˲Ͳˣأ˵ͷɶأǮ
Ѿ˵εգۣһɰͰ͵صҿɶأĲˣ
ɫܽ˸ֱۣӶ˵ҴɩǸóĶðɣʵһ㣬۾ϿҪȻ͹ȥˡ
˵˭ó
㣡
ѾθߵԱ޴ϣ޶ܽЦһ£תͷͷקһѾѹһɣκòҪǸڴϯ£һ˺ǿɲỤţ㻹벻ϯˣ
Ѿ죬ܽһ۲ٿתͷӼ𷹲˾
ܽ˸ۣתͷԷƼԴ￪ĵĲˣͣĸаԵĲˣĵֻҡβ͵Ĺ͹
û³ôÿʲôз
ܽһۣƵβҡĸˣͣЦ
ѾͷԷ۾һĻˣްֵسڲˣ̧ͷͿֹס
ܽúõļԼĲˣʲôѾ͸ʲôܽвҴ󶯣ÿζһߡ˵ĿͬһϣܽӦĿˮҲͲǿ⡣
ǵӣܽЦһһɫѾԥľ˹ȥ


87 
ܽ΢, ŽȻüëһ۾ɵԲ໵һ˳ĶˮЦ
Ѿ˹˺ˮ, ׵ճ, صܽǹģ
˲ܽ¼, ޹ôҹˣԼеİɣʲô£
ѾԶ, ˸Ҫըĺ, קü²Űת˹ͬʱǸ̲סЦ, ˵ҲͳԣС׽ˣƽζ˶Ĳˣƫ㻹㣿
Ѿݺݵصһۣ¶˼飬Լ㻹ң
Ե㣡Ѿͷס, ѿ֣û˵˾䲻֪ô
ܽЦ, ּ˸ϺԭΪʵ, û뵽Ѿּ˹
ػһԵĹ̲סˣӺݳѾ, ѾֱӴİһ֡
̾˿, ٷǳԲˣ췳Ѿ, ϯȥܴɩ
һõĲ, ۵Ѿֱ޵, Ѳٱ͵߶˹ղŶԹǵĶȫûˣƴ֣϶ݺݵģ㾹ȻҴңҲ
ôģ
ѾĻһαϣܴɩҧгݵؿסĶšһȦ
õȻҸ£ǲǸˣ
ѾŶ俪ʼɤӽлܴɩɫһͲĶšˣٺһԣ
Ѿ챻ˣ⻰৵µҧ촽ҳ
ܴɩһܽ͹˵˾ԲסȱԣһЦŶԿֵı˵˺ִұ⣬Բ˰ɡ˵꣬ôšѾĶȥ˺ͷ
ܴɩһֵ¶ˣ˵˾ãȥ֡Էϵ״æ¿ӣһѾһ׷ܴɩѾƤ
һӵķӦܽЦˡ
ⶼʲôʲô
ɩȷʵеڲͬ
ܽЦˣƵһ㡣
Ѿղŵһܽʱ򣬹ƵɫͳҪǹ˼ܴɩܴ棬ʰԷˡ
˵һܴɩӺͷˡһ΢һ½ɫ糣˹
ܽĶѾ϶ʰˡ˵ȥͷ͹˹ȥ
ܴɩںͷ˵ְһͷĲ˺ϯϵһģһʳ¯ġ
Ų˼ܽǴɩûźãûϸȵķɩָһسԣԲɨǹˡ
һ˵ЩʲôɩЩ˶˵ǰͷ˳ԣԾˣòŸ׼
ͬã಻һĴ
ܴɩ̾˿ɩĲ˶أһɩ԰ɣɩǰͷȥ˰
ܴɩ˵ˣŹһۣµѾҲĵԡ
ܽ¶ˣղűѾ͵ҲûԱؿԺúóˡ
ûѾȥܽһٳԵ㡣׷ֳһ룬˰ӺȣϺҲһ̣˾͸˵ˡ
ŻȥʱȥҸţŵĲͣãǾһ߻ȥȻһ·Ҳһõʳˡ
˳ܴɩͺϴкߵʱѾסף˿̵Ҳ׵ͷܽЦվſЦ˺һŻȥ
Ѿܴɩʰһ٣ﻹûһֱͷһʹ
˵һûҪ޲ȥڼ˺ͷ޵˵һˣĵҲңҲżˣ

Դܴɩҵľϯȥ֮ܽʳһֱܺá
֪ԶʱףƽڼҲʳ͡һٳԸӻϡе㱥˼Ͳڼԡ
ҲΪԭ򣬼ʲôʱ򶼻ŷһöˣܳһȺģڰҹҲܳϡ
żҲʱʲôҪԵΪ˻ڻ˹ƣҹ˻ǳȥʳ
ƶԴ˲ûбԹСܽԵĿģоͻһУҲһˡ
ÿ춼ֺܽóԵģĸϸĵ£ܽĸµʱԲһȦ
ʱѾԻˣĴᱡ¡Сʮԡվǰĸ򣬶ܿǸи
վѾȫ£ưʱ䶼ϣƽٳţһžǸԵġһ𣬺ֿܼʱ
Ž˸ŮܽѸĶøܶʱ˵ҵķѾǺһ룬ŻȥǷӣ˳ݿһۡ
ʰ˶ӣܽҪʱȴͻ°סȽšڼ˸ڵأϳԵĶȫ˳θѾտҲҲֹס¡
˵еڲŻµķӦ֮Ͳ¡Ѿĸ£֮ǰһֱû¹ôͻȻˣ
ƺͷϽŵĲˣµĵʹȥҽݲ鿴ôһ¡
ĸͷӢҲû쳣ϴһ飬Ҳһ
ϴĺӣЦŰοǣû£˺ͺӶءÿ˵ʲͬ⺦ϲͳʱҲ˶졣е˺ϲأһֱǰµķӦе˾֮ǰһʲôоûУЩġ
һ뵽µܵӣǿʲô취ܹ⣿
ƽʵһɽ髣θʳ˾Ͳô¡Ҳҵ㱡Ҷµʱһ£Ҳ١Уʱ̫͵ĶͱˣԵ嵭СˣûôٳԱġ
ţϴ˵Ļһһ˼Ұٺܽͣȥ˼Сɽ髡ѩ桢㽶Щû򣬱ҶҲûá
Щ˵ãܽµÿǿŶĳԵ㷹ûθһ£ȫ˳
֮ܽǰܶɩ˵Լ̥̹ͿЦŸ̾Ĳ˵̫Ȼǰûɶ£ڿɲͶˣ
ƿ۵ĲˣֵϴȥһˡϴҲûʲô÷ˣ˵ϲ࣬µҲҪ³ԡȻ˵ҩ£ҩֶӰĸӰĺӣͳԡ
ܽԼҲ֪ϴҩҲǲȡڽʳ˵ȻĥҲһ㶼Բȥܹ麢ӻصһ죬ͲŻһֱµǸʱ
ܽÿѰҲûõĶȥܽҲԲȥڴչҲûʰԼͦ忡һˣ˲٣ϵĺӳϳ۾Ѫ˿㲣֪ĻΪҲϲˡ
˵˹ŮЩﵣģЩͷ͹һˣ˼Ҳڡ
л˵
ѾĽҵĸ
ܴɩǺǣƤˣ


88 
Ƕ, ܽͱһɾÿôöģҲֳ뷹ʹɤӶΪŻ±ɳƣҲûԼķ, ԼͺṩӪ
ôһֱµ˵, ܽڲںϲˡ֮ǰǵȫûˣ˶Ӵһ, ط͸ûеʱһ
θڻ, ȫҶһ
ܽƺĲ, ߶˷Լſ˧ĺƤ, ʰԼԭģͶĻС
Ϣʱ򣬹ԲԲĶӣдЦ⣬״вĶ˵ĥӣôʰ㡣
ܽͷ󣬳Цڻ, ڸ
Ƹ뿪ڻƤϵ־ͱһ¡۾, Цˣǲ, һš
ԭ֮ǰԵ̫ٻӰһǶˣɻĺܡ
ӵܽһ˯, ûٰСһȭߡϹС, ƲµôƤǸСӰɣ
ܽﻰ˼üôǶͲϲ
һϲ, ֻҪҶϲֻȽϳС, ҸҪһĹŮ, ɿɰĵСް
ܽһۣ˵˼ҶҪӣƫϲŮǶŮҲѾˣĲ˵ġ̥ǸӣɲΪСްͱҲҪԹŮһá
Լƫģ̲סЦˣİɣҲһáʱ֣ٽȽţһΪһöɡ
ǶӾ͵ѧôණܽԼĶӣͷĺص˰ɣҪǸСӣԺҪѧĶඣ
ĺӻһűʾӦ

ܽˣܶҵķӸǵҲˡ
·ܽ͹ƻ¸һҺϲ˴źӻܴݺܶݡ
ǰܶҵﱲֻйһڳŮһӺһŮСԺһ֣ı;ͿܶܶӹúãҲʢƼϵͺҲڣ˵ܼҾǻ֮ң˶˲¡
ӻУܼҾǴӹõ˼ˡŮܸɣȫѾᵽھӪŶһҲ١׶ΪˣƽŮҲܼҿ롣
д׽˼ϯϲͣ˵źû̹ܶܶϵͺҲֱ֡
һв˶ϲ£ܽ͹⣬пչȥϯȣܽǵĺ⡣ܶһԺ˳˹伯оҲûš
﷽ϴ·ʯͷռԺӡܽ﷽ϰ·ãһĻʮΣô˶ֲȱ˳ԣǮԼЩ߳ʳ𣿡
ʯͷЦռ¿ģҳζ
ܽͬؿһۣ̾˿ҺƸͲµ㲻ԹԼĹǮ˵ʱ䣬˵ģǵ㹤Ǯûʣ˰ɣ
ʯͷûشʣ٣ЦݸӲãֱ˵˵͹ƸͲҪٸҹǮˣǸʯͷ˶ǮʯͷﶼͱЬ࣬ú̿ľЩҪǮ١ʯͷѾƤˣôǵĹǮأ
Ь඼˳ģҲֻǴӼȥһ㣬ûʲôǮܽȰǮԼƹסļ򣺡ٸʯͷ˵ˣġ
ʯͷһŵĵͷͣЦǣһܽӡ
ԺǾٸЩͭŰʣµǮͰҪȻҲǻϣǰ׷Ѿ
ܽһʯͷǿҲˡ
ƺǺЦ˵һ£ղ·˵긮ԵĳɼˣС͹ӦҲϢ
ģܽϲվߣȥɩҿ
ƾ֪ȥܼ㣬ٵһɡ׷˳ȥ
һ·ܽ£ѧõҲĸĸˡ˵ԼҺӳɼΣܽӿԼĽŲûһ͸ϵܼ㡣
ϵܴСЦأܽһǵı飬ֶ֪ӿ϶ͨˣ˵ĲˣʵôСǲͨˣ
զˣ͹ƹ͹ˣȥءĸѾˣڵ϶Ц
Сһξ͹Ժ͸ԣСΪ㽾
ܽһ˿Ժ͸ԾͯٹԺԣǾš
Ժ͸Ȼǿƾ·ſԣҲô׾ͨġСμӸԵĿоšʮĺͯжʮʮ꺺ӡԺԿʱȾ͸ˣ׷ԲͯҲڡ
С͹Ȼһξ͹˵ǺԺ󶨻ǰ;ġ
СЦ⻹ʲôһŬ飬ԺҪšˣһĿȡҫ鹡
һӵ˶˵ʮָˣЦļǣŽƽܽһ¡
ԺʲôʱУ
ΣʱҴû׼ҺͰƽҲҪѧϰǺڲμӡ
˵Ļ϶ĵܽ˵ͷǻʱ䣬СҲüˡ
С˵ͷ
һţ˿̸˵˵˾ϲ£Ȼ죬ԼһҪףһµġ׼һòˣϴȥ϶ǼһԶٷ
ܴһϺǺЦ߼ھȥ·ϵ۳šܴɩȥˣƸܽ˵˼䣬ؼȥȡһ̳վƻ
ƼȣܽҿĵسһϻصϲҲûȥŹߴ˵˺һҹŻ˯ȥ

ܽ⼸춼ƵͬһΣӿĺˮݻ˺ӵ̡ûׯڣ˱٣Ҳɥ
ܽ£ǻиղʱ亹ûһ˿Ʋʵտտ죬ǻڵ໹ڲͣ¶ü
Ǹ𣿡ϴõ߹ӳʵ
ܽ˵ͷͶĻԴļϣСҴûõͬһجΣܾǳʵһҪƵġ
֮ǰ˵ˮݻׯڣ̧ͷա
ţеׯڶˡûʳԣö˶ȥƤ
ƾҲͦаģŽһֱ硢üչ˵Ҫǳ棬ӰľʳͷҲ͡Ƿ˺ˮˮҲ෴ũȥվȥʳվҪõģٶ׼Եʳ淢˲¡
ܽļ뿪תͷȵؿֻҵһζѣ㾹Ը棿򲻵˵ʵʱôٲҪԿˡ
ƿ۾º͵ĶЦԿͳԿǲ˵ԿǸ˵һС£㰲ģҾñʱȥֵһξͳˣʱ򻹲֪жҪĽǵǣʱ˭Կ
ܽһƬſĻǱɣܾ̫죬ǰҲ¡
ԴİɣҲỤ㣬һġ
ܽ΢Ц


89 
峿, ƴԪϲ˸ǡ
ѾԶƣʯͷС£Ԫϲ⣬ֵľͺæ
Ȼô, ûһҪ˼ճվƺ׾, ÿĿ˲٣һжһƽ
ܽ۲, ﲻǲԼˡ֮, ҡҡͷ, ȻѡԼĵС
, ǷŵסײˡϹϡǣ˲ٷڼҲֻ
˴뱲ӣʲôⶼȻ̫ҪˮǻʶǺǿġܽУҪ˺ֹûв˳Կɲ, ӲͣĵˣѼˡ
ܽȥһ, ˵Լ, úϺ͸ȥЩʳٸ⹫ܶ塢ܴҲȥһЩ
Ϻܴȥʳܶ˵õҲʹȥ˲١
⹫ܴе㽫Ž, ʳҲỵ, Ҳû£ұ˲١
Ǹ̶һ, ŨŨҹɫû˿, һȺ˰ʳ˽˲ֿ⡣ʱغĴ, ǱҪҪȥƻص˼
ʳѾ˲ֿ⣬ܽһ
ǰʳֿĵպͻȻ˸Ӧһڰҹʱ;˿硣
˷Ľһܽڶ𴲵ʱͷѾĽ֯һ𣬰Ĵҹһڰ˿ž;ô
̧ܽͷţ˵дأһߵķϺǣ˵ôƣһ۶ߣһж󰡣
ûŻκܽһ㹻ˡ
䣬Զһֱ棬Ĺͫеӳ޴ļ˾þ޷
һ˲䣬£һ㣬ǵصĳ
ܴ˺кӻؼҵĽŸ·ʱϸ麰˽ţܵԺǼֻؽ˲ַȥˮ
ôһϵ·ͱδʪˡ
ܽøɲ˲ͷӻ·￴µĴꡣ
µˣҲεĿ¡ǿۼҵǿùһҪ紵ˡ
ܽ͹ԿĹҶڿĴϮ䣬֦һбеѾϵԺ
ܽ˶ǰǳ꣬紵˲ǵݶβ֪ж˼ҵéݶҪƷˡ
ƻεķȴǰǴλҪ󡣡
ܽЩģ⹫ҲéݣβҲƷȥɣ
ġ˾˸˵ľ̶ݶéݼľм䣬ӱͨ˼ҵӶҪȹ̡
ܽ˵ͷһԵķʣЩ˾ӦҲ׬ôûŸǸ߷أ
ܽ˵һ죬ͣ˾⼸궼æŸ˸ǷӣʱնڲաȷʵҲܹˣӽ겻Ҳˡ
ϵͷ˺ãʱס߷첻˵ţ˼أЩǳ˵ׯ׳ɳʱͻıҲ֪ܻ١
жˣղŵδҵ϶ۣôׯڶᱻ۴ġ
ҵ˼ĶҲǰ׷Ѿˡ
ܹҲΪЩһҲ͹ȥˣӰ첻ָغڵׯ˼˵ķ˺ˮǲ֮ˡ
ܽ͹ƶһۣ˶ʶһ⡣Ҫû˻·ʱ᲻ֻ᲻Ӱ죿
¿ɵģҪ͸йϵˡ
ƸƽüëЦ˵û£ЩһأȲ⡣˵˵ģȥţģصһͰȡ˵ⶫ˯ǰ˶ãҸһһ롣
ܽЦЦһԵķϽӻЦҿɺȲǶǸŰɡôԵȺİɣ֮ǰŹǣܲһܲŹɲ
ɣƢθˣʲôҶúóԡ⣬ǰ첻˵ˡ
ϵͷ۾Цгһ죬Լշõһѣȡܽ
ϱһе˵ƾͰתͷͷĴꡣ
ӵСݣλ۳ɱӿٲܻ£ദĺǺг

ܲŹζܽ˺üŹǣֳһݷط˻߻ڹƵȰ˵˯˸
ͷѹѹģ˵ʵϢҲûʲô
̫ƵĿ˺١ƺϷţߵǰͷļ˿Իȥˣ⼸һֱһֱùͣ⡣
Ԫϲľ˽ˣʯͷҲ׼ɡؼҡб棬߲֮ǰҲ԰ժ˲٣ƽȥͲҪţ䣬ĿԶ
һֱţİ춼ͣЪˮҹĳˢŷܺ͵棬еϸɳ౻ˮ濪ʼûǡ
ڽˮһͣˣڻˡ̹šйУϼˣҲûֵӡ
ϵ´½ʪ͸Ь࣬Ŀţܽ˵ҳȥһȦ̵ʳѾһգкöûʳϰѾţˡ
ܽŶӣĸɲݸţʵôˣ
ĸҽݻţʣµĶѾˡ˵˲ﶼ˻Ҳû취š
ܽͷɩҸҲˡ
ǣϾôҽݣֻȥ
²ɾţϴɾָ֣˵µׯڶˡˮˮųȥҲᱻעˮˮﶼˡӵҲ࣬紵ֱˮݣˡ
ܽ̾һճɵѾ㲻Ҫˣ˵ڱҪġ˵кüӶѾ˺֣ӱ˲˵˶ˮûӰģʮˡ
Ż취ģͷǱѾǽҲЩá
ǲҲ
ӦûڣȻûƼҲٲĻ̻̣Ӵ˽ϵѲߣʹûͷǽҲҪȥ𴦸ɻˡ
ȥ˵ûУʳ󣬲ֿôʳ˻˻ġ
İɣҶȥ˵ˡжʱû˿׾ҲûǼʹ֪ʳҲ̫ࡣﶼǺӣС˼ҲҪһԼܲС
£ܽԺﱻѼܣ뵽ﱻٵĲ԰ʮۣ̾ϢصϣܸϽͣɣ
֣û
л˵


90 
ʳ㹻, зڼҶڵģҲ԰ļЩӼɱֻʣµȻڲַιŵ, 겢ûӰܽʳ
Ϊ¼Ҳܼ, û뵽һµʱ䶼졣Ȼбëëϸʱ򣬵һֱûֹͣ
ڽˮѾһһγ򰶱ߵݴũ, ͷǽҲ, ˮľӿ˳ͷذĲʧ, Զʹĵؿ޺
µׯȻپ, ûԪصһǰѾ֯ǽɽݾӣҲ˲˵
һһ£һ³ڼտĿ⣬ܽʮѹ֡ڵȵշһ죬һֱɹ̫ɹͷĿѣŻȥ
㣬΢, һϴ·֮ǰǳ˵Ĵ, ԪʲôûзȻʵôп, ֮ǰǳУ˶Ҳ޼ҿɹ顣
ȥ, ԰ٺɳԳΪϾ⡣ԭɽݾӵĴ׷ɽ, ݺر٣ûķ, ľ֮, ֻ취ǡ
֪ϰ, ֻ¿ַһιҲû˶û˵ؽ԰Ҳû˵Ƿ
ôˣ֮ǰǵʳֲֶôҲûа취Ϊ˻ȥе˿ʼɽҰˣҲ˿ʼƤ
ɽϵҰģƤԶֻˡ
ε꺵ֻأʧ˲ŶӵҲԽԽ࣬ŮƵƵ͵˱˵ĺȥ
Ԫؼǿ˳ŹѲֻһسǵ˲סڳľҲܵӰ졣
ʹˣسҲǵƵڽҴܵ˲
ԭسţڱڸץάξʶ˸Сͷֵ´Ѳ֡
ƺܽʱʮ㲣۵׷࣬ϸϸܵĺ鲼°ͣǶ˵ǧҪţѼʳغˣ˯ʱҲҪעŶԷ˹͵
û˯ˣ۾
ü˰֣ˣҶûˡС͵ץһֳһŵĴζزˡ
ôģ񲻹ܣ𱩶ǳ£һֱƽȥġܽһԵ
ҲŲɻ󣬿Цһ£˵ξҲѾθԽЩϱֿ͢Ҫȼ񣬵ȻΪξȰ˵Ҳֻ⼸زȡЩſʩ࣬Ҳ֪ʲôʱǸͷ˵ˡ
֪ܽû£뵽µ⹫Ͷǣʵû⹫ʹǵţôңҲ֪ôˣ
⹫Ͷ嶼ԼĴأȻׯڻˣӻţķ𻵵Ĳ࣬ǼԻеؿɴѵõİȵؽ硣
ڴãӱһ룬Ȼ֮ǰĶʳʱҲóۡһĴڳſڵʩ࣬Ȼû취ǷŽѾʩֵܸǶһЩҲȥޱҳǰҲ͵͵ӵıӣһҲ⡣
ܽȻĽҲֻܵ˵ͷϵڣӦҲΪѴһңھֻİˡ
Ѱ˼ţ̲ܽסҧһֱͦӢģĶʲô£
翴СԽĶӣһĨǣĵ㲻ҪٹЩˣͷ¶ǲģͰڼ̥ʮһ°ɣҲ֪ʱЩܲͣ
̾һѹֵǣϵĹٷ׼ˡ
ȥ뵽£߻ܽԼ⸽Ѳߣڲ򲻷㣬Ҫȱʲô˾ȥ˸͹
ܽ˵ͷƽʱץ˶СģŹƺ˵˼仰Զˡ
Ȼˣܽɲʡ˼Ϣƿٵİĸɷݿ˯ˣȡԼѾõĹԺϸϸ
ʯͷǰͱǽ˼סˣԼס仹СôңԼס϶С
˿ڳԷƵĹˣ쳤ӿǰŪʵƸѹҲ̫˰ɣ֮ǰԻʱ𣿡
ǣҴǰھеʱ˰æġ
ʯͷ۾ĸˣ˵Ƹ㻹ι
Ƶ˵ͷʯͷ¿߹ȥڹƵļУ
Ƹ̫ˣ
ƱϹվļɫʯͷҲСˣҲǸСӺڳңôʳƸһҪȥһˣͿˡ
ΪСӺʯͷصصһͷͦ£صƸȥɣѾˣ֮ǰҲУģ
˺ܿͻʯͷ˵⻰ҲֻΪ˱һ㣬ûָ̫ࡣ
Цһ£˵Լȥȥͻأƴ򿪴ʧҹɫ֮С

ҹĽֵһˣһ˺̴ڽϻⲽ
˸մӳű뿪ô޴鶼ʮָӣһʱû
ã̴ӶʵˣԪʲô֮ѲɾͲ˰յˣ
һѺӣһ˵֮ԥ
ԥԥʲô̴Ӳ⡣
ƱҪӺͿͷôûоˣһССسţжӺʳã
̴Цˣ򵥰͢飬ó͢Ǯˣ
ͳ⡣ҲˣԪصԭʿ걻ɵ˴٣ɽˮԶһֱ뿪˴
պԵ룬Ǵʱ飬ʱʥԷԪشϤڴ˴ؽ԰һ뿪˴Ըˣ
̴ӻȻԭֹסҡͷ
ò׵εεĻᣬҲѾ˴һС뿪ƧĻǰôܸľʹ˷
̴üڵƧδ
ִ̧Ļͷһۣʲô˵Դ벻Ҫˣ
̴ӻæ죬ͷֺõĶЦˡ
л˺ѣô˵ԪǺͿϾôôΪһ˽ðڲˣ
ԪǰҲԵİգϧ˶˽ģһ漰Լ棬˿ɲһȥˡ
ˣһ䣺Ҵĺùٿɲඣ
̴æЦŻش𣺡ǣмҼҴլʺ񣬻ؼ·Ŵ˴ˮ岻ݴǵľ͵ͷ鿴Ϊ˽ǲԸһ깷
ˣ˳ȵӱֲסˣͣתͷܻص˵ͱ˵ʲô깷ʲôʱ깷ˣ
ԶԶԣû깷깷ˡǰиձӾţһûԶˣȥձڴ˴Ұ
̴˵Ͻ룬˱Ĵӵ۵ģһ˦תһߵĺͬȥ


91 
ҹĵ, ͬ쳣İ
ưƵһȦڲ˲ԣͣ½Ų
ͣá˴Ӱ˳, ڷԼЦһ¡
ɱõļ⵶, Աߵֵͬǣǽ, һɲ, ǰɱ, ӹ, ѹңҲһǮ˵ӣ
ϣ
ŵͳĹֲ佫ܶԸˡӾͱ˼Ʒڵϣϱţż⵶£ͫ׷Ŵ, ر۾
⣡
һֺͻȻ𣬽żٲӺͬ׷Ϲֵļ̧ͷһٽв, еļ⵶һת, ȾͿʼܡ
׷ȺһþˣΪӨûϡʱһ˾һͽ, ͷȭͷһк, ͽͳʹͣ½Ųס
ǰͬȥ, ʣµҲٲסˡ
ֵļһҲûܵ, ˨סֽڵϺ괭Ŵ
ѵǼ, ͷȥղǸͽˣվĻңһ䣺û°ɣ
˰֣û£ǹٲ
ſתһȦָԼ·ǸĲ֣
ȿȣˡ֪˵˾ϻȭͷǰ漴üֵоȻдͽɱˣƽôִģȻҳ
ֶ˵Ļʮֲͷͷѵû۾ִץһأʲô˭֪ҹ͹ˮĳNɪʲô±˲֪Ǯӹúã
Ҹ㣬Ҫ뱣סһ͸ϽؼдŲҪšڵ׼ҪɱԽĶȥˣһЩÿζֵôʱϽȥɣ
˵꣬Ǽͽؿһϵ·һûӣٲš
Ǹߣ̴ձææһϲæôˣղҲºģԱ
ԳԳԣ֪ԣһ䣬̴һԴ
ԾͲ£ʲô
űߵ۵Ķӣ̧㣬ۣ
̴ΪëַˣĵЦɲۣӢˣһ֪ͨˣ
ƨϣͷϺݺݵ˼̴ӿɥԴһ죬˵ˣ˵Ĳ
˰ֱȥ뵽ղӣһЦˣСٲͦ㣬Ǹɿõġ
̧ˣͷ̴Դͣʲôٲô°
ԶƬͬ

ҵھѮֹͣˡ
Ԫܱߵسˮʥ˹֪ʵ󣬴ӹⲦ;ȼ͵š
ԪΪԭ򱻱ȥ˹ְд˽Ϊ飬ʥҲһյķӺжΡ
ܸɴţֵİؽ԰ԴΪԼ
ȼ㹻һģԪ֪˴ʳɷȥµ˿ʼ
μҾ˾ľȫżһÿո̶ĹǮ¸Ƿӡ
ȵŵĽ취ֵİտʼһһش壬õ˻ָк
ܽȥˣ̥Ѿӽ£ԽĳأڼҶо̣ߡ
˵£Ϻܴɩ⹫ܴܶһжãġ
＾ۿҪȥܽŹȥһվơ
ҼҶʳҲף㲻ԵôۣʹŵʳζҲΪȥĸ߼ס
֮ǰʱҲû˶Ϲǰǰ˾ŸڣйŹɱȻģûٸҰ˼ڹ˼ҵϣѡܵȥʳ
ȵĵڣЩ˻ĵ˶ҿ
̵ʳǰҪһܽ͹ʱ۸һȣֱ˵Ĳˡ˶ڿ㣬죬ֻײġ
ÿһԽԼĽָܽÿԼҡֶԴ˲˻ɣΪ֮ǰ֮ζû
ѵֻصĴ飿
˼ȥνʼ硣
ȻãûҲûϵӶԼģֻҪԼб£ôҲ̫ҪڶѾõˣ顢顢Уʲôָأ
ЩܽԼǰһʲôΡڼʵ̥Լӡ
ⳡֺ̫ʱ䣬ƽϵİһվƷƸ׷ͣͷץһվơ
Щæ꣬ľѾ߸ǮܽҲͽ˲ڡ
ķΧȽϲãϴӼס£ͷæɹСӵ򲼡Ӻѡ
Լ׼ģܴɩҲ½½ԼѡЬ͡
ӵĶһӣһ궼õûѴˡ
ưе¶һߣȫĵܽԡ
һһĳܽҲվҲǣŸܡ
ᱳʹСҲʱȥϴѧַѨλÿϴŵʱĦܽ˲١
һʵ峿ڳԷܽͻȻöһ˿ʹӣʹûˡ
ԵĶһӾͱע⵽ˣԷĶˣתͷдŽţôˣ
ղŶһ£Ѿˡ
ô˵˶˿ӣתͷŵĿϣҪ˰ɣ
˵ţܽһֿʼˡ
ϹĶӣƤģȷʵҪļ󣺡ӦҪˣˡ
Ʋһ´ӵϼȥҽŹ
϶˵ͷæ˳ȥʯͷһʮֽţϻͷһ䣬ʯͷ֪Ӽҵﲻܲܰӹȥ½Ĵɩ
֪֪ȥ
ʯͷ˵˳ȥܽںϵĲվ˼͸е˫֮һƬȵʪ⣬ȹӵͷһˮʪ㣬һһεڵϡ
ϣǿ϶ҪˣˮˣϽһǰͷȥæӲһ
ϷҪţͷһ̥Ŀ϶
ֻܽǶ϶ĳۣԵ˵ͷ
ܽ£͵ŵľͿʼæӵı졢С¡򲼣Ҫõļɲˮ裬һһ˵ţŶźˣúţԼææȥˮ
ܽ˸ƣŶӱ۾ܶӵʹ̶ȡƴŽܽԺӣһս֣ܽôˣ۲ۡ
ڻãֻһһġܵͷ󺹵ģأôż
ܽڸ˲ͷſЦ˵ϽһƬоĽˣҹŮһ̥ɾͿˡ


92 
ͷѾ׵ĽŶЦ, ͷİɣҽӣûһǧҲмˡ˳˳ģҲһ
̥ܽλ, ż΢Цŵ˵ͷ, һԵĹƵƹȳȥɣҲûʲôḁ́λ, ϶ƽġ
Ʋ, ܽһ¡Ĳ鲻Ըվ, ߵ߶ӾͰ, ֮л
һģôĵǺЦŻİɣڣʲô¶еġ
ƳȥˣܴɩҲʯͷ˹˼ҡϳ˵һܽ, ȥϰæյˮЩԵġ
ܴɩӦȥ, »ص
ͷ̥һ, ܽ۵磬һ˿һˮ󵰾ɻ˴ϣż尾һ, 춼˲Ҫļ
ϵ¶ȱȰ컹Ҫ, ϸ̿裬͵ơů, ܽʹҲ𽥼Ӿ硣
ŰŹ, ȫ˾Ϳʼָþ֪ܽߺ˷ûб, ҲһֱսͲϳ
Ϊ͹ҧŵ촽ѷסˮģߣܽɴ۾Žŵ
ƴûʱôѰվſ۾գĿܴɩȻͷѾɵп̾˿һͷ
Ź˰ʱһͯ޴ҹļž
ܽƣԼ˫ۣﱧһ޵ĺӣЦе͵ĸǰ
ֲôãǸ߽ĴСš
֧ܽŸ첲ͷСһﳤʮְ׾߸ߵģȻոճͷȴ˲٣˿ŷ۵Сޡ
ܽһ¶ӵС֣ſžͻȻʪۿǸСӣ¶ˡ
˵ŹƳˣŸϲҲ۾ֻдϵܽԱߵĺӡ
ƵĺƣܽӵΪҵķ˿ۿˡ
ܽҡҡͷЦһ£ڶϣǵĶӣƯƯ
ƵͷճĶӣдϲС֣Ц˵Ưˡ
ͷͷרעؿźӣϺͷЦһ£תȥлһԵĽš
ϲý﷽ʮָˣ˰Ǯһ⡣ͷһյôǮһϲָ֮˵ЩչСľϣűܴɩųš
ܽ˻ӾͳŲסˣ֪۵ĲˣæźͷǺñӣܺúϢ
ϺͷϽһۺӣƽж˺ܴɩȥϢԼЬڴߣ˯ŵ˻
ҹʱܽι˵һ̡ڻʳӪϣιʱˮܳ㣬Ӳȱ̺ȡ
ܽſ̵ʹι˶ӣưѺӱȥһߣ˯ˡ
ٳԱˣֱڶҲûٿ޹
ܽһ뼦ι̣ڴЦźͼ˵
ưѶӷŽ˴ߵҡϺͷϾʹϸؿ
ܴɩԲְ׵СЦŶ˵ʱҶ˵ƤСáһ⺢ӹȻԼĸԼ񰡣
ƺܽһЦ˵񽿽üë۾ÿˣҼǵճʱͰ͵ģɫе㷢࣬һҲûۣ
ϺǺЦ˵üȷʵ񽿽ȴƣָͦһ֪Ǹӡ
ܽҲǸ߱⻰˹һۣдЦ⡣
СûУʲôܴɩһԳʡ
СӣҸȡġȡģԪֱйԪʡ
ܴɩظһ飬Сú÷Ժ϶ȥ飬ŷӸȡ𣿡
ѧõķȡҲֻΪö࣬ȡֱׯںȡĺû˹涨ͷǵȡƺͽӵĵֶʶ֣ȡȻˡ
˵ĶԣˡҾ÷ȡָѧ÷ȡҲûʲôǼֺ
Ц£˵Ҳû̫࣬Ǿͦ
Ԫʡ
ﷴ֣ӵСԴ˵˵еĺãҪǹƵĵţҲһϲģ
ϧѾˡ
뵽ƵĵӶûһۣʱЩ˸СܽƼôȡúãû˿СҲ˺ܾòģܺ˱˰
ϲеûģǣСȡҲãɲֺСһ
ЦˣΧź˵˰εĻ
ﻹҪܴɩһ˵Ҫȥˡ
ܽѾˣӷϺ͹ƾչúٸæµ˿̾ȰɩһȥϾ˵Ҳԣ͵ʰ˶
İæƲ˿ߡЩ˴ţһ·ǻص˼ҡ
½½˵Ϣ̽ܽ˵ԼһжǲùӰ¾Ƶʱǹϯ
Ҳӣ˵ûûˣǡ轡㣬ܽ˲١
ܽ͹ָĸڼҿʼ˴ճչôֶӡֶŮչԼĺȻ⡣ĸӻ򲼡ãżĦûӾ˯ˡ
ճĺϻûʵ־̫󣬱ӵʱ˵
ŬŵᣬһӵԴһֱӵ壬˱Ťֲþ
Ͽָαӣư˵ѧ˱ޣѧ˻򲼡Щ¡
ֻܽҪÿι̣ʣµ¶ɹһְ
Ӱ޵ʱ࣬ҹͺ١ܽ˯ǰιһ̣ҹιһΣʣµʱͲٿޣܽ͹ƶܰ˯þ
һ¹ȥҲûожۣܽɫҲΪȲ㶹ͳûĻƶɫ󣬸Ϊ˸ĸķ״̬Ȼͬ
ܽӣҲӵ¾ơ
ӱȳʱԲһ㣬ƤۣƵ۾һգһգģŻͷñźɫºͻͷЬܽʱЦһ£ɰСģ̲ܽסڡ
˲ٱͣܽӴ·Сϣǰͷݡ
ﲻкǣ˴ú͹˶ҲԶ˹Ѻӱˣæ߹Χſ
һ·Ϊ˿Լֶܽӱ˴ã˴ú͹˶ССϵЦֹֹסһĿӳĿ
ܶɩҲͷһμ˿̾Ҳߵ߸ſ
һΧԼʱʱĻ£Ӳû޻ǿĵЦ˴Ǻֱ֣Ѹ׼ȫ˳
һ֧Ĵͷһ˴ú͹˶óһ׼һ
ӵİ˰ϡ˵˼ףĻͳ˹С
ЩùӵľǹСˡΪپ²ûܸϣֻܰϸֶ
û͵ȷʵصġ
һױīֽ⣬徭ӡ顣ָ׼һĳдų꣬ɹ˴øӹ˲ϡ
ӵĶ죬ҲԼ׼ĳҵĲϡһòϵŵǮͭ壬ǰԢСֳ١
ջôһϾ͹˶ܽεлںͷһʯͷǰͷԳǹ
үүʺͷûУ˸Ͻȥ


93 
, ¾ƵϯͰǰͷŮǶ⣬⹫ϵǰͷϯϡ
ƸʯͷЦ˵ǰͷżˣܽﱧӴȥǰͷһ˻, ߬˺ü⡣
ܽЦ˵Сӽ׬, ѺӸ˷չˣԼкŸλϯ
һ¾ֵĳ, ܽ͹ˡ, صɨӡ
粨ƽ, ʯͷҲͰԼļҡܽѾϯʣĺò˸˵ҹ, ĺò˸ԪϲǴ
һæ꣬ܽ͹ڴϢƼһεЦ˼ǮȡḺ˳˯

˼ʽ֮תΪĿ֮ңƽһҪչˣ˲Ȥζ
ܽͷڼרע, ƾͷĲٳϵ顣
¥ݵܺã˶˼Ҿ׾ȥˡưǵĶ, Ӵ׾ƵӾԴԴϵͳȥ, ҲС׬һʡ
ܽϤ֣ƹ⼸Ƹسӣݵ˵Ŀζо˲², ʹðζ¥Խĺ, ûеڶҾ¥֮ӲӲ
Ӱζ¥Ƴ²ˣһ, һ㡣ϴܻӭ, ¥ÿ춼Ҫʮʮдˡ
׾Ǳزٵ, ˼ҵ׾ζõģ֣ƹ͵˶
ܽڼʯͷһ°ζ¥Ļȣ֣̾ƹྭӪõ˻رŰζ¥˳˵Ϣ
ˣܽڼﰾ࣬ܶɩҴܽ˵ζ¥ˡ
ĸζ¥ûԶԳһʱ˶
˵һ̶㣬ǰ˻úõģ֮Ϳ°ĭ˵ϡԱߵĿ˶һǰͷһ̽Ѿûˡ
ܽ۾Ҳܾȡ
֣ƹ񱻾˳Ҳͣ˿ӡһȺΧ˵ʬ۲ϣһţ֪˭ͻȻ˵׾Ƴ⡣֪֣ƹõСüҵ׾ƣ鲻ã㼱æˡ
ǻƣ鲻˵˶ֽŻ⣬ƫƫζ׾ϣܽ
ǣ˵⻰Ҳ֪ʲô˼ͺʳܶɩҲ
ҵҪ·ħ֣
￴ӣܽϵΧȹһԣžζ¥ķ˹ȥưѲһ£׷һ
ܽлܵٶҲͷɿ죬вˣƶ·׷һ㻹û׷ϡ
ܽϵ˰ζ¥ǰɲɣ˼׾ƿñӵǸ˻ûߣ̧˵϶׾Ƴ⣬㿴һĲˣû׾Ƶʲô¶ûУһ׾ƵĳˡҲһ㣬ؼк˰졣
˵꣬Աһӣ˵ղŲҲ˵ӲǲҲ˴׾ƵĲˣ
ͷе㲻ȷǳˣӺΪ
ѽˣ˳ɶǸ׾ơҸ˵˼ҵ׾ƺúǺúȣֻ˲ƷζĹ죬˵ʲôأ
ƨ
ܽȺＷǰͷһǸ˵ĸˡû뵽ǾȻô죬ɫһ䣬תȺȾܡ
ֻܽסϵһ鲼ǹֿ޶סͷ
۵ΣܽǰǸʶİˡ
˵Ҽ׾ƺúΪ˶ڻˣ
˲Һӣûҿ
һ֪ǵ㣬ܽЦһ£˵Ҽ׾Ŵģûӹһ㶫˼ȥˣûκβףкˣ
һҲ˵˵ͬвƷĳ˼ҲƵˣ
Աߵ˿ˣʱ˵֪ǶҾҲ׾ƣ
ϰ͹ӱ˵ĻǶû¡ǻ˵©ٳģžǸˮǶģûš
ǰû˵Ļһù˼ҵ׾ռζˣɶûС
Ҳѻ˵ȫˣӺΪҳ̫
ܲ
ĻҾûţ˼ҵվôúȣ׾զܲأ˹ĵĶȰƺܽҪ
ղ˵˱˹٣ŵǿȺߡڵɷûз̰ܽټ°ͣؾ㣬´Ҫ֪Ҽˮԡ
Ǽʹ˼Ҿã˵ʱҲûôࡣڱץ˸ŻˣܽĻæĵͷһˡ
ܽԭһǣһվšٲǰܽ˾¥Ǻһ⡣
Ŀ˻˵ŵʱ˵ĳ棬ܽ͹˵ţûöþͼٲѺ֣ƹ˳
Ǿʬ屻ٲںͷ̧ţܽƳһۣ״Ȼ㲻ϲң沿Ҳ
үǳԾ¥ķ˳İհζ¥ķҲˣҲ°ɣ
ȷʵйأֻֻԼǵжǳԵû¡
ؿڣŰӷ
֣ƹΪҪڷ¶ԩ޳ɣȺ˲⡣
֣ƹһɫô֪Ϊʲôᱻ¶޶֤Լ⣿
ֻɣûȷ־Ի֮ǰ˭ҴΪ׵Ĺٲ֮࣬󣬴ٲš
ܽ͹Ʋ֣ƹẦˣ۴ǵؿһǵıӰ̾˿
֣ƹ˲޹ϸͻȻˣ±϶ΡȺ֣ƹ˵
ô֪ûйϸǰЩҲǸһΣʱҲھ¥ԷһûúãҪ֣ƹǮ֣ƹûӦʹһͨ˰ζ¥꣬˵Ϊµأ
˺ǳԾ˵ܰɣ
ܽ˵ˣЦһ˵ôɱڣ˵ˣûúãΪʲô¥Է
˱ҭһ£ӲҲĲ˾кζأ
֮λ޴ǡٲѾ˵˲Ҵ㻹ⴧ⣬Ҳȥ죿
бһۣ첻˵ˣܽ˵߰ɣôŵ˻ģҲûá
ӻڼܽͷһ˼ҡ
ﴫķзģʱҲûжۡ˵ļȥζ¥˼£֣ƹѺڴζ¥ҲѾŴ󼪡
֣ƹǽ鲻ܽ͹Ƹ治ˣֻ֣ƹ͵͵Щͱĸ֣ƹ϶ԩģҲ֪ʲôʱס
Ѱ˼£ӭһꡣ
¶ʮ죬ʯͷճӼȥơ·˵˼ҵĻͣ˽Ų
ؼԽԽͬƵģ˼ôôãԼҵľĺúõģҪΪ˼ôôˣ׬ôǮ
˼׬ǮǮģ
ʵʲȥԼһƬԼһĶֵ˵ǵĻܻܲȥɣ
ôţץһѹӾȥҸڵҵɤŴ󻹾վڴſڣ·˶ǵĻ
̶ŵŹأеû¸ɾ˸Сʹȥ˵ǼǲܣǴʱ䣬ֺ£
л˵
ڿ֣ǵó±Ŷǡ


94 
۾˵Ϲ, ˵˼ҵľƶ˶ž˵ܽģƤ͡
ʯͷ˵ЩԻսȭͷûȥ, ŵ˾
ܽӻ, ʯͷҵϴĹ˵¡۾ܽ, ϸһȥһˡ
ʯͷĦȭԾԾ, صصͷ
е㷢, ܽҲôáι, ǰͷ˻Σ˯˲ų¡
ܽӣƾ͸֪¸еġϳ˯ˣ´Ь͵͵š
ҹӶ˿Ҫ̣ܽĿûڴ, Ϊȥéˡι˯ţôûûü
ŵĽ, غһͷͼܽڴ߿
Цһ, ܽʣȥĶˣ
é
ˣҸմé
ƶһ, ֪¶, ߹Ҫϴһ̧ܽסĶ, ±, ʲôζôô
Լһ, ȷйζԼĪǸղȾϵģҲûע⡣
ܽԼҲ̲סԼԶ˴ѵ£ѸɲˮʪͣĲԼ塣
ϻˮһϴɡ˵ɣȥˣ
ư˵ˣܽڴɫһЦˡ
ҵģҲó
ԭֱӽѵǣʯͷҪôġ˵θڣҷˮζˣҹҲҵķ˼ӵϡ
˵ţӣڵ֪СӵˣֻվһմôҲ֪ܲ˯ž
ɱһǧ˰١ܽԺʺӶһ£Ц˵㻹˵ͱֱӽѵҪץҲ֪ʯͷô˵ķӣ϶Ҫˡ
ôã϶ҲټʶһЩ֪Щֶβ֡Ȼⷨ˵̫ʣЧеġ
ƵԸ񲢲ǻµˣֱֱҲֱȭͷ˵ĻӦһҲͦõġ
ܽЦˣ̧ͷ˹һۣ´һҪңҪԼ˽Գȥ
Ц֪ˣϢɡ
ܽ¼˯ˡ

˯㣬ͻȻһɳ£ƲɢĵԺ۾
ɶζƨˣ
ûаŵİɣ
⶯˶ӣµشЬ˳ȥ
ҵĸ˵ɵģ
ˮԺӶǣ׵ѩضȾɢŶʺơûע⣬һžͲһʺϣŴϵЬ˱ýƽƵģ۵ĸζŲˡ
ǡŻĸˡŻģͷһһɷζĵһ˵һ߸Ż
Ǹˣ뵽Լﰮ˲Ͳµˣתͷŭӵǲֳȥ˵˼һˣ
˵˭ңűӣоĿɤӡ
˵û˵һҽʱˣǲ˵˼ҹ˼Ҳˣ
˵զģ˵Ĳ𣿣ۼҵ⣬һĻ֦չģ֪ĻΪ¥ģ
Ըƨ
ֲñ˼ҵһصķ࣬ҪǸҲ
ⱻĶ߶µģȢôɥǣһ±˰˰ٱ飬Ķͣˡ
ҷǵúúýѵѵ㣡ĴҳֵĶһ£ѽ²Ьžһ¾ϡ
մʺЬϻ䣬һ룬عԼʪĴ࣬ĳɤӴ󺰣Ŀ󺰣Һƴˣ
ץӵкԼ뱲ӣһ̶ԹҲ˳˺һƹƹҵĴھҲˡ
ʯͷͷһпЦһת˼ҡ
ʮ죬ҾԼΪֵüɹΪĹ˼ȴһźǻֵĹϦָ˵ݣһҲûҵ˺Ӱ졣
޵ֵͦģʱ˶ȥ֡ΪŪǷЩҲˣЩѶ˹ȥһкá
ʱǡ·ð¾;Ϳ֮˼ҷ˵˳͸ͱһµʱĳܽһοıݣȻûֳϵı֮ԼۿҲûˡ
һЦܽ·ϡ
Ѿ̧ͷˣŬѧ
ܽʼḨֲˡԼڴϺþȥܽ͹Ҳٰһ߿Ц
ָˣԪһԼɹһ
ѧᷭ˵ӳĸʵˣܽ͹ƺܸˣסŻشϣһ죬ܿͷ˵ڶſڴһ۾ϸİ衣
棬ܽ͹һ߳Բû
ǰӽֻܿݶһγȫò
üܽƿ·ͿܽСʱӣԭϸڿǲˡ
̻һֱûϣܽߵ˴ǰƹ˲¡ɫѤõ̻ţ͸˵ϡ
ܽ͹һЦڴǰվһӴ˸ǷҪشϢʱͷƳĻ⡣
һܽӣƳ嵽ȥⲢҸԶ
Ҳע⵽ˣ߳յĻ⣬𾪵⡭ˮˣôĻ𣬱һƬݶ˰ɣ
ҳȥ
ƽݸܽ˵ڵϵ¡
ܽŻӣ˵ʯͷȥƻῴƻûһǵȥô󣬻һСҪǰæǧ𿿵̫һСġ
İɣȥȥͻء
˵ˣҲ˸ߺˮ˵ܽι̣˯ˣİŽҡ
һʱ֮ƴʯͷܽͷһֱݵǣͳˡ
զ£˻˰ǡ
ǰζ¥˻𣬻ѾˣǾ¥Ҳһ롣
ܽɴ۾ζ¥Ѿţö˶˵ô˻𣿡
üͷҲɻ󣺡ƻζ¥϶Ϊʧġ˿ǴӺͷģڵİζ¥Ҳûˣ治һô¡
ǾŻˡ
ܽ˹Ƶ˼ûż£ʯͷһȦ
ûʲô°ɣ
ʯͷЦһ£˵İɣûµġʱһӲµأûڰζ¥
ܽ˵ͷһԵķ̾Ϣ˵ζ¥Ҳ֪·ɣ꾹ôĵù¡ƹĻû¥ˮջˣúõһգү۰
̾һܽϢȻҲõˣʱˣȥϢɡʯͷҲһҸһԲҲץ˯컹Ҫء
ϺʯͷĸԻȥϢˡ
ܽ͹ƻӣȥһҡ˯ӣ¶СѾǺãɵϸܽ˵


95 
ŵľ͸֮ǰһ, ϸЩ£԰ζ¥ƺõġܽС
±һйζ¥⼸𡢿ĳЩ˿ˡ
ܽҲ, ˵ССľ, ˺۳ȥɾˮټľ¥һǻҪءЩϵķ, ⱳôðζ¥֣ƹ, Ǻ޼˰ζ¥
Ѳ, Ҳ֡
ҲҪһ, ˵׼˾ôǡ
ЦŰ§˵Ҫעһ㣬ҲûҪ̫šۼҵľÿ춼ǴһƸ˵ģҪ¶߸ǣĿɲֻһˣֵô, û˸ô
ÿȻѲߣҪŻ, ͻûϾͻᱻǴסȥֻ͵, ʱһǰһ˩ţҲ͸ˡ
ܽЦ£ͷͬˡ
ʵǲҲûйϵ, Ȼ˼Ҿ, ܻӭվƴ󲿷ֶ˳ȥÿľôһ, ûиžˮг, ׬Ǯ
վƻ׾, ˼ҾˮζԶҪζ࣬ļõĻ˵ùȥⴿˣûʲôƽġ
иҵȻܱؿ̻֮Ҳ˭˭⻵ģ͵õգʱ͵ÿ׼Ҫ˼ͼ˼ңҲøɻˣһ⼵ʾ͹ܵġ
֮ܶƤôǳ಻ģͬôһĽǼûеġζ¥˺͸ټˡ
ʮȥ˼Ҿ⡣
ζ¥³ȵĻ⣬ߵĶ˺Ż顣
ܽȻڼƵĿҲ˲µϢ
˵ζ¥ٶѾڵӷЩ顣
ܽ͹˽̸£ζ¥˳Ӧò˶һоͿˮʯˡ

ˮһ죬ӴؿʼⶳݾӵĶӶѨ߳ĺ翪ʼ𽥱ů
ܽ˴һϳõĽ˿Ͷѿϴ˿ͻƹ˿ҧһڿڸо㣬һ첻óԱģ;ֱ
⼸ܽæϴͣȻڻ£»ò˼Ǿ͵»ϴ
ܽҪĴҳϴɾְѼޱ˴ĸǵıϴĶϴһ飬ԺﵽŶ
ܽ͹һֱעŰζ¥飬Ե֣ƹͷŵһ˵һʱš˵ζ¥ȷǱ׺Էܽİ¥ƹ
¥Ͱζ¥Ը˶֪ģ˿̲ҶͨһлȻʡ
ζ¥Щжã¥жҾ¥̨¥еǸҡЩ¥ҲûƳʲôòˣаζ¥ǰԽĵû⡣
Ƕ԰ζ¥ִѹζ¥ҲϤ¥ÿ£񶼿ٵա
ƹǺ޼˰ζ¥ģҪΪǣ¥ҲΪءŰζ¥ÿУ¥ȴſȸʽƹ԰ζ¥еĺԽŨͲ߻һС
¥ƹ˵ģΪľǳ׻˰ζ¥ǸԼ¶ԼǸöĵģԼļҵѺȫ˲˵޶СǷһƨɵĶծ¥ӦծؼҵǵĶԼ߸ζ¥
Щֻ¥ƹ֪һ±޶֤ʼû뵽ԼµĶ˾ûⷽȥ顣ǰζ¥ٶһԼ֣Ӷķ鵽Ƿծ飬˳ϲµº¥Ѳ˸ϵ֪ʲôִƹթ࣬õ˿ڹ֮Щ²ס
Լ֪һһܽһһ㶵ġֲ²ôãԭ滹ô顣
ƹݶµȥ֣ζ¥ٶҲ
ΪƹûֱӺˣûҲֻܴڴˣҲгһ졣
˵˵ͷƲûɱͷˣҲֻڴﷴʡ
ʡǲܵģֻڴﲻͣԹˣ󺬺ȥҪǻᷴʡˣЩ¾Ͳᷢˡ
˵ǣݶôķʡҪǰζ¥ٶһǣڶ״εĻ֣ƹءϱһ߸ܽĻ
Ϻ˿ˮ˵ͷζ¥ٶҿǴһͲࡣ
˼ҳģһûپƽͷӰȣ϶ûʶĶ࡭
ϺͷһƹѴõľƵݸ磬İﱧ˹Ů
ܽЦ˵ǰǿңڶֻӲˡ
ϻϹ˵ͷϺ͹Ƹ˱𣬸뿪˹˼Ҿ
ߺܽ͹֣ƹ飬жλٶҶĹ΢۾
Ҳһûˣܽѻָˣ˵Щĵ˾һΡ
ܽڲڣˮ㣬ʱʱľͻһЩʪ¡ƽ⿪Ƽ˵ա
ܽ־ߣӵĿƵЦԾͷæ
Ȼûз£˵Ա˴˶Ϥĺܡ֮ܽҧ촽죬ƾһͷ˷ĻţһݺݵظµƬء
ҡﱻŲԶԱ˯˿֪ķơ
ܽϸ㣬ϻźˮҧ촽ҳ̲ס˰ѶھͶȥ᷿סĿԡ
һҹ󣬹Ƹܽ˵£ľ͵õķԺһ
ܽͷ⣬ĻûõϿɣõԼס᷿侲ĳͷ
ҹһ˯ڿյ᷿뵽˼˯㣬ͻȻͺǸСӡ
ᣬغԼ۾

֮ǰܽ͹̸ζ¥ٶң֮˼Ҿš
Զ֣ƹĴ½˹˼ңݵĵϣϢȻŸղŵľ㡣һһ飬еȣ˵ĳ֡
ܽι̣Ƴ˿͡˿Ĵк֣ƹƽԶ
Զ͹Ʋ࣬һῡʣԶŹЦ΢΢ףòػ
תͷ֣ƹ˵ĳԩѩʾףأкμƻ
ٶҴȻ¥ңΪζ¥ķֵ꿪⡣ԭİζ¥޽ŸǺ˾Ϊӭ͡ұѺڼл͹ӵĹգҪûͶһϹͷ졣
ԶҲȭ˸֣彫һж˵ˣĳлƹ򸾶ˡ
ҲûʲôЩС²ҳݡ
ЦЦԶˣҳƹҵվƣڸоѣζǹϵƼŹƹľҲ֪ĳɲҲⶨһߣڸҰζ¥ͣ
Ѿµ˿϶ǱԼģͽѾ£ȻǿԣǵպҲ۹ҪҪþƣò٣֪У
죬Ѿܽ͹ƵϵھѾ๻æ˶ȥȻڳ͢˽ƣҲ̫ʳ۾ǻ
ڳȥķֺ죬ÿ춼нˣҲ׬һʣܽѾ֪ˣڼȥȥľվƣʣµվƻȸԶһ֡
ƿԶԶ˼Σ̧ͷԹЦԣƹҶٱǶ٣ĳ١
Ц˼˵˾ͺã׮ĵľˡ


96 
ܽ¶˸, ΢ͻ˶ӡϵйƹҲòģŻޡ
֮ǰϴĴѾˣܽߵͭǰվӣԼȻǰû̫仯, ȴ˲١ظһ, Ҳࡣ
Լϵ׸⣬ܽüͷѾĸ, ϵһֱҲûôȥΪڼûٳ, ڵµġ
Ů˶һŰ, ܽžӰ, һҪݻԭӡ
ܽڼҿʼԼļʴƣʳϿƷ˵ÿ峿ܲΧԺһȦһȦܣֱһŻͣ
Ҫæ±Ƚ϶࣬ʳߴƱܽʡ
ڹｿһ㶼, ȻΪʲôҪʣԼš
ÿһ, ܽԺ, ڱ϶һˮվſܽͣȥˮȡ˳˳һˣٹܡ
ʱɷϱ, һһڷµСϿ, һһһʲôҲ
ʯͷ˾ҲԾ˵Ĺۿ飬ʮãȻ, ܽÿע⵽̲סЦ
ڼ˲Ŀܽһ¡
һ˲, ӡ٤첻, ׸֮ڵ˲٣ȻƲϸû˹ϵ
ȻˣҲһŰ֮ġ֮ܽʵЧôԣԼ
ܽʱ˾ͷȸʳҪοƣֽ٤ͽܲʼ컹˳ģΪǶŶôùġ
ܽ;ϣӦ˼Ҽʣ⻹ûЧôܷأ
ȥȰ˵ϼˣܾδֻθٴμ˷ʡ
ʵ˶ܣʵܲ˶ӳԲ
ܽҲǲԣֻٳһʳķ⡣ƫƫϲԷ⣬ʳҲٳһ;öûšϰ˰ҹԶҹԷýܲˡ
Ҫݾͱøģܽһ£һƹϺͺܲ˾ͿĶǲܳԡ
ԼĻٿҲҪȥںôжˣϱ㰴ܽĻʼıʳʲôܳʲôܳܽԼԵķ⣬סԼҪͷ˫֡Χȹﳣһܲ߻ƹϣ˾óݺݵĽϼڡ
żҲпƲסʱ򣬰ҹɺ˫۽˳ķ˿ˮֹסһ˽սƹϿܻӡ
ƿе㲻ģ˸ȣϺò׽ķһ̱ˣ߿ųԼȱ߶ִȵơ
Ʊ֮ͳ˼ԣҲûùԵĲ˵ҹ͵ڸܽϰҹԶ
ÿ϶ǵ˼ܲ˶ܽһ˵͵˶˵͸ѵǿȡϽûԶܽܽҲ
ȦתҧܼҲͣĶÿ춼ᱻһ٣ҲǺ۸ģƲİһٴ򣬵ڶȥܽǰ˵͵Զ
϶챻ˣɻʱ򶼰Ѳ˰ϵƣĲ˵񵶽һ٣Ĳ˰ƹֱ졣
緹ͻȥʱǵ϶ؼҲ뿪ļšҲֹʯͷϻԪϲǣᵽͷ϶
ûбԭʵ̫Ȥˡ
ͺҪͣ£ܽ˽һͣ˵ҪһȦ
۵ģŸͺǰܣ;ж͸ܽˣۣһҪéһ͡
ܽҲúΣܲڵϣҪǰŷ
ӱúǺֱЦҲֵĲС
˵󣬵ҲûʮֻܽȦӦ۳һжΪ̫ڷֳʱ䲻˶ܽҪǼôȥԺ󼲲š
һֱôţһڼ棬ǿ˾Ͷڵϣզô࣬ҸղŲûϳأ
ϱüЦģ
ˣǰСһȦأ
ϸ˵ĲˣԼЦĸּ⣬Сӿ˵棬ٸе⣬Ե㰡
զ͸أΪɶûа
ǣɲƽ
бһۣЦû˵ˣƾɶǶ⣿ʵʵȥɣ
꺺ӼæЦⲻûü˵ˣ˿Ҳ˲٣֪ĻΪʮأ
仰ɸϿҪˣԭЦúϲ£죬˵лл⻹ûУƨˡ
ҿ
Цһ̧ӡ
һ׮£ƽˣܽѣԼͿʼʳڵʳѾС˺ܶ࣬Ҳƽ
֮ǰȰЪЪϵЦݶˣ״̬ҲһձһյҪñû˵
ϵرܽһʱЧǳԡǰϸˣϵķҲ˲١ǰ·ѾˣµȹҲ̫ɡ
̵ȥԼ˲ѣžȥ˼Լ̲סЦ۾
һȫһӡ
ϵ֮ǰȻ̴ͬ棬Ҳû֮ǰĸоƿ·ֻص˸ʶʱʱˬʣϵЦԶôá
ƸоԼҲˣҹ±˶ʮĺӣʹϵÿ춼ĲС
ķϺƵĸһµ̨ס
ưǸСһȥƽۣ󲿷ֵĻԼˡ϶ԼҲ࣬ϲóԵģʲô²˳²˳˿²˳Ϻ²˳Ρ
ۿɼĶΧϽõ¿˽¾͹˵ȡȡ
ЩҪôϲͣҪôͱСһЩҲû˼ǰҸ仯һ˵Ľˡ
ҲЩ׸⣬ϵ·£ͷ˵ҲҪȥܽѧϰʡ
ϸϽܾ˵У˼ֶŮԼҪأĶôйٰǣ
Ͽɲǹȥ鷳ܽ˵ôԼ֪Ҳһ
⻰˵ĵǡ
ǵ˵ͷҪô￪ʼ̣ſ·ͷ΢΢һЦ
һμҵԺͶһȺܲѾٵȥܲԼܿԼڼҲи
ܽϸԼϽǸϸ񣬻һܽš
ֽ֧ǼʵģƯƯΣҪ̹˲١ƽһɵ۵ϲҲ֮ǰܰʹ
ﶼˣȫˣҲֹͣ˶ȥٶꡣ


97 
ÿܵμһܲ, ǵҲһ˵
ǼʣǱ϶˵ԼԱ˳ŵϹڣȴؼҸԸ͹ľ
ƾͲдϣǳĽ, ȻҲϣԼɹ
ܽһ˵ļʵѾһȺ˵ļʡÿ춼ԺӴϵӵİ, úЦͬʱżҲȥ
϶Լָл, ˲ٳʳͲ˹֪Ǯܽ϶, ͵ľͶԼеĶ
ܽ˸˿, ʯͷѲ˶, سĲˡĭɢ
ӱϱڵϣѽѽظ˵ܽ£Ҫꡣ
ƹغǰţ״һ˹ȥƨһ£ͲﰲĳԶٷʲô
˰, С콥һ, ۵һͿ
ܽٵĳ뷹, ӹƻӹӡֱҧСƨһ£˵¡
ղһֱ, ǶˡҲԵĲ, ﻹʯͷԣǵðˮ״
Щ˸, һٳԡûԶٷ, ˵
, ҳԱˡ
ܽϸι̣ҲûȥԷߵ£ŶüС̫ˣҪ㱧ŲŰݡȥǰ취Ҫĵϰ߲С
ܽĦŶӵСֱֻж˲ŻƽʱܹԵġ
ƻǾöˣ˵ܽһĻ
ôˣƸǰ
˿̵ʱҧʹҡܽԼʹſӵǿССĿˮ˳ҲĿˮˡ
ֻǰһ䣬ŶӺ˵ڶ𣿡
ûһͶ̣ܽûص˹һۡ
̾˿ʵǺţܲôһֱҧȥ
û£ҸŪԵĥĥͺˡѾܳԸʳˣܽ⼸˲ٳʳĥɳԡ
ܽͷһ£˵ôˣԺ󵨸ҲТһȡ
Ŷӵ˵⻰Ҳϡ
νЦһ£ҲϣֻҪ͹ˡ
ܽǣʹƣһлԪϲ˵ţ
Ƶͷƽص޺ֵܵǡ
ܽ΢죬мô
뵽ǵľܽˣ漴ͷǵҲΪȲ˳ز˼ңǼ˼ſҲôģ
ҸǷ٣ǻؼҺúһۡ˽ǵļҲС
ôͦõģܽҲͬ⡣Ȼ˵Ͷ̹̹ͬһԶڻؼҡ˷ôã˭ܲ룿
Ǻ͹ǩʮԼܽǰû£͹ȻмңԺÿ궼ǻȥһΰɡ
Ҳʮ궼Ǻͼһɣ
һֱ£һ£˵ͷ

ۺƸϢ
˸м֮⻹ΣҵƸ˵һ¡
үһ׼
ƿЦ£˵ô˵ʲô¾ˡ
Ҽӱ¸ұ࿴һ׮£ѾƸҲӡһȥ֪飬ҲѾŮھ͵żұȥףұٷż٣ܻȥɸס
˵Щʱ򶼾Ļš
űȶ̹ôĹǮӡʱ˵˲ܹҡǼ˲ҲûﻹǷ˼١ôһҪؼңԼѾûԹˡ
һΪʲôأ岻ô
̫ʵˣǵʮʱ䶼ҵģӦȹദˣѾ͸ӣ˵ʮұѾ̣ѲɻһΪ࿴֮飬岻ؾΡȻǻȥףҲֻȥˣüұȥһٻɣҲȥ졣
æãƶ˵ôˣתȥ
ܽڼдܴãƻЦ¡
˵ܽͼޣ⻹ܴõһε˼͡ģǡ˳ܴܽܽӣ˼ҡ
ƽһã̧ܴͷЦǺǵӦ¡ӿĲ˹ģԹԵš
ܽ£˵ұҪȥ׵¡ܽȹ˵ͷ˵һа˵İ졣
ǰЩ˵µķݶǵĲˣüҵӽ𣿡ƹĵ
ǶȥһˡܴЦŻӸܽţתͷ˵üҵӻٵĲأҲסˡ޽ҲʲôͰؽһ£ٰ޲ӹһ¾С
Ƶ˵ͷһߵֹܽĵׯڳôûбǳˮӰ죿
Ӱ죬ǺõӰ졣ﱻˮһ࣬ظˣׯڶî˾ϳʱǮð˼Ķأ϶ܷˣ
ܴһ¾͸ˣܽ͹Ҳܿġ
ȻȥׯڱˮˣҲΪܹաôأܲæĹܽдŵ㵣ǡ
ȻˣҪȻҲڴü˿Ҳˣ綼ˣӶԺ֡һµأҲһء
ܽЦЦָܴ˵£ǰЩ˵ȥѧգúøãȥһѧͽ
ܽ治֪΢΢۾
ǰǾʲôûмҪ⼸꿴½׬Ǯõ뷨Ҳıˡţһա¹ʲôֻҪõϵģǾͶ׬Ǯ
ܴǸϵһڻ̷ӣ˵Щʵܽ⣬ˣһգʹûҲڶѧɣԺܵǮ̣׬Ǯ϶ٵġ
ܴЦŵͷͷ
ôѡȥѧǸҪԿˡ
ûʲôһԡȥѧգƾǸֱŵҲ֪ܲѧɣǸϤԼѡ˸˼ѧӣҾҲͦá
ܽ͹Цļ̣
Ƕͷ̡
֪ܽˣ˵ͷϣûȥ˵һҪʱҼʱҸóԵġ
ܴЦ˵İɣҲ˵Ҳġ
һ͵˳緹ʱܴҪȥܽӲ³һ緹
ܽó˿õСɣιԡɲǺӲһŽմҺͻĺӳԵĺ㣬űɾȥҧ
ʼιӳԣԵôһζʮ㣬ȷܺóԡ
뵽ǽרŸģһ⡣һҪͣһߵӳͻȻޣƵֻæת·߰ѱɷŽ
̵سԱˣ۾עһ
ܽʳľٶΪƸտĵЦ£ͼʣµȫŵ
ƳĬû˵ԱɵͻȻǺЦһ
Ц̫ʱˣ˶ԹƵĳЦͷ̡
ƾĳʹһ£ίͰ͵ɱȥ
ܽЦʮΣСȥġ
ˣܽ˰Ǹίѹӡܽ״ֻԼıɱҹùչ¶Цա
ˣܽС۸ס۾飬΢΢۵״żƵóѵЦ⡣


98 
ܴ˵һ, ż⣬ڹ˼ҳһٷһŻȥ
ϺܶҲȥˣҶȥѧյ鶼֧, ʮָˡ
µ׵ʱ, ܽӺϢ£˯áƿô, ѼⰲŸʯͷ, ȥš
Ǳȥ, ŵ¾ûû, ˵ϧءӳʵˣܽҲȥſһܸˡ
һ·˴źӵţڡ
ܽӣһѶһòֵ, ĵһ߾ϡ
˭ҵݣĿ濡
ɲ, еŮĶÿ, Ƶġ
Сӿе죬ҺǰĶӦ˭ҵŮİɣ
ܽ·, һЦǺǵС˭ģӸָ·
ܽ΢΢һЦ, ص⹫ź;˾˵ģ鷳ָ·, ֪ôߡ
Цŵͷ, ӣĺӰװ׾, ϲ
ܽ˵һлֳ߿ĸ˵ͷЦһ¡ƵĻ˸Цźˡ
˳ĬһȥķʼǸһȣе֪˭ˣⲻǺŮϿƵǸ
ǸӹرõǸŮ
ԶԶԣҵվƶ㲻֪
һ˻Ȼ˵ԭ˼վİһûӦ˵꣬һҡͷ̫̾ˣ
⼸첻ǲ˳ǹġ
ϣã塢иŮôТ˳õһѶҪǮأ
ֲеŮôã˺μҴŮǿһһûģ˵
ʻǸüúõǸɶҲӻμҴǸˣ⻰ǿɱ˵ȥѹ
ղ˵ĸ֪׵ı죬Ƭ̺ЦˣżһԵĵҲ쵽ͷˣ֪֪ȵĺҲ£
üŪ۵˼ƣ˲˵ɶģԱ˵䣬һЦ
Цܽ͹ƵĶ˶ӳЦ£żߡ
ͷͼӶڴſڿϣתͷһ˵վá
ܽЦ˵ͷֳˡͷЦһ£תͷܹƺ˾÷
ƻ֮һЦϺͺμҾĸܽ͹ƺˣæϲزֹš
վԺﺮ˼䣬ܽԺμҾĸ˵˵Ų˹𣿡
μҾĸͷأ˯šȾ˷纮ǰһЩ⼸Ѿ˲ˡ
ܽ˵ͷϻŵġμҾĸżȽٹȥ
ܽĽӣưѶݸҲȥ
⹫ڵμҾ˾ȥ˱Ĵ˸Ƿӣ˶ڼҡȥͷ԰˺ֽ֣ݸ˵ĺǴк
һҰעϡͷڴ߿ӣܽǱõĺ𣿡
ǣӣͷıܡͷͷ
ͷЦؿģӵֺܡ˲ڴϣԵ˵ȣǺЦ
һȺΧӻЦһ˯ˡ
ܽӺ͹ƽݿǼ뻹ûӦѽһع񣬸˵ĸʲôƵģæЦϣǲҵﰡ̫ƣඣ
ܽϽӱЦĴ飬ӵС²ӣƤе죬ջԼֲڵ֣κۡ
ԣ϶ϼ룬ðСӵĥˣ
ŲأŵôůӵƤţܵġ
Żﲻ޲ֹԵúܣ۾ضſԼЦšԽԽϲһһԹϣСס
ܽһЩͷҲȫףۿɬסѹôûչ˺ԼȾ˷纮ű֮ǰ˲٣һܰɣ
ųû£ǰһҹ˯ûǺñӣڶеԣû˾˺˵ĿšںҩӶˣʲô¶ûУͷİɡ
ܽ죬ŵҪչ˺ԼԺӳ㻹Ҫȥｿٳأһ¶УҪꡣ
Ļ۾ϴŬ죬Ц˵ſҪˡ
ܽϣ˵žǡ
ЦЦڱϵĹֺ˵𻰡ʺ˷ϵ壬ææܲܳԵ
ЦУһһشŵ⡣
ϺͺμҾĸղž緹ʱЦź˵úͱ÷ߣһǳ㣬⣬סһٻȥ
ܽ˱ɩǼл£ûȥء
ϼޣЦ˵¾ͻȥɣԷϱһˣý͹ƳԱߡ
ҲУҾһˡúͱ÷ģһԷҽǡ
ܽһͷЬ˴
ƻﴧ˰ǣ˿̾óݸƽ϶ͷǣͷĵĲˣ˵лл˹һߺ˵
ſЦһ£ͷӡ
ԺĴУְ⹫лˡ⹫úְĲȥԣԼϴ˰ֿ첽ӡ
ܽ͹ƺ⹫⹫Ц۾͹Ƶ˵ͷ
ûԷذɣ
ܽ˵ͷ˵ûأһ⹫ߡ
⹫ԼѼߵſڸμҾĸ˵󼸸ת˵ؿŻӡ
ΧӿμҾĸʣȥѴйһԷɣҲһֱء
˵˵ͷܽվ˵ȥɣҲþûˡ
Уǽȥɣҽɩһ𡣡
ܽͷԼ⿴ӣߣҪżܽ˵֪ˣһ·μҴ̼ߡ
μҴ̾סżҺ棬òԶ˴С·ȥٴһƬˡ
ܽϱ߱˵·￴иڰβݡͻȻЦһܽɻ
ɩЦʲôأ
ϸָǸڰεƬأ˵Ǵֵġ
ܽüͷǸڸɻˣƵΪʲôҪ̸ɻǴˣ
Цҡҡͷܽдʺţϸһ·˵ָ̧˴к
壬ڰβţ
ƺ̧ͷƼϺЦ£ֱǰõﳤ˲ٲݣҰһΣԼɲ
ͷ廹ǻȥɣʱǾðˡ
ƺβݣû£һ͸ˣɹɶ̫ϲ
ϼûȰлǶлˣͷҼԷ
ƺЦӦˣܽǰߡ


99 
ܽѾԾ, ˷ܵĲڽ˹ϵص⪣ôһ¡
ϿԶ˺ˣͷЦŸ˵˺μҴ׮һ
۴̵ԭסڴ, ⼸Ϊչ̲Ű˹ﶼû, ҲʮǰΪѲˡôһֱһˣҲĺܡ
ܽ˵ͷ, ϼ˵һӵĹ޶Ů, Դ׶һĺ, ĿⱲӹô¿, ˵ϱ
ʮ̤꣬ʵڷܣض಻˵иţʹ֮ǰȢҲвԸЩ˺һҲϲҪɶģ˵ۼҴá
̺զʶģ
Ҳ̫, ͬһʶҲûʲôֵġ
ܽһ, ǴЦ, ץϸ첲ֶԾ˼
϶飬֣Цź˵õ´˶֪, Ȼͬ, ͬ⺺ȢáôҲ⣬ȥôǰ鲻˵, Ⱥ˰ꡣ
΢紵, Ц, һû뺺ǿ۴ã̸˭Ӧ˵ǴòȢ
ξףүү֮ҲǸùޣ˺ܾãȥ˴ԸԸޡ
̲Ըɣܽʵ
ǣòԸ⡣֮ǰ޼һ͸ģᵽ˾뵽ǰ¡үү뷨̵ܾס̻ȥΪ¾͹ȥˣڶ캺Ϳʼذø˻
õĵضĵأǴֻգȥæòͱŴ͵͵ɣֻҪһڵ͵ųͷ˵ء
֪Ů˼ҪƽӲʹôһֱ˵˼ãԼæԼϸȥɻ
˵˵£м仹ᵽ˻ƺμҴ̳ͷһ˵ˡ
ڴ˸ٱŴãõӺù˺ܶࡣ
ܽıϵĻ仯һһǵЦһֱҲûȥ
óϲ̡
ܽȻûжôƯκ˶ҪǿʹˣϲҲ֡
˵ǺܸˣȻЩԼҲ˹ܱԼµһҪǿ
ϧ̲ͬ⣬ҪȻһϲ¡
ܽ˿ϧȴûͷϴЦû˵¡
˵˺μҴסӣԺɹѡ
ȥǰͷԷμҴ˵˺ܸˣ˵ͷ°ѹҺþ͸˳š
һ·ʹӵ飬ܽشһЩ¡
߱ģߵ˸ղƬ
μҴ̿ԼˣŲˡ
ƺɿЦˣμҴ̲ۿһǣһôȵ죬ҵɶҶ˵˲βݣզأ
ôһƬأԼ̫ˡҾɵĿ죬ò˶þܸˡ
μҴû䣬˲٣ϸ߰ɣоԼҵȥæùҡ
ƺɴ˴֣ĻʵĴӵ˳ͺμҴ̱һξ룬˵ȣǵôñ¶ˮ࣬ݱȥ̫磬һˤ˾Ͳˡ
μҴˣܽ㿴ҿ㣬ںվŲ֨
Լ֪߰ɣùˡ
ƺתͷҪ˵
μҴüһ̵ˡ
ʲô˰еû°˸ɻμҴ̸ɰͰ͵ĸͣܽ˺üŰЦȥɫĵ˵ͷ
ǿȥɣһøżˡ
μҴ̿첽ǰͷôôŵæͻңϺܽںͷ͵Цߡ
ߵС··ڵʱ򣬺μҴ̻ͷܽͻȻҧгݵģŻͷһۡ
һΪɶղŴӦ̻ȥĺ岻֪ʲôʱֽ˵ڵβء
ЩЦܽƴתȰ̿߰ɣһҸÿˡ
μҴֻܼߣ̧ͷϵĴ̫۵״ŵ㵣ǡ

ܽżҳһ緹ִһʹؼˡ
ֲᣬССײܽ
ľ֮ǰöˣֺ⹫һ˵ڡ
ܽҲĲ⹫ţӸƱţ˵ĸ첲һһ˵ע塣ӦˣŸ˸˱˻ؼҵţ
·ܽȲغ͹˵˺μҴ̵飬ƽҲӺһ죬ûжྪȡ
ӽķӦܽôҲǶԺһоûУӲһ㣬ʱһ˵ߵһ
ܽĻЦһ£ݲ˵̫࣬ͻԵȻߵһġ
ܽӲ¿ˮЦ˵ǲ֪ԵʲôʱܵˣϣҪ̫ãôһػҸ
ͬص˵ͷ
ܽؼҸӻ˿򲼣˯Ժȥϴ˸衣һҲеˣϴڴ˯ˡ
ǽʯͷ£ȥһ¡
ףұƼˣ˹
ұԸҲûصĶȥ˸ãŲҴҵܽӣһһϲ˳
ұٺһЦԹƵϲһֱүͷţүԿҵϲմմϲ
һζ⻯ұļЦ˵㻹ǰôоУô衣
ұӣĴһûͷҿɲңҪǱҵ֪˿϶Ҫѵһ١
ƺǺЦ£û˵ġ
ұʣµϲǷ˹ллүһȥףͷ˵ĶһһֱϲȥҲҲҸ˸ˡ
İɣһȥġ׾ӺˣԺҪϸģѧ
ұЦ֪ˣһúøҵѧģ
ȥæԼȥ˴վƵķͽȡ
˼վڱ̫ˣÿιľȡƻȥһ¾ͻ⣬д˼ѯܼܲӴӦͽֱԾܾˡ
ľ˵˼վΪ򵽣ڱѾ˴ٹ˵ר
ڵԺȲ彡ߣԼھƴɱͶɽԵӣƾڵһõļֱһΡ
ڹܽĶͨˡ
ƣʲôʲôɹ֪ҲԶͨũŮ
еʱ£ܾľƮŮһȻǰ֮仹һ㱡ţû취
֮ǰǰԤ˺֡
վھƸǰ΢΢񣬻ͻȻĽӣ仰ź飬ܻ˼
ܽôżΪʲô£Ӵվƹܹİ˻ر촭
ӿڴվţԼ˸̧ͷǱš
ƿɿܽӣϰһڡСüͷһ壬ͻȻϮǺܿġ
ܽôˣƽҡҡͷ
Ҳʲôµӣܽû⣬ͼͷѡ
ļƶһֱܽߣȥéʱҪ
ܽһͷˮģڹһθȥéʱôˡ
ư°ľƵظ˵ܸоһΣ߾ûˡ
ܽЦãⶼں˼ЩʲôҲȥļް
Ʊ˲һŵ⼸֣Ҳ
ֺܽ᲻ᣬİɣĶҲȥİ
һлеί
ܽоԼںĪƢСϱֺӡ
л˵
ƣϱ̫ˣܸоʵô죿
ܽҲ˼


100 
ƽӱģ, ܽһ
ȵļȥʱһգ۾졣
ȥΪηӰѵ˳ԺѼϾͶѡ
ܽѾþ, ڳܳ, ˸еʱ򣬴ȫժ
һͻ, Щڲժ, ò˶þͶỵ
ѡ糤Ϻɫ, ܴ, һһһжϲˡ
һӲľԪϲȥֽһ
ܽȡ˼ǣƺʯͷȥ
һѾҡҡ׹ǰһѣ֦, üѸ֦ݸſŵԪϲ
ʯͷǱҲô, , ˵ԼСʱժѵȤ£غǺЦ
ܽͷţľԪϲ˵Ŀӹڵ, øһµġ
ܽ߹ȥժһŽ, Ƥܱѱһҧﱬ
֭ںˮ, ḻ, С, ܽ춼ѶصĹ㡣
ζһ£˲ѻûϴܽһ
ϵĹЦصص˵ͷر
ľһԣܽæҲԼժѳ
濴ǵķӦǳ꾪ȵı飬ЦŶ˵ɡ
һͣƺʯͷеĶѡ
ܽһϴɾߵʯԸӵķϳԡ
ʯʯʶǹƸģЩ˹£ƽܵҲԡ
ϳ˵ܽЦЦһʯϸҲһͷһγԵѵӱζصɴ۾С򣬼ڷϵĻ£Ķܽ졣
ܽȥˣιӳѣǼĹʧ飬̧ͷһŵĹ𻨣ԷϵҲ˲ժļڣժˣɹ𻨾ơ
ΪҪȵЩ˶پưɣ
ܽˣ͵ɾԼҺȡ
ϵͷѼϵѣ˵ҲưɣЩҲԲ꣬ʹȥһЩʣµĲɾƣ
ѾҲܺúȣܽһջӦãʱһɾƣһԺܺˡ

ǰѶժܽ͸ȥһЩָ͸ȥ١
ʣµѸպù̳ѾƵģżժϵĹ𻨣˸ӣ̳
æȥվƺܽڼҴ˼죬Ÿ˵Ҫˣȥȥ֡
æûʱԼڼҲģӸϻһȦ
ΪգϵͺҪסһӡ
ܽˣ˹ƵĻʰ˶סһٻ
ԴӺϺϵͷţһֱܶҡûеطţϵʹ᲻ãҲֻô
ţܶιţƽҲܶ
ϵͷţĺܣÿȥһۡ
ȥĴˣϿﶼζˣ˽²ֹһθܽ˵͸ϵºͻţһӣᵽ϶ࡣ
λȥϵǼţӵŮһ·ֺǵĿ죬ŵ˼ϵһ緹Ϳųͷ˵
ϵһׯھ;ûǾôô
ܽԭȰѵֳȥһ˷ܵľͷĬĬİѻʻ˶
Ǵʱ㣬ϵȥҲǿšɹϵƫҪڵ￴ׯڣúϲԼص˼
ܽȰӵĴ̺ãְӻϴ档
ЩʱܴܴɩŴˡǿʼˢͰոףʰþȥϵ㡣
ܽǸһڼȥţҪһСˣͰźæ
ţһ߿档
ҲܽڿһۣƼͦõķġ
ͷѾɿˣ͵ܽæȥͷ
ܽﰵСѾͷİվڴǰЦһ£ɻȥˡ
ܴɩ㣬ܽȥӦˡȻز࣬Ҳװ˴ס
Сܶǻ£ȵܽǰе˵˻Ȼȥӡ
ܴɩܽˣܴɩһĻ̲ס̾ʱţоСǸܽͷܵСأѾôˡ
ܽһǰʱԼǸûŵСѾͷڶˡ
뵽ԼҲܴɩƵ̾˿ܽȰο䣬һõķ˶
ӳԵĿ϶ȫ磬Щ㲻Ǳ˺ˮ㡣
ȿζ̫ӳԲˣܽһõƬ࣬ʹһʢһ롣
ϼǹܽιӳԶԼԲ÷ܽԣӱιࡣ
ܽӹԹûп֣ȳˡ
㣬ˮθһ¶ǣܽıǼͳϸϸܵĺ
ֳ˰룬ܽ౥͵θӺϻﱧӡ
һԺӵ죬ų극ϴˢ꣬ʱѾˡ
Ҳǻ˵طϰߣϺ˯ţܽ˯Ҳ˵㡣
ڶ˳ʱϸ緹ţӹȥԡ
ܽĹȥԷ߹˵һ졣
ŮҲʱ䱧ԼĹܽҲûܴɩƴȥţһ졣
һȥһˣȥֻܶع˼ݿһۡ
ױˣһ·ܽİḾˣǱźӻϴ裬ľ˵Цл
Ƕ޽ģܽŮûӡԿʱﶼžͺ档
ԴӷԺ󣬴˾Ͷûİ˷ֱĴܽû
΢΢һЦĸһ£໥һۣҲһƵЦݡ
ܽӻȹͯ꣬Сʱ鶼Գɼҵ˺ӣһʮѣٻشҲûСʱֵֿĸо
ʱ䲻ͣǰߣһֽһСʱļҲֻʣ˼䡣
ܽû˵Ƶߡ
һһץѡȻЩһȦҲ˷ܣܽĻȥģ߬һС
ͦģɿ˼Ĺơ
ԭŽȥסһҲûʲôģǵԼµڴϣһƬֻԼĺʱͻȻͺˡ
ӻãҪܽĲˡ
ȥ˯һڶҪȥյܴĿš
Ǽ尾Ĺһϣ˸磬ţ½ˡ
ܽԺ緹أճһڣƼˡ
֪żˣһЦкһ緹ŷˣʹܽʰˡ
ƿͿĵЦˣ˲ǰ滹иϳĳ򣬵ͷܽһڡ
ֵܽؿһۣǵĻȣܽڡ
ǰƳ͵Цһ£ĵС޸ǺãĻأ


101 
ε, ܽԼޣҪôǵҪôǺ͹һ
µ׵ʱ˴ȥһţ, һ˲Ϊ, Ϊ˲μӺμҴ̺ͻƺɳ׵ϲ硣
ڻƺɰٰչ֮£μҴ̵, Ӧ˻ƺɵ, ѡ˼պס
ΪԼ֮ǰݹ, γ׺μҴ̲, һԸˡ
ƺɿԱƸ񡢰ھϯһ٣׵ߣһҲ˼ͷγ׵Ĳ
˺ܶףǶߵһ𲢲⣬ƺЩǿ, μҴǿʯͷҲᱻȵġ
ƺͺ, μҴܸɺ, ˵úܡ
ϵףǣ˰ЦŸһһƣϺûȥ, һĻᡣ
μҴ̵ǰ̫, ڵҸûбǰĹεĶŮ, , ŪĶء㼦Ѽ, ճϢƽĹһӡ

μҴ̳׵ľϯʱܿͽʮ¡
ӳľͿˡ
С첲Сȱ˲٣ʮģڼҲҡ첲ǵȣѧԺ󣬸ڴȥӴͷβܽ͹һûע⣬رԡ
˼֮ȥμҾ˾һıߴΧС
Χĸ߶Ȳͣزõˤڵϡ
ܽͿʼվּܽ첲վӻΪҪܽһԼȣýȥӴ档
ܽ˼ΣȾǰſ޹¶СܽЦˡ
סȲڴϣڼվ
վŵĸоһŵ²ӲĴ棬ӱܽվվһͰָо
˵һε飬ܽڶټվʱûˡ
Ｄվŵʱ򻹻ϥ£￩ֱЦһҲˤ
ĶˣӾѧվȻǷվվ˫ȵģҡҰڡ
Ӵ塢µʱͿʼѽѽķ˵ѾԽԽǿҡ
ƽܽ͹ڼģһ߰ӦͣϱʱҲţѧŴ˽ӣϰĽ
ܽóԵӵ۾ȻһֱͿһֱҲûˡ
ӻСڲҲģ֪ܽһ㣬ҲûġÿڼβĽẉ̂ڴ˵һ졣
ʱֹȥһ£ӭһҪץܣץõƷ׼ˡ
ʱСץǼ£ץ첻ֹǺϺϵˣܴܶҲйһˡ
ܽӲϴɾһůĺɫСñӣùƱȥλǰ˹˼ҵȣȥץܡ
Ѿúˣһ㳤ĺ첼ץܵƷں첼ľͷΰڿһҪԼȥ
׼Ķĺܶ࣬˱īֽ⡢־ЩĶ⣬ľõīߣõõҩӡ߽Լׯ˼ҵĳͷ
ЩһӱƱվڱϿûʼץܣѾһգգضЩˡ
ҶһʱͲൽˡ
ܽѳ˹ˮ̳ʢһС˽
ץϿʼ֮ǰȡԼǰѷĹôĶ˲Ͷеע⡣
ܽץ鼮߱īֽ˵ģԹƹôߵľٶΪ
ӱ˺첼ϣҶЦ֪ʲô
ܴ˵϶̺͹ղӿʱˡܴɩвͬ뷨óͷۣӻСҲ˵
۵ңں첼ϵȴʲôں첼ϣ̧ͷűϵ
ܽһֱָָһǰڷŵĶָķһۣǰһſವǰȥ
˸ߵ˺첼ľͷͣ˰ǰͷĳͷһᵽɤۡ
ӴǧѡƳͷѡԺҪ۵ģ
ôţ³ͷʹһ˹ȥĬĬ˿
īߡҩӣӶͣ¡ҵĶͣ־͹м䣬²ˡ
ûзӦܽԴһšӿۣ־ǰͷǱ顣
ܽ˵֣ѶӱױƼ־һߵĹ
ļûȥֻǰѿԪ˽ȥ˫֧ŵѿԪѹƨ档
һ£ҷ׷Ц
ЦŰӱһڣܽЩΣһӵıӡ
ץúð䣬Ժ϶˲ã
˵öԣôĶͷΨѡԺһд컯ġ
ǣ鱾һֱۣͱŴȥôС֪ѡ飬ԺһǸĺ

ӿһ飬ܽ͹ЦЦʲôӵһ߳˳档
ӵܽ͹ƲûϯʱѾһԼ˹־ˣٰδԵôۡ
һĿڼʯͷкϺϵһȺˡܽһӺòˣֳһӹ

ˣ콥ľˡ
ʮһѮʱӭĵһѩѩƮ䣬Ժ˺һѩ
ſڲ֪ôýһϷϿŵʱˤһӡ
캮ضģҪԴ˵ϣѪҲҪϴܽԺɨѩԪϲľôǰı
ˮ͹ˣʯͷԪϲǿʼھ⡣ǰͷһûʲô¾ͻ˺ͷ
Ͻ첻֪ʲôˣǺǵζ˳ŷ紵ǵԺӣŵ̲ס˸磬ֻ˻ǰĿ
ôˣȾ˷纮ůͣܽ档
ûУż˵ζǺһ¡
ܽЦһ£ͷİѩͻȻ뵽ǰԵĻ
ĶͻģһٻһȺʪˣ˶˵
¾Ͳϸ룬һͼԼԹϱ⡢ţŹɷЫӻŶ̻ζ
Щζڻ£촽ܽͻȻͲĲˡ
˵ҪԻɣɻ󣬲˵ʲô
ܽһ»ʲôƻȻ򣬻˵˵ǹ˸
ܽٵգ۾ʶǻĹųƵͷ
˸ǽʳ֪ǰ߾ʱصϰ˵ģ˿ͻȻܽ𣬱ô֪ġ
ܽһҲţĻƵ˵ģ˵Ƕóԣҵʱһͼסˡ
ţϴһ˿ȣʵԭй˸˵ûùģΪлء
˿ûлɣЦŻлΪʲôй˸ԭ
ܽ˵ͷʾˣ˵ҲѣʱȥһСһĹٳȥû˸ϵĵ̡
˵΢ü˵ϲһ򵽣һ˴඼û˵˸ϵľ͸ˡ
ܽæ˵Լζöãˡ
򵽹˸ϵĿԿ˵㣬ܽƱ˵ͷ
ܽĴӴ˵أӸƿţԼȥоϡ
ǰûҲóȥԼûôི
ƿææĽŲЦһ£תͷ˵е

ûĸܽȡӴʯͷš
һǼף֪ôƺͷ϶ԲʯͷҲԲ̫ġǼ׾ͰĲζӪָߣܺܳ⻹̻ʲˡ
ʯͷһȦҪõĶ꣬һѶ˼
һʱﰾ׼ʳģƿ˰ĺӣץȥСʰɾܺá
Ǽ˵ζ˳ܽСֱӾͿˡ
Ĳˣûʼܽͺһļãζرá
ܽ׼ʳ˽ȥˡ㹽źƬ񡢶ѿָֹܽ˱ƬŨ׵΢΢һ̾ܳˡ
ܽһ͵ȻѾ㹻óˣմϵϾһַζ
⣬˳ԵĶܹ񫡣
ѩأȴԳ˺Ũ׵ײͣԴֻʣһ֡
ܳԵֻһ뼦Եζ̼۲ؿżǳԻ۵С΢ţˮ˳
Ľлܽӣڹ˵㶳ϴ֭õ˲ܸӳԡ
ӵ˰죬ûԵżˣ˼£ܽһ䣺
ܽĶͣˣͷԾؿһųԺóԵģ˱ֺһ
еܽ˲ڻˡæӦ¿ӣ˻ӣָ˵һڡ
ӱ˺ܸˣҲûĺóԵġȻ˿ڣˣһһغܽڻǿ˵Ķι
ʯͷЦ˵ӻẰ
ƺͷҲܸˣһ߿Ц
ҪΪڳԵģ֪Ҫȵʲôʱ죬Ǹ̰ԵСӡһЦ
ѧˣǰŲ˵ءϵ
ӳԵ㣬ܽһڣ˵ٹ˸ǳԶˣҪȻҶżԺﻹҪóԵĲ㣬˵ܿͻ˵أ
˵ʲô̧ͷЦ
л˵


102 
ܽٻΪӿڽԵø, ˯ʱ˺һ˯š
ڽеҲͲˡ
ڶӾڹƵ¿ڽ˵ǳ죬Էһ롣
Ҳûȶ, Ӿͽ, ˵ᶼˣһ, ͣغ
Ӻܽ, ֮, ֻҪܽһ, ͻﺰ
ʱܽ£ƾͻסС첻ܽһ㶼ԹԱ죬ܽһͻῴΧվСۿתؿ
⸱Ӿͺղ˶ίһ̻Լ, ܽͱ
ƱЦˣܽ˵ǰ仯, ܽҲЦˡ
Ҳ˸ѧ·ʱ, ܽ͹һ£˸ѧĲͼ͵μҾ˾ѧ
ѧ, ´ܽæűʱ, ǾͿ԰ӷŽѧһ߿š
μҾ˾˿ͼֽһ, ˵ⶫôԺ, ۾һ
Ǹö, ʡپ
˼ҶϣҪ϶ǰզû뵽أ
μҾ˾ôţҵܽ͹Ƹ˵ѧͼֽȥ
ܽûѧ£˾˵Ҫͼֽһ£룬ⶫ˵׬ͷ
ѧ۸ߵͣׯ˼ҿ϶ǲġ
ѧ·ĿİģºƤʵһ굽ͷܲ˼ӵǲܰǮͷ
ϵĸ˼˵ͲһˣϸֲǮѧܰ·ܼ˸ǿ϶ȥ
ܽУ˵ѧҲô¡ǵͼֻֽ˸ŵ״μҾ˾Ҫѧÿѹá
ܽԼûպμҾ˾˵ǮֱӰѧͼֽ
ѧܽ˵΢ҪǺμҾ˾׬ǮǾ̫ˡ
ָܽμҾ˾˲һЩѧϸڣͬʱҲѧҲȱ㡣
μҾ˾뿴ԼŮԴﶼװʲôզô˼룬֪ôأ
棬μҾ˾ϲûʡ
ܽ˵ĻμҾ˾ȥһҪúоһѧЩȱܸĵľˣԺʱҲҪǰ˵Ķ̴
ܽͺμҾ˾˵껰ͼææسˡ
μҾ˾һҪľʱæѧȤؼ˰죬ͽܸԼæ
μҾ˾˵ľʮ˴嶼ǳڶľҲһĸ֡
ѧյ˶ȥˣÿ궼ҪܾüһųȥѶ̤˺μҵż
˲ٲˮμҾ˾˹۲һȺֽŸɾѧѧͽ
ǽԺӻķΧҪ󣬺μҾ˾˵İʦǩ飬ʽΪͽ
źֺͽܣμҾ˾˿ʼоѧ
ģڼΧһľͷתһûԼڣ˯Ҳ
ֺ͸ͽܸϢμҾĸȰһأûЧͷˡ
ѧ˼ľҲǰ֣ѧ˺μҾ˾˾ࡣѧͽȻΪѧĺ٣Ҳ˵һЩ˼룬е뷨ҲЩãμҾ˾˻ɡ
ĸ˵Ŭ֮£ܽڰºյ˺μҾ˾ѧٶܽеǳȣѧҲһ
֪ܽ˾ƵѧʲôϣȻƶٶȲǺܿ죬ȶȴǳߣһҲײ෭λܵڸ߶ȣӵȲִص
֮⣬ܽ̾Ļѧֵ
ܽû뵽˾˻е̵գѧϵ̵ĻֵСϻСӣܽԾ˾ʮ
ѧһҲִѧһЩơ
ܽ˶ѧĿ϶μҾ˾˺Ǹˡ
μҾ˾˻ȥʹˣܽûʣֻٴ˾˾ѧö˺˵Σ
μҾ˾˵ԼһֻͺʵӣĶ̴Ҳǰ
ܽ˵ͷͺμҾ˾˳˴š
ΪͼֽûҪǮԵʣѧμҾ˾ҲûǵǮ
ĲѾ̧ȱѧܽãֻżԼɻʱ򣬻ۺӷŽһ߿š
ܽʡ˾Ҳûѧ
μҾ˾ܽûٹעˣֻһƵĿһ䡣
ѧĺܻ𣬲ٸĺһǸպεľƢĺܣûһѧ·
ܽ΢΢һЦĵİԺ
ܶɩӽˣܶһ£ֻĻ㡣
ǡҲ˲Ǯܶɩ˴˷ӣĴӷҪһʱò⣬ܽȥıһ¡
ܽܶɩĴһȦȻλúã۸ߡҲЩϾɡ
ʣȻûλúãǰ̺լĸ֣ӶࡢԺҲȰܶɩѡһ
ܶɩȽһ£ѡѧýһǸӡ
ǮңһǳɣһҺܿͰ·
μܶɩǨ磬ʱѾ뵽ס
ʯͷϺ˷ܵܽԺӣ˵һϷӣ˵طԺʹ㳣ﳪϷ
⻹ϡ档
Ц˵һһˡ
ǰǰȺ˵ϾͿʼϷأʯͷּ˵
ܽôû˳Ϸأ棬תͷһ˵ȥɣһûƼϷӳϷء
ʯͷ۾һ͵ͷ飺ǰƸͷȥɣ϶رÿ
ǽЦŵͷ˵ȥҲˣֱӵ¥ȥԡ볢ζ¥²ȥζ¥԰ɡ
ܽЦü䣬ŹƵ˵ͷ
һ߱Ц˵ҾͲȥϷˣ˶ӣԴˡڼҿӣȥʱȵζ¥ǡ
˶ೳ֣ϷȤڼҿӣܽ͹ҲܺúϷ
Ϸ¶ˣܽڴľ˯ˡ
ڶֻʣһƺӶ
۾ܽ·˳
ֱӣֶһڵĳ棬˸ÿǵ󼦵ܽ˹
ŷŽģǿġģ˻ͺΣͼһЩлϺ׵ζζ嵭ϳӦò̫塣
үΪ˸棬ܽжĲˣԺûˣһڣżڹһ¡
ͬʱЦˣܽȽݣԼٵȥϴһ£СŻ
˴ܽһͽƿ棬۵״һ˿ţζôҪҪټһ㽴ͣ
ζʣ嵭ˬڣŴˬлϺ׵ζ̵Ҳʡ
ܽϲصɴ۾ŹƱ˸Ĵָ
Ѿ֪˴Ĵָ˼˿Цĸӿġ
л˵


103 
, ֳܽӡ󡱵ļѾˣСӿƲ־׶˲١
ʮϧس˼ܽĳԱĶ, ڵϿӡ
Ӽ, ӹƻҪȥưڵ, ȷվ֮֡
Ƿһ, ̫, ֱֿٵܽϡ
ѧ·ٶȷɿ, ÿǣŻ߷ǽĿҲˡ
ֻҪѵܽ͹ƹò˶೤ʱѧԼˡ
ܽЦŰԲཱུСһԵĹ˵ļк֣ȥɣ
ڼҲûʲô, ܽͷӦˡ
ſʯͷƣܽȥȥ, ϶˰֡
ﲻȥ, ȥɡȻͷͦõģҲôһ㣬ǵðƤ, ٴϵñӡ
İ, Ǵĺءóʲôˣʣ˻, Ƭӽȥһ¾ͳɡ˿Ͱײһ, ׷һ¾С
ֲѾ, һ˾У䣬üŻ
ǳɣǾɡ벻Եʲôඹ
ЦŵͷӦУǾһɡ
ܽסˣݸӰʵߵǰ뻻һһѴ
ǰѡ·ǣں濴
һɫؾİӣǼɫİӰɣɫϲ졣
ܽ˵ҲǣǼɫްˡ
źӳŹ伯ȫװ˺ްЬñ⣬ϻΧŷϸë׵Χ
Ʊڻ۾ĴĲˡ
е࣬ˣпŶĴ߶С
ǰһŵСܽΪ˸·һĲˤ߹ǣס֡
ߣ̫ˣһҪɢˡӣƵͷܽ˵
ܽ˵ͷս֣ǰȥ
·ʲôĶУװƷˮո߹ޡʳٻܽ͹Ʊ߱߿һߵ̯ͣ
̯дǣǿһͨĿɰȻʲô
ܽһ̯ӣżơݡݡ˹ġнСѡ̯ϵߺܶ࣬ĶС
ƶ°ӷڵϣܽǣԼѡ
СӾû취ֿЩߣʲôҪһð۵Сŵϵߣһתͷܽ
ܽǵؿע⵽ҡҡͷ
ûзӦӴôһ¡̯϶˰죬˵ϵݺ;СֱȻҪš
̯ܽǮǮӰ߷Ž
һڴ̯뿪ûżһɹ˵㡣
ѭζһ£һ̯ǰͷ
ܽǺ棬̯ǰΧ˲ˣ߹ȥһۡ
̯⣬һͲǱˣϵķɫܺڣҲ䣬ϴҲ˵Ĵ硣
ԱͣһСѾߣܽһʲôתͷԱߵˡ
λ岮ʲôǰôûأ
ǰһʳͣ˿ЦŸͣǱߵĳʳǰϺõľðͺ飬ٰѽСﱳǰСϳļ飬̯ҵһ׶ŶЩһڷݫĴҶϾˡ
СѾˣЦŶ˵ζ㣬ֲô˶Ŷӵˡ
ǿɲ㣬ŸóԣܼĹͼӣҵθڡҪǰܳôԶĳʳԽԽඣ
˵˵е̾ܽ飬һһ귱֣Ҫǳ꣬˵ʲôء
˵İˣӹֽĵˡ
ܽŰͷȥŶҲһݳ
һҪʮģ۸񻹲ˡ
ܽǰԵĶе񣬴˴쳢һڡ
ż׷󣬻Ķϣȷʵзζ˲Ƣθ̲סһڡ
ܽ׷̵˻˻ģƳһڡƽƷζ϶ص˵ͷ
ӵ챻ΧʱżקΧҲҪһڡܽ͹ƺǺЦ׷һ㡣
һڰԵܽ㣬Ķ඼ǳʳ۽ˡǺ«ɡ
ĶԽԽֱ࣬˳
ƽסռܽͭݸ±ζϰ壬ͷЦдŵ㲻˼
һͣסˣɶ㣬
Ƹ˵û£ʲô򣬼ôˣȥһԡ
̫ҲأܽҲˣͶԹҡҡͷ˵ȥܶɩͻȥ
Լĸ첲ӽӹš
˱ߵܼǸ㣬ͷһ¡
˶࣬濴Ŷţҽȥ˾ͳ
á
ܽ˽ȥƱſվšһСﲻͣζ
ܽܶɩ˼㣬˽Ŀ˸Ķ࣬˰Ŵӵ߳
ܶɩװǸõĸ㣬ܽ˴̵֣Źߡ
ȥ·ˣӼͶģһͣһʱϸպ緹
ܽĶȻ࣬ΪԷҲ࣬һٷҲûʣʲô
뵽Ҫ¥Էܽ˸ֱͷ˿ӡ˯һʱʰԼӱϣź͹ƴʯͷȥϷ
Ϸ˼еԶӭ˰ʱŵӳĴŽȥǿԺѾˡ
һһ룬۾ˢˢؿǰʱϷ̨ӡ
ܽôе㾪ȣŹߵǰſվš
һŵϷʱ䣬Ϸ̨ϿһˣżмСĮ̇Ͽܹ
ܽое䣬˶ƵϿһ¡
Ƹ˴֣ʯͷǮͷͲȵĹζӡ˰Ӻ꣬˲ů˲١
ϷˣܽһͶϷ̨
һһŮɫͷ׵ϷӺ첼ⲽߵǰһ񣬱ѽѽĿʼϷ
Ϸһ罺ķޣŮ˸ղУ˾Ҫս̡һȥܾȥ޻أһϷҪľ˻⡢Ĺ¡
ܽʯͷ۾Ŀţ̨ϵϷӳǻ沿Ҳʮ˵дŨŨıѹ
̨µĹ֮飬üͷ壬ḻһѾ˳
ܽķӦûôţҲ̾˿
гʱϷͭǮĺͯ㣬ʣµÿʮͭ塣ܽǮϷ˲ζ¥ȥ
ʯͷ·˵˶ܽ͹ȥҴҵͷȥ˶
ܽ͹Ʒ˽Ųζ¥ķߡ
ϽϵȻûаô࣬ɺ֡
ֱߵ̯̯֧̯⣬磬ʳó⽣ܽԼҲеˡ
˰ζ¥ſڣ̧ܽҪȥס
ܽдɻ󣬹ƴӻͳһܽȻɴ۾
Ľģ
ʱڸ￴ģźÿһ
궼ܽ׼ǧѡ֮Ӹġ
Ϊ˸ܽһϲôһֱڹţ͵Ž͸ܽ
ܽϵǾϲĽϵŲ֦ƣӵһͷһʢŵͨĽɫҫ۶Ŀǳÿ
һܹ㻨˶ӣ
˵ֶ̧İѽܽķ١
ܽתԴϵĽÿ𣿡
ܽͺÿϽԺ󣬸Եùˡʤѩݰףϼи˵ķҲŮĴ࣬ϣƾһʱˡ
عǣƻ˵رܽһЦˡ͵С顣
ʢŶİ⣬ᣬӣ֡
лл
жǶԱ˴˵İ⣬Ҫǹ˼Żڴϣܽڹϣúһ
ſڶһǣܽ˾¥
Դ֣ƹԩѩ֮󣬰ζ¥»ص˴ǰӡ
ʱһ¥ӼˣʳǺȾƴЦֵͬʱֺ֡
ˣС֣ƹ˳
һҿǾ¥Ĺ֣ͣƹЦǺǵظǴкǷϲǰѾˣǰһż䣬ȥܵˡ
Ƹл֣ƹǲؿֺ̧˸СС¥
ιӳϵѣ̧ͷһͰԼ߬ŵһӵݸ
ܽϿͷǸĽһ£ͷƵ
Ϸôÿ𣿡
ܽͷЦŻÿûȥϧˡ´Ϸٳһȥ
ϵͷܽµ˲ˡ
ٳԷܽ˼ζ¥ɫˣ˼ŲĲ˵ˡ
СѲ˵ȥƬ̺һŵĲˮǺת˳ȥ
żȼ̿رůͣܽ죬ӹϸѾһڡ
Ѿζ治̵ģһҲɤӡϵ
ѾǷϴӼģ֮ǰժʱ̳ܽӡ
ϲԺһ㣬ѾƺȶҲˣһͲˣٶɲС
ӦһСѡ
ǴѴƿ쿴һۣ˵￴ȥɫǲ
ܽս˳⿴ȥľɫǲӸߴĿǸߵ̨ͤ¥˼ңǧǣϵƻӳ
ܽ˰ֱʯͷջߡ
ʯͷܵģ˺þõӵݸܽ
㣬ף֡Ƹ˵õģ͸ھӻүүѧű˸СӣұĲ̫ãϣ㲻Ҫ
ܽȵͬʱַǳжӽ˹ʯͷллʯͷرϲܳôĺЪЪҵ㰮Եը㣬һϲˡ
ʯͷ˵һڹˡ
˼䣬ܽĲ½½
¥Ĳ˲ζΣ̶ǼȾֺÿġǰ̵ܲܽʮӵġ
񡢾򡢶㡢ǴŹǡѼơ»ϲ
ȫˣܽһ˿ӡ
ζ¥˵ζ֮ǰǿ˲٣ϲ˵СվߵȴۣܽպãС˵ȥ֣ƹػ
˰һӣһһڵͣʣ˲١
֣ܽƹæװʣˣ͹Żص˼
ܽĺǿģ˼УϿϷ˺óԵġ
ڹƵĻƽȾȵĺܽҲ۾
л˵


104 
˼, ˼Ҿ͹׼ˡ
ƸǷżǹ˼ңԪϲµǮ꣬ȥ棬Լ˹ꡣ
ǰһСøд, ˵Ǻ, ʼûпУܲܵס졣
ܽ͹ڼһ, ˱ȥ
Сһֱ۰, ܽҲ׽
ȻԶ, ǼҵСһû
֮ǰֵֺʱ, СԼͷö£취˽Ǹʳ
ܽһֱǵ£ʲôʱȥСŵлдš
ݣܽ͹ưźüһУʰȥԶص
һСȲùһȥСüҿ, װһȥЪšԷ, ƾҪʱ䡣Ҷ·氮, ˵Ҫá
ǹģƤӸţĶëƤ, Ȼ, һ綼͸ȥ
ִֿǳů, һҲõıŵ⡣
Ȼ, ôõ, ۸ҲˡһҪģţ賵Ǯļʮ
ܽ⣬ڳԼ׬Ǯﻹܼ͸ķֺ졣
ǮϻǮѾ˽𶧣ƴ֣ûǮһҲۡ
ٶȱţ죬ҡγ̶ҲûţôšݳļܺãһܽҲûжܡ
һҲֻճԪûԶƵļƻǰ·Ϣһڿ·ˣҵطͣ
ιݣܽ͹ƹ·˳
ΪһسǻԶţֻͣڻĽҰ⡣
ҹķȰĸ䣬ܽûһݾͶĿʼܡ
ļǶסڿջֻһҪｫһ
ƿ۵ĲУüصϣˮ󷹡
һ˻֪Ҫæʲôʱ򣬳ӵıӣҲʲôˡ
֪ܽҪҹص˼÷ɲ˵šϻװһ߲ˣһֱȾˡ
ܽȥƾͽȥ˼Լ´ϡ·װܽܽϾһͷɽĺܡ
Цܽ͹ƶ
Ƹ򱧲ܽѴչóһʹҺ
ϰƤƿһ̽ͷӭŷæ˵ӣȥ˰ɡ
ãŰɣôһҺܿͻˡҪǶιԸ󵰣ڳǰģλµء
ϵͷ˵֪ˣǧˡ
ܽӦһ
ֶܽе㽩Ӳˣưľһȼźչˮ
ܺģһл⡣
ľȼշžžůԾĻﴫ˳ܽһ𣬸𽥱ů
⻹ܽһҰҹǰȻһƬӣй¡
һ½·̣ˡ
ܽչ޸һ£ɢŵóӹ๾졣
ܽűָҨһл˹ȥڴڵĳȺ
ƺ͸ڷʶ塢ɿڣ֭Ũڸˬĵ£һҲҭˡ
ĺóԵĲˣԼǰĸ¡
ţܽŶ
Ѿˣϸڳ˺СſһļƤҪ̧̧š
ܽ£˯ˣͷڳ
ȺĶоˣøʰɾܽҲϢˡ

ļǶס˿ջϵĳסջûñȣĶȹ죬һڵ˶Զء
ܽӴ̧ͷ˳ϹӴĶԶ֡
Сùǽᵽһڳſڵˡ
ѾߴϽһϲ첽˹ϲ⼸ˡ
ô䣬СôԼˣ
䣬ҲģԼӵĺá
ܽЦһ£Сģ˿ƣתͷͷ˵
һʮġ꣬ϴ壬˿ǴЦǰǴк磬ɩ
Сӣ֪ܽǴܻǶܣƣɣǡ
ЦŸ˵ǴԬϣԬǽʮһꡣ
Ԭϳ׾ҲºԬǽ͵ԬҲҪģͻȻȾ˷纮˸ȣͱѹڼﲻ׼ˡ
˸ȣɵעһ㣬ںһЩûУϹĵ
İɣͲˣõĶˡСӷ˵ĺܣ˻ֶѣҲͷۣҾڼˡ
ЦЦˡ
˵ӰŵӽһǿԼĴڸС
СһҲˣߵܽǰͷ
ҶСҲˣù̿ˣ
ܽӵ¶˳СһཱུСʱϲĲУСӿɰС۾񽿽
ܽ·Ͻѧ˹̣ӿ˹С룬̡
Сø˵Ӧһܽﱧ
ô䣬ȴžĸͱɩȥɡԬһȰ
߰߰ɣڼ׼˷ˣǵҾܳˡ
С˸ˣϾ̲ס߶ƽʱ̫һС˺ѾһܽǼ̬ȸˡ
ǴĶСǰᵽԬҵϣܽϹСüҵӶ档
ȻǵһμСãȴĸĺܺãҲܽˣڹСûһЦ
ܽ˳Ц£ͷѳƿ˸ơ
һ·ܽŽֱߵİպͰ̯СȻ˵ԪرȲԶأسǲûĶȥҵ˵ԪطչıȶԶػҪãȶԶؿҪֶˡ
ۡܽŹСúͼ
ܽǿſ͵ʯʨӣŲſɫլԺ
СøԬſվŵǣǵˣźӴ̨ЦŻӭǡ
һ·ˣ÷ɡ
øЦŸһԬ˵ͷǸصӺˣȴǰ˲١
ֶӶˣȻǰһЦ֡ƻܽǰˣø
ԬºͣЦǽɣСø˺ö֣ϲϲˡøҪ͸Լһ
ԬԴָĸٵϣţҲͣд׽ܽǵҲʧˡ
СǱſںѣϽԺԷԼ˽ȥ
ܽԸŹСߣûкҴظڹСõĺͷ
Ԭע⵽ķӦ΢΢Цһ£ĵֶϱȻũңѧһҲȴ˼ҵС񣬲ֶϲˡ


105 
֪ܽСøĿ, ûʲôӦȴڸ̾ԺլľƯ
ݿྻ߽£վһߵѾ߸ǵ˲衣
ԬԪֺؽĴС, Ա߻ش, ̸Ԫ꼴жʱԬ˼
СøӰ˸, һߵ˷ŷ, ִ˵ĶԻ
ƺòһ, ͱ˵ЩˡղŽ˵Ǹ˲վ, Ժȸˡ
ܽһߵͷ˵ǣֲҲ֪ϲʲôԼЩԪζ㲻ĳʳеĸģǿԳ
Ԭϻܼǵĸҿ˳Թ˵رóأ
ܼǵĸ㶼ɩ, ֻҪоĳʳûвóԵġһЦſܽ
ɩüʵԬ𾴵ĳһ, ܽһ˿Ρ
⺢Ӿ, ѧһ㲻ù
С˵꣬ԬҲŵͷ, 뵽˼վƵζ, Ҳ̲סĿС˵վҲоģ, ȷ
ܽǫػ˾ø, Ѿ½Ѳ˶Բ
Щ˶, ɩ쳢ǲǵζСк³ԷԷЦ˵
ϼǰⳢһڣǰҪóԣСõպ˲١
Сñ˵ĺǸˣվһֱһָƺܽвˣһ㣬һ·ڹ϶Ҳûһķˣ쳢Сõա
СҲԷɣӸҾͳɡ
òãСøճ緹ûҲӾ͸ұŰɣһͷһμҺúñһ
Сô˵ܽջˡ
ͷһ˼Էһµ֣˸ȡ
ܽЦЦûонͷ󷽷سԷ
ʳ޲ԬԭһصˣЩҲСͬĲˡ
һ߳Էһߺ͹ơԬ˵뷹¶ǣ˶ӣ̧ͷһߵСˣԬأ
С΢΢𾴵ػشղѾ˹ȥˣүӦ·ϡ

䣬һ˽
ԬǽȿǷϣЦźһĸ֮󼤶ܵһԾıϡ
磡ҶþûˣôǶ
ͻȻһùưķȥȭͷ߿ƻⲻˡ
Ԭüͷһ壬ѵϽûڳԷ𣿺ʲô
ԬŬ죬ӹˡ
ܽһ΢ЦţԬǿתͷ˵ʵǱɩ𣿡
ƻǣԬõСһܵܽߡ
СĨһͣؿɩǶǼ϶ɩ㳤ĿƯϵŮ
ллܵĿ佱
Ԭ˵һѿ佱ĻܽЦŸл
ɩͷ֪пɶóԵˣǶʱȥԡ
ˣϰɣһͳͷۡС̫Ѩܽ˳
ԬƼӣ˲ͲµǱĺӣܵСӵСֿֿߴ˵Сۼֿסˣ죬˵ˡ
Ԭһ߸üԬǲ鲻Ը˸λ³ԷԴ̫ĵ
ϿԬº͵ЦǶǸСʱһÿɰСľĨһأ
Ԭǵ۾һ׽ؿϣÿӸвˣĸ㳢ɺóִģÿζܳ

Сһ˶¶ˣܽϤǵݳ˷ȥ˹Сø׼ķϢ
һ·ϱ˶ٶеЩƣϴһ£ӾͶϢˡ
ʱѾˣܽӻ·ȥݳ
ϵĲ˱绹ʢֻйСúܽǼڳԡԬֻƷǴվƣԬǺԬΪֺ̫¿Աˡ
ΪۡСüҵլӾɫǳܽڼһȦѾˣͰ°졣
һܽļƻŹСù԰ӣȥسתת
ϸһ𣬹ƱԬȥԬϺԬǵȽŹ
ܴӵӰ죬ԬȽŹǿأԼѧᣬ͸˽̵
ѧĻǲģ˰һ£ǵѧΡ
ڶ첻ʱܽӴ
һȥǰԺԬϺԬǣҲ͵˷ߡ
ſѾ߶ˮܽǶˮϴ˵ӣξǷСۣū澴˵û취԰ˣū澴һȦٴȥ
ܽתͷͷСæңԼͿԵġ
Ѿ߸ϥһ񣬻ȥȥˡ
˹Сøˣ緹ԼģŨͼСˣ⻹÷ɲڵİӡ
ܽͷϳ극ѾߵĴڹСüתһȦ
СüҺͷ԰÷źٻ˯Ψޡһشغ÷㸡ζƱǼͬʱҲΪ䵥ĶһĨ޵ɫʣɷǺÿ
ܽﶺһ乻ˣȥ˹ơ
ǰԺԬϺԬԴ϶ž룬쳤첲ˮͰսս˲ΡΡģоһҪˤȥˡ
ˣñЪЪɡ
ˣһ㣬ӱڻ˵ŲʱͼֲסˣֻҪĿ϶⡣ɼ֮ǰûкúѧϰѧƤëŪøˡ
Ԭͷ󺹣ԺΣļֲһ͸оҪˡ
ܽԬ۵ĶˣϽ˵ˣ°ɣһˡ
ܽŻˣȻ᲻ͷǷ¶ЪЪǵڵϴ˵ѧȽŹҲὡ׳۳϶û׳ĶȥԺҪúøʦϰ͵ˡ
ԬҲʶԼص˵ͷְ̧һԬǵԴҲ¡
Ъ˰Σʱ䵽硣
һȺݣƹСæŴºԬة׼ûȥ
ةСõ֪еھЩæ
Ԭ֪籾Ҫűɩȥ䣬˿̾ԸµҪǳš
ԸãƽҲϲܣеļҵóԡкȵﻹɩ·һȥתתɡԬ϶ܽ˵
ܽͷӦ˷ϳһ˸ԬϡԬһȥ˳֡
ûʮ壬ԶشСС̾вٿġĶԪûʲôͬΪӣ໹һƫ١
Ԭ˵ǵص紺ͽѼһһûڣһûš
Ȼеźܽ˳Ҳջ
ֶԶӻر࣬ͷоһ£ѧ»һ·£һ˹Ҳͦ˼
СöûԼûسŵΣֶӴԶĹԼææһֱҲûܺúдǡ
ôţСðةĺͳȥ֮ͷеһĿڡ
ʹΪĸвҪСòġ
ܽߣǼʶжæˡϵԱ֮Ӧµ۴С¶ҪСõͷͬ⡣
̫̫̾ҲɣܽԼСӸˡ
л˵


106 
ĵʮ, һܽͷϵСһְڵԲһӺòˡ
ʱСһСʱϲľðͷմԡ
ôȥ, ҲûԹôóԵ, ֪ܽʳպãܸܲԼһ
ܽ, Ӧ˹С, һС̳ϡ
̳ùССʱ, ˹, ڷϺͼ˹ȥ顣
ǹڣҾͶӦĺһơ
ܽŮȵǲ˵׾ƣƺԬȵǼҵվơ
ѵüô֣һ¶ǣҶ˻ϻӡ
һȺ̸˵أӼҳ̸˹Ҵ¡
ԬŹƵļ, ˵ϵһ¡
ǰһ˽ԣ˵Ǵ𳯽ڶ, ͨ˴ܱڶҪܿŽӱ߾ڶҽͨ, ԺǴһӸǿ󡣡
ƶžƱֶˣϼ棬Ԭʵʥô˵
⼸Ȼûܱ߹ս, ϵҲûǢ̵ͨĵز̵ͨĺô˭֪, ʵôףв˷, ʥҲûӦ
ջͷ, Ԭ̧ۿ, ֪ղʲôԼҲ˵ڽǴһҪˮͨҪڹͨʵ˵ĻڽضܷʱذĳǳؿҲ档
̧ܽۿСøֵԪȻط󣬵ʤλúãڽεشȥǡȥݺͼݡȻڣݺͼݿŸ߳Խңһ̣϶󡭡
Ԭﲻϱĳ֪ܽĵ͹£˽ľͶ˵
ȻԪݾŲţĵλþԶسǵġڿʲôţҪ̣ͨɾͲͬˡ
Ԭÿ仰ǿҪ̷ͨԪػõôСøԼʲôЦﶼԼˣøʲôϢֱӸֶǡ
С˰죬ûˣԬشøһѣĺúõģͻȻʥϵεڽذһسǵ
ǵ̽ɣ϶ŵģʥϲ֪ܲһ㡣ȻѡΣ϶ʲô飬øͨԺ˵βעһ㡣
ԬĨǵ˵˴ʵ߹£С˵˸ԬЦԴһ˿Ρ
һԪ֮ǰµĴСʹΪ飬ƾʥϵΪٵĿҲȻֻΪ꣬ҲЩ
һͨ˳Ԭ˼·˵ȥж˾Ҫ˶ҪʥʱûѡҪʱǵĻΪͲˡ
Ԭ˼͵ؿ˹һۣҪ볯Ϊ٣һߵĺԶ֮ǰǿϧˡ
Ԭ˵ǹƷؾе飬ƶЦЦûÿϧԬ˵ԼǺҲµģûôࡣ
ԬԼĺӣƵЩȻֻҵĲ²⣬δǺõġø²㣬иףպҪһҲ⧲Ƿ͵ģͨ¶˵ǸҪʲô뷨ҲԾʵʩ
øǶףһȥġ
ԬǺЦСøһըס죬˵ѻˣԼ´ͷ˵˱顣

ܽ͹ڷϢ
ܽ۾һ§Ĺ˵Сһ˽ԼĪҲΪ˸ϢøѧǢšʶ㣬Ȼ˵Ĳ²⣬̶ͨҲпܵġ
һ۾Щı仯Ҳһһ귱٣̶ӺҲ˲١ڶ࣬⼸ôˣ˵ǰ˷Ƚ֮£Ѿ֪ˡ
ܽͷĵҪǹСøڳΪ٣ǵҲ֪ϢҪǲ֪Ϣôץסأ
Сú͹øмǹǣڹ̷ͨԪƱػŷչʱķԪشҪǰðһݲҵʱһ׬ġ
ȻӪžܽûǲ
ǰֲ˳һЩԺӾͻùһ㡣ԺûʲôͻǲܶˣصȻܹϸ
ô˵Ʋ⣬תͷܽʣǵ𣿡
ܽҡҡͷ˵ǵⲻʺˣǻȥġ
ͷȥ롣
ܽӦһ
ڹСüҴ죬Ԫھ׼ȥˡ
Сñٴ죬һ룬Ҳˣ⼸һֱţҪϣٴȥҲ㡣
ȥǹСøҵģ֮ǰһů͡˲ٶȥеĳʳԪҲУǸˡ
ĹĹĵģܽ͹ƿСһһָ𣬹СǿֻӦ
ԬǳɤӺԼǣƻ˵ģ˿ŹСһҵӰСֱʧ˳
ȥȻһ·ʱϾԼһϹͷҪˣܽҲûúõĶȥ
֪СΪʲôùˣȥһ˵ȷ˵úܡ
ߵʱԪϲһԿף⼸ÿ춼ľǹɨԺӺӣ˼ҲûʲôҳǵҲʰʲôֱӾϢ
һ磬˵࣬Ѽ￴һȦʲôûȱġ
ԱߵӶˣƴԪϲѹСõĶźã͵ȥ׼Ҫľơ
ʮ߿⣬ܽǰһһͻ˺ͷ
⼸һֱ˾ʲôã룬͹ؽӳ¡
⼸ӵһֱǣʱڹ̣ͨһӣʱȥһҲ׬һЩ
ֻҪÿˣֲۡƾܺãӸҲòġ
ܽӳԭҪҲΪðһݲҵֲ̫͡Ǽʲڲ⣬ȥҲ׬Ǯ
׬ǴҪӲֵǮġӣʵʵڵĲҵԺҪԼ⣬ͿԾӪԼҵˡ
ԺĺҪûѧƵգмӣӪⱲҲóԺˡ
仰ص㶼ˡǡϡ˲̲ס
ܽƳһۣҲû˼ֱ˵Ҫи飬˵ѵҪӣ
ܽĸ磬С͸һ𳤴ûµֵ֪ܽõĺôģҪһ
׻˵Ӷร֧˶٣Ҳ֦ɢҶ
һŮԸʹӣûһİӵ˻᲻ж
ƵһͿܽڻ˵ҵѪȻҪġֻȽЩҸ㡣ֻǽǵˣûҲûϵⱲȢҾѾˡ
ܽҲˣתסƣͷǰ˵ܼ޸㣬Ҳúˡ˵öԣӵ²ǿ󣬸ȻһҲˡ
һرﾲӵûǽԧ죬ľʮҸ
л˵
ˣ


107 
, ƾͿʼжˡ
ܽһ£˾üȻǮؾܶؾͶ㣬е, ߬Ǯ̤ʵ
ｨõҪ̫, Լ޽ʵһЩܽӣԤ֮, ȥ˰æ⡣
صλڼиĵط, Ժ󽨳ҲֵǮ
ư, ܽڼ, ȥ˺ͺϺϵصӻһЩذ
˼ҵز࣬һҲʮĶʮĶظ㲻ʲôÿԼԵģܻܵʳҲࡣ
ܽʮĶأ, ԺһһȥҲʳԡ
Ҳͬ, ܽϵȥ˴峤, ˵۾ɴˣĵ˼׬˴ǮˣҪô, һǼʮĶ
пĲ, ϵȥ￴ء
ܽѡǲ˽⣬֪ʲôֳʳࡣϵ, һӵ, , غûȱʲôһ۾ܿһ߰Ųıܽʡ˲پ
ϵİ£ܽ˶ʮĶͶʮĶˮϺõء
ЩҲԼ֣Ǹǰһֱָӡ
ѾˣټҲˣܽûָ
峤˵ڴѰټ׵˼ңϢڴﴫ˳ȥ˹˼Ҿ
ܽҲİһǴһϤܽЦźǴкתͷĵˡ
ϵЦݴһκ;н
ܽһ֮ǰЩ£ЦһЩŴӡ
Ȼ֪ЩѾˣ̲ܽסɰѵס
ȥҪӵģҪֵ˲úôׯڣʱׯڳĲãô죿
ѵָȪ
ڻʲô͵ЩѾˣҵЩأĺܺãҪȻҲܰ
ȪǼ񲻱ܽ٣˵˵⼸Ǹ˲٣Ҳȷںú
ܽ񻺺һ㣬ϵض˵ǰǸˣѾѧˣ㷼ǰܿˣڻҲˣܵǮǹϺӣҲܸҵĺһͻȥѧѧܼͷİѵҰɣһúֵġ
ɩڻ𣿡
һжãÿ춼ڼءסԱߣЩҵı仯һֱСĸ˲٣ͷİɣ֤סԱߵһ˵
ܽЩĹһ㣬̬ǲ䲻ȵģɩӵķϣҰѵ֣ҪúôҵأǷ⡣
ͬˣǧлĹܽ˵ԼӶ٣ϰӡ

¸һ䣬Ŀ·Żؼ
ڿһˣҲ˸ö̵ʱ
һæأǷչǰʱض˾ܳԵ̣Գ̵С˺ܶࡣ
ܽͿʼӸʳܳԵĶƷֶ˲٣Ҳ̫ѡҲһСϰ߳˯ӶǷǰȼ̣˾ͱƱҡȥ˯
ܽûһӾͶӵ̺ȣѭ򽥽һһļ˸ι̵Ƶʡ
ʱԺߣι̺ףеʱҹ̺ٺ˯žеѣӿźܽҲĲȥ
ʱƾͷá
ЬµأӺ˯ӿ˰Ҳģҹ˯ѾͲ̺ˡ
ܽĳԵģҲ̺ȣ̵ǳɹˡ
ӶԺ֭ܽҲûˡ
ֹͣ˲飬ǰ֮ǰСһ㣬Ծɲ׳ƽ΢һЩѿʲôһ·ǰ͹̵Ļչࡣ
Ϊ֮ǰ·ȥСü˼ȳϸ͹£ƾԼˣÿ϶ƶ
ܽ״̬һʢŵĻ䣬ߵﶼǵĿ⡣
ע⵽ƵˣһĲרƣ۾һߴĽƳ
Ĵִ̳ˣʯͷ̣ܽںͷԺٵǰͷȥ
ԣѽ˭Ͳôĳ˵ˡ
Դ׵Ĺƻֿɰģ˺ӶˣܽԵ׾ûͦЦģϸϸĺܽżǻᵽǰͷ
ﻹûлæվơ
ܶɩµķֺ죬Ժܽ˵ܶѧõ顣
СӻûСһҸ˵ҪȥѧϿλͦԵĴӦˣŵһȥˣڶſôҲȥ
ܶҲˣѧҲ
ܽһЦ⣬ôΌܳһѧôˣ
˵ܶɩ־úЦѧõķʳԲôѧûᰤ
ܽܶԲԲͺʳЦ˼˵ԵĿǶһ㣬ӦҲڳԲС˵ѧõķʳζ嵭һ㣬ҲǳԹ˼˵ĿζѧóԵĲ࣬ϰ˾ͺˡ
̫ȻΪôС¾Ͳȥѧá˼ҵĺȥȥأᾹȻϧȥҷǵúúʰһ١
ܽȰܶɩ˵ɩȥҲѵѧ֡ӽΣӸտʼѧԸȥġȥƽ͵ĸѧĲףٽһԲ⣬һԹѧġ
ϣɣҿСԺҲѧʲôˣھסʣԺ롣
Ŷ󣬶ɩˡ
ܶɩ̾һСӷ
ܽϵĴ̫ҪԺˣһֱܶɩС͹¾ҪˣڶѾˣɩû˵ʲôʱԺǧɱ
ɩըʱһ죬˵СǱѧ˲ٶµ׵ʱ̻ʱü
ܽһԺǷԪеԶ˴ԺԱ
С궼ûڼҹϣһȥǿ꣬»ʱ϶Ҫ߲ˡ
ܶɩĻܽ˵ͷѧõķӶС͹ܸߣΪǸаյͨԺԣصذȥµԺѧ
ȥĩʼһȥѾкüˣûиĸߣԼѧǶúܡ
ܽ쵽ɩСҪȥܶɩ

·Ѿܿˣܽ͸˵Ĺ򣬻ͷԼȥǰԺ
˶ңʯͷ˻ܽһۣЦųݵСָﱧݣתͷ۾ʯͷ˵ӣ桫
ʯͷڵϣ鶯ݣСݸԼȥԺ󣬸ܽ˵㣬ľƻһˣվ׬˶׾ƽȥ˰ζ¥ͺ㷻̳ɢȥһӡӵȡʮˣʣµһƣһ׬İʮġ
ʯͷǰʶ֣ɿˡ
ܽͷʾ֪ˣЦſʯͷԽԽˣھ㽿͹Ƹ粻ڣҲܶһ濴˺ˡ
ʯͷʮˣڵѾܽ࣬ͷܽǫˣʯͷƸѧôãЩ̫ˣҪӣ϶ѧĸġ
˽Լ֣ӻͷһۡ˭û־ƨɺҳݡ
ܽȡ˰Ǯݸʯͷţʯͷæ˵ԼϻǮܽмˣЩǮȥЩֽǮ͹Ʒúüһ¼ˣˮ࣬ǵøЩ
ʯͷֶһ£Լȥĵ̣ӹܽǮ
лл㡣
лңЩĹǮڳ壬ƽʱڵԷҲԵЩˮȥԡкԽԽϲźϱأ
ʯͷͷӦһ˵ԼһúóԷԺҪƸĴӣ
ܽЦЦʯͷȥˡ


108 
ʱ, ľ̡ٻŭţ꿪ʼ࣬¸պõһ䲻ȡ˾رʱ
ڼӹһ죬ܽǣ, ͹ơһȥ˼ɨĹ
ĺ, ţһ·λƵĻ˴΢ʰһ, ʹŶɽ
ӱϱڻ, Ҳһȥȡô, ǵһε˼ȷǰ, ϾҪǹ飬һܸˡ
ɽ·ǺܶżһЩ˸ߵӲݻ·֦ҲǰĹˡ
ǵС϶źĲЬҲ˱õķݣʹɽЩ¶ˮ, ǵӰҲ˺ɵľ˹˼ǰ档
ܽװŹƷֽǮ, ƳΧӲ, ֮˰ѹƷһһڷźãʼֽ
ǹڹķǰͷ, ǣڱ϶Źķ˵, 㿴˭ˡӣС, йԪʡģ, ǲǱȹƺÿ
ܽǣ, ʾοͷӹԹԵĸĶѧ˸̫׼ͷԺ˾үү
·𿴵ԼվǰЦЦԹԵ˵Щ仯ɴҲ֪ꡢڵʱȥûУнĺ踣ۼҿһҾ˺öأһҲЩ
߶Щ£ܽ͹һĬĬûš
һ˼įˣڹǰһ˵𻰾ͣѼ˵һ飬˵ĻͿʼ˸˵ʲôôһԼȥˣôôģ
ڷǰᣬܽûһʱȥοŷ㷢Ĳ˲Źȥӣ
ŷƽֶ˵˼仰յֽǮȫϨ𣬼˾ɽȥˡ
ȥ·ܽ˲ٴӺ岮кǸܽϵܴҲȥ档
ܽ͹Ѱ˼һ£˰ѷϺɽ۷ܼҵǰͷͷ
һУţصѾʱңɫҲ磬ڼϢһ˴ųʳš
ڵ⣬һǼ棬һ̤ࡣ
ʱˣɫҲܽṳ̂ξ˳Ӧϰ׸ȥ˷ԪܱߵСƽɽ档
СƽɽһСɽԪΨһһİɽϺ֮ǰϵ㡣ɽһʢĲˡ
Ԫϲųʳܽͼһ·ߵСƽɽոߵŵһ΢һ㣬̧ͷɽϿȥۺɫͰɫһӳ֦ҡҷֱĲˡ
ԪϲľںͷѹָۣɽһҲżĺŻ
ôһܽ͹ߵСƽɽɽ¡
Сƽɽ̤ѡԽرࡣС̯Сץס̻ɽ֧̯ۼһСͼС
Ϊɽһ̯ġ֮⣬ʳӡСߡðٻ
Ķ廨š֡
ͨİҲиĵţͨľ峵һͣţĺг
ˣ϶Ҫȥһݵģ˵ƽһǱӵġ
ܽγû㣬͵̯ǰһЩ
˶ܽûӼڵߣӸڵϸûͱһѱ
Ųȥһʵƨɣ֪Լ²ȥˣŹƵĲſļϣίĳ溰
ܷģÿһɵʲôͻַĺȡ
Ǽһôһ뱧ôܽѾ˶ӵ·סϵĸ첲˵ȥ
û˴ԼСһе㲻ġ
һһԼһЦˣѧԱ·С˰ѻ˶ߴţ۵Ŀɰ˲˵Ŀ⣬յԺܶ˵Ŀ佱
һһ;·һõ˶ԼŻ񣬷ܽȥҲһ
ܽ촩һǳɫȹɫԵְ׾һĻͷϣԱһһԼ۵֦һ紵ܽӣǺЦѸ˶ˡ
ߵԱۿ̧ͷǾֱٿһ죬һؿԣεЦЦתͷʵʵĸ
ܽûע⵽ǱߵİӿֻҪòܻ꣬ȶվˡ
ܽǸƲԽԽӲʱڻĻ
ܽѻӹһһеü¡ˮЦǰòƳˡ
˵ã˼úܣܽԼȱ㶼ˣԼٵŵȴŴ
ܽлѻ
ޱİǮתͷЦؿܽƯ
ôһܽܺãǣŹƵֽ̤ȥˡ
ŤͷıӰղſԼǸ忡òһԼͨͨĬĬİͷת˹ȥ
˰ɽƱӺԪϲȺܽͷϽ㡣
һӤŮԣǰĿüĿչͣׯ飬ʮ𾴡
ܽĬӼ彡֮Ļǰؿͷ
ȻſѧŹ񣬵飬ҪĻȽϺá
ŷϰϺ㣬߳
ôöҲˣɽ·иͤӣܽĳʳ˳һȺͤЪųԶ
ڳԺʳ̶ܽ⣬òͷ֭ĶɳڵšըӻвҶ
ԪϲȥЩζӣһͤƵس˶

ôˣҲûʲô£ܽڼޣæغϵ顣
Ѯʱص䡣
һأڶ֣֣һڱͷ
ͷǿأĵضĵضΣΪλúã⼸رࡣ
ļ۸Ͱ⼸һֱûֱƳ֣һ߼˹ơ
˼⼸رñǸߵļǮＵʣڱЦûӣ˵⼸ظֵЩǮǳ˸ռ˱أ
ǡɱ˶ĹǱƭˣææǼǮǲǸˣƺܽһ˵ߣػ˼
ЩԷܽ͹ƶ⣬ڰѵҪģ໨ôǮʲôԺͨˣʱزĹ󣬶Ҳûôס
֣̤ܽʵˡ
⼸еǿյأеͷ˼ϾɵӣҪ붼ӣʱɳأûһصĿ϶æЩ顣
ܽ͹ûָӣڼһ£Ъ˲Żȥ˺μҾ˾˽ӡ
һȥˣμҾ˾˽ûսǵĻӣΪҪԼҸ߷ˣ


109 
μҾ˾ܹ˸ǷӵǮ, ֻΪ飬һֱҲûڳոԼҸǷӡ
ȥΪѧ׬һʣԽԽأͣ׬ǮĽŲ, عͷԼҸǷӡ
μҾ˾Ǯ, һǾ䡣
֮ǰѧʱæδ̷ƺɻľ, Ÿ, ʱμҾ˾Ҳһɡ
˵μҾ˾Ҫ߷, ƺźμҴҵܵܡöס߷, ںͷμ˺μҾ˾ˣҲһ߷
ԺμҾ˾䷿ҪǣҪæգǲˣûʲôˡ
úμҾ˾˶׬һǮ, ȻˣҲֻұˡ
ԺμҾ˾˵ϲ, һЩܼСæ֮, ص˱ľָӡ
һЩˣľȴֵĿյؿʼ
Ҫյͷ๤ĴС¾ͶʯͷȥܡʯͷһҲû, ˱д, ĸ¥¶ȡˣǵһ, ѵ￴ܵü, һҲûǲġ
ܽ˹Ǯ, ʽ˾С£Ժ͹ƲҲûϵȨ顣
ʯͷίμȽּظ֤ܽԼһӣԲһ
ܽ΢΢һЦѾʯͷ

ԴӶ̣ԳԷ¾ĵĲˡÿ쵽˷㣬ͻԼϹƸСãܽͶι
ҲʳܽʲôԵĺ㣬̫ܽСθȽϴԵĶ嵭ķˡ
ࡢسռ«ЩԵģƽܽûٸ
ǰһܽ˵⣬ںͶһĭرϲˣŶĭܳһ׷
ȣҵʳٶܵӰ죬ѵóô෹ܽٸһΡ
ܽ𴲵ñӣ˵ӱϸ·
Ʊ磬緹һڣһͳż๤ȥˡ
ܽϴϻʯͷһ緹ǣſͳ򶹸ȥˡ
ӴһɫѣͷľͶ࣬Ѿ
ܽԴм˸СౣС·һһεģжɰˡ
ܽᣬһҲӵˡӵü۸һģӿ̳ģǣӣ·һƳ֪ĸ
Ӱ棬ûСҪͣ
ܽҲżͣһ߿˺ģǣܶߡ
߱棬һ·໨˲ʱ䣬ӺܿģܽҲ
СţѾûܶĶ̯ӡ
̧ԶһܿܶԭܼǸСӴվš
ܴɩ򷿲֮СӾͱܶ˹ȥ
ͷ̯紵ɹͷ
ܶȻӣӻǲġҪĵطиλ÷ŶС
ΪϣܶҲʶӴСʡǮܶӵ뷨ֱӡ
Ϻ˨øҲڣܽǴк˵Ҫ鶹Ѵݸϸװ
ܶΧȹϲ˲ִóǣݸ˿ӡ
̺ܾûСˣСӻϲϵң
ܽʱȥܶҴţӶǰԼЦĸһӡ󣬵ǲס˭
һֿۣСûȥӡ
ܽӳʲôʵĳʳƢθƽӳİ˸Ķ
ȻС֮ͼסˡȻҲ֪ܶ˭ܽû֨Ͳá
ǲǵöˣûϵڻСԺܼסˣ԰ɣǿˣ㹷Ƕϲء
ͷܽ°ͣЦŵ԰ɣǶ̣ǿԳԡ
ܶЦĴ飬ְ˹ܶ˰Сվܽл
ǰһңлʱ˵ŮǴһƬ㡣Ҫӿɲ٣¿ɲУ
ܽЩ⣬ͦ˵ģ˵ýȻô˵¿϶ǿеġô㣬һץһ׼ŶôҲ֪һ㡣ԼúźţԺ㶼ǶýͽģܱȶڸںŲǿ
ܶͷ˵ȷʵô£ָ˵Լĵǣʵ¶æиСҪչˣֻһҪŵʱ򣬰һſôã
ܽ㶣۾ȵýϲ˰
ܶдϲã˵ͷ˵ǣϲˡհѳûãڻûء
ܽЦˣһϲ£û£ýȷʵͲá
ǰҾͷ¡Ҹý˵Ҳ⣬һ˵Ҳòʲôڼһ̥⻰ҲһôҪɵĻأƾӣ϶᲻Ůһ˸ɡ
⻰˵ĵǣҪιҪʱˮݣһܶݿ϶ʯһ˸ɡˣʯɿ϶Ҳġ
ܽοܶǻãҪûǴǽҲСˣڼ϶ܰĶýͶһĻУݡġ
˫ײڣΪӣԺܵǼȢ϶ٲ˻ǮýܶһЩǮԺѹҲС㡣
ܶף̾һͷ
ָܽһʱҲˣѶװøǻؼȥˡ
úܶݵϼþ͵˼Ҿ׾ơ
ûѶӴʯɵøߡ
ܽ壬ܶ˵˵һ飬ܳԵ
ܶЩһЩںذ֡
ܽ˵ǹңĶô׾ţĻͶܡܾ͸ˣͷøҿţҾżȥǵݸϣ󲿷ʱ䶼ڼ۲ŵġ
ǰʯ磬ֱӽкˡ
ܽЦݴʯܶԱ۾һգգº͵ý꼸ˣʲô֣
ҽʯ⣬ʮˡʯԹԵػش
Ϊʲôһֱң
ʯ΢죬ΪԼðˣеŵؽ͵ܽ㳤̫ÿˣ̲סһֱԲҲǹġ
ܽû뵽ͺһ䣬Ͱ˼ҺŪýų
æ˵Լû⣬ܶݰʯ˻οû£þͷμȽϽţһͺˡ
˵꣬תͷʯõˣõ
ǰҺÿҸ˻أôء
ʯŵ齥ˣģϸ˵˾ǲ˼
һɰС
ܽЦЦѼ±ʯͷתͷʯ˵ܽкҸ⣬ʯͷ絽ȥԣҪ˼͸Լһ
ܽЦĺᣬʯɩλǮѾˣĵصͷһʯͷͷߡ
ǰʯͷû٣˵ȥɡܽЦ
ôСԸ͹ԣϴʲôɡΪСû˵˭ģһע˼Ҳ˸鷳Ҽ޹֮ſһ㡣
Ǹúӡ
ɲڼҶ֪ʡ˶پ˵ˣٸǸ¡
ܽܶлʯͷʯȸһС⣬תͷʯ⡣
Ҹ⣬ȳĸʯͷͷ
ʯ̧ͷˮĴ۾ʣܽ𣿡
ɩ˵ܽԵرóԣر
ʯͷͷҸָģӦ㡭İɣ
Ҹġ룬ʯͷô
ʯⳤŶһּᶨЦģʯͷǾͲҪҸˣʯͷһͺ
ʯͷ
á


110 
ܶݻȥû, ûôǮҽһЩܽҲ
ܽܶ˵ܶΪǮ, Ժϼ̯, ܽ㲻Ҫȥֱӵȡͺˡ
ܽȻ, ܶæܶݲü, Լ, ʲôʱԣʲôʱٻС
ܶôȥ, Ĺܽӭһ׮ϲ£ĸô귿ӣܹǮˡ
ܼĸֵĸĻʵٵġ
Ӣÿ޲ҩճ, 򼸼ѣƽʲôǮ
⼸ĸҽԽտ, ϴѾڳø˿֢, ȻĸͷӢ˾ܸԷκãò֡
û׬Ǯܹ, ͼƻ˷ӡ
ķҲǱ, סҽķӡ
ⷿӺҽһϴĲҵ֮ǰһֱס, ġҡ
õһϴԺҲҪĸ̳еġ
û, ְĸ, ֮ЩĸģûбҪ
ĸ̬ȼᶨҪԼǮϴû˵ʲô
ϰĸ׼һϯ棬ܽ͹ƴӸĸϲ
ϵžը죬ܽվԶţĿͣڵϺɫֽмԺСʱͼ˹ԼЩǵı仯
п࣬ǰѺѵĸ΢΢һЦڷӢкϯ
пǰŮͱӢںԺϯ
ӱƱţܽϯʱҪչӣ͸һںԺ¡
ܴҲĸϲܼҵҲͶ˹
ʱǣ߽ԺýһףǻһСѣͷϰŷɫĲϴŷɫȹֿɰ
Χܽȱߺ˵Ӿһ߿
ʼܽĴȻ࣬ǵһˡԴܽϥϣغùá
ܽʱһڣʾ۵Сϻһ£ֱסĲӣԴһſļϡ
кŮǲһŮӽ۵ģôһĲˡ
ܽϴ˳ʺʹһ˰һûע⵽һߵѾ죬ЦźԼֶŮ˵
˰죬Ŵӹƻ˵ء
ȺһȦͻȻС˳ȥһŷӢ˻
ӢɻҲؿ֪Ҫʲô
ӰѷӢǣܽǰָܽŵʣģߣ
˳Ĭһ룬漴Ц
ӢЦòУܽʱ˵ء
Ӽʱˣܽſ󱧱ܽӱرסĲӣͷؿŵϵʡ
ʣ
Сӡ
ܽЦõذԴת˹һµһãȻʣûӰ죬ʹ絽һȥ˲ת¡
ָһӵͷĶһ£Ц
Ϊôһ£һӱ͵ĻԼҵܺӡ
ܽһûһţ극ͺ͹ƻȥˡ

̵ͨܽҲһ죬Ϊ»ֻǸ²⣬Ҳûѻ˵ֻ̫˵ôܡ
ܼôϢͦȵģȡжֻܴһңܶ硢ĸҶûʲôӦ
һΪûʲôǮϢҲ׼ΪǶԼĿǰ״ͦģٷѾȥ顣
ܴܴɩǮҲ࣬˾ǸûᣬҧǮڳһء
һػǴǮ˹һСȥǿԵ·ѣʣ˶ӡ
ǮҲû׻˺ôֶһء
ǰصʱûôһܴ֮ɩٿҷֵꡣ
ǵڶߣĿҲסһƬģ߹ȻҲУ٣ǼһΡܴɩھ߰ܽժ˱߸˵
Ҳ⣬ӳߵǶҪ죬ǰͷҪŶӣ߻ȥһ·Ҫʱ䲻٣㶼ˣ
סڳ˿ɲ٣߿ӣߵ˲ôԶȥ㣬϶ʱ׬٣
ܽժɾĲ˷һ첲ϣתͷܴɩͷͬɩ˵߿ҷֵ꣬ߵĿ˾סˡʱϱͷĿҽĵȥ㣬ߵĵ궼˿ˣ׬Ǯġ
ܼζһôȻҲģȥζȴԶˡ
ܼһֱܻӭӣȥܼԴҿ϶ȥ
гһܴɩôԪҵͶռסˣǮǿ϶׬ġ
ܽô˵ܴɩܸˣժˣϵࡣ
̧ͷ˵ҲǰڣȻڵһ겻׬ﻹǲ֪㣬ʲôܵǮȻ˵Ϣû׼ҲͨãͨҲûʲô˵ġ
ܴɩÿûͨ£Ҳûء
ʵ֮ǰٿһӵ뷨ֻΪҪ̫Ǯһֱԥν̰ͨˣҲˡ
СüȻҲÿУһȥæˡ¿ĵˣٰСõǷݺǰһ͹
ɩȻֵ꣬ؽӵǮҲӦһ롣һ˶ɩҸͷҽԪϲȥ
ܴɩ۾ϴ󣬸æ֣ż˵ɲҪСǮģСÿǧô˵
ܴɩоͨ죬˵ӡЩնСģҪոңһʲôӣٿһҵ꣬õҲСõգҷӦõģСÿ˵ǮĻˡ
Ȼô˵һ꿪ҪǮĵطأôܹǮһǮҲأ
СòǳЩտɱʲôֵǮҴɩ˵ֱ׵ĻءӣµҺǮӲź˵ǵġСҪǳǮ˭ģܲһһɣ
ܽĬˣܴɩ˵ҲҪǮӹ治÷֡
ôˣСþͱ˵ˡ׬ǮռͷÿõǮɣģûǮĵҽǸ˵˵£գȨ֪
ܽ˰죬ܴɩ˵ðɣҲʹɩ˵ˡ
ܴɩˬЦŶ
ܽЦЦµ꿪ʲô鷳ǺĹԭĵ͹æˣɩʹ羫ޣͬʱӪµɩô죿
ܴɩȫȻٿ˼һ϶Ҳ뵽
Ȼܴɩϱû䣬Цź˵ԼĴ㣬Ҵ͸£̡
ܽ΢üͷձȽϴһ£˵ȷԷǸʵʵڵģû⣬һǵĻ״ʹˡ
Щܴɩˣܽ͵Ĺ¾Լҵܵܡ
޴СҾ׽Ȼһ㣬ǺܿסġȢޣҲǸʵˣñҴҲģҪŵù
ܴɩʱæң޴СǱģãԸҲһģһ
ܽɩǨޡסľٶܴɩ˵ͷ
ȷʵܿס
٣֮ǰΪ˸ȢϱҲûʲôˡҵִػҲʲôϸأҲһѡ
л˵


111 
ܹܽ, ˵ͷ
ҲҸȻ㣬עһǻע⡣ҿҺڣ϶ķй¶˳ȥʱһǩ, Լһ֡
, ܽûʲôˡ
뵽޺ʹɩãܴɩֵ, ܽ˵ɩȻ͵ܵΪ, һ¸ĹǮҲ١ɩȥһ, ÿµĹǮһɺҲĻ, ֱӰѷֵһɺǮһ׬ԽõԽܸ࣬ĵľӪˡ
ܴɩǴ޲͵ĹǮһɺǱ޵ĹǮȥ١
ܽ˵Ļȷʵһɺһ, պ϶ӻŬľӪӡ
ôȱǶ͵ǮܴɩȻܵ, һʱﻹе᲻, ĻûӦ
ܽϴԥЦ˵Ҳҵһ飬Ǵɩ, ɩȫÿ϶ȫ档ɩҪǾô, ȫԺҸղŵĻ
ܰСҲҺӷչǣҶסҲǱŤ, ˵һѰ, 浽Ǯʱһԥ
ܴɩҲû, ֱӴ󷽷˵ԼĵС˼жԼ˿īӶвмܴɩ̾˿ȥ롣
һȥһ£˳Ҳ
ܽͷܴɩ˵С顭

ܴɩȥܴһͨһȥ˺ϵ
Ͼ÷һɺûʲô⣬ܴɩҪĿͷڶͳȥǵǮϡ
һɺܵܣܾĴ̵ͬʱǲǻãܵܺǸòһظ׽Ҫӹúˣ˵ҲṆ̀
Ů˼ҪԼҪǿҪҿ͸ˡ˵䲻ģԺҪʲôίܵҪ֪£Ҳͷǣ
Ϊܴɩ룬ЩվĽǶȿǵġ
ʵͽܴ⻰е㲻ţϵŵĺίС˵ĸҰ
⻹
۷Ҳûܴɩ˵ÿԣǷֵһֲһһҲûǮ͸ˡ֪ʲôﲻֲöϱҵˣж˻رһҲġҪǾģҲôȢ㡣
һܴɩ˵ᶼҪˣ֮ǰԥȷҲͷ
ǰ˰˱ӵĸⱲӲ̯ôһš
ܴɩӲ۾Ϻͷһ磬ƽһ֪һͷ͵ȥ˵
ϵ˵ͷ֡
ܴĬؿǰܵϱŵӵһȥˡ

¶ˣܴɩܴ翪ʼ뿪ֵꡣ
޵֪ҪָԼӵһ𾪵˶ɵˡͳϴ󣬿ܴɩþòܻ
ãôҲҪ˵ܴɩһĸͬæӻҪǮѾˣզһأ
Ӧܴɩοˣ뵽Լ֮ǰԥҲе
ûٸƾܵĻᣬڱϰӡȵڵĵѧ㡢Ϥƣŷֵ꽨ȥǱæ
æЩ£ʱâ֣ӭʱڡ
С͹ԺѧȥӸԶ˲١ԺͳһŵѣɫۡԲ䣬Ϊ꣬˻Ե
ֱͦ˼Ⱥһվڶ˵İշָ
ӵı仯е󣬵ѧý˵ܴɩϾһʱûӦվڽֽǿûȥ
С͹ļ۾ĴȺԼ
ǵԺֱķӽ̵һأƽΪӲ޴Цڼ
ôûؼˣǶˣٿܴɩԺЦˣǰ˰֣˹ȥ
ôվŰӶӵ𣿡
йԹϤǸƤСֻˣ΢΢һЦĸ첲˵仯̫ﶼˡ
֣۾ϣ𾪵˵ԼĶӶʶˣҪҪȥҽݿ
ϣ
ûһ¾ִ򣿡
Цϰһۣסĸ첲Ҵı仯˵
ܴɩջߣСȹһ㣬ЦŶܴɩ˵Ҹ˵˲ӣƫҪһˡˣ۲ۣ
ۣҲյѧá
ܴɩСЦипҲиˣ˵˺ЩˣԺԵĲɣ
СͷԺķʳܺãȻԵöܾ࣬ζûǼĺóԣ
һķ̺ģǼҵζĲ˿ɱȲϣ
СЦ˵ţܴɩıʣڼҸˣȥԷɣ
ã
Сܴɩ˼ңȴʱĺϺϵС˼ˡΧʵģֱԺ˸ɾͣ¡
翴ܸˣССĻôŻ
Сͷ˵˺һĻȥڵɻ޺ϷкܴӷֵǱ߻ˣſʼ
ϣϰѼ귢С˵һ¡
С˵ܽҲ飬ڶһʹԼزȥ˹˼Ҿ
ܽȻǺܸˣС˵õĻԵĳʳ극ȥ
СλҪȥԵģҲûжٿʱ䣬ֻȥܽæԺԱдЩ顣
ڼץʱϰҵ׼ԣܴɩܴͣ˿ֵר
ԺԿſɱ֮ǰԡѶȴˣСԺѧѧ˲ٶҲûаܿ
С룬СĺͨԺԡ
ʱţȻʲô٣ҲƽյĽײ㡣ⶡٲŴ˵ĸĸҲ˱˸߿һۡ
ԣһҪŬͨԺԣ
Ҫߵ·ţһܿһأ
С͵ҹȼţܴɩܴڷܿ۵ͬʱҲܽ
ͨĲͨˣȻһôҪ־ĺӡĿ಻˭ܳԵģٸ˼ҵĺӶֲǵСȴԡ
ĺӣĺԺ
ΪСúö飬ܴܴɩƽ˴С
ʱС棬ûķͱͻȻֵܴɩˡ
Сķ˼ĽأԼֻܴ߳ɩżȥͳʳ
¹ȥԺԼʼ
ܴɩСʰң˭СһȥϿ顣


112 
ܴɩԭǴܴ綼Сȥ, Ǵҹ˯ͿʼͣؿԣͷҲ̵úܡ
кڼչ˴磬ǷСȥϿҲ, Ǵ, Լﲻܴɩߡ
ܴɩҲܴչ˲С, ڼһʱ, ֪ôźá
˵ܴһСϿ, ܴܴɩܾˡ
һ·۳Ͷٲ, ˻չСͽʹˣɲȥ
ܽ˵Ϣ˵ùСǸϿƾȥʳԸ˽ö಻˵ʶҲ١
ܴɩĶ˵, СԼܾܽĺ⡣
øҪӪҪæŽ, ·, Сȥμӿԡ
Сתͷܴܴɩ˵СôˣͿԼչԼ, ﲻΪҵġԺһͬͬкܶ඼ԼǸϿ, ǿȻҲСǸĥĺûᣬԼȥɡ
Ȼô˵, ܴɩǲͬ⡣
һ·Զ, μӿǼ, Լȥԣһ;ɶµôǺã
С˵ҲеСüҵҲţǼӶڸϽȣһҪæƣǲӦ鷳ǡ
ܴɩƬ̣İС˵еͲ鷳÷ˣСȥСҹҲСһȥԣ˨õӦҲʲô¡
ܴһֱԼͦϸĵģ֪Ϊɶ˶ף˿˵ԣСȥˡչ͹˨ӣ϶ʲô¶еģ÷Ͳøȥˡ
ܴɩбܴһۣܴɰͰ͵Ŀһƿ߲
˵ĻСȥҲ󣬶ڣҿջҲס
ܴܴɩǲ鷳ֻ÷
̵һ죬ܽ͹ƹˡ
ڳԺԿʱ䣬ʱܴɩصСӦ״̬õġ
ȥǹƸġ
ܴɩС֣һúÿҪţһ߲ͣĸܴ罻
ջҪѡõסǧҪͼʡǮȥסһ¥ʪСݣʱСӾͲˡлУѡջ۾һˣǧסȥ˺ڵꡣԶҲҪע⣬Щ̫̫ıС򣬿Եʱӿɾ군ˡȥǰһҪû룬˶
֪֪ˣͷİɡ
ܴɩ߶ܴͷˣС͹ã˵ģ˨һչ˺ãǻˡ
һ˦ǰƶʻǵߡ
ܴɩǲģģһͺӵϼ״ο䡣
һԭͣһȫûӰǲŸԻ˼ҡ
һҪȥ£Ъ쿼ԣҪŰ
ȴʱҲͦ˵ģϳԵĿţǵļҲûõĶȥ
ܴɩڼһѰ˼£ƽԷûθڡ
޿Ц˵Сȥԣõĳ
ܴɩȷô£̾˿æϵɢԼע
ƾ޺ڵգܴɩŷֵ꿪ҲҪȥ֧Ӧһ󡣵ʱߵӶ϶Բǵ˻ڼҸɻ
ܴɩûʲôǮһ˾͵üӣŸܽ졣
ܽʹؽʮӸܴɩ˵ӦˣӦһֱԼ
ܴɩ˵ǣ˵һ·ֵĽȣ뿪Ѿͷ
ӿ϶ҪѧģЩʳϵĻûŮúãܴɩһʼʹѾͷ
Ѿͷ궼ʮˣһСһкơǿʵأܴɩ˼ҾͿʼԼһɡ
ܴɩںϺͷѧ㡢ź˰˵ȥÿѧ֮⣬ѺĻҲ˹ȥ
ƽ˲赹ˮϴչ˴磬ʲô¶һѺ֣ܴɩʱ˲١
˵˵ܴǱߡ
ܴ˨һ˵˸ǣ͸˴סһʵݵĿջ
ΪμԺԵ˺ܶ࣬ջסҲǸϿǾۼһ½ĿܻῼʲôС͹Ҳǵۡ
С͹ûţһֱȺһ
ʱܴȥ·ߣ˨ӴС͹ȥһˡ
ĸ˼ס·ôߣ͸Ի˯¡
ҪμԺԣС͹ȻҲţҹҲ˯ˡ
ܴ˨˰ޣҹڴҲշת˯
ڶ˶ȦȥиԵĺ𴲣С͹һΪǱ˴أ
ûܴͣ˨ץʱ¥ԷҪĶһ飬ȷû©ߡ
һ·ͺȥԵкܶ࣬ԼĺӣһҪú˼±ʣָˣһҪ￼Ż
ܴ˨ӶһۣĬû˵ֻѹ
ߵ˿ܴ˨ӱפڴ˵Ĺٲס
С͹תͷǣܴ˰֣С˵ץʱȥԺóԵĺ⡣
Сͷ˨Ӻ͹˵䣬߽Ⱥ
ſڴٶĿͷζӽȥûӰ
ܴ˨ûߣվⳡ
˨һԱܴĸ첲°ͣʾȺǼͷ׵̡
˵ôӦöүү˰ɣֹţͷ
ÿ˵־򶼲һ˼Ⱳӵ־ŵأ
˨ӵͷܴ˵ԺôѣҪûãҲһܱ¶ʧ˼ȻӸøѹˡ
ܴԼ֪ǰܴɩĽü飬벻עⶼѡ
Ӧ˨ӵĻܴ翴ĴŴ򿪣һŽͷ
Աߵ𾴵غѧ΢΢Ӧһ£ʼַֽŶӽ뿼
С͹˽ȥģǰĿԽԽ٣һҲȥˣűһϡ
ſڶûˣܴ˨ӻ˿ջȵʱ̫߹ң˻صſӭӸոտС͹
ԺԷΪԺ͸ȴգ컹Ҫһԡ
С͹ʱɫЩƣмֲ԰ס
˨ûס俼ôҡͷ˨ӵһ˰ء
̾˿ܴЦǺǵ˵û£ѻ⳶һҪԵĺϣȥ˷ֻ˿ջǻصЪϢ
˨ӶԹǺܴģõķӦӺϲɵԵЩʧ䡣
ܴļοĻָһ顣
ο˨ӣ˿֪һǽ֮С͹͵Ц
ȥμӸԣ˨ǿЦͽ˿
춼ûã͸ûʲôϣˡ
ôţ˨ڿջһ硣
С͹μһԻ˨ӿŹֶԼҡҡͷ̾һĹļ˵û¡


113 
ΪŰ, ܴ˨Ӽƻڸúù䡣
С͹ΪȥԺ飬ԻԶţʶĵطҲܴ˨Ҫࡣ
˵Ǵڸ䣬˵úһƸǡ
ʱܴɩŸǶ, ͸ܴ˨Ӵ˲ӹǻѡǰѸǺúùһͨ, ˲ٶؼ
Ŀ֣Űܴ˨ӵ̬ƽûָŶܿ, ʹ֪ԺԸеİѾ˳, Ҳûȥ
Ƶ, ְѴĶʰ÷Ž
ĥ˰, 쵽˲ŴС͹Ǳߡ
ܴû뵽ʱˣǰ滹ôˡ
ǰѰΧˮйͨˣܴںͷ˨ӺӰ˰֣һɣﶼˣȥ
۰, ӣ˨ûܴ˵Ļ
һ·С˹, ղ˵ɶ
ܴ磺
û, ҸղɶҲû˵
˨ӵ˵ͷƳһǰӵȺü˵զôˣ˶, ڿ˵ɶأ
ŵĿɡܴ˵, ȥһŵɢ
Ѿһ磬˿ԺԵİ񵥾ǰ, Ҳ̲סȥûԼ֡
˨ס, ûżʲô, ϶Թ˵ͷôأһһٵȥ
ȥһۣţһҿҸ㡣
˼һһԵسǰӵȺ
˨̧һ˵˾Сӣεĸͷ˽ȥ
Сܴţܴתͷ˵ǲżСصͷ
ǰȺԱ߰˵ǵĶ
ϣԺԵİ׹Ȼ½ӵĶӰſ˵ڶΰɣΪ
ǿɲ½ԼǰףĶĶܱ
ʼ˵Ǹӵ˵ͷղŰϵĵڶϴŵɻ󣺡Ǹڶʲôţ
ܰ֡
ԣ֡еİǸģ
һҲû˵֣˵Ӧͷؿ˰ɣ
˸ӦȻ˴ץס
ĪתͷȥָղµǸӲ֪ʲôʱվЩ㡭˵ڶʲô֣
仰ʵһͷˮģְܰզˣ
ٴԼҶӵ֣ܴ˿̵ķӦͫ׵ҲΪ
СȻоĲû뵽ȻôãҲ𾪡
үԭش룬һ̱㼱ӵȺ
һ̣ǰͷҲ˨ӼغȺܴĶ˵С˵ڶ
ܴµĶֿһЩ˵ŶԲס֪˶˵Ľţڼǰͷ
İǽϣһŵ岻СµȫԿһ
ܴ۾һɨֻһ½ˣͿܰ֡
ܣ֣
ܴϤĲϤСְ
ܴŲţ͵һĴȣθߣͷضСˣˣǵڶأ
СҲԼ֣ŵ۾ȷû˸˵Ĳˡ
ܴ˵Ǿ仰Ͳ֪˵ʲôãСļ۾΢죬ԴɳƵ˵Сˣˣ
С۾Ҳˣܴصĵصͷ
ԱΧ۵СԺԵĵڶͰͶ˹
һƣǴΪ𾪡
찡ԺԵĵڶ⿴ŻǸɣ
Թԣôţ˲ð
˾С䣬СС;ܿţԺ϶ǰ;
˽Ե˼Ƿ׷ǰܴϲ
ϲϲλֵǽз
СС;ݲѧĳʵ
ǰɿžüĿ㡢һ˲ţԺָտɴ
λ̫ˡ

ܴ类ûһƬУű˵ķпޣԼⱲӴûôʹ
˨ӴһͷϴЦܴ˵Ҳ˰ȻߣҲš
ܴϢЦĸˡ
Χ۵һ˵£ֻͷȥ䣬ͬɬ۵Сϵıһ
˨֪С͹һյֵܣ˵ıǳӡ
ĽѾ֪˵ʲôˣֻͣĵϲ
˨Ӻܴͣһ˿ջͣϣеҪ߼Ϣ
ǶԶ˶оη֮ģǿȡ˹Ķˡ
ݳĳ˵ԼӶˣǵϲ֮󣬰ѳǮһ롣
ܴ粻ǺЦŶ˵ҼҲиĶӣҲҪμԺˡҸһĳǮҲҪմմɵϲͲҪܾˡ
ܴգС˵һЩԼѧϰļɣ͵˷ԪأҲ˵ˡ
˨Ӻܴ·ڷֿ˴æĸԸϻ˼ҡ
С͹£ܼҶΪ𶯡
ܴɩͺϲܽŸʱϲ޸ͣ
ܶ硢硢ĸѶȫϹˣɩһͬţҲ˹
ܼվһȺˣ϶ŷĵЦݣ˵Ĳˡ
ϵλϣֲڵĴĨȥ۽Ϊ̫˶ڳˮЦݺͰȺ͵˵ܼ汲ҲûһţСΪˣھҲĿˣ
ϲ˵ЩʲôۼһôຢӣԺүүĻỹأóꡣ˵
ǣ˵Щ
Ҳ˵ϵһ䣬ֲ̧ᣬͦϴżֵ˵ӽҾŵĸˣ治֪жҪĽҡҿɵúúûţܶԵ棡
ôͶˣһ˵飬Цԣǿɲܿޡܽ͹ϣ״ЦŶԺ˵
˵ǣߵȱߣӱһڣ۾Цгһ졣
̧ͷۼҳһŹǼҫ鹵Ĵ¡ҪһϯѡȫԵúõһ
˷׷׵ͷͬ⣬һһϯľˡ

ԪؽһţС͹⣬һĶӡ
￼һŶѵãһӿϢѸײڶ֮ﴫ
ܼûСڶ飬Ԫؼ˶¡
ĶӻãСרŸţﻹôõ˴Ҳر⡣
ĻС͹˲֪˭һ˵ܼͻȻˡ
ܼ̫ˣ
úáóԣô
⸣Ľ
ôţ⼸ܴɩܶȥ˾Ͷ
ʼ컹Уףصʵ̫ˣܴɩܶкԾ͹ӣϯٿ⡣
ӶܼҵţǸܼҳ
Ϻܶһͨҹͬһϯһһ˲˵һҲ֡
л˵


114 
ϯ°, ҵݺȫˣЯҴڣܼټԺӶûվ¡
Ӵſһֱڵ˴⣬ж֡
㡢ռѼͱϺ
һһ̵Ļ˱, ζִ, ˸ûջཻȫͷԡ
ΪǵС͹ϵܶ, Բ, ףص岮һһ
ǳô, Щݽ컹ͷһο
в˶ǸһյˡȻ, סĶУҲ
ǰүһ֧ͨͨģҲûʲôˣ˸ϵܶҲСһѾǺܾûˡ
⼸ܼӹԽԽã˸ǽ
С͹˿, ʹүһ֧øҫۡλˮǴߣҲ׽, һ˵Ұϯ, ȫ˹
ЩݲֹС͹ͷһμܽҲͷһθǼ档
ܼ⼸귢ҶΪĹͣǸд͵, ҪǺ˹ϵ, Ժǳʲô׬ǮӻԶ
׽, صüŮҲ˹
һȺܽḾ˰Χס, һ, һӡ
һһĶܽ˵źûܽ챻ǴȥڴЩΣòӦĸǽ
Ƹͷţûܽǣӽݿһۡ
ȥʱȺڿܽĺأƿţþһԶɩ˵Ļ
ӳúþˣôҲάֵϸΣһŮ˿˶ѳֲס÷컹߶·
ƣ
ܽƳſڵĹƣЩ̲ס͵͵Ц
ˣܽ˸ͷߵߺһӡ
ղǸ˵ĻùеԾû뵽Ⱥ˱濴ֺ˽ĵĻȻô
ӣܽǸղһֱ˵Щ
ûУ˵ôһѡ
ͷϻе㲻š
ܽɨһۣЦһʣզˣ˼˵Ĳ
Ϊ˵Ǳ˿ĺõ飬˵öԡ
ܽͣ˫ֻأԴһ㻳ɵ˵㻹˵˼˵ĻеÿôȻ߶·㻹ǲ̫С
һ˵㲻衣
ܽƣȻ⻰һ˵ڣԲ۾
˵ʲô
ܽǵЦˣ˲Сظһ飺˵㲻Уô
ƱЦˣܽĿһˣҧս˵аϿɱġ
ܽϵЦһˡ
Ĭ˼룬챧ŹƵĸ첲ʼϴ
첲һţ¹˵ϣηǵûԭһ﷢Ҫ㡰ɫ

µľϯܽͱʰһ١
ӱýȥ˷ϵ˯һһҲûӴϵٵϣٰ㻨ɤӶˡ
ܽڰ
զôأ
˵ʲôãǵ˵ֻʲô
ºˣԼˣ
ܽʹĲ˵Ҳˡ
ϺܶϯѾȥ˰£Ҳûͣ˻ʱʱŰݷá
С͹СС;ŵĹδĳɾͿ֪
ŵ˶Ǳܼҽ׵˼ģݻѣžͻᵽԼһŮֶŮС͹¡
ǵ˼ϵܶȻףÿԷѻ£ǾͺǺЦ˵ӻ̫СףҲǡ
ȻЦǺǵĿźܺ˵ڽ׵̬ȷǳڲӶס
С͹δ·أԺҪõ飬ڶףһӰ쵽Ƕ顢Ƿô죿
ֻţԺҪǿ˾ˣ˵ϵõĹ
ڻСʲô鰮֪ԺǿϣǺϲĹײǸã
²Ժ˵
ϵܶͳһھ˭Ҳɿڡ
ôţö֮ŵҲˡ
Ϊ˸ţܼĵλ֪һӾˡ
ֹܴܴɩֵܽܶҲܵӰ졣
֪ŵݣİնǶˣƽ˵ͿģܽܶҲû˳Ļ
ܵЩ仯ܶɩʼܶ顣
ܶĻŬ飬ÿڼҡһεʶȻʲôûס
ԴܶɩΣֻܽʾ֭취ܶ顣
ܽΣÿζܶץ
ӾôȥʮС͹ȥ˸ѧ顣
ѾԱĳƺţȡ˽븮ѧѧϰʸ
ѧѧƼķҲǲŸ߰˶ڵĴ壬ѧ࣬Ȼûᡣ
С͹𽥳ҵҲԽԽࡣ
ǶߵķݣǺͼ˵ľԽԽԶ
һжõķչܴܴɩʹǳᣬҲֻܷСȥ
Сעڼˣܴɩѣһ߷һڴĨᡣ
ܴ簲ο˵ѧÿ궼ż٣ʱСܻؼˣڵᣬСҲܡ
ܴɩףѡ
ϾҪˣСߵܽ͹һһ촩¡
СѾܴɩͺ˵õĻ˵ϵȻæСú͹øҲҪע塣ʮĶص˰Һ͵ѾˣСÿ԰ѶʮĶؼҵ£һٽٸ˰ˡ
Сô˵ܽһů
С˼ǹĺܸж
Цһ£ܽͷӦС˵Ļ
üմϹ⣬СǸˡ
ﱧܽĽ˺ǱС˵˾ˣתȥ
ȥܴɩѹһӣֵ꽨һѵҪæѹͱ嵭һЩ
ֵ꿪źⲻķǳãкϿܴ꣬ɩȥֵһӡ
޺ѧôҲ˲㣬Ȼʼ쿴еæҵģǺĶҲϤܴɩҲĺܺá
ܴɩ꣬ÿ컹ǻȥֵ꿴޺æüСÿæ
һ׬ǮһܴɩͻǷܽӣ⻹ʮӵķֺ졣
ծһᣬܴɩϲǷ˵Ǯڻܽӣ̤ʵˡ
úãӻš
ܴɩԼӴûô̹ﳨҲʼԼ
Լ˼ѣѧű˼·١֬ˮҲ˲٣ÿ춼ԼƯ
ܴ⼸Ϊֻһ뷨Ǿ֪ô˭ˣ
˸Уܴܽɩһȥһ֬ӡ
ѡ˰Ŀֱ֬ǳһɫţĻؼˡ
л˵
ҹڿ߹


115 
Щ, ܽ͹ǼѾһ롣
ǰЩŸл͸¶εǾˣܽ͹ţ̵ͨеˡ
붬ԽԽ, Ƶضʼ϶, ͣӵ޽꿪ٸǡ
Ҳֻʣӻû, ǲż
ûʲô, ʯͷ, ܽ͹ư׼õվƸľԶ˴, һ֮͹ŹԼСӡ
ʮһ£ӭԼ
Сӳÿ죬һȥкܴ仯
̼ǵȥһʱӲŸոտʼѧվ·꣬ѾԺˡ
˵Ҳȥ˺ֻܶ࣬Ҫ̫̫ѵ, Ӧúܿ졣
ȻǸСӣִֻ, ôѧ˿ɫ¡
ʱΪȥһЩΣյĶ, ͱʯͷھߴˮ˾ѧܵˮԱȥ
ܽͷϿһˮ, æܹȥ
ӿһŭСһ, æջԼСǰ£ʾԼ, СԶˮ
ܵ˵, ӻǺܽʡĵġ
ƽʱҲ, ڼûʲô£˶ܳ
ϳ棬ʯͷԪϲǲ֪ĶѰһֻѩ׵Сӣ͸
СӶϲЩСӿֻС˷ܼˡ£СӹԹԵûܣ͸˵عЦ
ûйضӣΪ˹ֻӣԪϲصֱһ
ǰӹؽӽݰܽ͹ȥ
ȻСһѩףë׵ķǳɰܽĵһۣԴﻹôóԡ
ŶӴܽһԼ뷨ùȡܲӵСְιӡ
ӿĵҡͷԵģƺܽһ߿Ц
֪ӵʱܴɩܶɩ㡣
ǰһĶɳڰӣ״СϻҲСӣƤɳڸ壬СӺϲ
ٰܽˣܴɩܶɩ³Էܴɩܶɩ˵ﻹ¾Ͳˣ˵˼ͻȥæȥˡ
ߣܽͷӳȥˡ
ǰʳҲ˸Сè
ȻҲˣϲԵĻ⡣һ⣬ܳһ뷹ûĻֻܳ԰롣
ܽʲôȻĸ˵Ҫ⡫
ܽѰ˼һ£СӶϲ裬ըܲ裬һǴŹǺͺԡ
ⶼˣ˿ĲҲûʣ١
ܽĬһҪĶͷڼϹãѲ˺ȫȥǺΡ
·ܽ˷ӢǣӻǰͷŶӵͣȺ֡
ܽͷ˹ȥӢȽһӣתͷЦŸܽ˵
ܽôô⣬ܽ˵ӵԼҪԵģӢ˵ͷ
вٺӸȾ纮ܽӢƽʱҪӼЩ·ԼͼҲҪȽˮ
ܽ˵ԼעģҽЩӵĽ
һһţһ߰ʵùãڼ𣿡
ܽתͷЦڼҪȥ𣿡
ʼصͷתͷȡͬ⡣
ӢĿĵԴ˵ͺ͹ùȥɣȥ㡣˹ùüҿɲҪܺú棬֪ûУ
۾Цģ˵֪ˣɿӢܵܽߡ
ܽΧΧ߷Ӣϲüʣǳٻȥ
Ӣ΢ЦŴӦˣְԼһǴóܽûȥ죬תŶȥˡ
ܽǣʻص˼һ·˷ܣıģЦرġ
ڼԪϲһɨԺӣϴźɫ¡źɫñӺףһѳСɨ㣬ƨڵϺҵɨš
·˰ӣһɹ̫һ߿˱
ܽſڽ̧ͷЦһ£˱һߣ˹
ܽѲøԪϲŽ˵˰·ɩ飬Ƶͷͷ˵
ܽղһӾͿˣ뿪ĵܹȥﻹǣ˸ӣԭվû
ܽע⵽ǿţ캰ӽŲߵߣܽ±ЦŶ˵ӵĶʣ֮ǰöεġ
ӵıǸµһȽܶʹ磬Ÿ浽һȥ
סسﲻ࣬һյֵܽãҲû˿档
ʿرˣܵǰӱܣ
⻰ӱܽĲӣû
ʵЦݶ˶٣ʧϣСЩί
ܽӵƨɣѵôûò
Ҳίˣ۾
ܽһЩصģӲѹ
Ļӱӵһ߳ʣ˶С죬պһ㡣
һӾͿˣóԼһ·СݣڵҪһ档
ӿȻû˵ȴСȥȡԼݡԪϲǰݳ鶯Ӻܿ浽һ
ܽԪϲһ߿ǣԼȥ
Ƹջ𣬿׾ָˮϴˣ˼˼룬˵ЩһֱҲû첹Ѿ߻ô˵ųԷЩ̫ˡȥһˣѾͷԺЩ͸
̧ܽۿһ£ƷæŰûһ
˵ѾͷС£ȥҪѾͷȥһͳЩʳպáչСӵӻʹ˲ʺڲͣҲЩ顣
⻰˵еͻȻֱ֣ĵôˣ
ܽ˦˦ϵˮԱϴɾĨӲɣ¶ӣǶԹ΢Ц¡
Һϲˡ
仰ƽؾףըĹƾþöز
ؿܽһЦôɵ
ڻ۾Ųţ͵شСվܵߣ־ϲס֣ģ
ҲȷӺһ׼¿˰»ûһ£ϲˡ
ԴǴзĴȽƵ
˵һ ʱĽѵܽԼ¾ͺģһע⵽ˡ
ȻڻȷܹҲ˵Ĳˡ
Цֵ˶ܽһɵ֡
ܽһۣˣڲһ°Ҳǿſˣٸҵҽȥȱһûϲ˼Ҹÿջϲһˡ
ƵͷӦ£۵ᣬСĶӣ˻Ϣ
ܽžһϣûЦ˵ЪʲôЪһҪóԵءﲻջȥɣ
üͷæ
ܽƳ˲ˡ


116 
Ӻһݻι, ˣѾϤ֮ǰġĶԹһɶС, һӾͽꡣ
ܽһӵĲ, ԺƮ㣬ԼӴ, һҲñ˰æ
ٷ˹, ˶Եķǳġ
ŽϲϢ, ôҲԲȥڷųԱ˵ڽҡһε, о඼һ£һѰԼԱãܽ
һ¶ڹԱ˰ΣԼ˵Ҫܽȥ
Ʊһ䣬šüͷض˵˾ң
ܵΣͣһ, ˱С죬ίͰ͵ʵ, ûҪܽȥ
, ĸͷӢʻؼҡ
ʽķǳģϴŲᣬͦųԵԲСӸӻ˵ˡ
ѧ˻, ˵ţһ, תĸͷӢ˼ҡ
ԪϲľϴʰӣưܽϢ
ܽ˵ӽһûϴ, ˵ȥ, ѱӸ̺ܽ, ϴͷ£ųȥȥϴ衣
Ƭ̺Ӵһɾİɫ´ܽ
ܽʹôһ㾪һ£ƿԼů͵ı£ӿٵԼһţı˯
ܽûö˯ˡ
ϴӱСϣϨһߵ͵ƣϴܽ
ڰʼţһҲѹȥ
һԼ緹㼱Ҵҵسš
ϿôżһɻܽƸʲôȥˣܽ˵˵顣
귽һ£üͷ˵ǮʲôЩС
ܽϸĸͣ˵ڲȱǮҲӰ첻ʲô˴뱲ӣҲϸ帣ǰҺ͹Ůûǵһ㣬ʶѵǲһ£
˼ҵϷ˳ʹū澣ǼȻ㲻̫󣬵ҲѰ˼ҡЪţ˻ɻźģԺרĴӣ·Ըȥͺˡ
⻰ķϻﶼֵ̹ĿܽһۣЦ˵һׯ˼ҳƽգĸҸ˼ҵϷȥȣ˰ˣСڶģﶼǵģ˾˰ɡ
ܽ΢΢һЦ¾ôȥˡ
һû湻ϳ緹ûãʾʹţ˾档
ǰͷӣܽһһ˷˼ǣȥոˣûڣڵĽӳԡ
ǰͷвƣʯͷվǰͷдǮһ߸˴ƵԪϲеˣվƶ˵϶ûע⡣
վƶˣСʲôأ
ƵǺõĶӲվǰͷ򵽵վƾôڵ˷ѵ۵ĲˣʹЩ
Ԫϲ͵һע⵽ԼѾƶ˵ϵľȵĲУŲǣ˵Լ͸ơ
ǿؿɵôôƶ򲻺ãװڵϣ׬ǮҲ֪ϰôѡ㡭
ǺһţԪϲͷͽ˵
ʯͷע⵽üԪϲľףѾ̳ƷãЦǺǵضǺ˵λ岮վƵݸ
ǺӱˣʯͷľͺԪϲ͵͵ߵһߡ
Ԫϲ磬զˣզĲɵģ
Ԫϲͷ̾˿ʯͷ˵ϻ˵иſڷ˸ҴˡǰѰһӺһֽֽ˵ЩҵģҸԼԺɼҵúùӡ
ʯͷЩ⣬ʣҲ
Ԫϲͷ˵һ˴˷ԪأһߣԷһȥ˼ӡǼҹغܶ࣬ƽʱţȻͬһ⼸Ҳż档
˵⣬ԪϲЩȻ˵ҲТ˳
ʯͷָܣĸ첲οôԪϲ粻Т˳أӳֽȥô˵
Ԫϲ䣬̧ͷǵǵ˵ö˶˵ôôӣһҲûж٣ЩҲ֪Ǵġټ˵ӵĻһֲԤС
ʯͷԪϲΪʲôĲˣ룬˵Ԫϲȥһ°ɣҿţ뿪һҲʲô
Ԫϲ۾ٿȻһظʯͷл˵Լȥȥͻأʯͷ˵ͷ˳ȥ
ʱƻص˼һˣ˰Ҳûʵӡ
˵еӲʹӣǹƾն̫ãķ˶㡣
Ժ˶ҪȥķʳղãҲԲɿڵķˡ
ܽ˵Ժ˺ʵҲһ
Ȼż˻ԭֻٻǰͷʯͷ˵Ԫϲ飬Щ졣
Ԫϲ˶ˣ
ʱ
ôûû
˼һ£ͷܽһʯͷȥԪϲ
һȥǴ죬˽ƵԸܽҲûʲô顣
ûܽľͷС̯˼⽣⽸ͷǼһһܳԱÿ˳СҲͱˡ
⽸ƺʯͷڹܽľŵ㶯ӽ˯һҪʲô˾͵ͷȥ
ľӦһǣСܲͷ˯
̫ɽʱƻˣʱܽȥˣһһͷˮ
ӳĴüĿԼĪʮȻŴֲ£ʰ޵ȴܸɾ
ˡ
ǣܽˡ
һ߸˵Ԫϲ֣裬Ѿ˼ˣԺºͷʳ֣ͺá
ܽ˹һۣЦЦͷԪϲܽ˵龭
Ԫϲſǻһ½緢飬۾ͨ졣
˵ˣԭںҵӣиСУС檵ķʳﶯֽССΪ뺦˾ûӦŭ˵
˵⣬Ԫϲһ£˵Ҫ﷢ȥϣֿຮ֮أȥ˿϶ûл·֪Լס͵͵Щܵ强߻׬Ǯ͵ҡ
ȥʱÿ˴ߣȥûáҪǹƸ缰ʱϵӴҪȥˡ
Ԫϲۺˮһڵϣһ½һµڵصĸͷ
л˺ү˺үĴԪϲû±Ԫϲţ
Ԫϲ˵ԴϿģĵأû¾ͼѪ֣Ҳ۷⣬Ԫϲһܽ͹ƿͷ
ܽæ˵ʲôʯͷľסĸϴһĨ֡
Ԫϲźô꣬Ӧ֪ҺүͼرˡȻǮ֣裬Ҳ԰׷ġԺĴСС¶֣ȥǲøǵл
ˣүҪԪϲҲ໨ôǮȥһˡ
֣һػӵͷӼǫϵ˵үͷô˵ݶҺԪϲһ䣬ʲô඼Եүͷʲô¾;Ըҡ
л˵
ָһ㣬Ȿ᲻Զˡ


117 
Ǹˡ
ܽ͹һЦ, 
ʯͷһЦ˵֣ȻΪ󷹣һܺãпڸˣ
֣˵, ܽҲ뿴֣ô, ˵вˣ˰ڵĽ֮, ٳС˳
֣Ӧ, Ǳȥ, ߱ߺ˵
ֵԺȥ, ʯͷȥԪϲͷͿҩְܽѽһ顣
֣Ǹĵˣؼﲻġ˽һⳡ£Ҳǵĺãպڼﶨڿҿҵ¡
Ȼ໨˶ӣ˶Ĳԩ
ǳ֣, ܽĻֵˡ
֣ķʳշǳܽ, ǺͰζ¥ĳ, ֣Ҳѷɫ
ڵĽ̶㣬֭Ũζɫ, ζ΢𡢿ڸ, пͨ˿ڸˬࡢθ, һҲܽĲ
ϺܽĲ˺ó, ֣һЦ, ˵СʱʳվͲ⼸ڴ˼ѧ˲٣Բ˽ζϲԾͺá
֣ȥϴ̣Ԫϲʯͷغôź뿪
֣赽᷿Լס᷿ط֣˯ŲἷҹҲи˵ˡ
ܽҲ֣չ˷ϣͬ˷ϵĻ
֣ڹ˼ס¸ɴϴ߷첹ȫһְ
Ӷڼסµİ̺ܸȤ֣ҲϲСӣ۰ģûöӾͺϤ֣һ˴Ҳ֡
֣Ҳһȥ˺߻쵽ŷ˵Ҳǰ˶ˡ
֣ǸϸˣС£·ƽϴ
ܽ͹ƵĶ⵽ܽһ¶û´һܽԼźߵԱСǲϲˡ
ܽЩ⣬֣ź򸻹˼ҳģĲϸŲ
Ц£ܽԼϲ˵֣衣
һµദ֣Ǳȸʶʱ׽ࡣ֪ϲѶǳˣ˵ϲණԲãԺʳɵע⡣
ܽͷ֣ʲôʱȥҽƣòһ
ܽ˵ˣƸһȥĸٸš
֣˵ͷܽҲû¸߷ϡ
ڶܽ͹ȥҽݣڼڴĵһ磬˻϶Цһİ֪ܽϲ׼ˡ
һϢܵͦģɰѷԭؾϲϰز
콿úõģѾǸϲµиˣ
ϵЦ˻̥ܽľ˵̥ܽƽȡһжãĸ˲֪ô㷢źá
֣һܽԵĲˣܽ꣬ԼС
ҹʱҲڼ֣һиʲôãѼĲ׸ĳܽҶõģʱ˯š
ܽٴϲϢܿĸﴫ˳ȥִСŶһˣܴɩܶɩĸҲַſ
֮⣬ܴܶáμҴ̡š
ܽ˷׷ſǴĶһѣ֣Ц˵ˡ
һƬϲķΧУܽͼ˹ꡣ
ʱܿ쵽ʱܽϲĸ¡
λкϲǺأ͸ǻм£һûʲôоˡ
ܶݶ̥˸ӣǰʯŻܽӣЦǺǵظ˵õСӣԺûǮȢϱˡ
ƺܽлΣЦ˵ӾǷǮܽĶӣЦ˵̥һǹŮ

һ꣬Ԫھˡ
ʱͿʼŸ鼮ףʱӸ
кܶطѾϾˣλҲҪݡ
类ץȥ׳˻ûȥæӡ
Ѿҹң˯߲㣬Լ·ֻصԪֵֺʱ
˫۵׷࣬籧Ÿ첲۾ڳűС
˵ûУһٲĸ첲
ƿĲеƤһۣ˵ʲô
ˣξ˵Ǹлľʿ˵Ժգ׺ֵܶڳΪ٣Ҳǿƾˣ֪ʲôʥϵ˴
һٲͣ˵ţ뻹ûξ͸ộ˵˾䲻Ȥ±۾
⼸Ӧþ͵ˣҿɵúúñ֣ȡô˯ˣ˵Ĺٲע⵽ֱ۾˵
˵ˣҪ˯
ǹٲȷʵ㲣ƲƲ죬첻˵ˡ
֮˷Ԫء
лҡҡλεϣԼĺӣƿվڵ·߻ӭİա
ʺõİеػ֣ЦͣԱߵҧǸӵģʺõԽԽ
ķ࣬л˰ֹ֣ϳֱͦļһԱߵ̴˵ҵˮͷҶˡ
̴ӿٵظ˱ˮٺЦ˵ôʲôֱĿմкˣ
лһۣʲôĿĿģҴҾôׯء
ȿȣ˵öԣ˵ˡ
ţǸ̴ϴŸп˵벻תת˾Ȼ˷Ԫص̼ǵõúһ깷ڶˡ
һ乷ûѺȲлǺֵĲ豭ָԼ̴Ķ߶µġ
Ļ飬ֻһ䣺ҡϣ
ʶԼ˵ˣ̴žž죬µͣˣ۾һתƻ㿴ǵˣ
л˸ۣһϵĹٷصĽŲȥ
ǰԪǰةξһڹٲſڵȺ
лˣ̬𾴵ǰʺãԱ
ξͷվţĵ̧۳һۡ
һһӾ͸ɵˣԴһ仰
ⲻֵֺʱҹ͹ˮҹȱ
զˣ
һţʹջߣôֱضл񣬾ö֮˶ע⵽
лһֱԼɵĹٲɻ˭󣬳ǲ̲Цһ¡
һߵξʹ񣬿޶ԣĹٲǰСһţʹæͷ
Ǻǣֵµ˲أð˼¡һֱʶξæǸ
лźӺǺЦл˵޷޷ӴǺ°һץһ׼
ξЦ˵ǣлǰţͷһƴͷϾʱʲôûٵİ
ǣξҼ
õõãҷϻˣλأСӰƽʱĻ龢óɵ˰ĸҶˣ
綯˶죬̾˵Լ֪ˡ
л˵
л񣺹û뵽ɣ


118 
лκ, Ÿǰ˽ӣִһڹٲسѲһ
ϻؼҰ̾ģһŸţѵӨôˣ
ٲȥˡ
ͻһ仰ӨͿ, 絽ô, ֮ǰ˵һ顣
꣬ӨҲĬˡ
ﰲ˰, Өѷһ, ߵ¿ļ
¾ȥ, ֲʲôò, ̰ڵģû˼ҴɡԺиʱҺţˣһƾͷӿ϶òˡ
̾˿סӨ˵ֻˡ

һҹȥ, ŵ
Ϊ֮ǰϲ𾴣ԼҪϻؼȥ
ͦϲŵٲ, ʼյ뷨, ⼸һֱڿ£潻ɵĺܳɫ
ʱȥ˰£û뵽Լǵû, һ佱
ڽѲ, ·ϿһС͵͵һͷǮ˵ȥһ, С͵߷ڵ֮, ӾͰš
ſ˳ŵл, ˵֮лźӵ˵ͷĲ֡
ееˣ뵽Լ֮ǰĲԴϿҵĸлǸ
лû˵ʲôߴЦתŰ칫ȥˡ
£֪Լᱻˡ
ܼٲܿģյ˼Ҿȥһ̳վƣϳԷʱúúһ
ܽģԸ紫ôã·Σ
ⶫûһص˵лĿǰ˵ĸоܲӦǸֱˡ·лǰҪӹϣһаɷ͡÷顣
ܽͷͷԪأղܹġ
ܽһ֮վ뿪˾
һůˣһ߶ƣһæŽʣµӡ
ܽ󲿷ʱ䶼ڼż˾ͻŹһͷȥ
˺Щ¿ʳӲ˵ϽǱ߻һҶķһ¥
Ը˵ʵ̫ˣǻ͵͵˼ӽȥѣʹöķ¥տͺõĲˡ
ˣҧһҪѿķ¥ϰÿ춢Լҵˣϱȥ
ܽϸ£ؼҲѹơ桱һ顣
ɹ̫˫ںб˵ҪǸȥķ¥Բ
ƿЦã߹ȥĶӣЦ˵ԼɲңȲ˵ڼԼôóȥ
ܽЦˣŲһ£ҪһƼţֻһ죬ǿĶ˺ˡ
һ£ܽü
ȹһӵʱصظģڶܿɣشô˺ˡ
ܽЩƣ˵Ǹڣ첻ĵ
·ˣҲůˣȥɩٳƥ²ٸѡ
ưοܽȻԼĶϡ
һԼĸʱӵĴСֱܽȻһ¡
üӺǱȻĸʱҪ˲٣ѵ̫࣬ӳ̫ˣ
ЩҲ̫ҡҡͷ˵ȥ֣
ܽһƵ԰ﺰժӣҵ֣衣
֣裬ǲǱѰĸµиҪϲ٣֮ǰһʱѣ촩϶ˡ
֣ѻӷڵϣشĶӡ
ϣǣ
֣һ˵ƽһûע⣬ôһǴ˲٣
ܽθڶԷҲ֮ǰࡣ
Щģ֣裺ǲҳԵ̫࣬ӳ̫ˣ
ھͳôǵʱµö󰡣
֣ҡҡͷϴ֣㵱ĳԵö࣬Ҳܳô졣޶һСԵЩͻⳤڵϣȫںϵġ
ܽ˵ͷһüͷ
ӣң
ܽѰ˼ţϴɾӣ߹ݸԡ
ܽתͷЦЦſСһ
ӣζܽ˵óԣЦʣµӣúã˵Ҫܵóԡ
ܽˣƺ֣Ҳԭء
ԴܽϲϢȷԺ󣬷Ϻ͹ƽͿӣټܽ󱧡
ӻСô£ܽñѹ͸˵ԼСܻܵСãżˣܻܵþܳˡ
ӻС⣬ܽôһ˵ΪܽĶӣһܵܡһá
ƽӽĺãӼǹԼûֵãӣңҪָǳԡ
һ仰˴µ˼·
֣۾ϲ˵ǰҪǻ˫̥ӿɲǱһ㵥̥ĶӴ⼫пǻ˫̥
ܽϲӣԼĶӣȫûԼпǻ˫̥
Ǵϲ˫̥ＴҪλСүϷ֪һĻˣ
ͷҼһϲӣܽĺӵԱ𻹲ȷ֣Ĭк
ܸܽˣƣҲڵϲ⡣
үǴŷȥҽݿôæѰʱˡ
һ֣ժӣңطܽվȥá
֪ĿģĸͷӢǾȻˣ
һûܽ˿ԲԲĶӣȰ˾֪˫̥¶ġ
Цݣ˵ͷϴܽ
ϴԼĺӣЦݺͰظܽ͹˵˾乧ϲ
ܽȷ˫̥˼ˣ
ܽ͹ƶһۣ˶֪ô˿̵顣
ԭżҪһӣڲһĹһӾͱ
ָּˣܽȽϴһ˲ϲۿʪˡ
ֶһˡ
Ƶͷһһůס֣˵öǹŮҪȻСҪˡ
ܽ˵ĻЦеˮ˻ȥŹƵָϴл
ϴ˵ûʲôģתͷϴĸ˵˫̥Ȼϲ£ڶʱʱͻ˼ҵ̥ƽҪעʳмǲԵ̫ʹӳ̫󣬷ʱΣˡ
ƵЦһʧˣϴ˵£ܽĶӡ
ǰ
˵Ķһôôװأ
뵽ܽʱԵΣգ۵׳һĨңæʵֻǿʳòЩģ
á
ϴųºһЩ͵ֻҪ̫úӳ̫ˣҲû˫̥и󶼺úˣǿ϶Ҳƽġ
ƻе㵣ģܽ˵ֻҪƽʱעţ϶ûµġ
Ƶͷҽִһ󣬺ĸӢ˵õĻƵ߻˼


119 
ô˵, ˫̥һϲ¡
֪Ϣڼһĸ㣬Լϲˣ˼ùҲϢ
˴ú͹˶ñȹСõſ, ȻûԼ, üĶϱſܽ
дǣСõĻҲ͵˹˼ҡ
˵Ϣϲʤ, ص׼һЩԴƷ˹, ܽúչ, պӳٵһۡ
ܽŵл, ԪϲľյĶŽַڼŰ̥
ʣ֮ǰҲˣ˲գָԼһɡ
ܽʱԺң˵ҪլϺǾȡ
ö˶˵ģôҪլӣ
լҪ, ۼڵķ̫Сˣһ᷿, һ, Ⱥӳˣס
ܽüϵĺ, ˵˾䵹Ҳǡ
᷿Ϻ֣ס, ᷿ӡ
̥ҪֻһкסһҪ˸Ů, סˡ
ڻֹһ, 㶼к, סһ᷿Ҳ¡
ķӻҪˡ
Խˣֻ֣һ˲ܵ򼸸źšԪϲÿźҲ鷳һһլԺԺڼס£˾ܷԸǣҲ㡣
ܽһ£еۣһҪӡ
ӻȥ׬ȥǼеһǧﻹһվûȥصӵ顣
ܽ͹ƾӪ⼸꣬ӿû׬
ҪΪȥͻǮӻһʣ򼸸լӶ⡣
˵ϲСüĴլӣҾͱǸ򣬱׼СüҵĻҪҪƯͺǶס̹ˡ
ܽЦЦҺͺӾ͵ˣǧҪ˵
Ƹ˵صͷ

ưҪլӵ˼ˣһʡķκͬ
Ǹûһһլˣڵķ̫СˣԺҵĹ͹ŮǶûطס
ƣȻլӾͲҪûǮ˰æкʵĻҲϲס
˵ԼףԪϲԼŵسȥլӡ
ûլԺļ۸񣬹γŴ֪۾Ȼôࡣ
סķʱһٶʮӣһһģȻҪһʮӡ
լԺ͸ˣȫҲҪӡ
̾һ﷿۱仯֮󣬹ץ˷ӡ
ιƻҵǸϤˣŹðô෿ز׬ǮҲС
ƿϵ·ϸ˵⼸ĲЦݶ˵йƹĸ
˵˼䣬Ʊߴʵķӡ
ǹʱڣïʢСС춼ϡ
ӵһʱ仹û䣬ܽרĹԼСӡ
˵꣬ʪ˯Ҳ
ܽ峿һɫӣȻϲʹģһƬǺˡ
û˯ãһûʲôڴͰ͵ģܽۻˡ
ľȥĸʪĸҩְѼıȫû迾һ飬ȥʪ֮§˯һ
ϵʪöˣܽ΢Щſ֣Ժɱ
վѾͷһӸЩһ԰һ㣬ʮˣԱ߶Ӵ֡
ųӰһǸѾͷæϴɾܹ
֣ܽүϷأ
ѾͷҶػղ˵һҪլӣլִֿүͷ˵үʹԪϲſլȥˡϷȥ˸ߣûһ
ܽͷ¡
Ҷӱãȥȡŵţ飬ܽӵһ
Ц˵Ϸ˵ԿȺģϷ˱ū澵ֻĸϽ֣ɼ档˿ɻЩʲôģūͺ֣ȥ
ܽһȵţ飬˵ˣϹԼͳɡ
ҶӦǣ˵յľƶˣʯ¸ղˣūȥ
Уȥɡ
Ҷһ񣬳źźԼСǰͷȥ
ȸܽһ˵Լˣȥȡ˼ֻţԣߵܽ硣
ҶǹѾͷһһȻӲͬ¶ʹ졣
֮⣬˻г˵Ҷ첹ķǳãͨĦá
ܽһ͸о᷺˲٣ʾͣ¡
ûԸ£˳ȥ֣ȥˡ
ֶźˣܽʵ̹Ĳˡ
ÿӾǳԷϢɢ˯һҪĵ鶼ûС
˰£Ѱһʵլӡ
լӾ֮ǰȥǸլӣ˼ҾҲԶ·ʱ͵ˡ
լԺͨķӾǲһܽŹլһȦҿȶҪ˲Źլӡ
լĺԺʽϣſڶϽǡ
򱱶һ䣬мǸݣ߶˵Է
լӶ᷿ϱ߻䵹뷿֮ӹͨսǵĵط໨ݺľﻨ㡢׷ɣǳƯ
ǰǼƽԺӣȫʯ̾ͣһɫԺżոףĺɻţζźɫ㡣
ͷһźַЩסҲܷŶǼһյء
ָǿյظܽ˵Ժ󽿽Ҫֲ˾Ϳ֣ҪǲֲҲһЩ÷߹ط㹻ôöС
ܽͷͬ˹˵Ļ
ϲլӣɫҲÿ
ƿϲˣͻ˼֮󣬶˵ӹլӡ
ôլԺ϶ˣԭ˺ΪӿƿȫҰ˸ǣߵüլﻹ˲ֵǮļҾߡ
ЩҾһˣլɢɢһҪٶӡ
˼ǹŹƶԼĶ飬Ƹ︺լӵĹܼۣԶٰʮӰլӶ
ƸǮõõָ֮һΪžİµѡ
л˹Ƶĺ⣬ûӡŹ˸ߵ̣Źõ˵֮͸ǻȥˡ
լˣƾͳ׼ҡ
ȻڵķҲûס꣬Ӱ˵Ķǰڷһѡ
ȴԪϲұȥլǱʰһͨͺַ΢ЩϾɵĴӻһ£һЩõĶͿʼѼĶǱ߰ᡣ
ָ֣ǼŴ֣Ĺư鿴һͨõľװЩȱڵľͲҪˡ
ַҲŲܽʱҴļױ⣬Ĺߡ
ΪҪʰһȺÿҪڼͼ˶
ܽǲöֵģʱһ㶼ڷſ


120 
ʲôҪ, ͻԪϲǡ
ůܽϣԺǿô̵ĹŹƸִѼӣڰͻȻе᲻á
֪߰ο, ˵ԺԺҲȥ, һֱţҪסʱܻ, ѼҲÿϧ, ȵլٸһġ
忡¸, ܽݸһЦ, ˵˾á
һʰ׵ܽ͹Ĺլ
ǰʮֲᣬϵ˵һҪԺʲôҪæҲһǵ
ܽ˵լҲԶҲҪլǱ˵ȥ͡
ϵ˵ͷ, ܽڹƵĲصعĽӡ
˵һԼһȥ, Ҳ˽
ܽƿ⿴, ľƵĴűԪϲľؽŰવһ죬ס˼ķӾ
Щһֱ, 㡢, һϴﶼǻݵ
ܽ, ߵԱ˵Ҫ, ܽһЦЦ, ŽӻλƵլ
լſڵıѾҺˣһȴĺȼһϲը죬ܽסլ
Ϊ֮ǰѾˣҲû̫Ҫ
Ҷϴɾıȥ̴ܽԪϲǾȥʰԼ
լܽ͹סȻסݶߵǼ䣬Ǽ˷ϡ
Ԫϲľ˹סĵŴŵͬʱƽҲ㡣
֣Ҷס˺ͷַԪϲ֮ǰԺԺסʡ
լԷԭ󣬳ͷ˯Ĵ⣬м仹Ӹһſ齡
齿ɿͷһСԲԲϰڷˮˮ͸㣬ƽܽ͹ƾͿͷϢ
Ҷ̺ôִŴͨ硣
¼Ӻ˷ܣܽǣԺĴתʵĸܽһԼԺ
һո׿㣬һȥսǵĻժȥ
һܽҶԼϢȥˡ

Ž껹Ҫӵ¾ƣլƺܽûϯȺһ졣
ϡϵɩһ˶ٷ֮¾ȥˡ
֮¾ͽˡ
ܽʱѾ߸£Ȼʳ˫̥ӻǴĲˡ
֮ǰûһܴµģȫҪڵȥ
·ҪǮԺҲϡ
ֻܽҶȹųŴƽڼһʹŹƵѡ
·ԽԽ󣬹ƿҲԽԽǡ
Ǽ˫ֵܣͷһγĻ˫̥Ķӡ
ܽСɽһĶӣƤϸܵƣۼСԽԽףҹԽԽƵһĺһۺܡ
ˣ
ΪʲôСһ㣡ΪʲôҪýȥĿͷ
ƾԼĳӶˣҹܽϴţú󣬸˵һ꣬ԺǾҲҪˡ
֪ܽԼЦһ£ЩϷʵܾģ㻹ûأѲԺ󶼲ͬˣ
ʱûСɡʲôĸףᣬѲԺʮ껹ͬˣ
ܽԭΪƻ˵öԣû뵽˵ͷһ˵벻˽ͬУҿʲô
ܽ
ôһ˵Եһ㡣
˸ۣܽ˺УҿĹáһᣬɲ
һüͷƿ˼˰죬뵽һ⣬ͷ۾д˵֪ôˣȥҽĸЩõҩȥԺͲкˡ
ܽסˣ۾һգգؿŹơ
ôôԼܺã˵Цš
ܽ˵˿ʲô飬еģůĲˡ
ѹԼڵ˵ŮӵĶҲܱУֻǷòغ컨ôá
ܽû˵ƾšüͷЩؽס졣
ȻҽһҲ֪ЩЩӵķӡұЩ廨ź˵Ķôȥãô˵ҵ𣿡
Щѹܽæסĸ첲˵Լˡ
ᣬͬʱҲƵģַѵЩõҩͲôֺγҵģ
̾˿ֱסܽ
ܽǰŹİȫУ˵Ժ˵ɣû׼ԺҲأ
ﻹǾԼȾõҩİȫûִͷ

һҹôȥڶܽ·ʱԼƤϳªϺɫƿʼ
˵Ƴ˾ͲȥⶫôֲҪǸһӣԺҲûˡ
ܽױ̨ǰɥͷĹϵ·
Ǻ֮ǰ˵㣬Ҳûó
һȥҽʣûʲôҩͿ
ܽһ˵еҩͿ϶ԶĺӰ죬ǵĸҩҩԣǧ˺ӡ
Ƶͷܽİһ򵥵ķ٣Ժ󣬵ȥܽҩࡣ
ĸһͿģһ꺢֮Ĩġ
ҩ඼ǷӢоģԼҲˣЧҲ
ưҩȡܽĸ˵Ϳ˶ϡ
ͿʱƤ쬵ģһûָоͿһʱ֮ܽƵٶȷʵ֮ǰһ㣬̾һǰˡ
ԴʳԺܼ⼸һֱû˿ڡ
ȵʱ򣬺ܽ
ʱ֣ܽ⽴棬ճھϸ˵ӨܶɩеĺϢ
ܸܽˣ˺Ͼ󣬹ϲҪˡ
ҲкüŮˣﱧӣ۾ܽĶӣ뵽ԼúܶЦøӿˡ
úţʱ㡣ޣʱ϶ҪЩǵöදӹǶʵˣȵʱҲо
֪Ҷɢء
ϵͷָιѣϽӹˣѺ۰Сܽ˵顣
ߺ֣ܽ׼һЩʳƷȥӨͶɩ˰֣лװһЩԼĳʳ
ܽͦжԺתƣȣ»ܽһЩ
ƴľͺȥæ⻹ûڼԪϲܽЩģȥһҶܽŽơ
֮ܽǰҴŵʱҶƣͦ˼ģ˿̾ҲȤ
Ԫϲ˹ܽҶĸҶơ
ҲܽͷƣʱʱĻָһ
ﻹмϣ֣ȥһùԡ
˱߳Թϱߴƣ֣վһ߸ܽȣܽؿơ
ģ
ȣʯͷ˵ЩƵ鿴˱첽ϻؼܽ
˲ŸոսԺܽЦ
̧һСи˳˦Ÿ첲ء
ڷϵָ£ܽӮĴġҲǮֻҪëʻһӡС
ԪϲȻ֪ôҶƣĲãҶֵܸһȥűһӡצģԪϲͣش̡
ܽҲӡűǶɾˡ
ȻסŻĳɾ͸лǲС
ôҲˣܽЦ˵ˣƷɾ
Ӷˣûʼء
֣躰ҶȥԪϲôӵ۵Ҷ
֣һˣŹ⣬˺زˡ
ܽ͹ǳݴȥˣ֣ҶԪϲǵͷʼ
ҶһȺʢÿ˶һ룬ΨԪϲֻа뷹
ſտҲķͰԼİ뷹ԪϲҶۡ
ҶĻţĿһۣע´ڴ׷
Ԫϲֻ֣˵ͷвû
Сֶѣùܡ
֣ûҶˣҨЩ跹һһڳԵ㡣
Ԫϲ߷ߵؿһۣԼķĵһҪڶ


121 
Ѿ, ԭܽųϢû뵽ûţ˴˵Ƕֵһӡ
СʱľġƬͻ˲Ǯ, ټϵضֺ, ӵƺܽһһꡣ
ǶӵļǮм, ֵҪһ˰, ͷǼ, Ҫһˡ
⼸˲, ܽ͹ƶǮߡԺҪ̣ͨǮ϶Ҫǡ
ҹƵǸ֬ˮ۵ˣصİգմż˰ᵽԪء
ԭۣ֬ȴû뵽Ԫصֲֹ˼ӵ, ⡣
Ѱ˺ü죬ڶƼ˹˼ҵӡ
˼ҵ½ĿŽʵɾ, λڶмλֺ, ٲ˿ˣ֬ʲˡ
ӻţһ·˴˹˼Ҿ
˾ǱǰĶ龪һ, ߵһ´Լ, ųȥһլԺ
ǰɵլӣ˱һ, ̾Ǯ, ˵ͷСظ߽Ժ
ʯͷ˹ǰ, ˵֮д
ƸһãԺĵӳ顣
ùҪһЩӣƾܾ
һӱͲףǵֲߣټ١
ûأ̬ȼᶨ˽ۡ
̸һӵľˣƺǩ飬ÿһӵļǮѶߵȥһ䡣
ŷȥһˣҲûбҪ
ưԼҪӵϢ˳ȥܽǰѳӵȫˡ
Ǯ֮ǰܽµĿҲˣǷ
ưܽҪģ֪ȥˣҲûʡ
ʱһת۵ʢģзˣܽҲڡ
ͥԺǽµĽţܽſڵҶ˺ò˯ŵܽһߵ˵һߣȥ󰡣
ܽҲû˯죬ڴϲһеҪ˯ŵ˼СͻȻ˽
ʹؽһֱסСȣһӶ̫˶ӣʱҲһʹ
æŶӣһ߸ȵĹһһӴӴŵôˡ
ܽĶͷ۳ϸϸܵĺȻŽϵʹȻҪأҧԹ˵Ҷۡ

һ仰ùƴ󾪣æסܽȥͷϵĺ
ܽ˵ȻŽæְȡ
ϵʹмӾ˼ܽקסƵӣϢȵظ˵Ҹղ˶ӣʹĲУоҪһ
Դ˵һɵһ룬˽
Ӧ߽ܽͷ󺹵Ӷʱһ
״ٸ˵ȥԪϲѽȥ֣衣
ۼܽ⻰Ҳûʣ˵תܡ
ԺͳɤӺˣ֣˵ߣͻȻĴɤһ
üıһµӣ˯ˣ֣Ƴ˳
֣ѹѵĺʲô֪үͷ˯أ
Ҫˣܵǰͷ˵˾Ϸ˺֣ȥƷˣּææȥԪϲ
⻰˵ûͷûβģϺ֣һۣ۾ɻĻƺܽķȥ
ܽѾƷƽ˴ϣŶǽüϺ֣迴ɫ䡣
ҵүôˣϽһ߽ܵŵؿ
֣ͷ˰ܽΧס
šۣܽס˷ϵ֣뿪˵оԼһҪʹгˡ
æһ˵տԼѸղŷ˵һ顣
Ϻ֣辪һ£һ˵ǳӣ̥Ҫˣ
˵ţܽоһȣɿŷϵȥԼȹӡ
һ˾ע⵽ˣ֣ܹȥƿȹ̽ͷһ󾪵ˮѾˣ
ϰһܹȥһ
찡ɲˮˮﻹѪ˿أ
ˮѪɲʲô£Ϻ֣˲͵ǵü
ϳɤӺҶ֪ԪϲѾȥ˽ţֶҶ˵Ҷȥ׼ĸҲ㣬ŽҲܰЩġ
Ҷһתˡ
֣ϽȥһˮԼ᷿Ǳܹȥʰ
˫̥˶Ȼ֮ܽǰûֳףҲһͰҪõĶ׼ˡ
˵סլһܼѪȣ֮ܽǰ͸˵Ҫ᷿ĶͷΪûüʰԵЩҡ
֣ӷɿʰһ飬ڴ̺ƾͱ᷿ܽ
ܽʱѾʹĲˣϵѶʪ͸ˣҧ촽ǿʹӣĹĶˡ
ڴ֣ܽӲͣĸź˵סͷʧصشô
Ƽܽͷĸ˵һ䲻Ҫ
ôܲ
ھԼˣ
ڹҪȥԼҽŵʱԪϲڰѽŴ˻
žϴθܽǸӣߵһ·Ԫϲܻġ
Ͻİӣ˵֮󣬽üͷһӾ
ƿܽϵıӿһ£߹ܽĶӡ
ඣͷһƨͷģɲ
ϵ۾ʱϴ󣬡˵ɶƨͷ
ŵ˵ͷ˲Ͱˡ
ӵ˶֪ʱͷλģҪƨɳ£ǾҪѲˡ
ôǺðһץסŵĸ첲˵Ͻ㣬һƬõĽˣɵðæǧҶϱ°
ŽôҲû붼ѲˡοػǸ˫̥оҲǺ
ˣھ߹Ҳ
ŷεĿ⣬ֻӲͷƤͷ
ͷϸɰͰ͵˵һһߵϴ֣ڴߵĹƳȥ
Ƹղһֱ˵Ȼô£֪Σա
۾ҪѪϽϽȥۣѹܽ˵˾使һҪסȥ
ϹؽţĽſʼΪܽ
֣ˮͳʳȥֳƳǿŵĿյ￴һۡ
ܽ˫ֽ߬µı죬ս˵Ļʹ
ϺܴɩҶܽԺˣ֣˵ֻܽǰһڣһĲεڵء
ܴɩ͹һѷסϵԴ󣬼ææ
֣Ҳȥæˣ͵˺Ͳţ˶Ⱥ
ģҲˡ
ûޣû۾Լ´Ь˳
ż˶Χ᷿ſ˹ȥܵߺﵽȥˡ
ƶ˶ͷһۡ
СԴ˵᷿ͷãһܼˡ֣ӵɣҶȥԡ


122 
Ҷ߹Ҫǣȥ, Ӷ͹ûЦݵ˰죬˲ԾҶǣ֣޺Ҫȥ
һߵܴɩס᷿ܵ, ѿֵԼ
ұӵͷַ, ÷ⰲСҪ˾˵ͷҡ
ͷ, 鷳ɩˡ
һ, ˵
뵽ͷܽ, ܴɩ̾˿Ż, ӵͷȥˡ
ƾôվţɫƻʱﴫһӤޡ
۾һܵǰˣ𣿣û£
˶仰ûҲǹⲻǸ˲ϡ
ܽǶ̥, ˵Ӧñһ̥Ҫ졣Ϊӣ̥λֲ, ˰Űϴ˳
϶Ǻ, ֣ﱧϴ󣬷Ÿɲ˲
̧ͷŴѾûܽеغӴǧ˯ȥһڶ, Ҫ, ӾҪˡ
ܽͷʪϣ˻˯, ۾Ҫؿݶ
ﶼŲ, ڴ
Ů, ˯ټһ£Ͼˡ
ϵĻܽĶԴ΢һЩ߻Ÿղ˵ĺҪ˵Ļ
˫߬µı죬ҧأ𣬱Ǽ䶼ѪȻźҺζþȫһ㾢
ԶԶԣҪˣСõ
ܽԴ΢΢̧Ŭʹ
ãоʲôһ˳ȥŸ˵غһˣɵڴҲû
ΪڶĴĽŵףȻһޣûиղϴ
֣վڽԱߣڶɫ࿴Сüĵ⣬°ɣ
ȻСһֱûϣŰѺӼһ£˵Ļһӵ˰ġ
ᣬ˫̥ܻһıһã⺢Ӿͷ΢СһǸΪղеﵽˣ֮úչɫˡ
Űѵڶӱȥϴɾ֣һһıӵܽ߸ϲ
ϲˣһ̥ϲϲ
ܽתͷȥ֣ͽűźִսһЩ
Ǹ磬á
ܽӣôССһţؿڵС
˫̥ôѾСˣٴһӾˡȻ㲻·ݺҲˣ֮ǰţԺһὡġ
ܽһЦһ¡
ܽƣر۾ϺͷϸϽͷϢ
֣Ÿ߹ϢϲƸճҪЦﴫϵһ
ѽզôѪأ
ŸܽҴӣؿѪĴȻ
һϽƿܽϵıһŴȵˣ̥»ûѪˣ
˵ɶ
𾪵ȫѪһӶ͸ˣ˲ɷס
˵Ҫ壬֣輱æ
үȥҲﲻæ濴Ҳġ˼ȻѪǹһ϶£ȥѰ˳ֹѪҩİɣ
ƴ˿ѾңԴһס֣Ļؿһתɱȥ
ܽ˿Ѿûʶˣ۾ڴϢš
Ҳ֪ȥ˶ãоﱻһƬʲôζܿ࣬кŨζ
Ժüо֫彥
ëһ£·𿴵ǰζߺҲŽ
ȥϸϸʵûǸˡ
ˡ
ЪЪɡ

ܽ˳˯ѪҲֹסˡ
ϺͷΪϴɾӣϸɾů͵ı֮һ˳ȥ
ԺţЩӣܼ˶ˡ
ȥţһĽ˸ŵͷҲ˵
ϺͷλԭѾ޹һˣ˫ͨĶͷŵϴͷл
л׼Һϴˣҹģ˹Ҫǣҽ֪ܱܲסء
ѽ׼˵ﻰӢ޵ܼϱҾһˣԼΣգв
ϴͷ˼Ҳһġ
ѪȻֹסˣӵ׻ˣ⼸ǻҪעţʲôһǵȥ˵
ϲ˲۽ᣬæͷİɴһעţ粽
ϴӢӢ⼸㶮Ķ࣬ʲôҲܵһʱ䴦
ղžǷӢȥ֢״ϴתġ
ȻģҺʹ䶼ˣס£СЩٻȥ
˵鷳ˣӢæûʲô
ϴͷһд˸ӣҩĸȥץҩ뿪ȥˡ
ܶɩǶǺϢܹģŵϻһϣܽöˣϱҲǻȥϢ
ϴҵģ϶ҡҵĶȥɣ˫ӣҲãڽûʲôˣǻȥúϴһ˯˰ɡ
ܽô£ȻҪµġ
ܴɩһܶɩӨſܲܰæȰܶǡ
ǰһ֧Ϻõ˲Σ˵֮ܽصȥξġ
˲ֻôСһ㣬ֵǮأ
ξôһҲû˼֧Ҫ磬ĥӲݣ˲򲻵
˲̱ѪĴ֮
ܽھͺŲƬԪһ翴ۣ˲θ˺ϣŸСá
ºˣԺ徻İʣ´һ£ȥ۸ճĺӣȥ˿˯ŵӣʱˡ
ܽһ˯죬ڼԺѹһΡҲû˵۴ߵĹƾ˯ˡ
ʱѹˣ춼Ǻϸǿιҩθյģһͺ˶
һ벻ļֳ˰ܽˣЦźͼ˵𻰡
˯žǻţȻ֪巢ʲôҲµӦԼʲô¡
⼸տ˵һ飬ܽ̾ԼǴӹŹһ
ϻ£˵˵žͿʼĨᡣְܽο˼䣬ϳ̾һ˵
춼ûۣһֱĴߡװϻ˯ȥˣڻ˯ء
Ż˰ɣܽ
Żˣǻ궼ˡȥ˴֮˵ʲôҲҪ㣬ӢϴǵĻҩʩ룬ڴ߱㿴šһѪˮ˳ȥǸӡ
ϰһܽҪʲô⣬Ҳͻȥˡ
ܽ˵ֱۿתǸˣɲ£
°Ϳٵգ۾ջȥԺԼĺӡ
ôˣĶأ
İɣӶû¡ˮ㣬⼸춼Ǳιˣڶڸ˯ءӽ㼸ΣСҲʲôƭ̫˯ˣˡɩ⣬ʾ͸˹ء
ܽˣŷϵ˵⼸ˡ
ֵذһۣɲӶ˶ҪģҲӵˣԺҲҺõĶȥ
ܽǺЦŽˡ
л˵
ⱾԭĽ־ǵ̥м½˵£


123 
ƺ, վ
Ƿ˵˵ɣȥڿҵĹ
ˣܽЦ̧ʾ¡
˵ϲ˯Źȥ˶һ, Ҳۡ
˯̤ʵ, ûߣ׻ûϡ
ס, ܽ
Źȥ, ƿžͺ˲١ǳ, °ϳϸܵĺ, ۾ﶼѪ˿
⸱ܽԼʮʱƴսҸɥµ죬ʱҲ
ޱ߷Ҳѹ
㵣ˡ
עᣬá
ãʲô˼ܽʱɴ۾, ԼĶ䡣
ûҸˣҸŵ˼
ƻǸƽı, ܽȴ˵ˡ
Ź˫۾, ãһ䡣
˵˵
ϸᣬ΢΢һЦ
ܽЩɥ, ˹Ƽ, ûУ
ιʱһۡᵽӹƵɫһ㡣
Ϳһ۰
ܽеӳô, ľͿһۡ
ʱܽ˯, Ƹû˼ȥ, ڱܽһʣȷʵҲе顣
ҼǵǳҶһ㡣ԼҲһ䡣
ˣһһԼɡ
ܽһʱӱǣŽӡ
ϴͱסܽô˯ôáܽӦȥ§׽˵˺һ
ڵʱҲˣϱϴ֣豧϶˰Ѻӱ˹
ܽ͹ΧӿãӵСС
϶ϻе㷢࣬ܽе˵Լ˹Ů
˰ο˵զܹƴİ֮ⱲҲ塣
ܽЦЦͷԼӡ
ӲӸһģ̳ģر
ͷϴ󣬷˵Сʱһģһ˹ơ
֪Լĵܵʮָˣ̧ܽͷϲ˵ܵܺúŶļһ
Ц˼Ǹӵ֡
˫̥ܽ͹ѾˣЦŸ˵ϴйԪƣС⣬϶йԪ磬СŴס
һ֣Ц˵úá
ָָ⣬Լظ˵Ҳϴҽӡ
ܽЦ˵ԣǵӲϴŴ׶СԺһҪǰ
ܵãӱһ£ǵٴηЦ

ܽӿ̫ÿſڵҩڼò´
Ŵʱ¾ƣӳ¶˸棬һһ麹ص
Ӣڹ˼ס˿һ£ȥʱܽС˵
СڹŹһ⣬˶ҶҲˣԺͱˡ
ܽɻؿɩӵ˼ǣ
Ҳ㣬С̫أ˼ԺǶϲˡ
ϢܽЩ⣬һʱû˵
Ů˲ʱһܱ顣
ӢѹܽȰеһҲѵһӣСѾжŮѾǺĽ飬ͲҪѹˡ
ܽЦˣ֪Ӣˣ˵Լ͹ԭͲҪӵ顣
ӢһЦԭԼˡ
С÷÷Ҳ۰СãһԣĽ
ɩҲĸ˲٣Ǻɩһӹúͺ£
뵽Լĸ磬ӢҲ۵Цһ¡
öã޵ۼҵϱĸòҸܼǸ˲ʢ֮ңĸи
ܽ˵ǣӢָ˵˼䣬ǣʻ˼ҡ
֪ܽԺϢۣһ˿뻶ϲ
㲻ʱҪҲýٳݿࡣûкʲôҪģ˻Ҷ飿ѾһŮⱲѾֵˡ
˵ҲܽģѾܼ̳мҲĺӣΣ
˹ʶǾûٸ͸¶
˵֪ܽܽô֢ﲻܡ
ƾĶۣ϶ܽĺһҲںϡ
ܽǵ׹ŮģʱܽΣʱҲǷŮŽźϴȾ
ܽﲻɲʲô飬֪˿϶Ҫѹܾá
飬ǷֻзӢϴ֪
ܽü֪Ǿ˭Ҳû˵
Ӿôһȥơƣһգһ͹ȥˡ
һܽڼٳţǳѪȻƾչ廹Ǳ֮ǰ˲١
Ҳ˵ʲôëǰһ仯ҲзӦ
һȰƣ̫Ƿۡ
öСС֣Ӱ첻ʲô
ʱܶɩӨһһŮ
һѩһͽйꡣ
ǵ¾ܽȥˣֶŮɰС֣ѾӵܽľѺ͵ͷؼʱͬ
һ𳯷һ£Ǿʥּ˽ӱ߾ڹ̡ͨ
ϢһҶˡ
˸ʥּԶĵط֪ܽ˵ܿüڽһ˲ͶĻ
ڽϴ߻£ȥĴС
ϼӵ֣лͷͣڷԪЪϢдԽԽ࣬ǼﶵԼƷҲĵطȥ̶ȵĴٽ˷Ԫҵķչ
£Ԫص̺ͷӼ۸ʼǣ̶̰֮ڣ۸ͷ˼
˼ڶֵһ꣬ͷǼֱӡ
˾̾ͬʱؼۺͷȻţ˭Ҳ֪۸յ׻ͣڶ١
֮⣬˼վҲǼˡ
Ϊ˺ܶˣЩƷ˹˼վ֮󣬾ͷ׷ƺܽѰ
˼վƸûôĹӦܽ͹Ʊǡ
Ƕڹ˼վƻǺִţܽ͹ƲǺǾԼŶӵȥ
վƺǾ͵طȥվƵļ۸Ǻ̧ߣ˶׬һʡ
ûĹ˼վһһܽ͹ƻʮġ
һ£˼վ˼ۡ۸УûͷƷôߣҲǰôˡ
ԴӾƷӹƵǰľƿǾͲô򵽾ˡվǼۣȻЩҲ⡣
ʢĵʱŴӭԼһ
Ȼ˫̥Ĳر
ƣŴܽ͹ƵĽ塣
಻һԸҲʮֵĴ
Сڣϲ۴ע⡣෴ŴһܰĺӣҪƽˡһܽҪɹŮɤǲ⡣
ΪԵʣŴʱ򶼲أŴײĽһ㡣
һһ˾ĵչǣڹһʱСһ㳤⣬˰װֵСӡ
ŴǼΨһһŮֱֵܶ˵࣬Թƾ͸ƫ
ƽӶˣƶȱŴȥܽι̣Ŵ׳Ա˲ֵõ⡣
ץõƷǷ׼ģֻǿһۣԼĹ֮ûٹʡ
ŴͲͬˣŴץõÿһƷǹ׼ģ²˵۸Ҳˡ


124 
ŴƽĴͱҪ, ʱСø˲ΡѣҲɾĸ
СŮޣϴƯϸСǽȦ, ܽͬʱһ, ﻹҪɡ
ܽڹҲû˵ʲôϾŮҪ, , Ǽʱ, ŵŮԺŲױССƭȥ
ƽ޲, ӵҲƽҸ
ܽеӣʱһգ۾͹ȥꡣ
ѾˣһͿȥѧöɡ
һ統ȰСһܽѧùһȦ˶Ҫԡ
Ӿµü˳ִѧ׾Сϲʲô, ͹һ𣿡
С͹⼸ΣڸѧǱĶ, ÿλ, Ӷӡ̡
ǰ͹Ƕˣӿǲ˲һ
ӵͷ, ˵ʲô֪
ܽ΢΢һЦ, ˵С͹СʱҲһ֪ͨôġ
ܽѭѭ, ӽ˶һζʲô
ĸسй, ͷ, Żͣߣˮȼ
ӶŽ˾䣺Ҫ飡
ܽ߻صͷº͵ЦЦӵԴǣص˼
ؼҺӾͿʼԼ鿴ѧȻûѧͣôѧܽ͹ƾԼȽѧ˴֡
ĸѧѧһ֣ٶȱȵС͹Ҫ졣
棬ӿ׵ܽ˵ĶжôҪͰҲϽ֡
꣬ϵʲô֡
ʱѾʼԼסڶ᷿ⱻ簴᷿ѧ˼죬ֽϻһѹ֮⣬ʲôҲûѧᡣ
Ӽʲôȥϡ׽ȥˡ

ұ굱˵
ܽ͹ƶͨˣЩûҿˣҲôġ
СһǸֺСӣұ˶Ӻܸˣѡ˸յĺ죬ϱӺϵ˵˼լԺȥƺܽʺá
һȺұϱźӣܽƿӵٿһۡ
ӳĺܿɰֱܽЦ
ֶܽ״ĴԺ˹վȱ߸һ𿴡
Ԫϲ棬˳Ҳſһۡ
̧꣬ͷһܽߵҶҶһ±죬һۣƫͷĵط
Ȼ˵ĶСǱϸĵܽˡ
üᳶЦһ£û˵
ұһ˰ʱʱܽĺ˸⣬˸ȥô˵ҪܽװǲŰݡ
ұϱźӸܽ˼ͷлܽס˵˼֮ǡ
֮ܽԪϲҶˡ
һʱĹ۲죬ȷʵԾ
һҶԪϲǴЦƽҲҶĳʳҶԪϲҲܹģƽԪϲˣ֣跢֣ѾԪϲˡ
ܽļһԻ಻ԸԩңƽԷ޲öԷڿڳԵʯӣҲ֪ʲôʱչ
Ȼɻ󣬵֪飬ܽǺܸ˵ġ
Ҷƽ߷ܽῴĪЦö֮Ҷ֪ˡ
һûˣܽˤƵĿӣҶһ̶
˿ǷԪϲ飿
ܽӲϴƫͷƳһۣкЦ֪ʵػʲô飿
ҶƱգߵĶһ½ţܽ˾ͱūѰˣ
⸱ܽûǺЦеߣ첲һߵԲϣ
ʲôʱ£
Ҷ΢΢ͷС˵ȥʱԪϲұ⡭
ԭôˡܽû뵽
ҶһܽȻˣΪβ˵Ҳͬһ𣿡
еĴ˼ҵȷвͨĹأܽҶദôãӦ֪ǼûôĹء
ҶæҡͷǣҽԪϲҪ˵ģȻұ⣬Ҳĵģദſ鿼ȷٸ˽
ȷĵˣ
Ҷ϶˵˾ǣܽ˵ԼĹ¡
ҳׯ˼ңûбգͿһֱҪӣϧһ̥ѾͷֱʮʱŵҵܵܡҼұôຢǸ𡭡
ҶЦдһ˿˵Ϊ˶ЩӸҵܵȢϱǾͰͷĸȥͯϱǾͰ׵Ϊū
ұĴĿֱ࣬˷˼Źһӡ
Ҷͨһܽǰۺ죬ԴǻصҺȻˣ˷˼ûûóԺôӹñİնҪ󡣷˺үǺƣҶⱲӶѱ
ôֳͷȥˣڲ˵Ԫϲ𣿡
ô궼֪ٴˣܽΣҶϽ
Ԫϲĺܺãҵ۴СǵʮӦҵ飬Ҳ˵ҳô󣬻ûôĹ֪Ԫϲ飬˺үһ׼һ֮ǰҶԣҶˣ
ˣǵ֪ˣɡ
Ҷһ±վܽȹӣһۡ
ôСҲ¹򣿡
ҶЦ˵˿ԲɲԭԼ
ܽЦЦôģ
Ҷ˿֣ߵػ鶼ˣҲûбĴˣֻǡ
ף
ܽһ˵˳Ҷ˵ͷЦˡ
Ҷ˵ˣԪϲӦҲ˵¡
ܽҶ֣˵Լ֪ˣżæ
ƴӾܽǸЦı飬֪ԪϲҲ˵ˡ
Űһ£ڶ֣֪֪˵顣
֣ǺһЦ˵ԪϲѾ˵ˣҲҶҪԸϱ̫ˡ
⻰˾ԪϲҶĻ¡
˳׿϶Ҫסڹ˼լԺܽͷһ£ҶӾǱߵԺӷޣĵʰϲ
ԪϲҶԼǮôҲ˲١
ҶѺױܽΪҲð˴ﶬѸ
ԪϲԼǮȥҶ˸Ƹ֣Ǯ׼ϯ
ԪϲûѣҶ˲ҲգȻ죬Լ˻Ҫһġ
ܽ͹һӣټʯͷһˣҾһպ
þƺò˵ĳһһƬףԪϲҶס


125 
ܽвٺӶѧö, СܶţܽıֶͷҲ½ѧá
ɩȥһ̥һʵֺСӡμֻһӣ˺һӡ
Ѿʦ, ٸźμҾ˾һӻ, ԼܶԳȥ˸Ƿӡ
μţҲǸ֮ңǮ, ͷȥѧöҲǱȻ¡
ͷֲ, Ҳ, ѧö, ڳ´ﲻҲʶ˲֡
ȣܶͷۡ
һѾʮˣСʮһʱѾţڻڸš
ûʲô֣ô, Ȼ󲿷ֵֶʶã±дֱһͿ
ܶɩʱ, һƪػ˼, ˣܶǱ
Դˣܶɩǳ׵׵ķܶμӿƾٵ뷨, ѧ, ͸Ҹطȥѧ
ܶɩ֮ôûԭġ
ܶȻֲߣϵⷽ츳
ܶɩ⼸˸Ѿͷź, æ, ƽķҲͽѾͷȥ
ܶżȥѾͷ, һѩۿޣѾͷæŸѩ򲼣ͰҪ¹յĲ̨ϵŻ
ӣֻʣܶ
ûöٹѾͷѩ򲼳ܶѾѲ˹ˡ
ѾͷȵĲˣܶɩ˵£ܶɩܶ羪֮ƹһ
ۣ֭ŨȻıȴĻҪóԣ
ܶɩܶ鸴ӣܶǴĶѧġ
ܶһ⻹ѧı飬ƽסģûѧ
ܶɩаȥԼĵطһ¿ϵҲһԡ
С󣬼ĸܶѾ˺ܶˡҪǻᣬǱˣ
ܶôţܶɩ渴һζѵ¿
ܶɩҧȥ׼һЩʳģܶԼһ˳
˲ܳ
ܶСͰԣһԣһᵽԵģʲôȤ
һ磬ܶɩܶͳԵһӵζȡ
˷ˡ
ܶɩԴԴת䣬Щ㵹һĻ龢
ܶЦ˵Ժķˣ׼ﶼܳϺóԵġ
ܶɩɸ֣ܶһߺǺ֡
ҲͦãԺúĳӣʮʮ¥һ׬Ǯ
ܶܶܶɩεҡҡͷͷҡŻѩϸǵѩԺпڸඡ

μҴͷŴʱĩ¸أҼһ˵㣬ȱԡ
ͻƺһģﱧ˸СкĲ㡣
װĶźڵźִǺŹһ峴ųˣζõġ
μҴִһϵ˵װĶһЩɽиĢҲӡҡʲôġ
߽ܽȥμҴ̸߶߶˵Լ¡
ɽϵĢرã̴ʱɽ˲٣ֲҰĢɹˣҪԵʱץһˮݷζ϶
Ҳ̷ɽժģûɳ̣ˮȣڳˣû¸˵ʱץųԡҲر㣬Ÿǳԡ
̶ʲô㣬Ҫʲôž򵽣ȴ̷̺ѾԼԵġ
μҴֽ̰ô˵
ֲʲôöɽҰеǣžˡ
ܽЦЦﱧŵСк
ǸӰɣʲô֣
μҴ̳ЦЦг١
Ҷ˵裬ܽȥСкЩǺֹҶӦȥܽЦº͵к˵ٱϲ𣿡
Скҧָͷ˵ͷ
ǾͺãǱԼģһòóԣóԵĻ㶼װŴߡ
ҶѳԵýܽݸһ
ԥһ£ЦĺƣСֽ˹ȥ
ûԼԵһڣǾݸμҴ̡
ԡ
μҴ۾Цгһ죬˵ԼԣſСҧһڡ
ܽеЦˣӴŴ׽ݣӺ˾ţμҴ̸˵غ˵Ŵס
˭μҴЦǺǵظ˵ӵıˡ
ӿܽȷϣܽͷͷٱˡ
ܽʳҪҪһȥ棬̧ͷμҴ̡
ȥɣ˻ȥġ
μҴͷָŴ˳ȥ
ܽҪͺμҴ˵˵ӳȥչ˺õܵãҲ֧˳ȥ
ٿǸԺӣĸôûģ
˵Ǽţˣʱĸүȫ̤ˣڼӹһ
ֱܽü˺£Ƿţôģ
Ӧɱ˰ɣ֮ỹš
һͷţ
μҴҡͷϵ
ӦѾ˰ɣ̷̺װ֮ǰĸĸ˺ǲ׽
μҴЦЦ˵¡Һ̷ѾˣⱲҲжŮһǹҲһĹҲָԺʲô˽һǾͺܸˡ
ҲáҲգμҴ̺ͻƺûŮԺ۾һˣЩ˭˵һ
ٱһƽϥǰƣǴ໶Цǳǲ׽μҴ̺ͻƺɾҲ㹻ˡ
̱ô˵Ҹղ˵ĽһͲĺӣղŶǹ㣿
ͳԺ棬·ſڡ
μҴ̺ܽǣܽϸĶⳤģ۴̷̺ǲĸһǵô̷̺Ķ顣ڣ̲꣬Ѿĸ飿̷̺ˣһ̷ǰΪյġ
֪ʲôͷĳٷһЦ
μҴ˼ƮȥԶǴЦƳϣɡ

лתһȥ
һʽѧö飬ŸСһȥܽᵽܴɩ顣
Ϊ֮ǰѧ˲ٶӵѧϰȱӿ˲١ԭӦС࣬Ϊѧ¶Ӿһѧϰ
ӲʹԼôһѧϰĳɼȻǰé
ÿμܽ͹ƶҪǿӴ˵ǰС͹͹ˣֱ֪ʲôˣ졣
ôԼӶŬ
ܽ͹ƴûָԺ帣ôڷܡ飬˻Ǻܸ˵ġ


126 
˶, ǶҲ
ȻͻС塣ƽˮͰԺܸȦǳ¡
ιԻȻ⣬ϵȽŹڵġԺȻòξ, Ҳöӳ˸޸֮Ķˡ
Ӻɷ, أûһǿ׳ôأ
ѲԺʲôͽ, Ҫָűȥȣ
뷨, ʱͱƲ, Ѿȥ, ӵȷʵܺãһֱû
Ҳ˿ʼǵͣڼܲܽܵǿȣ˾ͣ¡
ܲʱŴ׾һ, ϴѣյؿܡ
ƶŮƫ, ܽʱùŮҲȥȦ, Ƹܾˡ
ŴײܲҸţһ߿žˡ
ܽΪ, Ҳû˵ʲô
ôҲ, ֪ƫãҲûﲻ
˵, ʱ˲ٿ, ϶, ˣ
ôңһôأ˵ˣľҪãƽʱǣȻҲҪá
ҵֲֻòҲһĴ
ܽû뵽ôףȻƫŴףӺⶼĺӣǵİһҲȶŴ׵١
ӺŴ׾õﲻܣͣ˼ʮ־ȡ
Ӻ⣬һǷԼһǷĹơ
ܽϴĸ׵΢ЦοǵСǸԳȥȥˡ

Ŵʱܽ͹ƽѧϰ˴֡
Ŵ׻ãԸ񰲾ɳסƺܽʲôýȥ
Ͳһˣúöܾһ
һߵ̣ܽһ۴Ŀ
񣬶ϵЦɰִֺá
ܽһ£һߵĹƾ˵˾䣺ѽĴַʮ顣

ʱͱС죬ܽܽ뿪𷣡
첻żȥôãӦҲˡ˵
ܽһԴ԰Ҷˣ
תͷ⣬ܽ˵˾úѧд֣Ҵҵ˳ȥ
֪ǹģЩԹ
飬ȥϽдһҼ顣
ίͰ͵Ŷһͷëʿʼд֡
̧͵͵ĶˣƨɵӵͰͣһ̶֧һֻëʡ
ԼĵĶһдרƵġ
Ŵ׿ͳ۾Ųͬ磬Ͳһһд𣿡
ǰŪıʣ̧ͷһ䣺дʲôģʱ˵µһ³ⲻһҪȥء
Ŵ׺ˣ³ʲô
ʱ˵Ǳĵطߣһȥ˾֪ˡҲ̫
Ҳȥ𣿡Ŵ۾ġ
ȻˣҰЩдˣʹȥ
Ƕд
ڵãԼġմմīˮֽϻӻд֡
ܽ͹˵һͼŴܽ˵д֡
ô죿
ܽɵؿһۣ͹ƽӹĴֿһ飬ֻһֲ١
ɲȥ棬Ŵգ۾ǣ¶ſ
֪⡰ĴڣͬĻߣŮҲȥӲȥ
ȥɣľǣǰǵûܽ
Ŵ׸˼ˣһ֪Ի˸ϲߣľſڵǣ˹ȥ
Ƹܽ˵ˡ飬ܽ򿪲ֽЦһСӡ
Ŵȥһ磬ʱﱧһѵߡ
ܽΪǷӢǵģҪѵǵ˼ҲҪôණľ˵Щ⻻ġ
ܽ͹ƣô£
ľүҲֹʣѩͼھӼҵĺ档үһݹȥмݣԼ߸ү˵ǵû˼øô˼ΣүС͵ôˡ
ôݣ
ľһЦصү˵ݾ͸տʼ棬¾û˼ˡһߵţȺݾǻ治ˣ˵֮ͰҲ˻
ܽĿɿڴģû뵽ӻͣϼ޻һСС;ͻô·
Ҳ⣬һۣоѾԤϵӳԺʲôԸ
а׾ɰһڵأ
ܽ͹Цˣӻﱧ߶ľȥ˵ǣЩߵĺ˹ȥ

ǰͷᵽС͹Ͳò˵˲μ顣
ʱ˿ţѾȥ֮áĿȻûʹͨԡ
ͨжѣ
ܽ˿ǰ廪
һôţ궼ѳʮˡЩϾ˵ģҲ඼˶֮꣬еѾ˲֮꣬ã١
û̫ˣʮ꣬ͱŶûϣҪͨԳ˾ˣǾǡˣ
ܽȥοܴɩЩܴɩСûҲû⡣
ܽСδģΪû
ܴɩº͵ЦЦ˵С͹ӵľ
С͹ԺǻƿǰһСдţ˵йô飬ҲδֵʲôѾʮ꣬ٿ͹ʡѰ˷ݲ£һ˼˽һ¶ӣԼͬʱҲˡ
ܴɩô˵ܽͷЦˡ
С͹ѾǴˣҲҪŻʱʹﲻȱǮǶ飬ҲѰݲ¿Լ׬ǮôǶԵġ
ǰʱ죬һգ۵Ĺ򡣡ܴɩ̾
ˣɩƸ׼ò˶þҪȥƸ˰ɣ
ᵽܴɩ͸ˣ׼ˣȻ˵չ׼Щ˼ҴСӹþ͸ƸܵµķЩȥЩͷʱƸ̧ȥҲÿ
Сڽ궨ףŮѧӵŮССһ꣬º󷽡ΪֵܶǶ˵ԵʣҲ֪
С˸ѧҲδи飬ѧķӺϲѧҵǶ飬չˡ
ȻС񣬵֪һԺǰ̿϶ˣǣ߰ԼŮܸСʶ
СҲ˸ó׵ͣӵŮѧʶڸѧö֮СҲġ
дŸ˵£ܴܴɩȥ˸һΡǼǸŮһ۲쿼˶Ҳ⡣
Сķһ£ܴɩܴٹһ¾ҪƸ׵Ӿ廹ûˡ
ãܴܽɩһȥˡ


127 
ĩʱ, ˼Ҿһ
Կѣһڹһʯͷϡ
ʯͷһȥ⣬һݾͷ˲Ծ
ľ̳˶, ڷŵķͲʱڵ
ÿľƶ͹, ÿ׬ǮʯͷҲպãʲôû͵, ûʧ
Ȼ, ʯͷǾ
Ѿһ, ȷʲôû֮, ͵͵һƣʱﻰ͸¶׬Ǯ
˵ЩӹŴȣҡڵ߳ȥֺԶ֮󣬴ӺͷסǱ߿ٵƻ
Ӻŵ˰, ҹ˾￪ʼ˯ʱӴŵʼյ졣
ʯͷһ, ˳, һߵľ˹ȥ
¹⴩ھĵϣڰʯͷϡܿлҳڿƮ
ȻעſڵĶʱȴҪء
űƿ˸, ʯͷס, Ӻ˲ءڰȫΪһ塣
һ쳤Դҿ˿û֮, ŵغš
˴, ˿ĭ, һʲôʼĴ
һ·Ƶǰ棬ΪǱӣʲôҲûз֡
ʯͷ߬ľĬĬؿС͵ǰӣŲһӺڰ֮˳¹ⱻסڵͶӰӡ
С͵ĶͣˣӰ۾һ˲ϴ
Ӱӻʲô໵һɤӻͷͷһʹ֮Ҳûʶ
ʯͷץסһѰ¹һտһЦˡ
ⲻ

ڶ緹ܽԪϲ˵ʯͷץ˸ɴ۾
Ͻʯͷ˵С͵˭֮ܽ
Է˵жȻ͵
üͷ࿴һֱۣԪϲȥţ͵Υ飬ֱӰɴá
ܽƫͷɣһҪӶ״ˣ
ûݣǸôô죬ÿҡǣŴ߽һ۵ϻԵķ̾˿
⺢Ѿ˸ˣ絽ŻһҪ¡
ô˵ܽ㲻ٿڡ
ƳԪϲ°ͣԪϲ˳ȥ
ϿһߵʯͷƵ黺һ㣬˵ʯͷô飬ˣʲôʱȢϱؼҰ
ƺܽˢˢؿ
Ѿʮʯͷ˳ø߸ߴģǴº͵Ц˿΢죬ͷطϣż
ôż궼ʮˣСС꣬ڶѾϱ㻹ʲôʱңܽһü廰
ͷ˵ҪһΪ֮ȢӣǮûܹأӦҲû¡
ƨ
ܵǮڽô˶֪ܲ͹ȢϱˣƸǰùˣûڣ
һ߰ŵĹͻȻʯͷһ£һ˵Ǻˣ˳׵ͻҪ׵ġ
ʯͷһʱ֪ηһ
ˣ˸˵ϣзǮ׬ǮĻ϶˵һõĹ͵Űɡ
㡭
ʯͷܽȣܽͷͬ⣬Ҳĵģ͵ų׺ˡ
˵£˵˵žͱ˱ƻ̸
첲šȣʯͷεЦˣֻöܽͷϵ˵ͷ
¹ȥԺܽ͹ƾæ˲ͬ顣
ξùİȫ⡣ʯͷȥܹɽһͷʵӣ˹Լ˾û취˿
֮⣬ֻӴĹ͵ӺͷһԺڵһҴкһҹʲôˣǰæ鿴һ¡
ܽæŸһΪʯͷ˵£ԭҲֲȥܣʯͷ˫׶ѾڣҲֻǻܸŲġ
ܽͷýȥڵŵʱ򣬷Ҳˡ
͵Υ鶼ǲСʮ壬ԺҪ׶ʮ
Ѿʮ꣬ڴٴʮȻ˰׷̡
˱ͲǸöԴЩϿ˶ķ¥ͳֱҲûȢޡ
ǮĹ˲˵Ƿ˲ծΪ˸ծҾ˾˺;ĸضˣҪǷ޵磬ǶѾȥǮ
ô꣬ҧǷǮˡû׷ծĶַˣΪ˸Ϊʣٴδ˹˼Ҿ⡣
õ³һжҵġ
ҾĸͷҾ˾бŸ飬Ч֮˲ܲ˵Ŵûģƶû˵ֱԪϲľȥ˰顣
ˣҾ˾һҲûа취ˣôʧܽ
괺죬ʯͷöˡ
˵ҲԵ֣ԷܶݵСʯ⡣
ܶ⼸ӹԽԽãĺãһļٲʯɵӰ
׻˵縸ɩĸֵ쾡¡
ǷʯɵĵָܵȢϱʯɵĵܵҲ˼Ķһ㡣
˵Ķ飬ֵܼûּңܶһܶڼҵݲɩţһж׬ǮҲύܡ
첻ڷܵˣǷŬ֮£ֵȢסס·ȥѧö顭
˳˳ˮֻʣһʯ⻹Ҫǲ£Ҳȥǳ顣
ʯͷʯý˵ϵһģʱýŸܽ˵Էǡϴ󡱵ãܽһ£˰֪˵ľܶһҡ
ʯɺܶô㣬ɢĿˣҲ¥ݹӦ㣬Ϊá׬࣬˳ǡϴ󡱡
ܽúҲܸˣȥܶ׮µ뷨ʱ򣬻úһ
ʯͷ̤ʵִܸʯɿɰ
˵˵ЦЦ¶⡣
ȥǸԸ˵£ʯֻ˵ƾɩʯͷ䡣
˵ʯ⣬СʱۼҵǸС𣿡
ܽͷЦԣҵʱʯͷȥš
ʯͷˣԴ︡һСɰЦ˵ҪĺҸ⡣
ԭ
ܽӡ
ʯͷ΢΢𣬴Цظܽ˵ûô
⸱ӣܽĵˣǺЦŸ˵ʯЩ顣
ײúʯͷʯƸ
ƸܽͷϰæðģõȫԼĻ
Ŵ˵Ǽϰʯͷյӣ֪ʯͷҪͻһ͸ʯ
ǳǶĹģٲҪԵýˡ
ʯͷƸһȥʯҡ
İ£ӳס
ʱݽӴȴתתһԡ
ͬʯͷһϲܽ͹ƾƣղѾһȦ⣬ҲЩ졣
ѾƱˣů΢ЦԼҵҸ۾ٿһ죬ǧ仰Ҫ˵촽źϣվֻ˵һ䡣
Ƹ磬㣬ʯͷллǡ
ߴܽ͹Ƶϣ̧ͷЦŸ˵˾ʲôܽͷȥ۽ǵᡣ


128 
˵ŮһʮϵľͿ, ܽѾʮһ꣬õ˵Ҫٱϵꡣ
ܽϲģ䲻ȣŻС
ױ̨ǰž, ۽ûеϸ, һߵҶ
Ҷ㿴ǲǳ˸ƣ
Ҷǣ˸ҵС, Դսܽ
ûа, ⻬, һƶûС
ͻ, ҶѾˣĻ᲻ơ
Ҷ˵Ķ滰ŮǰͷܽԱȣ˵˺Ͷϵأ
ϲ꣬ܽôܸƤ״̬һ
ܽЦ, ˵Ҷһƶﱧ˶ϡ
ӵĶĳȥûУ֮ǰд˵ɽ髸, Ƕ, Ҫ͵ٶ̫·϶ûˡ
˷İɣԪϲ˿ͳȥ, ѡ졢Ьࡢʳ, û٣үڸǿ϶ȱá
ǰ꿼, Ѿ븮ѧꡣѧϰ, ܽǵ˳Դ, ʱʱľͻ˸ȥһЩ
Ҳˣү֮ǰǸ˴Ӹ˼ƥᱡ͸ϸҪҪū澸˲ȹ
ŸŴ״ɣ곤̫죬ǰ·촩ˡ
СǷݴүѾ׼ˣ˲ؽСá
ҶЦЦСǳ˲٣ūţԺ϶ܸһߡ
ܽ͹ƶǴ߸ǵĺӿ϶ҲĶȥ
Ҷ˵Ҳеܽ˵ȻˣհǼƥóȹһʹ
Ҷһܽȥ
ǻڣͷ֣үСȥˡ˷ģľԪϲأµġ
ҲôˣҲûʲôҵĵġһһ֣ڰնˣ벻
ɲūҲȥǣһԱССһسǶҪиˡģȥһЬȶ˶֪
Ҷ⻰Ȼеŵ˼ȷʵҲ޵
ķԪѾǵķԪˣССԺֵ塣Ħ࣬ѾһҪĳǳء
ڽ϶ˣҪάˡ
үΪξүԸµĹٲѲ߾ͺˣҲ۲ʲô
һǰԪصξϹңΪ졢ƴ󰸣лƼһξѾǵǸĴѲߵСٲˡ
ܽͷͬҶĻѶϷŵ˵ϡ

ͷզզĺܽתͷ⿴ȥһƵ˽ͷŹŮŴס
㿴ʲô
Цܽӣʮ꣬ӾѾҶҪˡ
һɫһǰ·ĵӣܽŵĶ
ʲô
ǶǶ׹㿴ƯӴɵģǸ˴˵ﻹñʯĶ׹أ
ܽĶӹɫ׹·ŹԣͷһЩͼڣǳ顣
ǺܺÿһͲĶ
ٺһЦ׹һƯϧǴǰûȶӳˣӾ齨һ̶ӣϴȫõĶ
һץܵʱץḷ̌Щ𽥳ҲԽԽȤ
ƽûٸڹƺͷæ⣬Ҳǲ죬ͻȻ͸˵ԺҲҪһ⡣
ӣҲȷʺ
Լ뷨ĸ֧־ˡ
ˣܽ͹Ʋûԡֻ飬֮ȥ顣
˵ĻܽСЦҶǸТĵĺúӣȻô˵ɾ͵ˡ
⿪ĵһԪϲܽš
ˣ·Ҷ˵ҰϯӶˣŴ׺ⶼţүһȥϯ
꣬ܶܶӣ⼸ԤŰᵽǨҲն¡
ܸܽˣ֪ˣʱһȥġ

ܶϯ죬ܽ͹ûֱӵȥ
һѳ극˴źȥܼϺϵϣֵܼܼˣһȺ˲źƺƵܶȥ
ܶſдˣԶǣһЦɽ˵
˸ϲܶЦ۾гһ죬ǸϽԺ
ԺѾ˺ܶˣϵܶ塢ܴһܴܽɩԱһ
河ǻģܽҲҳϯܶݺܴ졣
Ŵ׺ѩǸǰҴܹܶԴһ˿̾
Ժĺӣ֪УһѾˡ
ĻܽҲĿͶԺĺǡ
ܶݺܴݵĺӣԺյĺӾѾվһѡ
Ө⼸˸ӣӢһһŮܶҵֶֶŮֵܼܽҵֶֶŮʮ
ЩֻܼҵǰһС˶ӣܼҵĴҲˡ
ܽҲ޸пƵ²˰
ܴһЦŲ廰ܼö࣬˶һֺͺģԺһܹرá
ܽЦ˵ǵǣܴݵŮͷѳϲˣܶص¡
ܽĵңϵܶҲ졣ʱʱҲˣ￪ʼ˲ˣǱ߳Աġ
СʱĳԵôõĶҼǵʱ˸ɣĸʲôƵģ³Բڸɵʳ
һɫζȫļѼ⣬ϵǰĿӡ
ܶǺЦǰʱܳ϶ĸɷͲˣ붼롣
ܴһ߽ӻ˵Сʱ򣬾ǽСʱ򣬴ͶӲҲýͰ͵ģ꼢ģһƼݵģ綼ܴˡ
˺ǺЦһߵܶʺϣɩʲôʱȥСߵһȥ㡣
ԣȥȥ͡磬ܶҲæ
ķڰ֣ǣȥͣһҲûٶ϶Ǽ;͹ˡµǺ죬ұٵȰµģСǵüŽȥ
Сȥ˾٣βûȥμһԣͲ˿ȱʶĹ˾ټ;
ѾһصȻٲ̫󣬵δְռȴС
ӵм˴ٵģҪԼŬһһϰ
ѾְظΰӹúˣŰѵү̽ӹȥ
ܴܴɩȻǸ˵ģ˻ûԼӣ˹ȥܿˡ
ϺϵȥСҪһͬȥҲӣȰ˼֮󣬾;һˡ
˵꣬ܶЦŻСǸúӣȥأ
СȷǸúӣҲڸǽ飬ҲüдҪǹȥǵúͶܲԸȥ
СͬЩҲûܿϾˡԼȻЩݣСԲһ㡣
ڵʱ򣬹˿ƾ٣ص齨ѧã˸ͯɵķӡ
˸ǣҲѾȢˡ
˾ڲˣͷͦõģͲȥԼСˡ
ЦЦܶǵ顣
ʱ̵ܴܿһ졣
ܽ͹ϵܼ㣬ܶػϰŶ߹ȥְæ
СǱʲôУܴɩǴĶ㲻϶࣬һͷˡ
ܼԺͽ޴ܴɩô̫ܽÿȻЩ
ܴɩܴһ߽ϵ飬ֵܽܶΧϵͺϵǰ˵
ôˣĸǲܡ
䶼Сˣ˿ԺϺϵʱȴ񼸸ûСһ
۰Ͱ͵ؿϷϺϵܵġ
ҺֲǲˣǼ⸱ʲô
İɣŪׯأﲻҲû
ϵһ仰ܵ˲٣Ц˼
ԶԶԣ͸ׯף㲻ȥˣھ³ȥ£
ϵ뿴أȥ
Ѿͷ׷ͷ֪һʲôбһԼӣͷתȥ˵ˡ
˾СһϵͺȻͣദģʽȴԽԽɵСƽҪ̣ҪҲͣ
һתͷĸ
˵ŻܽЦˡ
ĽҲôˣӹúãﲻҲġ
ĺڷѾȫˣҲƣܽʱĵƹεƤۣܽȻֻůĺܡ
ϵĺϣܽɬһ·Ҫչ˺Լ͵Բ̫Ӳģ·ջˣͣЩȺ͵ʳб
İɣﶼ֪أ⹫ô⡣
⹫ڻ˶Ѿʮˡ
ձٵʱӹǻӲʵ˼ĳ١
⹫ţܽЦЦ
ܴɩ߹Цһ£˵ʱˣʱˡ
ҲôãҪˡĸúõĹӣ
ĸһתãϵڳﺰǻȥɣϳţʧǵ֮С

ڷԪأܽ͹ⱲӴ󲿷ֵʱⶼȹ
ⱲֻŮȥӶ˸Ե
ϴӵĶֱСҪǿʮоٿ˾ˣҲ˹һ˳ͨ˻ԣڵϱʥ׵Ϊ̽ɣ볯ƷԺޡ
ʮףŮǳȨ󳼵ĶŮȻ󣬵ȴǸСĹ
ãûйӹ罺ᣬ;Ҳʮ˳
˵˸ˣԴĶô׬Ǯ
ʮʱ̶ӡֻнطزԽԽ̶ӵӣŲ鲼𳯺ڵĹҡ
ӣܽ͹Ʋ˲ġ
⺢һ굽ͷ̶ܣȻ׬˽ɽɽԼȴһҲģʮһ˻ǵһˡ
˵Ҳˣ˼꣬ʮʱ֪ϲĹ
ףϲĹ˷Ԫءܽ͹һȻǸ𷢱۵Ůӡ
˻ϲܽ͹ȻҲûΪڷԪذ£ڶͱ˿ɰĻѪӡ
ϥǰ̷˼꣬ϱӼ̶ӣ˵Ÿһ˾ǡ
ŮŴܽ͹ʡĵǸ
ŴΪˡأʱһֱϥǰТ˼޵ҲԶ
ķһţΪº͡ӢżȻһ׺󣬱ڷԪѧãŮĹԼСӡ
ŮҸܽ͹ƹҲҸ
ǷһӣʮʱֲӺ뿪Ԫصס˼꣬ƣֻܹ֣֮ص˷Ԫصլ
ƽֲˡţԪϲҶźţûûʹĻʮ꣬ܽһû죬Ҳ׷ȥ
ȫ꣩
л˵
Ȿĵͽˣһֱлҵ֧
ɣĵһģпܴ಻ĵطɣܽᾭ飬ȡԺøá
ܽ͹ƵĹµˣλСɰӻţϣʵеĴҶܸ͹һҸĹһӡ
ٴθлҵ֧֡ñ
psļɣȽ϶࣬һĴꡣʱȲøоϾոдһģɣȳдһ±ģҪսԼ
ҲҲпǱͣҾڴɡģ
