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Խŷ㡷ߣգ߻VIP2020.12.23 Ŵ ˬ ģ

İ1
Сڹాʮ꣬ڵⱻų
ṳ̂žһˤ˫壬һûûľŮ
ϵ֮ǰһȼ޸˱꣬һƿŮš
ŸҪ׵ĸ棬ֺݵãСе㷢¡
Ϊһɽ亣ζȫԹ͢ȳŷ¹Ůιǰ˵֮
ŷһ𴩹ˡ

İ2
ŷǶ
ҶΪǴĶèֻù֪ϵŮ˷
˼УֻһϺ棬Ҫù
ɼֱҪ
ð죬ʹشƽԭȥʵĺϺ
һĪչʱһʼϺһֻһ̡
ӭж⡣
Ҫͱʹƣ¹ѣѩ򡭡
ȴûֹùһڣĺʹ
⣬費ʮףʮ
ùĸСŮ˸λÿչ𲻶ϡǳļʹӣɫġ
󲻹һСŮܹպãܹᡣ

С糡
󱦣Һҿɺˣҳ⣡
ˣûĺ˵λ֢ˣ
椣ҺҳԼ⣬Եҿܡ
ˣַһ
ţϱɶʱҲ⣿

ף
һ֮ǰδ飬ŮսŹ¡
Ұﲻʳ漰Ĵ׫
ȫļܿգ˽ڶ࣬ҿľͺã𿼾ݡ

ݱǩ Ŵ ˬ 
ؼ֣ǣС  ǣ  
һ仰飺ŷ֣ԺȫС
⣺ŬҸֿɵá 


1 
СһΡ
ظһͬͬŮ˵һ
֡
ǵԼѾˡ
ڿాʮ꣬ڰµ۵ǻ£ųһ졣
Сף˶ˣΪʲôΣ
뿪ѯʣȴûʱȻһתŮ˳ɽ¾ȥ
С⧲ʶȥ
Ȼ˹

ŷԼ˿һƾɵ
µֻһ̥ѵʹ
Ŀֻ֮мᶼòļҾߣϺֽѾƷ࣬һȻ֮
ü
Դӵŷ¹ùãѾûסôƵˡ
ĪǾΪܲ࣬ǸŮ˲ҲԸط
žણ
һϸСС˼
ѭȥȻ˶סˡ
г
ֻһһСŮ
Ĺ⾰СС򢣬۾Ƥѩףȵ谮
Сæӿͷ˹ȥ


Ůӽŵɪɪڵһˮˣ椲ˡ
˵Сʱ˵
һ۱ŮڵϵСʶ˿̵ԼѾڴˡ
ǰŮҲԭּʱżҴļŮ
椡
С̲סڶϡƵͷࡣ
˿סԭļȫ˹
СҲһˡ
Сʱ͸ĸһӻ˫ģﲢûʲô塣
ΪĸֻһûֵܣʹǼҳ˴ľ
ƽʱãŸĸĳ谮СûгԹʲôࡣ˸УΪ˴Ψһһ
²ãѧУͣΣĸ׼Ѵѧꡣ
ɺӺܿ͵ͷ
ʱĸ׼ȥû£Ҳ˴
ΪСû֮ǰ֧æýûؼ̽׵š
ʱŸոϱڲӹ޷Ůòݼٽͻչˡ
ΪڲӳӶżģȻӣҶʱֵüɹΪ
˵Ը⽫Ů޸ϱԸչӣֻһ֮أŶû˵ʹӦˡ
ϵӲһֱ˴ӹصĽ֤ȷŮп֮źЦȥ
ôҲ뵽ȥʱ䣬ԼĶŮͱұƵ÷ּҵ뿪ֻԼ
Լˣŵƿ
ϵ֪Ƶôӹײɣ
ʵ˵ҲŵĴ
ȻŻزӣҲûпС
ʮǮĲ˵Ķʮ飬׷ɥá
ƫƫͳʮǮϡ
СǣʶԼ˿ǻصһĶ죬Ů˸ոմҷֳõʱ
󱦰զʰ𰡣أû𴲣
ģ졣
Ҫ˵󱦣ҲָǺˣǴû̼ȥɡһڳԵģզҲǡǽεεӣָﶼû֪

治֪ʱһˣɤӴš⶯ڿϵС˵Ļ
ԭڴﲢûʲôԵ
СüĬĬ
룬Ǵӿ˵ˣǳȥ
һСŮͻС̲סŵӿһ
ڸ޷ƵҪȥá
ȻԭǰŮ׽
ҪԼʶر峯ȥ
ܾҪȴ˵˵СŵòҰס
С˶٣ջ֡
תͷ֮ǰԼǵűŮϡ
ŰĳЦЦԼһ˳ȥ
ո߳ݣԺһ죬Ȼһ꣬ݵСкһߵĸɲ˽
к΢΢һ㶣ŲͣƬֱ̣̼ݡ
ж˱ϵĲ海һ󣬺ܿóһŸɾײĴִ룬߹ٵСǰ
Լ˼㣬ǰơ
۾ǽź
Сƿײӡ
ӻЩ΢Ӧûжá
˿߸ո̫СĬ˺һᣬʵģ
к˵ͷȻֿٵĴްʶսȭͷ
СŬЩ䡣
˰죬ֻһԼӡ
ǸոշּҳǶʱ䣬ԭ鲻ãǾǨŭϡ
ǳԺȣָǳ⣬Լ
ԭһ»ͽź£ֱ쳳ͷתȻӵսľ
ˣĶ࣬ºΪǱˡԼѧɻѧСֺԭ
ǽ죬Ҳܹ⺢ӿ϶ûˡ
˱ӣܵɽȥ
ŵӣ緹Ҳûҳԡ
ȥϴ֡
СɫӵĿ˴һۣԸһ֮ݡ
ȽʰɾźãŰѶ椱˹һСڱԡ
ӣ椵۾ʱ
һûоܾʳ㽫ŵôģһϲı顣
лл
һڳ꣬СС¶һӵ΢Ц˵
Ǳ飬˵ʲôζ
ԡ
СԴ˰ӵݵ˶
֮ųŸոսݣһվڿߵĴ֣Է
˵ֶһ䣺ãѱӵڿϡ
ķԸ󱦷·˿ص˵ͷȻĶһ飬˿
Сŷ֮ǰһС룬һޱȵĴѡ
ΪԼ׼ĳʳ
С˶촽ȴûпڣֻǶ࿴һۡ
ŷô꣬˵ҲǼʶ㡣
Сⶫʲôģ
ǴϵʸУɢɬζһ۾ʳȫޡ
ôĺҲѹûꡣ
ֽǺ˹ֽһ˴󱦵
ȴ󱦾ܾͽԼҧһڡ
ʱһֿζѸٳǻ
Щ³
۽ǵƳһǵĿԼСֻӲͷƤپ׽˼ȥ
˲䣬ֻɤһۣ·Ǳʲôһ㡣
û
⸱ģá
ͷԵĶ̧ۣŸȻ˼£˵ͷ
С˵Աӡ
˵꣬һ£û磬ǽԼѾҧ߰Сӵ˹
ΪŷϯŮСЩȱľǳԺȡÿǡɽ亣ζȫԹ͢ȳӡ
˿̣ԼѣٿͬʱݵǰӣСӿһɾ
ô
Ǳ͵һʲôطʲôʱǸͷ



2 
ܾӵĺ⣬Сǿ°ѣʵڳԲˡ
󱦿ãԼȥݡ
źĵһ¾ƿ׸ףŸǿס׵׵Ĵײ̲꣬סǡ
͵͵ԭǮʱǡɱ·Ĵɩϼˡ
Żز֮ԡﲻˣһڶֳзȸɿʼСҪǮ
ССôûһ䣬˵ùø
һΣܿ죬ɥºʣµʮ鶼ϼҪߣʮǮҲ˴롣
׻˵ӼҲҧˡ
󼸿ǮҲ֮СҲƢ
ϼһοʼָɣʾǮʱ˷ּҡ
Ǵʵͷµظɻ²ܡ
ĸŽʱ壬ɲڼ˵ȻҲûʲô
ԣǴһ⣬ŶڣȴǴϱҡ
ΪԴӳ˻֮󣬼˶ûĹһǮϼһֱСǰǮСҡ
һ뵽Ӵ˺󲻽ûǷСźӣͶСԹ
ּңϼ̾ʹӦˡ
ӦȴʼСˣ˼ף
㵽СּҷֲʲôǷ˼ﲻʳ
֮ǰĵǮֶߵЩ
˼û֤ݣϡ
СôôҪˣ
ûˡ
ͿʼʰָǸҲסˣӾͻµϷӡ
ǹʵڿˣѴһ٣Լһ˰ڴ棬ʮףа˹
ڣտҲݣҲ֪ЩҲԵòˡ
Сҡҡͷ
²ƢС
ӶˣҪʲôǿ
û˵ǽǵı¨ͳԺߡ
ɻû߳ǱߴһϸĽŲ
ͷСӾͷɿܵĸǰһֵĿ
ɴ߬ס½ǡ
С̾˿
֪˵ҲҪǣԼһˡ
ӣ椵
СŵýëȴǿԼһ
Сһ˵ȥҵԵģһͻ椲£͸Թڼҵ
⻰椵һЩȴûҵͷתԼĸ硣
־ҪСı¨
֮СһＱȭͷԼؿڴ죬ƴҪչʾԼѾǴˣʲôֻҪڼͺá
Сȴûб⸱򶯡
ҿ˵䵭
󱦼ˣʹõļ
椸Ͻ̧ͷͣ˵
Լ˵
СĴСĻ˴һۣ˵ƾʲô㣿
󱦵ֽ˰С
䶯˰죬ȴȻû˵һ֡
ǰ۾ͨ졣
СҲһۣתߡ
ԭļ֪Ӳư͡
Ҫ˵вӦøǰŷͲ˵ͷʧ֢
СŮ˵Ǻ֮ԻΪ֮ǰҹݶȻ̮ѺӸ˷¡
ڳ֮󣬺úõĺӺȻͲ˵ˡ
˵Ǳˡ
մ̵ģԴǺӲ֮ͷȥĶ¶û¾ͺ˵˵
СϡǵãǰһʱǺӾѾܹ˵ܳľˡ
֪ôֲ
ź֮ǰǸϱôӵģ
ó󱦵ǺӸá
ղųԷʱС͵͵۲СһýʱżҲĳһ֡
رɻż£ʱʱð
ԭ䣬ʱȥɽϴҰʱʧȻ󱻻
һһҹмԭʹɽѰҵʱ򼸴ξȫл
ȴʼûзһ
˵ʱ⺢Ӿͳ˵ưˡ
ȥңҡ
СոԺţ첲ͱ˽ס󱦿ĿİͰ͵˵
ȴ쳣
СһӾ
¶һЦݡ
תס˴󱦱С֣ԼĿģЦеؿӣ˵ȥ󱦣椶һȥ

ͬʱ˻ڳ緹
ﶼһ룬ܹһ׵ײࡣ
Χŵзһᣬʢĺͷһһ
֮⣬ֻһJJ̣λ̲ˡ
ɾķңһҲֻӦ١
ٽѾûʲôˣæһǲµأҲٳʲô
ԣҽ緹ʱϺʱǰһֻó١
ʱ˭ҪǶˣͺһˮƭƭӣˮ
˵ڴɲӦûеĸ
ڳԲ¶
һӻûʲô
ŽΪ岻ãڼʰ⣬Ϲ
ϴҵСӣҲȥŴݣɶĻ֡
ټԴӵ⼸£ǰ״򲻶ÿ¶Ǯġ
ǼҪԵúһ㣬治¡
ƫƫϼеĿš
ǮֻҪҪǻǲܡ
Ǵ޽겻꣬С޲Ÿո꣬ȢϱǮˡ
ɺһ࣬ŵĺ
ƳһӣĬİѺ룬
ǣԼԡ
ɶʱˣҪȥȴһ˻ȥ
ϽԣٸС͵عϸȥ쿴ҪѩҲ֪ǻûгԵġ
ۿ˿ȥ죬̾˿
͵ȥѩûɲС
ɴӦţٵĽʣµһڵĨĨҪվ
ϼȴžһ°ѿˤϡ
عϸܹʣ²ڴˣǳɶÿסӣ
ô˵ɵʱ
ȥͣҺĿҷֵʳûг꣡
ûдϼǳŶ
ô˵ϼʱˡ
һĴȣ̾ͺɶ˼զˣֻжСӺ׵ģǴҰģ
Ŀɶͷû˻ôǵʳȣ
ǳҪһҰ
㲻ǣҲǰɣҲˣ
ƫҲƫȫȥĶϹǸֳȥĶϱʳģ
㡭Խ˵Խû¡
ӵվָϼ촽ȴҲﲻһ֡
龰ϼʵǾ̫ˣӵɶӣĿǺڵơ
һΪѵվ֮䣬֣һ֪Ҫôźõı顣
Сһһӣ󻹸Ů߽ʱ򣬿ǡþһĻ



3 
һǵŽ
˿̼˺Ͷϱ֮䣬ʴӣСֱǼ˾һ㡣
æкСզˣԷûһԡ
˵ĿƳǼɸɾĿ룬ĻҲ˵ˡ
СҲƽϣЦŴһ䣺Թģȳţùǡ
Թţԭɧƫ̻ϴһңǴûйһ
Сôá
ԾͲܵˣǶһˣĶָһӸĵģ
οҲûһҲġ
Ĳ˵ӷּңһֱԭĸûдʡ͹ȥ
СȻһЦŽһ¡
Ȼͼ
ǰվ˴ϱİۣ첽ߵǰһסӡ
ϣͣۺΡ
СɲΪ˿ġ
˵ָָһߵݣתŮ΢΢Цһ£˵ӣļҾãֻҪϧûС
˵ţҪȥ
ϼͱ
Ҳ͹ˣһĶСǼƷһһߡ
Ȼô˵ϼе¡
ȻܿͷӦ˹ʱŵĵԲ۾һܵǼǰסȥ·
С˻Ҫɶ
ȣ쿪֣ͬһְ㵲סݵķţΪţ˵˲档
Сͣ˽ŲһĿɩǷָǶİɣҴ˻ҼҸɶø˵
һ仰ҭϼ˵
ССϺСƽϣƤʳǮû˵ָǷӡ
˵ⷿӻżĻǮǵģǵʱھ˵ֵһһߣÿ߶䡣
ǻͻǴСһģһƫҲ
ȫ˶֪ģΪ⣬޹ʱ˼Ľ
ϼҪⷿӶˣ˵ˣ˵ĭҲܰ
ֻǡ
ǲǵķܶһԺкһʹ˻Ҫǡ
תתҪǼﶪɶô£
⻰һ˵꣬СԱߵŮͲˡ
һԲŮǰһָϼµô˵ģʲôмﶪ˼˵С͵
Ա߸ӸߵŮӦͣǿ֪ࣿӦ쵼٣ɸġÿ˶װףеöˣô˵ǣǿ֪Ⱥ壬ǲԸ磬Ƕ쵼˵ָʾɣ
˵ԱŮӣС꣬۲˵ˣߣҴӳ֧ȥ
ǸСһûϼıᣡ
껹ʮǰӴ꣬զͳɴأ
οǸղŴкʱԼˡ硱
ɶƢžһѻð̰ҵһֶ˵ˡ
ãֲɵ
ɶһϸˣҲûˣ
ϸĿ˿ǰӣһŷӦǰոշֵ֪ࡣ
Ϊûһɹûмס˵
߻ڴţȴ淢Ƣľſߡ
˲֪أϳɾȻ֪ġ
ôҵӣ¶ֵӸɲȥ
Ŀ˶ϱһۡ
С·ȫûиоһ㣬죬ƳƳһ¡
ͷ¼ˣ̧ȳԼһߵĶһ˹ȥ
ɱߵһ򣬳Ծ̧ͷͼ׵Ŵſʹʹ˸ɫ
һ£ȻȻӦ˹æȥ֪ǰ档
Բסϱ˵ǣǱ𡭡
ʲôʱҲûĺŮ˵οǲϤŮˣʱǳϺɫ
Ů֮󣬺ĻǿôҲ˵ˡ
ҲϽ˹
λ֪Сͬ־ղҴϱ˵ǱһʶǶѧʣмʶˣ˼ƽϡ
˵ţĵ˶ϱһֻۣûѡøֱ˵ˡ
Ϊ֪࣬СҲִ
ڿȻҲ˳ˡ
СϸĴһ£ǳһȻȻЦ
ȵĶ˵ɣѽղҲûϳ磬ллǱҪ㣬Ƕ֪Ҫôء
ĻҲ˳ǰһ־Ҫȥץɵ֡
ŵý˺üöҪγѪˡ
磬Ҫ㣬ǵҲ߲ش󻹲ôһǶæҺСһֱ˵Ҫúлл㣬ûʻᡣû뵽ôԺҪסһԺˡѽԺҿҪﻥ
˵꣬СһۣһڴĿɡ
ɱôţʱվ֪ôվˣεĲ֪Ҫ˵ʲôźá
ϼ򳹵׼ˡ
Щ֮ҫ˵޷Ӽ
ƾòһӶʵˣû˺ƽϡ
ʵҲӵĶǾò̫ˡ
ҵòʮ綼ġ
մڲǸɲĹ⣬һ㣬ɵģҲκεĴ
һװ˶Ĵ߸Ӣͦ˶
ʹѾӵĵˣߵ·ϣСϱҲģϼӦҪ
ԣ˱ȶӻýƽʱԶһ㣬߻ؼ׷ʸûꡣ
ںȻСôǵΧ˵ͣƯôܲը
ǣղŹɵһϼʵҲɶ˼Ǹþأѧﲻã
ƤӣһԼҲ˵ġ
ǻﻰĵɶ˼
ɶԺҪסһԺˣ
ΪɶҪԼһס
뵽ϼػͷݺݵĵС
СҲûҪǴյ˼
΢ЦĿɣ赭д˵һ䣺һû˵֪ĵطסɲԱ֪סȥ
֧˵ˣҲţһﻥԾʹӦ֪֪סˡ
⻰·һըף˲佫һȫըˣ
ϼɫͲ˵ˣҲ˵һͣܿ໥һֱۣޱȵΡ
Спٵһ˿ȻʲôҲûһ㣬ɫޱȻĳŮ֣
ȹҪûʲô⣬֪ᶫãѩˡ
˵ŮӦſ˹
Ӳס˭Ҳܽ
⼸۳žҪݣϼ׼ˡ
һѰϣĶſڡ
ɼʹٶٿ죬ǼҲѾߵ˸ǰ
˳Űڵķȥ˶￻ϱӻû߰ĶȻס
СһӳתͷĿȻҸĸ



4 
񣬷·ܹһУǿһ졣
˵ľǨŭĺݺݵ˶һۣȥĶʰ
Ŷã
ҲŪ
Ϊʲôԭһӵģŵܵܲڼң۸úСֶӣֶŮ
²Ҳˣĥֻ޲ڵڸȥ
Ҳ˲ϱôˣӲͷƤϼ־ꡣ
ϼôҲû뵽СһУ
û뵽Ů˾һվһӾȻûһ˰Լˡ
ȨӵĸоȰռֵķٻȥϼŭ
ʱһȥһקסɵ·ͺ˺
ҰѶóȥһԣ
ú괭ŴΪǸŮ˵һ仰ҪҶӵķ˻ȥɣզô˰
ˣɲͷһѡ
ƢٺãҲǸˡ
ϱôǰŸɣҲ²̨
ϼû뵽˻ᷴûзıƵõ˺ü
һ¿ͱѣ̺ûµģ۸㻹ܸɶǳǳΪ˭ΪһС
Ļû˵ڣͱһס죬ӲǸ˻ȥ
ұסȻӲ㣡
ҲǼˣţϼߡ
ϣ첲ϱǸŮץϡҲû֡
ĳְŮŵùǺǳţʶ˳˺Զ
СȻǸӡ
ֻԺ˺קʱ򣬿ߵߣǣ˹ȥ
Լһѱ˶椣˳ֻѹһСԴſԼļͷȥǱߵĳ֡
ڰϼסĶݣ㶵ĿǵҲӦٵ׷˽ȥ
Ժʱֻʣӣ֪࣬
ŽŵôɫҰףͣײ졣
ʶĳԼǱߴ˴գѾŵˡ
ʹţǱߵĳȻú仹ӵĿ֡
椽ͷСļϣ˫ĻסĲӣֳ˴ûй
û˵
סûκεı飬֪˼ʲôǱɵˡ
ֱСڳһֻ֣Сס
γһ˹ȥ
ֻԼ̫ѨͻͻҵǱһŵݡ
ʶĿԼϱһֻۣŮӼ첻ƺǰһˡ
ﲻͬ˵á
ղԼһۣ¡
ãԼʮˣ˵ĸɲˣ峤ûиղһ˲ĵӹ
ָоܱŤҲԼϱ˼ֹ˼ɡ
ݵĴٲȻһʱҲֹ̫ͣѨӲͷƤߵСĸǰ
ϱ¶㿴в
ŬǣҪһ΢ЦǺʧˣϵıЩŤȥҪŤжŤ
˵СûӦУֻǿ˵
ɵɫһ˲ĲڣȴҲûмƽϡ
˼˿ڣϱɩƢҲ֪Ǹʡ¶ġ˼ƽҲûʲô˼ġ
͵һӣⷿʱ׳׳סţɶʱҪˣ֤ѷҪ
ھҪСЦЦĿһ˵Ļֵӡ
Сָָ֪ǻŰأҲԺˣȰæĶʰȥɡ
һ仰µĿڱһۡ
˵ˣСε̾˿СǸ˵˼Цˡ
û취¶Ҳ˼ҡ
Ҫ֧˵˵ɣôɼҴɩǰң
ڣҲǸ֤ʱ˵ʲôҲˣǶ˵塣
⻰˲ŭ⡣
ǹϵĵ˵ͷУС㣬źأͱˣȥھȥ岿Ѹɲ
˵Ҫſߡ
һӾͼˣ
˵ʵҲѾͷ
ղŵһĻˣⶼǺǵ
סˣԴϱǸƢԣԺе֡
ҾҲûаʱˡ
ˣҲ˲õű˵棬⻰˵ˡ
СȵϱͲܸҸȨвУˣ˰ɣ
˵ƣ
⸱ӣȴ׵ļŭС
һӶԭǻκ˵ίͬ
ԣ˭˭ռˣ
ʾͿ޼ɵ˵Ķ
ȦһӾͺˣȻŴŵĵ
Ҳô۾ֱֱĿɺŽдί
Ҳ㣬͸һ·ɣ
˵ţһҪ¹ƣȴԱߵһס
С㣬Ǹɶˣɲ¹ɶί˵Ⱥڵ۾ѩģҶ
С￴ҪǮƵİµһ滨꣬ӣֻĶˡ
֧Сӣͬʱȴŵɷ߷ߵ˹ȥ
ɱĿվվˣŵæ˵ϱɶ··ģ⻰ɲ˵ɶί˵Һ϶
ԱߵŽҲ۵ͷ
ҪȥһѣȴСԱ߲˲࣬˹ȥ
˳ӣ죬һԵı顣
һƺ˺ܴľһ㣬ŵ˵Ǽûʳˡ⼸춼ֻһٷҶûϵǴӦҪúôӵģҲܰǸ˰
ĻɶʱǺ
ϰ֣ȥȥҨ棬װһӻȥ
ŽӦžҪ뿪
ȴС˵ӻأ棬أ¸أأжٿǣ
˲ϵ¶ֽ˰С
СһֲۣĿСС㣬ﲻǷ𣿡
С˿Ÿǽ͵ڳϸУѧУûǨڴûҵʳ
Ķ椵ıǵĻڸǵڲӣҲûڴϣҲû
СʱȻĵ˵ͷ
ʱ򣬳лںֵǮܹԹҹӦġ
˭һڳѧĺӣǨȥˣôǨش
ƫƫСرΡ
ϸаѧڲűҵڻѧУ
ѧУͣΣѧǶ磬ѧУᷢ﷢ʳҲûķݶ
һͥͨͼ˽ȸһڳʳ
Ͱ꣬õҵ֤ڳҵһĹ
ԺôҲǸˡ
ƣȻûҪСһѵ˼
Ҹղȥ岿ˣɴ涨ĻҪôùֵ֣ҪôǮҼ޹ʱʮǮȴɩҪˣּҵʱǾġ
ûҲûǮֻú֪ŻҰѷӽãһ°Ǯȥʳ
Ӷˣ볹Ҫ𣿡
˵һʱСһᣬθ࣬
󱦺ͶĻҲԼͬ޳
ǳ˺ëէ



5 
ֻ˵һƤ·˸˺һۡ
Щ²˵ֻҪ룬Ϳͷڡ
һƣ;ԼǱ˷ڵϲȡ
ϱŭĵСȻǰ˵Щ
ɶûеüŭֵһ㣬ԱߵŮѾըѡ
Уˣ˶ûĸεģС㣬զô۸Ǽʲôɷ֣ǵզ˻Ůһף
Сһг
ֹǰŮ⻹۸˼ҼǵСǵİɣѹУ²ôˣ
С㣬ȥ岿Ǹ֤ҾͲúί
סСĸ첲Ҫߡ
ˡ
ҪͱίȥŪû£
Ĳ˵Щ֪඼СᣬΨ²ҵ䡣
ǲŲڴЩӡ
Ǵ壬ϱЩ¿϶Ҫ
׻˵Ϊ󣬸οҷ֮ǰڴĿڱһֱҲ
˼ӶˣǰѹŮͼòһŵ
ҪǱ֪ҵĹŮסϱһ㣬Ϊ
ǱǼҸȥģͬʱǾڳԵĶû
˼һû˳ŵǰѶǰµһԶŮҲ˻ȥ
ǣϱνֶԷڣ
ɵǸϼǾ̫ˣ
ôҲǾ˼СڣŶҪ˸߿һ۵ġ
Щ¶ôֶν̯ǰ˼ָָܲס
Ҫˣϱٱϸӵñӡ
һ˶øųԹ䣡
ϱɩܹ鳳ܣɲ˵
ɻæߵС֪֮䣬ڵס˵߳ʹգգۡ
˼ԣҳ󲻿ôҲִ
Сôһף
ͷҲû̧ӡ
ֻţʱʱĻһѹֲסʡ
һܾί踺صСϱ
󱦺Ͷ椶ڴ˵Ļò̫Ƕһ㣬Ϊ˸ҪԵģű۸޵ġ
ּʱ龰ﱻû£ʲôûҪ뿪ҡ
ɾˣߵʱҲû˰Ǹš
Ǽһ㶼һ
뵽Ӷʱ⼸ȥסܵİֻۣú׽һ㡣
ǰһСǰ棬һĵɣǱ飬ֻҵСһģһ
椣ֻСĨĨſǻСһȰޣޣ椺͸粻Էԣۻؼҡ
ǻһһ·˵˾Ķˡ
С֪ģҲ
ԱߵŽһ¾Ϳ޳
ҵĶԲ㣡ûпҰ
˵ţȻתŶߵķӼ˹ȥ
ȥ׳ͷкãСһڳԵģҲԷˣҰɣզҲҶһҾôû˰
һ仰˵Ա߼˶Ʋסȫſ޳
ֻûڶ
ֲ⾿ĻǺ޵ġ
һѽԼ·ΡΡϱһߣ˵һ䣺ȥ
ʹ̤˶ᣬۡһŽŸ߿ˡ
Ǳ͵һ
Ȼ˶һŸˡ
Ȼͼɼȥһ仰˵ȭͷԼıǼȭ
ȭͷŭ⣬ּأôԶԺļ˶ܹɵƺ
žϼһУǸɶ
ұ죡ԴûйŴϱ
˵꣬صĽŹϣȻһļɹ
Ҳֲִ˶ӣǶӺͶϱ˺һ
ĳֳ˺ܳʱ䣬ļõսľȴҲûһ˶һ¡
ż۵۵ص󣬽ŴϼѰٻĿ޺
Ȼɴ˳
ֱߵСǰһ־
ùɩǺôܻҪǮŮᣬ沼䳳Ҳܵ棿ˣǮպãԺɶ¸˵Ǹ
ô˵ţСȴ˺ԵĿ
ȻԼĿѾﵽСҲٶǷǡ
ӹ־ɸм˵һллȻֿСǡ
֪֪࣬࣬ҲˣҾⷿе㲻ʺŮס
ûû£ҵط
̿ΪѣŮƽĴĻ
˵껹̲סͷȰС̫࣬ûϵǲԸסȥ岿˵ұ˼Ҵ
ϼֻ޲жԶԶ˭Ըյǰ
˵ⷬæĸ뿪ֱǵıӰʧɲųһ
Ҳˡ
Ѱ꣬СҲҪ뿪ȴ洫Žĺȵȣ
ͬʱתͷȻͼŴʳӳ˳
ΪСŵԭߵõײײ̲סΪһѺ
ӿ죬һܹȥ̫̫ӹľһȻҪԼϡ
ȴСӺһѽ˹ȥ
СӹȴûټŻؼҡ
ӷһߣڳַڴ󱦵Դһʾ˵лл̡
һ㶣˲ǵͨ죬С΢΢ţȴûз
ˣ߰ɣذɣԼлʲôл
龰ŽＱǰʹţϱΪӡ
С˿Ϊ
ڴ󱦵Դϰһ£ظ˵лл̡
ܵȴŲ๡
䶼Ϻɫ
˵лл̣
סСĲӣһеĿŸ磬ظ
СԴǰ̽ţҪȥ󱦵һ¸粻ﲻ˵ı顣
лл̣
󱦳ıĸ֣˵꣬СҪʲôҿһۣѾӾſܡ
һߵӶ˲ˡ
ǱӰȥëмܻûһֱϵϳɳغͳơ
ҲӦеͯ档
С̲ס䴽ǡ
椷ڵϣʰϵ˱¨ٴҪ빫ŵ̧ۿȴһƱϲı顣
󱦻˵ˣŽǶģ㱣Ρ
ţͻ˵СƽĽһ䡣
˵걳¨Ҫ뿪
Сȵȣ
ɽסȻ첽ܻһ֪Ķչ޳
չȻװ޵İ棡
չСţȥްٽӣٸͣ
춼ڴ˵ˣҵĹԣ£ٸǰ⣡
״Σȴ۽üңﶼڵסĸмϲá



6 
ڳţ߳ûһֱһ߶Ĵ󱦾ܹСϵı¨˹ȥ
סˣչ˴󱦵
󱦶Źİ棬һ£ȻϾ͸ֳŵľϲ
棡棡Ծô
ѽ棬棡
СҲֺεϲøȾԴѧɵɵظһ䡣
˵꣬ԼȾЦ
һһޣ˵ߣؼңԣ
棡棡棡棡
Ȼһؽһصľϲˣȫ֪ҪαԼ顣
ֱɤһһظ֣ƺԱĿġ
Ҳûһİ
ȻҲȾ˶椣ҲҪСˣܵ󱦵ߣԴӸǰա
ڿĶҲЦü䣬Ŵĺ⣬⣬⣡
棡棡棡棡
⣡⣡
СɵӰ㣬һһ֪ͣһ麰ţִЦ쳹˻ؼҵ·
ڵ˼ҡ
ȻܵеĺӰסСһ˽ݡ
Ϊŷ¹ùãǳȻǼõġ
ֺ֮ã˿̵ΪչʾһԼı¡
ֻǣĿ䵽̨ǽеģֻбһ׶ι޶ʱСϵЦٴʧ
ɸΪ֮
һͣûвҲȻ
֮ǰ˵ǰٽӣǰӳҪҲвС
ЩǼûеģԾĽӸĳ˸⡣
СɸⲢʲô£ûǣɸ⣬ôͷҲԡ
Сҵ̶ȡͺڣõĽҲ
ܹŷһ˾ͺˡСĵһ̾Ϣ
仰һڣС;ǰһ㱡
ӦʱȻԼһΪϤĻ
ľΣľĴ齣滹ԼַƵʡڴԱߵĹϣٳǰĺɰ
С̲ס۾
ڹסǼӣ
Īǣ֡ˣ
СĿʼͬΰһ顣
ԽԽΡ
Ϊ֮ǰҪߵĽûǶչ˷ӡ
Щ˶ǹŮ̳Ŀ϶ʲôض
ЩֵĳʳΪƵ·Ь࣬в֮ࡣ
ЩС֮ǰ빬ǰʰģ˿Ǿ֮ͬǰһİڷеϡ
һ֣⣬黨ֱȫͬոճ¯
ЩϰΪʳСʶ˿ڿˮ
һʱζж۾
θȴˡ
һֱҪԣĿȴ˷ڽһչϡ
Ǹװһţ顣
֪ʲôʱ𣬹óĹǿʼţϴ衣
˵ʹǷ֬
Ϊƹŷ¹ùãСЩɵס˵Т
Ȼ˰ݳ޵ţԡÿܻķһСķпյʱ棬֡
ʱ䳤ˣСҲϰˡ
˿̣һţ飬ǰӹȴݵöҪС
̲סʶ̾˿Ҫܰţȥ޺ȣǾͺˡ
䣬Сһ㱡
ٴѹѾվƾɵ
ǰ̨ϺȻڷǹ޿Ҫţ飡
ŵý˺ü
һ˲һƬհףȫȻ޷˼
һ̽˵һҪŷ
ת˲䣬վԼСݣĶԭò
Сһƨ˵ϣþõأþõ޷ƽϢԼĵĿ
֮ǰչ޵ĵطȥѾÿһ
ǲζԼ԰Ķ˫壿
ЩϸĳʳͺǾͿںóһʱﶼɤӵĴˣ
뵽Сʱ
̸⣡ֺó׿˻һϲ
黨ִˮ㣬󱦿϶ûгԹ
ʼð⣬ѾƲסĿʼ뺢ǼЩóԵ֮һĵӡ
ɾһ̸Ҫȥʱ򣬳һ·˻ȥ
ȻʶҪЩȥûǽͣ
룬СߵŵĵطһóѼ
ǸŷͲ˵Ĵ֪Ҫ͹ġ
˵Լģ֤ͣԼԡ
ŷʱ䳤ˣСں⼸Ѽ
޷ǸжһƬģֽ˹
˿̵ޱȸл
ͬʱޱȰûƽĳɢ
һ뵽ôóԵĶ͸СѾͷǣС;Ķǳģ
֪գĲ˵ôҲûͷﰡ
ͣ
뵽Сɵһ
ȥŷĬһ䡣
ǰһ㱣ٴλ˵ط
Ŀ
Сǰ˸ǿǿſҪɤ۵ģ۾
ǡ
۴ͻͻģֻһƬ
Ҫȥŷĵظһ顣
ǰƬûθı䡣
Ҫûϣˡ
һʧ䡣
סɡС̾˿
û䣬ǰĳѾֱ֮ǰ
һΣޱ̵еļҵȻֶһķ֣
ΪѾȷҪС˰ھһСլԺ
Ϊŵء
ССû˸ĸ̸
빬ǰһֱںߣϺ񺣻Ϊ
һ빬ʮ꣬Դ˺Ҳûк̼档˼ȥûܿһۣˡ
ǸСլԺС˵뱲ӵˡ
ɵʱ򼸺ĻҲ˺ö˼
լ޺֮СִΣóµĻὫԼõĶȥˡ
˵ӣһЩĸ֮⣬Ӧȫǿյġ
ڣСȴȵķ֣Щ֮ǰ͵լϸƷ»ص
ڴͷŹεСһûмĺľϻӡȻڷլӵǰ˰ӣ
ܹλ۵ӣСֻ˶µˡ
ֲĸ棬ĸΣ
ڴߣ亹죬ԽԽң˴㶵ģͬ˭˶䡣

ڴʱһϤӲԶСһݣڻ
ȥ
ѹ˵תۼ³
ϴˣ
ϴøɸɾĺų˽һ˽СĻ
ųԣ𣡡
Сǰ˻Σ˵Ż̲ס˿ڿˮ
СһӾͱȵСģЦˡ
Ƕ椵һͬҪ
Ҫôļ򵥣
ã
ǵôŮ޵ͷ˵椿ųԣġ
ţģ
椸˵Цۡ
۾ģгһž̲סϲ
׿ųȥһģһĵŮޣСֻ֮ǰĵ׵Ƭ˲ɢ
ʲôϵ
ӹòҪġ


7 
С˻𣬽ĺ£ţȻһˮ˻ա
˿̵ޱңԭûһɵʱѼеĶȫҵױ
ôƽʱõĶư֮Ķȫ
óһ裬ҨȥС棬˰죬ƵֵȥһСǴֵɤӵĺ棬ˮ裬ޱš
椣أԱ߹ɰջСʵ
ȥˣ˵ѩ࿳żﱸš
ΪСȥôһˣʱĶ椶Ѿȫû֮ǰ;裬Ŀκ
Ķ̲סŷ
СʵûסͷһȣӶͳ֮ǰַŽȥǣٵС
㶣˶ɵˡ
ƺһʱеûڸʲô
ֱζǻС۾һһԽԽ
嶼ýӲˣ죬һ־ﵽ˼СȴֻˡһҲ˵Ļ
óԲ
⸱ɰģСҲΪԼçײˡ
СＸûʲôСЦһ°ͣŵϡ
Цеʵ
ŻιȻȻͳؿ
Сһ
Ūˣ
æ椵֣ȫһ顣
ûСҡҡͷ
Ȼҭ˵ģˣ磬ûˡ
Խ˵ӦԽûڣ˵صĿ޳
С˰˶
أС
Ͻִӿڴóţ椿
椿һۣƺȻһžСԣһԡ
ԭǳԹˣϡĶСֻڼ
죬Ҳġ
ʣµǿǷŽС룬öûݸţСõ泶ƬӽˮƬ
Ƭⶫ˵򵥣ʵһʦİװˮ׼
ǷǷζҪƽͷͷ˵ʮ¶˵ꡣ
ڣ˵ƬǾֻƬ棬ҶӶûС
˷Сһı¡
ڣ֮ǰӹסûѼ
СһֻϸϸгĩٿʡһΡ
Ҫ֪ʱҲҪǮģĹ㻹ڹ硣
죬ôԶ
ֻ룬ͳ״ͷ
ʣµǸƣȷʵͷ˵һ󣬿ž˴Ρ
С᲻þôŵһˣгݣʢһС
ڵƬ̵ƣп۵Ŀ
ͷ˵Եһٷ
Ȼ̸ʲôζȺܳԱˡ
ӿûСЩź
ǼֱԵͷ᲻̧
ãԣ
ϲԼſ˵Եʣ󱦱߳Ա߿Ŀİķظ֡
Ӧܹ뵽ģͷİ
Сһ֮ǰһֱ׵СΪԵúһ
촽ཱུģ۾Ҳһ˿ˮԵ鶯ޱȡ
Сŷ֣СӺͶ椳ҲǴ۾ͦͦıӣ˵Ҳһꡣ
̲ס죬֪ôģȻǸԶڲӵŶһ˿档
Ǹ˵Ǹʲôģ
Ӧò
ȻҲôÿӡ
ԭļûǸ˵ò
Ͼֻڳɻĵ˼ڶžͻ˲ӡ
ʱԭڸ׾Ҫȥıʹʲô˼ȥע˾úòÿ
С룬бڿͷ΢ЦſӳԵͬʱ˳ԭļ䡣
ֱһֱӣ۾Բ
һ㵵ı顣
ǰɣǸаҪˣ
ѲԺ󲻽Ҫӵĺøһɶ֪عѣ
ʲôӴ
뵽Сɫˣ˲ޱȵС
飡
ʱȻһ
С˵󱦺Ͷ椾Ѿͬʱ¿ӣߵߵ˳ȥ
Ȼܿ죬椾˻㡣
ң˭
˶椵ĻСҲ˲ĵˣֻ֡
Ҫ֪нˣҵģһֶù
Էʱ򣬻˭
ʶһ壬˵ǵġ
ˣ
⻰СҲ˲ʲôˣ̾ʹӿŶ椳š
ԺڽŵĵطҲ˵Ҳ˽
վŵǸžװҲգЦһûһĺ˵ʲô
Сһȴѹһףһ仰˵ô棬ȫ¶д˷
СþһĻ
죬¶һڴʱѵһĴ
ɩӰɣҽи߳磬Ӫ¡Ӫ̫æˣز˼ҡҳݼٵʱ￴ͺӡɩӣܽȥ𣿡
߳磬һǸ졣
ûСʻԼͲӰ㣬˵˸
˵꣬󱦼˼۾
Ժ󱦣ſڣȥӣ
СæкͬʱɿѰŹһĻļ䡣
˵ҵˡ
ռ˵߳ҪŸԸԸźһȥӣ
ԭĴǲԸ⡣
ΪʵһֱûϨȥϴѧͷ
ڵĲӣںԶı߾˵Ŵ󺣣ǵжʱд̵Ŀԡ
ԭ⿿Բ־塣
ĽǸ߳ʮǮ˵ŵĽԺлỹǼġ
ʵϣԭյǸ˵һǮ
ڵĲûúͻᱻսУ³սͲˡ
˺ԭŮɨǵǳʵˡ˼ֱЫ
Ҳʼ˼ɣӣðҹ͵͵Ķϼۡ
ƫƫС
ûжãһƺƴ˶Ϳʼˡ
ΪڴﲻܴʿҲûаԭʲôæ
ոտʼˣҸĸþ취صܾͱҿˡ
Щһ֪ԭʱ˸ĸ
СԺΣĻĵҲٵȫǿӡ
ЩеĽƱûҵĿȴȫˡ
ԭܲ裬ڴ
ҲΪˣ󱦲ŲòССܵɽȥҳԵģʧ塣
󱦵ԭ˾޴Ĵ̼һжԼܺ˥
Ϊ˱ס椵СҲΪʧö˯ţңԼɽϽ
Сһֱ˵ֻ߳ý˿ڡ
ɩӣӪ㣬ԸԸӣǡ
Ը⣡
ȸ߳˵ĺ壬С͹ϵĴӦˡ
û뵽Ӧôʹ죬߳練һʱסˡ
֪ʲô˼ҴźȥͶ¡޼漦޹湷ҼȻѾ޸ȻȥĶҺͺӾ͸ĶĻ㿴ܲʲôʱȥʣ
СƽĽ͵



8 
С֪ԼǲܹǸ˾
֪ûˣͺǾʧȥ̡
ԣԡ
ԭԸȥԭǶδ֪Ŀ־塣
ƫƫ
Сںꡣ
Ƭɫ˵ǻǣӵĵط
˫壬СԼûκơ
ڵҪѧѾûпܡԭûµظɻľ飬Ҳʲô֡
⼸ʮǮǳŲ˶õġ
Ŀܻصԭĸޡ
Ϊʲô
ĽҲ޷ԼϹȥҲȲŵ
ɼʹֻҪںСſ˫˵Ķӡ
ܱҪǿĶࡣ
߳û뵽Ȼ˳
֪Ӫ˵Ǹ֮ǰʵѾ˻ᱻܾ׼
Ͼǲڵλȷʵ̫ƫƧһΣԡ
ӹȥģûмԸȥ
ûа취ˣսʿפϱɼˡ
£Ӫ֮Ի̽̽ԭҶ޷ºڼί
뵽̲߳סĴһСߣһͺǳ׽Ĵ󱦺Ͷ椡
˵ĸӡ
ΪһȻˣȻǰһ¼
֮ǰͽʱ䷢¶Ūˡ
֪ôί֮󣬸߳ԭΪԼĿ϶һȺĲ⣬ԹŮˡ
û뵽ǣÿź󿴵ľȻһĸТĳ
ɩӣһȥ͸Ӫ籨Ҫ֪Ըȥ֪أ
߳ид˵
˵꣬ƺСᷴһ㣬æһ䣺ɩģǲǱȻλƫһ㣬ǳԵĺã
ǲܳԱÿ춼ܳ⣬⣡
С
ںܶ꣬⻰ˡ
ֻӣûʲôֵĽġ
ֻ⻰ȻҴֻ죬¶һĨǳǳЦ
ǾڼҵϢˡ
УɩӣҵŶ̹˵
߳缤ͷ
һֱ׼ǵʱ򣬲͵ԴѽɩӣҶɵˣ¶ˡӪҸǴǮ
˵Ӿڴóһŷ⣬С˹ȥ
Сȴûнӡ
Ÿ߳ҡҡ֣籨ҲҪǮģǮͬ־һҰ¡
ĵ籨üǮʮɩӣҪʲô£
ҪǮ߳ԭȰ䣬ȴֱĻˡ
һ»ƱǸҲ֪Ҫô򡣡
Сһ߻Ů֮ǰʱЩţһ˵
֪ﵽפĲӺԶ˵𳵾͵ҹ
֪ǸĳǸʲôԭҲû
ԣƱʲôģ˰æͱΪԼˡ
ô˵߳¶һȻı顣
ˡ
СɩӾ㿴ȥ󷽣ǴӴطģҲϾᡣ
£û˰æҲΪˡ
뵽Ҳƴǣ˵ͷСҸӪϵһ£ֻҪǱˣҾ̸ƱֻǮ
˵Ǯò꣬ȴһαСϡ
嵭ȴݾܾٲ
˳͵㶫øȷأܰʹ˼ң
߳类СϤĿǸ˵һһġ
ǸоԼӪ
һʱûȴ
ڷӦ˭ʱЦе㾪̾ѹֲһ˲һţɩӸӪĺ
ɩżꣿȥԼСϲ١
һǼġ
ͷ˵˭ҲһǮ˰껨
аǮƵģ
ʮǮ
̲סһ
ĥӪһˡ
ͻ͸ޣǰ󲻹һڵĹզȢôõϱ
ƯĻ˵ȣؼĶӺá
Ϳ󱦺Ͷ椺ȾҪԼ˽飬զҲⲻģ
ĵأö
߳簵ȭȥҲӪ籨ˣɴҸܴ绰ĵطѴЩºú˵˵
ɩ˺ãҲܱô۸
Ӫ˵Ҳе
ҪǿܵĻҲɩӸǰӡ
һʶģһõŮӣҲԼܽܡ
˸߳磬СԺӵİϲûж
һ庮һͻ˾úǡ
Сȴȫûиоһ
ǵģ̫Ҫ룬ݺѡ
ȻҪ뿪Ǿ̫ĶҪǰ׼
ôĹ͢£ܵϰߡ
С£СҲµͷæҵ龰
ղŶ椽һɤӣŵСٵĴӹķ˻
Ҳûй˵϶롣
йˣ̲סʼĥԼ⵽ôһ£
֮ǰ龰С϶Ǹ䲢ʵڵġ
ΪôãӲûһ
Ҫ֪ŷʮ룬ƽſֽ
οǸϣӦѾˡ
ûסԭĶûߡ
˵Ķȴֶġ
ڻǹţ飬󱦣Ҳʵʵڳǡ
СۣҲ벻Ϊʲô
˴Դٶ롣
ǿʼĥôĶﾡá
ҲزȥˣҲǷţóһڵ
䣬ݡ
С˼ʱߺȻ˶椵С
ͬʱһļϡ
С̧ͷվǰСһϲĴһĨЦ⡣
Ȼ֣ﲻʱ䣬ԼЦôȻǰһ껹Ҫࡣ
ãǻݡС»󱦣˶椣ǳ˵
֮󣬴󱦿ӿ϶˹һִ룬СĵݵСǰ
۰Ͱ͵Ŀû˵
װ˰ˮð
СһС㶵ʱյġ
ӹŵһڣȻȻˮе˿˿ģһɵǵζ
ȵɵ㡣
Ĳ⣬æһͣ˰һԣۡ
Сһʱ䲻֪Ҫ˵ʲôźá
Ӷͷ
йģͬʱҲڲסֺá
빬һʮꡣ
ܹһСģǳգġ
˵ⵥһ۾ܿ׵Сӵ˼
֪ôӵģ
˵ϱûж
Ϊʲôӱ˵ӣôС
ָоС뵽빬ʱӣܾԶǻƣһСľͻ
ǿҵĲ־˲ʧȥͯ棬켳ӪӪֻôȥ
Ӧóϡ
ûǻ׵ųԺȣչš
ô³
Īû֮ǰڲʲô˵ί
뵽Сԭûжٵĺøֵ˼֡


9 
˽¶С롣
Ǻܿͻȥ֪֪
ӦĥôЩԵĶǫ̃
С֪ӶǼϻ۵ġرǴ󱦣Բȴ¶ȻЩ֮ǰûеĳʳ޷ȥġ
ԼӵеҲܸǣֻһ
ˮһڴ󱦵ԴСִӿڴһǣŵŴֽһСһ
ûзӦҪ³ʱѾĿڻˡ
Сһʱ޴룬ᶼҪ
Сֽ󱦱Լãĺϰġ
ӦǴûк׽ڱһ̣˶סˡ
һСľͷӲģֱͦͦš
ȻСϣȴȫҺͨ죬дŲִ١
Сӵ󱦵Ťֽ˹һһҽȫ§˻
ų˵ԺĲʲôԳԡʡҲ᲻áۼУǳԵġ
˵꣬һڴϷóһѼ̯ǿ
۾Բˣ
Ҳ˲ñŤˣֻûСĿڴϡ
Ȼûпڣǻ˵ɻıԶԲˡ
ү֮ǰЩⷿ޸ǵʱûдȥ
¶Ҳûб֪󱦺Ͷܰﱣܣ𣿡
ô˵̾Ͷˡ
뵽˵ּңѵµǮȫߣһҲûиǣǲҪ¡
ȥүֵ̼һǮӦҲҪˡ
ԣ
кöԼžͺãǧñ֪
رү̣һӡ
󱦿Сһʹ˵ͷ
Ȼתõļ򣬽ָ˴ߣһơ
棬ҲסˡŲҲ˱ƣСصĵ˵ͷ

ڶ죬Сѵĺ硣
Ӷ˯һεĻһǸӡ
ѹ׵Ķȫһ顣
Сڹʮ꣬ȻС
δŮõЩϸ̫ڹأû·
ЩСŮʱܵЩܹóõġ
֮ǰڹСŮʱŵ·ɫϸģȫóһģס
ȻЩ·õͷеãԳ¾ɵɫ׽͵ͨ
ӡлһɫȹ椸ĸСްҲǾ˵ġ
ްҪЩĳòꡣ
Сһţһ߰ҪĶֵĵطźã뿪˷ӣֻһס
˵⻹ǵСһʱֵ¼ܡ
ֻҪĬһ£ý뷿ܹҪĶó
ͲҪԼȻʧпˡ
Ѿ΢
˷ѵͣС׾ŴͶǵ㳿⣬ϸϸĲš
ǰ󣬺󱳣ӣӲһСһС飬ĥҪôƴղŸʣԺȻһ
Сŵļ̲ס
е㻳Լˡ
ϵģ˭
øŶҴ
ССû￪ţ
ʱ洫ŽĺȻȥǼ١
СæӿСܵſڿš
զˣʲôˣ
ʱ̽ͷſڿ˿뿴ûи
Ȼһˡ
զˣզԼˣ
С￩һ
Լȥһҳ˵ɶ°ɣ
ǴҪȥģʱǧܳʲô۶ӡ
뵽Сһͷۡ
ϼһӿʮǮƱȸһ⻹ܡ
ĪŮﲻˬڳˣ
Ȼ̫̫ʮ¶һεԸҲôԼ
Ƿʰ
СԽԽ̲סĥĥ
Žʵǲɩڣѵˣ
˵Ŵ󲽾ҪߣȴŽһס
ûΪ⣬¡
СϱǱ˸ƵģȻԸͷˣ̫̫һ˿οΪеסСĸ첲Ͱ
ƿţڿϣ˯С˵ģһͼΪ̹ģ̫̫ϸ˼
Сڿβ£һֱ߬ýʮǮġ
Ǯ֪Ѿ߬˶ãȺģһ㳱⡣
ţ͹ġŽｫСǮֺ£Це˵
Ǯ
СҲû뵽̫̫ϹСŴܹȻΪ˸Ǯ
æȴ
֪СҲţ㶫
ŽƵһۣȻС͵սˣЩԵģ˶ʮǮøɩ˵Ǯ¶ͰѳԵˡ
˵ˣԺټǮҲȥȡˣԺ󶼺һȥȡȸһ
˵̫̫̾˿Сֱģǰίˣû£Ϊˡ
Сһʱסˣе㻺
û뵽ھȻܹΪͺһ
ͶϱԿڱ˼˵ܸ¶Ը񣬲֪Ҫô尾
ϾԭļһֱҲż͵͵͵ʳ
İûʲô
ȻҲԮ¡
֪Ϊʲô״ôת䣬ڵΪСůġ
룬Ž˵һһ¡
ʹӿȥݡ
ԵתתʵȴǴԼС﷭һõҰƤ
ƤӲ󣬵ʤںʵ
Сǲ˭ʲôʱ͸ˡ
ƤٴλŽûȥԻϥɣϺкô
Ž￴Ƥֱһ
òãţôصĶọ̈ˡţͺá
ŲľҪơ
šСһۣƤ°Ļ
ָָڴ̨ϵ᣺·أȱǵġûȥԼûǸ㡣
⻰˵ĺмֲŽĶȴ̲סжĨĨ۾
֪Сϱǹô˵ģô˵Լûˡ
ȻͺںƽϣԼ͹ȥһ
ϱǸˣ
ŽĬĬ߶һ䣬ָ˼֡
ԼҶԲס˹Ů
úõĺӣΪȻûˣٲô޵ǼңЩ࣬Щ
Ƶ÷˼ңԹ˵µĺöԼôһûõӡ
ŽԽ룬ԽѹֻҪϽȥͷӺú߶߶
ͷȥдţЩ¶˵˵
Ժ󰡣ɵúúõƴ˼ҹŮ
ˣͷǡŽĨĨۣӿվ
С˵ͷȻȻ뵽ʲôæ˵
ˣУУ
ոտڣֻ˵һ֣ͱŽˡ



10 
Ҫ˵ʲôСʵ
Žû˵ǽ˻ްĿڴ˰죬ȻСµļ
룬ӳԵ㣬ԼҲԵ㡣
˵꣬Ž̾˿Сĸ첲ݵġӲţûԵ˾ȥҵҪɩǻûأһڳԵģզҲǡ
Сļһʱе
ԼŽ˵ʲôôߵģǲˡ
û뵽ڻôԴԼ
ǸʳʵСû̫Ĵ
һԭļǳе¶
Ҫԭ˺Ȼ˵̫ˣһʱ˷¡
ү̵ϧûʲôֵҪȥмġ
̫̫ղŸʱȴ˵ԼҲԵ㡣
̬Сóûʲôα˵Ļʵġ
Բںȴе㲻
СӼ𣬵ȥˣǴСƨɺ棬Ŀİġ
̶ܺãҲޡ
ϾǸ£һͺ޲ðȫľռˣûʲô˻ĶһСӱֳ谮̬ȡ
˹ǸǲΪӪС΢ֻܱסһСܰʱ
ܱߵһˣ̸ϸɵˣҲû
ʮСʲôǿԽĵġ
ӵĮľ裬ʲôмǿ
˽ύ̰ˡ
̰ÿ죬ܽ
ڻԴԭǰ㣬ֻǸĸ͵ʳСúҲܰġ
ȻԼʾãá
е޴롣
żֽ˽ʶüͷһꡣ
͵ʲôȥ
Ĭһ֮죬ȥݡ
СȰ֮ǰֵһСʯĥĻҳһ״ײ꣬ĥϸϸ档
ȻСһû𴲣½빬Сݣ·ŻȥչҨ˰ţ顣
ٳǰ룬˳˼ϵ̸⡣
ЩķСƺܲʱţȥˣȻ·һ̸⻹΢΢ȶȡ
󣬽ţ鵹̸ְҲ˽ȥС˼ѡ
ͬѣ״ȥ֮ǰøԵǸɺÿ̫ˡ
ջ𣬽ϣСͻȥ𴲣ϴ
æٻʱѾˡ
ȡѣŽ̵ģС˵ϡϡİٳǰȥһһ˴εļ
СһոսԼʰɾѿã׼ȥæʱСѾ緹ˡ
ȥù
Сһ߽ʢ軹мװѵڰںõĿϣһ߶Դ󱦷Ը
Ǻһȴû֨
е֡
ҪƽʱýСһﶼܵ÷ɿ죬ôˣ
̲סתͷվڿϵĴȥ
ͿСһȫľվ۾ֱֱöϵĳʳɵһ㡣
ȥš̾˿·Ը
ǺȻӦ˹ŶһתҪܣȴСסק˹
ϿţԴϰһ£ͲٴǣԼתȥݡ
磬۾ȴ·ճǽӲӵһ㣬᲻ø
һһƮģ·Ŀʵ磬۳Եģ
򴽣ûп
ҲԼû
ϾôôóԵĶ
ҡҡͷ
ĿһƮżİɢŴûŵģζѡ
Ҳûμĳʳ
Сݵʱ򣬿ľվڿߣһûжȫſӡ
ȥСƨɸһƣīʲôأһˡ
˵꣬ѣһһԼʼʢ
һĹȥСһڷӦ˹ȫٵ˿
ֻҧһ֮󣬶椺ȻĿ
СͣĻü
ûʳڣСѾͷȻ䵽ߣıסĸ첲
ɣβѰɣҲѡ
СѾͷްϣˮܿ콫·ʪһƬ
СеĶտһִŶ椵ŽƵһ߶
һڵĺĸǰŲ˵һ䣺˯ⶼ˻ѡ
һߴͷĴ̲סĳ֡
ɵһ¡
ӵ֮жûֿĵĸоˣ
ҧһڣ󱦵ֶʱ˴ߣһˡ
ֻǿڼһ㲻ɤӲ˵һ˿˿ģûгζ
᲻ʣָֻоܹͣһźá
ֻϧʶһûӦѾ֪Ľǿȥ
󱦵۾Ҳ
Լرõ˼
һΣһСľͻѹ֡
С׾Դϸߣһѣеͷۡ
ΪʲôԸ緹ȻܰӸԿˣ
ԵĺЩԳëˣ
Ӧ̫ˡ
СﰵԵ˵ͷԼжû
뵱յʱҲȴ󱦴٣æҪйʱʱĵ᣿
ҵ¶ɸɡ
Сܾ˴Ҫɻ򣬰ԭļ䣬ӿϷһ˻ҳľӡ
һǺܾûжˣȴܹоõԭ˶жӡ
СȻһѻͭСԿס
ľ䣬ȡϲģԭеĿαͱʼǣһ㣬óһԼװСӡ
Ь׵Ĵ߽ɫëֽһġ
ֽѾ˻ƣҲеƣȴĹһ߶ûС
ܹóôϧ
СӴ򿪣һɽ̲ġ
ֽëдǳԵĴ֡
ȻЩ硰ˣڣ֡򵥵֣дü߽ǣһ֪ǳ顣
֪ԭĸдԭõģҲ֪һ֮ͻᱻЩѼҵ˸ٵ
ԭΪⱾϧĸﱻ٣һ󲡡
ΪԴðŴѩܵɽȥҳԵĶ
Сָֽҳĸһ飬ﾡá
ʾãɾѲ̯Ƶ˵һҳ
ָʵЩʶ𣿡
󱦳ɵĵ˵ͷ


11 
ǰ̹СĽһ䡣
С˵ͷûиожԾ
֮ǰѡгȥϹУĻˣһֱ֪
Ի̴֣Ҳ֮С
أ
ʶȴ󱦿ڣ椾ȴ
š
СԴĿȴ󱦣ý̻ᡣ
˵꣬룬һ䣺һ־С
椻Сѧôۡ
ȥ֮СûȥעжྪжˣǽעٴηŻ˲ϡ
ַһҳָ֣һ۴󱦣
㡣
Ŀ
֡

һֱӷ˲һʱ򣬴󱦲һ㡱Ͽ˿ǡ
СʶдһпհҳҵϣдĲֻ࣬
Ŵ󱦸˼֮󣬾ͽԸÿдʮ顣̻ýĹΡ
˵꣬ͶǣȥæԼ顣
뿪ıӰһʱе㱡
·ܵʱսص˰ְʱ
Ľյʹӿǻᣬһޱϵֽ̬д˵һ
Ϊ¹ùãСȻнȥ֮ͲٶܵϰߣԼȥݡ
̫Ҫ
ڽǿƤŽʱȻʶԼҲҪһĻϥҪһƤͲ
˲֪Сں֪߳ĺˮж̹ǡ
ڵλþ˵ůͺܶ࣬Ϻʱ򴩺һб޻ġ
ֹܹʪǡ
һΣСûǰֱӽã۾﷭
ѹ׵Ķһ飬ջС⡣
ҵһѩѩףûһɫƤһֺĺƤ
ƤȥС΢һӸһͲ㹻ġ
ֻƤƷʵ̫ˣͨ˼ܹõġ
Сһ£Ƥëһ淭棬ôֲס
Լƽ޹ʵҲרȥ鿴
ʱ÷ɿ졣
ЩСÿڼз·Ӷʶ֡
˸Ŵ󱦳ȥ˼ز͹β̫۶ζȴĳʳ֮⣬ûгš
ת۵￪ʼɱ֪
Ȼϣ춼ûŽٴÿԺţһһصĴ⡣
ǿ⣬Се㸴ӡ
ûȥɣ⼸ʰʰҪˣò
ǰ߳һˣСѾӪͨ绰ˣǱѾݽ⼸ͻƱ
СѾʼˡ
ϱ˵¶Žһ¡
Ҳ˵᲻öһ㣬ǻϲһ㡣
һڲӴƴ಻˵ϧչ˵˶ûС
⵱ģĶв۵ģ
Ȣϱȴûü»˲ӡ
ǸȥĿһֱģٲʲôʡ
֪ϱԸһȥϢ֮˸˼ˣһʯͷ˵ء
֪ҪôʾԼļˣϧϱֺɥܹ뵽ģҵһкöԺ͡
Ҫ뿪ԽԽ֮ǰǵ㻶ϲֿʼı䵭ˡ
Щ죬һ뵽Ҫˣ´μ治֪ڶ֮󡭡
̫̫ҲƲסıҪᡣ
ƤҲǳˣ¶ˡ
ҲЩӵദоԼϱĺá
ȥ䣬˭׽ȴǸ۶ʵġ
ӱϽ⣬ԿҪͷӣŵ˲ٵļá
˵ЩŻĺóԵģЩƤëЩʵĲϣǻЩûùġ
Խ룬ŽԽ
߾Ͳˣ
ǿǵɬֵĵСһۡ
Ͳˣʰ·ϳ԰·Ҫ켸ҹ׼ԺǿҪզ죿û˸ţ˵˵զܷŵģ
Сǵ
ŬסԼûȥࡣ
ÿߵеڽˣ֪ôģ͸̫̫һúԼ׵òС
ǰſˣ˵żڳŵļơ
Զں˽ĵСܲϰߡ
֪û⣬ֻΪкøвŻô
ٱŤҲֻҧӲͷƤ⡣
û˵ĵط̲סе㷢
֪ҪôܻԽǷԽծ
ҪĴᣲˣıӣ
һ뵽ԼµĻ֦ȸСִͷ
ãҲܸ»
ԺҪԶǰɡ
Сһ˾
˼ҹΡ
ŵʱһֱôڵ飬Сˡ
ڻصþ˵ŷ
ֻϧȴȥĴֻŷſλõǸСֿ⡣
ֿΪ˷ƽղʳƷʱ
СӸǵġ
ԭ¹ʱʱЩƽղԵĲȣҪȥֿȡʱ䳤ǵӲˣٸŷˡ
ŵĴƽﲢõĸָɻζƷЩСף棬˸ż뻻ζſõõĶ
û࣬Ǽٷ衣
Сһɹ˵ɣ̲סս
ǰĪĳһɢģģƤڴ񶡴ӣ
Ȼֻ룬ɻǿƲס˿ڿˮ
ǰ·ѾСһŰӳԵһϲı顣
Сɵ̾˿
ɾ˲ʱȻо˲Ծ
֮ǰһֱɣôǰʧˣ
ŵգգ۾⶯˶ָɾ뵽գȫӰ
С˼£һ˼ͷȻ
Īǡ
Щʵڵģ
ǿ԰ģһĬţȥҪȥ
ȻϤĻ㱸ٴϮŬ۾
ֻϧǰֻһƬڡ
Ȼڿϣ߻Ӿȵĺ
Сһţ۵ֳڵʧ֮ɫ
ԳЦЦ
ʲôأôĺ£
룬ҲֻһΣ
Сٴαۣķ˸׼˯ȥ
ƫƫʱմȴһʹǱʲôһһ㡣
ȥȻһͣŵۡ
һ¾ʹӿ


12 
¹⣬С֮ǰʧٵɴ˿̾ͷԱߣ֮ǰ⿪Ҳӡ
һǰһһЩϸɲˣϡ
˵ٵĬȥֿ⣡
Ϥѣ֮Ըֳ֮ǰĻԱߡ
ʱһǵصĿϲӿͷ
ָоԼھסСûһ㡣
Сһ״ȥһСף̲סڱǶˣʹ˿
ûĶ˿̾Ȼŵһģ˿Ʋסѵ
С̾˿
ֻ޲ܹ೤ֻ֣ðЩͣлܣȫ
ЩͺǻںܳһʱҲȱԵˣ
Ȼֿıֻܹ࣬Ĺĸ
ɣֻＸԣٳԵʡԸѿ϶㹻ġ
οϾҪȥôҲǶӰɣ
뵽СϲļֱҪ裬ֻʵ̫Ҹˣ
˵ܹ磬ʵġ
˳ԵĲһС֮ǰҪá
ǰʱȻһЩҲΪԼĺ˴㡣
ǣôޣҲ㲻һųϹŮʵ
ʮϹŮ޹ʣҸ˴պϣôԺѾעҪ¶ϡ
ЩԭС֮УҲʵ
һң˭¹µһ˹һأ
ڵһҡ
˶ŮȻܹʶ
ȻûҪָ˭С飬ܻǹøζһЩ
Ǹûмš
ûмʲôۣ
ʱ˵ɡ
ˣС졣
ܻܲ꣬˵
ô࣬Ȼ
õսľӣ̻СԶȥΪûзµǡ
ǰӹã
ԭжԹС˵⡣
رڡ
ôһֿıء
һΣСûǰһʱŻԭλҪʲôȡ
̰İܹõϵͶ˺öȥ
֮ǰҪ󼸴εŷûгɹ»Ŀһ´Ҫʧأ
ֹغ֮¶СûСΪ
֮ǰĵطźãͲѾˡ
һΣСû˯ľͰǽ
ҪˣǰһѼʲʰʰɨɨ￴ȥġ
Сһ˵
󱦺ͶǴӲӻģ»ȥûСһ
¶Сһǻȥɵġ
СǷ˹ö椸һʰһ£ɵһȥɨ
ǵȥѿ壬úѣͷٰѿŪˡ
ٳȥǰС⽻
󱦵˵ͷΪ˻רȥԺһľ
ȻڽǸûм֮˵˻
һţһſ˿ϣסСĽžϡ
Сǰûзıôһϣһûӿˤȥ
ˣȥŴ󱦵ļʹһƣ
磬ſ
ɴ󱦾Ǹûһ۷Ź⣬þͺҪһûãǸʹקСĽס
ﷴֻظһ֣
ˣˣſңԼ
Сһͷۡ
Ȼ֪ǿ֮ǰصĶҲ֮Ҫһ緹ԣɨӵԭ
ɷ־ͷˣôҲû뵽СӾȻܿܳ
౻קöҪѾ˵ĽףС˿
Сһţܵ˶ݡ
Ϊ˿ڲ࣬ǵķӲ
һݣһңֱסҷС
ӸСסңڵǼһֱţֻǺҵĶѷһЩõĶ
ղô󱦴ɨľ䡣

ݺ󣬴ɿ֣ŵŵŵܵ˿Աߣָ棬촽ڶ¡
Сʵ˵ѾǰöˣɽŻ̫ڼʱ򣬻ǻ˵
һΣСûǿǸŴ˹ȥ
Ȼ滹ѾˣڶĿܹü͹޵Ӱӡ
Եģ
ŹĶ椿ЩȵĴһ
Сͱһס졣
Ƶһߣ󱦾ĵһۣȻСԱߣ÷ԸͿʼѶá
үѷŵģүã
ڻˣ˵˳˺ܶࡣ
ǰүáСҲŸ̾һ䡣
仰Ҳġ
Ͼԭŵʱ򣬶ԴŮҲ籦
ǲħˣԭ֮Ҳôҡ

󱦽һһó֮󣬺Ȼٽ
Сջ˼첲ڿ֪ʲôɵе㾪ȡ
ϷŶʱΪСһҵȫġ
ʲôأеʵ
ӡ
˵ţһӾٵСĸǰ
ǺӲ󣬴ʱȫңȥͻͻģԭɫ
ⲢСŽȥģӦԭͱ
üָǺϹŵһžɵĻͭ˵
Сһ¡
ʶԼĲӡ
˿Ĳϴһӵ׶˨һСľƬ
ڼԭ֮ǰһֱָǺҪ˵ЩʲôǵҲû˵
ԭһֱҲһֱźĵط
СʱӻԭĲϡ
Ѿ˺ܶ꣬е㿴ԭɫ
ڿӣܵĸоܺǸľƬйϵô£ȴȫûӡ
Сǰȫһ飬ֻϣҳ϶ɶġ
˰죬ʲôûҵľƬôһ飬Ҳмвӡ
ĥ˰죬ҲûȻ
СľƬʱ򣬴󱦺ͶȴЩԵĶһһ򿪣ȥȫһ飬Цɵӡ
СһɵСĪҲŸ
һʱҲȥĥǺˡ
Ȼ֪װʲôСⶫ棬ɻ
ǳųúûע⣬ɿĽľзŽԼķ䣬һ
緹Сݳ޵˴ͱ
˰࣬һһѼ
˷ʢͿСһӶҪˣ
Եͷû̧ƽСͣʲô¶浽еĶ椣ҲûһǺӵ¶
ʵǹ˲ϡ



13 
ȫ̱ڿϣһûж
ֳԳ˵ĸоʵ̫̫ûиܹˡ
컹ô𣿡
һſСϡ
СקקСҪ𻰣ںС
żҵģżҵģ籨
һ˽Ժĵžž죬ɤŴĺš
Сһ£һŷӦӦǴ岿ġ
ƽʱиʲô£ȫ֪ͨ
ܴ󣬲СӦΧ˼Ҿȫˡ
ͷûм˭Ҳᷢ籨
Ƕ̲ס̽Դ
ֽӰ죬Ҳ˻š
椽ץסС½ǣȫǾ֡
û˵ֻ죬ಽĸ
Сӣڶ椵Դࣺû£ȥһͻ
˵꣬תͷ󱦣ַ򢴦졣
ʶɿ˱ҧöֳѪӡӵ´С˸ŰοС£ȥȥͻء
˵ô˲ֳ˲˼ı顣
סӣС˼š
Ȼȫһµı飬ȴûбֳôҲеš
߳ǰ˵ˣǱһ׼߾͸Ʊ
£ʲô籨
ǡʲô⣿
СһֱСģǴȴһ㿴
ʲô¶׵˴￴ôڹɲǰ׻ˡ
˴岿ſڣӭͷ˴ӶҴҸϹ֧顣
С޸ţǣߡ
Զ֧ǶһΣϰԵĶһ
˵ŷ籨ˣ㿴û˵ɶ
Զģ֧ͳŵʵ
ûأүⲻҲûȥ𣿡
С΢΢һЦѵõǫ͡
Ҳǡ
֧˵ͷָָӣߣһȥ¶ɶʡ
߳ػغüˣ֮ǰСҪȥϣҪȥ¶ڴѲܡ
ӣ֧ҲǺСһĵġ
֧鶼ˣ̬ȶʱǰ˺ܶࡣ
СŽȥһӳСǩ֣Űһŷݸ
Сһμ籨ȻҲǺġ
ǰɫ͸ֽŷ˺ü飬ұߵĵطҵһڵλá
籨ֻ࣬ж̶̵һУѱעⰲȫ
мķŶûС
Сüȴû˵ǶûмǦӡּúϸ
Աߵ֧չһһٵĽһһ飬Ȼʱϲչüۡ
Ǹиģ֪˰
Ϊ˵Ľˣ֧̲סҪ԰ڡ
ָŵ籨Աߵһҫ
㿴㿴ţɶʱôˣϱŮûȥأͰж׼ˡ
רŴ籨˵ô
⻹СŶٴź·
ɲǣ
鼫Ϊĸ͵
Ҫ˼ܵأ֪ϱͲ˵ˣ˼ж
¶רŷ籨дô֣һģǮ
˵֣Сȴûп
˵Щǲġ
֪籨ҪǮɲ֪ǰշѡ
Ҫ֪ղſֵʱ̲ס룬һǸ³çĸʽ֪
ôֱͨͨһУϾ䶼ûС
Լ
һ̣СȻͶǸûм˶˼ֺ档
Ҫⱻ޲ڵŵǸʲôӡ
Ȼרŷ籨˵ʲôҲôǡزܡ
˱صļҾߣʵûãưСҲϸϸĴ˰׼ȫȥ
⵹Ҳ˭̨ǡ
Ѷȫһ㣬ʱҪνЩڲֿĳԺƷأ
֪Ҫߣʱøˡ
ʳ̫̫̲ˣɹĲ˸ɡ
˼Ҳִ֪ĶѰ鲼ϸϸĸ˺ü˫Ь档
ЩСûƴǡ
ÿζǵ˵棬֣صķŽ
ͷ̫̫ﶼ̹ˡ
ϱӴԽ࣬˶ԽϲҲԽΪ֮ǰܵЩίе
ȻСûǰ˵ϼһ֣Աţ˶ǸϱĿˡ
ǡԶ
֪ϱȻԸΪ˶ȥôƧȫĵطҹŶСֱһ⣬ֻ޲ܰĶʸ
ǿϼ͸ֻʣ
˰ɣҪǿ˭˳Ǿ¿ȥ
ǰֻֻҪϼ̫־Ͷһֻ۱һֻۡ
СȽţǾ;ϱҪ
ǵһ¾ŽջȨ
ƹżǾͻ˼ĻȨ
ǰŽ岻ãϼָɻķȫ¹˻
Žһ䣺ϴҵ̫ѳԣӶˡֱӽݵԿ׸Ҫ˻ȥ
ͣϼҲƲסˡ
ȥæȡǮ¶붼롣
ƫƫڵϼʵѾû֮ǰôˡ
ϴС֪ߵǷû˵ҲǴ˳ȥȫ壬żʮɽ·ǱߵĴҲ֪ˡ
ţ۸ϱѾˡ
⻹㣬һŰĴñӡ
ϼϲԣܻ˵ġ
£ñӣ;һ¡
ҲʼһСŸɣԼԲ˶ߡ
ԣŽⷢĹܼȨֻҧˡ
ǣۿں޲ðѼҶˣĶҪˣҲް취

ϼľС֪֪Ҳ⡣
˿̵ĥ׼ҪԵĶ
ʵҲû̫ӣɵסŻи߳ĸֺơ
ʲôر࣬Ͷ˰
ʲô϶رһɾ͵϶ǮԲ𰡣
ú׼϶ᱻڻϡ
ǣСѵõľġ
ڣæµȥڵҪ뿪һ̡
˲ͣĨڣС˴ǵ⳵˺͸߳Լõػվ
ΪûгԶţŲ֪ô͸߳ģǰݼ٣һ𷵻زӡ
ҲСûôŵԭ
⳵ոڻվڵĵطͣ߳Ͳ֪Ķ˹
ɩӣƱ˵ţһųƱݵС
ȻһȥϱӣһЦż˵аͷ𳵲أżҲûʲôôϣϳ
˵䣬󱦶ѾȺ⳵߳Ŀ֮ǰЩϡ
ʱĿ࣬ĻҲ˵ȥˡ


14 
ֱ߳Լġ
תͷСɩӣӪ籨ϲ˵׼𣿡
С򴽣ﶫٷŻˡ
Ҳô࣬զð
߳һͷۡ
ͼ˵ʲô⳵Сһ¸첲öɩӵ
һ仰˵ø߳糹û󾽡
СͶȥǸȻһƳæ˵Сһ𣬽һվ̨Ͽ
СźӸǺ棬ȴе㾪ȡ
֧СӣӴֻ֪࣬жӡ
Сʮߵ䣬Ǹģһ·ϼûпڡ
Сû뵽ʱȻԼ͡
ȻòҪ
Ӻ͸߳˰˺ü˲ŽЩᵽվ̨ʱҲѾʻˡ
˲ͷϵĺҪ뿪ȴСס
Сбŵİ﷭һֽȻóһð΢΢ѣ
ģţӡ
һǵͨ죬æȴҪɩϳԹģ
ͷȻٶˣ˭ʳҲࡣͰ˵ô˼˼ҵѣ
˷ҲţôɩӻûߣͲкˣ
СѧŴŮ˵ӣһֵĿ˵
Ҳ֪ô˵ϲʣûкô޴򽻵ľ顣
Ըڴ֮ͥΪһ
е㾪
֮ǰҲʶСģɶӡһڳŮѧ
߽۸ڶ
û뵽ӴȴԼΪǸӡ
ȻеС
Ĭһ£ֽӹѣȻСЦЦɩӣͷ͸̽׵ʱǰţһǣ
⻰Դ˼ֳġ
ϳ߳罫Ǵ԰ᡣ
һĸλ̣һ߸š
ʱѾˡ
һʮ꣬ͷף۾һǵ¸صĳߡ
һʮͷˣӦӡ
һ˴źӣŴСæ֣߳Сӣⴲǿյģ࣬һЩ
߳糯мĵлҲûƴǣ˵İ£ǰһѴСסˡ
˲ͷĺóһ´ɸӣˮƿС˵ɩӣǵġʰţȥ㿪ˮ
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С˵ͷ
ʵмֱ
֮ǰ߳Ѿ˵ϵ
ҫ˵ŶͣȻܸ㵽ԵĳƱ
Ҫ֪Ʊɲ˭ģмƵġ
˵߳ȫǳݺ
Ļ˵ҪĸԼⱲӶûлһԡ
˳˰ᣬʶҪȫȻİƷյĻҹҪͬһҡ
С;ĳ
֮ǰȫû뵽ġ
ɲҵʲô̶ȣȴûбֳһ㡣
ٿڶƳɺһũСϱ
Сʰһ´̣󱦺ͶЬϴ
Լó֮ǰû߻ڴǵλãķ
˴ڨ
ղ⼸˽ʱԭΪʲô쵼ļ
ϾƱģͨˡ
ɿһرǿýǻŲİƤﲻɵòһ˿ġ
ƳһǸͷũֿ˿ûм棬ϴСֻԼ֮ǰ϶ۡ
뵽ҪһȺ˴Ϻü죬ܻСһǵڣɵüȸһ
ܲܰһֵģû˻ڿ𣿡
ͷĶŴǸ
˲ð
С̧ͷո̵Сͬʱ
ŵһ̽˰ӣίر˱С죬һ
ڿƳȻҲû뵽ẰһɤӣҲһ
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˵꣬ͼȥ椣Сﲻ°үү
á
Сվ椴̱ͬʱ󱦣Ȱˡ
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󱦴ԼСóְ÷СȻҲ
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椣ҲɵǦʣŸ£һԼıĻ
ٴαð
ŶΪһ仰˹ɵſддƳɺ̽ͷ
ȻͿ޵ıϾȻг˺ܶ⣬ЩѾ漰㡣
Сһ±ûһ㱻ס˵ı顣
ʱþＫˡ
תͷ˿Ǹ˽ٸ
˵ٸΪ׶ӹɴһҲ
ҪƳ˵ŮӿܱԼŮҪСһ㡣
ôӵģ
ֿ˿ǸСŮ޵ıӣȻȻ̲סЦ
ͼǸСޣʱһ֧ǦʶűϻŵСѼͿɫ
ѼӱͿ˺ɫëɫĽƣȥֳͯȤ
СѾͷ⻭ʲôɫѼӣ̿ʵ
Ļͣ˱ʣԼĻ˿ȻҲүү˵Ķԡ
ֻһ֦Ǧʣרи߳Լġ
̲ס죺˵Լϲͺá
ԶԣԼϲͺãƳɱùЦ
һЦһߴͷ߷ŵĹİóһʮɫĲɫǦʣ˶椵ֱߡ
СѾͷͿͿϲ
߹
ƳɽǺҹϵ˺ô󾢶ŪĲɫǦʾô׵óһ²СѾͷãʱýг
־ҪȥãȴƳһס
ҸСѾͷõģ㲻Ҫܡ
ǡ
ǼִԱߵĴѾֽǦʺƵƳɵֱߡ
áٵĻش
˵̲꣬סСһۣ˰Σһ䣺лл
ô˵椵۾ȻǦʺǻƬ̣ҲǸص˵ͷţ椲ãлл
ĸ˵ĻƳû˵۵ȴ˼͡
ûȥǦʺУת˻⡣
ָָǰıӣʣ˭ģ𣿡
̸߸ߵͦСظȫǽ
ʮĬش𣺡ģҸأ
ﲻ֪˭˻һƳɺ̲סĿ⳯С˹ȥ
ƺͨԴӽһֱĬԵŮ˾Ȼͣ
Сü
û뵽ΪʲôȻԼϣ
һ˵ûС



15 
ۿŶһֹǳӣСе㷳
ͷĹӣװʲôҲûпֻǼ˼
ھʱ򣬰ű˴߳ˮˡ
ſڲд֣Ͷȥ͵һƳȻˮƿԱߡ
̶תͷС˵ɩӣҿͳǱ߿ʼˣҪȥ򷹣úǳд
СҡҡͷãҴ˳Եġ
߳Ϊ᲻ǮƱæͣɩӣƱأϴεǮ
С˰֣ȻԱߵİóǸָֽ̯ѳ߳˻Σ׼ˣԻˡ
ǽӲӣɢĪѣ߳ʶ˿ڿˮߵĻҲ˻ȥ
ղɩøӵʱͿˣŵ̵ζ
ʱͲ˲Уֻʵû˼˵
˿̿СȻ׼ô࣬һӾûȥ򷹵
ֺ߳ǺǵСϣյСԱ߶Ц۾
ɩӣȥ򷹣ȳʡ˷ˡ
мƲƲ졣
ٺõͷдװóԣ
οϵķǲҪƱģ㲻ø˻⣡
ûǮûǮ˵ʲô˷ѡ
ͷһȻӴߵİóƷУƳڵ˵߹ȥ򷹡
Ƴɻڿ⣬⻰Ҳģֻĵ˵ͷ
СóһСݸ߳磬ȥˮȻԸӽʰ
Ҳûţǽֽ˲ϣִԱߵһȡڵĹͷƿ
͸׾ܹóƿŵĶǳõ̲ˡ
һƿǽ˿һƿǳײˡ
˵ȫƽʱϰռҼһ׼ļҳˣɲ֪ΪʲôСóƿӣȥȴ˸ʳ
֪Ϊͷŵöࣿ
ǳûã
ûšƿǣŵƳɾѾûס˿ڿˮ
ССĿռø
СҪö֣ͣһ¡
ٴδ򿪣߳˽
Сóһɫӣˮӵֲøɸɾ
ԼҲ֮󣬲Žһ˷һ
˽ģ߳һ£ҲˮԼָϴϴ
ţСӰó˼ִ룬˫ӣָǡ
̲֮ƿ򿪣ֱǼһЩ
ֱ꣬˲Ŀ
Ƴɿ֪⼸ЩСĶŵʲôˣ
ôҲû뵽Ȼܽ
һʱСĿиǴ˼̽
ɲϸ˼ӲǶζѾ˼·ȫˡ
ƳǹΪĸ߼ͧʦ֮һǹ
һרעѧо̫İ׷
ΨһϲĿ˵ʳˣȦǴҶ֪ġ
ϹʦܹϵĹҿ϶ϡ
ǰѵʱ򣬿˵Ƴڳⷽ棬Ҳûܵʲôί
ɼˣҲþúþûгԵζˡ
ôһ䣬ǶŶСѣӶβ
椿˿үүٿ˿ԼѣСĶҪͳһš
һίƲƲ죬鲻ԸĽѳƳɵ˹ȥүүԡ
Ƴһ¡
βŷӦԼղֻųĻ䣬۾һֱ˼ĳʳˡ
СǱ飬Ƴѵõľһ
ããԼԡ
æ椰˰֣εֻ޲Ҹȥ
һĻСĬĬ̾˿
תóһ룬һ˫ӣݵƳɵֱߡ
˼ңⶼǸɾġһһɡ
˵ţһ˫һѷŽǸ
ƳôҲû뵽СȻԼһ
оŴ£Ҳ֪ͷʳ
¼ģҲûмóʳдˡ
ܸѶ棬СŮӾȻ;һԣ
Ƴɺƾһ£ɢζʵ˵Ļ
ŲһӾͲµˣǲţ̵ģ
ţ̰ûкȵˡ
Ƴ죬ĬĬ̾š
򷹻Щòøǳ԰ɣͷ˻ϣĵضԵҲס
ƳοԼȻ˳ѡ
һȥҸ۾ĵ̾˿
ζ뵽ʱڹѧӣ
үү
ղүүԼɫǦʡ
ȻûҪǶ椻Ƕһܺõӡ
үү룬ԼһԷ̽Լ˵С
Ȼرİʢ̲˵Ĳƿǰơ
ƳɴҲ𹫿мһЩ
ǳһڳˡ
еϸϸ˿ܵһִ֬ζ
Ĳ˹㵽ԵĻͣž׽ʱʱܴгԵһǰֽĿ
ǿʲô޴ӷֱ棬ûζأǶͻٵڻ
ˬ񣬽ζݽǻ
˺޲ʼŽҪһ㣬һ㣡



16 
Ƴ̲סüë
ϸĿ˿ס
ſ滹źСģעͻᱻԵ
ŻȻ̲סһϸ
Ȼܵǰһӹñȴ˶Ҫºܶ࣬ƳҲû̫ࡣ
ϾˣŪҲǺġ
Ȼ̲˶ôȷʵѵãҲ˵ȥ
ûۣǽЩ˿
֮ǰƳɻĿ˿˿һըýֵĴûпʲô
һڷŽ׵ľסˣ
ζ
ЩھǵϹӣжûгԵˣ
Сʲô
Ƴ̣ڻûסСʳ
С΢ɼü
е֮ǰûгסһԷ
һǼģܳԹĶҲȳ˶ࡣ
ܹԳͬҲܹԤġ
⣬ǸԼһ鷳
Ҫôͣǽ˿ӲֿóĻǺ¶أ
Žġ
ֲָ񣬻J̡
ӹһСʵ޷ʡ
⻰ܸ˵
ɩӣ˿İɣ֮ǰڲӾӪ˵˵رó̲ˣÿɺóˣ谡ҲûԹóԵ̲ˣⶼ
ûСڣԱߵĸ߳ͼ˵
˵껹ּһڷ
ԼԲֶΪ
СֻЦЦͽ˹ȥ
ѧԨԴѧԨԴƳɲɵ̾һ
˳Եò˵ʱŰѷ
Ӽ϶Ǻó򷹵˿϶١
ŲϳԵûʣѣƿ̲ˣ̲ס˼Եá
üǿŵĶзڳİ߲ϣȻһһ򿪡
Ƴ˵߹кأϽ԰ɣҿǷ˰쾢
Ƴɿһ۷УȷʵʢŲ׵⡣
ȻĿ󣬸һ㣬ɺ⻹вٵġ
˺⣬滹аӵĴն
ͷ˵ˣҪƱ
ҲҫһӲ治ʲôʱܹ򵽵ġ
Ƴ𹫿꣬ķӵСһЩ
رǺ⣬ȫǷˡ
ãУ
ѵõһǰ˵ô֡
һ˵һվͼķ»Ƴɡ
ǳԣүүԲꡣ˵ˣүүղҲǵĶ𣿡
ƳɴȰĳ󱦰˰֣һº͵˵
󱦺Ͷ椵ĿⲻԼͬĳС˹ȥ
Сһ£΢΢˵ͷ
ǷѾӵ˻ȥȻʡ
ֻǣҪΪ¶ռ˼ұˡҲûбҪġ
һۺĺ⣬СĬĬתӰȡһǵչޣùȡһҰӡ
˼ңԡҰӵݸƳɡ
ȻֻͨģɹɵҰˮ֮ӹĲӡ
˿ܹóֺɣҲ˼
һ㶼ֲڣҲûиҰеĿɬζȥģ¶ˡ
Ƴ㶣ȻŷӦ˼ڻԼأ
ȻŮǾԼӳˣռԼˡ
ЦĳС˰֣治ãҶԱˡСллѻ̲ˣá⼸ԹóԵĶ
СûкȥϰߣƳɲҪ׼飬׼ջ
Ȼ󡪡Ͷ˸߳绹ӿ
Сһ£תֽӵݸ˸߳磺ԣ
ллɩӣ߳һûĹϽӹĶû
ҲҪ椺޲ðѴٵԼԴϡ
ӸղѾ˲ˣڻûɶĵط
Сǻʳ룬ͽһӴһΪ
һ
Ƴɵ۾ٴճβˣ
ôҲû뵽һͨҰӣȻǧ
ƳɵĽǶȣĿǰӡ
ܹϡ
ǰװ׵Ӧ񶡣ƳɫӦ⡣ǽӲӵɳ״ʲôкɫģһһģ
ƳֻץӸεܡ
ǸоΧһͧϵо˺Щ죬Ƿֲ˴ʱһģһ
ãϸĿһ⼸춼Ҫ˯þˡ
ǸƳɿԿĿ˿ڡ
ʮˣû˾ȹ
ϱţ龰һһ䶼ĶˣȻΪ˵ԵӶҪˡ
뵽ϱ۾ȡ
Ƴɤӣּ˵Ǹ
ճڣһѾŽǰ
ӲţٷžͲóˡ˼Ҳһǰɡ
Сջع꣬Ƴ䴽ǣƽ˵
Ƴɶʱ֪Ҫôǻźˡ
ôˣ˼ҹΪ˲Ӳô˵ģڸ̨أ
죬жֱͷ
ҲûԼΣ̹ϵ˵ллСҪǲңҿ϶ҲҪһġӣͷҿˮҪ!
һ仰˵ĳһ±Ƶ˶Ц
ΨСȻֻǳ䴽ǣû̫ı֡
̬ݣƳϴôЩ꣬¾ʱĴҹ㣬Ҳûмܱȵù
Ƴ֮࣬Сļӵĺ


17 
һУںóԵĲǰȫҪ濿һ
ȫöԣǳڱܣƳɵһʱѾӼŽ

Ӹһڣ۾ٿȻϴҲñֱƺͣһ¡
Ŀ͵ĶſʣµǰһŻʼľ׽
Ƴɽúǲκһζ
˺ܳʱ䣬ڽһȥ
˲Ųһ
Ƴϸʵʱ򣬸߳ʹڴڰѲӳԵøɸɾ
˳һڣһ䣺óԣ
ӼֱǰųµĶӡ
Ƴ̧ͷʱ򣬱ȫˡ
СģƳɴŲ̽ʵ
ǡС˵ͷ
Լ׼·ϳʳʱܶ˶ˡ֮ǰһЩҹ˹ȥ˱ˣҲûбҪġ
Ƴɵ۾˲۳ĹʣСܲðһ䣬𣿡
С㶡
һʱе㲻֪Ҫôش⡣
롣
Ƴᣬæͣģ֮ǰھǵʱһҹ͢˹Եζĵġ˵׵ʦĴˡⶼˣҲûгζʵ̫˻ˣ
˵ţ·ֿ˵Լ̫̫ʶʱһ¹ʱĳһʱдĶ࣬еʵ˵
Сû˵
Աߵĸ߳ȴˡ
λͬ־˵ʲôأ⻰ɲ˵ɩӼڴԶҲȥسǣĶȥʲôǰǼҿƶũ汲ֵΪģ׵ĺܣ㲻֪Ҳܺ
߳ܲƳɵЩ˼
ڲӽôͳжȻǺܸߵġ
ǣͥɷֵ¶˵ģ
˵ɩӼѾ飬֤ףҲסڱܻ
رǡ
߳һһԣͱԻ˲ϳ˵
һ뵽⳵ϻôģԼɲܿ˸ɩӣӪһʲôˣ
Ƴɵ쵼ԷŻר˴ӹĸ߼˲š
ЩһֱΪҹרչˣʵǱ̫ˡ
ȻҲ֪仯ܴ󣬿֪͸ܻͬоġ
ԣ֮ǰûʶԼһʱдǰСﻹļ˴鷳
߳һ˵ȫˡ
ˣԲסԲס
С֣һҾ
Сæرܣؾػʾء
Ǻ׸߳˵ǷһЩֲ׵ʲô˼
ֻС֪߳һǺ⣬ڰԼ
ɫĬĬЩȫҸԼһһҪŪףЩԺõϡ
ѾΣСǷ׼Ķе̫⡣
رĴ󻷾
ʣµļҲûóʲôʳˡ
ֻһЩͿӣм󼦵
Ҳڲپܾ߳飬ȥͳһЩ˻Դʳһԡ
Ϊ֮ǰ߳˵ǷԿóСǱʣµʳﲻˣƳû˼Ҫһݡ
ÿ򷹵ʱ򣬶һЩõģָӡ
ʱôƽȵļţڿҪгյվҲҪȥĵطǡ
ǻվվ̨ϣź˾Ѿ˺þˡ
վڵûеģªʯϣͨԶҲ˵Լ˿̵Щʲô
ˣڴ
Ӧöһɡ
ǲȷ˵졣
û뵽СͬϾ뿪ǰһǳɴľܾԼ顣
ڽӵ߳绰ʱһʱ䶼е㲻ԼĶ䡣
Ųɵ˸֮߳ǰڵ绰˵ЩедǷš
û̫£ֻ˵СźǾҪˣһҪ˼Һá
˵ǺӲף˼ҹᣬûг۸
˵Ҫü֪Сίһ
ûа취졣
˵ʮˣдһֶֻĹ
˻ûžͼȼ˹һ̬ģ˵ĵȻ߶߶˵ôࡣ
˭Ҳܿͬ
ԼСϱڼ˴ίˡ
뵽ŷ·һοСϸͣһֱͷίͰ͵ģ
̲סüġ
Ӫô
Żĥµʱһ
ʶĻͷȻͼһžװŮЦų˹
΢ɼüɫܿٴλָ֮ǰƽ
š
ӦһȻʣָҲˣ
ŵĲЦﶼǳġ
Ͼľսս溺ӡ
ŵѪԣǿġ
ֻ۲û⡣
Цŵ˵ͷǰųӴʡ߹
˵ֿ̧꣬˿Թʮ˻ûôˣ
ûٽǻûٿֻһۣǽĿһͶԶ
оĸ߹Ҫе¶Ѿ˵ˡ
ֻͷʱʱǻһЩĵ鹤ϰˡ
ֻҪûнӵ֪ͨ˵ҪȥȷӪ͸ûʲôϵ
䵭ĽԼİ˰㣬Ҳ˵һ䣬ֻ۵ͷ
ǰ˴Ҳ㽹޸ֻ۵˵ĸӡ
ȷӪεӪᣬĻ죬ǰ;ŵ˶֪ġ
ԵǸųɩ˵ҪܸţǣǹͥʱֻǺġ
ɾǸոռһ棬ûü˴ϤʱȷӪˡ
ǵĸӪڳʱѣû˹ܵĺӡ
սѹⶼ֮顣
ֻôҲû뵽žȻޣ
˵˵һ˼ֱǷˣ
ǹϵٺãǮæⶼû˵ҲûҪһȥ˼Ӱ
һ
ֻȷƲת֮̾͸ǼɩԼû顣
ŵ¶ȻͲ֮ˡ
ԼľʹֻȻúڡ
ţ⸱Ӣģܻǻһֵöʧܡ
Ȼ֪Լûеõˡ
Ӫ˵ˣɩӵİɣֻҧҧ´ûסе㲻ĵʵ
ûиһֻǵġšһ
ֻۻٶʼ䣬Աߵ˾ȴϲָָԶˣѵˡ
仰һ𳵹ȻԶԶĳ˵֮С
Ŷû˵ӭŻ𳵵ķȥƺȫԱֻ۵Ĵڡ


18 
һվ˳յվ³˷ǳࡣ
ӵȺź˾˵˿ʮӣߵԳͣĵط
ʱÿͻѾߵòˣûпʲôˣǿ˰һص
رма˸ߵİһۡ
ŽµĲһ٣̲סʶı˱۾
ûпĻһƤŴĴ
Żʱһӻ𳵳Ŵ˳
˷ܣľϲ
Ӫ
ѭȥһ۾Ϳ˸߳糯ƴֵɵ
۾ڷŹ⣬Ǳ鿴ȥȼ׵˻Ҫף
ȥüġ
ʱ߳Ѿӳˡ
󲼴ӷڵѶȻ˾ļ˼¡
Сǿ֪վӽǡ˵Ҫǲҿզ
С˿һصֿ˿üӪǺǸЦûдǻ
߳˵ĺܣڶȥԼӪɫ
ղŻ𳵸յվʱǸ߹ҪᶫţǱܾˡ
һǸվ߹ߵ˾Լ۵Ҳÿɫ
֮󣬿һѵ߳淢˳
ΪӪĵ籨˵ɩӴڵ绰ʹ˵ýվô鷳ӪڳվڵǾͺá
ղһеˣǣŻޱС
˵˲ôôôࣿ
һصĶżֱ޷СһСҼҵģӣôһѵĶôģ
Ȼи߳ţɸ߳һ±һûëӣܰǶ٣
ЩϰµģҪٶģ
ԼûʱĽվӵĻССֽγȥ
籨ȥ
䲻񾢶Сզһ㲻أ
ԽԽɵ˵˼֡
Сᣬȷûκ©֮ڴ˳
һų߳Ļ
̲ס̧ۡ
ǰˣСһоһ
ߴֱͦ
ʹһμ棬Ҳ޶˵ĸ̤ܵʵ
Ե˵ͷŵòʾЩ⡣
òռ̫֣ϾôģúõСĲ١
ÿܴһˣпտգĻϲⶼеġ
ǰһۿȥ֪Ƣܺá
С۵ײһ˿źȴûдֺ
ЩҪģֱˡ
̧ͷţ˵
ŴʱǲԳŵģԲûеһʱ俴С
һ㶣ʶתͷ
СĿഥһ˲ŵһоеİԼǸСﲢơ
Ŀһۣ˵СѾӴӳű˹
ûţߵ߳ǰ¶һǸȻı飺Բסίˡ
߳ŵæֻڿзɿҡţûУûУɩǧô˵
˲֪֪߳ġ
ɩӴЩ൱һֶǳԵġôԶĴΪӪƸ
ֻϧӪͲ֪
߳糯ŷɿʹɫ䣬ǶûеüſڣֻѾĴӺ׷˹
ӴһصĶôй룿˭ǰѼҶˣ
ߵŵߣûȣ̲סЦһ
ֳȻһһʱûһ˵
˵Ŀȫϡ
ֻһ£ź֪ĿվڳűߣһһӵСȻʱ¶˲˼ı顣
ǣɩӣ
һ£תͷš
ƤֻǡšһȴûҪΪ໥ܵ˼
ûֻۣǴߵСǰȡıԼϡ
ȻԴһѣ˵ʲô»ȥ˵ſڵš
˵꣬תսʿһ
ֻôʱߵСǰסĸ첲
ֻһǵסС
˵ɩӣ֯ĸֻۣӪǺܺõѡ
ղŲ˼˵ˡҵ˼ʵͦõģ䷢Ҳ룬ȫûбҪϼҴЩɶ⣬ҲͦĲǣ
Ц̸ֹ̣㣬رԴ׽УúӴһ˺ѲС
Сһˡ
СڹﳤֱСšСԼŮǰϲһʱ֮²ûǨŭᡣ
ǽŷ㱣סһ
ʮһꡣ
ڴ֮ǰڹ˲̫꣬Ķթ
˵˻˵ЦصЩС˵ˮ׼ﲻ
˵ֻ۵Ķʾ׽ҲβĵſڡϼҡɶЩϻʶļ
ǳ
˵½һһޣè˻⵽
˵еʵҺ񣬿
Ҳˡ
СͷһţĿ⼫
Ŀ⽻ʱûдһ˿һһİˡ
ֻٻͷʱ״ָ̧˸椵ķ첲ֻ۵˳
һĪĲ
ȻиоԼСϱˡ
ȻΪоеĪ
һֻۣüָ£㲻Ҫ𣬻վŸ
ԴŲãмֲ
ֻϵЦһæתͷһȦ߹ӦҲᰡΪʲôû
˵ţƲСҪĳȥ
ָ£߹İˣ³ģµڳѾûˡ
ֻ߳۵ĻæһԴ˵
£ֻļˡ
жСɽɲҡҪ쵼õˣȥҪġ
Ķˣеʡ
߳糯վڵķָָǱ߰ɣ⳵վҲֻһڰ
ֻҲ˲üƽԼһСսʿ٩ˣҵĳŴ˸кûСͳǷ򼲲ȥ
뿪߳˾Сһɫȫĵһ
ָ¾ܾӪ¶ǿǴȫ˽֪ġ
СɩˣװǻơǻӿӪӵĲ
뵽˲Լͬ¶һĨĵı顣
˽ñÿȫ
СǰҪæȴŸܾˡ
Ҳûм֣˶椣ȥ󱦱ϱ
ãұöקסӲ֡
ǰͷŽһͣٿȻתͷ
Ĳţû˵¶ִ˻
ߵߣ˫ְļϣΪ΢΢Ų󱦣˵ˣ
Сü
еֲ⵽ʲô
ľȻ֪Լӻ˵
һʱе㲻ԼĶ䡣
ƫƫʱ򣬸ŵ鷢ˡ
󱦵˵ͷЦһ£˵ˣɰ֡



19 
Сӿһ¡
ԼĶ䡣
Ȼ¶, ӽ󱦴ŵԼ棬ƽʵղŽʲô
, ûֻܹкϦദôõĴ󱦻ж椿ó
ˡ
ʵСֻе, Ϊ̫𾪶е㲻Լġ
Ӳ֪
ʶסԼ죬椵Сȭͷصسļ˹
ôſǻµеҪе˵˲ܽиɰ֣
С
ֻԼǵͻͻ
˿̿, Ȼôһ˲Ĳ֪޴롣
վԶһĸ߳С, ĿƮ, ߿, ε޲ԭʧȨɶû, û
Ҳ̫Ǹɶˡ
ɩӽ, Ӫиɰ֡
һ, ˵Уӵһ
һ죬ͷôһ̡
׼Ӫɩӻؼ, ȴ
һ·ѾСЩóԵ˵ĸ߳, Ǹĵ룺ӪؼⲻνҪǰɩӸôǿզ찡
Ҹ˼, ˭Ҳû˵, һʱ䣬վ̨ϵչð
ɤ, е㲻ڵ˵ȳվ, ʲô»ȥ˵
Сû֨, ˵ͷ椣ס󱦵֣ǵ
ӺǻվפڵسǣҪһСʱ
һ·ϣСܳĬһ仰Ҳû˵
м߳缸գ˼ͷҲΪ䳡޼ա
ʵСڸ˭
ԭӴĵһ쿪ʼѾ֮֮ŬѾһʵ
ǳʲôĿӵĳǷ֮ǰƭ
ʲôֵġ
𾪸һ㡣
Լ©ʲôԭļ䣬ʱɡ
һ·϶ŬѰżеϸڡ
طˣ³ɡ
Сں˼ʱ򣬳ѾһСԺǰͣ
ŴӸݵλ˳
ȽﱧŵĴ󱦷˵ϣȻߵС߰˳ţͬʱ֡
ֺܴĿָϸָкԵļӣȥһֺĸо
Сһ˽Ŀһֻ˵֣һʱе졣
ֱĶššСƨɣŷӦȻ̽СѾͷ˹ȥ
Žӹ椡͡
ȻҪȥСʱ򣬿ȴԼͷʰűĲӰ
ڨڨջ֣üһ˿Լûвź
ȷӪΪƲӣȻפرȽƫƧʩǲġ
ͺţΪһӪ֮סһСԺ
ԺȻʤȫһ֮⣬жĳͲ
ԺӵĽһѹˮ
߳Сǽȥ֮󣬾ͼһ뿪ˡ
СһֱرĿ⣬ĬĬ̾˿
ȽѾ˯˵Ķ椱ݴϷźãȻŷŹưİ˳ƵĴ󷹺˳
ߵһĴ󱦸ǰԴϺҵߣһѡ
ųһֱæµʰС˵æˣҲЪҴһȥ򷹣ʲô¶Ȼͷ˷˵
˵źһȥ
ǵıӰſʧС
ֱʱϴݵıжȡ֮ѵһĽźãȻ
һˣҵԼ֪Щʲô
Խͷһθоеš
СһֱԼһǵˣ¡
ͺľȻòһʱ𣬿ʵǽʧȫˡ
ڼעãôһת
޷˵ѡͶţΪǶԺõѡ
ԽǵˣԽ׺һҪ⣬Ǿǡ˶иоġ
֮ǰʲôǵˣȴûҪôȥŵദ
Ͼǰûйദľ顣
ɫԽԽȫ뿪СڿʼеĻŻˡ
ʱʶŶ˵Ѿһ֣һʵʵڵˣһˣԶҪˣ
һӽŵֱ˲յġ
յСͷģȫ޷˼̵ÿҪ˻̿
ǻˣ
СϣԼһľͷˡֱԺﴫ˴˵Ż
˴ȥķȫװһװ˶ͷһװźһƶѿ
Ȼزˣ£жƷҲѵõġ
óӦŷ˾ܸ㵽ĳʳ
ȥж椳ԷǻСҵ˵һܡ
ǽŲҵĺмĶӵļơ
ıӰĬĬ̾˿֮ǰеȺ˵ֿʼˡ
ˣûгԼھҡͷˣѵõеˣҪﱧ
Сֻֽĳ˯̤ʵ˲ų
ٳʱѾˣķ⻹һӣԱ¶ȡ
Ŵһ˳ȳԷҰԺŶ˯ݣҺʹ˯ݣ㿴𣿡
ô˵Сٿһ˷·һӾɿ˺öࡣ
æͷС
˵껹ƽĲһ䣺ҪæҲԸ˯
ſһۣԸоľ˺ö࣬һʱ侹е˵ǺһЩǺЦһЩ
˵ɡ
ָָϵķˣȳԷ̸̸
С֪Ҫ̸ӵ¶ʵһǺں
˵󱦺ͶǲĶν
ԭӳΪĹϵϲСһ򵥴Ϊۡ
ûʲô¶
ԣ̬ƽȣǰķԳ˼
ŶԴ˳
Сһ䣺ҵ
˵꣬һ£̧ͷСĿֿҺܸл㣬ллӶչ˵ôá
С򴽣û˵
ŵ¶ǸȻı飺Сͬ־ҵΪӵ˵һԲȻҲ򲻵ѣƭ㣬ҵĲԡ
Сͬ־Ǹʲôƺ
һ˲䣬СԼˡ
Ȼʱ䲻Ҳ֪ͬ־ʲô˼
ѵڲӣ޼䶼ôƺģ
̲סգգ۾ٴθоԼ˼·ˡ
ȻĬֻüѵļԻ˵
Сͬ־Ⱥ˵һ´󱦸ĸɡ
󱦵ĵҵϰ೤ҵ±ʱӵı
ѡҵȷӪʱҲƼҡ
˵⣬Сջ˼
ŵ˵նţĸ׽жųŵֱϼ˵ϼʵѣ˺еϧ
ų䳤ǳģĻ̶ȸߣڲӺӡʱҲƽƣʮͷ
ֻϧθӪ֮󣬸˶ٴŲʱȻһԶıڹ⣬˴⡣
ƫڴ֮ǰųһСֶӸոһ󹦣ʵûһ۵ס
쵼ǿҼ£ӪְȴƫԶСȥص
ʱ򣬶ųѾõȫΨһһȥУѧϰۿȥˣҵ쵼Ҫתš
쵼ʱΪ¶źУĻҲûͬˡ
ʱţոȻɼҲ㣬ϾᣬҲûʲô
ǶųƴƵһѣôҲ䵽
Уģѧ˲ٶҪΪ˽
ͷĻϹУʵ̫ˣԵһж˳˳ˮ
ûӪѾȶųҪˡ
ȻȥˣŵųȻһֱõѡ
ųӪ˵ѾǵͷˣǴղġ
Ҳû֮ǰܿڵϱ˻顣
ú˴󱦡
ʱȻڵϣÿ궼лʱ䣬һм»ܻؼҵġԷ޹ϵҲС
ϾΧ˵ܼ޸һ٣Ҳǰ˰ĺˡ
˶ԽԽ࣬ϾӵϣųҲкܶβûж
ȻӪְûбɻڵʱȴһϣһ²һεҲͱ˳̬
رǶ椳֮ûΡ
ϱ˻š
ױͲΪи飬ôʱ䲻棬ȻԽԽĮ
Ů˺ܿ˼ˡ
ųǲ֪жŮڣֳ겻ڼңʵû취
ֻŶտŵ㡣
￴ӣοŮ˸û˵
ֻܸȥʱһ£ŮûпӣͬʱܣӶ͵㶫ȥ
ΪжųĹʣҪŵļලŮ˾˼ڣɺôҲסǸҡ
Ȼųͳˡ
һ籩˵ϵķӣѹ档
һֱͲĴ˵ű֡
֪ˣŮӪһͨȴõ˸ĵڶ˴Ǯȫˡ
֮ǰΪ±˷֣󱦺Ͷô
æųĺ£ȥμӸʱ򣬲ŷѾü죬ѾһϢˡ
ҲǴǸʱ𣬴󱦺Ȼ˵ˡ
ҲҺͼ˵ʵΪ
Ŷ˶٣Ҳ֪ɩǸӡҲڼңΪҲģŵ㣬ǻȥҲ
û㡭̧ۿ˿СĻ˵ȥˡ
֪ˡСû˵
ʵ˵һҲˡ
ϼǸӣҪ֪󱦺Ͷ椲ģܲǶܾ御ˡ
Сһʲô
ûԭ
ԭֲ죬˵ˣʱѾ˾֪ˣٸĿҲûʲô塣
СûҪΪһԼִ˼Ųɵһ
ȻӿڴͳʮǮСǰĲϡ
ӦøǮɡ֪֮ǰ߳ˡ
Сٴסˣ̧ۿ
Ŀ⿴е㲻ˡ
ֻӽͣͬչ˺ӣѾܸмˣôûƱǮ
ģӦĻģǮպãԺҲᰴʱ㡣
˵Ҫ˵Ļ˺ܶ࣬СЦЦ
ϢЩˡ
˵ְ꣬СĶó֮󣬾Ȼ˷䡣
ϴ֮СҲҡ
ڴϣƣȴٵתݡ
ղŵһȷʵ𺳵ˣû뵽Ȼһ
ɳЩѰ˵ɽֵһǼҪµʮǮ
С֪Լһʲôǲ֪ġ
ԭ֮һ̸ʲôйʲôŵ
ЩҪϵ᲻Ǹ˶ɡ
ƫƫѱмȴʲôҲûз֡
Сǰδеķ


20 
ڶСǱѵġ
ڴ˺þ, һʱе㲻֪Ǻĸо
ҴҴӣĵ˴
һžϴҪš
һ£ˣϰ, 𴲺ÿ춼Ҫġ컹磬˯ɣ緹
С, һֱҹ˯ţʵеϡͿġ
ŵĻҲ֪Լȥ˼, ֻܺҵĵ˵ͷ
֮, ȴҲ˯ˡ
һˮϴϴ, һ, Ǿ;ûüʰİ
ϾڿҲô¡
򿪵һŵһС׺ͻƶе̲סЦ
ʵ֮ǰЩ, ûз̫ĶصĶڹڵķˡ
ֻǽһռش, , ޿㣬Щ棬óЩд˽Ҳиɡ
ƫƫһ»𳵾ŵԹ, һ֮, ɴǼûע⣬ĶͰĸ˸
ص, Ͳϡ
, վʱ򣬰⼸˶ۻ˰ɣ
ֻ, ɲǸ֪
óӶû, ֻһ, С
ЩΪùǺСֱ¶
ᣬܽǷӦôŵĵط
ѵϵʳ£һ·Żؿռ䣬Ȼߵ˽Ժĳ
һ˴Ȼԥһͨ
һͷýļ⣬ɶҲûеĳô˼籨˵ʲôģ
ѹû׼𰡣
ѹôȻ˵򷹻Ļһӿɲöˣ
СôһֱŷڳһǷǳġ
ƽõľڳϺŪ
˫壬մôѵ£ҲҪһа취ƻʳġ
ڣһ˼˫Ӽ룬УûУ
Ļܲ
СҲ˲ˣȽĹӰȡ˳
ȥԺתһȦôڷĽҵһЩľﰲοһ㡣
ϣȻȡԼ֮ǰʯĥ¼ӹϸײ꣬Ȱһࡣ
Ž֮ǰûгҰϡ
²һ˸һ
⼦Žģ֮ǰŽ˹ķ
ʱ컹׻ó˵֮ǰ׼·ϳԵģôҲܺŪȥ

һپҪܣû߳ͱ̵Աקסˡ
ôϱˣëȶˣƽʱզûܵô죿
ŴѾһˣ˹Ĭ˽¹ϵҲܺá
رֱŴ꣬ѳɼңϱҲˡ
ƽʱйա
ô˵Ҳûоʲô˼
קס䣬Ųûͣ˼
һŻؼ÷أȺͺСӰѷˣҾʹźȥҲ䣡ʱûˣɩӰɱû㣡
˵ʶͣһ¡
Ҳе֣զ˵źӵʱԼ˵ô˳ڣȻһİûС
ң˵֮ﻹý
ôһңֱҪЦˡ
ֳŵ˵㣺͸ƶɣǼʲôҲ㣬ϱˣ
һ仰˵վסˡ
ͣҲûټ׷Ųš
ǳ߽һص˵ɩ߶һϣһҪǵø㽻Ѵǵϱ
˵ӹûôŵġ
˵СҪţӵӪҲʲôܡ
⻰˵ӱǿɲһ
úõϱΪˡ
ô˵ŲɵÿЦһ¡
Ѿ֪ˣһͽһɰ֡
⻰㶣ȻôҲû뵽Ȼôһ
Ȼ̱ýСô˵ûɣ
ûСҡҡͷ
ҾͰ˵ˣҲ˵Ϊʲôԭû
ӴϱȢúã壡ô˵ʱˡ
ʹŵļģС㻹иģȻһСôĸԸ
ŰԺɵúúõĶ˼ңɰţƢȻϱˣҲҲˡ
û˵۵ȴһĨһѾ
ĸԸǺģûиǿ治˵
ܲסǾ͡
ŲԸ룬ͷְȥһۡ
ôĳĸ˵øҵƵģҵûôϻˣûУĵûȥȥˣ
ʶĵģ
ֳ˵㣺ϽȥɡˣС˵һæ죬ǼҳԷɩ
ôһϣŵҵʱѾеˡ
涼˳ԷļϺš
µĲӲɵּӿ˼֣ôһһصģúûʲôԵĿɴˡ
һԺţͣ˽Ų
ƺе㲻Ű㣬ӡ
Ȼ󣬾ֱӳķȥ
ʲô࣬ǵض࣬Ժеķ佨ĶȽϴ
һнʮƽ̨滹һ˸˵Ĵ
⣬ɵġ
ֻ֮ǰֻһס˵ʵǸ˯ĵط
οƽϲڣֵʱռ˶һ¶ԺסΡ
ڳһ⣬ķ䶼ǿŵġ
Ҳ֪СӦ֮󣬲ȥӪЩҾ߹Ӹˡ
ڼһʲǺȫ
ԣƿţСһﶼؾǰһӺóԵģȿӣľˡ
СͷûأֻǺȻ˵һ䣺ٵһҿֶܲűϾͺãԱߵȻ
ſһð෹ٿһ۱ǣ̨ǰæͣŮˣֻһһĳӦֻŻ֡
á㶵ĴӦһҲ֪ڻش˭
Ȼڴߵĵ£۾ȴʼû뿪ǸæµӰ
һžãΣҲûõġ
СӺõıȻڶԱ¡
ȣͬʱЦЦȻ˿ӡ
԰ɡ
С˵꣬ԱߵĹ꣬ǰĿһӣȻԼҲһ
ڲҧһ֮ӲſĵļԼĳ
һĻ˶еɵ
Ӿ磬ССö࣬ʵ֮ǰûийʲôӴ
ֻ֪ôһ˼ңҲ֪ŮǼĶŮСܳ谮ߣǸеĻˡ
ȴ֪˼ⲻǱ谮Ļ˼һô
һӵķˡ
Уһ˳ԷȻùꣿ
Ǹǽйɣ
źȻһͷۡ
˸߳绰˵ģɩô۸СôΪЩ£˲Լ϶ʼðˡ
ȢһʲôŮ˰
ôԥİܲ˵Ķ˼
Ȼ˲ί
뵽еθиӵˡ
ԼסСϱˡ
СеĲ£ŷֶ˴ĿԼԲҲԷ
һ¡
ĿԼͺӵתһȦǰĿϡ
ûи
Сü˰컹𹫿꣬˵Ҳһţ˵԰ɡ
ſӣһʱĶһ˵Ȼʧĸоռݡ
Ժ󷹻ȥô㲻ʱͿ顣
ȻҲ֪ѧУʲôʱָܻϿΣģӦ¶Ҳ
ȸˣȥͻȥȥںҲܰҸѧǰꡭ
ź˵ʲôСû
Ļһ黭ǰٵȻʹ˻䣬֤֮ǰԭ˵Ƿ
ʱԭĸ׸ոȥûãֵ֧й£ĵľǿ֪ġ
Υ׵Ըܾ׮£Ҳġ
Ͼʱһ˼Ҫѧġ
ԣںżʱֱӽԼ˼һԵĵ
ԭûж⣬ҲǿȶԷӦʲô
ֻǴСĸĹڵϰԵĲڲ¡
ˣ׮¿϶͸洵ˡϾû˭Ȣһ˼ڼ쾻ĥҪǰ̵ϱ
ƫƫš
ŶȢСʵе㲻Ըġ
ٵ˼뵥ֱ
ܾĻ˼һʮСȥӵ裬е֮Σ
˺׾ʹһ¡
ŴӦԭֻҪָ߿۾ѽߣеĹؿȫͨ
ԭӦ֮ǰᾡľİտúӡ
Żÿ¸ʮǮΪӵѡ
Сȫˡ
˵ЩĪĻ
ҲԭΪʲôڱŴϼϳţôŭҲûǽĺӴ
ǶִԼĳŵ
ֻϧ컯Ūˡ
ûüŮѧˣŮûɳŵ;
뵽һΪĵСҲ̲סΪѹ
˵˰죬˾Ȼһ㷴ӦûУе㲻ˡ
о˼ƨһ⡣
˵𣿡Ҳɵ˼֡
һ¹ǶǮСȻʵ
Ҳû뵽һʡ
ʱһɤһû˵
֨С̧ͷҲ𣿡
ǡ
æ˰֣ʣҾһʱûзӦʮ߿壬ƹ껹ٵһʱвʮˡ
ŵ޲úԼƲƲ壬벻ͨôȻעԼĹˣ
ɲô˵ܻԼϱ֪ЩҲȻġһû̹ȻĴ
С˵ͷȻʼˣÿҪĻȥʮǮҪʮ飬Ȼֻʣʮ߿ˡ
Ŀ˵ĳԺȣϴ£öȣģʮǮãǵ˰¾͵ȫҸԺ˰ɣ
Ϊһ֣ССѹùӡ
Ȼ֪ӵķʳʲô۸񣬵ʳչǴ˵ġ
չ۷Ƕûʳ۸ֻ಻١
ųԷвûС
ǸʳԷʮ߿Ǯܳŵж˵ġ
еǱ
û뵽ദĵһ죬ͱϱʵĴ
Ǹ֮ǰһǳԺѵġ
СһۣͲһе㼱ô죿
һȵģҲٺִֻǵķԸһ䣺ԺѻʳѸңڼҳԷ
˵ͷ࣬һۡ
áŴӦһֻޱ泩
ΪһӪ֮Ѿܶû˻ĿԸʲôˣŵĶȴĵֱðݡ
ҲԸǮˣ


21 
극, ŵһʱܻԼеǮƱ˳
˶ʮֽһƱȯ֮, һۣٿ
ЩеĻպáϲ̵İǮʹһСĸǰơ
Сü, ûȥӡ
ֻҪѵµѸҾУԼš
ǿɲС
ͷҡ÷ɿ죺Ǯ϶Ů˹ܡǰţǲΪ㲻, Ҫ, ô£
Сüͷ, ȻһҪƾܵ, ɴֱӽǮ
һֺĿŻϽŰҪҲǮ㣬ǽ̵Ա֪, ϶Ҫˡ
û׼ȫԱ֡
ǲ֪, ڲӽ̵Ա˵з, Ҫϱ¸ϽԺǰ;Ͳ˵ˡ
С˵һһ㶵, գ۾Ӳϻ
Ҳ̵֪ԱǸʲô٣˻˼, ϶ǱĹٴ
׻˵ٴһѹ, Ȼ벻ͨΪʲôĹٶô, е˼Ҽ˭Ǯòͣ
ȴ֪쵼ѺȫԱһ˲õ¡
֪úƵĻŻϼġ
ôһ첻, һҪȫϰ, Ҳˣ
һʱ, СеɣҲ翪ʼʱôľܾˡ
ϽȥѲˣʲô˵
ſԼСϱסˣǮûбƻһˡ
ϱûӦæվߣŲþǺʲôһ
֮ǰЦ޹ϣڴûһǮʱ˵Ļ
˵Ůڣ͵Ů˵ҡŮԸǮٳּ֤һġ
ҪҶˣҲˡ
Ȼڿ˵ԼӦĻֹȥ׷
ǣ˭ϱмҰ
رǸղһؼҾͱΧƵĸоȺķ
һ޷ܡ
ԴС˵һžͼĺ޲·Ʈ
ȻŬĿţҲڼһᱻСϱߡ
һүǣ˳ҪǱˣҲͦûӵġ
Сܾе˷ܣȻҲ֪˷ܵɶ
һ䣬ԼҲʶǸʲô̵Ա˵ֻҪԼע㣬û˻֪˭Ǯ
ɶûüſڣ˾ˡ
СϵǮƱһ¡
˶ʮǮеµƱݣµüڴý˵ҡ
д̨мĳ
ҪܼңʵǵҪһӵĻʳϾԼҲҪԷġ
ȴûһʲô˼
ղڷС֮ǰԭŵǸЭ飬һŵ룬üִȥʵҲǲС
Ȼ֮ǰԼ֮֮ҪȥһС˵ʵںȻΪһ˵һ㣬СǲϰߣҲѽܵġ
СڹӴ˳ֻ̾лˡ
ǵΥѪ̱ĺģӵұԼֱǿĹС
ҪἫἫһȺˡ
ǰ˾ģһӲˣɹ¶ϡ
磬ΪŵӣСٲҲֻ
˵ڽ֮ǰҪʲôᷴ
ɸղŵǷȴ·Ϊһ´š
Ҳȫԭһ㣬ֻ໥Ĺϵ
úõİӣľΪչ˺ңֻҪĹͺá
Ȼ취ܲסԸŮ˵ʱ뿪ϱλá
ͨЩСȻȻʣ˺ܶࡣ
ȥԺ棬ʼʰ
ʰʳʱСĥһ£Ǿһջعķ䡣
׻˵Ʋ¶ס
ʲôôЩʳ棬ǻ˲ġ
Ǹ˻᲻ỳɣ
ҲǿˣǾǸܼµġ
ģܸûŪԼЩʲô
˸ɣСңҰŴϣȻ˿ռ䡣
ûע⣬ʳýҲѹеĶ˳һ
ովȻ洫Ů˵
Сһ
Ҫ֪֮ǰһֱΪռǵڵģǴʶġ
Ͼ߳ȥܶΣɿĶһƬɣûһ
䲻˵ôо
СʶĶ㵽ǽǣҳ
Ϊľ˵øˡ
ŷèסû˵κܹܷˣ
ɲǣСֿĶһֱ˺ЩҲûô£κܲ˵ùöһµأ
èߵĶôֵܹùϣ֮أùû֮ùæöҪֳɼˣĶܹ˵ȥСֿ⣿
˭˵أⷿҲͰˣùҲȥһ𷣣ҲǵùˡŶ˵͵Ĳèǻƴأ
꣡⻰ɲ˵
֪֪⻰ҲһϹ£ϾèŶôܰôʳУĸ㣬ùҲôأ˵׼СֿǱ߰ݰݴأ

ԽԽԶľˡ
СڽȴһƬҡ
СŮ˵ù֪ڹյĴͽܡǻ˼֮ŷĹ¹ùá
ͦõģСҲǽѡ
С֪Լ֮ȴô鷳
һֱΪӻСֿⶼĿռ䣬ȴûǾȻš
ԭԼСֿóĶǸҲʧ
Сǰδеìܡ
ĸԣ϶ǰΪ֪֪ˣȻȥСֿһĶ
ӦýѾ˵Ļȥ
ǣֻ벻ȥáС;ڵѪ
뻹ҪóĶͻȥʶıװС׵Ŀڴ޲װûղһ
һ뵽ʧȥЩҪ¹سԴѣϺ̲˵ӣСֻû統ֱˤˡ

ҧҧĬĬ˵
ɣĺܶԲ˰Ĳֿ¡
Сһʶĳһ
ȻĿ˴ͷӵǸСľϡ
۾ʱһ
ڹȱľʳˣŷٴףȱʲô
ֻҪǮˣȨǰԼģͺ
СȻҲͷе񣬿ϸҲǲС
ǲǽҪСֿݻƴ
Լʲôģ˵˳ӡ
ѾͷһǸԵģҲ
Ϊǻƴ飬ӦҲųʲôë
Ӧáɣ

СĥʱȻ˶椵ĺ
æӿռҵš
ʱܵ˸ǰ
ˣ
ţһ˵ĻȻ־ſڳ
̣
ƺСûдӿ
ǿƣӦúͦ죬ҹϵ
֪ʲôˡ
СôţҲûƾܣζ椽Ժ
һţͼԺ￿λôվһʮŮˣЦŸ˵
Ůݳ̷һɫԲףȥָ
ӣһЦеڸ졣ߵİϷһŰˣһЩĶ
Ůվӣк
СɣǴ࣬ϱ
˵꣬ǵߣһѴ󱦵ͷȻһмĿС˵󱦻˵ˣšСչ˵ôã
ʲô
˭
ôμ棬ôӣ
Сһ¶Լһ¡
һ̽ʵСûи˵ӪĽ̵Աӵġ
̵Ա֣СŻȻ
ȻȻһ
ȻʶԭǰŮ˾˵Ǹٵķˣ
Сʱеš
죬ȴһʱ䲻֪Ҫôƺ
и²ʱٱ˷ʲô
ð죬ųŴεЦЦ
һ¾ͺ˵С̲סһ̾
һСֽġ
ڶڽŮܶ족ĶǡӡӢô׺ߵ˿治ˡ
С⸱ӣȻ;Լеַ̫ţɵ˵˼֡
͵˵С£ھӣҾסǼҸڣСд󱦶椶ʶġСƽʱҽɩӣҲôоС
ô˵Сİ˼֡λ̫̫ҲΪôݣĸйһӺ˺ܶࡣ
æһƣɩɡ
ˡҡҡ֡
ȻӾٵСǰЦе˵ҽǸ͵ˡ
С˵ԼڼҿˣɶҲ֪֪ԡ
϶벻׼ˡǳʳõˣëëУ
˵÷ȤСҲ̲סǡ
æƴǣллˡ
ôã
Ĩе׵ĵһۣû緹ô
˵꾹ȻŲֱӽ˳ﻹ߶ţɩӿھӵģ
ཫĶһһǫ́ϣСſˣһ֮⾹ȻһС룬ĸ񵰡
֪ⶫɲôҵģӦýĺܡ
Сļˡ
ɩӣЩһҪûȥ
ʲôãǿȥ󱦶椼ģСӵ¶۴˱͡
СҲ˵ʲôˡ
ƴǣˡ
ǸǵסСĸ첲˵ûûµĻҴȥתתҲϤϤ
Ȼһİס첲СмֲӦ
ǿûѡ
ȻȻӦú˱ʶȵľ룬رֲϤġ
Ҳܽյͷų⡣
Ҫǣ˵黹津
֪СֿĶܿԺҲò֮ڵС͵Ҫ˽ܹõʳ
ȱǮɼĴȴˡ
֪᲻ɩ鷳룬ٴصȷϡ
࿴ǰŮƴС۵Ƥϸϸüۣ˵ŴŴģֻϡˣ
ھǵһ˼ͥɷǵ͵ĳƶ
һŮȴ磬ܵܡ
кﳤ󣬽ӴĶӲֵĺӣĺҲޡ
ʲôʱֽεεŮ
СȻ뵽ںСʱһ֪ĻϣĲޡ
С͸һһİ
ԽԽϲһﵽû˵ʮꣿ
Ǽһ͵͵Ȣ˸ͯϱɣ
鷳鷳СȥĶɩӶȥ
Сƺˣֻ޲ظ֤
ԼһȥΧ֮󣬴͸ˡ
֮ǰƲǱСһԼĥϸ׷ۻмԼĺǡ
ͷǿϡ
˵ǹʱ˼ҶӰһɿ飬滹˻ģ໹û
˶ٺٻ
˵϶˼ҸԼޱģ̫ࡣ
ŵĺüǿȻʶ
СѼʣǿ鶼Լɣ
뷨ʱֻԼϴĶеˡ
ҲǸʵ˰
ĬĬ̾һ¶ԺҪСúõĴ
Щ̾С֪Ѿʼ׼緹ˡ
ȻСֿⲻһܹϢѹͷġСһױѹˡ
һΪΪʲôֻҪһа취ġ
ԼʹļĴҲûŪ
ò׺Сһһ׷˵ⷿóĸһһ⣬Ȼ󽫴ĺȡһϴɾ˿͵һ˸ǰ˺񵰴ĵ
ΪĴϾҪʼˣȷӪڽŵ׼С
սʿһʵһ磬źֶ
ʱͨǸսʿһȥʳõģɽȴһ˻ؼԺ·
һ߸·ŵ¸һĴʵûסȤǸɶóԵˣһ绹ô˵ɩҲѧѧˣסˣɩҲ㡣
ǣɩӹƿҲûʹ
˵꣬ϳԵޱȵҰӻļûס˿ڿˮ
ϱ֮ǰ˵ˣĺöûм
Ȼԭ϶Ѱɼ
Ұ˻Ǹ񣬴ɽ϶ҵõڿ˼ڳɹŶԵҲ١
ȴ֪Щϱ֣ȻܹζĶ
Ӵǡ
ô˵ͣ˽ŲŴ˵Ц
Саϱˣ˵Ŀˡ
ƤһؼҲԲȵʱˣ
УڷǵøһȥɣһˣСܰѷ
ϾڹӦʳƷ־Щ


22 
˵Ҫȥ, ôôû׵¶
˼С޸ոžˣԼȥɷǸ羰ɶ
ߵԼԺſ˾ͷֿˡ
һԺžʶһ
Ȼŵһ˴εζ
ʹѾ˼׼Ҳû뵽ϱķȻô㣡
˼, ŲͲĳųȥ
ԭߵĴ󱦺Ͷȫ¶һЦ
˷ɿվһȥ赹ˮ, һȥë
ϴ֣

ʲôʱִܵһʱЩܳ
á
һߴӦ, һڶŮͰ͵Сϴֲһϵж
׼һ¸ʱ, ͼ󱦶ʣµˮٵĵ, ҲޱѸٵĽëȥ˷źá
֮ͬʱڶ˲˵С
椴Ĵԣ, ϴɾˣԳԷˣ
С˵ͷɡ
ӻһ, ̻صλá
ȫûٿһۡ
ţ
С̧ͷ, ˵һ䣺Ҳɡ
ԼĪһ͵ĸоô£
ǿĲ, ڴԱλá
ȻһӾСһľٶˡ
ƺûгԹôЩĺóԵģ
⣡

лư䣬ƺÿһ׶ӨĹĶ׷
źȻ˵Լʲôоˡ
Щ˻ϸĶŪģ
˿ӡ
ʱ֪ϱʳ, Ҳ˳аڴ, м
ôҲû뵽ķ˻ôʢ
ȻЩûڼﳤô᲻֪Լ, ɩӵĽڼ̶ȣ
˵һ֡
Բǵ׼ġ
⹫Ÿģ
ûСſ, 椵һ
⹫ţ
üһʱеûӦ˵˭
ҵ, ˲, ȫˡС̵Ľһ䡣
⹫ź, ףͣ
һٵĴ󱦶Ų䣬ŵӵĸˡ
֮Խϱ޸ͼòһ̤ʵӡ
ɵͷԼʲôҲû˼ңһӳµʳ
εĸоŶʱķ˶û֮ǰôˡ
ʱ˰ҵĿʳû˳׺档ˣÿȥʳÿҪʲôʲôۼҳԷʡǮƱҪǲ취
ǿˣϱǰӹ൱СܳԹʲô࣬ӾԲܽʡӡ
һ㲻ں
ڲô꣬ΪЩƴ
쵽ڣôҲϱӶ
Ȼû˵ڣѾʼĥҪʲô취໻ϸˡ
˵ʳС̧ͷһκӡ
ɩˣ˵Ҫҳȥתתȥܲ򵽵ʲôԵġ
ϱ˵ɩˣŲûбֳʲôԾ
ſʱѾ뵽
ϾӪļûмһģ͸ֻСһ
ɩӺҲһˡ
ȥɡǽ̵ԱϱͦõģҪûµĻԾ죬ýסڡ
룬ҡҡͷҪԵĻȥʳáسǻмʮ·ûй硣ɩǴӪתתΧûʲôԵĵط
ǣҲҪ𣿡
СʼĻûСֿ£һʮ߿Ǯ治һá
ˡ
ǺȻʲôһ㣬ָָ档
ӺһյأҿɩӼҾǵֲ˵ġȥǵطɩҪѶҲԼֵ㡣
ô˵СҲֹͣ˳ԷĶ̧ͷҡҡͷҲᡣ
Ŀһ˲Ĵ͡
ĲᣬǰûֹСޱȵĳֿ
׸סںߣûйһԼأȥѧֲأ
һ֮Ų˵һ䣺һᡣ
һ£ֲ֡
ϱʲôĸﳤİ
ڴСҲû˵ֲ˵İɣ
ŬĻ䣬˰죬ӡ͸ƺмԿʼѾŵµظɻˡ
ɲػ޶ݣҪġ
һȻеЦֻԼڲ֪¼һ
һǻųı
⼸Ѳϣ¶ȸߣҲܷѿҪһ¾ܳˡ
֮ǰܴʳľ򲻵ľȥɩӼժûµģһǰкҵĹϵⲻʲô¡
ºͶģһ˿˵ĳ硣
Ȼ˵ģʱֻСӪһȦ
Ļ˵ⷽԲ֮ھȷӪеطǻĵúܡ
ûˣĶй磬
СһȦģġ
ڻȥ·ϣʵ̲סʵɩӣʳʲôطҪȥǶɣ˵Ժȥʳˡ
˵Ҫȥʳˣһģɵתͷİֿ˿
Ŀ֮СһƬ̹Ȼ
ףʲô֪أ
ոհ꣬ǲӣһ߲ӣвʵʳҲ̸϶á
սʿһܳһٴϸͺܲˡ
ڲˣżеϺҲٺ١
ǳԵǸ㣬ˣӹ죬ҲȻɬ
Ϊ䷹ӦûʲôܹԵȥ
߲ˣӪ￪еأܹ֤Ը㣬Ҫ⹺
ʳȷʵԼţʱ̽׵ȥԷȥˡ
ɼ۸ȴס
Ϊӻʳֻܱ֤ˣȥҲֻܳԸ߼
һͷһǮ
˸ǻǮһˡ
Ǽ۸Ҫڹ̶ƶѿ㹻㹻
ԣǸûȥʳˣǮŶ򼸽
ûˣҲǹȥ
ֵط붼ۡ
ЩСȻûиϱ˵Ӧ᲻Сϱ˶Բӡ
СԼĻһǼͥãûԹġ
һ⸱ΣԼ˶̲סӣôܲס
С¹ŵϱ⣬Ҳ۵ġ
뵽һ£С˵ȥʳˣֲֹóԣɩӴȥط
С֪ô£Ȼ;ôɩӴƺȸղŸ׽һˡ
˼Ͻ˵ͷãллɩӡ
СӪΧһС·˴ʮʮӵӣԶԶľͿһƬ̲
طղָС
ֻ˵Ǻˣ̫䣬ů͵ǿֵ󱦺Ͷ椹档
ȴûд
߹ȥǰһӣͦСͼ˼ҡʱ͵͵ȥ㣬ɵĻܻһ
Сɱ˵
Ҳʵû취ˣŴνôҲøСӳԵ⣬ġʵ㣬Ҳû⡣
˵˵ţСߣ˵ԽԽС
ʱѾߵ˺ߣܿտĺԶӰʶı˵߾سΧš
Сæʹĵ˵ͷĵĶԴ˵ɩģ֪ģллҡ
˵Ĳ࣬۾һֱŵǷŽ˶
طȷʵзֵġ
ΪŵƷΪСǳĿأŻġ
Ͼͷ˽淢ǿ˲õĴ¡
˵壬ʵǿźľļԶķӡ
ǷӸǵ߰ŤģԸǵʱͲģһʱܻᵹӡ
˵ӶΪ
Щǰס洬ϵģ洬˹Ȼǲ½ϸ˷ӣ˼ҡ
СЩӿСĽ͵
С˵ͷ
ʵϤ
ٱӾǹĴ࣬øࡣ
꣬Ҳס洬ϵġ
ʱﶼѾȥϵϣССٳֻܿŸϺ񺣻Ϊ
뿪ʱǴѾʧޣõòˣǰҲòĶȥ
Ҳ֪Լߺôģ
뵽СȻӿһɬ
˵䣬Ѿߵߵǻ˼Ҹǰ
ǰţĺ壬Ǵ࣬ˣ
СＫˡ
˵Ҫ͵͵
⸱ģ̲סЦգգ۾۾ǹˣɶܴ󷽷ģ
СŻȻĵ˵ͷ
ܿžʹˣǸ֮Ϊĺ˳
Ȼû뵽һȵĴ˴֣ͬ־ûɶ
ô˵಻Ϊİ˰֣壬ҽΪ˻ãԺʱҲĵ㡣
ô˵һæתͷ
Եղųʱֻźʹ˵ûпһֱվһߵС
塣СЦЦԺҪ鷳ˡ
ô˵ɲô˵
룬æ˵һ䣺ǽһ¡
˵꣬öûãͿԼȥ
ȻǵһΣСϤߵ
ֻ˲ûվǺں彫ó
ܿ죬һƵ¨˳һ˼Ŀǣ˵С㣬ǿϡ
˵Ž¨ӵ˹
̽ͷһۣȻ̽ԴǱŨصζѬùǺ
ûôС㣬զ԰Ҳٲһ⡣һʧı顣
ûʲôˡŶе㻨ǸҪˡ
ָָһ߶˵ľ裬Ц
ƲƲ죺Ǹûԣȫɳӡ
ȷʵûҪ˼Сſ˿ڣͻȫҪ˰ɣǮ
ô˵ȫԾתͷ
קקĸ첲εضС˵ⶫҪȥǿǶǴ̣˵Сˣ˳ԲöܿšԩǮ
Աߵ壬ȻҲʧȥ¿ͻС˻ȥҲûһأȻҲͷ
ǵģⶫûԹߣǲóԡȵȣ»ץˣš
СЦЦȴȻֵ˵û£ûȥû׼ءһǮ
һҪҲˣתͷ壺ͷһ˵㡣
庩ЦͷӦõģӦõġҪһëȫһٰ¨ӽǡ
ûС˵Ͳˡ
һë壬ʶҲһˣ˲ôʵڰһСñǵģҪѶһëզҪһأ
һӾͺˡ
ΪεЦЦͬ־ⲻǻ¨𣿡
¨ӣҲֻǽǣֲǲû֣ٶ಻У
ְɣ֣ôҲҴϸϺץģ죬ͬ־Ǿ͵Ҹѡ
Сһ
໹Ҫ˵ĸ첲ӹͷ壬ǮѶȫҪˡܸܲңĶϵĺ
ʵüë˶۵׸һ˿衣
ȾͲ
զĵ̣⺣˽˵ģɱˣеһжǹеģӲǳӳûʣƫĶ࣡
ˣˣԭҲǸʵˣǾûбҪٴ򽻵ˡ
ӣߣȥĵطתת
ۿСߣԼҪʱˡ
æͬ־զôأҲǻɶҲû˵𣿡
˵̾˿ҲҲûб˼զ᲻֪һжǹеģ˵ڣǰҲûŲ˸ϺġҶǿˮˮûжĹء
ֻ
ҡҡͷҲһ˷ֵʲôͱȥ
˵ʵڣҲ˵ʲôˡ
ְֻСǰ˴˵壬Ҳ㣬ӪϱġӪ죬ϱ㻹𣿡
һ˵ŵϱ۾ʱˣЦǿ˻
ͷҲǮˣϸϸ˵˸Ϻĵص㣬ǵǰѶߡ
ǴӲСݹȥǮľԱߣ˵ͷߣ
СһֱĬ
ղǼתֱµľ飬ȷʵһʱеز
˵ΪΪԼ˵ݶˣæ͡
СȻˣʵ˵Ҳ¶ӵĴ峤ƽʱӪĲҲǴ͵ģҲ˼졣
ûҲ֪˭
ô˵СҡҡͷɩӣĥĲЩҲ̫ŰС˵ˣֻġ
ֻ룬ȻѸϺĵطˣԺǲǿԼȥЩ´ξͲûǮˡ
˵ϱֻԼģѾˣǶԼĪΡ
ȻС˵ԺԸϺǮǾֱɰ˲У̫ˡ
ôţȻЦһСļͷСզô˼ɩϡˣ
Сԭ˵£ôһʱһͷˮ̲סתͷ
⸱µӣЦͣ
һһָ¨Ӵ˴Ϻ⣿ҶҪ˷ͻ˷Ѳ񡣳㣬˭Ը⻨ǮЩֲӻˣ
С
˵˰죬ԼӻǸ
аɣϾĥóԵİɡ
ȻûˣͨԸԵġ
ӷɿתţ򣬽㣬
һĲǰһһ


23 
һС¨ӻ, 󱦺Ͷ椾֪ҪóԵˣʱȫΧ˹
ʱˣҲ˺ܶࡣ
СĲ֮, Ҳûľʹ˴ԼСظԸµҪȥ̼ҽн⡣
Ȼ·ϾѾʹ˵ˣɿô, СҲûš
ΪͥˣûôˣҲΪÿȥרһʹ, ⺢Աǰ˺ܶࡣ
ʹ˵ľӻǻе, ȴ˽ˡ⵱ȻǺ, СȻԸᡣ
Ҫȥ̼, ҲҪȥ֡
ӳţСʹӳһ, ֮ǰλϿʼʰ㡣
ó, ʰȴǷǳ鷳Ŵʱ, Сʰһ붼û
󱦿һָۣʾæ⣬Ҫȥʳͷ
Сû뵽󱦾Ȼ֪ʳĶ, ɵе㾪ȡ
ϾΪֹ, ûʲôطء
ǰְִȥ˵
С㶣ȻŷӦİְֲ, Ӧס
ຢӵԴ, ɿ˿һֵ࣬ͳŬŬ죺Ǯ¿ڴ, öԼȥá
󱦳һ, ŵϴ
Ȼû뵽, ȻôԼ
С˲䱻ıˡ
ʲôأҶӣһƭҲɣϽģõ򡣡
󱦵ۿһӾ
װȥʱѾˣ¶Ҳǵá
ɷм䣬е㿪ĵģȫװйء
ְִӳԷְִȥ߸ϺְָԶС˵棬ˣԸź
ԼǸ裬õ׸ж
˵ǮĳʳǻᱻԼþֻܶš
С󱦾Լļȥǰ˲裬õˡ
ţ
󱦴ӦһŵŵŵľݣëǮһܡ
Ը¶ôҲð쵽ã
ʰ㣬õͣнⱬټӵСֿĶ㣬㣬֣һƾƣȻС
Ȼڲ꣬Ϊߵʱ䳤ˣٲȻѾһϸС֡
аЩͲ˵ˣջҲĺܡ
ƾСڷԸļ֣ܰѻյĺܺãʵʡܶࡣ
ԭ׼ԼԵģľͷɳ
Ļ˵ûֱС
СǸģԴʳǾϸ
ԸղŴʱѾˮ
ΪɳµøɾרˮһͺΡ
ȫѾֱˡ
жΣƬõ飬ȹͣ΢΢ðʱ뱬Ȼ뻨򡭡
ΣƾƣһǵζŹĽ֭࣬ȫſڵʱǺеڵİ˳ųĴƮ˳ȥ
˿̣źոߵԺſڣζԭڼϰʱעͬʱͣ˽Ų
һ˿Ũζʱ֮ǰ۵Ķеǲˡ
ɶô㣿
̲סֳ˳ӣžʵ
ͬһȻʵҡҡͷ֪
֪
һѵԺ̽̽ͷҪ۽ȥ
ĬĬȻָָԺӵĳˣԼȥСɩӿ϶ѾѷˣȥԷɶȥӪ˵
һҭ
Ǹû¶ɶʱȥɩӶǣ˵ҲˣĻû棬ҵȥк
Խ˵Խ˳ڣ˵žȥԺš
̵Աģ˵ôϡ
̲ס˳顣
ԼҲòĶȥƽŵζ޲ܵ廹졭
ԣܶвԸʱҲû
οԼϱһ뵽Լϱķܰ˲ԼҲ˵ôԸоȻһ˿մմϲ
߰ɡ
ԸƿԺţ׼һȥʱû뵽ȴǡôӳĴײ˸š
һ룬ͷСģӲ֪˻ΪŶĶء
һǱС˲˻ؼҵġ
ʲôóԵģ
ûȴ̧ͷԴѾ˹ȥȻûװɶζͳһģһ
զˣ
ûлشȳ۾ôţζ䷹ģ
˵ţڳһֻĸ첲ʹšһѣȱ˻ȱˣϢϽģһؼҡ
ǡ
Ǻ죬ɵ汻Լϱôš廹ǻеûӡ
ӲͷƤͣ㿴ˣô˵ⲻǣСˣҲûк
кϳԷʱ򣿡һҪӵ˼ûУֱ˻ȥ
˵תͷбһԱ߱Цѵš
˼ЦϱôԶ˵ЪЪٳһӵĳԺ㲻˵æ԰׷ģҲСƢãҪңǴȥˣ
ĪǨŭҲա
ʹӴˣ֪ɩ˾һ;Ǵ椵ԸΪˬ飬ûлۡ
Ҳǲ׵ġ
æͷһģԣɩ˵ĶԡϽ԰׷ĸߣҲȥϱæ
ô͡ѱ䡱һžҪ߹ȴź󱳾һƣ
Ȼתͷ˵ϽȥɣС˶ˡǰû㵹ǸиġԺɵöСõ㣬ϱǴŵҲš
ɩôһ˵ŵˣֻӶӲࡣ
һ̣ȻررϼԼС
ſ־ҪȥƳ
ȻѾ߳Զ˵ĴСֹ㿴˼СҲ֪զģЩûҪ㣬žζ
㣿
һ٣Ȼе㲻
ɩ˵̶֪ûʰ鷳˵ʳˣΧ񣬲ʵڳԲ˼ңҲûԸǶ
ϱڸԼʡǮΪʲڼ
һ뵽ԭŵͱеأ֮ǰЩƺһӲɡ
ôһúСú̸̸ǣʹʱǰһô£Ժôůûġ
ĥ¶ſվʱе㳤ڽݺһ򻰲Сûסһ䣺ôˣʲô𣿡
ҡҡͷ
ָϽһ䣺ſɩӣ˵仰һֱڿķóԡ
СһЦùǰʢݹȥ
ȻϱĻȻ࣬ԸоԼ˵óԵʱǸ˵ġ
֮ǰ˵Ժ㣬ڵĻȫɤ˵ˡ
СĴȷʵ̫ˣ˵һû治ʺСӳԵĶ
˵Сˣˣңİ԰µˣҲûв鷳ġ
СͲ¶
ֻҪ÷ͣʱһһֱȫֵģȻټˮС̾ͺױﵽǣڼĳ̶ȡ
ԣһ˹ͷȫǴ̣ʲôС㣬ӳҲ޸ָǵĴһСͲȫԹˡ
ӣҲԵ۷Ź⣡
Լǰܶеʲôᡣ˼ҲóԣȫΪû˻
ԵˣҲܻΪʣ
ͬһͷԣǲЪһų˴㣬ͷ
ʲôҪϱ̸̸ԺⶫĻȫȥˡ
ΨһסһǣȥѺԺĵظСΪû˶ѡ
ͷ¶ǣԼθڲôˣҲоıˣŷ֣ϵʳûô
ϱͷԲˣû֨һͷһ룬ֱСһĸǰ
ԲˣҲԵͷ
ϵıԾһ£ȴĿš
̲ˡ
СǰļԭͲ̡Сʱ䳤ˣѾ
˿̿һͷ˵ı飬椱˱죬תͷСͰ͵ĺһ
ŴСĿƲס
ͷǴȥʳôġ
ȥ֮ǰСרŽҪõģʳֻһ֣󱦾ʹ˻
ΪƽҲͷǳԣԿҲû⡣һڳȥͷԭôĲͬ
ͷģģҧһڣý˳ɤӾܻȥ˳˻ԡ
ʳôģ㲻Ŵɤӡ
ûжԱȾû˺
ǰҵʱͷ˵ѾǺöˣܻԲڡ
գգ۾ֳСһ
ѾԴ˼ί
Сеͷۡ
ղæĳʳĻбˡ
ȻͷʱСĥĥϸϸģȻۺͶۣţһ档ż滹һǡ
ͷͱ˼ҵĲ࣬ζ϶ǲһġ
ǰΪּҵ󱦺Ͷǽģ˵ʲô
СȻôóԣӪôȫûҪȥ˵¡
ڲ֪оͰСһˡ
ڣ˵棬Ȼ˵óԾͱˣͷٸ
СĬĬ椸ǰͷһһС·Ž
һ㣬˸˴һ⣬ĶԵøɸɾ
û취ֻҨ˼׻Ľ֭˰裬Ȼŵݻظ椡
ˡ
ȻѾ˻֪˵ʲôҲûá
ͷ˿Լǰ֭õͷɵļһŽ
ȻͷȻֲܴڣ֭֮ǺóԶˡ
ſۼʶСô躢ӵˣһʱĺܡ
һҾôϱİɣ
߶䣬ϱ˵ôźӲʣǸϵġ
ôõͷǰ붼ĶСȻ
Ժ󵫷࣬ǿҪզ죿
߹˹ֺʶʱĸ˻ȥ
ܸ⻰һ˵ϱܾ͸ˡ
ӹŮģ˼ҸúţԼ˸ɵ£ⲻҲʹ죬𣿣
Ŷףɵðʱٻе㲻ʵġ
ֲòϣʵ
뵽ž͸ˡ
ٷԵĹ辻ȫ嶼Գˡ
ȥҽ˳ͷǣŴȥԺȥˡ
Ǹֵģôٵ
ǣֻܿʣСһˡ
͸⿴ȥͼԺǰ淭󱦺ͶһһСʯͷں潫顣
æȻ죬һʱܽ
Сߵһң﷭һвɫǦʡ
Ǧ֮ǰ֪ʲôʱûעġ
Ƿˡ
СǸˣ֪˼͸椵úáⶫˣлٻһҲˡ
ԣвɫǦӹͬӵеġ
һֻɫģһֽСд˼֡
ŻԭλдõԼҡ
ûйעСٵĻڹķ䣬ľóһӷϡ
Ů˵Ƿ֮Сһֱе㷲źϵϣðӸֲԼм˷֡
Сùӣ׼ĬСֿ⣬ǺȻʶЩҪ϶ѡֿǸطԼôóȻȥ᲻Щײţ
뵽СˡĬĬ̾˿ȥŷ
ȻһϤѣθٴϮС۾󣬾ȻԼվþ˵ŷ̨ߣ
ŷһжûб䣬Ǹʮӡ
ƿռڵʱźࡣ
ʱŷӦҲǸոæӵټķϤůŷûɢȥûϴľ
һжʾûеչʱ򣬿ȴһˡ
Ӧð
ǶĻϰСɵüӿŲŷߣȥЩ˵׶ȥʲôˣ
ֱһײһϣͣ˽Ų
౻ײе۵ĶͷСԼǰһȫ͸ĸ塣һߣ˿Ž쵱ֵйŮκѵ
ԶС˵ʲôǴһýϣܸоڰ
һСɲǵĻ㱣һʱֲ徿λʵ
һŲɵ̾˿
ûж࿴תȥ䴦רΪ¹ùøС䡣
Сŷ˲ϵĵطҲǹ¹ùúλв˵ĵط
Щһ˿ģƽʱġ
˹¹ùκ˶ûԿס
ڣҲҪԿס
С뷿䣬֮ǰдֽ̯˲м䣬ֽӷ˲档
ȻһעĽ䰲ĵȴš
֪϶Ҫ
ȻСûеȶãžͱ˴򿪣˺üŷͷĹ¡
һţһ¾һɥĿ˿ڣùãκ۰㰸۾ͲˣҪǻƴɻǿô죿ȻߵĶֵʲôٶҲϣǣҲ֪ÿλʲôǰЩҸûɱˣƫ̫ӾҪɳ⡭
µСóСֿܡ
˵˻εģʵֵһ
Ȼû˵꣬СҲӦǴ̫Ҫɳ⣬ʦߵýСֿҲ
ǸӲˣһֱ֮ӽ¶ȥ¶ͱˡ
̲סǣֻһͷۡ
ŷҪӦʹķˣʱЩʳûǳе¶ֻǽ͵͵ĸ϶Ὣſٲֵ˶֪űĳ̶ȡ
ⲻСжΣֻôЩ¹ùãԼϤܰ¶ܿƲסеɸֵ̬
һĳȴȡ
û߶һй˵ò֮󣬲һֹƣˣֿһȥκ˵Ǳ̫ࡣȥ°ɡ
㰸£
Ȳˡ
ô˵ЩǾԴŲģվûٷʲôĬĬ뿪ˡ
ڷűϵһ̣ڽСԿļ
̲סһۡ
ЩһܵϡСŮҪ㰸ʱС뵽ˣпܻᴥ˹ǵļɻ䡣
ѣȴû˵
ڿκ˵ˣǵġ
κĺģЩ˿ȥӦǰȴҲǶһ¡
ֻϧС٣ûпκⷬ⡣
˼룬ǱѾ˱ϵֽʱŵ۵һµ˵ϣɫҰס
ֽСдĺܼ򵥣ֻж̶̵ļ֣ΪãֽǮϣҪٲ顣ҹһɽ˰ΣǣƾƸһСޣ˷ڼɣԻȡ
ֽ·һССơ
д֮ǰСϸ˵ġ
֪ҪôЩ£ǾԲ͡
ȥ롣
ʱܶΪ벻ͨŻɵҲ
С֪ΪˣǸһһէӣ෴ĺܡ
ôóȥ˿ûţȻȥš
ڷԴ˺СֿⲻٶˣҲͻдĶˡ
ںЩҪСȻǱԿ
һأһأ
ԺҪŪЩʲôʳĲȵĶˡ
ɵһһСĿһۣԼͽʵûеӡ
ȻҲٿˣ»˼ҡ
ոմţү˵ЦŴӺԺ˻һͷһ㡣
ǰѺԺĵȫˣ
Сڵĳֱ˹
СŵæԱߴһֱסһ
˵꣬ĳԱ߰˰֣վű𶯣ϴ˵
ת˳ʶĵͷ˿ԼĿţбմȾ˻ĽƤЬ
⸱ӿԱߴ󱦵ͱΪǶ̬Ȳ
æͣﲻӣﰮɾ㡭
Խ;ԽͲ˵СǺ
˵㡱Ų֪ôģͻһ£Ȼͻվű߳Сʱ龰
ʱӰӰ´µģҲȷʵŵ˴ϱϴĵζ
ʱѹ¶ûãڡźȻ;ԼһȣÿҲ֪϶ˡ
е߳ŭһס󱦵Ҹ£
ɤ˵֪ﰮɾԼôࣿϽȥϴϴ
˵ߴ󲽵ĳѹˮķȥ
˵껰Сͽ˳
ȻůͲտǱϨһˮϰߡ
һ˿ڿʣҲΪϴ
Ҩһˮ˳׼СһǶˮϴ֣һž۵ĽУԱ߻жֻЦ
Ծ̧ͷʱǰľûðɣ
ͼڲԶѹˮߣһ裬ס󱦣ڵͷϵˮ
Ȼߵ¶ȸߣô˵ҲǶ죡
ôһˮȥôܲ֨ҽУ
Сֻһӻĵֱֱɥʧǣ
ҲûĽˮһ飬󲽳ȥȭͷűϾһң
ˣ붳ҪˣҪ
Խ˵ԽɵþԼСʱΪϺˮȣȻ󶳲˵¡
ʱҩ̳ˮֻܱޡǿðģһ㣬ܵʱˡ
ǲֻǲ˲ˮˣȴˮӵͷϽ
СԽԽ˵Ǵ˿ǻ
˶ˣ
˵ϱɾŵȸСϴϴ󱦵Դϲ֪ôŪȫӣ˳Сϴͷ
ͷûϴأϱ͸СͷƵĳֱȻһͨĴ
˲ͱˡ
ǡҹͷӲ֡
æ趪һߣҲ˲ȥͷϻŷĭĴ󱦣סСȭͷ
´ԼƤģСȭͷϣҲࡣԵĸоϱԾզأ
һɶҲ֪ӣСӵһ
һ˵鶼ûС
󱦻һͷķĭվԱأ
ſң
ƫƫһס֮źȻȻڶʱӽ
Ҳûľͽıϰģôǣˣɶúá˻
С˺ü£ûѿǱ˻
ּĿ䵽˱ķĭ۾ˣĿǣĨ֪ĨһѵĴϣʱӵ߳ŭ
˵ͬͭǽڣôҲƲ
СҲ֪ԼĸˣȻҲûڽţ¶·ĲӴݺݵҧһڣ
ȻĹһ˦ת󱦾ߣ
һֱСӻ˳һ֮Ų
ŵԼĲӣǻһʪ۵ĵط˼ôҲ޷
ǡϱˣ


24 
Сٶȸˮϴ˸ͷ, ȻӶϴɾ
ģʹаˮӲСһȥ
ܷ, ˮȻǺɿһֱ˭ҲûҿȫӲǹԹԵĸˡ
֮󻹱ССƵĸϻ˱ѡ
ϱŮԶȥıӰ˶ƮƮģĻˡ
ۿų, ҲûӲŸȥֻʵʵھߴˮԼϴ˸ɸɾ
ϴȻûʹյǰ顣
ÿڱཪϱС, ôԶﶼġ
ˡ
Ƶüġ
ʵѹ֮Ѿ֪ϱΪʲôˡȻʹ, Ȼòˮϴ˸ͷ, ʵڲֵС
Ҳ˵
զ, ԼȢϱһǸģ
ҲǶԼԺ, , Ҳͬ
ÿķ, ʱеˮ
һ뵽Ӵ˺ԼҲһں, ־ġ
֪Сͷ, źʶʱûǰա
ʵʵĻص, , ŴѴ󱦰ȥ˯һ, ûˡ
ʱϱ϶Ҳˡ
ʰ׼д󱦻طʱȴֳѾûˣԱҵҲصýˡ
ţ˼ǰųˣ
վڿſЦͷֻ»ҡ
ʱ仹磬뵽ϾҪеĴ䣬Ŵ򿪳׼óֽʣдһһѵ
һ۾Ϳ˷ڳĴۺǮ
Ųɵһ㶡
˳
ŷ֣СѾҪõѻƱȯˣɳ֮һû
ǵһǮƱٻϱԼʱƽһֱڰеһʵء
Ȼʶ֮ǰ֣Լˣˡ
˼ҹֵĺܣûһҪþӼҹӵ˼

СǻˣȫȻ֪ôͻľٶ
ص˯֮󣬻ʱ龰ú޲ܹ굽ȥ
һ䣬ȥԼ˼µɼıۣǺЦҲǰػζţ˦˦
һСû˯ã𴲺Ÿոմʱ̾˹
ڴϣ˺ܾãҪҪ𴲣
һ뵽žͻţε˾ԼҪԭըĸоʵڹĲȥš
OO@@ϴϸС棬洫΢ĿԺŵųһ
Сƿųȥ׼緹ԶͿ۴һ
һģд⼸ѵæܸϲϻؼҳԷǳԼģù
СһͬʱȴӿЩĲֻһ̫ɺϡ
ôæԷʱôû˵أ
ȥջ𡣡
Се㷵ʱ򣬴۾˳
½СüϽ·ãٶˡ
˵꣬־ȥ·
ôһͽ¶׵һߡ
緹ŹȻûлԡ
ȻԵĺܿ졣
ʰ꿴ɫСȥ֮ǰ˵ĸϺĵطһ
ӣ˳ʱӦ磬ڳܹϵϡ
ԭСһǷŵҴһһ˵ҪȥϺҪȥ
󱦸ĵĸ˵Լһ͸ŰְȥϹúܡ
ǲùǺСֻȫȥ
û뵽ǣ󱦻û˵ѣڸϺûͦġ
ڳǰȻСǵôΡ
ĺܡ
˵ǸϺĺ̲ԶȴҪһƬʯ·ǳߣһСľбʯƬ߱ǸƽֺĿܡ
Ƕ죬ҴЬ
С椱ڱϣŻûü¨Сţ˵ʮӣ߹Ƭʯ̲
˽ʯ̲һƬƽ˺ܶĺ̲ˡ
ߵɳӺϸƽƵģů֮£·ܹϸĹ⣬ȥ
СԼɳ̲ҪϺܶࡣ
󱦺ͶСģ뿪һʱ䣬ҲȫȻİ
ǿɸܲСĵ־ȣһʱС޻ص˼԰ȫ
СԸ󱦾ʹӿڴó֮ǰװĴΣʼɳ̲Ѱ
һʵĶڣؽϸȥȻóСӷɿĿ
椣ʹСҲ˿һ㵨ӵġ
Сűĺˮ̾ʱǱѾľЦȻͼ椵ߵߵĳܹ־ٵø߸ߵģﻹţӣ㿴ץģô
Сʱ
ɿջ˼Ͷһܵ˴󱦵ߡ
ЦۣȫɳӵֳУһ԰ڣö࣡
С͵ԴߣһѣͿٵͳԼϸΣҲ˺һץӵС
ʱߵ˲࣬ΪֱҲԲ鷳Եʣʵڲ߱ʲô
żмҲ༯˺̲һߡ
ȥܹӰӰ´µĿǱ߻ͣżС
ǳûȥ㣬ڶˡǴǰҲôɡ
ǱԱСĽ͵
С˵ͷ
ЩʵҲ֪ģ˵˲١
ȻʲôлˣΪǿԷÿ˭Ҳ˵׼
ԣ͵͵̭ƴȥ㲹һֻҪ̫һҲû׷
ͺȥ壬Ϊһ֮ԼҲ͵͵Ĵ
һ񲻱ٲˡ
ֻǣС治ģעܳΪֻȥעˡ
ʱעȫôҵóԵĶˡ
Ǳкöຣˣȥ񣡡
Сûжԣ͸綼ɳӣһûȤ
ȻСԴתǳˮǳɳ̲ϵ̵ĺײϡ
һɤӺСѾͷҲȴ˻ػվҪܣȴСһס
һ㣬Ȼû뵽ԼжᱻֹվСһһģίˡ
ű𶯣СҲͣʹ˹Ůһֱۣˣ˸ߣתȥԼ顣
ˮкײˣȻͿˡ
Ƕ죬ߵˮû̫Ҳúµˮȥ
ɳ̲ӣұǣؼһѾˣºʵڲء
˿ǳƯŵĺˣвԶĵطЩʯͷ̲Сһ˿ź
Щʯͷ϶вٺöٲõģݣзܻϼֻ
Ҫ֮ǰˮһ󲡣СӰԼܶסǷջ󣬿Թȥˡ
һ̾Ϣ
Թʵ̫ˣ󱦶ˡ
Сһһ£䵽ߣ˵ҵݴнЬ
ЬСüе㲻ķʡ
֪û֪кܶೣĶ֪Ҳûм
ֻ֪ﲢñ˷һ㣬Բ˵
ֻǺĵĸСͣǺɫģͲȻǽģˮˮȥ
˵Ȼ˵˺һ֮ͨСȻƺľԱ߾ͷôһ˫Ьӡ
ֻǵʱ֪Ǹʲôõġ
һ뵽ԼȻҲôһ˫۾ʱ
ȻûºջȻСȵԤϡ
ǲץ˺öӣ˼ˮɳ̲ϵĺأкָܶܶǴСз
з̲ʵ̫ˣൽС˵Ҫץʱ󱦶¶ı顣
С˹ǣСһԴϰһѣȴûн͡
Сôܹзζأ
صҵʱѾӽ磬˵һԷС緹
ȷʵûл
ϵʱݺ˵ĺó˿ˮȻϸΣףкõİײ˿һ󻹽ûը͡
ζʹԶҲŵ
ȻûлԷ
ϣط˯СڿСϣĵһһϴץСз
зⶫԵľһ֣ǲܾ÷ŵģһȫܳˡ
϶ʰ
зʵ̫СˣϴˢǸлһʰǼͷȫʰʱСԼˡ
ŴӵվȴһûվȣЩһͷ˳ȥ
Сģ
ʧҪȥץһʱ򣬸첲һֻůĴַס
ֺ˲䣬СһӾͶˡ
ʶķֽסŵĸ첲յһֱȵͷѣȥ֮󣬲ɿ
̧ͷ˵һллȴŽüͷ
ϵĲ˯ڸʲô
˿һ۷ڵϵĿԱ߷ŵͣһ޳ɵĳ
Сеĸм˲ɢ
һ˻һ䣺û¡Ҫȥ͡
ûȥѾǰһȽͱһߵϡ
ʲôһۡ
һٴüͷʶĳһ˴꺹ëըĸ첲
ŪЩʲôһĿСǸӡ
ϿۺǮ¶Ĵܴһ޶û˯š
СӴ⼸췢֣·ӰһԺﷴطš
Խ룬ĵ׵Խࡣ
ָоСӺȻõһŴûüأֱߡȻ˻صĸǱǸģŪˣû˼ҡ
ָоûӵй
𴲵ʱֻͷ۵ģﻹһ˵Ļš
ȻԼе㲻Сˣ˫ֱ׵ӿԼĶ˵Ҳû޵˼㲻Ҫ̫ࡣ
žܻеס
ԣҴҵдǸͷһͬӱһң
Ӫһ죬мƻд棬սʿһѵԼæת
ٷǸ߳ȥġ
ӣ廹ܸжüҪæҸɴŪȥˡ
ѣû˼˵ԼĲ
ɾæҲʱ޿̵Ĳڵ£رڷʱ
ǻʶ룺ϱʲôóԵˣǻ᲻ᵽң֪᲻
ţԵʲô֪ˡ
д걨ȥ˸ڣվڸڴڱһվ˻ƽʱǳ¶æ첻ؼҶǾġ
ɽ죬ȴԽվԽţܾʲôо֮
ȻˡԭΪĻҪϲԼСϱ
Բܷ֣ΪǼʲôȥ׷õã
ʲôǡáһͲܡá
ܣͰ
һ㣬һӾȻˡ
֪СȥѧǸлǴѧȻ֧֣Ҳ߾ȫȥԸ
ҪǲС
˵Ƥ޳ܣ˵㻰ôУǾԲſ֡
ûи
ܽܣžͲţԼ治ϱǿˣ
ô꣬ѧҪĶǼ͸ǿ䡣
ǰǧգҲҪֱǰη
ӱʲôģŵֵǸǾڵģ
ԣϱģǿʯͷҲ¶ıҪȺˡ
ͨһ㣬һҲӪˣֱٶܻ˼ҡ
һžͿϱλƣҡҡ׹ӣЩûಡų
ǾĻѿڶ
ϱֱ䵭ı飬ŶбԼһٵ˼ˡ
ֻԼզô
˵ʲôҲˣСѾڰԼ͡
æ˹ȥĶ
СҲתȥʰϵľ衣
ýϱʾ̨߷źãž¿ɸˡ
һҪ뿪˼ûУǶµΧСϹơ
СŪеĪ
ˣһֱڶԼ
ʲô
ȥýЬʱС˺ϵĴۺǮˡ
ʱֽ˼
һ뵽˵ǮԼʱǸ˸߲ҵӣѵõе𣬿ʼԼΪǲǸ˵ûˣ
ϵȵôʵǴͼ˼ġ
û뵽һ˾ͲףԼһ١
ʱСǵǸȫʧˡ
ӣ۲ĲĿʼзζǶһ¡
Ż˰죬ںƤյС󣬴ͷλ̽ͷȥʣʲô
зСͷҲûء
֪зŪЩСз׼ôԣ
Ŵչԭϱ׽ƫͿóϺõĻƾࡣ
ʱ۵һһģֻ޲Ҫȥ
Դ֮ǵжûмˣοôõģǴʳİ
ŵ˼ţ׷Ҳ˵ʲô
ǻߣݲָֻšƾٺãҲģϱôɡ
ľ㣬ǳϾƾôཹཱུĵǷСзǿƲסǰ̽̽Դ㡣
СʲôʱҲûкôοһˡ
ŵǰؽĺϣȺϢĶ߷һ˲ͷƤʼˡ


25 
СԱ߲˲, ܿ˵ĺȻڳһָָֻз
һ
ѹû뵽Լô, ϱȻ˷
ԱƿϴĹǣȻһ΢΢ӭ
֪СϨһˮϰߣѾʮһ, ﻹǾǼӲϨأ
ôϨ˵ڵǾԲŵġ
ŹΪ»ּӸӵļ, һʱָоӿͷ
ŹһСе֡
뻹˵һ䣺ҽϨ, Ӧö̫Կ, Ҫٸȡ
ãء
æӦ, ˵ŻǻȵСһ˳
΢ǸѣͷΪ׼, ԱƽԵҪϺܶࡣ
, һǽ˿Сè, һǺ˿ײġ
һһǱ˷һĺ
ôʢ, һʱе㲻¿ӡ
ö, ʵǡ
Դϱ֮, ǳԵ̫˵㡣
е, Ҳ̤ʵ
СƳ˲ǰһ, ʼ͡
èǴɩģ˵ϳȥʱ򣬿˸ʳͣʳõ˲Ҫ̫Сʰ鷳ͶŪˡغǽϺġڰײ˺ˡ
ǽȥϺˣе㾪ȡ
ûŪĻϱ˫ˣӦûм
뵱֮ԲԸԼҪһɾǲ뻻»᲻ϰߡ
죬Ϻˣ
СȻҲѾ뵽һ㣬
ȥģοԺҪȥϺĴֻ࣬ҲûıҪ
˵ͷɩӳȥλãԭǺȥʲôû뵽ôȻӣץз϶֪ҲӺôץзһѺ֡
˵ԼȤ¶СȻ£۾ģƽʱ˺öࡣ
ûдôţĿԽԽ͡
ϲָо
ϱŵʱõһΣҲ˵һΡ
߶߶˵ǸϺʱӶǿıԹԼӶ硭
ֻů̲ס̾
һڲ֪ĵȥ
ϱҲԽԽȣԽԽִš
룬أ
ܹӵһңһӣһӶ֪ˡ
Ϊܹάֵĸһ㣬ܹһֱȥʲôϣ

ϵӲĺþúþöˡ
ޱ飬ȴκˣ
Сֿⶪһ¶ˡ
Ҳɹǲǽڹ
˺þãʲôҲûв
Ͼŷڻʹʲô˶Գġ
ÿ˶ޣһҲǻȥ͵һףһ͵
ԣڲ˺ܶ죬ȫ鲻κ˿£ֻܽèͻƴɵͷϡ
ɴӱ˵ˣҲû˭š
ղκǽгȥѵȻ˵㰸Ϲأɻﻰ˼
κѾæѹȥˡǰ¶Բ׷ԺͬҲܷ
жĻŷȥһ˾ȫˡ
ʱеңΪֻˡ
û뵽Ȼ鰸ϼôһӣ
̲סֽ֣յϸƣԽԽó
ֽڹô꣬ûм˵Ĺ⻬滹ǳɫĺơ
ǺҲ֪ôӡȥģͬҳϵּһ㣬
дֵıʣȻһɫϸıʼɿõëҲǹгЩ
ֽ¶λûŵǶƣֻʶһ⡣
֮ҪʲôأҪ˵Ǵ˽֮ˣƶ֮
뵽˽ڣֻԼͣʶ߬סֽŬס
Ķ࣬ʵ¶һȫ޷͡
˵СֿĶôģ˵ֽγϵģ
ļǵԼ뿪ʱϳ˱û
ŷûкţղȫۼǰԺ˵һˣһֻһɽû֪
οⷿ仹š
ԽԽ̾ȰϵҪȥ׼
ȻҲϵҪЩ˼ʲôã˵Ļȥܲд
һףˡĬţӰùһֽдһ顣
ԼලŹȥõĻ
˵ӣԭλûҶһ¡

Ȼͷһ˯úڶŻ糣𴲳ȥܲ١
СҲ˴
֪˻Щĳɷ棬æҲġ
ȻӦҪܺһӵͷҪ˳Եĺһ㡣
ѷŽţóʰ˵һϽ˿è·
ܲһȺ緹Ѿˡ
ûмҪμӱˣӪһβμȫŵľ´ƴȷӪ˵ǳҪ
Ҳȷʵûʱ䣬Է̣ǱСûнӽ߾Ѿ극Ĩվˡ
»ҽۺǮóСܾĽǮָϡ
ſ˵šæҲʱʱڼҡҪȥμӱ䣬һȥҪ£ﲻûǮá
ʵ¶СѾ̫˼ǿӲľܾô˵ֻĬĬĵ˵ͷ
Ӧŵٴ¶Цݣ˿ûһҪε˼üɫֳС˵ţ߳ȥ£ӹůƿͲÿˮˡ
Сֵ˵ͷ
ûмůƿӦú͹ˮõƿࡣ
һ뵽ôһʢˮһȿˮҲܣҲͦ˵ġ
ϲҲЦ
ϱôһɵЦһֱŵ
źȻһ£æٴνҲˣϱˣ˵ǽ϶ȥҳ԰ȥ˵Ǹǽӷ磬ǰüͺҴкˣ˵ɩҪǰ
˵Ҫȥ˼ͣСеԥ
ôûȥ˼ͣûӲ֪мûʲôء
Ҫ׼ʲô𣿡ʳ
һ£һӦϱࡣ
סôһž͹ȥˡϱ˵ѹ벻Ҫ׼¡
һ룬СʱɩӿרŹġ
ǡһ㣿
ĥһ£ȻһӣͰǸзҨһǶ˹ȥС
ܶҨƣǻ˳һڡ
СϵĶһ٣ȻޱԹĿһۣѵˣҲ̫Ĩӡ
ֻõ˵ͷ
ȴһ仰Ҳûж˵
ȻȫûʶϱĲˬֻý濪ģȫˡ
նࡣ
˵Ͼۻᣬɴһ㶼ûС緹ûãصĸϹԼȥæ
ôĻ˵ǣĽ㣬һӶ˼һڿлˣúõʾһգȫ˻߶ң
໹˵ˣСҸ֣Ҫʲôֻ˵ұ֤ȫ㱸ˣ
˵ô˵СȥҳһȦ֮󣬻͵͵̾˿
ιӣƿӣм֪˶ٴεĴϺһС黨֮⣬ʲôûС
ĵϣôܰѲõζ
ֻҲһͥã˵ͨͥǺõġ
Ϊ˽ϵľۻᣬ໹ܵسȥһ⣬һ鶹ܲЩԲᣬ֪Ķһֻ
Ϲ˲࣬⣬ֻиӪıԬܺԺǺ廹Сϵġˣ㿴ɩӸ֣
ô˵СʼָͷȥССһʮ
һĹأСͨǲģڳԵľʹˣðһ㡣
С϶
˿̯ڳϵĶѾԺγɡ
ɩӣҰѼɱ˰ɣ㲻ùܣԼС
ô˵ҲûʣʹĴӦˡ
ǴӾģȻͨҪࡣԹСĲ֪֮ļͥ϶һ㡣
˼ͨдеģҲЩܴ˵ķӡ
ЩȻԼҲ˵еķ϶С
֪С˵ʱԱˣȻһʱܿ
Сɲ֪Լ˵һ仰ȻɩԲôࡣ
֮ԲôԱߣʵǡõϡ
С֪ȻܺԼһôô
ΪһĳӣмܲΪϲṆ̀ˡ
ڳתһȦʵûסǳų֡
󱦴Ӧһ͵ߵߵܻ˼ңԺ˼ëĴ಻Ըˡ
Сȱʲô˵ɲҴò˰
֪СϱǸʵڵģ˭ҵĶԲꣿĶ־˵ĵ
ûɩӣõԼĽ˿˶ѡ
˵̲ˣŲ˵ˡ
ͷ˭һ缸̳̲˰õⲻֵʲô
Ҫ̲ѽɩӻײأ̨棬ҪԼá
ϣ

ʰɾСͽȥ֮󣬴ͿʼżСһһȥʳýӣꡣ
ʳרȥ˶ʮͷ
̧Ŷֵĸϻʱ򣬻ԶĴǿӾȽ
óԵˣҪˣ
ܻܵҲʹ˿ȥҪȥ̼ҳԷҪ㣡
ﻹӣӵĻһ˹ȥ
ۼأǵϢԺҲˣŴ󱦣ȥ̽ȥ˼ҪǲҪ
˵ĴԱһɵ֣˲С
СʲôҲɲˣƤȴòС
ô˵һûĸŲǹŲҪǣǳԵö࣡
һ仰˵඼̲סЦ
һ˵˵ЦЦ˼ţȻǾȻѾˡӦǵ͵£˵
챻ϱò˺÷ιţŴ˿̵鷴ǵࡣ
֮ô࣬ȴëͷСһƲסһķ̽Դ
սžߥţȥϱæʲô˶˳ɶռط
ôһĿڣû
ʲôˣ˳ʣߣߣߣû¶ȥȥﵹæ
ûĳ˻˻֣һ˵
ԼġıʶƣҲе㲻˼Цйĸӣڴ󱦵Դߣ˼¡
ߣ۲ңȥҷ
˼ֻųԷļһ˳һʵǰҲһ
ĲˣΪЩûͳţϵسġ
򵽵ʱ˰죬ýϯ϶õĳֵģôҲĴˡ
ôҲû뵽Сܰϯôų
Ѿãֻ¹ļӣ¯еļ˶ɵˡ
СĶŪô˰ǰҵҲҰ˰ɣ
ûУ׼ġѽɩӣá
СһĸˣɩӣȿŻҰ⼦ҼȥȻ¯Ӳá
𶯣ȥȥ
ҪȥǻŴһչ޼æС첲Сȶģţ
ǽģС̲סҲЦɩӣɱСңأ˵Ż˾ٻŹ֡
ô˵ҲֻǸЦ
֪С˵Ķʵڻ
ʮһŷջСѾͷʼеĿۻСһûȫ
࣬Ͱߡ
վڵϣֻ־ŹһǼʱ΢˵㣬ߵܾܿͻճףʱͻᰤµķ
ӣǰĺ󱳳ⶼ˵ˣϥǶ֪˶ٴΡ
СȸǱþ·߲ˡ
ӰʲôǳԲµأ
ڵ˼һǶģȻ˵ȥСҲţֻǸ˻ȻͿʼųˡ
νʢ
С׼߲һֱǣײ⣬˿⣬ذײ˿Ӽз
ֻõ˼£ͷӣţȥжܲһ˸
ȣСͼѪӴӴҷһľ͸Ģһ˺ռ
һֻĵһ
ҺǼһҲڳԷ
СͷҲûע⣬ѲȫãѾ͸ˡ
С뽫ǳԵķ˲һߣСϴϴ׼ȥʹ˵Կˡ
ոž˵ء
СôҲû뵽ģһžȻῴѹѹһ˾վԺм䣬ȫĲɵ˵ʲô
ţЩ˼ͬʱȫͰ͵Ŀд˿


26 
Се񿴵ͷƤ, ҭһ²ųǸԳԷˡ
Ȼ;Լ۾һľգ۵Ĺ, Ⱥ˾ȫӵ˳
ҵ죬ɩӣǰǼһĻʳѶóˣҲ̫±ˣ
ⶼɩӵգҿ֪߳԰ڵĲǴţˡˣܴһ꣡
ɩӣɩ, ӪӪ̵ԱǶȥ, ǿɩӣλ

СǸ, ǰŷʱҲû۹, ҲûбĹ
ƢԷǶû˭ô˵, Ҳôڵʱ
һʱеӦˡ
ڽ˹Ҫϯʱ, Се, ɵó¶Ŀ⡣
ӽ˳, ŵ۾СϣҲûƿ
öԼСϱ, ÿӴһ, ܶ෢һĶ֮
֪Сպ, ȴ뵽ܺó, һ֧ôһϯ档
Ҳ̫ܸһ
һ뵽, ܸ̲סۡ۳ʲô˰
еûڴӦξۻˡ
ӦʱҲû뵽Щ˶Ҫϱ
˺ܶ࣬ʱֻȥһ˲
ڽյϱݹʱż붼û룬ֱʶĴ߹ȥסСֽһקԼ
ϣͻˣǣӪ⻤ʲôǾɩλǸɩӽӷģλӦõģ
Ǹݵ˽еף
ੲݵ˵ûˣС̲סԼ˵߿˿һ㡣
ܵǹϤĵԽԽֻԼ󱳶Ҫˡ
θиȻ
ɤӳԼǰʹQ˻֣͵ĳȥȥȥ˵˵ɶǸˣĶʲô𱰣ʲôλλģϱ϶ǸǱڰڶһʳóԷȥ
ô˵ҲЦ
ͬʱһȻһͶȥϷʵĿ⡣
ϱͻϱôûʵʲô
ĿתһСģСʱеϷѾ˲ת˳൐Ľ
Ҫ˵Ӫأؼ͸ӶȢϱôܸɵģ
붼˼ʡ
ŲŲȥЩô룬СӿһʹºҲûɣ·¶Ƶġ
Сûѡ
˿ȥûʹôţôҲ
СʹĲһš
Ц۽ǵӶ¶ˣüëһ£סȴֽ˼֡
һĨϼĴӶ𣬺ܿ콫СȾˡ
ôǰСֲ˼ֻ̫Ǹ쵰ôţһȫоӡ
ȴ޲ðһٴΣ
ΪӪ̵ԱԹɫȻǲġԼֵһ޳ܵģֺֺЦȴֲòԲ
æ˵Ŀ֮ǰкŴһλĵط
λȻҲ׷
ſڵʱЩʵѾƮζùǺˣ֮ǰţһ۾ҲƲס
ˣȴ˵ˣҲû˶ӣһһûмӲˣȫɵˡ
˵ˣ嶼һ
Ƿ͵ʱϱǸϼƹģ˵Ҫȥ⣬˵͸ʳôкǰæһֻ
ţм⻹жټӸزˣճĴ裬Ѿǳˡ
˭룬һ繦Ů˾ȻŪôණ
⣬ϱźͰ˼Сϵã˼ҴϼҴǵӼҵ׶ͳ˰ɣ
Ŀ˴һۣĿ˺Եĳ
౻һ죬ȴû粵һѲˣʵҲе飬ԼЩһӡ
ΪŮˣʱҪ棬ֻЦޣˣʼ԰ɡѲ˷ˣǿ˷Сɩӵա
ôһ˵ʱҷ׷˿ӣһʱ̾˷ȫ޲ڡ
żһռӷŽʱ޵üëŨ㣬ˬ࣬ϸ׽һ£ǳζζ˵⼸꣬ôûгԹ
תͷϱͶȥ͵һƳ
һƳȴɵһüСֻһˣĿͷ
ǰȻֳԼҳԷʱ龰Ȼʶһ¡
ǾǡСǸˣڼҳԷùģ
һΧһƻ¿磬˲˵սǣ￩һ
˵ץСǰ룬ĴźóԵİһ飬ֱװ˴·Żǰ԰ɡ
϶ʱΪ֮һȻ󱬷һЦ
ҿʼŶŶ壬Ҳ˲ǰһӪ֮ˣȫſʼ
ϱҲû˭ˡ
嶼ԸٰˣһߺٺЦſЦʱʱĻ
ûûƤˡ
οǰһһȫǹͬܰѺ󱳽еֵܣЦһûʲô˼ﻹ̵ġ
ֻ޲ȫ˶֪Լϱж⡣
СĶǰĳŪˡ
ʹ֣ǻ쵰βſɴҲˣһֻҲСֽĻġ
СֻԼҪˣֻҧأͷõ͵͵ģǰŵĲװľͷˡ
ֻܿо·ԽԽԶ
֮ǰȷʵûҼвˣΪʲô겻ġҲмˣʵѾĸԼǰһЩϰߡ
ϾҪס
ֻĸϰߣȴҲҪһʱ䡣
˿̵Ȼе޷ӦôһӴˣǺİͬԷ
ֳ־нͱŤҲβסġ
ôҲû뵽žȻڴ֮ͥôһʽ־ȣȴֲܸ
ζСûйġ
ԽԽ죬С춼ҪҧѪ۾ǱɣһҪ޳˵ģں֪ķ֡
ԼˣСϱˡ
ɿ֡
룬ڨڨּһֻڵСзСЦϱⶫôţ̽Ұ
Щˣ̭ţĿһûͣţôת۵Ĺ򣬲˶Ѿ˴
ⰡԲᣬ˿ҲԵĿҪ̡
Ψڱϵзû˶һ¡
ʵǡžͲĶ
С̧ͷ
Ȼ֪ڸԼӣɿúõһзȻû˶һ»е㾪ȵġ
ʶȻںפЩƺںζʳ÷˽̫̫١
СȻͶһ뷨
ǿѹɬ˰׵ָСзչʾһ¸ҿ
Ȼ˵зСҲе鷳ζȴǼõġֻҪĺȥȻȥ٣ĲλԿɳԡĿǶϲĻǽҲû⡣
˵ţɴ൱һ˵棬ʾһγз
Сͷһô˵۾ע³Զο붼ˣĵ߾ѿԲᡣ
ȴӲͷƤš
⼸ɩ죬һûһĴӴ׻СѾ֪Ļʳĺ͵߳˵ȫһ
߳統ʱ˵ʲô⣬ʵһ䷹
³ܳһϸ֮⣬ɲսʿǴ󲿷ʱԵĶǴˡ
ٶѿѳϼΡ
½Ȼ޻˵ƫƫź
ӴС˽⵽ڵԭ½ΪսҪȫǨġ
£Ա˾Ӷ࣬ʱûмսʿӾ
˽ͧȫ³һš
Ǵӵ˺ܶרŴӱĲӵһЩսĹٱѵһĹ򣬲ǰˮһظ˷ˡ
ȫ£ʵʹˮ˿ϰ߻ԱΪ
ڳСȥ֮ǰ˵붼СȻôóԣ
ξ۲ͣȻűֵĺܲףСַĳ嶯
ҲˣЩӦöǳ׽
ȻҲ˵ķɡ
ȻͺŽһЩôԺʡ
ֻѧ˳ԣǲŻѧϰȥ̵ֻв̵ĶˣɲսʿǵĻʳŻߡ
ССڻʹﳤ󣬶ĿȾҲ֪ǿضҪǿĵ
ڵĳʹû˵һҿ˿۾˵Ŀǵܴഫ
飬ȻѾطҲϣܹǿ׳ܹ͢ȹ̣ƽ
ο˿ͼҲ
ڸϺ˶ˣ᲻Ӱ쵽ջ
һС붼û롣
˵ģԺûĸ˶ĹءοԼϺţʲôʱ˶š
СָţĽһֻСзж˿飬һ߽˵ţһһֻзŷŽ˱һ¡
־Υ˵ʱ۾
ûгԵζˡ
ȻΪŷ£ɻʹشƽԭзֲĶƽҲǳԲġ
ֻżżܹͷ˴Ӻ̳Сзȥ˿˻һЩֻʵǺٺ٣
һȥСȻҪ˵ɴͷ
һȺ˵ýζȻֹͣˣȻôͷ
Сзôóԣ
ǿ򶨵СɩӶɬ
Ҫԣ
Ŀ໥ţȻͬʱĿӡ
˱ǵĶ죬
СһзȷŽͬʱžѾһ
ûϱϸ£ͷһһСзôſСѧȥзз֮󣬸ɴֱȫ
һڽȥ
Żһݣֱͦˡ
⣬Ҳ̫ãԣˣ
ϣͷ
зĿȷʵϱ˵ģһӾҧˡȻһ̣΢֭ˮʱǻͬʱһŨľ
ζ˵һһͣˡ
ŶҶһָоͻһʧɲüϸƷ֭ˮѾźػȥ
֮һůڳθɢ
ͲƲ˲еθ·һӾˣʼĽˮƲסǻ졣
źȻ뵽죬Լ˵ҪзʱϱԼԹС񵽵ô˼ˣ
ڵˣ
ȺӾҪӣٶȽץԼǰ
ĿһֳĿ˵ǼǱߵĿζ̫̫ʺǡˣһûȥͷɩԡ
ȫ̧ͷһ־ﵽ˼ı鿴ţϷ
飬ʵ̫ˣָſסӵĶй¶ʵ˼
ҽȻӪ﹤ɲŹܣǰ͸һ㡣
ĵĳ忴һۣ˲ɫĽһ
Ȼ˻ԼӪĲҪ˵ʱ򣬾ͼ͵سҸһʶʱѾѸײڶ֮Ƴȥһһѽ˹
ʵû뵽Ⱥ˾Ȼڷϸ͵Ϯ
ֱҪǸ
վȾҪȥȻһҲλˣӾܡ
ззٶ˲ȥһȻζȫռΪУ
һȺһʿǰְСɲɶƿԣ
ûܳͱ˴ӵĸ˻ʱҳһš
Сֳ棿
Զ˲ˣȫΧ֣һǽֵģ˵ĸ¸ҽС
ȺǣҲ·䣬֣޺һѡ
СĿɿڴԭأﻹŸһСз˶Ҫˡ
Ҳû뵽ôзȻһս
ԱߵĴԭ־Ц˲Уٿ⸱ӸЦͣҲֻıȺǻöࡣ
˺һڰЦ˻ȥСļģˣ£û¡˾Ǿʢ˾ɶҲûˡİɣĲ˭Ƥʵء
Се㲻ϰߣüګګʣǲз̫ˣﻹһЩҪҡ
ɱ𣡡æ
һֺɸֵ˵Щ˵θ޵׶жҲǳԵģСɩ˵㣬ӼЩֻԽԽ٣ԺҪŪ治һŪԣֱôɣʡŵɡ
С˵ͷ
֪ɩ˵ĶǷθ֮ԡ
ӦǿԼЩͣˡ
ȻСܿƵĲûϯЩӦóֵĲƷνõȷʵԼĴȻҲȷʵζ
ĶˣȻǻⷹ˺óԣƷʲôǲܵġ
ɴ಻ͬԲԼʲôǲҵĵȻһھֱܷĳ
С֪ɩĶãҪͶұ
۾Ķ˵ɩӣôҳԵúõ㣬ҲôҳԺá
౻˵
ദôһĺ˵Ǻڰ׷ӣʶľѡš
ɵҲջЦݣô
Ҫ̴ҳԺʡ
üСͣѺرóԣȻζ㣬ֻΪڣʵҲкܶ෽ġ


27 
, СָָԼззߵǣʯͷ̲ǱӦûбִܶġ֮ǰҶȥҾҪԭǲԡɽԺ, Ǿͻ˰ɩӣûµʱԴǿӣҲȥһЩ
ô˵̲סһ
Ƴһۻڵļˣҡҡͷ, ɡһε˷ҶٵϰЩǰưģҸɵɶ, 
СĻ˵һҭֻܾȣʵҲһз, ִЩĻ, ˮһ£մ㽪֭ζҲܺõġ
ô˵, е㶯ҡˡ
ղСзûţǵıҲܹóζ϶൱á
þȥ᲻, ֻˮ, ֭, ǵԡ
һȥԣ
СС˵ĵ˵ͷ
Լ˵ЧҲ, ָһ֮ǰʢӻкصӣɩ, ЩҲҸϺ, ҲûǮ
һô˵, ೹˾񡣸ղԵʱһֱĥСŵĵʲô
, ȻԳǱˣɾһ֣ıģȥ˿Ҳֱ治
ڰײ˰ǸȫûгԳǸʲô
зһϲĽⶫ˰
ûһѵĿҪСӳҲȫûġ
˵ϺܼЩȻҲҪȥϡ
ôСûȥĥ˿̵Լ˼·˵
зǶ鷳ʺϴʿǳԷʱ̣ʵ̫ʱˡӻкضǿԵġ
ͽһзϷָɾ
֮ǰǽ죬Ҳû⡣ȻСתʳãսʿϣʱȫֹ֣ͣһΧ£˹
ΪһӪ֮ڹؼʱȻ˸Ķࡣϱô˵͵һһʳСղ˵ⶫʳҲ
ʳζЩҲСսʿǵĻʳɾܸƺܶˣ
ԡС̸һǳ϶Ļش
ЩߵǣҪˣÿȥһ㣬ûĻǣǰæȥ񶼲£Ҫ⣬򶹸򵥷ࡣ
ЩҳԲһԭһǲԣзһǲӻкء
С˵ţ˵̣ӣбı࣬ҲǷǵôʹϵȥ
ͼĻˮŵΣһͣϸһܹɳµĺܸɾʱڿȡ⣬һ𳴻㲻רΪͣζҲ㹻
ֺأֻͬҪݣϴҲܳȥɬζˮ裬߲سҲóԡ
Щ֮ǰɩǵè㣬С鷳һ㡣ֻҪɾһͲǷڹСһֱ֣һȥζҲģԲῨɤӡˣСǳ˻Գͷ
ͷǾǲư
С˵˻ûڣһҪ˷ܵˡ
ѧҽӪѧȻÿһ˶˽ĸࡣ
פߣÿѵѲߣ岻ɲսʿǵĶǾ޴ġôΪǲӪһֱһδ⡣
ڹѣҪΪǲ⵰ǲܵģֻܴ֡
ֹһӪѧҪԺ㣬ھƴ۸ӣǸȻһжץסܾܿͻΪԷĳ롣
벶㣬Ѻѡ
ذЩССϺ˵ˣԼ˼Ȱ˵ȥԣΪ̫ѳˣ
ӪɩһӲԹóԵĲˡ
ɩӽ˵һǱЩóԵĲ˻
ܹɩ˵ֻҪĽսʿǳԽȥĺζǾܴǳӪزĴ⣡
뵽£źô벻
˵ȼʳСȥʳðæԸȥ𣿡
Сһ㶣һʱеûӦæô﷨ǽѯĿͶ˹ȥ
ôһŷ侲
Ȼ뵽ԼСϱжߣһԸ⵽˶ĵطȥ
ʵ̫Ҫˣ
Ĭһ£֯һԣźĺСղ˵ЩǾǿеġֻǾ˵ģⲻȱϣû˻
մҶˣԸԸȥʳðæ̴̽°Щսʿǣ̫ʱ䣬ѷ̸ǾС
˵һ̲һ䣺ҿø߳ȥ㵱֡
һϤм໥ţϱ᲻Ͳôˡ
ôҲû뵽ǣСȻɵľ͵ͷӦˡ
áȲȥʳˣҪѧʹӸϺѧҺɩһȥϺɡ
֮ǰûӦֲȥʳôȥ
һ죬û⣬ҪȥҲԸ⡣
ϾһһֻڼԼСӡ
£Ǿʹɲһˡ
¼ȻԼ˵ģСҲûҪ̯ӣȻᾡľİ˽̻̺á
úúã
Ӧϲ˵緹Ҿø߳㱨С˽ˣáҪǲƤģҲø˭˵̸ֱ㻻õı
һͷԵÿνԱԺûǴҪģСһһõĻ֮ÿһ˶ĵ˷ܺͼ
ӶʰɾˣҲô˹ǷЩ˻ð⣬Сߣʸͣ
ֱ෢쮣ȫ˳ȥⳡۻɢ
󱦺Ͷ椷һѾ۵ùǺ󱦻ǿܹߣѾöˡ
ŽӱڱϣС֮ǰ룬һ˼
һֱӱңת˲ûѾ˯ˡСԭӹ椣ȴҡҡͷˡ
˵žԾͱźȥݡ
Сһ£ûиȥȥ˳ˮϴ
ʱ򣬸߳ůˮƿ͹ˣ̾ˮ˽ȥ
ůƿˮ̹̣Ǻ͸պõһģһСǾȣҲǻϲ
ԺҲŻˡ
Һˮ˻ؿϴϡոշźã˽Ų
֪Ž椰úóˡ
ȱߣһ£º˵ûлͷ˵
СսʿȥϺ¶䡣
˽ŲԶһ£ȻܿһȺʹ˹ͬʱĳ˵ĴԴȻ͵ļͷ
Сȫû뵽״ʱ嶼סͷزˡָֻ񱻿סһ㣬ᶯˡ
ϱˣ˵ʲôҶ
ǴԴſŻʵĲ˲䣬Ȼľ˿޳ܵ˵
˵⻰¶Сһʱû֮ǰɩӼ˰Щ¶
һſڣЩǰһһӹ
ʱ糺죬³ɺޡȫӿ
ˣ
з
Сеĵȫɡ
ץëͷͺϣȻ˳ƾסͷԴԼļϳ
˾ͳȥܼȦѾƣ˳ۼſܵӪܻܵݣ
˵ţԴϻʪëž쬵ſڸϡ
һ䡰ۼҡȡšˮʪ·ϱͷҲһ㶼գһ߹Цţһ߻˳ȡëššϲһѡ
Ȼ󽫻С˸ٺɵ֣ϱ֪ˣ֪šë¾ȫˡ
СؿڹͣĽصһŲȥȴ׵ĶսȭͷǼӲظȴۡ

ϱգ۾ﶼỨҲˡĽ˸Ȱݣڿ¡
Ű˸ԱߣɫǸĿ
СҲǹҪģǡûü˵֪ͨ˵ҪҹȥæҪȥܺܳһʱ䶼ܻ
ϱˣ˵ȺŻûüζأҪ뿪ʵʵЩ᲻á
ָоջǵģķһû˵ϱãһͿƲסҪ𤵽ϣһҲƿ
ô˵Сһ
֮ǰĵЩһʱҲ˲ˡ
ðĵһ뷨ǡν᲻ԭйϵ
뵽СһʹһǰδеĵľźͿ־ʱϯ
˲Σһץסŵ䣬еѯʣĶȥ೤ʱ䣬ʲôʱ
û뵽ϱķӦô
Ͼ¶˵ϡƽ
ŵСò԰ףŵȴӿһ˵
С߬סָֺֻ£ԼĴֽм䡣
ſ˵صǻܲ˵ʱҲʱûȷģ¶ˣǰҲûйûʲôΣաҾ͸дš
⻰ôܹοСأԽ˵Ŀ־塣
ĵļʵ㲻˵ҪȥμӱϵʱˣΪӪȥУ
ŶȻٺЦ۾ô᲻ѽ
˵껹ôߵͷϸ˸¶н̵Աء˵׼ôˣѵòˣֻҪշУʲôҴıڲڶ⡣
Сҧ´û˵ûз˵Լ᲻ߵĻ
˿ҳһš
ԭļģû˵ľʱ䣬ԭ
ֻ֪ڹů͵ʱ
Ѿ·ˣ˫ůҲûжˡʲôģã᲻ỹûѾʱˣ
ͿƲסĻţȴȫȻ벻һİ취
ϱһֱ˵̽Ѱĳȥ
ȻͿҧ´һֻʵı飬ʱ
סļ˵ԼĻͷԼؿϡ
̾˿Ķ˵СҺˡ
С¶ϡͿľ˵ˡڡ֣Ϊ˵ˣԸȥˣʱ
۾ٿ
Ȼ˼˵ǰ˵ЩʲôߵĹƨ㶼˰ɣҲˣⱲӶġ
С
ѧһǲ㣬˾ͱüŻؼңҪѧĻ뿪ң뿪ңǲСҪǸ治ؼңҾʹŶӹŮȥܶԶҲȥҲ㿸
С
ˣ㻹ȥǸʲôɡ
ͼֱӣȴ˰ø·ܹǻ
ٶҡ
СǹɾһӾɢ
ĬƬ̣Ȼ˵ͷ˵һá
ŻҪôȰ˵ϱأȻôһ䣬ʱ˶һ£һʱе㻳ǲǻ
һŷӦϱǴӦˣ
ӦԼúùӣþһˣ
͵һֱӣ˫İסС˫磬˸ű˵⣺Сղ˵ʲô˵һ飡
˵ǸáֵͬʱСĶ
Ͼһֱķ·һõĵط
ֲɵǰȫȫĴá
ԭѧ뿪Ͳ׷
ôһֱΪ֮ŬģͼһԼļңһݰȵ
Щˡ
֮⻹һõˣһϲĶŮ
ΪʲôӦ
ˣֻҪܹƽƽĻԺҾͺúúӣҲ뿪Ļ۾֣سŵ
ɾ͸û˿ʣһ۾ܿס
Ŵ۾׾Ϳˡ棬Ͽҡ
ȴΨûи顣
ûԼֳҵϲ
һźϾȻ
ϱӦˣʲôأ
˲̫̰ģֻҪڣһж
ɿСĶͷһڡ
ȻûüӦ֮ǰٵ˵ҴӦ㣬һƽƽĻҲĳŵ仰˿ڣһӶֻҵϱŵˣ
˵꣬Сش𣬾ɿִ󲽳Լҵķȥ
źϷ΢ײСȴվԭλ˶һ״̬
ԼĶͷƺ֮ǰȵĸо
֪Ǹ쵰ֳעռˣɲ֪Ϊʲôȴûʲôĸо
ܴ̫࣬ú˾ľˡ
ôοԼ
һֱ˴ϣ˯ĺ󶼾þûɢ
ڶûг٣һʰװ
ΪǽڲõĶе࣬Сһ޴¡
ط¸ߣޡСڼͲϥòϣ޵·֮Ҳȫӵס
Ȼ޴£ɼȥĵط϶ˡ
СĵĲֶ࣬һطʼÿġ
ﲻжܣӻճĹ
ûжã߳ʹСսʿСˡ
Ȼӵ߳˵ĺܣӼСһ̣ûк£ҪֵӴˡ
ɩӣǽ̵Ա˵ˣԺǼָˣСԬСԺǶж
ܣ±СģͬĺɩӺã
Сһ
˿ǰ˶˵콻Ķ𣿡
ˡ
߳˵ţԱߵˮͰӣδӣסɩӣ۴׸ʲô
˵⣬ʵ


28 
ҽȥʯͷ̲Ǳ߿
ʯͷ̲֪߳, ӪԶĺϡֻǲȥʯͷ̯ʹʲôϵ
ֻɩ˵ǾʹɣʱȻ֪ˡ
ôһȺСӸţСʹ඼ʡĵĺܣСһǶùˡ椸ǳ˵С, һ·ϲǱ, ǱǸ, ˵ʲôӦ˲ͣĶ, ĵĶҪ
ܿ죬һ˾͵˺̲
ӪסôЩˣڸϺ, ûϹҲ, ֺܿ졣
Сộֻôʾһ, Ǿ̶, ϾͿʼж
ǰǲ޷ǾüЩûʲôá֪ⶼǺóԵ, Ҳ˶Ȼĵĺܡ
Сں̲ߴһ˼צ, ֻзִɳٳ˼èݡ
Сսʿһһ㶵ģһ߾֪̾ЩҲܳԡһ߱Ⱥ«ưҲ
ѾȫҪ죬ҿʼջ֮, СսʿźǼں, ͸߳绹дȥʯͷ̲
Ϊ֮ǰѾ˵, ȫ˽Ь, ס
СŵĽЬֱִںߵʱʵѡе㻳ԼѡǲǴģ
ɵ߹ƬʪֻʯѣЩʯƬȴȫȻûиоʱʱ⼫ˡ
ǼõĶ
Ѿʼĥ֪һ˫Լŵġ
ɩӣץʲô
߳翴СһʯͷߣҲ˵ʵ̲סʳ
һθϺֻһжôʡرںӵĸоʵ̫ˬˣ
һˣٲ֪ԭɳ̲СЩö
ڵأɩӾʹʯѶˣɳӶֻһʲô
ҵöǰûġ
ΪнЬҲʯˮСܺãҲԸ˵Ƥˡ
ҳĶǺõģһɩǰҲûǽ͸ˣôǿ϶
ֻôһСͰѾװİˡһ뵽ץЩ⣬ؼȫܱɺóԵģͿƲסĿҪֵˡ
С򴽣˵ʲôȻ۾һͣ½Ų
˶ûӦأͼȻ֣ѸٵĴʯͷǳˮץһ
СĶ磬ҶûôأѾǶ߸ߵľ
ҵ谡棡ѾҪߵǰĴྪһʶľҪˡ
ʯᾣǸ߳ۼֿһѣҪˮ
ǺСĴָʳָסͷʹ޷£ڿͽ͵ţ˶Ťţβ͸صĴ
źڼݣ̲߳ס˸䡣޳ݵСһۣȻĿŵϡ
ȻɩһҪǼǵô׵塣
ͷһԼ֣һŴ󳤳ԼġȻĺë
ôҵ˼붷С֪֪Ҳ⡣
һͷջû뵽ģҲϲĺܡ
ŽԼŵСͰżǰߡ
ൽȻġ
ɾˣҲСץסǺöĲ˵ǶһⰡ
СѾʼǰߣŵ޻һҧȥ
ȻĺҲһֱС
˼˼ֻǳС⣬ֻʯͷٳһЩз
ڿз¶߳ɵø˵ĺܣӸԽԽδβֻҪĶܿٳҲûѵˡ
߳ɩӵĹע㶼зˣСҲûٺǣԼʯͷ̲š
ʵһ֮ǰ϶ᱻҶԵĺöʯ
ʯҲǱһֻ֣ǵɫʯͷһֳþ޳ޱȡƽʱⶫʯϣһ˸ע⣬ע⵽ҲԲǺͳʳ뵽һ
ԼʹҲ˼񡣿֪Ӧûкܶࡣ
ССʱںϵϣССûдҲÿθϺóԵĶ
ǵúöΣʵǼʲôʱ̾ͻʯʯ
ʼʱҲǵִģϾ⿴ȥýеġ
̼ȥʯϴȥǣ֮ɢζ
һӪսʿô࣬ÿϺջĶж٣Ҫƾ⡣˭Ҳұ֤δض顣
һ񲻵ʲôջǸô죿
Сڴ˺þãȻ
һ㶼ȺӵģһҾҵһƬҵȫŪӦ㹻ĳһˡ
߳ץһֻз
ֻرʣצӴ׳ͷƳſôˡ
ҫĽɩ԰һһ̧ͷȴԶԶĽʯϣŸ֪ʯͷϴʲô
ɩӣȥǱ߿תͷԶںзܶĴະһ
ӦţȴͷҲû̧ȻҲæء
߳缸ܵСŵĴʯϣվ̽ͷ
Сմʯͷһִַʯ
ϸĿţϻ¶΢Ц
ҵɶ
߳羪ĴгָСĶ˵ˣɩӣ㣬㣬զӰ
ⶫʶĳ
ʪǽǣ̨ⶫúܣնɱģĵҪ
ɩӣզզⶫҪǳԵģ
һ뵽ֿܣ߳˶ˡ
СƳһۣҲûָָͣ齸ʯ֮䣬Ȼγɵķ϶˵ȥһ˹Ƿʯȫǽͳ
ɶɶ߳д˿ܣűһ֡
Ͻģ˷ʱ䡣С嵭ķԸһ䡣
ȻⶫͷƤˣɩӵķԸ߳绹ǻġ
Ҳ֮ǰ̵Ա˵ЩǡڵСһĪĳݡ
Ӧһɳ̲ķܣִܿһСսʿˡ
Ӧ·ϸ߳СսʿˣС￴СĶȻ沿ҲŤһ£ȴûзʡѧӣ͸߳һʵʵĿʯ
ʯ¶ɣ˵Ҫ㼼Ǳֿ졣
֮Ҫõӻ߼⹳֮Ķ˳ķ϶ȥȻٵ𡣲ȻʶΣգסʯͷ֮󣬾ͻرѿ١
һ죬ûСǾšջֵܹʱѾ˴Ͱˡ
֪࿴ҲҪУСûᣬ̤Ͻʯһ̾վ
ˣô㹻һٵˣǻذɡ
ոڳ˸оٵСԭ϶Цɩ˵㹻ԡֵʱЦ˲ˡ
СǴôһȺɫ㱵һصӪȫ࣬ڸ߳ǵĴ£ȥ˴°ࡣ
˵⻹СһĽӪϾ֮ǰĻΧֻмԺ
Χһж˵ôʣľн
°İ೤ŶʮӣӲߣںݵġ
Ӧ֮ǰѾȴþˣڿһȺ߽ʱЦϵӶˡ
ӭӭӭɩָ
ӭСһЦ˵ɩӣҽСС
˳ԼСŵæԱ߶˶㣬ȴ֪ҪλֻܳЦЦ˵һ೤á
ôҲû뵽ӪɩӾȻôơ
֮ǰ̵ԱΪ˽¶ܵ°˵ҪɩòҪأҪѹ޴
»һЩŮ°еˡ
Ӫɩ˺Ƣӣһ
ɩӣ̵Ա֮ǰ˵ˣһԸɩ˵ɣô˵ô
ô˵СҲûиֱԼҪ󣺡ȥȻһյ״һ塣հˮ
ܹ⡣
ղѾͰ￴ˣЩҪˮɳģһ֪
Ҫ״ʹ°Ǹɶ
ɩӵĻȻʣԸһ䣬̾һ±˳ȥ
ܿ춫ˡ
С˰Ѽӻиݣȫϴɾһš
ȻһΣ͡
ЩţôȽǱġ
˵Сͳ߳֡
߳üĽǴͰʯ˹ڿʲôʱˡ
ŵ۾
˼ţҶС˵ʲôֻó߳翴˹ȥ
߳һĺӣ㿴ңҿ㣬ԡ
Сʵǹʲô
ֻʯɣǡ̫ˡۿʰ׿ڳζô˵ҲǺö
ǵõһοʱ򣬱ȸ߳ǺòĶȥ
һʱСǾܾģܳȥԶ£̫ˣҲԣ
뵽̣Сһɲǵѹƽ˺һ̧ͷ
һΣû˰æͰߵտˮĹǰȫ˽ȥ
ˮһ̣Ƕȵζʱ°Ͽա
Ȼû˵ϵı鶼ƲϺÿ
СûпԼ©׽ʯȫ̳·ͰȻõһĸǰ
ԱߵĿ״ʯȫ˽ȥ
һСսʿһСʹ
С£״ڴϣͬϴ·һĴϴ
ȫΧ£˹һʱˡ
˶ĿɿڴĶһϵеĲѯĻ˵ˣ
ʯһӲǣļֻҪӣӲûһСƾʹͨ졣
ɡ
æ߹Сߣ״˹ȥ
Сû
˵ȷʵŮ˴Ϻܶ࣬СֶˣҲû˺ʱ䣬ʯĿǾȫŪˡ
СָĶȫͱսʿһʯϲĿǺĶȫˢɾ
ܿ죬һѰİװ׾ġ⡱ͳ˴ǰ
ⶫܳԵˣ
ĵ˿ȹʹнⱬ㣬ǵȥɫζˮ󣬴ŰСʱٷĲ˽ȥһվͿˡнŽȥһЩζá
Сͬ
ţͬʱԱѾд±˵ٵ֧˹ʵز

磬ûԷʱ䣬ѵϵСսʿǺܶ˾Ϳʼ
رЩ봶°ӡ
ƵƵĿ̲סʳõķƮȥ
װԷļϺǰδеٶȼϡڲٳϵȴŷʱ򣬺ö˼Ľ඼Ҫϼ֡
ǴĻţʵǡӴ°Ʈζʵ̫ˣ
ζŶûŹûֵܹóʲôˣ
ʱ裿ǲǳ
Ŀˮʶﻹó
ΪʳȷӪһǷԷġ
ڵһսʿȥ֮󣬵ڶżϣȻſڵȴ
ƽﵹҲû˾ʲô⣬ɽ죬˵սʿˣվڶǰĸɲҲиèצƴһ
ǿˣ޲ȥʢĵʲôˡ
°쵽ʲôӴ
˵ȿսʿˣ°ԱҲһ
ʢڴĺݣצ⳴²ˣз
ǵڶЩóԵģԼġ
ɩǴѧһհ
С֪Щ˲ŪһȺˣʵ֪Ҳᾪ棬ϾһЩ׼ˡ
ٶԺķϡ
Ҫ֪ղ°ʱ򣬴ɩѾǧĸ˵˺ö飬һȥԷ
Ǽƣ͸һ
С֪ɩǵȥأ
ղڴ°ʱѾˡ
ǵġƷЦӶҪ¶ˣ˵϶ҪʳóԷġ
ȥʱСȻżǲš
ʵ˵СԼڱǰöˡǱȵģģ˫òһδҪĺİ˴򽻵
־ǰûйġ
ڻϣ߹ʱţѾ浭ĺ˵֪ԼһһӦ硣
뵽ֲԾǸˡ
Ӧû·ϰɣ
֪ҪȥĵطĶ;ӦòʲôΣհɣ
ͷһԭչü̲ס
Լϴˡ
ΪǶĻʵ̫٣ղȥ°ʱûдȥ
ɩһǸµģ˵϶ҲҪġô˶һԼҳӦܳԺüˡ
ͱգùӣСֹܶܶĳԷ
ܹĳԼ󣬴󱦺Ͷл¶ľϲ
ֻϧǸҪԲˡ
뵽СʹиֳһĨԼʧ䡣


29 
μҪӺз
Ϊܹƽ, Сûѡ𱬣峴Щֱ򵥵İˮ
ɳϴȻ, ˼, ζ㹻
з, ûмˢɾ˷ڴһ㽪Ƭ, ѵʱһ¡
ɾô򵥵һͷҲԵôССĺܡ
ŶӶС˵̣ԺǼҳԷ, ÿ춼ȥз
˵һȺЦòС
ǿӺͻֵ, һ꣬һ, ʵʹ󱦶
ǰոձŴʱ, , ǿֵܴ档
ĸӹϵ൱Ǣ
ûõʱ䣬˵֮ǰ˺ܶࡣ
Ҫڴ, СԼĶ˼ҡ
õǼı൹ɳԼǼСóɾ
ΪСһǲڣİ
ʵƽʱʱҲǰġϾһֱæúܣܻؼҳԸ緹Ͳ, ͨ극̾ͻӪȥˡ
ɲ֪ô, С;տյġ
ʰõ, , Ƭһƾ
Ϊ⼸㶼ڼҲù˼Ͷ٣׼ϰ˳ԡ
ʰһߵСϣСͰĺ ֪ôģȻ;úۣû
Լ˵æһ磬ҪЪЪ
ĸͷ̫ˣһٿ϶ǳԲģּٳԣžζͲˡ
ףԼеŵǸ˻һԡ
ⶫһûгԹ
˺þãҲ˺þãСڶԼִͶ˽
һӣкõĶȻҪ
Ұο
Դͬʱֿʼϸߣôһ⡣
˵ʵСȫԽŵڹǸȥϾǸﶫǲŻġͺ񵱳Ƕĸ㣬ǹţ飬ó˵һ֣ĶŽȥʱһģһ
ǣҶ֪Žȥףʱôóأ
룬Ϊ㡣
ڹʱÿ궬ǶԼһЩ㡣ȻⶫҲеطɹϲСһ֡
ʵ˵ķҲûõʲôرĶʱԷһǺԼɹĶ
һǺͽͻʹζͺܶ࣬Щ̵ֱֱֻġ
С֣纣ͷһ⣬ô磬һʱ仹еò⡣
˼Ƭ̣ȻعķһˣԼĶһ
УҲȥûнҪĶ׼ˡ
Ӱ볨ŵԺȥܹſĸǶſڵĲݴ֪ץӻڸȫһӡ
СЦЦӳֱӻҡ
ҵŹϣٵĽ˿ռ䡣ǼһĶСţͳȥŽ˳
˿ֻʣС޵ţ飬üİ֮ǰҪĸ׼˶ô´οæһţ
뵽С۾ĬĬȥŷ
Ϥѣκֳʱվŵĵط
ŷ䴦ҲǷͰĵط
Сŷѧľǰ࣬ʱ˻ûͰߣÿҪվһСϲܿõ档
ΪǵĿζͬҲֻһ֣ʱҪͬʱͰһվǴ졣
ֻǺŷԽԽϣΪ¹򣬳ҲԽԽá
¶Ҳøˡ
ЩҲѾӵζط֣ΪԼͽȫˡ
СЩдѾϴɾ˵ıͰʹõͣһȴʱסӡ
Ǹյ;Ȼеȣ
Ѿ緹ʱ䣬ŷĳʦ﹤ҲѾ¹ټķһˡ
ԣϸλӵĲ˵ϲûϻѾϴɾʱȻȥȵģǾֻһܣûȫϨ
СҧҧǿȻŭ𣬽ʹ¯ϰῪȻһ黹ľ̿
ǰ¹ùõʱǴɣ˭Ҫܵط
ϾŷҪˮˣǿ˲õĴ¡
ܻܿǣܶ˸ŵԴ
üӽǿȼյľ̿Ϩ𣬽еСѾͣȴüͷ
еᣬ¶٣ܻǲȫġ
ȻСѾˣְֽ̳ͽܡ
Ҫʲô£ǻŵġ
ǿѾϨ˵ľ̿üӼţСֱ¹ùרС䡣
ź붼û룬ͽǿ̼۵λã˭һ۶ܿ
ľ̿ٿ沢ûиλͣӦ׵׷ʲôɣ
ܿ
Сã¹ùҲøˣ
£СԼĿġ
ûȥӵľţǶĶȫ˳
һľףÿһ׾Өʹôţ˷·ܹŵɢ֬
ǹףÿ¹ＴǻǿܵķҲûкܶࡣ
λֲһǣпڹһӣû᳢
ޱȵĴףСȴȫûһ˵ĸоֻʣͷۡ
ҪǲףͨÿԵһ֡
ԣˡ
ʱװǲףСϾͿ׷ˡ
ûƲӲӵ㣬İ׷ˮ
׵ĻȻ⹫ĵڰӺŪȥ
Ϻõľף˵ˣӳôӦûм
һӵۣôùȥ
״С
ɵ۽ǵϵʱ￩һ£ᶼ˲þˣһѽװɽϸӳ
ȻƻľģͨɽĢһûУǷ˺üͷ
֮⣬ȻüϲεĲ뻹мյƷʼŵĹࡣ
Сһ
Ƿ𣿣ȻƷĶҶ
Ƕõģ˻Ϻ̫Ʒûּⶼӣ
ôһѶٿԱŵ໨ϸƿֻʱſʹõĳ껨ʱСѾȶȣһ仰˵ˡ
Ƭ̣ĬĬİѾף࣬ƿ񡭡·Żԭֻ˻ƻľǼ롣
˸һ죬ᷢʲôСȫûϹ룬ûǰ׼⼸룬һõʱܺùʱץϹ
ѶʰãСڴóһ飬ôô١
ЩͷŻعӵĶһֲ֮òٶľȡһʮһ
ľȻճһСطС̲סһʹ
Ƶķ֣ÿҪ׼ǡǵò˼ξͻߡ
֪ԼԲǮģǸɵѾͷʲôҲ˵
ƫƫֱ˭˽ЩļǮҪͽΪ˶ǵôҲȥġ
򡱻ĶûźãС»ңûнȥ֮ǰá
صɱɾͷг˼Σһƽζ
ͷζûж⣬ɹ֮󼸺ûʲôɳԵˡ
׼΢һϸ棬ζӦҲǼõġ
ʰãСȻеƽ
ɴóֽʣٴθдһӣľ̿һõǸϡ

Ϊ¹ùãʵÿһ춼ŷϹʱһҲ˵ʲô
⼸װ£ʶĻһ켸ǸװŶĹӡ¹ҲҪһϹʱ仹Ҫܶȵˡ
죬֮ͬǰһ㣬һݾȴ˹šԭΪȴĻǺǰһʧȴȻĶ˶
ʶܹȥȽСݵŴϣŰס˻
ϸȷԼĴȷʵ˶
ֻǡ˲ûнЩ׼Ķȫߣ˴󲿷֡
ˣΪߵǵɽͼӡ
Щӣһ̿֡
еֲ⵽ʲô˼
Ϊʲôûȫ
ѾҵģƷʵˡ
ԽԽţԼòٴŭˡ
ԴСֿҲûзʧˣΪ˴Ҷһ
е㺦£Ϊ׼Ĳȫˣ᲻ᡭ
ٵҡͷԼðЩõͷѸߡ
ԼЩʲô
˶Ǵȴ󱯣ȿѵģôܹԼһ鷲˼ƽϣ
ȻﷴİοԼеĻŻš
ȻʧĹ˹ӵţصԼ¡
һʱһ
ȻϷһ֮ǰµģһģһ
һѽץ׼ϸƵʱ򣬾һһĶ˵ϡͷһľ̿
ľ̿ϸĹ۲
һͨĴ̼
ûпĻӦþŷƽʱջġ
̼󣬿Ѿȼ˺ܳʱ䣬˻Ұɫֻĵطûȼĺɫ
Ӱһô̼ͨҪλãԼġ
ʲôԢ⣬ҪԼʲôأ
ʾ֭ͷˣȴȫȻûһͷ
ʱһһµùãùãһ¡
üٵĽ̼յ׵ĵطȥš
ʲô£
ſڵ˿ǿǳһýŵĿ˵ùãȥɣŷˣ
һ仰˵￩һ
˲úǸ˵첽ĳԶۼһȥ
Χŵ˶ĳƿó·
߽ȥϨ˵¯Ա߷ͣûκر֮
ٴüôˣ
ôʣʱһ깬ŮսսĴȺ˳
ǳһ֮˵ùãҶ췢ģ¹ǰҽͶŵĺúõģȫˣûкҷšʱȴͶ˶ˣŵ߰㡣
ŷͱ𴦲ͬǸ˾ְ
ÿһ˶ԼְÿҲ̶λá
˭ʲôⶼй涨ģ¹Ҷһ顣
Ϊ±ʹЩ˻ԼڷŶĵطһЩǣһ˶˺׾ܷ֡Ҳþȡ
Ȼʲô˳㲻ڵʱͶ˶߷һЩɾĶ˵ԻˣǿɾͳԲ˶ˡ
ԣ깬Ů֮ԼͰȫλôܲŵùǺ
֮ǰŷ¶Ҷ֪˵ˣÿһ˶̲סĺ¡
˿̣깬Ů˵ʱ򣬱Ҳų˸ֽţģ־ı顣
ʼʱţĿȴ̨ǶѾϨ˵ľ̿
̼ļأȻʵ
깬Ůһ㶣æĴŷԼͷ̨ϵӴ˿ȫӰ١
͵̼ļӣʶֹһ˵Լš
߸˼һҪѰҵļƣȴֹˣ˺һͷ
ȻûùΪʲôҪȥ͵ĵ׶Ҳû˸ʡ
ķԸһǹƽｻõĹŮæ߹һĽһͷ˹
һҶһԱ˴˷
Ϊⲿɫģࡣ
̨ϵʱû˭ϸöҲû˭֣ᷢʱĵ׶ѾѬȫ˽ɫ
Ů϶Ⱦú̡
ˣûϨ𣿣
ûڣʳӦĹ¾ĺʵ
깬Ů˿̵ѾŰˡ
Ǹ˶ˣһ֪ô£˿ƱûУͨһ¹˵ϡ
תͷߡ
ôŮûһȤ˿𾪵У
ӽľ̿мӷԼ﾿ʲô˼ˡ
ʾ
һÿһǲ޻ϡ
úҪɤĳ֪ôģԼʦ
鲻ԽĴ˸䣬ƲסĽָһ𣬱
ʦڣ£ԼӦҲǻᱻķʹİɣ
뵽ıһᣬһ͵
˵ԸģôôҶԸ⣬ֻҪҵʦ
ֻϧʦҲˡ
Ҳһߺݺݵĳͷһֻᵲǰ棬ֵһˡ
䣬óµ
ԭΪǻʦһԼһ٣Ȼ²Ϊ
ȴᶼûᣬͷ·Ǹ벢һ㡣
æ˲۾ЩϸϸĿ
ʮöһһᣬ׷۰ţһͰ
ϵݺ֮ǰŲû̫ҲֻгӴ˴ҪĶ
һȴǰǸеøϸϸгÿһƷҪĽҪǣӻЩĺע˹۸
ǽģʮǮʮǮ
ﵽ޷˼
Ϊʲôеļ۸񣬺ƽļ۸룿
мȥԼǵû


30 
Ӫ, Сʱŵ˿ѽ硣
һ·СܵĽŲţֻһ㣬Ϸ, ˼ҲıƵͬ־ȥԷǾͲˡ
ͷ·, ͸Ҵߵĸųֺײ˸š
к, ֺȳָָϽȥɣѾþ, Ҫˡ
Ųһ㶡
ӵŲıƵĵ绰˵Ҫȥæ
֪ͨĲıû˵Ҫ֮ȥų
еֳıһƣϽȥ, Ļ𳵣һļˡ
Ŷ, áæӦͿˡ
ŵİ칫ȵͷ
ߵʱ, ￪ʼĥ
֮ǰ, ǰ¶һͨĽ
ϾΪһĻɲ, һֱ֪ڹͶ˴ĲзҾԼǱͧ
Ϊ, ᾭһЩһߵģоĸɲսʿȥ˽С
ȥһ꣬ȥˡ
һβ£̵һβʱ䡣
ıƴ绰ʱ, רŽҪǵôް
ŵʱ֪ȥ֮ǰȥǸ
ǵط˲и, ᳵ·, Ըûʲô¡
, ȻûΪô򵥡
ʵųɱ͵Ĺϵܺá뵱󱦸׶ųִ⽫ǸУľǳš
ֻĿ͸˭Ҳ˵ĸ˻᲻ʲôʱһ
ԼʹŶ֮ʱ򶼱ֵĵġ
ɱǰţûжӪӪ׽
ɽ죬ȻָҪԼɲǰ
ʲô£
Ŵų칫ҵķš
棡

ƿţȻͿųվڴ⿴
ķֻܿһӰɳɱͿȥɫƽûǸ˵Ҫ쭵ӡ
ɱ»ص˰칫ǰָָӣ
¡
ûڳɱҲûǻ˵ϻ
ֱԲ˵νȥҰŵġݻǰ࣬ǲСʱҲ᳤ڰɡ
˵һЩϸڷҪһ£ǻЩʦúܣûġ
˵ɱͣƬ̣ûټ˵
Ŀƽӣ棬໰
ڵԼʾƬ̺ż򵥵Ļشһǡ
ǡѳɱͶЦˣҲû֮ǰࡣ
գգ۾
㲻Ҫʲô
򴽣ҲҲ˵
ɱͣ
Լİһۡ
ȥȻȥμӸСҪֻΪ⣬ɸȥҲˣμӱ䡭֪ﲻôأ
ҡ
ɱͳ˻֣ͷ˵ҴۡȥҪǡ
˵Ȼѹӳ̽̽ҪǣҪǸǱͧԺȨҪ
ͫȻһ̱ñֱ
ƳɹˣϢ𣿣
ûбסɱͶʱˡ
λվߵߣļģҫı顣
Ȼףţ¶ҿɽˣ뱣֤񣡡
ǣųҪҲȸҪô
ż侲
¶ʵ̫ˡ
ΪԼһССӪְɲͣܰȫĿʺȨҪ
Ƕ˵ǵİӦģ
һرõĻᣬҸ˵ǧܴ
Ųû̸Ǹʲôƴĸ
ʵ˵˭ס
ԺȨĲʵ̫ˡ
ϾõԺȨ⽢ͧɹ󣬿ͶŲӵʱ򣬱ѡеļʾͻȱĲӸࡣ
ͷĸӲȱӲ
µǱͧţʦǰָտɴ
ŶȷӪԺҲͱӪˡ
˵һۡ
ŵԼԺȨȡǱͧҪˣӪϽ
ҲƲסĵļӣֱ˵ʲô
ӣɱ͹Ц
ͧƵܹʦƳͬ־ھԺӵġֻ֪ʱ̫ˣǾҪؾˡ
Ҫ֪߹ѡԺĺͲӵĻɱʲôҲɣҲϽ
ƫƫֻǰ⵱һͨĵУͷβ߹涼ûһ¡
뵽ɱͺڵֻ޲ʱܵ
ڣ
Ψһľ߹ǶϴҪļΪɣȥԱҲҪȥģ˳·
һ·ô߹Ͻôõ㣬ǾҪԼȥ취ȡˡ
˵͵شһţ
Ѹٴվ
ûģ
У
شϣһĿԼų
ų˵ġõĻᡱ
ʶʶ˼Ƴɸ߹
զôģԼ˼һ˻𳵣ܰ˸£
뵽Ŷǳۡ
Ϊһˣɽ
ȻȻҪƴȫȥɣ
ֻǣ߹ƺôȥôϤأ
˰Ҳû
ã֮ǰԼʱھǱɡ

ڻϣԽԽأֻԼļԽԽˡ
ŲǻվģڳվĹӪ˵㶫˻𳵡
ϳûжλ߹˯ˣһֱ˯ڶŵ۾緹ûԡ
ˣϴϺ˼Ҿһ̵λϿҲûһ䡣ÿʮСʱҪ׽ţ˵ĻᶼûС
⻹ϴյ¶ϾûǷݽ顣
ףִ֪ʶӹﶼߣϰߺ˹ཻ
ûһʵɣܻܿŪɳ׾ֺñӡ
ֻܾ˳Ȼ
ʵ¿óԴֽʣʼϱдš
ȻܸԼҪȥĵطĶ֪ˣӦÿԺ˵һ¡
뵽ɵǰϣڸϱԼҪʱǹ￴Լ
ůůģһֻͣ޲ھܽһУؼҡ
߹ʮһˣͳӦÿˣԵʲôȥ򣿡
ۿCʡԽԽ˹Ҫˡ
ų˲ʱҲ֮ǰ˺ܶ࣬˿ȥˡ
˿ϵıЦų˵
߹飬̽ͷһ㣬㿴Űɡ
˵·ŵҲǺһģƵЦЦ
Ȼֶ˵λͬ־һȥɣͣʲô˴һ㡣
ᵽԼ֣æվ˰֣òãԼиͬ־С
˵꣬ٴο߹ڳʱҲ뿪
ô˵߹Ȼٶ˵ʲô˻Լȥ
Ȼ̾ųΪǽҵ浥λôΣǵһȫءҶŽˡ
˵ԼЦ
ûиһЦǺĻش𣺡ӦõġڵҶȻϾĹ֮ôСĶΪ
һ仰˵ɵһ¡
ʹΪصչ˵ĶʵҲŴ¡
⣬û˭
λǰѾͬն
Ĳ˵˵һ·ȻϿ̬еķܻвͷڶڲסġ
ܶʱ򶼻Գ롪
ΪܹѵĹܹͣһЩʳͲͷһͷװЦ˰ɣ
ǰСӣں˵ʱȴûһԲԣϿң̬أ˵ȫﻰ
мִ
һĴˡ
СӿȥҲǶʮꡣȴһʮëͷСﲻ֪Ҫضٱ
ֻǶһܹо˵İ̤ʵ
˺Ӧûɣ̲סһ
СŵĶ
ͬһ˼ҳ
Сͬ־ˣȥᰡ˵ѾӪˣǲμӹʲôս
ŲһһʵĻشʡ
ʵԼӪʱɫһ¡
ĵúͶ֪Сʱ͹ȥˣѷʱٲȻѾһϤ˵ӡ
е㾪
룬ķСƣͬ־һԵɣĶࡣ
ǻԼǮҲȷʵĻͦġ
ô˵æ֣ȻȥԼľ
óһĹͷƿһֽŵױ
ϱ˸רŸ׼ġ
Ҳ֪ʲô˵ҹȥҲûбӲ
ֻ΢˵㡣
Ͼʱֻ˵ܸϲȥԷˣûҪԺü졣
ӣ΢еź
ͷƿСϣֽóһŶЦЦҳŵʱϱ׼˳ʳøϽԲš
һǻƻƵĴӣ΢ɼƲƲ졣
ȻеɵҲԣҲ֪ӼȺһһߣҲûȰ
ĿǸϤĹͷƿϡ
泴Ľ˿̧ţеɵʵϼҲCʡģ
ǡŵ˵ͷȴûие档
ȻξѾܶ꣬ٴһCʡĿܹġ
ֻû뵽ôȻע
ǡǲһԶŮд󱦺Ͷ椣
׼ȥšƿǵֶʱͣ˰ա
ǰɣҾȻ¶ˣ찡û뵽Сͬ־Ǵǵĸװ
ôᣬôôӣ˵㰮Ҳᣬôôͽ飿
ľٶܻشҲ֪Լǲ¶ˣʱ˷
·һӺ׽࣬˵Ҳû̫Ĺ˼ɡ
ڿ֮£Ȼ֮ǰһֱǻеĻһԵȫ˳
֮󣬲ŲԼʧԣʱֲ˼
Сʵǲ̫ˣ
Ҫ֪ڳվ˺ܳʱ䣬һֱֿҲû˼ǸﵽҪȥĸӣɷ˭
Ϊź˺þá
ΪԺҲûлˣû뵽ȻôɣԼس̵СȻɷ
˭ˣ
֮ǰڳվʱֻۺ͸߳˵ʱᵽ֡
ֻһʱûϵ
ͬҲû뵽ôɡ
˿߹ôʣæҡ֣û¡
˼һ£ЦʵҲûʲô˵ģ󱦺ͶҵӣŮǵĸפغʱˡ
ŵⷬͣ߹ȫû뵽ģˡ
Ƕ˼𾴡
û뵽Сû뵽
̾ҡҡͷ˵ȥǵʱҺ㰮˻кһᣬ·һ˺ü졣
˵ٲȻӵĸףԺǵĺαġ
˵̧ͷζĿһۣСҪȥæģ𣿡
ֻһ
Ȼе㲻߹ΪʲôȻдһʣǵ˵ͷǵġ
ǣ鲻⻻طǱߵĹҲȱˣҲҪһϤһͬ־һæԸ⣬Һ;Ǳߴк³ȸһԺʱ䣿
Ȼѯʵģıǳࡣ
û֮ǰƽ׽ˡ
Ӿܹó˵ⷬǾؿǵġ
ŵĿƲסֱ
ԼԴҪըˣ
ֻǿ򶨣Ŭ沿鲻¶
ȻԣͬһĻش
֮ǰųרŽˣҪǻβȥֻҪҪȥʲôұضָӣ֤񣡡

Сʳûʱ򻹲ʮһ㣬ԶԶľͿżԼԺ¿ǿ˵æ
æ˼ߵǰɩӣ˵ԼôæˣĻѾˡ
ŴӵվһΪ֪ˣ㲻ûʱˣһ첻ξܳϸߣҲ˳ֵ¶
˵Ȼ̲סʵСûϴβ˵¾ͻˣô˿£춼ˣҲûж
û֮һֱûš
ɩôʣСĻشڲסǡ
ߺһ֮յŵġ
˵̸˵νʱ䲻̫Ҿܻˡ
¶ȥˣ˵ˣŶûһ⡣
ۿһЩħһ㣬ʱʱСԴ죬
ǷַûдŹȥС
ôܹ˲ģ
ĲԾʧԣæֳοѽҾһʣǧôࡣȺ˳ǲǼҳ㷹֮ǰȥѧϰһȥĶУ¡
˵ĿȻſڵɾȵת˻⣺ôô磿⻹ûü!
ͷ󺹣ɫͨ죬һܹġ
ϱĻûûпһۣǿڽţŬ򶨵ĶС˵ϱŲˣҪ㣬ϽȥӪһˣ
Сĺؾͳ


31 
СȥӪ
һӪ칫, һֱĵطȴû˼ϸĿһ¡
죬ڵĸ޷˼
ǰ·, ܾͻͷӬһ, ·Ҳˡ
ֱӽӪͷһ, Ҳһӡ
һķ, ƽʱĵط
ʱ, ڷһ, žװꡣ
ǽͬʱվ, £ɫء
һǰ, ַСһ, ˵ͬ־
˵, Ŀʾһ£˵ܲȸͬ־ˮ
״̬Ҳ̫ã, Ȼ״̬
˵ĻӲ˰죬ŴӦһá, ˵žҪȥ
ˣҲʡСֹ
Ѿȷųˡ
ٿһʹ, ȴ
ָоһֱͷǿʯͷڵû֪, ȴ˶
û, ֱֱվ, Ŷˣƽʵʲôֱ˵Ȧӣǲųˣ
˻һۣȻû뵽˵򶨡
Ȼһ˽ϵһֽ˫ֵݵС
Ȼóʹ˵ͬ־ǸոսӵCʡ֪ͨXXķشը¹ʣɶԱҴ˾޴ʧҪ֪ͨӪԱ
ǶԸ⿴ʵҲڰ˳䡣ŲѾ˸CʡȥӪԼԱĺ¡
˻˵˺ܶ࣬Сû
ֻǾĶˣƤӶ
ֱ˵꣬ͬʱһ֣صһ
һ̣ʶԼĵķˡ
˻Σǰһ㱡
Сҧ´ֻолۡʹĥĥʹס
֮Ŀֽϡ
һ׺ļǰ벿ǹ¹ʵ˵ļ°벿֣һԱŵֺȻУ
Ϥİ֣СĬĬı۾
ıϯľ޴û
ԣվûа취ֹ
ŬٻƣҲ޷ı
ĬĬתӣһ仰Ҳû˵Գſȥ
ȫԵ˷¾֣ȫĿ
ɫʵ̫ѿˣѿˣ˭Ҳûҿ
ֽĿͶ塣
ɫʵҲСòĶȥ
źǺֵܣͬ֡
ȻֵܵѶ𾪺ͱʹ߳ߵĺҲЩŲס
ɿСﻹ˵ȥ˼Լæ˳ȥ
Сߵúܿ졣
ͺԶطղžһоȫᷢһ
弸߳һ̾͸˳ʱ򣬶ѾҪߵӪˡ
ϱС
˿ڣӲ˻ȥ
ڽгǸֵʱһʹ۾ģˡ
С顣
첽׷ȥҧҧ˵СҪһȥһŲȥʡ治УһȥһCʡ
ܣ¼һҲǺõġ
ˣŲ£Ӧһһؼҵš
ĻСͣ˽ŲתͷЦЦᶨ˵
彩ӲվԭأӵĿֵܵСϱ죬ȴԼҲ֪ҪôȰ
ѵҪ˵ѰɣˣҲˣ
˵⻰˵ʹСУҲܹܵ޴ıˡʲôֻǲԼš
ʱľҲ׷˳Сվ·ĬĬԣæܵǵĸǰ
ɫѿһ֪ôſȰģһͬƳһۡ
ȻתͷСȰο˵ͬ־Ҳ̫ѹˣΪˣһʱΪ׼ӪȻˣù١
ô˵ɫޱ䣬ʶľҪȥס˵졣
ɶûеüжСıҲűˡ
Ҷ˵ΪʲôͲأӦˣ˵ƽƽһúùӡ˵㻰ģӦˣ

ǾٵĻһťԭƽСһӱ
ĵڲˣķ
ѵõļٺܿ죬κ˲廰Ļᡣ
һ˵һ߷ҡͷ
˾
ΪýԵʣ˵ÿһֶôȥֱҪýĵĵط
ȫСˡ
ǵȻܹó˿̵ѾԣӦǰֹ˾ıȴȫȡ
ʱһݽ֡
Сôˣôվ
Զ˹
ղͿı鲻̫ԣǻ̫ˣҲʡ
ߺ󣬴ԽԽԾʵûסǸ˹
һͿĳ档
Լ֣Сֹס
˵ˣתͷŴ࿴
ȫûĴ౻ŵҲûѿڶ찡˭۸ˣզ޳ˣ
˵꣬תͷһŭĿԼˡ
ŷ֣֪ʲôʱСѾˡ
ĶʱǱʲôһ£
ֵϲ˰ʱģ˵˼ҵʲôȻ˼Ҿôվޣ
ǰһͼȰ˵䣬СѾת˴ࡣ
Ŵǣǣǣͼ¶һЦЦݿȥȴֿɬ
ӣ֪ʲôӾ͸ˡ
ʵڿסϽǰһѽСס
Сƽͷļϣ£ᡣ
Ȼȴ˵ί˵ɩӣҲ˵һؼҰɣе߲
û˵꣬ͽŵһ˹ȥ

źл̩ȻһߵӪصʱ춼ˡ
Ҫǰŵ˼ǴCʡǰӦøӪ绰Ҳɸȥվһ¡
λ˵Ȼ˵ǰãǰ绰ǸʲôĪĲûģҪǰǽʲô
˵úܣȴҲҽƱ磬Υǵ⡣
ҪȻʮŸͷˣƫһҾˣٰˣȥˣǡ
Լǿ޶ûط˿ȥ
ڻϣȥԺʱżùǺΪųĻˡ
ȥ֪˵ðæľֻǰæ
ϹʦʦܰҹʲôͰҹȥһ
ˣˣͻͿĶ˵ͬ־ллˣڿȥϢˡ
Ȼͻᱻܿߡ
Ժ죬йȥʮΣƺǾøʵĶˣҲˣȻֱ򷢻˱
žϤˣһжᳵ·ģܿͺǱߵǴһƬ
ȷʵ˵ȥʵ¶࣬Ҳûˡ
ۿŶŪˣ˼ѾҪǻȥȫûɣΪ񳹵ʧܵʱȴָһ绰
½лԺæ
ȻžԼԺɵľǴӵĻɱ˲֪
ΪˡСǵۣҲ
Ҳȥ¶ˣǻһоС飬רŸʵսѯָ
ĪľͳѣܣҪѧϰҪɻת
һֱ˲¡
æµϣĽչȴһûС
žԼèץƵģȴҲѹұ¶ֻܸڿҿҵ£ǫԹ
Ȼһ죬͸ײ˴Ƶģ̸ˡ
̸ĲͬһС
һΣЩʱûǰĺͰͿԴܣࡣ
ȷӪʵһϸϸ
ŸͬлһȥȷӪ˽һ
֪ȻĿƸˣɻȴĿĹǣʵʵܰ϶ˡ
˵Ҫȥһֱŵģ䵽ʵ
Ϊûҳӣ˻𳵾ֻܴ;
ⳤ;ֻһˣֻԵǿس߻ʱ򣬿ɲѾ
ˡϣԵһ£
ӪſڣŴ˸кͿ첽ڱ˹ȥ
û뵽ǣոߵƹվڸ̨ϵڱȻһģûд̨ˤ
ӪӪ㻹ţСսʿڶվˣͳ˹
ţʲô
Աãʣʲôܣųأ
ƽʱһ㹻СսʿŻȥ
սʿһ㺦µı鶼ûУӪĺųųǶӪˣû
Ϊ̫˷ܣеߵ
ŻûԼô˵ʱ򣬺ȻӪֵӿһȺˣڸڵģڵսʿȫ˳
ЩսʿɲһѷĳΧסмֱ˹ıסԱ߿ƲסصĿޡ
ȷʵˣҲͲˡ
ˣųأ˵˵׷ʲô£
飬СսʿǻӪʧõϲһģ˭Ҳ˵ס
֪ⲻһŪ׵ˣҲʡ
ǳЩսʿǰ˰֣Լϵļ
ŷԸȥȥȥ˰쵼ȥдҸ˰ѽ̵Աҽ
ȻȺ˿޵ͷת򣬿ף˿ҪĻҪȰλ˰úá
Ķڲ⣬ԵȻٽ
˼Ҽ档
Ҳû뵽ǣ⻰һʱ˾ͽӪ̵Աȥˣ˵ȥĺ¡УϽȥɣɩѶȥ˵ڻûأ
ŵɫʱˡ
ʱлҲѾ˹
սʿô˵λҲоԣæŴߴٵϽȥæģʲô˵ȥϱ
˵䣬ŵųڻ
ȥͬʱҲߴٵӪȥɣһᴦ
ŵ˶ܹо֮վʵڣѾˡ
ֳλֿһۣ¶ǸĿ⡣
ȻͼдȻһӣƴȫٶȳӪķ˹ȥ
ʱСڲû
ߵİϣǺͱһ׵ĵǡ
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վڴ㲻˵Сûʲô𣿡
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զѣⶼСʱˣ
һȻ²֪Сһܡ
ϴμʱɩӵģ£ת۾ͱ
Ҳ֪ܣɩӲѰɣګګ˵
ѣ˵ʲôʱˡ
еʱ̫ˣͻ᲻ԱҪԵʵʱ򣬺ܾܿͻӱܡ룬ɩӦǺѹɣ
Ļһ£Ȼ۾һӾʪ
͵СʱӣʱҲеĻˡ
ɣ˯Ҳ¶˯˰ûʲô취㡭
һ仰û˵꣬Ŀȴ˴ֱϣʱôվС򣿣
Ӫ
ҲˣžҪ˹ȥ
ſûһֱۣӳ嵽˴ǰС
æסţοɩû¡
ٽģɿŵӣȴȻ
Ӫ
૵ȫԼĳˡ
˿̵Ŷ׹ڴߣץסСڱ֡
ͷһ˲˲ĶָģСشͷ
ŴһԲ۽Ǵȴһ»
δڵĻȫɤһֻԼࡣ
Ӣᡪ
𺳣ѹ֡
е㲻ȥӪһ档
ʹĬ뿪˲ź󻹲ǰŸ˹غá
һֱ߳˺þãųĳһȻź֪תͷһʣСզˣ
ҡҡͷҲòĶȥ
ҡͷ֮ȻЦӪˣɩӿ϶Ͼˡ

ϧ˵һ㶼ԣСûôѡ
˵Ҳ֣Ż֮ǰֻǻ˯ȴûʾκεĲ֢
ƫƫŻûжãСͺȻʼˡ
յͨ죬̣ȴɪɪ
ٴα˽¼ʾ389£Ҳü
ӪղŻʿѾɩӴˣɿӣҪЧƻһҪŪˮӰɡ˿ɲôգҪջӵġ
ŵ˵ͷ
Ȼ̧ۿʲôΪʲôյô
̾˿
Ҫ˵ɩûҲš
ֻ˵Żˡ֮ǰһֱŲҷڿǸоˣָˣ
ԼҲ֪Լ˵ⷬԲԡ
뵽֮ǰɩ˵ģСɩӪı֣û׼ηǼ¶
̫ѹˡ
ʿܿ˶ҺõˮŽǶ˲
ëʪȰС˲
Ȼȥˣ۾Ȼ΢΢ţȦкۡ
ĵģһһţ½Ūۡ
ȻСִ֣ȴһ㱡롣
Ų΢΢һ¡
ڻǵãԼһμϱʱ˳ϸ׵ָһûиɹӡ
ڡŶãѾֲڳˣ
һʹĸθмֱҪû
ɾֽ֮⿪Сϵ·


32 
ûн⿪ſ, ־ͱһѰס
ԼһɳȻëͱ˸˹ȥ
Ų̧ͷȻͿС֪ʲôʱѾۡ
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־ϲ, һѽС˻, ˵, , һ, ûˣԺ󶼲µġ
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Сûж
йԼ
һظһ£, 䡣
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æſ, ñӽá
ëŻˮһóšɣֻ׼Сϴʱ, ȴͣڰôҲ첻ȥˡ
СھĶ
ﲢû֮ǰսǸʲô񣬾ʹ, ѹûоϲ, еֻǳƽ
ƽе㲻ȥ
ҽ˵øӣ˵ٲ¶岻áһ, ŲЩεĽ͵
š
С˵ͷ, ȻָָԱߵĵӣ˵, ¡
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æӦɱ˵Ǳ߽ë˶ͷϡ
С˱ۣȴûֹ
ô£Сʳ
Ϊ羭Ĵ䣬е˻ƣտĲȥһ˵ƣ
ҲǺҲ侲
ҡҡͷǰŶ֮ǰһǸһλһġΪ˷ҪʲôãԾûǰ绰˭֪ᷢ£
˵סСڱ֣һε˵˰ɣ
Сû˵ȴҲûرŵ֡
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ΪһжˤһӣʧִԽϵʱˣ֮󶼻
Ͼү¸һң˶õļˣͨŷ·
ԣŬ˾ر
Լ˺ãھӺãþһа취ЭӪƻʳΧṩ
ŬԼ䵭Ƣԣº͵ȥԴߵÿһˡ
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Ǹӵʱ򣬿ΪûŶνԼܻ
ӡ
ԽãԽԼ뷨ж档
ܹ֮ھӪôݣʳǣ𾴡ԼĻۺͶʳõİȻռһ棬Ҫһǣɲŵϱ
ǸûˣսӵľӪôܳһţ
ˣ˲ˣ˵ٷְ£ӻŸ𷵻ԭ
ȥʲô
ص˫ȥϼΪƴһ
Ӯˣ߳˺صŹԼСӡ
Ժأ
ʱ켣Ļܿԭ׵ݾͻ⵽ɣЩ˾Ҫˣ
һ£ԶԶ˵Ĺڡ
Щ߰뷨ÿ춼Сü⡣
һƴİοԼ£Ǹ˻ƽһûа취ġ
˵ĻѹյһݣеĻȫ顭
ôһɲû統һˤˣػһûκ塣
Ҳû뵽ǡžȻŻˣ
ݵһ̣СǲŵġȻȻƤأ嶯ҲˣȴȻˡ
һɣͲ֪ôķ
СһֱĬŲ˵ŵеϰ¡Сһ䣺ϱҪҪԵ㶫˵絽һֱûѣ˰ɣ
СҡҡͷʶѾˡ
һ۷糾͵ţҲ㲻ùҡѾˣȥϢɣԼؼҡ
һ仰˵Ųĵۣ˵ʲôأúű𶯣ȥˮյöȵˮ
˵꣬𴲱ߵˮ˳ȥ
ٳ֮ǰ̽ͷĵĿһۡ
Źر˵ţС¶һĨӵɫ
֪ĶãȴֲòϣڸղĿӵһ̣Լ֮ǰЩ㽣һȫûˡ
ȷʵо̤ʵҲΪӴһٶԵĸˡ
йЩ룬ϣССȴȫӰ١
û˵
룬վǸС˽˰ɡ
ѵõһ˳ʱȴܵ˵ͷһȣ
ʶ½Լκ
Ŷˮ߽ʱ򣬷СѾ˯ˡ
ҩˣıǼѾ˵΢
߹ȥȥͷϵëŷüһֱ΢΢ţƺʲôⲻĳ
̾˿ĬĬ
ϱʲôҲû˵ôῴε¶İˡ
ԼſԼûвľ⡣
Լ뿪ǰһϱ˵ֻҪƽƽĻͻúõĹӣҲ뿪
¶һĹϵһҹصǰ
뵽ŷŭ߬ȭͷĪֵ޵˲У
⣿
ʱ֮ǰһжúõģ;Ǳߴкô˻ڻأĪس
¶Բ꣡
ʲôԭƻϱĸ飬Сĺø˲䶳ᣬǾǺȥ
ʹĥĥ¶찲ٺϱҪŲһˡ
СһʱѾ
Ѿ֪ȥ򣬴ŵǴࡣ
ۣ¶Ц
ԱѾӺˮ裬ֶһЩˮȥȻͶһëݸС
ûˣѾˣõˡȻóԷС˵ؼҸ࣬Ӧúܿͻˡ
˵Żȥ࣬Сɵ¶һı顣
Ǹ˻ٰѳ˰ɣ
ӡ֮ǰӦûнġ
һı飬Ͳ³˼ʱ̲סЦ
˵һȥɣ⣬˵ԼСŰɣҲ֪ɶɱʳ˷ˡ
˵ʵ̲סС˼۾һûСʲôôĹأ˼𳵣·ûһޡǶǲܵ¶Сֻ˵ˣΪһ
ôһ٩Се㷢ȡ򴽣е㲻֪Ҫôȥ
ʱŶ࣬һ˽
ʲô¶СӲֻ֪ˣȻûסҽԺ
Ǿģɱȥǵĸ߳ã˵ҪϢ
椴һûɿڡ
ױﵽ˽ϣˣ˭ĻҲˣǵøŹ
һͬʱС椸Ьûѣֱ˴ϣűӽıס
ѾͷѱӲˣ
Ա߿Цһһ߰ѶϳȴСס
û£ſŰɡ
СЦֱӣְѶ椵ЬѵȻ˱§ţҲס
ԱߵĴ߬ס䣬һ仰˵ǲ֡
Сֻڳһֻ֣ѾԴࡣ
վһߣһУȻЩܲζ
ϱСУɱȶöˣ
Ǵܻȥģÿɾˡϱզ࿴һأ
뵽ŵȻͶһЩ˵ίָоֻܱţ˵Ҳûض˵
ȵɣġɤӣСƺߴߴչȥС־˲ߵϡ
ȻùһС룬Сʢ˰ݵС
Сӹ룬üʣµǵװġ˵ûϡãŴŴģһʱͲ̣ûа
̧ͷ࿴һۡ
һ̫ůŵҲź
˵ЩʲôͿһŴߵıӣȻϱĺңҰµף
ôһ˵椶ʱҲ˾ŤСͷСңյĻ𣡡
ţ˲ʱˡ
СûסһЦ
ȻѾգСҲûԺ԰շ϶Ůĺһ˼ҡ
˵Ҫܾˡ
ԺҲûԶ˴ʮӾ͵ˡСôҲû뵽ǣȻԼԺ￴
Ȼˣһˡ
ǽ̴Ӹ߳ǰİվǰӭ˺üСͬ־õ˵ǷˣôҲûҽԺס죿ҪȰãҪġ
С֪Ǻһģû뵽ڼ
ʱеš
ʶĿԱߵһۡǻҪߣ
ҲûʣֻȿĶЦЦˣרҡллѾˡ
˵꣬ŹļʵϸյôϢϢܵô˵ҲӦȥ
һ˵ĺܣЦվԼߵ˽ܸС
ǻϣһλġΰҪС㰵ãԲûмʱӪϵ˾ţԲס
ô˵ԱߵĻҲӦ͵ǵģͷӵĴҪСӪ绰Ҳ龪һΣʲôԭǻҲһ𸴣ġ
˵ЦЦͺͷԹСһ͵ŻؼҡҪǺϲ˵ﲻôأ
һ仰˵Աߵļ˶Ц
С֪Ȼô졣һμô٩ʱе㲻֪
תͷִŵĸ־Ҷһ䣺ģȥտˮͿ첽ķȥ
Ųܿ죬һ˻˵Щʲôӡ
ϱıӰŵϴһǳЦһ仰ȴѸЦ
˵¶źˣȥɡǳųϹˣ¶¹ʡ


33 
źлϸϵӪ칫ҵʱ, ѾˡͬһĻǸųҲˡ
ŷΪƽʱİ칫ǰ˰Ķ, ˲֪Щʲô, 鶼ࡣ
ǽ, ȫվ, һǫ֮, ͻ, źָϽȥСӡ
½󣬳һС, Ȼ̾˿˵ȷʵСļ˾, СȥһҪ
ô˵, ŸϽ˳ʵųûи, ⵽ôһ£
ôһʣųɫءŵıʴ˴ӡ
˵ӵ绰˵ǻˣһ㱨ҺǸҲ̽¸Cʡ¹ԭĹС, Ȼ֪Ⲣһ򵥵¹ʣ˸ƻ, һԵģ¼
һ仰˵ȫֱӡ
ճŵ˵, һԤııըѾڷҵ˵Ƭ
Щ˵Ŀȷ, ҪݻٵĲǱ, ڳоЩʦ, ʦ
ΪΰУ̶Ĳ쳵䣬Ҳǲֿ⣬ǡרסᡣ
ԣ͵һ
ſ˿ͷû֮ǰסĵط֮ǰǸĿС飬Աһ⣬ûҵһ塣
Ϣ̫ھ㤣㾭սϴˣ˿Ҳе£ɫʼò԰ס
ΪǼҪã̫֪
ڳ֮ǰûк֯㱨һֻǽԼҪԭӵ¶ǸĿ鳤˵һ¡
˵רǵ˼鳤û˵ʹӦˡ
˵ʲôĲżʲôʱæˣдһۼĻͿˣҲʲôٻ㱨
ڿλ鳤Ӧöûüдͳ¡
ôһ˵ΪʲôԱˡ
ΪڱǱߣֲûбĿСҲûнӵص֪ͨ
嶼Ҳȫ£ڵͬ־ȻΪҲ¹ˡ
뵽ģȻҲ뵽ˣرͻϡ
뵽Щ˵ͬ־ֺ£ŭǵĺó
칫һʱúܰ
һ󣬳ŲŴݳš
˿λˣȻֽĿźϡ
ըרŵԱǹܡһܺܿץ֣Ϊսѻרͬ־Ǳ
ҺǸŽϹһϡʲôҪûУȱʲôʲôʲôҪ氲ŵģ˵
⻹ҪǣѾӵϼ֪ͨ𱣻ͻ϶˵ȫҺǸų֮󣬾ٶ޵񽻸Ӫ𣬻ϺҪסȷӪλİȫҪȫ𣡡
ô˵˶ܾȡźü̬ȱʾ˲޳ɡ
ⲻУԺһҪôﳤγǾһ»ߡĶҪʲôרűǲҪ̫ʦڡ
ϣ²ģǾˣǱ
ᶨıʾ˾ܾͬʱվ
ǸоյĽ֣ͣһ£żԻ˵ҲʵھȥҲܻԺˡ
ԺѾرգԱȫǣԺרҲתƵܵλȥˡ
ըѾ쵼ˡ쵼˵ˣҪҲûЩרҵȫҪҪǲϧһд۱ǡ
ûŪľԭûץ֮ǰĹȫͣǵİȫ֮أ
˳ŵĻҵĶ

ӪʱѾҪʮˣʳǱ߶Ѿ극ˡ
ϾûгʲôţžöѾܲסµĲӿࡣ
ɻû߳ʹӺ׷
˵СˣôԷҪȥҼҴպһڣ
⻰˵Žһ٣ź֪ԼϱϲŴԺ
Ŷʱһգ뻹Ǿܾĺ⡣
ˣҲûǰ˵ɩҲ׼һؼԼŪһڰɡϳŵʱҿﻹмѡӦûС̲ˡ
˵˵ţŵǰֳ˼е龰
ȻʶĶ治١ãСļٷͺӶš
ֻһ㣬֤ϱΪǲġ
뵽ŸӹƼǿҵθУŵøϽȥСһȳʳ
û߽Ժţŵ˳ﴫϤζ
ɵһ¡
Ŷ룬˻ûȥԹĻѾ˿ڣ㻹úϢͲܵһһ 
еأԷſӵͬʱһ١
󱦺ͶȫĿ⳯СͶ˹ȥ
С̧ͷһۿľ˵ĵĬĬ˵Ѿˡ˵ķļ򵥡
ô˵ŲųϿ˹ȥֽȻû֮ǰһÿٶǼӼ룬ϱֻǼ򵥵һ档
Ǹ棬ҲֻǼ򵥵ķ˼ˣһ嵭ʲôġ
ɫźת˹
ԭͶǰȺ棬ʱʳ
ԭΪͨ棬֮Իô㣬ȫϱպáû뵽һҧȥȴ̷˲ͬ
ٵ̧ͷȥСȴ˼ѾͷԷҲˡ
תͷȥһԶŮСһǳԵϲûһ˼ӡ
죬ȴֱϣҲͷ
¼һУһȴûղŰ̻ʣϸϸƷеζ
˵һϱߦġͨĸҲǺںģһҧȥܷеŵ
ǼĶģҲ˵һǸ棬ȴŰ档ԭϵĸڸһӱϸ
ֽ˼£Ȼ˸ĵط
ƺֻ˰棬ϸ˿˿һĶ
ζ˲Σÿһ¶һ㡣
ʵ̲סˣʵʲô
⣡⣡
СڣͬĺȻ໥ʹ˸ɫͬʱЦۡ
һӣŻʲô׵ģˣ͵ſԼʲôʱܳԳأ
ͣ˿ӣһֵĿСŲϹĵɶеԵľˣôľ
еģɱ̡öѹ򰡣
ԽԽС̲סԹ
С֪ǸķǵģҲǻֻƽĻһ䣺ϽԣﻹУˡ
һȭ޻ϣʹֻùĿϱһۣ˵ϱˣһ
СѹĻ磬֮£ֻüͷ
ζܹͨȵϵģζžԼͷˡ
Եöͷֱðܿһͼ˵ס
׼ȥһʱȴ׾ȻԲԲĺɰ
󣬵װ۵ģȥĺÿ
һ̧ͷ
Ǽĺ񵰣Ͻԣÿ˶СС˵ţԼб
ȻҲһ
תͷŮ˵滹ûгԵһ룬һңȻһ˷һ
ſԼ룬ֿ˿ңڽԭ׼񵰷ֳȥͷˡ
֪ϱԼԲŶһ᲻˷ϱ⡣
ɿԲĺɰһʱƽ
룬ٴο˿ڣҴһƱ촶°ȥȥҪȥǴϸǲǻҪȥ°ࣿҪʲôԼ˵
˵ȥسǣС۾Ҳˣʵܸܲǵĳһȥ
üһľȣȥسǣ
ǣȥȥܲĶ
ɴ°ǵĳһС֣ôԶ·ߵĺܡҪǲżĻȥ㱨ʱȥ
СѵõֱӴĻûˣι޶ˡ
źĻ˵ˡ
С֮ǰѹûڼ￪ԵЩȫû׼ġ
ֵܹڣӦõĶҴİɣ
ֱӺʹ°˵ɣǮƱ𣬶
СһĴӦţһѵõ˷
⻹һȥسأ
֮ǰɩ˵üΣ˵Ҫһȥسǹ䣬õ㶫Ϊµˡ
Ȼڲȱˣٲȥһ߶Ҫ治סˡ
Ӽİô࣬ⶼˣʲôҲó˰
ɵӲͨ£ŪӪô˫۾أ
ɩӶ˺üΣ͹ҪҪһã
ԣһǱҪȥġ
οС˵سһרʻĵطĶܱߵ
˵Ϊ٣Ҳ̫࣬ȫˣĲǺϣֻҪ˸û˹ܡ
Щǻ͵͵ĺõȥôɩӵĻ˵ǣ϶غ⡣Щ֣֪öóأ
СȥѾܾˡ


34 
ԹСȥʳá
ʵʳѾҪȥæ, Ͼôʱ䣬ʶĶҲʶĲˡ
ϼ죬ٰæЩСսʿҲûʲô⡣
ļһЩ, °˻ȥֱһܲܳ, ôԣ
Сںߴ, ʶЩ治һϵȫ
޷ŷʱˣͨ, , ҲЩСսʿĺóԵöࡣ
ڵСÿ춼ȥ, ȴҲʹ°˹ϵرá
ʱЩСսʿϺ񺣻Ķ࣬ĸһЩ, ܼ, һ㡣
˵ȥسǣ°೤ҲûʹӦˣ⽻ϲ, ῪСȥſڽ
ȷȥʱ䣬СͿʼĥȥسʲôˡ
νЩ˵϶Ҫġ
ϸղ˵, ΪسǵԲйӦ, ԲҪŶӹֻҪйӦƱʱȥʱֱӸͳɡ
ֻ򵽶ϸͲ˵ˡ
Ϊǵһȥس, СҪʲôʵҲûɻǾǮ׼㶫
ʱǮƱȫʰ˳, 뻹Ǿعһˡ
ȥԼ￴ûʲôóġ
ɩӿǸ˵, Ǹгһ϶ﻻġ
úǶ˯, СֻصԼķ
Щŵĳͷ, ҳһƥɫϸ
ǹ﷢ģµ޲ÿ˺öòꡣڴϣ׼ȥ
ʱСȻ˵
ΪĴˣⲻһ˵ˣҲû̫⡣ţȴ֣ɵͣĶϸ
˵ǲǹΪùðúõҪʲôϺ棬ҪϺʲôǶûŷȥҰ
˭˵أ˵ŷĲɳȥˣ˺üӰӶûҵùһؿɲùӴ
Ҳû취˼˵Ļջȥùһ鷳ˡ 
СԽԽԾҲȥŷֵܷܲʲôĬһȻֱӽŷ
û뵽ǣ˿Ȼڷš
ʱѾ緹ʱ䣬ŷһˡֻĬĬСһƬȻ
ӣС֪ѾͷӦǳûˡ
СÿԼ㲻¶ʱϲһԼȻĬĬľɥ
С˿ɫĵ˵ͷˣǳˣôѵ¶Ȼûޡ
뵽Լһ¡ʦûˣӦǿ޶ûض˰ɣ
СʼĥԼĿ棬ܵͽŪһϺ
Ӫĺ̲඼ȥˣ˲٣Ϻһû
ȻżҲܴ㣬ٵҲûһϺ
СãϺ϶еģֻԼû
׼ȥͺк취ԼһһǮҲûϵ
ȻСȻ뵽ĺгʱˡ
һϺ
źߵʦСʲôµģ
ֿͽһۣĲ뿪ˡ
ڶ컹ûͽ˼ſڣʱСѾȺʱˡ
һֲ͵ֳһʱе档˳ϣǳཱུŵĽ飬Ķá
ڳӵĺһĺ̴ŨصĲζϹβ˵ӻҡε
һ·ϣСòһֱץסӵߣһСģ˦ȥ
⳵ٶȻǿԵġɩ˵ƽʱȥҪ߲Сʱֻ֣ҪһСʱ͵ˡ
ֱӽţСᳵ·ȥΰ칫ҡ
Ȼ죬û˵䣬ֱӴȥ˲ֿ⡣
Ҫ࣬Сָ£ͺĳһˡ˵µʱСóԼƱ͹ӦԱðװ
ȷʵ˵ṩϸࡣϵڣСҲף档Ǵ׻ڵĺܣ붼ס
ɾҲѾˡϾЩʲôҲͷ
ͺܺðˣ棬棬ЩѡһʱҪӲԴ䡣
ĺӶϲԺɣСθҲǷ᷵ɴཫ붼Ҫ׺͸
ȥ˸ʳꡣ
ڸʳƷĹӦȽ٣ƱҲһܹõسǵͨʲôһ컹ûʳƷǰŶˡ
Сǵʱ򶼰˵࣬ŵˣﻹʲôö
鶹š
תһȦ˵ҲֻһѺһʵϺƤ
ȻʲôϡͦõġַֺϺƤͷҲ󣬶ʰķǳɾСǺġ
ôԶô㶫ﻹе㲻ʡ룬˵ȥ˵ĵطɣ
ô˵һĲ죺ɩӣҪǼĲ˲ʵӪֵûС
Сæҡҡ֣û˵Ļ˻ȥ
ôȱҲռҵıˣǶġοҲûȱǸݶϡ
ҾǺ棬һȥҲǼȱʲôòǾˡ
Ķʲôʣھʹȥ
ô˵һ˿ӣǾóĲ̫󣬲ֵУسǣʵ˵໹һӪࡣҲʣ㿴֪ˣöҶӶõġ
˵Żߵ߲˵ĵط
Ȼͬ˵Ѿûʲôˡ
·ܲʣµҲ棬ȫǱʣġ
СԽԽʧ
ڣҪ׼뿪ʱСȴڹ̨һ￴˼ɢĵϻһЩϹϡ
ֻǣԷŵʱе㳤ˣƤе衣
ⶫôģ
СǰҪʼۣȴһסɩӣⲻʣ˷ǮӪֵҲУˣһ£ʱҸ͵ȥ
һСֵʮִ֣Цų˵һ䣺ǰԣһǳ档ҲԼǰȥӪҵԱʼۡ
ȻҲֲϹôܳ棿СɩȫӪпڽԱġ
Ӫͷ֮࣬ǰ󱦰ڵʱҲʳ
ǰӹʲôӣڹʲôӣ۾˶ó
ԣһɩ˵ҪԣȰ˵Ļ˵ˡ
ϹϺȷʵŵʱе㳤ԭͲʲôֵǮĲߡϿվһߵžװӪҵԱܺ˵İСĨ˸㡣
һϹֻһǮ
С⣬Ա۵ֱ顣
ٳʱСȥǸСг
֮ҲûʲôԾı飬Ȼǰ϶ٴˡ
ֻǶС˵ɩӣô˵Ҫ˵ĻʱӦȥǶڶˣǸгӦɢˡЩˣͨǳ첻ȥġ
ô˵Сʱźˡ
֮ǰʵȥȥνϾ֪Ҫسģ´ٺԼҲˡ
ƫƫ˵£ҲҪһԼСͽܵġ
Ȼû˵ѾԴʧı顣
ӣ룬˵ˣȥɡȨϸ·´
˵ֲһ䣺ɩҵȸ˵һ£ֵطҲȥ
˳ϴľװʡҰ͵ǸӿڣȻڸ㣬Ұɡ
СﻹܲӦ
֪֮ǸνĺгһխխСġ
ԶǺƾɵӣһһ壬ⶼղ
ʱѾʮˣãһȴģ˸оʪ䡣
˵гɢˣӿģʲôˡ·ߵӣҼһҲţһȫûסһ
ӵͷߵͷԼĽŲȻһ㶯ûνϣԽʧҲԽСԼһ˼ֱʧˡ
ɾߣҪߵӿڵʱ򣬺Ȼ˴͵һ¡
޷СŵòûмгȻ󷽴һꡱ
æսͣתͷ
ŷ־ովһլԺĴڴһԴ
ǸǿڿǽϵģλеߣҲС濴ܿһƬʲôҲ
ʱһȥʮվǴڴӶ̽˳
ӣղžԼһ¡
תͷҲûϻ°ͣ涼ʲô
˯ǰרܹСľϡ
˵׵˶һӣҪװİŵĲһǣ¶뽻Ķ
˼ҿȤģͻڨˡ
죬ΪֻвԸɴͽһ£
ʵĴ
ô˵¶һʧı飬룬ǲĵ׷һ䣺ûģԵûУ
Сһ
û̴𸴣Ƿʵʲô
ϸĴһƺɲšƬ֮Ŷ˵һ䣺
˵꣬ԴʹӴ˻ȥ
ûӣƾɵľŴһ죬С֡
Сһ£˽ȥ
ӣס˶ǹ̶ġʲô£ܿܲ鵽
οڲԶԼʱ䲻ȥ϶һʱҹ
Լпռɽ
ԣСڰȫⲢǺܵġ
෴ñԼִģŪݵˣǶŸķա
ԼĻΧԱȸղԵɶˣе˺ܶࡣ
ʵĴ㣬ȱһЩзҪóԵĻҲҪ
ϺüС̽ʵ
֣۾ʱж٣
ҵȿϺóҿС˵
һ£˵ʵϺãûдģֻһЩ׼ԼԵġ
óҿɡСһ
ֻҪУС˭ƽϣ
ģֻҪ֤ʣȻܼϺζ
ڴСҪ
ܿһͰװ˰Ͱˮ߶ʱˮɽ
ͰСĸǰһţЩ
Сͷ˹ȥһ۶ʱﵽһ仰Ҳ˵ˡ
ϺĴСһʲô⣬һָͷҪٳһЩϺȻᱻԸó
еĴϺ׵ж
ҪϺֻһźֲһ䡣
ЩҶҪˡҪټСǿѹ¼Ȼƽʵ
㿴ŸɡкýߵϵͰ˼־ɥ
ΪϺü۸ơ
˵ʾͻ
Сһ֪һ׼ֻٴνƤ˻ȥ
ǡ̽ı֡
˵꣬Сһ㣬æһٶһҵĺҲܺõġ
СһͰϺȥˮ֮ͰôҲжࡣ˵ٴһ
Ҫ֪ղڸʳһëǮأ
ѹִɩһֱ˵һҪ⺣гһˡ
Сֻղڹסļֻ࣬жʮһóУóʳе̫˵ȥˡ
ȫ꣬ȻһͰĺš
ͰװƻҪĴ㣬ʯߣϺͺٳǰֲĿ˿űľȱҧҧ˻ȥ
һǮЩȱҡٵ˵
꾪Ŀһۣƺе㲻ŮΪʲôôɵɻǺԥĴӦˡ
СҲ֪ĲǣϾȱⶫϡ٣ϺʱʱʱҲܼ񵽼
ǡûмôģһô࣡
ȻûȥɴһһûʮҲжʮ
ΪĶʵ̫ˣҪСõֿڣܾˡ
ŵʱڻЦЦض˵գҼҡԺҪʲôǰ˴ţȰ׼á
ֹԣ͸ղűģˡ
СЦ
Сռ˸䣬ȷΧûע⣬СٵĽеĺȫŽ˹ڵСݣֻһʯͼȱ
ôһ㶫֪гӦɢˡʧοһ·
ȴ֪ڳĬô˵СʱѾ˵ĿҪֳ
תôһȦټ·̣СصҶѾˡ
ԭѾ˯˵ӣĶ֮ȫ˳һɵĸˮһֱӱڹﱣŵķһһ˳
ȻⷹСԼ⼸ֻҪһ¾ܳԣɿǻ֪רŸСʣСеġ
Ͻ룬ԭͲӵԴϸһѣŵȥ̿ǿϹϳԡ

°֮ſΪСָĺòãʵ򰵴Ҫ䷹Ҫ󣬴ͻһ˼ҡ
ŻкԶľ룬ŵһɴûŵζ˵ĹŹ֣㣬һս˵ѿǵζ
ŵˮͿƲסķڳ


35 
˲Լͬӿ˽Ų, ܿߵԺſڡ
ԺţȾ洫ߴߴ¸С˵ЦԼﲢֻд󱦺Ͷ, ҵҲ
תͷţӴ, ǽҪϯ
ǻ˼ԡ㶼̵ԱһԷ, ôͲܴ˼ң
㲻ҲˣǺƤ㻹ĵģ
ûһϵľ, һ㲻ϲ
ŴȥCʡ֮, һ𴦵ʱ, ҲԽԽ
սӴʱ򣬾ⶼǵ¸ص, ˵µ
ʱ, ŷʵЩѧʵˣӷĺܡˣ;㵱ˡ
, ЩûûСһ㲻Լ
磬ʶû, һ㲻İϱһƿӽ˿ȫˣ
û취˵
˿һԹı, ǳ˳飬װûпƫͷȥ, ˳ƿԺš
һţ͸Ũ, ֱԷȫǼıꡣ
ȫʶһ
椵һ, ͵һ´Сվ, һͳ˹
ԲС̵ĳֱ˶, æͷȥӣȴٵһƬ
һû˸졣
ʶĽ˽Ķģ͵ģɿڡ׽£ȷʵܳԳȴ֮ǰԹȫһζ
֪ϱĥŸóԵˡ
һ̧̹ۿʱСŮѾ˸ͻϡ
ɿ˱Űְֵȣ߹ȥؾصĳλ˾һһүүá
վֱӳЦ
СѾͷڱСü
Ÿɸɾ黨СӣͷСװ׵Сһ㶼ʱһƤݵģལ۵ġ
ôԹɵվţֻĶȵġ
ʱҲǣҲæ֮ǰĵط˹
ûһֱŶȥȳ˾Ϲʺã֮תһ
ǽأ˶ɵð档
ǿӺͻҲ˹ѧĶ˺ãȻһȥ֮ǰΧŵĵط
ʱ˲ڿ˸ղŵζǴӺζ
Ժӿλ÷һ̿衣
Ƕȡů֡
ȻλƫϣҲƫůɱϾǿǶʱҲʪġ
û̿裬ȥ
ֻѾůˣҸ̿Ҳˣ˭Ҳû뵽ǼҵⶫᱻС
ʱǸ̿ϼһһǽϾӵϴŵ˿ġ
úܣ̿Ͽɿɺá
źЩг˱ƬгϹϡ
ƬϹϻĨһ㱡ͣ̿ţ̵
Աߣһʢ͵С룬һˢӣϼһ˫ӡ
һȥ󱦾·̿ߵСϣÿӼƬǷ档
Ѿɫ滹оȵ״ֺÿˣóԾ˸оζ
˶ȤȻĿŴæµȴһҲ
ַ
Ӿ֪
ôԿ϶һˡ
أҿ˿ûпСɵʵ
Ļû䣬Ժֱ˴ƿСʹһһ˽
ǣСһ£æλ˺ãȻкźȥӣˮ
һͲܹҲϽܻԼңѼҲ˹
æ˺һڶŲ˽˵ô¡
ԭϱȥһϹϺͿ˸ӳԡζ̫ˣͰǿӺͻӶ˹
ӳԵ𣬴м˼ΣСһǲؼҡ
༱ˣҪˣСһס
˵Ķ࣬ɴһԷˡ
ֻ֮ôӦ
Ȼ˵ԼҺԺ߲ҲкܶģСȥʲôһ𿾵ģȻϹôҲ԰
ղ˻ʱŮںԺժˣԲûš
ۿôˣһ̿Ȼǲġ
Сʹ˸ɫһкǿӻؼҰǼҵ̿һ˳
æţȥǶһˣǶʲôġ˵˵ɶԿ
ô˵СҲûš
Ȼ˵֮ǰһԷҲûҪ㡣
һ۾˵˵ڡ
տⶫֳԲ϶ǵóԵͷ֮ġ
ͻˣǾͲôŪˡ
һ˼ĿˣԶ͡
УСô˵Ϊλܹڱը֮ǰ뿪˱
֮٣ҲǼҵľˡ
ڶţôҲĿ
ɩӣǾ鷳һˡҲܲܿʲôͶһɣôԶü
ô˵˵ͷС˵ûʲôﶼܱɺóԵġ
뵽תҪţȴСһסȻͼóһǮҪԼĿڴ
ʱˣ
ǮǮ㻹Ǯ໨ȥˣ
СæͣŴġ
ֻһҵĿˣ˼ҲӪģ岻ǽ̵Ա
˵ţɸֵСʹĴһ¡
СѾͷͳİɣôɣԺôأΪҲ֪õͰģġ׼һѼĵȫ͸ɾ컹ˣԺ󻹹ˣ
Խ˵ԽҲ֪Ǻʱ
ֻʹСһۣٸôƽϣԺҲ˵Ҳˣ
˵ֱ꣬˦־ͳš
ŴıӰСЦҡҡͷ
Ȼ֪ɩǶãԼűۣͦҲҶ˵һ䡣
ʵͷʰ֮ǰժĸ߲ˡ
˵ǾģСڳﳤ󡣿ֲ˵ı£СҪǿ֪ٱ
ż·ݣԺĲ˾ͳϲˡ
ղժľд⣬ܲӣС˻
ÿһˮ飬žϲˡ֮ǰسϹϣ֪Ҫÿٱ
Сܲϴгֵָĳȫг˰ָǌĺԲƬȻֽƬϹпˣ˷һƽʱɹɲ˵ô࣬ͣ֡
Ϊ֮ǰֻúǳ棬û׼ˣС嵭ֻƬĨһϸΣĵһûӡ
ӴȥҲˣһһ̿衣
үһȺԺռģ
룬һζŨĸպ
ڹﳴһĩκ棬ַ֮ǰôӹûĸɽĥɵķۡ
ζó֪϶
׼Ĳˣ̿ҲȼˣѶ˳ȥ
̻ôôϣ»˳
һΣСȱȫ˳ˢϴɾ࣬½ڿ˰ںá
׼ȥ֭ʱ򣬴ѾһС¨˽
ͷϵĺк괭Ӿܿóһ·ŵġ
СϽͣĻȥһˮû˵һ˸ɾ
֮˵ҰҵĶˣȫ㿴вУ
С¨ĶȫһſƴСƽ㣬ֻСзֻİצ㣬߰˸򺡣
ˣ湻ˡСû뵽һδܹôණʱϲ⣬ҲڷŽ˶
Ҫ֪ղ˰˼붷ˣھҪҪѽ򵽵ʯó
˵ʵ᲻á
ôõĶųԣʵ̫̣ˡ
ΪһʦҪúóԣҪﾡãõֵҲǺġ
ЩʯǱסˡ
̸˴ҪôϴôʰЩ֮СȥĽ֭
ʯʵ˺ܶ࣬ȻкõĽĩ뽴ͣɽۣһͽϡ
ʱŨζ˱Ƕ
ҵ찡Сʲô
ζʵ̫ˣˣϴһ˹
СЦҲתֽʰõȱȫһСҨ֭һһĽȥ
ȫŪ֮ӵݸࣺɩóȥǿעĿǸŪˣ֭Ū࣬ٿľ׺
İɣȥ˵ô˭ҪǸҸˣʣµĶʲôˣ
˵ţӻ̲ס˿ڿˮ
ȥСߵӱߡ
ӣ׼ȥʰЩƽͰצʱһϤζ
ŵζ
ʹζӳµĳСǵһʱֱ˳
ҪתѾ˹
ŪʲôϽȥԡ
˵ߵСԴԽļ￴
ڿצ䶯ŵİצʱ̲ס۰˻һŵתͷСȵʵⶫܳԣ
Ϊ̫һתͷ˵ҪСһˡ
֡
ļձߡ
Сڵһ±ͨ죬ʶľҪˣȴ˴ʱʵվġ
һˣɴֱ˵Ļ
˫ַһѣȴûж㿪ǽ˸һ¡
ֻҪ˵ʱŷɿķſ֣Һ߳ŭ֮ǰԱһ
ȴվûбסЦ
СߵȦˡ
ӣڲҼˡ
æĺȰţˣˣ˵ôʰŪȥԷһȫˡ
˵꣬Ծ¾װԱߵϣӡ
֪˸ղǹֵģƫƫô
СּҲȥۣȥ࣬צ㡭
ȻΪΪˣɰⶫʵġ
С̾˿Խצȫ̳һ
Σˮֱ꣬ϵҺȫϴɾ
Ȼˮ˺Ĥȥīңֱԭȥȣеͻͻɰ۵Сɰ
һϴɾ
СЩʱһֱվԱĬĿšֱһֻɾȻס֡
һˣȥԡ
˵ҪԼȥԶ˵ûһжǼٵġ
ɻôණҪСôܶÿ֣
㶯㣬һϽŪ꣬ҾܳȥˡûĶ˵
ȴԼûиоźѲǡ
죬ȸղŽʱҪ˼֡
İ㴦ɾ
ʣİצʱһͷƤӡ
ɳ˼룬ץСղŵĶȺ«ưʰ
ʱСѾֱ˵ϣôн⣬ʽϽƽȣˡ
Œ꣬ĽҲץȣ֮ţԼһ֮ǰӣһ˳ȥ
˶볯֣СˣϽæˣԵ㶫
˵ţԱƵӣѿŵλ˳
һûĶȫ壬ȻС
ոͽһСݸ
СͷһûЦˡ
װֱҪð⡣
ƬϹղó򺣬ȱһȱٳһ
ϽԣҶõĸš
벻Żһ㲻ӵſĶֹһ䡣
ߣСٶĴһ£Ȼֵĵһۡ
ԼͣôŪҲ¿Ц
ȴٲȻһоģĸ첲°ָָ롣
ȵϱʼ۰ˣźٺЦһõĿӣѶ˳ϼС
ֻڼеצʱֻǽ˰УתͷѯĿС
мֿܣƺ˵Ķܳ𣿡
С֮ǰڴ°ʱѾˡ
սʿǰצܳԵʱҲһĵִ
˺ĵһֱȰ˵Ƕжī߰˺ڵĲ˵𤣬ϴϴɾ
̻սʿôô֮ЩСһԵöֵҪ
Cʡʱ̫ˣǸ׶Σûгζ
ͲͬˣԹצĽأȻҲСĸ̻ϱ
ŵĶ֪ôˣСſڣһ˵ӣ¶һı顣
ȥȥȥõóԷ˵ӣĶһһеϣģķ
ȫȻһ԰ڵļơ
ѹһۣҪɻֱ˦ƹ񡣹ȵרϿõʳСС
ÿȥһ¶ı飬׿ڳһ㡣
ܿ죬ֶںζζɢ
ǱζнĴԼ˿Ľ㡣
ȻҲûһ˵ȫæ

һͳԵνСʮ˳˲ڴϹϣǰĲ˰㰡ģ˸⡣
⻹㣬Сóȫˡ
ûޣԼҲ˹Ҳ˷ڻϿˣպʣĳ㣬Աµǵ֭ˮ˸ɾ
Щ˻һδӣСľáǵθǸ޵׶
ɼôţǿٵĻ˳ʣµı߽߱ǽǣһʸ
˵Ǳ߽߱ǽǣʵҲȫǺö
޳з⣬࣬лϺƤˡ
봿ĸٳС͡
ζղһ˵ӳŵĶ椣ҲֳС롣
ʱѾϾŵ㣬Ѿ͸
ӪԺӣĵطȫһƬѻȸ
ҵԺ˶һģϴΥҸ
λҲóԳˣȻ˲ȫ̱ϣŶӣҲ
ʵ°ٸԳëˣȰǻд
ǿӺͻӱؼ˯ˡ
ű׾ڰŴһʰŲ;ߡ
ԺලŶϴ֣׼˯
ԺȻڣСľͱǿƵĸ˷䡣
˵࣬ʣµĻòɡ
ң͸򿪵ķæǣСȻãʵӦþһֱ׷İɣ
󸻴ֻһܹһƽƽ


36 
Сһ˯Ѵ
δϵĴ, ̵۾
һеֲ⵽ϻ˯ѡ
۵̫ݣӸһֱϿʮһ˯, ˯̫̤ʵ, мȻһζûѡ
˯ú˵ССҲûԼ·˳
ڿڿϵСʱ, һ, ȻѾ˵ˣ
, ű˵٣Ӧ緹Ȼȥϰˡ
ֻǣôûԼȺ˰ѼԵ̹뾻, ϳԵʲô
С߳˷š
һžͿ󱦶ڳǽߵĲǰڽɢĲ롣
ǸɻȵģСһѾѵ·, ֻһ£ɼ, ͷҲ, ôԶ, СܸоСһڵ
ůġ
ûп, תȥ˳, ӳóһСӡķۻҪģ֮ǰһֱû̫ó
ⲻȥһسСȫΪɽһЩóˡ
ůƿﵹһЩˮСνȥ˼η, ųš
, Ъ
ˮƽʱõСľ, ֡
ˣ󱦸˵ĴӦһ˹
֮ǰȥѹˮǱ߰ϴϴɾ
ŴһˮСһ̵ܵ˸ǰ۾ЦģҲûʱֵӣţӣСԽԽϲֻð˲С
һѽԼϣӿڴͳ־
ѾˣƽʱȻûǰǡ
ȻСӶɵñýӲֱͦͦģһҶ
Сֳһ˿
ŤСģС̲סһЦ
ڴ󱦵ϴһ£ЦŶôﻹˣ
˵߰ϵˮȫɾ
ЦȻһ仰Ҳû˵ɿҲܹóǸ˵ġ
֪ƤСҲûΪɾͷָָˮ룺Ͻˡ
˵꣬Լȡ˴ӹ֬Ĩϡ
˵֬ʼʱǲԸĨģƫСֵý˵Լĺӣ紵ѣġ
󱦱Ť˼ΣûбٸĨʱҲûʲôоˡ
ϳԵʲôСһ߸Ĩһʵ
ȥôͷżĶ̲ˡʵʵĻش
˵ָָ꣬õģڹء
ô˵СԴϳ谮һѣˮ꣬Ż˳
ƿǣȻºŵͷ
ͷ˰죬Сε̾˿ǽóгСȻΣӴлȵͷϡ
ϻ𣬷ͱ㣬˼ͷ
Ϊݣڱ˵ˣӳԶҲúܡ󱦻Щʹﲻϲһ㲻Υ˴˵⡣
ͷҲǻȥġ
ɶ椡Ҫǲ¼ӹһ£Сùƿ
Сڳæʱ򣬴ѾýϴˡȻһ³˸緹
һٷ˶Եĺܡ
գСӶȥ棬Լˢϴ룬ɻûʰڽС
ССȥҰˣȥȥ
Сϵˮ߳ʵɩӣȥĶڣ
ȷӪڵӪΧûʲôءҲǿ
ûأȥʲôطҰˣ
ȥӪĲ˵ءԺмǽڶµ
ô˵С۾һôһ磡
˵ӪĲ˵أⷽԲΨһһء˵ǵɲսʿһһڽ˻ġ
ĺܣ
ٴҰʱ
֪ĻᣬûȥСѾһһӹ̫̫óԵĲߣ޲׶гˡ
˵¸ǣ˵ҪǳȥСһҲ˷ܼˡ
ͲкһòӵòӣͰͰܵñǻ졣
ϾȷӪϤ̶ȣ⼸Ǳ֪Ϥٱ
СӾͲǸҹģӪҲȥʳãɺǾͲͬˡ
ȷӪλñȽУ͵зһ֮
ƽ˫Ȼûпսʱʱģ涼ŸǹɵСֶӹңһΣԵġ
ԽֹĿǰԸļֻдС
ļԭҲż̽ףƫƫյ̽׵ʱֳôһը
̽׶ֹͣˡ
ԣȥ굽꣬ӪĺֻĸȫӪµĸɲսʿûвʶ⼸ġ
ϡΪ󣬴ҶҲݵĺܡֻҪƤӪʵûĻֹ
ȫӪǱ˭
ĸǰţںšСе㲻ģʵɩӣȥҰ˺Ӫ˲˵ʲôɣ
ʳôţҰǿԵ˵ĶСٶе㲻ڡ
ôʣЦɩǲµˣڵĻҿ϶㡣İɣҰ˴°ǲҪ
˵Ȼ뵽ʲôæС˵Сҽһʵ͵۽䣬˵˵ʲôڲʲôνǧ̫ϣһɱޡ
Сգգ۾һʱе㷴Ӧ
˼Ҳ˵䣬˵
Ƕа
⸱飬ָ˰죬һСףԭΪʵСӪĲ˵ؿ˵Ǻ޲ðõĵطȫˡ
ֵĲ˵Χ﹡Ҳüխ
սʿѵõҪ֤֮⣬ĵط˵Ǵ𣬴á
ԣܳҰ˵ĵطʵ̫ˡ
һĿڣҪڹһٳԵĲ˶ѣʱһ綼ڲӵסܹһӪսʿԣ
°ôˣƽʱŰ˶㣬û˷ʱ䡣ڻҪȥϺӶǸˡ
ڵҰˣ˭˵
˴ĻСеʧģɶٻĴһ롣
Ұٵǿడ
һ㣬һ㣬û׼Ūȥ١
˵ôأС۾úܣջҲһ
˵䣬Ǿ͵˲˵أڿһ˲Сһ£ȻһӾ˴˵ĴǸʲôˡ
ͣܵԱ߶ǲ˵أмȶûС
·ߣǽ¡ȫ°Сսʿڿĸ˳ͨĲ˵ȶҪ̫ߵ
һŵء
Сɵֿ˴࣬ʣɩӣĶҰˣ
˵Ұˣ˰ҰݶûС
ң
һӣżӾһȥˣȲˣҰ²ˣʲôУҵöǻȥӣ
һӣӶʱǣôߴȫ۽еɢ˿ȥ
ָָ¢С˵߶ңСŵ㲻˼Ҳ˵زȻû£ӦöҲҵɶ
һӣСԹԵԸĺ档
һҰ֮Уľ˵ȨǴźǳġ
СĻ˵ǡָ˳ԷȫҶö
ǴСˣԿ˿Сʱӵ׶
⣬Ǹ׶ǴʵڿԼڵץһѷŽȥŸġ
˵أؼѶ
ȻҰûڶ٣һ棬ӻǺܸ˵ġæ˰磬һҲֱۣСͣҲû˭ɡ
Ȼ˵˵ȥ벻һԡ֣رǸղŴһ䡰ӡǹ˺ǵĲ棬ȫŬԹĽǸʲôζ
ǱˣȻʳȽ϶ࡣֵܶ࣬һŮʵۼǰ󣬼Ҳǽߵġ
Ҫеʲôö޲ȫ
ԣҵľǹҲƽ˼ҵĺҪúܶࡣ
󱦺Ͷ椣ǸӣС֮ǰ֪н
ΨһԹһΣ˫֮󣬸ǰġ
ɾһΣ˵ҲǷǳõĻˡ
ǿӺͻӵҫӦҲѷɫرǶ椣ȻСƤȴĸģһһĽȫóԵģ
ǰģǼڶ⣬öö࣬ȫ⣡
İȫ⣿Сô˵̲ס˿ڿˮ
ţȫ⣬ɴɴӣԵͣͷһĵ
СģôЦͣȤССһ¸ǼĶǮѰǰȫĽӣ
Ǳ飬дˣǸܼӣ治Ӱ
СƵθ۵ġ
ʱر˽ֻʳûпǡ
Ž⣬һǰһٴӡ
ɾģҲܳϰ
ֻһڨڨĻش𣺡С˵Ҳţⲻڴţ
Ȼ仰ͽ¶˹ȥǽӳӶ̵ģֵСҲˣ
ϱڹϲϲÿǲϵġԺ󣬳˺ʣ繫һ飬кþûгԹʵˡ
˰ɣʲô²ϵţһǣСȻеȲˡ
ȫǡ⡱⡱⡱K⡱
Ŀˮʶʲ
ȻȥЩϺҲ֪ûУ
ôҲùȥ
쵽֮СһʱͰϺ˹ȥ
Ϻ˿ռרȥŷһ裬Ϻ֮ǰŵĺˮһ˽ȥ
ڰϺŽľ֮ͬдһһûб۸񣬶ֱҪһֻרдһֻʼ
ڴļʵ̫ˣֻϧ˶࣬ûʲô
ڼ¹ȥˣڻ
ӪûɣÿҲûšڸϺ֮СĵһӦǡ
Ȼֺˣ֪ӦٶҪһˡ
뵽С̲ס˿ڿˮֱԼˡ
СùãҲʳᾫڲϸˣ⣿ɽ亣ζͷһ¡
ǻıˡ
ô˼ţһȺ˻˼ҡ
ʹ֮ô󱦴ý⣬ܵóæ
ʯ߽һˣȻûôһֱŻ
ҰҲˣҲＸͶʵǣ
Сһ϶øǵ԰ڣûС̶Ҫ˵ġ
߶ţСϵĶһûͣ
μҰ֣ˣҰȲˣһСҰܹۡҲûãҲŷˣɴȫʰɾ󣬶˶顣
ϰ棬棬Ľȥͺ÷һ߱ã׼ӼҰ˱
Ȼʼʰʯߡ
Сʯ߸ͷͦģһôҲһ뻹ϡ
ִַʣ
ζ϶Ȼôܹʾ
вˣһϺƤ׷ʱ˳ϹϣһСʱһ
Сϴɾ׼ݽӳʱԺﴫ˿ŵžͿ˽
ߣȻͻϡ
˵ʱһĲԸôϾֻʣˡ
λˣҲٴһ㲻˼
ǣСû˵æӭ˳ȥϣԵһ£ٳǾͿ
˵ߣһֶûʡ
ƽ⣬λ˸Ӳ˼
ʹ˸ɫϽ׷Сһ˳
СǴ˿һ˰ɡ
˵ţŵȻһȥС廨⡣
С׼ò˵һͣת
Ȼûѯ˫˵۾ȫɻ
Ҳûӣ̹ϵĶ˵С֪ǸʵˣҲȦӡҲ˽ҵģûİãͺһڳԵġ
ҪǲʶҲˣʶˣסôҪǲҴҸڷԣһ춼èץƵģҲøɻˡ
˵˼ԼҲо˲˼æ͵СҲ̫֪һ˴ӣ࣬ҲרչǣͣʱһףҺͻϵľСǸǻύʳѵġ
СҪڣһܾģʹİ˰֣æİĻ˻ȥ
ǳԵһ㶼࣬Уʳģÿ¶⵰һҪߺܶࡣùһ԰󱦺ͶҲҪһӪ
˼ҼúҪˣҪ˵СʵĲ̡
æǶܻӭͻҼҴѽʳѶνġĻ˵λ˼ܳԶ٣Ƕһ׵¶Ҹղʣ𣿡
СвУǣУʳѿɲУ
ӦǸû뵽СȻô˵һʱ侪ȵԼҪ˵ʲôֲˡ
˵˰ˣСӦͷǾͺˣҪʳǾǲеġ
˵ʶһ⣬ǾǡСһ˺ܲס
ÿźһȺ˵ĳԺȣˣ
뵽Լòʣһ顣
С㿴ҪҴС֪ͨ°࣬ʳ͹ȻҰǮƱ°࣬ǰʱѹǵ⣬Ͷ͵Ǽв
СʵղĲӦλڼҴԷġ


37 
ܶ, µľ˶ӡ
ŶȫȻţеʲô£ֻҪ˵, һ, 롣
λˣһϸģ쳤վõ, ˭ұ֤¶һߣ
, Сǰ¶ǸСı顣
Լ̡
һ˪, һݡ
뿪ҵʱ̻ûʹءСƲסȥ
˼Ϊѡ
ټϣԼҵĶˡ
, ٲ⣬СҲ˵ܾĻ
ԺСĵɡĬĬ̾˿
аô㶼СЦӦĻ, ȥЪţ˵һ˳ȥǡ
ȥû, ž˽
ıż, ΧСȥ, Ҳ˵, Ҳ뿪
顣
Сһǰ, һ˵ϹΣȥӰˮϴϴ˺顣
ǰϵĸ, ԭϳ, ϡ

̴Ц, ӦŸϽӹ󲽳ſߡ
ģСָʲôǸһƵġ
ǣ˵ıӰСһ
ȻԼҲ̲סЦ
ǰرھӪһֱӲ
ϾΪһսӵ٣ɷòµĳݺ;η޷ġ
ܶˣ˵񶼴ŽšõĴǡЦֺڡǲáЩ
ֻС֪Լҵʱһϸģˡ
޷ǾΪˣ밲οο
ΪλѾģ鷳Լģ֮°οĻôҲ˵ˡ
һһ𲻾Ӧ໥£໥ŹСûоʲôΪѡ
ˣ춼ʲôССֹһ䣬Ҳûȥĥˡ
ΪһȦ˵ſҲûʱСո˿⡣
廨бƬ𱬳֮˺ϸ˿ĸ񣬿ٷϣܿһд΢𣬺ζһ˿ˡ
λһλȺã׼ˡ
һ桪
Ũͳུ˿ⷺ͹⣬ÿһ˿ϰţɢŨ
ʯȻΪʱˣڹ˵ʱ΢ЩԵϣΪСһ㱬ͣ
Ұ˱ӱдŽƣһǷ˰ͼŵò١
һ躣ҲΪƮǵϺƤԵøĿ
֮⣬ϻһϴøɸɾС𣬿õϹϺ
ϣһõСݲˣҲ°ġ
ϯ棬㹻˰ɣ
ӣ˵ͬʱ¶㷲ı顣
СɲôڰǰһȫĻʳѶˣɲ
ǾҴƽʱһԾУĲרΪЩ⡭Ҳ̫ʢˡ
һǻȳԱߵҲæͷǡ
ûרʲôпڸˡ
Сһַ䣬һùΪһ˼һ廨⣬΢ЦŽ͡
λһĲţָָҰ˱
ǽڵҰģĵӸϺʱĺѼӵڰ棬ǽԵ׷
˵ЦЦɲǸȥһˣϸ͸һ㡣ҪλǳԲġ
Щ
СĿ⽫Ĳȫһ飬̹ϣǾͿźסЩǺѡ⣬մϵĹ⣬ȻһҲܳżء
˵ֿ˴󱦺Ͷһۣڣͬĳͻ˵ллүү
̵ͯг˸м񣬿λ۾һȣʧ̬
ллԲˣԲˣ
ԼûжĿӣһ˼һӵƬŵǵ
ף˼С˵ڿԼͷӵأ
ҰˣѼӵǮɱģνϣװһǽ˼ôԼԣ칦и
ǸʵϺӰ
һѾʼԷ˵СҲ˵ʲôˣֻǰļ
ԹͻϾˣҲȥϰࡣ
˯֮Сȥŷ
ȻԼͽܵһģһ쿴¶ġ
ֱȥǸС䡣
һţСһ¡
ȻǸľһŵļλ
Ӧò֪ôƺֻǼ򵥵дĸ֣Ӵˡ
̲ס˳顣
ûȫˮôżǣ֪ŷû㡣
ֻλǰϸɵӣֱ˾µĵĺ½ʱˮ
СЩ˺þãкһ
ȻԼѾˣۿ˸ԼϹ̬ҲһܺܿȻġ
СһǸλͽֱ׵Ժ
ʲôҲˣߵ϶Ѿˡ
ȻԼϵҲһ죬֮ǰҲû뵽ԼϹ
뵽ϹСһͷۡ
ŬԵݲˬȥڹ²ԼҪĶ
һΣǼĺˣȫȻ֮ǰӡģֻҪ׼ҪЩͺá
һֻɱʰɾ˵ķʼ˺ö⣬Ѭ֮Ӳ
ȻεĽӴѾٵһСƫáµĶûʲôϡѰģƽϰչʱϲʲ
һӵĳʳС¶һȴֻϲı顣һûӣҲûƲ²ҪȫûԼСݡ
֪һģĸмԼգСѾͷŲ֪ҪϹĥʲôء
֮ǰСֿǸλ˼̣ûסóרŷҪ
Ȼϵëʣд֣
ٳ֮ǰֶŹӿ˰죬վûпסԼ֣ɵ﹩ĵģˮȫŵԼĴ
СűԼ˷źãֻ˼ʱµĹӳ˿ռ䡣
˲עʱ򣬸Сһ
һԺ洫ĺɩӣɩڼ𣿡
֪Ӧ԰лϵĿ͹ˡ
æӦӭ˳ȥ
ֻڴԺŵ˲䣬һ¡
СôҲû뵽ǣĲֻһˣ󻹸
һڻϺһģǸ
һҲйһ֮Ե
ǸڻվǴŮ¡ֻۡ


38 
, ֻ¶һЦǰҪĸ첲С˲, ܿˡ
΢¶˼, ɻЦ˵ɩӣܲǵˣֻ, ָ, ֮ǰڻվġ
С˵ͷʲô𣿡
䵭
ֻ۷·ȫһ, ȻЦָָվһߵĵĽͣǴCʡƳϡ
ô˵, С˵ͷû˵֮ǰʶģҲûнĻ׷ʡ
Ǿôվſһ˿ûǽȥ˼
ֻϵЦеҲסˡ
Ц, Ҳ
˵ͻ϶ǼҴȴƳšʳ, СսʿҲ͹ƳǿƼɲ, Ļʳ׼, ﻹϸ, һܳ͡Զ٣ʱҲһ¼
⻰Ȼȥɫ, ɻﻰ˼ȴˣԴ˼ʩ˼
վһߵŶ¶һı顣
С
ûֻۣתͷ೤, ˭, ôϸ˼ҼˣҼſ, Ͻȥһ첡ˣٴ˭ҧ˭
˵Ҫתš
㣡ֻ۶ʱɫɷס
ôҲһ֦ﶼǱ˴Ķȴһũ帾Ů˷蹷
ʲôʱܹ
˶Ҫˣ
ǰһҪСۣȴ֮ǰ쵼ƣվһ߲һס
ֻֽ۳һߣȻٵץסԺţʹСضûء
ǿһЦ˵Сͬ־ˣ֮ǰһ𳵵ģҲ֪Ҿ͵ͻҴȻҲø
ȻũСϱûʲôøУֲɵ
֮ǰڻȻûгԹķɿ̬ȣ϶ѳԡ
˵ˣͻϵĻʳ׼ֿƼɲ֪Ҫ߶١
Ṵ̊۵㣬ҲȱԼ죬϶ȴʳõĻʳá
ȻøŹ
ץŹزˣСˡ
Ȼȥһ˳ܣֻܼ೤ҵʣʲôʱӪ涨˻üӴˣ
ͻҼҳԷΪҰǵˡѵΪ⣬Ժ˭˭ͶҼҳԣ
ҼʲôӪʳãǴ°İ﹤ҷ˶ٹǮ
СѾˣƽʱԶһܺӣʲôʱôĻ
ʱúˡ
æϿŵʳίĳֱ֣ɩӲģû·ϣ˼ͷҪʲôҲ֪
˵ֻ꣬æתͷָֻۣ£Ӫй涨ԱҪȥӪǼǣûǼǵĲתλͬ־Ϲܣþŵץס
˵ţϵʳҲˣ־ȥקŵȸȥӪɣʲôº쵼˵
˵߽˸ˡ
Сûȥʰſڵʳֱӹš
ΪôܾӦûе㷴ӦҲӦûʵʲôɽ°ʱ䣬һҲûл
Ǹ߳罫ʳ˹Ȼ󻹸ŵĻ˵ǽǶҪӰ࣬׼ŷĸø߳ȥ
⽻ҪֱųԵġ
Ҫҹ׼ˡ
ǡýӣɴֱˮ˵˺ͻ֮˻ָͣװһݲˡ
Ȼ˵Ҫ׼ģɺߵʪʪġ
С룬˸ѵװůˮø߳һ˹ȥ
žǼС֪ڶȴǱѵġ
оԼʱСһڿ֮еš
̴Ӵôˣʲôˣ
˵һ˯ŵʱңһСһ뷨ûУӾһͷ϶ˣ
ܾ˵ӣ¶һǸȻı顣
ˣ±£ûʲô¡
˵ţʶĿһԱ߻ں˯Ķ椣ŵҾһҪȥѵһӣھ͵ߣҪµײܻ
ţµ׻Ǿ˵Ҫ߲һ£
СԺȫûˣһӾˡ
ȥĶȥʲôôߵôͻȻֱ¶йأʱֿʼġ
ôࡣ
ŵЦ
ͷ΢ЦŽͣб˵֮Ǻ£ġ
컹û͸ɾ΢Ĺ£СȻܹ˵۾·ǹ⡣
˷ܺϲãѹѹƲסġ
ĶҲŷһ㡣
˵ͷУȥɣעⰲȫ
˵žҪȥԵġ
áһסϾҪˡ
˵Ǹոһ㣬ֲ˾䣺ǸƳ㲻ôҶźˣʳóԡͻǱߣ㻹ðҶչ˵λ˶ǹҵĴ󹦳۵չ˺ˡ
Сٴε˵ͷ
źȻ̾˿˸ͷϲ˲䣺С㲻֪ж࿪ģûа취˵֮Ǻúõڼҵһչ˺Լ
˵꣬ʹСͷһڣת󲽵ĳſȥ
˵ıӰСҲȾǷ˷ܣҲҲû˰˯⡣
𴲳ȥתһȦŷѹ˲𴲣Ȼֻ࣬𴲺Ŷû졣
ʵ¿ɸɣֻֻص˴ϡ
ԭſһһû뵽ǣһλ˯˹ȥ
˯ˣһΡ
˵ΣʵʶҲһֱѵġ֪˿Լڵԭļ䣬Щ涼¡
УһȺ˴ϼҵķվԺмָı˵һѵĻ
ûȴܹоԭж־塣
ţЩŹ߿ʼҴܿ죬Ŵ̨ΰȫˡǰԺضڳӡ
֮⣬ǻڵ˺ԺѾûˮĿݾҲûŹǷһѻ
ԭҵֿڱЩ˴һֻܴ֮Ŵ󱦺Ͷ椶СݵĽ죬޶ҿ޳
ЩһֱǰػصĻΡ
СһӾͱˡ
ڴڵĴѡ
Сڴ˺óʱ䣬ʵ벻ͨΪʲôôһΣ
Ļ棬ʵڸϵʱģģҲֻڵݣѾܾúܾûǹˡ
Сֲ˲ͷų亹ٴ˴
·ͷȻһ֣ȻԼΪʲôεЩ
ղ˸ʱ˵µ׻
ûŪĻռ䣬µµЩ˾ӦҵլҪˣ
뵽亹˳СĶǹ
ȻһЩ»ûзԭʱ־֣˵ĸоʵڸͬܡ
Ҳͬһ飡
ǴΪԭʱ̫ˣµҼס龰
ﻹڻЩ˵ĻһֱûģС޴֪˵Щʲô
ô¶Ѱʲô
֪ЩûȥѰĽ֮
˺ܾãСȴ򵥵ĵط
óֽʣʼдš
λ˵ĺãֽＸߵһ顣Ȼ˵߸ϺץһЩ㻹бǣڶѾɹɣ׼ǼĹȥһЩ
ӵдһ˼ǻϲĻ
ֱŵĩβŹ˵ߵʱæûԼǸϷҪô
ʱ䳤ˣ־˲ӵĽԽ˽⵽һжҪ֯£Ҫԡ
ǷѽӣŮ֪ࡣ
˵Ѿ˼˺ܾõ£Ѿĺˣ˭ҲȰ
˵˼ڴкôģֻ
鷳ЭԼеǷŽ֧飬¾ɡ
һ֧Ҳдͬ˼ôʸӵֺר
ԼҪ֯£˼
˵ҪЭӽѵΪʾġ
ر˵һ㣬Ըʹǩ跿Լʮ֤꣬䲻չһǮɴȫʹá
ΨһҪ︺ӵݺάסκԱѷŪ
黹ʱҪ֤һģһܹʱס
һ㻹֧æ֤
ϾլĸģҪջصġ
д꣬Ŀһ飬Сȥŵĳһŷ⣬װ˽ȥ
׼ٶҿԽһ˳ǣź͸ɻһߡ
ʱܹ뵽ģЧֹռٻǷӵΨһ;ˡ
һСʲôСסţͷӽɴӴܣס֧Ԯũ彨裬ɸ֪࣬˭˭زҲ֪
Ӻǩ˽Ӧչ˷ӣôҪƻǵһѵİɣ
ٲãΪ˲֪ٴûطסҲЩ˰ѷڵĵǿӣ
ٲһֳôĶڴȴʼûһˣְæȰһ䡣
£Сɿ࣬ҲѾ
æʰϴһȥԺժ³ɵӣͿʼ緹ˡ
һӵʱ˳Ϲϣһ˽ȥ
Ȼ󽫰ײ˺ʹǸŸϺĺһ˿衣
ֵһЩ֭õϡ
Щ¶˵鷳ɶС˵Ѿᳵ·ȻΪдŵһЩʱ䣬еĶʵҲֻ˰СʱĹ
ͻϴһƣɫϹʱѾæ꣬˶ԺСϰںˡ
ͷһϣλ˼Ӱ˰ޣæʱһжˡֱ˯ѣźȻȥ˵ģµ¶
ʱͲ
رô˵һţҲǴȥڵġ
С᲻ˡ
緹һ·ϣﶼܲþ
û뵽ǣһſľǶ椵Ц
үүϽԷɣһѺóԵģרŸ˼أ
ҲˣҲûʼʱĿǵܹӾӸǰ
º󣬻ſĵġ״ﲻóԣ˵ǵȳ˷ҪǴţ˵һæ˿θ
ﻹ˵ˣСѾͷѧСı飬һһ۵˵ѧʵ˷ӣ׶үүæĶܸһ˾֪ܣ
˵󣬶椺Ŵ۾رݵŶˣ椳ҲҪѧүүѧʵˣͿԼˣ
һ仰˵ԭжۿȵ˶̲סЦ
ϸЦڶ椵Сϸ˸ԼɲУԺ󰡣۶椵һ
ɶóүүǳԹʲôζ
СʱˣҲһö׼СԻһԾǺóԵĶС÷˹⡣
ŷԼʧԡ
ͷͶԲˣ˭һըأ
Լ˵ǸС鷳ǾЦŴҲҶ֡
Сһľ壬ʢ׺ӳ˳
Ůڶϵߣߺ֪ڲʲôɵõһۣϽүүԷ
ô˵æЦŽͣûµģҺͶ졣
˵ŻʶתͷС
һ˼ϵЦȻסˣĿĶСϹŵǸľϡ
ΪһıůСڳæ˰Σȵûд£ֻһѧŴӸĵС¡
µڿ΢е¶˰ذĲӺ͹źľơ
ϵĿľ˺þãԽԽأ˶е㱣Сʱ
Աߵһ²ŷӦ
Ŷллӹ룬ȴûкƽʱһٺСȤ䣬ǾôĬĵͷ
ѵıʵ̫ˣ̲ס࿴ۡ
СҲѰ֪˿϶ǰ˰ޣ񲻼ٺˡ
˷ȫ֮СĶԶ˵ϣȥسһˡôҲûдţȥķţ˳ĵ㶫ؼҡ
ô˵һ緹⣬û뵽ûü˵ͱϡ
СϼˣĸڿɶڣǻһҶǱˣ
ƵѯʣʵСɵһ㶡
һ£ûгȴֻ϶ĿеִţƺǺڵش𣬲ֻǿĻ⡣
ʵЩҲûʲôģСҲû̫⡣
ҡҡͷ˵ҸĸѾȥˣҸղ˵ĵָŵĸĸҵĹš
һ仰˵ĻÿӵֶŶ˶
ǣ趼Cʡ𣿡ٴ׷ʡ
˵գƺСɣֹЦŽһ䣺СģҾ˵е档˵ģһҶCʡˣCʡǿ֪ǶƽԭΧĺӶûУǸ˭ѧһʵı£ȻϺʶôĺ
ôʣСһĨǾɢˣҲ˴𰸵ġ
һûܸɴ˻ش
Ҽϲ˫屾ˡҵڽǰӹȥġǰȻ˫ģСͰ˵ϼҵĹ¡һ˺Щͼҷֱ档ЩʳҲ̸ҵġ


39 
СĻ, ¶һֲı飬ƺʲô벻׵ġ
ֱֻһţ˲ûпúܷ
ȥ·, ̽ʵղųԷʱʲôأôרע
ЦЦ, Ǹܾ컻
һ仰˵ɵı˲ʧӰ١
ΪҲ뻻
Цһ£Ǹ, ˵ҵҵҵò, ҵܲ, ռС˵ʱܵÿ, ʲô
һ˼ҳã˼Ӳ, ˵ҵ, ʵ, ˵Ǽ๤
ԣ
ѸٵĴĻĵһۣˣô˵ôע⣿
϶ʱ¶һȻı顣
ⲻǾ͸˵˵𣿸οΧҲûˡŵСֹ
ǽжϵ
˵˻⣺ˣ˵ˣͷ취ϾҪ½ͧˣҪŲ, ̫ˡ
ô˵ʱϸ磬ǿɾȫָˡҪܰˣǰӷˡ
˵Ķʼ, ıһ, Ҳ̲סЦ
˵Ż, صд, ȻԽԼķ䡣
ֻʣԼһˣжеķ¶ãȻı顣
ղû˵ʵʵӼСϴŵǿľʱʲôҲŲˡ
ȫǸƶǰͣĻΡ
Ƕ̫ϤˣһͬĿ˼ʮꡣ
һֱȥֽĲȡ
ԣʹֻôԶԶĿţҲԲŪСϴŵǸӣӵǿһģһ
ܿ϶ȡͬһľͷ
ӵǿľǽʱҴġ
Ҳʹô飬ʯ׹ʲôãƫƫһľƣ
ľƼȲÿҲʲôֵǮĶľͷǣͨľơ
Ӹ˵ģΪǳǸ֮֡
˵ʱս֮Ŀľƣֵܽһ˷һ˵˴룬һһ첻ѷֿˣҲиϵƾ֤
ڻǵӵ˵ʱЦôÿ
˵̫࣬졣
ǽҵļôĲѣ
ʱǻᣬⲻδѵĿġ
ûжսȫ汬һսôꡣ
˵ңٹжٴļ屻Ƶ÷ֱжټͥɢ
ʱѾȥ˹ѧΪսԭعزˡ
þ˸;ֻӵĴܵܽܺ˳ȥСܣСôӴ֮ҲûϢ
ʮǰӲšȥǰڻľûҵãûоΡ
ԣڽӵҺ֮޷˵ѡ˻ع
ΪЧӦ񣬿ΪԸҲǻϺ׷
ڿǿľƵ˲䣬ȷСǽҵĺˡڽü֮ɻˡ
Ϊǹ˵ļͥͽʵûһ֮
ԭĸ䡭ȫͬ
񣬻ҲܹСûп˵ЩӦöġ
мһﲻԣɵĶ⣿
ϲ֪
ֻƴԼ£һĲ顣
뵽ֱĳȣѶеʪ
꣬Ѿˣ
ҵһ
ɲô˵ҵˣ
ֻҪһҪŪˮʯ

Ϊ˵ԼҪȥسǣȥҳԷͻϣСæ
֪λ˳ԷҲ֪ʲôãʱȽϽڼðˮ󣬾;Բ͵ˡ
¶ϳԲߣ˶Լ͹ȥֻȾС
廨⻹ʣȳһС⣬Ȼ˶׷ϹϺ
ȥԺժ˼˿ϣƤжΣζغĵãȥϴһ֮ǰƺõĺֱװá
ŴŴ󱦺Ͷ椣⻹׷һ˴ҡ
һڣ̣룬ƺƵ˽һ
ôºеЦԷǡ
ôɩӣôҼҳԶٷԴҶ˼ҶϣҶŮӣ
һֵĶС˵
СҲ죬һΪȻĵ˵ͷ
ǰҾǼҹŮ˰СӲùܣأɶǴ󱦶
ǼС椲УأǶˡ
˵ţڶ椵Сһѡ
Ҳ⻰ﵽǸʲô˼ȴ֪˵Լ
æָŵ˵ͷѧ˵ѽǼС椽أǶˣ
Ǳ飬һġ
Աߵ˶̲סŹЦ
Ȼһֱ˵ԹĻȴòСʵִֶ
ȻһһԼæռԼҶƵġ
ɸôģõģ˼һҲ١
˼ЩһǳŰԼҸģ
ǺץСԼ᲻óԣȫ
ڣΪðæٷһôһһ֮һ˰ɣ
⣬Ȼ֪ģţôҲܳԺö죿
һȫˣ
глû࣡
Ծ˼ҿԼСȱˣһǽأ
಻ᣬȴܲ顣
Сû뵽ȥ˵ôһӻȻ˳еĴ⣡
ԭȥ䴶°ĳأӪгڼҡ
ӦûʲôãĻȫԽʹ
˵Сѹûг¶
гûԭﰡ
ȥѧʱͬѧѧһֱлᣬԼҲӵһ
˵Ҫг󱦶û˵ȥӪһ˵
ûжãɴųˡ
ڷȷĻۿһȦ֮󣬲Žӽ
Сʼʱ򣬻еĵںܿˡ
ųȥسǣһΪ˾飬ֱӾȥ˺г
ȻĻе㻹һβͣûȫꡣ
Сǵô֮ǰķûֱӾôӣһƧĵطȽ˿ռ任װ硣
һ˫û֮ǰľ·ִһĴܲñ߽ӡ
Ȼ·ﷴע⡣Ͼ˻϶Լʵʵ
ȫһ±ϳӡ
룬ʲôôóóȻĴӦðһɣ
СʱĿ껹ͻϺ
֮ǰǼһǾǿúʻʳ
ô˵ҲȵȥĶࡣ
Ȼӻв٣޵ġʲôʱǸͷأ
ʱˣȻʳ򲻵Ǹô죿
ʡųԲԿԴ˵ͳ֮ء
תһȦСջ˵൱
ʮ˶ʮΣһȻƽ㡣
Ȼֵ֪طҪ͵òҪע⡣
ôѾ㹻ˡ
ɺڿһ˵ͰװжʮһôĴϺʱȶˣ
ⶫӦòˣһȻˡ
Щ֮ûָóʵ̫ˡ
С룬ֻҧҧӿռóһСƿΪټķۣյ˸ǰ˵
ȻֻǸ¶һ㣬ƿǴˣǽɫģɢŨζҺʱ˴һ
ۣĶģ
˵꣬ҲʶԼʻףæȣƿȫҪˡЩϺ㣬Ҽﻹбģȥá
ϤģԴ۵Сһ¡
֮ǰһֱڵϵͷûע⡣
һ˵Ͼ֮ǰ׵Сա
ͬʱ֮СҲ͸αװϳ
С㣿
ɵĽһȻ¶һЦ
С㣬ѽһؼңҼﻹкöأ
˵ţҲС˵ǵץסԼҵķ
СȻе˼ɣʵ̫ЩϺˣҲֻܸһȥ
οΪñȽ磬Сռһвٴ
Ϻóʮ㣬кôĺء
㣬ԺҪֱңұ֤ĻֱֺáҲתˣϺҵڶң
С䲻ͯȴƫƫƴװһļƣȥΥ͡
˲ɵü˼ַ
Сûסӿڴóһ档
Сû˵ĻȻֹ
ʱȻͬʱһ
˭ѽ
Сմʵ
ң壬ţ洫һָ
Сɫһ䣬ɷ˵Сļ򣺡㣬ȥһ£ɷˡ
ȻֱӰͺʶƵ档
ܿ죬洫˿ŵȻǸֵ
ĥô죬ɶأ
ܸɶ¡
ƭ˭ΪҲ֪˵ҦΰǵͶѵ£С֣˵㣬¸ɲץסˣҪԴģ
ɶԴͿԴˣɱ˵Ҿڲû˵Դġ壬ûʲôͻذɣæأ
Ұϴθ˵զˣûõĻưûˡÿȥſһһ͸һëǮһëǮһˣ㵽ȥȥ˼ҵȻػأ
ȥҪȥȥ
Сզ˵أզô֪ôҪǿҸ̶ĺһֵ㣿
ɱֵҰɣ£զҵĴֶȥ
СҦˣôԶСܸоŭ⡣
ɶûȥſڶţ˼ÿˣٳжˣûͷ㵱ĸֶҵĻΪɵȥأأɱͷ£
ޣ˵˵ɶ˾أˣһСҿɲ˵ǮǮ
ǮҲ壬㻹ûˣ˵ȥίȥ
ң
ٲҾ͸ң

ִܿСҦ졣
ʱСѾղ˵Ļͨ
أ
ѾھӪСѾǵʲôҲ֪ʱˣȻ֪µԡ
ǸСҦ˵ĶģͱӪ㱨
㣬˰ɣҸ˵£Ǹһ죬˵úܣȥҵġģܰȫ
СҦҵûȥˣһȥĵط¡СٵĴĻ
СҦһ˿źɻǵ˵ͷУȥ
һΣСȻԼͶ͵ϴǸƧĵط뿪ѸٰѶռ䣬ȻųӾȥʾ֡
ѳ÷ɿ죬Ĺ֮һҲûųصӪ
Ӫʱ򣬼Щ緹ûꡣ
磬е£һ¡
߽ңûü˴кͶŷͬһЦ˵
Сһ㶣ɻǺܿĿӣһ߳˳
վԺСһûĻԭԭ˵һ顣
֮ǰ෴ģ²ܺ˵ĻҲ˲ˡ
տʼ˵СȻұ͵͵ܺУˡ
ŬرܣΪ긺սʿ˼빤Ľ̵ԱôԼϱӰӣ
ȻһСѾͷ֪еųĶ
õֵܽⲻ֪ߵغСѾͷʱСĻȴһ
ȷû̱Ĺ⡣
ȷ磬˵Щ˻᲻֮ǰըһģ
·ϵʱСһֱˣԽԽԡ
Ĳ˵ȥӪûнͷɶ˼
ͻϣ
뵽СԼȾʹ˸ս
˵Ҳ֪ԡ
С˽ˣȻɲΪô򵥡
Ѿȷõ½ͧȨžȥμͧϽѵȥˡ
ʱ£Զһ棬ҪЩ˺ܿǳ½ͧģ
Сһˣ˴ˣ
뵽⣬ζĿһۡ
ҲˣϸСҦҵϸַ󣬶һ䡰⼸Ӫ˭ţ
ݺͼкûгɿĳӪķȥ
СԼ˳һȦ˶һĿھ嵽˵ʲôŵû˵ϳˣ
Сڽ㱨ˣһ·Ҳܷһˡ
ֱʱŸоԼȽŶģ󱳵·ȫˮʪ۵һ·Ҫ߲ˡ
Ҳ˲ȥ˵Ŀ⣬˵ڴ֮ǰĵץһˮ˹˾һࡣ
˺óһʱ䣬ڿ˵˵ˣЩû֪ͨЩκһܳӪһ
ڱģûɣȻǲҶ˵һ֡


40 
嵱ϲûл, һȥǺЩ졣
ȻӪ濴ȥûʲôͬе˶֪Ѿսʱˡ
֮ǰ, ڱѲߣֻӪӪΧ, ÿһֻɳһСֶӡڼԺҲѲߵķΧ, ҲѲߵսʿҲǰˡ
ÿ죬ͻȻСԷ, Ҳֻÿ߱ضСսʿͬ뿪ʱҲù̶, ʱ, սʿԼԺſڵȺ
Ϣ䣬ΧѾý
Сڻżȥʳá
ΪѲֽ, мĴԱʱȥѲ, ʳõսʿҲá
ȥϺʵû, Ҫ֤ʿǵӪֻ֮ǰɹɴЩϴ⡣
ǾָֻСһЩôܹЩƷɻóԵİ취
ȥĴˣһȥҲһЩϢ
˵壬ӪҲһŵսʿȥسǣ˵ȥЭعһ˿ŲĹ
Ӫֻһ̵Աؼҡ
˵ֵúܴ, ˣʦҲˡ
һѣСҲֲЩ棬ЩǼ١
ֻ˵ܵ, Ϊֵ, ûиһвʲôʧ, Ͱ˺öࡣ
ӴŹһ, ϣѾ˿ʱ䣬ͻȴһֱû
Се㵣ˡ
վԺſһֱС·ţλǳʲô¡
Ϊսʱ䣬סд˲ÿȥʵô¶ûа취
һֱ˶ˣСΣֻȳԣԼܵ˴ȥ
Ҳһͷˮȫ֪ʲô¡
𼱣ҲģǾסӪʲôµġ˵䲻Ҫʲô˵ˡ
ôҲû뵽ǣ仰ո˵꣬Ŷ
ûи˵ȿСʵզҸղźҡ
Դ㱨Сһμ壬˼ҶûأԼȥȥˡ
ǻʲô£϶λйأ
Сʱ
磬Ҿɩ֪֪ǳʲôˣôûԷǲ֪ôˣ
Сı飬֪϶ˣæ˰֣ģû¡ǾǱתˡ
תƣ
Сʹ༸ͬʵ
˵С඼ˣô£ɶˣզȻͽתˣ
Ҳ̸ϺȻϵ⣬ԭص㱣ǵ֮Ӫǳڰȫǡ
ڱǱߵİӻûƣֳ£ȻѾˡǿ϶Ҫߵģû뵽ô͵
˵ֿ꣬СҸϻͶߵġһת棬˵ܸлʱǵչˣϣԺܹ˵סͻдţҲϣʱܹյĻš
˵̲סЦҡҡͷ˸̾
Ǵˡҿ˶㣬ϲ˵Ҳǿ㵱Сˡ
ΪûܹԸ㶼֪źһ·뱧ԹûԹ϶Ƿǳõġ
㶼֪һ·ϣöûأ
ʵźֺγֻλأ
СҲû뵽Լ˰ȻһϢ
ܹһ֪ôҲøٶһóԵġ
Ҳᱻ׼һ
һ㶼ϲԻϵķˣƢθҪԵ͵ġȥ·Ҳ֪Ҫ߼죬θٸŪˡ
û˵üȴ˼ֳӿԼĲ֪ڱٲȻҲһΪ˵ĵģ
ССҦϾСҦǷ
ȥҲǺӼΪ㡣
֮ǰһֱû취ʣҲһֱΪСҦģΪٸӴȥʲô鷳
˵Сŵʿ
ССҦ̾˿
֮ǰһκѲʱΪ˱䵥洬԰˺ǹûȵ͵ҽԺˣǹ¶ĸЩһֱֻĸΪ
ô˵СȻӦκСҦףǺҪʵһֱӪƷ
ۡòʱֱӾͱһڷˡ
뵽Ȼ
ĸǲ岻ãʶʵ
ô֪֡
СͲ˵һӾ˹
ӵĿһۣ˵ͷǰ˵ҦСҲͦ׵ġʪأ⼸˵ˣѾ²˴ˡ
ȥǵ㸧迴½½ˡȫҾͿһ15Ǯʿ
Ǯ迴ԡ
˵ֿСһۣԺ󲻻˰Ѿ㱨ٱйȴҲѾ¶ԭܻܿΣա
Ӧذ죬ĸ°סҰѰҺʵĹ֤ԺԣҦֲֳˣǵطҲȥ
˵꣬ĽŮȫһ顣
̵ԱһͨСɵûҷ˵̸꣬˴ǡ
صңźȻʱ䱻¶ģѾþûȥŷˡ
ϴδСҦﻻϺͺأҲûü͹ȥ
ʹ󱦽һ˵ԼҪɣãû±ȥţС͹ţֱӽ˹ķ䡣
ЩȥˣĴϺƤͰ͵ŽʱһģһͰˮûһ㡣
ڷġ
ϺСû׼ȫ
СҦǸסˣԺƶҲлȥһԼԡ
Ҳһ
ⶫʷʺʰǿǱȺ⻹óԵĶ
ػ֮ǰŽȥӣЩνˣ߶ǣûˣʱȥҲˡ

ΪķӶŽȥỵСǰֿˡ
ֻҪҪԵĶ϶
Ϊˣ֮ǰĴˣĿռ˲һ
˿ڵϣңĥҪʲô
С˹Ŷȴ֪ǣѾͷ֪˶١
ŷСӣѾͷֻžȿѵܹܹܵٴξˮ֮С
ԴϴСӸϺΪһϺ棬ڹǳһͷ
˵ҲɣϺȥĵ죬ɻȥ﹬Ȼһˡ
˵ֻһھ͵ᣬ˵ĿζһģһԴӽܶûгԹôʵϺˡ
˵ûҲ˸飬Ȼȫŷһȵ⻹㣬Ϻ͹ﻹרֶ˷͡
¶϶÷ɿ죬ûһʹʹˣùϺϳ˶úóԡ
֮һӣÿеͷĹǶ޲ðϺһ飡
Ⱦ뵽ˣڸʱĴ˵һ飬ٺô
ǹµҲܰµģȻĻݵ档
ԲԼ룬Ҳ˵˻
ѡһȽʽĳ£˵ϺⶫʵڲңñΪŷ¶ǹȥˡ
ԭΪ¶ôȥˣǰӹҹ˵ЩӴӵٳҪ죬ڻǱּģŷԲܹϢ
˵ŷеʦÿһֲˣʱȫȥҪƷ
ӦΪйĻȣû˵ɻﻰ˼ȴڰʾǱе棬ҲС
ܳԵϺ棬ӵֻܱǺãܱǲ
п಻
ǲ𣬴ǲ𰡣
Ȼû̫ӣɴӼǳǵգ׵̫Ӳ֮ѡ
˶֪֮Իûв޷Ǿڵ
ˣмԴҲ˼
ϺѾֺ꣬þûˣָ֪Ҫôϵ
ôأ
ȿѵӴˣܲ·һˣһЩϺɣŮͷˡ̰ᣬʵǴһزùҸ˲ʲôҲϿŷӴ˴ȴ󱯣ˡֻҪǶȹϹأȥ㣬ƣ֤𲻶ϡӴˣаУŮͷˡ
ȻһĿͷ
СոߵСſڣþһλ
ʱѡ
һʱСһæԱ߱˱ܣ
û뵽Ȼ鷳
ǻ˼鷳Ժ󻹲ϡ
ڣԺܹԻ׻·ӽЩ鷳鷳

ϺԸ⡰տͷС㳤ơո㡱֮ģĴɲ˰
أһ㶼ϣ˵ھ
һԼеͰĬֶֻϺȻĵĻһ裬˹
ЩСѾܱ֤ᱻ֣ȴûҸŽȥ
֮ǰûԹС֪ѾͷܲܿԼܹԼµġ
С
ð
ûжźͰֱӷңﷴֻʣһͷ
һһǵȥѾͷ׾˸ͷģ
֮ӹûƽ˳
ȻһֱûлΪ⣬ձдš
ͨ죬СǶһǰ
֪õ½ͧԺȨȻųҲȷʵŵһ㣬ȷӪΪ˵һϽ
Ȼ˵һ
ʱǣѾ˸ǰѵʼԺ
ֻ½ͧͣλûڻܣϽԱ嶼֪Ķ
ʲôʱãû֪
϶Ҫкܳһʱ䡣
ƴΪЧֻҪ֪ƽްСȻûʲô
ο֪֮»Ǹϲġ
ֳĻϲ˷ܵСǵ
ԣκϴȥͬ뿪ʱȻܳܵ˵һֱƽͰʵġ
û֮ǰĲ
ӾôһȥԽԽˡ
ůܹ񵽵ĶƷҲԽԽˡ
ӣżҲܼһЩС㡣ЩãҲʱʱĴ
С֪ĻҪץסһʱ䣬춼ȥ߸Ϻ
һ죬һ˶š
û뵽ûгԺţͱѲߵڱסˡ
ɩӣԲ𣬽㲻ܳȥڱ¶һܱǸı顣
СҲûе¡
Դӳأ¼ڼԺѲѾΪڱÿյĹ춼
ΪҪǿˡ
Ǻƽĵ˵ͷҪǻȥ
ֻ֮ǰźһ䣺ַʲôˣôֶܳˣ
ĻСڱһӱƮȻе㲻ӡ
Сٿ˵㲻һ
ôˣٴ׷ʵ
ڱɤӣŵ˵ûжóš㡭̵ԱרŽš
ڱһʱС˵ˡ

Ƿʲôˣ
ƾʲôĽգ
ʱжûȥ
뵽Сеתȥ
ûߵңͿ༱ĳ˹
ʱС벻ô࣬Ҳ֪ɩ϶ǷͺӶڼңŸ׷Լأ
ô˵Ҳ֪Լŵˣ
뵽Се㲻ġ
Ŵӭ˹ȥ
ɩӣΪʲôҳţСҲû䣬˴ֱʵ
СǽĵѵģԲۣ뵽ʲôֱˡ
ûߣһҲشСק
Һ󣬽Ӵ򷢳ȥ棬̾˿
С磬Ҳ˿Ʋסȥʲô취
˵֣֮˭ҲġѾˣҲܣ¶ҲûƲǣ
Сɽֵһ˵ԽԽԺʵ̲סɩӣ˵ɶǷʲôΪʲôҪ
˵뵽ղڱʱеЦԷǡ
ɩӣרڱңòΪһҪȥӪµĵزɣôµ𣿡
ôʣȻû뵽Ȼ᲻֪
һ²̽ԵʵС㲻֪С˸˴ֱ£
ɶֱֱʲô
ɩӵı飬С֪˵϶ǲõ¶
ֱǸʲô
ڼŬķһͨҲûҵκصϢ
⸱ӣıҲøӵĺܡ
֪ο¶ڿɿƷΧھ̾Ȼ˵δ
ǰ˱̫˰
뵽ֶһЩ
Сô֪࣬Ͳ֪ɡѾˣҲﲻʲôæ
£Ѿȥˣ︱ӪҲڣһִ󣬿϶취ѹȥġ
զ˵СҲһӪ֮ȷӪ棬϶


41 
Ų, ų칫ңһųɱ͵Ķ档
ţұø㱨ˡʵ֮ǰѾ, Ҹѹȥˡڣ˰ѴֱӪſڣٲ˵, һŲ˼׼ûС
ɱ̧ͷ, ŵֽžһģ
⣿
ָֽݼ˷, ڼԼ񣬻м̰ۿԡ֯һ²ƲԴ
ⲻǺ˵
żƶũ, ʲôƲ˵Ǿ¸ɲ, ܲմǮҲ̰ۣĶ̰ۣ
ô˵, ҲΪȻ
֮ǰյŶʱ򶼵޻̸֮û¡Ͼٵ, ޷˵żҳԵĺãˮ󡣿Ӫ֪
żҴ˼һʳ׼Ƕء˼ôʳҪˮ, ǲ̰ۣǲ˵˼ҶϵĶ

һĲͷӰбûû׵, ȥԽԽһ۾ܿȡ֣
Խ˵Խﻹ޺޵ץסĸ¶, ץס˿ôʰ
ԽԽ
ô˵һε̫Ѩ
֪Ľ
ǰ, Ҳ, ˵ҳˣԼӪ￪ᣬаûγ֮ǰе˾ݺݵķɱһӰˣ
ơ
Ĭһ£¿һ´ǣּ˵ų²ִ󣬱ѹ
ڽϣҲ֪Ͻ˶ǾѹصģҵҪҲǳߡ
һ£ܴСһ£ٰŸ
Ļû˵ɳﻹǿһ¡
Ϊһ¸ɲܶʱ߰ѿأĴĦȷ滹ûɲжȸߡ
ô˸˵Сһܵ칫ͼ
Ҳɫ
ʲô
ҵǸдЩŻֱˣ
ŵüëĿꣿ
Сϴ˼ֱģָֻ֯¡
е㲻ԼĶ䣬ֻ̫˼ˡ
֤¿ɲ˵ǻǸСء˵
ûõ֤Ҳˡ
˵ִӰóһֽһ˵ӪһսʿдġǴֱģ˵ֻṩġֻеԶ׹ϵ
˵ֺ꣬ͳ˵ֻ֮ǰףԼֻۻڼſСͻ¡
ҵķֱָĿĲţӦǿϱ뱨ؼҵĿԸһ㡣
ˣһӸɲôأĻ㱨ûðɣ
ʲôʱ򣿾ȻΪƻǵսƻ
ҪΪ±̰ˣھͰ
ˣҲˣϽһס
Ҳ˲¼ϵˣְֱѳŸ˻ȥ
ų侲㣡Ҫô򵥣ҲԼ֤أвŻһСƨһ
ʲôʱڵķʲô
ֻҪһӴĶ׵Ķ
һǼƹˤǽˣʹͱ
ȫ֪ǼٵģҲĻᱻϻˣ
ȫôಿӣôͧˡѡѡȥѡʮ
Ľж˫۾š
ʱֻҪһ⣬û˹Ǽ٣һؼҵȴٷǻǲˡ
ŲֵܣȷӪһ졣ڹ˽嶼һĺ֢
뷨ǣ
侲Ҳû̬ȵĲʵ
̸ɡ
˵ֿһۣҡøź̸ӦùϵŵľǸżɩӡ
ԹΪٲҲšӦҲˣһж˵

ͳ취ʱ򣬴ҲڽͬĻ˸С
һ֪ɸ
˵֮Ȱû£أ϶а취˵ˣⶼӰ̸֮ٵôҲ䲻ġ
İɣСˣ϶ⱨӦģ㲻ȥøɶɶǱܡ
˵ˣʱֵԽ˼ҲԽЩ
С˵ͷ
ʵﲢûдôֹۡ
˵ⶼǲ׽Ӱ²飬֪ǼҾ顣
Ȼ֪ﵽǸʲô֮ǰЩһ鷳
ʱ򣬿ĻӰŵǰ;
Сܽǣһ㶼ұ¶
Ȼм䣬ԭûоھЩ£ȫûκΰ
֪ôǺʵģǶĹ͢ҡ
ԽʱԽҪ侲Ҫ䡣
ﲻæͲҪҡ
ȻҲôģ˵ѾѹȥˣҪȥ̫ͺá
ȻСȻ̤ʵɻǵͷӦˡ
֮ӣȻ˵һ㻹ƽ˾ȴôҲ̤ʵܾƽ£ƺʲôӿ
Ȼû죬յ˫š
Ųǹдˣ֧СӣҲǵȥվСĶдġ
֧˵˷ӵ¶
˵ӺܸлһΪ뷨˵˶Ĵæȫӵ˶ܸл
˵ѾҪʹǩ˽ŰĹˡ
ŵĩβ֧רһ£˵ȫضڸ˿ڵ飬رĸ
˵ҪϲÿһʲôҪκ
ΪС⣬ĸȥˣ˾ķҲ֪סš
û˽
֧˵⼸һһ£¶ˣһ¿ھ˵ұǴϻġʲô˿һ˵
ϾԴйף ﶼѾȥҵʣҲܹ˵Լϼʲô
֧ǧҪиҺ˵
ر˵βȷʵرϣȻһعˣЩ˺пܻӷ麯ҲܺͲӵǰкԷһ
ţСµ亹ʪ˺󱳡
룬Լûľûнӽӣôڻʲôľ
ǷţСΪѡ
֧˵ȥͲӵǰккҪô
֪ʲôܣ
һޱˡ
һʱҲزǵ
֮£ֻٴȥ˴ңΨһҵҲֻˡ
һҴţ͸оޱȵء
һ˵ͻϱˣ
ʲôСͷ˵һ£ŵŶΪ̫𾪶˵ϡ


42 
ż, ʶԼʧԡ
ʵҲ̫ˡ
Ͼ֪ͻ˿ʼͱΧ˹̫硰֮רҡ, úñĴڶ, ҲǼأ־ηġ
ڣȻˣ
˷ת, ôԼ۶, ڿСʱ̫, ȽϢ˵˳
ɿСı, 뵽Сλ˵ĹϵɱжˡԼ֪ϢҲֻ£Ӧûе°ɣ
С, Ѿȥ￪ˣʲô, Ӧòʲô¡˵ˣʲôҲûϵһ֪ʲô
˵ҲҪǶҴ, Ӫﰲŵģ˵ǲǣ治õ, Լ̸ҲҲͷϡ
ԽȰСԽ, ҲԽожء
Ӵôʱ, ڴҲ˽ġɩȻԸ, ɲһˡ
ꤻ˵һһ飬˵Ϊ˿οԼʵСܹоӦҲ̫ţЩ˵Լ
ӣСѾصԼˡ
£νȥ￪ᣬʵǴɩӿеǸʲôԼ̸ɣ
ɽ¥
浽ʱСˡ
֮ǰţ£Ϊܻĸı䱧һЩϣ
ۿѾԼ޷ĵزʲôأ
СۣסһĿɬ
ľǹ¹֮
һһ
ԭΪү¸ᣬԸƽƽ˳˳һӵģڿˡ
ȻǾͲҪٻ˰ɡ
⼸СҲûţѾͥɷֲãҪôܲ۱ˡ
˵ֻҪдһϾ޹ϵͿˡ
ſ϶ǲдģһСΪˣŸǸˡ
һ򲻲пռ䣬Сž뿪ߵĶҲ
ֻǡҲмˡ
뵽ӿһȣȴƽ
һֱ˵ڼˡֻԼһСˣĽ
úˣСʵڲ˵Ŀģվ׼ǡ
վ뿪Ļû˵ڣһƣ˽
Ӧû뵽Сһ£Ȼ¶һЦ
Сɩˣ
ȻЦţЦȴβסƣ
࿴ȥһϽҲСˣʵ˵ɶˣɶզ£
忴һۣ̾Щ¶СҲ֪ˡ
Ҳ˵ϱʲôҲסģҲûɶܵ塣
ʱֻǾ˵Ŀǰϲ麣ϵһͻϲʺϴҪλͰǵˡǰĹҲ֪ڹܿҲΪܡ
ô˵̾Ͳˣſھ˵ͻкϵǲƨ
˭֪˶ӦҺ٣˹źع׵ģ
˼ұǴӹģ˵˼кϵ˸ɵ£զĻ˵ˣ
򴽣ûнǻȴҲûֹˡ
ȻЩҲû˵ġ
ôһСĸˡΪ壬棬ȻҪһ֧ᵽĵ麯¶
СĻɫӲÿˡ
죬ȴһ̾СȷŷŰɡǸ麯ҲǴӸɲһ뷨ҲЩĻᷢ淢˵ɡ
ȻСۣʱҲ˲õ˵ˣСһ˹ȥ
ô˵ģС¶㻹ôģʲôȣܰ͸£
ϱĻʱһԭĻҲѹסˡ
һУʱεضҪ侲̵ԱҲǺ͵һӣŴ㺰ʲô±С¶ôܲģɶ¶⿿ʲôã
ѵü𣬱˵Сˣ඼ŵò֨ˡ
Ͼƽ
СǸ˵Сѣʵʱϵ̫ˡˡ
ˣ˭һͷˮ
ͣС˵Ǹ֮ǰſڳܵǸ
һô˵֪̾ˣʱúõCʡ£ɶֲǾˣǵָС¶ɶϵ
ʵĻҲСʵģͬһɻĿ塣
ܿأȻҲòʲôˡҲ֪ôӪģŪظίελá
˵ˣǺڵıġ
˵ίӪûʲôϵС£ǵþ֮֡ǲţ˽ʽСղ˵Ǹ鲢ֻϼңȫΧġ
ҲΪڹڵļʵ̫񣬹Ҳȡһʩ
ĿɸطίḺġС£һϼǱߵĸίᷢظίᣬ˵ҪĶȻ߸ίŲ˽ӴȻһ˲飬дתϼǱߡ
˵ͣһ£۾һĨζı顣
ƺеŭҲеΣӲһż˵ǸֻۣǶ֪ǸڵˣĿǰ͸͸ίǢְ
Ļû˵
ʵҲ˵ڳ˶ζʲô
˶ǱС͸˵ģû»أ˵»͵˿֤
ҪǲǱΪֳʲô˹ˡ
һ̣Сʧˡ
Ӧ󿴿˵ʹǼҳ
صңһȥ˺ջ˲ٶ󣬲˺óԵģó֮ǰƻһ˸һ
Ҫ֪ǰΪɣгСƬһ˸һƬġ
극Сһȥ˯ó֮ǰû߻İѸ󱦵Ĺ룬С鲻ɽˮ黨Сͷ
ú󣬽Сһô󱦴ȥԺĲ˵ժ˻ƹϺ³ɵ۲ˣóŵİצ㣬ֳûע⣬ȥ˺ôһ⣬ǽ˺þõĽӡ
һͷԵӾϲһƵĴ󱦶ŵڵôҲվˡ
椸СĻĺ󣺡ԣ컹ԡ
СקקǱ裬һĵ˵ͷָ̨ŵǻʣµһ̣Ц˵ãø˸Ƕ椳ԡ
ӱϾСȫȻ۵⣬˵ڹꡣ
ϣСûôԼ˯һ䣬ס˫һ㣬˯һŴϡ
󱦿ˣܹºһ˯е㲻˼ܹԸоõĵúܡ
Сһֱ˵ġ
£СһǶ˯֮С˹ķ䡣
һ飬ͣѬݲˣзЩܷŵĳʳȫ˳
߽סǼӣ֮ǰ׼õһֽ˽
׼õĶŴ˺þõĳþơ
ֱӷ϶ҪϲˣŽƵ˴档
Щ֮ƽʱõǰ£򿪳óһֽһ֧ʡ
֮ǰĸʽڵһемдˡϵ顷⼸֡
Լдµ֣С˻֪۾ֿʼе㷢ᡣ
һ֮˦˦ԴļдңСԸɷϵ
ɾոдһֵʱȴȻԺűƿ
һ
ŵˣ˭ļǵԼ֮ǰԺˡ
Īǡ
СĿʼѣץסдһĶҵһʹҴҵ˳ȥ
ûܵſڣͱ߽ײ˸š
˿̵ŴžװϵĿѾ⿪š߸ﻹ֮ǰߵǸ
һ糾ͣ˺Զ·ӡ
ôˣ
Сһ˲ֱԼΣ޷ţڻʹ۾
Է˽Ųŵ˵ţҲû뵽һؼҾῴô˾ϲһĻ
ϱȻ˯ķ˳
ĳ棬ʵ̫泩ˣ
ģҲ֪뵽ʲôӵ˹ȥ˸
ҲشĻǳ¶һЦ
ϱ˯ݣôģ˯žˣ
һ˵һ߰ͷСͷԼԲĳԳЦ
Ų֪˶Զ·϶Ǻװĺ󱳶ˮʪˡ
ǰС϶ĵһʱͻȥϴ裬Ѿȫоˡ
ͻȻð˸׾ˣڱ˺ܾҲûһ˼
ʶ߬ŵ·Ļ
ѵõźǾȣ̶Ǽˡ
ʱ궯ֻûѪӿͷ˵һ
˷ܵһϱͬСһ㽫߸ߵؾ
ȻʧСһ̲סһ
ɶüѾĿӣ͵һ¶˴ϡ
ͬʱ˶صѹϡ
ϱ˯
ŽͷСĻһ˵
Сһײ˴ϣ̵һ
۵һ
ͻʹ˹ҲĻˡ
־ҪȻ˵仰
ֶʱͣ˰УֻͷƤʼ顣
̶Ҳʼŷ顣
ȻС֪Լ϶Ѿòܿˡ
ҧϵţ
٣ȴִһ˵Ľȥֱܹγˮ
һСͺڼˣ֪ԼȻܹ˵ڵú޲ðԼͷҧ
ŵһԴĻʹز˲䣬·ܰˡ
ɳƣȴ֣ȴӦ
ӦʲôˣСˣʹ
ӦϲˣӦ˯Ӧϱ
Żشطɿ죬һΣ˿ûò˼
˵꣬Сø
һûģСʹӦҰɡ㲻֪ÿ춼㣬϶ˡϱ뱧㣬˯ӦҰ
˵꣬ҲӦͲܲ˵ؽս
һҪǲӦ֡˵
СͣڰУԭ׼ȥקͷվûȥ
˵춼ֺγǣ
Ķˡ
͸ĲӰСĿ˴ĳϡ
棬ûüдĺϵ
һ뵽ܹ˽Ҫ˴Ӵģ
С;Լؿ˺Ѱۡ
ҧҧĬĬ̾˿
ȻָŵԴϴһ£˵ȥϴϴ


43 
Ъ, һ
Сһڣ˵ű, ȥˮϴϴ
˵겻ܾʹӴ˳ִ˴ϵ̨ơ
Ȼ, Ŀ˱м϶еһֽϡ
ΪһˣȻ̸ǿ֢, Ҳĵط
һҷҶ
˵, ˳־ͽˡ
ʱ, дֽϵġϵĸ, ʹʹŵ۾
û˵һѽֽ˳ڿǼ֮ԭд, ̹ױ˺ɫ
תͷ˸ղŻ۰ĺ޲ҪԵȥСϱ
ſʱСʵѾӦˡ
ǿ϶ղŻʱûע, Űֽסġ
Ӿȥ, ü
һ䣺ɤ, Ѿ, ҽĿͶ
С֪ôģȻˡ
е㲻ȥŶ, ĵĽͷһߡ
ôܻɻأ
ô£ʵ
Ȼܵκ˶ܹóѾˡ
Ѿ, СҲ˵, Ҳȥ
Ҽҳɷ, Ҳ㡣˵
ԣ׼Ҫߣ
Сûг
ûϾǳˡ
һ뵽Լ죬СϱпܻᶪһֽȻĵ뿪
ž;Ļѹѹס˶ˣ
ҧÿ죬һǿѹŭʵ׼ȥĶ
Сͷ
ؼңҵĶˣ϶ûסҼңԸȥɩӵɫ˫ǲȥˣ˫壬㻹ȥĶ
һСҼҵģȥĵطûУ͸Һܣ
ĵӴ죡
Խ˵ԽҲԽԽܡ
γ֪СľΪԼ룬뵢ľġ
ǣûнԼһˣ
һһӦ빲ͬ
һ²ŹͬƲ壬롭
ǣһӻԺҪô
ĿһӿǽǴԼССһŵСֺޣۣܡ
ָо֯ţʲôץһ굽˼㡣
û˵˫һ̧˴ϣֱһ죬ͬСһ㣬ֱӽС˴Ӹ˹Լϡ
Сһʶÿ
ֻ̧ͷ̵Ŀˡ
ҿˣ
һ΢ʪȦĨĨɶһûأҴٿޣ
һ仰˵СšžҪȴķתӳƨɾһƣ
šžһСһ˶ˡ
Ȼűӣһȥָۣо
̫߳ˣ
һǵͨ죬ԭһֱŵҲƲס
žٶĻڼСҲȫʧˡ
СԴϸ˸ε̾˿˵СҪסڲǹµһˣмңңжŮһӣѧ˴Σ˴
۵ʲôʱǶԲԲ˭ҲܰǷֿ
Ϊôڰҡ
˦˦ֽʵ̫ˡ
С̧ͷҪͣȴ޴ӿڡ
ֵһۣô㻹û
ĥʹСһ£ж಻˰¾ܰҴ򵹣һʲôһ»ÿϱǰ˻
˵ƺһûסСƨһơ
ڣ˵ЩҶ֪㲻ý͡ҪҲ㵲ǰ棬Լ飡
˵꣬һѽСϱһߣһϴɶ˵
˵žҪ´
СôĽѵһͨһ˶κġ
ĵѹֵĸоȴȻʧ˺ܶࡣ
һ˵Ǿ䡰㲻ǹµһˣ˼ҡ
ôҲôҲƲסİરµ
оҪ뿪Ȼʶץסĸ첲Ըš
һѾ˴£첲ȴȻϱץס
תͷȻͿСһģͰ͵ǸоһСĸޡ
ͻȻ뷨ͷ͵һ£Ҳرú
ˣʵţȥӵˮϻ
С߬øˣ˵֧дˣ˵ҪҵԭѾѷӸˣһܳˣǻ׷š
ǸŮ˻£ǲɶϽ
ܵ㣬Ҳ֪Ӱǰ;ҲΪ˶ǰ̸ˣôϲ֪ҪϽôϲ
ƺҵСȫû˵ĻȫһԵķй˳
֮ǿ侲ηʵ˵˲û
û˰û˹ܣԼٲǿӾͳûˡ
һԸ۰Ըֵ˭һֱأ
˴ߣϱ߶
֪С£Ҳ֪֮ԻȻһԭ
֪ϱôܡ
ļֻһŷۡ
ûʮ갡ô£ûаѹֻ˵ǿˡ
οȻðһ䣺ǸŮˡ
ǳ˳顣
ҾһŮˣ˵˵õСϴһ¡
˱죬˵Щ㶼ùܣλΪҪǳ׽
ô˵СȻʶԼһ⣡
æֱʵôˣ㲻ӦڽǱ̭ˣΪǸֱ
˵ֱŵһ˿
ҡҡͷǣ롣
˵꣬һѽС𣺡Ҳˣˣһȥϴ
գҲܣͽֱӱҡ
ϴϣɻشϣŲŸλԭ
ԭǸֱȷʵһЩӰ죬ΪڣҲΪгųȫ֧֣Ҳû˭Ҫ̭ȥ
ɾǵĽʵϰۿβʱȴȻӵһֽɽľӪӪ
Ҫӵ켴̣ȥǽѵȻֱӸΡ
õʱ˶ˣ
פغôܱ꣬ߵĵǿһ㣬˵۾֪ǵλãγȡ
ȴû˵һɽ
УɽľӪӪǸʲôλãúõȷӪӪţûзʲôôȻͱ˸أ
ɲжʣɽȻӡ
ԣڴҶڵ᲻ᱻ꼰޷½ϴŵʱʵѾܽˡ
ǵ˾֮˵˻Ϻ˵¶ġ
ɶûüʾ𾪣磬ͱһܻأ˴ʱԭӦñܵĻ
ЩԶ̣ǹɢȥġ
Ϊ֮ǰԣǱͧԺɹԣЩ˾޴Ŀֻţþ˸ֶӡ
֮ǰļ䣬ǻƵѾ˺üشԣ¼
Ƶһ㣬ףֵͧؼʱݲðʧ
ԣ֯ϾĿǰȫʵļŲƾͼƣΪ׵רСȫ˱ܵñӣ˵ǱѺĳʣѣܣʵǽ͵һΪ֪С
ǸСǺոճʱҪܻ֮һµͼϲδעԱû֪Ĵڡ
֮֯ϵʺϹС鰲õĵطˡ
ҪĸλѡȻΪء֯˺ܶѡһһ
ͻͬƼҼҪȷѡڶһϵеĵ֮֯Ͽˡ
ȥҪҵĲ˵һܣһйܡ
߬סС֣˵
Լܣ
СãȻգգ۾һʱе벻ס
ҲûȦӣڲϵľƣʵС㻹ǲǵõ˭ģ
ҵҲûĻش
Ǿˡ
ŵ˵ͷ˵ȥķҲһһģһĵľƣ˵ĸ׵ֵܽĸġûŪĻӦþǻϷ˵׵ܡ
Ϸˣ׵ܣС૵ظʣһʱеֲ״
ԭļ״û˵£Ҳ֪Լùá
ǵġλרŰȥҪҾ㡣
˵ЩѾŵζˡ
Ҳϵ£һѴ֡
ĿǰǱߵѾûڹڵˣҪңҵľֻ㡣
ΪԷһҰͺǶӵȥѾΪһְ񣬾רСרôԱ
ϱ֯ľָѾŵӪһҲ͵ˡʱˣһӾȫҪȥɽ϶ӡ
ʱЩ߰˺¶Ҳûκιϵ
һһľϲصСͷϣþõĻزζ
þΣʵ̫ˣ˸Ը
һֱڶϣ˯Ҳȫ׷ݣıѣСûѡ
ǴɩԺɤź˵Ű˻
˵ĶģǣСզȥѧϰһȦ˾ҪˣôԤ׶ûа
ģҲʱӵ֪ͨʱҲɵġЦ˵
ǣСҲȥǣһǽˣ
Ҳ̸Ͻפ뾩ǻе롣
Сһ·һ߲졣ȥɽǻܣйԱй¶
ǸԼ˸ѣҪСע⡣
ӽİһ˯˹ȥСҲûнǣŵ˴
Ьһ˲Ŀ˴ױס˵ǸֽϣʱĶһ͡
ǵģٶȽĶһŻ˹СڣֱٴοտҲһ
е¡
ЩǱҪ뿪ġ
СԼпռ䣬ռڵʳҲ㣬һôҲš
뾡ܵĸЩʲô
ңӪڲҲܵʲô޴ĳͻοѾˣҲܵǣΪһӪ֮ԼСңһеġ
ԭ¶רдһСŵģ룬Һûд
Ȼһ濴ˣŽͶͲˡ
ȻѾȷܹҪϵΪ֮ĻԼغϲлǡ
һֱΧСЩ˼׵ʧøɸɾ˶ӯ˺ܶࡣ
ϱڵǵʹʲôˡ
ٶȳš
ʱѾ˼ңŴֱȥӪ
Ȼ廹ûдһӵгڼӼʱʱһ
ӴҪ߾ˣˣбţ쬵˵
ҲΪ⣬ļģҲ֪ȻôҲúϸ˵һ
̬Ȳı΢ÿһ㡣ĬƬ̣̾˿߰ɣǺ¡
˵̧ͷһСŵһߣû׼ʡܶ鷳
Ļû˵ɼȫղ
ĻЭ˵ñԤڵĻҪ죬һӾʰװˡ
ΪרŽҪװ򷢣Сû֮ǰŴС
ֻǼ򵥵ʰЩӵıþߣɾҲװӡ
һԿȥĻվ£໹ǿӣȫ޵ʧ
СҲƲסᡣ
ȻܹҲһʱ䣬ɶȷӪȴĸ顣
һѵõɿֵʱ⣬Ըᡣ
ָоһֱǻͷһֱ˻𳵣еƲ֡
ֱӿȥ˺þãһ䣺ҪȥĶ
ƱʾյǾǣС֪ǾԲҪȥĵط
Ȼôʣָָ⣺վ³ڳվǡ
СԭΪͿֱӵĿĵˣû뵽ǣǿʼ
³һüգȻӿ˲Сʱ͵һͷ
ͷһ֣ϰٴת˻𳵡
תתת졣
ӣӵСʹ˵ЭҲᵽװ򷢵Ҫԡ
ѾŲע⣬ռ˺ܶණɻõֱȫˣ
˵ٴδվͷϵʱ򣬱˵ˣСҲҪŲȥˡ
·ʼƮ
վһʮˣأȥȴһּʡ
ڿ⸱ǱӺ˲ǺһЦ
ˣһ·ǲסʤǰϾҪطˡ
Ȼûкר˵Ҳֵ¡
ɴСҲܸоǰһǸ˲õĴ
˵ʤǰСʱ;·˼
˵Ĵ£Ǻܿһͧ
Сź֪ķִʱڵľȻһͷͧϻžıʶ
֪Ҫطˡ


44 
СǺ, ǵһֿͧ
Ȼĺ¡˶Ĥ۵ģζҲѬƲסÿ˶˷ܼˡ
СҲûֵ, һֱ̲ס䡣
뿪ȷӪʼϽļͺһȫˣ˶ʻ
Ȼر۵úܣر, ҪźӣҪһӵĳʳŶе㵣Ųס
СŮ۾Цȴһֱûʧ
ֿļֱҪˡ
˿̣ʹ󱦻ж椣ȫվ˱ϣ̽ԴŽżǰȫǺڴ
ԶԶţһģһôô
Ž£ûһ
ƵֻϸƵ, ץ÷, Ҷ
ȻԼ߻λ
ûü£֮ǰ˾Цебһۣȷϱ
Ȼû˵, ȴ൐Ĵˡţ۲ݰϷʡ
µһθۡ
˽¬ƽȻᣬʵѾʮˣǾŵųҲڵֱ˾
֮ǰھѵʱ, λ쵼ѾͦʱĽ, ˴˺Ϥˡ
ԴɽİȫBʡ֮, ¬ƽڵľžͼ縺Ҫ
ҪľһӪפںϵҪרǵİȫ
ȴΨһ
ΪС˴εʵǹش󣬲Ǻ԰ĵжҲڹעѰƻ
ڵΧĺ򣬾ŻӪıÿսѲؼĹ
ӽӵʵһµʱ䣬԰ȫڳﱸ׶Ρ
죬Ѳ飬Ƿ©ûʲôһжδ֪
©ų˭ҲҴƱͬרǹ
ǱǸʱ޵ġ
¬ƽ¶ˣͧϣżǻڣϸ̣©
ڽӵһѾҪϵʾ֮Թˡ
ʱӣһϦʱ
ССʱں߳󣬿ڴп˵ҲǵһΡ
ԶȺɫԲһʧںƽ£Ŀ
Լ¼Ҹӳ㽡
ڿͧ˲СʱһֱɫױڣǲòóڵĿĵء
ɽȻΪܻأʵϲûôȷΪĿפ֮ǰֻһСսʿء
ʵƧúܡ
ԶԶȥû̡
һĿ˴¬ƽȻſͧΪǴĵƹ⣬ʪʯ˵
û߳һ̤̤ĽŲȻмСսʿԶ˹
Ӫã
ǳһ񣬴ӵٵĽӹŵĴ䡣
һ˸Ǻܸɴֱӽ椱˼ͷϡ
һСսʿҪȥ󱦣ȴߵĶ㿪ˡ
ɩӣʯڣһŵųڵפءסѾˣȴȥϢ
վǰǸƤڵ˽ӹСӣһЦ¶һڽ׵ݡ
ڵҹ￴Ÿҫۡ
һʪʯڼСսʿͬʹ֮£ڴͣߵһСϡСխ˲ͨС
ɫ̫ڵǿľǰֵСΧĻ
оõµ·ӿݣһСĻᱻ֦ס·
·ר޹ģǺֳ±ţҰ޲̤һ㡣
ʮӵӣߵһƽİɽ´
Ծݡ
汻ؿҲȫӲ
Ŵʯ壬ƽƽ·ľͷһǽˮ࣬˲ٳӡ
ٳ߻ֱܣһǸսʿƽʱѵʹõġ
һҰŵסٳԱߣרŻֳһ򣬼н˺üŷӡ
Щû֮ǰȷӪķô󣬻뻧֮ҲûмΧûһרŵԺӡ
ܹóȻʮףʵûʲôס
еķȫǺڵϹģûһ
Ȼûſѯʣʯھڽ˵ӪɽߣרŸרǽᡣǵľֻɩһרŸרǵ¬ųðһҲס
˵ţʯ¶һЦݣѯʵӪסһףǸרǻûأȫţѡ
ȻСµһ
ԣųͶѯʵ֮ɵָһţһסɡ
ܶ࣬סǰģȻûס淽㡣
ּ¶Ȼϱ˵ͷʯǰæѶ˹ȥ
СĴһ飬ʵȷӪҲûʲô𡣶һҡڿڿĵط治Զ
Ųӽӵͼֽһ˷Сһ㣬ӦӦ
Ҿ֮ͬǰ˵һĶǰ׼õġ
ΰЩԲ˵Ҳú룬ڵĴ̶̺ˡ
ֻȫͬսʿһһоǽһߡÿ߷һ¹֮Űڷŵϰһ̨ƣһʡ
ÿһ϶ѩ׵Ĵͷɫľ
Ӷ˷Ķ顣ȥɷÿ
Сһк⡣
ɿԶĵ˴ڻûסǳ˳顣
ֻĲˬԵ˶ûп
ڿɩĵ˵ͷ֮ʯЦ˵ӪɩӣһˣϢɡȻȥȱʲôʲôģ˵
˵žҪ뿪
ȵȡŽסǣȻʯڣڵ㸺𣿡
ǣʯæش
ôšų˰֣ȻԸȴȥתһȦ
ô˵ʯڳһ£Ӫ˼ĳˡ
һҲû˵ﻹŵİת˳ȥ
Ҳæٸϡ
ǣֻʣ
֪뾡Ϥ㿪չСûκεĲ
һѾ˷ܹȣ˿ȫӣתװٵĴӿռó֣һһ顣
ǳ꣬Ȼʹϴ˯ȥˡ
ֻ֮ǰƷڹߵġ
ȻѾֹһͷϹ
Դһûסˮ͵֮Ѿͷ·׼˼ÿ춼ڹʱʵĹӻŷĸСʳ
ʱ滨̶ֳ֣ģʱҲʦƷ֡
ӳԵ֣ǰʱʦġ
죬ڿǵʱСһӾȤ
㲻ԣҲܹһۿʦЩΪͶСá
֪Ϊ˸λСӻСר׼ģȷʵǻ˼
ΪӵƢθûΪ׷ڸжӴϣֻ򵥵ۣ׷ۣǺҡ
ȴָǴСС飬ǳʺϺӵСԼųԣһһ
⣬Ϊ˿θʦһЩеúСɽȲῨźӣʹִл˼ֽͷ㣬ʮֿɿڡ
ֻһۣСͿⶫһϲҷǳӪԵ;ҲƽƷ
ԴµİͰĺһξ֮ǵĺʽ׾ʽʼˡ
Ѿ˺üΡ
ر֪Ҫ뿪ȷӪµĵطңлﲻŵԭǴ˺üλȻﻻ˲ٶ
ڣڴӵٳٴαĿľǺʲСùȥ٣յȫգơ
СҪҲ޲ʱȫ㡣
ڵĽ׶˫˵Ǻġ
˵Ǵ磬ܹٴηͷǶС
ӵٳڹһ¡
رΣרҪŷĳʦÿһֲˣǽεһ¸߶ȡ
ϻʺųҪμӣ̫˵Ҫ
ѹﵫеͷȻûв뷽跨Ҫμӵġ
ԭһ򵥵Ļӵ磬Ǹһι͢ʢ硣
˭Ҳû˵֮£ʦȻѾγˡ
ȻСĴͽܣ֮ǰҲǱصġϾСʦʱҲ̡
Сڵʱ򣬿ҲµҪգдĥ¡
ǴҶ֪ģǰҲ˭˵
ϾһŷĹ¹ù˵ˮƽ˵ˮƽҪҪĶࡣ
ƫƫ֮ǰһϺõ˹ļȳޣ⻹㣬õ˻ϵĿ佱ʹ͡
ųŷǸ˶ʦҲû˭õ
Īı̧ôߵλãͬ춼ڱûſ
ܻ˵û˵
пԡ
˭ԼòһǰһƷ˵ûдﵽӵ⡣
Ȳ˵ЩʦԴ˺಻̣ܽǴӴŷҲ֮أҲԶ̧ͷˡ
Щ΢һᣬСȻҲˡ
ԣڶ˺֮ҲûȫŵģµЩȻȽš
ǿ˼ڤ֮󣬵ȥŷ˺ʹ
ʱԼĥģڴ°һ֪ǴŪ̿
˵Ĺӣ֮ǰɻսƷûʲôã͵ʳˡ
ͷ˵ˣͷҲҲǹӾֻܷڽػңκ֮ء
ǹӶûãС˵ȴ·һӳһ´š
˽˾ʹ÷֮˲ͺð˺üĵƷӡ
֮ǰǸûлⶫȴҲгԹӵϰס
ֻǹӾһɰȻҪԵȫŽȥ֮ǶȥͼþһȺ
ֹܹŻ𣬿ʲôʲôʽǴûеġ
治ѡ
Ϊ̿˵һôҲûУСͽؼԼĥ˺üΡ
̼ǳģҲûˣҲ̫ڹ˼ɡ
ȺʻҲӷѵģʹģģǵġָô
˵ֻҪóԵģʲôҲһ䡣
˵Ϊ˴ӵᣬŷʦǶˣÿ˶ͷ²ƷʱСĥĥȥǾʹ׵ġ
һʣҡҪһûм
ȻʱţˮƽҪһķԾҲǲʵġ
ӣǱԼ䵽˼ĳ̶ȡ
ֻҪԼķȺ«ưʧܶס
Ψһ鷳һľǻĴ졣
ɶôܹɽĻʹ˵Ҳʲô¡
ԣ˰ĹϸϸĻһͼŹ׵䷽ʳ÷һø
ڿСµ֮˶ˡ
һӦӰ칬õʳ߸óˣ
䷽Ȳ˵ʳ߾Ǵûмġ
û˵ǳľӾ͸м˼ͷ
Ȼ˵˲ݣͷģԼ͹ȥ
İͷһûҵӻͼֽԼġһ飬ȻٶȽĹ
ĥ˼죬飬ھ绹ʱʮͭĻȫˡ
ǻǰСͼֽʮʮģƳɵġ
ΨһĲͬǸӵľ
ΪǸʹĹãȻþ˰취Ҳƾ
ߵĹѱƳ˼޵ģҲ˾Ļơ
㻹ûʹãӵ˲һơ
ʱҲСķƳ˷ǳס

㻹ǰɵĸѩ㣬˵ӵٷСרһʵĺ
޺ĶϺ۰׵㣬˶ʱۻĻټϻƵף׵ɽ񣬺ڵ㹽ԼִƵ裬Ϻ軹з⵰ǡ
統죬ԴӣŷСŮ룬ֱʮʹӳʵǵǰ
ŷͳһ̵ĹŮÿﶼһ̡ϸһµ˼ģûмʳߡ
ʳƽõĴȻͬ͹Ź֣ҫۡ
һȦԷʳʹŸӣҲܹ洫ˮĹ
ʳߵмǿĵģƺŵǻ̿ȼգżлðž
龰˶ûмģȫ¶˺ı顣
һ߹֮ʱԭַǷĴ˶ݵİ˵Ŀⶼʳˡ
벻ǵģζʳǰʳ߸ʲôҲˣ
Ϊ̫󣬻һ˻ϸǵһ̣Ũʱ翪
ڶʱ˴˷
֮󣬹ŮҲȺƿ˷ǰĻϸǣʱ֮ǰĴ˲
ʲô
óԣ
찡Ȼпӣ
ٸʢһ롣
ҲҪ
ԭģע̬ĹȫǼʧ䣬Ҳ˲Щ
ָ̾ģҪ˷
̧̧ƤŹǾﵽ˼񣬻гԵζʱԵı飬һڷŻ˶
֪ıôһӮˡ


45 
С֪Լʲôʱ˯ŵ, Ǳѵġ
ŷԼ˽§ڻ϶Ǻ, ·ʪˡ
пմȴҪ˯ǣ
СƵһѡ

Ƥûжһ£ǽø
㲻𣿡
˵, ǸС¯ǰڼҵʱҲûãͺȻܲˡ
طʵ̫ˣ
ȷӪʵѾȴˣ·ݵ죬̫Ѿˡ
ӪϾںߣ¶ȻǺ˵ġ
⻹û˯أȣò̫
Сʵɲȥ, ƿ, Լ
һ۴⣬ɫѾ, չӴȻеۡ
Ǽˣ
һ㶣ȵŤͷţʳ㲻ܲ٣
ȻǸով˳;˵˽, Ƿǳɵġ
ǲڼ, ֻҪڲ, ͷһæǾԲᵢڶϳٵġ
ôʣƵ̾˿۾ֹһ죬
˵꣬ԼԱߵһӿһۣȻ󡰰һֱӵݵСǰڻ룡
Сֱȼˣ
˿ӣʮֲ֣ŵĿһ棬ġ
ʵʲôʱȻһѽ뻳СԼؿڣûüȫ˻ȥ
ȻһֺƭС˵С˯ˡ
û䣬ĺͱֳֻȻô˯ˡ
˾ȵĺСֹͣһж
֪һ·ࡣ
;˵ܲ¶ʱ̽ңһһ붼ҷɡ
Ƕļ尾
ǵطˣӦҲ˵ԣܹ˯Ⱦɣ
С˻֪ʲôʱҲ˯˹ȥ
ʱѾûˣȴսʿѵ
ôһ˲䣬е㲻֪ںηһѹ
˴СŴˮϴվſڿ˺ðΣûҵˮ
תȥ˳
ôڳϿһˮƿ滹аƿˮ
һ㣬պϴһͷ££һǵˮͰ˼š
ǰǲٳʱһŵսʿѵ
ǿ϶ûˮģתͷɽȥ
ͧʱʵ̫ˣһƬСʲôҲûп
˿Ȼһתǰɽص״Щ
ǰһɽ
ȻʱѾڰɽȻܹоõɽĶ͡
֪һɽ֮ǰȷӪʱڻƬϼ
ֽϵĶһʵȻ𺳵ġ
ǸƵԲ׶εɽ壬Ρ׳ Сһ˲Ϣ
ɽȻһɽӦѾźܶܶˡ
緢ĻɽҶ˺ɫɽʯһɽɽһ·ൽΧĺߡ
ЩɽҲѾ˷ϣǧһƬдС
ɽֲΧ̴д䡣
С˳ɽΨһһС·ߣû߳ԶͷָһСϪСϪٺܿ죬Ϫˮ峺͸
СˮͰˮȴûҪ̻ؼҵ˼ˮͰôϪߣԼ˳С·ɽߡ
ɽȻûбô·߱ϵ֦Ϻۼʵģܶطǰײ磬һΪ̫£⼸űսʿǸϵġ
ɽ·߳˸ľкֵֺܴܴ
ЩȷӪǱҲУС֮ǰ
ȴûм֦Ҷïġ
ΪɽʯΪغ٣Щ¶ڵϣ̽ڣγ˸ֵֺ״
Щϻ˰ɫɫСԶԶĿȥɷǺÿ
ɳ֮⣬ɽϻкܶ
С·һֽ˽ɫӵĹ
ǹɢһζܵǵס࣬ۼһ𣬾ΧĿģǺš
ö̫ߣõż⣬־ܹţϵĹӴСȭͷСԲΣһһ͹Ҷӳ¸ÿ
Сժһ
ûмĶȻȥ׵ĳԣֻ˱Ƕᡣ
ʱһֶڸˮеǼ⣬һĿ
СժŷŽ˿ڴ
кܶСߴߴĽиͣһִɫģųβͣͷȥ
ĵɫޣëĻŽ⣬ǰڹʱЩ˽ĻƤĸҲȲˡ
ȻȻȣɽﻹʪֳ
ôĶСĿϾӣһҲûоᷳ
ֳǰ˼ӣȻС·ұ߲Զĵطֿ˺ôһƬŽ֡
ǰŽһҰģúˣýܡ
ÿһ϶һ䣬ͷܴİŽ
С۾
һʱ䱻ľ޴ϲҵһɣֱģ
Ž֮ǰ︱ʳżȻġ
һëһһûм
֮ǰżȥʱרŻǮ
ֻܹŵ︱ʳ꣬ҲҪƱ۵ģǰŽƷʿ֪
еķŹͷ泤˺ڰߣеûժˣɱ˻ƻƣ涼治
Եָɬûһζ
ɾİŽڳȱˮĴ˵ҲǿʳĻҲǼټٵġ
Сܵ˰ŽǰƬӣжʮã
ÿһ涼ʮİŽǴ󴮵ģÿ涼ʮʮʵ֣
ģ⵽ʲôɵط
ССͨ죬ֻûԭתȦȦˡ
˵𴲵ҲˮʱﻹһĵĻڣЩȫܵӰ١
һ˵ʲôȷԼʳΧĻŭŵأ
Щѣ鷳ǰȫòҪ
Сǰߣȥûʲôµĺöڵȴȥ֡
ǸҪȥˡ
ףѾ˵㽶ȥ˼ֻɫĹʵ»صϪˮߡ
ԼŵĶֻýõϪˮȥһˮ͹ӼѵĻ˼ҡ
ɻûߵſڣˮͰͱ˴һѽ˹ȥ
ɩӣࡣ
˵꣬ƺǸоˮͰԣһ£ȻЦ
ɩӣţȥ
˵գҲСػȻǸװŰͰˮˮͰһ·Сܵ³ķ˻ȥ
С̽ﻹס
ʧᱳӰŵˮסƿԺš
Ͱˮˮ𣿺ôҲﰡ
ɶڶʮͷС˵ǰͰˮ治ˮ
Ҳǹ˼ʱ䣬˾װˮͰ˻
⻹㣬źˮˮ׺кģֱӴӳҵͰͱⵣûһͽˮ׸װˡ
Сһмȴ֪Ҫô˵ӣСӺһЦҪҽܡ
˵ɩӣҽƽǾӪ°İ೤СξСҽôġ
𣿡Се֡
ţô¯ӡ
˵ƽ˳Ǹ¯
ָŶС͵ϵʱӪȥʳü鹤ǵõĶú¯󣬾˵֮ǰõĲһ
ΪרŸרǵʳģ¶ǰѧᡣ
Ӫҹ㣬˵רϵ֮ǰȫա
Сô˵ڹ۲¯СҲ
ѾһʽƵĲְˣϵҲ˾Ӫ
°֮ˣϰʱ˾ֱ쵼
Ҫ
ȷӪõ¯˫һģղġ
СϱõĲ࣬ѧܿˡ
ɽϵ¯Ϊ޵ģȫĳڳձʹõú¯
ú¯յĲǲ𣬶úӡͨСεĽܣС֪úɢúϻˮ˺ųţȻ̫ɹɵġ
СεĻ˵úӱȲöˣգ֮ϰ¯ӷ˵ڶϸ
СʱȤ
ѧŷҲҪɵġ
úûвţҪø֦֮⣬һԲԲİλͲȻհ춼š
ɽϣ֦ǣɵȴ١Ϊʪú΢עͻ᷵˳
ҳ̨ϵЩ
ڡʼʱ򣬲СС˺þҲûеš
Ū̶أѬһѱһģﻹ˯С˶Ѭˣȵþ춯أȻûеš
ɩӣȥʳóԷɣҰЩúȷ̫ɹɹٻѧ
ƽմú̵ĨһʱĨè
ǱӶʱǵԱվŵСֻ̲סЦ
¯ӵ㲻ţʳÿʱ򣬼Ȼƽô˵СȻܾ
ʳʲôģ϶Ǵ˵Ĺۡ
ǰȷӪʱСȥʳøؼҼûʲôϤĺܡ
԰ڹΣ˵ȷӪĻʳ׼ȫǿǰģͱܸߡ
ɵ˾Ӫʳ֮ŷ֣ӪӪ֮Ļʳ׼Ȼô
ȻͬǴǾӪֵĻ϶Ǿ
ʱĴʵǷֵģһǸ棬ףɣ棬Ҳϵģͨ
һϸ֣С֣Ծϸģ
ʱӪʳ˳ͷȫͷϡȻǴףС׺һĶࡣ
֮⣬͵Са趹˿
ÿһ֮ǰȷӪڸƻʳŻֵƷ֡
СľȣƽʮĽĽ͵һ߲ӣǰصġ
һ仰˵Сʱû
ڲӴľˣܶȻˡ
ǰصĲӣ˵˾פ߷ǶǽĲӣõĴܱеĸǾӢ
ҲֱΣյġ
һ£׵塣
СȥʱźʵѾˡ
ӳԹʳ֮󣬿Ǹ˴һȺСսʿŶֳſ֮ģŶɽߡ
Се
ǿɻƽ͵֮ǰû˾סģʩûС
רʱ򣬾˵Ҫܶרҵ豸ڹоҵҪܸߡǱøרǵ֮ǰЩﱸǰá
ԣȥ·𣿡Сʵ
ǰƽЦŵ˵ͷ
˵꣬һۺķֻ°ļѾȫʰɾŹ˳
ֶС˵ɩӣʱȥҲȥɻʲôҪ¶˵
Сæ˵ͷӳԱá
żСսʿǣĶ鳯ɽȥСһʱе˵Լʲô롣
ͣȻΪҹһԼ


46 
СΪʲô
֪֮ûϤ, ܹúӣӵ鷳ѾǴʱܹõˡ
СĻ¼ҡ
СӵľͷԶġȻʱ򣬴󱦺Ͷ۵һһ߲, ɾ˯ôһҹ, ȫѪˡ
ҲС, ȾǰһȦ, Ȼһ˻
ԺסˣȳסСͷһڴʡ
, Ժˡôϲϲ
ϲһ˷ܡ
ɽкӣ, Уööӣ
˵, Լ·ĶͳһС֮ǰժͬ, ɫӣһ԰ڵľŸ
, , ررᣡ˵ţƺֻζ˸ղųԵĸо, Сȫһš
СʶԼһ⣬ʱһ亹
ǳˣ˶٣
æץסӣŵʡ
˼, Żˡ
ʱſС, ԿôҲ˵ס
Ǵ󱦽һ, С˵ûԣͣһƤ
˵ţǸɫĹת˸¾ٵСǰָָٳƤĵط˵ղŶ椿ٵģ̫ѿˣſٿһСڣָ˵ˣǾûٳԡ
ô˵Сŷ
ʵղž;ӦûӣӦڸٵһƷ֡ɾҲҳԣ
ѣֻԼûаѻ˵ǰ档
ʾ󱦺ͶԼվá
ȻһĿǣ˵ҼסˡƽʱӸ棬ûдԲԶ뿪ߣ
ҽǵʱǵʱ򿴲ˣһδһΣģû
ӴûмСôȫŻˡ
˼˼ʶĵ˵ͷ
شû
ˣͬĴ
С˵ͷȴû˶Źǡ
˵ɽϵĹӶ࣬࣬ĸܳԣĸжҲ֪
ԣȷǿԲժģҪǱҷժرҳԣǾͰִϣ
椿ٵĽ߬ŵһӶ˵ϣȻһ°ֱСһһģ۾ٵһˮ
ٿС񣬳ίҲһη塣
Сеۡ
֪¶ͱô
Ϊƽʱ̫ڳ谮ʵںе첻µز¡
¡濴ȥϹСһСԴӾĥ¶
֮ǰȷӪʱǿӱһ꣬ȴ챻ƵָĶĶٲȻһСļơ
椾͸˵ˡ
ӪһݣһСŮǻߵĶŹţ
ǸɫģҪ˭ãСરણĻҪǮ˵
˵̵ġ
Ŷ챻Ƶģ˵ƮƮˡ
Сӣڸûһµˣ
ĶһûȫĻĵ
Ȼڵսʿ˭֪ЩսʿǶûȥĵطʲôΣţ
˵ҰˣһݣһĹӣ֪СԵʲô£ϵĹµԲûУǲǿ
ԣСܹ뵽ľǸѹߡ
̽ĻᣬǻȦ
ͬǽʱǽ̵һȰѹȦϡ
ȦڣȦǾǲУ
ЩСȻͬСһ˵ôһԸҲȷʵСֻˡ
ʵʵĵͷͬ⣬Ȼ̾ߡ
ߵſڵʱСôſǻԸ˵֪ô۾ͲˡڼҶãۿɺÿɺˣһҲϲˣ
Сһͷۡ
֪ԲʱСѾͷȥױǿɣһ군ˡ
СѾͷ˳̽ĵߣǲ֡
뵽ٴӲģòС׷һ䣺ҵ׼ʲôʱ
ôʣӵĽŲͬʱ˶١
Ȼת˻۽첻ȥϺˣ
ȥˣб¶
пӿʧС룬վûģֻü˵ǶȥдҵдҴȥɽ
˵ҪȥɽŸˣȫ˷ܵġŶһ
˸ղŵĲҲ˵ʲôˣɿȫԼȥ
ԴȷӪǸ˺֮ر𡰺޳ܡĸСһ´
ҪԺ˯һݣǵá
ȻӣرǶԴ˺ܲɵ˵¶ǷҲûõġ
̽˼֮СѾͷҲֻѡ˷ҲѾȫʵˡ
ӵıӰСʵе㷢ġ
ռ䣬ʱԭѾѡ£Դ˽ݶҵһԺᷢʲô£ʲôѾһ֪
ڣ겻֪ʲôʱѧУḴΣСȴ֪ϾҪ꣬ҲҪ꣬Ҫѧ䡣
˵Ȼһ£ɶں˵ȴá
СС;ͱһµ֮ϣûͬˣûѧĵطСܵĻ˰Ӹˡ
ǣһ㣬ڵ˵Ϊ
Ψһģһ㶼ӣرǴ󱦵ѧϰ
ѧϰãСǼţκγϽҪġ
ΪˣһֱľŵĿαڽӶ飬Ҽÿǲҵ
СȥдҵˣСĿǽŵĵ˴ϡ
һװ˶ĺҪԼһСϵ龰ǿƲסĳ˳顣
ſ˺һƵվ
Ŵ֮ƵһߣѴϵıÿ˳̵ľڰŴƵһ
Ȼ˵ȫ𿪣ͳϷһµ˫ӡ
˵ѡ
ôӣȫһֹ죬֪ʱѾȥˡ
һֱƽſڴĺɩӣŷѾҪʮһ㣬Ҫ緹ʱˡ
ĻƣСӴߵſڣȻͿƽһ¨վڳԱߡ
СΣ㱳ʲô
úӡ
ƽ˵ţ˼ЦЦҲǸ⵺ûãʵû顣Ҳ֪ôôúӷڵϾȻʪ
ɩӣȴӴ°౳һúȽѻϣͷٰʯſڡԺɹɵúʯϣӦþûˡ
ô˵Сʲôͬģ
ϵľ飬˸֦úһѧϰ˳ˡ
ƽָ£û֣С˳ĵȼ¯ӡ
Сսʿ¶һ˵ı顣
ɩӣ㿴һʲôˣ
Ϊһʱ䳤ˣС˵Ҳû֮ǰ衣
ˣߵ֮ǰŵ¨Ӹǰóһ㽶ҶӰŵİһ԰ڵʡ
СڿЩ㽶ҶӵʱҲһ


47 
֮, ƽӾͱ¶ˣһǸõġ
ȻСʲôɶûСظԼ̲סİѰڰŽҶϵٸ⿪, ¶һ˶㡣
ʯ㣿СȼˣĶŪģ
ʯ, ˵Ϻ, ƽʱڽ, ܹס
СҲһˣʱСҦǶһأԺҲû
ʯߣĺܷ, ȥҲһ߰ӡȻСεı¨ôãȻǿĻţ, βͶ΢΢Ķš
СȻһھͽг֣ƽһ¡
ȻӪ, 뵽ɩǴȷӪǱ߹, ʱȻˡ
ɩӣʰɣҴ, , ĵطҵôʯ㣡
ǶǽѲߵʱģջ񲻴, ʯ˺üһѵС㡣⻹˲ٵϺз
Ҳ֪ǰʲôһ
ƽԺĽ͵
ô˵, Сʱе㲻, æƾܣⶼǹҵĶ, ɱáҪǴĶӪԲĻҿԳǮһ㣬ôùɲС
Сô˵ƽʱЦ
ɩӣʲôأֲǾҲǲĸʳƷӪԼͶð
ܻ̫˽ЩϲӵʳƷӦʳҪĻҪԺ
ȻǵڿŲһһ˵ÿһζЩȥҪʲôܷӡ
Ϊڸ
ȹ̸꣬պϸ֮󣬿ûôͣǵöٲͣٻѰ
ƽʱЩפڵϵĲӣͨһһεġÿҲЩʳϣɲ˻Щ÷ŵ߲ˣĶÿ
㣬ֲˣգԸ㣬۵ϲճĹء
Բʲôץʲô۴һʲôҵģڳǮ¶
˵ƽֺٺһЦɩӣԺҪרǵĻʳÿͲҵճ֮һѵÿ㻹ҪδζǮ
ⷬ˵С
ķ䷽ʽǰû˵Ҳû뵽ġ
ΪʲôȥоȻ
ȻСȻҲ飬ʹ㡣
ŵһߣʳԼĵ¶
ָָһԵİŽҶʵСΣɽϵİŽǿժİɣ
԰ֻҪ˷ѣժƽɴĻش
˵꣬СһۣȻȻɩӣǲժŽ֪ôԣ
Се㲻˼ЦЦ
֮ôʣȷʵΪժİŽȫġ
ϱӻⱲӣСûȴĻܱߵһж˵ĺܣ֮ǰЩϵĲࡣ
ԣܶණС
ͺŽȻҲ֪˲ܳԣɾô棬ʲôҪעģ
ƽȻðŽҶֽССӦöǺϤġ
ΪʦȻҪ̡
ȻƽҲûľͿʼܾ顣
Žժϳԣ漸˲С
ߵɽһǷͰȻһպ˰׾ƵĲ߷һȥ֮Ͱʵ˷ů͵طţˡ
ûƣҲûɶɩӣҸֽӰܷ⵽棬ڳĴ̨ϣŸ죬ôҲˡ
Ǵ°Уô󱦸һȥãǶеģûСһԡ
椣Сˡ
ᵽŮ֮ǰѵӵ¶
æóԼժǸƹӣСΣʲô֪ôԵģ
ƽһۣȵӴһӴɩӣ㻹ժʻˣⶫûտڳԣ̫ˡͨǰпˮȵġ
ˮȣ
С룬ܹܡϾӵζȥʵ㡣
ôݣǫѷļʵ
гƬˮźȡʱҲŽȥһЩݡ
ƽּСա
ǴԱϸǰҪȥμѵġ
ѵʱԺҽרǽ˵Ǹʲôάغرߡ
ɱá
߲ˮϵʱˮսʿǺȣ죬ÿǻ
⣬ҽ˵΢ĸˣˣûкʵϵĻ԰֭ˮ˿ϣɱá
˵ƽԼȶһ£ƺǻʲôܽܵ顣
С棬ֲһ䣺⣬ܶ౾˻ˡ
һ˵ˣСʱ˾
ô֪𣿡
ƽе㲻˼ͷ
ɩӣƽʱڲӵʱ࣬͵طϵǽӴ٣Ҳûôá˵ǰá
˵꣬ԼüúܣҲֻܵˡ
ƽСʼоʡ
Ϊһӣһµʳȥоףʵڲ硣
ΪϲŵǸողѧ㣬ԣŻµʳƽûи
ղר˵ô󱦹ȥ˳緹Сܾˡ
ֻڶӹŮ˷ܵĸƽ˵Ǹɻʵȥʱ򣬽üͷͺá
֮ǰȥʱѾɽһ˵أЩ³߲ˡʾ֪϶ǰصսʿֵġ
Ȼ˵ϵԴԹ׼ȥժ˻á
СȰƽķʸгƬһƬ˳Ȼúܡ
ֺʹ᲻һζĹǰûƷģϲ
ԼϲСҲϲϾûбζˮ˵ʵڲʲô
С룬ӿռóһСƿ´ɸﵹЩŽƬ˽ȥˮ
Ȼ֪ôģȻƽղ˵Ǿ䡰ҲԷһЩݽȥĻ
С֪νʲôȴ仰ʵ̫ˣ
ɲǾ͵óһЩȽĶ
ʵûʱרȥƽԼָЩݡĥ˰죬뵽֮ǰſ·߿ģͬҰһ賤ıɡ
ⱡɻ֮ǰָʶģ˵ˮйԽ
ߣҲ֮һ
ֻȻʶСȴûгⶫζʱָıɣɩӲ֪ŪģڻĺСļá
ȻȤһֱҲû˼ȥժ˼һ޵ļƬҶӡ
û뵽ǣⱻĵһĶɽϣȻǻĲݰƬƬĳ
Сߵ·ڣʺıҶժ˼ƬڱǶţֳһζȷԼŹǹζ֮ժһˮϴɾֱӷŽʵˮ
Ϊʵ̫ˣݳ޵ķ˺üƬ
ˮˮŵ˻СȥɽĲ˵ժƹϣѣһСУժһѳǻ
ʵ̫ȣһô˼ˮѾѺ󱳵·ȫʪˡСʵûҪȹ˵ĳ嶯
ȽʯϸĨȣΪûֻóһƾϡ
ȻˮѳжϷŽˮݱáŵ࣬к˻ƹϺͷѡ
ŲʳÿҪʱСϣʼ֭һ򵥵ʹ֭
ʹ֭˵򵥡
ǽ֭ͣΣֱۣ߻ûüջصķ۷Žȥһ㣬ʹ裬һֱȫںϣ黯Ϊһ塣
ɾô򵥵ĶΪʵȴ£ֹʳ
ȻûгԣôţСҲ֪ûлˣ϶ϲ
ʹ֭кõĻƹϣȣһӴҲˡ
Сõӹ˳лĩȻ̳ˮּһ
óһõף浹һЩͷ¯ϼȣ˳ֶ˼ȥ
ȣֱඹǵ档
Ȼ˻һһɳŻζ˳ŴƮ˳ȥ
æһ磬ַʹ˶ӹŮŵСͷҲûһ˿һʳ
СڱȷӪλѾȥϷˡ
ɽȻûиκˣʵе㲻ϰߵġ
ʪƵĻһֺĸо
˼һֱûлúϢָһ㽡׳ţҲеԲˡ
ھʱ˼ҡûžŵ˳ﴫϤģֻϱ˲Żеζ
ʶһһֱɤеĵĸоȻʧˡ
ȻԼȻоˣ
Сû뵽緹ܻӭľȻʯ㣬Ǵ˻ˮ
ӦûԵʡ
էһ˶е㲻Ӧֻˬڣ˲ôθȫ
СĬĬĽʳ׼¼׼ԺҪ϶Լ»
ãרˣҲһ⡣
ӦӦøԴҵθڡ
ʵ̫ȣ緹󣬲Сߴ٣СľԼˣʵʵĻȥ˯˾
ǰݵˣȻҲȥһ
С֪ԭսʿҲϰߵġ
Ͼ¶̫ߣһСľΣա
ңڿһʱһ£Ȼ;ͿƲסĿҪֵ˶
תͷһѽСץ˹ȥ


48 
ŽСץ, ʹһڡ
ϱˡ
ࡣأ
Се۵ĸ˸
ȻʲôҲû˵ۿŵġһȺСսʿ, ֦, ʯͷ, һһȥ, һһİʯ, иõʯ̨ס
, ǰҲ벻ġ
ɹúں, ٿеʧѪɫĴСǷϧѹҲѹȥ
ѵõûƿԼϵ, ˵Ͻ˯, 㡣
˵, һ˴ϡ
һ˯ṳ́ʵȻֻһݵȴǱעʲô鵤ҩ̹˺ܶࡣ
˯Ѻ, ̾»صӪ
Сʵ˯úᣬߺҲ˴
, һš
ȻӦҪɽ, СȻҪԼĳŵοʲôҲϹ, ԼţҲܿŵ㡣
ŴŲʩ·½ġĿǰ޵һǴӴֻͣӪƽ̨λá
Ϊר鵽ʱ豸Ͳϵʱ򷽱㡣
סͨɽϵ·ûü, Ȼ֪Ұ޻˲̤, ֻһͨС·
Сǰ, š
˶椿мıߵĻ죬ʹÿ˶һ¨ﻹһ֦¨һ
Ž߰µ֦֦С˸ۣ·һʲôʱͻȻðС֮ģݾߵġ
Ȼʱƽظ֤ɽûжߣɽôתûתô˵׼أ
οûߣһȻĶ޶СҲܰ
Էһɡ
ҲûԶ֮ǰСȥΧתơ
ɽһ֪СûеӴ󵽴Сߡ
ô󱦰æժ˺Щʣ˳࿳˼󴮰Ž
ƽ˵ûа׾ƣҲûйȥϹõ㣬԰ŽҪ漸졣С˵ȫ¶
ƾͲ˵ˣϹ㡭֮ǰڿռĶ֪ж١
뵽㣬СȻһ£Ǿӣ
ʪɽֲֶȻһ죬ҲӬжԵ
˯֮ǰСרܵСС˰죬ʱ򣬴󱦺Ͷϣ϶бҧ˵ĺۼ
ѿ⻹ΣؼСЩӻ᲻
ȥǶ˵Ӭдģҧһڣһ°²ȥĶСõģû׼˷գӣ
СĥţһǵҪȥСҪ㣬⻹ϵʱû䷢ʲôҩƷ
ҲʼﻮţҪҩʽ嵥
֮ǰСѾ׼˲ٵĺʷԼڣΪʲôµõÿܽһʵļƻ
ڵĶģҲҪȥϺ
רǻû֮ǰοյ̽ɽϵܡ
ֻǽиҪҪ
ժҪõĶ֮ССһ˼ҡ
ҺȽõ¯ͱţһˮȻˮͰ裬¨ͶӹŮһȥСϪϴʡ
磬һ˺ʱˮȵó죬Ѿ⣬ӽ쿪ʼҪÿΪɽϸɻսʿ׼ϡ
Ȼƽһֱ˵ֻҪרǵʳĲùܡ
ɿЩ˴ȵ죬ôصĹɵʲôǲ
ЩɲˣҲû˻ɣǾ͸ɵԼеİɡ
ϪˮҲ͸ոոǹףǵȥҲʲôΣաˮøˣСҲûɨˣɴϴʡ
ʾôϴɾ֮Լ¨Աߵĵ￳һɡ
ͬϴɾһͰˮ˻˼ҡ
ˮʣ񱡺ɣ˷ֹæ
Сһֱеᡣ
ĺҲһЩ۽ȥ룬Ǿա
ֻܸĵĽƬеĸһ㣬Ҷĸϸһ㣬ϣܹƽ˵Ϊǲһάذɡ
ˮͰȥ޵·
ڿʱӵһ£ɲѯʣĿϱŮŵͰʹϡ
⻹ʲô׵ģһӾЦ
ЪȵˮɩӸˮȵ㡣
Цݿ㣬ߺﰵĻ˼С԰ڡ
СôῴǵС˼
Ҳֻһۣû֨
˸ϹæĴ°սʿǣôҶЦӵŹȥˮûעʱٵһŵ
űһ
ʶľ׽£ȴһյ÷
һӱֻ˲ȫˣ
ϱһۣ˵ʲôȴȻ־ζ̼˵ԿǶ˼֡
÷ӺֵĿվԱ͵͵ֵСӣװ㻨࣬һ
ȴֵ˼ûС
һ֪ϱƽʱûµʱͰĵЩС
ɹ㻨ݰɣϺ֮ģˮ߹ĥá
Ҳͼԣÿζܾˡ
ȴ֪СŮʲôʱ÷ӣ
˵ʵƽʱԲԡᣬ˵θҪǣһŵоҲ̫̼ˣ
ʵûʲôͷ
ȴȻáⶫе˼
÷ӲûˣеĻõЩСַ֡ĵĴյϱ˵
Се㾪ȣû뵽žȻҪ
÷ʵһԼġ
÷⣬ǴŹʱϵġ
һлЩӲˣ˵һС޶ˡ
ղųǰ
Ǿɻ̫˲һη֡
һǣӦһֱƣĻöġ
Ȼ֪Ż᲻Щоб޻ɡ
÷ӵζֹ½廹Ǻõġ
֪һ򲻰ͺʳóԣ϶ɡѾͣһ
ղŲŻ᲻һ˿ЦӲһŵ
ûԤеİѵǱ佱ˣʵǳСϡ
룬ʵĵ˵ͷУǲˡ
жöٰɡ̾˿
Ȼ֪ࡣ
ʱ˶ֲû
ȻϱôǧĴţ϶ǺϧĶƽʱҪ
Ǿ۲죬սʿ±Ӷࡣ󲿷ֶûȴľ
ºһˮ˲
£ûлʱֱӸ˷صܶСԳŵúࡣ
Ȼžȥ¶ĿǰҲûиõĽ취ֻһһ
˵ҪСؼҽ޵÷Ӷ˳
ȥһҲô˳졣
ôأ
̾˿
ȡ֮һСϸгСʢһô¸˹ȥ
Լٴα˱¨ȥ˺ɽ
ղ˸˵Լ֮ĸܣҲ˵ھӪսʿǵС֮еܡ
÷ֻô֮࣬ǰʱҲû뵽Ȼó
÷ûˣɽʰ
¶һͨͨģȻ÷ãôСҲյԡ
ɽæ˺þãժ˴¨ʡ
ɽʱ򣬴ԶͿվڼſڳźɽķ
һĽ
ڵԼСӿ˽Ų
վſڸأ
һɤӡ
û䣬ѾȻӳ˳飬һţżСίĳͷɱ
һһ£㣬ϵǸˣһ㡣˵˵Ҫٸһӣ
˵һ䣬ӵԴ˿ǻ


49 
ٸһӣ
С, Լˡ
ɶϸ룬ѾСͲһֱ
æס
ɼ׼ǱͻȻ˹ȸײó˺ü
, ô, ú˵
סͷǺ, סȲֵĶ, ۵ĺġ
󱦵жûôʾ׽ˣ
ϴԼ, մСһߵʱ
㣬˵Ǹӡ˵˵žͿʼҭ
ıסС, ѵõıʾԼķҲҺͶ椵, Ҳñ˸
˵˵ţӾʹ۾
Се
ȻŴ˵Щ
ŵ˽, ĲһͷԷ, ˺ŵһӵˡ
Ҿ뷨, ҲԼһ¡
ֲǸʮǧղż档
ɾ㲻ţҲȻס
ȵ, ųһټһ, ô£
, ߣһȥ
ָĨȥ˴ϵ, ¨ȥ·һ飬źӾȥ·ĵط
ûߵǰǱߴһЦ
ȻͿԼһıŶں塣
СѾͷšž, Сȭͷڵļʹš
Ϊ˵ĸ첲, СԼҹŮı, ȴվǶ棬Цǰϵ˿˸
¬ƽ
֮ǰϵǸų
Сǰ˵ӡ󻹲ı飬ǵøȫʧˡ
뷨¬ƽһ㶼֪
Զ;Ϳʼ֣СٲҹŮͰˡ
˵ŻĿ߽˵ĴϣźǻûвɾۣʱԾӴһ
ϵЦˡ
ǰɣ󱦣Ҳˣ
һֱ¬ƽƺʶԼЦˡ
æСǸСԲ𣬶ԲҾǺſЦû뵽ӻ档
Сû
ǰ˵ĻѶ椸˹
СѾͷһ˹͵رĲӣϣ棺ҲҪ˵
Сûп̧š
ȻһָĻû˵ɻ¶ŷŭ
ǸһͷȫȻ֪Ҫôϱֻͣý˦ǸΨ²ҵĶͷ˾
Ǹų˸֡
ô˵¬ƽæͷ
ԶԶԣСҸһС֡
˵ţվģһĬСкƵ˴ǰ
С˵ףСһ㶼١Ǳʡˣ֮ǰɽϴаꡣ⵺û˭ġ
Ұ㵱֣Ժ󰡣һר
Сע⵽Ǹӡ
һʮҵС
Ӳߣֺݣһĺ޲װľɺ
ƣѾÿɫ滹кܶĥСܹ͸ǿкƤϵ⡣
ȴϴúܸɾ
Ǻӵ۾ʹ󱦶һҲһȫСӡģβе
ͫ׺ܺڣⲻһ顣
֮ǰӦúܲãݵȫûһ⣬΢΢š˾ͳеȧǺܸߣһе׵ģ
֮һȥϲĺӡ
ʹڱ¬ƽܣҲûһЦģ
ôƳСһۣǴк
ȻͽĿͶ˱𴦡
ӣСΪʲôԼҵӻôų
ӦǱ⸱ģˡ
кı¬ƽҲеΡ
Ƶ̧ףӡҴ͵ߣԺ͸һʲôֱӸ˵
˭Ҳû뵽ǣ⻰кȴȻܾ
ܵͣȴΪᶨҲ
˵̧ͷ¬ƽҲסҸӪסᡣģҲᵢȥջҲ᲻¡
ô˵¬ƽıһ˲ľᡣ
ȻǺܷĽôСĺӷھӪ
ɶûȰǽ׵кѾ߲֪˭ŵǣת·ߡ
Ƕһ֮ǰҪߵʯû˵ŸͷһŲȥһǵʯԱߵĶֳϡ
⺢ӱŴңĬͷţƺķʽ鷳ҲҪ˵չˡ
Сһֱʼնûк˵һ֡
Ψ֮ǰӴ󱦺Ͷ߾ʱ򣬵ضһ䣺еҪǵġ
ڷЦò̫˵¬ƽûڵ϶ж֮͸뿪ˡ
ĪôһϷСҲû֮Ҳӻ˼ҡ
źϴ裬εһѸ֦̰ѬѬͰСһӣҲǳ
ʵӣ̫߸ߵĹţһҪɽ˼ûС˵Ӧúʱ
ǣղžôһ򣬶椵ĸ첲вϣѾӶ˺ü
ģ۵ƤϣȥΪĴۡ
СʵǺ£ûҵʵƷ֮ǰ¶˾Ĳ˵ġ
ϻʱŴ㡣
Ȼ̻еۣܱ֦Ҫ˺ܶࡣ
СſЦһ£ûСҲǸͷô˵Ҳһ
ô£С˰ˣʵ
̾˿˵׵
⺢ӵʵʹ󱦶椲࣬ǵˣȻΪ˱һ
ֲһ
ĸײǾˣһͨ
µʱ׺ʹ˼һ׼Լҵ洬㣬ɴҪϽġ
ȻҲ֪ôģŴ𣬷Ҫõһȥ棬˭ȰҲС
ʱãҲܲסĺͽҲˡ
źӣ׵ԭûȥԶǡһȺ̰࣬͸ȺԽԽԶ
ӦʱѾƽʱĻԶԶˡ
׵ػûȥԶ˴ˡ
ˣˣŴץסһϵĴ壬ںƯһһҹƯɽ
ʱɽûפ
ǴûˣҲûа취ʹϵ׵ΪҰˣȫɽժӣץҰΪ
׵ںϵʱȱƣѪ˰Ѿֲסˡ
£Ӳҧʹڵϴ˶ʮ죬ֱƿ;ԼĶŬȫ˲ʮĶӣ御
֮󣬴׿ԼӲ⵺˲߸µʱ䡣
ȵһפϵʱСһ˵ˡ˾ץס˾ҧǸ˵Сޡ
¬ƽ˻ȥԴܱһһӲңڰһ˼ҡ
֮ǰȫΪǸѾˣﶼסˡ
ͻȻֵĴףӶ䶯ˣҲȫѡ
ʱ˼Ķвģ˭ԸôһʮİСӣ
ܳԣ졣
ǴǿаţÿҴĸ¡
иɲڵʱЩǶӦˣʵ϶Դôֻ֪
¬ƽ˼ȥ⺢ӣ״ڵϸոձҵʱ
ŭ֮£û˵ֱӽ׸ӻ˲ӡ
Ϊһ߲ӵָӹ٣¬ƽںϵӱ½ػ
ۣҲʵûа취Խ
ԴʵҲǱίиίиǸŽ첻֪ҪȥĶӡ
ڿһӣرڿСչ˴󱦺Ͷ椵ӣ¬ƽһӾ뵽˴ס
ټ¬ƽ˭֪СӶɽϤ̶ȣҲûеڶܱȡ
;͹ˡ
һС֣һҲæŵСӡ
¬ƽ뷨ʵܵǾô仹СҪиϸĵտš
ԣղϵʱƿ˸Ц
˵ԺҲô׹㺰ϱˡһҲһȺҲ㶼Űɡ
ôҲû뵽ôһЦȴǼ˴󱦺Ͷ椡
͵ģ椵ͷ쮣ѾӾܻؼҸ״ȥˡ
¶ô¶ûһӣ¬Ҳû׼׵ȥʱѾˣʲô֪οǰ
⺢Ӹٸ˽еġ
ңʵǿ¬ʲôĶ¬ڳ
еҲֻ¬š
⺢ӵࡣ
¬͹Ҳϣտ㡣ôú꣬һ䡣һ취°š
Сû뵽ǺӾȻһ
˵ĻҲܹΪʲôô裬ȥôˡ
ˣ˼һʵ
Ӧǿʮˡ
ʮˣСǲ졣
ǼһС壬֮ǰΪʮꡣ
Ҳ˵ÿܻٴһ㡣
ʮеԾ
ǰܿˡ̾˿
ô˵СĬһ£˵ͷ
֮ļ죬׹ȻԼŵһÿһͻϵСǼҡ
ˣͽһɡ
ˮ𰡣ɵֺá
̫磬ǻû𴲣ҲȥôĬĬԺ棬ĵĵȴš
һֱȵСųٻ񡱽ȥ
ҵԺŴ
ü֮С޿ˣŵԿӲһѡ˺Сһڸҽˡ
ʼʱСΪ¬ƽѴ͵ԼæտġɼĽӴϲķ֣¬ŸԼģһ
ֻ
˵ɽϣ⺢ȫܹƵʦ
ͺĵһ죬ʹСҵâ
ֹһγԵġ
Ĺеһ̣СãԼеĴףͷϼֱ˹⻷
⻹㡣
ڶСʶ˰Сʱ֮ûסѯЩҪʲô
СȻԼ뷨ȫ
ʲôҲû˵
ɵڶʱ򣬱ȴһ¨¨¨ӵСۣ
ޣӲӣСĿɿڴ
ֻ˵˼̵һ仰磬͸
˵Ͱִˮȥˡ
ȫȻûע⵽СǿһĿ⡣
ϲ׵Ǵ󱦺Ͷ
ڸţƤҩһģҲ
˶ĽǿģټϺϲС档
ԴӴ״ҵâһɽ˺öҹ˶椵Ĵ£ҲѬӵʹ֮Ѿͷٿ׵Ǵ˹⡣
ƨƵ׷Ŵ׵ߣ磬硱ĺڶ
СʹĻһ£ƺӡҲûйִ
Ϊʵ̫ˣֻҪһ۾һһҴ׸أȻʼѰˡ
ټʵ̫ȣСٴôһСܵʳȥԷ
緹ǺһԵġ
ԭС˼һ£ܴܲӪһ̣Ѵ˯ŵ˴
⺢Ҳסڼˡ
׼Ӧ
ӦǵʱԴ󱦺Ͷ˵ĻСʵһֱںעıźԼһ˵ľ롣
ƺ̫׽
һ㣬СҲûʲô˵ġԼִܹôأ
οһ˶ĺӡ
Ҳû뵽ǣΪһʱûһֳһ¹ʣûаȫӪ˶
ܹ֪СģӲҲð⺢Ӹڼ


50 
, ʱ˭Ҳû뵽ҹȴ˱ꡣ
ܴ, ڵ, žž˯˵, Сȫˡ
, վڴ⿴˰, һݡ겻ͣᵢ·Ľչ
Сȴ͵͵, һµ, ٳһ٣ҲЪ
ô, һֱ, ԽԽơ
, ƽʱ𴲵ʱ䡣ûһ˼𴲿һۣ̾˿ɻشϣ۾
ǣһΣûСԸ, ܹ͵һС
ûӣžͱĵɽ졣
һųʯڵӪ, Ӫ, 㿪, ײˣ
һ仰˵, ٿСҲ۾
ô£ſٵ˴ܳȥʯڿš
СҲ
ʯѾܳ·ͷȫʪˡ
һŵĶ˵֪ϨƵʱڣ𴲾ͷӰ
һ೤˵ıӱȥ뿪ʱ䲻ˡ
ӪҼᣬûӰ˵ɡû١£ǸСĶȥˣһû
һ˵źСȫըë
ӪϾŵϨƣǿ쵽ʮһµġ
һСӣʲôҪôţ
ңһҹ飿
Ӫס᲻˸ˣʯ˵һ䡣
˵С￩һȻһ¡
ɽһɽǵɽ緢Ĵʯͷ
ֻһƽɳ̲طȫ᾵ɽ¡
ʯͷǱߣһ˹ȥȻˤˮҲǲܵ¡
ûˣػһСԼûվˤȥ
С˸
ȥңŴһתͻݻЬ
СɿܽȥץһһԼϡ
ü
ҲȥȻڼ룬µûšС
룬Ҳû
˳˼ţСŸϡ¼ˣҲȥҡ
ǲҡ
֮ǰ뻹ǲģרȥѴѣپ˼䡣
˵׸綪ˣҲĵĺܣҲ֪ʱԲҡ
ɽ¸Ͻظ֤ԼһڼҴţῴá
Ȼܴ󡣼ʹͷҲ˲ܵ͸ʪ
Ѿ˲СˣʼٵĲ
ȫӪ˶ֳСֶӣѲԱ֮⣬ȫɢɽߣһЩźѰҡ
û˸СֻҧɽȥСֶźɽĵҡ
侲֮СѾŴ׻ˮˡ
֮ǰСӶ⵺˴꣬㰲ȫʶûС
ֻǣСӵȥĶأ
ȥʲôأ
ʯ㷢ִײ˵ġʮ壬ȫӪսʿͷɢѰСһˡ
ɽ꼱Ϻɽʵûпƽ˻Щ֦·ɽʯ˰֮⣬һûбĸܡ
ʱЩȫ谭
ïܣû̫£ĺܣܼȵ;˻˾ﶼǲصһӣﶼ塣
ɽʯǻɽļѳ̶ȱƽʱϺܶࡣ
ʮӵʱСͱʯڸˡ
ΪҪһʮȵĶ¡
ֱֱµʯͷ£С֪֮ķˣ֪ʱԼ־ҡ
صңҵĻһ·ͷûвСͽ˳ϽȺĶ
Ȼ°϶ˣսʿǵķģԼ˻أ
Ǹ˲ʡĵĴף
뵽ӣС֪۶һЩһЩ
ɲҲѾ¶˾ģԺҲսʿסӪˡ
Сʵ̫ˣԴﲻ֪춼ĥʲô
ǾԼˣʲôˣʲôȥɣȥȴùܷա
û˶治С
Сڶ벻ͨôѲߵսʿԼӪȥأ
˽ˮ緹һֱȵҲȻûл
˶ˣ￪ʼƲסĺ˼롣
Ȼʹ׵ĽӴ࣬һĺӣһǰεĺӣ
ȫ޷⺢ӻΣյĿܣ
ʵסȻȻ£һܵſڿ˺ü顣
椲֪׳ˣһֱΪΪû
µڼֱߺߣҪȥӪҸ档
Сͷһɡ
Ȼʣ϶ҲšãҲʱʱҪȥƳＸۡ
һֹ
ĿҪˡ
ĵӵʱűġ
ʱѾˡ
˵ʯڴŵǸСֶںɽһʯҵ
ʱŸգһˮ͸ʪİŽҶĵϣ²֪
űڻĴ۾ţ·ȫϣС࣬촽ȫѪɫ
ֻɫĺ죬ʾ˿¶жߡ
ӣСҲ˲ñˣץƽõ̺ӣһѽסȻŵӹ˴󱦵Ĵϡ
ʱƮƮһ٣̵ʶӵжݣ
󱦶ҪһЩ
Ѵ׽ӹ֮󣬾ʹȥϴ軻·ȻԼȥˮҪﺢӲϴ
սӷ£ʯھָ˹Ŵ׵Ļϴ·дӪҩ
Ѿ·СûоܾҪײϴҪ
ϾǺȻȥСȴȴǴ˺ü꣬æϴҲǺܷ㡣
ʯڰæ·ʱСʳԼʣǵĶҵģ⺢ôҹԼһܵǵطȥˣ
ôʣʯ̾˿Ҳû뵽Ǵ׸׵ļաҲҵʱ뵽ģǸɽĵطԶ
Сʱ𾪵˵ˡ
ʯǾӪΨһһ¬ųһϵˣҲ緢ִ׵һ֮һ
ĻǣʱǷִ׵ʱ⺢һߣ˵Ҫ
ͨѯǲ֪׵Ѿдˣ⺢˸ӰѸ׸˵ġ
ɽĻֳʪȣʱ£ʵûа취ٽ׵źȥ
ԣںͺ֮ǽ׵ķɽϣһɽ溣ܹңĵط
ʱ̫ã˵ʵʯڶˣΪԭͶԻϤȫǲô׵ľط
ǸСɽҵ׵ʱһƳƳ˲ԶųΪдĹ¡
ӣ˵ģȥʱ
ңҪҲôʱ䡣ʯһڵ˵
ССһ̵գ֪ʯҲûá
⺢£Ǳܹסģ
ֻԭʹҪ㸸һްɣ
пܣôʹĴӦ¬ƽɽǴ鸸׵ġ
뵽Դ׵ۺͷָ˼֡
СӵĻǴĽĽġ
׵տȥڣɳҩֱСźźϡ࣬˰ͷ󣬲˯һڶˡ
Сǳ͸꣬ð˺ü졣
Ϊˣ׿е飬֮ļܹоСߣҺӣҵߣɸɻ֮ǰҪࡣ
ʹȻûжŵһʰ
ȷû֮ŽߴӪ
Ҳ֪Ǹ˵ʲôʱ͸͸ģ·šˮ
ǻ࣬Ǳѡ
ɼʹȴѵûһ㷴ĸŵԼϵǸװ·С
Ǵͷɥȴֹģʲôŵ
СûʣȫʲôҲûпԼķʽȥ
ȻǻصûһʯھʹżսʿЦſ˸ߵʹͰѴ󱦵ĵ˴ˡ
Դˣ׳Ұ˼ҡ
ϺŵһרһܺϵĵһĻˡ
һԿȥʮŮǷޣ˵ѧĹʦ
һЩǵ֡
ǶԷ޺ˣѡ˱ȽϿᣬǵĻ˵Ӱˣ߼·
ͻСһѡ˺ھӡ
λѡǼǰŵһ׷ӣǷͬңһһ䣬ոպá
ǸԵһС̨̨ǿʽģһСš
ͨСż·ߵҡ
С⵺ѾЩˣȻ֪⵺ϵĻɽ
רϵȻüд豸ȫ֪ɽǱڿ˵ģһǳǳĲֿ⡣
жҲŹһˣÿ˶һĸ豸ʣ죬ǲֿûװ
Ѿȵ춼ϲˣżǺŵ̸Ȼǻźӽٶ̫˵ԺĲֿ⻹Ҫٽü
ЩСޱȼ
ȻûпͨҲܹĳò˶꣬ɽҲĲݴһᱻ٣
뷨СԽҲ˼㽡
רˣרĴԱȻҪϸڿˡ
Ҳû̫࣬һ춼ͷڳ׼
רԱǲӪʳþͲ͡
ڸۿһӵС¬ƽרŸ롣
֮ҪΪר䱸רԱΪǵĹʾġ
ǵﵺ֮ǳأӰӵǳ̬
Ϊ˱֤ЩӪܹϣΪЩڵӰ칤ԲҪúóԣʱҲսʿһһֻӦ١
¬ƽҪСҪ֤ʲôʱ¯϶ȷרǼҪӲͣҪ̵ʱ䱣֤Ӧ
ԣڰ֮󣬴°೤ƽѯҪרʳðĶʱСϾͰԼҡ
ֻܹ洫浽
ԣǼסѾ˸졣
ס޵ĵطûжǳˡ
˲˵̨Ҳĵ۸ĳ˫ۡ
ˣƽĵִŴ°СսʿڿųصĵطһСú¯
ƽʱõʱǿľͿԵ̨ãҪǰá
˳ƽ˽ǼĿյذСҪΧһԺӡԺٳһطֵ߲ʲôģժ֡
ҵѡľһףҲڻռ˱˼·ĵط
Ϊ˷ר˳ԷƽȦԺӵʱֱӽŵ׷ҲȦ˽ȥҰǸ᷿ȫͨһ󵥼䡣
ͬʱĸʮһԷ
ʱƽǽ̸ôСʵһ㵣ĵġ
ϾֻһˣΨһִ׻ǸСͬʱô˵ķ᲻еǿ
Ⱥ˵˵ϣæ˼֮ԼϹˡ
Щæ
˵߸ͬʱͲˣһգͻɣ˳һٷ֮Ҳû¿ٵʳóԹ
ÿ춼ǵˣʹ׽͵ǵоңһ˴Ҵҵܹˡ
С֮ǰ˼гĺóӪĲ˵ڱݹȥ˵ʱҲרȫˡ
ǻ˼򵥿ܳԵĸ
ڿͻģĵĿȫǵĲ˵С˵ʲôζ
ڶȺɰ˸𾴵ͬʱҲ¶˾ġ
ҪԼŬ֤ǵӪҪڷͬʱԵġ


51 
СϺɡ
һΪ²ñ, Ϻֱ̯ʯɹ֡
ΪרǷڰǰˣ, , һӪģ÷ǳþϸ
ƽͳѲߵսʿǶкðһЩϺ
Ϊɽǽֹ, ʱȽҪö, ƷҲõö, ȫ⡣
Ϻ֮СżӴʵ, ϴɾǣȥϺߣȻˮ̡
ⷬ, ׺ܲΪȻ, վԱһֱ˵˷úӡ
Ȼ, ܴ˵
СúСһϻ
⺢Ӻ֮, ٻָһС, ڳˡһָȴֱӴӳĬԿ˵ӡĽ׶Ρ
ԵС
Ҳ֪ôЩǽ, , û´Сܡȵ˵, ץˣؼҡ
Сʱöʼʱɶµˡ
˵㣬ؼǲڰ
ԱƲ죬ָֻһӣС
Ըʹ󱦲һءȥ°輸ʯȻ̧Ϫϴɾ
̫ʢͳȥɢɢʡҡ
Ĺ椱绹˷ܣظ˵Ҳܸɡ
СͷĻ˻֣ȫ˳ȥ
һӾ徲ˡ
֪һɹϺɵʱǲģҲƤ
øרǳԵģȫڵһλ
ͻ䶼ˣȻǲ˵ɽӴôãȻ֪λ˸ϲһĶ
Ƥ֮ӦøǵĿζ
̺ˮϺһ̯Сʼζϡ
н⣬ǣΣֵ͡ϷСȣϺ⵹ȥץȣ͸ζ
߰ѲʰãǱСѾһϴɾ˵Ĵʯ˽
СҪ˽ʯڵϣȻԺҵĵطŰƺõϺһһ档
СóԼȲһĲӽϺסͽӬĻ˴󱦺ͶСġ
ץȥæʰ㡣
Ϻ׼һ⡣
ȣҶһˬĶñȽ١
ټϣȻרǵĻʳһҪϺܶ࣬ʳÿҲôһ
Ϊθھ峴ըҲʵڲס
⣬嵭ӪԵʱϹһ£óӵӵ£ݣζҲΪ
ѣΨһ鷳¶Ƕࡣ
ÿƽʵ㣬㣬㶼ʲôϡ
һС׼صĴ
õ㱳ٴ̵ƬȻһֱӵݸ˴ס
ΪǵһˣСֻǼ򵥵Ľ䣬ͺĿʼ׹ࡣ
εֺֿá
⺢Ӹܹ˷ĵġ
ͺڣô˶ţڹεͬʱϸĵĽżһ̣ȫ
һ㲻˷š
ڴ׹ʱСѾʼ׼ζˡ
ΪͻⱾζʵⲢҪ̫ĵζϡ򵥵Σ۾Ϳˡһ׼Ƚ鷳ǾҪõ֭
ϸĩˮݳζˣȥֻζĽˮ
׽κ֮󣬵˹۾ȫҫ
СһݹС룬͵ԴߣһѣȴݹµڰϿʼٴĶϸ
׾ȵ춼ϲˣ۾дɡ
˼ԡѾεĺϸˣΪʲôҪ磿
⺢ӺһʱܷɣʱСҲ˵ͣ
ɲ֪ΪʲôһСһ𣬾ĪĻен
ͺһӵʣȴƫƫһҲʡ
С֪ĥϵĻ⺢Ӷ˻ȫɾ衣
Ȼ棬Ǿһ߸ɻһĺ
Ҫϸ絽ȫһӡԽϸԽϾ
֮İѵϷŽȥԣһ߷һִꡣ˳һҪܵԡ
ʱĴףרעˣüΪ档
ڿСɻˣɴ˵ĽӹԼ
˵кӾоȻȥС첲Сȵģûһͱȫ˾
Сһ˲Ļ㱣֪ôľСʱոպѧͽʱ
ʱҲʹײɣ
ģǺӵԽԽͣ˵һߣʼһһ̵Ŵ׶ɺĲ衣
ˡΪһλǴɵģС⽫ӬҲ˽һ˸һ
Ǵ׸Լģòóԡ
ô˵׵ѵõĶһĨǲ߿佱Се޵ġ
˷ӳٵʱ仹ͦһֱС˷СһﻹĲУһȫҪȥרͷ
һ۽Ҫȥ͵ʳˣͷûʲô˵ĶСԴһӣͷĻƽСһǡ
ԶıӰ΢Цҡҡͷ
ѵõĿУСȥŷ
ɽÿһν׼õĶøʱҲûȥ
ĶҲֻǺԼķűãûô
ʵǣڳԵⷽ棬ɽԳƵϷǳãҪʲô
ټԷգϵ񣬱˵Ŷûл
Ū»ҲͲԴ
ŶԭǾΪ
˵ҶЩ縺Źǰרǣ˵Ƕ˳ŵġ
ܺЩĹûȣҲǽ߾ȫʷ澡Ϊṩá
ͺ£һһµϸӦռÿʳİٷ֮ʮרǵȴܹﵽٷ֮ʮϡ
ˣĴҲСףףƶЩ滨Ǯ򲻵Ķ
ĳϦദСֵôŴ
ȻÿĵʲôǵĹͨﵩֶĹ״̬
ΪˣСʵϵĹ
ͷԼӲӵÿȥרһҹʵЩæһӲ͵Ҫû
ԵķǾԲʲôʲô򵥵С
£ʾȫãòٴŷʲôʳ
ǱܵĶС˺ܶࡣ
ڣÿθʱҪʾ֭뻻ʲô
Ҫɣ룬ҪɣСӶװˡ
ЩҲòûóҳԡ
󻻵ľһЩʳͣеϹ׵ĵζϡ
ЩƷûֵʲô˶١
죬С룬һЩֵ֬
ϸϴʱһֱšӺ
ʼʱСΪ棬ŷ֣ԼֲָڵöݺƤˡ
ȻڹûжæɱϾһ컹Ҫʮ˵ͷ
첻ںˮϪˮȥʱָ϶һϸ룬ָױϻ˵̣ƤҲðֲڡ
꣬ʮʱƤҲûô⣡
Сٻеܵġ
˻ͣ뻻һЩĨࡣ
ֻһȰƴ˶ٵСӣӾı仯
ʱɹöҪ˺̿ˣҲһԼûбڣ
ÿʱ˶ᡰ⡱İַĵطȣǷǻѸٵԼʳĻ
ڣԼ֡
ȻǸ˿ܸûи˵ʵ϶Ҳɹòܿˣ
뵽⣬С̲ס΢΢̾˿
ʵҲʲôرõ࣬ѾͷͲǸӡ
ƽʱԼõĶʮʮǮڼͨĴڻ
ǰʱ=ģѾ֪ΧļˣֹǱȽϰõģʮǮһ޵Ĳ˻֭֬
ǶڶʱŻУ·ݵɽʵ̫ˡ
ʵСܹԼ
ڹ̫꣬˾ͱҪһáȻ긴һ꣬ոһյظͬӣӵļ尾
ʱϲľǵƸ࣬ˮƽܲ
ԼãͽãĹ£ͷĹŮҲкܶҪġ
˵Ҫõöࡣ
ɽϣůݷï˸ˮľʻҲúܡ
֮ǰȷӪıڻ͵㻨Ұһɽĳ
Ұգֽ̫вֵҰǣСðķӡ
ڣûԭϡ
ûԭϣ֪ʹйɹԱҲ֪Ķȥ
ⶫҲȻҪôЩأ
뵽ɵ̾˿
Сýһ̾ǰһ¶ࡣ
ֿһԼֲڵ֣öǱֵָġ
СϺ˹һֽ
ոһУͺȻж椺æ˳
Ҵүүˣ
һһƿԺš
Цеĸ
ϲûкһ𣬶ԼһģС΢һ£Ȼ̾˹
֪лҪ˵ˡ
˵רϵѾˣ죬λ˼һٷ֮ǻûм档
Ÿģ⣬ϸûüһ֡
ӣӦרΪġ
ȻϽݺûкʲôѣֱ椵ͷ˵㲻ǺԼҪȥ𣿿ȥɡ
椴Ӧţ˳ȥ
ϸǿϲֱӶСڵС֮ǰŸĻ˰ɣ
С˵ͷ
ǣܲܿ㸸׸µĶ˵ţ۾ȴһֱϵĺϡ
С󷽷Ľľժݸ˻ϡ
ϸĴ˰죬Ȼ죬ԼĻóһɫƵС
򿪣óһһģһľƣݵС
֮ǰǸľƣСпվͻϸϸĥģԺ޲öÿһľƣ˽
˿̿ϽݹֽסȻùҲϸϸĿ
ľڽӵһ˲̵ĸܳһֱŵǿһģһȫǳͬһľͷͬһ֮֡
̧ۿϡ
һĿǰһֱЯģͬľĿûŪĻһĿ֮һ
˵ͣһ£С鲻ң㸸ûʲôʲôУҾȷһݡ
ô˵Сת˷䡣
ӿռóǱ
ʱΨһóĶǸľӣûҪһ㣬ûİգҪ׶ʾ֮
ϽӹǱѾƷ˵СķţûзҳоỨ
СȪ֣Ȼߵʱֻʮ꣬ôֲ꣬ûʲô仯
۽ǣС̾˵
˵˼е㼤С㸸״ûиûи߹㣬ʵս
СãȻҡҡͷûС
ϣʹûйգʼֻ֪ԼС׵󺣣ʲôȫûһ䡣
ʲôϼʵ
Ҿͼǵø׽ﰢۣʲôҲ֪
ô˵õĳĬ
֪м䵽⣿
֮ǰĵʾСĸֽ󺣣ǴӽǱӻĵ˫ġ
Ļʾѹȥʱʮ꣬ŮСոꡣ
Լ޵ܽȪʵҪСüꡣ
ԣҲǵΪʲôһֱСԭ
ֲԣԭԣҲԡۿСľƣͨʱĽӴüۺԼӶеƣʵȫŵġ
ֱ޵ױд֣֮ǰЩǲų״ӻϵʧ
ʱеǸԼС˺ܶ޵ܡ
ڹؼʱȷʵ˵ϾͶϡ
Լ֮ǰȫĨøɸɾһۼ
ҲΪˣļ˲ܹǸƫƧСȹʮӣûбķ
ϵ̾ѣҲ̲סеܡ
Ȫܹٶ꣬˵ܹһƽӦûһݼɣ
뵽ϸӼᶨԼľġ
ľͬʱƵСǰ˵С㶼°ɡ
Сһ
æҡͷȫʣ׻ⷬ״Ӻ˵


52 
Ű, õĶҺⱲûжŮȻǽҵĶܹҺ˵, ҲҰһԸˡ˵
С֪Ҫôܾһ, ɵһ䣺ϣܸܲ˵һ˵ҵ£
٣׸Ϊʲôô꣬Щ»ô
⣬Ҳ֪, Щȥ, ҰѼڵÿҪ, ҵľʲô
ϳĬ˺þãȴҡҡͷ
Ҳ֪㸸Ϊʲô˵, Ȼһֱ㣬һĵں̸ЩΥ㸸׵⡣
˵ЦЦ, Ц˵Ŀɬ
, С, ¶֪в֪ĺ, ٵȵȰɡ˵ʱֱ仯˵, 룬û˵ڡ
ӲĳˣʲôʱҵСùˣʱһ˵
СùãڹڣСӵʡ
֪, ϵжһĨȻ
ôЩ, þһа취ҪԸ
ȥ, мҵСһҵ䡣
СãҲûаϢ
Ҳ֪ϵȫǿɬ
Ĭһ£СοЦҲô࣬ҲСùã֮ǰҲһЩȫ㡣ģҲ㸸һЩײȥġ
С͵һʹ
ʶ߬ס˻ϵ䣬ø
һеû϶ʱʪۿ
˼߬ס֣ƽ˺һŬ˱ǻĨᡣ
ȰĿº͵İһż˵úӣøӦˡֻԺǰôУϵ֪ԽԽá
˵ƺǰĹܣֽһ䣺á
С˵ͷ
ǵʮ꣬Ȼ׻ϻǸ˼
ȻɽȥͬԴһ㣬ƽȰɵǸʲôٶ֪һġ
˲ںһνԼδȻǸҪġ
ϱæһ˻ǳŴҳԷһɡȻ˵òˣȻ
ӲСǸľƣ׼뿪
ûոմӵվԺһ±˴ƿܴ󣬰ȫһ
Сһ˳ȥ
ɶûеߵԺſڣͱһͷ󺹳Ķһҽ˻
ڳˣˣҳԵûֺġ
һ£ײһ
ǻԱ߷һѣûԼĹŮײˤȥ
ϣ
СòУѵõķ˻𣺡㶼ˣôððʧʧģ
˵ţ֣һװҪ˵ӡ
һ£ԭһίĶ椶ʱͲˣ۵һ¿޳
ȥǣף󱦣ʹðӴ򣡡
һ߳ҭҭĿޣһߴ˵
⻹㣬קСĸ첲ӲҪſڵķ
ԱߵĻϿʵûסǱЦӴô۸Сˣզһͷĺүү
˵ţӾȥ椡
СŮˣҲƽʱǸɵСɰ
ԻҲڷˡ
š˱Լ˹ȥıסСȣӲԼһš
ڶ椵һڡ
ƽʱһ͸۲˵ﵫһ䣬˵һ䣬̻С
ҲˣԼôӳ
СֱЦ˲С
ҲŮԼײˡ
ô۸Ƕˣ˵˵
СŮ
嶼ǽӲģСǵúͮͮһŵĺôʣʱίˡ
ڷӣſϤĻĲصĿ
ǣ˵СϪߵңͻүүʹȥ档ٹȥҲˣǶˡתһȦҲˣȥǣƭС
ŮһίĿǣСԼԴһۡ
ڼ޶ˣֳܣ¶Ϳʼ
ǰ󱦵ҲǸصģرô˷ĵĺӡ
ԴӴˣаˣҲŷˣû¸ڸҰ
ǰô֪õĺӣиˣҲʼ÷ˡ
ӶԼȥ¶ҲһΡ
ֻǶ⺢ԸĺãٻˣֻҪǻ΢Ǹһ壬Ӿܺܿԭǡ
Σͷһ⡣
Сȥܺǵ£Ҳܲˡ
ֻĶ椵ıȰãǻðӳǡҪǲǶ椵ǸҾʹ飡
ôҲû뵽ǣûҪԼһȥҸ˼СѾͷʱۡ
Сšקס½⳶
ھȥʹܣȥͱѣǿӸ˵صĿˡô˵Ƕǻ͵͵ܣ
СֻԼ˵һ


53 
˵С, ˣ
æץסʣ֪ȥĶʲôط
ͱѿɲС¶ˣһ», һжأ
Ĵ̶Ǵصģһݵú, Ҫģ
ο⻹ڹµ, פҽûУҪʲô£ǰ˼ûޡ
Сû˵Ʋ椾ſܣҲоˣ
椸˼ֹ˻ȥ, ܵһߦȣ׷ǡ
СֻԼͻͻ, ȽŶе㷢޵ֱҧֻ޲ðСץס, һ٣
˵ô˵ȴƲסԼĵ亹ֱðôȵ죬ǽŵֽű, ĺ𤡣
ͨɽС·ƴܣҲ˲ú˻СŮܸܲϡ
ֻܵ, ۾סˡ
ʮңڵһ, ʵ۵ܲס, ͣڵĴ
ʱ, ǰȻһϲզˣ
󱦵ߵߵĴɽ
СʹĲһϵĺգգ۾ǽСӵ´һȷûֽ֮ĿͶ
أ
ǰʹš
Ȼ˵ʱƽɴǶྫĺӰ
̾Ͳе㲻̫
ĳ˼Сһ԰ȫľ롣
˵׸ںͷܡ
ܣɶܣ
˴󱦵ĻСĻһ¾ͷ
ǣ֪ѵܹˣ
֪ڹؼʱҪŵܵˣ
ܺ治Լ°
ΪδζôܹԶƽ
СԽԽֽŶе㿪ʼ
ӵĶûˣƲּɽϳ塣
Ȼ˲ûжʱ䣬ʵǺܶµġ
̸ϣ´֪룬ִܸɡûа취ϲ
ټ֮ǰľ֪ˣ˭Ӳһأ
ԣ˿֪ܺӸɳôһô˵ĵ¶С˵Ѿӽתɷŭˣ
ͷʹǰ塣
ѾˣҾԲƽʱͷ˵Ƕŭ
ڸоˡ
ֻ֨͵͵ĸɽߡһߣһ߻̲סزͣż濴´׸һע⣬ֱײϡ
ǡĲˡ
ССüͷţȫǵǡ
ҲֲǵԼˣǵĸҪǹײ
ɲܴﵽжܺӻľһײСĸǰ
ոչһϾҪһ¡Сһһ
û³أͼһͷϻ·İСһ߷ɿܣһߴĺУ𿪣ã
СһɤǺ̲ס
Ĵ󱦵һӦץס͵ԱһӲǸֻһܹͨСڳλá
Ȼ󼸺˲䣬СӾʹߺХ
ǰ󻹸ż˽еĴ䡣
ȻʱѾСˡ
Ϊ߻䣬ҲٰͣСӺʹҲˡ
ӲʮףȻԱߵһԾ֮Դ϶ŵ·ҵĴţֱǼȫˣŴ˳
СѾˡ
ڿô죬ϴĴ䣬Ѿ֪Ӧûʲôˡ
ŵǿڷŻ˶ʣµŭȴˡ
վһҲ
ĴվԱϾ˰죬ڻڨڨĳС˹ȥ
ʱϺͶҲ׷˹
˶ŵһĻȻ˵椾۾һߦȳ̵׷˹
ȻѹӵݵСǰʹ򣡡
һûסЦ
߹ȥڶ椵ϴһ£С˾Ψ²Ұ
椲ʲôҲҵģ֪ӦҪ硣
ܻүү˵ʲôִֵֽߦСǰ˴
ЦҪﻹԲˣС
һ仰û˵꣬СѾһѽӹŮݹߦȣָŴ׵ı˵
ֳʱΪ֮һ
󱦵һӰˡ
ϵЦҲеάֲסˡ
ǸɵģߦǼǸŵģˣǱ󻹴֡
ⶫŻŻСӻУҪĴϡ
ζ֪
ȥǱſšСŴףߦָָ·һһ˶ֵĴ
СҪģٴγҪֹ
ɾʱ׶û˵˹ȥҷǳϵſ棬˴
Ƶı˱۾ֻСӽҪ
СĽе
ϣܡҪǲˣһء
Сͣ½Ųһ䣬˵֮һûгɵߵߣǼһƨɣһߦȾͳȥ
۵ûһҧ촽ǻûпסһ
ȻſӣСƨɵǸʲôǹӳϳƵڳȫһ
۵һ¿޳
Ȼ֮ǰݰӵʱѹû뵽Ļһ档
ܹһѱסСȣ׸磬ҰɣҪԷ۵ģ
СĿһۣòӢۣһߴȥֵˡ
һ仰˵شһСҲǱסһ㣬ҲҶˡ
ղһǴ㲻˴кԼôԶ
СŴ׵ʵ
ڴǼ֮ǰ͸ءԼûɽסһҹȫӪȥ֮Ҳصļҹ档
˿ôʣҧ촽˵ͷ
ͷ˵
״ص
Ļû䣬žһһصشƨϡ
Ӵûһ棬һֻص֮ǰ˿ϣ
˲°Լˣȫˡ
һûпסһ
׸磬ˣ
ˣ椸ǿ޵ˣ㱻ʹıסɻƴҪѡ
һûһûиð̰աСּʵ
׵ĶͷȫǺֱۣͷж汻䶣ǼҲ׵ԽԽˣ÷ȥˡ
ʹֱĨһѣȻٴα˴ͷһ
áС˵ͷ
㲻֪ϧԼΪԼö࣬ʲô֪ͿȥԲѰȫ£
Ҹ˵Ǹ쵰һʲô֪Ļ쵰ԼģԼСûˣҿôȥȥĵ
仰һӴ˺صĵط
໵һؾʹ޳
С˿ûһϧӲΪسƨֺݺݳȥ

׶һ߿޵СȴĿƵ˴󱦵ϡ
Ҳ޵һѱһģ֪Ǻڣ׸硣
֮Ŀ̿סˣʶĳ˺üֻֽƨϡ
һǵĿһĻ
ţȻٴ飬ɿ˿Сƽд˼ֵֽߵĻ˻ȥ
ԼӣСһϻûУֻߦȳŴ׸ղſλô˴
󱦳ҭţȴҲûΥС߹ȥԹԵſá
Ұɣûõܵܡ
״ӵվ·ϵ飬˴󱦵ǰ
ĻСӶ˶ɵ̧ͷƳһۡ
Ǵôʱ䣬һοڽСܵܡ֮ǰСҪô֣ҪôֱӺι
ûнԼֳ˿ӵ˻ȥ֪ûõܾܵԺģڸվһȥ
׻ȴſŵĴƿˡ
֪ˣҺƴ׸ڷ۵ģҰɡ
ӣ۾дź£ȴǿ򶨵˵
С˵ͷ֪ǴĻȥô򣡡
˵꣬ŴһӾͳȥ
Ӵˣûȴ׸ϵü˹ȥѾˡ
գգ۾Ӧһڸоʹ࣬صĿ޳
ԼĶԼ֪
˵ǸçģǴ󱦾Ǹġ֮ǰȷӪʱǸ龫ǿӣӺƵת
ְġǡ˴ϡ
տʼ֪µʱСǻˣɿȫް֮Ѿ
΢ӣ̾еȥ
֮ǰ躢ӣڵģǿⷽûȱ졣͹ߵ˰ʳϰߡ
ǰЩӣȻֶ椵Ȼп
С
ڴһ궼ԲϼǵʱԼŮȻ˵û˵ȥ
⻹ĵģĵڵĴ󱦺Ͷ椻ڻڡ
ӹɲˣѺӻ¡˭һŮӵò룬ÿòжӰ졣
ԴӴ˺ʼϸӳǡ
椺ʵڷˣͻֱӻһ䣺ûˣˡ
ȻӶˣȻ󱦾ĥԼˡ
ڶӴ֪ܵܲȰ磬粻֪ܽáһСŴ󱦵۾ʵ
ԱߵĻֱ̫Ѩʵûסǲ޳ɵĵСһۡ
ʵǾҪһĺ˵̫ˣ
ɴȴĸ׵ע£ĵͷ
ҧҧĴ
žһȥûһ˿һ֡
۵Сһصһ¿޳
δĲˡ
һӵ˴󱦵ǰ棬øʵʵֽԼʹ֮䡣֮תͷһĿС˵ңûտõܵܣҴɽܣ
Ǽƣÿˡ
Сһۣջߦȡ
Ӧô㲻ؼҹ棬̽ҵĵߡ֪˵ĻʲôʱЧġŴ˵
˵ֿ꣬˿סֻһڸϣҸס´μӱ
ԶԶԣţš
ҵ˸϶æȰ
ĵĨһѶͷ߳ĺɿСߦȣε߬Լ
ȻÿŵһֹֻȥҪ󱦡
ٳǿҲһССδĳۣһξͳȥģ¸û顣
ȻֻСһѾ۵öڵϣվҲվˡ
׶ҪȥСһѳһߡ
ӱ˱ϣĬĬǰͷ
ʼʱ򣬴󱦵廹е㽩ӲܹоŬﱣž롣
ССƨ֮ȻģһֱסĲӡ
ܿ죬оԼӱʪʪģȺ
Сû˵Ҳûгȥ塣ôźӣһһɽߡ
һֱߵС·ͷϾҪҵʱ򣬺ȻڱϵĺӶĶĵ˵һ䣺֪ˣԺҲˡ


54 
ص, СҲ˲ʲôɣӿռóһСӣҪװδ̡
֪˻᲻´̡
ȴǵǰСѾͷڻ԰۷, ȰѴ̸Σġ
ôԺӹõĵط, Լܵˮһˮ, һ
׼öʱȴСվڵԱߣһŤȫûһҪ˼
һƨɣʲôˡ
װʲôҲûпӣˮԱߣԼڵָָǰ, Դ˵
һΣСʵʵĶǰ
Сˮ, ϵ۲˲ȻʼСӰķ̡
˵, ӦǴȥҽԺһ
ҲõҽԺ
ûе£ľֻ
˿ڴķ̲࣬еļҲɢ˿ڵΧûй
С˿
ëպˮЩɾ, ȻȴÿһݵĵطһСڵͶ˿͵λ, ȥеֲ
СӲ˲ǶĻܽ, Ӳ, һ, ϸ˿ӦĶҡ
϶ǲģԭ׼δ̵ʼһһⲦǸɫĶҡ
ȻѾᣬø˵Ƥ⴦ĲŪǷҲǿ֪ġ
Ĵ׺мӺӣֻĬĬҧ߶ûкһ
Сһﱻҧĵطڸ첲ڱڣӣǰЩλáȫ۵ĵط
ֵطһ£ȥȻȱĵطˣеĶ׵͸ˡ
ССĲţŵļⶼ۵ġ
´ۺӵ˴岻ɾûһͷϾͲϸ
ǿʼ󱦺Ͷ椾һߴˡô˵ҲԸ뿪СֻͬԶԶĿš
Сһ֣ҲǰڸȥһȫŵСͳһţۣǾ
ƳһۣСȻҲͦġȻ˵ɱ￴ɡ
ʵĶܸѧˡ
ɾС÷ˮĨĨ
Ȼ󽫷ЩںСڵİֽݵСӵǰ
׿һۣѸٵĽͷŤһߣҧҧ촽ȴһ仰Ҳû˵
ŵĿĴﵽˣСҲٺͺǽ档
ʵﵣĵҪܾõøϵʲôҩһʲô£ǾǴ鷳ˡ
ʱƿԺ˽
˲ȫվֱӣһԴӡ
̧ͷ˿磬Сսսߵ˵ĸǰ̽Եֱ֣
СѾͷ챻һ¶ŵùǺû˵һ䣬Ⱥۿ
ŵͷһСŮûһһ塣
ַ̧ԴϣһʹͽƵһߡ
ȫ̺ؽС´һһȾͳ˯ȥ
׺ʹ󱦶һۣͷ˹ȥȫŲӣֱͦ˼һģ
С󾲾Ŀţֱһϣ۵ײһĨЦ⡣
˲ʢҩ͵ƿˣ˵϶ǻϸϵӪȥˡ
ֱʱĲ
ܿ죬ʹС໵Ľ֮ǰʱҺܶࡣ
椺¼ˣæ˹ȥɲôţҲûһҪŷȥ˼

椴ֱ
۾ỨƴĳС½ǣҪϡ
Сʱôȥ˵̨
ʲôˣһڲ͸ƤСӴ򽻵ˡ
кĽǷִգ϶Լǿܶࡣ
ף椲֪
гСѾͷͿʼરવµ
ǣ溿ޣСԺǰδе
Ҳ֪˶ãһϷʵȻԺ洫ӴǸأϷأֵĺܰ
Сһ㶡
תͷȻͿһôҲû뵽ܹˣ
ôˣ
СѶ椴ϰǿæӭ˳ȥŷĵĻϲ
֮ǰȷӪԺĴСĹϵ൱
ɩӳɩӶ̵ģҪҲûǼһԻȡ
֪Ҫ뿪ʱСۿ
غȻˣСȻǺܻϲģ¶Ҫ׵ˡ
׿ﻹںأ
СͣԼȾ͹Ц
СӾǷʰΪôСҲҪˣ˵ţŵǸ˳ŵһԱߵʯϡ
һţСһ
֮ǰһ㶼ûڱȻôһ䳲
Ƿ䳲һô󣬳Բεģӿݡ˵Ҳ֪϶Ǳ״ͱǸ
˽֮רȥɽûˡ
ֻôͲ֪ˡ
Ϊ⣬ְҲ֪ͼɶ
һеĽ䳲ʯмơ
ءСЦŽһ䡣
¶϶೶תԼȤĻ⣺㻹û˵զˣǾһˣ˭һ𣿡
˵ţ۾Ʋסſڳ˳
ЦЦɩӱˣɩӿûһȷӪһǸŵڶϵԱһģһСʱǰյϲûפҽ֪ˡ
С֪ڶԱҪϵǲ֪Ҳ
Ȼ֪һûиʱеź˵ѾǾϲˡ
ɽ˵ʵҲ˭ġ
ܹѾǰ붼¶Ҳ̫ࡣ
ȥٳˣһԷźüأҸ㳴ԣ
С˷ܵسָָԱ߷ŵСʣ˵Ҫߡ
ɩӣɱæҸûüȥӪﱨءⲻҸ翴ˣҪҩͣҸŹû¡͵ûȥˡ
극ߣ
治С
˻ʱݵſˡ
űһֱſűߵСŮ˳
Сĥĥĸ
ȽڳҭĶ椵ݵϱȻһۿֲ¶
˵ȥʳóԡϵʱˣҴԷ
ˣȻæһӡ
ô˵СȻš
֮ŽĿٴСӵϡ
˵ĿӶˣȫҩζʱѾϹҩˡ
椷Ȼָָʯϵķ䳲ǵıԼɡ
ô˵󱦵۾Ȼһ֮ǰŵСһӾչ
ߵʯǰ־ȥ÷䳲һ˲ȴ̿
أûۣתͷףȫί
״չȥ˿ҲùŹ֣Ҳû뵽
˺һ󣬲ְѷ䳲ָָĳһ仰ӼӣⶫҲóԡ
Ȼ⻰ûаο󱦡
һ뵽ԼȻΪôǰǰ󻹱һ꣬һҲûš
Ӷʱ벻ˡ
ίСһһģҲǷ䳲ˣĬĬߵԺӵĽﱳ˶ȥҲ֪ʲôȥˡ

ϵʱһˡ
ûп֣һ㳦ӦǴӵġ
㳦Ǻö
ɽĶã̫ˡ
ҵĹӦ϶Ʊÿ˶кܾûгԹˡ
Ҳ򲻵ǹ˲
˵ɽسǵۿڣҲʮСʱ
˵ۿڣٸĲƷһװ˳Ҳòʱ䡣
ʲôôҲˡ
һвͷŵģĶ⣬Ҷܾûмˡ
ʣ޼ļϵ֮ûãŵһרһ˹ġ
ϽǷڷϣʵһֱڿռű浽ڡ
Сӹ㳦һȺĿת˳ܿһ۲˳Ͷ˳
Ȼ۲˵ĺüζ˶ߡ
Сĵġ
ŵľ²˳л򡣳֮⣬Ϊֲĵġʹ潫䳲ķӼˮˣͼ㡣
⼸Ӳ֮⣬׼˵ɫ֭ˡ
ټϷϲϺһ̳㳦ͷı׼ʵܸˡ
ȻڿôһӲ˵ʱȻ
Ҿ֪ѡҲûдˣСɩķ˵ɽˣǰ·ŵµҶԸ⣡
ô˵һҲûĴ·ŵµָɩӹȥզģզĥأ
һ仰˵ҲźٺЦ
СѵõûúǲһЩ˾ͽ˷䡣
æ꣬Ȳ˵ԱߣӿռóĻƾƸһ˵һ
ʣôˣǸ˰ɡϣȵҲûʲô¡
Ƶǰǹ·ģһֱΪϱϼҴģϧúܡ
ƽʱԼ᲻úȡ
ڿСóȴûһɡ
ǿȷӪˣҲ˵ĺܡ
ûкȹƣǳԹСɩݵзһŵζˮ̾ͳˡ
Ҹ۾ٻ£ȴ˼Ȼ
磬Ǹֻۺˣ֪֪Ҳ֪զģûһ̵ľͺȻðһ䡣
⻰Żûʲô飬Сȴһ
˵˭е㲻ŵķʵ
ǡ
һۣٺٵĻЦ֮ǰҸ̸Ǹֻۡ
Ļû䣬һƾͳԴϳ˹ȥ
̸ʲô̸ٺ˵Ҳ㣡

һƣȴһ㶼ûգֲ֧Цſϡ
֮ǰһֱüĳ΢һ㡣
ô£Ǹָ²ż갡Ǹˣܵ˰ɣ
СŲ֮ǰǵ¶
˵ûʲôеƣʼԼһ̣ҲͰ޵˹
Щȫ֪
ҲɣǸǿ࣬ӦûʮָôҲöʮ˰ɣ
˵ţ¶ţ磬ָ¶󣿡
׵ʱ򣬽ȷʵ˵ǸŮ˵һ㶼ᡣ
ĵһۣＸɱ
ŵǼһﲱһҲҺˡ
أ˵˵ô£
СʵһమԵˣɵסڵʵ̫˰
ÿֲˣǺͼСӴһ
ϺΪƽÿͶȫòˡ
е÷ùˣȻһ¶ʼ˺档
ο¶ǻˣ
ֻۺˣ
СϷӶд°ʵǰ˸Ӷš
զʹյһأ
Сɩӵ۾ȼգЩӣȴһߵСϡ
һʵʵؽ֪¶ȫ˵˳
ǸֻۺǵרŸȻ֪ôľͺߵԽԽˡһʱ䣬ǼֱǺͱ˭𶼺޵
Ҫ˵ܳһң⻹ǴҶû뵽ġ
Ҽǵûжãרһˡ


55 
ʱʱ, Ҳû˷ǹϵһ˭֪ȥûþʹ˽Ϣ
˵һҲ֪˼װ, ûǷӡ
˺εıġ
ȥӪɶ
ŶЩʲôŮϵûʲôȤһȥӪһ, ʱе, ʵ
ô, Եһ, ϵıһ˿ûڡ
̧ۿ˿ţĿı, ˰죬ɴƹˤĿ˿ڡ
ҴӦ̵ԱɶҲ˵ġҲҡҲַѾġ
ٷϻŲͷָʹһ, Ŀ
̵Աְͣˡ, ͷ˵
ɶСԾʵ
ͬʱ, 飡һһƺݺݵϡ
ϵĲӲ붼ĵ, µȥ, ȫŵ඼Ҫˣ
ô£۾, һ˲˲Ķ, СûмϬ
ԭҲ뿪ʵģ£ؿڣ͡
ȻԴ˼׼, ͷ̧, ӲӪӡôͷ, һ㲻ͣĽ֪ȫ˵˸׵
ûжãɩӼһŰɣҲֻ֪Ӫ̵Աˡ̵Ա˵˶ˣɶǰȥĶȥĶˣûйڡ
ž˼ɣ
Ȼ˾ˣûжã˰ˡ

СӾˣæʵַʲôˣ
Ǵ°СսʿŸ߳һСһںʯǸ
СǴ°Сģžʮꡣ
ԸرãЦеģһҲϧСʹ°죬һֱϲС
˵һүڹ⣬˵ϵ
˵һӾ̧ͷȺ˼ֱǲһ
˵ڣ֪ү˵ĴڣǼҰ˸ӶŵĹݡ˵ǵûôһ壬˵ûм
˵۾ˮţӪ˵զˣⶼֵǵɶ°
Ĭֻĺߣһѡ
СӵۿһӾͺ
ССսʿ׷ʣأôˣ
ǲԭˡ
仰ڣ˲üΪ
СֻԼؿһƣеۡ
˶ȼ
ɵһ£ʱһû뿪ǵȴǣرǵȴŵĻʲô
ôְͣˣʱֲȥģ¶ʲôϵʡ
˭˵أ
ٴηŭսʿѡζ¶ͱʱ϶Ǻϸġ
ⲻӦþ񴦸ɶʱҪӪԼȥˣ
ڵĽǣ˵̵Ասʿ˽ⲻ壬˵ôһΣյ˴°Ҫλϡ
˵̵Աְء
˵Ҫ˲ٱڻʳµҩǽ̵ԱǰףҪǹе
ҿȥİɣ
ôһ˹͵˾ȻҲñ˴ֿڣҪΪɶҪֵҩôȸҩҩǼӣ
֮λ޴ǡ
˵ˣС֪Ǳ˹
ûҵǣа޷йпܾͲᷢ¡
¶ûкǻͲһҪôһ
һˣرһսһǰɲְءĸһͷϣĻעҪˡ
ԺҲгͷ֮ա
Щ涾
Сû

Ϊ˵Щ£Ȼһӵĺò˺÷ƺѾû֮ǰ£ﶼǳġ
֮ǰɩӾ͸С˵˵ˡ
˵һӶѧҽģүү׶ǾҽԺĴС
֮ԻôһƫԶӪСԺһСС
Ҷղ֪Ϊ治̫ƽӦ˼ﲻú̫ۣԶһ㣬ܻġ
ڣܻܵɽˣ˵ȷӪѾǸܴĵطˡ
żϴ˯Сҡ
ȻͿ˱վڴԱ߳⿴ţҲ֪վ˶೤ʱ䡣
ǶȿǱӰȴС׵ĸܵΪŷķŭ
߹ȥվߡ
Ĭ˺þã̽Եһ䣺Ҫȥһ˵˵
ǷղСܡ
ȻûĴƣ˶֪ܹ֮ɽʵ˻ϵĸ
˵Сȥ˵ĸ׵ĸ
űϾᣬһƫԶ߷פصľˡ
ְֽλڲӵ˸߲쵼ߣ⽫ȫİȫ
ղ˵һΪ˴ί֮С㡣
ǣ˶׵ľ
ϾϵҲ൱εġ
ھⷽǴãλɺӹɵġ
ڱķ桪
СܾҲѴ
㲻˵ܹԵĸо˼ҵӲûֳôù
ȻС˼ɵҲŹ˼ɵġ
ô˵ҡҡͷáȥͻᣬ취
֪ʲô취СҲûʡѹͷǿʯͷȴôҲ޷¡
εĶǴɩӴһȷӪϤһ˵Цʱӡ
߻ƵҲޱȵЦ
ʱԼͷкôһƬա

ӷڳֽһƬĳݡ
ֻֽ֣ͣ֬
ԱߵģһĻ㣬Ϻʵڲ֪ҪʲôĻͺܷ֬Щʵļֵ
ʵʱһָоӶڴﻻȡʲôĶƺԽԽˡ
ĺȻַ˵Ǽֵǧ𶼲ΪҪԼṩĶȴԽԽ١
һΣҲôһϺͱҪĶȻƻһƿۣ
ֽĬ˺óһʱ䣬һо
ǣЩҪģܿܲҪʲôԼ룬д˼ܡ
ĸоܸжͬʱҲĵ
Դϴδӵ֮ͺͲ˵ͷ̸Щʴ߸Ȼÿһζظɡ
ͷʹͶͷˣʦʱһֱڹƷŵùҪǼҵʵ
˵ﻹ˭д˺ǳҲûˡ
ԣһ߲ʲô˻ɡ
ټֻҪԼŷһ죬ͷͱĵطҲʲô۶ӡ
Ϊʱ䳤ˣϻʹʵҲÿ춼ҪܶĺʡȻÿһΣÿεܴ󣬼ԽԽȡ
ʹӦͷ԰һЩòϵĶȥĹˡ
һγɣԽԽ˳˵ʵȻֻСĹ򣬿׬˲Ǯ
ü̳Ǯھһܲլˡ
£ôܹСĻжأ
뽫Լ÷һЩСӣܹоĵӸͿ˼
뾡Լܣ׼õĳʳڣԵҪԽԽˡ
ûа취һֻֿš
һСӳײҪˡ
ǲٸͺʣСһ֮ͬǰһȻʧҲˡ
ڵӶ˵ǵһλˣһУһ뵽ڣͻ̤ʵ
дֵİֽһεã
Ϊ£һ춼е㱣˹ץס˸첲һûзӦ
˵ʦ֬ﻹ֮ǰҵҶˡѽ㿴ǰõʱ򻹲ãûˣۿϵĿӶѿˡ
ְĻ˵˺ܶ࣬˼˵ʦ֬˪ĺá
еĻһҪһ㣬ǧҪ˽
»ǮҲԡ
ʼʱţԼ￩һ£ȻȻʣ
ʦ֬ÿһЩҲǰˣԶڹûôá
˵ʦĶСӣ᲻Ҳϲأ
Ӧûɣ
Ͼ֮ǰӽ֬Ҳûǣ
ҵĺ˵˼䣬ʹҴҸǻԼסСݡ
ӣ²óһӡ
˸־µƿƿ޹ޣһЩףֻʲˣϹͼס
Щıһᣬứһ¾͵
Ķʦģ֬˪Щףͼ׶ʦ飬档
ʦȥ֮Щȫһ²Ҵ򿪡
ÿһοﶼܺһӡ
óһ֬һõ˱Ƕ
ƿþúþã
᲻ðʦµĶˣҲЩ֬飬᲻һŵʱ䳤ˣͲˡ
ʦĶŻǲһ
ƿƿ޹ȫóȻĿһдֵֽϡ
΢΢һ㶣Ȼжʱ˾ϲĹ⡣

ڿڹƿƿ޹޵ʱСôһ˲ҲġԼص˹ȥ
óһƿǣϤ˼ζе˵ԼǸʲôζ
Ҫ֬ʱΪѾͷǰһһЩڹĴ·û뵽ȻԼЩ
ΪԼĶʲôʡ
ЩԭƷ÷ʱ䳤ҲŻ
Ѿͷֲã˱˻Լ
ֻǣͣȻЩٻепǧ
СǰڻʹĵλõĶȻǷǳõġرͣ˵ͼӰЧ
û죬ۼԼֿʼϸˣ֮ǰе˵ƤҲıˡ
͵Чôã˪תȻˡ
һַţСѹĵţĳһ֮Ӵյʹţʣϱ⵽ʲôˣզԽԽˣҿţСҲǰˡ
⻰Сͷһıϣ
ǰǲǺˣ㲻˵û𣿣Ĺĵʵ
źٺһЦȻܽĻ˵ĺϡࡣ
ûڣûڣϱʣôڣڸˡզ׵Ķ͸أ
˵ʵ
ΪڳԵĺˣҲΪˣˣһŮഺˮʱ
ڵСһһԽԽÿˡ
ͺڣ¹͸ϣƤ⻬ϸ壬ƺ⡣
žãϱϸϸɻҪ⣬Ҫ


56 
ɽļ, һֱһȡ˹ʱԵڡ
СһȻѪȥ˷ƣźȻ, Ȼһôȥ봺ûмˣ
һ̣ЩпԼոմЩ, ;ѾǺܾúܾǰ, һ
֪Ҳ, ֪, ȻϢĹȥ
ΪרٺóԵģء
ڵϵרѾʮһ, ˼λһûǵĹ, Ǻææ
ⶼȥ, Ϊǵרʦ, Сѹûа˸ȫ
飬ȫʵ, æòְҹ
ԽСԽ߾, ΪЩɰ˶ʲôﲻʲôæ, , ٳԵģ⻹Ӧõ
ƽʳʱ򣬺˵Լ˼ϣڲʱ򣬺ǽһ, ʲôĶ, ðһ㡣
û뵽, ո˵Լ뷨֮ƽ˫޳ɣܳϿҵܲܰרҵףӪһˣ
ƽ˵ɩӣóȫӪϵġȻӪû˳գɴҶˡ˵ʲôֻҪɩӵ֣ͻеζ
ƽʱҪרһ켸ٷҲܸȻ˵ϯ棬ҲƤһΣ°ɣҲлѧϰѧϰ
ʵ˵Ӫӵ˵һֱڣҲûиһʲôˣһ۸ӪҲ᲻ͬ⡣
ɩ㲻֪սʿҲ࣬ɵҲ۵Ļ
ƽ˵ĻСô᲻֪أ
Ȼ˵ӪֽӪɸɵĿɲֻѲߣЩ
ڣµĲֿѾʼˣȺɹš
ǵôṻã
Ӫ۸ɲսʿ˵ֵ˶ȥϰæ
ĸɵĶһ޷
ôӵĻ¡
֮ǰΪ̫ȣһֱ˲Сƽܲ취ӰŪ㼦Ѽ
ŪͷŪֻǾˡ
ɽû췴ɣҲû˻ǵЩʲôȫԸ㡣
ƽЦŸ˵û֡°ˣϢʱ򶼵ȥɽϰʯͷ
˵ͷըɽϰ˻ãģŪ첻Ҳŵòʳˡ
Ҳ˷ѡ
˵СֱӴͷ
ڣƽȻ뷨СȻǲ᲻ͬġ
֮ļû¾ʹһоŲ˵Ҳĥôܵİ޵ʳ⡣
ϾԺʣ˭ڿЩҲûʲôʳ
æ¶Ȼ֪ģҲͬ⡣
ֻر˵ڹǱѾҪʱ޿ԣռ̫֡
⻰˵СûһҲôġ
쿴ԼôɻƤսϣ˱ȸʱ˺öࡣϣϸǱײã۲ϡ
ôܲܣֻûа취ֳˡ
ɽĹ٣Уôȥ
СڽԼʱ䰲ŵúһ˻ͺһɵĻͶˣĴ°սʿǵľ
Լһ㣬սʿǾܶЪһһڳһȥذæǱߵѹҲһ㡣
һһʹ׻дȥתתܲҵЩ񵰻ߺ군֮ġ
Ѿȡѵ;ˡ
˻ûãž߹ÿӵϰߣһѡ
תͷСЦĶҲȥڼҴţ˭Ҳšǣʱ򶼸ȥ߽Ӳ
ڵʵȱˣź޲ð뵽˶ƽȥ
üļȥɻ¶Ҳһˡô˵˶Ϊץȥ˭Ҳûϡ
ֻСܾý˵ĺãһƴεļʲôҪ
⵺ϣһһ£һû
ľĶЩˣЩ¡
С˰Ҳ벻ʲôر鷢һæҲͰ¶һˡ
չŵ㣬ʯھˡר˵ȫҶȥҲϡ
ʲôʳʳ˰ɣ
뵽Сʱ˾Ҳ˲̫ܰ˵ͷɹΣñŵûþ͸˳ȥ
˸ոոϵۿڣСһ۾ͿվԼˡȻˡ
˲æýŲմզпӲˣ
Īǣ⴬ϳ˳ԵģǳҪĶ
ɶ
СԽԽͿûüʳԼеʣѾժͷϵĲñֱӿͷϡ
ôñҲˣ
Ϊϵ̫ʵ̫ˡ
ΪԷڵϵսʿǸɻѾñˣȫǶһũֵشĿܲñ
ÿÿ˵ⶫٲɹͷƤۡ
СҲһǸ¼ӹˣΧһɴȻһƣȴڵס˴󲿷ֵ⡣
ֽñ˴ãҲûнֱͣʣôҪʲôҪ
ҪĶҪˣ֪ˡ΢ЦţζĶ˵
˷ܳӣ˿϶ŷǳĹϵ
ԼӣԼһӶ
ǲ˵ԼҲʶ
ɳȷӪСʲôҲϤġ
ȷӪ
Ȼһ̲סٿȻ̧ͷŵˡ
ųЦеĵ˵ͷ
ģǴɩһҪ
СˣҲ˲Ա߻ˣ߹ȥץס˵ĸ첲ûƭң
ƭɶ
Ű߬סԼ֡
Ҳһĸп֮ǰҲûգ֪¶ܲܰɣûҸ˵һ⣬ջϲһ
Ҳǽϳٵʱӵ¬ŵ绰˵Ӧҵ¶Ұˣ˽油
ⲻһ˵Ҿ͸Ͻˡ
¬ŰæСѾ˺ͿˣҲȥ˵Ľͣʵ
šŵ˵ͷ
ϴ¬ʱҸˡ۾Ӫһֱڻû̵Աһֱû롣Ҿ͸ܲܰŪϱУ¬˵롣
¬žİһҸŪˡ
Ȼֻ򵥵ľСֲɵмļȻס
һְͣĸɲһ͵ɽһطְҪĸλ
жȲ˵ž޴ķա
Ӧ¬ƽһչ˴׵Ļرˡ
лл¬ţúúлл¬šСĶʼе޴ˡ
߶ţ۾ȴεĶź档ֻŲܹһĳǵ


57 
ڿվڴͷĴһ˲, Сֱе㲻Լ۾
û뵽ǰûмɩӾȻô࣡
ϴĻ֮ǰȷӪʱ, Сһ·
СڻãȴһӴ˺üš
ݣľ·Ǳʲô˸ˣ˿ȥûһ㾫, ˺üꡣ
, СۿһӾʪˡ
Щܴಢ֪ڼһ֮Ȼȫ˵ĺܡ
վڴϣʼʹĻ֣¶һЦݣƶչ˺ܶࡣ
󱦺Ͷ, ڿǿӺͻӵʱ, ʼе㲻ţȷ֮ͳ׷ˣ
໽, ûͣ, ͷһĳķ򱼡
Ǵһѣƶ椵ֱˤȥ
Ϊ̫ͻȻӪûü׼סĵطյĵطкܶ, һҾס˻ǸԱߡ
ҲǸһľ롣
겻ǿӺͻӶдͷȫ˴ӵˡ
ʼʱ˻м־нд󱦺ͶԱ߰˵ͣ, ܿҲͷˡ
ʱ, Сһеס, ԴӶҪ쵽Ժȥˡ
ףŵܵȥɽһһȥһпŵܡ
ǵĿС˻֣׷Ըһ䡣
ԴǴαСʰһ٣ڱ֮ǰ˺ܶ࣬ҲûǰôˡԼлҪĴ˵ͺʹĴӦˡ
ٳ֮ǰĵĸСһȫ˲ñ
ѾȥӪﱨˣֻʣ˴Сʵ̲סס֣ɩӣԺһԷɣұ֤ܰȫֻ
ֱСסʱ򣬴໹ΪҪ˵ʲô
ôҲû뵽Ȼðôһ䡣
һ£Ȼ˵һЦ
ǵСıһƣǿɩˣˣĶǳģɩӽ궼ʮˣΪһᣬϸƤģ
С֪ɩڹҶǲһͺЩ˰˵¶
γأ
˵Լѹ֪ΪԼԭһǣˡ
⻰˵˵˴ɩҲϡ
ֻܷ
һʰŶһ߼˵żҳ
еĽȷӪʶЩ˸߶ص˵˵ţ֪ôģƵֻϡ
Ǹֻۺ¶֪𣿡ɩʡ
С˵ͷ֪һ͸˵ˡ
ôһ˵һ£ȻЦӴ㲻˵ҶˣҲˡɲˣ¶϶˵
˵Сգգ۾Ķ˴ߵϣѵõĴ˼־񾢶
˷¶Ͳ֪ˡҸ˵ʵúأ
˵˵¶кСʱ˾˵ʵ֮ǰ񣬿Ҳ̸Ϻޡ
ϾһŴֱȥֻӮˣҲ˴ۡ
ȻֻǱ֯˽˶֪֯ɵʲôӴͬϼ쵼Լλϴ´
Ĺȥ͵ʵһʵȱлڸ쵼ǰˢˢһɼܿ챻˷֡
λϾҵҵϼְ꣬ĿǱȱҪϲ֪ٱ
ֻۺ͸ųϱϵŵ˵˻ĻôҲֲͷϡ
ɺأһŴֱԼĹûˡ
ȻطίԽӣȥҲһܷĻ
ֻʲôλأڲӣսӣ
ϵʵɣĵط
ĵһҲףǰ϶쵼Ƿˡ
룬תҵҲһ¶
Ÿ˵м֮СֻѾû̫оˡ
ֻɻİԼǰ;ˡ
ɺ˵һ𣬻һݺһԼͱ˳൐ĺޡ
벻ףǸŮ˵ôܹô
ǾʲôܹɲϧίһܵˣҲҪȥЩ£
ֻ֪ۼ޸֪һӰɣ
Сһصʵ
˵ĵ¶ˣıҲָ˼յľ
֪ô֪أ֮ǰһ𳵣ڼſڳһܣҸǸһ㶼졣
˵ˣ˭Ҳ찡ǽʱ򣬲ҪݽȻʱ֪ǸһʮĶӣ֮ǰ飡
飿һСһ
Ҫ֪ͷ˿ɲ࣬Χûм
ɲǣ
һǸ治Ǹö˵ԭȼҲµģǿѧŴũġ
ҵ˳﹤ûþԷ޸鲻Ϊɺµ˻顣ʱӶˡ
ⲻ֮ǰϷд֮
ӡСܸɳ¶Ҳûɶɾȵġ
Ǻأ
Ҷ벻ֻ۵ͼɶɲͼɶǼˡȻһӹüɹġк˦ֻۣ˲Ǵ
ֻб£СҲʮˣǸˡ˵üΰˣ·߲ɣ
˵¶һǳı顣
Ȼּ˵⻹ɶ㲻֪¶Ÿأ
⻹ɶСֱˡ
ɲ
˵ʴ˷ܵץסĸ첲Ҹ˵Щ¶ҪǴϷӶôдҪд˿϶ñǺ죡
ũϱ˼ϺȣѶӴ˼˻
أ
˼ŮҸǸбµģʡĸίΣ˼һΣһ¾ǸԼӱ
ɣҲ̫Ͷˡоܻõ㣬ƵĸίᡣҸһϵͳİ
Ķ˼ҵλȨأ
Ȼأ
СԽԽͦ
ȻԼһµĿֿܶҪһȫаˡ
ԽԽ˿İ
Ȼ󣬾ǽû೤ʱ䣬˼Ҿͷһ麯˵ĳɷαġ
˵ڴ￪˽ӣƲϸũҲǸũеɷһĳƶũ
⻹ܸģ
Сɵˣզô󰡣סģ
Ųɵ
಻мһ϶ǵ;ԼĳɷᱻԲ뷽跨ĵίġŵǶȥˣû˸Ҳˡ
Ūɳ׾Сһ䡣


58 
ɲŪɳ׾͵һĴȡ
ֱǰԼûˣ
㲻֪, ԭϱĸǺ޵˹Ҳ֪ʩ˶ѹǵ麯һͱְͣˡڶͱֱӴ, ˡ
ֻأСɵúʵ
ֻֻۣۿ϶ɰȷǳЪˣҲֵ֮ÿˡֱҷٵģҪ, ϵ, ֱǣ˵һƤҲҪƲϵ
أСԼȫܹĳһɹӡ
˵ŮııûУֱԽԽˡ
֮ǰ, Լ, һǲǸԼˣ
ֵĻںأ
˵üﶼЦҲ벻, Ѻû, ǰϱҸʹǰϱˡ
˼Ӻӵġ
ǸʱҲ֪ǰѺӹҩȻ߸ߵġ
߰ѺӴߣǱߺͶ˾Ҳÿʱ˷ֵ, ȻСϱͶˡ
ҵ죡
СٵĬһ䣬ź޺޵˵̫ɺˣ
ôû˵ôݵĻһСʵôġǸ˸
ɲǸ𣡡
˵Ҳ޵ֱҧ, ͬĵ˵ͷ
ҲȷʵԶˡ
ɲֻӺ, ˼һģ
˼˺֤ܶ, ֤֮ǰù֮㣬մǲݲ˵鱨ţǼǸʵһǱڲĴ=
˵ⷬʵ̫𾪡
Сֱе㲻ԼĶˡ
ǸòȻˣһ˵кϵǱڲӵļһԼųҺܵ顣
ǰٴĵ˵ˡ
ˣҲûκܹȵˡֻ۸ҲǵѪùˡ
С˵ͷ
˵ֻۣκһŮ˸ҲǵѪùˣͺǸǰޡ
ǸŮ˲ҲҵġˣҲ벻ģֻզˣ
զǺǸ飬ԺҲûк¡

һЦǸӸˣ
ӣĶӣ
С׸㲻ˣĶӸɶŰҲ𣿡
å
ܿ˿ѹ˵

˵˰ɶҲġǸ˭뵽ôĵ
ʵҲû֪ǰϱӶӣȻԴץҲûлعǸҡΪѾﱻ˺üˣɶҲûˡ
ǰŶľͰѼֵǮĶ˲˵ȻһǮһƱûҵʱͺԼڣųʲô˵ڳԵĶûСȫҸ㣬Ҹ㣬һٱһٵĴպϡ
Ǹ˭ӰԭͲǸܴϵģûмĻȥĺӡԵ˼ҹȥʱ򣬺Ӷˡ
ԭ˼û׼ֻʲô£ɿʱˡ
˵û֤ʱڼ˯ӣüζúӸˡ
˼軹ܸɣ˼ҶûȥҲӣֱȥ˸ίᡣͱίȥνˡ
ǶʱΪ¶ҲְͣܵأҲûϰࡣ֪¶ȥʱѾѺڽֵóʱˡ
˵̾˿˵ͼɶΪӲǰԼһӶˡ
СתͷȻͼ˵˵ǸֻҲǸбµġҲºˣ˸̾˵ģȻ󴫻Ӫ
˵ɽģررƫҪϣҪɽȥбһû˯һҹɽ·컹ûбſڵȣ´ʱ䡣
˵ǴǸʱŻˣ˵Ҳ±ɽϵҰ޸ˡ
͸˼˵Ҫұ˾Ͱ߰ɣȻһûȥû׼ȥͱǸˡб˿־Ͱˡ
ôϱġ
Ե˲ӣر¸Աþһа취ȥơû깦ӲǴһæСսʿȥ˾УȻ
Щ껹൱
˵̫С̫ӲĶõΪڳȥͽǸ
˵Ǿ䣬ɻ
ڿɺã¶ˣֱӾͱǲԭˡ
˵QôһȦ˲ͼɶ
СҲ֪ͼɶ
ͬΪŮˣʲô֣ﻹ˵ܡ
ҲǸˣֻǾûа취״
ǣת˻⣺ɩӣʲôʱӪģ·۵úܰɣ
û뵽ֱҡҡͷûǿûеôۣ˵ֱӴӪģһ·Ͽ湻ڵģƵǲǰûˣ
ǲǴĶģСǲ⡣
ʵжʱˣﶼء

С˵ĳ׺Ϳˡ
ʱǿҹ̵ĸϹġ˵ҲûȥΪֹ˵ˣŶû׾ŵŲĶɣ
ӦΪ˵Ȳɣ⣬һרȥѧ䡣ŶСҲת˾ˣϾġ
ȻָСһЩ֪顣
ʵڵϿչֳ͸ˡ
һļӲͲһ⣬һʵѾӡ
רǵղͱ׼ţϣʲôԭǶʧְ
֮ǰƽ˵ϵȻѾ˼ɻ̫ˡ
ԣ֯ѵһרŸֳֵصճ
һܹЭһֵרңиɲսʿǵճ裬ⲹѹ
⣬ҲսʿǵĹܹͶȥǵ
Ϊļһˣ滹кüҪ½ϵ
ô˵СŵڷŻ˶
ʼʱΪʲô˵ҪôһӸǳԷǻĲǿЦʹôˡ
ϴ˵Ϊ¶ǱŴֵģְͣ鿴Ҳûиλġ
˴֣ʸͻһûиλǲŸҪ 
ЩһߵĹٱΪʲôʻȱ˸ߣʵΪǵĸλҲΪһ¶ʮǮźӣǮҲȥ
ˣÿµĹʶô࣬ǼҵʲôӴݵʲô̶Ⱦܹó
ȻڳԲΪÿӹÿ϶ޱȵļ尾
˵Ҳת˾ǾζŲٸԭְʴָǼһٶһ롣
㲻κ˰æһӵҲԣܶࡣ
˵ŻȻĺɩӣɩӣˣ
ӦҲǽŵ֪һҵϢǹ˷ܾûйȥȴȥţֱ˽š
ϵĿģˣǱסͶҪֵ˶
Ŵһɤӣɩӣҿˣ
СΪСϾʶʱ̣ǰٻе˼ɡʹʶͷˣ˵ûһ˼ˡ
غԼһģһ
źһƨԱߵСϣҪŴ¶ٽһ顣
ıֿɱСʶˣŴЦ˵ˣ˶һֻùĺܡ
ţҲûоʱÿ죬ֱ߽һɻʣ壬ȥ°࣬զеҲûӰˣ
һ仰˵һ´ӵϾ
ѽÿģ¶ˣ
˵ţССɩӣӪ㣬˵β˲ٺöȥЩŵ۲͵ʱԡȥһЩʵģϸרǼӸˡȻôණҲ÷š
˵꣬һѽѽĽ˺üһİûڣӪ״ӦҽϿǼҲ䷹ˡһ£϶ҪƢ
ɩӣ˫ֺʮСʹĻ˻ΣЦ˵ҿɲŹȥӪˣԼȥɡһ˵ϲҹǲأ
һ仰˵ü˶Ц
СС˵ͷ㲻ùֱӹУɩأûԵģ
һӹˣЩȷӪˣ϶Ҫһµġ
Ҫ˵ϣ׼ȥһ룬ĵʵ̫ѵˡ
Ҳ֪ڸ֣Լ뵽ģô벻أ
˵μӣǶǿЦĻ
ӻ뿪СŴһȥ˴°࣬Ҳ˹ȥ
·Լſڵʱ󱦸һżԼºҬˮһ̹
ЩҬӣ͵һתͷЦſࣺɩӣϾͳҬӣ㿴ô


59 
˵Ҭ, С֮ǰǴûгԹûм
ǴһʹŴ󱦺Ͷ椴ɽϿ˼ûעǳڸ߸ϵĹʵ
ƿһ, һӾͱζ²ˡ
ԭΪǶǺȸ֭, ֿСһһҬСĳԡ
СһǵűͶʳСһ, ԹԵΧڴ, ȫ죬۰Ͱ͵һûйĹɶ
СʱЦˡ
߹ȥҴҲҪһ, ׽˼֮Ѿٳ˺üɴʳ
֮ҬǼҵʾѾ˵Ǻܸˡ
С, ûġȻ඼֪СﱧŵǴӵɶôҲɵͬˡ
˵Цȥ˴°ࡣ
ΪһҵĵСղʵ̫ˣѹȥʲô
˴°ŷ֣һĶ治٣
ȻȻ, ɱ߰·ݵʱǺ˺ܶࡣȻû, ˼һˮĶ
֮⣬, ҲһЩ, иרع̷, Լ˲ٵʱ߲ˡ
СԾǣȻڽ˺üֻ
߹ȥָЩʣҲҳԵģ
ƽæҡҡ, Ц˵ǲ, ɩ, ɲҰˡר͹, Ǵ°Կܲĸһָµأ
㲻˵ըɽ𣿡Се㾪Ŀ
£һأһ⼸ֻ±ըµأƽıҲΡ
С򴽣ûп
ƽ뷨ܺãʵܺ뷨кܴĳ롣
⼦᲻ᱻ֪ŵòµǼ˵Ǻܿ϶ġ
Ǽֻ˰ΣѾʼǵʱƽ׾֮ôҪһֻɱ
µʱ⼦ˡ
뵽⣬ź졣
ʵֱ̫ӣƽ˾衣
æһ¨СĻɩӣӪвģǼԼĶϽûȥɡ
˵ԼҵĶСǻعҲżˣʼͷȥ¨ӡ
һʱϲЦտ
¨еģóԵĶȫˡ
Ѭ⣬̷ۣ߲ˣаǺνס
ЩС￪˻ֻԼԽԽˡ
˭Լϲʲô
ȷʵڵС˵Щȸһѻͷͣ߸·Ҫĵöࡣ
ӴСⶼǳԵİ
̽ͷ˿̲סǰеǮڳˣ
Ȼ֮ǰѵʱҲ˽˵ϵ֪һһأÿҴһЩƷ
ҪʲôǰǮƱӦ׼ãȻôԱȥ¸ϵʱͻ򵽵ĶԵϡ
¨ĶһǽӦеǮƱȫ˴ԱǿԲŻ͵°Ķһ
СЦЦû֨
һӶ⵺ϣʲôʱܳ˭Ҳ֪˴ЩƷڵϻûп
ЩǮʲôأ
ÿ뵽ǰͻðԼռһľӵӺ͸Ρ
Ǯ֮
ܹ뷨ʵǡһһǰκϣ
ȻˣǾ͹ڵÿһɡ
ϵ֮ǰ¬ƽ͸˵ϲдšҪǮ˵ר˸ÿ´ŵĹ۳ȻֱӴĳ
ǵ֣Ҳĵַ
ԣڵС˵ɺùһãҪ¶ˡ
¨ӵݸףСЩЩҪģ뿪˴°ࡣ
ΪµĲֿѾڵĳΣȻʽãʱûġ
¶Ȼϱʮȵĺ£Ȼز˱ɷʳȴĶࡣ
СÿҲ̫ණƽȥڲֿˡ
õҪ̷ۣǻۡ
һӶôСӣһƷҬ֭⡣
ûСϲԵģο֮ǰûгԹġ
ȻҪһЩҲרǵһθڡ
صңûСԸ׾ͺĴһȺСһȥɽҬȥˡ
ǿӺͻ֮ǰûйȻһԸһ˷ܾСӶҪŹ⡣
ôʱ䴬Ҳ֪ۣ໽о͸Ŵһɽȥˡ
ǵıӰЦ˰죬Ȼȥϴϴ֣߹С˵ɶܰġʲôҬ֭ҲĴֻ˵Ҿû⡣


60 
˴İæ, Сʲô׶ˡ
һ۽ƽ͹ĺʣкüСī㣬Ȼ;רӳԡ
ר˶, ַѹʳ
Ҫ, ׻С, ɵֻ, ָǶһ, ӡҰ, С˷档
ڴ, ЩͲˡ
֮󣬾Ϳʼæµ
һ棬һʰʡ
ȴͺ֮, ԼܵԺȥժ߲ˡ
ժ˶ǣѣ⣬һСˡ
ٻʱСѾѰצʰãʼжζˡ
˶ǳҪźһСԷļͥҪԵ˶, ɰ˵, Ҳ׵úܡ
ƽʱһС¯ӣһֱó
ѻϣѴӴ°Ĵһ, ʱζƮİ
ȥժҬӵ޲֪ʲôʱȫ˻, ڴڼһѡ
ȫ̰ʹ
Ҿ˵ķóԵģҶ˺üˣ⻢, һĴ˵
˵ôҶЦ
ü, Ŷ󣿺üǰ㻹ûأŴСЦ
ҵСӣڼܳһŲ
ô˵ֱŲ£ǺüˣζСټϰģɲ͵úü꣡
ô˵СҲ̲סЦˡ
ӰһϴɾķѣŴ˻ӵӴǻӶˣ֪ܼһ治
˵꣬תͷࣺͷǿӺͻҲһѧϰɣͻпˣҲǽأ
ǿУô˵˼ˡ
ҵĺӱȴ󱦺Ͷ椸һ꣬ڲ඼Ҫѧ䡣
浽ָͣѧУѧûϣȻ͸ûеطˡ
ȻֻǳбҵҲϹѧģ֪ѧĺá
˵죬ֻһʲôʱʶ֣ûĻҲдǰ̡
Ĳ˵˵ϤˣˣСˣҪ˵߹ˣĸǿѧָλõģ
СǸ߲¶ûӵʱ˵ˡ
Ҳ֪ڼһֱѧϰ
ֻʱҵСҰҲȷʵҲû̫ġ
ڣȻĻᣬôܲץס
˵ǽˣСˮƽ⼸ܺҲǴ´ġ
߻˵źӵ¶Ǳ߰Ѿˡ
Ϊһſ϶ôѸŸ˶һ飬ҲúһԸСûǡ
ϴķҪȵһԱϵʱܴڵûʲô£е˺ʹһȥרͷĲ¡
ߺСú˷һ
ǻһӰᵽԺӵıһ߸˵س˼ĵһٷ
Ȼ׺ǿӣ֮ǰʶкӵ꣬һɽȫˡ
οʱ䳤ˣ챻Сĸ糤̵Ľţ⺢ѾΪһθС
ʹֶСܣҲࡣ
ԷϴӴСȫûһ裬һӾϤͬһˡ
צⶫҪˮġ
ڶʱ򲻾ڶжϡİӸ̡
ǿӺͻѧӵӣСڰҧһСڣ֭˴׵Ȼԡ
һҧȥ˶̲סһȻ󼸺ͬʱס˺ı죬۾ԲԲģȫǾϲ㣬ȴѹûһ˿ǻ
ӣҵȫûһ㾪ĸо׺ʹ󱦾̧ۿһ£ͼͷԼİӡ
ֻж椻¸졣
ó԰ɣӣӶرóԣȫµһı˵⡣
СһҪ˼ûУȫĵͷ
һֱǿڰȥǿӲųһ̫̾óˣȫµһȫһ
|ǿ֪ȫˣô˵СҲЦˡ
ǿɲ
ǿӽͦͦظҵ̵ģҵҺЩأ
ǿ˵ʱ򣬻ȫǻôͷԡ
̫ɵˣ
ʲôԺ˵Уǵ˵õԶٰӰ
ڳԵķ棬ӿɱǿӴˡûһͷֻ
͵͵һֱƳԱߵĴ󱦸硣
ã󱦸ΪСˣһЩôԲźóԡ
Ȼûһˡ
Ϊʲôղ׵ﵹ׵ʱ򣬴󱦸ֻôһ
ԭҧưӣ֭˴ȻųԵġӳˣ֭Ҳʹȫںˣٰǿڴһںȵ
һ¡
ŨдŴ׵ˬرڸոճһӵ£ٺôһڡ
Ҹ۾˲µһ
һ
ʵ̫óˣ
ȫԳˡ
СıӺʹһȥϢϢϾǽϲ
˭֪ȴ׸סˡ
Ҭ֭͵øɻϴƵĶԼ
СֹȴһסС¶ȥԼˣǸҬ֭𣿡
Ҭ֭һ㶼ǼҬ֭
ҲûʲôãҪեȡҬ֭Ψһİ취ֹҬĩ
Խϸ֭Խࡣ
ԴСʵı֮󣬼ֻϾӳаˡ
ͨǴ󱦸ҬҬȫڳ椸ռҬˮڳҬ飬żҲȥһ
˶࣬ҪõҬ֭ҲࡣǿӣСͶôܷߣ
ǣСһûһͷֺ˹
ΪСһ֣ԴȴҬ⿪ʼѧȻеҬˮռŵյĹͷƿȻõˮš
һʼŸҬˡ
ЩµʱСһ˼ûСæ֮󣬸ɴֱŴϢҳȥˡ
Ŵҵһѵأӣ档
رǿ󱦺ͶһΧһСΧȹٲȻһС˵ӣȥԼĹֱԼ۾
զ̵İզôԾ̲סתͷҪСȡ
ý̡СشƵᡣ
ỵ́ôأ
Сһ棬ǴһĨ΢΢ЦԾ͵øɣľʲôˡ
ࣺ
ԣȫǲģ
Ҭ֭ȡ飬ѡҬȡ飬ȻˮȣٸɴͿˡӼҬ֭ϸٹһ顣
ԣ𿴾ǼСһҲģġûһСʱͼ˲Ҭˡ
ӹһ֭ǣһ˷һţСԴСͷǳȥˡ
ʹ»صҬ֭ʣµӣ´򿪻𣬿ʼҬء
Ź·ܿҬ֭Ũζڳɢ
һȻȻЦ
Сæţ۾ȴЦʲô
ЦڱһѣȻ˵˵ôˣͲˡղ˵ҪʲôҬ֭⣬ҵһӦǸǳԵġҸû볢
ҾҿܿƲסˣҲ̫ˡ
˵ţȻ֣СһװͰ͵ı飺ϽģղŸǼС̶ʲô֭ǸһǺƻƵģûмҲˣ
СôҲû뵽Ȼ˵ôһʱҲ̲סЦ
ϲͳ£ֲɶõĹӶǵϳģԻͷ
˵ָָ̨꣬µӣʢǵĺǶɩԼȥ
ȻѾ˵ˣҲûʲôΪˣ󷽷ߵߣǸһԭʢűɵӡ
иǴ򿪣ʱŵĹ֭ȫǰ
ǴӾģǰҲûмġ
Сʱ˵ڹӲǿˣţǣЩ۵ǹҲûûԹ
ȴûмɫ״Сǿ
һɫεģģȴֺеԡַ˸棬ŷ֣ǿıȻ·ȥһǵ״
һɫġ
ϸһۣȻǿϻһԶ䣬ȻһСӵ״
ԼģզİֱǾȼˣСֱɼ
⵺ˮ࣬ɩһʱ֪ˣĲ˵ڸġöˮĵطõɽҰǡ
һڸղżҬӵʱ򣬴Ѿˣ˵ͷ
СõҬشӹʢһ˴ɴ̯
һ۴ŵĹ֭ǣ˵õɽ֭ģɫƤġղǸɫâģɫľҬ֭ġɩӣȳâģǸǰ϶ûгԹ


61 
С˵, һɫǷŽģģҧ֮, һӴûгԹŨ˱Ƕ
óԣͷ
СЦЦɩ, ٳɫġ
һδû˵
ҡҡͷ⻹ܳԸûˣζˡ
˵ţиǺ, ·Żԭλ, ʵզİûм, С㻹Լģӣզɶᰡ
ǱǻСӵģ
Ķ, Ҳ̫ˡСһЦ
ҿ̵, Ƕ椿°һɵģߣ֪ƽԼ̵, ҪҲһƽҲǸɵ, û͸˺ü͹ˡ
ɩ, 㿴ǲżǣСģöأ
ƽ, ӡ󣬾ǸղŴ°ǸС೤, ĶСһ°ļߵģ
뵽Ǹģ, ̲סЦ⵺ϵ˲Żء
ɲԻ
Ȥ, СҲû, һҬ֭, һϸĺš
ʯˣˮԣղŵĹ֭ǻҪҬ֭ⶼҪ̼
СһŻƻƵģĶŽСš
СЩ㶼Ǹ˭ѧİںߴʱˣΪʲôҴ֪̲ס档
ΪԵĶע
СЦһۣʯǰҲʶǿ°żƤҲġҲ֪⵺ȵʱ˲ġΪ˸սʿǸʱϵǰѬĩƤӳԡ
С˵ԵĲעһ㣬ͬ
ʵԼزעҪǹעҲ
ͺҬ֭⣬ԭΪǹһ㣬ĥģٿСŽȥôǺ̷ۣһѧûˡ
ѧҲôЩĺöԲȫһٸˣﶼ۵ý
ֻҲ֪Сô⡣
ЩӦҲᾭԡ
һ㣬Ǹмġ
˰ӣֱҬ֭⣬רһʱ䶼е㱣ֻÿ½Ҫꡣ
Դӽ˵ϣǹǲ֪µһεľϲѾ۵öҪľ˵񾭴һ¡
ͣĻҵ˻ϣҬ֭ǰ˻ΣСôˣʲôϲ𣿡
Ѿ֪һҵϢҲӦҪȥһ۾ۡôʣЦųգգۣɲϲ𣿴ϲ£ҪҪȥմ֣
ô˵ʱҲȤӴʲô¶˵˵Ҳ˸ˣ
ڻϸΪһӶˣҪһԷ֮ϵЦȴĵȥҲóĬˡ
ôˣ㲻ˣ
е֡ӡϻƺǼϵҲǴ൱ġ
Ķҡҡͷ
Ҿ롭Ѿҳ壬ҲҪŶ㵽طˣ
⻰һڣϵЦҲûˣλ˶˳Ĭ
Ȼû˵֪ѡźСϵʵ֮١
Ȼڵ԰ףӱܺܶķš֮ԵģҲʧȥܶᡣ
磬½ôпܳΪ½ָӹ٣֮ǰ;ǿԤ֪һƬ
ڣܵƧĵطÿըɽʯͷڲֿĻ
ûʲô鷳ˣΪһˣһԶľˣҵƽ䣬᲻ҲҪڴȫĵ
˭Ҳ޷ش
Ϊû֪ǻϴꡣûܹóһص½ϣŻ᲻֮ǰһģôõĻ᣿
ɲô˵ϵǶҲһԭΪҪԼϱˡ
СݣȷʵϺˡ
أ
ŵֲͬ
ϱ죬ԼҵıҲûκó˵¶ĵطΪһɲоѵĶԷתҲ񡣲ֲܱԼˡ
ټĹԼڲֺ쵼ʶ
˰˵Ӧǰ;˵Ӧһ·˳ġƫƫòܻܵ
ǣ׵ñʲô
λ˶Ǿ˵ģ˵һҶ֪ɸеľһ㶼١
Ĭ֮󣬻̾˿˵°ʱҿᣬǶȥú룬и콻ʲôϵѡȫгȥ̸
⻰һڣٿȻ̧ͷղĶһۡ


62 
Ȼ綼Ѿ˲ٺóԵ, ϷСʮĹ
躣أػƹ, ˿, Са趹մ㣬հצ, ⻹ȱһ˿
ҲǴȰ˸ˡ
ĵ˵, ڵϿϡ, ʳָ󶯣
ʺгɱֽıƬڻ޵һ, ֬ڻ뵽, 硣
ɫ, ζ, óԾѾ̲ס˿ˮ
Ϊǿӻմ, ӻһ춼ûͣǰǵĻǿ͸ֺóԵˮѾͷСҲǹ񫡣
ʹζõҲſʿˮȴֻ۲, ûһǰա
缸ȫʵʵĸڴ׵󣬹ɵİŴǰ, ǰӵģɵĺʹ
ô಻ͣ档
һֱԺҪԼҲȫС̡ܽ
ĶõңǸڴ׾ССЦ
, ˵ͷҲǡ˵ǼҴ׻иӡ
ʱ, Ѿʹ׵, ˵СһıҾҲ̲סۡ
, ȥûסĵĿСһۡ
ȷ˵֮󣬴ĵѣԺ׼զ죿
ɶզ죿
СӶĥŷˣλİţôһʣһͷˮ
е㷢°漸ӴָָȥĶ˼ҼҺӣԼأ㽫Ҳˣ𣿡
ִôʣҲ˽ġ
Сϱʵһ̫ʵϵˣʵϵûһ۶
󱦺Ͷ椵ʱ򣬴໹ȢϱͺӲĹ᲻Űޣ
ɽӴ֮Լ֮ǰˡ
СǸģ˭ôʵʵ⣬ĺҲ˱
˵ģģ˭ҵĺô
ڣֶһ
һģʶʣǾҲûܵһί
ǼⲻһǮжٻٵʽĵģĵСˣûǮ
Ȼ˵Сһǵͨ졣
ֵĵ˴һۣɩӣ˵ʲôأզ˵ˣ
û뵽ôˣ˵ȻẦߣ
ʱùЦ
һֱСۿҪˣıסЦ̿ʣ˵ʲôˣ˵Ĳʵ
˵ţڳİָָ򣬾Щ⣬˾׾ǰ桭һǮȫڳ˰ɣ
һ죬Ҳǿԣޣ׼ȥȥ
˵Ҳ漱ˣʹĵСһۣط綼ûطȥ
СҲĻЦˡ
Ȼ֪ɩô˵Ĺ
ǵģû˭˵ôֱԲ䡣
죬סĸ첲˻ΣҲôԡ
ⲻǽ첹⴬һ²һΣҲһǸƸ
УߵĺʶӪսʿǳģҪǮɩʱ̣֪ˡϳԺʻˮʲôһԣڻǮ¶
ʳ⣬ҪǮ򣬵ʵϣ⵰˶˲Ҳǽ죬㲻֪֮ǰв궼ûмͶˡ
Ļ˵ôһ
ϵĲ֪
СܣǸҪʧġϾǰȷӪҲǾͶ԰
вǮĺʺˮԣﻹ֪ܲأ
ɩӵ沿黺˺ܶ࣬Сż˵У˵仹Сʮ겻ӡ
ôһ˵ʶ̧ͷǰŮ˺һС
ǵǸյ֤ˡ
ǣʮû
ϸ¹ա
ô˵æĸ첲һģǲżżĺáŮ˰̫һôûСһúܶԡ
˵ţĵ˵ͷ
ԴУûһ͵ޣøзмķ⽨뷨
һط־ӣ˺ü꣬һֱʮǿӡ
ΪҽԺĺӡ
סԺʱ򣬺ЩҽǸõġ˵ĸԽǽ׳ĺӲŻԽ
Щ˼ңССŮޣԭͽ磬ƫƫһޡ
ԼԭӪûãӲĺҪôСƵĲҪôɴͻ
᲻ȥҽԺģһʬҲʲôϡ¡
һ˵ҪСʮ֮ӣǼһĺøжǲǡ
סż
Сգգ۾ڵϣǹ߶㶼ҲˣֻҪˣ˭Ҳûޡ
СЦЦû˵
Ȼ֮ǰ˫ڶһӵ̬ȡ
ãԼڲڵϣҲû˻ӡ
ϾǶ󱦸ǵյ׵Ĵӣ˵ԼӣǹƻǼҴ󱦵ĳ谮ɣ
뵽ЦЦҲûֻò֪һ죬˽ʵ󣬻Ǹʲôо

ҲûĶСԺӸʺдĵطˡ
Ҫ֪Ƶʱʳá
ƽǰרȫһԷ׼˸˵ĴӣͰţӸǷʮѡ
ʳôӽɵڲһˣŵһο͡
Сáְ֮㡱ռĵطǼҵ˽硣
һǻϺģһȽǸתһȦ˲Ǿ̾־еЦΪûùνġרʳá
ʶ˵ʳˣһһһСҴкǺܾԶǰ¶ˡ
һһôȥˡ
λ˻ڸ̾ʱҲһˡ
ֻҪĵطͿ϶ֵġ
ûţǿӺͻӾͳȥһһĺϣ˵˸ੲݡ
˵Ȼֻ޲ܹѽһľȫ˵һ顣
֮ǰӪ󱦺Ͷ֮ӹ¼ŵĺܡ
ҲֻԸпյʱСһԴ֮ǿӺͻĵʧֱԱ
Դ˿ٴμ棬Сϲý
ϴӴʱ򣬿ȥֱˡ
Щ˷ϲ¾ˬļƣתôһȦ֮ǰЩȫȴˣͷ˺öࡣ
С֪ǲԼþܾӶֱͦˡ
ΪطγԷֱǰӵĲ׼ģСֱӷֿˡ
״һȺСͷȥһӣԳԺȺȣ˵˵֡
û˴˶ţиֺóԵģרŸ׼ˣˮһҬˮϡСһһúܣȫûһҪʹ˴֡
ԣ˵Ҳû̫Ĺ˼ɡ
һƿơ
һƿ˵͵ơ
Сûм־ƣҲûмЩƿӾʱ
ô˵أӶˡ
뵽ǡ
ﰡͷͨɢװ׾Ʋ궼ûйӦʱȻóһƿ
ǴɫǩϽӲӵķˣÿһ˵Ŀⶼ޲ܰǲƿһֱͷ
ر˵һţӪҲܹһģ˭Ϊ˭ö࣬˭ˣû
ԱߵͻôˣЦȫſϣֱ
һֱӵı顣
⸱ӣСĬĬֻسһݲˣһըСè¾Ʋˡ
ѾʼĥǲǿȲԣ
ƺȵҲɶζˡ
֪Լˡ
ôһƿƣôܹȣ
Ҳƭƭ˺ܾõĲ棬һ㲻ĳԺȡ
¶ǣûɼ˵ȴ˺ܶࡣ
֮ǰΪֹ˼ɣҶԸ̸ЩĸǣȻҲ˵óˡ뷨Ը˵Ҳûйˡ
ر
ԭֺüͥĺӣС˱ĺܺãûʲôۣ˼Ҳɾĺܡ
ϼҽӶ𣬸ĸ̵ĵһ¾ҪҪб֮ġ
˵ԶסģſܳΪһϸҽߡ
꣬ϷЩ£͸ĸС̵ĶֱۡСķ˸ײܳһʱ䣬ǻ̻̲ԼԼôᶨƵ˻ɡ
£͵ϣҲϴļ£СĵֻȻĵһİ
ԣڵԼ»һ
ϲϲصȫܺǰһһһۻᣬ˵е㲻ˡ
žƾһס֣磬磬˾ͱ˰ɣԺ۸úõΪͻñݻĹԺȫҲȥˣвУ
Ƕ飬Ҳ˵ĸж
ԴģǺСһĶҺһûСźӶˣ϶¶˾ҪġɲС
ΪɶͲأҿ϶Уˡ
⸱ӣԱߵĴЦûеˣһֱǲȢϱˣҪʱ費ô㣡
˴Ļһ¡ȻСѹͻû뵽档
գգ۾һ˵ʲô飬ʲôӰҾҪ⣬̤ʵ
⻰һ˵ڳͬʱĬĬ
˵ģγǴҵﻰ㵺ټ࣬ҪΪ˷ܶ࣬ɶ˵һһԴһѹֵĴ󻷾£չչ˵ĵط
ΪǿԷܶණ
һ磬ʱֻǱݺʵû־ٹȣĳ档
رһӣںӣǿˡ
ֺңȴ˴־Ӷ˵ÿһ춼Ǽ尾ģĵġ
ܹɽ˵˾ޱȣֱϧĻᡣ
ʱ򣬴ڱﲻסˡ
̽ĿԼһۣȻ˵ƺһƺҲãȻ֮󣬸ɴҧҧʳһֱĵǡ
ţС򰡣ɩ¶¡
Ȼæͷת˹ɩӣ˵
ǣҧҧ´ǣ갡
˭Ҳû뵽ʱ򣬾Ȼʳ⣬һʱҲ𲻳
죬һҲû˵һ֡
ıֿڴ֪Լʵ漰˲ܻش
ŵæʹ֣һĽͣСᣬûҪڲܵ˼ϵ֮ǰҲϹεģ֪ĲÿĲʵļҪʡҾʸţǡ
˵رһᣬﶼ˼ʣǣǸոհ׵ˣǵĹͽ˰ɣҪٻȥٻȥ
˵˵ţڿƲסĵ
˶ֵȻ죬˭ܹóԲһ죬һܹġ
ɲЩе˵ö༤ȣģ඼Լ޷ͬܡ
رۼͷһ컹߰İͷһӻˮǸֻۣڶͱЩ˲Ͼʧ
ַܼĵ״ֿ־塣
һ㶼ֻۣ޵˹
ۿһ˶̵ʱھ츲صı仯Ҳûа취սľ
ˣԼҲĪܵǣԽԽѰЩЩ¶һĵС˳˳ˮĴûоġ
˵ǲΪൣһģⲢ¡
ں׵һķŻ˶Щ¶ûн֮ǰҪٻصǸȥ
ֻҪԸ⣬ǾͰĵš
ڷֻʣ´ѹֵһֱû˵Ļڿ
֪Ҳû˭ܻشˣҲȥԼЩ뷨ǲǳ죬ܹɵĿжˡ
תͷţҲ̸Ȼ˵ҲǰǼͷӵ뷨˵һ˵
˵һףͬʱݣֱ塣
С˿ǣקק½ǣ׼رܣȴס
˰֣ʲôҪܵ¶Ҳһɡ
ô˵С˵ͷ
ɻȥļˣһһʱɲ衣
ϸƱİƹģſһƬɻϴɹɵġȻҪ̸£ȱʵġ
һżʢڲĲ߻˷䣬ȻڶԴ˵µоĿѾ˺ܴĽչʱͿԽеʵ׶ˡ


63 
ʵ, ٵԺмҲҪʱ䡣ԺɹҲֻ׶εĽ, ˵Ǹոտʼ
˵, ϵֳȹʣһҵʵԶ벻ΪЩͷӣӻعһ𣬾Ѿ׼ҪΪǹҵĹҵ׳Ŭ
, ϳŴЦЦĿºִƣЩϼһǴԺ󶼻ﰲˡֻҪԸ, ܹܵ, ԸססꡣһͷӻܸƱģ
һ仰˵شԼ֪ô, һοƲסĵ
ֻһѾǻȻͲ, ̤ʵˡ
Ը⣬ô᲻Ը⣿ֻҪ, רͬ־ǲǣһԺͶҲ
룬ѧŻϵĻҲΪ˹ҵױŬ
ԣǶ, ΪҵױŬ
ⷬȾһվ, Լظģ˷ܺͼ
ɻȴȻûΪǵı̬ж
һۣλ˵ͬʱֳһĨɬ
ҡҡͷΪҵ׵ķʽкܶ, ҲһҪһ, þÿ, ˡǲˡ
ǻᣬһиҪҵõǰ;ڵǡ
˵˵Ŀߵһһӹ΢΢̾˿ţ壬Ƕϣ̫áԺ·͵һ·ϵվɡ
˺Ļû˵ÿһﶼδĻʲô
ٺãҲǸµһ죬һ굱һԴû⣬Ҫһӡ
ˣǺأ
ѵҪôС䣬עһһ
ʣûһ˻ĸġ
һʱְ
ſ˿ңüȽһۣʲôأǾˣְϼҪĶǾ͵ĶԼľܸĵģ
Ժʲô仯ߣǲǸÿǵ¶ҪľǷָӣɺùҺ񽻸ǵ
ڵϣ;ȫϺרҵİȫõϵĽ衣㽫Ҫ뿪һ첻µҪվڵϵһڡӵʱҲҪú˿ǵĹǱʱɵģûжӪ
һ仰˵شඥȻʡ
ǰǸܹģô
˵һ죬͸ɺԼ£ѵϽãӦÿǣҲӦġ
Զԣ˵û
°ƣȹЦ
ˣǼϼһоҹص̫ãûоˡǱǴᣬ˵ģɺøԵĹԺӿ϶ԽԽá
˵תͷٴοţţûпҪڵֵʳ
ʳԶҪĻ⡣
ôʣҵı鶼
ųһ£˵¶֮ǰһӪЩפϱֹ̽Ҷеѡ
һ̨࣬ʲôһ籩˾ȫˡ
εĳָָʯͷɽһƽĵضûУĶ֣
˵ԡҡҡͷ
ܶ鷳취ܱѶࡣҪ뷨ǵĹСͿȫż٣ֱӻؼˡһ£ˣˡ
ûأҰĻ˵һ籩ˣȫˡûҪһ籩¹һϵ˻᲻Ҳȫˣ
ϵĴ𣿡
һ仰˵Ŷʱɫ
ھ·츳ǿҲһں߳ˡ֮ǰȷӪͷҲûкܾá
ںȫûо顣
ȻҲѧϰ֪ʶ˽ܣ̸ֽȫ¡
һˣûоһ籩ÿ°ʱ㶼ʹ
ܺûʳһܹϵġԣҾͽˡ
ϵĻһشݺݵŵͷϣһӸˡ
ڵԽԽ࣬Ժ󻹻ࡣһбȷ⵺һ죬ǵĴܹԶã
һӪ֮ȫָӹ٣ʲôȫ
ȥˣּ˵ҵĽǲҪʳҪܹչĸҵȫչ磬СҪʼ乤ȡİɣܺðΪʲôȡһأ
һЩӣԼեͣĥ
˵̾˿֪Ա̫٣˲ǸС°սʿҲвǰѧϰɾΪֲȻΪʲôһЩأ
Ҫ̸ʲôܡ
ϲΪȻİ˰֣¬ƽЩңҺʵˣеǰ취˵ˣˣʲôܲܵģ
˵꣬үӺǲһ
ѵü˼˺һ棬ҶɵøЦʵǶ⻪ϵ뷨ҲΪȻ
ɽǺϵһµܶ½أ׳ȥѡ
ûӣ˵ͨˣţЩˣҪǲܵġ
οһսʿǵ˵ϣõרı߶մţ
˽ЩĻҪͳȥҲǺѶȵġ
ң˵Ҳʵ
ڵһηֲΪͲͶƷ֮С͸ƽ飬˵͸ʯĥоԼڵĥ
ƽһ仰͸ˡ
ƽ˵ɩӣ˭ÿ٣ֻרǴҶУ
ɽͱĵطĲͬԴǹġ
˹رר̷ۣ⣬ϸЩô˵ûκ˻ռһ֮⣬㣬ֵĲˣһͬʳõġ
Ūһ̨Сĥרĥ㶹ⲻѣǾԲ⻯
ȫӪôˣҪȫųԶһ٣˭
°ǹ˲ġ
Сǹʮһרҵ㻹һҹġ
ͰʯͷսʿȣܲأҲ㹻ʹһ쵽æݡ
ԣҪ߾ûǸܵġ
ɼʹ֪ϵĻ˭ҽӣҲԼֽͬĿͶš
ſЦһ¬Ҳǲ˽ҲŬʴɩӣǲҲڸеľѵ
ǵġæͷ
ǼŹûиŴһʵӦҪ˶ãͻвϵ
ǵĻϵɫ˺ö࣬һ֮Ȼӿڴóһдֽ
Сʹཫõķ̸飬İζʰɾ
һѾĵĴŵðҪר͵ҹǰ͹ȥҰѳʰˣһ
ôȻؼңСҲߴдҵСһ˯ææ˺þãŲڲǱߵķ
û˯е㾪ȣʮ˻Ͻ˯컹أ
С˸Ƿתߣȥ̯
һס
չˣҺյġ
˵Сͷࣺ˯ɣץʱϢܻøһ㡣
ʲô˼Сתͷ
Žҵͷۺã˵ȥһˣйҪ㱨⣬ǿܻȥһЩˡ
ˣʲôˣһ仰С˯˵ˡ
רһЩͬ־ļˡ
СĬһ£˲׵ô¡
ûм׷ʣת˸⣺ڼҹˣ
ˡЦЦ
Сıһ˿ʧ䣬ֺܿ˵ͷУ˭ȥҸ׼Եġ

Ȼ˲룬껹Ҫġ
Ϊ˹Ĳ˵Сƽ˺ü졣ûɶʵģ鷳Ҳ۲
Ǵһﾪˡ
˵겻ҪԽɶ۵ģи˵ĳԷ˵ĳԷп棬󼸸ӺŪŪҲó԰⻹в˵
һ仰˵ţǼ˲
ǰʲôܱȽӸζأң⻹һܹȫӪսʿһɵĻ㵽ĸץ˹ܸɡԶٶܰĳ
һ£׼ڶĽӡ
һ۲Ϻڶһֶڶ
Ҫɽʲô߲˳ãǿ϶ˮ۲ˡһΣܿܳһƬҴĴŶصǺóԡ亣ʣǾ䡣
˵ϺڶȫӪôˣչЩϺҲ̫ܡεڶʰɾȱ򺣬צ㡭Ϊ˸ζƽʮ֡󷽡ĸȥ׵
ӲƵģеʱ۵Ķǳġ
ЩСĸõ˶ڶȥˡ
֪ҪӣСһֱ˷ܼˣԱµĳаȥĢ񵰵
СҪˣЧҲһĸߡƫƫǻãøһϸꡣ
ֱ˵ض顣
ɻĢ˼Ҳ˵Ҳ֪ܵĶҵһЩҰľĺö赽ȻҲĺܡ
ιʵһЩģһƽǵļֻЩӶҲ˼
СԭǴЩġ
û뵽ȺС̫ˣǾȻŪʮ
СҰӵ֮⣬ʣʮȫǺѼӵ
ڿŴ״¨ｫЩһóʱ򣬱˵Сˣƽˡ
ץס׵ĸ첲һĿװҪҪǵ۴°æҲøɱģרȥɽҶСҵˣÿδ򷹶ʢ
˵Ĵֱӳ˸ۣϡ
ǵôȫЦ
˭һ۴Բ˺öС֪ҳԵúãסúãƽšǡܹ򶯵أ
ʮһ磬СʹŴ໹д°࣬׼ʼڶˡ
ƽʱѾ˽ڲֿءʳóҰҪȫʰãϴɾˡ
ͬʱмСսʿҲѾǰĴʢѾõ棬͵һ£Ҫʼˡ
ӪıˣڲûࡣϵĹٱҲˡרһҴСʮҡ
ˣҪĲʰҲǸ󹤳̡
Ե֮󣬴Ҹ춼˲ãȫæ
СȽ׼õĺȲжϣ뿪ˮһ£Ȼȡøɾɴš֭ܿһϺϺȲ֭ͳ˴ҵǰ
šĲ֭õһ׼Сսʿǰӹ裬֭Լһ
ۿԭЩƣ˵۾ô˺ÿķۺɫʱȼˡȫĻ׷Χ
ɩӣŪɺɫҪʲô
ɩӣɫ𣿻ѽȾɺɫ𣿡
ɩӣȾɫóԣ
ɩӡ
°սʿձƫСƽҲʮ꣬Ǻصʱ
Сﻹ˵ϱģȫཫСΧס°һӱ
ɫζҲûʲô仯Ϊɫ͸óԡȾɫΪ֣Ȼʱһˣ˭ֵܷóĸڶģĸǶڶģ
ԭҲС֮Уشĸɴ
ǡ
ô˵һСսʿԥԥһ䣺ɩӣΪʲôҪְĶڶҲóԵúܣ⻹Ҫһ֣Ҫȫźɫȥˣǿզ죿
һ仰˵СȻɵۡ
û
ö࣡
СػСսʿܵһ˵ġ
£۷֣ѵ⻹еɫĲ𣿺ɫϲ죡ģеɫõ¶ƫ¶ࡣ
ǣһûԹɫĽأ
ҲǣûⲻǻҺĺÿ
Ȼƽʹĸ˺Щ棬ɻ棬ΪûۺɫȽţҶѾúˡ
һٿﻹûü͵ЩͺЩˡ
Ǿե㲤֭ɴɫġ
֮ǰ֮ҪեȲ֭ʵǶŷľ飬ʶôˣΪ֡˵ʵ֮ǰСûôࡣ
ڣСսʿ˵ˣеɫϲ족źȻӻͦá
һ˵Ҳե֭СսʿǶʱܵ÷ɿ졣ûһ޶˺ôһѻ
һСûԼ֣ȡ֭ʱı֮󣬾ȥæԼ¶
Ϊν磬Ҳرˡ֮ǰﻻĸֵó˴롣
˻ЩģŷеõĻƶõϾơ
Ϻצ㣬ȱ飬뽪ƬϾȥȣȻ߲˸ˮˮжж
е׼꣬׼ڶʱ򣬾СսʿǱߴһ󻶺谡Ⲥ˺ͳҲôÿ 
СתͷȥÿСսʿһһţ˰м䡣
һһԻ谵ĳ￴ȥĿˡ
Ŀȴ棬սʿϵģǷĵЦݡ
ôĲãôиȾÿ˶̲סĸ˴ǡ


64 
ιĽ, ˿ǰĳɹ˶˵ǳôûгԹ, óԵĽӣ
мСսʿųžȻصĿ, ˵ļȥҲʣ
սʿרǳԵÿģɰѴ°Щ˸æˡ
˼׼˭Ҳû뵽, ЩСǳ˳ԾȻܳô࣡
ΪӪ֮ǰר۹⣬ĽǴҶԼ˼˼, ܸԱ
һ, øԱ
СǱܵµ, ССɵǱţ۵Ļ, Ǳ컹
ƽʱҲˣķ, ôҲôҳ˳ԣȫԱԺã
˵ô˵ٶ˳ԱԺ, ٸӰ
С̤°, һֱ뿪ͻûŲѡ
΢һӵĴ󱦺ǿӶץˡͯ, ڳԷ, ƽȰȻؼҵʱ, С̧ˡ
ɴĸˡ
ҿʱľϲСܵڳ溰ĸлĻģ;ôֵˣôҲˡ
صңС׼ˣȻôףȥ͵רĶ椺ͻһ
ΪǸȥͷѾר˻úˡ
رǶ椺ͻӣһһȴֿɰýǼǣϲ
û¾Ͱ
ƽʱÿȥӾǸǵġ
һ˵ɩҪżĺȥæӣЩ̾ҪտСһ
Ȼһֱŵʱﶼûš
һС˷ܵĿʼ£С÷Թ˵ǴӺǴģ
һ˵һܹקӷҪȻһһ˪÷
ζԵС˲ڵĿˮ
лл𣿡ŮԴ
˵ˣл°һشֱ׳
Ҫ軵ˡ
СεڹŮϴһ£Ͳüȥϴʰ
ŲڼңԲҪԵġ
ô׽ŹϣСԼ׼õĶ
ʹ̦ţϺѬЩСϾ˵ģҲǼСǰζġ
Կˣ۾þ֮⣬Ҳû̫ľϲ
ǵСÿ˶ʢһƤڶ֥Բӱͱˡ
ȫס˺һľ
СһǶԼ뿴ԲཱུӣȻͬʱС¶ı顣
ʲôǶûסһʳ
֥ԲСĵԣ̡
С˵ţԼҨһߣҧһСڡ
ʱģ֥黨ϴƿڴ˳üͬʱ˿ڿˮ
ģ󱦶Բ̲ס̾
ǵģġСЦЦ
ȻԼӽ͵ԲԲ
ԲԺӣһӾһֱԲԲġϽԣȫ꣬˭ҲʣҲԲˡ
ԲԲ⻰Сǰû˵
һԲԲĻС˵ǶޱȵţԸһʵ֡
ȫףԽϵıҨСԲӡ
ڵʱûһ˵ȫ죬ƺһС©һ㣬ͻԺӴۿۡ
ϾôģҸǰ붼ûģ˭Ҳʧȥ
׿ְֵԲӣ֪ôģӾе㷢ᡣ
أÿ˶ԲǰԼҲ㵽ȥˡ
ǰʱ
ʱոձ¬ͻ˼ңӷɶչ¡
ʮϣȥһֱڼˤģ緹һֻһѡ
ҵĵܵСɶҲҪͷɣƨɸ˺üơ
Լҡ
Դ˺ҲûȥҳԹһη
ˣ͵Եţ벻ˣҲȥҪôһٱһٵǿš
ʱҲ벻һ죬ܸ˵һԲԲͺ
Сû뵽һԲȻôױһӶôࡣȻҪȥϷص¶
رǣóǰ׼õĹƷˮ͵ĵʱ⺢ҲûоܾǴڽһ˵ʵ
һֱŵڷ
Ȼ˵ֹһΣ¬ųŵܴԺĳ·ڱϾǸһ
ӻôСиĸо
ûм죬һϵˡ
˲ûкСסһ𣬶ס˹ԱΪʱ֪ԭ˻϶Ǹ㽨ģ๤ľӶࡣ
ҪǸֿڲװޣȻҲģԼְᡣ
Ϊרס̫ԶƽʱҲţСǲϤ
ϵĻдķ䡣
һģʵʵľӱ̧˴˵ˣСĺܡǰɴûмⶫ
ɼСսʿæСźӴ֣һȺ˺ƺƵ̧ŷ䣬Ŷ˰ɽǰרʰİڷŷĵط
һ糯Ļ£οΪܹܵչ䣬ΧѵñȽϸĵطʺ䡣
ʱ䣬û¾͹ʰʱｨ˷䳲ܣ˵İ£һ
սʿǰŰѷźãȻǸװŸֹߵȡרŵñӺףСź뿪ˡ
֪Щ۷侭ôһ·ĵֻ»϶ҪһӦڡʱԽǾԽܵš
СһЩ̫࣬Ǵ鷳ɾʹˡ
Էһʱǧҡ
ӣʱֵĳĹɡǵױݣӱµӰ̫ûС˵ڶ飬˾ȫˡ
ʲôһ
ʱֵʵǲ۵ļڡҲøŻԴŷɽܡ
ɼˣڵҲ춼ҪסɽˡһߣϲŻ
Ͼǿĵطڰɽסɽ£̾룬ϰҲôСʱ
ɽһˣ󺹣ʵڡ
ʼʱɽʱ򻹻ǿӺͻӴϣСûԳԲˡ
ɴҲң󱦻ж顣
֮ǵ쵼ˡʱ̫̣ҵ񲢲ֻܱѧ߸ɣæýͷö˵ܺˣô޲öûء
ǰδеСϵţֻ޲ָͷĹڡ
ڣܿԸԳŻˡ
Լˣ˺üˣһСôҲû뵽ġ


65 
һν, ػ˲µʱ䡣㻪ϽʱһˡϣС, Żʯڡ
ɻʱ򣬲˰, ϼҴڵĵôʮʮˡ
ƣ˵õϢӭӵСһ, е˼׼嶼˻Ρ
˶໹С, Ҫһ˼ȫƵС
˸ŮС, лһʮ˻Ź, ϰűһδӡ
Ӿǵɽ, ǧ·, תתģôһȺһ·Ͼôİ
̶ȣ֪
̲סһƳԼֵһۡ
ӳеģһ˺ö, ƣ
, а봬ĸֹߡ
, ũߣḥ̂һһļѼӡ
óϵЩ˳Чϼ쵼ӡ
˻, һȺСսʿ˴
Ƚ˺ӷķ, ıȥ, ȻͿʼ̧Щܹϰ, ˺ܾõҲ˵أ֮ǰЩǷ˪ƣҲչЦݡ
϶ʱ
󱦺Ͷ椿˼ûĵȻĹǺ໽еĳ˹ȥһ½ǣһŴȣĽźţ̣Աߵ˶̲סЦ
ŸɴһһֱȫСһڡ
椶һǺϰߵģ§ŵĲӲ֡˲գššӣʹĻȥ
ҲţֻԴϺһѡ
СҲ˹
֮ͥȻʲôܵľٶ˫ۺЦһת˶ܹܵõʱĻϲ
ôܲ
ֻĹûнӣĳϡֻʹضϱֳۣ˿֮ӵһ˲СľһܰѸƿĿ⡣
һתĿȴ˲ԶһʰŶ׼´Ůϡ
̽ԵĽһ
ŮĶһ٣Ȼתͷ΢΢һЦС㡣
ﲢûоȣӦոϴѾϳǲû׼ǰϡ
˫ӵ֪࣬СȥϼҪӵʱ򣬺һ֪Сһ
ڴӲǱ˵˲ٺû
˵Ϊ֪С꣬Сǲԥľ;ϼҵķӽŮ֪סġ
˵Ʒǲڷ֣
ԣʱڴϿܲȡ
ôҲˣ˫Ǳǳʲô𣿡Сǰһеŵʵ
˫壬Ǳߺ˵Ҳعͷ˫üһĲ⡣
ó֮ǰ֪Ǵ˫ġ
˫Ǳûʲô£СġæĻش
˵꣬żͣΪյҸţҸŻϻӪһ߹ˣҸרǱߡ
Сʶġϵ֮һһŻϽ˵ϡ
Сһûп˵ٴΰοҸ϶æûҡСģһæԼ˭ˣ˵ǵˡϰˣûµġ
˵ԼЦ
˵ĿɲЩרĹ״̬𣿿һʻõӣСû֮ǰôˡ
˵ͷУ´æ˻ͷġ
ȻͺкźһŴպȥ
ȥԼҶġ
ųôһ˳϶ҪֱȥӪؼҶ֪ʲôʱˡ
ĶȻǸȴȥ
ôһŵλãСʹźȥ˺֡
˵˽⣬ôԶһ˲ϵǮƱȫùǿ϶ꡣ
Ҫ֪֮ǰٿǮѼеȫͨƱȫˡ
ΣǼֱǱҪظɵľͷģÿ˵ı϶˺ôһ¨
СĻЩ׵Ŀרȥ°ģڱϿȥ˲ߣҪжš
û뵽ǡ
ں֣ҵһʱŵװ·İ⣬ʲôҲûС
˶ŵĵɴ۾
磬ˣ󱦾ȵתͷһߵĴס
Ҳһ¡˵
˵꣬ԼҲŵߡ
ǰֵֺ˻϶ߵĲˣտģʲôһĿȻ
ûʲôİ
ˣȥ˵ɡСǸд
ۼ⣬һӾͿ¶һɫĶ־͸ˡ
ȻӳһɫĴֲӡ
һȺСС򴽣εĵѲóˡ
ȻֻһСӲǿһɫɴ
ң
˻ãôˣ֪һ¸飬椵Ȧ˲ͺˡ
˱죬վԭֱţأӦҴĺööأвɫʣӦʮɫɫǦأ
˿˭Ҳӻ
ˣȥ˵
Сÿͷ϶ȻҪǸŵԼı¨Ȼ󱻴һ˹ȥ
ҲżС̾ͻ˼ҡ
СϵǰҲȷʵظ˱֤һǴϣԽʧҲԽǻ᲻ˡ
ⶼǿġ
СĵǣǮŪĶȥˣ
⼸ķޣԼ˽ģӹͲСˡ
Ӧ˺ӵ¶˵
ǿ϶³
ôô˰ȫȫĻˣֻҪû£ν黹ƽġ
Ϊ֪˼ҷѵۣһϣûκôûɫĹţһӼΪ徲ĳ˶
ˡǼﷹóԣҶûгһٱˡһ߲ȥĳһ
ڳˣҲﲻסˣڴСʵǲǻбûûĶˣҪȥã
˵ŻǴ۾һգһգģ۵Ŀ
һ泩Ҳıڸˡ
Ǹ椰е¶û´Σ´ΰ
ӻͱֹȵ˲ֵĶ椣еϣȫ˿֮Ҳ̲סˣžžવĵ
û´ˣҲˣ˵ֱ꣬۾ʹ࣬°ʾ˳ȥ
С̾˿æԱ߹ץһѹ֭˴׵˴һ£°͡
С࿴һֳۣƳһ£ͬʱ̾˿Ȼһ˳ȥ
ӡǹϳɵǰŸЦˡ
Сվһˮ
Ȼڻûе۷ģ۵ļڣɽʵһļʻϵĵطżģҲܸۡ
Ϊ̫٣ϽóӴ
СɴЩϴһƿƬûµʱ͵һЩˮȡ
ˮˣҲûж˵һ仰תʼʰ;ߡ
ˮҲѣôĿһֱ˺þãȻһ¾Ц
ҲǮĶˣ
Сӵֶסˣ̧бҲͲ˵
Ϊ﷢ʦ֮ǰ֬ӣȻѾͷͿʼԼŷá
ΪҪ͵ˣ֮ǰСԼʱ±ͷѹЧЩʤ
⻹㣬ƺЩƷоȤȻͿʼԼĥƷ֡
ڵС︻ĺܣ֬˪ֻˮøֻĥۣĴࡣ
Ϊ֪˽ؼңˣҲǾĴġĨ֬ѶгۣͿһõ廨ƵĴࡣ
ʹΪԷȥЩǷ۷۵ɫԵ촽ۡ
˵ĻѵõĴһСƢ۾ɵôģ۲תǴһ˿ġ
ûһԶ󷽵ģ
֮ǰûмģֻ˵һӾˡ
ȫûԵ־ͽϱ˹ֱӰԼϡϵ˫ʹս޲ýԼ
˵˭˵Ҳøϱ˵
ͷϱĲ϶е㡣ŻȴĲɣ̵Ѿʵȥ
Сûзı˸һҪɾʱȴܵ˳ȵĺԴɳƵ
һˡ
ϱտʼ糺죬̶ԽԽ죬˼ּ٣ŵӵˡ


66 
͵һվ, ϱߡ
С˿ʰһӣͼȴ
ûиߵſ, ͱֱĴײ˸šȥ, ǸС椵ĶҴ׸ˣ
װ˴ˣһС
СŴ, ʵڲ׻һС
ô, Һú˵
, ŶСϪץϺ, Ȼ֪ĶһСҲ˵, ˶Ĺ֭Ⱦ, Ѷŵ۵Ŀޡ
ȻҺʹ׸׷ȥˣܲˣͰȫӵ˱ϵĲݴȫˣ
˷ʳҴ׸Ŵģ
˵󱦻һ߷߲ƽӡ
ô˵, Сˡ
ҵĺƽʱȱ, ҲѳԵ̫ϡСǿڸҪ, СŮ붼ֱӸ
ƫƫȴѡȥ
ɣ󱦺ʹ׷ȥǸˡ
ʲôǿ϶ʳ
˷ʳ, ׿϶˲, ˴һҲ
ǡ
С˵û˵ɶûС, Աߵֱӿ
±鼫˵Ĳˬ, СǶȻܹóǵһһ
ڼﺢӰ˸ˣٶҲ϶ǹ˲ˡ
֪ɶţűȶ椻С㣿е㲻ȷ˵
ˣǳ¹ҵĺӣ
ϵɫһ䣬Ҳ˲Ϻ˵תߡ
¹С֪һרһԹһˡļҲŹˡ
˵װѳ¹ҵĺӴˣҲɵһͷۡ
ݳСϪܣԶԶľһСĺ
ˣˣСֻϣײҪǳ鷳źá
Ͻּӿ˽Ų
ת䣬ߵСϪߵʱȿȴϪΧһȺˡ
ɶʱܿˣ
Сﲻʱ˵ĺȻðôһ仰
ʱǰѾƿȺȥһ˴ӱסʦܴ򣡡
ǣʦɲٴˣʶСҪѺӴ򻵵ģ
ʦ˼СѾ˵˲ʶ⣬ɱˣѽ㿴ŵá
ӪſңС첻Ϸߡⶼ˷ʳˣٲǻˣ
ͷʹŵĸ첲ֱɼʹҲһûɿڣ˵Ҫԭºӵӡ
Ͻүү˵ˣȻҲͷû취һ߼İסһתͷվһ߻Сҭкǳ
үүҲˣкصĿš
һ߿һ߽߬ŵ̯û˷ʳϴϴܳԡûȥģûԹ
ûԹͿȥ˵Ķˣǿ
˵仰һ˵˸ˣܲ˵ľͳкȥ̧žҪߡ
Ҳرóǰ˺üЩе㱧סˡ
үүʶԣǻ˼ҡ
ʱȺȻܳһСŮ۾޵׵ģһᡣȥһѴкǣܵ˱֣վ¿ǵĶ椸ǰ
ȳľһȻѾк߬ǵݵСŮĸǰһĿ㣬ԲҰǸ㣬ԭҸ𣿡
ǣ˵Ŀⶼת˶椣ԱΧ۵˸иȰģСԭǰɡ
ǣϴϴܳԣʶҲ֪
Ҳ̲סŶ椺Ů˵û£˵㲻ˣ
ɾԱߵ˼ùǺҲû̻شŮ˰죬ȻȻһ¡
һĽʣզһ
˵ţֽĿתվһߵк˺棺磿ΪʲôܳһҺҸͲܳһ
˵껹һվСߵĴ󱦣ǳ൐
󱦣
꣡
˶ⲻƵķӦЦˡ
ʱһ˴ĺСѾͷ˼˫̥˫̥㶮ͬһģܳһ϶˫̥ˣҪҪҲһԶܵã
ģˣ
۾һȻɿ׵ֳС˹
ʣµĻ˻ȥ

ϣѾͷˡ̫ˣ
жôһնʱͱˣѾûȥעʦӵ¶ȫתͷȥʶһ̥ˡ
˽ˣѾʼִ˲ƣĶԱ߲Ϥ˽
һٶ˥ߡ
£ʦȻûа취ٶӶˡ
ųʹ˸ɫСе㲻鲻ԸĹȥʶϪȥϴϴȥˡ
ȫ˹ȥ
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ʦƢ
һƵĿǸͷӻСأʲôܺú˵ʹó¹֪ˣ
ۣ۸ƨ
Ҫ΢һģܺô裬ϱˣҶأ
˵һ仰ʱ˵˻ŭ⣬˵һ䣬Ѿˡ
С֪쵽һ϶ÿһ˶ԼĹ¡ûеʲô˲õҲµ˾ıܵµ
һȥ˹µ˼ûУϽЩ߰¶ˣؼҡ
ȻȴûҪؼҵ˼
̾˿߹˵źȻȥ˯ɣõҡͳʦǻؼң˳¹Ǻú̸̸֪Ӳܻ
˵ְ꣬С˸죬ƽȴ¶ǿҵĲԸ
֪ȥ϶¶СȻûֻܵ˵ͷ˵
ߺ׼תȥкѾͺãСϪһŵļС㡣
һתͷȴ˾վȺ׼뿪
æס
һӵֻ֮ǰһֱûпաҪȥûʱ˵˵
סĶˣԷûаС˵ţͳǹȥ
ԭҪߵģȴû뵽Сʱסһ£ȻЦЦӭ˼
С㣬סǱְˡ֮˴ȥϤһ»Ҳȥʳó˷ѾԱ
˵̲סСգգ۾С㣬ķóѽܱҶԳˣ
СôҲû뵽Ȼðôһ䣬ʱͱЦˡ
һžúֻص˵˫С˵ʱĸоڴ֮ǰҲ֪ôģСܾеԶ˼
пûпյĻؼﻹкóԵģ֤ǰ϶ûгԹ
˵ţҲѧӳգգ۾
ȻͿ۾Ȼһֳ֮һ΢еı顣


67 
𣿡
ܴһ£Ӫɣ
С, ôһ˲ȻŷӦ˹Цһֱ, Ϊ
æʹ˵ͷ
ȷѾųʦ֮󣬲ͻȻ֮, ֿסСֱ, һ
ȻС²ۣС, 㶼֪Ӫжˡһ, ûЦ
һȺССжʮ˰ɣһһӵģһ·ϰ󲻵ļɹ
˵, ʶڿ˺ȣһµӡ
Ȼż˵ûǷ޳ܵ, ĸӲģСֵ, ֻҪӪһۣȫ̱ȥ
谡, , ҳôûôһˣҵǰҶû˹
С
Ǹоû𡰴񡱣Ҳû˹˼ɣʼ޼ɵ²ۡ
Ҹ֮ǰ˵Ҫһ·, ӪĲ, ܵ, Ϻȡ
, ǶҲ˽⡣Ҹ𣿲˵Ӫһۣɨһ£СȶӶ̳
Сڰɣ
ڣûǸͷţһˣɷġһ·˭ҿʶҶҹܡ㿴Ӫ˹ȥסҵǸ찡ǿǳͷģһȭͷӹţ
˵߸Сߡһ·СNNģ˶Цͣ
СԼþûôЦˡ
֪˵˾Ȼӡ
ףôһȺˣûһסˣһ·ϻ֪Ҫ£пܲȫԱƽ
һ·ϣ϶Ҳǲġ
֮ó˺ժâҬд
Ϊ֮ǰûмĶֱǳ˺棬ɻǺĳʹİ֡
С㣬ҳԹˣⶫźǳԡôˣĶóˮϽ
ˮִСˣ
СЦŰҬˮȻСâһ룬ѹĵطг̸СС˸Ҩųԡ
԰ɣʱ̣֪ˣ۵ϲȱˮ
СһâŽȻʱҸ۾
һӣܹӦǺܾûгԹˡ
һȻ˵һֱҸǸˣĹҲûбˣЩһĸ硣
ںȻãû׼ҵķĸһˣҴһɵطˣ
Сզ֪ԸȻôȤģ
ӦǴ˻ϻӣҲôԼͿʼϲ
С֪ֵCʡʡǣһСĸɲĸȥ磬Сʱ׾Ȣˣһܵܣһá
ǵҲ̸Ͽ̣һԶ裬ϱ̸ϺãԶ͸ǻôһ
е󣬲ʮꡣԿ˵ЩǱѧҵ˵ĸġ
ɼʹԽԽ󣬼﷿Ϊ˿ڶԵԽԽСʱ򣬺͸ĿʼʾӦӦҺ٣ũȥѰһƬء
챻߶ķҲΪʵû˵ĵܵסһݣ͸ɴ˺Ըֱӱˡ
¶С֪ˣͬѧСһ𱻷ֵ˫壬ȻһסǼҵķӡ
Ƶ˷ӣСæץס˻ͷʵ⼸Ů֪ڻסҼǷҼǵе©꣬ûûǰɣ
ôʣһû˼ˬʵĻش𣺡ô©ꣿǰȥ֮ǰϾѾ֯񹤰ⶼһ顣СİɣǷڿɽʵˡݶƬһأ
ı飬С֪˵ĶʵԼﷴֵӦòûз
һŵһЩ
Цżʵ뿪Сǿ϶ܰɣ´μҲ֪ʲôʱˡˣ⼸ûȥŮ֪֪࣬жˣ
û뵽ǣ仰һֱŵЦȴȻ˺öࡣһ㲻֪ϵһγһܵı顣
ôˣС͵һ
Сˡ˵
ˣ˭ˣ
Сǰ̸ֳǸȥеŮӡǵԼ࣬һܹóǱͥĺܺõӡ
ҲڼȽϺõģϾʱһԼķˡ
޸ˡ
ӣ֧Сӣ
СֱԼĶ䣬һֱӣС޸ˣӲŶ󣿣
ǵõǶһȥվġӡʱһĬԵСӡ
ôȢСꣿ
ʮˣҲʮˡ֧˼Ȱƣȵȥ֤͵
С˿ʣ׳ʲôˣ
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ڹȥ꣬಻ǶʮǶʮꡣ
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ҧҧ´۾᣺С趼Ǵѧʦڶ·ŵ͸ũˣѧУĸίֵѧʮͷˣ֪ôͿ˵ֻҪ޹ȥسǡ
ȻСְ˴˵СҪǸҼ޸Ӿ͵ũһӶ
СҲûˡܻȥôڴ˲ģ۶ӣŰԼˡ
û˸Ȣ֧鿴ۣǿöӺġ
˵Ĩ˰᣺С㣬֪Ů֪໹ʣ¼˵һˡ֮۴֪ûŮ֪ˡ
СȻһأҼǵòкü𣿡ȻҲסµ⡣
ûˡ
еȻûãһ֪ಡ˻سˡҲ֪զ£аƵģŮ֪̳¡һѧУѧ㣬ڳʱ򣬱ͷȣȾ˷硣͵ҽԺҲûоȹһ˾ûˡ
һȥ·ܾӳ˦ͷײʯͷϣײ˸𵴡
˺óʱ䣬û취֪ͨ͵ʡǵҽԺ֮ǰ˵ûѣֲˡ
˵еԳЦЦ˶˵Ů֪ණȻôʲôù¶Ǹˣ


68 
Сһ, ָⶼñ
ЩǷǰҼ֮𣿡һųʵ
ǡ, ǡ
ոջش꣬ȻԼ˲Ծ
æͣС㣬㲻Ϊ˵ҷɣôܣ
ҪҲ, ҷʲôϵǰȥ֮ǰ, һסô, ҲһûУ
ѽ, С㣬ǧ룬֪ҾͲ˵ˡ
ȫǰ, ܹó˵Ķﻰڿķܡ
ûУû롣
СҡҡͷҾǾе, ô¶һû˸е֡
ֵͦġҲ˵ͷ
Ȼʶĳܿ˿, ȻͷսСĶߣĵʣС, ŷˮ𣿡
С̧ͷ
ѽ, Ҿһ˵˵ġ
ͷֻʵ̫ˣӦ˵ͺˡСû˵, ŵûæ͡
š
С¶ɡܹӹഫ, һֱڵĶ, Ȼڵĵš
ô˵, Ȼͺ۾
ȻٿСʱ̬Ȼ֮ǰ׽ࡣ
ۣ⹫ǰЩкܶⷽ飬׾֮ġ޵ʱ衣ΪҸ粻ţͶҡ
ǰָҰֱҰЩȫˣһûҴСͰĶȫӡ
㣬ûиκ˵ҷ˫ĵط˸˱ǡ
֪һֱ¶ܻɺЩйء
ʲôǣСˡ
֮ǰһֱΪԼЩǺ͸׵ļйأЩڼ﷭ȥʲôĶ
ɴûεʲôǡ
ôһ£
Ҳ˵áеɡ
·ϵһЩʯͷԱλЩ֦ƽϱ˺ֵܶСӶЩײĶ˭Ҳ⡣
ôΪģ֪Ҫʲô󣬻ڸʲôǡ
ĻС￩һʱ
ȻСǴѧУһҵȥ˴ûнӴʲôˣԵ
˵Щǣʲô˰ڵķˮ󣬿СĶȴʲô֯µļǺš
ڲʱ䳤ˣѧѧ٣ΪֶЩǼǱ֯ѧϰġ
رȷӪʱСԲץж
ⷬһӦ¾ѾԼΪģ˽ˣпܺ͸¼йء
ͱ˵𣿡ڱ
ҡҡͷеãȻûа¾ϹµģҸҸ˭˵
á
Сվ˵е㼱µóȥһ£ˡ˺óԵģԷ
⻰Ȼ뿪ˡ
СûٻݣֱȥרĿңҵ˻ϡ
·Ͼˣ¶ø֯㱨ǻ㱨֮ǰúͼ
˻Ƕոհѻ˸ͷͱ̴ϡ
Сһεĵطƽʱܻרõİ칫ңﲻκ˶롣
ȥţһֱ֮󣬲С˵
СĻԭԭѧһ飬ر˵ǼŮ֪˵ĺıǡ
ȻһֱŵһӴ򿪣ó˸ģûչʾǰǸľӡ
ҸģҲȥ֮зֵġӵԿҲԴûд򿪹
ӵ¶֮ǰûкκ˵ΪܾЩס
֮ԼŵּŽӽ֪㣬ȫΪӻ֡
СϲĽԼ뷨ȫǰˣЩΡ
Ѿúˣڵ˵ʱ
ŵ˭ôǰλ
һˣһĿǰΪֹ֪Ψһˡܹܵõ˶Լʵʵġ
СĻ˶еʮֵ𺳡
ŵĸоǡ˰ˡ
֮ǰľϱΪʲôȻĿڣӼȲҪϵ
ڿӣʺȻ̾ͽ⿪ˡ
Ҳ뵽֮ǰԼûлصȷӪʱϱľдŻȥѼ﷿ӵˣôƯ
ͺδ֪һ
ӿҲΪӡ
ĴڣϱһֱһȥĿܳڵ£С΢״̬
뵽۵סС֡
ϵڣ֪ӵĴڣ
ϱûеġ
ǹɫԴеľУϸĿ˿ǸµС
Ȼ֣С˵ûӣ̫ˣûԿǲȫٻӵ°򿪵ġ
̧ۿ˿СȻȷĸԼĻᡣǾԲͬκƻġ
ЩӣƬ̣ʵ
СĬһ£ҡҡͷ
ǰǣ־úǡ
̧ͷţӦ֪ƬյذɣǶҼҵķӻе롣ҪΪӣǲӦȥҼΪʲôҪȥĿյأʲôǺš
⻰˵ĻͫȻһɿĴĶԻʵǱǳʲôǸĶţȥ԰
Ŵûмʧ̬ģҲʣվߡ
ûгݣϾסˣվȥǿƲסԼ
СĿҲҳѯʡ
ǻת˼Ȧ󣬳̾˿תͷӵĿСһۣǸ˵ûŪĻС¿ģΪǸӡ
Сڵһֱӡ
ø˵ʲô
ܹһֱĳƺѿڶʵ̫ھˣ
ϵĻ߸һֱ֪
ЩΣ˵Щ£˼ȥһֱĥеĹͷҲ벻¶ͻйذ
ôУϵıӵѿȫΡ
֮ǰȷӪʱҿ㲱ϵľƣȻһ㸸ĸ㻹ǵ𣿡
С˵ͷǵá
Ϊ˵ļᣬ䣬еһжԲϣְٷְǽУҾͺͿˣʵֲеĹ
֮£ֻȥԭ
룬ʱòܣ¶й¶˳ȥ
ʲô֪Ĵڡ
˵ʵ¶ȥʱ䳤ˣ˵Ҷˡղǵطо룬Ҷûⷽ롣
Ҳã췴֪㸸׵ܵұȥˡ
Ϊһ֯ж
ŵĶɿ죬ϸոպС˵Ѿˡ
ôҲûй־رǴôһߵһֱߵɽǸµӪ
칫ҵʱС춼Űˡ
С㡣
ڿСʱֱǿ˾һ㣬ȻӲǳţܵĸǰ߬סĸ첲
Ͱ͵ģˡ
ĽţϹЦ
ȻһָָԱߵλº͵˵ͬ־£ûʲô¡˽һЩ


69 
ѵϳЩһһĸгǵõĻ, ܹ
Ϊ֮ǰԼû¾ĥүµЩ׾ĶڿЩͼʱͺܺ档
ǰǵʲôԼ˽ͼԿرϸȥ󻹾Լоо
ڻһ, ûǾȫ˳
⻹㣬һϸڶŹ
ʯͷѶмʯͷСʯͷǸ۶ϵ֦ǰǵһ
ûϺŶ̾Ϊֹ
ӪĲҪŮ, ȻŶİൽӪȥˡ
, ˼䣬Ȼž˵Ҫȥ绰, 㱨Ҫ
æ˵ҲҪȥ
˭ҲûСֻԼȻؼҡ
ô, ѾѾʮ, һƬš
صҵʱ, ѾԼʰ˯ȥˣҲİ
ѹƽʱ˯ʱ, Сô˯ţ
˭ովЩҲܿ, ˯
ȥŷ
ʱţѾǸոյ¹ùãеòˡ
Ȼû˵СܹоڵʲôѾ࣬ѾԶһ档
⻹㣬оڵǳǮ, ٱȵǮˡ
Щӻȡʱ, ƷֵԽԽܹó, Ҳܹ֪Ѿҵµĳۺʵ
⻹㣬Ѿͷµķӷ˲ơ
ӦǺʲô˺ϻ濪˵ꡣ
ΪڸС֬˪֮ĶԽԽ࣬ƷԽԽãһ˾µİװȫ˶صӡǡ
ҲСʱǰ㣬ֻƿװš
Ще֮̾ǰԼôûзСͽܾȻ˾̵
С
ʿụ̃˵ϲ̨ģɶЩŮ˵ȴô¡
Ůʲôԭź˵ģźǻ壬ǲǱ˵ūţ
Ϊݣȳ˸ӵͨ͸
ֻҪܱ֤ȫ׬ǸɾǮû˻Ǯ֡
Ͼ˵˳ʱֻӲǰĸ
ԣõԼµԴСҲһ㲻
෴˵úܡ
ǿͽܣĶӦģ
ȷѾʵ֮СҲƽôˡͽТģյֱ׳ͽҪģҲ߾ȫȥѰҡ
ǣЩӣϵѾѾ
죬Ҫʳ
֮ǰǼҳԷʱ۹һһ챻Ҫ⵺ʳĻǸô죿
ʱϵ˼Ҫ֣δѡ
º˺ܶ취һֱΪ֮Ŭͺڣ˺ܶˣӣũߡ
˭Ҳ֪ǷԭǼɲĻȴСһȥĿ
û¶룬ھ׼һڵϵʳûд֮ǰȻ˴籩أ
¶ɣ룬ԽԽġ
˼֮󣬸ż϶ڵϣҶҪ˵Ρ
ÿһξѣųһ亹
˵Ҫûа취Լ׼ˡ̫æϺҲû׼٣һֱϵڡ
˻ûϽȥ¶㶨ˡ
ʳ̫ãؼʱܾС
ڳﱸõʱôóʱ˵£СͲһӶᷢ
Լȷڹ﷿ĺһͰ͹ȥС˵ԺٸԼĶˡ
ѺӦ֮ȫɴף棬չֵʳƷʱ׼׼С
ͬʱҲüŹ򣬴͹ĺʴﵽٺԼصġ
Ϊ֪ʲôʱЩСæ»˷䡣ڴϵ˺þãһֱȵ̲ס˯˹ȥҲûл
ٴѾ𴲺ŶˡǿһԱ߰ߴ̣ȴһ˿ĺۼûС
ü֪ͻϵ׸˵ʲôôȻҪ˵һҹʱ䣿
СӴ
ʱ仹磬Ƕ˯
ʵ˯ˣˮͰ׼ȥˮϴ׾Ϳһˡ
ոճţͱӭʯڸײ˸š
ɩӣôȥˮҡ˵žֹСˮͰ
Ϊƽʱϵ̫ˣСҲֱӵ˹ȥȻЦʵϵܹҵģ
ʯںٺһЦǿ϶İҲɩӣܵ߸ʲô
˵ţͷе㲻˼ĿСɩӣǸӪҲû취Ҳ֪զģųȻͷҪȥŲһˣ˵Ҫ¶Ҫ
Ҹ˵ų˵ꡣŲˣҲɶû˵ǻˣ˵ҪӪ˼롣
רŴҹ˿ͧӪߡҲ֪զģ
ʯǸһӾǻġ
һ£ӪɩӣẢӣ䶼Ҫĥ˼ӡ
˭֪ԼӪɩӵĸúá
Ÿոջ˻û˵ϼ䣬ֱҹлŲ
ʯڴϾͿʼģɩ֪ﲻˣͷٸӪɫ
ǣӪöԩ
ԣ𴲺һ죬ٶˣŻŵľСˡ
ʯڶƵ˵˰죬Ͱˮ˼ңС˼
ԼˣӪСЬء
֮ʵûסЦ
ˣˣɸϽ߰ɣԼһϱûеĵĥ¶ͦࡣ⹦򣬸ϽôҸϱɡ۵ϲоҪкʵĹϵģ̸һ
С˵Ҳﻰ
Ϲࡣ
Ǳĵطһ껹һ̽׼٣ٲҲͨţ̽סҶ󲢲ʲô¡
ط˽˳ȥ̶һ
սʿ껹ԸԱʯָɲǣп궼ûµĻᡣ
оϵʵĹ̸һǣؼңɾͳϴˡ
ʯôҲû뵽ΪӪ飬ȴɩ˵Լϡû׼ʱ˸
ɩӣҾ͸˵һ£֪СӪɱ˵꣬תͷܡ
ҲҺС˵һ䡣
ǸĶӵļƣСʵûסЦ
ʵʯҲˣȥʲôҲû˱ô
Ȼû뵽Ȼӣӵϵ¬ƽԹ˸ߣһ뵽Щ£п˶һȫС˵ɺá
ɿ죬Լûиܹģͺ˶ӯˡ
뵽ԷҪúõĸлһǸ
ģ¾Բôͱơ
ߺ󣬻ϵʱ˵ˣЩʶֵЩۼ൱֮
пͬһˣͬĿġ
Ȼڻ˽ʲôŵʵѾܹ˳ˡ
ưĿͻһרңЩըĿ꣬ʱרĳԱڳ
һϼ쵼רԱٵĳ롣
ˣȫɢΪһĳԱ˭Ҳ֪˱͵ʲôط
Щ˾ͼˣ϶Ҫ㣬뾡һа취Ѱǵ䡣
ƫƫʱͨоȥС
ӦϢǴй¶˳ȥ
Ȼûг棬ɺôҪҵˡ
Щһֱûв鵽ר䣬֪ˣǼùǽˣһҪҧ˲š
ҺõǻҹȥʱСѾ뿪ˡ
ûа취ҵͲұ¶Ŀֻ꣬ڴˡ
ǹΪΧ˵ĴˣҲĽƻ
Ӧ֮Ѿϵȫĳɰˡ
ƴҲ벻ǵģǡþЩǽʾ֭İš
˭ʱ˲ãƫƫһϸֽأ
һ뿪Ͼͽ֪֪ȫһߣоݵ˵˳һ㣬˿˿ۣ޴ӷ
٩٩̸ʱСֱˣʵڲԼøӵզģ
˳羴֮ġ
һеȴΪջֱӾͺˡ
ȻûеСָϣ˭ܿó
ԼҲףΪһƵרңΥ˼ɡ
˱涨ͬϼ쵼㱨˽ԼĹϵϵڱ¶ݡ
ǳںԭǳԶˡ
пΪԼĴĸЩŮ֪Ĳңһ㻪ĺܡﰵ¶˾ģлᣬһҪֲܵ
ǶѰС±ڡֻԼûҵİ취
ϾǴε飬ܾͻʧ˺СϣⱲӶûлҵǽҵѪˡ


70 
Ϊ̫¿ɸ, жصʵС׼зǡ
зⶫܷţһʾͻḯ, Ҳܳˡ, ÿѲߴ̻, Ҷͳһӡ
ǶڴʳõĳԷ, Ѿ˵ûʲô⡣սʿǲԣԵô, µľԽԽˡ
, Сͽû˳ԵзҪˡ
Ųæʱͺһз, зⶼֿƿš
ʹ, ⶫҪô棿СԷŵ°ĲֿΪڸˡ
ʵ, ˼ٲֱ˺ööΣϺ, з⽴Щȷʵ˲ֿ, Ķ˿ռ䡣
ɽʱֿȻ£Ҳʮ, ڴǲܵġǷڿռֲַʡ
óһЩɱˮ, Сʼ档
Ҫֽǹؼ
Ҫøտˮ, ÿӽɢ, ״, ΢һ֮Ҫࡣ
Խ, Խ͡
Ҫ뱣Ľ, Ҫ΢һΡ
רҲһʱˣڵúܡ
Ҫôһ棬Ϊ˵ԭҲˣܹ㺹ôٳ
ͺõϴʪţСַɿܵ˵ȥժһϹۼ
ɽϵرʺϹϵ
Ϲϳִֿ˵ҶӶ½Ҫʺܶࡣ
Ҫ˵Сǰ֪ϹϵҶҲܹԵģ֮ƽɨä
۵ҶӺһسһ£ʲôգ÷ʲôϣֻķһΣζˬۣóԼˡ
ʮֺθڡ
һԳ֮СֱǴһĴţϾˣϹʵ̫ң̫洦ɼ
Ӵ˺ⶫҲ߲ϡ
ȣϹڶ
Ѵڹзóݷõĸɱһ飬еϸϸĽĩ
һƾƽϾȻֵϣϹȣ浹ըĲ͡
Ŵһһ˴ѵζ
Сһĵ˵ͷ
ϱӵѾ֪˶ٴˣȫöӡ
ÿٺÿһֲͬĻ͡뵱ڹٽҲû
Ȼǲ¶ġʵʱŬ׾
ϰֶؾܲصסġӦһԲ֣ġСԪѾڷ˸ϡ
üʮȣС״һģһ˵ϵһһһ
ӣϳԽӣ
Сͷɻʱ򣬳ű˴һƿȻСһһ˽
׵ﻹűⵣǽˮͰġ
ôѾʼæˣһʶľתͷҪȥ
ÿء
Сε̾˿ȣһߺҪԽһ˵ϵĶ椸Ƶһ߶ŶС˵ˮѾˣǲùܡȥȥȥϽС쵰ȸŪһ߶ȥҸɻ
׺ٺЦһҲӻ߹ȥڶԴҺ廹ûüǱϾһѣȻſߣæϡ
ʵҲǺᣬѣʵСѾͷ׵ĺܡ
֪ڸרүү飬ǵ󲻵õġ
ԳȥɵĸŸȥϴϴȻԼСӺʹһȥĲ˵β׽ȥˡ
ƽڽǼֻȫҪˡ
ڷѾʳ֮ʵ޼ƿʩֻڽ޶ҪĹС
ɼˣĵһһĽɩӣ㻹Ҫ취ǸȻһֻһֻҪǾȻˣһզҲܸ¸ϼо仰˵ƨɾСܲг˾;ԣв
˵ԭѾӶռ˼Се㲻˼ĵ˵ͷ
ؼҺô׺ʹȥ˵֦Χ˸ѣֽȥŪòҶӺˮι
ȻӦƽҪȣ˽ʵǸԼ
ԽȻеܡ
СôҲû뵽ǣȴԴġرǶ椣ǿ˵ǽ⼸ֻĸα
ÿȥҶڳӲ˵û󻹻ڼԶǰѲ˳ꡣ
⻹㣬űŴ׸ЩȫɽϿ˴ӣֻһСŽļѡըɽʱᰤѼץȥ
ʱ䳤ˣһըɽԼˡ
һʱСȵķ֡Լϣ˿ա
ÿȻˡ
ȷʵҪȫľϲ˵ƽһŵֻҪܱ֤ǵ彡Ժر椿ÿһ
ǣСѾͷ͸жˡ
ΪҵĹȸרڰǵķ͹ȥ֮󣬼˲Լġ
ԣﴫһζɼӳżʼ¿ˮûһȥҡ
ڴ󱦶ιʱ򣬴ѾɨԺȫɨһ飬ļҲɾˡ
ѾˣһҲáСóͷרõĺ׼װʱźȻӦһ㽪֭׹ȥһԡ
ڳתһȦҲûҵܹװ׵ƿӣ;ȥÿŵһСɹޡ
ոߵûüã󱦵һУС͵ץС͵
Сһɹ޶ˣתͷܡ
ϾȻС͵ܵԼˣ
Ǵûй¡
һߵſھ̲סüͷ
Ǹʶ
ֻ˿̵һץŲӣڳſڵǽϡ
ױ߳˿ɲֹһͷһվʶô
װڣܹûʹɳʶҲѹƵһҲˡ
󱦺Ͷ椶վڴ׵࣬ʱȫߵĵ󱦸̧žҪߡ
ߣ
СæֹӣȻ첽˹ȥ
͵͵ۼҳ˽ӾߣҲ֪涢˶೤ʱˣúܡҪҿˣͰѸרүүǵĽӸˣ
ߵŸ״
һ˵һֶݺݵĵǸʶһۣզɶ͵͵õǣ͵ǼҵĽӣզô
ûûƤĸѾߣȴСٵס죬ѻ˻ȥ
С˿ʶĺӡ
ֻһɫĺһɫĿӡ·ܹóµģӦΪġ
ȴ֪˶죬Ǻɢһ˵Ĺζ
ݣݵ˾һƤŹͷ¶ĸ첲ȶȥûкĶ椵һ֡
˿̵ĳʶװסӣ̶ǽϣΪѣƵһɫ
ʼʱ£ȷѲ֮͸ɴһҲˡôվţһɱǿŰɵĻ첻ߵģ
ֻȴĸ߬
Сֿ˿е㵣ǸճĽܰϵƤơ
ףɿ
ô˵е㲻鲻ԸķſǸʶ
СһָɣֱӳСľһȻǳ˵һԲ𡣡
˵꣬תߡ
Ƕһǳɣһ
˭Ҳû뵽ڳһСȫˡĿŽӴӴſ˳ȥ
Сֻñ⺢һθۣȴ֪Ҫô˵
ôˣڻŵתͷС
ץס½ǣС죬ʹĳ˳
Ŷſڴ˵ᣬҲ
û˵վԱߣĿŴš
ɴСλãȴĿһһģĥ
Ժ˫̥ߵ̫ȥüһȥ䵥
ڹŮԴģ˵
˵ͽϴһݿʼæͷˡ
С£ǡôܣ
ϵĺӣ飬Ҿʲô˽⣬Լ˻ΪСŮ¶ܵǼҸҴ̸ôá
Ҳʲôöû
Ѳ컹ȥ״Ȼٱһ٣
ɴҲûá
ı֣˭Ҳܹ״ҲãҲã⺢Ѿ𲻵κˡǸô죬һ֪ÿүү϶ȫһ̡
ϰˡ
Сȥ˽ӡ
˼ҵ¶ľǹܺԼҵģ˱־롣
ȻĸȣĶ࣬ᵢʲô
ɴϵıôһȫ˵ĺ鶼ƻˡ
Сȥͷһ·ϲ˵Ҳͷβûһ֪ĥʲô
ؼ֮ʣµڶٵİȣ˼ӳԡ
ǰװ֣͸ܹۺɫڵĽʢÿ˵Сһǵϴٴ¶Цݡ
˺þõڱɢ
СҲһ
һҧȥ̲סü
ȻʱͲµζ϶ȴû뵽óԳӡ
з⻹ʣȻʵɱΪɹɺݷģʵζӵŨÿһĿ׽ʮֵľͬʱζʮ㡣
Ϲ˱ûʲôζ²ˣ۲ζƫƫһֱ߲ûеˬĿڸС
з͸ɱǵһճϵĸоǱζкͣʹ֮ӵ䲻˵ȥһ߲е΢ĿڸС
֮ԭֻҴȣζõ˳СԼ
ٰһ㣬ǵԡƷζ˰죬˵ôһ仰
ţǰһ㣬óԣæ͡
ʱ򣬶ȴ̧ͷſȻתۿף׸磬ȻȥŪӰۼŸϣǸ˽
΢΢һ㶣Ȼ̵˵ͷСҪٸҴȣ
˵˵
СһۣȴԹŮ࿴
û뵽ƽʱ￴ȥεεɶ֪СŮԭҲǸġ
Ȼ޳ɸ
ɽ֮ǼҵԺŴûϹ
һҺͱ˼ҲһҵԺӺרҵʳͨģȦһԺȻרǻûԷйҵʩŸҲʡ
οҲֻǼԺӣܸ⻯
ڳʶԺ֮ǰСûô࣬Ϊ֮ǰԱʵ̫ˡ
רҺӪսʿ˼ңǺҡ
Ҳô˭˭ϤĺܣûģҲûвĵġ
ɽϵ¶СʶѾȥˡ
쵺˶ʮˣʮüͥ˭Ҳʶʲô˽⡣
⻹ֻǵһԺԽԽࡣ
ջ֮ǰĹ滮ӦûоԺ˻ӵĸӡ
˶ĵط¶ҲࡣοĺииƢԡ
ֻʶСӣССֵ͵ԵģǸӣҲֲʲô¶
Ժ᲻ỹ鷳¶أ
Сõ˻øú˵˵ص˺֮ľҲûֳȻԽԽѹ
ֻǣЩ϶ͺ˵ֻǾһ´ףȥǸС鷳ͽǺȥˡ
ûʲô¶׼ˣϵʱԸ
ô˵ǹﶼæˡ
óֽһҪĲ˵
Ůвϲģοһȱǵѡĵһʹ
ǳļ򵥡
ǰѶƤеȥȿȻг֮кõĶÿˮһ̳ٹһˮ֮ˮ֡
ƵˮʹˮûݼСʱͿˡ
˼򵥣Ҫʱݣֻнȫݽȥζźóԣھ
֮⣬ʣµĲȫɺʡ
ɽϴľõˣϺʲôĿѾϡˡǴ½İڴ֮ǰûȥ߶һ
˵㰡ϺЩӦҲѵõζˡ
ʣڿ˵ҲûʲôܹѵסСˡõ㶫ǰǰûûĥʵĳԷһּײġ
죬С׼ȥ°ƽҪʣԼĴ
ô˵Ǽҵ˽£뻪ǻһ
˶ӵģڲ֪£ȸ˿ࡣ
ڣռСǺܶġ
򣬽гзʹһ֮ǰö࣬ڿռ䱣Ѭ飬ܿĸ˾ʹˡ
֮⣬׼һ˿ϵ
ĲһһͣôҲǺˡ
ȥ˵ժһСϣȰʹˡʱֵҪ緹ʱ
ȥͷʱ򣬿ȻϵζĴͣרȫ˼
׷׸˵ԺҲҪôˣҪϻ̫Ĺ
⻰СȻӣֻЦҲû˵
ӣרǸӵĲʹҪ뿪ʱ׷˵ˣ粻Աģͳͷո͹ȥС
С֪˼ǿ࣬ڸʡ¶أܲ졣
ͷǲʵģȷ涼ҪþáֻͨҪʹ°ǰ˵һǾͻ׼Ҳȥ
СֻҪһС
룬ʸ
ú׵Ļϣ뵰ϸСͷеϣ˳ȥҲûġ
ĳһ㣬ƢθģֻԸҲܳԱ
֮С߳˳վԺ溰ףףȥһ˴°࣬˵һ£רͬ־Ҫͷ
ǣ˰ҲûӦ
ԴǴΰ˴֮Ҳûгֹ
ӵȥĶأ
ɵ˼
ոߵſڣûйϵĴţСȻһݣʶͣ


71 
Ŵ, СȻ˸ղųԷʱ˵Ļ˵ҪȥŪӰŴϣʱǴӦ˵ġ
Ǳֹˡ
Ǿ, Ӱ첻á
ִ֮΢Ĵ·ʽͺҲͲ, ûж˵
, һȺСȫûӰ, СһӦǡ
𲻻ȥ˫̥ȥ˰ɣ
, ܡ
Сһٻ飬ڵҲûǡ󰡣Ĳ˵, ǿӣӿհġ
뵽, һͷ, žߡ
Ϊż, СµĲӾе졣ոߵӿ, һ䣬ͱӭһͺСӸײ˸š
СһֱֱĶײ˹һͷײظϣ۵Сϡһû۳
, Բײˣ
СȻҲһ, վֱ־Ҫࡣ
Сһ, ǿӡ
һѰСĵһ, ʹһ£ôɶҪײ, ղʰ㣡
˴ǿҲ, ڴ˵, ȻͳСٺһЦС, ҪǴ׸˵ܿ㣬Ͻ˵һҲǡ
ô˵СһֱŵǷ
׼Ȼܼ˻Ŷ˵ûʲôԼ¶
뵽⣬ˡ
Ǹɶȥˣأ
׸ץץϺأЩ˶СϪϣڸѧ
׸˵ˣҪЩСмˡȻ׸˵һȸ˵һǵ˾ͻ
ô˵СЦˡ
ǿӵԴģˣȥɡ˵ˣûʲô£ԼСǵñ˻ͷС
׽ʮ꣬˵ҲǸССĶв̰ģ
ǰûʲôӡ
ڣһкŮӦþСˣȻҪһϼ죬ϤϤ
οԴڵϵϤ̶ȣͲ룬ҲǺͷ
ֱ˴ӵݵĸоһܺðɣ
Сһﶼֲ˼أ
뵽С·ѾһŲͷıȴϸĴһȺСܲ龰
ԽԽ棬̲סЦ˼
ûôףԼȥ˴°࣬
ʱһŮһڴ°ſڵˮױϴˡ
е㾪ȣЦų֣С㣬զˣ
СߵǸǰ
СΡô
ǰ
æվ
ʪϵΧȹϲ˲ȻָָҲվŮСܵС㣬ǻûɣ
ҲκһϵģǹŮסǰŷҺ󶼷ֵ°ˡ
˵꣬ǸŮӳСЦһ£ԹɵĽһС㡣
ǹһͻϵĸ߹ҲΨһһԷޡ
ʱϵӵʱ˵סǰһŰɣӰ߼·СӡΪ̡
˵λŮϸĿۡ
Ӧú䣬˴òϿȴȫͬ͡
ֵ͵ıŮӵĳࡣ
ĸӣԲԲȻΪԵĲãȥеݣȴȻ˵ĸоֽʴ󷽵ġ
ԾϷŮˡ
СݣƤ׵Ľ͸ܹõƤµѪܡ
ְֻȴϸİףе㷢࣬Եе㲡̬
黨裬еݻƣ˵ССģϸϸġ
ȴһҼ
СֻһָоŮӾһϸһܵ֡
е㲻һŮ費ߣԼôôɳģ
˵˼仰С˵ȥԷ¶
˵˿ЦҲһɡ°ֱӹС
֮ǰ˵ҪԷѾҪرˡ
СԼҲһϣæ˼İ˰֣ˣˣԼȥɣϻûȥʰʰ
СĽҴʲôǵʰǹϿ϶ҪӰ࣬һСҵԼڼҲûʲô¡ˣҿһ
ھӵģ̧ͷͷοԹϵܲûһһĵ
˵꣬ҲƴǵĻᣬ;Խ˴°࣬ȥƽˡ
һţСֻԼǽƶһƬãã治ˡ
ΰ೤ΰ೤ֻվſڳС
ˣˣƽҴҵĴ˳ȫǺ
ɩӣզˣ
Ҿ˵һרǽͷʱ
ô˵ƽЦȻָָ棺ɩӣǿ̫ˣأ˵ʮҲеİ
˵еԵõͷɩһûü˵أ¿˸ɽ㲻֪ɣ¶ȿɵˣȥһܰ˶ô¡ǰȥרǱ߽˸¶ȼɩӣ²Ƕٶȣ
ٶȣ
ȣ
ƽȫǼ̾ͱŹǱ߸˺üףֿ⡣ԺҲ¶ỵˡ㿴
źһӣͷ
Ǳ飬൐д԰ڡ
УСĵĳ˸Ĵָ
ϢҲرĸˡ̫ˣʳƷĴһֱһŴҵĴ⡣
Ϊûҹܶʱֻ
ͷЩһζһģΪ»òÿһΡʵ̫˷ˡ
̻ĺʣҲΪ޷ҪôҪôǿȴҶٶٳԣԵġ
һȻѣܶ˵ӭжˡ
ƽȷҪͷС˼ҡ
ʱѾˣԺ⡣
ѾӳԼ׼ĲµҪʸˡ
Ӵָӹٲˣ٩
׵ͷһʲôҲûӣȴֱת˸ú󱳶
СλãܹԵĿĶĺ
˸̿á
١۸ףС߽˳ȻͿͷͷվ̨ԣҲ֪ĥʲô
˱ֹģ漫ˣŶû
ɶأǣ

ͬʱת
椳¶һЦߵߵܹ½Ǿק㿴ץ˶㣡
СŮߵ̨ߣŷ̨Ϸƽʱõ´裬дСҰԼϺ
ӴǴ˰С޵
һֱ֪ɽϵСϪϺģ֮ǰˮʱҲ
ֻǣŴ󺣵ˣЩСϺʵûʲôȤƽʱû˻ȥץ
ҲǴˣżСһȥ˵ץ򾣬ܵϪȥϺ
Ҳĳɷָһ㣬ͨǵһֱӸŻȥˡ
СҰһ椵İô󣬻ȫǴ̣ûϡ
ƽʱõġ
ôˣ
ôŪһͰˣ
ǿɻŸͣҴ׸˵ˣҪǿ㣬Ϻԣ˵ˣԼζǴҪȥɽժŽҪȥҹӡ
Ҵ׸ֹˣǿǼȥҺѼӵڸۣм˸ȥҲջĿӡ
׸˵ˣͶɳܣ͵˼˼ҵʲô£ԾԼ
С͸ǹƵģNNNһ˵˺ö࣬˵С𾪲ѡ
˵ˣſʵǳ¼ҵ˫̥أҲһȥ𣿡
ôʣ椶ʱ־ͣһͷŤһ߲ˡ
죬ż˵˵ˣֻҪҲԸɻͿԲμӡٷһ͵ΪͰǳ״ǵɽСֶȥ
ɣСֱҪˡ
ɰ
椾죬һ˵˵Ǹʶ绹ҪȥҲءҲȥ
˵ţ˹סСȣֿʼ
㲻ĻҲȥҿզ죡Сڣ󱦾Ȱø˻ȥ
öתȥԺ󲻸иˣһ㶼ң

˵Żʱ򣬴׶ʰõĻ˽
µС˳ȥ˿ٵĽרǵ緹׼˳
˺ʸС⽫Լݲ˸װ˰뷹Уǿųͷ
ȥȡͷ·ϣСڻʳԼһֱʵģզ뵽ַʽʰǶ˫̥ģ
Сӵ˼ʵںò¡
˫̥ΪýɵһμСͿˣȻÿγͷЩ͵µĶǸʶóҲѲ˸ϵ
Ĳ˵ʶȥЩûһԼԵġϵȣֶ̺߬ˣҲûһڣžҵķܡ
С˴󱦺ͶˣָǨõ¶̫ˡ
ƽСһһˣһˣɶ椵Ҫʲôûв쵽ġ
ҪʰʶǸСѾͷ϶Ҳһʰˡ
ܹ뵽¶СţȻҲ뵽
״һȺСһ׽ϺҲѾˣǾԲǺ̰棬ĥķʽıǶСõĶϰ
ϾԽСԽһٴҲܹ꣬СǽɣҲø̫࣬ȻջǺǿġ
С飬ͷǲ
ˣĺϾһƣզˣ׼˲Ҳţ
ô˵׵Ķٴοʼ죬һſһ䣺Ҳ
һ仰˵СϵЦĵˣһʧȥ
Ȼ˵˿ڣʣµĻҲ˳ˡ
·Ҳûˣڴ׵ҲԸ׽ģѵõĴ˻ϻӡ
Ҳ֪ڶ˵ʱʲôҪпڳԵģҲȥ
ҧҧӶе㷢졣
ڴʱһε˶彻ӵʱװ֪˭ҲʳȥţҶҿţҶſڣǸǽˮ
ʱܶ࣬ĥˣÿγŵʱ֮ǰҷġҷģʲôʱҪˣҲ
˵ݺݵĨһǰ˵ǿֳԷģͶԲܳԵİáΪ˿ڳԵģ͵ƭǲŸɵ¶
ţЩӦû˸˫̥ǴСҲûеţٸһλᡣ
СĿǰĺӡ
ΪԵúˣӴܵúܿ죬Ѿˡ
Ѿһӵģ
һ̣ȴȻ뱧񱧴󱦣һ
ôţҲôˡ
Ȼŵʳз·ߣ߹ȥſ˫۽Լһߵĺıһ¡
ȫû뵽СΪŵ˶ɵˣ۾ᶼ˲ȫˡ
ľһ㣬ôӲţԼ˸ڱϰԵĦ˼¡
Сһ仰û˵һºѸջ֣Ȼ¶ʳǰ档
ʲôҲûз
һֱ߳˺üײŻָʶٵĸϡ
ĵطСһκۿ

ԹСǰϺһ£ϿʱŸζ
СһȻˣͽ񽻸ҳŵҲҪͷ䣬һժâ
ĵʵ̫ˣ»СǿԼҵ˯˸ŷǳš
Ժһ򿪣˺Щˡȫǡϴ󡱵ġ
κǵļƻСԼڳʰ㡣
Ұɾ࣬ϺϴãȻΣƬͿĨȣζ
С룬ִӼ﷭˼֮ǰҲϴɾ˺Ϻһ
Щٿ˷ܵ໽Уһ͸˼ѪƵСǣĸо㶫Сһġ
룬վϽڷϵ
ŵĶＸеûʱɹĺȱɣϺɣкײˡ
淭˰죬֮ǰɹСȫ˳
ЩɶǼСû¸ϺʱģͷҲһҲһָ
ǼˣҲûϡ˵ÿμ񵽵ĶһҲһ̲ˡС˾Ƿʯɹţɹ˾á
ҲϰˣÿμһĶԾĶʯϡ
һģҲɹ˲١
ССжʮȻҲ̫࣬ٹһӷˡ
ҲϺԱߡ
æµʱǹ÷ɿ죬Сòһգ۵ĹЩɢȥѰٳʳĺȫˡ
ӦǴ׻Ҫæ׼רǵԽۼĵصٴζҡ
СҵĵһʱЩСռķʢĳɹ
üһֻ˵һüһ
֮ǰСȺСˡ
ôһĹǾȻŪôĶ
ŽʣâҬЩѰˮԲᣬ֮⣬ǻҵҰѼӵʮ֪ʲô񵰡
⣬ǿӵһˮͰСͰĸۣӣȻһȥСз
⻹㣬Ӧûȥ˴°ࡣ
Ҳ֪ôơƽȻŪ׺һа׳ĴϹϡ
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72 
ôһȺС۰Ͱ͵ĳ, С¡ռá̫ʱ䶼е
ȥ棬Լ׼һھܾˡ
ҵĹ˵
˵Сһʱ侹ҲҲʲô
ǾרǱߵķ, ȫѡһЩֲ, ռ̫๦ġ
ϴĴ׺С׻ϻûôԽ˶׷⳴, ϺͨĲˡ
׷ͬʱ, һ룬Ϲϣӡ
󣬽̯
СȥĲ, ʯʵ˺ƵϣȻϹ̵Ļͣʱһζ
ɵȴСһǶ̲ס˾̾
ΪķͲ˶ҪٹԲȫæꡣ
Ǳ߸ոմ˼ϳԷĺ, Ѿ극ˡ
һûС, ׾ʹȺСһѷˡ
ﺢӶȥ, ҲûСȻû, , ׼
Ͼ˵˽ҪҳԷġ
ûһתС㣬С, ˣ
Сæתͷӭӡ
ӴҼҳԷԴͷģ
һ, ȿľһһ, һɾ, ܹóźüͷ
Сһ
ĶЩСͷ
˵ЦЩСһϵˣȻܵ°ŷҪϳԵĲ䷢ĵ˵ϱ֤ȥԷˣҪͿ㿾Ϻһԡ
ΰ೤ҲǺƢҲǡǰѲ˶˲˵ⲻСһǳԲͷ
˵ţϴŵĲͷ˺Щ㡣
СչȥſͷʮüרŷƷСƽ㣬ȫɱãƹġ
еЦ
⵺ϴһֱڣûйôСҲûôֹ
Щӣڴ˵ﶼ˱
ƽƣԲκκһ˷ΪĴ°೤ðѶЩСǡ桱ˡ
Ҫ֪ƽʱϲľ֡ΪӡΪ
죬ɶÿμ˶ⲻˇNN䡣
Ȼ֪˵ҲûãɻǿƲסҪСֹһܲͬӡ
СδѪȺСһҲбˡ̲סĸ̾
ɲ
ЦС㣬ûôСһϣΧǰ೤ǺֵģʹΣεˡ
ҹԼ֪ôӦȺСȫǱˡ
զܽȥǴ°డСǲ⡣
ǵطʲôܽģ
Ҫ˵úܡǽȥԾſںһһΰ೤壬øʲô˵Ĵ·һǰ೤ܵ÷ɿ졣ȥͻزˡ
ǰҲûмֱ̣СǸƭ˵¶ǰҲʵĺܡ
Ǳ˵ЦȻԲ˵Ҳһֱ֡
ˣȽĶվſ˵ģҵطȥ
СȻָָԺŵļӡ
˵Ҫ
㣬æһס
СǿֹԼɵͣ˽ŲĿ
һۣе㲻˼˵㣬ܴܲһȥôտİ֮ǰҲûûԹ
˵꣬ƺԼ˵Ļִ˴Ավһֱ˵ĸ첲
㣬Ǹǣǻȥͷ
Ȼ֪Ҫô˵˰ðôһ䡣
⸱ģСһЦ
°ΪѵġԸտɶһȥǵģ
𼱣ǸȥջĿӶûڳءڼЪЪ˵˵æˣʼˣֱӹȥųԡ
˵ţ˵Ƥգգ۾
һ˲СҲûֶׯ󷽣һԸеŷı飬ǿȥмС
Ȼ˵Ժ󣬼ÿһ˼ǽɩӾǽн㣬ʵһ϶ڸŽС
Ͼְ
ʵҪĻСд󲿷˶ҪС
ͺǰ
˸֮ȥӵģ֪൱Ҳжʮˡ
һꡣ
ʮʮĹڻһ䡣ΪԵĲãŮҲС
ԼСҲܿ䲻󣬿ǰһֱۣϾԼʶʱ޵ˡ
һһСĽţú˼븺ȻǸһеġ
СǵƤı飬ٱźδѵ
Ȼ;áевˡ
ǸС㣬󰡣ʵûס̽Եһ䡣
ʮţʮ˵ʮһСΪĻشһûҪڵ˼

󣺡
ǣ󱦺Ͷ椣
սŹ£ĸ
󱦺Ͷ椵ݲܣһǹģû˹
һˣڸȥʱѾ£ǵĸ׶ųʿֵúԶǵúͻ
ͣȻͬĽеСԺǽС
Ϊ˷·һ׽˺ܶ࣬Ҳȸʱˡ
ҲûԺȫСһ˳
Ϊ˵ҪȥտСҲˣɴõʹѬó
ģտڳҲûʲô⡣
ʹãһѬȻһӾͺ۾Լе㲻˼æͷŤһߡ
ˣ
˵ͷȻۻˮûпסһӾ͵
С㿴Цˣ˼æĲһȻ顣
ʲôҪЦģ˭ûмˣôѬǰҲС˵ţּһ
˼ˣʱһϤζҲܹ׵Ľ˴ص̵ļ
ôʣ˵ͷ
ͨС֪Ǻˣ߶ʱҲӦȥֻͲãԲÿࡣ
ԼŬˣһεΣһλֱӻ˺ü죬ǰ˼Ҵӵĸɲˡ
ҽԺϣ˵ƶѪ鲹Ӫڼ֮󣬴ӾͰ㱨˹硣
Ȼõ֪ͬĵһŲ֤
˵ܹ˻سǣڴ˵һĽѵ¶
صңڿ֤ȴſ˺ü
ԼûдŮ
Ϊĸ̫æǺųġûйȫŰÿ¼Ĺѹӡ
֮ź޲ýеĺóԵĶԣ뾡һа취ӪƷ
ҽ˵һţ̷̣ҲС
֪ȫûзϡ
ͷиС̷۹Ӧ
žܸŪ̷ۡ
̷ۣܱ֤ÿٳ
ʣ˵ǹǼĻȥǮƱ
ʼҲû⣬һֱȥ֪ʱѾûһǮˡΪԿںóԵģ̫̫һ͵͵ܺУԼլˡ
ѬζһģһȥҲûгԹζˡ˵ţ۾
Ҽбľ
СĬĬ̾˿
֪˵ǹûмǮȥʲôʱ¶ǿ˴תƵʱ
ʱΪ¶¶ڸ߶Ⱦ״̬ܶĹӳˣ⵱ȻҲʵķš
ʱ˭ǮأҼһǿŹʳԷӵǮĲȥ̫̫ɲ͵Լ취Ů
֡ΪҪԼҳԵĶլθУΪһֱȥһ
İɣ
죬Сȥͷȫг˿ô׼ģûǩȫ
ʰ֮Ѿ΢Ҳûаôˡһ˼š
û߳ӿڣܹСϪǱߴĺǵĺЦ
һЦȫӿ˽Ų
СϪԱһƽ̹أʱȺӣѾò˻ѡ
ǻ֪Ķ˺ЩʯͷΧŻѰһȦ˿СһǶΧڻѱߣﴮǩϵʳʯͷϣ߾￾
ԶԶģܹһűӳЦ
ȻЩʳʱ򣬶С¼ӹƬƬôĴЩǱϾ仹С῾ҲȷӪʱ򣬲μӹտۻǼӡ
ǣף󱦣ǿӺͻӸǰֱΧ˺üӵߣȫ۰Ͱ͵Ķǣ˵ǵ֡
ǹӶҪˡ
椵ߣкüŶӣرСӲϡôġ
椴ʱǣС֪Ůڸʲô
Ƕܿľǡ
ЩСŶŵߵʱ򣬻ͣһ£Ȼֹɵߵ󷽣ĵ
Сǲ⣬˵һȥȳСŮ˹ȥ
ûߵǰŮʮĿǳ˫̥ó졣
ǺӾȻɵĽſŵôġ
ߵ˶椵ߣŷִʱСŮһ룬װԼ֮ǰкõˮڰСǷš
һǩһˮŽǰӵǺӳԺͻ죬ٵŶӡ
Сû˵һ󿴵龰ѾЦ˵ˡ
ϡĶӣŶʹһڣСѾͷզôɰأˮ㲻Լԣ˼ҷˣʲô
Ȼ˱סҲмֲ˼ˡôʣȴҡҡͷǲУкóԵĶҪһĶԼԶʳ˵ˣЩһժġ
˵꣬Сǣһ䣺ǲǣ
ǣ
ȻûмСɻشȴΪҺ뻮һ
ԣ椵֮ⷬǰ϶ѾǸˣҵõǵϿɡ
Ǽտٶʵ̫ԱߺǵĿֹУûа취ҲˡɻС
֮ǰ㣬Ըֳɵ뷨Ѿȫˡ
ǰûԹԶʼʱտĶֻܸܲСȺ«ư
ⶫҲûʲôѶȣܿ˼ɡ
ǼðæԼܿԣǻ˳Աߵˣ˵ļ룬ܿÿСӵﶼһõʳ
׻˵⣬ﲻšǿõֳվɿࡣ
ҲлὫһõϺŽԼˡ
óԣһ̾
ǺóԣóԣҲ͡
ǸղһﻰҲſˣʱҲָ˿ʵıԡ
һֻúͮͮϺҪСС㳢رóԣ֮ǰҲСϺģҴ֪ôԡ
ԭԼζСô᲻֪òóԣ
ʵֳԷûʲôȤЩʽݣرЩСԼģ\ܶ඼ˣܺóԵĶ
ԵģһԵø˵ĺܡ
ڿĲ˵ʱСǰͷҲˡ
ÿýƽƵͷɿڵĿϺ㣬߲ˡÿӼԳεĸо
˵ҲûгԹôóԵĶ
ԴӴ˵ֻҪԸɻ˫̥ǵĶ飬ʶͱĵСࡣָĶĶøʲôʲôߵĶĸƨɺ档
ͺڸ椿ƬһĬĬİһϸ֮󣬾ͽȥƤĺȿԱ׵ĿС
СֻһЦ̾ںǵ꽨Ȼ˵Ŀ١
һٷ˺þã̫ûɽһֱԵ˵ڶһƬ
ڿ椴˵NǷ֮С֣Сһ˵ˣĶɢ˰ɡԺ棬춼ʰʰؼ˯
ô˵ΧΧЩҳǷ׷׵ͷҲĶΧ˹ԼҵСһʰЩ
ʵǸոտʼտûжõʱڷóԹĴǾѾʼ½½˹ˡ
еǺ棬ҲеǵԼҵС̶ǣ뿴һ죬ȥˣڸЩʲô
ʱˣʵҲкܶ಻˵һֱѭĹһǲȥԱ˵Ķ
˵ȻҲǡ
ԶԶĿźǸǰôʢǶʳԺ󣬴Ƿ˼ǰˡ
ʼʱڿԼ޲῾۰Ͱ͵ĿűʱҲмҳæģɺСװʳӣϹ󣬾ȫʶȤԭûж
˭ҵĺȥҲԼҵѧˣǶ֪ǼӸģкܶʳ˼Ӫóġ
ֶӳԳԾˣΪһˣҲȥմ⣿
ڶԵòˣҪˣҲԱ㷸ˣΧ£ʰͬʱԼСؼҡ
дǵİæоȻʰĺܿ졣ʮʮӣϪѾָ֮ǰڵĿӶѾƽˡ
໥ȫԼҴ˵׼ߡ
ƫƫʱ򣬵ϺȻһ
ͬʱһ㶣ȫʶͣ˽Ų
ϣ
ڴҶûзӦʱԶһʯ


73 
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ʯһ, Ա۴Сȫ£Ųٳλֱ
ֻҪɽϵ, ͯϵ֮ǰǾѵġ
ĶС, нֹ, , ЩǱμ˵ġ
˵ˣСҲһ࣬˫, ô˴, ȫݣı˲ٳ, ĵط
СҲźӱ˹ȥ
ʱĲٳ, ѵõĴĸͬʱ˶İ׳ƣмλյõģһ
мλ, ӪսʿѾжϡ
Сķ򿴹ȥͼĸӣѹѹٺ, ȴûһ
Ϲľͼ, һȫʶѹ˺
ٶսʿԱжվá
ΪС뻮һ, ˶Լٵļϡ
ȫվԼλ, ȫϢ, ȴһָʱ, žװ纮һֱͬһʯվڶǰίŶˡ
̧󣬿һ˵һ䣺ʮ߷ӡ
˵̧ۿˣҪһ㣬ǾӪҪӼϻԶ
һȻѻȸĲٳϣͷ͵һ𣬸мʶץס߰½ǡ
ĿϻһȦ·Ż֪Ľϣ˵ļںܶ˵ǵһΣϰǱȻġǼȻɽһͱһ˵ҪԼ
˵ͣһ¡
ǻɢѹȴѹ˶ҴСҲûһҷ
СʶҲüˡ
ӡԶ侲ģƽľġɲƽʱѵץɲսʿ˼빤
ʲôʱֺǺǣƽ׽˵ġ
֪ȻҲôˣ
ʱٴο˿ڡ
֪ǺܶңҲ顣ǺսʿǲһСϼҴڵġ
ɼȻɽ͵ðǵϵĹʱΪսʱΪ
Ҳָսʿһؼʱܹ嵽ǰҲҪﵽı׼µʱҪԱܸϺȣ
˵Ȼһһ
ʯڵ˶䷢顣
ԺճѵŸϿʼѵƻдýңһºҼɹʮ֮ڲܼϣ׵ʱԼݽתҵ棡
ʯڵ˫һߡ
Ȼվֱӣشһ䣺ǣ
Ȼͳܵ˾ǰ
ǡÿ˵ĵף˵Ķ֮һ¡
˵£峯սʿĶǱһƣܿ죬Ŵ°ķȥ
ȻʯڶžĶһʳóԷˣȫǰһߣ
ʱЩҡ
ȻҶ֪Ҫʲôɴ˻ǰǰһ
ܿ죬ֳСŷ֣ԭλĳʹһңʣһȺСˡ
ҲǣԼģƽʱҲȥʳóԡǸղŶϪտţҲȫûȥʳá
ɳǣʳó˷ġ
ʯڳЩԭص˻˻֣ʾ뿪ȻʳóԷӡ
Сججľͱָʹˡɲ׵׷ʲô£뿪
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ƽʱսʿǴʱʢͷģڳÿһ˶ʶ
Сսʿʷ˲ٳУߵλãƽǽ˰ϡ
һߣȺ˲ſǸƽʱܷϰٸͷ˿ֻ̾ʣñεͷ
ǽ紶°ͬ־ͷһʮ衣ܱ֤ȫӪԱһ졣ɾͽһٷʮͷȫˣ
˵ȻҾһ䣬Ǵ򷹵ʱԱû˵˷ʳֻʳóԣãжûаҪ
һ仰˵ĺܶĵͷ
֮ǰǾ뵺ѵġҼǵѵεĵһ ̵ľǷָӡǾôָӵģܰѹҵͷãԺأǲǻҪѵĶҲã
ɽʲôطеǶʲôˣܹϵ֪ÿ˶Ǿϸģ˼ϵģ¶
˵꣬͵ؽŵһţľͷϣ˾ҵ۵
һʱ䣬氲ˡ
ڳˣҪôڵطļļˣҪôϰרҼ
һģĶ¶
һͨƢÿﶼģһʱ䲻֪
Сʹ࣬ҲֻվԱ߷ľľģ֪һӦôźã
Ƕ߰ɣʱһֱվԱߵĶ椲һ䡣
⻰һڣԱߵĺȫŻˡ
СشվȺĳȻ˸һ£ȥȥүүõͷû
һ仰ʱСӣû˷ӦʶѾѾӳסķ˹ȥ
ʶһܣСһǶˣҲ˴ߣһһܵÿ죬һգ۹򣬳ӣȫˡ
˵벻˵ġϳмʵ̫ˡߵĶǱ߶
кӵ˼ңһûӵģе㲻֪
֪˭̽ԵơȻִ嵽ʯڲû˭Ҫ˼ʱҲǣתͷܣܵñӻ졣
һˣǿ϶һȺţܿ죬ЩкӻȥõģٳϵľǼȫˡ
еĸɲսʿȫվԭؿţûдߴ٣Ҳûֹ
ʶǵһܵģȴһġ
ЩؼĺӣѾţͷ·Žˣֻһĥĥֶ顣
뿪һ̣˫̥óվ·۰Ͱ͵ĵţһֱҶˣҲûأСѾͷѾۿתת
ֶʱСѾͷһûס۵һ¾Ϳ޳
զûҵզûҵүүҪˣأүүˣ
СѾͷǾ̫ίˣԼİ취ȴִʧˡҲ˲úˣŸӣ۵Ŀޡ
ǿȥֿ־ôﶼġ
ɶұ죡ΪӶһɶ͵ûã
ȻٳǱߴһ˱ŭղضá
һɤӣÿ޵ίίĳ˲͡
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һǰ˶ˡϾŷڵԭ򣬵ͷҿǶˡ
һЩȷʵΪ̰ˣǰԿ̫࣬ͷԣʹС˼
ҲһЩˣʵԭҲãǱ˶ˣԼԵ࣬Ҳ͸һ
ʦⷬǹģ˶ȥˡ
ֻԼá
ʱٴο˵ŴΡ
µΪֹϣûһΣ»أ˭һɰ͵ԹҲ۴Ӫһʱ䰲ųаá
ոճֵһɧٴûˣÿ˶
Ȼ˵ղ巢ƢʱǺ£Ҳû仰˵ľս
Щ˵ɽȻǹµ֮󼸺ûʲôɣǧȥһ졣
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ĹʴҲǰһ߲ڲְı׼ŵģǮ࣬ƱݣҲǱĵطܱȵġ
˵ʱҲǵϵǸ죬ṩٺ߶Ҫ
˵ȻЩǷȵΪĻҪãһ޲öֻ޲ܶ꣬׬ǮʱҪǱȥ
˵ʲô͵ˣݹ˿
ЩרҼǴﺦ¡
ڲǰЩˣһĻ˻ᴦ˾
ĻѾʼܴһ˴鷳̫ΪԭܵȺνֵģ͸ĵģ˶ϵģȱȽǡ
һڽӵӪ֪֮ͨǰҹҹͲ֮еģ
Ȼϵһ࣬պͻǺȻģɺ⣬ÿ˶ܸܵ
ܳԱ⻹㣬ؼû۹ǣҲıһʧȫҶȥ
ʱ˭ԸΪôһӬͷСٰԼԺĺʱȫˣ
ԣһ仰ͷ·һʯͷĳЩ˴˽ȫѹȥ
Ϊνϣϵ˯öʮ౻ͧͻʱ򣬾Ȼȵķ֣սʿѾϨƣϼҼһڴӰζܹ洫Ĵ˺ǳ⺢ӣϴ˯
Ƿʲô£˲е¡
ӿ˽Ų˼ңһž󱦵Ͻϴϴ˸Ͻ˯һʯҲܲ٣ǿô죿
ȻСŮĺҲܣҲܣʯܲңҾͿޣ
ްɡ޵ˣֱӰӲϸߣصҲ
һ仰˵СŮҭ˰죬ȻͳવĿ
վԺһʱȫͷԣֲǵʲô⣿
ӪզҪСȥܲ٣ǲǳԱ˳ŵã˭û´氡
ôˣ˭صģ
μСͷҲ˵ġȻ˵Щû̫ϵһ䡰оҪμѵҲһꡣ
ԼҲܼеץ
Ϊ鲻ãԸղźˣôֱӶһˮϴȥˡ
ϴˮͿһ糾վ⣬ɵģҲݡ
ջأӪѲͧġǡ
ָָں˯ķ䣺ɶˣ
СȥȻͼݵĴӰܶûںá
ǿٴ˷Ǿ͸֪Ӳ˯ˣæȻһƣȻֱקԼݡ
˻·ԼȥһˮϴϴĿնϷ¶һһʮȫ˵һ顣
ú棬мһζûдͷβ˵ϸϸ
粻Ҳٰܲɣϻأ
˵֮СʳԼһϵģš
֪ŻǵġǱսҲֻйȥ˭ЩŮСһϣǲǸԼ
ֻҲ˵Ӳ뿴ϱʱӡ
СһۣĺཱུС죬ǺıԹڻûס͵һЦ
ϱԴϰ˰͸ǸѵѵȻʲô£С壬ҲָæˣǶܲ
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һѽϱסĶҧһڣɳ˵һ£Ͳܲ١
СԾĵԲ۾ͰţôҲϲ£
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Ųʱ˺ıЦˡ
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ոϴ裬ϲ¸ӻۡŴսζʱ˶
ϱ϶еζ·ֻС֣ϣӣԽӣԽ
һƣҲƲס˫һͬСһ㽫ϱȻ𣬲ľֱѹ˴ϡ
һҹ컡
ڶСʱѾԶԶĻԼսʿǽɢ
Ȼû˽Լܲ٣
Ī˻Ϊ˽һأ
þȼˣһʱ䶼е㲻š
𣬶ˣ̰Ƿڴϲ붯ʱű˴ƿŴһˮ˽
һǳ٣ֱġ
˵˶ٴˣźֱˮ壬ټӵˮôѣ
߶ţ˸ǷҪȴ˹°˻ȥ
»ϴ˵ѹһڣȻ˫ٴβʵ
һСûٴԸһѽƵһߡ
𿪣
˵ȴ۵˻һڴװʲôôˣ!
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Ϊֽոµģһĺȣ۵߽Ҳܷŵĳ£ǰСֱһİ׺ۡ
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СӹĴ򿪣ȴȻһǮ㡣һģСֻë
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ⲻղŻʱ·Ҫȸʮ˵ʣµȡ»ꡣ
ʲô
СŲȥʲô»Ļȫ˵ָסˡ


74 
˵Ҳֳܹʦ, ¹µȷʵִ٣˴̾˿
ô°ôҲѧĨˣС˵
û׵úܰ, ô˵żֱҪЦˡ
Լߵ쵽׷ʲôϱӣһ̵ֱĺӰѶ椸۸, 뷨ϱ˵ȥ˼ʲôҲύһӺԶЩ
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¹ɶˣô͸ˣС౻Ķͷ, Ҳ˲Ϻƽϣ׷ʣ˵˵
ĺ, Ĳ˵Ĺġʵӵľٶµӡ̫ˡ
ϳʶֽ߬ס̵ʱĻǰΣĺӣϵƤö۰ΪһڳԵ, ô߬, 붼ۡ
ûа취ĿСѾͷȥ죬굽˶ﶼҲӣҲǸ鶹ӡ
˶ڷɵʱ, һҪͷȥġ
ɾĺӣڿֶʱ, ޵ȴôһһүүҪͻȥˡ, ˭ܸܵĵ, ʵĿ־塣
ڴ֮ǰ, СһֱΪ˫̥үүĹϵãӦǱŰġ
Ȼг׹ֲͣôȱȱȵúӱƷԣ
СһƴܵľٶСѾͷĿԵĸоӶүү
ìܣôҲ벻ͨġ
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ϱ˼ҲҼӣ͵νͬȥļһҪǽרԱļϵ֮ǰͬ˵ġ
һ̣ǱͰջṩЩԱڵĵط˵ЩõʱͿֱӰˡ
ΪֱӷطͨЭû˻ԣھǵ¶òʱЩѾĶˡ
ֻг¹ҵүӻһֱû
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ʵʱ¹ڹСڷչڡæճʱĸ׵ɥѾˡ
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оԺо˺ܾãϾǰûз
ȷʵ⣬һ޷ʤԺĹﺢôСҲ˼Ӷȫڹϡ
Ժǿ棬רԱȥϵ˵أһѧУͼԱĹɣҲͬʱչӡ
ʱ˭Ҳ֪Ѿ׿ˣû£ûüȥλͲڼˡʱ˫̥ꡣ

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˵ۣ۸ƨҪǵеģܺôϱˣҶأ
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˵¹ϱҶ϶ԹԵģϾԼӵ׷ᶼûϻȥμӡһȴҲҪָų¹ĻȥǮ
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ԣڶϱȥ󣬳ʦȥǼҼΣǶýš
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ͬʱĻг¹šϿĨ˵үôȥӣΪʲôü˼ԣүӸǲİԼŮһ´çһ˸ɲϸӡ
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ȻŰ˫̥ˣ𣿡
ĻʣýѾȥҲ֪
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Ȼأ
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ʹרŻȥҲûЧ
Ҳûа취ˣͽ绰֪ͨԹȥһˡ
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֮ǰЩ£϶˽ⲻ١
ȥ֮ǰϾͽԼǮȫҸҪ
һսپֻҪ֣ԷҪ
Ϊ⣬治ʴ̫ãҴʱѾھǼ˵רҼǣʵҲǲ˲ġ
֮ǰɢȫصʱ򣬻ᱻע⣬ȫеһһʲô˹עˣܻܿ鷳
±սپԲִ
⣬ҲǾöԷϾԼµˣܰ£ҪһѡֻҪ̫֣ҪǮҲǿġ
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žǱͷȥĳ¹Ӽҡ
һΪ֮ǰѾͳʦ˺ԵȥʱѾٸκתأſڱտھֻǮˡ
Ҳ˳ŵģϾǱսپ̬ȥġ
ΪгʦڣԷе˼ɣȻҲʨӴ󿪿ڣν֮ͬٿǮȻѺӻǡ
ֻڼʱǳŭˡ
дϵǮ֮󣬴Ӵ˺ʶκԺҲǲݹϵҪ
Ÿϱȥ˳æµʱڽ֮ǰ¶ˡ
͸úϵѼңҪʲô
СҲ˽ӵľС
ȻҪˣǵĻϰ߻ˡһ·͵ģҪĶ͵
̾˿һԺͷ۵ı飺ʦǸƢõģŮ⸱ɡǲ֪һ·ϰ
ƵҡҡͷһڣֱڸСҶһûʦʶʲô⡣
ᡣһСشķƶ
ӲĲʶô֪˭Ǻá
ӵı֣СǼ㲻˵Ҳܹоүүǵġ
֪ųϱһЦô첻ڣӹϵһ˰
СһۣҪشȴȻ˴ССڼ𣿡
ɩӣСһۡ
Ȼϵæߣأɩӣôˣ
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ΪҪÿȥ䣬ͨＸԵľɽܡ
ϵʱ˵ģ·޲ö硣
ûм¶ôԼ
СôţµĲӾ͸ˣܵſš
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ôˣ˵Ͼ͵𣿡
ǵǰ໹˷ܵĶ˵ɽһƬۿžҪˣܸٵķۣզת˵ɾͲأ
ǵϲˣҲˡЦŽ͡
˵ҲһΡ
ҿ˿ΧѹС˵ʦϵĲû¹

ġȣҶû˵ͳ¹˰ӣ׵һȭͷȥܴ
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ҲǺүܵҼˣ˵Ҫȥ˵ҪӶߣøš˵ϳ¹ˣ˵ҪϾӹϵ
ӰӰ´µź˵ʦҳ¹ҪǮ˵ҪʲôˣȻ¹˵ûУ˵Ǯ֮ǰĵ˼ž˼ȻүӾͳ׸ˡ
»ʲô׵ģ
϶ǳʦԼ˻ˣ֮ǰǮûҶҪǮ˭ǸеǮĵӵңȻûиԼһ㡣
ܵίүôܲȻ͸Լˡ
㲻ʲôϵСǲ⡣
үˣסһȻû˵ҲܿͳʦǱƢҲүأѳ¹⡣ǡʱɲǵļˣǵǵϵİȫ¹ʣ
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˵뷨ǲ̫ˣ
һ뵽ʦɣ־뷨һ㶼֡
ڼҰɣ֪ʲôʱҲ˳ȻҲ˴Ļ
ء
ȥ˵¡ɩӣȥҳԷ˰˵
˵겻شͿˣŮԭء
Ϊҹϵʵ̫ˣôҲû˭ʲôסţֱӸС˳
үֳɶûճ¶˸ɴӰᵽǱȥס˵Ǳ߻мշӣԸڳһ䡣
ү֪ǷǸľõģһӲռ׷ӣɣҪߡ
ʵȰֻ˵һ֣ȥɽ䣬ȥܲ˵ءʦ֮ǰ˵ǰϴʲôɣ۷Ҳ
֮ǰ˵ൽ˸ô۷תʱˡ
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ֻǣôĴźסȥҲֻгʦܹɵóˡ
ȻҲôΪġ
̾˿ּҲûȰֻϣʱ䳤ԼĽ⿪Щ񡣳ʦȥȥɣʲôʱ뿪ˣٻҲСҶǿԵġ
ô˵С˵ʲô
ֻȰֲͦõģǰӪʱֲ˾õġѽæԺ۵ϵĲ˿϶øˡ
ô˵һӱ̵ġ
ǡ˲ǰĲأЩûеġȣҲ֪²˳᲻óԣҵڻǵ㵱þ²˰צӡζֱˣܣҽȥѾ²Ѷϣʱɵøųԡ
죬Ȼһ˴ɤӴĺӪӪڼҲţ
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ŵĻû䣬̵һʦϱ¨жˣһ˵ϡ
ŵĺЩϹ۵Ĺһء
˶ٶһҪѯʣͿֽ¨ӵһߣָЩϹ˵ǿ


75 
˳ųʦָķ, ҶԼͬĳǶˮȥŷЩˮȫġ
мŽ˺һ룬ȻӦǷɬܳԣֶˡеǴӵʱˤ, ˤѵЩӣҲˡ
Ӻܶ඼Ǳʦһһڳġ
˰Žâ, ЩӦǲ, ٵ߰ġ
СһâƤϿһӡ
Щֻһɽ, ¿̫ܲעĿ
ɱʦôһ, ȫһ, ȥͷǳĴ۾ˡ
˭ɵģһ
ϾΪͷ¶ȫԱǰ˻𣬶һľͿһѱ˷ѵˮָо˳һҲˡ
Ȼʲôһ, תͷһ|ǿӣӣҹ
ŭ, վԱߵĴ̾Ͱˡ
Ҳ뵽ˣԼӿɲǸһȺСܳȥҰһȦ𣿻ժ˺Щˮ
˵Щ̣ˮһ뵽˭, ˵ˣһ뵽ĶȺСǡ
ۿҪ𣬴ּȴް취ʦվҪһ˵ȥȰûȰ
ǿӺͻӿǻû𴲣ϵУӦһ, ﶣ۵һƬ, ȴҲû˳
Ǹո𴲵Ĵ, һɤӸŵȫ˹
ⲻǸɵģһǴȳ
⺢һǼɫġͳôһۣô˵Ҳ̲˲ԡ
ҲСһҲûʲôɺµġ
С󼷹ȥ׵һѵˮǰ֤ݡ
治ǸɵġʱȥˮСֶҴͷǶҴŵģɶҶ
㲻ſһȥʣǸûժʣУ㿴âӡأ
һâŽż⣬ֻ޲ôϡ
ǰ˵Ҫñصذɻø˼Ұܵõʲôô˲Żġ
ȥժ֮ǰҰѼİŽâָҵ³ˡǶ֪ôԣôȥƤ
彫һԣ㿪С۾ϵâȻʶɨһۡ
񣬺мָӡ
е벻ףСľһŮӣ춼ǹɶ
ñصİ㣬͵ø˼Һôһһҵ¡
СӣԼżꣿ
ǳﻮҪϴˣ
ҲԼӵĻ˵Ķǵ˼
ʱô죿
϶Լϱų氡
ȫ񣬰һӴ󱦵Ǹâӹ˻Ρ
ſʵ˵ôϻҲû˵ûпʲôժģɽҲû˭Ǽܵˣȥʱûʲôժģ
ôʣеˣתͷԼ
С˵Ҳһ䡣
һĸ˵ٻզǵͰ͵˵ǵǰ
ɴ󱦾ôԼڵ⣬ôأ
Сֻٴ̾˿˵˾ǿˣûпɲܺ˵
ɲԼʲô˵ʲôȻ仹СҲҪΪԼ˵Ļεʱ
ֻһβô˵ʲôˡ
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ǿ۾еãȻĿߵĵܵһۣ˵ġ
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̴ĸͣԣһ̿ڷâܹʲôʲôרâǳһƬģ
ǵĻ˵Щһʱȫû
ʦ˿ǣʵûסʵӪ̵Ազ죿ܲܲܣộɣ
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˵꣬Զˮһһ·Ž¨¨ݸ˴ף͹ȥΰ೤ϰ֮Ӫȥһˡ
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仰ʦҲٶ˵ʲôˡ
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ԼĻʲôҲûء
ԣ˸ִҴҵĸϻɽϡ
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֪Ǹɶȥ𣿡Се֣֪°ʲôҪЩСӰæģ
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˵綼Էˣ۱ǵģҪڷóԡ˵ΰ೤˵ˣǳԷ
˵̲סЦЩС˼ƽʱһҲĺܣôһƣôƭƽǳɶʳɶǳɶ˵øȥժͲܷһ
˵СҲɵøЦ
ϳңר飬˿ɲȥʳóԷ
ЩСһＴ㲻ȥժӣƽҲù緹
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类Ķ椣ԭһӵίҪйģûӾͱĸ龰סˣ̵ģƢ¶ˡ
ԭźһϣԽԽԺҲܰǰһԴģʽˡ
ǰΪԱսʿǵĻʳвǿ϶ڷþͲͣ˵רԼСʳãҲ粻ߡ
Ψ˼ң֮ǰҲڲ˵ģϰ˲ӵƽʱȥóԡżȥһЩϺժһˮʲôģҲô죬ö٣
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רǱߵķʳǵеģǵĿʹʳõҲûһָǲְӣǲġ
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ûо˺;ʳ׼ߣԱҲûġ
˿ڶĻԼԵҲ
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ίͰ͵ģȴҲҶ˵һ仰
ԱߵĴ࿴þȼˣСĸ첲Ӵܽסˣ
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Ĺ涨Ժ󣬵ϵǺܿͽˣûʲôìܡ
ϾȡƱƣʵԵĸϵְ֮ǰ˲ûжĸı䡣
ϵЩˣ˵һжµģʱǰѹãҽҲûʲôʡ
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ڣ˶ˣʺˮǰͷˡ
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ǰ˵ԼҳԣأÿֵĺԼҳԣרǳԣ㹻㹻ˡ

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ǽƽ͹ģ˵ѲͧġΪʵ̫û䣬Ծ͸͹ǸרǳԣԼԶС
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ںȫûʳʮ㣬Сܻɣʮ׶ɣ
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˵⻻̫ˣӦûڸոϵʱ
ʱ֪Ҫڵϳһôѡ
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СϴɾгСȻˮ󿪣Ʋȥĭ̳ˮȥϵ֮ˮȷһ߱á
ȻĸΪʴı㣬óǣȥۣʰɾڱıг˻
˵Ⱬ㣬ǰСҲûгԹġ
ļ̸Ϻʱ򣬴û̵ֶ
֮Ի֮ǰƽʱ˵Լȥμӹʦѵ࣬Ȼ԰ʦʲôʲô˵ʱġ
ķ׷ʺ͡յ֮£ƽ˵Ҳûа취ϸˡ
˵ģǸϿεʦȻڲһͨĴԱ˼ھǿӵģտǼҴġ
Ǹɷ֣ʵڲӴȥеѵġʵ̫ˣõĴ׳ʿ˭Ҳ᲻ߡ
ѷʱͬʳģͬĵϣһĶȱĶóԺܶ࣬˭뿪أ
ǿ£˲ӡȻ˵ûʲôˣﴶ°ô꣬һֱѾˡ
ƽרŸСӣ˵
ͺ⺣ʣڱӪһ£ԱǼӵˮϹ͸ҳˡһĵĴ°೤΢õ͸Ҷ죡
ǸʦȻʾձ㣡
ƽʱ˵ǽһ˸߲Ұ
Ϊûʵȥһ֦ڵϸСʦ̵ģô㣬ôлôȣʲô˲óԵĸַ
⻹񫣬һһϸ˵ʦΪǸ㣬ʲôϡ
ƽĻˣλʦ֮Եһÿξ͸ǽЩʵȺ±ǰվסţһסǣòСơ
Ǳ޵ϸסˣıʵζܷǳá
ʹˣķҲȷʵС˼·
£һͨͨһ㲦ͺ׾һ
ձ㣬ջݣոɱЩˣС˺ܶΡõҲǵеġ
Ȼеֲڣɻջ˺ܶĺרϲҲ͸ܶۡ
죬һ£ɱøôӹﻻЩϣþµģ˽һСҲǺܵͼ۵Ķ
Ҫˣû׼Ҳܻʳ
뵽Сɵһ䣬ԼΪǸδѣֱǲġ
ʲô취أ
Ȼ֪ⲻԼĵ¶һ뵽˵ģһһɽһµеĴֻ޷ʳͲ
С;Լļµ޷
ӣ޷Ӳܡ
һʼζǺԡ
֪ûʲôˣҶȥæԼ¶ȥˣǽŴصģ϶ҹķʵˡ
һСζɢȥ
һϵ˶һûԵˣζҪǴȥǻ¶ģ
ȵģȫյﻹŻ𣬻ϵʳཹɢ˵ζ
СڳѾֲԼûڵˡ
䣬ﲻͣŹģȫÿһë׶˾裬ʲô˻Ȼð
ĿˮȴƲסķڣൽʶ
ǻһ˿д棬֪ǹĻû죬޲̴򿪹ȳһ񫡣
ʹŵľУˡ
ƿǵһ˲СƲס˻Σһβ㱻ԼĺóԵĸѬˡ
ɵļһŽ̲סһҸ۾
Ϊ˳Զϲģ廨ڹɼ壬Ƴͷ֣ʹ֮ýԺŷϿʼյġ
ԴʱŴ壬΢ﻹһ΢΢ĽԼԲͣһһȫ꣡
ּһ㡣
гÿƵЩûöֻǼһʣµС߽ϡһԵҲ޲ͷҲ֮һȥ
̫óˣ
ʵôһСž׽Ҳܹܵüزͬζ
бƷԼ㣬ͬʱΪ˺֬һֶ֬պеķ
ټϰǲ㽴ϣбǵ𣬽͵㣬ƾһֵĴζ
ССﾭǰδеֻ޲ܹƷζ
ڣȡϷ磬ҪҲûиʱ
õĲ˻ʣµĻٵķŽռ䣬СٶȽ֮ǰ׼õĶͺ˳
ڵѾר˸ĥ
ԶǶǰ˺ܶࡣֻҪͷһ찴նһ׼õĻƶ͹ȥĥڶϾͿȥȡ˼ĥõġ
ʱСѾרǳˣΪ֮ǰ֭ⶹӦñҪóԺܶࡣ
ʰã֮ǰĹϣСڰѶŴϵķŴȫ򿪡
һ紵оһֺþûиܵ⡣ŷԼ·Ѿȫʪˡ
ССѸٵĻݻ·ó˸ϺʼͨĲˡ
Ҳ֮ǰõġ
Ϻ
ϺĽʹһеζ
ϲ˻úܴУϲ˻óˣѬۡ
ɲϲǲϲòϣϺʱȷʵеһ
ܹһڵģ
ڵϴʱ䳤ˣѾûʲô˽ܲζˣ෴һ·رŲ̫óȥĴһԵʱƾֳˣĻ˳ںܶࡣ
ԣϺͨĲˣϺϺǡڼ˵ϼҼһĵҲˡ
С֮ҪȻҪԭȻǡΪζ

磬ȫˣ
ȷǶ椣ӸŴ͸СƵģһᣬ˵͵ʲôóԵˣߺķС
ôͣʢŶĹǴСš
ڼأ󱦺ǿӾѾѸײڶ֮Ʒɱ˻ٶȣСһûסֱײǽϣ
ſ϶Ķ˰֮󣬼ͺСǿǿĽ͡
ɹ龫ȴҪ󣬽ȥר壬үүͷ
һ˵ʣµļСһӹ๾һתȫ໽еҪͷС
ȫСʮĸܾˡ
Ц⼸ȥͷ͵˵طרǻܳʲôܼľֻвˡ
ٷǴŴȥ͵ģڼ
ʵӣСҲеġüض嶯뽫õ֭ﵹһ㣬˼뻹ûçײ
һΪһ֭⣬Ǿ͵òʧˡ
Ϊֲ󷽵ó˺ü֭ǣһӸ
ǰǵСˡ
ԷǿֵܣԼҵļ˯СĿȴ˷Ź֭ǵϡ
һֻúҲֵĥĥû׼Ҳʲô


76 
֭Ҫõʯ, ʯҲǺĳƷ
ⶫ԰֭ǣҲҬ֭͸С̼
֮⣬ҲһֺܺóԵĲˣĻˬڡ
Сÿһ, ;֮, ѾͷӦҲǻϲġ
Ҫ, ʯʵǺõá
Ϊڴ°˵ͺ, ϲһ, ճõĲƷԿ˾ͻȻɹɴ档
˵ֿ, СҾкöࡣ
, СһֱһԭǾֻúĳ
, ɽϵزܶ࣬ɽϵЩӣһЩҰӵ, Ѽ˵ͨĲˣ·³Ұɡ
Щڹ˵ϡûпǹȥ
ȻСڵûʴʣҲֲЩǱʶܾãܽǸûеĶùȥ
Ķ, , Ǹ, кܶδ֪ԡοô˭Ҳ˵浽׶Щʲô
Բʲôȥ˶ֻһоǺġ
ôô̵ģû˻ϸϸĥĥҲûã´̵̲¶ֻܿ⡣
һҲܺŪȥˡ
ģɽϳЩͲ˵ˡ
Ҫ˹˵ۣȥһǣɲǰԼСͽܸ
Сóʯݷһ㣬ӿռó֮ǰһСե֭Ȼ˽۸⡣
ʵҪζڣһ㣬ȻҬ֭ʡ
ͬɣ޷ȷԼڵ絽ûҬ
ڵʱûмƵľ
ΪԷһѡСۡ
СʵǰҲûмڴˣӦûͨ۽۰ɣ
źǶȥ˯ЩæýŲմأҲʱСٴν˿ռ䡣
õĽ۸⻻ŷϸӣŽ˹
ͬʱʵıɹɵʯҲ˽ȥ
ڰϵİֽϸϸдͬʱҲʯҪεݷ
⻹رⶫĿ̼ҲһܺóԵʳġ԰ԼķӶһԡ
дʱСƺԼڵݣٴνԼǸʦ߶߶дһѡ
ֲ׵ʱѾҪŷϹʱ䣬ٸҲˡ
֮£ֻýдһֽҲŽ˹

ѾЩûˡ
ʼʱеǣǺҲȻˡ
ϵɣȻźܶԼҪ飬Ҫնġ
ôйʱյÿܶԼ˴򽻵
׼ЩֵʣǺЩصġ
ܾһǿԤ֪Ҫ𼢻ģҪЩȥˡ
ϾɣҪʩʱҲϵĶ˳԰ɣ
ǣ̾Լϵĵ˼֡
Ȼһֱ˵ҪúȡȻľʹȫȥҪȥ
Ϊһ˿еģָȥίеķˣҲžһҲΪԼĺһ㹦¡
ԣʱһֱͷĵİæʳֻҪҪöࡣ
Ȼһȱŷʱ䶼Ҫ硣
ոһСӵţһŨ˱Ƕ
ʹӣȻĿǸصĹϡ
һʱ佫Ŵ淴ϣ첽ߵ˹Ӹǰ
ʹѾ΢һ˼׼ڴ򿪹ţ뻹ðıʱ򣬻˻Ρ
ôҲû뵽ӽȻһ⣿
⣬ѲϵƷ
ǡ칬ʳˣ
ĶʱѡҧסһƲסᾪ
ǲȥӹóģȻ̱滮Żıˡ
ʲôΪλῴȥ˵ľˣ
һ̾ͱŨζճֻ档
˲ϳȥ˫ˣôһŽ
һ˲䣬Ȼס˺ȫסˣ
һųسһͬʱҲƲס˳
Ȼ֪ǲܵģɲ֪ΪʲôǴԳʦζ
ʹ֪ʳ͹ģʳĸδţδ
ζʦһģһ
ùô꣬ζѾӡ
ž׽Ʒóʦʱ򾿾Ƿ˼ǣ׽
ʦ𣿻ǣ磬ҲȻң·ûϢͽˣ
˵ϣס죬޵
ǰһĻطźνʱ龰ʱź֪ʶǰԼĴ
ϣʦ˭Լ
һδξˮ֮У
ǡʦɣҲŲԼ
뵽ֻۣͬʱ˵ĸо
¶˾ģҪԼһܣʦĻʳ¶׵ġ
һ˺ܶࡣΪʦȻȥһֱѹĵ׵ǹҲɢˡ
ӦûбĶ
Сķڰϣߵ˹ӸǰȻ֮̿ǰź뵲˺һĵ
ǵʦڵʱģϸİ״ɣֻϸϸһߡ
ȥ򵥶
˿ǵϷһȻɫģӨ͸㣬ɢŶڸˮķ㡣
СĵĽ˳ŷǶȻǷֳġ
һͨ͸һǳ̶֭ɡ
·һ㣬ӦţɶģΪͰ״ɵɫʵ̫ڽӽ֮ǰûп
һûֱȥ
Ϊûм˾Ө͸ĵģһָȥƻС
ºϣٵĴš
Ϊʱ仹磬һǰɨСŮûˡ
ǰŮҲûиеȣֻ߹ʺá
ߵʳߵĹó˿ӺͳԵõףȻͬСŮһûҷԸκ˲ҪǸ䡣תӡ
ĶСŮһ뵽ľǡùоµĲƷˣùĺŬ
¶˾ı顣
صӣ½Źϣ׿ŵһСĲΡΡĶ˶ʶⶫԼôƣмֵԡ
ȤָомԵ۶ֻȴ˵͸ÿ
ҨһŽȻ̱ŨĹӵˡľ׽Գ˿˿ƵĹ⡣
ζ൱ϲ
һȥ뵽Ľ׸ǼСӣӦû˭᲻ϲİɣ
ֳһţģȻŨζҲʿڡ
һ̾;뵽´ιƷ
֮ź֪ķһ⡪
ӣ˵ʦԼԵģ
ǷôҪϵʳõ˼ԣ
׸ӣ
ҪĸӳźãҪԺ󳣱ĻҪô죿ҪȥⲻԼԼڻϿ𣿣
ԼãŽĵӹó׼ͺһڰϡ
һַ
СڹӵԱߵðɫ˿ŵĹ֭ǣ
ǵ״СɿɰɫҲĿĺܣһȥû˻᲻ġ
˼ȴȫŲˣѾȫȫдİֽȥˡ
һۿĲֽϵݣ֡
ǰӸͨõֽдãõĻԼûмģɫϸϸֱʡ
ûҪȥּ
ΣӲ֪˻ǺˣȻõԼϵֽͱʣһۿ˲ͬ
ǸСġ
Сʱ͸ߴӡûʮҲа˾ˣα仯ôܻϲ
˵ղǺ⣬ȫȷĻһͬС֮ǰ˵һһԣƶţϵӾԼʦɵɣ
һĶʱϲˡ
ĿݣȻҲС˵Щҵ˷ڹ²ı㻹ʯˡ
ڿʱʦĳݶʱһȫ󲻵¸߶ȣ
޷ʦڵĵطһ磿ΪʲôôЩֵֹĶ
ʦϸϸĸ˵Ʒô޷ںıǣ͸ɰͰ͵Ĳ˸ɣ밸Ϸŵζϵһ
ԣʦƾտճɵɰɣ
еĶȫ˷źãҪŹԼʦķԸȫһ
Ϊ󱯴ϲôһ˿̵е͸֧Ȼо¶ѾʼϹҲһΪæµʱ򣬿ɾһҲ붯
ƽʱһææʱһЩ顣
һȴԽĥԽ˲ԡʦôö˶˵ģͿʼԼأ
ʦô˽⣬֪ʦԼĴڣǼֱ׾ٵġ
ͺѾôεĽ֮ǰǶӵݴûɹ
ڣʦðűԼֵΣգµķӺͲƷǿ϶ԭġ
ǾʹʦҪԼϵͷĥĥȥ뵽ľֻһ
ʦˣ˵ԺŪˡ
뷨һðȻһͻ
˿̵ȫûȥ룬û˴ｻ֮ԼʲôӰ죿
ֻһ뷨ǣʦԺ󻹻᲻ˣ
̴ϱӴת
һȰԼͷһ־Ĳʵе㿿ס
Ĳ˵ʦںƵȷʵ˺ܶࡣʹܸоʦЩȼǺںģóĶȴԽԽˡ
ⲻŪˣǱʲôԭ
뵽ᶼҪӿˡżί
ԲҪЩӴ˺ʦҲûһϵ

ԲŽԼڵǿżǱСһ㶼֪
ûʶԼѾͽǱߵûƾһ̲ˣһӾѾͽϳ
˿̵˷֮У
ոմӿռûжãƽҵҸһرõϢ
ƽ˵ɩӣʦҪˣ
˵СһŷӦеʦ˭
ӦþǵμӴԱѵʱȥ˵Ǹϱܰ೤
СɵһʧЦ
ԼʦģҲ֪ʦͽ֮һֹϵһദģʽ
޷ƽ뷨ƾǼദͿԡԲѡĽԷ֮Ϊʦ
ţôĵģ˼ܰ೤֪Լôһͽ
ֻǣ⻰Ȼ˵ڡ
ôأԺҪǵϳ𣿡˷ܵʵ
ƽǸϱ֮ʲôϵ֪һźܺóյҪǵС˵һϢ
Ϊһˣϣܹ֮ͬһЩ໥͹ͨĻᡣ
ǡƽҡҡͷȻŸ͡
۴°ȱҲһˣ˺öΣһֱûظ
ⲻһҪϵͬٸ۶Ӽ
Ҿ°̼ֹˣͿԶڳ˳ˣʱҲٶһ
ܰ೤õģ;һϵŴ°࣬һ̳
ɩӣʦˣǿɵöཻ
ƽ˵ţСգգ۾Ŀʮ԰ڡ
Ҫ˿ܹôһ⣬ܹʦ赽һӡ
СȻ̾⣬ֱðݣüֱ̾Ҫ졣

ƽôһŶСʱµļС
Է֣רķĳȻסˣʳһȫȨίи˴ࡣ
ɩӳ˲Уͷߦһⶼûеġ
ҶѾˣҲǰǸʲôɵСˡ
ػۻ϶Ǹɲˣˣܸȣ¶Ѿܹɵ㹻ˡ
Щ¶ȥ֮Сó൱һ־˸Ϻϡ
ҲΪҳԵġûʲôʵĻܹҵЩԼò׼Ҫôĺ
ʱλƽʦŴ°ܰ೤֮󣬺ֽֽ̡
뷨˵ţõϿɡ
֮ǰϱȷӪġս˵ˣӪڶֵġ
ҲΪϱΪЩսʿĻʳõ˺ܴĸƣһûκܹɡ
ȻɽϵĴ°೤ƽˮƽҲѡʱҲǾѡεġ
رˮƽ֮ǰĴ°೤֪Ҫ١
ǣ˭Եøһأ
ϱ˵ܰ೤ѸͷѾʼĥţô취ˡ
ȻûΪǵΪԼܰġʱڵϡܶЩӣϱʹ°˸Ŷѧ㱾аɣ
Ϊ˱ʾԼ֧֣Сһÿһȥ߻ơ
Ǹƽѡģ˵BʡˣˮƽУɸϺҺı£һһġ
ǣСڲһܵʱǽɽĺ̲ȫһ飬Ȼ˺ЩԼ֪ġ۱衱
ɽһɽкܴһƬŴĴɽϹʯгƬĽʯ̲
ĺǱ㣬磬֮ıϲĵط
Ϊÿ춼дֻѲߣϵǲȱ
Щʯ̲ɽȽƫƧĵطǲɼܷѹһСĻл˵ΣաԲûʲôԸ
ףʹڵϤĺܣżСȥϺҲͨȥǰɳ̲ϸĵطĽʯ̲ǲġ
Ϊû˴ǵıǼֱһһѵġۿȥǡ
С˵ĽЬַףСսʿڽʯ̲æ˺ü죬ÿ춼ԳƵض顣
һСһǳɽСֶӣŰջĶȫ
ΪЩĶʰ鷳ҲˣȻһ˺üССսʿûȥһЩŵ°Եʱ򣬻Ǳܾˡ
СҲûжã֪ƽҲϡЩ
˵ʵ֮ǰĥ˱һҪˢҪϴĿǶҲ˱ĳ嶯
żûˣСĶȫý˿ռ䡣˲ٴαӣ˵жʱȻ
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Ϊûпͽǰһµģдܻȡٴǿһ룡
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С˿ӦҲһֺǵʲô֮ǰҲûм
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ûԼôСϳģֻŵԼѾչ㹻˳ԺüµʳʦҲҪΪ¹ġ
˵ʳǮһСǿ׬ģ󲿷ǿСṩķЩ֬˪ȻƷġ
˵ЩǮԭҲӦռ˴룬ԺزҪǮⷽԼ档
СһӾɿ˺֮ܶ࣬ǰһֱѹĴʯͷŲѡ
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ȻСѾͷô˵ԼɺûΪԼôͻȻֶŻ
һСǰο
˵Щɻ
ԭȻһֱںСŽףʵȴһֱһֲĸоǺӻͻȻһһͻȻҲ֡
ںͷʱ򣬾⽻ȥ⣬ȥѰµĻԴ
ȥˣʵĲ˳ϾɽˮԶʻ̫ʵҲʱ򣬶ٻŪһ㣬ĶǹӦϡ
ͷȴʢʵĵطЩɻ
˵ǵԼɹģ˵˾ܳԣôȴûԿɷЩ˵
ЩǱĺܱˣȷʵܹĲƷôķûһЩҲͼġ
û˺ܶ취ҲûЩôԣ֪Щʲô
ҲڿСı֮ŷԼյı㳤ķǳӦþһġ
޷ʦõʵģֻиɻ
Щʦæ֪ЩɻҪôԣ
ܹ⣬ôͷЩͲȫ˷ˣ׬ϲǮֿܶʳˡ
СţٿЩɻͷһη˳
˵ôˣ֪ǺɫһĶʲô
Ⱬ㣬ôɹɵİ
ôͷɹǸ֮ǰ᲻ȳˣ
Щ֪ʶĳ֪Χˡ
Ҫ֪Ϊпռ䣬ĶܱʣȥôЩͺĸоɻôҲûʵĺóԡ
뵽㣬Сһ뵽ƽǸʦǰһ
ãҵ˰⣬ôͷλܰ೤ˡ
뵽ļ͸ӳڴ
ڶ죬Сľ͸ϵͷƽһ׼ӭܰ೤һ˵ĵ
û뵽ǣڿ֮ǰȻڴϿһȺļ
Ϊĥģòݱ෿ӿŵķ˳ɹüֻԭҪըɽ˵ĸڲԱըȫߣΪԵúãÿٶҪһżССϺԵöˣ˫Ƶġ
ƽʱֳŨȤ
֮ǰµӵʱ򣬲ǰæʮֻ֮⣬Ѽӣֻ죬˸һ
ЩڵϾܲ
ڿǶʱ򣬱˵СˣŹֵĴ۾ˣ
ΰ೤Ҫˣǲ´ξͿֻСлˣ˷ܵʵ
һ˵ΧΧ۵ĿȫƽͶ˹ȥ֪˿ˮʵ
ƽԭһƢģôҲգֺǺǵĵͷаˣ»ؾ̶ֻˣҲɱԣ
Ȼⲻһջʲôʱʵ˭Ҳ֪ɻȺγ˾޴Ĳ
ƽ˵ѾʼԱµҪˣ˵Լо飬ּ
ǼƣһҪźˣһˣҲû˳ϣ
˶˵ǺЦһЩǸ̾һЩ
Ĺ˺ʹĶ½½˴ƽʦȴһֱӰ
ֱС˼ųŴϴһɤӣܰ೤أ˵ţʹĻ˻֡
˳ƽָķСŬıš
ǿ˰Ҳָ֪˵˭
ʱƽѾżӭ˹ȥŷ־ڼװϻһЩϵսʿжװú
֮ǰΪǶȵ⣬ҲΪȫſš
ֵʮӣЩսʿڽȫӴжƽҲһСսʿߵʹĸǰ
ɩӣҸ˵ܰ೤ҵСʦƽΪǽܵ
ɩӺãĻ䣬ǸСսʿͳһ񣬿Сһ㶡
ڼ֮ǰС˺ܶܰ೤ʲô
ȥôҲҲǺüʮ˰ɣ
ϾܹŲרȥд°೤ǽΣǿ϶һġ
ƽһһʦʦĽţ͸ӹ̻Сӡ
ǰСսʿȥҲǶʮͷģŻûǰĸ߳
һԲԲģȥ͸ӵС
ΪոհúԵʣ˿ϻһúңԽԽһ±
Сʵ޷ôһСƽǸĺϵһ
ıʵ̫ھܰ೤ˡ
СǺһЦ˵ɩӣҾǳû취Ҽҵ޶Ѿˡҽʮˡ
һ仰˵سƽȫһ
СΪԼ뷨˼ҿҲе㲻˼
ڣܰ೤ʵǸͨ͸ˣСΣ̸ı˻⡣
ɩӣС˵ҲܻˣڻרǵĻʳлĻһҪúõһˡ
𣬻ѧϰ̡
óܰ೤ҲһˬˣСҲûľС
ԵʱͺԼãæ˹£пյʱȥԼԼҲ
ܰ೤Ǹ֮Сʹһ˼ҡ
ֻû뵽Ǹܰ೤֮죡
ոոרͷѾԺſڡ
ܰ೤е㲻˼ЦЦɩӣ翪ʼҪ°ˣƿ֮ܳһʱ䶼ûʲôաڹ㲻˵ʲôҿ𣿡
ĻСæóЩɻ
ָű˵ʶ֮ǰںɽĺ̲˲٣Ҳ֪ҪôԼ˺üΣǷá
⣬ָָǸںĳ״Ķܰ೤ʵʲôǺ𣿡
ܰ೤ֽӹǳӣϸĿ˿Խ۾Խ
ɩӣⶫǴŪģ۾Ӫĸ̵ģкܶ𣿡
УܹóǳмߵȤ
Сһʱ䶼֪Ҫôشˣܲ˵Լһûİɣ
ֻٴʣⶫʶʲô


77 
ⶫк, һ˿²ƽʱš
, ƽʱں, ô, ûôأ
ܰ೤˵ֽǸɰͰ͵С˵, ȫϲ
ҵһͬһ, ߵ
ɩ˵үүڵʱ򣬿ûⶫʲôб, պΣʹ, С࡭
˵, ܰ೤е㱣˿ڿˮ
ⶫòÿζ൱ĲҪ󲹣ڹȥҲǰ֮һϴ̨أ
, ЩҲ𣿡Сʶʵ
Ӵ, һûԹҪҲûϰܰ೤еź졣
˵, ʶԼĻ˵е, е㲻ʱ, æҲ
ȥЩ¶, ˻⡢
⺣ΰʵǳˮʱҲ, пܻᱻ嵽żڰϼһҲûпܡֻǳˮĺι, ûˮôóԡ
һġܰ೤ǸϸĿ˿, ۾¶ҿʳʱϲɫ
ڽˣվûסٴ׷ʵɩӣǴŪģҿɫܺãݷ϶ررʣӪԼģ
ǡСҡҡͷ
ҴȷӪǱߴġʱҲ֪ʲôǺ棬źҸ˻˵Ҳô
ܰ೤˵ʱʱ뵽⡣
ȷӪʱȥе¶ѾѵˣҲǹ·ġ
ڶ˵ʱ򻻵ģҲûȥ顣
˵ǴŪأܲ˵ǲģǻַ¶ˡ
Ȼһ˵ǴȷӪǱߴģܰ೤۾һ˿ź⣬ûжʲô
Ƕͨ͸һˣһ⻰ͷ֪ⶫ·϶ر˵˺ûеڶܡ
ȥ¶ղԣټ׷ʾͿ϶ǲ׵ˡ
ԣӹ⣬ʼСݷķ
ɩӣ˵⺣εݷ£ɾʱ򲻶ԣȻǵҲʡ
⻰һ˵Сʱһźɵõ׷ʣôˣⶫݷʱ򣿻˵Ҫʲô۵ûУ
ҲǷʱ򡣡
ܰ೤̧ͷһͷȵĽĨĨͷĺż˵ֻ⺣λб㽲һˮݷҪñˮݣҪֵݺá
һ㶼ѡڱȽʱ򣬶ãű
⵺ϣݲһ죬ƻûݿȳˡ
С
Ǿûбİ취𣿡е㲻ĵļ׷ʡ
Ͼɽһļȵģȫ廹䡣ҪҸʱ򣬹Ʊҿ⻹Ҫѡ
Сڲסźܰ೤룬˵ɩӣҪܷĵĻҼûȥԣ
ĥû׼С˵ǸֿҲУ¶Ȳͦ͵ģûҵȥ
Ǿлл
ô˵СȻϲɵ㣬θ
󣬲Ŷ˵ܰ೤ܰݷķдһûµʱҲĥĥ
ȻϣɩµģҲʲôܣܰ೤Ȼ̾ͽԼ֪ݷϸϸдһֽϡ
Сֽϸоһ£ֹȻ˵Ȼݷ̷ûʲôѶȡ
ΨһΪѵľ¶ȵı֡
⵺ûĵطⶫ붼롣
С֪˵¶Լ˵ѣɶ˵ȴ׾ٵġ
бѣŷһļñĶȡ
˵ҸҸѶ˵Ҳټ򵥲ġ
ϾͰⷽӳһݸͽȥͬʱҪҲԼ׼һͰˮ
Ϊһʦڵõһ֮󣬲һ£ǻƲסԼǷ
ռʳŽȥ֮ϾͲʲô仯ˡڱʹȻãҪøɻݷȻġ
СеὫõʵʹû᲻ʲôΣգȴе㲻ġ
ôĥţʱһξ͹ȥˡ
ϣһСͱ׸סˡ
Ǹ㻹ûˣ
Сһ£һôȻᳯҪ
Ҫ֪סѾһˣɴûſڳҪʲô
С˵ͷҪǸ
һ˵У׵۾ʱһҲܲݿˡ
ô˵Сˡ
ܰ೤æݷε¶˵ʲôܣҲûеʱ򼸸СӶɽժȥˣڼҡ
ô֪ģ
ɻ󣬴ҲͣߣҴȥ
ʱ仹磬ûеƽʱʱСҲĸ˹ȥ
״ȥɽµһ´
סĵطܽ·ҲͼӡΪһƬʯ̲Щʯϻıǣʪֻܼ
һСˣˤˣ첲̾ͻᱻһѪӡ
ƽʱҵĴ˶ǲСǹġ
ȻЩСﲢףʵ⵺̫ˣҲûʲôܹס
Се֡
һ£
ײûлش𣬶һɿһܸߵʯϣȻ治֪ĵ˵ʲôȻСͼֽһܳӴʯĺˮק
ͼϵĶȡСѾͷ˹ȥʲô
ҲȣǼӣܰ೤ݵĺΡ˵ˮ¶ȵͣԾŰⶫںˮݡ
ϹҰæˮ
˵ţѾסһˣСſˣԭһͲŵĴͷƿ
ƿŵԼ֮ǰΡ
ʱ䣬ƿĺѾ֮ǰʱʳָɰͰ͵һСˣݿ˺ܶࡣ
׽ƿӴͲóȻԼʯ֪һСͰͰװСϪˮ
ӣӦѾһˡ
СʣԼҲһ£ԲרܻؼҽСҲ˹
Сƿˮȷʵһľܰ೤Ǹ˲ţ
뵽úˮµķӣҲû˭ˡ
ȥҼƿһؼǺΡСԴ˵
˵ˣҲ¡
״ӦŷɿܿСܰ೤֮ǰݵƿӺλ˻ˮ°ʵˣӸȥ
ŷ֣Ϊصȡ㣬˾Ȼʯһ׻ֶ
ֻҪѰƿӵͲڻϵŵͿԺ׵İ·Żغ
Żȥֻ֮轫Ӵӻȡҵط̶þˡǼֱݡ
ȻˮԱֵ£ǣǲǱĶҲԷˮﱣʣ
Сת÷ɿ죬ĶҲûͣ
ȻｫóԸɴŴµˮͰصϪ˰Ͱˮ
ȵٴηصʱ򣬴Ѿˡ
ӭֽӹŵˮͰ۾ȴһ顣
ء
СеĴӿڴó˼εݸԼԾˣٸС˵ˡ
ѵõǡ
˵
ݷףСǷĵġ⺢ϸĵĺܣҲ档
ܸܰ೤⼸ζݺˣ²·ôȲ˵Ȼܹһ²ˡ
Ϊ緹СûпװźεƿӷŽǽ˼ͼŸϻ˼ҡ
ȥʱ򣬼ﻹһƬĵģųٶû
ȥ˵ժ˼һѶǣ˳˼ܲ׼רײԡ
Ҳ֮ǰĥĴϸķӣԹλܴͦҵĻӭ
ˮտײ굹С
Ȼ߲ȫϴСⱬ죬ٰ֮ѳõĲ˵
ΪõǴײְ꣬һƿģాɲϡˮ൱ʵڣԵʳԵ֡
ַ˳õ߲ˣнζҲܷḻ
˵һ˶ˣóַ㡣
ʱСʵΪʱеִ٣ˣúȴõר˵һ³ޡ
Ҷ˵˳ڻʡʱ䣬Ҳ˳
ú󣬽ʢרõС˿ѾҪߵˣѾƽʱͷʱ䣬ҵҲ
е֡
һϴĶӣŮһ󱦣ȥڸʲôأǲǼʲôˣ
û䣬˴СţŴˣˣ
˵꣬Ѿƿ˽
ϵһͷһŸջӣСæʵɩӣôˣϵǸȥˣ
Ҳ˲ϸ˵Ĵŵˮﵹһˮ˹ȫȥ
ųһ˵㣬ϵεſˡҳſⲻϽ˸ȥ
ˣСһ
ô°ôúõľأ
˭֪أŮһͲáС첲Сȵģȥû椵Ĵ֣ǰڼҵʱɣ
ӣƽʱ̫˵ȻϵʱҲˣɸ˲ࡣ
Щ£ûʲô֪
ûţղˣ˵һµӡ
ǹǲסǰһҵ̨ǼšҸղ׼ţͼվ̨ſڡ
ûüкأͼѾͷ£һֱӾԵȥˡ
ʱŵӴ
ظ㶼ûʱɫֽһŵܹȥʱȶӶڴ¡Ҷһͷĵʯͷϣٿĳʲô£
治밡Ҫʲô£ǹӻ÷ˣǶŮ
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СԽԽġ
֪ùƶѪġ
ǲ˵Ѿκ𣿶Ұ֮ǰ˵ģƶѪǸ󲡣ֻҪԵĺһ㣬ӪܹϾͲٷˡ
ϵĻʳҲôַأ
Сӡ󲻻
֪ǲ˵ʵǸûʲô۵Ůӡ
ο˵ǹӵĶŮҪǳʲô£λרԺӿô
뵽ӵĵ
ôˣô˵
ˡҳӿ׼˵ʱƽϪߴˮȻ󱳵
ھʲôҲ̫֪ѾϹȥˣ˵ûʲô¡ⲻǼŻͷҲûǶ
ǰѷϽˣȥ
С
Ϊ£η͵ر졣ĵģҪ׼ﺢǵ緹ֱȥˡ
Сһ£ҲʹӦˡ
ϵʱ򣬻ûţԶľ
ûʲôôأٺúø󿴿ʲôûİɣ
Ϊʲô
ûƿţС洫˵Լʲô֪Ҳ֪ǳѵʲôǿ
ŵֲɵöһ¡
ʶʱҲˣСûмڹôƽʱСҲǸŭ˰ôˣ
ţ˳־ͰŸƿˡ
ļ˶ܾȡ
ǾʳɩӣôˣĶˣ
˵žͳСӭ˹
ûУû£Ҿǹ󡣡
תͷŮôˣôˣ
ΪԼô˶ڵĹǺ
Ѿǵú쵽ٺˡ
ʹͷҧ´ᶼҪˣ˵һ䣺ԲҴˡ
⵽ô°
СԽԽͿˣתͷŻ˼Сʲôú˵㿴⻹Ǹҽ𣿣
ҲûΪⷬϾҺ죬ž׸磬СҲɩӡ
ԽǰԽƲסԼƢ
üֱҪˣ
ָԼʲô㲻֪𣿴СѪˣʲôãϵɱ㣿ⲻǷʲô
㲻˭Σ
бɱ㵹б±ΰ
Խ˵ԽָͷͲûдˡ
С
һŷӦŵĿ󣺡Ϊΰ೤˵㵨СɱȻؼˣ
ͷǲ
ȥƽ˵ʱˡ
ɣ̧ͷݺݵĵһۣǰδе
һһ㶵ġ
֮ǰʶʶʵ
һ㶣ȻѸٽһԣǳͬѧ졣
ô˵Цźһͷ컨塣
ٵͷʱȴ䷢վһԵС԰Ŀסſһҡҡ׹ӡ
¿ɰŻˡ
ɩôˣ
һȥķסСĸ첲Ȼܵߵ
Ҳ˲˵ˣҲæΧ˹
Ȼϣɴ˿̵СȻת
Ҳ֪Լôˣ
ղ˵ɱ㣬ǰȻֳѪĳ棬ʱһġ
ȻһѣΣͻͷؽĸоûһͷȥ
Ǵûзġ
ӽŷڣɱûǧҲü˰ɣôȻأ
СԼҲ˼⡣
ŬΪѪθ﷭ӿĲʸУżĵ˰ڰ֣ЦЦû¡


78 
Ȱɩӷ¡
һ, æһһСܵݵĲϣź
ǲ
Լŵ, ôŪԼ˲ţ
û¡Ҫ, һҵѣƲס۾
ĸ֧ŲסԼ塣
⸱, ڳȫŻˡ
ɩӣͷ𣿡æ̽ʵ
СģѣһӿϵĶĵĸо춼Ų
ʣֻܱ۾˵ͷȻָָԼθĵط
θۣʵ
ҡҡͷ
ǣģ
ΣڵͷֻǰȻһ󷢺ڣ۾
⸱, ֻɫѿó棬ͷкˮ߳, Ƥȴ԰ޱȡ
æһ, ֻñ, ȴȫ亹
ŵøϽתͷ, ŵĿ
ҲûмС⸱ӹ˶ˣ˵, ϽС˰ɣ
߬סС, ƺָȡ
ӿڴó, һ߰ĲŶͷĺ, һﻹСİţС£ûµģܾˣЪͺˡ
˵Żȴеʣ۾ȫǸۡ
ֵе㷳ꡣ
İһߣڴߵİϣС֣Ĵָϡ
ƽܸĸоȴĿΣģ˲ɵòһַĵľ
ȻǿƵһߣȴ˿һ㲻ȫ۰Ͱ͵ĿϢĵȴ˵Ͻ
ڣٶȺܿ졣
Ǽʱ䣬̧
ٵһ˿ϲɻǹƽĳСʵɩӣûﲻ
СʱѾǷѣﻺôʣҡҡͷǸĶ˵û£㲻ùңҿܾǸղ·ߵü˵㣬еѾˡ
ȴûҪ˼ȻСĴߣ΢΢۲ɫʵɩӣ˵Ĳַգð֮ģǣû˯ģȫ붯Що
ô˵Сĥһ£Ȼҡҡͷ
æùǺһۻϾҪæ˯ˡ
Ҫɹɣɹɲˣ̲ˣݲˣСʳ
һĻȥĥѰҸĶ
ͺ֮ǰһŪ˼ı򺡣
æýŲմصġ
˯붯
˵ݳޣ붼룡
ܰҡͷˡ
ǣûʲôǰϲԵĶȻܳˣʲôŵʲôζˣȻʼģ
һ仰û˵꣬СȻ֮ǰ˵ڼſɱ¶ǰֳǴģѪĳ桭
ʱһûסһ½³˺üˮ
ȻˣʱŻˡ
һһæܳȥˮͬʱõĵһֻۣôôûӣѻ죡
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ͶҪֵˣȻĴЦ˵˵أʲôӦûУǲܰ
˵꣬ųС˵ɩӣϲ㻳ˣҪˣ
ˣСһ㶡
Ҳ˲θﻹڷ۾˵ңˣ
ǰ
Ҳ˵ĹǺѾˣΪãӦǺǿңԼûио
ҪȥҸ˵һرˣҸҪְˣҪˣ
˿̵ٴλָ˱ԣҲǸղźʱĳģ㵸
þ͸Լʲôϲһ㡣
СľϲҵһʱҲ˵ˡ
ȷʵ׼Ҫһӡ
һŵˣҪʮˡ䣬ûкӵ˼ֱǷëǡ
һʱ򣬼Ӷܴˡ
֮ǰһֱûҪΪ̫Сټҵﶼú͸Ŵ
ڣϵǰǺ̫ˣǰˡ뷨Ҳдı仯ʱҪҲܸһȵˡ
ǣû뵽ô졣
ʶָ˸ԼƽƽĸСе޷ţܾһ
ֻȻͶһůȫ泩ĸо
ǿɩӣȥӪ˵һ
ɫѾ͹ûʲôˣҲȥˣｻһתͷſߡ
ʼʱܱ֣ɸһţǽŲԽԽ죬ֱҪһӪķȥ
͸⿴ţ̲סЦ
˼զСһ⸱Ҳ֪ף
Ҳû۵ģһЦһ߿û˵
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תͷС˷ܵ˵СûüϲأҪˣãã
ȫףһǷĵģĵѸеϲ
˵֮˵˵Ǹ˿ŷģɿ϶û⡣ô˵ǼҲҽҩң־ѧҩˡǼҴ
ô˵Сɵö࿴һۣǾȵʵǳͬѧôСʱ¶֪ţ÷ѽ
˵סĲӣգգۡ
ϣÿɹġϵˣ۹ϵôҶһûҪǽҶ֪ʶ˵˵ɶϵ
ôʣɫȴԽԽÿˡ
ǿЦЦչƵһߣϹ˵ûЦҺͬѧʲôǣ롣
˵꣬ٴתͷС˻⣺СȲˮȥ㵹㣿
ȻҲ𸴣ڴߵ´ɸӾʹҴҵ˳ȥ
ʱҲʶԼ˵˻ߵСߣګګʣСǲˣ
Сһۣܻ𳵣˵ʱҲӡֻҲϹ˵ģ
ô˵˼ˡ
ڱ࣬һĺڣǣȥǸĲǹġ
ȥɣȥɡС˰֣ԼĿ˱ͷϡ
Ѿû˼ȥ¶ˣԶǶĺӡ
ٴαۣʱСûܰҪɵ˵ǧš
СЦҡҡͷϽߣǰҾͲˡ
˵껹ĳ˻֡
ӣȴڷġ
ţȥϴϰѰѵһ£Ͼͻ
˵Ҳ뿪˷䡣
ϵʵľֻһƽʱҲûʲôﶼȥ֮󣬷һӱúܰ
СԭĿ΢Ϣһ£ɸûмӣʹ˼ٵĽŲ
һۣһϤζӭѾԱߣӵ˻
ϱ
һȴûġ
ֻǽıֱۼӲƺҪǰŮԼ
Сſ˵ĻļٵܹʱļܹܵԼϵĴ΢΢Ĳ
ĶʱģһӾˡ
˱ţһ̾˿·ϲ˲䣬˵ѹˡ
һ仰ŵŸϽɿ֣վСĻ¡ǽģڷһϸɵı
ϱ㻹ѲܰĶ˵
˸վĴߣȫΪܲĺͷʪˮϴһ
ȫǽţȴֵôģǷݻϲڶβס
С˵ĶǴ˸ȥĺЦû£ûܡ
˵ˣղŻˣ
˵ּˣתһȦȻ˵Уҵøų绰ȥŲҽԺ飬ôúõľأ
˵Ҳ˻ظͺȻ̧ɤųĺҽ
СôҲû뵽ç
²ǺҲҪų绰
˼׼дȻ봬ֻԼ͵ҽԺȥˡ
ǷֵһŶ֪ϱˣ
СƵĵһۣһʱ޷ŵøȹϵϰ㣬ȫûǵ˺Ǹ侲ѵӪϵȺš
Ҫ󺰣Сһȵҹ
ԭ׼ȥ˵źȻϱһɤӣʱһ
⼸ˣСûյĽйأ
ŵøϽܹȥ˴ϣһŵؿŴϵŮˣôˣĶˣ
Сϴһ£ؼң
žһ£۾Եĵġ
ſ˵ʲôȴϱ˻ȥϽģ
ãۻؼңʲôۻȥ˵
һ仰˵̴ӵվҲˣ˫һ죬ֱӽϱӴϸ
ԭΪԹɫվԺȵӪһɤŵòûһͷԳȥ
ˣæĴӦһȾ壬һžͱǵıһˣϹۡ
һɲɿĽתһԣʲôҲû
ұϱ㿴
һȻһĳſϹΣȥȥȥȥɩҪע͵
˵껹ֽһȫ㣬һҲˡ

С˱Żصļҡ
ἸԽӪһ·ǽȫӪɲսʿĿϴ
ʼʱСһ£һ˵̬ȼΪȫûһҪֵ˼
Ҳľˣֻܳ䵱һֻ񣬽˵ظȥˡ
žô˻ڼ˵Ĵŵֱӽ˵ϡ
ֶûüͻæӭ˹
˵Сǻ˵Ϣ֮󣬶ʱЦü䣬Ͷϲˡ
̫ã̫ˣ
˷ܵһ°ƣ۳ֵϲϲҪˣ
˵ֵüü۵ģҲش𣬾ͿϱǺǵһɵЦ
Ϊ̫˷ܣȫԱ߶椵Ĵڡ
СѾͷԭʹԺأؿﱻŽԺһӦˡ
ʱʧɫ
ûܵÿ죬ûܵǰͱӵӵ˺档
ӼòУƵԱһﵽôˣ
ûڣ͵һƣ
ں׼£һƾСʱŵ۵һ¿޳
ôˣأĶܰ
ŴӴĸ첲漷˹ȥסС·֡
һ¿ɰѼһ
ӽСٴҪ˸ɵˣôҲ֡
СŮ޳Ҳ˲ñˣ˵ĸ첲ʹšһ¡
˻һŲ鲻ԸĽԺϡ
ˣû¡СæŮ˫֡
Сڵһͳ˹ȥ
һû߳ȥͱקס·ӣˣԺɲˣ
üŮ˵
椲գգ۾ȥҪίжί
СְѹŮ˻Ͻš˸ëݹȥ椲
ǲˣ½ٴʵ
СشԱߵĴЦʲôǻСˡ椰ܿҪˣ˲
˵ţСѾͷԴһѣԺҲСˣǳȥ治㣬Ҳаˡ
һ仰˵ض۾
СĶأ˷ܵʵ
˵꣬СĶϴ˴
ǰڴʱ򣬶Ǽھ˻еģе˶ӶԲԲģ͹ģԲǡ
ôʣһֱվԱߵæ˳ССأˣԺɵÿĵܵãɲܸղһˣ
СѾͷٵĵ˵ͷ
ӣСģҲġ˵һֱȴް취¡
˵кˣԼϾҪˣϢС˵Լ
ȷû£ÿ֮˻СƵģһĳ˼š
ȥ˵Ҫˣ˳ȥ
ϲıӰСȴе㷢
ԼĶڲסĵġ
Ӵ֣ûз֣ȴ
æһȦڱŮȥ֮󣬴˸ߣʵڵʲô´󱦺Ͷ֪ҪԼĺˣ᲻ˣ
Сû뵽ɩӻʵôֱףȴҲûΣֱӵ˵ͷ
󱦻õ㣬ϾһֱǵԼĸסɶ椵ʱСǰһ䶼ûˡǱŪȥˣԺ󡭡ºƲ
ô˵͵ֲ̫࣡㶼ѵΪСѾͷ£ⱲӶҪԼĺˣ
ǡС̧ͷҪͣĿȴȻԺ⣬ʱ


79 
ܵĿ, 󱦴˽ﻹһװˮ
ǽժˮ, ˵Ҷһ
˵, ߵСĸǰȻ˳ƶߡ
ˮһóָ
˵ղǷʱѹûпվſڵĴ󱦡Ȼ˵öﻰɾôúȥ, ٻеεġ
Ǹ, ȥժϻ󶬹԰
ҵ˸ɣе㱧ǸĿСһۣȻ¨ӳԺ, ˵ȥ
Զ, Сӵͷ˵Ļ㶼ˣ
ӽһ, Ȼ˵ͷ
С̾˿
һ仰û˵, ȴȻתֱס, ϥǴ
ô꣬ӴûԼǹͻȣСһ
ߵĻҲȫ˻ȥ
ҿɸˡ󱦺Ȼ˵
Сһ£ڶӵͷ˳ķ˿, ȴûнӻ, 󱦼˵
, û˵Ϲղڴ°˵㻳ˣҪСˣҾررˡ͵ҪԼĺˣ
˵ţ̧۾еģȴֿɾ
˵˼ĨĨ۾˵û㲻ùܶ椡С£Ϊ̫ࡣģأڲұ֤˺Сġ
󱦵Ļ˵Сһѹ
Ӳ˷ɺ̫ˣͻܡ
ô˵Լã椻С˵Ҳû˵ˣҿϲĺءСڴ󱦵ϸ˸˵
ţǶϲ
˵ţصСϣ۾ѹϥϣС˵ǻܵúã͵Ǻһ
Сȴܼᶨ

󱦵ⷬȻСܸжҲûȫϡϾǸĺӣѵָôСܰԼʲô
û뵽ǣԴŵ֮󣬴󱦷·һҹ䳤˺ܶࡣ
ʹ׻Щǲ֪ôģӴ˺ÿ磬ܵжԶһ׼ϻͷ
ֹһεľܾҲѵ⼸ӣǱڡһΣͺС¶˾ģˡ
ôױضϻ״򲻶
Ǵ˵Ϲġ
˵СһǿˣǸСֶɴ󱦺ǿӸǻලǵİȫôר־ĸϻͷ
˵ʱҲǸ̾С
˵Ҳû뵽⼸ӿȥģﶼģʢ¶ģǣ
ĸдֺγСأ
֮ǰǵ㵣ǣ˿룬Լɵе
һֱԼѶ̫ˣڼǾǸС˭ţţһ˾ͻޡ
ܵĺӻֲǸ˵ܵãĳ谮
û뵽ǣЩĸǲڵġ
Դ֪ĶС֮˶һ
Ե˲С
ƺǰСĺӵԼĺӣֺǻֳ谮Ǻ޲߸·СѾͷܹһһС˶Сǿô죿
ھǸСһڼһ쵽ææģһҲͣ
һˣҲô˽С
ԼϴͷȻιιѼܵ˵ȥժҪõĲˡ
ժҲý˼ҾܸȫϴĸɸɾܰԼеȫг
쾫ӵģС඼ˡ
ӣСһ˲Ļ㱣ԼǼ˸ʱĴ󱦡
ʱĴ󱦾ôһ쵽ææµµ޲ðѼĻȫˡòɵĻȫŸɡ
ָоܲܡ
Ҳͼֹֹö椺ܲˣҲúӺܲ⡣
ʱˣҲˣСѾͷЩ¶Ķ͵ȫͬ
ʱСֺڵĶ椣򴿴ΪԼġ
ϰһ㡣
ЩСҲͲţİõ˶Ůǵչˡ
һֱŵڷȥ֮ȴʼ鷳
Сڸܵʲô¡
֮ǰȻҲôڣɻ֢״Ҳʧˡ
֮ӣҲɱ㣬ʰʱվڸǰȻһ֮⣬ȫͺһûʲô
֮ǰ˵Щ֢״ȻûУҲûиоκܡΪ˴໹Ľ˵˵ıǸɵģôһ֪衣
˵С̵ġ
һУȫΪһαˡ
ΪȻ֪˻еϢСһʱܰ೤ڰݷε¶ˡ
һֱ죬ܰ೤ԶһУѾݷĺΣ
ɩӣ㿴ζðִַһƳˣ
ܰ೤ѷд򿪣ִ˴ȻˮĶ
һ˷ܣ򺣲εֱ˰ڿʲôƵġ
Сȴ⶯ŵò㵹˺üҲˣʶ˵ʱֹס˽Ų
һ۷ڣཱུĳӣͿʼһ϶ֻԼôûª
ֻǣ˼Ұæ˼ҷѾģúˮݵİ취ڸݳˣôҲܰԼĲϲֳ
СǿһЦݣװܸȤĿһۣܰ೤˵ȥãлл㰡
ô˵ܰ೤ˣִץһٵСǰ԰ڣҵһǺõġɩӣ㿴ⵯԣȫǶģ
Ҹ˵Ҫˣζ϶˵գЩˣֻôһ£϶رóԡ
֮ǰǶڷʱСܡܰ೤һóǺɫĳӾǻһǰζţɢһ󺣲Ʒе
Ѿе̵ĺǿˡ
Ȼ˵ʲôôһ¡
Сǰ̳һ̱ĳӷϽ˴нͣŬ䶯ŵ龰
ʱθһŤһһء
һʼľͲСܹƵˣʲôò֣ȫ˲ˣܰ೤˵һ仰תȥ˺ĲȻ˸ȥ
Ҳ֪˶ãһֱ۵ĸϹ˳ȥ˼¿ˮŰӾ˹
ٿԺܰ೤Ӱûˡ
СҲǵģ֪㻳ˣⶫ㿴һһֱNN
ΪűӪһȦټǸͣеϢڶڲס
һĹ򣬾˾֪ˡ
ʼʱСе㲻˼ҲѾϰˡô˵ЦЦҲû
ɸշºˮıӣСͿǸߣæסɩӣǺӸңա
ôĶɲҷڳȻһˣ
࿴Ǹӣеɣܿ
ܡСҧҧͷ
˵ɩӣѷиӸǽЩҡ
ɶûüڣѾѶݵǰһӴζ
ŷ֣ǺиӾȻǰ볨ŵģ


80 
Сθʱһ󷭹, վܡһܻһߺɩӣ𶯣
ñͻľٶһĴ־ŷվһҲҶ
ʵû˵ı𶯣˵ԼǷУ
, СʽµĽ׶Ρ
ŲúʵĻˣŵһζµȥ
ۿɼ, Сһĵ
߶ҪȥҽԺǱǿнֹ˹ƶҪþߵ绰ų̸̸ˡ
ջ˵ġС֪ĻĿΪģҲǸʡĵļһ
˻, ޷Ǿܵ, ԼһӻŵҲ͹ȥˡ
ƫƫ, СĹǸר
һζи˵ʱһΪ¶
ϺȻҲ˵еϢ
үҲ֪רĸ˵, Ūһͻ÷, صĸ
ͻ÷ɲǺĶ˵ֻоǺͺǲ, Ҳˡ
˭һҲǱ, ĺܡ
С˺ƤҪʳʱʲô棿
֪ʼº, λˡ˵ҲȥʳãƽˮƽҲС˵, Ҳûôི
СôԸ⣿
Ȳ˵ʳǱ߸ֲרÿСϾǵĿͱǲһġ
Ҫǣġ
Ϊһŷô¹ù, ˽¶ô, С˭֪ʲôӿ롣
Ȼϵ˶Ǿ, ݶװ׵ġ
һأ
һи˼ϲģǱֵĻ̫ˡ
ר˸ǹ֮԰͵ɽΪҪ֤Щǰٷְٵİȫ
ԼСýҲ򵥣СԱ֤Լҳȥķ˶Ǹɸɾ˷ĵġ
ɽԼǻɤ
ҲĴҵ¶
ĴǾζСÿţĿǰ״̬ǳеεġ
ҪԼס
С֪ɩʳʲôĿ϶û⣬ֻ˵ȫû֡
ʵҲ˵û֣ҪѹͲΪѷúóԺҪ
ǱˣܳԱͳɵ̬ƽϲ˵еŪ˼
Լû˵ʲôɸרСе㿴ˡ
˴ɩӣָ˭أ
ȷʵ˲ˣܰ೤ڵϰŸû뿪ҪٶһҲǲԡ
֮ǰ˵ģԸһ
ʵʵһ𾭹¶ˣİ׵¶ˡ
û취СֻøԼú޲һʵʵĴ֡
ϴЩ´ȫˣ˵ʱԶ֡
Ǹſ֣ζʱǿƲסһ¡
رڳЩƽĻף֮屴ʱڵһ˲޲Ķˡ
˵ÿһγˣ˵Ǽ尾
ˣǱ¹ͻܵȥ¸ȥ
ֺۣް취
񾢶ˣκ˵Ҳ˵ͨġ
ײ֪һƫɽժ˺öâ
ƤпκۣҪһԡ
СĺڰСеִġɿСһͷĺгڴСûסһŽ
һڳȥʱ
ڣݣ
Ϊ죬ˣ
СԼûгԹôóԵĶʵ̫ˬˣ
ֳױ˸ĴָȻһĴʶ˲˵ˣӹ룬Ӷãôһһ͡
߳ԣ̲ס̫̾óˣζ̫ˣ
󣬸ɴֱӱԺСһϥǴڳ
Աԭ׼ֹ׵ĴĿɿڴ̲ס˸䡣
ó԰ִ˴ֱĺëǱﲻסʳ
ţóԣСʹĵͷ
룬Ŀ˴һۣŴһСպ˵ξٵǰ˵ɩӣҪҲһִʵ̫óˣ
ôæ֣˺üҲȫԼ԰ɡ
˵꣬ʶԼӡ
ûĹպΣǸɶԷ˺ᣬĿˮʶʲꡣ
ĿСһۣ벻ͨ˻ޣζΪɶܱôꣿ
СԵûϲ״չȥ׵ߣҲ˵ô۰Ͱ͵Ŀԡ
ʱ衣
С˳һâָɶˣ
˵ô׷˸ۣ㶼ҵã
ҪɶС̧̧°͡
ʵڲܹСţʵǡ
ǸԸ׽ܳ˷ޣ
ƨɴ򿪻һģȻͰ͵ĴյԼǰôеԼ
СȻãâˡ
˵ɣ㵽׸ɶ¶ˣ
Ƴһ۷ϥϵ룬ҧҧֲһ䣺ֻҪ̫˵ģͰ㵣š
һ仰˵شеһվߵһ߶
Ҿ˵ô˵ƫ˵СҾ֪С쵰ƭҵģ
״˴֣תſߣﻹֹţôʰ
С󺰣һ
Ȼһ·Աߵķ˵ʵôˣ
Ҫѧˣ̣ҾͺúøѧҪǲ̣Ҿ͵͵ѧ
ôʣҲˣҲûͺôһ䡣
ֱӽС˵ˡ
ӣûܰ͵ѧ˵ôֱ׳ģ
Сһ￴˰죬е㲻ŵĽĻظһ飺Ҫѧˣ
ǡ
ȻѾ˵Լ뷨Ҳûôˡ
ƹˤץ˸ʣֱС棬̲̣
СҲֶžһƣô˽յ𣿡
ίƲƲ죬һߣҲúø˵ġ
˵ࡣ
Сֻһۡ
û뵽׻ԳոȤ⺢Ӻ˻еϴһǵĲϡ
ͨԸԼڳѧ¡
ԣһ˵Ǻ޷ģһʱԼֲҪҪӦ
ǰСһһηʵѾˡ
ԼƤ³ģǻӣŷִѾԼĸͷߣٲȻһģˡ
뿴ѾʮˣɲѾǴ
뵱Լѧͽʱ򣬻û
ôҪѧأʵ
ΪʲôѧԲش⡣
ǲС
СΪľܾûһȰģʲôѧõġҲͷԲ˿࣬;ϵˡͽܣҿɲա
Ļ׾̧۾ΪʲôҪ㵱ͽܣԺҪȥϵģѵ׼һֱ˼
һľȣ·С˵ʲô˷˼Ļû
㻹Ҫѧ
СҲˣ̧־ͿʼˣߣҾ֪ûԣ
Ҳ֮ǰеĶⱲһ˼̳Լ²ҲһԵ¶
Ҳˣѧ˾Ϳ㳴˰ͲһֱŻŻŻˡ쵽զҵģզֲûأ
Сˡ
û뵽Ҫѧ˾ȻΪɡ
һ̣ȻоһַĵģҸС
ֻãܣҲֵˡ

˴׵İæСһ˺ܶࡣ
⺢ʵ֮ǰһʱѾѧ˺ܶ࣬ûƹףʵϴˮƽ˵֪Ҫ϶١
رǴЩͷȽϴ㰡зģ󣬶⿴ɻ˾ú˳ۡ
˵Сˣ඼ѹһС˺ܶࡣ
˵ˣ֪ǲΪ֮ǰڳ￴Сʵǿˣ׿˵һ͸
ǰģˣʣ֮ģֻҪǰ˵һ̣ҪʲôŶ٣дһԶŵ㣬СţĲࡣ
һЩӵģڶ֮ģ϶Сһƾоϡ
ֱ취ڵڶʱһͼС룬ҪСÿηϵʱȷŵСȻõһһķŵڶȥ
֮һӣѾݼ
Ū֮󣬴׵İӽڶרǶ˵Բǰʲô
СӹúЩ̵ģȻȻɱһȺôĺǻţҲûʲôˡ
ȥСҲֳһ
ɾʱһһֱĵ¶ڷˡ
ӭϵûģı꼾
ɽطһ±ꡣ
ΪɽɽʯͷӶࡣͬʱɽľڶ࣬غι̣ûзɽ廬¡
ԴҶڱ겢ǺܵģѲͧʱˡ
Դϴλ˵һ˻ʲôĺź嶼ģʼӴϵĴ
˵ڵϳԵĺȵĶ˲٣ǲʮʮģϵ΢ʡһ㣬ҲǳŲȥ
ԣڿʼ֪Ҫʱ򣬴Ҳû̫ġ
ǽֻպãҸ֪ͨÿúӣü˵أũˮ
˭Ҳû뵽ڱٵĵ죬ʢʳǸֿȻˣ
ֿʳɲˣ࣬ȫ
һ£ȫˣĶˡ
ɽʱΪ£ŽȥʱȽϳƽȫӪ˵Ĵ档
ʱ˵ĺܣԼҵһʵĴ洢ط
֪ǵʱݳ⣬ǶʯûпڽĿ֮󣬿ĶȻ
ʯڶµʵʵŵȥڣһһҹҲûڿ
ǹһоϱֹΪ˵ڵʯѾɶˣȥпܻĲֿҲǣȥ
£˭Ҳټˡ
ȫӪʮĿȫڲֿȫ
ƽ޵໽У޲л¶ôܹأ
źæְ֯ᣬҽĿȹ׳һͳһ䡣
Ͼʲôʱͣ˭Ҳ֪һ첻ͣһ첹Ϳ˰
սʿǷֲĿʼȥѰܳԵĶȥûҵ١
Щƽﵽɼı࣬ССϺȫΪⳡ겻Ӱ
ôʮޡ
ͬʱʼ˸ðˡ
ЩðɻսʿǣԼᣬ嵱¡ҲϢ
˲Ļᡣ
žǵϵ˺С
Щ˴󲿷ֶǴӱģ˭ҲûоôıꡣʪȣԵķֿʼơϾšܿ죬һŲסˡ
СΪУⲻЩ˵ټϣҲš
æýŲմأ϶ݣҲֻΪΪͣļ
û̫ࡣ
ΪղĬϣ򲻵ѲȥרʳҲûᣬ
ԣС˵һ֪Ҫ϶˵ˡ


81 
С֪֮, Ҳ˭ġǣȻһ˶ڼҳԷˡ
˵ӪæʳóԷȻ, Ҳ˵Ҫȥﴶ°ժӣϲڼˡ
ǰżæҲǴԷĴ໹ӣ극, һͻٵʲôƵġ
һ, ֻʣͶ 
, ַר׺ʹҲʼˣѵʱ仹֮ǰһ
Ϊڲ̫, Ҳ֪ÿ쵽ʲô
˷·Ҳⲻ, , ͷٶȶɿ죬ŵζѾװ÷У͵׼ˡ
Ϊ̫ڿ⣬ԸоԼСɵҲġ
¸ͣʱʱİд硣
, ɴ󱦸ɽСֶӵĺǣÿ춼ɽժӡصҵʱ, ·ܵ͸ʪ
˵˺ü, Ҳ, ں˵̫Σˡ˶, ȴûһ
һ, ԽԽ
һʵ̲סˣͳŴʹ׶ڳҲȥæʱԼ͵͵˳ȥ
ΪУҲΪһֱ꣬ʪһƬֹš
СĵһӣҲûʲô飬ټϵûиƵҽһеʲô£ҽԺĿԶûС
ԼҲעĺܣײ忪Ц
ıסˡ
껹£Сһĵ뿪˼ҡһȥͷ˲Ծ
ʱ緹ʱ䣬һ·ϼҼһĳûһ̻񶼹š
ûмǱʲôˡ
Խʳã·ϵԽϼҴڵģһǸȥԷġ
龰˵һϵʱС֮Ѿþûмͬľˡ
ľ
ΪڵֺںڴŮͨõģܹ
꣬ҶŸ·Ծɲû˭ϳ
Сʳá
һȥڳԷҪƱˣҲѡͣ˵ĳʳȫһ
Ҵӽʳõһ̣͹ؾصź˶ӣ˳ŶǰС
ڶǰͷƽʱ򷹵ĵطҲûʢͷĴ裬ȫĳӱСᡣ
򷹵ӦѾķ˹ȡʱһһȡġ
һ֮ǰȥ֣Ȼ򷹵СսʿѾʢõģͷĳʳһóǡ
Сվڲ۵Ľ˿Щ˶˵Ķ
ŷ˵ĶһҲ˭ʳ࣬˭ʳˡ
ȫǰͷһһֻСȭͷСͷһһâûȫСۣһ
ҲˮģֻмƬ̲ҶӣһЩϲˣӰӰ´µܹô⣬һ۾ܿףͻûС
ɾЩŵ˶Сģһһεӡ
ڴСǸг˿Ĺ⣬һǶˡ
ЩСʲô׵ģ
ĬĬĴʳ˳
ҵʱǲŸո÷ûз֮ǰڡ
Ѿ֪͹֮ҪϹȥãСȻʱ鷳
ٵѵʪЬӻȻװոմ߳һ㣬˳
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ô˵һ£㲻ˣ
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аɣҪܾöҲѧĲˣ¸ûġ
ô˵̳ȥСһĵͷеģ£
˵꣬Լ̵ܳȥ˸СʣվŽżó֮ǰʱ򣬴ߦɹɵİȻСķϡ
Сһۣŷ֣ŮóֻһСѣֻ׼Լһ˳Եˡ
źȻǰ椵ķҲ֮ǰ˺ܶࡣÿǲ˵ˮԶˣǵúܡ
ڿСѾͷѾԶԾĽʡʳˡ
ȫ˶Լһڳء
С۾˲һȡ
ٵĴͷס۵һ⣬ԵȥϵʳУǸϽȥɡ

Ѿһ粽ｫӽ˹ȥ
ÿʼNNڲզô֪أˣˣϽȥɣ¶öɡ
˵ţҲǷԸ⣬ץӲǽСҡ
ɴ಻֪ǣ͸ղôһ࣬Ѿ˲ͬ
ʳȫûһ㷹˵ζ
Ϊ˱֤רǷ˵ҲΪ´࿿£Ϊ᲻÷ŵ϶ùȻζ
С֮ǰѾÿһ˵ν϶ˡ
ֻҪҪıûоϲٲѵѳԣûʳ
ɸղţѾŲ˵ĺôˣûŵһ˵ζûųװɶˡ
˵ʲô
Ψһ˵ľǣרĻʳ׼Ҳʼˡ
Сƾ߶Ҳûʲô
ûȥڼ˶ȥæԼ¶ʱ򣬽ŷ
Сһڷʱ
ǰһԼʱ˷֣ӶʲôףѡǶ¹֮ŷû˵ʱ
е˲ˡ
ֺȻجγĽ̸Ѱ
ŷæµʱǵķӦǸոշ꣬ڸƷȽϸߵĹѾ
Щ˵ķȻǵľϸ˶డ
ȫæȻ죬СӰҲûС
С˿֮ǰдõٵķŽ˹
Ϊʱô٣һ￴⽫ϵëʻ˸λãͷָķ
һУҲûжתȥԼС
СＸһóȥʳġ
͵ľ㣬ϲˮϣƾƣţ̣лõһЩƿƿ޹ޡ
ЩЩµһЩʳ
ȻҪԾΪɶҲһЩ棬棬Ķڹ˵Ĵ
СЩȫʰ˳ȻصӴһӡ
ӻǵǴȷӪģŵĶһӵĺ·Щ˵ȻǴģ
·óʱŵ˿ռְѿռʰõʳ֮ȥ˳
ӦֱȥʳóԷˣֻжһ
ȻСѾͷֻССһһɰ
ЩµģƽÿһСѾͷĺܣƽʱ᲻óԡ
Сһҫܹȥס֣קǰߣﻹ԰ڣ㿴òãǲǱȴ׸ĺã
С˳ߵǰ£˿ʢŵһʵֳԹˣ
СѾͷͷӡ
ſЦ˵ˡղеȳһڣûɣ
Сû֨ԼһΪеİݲ˶椵
ְǸɰҲ˰һԡ
椵һǵͨ죬ôӵվҪ¸ȥ
ģҵĳˣģҶԱˣһ㲻
СڹŮͷº͵˵Ͻ԰ɣȥð綼л
ǰݵʳᵽȥҲȥǶԷ
⻰һ̾ɵˡ
СѾͷϾСʱᶼҪˣ֪ˣզ֪İû˵
Ϊ
Сûн̫࣬˵ӣϽԣȥ
鲻ãСѾͷҲٸˣڳ˰죬ѾӾܡ
⻹𶯣ҺǾͻϴ
û£ѾܳȥԶˡ
ŮˣСߵ˼ʳǸ׸ǰ
ȻǹŸרģΪ˱ӣʳߺרǵǷֿġ
רҵǸõķٳһСרŷãԼҵģ˳ƵĴ׸
ƿ׸׸ǣȻ漸ûжٴˡ
ӦΪԼڲô˻Ǵ׳ÿսǵĿҲ°ˡ
ǲҳɲؼҳԷҪѼеһ㾫ϸȫͶ椰
СʳһȻֽĶҲȫ˳
һĶˣûһ˸⻯
Ķкӣʵϱˣ̫ơ
ǿռ֮ǰЩ㣬ˮҲ㹻֤ӵӪˡ
Щʳ붼Ĳ
֮ǰӣѾȼ׼ãԼȥá
żǱøͽɲʱ䡣
ŷĹ£ҲܽôһʳڹСҲԹŷĵطҲȥˡ
֮ǰͺͽˣֻҪ˵ҪҪ취ʳʱ˽ŷϵǸֿ
ʢŹҪõͣһһҲͿôһΣͬʳŸһģֻҪע㲢ᱻ˲
СܹԶĵطˡ
¶ȥ죬ģ֪ͽһܹҪĶȫ׼á
ֻԼȥȡͿˡ
Сĵʵǡ
ʳյô죿ʱҪôó
ܲĿ֮£ƾձһʳɣ
ɱĵط
ȥһȦѾˣѾΪòͣսʿ;СȫټȥҳԵˡ
ɽϻûȫĽ۶ժˣ˵Ѿѵȫתһ飿
£Ҫһʲô취Щʳ˳µıҷ֣Ҳ˲ɣǴʱС˵⡣
ĥŵȥһطǱߴ׺ʹѾŶ椺˻
ǵ󻹸ƽ
˵ȫдžܾӶѾĻ˵ˡ
һŲСھ˹һѰס׸׵ĸӡ
ﲻУǸСóԵģСֻгԵñģܳúã
Ҳ֪զģĪķҪ˵СĶǸŮ조áá̵ģһֱҪһСܵĶ椣޲ܡ
Ҳ˹ƵšŸüͷŻ
Ѿ֪ˣ˵ϻϹ⡣
ƽһţöϿˡ
ɩӣĲҪĿҪǰǷҲȥȫһһĭҲðҸ˰
ĿǰΪֹɽСǶһݻеģһֱܵ˴ҵŴ
Сһֱ֪ģû뵽һŴ̶ȡ
ҲǣǴҼ˲Ҫľŵĸԣ᲻ãҲרŸԼϱ⻯
ǸղСѾ뵽˵ġ
ΪȫˣڼӣһҲΪ
ָָ׸Աߵʳƽ˵Сãʹװɣ󱦸ӻСѡ
˵ߡ
ﻹһ֮ǰĴҲһߣʲôʱ򲹸ˣǵûҾǡ
ɩӲҪˣҪѼܵľҲˣƽȥ
úˣſǲ֡
ɩӣɲﻹźأҪǲԱǿɲСѾ˵ˣ·ݱóԺúȵĹţȻҪǳΣյġ
˵˵ţȦͺ
ҲãûסӪʳҾӪˣɩӣˣٸˣҪⱣȥ
ʣôˣ˵ŻĨһᡣ
ƽվһţȫվĶ棬жʾ˶˵Ļж࿹ܡ
Сң˵һģ˵ĻʵҲû취
Ҳ¶˾ˣҲҺӲһòͣſڿ
ģ˵֮ǰײû˵ٻ֪ͨš
öȥ֪ͨʱСѾ뵽ЩҲǳԼݴóһС
ӲŰʳ߽ӡ
õǸǰ⿪ӣӲӵС׺Ȼ˵ǰ
ڶͷӦʱ龰Ǻ𾪵ġ
ȫ̧ͷ
ҴʳǰֻˣÿʳҶóһС£ÿרŸԼСø޳ԵĶҾԲҲϹġ
С˵ţĿƽһۣ˵Ͻôˣ޿Ҳߡ
һ仰˵ƽӲ˼
ǰСƽȻеĲ̣ӪʵȱҲ˵ҪʳĻˡ
ʹһ߽ңȻͿװ˸ľӡ
ֱ˵ˡ
Ǵ󱦺Ͷ椺ȻôԵģϲĺг
СʹһѶ̧ȥƽеʾ
һʣӵĳˡ
ƽڴ°Сֻֿ˹ȫӪĿѾȥˡ
϶Կ˼ܹҲôʮǵôܹȫ߰˰ٿһԣ
پϸ㣬ҲҪŲס
һٸɷ𣬴Ҿֻܺˡ


82 
ƽʹʳ뿪û, ƾͻˡ
Ӧæ¶̸˻¶ûü˿̻ܵ͸ʪ
źֱȥ˳׸׿һ, ڿʲôҲû֮ͻݡ
һȿ׺Ͷ椶ɥһڿĽ, ϱ߶֪Щʲô
ʲô׵ģ
Ҳ˲ӶԱվ, Сֱӽ, תֹš
վȫ⡣
СĥŵȥĶҸطʳأһקһ

һƴ˵, Ȼؿڣˡ
Ҳ, ֻüͷϱ㲻
ȫʳˣҸ⣿ô, ΪӪϱ, Ҹ˲һ
СȻ֪˲˼
Ϊһи, ͺ׼, ټһΪʳ¶Ǹģʤ
ΨһܹйĶǰȻҲľͿʼ
ŵ˵֪Ҳ˼
ʲô˼Ǿһˣ͵ñȱ˽ǻмС, զ˼Ҳʳţ, Ҿôˣ
̫Ѩ
֪ϱ˵Ķﻰ, ǹûڶԼءֲò, ʵ⻰еġ
һӴһ
ΪһӪ֮, Ȼ֪ļѵͷʱӦá
ʹһͬ۹, ѹء
ӻˣɡ˭һûиأ
ҪһļҲҳһɲʳ
Ȼףһ뵽СŶӣȥʳóԷôҲ᲻á
ϱųζͶģôȥʳŶʳأ
㲻ȥʳãúӰѳԵɾһ㶫Сӿ϶ýźǳԡ
أô죿
˵ˣǰҪʱʱҪ˿Сܿס̥ҲײΣա
˻£סʵѾÿˣԼϱٸųʲô£ܲס
ʲô꣬˰£СҪеʲô£˭
ǸСëӣ
Ų룬΢һ̸оĵǵֻš
ԣ֪ԼӦҪģͷãɵ¶СʱĬˡ
Ҵмֵܡ
ſԼΪ˹ңΪȥͷ­ѪУС߹ǣǱ뱣ãκ˶˲õġ
Լ
⻰ôŵÿڸǰСŮ˵
С˵Щ˲ԸĻöǵȴһ޶ûС
ϱԴϰ˰΢ʹ˵㾢µĻȫ˻ȥ
ſ˵ȥƽĿûҪǲ̣ǾöҲȥʳóԷĻڼ
˵꣬Ůһۣв
Ȼתߡ
Ǽƣǵľⳡ̸˽
Сû˶ǿƵʱ
񣬷ӦϽһѾסĸ첲
Ȼͱʪܵ·Ūֵˮ
ĿһԼ֣ģ
ǸϽһëɾˣ˵Ͻ·
ˣٻҲࡣһ£øϽߡһĲΪ⡣
˵ֶ꣬סŲŻʵʵڼҵţţô󱦸ȥ°á
ʲôãͳȥû˼ô룿۷˫ɣϷ˿أ
СղʪģеۣʱĹǺ
Ҳýˣ˦־ȥţȻֱߡ
æں׷Ȱ⣺ңƽˣϹ롣
һͿϱ֪Ķóһ沼Ȼŵÿģչʾ
һƲӲӵСףҪȰĻ̿ɤһűһ䣺ĶŪģ
֮ǰġ
СһۣΪһһɽգĸʳˣҲһԱʱ֮裿ؼʱǾĶ
˵ֳ꣬˳˰ɣҸųԵأ˰ɣ
ŷģʱ˵Ļŭţ֮ǰһֱšŵҲչ˿
ץһСףָﻬȥʸУٺٵЦ
ĿŮһۣĵ˵ԲԶС¶ؼǵϱԱԺúȺãҪġ
һ仰˵С̲סҲ˴ǡ
סĵĻϲһۣƶˣϽ߰ɣǵøɻҲϢ
ΪгھõԵʣСŷ֣Լöĺˡ
֪ʲôʱôˣ
ݻƣ۰״ȫѪ˿һʱʱڼ尾еӡ
ƽ˵Ļ˵ΪըҩٰѱĵطҲˣӪͽ̵Աȫսʿڡ
ԭʼķǣͷһ䣬һȻСƳߡ
ڴҶϣҪ̫ܹڳһСֻͨܽȥһҲУôܰʳ˳һ㡣
ԣһ߳ž޴ѹһ߳ſÿͳôһʳ
£ô᲻أ
С۵˲УҲᶨҪҵʳطľġ
뿪ûһ׾ͻˡ
һԺûлݣȥ˳治֪ʲôһŹ
ݺȻܹóϴ֣ѽЬ棬ϻһɢȥζ
СӣȥĶˣ
Ҳûȥ֮ǰڱĵطˣ˼
˵С̽ʣ˵ڲôˣ𣿡
Сû뵽׻ôʡ
֮ǰ˵ʱŪģʵԼûôע⡣
ô˵ϸ룬ȷʵ˺ܶ࣬ٽȥʳõʱûиоġ
ȻҲΪʱ̫ھȣ¶
룬Ŵ׵˵ͷǣµˡôˣզ
ͷûлش⣬ǷʵǸ֮ǰóĸɺλûˣҪУٸҵ㣿
仰˵꣬һգգĶС۲ļΪϸ
ƺϿ⼸ֵʱ򣬻ʲô顣
Ҫ֪Сһοʼ£ΪݷĺεԵʡ
ȻһᵽΣСθһܡȴûµĸоԵ
θҪǸ𣿡
һֱ۲ı飬ûҪµ˼ʱжʲôһֿЦ
Сû뵽һ⺢Ӹ˳ȻȻ֪Ҫɻ̲סһ¡
û˵߹ȥڴ׵ԴһѣȻ߽ݡ
ϴܰ೤д׷ĺΣȫŶĸҽݷķҲһ
Ϊ˱ʾлָһӸɵģаʮֹ
ȻͷⶫҲǵܰ೤Ļ֪ǺõģҲûоܾ
ڻĿռš
ݻһȦȻӿռʮݸ˴ס
ݵ㣬ʱϻС
Ȼû˵õʱѾˣ⺢Ҫʲô£϶Ҫ˳ԡ
Ҫ˭ܲ˼Щˣʲô᲻õģ
Ҫǵȣһݷ̫࣬Ȼûа취棬޲ٶó
ȻרĿҲûռǵġɽķѾ˵ˣҲԶԾļٷ
С˲ϣϺҪܵġ
Ȳ˵λ˼רĹǣ没ĶҪɢˣ˵Ӹ˸鷽棬Ҳλ
СõҲԼĶṵ̂ҵıˣ
Щײ֪ڿһóô࣬СӶʱ
һˣҲͱˡ
ܰ೤˵ʵ⺣رʺиԡ֮ǰԵģһֱ£ãźĺܡ
֮ǰרŽҺüεķҪǲˣҽϾ͸С׺ԡ
ܰ೤˵ˣز
Сû뵽׻˵ôһһʱе
˵֮ƺҲе㲻˼ӣץסݹĺΣŤͷߡ
ȥǸϡ
ô˵СæȵȣҲȥ
ͣ˽ŲȴһľܾԱô˵Ҳ⣬ȫֹҵ˵ˣš
ٲתת˶Ҫ淢ëˣѾˣûµġСקסԼ½ǵĺԴߣһѣ
ǡ
ѽ˵ˣС˵㣬۸Ͻȥһ˾ͳȥˡ
С˵Ļᣬתͷȥ·
ָ˹ֻεֲһ䣺ˣˣǶţȫţ浱İ
ô˵ӻһֻۣͬˡ
Ҳ֪СƢŸɣǼˣҪ쭵ġ
ˣǵסġ
ԣٶ죬С·ûãǱѾȫ˲ñЬվԺߵķµˡ
Ȼ꼾ʱ䳤Ҳܱ֤ÿ˶ߡֻһֽɡ̫̫󣬸ȥߡ
Ӿֻ˲ñ֮ǰСһһ˫ĽЬ
һСð곯ɽĺ̲ȥ
Сִֵ֮ķҪðУΪҪȥʲôʳ벻ʲôطԴʳתת
֮ǰɽϹҹǸɽôɲԶǿ
һûл˵۾ԼܵɽȥǸɽҲ̫СˣһСС˴涼ˮʪˣôʳͷŲ¡
ļɽǵطʯᾣƽʱȥҲ٣ڵҸ̫עĵطҲûˡ
ӽСһĻм䡣
С˵㣬Ҳû֮ǰô󣬼˵Ҳһ·ްߵ֮ǰŹͷƿǸʯͷ¡
ᳵ·ʯͷϡ
󱦺ͶǵһҲͷһؿݺΡ
ԾԾԾʯͷ
ʯͷȻߣΪԱǡмߵͲһʯͷڽţȥѡ
ȥɡ˷СҲûţԴ˵
ͬˣ̸˵𣬳Ŵʯͷ˹ȥ
վ棬е㵣ĵĿСܣվǶ𶯡
˵СֱҪЦˡ
ˣˣôˣ֪ܲСģ㿴õãȥҾΧתתԶ
˵ţʯͷԱߣǵķȥ
źǶڣԼתת
֮ǰҲֹһΣǱȽϤġǵڴʯͷżʮ׵ĵطƬʯ̲һƬľԡ
Ǳ˵ȽƫƧҲǴҲġСȥһյأ׼ʳжˡ
ڵϵ˺Ȼһʳô룬˵ʵ˲ˡ
ʱ뵽ϣôôɡ
ӣ£ʲôҪ
ôţСĳƬľȥ
ߵĹľ֣ͳߡ˵ӣ˵ǳñȽϸߵһӲݡ
Ȼкܶͣеʪûʲô£ע㻹߹ȥġ
ݣСߡ
ԽԽʧ
û֮ǰû뵽ӵĵô͡ΪôЩ꣬ϻûŲӵˮ
棬»졣
ֵطôܷʳ
һ¾ͱˮȾˡ
Ⱦ˵ôЩʳԭϾеġ
СʧĶ׼뿪ʱĿⱻֱ߲Զʯ
ľҲǰɽűߵģôĴ磬ҲҵĶᡣͬʱɽһЩȹ̵ʯҲ
ֱߣСһ鱻ʯҳĿյء
յص󣬸ܷôʳ֮ǰû⡣
һתͷΪЩľʯͷѹˣ¶һ֮ǰӲסĶڡ
֮ǰطûпġ
סľһһŲ˹ȥ
ժͷϵñӣҲ˲ϱˮʪˣϸơ
һƶʱϲ⣡
Ǹطʯڴԭһʯ֮ǰһʯͷʯͷֳ˹ľͰѶڵסˡ
ڣľҶˣǶھ¶һ롣
Сʹʯͷ
Ҳãô꣬ʯѾݵޱȣԭƵöʯͷȻôƵƫһԡ
̽ͷ
ĿǼĿȥҲûпʯڡ
ſڵϣ̧ͷܵɽĶƣͬģûпϵʯڡ
ζţߣܷŲٶ
С
ٿף᲻Ҳһȫǻˮ
ʯͷţô任Ƕ߶˼Ҳͷˡ
ҲˣǵһеˮҲ¡Ϊʳŵ̫á˰ʱעһ㣬࣬ݵĶϲˡ
֮СûҶСĵֻص˴ʯͷ
ʯͷϵӻûԶС˷ܵ
ʯͷһ˲
׵Է˺ܶࡣ
ҸղŪ˵㱫ȥҪϵʱñ㰾Сȣܰ೤˵ˣֻҪŵ㽪Ǹζѹסġ˵ܳôʱ꣬Ե㽪кô
СЦſ˿վԼǰһ˵Ŵ˻СŴ°ͣ
ɶС̾Ķס˽Ųһ
С˵
أ磬ȥڴ׵ıϴһ£Сָô˻һ
鲻ԸĳС˹ȥ
Сż⣬ڴ׵Դʹһѣʪܵͷ߰㡣
֮̾˿˵ĺӣզһôأô֪ˡףҪԺҲˣŴɣզҲûɶİ
ױߣǵͨ죬ȥʱ͵һʱڿˡ
ҧСߣ˰죬Ȼ˵ôһ仰ʱһһԱߡ
Ҿ֪Ҿ֪Ƶֱĥ
Сվһ͵Ц
Ǻ磬ԺҲҪˣ
ûп׸˿ĵĲˬô˵̸˷ܹܵȥס˴ף
һߵĴ󱦣Ҳ˵ôͣһ׸Цľ
ô˵һŭɶȴʼıˡ
СһۣŶҵóôĶ𣿣
һ仰˵СҲﲻסЦ
þûôЦˣȻСһһ䣬Ǿ̹
СӰӷ賤
֮ǰСǵԼߡ
Ŷûע⣬СѾԱ˰ͷֹ
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ҪǣһѾȫԼˣ˵³ȵĺܡ
֮ǰʾһǣȻҲʹһ죬װӣܹоõǸ˵ġ
ڣһԼҪһͬʵľٶʱܵñӻ졣
ƽʱСǲġ
кҪǴҶġ
ʱ׵ľٶʵ̫ůˣʱ˵ǺǻĸоַӶúõıӡ
ԣղ˵ǷʱʵǱﲻסˣ뽫Сӽйһ£˳ռռˡ
Ȼ˵öﻰɱСһҲ֮С
ǸģСֻôʱõ˼㣬ֵ궼㲻ʲôˡ

ص֮󣬴׹ȻܿһڵС͵Сǰ
õԵʣθҲź˱ȻȫȥһҲûµĸо
Լģò̫
ôٶాһԼԣ룬ǰ⻰ָ˻ȥ
һϺ͹ȥǵҪֳʾ˵ТģǱˡСԴ׷Ը
׵˵ͷ
͹ȥûжãϾðϵǼҡ
һûСӣžͺѼӶȥֻʣʱүóǳһ䣺֣
СȻָ֪ʲô϶֪Լʳȥ¶ҲѧˣҲͣǽС״ӡ
ϿĴӺ͸˿ֲͬ
֮ǰΪ¼˻ɣóСֻаڣΪ»ϲԸԣĿһ
һóôһӵСףŵֱӾʹ
Сû뵽ôˣȻݡ
ĶŪãϵһʱܵſڣϡ
֪沢ûʲôˣҲǽѹ˼ͣȵʵ
ǰġС֮ǰ˵Ļָ˵һ顣
˵Ĵˣ뵽©ҲȫˣԼҪΪˡ
ܵ
ô˵ϵĵʧһЩ͵˵
˵˻ҡҡͷЩԼԡ˵ڵȱǲˣһʱģҲŪôСס
ⶫˣԣ˫ӣáôҲȱӪ
֪Ҫô˵С˴ǡ
ó֮ǰ׼õĺθϿһءⶫҲǼģţøİɣӿˡǡ
С˵ţ
ø֮ԻᵽϣΪʲôû˭ܱ׵ġһӣǵ⼸ٺˣ˵ĿĶΪ˱ǣ֧ǵĹ
רЩ˵̣רĹǡ
øֻҪǲ£⵺ϾҲˡҪרˣеһΪȱˣЩ˴ڵʲôأ
ԣܱô˵ףֲܷΡȱ¶϶а취ңҲһΡû׵ˡ
˵Ҫ֤ǵĻʳǾӦɲǻʱ
רûû֣ȫȫһ˵ĸ
û뵽Լԭ׼ѵֶŮģѵˡ
û뵽˶˻̻̲ʱ򣬾Ȼܹ侲
ӻô
ȻһѪ˵
ʵԼףָϸĶ
Ĭһ£̾˿˵ƫˣš
ûаѻ˵ֱ꣬ת˻⣬̾Сܺáøû뵽Ǹôӱģ㸸׵һģһڵ£ӣӦҲܷˡ
ԭĸףСһܡ
Ȼϵʱλ׾Ѿȥˣ֮ǰе˼׼ȫΪŮıġ
ΪЩȴԼ
СУԭһŮӡʱ˲ã㸸Ϊô׼ȴûס
ڣԼ̳µж壬Ʋˡ
ôܹľԭúõĻţһӹԲԲ
ͬʱҪТˡ
Ȼܹҵ˾ֻлһ͵ԭúõչһ˿һź
СͷΪԼ˵ĻֶŮ˸ףæٴת˻⡣
Сҽ㻹һ£Ҫ㡣
˵ţԼĿڴͳһ޲Сδݵ
ǸһǷ˺öˣɫѾҲĥͺ˺ü
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򿪿Ͻĸǰơ
С𽫴Ӵ򿪣Ȼ濴һ̵Ĺ
񲻴ȴˮ䣬һ̵ĺˮ
ϱҲûмö
ҲֻڼϼɲѰ˼ܹõĳġ
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ǰұǲҸġڵϣֻҪԼպãڣ϶ʲô⡣
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£֮Ҳ˳ʱ
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ɼʹڴڿͽµǸʱСǲûпסЦ
û뵽ԼͽܾȻܹôڹؼʱôһæ
ǸϤдŵ֣ѾźˣʱԹȥá
۾е


83 
Сȥ˴ֿ⡣
Ȼ, һžͿ˺öӵһֱ컨ϵĴȫװŸʳ
ΪֲЩʲôϸĵķ, 涼ñʱעƷ֡
첽ǰ, һϲһС, ץһѳϸơ
Ǵװǲ, ȻҪһ, ѡĳס
ȻѡʱҲ˹, ЩȻû׵, ǿûһ׳ֵùζ
ȫóԵġ
Ƕʳתһ飬˵ǸжһЩǲһЩ
Ҳ֪˶ٱǮ, ʳ֮ǰ˵ıҲֹ
ŷĴֿ⣬ӲǱռ˰ࡣԹһ, Сȫٺ˳ӳԣԴ¶ʣ
Զ֮⡣
С׼ȫꡣ
һ֮ǰں߳ס˵˵, ²˶ˣٳһڣһܹȵǱ֧Ԯ
, ʯٷְٷŲ¡
⣬ܻԼ, ܲܰȫ˳ȥ
ֱ, ﲻš
ڿЩʳԺС˯ر, ʲôʱ, ʲôʱߵ, һ֪
ڶ, ûиСһȥʳóԷԼȥ˳һСˡ
ˣݳ޵ĳ˺üǰΪ׼Сġ
Ա˲ɻ
ʱ򣬴󱦾Ѿ̹ף˵ǵɽСֶѾȥɽժˡ
ΪɽܹŵĹѾժ꣬ɽϵӪСȥժΣգȫսʿȥҡ
⻹һ㣬ڵĳʳ̫ˣҵĴǶ᲻СɽҰܣǿס
ԣСڻԹԵڼҴţôˡ
ǰʹ׷ΪʲôڼҳԷòŻεʵʱҲǿӣèһЩǴ֪ġ
ڣȻѾʲô֪ˣȻûڱ˼ҵĵʳó극һˡ
źͷСѾʰˣ͵ء
ǿھһ䣺Ͻȥ׼׼һȥλˮˣ⼸Ҳˡ
˵ţָָϵļܴĸɱ㡣
ݷҪÿ춼ˮģǱҲ׼ͰһšǲΪʲôСȻԴҲô£˱ݷ
ͦǶ
ɿһӵӣ˭Ҳûɵ֪Ҳûʲôá
׺ʹһһͰȥˮˡڳԵ٣͵ʡŵãСû˭űⵣȥˮСϪȱ˶һҲˡ
СӳţСŹŮ֣椣С衣
գգ۾ԼǱһѣе㲻ΪɶҪԼӣ
ϵʱ򣬴׸ѽ
ŮĲ⣬СĶǰ˻Σ˶Զͷϲϲ
İ취
żһȥľһȦȻԶ椵ͷΪɣȥңȻǸʯ
Ϊˣ׼˸ɱ㣬ܹڴʯͷ϶һз˰죬ҵһԼСŮʱùľ
ʱСƷͣõȻǲֵǮĶó椴Ҳ̫ۡ
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ͷæܹȥϲ̵ĵԲ۾
ȾǱߵŰ̸úÿһٱ
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СǶĽˡ
Ȼ˵ҲеҪ
û뵽ȻôƯĻϲķۺɫģ
˹ȥһѱסС֪㿪Ķӡ
СѾͷϲ˲䣬죬۾Ļϲ
С¸黨裬仨˷ҵλá
˦˦ͷǻһ㣬Ķػζ
С󿴵һĻ
Ȼе㲻޳ͷȥܡ
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һٴȥ˺ɽĺ̲
ΪľһμҲû̫ţûаСΧм䵱һˡ
˴ʯͷǰȥ
󱦺ͶҪʱСסСŮ
椣ȥǱ߹ľתתɶ
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ȻȥǾȥɡ
뵽̲סСĶһۣá
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Сĵ㣬ҷ㡣
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˵ͷңԶˡ
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ӦþǷ绯Ķ沢ûˮرõǣ׵λҲʯͷĵء
Ϊ꣬ڵĵطʯͷȷʵʪˣĵθߣȥܹĵҲǸġ
һ㵣Ҳûˡ
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СһϾ̫Сˡ
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ҲŵֽŶڲͣĴŶ£ʹ
Ҳ£
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׺ڵݺݵԼ⣡ԼΪʲôûĻڼ
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󱦻ŵֽŶ֪ôˣ椸ȫָϡ
׳ԼԴݺݵһȭʹʹԼӱѡ
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׺ʹһ𣬶жþȫС˼ҡ
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ˣæͣ𼱣ɩû¡Ϊһ¶ûҲˣզáɩⲻεǣ˯ˣ
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״ӦһʹӺ漷֡
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ȻһĿͶСӡ
춼ʲôˣզͰԼ۳Ȼһץס׷ʡ
ԼҲµġ
֪ʲô˰
ʲôҲûɰ
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һֱϸĵһ˵۵û˯˹ȥ֮Ϳʼˡ
׸˵˵ȥ˵ϣֻÿɥһ䡣
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֮ǰܵҲûεŽʳ˾ͳԲˣ
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ҵʳˣʲôʳ
ʳʣڴʱɽÿ˵еġ
ǴСѾͷ˵Ҳŵͻһ¡
е㲻׹Ů⻰ʲô˼
͡ɶɶʳһһʳر࣬Ѷˣ
ܰѻ˵ˣڿбһ޴ԲȦԴ֤ʳкЩЩ
һɵı飬ֱţ˵Ȼģֽղŷ¶˵һ顣
ԭղʹں˺þãҲûҵʧͷ椲ģŴһȥľҡ
ϾطĵضҲûȥ
ûһھ֮ǰεûжԶĵطҵˡ
Ƕ仨һʯͷԱߣǴʯͷ
Ǹʯͷĺһ֮ǰΪѶڸסˡ꣬׸˵ʯˣԳ˶ĳڡ
ǶкЩʳ׸³£Ǳţһ㡣
Ůô˵žüֱ飡
ǿǽӣҲûš
ĶȥԶ˵
˵ҲͷĴ󱦣ڼ￴
ܹ֮ȥҿ̨ţ˸ջؼңûüӪ塣
һŶȥɽķ

ϣɽעǸ֮ҹ
˱ѲߵִԱе׳еʯǰʳ
ڴĴʯͷͱ˰ᵽһߣŵսʿ˴ʱ䣬ӺͷСĵĸһش
ԱʹԭֻܰŲܽȥɽֱܹ߽ȥһܰʳͳˡ
Ȼ£ҴӶһֱ쵽ߵС·ų˲еţε⴫װʳ
Ϊȫû׼±йģ޴ľϲְ˸ˣû¡
ܵ͸ʪȫû⡣
ҵ϶λðЦݣɵɵģ˻ʱʱԼһ£Ȼ˻һɵǺǵЦ£Դ֤ǲǻ
˭Ҳ˵ôʳ˭ġ
˵ǹʱʲôҰ˴أȻսһ߱ңûˣʳҲûüߡ
Ҳ˶Դ֮Աǡ
˵Ƕֻôһ˵ӶȥʲôܰôʳŽȥڵ룿
ǲܵģ
ܰôʳɽ˶겻˷֣ΨһĿԣֻ
һһģ˵硣˭Ҳ˵˭
˭˭ʲôҪأʵû˻ϡ
ɳԣҲˣ
е棬ƽ
ôˣôĵطˤ˺üӡ
ϣϣͷȫӣһ£һ㶼Լ˿̵Ǳ
ǳԴʲôҩһ˴һֿ״̬һҲв
һڶǰǰܣֽŲͣҲͣ
ԶԶţҲֻǾȽϼ߽˾ͻ֣ᷢǻ㱵ģ·ڴƮ
ӣһֱڣԸѹһ㡣
źѾĿ侲Ҳ֮ǰĿϲÿʼеš
Ѵ׺Ͷץȥġʡ޲ôǳһֱʯÿ£˵ÿ仰ʮҲֹ
ڼҿСĴҲ滻ȥѯһ
ԼϡͿģ˵ϸ£Ҳʲô
һֱ˵пһСʱŲڽӷߡ
Ȼһۣ˶ӶԷпĵġ
У¶ôø㱨һ£ھȥ绰е㷳ץץͷվҪߡ
ס
滹꣬ڸҲ˽Ҳ˽ⲻˡ
ϰɣôˣٺúõĿʳֵܷܲʲôߡ
ڻ㱨ųżʲôã˵ˡ
˿⣬ԶԶĺ̲˿ȻУд°רùȥӦƣǽ̲յ͸͸
ָָ棺㿴ǵжʳ۴Ӫ˶ȥˣû꣬ʲôı
ʲôô˵Ƥӵ£˲֪İʳ˵ϣŵɽ
ǶֲûҪǼҴãһ˴Ƕֲˣ
ǶˣܰôʳŽȥ
˵ȻЦһ£ҪôʳȦףıҵȺúõллǾˮ֮У
Ļһ£ԼҲ̲סЦ
ɲҪķʽۣжӻӭ谡ǵˣ

һּҳ
ɽϵ˶ڻʳĿϲв԰εʱȻڳ˯еѲСȴһޱȵĵ顣
ԼС̥ģ׹ơ
֮ǰʵǰеľһȫˣӦ˸
ͺʵ˽Ӵ׻ӹһ̣Ѿˣȴ۵һ¶ˡ
ƤӳģôʹҲ
ʱʲô֪˵Լû£ۼ˯ʱĶٰһ
ĵĸоɢȥЩ
ߣ˵ҵʳһƬдСϲĽһ
ȷԼ¶ˣʳҲҵ֮СĿǷŻ˶
и֮˯һ
ʱ̷ϵĲס
֣ԼȺģеʪˡ
ָоʱֱӣ˶ޱߵĿ־֮С


84 
С۾
Ѿȫ, ֻһˡ
ĳȴһ˵
ϸһ£ӦƽѾһʱ佫ָʳ˻
˿ӦµϢ, ûһ˸, ȫڳš
ĴӴ, ӻ
һۣȷʵһС, ȻѪ࣬Ǻ컹Ǵ۾
Сڴ߷һ, ԽԽ¶ȥС
뽫¶˵
С֪Լ˵, ˿϶һʱͰץ
ǰץʲôأ
СԼǸСë, ǸеġЩ¸һͨ
ңҲҽ
ڱ̥һʲô͡
佫ϣ, Сͽϡ
ȻͽҲǸС, Ͼڹ
СͨȥҽŮǸһ̥ҩ
ҽŮ, ȻһҲǹŮ, ƽ̫ҽԺ, ָǵ, ˵ʶ㡣
Ů˵Ĳ, һҪöࡣ
뵽, СŴ, Ŭվ, ĳӺĲȥ
ȥһ, һ, ϾȥԼҩ
±ԽԽãٵƬ̡
ǣҾôȥΪôʱСѾ˽˽ŷĹɡ
ȥô϶ص
Ҫһʱ˭ǿɾôҲ˵ˡ
ĵ߽ľŴ淴ϣȻһʱȥķ䡣
Ѿ¹ʱŷһˡ
ڰߣ˰֮󣬻Ǿͽʵʵ˵
С֪ȻԼʼûгϣȻѾϳٴνʦԴ
ѾͷˣΪʲôӣɶȻʵʵġ
Ҫǣ¶˵ķ˼ѾͷԽܶȻͦõģûʧǡСôԼҲǿһµġ
̵ֽԼ֮ľд˳Ȼ˴ıīϸԼ˿̵״
СҪȥһ̥ҩ󵽺취ҩڹԼʱȡ
Ҳղ뵽⡣
ȻҩˣҲûطȥҪǣСûа취˽ҩԴ
дãһٴδ򿪹ţ·ʱµˮ͵ģµһ
ʦʳûȫߣΪʲô𣿻Ҫһʱ䣿
ʶԼʳ֮󣬸ûü˵һιȥˡѾͷӦһֱעŴֿĶ
ֿȻôһѵĶҲ±˷֡
Ӧʳֻһ֣Ըеˡ
ǡ
ǶʳС;Сһۡ
֮һûͱˡҪȫߣͶıû
ϼһ䣬˵Ҫʳ㹻ˣʣµЩд
ð¶ȫ꣬С̸һ˺üְʣµջԼСݣٴ߳˿ռ䡣
򿪲ţ˳û߻ңͿĴͷһӡ
ڣȻת׼Ѱڿվűߵʱһ
СȥˣŲܹסСĸ첲
Ҿȥһ²ɩӣû¶
ŴǸżģСģæ˵
ûпСϴɺ֮ȴȻԱߵĵ϶˹һָĿʣС˵ʵǲĶˣ
Ǹ裬С˲侽ȵ޲Ҹضȥߵ˵ˡ
ղŻĿӡ
Ϊʱʵ̫ˣԭڴҪȻһϴ
ôҲû뵽ͳȥô򣬾Ȼᱻó
ɩӣ㶯ѽ
С־ᶼҪĵˡ
ҪȥǸӡ
Ͻ°ɣæ
ȻһΪ˵ɶôʱɩӣҸϴɶеģ
££С׼ˡ
Ȼ಻ںں
ǹϵٺãҲûаϴĵ
ɩӣһȥҪǸóȥҾͣҾ͡ҾͿ޸㿴
꣡һӾЦ
ԭý񾭱ôһŪҲһ㡣
СļˣҲٶŪֻĽͣҲǹҪȥĶղŹ뿴ûⲻһͿ
ŵС֪أҲûɶ£˳ָˡ
ǡ
˵ɫٴαýָָڵϵ裬ѹʵɩ˵ǲǲþˣ桭Ѫɣ
Сͷ
ȻûҪ˵ɴɩ˭
ӵˡ
ȻˣҪǿ϶סġ
Ҹϡ
ȻСû˵ɴԽıˡ
ȻһֱĻңֻϣԼˣɿСӣﻹпܻ
һӾʹӵվֶСָָܻ˵ɵŮôô¶㿴˻Ͻ˵
㣬㻹Լȥ㣬Ҫˣ
˵꣬ҲСתܡ
ڴϣС£ףҽл
ɶǵڸɣһ쵽Ĳżңϱˣ
˵˵˵ģҪٲҲҪˣ
椣ȥ׼ٶһ£Էˮϲ㶼źţҪǸµأһȣ
󱦰ȥȥǱ߶ذἸשĿҪģ飬ھȥϽģ

СڴϣüģΪɩӵʹ̼øּɹ
ڣڳʱ䲢ԺŵļοŲ˵ԽԽԶ
ֻжСĶ˰ˮ˽һĵĿʣôˣõû
Сղڹ˵ģһҲʾŮˮԱߣЦЦû£ءԷûУ
һ쾭¶ʵ̫ˣСѾͷڵһֱڶûȫ
Ȼ·ˣҲϴˣ۾ǲľֻûȫɢ
ӶˮĳȻǳŻ˶椣СװһʲôҲûзӣȻһ㶼š
椵˵ͷˡ
˵꣬ȴǸС룬÷ĵҨһˮιСߣȺȿˮɣˮ̣ºġɤȥ˷ҪȻԲ¶
Сոճ̸⣬ʵˮСŮѾӵݵߣҲ˳ƺȥ
ź˼֮ҡҡͷʣµĶ椺Ȱɣﲻˡ
Ƕ椵ứһ¾
Ȱɣٺڡ˵óԵӪĶۼûˣȵˮɡ
˵ţСѾͷứȥ񼦵ȻѺɰԣѵĿɺˣȴ׸绹áҪúõѽ
СŮ޵һһļϰ˰
еε˵ûµģ˵ˣȥϴϴٸС˹ҳԿɡ
ԸԷ̸ĨϵᣬӦžܡ
ܵſڻתͷɱ𶯣ǧ´ιԡ
ֻǣûȶ椽С˹źѾȺ˻
ֻһñģϵŵëûȥǺһࡣ
һ֮ǰֿǱ߰ʳȻ˴׵ĻɶҲˣôܻġ
ҲòĶȥһСۿϵøɸɾˮ϶һӡ
Ƶı˱۾˵ˡ
ӣŸŻˡ
Ϊϱܵ˵ŵһӾͶ׹ĸǰֻסڴߵ֣ʣϱĶܸ˵ǲǶۣ
ôһƽʱɵ۶ܰѱŵ˵ˣ˵ﶼ˲
ʵСѾûʱôˡ
ΪֶҽŮǵرΣʱǳ˶һ ﰲ˺ܶࡣ
ôʱϢ֮ǰþ˵Ҳһָ
Сȷʵе׹׹ģѾûʱˡ
С˵ͷԭ밲οģû뵽ȴɩһƵһ߶
Сٺź
ô˵ŸϽóλãվԱҲһŵĿ
Ƚֳء
Ǹƴ
֮ǰѧУѧϰʱ򣬶һҲûйע
ĶҲ֪һʱҲ֪һԼҪѼϼȥһλиư
ѧϰʱûġ
֮ǰһΣʵѾĸСˡֻܿɩ۵úܣˡ
ûпļ
ԣɩҵ˵ɩӼ˵ʱ˶ˡ
˿վԼҲŲʲôˣҲûʲôļ豸ɩע㣬__ͪﶼûС
ʱֻܹסɩӵġ
˶񣬰ĶС˵ɩӣż֮ǰѾ㿴ˣûʲô¡ԼԼ
ĿǰӸû¡ˣۺˣʱǻеⷴӦֻҪע㣬ЪЪͺˡ
⼸쾡߶ˣͺúԴϢԷʱҲע㣬ٳԶͣԵġ
˵̧ͷţӪЩͱɩӳˣҿҵʳвٴסͷȥƽ˵˵͵׹ÿɩӰ߲ȡ
Ҳ˵ÿٺȶˣ˾ͳԣ˾ͣһԸٵҲûɶ
ô˵ŵ˵ͷ
ֻû׼ȥϱǸףŵƽѼ֮ǰ͹ȥʳҪ
Щרܹȥˣȫϱһϸд׻ϸ棬һʡġ
֮ǰûа취ˣϱҪҲסڵϲȱԵˣЩʳǵûСԼԡ
ϱôһʡ¿ܳôһӣ̲סһۡ
Ӫɩûµģ˸ϡھȥ󡣡
һ仰ŵ˼·̧ͷȴСӱϱüŪۡ
һʲôҪ˵ӡ
￩һ¡
ţȥŵ˵ͷһϱ֣תȳҡ
ɩӣȰæСɩƵǸȥ˹ֿðשϡ
ɫ¶Ҳˣ˿ô˵Ȼ֪лõС˵
Ҳġ
ͷȥɣд״󱦹УҲˡ
˵꣬͹ȥСҲ˳ȥ
ŲûнһԺŴݿĽş̌ͷ
硣
ҲûֱӸ˵ɩⲡҿˡ
ıѾûʱɣֱԲĶ˵磬ɩڵ״˵ãŮк֣̥ܶ⣬ҲŴãпǴ⡣ⶼܿҺŸųġȥҽԺȫļ顣
˵ҧҧ´Ž磬úú롣ҵ˼Ҫų˵һͣ˰ɩ͵ҽԺȥרҵҽ豸
զܺùڵϹ׽ǿ˵ǲ
˵ⷬʱʵһµġ
˵ʵǰ˲ţԼ˽磬⻰˵
ʱľߵ绰˶ãʲô¶˵ġ
ڹҪԴ˵ÿ仰˼绰¼
ĵ绰˵˽£쵼׷˵һ˽أ򲻹ߡ
һĸ쵼Ϊ˷Ƣ¿һʲ׼˼أ˽ϹñӣҲǷַӵ¶
Ҫеյġ
Ѿʱܹ뵽ģСԺ˵ʵĽ˵Ҳм
ôҲû뵽ǣԼĻһ˵꣬˿ûгɵľ͵ͷ
㲻˵Ҳ׼Ҫųᡣ´βһϰɩӸŴߡҽԺסһʱ䣬úõļ顣
˵ʵɩûԵʲôҪҪУɩӿɾԲܳһ¶
ŵĻ˵ˡ
ĿĵôţӪղžȻ˵һ䡪ҪҪУ
һӰ
ȫ˶֪ӪΪ˰սӣԼôˣһֱû⡣
Ҷ˵ǵ㹤̫ޡ
Сɩӻˣȫ˶Ӫˣڿˣ֪˭ҵҲûԼס
ڡ
ҪԼ˵ӪΪɩĺӶԷмţ
ȴӪ˼־塣
Ͻظ֤磬£ɩһʱ¡֮ǰǵĺӻΣաΪûа취顣ôġұ֤ɩӿ϶κ⣬ȥҽԺ֮ǰڵʱаա
վûظŸղ˵Ǿ䲻ܺӵĻ
ôŵüĳڵһЩ

С˺һ˰Ѻһ𿪣ԼĴβµש
ȻֱŽԼͷϽǿƸıͷͽŸߵλ
һ
˿޲ðЩȫȥԼ徲徲
ҲȥĻظ


85 
峿, ŷԤУʦһҲῴµ
¹Ժ, ȥһ²ֿ, Щʳȷʵһ֣ǻʣºܶࡣ
֪Ϊʲôԭ, Ҳ֪ʦǸʲô˼
ĸϹ밴ʦĽȥ
ɼʹ֮ǰе׼ҲµȷʵԼʦ, ڿСµǷŵʱˡ
𾪵ȫ֪ҪԼʱ飡
޷ŵĽֽȥĿ˺ö飬޲ÿֶҪʶˡ
Ϊк󻼣ڿµǵһʱͽյġ
ֽҪֽˣ᲻աʦôʱ, һƽ˵
ޱȡ
ʦԼˣ
Լͽˣ
ʦ, Ȼǻһ硣
ʦҪкˣ
ʦĺ鷳

һһϢ, ҵվҪվˣ˵, һʱȫ޷ϸ˼
ʱȻ
˭Ѹٵ£, ʵ
ͬʱһʱ佫Ƿ
ù, 洫ƹ, ˵һ, Ҫ洫СŮ˵
ãϳȥļи
ƹǰʺչʳͷ
һʱ䣬˺ĲҲǸŵˡ
Ѿͷˣһ˵Ϣ
ʦʣµʳô죬øͷһ𸴡
ǵȥһ棬ʦѾȷ˵ʣµʳˣȥ˰Ѷͳȥ
Ȼܷڹ鷳ġ
ٲԸٶȽ٣Ȼ߳С䡣

ͷνʣʳ˳ȥ֮ûлŷֱȥ̫ҽԺ
ڹеĹŮ˻ǿȥ̫ҽԺҽġ
Ȼ϶̫ҽԽǣҽŮźӣõҩҲûġ
ҲҽŮƽһǴҶղ¶
ֻҪʲô˵ģ߲˵Ĵ󲡣û˻Ԥ
·ϵʱѾҪȥҽŮʵˡ
ҽŮ˵̫ҽԺҽŮˣӦѾʮ
˵ļѾûˣԼγĻᶼˣ빬ϡ
ΪͷҽҽŮ̫ҽԺõĳֵģĿڱȴҲġ
ڱΪҽʲô⣬̫κ˶ͨڣȫûһɽ
̫ҽԺҽŮ˵ҲǹŮ
ͬΪһˣеܶ˼һЩأ
ҽŮȴһס
ΪˣʵԵʣҽŮǮرء
㲡ҪˣǰͷֻҪǮλҲ࿴һۡ
ȫûаͨڡ
Ʒʱ䳤ˣȻôҶΪ
⣬һ㶼⡣
ǮµľǮƽ¶ˡ
˵ͲöԷǮأǮµʱ͵ø
ֻҪǮλʲô˵ʲô˵ҪóʲôƷʵҩ
ΪһڹôˣţԼ˵ҽŮﶼ׵ĺܡ
̫ҽԺҽŮȫûˮֱ˵
£ȻĿʶС
岻һȫ˼ѾԼСϡ
Ѿ˵ˣɩ̥λȣҸﰡ
˵ĿգһĺɰݵҽŮ
ҽŮ˵ҲЦһ¡
Ȼ󲻶ɫĵ˵ϵĺɰɵü
ǸɰأûŪĻҲʮӡ
µˡ
ΪǸĸ磬ѾͷȻܹݶϣҲǸģ
뵽ҽŮɸζĿһۡ
ڹʱ䳤ˣȻ¶Ͷ֪һ㡣
֪ѾͷԭǾˣҲȫˡ
ֻǶЩġ
رǶԸɩ̰Ʋѣûٸ鷳
ҽŮǵã֮ǰʦùûڵʱһֱǮ˵ǡ
ʦˣ߻·
뵽ҽŮס۵׵һĨм
վǱ˵ļ£Լûʲôϵ
ֻҪԸǮһ̥ҩʲô
ô˵˵Ķ
ΪʵǹҽŮҲûʲôҪ£дһݷӣݵǰ
һΣһΣˮΪһ룬ţƵ
ҽŮҲû뵽ǣڽŽӷӵĿգٴһӣһֱġ
ӻɵѾͷϵ¶ȣůůģġ
ҽŮʱǸʲô
˵žҪӸ˻ȥ
ƣҲ֪ʲôʲôáһʮӣ˵ѾǺܺõļ۸ˡ
ٶ࣬¶è塣
Ĳãæͣ룬Ұҩ
˵Цһ£ǸʲôҲֻ֪Ǹӣ
Ļû˵꣬ҽŮ̾ˡ
͵ĵ˵ͷѵõһ䣺е۶
˵վ׼ҩȥ
鷳Ҷ伸Ӳ˵ʡͷҡ
Ļ˵úСҽŮˡ
üֽ߬߬Ҳ䣬ֻ⣬ҩֶ
֪֪
Ц˵һὫЩҸ˵ɩӳҲܣҾ͸һ룬Ҳûɸ鷳
ô˵ҽŮû˵ʲô˵ͷ뿪ˡ
ܳĳһ
ȻҩˣҪ伸ġ
ôЩȻȫСԡ
ˣôҪʦȵȺҩ
ʦֽҪģɲܳκβ
һҩˣҩɢˣʦȥûЧǿô죿
Ȼ֪ʦʲôʱˣԺҩ֮ÿʱȥӸǰһۡ
ʦûȣͰҩµġ
ĻͱҪ׼òſԡ

Ȼʱ˯ʱͦɱһͨڣǻǵ洲ŵģ֮Сܿٴ˯ˡ
ֻһ˯ò
ű߸ߵĵͷͷֱߣ˻ڰ뵹ҵ״̬
ûѪҺڵƵģθҲȫλһķġ
ѵʱ򣬻˻̣˯˾ʲôҲ֪ˡ
֪Լܣܷ꣬˯úܲȡ
Ϊ񲻼ãҲѲ
ÿ굽ҪʱܻһϤı۰Ȧȥһ˫ֻıϰġ
Լε˵ĻСòƽƽȵ˯
ʱǸϤٴβӰԱߵĴҲѾĸɸɾӶɶˡ
һ뿪ܾˡ
۾С׼ȥ
ʱӦѾǸˣܲܰ°ɣҲԼһ仰
Ȼ֪ڻ磬Ҳոտӣȥҩ
¶ʵ̫ҪˣûٵȣｹǵС
ֻ뾡ȥһۣ¿ͽµֻƬҲС
СҲû뵽ǣոûü´һֱſڵĶڷ֮һ˽
𶯣
޷Сһɤŵһ£ûֱһͷȥ
ҲԼ̫
æһֻסԼ죬ɻһ㲻ܹͣס˻ҪС
ٵ˵ţţҪʲôҸá𶯣ȥ㵹ˮϴˢҲù
ǿаشϵСΡ
СŮʵȫһŵı飬˵ʱԼҪҲ޼µġ
ֻһƵĿ椣Ҫϲ
ŶŶϲԵһ£ھȥ̵֮ۡǰˣϲҲҪڴϡģҸ㵹
С
в
Сһ޿κΣֻǸǱɵˡ
Լȥһ¾ͺá˵ٴҪ
У椴һ˫ַļϣһֽ׼˻ȥ
ССŮۡ
ΪޣΪ⣬Ůûޡ
ó󺰣󱦣ҽŪߣ
һƬĵģСװ˲վһ߶
СҪȥŷ
Ҫǣ˵öˣҲϲ
ƽɶµĶҲ˱𾢶ôֱͦͦվĴߣ۽
ֻҪҪ˫һƣƵ
Сͷˣȴ쵰һ취ûС
أȥŸҽл
ʵĺе
ʲô°ɶ¸ɩ˵һ˻ɶã
֪ĺУǱܺӺȱСŭ֮ǰŵĴ˽
죬ɩӣϽСӳȥ̫ˣ
Сͻͻ̫ѨָһֱΪĶ˵
Ҳû뵽ῴһĻһ֮Ҳ⽩ŵĸŮˡ
߹ȥ椵Դʵɶˣ
椵ȦһӾͺˡ
ҲͲ⡣Ҷ˵ˣҿԸ裬ǷҪȥҪˤһӿզ찡Сܵܲˤ
˶椵Ļ̾ˡ
һ۱ڴϣͨСͼȰ⣬ͱСһ仰˻
ɩȰҶڴϲģҪǰɱ˰ɡ
˵꣬ڳһƾõļơ
Ҳһͷۡ
룬ȥ̵ܵ۸˹ڴߵλá
ȻС˵ڴϣöȥ㵹ô꣬㵹̵ҲġҪҲԸĻͱŰɣǲˡ
˵꣬˿ԱһᣬҪٳĶ椣ε̾˿
ͷȻһſڡ
ƤôŰɣһҪǻԸ⣬ң
˵椲Ų鲻Ըĺһš
СߣµˣҲû˰취
ڷ˸⣬ֱŮźϴϣڶҪ˷ʱСҡҡͷ
һһղŶ̫еˡôСŸ㣬ٷŰˣҶ˹
˵ˣֽȻٴߡ
ȻθҪԱ࣬æӦ˳ȥ
׸ı㻹أʵĺܡԵĻҲü
װѲ˾ŪˣСһʱµȥŴ淴ϡ
Ҳ˲ôСѾͷ᲻ٻӡϽÿս˿ռ䡣
Ϊû˯ãʱʵѾеˡ
ָŮôһŷʱ緹ʱ䶼Ѿ
мСŮ׼緹ҪϣĹŮǶҵطϢȥˡ
ⶼûʲôˡ
СҲǿյġ
첽˽ȥ
򿪹ţСһ¡
û뵽ͽܾȻܹô͸ŪҩѾãڴɹ
滹ùͷӹʵʵ
һҩˣҩЧɢӡ
ˣֻͽûаۡ
û뵽ǣҩ޵Ա߻һСʳУдµ
ʦȳԷٳҩƽϲģá
ʳд򿪣һС밾Ũճľֻ࣬ӤȭͷСӣһͷһ̸⡣
֮⣬һСŹǣһ
ȫڵģð
СƲס˿ڿˮʵ̫̫ûгԵˣ˵
һ߶ͽǰˣһ׼ôĳԵģСһ߻һСĳԶˡ
ȫˣŹҲԵûʣ
ȫ˶ǣ̸ҲҧһСڡ
⣬뵽һȱ࣬ǿûʣµȫԵ
ɳԽȥЩҲѵõĸܵ˳Գŵĸо
ӣСԱߵ޻ףóҩ
ȻҲ֪ӦͣһٺҩѾûʲôʱˡ
̫ãǱ߿϶ó¡
û취ֻһҩȫȥ
ҩֿ࣬ʹԱĵķǣɻûܰǿɬĸоѹȥ
Сüǳ£ְʣµķȫûԼСݡ
ˣԺˡ
ҪȰѶûԼķ䣬Ȼҿĳԡ
ҩǷˣﶼҲζ
׼֮ǰ˰죬ûסֹջȥһ
ϵݷǳ򵥣ֻж̶̵һ֣ţԣ
д֮СѵõĳһĨеûŵı顣
Լû뵽һᳯԼͽҪԵġ
ôأ
ʵǽѾͷһٷĲȫˡ
̫̫ˣִ⣡
ΪеԭԼڱýˣûǰˡ
ǰԣҲԲΪһͽҪ
ڣֻ룬һ÷ĴţɢˬζͿƲסĿˮ
ڣԼͽܣͽҪԵģҲɣ
Сϴ˴꣬ǷȻ»ҡ
ĶᣬСģ¶˾ļӡ
ڴʱǱߴ˴ĳ˵һ֪ӦǴڰԼҪ
Сڸ֡
СķһϽߵſڽķŴ򿪣»صɺá
µʱˣһСŷֲ
ʶ˵ٳԶͣÿԸҲûǸʲô˼ˣ
˵ţθĶߣղųԵЩˣкȵһҩȫӿɤ
·һȫһ
ʱп಻ﴫĳ˵ʱһּ尾


86 
ӦҽŮҩȷʵЧ, ҲǸҲһãڶ죬Сֹͣˡ
ɾ, Ǳڴô졣
ÿһȺΧ꺮ů, رǼһС
ΪȥɽժӣҲûȥ, ˸רͷҲûʲô¡
ԴһȫС´ͷȴ¡
СΪ˻רŷ˹, ˯, ߼ûȱˡ
Сͷ۲ѣȴް취
, ÿҪ뼸СһǶǶ£ûעʱܵռȥҩ, Ϊ׼ĸֺóԵĶ, ӿ˵Сɵˡ
Ϊڵ״, ˶ʶĲ˵Щõ顣ĶǸֿĵ¶
ЩʳһӰȫ˶˳
⼸ԽԽСٲȻѾҪļ
ļ, ֵĲ˶෢˼ѿЩ¶, ҲѼϲ
ܹó˶ΪһľŬ
ͬʱҲǳֺȻҪʦĿҲˡ
Ҳ֪ôط컻ŻĸСи͡
ڲڶʳȤ֮ÿյ, , , ģţ⣬⣬⣬иȫŻ
Сÿ춼ڸԼܳԶ࣬ܳԶ࡭ɻһСľ׳Թͷ
ҲҿΪ˯ķˡµûţûθڣԲ¡Ľڡ
Ȼȫûа취ͣôԴ뷽跨ĺóԵģȴʳʵԭ
СòڹԼķרŷһײ;ߣʢЩʵڳԲµķˣԺʲôʱҪٳԡ
񣬲Ĺ򣬷Ѿ㹻Ժöĳʳˡ
СҲڲ֪бЩιԲ˺ܶࡣ
ÿô٣ſʼʱǵġ
Ϊ͵͵˴öΣ׷ʲôʺԼϱԵģܲӵĶ
˵ֻҪɩ˵óһ취Ū
ôûƢ
ڿϱɫԽԽãСҲʼ֮Ųڲô߶߶ˡ
⸱ɵɵӣȴһСҪõĴԽԽеᡣ
ԼʱҶûлأȫһ˦ƹɡ
˱˵Ȼӡ
ǰҲûԼ˻ˣԽĥԽڴŶ춼ûԼ˺
һ˼빤̵ԱҲŪͷ۲ѡ
޲Ҹû˵ĵضԼɵֵܸݴһ١

̫ˣ
֪˭һ˶Ȼʶǰµͣˡ
ɢǾδ¶̫Ҳðͷն
ٴƿŴأʱһֱˮľһϼһϢһȡ
ɴһȴȫ⡣
ɹڵסǼһӱ
ҷ׷߳ţ˿յϣҵ⡣кֱܶڲٳӣﳱšˮ·óɹ
ԴˣӪ쵼Ҳûи棬ȡĬ̬ȡ
˵ø
ڶ죬ʱһº󣬲ˡ
һĲֻƽﳣһңһģжӪѲͧ
Ҵͬʱͣڰߵʱ򣬵һ־öҵĻ
ȫ˿¬ƽʱĻϲһСʵеš
ΪѾ˵Ŀ֪¬ƽɲֹԼһҲҵҪԿһǸɽ
ͬʱһʮ˵ĵС飬ҪڵϺȻôһʳô¡
ȻС䣬ҲûʱԼʲô˿
þʱĲСµʲôôˣ꣬ôڸ߶ҲͱƻĲˡ
˵¬ųרʾ쵼ȻӾ˺ۼרң鷽רңԼʷרҡ֮ҪŪˮʯ
СҲ֪Щרҵжٱ£ɿ˵ʱһݵı飬֮еŵġ
ɽôأ
ˡ
һԼǱ߸߼˫ţֻܼϣڡ
רңҲӦò鲻һиͷϰɣ
һˡ
ڵ磬Щ˾ܵļ˽ˡ
⻹Сô꣬һڴϼˣ
ڣҶݾȣҺҲûʲôĽЩʳϵһ
ֻˣ֮ͬ¡
¬ƽһ۾ˡ
ڽοʺͺ֮ϸѯڹľԣԼεȫϸڡ
ЩС֮ǰѾ˻Χ׷̫飬Ѿ˵еϸڶϸҲʲô©ˡ
Ȼһһ֤֮¬ƽλ˲ûٶʲô
ǽǵ˵ŵʱСȥǱûʲôԵĶȻΪУû϶˹ȥ
ڴ׺ͶΪҵɽӶõЩʳȫɡ
ֻ˵ȫ˵ĸкǲûʲôϵ
Щˣѹǿʯ˵أ֮ǰЩҲǲӰСԼ˶ࡣ
ӳڼ侭˺ܶ£˺ܶѣ˰Сȴͷβûйһ˿ĺڡ
ǰֺãž޴յ£Ը񣬿ܲһ¶÷˼
ǱϾǰ
ʱȻĲǱڲ֪Ҫ϶ٱ
ȴġ
˴޵ļϻܸܵһůС㲻Լŵ塣
ڹ£ճΨһͷҲάϣ
˹ֻô
ϹŮӾǰʵҲǻطô䲻ȵĻŰˡ
һȻԲããҲû¡м仹мΣûϡ
ȴջǰûů
˵˺ͺǸģ˵ΧЩˡ
ӻϵӵƽʯڵ󡭡
Щֶвսʿ
ڻЩΧӵĺǡ
Щ˶ܵů⣬Ķһ֣ϧ⣬޷
ԣ֪ЩʳὫԼһΣյľأȴȻܹ޷ˣع
֮¬ƽǸҲûҹڵϴ죬ѯ˺ܶˣΧܶط֮󣬼ĶǸרңȴҲò޹
Ϊʵûҵʲô˹ĺۼ
ôԵС֪ϲЩھȥˡ
ܿģõЩߺͿԼֱģĿ֣öӵˡû뵽ǣЩ׼뿪ǰһ죬ȴһȫû뵽Ϣ
һ̣Сüֱ
˰죬Ϊһȫļ顣
СѾϰ˵ĽţĴҲ̫࣬һֱҲȫûʶԼ֪£ѾҪͳȥľ
˵ȥҽԺסһʱ䣬ȫļ飬ȻѾͬ⣬һ˸ų˾ߵ绰ѾΪϵòҪ뿪ʱ򡪡
С˶ˡ
ҲȥԼԼףʲô¶ûССܾ
ɩӣ㻹Ҫȥһˡıǰδеࡣ
ҽԺûȥ㲻֪ļʩǺȫġ
ָ֪ĺܺãǵʲô⿿Լĸоǲеġרҵҽһ£Ÿ˷ġ
ôҲûȥ˵ҽԺ˼ҲҲճˣΪʲôһҪȥҲȥСѵõķƢ
˶Լδ֪ĶǻһĿ־塣
СûȥҽԺҲȥӪ
ϱûȥⱲӵԭҲûȥġ
֮ǰĸĸҲֻҹĳҽ˿һֱҲûȥҽԺ
ԣԽ˵棬Щҽרҵе޵ģСԽǿ־塣
ʼ£Щνרҵ豸ܹͱ˲һĵط
ʵִ
˵ÿڸҲûܽС˵ˣֻһεĿš
Ż˻֣ʾ뿪Ȼߵſڹţ׹ڴϣһԻϱǰ
û˵ֻסСļ򣬽˻ıĦš
һֱʶĻ￿˿ſ˵
С˵ΪʲôԸȥҽԺΪûǰ˵𣿡
Сҡҡͷ
ղѾ˵úˣŵȻºų˵ˣųû̴
Ϊɽԣϵ˳벻ô⣬Ҫϻ׼ġ
СݺͱֲһרĻʳܹɽרĹ򣬿˵ǺЩϵܵģѾԱ
µĸֲȷأǴҲòġ
Լʹ˵ԣ¬ƽҲϿɣɲϻᣬ쵼ǵͬ⣬Ҳû˸ҵʱ¿ڴӦ
쵼ӦȻûа취ǰ
⻹¬ƽϵˣǲ֪Ѿ¶ϻˡ
ҲͬϰƵҪ
ˣΪ˷ֹйܣﻹƸרΪҽԺ˶Ĳ䱸רŵҽԱסԺڼˡ
ҲΪˣСŸӵĺ¡Լַӱ¶Щ˵۾棬ǲʲôصġ
磬ܲлȻʧ
˵컨׹ЩҽСǸҽŮҽ
Ϊʲôǲ뿪𣿡żʵ
Сһ£û˵
ȷʵ뿪ҡ
һ²Żһˡ
뿪ζŲǱ߼ĽôҲҪ¸µʱܻ
絽ڣʱˣû뿪ôʱ䡣
ȻڼΪˣЩСҲٲ˻ʱ򻹻ۡһ뵽Ҫ뿪ңԼһһȫİĵطôʱ䣬Ͳ
кˣͺеĺܡ
ôһʣСȻȦ˵ͺˡ
˵·ϲ˲䣬·϶ʱһСˮ
ǿˮ۵Ҫ֪¶Բϱ
Ǵ¡
ͷϱͷףǺСһĺС£ԹԵȥ飬Һͺڼҵ㡣һºܿģÿһ飬ҲûˡʱҴŶӹŮһȥ߽㡣
Сգգ۾ȴ˵Ļ
ɸĻᣬּ˵Ҳ᲻ߡһ뵽Ҫһ뿪סȥҾ͵ĵҹҹ˯žԸڼҶǸԸ鷳˵ģǶԲˣ˯ˣ϶˵
һ뵽
ųôҲûڱǰ˵̹ϹԼ˼Էϱ
˵Ѿȫ֪ҪαֻץСַԼؿڴ
·ܹܵԼǿŹ̵ġ
ǾͲȥˣڼ㡣Сַؿϣ̧˵
ǱǶҪʲôһ㣬ȥֶֹ£Ͱ͵ġ
ĶҪˡ
֪ʱԭ
Ա߲˲࣬ܿϱ˵Ŀ⣬ϵ˵һ䣺С¶ԣҽԺȥȥһ´Ҷİ
˵źȻ߬С֣ϱҵģȨΪң͵ҵģӦв
ȥ˼ְԵ۵ȴڲסĽš
˵˺ܶ࣬һ仰˵ڵһ˲ͱŵʡ
˵磬ɩӽҪڵӵġĵһ̥ԭͺ׳Σգһܰĵ˶ûСû˽Ҿ۵ӦҲû˸ɹ
ҪɩӲȥúõļһ£ʱŷʲô׵ĵطʱô죿
ʱǽ첻Ӧеصزˡ
Ĳȫָңһ㾭鶼ûС
ҲⷬᶨҲҪϱͳľġ
и뷨û˵ȥʱϱˣţܰѺٻص
Ȼϱߣÿ϶ں˼ﱸܼ尾ǶСδĺ˵ȴףаȫԵġ
⻰϶ǲ˵ģ˵ϱֱӸըˣ
СҪ뿪Ұࡣ϶ӵĲԸ⡣
ʱʲôҲˣֻôܰϱϴʣµ¶˵
Сٲ⣬ʵʱҲ֪Լ˵ʲôҲûˡ
ﶼΪˣȥǲܵġ
ʵղˣֻ˷йһ¡
ȻҲ֪¶ҶΪá
ֺȰ˼ֻܾ¿Ӧ
һͷ˶иҲ뵽˻һ¶ûü˵
С㲻£ҲǾһµλ
ҲȥҽԺ飬ûд⣬¸һ
㲻ǺϵܺӦùøһҲ˵ˣȥ㣬ȱʲôʲô
ôˣΪʲôҲҪȥҽԺ
˻Ҫ£СͷĴĻ
岻֪ɲõҪһȥסԺû뵽ġ
ŵɫҲе䡣
ǸҲ֪ô˵ϸϸһˣؼʱֲأ
ƶѪȴһֱû˵֮ǰýʳʱһ˵вһҪ˵
ᶼᣬҲѿȫȥˡ
ΪӪιȥ˺üΣʱѾϰˣҲû֪
ҲϱǱŸĸһ
˵ҪȥҽԺʱǹԱˣҰҲϣ»ȥˣ
ҪΪʳϽһСٳʲôΣաӪҪεģ
Ҳ
ɵʲô£
Խ˵Խ˵˾ֿڣҲǸûӵģˣôʰȱ


87 
Ϊӵϳڵĵط, ҪСʱʱ¬ƽƽרŴҽԺ˾õܣ֧, Եʱõ֡
һϴСͱǿˡ
¬ʱǸѲͧϾŮˡ
رǴ, һȫţΨһŵС²ڼˡ
֪ܶɢࡣ
ûüٰοһֻ۾СŮѲͧʻ밶ߺԶˡ
ڴҲĲڣûжã¬Ǿȫ뿪˴, װ˵ȥˡ
ֻʣˣǶ˵㡣
Сڶ, һȫϵʱ
ʱΪĻϣ, ҲŹ˷ܾСʱг̣һҲ͵ˡ
Σȴޱȡ
رôһխխĵϣ΢ζһĸо͸ǿһЩûжͿʼеδ, ǾΥ˵ģеҪŻˡ
С, ԡȻһ
СϸƷһ, ŷ־Ȼǿͻ÷
Ƿŵʱе㳤, ÷ӱúܸ, ζǺܺ, ѹһӿĶĸС
лл, ǰҴæˡСһ, л˵
ô˵Ժܸ˵ӣƿŵһÿóһСֽСͷԱߣЩ㣬ԡ
ƳһǸֽСֻޱȵϤ
룬ȵʵӼģ֮ǰϸùȥģҲģ
㶣ȻҡҡͷҡҴӼʱ̫ˣûʱȥЩǡҵġģӦҲİɣ
˵ֵʱԵĴ˼ɬ
Сʶ
ϵ֣Ҳĸ硣
ӡһĬԵԸܺõˡ
ûʲôµʱһҲ˵һ仰ȴĵİԼĺóԵģ椺ʹǼСӡ
˵Щ÷ģСÿԼ
еóԵĲףͷ취ˡĬĬ߶һ䡣
ֻǣС֪ʲôʱѾôˣ
Ȼ󲻳ϣһֱǵõʱģദʱ龰
ǵ̶ȣ˵֮ǰĽͬѧ˵ţҲһ㶼ŵġ
еԭ˼Ҳ˵ȻҲʡ
ڿ˰
Сר¬ƽļճ
ˡ˸ݵλϡ
¬ƽĻ˵ǣ̫ˣһٰһ£Сӻøûꣿ
Ҳġ
óԼЯСë̺Ҫλ棬˵ǿԼ
ڸС˼ˣֻԼġ
⼸æ꣬ʻ˸۰žפBʡʡǷʻȥ
СһεС
֮ǰȥĵطȷӪڵǸسǡ
شƫƧ˵سʵҲûжˣĹ磬ܹҲûм̨
ղڴϵʱѾ˵ˣ˵Bʡʡȫ˵ܹŵϺŵĴУ̶Ⱥ;ǣҲʲô
Сϳ󣬾һֱĶŴƣ뿴еĴеǸʲôӣ
ʼʱ·ǳĻأ·ӶûУͺͺĻ̡
ģ·߿ʼ˵ҲϡϡһЩׯ
һֱ˲Сʱʱ·߽˴򣬺˹ש߸ǵ¥
·ߵҲʼˡ
˳ǣѾ˲緹ʱ䣬·ߵĹѧУӿ˺ܶˣӵٶҲ˺ܶࡣ
Сĺ棬¬ƽЦŴӺĳСѳĲҡǰϾҪĻеˣǶߵ¥Դ濴һ
˵ţʾôðְѳҡķʽ
СȺ«ưİѲҡʱǰҰҲˡ
ɾʱ򣬳ȻһŮ췴
Ӧͼһžװź乿ŮһľһȺͬžװȥʮ߰ǷһĴǵĳǰܹŲԶĹſڳȥ
ȺûһֵģһľŰש
С۾⣬м߬ŵǺֵܴĸֹܣ
ǼƣҪʲôƴһ
ɶûü˼ͼ¬ƽ֮ǰ˵ĻеȻӿһȺɫˡ
һڵģҲں߰ĿںţȺžװСͳ˹ȥ
Ϊڶ̫࣬ңСǿֻܹһ䣺Ĺսѣ
һ
˷׷״£·˻߸ո°Ĺǿʼɿĳɢ
ܶ˵оŵı飬Ҳв˵ֻһƬľ
ΪƽʱڵϵʱΧ˴װռ˴
ԼҲǾˣСϰԵľͻȥƫ̻Щžװˡ
οȻղžôҴһƳǿóǸĶһЩûгɵĺӡ
벻ΪʲôЩӹ˻ȺСҪսѣ
ۿѾ۵һ𣬲Ť
Ǿ
ɿתͷں¬ƽ󣬺費Ҫȥֹһ£
С֪ǳΨһĲӣôȺžװĺӦöǲӵܣ
ǣ£¬ƽǷβܰɣ
ոתͷûüѯʣб󷽵Ϳٵĳҡҡͷ
˲̫ע⵽ĵط˸ơ
С⿴һԱߵ¬ƽ
˿̵ޱλϣĿбӵĿǰ·𳵴˺ŭûз
ȫûûһ
ӣС죬ȴǰѵߵĻ˻ȥ
ٴΰĿͶ˳⣬ʱѾһš֪֮ʲôޣһ޲ýֵˡȫ
ŮҲ
Сۿһɫװһ֮ǰǸŮͷϣѪ˳Ķͷ
ǸŮȻ⣬ֻĨһѣﺰһʲôںţľǸ˺ݺݻ˹ȥ
ȻٴͶ뵽˷ȺŹ֮С
ǴĿĺ쿴Сһӿ
ٿͷһߣʶסλá

¬ƽȻķꡣ
ʻλ˾ӦһȻȡ
ĵ̼Щرܵǣʹÿһ·
˾һţȺ໥ŹԽԽԶ
ĳʵ̫𺳣Сٿ
ĬĬҡ˴ͼһо֮⡣
ɾʱ򣬸ŲֿڲԶ·ߣһǰðỤ̃кܶͬ̾װ乿ڰһѶѵʲôӡ
ڻѲԶһͷ̫̫̱ڵϣһԲȴקһȥСк
СкŻѣ޵˻ߡ
Ƶ龰һ·С˺üһѧУſڣһȺĻҵСѧ
Щӿȥȴ󱦵˶٣һ϶ųޣŤ
СĬĬı۾
һ·Уʻ˾ŵפء
ЩӪٳѵٴγǵǰϤĺĺУСۡ
ŷ֣Լ߬ȭͷѾ亹ʪˡ
¬ƽҪ󣬳ֱӿҽԺ
Ȼ˵ȵϵ֪˶ٱ
һĻɫש߽ṹ¥ÿһ㶼дʮʮ䡣
¥ŵλã¥ݿĸ˶ߵ¡
С÷㶣ĵĿ˵˵ⷿӦûǵֵܹϵʱ򣬶Էæġ
¥忴ȥʵأȴеĸо
С˵ͷ
ҲⷿӺ֮ǰȷӪǱ߼ķһ㶼һ
ǽﲿǱߺܹܿҽӦȾͱк¬ƽֱཻӴСȥһ¥һ
ͬ־ĲϢһ£ҽ顣ʲôֱͷӣڻʿվġ
һŶʮͷСʿ֮ǰӹİ˴ͷϣȻ߹ȥϴŵһڵĶ
ʹ˺
ѭȥСŷǸһͷڿſڵλãϵɫͭ塣
Сٺˣ¬ƽ˾뿪ˡ
ǸСʿҲʾһȥ
ͬ־ҪסĲڶ¥ڶƣҲȥһ»
˵ͷ
ٳʱֳһ£СлҪ˵
ӣСʿЦˡ
ͬ־еļ鶼죬ûʲô¡ȥһ²ͬ־˵Уû˻㡣
һ仰˵ҲŲ˼Ц£Ի˺ܶࡣ
ߺСٶȻŷȻΪµҩ
֮ǰҽŮı̥ҩѾˡ֮ҽŮ˵̥û⣬̥ҩٳˡ
ȻΪ˱ҩȻÿҩһҪȥΡ
˵ҽŮ˵ˣֻҪֳԣܹӣʱ˳˳ֺӳ
Ϊ׼뵺߾һֱûжˣһֱڲпȥҩˡ
ոհһȥûüȥһµϵдʲô
СԼԼ洫ŵ
ŵٶȻ˲
һֱվ˴ߣüߵһҩ֭
ʶԼĿڴġ
ôסţһð
ĬĬһ䣬ǴӦŸϽ߹ȥ˷š
СŸʲôվŵ
СһĿ벻Ϊʲôô죿
Ǹո¥һӶЪ
Ҹ׼·͹ˡôżҪ˵ʲô
Сӭݣֱ˵ʵ
ҹϵѾˣûбҪӡ
ȻҲû룬ֱӴ¿ڴóһûаƴĺɫƤСݵĸǰ
Сǲϵ֮ǰûп챦飿
Сû뵽׷ȻΪԼûпʲô飿
ɻĿ˿ǰŮֿ˿ݵԼǰǸɫƤСӡ
ǸСӡһžװ˵ͷ滹֣ëϯ¼
ǸȻʶģƤҲ֪ӵˡ
ǣֿһۣȴȻûҵ˵ģʲô챦
ΪʲôҪ¶⡣
Ҿ֪¶һȻ˵ı顣
Ȼһס˴¡
֮һĴߣСǼϵʱ磬淢˺ܶ£ܶ࡭ܲ¡
Ұ˵һ仰ǡ̸¡ԾҲ˵ˣһʱҲ˵ס
һ仰Ժ󿴵ʲôʲô˵ʸȥܡ
ֻҪǵҽԺĿΪ˼壬ܹ˳һı
¶ûϵ
У
ǸСϵ˵㣺챦ЩúÿĻһҪȫһֲıᡣҪǻ֪ҪҽԺãҪԷһ
󻹽˺ö࣬˵Ļ޲øС˵лһࡣ
ƽ˵ֻӣС֪˵ЩһޱҪġ
֮ǰ·ϼģЩޱȲпľһεʶĵϵǶôˣܹһԴ
ڲ뿪ô̶̰ʱ䣬Ѿʼޱȵɽļˡ
Լܵô˵ķ˹һˡ
ԼĲСûϢһĴʹŻʿһˡ
һʮŮ򣬴žװһüĿӡ
һǺоˡ
Ķһ̥λһЩ⣬ȻһŻ鵥˸ںĻʿ
Ȼ˵㲻õģڵ£̥ܺḁ̃λ΢еƫ£Ǻء֮ǰĴʽǶԵģ㻹Ҫٵһʱ䡣£˶þˣ϶̫á
ҽĻʿĽСĴ֧ٴλָͷͽŸߵơҽŵλõı֮ǰŪûߡ
ƺܣΪǰľСѾϰˡ
ȴû뵽ԼȻҪǱޱȵ̬ˣ
ԣ¬ƽٴγʱСʶգգ۾һʱе벻Ϊʲôֹ
˼¬ƽҲûѣֱߵߵĵ¡
˵С֪̫ܲʡҽǴ̸֯ġ˵¶Ӧ̸֯˲Ϥ̫ţӰ˵塣ҾԼˡ
СǶȥʵܿú¬ƽ˿̵沿顣
һܵҪ̸ԡ
֣صĻظ¬ţʲôֻʣ֪һ֯˵
ô˵¬ƽ˵ͷıʼǱʵʶһ޵𣿡
СŬ룬ҡҡͷûУû֡
¬ƽּʵǣʶ𣿡
Сʱһ


88 
Сû֡
˵, ùõֽ꣬ĸֽܺ
ֱ¬ƽе, ܾܿǻϿѰŵģǸͺͼʧɢ˵Сùá
ǰܻԼ뷨¬ƽ˵һ¡Ͼڲôļ;, ָѾϰߣ쵼ʻȻӦʵʵ˵
ƫƫղŸ˵Ҫ࿴˵²ܡ
ټһ·ЩĴ̼Ҳ̫ˣ˿̵СѾȥȫһˡ
ҽԼйص˵
ӿٵתš
ϽһҴ, õĿǰΨһ
֮ϵ֪Ҳޡ
˵, ֪ϵĽֱ˾
õһֱǡΪȷӪǼҴ, ˺һףԲŰһӵϣñרǵĻʳ
˵ΪԷһһΪɷԣһֱ, ǰ϶ø
뵽, Сһѡ
¬ƽ, оŲû˽ͻϵĹϵ, Ҳ֪ӵʵݡ
ҡҡͷʶ
˵, һ¶ı鿴¬ƽ¬, ˵Щ˵ǸʲôģӦʶ𣿡
ô, ¬ƽҲû, ıҲ˼ɻ
ģСղһŲ֮ǰȥCʡ鰸ͬ־ˣǻ˶ԷĵԱ
СһĲ⣬ֽһ䣺С֮ǰרϱģǴмǸ
ôһ˵СʱȻ
֮ǰ˰ҹ¬ƽߣŻȥ
ȥҲûʹԼҲ˵Ȼ
ֻ˵д˸㱨ϣȻЩʶҲȥˡ
ڽ˵ȥ˽ʱʲôչͨ
ʱܹõϢֻЩʱ䳤ˣСҲİ˼Ľʱ򣬸벻
¬ƽᵽˣȻҪʸ
¬ţǸ¶𣿵ô£Уղᵽ˾˭ǺҼϷӵ¶йϵ𣿡
һ˳
֮󣬲ŷ·ʶʲôæͣ¬ţ̫ࡣʵǣ¶Ҽйء
˭Ҫס˻ǣЩ߰¶Ҳûġ˵ˣʱ˼Ů֪һֱ״ҲȺйϵ
˵⻰֮һֱþܾøԼһ
˵ĸ˵˵ҲϹš
ô˵¬ƽĵ˵ͷ̬ȺǺơ
˵ҲǵˣҲû㡣ҸղˣҲȷʵ㣬ҵլеϵ
Ǳߵͬ־֮ԸʵҲ˽һ֮ǰʲôԨԴ
ºȻ˹Ҳǰкٰų⡭
Ծǹʼ䡣
ȻʶҲû취ǻôӱ֡
ô˵Сˡ
¬ţʲôɱȦˡѽҪ𣿣
ۿСöҪˣ¬ƽһϽ˵Լ֪йصȫ˵˳
ԭŵĻ㱨֮̽㱨ϼλϼλӣҪרȥ˫Լ˫ڵĹе顣
ͬʱͨǱߣҪ󵱵صԱҲϡ
һ黹˲¡
Ҳȷʵ統ģΪĲʣ¶СļңլЩصעĶ
ΪǷְ׵ģҲͳЩʶץס˰ѱ
˵鵽ѾˮʯԾʹ˽ˡ
ֻҪЩ¼йصǱԱץ鰸¾ʤ
ƫƫЩץ֮Ѷʱ򣬴ҷһ֮ǰ˶ȫû뵽顣
ǾץǱԱһ
֮ǰ඼ʶ֪ԷĴڡ
ǻҲֹ˴ˣʼնΪ˫һˣĿĶһ
Ѷʱ򣬵Сȴ֣ȻǶǱ˫ΧģĿĶǶСլˡ
һȷʵΪһǵټһΪҶ
һ˴Ҷô£Ҷʲô
ǰС˾ͽעķѶ˵ϡ
ǽһȥ˹ģ޵ֹͨϵҵǣ˺ܶǮʣͨȥСլһ
Ǹʲô޺Ͱµ˶û˵
ֻ˵Ķȫûȥҵ͡
˵֮±·
ʵҪ̫ں
ҸҪǣסĶ⼸ŵŮ֪ࡣ
ӵҲǸסĺܣЩӳСᣬһԲˣʲôض

˭ˣʱ򻹻Яʲô
Լò𣿣
ǷȥʲôرĶǿ϶ǲ
Ҫҵ͵ȥ﷭
ǸլסĿɲһˣ֪Ⱥ塣
ÿֵĻᡣ
ԣ˸ֻˣ˵ǷӲס˻Դ˽֪ȥ÷֡
ƫƫѾûбĵطסˡ
֪ȷʵŤҲûеڶѡ
С꣬бļ֪࣬Ϊԭ뿪
ߺ󣬻µ֪ൽӡ
һֱץЩҲûҵõȥ﷭ҡ
ͬ־ǰǽ˲飬Ǹ޵ǽźӵġʱӵʱԼһߵģﻹʣһӡ
ӽн˵Ǿ̵СŮֻǰʱѾȥˡ
ҷҪǰµʲôҲôҶҵȥˣ
˵¬ƽٴеɻСȷʶЩˣߣû㸸ĸ֮ǰú룬һ㣬Ҳ԰ƻкܴİ
СǶҳЩһ첻ץסǼҾһΣա㲻嶼˶һɣ
ŶУϸ룬ǵʲô𣿡
ô˵С˾κˡ
û뵽ôСùãȻѾȥˡ
û뵽Ȼͨ;֪Ϣ
ֻǣ⻰Ȼһֶ˵
˻ϣǰ¶һ֡
Լˡ
һˣԼȻҴš
Ǹ׼顣
еĻϣСԼûʸЩܿԸʲôˡ
¬ƽ¶һЦ
¬ţǼƶũΪˮӻӵ˫壬ʱȫַġ
ʱҶˣ֧ҵӲסһȫ˶֪ģŵӦҲˡ
£ǼɶֵǮĶУҵ軹绻ҳˣǻῴҲ
ô˵¬ƽΪȻĵ˵ͷȻЩµҲ˵ġ
ǣ᲻֮ǰʶˣ¬ƽʡ
ǼǴɽǱġʱҶмˣϼĶҲղҲ˵ˣǾʿǶϼԶأ
˵ҼũΪҵôʶЩǮˣ
Ҳô˵ġʮǧأĶ˵Ҳûн
Ҳ֪Щ˸ˣǾǺ˵˵
Сôʱ䣬úϢûˣûˣһȥ˵¿϶мĶ©
¬ƽվҪߣСæ¬ţɵðҴŵ㰡Ǹʲôһø˵һղҲ˵ˣҺúõļңһȺŰ
˵˵ֱ䡣ǿҵϷӣǻûȥסأ˵ôаģ붼¡
¶ˣԺôһؼҰ
˵ţֻĿڵλţһľδ
⸱ӣ¬ƽڵͷ
Ȼ֪¶ʲУԼԷ˿϶Ҳ
ǡ
СأڻΣڣȻҲôԶסԺ
жСϱ˭ҪΪ¶СĲ鷳ɾʹȥˡ
ң¬ƽҲף㲻ۣСչ˴ôʱ䣬ݶҲأԲʲôܻģ
סԼŲҽԺһ¶һӶԲס˼ҷ
뵽¬ƽҲˡ
С֯¬磡һȺҪαɢʲôǵСƣ
ǵƤӵ£ôܸ˷˵Ļ᣿
˵ıøӵ֣࣬صĳŵСģҿ϶ףһɾ
Ҹ㱣֤Բһ鷳һΪ³ʲôΣա¬һΣ
Ȼ¬ƽѾ˵̶ֳˣСȻ˵ʲôֻ˵˺üмĻ
ȷʵתˣ¬ƽ뿪˲
ȷʵ뿪֮ŷԼ󱳶ˮʪˡ
һ챼־˾޴𵴣С˵ַ
ʱʿֽ飬Ѫ󻹰Ӫ롣
ڵĹǺҲڼֲסˣܿ硣
ϣ˵Ҫȥ򷹡Һ廹ûΪɸܾˡ
¬ƽ̸¶֪ģ۳СҲöʣֻһֱó˵ĵĿ⿴
С˵ǸЦЦ;Ա۾
û뵽ǣȻѾ˵˲򷹣ҽһŷӣķøһӪ˹
ŷڵģļСûʳǹֵĿҲòһ㡣
ֱȷĳԱˣڷġ
СЪţһȥˡղŻʿ˵Ҫȥ飬Ҳȥ˯һʰϵķУһ߸˵
ô˵СŷӦ췢ʵ̫ˣԼһֱڣûüһĲ顣
Ҫ֪ǵһ졣
뵽æץס׼Ҫ뿪Ů׷ʵ㵽ô£Ҫʲô飬ҲҪѪ㲻ƶѪ𣬶ƶѪѵҲҪ飿
˵ʱСѵõһ˿־塣
ҽԺ֮ǰ֪νļ壬Ѫ
СܵĽ巢֮ĸˡ
ڣȴҪ˰Ѹ壬ôһѪ
֪϶ǲӦġ
ƫƫ֮ǰû˸˵
ʱ򣬻ʿѪˡ
ԼѪ˳Źʿеʱ֮ûзԣʵΪʱŵ˵ˡ
һֱʿѪˣСڴϣﻹһѣΣȫһ롣
ԣһ뵽ƶѪҲҪôһѪ˲еסˡ
ӣ󷴵Цˡ
ǰҲҪѪûµģ㲻õġǰ׼£ͲѪ
СѪ¶ˣ
ô˵һ㶼ûвģӽˡ
գգۣڵʲôһ˿ж
С߬סģСûµģһѪҵ岻ʲôˣҲصġ
㵽׵ʲôҲ˵˵СʵڱסˣֱԲʵ
֮ǰܻո䣬̽һСﵽԸԸ˵
Ͼӡ󻰲࣬ԸеУȷԸԸͱ۲
һĽܽӴСԼ˽Щ
ʵҲǸˬʵˣһ档
ԼǰΪģԼյĺʵ
ټ֪Ժܺܳʱ䶼ҪҽԺ໥ˣҲȦӣ
ѾʼǲпԼҲܰŵ
ûһҪ˼ܹóɻ̸ԼĲ顣
Ȳ˼Цһ¡
ǲӪؼҸ˵ʲôˣ¶ȷʵˣұΪܿȥ˭֪ôһȦ˸ҵˡ
˵»صǰ£С˵ҲϹģľƶѪͨȱƶѪ
˵֮ǰڵʱ򣬴ںǼҽԺȫ顣
ҽ˵ˣ˵Ҫȥеѣʲôëڵõ˺ܶ࣬˵˾Ӫûֵġ
֮εΪҵıȱ˵ĳ̶һҪӪòҪһЩٽӪյҩ
˵Цһ£ֻҩ̫ˣȱŵѾ˼ҲŰ˼µҵϵʱʵѾҩˡ
ô˵Сʱˡ
ûҩΪʲô˵أҲ֪۵ûУҲ밡ô˵һҲȥһ˲˵ôһţҲԵҩҲǵ󣬸ҿһʱ䣬ҩҲԣ
ôżлһ˿ж
ܿ˹Ļ⣬סС֣𼱱𼱣ɱżˡ
ⲻΪҽȻٿҩģֻҪע⣬岻ʲôġҸ㱣֤

˵һСӪڴˡŻʿ룬ҲԼĲ
ڰ
ȷΧûˣһʱҲСصԼС䣬ó֮ǰղľƻкӡ


89 
ڽ֮ǰ, ȻСҲһֱܺﵽװʲôǴûͼȡΪܾԭĸһֱȥĺúõģû, ȴҪƻ
ڣȴȻһͭ˵ĳ嶯
ʹקק˿
ִԼεĺӣҳһ, ˴, ֱǰļ, Ҳûаɶļ
СͼȥǶλ, ȻƵʱ򵱳ӦǷһˣǶǺһǶľͷĸְϡûκοֵĵط
о˰, ɥķ, ҪѺӴֻ취, һҵʵԿ, һֻܲȡ, ľ䳹ƻ
ʹ, Ȼȡڶ
ֿʼĥǷܹæóһܹɽж
, Ǿա
Ȳ˵һŷĹŮ, ҲҪ, ʲôܼдġ
ðΣⶫȥˡ⹤һͲǸġһϹͲܻ
ңǺһŵǺǸԶĶʱ˱˿, ǳһ, ҲͲͨ
۴һǶ˵, ûôԼͽܵġ
Сֻһ̽ͷϾˡ
ͽָϣ֮ǰҲӣҲûҵ򿪵İ취
ǣȥľֻԼˡ
СĥţԽԽûͷ
ﷳң־͸ʶ߬ŵľĦԽԽ
ȻָһͣŵĽľƾٵǰ
˵Ҳ֣ŷķʱٺʵһģһġ
Ҳ緹ʱһҲŷæʱ
ƫƫСݵʱͷ·͵ġ˷Žȥḯ˵ʲôʱﶼǰ죬ʱõʱ
ļʱ仯
ڸʱãҪȥ
СľƷĵط۾ϸơȻһηľƵһϣһϸܲԵİݣһϸϸķ졣
ӭŹ⣬ùߴϣͨŷ֣ճĺۼ
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ּӴղŽ뼱״̬ʱȻٴθо˷϶Ĵڡ
˲ӿһϲ
ˣľӦмвġֻǵʱ˼ճ÷ǳ˿Ϸ졣
ճס֮־ϸµĴĥ֮ˢᡣ
ΪˢĤܺǿճĺۼģҲǹ⻬ġֻʹѹܸܵһճʱµķ϶
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ȻѾ˲鷿ʱ䣬ʿҲ͸˵ú˯ǲʲôĲˡ
ΪԷһС߹ȥŴ淴ˡ
һа꣬ٴνǸС䡣
Ϊ֪ԼҪõʲôߣСǸľ
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Ϊʼղȣһ룬ľѿһС죬ŵСһûѵˡ
Ȼ˼׼ɿԼôõľƱˣеۡ
οϻ˵ǹùøĥĸһһ
ԣĶӵϸ£óʱģӱ档
ŰһľڱһΪǸѺۣĻ϶á
ȻСΪһ㣬ڳһСۣзһѺܾµĻͭԿס
Կ׵Ĳʺͺϵһģһ
СסĵľϲֽľµĴŷⱻ䵱Կ׺еľĲһľ¡
Ĳ۶ǰԿ׵ģ̳ģԿ׷ŽȥȻ˵˿Ϸ죬Ҳĺ÷ֺ
ҲΪˣԼԭôʱ䣬ͻҲĥôãûзȻǿĵġ
ȥʰ棬Сͽܸ׼ĳʳԼķ䡣
ݺĵһȻҵԿ׽ǰͭ򿪡
ƿӵһ˲Сŵס˺һ˲ԼĶһţʵе벻ﵽ׻װʲô
ɽӴ򿪣Сȴˡ
ŵģʹգգ۾ں
ɲô룬ȴȻֻ
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СĵĽ˻˻Σںȫű߶һ飬Ȼ󲻵òϣʲôҲûС
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Сֿ˰죬ʲôֻýȷһߡ
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ⶫСûѧԭѧʱѧһЩѧǶġ
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Կ״ʱͨˣ֮ǰľȡҲࡣ޷ǾǱǰ΢һ㣬óӦҪһѸ
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Сϵ˰죬ԽԽơе㲻ˬ
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⻰һڣʿʱˡ
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˵ܰ೤ˣʵĳҲǺģҲһֱҸúġ
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ܰ೤ӦڵϵʱʹһЩͬˣķʽ̽뷨
СԸ⽻Ȼ֮ã޶ԣΪݳ޶ɣܰ೤Ҳܽ͵ͨ
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ɩӵҾͷôһܳԳһҲǼ棬Թöģ
˵ȻѹʣɩӣǼǰʲôģڵءҲǺİɣ
ܰ೤˶֪Ͼھ͹ģ˵ǰúܴ൱
ֻǺ˼սңҵըըʣµǵʲ֮Ҳϵȫ
Ϊ󻮷ֳɷֵʱҴӱΪ˳ƶ
ȻҲûлᵱ
ڣȻֿʼ½綨ɷ֣ΪүүôҲǾŵĸǺһУܻеΡ
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һεЦˣɩӣǻأɽĶİ
⻰˵Сٴˡ
һǴɽӻģ⻰֧˵ġ
˵ĸʱ򣬾ôߴҵġ
ԭļҲȷʵһԹ㣬Ϻӡ󡣿Ҫ˵ϼɽģô֪
ɽкǵ˲֮ʶ˼ɽսʿ֪ġ
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ʵʵ˵ҺСʱͺ͵ӻĳˣ¶ǲҲȥˣȻ͸֪ˡ
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˵ţæվִԼǸСС
С˵ɩӣٳС⡣ҲСģǶе棬ͷŽȥˡ
˵ţеݵСǰ㳢Ⱥء
СȥȻ󿴵ĸȭͷСģг˷⡣
ƲӲӵģ滹һг˱Ƭĺ档
ʱǽЩҲܰ೤˵ļ
ʱˣСܣɲôʳǮҿɲҪ
ܰ೤˰֣Ӫų˲ǮƱ˵ˣµĹҲòȥˣȫӲáɩģûǮӪ᲻ܿء
㳢Ҳ˵ţԱߵĿӣҪиСԡ
֮ǰΪʱʿûߣСڴϵġɲסˣĶǰųԷźģ
οܰ೤Ҳûô졣
æӴ
һߴЬһ˵æԼԾС
ΪҪЬʶ䣬ǲĸ첲¶Сء
ϸɰ׵УͨƤȽϺڵĵطȥͼΪۡ
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һ۾ճβˡ
СЬֱӣŷܰ೤ıе㲻ͷ
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˵ЦЦԳˣ֪ͦġ
ܰ೤ȴûнĻǷ˷УĬĬĽ⿪ԼװڵĿӡ
һԵĽ𵽺СλòĵطǸλҲȻһķǳƵ÷ӡǡ
ֻǣǸӡӦǵղȥСֱϵˡ
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Сſ͡
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ǰһߵСǰֱۺİڳһš
СæȥϸıȽ
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·ֿҲҲ룬ͰѺǵֱ϶ͼ
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˵ܰ೤Ȼᡣ
Сùܶˣүү߶˶ꡣһֱ·߲ˣÿҪҵǱϣһһ졣
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үүô꣬ôͻϼأ
˵ܰ೤ȻӡǴļСܹоᡣ
СһҲ˵
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Ӧǵɽ֮ü˼
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صսңʧ֮ڣ뻧زʲôѵ¡
ܰ೤һƽ
תͷС£ÿӼһŽֱߡ
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ҽȥ͸ҵдšҸұ֤յſ϶̾͵ܹ㡣
ܰ೤ǻˣԽ˵Խˣ˵ֻ޲ھܻؼңø˱Ϣ
ӣСʵǲԸˮ
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Ȼܰ೤˵ⷬԷǳĸߣһҲס
С֪Լ飬֮ǰЩʵˡ
˵ʵܰ೤˵ôһ֮ûиּܵϲá
෴ģӿһʮǿҵĲС
ԼǱߵ¶ûŪأǱߵ˹
뵽ͷ۵˲С
Сǲ飬˭⡣˶һã
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Ǹﾭһһεĵ飡
Ҫܰ೤ôĽ³ȥʲô˵ע⣬һΰԼԼϵ¶˵Ƥӵ¡
Сɵô˸
ﺦٳһ֮ǰȷӪʱǵ麯רǰ֮¶
һ뵽ǡ
ʲôģҲûôҪˡ


90 
СŬô֯, ܰ೤ʱҪϵ͸¶ȥʱܰ೤ȴȻͣĶ
˷ܵıҲסˡ
һ, ˼ʲô⣬ȻļϲñŨŨľɥΡ
СǸ˵Сǵݹϵʱ˵
С˵һ㶡
ݵܰ೤Ϊʧ
æͣСݲͬ
ָָ棺ڵĹʡۼҵĳɷֻġ
˵Ц, Цȫǿɬ
Ӫһôһ֮ףΪۼҵ¶ǵǰ;ٸˡ
ڵϺúõģӪ϶ǰ;ֻҪӹúãײʵҲûôҪ
˵, ̾˿ڵСһЩ, һϵģԺֻҪӪһ죬Էⷽҿ϶չ˵׵ǰע㣬Ҫ⴫ɡ
ô˵, СıӺȻˡԼ֮ǰЩ뷨, ʱμˡ
űӽһ硣
ܰ೤ʱ˵ֿ, ԭе, ˿̿ȥԵᡣ
Сӣʵ, ƾһҡĲ̫𣿡
˰֣, Ҳǲ, ҾǾã᲻ˣ
ᡣܰ೤شļΪƶ
˵ҵһμʱ;ƣôҲ벻Ķ
ˣ㳤Ӧ裬ҲСáүүǶһСùСʱƬʮʱĵġóҿֹһΡ
ǰûϺţ룬ƬϵСùóһģһ
˵ȦֺˣҲֲڿ޻Ц
үүҲܼһ氡Ҫ˼һŵʱܼһҲĿˡ
˵꣬ͷ
һĨһ̧ͷСԲе㼤ҵû
СҪʲôҲ룬ڣɶɶ㾡ܿڡֻҪ˵һ취ȥŪ˵ŪҲȱ˵İմܶࡣ
ôһǿЦģСҲ䡣һʱ仹뵽ʲôԵأ
һҡͷʲôҲ˵ܰ೤룬ʣԲԣɣ
С룬ΪϷôãǮǸƱ֤˲٣һֶҪˡ
Ȼæ򵽳ʳҲûҪʲô֡
ǵ˵ͷ磬Ҫа취ͰŸӹǮƱ˰ɡ涫ô˵ҲȴƱǿٱˡ
ô˵ܰ೤һĲΪ⡣
ϵġǴ°ÿҲٶýҲȽСͬ־Ʊȯꡣ
ҪصϵĶȷԺˣ׼ʱҪʲôǸңרȥ򡣡
˵ֽһ䣺Ųȥ껹ǹ磬߲гܷ㡣ȣʳòˣÿ϶Ҫȥɹ
˳ֵ¶ʲôҲ̫ȥ룬ʱʱ˵ü
Щ֮Ļٴת緹ϡ
һ׷вУ
СС˵ͷ
Ӧʹ죬ܰ೤ҲˡʰùĲ;ߣһľܾȫõϴɾ Це뿪
ո뿪ûһ˽
Сϴ°ҵ죬Ȼ˻̫óˣһļ͡
˵ŻСĴŵ־Сſ־ﻹһСԼ֮ǰԵһģһ⡣
һ˰ɡСҪӪ࣬һҪԵ㡣ٵĸǰ
С˿
￴ȫϡ
֪Ǹʵˡ
ʱһǧ֮⣬ദӣ֮󣬾ͷεĶá
С֪ôģֻôĹʵ̫ϧˡ
̾˿°ָָϷŵķ룬˿ϻһϴɾ˵ɴ
滹أҳԲ£һ˰ɡ
ô˵һ㶣Ȼе㲻ŵ߹ȥҿɴ
ڿûжʱûбֳϲˡ
Сô԰ôõĶôţ·Żԣ㲻ԶĺӻóأӪˣǽһһô찡
˵ţԼƢԣ־һţҪСҷǳˣ˯
ҡСƵ봷ǽ
Ҳ˼˵ĿɲһСС
ΪõСףʵϣԿõһ˸֮⣬ȫˡ
ų˴࣬˺ü⣬ҪٳԣɾҪˡ
ҰɣȷʵԱˣ
СһεԼĲ󣺡ٳԶ֪ҽҳԶࡣУô˯˯ԣ㻹ܲܳԵ£
ô˵ͣĶ
룬ԻǺܲġ
ԽԼҲŽ˷Ȼ°ɴϡ
˵ǾٳԶͰɡ΢оһͳһô飬һСͳˡ
˵գĳĲһ䣺ⶫãѪ
ѪӦöԡСһۡ
ȻѾ¶˾ҪѺóԵô˵ǹǼĶһڡ
ӣСʵ̲סˡ
ľôõĹ˵Ϳϧˡ
ȻԼûýŵǱʣǣһأ
ǰӿҲûһ㽻İɣ
ٴǶܹóǺġ
ôʱദСƷҲûġ
˰Σʵе㻰㣬Ҳ֪òʡ˵ӦôԵģҾǾá
Һ¶ɣЦŴĻ
Сû뵽Ȼô̹һ𾪵Ŀ
ӣ󷴵Цˡ
ôҰϲǣС㲻ýɣɱ𡣡
Ȼô˵ˣСߵĻҲֻȥ
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Ǿͺãûܵġ
ͣС֪ԭйһԨԴ
СһԺﳤģҴҲʶ
СѧжһѧУͬϵܲ
ֻǵ˸֮ɼ̫ˣֻ˰ͲμУȥ˾У֮˵·ͲͬҲûôټ档
鵽˽ôҲǷСټʱٿһͬѧꡣ
ɺҵ˺ǣŵ˺ǵľҽԺ
һҶʶİ̲֪ĸˣҪý
ǰ̻ǸԸʵġ
Ϊ֮ϣҲûбǸˣýûɣĺö˶֪ˡ
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ʱոΪƶѪŴ½ӻڼأƽʱȥҽԺŶ
涼죬ȴһ֪
ֱһ죬һϵͬѧܹߵ˵ҪҪȥۣ֪ԭ涼ڴ
˵Ǽҿйϵȥ˵סǸӣµ˼ҵһ
ֱֲӾܾûӣֻ˺ǾҽԺĹϷһƫƧСȥ˾ҽ
˵ʲôĶУܵ˵ָĸһ㡣ǰ;
ͬѧ˵Ǹо·ѩ
ϽȥţǸ̸Ҫ˵ϵ¶ܾˡ
ž仹СҪҪβ̸ۼʲôʱÿǡ
Ҳֲô£Լúý˵ģΪʲôᴫ
ΪһֱöԲңһֱڻʵһǼңĴûҪȥǼҵĸ֦
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ʱУҵǰ;һƬãҵ壬Ժô˵áǸôҲ֪ɡԼôû֪֮أ
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֪¶֮ʲôĻֱܲһ˵
Ϊ֮ǰ˵ȥȷӪ¶ǼͶµģԲΪҪʲôŮʱ
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СӣҲȻ˵ȫûһ顣
ֻǣѾ˵ˣ֤֮ĺ蹵һ仰ܽ͵ġ
һҪԸźãһͷԶкýġ
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ԣ˻⡣
Ľô˵
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˵ԭЩɥȻ˼˷ܡ
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ʵʲôرĶղܰ೤ͷʱ˵пյʱĶгǰˡҲȣŵʱ䲻֮ܳǰ򡣡
˵ܰ೤Ӧæ۾һȻʹҡҡ֣вУǶĶ򡣡
ܰ೤˲ʵǿԵġСٴȰ
ô˵һۣȻһЦСǲǳ˳ԵģҲװ±ʲôˣҪ򡭡
յСĶߣҪѽ
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룬Լ˵ͷͨʲôȻе۵ƳСһۣȥ̫ˡ
Сʵڲºȥʲôϵ
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СǰĵϣǴ󷽵Ľϴĳ¸߸ߵ
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С˿ϴģ֮ǰȷӪʱ򣬺ʹһ黨Сġ
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һ߼˵ӣԭҲе㲻˼󷴵ˡ
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ٲ˵Щ仰˵꣬Сǰǲظֳ֮ǰȷӪʱȥʱһЩ긾˵ӡ
ΪȷӪڵǸطҲȣСϱ·ЩЩ긾˾ûô˼ɡ
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˵ֶСƣϵıӵΪѣңⶫҲǷֳģؿɱҵĴˣȥԣҵĳҲϰ
ôѴСĹߣСӲˡ
óֱۣǰôûƳȻǸô֪ģ
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Ҳ֪ȻǸô⽨ġ˵ҲǶеģѵסУʱŮ䲻Щ𣿡
С룬һҲ벻ԭĹƵĻ⡣˵ˣڽ֮ǰֶ֪ڡ
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С㲻úģⲻʲô˵¶ǰǺѼ˽ﶼĵġҿܲܰȥء
˵Ȼ˺ѵУٴΪ
ȥʻʿվСʿܲܰȥһ£УǾͳᡣһۻȥ֮ǰɻһأ
˵ҰοĻ۾ȴȫϣ
С֪ĿԲ
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ôˣŲţȻҲǲܵġ
ʵҪ˵ȥĻҲ󡣱ϾҲǴӵģΪרԱĸĸסһ
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Ǹ˴һɫĹӸ߸ߵһܴƤС
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ڣеڵϺڵĹģֻԼһĶˮůͺ͵ġ
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СɩԼֵĻƹϣҸһԡȣһܻ̹㡣
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ûĴ￴Ƕ˵ʲôģǶ˵ȥǼŲסÿ춼Իؼҡ
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˿ռЩԲӪƷ֮󣬶ܰ೤Щʵеп޵ġ
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˶ƱǮƱʳƱ˹óԵӦõġ֮ô
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˵ǶҪúõƣѲκãȥ
ֻлصϣĲŻ᳹ɢȥ


91 
СԴҪ, ʱļѾȫˡ
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ΪԺ֮ǰרſġ
쵼һǿµҪԣҪƵҽԱӡҽΪжء
ڿ˼, ŷֲûʲô, ԵʱʹӦҪ
ͬʱ˵, ڿµߣ΢˶˶ˡֻͱ١
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ϣ͵ġ
ʵ, Ϊ˱, ˣ͹ġԿ˵С, 󶼾ú֡
ܰ೤, ôͷȵʵ
ô, ô뿴ңЦеķʡ
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е㲻˼ⲻ, ⼸춼ɩ͵, ǶϰˡȻ˾ʡôɩӽ£
Դ֪ܰ೤һ֮, ̾͸˿, ɩӳɩӶ̵, е׵úܡ
СҲҪɩӵ, ôһ, óԸҲһ˿ڡ
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˵ſСһۣҶ˵ˣȥʱյٻ¥ǴУԸ⣬ҪԼȥ򡣵ɶϡﻹ֪ˣ
⻰һ˵ʱ󾽡
Ȼ֪ȥˣɶǻû˵
ЦǳӲת˻⣺ܰ೤ǴʲôóԵˣ
ҲĹһСҪĶô˵Ҳ˳˷С
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̴Ƥɵʻѡӣ׼ôȥ
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СЦⲻң̣СŪˡ׾ģǡ
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ô˵ɵжʱһĨۣٿĿ͸ӵºˡ
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ⶫżԸһΰεĿθҲˣСû׼Ҳ
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ɿȴúס
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ɩӣ۹ãǾȻ׻ɫģ֮ǰںǶûɫÿϿ϶ر԰ס
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Сһû֨ΪԼСΪûиܣϽԼĴһݸ
СǸģܴܲ
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ôһСϲˡ
ãɩӣ̫ˡǶԽԽϲ
ҿӴɩӣСôǵĲһ
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СӹȥָһſʣɩӣôⱳĿӷŵǰˣİۡҪһСı˿ô죿
Цſһۣ͵СҼҵĶʲôСҪ̺ӷں棬ÿι̶ѣ鷳ǰ棬ʱֻҪ·ѿӽ⿪ˡʡܶ¶
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˰죬ǿԿʵɩӣǸСģǴĶŪİǰûмֲġ
ҵڷ֯ϰ࣬æҵǳҲ£ģôСõ鲼ͷͽˡ
ô˵۾һǾѾץסĸ첲Ȼ۰Ͱ͵Ŀ
е㲻˼˵᲻÷ôʪСһЦҲ졣
ȥСࡣ
һӾͰЦˡ
Ц춼ϲϣģС˼ɿɿɣҲȡ
ˣˣٸҵ˵˵Ҳҵ鲼ͷ
ҲҪ鲼ͷϾܾԴҡø˹Ƶġ
Ҫɶˡ
ĺһ²Ť˵ɩӣС£ܰҲ𣿾ҲҪǰڵġ
ҪǸֲι̣Ҳûľѿ˳
꣡һֱԱ߿ֵСһû˵ֱЦ
ɩӣ˵ʲôô̭˵𣿣
Ҳ˲úˣ˭˵ι̲ܴ°ҲȰ
ɩӣ۶ڴ°ɻģƵģɶо㲻֪ܴı㣬ٳ㺹ҵȻҲô
˵ˣֿСеһۣǿӷǰ棬ϵ෽㰡ź棬ر£СϴʱܸϵһŵĻ𡣡
ô˵ȻЦ
ˣҶˣû˰ϵɲһŵĻҿҪĲһǰڵ£㻹ȱһϵӵˡ
Ҫ˵˵ҪɩӰһĲ˵СӣҿǸʶ
ЩҲˡ
˵Сһ󼸸£ϾͶʮˣȴûУʱԼġ
֮ǰרźС۹˵ôõһŮɲΪڵ϶¡
ϾϲǣѡҲ̫Сˡ
ûϹ˽⡣֪ôһģҲ˵һ䣬Ǹ˵һģ˸һ֪⡣
֪ȻǸõ쵼׼µǲܵġˣ϶иڡ
ڣһأҲ꣬ڼҲһ˽˽顣
ԣҪһˣǲˡ࿴ɹˣ̴򱨸µȻ׼ˣٿʼܡ
ȫûһ궼Сû׼û꣬˼˶סˡ
ǲˡ
ʵǰǾ۹¶
Ҫ֪ϵСձɶڻ䡣һض²ȥӵĿɲһǺܴһ
ں۳ʲôûУС֪ܹоϵģʼŮΪˡ
˵Ϊ˵ڶС룬ֱܹڵϰңСǲŵġ
ֻЩ˵ģСҲû͡
֮ǰ˵ʱͺߺ߹Ӧš
ԭΪɩӸ̾ˣϾҲ˶þͻȥʱʲô뷨֮ˡ
Сû뵽ɩӾȻʱ˳
Ļʱ˵һ
ԭͲһеֵŮ
֮Сǰչֳ˻õһ棬Ϊˡ
ƽʱЦãô˺Ȼʵϣ˵Ҫܶе㿸סˡ
ˣҲˣ
һţɩӳɩӶ̵Ľ㣬ôЦҰˣһ˿Ц˸ϵأ
˵ţҪſߡ
ϣ˵ˡæȥסһĵǸ
ԲסԲסɩ˵ע⣬Ҵˡ
˻˵ϡ
ת˻⣺Сɱɩ˵ûаŵġҸǸ
ɩ͸㣬ҪʽĶԲбҪûҪҰǰĿ¸㻻ͨİɣʡһעٱˡ
ô˵ɫڻҲٱţʼҪµĿʽ
󲻹ôã˼ߵĲƱмǮ
ɩӣɱˡܰæѾ֡ҸмĶܻǮûǸҾͲ˼æˡ
Ҳ̫˰űǮһΪѡ
࣬ˣȥ֯òϵʱ򲻵ôԶ·úȿˮպøϽ߰ɣôʱ䣬ܰ೤϶Ҫżˡ
ٰǮ˻ֱӽƵ˲档
ٻԻΣҽҲ뿪ˣͷҲûء
ٴֻʣСԼ
ȷʿһʱĲ鷿֮Խ˿ռ䡣
Сȥ˵һðҽŮҩҲͣˡ
ļѾ֤ûκ⣬ЩҩͲٳˡ
ҩֶٺõĲҩԶҲʲô¡
οô˿ʮĿҩӣСڿǸװҩĹӶ̲סθһ鴤
һ춼ٺˡ
Ϊʱ䣬ҩʱ򣬹һûЩƿƿ޹ޣС˵̹
СİǰԼ뷨дֽΪ֪ͽǸĵˣ˵϶ͬ⣬дøϸЩ
һдʱõе㳤
ոսŽ˹ӣûü뿪ȻԿ׿ŵ
Сæ㵽˹ӺӰ
ڵѾ֪ˣͽվ棬ԷҲ
ϰԵĻҪһ㡣
Ͼվڱߣȴȫڣʱܸ߸۾գһµĸоʵǺ֡
СܾԼǸ
뷨ʵ̫ˡ
ϰѡ¹ŷʱ
ϡ
Ÿոչ緹ʱ䣬ﻹ֮ǰ˵ζͽôֻأ
Īǡַʲô£
СվڽɿתͷҲ˼ֵġ
ʱű򿪣˽
˵СҲкóʱûмԼͽˡ
ٴμȻ￴ȥࡣ
üۼҲûһʱĵӣȡ֮ڶȻ¶ź͹ҡ
мģ
ʱüչƺЦϿһ㶼ʲôѣʲô¶
Сŵڷ
ȻͿͽܳķ첽˹


92 
ߵ˹Ӹǰ, Ŵ򿪣Ķ˽ȥ
Сʱע⵽СͽܵﻹһС
Ȼǿ, ߵĿҪ, ҲȻûһ˿Ĳ
СͲһˡ
վڹӱߵ˾ôİ, оܱŤʶľԱ߿һ
ƫƫʱȻڽеʦ
СſھҪش
˲ŷӦæٵסԼ, ŵ
һ̣Ϊͽܿˣ
ʱ˵ˣʦ, Ҳ֪СʦܻСʦãҺ·
Ҳ֪ڹЩ˷˲ã˻㲻ˡ
˵Ҫ·Ļʱ, Сıͱˡǻһ˿, ھҪˣ
С쵰֪Լ˵ʲô
ԴǰЩ깬֮, ϵ¶СӵͿü
˵λСӵĶ˼ĪֵҲҪһ, Դġ
һδ޵ĹŮСӵ·Ҫ𣿣
ʱ˵˺һ仰СԷһ㡣
㻹еӡĬĬ˵
ʦʦóʦĲʲôʵǲҸһС
ʦ, ֪˵õĶһ, 㶫, õϸ޲, ûһ㻨ڡֻõ޻֤ͺ͵ġ
֪㿴֮᲻ϲ
ԣóȥʦʦúòãôҲʦһ⡣
ߴﹾ˵ţȻ󽫰Ž˹
СվԱߣͽԻ˵һеӣĥҲͽܵʲô
Ϊ˻飬ʦͽ䲻ͽҲܸܵϲ
СĥĥȥȻ뵽˽¡
Ǿ䡰Ƕڴ°࡭뵽ԼСͽܡ
ԣҲһƵ͸
ȻԼûǷ˼Ⱥ«ưõ
ôЩһҼڣԶװ֮ǰ˵·
ۿؾصдһŽӣֿ뿪ССԼСݡ
ӷ˷źã﷭˷ŷ־ôЩ֮꣬ǰµЩѾˡ
Ȼ׺ʹƽʱڵϴ󲿷ִĶǴ̭ľɾװ·ȣϴڣЩ·̫ߡ
мҲ˲Сӣؿ滻
椺·Ҳ˲١
֪УЩȫûˡ
СźȻʶһ⡪Щ򲼵Ĵ̫ˣ
˴ʱҪʲô·ʱһЩƽûר
ر˵̫֮ѣǰȫˣ
뵽Դ
ҲÿڼͥǸ˦ƹ񣬷ǮƱÿζŷһϽڴһֶ
ʲôʲô
ʲôʲôȫȨȫܲʡ
ȻɲŹ֡
СڴߣóƽʱŹƷǸľϻӣʼǮƱ
׼һҲɩӰȥһ˰ٻ¥ܲܰæ㲼ܸＸһһ¡
ǰȷӪҶǼƵ·ʲôһļϵҲӴ·
˲˵ǸɽСֶӴ
˼ҺܴҺΪʲôܣǰûͲ˵ˣڼȻˣС;ô˻ҲԼҺӴ
ľϻӣǮƱȫóһ飬Сһ¡
е㲻ŵһ飬ź֪ķ֡ǼһͦǮġ
Ʊݲ㣬ֽǧ飡
뵱Ϊ˼ʮǮϼ̵¶ڻĿתۼ䣬ֱ߾Ȼôࣿ
һ̣СȻһֺܲʵĸо
ʵ룬Ҳ
˵ȷӪʱѾʸˡ
ѴӦŵԽʸҪ󣬳žһʦ뵽һȹ
սʱܹõȹһ˲õ£ټ֮ǰҲûϽŵѾˡ
ŷѾۣ˱Ŀɲʲôٽ
ϽΪһͽָͧԱȷӪҲܹٴԻ͡
׾ҪˣʱһУȥһְŲɣ
Ҳû취ͬΪ¸ɲûҲɡ
ԾͳѹһǸְֻûٶ
һеѧϰ˵
ѧϰûֽӵ˵ɽְĵ
ɽ̫Сˡ
ҲֻܸһӪıƣܸࡣ
˵ѾǵʷʱʵҲǰӪˡ
ɶŸ⡣
ЩһְֱĹʣӪĻ
ŵĹʱͱӪְ˶ʮ飬ټϵһ˹õ־ʮ顣
СԼĹʣ
ôвٵǮ
ƫƫϵĻּ١
ʳʳƷЩƱȯ֮󣬸ò˼ǮһȥģǼһ˲١
ľϻһѻ̵ƱӣСʱӶͦøֱˡ
ڶʱ׼õǮͲƱ˳˵Լ뷨
һ֣õôࣿС·ûô󣬼Ǯˡ·һҲʮ顣
ңСһۣڵҲʺ·Ҫȥҵó￴ûʲôÿĲŪȹӴܱĸʡ
ô˵ԱߵҲͷǣС㣬ڵȹõġҸ˵ǰҼ˴Ǹиȹɺÿˣ㣡
⻰һ˵꣬۾̾ʲôиȹ˵˵ܲó
Уɩţȥֽʣ㿴Ҹ˵ɩӣСģʱᡣⲻǲʵģʹˡ
Сô˵˻
Ƶķǹһۣÿ
ʱ䳤ˣҲǺŵסˡ
˵ģʵﲻҪʲôȹӡ
ȻѾмˣϱӵĺܶϰߣҲô׸ıġ
ͺȴȹӡ
ȻʱҲĽǼÿž졣
ô¶ȣе㲻ϰߡ
졣
˵Ȼ죬ͼӶˣȫһ׼ôӡ
ְѻ˻ȥ
Ǹ˰ɡ
ǾԼԼɣ

ôֹʮ졣ӺóԺúչţûʲô£øɡ
С󣬶ź򡱵ĺ棬ȥ˺üӡ
Ҳָ״̬
Ȼ֪ûеȥʵӣʲô¶Ҳûˣôչˣ˶òڼˡ
޲ָӡ
ͷʱɴһϢӪѲͧҪȥɽų˵˳·ͻȥ׼һ¡
һＸ˷ܵһҹû˯ţʱȦǺڵġͷһ˵ûġ
ôƼ
˵˵ø׼Ķһ㶼١
Ϊ˶ţƫƫС󣬶ˡ
СǮԲ˵ĸһΨһĳѾȥˣһ㸺ûС
Ǯû˻ľ档
۶գġ
ʱֱͳǵרҵɹԱԵģõģҵĶȫˡ
ôǮˮʼʱ˵һ䣺´µ֪ǶԺأ
˵ȦһӾͺˣ֮Ҳʡŵ㻨Ļ
ԣʱÿֻһСȥʱ˾ɣ¬˲ŰǵİӲġ
¬ŶˣֱǰѰٻ¥ˡ
˭֪⻹ꡣ
ŲҽԺһ¬žͿֳͣˡڿǲ⣬ижвֵνʱʱ˵ˡ
ɿЦЦųɩӴȥרõĶ
һ仰˵¬ųױ졣

Ϊǲӣ֪ϱʱ򣬴Ѿˡ
ʱһڸϸɲǿᡣ
ڿƽſڶüŪ۵ʱǼһһ¡
֪ϱѾ˰ֻ֮ǽ̵Աһ䣺ʣµĻԼɡ
Ȼͺƨˡ
һȺȫ̵һôЦ

ڿϱһɲŻ˻ۡ
ȻؾʹһѹѹȥС硣
û뵽²ϱȻøˣ
ΪһֱڷҲţ֮ǰɽɹ΢еڵСѾ׻ָİ𪡣
ټʱԵúã˯㣬ڣмص£˱Ľ޶ˡ
һϸӵиȹ¶˸첲ͽס
ȻȹӵĲϿȥƽƽ棬ƽʱĲһɴϣȴԵñĺÿ
˿ĭֻԼͷ˵ģ޷˼۾ճϱһζβ
ֻʣһ仰ϱˣϱڻˣ
ɵŸʲôæ
һͷܹʱСͿˡ
ԭվ
û뵽Զĵطͣ˽ŲɵһվǶһɵ֡
Ҫ˵ĿⶢͷƤˣȵ켦
Сֻõһۣ
ŷӦ
ٺٵ߹ȥһСű߷ŵаȻתּȻصݸվһԵĴס
ָָİʹʾһ¡
֮ǰһߣһסϱļͷ
С
࣬Щãұȥ˵һ㶼졣
˵ȥѡ
ŵСһֱӴϣң
˵꣬Լֺ˼֡
ôҲû뵽һף
Լؼҵ¶ڻʱʱó߶أ
ҽԺģ˵Ȥ
ںʱ䳤ˣҶˣ
ǣҷ㡣
һƣҲ
ϱ˵Сֽ֣һĻǰ
Լӣס˴ͶϵĿ⡣
ߣΪ֪ЩСһ߰ᶫһ۾û

·ǹʳСһǷ˷֣СͽǸȥˡ
ŵúϱһ¡ܰѻύȥɸæĻҲûˡ
ڽŵļСһҪúչϱּ֮ҴҵĸϻӪ
ϴ֮СԭϢһµģǶûеȵ£Ͼ͸˹
Сôָĺ𣿡
ӦҲǵþˣ֪ûͼҴҵĴҸ˹
ϻǼɫĴΧȹΧȹǰĿڴ˵˺ü֧Ǧʣˮʡ
ϻвī
ûˡø㿴ǲǱߵʱˣ
û˵ʱСȻָӦõĳƺ˵ŻվǰתһȦ
û϶ʱЦ⣬۵׵ĵҲ˼֡
˺ãҪ̫֡ݵĻԽԽԲϿЦ˵
˼ҳСڽľе档
֮ǰ¬ƽڲ˵һҪȫ˵һ顣
Ȼ˵øҰǸľӸˡ
϶ʱһԲŵ˵ʲô
Сû˵ǻݰѴ򿪵ľ˳˼ҵǰ
øҰѺӴˣװĶһҲ


93 
ϽӴ, Ƚдֵֽһ¡
ֻһۣͷһߣȻӲֽ
һЦһ£ǵ, ѹ㲻ʶ
˵֮ٴֽû۾ͷˣһֺܸӵ
СϿëëġ
ʵǱס, ʣø, ⵽ʲô, ֱӸҰɡôе㺦°
ô˵, ̾˿ȻԼԱߵλã˵С, 
֮ǰСվڻ϶λõģô˵Ͻ˹ȥ
д˵ĵֽ, ˵ʿгߵһݱ֤ǰԿ׺, ӦǱԿ׺롣
СһãȻĿȫ˵ʲô, ٴ̾˿
һĺӣûнӴ, ûһҽ̵Щ޵ǵ״̬, ҲֵĶһӡ
ֱ൱ڽһͯɽ, ܱ߻ǻǻơ
С˵, լǱ߻нɹȥ, ӵĺ¡ֻԼһӴ˳, Ȼ滹֪ж鷳ڵ
СȻʻ, ˵Ǹеʲô˼Ϊĵ
ó˼ҳԼ˼󣬾ûпڣһĬĬĵȴ
ֱԼ
ĶҪûв´ĻӦүүְµĺ·Ҳпǽĵơ
СһҪպãԺøκһ˿㾡ԷģһڶԲٸκһᡣ
ʶҲЩˣСûм֮ǰЩµʱҲֻ˻һЩȴûô֣ء
æҲɫĵ˵ͷø׵ġ
˶£ϵɫ㻺һЩ˼Ƭ̣˵ӵĴڣǰ֪
Կ϶һ㣬Ǿǡ
ùöûӣ˵үүµЩûŮķݡ
󲮣һعʱڷǵ뿪Ҳûüһ档
Ҳûл̸ûͬĶҲ֪СýҲһûеġ
ù֪֪ҲȻС֪ӵ¶˵֪үүֵ˶
¶ʱɷ򣬽ޡ
¬˵Ǹ޵͵ԼܵʱûдСùãСùʱûһˡСһ䡣
ϵ˵ͷ
һĨȻ
ҵٶ̫Ҫҵͺˡ
˵⣬Ȧ˺죬ȫ
Сû˵ֻǽ֮ǰķˮǰơһ޷ţ˵ЩҲûʲôˡ
Ϻ˿ˮͣƬ̣Ȼת˻⣺СѧʱѧǶ԰ɣ
С֪ø϶Լεĵ˵ͷѧѾʲôǲˡ
ԭϵѧ
Сطʲôõʦ
ԭûϹڿΣôûãһҲȫʦˡ
˵ֻǼ̳˼䣬Ҫٴ򼸷ۿۡ
ϵ˵ͷȻҲѾ뵽һˡ
ֵ˵дŵĵֽС˵ڱҲ̫ˣ˵̫Ҳס
ܵ˵үүһʿĹҸǴһЩﱣܡ
ȡͱȥһˡȻǲܵġ
˵Ĭһ¡
ЩСҲѾµˡ֮ǰø˵ǽǰ˲á游ǽѧãȹīˮġʱҲ
ԣڷʱֶ֮һӦ浽Ϊյĵطġ
ֻʱӦ벻ĺҪѶȡǼ롣
ʱֲԶʱٴο˿ڡ
СԺÿҶѧϰҪѧҪѧӢȥ˲ԺҲȥˡȥˣĺӡ
һС΢΢¡СԽԽᶨȰ׼áδѣܻܹõõһ죡
ƺǱԼ뷨ˣԼԽ˵Խ͸СԼѧϰʱ䡣
ˣ˵ҪԼָƽ̲ģ֤òʱ䣬ܺ͵
˵ʱ򣬻ϲֹһεĿĶӣ⣬Сθһ󷢽
ùøȻʱûᣬɿӣԼСһҲû׼Ź
˻ϣС˳˼
ѧϰû
˵벻ѧƾռԭ壬һԵɺϵõӣκһС
װʲôпܵ£һҪȥһǸʲôʿְ򿪡
ȻǵҪȥ
ⱲûĻᣬôһ
ӡ
УĺҲһܹ
ֻǴӻҪѧԣС뵽֮ǰǿ龰
ֵףԶ׼ѧУѾˡ
ҵӣȫѧ䡣Сһ㣬Ҳˣ˵Ҳĺӡ
˵׺ʹ󱦡
ڵϻķţѺǸ˵ġ
뵽ˣСԽԽǡ
˻ʱԼ뷨˵
һ꣬ɫʱˡ
ȥѧ
СһʱеûӦ
Ҳͬ⡣
ѵõǰ
˵꣬ҲԼԣʹһĺȰϱҲǲͬȥѧȻӦˣҿ϶˵㻰ֻ㻹źء
СŷӦˡ
Ȼǰĵĸŵ˵ʲôʱҪȥѧͬ⣬СȴûȤ
ǰѾʮˣҲѾ꣬ѾǶʮͷС
ѧϽѾûʲôȤ
˵źӣԼҲͬȥС
ЩⶼˣһӴСҲİ
ңѧأ
˵Ǻӣһۣɲôˣǵö顣
ԼˣϱûҪ뿪˼ŶʱЦտ
ֻҪ㲻ߣ㿴Ű졣ϡΪĻ֣Ҫϱ߲䡣
𿪣ˡ
Сָ˴Դȫûиоһ㣬ǰ˴ա
Ҳٹܣô˵Լ뷨
۵ϵѧĺӲۼУϸ٣ôҲһʮ
ۼҵģɩӼҵģô֮ǰѧ˵㶫ʲôͲ˵ˡ
ۼ⼸һУãѧҲȫˡȥС
ô˵ԭû̫µűҲ
ʶԼȷʵһˡ
Ʊ˼뷨ɿڵĴ󻷾Ҳû˸ҸǼ쵼ᡣ
ʵһϣӵĹһµġǾǲܷΣʲôʱ֪ʶõġ
ѧĻᣬץסûѧĻᣬҲȥϡ
¶Ҹһ£֮ǰû뵽
˵ţ§§СϱԺ󰡣ϵ¶ҲҲٵģʱȷʵעⲻϸҪǷʲôĲԣߺ˵ģһҪҡ
Ŷˣ
˵һֱӣһ˷ܵ˵Си¶˸˵!
ʲô£
¬Ÿ˵Ѿʦ򱨸ˣǵҽ۵ھ˼ϼְҲǧˣֻһ˿϶
¬˵ˣο϶һƵĴȻԺϵĸŮԽԽܸ࣬µӡ
Сһ㶼֪
Ȼ컹Ǻ¬ƽһģǸ˿ڷʼûи͸¶һ֡
˵ⷬҲ˼ˡֻλãν˳
ǵڶ죬СҪ뵺ϹϵļһԶٷ
ſʼڵ壬ɿһ²ӣȰ˼ͺʶȤı졣
˰ȥ֪ͨ˵
ֻڿСеԱʱ˳ǡ
ǸԺ󵥶ɡ
ΪʲôСһȡ
ȷӪģ۳Էʲ
ǣҪα룬̽ʵ
ǲССһھܾ
γУ顣ͳԷ󣿾˼ҹﲻƽϣҲȥ
û취ˡ¶һЦ
̸¾Ͳˣ˼ҲǴҶղġ
ڷǰŪһϳԷ
Щһֳɶ֣
žડ
ǦʴС˵ϣ˼Ȧ档
ʵ̫ھȣ˼
˵ʲô˭̸󣿡
ĸ硣

͵ջǻ
ĵ֤˵ǼһԲ
˵߷һȥ⼸ҲҪһȥǺӺú̸̸ġ
СĬĬĽԼδǴĺþƣóһƿŵԷȺ˺ٸȵ
еģǸζ
˶иΪɡ
֮ǰĽڣĵλȻǲϤҪҪöࡣ
Ȼ˵֮ǰЩ֮СҲ¶ܳɲˡ
ڣȻ֪Ľﻹеܡ
ΪͷС˴󹦷
Դӻкþûˡ
⼸´ܸɵĻˣﲻû
лˣúøһΡ
ֽдд˰죬ȷһһʳ
˷ֱǴ״㣬ˮ⣬ѳնƤȻС
ǶϴĴͷ
˵ǰͷȻȫŰ棬ֻΪСף԰ıȻȴߴ°ҪϺܶ࣬ɫҲǳϺܶࡣ
Գ䵱һ°ɣû˭顣
˵óǼС̶ʱû˵һʿˮ
Сʱףˣ϶ûˡ
ˣǼӲˡ
ûȴ󱦺Ͷ椿ڣס·ӣǸˮ⣬𣿡
Сһ仰˵꣬͸Ͻı죬ȻСٴ̿ˮ
һЦ
ͬʱҲ£ְ
ִ⣬ô󣬷ʱôǲǲģһ˵
˵񫣬ֱȻţڿбһȦ޲ðԸȦȥ
ȥȥȥôһ⡭ҪôһⶼȫӪһˡ
ײͷһ䡣
˵꣬ٴתͷ۰Ͱ͵ĿСǴɣ
ϳһʵ̫ˡ
رֵȵʱзų˵Ŀ̫˭Ҳ᲻ðա
Ա˵ӣ뵺ģϵ˶þûгԹˡ
СλȷʵһΪܴ⣬ܰ೤ҲǴ¡
ȽȫĨһ飬רŷһ̳ܷ⡣⻹㣬ר˸Ͱ˾ðͰ͹޶ͧҪæϺˮݽȥ
֮ΪܰͷҲǲġ
ʱ¬ƽɵˣ˰һ仰˵
ҲЦУֱ˵Ҫΰ೤ķʽ⣬Ʋϵ˵һŰߺ
㲻֪첻Ǹ޶ʯͷǶ𣿡С˴һۣЦ
׶ʱˡ
һ´ͽȥǹݺˮʱҲû룬ΪʲôҪݷĸɻء
ţ⣿⣿
ŬĻָУǸ
ɵʱʵûģûӡˡ
۾๾תתҸʲôɺȥһۣС˵ĥˣȥû
ϣǰδеʹ쾢Ӧ
˵ͷɱȥǽŵ¸˵һ
⣬Ķðˡ
֮Ҫô㣬Ϊһ紶°͹ÿһһŮ˵ôȥͷĺܡ
ѣЩǲ԰ӾУ÷¶ʹ˵һ˵ؾֱӴ
ΪҪ͵ʱѾˣûĥкҲûа취ûƶȥ˰æĥ
ԣСֻø˶һŶƱһëǮȥĥһֳɵĻ
Ϊ˻ʱӲͣĥǱÿҲһֻöȥӹһ㡣
϶ǹ˲ˡ
󱦶Ľʰɾһг˿һûٸɣﾢҲࡣ
Ѵʰãô˷Ը͹ɵ˼ͷȥԺ˸⣬Сһﻹļ̌˼úӣСֶһ¯ӳ
öӣУС͵Ľһкõķ
ôСʱú˵ġ
úҲҺʹ׸һģ͵úеģ㿴еĶö룡
Сһеķúӣٿһһ˫۾ĶӣֻҲûб¸õˡ
кӵעȫȥˣǲ֪Щ棬Сǲɱﵵġ
ǾȻС
˵µС֪Ȼֶ˵ʱΪҲʶˣˡ
ִûгԹһ²θ˲ʳ
ܻΪеԵʣڣڵرϲһЩζŨĲˡ
Ǹմ˭֪˴СĶʱҲûбҪ̫˼ɣԽСѡļ˶رζġ
˹⿴˲ʳ
ϵĺܿ죬ͷҲǳ󣬳ɺСҪֲֻõһ
Ϊ˶࣬˵ֶǣһСǳŵһʮƤȫгɰָСĿװ˸רͷõǸ裬һ衣
Ŷ࣬СԺͲӶˡ
ҳԷˣɽСֶӵȺÿ˶һ
֮ǰǽժˮĻЩСһģ˵ĺףɴ״ͷ
ʱ򣬴׻æժˮĻǵϡ
ǻ˵򵥣ÿҲҪܺöɽ·ػذܶΡҪǣҪӦ°һˮĲһСĿ
ȺģҲ֮ǰÿɻġ
뿪оͼӴ˱ĺӵĹ
ɴͷβ⺢ӣҳҲûһֵ顢ˣ֪ϲâ֮󣬻ժܶΡ
Ȼ˵С¶ҲһȺСӣ飬С졣
ĩжͬʱհˮˮտŽȥƬ̺̳ˮ
֮ͽˮŽȥС壬ֱ嵽ýƣ߽е㽹ģ̳
ùʣµĵͷĩƵŽȥ
ԼȻۺۣһΡ
ûʢ˱ǵζѾܳȥԶ
ŵôܵ÷ɿ죬ط䳶һҪ´
СＫˡ
ˣҰ˳ȥ˵ţѾʢһСֽݸ˶ӡ
ûнֹһʱ佫ΨһĴڹصʵʵ
Ȼ˵ҪҸӣⴰùءζ̫ˣ
˵žҪŵӹȥ·϶
ˣֻһˣİ˵ʱٶ¡ЩóȥСֶӵ˷ˡ
Сεĵ˶һֽۣʢһ衣
󱦾ȼˣе㲻ԼĶ䡣
˵˭
ֶӳͬ־¡óȥ·ˣһ˷ּǰãʱֲٴСû˵
۾ȴЦ⡣
󱦡ŶһɱȴԴе㲻š
ӹһź֪ķӦ˹ʵɶˣôô㣿
һ֪СһղŵζͷȥȡˣϸƷһ¶ûü
ڷζˡ
˵һ˵һ۾Ա߷ŵһ裬Ȼ־һŽ
˻һڳֱ
ǸȴĻţһ׼κ˶ֺӣ
ͺȿˮζԵù𣿡
СԱŵˮﵹ˱ˮ󱦣Ȼʵ
Ѿȫûгζסˣ
ˮ˲Ͻˡ
ԵùߣóԣԼܳһ裡
˵ţֳԱǸ֡
ٳϱ˾Ͳóˣ
СҪȥ֡˵ŻԼȴûסһ˶
ˣϽȥɣ椻ˣɾòȥˡ
仰һ˵һ£Ȼջȥ֣ܡ
ڼӣѾʼԴԾӣ̫ȺСˡ
䳤Ҳ̫ȥЩСһ衣
Ǹʱ䣬ɸŴȥ԰ֲˣźЩССѼ
ֻд󱦣ٲȻѾȺӵͷԡϴԾӡ
ƫƫСѾͷԴӿʼæֱĿȾѾԽԽйܼŵļƣĶ÷ǳ
ٸ˵ʲôöǿɺŪȥˣ϶һۡ
ҪǸôһĺóԵģȥġ¡֣׷ȥأðѶ׷
뵽СеЦԷǡùŮߵ̫ܻʲô֢
ƫƫ˵ܲ٣ܲٵ
󱦶ûܳȥѾŶˡ
һԺžͳ˳ӣȻС¶һЦ
㣡ʲôóԵˣ
СȻģҲһ˹Ů
СŮһҧȥʱҸ۾
ɾСҪζզʱ򣬶ȴȻԲ۾ָʣҸղǲǱһһˣ͵ۼҳԵģ
˵꣬СѾͷһػŤͷſڳ塣


94 
СæһѰѹŮס
˵˵, ԼôóȥЩСԵģ⡣
˼ɶȻ̵ܹƿ
ĻûʹҲȻܲˬ
վ˰, Ȼһ, ʣµһȻߡ
߻ߺһ, ˵󱦽, Ҳһˣ
Сεüġ
װû͹ͷһŽ˹
ˮ򵥵ġ
˵˾ǰˮС
˴нʲôζ϶÷ţҪⱾ
֮, óкƬպλպϳԶС
ǰ, ĳԷСһ޷ܵģֲܴڡ
ͱϵĵڶ, ɼĲ֪Ҫô֣һר̸˹ȥ
г˰ĴƬӣһСĩ, 飬ͣ͵Ľϡ
ϡϡһ˿档
ԼģеϸϸСкˡ
Сڻǵ, ǶٷԵж
ر, һҧȥʱУǰٺõĶҲûиܹġ
СŻ, ˾̳, ǧˡ
Ȼһ
ȻСھ״̬ͦõ, ɻż᷸
ڲǹŮСӣһˣҲָˡ
ż͵Ҳûʲôɵĵġ
һ˯ṳ́ʵ˯ѲŷѾĵˡ
æӴȻŵһɼиͷŨζ
̲סһȻͷ
֪Ǵæˡ
СЬ߳ӣ
һԺͿǿӻлӶԺӽҬӡ
߷һ裬ʢ˰ϪˮһǸմģ֡
һߵһСʸǰСİҿҬһùϻźüϴɾ˵Ĺͷƿ
ƽҪȵˡ
СһѾýҪһٵ׼ˡ
Сûйǣת˳
һžͿʹŰõͷʰ
ڣôʲôϽȥһˡ
Сȥһߵˮ账ϴϴ֣ЦŹȥæ
Ķôˡɩӣǰҵ˶ء
ô˵ҲЦˣɶˣŸպãɰɡñʲôǿ
˵죬е㲻˵ּ߶
Ҫ˵ϹڣʱʲôͰȺ˭ǷǵóٷģСҲ㣡ҪеɶҿͿȥɣ
֪ǺģСҲӻɴôһ
ղųݵʱһ۶椲ڿȻԼͷЦ˰졣
СŮǸȫûȵġ
ΪԼô߾û˹ˣڵĴ󱦵ñһͷ
СղųʱֻʣһˣͺСҲǸ쵰
Ϊô̫ᷢ쭣Сġ͵Ȼ󻹲Щָ°˰ڣ֧
ôţȥа衣
ɹÿ˼һҲͲʣʲôˡ
ôܻӭҵСӶϧաС֮ǰû뵽ġ
ȻǶСһǵʳɣ׼ټһˡ
ףȥ˵ժƹϻˡ
СһվԱߣȵǴˮ̳Сӣ˵
öȥɣҲûɶ¡ҰըĨһѶͷϵĺȴûжѡ
ȥȥûأڴ׵ļһѣЦ
ȥҰѴըˡͷҲء
ˣԼȥժɡСɶ㲻Ͻߣתͷ
СЦЦû֨
֪Ǵأ
СҲǲڳţȥ
Ȼӵݺ͵졣
һСԺţһȥ˴·Ǳת
һΪմǻһ٣ǵӦһ¡ǴӼġ
æӭ˹ֽӹӣ˳ס֡
Ҫȥ˵أСҺһȥЦе˵
С
ȻҲ֪Ů̸¶һ£ûȷϵ֮ǰ϶˵
һ뵽̶ܳȣϢԼȻҪ˵Ŀ֪еСʹ졣
⸱ӣȻô£ʱҲе㲻˼ˡ
˻Сĸ첲ǲ֪ˣ
֪ʲôˣСһۡ
ǣǡһӾͺˡ
ӣСһû뵽¶ҵôӱ֪
ô˵ʱˡ
ʹ˻ҲǹҪ㡣ѽ֮ǰûãҲû׼ôȷϵûõ¶ô˵
⻰Сɵü
Ī˲Ըģ
мʲô˵飿
뵽ıҲ
ɵͣ˽Ų
ס֣վ档
۾˵⻰ԣ֮䵽ô£
ȻԲ˵Ҳʡ
ԼܺͿǴ¶һҪ
ɲΪЩԭϡͿİԼˡ
ô˵գգ۾ĿȫǸж
СظЩͷǵļϲ˲䡣
Ȼ˵СҶ˼İɣҺ֮ûЩ߰ԭ򡣡
ͨ˵С֪ԭǰǹѧҵָһĿ顣
ȻǻĹʵǹǵĸȴġ
ڳ겻ڼңֶǳѧʵġˣͨȫڿ֡
ôЩ꣬˵ʵһֱչ˵ġ
֮ǰûϵ֮ǰÿ¸Ѽѵ¶̽׼ٵʱ򣬶ƸԶ·ȥ￴㶫͹ȥ
ԣܾǰʶˡ
ֻʱѧҲûб˼
˭Ҳû뵽˵֮˻ټĻᡣ
ȻͳˣͤͤСʦãĪͶġ
ǹӱϲԼĺҲʲôҾôദ˫֪֪ס
ƷǼӶǳ˽⡣
ڷԼŮкø֮ǹ򸾸˼ˡ
ڣ뾡취Ӹִϡ
һǿǾ
˭
ǿǵ˵
Сһûʲôˡ
ڣĶ仹徲ʱ
˵ħɣҲȽֶһ
л֮£û칦ܰǰʮÿһ죬˽ĸһƵġ
֮ǰû̸Ҳûϲʲôˡ
ôһ߶룬ټ˴ĺãܵǻĸо
Ҫ˵һ㲻Ȼǲܡ
뿪ɽ֮ǰȷʵ̸ˡ
ʽʱӦˡ
ֻ˵һеҽԺ˵
ʱʵĲе㵣ĵġһʲôãܰ˼ˡ
ȻҲʲô˵Ҫ̹˹ϵϴ鱨棬󵱳ܾ
һɳ£ʱ͸Լһе˵ٴ֮ǰ˭Ҳܶ͸¶һ䣬Ȼ͸һϣҲˡ
֮ҲʹӦˡ
ΪһԼûаǵĹϵκˣҲС
ôҲû뵽ǣո뿪û죬ǹʵҳʱΪ̫ƣһӴ¥ϹȥŤˡ
Ť÷ǳء
һٽҪȫԴһܶ֡
ԭͲãæ
ϰһԴʱ˶ɵˡ
źˡ
Ĳ˵һϲ˵ˣǰæ̧ӣԼŪ
ǶʱסǼңʮСʱʦġ
ԺȫͷСԴȥġ
ˣźͬʱûе
Ϊ⣬ʱɸǹ
Ƕʱ䣬֮ܶǰӦǹ£ҲΪǹʵʩġ
ǹ˭
רǰĹǸɡЩһģ
Լ׵ӣڻ׵һźţΪҲûٰʦ
һ߶ʦﻹøʦĻæýŲմء
ǹڴһܣһûݣһȦ
Щû׸ɣҲûװ
ǹϰ֮󣬾ͷβһûᣬǹӣҲȫȻĽǼŮˡ
ⷬ˵Сû֨
ﵽôģȷԼҪ޸Ҫ֪
С˼ܴ˼мҲܺ͸Ϊһ̸
ǱˣСô˵
ϣ˴ɩӣ׽ѡ
һСûѡʱѾ֤ˡ
ɼˣʱҲûҪһԼԸ˹һӡ
˺ˣҲûκιϵ
ھ໥˽⣬໥ϲ֮ˮɵ顣
һʱ򣬸ˡ
ాô꣬ԼϽ׬Ǯ󲻹һԼܹԼ
˲ٿء
ԣϣôľ֮ǰܹҲΪԼԸ⣬ΪڵĸԤ
Ҿü޸Ҳͦõġҡų
ͷе㺦ߵ˵
һ仰˵̱꣬ͨ졣
ųϲˡ
Сˮ۾΢΢ĴǣСﻰڷġ

ժƹѾҪ㣬ҲҪʼʽˡ
ȻʹѾ׼Ķ׼ĲˣҪףС³
ڽҪЩѶȲߣһ峴ըȵ°ŴЩĿ˵ҵʱЩ˶Ѿ
δһררõǸ䡣
ȻϴеɴƽʱҲϤȻһҡ
رС˵̫ΣƷǵһΣȫڴˡ
ɼ˼׼ڿôһӲ˵ʱ򣬻һ¡
ŵ۾
һ£ҿǲΡ
˵ţ潫Լĸ첲쵽ĸǰ
⺩ģֻԱߵļˣЦ
Ц֮˼ժ۾˲Цᡣ
Ÿ̾жûôˣϴһԷӦûȥ¶ɣоһ
ǰ˵ϴγԷ֮ǰȷӪԵЩҲһأҲŸ̾һ䡣
ԣԣ
ͣһ˵ǶտˡǸȱ򺡭ҵ죬һӶûˡ
пϹϡ
кʸ
ڹصʱ̫λҲѹֵĺˡ˿˵ǰȻ̸ˡ
һӵˣĻҲ˵һһģĵòֺ
ӱϵˣź壬Ǵ࣬ǵһЩµġ
ǰûл˵̸Ҳȫ˵
û˭˵ͷ˵¡
Աýζ˵˴ʱʱĻŸ䡣
ûЩ䰡
ʼʱ˶еִٵġɵɵЩ̸£ܾǾˣе롣
ƫƫЩ̸ǳԵİ
ȫ֮ǰûԹûû˵ĺóԵģ
ǣ֪ȫԡ
ɩüɫ裬˵ȻĸҽСôץʱ˶ûסȫ
أأǺóСʲôɩ𣿡
˻ˣҼǵҰְǰ˵˵ԹһˣжɩӣǸǲǾСץ

ڵҲûľȫȫͶ֮󣬾Ȼ⼸˻
ֻ޲ʱ⵹
Ļʲô취ҲȥһȷӪСϰ
󣿡
ŮĻЦһۣʲôҿɲ֪
ǲ˵ǸʲôҲӪ
˼СǸ֪˵ģôһʻųԲ𣿷㣡
ʵĺóԣС˵ˣҪŵŻһԡ
һ仰ѧС˵ġ
ֻ֣ѧСģ˹ѧĲ
ôҶ̲סŹЦ
Ҳһɵ֡
ƫƫһ㶼û׼ŹȴҶЦòʱ򣬻ֵ٩һ䣺ӪϱɣǲǷٶΣԵҲģ
˵ʵŻ治֪¶
Сûǰ
ΪȢһ̫ӵţЩ꣬Щ£һ㶼ûģȫһ˦ƹ
Сʲôͳʲô
СķʲôǸͷӣµһζ
Ҫʲôʲô㣬ȷʵȫûһӡ
ûӡ󣬴ɩһһС˵ġ
룬ŶԼƮˡ
ҪǲдǸñס
ֱӷ죡
룬ڴ׷һ֮˲еǱסҲŹЦ
ЦһԵõĴ˵óԣֻҪСģһγҲġ
Сʹ׶Žͷˡ
Ǹղڳõ»һ¹
󣬳гһָĴƬӣһһС̡
һ˶һ⣬Сȵƺõպ˹
ƿţ˾ôڣ磬ܰ˲޵İˮʱǡľ˵һ仰
Сһ٣һʱеûӦ˵ʲô
ʲôͳҲˣ
ѯʣ۽ǵͿԱߵĴ׺εĳһ˸ۣСֹһ䣺ˡ
׵
ƫƫڴ̸Ц˵źóԵʱһŨ㣬˾ôŴ̶Ȼ˺޷ǰ
ǰȺôܲ裡
Ⱑ⣡ûԣ˵⣡
˵˶վ
ȫĿɿڴضŵӡ
һ±ѻȸ
ǣ׵ǾСֹô˵Ķ
׶ʱɵˡ
СҲĳãһûסһЦ


95 
ٷ˵, ˶Ե㡣
ڷˣһδ˭Ҳߡ
Ǿ˼ҳ
ϿһۣȻЦ, ʣǵı, ûУ
һ, ȻŷӦ˹˿Цҡҡͷ¶ǽ̵Ա, , û˸ǵݽ鱨档
ҲЦŲһ䣺, Ҳû
һһ͵, ʱ˵˸Щ˶û, Ͷû͡
Ա߿ȥˣЦ§ļ򣬶Ӫ, ̵Ա, ɩƤ, ǿɱô˵ˡⲻǸջûϰҸ˵ˣɩһȥӪı档
ɩһ, ʱһЦ
ǳһ첼, æԼϵ֣һĹȥ
˭ɩӣ죡
Ҳ, ٺٵЦͣԽЦԽЦСöҪվˡ
Сһס
Ȼһۣ, ٶˡ
ͷ, ȴǿƲסЦԿó, ɩӣǴϲ
Сסߣʵ׼ʲôʱ飿סĶ
ʱ˽鶼򵥣ûʲôʽ
ǽ鵱°֮ҵ·㻨ʲôġҪи쵼˵仰ѾǺӵˡ
ԣʲôʱ飬סĶһҪ¡
СôʣҵĿⶼת󣬻ϸֱʵǻ󻹺һסɣ
޵ǱˣܻҲôʡǹ򸾵Ĺϵʲôϵ⡣
ǷסǼڣûб˴š
ĿǰȴǺͳ¹סһġ
ô򵥵ķȻȥֱסķ䡣
˭ڣʡʡ¶
ôҶû뵽ǣȴҡҡͷ
ҺˣʱҰᵽǸȥҲ¹к¹˵û⡣
Ҿ¶˲͵ҰϻʱҪӰࡣ
ǵ˯߶ãһ˼ӰһҲû˯ҰȥˣͿ԰ǸڳΪ鷿ǼӰȥǼӣһҲܺúõϢ
ô˵Ȼĵ˵ͷ
Թȵˣʧ߿˵Χÿһ˵Ĵ⡣
رǹʱ˼̫̫࣬˷ܵ״̬£Ǻܰ£˯ѡ˵Ա߻˿ŵæˡ
ʱһĻʵ̫Ҫˡ
רĸ߹ǣ˵ͶŮһסҲֻǹһңǰȷʵǺ⡣
𣬻ϵһ޳ɡ
ȥҲáȥҲܻˡ
ʱȴ
СͬˣǣԺҪǻȥסˣô죿
⻰˵Ļһ¡
СµĺӣСµĺӲǸүүס𣿡
С֪С¾ǳ¹Ҳǳʶĸס
һۣλ¶ã֪Ҳ˽
Ͻ䡣
¹ĺǰȷʵǸųʦסģ˵ʱҲȥ¹ס졣
ƺҲְ֣ͷܰɣ
ʦͳ¹ΪںӲŲʣ˸ǮʲôҲܡ
ûоһ׵β˵ĸһ˲ûӸĥ¶һ
˼ҶӳʧˣҪ뵺Ȱ
Ϊ˻ר໻˹ĵɽȥ䡣
˼ҸǿǼԺ󼸺ͺͳ¹ûҲӳһסְᣬסһ
˵Ͷ¹ģӦסһ׷
ֳ˭ҲûҪ˻ȥס
û취˵
һᣬ¹׷ջһ룬ǵͰ˵רŸʦǸ䡣
Щ¹ûġ
Ǹˣһѧʸоˡ
ѧʣܱߵʵĮĺܡ
ǰ޶ĸڶԸףӡθڸ顣
Ǯû⡣ÿµĹʷһֲȫ߶ԡ
ҪȥѰҰ߸飬ǿɾͱҪǮ̫ˡ
ԣװȥҲãҲã˵û̫
Щ£Ӵٵ˲֪Ϊסһ˽ġ
˿С˵ǺҲְ֡һӾЦˡ
ʲôСְְС˵ˡ
˵˿ˣһ£ƺеԼ̫ˡ
룬ǽ͵Ҳڱ˵˼һʵҪ˵¶ҲֲñˣҸ̫ˡ
ô˵Ҷּˣ׷ɻ۹⿴
ҧҧ´ֿһۣȻһƹˤ˵Ȼ˵ˣҲˡҸ֮϶Ҳ֪ҪҸˣƤʵ̫ˣ͸㲻
ţ˵µľ
ԭ𿴳¹ƽʱԼļ˶ôӴʵϣһѡ
ʮ䣬׳ꡣţȻӣڱϵš
үԼйʣͷӲǼƣ˵ڲܣԺһСҲûҪӵļơ
ʸߣûꡭֵڵϸŮϡٵ£Ҳһܲѡ
ûþͱϰľС֦ˡ
С֦䲻ҲǶʮꡣʿɷڳʱˡ
˵ӦŸϼҵģøϵо
֮ǰϼҵʱ֪Աͱμ˿ˣȻͱѡɽ
С֦˵ûжþͿϳ¹ˡ¹ϻͽ˳ʶϡ
ʦȻ˫̥ÿ󲿷ʱ䶼ɽϡʱҲ͸˷ƱǵʳóԷ
¹ǹ˲
ԣ˫̥ǵû˹ܵӡʶõ㣬ÿŴȥժӣӪͣôе¶ɡͳɢˡ
С֦΢ʾһøУȻ׽˺ܶࡣ
ΪŸţȥ¹ĴͦġȻÿȥϰʱ䣬¹ҸǶڣѾͷҲû˵ʲô¹ҲûС֦;ͳ¹пˡ
˵ƲƲ졣
ҹţҸߣøȥڵطԺӹȥǵ˯
¹ˣһæʱżңᶼءŶȥ
С֦壬ÿγҪߣǶ֣ʶû취㡣һҸʵǿȥˣȥݡ
ݲŸߵʹ˯棬˯档
ôŪһϣԺ¹˵˵ҪôԿףҪôͺ˵ʲôʱ
˯ˣڸȥҸǶǾߡ
˵⣬߬߬ȭͷ
ҶҸΪ³üˣҲҳ¹˵ûá¹СҲûáԿҲȥҸ磬ݾͲߡ
ǲ᲻翪ţС̲סʳ
ֱ̫˼ˣȲ˵ûǱĸ׸׻ˣ
Ȼ̣ǵΪʲôҪǣ
ⲻ
ҪȻҺҸ糳أ̧֣ġɿӱϵˣڨڨ
ԼʹһƣǸˣƤܲСޡǸ޹޵ģְŸˡ
˵תͷ󣺡ɩҸ˵㽫ɲҸ磬ǸӾ͵и˹Ȼ֪ܸɳɶ붼벻أ
һ˵ɫҲòÿ
ȥǸС̸̸֦ŵһվ
忴˿Ͼȳ˰֡
ܣҲܲˡʲô֤֤ǸŮĸɵģôȥҳ˼̸
Ȱڡ¶ãôܷİѹ
⻰һ˵˶ͬ
ڳ¹һ˼ѧʣˣ˵Ķǰ״
˵϶ˡ


96 
֪ϵǸ¹˵ʲô
֪Ǹͨµĳ¹ְС֦Լȥ̸ʲô
һĹ, ¶ִˡ
С֦ܵӪҵź壬ҪӪ˵Ҫ¹Ĵֱ˵۸Ůͬ־, Ůԡ
ñʵ̫, ϵ˶˽¹Ǹԡ
е, ŮģֻҪû, ֲ׵, ׶Ů, һٴ, ῴһۡ
Ĳ˵, ſǵϵһְɣ
׷ŻǮǶʱ䣬˺˵ĴʮΡ
ʲôͷǸǸûС
۸Ůͬ־, ŮԣŮûǣ
, С֦ô, һֶŵġ
ɲŲţС֦ϾӪľ۸, ҵ֯, ҪѰ֯İӪǽ̵ԱûӲ
ʵڲͷȥЩ߰, ͺܲε˸ˡ
壬ֻʹȰǸŮ˸סȻԼܵרǱȥ˽
, Ҳˡ
Ȼ֮ǰֻŻ¹, û׼ôšڹôæ, ҪΪЩ¶Ӱ칤ҪĿǰɽרˡ
ȥѳ¹ҹ˵ô¡
˵С֦ܵӪȥѰ֯ҪԼĴֱ¹ıԳƵǧ򻯡
ȻôҲû뵽ġ
˵֮ǰڼȷʵǸŮ˼ΣÿԼҲһ
¹˵ĳΪסᣬ֮ǰû뿪ûг
¹ΪӳԲʳã뿪Сϵûգ˰æԲûָֹǮƱȥõģóԵġ
ó¹Ļ˵ܹҲû˼Σ컪̸ʲô֪
˻ϵĻȷʵȥС֦ҲֻǸ˵ԺȥԼˡ
˵ǰǼθǮƱûĶûˣϣԺԼҵԶһ㣬ñٴ򽻵ˡ
֮⣬¹˵˵ЩˣҲûиС֦˵֡
ô˵üͷ
ǰǰһǸС֦Ǯ
¹룺ʮ飿жʮƱ
壺
ϣ
ô˼ܲ㵱ͷף
վȥ
ѵõĵԼ˵ػ
¹ɫúΣԭص̤ŲһŷӦ壬ʵǸʲô𣿡
ֻһ֪ۡԼˣԼʲôûס
˴򽻵ƵҲ֪Ҫ˵ʲôˡ
ĳ¹˰֣ˣȥæɣʣµ
˵꣬Ҳú˵ʲôϻԴר뿪ˡ
ʱѾ緹ʱ䣬ӪǱ߶˼ϵĺ
һ뵽ǸС֦пܻӪϢһᡣɴ˸䣬ֱӻ˼ҡ
ƿţȴּһ˶ûС
ʵ̫Ѱ붼ģң̨ϵǸСţȥҡ
û뵽ǣһƿԺžͿԺ֧ǸСӱߡ
ϷӲˣһСͷ
ǰһС룬һСƱ˿šһ׾ƿƿǡ
ĳԼͷҪðˣ
ΪôƨܣĵҪ
С͵˵Ȼܻؼˣ
̵ĺ˾ƣ
û˵߹ȥŵƨɾһš
һߵеأûһСϵȥ
Ҳֹȥľƿӡ
ŵҲ˲ƨˣվͶ᣺磬磬Ҹ㵹
ɾ˵򣬾ƿѾ
彫ƿ˻Σһ㶡
һ£ŵֻ˻Ρ
ӣ
ˣٻҲûжġʱ򣬺ʣµġ
ԭС쵰ѻ˵ʹˡ˭֪Ȼôܺȣ
ʹˣҲꡣ
ҪյĿ죬һƿӶԼ꣡
ô˵̲סһ
ȣүү궼ǾܺȾƵġ˵ʲôƣƿǺһڶ˵֣أص㡣ͥģľƣ
һͼˣզ˵
Ҳ֪ҪȥȾƣ

˵ţ
أ忴˿Χ
ȥǶˡС˵ղſĻˣΪС֦¶ʹźȥ˵ȥˡ
ϱҹŮȥ˵ˣ˵ժƹϣɶĸүӰܻܰ𡣡
˵ſٺһ֣ҿƢҲ̫áզҲˣ
ôʣֲ˳ˣһѸղŵ¶ȫ˵һ顣
˵꣬ץǰĿձѾƿʣǿھȫ˽ȥȻһ
۵ֱ顣
룬ղԼԼˣҲʵе㲻ߵԹ˻ȥ
ȥ˸壬ԼһسϹԿڲˣС˵Ҳǰܻġ
ûǿӲ˳ˡųѯʣ¶׼զ죿
⻹룿ͷ¬Ŵ绰ǸС֦˻ȥžǻǹģ¼أ㿴ɣߣ½ˣָٸŪһ
ʵҲ뷨
ڳ¹˵֮ǰȻ֮С֦˵ЩϵǴҲеã¹ܶ˼Ůͬ־ŵʲôˡ
Ȼ˼ƾʲôͷܣӣ
˳¹Ļһ뷨ǡԾɣ
Ǿʵ˺۸쵼Ⱥڵѹó¹
û׼Ǹһӷ͸ɴȢˡ
뵽һ˿ġ
Ů˵̴Ŀ澫
¹ᣬһ㲻ˣҪһϵܵӡơ
ȻܵӪٵĸ¹ôһñӣҪ쵼ʩѹ
˫£Գ¹ӣû˰Ϊ˲¶ִΪר飬ĿܾôűӰǸС֦Ȣˡ
Ҫڱĵطû׼»ܳˡϾ˭Ҳ˵Ρ˵ôһϼ쵼ô룬϶øվһ߶
¹ʸߣλôأ˵ҲǸ֪ʶӡ֪ʶڲ㡣
۳ɷ֣˵Ļûء
С֦ǧ㣬ȴ©һ¡
ǾŶⱻˡɽԳһ֣ڻ˵㣡
У绰Ҵȥ¬˵˲
ֻǣ˵巳üģֻ¼ҵ˫̥ҲǸ鷳¶رǸҿˣΪ˵Сˣ׵ܳ
ǸʶҲǸģһϣԼأˣ
Ӫûѹû
ֻЦŰ˵
˵꣬ŰָһӲˣȰοˣСƨİɣСӵĺҲ쵽ͷˡ


97 
ô˵, ̧ͷԴɻ󣺡ʲôǵĺӵͷˣɶ˼
Цˡ
, һͺͿˣ۲Ǻų˵ҪѧУ¶, ųҲӦ
ʦһ, ЩС쵰ǶȦǾ, Ҳûˡֳ۶Ҳûôס
רŸʦһ£رЩ賤æܲס, Ƕٲ, ҲָȺСһɶɾͣƽƽ, ¾С
ŵĻҲЦˡ
, 㲻һ¶ˣ˵û, ҽ绰͵øų˵ҪҸḻ, ҸŻסǵġ
, УųܲŪʦ˭ץȥһٵģ
զأ˵ʦ͸ǲ˵İײһ, 
ű˵ֱ, Ҳûľ˻ȥ
ҲЦ
Цһ̾˿ҲǱճµһġ˵ǳʦǶ¶һ, զôһ, ôһأ
Ｋϧ
ô˵, ҲЦһƹ
ȥ֮ſ˵ҲûԹʦ
׻˵ף˳¹һӣʦĿ϶͸ˡе˼϶ˡ
˵ۼԼŮôί
еô󣬿ȥжףʵۡ
رǸŮޣûһ˸ĥʲôˡ
Ǽ˿ܾʶкҪ̫°ѳ¹Ǽˣõ㡣СǾûˡ
ûҺͳʦһȥӺӵʱСǱʶġ·߲ˣݵø첲ȶֻʣһѹͷƵġ
аֻ֣ۣ˵ľûС
Щ꣬Ҫ粻ҪĻţǹŮٴˡ
ʦôǿһӣڿ˫̥ʱҲǿ޵ؽУǶקק
𾪵Ӷ˸飬ôڰУһűһ仰⣬զû˵أ
Żʱ¶Ҳܡ
ϺһѣǿЦЦզ˵˼ҳ¼ҵļ£ǲᣬͺࣿ
԰𿴳ʦʶ׵ĺܣʹһ١
һָͷû
ػǺ˵һϳ¼ҿǺˡ
զ죿һ˵զۻСӾأ
Ƕ˫̥ʱʵͷˡ
ʶȻҲݣһǶģ廹ݵľͲˡ
ʱΪ˫̥϶һǿһѾͷ̥Ӫøˡ
ȴû뵽ԭôһ¡
֮ǰСѾͷᷳˣֵôһ˵Ȼ־⺢е
СʱŰ̫ˣԲŻκһͼĶŹ
ټϣӦǷǹ۵ʱ򣬲û˸ʲôǶԵģʲôǲԵġӿԼıܣһжԼĶ߬
뵽ʱԼ֮ǰ˵ǺӵĻеһڡ
ķ˿ӣţУ۱취ӻС뷨
զҲ׵ܵˣСӸܵˣ׵أĶֵõۣҪ˵Ȱɡ
䣿е㲻⡣
ǣ䡣ŵ˵ͷ
Ȼӵ¶Ѿǰˣ˿𣬾˵Լ뷨
ǳ¹ǳʦ˶ָϡ¹˾Ͳ˵ˣʦڽӷҲСȻҲ¹֡
ɤﹾһ£û˵
廹ˣ˵¹ǹ̥š
˳ǣûӻż˵
ţӰľǶ
ҹţ֮ǰʦӦû뵽ֳ۶ӡ
һ㿴ɣ۲˵Ҳʰǡ
СүүµġټϱϾڻСһʱģүӻܻסǡ
ʦˣ۸ʦöעһ㡣ƽʱҲŵ
һͷʹ׻д˵˵ԺȥĶ˫ֻ̥һѾͷҲϡ
壬ܶදԣû׼õ㡣Ҫǣ̫С
дǶţϹĥ
ţһȥҼСҲ˵˵ͬĵ˵ͷ
⣬ż˵ʶҲˣ꣬о㵱ͳ
ô˵е㾪̧ۿԸ⣿
ܣ
һҭӻ˵
¶ĥþˡ
ʶǺӱʲҲǸܳԿġ
ǴСΪûɱˡ˵ǶǴϰԵվǰ档
Сʱû˰ǣǶԵġڻǰˡ
ݵѾͷ֪Լ˭ܷɶǰ涼˶ס
⻹㣬ʶСǷǹûˣúһкڸѾͷתתġ
СǴˣ˶ˡ
˵̾˿
¶۶ܿó˭ҲܲˡôɵϰߣĶôģ
˵ˣүүҲ
Ψһİ취ֻܰǷֿԶˣ¶ѧԼӦҲˡ
ֵô˵˵ͷ
УôŰɡԺ¶⻹治һܽġ
Ҫ¶һǰѧУĵַȷȻù׼һǰǸС֦¶ˡ
˵Ȼʱһͷۡ
ִ˴ƿӣʣء̸զ
˳ƿһۣȻ֪ʵĲԼ;ƿ̸զҡҡͷզ
զ
һۣ¶̸ɶԼȥǸ̸̸̸ģ
ô˵Ҳ޻˵
Ƶ̾˿һ䣺Ķǵɶ£
ϲ¶ûǣ֮ǰ֪ˡ֮ǸҲ֪ô¡
˵¶û˵˭
ܶû˼ϲǹѾܶˣѧʱϲ
صǵʱǰҪ˵ýʱȻûбֳȴǺڴġ
ȻʱĸѾʼְȥȷӪˡ
Լú˵˵û׼ԸԼꣿ
ʱѾɲˣΪӪͿԴ
ǸʱѾʼ㽺Ȱ֤ˣȻһȷӪҡ
أǱ߽˾ػ˵ǼŲͬ¶˵˼˵ˣСʱЩҪڼҰ
Ǳɣһȡһ£ƫƫҾܾҪ
ȷӪʲô
һƫƧСسǣ˵ܱ߶ﶼû̡ûȥҲ֪òˣǸȫܱȡ
˵ȻںǲŸʡ
ԣܣҲû£ûиȥȡһ¡
֮ܿʰ뿪˺ǡ
ںǱߴĸԣһ֪
ҪôǴӽﴫȥģҪôԼʲôΪٷųȥķ硣
ɲô»˺Ѿγɣ˵ʲôҲѾˡ
˵ˣͷβһԸһûʼͽ˵İ
֮ûټ棬Ǽ¾͵Ϊֹˡ
ƫƫˡ
ٴμҪ˵ûСǲܵġȻ˵Щ·ǳ⣬Ǳ֮
İŬȡһ¶ûлᡣ
ر˼ҹҪˣһҲûˣȻҲġ
û취¶
뵽Ҳòֵ˵û¶˭ȰˣֻܵԼ
ʱܳ嵭һС


98 
һ궬
õͷʳ, ʸʢչޣС˳
һѶͷϵĺһϵֱ
Ѿʮһʮ, Ҫ˶ô󱦺Ͷ椾ͻѧ, ʱǻһѷ͵רǱ, ٲʲôġ
Ӵǰ뿪ɽ֮󣬴󱦾ԶԾĽ˸Ĺ, ÿרͷ
ʼʱ򣬻Ҫ˰ŵ
Сڶ֪ʱٴλУһµȥ
Ƕ椾ͬĴһ㣬׵Ĺ, ͸һŴѳ¶ȫˡ
СʱҲѾˡ
Сһ꣬һ꣬ȫ˹ӵ, ڵСǾۡ
¶͸ش󱦺Ͷˡ
һԺӣյĲûСħͷӰӡСĿڣתݡ
ʱ䲻֪ôģǻĪķ, еʱ򻹻һ
Ϊˣ԰Ѻ͡ԺкС˺üΡ
ÿεļ彡, ʲô¶ûС
Ǹоļ¡
˵, ëѼġ
Ƿʱ̼, ʲôҲֲˡ
û취ֻܸСһЩЧ, ˵ܵʱ, ǵ̷ϼ
Сͺ, ͷġ
Ҳ˲ȥͺСˣصóҩƿӵͺͷ档
ǹֿɬҩζ̲סü
ʱȻСŮܻĽСִСȥϪ߶ˣ㿴Ūһͣ
ŴľǶ֨ĺ
ʣСҲֱ֪ʰˡ
֪Ļ˵ǾǸġСͲˮһʱ򣬼ˮˡ
һأҪϴ裬רõĴľͰ˴ͰϪˮԺ̫ɹ
ϵңͨϴ趼ˮˮɹϸ죬¶ȾѾܺˡ
ʱ֪ո꣬·ûжá
Ͷ椻ݷŸĹСӲ֪ôͰͷ½ųϵġ
ɵʱؼҳԷһƿԺžͿԼСӵԴԡͰֻʣѾˮڡ
ŵϽܹȥһֻСȾ͸ˡ
Сжˣ³˺üˮ
ʱȫ˶Ҫˣ˭Ҳȥ롣
Ҷǻûлǻɶµһ£
Դ˺ȫ˶ϽңŵöǸĳˮϴ裬ҲҰˮͰˡ
ɾҲܲסǸСӣһۿ͸ȥԼСϪܡ
ҵŵ֨ҽУҺӡ
ںܳһʱ⼸ɽ˽ֵһȤ¡
֪꣬ûȸߵʱž޿ˡ
ԴǸС̶˺ߣĹ̻Ӿ
ŵĻ˵ǣѧˣôٵͰﻹ̵ܶĻᡣһˮݡ
˭СѧӾ͸ܲסˡ
ˮһ޲üסˮȥ
ڵãܵʱԸո꣬ҲͰʱ䣬ѾʼѧŵϵļƣĴŵܵϪܣҪѧӾˡ
ֻϧСʱԺһ㶼
˵磬漸磬׶ûһƵĵط
Ǹرɶµĺӡ
棬Ҳܡ
ÿϲ¾ߣҲã鱳Ҳãôġ
һ㲻ӣúܡ
̾˵⺢Ͷ̥ӦǸŮӲŶԡ
Ͻ죬Ѿ֪ŵܵܵڶȥϪӾˡɺԣСʱȻ
㲻֪Сж໵СԲȥˮŻ
СϪ߳
㿴Ūһͣ
У·ȫСϴҾԲ
Сָű󱦼վԺӽ﷣վ֪˵
Сһ۶վڽվԸվСӡ
֪ãȻʪ͸ˣԼˮģȫ»Ǹɸɾġ
СʱԣǾͲܿˡ
·ȫǺһŵͣϣرƨɵλã͸Ƶģȫ͸ˡ
һˮСһﲻɣڵϣȻקȥԲźһƨɡ
Сøˡ
ǲں·С쵰һ꣬һ꣬Ҫˮ¶ǿô죿
Ů˻֣ȥɨù
˵գһֻȴ̲סؿڡ
զˣˣ
֮ǰһֱûվǽڵܸܵǰӵĴ󱦣һĲס
Ҳ˲ȥŻܵˣæܹסС
ҲɫԾʱŻˣϽܵǸΰ˳
ȻŰ
˵ţСؿڰۡ
Сû˵۾Ĵ³һ
ֱûôˣٴۡ
һۣӳȾǶŻ͵ģèһ
ȻСҲд˵ģŻһ
õأתͷŮ
ˣ㿴Ÿȶ椿ڣȳֹ
ô˵Сһ£Ȼһ¿αûٿ
֪ء
ȻС쵰϶ֽеùǺģʱûԼ
ｫŤһߣ۲Ȼһӡ
֪е㺦ˡ
ôӣҲ۲Ķȥ°ˡ
ļµë±˵ˣС֪ܶ
ƽٵƤܵ¶Ҳɡ
קקСӣչȥ
ҪûҽҴһٰɣұ֤ܣҲУܡ
֪ˣԺҲСˮקˡ
ҲͣҸú˵ֻҪѧӾҰʲôС
˵һ仰ʱСԼӻУ֪ˡ
ɶû꣬˺Ļûٴ
ۣ־ͳŶԴһơ
ǻСԽϾǰɣŶʱͰϴˮأھͱӾ
һô˵֪Ҳˡ
Ƚϴˮ¶һӵĺʷ΢׵¶ʱ򣬾Ҳ˵ˡ
ᣡ
౻۵Դվֱӣֱ׳طΪҲŲСҲһУǵѧӾȥѧ
СӻҷСֵˣ
ʹؿڣ˵һ
ŶʹһۣȻָָ󱦣תָ˳˼ȫ˶֪ȥáҷġ
ӣ֪СԴһһļơ
˫ֻʶסߵƨɡ
󱦿һۣһȻС˵㲻ùܣʰ
˵꣬ۿ˿Լܣαվ


99 
糯Լ˹, ֪֪ˡ
۾˲ɵԲһֲ˼С·޷, Ȼܹô̵£
Ҳûáҹ󱦺һ, ǰߡ
ҡ
֪ĻûüͱһѾס
ŵȫʻ˶һҲ˵ˡ
֪һûĳƨɾһơ
žһ, СصĺţСͶȥίһƳСһһ, 
ڴ󱦵ġħצ֮£ȴҲҶ֡
Сתһԣ
֪ĵһӣҲĵһ
⺢, ʱûڣ˺óԺúȵĹ, С
޶޲ߺСèӡ
ɰһ˶ۻˡ
˶޲ðƵģ첻֣Űı, ض᲻¡
ôꡣ
˵Ҳ֣ӹպСӵһĺ
ر̻Ӿ֮, Ǹһҹ˸Ƥ, ʼϴ
Ե˭Ʋס, һĹȥ
ΪСõȫرĹעڰĻﳤ󡣼ȫҾ֪࣬ԸǺܺá
ٴ˼Ҳǳ𣬴໽УĨתͷܳ֡
ðûޡ
΢סСӾ˳̲ᡣ
ҪʼСתԺ棬ѹȥӡ
һתͷͿվſĳʶ
ʶôˣԷû֡
ûأԡôˣֲˣʶСϣæܹĵʡ
ʶһˣڶѾʮһˡ
⼸˶ûٴڸ
رʶֻȴ󱦰һȥҲˡ
һŵС飬СЦЦû£ˣЪЪ
ô˵ʶ졣
ָ簴ľ߰·֪Ц
һûĴƣӣ֪˰ɣҴ󱦸ʰġ
ô˵Ǳ֪еĸˡ
СʱվߣһΪѵĿǣԲ֪Ҫ˭Ĳˡ
СҲǣЦųʶһۣˣҲֻǴʰʱˣ˵ɣ
ǷС϶¡
Ǵ󱦸ġղϪߣ˵Ҫ֪Ұϣһͷ
С
ŴǴĽҪǼһˣ
̲סȥһѾֻʣ˸Сã˶ùĶӡ
أ˵һôһʱҲαվʡ
һİûˣǣ
ʶŷԼԱ߾Ȼûˡ
ſڵķһۣȻһֹţһرϰΪ˳ȥ
ܿ죬ſھʹԹ
һۿֶˣ˵ȥͷ극ؼ㣬Ͻģ
˵ţСͼק˽
ĳҲˡ
ܻΪСʱˣ⺢һֱû
ĸӺͶҲ࣬ɺվһ𣬾ԵֺݣͷƻƵģôôһëѾͷ
Ժ֮ϰԵߵСĸǰ΢΢һ
кԾվֱӣȻ΢΢Цһ£һӡ
ǺǰһСè㣬ġ
СҲǱѾͷһյϰ߸Ūˡ
Ҳ˵ʲôεĻ˻֣ˣϽȥɣء
˵꣬ڳĹŮһɤӣץһѹ֭ǣǸ
֪Ӧţǻϲ
ܿʹСߴߴ˵Ц
ٷǶ椺ͳ¼һ͵ġ
󱦾ŶܣܣһͰͷСϪۿ˰մ͵¿ȫϴ˲ꡣ
ǱܡǾʹǸСƨ档
һȺСȫ뿪ˣСҲ˵㣬վȥ˳
רǵķ͹ȥˣԼ˵ķûء
е㲻Ҳˡ
һ۳мѣһѳǣС׼µ±һӶԸԸˡ
Ƚ˰ˮڻգȻϴɾǷŽȥһ̳ˮСΡ
ȻӹͷѣһһĲ±
Ϊ˸ζһûˣӿռҨһͷ˽ȥ
ȻֻǼ򵥵Ĵһ±ζȻ˱ǵ㡣
ϴ·ˮڻգС򿪹ӣ֮ǰߦɹɷ汸õĸ
ȴʢŹ֭ǵĹӸֻһ߶һǶ椻ûעĽ
⻷ر˸ֳĲ˵ʳĹһ᲻ǣԱϾȫϡ
˵ǷǵĹˡ
ëڰ
һ߱Թһְѹ˳ŷ֣ǿ鼸ûж
ΪСĳ̫ǣ֭ÿζ֮󻹻жٿ飬׵ġ
˵ʶһֻһ
ǹޣСɵԭ͸õ˵¡
һǸС̸֦˻ϣȻֿ֣ϸߵ˵Ӫ˺רĶһģ۸һŮ֮ġ
˵Ǹ£˽ˣĻ˲֪ί
ֻϧС֦ʵ̫̰
һѳ¹Ǹץ֣һֲŹ¹ЩǮ
Ķиͷ
˵ûչǮһڳ¹ģǳ¹οܾ˵ˡ
ƫƫˣյĺܶ࣬ԶԶǼٷļֵ
һ䣺ͬ־以Ӧġ㿴ʦæ˼Һٷתͷȥҳ¹ҪǮҪʲô׼Ӫ쵼Ƥӵʱ·ˣ
ʱС֦ŵû궼Ҫɢˡ
ϵġ
⵺Ϻͱֲһ
Ǯ˵أȥ
˭ֻ֪ҪӪ̵Ա飬ֻҪҸһѣǮϾѳ
һµĹǲԲȣҲͲ⼸ʮǮĶġ
ԣź֮£ûʲô򣬾ǸŮ˹ԹԵͬ뵺ٰš
һ¬ƽʲôǾͲǵЩ˹עˡ
¹Ȼ֮ǰʦһ㶼֪顣
鴦ˣŴӱ֪ǰ
ʱ
ʰһ٣ܵѳ¹Ҳһ١
⻹꣬ʶҵżңҰҲ˹
˵ֳִдһ֤顣
гٶʮԺʶܸɵ¶
⻹ֹүӺ滹⽻Ҫһſհҳд˴伸֡
˵ļ֤֤гĻһҲٸɡˣû԰ȫͻѼȥ
ʦ˵ˣǳ¼ĸŶ쵱ĺӣܶصġӵˣСձ
ǵڽǷȷʵģҲûᣬȫ˹ϣ
ҲΪ׵ˣ裬Ϊ˹ҰѪ
أ
ʲôһ͵һ̰СˣԼ˵Ķһҳ¼ҵˣ
Ҫôӽ𳹵׸ˣҪô͸ҹǳ¼ҲҪ
ڳ˶˼ҵİԸסˡ
ȻҶ֪˵ⷬŻСӵģôҲ治Ҫǡ
ɼˣⷬҲ˵ĳȣͨͨ
Ƕˣοޣ
ʶүү˵޶ҿˣøɶɶ
ǲ΢΢ֽд֣ѧүүӣýĺīˮָӡ
дĶŤŤܿǴţҪǸҷүүͻ˵㻰
ԺҲڵϴˣҲû˹ˡ
˺󣬵ҲûбӸɵ̶ˡ
⻹㣬ʦ¶˾ҪӴһʰˡ
ڵ죬ֱڳӪ߼ɲҪҪźӰȥǶһס
Ļ˵ǰˡ۲ĲڿСǸûӵˣŵ㣬ƭ֪
ҲˣⱲӾɣŮˣͱȥ˼ұŮͬ־ˡǹȥɡ
ҴʶȥżҡҵҪ˭ƣǾһأ
үӶô˵ˣ˻˵ʲôýȥ󶼽˹
ү˵ڶ仰һڣ˾ʹĽĻӵҪ
Ҫ֪Ϊ⣬ʦԼӵӪչ˵ģרŸһС׷
ȻֻһһСӣҲȺͳ¹һסһСҪ̫ˡ
ֲɵôܲӦ


100 
ԭΪ¾ôˡ
С˹, Ҳ˺ʵķӽ飬˵ǽԴϲˡ
ûܹõ滹һľϲ
ʦ˫̥ȥ֮, ӾͿʼŴһȥɽժӡ
ΪֻһСŮ̫µ, СȰԼСŮҲȥһʱ䡣
û죬Ӫ˾ʹˣ˵Ȼ
˼ҳ¹ԼǸдѧ, ŮҲǸš
ӻ, С֪, ԭΪ̫, ûЩϵ͵ժˮ
Ǵ󱦾Ͷ椸һط, ǿժˮ
ΪɽϵĵطСһǵɽȥ֮ͻֿж
ǻͽѡһطժˮȷǶȻ°ĳ, һװߡ
ǰСûȥ, ǾĶһҲû˭ȥժ˶١˹ˣСһǾͻϰԵһ䣺ڶٸˣ
ǺСͿʼһѧϰ, ʱ򲻽ʶ, 򵥵ļӼҲˡ
˵·ϴû£һ㡣
ɼȥ, Ҿȵķ, ʲôʱ, ׼ȷıժ˶㽶âˣܹǵ֮ǰ죬ժ˶٣Էժ˶٣һժ˶١
ˮ࣬ʲôģŪ
СǾȣ͵԰ڡ
֪ô԰ڵ˻ǶȤСѾͷйȥһѵĿ⡣
ֱҡͷҲ֪ľ·ϴҲϵͳĽ̵һСȻֶʶ
ԽЩȫ㣬ʮСѾͷֻһǳ˷Ϊû˽̹֪ʲô
֮󣬻Ͼͽȥ̸ˡ
̸ʲôû֪ĵĸ˵ˡ
Ƕĵ졣
ٺÿϣæ¹רżһСʱʱ䣬ǶԶŮΡ
ϣͻϮʱʱĻὫǵĹλҵȥ顣
ǶӣʶȴԴҲŵٶȷɿĽš
ں׵ˣǰСѾͷŪߣԼԴš
Ҫ֪ĴСĶŮȫûеڶܹ
ʱһȥۿȺӳˣҲۿһĿҪɲˡ
СţĶȴûֹͣ
õ±ʢţ˳㵷˼⣬˸֭
Ųͷģϴ·СһǶҪˣ˳Ȼȫʢһˮš
ǻÿԳԡ
ոհѷãС洫˵ϫhһ£
⻰ɵһ㶡
ΪҪѧԵʣٽСͲˡѧУѧʱѻżļӶѧ
׵ûǹܣСرԸ񣬲˵˼Լͽָˣɽ˵һӶɽ֮ԨԴ
ͬʱ˴󱦺Ͷ椵ͬ⣬žǳ»ָϣĸףջ˶š
ŵĻ˵ǣʲôǶޡǵӢۣõսѡʲôԭ򣬶Ӣ޺ԺûжŮ
ⷬϵڴ󱦺Ͷ椵ﶼһϡ֡ΪǸȥǸһϡ
ԶǵĸһطΪġ
ԣڵĴ󱦴椽ϫh
Ȼڼȴû˭ôУһǴ󱦶椵ĻţһϰˣҲǡ
˺ȻôһĽ˶ӹŮĴСе֡
øë˰֣Ȼӳ˳ȥȥˣôˣ£
ɻû˵꣬ͿߣȻվžװͬ־
ȫʶǵϵˡ
ϺȻˣʵ˲ܲšⲻ˻룬׷ʲô£
İˣڻ˼ң
Сǿĵľȳ˵˵ͷȻɻĿ⿴ˡ
Ųû̻ظǽ쵽ԺһֱߵԺǵԺеλãŽС֮໥˽ܡ
ϱСӪľҲϫhλͬ־ͬ־ǴȷŹģǵ


101 
˵Ǵȷ, ĿǺʹ󱦣йأСͻࡣ
Ͼ, طԶʱҲνǰɽˮ, ·˺ü졣
Сһߵ绰ܽʵڲôר˹
ǡӵˣ
ܹСô룬ʵ, , Ҳ벻ʲôɡ
˵˵ͷ, û˵
һı, ŵͬ־Цһ, ˵ɩӣܲʶң鴦Сţǰͺϵͦá
СȻıȽ, ʱѾ뿪ȷӪ, Ҳ˲ٹǵĴ˵ġ
ô˵ǸСæ˵ͷǵġɩӣǰȷӪ
һȷӪ, СĶʱһ
ô˵, ȷӪǺиģ̫õĻ䡣
æСǰã˵˵ûԷɣ΢һ, ȥˡ
ûѻ˵, Сžæסɩæ, ͼ仰˵ߡȥʳóԣ鷳ˡ
СȰͼվһ߳΢ɼҡҡͷҲͽߵĻ˻ȥ
СȻҲˡ
ȺСһ£Ȼ󷴿ΪкСɩӣҲǽȷʵЩҪġ
Ƿ޶˶֮СŲż˵ĿģղӪ˵䣬¶ɣɩҲ֪
˵꣬һ£ɩӣҲ³ˣӵˣڵòС
ŮȥӪ뿪ֵ
Ǹ˵ȥ˱ܵλλò⴫ֱ֮Ӿȥʦ״
˵ӰӸˡ
ǲ֪Ůúܡ
뿪ȷӪãͼ޵ȻָǸȥʡǡӦûĲʡҲ¸ˡ
һܵʦҪʦҪȥ˵ٺҲò衣
˻ĵıʾ˵ԼĺͳɼҵˣҲûСǻȥһĶԴ
˵ʦȫˡ
ǲ֪Ƕʱʦһ绰ѹ޴
ҲҺã¶˳ʦĶ
˵Сͣһ£С͵ɩӣʦʶɣǰĳšߵĵڶʦȥˡʦһ֡
С˵ͷ֪
Ȼûкͳż棬ʵ̫顣һֱ֪Ŷ˻һǺչ˵ġ
֮Сּ˵ȷŵôųǶǻǶѾ˵ĶǷǳϤġ
¶ǳ˽⡣֪֮󣬾̸ѹȥˡ
Ůô˵Ҳӵ裬һĵ֡
ôͣһ仰ҪҺӣҪǻȥ
ʦʡίίͷܣֵ˲Сǳʦ˭Ҳס
ʦ߶Խһ£˵˵¶Ҳ˽һߵͬʱҲӡ
ǰ쵽ģѾ¶;߱ˡ¬ŵ˼̸ǵ뷨ΪȻϡ
͹ˡ
һǼӣһ¿¶ô취
ǿθȻȥ죬ʰʰ
⣬Ҳ¶ʲô
ʱСѾֽűˡ
Լô޳֮У󱦶裬ŵһˡ
ʲôٺҲò裿ȥİɣ
СڶǵԼոմʱӵĿ
ǻǱŽӵߣչһʱ֮أ
ǰױʲô̶ȣ붼룡
С֪ǸŮΪʲôȻҪӻӣǲ룬Ŀһ
ţΪʲôˣ뺢ˡˣ𣿣
ҲͬѺͻȥƾʲôҪҵĺӴߣ̬ǿӲ˵
͵һ´ӵվСǴ˵˵Щǰ¶Ҳ֪Ҳ֪
Ҿ֪ϫhҵĺӣûκιϵֻһǾң
ûͬ⣬˭ҺӴǶУ
ô˵Ҳˣæվ
СŸǼֱ֣ɩӣǲ˼Ҳ롭
ʲô˼Ҳܡ˵ô࣬Ҿһ㣬ҪҺߵġ
ƾʲô
ҽ컹Ͱѻˣûͬ⣬κ˶ϫhһָͷ
ҪǸ͵͵İߣҲЩҪһȥ쵼֣˭͵Һȥ˭ңҲȥӣҲҪһҪȫң
˵ŻӶҪðظΪƲסš
С֮ǰһۡ
֪ϱô׼ģҪϣһ𳪺
ɼˣȻ۵úܡ
æһѰסļ򣺡侲
߶ȥ
СȻѾŭԼˣҲһûӡ
һĹȥһ죬ֱӽŵִԼļĿ
ˣֿ˼ŭ˵ĺ˭Ҳ֪ϫhģһǿȥߵߣҲû˸˵׶
СźСԻӵһۣԷǳ˳顣
һεһĿͶš
Ŷǵͻͻ
֪ϱŭˣŭѾʼˡ
˵ĻУ󱦶Ļ˵ˡ
ٴǰһͼסСȱСҲû˼侲
ҾģҾһ
ԺֵòɿʱԺźȻ˴ƿ椵һ˽
һѱסСŭĳվŵ˴󺰣˭ƾʲô˵ҲģҾģǴģ
˵꣬ʾСĶӡ
ʱ򣬴󱦴ܵҲ˽󻹸ʶ
СߵСԱվ˫̥ҲվǵĲԶ
󱦱ˣ˵Ҵˣûʲô󱦣椣ֻϫh
ҲǱʲô˵ĺӣǵĵﶼأ
ϴ˾͸ϽߣվӣﲻˣͱҶǲ
⻰һ˵꣬ԱߵǼӸ÷Ըȫ
ɨѵɨѣӵĿӣСʱҲһһʯͷһסһʡ
ֵʵǲˣҲŭˡ
ҹʲôˣеûˣ
ڶӵԴһƣȻһָţʶȻؼҡ
µ巢ʶǵĿϴһۣȻֻεĶ¶Ⱦܡ
뿪ŲָָǼ쵰ҹȥ˭Ҳ׼
˵꣬һ£һ䡰СҲȻݣɶµһ˵
Сû˵ûתͷżŮķȥ
ȫ뿪Ժٴλָ˰СźСһ
ޱεĿţŻŵؽͣӪɩӺͺǶˣûǸ˼
֪֪
ͷȻеΪѵĿһۣҪɩǸˡĶ˵Ǻӡ⼸ӣۡ˭ҪǸҶǣ׷ɱȫҡ
ǸСźСȫ¶ı顣
ԼȿЦһ£ˣˣ۲˵ˣŮǰѼҰѺӿأҲû취ҲˣҲ˦
ô˵СƮһ¡
ͬʱ뵽˸ղС˦Ӫһơ
Ӫ뿪ӪôˣȻڡ˭ʶ뵽Ӽ֡
ɸղȴϱսѵô˦ӡ
ɩŭˡ
˶˵ָָſڣǣȥԷ
ãȳԷ극ȥӪ˵СŲһѶͷϵĺͷ
뿪椳ȥԺŴϣȥһסܻسСʵǲ˰ɣ
Сץһǰµ鷢أҲˣ
椲Ϊİ˰֣ˣҸ
Ȼת⣺˲˰ɣ
СûشǺһҶ˰Ǵߵģ
⻰һļȫһ
ǵ£ÿҲȥÿ졣˴󱦵üԻųŵ֮̾ͻָ˳̬
СʢȻСӰãڳԣԼǰԹΪɣȻҡ
ûǰԹһҲԲ¡
ղŵһͨԸһ㲻ôɡ
ǸС˵һ仰ȷʵ￩һ¡
˵ǿθȻȥ죬ʰʰ
仰֮ǰСһֱվԼһߣһӵġ
Ͼȷš
Ϊôԭ򣬿˵֪
ǸôôµǣԼԼӵ׶ʲôǸˣûв֪ġ
˽ˣ˭ΪǸȻܻ˵һŵͻΪԺʵĴӺãӦðѺӻ
ɾ£ǸСŻִҪѺӴߡ
Сˡ
ʦ治סˡ
Ǹֵ̫ˣʦﻹǲˣԸѹˡ
ֱӰӴߣ¡
ȻΪʲô˵ֻ
֪Լǲͬź뿪ġ
˵ݣʱֻԼȷĸܵûһأԼҲǺǵġǸŮܸɳ¶ԼͬҲԣ
ǲŻмɵ
ǲ¶Ǿ֪ԼͬҲ¶ˣһ㶼ǸŮ¶١
Լ̬Ȱڳˣʱ͵õ˭˭ء
֮ôӣǾ͵ÿ˵ı¡ԼܹҲôˡ
С˼һҪôʱ򣬴󱦴˽
Ĭߵ߶ϥǴֻסСȣһԲȫĶ鶼д
С̾˿ڶӵ
ѾˣľٶѾ֮١ھǵĴף޲ܹһҹˡ
˵¶⺢ӸŻˡ
£ﲻ˰ôߵġӵԴİ
֪
ûȻϣ˵ûе
ôˣСקָָԱߵӡ
ֽǰ
˵զҪأҿɲʲôķ֣û˵һʱĿ¶м
СҡҡͷҲ֪
˵꣬æΪʲôа취Ըǵġ
һΣûٵͷСԼ˵仰ûȥ
󱦵ϣԶԶء
˵᲻ŵɶζܴѹեɶ
ʲô˼Сеûס
ҧҧ´ǰСö¶ǲˡһǵãƽʱٲãֻҪһ˵ҵҪˣͻ̻һ
ʱˣܳȥ첻żңҵһϰ߾֪ҵǰϻ
ԣҾʲôζˣıȡɶ
˵ЩС֮ǰ治֪ϾŲܺȥһʹŮˡ
󱦵Ļ˵еã
ʲôıȡأǾС
ǲ첻ȥˣҪɶ
˵ţȻ̧ͷҧСҪҺ˻ȥɡһȥǸŮ˵ɶĿġ
ҵԽֵǣԽÿԴۼҶõ㡣Ȼֵĸס
ȥҴˣȥ뻵ء
ҪҴۼҵ⣬ҲŪ
ƨСһƳ󱦵ԴϾͳ˹ȥ


102 
ɣСôӴվ
ָŴ󱦵Դû˻ûˣôֵͷˣ
趼أ
СС, 춼ĥʲô
ϽҰЩͷˣȻ֪ˣҲó㣡
ǡҧ촽һľᡣ
ʲôǣİɣǴǡ
Сô˵, ûзܴ󱦵˼
ʵ侲֮, ˡ
Ϊʲôʼնô, Ϊ֪, Щ˴ߺӡ
ȷǱߵ˶ɽʵǲ̫˽⡣ǿ֪ǱܵλǶڱܵȼȴӦò֪
ܵλȥ, ȷҲǱܵλأɺɽһ
˵󱦺Ͷڵϳĺ, СŻСԡ
һȦȻžԲǿκһҪλãɻȥ϶ҲҪǩЭġ
֮, ٺõĻ, ҲûתҵĿˡ
뵱ǸС֦Ҳͬ
Ȼ֪ȥ¬Żŵĸȥɻ, ΪڵϴǴӣһλ׵ıסˡ
ɼ, ˲ܰѴ󱦶椴ߣָоȻܶˡ
һֻӬΧһֱ˽УȻҲ֪ܰô, ȴƲסǻӦ
СǱӵӦˡ
һ, ﻹһĵġ
˵, ӵ, ȫûгꡣ
ֻҪ, ˽˶ƫӻصߡ
ֲЩ
ǸŮ, ˵ԸȺǹڣȻǽӻȥ
ǣ˻᲻Ѵǽߣ͵ʲôطȥأ
Ȼֿ֪΢΢Сһ뵽ĽС
ڱõСǡղС˵Ǿ仰ġ
С˵ǸŮúܣܵʡȥ״ʦû취
Сֲҵ˸ʲôɽ
һں峤ģֲʶһĴãûһԭ򣬺Ȼ͵˸ܵʡȥ״ˣ
˵û˰ıߣСǲܵġ
ʲôˣʲôıܹѳʦƵ޲ߣ
Щ²룬ԽԽ˾ġ
Сûа취ģʦû޵¶Լܿù
һСеĲɣȻںǰûбֳ
һȺСһȻǺһ
ϸ۲죬ͻִᷢȺߺû¶һЦֶܵûС
ӦģϣŻıƽʱҪܶࡣ°Ĺ㲥ûѾԺš
һֱߵſڲŷֿȻڴ֮ǰѾĵòˡ
ǸСźСԲûиš
һţȫͬʱվ˫۾һ
СһǶûǰͰ͵Сõһ׼ȷĴ𸴡
Ѿþûڼõˣһʱ仹Щϰߡ
ĿСϹһ飬ȻЦҸɶǣ
죬һʻҲţȻֽ͸ˡ
óСѾͷ϶ǰѾˣ˵
ӣŵͣʱѾ˹סȣýߣҲôߣ
ʱԽ꣬Ըȣһϼһ
ǸСһ쵽NNͣȴǸ«һ㶼˵
ر֪˷ƵģҪѧӾÿϵһ仰ǣҵʱ򣬾Ⱦ͸Ӻˡ
ŵСһڼžӼèߡ
ôͶûá
ڣȻ˹ˣ֤¶ѼļӶŵòᡣ
ĬĬ̾˿СӱС
תͷ⼸ߡڣ˭ҲܰǴߡøȥɣϷû
ĳŵӾǷ˾޴İʱ
ҴӴǿӸˣһȥ͵ġ˵ǻүүҪ˵˵ˣ˾ÿõŷˣǶͻүүһԡ
椴˵
ŵ˵ͷСӣʾǿ׼ˡ
֪ϱȥ϶Ҳʴǵ¶±뾡쳹װɲɼ˵һĲ
СʱѾŵˡ
ϽѵеУȻʹ˵ҷ¶
ɽ̫ˣһ㶯סˡ
οϵǾ͸ǵעˡ
Сܸ˵ʲôأ
ڰ¶˵֮˾ֻʣˡ
ˣ½ţ϶ܴãҲ̫ġ̾˿С
ţ֪
ǣڻеʱ䣬ҳ
Сûǵʱ򣬻ϿһϵֱȻ˵
С
ȥ˻Ϣء
ɿүѾóֽʣʼˢˢдǵĻôҲû˵ڡ
ڸүѧ⼸꣬СҲľˡ
ѧЧΣҲûлԣҲ֪
ѾһԵı졣
ӢǷ»ϰЩȫеһžϣһ⣬Ҳ治ɫ
뵱治Ϊ˵ЩֱҧͷĻЩƵĵʣûٱޡ
ɿ˼ͷİ׷ԽԽΪҲֻҧ֡
Ȼһֶû˵СܹܵõүڶѧϰȣץԽԽˡ
뵱˵Ҫ֪ģһҲᡣ
Ŭģ뾡֪ܶʶܹٹ١ƺһ죬Լܼź
СүӿѾеԲˣڿ֡
Ϊˣרź۹Ҳ˵Լĵġ
ʵרԱǵĽǺܹעġ
פҽÿѲÿһȻÿһ꣬ﻹר֯ҽСϵΪ죬ȫˡ
ÿʾϣ⼸λ˼ҵûд⣬ͬʱȴȫۿɼٶѸٵ˥š
Ҷ֪Ѫڰ
Ϊ˹ҵĿн裬ķ̫

ҺСǶȥ˯ˣֻﻹŵơ
СŽȥȴ
΢΢һ㶡
ͷҲû̧Ķ˵Ųһˡ
ҪЩСָָǰ̯ӣŵް
ްǺöǰȷӪʱ䷢ġ
ŻȥǽЩרҼϵǴΣôЩˣżóɹɹƽʱû
û˵ֱߵ߽Ź˹غãŶ˵ȥų̸̸Ļ׼ȥһ˾ǡ
ȥǣȥǸʲôѾѹСﻹǳ˾ȡ
ʾһ£ȻҲӣߡ
ǰûи˵󱦵ǴӾǵģ
ûСҡҡͷ
ǵõֻǸ˵һ䣬󱦵ǳбɾĸУȴû˵
ŵ˵ͷ
ҵʱûע⣬ʵǽѣһûע⡣˵ŮǸˣûκͼֳһơ
Ҫ˵ӻȥǲǹŵĻ
ҺСŵĻʵҲףСǶ췳ǸŮˣһʣȫ˵׶
˵Ů˼һͷӣеĽҲпʮˡһˣϹ֣ȥ䷢˵ԺӺã
˵߶ǲġԽԽ˾Ρ
ԣҪȥ󱦰ְֵϼԭ򣿡Сʵ
ȻԼϱ˵һ㶼Ѿ͵Ŀһۣһ
ܴʡҵԭ򣬲ȥʦͰ¶ˣֲ
һ£ʦ鲻ǿ϶ǾǱ߳ʲôˡ
ԣֱȥǱʣһм䵽Ǹʲô
СȻţҲ֪ҲʲôΣա
Ͼ˵ݷֻҪУ￪Ľţھǣȥĸλ˽Ҳû˻ҴţϵҲϡ
ԣ˵İΣ෴ֻϣʲô۶ӣ¬ܹС
ڶһ磬žͺСţСһ˵
õģµҪʲô£ǲûͬ˵ֻ˵Ҫȥ£˳뿪
ӵ¶ȷʵΪɾܾġȻ֮ǰСѹû뵽ôһ˵ȰûȰһ䡣
ױʸʦдһţߵһ£˻ȥ
뵺һ̣Сһľǰȥ£ʲôʱܻ޲û¶ȥͷתһȦûд
Σһ㶼뿴
ֻ¬Ż鷳µΣһˡ
һȥӵ¶͸鷳
춼жȹģһֱڶҲûлĲ˶
Ҳû뵽ǣһ磬ͷǱ߾ʹ˴ͻͻ
ǿŸոշµһӾ
󱦣㿴Żȥͷһ¡Св˵ĵһӣŤͷܡ
ӣȴһ仰µģû뿪
ͺһɤӣ椣һȥܿ㣡
ںԺιĶ椣²裬ѾӾ͸ȥ
С֪Сģڶɾ֮ˣһ㶯Ҳ˲ˣҲСŮˣԼߵ÷ɿ졣
ĸŮߵͷʱǴŸոտϵ˻ûü
վڰߣƲסĴڵĴŴ
һ´ͿӺͶվڰߣȫһԴӣپһ㶡
æ˻˻֣Ȼ˹ЦͶֵˡ
椣ô֪һˣ
С
椣
ǲ֪
ڶӪӪǶ֪⵺ϳģкЩϱǿġ
Ҷյĺܡ
ֻҪϣߵܴĶϣʱģҲܾؼҿ
Ȼÿδʱ䶼᳤ҲǼСʱɻһ¾ܻһΣԴҿҲûжپϲ
רĴ˵һλԺҲûйˡ
ˣãˣһؼҳԷ
Сڴ׵·ϵ˵ղܵüϵĻҳȻĿͶ˴ϡ
أûһеŵʵ
壿һͷˮȥû˵ȥզҲȥأ
˵ŲûһСٴηˡ
ȻдûǾ˵¬ͬȥˡ
뵽ʱ˺ܶ࣬ʶ˴׵Ĵڡ
վˣߣȻؼҡС˵ţҪȥýűߵǸ
һᣬȴûᶯ
ʲôˣôôɳʵ
˵ĴתͷһۣʱЦˣңһҸأ˭֪ҴʲôˣصŪһСҿ
׿еĴָɣܰ೤
ȻСıùϵûж⹫ڼȴܡ
ϾĶвú׵ĵԼ⼸СҲǲµģ˵
ףЩȻһֱƺҳġʵڴҵҲҵĺû
ԣҲŴ󱦶椺ˣû˾ʲôס
رڣȥ˶ӪɼĻ˵һģҲ졣
ÿδлؼңǰȥ˵һǸʵϵģÿһζС޲ðǰܵĴһȫô׸
üλ󣬴׶СУ˵õĶܰѹ
ÿĳʳҲûٳһڡ


103 
һ˼ҡ
Ϊ֪ѾԸȥ˾, Ҳûб˴ߣС˺ܶࡣ
׽žͽ֮ǰɸԿ׸ת
Լȥ򿪿ɣֲǱ㡣
ǸڲӴʱС, ֻ಻, ŻԱӵĵط
˵¿, Ϊʵǳ
ϱȻСǴ, ÿζзǳɡ
ҪôǴҪôǸר鲹ʱ˳д
ɾÿ΢ص㣬˽ܵĶʱҲһС
ԷһرûɫҪ򿪿ˣһܻһ㡣
¶Ҳ֪ġ
Сô˵, ٺЦЦҲûܾСһʹ˸ɫ, ʹһݡ
ΪĴ࣬ȻڵĴѾڼס, ɺͼСĻûһҡ
󱦣椾Ͳ˵ˣ֪, ʱԶҲ׵ĺܡ
ȻҲ֪ײǸĸе裬ɳ֮⣬, ׸粢ûκβͬ
С˳, Ľ緹˳
Ϊȥͷʱ, һƣģ, Խķǻ˼ġ
ϵʱȥ°תһȦ´ĺѡһЩϺ
˿ЩϺѾ࣬ҼϽ˾
Ϻ
ʵϺǳ
ѼСȻͱ䵹보֭żˮˮտϺ
Ϻһˮ󣬾֤ǲѾˡ
ʱ˺ϲˣһСˣǰٷ׺ۺһͣζͻüΪ
ϺʢʳСֽԼղžߦõıƬʣ
ϺͶˡ
˵Ҳʮͷˡ
ȻǴޣִܶǳѾеѾ
͹ȥĶ׷СԿóеԲӡʵ׷ĲǺӲ
Ժ󾡿ܵĸϿСôùܣеĵ˶Ӧ֪λΪңΪϵ˶Ĺס
㲻̸ףԼиˣҲöעһŶ԰ɣ
СԼߦģ棬ߦñģҪ͸˵һ֡ر졣
ȷִ֮ȥ
ϺƹϣӻϺͨĲͳͳʳźãְõͷ
С溰һɤӡ
ܿ죬״ŵȫ˳
һﶼھ׽ţ֪ʱԸֶֻץ˶
СһָۣǴ˿ˣ
ţóԣԣ֪һʹĵͷһߴչԼŵը˿С͡
ȥȥȥС֣಻Сӡ
֪һҲ⣬𾢵ĺ࣬˵ϴֲóԡϴˣ㿴ϴÿɰˡ
ûСֻþֻСֳһ˿
ȻŶԴ˵Ͷ椰ѷר͹ȥǱʢСеǸүүүүġ
Ҫʣ˵ֻߦ˵ûӱģǷģͱ˶һģʳûꡣ
ô˵Ц
ôôˣôôˣչһ£Ӧõģ
ӦõģҲⰡ
С˵ţ˴һۣб¾͵˵󣬿үӳ鲻㡣
һ仰˵شЦ
ҿɲҡ
˵߹ȥʳС
ҺһͰɣҲþûүүˣͦġ
οڼ㣬С˻֣һ뿪
ȻתСĽݡ
ûüɩùĶأ
ӰģСһӣǵҲǰù˺ܶࡣ
ǰȻÿµĲҲϵӶǱϾ޵ģҲ˼Ҵɹʱ򣬿ԸŰһ㡣
ҪҪʲôǲܵģΪûпջרŸȥ
ھͲͬˡ
ÿдǲʲôСǶԼҪĶһӣǮƱʲôһ˸ɴȥ
Ҳո׼ãһϵ
һЩ̫ĸŮƷҲиɩ
ǵˮƽ˵һʵķԾ
⣬Ϊ֮ǰĽ飬ɩҲʼæһЩ·֮ġ
ʼʱС֪
ʱԵʱһСһ͹һĶǶСӣʲôˮСӡ
ЩСԽԽϤȻȻʶǼСʱõЩûʲô
һǳͬһ֮֡
ı֮£Ų˼̹ס
˵߻У͸ˡۿŶӶˣʲôҲû׼ء
ʵûˣ뵽æ
û뵽ôˬľʹӦˡ
Դ˺ΪС· ˾͸˼ˡöдװǴȥ
һΣСϻͼ
ҲÿζܹҪɣɵĺ⡣
ҲʼеĶ
رǺһΣܲ˼ٰܲһ֮ǰ£úĲǸ
˵Ǹֱŷʱ򣬱˿ģĴŶ
ĵĳŵֻԼ֤Ҳκ˿
ڴ֮ǰСÿеʱ䣬Ǹĸõ֮ǰԼСĲ
֣ԼЩȻʸһЩǲϺʵĺܣû
԰ѴӵϻʱǰЩ棬ѡһ΢СһģԼһͽܡ
û뵽ǣһ¾Ͱһ֡
С֪ɩ϶ǮϿɩӦҲԸ
ԣ´ʱԼҪĶҲȥҪ¡
е㾪ȣת˲ˣСɩӲ˼ǮԲŽԼ֡
ǺʹĴӦˡ
ԣ͵ĶСԼҳԵĺȵģкЩģĶһˡ
Ķ࣬óģһźáСӽ֪ŵܵȥ͹ȥ
Ȼó׼Щ˿ռ䡣
һбһϺɡ
ﻪˣǵʳһ֡
ϲĺܡ
кܳһʱ䣬ǿЩϺɣŶȹһһϼӰӡ
ٺóԵĶԶҲͻûθڣСֿһЩĶ
ҽԺʱʱҲ˳콫˱硣
ٺ׵ʱһʱûҵʲôʵĶͽ֮ǰģǲ̫ԵϺùȥһӸ
Ϊ̫СҲûóȥԼˡһԻ񫡣
ľͻСһ㣬ϾɹʸһЩ
ڵϵĺҲʵзˣܵõϺĻᲢǺܶࡣ
СԽ񡱽˱磬ǱҲٺŴ°࣬ƽʱҲ㡣
æɹɻѡ
СϺȥС䡣
ȻһϤļٴӿ
˻ΣæסԱߵİӣȻ
Ϊǵ¶СҪԼëˡͻĳļ£һĿֻš
֪⣿ָоǰûоġ
˺һһֱżӶҪˣǿվ
Ϻɷӣһ£ϵֽʸһӡ
Сģעⰲȫ
дӵʱʵСеͽҲŵĵġϾûĸܵʲô
Դһ굺ϴ֣Ϊȱֻ֮С͸ӼᶨҪʱδѵ׼
ȻǼ֮ǵϻﶼ˸׼ȱĿѾü͡
һܹ뵽ĿռܶĴʳ
ռԼСٴαŵĽŶҪûմ˲˵ĳҲ˺ü׻չޡ
ֱ˲ٵĴϸ
ֻҪڻŵ㣬ҲڻʳùĿԡ
Ϊ֮ǰŵСؼʱ򣬷ӹشãһ˶¶ȡֵ֧̬ȡ
רΪһʱҪʳ»һµġ
СҲ¶˵ˣͬʱһδѵҪԡ

ڴصĵʱѾ뿪ࡣ
һ˶е㲻ϣû뵽ɽɹ̫ûбжڵˣȥ£ֺݣ֮ǰһȦֹ
СһӾ
ޣļҲصĿ޵һԴһơ
ЦģʲôӻúõأȥȥȥϴɾȥԶܻҲһЦ
оˣС֪ӦðĲˣٲʲô鷳
ʱ˺öࡣ
ӶߣȻק
ȥһˮϴ裬ȻĶûۿ·˳
ȥϴſڵĴһ˹ȥ
СҲû·æ˳һ뷬Ѽ档
ֻٶġ
ոճǱѾϴˬˬ˳
ͺȫ۰Ͱ͵ģһڴĿҲûʲôӣǳС˵ͷ
Ȼ̧ڶ椵Դߣһѣ˵Ůˡ¶ȫˡԺû˻ǣҲûܰǴӵǰߡ
ģ椲ŵʵ
ģʲôʱƭȥ
磡椼ˣһ˵Ťͷܡ
һҪȥСϪϴ·Ĵ󱦱ϲ
֪ʱСһҲæϡ
磡磡ҲͬţԾţһȥ޲ñȶ椻Ҫ˷ܡ
ȫ뿪ǰ
֪ϱ϶һӵĻҪʣһ߳һ߽ǰȫϸϸĸһ顣
õ¬ŵ֮ͬһ㶼ûõ￪Ľŵĵڶ죬ֱȥ˾ǡ
Ǻ˵صװͨװͬ־鵽˴Ǹ׶ųǰĸϢ
ͨЩϢҵסĵط
ҵط֪ʱ϶żѾȫûˡ
ųˣĸĸ󣬾ܲĥҲȺ·ŵ͸ũȥˡ
ΨһãҲĹ磬֮һ֪ͨûС
ȫǾίġ
һң˵˴󱦺Ͷ椣Ѿ׾˻ˡ
ʱվڶżѾ·ļ˵լǰźóʱ䶼
ȻЩ֮ǰѾ²⣬Ͼ󱦶椵ڣôȥˣżʼûһҹӡ
ų£Ҳû﷢֪ͨ׷ϣһ˶ûвμӡ
ɲ²²⣬иĵ㣬һȫˣһʣˡ
ָо˾
ھί˺þãҵ˶ˣɻһϢûд̽
סŵһ˶ˡ
ڲڵˣ˭ȥעйص飿


104 
ھίʵûʳȻ, ûа취ֻȥϽɳ
Ƕ֮ó￪Ľ, ոձų, û뵽񾯾Ȼ̧ͷһʵͬ־ǴǸʲôȷӪİɣ
ųĬһ, Ȼ˵ͷ𣺡ǵġ
֪, ΪĽдǷţֻҪһϵͳģ˭ŪĸŴĸأ
λ񾯣ܹһ˵ȷӪǱ˽һЩġ
˵ǴȷӪģ񾯶ʱ鼫ˡ
æվ쵽һ, , һҵС, Ȼ˵ͬ־΢һȥ˵һ˵
˵꣬ͼҴҵ˳ȥ
ﰲĵȴţһӶûС
ܹųϢȻܸˡǺȻôӣɵñ񾭡
ܾм϶, Ǵ, ʲô, ޴֪
һĥŴҪôشһ߾һҪ˵ʲôõ¶취
֮ܰѻˮԼӵͷȥ
Żڽŵ˼ţǱСѾһȥʮ˵˽
λ϶֮ǰ˵ˡ
æվλһ¡
˵ȷӪӪѾ롣
Ϊ֮ǰųʶγǳҪһļˣּһ˶ûˡ
ɳһ¶żҵʱǸ¶һĨʧ֮ɫ
˵꣬̽ʵӪһ£ȷӪĵַеİɣ
һ£æͷСҺӪﻹϵʲô𣿡
һô˵ıһ滺࣬ԱǸСҲø
̴ߴǸС񾯣ϽȥֽʣӪѵַһҪˡ
С񾯴Ӧһ˳ȥ
֮Ŷ˵Ӫ㲻֪ΪȷӪǷ˺ôľһֱҲ⵽ʲôܵλôôأ
űʵĳ׺Ϳˡ
ȷӪȷʵǱܵλҲӵַҲǲġ
ⲢӪﲻϵ
ʲôͨʦͨط֣ɳίҲԶԽϡ
ôĿУøһأ
˵ȷӪˣʲôɽϵˣҲҲӷһЩ
ԽĥԽһʲô⡣
룬ٴο˵֪Ӫʲô£ܺ˵˵
˵ߵ֮һûȷӪһ¶
ʲôܼ¼㿴費ҪҰæӪ߰ǴŹȥ
һ˵ҪȷӪӸˡ
վŵıˮ˵ѽӪܹǴЭȥǾ̫лл
˵ΪЭѾй֣иίдŶֹˡ
ǰæһӪľλãַɾһֱû˻ظ
û˻ظĻǾ͵˹ȥԲˡ㿴
˵Цһ£ɻľͼҲֻˣĳ鲻
ŵ˵ͷ
ΪĴܶطɳѾ͸ίϲһ칫ˡ
Щˣɱɱ֣¶ǲеġ
ͺôˣȥæֻǸС죬һ˶µ죬˯
ʲôЭһ𣿱ϾһȥҲø쵼㱨ġٴʵ
ȻȻæͷ
ʵҲʲô£ǰ°˴һ¶ųǲǻʲôˡ
ȥίʱϽַ˵ŵʱ˵һӡҲ֪Ƕӻڲˣ
Ӹʲô°죿żҺ°ʲôϵ
Ļ￩һ£Ҳ˲ôеѯʣ᲻˻ɵʲôһʵ
Ǹûж룬Ҳѹû⵱һҪ¶ʣһԵȫ˵˳
ԭϰ꾩һķûС飬𻹺ܸߣҪ⽻Ӵ֡
СһеĹԱڷʽ׼뿪֮ǰҵ˽ӴԱһ
˵һѵĸףίҶյһˡ˵֪ôûʲôǿ԰ﵽģ
Ǹ˵ѵĸ׺ܵұףΪṩһЩܣϣܹԸ
û˵ĺһӾˡ
ˣӦþǵ꺦öųһӷֱǸ塣
Щڹ⣬֪żۣܵĲʵǰﲻʲôæϵϵϡ
Ȼڲ֪ͨ˶ٹϵϵ͵ʱ򣬴˷ûԱ·ӡ
ķͶżҵȡϵ
ֻǣЩ취ʱ򣬿֪ܲʱĶżҼʣʲôˡ
⽻ͬ־Ǹ˵԰ѰҶżҵˣ˽żҵṩİͲҪˡ
ǵĹˣѣһβܡҲ䵽Ҫֵĵز
֮⽻ͬ־ͽίи°죬°ҵǡ
˵꣬˿ܻʱôҲø˼һظ
˵̾˿Ӫ㲻ǵĿడ쵼죬Ǿ͵ܶȡ°ʹôһ绰ǶһڣʲôҲˡ
˵Ǿ⼸ˣĶôԶȥ˽˵ˣҲûС
ô˵ȫˣҲи
Ѿ۵òˡ
˵֮ǰйֺ͸ίд˺üţȴûеõһ
֮ǰС˵󱦵ҵǸе
ûŪĻǸҪôʶֵˣҪôʶίˣҪ֪λҲǺϲһ칫ġ
ҪȷʵĻ˳ˡ
Ӧͨʲôϵ֪˾ҶųļҪλЭͻؾǡ
Эﻹԭί˵һӶپͼ
ɵʱŮѾټޣҪðȻǲܡǾͽϡ
취ЩǷȥЭȻôĿʼӡ
ҪǰѴͻȥһһʱӴпܻǵ͹̸
һ뵽ž;ޱֻõһ˵ľʵ̫Ӣˡ
˵¶˵Ǻ¡
ȻܹԿó°컹ɳ¶û̫ԡ
żһǸкϵץȥ͸ҲӦõһˡ
Ƕжһ򼫸ߵ֪кϵҲ÷Ǻ˭
ҪЩһֱڶûкҹĹңȷʵѹˡ
ɶżҵǸ
Ϊ˻ָŻŬ
ʱԷԱĺҪҲܲ㡣
ôóǶż˵ݣпܻ˸ıһ״Ҳδ֪
ûָܴЩõʲôô
룬Ҫͨ°ӸͷǶͨñӸժԼֵܾھȪ֮£ҲĿˡ
ҶӽĳɳҲֻкôûл
ЩŸɴֱӺ˵ݡ
˵Ƕżӵڶһ𣬸ȥȷӪǱϵ
֮ǰ˵ѻ¶׷ˣһסӪھ͸һȥ°һ˰ɡ
Ǽƣֱԭʧһ

СֱԼһ£ڼΪ۵ġ
ôãĿһѣ󣬺žȻǼ£
ô죿ǲǵð׼˭ȥǣ㻹Ҫһ𣿡
Խ˵Խţֻ޲ھͿʼж
⸱ӣЦˡ
סϱ֣ʾԼ¡
˵ˣѾȫˡҪΪ˰¶һŪ꣬ҲôáȥǣҲȥ
㲻˵ЩҪ𣿡Се㲻⡣
˵һ˴ĺӣһΣٲȥǲɵ
ܶԺӺõ¶ͲԼ԰͹ȥ
ôʣŵһĨײļ
Цһ£ЩҲӣҲһ³
Ҹ˵ǱܵλҲ뿪ȥǵĻҪġ
һ˵¶ô鷳Щ̾˵ˣеλ֤ȷӾǶųŮдСһҪˡ
ҾھǸʦһ绰æһ֤ĵǡ
ھôãڵ֤Сһ
Ҳȫǡҡҡͷ
Ҳø۶ӹŮȡһȨ氡Ц
ǡСΪȻӦ
ҸҪżһָҪ°˵ûȨҪϻ㱨һĻ㱨˲µʱ䡣һֱ¶Ҳûб׼
Сʱ
νϣԽʧԽ󡣸ղһ˵¶ˣΪҲûˡ
ڿԶô¡
żһӵ˶ûˣʱǻָǻϾ൱ڶ֮ǰǵĳͷǴġθԸⵣ֮ǰ̫ˡ
̾˿
°˻ǰæġΪ󱦰ְֵʿݣǰ뵽
ӶŸȥһһֱŵʮꡣÿ·ֱǷŶʮǮ
֮ǰ꣬ӵвǧ˰ٿǮҲֱӻ˾ţ»Źһ𷢷Ÿǡ
ʱǮ
šŰѻ˵꣬СͿٵش
ȻͻָҵеɵģСȴһ㲻Ϳ
Ǵ󱦶椵ĵԼǲģҲðӿá
ȥ͵һ˼⣬һ˵Ȼ֪⵺ϻô꣬뺢뵺һ졣
ǮԺǮǲܶġǮŽ÷õء
пܣǮȥѧҲǺõġ
Ȼ֪׻ôǴ˵ĻСҲˣ󱦺Ͷ椵漮Ǿǡ
椻ãһңڴڽӴ⡣ɴ󱦡
϶żҿɾֻʣһˡ
ûᣬСҲף˿϶ϣһܹػضżңӦõĵӡ
¶ļ򵥣ȴѡ
󱦺Ͷ椴ڲӳôЩʵһֱСȦת˽˵Ϊ㡣
Ĳ˵ҪھһܹĵûС
ԴסУһܲҪǮ
լҲָˣһƬ߶䲻š
뻹ãСԽ룬ԽʼĴ
Ѿʼĥţô취ʡʡʱҴ󱦶һЩҵ
ʱ˵һ仰ٴע
ҰѾߵ¶֮ȥһȷţȻǸŮ˵¶׽ˡ


105 
ŵ¬ٵʱѾ˵ú, ¶Ǽ˵Ҫ
ȻҪȥ飬һҪ³׽˲ŻԿҪʱȽϳ
¬Ŷû˵ͬˡ
ôĽӴ, һӵرǼ֮ĸ鶼Ƿǳ˽ġ
ȻҲҪԡ
ʱ, ﲻæ, Ҳû˺ȵĵ
˵ĺסٸҪߵ֤, ֻҪ㡣
¶ٻ¶òġ
¬ŵŵȻһ㶼ż, Ҫ¶׸㶨
ڰ˾ߵ¶, õӵֱ֤֮ӾͻCʡ
뿪ȷӪ, ֮, һ̤ء
ĸдȻĶࡣ
Ҳ˲Щ, ֱȥʦ˶ûˡʦ
ȻǼĺܡʦĹ㽻һֱӽŴ˼ҡ
ȻָʹԱȥ°˻ͬʱóصĺþơ
ƹѲ, ſ, ʦ˾Ǳߵ
˵ŵ˾֮, ˵ϵ˵ȹȥϵҪࡣ
ŵʦҲ˽, Ͼ֮ǰרŰ֤
, һҲû˵, ֱӵ֮ǰ˵Ƿ
˵߹ֻиίᷢЭݶֹ
óʦæʣЩŶȥˣ
һ⣬˵·ϼĶˣⶼĶˣ
Ҫ֪ɳĿɶǹҺţǿԲǩ˵ġ
ô˵ʦıҲ
˵ˣȥ顣ɩڼûھһסʱҲסдˣʵʵڼš
Ҳ˵ˣҲٳţʡıʲô˷ˣģһһġ
֮һӣ˵Ŵӵһֱڣеˡÿ˳˯ڳʦ￴飬ǼǱʼǡϵ죬塣
ʦ֪Ū˺Щľʷϣһֻвȱյĺۼ
ԿóͨʲôȻġ
Щʦûзŵ˼·ҵ֮ͬһ㣬ﲻסȥ԰ڡ
ǣžǵ׸е󣬿ʼķգ¼֪ʶĺ޷԰Ρ
æѧϰʦǱȴѾʼˡȻ˳ŵȻҪһĴ𸴡
ο»ǳʦЩԹһŵǹӻҲһֱûüйȥأ
ԭҲͲǶิӵһ¶֮ǰ֮ûб֣Ϊûļȥ룬Ҳû˲顣
һĿ꣬ܿͱˮʯ

󱦵ֽ򻨡˳ûĺͦ񣬸仨Ƶģʮֺÿʮ˴ģм
󱦸ȥ֮ĸһ﹤ˡ˵ʱǸţʵҲ˾ôӣ˵Ҳǲܺúù
ƫƫ˶ʼãǸ˾ͱ˷ִӹ͵ԭϵȻͶץ
ٴ˿סˣȻһûעϣԼÿԼ˷ϡ
֮򻨵ӾͲùˡ
ûسǻڣҲûƽʱֺó˵֮Ҫȥ͵Ҷóȥһԭϡ
ûˣûˣ֮ǰĸҲĲˣ򻨼Ͷ·ľء
ʱˡ
򻨺ǸסƬľ졣ȻʱɺôҲɳʮ꣬¹ϵҲûеˡ
ʶһѾʮˡ˺Щ꣬ŮҲѾɼңһûи
򻨵ò򻨿ľ˿νһļϡ
ֻǣϳɾȻʼһӣȴȢ¶
ֻڳǽλø˼䷿һӣȴʼղȥ֤¶
򻨾ͺܻҡ
֮ǰ˵ζҪһлڣٳʲô⣬Ҳٱ޴ȥˡ
֤ת˻ڣҲԲ˹Ӧһ첻ͳԵģ͵õȥ߼ǵǮѾҪˡ
Ҳû֣Ҳų˵Ҫȥɳ
Ǹˣڳ켣꣬һʱɳûܹ
֤൱ֶεġ
ʰ˼֮򻨾ͳʵˡֳֵַ˱ͻϱ
һźš
ӾôһĹȥѾеĲ֣ԺҲ˵ʱôҲû뵽ģϲȻô⧲Ľˡ
Ƕʱų˼İ
һŻﲻ֪ʲôʱУ磬꣬ʳֳ꣬ұĽС֡
ʡ쵼˵ӣҪйưȫеľԱ
İһ϶̾Ͳˡ
о־ͿʼڵµĸɳˡʼʱǽܳľԱɺõľԱɲˣֻýԱӡ
£ڵɳȥоʱæ˱ֽżշ
ʱѾʮˣ궼ʮŵˣٻһͿʽ
ΪˣãɳҲûٳ˵ֻʣ°ϰ࣬°࣬Ӿ͵֪ͨˡ
ȻôЩһֱʱûתɱϾҲ˿ʮ꣬ûйͻп͡
֮ǰӣȻݺòʽôߵĴݹҲеġ֮⻹õһʲٵĲ
ʲݹʣʡŵ㻨Ļ뱲Ҳǵġ
ԿʼȥоְæʱǲģҲ㣬Ǳ߻ӡ
һŵʱ򣬲֪ôģ鴦칫һѾ˺żп˶ų֡
ʱġ
ȻҪ򻨹ӣô֮ǰľȻҲǴ̽
Զڶų֣еĺܡ
ǻ鴦˶æòɿûע⣬ĵĽǷ⿪˿ڵԼĿڴ˻ȥ
ʱ֮ԴߣҲûġ
Ҫ˵ǾǵɳǱߵָʲôղ飬»ۼ򻨣Ӷٸʲô鷳
ǻȥڿ֮˶ˣ
ѧߣҲûгʲôԶšɶĹҲԳƵϼʶ㡣
ȻǸЭ˵òǺףֻ˵Ӧ°ҪҪһ¶ųͬ־Ŀǰ
ϣعܹЭ˵ǰڵȷӪȥ˽һ£ųͬ־мλܵЩ
ڹûҪЭչ˵ĵط
ܵĻǷܹ˽Ǵǣȥ°ͬ־Ǽ档
ǷЭݲǺ꾡ҲܹʽǿȴֻһоСӵĺӾҪˣ
ĺҲҪˣ
ǵԼôصļˣ·ڴƮ
ؼҺͰ˵ˣͬʱŵֻҪܹŪ̾ȥ֤
ǰ취Ļˡ
Ȼ֤ʵѾ˵ġ򻨰֤ˣӵõĺã͸аëǮϵ
ֻҪ򻨳ʽķޣСϵļ̸ǳ֮ǰȫƿǵ
򻨵ĻڡԼɳΥߵǰ£ܶ»ǱȽϱݵġ
֤ˣķˣǰĻڰ쵽ԼĻҲʲô¡
֮ǰ֮һֱŮˣԸô죬Ϊ̫ĳӲˣлƨˡ
¶ֲûǰơ
˵ⷬ򻨳ˡû뵽һ컹ĺš
˹ôЩ꣬Ҳ൱˽⣬ȥҪû⣬ǵȰ֤ˡ
Ȼûȥ֡
ô˵Ȼе㲻ˣɻͬˡ֤ʵԺŮһжʱڳܻðһ
ݣڹؼʱܲһ˵ĺøеġ

ڳʦµȥŽ֮󣬼ֱЦˡ
Ҳ⡣
޳ܣǱΪ鵽̶ֳȣҲû˭ˡ
˵Ҳһԣ
ڹǱô˵ʵ
ǱѾˡʦüͷ
ȻѾ˼׼໹ǳķ
ΪǸȻΪ𣬿ڳʦǾСˣǶץסˣûбҪϡ
ߵǣʲôʱطϵĹѾˣ
ڵĵطǹ֣ίᣡһеĺ֮
ļã͵͵Ҳֲ˵ĵط
οһݣ˴ӾǷģһ˷Һš
¹ȥˣ±ôһصΥ¼Ȼûһ˷֣
ʱշҹǡǩƶأ
˲ƶأ
˵ӰʱҪнӱչҺŵʱʾҪǩ
еһУһڣһ΢ϵģ¾Ͳݱ
ʦ˵оһ־޴ıúܶطܴӸϾѾˡ
йܣְƻعϵ£ټһͼȺʿŮһҲмˡ󵽵̻͸ģÿôġ
Ҿã˼ϣ뱲ӿܱӼˡʦ˵
һ£̾еɡ
ʡ컹ڴߴŵ󰸵ڻûƻֳôһ¶
˵¶ɴСû׷׷˲򣬿¾ʹСǸҲˡ
ƫƫ´˳ʦķιӡ
ųǳʦİʱ򣬳ʦ˺þúþáҲΪίУʦŶס޴ѹӲǽŸƳȥ˾У
ʱţЩûᣬɲ᲻⣡
ȥֵʱ˽ΪˣҲ˽⵱ζ·ĳʦѾŭ˼㣡
Ҳ˼㣡
ֻܶûгѭһʦ֮ڵطϺܶʱҲǺ˵ϻ
ʱ¸ȥȴûֹͣQ
ǵ״˵ȶ˺ܶ಻ȺڣίСھȷŵŲſ֡
Ǻںţſڿ޵ȥ
þ͸ʲôŭԹ¶ǵǿ˼ĸӷһ
ʦʱѹʵ̫ˣȷʵǶסˡ
ûа취ֻЭɳ˵Сȥ˾Ӫ
ȻСǲûдӣһرɣһ˶ûа취ɣҲΪֹһɡ
ܡ
ţѾȥĶųһֱε˲С
ܾԼûбֵܺǵļˡ
ڣ˽ʵ࣬ھס򻨵С֮󣬳ʦôܾôţ
޲ܹԳһŰ޳С˰
Լܹõȫϵģ˽ȫˣ¶ľκδϢĻᣬһưֱӰ
ǸҲõģһв϶ܲ˵ġʵν棬Ҳʲô³
ǰĶŮǵһֻ۱һֻۣźǿʡġȨ˸ҪǮˡ
ڶǵźˣΪǻɣ
ǿǻָݽ̺ôأ
ڣôûˣñ͸ķñӡ
˵ʦЦһһǸ򻨽Ǳأ
Ųûеȵоʱ
ҲģгʦڣԺֻиңûҡ
˳ʦôĲ£ǸϸǷǳ˽ġ
Ϊˬ飬ԴѾԿ߲嵶
ɶԴˣҲԲ
䵽รĻᶼС
ԺӦûѰ
ⷬСʱ͸ոպȥһ󱭾ˮҬ֭һ㣬ˬ̹ˣ
֮ǰ尾µĻһӾͱˣ˶ˬ
ϣʹʮ˰գĵһѵĺóԵˡ⻹㣬ڱҲˡ
ʱ÷ɿ죬תһȥˡ
ʱѾһĴ졣
ϵǶ˷ܣΪרǱƳѲͧͨˣ
Ȼڵϴ˵ҲƳĽͧ;ڵϺ½صĽͧʲô𣬿Ҳ֪ĺ£
Ĳ˵ʱôһ˲õĴ쵼Ⱥϵӵϵפһӱǰ˺üܹóһô˲õĺˣ
˶ޱȵĿܺϲ֮Уÿ˵϶ŷĵЦݡ
ֻСĵġ
ֻڳԷԽԽˡ
ʼʱΪˣڲãԲӲֲ鷳Сʳ½
˵ķԣӲԸһٵĿСȫģӪýĶ
ãɻȻԵԽԽˡ
⻹㣬ݵٶҲˡ
Сãȥ嶼ˡ
֮ǰΪؼʱȻĵҲ֪Լô˵ҲԲ뿪λġ
˵Ҳǰ˵
ڣ⽢ͧѾɹоۿѾԸһˣôǲǿԺúõȥһ£嵽ˣ
СһϴŲˣһĥţֻŴȥͷʱ򣬾ȥøúõ˵˵¡
ɾʱԺȻһӵĳȻǺܶ˱ܵ
̲סĲˣ߳ȥ
ȻǿӴſǻһߴӿܣһߴ£ӣӣȥɣүүүүˣ


106 
СԺžܡ
ǿ, ô£㻪үүôˣסڳĺӣеʵ
ǿӴڴڵĴȻһ·ܵ÷ɿ졣Сô, ػ־ʱ·ɱ
үүˣͧءһ, , ȸȥۿڣ
ǿӵĻС￩һ£Ҳ˲ٶʲô, Ҳ
Ļˡ
ʱĸۿѾսʿΧһۿȥ, ȫЩʶףһͲǵϵˡ
С֪˼ɲǴžԱ֡
ЩƽҲǫͣÿȥרͷʱ, ˣǻк
ۿڶϵ¶ǵһ
Ķүүڴϣŵʵ, ﶼ˲
ǿڽſ˿, Ⱥǰͷ˴࣬һȻСȺＷ
ΧǰǶʶ, Ҳ֪ͻϵĹϵܡСȫԷĳԱ, һͨ
Сٵߵ˴ߡ
Ѿ͵ȥ, ҽ, ġӣ໹ʲôףڣ˵
İοôܹСŵأ
̲סеʵϵôˣɩӣ㶼ʲôˣ
Ӧûʲô¡Ҹղʱ򿴵ϻڵϺ˵ءС£ϸ컯󣬿϶ὡġ
һİοšֻ֮£컯Ļ˵ˣҲ֤ʵҲŵúˡ
Сҧҧû׷ȥ
ܿ죬ӪǱߵС·߹һȺˡеļС֮ǰĴ쵼
ŻԱߡ
ӣ׼Ͻ
СĶҪˣ˭˵֪
쵼ڸǰ֪Լǵ٣˵ĻᶼûС
ʱȺߵ˸ǰ
мλȥͷ׵Ĵ쵼ڿСʱ΢΢һ£Ȼͣ˽Ų
֣Сһ¡
С˶ˣ
Ĵ쵼ôʶ
Ȼеó֣
ɵһ㣬ԱߵĴ༱óʹһ¡
С۵һ飬ŷӦ˹
æȺ˹ȥֻԼ˫ȶģ˶ڴƮ
߽λ߲ûж˵ʲôָָԼԱߣһȥ
Աߵȫ¶˾ı顣
ŲɫĽϱԼߣסǣһߡ
СججĸȺһֱ˽û⵽ôһ£
һϣͷӦ˹
ЩҪ˿ҪǣҪȥϡ
Ҫ֪ϵʲô
ڣȺԭϽ˼ҵġһߵ˽ͧһȽϴķ䡣
ɽͧϵķ䣬ȽϴܴĶȥ
˴վ˾ͼתˡ
˿̣һҽڰﻪϼ壬СһۣʶӦפ򣬻Ǹ쵼һϵĴ
ҽſڡ
һȺ߹æӭ˹
ôλ߳ʵ
˾ϵĿǰѾȶղǵѪǷˣѾָˡ
ô˵üֻǵѪǣԴ˼ֲš
һ£ش𣺡֢״ϿǵѪǷˣǻ֮ǰиѪѹҲкóһʱˣôƶá
ղҽˣ˵ǼŴʷڻǻ򲡡
ҪҽԺȫ֮ȷֻܹơ
Ļλߵ˵ͷ
СＱòˣʵ̲סˣקקԼˣʲô
⵽ʲôôǰû
һãȻҡҡͷȻ֪ҲԼϱ١
ȻС˵ظ
ǵ󣬿ſڵĹＷˣҾ붼ܽζԻÿ˶
˻˻ǣŵ֣۾ﶼ¶˾ȵı顣
Ǹ֮Ϊ˾ԱĳߣҲ뵽С
˿Сһȥ
ŶãС첽ǰɵظ˹ȥ
һζ
ŽȥСĿʱϵĻϡ
ʱĻɫȻЩ԰ףϻŵƿǾȻѾ˺ܶࡣ
СЦһ£ȻĿվǰϣ˾Ա㻹ǼҹˣҪ𣿡
ǳߵһۣ㻹֪ǼҹŰҲСѾͷƵ͵ÿޣ
˵꣬תͷСָָЦ㿴Ȧڻء
˶ԻСˡǰλߣӦþǻ˵ģ֪ǹϵĴ쵼
뵽Ҳٱˣ۾Żøˣ
һ仰һûбסľ
絽ѾʮˣͻʶҲѾʮࡣС϶˵Ѿʵʵڵˡ
ǲûʲôѪԵϵɶ˵ϺѪ˲ûκ
ǰʱһ켸Ҳû̫ĸܡȻһ˵ϲˣņ̃ͧϣСֻ춼һ
ֻֿţ£궼ûиܹˡ
»һʲô¡ǻô붼롣
ĿˣϵıӵΡ
ǸûйҵƿֳС
Сߵĸǰ
λ߳λҽͷת˳ȥ
վ˿ſڵλã治Ŀռճ˵
ø㵽ʲôô˵ŴⲻʲôΣհɣҪҺһȥҽԺȥòã
СĨϵᣬһʳĵ⡣
û¡ʲôôˡϳ˵۾һװͰ͵ģ
ô꣬СһֱǺʹƻȺŵģԱ׶˵Ҳûκ
ȻҲ׵ġ
̾˿ЦݣС˵˵ɵˣһ¶أôܸߣİɣû£Ҳչˡ
СҪȡ˰֣˵ˣҲ̫ʱ䣬λȥҿֱӾͻؾǣԺ󶼲ٻصˡôң
һ仰С˵ˡ
ڻϵĴߣľͷһ컺
ϺԽɹ֮֯ݽ룬λ䶼ˣʺ˸ǿȵĹϵҲʺ֯׼ǵ롣
һҪϢǡû뵽ȴҵðȥˡ
λߺȻ
ƺ滪͡
ʵСѾӦˣ֮ǰΪȫûⷽ룬̫𾪡
ǻع֮ǶԻϻ˵õѡ
ٺã½Ҳ̫ԶˣҪиʲô󲡣Ժǲöࡣ
ΪԹ˴׵ˣ˾ǣԺͿ԰ϣ϶Ҫں̫̫ˡ
ǵ壬ֻкôû
Ȼ֪ѡȷģǴӸϣСǾ޷ܡ
رǣͷһеĸܵˣˡ
뿴ʮϵˡ
С룬η룬ԺûټĻ᣿
ԽԽܣķ·˾ţһһۡ
ޣ˿ܣỹǲģôҲƲס
ӣϵȦҲˣڴģ߰ɣ߰ɣӿܵġϽߣؼȥɣ
СҲ֪Լʵеʧء˻ùøԼһܣûһô
᲻ߡ
ֻ޲ܹһٽλ˸࿴һۡ
󣬻λߣץסĸ첲ӵקȻץųţһţϱߣ
ǣһֱſڵȴһȻæ˹
ڿϱһᣬĬ̾˿ͳͧȥ
СûпܣԹԵĸ˽֪ԼѾǵӦúܸмˡҪģȻǲܡ
ٴλ˽ͧʱΧ۵Ĵ׷ļȫΧס
˶ӣСûпôһȺ˻˼ҡ
˵˻ϺҪ뿪֮󣬼СһȫסʼĨᡣ
֪໵һ¿޳
ʱƶǶģҲվڸ߸ųҭ
ǿ޵СҼˣһѵ̯ӣط佫ŴϣȻֱӽ˿ռ䡣
ղʵ̫ˣûüϺǵô߷
һ𣬻Ƿֿߣ
ƣƻϿܻϸߣڶûϴǲǴţʱߣ
Ǿ͵øλ׼㶫
׼ʲôҲˣҲĻŵУ϶ˡ
СҲ˲ҪôˣԼСｫ֮ǰĵģ̫İһְƽնڻıӣɣС˼ʺ˳Եװһӡ
ʵԼǸδѵĺϰߣƽʱöʶһݴţԱʱ֮衣
û뵽Ȼ£ó
ʰã򿪷ţҲûӣԼһȥͻͬסᡣ
е֣ٿ޵úͮͮ۾һӾȫˡ
εЦЦֽӹСĶ̾Ǹĵ˻ŸǴԵġ
С˱죺Ҫǲһ·ϻɶҲ
һ仰˵꣬ıˡ
㣬ֲԺûˣʲôӣҲͷۡ
ʶСʱȻϻҲǰԼŮһۡ
ЩҲû޳Ҳе㲻֪ôźˡ
룬ָָȥ˵
˵߹ȥԺŹϡ
С߽ݡ
ŷλӦ׼뿪²һˣǵѾʰ롣
ӵ˵ϣҲѾװ䡣
еûڣԼǹעʵ̫ˣѾþûסĵطȻҲᵽڲ֪¶
ҡҡ֣ͣǵݽǱܵģǰ֪ʲô޶˵Ĳ²⡣Ҳûа취ǰ˵
㲻̫࣬ûκιϵʱǷңҪҲġ
뿪
˵һ£ǿ˵С㲻ܣʵǺܼܿҲһ
ʲô˼ǻٻ𣿡Сȵʵ
ҡҡͷˣϹͷˡδýˡ
δ˵ϵʱЩ춼ûл֮ͷ˺ܳʱ䡣
ЩϻΪ¹ε˼ȴڵϴʮ꣬һû뿪
ǣô棿Сٴ׷ʵ
ĬĬٴ̾˿°ɣûʽ֪֮ͨǰ˵ҲӦø͸¶Ѿȷ˵ģҪ֪ͨҲ¶ˡǰ˵˵ӦҲûʲô
˵ţȻѹֳСߴ˴գС˵Ҫˡ


107 
СκĻ˼, İ춼ûô˵
˶֪λ˵ĹϵãΪΪ˵뿪ܡ
ֻԼҲ˭Ȱ˵ġ
Դ뼸Сһ˭Ҳȥ, ҲԹԵ˻
˭Ҳ֪ʵ˿̵С˷ֱܣ𾪡
˵, δ쵼, һȷʵΪ½Ժɹϵʾġ
ͬʱһ񣬾˽, ΪһĻ׼
½ͧƸһ֮, ݵ롣ͬʱҲ˽κѡ˵ѡ
ͬʱ, ΪµĹҪͶҪµļԱ롣
쵼о֮ͬǵ롣
ͬʱǵפ, رǸɲڵϴʱѾʱ䣬Ҳ׼ûڽڴ󻻷
¿ɲС, ȻһܹɵģҪȫ׼˰ŽԱ, ͬʱÿפԱµİãһ
ԣ¶Ҫʱ䣬ȫź֮ǰô֪
˵СȥҲš϶ǽӵй¶ȥ, Ϊ
Ұ, һͷ, ˵˵ˣ˭Ҳûʲô취οҳҲͬ˵
㣬̫ܣҲи˼׼
ӦҲò̫ˣóﻮҲҪǰﻮ
ֻҪ˵ˣǿ϶ټĻᡣͷ޶ŮͽǵԼĺˡ
Ҫȥãȥˣ֮һͶȥ
Ҳ᲻Ҫɣ
˵˺Щ϶һЩοĻ˼ˣ¶Ҳ࣬𷴵ñ˵һЩ
Сȴһֱе
ӻϣ뵽
ѾʮˣѾ˿Գ䡣
ǰһٵĶҪ˳ĻᣬҪطా
һֱԥ
Сͽܣһ͸·˼άģʽһޣȻǴûҪڹȹһġ
ɾ£ȴԸߣ˵˵ȥʵһɡҲʦˡ
˶֪СĻƵġŷܱߣĵطȥˡ
һ˹϶Ҳزˡŷˣ˵С䡣
᲻ʦͽôҲ벻ʵĽ
֮£¾һϣţôȥˡ
С˺ܶࡣ
ڽ֮ǰԼʵеججġֻŰӹþ͵ˣȴûʲôԶĴ㡣
Ҳûпȥעߵˡ
ϲˣ·Ҳǰһ硣
Щ֪ʵ֪ġֻһֱȥ룬Ըȥ԰ˡ
СһûʲôˣⱲӾͰ鿴رء
ϣ׽˶һ𣬴ҺͺĹӡ
˭뿪ﶼرܡ
ǣˣԼô룬ֳöܽڱΪĻϡ
ﷴظһ仰ûвɢϯ
Ǳ˺קһۣ¶˾ģҪȥͽܺúõ̸һ̸
ÿһ˶ӦԼǰߵʱͲҪհǰ˺
ôȥˡ
Сţֱӽ˿ռ䡣
һΣһȥͷͬ
ʱʱ򣬰˵ŷӦûʲôˡǴ˿̣㻹ԶԼСǱߴ˵
ϸԼԼκǼɤСɵһ¡
˵кܶûˣһʱĲû
Ҳ֪ŷǱֳʲô£ȻҪͼκһˣ
Скܶʣȥ͵͵һˣǻסԼĽŲ
ȻȷͽǿԼģûǵһŷЩµľһκѵʱԼҪȥʱǲ㿴ϡ
֮Ҳû¶
С֪ΪκǸˣΪ̫˾һԵʡ
ɲһ֣Ըٴա
ʱǴӴŷȥһ᲻ᱻʲô˿Ӱ
СԼðա
˺һκѵȥһµ׷ʲô
ǱƺæѵϺִ˰ᶯε
Сȥˡ
֪Լ˵һСʱж࣬ٴȥŮǿ϶õġ
֮£ֻôӿռҡ
һ
С˯𣿿š
˵Сһ
ʶĿһԼϵʮ֡°ʱ仹úأ
ôˣ
æӴȥţʲôˣôˣ
˼ֿƲסĽš
Ķͷƺǲûɽüͷչһ㡣
鲻ҲܲԷٲҲѷȳˡ
˵ţӸĶӹ룬Ȼ»¡
Сһý롣
һװ׵Ĵ׷ʮƬеñģ㳦֮⣬һýĺɰϲԵسϹ
Ȼֻһ򵥵ķԿó󱦺Ͷ˼ġ
Լ֮һֱĲɵģһ˯ͻ˷䣬˳ԡ
ǰѼӶ˰ɣ
ŵȱˡ
뵽Ҳеûڡ
벻£ȰôŷҲҪԵġٳԵ㣬һֱء
ϵĲ̫࣬ˣʲôرصġֻҪúñүӵٻʮûһ⡣
СÿӰĲˣѵõĲ䷳Ķ߶߶˵ͣʵеܲˣֻεĿ˿ڡ
Ҳǵ
Ѿ˵ˣ˵ȷʵΪʱ̫ƣ͹ȲŻεģʲô˲õĴ󲡡
Ѿû֮ǰôˡ
ΪҲҪߣ̾˿
ϱλ˵ĸжҲ֪ģ²˵ˣ֪ҪôȰ
룬˵ʵҲôܣû׼ܼܿҲһ
ô˵С׾ˣ˿ӡ
뿪ʱ˼һٽ̫࣬Ϊѡ
ôԼһûʣҪ˵ˣ
ı飬Цһ£˵˰ɣҶ֪϶סһʲôø˵
ô˵Се㲻ˣҲû˵ʲô
֪û¡ŵıɣȫûһҪԹ˼·ǰϢ͸¶Ҳûʲôϵһ㡣
СӾˡ
˵ĸ첲ϴһ£Ҳ˵
ſһۣ㲻ܡ
ôһ˵С˾ôͲˣȻܣ˵ʲôʲôʱỻڣǶȥĶ
һʳЩǷġ֪ϱ϶ûʲôˡ
ȻָָСǰ룺ѷ˵
һ㲻ҾЭļơ
Сӣһ׷ȻԲ۾˵
ŶʱЦ
Ц֮󣬲¿˿ڣ¶Һһ£ֽ׶ȻܶԴҹǸĳﱸҲ
رһЩҪλʱ֪ͨȻʱֽš
˵һ£רԺ󲻽ӵϳ룬ܻˡλǳҪ
ԣСھ͵ÿʼĥúõλ˭ʣ
ɩ㲻룬ҺζҪȥǿ϶ǺһҪ뵺ˣкʵѡ𣿡
˵СıҲ΢üͷʼ˼
զܽ𣿡ʵ
𣿡Се㾪ȡ
Ͼϵʱ䶼ˣӦҲڻԱŶԡ
רмλϻƼĿС鳤϶ǲ뵺ġǹޣߡ裬˶ڵϣôܻߡŽ͵
أ
ӦûߡʯһҲڻСʯͷӦҲһµ
ĵڶ꣬޸һʯڡ˵ĶСʯͷҲˡ
Ȼʯµ˵ͺҲҪ뿪ġ
ֻǣĻҪ棬ɾˡ
Ϊ˻ϣȣСҲֻˡ
һ£˵ڴ°ôЩ꣬ӿ϶һû⡣һֱûϹҲ֪ˮƽô˵ҵÿ
רĳԱǣ࣬ʳһСһֱھŬ뷽跨ṩõġ
ԣʳҪߣڴԱˮƽҪҲߡ
ͺûа취ʱôףöҲô࣬Ϊڳշ棬ʵǽ̶̲ˡ
Ҳһ
˽˹ϵٺãˮƽУСҲİһ
Щ뷨ȻҲ˽ġ
˵ͷУȥ°˵һͷȸһΡ
˵ֳҲ̫ģҺ¬Ҳ˵¡
¬Ҳ˵ˣרԱԷǴ£ҲһõˣҲ̫ܲԶ
Ҳ¶ȡϵ棬һˮƽõĴԱ
ô˵С˵ͷʵȴǺܿá
ˮƽһĴԱңͺԼ磬ЩҲ˲ͽܣˮƽ
ǣսʿڵϴͷ̫תɡתɵô٣ϾûϷ
ڵԱææһҪȥȴûʲôᡣ
ͺ֮ǰƽõˣʵĴ°೤ɾΪת˸ɣͷ͵뿪
һԱĽһ
뵽С޲ھȥҲ̳
Խ룬ԽҲ󣬲Ǹѡ
ҪУӾͻúܿ졣
ΪҪְֵḶ̌СûйȥĥЩܵ¶ˡ
Ψһǵֻ£
֮ȥһŷԭŸͽӣ쵽ô£
һ򿪹ţȿ
ڼҡ
֮ǰκŷ˵ģҪ׵һȥɽסһӡ
ˣİ徲һҪô»ᵽɽȥסһס
ǰҲ岻ãƢθɽЩķеԲˡ
ԣκѡ
ΪһϺ˹۵ģôЩʱʱĶһЩԵġ
ÿһܺϺθڣ⡣
һΣκһѡе˾
ǰҲûзСҲɽ
ԿҲû̫⣬ǸʼڹɽҲûʲô
ȻﲻȥˣȻͽ˼˵ϡ
ºܿ͹ȥˡ
Смüȥŷûл
Ҳ֪ǹסÿˣƳ˻ʱ䣬гﵢˡ
ڵ¶Ҫ꣬һϢûеʱСеסˡ


108 
, һֺþûгֵļ¶ٴϮһ磬СֻĻҡ
Īľֽű, ˵ץסˡ
е㲻, 緹ǿ, ȥһеĲ, ˵
ϽȥɡҪҪȥһ۰ôɫôãæߵ, һĵı顣
û˯ãȥԵҩС͵ûˣҰ˰֣ͻԼҡ
, һ˶Żˡ
󱦳ȥͽСĸţǵȥ棬˭Ҳڴ˵
, Ͻһˮ˽ȥ
˼ļµҩ˹Ů, С˴ϡ
ҩ˿ҲʧȥЧãһĻ
СӴҪȥռ俴
ƽʱ£ѡϾһҪڿռɶ£ûܹõ˶ûлᡣ
, Ҳ˲ˡ
С΢΢۾, ĬĬһȥռ䡣
Ϥѣθвûе
е㾪, ԼȻ, һҲûж
̫Ѩ, °۾ϣٴȥŷ
ǣȻûκζ
üͷ
Ǵûй龰ŷʱ
ʱֻܽԼСӣǵ߶ĵطʱ򣬺ôܰƬɵĵط
ռҲȥûз
⣿
СŬ˼Ҫҳƽʱﲻͬ
Ϊ״̬̫岻õԵʣ
ȥҲֻһˡ
ɻشϣŬıԼ˯ȥ˯һˣͽˡ
ڼ٣ʱܴɤһ
СԼͷʼ飬ֽűķص˸յʱܵĶ
ŬıԼ˯£˯ţ
ڴϣʼ䣬ô
СδйĿ⣬ֻȥ̫ºúõɹһɹɹȥĺ⡣
ӴŬ߳˷š
Ժ룬һʯͷ֮ǰ˰ʯ壬ɹɲ˵ġ
ʱֵ£һ̫ʱСߵʯͷǰֿסʯԼڳȵ֮С
ǣǹ侢ûȥԽԽǿҡ
ĪĿֻŽС˰ΧסˣִĵӿľƲסɪɪ
Ҳ˲ԼҪ»᲻ᱻ˷ˣһΧСĲ֪Ķȥˣ󶼴ڳ
СƵʯͷ棬ӡ
һα۾ĬĬȥռ䡣
ûзӦ
߬˫ȭ
ȥ
ȻûзӦ
ȥֿ⡣
ٴûκεĶ
СƲס˳
Ҳ̲סˣҭȥŷȥŷߣȥܼκεط
ıۣϵ̬ȴϤѣΡ
ǣѣûеȵȵȵһת
ֻԼ·һӴͷصֻҵһϥһˤ˵ϡ
۾ԺһƬѡ
ʯϣȴܸоʹֻܸоǿҵѹȸС
ԺеҰŤ룬˾һŶӱ˭˹ڷķ
Ҫ˵ҪУȴһҲƺʲôݺݵĶסͣˡ
𡭡ˣŷûˡ
СһƬ
ˮʪҲȫȻ֪
ĬĬĺ仰󣬾Ļԡ

⡣
ĽŹϣȻһקסİ״ӣȷɩû£
Ҳһĳݡ
Ӫıʣһ£ûҰѻ˵̫
ӸɩûʲôµġѪҺ鶼ûзʲô⡣Ҳûʲôˣˡ
Ҳʹ󱦣Ҳûɩˤӡ
Щ㶼˵ˡ£͸ɩΪʲôεΪʲôһֱѲ
ŷĴĻٴαʡ
ϵıֿ˼֡
ɩӵΪʲôεĶ֪ô֪ʲôʱѵĹ
ϸĻϸڣȻ̧ͷе㲻ȷĿšС˵Ӫ˵ɩӻ᲻ˣ
ˣʲô˼ŵüͷøˡ
ʱɩһֱֹ˵ˣˡ󱦺Ҳ˵ǷɩӻȥʱҲ߶ˡ
˵úõô뵽ˣǲ˯ˣȻеֲκʵԼԼˣ
˵˵ŵһۡ
ɩεԺˣԺ˯ţҾþˣô̫ɹҲǲܡϽȥٸɩӺúÿǲˣϽȥ
ɩӲģȷû֢״
Լרҵˮƽһǲ̵ģӪҲҪ粵䡣
ǿǼҪըëı飬˵䣬ʶı죬߻˲
󣬿ĵطŵüͷѾšһ
˵ϱˣһȻûгϣﻹǴһͻ
˲֪˯ͬһŴϵȴ֪ģóһʱϱе
ʼʱΪΪλ뿪ϰߡ
Ӧòˡ
Сƺʲô£һֱһֽƵ״̬
öܸоڰҹȻȻһܽŵӡÿ˵ûʲôˡ
Ҳûʹ˼˵Ϊ뵽Ҫ뵺ˣеš
Ҳһֱòʲô¡
ϾɽͱĵطͬڵϹʮӣȻҪ˭ﶼв
˵ϱһмµˣԺҲ̫δ֪ԣ롣
Ҳһһ޵˯ž
ԭΪ²Ȱ˵ӦҲͺˡ
ôˡ
رڣܾ֮ǰԼӵĸܡ
˭ϱ˭֪Сһر¶ˣֳ¶
Լ̫ĴˣϡͿģ㳯ϦദϱĹעҲ̫ˡ
뵽Ͱָ˼֡

Сǵڶѹġ
ۣ۵İһ£ȻŷӦ˹Ӧ
±۾֮ǰЩٴӿС
ֻʶģֲЩʵЩ롣
Сеĸо﷢˴ŷˡ
磬ôˡ
ڴϣˮ˲ۿòĵĽͷ뱻һһȥ
ˣ
ʱһϤͷ𣬽һֻס˱ӵһǣͷ棬á
šСӦһȻͷ̧
ؼҰɡ˵ľ⡣
һ۵ʶսȭͷ
ǱȴҴһ˿һ
ӵºˣȰοѹ߰ɣٹ㿴
СҡҡͷȴᶨˣذɣҲҽԺ
ô˵ûٿֽ
ǰôԼСȻҪһֵģ̫ˡϷ޵ģôƾЦ
ȫһ㣬һ㾢ûС
֪ԼߣҲ߲˼ģǻԳƣ̬˸ӵĵġ
û˵Ĭ˵ľٶֻٴα۾
⸱ӣеǵɫӵˡ
̫СʲôҲˡСȻԼſε˶һ
һȥţ˻ûңϤѾԺſڹˡ
ǻ˵ıﶼд˹ġ
ֻǴʱСֻտյģһж᲻𾢣˺ھӦţȴ۾
ĲʣʹҶΪȴûһǰ
ŽŻҴϣȷȷʵû֮󣬾Ĺţ˳ȥ
Ȼһӣſڡ
ڷűϵһ̣Сۡ

ܹо˾ſڣҲ֪˿̲ʱʱ˻ΪĶ̽
˲ˡ
Ľ˲ôЩˡ
ͽĶ
ⳡ漰򵽵жûΣգ
СֻԼĶҪˡڶ޲Լȥͽ滻
ûйĺڣڵ޲ȥ
ǰ͵䣬˳ĳ
ΪΪǹϵڡ
һӲһ٣СãԼҲȥˡ
ͽͷһðϢʹУСûõֱӰˣܻɴЩ
ٴα۾Ĭȥŷ
ޱȼᶨ
ϤѣθٴϮ
С۾ʱԼ»صԼڹС
һûκε
ϷŵĸȻʣݽǵǹ޻ƾƷҲûаˡ
Сȴоһ˿ϲɫ
Ϊһֱ֪ԼСһĴڡ
ʱƺԾֹģеĶỵ
ŷͲǣĶߣͻ䣬ҲӲ
̽ԵʹȻ֪СݵĴڡ߹С˵֮ǰǼѾŸ˱ĹŮס
ܳһʱ䲻ҴΧÿιﶼҪܺþá
С˵ȴһֱڵġ
ףĶãŷǱƽ¡
ٴζ˵ˡŷ֡
ѣθٴγ֣۾ʱȴԼڵλԺ⡣
ŷ֮һθǵ͸ϡ
ܹĿһУȴ벽Ҳá
ɼϣҲܿʱľǶôĴĿģ
ŷǽһݶƬһأˤϡá
ʱӦ緹ʱ䣬ʱŷӦвˡ
Ӳлϱܹóʱǵľ֡
ưɢһأǺŵĶ
ΨһСеһİǣɻ֮˴ȴûŻ
Ŀֻ֮֮һصˮûκλѬڵĺۼ
˵ʱĳ֯ģ뿪ʱûǽ¯Ϩ
СĬĬԸš
Ȼܹ˰Ͱĳ룬ǲ˵ûʲôԱ
СͽܣӦҲƽƽİɣ

ĵĽһ£ûа㶯
ӦС˯˰ɣ
ֻ̧һδչҪȥһûкһĺǣһſڡ
֮ǰרŽйȥ˵ˣ˵ϱ˼ء
ͬʱʱʲôҲʣСϢʱ䡣
˵ҪĲʲôŽ⣬İʲô˵
ԣԼʲôҲˣʡЩµ˹ϱ徲
뵽ͦͦˣøֱˡ
ɾʱոձߵĴһ˽ɵ˼ַꡣ
ٴλʾ뿪
û뵽ȴָָԼ
ſղűŵס˵塣
һ¡
Сû֮ǰȥרܵ̽
˵ЩҲˡ
ҲΪˣڼϱ
Ӫ¶Ȼλϴš
ȴܵˡ
ǸصıŴϼġ
Ҳɵɫ
ŴӰվʵ磬ʲôˣ
ˡͳ˻ƣһ˿ŵĲ


109 
ˣ̫, ڶûüԼ
ӦæŬסѹеʵˣ
EС
Eа
˵ɽܱ, ΢΢һ
Ȼ̷ӦEоھԱ, ٹ
ٴοһ
𣿡
ȥӪ˵忴һۡ
ŵ˵ͷȻֽй˻һ߹Ĵ, ָָңס, ȥ
˵꣬һ첽뿪
ǸϵӪʱʯڻмӪܾµĸɲѾˡ
ȻҲ֪Ϣÿ˵ȫ˵ĽǣսŶء
λϣʾ֮, ֱת绰ʱ˵
˵֮һ, ż˵Ŀǰ˽⵽ЩԱĻҲ˵, ĶǸӵ٣¸ôﶼӦú
Դ, ΪˣΪ岻ݴǵġͬʱҪʱ׼, ָӡ
֮ǰѾʹ˵, ֻʱΪûľ׼
, ˡ
ߴңΪ, ɳ˴ĲǰȥԮ, ھǱߵľȱ
ԭ׼׻ļƻǰ
, ʯڵһǾԱպ뵺ǰµλ
Ա㾡Ͷ빤
Ҫ𴦵Աʱȴ֪ͨ
ͬʱΪҲɳ˴ľԱҲԱţѷ
ûжĽͧνͣ뵺ԱļҲҪһ뿪
Ų֮ٿȥҪȥĵط
ʱѽƻ衣ҲζţҪ뵺Աֻһʱ佻ӹװ
ΪʱȣῪüΪݡ
󣬴ͶŵĹ׼ȥ
Ϊһ֪ԼҪȥǹϢǰҲ˳ﱸţԹһܷӵҲץ
ûз֪ͨüҲҪһߣȫûһ׼¡
һȺСӣһӵĶ
ҪǣСڵ;һ״
ΪûбκѵţҲͻϢҵһ£ѹ֣굽˼㡣
壬ھ֮ǻ˾
һһ뵽ľС
СôˣõûУǵʵ
ͷʰųĶûп
üѾڶڲסˡ
Ĭһ£Ȼ̧ͷ̽Եʵ
Ҫٸ˵һ£˵ߣСͺٶһʱ䣬˵ʱһһ뵺
ˣһߡֱӾܾ
ʵڿʱԡ
ôءľ֮һ꣬ʱȫҪͶ뵽ЭEнֺؽĹ
ʱͨ϶ޣ𳵣أ
οһûĻӦǻCʡģ;ȫ
ǲȫ̻Сͺӡ
ЩӵȥˣΪܵԵʣ϶ר˻͡
鲻ˣٹʱҲһܳĳˡ
ѲСͺΪԭһֱߵϣһֱɵóֻͲ
Ƕʲôʱˡ
Ǿˣһɼȥ˾ǺæʲôҲܹóһ
Ǹʱû޶ġ
£ָӣﰲźʹ󲿶һжʵ׵ķʽ
Լ뷨˵˼һ£ҲȷʵʵģҲûȰ
һ۶ڹӸǰļֵܣȻ̾˿˵ˣϽؼȥɡСǸ㲻ȥæŪʲôأ
ͷҲû̧զ֪Ҳȥæ˸кˣôʰš
ȰŪȻͲˡ
ҲлΣɶҪʵģҪ˵ģϽҿɸˣϱ岻ãһ춼ڼϱɻ
һʱ䣬ҰѶʰˣȥˣҪɶû㡣
壺

뿪ʱСѾӿռˡ
ڴߣôҲ޷
ӰӰ´µ˶ں˵ʲô¶ǻģеֲʵ롣
һȻ洫һžž˹ѹɤ˵
Сеסˡ
Ȼ黹ǵ䵽˼㣬Ҫġ
һѵˣôȫΪһֱôġ
ǿվ˺һͷûôˣ߳ҡ
һžѹڳˣ㣬㻹ô󣡰ﳳˣСĸɨ㣡
ȻǶ֪ίҲǹġ㣬ҰŰɣһǱҲеطܴأ˺þûӸŸģҴŰɣ
У˵ˣ˱ƷʲôϽһҪߣʲôûʰٺҸ˵ҲˣԼסɣ
椵ԴŽꡣ
Се㷢ԡ
ʲôһҪߣ椣˵ɶˣ˳ȥ
ôˣЪŰɣǼʰˣ㡣æܹסĸ첲
СڹŮֱģû¡أô£
ҵӪ˻˵ˣúһ뵺Ƕúһߡ
˵ﶫҪãĵ˾ð졣·̫Զһöࡣ
˵ѹϵ¶˾ͻʰţý㡣ȥ°Ǳֽˣ˵ȥܲŪװ˵ӻ
椵Сһ仰ͽ齻
СȻ֪ΪʲôôͻȻ֪ɽȻˣǾִֻС
ʮԺӣѷŵĸСһۡ
һʱ䣬ҪЩȫʰߵģ˵ģҪ˳
мļˣԴöȣȫҪ׼
˻ãĸӣ켸ҹ·̣ñһ㶼ø
󱦺Ͷ椣ô֮ǰǴȷӪôһΣСĴӳû¹
᲻ˮ̫᲻Щÿǽȥ
ɲطûȰѺǵˡ
Խ¶Խ࣬ԽԽʱ䲻á
С˲佹ڶûйȥˡ
ռʱһ춯Ҳûв

Żصҵʱ춼ѾˣǴԶһƬ
궼ûôֹ
߽һĪðĸ֣ɹ
ģöݴʱľ
ԺʶҵС׽
СӰѶʮֻ׷Ȧܣһһ߷˻ߵĿ
֪ڰıͣʽǣɹɵĺǣ̺õҬӿǣһһķָЩСǣһ߷һ۵ֱ
ǵúģ۾ﻹӲȥỨ
ʱſڵ̨ϣıһ˸ϵıᡣ
Ƶģһ˭ҪǸҸߣ͸˭ƴļơ
椺СվԺǽ
ﱧһǶ·޵ứģͷͨ졣
ź⸱ӣҲܡ
ĬĬ̾˿߽Ժ
ߵСӸǰʱԵԴһѣŰɣû˸
û䣬ͱʰС˻ȥϹŵӦ֪أ󱦣أţʱ㱳
һ仰Ҳҿһ
ظ˵һû£ұ
ǣʲô֪أ
ʱܲܺͼһ߶δ֪⻰˵ö鰡
СڴСεĸɿЩҲȥСǷ˰ɡȵ˾µģһѣ
ô˵ʱеĹʱ
Сһ˱죬ٴνӽıڻ׵Ҳˡ
ϱõˣæˣ
ϱ˵Ҳ˲öˣ󲽾ͽҡȻͿСڴϵĹǰʰ
ԱѾ˺üֽ䣬滹ñд֡
ʱʼڡ
֪ԼˣӪ¶ٶһ㡣
ؼʱֵܸɻӦ¶
ϱţôôصĻ
ԽԽΣȥҪС
СȥһЪָӣҪʲô
˵ٺСҲİЩ
һɵ߰㣬ʱ䶼ûС
ָָʰǼӣãôȥֳˣ⼸ӰſڰɣͶһҶ͹ȥ
ȥʱһǵø˵˭ҲͶʲô񶼲ҪԵĺȵ׼ĶУǧͣòˡ
Ա߿˿ֻЩûڵŵȫЩСиþߡ
ϵֱַдɩӣʦߵıȽϽھӵ֡
óϸĵķ࣬ȫǰոҪġ
Щˡ
ȥǰϱʲôֲǲСʱˡ
˵ȫָˣšСһεǿء
˵Ļ
˵Ű˵˵С
˵Ѱ˼˺þãԽԽ¶øѡ
Сϱ˰˵Եˡ
˵۶Ǿˣֻ˵ֵཻܣĥⲻ˵˵ĸûһ
Űǰûʱ˵ǴԵϵġƽʱԣԵϸһ㣬ɹؼʱͻԵ˿Զ
ҽһֱĥ˵ǼСӦҲ˰ɣ
εڹľôᶪͷôҵɽأ
һΣEǧ·̣զܸܵأ
Ҫ˵˰֣㲻øҽͣ˵Щûκ˼Ҿ㣬࿴ŵϱ
Ƕ˵Բֵġôţ³ֵʱǲǻӰ
һСôãΣաһεԺ
ǵöעһС壬ΪЩµ㲡
˵ʿɶֹˣҲ֪⻰ⲻǺ˵ġ
ȻţѾ󱦶ˣǶСǰ˵¶ġ
ȻˣһŵѾγˡ
ΪһˣЩȻ˵
ڽ˵ǰҲȫûЩ롣
ԽĥԽ˵һϱ϶
ж˼δ󲡡
ԽԽģš
뵽ˣŲϱĲ⣬߹ȥӲǽ
Щȷţȥ˶ʰ
һ˵һקСߡ
ȥԷԣԵһңô˵Ҳôģѵõң
Сεߣһ߶߶߶
Ȼ֪Լһ뵽ôһѻûиɣĳʳû̲סϻ
˻ĥŲߣһķ
ϽߣϽߣͻĥ䣬ĥϾͶ˯ˣ
ԭļˡ
ϱǿţæ죬Ūˡ
оԼ۾һĸԼܣ˲ˮһ
֪СǻˡоԼˣӦⲻˡ
죬㰤Ҳ֮¡
Щ뷨С֪ҲϾ˼֮󣬾ȥ˳
֪첻˵ĹѼķ˸ˡ
רǱߵķҲ͹ȥˡ
Դյ˵Ҫң֪ǽ϶رæǴ໹˭ҲûҶҡ
СҲͺͺ˵˶Ƕţ˭˭ԣȡȥʰԼĶ
ֻһ
ǰһ
ΧˣҲûôŻţСźȻܵ˿ռ
ͷһеĸܵĺ
Сɫһ䣬ȻվҲ˲ʲôԷԷˣ첽˳ȥ
һصңһѽŴסҲϾȥǻ᲻˸ŽٶȽ˿ռ䡣
Сվһܣһ糣ȴٴϸĽŲ΢˵
Сһϲ
˶
һͻͻҪɤ۵ģ￪ʼĬȥŷ
һΣûκ谭ģֱӳǸС
ֻСܵƻҲͦصġ
ֻһȴһӰ١һȣĴֽҲóһһӿ϶дȥǰޱȡ
ϤǸѾûˡ
ѷЩ˲ᣬ鼮ֽţӣļҾߣȫӦεбٻȻ˳ȥ
ֻõǸӣΪʱֱӹ̶ǽϵģǽмѷ⣬û̮
Իԭλãȥûʲôˡ
СҵɨһۣͼɴĴ˹ţȻȻϵطµ
ǰдһ䣺ʦû£㲻Ҫġ
СֻȽŷ˵ϡ
ǿһֱǣŵʵ


110 
˵, ʱڹĳݺ淵ǣǻмʮʱС
ʱǻڽ⣬ΧܿտԳ˵һ, ҲûʲôԱˡ
ɹͲͬˡ
üˣ˲ˡϵ޹Ҳһǽ, ҵ, ʱ档
ڹǶᵽȥˡ
Щû, һЩƷϹ˷عʰ
˵ڹʱáΪ˵̫أﻹʱʱѾʺסˡ
ڹǵ˼Щǻʰϸ, Ȼ, ȴŷ
һ˻һᵽٳǵйȥס⻹һ˿ܾҪǰų
˵, 䳬, ǲߡҲ뿪ʳǡϾ, 
Ȼ˵ú, СҲ֪, ͽ֮Щ겻ΪڹܺϵϡҪȥй, ԸҲ㲻ˣҲȷʵûκµıҪ
ּǳʲ, ܹóдʱǳĻҡӦǳ˲, ͵͵ô仰ͼ뿪ˡ
˵, ŷСֿСһЩ, 취ȥߡ
û˵µʲô, ֻ˵ʦͽһϵˣ֮лع
СزҪƴǣ˵Щ⣬ΨһܹТʦˡ

ӲܹóҲǿѹŸ飬Լܵƽ
ֻ龭һη߶˺üСһҪȥСֿһˣм䲢û˵ЩĻ
ûסһ䣺ͽߵʦ
ǼдʲңܹóдʱöŬѹ顣
Сûס۾
Խ֮󣬻ܺʦͽ֮Եһʮ꣬ʵСѾ֪ˡ
֪ûвɢϯ
Ҳ֪ͽѡĿǰܹģȷġ
رۿ˻ʹʱ״Ǵﺦ¡
ʲôΣա
ѡ뿪Ǻ飬С֪뿪ŻһƬء
ɽܲѹ
һ뵽Ӵ˺Ҳ֮գСﻹ˵ܡ
ȥһСֿ⡣
ȥͽһ٣ٶĵ׶Щʲô
һߵֿſڣΪʲôѡ񽫶ˡ
ǲֿһŷȫˣǰǿ鳡ضµʵʵ
Ƕŷر˽ˣһ˸ע⵽Сš
ԣڴʱ԰ȫĵط
ֿҡ
Ȼ֮ǰҲᡣ
ЩľӺ˵ĵڵϣ̫µѾϵ˽Щ̫ϲģɢڸˡ
ڲֿж˸ʡ
ʳɲˣ⣬ֵϣЩӦô󲿷ֶǲֿⱾеģȻܳԣܷŵȫһ𣬶ѳ˶ѡ
֮󣬻һЩȽĸɻɽΣѣ̲ʳġ
г׵ģûѵ;ߣյ󡭡
ЩСѾ֪Ҫ˵ʲôˡ
ȻҲ֪֮ЩǸ벻ЩȫֵǮҲߡ
ͽǡ
׼ʮȫź
ǰŷܳãõöĶȫ˰ɣ
ҲѹҪһٽԼá
ЩҪô£ȻҲǳ˲ٿͷ
һӵĶСѾ˵ʲôζˡ
ǰһģһƬ
תͷĨһѣȻĿֱԵ˹ȥ
ŷ֣ЩڿλãһطԱȱ𴦸ɾࡣ
һ̫ľ䡣
Ǹľʶܶǰͽܵķ
С߹ȥӴ򿪣ҲǷŵ
Щʲôϸӳӡ
һ򿪺Ųӵֲɵý˼֡
һҩ
ּģӦ¼ġ
һҳдǵҽŮǸ̥ķӡ
棬ű¼˱ģļģŻģмµġ
ЩƷǳķӣһͲǴһġ
Ƕ˶壬С·𿴵ͽһҳһҳܳʱĺ֣ء
֪Щ˶˼һģɺ׼˺ܳʱ䡣
Ǳӵ¾ɳ̶Ⱦܹóһܹռġ
ӣСһԱġ
һμ˼׼ɴ򿪿ȻȻһ¡
ǸӣӦü¼Ǹ֬еط
ͷļȷʵСԼĵġܰǸ꿪һƣǼȻǲܵġ
Щʮ֬˪֬۱Ӧò֮
ȴڴʱĽЩȫ¼Ȼ
СӦ㡣
ܺԼһһֱڵŷֿһʱֻ׼
ӦЩ֬˪֮ԼԺӲ֪Ҫô졣
ֻܰЩ¡
ĶСûϸʱʵ̫ˡ
ɲϸҲ֪ЩӦöͽܴæ佫סоõϵĶһ𣬰ȫˡ
ͽܣСֻԼΪʵ̫ˡ
ǴʱѾȫް취
ǿסе⣬СЩȫͻԼС䡣
һͷۻ
ڿռڲͶ˶ǰ˵Ǻ׵ģȫʲô
һΣһĸо
֤µĶʵ̫ˣ
СûйԼСݣҲܹоҪ컨ˣù½ŵĵطûˡ
ϸģٵĻҡ
ӶʰԼĶںСǸҲûʲôע
Ҵȥ˳ڵİһ뷹¶ǣڻ˹
Ȼʼʰ
ųƿƿ޹ޣС˴㡣
֮ǰԭ׼ЩԼƽռɹõĳʳþ߶Žռȥġ
ưҲҪߡ
Ҹ·Щ鷳ɵס֮ûеĻҪȫ׼
뻹˵Щɹɵ㣬⣬ûطȥ
ЩǼ˳Թ˵ģ»һܴ˺ӶӦӦĿһ㣬ʼʱҲ̫Żš
˻᲻ּᷢĶ£СĿǷΧ֮ڡ
˵˶ЩģƵ˾֮൱һʱæýŲմأʲôʱܻؼҶһ
ȥĶû׼һһԺ
ڣȴòЩͷ
֪ŷСֿڵ£Ժܲٽȥ
ԼСҲŲˡ
Щư裬᲻ͽܵЩ⡣
ȻòסǾͱˡ
źʹֳص֮󣬵ȴǵһѱ˻ߵĴС
ҲȫҪ˵ġ
æ졣
ʼʱڿԼϦദмĶͳʱˣﶼеܡ
ɵֻʣľ
ٺ˵ˣСʱԵСˣѾ޶ԡ
ﶼֻһͷϽʰ꣬Ͻɡ
˴ϸͱСǿһƬ뿪һȺСһȴһᶼû䡣
̫ˡ
һգô˵ȫ˯
ޱȵ֪Ҳûпϯ˯⡣
СһҲûС
ϴ֮󣬾˺ͼǾͷֿá
źʯڴ뵺⼸һȥǰտᣬ洬ǵָԱǽһš
Сʮ򱻰˺ա
С֪Ӫֵĸ𣿡˶ûע⣬յĶĵʵ
֪Сҡҡͷ
룬ʣ˵һֵ˾ǾǶ֮ٷ𣿡
ǰɡ
ҧҧ´ǾôϺĶУһҪǰǳ׷ֿǿô찡
˵סС첲ʶĽ˽ҲǷֿ
ô˵СҲɵóĬˡ
ʵôĺֹҲЩ˷ֿ
ƽϵ裬Ͼһʮ꣬ˡ
Ǻͱ˻һĳϦദ
ЩʱһļڱȦɽһȦˡ
ܶ˴ϵһ𣬾Ҳûȥ
˵ӣҲ˶١
Ȧӣƽﵹʲôȫһ
һı䣬ûﲻŻš
ʮʱ䣬淢ʲô仯ʵû̫Ĺϵ
ǲ˽⣬Ҳ⡣
£ûκηģȻҪǷŵһȫȻİĵطһȺȫ˽ˡ
˵ģ£ǶǼٵġ
ôأҲ˭顣
ɽǰ·߿˵ɡС̾˿˵
ȴҲֳ˼֡
СʱԺ󣬴˰
ǽԼҺ˯Сȫ
֪۾ŹǷӴڿ˳ȥ
һһǷû꣬Сһ۵һ¿޳
⴬զͿأһûأһûʲôأզͿˣ
һ޲⼸ͬһ۵һϴͺ˯СǣҲӦˣҲȫһ


111 
Ӵ֮, ˺ͼͷֿˡ
жһһҪܳ;ĳֱȥǷ䵽Ĳӡ
ǣһĸɲ֯, һĿ
·ݵޱȡӵĿȻסգȴΪͨ, ƵҪ, һһ
Щڳڵϵļ, رǺ˵ʵǲʲôǲȫ˿βĵطǳλó
ǴӵĸɲýЩ첻µزµСһǣ޲̽ӳȥ
ʵСһûʲô̫
·ߵ͵, ׯڿȥò, ľһһͷ·
ɾ·СҲûмϵ·䣬Ķôģ
ϸղֶڴ˯һ, ˴þ˵, ӴϿ󺣵ԸСһɳ, ۾ȫô, Ըһľ
ϴʱ, С·ܳ, ΣͬСʱ, ɷ·һתҲ͵ˡ
һ˱סд
Ϊʱ൱սʱ, Ҷæ, еĹһûСдҲֻסⲻʮ, סüΪ
С˸䷿, Ŷסһ䣬󱦴Сסһ䡣
ǣҲ൱չˡȻųѾֶȥҲǰ˰š
⽻ÿרͷ˵ŲǾΧɻ
ĴС֮ǰѹ붼ûģҪ֪ϴʱ򣬴µʱԺŶûгһΡ
緹Ȼϣɺһ͹ġ
˵⻹Ǻǵһκͱ˻б棬Ȼ֮ǰѾϤ
극֮ûмŻȥһ˺úõ˵˻
м仹ֻ˴°һˣ׼õСȫ˹ǵĸСһΧ賤̵ģСĨƵġ
ȴСһ㲻ϺõϢ
ɸ˵ΪE̫أھȫ֮֡һ鶼ҪΪ·
ǹ··;ʻԱΪõĽͨ߻϶Ѿͣˡ
ʲôʱȥǣ治˵
õĹƣȸʮµٶһЩʱҲпܡ
óڵȴ׼
ڵϵʱΪæڰңȻҲ˵Eе¶ԲСʵЩû̫ĸо
˿̣ɵĻǲźȻʶԭȻء
磬Ǹʲô˵˵ɡһˣСҲû̫
ôʣɾͽ˽̫ҵĺ˵˵
ɾЩѾ˹ϢҲĳص޷
һСų磬˭𣿡
ţôˣʲô𣿡еֵʵ
磬ܲܰȥ˵һҲֵС
һʱҲ߲ˣǻɳרŵչǡôæǶһӣǸġ
룬ּ˵Һʹ󱦣һֱר쵼Ӧö֪ģȥ°æӦûɣ
ڵϵʱҲǴ°ģҾҲС
ղ˵ڴ°˶æŸֵսʿ׼ӱͷЩǶܸɡ
ٲˣϴЩҲҪ˰ɣ
ôҲû뵽Ȼĳһľһӣûκ뷨
ܹС뷨ڣ˭Ϊֶ๱һԼأ
Ȼ˵ҲûжȥɻֱȥŲ
СҲûţȥԱߵӣͬеļһ˸Сᡣ
θĶǲӼ䶼
СתɵĻ˵֮˶֮ǰһ𾪺ܡ
СϱͿˡ
СҪȥɻʱûһ˴ùģ޲̾ж
һ⼸˸סһ·ֹ
ô˵ҲϼҴڳģȥɻһȺСһҲ˴
ǾһڲڵСϱдúӺСһȥŲ
ΪѾǰȥк˵ǹųܳӭӡ
ҰǵĸǷֱŵ˴°ͷȥ
Ͼ׼ﻹΪƶװͶ
˵пܻʮ¡˭Ҳû뵽һ¾͹ȥˡ
֪ͨ˵һҪ׼׼ųߵʱЩǻ˰ʶ
ԭֻʱפҪ뿪ġ
һ£˶ˡ
Ϊµʱ·ݣȻ֪Ǳߺͬɶ죬ҲûҪȥ׼ʲô·
ڶµҪϳ·ˣǵ˾Ҫ£ް
Щˣ˭Ҳû׼
˵ҲʶԡȲ˵ȺԹ˶ٹͨȺڣҲûô·ϰĵ
һ˷֯쵼Э֮һЩƥ޻ҰְһӰӵ㣬ٳǰ˵¸˳
ٴ뿪ӪءʶȻھס£ȴӴһûг
ǵ׳ʲôȻûһܹ˵ó
ȻѾȥˣڵĽͨȻӵءԽǵĵطԽ¡ȫصǶھԼŬů
;ͬһ·
·ϵʱСѾļ½ֿˣһҲͷһǸ˱ȥҪȥ²ӡ
󣬳ϳѺʵľ⣬ֻʣСһҡ
ʱʵСѾ֪ҪȥĵطҲǾˡ
ҪȥǾ뾩Ǵһٶ๫Ľǡ
Ѿӵ˽ǾʦλãʱĲEо֡
ڵλ֪ҪǰȺ·ڣǽ˹ȥ

ɩӣᵽˡȽȥЪЪȥðǴ㷹
ǻһʮСᣬںڵģݵģԳʦĸ¡
ͻؼ֮С˵
æˣǴĸУһСϵıˣ˵Сæܾ
£֪ôģҴס
˵ȴҲ꣬СΪæµ˯߲ԴڵȦ˵ܡ
Ҫ˵뿪ɽСŲµ˭ǿ϶Ǵס
ΪӪһԱǵһǰԮľˡֱߣСǶûлʹ׸
һ뵽Сæˣصŷ֣ԼļûˡСͲˣ̲סᡣ
׽ҿжأ׵ġ
ȻСӴ˵ˣڴһǼһӣǲܻȱһӡ


112 
ɴѾһˡС, ಻һھţҲ֪ܰҲ
ֻʱһ£ް취
ô˵, Сûȥʳô򷹡ʱѾϰ˵ˣûбҪȥ鷳
óĸ, һӺҳһ, ϴ˯ˡ
˼켸ҹ, ܹڴϣһȫȻİĻɼҲ˯̤ʵˡ
м䶼ѵģһ˯˴⡣
СǱѵġ
ȻűӣԼ, еľ
۾뿴һ۴, ȴִϵĲȫڵסˡ
⻹ʮ£Ѿô
ȵɽʮ꣬СԼҪ˺ʲôζˡ
˰, Ŵůı, ٶȴ·
ȥӵҿһ, ֹȻȫһСţڱ
֪ʱͷڱ濴ֻССһš
֪⼸쳤;, Ӷ̫, С¸˸Ǳ, ȴûн𴲡
Լ¼תһȦ
Ϊŵļȥ, ʦǷֵķһС
ڼԺȽϿλ, ǰ
һܴԺ, Ժӵһ໹ÿȥ겻СĹ
˿ǿļڣȫǽɫСԺӶƮֹר
СһӾϲˣѾʼĥҪһʵЩռ
ģݾƣʲôⶼǼõĶ
һ㣬¥¥ңһ¥ǹ
Ҳ˵ĸڿ԰ͬסһ䣬мҪΧӣȫԼķˡ
׻ؼ̽׵ʱҲԼӡ
ԺתһȦСֱȥ˳סעĵط
һȥӵˡ
׷ӵĳڲˣǾһ¥ȥ󣬿¥ݵλá
ܴ󣬶ǷΪ֣úשˮ̨зðͲ;ߵ̨档
ǼһңӦ̨ģвһǽĲһͨԺСš
ڿǽĵطһľ񣬷㣬Ƿ㣬úľǲĹϻɴ
ԣϲʳ²ʳġ
ĲãʵС̫ˡ
䣬ɽʲôӵĻͷӱӾͿһԶһЩ
ÿͶҪõĳСҲԷ棬гӡǰѲϴ÷档
ÿͲôϣܼٺܴͶˡ
뵽ʱСһ¡
̧ܣʶԼʱѾڵϣٹרԱǵһˡ
Ҳûʲôȥͷͱӡ
ϾֻԼ⼸˳ԷٸܸϵĶȥأ
һ̣ɵôһȻʧ
Ȱúˣһ취ȥһ˾ǣȥϺ
Ҳ֪ǵôˣ
뿪ʱС˵ַ˵ǻȥĻӦöסԺᡣ
ǺȥԺǡ
˵㲻סҲܹԺˣʱϵϵġ
ӵڣѾҲûкϵǿ϶Ϊǵĵġ
С˾ʣܲдţʲôʱܣ뿪Ӫ
ЩȴûţѾʼ׼緹
¾͸С˵ʦѾǼµĹӦǰˣͷڳʳ
úѾһЩͷŵĸʳҲǰ˻ȻʱʳͶ˻
СҲʱų뿪ɽʶ֪ԺҲûвƷˡ
ΪѾ˵ˣСһǵļƻҪ˯СҲýǣԾֱ緹
ĹȰ׷ϣû˴ӿռóһ±ˮĻףһЩըõĶ˿
ЩǴ뿪ǰɷ׼ģ˵ЩͷǴ·ϳԡ
էҲ֪ȥˣֻǳԸһ¡
λñȽϿСæţһûš
һֱ椺Ȼ˽Ĵ󺰣һүүүүˣ
ûзӦ
˵ʲô
үүүүˣ˵ţСŵĲһקͳ˳
һţͿվڿЦĴˡ
ϣôˣСֱԼ۾
ϲھղŻдŵ¶أôһתۣǾȻ
ľЦŴȤôӭ
ĶܰүүǸɵˣЦС͵
ǣҶɵˡСæӻ
˵꣬˹Ůһѣ椣ȥĶ˵ģȥ˻һӺúõĳԶٷ
ԼҲ뵽һ棬˵۾ҪЦˡ
æ˰ס˶椣С˵ǴˡҪǲ۾͸ǳС˳ԳԡϰķٳԱģôԶ㡣
Ļ´ſ˽һ˲̵·ϻź
һݣСͿŵǸ
ӲûϸǣĿŵһ廨⣬һֻѾɱã˹ë˵İ
֮⣬߰˸һʱ߲ˡ
廨⣬СȵûҧԼͷ
жûмôˣʵģ
ı飬ͬʱЦˡ
ȻϿڣһ԰ڵ˵⣡С⣡Ϊٷ԰ŵƱȫˣһҪȫˣһ裡
˵꣬ͣһ£ƺʲôȻرŵĻ֣ôʲôҲţ⣡
ȫˡʲôҲţ⡭
Ǹ棬Сһûסʶ˿ڿˮ
Ȼͷ֣ﾲĵģֻһһ¿ˮʵ
Сô»ˡ
֮ǰ˵һϢϤһ»ϲ˳͵λá
һ˵꣬ϸ㣬СæȥƬ죬ǴСȥתתˣ㹦򡣡
ô³ЦЦȻҲûƴǣʹľʹӦˡ
뿪СһȵʣǺºѽ
ǰ趼ԺĹʦҲǴС͸Űܵġʱһܸһ꣬ĶСҲǼϼһСųġ
ô˵СȻĵ˵ͷ
뵽ʶá
¿ɲʶСŵרҪȥ
ȥƫƧĵط
뵽Сӵӡֺ˼֡
СЩȥ
ΪҲûʲôտĺܣλһ˰˰Ҳ˽ȥ
Աߣһ߿ɻһߺ˵


113 
Ȼ˵ȫ, ôܣ
⣬ûôĹ
ֻǣλù, С϶Ҫһȫġ
һ۴ˣһع⣬һƬ, һ
ȻҪ⣬Ǿһٳ, Թ
ϴɾˮţСʼҹ
ʱƽʱù˵ļһʲûа취˿ֻ취֮ǰðЩѡĴպϡ
⣬Ѿܸлˡ
ȻСһֱ˵, Ǹʦ֮ǰġ
֪, Լ˵Ĵ̶ֳ, ܹõ˰æþ߾Ѿļˡ
ʲô, ʲôʣӦȫ˵κõĽġ
׼Щư裬鰸, СһһͻûгɼҵСӣΪء
Ҳѯ˲ˡ
뵽, Сĸмֶ֮˼֡
ɸмм˵ʵЩܴõ治ࡣ
ÿһ, ĶǳֵĹ, СҲ⡣
˵ʲô, ЩСˣǹȫˡ
СҲûҵһɰ
⣬ûһɰͺѱ֤ζ
֪˻ҪȥպϣǾǱǲԭµġ
˼Ǵӳվλ˵øţȥõ㶫Ͼ͹
ղʰ˵ʱ򣬻ϾѾ˵ˣѾ⹫˵Ĺϵ
ҲΪϵſ˳ͶΨһˡֶŮֶŮΪɣ֯룬ӾԺĸǵĸס
ֵΪ˱ЧݣعЧͬʱû׾רǣͨݺ󶼻ᱻŵλĸȥס
ûɣ֯Ļط
ϾʲôΰţʲôȼⶼƶȣͬʱҲרŵĵġ
οʱĻϻڣǱص㱣Ķ
ڣСڵĽǣԭҲԺһҪλ
ǵԺֱӾͺͽǾһԺģʦҲһǽǽ
м仹СſԴڲֱӳ롣
Ļȫ淴ھǵĸʤһ
ԣ֪ҪͶǽǾĸʦʦع͸Ŷţλʹľ׼롣
λ׼˻ϵ룬ȴˡ
Լֱ㱻λϴ
ʮ갡һʮ꣬죬ϦദȻ֪˺Сݹϵ
Ȼ֪³ôΪ˱СһңүӻƲǲûΪͻϾ
ǻٴȥ֯˶ûԺˣҪ໥ΪɣҲһŪ˹
²˰ա
ԣʱСԹĳƺϹøҲԸĿڳƲˡ
ٴ˻ƵĸоҲһӱú˺ܶࡣ
Сȥ˿ԱߵСӡ
ԭӦǱһ鷿ģֲڼңټڵԭҲûʲô飬޵ļҲû
Ӵ˿̿յġ
ûüʰİȴȫʱÿΪڡ
ŴãСֱӽ˿ռ䡣
뿪ڣ⻹һι
֮ǰʱͶסһݣ߾ûжϹˣҲûðա
νСٴθо˲ͬǾǡ׸оŷĴˡ
֪ǲΪ뿪ԭ򣬴˿̵ֻܴԼСĬٱ飬˵ŷˣ֮ǰǸСֿҲȥ
ȻС˼׼ģɺȻﻹǲζĺܡ
Ҳûʱܣ滹˵
νɰġ
ǸԼҺӣһκ޲ðŷõģõĶȫռһСҲһԵȫ˵ԼСݡ
ʱҲûϸǵúһЩܲĹߡ
ǶѻûʰĶ﷭˰죬ȻҵһкŵɰɰС⣬ΪһʹõĶ
һʡ¿ˣУҲý͡
ɰһƿƾƣһЩǵȻ˿ռ䡣һֱܹҲͲʮӣʱ󶨡
Ŷ߽ȴֻлһ棬ֵʵøأ
˵ֻһáһȥ˷Сú¯ˡ
˵꿴Сһӣֲʵʦͦõģз绹ԼĲ˵꣬͵ꡣȻܶණҲø磬ȥ˿ܻûУճƷĹóӪܽ԰ﵱһʽɽ
˵˼ЦЦûµʱҺȥתתϼһвסϸСš
һضˣ߹ñȸǱ߻Ϥ
ô˵СҲЦ˼ҵĻԸо֮󣬶ϵӹòپ״̬ǰҪ̫ˡ
ҲΪѹС˺ܶԵʡ
һߺ죬Сһ߽Լóɰ̨ߡ
ҪõˮȥϴһϴĻϺȻһ𶯣
޷ŵò㽫ɰֱӵ˵ϣ
ˡ
ԴûйٶȳһѽסɰȻ˻ȻһŵĿСǴĶŪģ
Сʵһ¡
֮ǰҪôǣɵĻش𣺡Ӽġ
˵ʶﲻԡ
Ϊ˿ⶫܻԹôԶıЩʵõڿøûǸ˼ǡɰ
Ӽģе㲻ŵظĻȻĿٴǸɰϡ
ڿɰϻ̿˿ĺۼʱ˼ǺȻʶʲôһ㣬̲סüĽ˺ü£һȫܽı顣
һżѵʳ˿ڣС㲻֮ǰİɣ
ǡСҡҡͷ
ϵıǺת˺ܶࡣ
̫СˣרôˣûҾǼżãƽʱóĴ١
Ȼ˵ճõĶҪ֪ڴ󱦺Ͷ椽Ļ᲻٣˵ˣǸ鷳
ǻƽʱã
ϵüëӶҪ˸
˰죬ǿ˵С㻹ǻɡûпĻӦǸ㻻һɣãһûˡ
Ļ˵˵ĶСѾͷȻľôڻϿ
ִ˴ԼؿڣùǸ棬˶ҪϢˡ
СϵĻ˵ˡ
˿ܻԹԶȴû뵽һŷõĹӣүȴ˱
ɣһֱİãǽĺô죿ҲûĹ˰е޴ʵ
ȻռﻹмɺࡣСҲ֪óүҲáҿүı飬Ҳе㲻ˡ
϶޲ǹ§ˡ
СĻһ¡
ֶŮһı飬ٿճʹõĺۼ˼һӾͳĬˡ
ʶԼʧ̬ˡ
ȻԼģڶ౻飬ٻ˵䱦
ٿĹүĬĬ̾˿
ߣΪ;ܹǳɡ
ջ֡
ðɡĲһ䡣
Сߣˮϴš
Ȼ۾ճ˹һһĶšҲˣôСಽ
ԼֽŶҪ֪ôˡ
СĬĬȻϴɾ˵Ĺݵ˻ϵĸǰøҪϲɡ
ҡҡ֣Ҫ;ǴҪġ
⻰˵еΥģûأүæһ䣺㻹Ҫע㣬Ҫš
С˵ͷ
Ȼ˵ע¸ɻѹǸĻ
ϴõһһ߱ãȻʣµĲˮ֣гָĴС
ڻȣȻкõһһİ룬ȫϡ
С壬ȵ֬ÿӷ档
ܿ죬ΪͷֱƳе˱΢΢Ʊ佹֬Ҳɰ͸״ˡ
е֬Ҳڳ翪
֮ǰʹһԺú֪ʱʵܲˣ¸磬յ˽
վڳſ̽СԴ
ȳȥ⻹ٵȻأվ¡
Сһߺǳźӣһ߽ǷŽ
Ө׵ıͣܿڻ֮˼ֽǵ
ġ
֪ʱԴӳڣԹĴһֶֻܹù
ӲˣǼûм
󱦺ôԹһΰˮأСģֻᶼûС
ԣʱСĶ˵ջʵ̫ˡ
󵽾죬Ҳ϶첻ߵġ
ǲԣǾͿ֤
Сٴתͷ֪æ˰֡۾ȴҪжǰ̽ţһ򣬶޲ļơ
ʱԣһﲻվڸĵŽż⣬Ķһһд˺;̾
С⸱ӣֻԼĶҪڻˡܹһǿ֮ģ˰죬ʲôҲûС
үε̾˿Դϸһѣүүǡ
Сȱǣȱ⣡СеЦĿСһۣû˵
ǽú¯ûʱСոս⳴õɰڻ
Ľ¯ӽӹȥٶú򣬵ȼȻͽ˳
ɰ˵¯СţСתһȦޱȻĴԱùС֮ǰǿ⣬ӡ
ͷβĸûôϵȴΪĬ
ϿžＫˣ̲סʵ֪Ҫʲô
󱦿һ۷̨ߵϺƤϲˣ廹еۣ˿ɵĻش𣺡ӡ
ֽĿСϡȫѯʡ
˶ķˣ˶ǶأܿСЦŽ͡
˵˼Ҳɵ档
˵ʶô꣬⻹ǻϵһۿСʹڳæµţүӺȻһĶ˵ĸо
һ־Υ˵ģҵĸо
Ϊ緹ҶûôԣԽ緹ʱȽ磬ոʮһ㣬ȫʳóԷûҲѾΧˡ
⣬ع⣬ӣƬһгɱƬģ޵緹νȫ磬ǰδеķʢ
ûгԣֻζҵϾѾ¶ޱȵı顣
һٺǵ̫ˣԴҸոãûסȼһŽ
ŨͳུŴ㣬һʱѾ֪ҪʲôĴʻԼ˿̵ĸˡ
ôһ̣ԼıӶе㷢ᡣ
ζһӻصԼഺʱǶãǵ¡
ζôСʵ
û˵ֻĵ˵ͷ˸Ĵָ
һŻ̾˿е㲻˼ЦСˡҸղһоһˣ
үӵĻҶЦˡ
˶ΪڿСգΨиոҲһĻ΢΢̾˿
ԼӦΨܹᵽѴ˿̵ľġ
ٷһȫԳˡ
Ϊʵ̫ˣ˭Ҳû˭ˡ
Сԭڿ϶ĶϣӲקſڣɢɢȨʳ
һүӵǵ˯ʱɢӶࡣ
ϺȻԼ֮ǰһֱŵǼ£ǵӶ⣬ʵСһʲô㣿
С˼ʵһ㶣һãȻĻʵʲô㣿
һ죬λöûмסأʲô㣿


114 
, ʲôĻӦԺˡûпǹԺʲô
ʲô뷨˵ҺҲǰııһĽ͵
Сһʱû˵
ø˵û෴, ˺ܶΡ
ֻ, һֱ벻ͷ, Ҳе²˾ġ
˵ʵ뿪ɽ, һ㶼졣
̫δ֪, ʵеġ
С˵, ˡеĵ˻һۣͷ̫࣡
СŸ, ûס, ɵɶˡôżʲô
Ҫ˵, ʲôҲøɣ
ڵЩ, źȺиЪЪĻ, Ͳùﰲ
˵, Ҫʲôֲȱٺȵġ
ǾŵĹأЩŸҪײȥ𣿵Ҳǵǡ
ھ͸Сȥ
ҲһⱲ޶Ů, ԺָСˡ
ҲŲЩǮءԺ󰡣˹Ҿ͸С, ֮ǰ, 
ǣ˵ʲôô˵Щأ
ʼ˵ʱ, СЦүԽ˵Խ, ײĶ˵, ϵЦݶʱˡ
֮ǰøڵϺȻε¶ڻء
ôúõģԽ˵Խأ
ʹ˳ĸ첲еŭĿ˵˵ģ˵Ҹˣ
ӣһ£Ȼô¡
˻һۣȻһе˵øأûʲô¡ҽ˵ˣֻҪ֤ҩٻʮʮһⶼûС㲻ġ
üġ
û뵽Լ˵ôһ仰Ȼܹϻôһɧ֪˻ΪԼ˺Сϵء
ϾһֱСʶģǵĹϵҲ׽һЩ
ڵ֪ʵ֮󣬺Щζ
ƽʱϼһ˵ỰЦЦȥˡ
£һ㶼û׼
ȫϻƣСҺ˵ġʱ䲻ˣԺ¶ˡ
Ҫȷʵ㹤ˣǾۡۼҲȱǮȷʵҪΪȡ
Ҫ빤Ǿ͸粻ҺڻһЩط˵ϻ
⻰˵úֱˡ
СûӦһ㶡
ȻϵıҲʼ
ȻԺͻЩ깤ص㻹̫һ
ߵĴ·ߣ˼ѧϣҲġ
ϳ˼һֱŶӵ쵼ʹ۹˿øԶһЩ
ȻСǲǲһ칦򡣿ξ˴ȫʵģԱҲֻһɽ
ɲİвӸ𣬵һ顭ϼţʵкܶɲԵġ
ȻȥЩٹ˽¶
ΧڣΪԼΨһ취һһĽյλҲûʲôԡ
˭ûиԶ裿ô꣬ΪıȡһҲ֮顣
֮ΪСǵ£ڼĺܶɲѾˡ
һߣʲôʱһءҪһ߾Ǹһô죿
ְСҹλǻƻ˶ˡ
õط϶ռˡ
үһҲûʲôıǰ̣ԼֶŮҲ֪Сڵһʮ꣬Щ¿¸Ͳס
ܲĸһ㡣
ЩҲˡ
ӹϵĻС˵ø˵ûģСȷʵҪ롣
ҪǻڲӹĻҲǲԣ˾Ͱﲻʲôæˡ
ҪȥطҸλĻȥĶ˵ǰıı
ȥѧУôҼǵ㵱ҲǶеġĲ˵ȥ̸СѧӦûɣ
ԽԽûȷʵıԶǡ
СĹȷʵǰΪһ롣
ͷӹô꣬ˣɸøӣҲǻ˸ǵġ
˵ôҲܰ¶źˡ
ôҲû뵽ǣǵ飬Сȴüᶨ
ҡҡͷøǱΪҲˣԺҲ׼ٹˡ
˻һλȫһȻ
СЦ¡
ûʲôְɣλղŲҲ˵ֲûûȣΪʲôһҪȥ
֮ǰڵϣΪרǡʳ£ҲģԾһֱȥˡ
ڣôҪңҸﻹҪϸȥҾͲЪꣿ
øҸ˵ѾˣԺҾʹڼֲˣȻһͷ
ȻǸҽѣҾָˡ˵꣬գգ۾
Ǳ飬ȥͺһ
λ˻һۣȴȫӶԷп˲š
ǸʵҲС̫Żˣ̫࣬ĥôѹʲôʱҲ١
ǣǡϢһҲУϢģأʲôʱ빤ѡæҲŲһ䡣
ȻǶ֪СǼҵκӰ졣ϾһӺͱȣȱǮ
˵֮ǰڵϵʱǷĹʻûطȥ϶˲١ڣŵļ𣬹һҶ´ࡣ
ָСְ׬ǼʮǮ
ټϣ󱦺Ͷ椻ԼأҲô
ǾСڲʮ꣬Ժ·вסԸҪǾʹ˼һԣʱ䳤ˣܡ
ʵǶΪˣû֪СµѾܾˡ
ϱҵҵһӣܹϵıǮ׼еʱĪˡ
ⱲӣӴԽһ𣬾£ûһ찲еӡ
ӦרһȷʵΪλ˵ԵʣҲܹϵɣûѡء
Ӽ˿ʮ극ˣСҲٸˡ
ɳֻʲôأ
ʦ
Ȳ˵ԭ֮ǰǵ㶫ЩܼסѾˡ
ҪȥһȫµĻȥԼȫûյ顣
;ͷƤ飬ﲻ⡣
֮ǰᣬ֪Ҫô죬ΪΪطÿ˶빤ͺڵϣǼǾӶøɻ
ϲˡ
Ǿһ취ҲûУôҲҸ
λ˻˼ʶʵǿԲġ
Ȼˡ
ӲͷƤ¿ʼΪʲô׾أ
Ѿˣֲָǵ㹤ңԼʲôҪȥɡ
ڵֻ밲Ĵڼλһǰ
СĲȥˣϸɴཫת˺ϡ
󱦽ʮ˰ɣʡ
ţʮˡС˵ͷ
ôģ
ڵϣǸ룬Ψһĳ·ֻкʹһȥȻȥ
ڣת䣬ӿиѡ
ø󱦣Сѵõ¶һĨݡ
˼ǣҲҪؾǣѶżҸȥ⺢ھһ˼ҪȥҺ˵˶ٴΣˣܸܲھҸɡ
СԽ˵Խ
ǺӣСǸġʱƽ⡣ǾͰͷţҲ
дһ浱С͵ģټһ
֪Сһ˼ȷӪȥĵط游¿ʼ
ȷӪʲôطǰأ
ߵĹϵô΢˵׼ʹˡ
ǰԼڵʱСһ㶼ûĹһ뵽һҪսľð
ⲻĶӣ⻹ǶżҵĶ磡
£ֻҪһͺ޲̰СӸץһ٣
ôô״˵أ
ףôȥľˣŶס
Ӷ룬ԸǺ
˵ģôܹŵÿ
ЩԻȻҲ׵ġ
룬õ˵ȥʹ̸̸ɡģԼ
ҵ˼ڻû֮ǰҺæúôǰȱĹβ
˵е㲻ĿСһۣӣ֮ǰ̫ˡ
Сͷûҿ
󱦺ͶѧϰСͶýԺѧУ֮ѧɼһֱǰé
ӳɼҲûٶܣɷȥˡ
ֻǵϵʦ̵ֻܽгУҲ̲ˡԣСһûϼ꣬Ͱѧȫѧˡ
ֳ˵ټСҲ̲ˡֲ˫̥иѧʵĵ
ƽʱٻˣ̺ѧϰ棬Ҳû˵
ԣ󱦺ͶҲǱŸһѧѧĿĿҲȷʵûѧʲô
϶ʮˡĻСûм˵
⺢ȥѧе㲻̫ʵҲɡ
ϳĬһ£
ȷΧû֮ѹ˵𲻰ѧϰ¡ҺģѺӵѧϰץԺõš
û˵̧ͷĿӽ֦ա
һȻĺ̾һ죬Ҫ˰ѧɣǵˣѧҲû
ʲôС֪֪ؼʱǵ˵ġ
ѧʶǼʶ϶Ҫ֪߳ٱ
Ȼˣ˼˵ʲôǾ¡
ǣܴٶĲ⣬еĺǹͷˡ
ȥҲû;ûŷȥбû˻
ԣͶ椣СģͬʱҲС¿ʼ˳ˡ尾ѧϰ
λ˵˵ͽʳǰȥƱݣ¹һԵȫС˹
Ȼİõ˦ƹһڼһԺȡ
ԺȲǰ׳Եģ˰֮ǰоͧľȫԸȺСˡ
СãѧôԣʵѾʵˡ
ϳżһ£͵֮⣬Ҳû̡̫
ɼСģûĺôˡ
λ˺ȥѰ˴Сѧһֱеȫ׽̲ģ˷ֹһֱʷһƲİŸǼͷ
ƻãĿƣرʷйģǹĴ󱦾
һ취ûС
ܸ񣬸żҾһ¡λүү۾һɣĹôģ͵ôţ㶼Ҷ㡣
󱦴ûһʱһ㣬ôŻͲõʱܵңʱܸװǱߴк׾Ͻ뿪ҡ
ڳ档
ھײʣ¼ʱźȥĲڻˡ
ôȫû뵽ǣһԼģôһֱ߶ŵĴס
ڿͬʱ߽ݵʱ򣬼̲סȫ
Сһ˹ȥе˽Χס꺮ů
С··̫˶
ԭǰţǱһȺ˸һߡ
˸սʱϱ¶һĨϲһˣ
Ȼ󣬾ͱ׵ˡ
վűߣԱΧһŵļˣĥĥ
ĵӿһᡣ
ٿʱǵ˲䲻ɣĶĶ˳


115 
ܹ, һ˶ܻϲźǣһδײڼﳤ
Ϊֵʱãһӷȳ, ܵ˵λıá
ھֹ, õܵļڡ
ǡɾʱ, ڵĲֺǲˡ
ˡ
ڵĶӪҲʶ, ȻҲ֪ǵĹϵ
Զû˵ֱӾ׼˴̽׵, лһ˼ҡ
صг, ʵܹҲڼһܵʱ䡣
һܵ, ҲѾ˺ϲˡ
رһ, ׻ڼһԪС˵·ࡣ
Ҫ֪ʮȥ, ʱ, ⻹ͷһڼء
꣬Ҳꡣ
, ⼸СʲôҲ, 뵽ҪǼҴ׼ʲôԵģȵģߵʱҪʲô
, ĸҲûʲô
߶ôһͷ, ֵǿסı顣
ɾ⣬СҲˡ
Сڻ֪ס
ǰҪô߶ĸ, СӹܵûӰûˡ
Ϻڴܻ̽Ҳܸ, ô˵ҲǴСųĺӡΪ, ǡ󷢴ȱԸĸСһż, Ǻ͸úõ׽׽
˭֪ûȴü͵ϲͱһڷˡ
ҲûľͶλ˵ɱ𣬻үүүүһ˵أʱǸӶġ
ŪŪܰŪȥ
ǿɱģ˵ʲôóô򣬲úѧϰôӳ
˵Ŀһ£Ȼ˵ҪȥԺתתܴĶҿʵľ塣⼸ڼңһߡ
ҪǸ۶ӣ͵Ǿýʹİɣҷġ
ⷬ˵꣬ʱѻȸ
󱦵Ѿڵòܿˣǿ϶ģҲŵ˲׵аԶ
ȫһ㤵ĸ˹Ƶ
椵Сŵģȥˣһ૵ı˼֣㡭Ҵ׸硣
׷˸ۣûи
ֿλͬ𾪵Ӳȥλˣָָ椣УҲϡúѧϰһ飡
ŵöίĴһ˵СĻ
СҲû뵽׻˵ôһҲͬ𾪵Ҫ
֪СһúܣҲǸ˵ġȻһǰô˵Ǿһĵ
Ůͷȴףʲôˣ
⻰ҲλʵģһӵĿȫͶ˴ϡ
룬椣֪ʱԳȥ
椶ʱСͨ졣
֪Ǵ׸лҪ˵Ϊʲôô£͵뿪
һĵãղүүǴӵʱզûԼ£
׵Ŀٴζ֮СŮһӵίҲֻܼѵȥ
ƵܵܵԴϸߣһѣȻĹĵĵߣȥǣ۰Ѽȫˣ
СһҲǡ
˵Ȥأ
ر֪ѵһοԱ񡪡
׸ȻҪý
˶أôߣ
ǿգڿ׸糯񡭡
ڽֵڶγߣ֮ǰ֪ʵʵʱԣŶһ˳ȥ
Сһﶼȥˣߵſڹ˷š
ȻŻļ˵үүﶼڴ˵Ҫָ߿ˡ
һ仰˵꣬ʱüžޱȣһһƺͣˡ
һϲųʵ˭˵ģ
ҡҡͷ
˭Ҳ֪Ҷô֮ǰЩ
ָָǵķ򣺡ǶģǺöѾʼ˽￴пαˡһдţüѧϰϡ
˵򴽣ȻСҲ׼ЩԵĺȵġҪ׼Ūһ׸пαɡ
λȥҲ뿪ʼϰˡǼ٣Ҿţѧѧ϶ûûĻҲˣһأһУһҪУġͿǵĹ󣡡
Խ˵ԽᶨҲȵɡ
λ˵϶¶οı顣
ѧϰϲæǸҲñģȰѴõһߡٸŪЦе˵
ллүүҲûƴǣЦЦ
λȫûһ㾪ȵӣСȻʶ֮ǰ˵ǸҪʲô˼
ӦҲõƵϢԲŻǰŴ󱦿ʼѧϰ߿Ŀγ̣ѼСһܵɣ
׺ﻹүү˵ЩģɵĻƶǶ
˼ˣҲһ𿼴ѧ
ǣԸⰡ
ҲҲѧҪȥ
նԵޱ͵ʱ򣬴˵һ䡣
˵꣬˲ӣ¶һı顣
Ǽƣ˺ȫ˶Ÿɵ׼ˡ
ǴЦСͷתһߣ˿
ھС쵰ԽԽˣҲСʱǸֶֹµСɰˡ
ʱ򲻿ƺãԼһ춼һٻأ
û˲ȥŴ󱦣º͵˵
⺢ӽӴʱ䳤ˣȻ֪ʲôӣ˶ȰϾУӦһģǾˡ
ҲѧҾ뵱ȻһҾӦ飬ߡѵõĺòش˻ϵĻ
뵱Ѿܶˡ
Զµһ𣬾롣
ȥʱ򣬴󱦶Ѿˡ
ʲôʱҲױָźֻܿһӰӵС˵ʲôʱְˣͿǸְ־ڵء
Сʱĺܶһĵ֣ԼѾǲ׵׳ʲôˡ
ܺ£һԼ˵仰Ҳˡ
ǡʱǲǸϵӡǶȫȻʧ
С˵ԶԼסѧʱ򣬵ﻹרøĻ˱ա
֪Ҳ£ԺҲû˻ǵԼǸˡ
ԣ¶˾ģԼһҪҪ
ҪȥȷӪҪոĵ·һ顣
δɵԸ
ڼ˵Ǽҵĺ˭ʮ֮ǰȥȥˡ
ɵ׸ôûšöҲȥ̽
ָֻͷӡ
׿εˣԼҪʮˣڴ׸⣿
ѧﻹʲôѧ
Ҫָ߿һ¶˭˵壿
ôΪĪеĿԷȥ
Ǳǲܵģ
뵽󱦵ͦøֱˣ˵ȵҾ͸˵Ҿ飬϶Ӧģ
˵ֿ꣬С˵ʮͷȥ˵ܲ㻰
ٴΰ
˶ⷬҭò֪ôڡ
ʵҲǲ֪Ҫôڣ˵ÿҲ׺ӵǵ£˭Ҳûа취ܳ
ڴѾʼеϲԼԸϾܹɵʱ򣬴״վ
һ仰û˵߹ȥס˴󱦵ĺ󲱾
һһĵŴ磬ְԼĸ첲ϣ磬ɶ
׳죺ɶġ
ȻЦɿڴ󱦵ȴֻú󼹱е㷢
ӵĽˡ
ȥק׵ĸ첲Ҳġ
ôҲק
Щıǰ׵ģ
ɹˣҲ׳ʵ˺ܶࡣ
ֻǶ˶ڴ󱦲ϵָСӾͻŵĽ
㿴Ҹ磡
󱦿ɲǶ椡ӣһ¿ɲС
СʱǱһ٣ͨҲҧˡ
ﶼгˣСϽվ
֪Ǳ׸ˡ
ףſܣ˵žҪ߹ȥ
ȻҲû뵽󱦾ȻʱЦˡ
һֻеֶСһԴ˹ȥаԽԽˣȻẰˣզأ㰡
⻹أ±˸˻
󱦸ղźʵ鼱֮¡Ҫ̫ˣ´׸ײŤתľٴνˡ
ԣڴʱһûԡ
׿ʼԼ䵱ʱСһﲻˡ
ҲԼڸġħצ֮ˣǺɤӶ𣺡Ų䵱أű˻أƾʲôô˵ң
Ŵţ˶
Žѵ°һŻ˵˵˵СҲˣĻᶼûС
һԺţǿԼСŮСſڶ̽ͷ̽ԡ
ûüڸɶȻ洫˶ӴĺС
ü
ýҲ֪С쵰ˡ¶ǰҲû
ɡˣ
զô˻أ
Żţﲢֻһ
Űſ͵СİһߣԼ˽ȥ
ɶأĿ˿ŤһŵСϡ
ȳŴüɽаԽԽȥˣᵱų͵ܴܵˣ
˵ôڨڨȻɿ֡
ֽĿת˴󱦣ʲô£бºӺɷ򣬺ʲôߣӾǸɣиƨã
ϽɣСӺΨ²ҵ˼ʹһ¡
ֻԼ̫Ѩۡ
ϱˣҲٴСӣȳϴ˸кȻסСһǵԱߡ
¿ӣ˵˵ɣɶ
һֱڣظһһôղ˵Ƿʵ̫ˣ
ݺݵĵ˴һۣȻһͷŤһߣȴͱյøʵʵ
ٲˣҲûڵǰ״˼
ŽĿӶӵƿֿ˴ס
ڲӴ⼸꣬Ը֮ǰֱͨͨһǱòôӲˡ
˴󱦵ķһסļȻҲشŵĻǳż˺ٺһЦ
үүǱˣҺʹ󱦵˵ֵҲþûһ˵ˣȥġ
˵꣬Ŵ󱦣ҲĲԸקİ¥
СԼӵɫٰС̶ô
ĵŹȥȴһץס
ġһ۴¥ݿʧӰ
ţ˵߿Ҫָˣǵõʽ֪ͨˣת¥ݲˣȲʵ
һ㶡
˵ģ
ԡ˼ͬĻش
Цһ¡
⣺СӸܵģ
ظСżϥһѣô£㶼֪ʲôϽ˵˵û쵰Ϊˣ
˵ţղС֮Իͻԭָ˽һ
Ľͣ̾˿ҲΪ˵ܵܺá
˭˵أϺҲ̾˿
ҲôýȰųɰСҲһɫ


116 
, ׽󱦰ϣȻźһĶ档
۸̸̸
ô˵, 󱦵ȦȻͺˡ
Щû˭ͬΨһľֻ׸硣
Ȼ˴Сֵ󣬿׸硣
㲻֪ôģǿĽһ, Ĵ˼ί
ûдǴվߵ˴ߵǸСǰ
򿪲鼹һһúϸ
⼸ҿ꿼ͻ㡣˵, ˺ü顣
󱦿һ, ۵ֱ顣
ЩǹںиĴǡȫû, ֪Ū, Сֿ⣬Ȼֳõע͵ġ
ɼˣҪҲûܾ
㰮ϧ㣬˿ˡһ䡣
˵̾ͷӦ˹̲סһܱ֤һܸ߿һܿ
Ҳܡŵܵܵ, ׵ǳƽ
˵꣬鱧, »¡
Ȼ󱦣Ҳܱ֤һ߿ֻܱ֤ҪᣬҾһŹİɣһܿ, ٷְٻĸ
ֲΪ顣üе㲻˵Ľһ䡣
͸˵һԼ룬ȴת˻⣺Ӫʶɣ
󱦵˵ͷʶӪӪô᲻ʶ
תҵˡ׼˵
һ㶡
ӪϷɺһӪʯڿ˵ɽϤˡ
ڴ󱦵ӡ˶ǳ㡣
Ǹ棬ضá
ȻҲôΪġ
ʯȥµλѾְɲˣϷȴתҵƽ壬˭һ˵ѵõĺô°೤䲻ǵøԱ
۴ˡ
۴Ҳߣ󱦶ʱˡ
˵Щ˵뿪ед˵ԼˣǾˡ
ûӦҲҪԱˡʵǽȱˣ˵°Ѿޡ
˵̧ͷ֪Ϊʲô𣿡
ûг
Ҳûָش𣬶˳ԼղŵĻ˵ΪûĻ
ҧҧ´
֮ʦΪǵǾУҵʯҲС
˵̧ͷĿ󱦶ӣ㲻ø˵뷨ǵ˼˵Ҳ֪飬
˵ЦЦڲӴôֵ꣬µôã˵㵱˱ǶǶġֻǣףʲôܱ֤£
ڲսʱƴҳлᣬܽӪܴװģ󱦣Լ˵˭ۣ˭˭
ǾûᣡһûĻͰǰ·µˡ
ǺôڵϸôЩꡣҪڰϣֻ´һʱ䣬ھˣؼˣ
㵽ȥأ׼ȥ켸Ȼؼҵģ
˵սȭͷ֪𣬻үү֮ǰƳͽͧǰʱѡˡҪϽҲҪиѧ𣿣
ڵô꣬үүǰѽͧϽȴѡʸûУ֪ʲôо𣿣
һ仰Ҳ˵ˡ
֪˵Լ
ҲԼ
ûиУףӵϲξкӣҲǸбҵıѧ·һ˶ᱻµġ
֪ȻһֱڸүүѧϰĿǰҲѾѧ֪ʶˡȥôõóģҲֻǸбҵ֤
ǾζţԼпߵľǴ׸磬Щǵ·
װְ·һ飬ǡȻʶȲװ֡
װֵȷŶŵĻˣΪɷ⣬ҲȥУ
ִȥпװֵĽŲ׷ϡ
磬ȷܿѧ̧ͷʵ
ӣ׵ٵһĨο
Ҳ֪󱦣ԸȥŬһԡ
Ҳԡصĵ˵ͷ
ûкʹ˵׺͵̸ܵʲôڼ˼죬ȻһѼĸϻ˲ӡ
ԴǴ̸֮󣬴󱦾ǻһˡ
Ҳ͵˵Ļˣǳ׳ѧϰ
˵Ҫߵʱһ˶Ϊ˵Цû뵽һȻġ
Ҳ֪ʲôʱȥһȦıҵһʵľͷ
СڼԿ꣬Ǿĥģ˺þãŪһͩ͡
Ӳ֮ǰΪλһ׼һﭹĽߡ
ֻ߶һҲûлϡǴ󱦵Ż˺üεƤֵ֪
Ĵ󱦺ǰȫһˣǽ˴׵λá
Լѧϰ꣬һС๤һɱλ˲֪ٱļ๤
˵СˣƽʱĺӣΪżиѵĲ֪Ĩ˶ٻᡣ
λ˸˼ˣ¶ǡΪܹõϵĶƽʱҲûٽܽģõ֪ʶڸȺӡ
һ˰ᵽ˵Ҳˣ˵ʾ£Ĳ˵֪ʱҲûѧУ
ȫŶѧϰ
źͻͽѧϰ̣Сеʱ򶼾òš
Ϊи߿˵󱦣ʵҲȥһԡ
СŮƫС⣬ɼû
ʱɿ죬תǰȥˡܿ͵һʮ·ݡ
֮ǰѾ׼ﴫģָ߿ϢеҲǷ˷ĵĻ
ңȫҶ˽˷ܵıս׶Ρ
ϺС̸˻öһҲʹһȥμӸ߿
ϾһβûơǿΪǵһָ߿μӿԵĿȻ࣬ϴ˲ûóֵ׼
£ӱĻǳ󣬿һǵĺôѧֱ˵ȫ⡣
һΣСȴû̴Ӧ
Ķ椸ʮꡣ
֮ǰСͺãҲǼҵĹأǾ˭ʮ겻ܵ
ʱ򵥴ǴӺӵ巽濼ǵġ
⼸ӣ۴׻ǴãСʱ嶼ܹȻСѾȥֲˣº̫羭ܹھҵˤ򣬽ë
ⲻ˵簮ӣԼ˵һõӡ
ٵԽһ𣬿ľԼȥƴŲʮ䣬һĲ
ƽʱԣηʱǹؽڶǽġʱŬĿƣϱ۲۵ģס˵ģ
ڵϣ˵Ⱥõĳ·ˡС϶˵ԼҵĶӹŮȥ
ǳһ㣬ͷӲһ㣬ܿס֮ߡ
ʱΪôõıŤûɿڡ
ҪУСһٸ޳ɣزϺӵĺȡ
ɵ˶椣ԥˡ
֮ǰڵϵʱ򣬵ǳ·ûѡ񣬿ڣűĵҲҪУĹŮ᲻á
οСŮʮ
ôСҪͳȥЩһ򡭡
룬С;ԼĶҪˡ
رǹø˵һ䣺椺пܻǽ߿ԱСһ
ԡôµ˾ԼһûСŮȥЩܶһʲôУ
֪
ǸţûŮС֮˵ȫǱĲʮ겻ܵĹأʲô
һΣС뷨ȴ⵽ȫ˵ķԡ˵ֲ⣬žһٸ޳ɡ
ָרҵŮ椾ܿҲϸҽ󣬺͵ϵѧУһҵͳʮˣЩĸ
ǣСٶĵҲֻܷĵס


117 
󱦺Ͷ椸߿ȥġ
Ҳ, ôѵõĵ
Сûиš
һλˣ֪ʱԻС, տš
оǣˣСԾȫϤ
Ŵţסް, ҿ㰡Щ£˷һ
˵ô˵·;ԣһ, СʲôеĲ, ֻԼһĶһȥˡ
Ȼڼҵʱ߶һ, ɺȥ, ¹Ůţῼá
չ˲ǳԷ˯ֱѰ
϶ȥˣʼŻĵˣֻûôʱϹĥ
, Ǽڻˡ
һݣûеһֱŵĴü, ֪˹ȥһ˵˽㻳ŵʣ㣬ǿô
֪Ѿ, ϾͰˣ˽ǵһСѧڶ꼶
С׳ʵĺܣǸͷվһȺʮĺӸǰҲȱ˵͡
һֱӽ椸ĳ˺üŷһѣƶֱˤ̨ȥ
椽һڵܵܵıһơȻһװͰ͵ģ֪ɶײ˿ղʰ㣡
˵֪ӣĵԱվŵĴһۣеί˵ⲻʵ⼸죬û˼ˡ
˵껹С֤ǲǰ˵öԲԣ
Сôɵӡ

̳֪֣үү
Ȼ󻹲ӿڴͳһСλģżԵĻݵ֪
ԣȥӡһ仰˵һ˶Ц
֪Сӿ˵ȫֵһ
˭ãɾʲô²֪һӡ
˵ֱֱȥʲôûһƣ뵽Ķеʱ׹˼˵뷨
Ըɣͺ׳ӡ
Ҷ֪ǺõģɿС©ӣ
ԴСװҲġ
˭Ҳ뵽һӣȴѧС
ʼɵʱСѧƫƫͷ·ǵڶһ㣬һӴ֣͸˴ľϲ
Ѹٵۡ
֮ǰȻ˭Ҳû˵ɴҶܹóǽŵӿġ̵ǽһġ
ɽЩҲûϼϣעǺӵѧϰȡ
ǵϵϢûиϱôӦúͶһμӸ߿ġ
ɾǵһ꣬ǹҲһܹϡ
һ㣬κ˻ɡ
ͬѧ峵ܹյһӣ˵ĽǶǼٵġ
û뵽СӾȻԼƤӵ³ˡ
ǰڴҵĸ֪ǸģӾεúãҲûʲôر㡣
ɵһ󱦽ҵʱһ֪ȻѴѿڶӶˣ
ڶ⺢ӽȫλĿ֮ϲж֪ƫ̶ȣǾ͡
СĻ˵Ǿûۿ
үӼֱ޲ðС˨ϣĶĶֻҪѧҪɶɶɶɶ
ƫСԭǸģڳԵľֺǸС
ͺ⻨⡪ԵĻ죬ƽֵ֪øҳҵأ
뵽СҲ¶˼΢Ц
Ӽһݣһֱĵ׵ǵȫɢˡ
ȻûüʣɴǵıѾӦöò
Ȼ˵ǲһֱֵöҪ˶
ǡǰ֪ɼˣ
ɵð롣
̾Լͷ
ôܣŸոտ꣬Ķôͳ
ʱ򣬻ѾѴ󱦽йȥѯˡ
Դ𣿸оô
С֪ԭԻжԴһ˵
ˣûУӦܿϡЦеĻش
ããϸ˵ϵӶƽࡣ
ֽͷת˶椣ǼСŮأô
ǻ϶Զ椵İƣʱСŹŮŮ̵ĽУҲŴմ֡
Ҳܿϣ椻شƶˣġ
үүǷİɣҽ϶ߣҾܳΪһٵľҽ
СŮĻ˵Сﻹһ¡
ɿźɷٶĵǺ͹Ҳֻܷĵס
ǵ˵ԼԿҽһ̣椱ֳľϲǺӼȫûκγɾ˾ȴûϡ
ģеǵĻûл˵
ôҵʣڵҲͨˡʲôֻҪǻ£ɡ
ܣֻܰԼ뷨ǰˡ
Էʱһ뵽뿪ô죬֪ԵôСͿʼһвˡ
һе󱦵ʱε̾˿
øŰһûֻ⼸Եıڼﻹأ
СһĲţٺ˵ܣ
˻óԵģֻҲڳôˣҲǼ档
Ĳ˵ЩӪķһĶûȣ
ģǳԵͦõġ󱦽ԵһֱȥЦ˵
ţǻûü˵أھҴˣ
ˣǻؼ￴ˣСЩȡ
ЩһֱϵģмҲͨšǸԱؼҵ¶С֪Ҳһֱ˵Ҫȥǿ
ҲΪ˿һСˣȥˣҲɸס
ֻϾǴӵϻģڡھӪסţΧתתûʲô⡣Ҫ뿪ҵǣе鷳
Ҫ򱨸棬д˵һѵ쵼Ҫ
Ȼ˽ﻥѾˣɱϾϲûʲô֪
ͻýǵĹϵ
ڸֿǣһ£Ǿһӵڽˣһȥǰݷá
ԣ˿˵ȥǾȻɣСôܲȣ
ûСŽӹ˻硣
Ǵ˴žӨȥҽԺ֣˵ǰһ¸߿ķΧɾͶ椡ӨҲˣҲҪμӸ߿
ӨɺĴŮ˵ȶ椻һꡣ
Ȼ˾Ҫһȥס˵ѾźдסõطѧУط㣬˲Ų˵ʲôˡȻ˺ʹ͸˺ü췹һֱ͵ꡣ椲
ûȥүСԽԽ
ô˵ҲСȥ˾ûſñһӸæ졣
Ķ˵Ҳʰ
ȥġ˵үȥùüˣҪܻȻǾͺԼãȹһһȥүǡ椼˵
Ĺùɵã޵ء
ǰ￴˵СӵʱѲ岻̫á
˵׼ԼȥһˣźСӡ
ڿӦүӲģȥźŮȥˡ
Сľͽ¥ǸϽϴ˯
һֱ˵࣬ûǲμһôĿԣôܻ᲻ۣ
˵Ǹų̶ȣʹûСԼҲܹó
ҲĻ˷䡣
ڴϣ̨ƵĹ⿴⼸ûüļСԱȥ
ҲˣҲ֪զ
ӦСС¬˵̿ءһ߿ļһ߻ش
뾩ʵ̫Զˣսʿǵ߲μӿԡ
ڣҪУսʿ࣬ǱҲ˿ǡԴûл
ô˵Сһüͷ˵һѧֵꡣȢϱ¶զ
ŷеļתͷϱ˰Ρ
һαĳɫʵûסһЦԼˣ
Сüһ˵ĸ첲šһѣԲ۾
ֺ˵ⲻǲСԼģ¬ֶܣٲģСӴһӣ㻹ǲǵʮˣѧȻزͬڱĺӶܴˣ
Խ˵ԽֻԼͷñСӸðϼ
ϱķ˻ҲٸˡֽС˻̾˿
С˵ô꣬ǷһллȻ˵Ƿޣô˵о̫Ҵ֪ǷһӶꡣ
ңȺӡΪǣΪңЩ긶ʵ̫̫ˡ
ô˵С򴽣ֻñͷһᡣ
˵ЩʲôʲôллллģһˣⶼԸġ
ŽϱøתͷĶһڣż˵ǰСٵģǡ
Ƕж︣ǶǳˣԺ·ҪôߣӦԼ
Ժ󰡣˼õԼϵ㡣ʲôȥԣȥתתȥתȥǴ˸סʱҲԣٲȻÿŶ˵˵ЦЦҲá
ǵѾô꣬Ҳ÷ˡԺ۾͹ԼСӡ
֪ʱԳˣҲǹȫźˡ
ʱǹҿ϶ԽԽá
ٹҾתҵȻʲôҲɣɽˮҴ㣬ȥúɽת顣
ЩСô
Ϊæô꣬ȫ͹ԲˡԺԼĶǡ
㿴һһãⶼܸ߿ˣû׼һҲȥתתʱ۴ŻϺһȥһǴĵطҲȥ˵
˵ֺ㣬ĻδСϲ֪дҸЦ
ȻһһСӵĽţĵüۡ
һõǰлֳɡ
Сţһһ١
ԺӴҶԽԽá
ڴš
ȫ꣩.


118 1
ʹ󱦺ͶȥǿԵʱ, Լȥġ
ɽӵ֪ͨ飬ȥѧģȴǼеˡ
ֻ˶ϡ
Ϻǲһ, λ˱ϾרҪԱڱǳΪ˱֤˼ҵľ԰ȫҲǸӵöࡣ
Ҳ㲻ʲôź
ϾǺͽ̫, ;һһءڣСҪģҲֿ˶á
ټϣ׺ŮҲһ˾, һֱ󱦺ͶͬУ, ໥䶼ܹӦ
һ˵ʮľϲλ˶˵һ˵ã
ǽʣ޼Ҳɢ˸ɸɾ
ǵ, ״Ůѡ
˵δޡ
˵Ѿ, ûʲôʮһڵʱǾͿԳɻ顣
׵ŮҲǾŵģ֮ǰԺҽ
ʹʶ˵Ҳһɺϡ
뵱Ȼ˵ĵʲôСǵ¶Ժ󶼲ܡ
ʱСƵûӦ, ѹǶǺ˵
һ棬ǲ, ˭ܣ
Ƕһ߶߶ٲҲǹԹԵ÷
ϱŸսѣϲȫ˵绰⻹, ¬ţڵ¬ʦҲˮ
һǼҴҶ
ʦɲͬʱҪǵĸɶӣֶӣܶ¶һҹ֮Ǿˡ
׼Ҫý˶Ҫ˳ӡ
ôº˲ñӶˡ
˳ܶҲˡ
̫ԶɰҲ²ӵУ˵һ֮ڶ
һ֮ڱ壬ץȥʶҪҵĶʲôҪ֮󣬴׼ֱƷˡ
ԺӪ˼٣ܵȥ˼С
ǶʱΪѧϰ̫ùֿѾպüˡ
ǴҶ֪¶
˵ҪȥסԺһ£Ӫ붼û׼ˡ
˭Ҳû뵽ԻĲ
ô˸׾ͺͬڻϰ׼ѧФҽۡ
һֱʯͷ£СФԽԽϲ׵λöһˡ
һȥ˾ǣǰµд֮󣬾ͺƺƵһȥɼҡ
ɵ游ǵһֹ֧˽ӪԼҾӪ˶ϵ꽻˹ҵȽӡ
Ҳԭ֮ǰǳ˶УȻɷ̸̫ãҲȷʵӰɵĽʵϼﲢû̫ܵȺ
ңڲҷ֮Ҳǵһƽլ˻صһˡ
ԣСȥģλڳһɫСĺԺ
˵ǹɫʵΪµĥ£֮ǰס֮˵Ĳ֪Ѿ˲١
ô˵̻ڣЩש޲֤ĸ
үѾʮˣ۲Ӹ߸ߵģվʱֱͦ
¶ĸ첲Сϣг׵ĳʦΪغͳʱվɱľţһλĴ
ȥһϾˡ
˷·𿴵˶ɣʱϤб
˼ֺǺǵشӭ˳ڿСһ˲Цϡ
˲䣬үӵȦͺˡ
֣ſվţʲô˵ԱȰ
Զԣ˵˵˼ŷӦæĵͷ
˵ţߵСǰϸϸؿһ顣
Խ۾Խ죬Ťͷ۾
Сúм־ִ٣Ҳ֪˼ӦǿԼӡ
Ҳ
ȣݣ졣椣֪ʱԣϽү׼ʲôóԵˡ
һ仰Χ
үҲоԼʧ̬æĨ˰СļģԴ˵ˣһʶݣ졣
Ȼ˼Һһֱǿ죬Ⱥ˽ȥ֮Ǿһ¡˭Ҳû뵽ܱʮȣ
һͷ󺹵Ľݣתۼͺȫޡ
֪ǸģοүӣɷҲ衣
ڸ첲ϴ˴꣬Ȼһϲĺүˣ裬ǼΪʲôô찡
һүʱүӽеϲЦտ
ɺôЩ꣬Ҫ˵ʲôүӲĵطֻһŮȻϹŶΪȥֶӣϱ
Ҫ˵ûźǿ϶ǲܵġ
ԣڿһӵޣر֪ʱͷԵСкʱϲڶڲסġ
Ҳ˲úСˣһѾͱ˲˵ʱԡ
ȻȻڳһֻ֪ԴߣһѣЦеĶ˵ߣүȥԺóԵģ
գ
ӾôϲϲĸˣɰѺһȺǸŵùǺ
Ҫ֪ʱˣͷҲ͡үӾôһ°
СԼĶûһ
ʮ˰
ŵ̧žҪȥȴס
˰֣¶һεЦݡ
û£ģҰֵءһֱڣչˮƽɲϲк˼ҵĺӻϡĺأ˵ԼҵˡŰɡ
Ȼ⻰ȥƵģСɩӵüȴûпһίеֻ̹׽
ܹóԴ˸⡣
Ҳ֤үƽﲢûΪûӵ¶
СĶʱ˺ܶ࣬ҲԼ˸˼ֺøС
үӱСˣӾͿʼк
Ȼóǰ׼õĸֹӣǹһС
ȻͷһţФΪ׵δޣܵ˸¡صĿ
رФǰʶ֮ǰʱҲ˵Ȼ֪ںʹ̸󣬲Һܿͻ飬ʱ׽˲١
ԣû೤ʱ䣬С֮ǰǵź;нҲûˣЦҲˣָ˿ʵıԡ
ĵúǢ
ûһڵﴫӾ̾Ľ磬磬㣬ǹүĺö
ֻ֪УܴҲʲôӦϾСƽʱֵúܡ
ƫƫһʱԽеıС
ͺˡ
ʱСһ˵ġƽʱ˵˵ʮ䣬ܴһͺܸˡ
һĺӣϲľǿ顣
ڵϵʱΪϲ鱻ˣӦСӣ¼Ҿµġ
仰ǱʱԼǵ
һǣûȫסСȥܹҵСȫһ顣
û¾èһһһ졣вѡ
ٺϿʵûɿͲ֪ĸֽ﷭һӢİġͽͯѡ
Ǹ˼Σһ¿ɸʱԴһ´š
üһ֮ڻϵˣ˵˲仯Сɰ
˼ϲĻ˵ĥүүѧӢġ
Ǳ鶼˲˵СѧôõûԼС˵
ʱԶŽ˵󱦣ˣ׺Ф鶼̲סվ˹ȥ
ܿǱִ⼸Ѿ˵ģӵľ̾
ŻûӲ
Сסˡ
תͷɩӣ׼ʲôˣȫǺ档
ûüػ֪ʱѾһ˶һСӸ˳
ԷźĶȣôһգ۵ĹϾһϸܵˮ
үıʱ˵ţѾ˹
һ˷ܣǶȴЩС
һ˵һ߽ŵٵСǰ
СϸĿ˿ֶŵһС롣䲻ʲôɴϸ壬ȥҲСɡ
ĵײźһóı
ڱг˱ƬźʵģȥоӣԼһƤģǡ
ӨӨۣȥ˵ˬڡ
֮⣬ﻹɽ髸⣬ýƵĻ飬滹һǡɫɷǺÿ˵ֱʳ󿪡
ģôһ㲻ԣôţ
СʵǾＫˡ
ûǰŷʱĺ󣬽ˮ¥̨ҲǳԹܶεġ
ڶļǵãɽʱΪ޷ȵ⣬ô³Բľ
ԡΪʲô˼ҾȻܹŪ
ı飬ɵһ˹ʱҲ뵽Ϊ˸һŪ⣬ѵЩ
һʱҲд
ҰһܵʳƷŶģ˼ҳõģ
Ҳȥ˿򲻵үӽǽ˾ίֳȥģ˺һרŸǽõġ
ɽţվС˵߰ɣҴȥⶫƽʱҲҲû˻
һ仰˵еСҲԵĴ˼Ľ
ܹóڸףɴǳݺ𾴵ġ
ô˵ȫվ
Сӹɵ߿ʼǵı룬˶һһ˹ȥ
ǸӺȣСһ㣬һ߽͸оһ⡣
Ϸŵ裬ıԼү߻Ѿ˰ĩģС֪Ϊʲôôˡ
ʱСһģȫΧүӵߡ
Ǵ׻Ǵ󱦣ҲװˣȫָСүֳӣ۾ȫǾ
д˺ͻϲ
˵ǳô󣬶ǵһμֳ棬Ҳǵһ죬ô࣬ôı
˵ЩܳԵġ
⼸룬үӵʱڼӵߴ˺ܶࡣ
ÿ˿ﶼд˳ݡ
үҲ˷ܵúܣЦ˲˵·ƽʱƮ˼֡
ԭ˵˽ķ׵ģүʱˣǰѶӸ쵽һߣ³¶һ֡
СԭŴѸߣģȴû뵽ĵקס½ǡ
գգۣҡҡͷţүӸˣȥҲпڸҪ֪ƽʱҰ˺ȥˣүӿɲ˭˭͸ġ
˵͵͵Цһ£үӿܰˣ˾Өĩ³ŮСżܺƤһ֮⣬ƽʱҲԲϡ
ô˵СʱټҲڴ
֪Լ˻Ǵôһݾϲ

119 2
үȷʵһҴСһʮľϲ
󷹹ݵĵϵ,  վǸǵģο˼Ĳˡ
˰ץƬ,  ˿дˡ
ڼүҲʱˣӦðԵЩһ̵Ķʱ˵С,  ź˲С
ֻùŮûиľۻᣬеϧ
ΪСһֱڼȼӵ¼ȡ֪ͨ飬ȷ˾ʱ䡣
ԶǵľӨ뺢ԾӨһپͻǿȥˡ
ûиξۻᡣ
תһ,  Ժ⼸ӶҪھѧ,  ۻĻֻ಻١˴ͼƱƱ,  ʮһʱٰ,  ÷һԷ
ʱүӿ϶ǻ³ġ
뵽Ȼˡ
үЩˣǺǰûмûгԹġڳֱʾ̾͸л֮󣬼Сһǿʼá
үˣϲȻǼС
ⱲӶŮԵ,  һһŮϴһʮ겻żңСŮּ޵ء
ϰȥ֮,  һ˺ǹ˺üӡ
ϡľһһڵĳ档ôһˣķˣԵô,  Ҳĵĸе졣
һ㶼ˡ
׸׵˼أ
룬ʵСԺʲô㣿
Сûףֽ͵ⶼѧˣԺҲˣ֪ʱҲˣͷæҲࡣԺ׼ô죬ôڼţ
ⲻµķ񰡣
ٲôһģ룬ڻû˵
˵үүһҲˣԺ󶼲ϰˡָأˣİɣҸ磬ҽ㣬Һʱԣ֤Աܸÿ·
Сڣ֪شһ˵һ߻ԼСظһĵı顣
ӣʱҲеĿӣѧŸӣҲһԼСظ
ģôȫЦ
Сǰȴһ㱡
͸ϤĶһӻص˺ܶǰĴ󱦡
ʱҲôһԼСظʾҿԡ
뵽СɵýĿԼӵϣȻͿ󱦵Ҳ˼׷䡣
ܵĿ⣬תͷС΢΢һЦ
Ȼɣˣ˺ЩˣǶϰˣЪЪڣԺֻԽԽãһоүܷġ
⻰һ˵꣬ûСüʾοԱߵžһ
ǸԹܺԼˣ˵¶òǲġ
ģʮĲ
Ȼû˵Ǿ䣺ǵϱԼõȺС
Ͳûֱдˡ
ôף󱦼ȫƲƲ죬ӡ
ԭ˳һʡʲôֲǲ֪ôᵣԺ⣿
ʵ仰ԭҲСʲô࣬뿴֮ûʲôš
ϾС˽⣬ܾǸвסˣԺڼʵûˣ֪᲻ģį
һ£ܲ÷ȻǣӴźھǶסһʱ䡣
٣ȥҲûʲô£ԼүӶ˵˵
пܣԺÿסţһסϸҲǲС
ɽⷬ˵̵֮õүӵ޳ɡ
ȫĿ⳯Ͷ˹ȥ
˲֪ĺܡȥǸǿʵý
ǾʲôҲ˵ˣֻҪڼңǱضΧת
ʲôʱţһ仰Զǣأ
Ҫ棬Լؼң϶ǲɵġ
ôȫ۾ǣžȻ˿ûǵľ͵ͷ
аǾסһʱ䡣
Ļش˶û뵽ģ˵֮Ȼһ˲İ
СһӦ˹Ƕסһʱ䣿㲻ûȥϰࣿ
ôʣ¶һЦôҲŴ˶ס죬Ҿһڵļ١ôûݼˣҲһء
ȻŵĻش˵ϣҲҴһľϲ
رүӣ˵ļֱһС
ϵӶ˼֡
Ȼ￴ԼŮٶġҲóһ·СԴƣɫ
ԷүӵһʱŸǰӣϢ
ĺֻĺԺܼҵլܼ˼µļҵ
Ȼһֻʣү⼸ڣ뵱ҲǴ˼ҡ
ԷӺܴ󣬷ܶࡣһסûһġ
ɺȸСӰź˷䣬ߴ˯ȻܳȥǼȥˡ
ڰСתͷԼˡ
ǲǻб¶Ҫ죿
Ҫ˵˭˽ţûеڶŲ˾רΪ˶רݼ٣϶ǻбԭ
ϱôʣҲû
ϴ˰ֱ֮һɣ˵ȥһ°죬ǰæʣ󱦣椼ʲôʱܹʵߡ
⻰Сһ¡
˵ʵԵĶʵһ㶼
ɼʹٲһˣرǿ˴˼Ϊƽ˻լԺҲȻ뵽żҵĺԺ
ǵõʱ˵վǼҵԺſڿ˺þá
˵Ժסļˡ
Ƿӿ϶ҲСɣ
żҵ˵ûʲôԣΪǸνˣÿһкϵͨ-ñӡ
ڣǱ͹ϵ°Ҳȫ˽
Ӧÿ֤żҲûʲô˺ҵ¶ûʲôйܣһ˵
ԣ°죬ǳ֤ĻǲǶżҲƽ
뵽СȻһܡ
Ȼʶųʶżҵˣһ뵽һ˶ΪôһĪе㵽
ûа취ᡣ
ͬʱҲԼԵĸеһ塣
ô꣬ʼյļŶսѵĳŵأżҲҲڶܹôľǳͷԩˡ
ţȥɡֻҪǶԴ󱦶ǮôŶСС˵
ô˵ŵıøӵ͡
ϱıϸ˸ûôѡڹһõķչڱСʱû˻ѡȥʣֻ뿴ܾܲİʵϾ
˵⣬ŵĺͷ˸Ļһʱе˵
˵ʲôСﶼ׵ġ
֪˵ֵܣ󱦣椵İְֻмˣȴһȵ̫ˡ
뾡Ǹñżһժˣܹһ찲ġ


120 3
Ϣһ,  ڶһžȥ°졣
ΪѾ˿ѧʱ켸ܼҳ극֮ȥѧУʣ֪ʱû,  ɴȥϰĵط
˵°ֱӴȥ䡣
Ӷʳ˾ȥ˸Ĵ󷹵꣬ûƳ
ûѧȥ󷹵Ȼǲܣȥ˽ֵϵСʳ,  㡣
Ȼ˵Сʳûд󷹵ȥųʵʴʲôĲûκ𡣱ϾǹӪʽ
ؼǣĹλӿڣر,  ѻ,  ؼңм,  û˻˵ʲô
Ǳ
ͺ,  æ֮ͻӸˣ˵ȥ֥Բ춹ɳСŸ߾͸ˡ
˶ߵĲˣүӾͽСй졣֪ųȥΪ˰żƽñ֮үӳĬ˺þá
ȻȻʵСԺûҪĶ仧
仧Се㲻⡣
Щ̫ǰûнӴ,  һʱе㲻̫ס
үӿһۣȻĵİ͡
ڲܸɵó,  ȻõġҲ׼Ҫ㿴磬˵תҵתҵˣǼﻹиסѲһҪȥס˼𣿡
˵,  ˼Ұ˰֣֪űǸϢĶ࣬ȽϡǻǵøԼ·㿴ȥ󱦣Ҫȥˣ֪ʱأ𣿡
С˾˵˶ˡ
֮ǰĴûпǹ⡣
ڲӴʱˣûҪԼòҵʶֻҪŲߣĶȱһ˵ס
ң֪ڵļ𣬾ǽˣһҲǿȥסġڻϺһ
ķҲȥסҲʲôһЩ
һ¥רһԱæˮػ
ɾ˾˵ĻȴȻʶסûģأ
ǹҵķӣһһ졭ǷҪġ
ΪǵֱϵӻסȨ󱦺ͶĺԺ֪ʱԡ
ΪʲôУ
үǴӾˣҲԻ͹л÷õض˵ǿ̵Ѫ֪κʱ򶼲ġ
һֲһ
ɣţǳɳںµһʵǶ˽ء
ֻҪйҸķסأҲ㡣
Сֺǲһ
Сһӣ֪ܳĵһ¾СǮһԺӡ
ʲôʱҪԼĲҵһϣүӵ뷨ǲıϵġү΢һ㲦̾ˡ
뵽żҵķҪô󱦺Ͷ椽϶ҪھǶӡ
ŮǡȻҲҪ
Ҫзסôھ򷿣Ǳˡ
һʲôʱҪԲԲģСôִֵ뷨
Сǰһֱڵϣֱӽ˲ӴԺڳе˽⡣㲻֪ڳķжš
ۼһķӣҪûУƾʳ˾ʮĹ䣬֮ǰҲֻܷһʮƽĵ䡣
Ҷ룬ҪⷿûۣһӻҪôס
ӣҪΪʵûӣ󲻵òȥ֧ԮߣҲڼһôѣ
˵үԼĹŮ
үӲ֪С뷨ּ˵
ˣ֪ôڵķۣܳ
һСĲ֪ĸΧסöǹ
Ҫɶģүʵ
ŮôܹýȰ˼ԺھǶӣүӸ˵ĺܣһĸ˻
ȻǹΪƽһ˽黹ˡԼзҲ١ͿҪһˡ
ү˵ʵ
ΪڸոտʼƽܶϷӶԭˡƫƫЩ൱һ֮ǰ˶ܵ˺ܴȺ
Ҫôﲻʣʲôˡ
ҪôʵˣлߣȥҸСط߻ϼңҲ⾩ˡ
ԣӵҲͦġ
ȻҶ˵ǲܵģ˽½׵Ĳ
֣͵мǣˡ
ⷿ͡ӲССش
˼ҵķʲôģҲ֪ɿŴ˼ⷿӾͦá
ô˵үӵһ
ٿɫһƬ̹Ȼү룬ùѾͷ˽ԭ
Ůţ־õøʵ顣
үõ˵СǼⷿϴģڹȥҲ˼˵Ļģڿ̫ܲҡ
С󣬵˵ͷ
СҲСҪҾӵĲֺãҺϲ
ҲʲôҲˣȻҲ˼ҵĻ֮ЦЦˣʲôֱ˵Сô࣬Һܶ¶һ㶼ָ˼Ҷ࿪
ô˵үҲڷģ˵Ҳû֮ǰôнˡ
ָָԼһǽ֮ǸԺӣ˵ǸһԺӸˣԸԼס⣬뻻ǮȥͶĶӣϱȥǷӱСһ˰ǧ顣
ǧ飡
С￩һ¡
ȻЩŵĹʴ˲١ǣҲûаǧ顣
沿ȻӲүӵ۾
үæĿڣʵⷿӵ¶ҪҪ˰ѰţҪʵģǮⷽ棬취
߻˵꣬Ȼһģг
ŴŵĺСһ¡
æͬʱվ
Сүһſȥ
ո߹ӰǽͿſһոµĶ˷гڼſڡ
⻹㣬һֻﻹһͬĶŮʽ
ͷȻгѾʲôϡ¶ͬʱһȫµģͺˡ
ԣߣ˿ΧһȺֵھӡ
ҲʶţžװԼھǺ治Ҳû˶ǰ̸
үһ̾Ͳһˡ
ȫ
ܴүǼݰǴĶŪгһŪ
ܣŮɣųһǴٰɣ
үҲû뵽ŻŪôһǳҲе㷢ɡȻ֪ⲻܹſ˵¶
Ĵ˸Ҳˣæͷһ𣬽ոµг̧ʯżƽԺ
һŵĺѾʪ˵£СҲûʣȥ·Լȥһ׿
үܵгģ·߲ˡ
ΧųֱתȦ̾
Ųǳȥ󱦺Ͷ椴ӵ¶ôȥˣһҪ֪ôҲٸһȥˡһﳵΣա
˼һֽųǼɼĳԹ˵
Сûп
Ҳһͷˮء
˴ŪĳôǵôǮ
ҪǡŪгƱ


121 4
,  ˼͸󱦺Ͷ椵ġ
СүӶԻ󲻽ʱѾ·˳
Ӧһ۾Ϳ˵ɻ󣬻ûߵǰ,  ˵
ʹ󱦺Ͷ椵ģ˭͵ģ
ô˵Сӵˡ
˵ģôһԡͺӡ˭ôֱʣ
ߵԺ£Ƕϱˮһ,  ȻĨһѴǣ˵˽Щ¡
Žһȥ°죬Ȼҵ֮ǰӴǸԱ
֮ȥô磬ǾԼҪʵ¶е㸴,  ȥ˼æ᲻ͷú˵
ʱ,  ĥôڸأûüҽ,  ڿһ̾¶˾ϲı顣
̴λվ˵,  ӭһһͬ־̫ˣ
ѽ׼㵥λдţһҪһأǽҴˣ
⸱̬ŸŪͿˡ
Ƿʲô𣿡ɵе,  ̲סü
ӣ˰˰,  οͬ־żǺ¡
˵ţӳóһţƤֽȻһͷļ,  ݵŵǰ
ӹļŴͷβϸϸһ飬ԽԽ
ԭͨŵ˺͹ϵҪͶżϵǸųı壬֪żҾֻʣ˴󱦺Ͷ֮ѹˡ
ҪӼǮǶߵԱԡѾΪṩ˱ҪİΪɸܾˡ
Ȼ˼Ҳ֪ôģһҲ߼Ľγֱͬӿ˴ʹݡ
һҪίʹԱæ˻ع͸ӡ
Ϊˣ˷Ҳһȥˡ
ʹԱȻ״Ӧ
˼Ѿܴˣ˵£ּĺܣ˵˵ţ
ҾǾϹǼƣʹݵ˲æ׼뿪ˡ
û׼ĹԱ⧲
֮£ֻôӦ˼ңȺ͹ϵͬ쵼㱨˵
£һ׮̸ãܾܿͻ⽻¹ʡԣǹڵ⽻ԱǣҲúܼ֡
ȥǾ˼æҪչڵıʽ
Ͼʱ򣬹ڻû˽ܹӵнγ
˼ͬˡ
ǣ°ʱյľгγֺʣǮˡ
γɹҹʹʹá
һͣСү˰û˵
ȻһôҲ벻ġ
⳵ô죿ǴѧУүʵ
ȷȴǹʱԼŲΪ˵
үӵ˵ͷ
Ȼû£үӾӵ¶
˼ҿ϶˽ĵġ
ȻľʹӶ֪˴󱦺Ͷ椵ҲӽӴпŮӵĸ顣
˵϶֪ʱԸһ
ǲܼҵˣѪԵϵġ
ղȻŮǧǮʱϵı鲻̫áҲһʶ֡
治һ˼ܹõóġ
ɶûüοŮôһת۵ĹŮȻǮĴۻˣ
Ǯ
ʱǮ
үӹ룬
ȻߥŮȥռ˼ҺӵǮɡʱתһ£ӦҲǿԵİɣ
żҵķӣ˵һܹҪġԼҵǰһүŲɵġ
ǷڣѧСӻʲôҪǮĵط
˵ôһǮ
ȻŮ뷨ΪŮҲΪӣүô룬Լ˵
ԣû˼һۣôۣӲͷƤԼ뷨Ͷ˵ˡ
˵̧֮ͷŮţûռӱ˵˼Ҳǰӻסˣµ¶ҿ϶ɡҾǾãܲܽһ¡
˵ˣҲӵǮġûſڣСȰүӵĻ˻ȥ
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ô˵˵үˣŶһ
ǧ鰡Ҫ࣬ȻôһǮ
ĻţЩСȫԽԽͿ
˦ƹֲԼһµĹʵǶǮ
ǰǹ͹ʵʱֱһŷװ˵ģȻյԭⲻתϱһ۵ġ
ڣÿµˣϱԼȥư죬һġ
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Сһ±Ƶı飬˵ˣҪǷĻҲһ¶żլķӰɡرʵģҲԺӡ
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˵ӵ¶ְѻתŽȥѯʵĶżƽ¶
ƽ֪ͨѾˡǸͬ־һӰӡǸļһġ
˵ϵıʱչ˿
Ƿأӻ𣿡үʵ
˼ҵЩ֮ͷѾǺˣںЩʵԵĶ
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ҸһȥС˵
ҲһȥүҲæ˵
˵֮Ҫֹǰ˰֣Ǳšǵǲ˽⣬ķ̫ȱˡǷֵܾ˳棬סǷҲһԸáرӻؿŻǾˣҪһˣģˣ֧ס¶
˵ţһۣҪŲߵģ㻹ȥһ٣
죬ȴʲôҲ˵΢һǸ棬û룬Ⱦʿʼۡ
ǣҲаôҲָǰ尡Сһ޳ɡ
үһ̧̧°ͣҲ̫Сˡ¶ĶõҳҴôͽܣŶǳԸɷģ


122 5
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֪ıװģʵ뷨ϱôĽ£⼸ӣĶְǮؿˡ
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ڶһ磬ﳵСүӵĴͽﳵ⻹ͽһһȥĶżԺ
ԭүӵɿ¶Ѿս׼ߵſھɵۡ
ֻԺ˼ҲȫˣҲĲˡ
ЩΪ˽ӸһСһСľ廹שǽûüʹԺӿȥȻԵñƣƾ֮⣬˵ϻָԭӡ
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˽ȥȻֹȻˣ֮ǰɳǸС졣
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ΪżǸݽӶͨ⽻;ʾ˶ӵĹģҪ˽ǵĽ
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ԽԽζ
СŴˣһԺӵȥΪǱһľţС˵ľųȥֱͨһ֡
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һ˵ŻһȥľšŻûƿȱ׷Сסˡ
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С˵Ķ滹棬ľųȥ͸һ·Ŷš
ܣǼ˵ͶżҲ࣬ҲǵܵȺ˶ûˡ
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Ѿˣڵذ˼ҡҶʹķһҪֵ˼ûС
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ͷҲãҲãһǷʵ黹ʱȶżҵĻ磬ôˣ˵ˣûȥһۡ
ǷӵĸֺͶżҵĲ࣬Ǳ׷ӶһˮֻǷӵͷԶһ㣬Ӻܶ඼Ҫˡ
Сһ˵һߴŵһԿһѴ˶š
ⷿȷʵȶżҵķӾ˺ܶࡣҲܹóʱõҲǺľͷ
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֮ĸ˸Ƨ˺һȻ߹С˵ͷ
Ϊⷿɳͬ־ҲǴֶѣʲôͻСֱӾ͸СǱ˸ԷҪͼۣǧ顣
黹֮ǰļҾߡ
ΪˣүӻҪȥһۣС»ȥ˲ֿ⡣
֮ⷿǰļҾ߲࣬¡Щԭɫˣһȶûˣôбǽϡ
ľʣСּʶٺöˣûס࿴ۡ
үӣǿöҪ߲·ˡ
үӵһټ£ǱƵõͺСһȥȡǮȻֱȥ˹
Ҳÿⷿɳ൱˳Ȼ
Сã˽Ҫסֿˡ
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ָɶͽܺСͽܳȥӳСôͰ͵Ųֿ⣬һֱȵŰ
С½֮ɫѾڣ˼ҰŸһҪ뿪˼ûС
ۿŮмͽһ뽫еļҾȫȰ˶żլǳ׵İġ
ȷеĶ˻Ȼֽ׵ϣүӵ¶˽һЦ
ԿСһţȻЦСӣиģ
Ǳ飬ȥ͸ԼʲôƵģ㼫ˡ
ŴˣСůġ
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رǴֶЩֳ˳⣬ٶе㲻þ
СѾ룬˼ҪҪһĻҪôͣô˵ǲҪһһߵġ
ڲֿʱѾʼĬĬĥԼСĶһóΪƷ͸ˡ
ŷ֣˼Ҳûκ뷨ֻǷĵΪЩ㡣
ⲻܲΪԼС۶ΣҲԴ˸˼𾴡
ʰ˶һųһء
үãŵҪ³һٺóԵġ
С˻ãͽܶʱ˷ܼˡһ·ϿνǻЦ
ڵӿڵʱֵȴվǣȵüһͷһ仰ȫƻˡ
ɿźСٵ˵˴̻ؼҡ˵ϼǱ߳ˡ


123 6
ϼǱ߳ˣ
ϼǱܳʲô£
ҶһӶɽϵʱȥ,  ˵˫壬Ѿûʲôˡ
Ҵһ,  ˷ڣŻԵļĵǮȥʾһ£ʵҲûʲô
Ͼĸ,  ʱ޷ֵۣܼĸҲᵭġ
С߾͸˵ˣڴûˡ
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Ǻͽǵľ벢̫Զ,  ҹ˾͵˼ҡ˾֮󣬽ӰúãСǷѹûҸҹҹľܵ˸ȥ˻סķӡ
Ϻûڵһסһ׷ҲúܽڵСԺ
ϼ̾ʹ˷ţûиŵĻᣬȻһֱڵȴš
үһϻûУֱӿ˵޵Ůƽƽץסˡ
仰÷޶ͬʱһ¡
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СҲһ֮ŷӦǸŵСùõǰ
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˻ϵĽͣźþúþû˵һ֡
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Լ͵-ߵģȻǲԻߥŮƽƽμӹĦŻع취ľƸ㵽֡
ӻϵС֪޸ƽƽŵ˵Ǹľƿ϶漰ܴһʲƸֻҪǱǮ㵽֣Ƕ٣ǸŮƽ֡
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ʱ£쵼ʱǣܹ漰Էصȥ
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һãȻԶеĹؽһ㶼ûģ̾˿ˣһĽ͸
˵еϵ


124 ӵķ
ø˵Ľź,  ʵСȴƽĶࡣ
ףڵĴ£ڵԼ᲻úЩ,  ŹңΪԼĶ졣
Сûôࡣ
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£ܻİõģ̹ȻڶԷĸ
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һСĺ,  ȥܽҵĶĶ,  ϱϾнһѪĶ֪ʱԣǺӦõġ
ǰ֮ڡСʲô⡣
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ԶСæСԹɱ˵ͷӵģ  
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ϵ˵ͷȻԴѾ׼
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һºСͻϻʮλͬ־һμһţȥŷޡ
·ɻĵڶ죬ȥԼĿ칤ʱͻϻλԱһרȥʿС
λרԱһһŮ˴ʮҵ䣬ͦεˣһ۾ܿľݡ
λŮͬ־СһµʱҲϤˣ֪⽻רŸģĿǰøŷһ顣
ߵĻϤ
ǿĽţλŮͬ־ЦЦģǶһж֮ǰ˵С
⻰Сٴΰ
뾩⽻רԱԺ̸˻ǸлڹҵκԸṩİͬʱҲŵʿ֮УԱֻṩΪκεĸ档
Ҳ˵ǻ˱ͻϵĳаȫǲȥල鿴Ų
󣬾Ҫ֪ҵģԸͬԱǴûУҲõʲôʱͿСһعСȻᱣ֤˳ء
óľֽС˳ҵиԱں˶Կ֮󣬸ԴС߹ߵ˴űӡ
֮ǰСε룬ԭ游µĻһŲϾΪô꣬ʵǾ̫¶ˡ
ڸó׵Կףһ˴ƷСӣֻóһСľϻʱСһʱе㲻Լ۾
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