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ͷǿȢԺߣ



İ
½ƽõһμ棬Ϳ̫˳ۡ
ᣬһܴԷ˸
ϸֶԼһ飬ǾΪѵϲһ¡
˫ӲԵóס

ֱ죬ûδվ˵󣬸ű
㵽˭½ƽָ״ģ
ӦǷ뵶

һЦˡ
κشָ⸧üģૣ㿴һۡ
ˡ

֪õЩˡ
۶Ϊ˽һġ
ҹ˾һܱץȻ˯
ԶӡЦȻӵĺǣҲץ




1
İϻ̺죬ٰɫá
ĺɽӰϼӳٵɳǣͣ·ڡһ಼ƸںͷºԶ
ɷ꣬ƥ͹ˮֵƣһϻ׺ŽΡ
̴ɫԲ۵СӱΧм䡣òȴ䳤ֳޣŹ硣
·߳Աһ̯Ͷټֵ񣺡
øƵģųٰС
Цģ޳һָŵɫɷףۿһɫԲ۵
̯ЦǺǣλɾҪЩʲô
괽ݰףϲʮʮǮ
ȡ˺ߣ̯ƵģЩЦ۸ƽͷա
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һԲЦǺǣĵãס
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һЦɷ
Ƚϣһҧġ
ţҲùҵĻˡ
˹½ƽӭȥ
ǣ澸ݣȥ˵ˡ
ж
ϹܼԱ߿˿ȣһͰ
½ƽˣһ澶ֹһ󣬸Լѷɵıøʻ鷿

Цؽ½һ᲻صش˴ӡ
Ʋһһɣ׵ı飬Ц
½㷢ȻŮܿͰڳѵģѾõŭ޴й
ɤӣֳȥˣ
š
½ƽ۽ǣ״
ίʲô
̧ͷ˫ӯӯ⣬֪ңҲί
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û뵽ٰû꣬ȻȻ¡
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ԥȰ·ƽĳͻϸԼٲ֪ȤҲ١ʵڲУа취£ҲǼҲ
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һ仰ǵ˲ˮϴ
Ҳ˲ɣ



2
¶磡
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ӸݣҲȣȷظʱǺúõô
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ذͿҩ½ƽţУһͺá¶ȥٹÿ
ϲŪݣҪ÷ֹ޶ͺˣԺ󰤴û˰Ȱˡ
źѣȥ˶᷿
㷲صһʱȶˣ죬ŵæվګګ˵
һ׿ͨѸˣģȫһ겻ԲȲһƥ
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Ӹжѡ
˵Ű裬ų߹󣬿˭˳۾ʹ˭ʵ޷졣
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ԺʱһߵڵϷɷͰǿţ
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½ƽͳȥˣһСź
Сʮ꣬Ц棬ʮֿ
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**
ҵƻͨˮƵĻɫÿ
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û˵꣬лϾͲɱô᲻أ
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һˡлȻϲ̾˵䡭
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ɺΣ˦ߣлϽ׷ᡣ
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üʲôԭȺ֣㲻˵ڴ˴ˣɣվȥ
ʱֵսҲϢԽȴƽվãֻԽб֮ߡ
ԽͷϡͿĵܴܵԽùͷ
лһҭ
ɺðŻ񣺡ҲȥӴ
˵΢ѣûд󰭡ֻ˽һ죬š

лҲͬ⡣ɷʣÿֵȥ
̬ȼлϸϽƣһ͸ȥ
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ͷ綷лһۡлϵͷװû
ԭݣͷи磬겡ûˣãֻж
ʵ۳ӣ۶ӣɹߵ޷졣
ĸϳСо˴뱲ӣԭΪһӾôˡû뵽ӽ½ϱֺǱãʱüÿͷϲһӣֻȸ
ɱ޵죬
û뵽һչҪң㻹ţɰˣ㻹ֵǰ
Խ˵Խףű۵ĸ첲æ¡
̾ҪɸϽ͡ĨĨᣬ㰲ˣɫǲÿ
СӶ£Ҫǽûˣ˵Ҳοա
ϴЩҶȥһҹﻹף޸Ҷʲô£
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Ҫô󣬲ճһݣ֪ô̵ġ
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Ͽɣû뵽ϻˣһﻬϥ䣬¶˱׵ƨɡ
ϻ򶨣Ͼ׶ӣȺ˺ͯͲһˡ
лɢϢﶼˣеĻźӡ
û뵽׻Ϻ׵ƨɡ
һƬĸͷӬƵײƹһ졣
ǱͷȥˣҲ׵ƨŵһɲܳȥ
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ΣǿȻһ磬һɸǿҵиͷ
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߳ȥлϴʵʲôȴˡ
***
һ磬½ԺȭƳһӰޥԺ
վס
Ӱø죬ݡ½æȥ½ƽ
½ӣʲôζ
½ƽЦһɡ½Ÿӣʢż
½üôŪ
ЩѬڣմ̳
ϸպóһںЦ㿴Ƥӣ˵ζҳҲԣ
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ʲôȥ˲
½ߺһ顣
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ֵҲһ
źֻʣһţ½ƽ˿ڲˮҿԥ½褺Ȼˡ
½ƽŭĿӡ
źߣ
½һɤӣϺ½誶Ц½褹ԹԷ֣ۿװѺŵ½ƽ
½ƽЦϷųˡ
һӺڣʱԥŲա
϶ɤӣʲô£
ط˵ĻҪ̧ӡ
ﰲƬ̡
½ص½˵£½ƽȥ
ջҪã¡ȥɡ
ϸо˼ҵʲô
ҪϹãпԭǹȥܺ۸
˭⣿
½ҡͷΣˣٰˡ
ô֪أȥ紳



3
½ƽҲôġ
һһʣûţ
ٰ競Ĵ
һδݴʷ˵ĶӡһúõĺȻƵ竣ӲǱŵòҳţֻܱڼҶ飬ȥ껹ڿƳո¶ͷǣ˲Ρ
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ŽգɹһӣվڽӸǰСͲţ֣ȫΧ·˹
еڿʣڴʱˣһӰٿش˳
һüõϸȮëɫѩ˳ȡ
ɷ㶣ϸȮԴһֽһ
·ǳԳԵЦ
ǹмܣһֻء
˼ֻ
Ҳоģ΢һ׹ʱŭ





ֱɾˡ
·ЦһƬר͹Ϸ
߳ŭȻԵǰ߿
ϸȮݣһԾһ˫۾
ɴԼˣһţȴʧȥƽ⣬ۿҪˤ
СʹʧɫȻס˵޺ǡѹסȡ
໵һ·ЦøȮҲҡҡβͣǱ
Сͷ߳ŭƳĽӣһתôݣҪСУο
ļһɣɴۡ
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ϸȮڵأ𾢣ȻԾֱš
ڣ磬СͶŻˣӿվȣʱһ
ƨɣ
ϸȮһצӲؿڣͷ׺ݷͽУȴ죬Ż
ɻɢĽŲԱȴоһ
Ŀӣ
׵ƨ¶˳·һЦСȺСϱǴָ￴Цһѡ
ɲιȥ
ϸȮ˺ӣҧһƲͷظ
ѩĹƤǽ̹㣬𣿡
Ůﴫ·ڽͼһϲԲŮ߳ϸȮűתƣβҡû͡
ƨɵɣһۣ˿ۣ
ʮͺӿ֣Ÿľ
æС͵İ£ŤŤӣִС̽ͷء
һӰӷɹ׼ȷشסʣµĻ
һҡ
·ǶԲŮ˾η
Ӧǿߵ澡
Цսѵ㣬㻹Ҫˣֱ죬Ŀ޷ͣ
ҵˣ
һңæ졣
۸ˣ˼ոҵվǹԺǲҪ
תתȻޣТûܰ˴ȥˣǼҪˡ
һˣȻ˿ôңǷ飿
·˿֮ģȫȻǸղá
Ҳû뵽һһʱĿɿڴ
¶ûɨɾ
һ񣬡
ɿſţȻΧˣ̧ͷȥʱֱۡ
ſվŸݽСӣͷ׺飬ѣȫɫĵ÷ѩһմȾ¶ľܽء
ôСӣɹĸϻ



4
ˮҪˡ
һһضСˣʶǱȻ˽δ
½ƽһתɣôӡ
ɱ㱣ٺٵЦ
˱ˣˣʱٿӣֻȻζ
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ɫеı飬ղűƽ˶Ĭˡ
½ƽûΧλϣҲ˻Ůӣųȡλ˸òô򣿡
˸͵ͷ
ô˵ĶԣɵƯ
ҲͷͻȻʶʲôʱƨ
˿ˣô˵أ
ǣ
ۼ˿ʼַɼˣ㡭Ҳֲ㣡ֲǵٵģƾʲôң
Χٿһ
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¶ǰһԴľĽηӶǮݹϵԽԽңǸϷλൣ
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½ƽѩĹͷ棬ü䣺ģаء
***
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˿̱ǡ÷ޣдšʳ衱֣
ӽϸҩĿԶżŰš
˵оѵյ˵Ժ
ԺʮӴ򣬳Ĭվš˷µյ˾䡰ɾ
ǰŸӣĿǳͦǱʮֿĳֻ࣬ɫʮֲ԰ףüЩ
Լյڣֻõʲ

ʮλ㱨Ϣ˵֮ʱҡͷֱø֣̫ҽбô
¶أϵҹ̹ǣͺϻ
˳Ĭɢˡ
Ȼûߣͼ˻ŻųͨڸǰɫҰף¡
¯ɫȻǳֻȻ
˶˹
˱ۣ˵
˶ͷѾĳѪۣˡղžͷšڹϡ
ĬƬ̣Ǹˣ
˶ŵͷ
һ˼⣬뵽˸ղǸ
֪ļҵСӣô˻ûؼҡ
һϣĿһȥ׷



5
½ƽǰŸսѩ׵ӰӾʹҡβ͡
˺һѩġ
βͣסˡ
½ƽ
½ʧЦͷҪ
צЬϣʾ
½褳͵سһһӣѩһԾ׼ȷصסˡ
½ƽ𾪣磡
ޥԺȥ½ľûС
½ЦҡͷѩҲҪȥȻʲôʣ˭
ͥԺɫΨǽǼԴɳɳҡڡ
½վһŻ뿪
½ͺ˽˯ˡޥԺ˵ƣӻؼҡ
˰Ժţ½誺Ȼסǣϱ
½һͷ
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ﻤ书ϰ䣬õġ
ΪΨһˣ½ݡ
½ƽϲ㣬̤ɫƻɽԺ
籸ˮ½ƽ˳ššʳ衣
Ȼûš
½ƽһƿϸһûƳʲô
Ժܿ찲ƻεϨ
ɫżţճܽǺӰһתŤء
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ʱ󣬿ǳԺϣһ¡
˵һһˣʲô㣬ֻҵоϰӡ
ǰشл̧ǿףصغһ

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6
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üٿʱ½ƽѾԶˡ



7
ի˳Եúܲζ
½ƽԾ˱ǶԷĴ󲻾Ӳڷǰоһ飬Ǯߡ
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½ƽɭɭ
ȻŲˣʹȥ



8
Խܽѫ˼ңʮְÿʱò
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һ뷨ǡ泤
õɫ˰ף࣬񽥽ֳһ˿塣

½ƽٳɣ·ӡѹֵŭ𣺡ץס



9
ץס½ƽֻҪſԼ˽ˡ
ޥԺû½ƽͷԹԽԼɵĺ¡
½û˵㡪
ôҽۣû뵽½ƽԼûˡ
½ƽľǿȶҶֶţû·붺档
֪ôҪȻʲôû
˭뿴ˣҺÿ𣿡
Ҳȫҡ
һ
½ɫŹֶ֣ţʲôʱ򣿡
½ƽʶ˵˻ӲͷƤѰ˷µ˵ˡ
½Ѫӿҽһܣһ뵽ɵĺ£ֻˣָһ˵
˵£Ϊȥǰ״ˣõ㶯֣
ͷҲ˼˵
˭ûгԹôĿֻԼȱ˳˵
ٰһС竿Ȼռ˱ˣ⻰ȥҪҪˣ
½褵ҡ÷ɿ죺òỹбǰɣ
½ƽҡͷС
½ɤӣʵǽȡ
Ȼǣ֡
˶Ĭȥ
ϲܣֻšѽ·͡
Ĳ
½İ壺ȥǸͰϴ͵Ķȥ
Ҳռıˣ
½ƽίͰͣǸԣΪʲôҲҪȥϴҲû
½½棬ȥ˽
ϴξ˸ܼңιӳ棬νӡ
½ƽޥԺһߵһ߰ѵѵö䶼ۣ½誻æȥ磡
½調ÿСһΣҼˡ
½ƽһ
Ҫȥȥϡ
½ƽŭң
½ƳΪʲôң
ҪʹСӣǶƤӵ¡
£½誺½Ժ;
½ƽˣؽȥ
***
һʱĳٴν˽Ĵš
Դӱ½ƽѣõɫûÿ
һľƵš
ɫȰҲͷ
ɾÿ˾ͻȻûһ˿ǿžͽ˷
½褴ġ½һΣԵù
ſˣ½߽תͷȴûˣɫһڡ
ɫ
½ЩΣԵȡʹ⾾˸Сӽ
½ƽǸϲװױ硣
˵ϲΣֻһ֧ҡûбΣʮؾһźѣȥСˣûצ
½һϿңҼòð£Ҫƽϡ
ص½ˡ
½񵥡ɨһۣȻ½ƽ
½ƽ￩һ£оĿϣһŴͷŲŲѡ
ô𣿰ȵȣ
ͳȥˡ
ڵЩ顣
ҪΪ̣ɰֵ
ôô죿ھ͸
½ƽС˹ȥ
ð񵥷һߣôؿ½ƽ
½ü԰벽
ʲô
㷲ְƵСסˣƣźɫȹڡ
ӺɷҹӲʲôҪǴȥɲ̫

ɾ÷Բ£ҩȣʲôСʲô
½ɫ΢䣬Ǻ⣿
񵥶ˣǽô£
ֻЩ뵥Ϳġ
С
½褾ܾúܸɴ࣬Ŀ˾衣
ǰֶţڵģ
˽ˣ˭֪ôʲô⣿
ĪͶ뷨
ҲͻȥյǾͲˡ
½Ҳת½ƽҪߡ
ۿҪ̸½ƽˣ磡
ûӣ˭۾˭ˣΪ˸ǵ;
һͲǣǳҪƽ޹˵УҪһӣ
Ͻվľģ˭˭
½褵ͳ⣺
½ƽĵ񣬴󷽷ȥͥС½ȥȴ
½ƽһ߸һĥԼ޴Ҫ붯֣ôͣ½Ųûһͷײȥ
øһͷӸޱ飬ֻüͶͱ
½ƽ彣赶ɱˡ
ʶס彣
½ƽŸ첲˵ɣʲô
ñһݣЦ
ǾͲ̸ˡ
תҪߣ½ƽס䣬һͷͿӯӯ
һ飬Ȼ˳䡣
½Ҳˡ
ʲô
קŽ䣿Ȼûѣ
½褴վס鸴ӣоʶԼˡ
½ƽָ䣬òֲɿֻҡΣһҿɰ
ȴ￴˻ЦŽɿ
ǿסνĳ嶯̯ƣ
½ƽˣʲô
ƿʳ衣
ƿ½ƽһ㶣ɫΣˡ
üΪӵ
ҪЩҩʲô½ƽɫһ䣬ѿڶҩĲҵ
ûʲô飬Ϣȴһ˲
˺òײŴӹŪһҩͱˣ
תҪߣ½ƽæקĸ첲ߣҰңˡ
ɲֳǺޣ
Զ½褲ֻ࣬ǿ͡
ãͽ
ɺͳ
䣬ɱôң֮Ƶҿ
ӵġȥҲǴֻ֪ôңңģ
ÿ΢΢֣䣬
Ҹ졣Ҳٰ֪ɹʲô
½ƽץסѱűˡ
͸¶硣
Ϊʲô
˼æ϶ܸҵ
ò֪½Ϊ˴Сڣ½üã˫ȫ˼ϸ塣
Ҫ½誰ѷҩ뵽ϣױ½誷ܡǣһȫ಼־ͻᱻơ
ֻ̫࣬ߣ˵ڰ˷£˵ף
½ƽвá
Ҫǰҩ֮¸߱ˣҾ˵Ͷҷİѡ˵½ô
½ƽʡ
ôϾӸĽӡӣϴϴ׾ûճ־
Ĳӣ
ҧгݶݺݵ˵ģһûϹ
ü
½ƽ˵صͷΣٷ磬ٰһ֦Ůɡ
ȥ·ϣһһһʱĳ֣һ·Ĭ
½ƽʧǵػԼԺӣ½ޥԺֻ½ɫصػ
Ϻܽţô˵
ˡ
һ½調ֹʲô£
½褺ɬܾãô˼
½һȻʶʲô˼˵
½褳صص˵ͷ



10
һӶʱ˳
ڴ£Ҫ濴˽Ҳø׼
ϣʵס½ƽȴֻ¶Ժ
أ
¶¶ҪţǸţҲû˵ȥġ
ʧ뿪ˡ
½ƽ֪ѾΪе³ˡ
ǰ˴֪ǣԸŹѲһȦδͶҵ⡣
ٰר⻹Ȧ˿רõء½ƽոмĺΧ
Ϊ׵кʮ̶˼ǮһյĹ򣬾ʮҩƿ
кɾĲÿƿӶһ飬ȫݸ
½ƽҪߣкȴ׷ СĽԺõСģԵ
Ȥ
ңҪ۶ӳˣͽ
½ƽͷȿȥ飬һΪҪߡ
ĨĨںСֵڹ˸ﲻֵǮ
½ƽߺ߻غӶиСЦգô㣿
ûǻؿЦţȻȭ˹ȥ
˴һûãЦĺӻŵȺﵽһߡӻȭͷǺŵĨűѪӡ
ͷգڲݴֻ·ߣſŵ⡣
ԶNNϡϡӶ̽Դ
һ죬æӭȥ
½ƽǣһƥͷʣ𣿡
û˵½ƽһ죬ŵһƥϣ⻹ĵط𣿸Ͻ·
Ŀɿڴ
˸Сˣ
һʼߵ÷ζҪ³ˣܿҪ죬ֻǲ̧ͷرסӡ
·½ƽץϹڱҵҩƿ˿
֮ǰЩǣҪҺŽȼü֮
պҩƿ㲻ʲô
պǮۣûҹ
½ƽ졣Сӳɾˡ
ɫ½ƽ˳·ذ񷻡
֪ʧ׷ƨɺʣ˻зԸСһľ
½ƽһ᣺ǾͶŽɡ²£
ĳоǽȻһ鶼ǹ˾ĺӺۡҪôҲ˿˼
ҡͷ¡ҪжСô֪ˣ
̩
½ƽȥŴͣ鼤
Ȼ
ĵѾ˵ƻ𣬽˷½ƽֶ˽һ𷹣ĨĨȥýš
īӦšҪȥȴī񹧾˫֣ʱʲô˼
īЦһСɾԸǿã뽻б
½ƽɾȨԺգȴС󡣡
Ȼ嵶žġ
̧Ҫߣīǰ
½ƽҪʲô
ɾԸǡС
½ƽֱЦҺ
һ뵽ϴö̵ѣʱˣ̵ġ
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½ƽûꣿ
ҲСġ
½ƽޣ¶һЦ
ҵֻӡҪŪˣҾϺıӡ
īſޣȻһĨޱش·롣
õؾ˶дš֡½ƽī񣺡Լдģ
ī񾪲֪
½ƽ֣Цһֱ˻š
ô˵ô˵
ƹãԺ߽˸л԰½ƽŸߵʹ̫ʯٿԶҹĻֻʣӰķɽ԰ӱ˼ˡ
Լ԰˷ɽľ϶ûš
ī͵͵Ǳһۣҽӻ
½ƽˮӰѣ̲סλָԶһȡ
½ƽ̧ͷ»վ£εӰֻĪһ˿֮Сؾͷҡһһĵī
ڵؼ䣬԰ֻʣϸȵҲĻУû˿
½ƽ룬Ҫǻѣ̨һˢᣬ˵ͽ㡣
ľƵģһûС
Ȩôô
Ȼ߰ȴ鿴üʲô
ֻ룬ж೤
ţɫࡣ
½ƽ˲մմϲ
һҩƿŲ߹ˮȣ֡
ʶһ
½ƽĪʲôŰ
ÿҩƿȴע⵽֡
˳ãȲϸòסҲֵʧС۵ϼ룬Ҳ֪˽ϰ˶ٿͷ
ͻȻĬ½ƽĪ㲻Ҫˡ
ųˮҪӣúȻ
øߣ½ƽڽţóһ߹ȥ֣
ҩƿ˺һǡñܿһš
ɫܲÿ㲻ܺú˵
Ȼһң
½ƽʶεһץˣʶʲôֻȭԣΡ
īסЦϵĳ̵޵û졣
½ƽ߳ŭصһֿۣá
ĪҶ֣вңȻҺú˵
ö
ûܺԼˣ
½ƽöţתߣÿıӰȻסҵĻ
˵ҩƿ£֪ÿ
֪ˡ
ˮصѾԶˡ
ͥԺȥ΢棬Ȼβˮ¡
ÿҩƿָ⻹дŸղŵĴС
żӲֲڣȴҪ
ҩƿ˿Ž
öһϣ͸֣̫ҽ



11
½ƽͲԽԶԽãǰϸ嵶ޣīּۻһҪߡ
īҲͲϽߣʱĵ۽ǶЦơ
½ƽвԺСģ·Сʱ򡣡
īЦеģŲߡ
ϣ½ƽֹ̫ˡ
Ӳʹô󡣶ŵƹ⿴˿һȦ΢ۡ
ĥĥһʡ
гһʧƣһҪĺ
鳾䶨½ƽͻȻɣöֶˣĥųԵʲô֪ǼҺ̯û
½ƽ
յؽס½ƽ̧ͷԱ߳һˣվǰ
Ŀ࣬Цñȿ޻ѿ硭
½調ֿĽء
һؼҡ
***
ޥԺࡣ
ǣ˶᷿O@һݡ½ƽͷվ룬ҿκһˡ
½ϣһ۾ñһٿһۣñ
½û˵ͷ⡣
һǳ
½誺һڲ衣
½ƽŲյŵ̲סӡ
ҷÿ𷹵̯ӳΪȻؼˣû뵽˵һžûȥˣ
ȥˡ
һˣ
½ƽ֧ŵͷ
½誶㲻ȥ档
½ƽϣȥ档
½Цһƽʱˣ治̫࣬Ϊ֪׼㰮Ե⡣ⶼˣ㻹ûء
⣬½ƽ̲סŶӣƮ
ο̯ӲԶĶˣؼҾС
½ƽǿʶֻͻȻ𷹣
Ȼ½誵а
˰ɣûԣ
ͷ½誵ʲô£Է˲ϣ
˵
½ƽŵСĸζڲõвǰһֶ˵
ûʲô
½̾Ͻ˻ʵ˵ͽסţ
Կղˣϵľ
½Ťͷ۸ˣ
½ƽϽֹû£Ҿǡźܡ
½誷ʣһţԱȥܣӲԿ
½ƽ
аѱϣ
½ƽŵһ飺ҲûϹ˵
½ۣаѱ
½ƽоȥˣֻһᣬٵ˵죬ڰ˷¶ֶš
½̧ͷ½ת߬ӡ
ԣҪʵܣû뵽Ǵ򲻹
½ͷ֪а𣿶粻䣬ᰡƽʱôôʱɵ
½ƽϻﲻ
½ü˵滰
ѿ½ƽʾֻ֭úѹ˦ã
ָƽ̹ؿڡ
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½ƽϵرסϣᡣ
֤ûб֪˻ˡ
½Ŀߣһڲˮۡ
ȥģôˡ
ȥͽ̸̸
***
ɾҩˡ
Žȥʵƣī֭͸ֽֽȴһֶûд
ī뵣ϾȻʮֽţһһȫͶյˡ
öҩһü˵㡣
һ㶣˼죬ҲûҩĹкβֻͬܲ²鲻ãСȡЩ
ûС

ɾӲǣ϶ûСôˣǵĿ϶̯ˡ
Сȥ濴ǻм򵥵ĳʳЩ
ÿҩ״򲻶ⶣҳԶҩ塣ֻͣʲôû£Աĵ
ţƺƳһӰæ㿪һ֧˵ϵש
ʲôˣ
ڲ̼ͣۼ׷ŭȰεǽͷˡ
ûȻ̧ۣƴһ㿴½ǽͷﻹһ
䵭Ƿɣؿá
ֹ˭֪½Ծ£ֱƴǰν붼û룬ֳ齣ӭ
֣Ħö½誣û½ƽǰǰ硣
½ӣôˣкιɣ
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½誽ñˣɨһֽű紵ɣ衣
۸ૡ
½ƽʶץֻҩƿ۸
ָһĦ
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͵͵һӣӺ͵Ϯû뵽½ͷҲأߣͷɵ˽ϡ
ȥͥСӳ¹⽻ײ١ī˸˴ҴҸһȦΧм䡣
ɾ
վס
īҧվסĿתض
½ƽ⣬ԵӰǫ͡Ȼ˽ְְλȴߣˡ
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½誻ӳһ˿Ŀ˵¶ȡ
֣Ǹˡ
ò
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תߣīѯʣҡҡͷʾⲻ
ֱ½Զˣò˽üģټ¶ƣ
һһѶԸ
īߵߵӭðѽȥôˡ
Ǹɢȥ£վͥУԶе¡
ҹ紵ۣȴվûʱʱֱ߹
ˣ
ίƨɡ
½һŲأˤʱƨ£Ըۡ
һ飬ƺոƳһۣʺײˡ
С˵ɾǻط˯ȥ
ȻѾ齣ôһȥ˯᲻̫ˣ

˯ţ࿴顣СͲȥˡ



12
Խ³Ժ鷿˼ĸȥ
ĸٶ꣬˵ȴ޷ȵسһţʮһա
Խöۣ̰٣ȥѽ
Ȼᣬڳϳ˼棬س
˵泳ʲôҪġ
ᣬܵ÷ɿؽ˺
˲ˮЦеʣкηԸ
û𣿡
ⶼˡ
һΪѣ⡭ʵѰ죬ɾֲˡ
ٰԽ֪岻ãԽҲʱʱϡҩġ
꣺ǰЩӲ˵תôֲˣɷҪ̫ҽ
ֹ
һԵ䣬˵޷
ҹɾ˰磬ʹˡ
ٴʧɫڴˣ
öԼԼ
ʲô̼ˣ
ɥ֪ҹ½ɱˣ轣ǶСּ㱻Ųˣοɾ
һৡڰǰ趯
ŵöյǣˮʪۡ
ָ֡ȥ
ŵס۾
ʾϣһ˵ĵ
סĿڣ½ôף
ͷ絷⣬ˤ۵ƨɡ
Ҳ𴲵ʱƨɻۡ
½Ϊʲôɱ
Ȼԣ벻عԺҪԽԭ
̾½˵ɾ۸˿
𾪣ٰ˸۸
һ
ץص㣬һҭ˵Ĳϸʣ½⻰Ҳ磬ɾҲûǽ͡
ǰعȥˡСʰˮ˷ܵػɾ
һĻ˻ȥ
õȷǲˣڴϿ飬ɫż̯ǡ
ͥд˰磬ôܲ
˵ˣ
ظҲ
ߵߣ飬ϡ
߶½߯ó˿Լˣõ֡ɾҲûԿʲôѽ
½ţ±һ
ײĴʾͼֵƣ鷿ûꡣ
ûԹôĿ
Ŀһ
ֻû뵽ץ󣬾½誴󶯸λ
СǸõı
룬ɾҪҪ취½ӵŵǸ
÷һҳ飬ˡ
ûеø޷Сƽϣ½誳ԵѵС
ˣĶͷû÷ȣɾôƢͻȻˡ
ЩϳʰòҶ졣½֪
۷һɨ֪ʧԣסͲ˵ˡ
***
Խ³Ժ鷿˼ĸȥ
ǿʢԽʹѾΣζԶ
ĸٶ꣬˵ȴ޷ȵسһţʮһա
Խöۣ̰٣ȥѽ
Ȼᣬڳϳ˼棬س
˵泳ʲôҪġ
ᣬܽ˺
˲ˮЦеʣкηԸ
û𣿡
ⶼˡ
һΪѣ⡭ʵѰ죬ɾֲˡ
ٰԽ֪岻ãԽҲʱʱϡҩġ
꣺ǰЩӲ˵תôֲˣɷҪ̫ҽ
ֹ
һԵ䣬˵޷
ҹɾ˰磬ʹˡ
ٴʧɫڴˣ
öԼԼ
ʲô̼ˣ
ɥ֪ҹ½ɱˣ轣ǶСּ㱻Ųˣοɾ
һৡڰǰ趯
ŵöյǣˮʪۡ
ָ֡ȥ
ŵס۾
ʾϣһ˵ĵ
סĿڣ½ôף
ͷ絷⣬ˤ۵ƨɡ
Ҳ𴲵ʱƨɻۡ
½Ϊʲôɱ
Ȼԣ벻عԺҪԽԭ
̾½˵ɾ۸˿
𾪣ٰ˸۸
һ
ץص㣬һҭ˵Ĳϸʣ½⻰Ҳ磬ɾҲûǽ͡
ǰعȥˡСʰˮ˷ܵػɾ
һĻ˻ȥ
õȷǲˣڴϿ飬ɫż̯ǡ
ͥд˰磬ôܲ
˵ˣ
ظҲ
ߵߣ飬ϡ
߶½߯ó˿Լˣõ֡ɾҲûԿʲôѽ
½ţ±һ
ײĴʾͼֵƣ鷿ûꡣ
ûԹôĿ
Ŀһ
ֻû뵽ץ󣬾½誴󶯸λ
СǸõı
룬ɾҪҪ취½ӵŵǸ
÷һҳ飬ˡ
ûеø޷Сƽϣ½誳ԵѵС
ˣĶͷû÷ȣɾôƢͻȻˡ
ЩϳʰòҶ졣½֪
۷һɨ֪ʧԣסͲ˵ˡ
***
鷿ݸһ䡣
ϳǺȲ費ɣ۵Ķ
Խֻаˣɫһأ
ٸԽֹһϳǱźȲƣ۾Ǳ
Խɫһ
ϳǻ࿴ΪҪùˣһЦ
Сӻôţ
ȥ֮
ϳǶãȻ
ô½ӳϹϵˣ
ϳݱȥƫӴӿ½ʩʩȻ鷿̹š
鷿ﰲúܣץӷΣ㶯
˺ܾã½ȫȫβ뿪ˡ
ǡÿ쵽ʱ֣ﰴϳš߽鷿׼ǰĿ϶ٳһܡ
û뵽ÿԽһطԸ٣
¼ǵȥһЩϲΣ֧Ǳߣ֮¾ͲȥˣڼЪš
ϳһᡣ
½ǰݣҲܷ½ӣ
治ǽϼֱ׶
ûãԽ֧ϲθַһٺǮڼҷʡϢʹٰǡ
ĥζ
ʹ̫ˣͣ½ӵĳͷҲ࣬񷣡
ҿìܣи
ֱ⣬ԽҲҲǣɴͷ·¾ȥˣ׼ᡣ
Ϣһظ½ƽԲ۶ˡ
׿ڸ½ʲôʱȥã·ʲôʱ򻹸Ӳš
½ƽ֪ԹԶڼµĿ
Ȼ½ܣڼû硱죬ͺ½褡ǱΪ顱Ϸߣֵ½ͷۡ
½߽԰ʱ½褺½ƽͤ塣
½ƽȻȹѣȴͷ鷳ø˰󣬳Դ۾ض̡
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磡
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13
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15
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һѣҲˡϣٿ磬ãȷû⣬̲ס˸硣



16
ޥԺＦɹ
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17
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18
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20
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21
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22
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˵½ƽǺԣʺ϶ףȽϺá
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Ȼ˰죬Ҳֻܱơ
˭˭
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23
½ƽصСãǡǴʦ͹ǳ
ڸɮǰ½ƽ˳Աè˫ֺʮ

ǶԶˣǴʦȻס
½ƽΪҪ˵𷨣ܳû뵽ǴʦֿϣЦͷ
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ɫףץ֣ô죿ҪҪȥ
ţ̽ǡ
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***
ҹá
Ƭ̣˵ɽϴ˶ã
ȵ˵Լһյ衣ǽȥҵĿ֪˵ʲô

룬ȡһӣõַ
ԽǵĲһ½ƽҸķԽ½ƽȤ£
͸˿ڷˣǰ˾Ųʮ롣
Ӧ£οŮԽʺӵĸ·ﲻɡ
⻰˵ҲĶֱ⣬᲻ί
ء
ȵ˲ӣ˵սˣϽûֶˡ
Ц̴죡
һֱվȨڶʹӵܡ
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Ĳ
ȵ˵Ѿܴúӭ񡣡
Цֹ
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лն̣Ҫ̡
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ųʣ֪֪˭
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ҲҪ֪˭֪˭½ƽ΢Цڡ



24
Էĸ֣½ƽ߱ƣͻͽ澣սݿ࣬
ˣܰһ𣬳ʺһܣˡ
걻ͷƨ졣Ȼˣֻɵ
һ編ƣƨɵ½УǸҵţǲú
½ƽһ°ϣ۵ᶼˣٶ졣
ԱߵΪ׵Ͷӵı顣
ˣӲֻԵԼѿ
һתɡ
¶˼ˣŰ̧ȥҽݡ⳥ƹҲˬ죬ƺϰΪ
˭½ƽĶࡣ
縶½ƽΪ׵Ǹ
겻ݣĵؿ
½ƽʼ磺û¡Ҵ򾡹ɱҲҾͲˣԼȥ
ָǸ
ﳤȥһţ
***
һ߳ҽݸ˾ͰӴӴĬعһҽݡ
ԷĿûˡ
ҽݶˣץҩᳵ·Ų˼ݡ½ƽȣһǻæҩһϵˣǶӵܣ⼸쵱ĵ㡣
ЩӵƵ壬ϻһա½ƽġ֣ǮϵսѲµ
ݷ
ʢһ߰Ӵһ߱Թû뵽ӵôûӡ
½ƽۣСĴĲһ
½˵ϽǸ黫Ϻ꣬ĳۻࡣͻȻٰ϶ͼ
繬硣
˶ˣҽݸظҡ½ƽ¶ظţԼÿñԺĴš
īЦеؿţ׼죬ǿǵˣʱСУ˭ģ
½ƽͷۣôųһ·ߣŪҩ
ʲô࣬ҩࡣԼҸҩҪǮء
īߵߵظҩͭ½ƽžӸԼҩӾпá
ͷҲأˡ˻
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żһԲ
ϦӰӣտĺԺֻз
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***
ᱳʹͷбػ½úӴɵ֡
ִˣɺͳ
½ƽʱ䣺û䣡
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ҳˡ
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ͬüɫظݣһһ㶵ġ
ǰһӵܵʱ򣬴ûôķͷ
½褲ɶ࿴ۣȷǸŮкٰġ
½´ôʦΪ
½ƽֻ֧û
ԷԷˡ



25
½ҵĵҿνɹ
ĸúõسţûٰͱһ١
Ͻϻһ֪˵֡
ŲңʹƲء
Ա߿Ҫǳ졣
⼸е󱲣ۣܲ
ʮɣ˭ǣ
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޲һ˦ȥ˴򶼲֪˭֡
ݺúõģôٰͱˣ
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˵ãʱŭһ߹ȥֺ£ȴ֨
ȫٰҶֵСֻǳԱ˳ŵѰĻ
˵ͻȻòԣüǲֶԽˣ
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˽С˼ݣܺθڣΨһȱǿƯŮӾ߲һС
ФĸФ˵ӢƯ
뵽ʲô׵ġ
µصҾǶ࿴ۡ
ֱҪιȥ
ٰǶ֪㱻ˣ㿴˼ۣˣ
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ΪֻļҵĹŮֻڵϷ䣬û뵽Ȼι֮һ
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˵˺ŵĻȴ޶ԣϰΪ
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ѷ˽гȥȥһǼ½ңǧܵ
˲ǴǼҵֶ
޽ͿˣҪĲ½ңϺ˭ó裿ˣͲˣͻǼҡ
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ʢ˵أֻ̫࣬Ծɲܳš
ȥָָʹӸæǽȥ˵ܵȺþˡ
ܿ½ƽһ㶣ͷȫֱ
ϽûӣȥĶˣȹѡһ·һҡҷ˵Ļǰš
Ϳϵĸҩ̿ôûϣ
ν֣˵ܳ˯ġԴӰᵽٰ½ƽѾ˺ܶࡣ
Ǳ߷һ֮߷һ֮˯
˸ҩȤġ
⶯֣ҪԼҷġôֲҩ
ܲ˼ͷûôˣҵҲûҡܰˡ
Ͳ죺Ҳû㣿
Դ˴һ⻹ͷһδܺ˰ᡣ
ץסص㣺Ͻô᣿
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˵ܾоˣֱˡ
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òڣīڸ½ƽˣμϴŵĽѵϽ׼ˮ㡣Ȼһȴ½ƽԶˡ
ī񣺣
ޱתͷЦѵİǣǿԼߵģû˭ȥɾǰ˵



26
һʱǰͽˣ֪ǰʲô
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Խų룬˼áʣȷս⣿ 
Ҫû⣬Ƿżʱ㳲ٰң
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½ƽ٣ͷɹС˵ġ
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͵͵ԼԺȣ
ԭǿѹĵһ˿΢΢ļ¶άϵ򶨣վЦ򶯣ǳЦŵͷá
ǹĿʲôöûƫƫΪһ̳ôˣ·ûʲôǡ
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Ҫѧ̫֣´һѸ㡭
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˵˵ԶȥīһӣһͳһǮ鲻Ը񣺡Ӯˣ



27
֪Խ͸Ŀڷ磬ԽսϢʱʱסˡ
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ôѵôԵȥ
ҪҪĳʳ



28
½ƽٰʳ䣬ƫƫѡʱѡ
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29
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ĬĬһһȥһųˣŰװŽĳľϻŽ룬ȥˡ



30
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31
ˮ˵͸ȻظţЦҲ
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ԱŮӵЦ㶵ģþòŻָʱһ飺㲻ǡ
Ǳ𣿣
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33
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òԾظľˣĬƬ̣ƺش⣺Ǳˣ
۾һȥЩġ
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ŭģȻ۾ףȥ


34
ʮɡʮɾƺͷ˷ֶ֮£һҹ֮䴫ٰĴС
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ж
ϹܼԱ߿˿ȣһͰ
½ƽˣһ澶ֹһ󣬸Լѷɵıøʻ鷿

Цؽ½һ᲻صش˴ӡ
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35
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36
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37
أ顣
ոأŷǮߣٿһѻȸ
ͣ

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38
ҹӭȻŵƣ̩Ų
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39
̩ǰŸոճþ֪ˡ
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֮ģĦΣŵݸ񣬡ȥպá



40
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46
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綨ڰʱҪŮȴһæˣޥԺѡױΡ
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澶˹ǶлͻȻ裬׼š
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47
ʮŮ룬衣
½ƽһ߿裬ʱʱ䡣ʱʱθǧǣ֪ж࿪ġ
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ֻһ䣬˵̽˿ڷ硣û£û뵽콵£Լͷϡ
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48
ԽԽȡ
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49
Ż·ٰҲжׯ
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̫ˣҲûšڳŴļɽӳ
ͻԺûټ½ƽ
칬½վڹӰ˵½ƽֳ䣬ױ޻ˣϻմۡ
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Խ֪½ҲΌּŻ£ܵҸġЩķԼײԹñˡ
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ÿˮϳȣԶ
δĺ˱ۣ޶ԡ



50
Ѭǡ
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51
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˵½ƽеСǽ¹е¹
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52
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ǰŸӣĿǳͦǱʮֿĳֻ࣬ɫʮֲ԰ףüЩ
Լյڣֻõʲ

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ǮЦײ㲻öš
Ȼ˱ΪȨƲֶΣǮûʲô
ӺɷӦòСڣ汾¡
½ƽڻ¥ǰͷܣ޹뷶ıã͸ֺʰ
ܺá
ظһ飬ɫһٲԡ
Ǯ쿲ˣžƺյߣϸ½ƽ˭˭˭жײС
֪½ƽ˶پƣԺģѾˡ
ƺúô
½ƽգգۣصͷ
˻ΪҪŭˣĦȭ׼֣û뵽΢΢һЦյ˵Ҹһ̳һƣúȵúܣ벻볢
Ǯò˴
òڰɣ̫ˣ
ȴֹЩ
˲ǰǸ½ƽż˾ζŽŴյǰ⶯ģ
鶯֪롣
žյָһƺסʲôֶȻɿ



54
С˶ûע⡣
Ϊ˶ڿ½ƽ
½ƽʻʶӦĿʱƺһ˲Ժз˸
ҲŲ롭
ֱ
û뵽ԺȻ⸱ģת֪ʲô
Ǯһֱûò⣬ֻɤӣȰɣȥɡǶзִ磬ֳӡ
㿴ˣ½ƽˣҪ£ﶼܴ
ȻǮ
Ӿˣû뵽ȻĿˡ
˲Ӭģ
ģھ½ٲ񣿡
Ǯˡ
ȷʵ⣬²ţ赶ɱҲڴˡ
ɾˢˢãƺپͲߡ
̾һ˵ͷλ֮
ǮתŭΪϲ÷¾յȻӰһ׺һƶˮڶ洬ϡ
洬ڶʱһɧּǷ׷˱ܡǮۣñ˫֣½ƽ͵شơ
ѵôѵУ֤״
˸ãƺҡҡ׹һװȵæˡ
֮£ߵɾȻعֵѰʧɢֵܡ
ɣô
ִ߽ܲӦͷ
ͣɣ
ӣˤӡʢͷƨҷš
У˽侲
Сɾ֮˻¥ͷѵһ±ǡ
Ҫǣôڶ棿
ɾǵ߽ϡ
ֻžյƺ⣺ǣδꡣԲԣ
½ƽƺ˽Ȼͷ
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Ǯ˶˹һ
Ǯ㽫ĺˣȻ˻
̫ˣôЩ꣬ûô£
ȴңң½ƽı飬鲻ã˻ɡ
Ǯ쿲һѪŻ

һݺݺ࣬ʲô
һĶʲôз΢ŽǱ߻ˣ
֪½ƽ˶پƣԺģѾˡ
ƺúô
½ƽգգۣصͷ
˻ΪҪŭˣĦȭ׼֣û뵽΢΢һЦյ˵Ҹһ̳һƣúȵúܣ벻볢
Ǯò˴
òڰɣ̫ˣ
ȴֹЩ
˲ǰǸ½ƽż˾ζŽŴյǰ⶯ģ
鶯֪롣
žյָһƺסʲôֶȻɿ
С˶ûע⡣
Ϊ˶ڿ½ƽ
½ƽʻʶӦĿʱƺһ˲Ժз˸
ҲŲ롭
ֱ
û뵽ԺȻ⸱ģת֪ʲô
Ǯһֱûò⣬ֻɤӣȰɣȥɡǶзִ磬ֳӡ
ץס½ƽֻҪſԼ˽ˡ
ޥԺû½ƽͷԹԽԼɵĺ¡
½û˵㡪
ôҽۣû뵽½ƽԼûˡ
½ƽľǿȶҶֶţû·붺档
½İ壺ȥǸͰϴ͵Ķȥ
Ҳռıˣ
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½½棬ȥ˽
ϴξ˸ܼңιӳ棬νӡ
½ƽޥԺһߵһ߰ѵѵö䶼ۣ½誻æȥ磡
½調ÿСһΣҼˡ
½ƽһ
Ҫȥȥϡ
½ƽŭң
½ƳΪʲôң
ҪʹСӣǶƤӵ¡
£½誺½Ժ;
½ƽˣؽȥ
***
һʱĳٴν˽Ĵš
Դӱ½ƽѣõɫûÿ
һľƵš
ɫȰҲͷ
ɾÿ˾ͻȻûһ˿ǿžͽ˷
½褴ġ½һΣԵù
ſˣ½߽תͷȴûˣɫһڡ
ɫ
½ЩΣԵȡʹ⾾˸Сӽ
½ƽǸϲװױ硣
˵ϲΣֻһ֧ҡûбΣʮؾһźѣȥСˣûצ
½һϿңҼòð£Ҫƽϡ
ص½ˡ
½񵥡ɨһۣȻ½ƽ
½ƽ￩һ£оĿϣһŴͷŲŲѡ
ô𣿰ȵȣ
ͳȥˡ
ڵЩ顣
ҪΪ̣ɰֵ
ôô죿ھ͸
½ƽС˹ȥ
ð񵥷һߣôؿ½ƽ
½ü԰벽
ʲô
㷲ְƵСסˣƣźɫȹڡ
ӺɷҹӲʲôҪǴȥɲ̫
㿴ˣ½ƽˣҪ£ﶼܴ
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Ӿˣû뵽ȻĿˡ
˲Ӭģ
ģھ½ٲ񣿡
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½ƽϰ߱ȴغȰˣٺȥջͷ۵ġ
ǮĿɿڴһߴŴǱߴ
Ȩû
ǮʵܲˣϽûǮ쿶ˣҪҲ޹ء
ǱߵĳԶˣߵּ޴ؿá
Ǽ׽ؼҵŮӣǷĳ棬û
ۼɨһȦΪҪٽѵû뵽ֻǽýЩԸղôС
ּγѣ

˼£½ƽͷ˯ȥˡ
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½ƽ˯㣬ֻо˵ϢձߣƣƺС
С۹۱Ǳǹģװڳÿʵָҵ棬ֱָ÷죬ô治
͵ͷ͵òֻ̧ۣͷһ˲ͲСƼˣæƿߣʢضӡ
СֹҽͲô۾š
ʢز䣺ҽͲóš
***
½ƽͷ죬ǿ𴲡
ͷһµذڶͷεת
ֱͦͦڴϣһָͷ붯
¶Ѿݣһι½ƽȵһˣȴӲˮʣ°Ѿꡣ
¶ĸ첲ĵʣûֺܰȾһܲ
ǲǷǵŻ
һ̣Ȼƿ˱仯Դռ˱˵Сӡ
½ƽɽڣͷԼԲۣһξԼȹӳſˡ
ҪǴȹѣͿһ·ߺȥԽֹ
û˱Ƶվǰһ
½ƽŭȣ
ռˣǵôɣ
ΪɫһףԡԵͱˣŮԡ
½ƽݺݵؿʵڲ޴ĲӶֻ֣յ
šߣ
һﳤȥɨɮҲŷɢˣæ𽣡
˹άɾ
Ƴ˵һۣȥ

ɽµķ½ƽӰﴩ
ĥĥ
ԩ·խ
½ƽװûĥĥﵽǮ˵ϴδӦҵģȥݿԶˣô
ǮЦȻ˭
˵Ϳһۡ
ģΪãôѵˣ
½ƽ޷޵سһۣҪ磬зѩ
Ǯʱҭס
½½褾ˣѩҲڡˡ
Աīֶһ¡
ɤӣòͲ뻹ܴ˭
½ƽŲϵһͷһˡ
ǮЩЦؿãͲ˵䣿
½ƽȻҪȥݶǮܷ½ƽԹȥ
ȥݵĿɲֹһһ½ƽ˱ɾҪҪ˻飬Խһмܵס
ֽϲ˼֣Լ˵Ȼȥٰ֮ǰȥݣҪʱ򡣡
ǮһͣƺʲôԾزˡ
Ǯһ㶣ĸҪô˵Ҿˡ
ȵЩΣū·˵ˣ
岻ʣ˵Ⱦ˷纮ñл͡
úӸǮµʵԭ򣬱̾˿ߣȥһ˰ɡ
ŽȵҴˣֻ鷿
ķ֦ͷӰ˸ī뵣˱ʣֶĿȻ
һжӶԶˡߵߣһַŴָߵ
ȥԽ֪¡
ӰһᣬӰڹ֦ͷʧڲԶ
***
³ӵǴٰƺƵǰݡ
ǲ·һ·ɽˮߣʮŵ
ѮʹɽϣһҲлˡСɽ࣬棬Ǳʤء
ӵ˱ɽϵɹ۱һױԺ;ʮˣȴ˶ʮɹ۵ĿԺס
˶˶ĺôֺԺǮɱȥߣ˷׷ӦժæȻ졣
Ϧɽ½褴ͣһ㣬ŶңСߡ
Ϫߵ½ƽ˲һҰ˿ֱֳʯͷڻϣִ½褵ﾾһ㣬ͳ̵죬ʵøƵġ
ʲôУǹУ
׻ĹȺߵߵԶˡ
ʢ׽һְһ£ۡ
ſʯϣ˵ζʢҪκʣۿ½ƽץһСѣȫȥʯ嶼ˡ
ʢģõһⳢ˳ȥϪڡ
ôѳ𣿡
½ƽҲһС飬ֻһ㣬ˡ
СʳᾫڲϸͷһγԵ̵⣬ȻԼģ
ÿԼ֣ȵϢģڻġ
óô
سһ⣬Сţݵߣޱ飺
ֲǵһʶ
һ̣֪ڴʲô⡣
Ǵظӵ⣬ЦЦܺóԡ
½ƽ̾˿С
ѵղСɫŻ
ôᣬǲӲ
Ǯ˵ˣ綼Ҫǰ죬ԽȻ½ˡ
ɣôжڡ
죬ûüˣͷþȻҲˣ
˵æ
鸡˵ɣǲǹģ
÷·𲻽⣺ʲô⣿
ǹ⡭˰죬֪ôڣ㳤̾һˣûʡ
½ƽƲͷ
˶˶֪ȤԶԶġֻ͸ոյ֪һʯϽƵͼˡ
Ǳ
æ⣬˴½ƽûüȰһ˰
͵ҲˣȥСϪߡ
ǴȺػˡ½ƽʼûܣûͶһ𣿡
˸֦оûô㣬Ҳȥˡ
˵ܲٲܲٵ翴ɽϣˡҲá
ʢִƴƣ֡ʲô
ɻʱߵø½ƽſ˸ߵ
ƴקڱԺŵСûܹĴݲУ·ʱ۷׿°ĭ
ӭȥſϾȻһֻɽʱ۾ֱ
ԹԣɲһˣȻɽ
ȻһһֻСֱֻˡ
½ƽͷأ̾˿
ճʱ졣
ȻôףôҲ磬ʼ˶󶼲˼ˣֻöߣ͵ڡ
հһߣ˭֪ʲôʱ͵͵ġ
½ƽӭȥŷֱиɰæƣղűɽסˣû
ѩڲԶ䡣
žѵһѣԸʢȥǶҩ֪ǹԼůģǿʱЩͷƤ顣
ô׽ǲ̫ˣ
ֶɷ·𱻿ص˼صͷ
ûָǿ꣬λǣ
𱳺иˣæǸɽϵԻһɽҪûҿҪɽɽˡ
½ƽһȴ¶ЦôԹӢ۳꣡
Ƥ΢ڣŴֲѡôžȨӵܣµò̧ͷ͡͵ˣҪȥȥҵ
æסȱߣ˵˷һɽҲ˵㻰
ֹ
ǮһɫΧ
ǧǿ
꼴ԵǷ˵ġ
˸ǿŮƵģȥǮ쿵һۣһߡ½ƽ⣬۴ıӰ
Сشչǲ⣿
С
Ȼͬ
½ƽޱؿһۣŶ˵¶𣬾һֱڿҡ
꿴ɬȴһֱ̫ԡ
ֱĿⲻǺ棬ڴ̽ʲô
ĪģǶô
ͷ½ƽֻ˵Եýˣܿ
Ϊô˵
½ƽ쬵صһۣ
ȴؽ˻ΪԻ
½ƽ̲ȥͷˣ˵ɣ֪˭Ի
ʣ֪û
½ƽ´ҡҡͷ
˭˵˽ãÿġÿĶˣÿҲֻôһ㡣
˽úܡ
½ƽܣƹߡ
ʮܻͷֻվɽϣϸӰ͹ȰӰ໥žȻЩ
ǽﶨˣʲôģ
й򣬶ͬͬԼࡣ
ҡҡͷѲ׵뷨˦ӣ½ƽˡ



55
ٴɽסʮð̹Ϸ֡Ȼ˭Ҳ½ƽӣȸԻ꣬ʣµĴһ֡
ʯѾڳ̿½ƽθɾʯ壬⡣תͷһɽѾָ⡣
½ƽ
ǲˣ
Һ½褶һ㣬һ顣½ƽŰƴ⣬һ޿
⣬ġ
½ƽһ߾ɥһ߶Ƭ⡣
ԣʱˣҰȻѪζȴһѺ֡
һ鱡ʯϣܿ˵ζ
½ƽһΣ׼ʢŶٺʣͿԵͣпջش
ҡҡͷ׼ԼͷʯϿտյһⶼûС
տһ⡣ڵңǿƽ֡
ûˣӦÿʤһ
Ƿҩ̵ĻƣʵİȻ鲻㣬书ȴ
ǵܶӦöĶ֣Զ֡
˲½ң֪½ƽСϣ񲻷ֻҪûٴ
Ȼ˿ȣӻȡһƿʳ裬ݸӡ
һֱ½ңź󣬾͵͵Ѳķ䣬ûҵҩƿǾϡ
ֻƿ
ȥ֣̫ҽԽʲôҩ
ӽܣһˣɾ
һƿʳ衣
üٿʱ½ƽѾԶˡ
½ƽԥһҧڷϡ
΢ζ͸֬ӳݷ⣬æ˺ҧһ⣬һ̣סæؿڡ
ȴ׼һͲ½ƽ˫Ŀᣬ˼ڣò׻
Ż⿴ͲĹ
ɿڣܺĿζ
ġ
½ƽ΢ſ߷һ֮ǰֲɵҰֻæ⣬˲Щ
½ƽֱۣⷽһƿˡ
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ҵ飬㿼ǵΣ
½ƽţʲô
֪ΪΣڻ¾ȻЩį
˵ߣҲܹǡ֮ǰұԺ
ƺǰ£½ƽһڵҶˡ
Ըᣬñգóô
½ƽҧȣԵɴ۾ССڵؽ⣬Լϲԡ
ݸʰһľͷȥ뿪ֻʣֻצΧ裬ð͡
½ƽųһ⣬ֿȻıӰЩʳʡ
ô࣬ǵΪֹûԹһڡ
ǵ岻ãڸţԵر嵭ЩӶǸ׼ģر㣬϶
֪˶Ժûźʳīٰô죿ôŲԶ
˺üѣ½ԱǶѺ˵ʱʱע߶䲻õĴʱûסһھˮ
žˮɹͷ½Ǳ˴ţоԼʵиС
ҪõóѣȥǵðƤ
ǺЦţ˴Ȥ½ƽˣ׷ѽ
½ƽЦӣƤˣ
æסͣʾԼٶ졣
վͨԺС·ϣ½ƽγֻõӣǰһ
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ô⣬ɫ֬ڣ䦳һƬɫĺۼ
ЦЦӳ½ƽıӰҧһڡ
***
죬Ϫߵű
գǶ㷹ŹԲĶƤߡ
·ֲڣȥɹ۵ļϣȥԺתʮ˷ֳһӾ徻˺ܶࡣ
½ƽŮ죬סڱԺǳɫʢûٿ˰ɣ
Ի걻Ǯ쿴ȥɹ۰Ъʢҡͷǵ÷ѩ㷿ſڡ
½ƽЦЦ
ի˳Եúܲζ
½ƽԾ˱ǶԷĴ󲻾Ӳڷǰоһ飬Ǯߡ
ߵʱ½ƽĴûɣ
գգֲۣǴ򲻹˵
ʮˣ˵öˡļԽܵУҲ۴£ܺ½ƽҸʲôķ
Ȼû᲻᲻ʶ½ƽˣ
½ƽü򲻹Ͷͱˣġ
ͣ
ˣͲð½ƽͨСӡ
½ƽͣȴһ񺮣ܲþˡ
ȻһѣֻǾñ۸ˣʲһҪ۸
½ƽŲͣˣζؿ
˵ˣģֲʲôҸװףһɾЩ߰ģ֪
Ա߼ӵȻͷ
Ҫܶɾ㣿⻹򵥣½ƽ΢ЦٰԺϣЧǰףҹҹ¸
˵ߣᱩ׵̩
ǳԱ˳ŵģ̩˵ôࡣ
浱챿ȥѧ
½ƽԲĶƤٴδ˸á
ǸظԺ½ƽջԼ룬ŵСŮС
½ƽһ֪õֱʣֻû֮ǰôУʲô
СŮЦúϲʳ衣
⡣
½ƽҡҡͷСŮǷ룬ǳһš
ɿڣζ̲סֳš
***
ڿⷦ
ٰ²ܷţҲīǮæЩ˹
̫òմͻ磬ֻӶ˵Щǿһ߿һఴθоˣ׼¾ޣͼŽн
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ô򿪽һʣ°ƿʳ裬һš
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ҡͷ
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죬¶áãˮ
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Ҳû뵽ԼôܳԣֻӾˡõĶȻԡ
֮£ֻǣŷѩԺɢһһĥ¿һתһȦһȦ
½ƽһڡ
ָָԺһߣƵǱ˭
˼Ҳ
ԺӵʱǮɿֲ´ðڡ
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½ƽˬǽȴŲԶɵˡ
ӣڵľ
½ƽһŬŬ죺꣬ɡ
ǺͷѩŤͷһԺ¶Ӱ֪ʱݶϣƺڰŪʲôɫ£һɫӳ¹⣬Զ
һ뵽ԼͬݶڣЩŤ
½ƽϽطϢȻո£һƼἫϸҶӵ˶ĵ׶ġ
ӲԽصĵӣҶѼϸߴûֲ½ƽ˯ǰԺظоһɽ´϶䣬ײС
룬ǲ˭
תģ˯ˡ
¶Ҷ˯ţһŷ½ƽ˯㣬ôʣ˳ȥ



56
ȨӵǴԣ˴⣬ζ
ʮֻϽϪˮСϪߵƽһ಼ӲλεһѱǸոóĶʡ
ǮһڹϣҲǰʮ
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ÿ˱ʱҪսһʹ֮ǰĹĿµ׼Ļʤиũ˵ˣ׼˺üǡ
ǮɶѣǮ½ƽһӡ
ͷмӵһɽչԡʮŮСϪߵ¡
аɣ˵ʱôֻݻСԣо飬չһһ׵ġȨӵǺܸȤʱŹȥ죬Ϳʼֵܡ
¶Ȼ䲻ȵģֻ½ƽǼˡ
½һ߳ԹһʣҪȥס죿
ʿ䣬ȥ۲˼죬ûʲô
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жָ·ߣ½ƽܿȥ˰ɵԺӡ
ɱһСƫԺ﷿ܽǽиֲӰӰ´µģͷǲ
Ȼ˸ոǽ߶ã½ƽüס˱ӣʲôζ
δ䣬һǽ֮ʹ˹
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ɫ͸ߵǽ¶յΣֻ߶ŲǿЩӰܶˡ
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ǮڸЩѡǮ滹ڽĸ磬ȵҡ
Ǯȥ㣬Ϣһ˵Ҫ
û˵꣬һŲ˹ƲǮ쿾塣
½ƽӣһ
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½ƽѾ˰ɣ磺ȥɽȹ
룬ֶ¶ȥû˶ֽš
ôֶӣ϶ɺϡ
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ǰûоӣ½ƽҲ·ܿԼ̵ò˵ɫ
£Ӱˣ顣
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59
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60
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ۿ۽ǰ½ƽϢһͣоСӣȴһӲǿ߿
½ƽȵصǲȷ͸ˣſɽڴϢ
һߣһֻʱö࣬ѩţ¾ͽ
ͷʬϵڣͷһ½ƽŷѩƴŹͷѩ

ȻҲЩ߹ȥߣ⹷ò
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½ƽѩˣ㶼ҵ֡
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ѩչԼӣϽƿ˱ˣҶŲȥ
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ڼͷ˯̲סؿڻ
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***
ɽԺŽգϸǶڽǮɿ׺ȾƳķףֿһԱɪɪŮǣо̩ȴֻܾĵ̾
Ⱥұ紳ɱ䣬ŨѪζ֮Ż
˴˾ܣ̩Ҫ°Լæ˵иò绨ãþҪˣײ죬Ҳ
ԼˬٿԷۻһ۸ӵĴ
˰ѵϵļϿˡʹٴУ½ƽȴݣҸߡ
þҩƿ䣬û˵ͼ½ƽЦһգǰᵶ
üû뵽ԼûҲֻ֣ܲÿһ
һԲϾͶ֣īʧɫһ㣬ȥȡīĶΧ˸ƣð㣬ÿ˵ɾ
ɾӽ
ͷҲأֽסνǺһ
û뵽½ƽ͵Ľ
ǸղֻǶ档
Ȼʩչȥ
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һݣͼԿʤһýȴսһĿϾӡ
ī񶼿ɵˡ
ͷӬһӣ·Сһ֪˴кö㷭ɽᡣҲǴСУǲ֪Լһ·ӣȻԽ
ӱͲٻȥˣɱͷֻһ̹Ҹطӡ
ԽƫһȴʮָǽЩ㹻ǺüӵĻá
Ȼһ뵽ʧ־ӦЦ㲻׷ˣҲø롣ȻתͷԸ£ż
һɽϣһʼֻǵĻ𣬺ܿͳԭ֮ơ꽭ϸɺ꣬ɽ޴ĸɲѣһš
ܿӳ͸˰죬ұǺЦ뿪ŮǵĿתͷ˿ɽϣмЦ
ĸҹ棬һѻȥҲճ̿
***
Ǳѩѵġ
ʱѩҧƴ˺ɽصĿ͡
ڵ¹ⲻˣȡ֮ɽҰĺ⡣ȥһɽʮұˣһߣվôߵĵطҲŵŨҵĽζ̲ס˼
ѣ
ССһţ˯úܳȻôУ½ƽʼûѣͷ̵þˡһ˿ڣѾˡ
ˣ취Ͻɽ
ȥ½ƽĹԭˬɽסո̤ڣͿѾյɽϡ
½ƽԲѣ°͵򣬴ձߵϢһŻ
Ӷϱԭ·ءֻɽɽµĺңûбĳ·
ɽϣԺɹ۶˻֮УҲҴһƳ
Թ˲ϾοϻиԲѵ½ƽ
ʾѩϣɵããɽ֮С
֦ҶεۣϾ˼ƹһɽܿѭˮ˺ӱߡ
Ŵ̱ǵĽζ½ƽſͷš
ɫ䣬ճ԰´ӰֻǱһתͷͱѩҧס°ڡ
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ϲ죬ƿȻƺᵽʲô⶯¶ɡ
ûΪżϤζһȴ͵һۡ

͵س֣һǳӡһȻ
ˣҧ
½ƽȫûʶԼʲôһ֣˯ȥ
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һұһ̳ƣߵӱߣϴȴһС˳£ƺûˡ
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ұǻӵߣ˹Ȼˮļʹʸ뷢ҲûֹСƯߡ
СߵѩˮƴˮæƴұƺҲ˾ذ׷
ԱڴУʱܷʸҹХŴӼձ߹ι
֪˶ãֱΧûκˣɽҲԶȥ̧ͷ
СƯããҹɫСڵ׺ϡǳΧû½أһͷֻõһƬϸˮˡ
ǧ̲꣬ããȣһҶС
ó˷λӦ̫ʱȫˡҸطϰˡ
ֱ½ƽѡ
һȴ˴ߡ
ءؽָ£оԽ΢Ϣ԰׵ֲ
***
ʢҺݴʷĹ̲˳
ʷͻȻȥ¾Ӫڳһҵ壬û֤ݵĶ㱻ϸҲṳ̂˰벽
ò֪룬ǡϴʷسǡȥһʣ֪ܺͱƴˣһ֧ܱ뱱ƣж˻һߡΪ˷ֱֹܳ룬ҲҪǿ䡣
ʢԮݴʷһʼΪ⣬Ȼȥҽݣˣʶԣ̲˸
ݴʷĳصҾʵ߲ȥҪġû´Ӧ˱Ƶ
ܺͱͻȻսҲյϢ֪죬˵ʲôҲҪѱԺЩͻٰȥ
һʢ־ͳ˳ǡݴʷҲҵȥٰϢ
ٶߵɽ£ʢȼյɽͷŵû⡣ɽɽ֣ǲȥ
ĸҲһɾȥô
ʢסҧȻҪȥܾһһҪҪʬ
ٶ˺ƺƵȥԺǰʢ˰ʬ׼ȴʮſڣɻ겻Ŵ콵ûоϲŵüУҪȥ
ʢòװǣһ¶綼ڣϸѯʲ֪ǰ󾭹ǼƲ͵͵ˡұŻˣǲų뽨µļһ𣬰е˾ȵ档
ЩþҪôҪôض¶糣½ƽܣΪ˻飬Ҳȱҩʮ꣬һЩģʣµĶһоȡ
ʢæ¾æŪȥˣæɤӶðˡ
¶Ÿ϶ɾûһô
ʢԾûһΪˣ
¶Ҳһæ¾ȥˣҵ½ƽ䡣
ҵҽʱˡͶ˶ĺȦǴȥ⡣
ҽҲûˣ¶켱ˣĪǻұǸô죡
͸һЩС㣬½֪ûѰȥˣǱ£һһǧţ
***
½ƽСʱſ½½誵ĺ󱳣ֵĺ󱳼ʵſźҲܿɿ
󱳵ĹͷˡоԼ϶ѳӡӡ
һ·ģоԼǹ˻ˮֱϰšɣ˲֪δļªϡ
˴ظߵ˵ʲô½ƽۣǶˮסˣ۾Ҳճסˣʲô
첲õ䱻˺˸ץ˿ڡ½ƽ۵ֱޣסҶظᡣ
һ˰ѣСظſڴϡ
޳Ĵס۾½ƽԼ׸㣬ܿ˯˹ȥ
ֲ֪˶ã˿أɬҩ֭У͵һҧӡ
˭ô޳ܣôҩǶţ
ƺҧ˶ԷȻԷȻʹ˷һһڵذҩС½ƽҴһֻȴĺԣըëèƵģ˳ëιҩĶȴʮǿӲ
½ƽòӡ
һҩȫι˽ȥ½ƽֱ䣬ű˹ڴһš
ƿıӣûȵĺ󱳣ȡů½ƽͷһᵽζСޣ˯д˸ŻУ̰ع˹

ѩضãͼˡ
һ۷磬ѩнβͣҽлˡ



61
ò׺˯ѣȥʹ˵
ǰϴܺƣ÷ڵۿһҩ˵ǿԻѪ
Ц˵ÿΣǧǵáˣ㲣϶ۡ
ҡҡͷϴΪ˼Ҫ뿪ȴʵҩûˣ
˵ʱͷۣԺϴ̾ǰеģֻϧ´ңȱҩģܾûˡ
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½ƽű˯㡣ȻһشأǸоʲôĥĥŲ˹Ҫȣñ˳Ьģ˴
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ƣ˯գ̲ס֣
ȣ
⻹ڷ飬½ƽһҧúݣںݶˡ
ðɢҵķ˿˳ζļµĴУҴñ졣½ƽ䣬ôȣ°˯ˡ
ҹɫ
ʱ½ƽۡ
һۿһǻ˼չȽţоֲڵĲϲ档
ģ
Ȼڶۿá
ڲԶϾţĿ񣬳͸ߡˣۣˮ
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ޥԺû½ƽͷԹԽԼɵĺ¡
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½ƽľǿȶҶֶţû·붺档
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˭뿴ˣҺÿ𣿡
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½ɫŹֶ֣ţʲôʱ򣿡
½ƽʶ˵˻ӲͷƤѰ˷µ˵ˡ
½Ѫӿҽһܣһ뵽ɵĺ£ֻˣָһ˵
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½褵ҡ÷ɿ죺òỹбǰɣ
½ƽҡͷС
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ĸȥֻҪȨơҲӲ֪ʲôζ
䰮ɼΨȨλܾƿء
꾩ܶŮĽٰʾúʧˣ˵ûĸΣ治ȵʯ
¡һŰ衢ǧСʲôֵöĵģΪ꾩ǧ죬õġ
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½ƽޥԺһߵһ߰ѵѵö䶼ۣ½誻æȥ磡
½調ÿСһΣҼˡ
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½ƽЩɥǾʹ˸ССĻ֪ˡҪңûУ
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⼸춼ţЩκġ
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Խͭ壬ԽΪԭͳҲôš
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ϲĶͲҪˡתͷеңӣʲô⣬һݡǵ嵭㡣



62
Ա㣬ڸתתǰ˿ջ
Ȼзѩߣ½ƽǲġ
֮ǰͬһңп˵ˣҪչˡˣҪտ
ڿ飬ɥŽûжķˡ
ңϧԸļų̣δڿջҲԸ¶Ұ⡣Կջȫסˣ䶼û¡
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Сĵʣǰҹô˯ģ
÷һ٣ͷ
½ƽһɡ
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ֿʼܽܳһʼû⣬ֱ̧˵Ψһһڴ֮䣬ü顣
½ƽ͸ƶңңԣһαضһ٣
½ƽһЦʤޡ
ҡҡͷ顣ڴأոҩ࣬ﻹиˣæ˵ҪҩˣŮܲףҪȳȥ
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ֿŷѩ
ѩƺ¶ӵҡβŤͷȥˡ
ñž򣬷ѩԹԶűߡȻûãƿһŷ죬֧֧ص㡭ܲܽæ
صŮܲף
½ƽΣæòãҿûҩ
ôظȥ˳ְѷѩ⡣
ѩ
ҲͻȥյǾͲˡ
½Ҳת½ƽҪߡ
ۿҪ̸½ƽˣ磡
ûӣ˭۾˭ˣΪ˸ǵ;
һͲǣǳҪƽ޹˵УҪһӣ
Ͻվľģ˭˭
½褵ͳ⣺
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ʶס彣
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½Ҳˡ
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ģҲ
ҡĹβͣһ˲ǻɡ
ֻ֣עֱƵĵƻƮһ£ˡ
***
ϸ΢ɢյȣɫģֻճʱЩ⣬תۼƺҪꡣ
˳УһСԺſڣ˫ſзƵĶ½ǰ
½ɫ԰׵طǽźҾͳȥ
ͽͷöʷһϢ֪ǣ˻ûãܳȥ
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ֱ죬ųϨ𡣺ݴʷѲѹ£һЩˣɽѰú½ƽ
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ΪʲôҪĻú䣿ʲôĳ
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˯ţʱѾһȦ½֧ס뿪
ڼһӶڣϴ飬˻
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65
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ĻԽһϣͷ׸Բϡ
һҪ޹ȥͬ⣬Ϊ˻չ
ȫˡ
ԼڵŮλãϵԽİգʹٺ޲ͣҲû˵׵Ļ
ܻԽŮŴܶԽµİΡ
ǰ̽ϢֻвͷϢ飬
Цس֣Ϣˡ
½ƽЦҺ˵ˣҵ¾ǸСڸƵķң
ЦǺǵ˵һ򣬾һ
½ƽֱ˵ط˸ۡ
ڵԥػͷˡĸףЪš
󰴰۽ǣ΢Цȥɣ˾͵úúϢ˺ҩ
š
һͷһڱʿӵţʧҹɫѩϣ˻
ڶ˲ס΢ЦԽϿ
͵һСԺӣ˸͸źСԺΧȦӳŻ⣬硣
ڴߣį
͸˵оصЪˡ
˵ʲô߿Цһؽ˴



72
Խȥ꾩·ߡ
һǴϱƹݱϣ½·һǮɸ߹ˮ·
֮ǰܹϳر߲ˣǰЩֻˮ·
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Ȼ࣬Żڽֱ꣬Ӵ˱ǣܷʲô꾩ݻɽκβá
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طǵ´𲻴Ӧ
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***
Խ壬ܱʿѺһһͬϡһʱͷ佱ѩƬ꾩
ҲңûгԹְ̡
оǳˡȻʱû˵ķݡ
ʦ꾩֮ǰڽƹ˸С磬λͲ͸硣
ҹƷΧɫһȻѵɢ˴ֻʣһԴԿ֦Ҷ
ͳʱŵܵܵˣ
ɺ޸
ɾտʣߵŮ޶ˣ˵Ŀ⡣
ºʱˣ
ŮͲȴɫٹ곤ˣ֪Ǻεˡ
ϣ뿤Ͷϣ
һƭ˭ı顣
ǣ½ƽ˵ĿȻȻشϡ
½ƽ״ƽߵطڲͼͷȴģֶţ
΢΢ף˵ϷҪ档
ָһ£½ƽڵغˣϺݺšһѡ
̧ͷ絶£治棿
Цúܡ
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ҪûǴлסĵط
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½ƽЦЦĸôõ֣ôҴк
лεЦû˵лϣĿж
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ϧɣĲˡŮͺˡʵں岻ãֱӰŪطôǮv
ЦպýΣ䵭
˸̶䣬о䡣
ȻܵܲԸ壬Ͱæ



73
СƷԶˮһ࣬ĵʯ䡣½ƽʯͷϣԱ߹ŮӣȰ
鲻Ըһ߷Աߴӵſ֦ļӣԣңҾͲȥ
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ظ޷᣺ҶףҵˡֻҪһһ㶼ü޸ҡ滨㾡ԡ
ذ½뿪
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***
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һֱһСԺ˾ߣҲ½ƽκûᡣ
½誳̾һ
ôü֪úòãûб۸ֻһһˡ



74
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75
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ԱߵǮЦһû˵Ǯɫһŭȵ죡ְοС
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76
Ĳͷ˽꾩С𶯡
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ÿϣ½ƽԺţȥ˯ʱŽ
һһ齣ͬһңҲల¡ֻǴ絽棬Ҳ˵ϻ
ϲǰŸߣʱЦһ˲˵Щ⣬Ŀ
½ƽûܾ¶ˣַһۡ
һۿһ⣬ΪӣԥŲ֪ôȰȴ½ƽ˵˵мˣҲ
˲ѣͽзְˡī
ֻʲô˼
Ҫ࣬ҪֻԼҪĸԸԼߡ
ĲоӲġҪ֪ߣĶȥˣ
ʾдˣԶͿʣȦһīŽȥͥС
ˡīʱɫѿԹԵһ׽ǰ
û
īÿ춼ڻԺʱȥīߡ¶綼ȥӣȥߣˡ
սҡҡͷǹɡţܣ̸ҡ
īЩᣬ£ǴԵİš
ϣٸ³⡣ǵµİţ̫ðˡ
ô̽ġ
ߣ˾֪
Ȼ֪ս˽
ǧӡ
ĻҲ֪Լʲô
***
֪УѮȻ٣ԷдȻۼҳԷ
˴δƺƴ󣬻ʵۻ׼ϳԽһͬǰȥɽ˺֡
УеλľԽǲլӣŽĹϵ๬ʹͣʵ۸ʱʱǵػмӡ
꾩£˭Ұǵ壿ٲȻ꾩¹
ӵʽ󣬻ʵȥˣնʱԾ½ƽջصԼУԽŷѩǰ
˫Ůԣ½ƽ޲˵ѩǺ޲˵ϡ
ԽϸŮ֣۵ôˣˮô
½ƽĿתؿͲÿĵϣĸҲˣֻ˵ҡֻȵģûʲôθڡ
һѩԵһԽ˵ǰռլ׼ٰס
οĹ
ЩĽ뵽ٰĴɫ
ȥʱٰǵģֻС
ˡ
ֱԽɫŶȻһĸ׵ͼ
οףͼ޶Ҫ뿪꾩ôˣ˵Գһȥ
½ƽһ˲˼ʱȸԾ
ĸŮ˵ûãԽ½˶ˡܿ컶ЦǢ
¶øпܾûô˹ˡ
ͻʱǢǣʶ˽Ų
½ƽƳɫһףվ¡
ɫƽѳݸǰ֡
ûȥҲûȥԣ̫˵䣬ԹҰˡ
ֻлﴧ£ȥЩĲɡ
üû
½һֱߣȻ˲²üλ̣ôȻˣ
ս֣ĸ׵˼ĸѰң˵ûʲôˣһ㡣
ҴҸϻȴĳ档
Եˡ
½ƽû뵽ʺһʱ֪˵Ǻá
һվࡣͼúõģֻ˵Ҫһԣ㾶ֱˡ
ﰲȥ˻࿴½Ǿô£
ҡͷûʲô
ֻû˵ˡ
̣ʱʵ۴磬Խ½˵λԶô˵棬ҲǿȥֻùԹԵذŽ
ͼ񲻶ȴθڣһ鶼
Ȼ׵Ļʵۻʺ󶼿ƺ벻ͻɡֻȫȥ
ҹЪʱ˴£ԡ
괺˶࣬ʵ۱ûȥԹӡѾףȻʣҲ׼Ŵ齡
Ҵͱ춼㹻˲ţҲܻһӺ硣
˯棬Ρ
˵ƣĺķءЩʹ֪ȵĻ½ƽȻִعű죬ȻûסССش˸硣
Ҵñǣ̲סḧȴʲôû˵
½ƽ㷵ز˯ʲôϳԵҲθ͵ܡ
Ʒʲôϵĸ첲£ЩO@һ½ƽоԼ죬ĸఴⲻʡ
ƣ˿úܽ½ƽӣǼһֱûҶԷɡ
½ƽֻԥƬ̣ȥظţͻأ
ʱǣ϶Ǹɻȥˡúô类ٺڼңҲץѱʾ⣡
ɷ˵磬˻㶣Ťͷֱ
ԺߵԽԶԽ塢Խ谵ϵĵһҡһΣյ·ľӰɭɭ
ߵò죬½ƽһĸûպ¡ȵͣʱ½ƽŷѾߵúƫˡ
ºܽһԺſڵĵƮҡһֶûд
Щ
ȻѻԼұԺ¥棿Ե競ûᣡ
ЩΪѣҪô
ǽıԺǿ϶첻ȥ
еʱ⳯￴һۣŵ½ƽæݴԡ
Ȼߡ
½ƽһᣬűӣء
½ƽ˺ܾãϴΡ
ԼȥݱԺʱţʣµĶˡ
˵׻ġֻҸ㣬ڳˡ
½ƽ£˯֪˯˹ȥ
Ͳǳĺ·ںڰй
Ӳůͣҹһ̲סɪô˫ţס½󣬴յؿˡ
ֻʱŻж·׽
ͲҶ¾°͵ͷ΢΢ĦϵζֻһΡ
½ƽһ˯ø
ɼ䣬оȺĻһգ
һ˲ˡ
ڴ£жͷҲûأ˯
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Ӽô߶˴Ц˵Ҫۿɻ飬Ϊݲؽˡ
մҴһƳװɭ䣬ɫǳʱٿ½ƽ̾խװ㽿Σһ˫Ӹ鶯
ѹӼǽˡ
زɵ˭˭ء
ʵۿǣ½ƽ֣ҲȤ㱻С׷µʱû
˶Ц̫ҲЦ˵ɺˣǰļֶۡԲ˵ȥǶҪˡ
ԵڶգǰҪһʵۺͶ˲ͷ
ʵòᣬǰ걻ұɱˣ˻þزˡϥֻӣһŮ̫еġ
Ͳ꾩ʱܳ裬ǴͷǸͻˣ˿˭ҡ
̨ǰȺ򣬲СǶȵҲ޷
ɾĻԽ¶Խŷɾǰˣмɧ
΢΢ס
Խ佫λתͷ˾ȨĹ֣Ҳûᡣ
ɧٶֻ࣬ǸĹ٣ְλҲߣʲô
ٽһֻ취ˡ
Խ֪ΣҲһԽ¹ش󣬽κһˣ죬ϸš
ǡ
ҩ̫ˣ˰ϢתԺ¾ī񡣡
īͳߵİϢ鼤
ЩһһմȴЩĲɡ
ǶԱ˵ıʮС
ȵ˻̽ʣɾ£
˵ʱԾش˻
ٿ̧ۣĿ䡣һʱƫˣ粻ְɡ
˸ȴú½ƽ棬ֻҧгݡ
צСҰè
һС粨󣬻ɢȥʣԭأƥһһͣβ໥˦䡣
ҵĹ
͵ݸȴû֣ܡ
½ƽ̴ٵЦһϷѩ
עıӰԸī񣺡ȥʣԽ˵ʲô



81
ɾǴȥˣŮǸиȥ
ŮںϯضݣЦ٣ʮ֡
Ůںӣ߽УۿҪȥˡ
һ¹ŮȻָŽＸŮȥ
ŮɪŲ˵
沨ԣһۿסǲˮȥ
Ƕ¹ŮЦһʹ˸ɫߵŮȥϳһơ
Ǿֲң̷ֻץסŭ¹Ůҽ㲻ˮ뺦𣿣
ﾪæӣ˵Ǻ㿴ˮǳ
һ˵ţŮע⣬͵ذ߾ﰴ
̷ۿ㱻ˮæȥȴŮס
ˣҽģ
ĵؽӣ
̷ʱסͷŭ
úЦǣǽ͸ҵģ
û˸ҿˡ
Ľϵ꾩Ůгưԣ˸ǡ
ŮҲ֨ΪϳŮͷ
ϳŮǱϣֻร
ʪ͸رһţȻŴ졣һ㶣ոתͷͱһëס
ޣʲô
ëڵϷŤﶨһȻһֻʰ쵵ɽëϻмѪ
һ뵽һֱģ޲õ³
ҵĶҰëûһ͸
ǱųˣŴ졣
ˣִǣĿһӣű߻ֻɫϸȮȥڵġ
֮ǰܲʶһ۾ϳˡ

һ뵽ԼӶҲ˲䰫һء
½ƽߵǰüûëǸ
ŮǳԳԵЦǺ˵˭
˵
¶ɽ½ƽֳëϣëƯļ㲹
ĳԹֿûӳһơ½ƽ𳤹һϣ۵ֱС
ŮǶɵˡ
ݺ꾩ôЩ꣬ûԹôĿ
Ĺ˵۸ˣһ۸Ͻæ
½ƽԭվ¶磬档
¶Ӧ䣬һŮʹ
²ҵˣйŮɵˣﶼһ
ԺǲѪģֻС˺ͷļ򵥴ֱĸ̣
ԶԶ࣬һȺСУŵöԷʧɫ
Ȼľò˵ܽ
ҳ˸мس꾩ͷˣŮǶٱ۸ȻϳŮôңٰۣ¹
ǰ򣬾Ȼûһȥš
ӱһ亹ʶԼʧԣæͷ
˺ܾãֱ亹乣˵Ȼҽˣ꾩ȴû㲻عأͻ꾩ȥ
ӺȻڵز˵
˺ܾãŷ²յ
ȥɡ
Ϣش򿪣ī֪ʱ⣬Цеص롣
Ƚ뿪ˡ
þһȵⶼˣ˶ˣ
īһ֣Щ˾ˣһ㣬ǷҪ׷
ó׷صšأ
ī˵ȥ˸ڳ£˼û˵᷿˯ˡ
ʱѾˣСܲ¶Ұ⡣
ʣɾҪǻȥô
ü
񡰰һСˡ
֮ǰĸϳ͵Ϊȫһ·
ҲãܺùȫĵʲôʱǸͷ
ɫãͱ˳
Ǽ縺ȫ̤
Ȼû£ͱ˻ȥ
Ҫǡ
ĸļ٣˼ˣ˵ҲЧˣȴȫ˻
һҪ
꾩˼꣬Ĵ٣ΪŮɫȤ
û뵽ú˵ʵ۴ͻ飬ȢԽŮڸУ˿
꾩ڴޣĳӲĽҲģ޲Ϊݣһӡ
̷ﱧ˽ĸ첲˵ġ
½ƽЦЦҲ˵ġǿˣο໥Ϊѡ
һ
½ƽˡ
ͲϲҲ꾩̻̲յĿ֮һ۸ϳŮ۸
û˵ĳ谮Ϊ
ʵ۽ԣϳ嶼ʹá̷Ҹ£δ̫ˡ
̷ﺬҡͷˣ꾩裬ʵǹȥˡôˣͷһͷҲһȥԼı·
½ƽĬ
̷ＱʵŮӣûзģֻı֮ˡȾǡ
½ƽҡͷôңŮӣΪס꾩ôڡҲˣʲô취
ʾԶһӡ
Ҫа뿪ı£ˡ
̷˵ʵδԣһᣬֻҪæ
½ƽһ
Էôڴʧǣˡ
Ǹɶõĺûᡣ
½ƽƬ̣ѩȥţת̷˵
̷һֱӡ̷Լ
ôоб뷨ڽߣô



82
ϳŮȫȫβػŮȻû꺮ůû۸ǡ
ͷ㣬ҲˮǴߡ˭֪ϳŮûеۡ
½ƽ¼ԡãȻĲɣȻ鷢զ಻ѡ
Ȼԭϲģѹֿˡ
ʱ쵽ˣ½ƽߣͺʱˡ
һͷǣ
½ƽ뵽ɱͷǣʱ
Ǻǹȥˡ
жʮֻСɽƵġֻֻ߰ɽ𶼱ӣмֻɪɪСá
˱˱ˡ
ʼСУ±˿ˣµģѽžۣ
װ½ƽǣܲӣӹеҩƿɡ
ĨһѲڵĺеСıֱŵģҺڣ
īں첻Ц
½ƽ˰ۣС䣬̲ס߶䣺Ǹͽಫȥˣô˵
Сϻ糤ĿӣƤġҲܹˣ϶Żȥ
üˣ˻
½ƽҩ˿ϣŴ졣
ֹ֪۾ͺá
ڳµƫƧ᷿½ƽģз˸
˸ΪΡ
ٰ޵֣ÿ򿪷ţһȺ竹ǰʹ밲
Źȥ𽨰Ľ𴲣Ŀǻ֣̿飬޳ֻ
ЦеŽ˼ңոչţһӵĽӣĿ㵨
½ƽˣ৵Ųֱ
ǸΣôһͱجˣ
Ϊʲôε
ãӻڣûϡ
һҹ˯ᱳʹ½ƽȻ׷ֻزȥǣֻڳµ᷿ҹ
⳿΢½ƽһʶ˾Ȼһ˯
ݺʰˣĲ
Цǽҷˡο
½ƽɫĬȻˡ
͸ԶȥЦݽˡ
ȫˣ
īʵʵǰصµĻ˺ܶ࡭
̷ηֵ·ӣļƻ½ƽʵһȻܸȤ
īܾᡣ
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һˣԺ󻹹ˣ
;ȥķֱ˿ڻۣаӿ
Ҹˡ
һ·̾ϢܿɢڷС
˰Ƿ׷Я
һʱʹ˳ɶѵ˷ͷ
½ƽ˼ηؽЩƵģ
ͷǽģѵǽ˽ŵģ⻰û½ƽҧһҰƵضȥôĸܴ̣
ʵüȥ鿴ˡ
Լɻеĸޣ˴ùͷ
ʱĿࡣ
ȷϹˣôᣡ
ͷһ֧Ρ޼䡣
ü䣺ÿô
½ƽﾧȴ÷Ƶ⡣
ʲôÿ·ûֻЦЦԸ񣬡Щ͵Сⷿ
ǣŮǿ۲ѣʵҲЦŶԽ˵Ůһ㣬޴ûɶŮá
ԽЦԽǡ
صˮѾˡ½ƽѾϰעӣոսˮоʣϳŮ˵ʲô
º֪Īǵ¶Ϊǣ
˵
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ۺ¡
Ϊ
½ƽվ¶Ҫ£ȴ߽ӣǶȥ
˱ţԸһû˵飿
½ƽĸ˵
һ£һ£
ˣû˵
ʵˣȻѡ
Ͷ̴ٵЦһв֪ŭʹȴºͣԸˡ
***
ֻһ죬漸춼ϳŮ˵
ʺ˵£ȥ˻
ҪлңЩ֦ɢҶʺһۣԴ꾩Ӿͺ壬ӣ㻹ָһӣ˺ӣλòȡ
½ƽûע䣬꾩󣿡
ʺˣ㾹֪
û˵
ʺ£ɫӡ
ǲ˼ڡĸʲôݣҲֻ֪ǱϵġСĸĸûˣշתҵ꾩ס
½ƽһ㶣Ҳʲô
˵ԻĪģ
¿ü۾ϳһʼల£Ӱˡƣù´ԽĺãӾסˣҲ
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ʺͷ˵ͳӺӲЩơǱսʱĸ˳ӡ
½ƽصػӣҹҩò¡
ͳĬһ󣬡Ǿˡ㣬ûʲô˵ģ
½ƽƲߡ
ĬȻѣխͦΣҪȥһˡõˣЪ¡
½ƽһû뵽ȴĻͻȻʹթҪȥģ
ޥԺＦɹ
½ƽ֤ٷʹϥǣŲȥСá
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½誵ͷۼŻظ
½ƽȻ֧û˵½֪һǳŽȥġ
˶ǽŻ
ҹôֱû˲롣
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½֮ǰ˵С˼ʱ˸Ѫͷ
ﲻὨͲˣôῴҲϲ˰
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½ƽͨ˵ѣϸѸǱУܿ쵽ϴνѵĺߡ
ϴʵú̷һС·Щ˻͵͵·Է㱻ˣֻҪôùͲ¡
½ƽʱ̷ѵˡ
̷ԭֻһ·û뵽½ƽһҧҪһߡʵ޷ֻôӦˡ
ʱ̷Ȼһ
Ϊ½ƽֻһ˵û뵽ˣʱ㷣ðɣ̫ˡ
Ȼ½ƽһģ㵱Ҫߣ
̷ͷڴ˱衭
½ƽۣв
ϳμ棬ˡ̷߿඼ʵģ
һȦû̷Ӱأ
ϴ۸ǣ½ƽѽú̷Ҫߣܲá
̷ʱ״Σʱߣߡ
½ƽȥ߲ߣ
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δƽ½ƽͷһŤͷͿִؿ
½ƽһ
֪ˡ
ҹԵ



83
һʱ˭û
ɫ䡣Ȼܾû½ƽ⸱ˡ
ԽºֻҼ֣ʱ򶼺˳Ӳ¶ǡ
ΪצѾĥˣû뵽ࡣ
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ϸԽתɫ֡
̫ˡ
в˸ǲԸȻԸ⡣
ͷ³֡
ҾƾǲӣҲФŮ
ڿ½褲翴͸Ǹ
̾ô죿
֪ŮĿ˽ǵͽ֡
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ٺͱĳҸ̽ڷ磬֪Ӻ
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ǰҲǸС竣Ӳҹޣڸĸǰš
ʤϢ˰
½ɱһȥСãţˡ
Ӵ￴½ƽԴ棬ǰۻķλԵС޹
½ɿۣŽȥǰ˻Σ㲻ͶˣƢɣⶼҪˣ

ոչȥ½ƽϾϸ룬ֻǸӻŲ·ǰš
ʼӹ֦ͷ춯ȴһֱûƽǰƶĿڴʱܽס
һɾ޴ľͷȻһ񣬾ȵһʯͷǰ˵
ܵӰһͣ½ƽ·˲һܡ
ȻһˤѾٶȻ˺ܶࡣܵӰǷŻŲˣ
нǰһ˲һ֧˺һֻ䡣
ع½ƽǿȴȽŷڵء
ӰӴɻ䣬ûü½ƽȻĶ̵õͻ°ͣΣ¶ȱڷӶȥ
׷
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ܵӰӶվסˣǰããڰУ½ƽֻܸоһĨĬĺӰվǰ
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Ǻޱ飬ʲôƽУܴķ͸е¡
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86
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ѩһ
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ˡ
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88
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ڴһҹۣʹ
ƿۣǰĲʲôСٿغˡ
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á˵
ӿ˯ȴٿҧסĶ䡣
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ź챦ʯ½ƽ۾ֱˣˣ
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˼ص˵ͷ
ⲻ½ƽͼ˹ϵãΪǮΪǺ;ģ֪ɻûоԸ
һ뵽½ƽ죬ϸһ˿ʡ
ʮû޵ˡ
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ʱһ֮ôôҪĥʹĲɣ
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89
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ɨ۱Ƴˣ½ƽǴԺӲóɹɽԺǧ
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ĻϲӿȪһţЬģС
ק½ͷڽţôҵȺþˣ

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ֻļĻһϸϸİףݣī촽޵ҡ
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Ϊ飬ۼΪʵЦЦǲţͽۿˡ



90
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91
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ʺԸ˾ԣȥϢһӡȥ̼Ҫ뿪ɣ



94
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ȥɢɢİɡתˣȥ



95
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ȥ½·ˮ·ַӡϾߵ½·˿̾ԭ·ء½ƽЩľɫмֹطĸо
½ƽͨŮϾǴұצӹģóȻЩҲûޡ
ֻһˡ

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˲ϿʣæߡֻˮڣϢﻹ½ƽӰӣһһȮˮ̵Ӱ١



96
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97

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ЩŪ꾩Ƿ
ʹ׿ǿ͸񣬵Цһҷˡ
䣬;ٽʹ̣һĸ첲ֱ۶ڵϣһŽ°߻λ
жԼ°ͣʱҽУ޲ͣձϹһĻҲż
ɱ
ͷۻһ䣬ʱ亹ˡ
ȻΪ½ƽ
½ƽЦЦĸôõ֣ôҴк
лεЦû˵лϣĿж
½ƽˣѽԭί¸˾ŲʮЦֹ
˵ôҧţԭָʹ
½ƽӣϲʶ
˳ʱһ㶣ɺܿ췴Ӧһָлϣⶾ⣡
л϶ʱסӵļûУҲʶǣ
˵ûУŭǵطŮ˲ͷ⣬浱˶
йᣬŴɱԽ͵֡ˣ˺һӡֽȻǲͣתŭΪϲ
ֵܵԼܲˣ
ȻΪ˸Ůӷòó
ȴЦЦȥ⡣
Ŀࡣ
ѵˣ
Ƿˣ
ⲽ֪;Ǹ֣æĵⲻҵ⣡ֻǸǡ
ûü˵˭ֱʣ֮һжˡ
ʹѪУܿ޺ۼ
;ؿ
ûˣҪҩʲôȥô
˭ʹ֪ˡ
£Ҫˡ
ףһŲȹָ֮ȽŰѽݸī
ĪʧķˣȻֵ֣ܶ
վͥУɫ䵭ֻһžӣ˶ˡ
ͳǰʵ£ǡ
ûʲôֻһ°ˡЦһڽ⿪ѣ̻¶īù˾빬



98
ڣʮ²ͣ
ʵ˺òˡʺ׼ᣬæǰס֣±ˣӡֶԲʹɫ㸸ϴ
ͷڻʵ۸ǰѪ죬ʱ̧ͷ΢΢һЦҺδ֮С
ʵЩһιȥ
ΡΡָŲͣҪޣֵܣ㾹£ʲô޿ʦˣ
һԳӵĿʱҶȥˣô찡
촽΢ƺ˶ǰ£ȴû˵
л
½ŭһлһ飬Ȼ¿ߣǺҧҼҴݰż꣬ʶϪˣ֪и͵ߵģͷϣ
ȷʵǸɵ㡣
ƴź룬ֻǿǵɱ˵֤˼ȥϪ塢ʻͰ񷻲ʵ
ٴνˣ½ƽȴܷɣлüĸڿ
л촽һ£һ˿εЦݣ޸ɡ
½ƽ°ֿͣ
ոôһ֣˶עлϣûէȥԽƽ͡
ʮǰҴҰݱĸǧ꾩ָðݱףԸ念̩롣ˡܾТˡ
˵ߣɡ
ʵŭȵްѻ˵㻹ԹûĸӶ꾩ǨŭɣҪɱҵģ
ͳĬѵ⣬˵ĸȥ֮ǰҲô˵ġ
ʵɫһͣͼ̧ͷ龹Щ
ûϿֱ顣
Ӳ͵꾩ĵһ;ȣһΪ
ĸϸȡãʵ۾ֲʺĽͣһƬġ
ʹδʵ۵ʵչֳ˵ı츳
ʮ꿪ʼ꽫ǡƽϳպ׹
һҹ֮佫׼ֵܣ¶ı飿
ֱ˼
ʵʧˣͱ˵ĸңϣЩȥֻҪˣЩ˸ס
ʵ۱ŭ˵һ뵽£˵
꾩󣬸״ãұΪĸֻһʱ࣬ϻ˹ңҲһǴ
ҵЦЦ
վ顣ڸҲǸп޵ˡֻиõʱҡ
ʲôҪҲδںҡԽ꣬״δţֻ£ӲǷƽ
ʵüˣ㶼˵ЩʲôϽȥ
˾ʲô
½½һֱغһԣĿӣ½褱ȥˡ
ƴԼ½˵»²ʵ֪Ҫã뿤ȽȥЪţ
½üͷһòỹ󣿡
ƴһЦ
Ӻ֦ڣղһܽ᰸ԽȥԽÿѾǰֱ½ҵðʧٶˡ
Ҳȫ˭ÿ̫رˡҪǻСӣһΪݡ
½ɽ½ձϣƴΪأ
ֻϵ죬˭֪ᴫʲô߰ǿıŮ
ſںȻɧһǰϪȥһһͯȥĸ
С˳ʱ½ƽע⵽ɫˡ
ʵֺҶкθϵҶ޹
޹ЦǲˣҲһݡȷɱֻ°ظУݺĥ
ˡ㿴ʵۡ
ȥڽ֪꣬ҵˣҪ뷽跨ϷˣҲš
ҵޣҵˣ
ʵžʾ죬Ϊ޲ʲôԳ㾹ȻҪΪ˵
ŮܾԲҲŷҩĻӾȻ
֪ЩϢŭ
ҵϺݺһơǿڻķϣ϶Ҫѻл꾩ѵһ
ԵȷǸ׵ˡ
սӵīϢʱǻʵ۵ֱʡ
һ˿ڴڱʵˡ
Σʵ㲻ǰװ顣ڿˣˣֽԽȡģ֪ϲȨƣŪĻڣ޷Թûߵλðˣ
ʵۿúһ꾩ôġȻŮ鳤ʵ۾úܿЦͰһ󣬻ʵ۷֡
ʺıҪȰ䣬ֹסˡ
ʺȴס˻ʵۣȰǴ¡
ʵ۳ˡ
Խթɣ֣ѶԸϤϣϤĽ̵ˮʵѡ
ȥٰĹѾΣԽһӾҪˡ󻻽ʿ
Ӷʱ
֪ʵۿƶ飬ʵ顣ʺһ˻ʵ۵šҲ˵˭ҪĺͼҵȻҪݺʰ
ҪǻʵûģòʹĶӲǰô
ڻʵۿǰ͵˹ȥסʵ۵ȿ޵£ҶúòҰǱֵɱ˰£
ʵҡڲָŲͣȴ˵Ļ
Ǿػ
֪Ī֪Īӡ
ʵЦһҲ̾Ϣ
Сӵ
ֻϧʱλ
ཀྵ£ǲȿ˿ڣ׸ҸĻᣬҴȥɡ
߾ļҡ꾩Ҳ¡
ʵŭ⣺ƣҪأǻӣ꾩㻹ȥģ
ʿر˵ˮʧ٣ذѰʮûټ㸹ˡ
ѵҪغӿ򣬰ŹǴ꾩
ֱƣ
ЦЦ
ˣҾȥˡܾТ
һڻʵ𾪵ĿУתͷ߳˳
***
ĵ£½ƽŶңֵһ㣬Ž
ѩΧӵתͷܣʱ
ûʲô
ʱ¾
ʱʹܶΣ֧֧ᡣÿ㣬ԣӰ룬ﻹΪķˣСŮҲǰŴש߽
ܼɫ棬֪ˣֻʵӳˡ
С˳ʱ½ƽע⵽ɫˡ
ƴ˾֣ǲǸճȥػˣ
ֵСʿ˰ĸӽСǣ˵ļҡ
ʮģ뻨뷢վһΪ졣
˱ͯɪԣƴֻգŵȫ˵ˡ
ԭ⸾ڴĹѸʱڴ壬һȥˡʮʱЪҡ
ƴ¶ݣɣǰԼûˣǴģ
˵ﻹҽƱ磬ָл˵ⶾҧ
½ָл˵
ǰлϣΪлֵֻģû뵽ҧﻹ벻ףʱɫࡣ
л϶ɸɫѸ˥ȥ
½ƽüŹ֣ĸָֿʬף׶ӣȻҧң㵽ûģ
˫ȲͨˣصСͲ
ˣйҲ˵Ȼ˸СӣϲԽ
Ҫ˼ͲٰСˡ
½ƽѵؿڣѾˡ
СصǣҲ˵˲Ҫ
½ƽסˡ
ǰ£Ȼ̽ڷ磿
Сӣţͷ˲١
½ƽĵ㣬ߡܽ󣬡Ҹòã
У
һá
ˡ
ִԶ½ƽոմԱ󣬺ȻðͯԴ
˵ˣôСӣ϶ϲ
㲻ﲻϲ϶Ǹɡ
СŮգۣķ𣿡
к֣صͷҵڵʱôġ



99
իﴫ˺ѷεĿŹ̵ҩݣְѺʪĽȥϴɾ
īҩʱֶڶ֣̫ҽιȲͺò׺ˣīպҩ࣬ͿĨ˿ڸ
亹乵ͷץôظ֨죬ȴһʹ߶ûС۵ޣ̵תͷȥ
֣ѵ´
˲ǰ̵Ѫģ֣̫ҽҩķһڽʱֻʣʹĴϢ
īĨĨ۽ǣ£۾ͱˡ
ҡͷţֻʣЩ΢ĺ·ʱȥ
֣̫ҽⶣտīŸȴҴææ߽
£ϳǱѾˡ
ʵҪȻȨͱͻͷһ¾Χϳ壬ıϳʾڣ˾Ľ䡣
ɱܺ߳ʹΪ֮𶯣â
÷ۣȥʱϻ
ҶﲻˣֺȻʹƣ
½ƽʹɫÿˣ첲òײźƽ
˦Ÿ첲ţ½褵Ժôû׷ô
½Ҳڣ½ҡͷ֪Ǻηˣôæһͷ
һʼǴʦ֣֤һһͣ½ƽٳٶ۶òԾ
˭ڰ
°ͣкȻһ֣ʱԼ뷨һ
ô뵽Ǹӣ
ֹôô
½ü˵ʲô
½ƽͣ˵ˡ
һû˵֪ǰο˭ﻹңİҶ¡
ֻһ֮󣬾Ҳûˡīһսսؿ΢ϢŷģŽȥ
ľˣҹǷ˸ȡ
īæңľսȴ˸쳣Ρ
û꾩ǷһУԽ
һаǵŮģ罺ᣬ쳣ɻԺкܿ˶ȴѣҪ⣬ҪϹϣֵͷ۲ѣȴֹסۡ
˻źȡѡʲôԺӣʲôѡ½ƽŸЦҲЦ뱧סȴ˸ա
ʲôûˡƮ޾ĺڰУһλӰת۳ɿա
ҡ
īŸʲôչȥһŷ½ƽ֡
շֲͷȣͰ֣̫ҽ˹ҹģ֣̫ҽһϹͷˣҲһû˯
üͷ㷨ӣȥУ
л϶̴ٵЦһ
£ͷβԼ⡣
һ̫ߣķſɼһߡͨŮɢһЩ޹ʹҥԣں
ֻÿϧ
Ϊ˴£ױͳˣȴûܳɡ
ζ벻Ǵʦ֤Ҳ벻СȻ˳û뵽Ǽ˻ᱻץס
ˮҪˣȴˡ
Ϻɱ˳쾭塣ȥˣԺĸĸԴ
û뵽л͵̧ͷ˵űߡ½ۼֿ죬ϡ
ޥ˰ɣҸĸȥ磬иңȴ䵽㾳أ˭Ҹĸ
ߵѣʱޣˡ
ˣóõûѵʱѣڿô졭
īＱתҪϴȴὫ£뻳У·Դ亱е䱦
īʱˡ
***
½ƽǰŸ뿪꾩ĻžյϢ
ͻһʼ²͸ʺ˼㷣ǵ֪½ƽʱ˸߲ҡ
ȷˣȴǴ󲡣岻áܽ½ƽ뿪ͣǸ˶Ĺ˵ϲģԺӣʼĥŸѡ·
ο޻ٰǮȥ˱ߣӶ꾩ߵҲæһӶûУ½ƽܻ֪жˡ½ſ½ƽױţӵ
Ȼҵȣȴûȵˣȵ˽ʹ
ʹЦص·ϵճǣͱ½лȥˣڸӲܺ͵һͬ
°ѻˡ
ʹһߣͷŭٲԸ⣬ҲðŮúõͻʲô·ϵҿǲ֣
ЦЦ˺ˣܻͲˡ
ǿϢŭų򵥵Ļ̾˿Ҿί
ʵƶѻãûµס½Ҳ˻صȴŲͺ½ƽ
½ʵվסĴյǰҪǹòãҿɲ
½ޱ顣
½ֻڨڨһߣֹŸոѧĴ˶ʮ˷
½課ǿⲻֻЩ
Ͳǵһ꣬˵פڳ⣬˵ôá
Īǳʲôˣ
½誴ۣѹͷ
˴󿪸ţǰšȻɫѿؽڻ˵˼䡣
ʵڵȲס½һߣǡͥײ˲͡
һֻͽû½ƽӰӣɫڵòٺˡ
Ȼ˼ӵݣֻðƢ£ѵ·ϣ
ȴע⵽֮࣬ǰ˳ᢣʱһֲԤС
˵ҪдУӦòŶԡ
촽⶯ʱȻһ˲
òԾǰһ£أ
տڣ㿩³˵½ƽˮʧ٣۾һգʱ˹ȥ
ȵȻæסһģ½סˡ
ɫɷףŵؿŲͣ˵Ūˣǲˣǣ
ĬȻͷ
ϵݶȻҰһ˲ϳǷŻųصĲȥ
˵ʲôȴ߰ɣ߰ɣҲ㡭
ǡڴʱ߹ף֮ܿơ
վŲǵؽһɡȴִŵؿķȥ

ϵŭ洫лĿٸǵ棬Ÿˡ
վĻУôȰʼղŲŲ
㿴ӿҵʺд֣ʶղס
ֿ½ƽ
Ҫˣ𣿡
лֺ޺޵ض½ϡ
Ȼݣǰƽ£ˣӵķʲôӣɡ
ƫҪ£ҪĻ²ߣ֪֪ɳԺҹʲôӣ
û̺ĸ㲻̣Ǿ̣
½ƽڼĸ˵£̲סҪ
û뵽վǰ
˶סˡ
ɵĴθɣŷ粻Ҳ˼˵ʲôָ
˵ףҺﶼȰ㣬ֻ̽ڷ磬û͵档ԽȰԽں㣬ԽҪޣĵûǵˣ
½ɫȻϷ½ҳӣ֡ʲô˵ĳҲСڵģϲ
ʵ½Һͻһͬ뾩Ȼˣɻǲⵣ½ƽ֪һֱļ٣ȴ޲ߡ
һ뵽Цģ½誱оۡ
ҡҡͷҵĴҸҲ
ôǴŴһֱҲټ
½ɫһԲվĻС



100
³չңʣ
Ȼաܴƴ裬һɱ
Ͳ԰ɫԼǰĽǣλƣ
һҪȴ½ҹζࡣ˵ˣ
ǰʱѾԹ̣ι˽ö࣬Ҫȴ̽һͼ¡ȻɭϣͨпɽҪ˽ȥֱ̽졣ǲȥ̽޷֪ҪӦԡ
ͷҪ˵͸ͻͰѽƽˣܡ
졣
ûкüƣͱԼķӣ򵥰֣ˡ
ٳȥʱƺлҪ˵
£һֳŶͷĿ
СǲҪϢһͷεģ̫ˡ
Ͱһߣصϰˣ
˵קȥˡ
;ؿǰֵͷһֽ
䡿
ؿʹǿס𣬰ֽڻȼˡ
īϢʱɫãȻҰŲͷŵøᡣ
̫Ѩˣʲôͣ
½ƽ͵͵ƿӣо½ıӰߴʵ
֣겻ѣݴʷ飬ﶼҶԴʱãֻ̹ź˰Щˣ˭Ҫ֣
̾˿
Ҫ֪㡣㰢佫ȴˡ֮ʱ۵ȥ⼱ֱޡ
½ƽ˴һۣ½ں½˵оĿ⣬ͷü
Ȱ檣ûǱ˸ƶʵ
һۡ½ϺСǵ⡣
½ƽͷҸĵķ治ס
ǵȻˡ¡
ʮַ
ӣȥ˭Ҷίôأ
ˣҲ̫ãûʲôʳǰٶô˵ó
һ򵥵ĲֻаƴСһһƬĲϡ
Щ죬벻ļһԵĲˣʱеϣѣ
پ˼飺˻棿
ͷƬӣǰָѣϲģϣ
ֱˣץֲţϲ
ΪⱲӶŮˣû뵽ȻϢ
̾˿뵽½ƽð˽
ûãһõӰЯ澿롣
ʱȣ̩˺ܶ࣬ҲøûŮ棬һ˫ӸǺԹΪˡ
һ֪˿ͷ̩˫Ŀᣬӯӯݵȥ
ܻ̾ͺá
׷̩䵽ߣֻҪû£ʲôǿ
ؾۣȻֵף˵£Ҳǿӳһ档
̩ص񣺡ǰǶ£ĸ׵ˡ
ҡҡͷƽͺá
̩Цŵͷƣʵôڣһ˷ֽ
ɫһףҡҡͷ˵ˣŰɡ
ո£˭֪̩ȻЦһҧ²ţĸʲôҺò׹һˣһ棬Ҳô
ɫֱ³ֱɽ׸ıƣһԣԲ˵ȥ£ɺͳ
̩һ㶣Цˣããۣ
ŭȣ죡Լ˵ʲô
Ȼ̩ЦôֹסȻЦѻȸǶؿ״
̩ô£
Цû̩ȻͣסЦɨһȦǧΣڵĻңûˣ
Ŀڣָ˵ʰ˲ȡ
ټǳԲȥˡ
½ƽĸ첲Ҹʲôģ
ʧЦĲ˵Ҫܿϡ
ȴû˵
ǿϵģϺﲻһͬ⡣
Щͷۡ
½ƽȴͻȻһˡ

ҡҡͷõ˦ԺСֹһӣҾͲ½
ǰԣȴӲƵĶײĸ
æǣ̩Ҫߣ̩ȴȻƿ֣
䣬˵˻ͻ
***
⼸꣬պò׷硣½ƽ̷һɹѣʱɽԡ
ѩû⣬ؽСһ½ƽ𹭼˦β͸ȥ
һһߵ·ײܴûü㣬ֻͣסˡ
ܸܿˣ㿴ֻҰ
½ƽװɵǼ˿϶ˡҪƹɽȥ
Ҳװɵ󣺡ġҿͰˣ֪ûգ͸͹
ԱߺٺٵЦ½ƽĸΣܣѾ˵Ҫˡ
ܱ㲻ˣԾɸ½ƽ䣬ǿ󼸸üŪ۵꣬ӣֻͷǰߡ
ԽԽ죬ʼһľ롣ߵڣΧûˣ˵˲ң
Цŵͷţ
½ƽĸһ·ũ¶Ƶ΢ЦǰٿĪ硣
һȥֺţЩҲЩ˲١ԭȱһü˹ʣˮ߸ոճѿɢ곯
ڴסһʱգ˶˵ʮֵǶԣѾСޡСŮҲ˵Ҵվͺöˣֻûȫ˲ҪȻͽ
˵
ϺЦǣ˵лϵ
Ѿ˵ˣɫ䵭Լħˣȥ졣û¾ͺá
Ͳ£лûɫ
½ƽ䣬ϵĽҪúôţײȡ¡
ܳ½ƽݼˡ
½ƽһ򵥵ͷΣСռôõĶԼòϣ
ĴʲôﲻģϹ˵ýȵȡ˸Щ㶼ȥŮõʱ򣬿ɱ˴硣
½ƽЦУﲻƤˣ
ע½ƽЩ㯣ƤƤģתۼ䣬ˡ
½ƽ׾һ飬Ҳס
һۣϹ˵ʲôв׵ģ
½ƽͷβҪߣͼԶһŻŵر
üǲţôôɣ
ﵽ꣬˵Ҫʮ죬˼죬ĪǷɻģ
½ƽֹ˺ܾãܵɫء
ֱ߻½ƽüʲôˣ
˴ɱͻ˵ڵϦ
½ƽһĹžء



101
߳ʱǡյɫȴû˼࿴һۡ
ȶǿѲأī񣺡ˣ
ȷ̩һ־ˡ
üɵͣ½Ų
̩ô˻һʹߵͷ֪֪꣬
ҪǰץȻһӻҪץѡ
½ǡóˣסһ񣺡л¡
ҿڻ֣ﶯʱŽȥ˻ͻԻˣҪԸ澣ʵҪһ
͵˵ĸĸȻҲҵġûҵðտ
½誵ͷʵ»Ѱ䣿Ϣˣ
ȴûлش𣬾ֱ߿ˡ
ץ̿͵˴£֪ץûץ֮ǳȥ̲Ҳ˺ܶࡣ
ˣ˵Ҫ룬鲻ãɣ
Ҫиһ
ɱ⻰ҪȻһ㣡
ɣһű߻ҵĹ̸Щһüͷ˶
Ƿ糾͸½ƽܡ
½ƽϢ̻ʰҪ˼ܾãջͬˡ
ڳţķٽ˸Ŵȵҹɫ٣ȥ
ٳǰ̫ܲģ᲻ڻҪǱ׽סô죿ҪȥɡܹǱţż档
½ƽȥˡ
ھдֽ٣ʱǱ˻Ȼոյǽ£ͷѡ
½Ҿڸڣ½ҹϵôãҪҪȥ½ұţ
ʮŮ޷ƣӨ͸ź鶯죬Ƶ۾ȣһֻش续⡣
ⲻ֪Լȴ/ɫ
֪뵽ʲôЦúꡣ
½ƽΪڳӵ£뾡취ġ
ţԽˡ
Խȥ鲻½յһϲĻͼ͵ȥ
½ƽϲл˶
󿴵ԽȴûôϲȣȥҼǵѴʳ䵶ͷǶ
Ŀ½ƽԶԽ˵£ˣ
ϺЦսΪģ֪Ϻкʵѡֻǡ
˸O@һܱҪˡ½誽ס½һһЩӡ
Ӧȴ㣬ڽ꾩֮ǰԽԶԽá
ܵͷתߣɡ
½褴°ֹôоСӱ֮ǰ׶ˣϧ
Ҫ֮ǰ¸һЩв͵ķݡ
½誵ͷȻʲôһ⣬æ˳ȥ
ϣѾ֣½誸ոոϵһȦӰѾΧס
ס֣
½һ֣ԷͣҲûᣬŶԷɵ˲תȴӰֱǽϣ졣
ֳôĶȻ˲ˡ½ȸϵܣһ
ϾȣֶɣʱģֿͣǺ⣿
ʹŵͼͿܵĲӣǽϡ
˭ᣬֻĵؿܣģ
ܹŲӲǵͨ죬һֶ˵
ɫ࣬½߬ס󣬡𣿣
ȻԸɺܴһ
½誹Ȼŭɶʱ½ôǲ֡
ƺܲסˣ촽΢ոɿһ㣬˻ҲΪġȿȡ
ЦƲԳԷơ˵ʵʶξֶΣ
ܼѵؿڣڡ
䣬͵ս֣Ĳ˦ȥ
ߣ
˵½ƽǺԣʺ϶ףȽϺá
ԽҪ£ûʸ
ӣֻϣԽһźס
ΣģϿ˭
Խһ󣬡¾ýͺܲΪ˳ȣ˵֧ϲιȥ
뵽õ壬ɫˡ
Խȴûעɫһ
ϴ½˵£ע⵽ⷽ档
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ûбѡȿˡ磬¶¡
üͷһӦˡ
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½課˴ǵѪ΢ɼص˵ͷ
ЦֲЦ˲۽ǣǾͺá
***
ƽЪʮĽƽ
ҹͻȻ˳ţ¸ڣϸ̲ˡҲ˸ڣʱʱѰ
۷׷ף½ץϸҲв»½æץ
նųŵһīϢǵʲٰͣȥ˰ɣ
أݣɤҲˣٰױ֣ȥˡ
īզ࣬뵽½ƽΪˣ־úŷ
½ƽֻҪܸ̿˭һŹԷ
Ҫˣ½ƽȥǺΣһݣʣ¸ô죿
ڽ긽ʮգǲġ쵽յʱˣ˲ȥţԴ˱ضʹ޲ѡҪ½ƽ䵽У϶Դ
ī²˳٣׷ȥСȴ׷ȥ
Ȼ˽֪꣬ڴˣΪβң
Ȼô



102
̩һ·ӣصؽ˷ų̣Ƶػ˽
ǲرسţǵ˲̲࣬ǳϸ񡣲йƣһ۱㹧ؽ˽ȥ
Ҳǽ򣬵̷ȻܼϢ฻ʲô˲ϣϼҴȥвٰҲߣǰĽ޷뿪üģԵЩ
ͣǰ澷˳Ͻȥ޹
ӥĿ壬ΪͨˣҳһЦ˴䡣
ʮ꣬׿ڴӦҪ꣬ŹҪָһ¡
ȵȴмɣѴʳ䵶Ʒͷ㡣
½ƽϤˣӣ
ԽǮһ£ʱģ
½ƽߴԲۣһѱС竴硣ȹʱλˣһʱûӦ
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һǮӣ˭Сӣ
㲻ʶô
һ㶣ɢ
Ǯͷԣôˣ
½ƽ䴽һЦҴ
ǮֻЦ֪ʲô¡
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ˮˮбĿ񣬳һ
֪·ʣƫƫȻģȴǰͷСֺ
ԡ֮󣬹ŮڰȻʵ˵˵ˣ᲻ٻ
ù죬һС˵ӶˣܸأҪүûۣ
ףָŶͷ⻰
Ϊʲôôء
ӴѣڴߣͥԺеľɫ
ûϵ˻ˣ⹬˭˲½ƽҪǸ͸½ƽ֮أ
***
Դӵ֪̩˸ĸ½ƽͣظڲ͵£˶Ĭûᡣ
½ƽŷѩ̫ۣܾȻѰŴڳţ˳ѩİһ
˼ɣһȾɫһɣأѩסˣһҪһַָʵɣҪԸʹ죡
ôɣȾɫˣ
ѩԼϺڻëίһ
һʱ󣬻õСɾʹһֻСҡڽ˳ǡ
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ܺദôãĿζһ½ƽϲ㣬ѩӳԽȥ
극ҹ̸½ƽ̸ոϢ⹬ȱˣȥ
ҡͷ̫ΣˡȲ˵Ӳбѹ˵˿Ļȥˣʶ㣬ʶҪǱˣôӳ
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ǳӣҪôܽأ
ǱģġҪиһǱҪôҲͬ⡣
½ƽʱ˳
ڳиɵ˼գʼҲķӣϢ˺ܶࡣ
˵פڽٳδҪ򽭶аҲ˲١ٰǶŽǱŰ֮ͽ
½ƽӲ٣Ծÿͷβתơ
սкӹߵɫ㣬ͩʧ˴ȵ״
ڳ¹ۣ½ƽҴҽǾϲƹҪˣ
Ų˵ͣһ£ժһƬķҶҪȥ
½ƽᶨصͷ
ƹһɽݶΪΪأڸﻨƵأ¡
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ҴˣӺй죬鷳ҾÿԽݽӽ
ֲܲͬ³Ժһܸɾӣ
֪Уûֻίѣյź˵ģȥӦô
½ƽ̬ȼᶨİɣһУ
иеĴ棬֪ôӦҲʮָմˮĽӡ澣϶û⡣ʵڻ첻ȥҲɵűʰ
ĿǰΪֹõĻˣҪǴˣ治֪ôӽӡ
˵ˣطؿŰϵ㣬ȻѷҶתͷ׷˳ȥ
Ҹһȥ
***
ƹÿڽ˽֪ˡ
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ݽ棬컧ǰˣֻȥ
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ûķѩβͣסˣ鲻ԸŤͷȥѰ
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ǻƴ˾ÿǷ½ңɷǰʾá
½ƽ۹۱ǱǹģԹԸϣ໥ס
Ʒ˿Ҫ׽ȴϲźۼصˡ
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Ʒһͣתȵزϣϻۣﶼڿ俤ĳ
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ҩӣоЩаš
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ҩҡҡͷӱҪȥ¡½ƽȥߣһǡѰǶܳȥ½ƽԼˡɾ֡
ҡҡͷƵţһͷ顣
˵Ӧڴ·ϣӦòǡɣ



103
ƹпˣɫУʹǶæϰˡɾҪǶ౸һԺӶѡ
½ƽߣֲӴֻ͡࿴ż̫ˣⰲɨԺӡѰ˸յ˵¡
ҩźһɨ̲סԹɾźˣҪƫƧԺӡôĵطٶҲꡣ
ԭм׸ɾԺȻɾҪָԽƫƧԺԽáҲ֪˹ۣҪʲô׼ʲô
½ƽոܳȥˣһ䣬ͻһ
źô죿
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½ƽðϤϣҲסˣ˸·ͷȥܡ
ȥ˵ô࣬ƹҲ࣬϶ͬգ
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ڵݣɲô
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»æţ½ƽߡ·Ժʱǡײһ˽
½ƽ˱ܵһߣƳȥɲǼ侪סˡ
̴ǺƺƵشӵżˡǰǸɾɫ԰ףݣһǳɫѣ˵Ǿ
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νǣõʿݣ˼ҪˮѡȻ壬ȥջǱĿȥˡ
ȡС̳ƣȴһ˰̳
Ŷˣɾˣ˿˻۵ġ
֪ú⣬ֵĳ;Щѣ֣̫ҽһˡ
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ɾһ˲ţǵòСѡ˰죬ݿϵ¾ڸﴫˡЩ½ƽ˵̽Ŀڷ硣
ֻǿˣӦϴˡɾαµ˲ˣˣʲôϡģ
½ƽͰѾˣܱЩˣǸմӳùġ½ƽһ飬ȥɽѩԡ
ѩ͵͵ڼɽ󣬲ܶôûúû䶼ţûθڣھͲˡ
½ƽԴżҸһƱʹؼҡ
ѩӵصһۣ˦˦ԴſˡȻûſãѩ͵۾С
½ƽæŹ죬꣡ҪǱˣҪһˣ
۾ƴգȶٳСӣ½ƽΪˣڴʱȻһ̵Ӱѹ˼ɽϡ
Ѿˣ⴦СԺ½ƽĵ״󾪣Ҫ߳һţȴϣ˾䡰
һίСֺú̽
½ƽ̲סѩ
Ǵˡ
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ŨľҪѬˡ
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ҲǣɾϴˡѩͷʾҷѾˣɾء
½ƽͷۣڰϲλü㵽Ҫʲôұ֤ҩ仨¥

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˵ûá
ŪģбӦ
һڼɽϣԳЦЦ
˺ܾòŸŸոǰȴĨ˴ǵѪλƵģأˡ



104
󣬽ΪҲɾ磬˸ʿæټ̷
ΪŪƹĹƹ޴־Ҳû¡ĻʿҲûʲôԭ򣬳úÿС
ɾŲ԰׵ɫ¹ֻΪǡ
ƹҡͷʲôǣӹŲ̹ô
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ƹ۾һ
ֻҪܹӣʲôó򵱳ӱ˲ӸҲת־͸
ǹԾ¡һ̸ֱڣŲſˡƹذͻؿԺתͷջݣȴи֮Сɾ
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Сɾ˽ǰԱ˫Σף֪ݣǴܵĽ
һ仰ƹĿɿڴ
ǲҪʾôʲô
ףƺ뵽ʲôЩҧгݣĻҪˡΪھ͸øϣʧΪһ
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½ƽһɣ
飡Ϲģ
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105
½ƽ۾ģֻСӡ
֪ҩ˵ʲôûٺɾЦֻϧ˺ùޡ
úע⵽ĺ۾
½ƽûҧˡ
һԵķѩ䣬ʾԲɵġ
ܲµˣȴʲôû˵
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ʢһ÷İɣҵء
ŷģת˵˵ζģҪţ
ԽǷŮֻܷ⿤κ̩λ½ƽԹŮ÷⿤ľ޽С
ش½ƽҲһԡ
ʢЦ뷨
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½ƽʮֲͣ˭ǿˣôң
ֻһЦû뵽˲ӣСĲҸʣ
½ƽطʱҩûѩ֪鲻ãĸͷȴԼƺʲô
һ̵һƿҩ
ȻûɵֱӲ𿪳ֻǽźã̾˿
***
ʱڣѾˡƹȴů紺
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˻һԱߵƹɫͱˡϯҲ֮ȥ
ЦǺǵɨһۣ˼ƽϣɾӺζںη
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ɼң

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ϴŮȥСã½ӵۣ㿴㿴߳ʲôˣһˡ
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û뵽ٰû꣬ȻȻ¡
ŮӾ͹ڳׯհ˾ˡҺŮӻụ̂һ׮˾
ô֪
⻹ʣ
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߾żԺյС竣·һֻûȥ
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̶߰죬ĵ١þûôˡ
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½ƽ·ʲôͰ͵صͷĨᣬڹµļȰ£ԹԸˡ



106
ҹʪĺվڴߣޱҹɫǺӡ
ǹһԺӣ뿪ߺ󣬾ͱ
ϺӰջߣſڡ
ţɾЪˣСҪ£ɾ̸̸

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񽻻㣬½ƽЦ³ĸ֣θɡ
ٴθ

ڣͭͷϷѾɢˡ½ƽſϣ°͵ؿڣ뼫ۡ
ķޣ洫ϸУ˵һȥɡ
½ƽû
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վСɣ˴Σգˡ
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ʡ
ֻһ˵ΣգһֻߣԼվʰˡ
ֻ˳ڡ
ͳĬΣͱˣһ˱㣬㡭
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Ϊɷʾġ
ͣһ£ƺԸǸʡ
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***
ƹĴվһԽܵ£ûڽκע⡣
Ϊ⼸ս쳣̶ӺƺƵؽ˳ǣԭЩĽ˶ܺ棬صʱ򣬻˭
Ӷ׼ǴУҿ˭Ҷң
ջЪŮپʹ˹Ҫ
޷ܣ͹Ƕˡ
ͷŮһЦӣϵ˼ΪūˣҪǾϣûùӳԡ
Ҳţϲᶪң
Ů磬ֱʾʹŮǰ죬ϳȥ˳⡣
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ԼϻѣֿΧһУƺʲôĻ䣬˸¡
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ΪͻȻҪߡ˲پסģҹ˻´棬ͻȻˣ
һ߳ҽݸ˾ͰӴӴĬعһҽݡ
ԷĿûˡ
ҽݶˣץҩᳵ·Ų˼ݡ½ƽȣһǻæҩһϵˣǶӵܣ⼸쵱ĵ㡣
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ԼʶôҧһڣǰǶ̧١½ƽ˵ģҲɱ㡣г𱨳Ըĸұ϶컯һǻĸ׵ģ
δ䣬½ƽ̵ӻûüȥһСӲһ죬ȫסˡ
һǻ׵ģ
繬硣
˶ˣҽݸظҡ½ƽ¶ظţԼÿñԺĴš
īЦеؿţ׼죬ǿǵˣʱСУ˭ģ
½ƽͷۣôųһ·ߣŪҩ
ʲô࣬ҩࡣԼҸҩҪǮء
īߵߵظҩͭ½ƽžӸԼҩӾпá
ͷҲأˡ˻
ʱûоҩŷֹ۵ġ
üͷһס֣ӹ˽ҩ԰׵ָմһҩ࣬ź׵ĵطͿĨ
Ȼڲǰĵ浽ʱǻã
ôݻˡ
ܼ״Ŵǣױٰ֣ʶҲ٣ȥ鷳ȥݿǴ˾꣬ʲôҶϤԴһ𡣡
½ƽܾ̬ȺܳϿң͵һһ˼ҰɡһξͺãҲǿ󡭡
½ƽ̾ɣѾ˵ˡ
һֱһֻС۰Ͱ͵ؿˡ
½ƽǰѩձҲ±ӵƴҡβֺ
̾˿оԼĸĲëͷҾȥߣʲôóԵĺģҪһ𰡡
Цʣһ



107
ӽȥݱ½·Ȼܴѹˮ·ͳõѡ
½ƽˮԺãʱҲҵ̴ˣȥȻ࣬Բʲô
ͷٸҲڴˣһдУǲôۡ
ܺܿһҴλãֺڸߡ
Ҷ֪ڲȫǶͷǸǮв٣½ƽЩϡС⣬һ޽ǱһֶȣֵСˡ
ѩԴϴ˻ߺ;ӣ½ƽ˸ʳĽȦ½ƽűߣ
ò˵ˡ
ҩ˴˺׵⡣
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ͭһ˫Сֲ˲˵տɵغ
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˵ﲻƹ¡
Ů̷ɾĴվʹ󳳴֣һǹҪܣȻð˷ˣƽ˸ǣɾˡ
ŤĻɾɫ䣺һŮӣ˾ˣϷġ
Ц䡣
ѾźˣȻսǣһգٰճǵߵͷϣٽ˵Ĵȥߡﻹɹʱܽɹ
ϴδɾ
ȶ˾С˽ͰŪһˣ
***
ͳҵ˼ûܵ˼㶢ûôˡ
ڽͷţ·ֻŲΣɫȴãȻ
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뿪ҹҹ޷ߡǱǴΣЩ˯ȵһΡʵ޷ûζȹ
ѾҪˡ
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ɾҪֶˣĲȥô
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ʲôˣӲʩȰ壬ȡᡣƳҲĹ뿪ˡ
ҲӴףǾƵġ
ǻȥలţƣΪӰ
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īҴҸɾͷǱϢǲǸöˣ
͸üģȥЩԸȥ£ߡ
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***
һպ󣬴ܱƺҪΧˡ
ѾǵİղңͷҲ˲٣ബҶȥ𴦶ս
ԤҴվ͸ö½ƽûʲôģʹڴϴһ졣
ѩڷţ̲סϴŸӡ½ƽֹ̽ͷ⿴ȥȴ˸ϤӰ

û¶ݣ̴ֻͨǴӵţԵЩ衣ҪǿԼ뾻̣½ƽûע⵽
ϼ죬ԭȿˮͣżİĴ󴬡½ƽۼ⣬ϴμˡ
æ÷ѩܣ㿴ǲҪܣ
ٿϰΪʼͬˡ
ӵȤ
ط˾װ̴Եȳ½ƽ뿴̲ס࿴ۡ
ûֱԺߣ½ƽŵȥɰСè˦β͸ˣ첻
΢΢
˵ã½ƽоĶۣҡͷ
Ҫɹ
Ժڿ˹СīżڵȣЦñȻá
½ƽЦЦòǱһųëҲ
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109
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ʢ˵أֻ̫࣬Ծɲܳš
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ϽûӣȥĶˣȹѡһ·һҡҷ˵Ļǰš
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110
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