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1.   1    ˳

1 

ܾ˳ʮ
ͷ߹ҡȻҹ¶Ѿսʱƣ⻹úܡٵǲ߹ӣлųζô泩

һн˱ɹÿڸ
ԶˡΪ׵УǸĨĨָָ̧ǰӦиġ
ǸСӣòЩĪ棬ѸǱͣȴɫ񣬱Ѱϼ֡䣬ѾƼǲĽǡ
Ҿ˵˲Զˡһǣǰȥˡ
šСʲôܲˡ˵Цżϡ

£һŮ˵һ·ڣһ·ұҲͨɳԶˡ
ŮͻҪϸʣС۹һգһȵļͣ

һˣƯкȲʵġС⣬ɤӺң
ŮűӣС£ǸŮտҲ̲ס࿴һۡ
Сδ䣬ëһ˦ѾӦſ첽߹СȥŮתͷֻСƳһıͲ

еڣСĵǰԺߣĽǸ׵ˮƵģŮӵ۹ⲻЩޡ
ƴЦӭ͹롣
˵ǡ桱СˣȴСʱڣֻҪû˶⣬죬ˬýá

Ƭ̼СĻѾ׷һ׳ңϺȣɤҪðˣ
Сѻ׽ЦѾˣҼҲ¾вȣ
׳һӣСһˣ̧¶׵׵ѥӡ
㣬Ц㿵˳磡
˵ˣƽܹǡ

Ⱥӽ׳֮꣬ĿҲʮͷģǴŽѥȴʲôүӣ໥ǡС˳ƽȼζ֡ƶ۽ɹ۾һɨһ䣬
ū

µĺūŭѰö
ȺūУƽǸڵꡣÿüĿòԭʮӢͦüȴһ֮һ˿ЦûУƽ׼Ӣֺ⡣
ССƤúܡǰԺߵģҲЩ⣬СҲЩԵȴʮȡ

ֻȴֻƽĻʮûа취
ƽڿڣ˵˾䡰ˡƤӲŰȴø첲տ˳
˳ʣ
СüŪۣһ֧֧°ͣŵ˵㿴ǸС

˳°֧ķһۣЦˡ˳۵زһڲ裺СŶ󣬺˼˵˼С
СŲ˵϶ûǣϾʮˣԱ󣡡
˳ЦҪߣԴСü£޺޵֣㿴Űأӡ

еġСʲѯʳɳôߵŮ
СһˣǿܿȷǸͲŮϸ񻡣ĳϸһüСôҿģⳤ
ǵȻ˳Ҫû㹦һСӸԼţ
ƬˣŮһʼֻһˣҲֻһյȻǹ·ˡ

ССһԼͲֻṦģﲻһʡ˵Һ˭һʡҪȥдһ£߶ţƨɱȣʱŮһµ˼
ƽһۣʵ㡣
Сֻʵˡ


Ѿù緹ﲻЪţҲܹͷʱ⡣ŵĹӾ裬˰θЩˣֻ޲棬նЩ޸֮ˣ
⻰һԭ˵Цһɫ쬵Ŀ˵֮ȥ
Сֶס˵Ŀ¶׹⡣

˺੣ԭǸϷ֮𣬱Ǵŭ˱£ҲˡţŪȨû򹫶úòҡͣɥɥ˵ѾԴҲ졭
ͬ˵̫ްѾаˣǽҲº֮ҡ

ŴСܹһˮһæص͹٣Ī̸£Ȳ裬Ȳ裡
Ǻ㣬Զأţҵ֣첻ֲ˳
ô˵ǵȥ˲裬ҲĲ˵ǡ˵ˡ

ѹ͹֪˵ǰ˻֮һӭҪ˰ˡԺţ˵ɶҪСЩ
̻ƣϢͨô˵Щ̾ҪǺ𣿡

СһҲˣէһǹǻ壬ʵǼʿĩɵıָ㽭ɽ
Сַſ˵һƨûеСӣٻʵۺ͸ϵġ

ŶӺ˿裬Ǽһתʼ֣̽ԹȨˣмк³ģ
ûڣضõˣǮŪȨĻбıͷɲǵ𣡡
˵ţң»ȢӣС檣
Ǳһʲôã
㣬ôأ˵ѽ

ղŻ˵˵ŷһգ·ȥˡ䶼Χšȱһ㼥ЦŪƽ˵ĶУġ
ƺƹɫסģòԹɫע⵽ˣһнӣһ롣
ɳһλġ
ҲЃ̵ġ

һԽ˵Խ񻰣һСƽ˲豭Ӣ˺ɫӰӣĿ˶
һƽͲȴͷ֮ˡһһźţ㱬˵ŭ𡣿˳СһϾҪվ
˭֪š顱һ춯һŭ߳ȴ𣺡סڣ

˳˵ĺûüڣ㼯ĿȥȴղŲ̸۹ǸŮüվǼǰ
ʲǡ顱һǳڵϣɽ
ȻһȻõ˭ҵС񣿡úõ˵ŻϣҪǿŮòļѣҲҪ˵ġ

Ůԭ⼸СһˣʱվСһ
ԼС£ȷǻδǵӡɫûСճڸгĽǾ½ģüۼйȻӢȴСڸѰŮϼġ

ŮüԻȴǶ˿񡣡
֪ʲȷп˲֮ȴϷӲҵȱвҲȱˣθɣ

Ů±£˱ˣҪţ˭˭ȥҪԵˡ
һȴԵˣǿûۼˣ˵ľ㶼˹
˹֣Ůŭɫ˭ҶɲһҲĸһ۰ų䣬˭ԸԸûڵģǼȶ飬£֮ࣿ鶼ȥô

ԭϲڳԻȡ֮ˣԴŭһ̱´ŮۣС⼤ߣĪɱȥȥꡯˣ
˴ЦСӸϽɣȾͲˣСǸǸ
һĺŮɫŮѾɫϻ˵в⵴һŮӵ·϶ʲôңվȥҪᱡǾľ˰ɣ㡭

һ㡱ֻδ䣬ֻǰһ
Ůһֱеĳһ˹






2.   2    ѵ

2 

ƽһС㶼Ǻ֡
ؿһһӵֱ໬ȥһֱ۲Ҹ¡

˶ԣֲǰһֱ۱㱻סҸһɿܲõĴ˱ʧģղˤ˲ϡ
һʱ飬ɹ
һӣȴڱ˺

³ͻȻĿɿڴȲǡ
һ˴һ㡪˼ϳ塣ҲѣǰŮǲǣ󳷣šˣˣ
£ūͳ
СȥæƽסСץƽ磡
ƽ˵һ˫Ǳߡ

һ򣬲ǱȻɢܣҲн˲ǮġƹͻסĲֻͣһɥغˣˣ
ŮȷҪ˰֡޸֮ĶˣʹҲǿ׳ЩϰЩǳȭš
ֻŮѶ֣ûˣҲû顣һȦáˡ㡢ܿͽЩ˶˵ϡ

ߣŮʽڵϣһӣɣΪˣԺܼܲǵ˵˻
㡭ô󵨡һű׵źˣū͵Ĳվ֪˭̶ҡ
ҹ˭Ůȶ㲻ô˵˻ݹҹ飡
˵ţüݺһ٣һĿӡ

ǿˡǼ˵ļڱ籾Щͷúǰ¼䡰ӵš֮ĺݻūͲŽһˡ
ƹūһͷһİ죬Ŀ׺ݣŵƹû֣һȺҲûǮ͵ϳˡ

µŮҲתߣƹæȥ£㲻߰㿴⡭Сⲻװ¡
Ůǽ壬ɫԲסҡ
¶౾ԣղ׶ǰĵŹˡƹ޵øЩɱģǮûһȫˣȫˣȥҶǮ
ŮǱæޣǣǮ˵˵ţ˰Ǯ

ƹͰʧһ߿ţһ߱˸֣һ߻͵ۿǹ
Ůһ㶣ֱ鲻ȴ÷ۺǸ
ƹ㡰⡱һ£æͷ㣬ʲôѺĶѹСҲɡ˵۾ǹͷɨȴʧط֣ŹŮʽʽ򵥣ͷΣֻжһСС㣬ҲֵʲôܻûǸֵǮ
ƹ۾ǰϳ򣺡

ƹû´ŮƽһγԶţ͵ܳģû飬̲ûոʣµЩǮ֪س̵·ء
Ůջս˳͵ͨѺ㣡
ƹǻС
Ǯ㣡ޣŮͷƤ飬æȥɰҪͰʣòɢǮ

ȴһֻס
Ů΢תͷȴһԼµĽ꣬һƯ·ŮӡЦأһΣ׳ƹ񣺡š
ƹæסһǸӡ

Сʡ
ƹҧҧæͷˣˡ
Сӻ֣ƹʶȤ¡
Ůûž飬Ҳ˵ҵʧһ£λӡ
Сתͷţ
Ůȭлֻҽͷ㣬빫աַձص໹

һ˵ȴҪӲһ/ģСһЦõذڰ֣ЩǮ㲻طϡҽСգˣ񱾵ˣ
ʲŻ˼˵С˸ǰڱС㡱ʵƽʱˡ׾ʹû˰˿Ժǽ㡢غ
ԼҲԼ˹ȻʲôŮ˵һͱԼЩİơֱӾͺ㡱ôȣδʧ֮٬ˡ

Ůӿ֮磬ҾعӣҲ빫ء
СŲס֪Լˣȴǲ֪ģȡһεڼ˵ģ㡭Ī֡ЩǮ£ߵģĪԼˣﲻطϡ

֪͸ģЩǻˡŮճڼʱ򣬳Щ£̽ģӽǮô±һЦȻˣлӡ£ˣյ빫ʶҡֻһ£ڴ˱ɽģˮ뱣ء

СڸūͣͬСǸݰͽȴɸԵȵĴ˿⻹ͷһΣôһƽȵءصضԴ
СԭΪǿͷ׾ݣΪЩ֮˵һҲԼдһ¡ʱȴȫдһ磬ظһͦȻԭ¹ݳúֲùáʶµҡҲ뱣ء

Ͳȴһʹǿװϳɣ˳ʹ˴űסûЦ
ۼµĹһƥﳤȥСɵվ￴ţ˳ȥһӣ˶Զˡ
СҪȥ˳ЦŶô㻹˲ɣ
ޣ˵Сʲôˣʲôϲϵģû˼ҺúõĹң

⻰һжһ
С˵˻ʱĿڣб£ţǰ㣬ֻ̫ࡢ̫Ȣӣˡ

λǴܾ˳ۣ˳ϻӹػ¹١Сᵽ̫ࡢ̫Ǿ˳óİеˣ˸̫ټϼԺţ󣬺ϳơ˻һǡΪĳͰʹޡ
Ÿ̫඼ڹլۡкü˶ȢӡǾ˳͵ĹŮ
ֻǲȱ֮ˣԼɶСŲ˵Ȣӣ˵Ȣޡӡ

һɨգЦ
Сӻ뵱̫࣡
㣡
ЦߣԴС֧ҵšƿЩˣȴƽվһԣʹȥķ򣬲֪ΪΣĪ⡣

Сһűҵ·һʣƽ磬ʲôأ
ƽǱѣȻתͷ˵£
ѽС˵أ˵ﶼֵҿ¹ͦأȽŮӲ

ƽ·ûһ㣬Ůȥķ촽΢
ʲôСû˵ʲô
ǹƽ˵ʹǹ
ǰ𣿡Сϡ

ǹǣҲ˵Ҹղſףõǹʹǹǹ
СΪ壺ǶְܿգôͿ
Ц㻹أùɡ
С죬ҲȥǣԼ
ΨСƽվԭأŮȥķ

¡

ʹǹ
ⲻܣԼ˵ֻɺ϶ѡ
ɽ㣬ǧѾ˻飬ôܰɽˮص

ǡ
ƽսȭ
ʲţµĹʹģȷĸϣͤҴ¼ҵǹ
ѵǡ






3.   3    

3 

ƽһҲΨһһμʱһԲԲûĸҲװ֣һԲԲġ
ʱһȷ֮һװ֣ɲҪϱʹ֤ĸʱʮĶȢҪúãȢĸѧǹŵһ׼Ǹˡ

˿ǣ촽մǷۣ֤ģʹÿģ
Դ˵ҿɲҪϱ
ߣָͷϵǷۣŲ󣡡
ã󡣡ʧЦ
Цˣ۾䣬

ΪԺ󻹻ټû뵽Ψһһμ档
̫ôˣ׸ССٻ֮ʲôϵûϵѽɹȳ򣬷Сϵʱ򣬱쫷籩꣬˲֧顣

ʵ̫٣ڹڼҶδǺ¡
̫ްʱѾʮˣ̫ﶼѾʮˡ
̫Ǿ˳ԪȵҳƷأȳȣ˿жȣʵٺòһλƫƫԼ׵

̫ްţ̷ѣѾĻ̫ΪҲΪģòɿ
˳ȴӴݵأʵǿ¯θͷӣǲ
ϲƹܡ˶д֮ʸǸˣ߽Լ֮ˣǸλá
λ֮Ѫ

ǻ̫һκʱ˴⸪׳н֮ƣֱӶ˻̫һɵš
ȴҲһ塣̫ˣ˳Ⱥλʺûһʺȥƫÿʺ˶ӣÿʺĻӶǵջӣһĸ߹һͳ

еյĻ̫һȫû󣬵ջǿʼ˵⽣Ӱ˶ᡣʵȻ޵ΪҲõʿգ۶Ӳ
ǱþˣҪ緢
˳ʮ꣬ʵһ£һһģºڰ಻סܿꪳɳ

ϻʵٳڳϵʱɫãܶˡĲ𡱵ͷֻû˸˵ڡ
º֮ҼؾͱѹȥǣȴȹҾá߸ǣУԾлģ˰ƵģΪ˵ġ˸Ҫᣬͷأ塣
һ㡱֣㸲˻

ǰʱֻȼʧ˸оʵǹȵʹʹľ
ĸ׺ֳߡ
㣬ֻΪˡ˵

ľ֡Ĵ磬ιԷϴʹڸȾÿĶܻ⹬̵Ķˣڰηܶ඼ڸȾ
ھ߶У֪ԼĸĸֵܶˡܻΪ壬ĸó˼ＸȫĻܶű
Ϊ˱ܵļױˡ

ȹңôҲð㱣˵㰡׹Ů
ˣ˻ƣ˵壬˵ˣ
˻ݹûԥذӡ
ӴˣС¼ޥ޹ϵ

ʱڶˣʵͲ
ˣƤ׷׳ĶǺֻеͼʡֻй³ġûСǲֵϲ
ҪҪ̳ˡֻ볤ϣٽִֵ꣬Ϊκ˶
һϴӻǶʵˣҲˡ˭ٸᡰҪʿһֱҲֱֻ³̫ͨãұҲôֱ
ֵġ

֮󱻷䵽˳ɳڳɳͷΪū˴֣ƽ
ͺС˳һһ֪ū͵֡
㣬Ӵ˲ٴ䡣

磬߰ɣСĺӻг˳
ӹǰҪصĵطҲǸղŵġ¹ǰеĵطǸǳɳ
ʲôҪȥɳ
ȥɳ
ֽ˽̧ӣߣ

С׾͸ûоһɳؾı仯ѰкҪöࡣԶԣѾžˣɤöࡣ
ʼվԽԽϸˡҲ롣ǰ첻ͺġ

־彫֮󣬿ϸˡϵòеϻ¹١ͣƤ壬ȴ룬ûݣ͸ɱ񣬿ȷ
Ǯϻ¹ٿԳûûǮû˵ģͱ򷢵ԵĽȥǳڹǵǰ
ǹζ˹˵ıǶˡ

ֿ־ʼڻͷ·ʱὫ米ͦøֱ˵ʱѹɤԼͱû
ϴҲȱڣѬ㡣
ã취Լ˹˵̶ۣΡ棬ô

ɻԼѾˡ
⣬ӡסĴĲȱûҪĲ֣ôأ
ĵݹ˻ʱԥͰӡ

ʲô˵ĶӣܴڽӴҲܳΪʲô˵ɷѾΪһ
ֻΡȱ˻ˡ
˹

ǳŮ񻣬ȴɬǡ¹ģ
޷ȷϣΪС϶ԲԲģ¹ȴص
¹нķнټһǸηټǸ
̶̵ʱѾ
ֿ־ľ

δޣ
˵֤
ʲôˡ

һ·ɳȥܵˣȴûٿǸ¹
С̲ס档
˳ʣ߶ʲôأ
Сﲻס˵¹Ҳ߳ɳķɣôƲܵôҲ㶯ġ
ڲ·ȥ˱ķ
СҲԼƽʱ˭˵飬ô͸¹˵ʱͷɵأҲȥͷˡ

ͷ΢΢бЩ¶Ҳûôˡһ·ڿʯ֪볤ɳʮ·ˡǵĵؽ磬ٵһϤúܣˮвݣ˼ң֪
ǱСӡ˳˵ЪЪŰɡ

һ˱˹ٵˮĵطȥûˮߣ㿴ˮһƥڵˮߺˮһŮųں̲ʯˮ淢
ǲ߶¹ô

Сˣһʹ˳ȥ¹ԭ
Ůתͷվ
սңңɬס






4.   4    

4 

ޥ̵ĻƴˣǸ·ڣ볤ɳֻʮ·ˡ
ƾһӼܳǧʣʮ·ʱȴȻˡ
ˮǻ﷢ʼ᲻ʮ·̡

ãȻ˻¹ȥȴʶǸСĽĻǡ
ӣ
ѽҿɲʲôӡСЦعСˡ
ޥСˣܹ˼һԥͷС硣

СһЦߣȥǳɳ𣿡
ޥͷǡԭǳɳˣ
Сֽйӡ
СȻһ£ȴƤΣ۾ȫЦ⣬Сޥ֪·ҲһЦҡ

Сȴ׷ʣ¹ȥɳѰ˻ǰ£
ޥ΢һɣСԹɫظ˵ҴţڳɳģɳûҲ֪ĵطﲻѰ˻ǰ£ʲôģҡ
ޥĶʵİˣСǸܱ꣬ĳ˷ɾ裬˰ġޥʣǡ֪ȥѰˣҪôѰ
Сסһδ˵һͳ𣺡ҪȥѰʲôˣ

ޥתͷСĻ鶼ǣ˵Ǹ޳ʵӡ֮ǰڲʱҴƳһۣʱվ˿ýüĿǸߴǸʮֿ֮ˡֻüС׽

ޥȻûߵľ飬ȴŮӵϸСãȴ־ǧ֮롣üλ
СæҴ硣ƽ磬¹ǰˡ
ȴޥʣȥҪѰ˭

˵̬ͱˣƽʱͬС죬ޥҲ¶飬æЦŴԲǱˡ
ޥһǣ

ͬǷԼȥˮҲչ˵ǰǳġҪҸ˭˵˵ʶ
˵ʶҲ԰Ŵ
Ҳʣ𣿡
ޥڲЩȱ֮˵ҶŮкøСһŮѰˣǲͶʲô˵ģĵһѡ

߸ӶȻоóǶûж⣬ĵæޥЩ޴룬ڰ˵ǡǰɡ
곤ǸʧЦءǡ
ͣݰɡ˿ϳɣЦҲºͣޥסȭ˵λ磬Ҫҵջ㡣ˣʮˣǰ䵽˳ɳģá̡

˵ÿĿİͰͣʮּѡ
ˣҲˡҪѰˣԭǸһġԹڲ˵ֻһŮҪѰҲֻʮ꣬ѲǼ˵ˡ
֮Уֻп˳ԾĿͶ촽΢˵ʲôȴֱ죬һδ

곤˴°͵ջ롭ף䬣ƽ㡭
ضĻͷȻޥûˣҴطˣ
΢㵡Ƕˣƽˡ

ûУޥҲȻʣûУʵȷ䵽ɳˡ
ˣ˭֪ءƽһĮȻÿ긮ﶼˣ˶ѣˣˣˡпܡ
˵ޥͨ죬ʶʶ˵ʱôġȴֻ˵ں˵
Ůˣִ۾ŭػȼգ˲ǺˣҲͬ˵ˣԼȥɳȥ˵գתȥǣ

С⼸仰Ĺձ㼱ת¡ƬУɿʲôѾ뵽ʲôޥ÷ͨ죬תǣż˵ȴ˳ּۿһѰס˼򣬸˼¡
С졣

ޥˮҪߡúÿȴܻȴǰ
üÿ
ȴĿڣ˵ҼǴˣȷôһˡ
ޥס

оͺá֪ھС˵ʾȴţл֪ãҪȥɳѰ
ȴѰ
˵㡣

˵ޥŭֺ˵֪ң㷽ŻǵأҲ㣬˾ƭˣÿ
ƹҪߣ˵䬵Ļ㣬ٻ֮ӣ°ٻ֮Ů׶ףԼô¼С㼰ǱӭȢ

ޥĽŲͣסȻת𾪵ؿǸ޳ıӰ
Ŀⴹڵϣ˵ǰұºǣѾ˹̣ΪūʱŻ¾Ѿˣ㻹ʲô
ת̧ǰŮ

ǣ˵롣ûƭ󣬹泤һˡ
Ӧʮˣʮģ㼰ǡûⳡ䣬͸Ÿͷżӭ䬣Ȣӡ
ȻŮ

İٻ֮λҪϮģģûķݡһֱţԼҲٻ֮λܸӺӹ
һУڶˮ¾
ǰǧѰŮδӣֻؿ񱻿ݶסȳƣ޷

ʶɿ˵ϡޥʧǵؿǰꡣ
ʵǵ糤ʲôˡֻһأҲʽһء
ദ˼죬ȥˡֻͨţûټ

ޥֻǵδǸʮֺÿС磬׳ʲôӣʵǼǲˡ
οʱҲǸСӡкڳɳĹУһܸͷȴݵ˵Ľ׶ΡƵ꣬Ӣʵ꣬仯СŮʮ˱䡣

ֻǣԭΪʮؾ룬ȴ롭ǰ
̫ͻȻ̫⧲Ŀʲôޥʱ޴
ңһңˣ㲻˵ٻ˵Ҳ֪˻£ҡ

ǽĿתؿ
Ůŵؾס´˺ü²̧ͷ˵ңһֱҡʲô֪꣬ҪףҲ֪

ͷĻ¼ѾˣȻҪס
ǣŮãȻǣǰд˵Ҫ飬Ҷˣ˵Ů̶򡣡
ƭ˵ġ˵Щ鶼дģҪŮȻҪôǡ

ǰдţ˸ĺóԵĺģҪ顣
ҪϹ˵鲻׵ױƭ
ţֱЦҪ鿴ͶһŮŮÿʶˣϲ͵͵ЩµĻӡ

һ죬ͻȻôûдţԭΪ֮ǰǸҪӣԭΪѾûˡĻҲûˣҪһˡ
ǰŮ̶ΪôҲ
˵ĺΪʲôôһޥ벻ס






5.   5    

5 

ԡǹԼ뷨˼Һõʱȥ˼˾ͱ塣
ĿﻹĹִȻԼ
ǡȴ˵¼ҲǷȫҶնһ˴ǮűסһΪļױˣ㲻֪𣿡

ޥȻ
ҵļױ𣿡ͨˣֲһֱʹǮ
㣬Թ𣿡
ޥȴĸôԹҵļױܰǶõ¡

Ĭãԣ㲻Ƿġ
ˡޥʣǿ׵ģ
ͷȻԡ
仰ŮļȻ·һֱʲôˡƵġ
Ǿͺá˵ţȦȴˡ

ԣǧ˵µģĮȻʡ
ǣȻǡޥ޴طϣ»
ʣʲô

ǰˣǰǸȫȻһЩм͸Ǻ͹϶ûСòȴӲʯԶɽ
磬ӵġ

ң̫ǲǣڰ˵ҡûţþԡҸһ¾ģ㣬ҵ
ĿһԣûͲ

ޥȻ
ұصġ˵ҺСףÿ궼дöţͺöණֳһáԭ֪£֪ˣҲû°м仰һҪ˵

ҧ˵ת
ޥǰһ˿Ϥжûе꣬˿˵ҵ˵Ųͷ죬ֻҪڵϲȳ·
ǧݵԹ·Ǯ˿ӹ߳ҧһ档
Ҿ˵ һӣֹһ·ߣ񲻹ǻһ·ˡЩһҪȥ
ң˵㡭ˣܲӦ

̧
ŮûнʹƤϻܿǳǳëǸѾͷƬӣܿƽһγԶţԶ·
Ϊ˵ôһնķϻ

ÿЦ
ЦǵЦǰɬŮ촽۾ɵɵءǿؿ·𲻵ȵһ϶Ĵ𸴲Ƶӣһɬ֮Īۿͱǻ

磺͵Ǳ﷢ְ֣壬ʹˣȢ߰~
磺͵ķݺյˡӸòãԼ˼˫㣬˵ġţϸĶģŴ˫ġ
硭

ɬУ۾һˮǰŮ·СΣǸм䶼͸ɵɵССδޡ
Щ꣬һֱڵ
ס۾ɬ⣬ǰšǿŮǵ˵ͷӦ˵á

ޥǧΪ˵һ𸴡
׶ڷЦˡЦЦţͷм
ǡ˵һȥ

ЩķݡޡǣЩιķޣһ顣
áҧ˵ҪТţɷڼּҡ
ޥ˵á

ޥĨ˰ֽý
һۣء
ֻͷ
ޥֿһۡǰûסģΪСڴˣôҪס

ޥŲʮꡣӶѾǻδޡСͱšǻϱ£ͻϵͨţĹذн
δԡûϱ滮ġ
δޥȥʮռķνء

ԵͻȻָһ£԰Ů˵ֱӽˣʵ޷ܡ
ǿŮǶԻıѣκģƽϢһǧߵçײ֮С
ǣ棬˵˻˽ᡣ

ӴٲǷˡ
ޥҲԻ˵ͷתͷһǱӳȥʱķͷҲصﳾȥ

̲߼ž
˳С
տ˳СһѡСһͷ˿˳һۣ½ߵߡ
ƽ硭˵ǡ

ȴͻȻĺɰ̲ˣȥ
Сһ¡
ȵȥ
СعѺɰȥȥǣԼ׷ޥķȥˡ

¼˻ʹɫ˳վ˳밲ο䡣
ȴ߹ȥһӳȥʹ˻ӣޥķ񱼶ȥ
˳ƽĻ鳶סҡҡͷһ˴

Ǿ㶼̾ϢҲתȥĨĨ۾
һ̣ͬܣÿʵƽƵ𣬴ǰҲͲˡ

񱼣Уڶ
Ųʱϵ۶Ѿɡ
Ǹ˶ʱ׷ȵڵʱڳɳĳȵۻС
û׷Сɥ׷˺ԶأûӰ

˳ۻο˵˱ĵ
СҪ˵Ѿûϵհûϵ
Сãܹһ˴ɽ㣬Ҳƽȥ
ߣûظȥĹӸˡһ

Ƿ׷˵Щβ°ƯĹӸˡζƽ֮Ļ
ֻһųŹر֮ǰ̤Ŷ

ǧ˵ֹһ·
һʲô·ءųŶϵĵơơĻ衣ʱǺͳǵ˷·Ӱء
ŵʿߺţ㣬㣡Ҫˣ
ˣ̵ؼӿ˽Ų·һ㣬ͻǱ

ȹأصĴҪ׳˺Ƶö֨ѽ֨ѽݷᡣ
޴ĳűպ;ľ˨λĻʱ̤˻谵
ɳ۴αȣƳϣҹϴЦ¥Ȳʣֵ¥ʱʱƮӣεĺס
ӣūѽ֦չŮдЦ˿
һַҹĻȻ


ͻΪĲͬޥûܻȥɽ
˵˽ᣬû˰ʮоʹûˣܡһǣ·˵Ұǿһ
С׷̲

һΣǰ·иɵţ֪ôط·ߡ
ޥˣҲܲܡһ·߹ʯС۴ֵ֦˺ɾѲ෭ĳˡ
ȥޥɢңҲĸ·Ӧɣ˹ٵȥˡ
С׷˺ԶûƼޥӰŹٵۻһκޥ






6.   6    

6 

ޥɼдֽһҹڶմǱһң·
ϵ̲ȷǲˣ㾡ٻǮܽޱޣмҰ¶ޡֻܸоҹ糿ʼֶˡ
һ·ϣȸ׹ӣԸˣȥ·˼һͷʳǮһ·Ű취ȥ

һյʱһС򣬸оͷεġ
һ·ҲûˣˡֻǹԴܻˣȴûޥ֪Լҹ¶˺վдżҵɳȥʱͶ޹Ǽõꡣ
һŮһüһƥ콡·ϼټƺƹ񶼻ǵһʣֳ

ޥͷεģһʱסֳ
ƹ˵㣬û죬ֳһ·Ѱˣһݣ֪Ȼ㣬ָ·׷ȥˣߵǹٵû𣿡

ޥĵһ⡱û뵽ֳ׷ЩǽޣʳԵģֳˡ
ͷһʱͷؽᣬվȡ
ƹæ˼䷿ޥ¾ûͷ̣յԺˡ

ҿƹƣ˸ھΨһҩãиϴƹϴܺˡ˼ҩ
ƹӰżҩιҩŰѸ֪ߵغҴСӹŹ˻
ֻǲɽȥ˿ޥգȴҲֽֿȵҪѷƬȳƵģһʱǲ·ˡ

һհҩ£ǷµҵķǮҩǮʵûа취㽫ˡЩ᲻ã˾ģ̤ʵˣ˯ȥ
˯˲֪ã顱ѡ

ӵɤӣһһ߼ʣǲ㣿Ӧһ
ƹҲһ԰ź𣿡
ֺңң

ϤޥٰίӿͷӡһͿˣ硪
һ˵õȷϣû˼ɣŶ룺
ޥһƹǰ˽Ũüۣ彡ԼҴ°ءޥЩէһˣۡһ˳
ɤӻţ޵øֿ

°رһӻһӾͽޥûˡٿޥƴСѶˣ۵ֱתôݳˣ
һۣޥίˣ޵

ƹźЦСﵨӴ죬һ˳Զţɼ˾¶ԭΣ˵Ǹûǵĺء
ǰŭ죬һֱ߶ôˣ˭żۡ

ЦŰοˣˣǸɤӣҲԲ¶ûˣ¬˵ˣٳҩú¾ͻˡ
°رȭһҾֿ˵лˣ£һӲ
ƹϲöֳϿңڿһЦˣû¾ͺáмȥöһ
°лƹӳȥˣš

ޥŴͷӡҲѾѰˣ°֪޴󰭣ȷǻ޿޿ޣ㲻͵úܣɶ
ޥ˶٣漴޵øˣ˵أ㻹ˣ
㻹㣿ҲҪ㣬һҪأ°˵žߣ̧֣Ҫ˵ļơ

ޥ֪򣬵εȷͬܳʱȫƾһţ˽ˣǿйˣֲ棬Ҳ֪ˡ㲻ٿޣֻ죬۰Ͱ͵س硣

ɳǧߵ˲ٿࡣΪݵǰԲ񶼰ˣ°ؿ⸱ģֺޣͷĿݺ˼ƣҽҽ㵨죡ҽϹܣ
ޥӡ

°س˿ͷ·ѾɶСһ٣ŭ˴롣֪׷׷ˣۼŶ쵽ݸˣ·һ˼˵ⱧŰӵĹȥһˣֻȥһˣ

ޥһ֪·ϺԼˣԩ·øˡ
°شԴʲôǸϱӣ
ޥګګ˵ۻ
Ҳۻһǰ岻ɣɵô°Ҫˣһ·׷һʣ˼˵ڵ㲻զҪˣޣ
ԼòָϽȥ

ޥ飺ǵҵģǸﻹ𣿡ûɣ
ããøƨ°زָЩＱ춼ݣ׷㣬ɼӢǱҪÿҪҲڣߵ˰ģȥˡȫҾֻһӢﻹ㣬ɩȥˡ
ޥæлɩˣһȥɩӺͻЬ

ЬæģôϽȥ°˲£˵ڶ죬½ұˣ˵½Ҫ½ӹ￴ŲʹȥˡдŻȥӲ˵гҪƳٵ¸¡ͳȥˣ֪Ǳôءұڵ˼˵֮ǰȥ˵ҵҪǳһ죬͸һûȥˣˣ

ޥסʣͶ𣿡
°صȻ½˿Ƕˣʿ˵Ҫһ±ľ֮ȻͶˣ
ޥǻһͨͷ˵

ƤСݵѰˣˣ°Ͷˣ¶ǰδй˼ģͻȻ°ؾˡ
°ض˶٣ûľͷ˿ʣ𣿡
ޥͷˡ

°ڴ£ˣҵȥˣһҾˣ
ޥȴ˵ûУûɳ·Ͼˡ˵Լ˴ܣֻ˵·ϸ˴ϡ
ôɣ°ؾò˼飬˶٣̾˿ʣʲôӣɻ𣿡

ޥֻͷһֱ˵ã˵úûԼˡ
ǲȻΪūΪˣ°ҡͷ
û˵ⲻͨļͨūǹūøϴ⣬ܸͷ棬ˡ
ȴ˹̣ˡ
ⱲûʲôָûкûѼ֮գ벻ء

ȥչ˻Ĳˣ°ءϴ壬ǸȥĵطǲֱܾͷƤ顣
ھﳤ󣬼ֶϽš۲е˱ûô¹ˣŵСȶת

ˣˣȻأ°׷ʣԶܹôţ
ûôţҾ˵仰
˵𣿡
˵ˡ

°Ҳȥ׷ޥ׸˵ɶޥǸ򵥵СԴϣɶҪôǸҪôǹο
ҲˣҲ˵ˣ̤ʵ˰ɣܸһؼ˰ɣ

̤ʵˡޥ˵Ҹѻ˵ˣﳹ̤ʵˡ
ˣΪһޥܾãΪĻڻ飬ʩС͡
Сʱְ壬áֻҪˣ£һʹˡ

ͻѻ˵ˣӦˣҲһˡޥ仹ʱȴһͨ
Ϊƽˣˡ
Ӵ¼ޥͻ㣬Ƿûиϵˡ

¼ҳ°쳤һ
аɣ̤ʵ˾ˣһؼҡ˵ȹԺ½ҵˡ
ǽʿҵĶϱ˵Ҳʿˣ٣øھ
ϵĺ£ۼҴǰ붼롣






7.   7    ؼ

7 

ΪҪŻݣ°ȥʹУ˵û󰭣ЩӾͺˡ
ޥҲ˵Լܸ·ʱʱҪһֵͨ÷ҲԲ£˶ˣ°ؿһģǾ͸

˷ǮҩǮǱ˺ĵƹޣޥʵʵ˳ؼҡ
Խ߷ԽԽ䡣˵Ӧñٲ硣һãǵߡЩˣ·£ƫͷζ¡

ޥΪԼˣֻΪǰûôʱĳһ·ǰߵùǺ䲻е˻صŻ£ȴҲͷΣˡ
ǳԲ¡

Ϊ״µֻƴҸϣڱԼһϻݼ
ޥΪһ࣬һ·ų·ȥȵݵʱ°ͼˣˣһ˫۾Եر
һ£ȥɳһ·ɹڵƤָˡ

šƽˡ˵ҷ׼ݺ޷һ١°ͼ⡢۾ֲ԰ѪɫĹѽһֱӰѼҷ˵ϣȥסޥʹôݳӣ
ӣȥã㲻֪տ

°ίԲ·Ҳû취Ҫƴظ·أǲµ
ûõĶ·¡
ޥæִ磬ңһߣҾơ
㻹֪㣡һ·˸ոձѹȥŭˣ־ޥ첲ȥšӣ㵨ӳ찡㡭

һ󣬸оǸ첲ϸϸģһȦûˡ±һ٣ȻšˣޥԼˣۣ
ֻǱ˲֪·һҧгҪºֵģ°غ϶Ͻȥ
һŲһ
һƽͺãĸ

·˾¿ɿ˹Ůȴʲôҿõúܣô棬ȫûԩң
ӶϱһͨȰޥͷԵصͷϴ·ŭųòˣԳϱ˵ȥԺ½֮ǰ߳Ժһ

ޥ̧ͷΪԼ磬ɩק첲˼£ָʹɫӦţ͹ϹܣקŽˡ
ޥû˳ӵظɩߡ·˻ںȵϰѴǰѣ

͸Ƕۡ
Ǽҹܷ/ǽٴôѵߴܵģǷ/ǽܵ𡣡
·ͻȻҲ뵽ˣ׷ںĿڣԺţţҲϣ
ϱԶԶӦġ

ޥһ·ϻԼԺӣ˷ůġţѾȰѻá
ޥסֱۣɩ½Ҫˣ

˵ȱ룬ߣˮأ
ʵѾӦˮͺãѽôݳˣ
ﷲޥģĪһޥԲշۺ죬žһԶţôݳĸоˣ

Ѿۣ̲ס˵Ҳÿˡ
ϰ죬˿˵ûڣҾ͵ȥһˣ紵ɹģڲػ½˿ôˡ
ţѾɾĲͻϴѡһͰһͰˮͽȥޥΧְ˽ŵؽĴѣıƽ˾ѵùﰴԡͰ


ޥغһˮѱǿ¶ˮǰһƬˮȫĹͷƵġ
⼸¿ǡడ

Ӹϴͷ߸걳ޥʣɩأ
洫ϵأأ㻹ʲô
ޥæ˵ɩ̫࣬ɩӸϽȥЪš
ϣߡ

˵ɱү˶Ҫ
˵Ҫܷˣ
ޥһǶҷˣ
̾ҵĹﰥֲǷģǻӹ
˵һ˰أǼ·һȳһյģҲ˯ۡ

ޥΪΣˣңһͷҪһЩһʱ벻ô
߲Ǹһ𳤴ģ֪㶼ͷˣʵʵؾУ
밴Դͷͷ

ޥͷϴͷȴȻŵ۾߸ӣ
˵ɲǣŶ㣡
ޥۣ˵ôǣ﷢ˣ
಻㣬ϴͷЧҲǺãǹޥճϴϴͷǡ趹ѡ꣬Щ׽⣬öϽ˺ܶࡣ
ǰ֪ˣΪڻ˻˴Ǯ

˵Ƿ˷Ըģ½֮ǰϴͷ߸ӡ
߲˵أ
ޥͷϴɾˣĨ˰̧ͷԡͰıأѹʣ½ʲôʱ֪𣿡

ĸѾͷҲŵ˵˵ˣǰ챨ŵȵˣ˵Ϳ쵽ˡ
ʲôϽϴɾ˵
ŮͷѾͷֵ¼٣ޥúôϴһһߴһ߻˵ôǰˣ
ޥҳߵģΪɹڡ

ôɵ·ϴŶءޥ˵ɹһЩֻ·˳һֱš׷ңһ·ðˡ
׵ãü½ء˵

ǰһ˵ǡү춼ǡ½ˡ
ޥ΢΢һ֪̾½˵£Ҳݣøɾ˱춯ӱ˸Ĩ
ȡӸĨ壬ֻ壬ˣġǰﲻõģȻΪż½ˣݳˡ

ޥԴŴ󲼽ڿϳԸɹæкѾͷͷɱˡҸ˵ʲôʱܲ⼸죬ã
Ѿͷѻ̧ˣֶ˸Ѭ¯ޥͷ

ޥڿϣϴ裬ѬѬ¯ϲǰ۳ͶٵĲ԰ף˵ģÿ
ϳ˿
ɩ~ޥ˵˵½˵¡
ߡģ˦֣㻹˼ᣡˣ½˵ž͵ˣ˵Ҫ񡣵ֱģＱݡŻᶯԽ˸⣬½˵ҪӲƳˡǱߵţͬˣԼ˳ӡۿһˣ綼ûӰ˯žǰ½Ҵţ˵ٹգҪڼϸ´˵Ҫһٸ½·

ؼطޥס˺
ȴӺ˿ڲ衪һ˵໰ɤӸɡҲǾҵŮ¼ҴҪӭȢδޣ͸ո¼ɼ˶Ӣǣ¼öСʶ֪֪׵˼ҡ˼ҵŮֹɶˬûŤ
˺޺޵֪ôšﵱű˵Цÿɿģȱһȥﵱּۿסˣ

ޥˣҡ
˭ܹң޺ָԴַ°һģһ⼸ûһ˯̤ʵģÿʰ˰ٱ顮ûСС洫˵ˣﱾڷǰأһӾˡ
ޥ룬سʱץżҷɼʱʱߣ͵ء
ǿúˡ

ǻˡӷ𡱣̾˿˯̤ʵˡ
ޥڨڨɩˣͷҸɩӺͻ˫Ь
ģƽ飬ʮ˫ЬҺֶӣԲҡ

ȴ˶·˵ʰûУ
ӣˣͷء
˵·˱ˣϺޥæ¿Ьޥڼ·èһ㣬æңЩѬ¯
·ˣһͨЩëëŵģʱô½ˣ






8.   8    ֪

8 

ϰѿϵλøţĸŮڿ˵Լ׵Ľʡ
·ҲһϸޥһΪʹݹ᾵ġ滰һתҰοƵ˵˵ϱߵĶ˼ңϲġ
ɲǣ˵ϱ˳ЦǱŮ˴ֺء

·ﶼԸԼĺӽģЩءô˵Ȼ̾˿ҲǣҲá
·£ޥˡ
ˣ䣬ȥѿռĸŮϱȻãվĸŮǲһġ

һߣ·˰ѽҲ򷢳ȥԼȥޥͷˣŻҵ𣿡
ޥͷˣ˵ˡ
·һʱۿǸõĺӰ

ԺޥףҵرġСС;֪ޥдţͶùԼССδޡģģƵġˡ
ʱޥһܷ˵ٴҾȥ
Ц

Ҳ֪֪׵˼ңǹĽ飬Զˣ⽻ҲûϾҵ˱ǰ˰֮˵Ҫף¼ҶȢŮ֪ûŮزˡޥסˣͳ˻ҶȢ¼Ů
ҵŮ˵ҲԺӰԺӣһھӣһ˳Թࡣʱ򶼰˴տϵҲͬһ㡣Ů޹ȥԷǵһ㿴ģá
˭֪콵úõһˣôûˡĻȥˣҲֻܱסһ

˲ᣬȥޥȴҲЩ˸Уʮ̹Ȼ·һֱǵķ˵˵˵㶼˵ʲôˣ
ޥԼ˭Ҳ³Ҹ˵Ҳû˵ʲô˵˲١
ѻĻ·ˣʣǰҵļױ𣿡

·̾˵ֻľޥͨͷ
ޥ΢΢һЦµġ
·ֻ̾öԲ㡣
ޥ˵ôᣬǾȵĲҵδ𣿡

Ժ⻰˵ûйϵˡ·˵ȶ㣬֪¼ңûжԲҡ˵ʱ˻飬һھʹӦˣ಻ˮġ
˵ţȥޥɫ
ʮޥŮ黳Ի飬ҲһЩ˵ģڸ

ޥȴ˵֪ԭǾ˲ܱ壬侮ʯȥžȥġҺѻˡҾǸܺõˣûԹҲ֪¸ҡҸ˵ףҪȥˣҪТ˳ţɷءǸܺõˡ

·ˮãô㶩⺢ӵԿġҲǸô˰Ķô᲻á
һޣޥοҳû˼ûͦõġѿأӵѣǹڲóġŸͷɺˡߵ˺ͦģ˵ܹõӡ

ߵĺūԴöһĸ̻Щòã˴䵽ﶼòò·õġ
ֻΣǸˡһţ
ĵŰػ̾˵£۶Ż¡
仰·ϵġƾǷ޺ͻҷ޵Ľ飬ֻҪ彡ȫ·ˣˣҲס
ǣǡ
ˣǼ޸ʲô塣վˡ

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˵ĹŮʮĶ֪˼ˣɵŮǹŪҪ˵塱Ǻֵ֪ģ˵顱͸ûϡ
·˼˸УҲҡ

ȥᣬת˻⣺½˺½ҹӣѾϰˣһҪˡ
ޥޡһ
ɵŮδźͷ죬Ĳһɬ֮ⶼûС
ǰ硱硱ʱҲǺ֪ߣֻЦϰΪʲôʱ򣬲󰡡

·˳
ޥͷ⼸죬㲻ӣúõӣúøĨĨ֡úߣҰ˼ջ
ޥһˡ

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ˡѰĿжҪ֣ʿģòˡ
ޥĸγӳƴƷİٻⱲӴԼֹڴˡ½½ʱνͨУҲƷຼŵڣ׽ʿֱ°ٻСʮͷδǰ̲°ٻɱȵġҪ˵ĹڶƷͬҲҪĹһͷġ
⻹ֻǸ˵;ǰ̶ѡҪ˵ຼ½ңǿǼĵ̣ҡ

ǳŵڻ;ǰ̣£¼Ҹˡ
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ޥôֲǲ֪¡
·˵ۣ֪£֪һŮңǹƥܳɳȥ
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ȻҲһޥڵģɼǴһҵ죬ôݳɸӣ
ޥû֣·ȸɵһӣ᲻˵˻
°ٻֻ֣ͺãͺá

˾Ʋˣһ߿÷
Ҳ·˿ųģԼŻĳϱòˡ·ҲֿĸҪĥϱϼ޽ֻһһĹ˼˼ڶ·˱һ̺ĸ
¼ҵòܰ

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ֻ·˶˵ˣɼҲûս׵Ȩֻһɡ
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ԶԶԣȥˡ·æžٱ
°طޡɡɼӡ
ޥһ˫ģµġԺҸûйϵĸ֮ý֮ԣļңļҡ

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½ӱ۾ʱޥסкȻĸо
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ʮģ񼿪
ⳡ׷ãã̵ĳѩУ½ײޥ
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9.   9    Ը

9 

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¼ҷֻӵĴӦ

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·˱㽫Ժҹʹ˿š

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һ˵ȥúã⿪Ľᣬ̤̤ʵʵܼİˡ
ֻޥԼ벻½ҹ½һꡣ

½Ҳ벻ɷǸһ㿵ʵĸһıҲôϼ
½ʵʮֲԸµġ
Ľ۶ٻҵŮ˵ȥЩϣܾ˵˼²ҪЦ

ຼ̼ӵɷžЩǰһڡװĸ塰áȥݣžۣΪһܡ
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ˣŮ㲻ôϸ

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½ȴȫȻһˡĹӣϷŵڵŮӡͨɺɣ˵ޥûʶСˬ·ˣԽذ˵ˡ
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һתȴޥɵվšƽʲôÿʱðʲôɵأ·ҧЦųһޥ䡣
ޥվ񣬺еùؾأ̫
ֻƽ첻µزµľͷȥˣ·ơֻءûװɵӰ

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ȴϣ½Ҳڿڿһۣ½΢΢һЦ
һһЦŵ÷·
ĸʵ̫һޥδֻ꣬崺硣ԻãʲĪţ˲ŽӲһ̳Ц¶ʶرҲЦЦ

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·ˡȡһû뵽ôѩˣһ·Ͽɻȵɣ
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á½ᣬٵƽֻ·Щһ·ƽ

½һĹ֮ޣԾʵûʲôͶ̸ֻЩ·ʳ˵˼䣬½̧鰴¼򣺡ǻϵʱڲãѿʲô羰˽ƣۡ
·˻⣬æһ·ۣЪЪԺ˵
½ף߶ˡ
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½ҵ͸Ǵ룬ɵؽ½˵ԴĹƷ͡½˺½ڴμϢ

Ѿ¼͸Ҫˮ˲ַ˳ȥ½㿪ڵĸףҸˡ
깴һЦԸȢ¹Ϊޡ






10.   10    

10 

½üͷ˵˵ġ
˵ù½üδ뵽ĸ׾ڲҡ˵ʲô¹ֻǹŪһΪǸĸҹ棬ŴӦĸסⲻ

뿪ǰ½ĸ˵ˡҪѰСĶ̴ѣԹˣˣƢ½˱ԡûۣǿŤĹϲ𣬻ǲҪǿĺáΪɽǰͷԼĻա
½ҪСŮ֮ͨãԶס½˵졣
ⶼ½ͬ˵ġ

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˫۾ˮлǣĶ

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½һЦݲȣȻɫãѵĸȢΪޣ
½̾㿴һˣŮ㾫Щ˿ɻô
Ů¾͹ˡ½ν˵ֲȢˡ

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ҲΪ
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֪ͼĸֱɶס˵ˡ½˵ĸףԭǸ׵˼
½˵ɺޱҪĻ£
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°ٻʶǣǾ½Σ

곤ЩĶӻû˵ɼѾŵҿ̫С
Ҿһ㶣ޥǳԾ̧ͷ
°ٻɫһ࣬ʣô
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гĬƬ̡
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գ½¼ǼԷȾƣ·½˵Ȳ𻰡
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½ŷˮ΢΢̧ۿ½һۡѾߣ¼ҵ˵Ҫյ̫ڵģ˯Ҫġ
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11.   11    

11 

ѩȻ󣬵һҹδͣڶװع·綼ӵһ塣
ܾʵƶȣݸһǧһǧɰٻӵǷΪҪ١
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͸ѩͣˣҲͦÿ
½ȴڼоʫһ֦÷ƿһͼɫ

͸ڿڣ˼ˣǻݪŪݡʫԵôū澴ִֿ˼ۣûʲô÷ûСǹԺﲻ٣ɽ髡ӡС
һ֪˼˲ţŹӵǰѺ֡
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½˷Ŷǣҡͷ̾

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·˺½˶Ц¾㶼ʮʹࡪ˲Ϸ;ֳرȤԯޣҸͬȤĻ⡭춼˵˰
ڶǵ˼ҵĸӭľҲ࣬Ӳת˻⣬˵ʳ˵һˣջǽ˵˵˵ţ·˿ţޥϡ

ȥҸ˳纮⺢ӷҪɩһ³࣬ǰҩġûһ֪Т֡·Цɩӣ¸Ҳܴ֣ﲻæ
½ȴ΢΢ڿڣʣޥֶŮƽϲЩʲô飿
·˵ЦԽһ¡

û½ڳޥĪĽŸвˡ⣬к˵ϲЩӣȴҲ֪ǲ˵ģֻܹؾصػش𣺡ǧŮŮЩ𾭡
־⻰ƭ̫ǿջ̲סһ䣺żҲЩʱ䡣

ⲻٶɵĶҲǡ顱½һ΢ӣٱʲôˣֻޥ˲⣬ȫҪĶϱ
ƫɷµģԸġ
ǽ˷ơ

磬¼͸ү˵½ȥԣؼ÷ˡ
·˿½ɫ΢䣬ﰵ°ٻ˵һæ˷ģ⸽ɽֶȥ˵ģûޡ
½ǿЦֻ߳ůд֣δѩ·˽½ҪΣ飬ֻÿֱ˵

·°ٻкʹ½ȥԲ̫ã߶Դ±Ϊ⣬Ҫ֪ޥ˾ϱСŴȥˣ½δ̫ˣο½Ѿôֻܷ꣬ģҵҵڣϲ£
ҲǾŮӣϰЦֵҲһ𣬲¡

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ޥĸɩ˵Ĳ½ģȻĸɩӶû£Ҳò졣

һŮǻӦ꣬ࡣ
˼ɣ߽Ȼͬĸ˼վҵ˹ͬȤҶơ
㿪һޥ¼ϱ½ˣһ½˵͸һƱ㲻Ӳһ⣬˫һ

½ţޥ·źˮϸĻѾ߸̿ûнŮӵ㣬Ҳ̤ʵТ˳òüֺʵҪϱֻǱ˼ŮĻʵҲɰϲ  
ֻ½۹ߣȥܹüҶ˼ҵŮȴҪ;͸ֱ֮Ůȥ
ɷֻܼϣڶԼס

Ƿأ½Ȼˣ½ڷһӢɷ鼫ã½һ
֮ʱ½硱硱硱¼ҲһԡһԡغţʱЦĿнȫȻͬˡ
Ůߣ·˵һ첻½˿ڣǡ½ȴоȥгλ˸£ż߶ײǿЦЦǰһոˡ

Իط·˽ǵ˯ţ컹ʲôû˵ôģѲɿ
°ٻҲе㲻ȷܰɡٵȵȣء㿴½˴˶϶Ƹ񡣡
˵˵⺢ӲģҲŵÿ˵ԺҲѧҲ˸׵ȡ˵ﻹȥߡ

·յԺǰк˵Ҳû˵һ˼ȥԣҳ½ɫˡѵ°ٻһתֵúõĶӣȥԱĵģҿǵŮ
°ٻЦ˼ǴŲŲģҷ㣬ǽʲôһأĪ

ǰ°ٻɽֻǸСʱ򣬸Ϲǰӡûˣ·˽°ذڱϣһ/ǹ߸ɱûѪ
ʱǰٻ֪ˣΪ·Ĵָ
ǰٻ˹ˣҪŹȥ䬣ĸȥ·ԭΪ°ٻҲ°ٻٱ磬ûȥ
ĽݴϻϱͺӸȥˡ˭֪·
·ȴ½˵̬ȣ鲻Խظеǡ  

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ĸ׵ˣǶӵĴ½ϴЦ¼Ҳĵ̣һһľȻء¼ҸǸ䣬Ǻ֣ϲҳµġ

ʵ֪Ԥȸ֪ĸףĸ׶ҪӡѾţײǸʮ꣬вݿӥۼѩᡱġ¼˴ιָۣԶɽ˵ȥԡ֮飬°ٻһֶǶˣԹ
˵ûУ°ٻһĴȣǸһΣֶԸ
Ȼͬ⡣ûԼȻʮ־ˡ

½ȻãһӴˣв˼ҳ˵һΣ֮µġ
½Ŀһ಻ãĸס
֪ˡ½˰֣Ǵˣܲҹ㡣ãʽﵣĵòˣҲǿŲ·˺ֻҲҪ׵ģĵĵǰ

½̾Ҹ·ˣʵڽϻʲôģֻʶü֣Ϲˡ¼С㣬ֻǧʱͶ˵ĶȢӣԺͱʲô㣬򳪸ˡ

ûϵ½ȴ˵ѧˣѧģҵȶҲ˵ѧͷˣǻϣѧϣһܳǡ
½ᣬֳֵףǴ³ˣԺ಻졣
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½϶ǰɣ

½ʱݵƳޥ
˶Ƶİѿ̵ȹˮƵĽۡúõشĸԣȥʱĿȻһ˲񱻾С¹ƫҪڴǰǿװ򶨣ʮֿɰ

½΢΢
ĸסɫΪ˽ףǸ׵˼עҪ½ҽףĸ׻ǲҪˣｫ˰ɡ
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12.   12    

12 

·죬ڵ½˺Цޥ˵ĸɩ˵ǣСҼҵģȥɡ
·˺϶ʱһ񡣿ޥɵѾͷ˵·˵ȥǱߣ˵ѩ˲٣ػ½ͷȥˡ

ޥԭϰͣʶ½˿ʱĸƵĿⶢţȻ˫æӦǡҴˡ
棬һԾա仹šҲ֣С¶ûɴȤҲûһ½ңͱ˹졣

չ߸ŵߣȥүǡ
ѾͷмɫҲղĴ˾Ϊ˴ޥҵĽڡ
ޥ䣬Լ˽£һ£ʱﲻǻݴҲܣĸ׽Ҳȷø˵һߣȥҵǰɣ

˵ţǰȥ˭֪ûߵţԶԶر㿴½һ֦÷߹ӭ濴ޥ۾Ƶ
ޥֻе¶ȣѾµֿʼ̣·ĲҲӲЩ˳˹ա

֪ǲǿˣǺع˹ٿһĨֲڡأһɹµ߹¹
ޥվס½ӡ

½ʣ¹֪ĸ
ޥ˵ĸסɩɩһ˵ء
Ŷ½˵ҾͲȥˣȻطˡ

ޥʣǴҵǶǰ棿
½ͷءҺղŻ£硢
Ȼػ硱硱硱ȥˡ¡֣͸һǣޥϵȶˡһʣغǳȥˣ

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ޥĸױҪ˵ѩ·ǲҪҴš
ǿɳˡ½ȭִЦѾˡ
ޥգҲĸ˵һҸĸ˵ͷ

òҪ½ȴЦȥģմ·ϿһƬ÷ֻ֡մѪ÷㣬컻·ȥһˣ
˾÷֦Цʣÿɺÿ

ÿǴ÷ժ𣿡ޥʡ
֪û˵ǵط֡
еġޥ˵ǴǰиúܺõӣƬ÷֡ԭһãһˣûˣֻʣƬ÷ֻڣ˶÷֡

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ޥԵ޵Т˳֮ˡ
½ԡ
ޥգգۡ

ּԡ½֮ͨãعӳӶ̵ġҳ꣬ɻһԸ硣
ޥ׵ףǴЦĿкڴ

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ޥҲô£ֻǾ촽ͷôʹ˺ô½ڴĿУ΢΢ף͵͵غԸ硱

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½ǰ˰벽
˼ľرˣֲ̫ʧ֮벽ľ½üáŵĸӦþͻǵöˣҷġ

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ޥһ̧ۣ½üۣдЦ⣬һӱײȥˡǻͨͨģһҪƵģ̫ˣ
ҡңûʲôĵģĿİͰ͵˵

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δ䣬·͸߹ӡô˵䰡ȥҪˡ

ޥʣ裬ȥǱ߱˴ˡ
ѽü۽ǶЦ˽ȥүȥ˵ء
ҧˡ¡֣ǰһŮϲõı飬Ͳѡϲ¡ˡ

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ޥҲÿһü۴Цɿظ˸һƵȥˡ
½ջĿ⣬ޥ΢΢һЦˡ
ޥߡ

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ΪŮػߵöתȥŮߵ˻ǣȴ̧ͷ˵Ը磬и£˵ס

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ҡޥ˵ǰǶһ׵ġ
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º½˵

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Ҳ֪ûҡޥԹʲôҡ

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ޥͷѽЩҾô֪ǡҪǲ⣬£㲻ˡֻǰ½ǽţҲûлᵥ˵
úͲ̹֮ˣ֪ҷ紾ô᲻⡣½һ£̧޵Ůֻһ䣬ǶԺ󣬿ɻǼң

ޥһ˫۾ڰ׷Ŀ⳺ǼҺǼҵѾ˽ᣬѾ̤ʵˣԺ󲻻롣
½ͷʣöʱ󣿡
ޥ˵ɡ

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½ǰǼҡ㷭ƪˡοޥ˵ǼҲ޹ǣģºԩĶ࣬Ϊϧֻ˶ûˣõȴͣ⣬ԺǸúúùǡ

ޥһ
ʵ°ٻ½˵ʱ㺬ˣ½ΪѾȫûˣ½ʱ򣬱Ҳ˵ġ
ޥ˵˻ڣֻǡ
Ȼޥһֱûס嵽ô£Ϊʲô˾Ͳˣȴ֪˴߳񣬶ġ˵һɻţֻˡƺֵ
ޥûо½˳Ļ˵ͷ
½һЦ䣬طȥɡ

ޥǴԼ֪Ц⣬ԼԺӡ
˭֪һݣŵ˲ͬߵ㡰סһʹ˳ӣ룬룬ʲôô񡭡

Ц˵㵹˵ʲôѽ
ʹᣬ˵񡭡
û˵ޥѾӣ÷𣿡
Цǹ顣

ڿϣŪһڴƿƿббһ֧÷÷֦ѡúã̬쥣ˡ½ĸ׵֧
⣺úÿÿ

ߡۡһĴƿӣǰĶôûƼ
ѾͷԺʲôԴ֧۲ʻй֮󣬷˵ˣٲˡҸղ̷ܵġ÷֦ôСƿװ£Ҿͼǵôɹױʱиƿӡȥһ˵͸ҳˡҪģСĵ㣬ɱˡ˵ˣҪˣùһֱЬƿΪֹ

ϺޥɩСʶϵõͬ׽ãĸҲºޥѾͷЦ
ޥСʱȴ·ԲԴģûĸЩˣѾߡд£ֱȥ·˻·ߵĻȥ˵
Ҳ½˲֪֪ˣҪ̾һСС

Ѿͷߴߴޥȴ÷֦شǣʣģ˵⻨
үǴ͹ģ˵÷۵ġҲϡ棬ȥôأؽͻȻˣ
ȴڿڣ~
ʲô֣

Цү㻹֪ʲôʱŹˣ˵ŵģ϶С䡢˰~
˵ˣ
бۿޥ˵¹ҡ

ޥȣ˵˵û£
߱ѽ볶ȥҧ䡣ܿȻ򣬳ԳԵЦ
ޥһѱƿ㣬ȥӣӽ
ӶμѾͷߴЦ






13.   13    

13 

ޥѻƿŵͷôôÿ
ڴμ˵ûһ뾪һˣֻϲ߶ӷ𣬰ӷ𡱡Ȼ߰Ǳߵ˵ˡ

æÿ̽ӽɱϿҹ·ˣҪǶٲôỹҪȥġ
ޥ֪˵ʲôʲô·˼֮ǰͶˡʡõġ
Цŷӡ

ޥѾͷڴμ˵
˵ǲˣȥ
˵֪ǲүͷ˷

Ͷޥ󡣽ЩѾ˱ľ˼ңٵһ׼ųȥˡ
ߵÿ޻¼˶ɣȫ·ôˡ
˵ǸﻹǸý˵ġ
˵һ룬ֱ첻˵ˡ¼ǮЩţû˿ۣҲġȴǸòܲĵˡ

ѾǵģģûƮޥĶȥ
ڿϣֻ÷֦½ÿɺÿʱǺЦԭ
ޥֻȣȶһֱȵȵȵ
ŷȵգɢ÷ҧ촽Ц

ȻһĹ򣬻
߰·ƽɱŰ
˵ã˵˷šŻ洵һ·磬ʵʵءأдŮһ㣬ӭΪԵ

˵İ½Ѿ˺Ϲȫ⣬½գòӵ֧֣Υɷָʾǿž¼ʽö¡
°ٻ˵û½˴ȻƸ
ֻ½˵δæǰǸϲֻС

ɼΪСΪ󶨡
ԭ½˵˼½˴½һ࿴ӣɽС󶨵̣ǰꡣ
æԭ¼ҪӲƵ˿ףǰɴˡ

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½̾˿
¼ֻ̾æ֪̾վôŵڵŮȴȢٻ֮Ů
¼Сֽ֮ޥ½ͷϲ֧Ρ

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½ҰοòҲÿ
ˣ¼ޥ㶨ຼ½ҵ½ԡ

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ޥյˣǣ
˵ӦҵЬأֽһ˫û
ޥߺߣⲻæȿˣ͸
ЦʲôˣҿĶԼˡ

ޥգһɣ˸ͷϣҲͬ˵ˣ
æקͷüˡ
ޥ۾һգ
ȻСʱԲʱˣģ

ϿСӳСʱӣҲͤͤٹҪ޳ȥˡֲҾһٻءޥԺˣ֪òܼһءôһ룬ģ壺Сĸ㣬㻹ܲ
ޥߺߣŸ¶½»ʲô˼ŵڳˣô֪
ЦòУǣûأ첲Ѿˡ

ȥޥ˵δŲûϵֻǾҪˣ˼һٺ½Ӽ½ڽ٣½ຼ飬ı߶ûʲôǳŻڣϤϤǿһĨڵعȥ

ޥɴۣǲ˽ܣ
ˣͷһ£˽ʲô˽Ѿ·Ļ˽ɸֵشѽӱôʵ
ɵѾͷ޵Զˣ£ûҲ֪ԼܲӦ
ޥԼͷ˵Ҳǣ˵ԲҲǡ治֪ʲôǶԡ

ô˵ͶڷãڶҲܲȥͣ׻Ǽˡ
ѩŻˣޥȥ½½ӽС
ޥȥˣ֪·ϱ㿴½½Ŷ¯վѩżз紵ϸѩһ㡣

ޥͣס˽Ųվ￴ֱ½ȻתͷȻһЦޥ
Ƶľˡ
ޥһ̤˻УԸ硣
½мɡ

½б£һ仰ޥȡ
һޥһܲò˵ġ
ƫޥܾڴĿ⡣˫۾Ц⣬޴㡣ޥջỽԡ
һڣޥȻһɿǶ˵ĸоܾճ졢ˣò̫һˡ

½ǰȵŮЦЦ¯ݹȥôҲ¯š
ޥһЦҲ䡣ƻȥ
½ģȷûģűŮӵȷϷŮӲͬʣôôԺﻹʰĸͲĸ˵ҴŹȥ
⻰һ˵ޥ֪Ū֪½ͥԺѩ½͸æûᡣ

ʣͻȥ𣿡
š½˵ߵôæʵЩʧֻҪŹ꣬ʱЩš
½ĸʱŵףޥ
һ˳ɳ֮Уȴ½еھΣ·ҪСģˣ·ϲ

ǮûǮؼҹꡣӽأ·Ͻٵ¼Ƶޥ׸Ƕ߶½˺½˹ľµˣɲޥ
ʹҺĸȥϸǴ㲻Ҫġ
½˵꣬ȴޥһ˫۾˵Ƶģװ׵͸ˡҲȥ˼Ȥ

ޥǺȥ
ĸףŮ·ȴ͸пʺıСɿıĶ֡ǰ֣ܰҲ졣
½˺½δĸδޥҲֻ룬Ȼʵʵ˵Ǿͺã·һСġ

½Цסˡһ´μ滹֪ʲôʱδüĿƤ۰סѩ˵ôáߵתˣöôź
΢΢ͷȭͷڱǶ˵һ£Ц˻ȥɫʣƽʱڼﶼЩʲôأ

½ĸˣޥͬ˺ü棬ȴֻһε˵ĻᡣǺòףϵĸһ˵˽Ļᡣ
ǰѩ̣ޥ·ȽġߣɩӴְæܼҡһƭĻ˵ʵÿҪҪʱǴԡ

½ȵĸҲȥ𣿡
ޥѹûĸ׽̵˵ֻ˵˵ˣҲԲȥͲϲĸ׽̵Щɴ඼˵ˣǼң﹦á
½棿

½ӣҲ¶˫ĿԲĳԾ飬ʵںЦ
ҲٶװţŮޥҲûˡǰ½׽ŵĸоҲûˡЦЦġͤҵŮǹһǹˡҵҲѧǹ̵ġ

½ʣղ˵𣿡
ǰޥõĹҲ̵ġ
½룬ô˵ĸҲȫڲȷǻǹŪġ

ޥС㰾򣬴ûоʲôԡĸҪЩﻹͦĵġͷԵװװ˺ü죬½˵㲻ЩɷţҪ½ͺúøҪЩ£ɲû˵ֻҹ˵ꡣ

½ʮȤ
ϲ㣬ϲ۾ʣȴǹŪû̫Ȥ䲻½ĵزҲ˵ϲ
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ΨޥδӣҪٰüһˣҪЩ˵Ҫǲͬġ
΢΢һЦʣƽʱЩʲôأ
ޥ΢






14.   14    

14 

ôģϽŵ
ޥ˵ұ˵ʵģЩ塢
ϴ󾪣˵ˣ
ûСޥͷֲɵ

£ܰʱ̣δĿЦݶᣬޥʵϽҪ³ʱȴʶԡ
˵
Ϊ϶ġ
ޥЩԱĵĻ˻ȥ˵ﲢûʲô飬ֻżЩˡʲôֵúöģңҽиǰȥݳȥ

ѽһ˳ɳĳˡƣ˵ԺҪš
룬żҾٺãվԼҲһʲô˵ʲôˣӴ˾͹źʱڲһˣͶ̥̥ͶûĸСӡСӣദҲǱ˴֪֪ף޵ýĺô
ֻ⻰øޥ˵ſ϶ޥҲˣ׷ʣأô˵

½еЦʱޥ֪ԼӦԵȷ
½˵Ҳ鷳ֳǣҿǶƼ鱾ͷʹˡҲżһȥѰЩ˸
ޥʵãǽݻຼôԶ̫ʵɡǰԶĵطûԴȥһ˳ɳ˾ϵңԶ·;ϵѡ

½˵⻰ʱҲ˵󻰡
һأǸţ仹δڣߵﶼ˵˿ġʲôĶ˵ʼհСӿ
ޥĽ½־ãûҲûϵΪ˵ʱ򣬿϶Ƿĵġ

ľ͹ˡ
СʲôںںԷǲںǲġ

ЩϸС˼ޥû˵ֻ˵ѩ󣬸·һࡣ
ϴԴ˭˵˵˭
ޥˣ˵Ҳ֪ǵûϸ

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¼תˣ½ĸҲתůĲշѾӭŽ˶õȥѩʪ˲շĵذ塣
Ȳ½ֽӹԶ½ˡ

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½Ȼ͸˵ȥȡľĸ״磬Ҫۻĸס
͸ֻڿЦ

½ס
½ףЧ˾ˡ˳Ҳ˵ġ
½˵һ½˵ǰͷϱĸһ㣬ǧѣ˵ʲôһȻԺ󰡣û㡢ʫʳͣԼϵģʱҪҡ

ûϵ½ȴЦޥǸ˳ŮӣԺˡֲÿ״ԪֻǼң쳤վõأѬղ
˵ĸءֻҪĸ׿Ϸѷģ̵̵߽ܽģ
Ҫĸˡ

½ŭ˵ȢϱͿУҵأҪһӶţǲǡ
½ЦţĻ˵½˿ġ
½ߺߵģȴŶӵĻ˼

·ԭΪǿҪޥװ˼Ů½һߣѾͷҪҰ죬ܲر֪Զ֮󣬴ǰҰѾͷȻתӣ·˵£Զ׼رȴǰߴߴıˡ
·˽¸ɷֹΪȥ˳ɳأΪ½Сأ
°ٻЦ˵УС

ôţۣܿŮҲдˣǺ¡°ٻǶʵ⡣һֺƴ죬Ȼʿ׼ңҪ˵Ļ˵ŮҲǽʿ⡣

·ȴ̾˿
°ٻ̾ʲôʮľţĺѵ⣿
㶮ʲô·˵˾֪Ůǰ̣ȴ֪ţŮӼ޹ȥúòãжҪ

°ٻڨЦ
ʱǸκһסͤǵظԣ𣬸Сӡ·ԼŷҪޣΪŪúܽ󼸺ô
·˽ǹ̸˲졣
ǺˣȥʾãҵĹϵŽ͡

ܷӹûƫһ㣬ĸ׵ͷޣϱ̫ǿѹ˶һͷҹϵã䲻ҵңСȴѡ
°ٻھΣȴǸТӣ԰ԼһĹĸΥТѹ£Щ꣬·˹òġ
Ϸ˹ˣ˵µʱ·ÿңҪǸ޸֮ģ²ĥˡ
°ٻֻڨڨС͵غ

⻰ʶӡ½ֲﶮʲôǸ¸˶ѡ½˿ŵڣʿˡ
·û˵ʿôˣݸ̨ķ˲ǽʿˣĥϱ
°ٻ֣ܰɣ½˵ϸϸģŲˡ
·˳ֻ̾»ҧ˵ĹС

ѩЩСӵĺ涼ˣܿ͹ˡ
°ٻؼȥԼ˾ǧ꣬ǰլŮںԺԺѵء
·ŶϱŮط˰ꡣ
طЦʣ˵ޥﶨź£

¼¡·˾һ񣬼ټٵǫ飺˵ġҪǱˣҾ㴵ţǰĸ˵
·֮˵ΪطҲǶ˼ҳġ
ǧ°ٻӳľͬǾĳӣط˵ҲĹ֮ҡ

ط˵˷УЦЦϸʡ¼ȫҶڵ£ŮССѾ˹·ıס˻ϻӡ
ޥߵͨ졣
طЦޥҲ֪ˣǳѽ
ԼŮ˵ޥȥܰܰȥɡ
СЦޥ䣺ȥұá

ޥǰ潿ƤȴҲˬʲ飬ϲС㱻ĸ׾еϸö࣬ʮĽܵҰ˹ϵĲҲǹѡ
СıܰܰޥͣҲ棬ޥѽ㳤ÿ
Ƕ˼ҵŮ˵ֺޥϲ

Ůܿ˵һȥ
ޥܰܰôɽ꣬ܰܰƲ죺Ҳܰ
˵֪ԭܰܰһλýѪ֣֮ˤȡ˰ƹ۵ĵʿһԣ˵˷ˣȥĲǱˣܰܰ

ƽⷽҲ򵥣ָ˸λܰܰǸܵ󼴿ɡܰܰλĸʾԼǸиׯӣԽܰܰ
ˣ˵ֻׯ̫ýơܰܰ˵˵Ǹλȥֱָݣ߸ԶЩĸǱˡ

ޥĿɿڴ⡢Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ܰܰ̾˭һء
ԭܰܰǸ壬۾ӡط˽õĸףģ;Ҳڼ˵ûʲôλý㣬ȴǼصһܳĵճŮ

ޥͬȫ·°ٻҲûҡޥǵһθܵĸӡܰܰ죬̸иܵĹ֮֮಻ͬ㷡
½һˣ˿Ҫ򵥵ö࣬͵͵ĿڣԼʮˡ

·˸ط˵껰ޥȥС㲢ܰܰһȥ˺ط˸ǰ
طŮޥɴܰܰ˵ޥʮֿء
طЦأСҾϲѾͷֵǡ硯ûˣҺݸݸϧһӣû뵽ʧ֮磬֮ɣܣֽһźס

ܰܰʣʲô硯
СЦ˵ѽǰһףǼջʲôҲֻ֪֪㡣֪ģɵѾͷСʱɲ֪أ˵Ҫ硯ȥ䬡Ǽкѣʱ硯Ȥ

Ȼأؾûˣ𣿡ܰܰʡ
ط˵˵ǾºȫҶûˡ
ܰܰȻº֪ǰҲ˺öءﶼǲܣǶӶû˰ᡢʫˡڼƵҪѿˡ
ط˻ӻ֣˵ˣģɥ

ܰܰޥͶźС㳣һˣ
һֱȥǣдһŸޥЩǵز
ֻʧȥϵٺʱȥ׼ˣӣŷº㽫ʱйݽ¼ҹԶԶԺȴˡ





15.   15    

15 

ȴ˵½ĸӻصݣ½ʣΣ
½˵á
½ȴá
½˱ǺǶЦ

һžۣúó˶ٷ꣬ΧȲ裬½½˽¼ˣ¼Ҵ硢綼ȣԻЩ˼򵥣ദ
۹⻹԰ɣ½΢Ц
½ƨ׵۹⵱Ȼû˵
½Ťͷȥ

½˺Ȼຼ˷š
½üıһæʣ£
ĸʡ͵ĵƣΪãֻµɷΪٶȥ½㱻ĸлຼ檹ȥɷ

Ц̫ҪΪ½ҿ֦ɢҶȴ·µĸϢûСĸ͵ȥҶĸɷдҲڣཻܶ
ĸɿڷɷȥȴҪ½ຼҶʱ½Сһ뿪ĸף޵ûڵأҲԲ£ֿ¡½Ϸ˿ʵû취½һȥˡ

ֻǺ½ѧΪŽຼͩԺٺȥ½˺½˻ؼТ꣬òˣ½ϷʹˣԸ뿪ϼҸŶ;ǨƣֱҪŲܲ½ȥȴһҪһأ½˻ȥ̼¡
½һϷţüֱ

½һͽģ£ʹϽȥ顣
һģ뵽Ҫຼȥ½᲻á뵽ԼĶӱҪ̫̫ǰ׾Т乢

½˵и˵꣬ûຼˣѰˣȥԺѧ
ԺʢͩԺ½⣬ྪϲȻӦˡ

½ľʣѾˣ
ˡ
½סԼָǿЦĸ˵𣿡
Ȼ˵ˡ½룬һĸ˵˼ҲһŲݡຼˮ̫࣬Ӧⲻ󡭡

ʲôʲô
½һԺ£һ뷨½Ϸ˻᲻һҪ֪⼸½ຼ飬Тϥ£Ϸ˿ǰƵġ½ߵѾߣϷ˵ˣ岻ȥ
Ϸĸһˡ

½˺ݺԼģЦͻݣȻҲˣĸһຼ񲻹µįҲԵǲТ
½οǡ

ֻ½Ϸȴ˵µį
ຼĵط½һ˶½嶼ڡϷϤ˶ڴ˴̫̫˴Ѿܶꡣ
½Ϸ˽ӵ½˵ţǲģȴҲܷ½Ľѧ

ߵĸʣȥǲȥ
½Ϸԥ˺ü죬е没СϱǴ˼ҶƣһȰôˣ϶Ŷϱˡ㿴ķɩӣǰϱộŲܶԣȫϱģ˱ϣúڼǣαȥϱҡ

½ϷߺߵأվǲԸϤĻȥİĵطӻ˷ţض½ù飬ȴܾ˶ǰݵ롣
½˹˸Ϊĵڣĵصȵ󣬽ӵţֻϲ콵صƿ£

غϲã½ˣͰᡢܿȥ̫̫ϥ¾Т
ᡢܿǵ̫̫½˵İ檡Ҳܹ½˵ϲͳ谮ֻȥ檻檣ȴˡ谮Ҳͱ½˺½˰ŵ檶ȥˡ
긾½լе͸ˣ½ÿλȥ̼ǡɫ˥Ҳ粻ʱϷǰ½ҩ

˵ȥ½δãҪϥ޳檡½˿Ӧãԭ߳ˣҲ֪ϲáܵ
½һЦ

Ϸ̤ʵˣ½ﰲˣһ£½ҵѾˡ
˼ͺʣ㽫ڵһˡ¼Ůδǣ½¼ôꡣΪ޵Զ˵ҪѰһҲ¡ûдھ֮

½˶˶٣үһ׼ң¹ӵ
½ˡ桱һΪΣ
½̾үѡ˼ңغǶغֻվǼǲһ˼ҡ¼ҹֻǧֳ£үһ䡮Ƹϱ˦ָңʡģȴ֪ҶҪˡ¼ûҿ˺üգʵڲСϱôͷ̡ȥ޽ڣĿİġСӹߣúý̵˵ӡ

½ʣôΪ𣿡
½һ˦ӣүȻǲѣңҪˡȢϱʲôԺڽ˽ʣֻǴ©ЦȥүԼ
½ΪѣȴҪô˵

ֹ۸ˡͨ˵˼ңŮףǰҪӡҪ˼ҹӹ˼ֲ
⻰һſڣֻ¼Ҫ߳ŭ

½룬ǲֱڣӣ̧š
½˵̫Сɡ
½һЦ޷Ը׼˵ãȲԲ˵
½˾ÿԣͬˣǱ㾡첷һ¼ڡ

һ£һʮ£һ¡
½Ҹӽ¸½
½ѾȥԺջ£ȾһЩԥ̫Сҡ

½˰ڰ֣ѵҼԺңˣҼϱ½һܿɣ
ֵȷҴˣĸ׹ǵúǣСҼҺúý̵ʤ뱤
½еޥ׵ףˮ˫ͫȻԸЩߵġͨˣȻҲã֮Ǻúôǡ

½дڵĺ㣬һ⣬ߵĻţżйº½˵ĸ͸ȥ֮
½ǽʿֹȻеġŽޥ޵ϷҪԵϱ졢ͥ춼˵ֽԼҵĹίʮֿرϣޥŵ

дתôҲǫͣǰ·ըˡ
ʮûʮĵأֲǲ֪ʲô񻧣ҪͰ͵ذѹŮ͹ȥͯϱأ·˱꣬Ҿ֪ҧ˵ĹУһоҧһڣ

°ٻȴϥǣʵɣ˵Ҳе½ˣ˵ϸϸģѾͷܸǹͷ߽̣ͳС
ޣ·ŭĿ˲ɣԼĹŮԼܽˣ
½дί˼һվƷġ½˱·˽Ů̵òãҪԽ̡
ǣ·˵˺ϲأ
Ȼһڣ

°ٻĨĨĭӣתȦϽ˵ⲻʲô⣬ϻдɶˣ

°ٻʶ֣ǽĻŸġ
°ٻΨһĻţǸʵţһЩ°ٻˡʱ°ٻٻҪ˰Ŵ飬ű£Ļš
ţһҲŮˣ¼һ꣬Ѿ¼һҡ¼ҵĴܼң¼ҲɣŶ飬ʲô¶ԷĽġ
һһ߻øҪȻҷ򸾿

·Ҳŭȵԣҿ½һҪʲô۶ӣ
Ŷ˶ֽ¿Ȼ桱һ½˵ǹͻСңϧۼ˼ڣ½ԸóຼϼҵĶĶϵˮǹļױ
·˺Ȼʧ






16.   16    

16 

ĶصŵһͻȻ
°ٻգ˰ۣʣĶױûɣ
ûû˵ຼϵˮຼأ˵૵ƾŶϷһԵ˽⣬Ķصļֵ
°ٻ㿴ӡ

·˵ɫ侫ʡ
·иĲޥļױ׮ºõýбۺ켵ʣΨޥļױ̫ˡ
Ķ

ѾĶʯһʯǮһĶճɿһӣĶǶһꡣճɣȥ⣬һ굽־ʮǰľġຼϵˮ÷ǣҾһһʮɡҪױһܶһʮ˽Ǯ̫̫̫̫

ûĶĶˡ
ųģʶɵģ޶Ů˵ֱǰŮˡ
ǰҵ£°ٻ´ģĸƱǾ֣û˱¼ҵĵˡҪ˵Ŀ°ٻӶ֪Լҡ

˵ʲôӽǮƨ֪һǮѵӢۺô
ҪĶϵˮױһһٶӰܹ棬ÿٿˣⲻһ£ȸױǱһӣ

뵽ģ鷿˶뵽ˡ
°ٻ۰Ͱ͵ؿӡ
·˵һһ죬һʱҧһʱȭ

ǵľޥһҲ֪ﱻߺΧţ½ӡ
Ӳȴܾ¡ϴչȥţ˵ľͷǷ·Ƿֽ黭õġ

롢߶ż򿪣
ޥǴֻƿǡ
Ѿǡѽһôѽ
һ䣬顣һ֣ãҪҲţ

Цţ׷ȥ顣ʶ֣һμǣз־ʫмǻһĶŮڸϲǵȡС˽԰ѹ״Ԫ̻˵顣
ǹүġ̲ס䣬ⶼʺŮҿġ
ٷбϴ֣Ҫ㿼Ųɣ

ޥûĵ٩һʫ˷ЩöЩ
ĦķƤ룬ˡ
һʱ£ѩ۴Ц⣬˵ֳ鷳ˣ£졣
Сʱĸ͵ǵĸо˷֣һ˿˿

ޥǲ̲ס𣬽﷭ţȻף滹ж
Ѿͷ鶼ͳ첲ȥͳϻʲô
ǰϻӵݸޥޥֻ۾ĺĿ´ϻӣʱסˡϻгȹһΣһһԶ㡣

СΣصÿ
ǽСɣʺŮ˵࣬ԤЩԼǿĵģȷǳġ֪˽Ǯðġ
Ȼǿĵģǻӿ澫ɣδֹۣѶ١
үˡ̲ס̾

ޥҲǾˣûйµΣҪ˵ǳġЩϵ䣺ɩӣҸ𣿡
ɵӣδ⣬ȻҪաʳָţǰȣ˭ҲǾĶ

ǰĶС⡣
³ţޡȤء
һ֮ǰﱧԹ˵·˲ǹǹֻðӣŵ˵Ժһ˺ǹҪǹͷ׺źӧ

֮ûˡżʣǱ˵˾ְȻҪæֻܳŸдͶ
Ϊˡ
·˺˵ˣñˣԺͻ˽ͨˡ
Ҳˡ
ɽصҪǸ½±֪ôѡ

ϼޥȻ磬ΪʵӵСӻڵǣʧЦ£ӵˣ·ġ
ޥŷģϸ

Ѿͷһֱϡ
ƣྫϸ
οյģܿ͸ȥ
ҳôûôÿΣ

ϵⶨǽʽеĶҪߣһ롣˭Ҫܱȱϣǿǳͷ
ޥæϻӿϣѾǣǲͷ
ˡ

ֱ֡ĻŹޥջѹӲǶԾµĽ㡣
ըĽģɵԲĶϸۡޥѩκ죬һȥȫŮá
Ľĺ껪

˻ޥԴޥҵصֿţԺȴȻ̫̫ǰȥ
ϵӴȥ
Ǯæͷ½󣺡˺ˣܼˡ
˻¶ǶԽ㡣

Żȥ·ȴ·ڿϷЩĪ⡣
ޥȥ˿ɶ£
·һ̧ͷû˵ȱһۡ
ıǴߣ͸ֽŮü紺ɽһԽ˸⡣

·˱һ£ʲôʱģ
ޥĪʲô
·˵ϵģԶʲôʱģ
Ҫ֪ŮѾܾûдˣϣ·˲ʣмױԼ˽Ǯ·˲ܡޥǼСŮǴǮģô֪ʱΣ

ޥһ¶϶㣬΢΢ɬ½Ըҵġ˶٣뵽˵ǹ·϶ûϸҪȻô֪ӵ»һϻأͷװһϻ

˵ţȴ·ɫ磬ͣ£뵽ڳд½¶֮⣬û£Сĵʣô𣿡
룬Ȼ˵˿գĸ˵õĻ̰һϻӵĶ½ҵˡ

·ȴû˵ãǼ׼ˡ˵꣬̾һ
ޥĸˣ⵽Ǿúãǲأ
֪½һĵľٶȴ·˾Ի˵ȥү˵ͬˣǸӡ
迴ޥһۣƿȥˡ

ҵأޥʣʲô£
·˵½˰ڵĺһˡ
ޥѽһ飺⣬ôô硣
·Ůٸн컹Сأôѩ׹أ
ôҪȥ˼ҵˡ

ޥĸ׵ĲԾЩ
·˳³һ˵ҸոѾӦ½ˣӶ¡
ޥԾСȻ½ҾڣҲ벻ᶨꡣ
⡭ૣ̫˰ɣµĻңһûǰ

·˵ા͵ˡ
Ǽլ񣬱°ٻ¶ģһޥˡ
Ҳޣ






17.   17    

17 

Ծ·˰½дĿһһޥˣӣ˵㿴ţǼӦˣӦطһٱطȻҲ޸佫Ѿôˣͱͬòˡţǲ֮ŮʿӡԺ޹ȥҪӦģȫˡ

ˣ̲㡣ҲǸ֮Ůֶʶһô࣬Щأ۶
ұǲͬġ㻹ôСôңԶ֪ܻһҡ
ֻǡ·˵½Ҳг⣬½˵ҪˣóຼĶĶˮ㣬ļױԺճɣ˽
ޥæҲġ
ɵӡ·̾ɵѽ㻹

˵ĶˮͲÿٿعˡ
·˱˭ٿһʲôоͽıڣһӳļױͤҲǸԣѣܸŮټױ
ۿżױһؼ٣ֿǮĸо̫ˣ
ڹСʱ

֮ǰҡҵ԰ٻ׷˹ȥϰٻҵҲ¼ҺʵǺӻӣ޹ȥϱóôڰ


һºԭҲҸ˼ң½״Ⱳܹ¼޵Ŀ࣬Ӧס
ֻ߼Ҳи߼޵ѴԺԼúЩܲᾭЩЩޥپһ顣

ޥֻǲ·Ϊױٵѹѣʵ֪·˵ǲʲôе΢΢
·˰ѻֻҪ޸һСӣĵҲ˵ֻš˰Լô˵ûõġ

Ϊѣ²ĵġޥŹĽ㡪ССɣ¼Լͺò֪½˼ġ
½˼˾

ԼʲôҪ½ҵˣһ꣬ôǿüġ
ЩüŵĺôԺǱݡ
ŮڻܴӴݣ˵ף̫ѡ
½Ż£콵ԵˣƾǷû͸ޥѰôõһ׮

ΪˣҼ޾ˡޥȴں˵
ɵѾͷ·ʣ㲻ѽ
ޥӣе㽾˵ҿǵǹƥ߳ɳˡ·ϴ˺üأһһ˹ӣŵҹġ½ѵܱ˸һ˶秵ģ˵ϸϸʲôµġ

꣬·˵ҲšֱµСӲиĹѸԺܵģ
·Ҳò¡һ¸˶ѡĹֵǶܱһ޸֮¸˸۸ȥ

˭֪۸Ĺ¸ˡеǱĿʶ޴ˡ
ĸһ˰ѶĽڸŴȺ޵ĸˣĹûʹȵͷ

Щޥ˵ˣѱһԼһ˽Ļȥװȥ
·˳һֻȥˣز죬ʳؽԲͬ㲻£

ޥֽϣµֻ½Ц
ϸѩЦֽŷӷ£֪ô˵ˡ֮⣬ʲôµġ
뵽ȥ˽ݣտЦ۾ǴЦ£

Щ°ٻǰϲ̵ذһϻӽ·ˣ㿴
·˴һȻǵ
㿴㿴׼İɣǿջ°ٻʮֵ⡣
·ûǰ˵ͬˣ½˵ĻŰöˣĻһͬ½ҹֱӱǶĶˮĵ˳֪׼õġ

·ǱĵЩ棬Щ᲻ãޥδ̤ʵǰ㲻ʲô
һ崣¶ЦݣСĵذѵϻĦϻӣչŮδĴ
˿ǸϽ׼ֻһʱˡ

ڶ͸ģȴָ·һϲ
˿ⵥӡЦеصһ嵥
·˶һеĶϲᣵȵŮұر֮ͷһ˵Щ˶׼ˡ

ʱ䶨ô÷߹ھִ٣ԭǵĲԡЦ˵Ҽҷ˵ˣʱ̫ϣù𼱣ֻЩСǣЩıϲﶩˣǷ˰ˡѽŹˡҲģҼҷѾˣݵϲ̲УҼҷʹ˴ຼȥ򡣵ʱɹ
·־ϲԭ½˵ԹʱɢˣֻǸ˵ĺ׼ңæټƴǣôʹá
ڿһЦ˱ˣΪǹӺ͹úϲǡ
·ãǣǣ

½һʵƯ¼˵㲻·Բһˣޥǰޣţˣ˵ƵģµǸġ
νҪǽ½Ǯʮִ󷽡

е̵˼ҡ·˵ϻ˵Ķԣ˵ߣŮҪ̧ͷޡ
·̾Ϣ
ޥ֪̾Ϣʲô

Ժ󰡣úŵĽ̵·ͷ˵Ƕ˼ҹش󣬿϶᲻ϰߣߣôôѧ
ޥͷģҿ϶㶪

⿪ʼޥʮæµ
ȻôҪޥ޹ȥΪ½˽̵·ҲܾʲôҲˡǰܾûʱ䣬һֱڼˣû뵽ͻȻһʱ·˺մְֽܼҡ
½Ǳȥ˴ƷۣЩТšɷõЬӺɰңҲҪԼ׼ޥǰʲôʱܳȥ棬ʵʵشڼѧߡ

ĳҲ϶£ʱ򣬱ȥ½Щ顣
ϲйµģȥЩŮڸıӡ½ѡ飬µıʮʤޥýζ

ֻ󲻹ЩŮܻԭЩӹ塣ޥ˵Ƕжӣ󣬶Ķӿ״Ԫ̫̫̽ϼھ͢ٴ͸캱Ʒʲôġͳͳ
ǲȻҪأ˵壬壬Ѳ벻壬˿㣬վһˡ׼Һ
治ʹѽޥ죬Щ˻¸ɾͻȻʡˣźŸǸױ㱻ԭˡһҭסҪˣ

˵˵
ޥȭݺݵǣĻˣǴҲǻã
๫أ׶๫ֵܡϷ˵ɶס

׸ɳ¸˺ޣޥ£๫Ÿӣǰҹӵѳѳ򣬾Ϊ˰ռլҲҲǻӣŻ¸״Ԫصֻ˼ҲҪǻӣôںһغֻ߻Ůô죿ֻӣԹӲУŶô죿ԩôѩ

ͷʹҲ֪ǻӰ
룬СϾҪ޵ˣǵúúø˵˵
δ޴Ӹ޴ӷŮӼˣԷΪ죬ΪءίһˣѪأȻҪȿˡ

ȥ½ңǧҪǵãŮҪáĪﶪ
㲻Ҫ㲻ȭűĸȥĸˣ̫Ŵȥܾί㿴ĸףɲǿྡŮТ˳լ
ѽǧҪѧĸףЩͷ






18.   18    

18 

ޥϡ㡣
żĸ죬Ҳ·£˵ίᡣ
Ǳһ˵ܡܾ²ԣһ˵ίȫڰ֮ʱŵһݡྡ

ͷܣȥ·ˡ
·۾һɣûţǾͱţסˣñ˿
·˶ޥöˡֻǸɩӣĸڣŽ̵СӵΡ·ȴŽ̵Ůְ
ؾޥҸ㣬½ţԼ÷ӾҪĸģɷģ½ǸˣȭͷҶһë֪ˣ㣡

ޥɩ˵ĸѵ˾ˡ
·ֲˡѾͷʮأϾҪ뿪ң۵ʱ򲻶ˡ·һҲˣⶼΪáҺˣֻһֱӣ˻
ôˡޥˣǣТ˳ţɷ
˵Ļ·ˣͷ㶮ͺá

ĸ׵ĶŮ·һޥ˳ˣ°
·̾裺
ޥߵǸµǺþˣ嵽·ߣ·˵ֱڸ׼ױǸ˺ӧǹҲǷţޣҲ桭

ƨԹôģŻ½һǼҸ޸ǹ棿·˿ҪˣͿŸͿ֮ôΪϲǹŪ㿴ԣôǹأôһأΪɶΪᣬΪŮҵģ

ޥ˪Ƶģ˶ˣԴżڵϻȥĵ죺Ǳ֮ҰҪǵãܰ½˴аȻȳô
Ÿɶô̧ţСú㣬Ƕ˼Ҫӣѽѽһͨ뵽Ůȥ֮Ҫͷѧһкܶ಻Ӧίܣ·ӲӲġ

Ǹǹǲġ
ǸǹǸǹҵҵģҴҴġҵļױþʣˣҲǸ롣½ûˣɩǣǻɱɽġȥ½ܸ𣿡ʡ
ޥ𲻳ˡ
·˵ˣԭ֮ǰҪǸջǱߴҾͲˣȥɡֻպˣſŰۡ

ޥҪһĺӧǹõȴǱİӡôܸġ
Լ˵ˣùǹҲָСޥ磬Сһǹҡ˭󷽣˵

·һİȵסڣ
ޥһЩ¡
·ܻɹס죡ʲô硯硯ǹȥˣǰףۼû½ң½Ҳ˵˲⡣˼Ҳ⣬㲻ܵűȥңǰǼҵģ˵ˣӽۼٲһ֣զͼǲס

ޥϽҾһʱͺ졣
·˵Ҹǰͺû£㵽½ͺô죿ɹܺ죡
ޥϽӦˣ찤ѵ٣ɲٸ·˸ǰˣϽҸͷˡ

ʵԴ½ףޥѾûˡֻǴʱԺзȥ곤ɳСӱǽŭģ
Ȼ룬ʵҲúܺÿ

ֻǴ𣬻ʹ쳤վãǱĬأͰѻˡ
֣ȴû顣
ɳҴһ棬Сװȫ֮ɹ˳ΣòΣȫȻû˼ȥ⡣

ȻµδӢᣬ֪ʶϸģޥȴͻȻһʮֲõͷ
޸磬᲻Щ
ǹŪŵ˵Ҫһ÷ǹ

ֻͷޥԼ֪Ϊá
æԺĨȥȫȫرޡʱ̸ԼҪμĸ׺ɩӵĻŮӵı֡
ǫá

ޥԴ˳ɳһûȥ
һΪСܰܰʱ򣬺С˵˺ܶ࣬ܰܰǰģզ˵ñֻȥϱߵ˾ͽϸźÿҼһи˾ϱߵˣСΪ֣ٶֻ԰뷹óҲϷŮӣ˵ݵ衣ھĹҲֻǳԸ뱥ͨ±˵һ䡮ִ

ޥ½˵ȷйζſɱϸȦֻһ½¯Ŷѩģ
æܰܰ㿴ңңҵ㲻ִ

ܰܰͺС֮ޥͿʼؼٷ
·һΪˣޥ֪ԭίſֱϣڵԼִֵ̾Ҳãֻˡ

ޥҶԡֵĵĴʵǶġΪһ꣬ʹشܸ
ȥȹӽһ׶ڲסˡ·˶ɵˣôôࣿ
߶ŻҪðٲϺòѡ
¼һмϲ£¼ҵĴɰҪˣԭ͸ؼҶµġֻ·ǮĻֱüͷ

˭֪δʱ½ҵĽȵˡһĽ񣬿Ʒˡ
·;ԶЩֳʳ״棬үرЩôŵĶ½ҹЦе˵
°ٻֻ˵׼ҿˣˣ

ʲôױĽ¼ҷһȻǸ°ٻ̳ƣϷϯϡ
ȥһЩ°ٻ򸾵ģͳͳǸޥġ
ǽȼü֮ޥѶ䣬ʡ²Ǯ

ϱߵÿݳǶûİɣѾ̾
СıŪˣУõʱǧǵҪﻹҪӵģһҪųȹ±ŷȥһٳˣԷų

Ѿǣ߶⻨ƺÿǺÿֻɫ̫嵭ЩСҼҵģ͸ô̵Ĳϲ졣
ޥЩŵϣ½˴Ҳģ룺½˴Ҳɫ½˾ϲӵİɣϱ߾ġ
˵öԡüЦ͵öģĦҵϲáģӾܹ˳
곤ŮǶЩ̵ֱǼ룬ޥͷʾ̡ܽ

ֵ»½ҽһһֻϻӡ
ѾˣһԱһ౦һ֧ͷĺһһġ
ϱߡױ֬ˮۡޥֻӺСܰܰ˵ھǳϡû뵽ô죬ޥͼʵ

ϻﻹһţһʺ֡·Ŀʱ·˾͡ȡһӻ֣ȥûв𿪼顣
½ҹүǸзִĺӣ˼ҿйġ

Ȼ½ʮзִ磬ûʲôܶԵĶ˵ڽݵԺ飬ύѡֽ˽ຼ಻ͬ͵һЩеס
ʮֵع¡

ĩˣϴθɶˣ˵ٸ׼һЩ˵ﱸҪ͡
ûбҪԵԺȥ˽һӻأеʱ䡣

˵Щ׼ˣˮϵͨʮַû򲻵Ķʱȱʲôˡ
Ҫ͹ȣ಻Ҫڵۡڴæշҿǡ

ǰҲдšеȫȻǺ庢ӵ͸ĶҲǺͯϲ⣬Ӳ͹λΡˮ֬
ȻҲΪǰȷֻǸӡ

½ʵʵڽһˣһŮӣԼŵġ
ޥϻӣͷֱһ˿˿ڻˣЩżã㶼ˡ






19.   19    

19 

¼Ҽ˸ˡ
ɷ·˺ͻ軽ҵġѾǻ衱
ǶģҪޥ㵽½ȥ㷿

ԭǾֻͨ軧ѩ֣һû·ˣۼҡ˹򲻴ױԼš·˵
֪ͷޥ⸾˵˱⸾˻Ϥ

أҲ죬ͦá·˵һӣмԭһҵʮָɾǸˡ㿴ߣˣֻһ϶УۼұȲЩ󻧣ؼҵݸݸС߱ѾһˡʵҲģҼҵ򷢻ؼˡһ꣬ˡԭ˵ϣ̲ˣʮֶԲסԶˣ˵ҵģҿŲԺȥ½ңߣ¡

һӣʮˣСʮãٹ꣬ǶµͣԺõˡ
ԭ˵׼ޣ˵⼸£㵽ӣټˡҲǸġ
ãܵȡȥȲżԼס½վˣٸѰǼ£ϹµĶӣǼӡ½ִ壬ıվȣϵ̸ڣõúܡӣð㡣

һһ׵ģŪޥͷΡ
ۼҲûô°ôȥ½ңкܶƵġ
·ĵ΢̾⼸κ½ҽӴûȥ½ҵ͸½Ȼֻ½һӣΪ½˹檾кüء

ֻ檲檵ЩΣøŮ˵װССǽţٸŮ˸ҡ
ֻܰο˵õģ½ֻһӣʲô沶ûУʡġЩˣˣͿһ岮ֱǡԶ㿴ŵɫ¡²˵ֻԴ½ϣվһߣû

ŵúܣҪ˵·ܺޥ˵ҹ
ޥ۾ɵŮȥİĵطİһηһﶼǶ½ԡδΡ˵ٶ࣬ҲδýȥȥˣûҲδ⡣
統һҪ޸ǸӢ̫С档
·ЩǵĻ㶼ֻ̾

ǶҪȥ½ҡԺޥĴѾͷԺҪҪ͸
·ʼջǾòֻǸѾͷ̫ŮˣкҲͳȥѧͽͯ
·˼½ߵѾߣһϸƤ⣬ʮָմˮģʶһЩٻҵĹﶼ¡ҲͺСѹǡ
Ѿͷȥ½·˺ܵҲ½澵ˮƽǵøޥ׼µġ

·֪ޥȥ½ҲȱѾͷʹǶ½ҵģǶΪ½šޥôԼȫ֧ˡ
·˱ȥ˺ǧķˡطҲв͵ŮһƬĸģԼҵһѾͷø

һǰģū澡ǰҲǧС㣬ҲǾºˡСɹӣ飬۽粻ѾͷеġǸū˻ԭŸݸݸ׼ģû뵽ޥôҪݸݸһҪһ긣øɡ

СѾͷ·˴һʮ꣬װ׾üĿ㡣̸ʣһ֪ǺõģȫǽܱȵġǾأ𾩳ǣ˵·զ
·˶Ժط˸м㣬ؼޥԺȥݡ
ޥǸū澣ǰĹְءҲ÷֮ūˣĿʹˡͣȸߣ߼ˣҲÿԶˡ

ޥ˵СѾͷǰҲǹټС㣬䲻ܾ֪ºǣߣ˻ɣͬ顣
֣СѾͷ˵ط˸滨ﲻϲһ
ޥ˵滨ͦõİ

滨ͷ
͸ˣǰĴʹѾͷࡣ
طҲʹԭ˵ˣط˵ӴֿţԺˣ͸滨֡

ֻ̧ͷޥһ䡰ͦõġ·滰°ٻСľֺ
СҲʮģҿҲȺؼС˵滨ŵ˵һɣԭ¼ң㲻þġ

ޥȻһ档Ҳ֣ϳԼǻ㡣
Ϊū͵ıɣֶɼ
̾ҪҲӻһ滨ҲࡣԼʲôϲ𣿡
ôһ˵滨֪ȺС磬Ǹ°ٻС㣬ûġ
룬ǧ滨һ֦á䡯𣿡

ޥ۾Բ㻹ʫ
滨˵ﻵµʱѾ꣬ټʫѾˡںظطҲźؼҹ顣
ǿɺáޥܸˣҾͳûһأ½ǱߣұĲ£һӶˡԺңҿɷĶˡţͦãϲԺͽɡ
ϥл

½ҵĽˡЩޥĶ·һ㶼ûȫޥԼŽļױࡣ
Ԥɻ񴩵Ѳúˣ·˺Դ
߳Ǹȴ·˺ϴһ

ŮһŵȹͷϲСΣϼ򵥵һԽ㣬ӳĵϸѩ
·ȣ˵յģԼǸƤѾͷ
ֱӸ̾ĳˣ

·˵˾䣺ǡ
˵꣬Ȼ͵ˡ
֪ǲޥޣ㶼ΧοޥҲյģֻġ
·˲ȥᣬЦſ䳤ˣ񳤲󣡡
˵ͷҲ̫ؾ˰ɣ㡣

ޥ˵˵Եء
Ͳϲ졣·תͷ˵ȥٸ֧黨͵ǸأҲϡ
Ӧǣתȥȡ
ֻתȥвΡ˵ôͷ䣬Ź档

µףȢףޥ˶ɩ
ӵĻ䶨ˣ¼Ĵ¾ޥĳˡ

ݣ½˸½˿¼ļױӣôЩ
½˵ּҵױҲǿˡ
½ǰ㶫ֻǵʱɹױЦţҲ׼Щһ´͸ȥʱ˭֪Ǻءˡ

½˺Ǹˣ˵ǣô죬ӡҲǼҵ棬Ե档
ʵǶĶˮҲãҪϱױҲãЩ󻹲Ǹϱص½ҡϱԺӣ½ĺӡⲻתֶѣ½Ҳûκʧ

ֻӲǵƤǳϱԼͷĸˣΪ½ҡΪŶӸϱ棬˸ˡ
ȻȢҪȢͣɫǲǻ
½ӡ

½һЦ˻ط
еĸӭѹˣȻС͵͵ڳӵҩ
½˼һЦԡҪôֵ꣬õ

˿ڲ裺½Ұⵥ
Ͻ죺ҵĹ˵
ǿĽ֣½ˣ鼱ǻẰ
½ƿ֣ЦʲôֻҪ̫Ų½ҵҡ






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ɵĻ֮¼ҽһ֮ڵĴ£ޥˡ
ޥĶɩҲʶ˼ҵŮСʶġһ޽˵һգ·˲ءϺܿʹѾߺӼ˰ޥ׼ױ

ЩЬӺɰޥոβޥ֡ˣɰޥĸۼ˲١
ŮǾһߣ죬˵ЦҲһɺ

ϻ̾ҲҪߡ
ޥ˵ô㻹أǵȲӢˣźġ
˵Ӣǰңʲôܰæģ˵ʱȰŪҾͷ˼˫Ь

ѽ·Ӣﻹûţ
ڿڣʲôۼҵˡ֪أҪǰֱˣⶩף֪ʹˡ
ҶЦ

·ϱǵĿӴ顣Ǹϱº͵ţϱҲͶұ
ޥԼҾǸ塣Ϊ˱㶼ûôأͺֵġ

꣬¼ҿʼָޥʰˡЩҪߣЩûҪЩڼĸֵ롣
һЩľ·ɢ͸ǡ 

£ɩȴﲻʲôæˡæľǽߣΪҵԺҪߵĵҲæ
ҵĲϤĶʰʽߣֱޥ⻹ҪҪ

һߣأ
ޥæţߡѽһû˵Ҳû˵Ҫҵʣǹǰİɣ
ޥ֣ȥʲôѽҿ
̽ͷһһ£Ϊʲôԥˡ

գţľСޣ
ֲǮԾϣһӶǴǰ⡣˵һУʢޥͯꡣ
ѰٻһЩߣΪҵ롣ƫһ䣬ǡǰǼҡ߲ŷѡ

ޥһޣʣЩյȥˣҾ˵ôþûˡ
죺Զˣ˽ʰģԭ˵Ҫˣ֣˶
֪ޥӳɳ죬½
һģرӺͯŮһ˿˨½ϣԴǰİ֮ﾹҲûʹӱһֱڶңʰֱ

ҵĲ֪飬ֻʣǲ
ޥޣϲ¶һ˿ЦݡЦݺַܿ˻ȥȥɡ

ҵġһӾҪߡסȥɡ
ޥߴþãԺޥߵĴѾͷҵҲҪݸΧȹϲ֣ȥʰġȷǸɾ䣬̤ʵɻŮˡ

߱߳ޥԺӣӿһۡ
ͱȽСܸޥ浽һȥЩǰһģʱ౦
̾˿ӣϵԺȥ

ϸհѻ˯ŵߡӣȡѡһ
ⲻǰı𣿡˵»Ūˣһȥ͸Ͻ˵ҪͲҪˣ
óһ³ŤŤе˸Уûʹˡ

Ȼ˰ּ½ҹүȻû˼Щˡ
ô˵˿ӣҲ΢˸С
½ƵˣȴԶƶˣ˵ϻԶǰĻɽӵϲ
ǰǶమá硱Ūޥ˵öˣǱĬޥѾɵˣҲָо

ޥװȫ½ûеطɡȴ½ȻҲͲᱻ½ĴĨɱ˻µĺۼ
ֻﳤ󣬿ȴ˹ƾ˶ԡ¡ꡣ

յɡʲôоȼȥ˽ݣ֪ʲôʱܻһءЩǻ͵ģСҵѣ˭ƽϡǴǰͷԺˣóҲá
װԺӡ

ޥͽʰױϻ߹ȥ˵˼㣬˵룬ԺʱҲó
ŶŰɡޥͷҲûֻ̧ŷ룬Ǹһˣɱ·ϵɢˡ
½͵Ǹɫ£ޥòУ᲻óֻµʱóһء
Цĺˣϸϻӱ⣬רεģ¡

С۾أ߱ԼӣʰЩҪȥݵľһŽǸˣ˸ӣͱŵһ
ģû

ʱת۵˶£½ס
˷ֱһ̣һֱŽݣź½δޥźͻȻˡ롱ֵĺ塣
ѾĹͷˣϳǰޥٻͷ°ٻ·վ̨ϳճտ۲ᣬȻѹӿ

ȻΪʲô·ȥ²£
Ϊȥ˽ݣٲ߻ˡ˻û˸ʰƺѹû׷塣
ٻصĵط֪Ҫʱˡ

ޥ첻µزµĹȻ̡
ߺ½͸ֱۣصǰһȹڡֹȥ
ֻгڣ˵ȥˡؿͷȥ̧Ĩ˰ȥˣ

·ȥѾ½ҵ͸ˣĪޣϲء
ޥ㱻˳ߵԶˣ򿪳ȥܿվڽϵӰͷ˺ӡ

Ҳޣͬҵæ᣺ɶˣ컹䣬һСģˣɶѿ
ָޥĨӣһĨһ߰ο˵˵ģ㼰ǵʱ˱ȥݸ֣Ҳ߰˸¶ѣʱּˡ
ޥµ½Һ¼˵ã֮ȲԲޥǣԲ˵ãʱ·ȥݸŮ
룬ܰǰ뵽߰˸ºܺĸټޥѹ㱻οסˡ

¼ҵ곤Ķ°غһףõϸ˴ޥѾѹ˷ܣֶδ㽡
ʱ֪ķھЩʲô֪ڷֻӰ졣
ᴵһСϣ˱ꡣ

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ʳǣԷ
˳ԭڽĳ顣Ϊĳ˵䣬ƵԷҲפԷ˴󳯻ᣬٻصȥ
ʱԷ˻һǳ˷ּɵԺţڴˡ
ÿ˶ɫס

ţ㵹취˼
ţյ˫ۣЦʱۼСˣ
˺ȵţʲôʱˣǵĶԹȷ£ٲ취ʹһŰǧеٰɣ

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ۼҽ̱û̱ºѪۼ㣡˵űĴҵҪˡ
ʿǶڵ⣬ֻţеֻҲȥţĵŭĹˣһ̽¯͵سͷȥ

ϷŵǸʿڱŵ֫ſڵϣʧ˽˵ͷϰһ£ʱѪڵ/
һ֣һŮӵʬ
ϣŵֽŷĵʿ乬Ůʬ壬ѪȾĵשпɲ

˵˱˱ס㷢ʲô裬Żã
ȴ˵Ҵ
ȥģЦģҲɫҰײ֪ġ
ţ־磬΢΢Цһ˦ӣ߽ڵ

ڵ߹Ůʬ壬㶼ۣĿ
ţһ·ߵǰ
һ˵ʬǰĵϣϲ۾͹ͷ棬ҲĿ

ţ̾һȥ˽۾ϣֽ屧Ϊݡ
վڴߣˡ
һȨƣڴˡ
ãţ£ߺá

˳ʮꡣ
ʵΪѪԴ
ÿ̳Է乬𱩱СԷŮ̻̣֪һھзܶɱ
оŮء÷÷С졢淡ӡݺݺŵ۾֮ʱƾ˳ձС
һزɥگпѺŹ֮ʮΪµۡΪαۡ
ŭϭ£ָǣ𢡣

Ǻ淢£ʱԷﴫִţֻž˳ȫ⡣ֱȻŭͲҽУ̫ܿҴŴڵﻹһѪذס
ţ󣡡Ѿˣʮʵۣͬͬ⣡

ţʣ˭ˣ
ҵɵʮĻӣѾȥˡֻʣ㣬ͬⲻͬ⣿
ɫִذȴҿ
ֻЩ˶ֻǻЩǳţǸ֡
ڽеǿţ󣬵˻ʳǣ˭ҲȲţ

ܳԺ塢ѫˡգ¡
ԺᶽԺ£ҼԺʹ˴Ժߣǧ· ֻԻʵһ˻㱨ּʵ£ŷ˾д֮¡
˳һ֪ʵɨƽ˶֮ˣ˶ٷԵԺֶοңо˳ۡɱŹĬԩٴ಻ʤ
ۻҲãѫҲãٹҲãźһԺ£ţĪսսɫ

ţ󣬱նᶽԺ£׳ƼԺ˳ƶԺ
а˴̫ϳư˻һǣȻһǱɵְ˻
֪ҪɣصţͬⲢ롣

ţȴü۲ֻ˵㣬ĸС
ˣڵõϢĵһʱ䣬ѳͬķλɳ˿
ʮӽ꣬ŹǸŮˣЮҲÿЩʵǵĳǸɲɡ
ţ֧ע֪һ֧ƽһǴ
ţи̾ˣ룬ΨСƽ






21.   21    ɳ

21 

ݻ, ɳȴѾһƬɫЩ֦ͷĻѾʼռ˴ʱ
, ӭ治ʱ߹ηѾ˱Ů
ЩԺŮƤ壬ԽŮӵȹҷأ´, һ׺øᡣ

ǶЦŸһЩڹЩԺѾ, Ҳ׻񡣵²ͣ, һ·Ĺӵ鷿ȥ
ʧıӰһŮ΢΢̾
һʣˣ
ŮƽӢΰÿ, ֪ϸ˭õǃء

бăִŷ߹, һӳ˳Ůǡ
˸ġŮ֮ȻǶԃʮֲ·Ȼֻɨĵͼ, ˭֪᲻סһŮðȴַɻڴֻ۸СЩ, ðĻת˱ĵλߵăء
ŮҲ֪ʧԣæֱͬ, Ҵ߿ˡ

Ĺ鷿һüĿкӣţӰ, һЦӭ˹ƽ磬ڵء
кӽСò, ֮ǰСѷɫЩҲ֪СĹӵʼ֮󣬲ֵС鷿ź

кʮֿСˡ
СϹЦڵظӣƽ̫ˣСǡ
ͷżȴãС鷿ҲˣûʲôֺˣʵǲС޹֮ǰСܳ衣

鷿ƹ񸡵磬ӣ첽߹鰸ǰ֡
ĹӶʮͣв֮꣬òʮֶĹӸФ游˳ۣŵ͵Ļʼ˵üģ
ĹӼ˱ʣʣΣ
Ҳ

Իͳһҳ˹ȥ
ʵûġ˵֤֤
Ĺϸؿţ˵򲻿죬һҲСһ©ҴȥͿǰ
ޡ
ã£ҷġĹѾһĿʮеؿ꣬ãϣվ߶𣿸ѰԼҡ

ȴ˵ⲻ
Ĺü
˵ˡ
ĹӹЦ
ƽƽĹ߹Ļļ򣬡˵˵㣬ˣô㵽

Ǿǵû㻵£㿳ͷ㾻
Ǹ˵˻ģô˵
ĹӻᡣΪĹӸ߸ϵظӣЩ֮ٵˡԴȻΪŵǻʼѪˡ

ƽ޲Ѿϰ˺ū͵֮
еĹӷϵֻЩȶȣĦĦ
̧ۣǰСδɣղ֮ʱߣҲһСˣĻȱˣǸСˡҶСʱǿ׳򲻸˵ȴҲΪӸһǰ䣬ʶ֮

ĹӵڴӻļϷ信ߵʱѾǸ峤ɵ꣬ʵкᣬҲģĹ˵㲻Ȥ
Ǹʮǿ֮ˣĹо˳֡ǵ㴲ʼСȤ㲻ʲôûҪΪǿʹʧġ

Ĺ˵ģҪȻҪöˡ
Цףתֽҳ򿪹Ŀһ飬ʣ˼ˣ
ʮжʮжӭ˹̡

ߣӭܾˡʥ˰ѪģⱻɱӺģʿ֮Ұɣġ
ǡо˺Ͷһͬ˹̣ǼҵĶӻûгף̧ؼңѪˡ

Ĺҡͷңңң
̾գʣ¼ұ˼
ûС˶ӭġ¼ֻӭñ࣬ٸںȵ
ǲаֳǲ̫⡣ĹӲ֮ʧˣüƬ̣չЦʣƽأ

ˮĥʯש
ȥõʱЩֻǹԩġЩ˵ıʹҲ˴̫ӭεݡ

ӭǺպİ˻֮һ˳֮֮˰
ټ˱صåƦӷˣð졢ƥУһ֧Ҿ˰εߣ֮յʿ˰
⡰ҾѾȭһةˣһͶ˴Ρ
ѹμ棬˺ǡ

ôأȻ̫ް취
Ĺı飬Ĳӳ檳ϵʸӭΪ֮¶ѡ
˭Ҳӭ
ȨĴ̫ࡣ

ʯذ壬Ĺʡƽأ
⣬ƽ֪ĹֻĴ𰸡֣˵ǣ¼ʩضֳġ
ҧˡض֡
Ĺ΢΢һЦ

£С̡
ĹӵܺãСܲġҲЩһ˵ЩƤһܵطĹӴ¶ȣ鷿ȥ

ĹС½ȥСôû
СһȴҵĹӵ¶ֻѾȥСҲǲŻظҪϴһٹġ
ҲǡĹѽɾġ

Ĺӿ齣ŴС˻֣һſһ
Саޣȴ̬ǫСϸµػ¯㣬ַᣣʵ˳ȥ

뿪Ĺ鷿ӭССѾغ磡
ͣ½Ųȥ
СǳЦݣӻҡ
ֻĸ֣ӻΪλ£û˵ƽʱֱͬһˡ


С𲱾ڴ΢ЦƤԵر𪣬Ҳÿ
СҲڴɱ꣬ȻͻͬûкᣬС;ġ
Ŀ̹ȻҲƽ΢ЦӶάֲˡϵĹʵǿСࡣ

ЦݺȻɣȥ
ͻֵܣҲУһƹˡ
վƬ̡
ɳĴů¶ȻȲĹǰͷĦĵȶȡȶû䡣
ص˵򣬷·ʲôණȻ첽ԼľӴȥ

С鷿ûСĺźŸӡԸӵСһЦ̤鷿ƹ磬㿴üĿСʰĹӵ
С̧ۿС߶ײ㷺˲̫Ѻõա

Сû˵ҧ촽Ƶ¶ȴŵϡ
СһЦЦ꣬ϵȻ鶯ߵǰغӣС
ãԽ˵ġ
˫۾ǻ˵һ

СʵģС˫۾ΪСôˣӲˣĹӻû
ƫǣСôѧҲѧġ
ֻܿСÿ˽ȥ






22.   22    ԰

22 

Сҧҧ, ߵ⣬Ѷȥ
滹һȣһ, ΢ģ
ĹӲسС˵Ұǰɣ˶֪ҡ
ĹҪô˵ĿС˵С͹ڵлˡСȴЦܵϴϴɾͨһ°
ĹӲ֪һʲô, СȻᾪһܿ, ЩģģСϤˡ

Сһ
˵СǰܳˣһʲôرĹ, Ҫѧһ־ͺˡ
Ƭ̣С, ʵҲôһ¡ʵûСжڲͬ͡

СƾԼĹӵ˽⣬ĹӵвӺҲô⡣
⻹治СĴĹӵȷǲ, ˣСÿҪ߳ʱ, ĹػС

ССҪ֮߳ǰ°Žŷɿܻ鰸װæµʰһ, СбųϲϷ˹⡣еĶ, Ӧһߵ˘ǰ
ƵƳСһۡ

СһЦǵû, øһЩСͦذ׵ؾֱ߽ȥˡ
Сᣣſȥߵǰʱ򣬻СôԶ˻, Сùġ
Сƹ磬š

ſڵС춯æӡ
ĿĴСǰǹ⣬Ӱ
ŵԼ۵ֱۡŽС֪֮£Լֱ۲ϸʱǼù

ֻϲǵ
Ժ󣬴Ųٻ˰ɡ
С˹ǣһ̤СˣŹغãĪ˹ӡ
СæӦˡ

СصԼľӴͬʱҲǻľӴ
ԻĹӸǰ棬ȫԼռһˡСƫţϸֿǰɸһסһݡ
СӴǸܺõ˵󡣻ˡ

Сű㿴ԡͰðŰˮڴأһ鱡ԲĥʯĥС
ҪϴѽСʡ
ϴˡȴ˵׼ġ
Сģ֪ң

½·ԡͰ죬ȻϵЩۼ
ԡϵ¿ϡüͷȻ߹ȥСĿӣʣôôѪ
ǸСһˮ˰Ĩȥˮ飬Ц˵£

ССΪŹ˵ģӦˣôѪ
̧һ㴲ϿЩɫҩۡ
СһЦ֪㡣ϣ˰θɵҩۡ
㲻˵
С첲ԡͰأһ̣Цûб飬һûе̳ľż

Ƭ̣մѪĿӻصϣҲãʹʹ
תȥĥԼĵ
ԡͰﴫСŴЦݣԡͰ￪ĵϹڡ
һˮ
û£Ҳ

ƽ磬Ҹ˵ĹԺŲˡСЦԺֻܸˡ
ʣ㲻£
մԺʱ򣬹ûߵľ顣ȻҶ̵޷ǾĹӶĳ谮
ʧȥ̣ȴһĲں

ǲǻ𣿡С˵
ҺһūͶѣǹһ仰˵
ƽǲһġСԡͰ˵ǻأһΪԼҪءƽҾˡ㹦ôãʱҰļ򣬿ĹӺѶΪȲʡĹӵ۾ˡ

㲻֪ƽ磬µʱĹӵ۾˾һǻǵġСİˮֻ¶һ˫ڵ۾û۹⿴ңֻµʱ۾Żʱ֪ǶūͣҲһ
ֻǸƽȴбµˣõˡ
Ҳ뵱õˣҲ뵱

ˮϴУԺ󣬹ӲˣҲᱣ㣬Ҳûͱ㣬ҿԽġһģֻҪѧҶԽ㡣
С˵Ǿ˵ˣ
ڵøˡ
ϽѪĵطϽҩ

С˴ӡ
ʣҰ㣿
СûĲHĵطȴôæãԼǰԼġ
һ˵ţһ߷˻˻ĳˡ

˵ҪӸ죺ƽ磬СǲƨˣҸ˵㲻
ӣʣ˭ֵܳܣôСȥСĹӸǰˡƫҪӣ
Ҫʹ˷ų鷿ˣֵõ˵ҾͿ˳ۣҾ

ΪǴǰ𣿡һࡣ
ĶȻͣһ˲ȻһԴЩ߳ŭŲǣ
Сߺߵأ֮˵㲻ãһܵܣ
ǣЦҡҡͷ

СԴȥƽ磬ûԺ󣿡
˵ˣ롣
ôģСŴ¿㣬ʲô
˶٣˵ӭ

ӺСſңҲӭ
ƽ磡ӭӭ̫ˣ˵ЩˣҴӼų֮󣬾ôˣƽ磡ǲҲãǵڹٵģӭͰ׻һ뵱ӭƽǲҲ룿

ȴ˵Ҳ롣
СȻ
ӭֻǰ˻֮һ˻һǣһǿɵְ˻֪˭
ţСԥػش̾ƽ磬룬㾹Ȼţ
˵ˣʲôء

˵С·ǳš
С̡һһ·һʣʲôֽʲô£
ûϸѵɾУϣЩ˵ʹģôܵȹˡ

أСս˵ţǱµĵһҲ¶ű½֪ȥǲǣҪȻʳôڹأƾʲôͷƽ磬ҡ
Ȼ˶١
۸һֻӣȻ˵һûתͷţ
Сԥһ£˵ˣңһֱû¹
֧ӵֱ۱ڿС

СˣСҪ˵
¹˵ĻȫˣҺμöءμ˵Щ˺ö飡˵˵̫ˡǰСôΪԼһӾǸ˳谮һ㣬մմϲҺ㣬Ͻҹ򡣲¹˵ģʵб·ߡ
ߵߣץԼĵסƽ磬ǣܻɣ

֣һ쵽ףֻӡ
֪˵ֻڣȲˡ
С
ҪԳ˵˲մ֣˵ڵģȥɡ
С˵á
Ҳȥʲô֮ƽ˵ʲôʲô

Ǵۣ˿˳ˣļе뿪Ƭ˵ľӴӺ뿪
ȴиСڼеޡ߰ͣſġ
Сסһ߹ȥСʲôأСɵȶӣ

СͻСŽûãûʸ񵽹˸ǰȥֻźĴ̣ݸɵ/̡
úøɻ͵㣬ǸɵϸϸСȶӡֿۣˣֲӰɻ
Сôġ

ֻʱúãɵΣֻΪӸԡҪѧŹұԡ
ɵͣĽʹСˣֻЩǳ򣬵ʮ˻һḶ̌һϿ̿һһˡ

ǻСģæĨĨżû
ʲôأӴʲôѽСʡ
Ҫ֣Աһָֻ֣޳ǽڷָڶԵļ룬СֱгŵĶ
еĶȴǸˤѵޡ
ʹǰĺ

Сޱȥȴ֪ǰ޳ʵӢ꣬ĹӸǰƽĹ䲻ǵճȴү谮Ķӡ
˵ǣҴӼģǡǰġ
ӴС˵ôˤˣ
Сͷɵ˵ұżӵϸˤˡ

С֪Լǲǿˡ
ôһ˲񿴵еޣ¶ỳЦ⡣
һ˲Ǹ޾б

Сŵôסˡ
ָָۣظСӾûеˡ
ֻиɵֻˡ
ɵߵˣĽ㡣㲻Ըúøɣе뼷㣬ɵĶӡ

˿˵Ŀⶾһر¡
Сŵᶼˣݿ졣شһ񱻶׷һܵˡ

ʱ򣬾ԷĹŮǻս֣һһسıΪҪƴһ
ʱޥСĵ£δ󣬶Ѿͷû޺ţ³˵ŶŰɡ
ʱ򣬱˽ƽ硱ĻһŰѵѵ̤촷ۣŵ󲽵߳

¼̰˼ңôܲء
ҪӣȲȥˣȥ˵Ըȥ
˵԰ɣ






23.   23    

23 

ٴλصĹӸǰʱ, ĹӾüϢƺһЩ
ĹӲΪȻЩ˶ءУѪ, ȻЩ
ֻǾƽǺá
Ҫģƽܰ쵽֣ɸɾ

¼ԭûɹֱ˵, ҲǲɡֻҪӶߴ磬Ĩƽ˵, һΣΪӭ˳̫ǰ, ֲ¼ɡֻҪ¼һᣬֻҪ湻, ¼Ҳ¶ǷġֻҪųȥĳһʲôұ, ʲôûեɵʲơ
¼ˣ紵¼ҵ˵Ķ, ڱƲһģǱȥһ
ȻȻرˡ
ֻˡ˼ԩꡣ

ĹӶƽİؿ佱һ, ֻף˶ѡ
˵ʲôʼѪ, ȻˡĹƽ֮ǰĻЦ
Ц꣬Сȥ

СɵӦ, ųȥ
ҪȥƳƾĹӵ֪ƽĹˡ
ƽĹӸǰõ, ְʲôùӸ˵£ԺڹӸǰɣ
Сǹ飬ۿʹҪʧ裬ȻؾͰƽӲ˸ɸ硣
ߡ

С˳ȥҲҪˡΪĹӵĻţˣĹӱҪˡ
Ĺȴӣ΢Цɡ
Ҫ˵ĽŲֹסˣǡ

鷿Ҳ΢
ĹӽлµͨһƽƯһ£Ҫôͱǰȥźá
Ȼ谮ĹӣҲصԭһ죬ĹӱòҪλӡ

·ھݣɾֽ֪ҿá
Ĺȴǣ֪ߵýʹɵ
ȴһ⡣ĹһӪ̫ãܸżֵܵӡ⵱ģӶǲһƤģϣеĶӶͺġ

ڹ˼ôܰĹӴƲʱ򣬵Ĺ鷿ĻȻ̧ݵֱ֪Ӱſȥݸԩ

Ȼ
Ϊݸ;ݸ֮仹һ¸ΪݸӵΧ
̲ס˵Ȳ˵ݸ֪ӵˣ츮ԩھݣ¼ݸˣֻ֪Ҫɵô鷳״ӣǿ϶ӵġ
ֻὫ򷢻ԭػ߱ء

Ȼӡӵĵ̣ǽҵĵֻ̡Ҫԩ±ӲҵĶĿңһ̽֪ɰ¡
ĹӲţǴɩôҴɷ򡣡
ԻĿ

̧۾ؿĹӣʣʹӣ˽𣿡
ĹСȥ˽ɩӵģ
ôӿ֪ܲϣʤǲ
˻һ˶̲ס΢΢һƽʲô˵

еӵĸĸԭ䣬ȥѾܶꡣȢڵļ
ϼȻᣬȴһֱƫȴһһظ
֪أһԣУ谮Ĳҩ谮Ĳͷãֻݵ΢Ϊ
Ĺӵĸ

ĹӵüëҲľڻĸ˵˵
ǵԼģһֱٳֱǰߡ϶ᰮ޳ǡ֪⼸Գ϶ЩʲôֶΣ֪˳¼ôһѱܻ

ɴɷ򰡣Ĺӻǲܽܣ򼵶ʷ˷裬ûʶ𣿡
ǳӴ£լŮӿУֻȻȻؾŮӵԷΪ졣ŮҲˣҪѹҲҪſܲͱġ֪⼸꣬ΪųϣӼѾĿɳڽң֤ŮҪģ򽭼ŮĶӣӵļ̳ˡ

ĹӶ촽
ûͣҪһ㣬ͽҵĿУĴԭճ֮λǶҡ˵ġǰ£ҪܽϣүǰЩ䣬Ҳֵõġ
Ĺ˴ޣһ˵ĳܾһǲ

ѾĻҪڸǰЩ䡱ͽҵӡЩ䡱һûʲô˵¡
һжΪǴĶģȵҳλ˵ȹ̣
Ŀۡ

룬УԹԳ˲ʵڻ֮
˵ȻܡҵȲҪŷ졣үӿӷ绪ïʱ仹ԣúܡȻ¼ҵ°ⲻӣ컹żңҡһ˷Ĵ㹻ˣһ˸¥
Ī˵ֻӣ̫ӴֱֱؿĹӣֱĹӵĵȥҲзġ

˳ˡ
Ĺȴ⻰˵ĿȥˣһʱѪѪȵģ
ã˵İ죡

վʣǵʱνͿھͶ״ȴȥأ
Ҳ򵥣ÿھݸ״ӣ漰˳¼ң֪빫ӡӿԸֵ֪֪ܲҪ״ӡ·ʣ˵֪¼ǱΪ飬ȺѲһ·ӵ˳ݡ

ֳ˿ֻ䶼˿˿ƽһ򵥡Ͱ֪ӽȥ˰
Ұ
ô룬Ĺӳã£ȥ졣
Ż֣гƣز

ŵؿĹӣȴֻĹӵ۾ȵĹ⡣
ոգһŵ˵ôΪ˶ԸϾϧӵ档
ôΪ˸һǰȭϧ֪һѣ뽭ʲô


£Ĺȴ˻ʣؾǴɩָˣ
ûָơ˵ֻСĸ븮ʱֵǵϺԺһ˯̵ͨġ£˵ԺļţƩ硭

һ꣬ԺΪſڵλã֦մˮ˦һ÷ʯȹϡ÷ﱻÿŻȥˡ
ֶǳİĹе£˭

˵ԺŵĴʹ
Ĺ۵һЦ˳ֲѾͷֺӡԭǴʹֺ棬ʣ죬ſڵλø
죬ɡ

Ϊʱ򣬹Ӿֱ߽ȥˣҪͷ񣬹ӿǡΨ죬ߵſڵʱѾͷҪӭȥӹСɡڹӵǰһۡ
ĹӷЦ






24.   24    

24 

뿪Ĺ鷿ʱ, ⻹Թ֮Ϸͷһһ쳤ˡ
ͨĳе˸ǸʱʱûʸסһƬ, һƬķӵȻǵľӴᲢۣҲָɾķᡣסĶЩڹ˸ǰЩˡ
꣬, 䵽ȥסķӵͰʪ, ˯Ƕʮ˵Ĵ̡ͨ

ͬһ˯Ķͼɨۣ, ǿ˵޴ڣûһ˻ע⵽ǵĴڡҲΪ, ȻӴʲôˣʲô, ȴ֪С¡
ͼۃһ֮Ҳûʲô֣Ϩ˵֮, ڴͨϽŸԺļźϢ
СѾǰ⣬ԲԳϵĳޡ

Ǹʱ˵ֻĻķ, أ, Ŀйճ󡣡
ǰƴ˻˵ϣͺá
ǻɲֻǡ

طҪ͵ȥǰ¶
Ĺ۲졢
ݹ, ЩڶżˣظĹȴǸ֪Ȩ֮ˣϻθڡ
ǻƥֽš

ƥĹӵ, ĹܳͯСġ
ΪܳıСִУȴԶ᲻©Ĺиһ׷δزֽᷢš
СͲᡣ

СֻڻŵʱŶĹӲ塣
СǾĹӵͷá
ȲСһͯû˻ȥΪ׷ס

Ȼû©˳ĹӸǰչʾ֣õĹӵʶСҲûˣû
СҪɸ磬ˡСѧʲôĽ̡
ˣ㲻ǷСˡ

ޥǧߵڳɳʱѾŭĹߵõˡ
ޥ˵ɵɵ
ЩҪ˵𣿴̤δ·ϣӦǣ˿ڻѪ˸ӣ۲ۡʱѾ˼ҪԲƵ壬ˡ

ĹǰӱҲûȥԶĻǡʱӼǣܰģ㾡졣
Եڣ֪⸮ĸԺӵĶ֪
ڣǲΪӪ
ҲҪ˭ô

ǣССġɵɵδһۣȥʱ᲻֪ΪʲôǶ
֪һˣϻֻǡǸûġ

Ϊ˸£һδŵСǧɽˮ·ϲ֪˶ٿͷ
վǰʱ۾Ȼô
γע۾ǿض˵Щʱ򣬻ܸܵȵġ
ʱܵԼյģʪ䣬Щ꣬һ

ƿ˾ӴţСڴϣŹӳ۽
˵ȥп˳ǣʰ׼ȥ
Сûһʱء
˵㲻ȥ

СϽѹһӣҾһ˵ߣ
ȴ˵񡣡
Сһ񣺡ʲô
һۣһ֮ǰշС
Сһ졣ĻᣬһЦ
С˲ӣЦôܣ

ʰǾСǵˡǳܶĹӵĸǰҲ˵ϻ˲źá
˵ϸƨССǰԶˣСĿ
ʤһ˶ûУʤԱ˳ŵĸĹӵΪСӭǰŵСʯӶ߿ժǳˣ

Сֱߺߣƽң֪ǼֻҸ㣬ССһҿɲļֻҪףСҲбµġ
ȻüշСı¶ûУȥ˵ҵܵܡ
СͷĥһţҵţСôҽ׸磡

欣һŤҪȥҿ˳ȥ
סַԸһ£Ժʹһһ÷ֿڹǰǵ֣죬ڿ㡣
С䲻ףҲס֣Ӧˡ

ڼеĿŻŻϵȥһתСӵǽ
Сüأ
ĮСܴЦƤΣСҪ׽öˡƽװͰ͵ǼˣҲŵӹɵûӭӭ

Сӭʲô
Сһ˵ɵұ˵Ҳ£룬롭
СˣǱˣصڡʧЦСɵӣӭʲôãȥɵˮõģӰϵһ̡ɵվþˣ϶Ǿˣʹʹˣǻ׳ηҪӸŪůůͺ͵Ĳˡ

С۾ˣңȥ
˵űҪܡСסһӣʲôʱأɵûôż
˱һߡ

СлСָ㣬ȻǸЩٶľګĺӣԹɵҪ
ʣС磬ô뵽ôࣿ
С˵Ϊ˭ãɵˡǸɵҪһöСҪٰ͵öԽ취öˣ¡

ϿͷӣǰˡСǻ
䵱갤˺ܶСȱ·ҲΪϿĵ/̣ӱĹӵۣ˺üӡ
СҲãܸͷӵɶӣ/̣СҲͲڴˡ
˭֪أҲҲû취

˵ģǵöУľľګګģɵû㣬Ժ˹˸ǰô졣С룬ָĿڣˣҪһֱɵǴ˿ɲҰ˸ǰ͡
СйҲаˣѾҪӣ͵˸ǰȥ

΢΢ƲҪ޲޵ġСţһ
ͣ½ŲסС°ͣƴС̧ϸ˿
ҿݡ˵
Сùֵֹģſ졣
СļȣаͷݻҪǵúúˢ

Сæÿ糿ˢء
Сȴ˵糿У˯֮ǰҲˢ극ˢҪݱƣҪп
СʮŷæͷӦʣɸɾأȥ˸ǰҲ𣿡

С΢΢һЦ˵Ǹʵӣ˵Ĵѧ㲻ѧ˺ʵˣ˶ϲϲģȴǲȴΪİӡ
С˵꣬΢ƲȻиָİӡ

СƶǶ
ǸءСʧһЦ˰СεС
ģ㲻ɳúá
úõˣб·ߡ

СȥĹӻ£ĹȻϲȴûȥңֻ˵˻
СС˵꣬ƤĵضĹӿģΪʡƫû͡
СС㿴죬װСڡ߳ġ

СҲֱ˼ȴȻͣ¡
С͵Ƴһۣȴ΢٣ǻ֮⣬ƺԥʲô꣬˾ģתСϽߡ

СЦȴᣬС˵쵽ˣǵѹӡ
Сһ˵СѾתȥ
Ĺӵշ㣬ȴֻһܵܡС˵ķСˡ

ɷС˵ĵأ磬ѹҲüڲŹ꣬Ҳſӡѣôѹʲô
СܾСǻ⣬ȴ֪ʲô˼ס
ֻԼϹĥ

źһıīҲϹĥһ硣
Сǰ鷿ʱ򣬸óءС˼룬䲻⣬˵ˣѵùˣҲʲô¡СģҲû¹ʲôӣ˻࿴Ų˳۶ѡ
ôţСȥһѡ

ӡŬ͵ūǷС˵ӿĪҪǡ
Ĺӡѽһ£һԼͷϣҿѣ
СĪ






25.   25    

25 

Ĺ߶ǽ飡ܹܵ, ˵һˣȻȥӡƫͲȵԼᣬҪ, ȸᡣ˵˵鲻飡
С˵ķ˽أֻӲЦš

ĹֻǰСԭǲ֪ôÿӹҪһ, СңȰһᡣ벻벻, һ仰¶ѣҷЦ绨, 羲ˡ
羲ĸ֣ǴȤˡΪӷڼŮ, ʵһʮѻõŮӣҲСԶǡҲϲĵط

Ĺô˵, СͻȻˡ
ô˵СǴİеСͻȻתʲô̼ˣ
, ȴĹ˰Цų޵СӣˡԺ, 벻¶ţ㡣

С
СôͻȻתԶܡ
ΪС, Ĺӿ佱ģ

ָټСС£βų, סС
СĴתѾʼȥģõȷÿ, ǰĪʱǸˣ񳤴ˣҲǸεꡣ

ȣǸСֲڵأĥߴ˼Ϣŵǰ£лˡ
Сһ䵭ʲô£
ӣС°һǿۿǸԹˣǰҽѹӷС˵˿佱ң۾лл㡣

СûסЦǺݳһ£ôǰЦȥˣֻ˵ŶС¶ѡ˵꣬תҪߡ
СɵҪǲף϶ߣСƶ
һʱǸɵӹȻߣ
Сб˹תʱѾһıˣ

С׷˵ҾͲôġ˵ͻȻң
Сʼ˳һ仰¶ѣʲôﲻġ𣿡
˵ҪߣȴСס䣬һֱԶ²ŷſ

СѽС磬װСб۾ƭ˱ˣƭСڣǼ鼴Ұѻ˵ˡ
СѽһһȻ㿴ˡģŤһ£ſϵʵҲûʲô͡ƽһ١

Сһ㶡
С̾˿ɤӣģ»С˲Ա˳ŵģϸʲô
Сһͷƽ˵öԣϸɫ
Сһ˵ˣҸɴƹˤ˰ɡģ̾˿û˼ƽ磬ҿᡣ

СҪΪһըëȴСĵ˵ΪѱǴǰҵģ鷿ССĵط֪ʲôֻôֳ谮ԸմմϲأΪԼʲôˡ֪ģǹӵˡҲֻã峤߳ӲˣӱѰˣǴ鷿ȥȻŤͷǡ

Сˡ
Сصȴ鷿һǧɡЩǰЦ׷㺰С硯ģټ溰ǡιСԵġȵġõģٱ鷿Ĵˡһججعӣ´Ŀһ
Сˣʶʣ´Ŀ˭

㶼֪˭ǿһģ˳һġǰ˵ҽ鷿֮ǰ˭׷ƨɺͷںһС硯أС㿴˳ǰ겻ԣ⼸ƽ£Ҳ˹ӵõˡɵСأֻûãڻ´Ӵӣÿȡ
ҴǰԼԺ鷿һǵġҺƽ磬ƽϽҹ򣬿ϴ¡Ҳ͵ԺӲҲ£ΪΪˣǸõˡ

˵࣬СڶСʣС㣬ûԺأ
СãͿ־塣
ûɵףСţرСס䡣

ģСȫСˣֻҲ֪Ժô죬ҲǺС磬ңԺô죿
ǰСС硱ڿ࣬һе÷ġ

Сѹе⡣
Ҳ֪ô㣬ԼҲСֱֻۣ£ƽǸɿˣȸɡԺ鷿ʲôҪæģ͸Һƽ˵鷿ģ˿ǵĿⲻһ۲Լﶷ˭۹⿴ۣ˭ҸأһϹӣ

С۾ʪˣС磬ǰˣҡ
˵ҲǰءҪƽңһɵɵظ㶷ءʲôöģ˿֪鷿Ǹġ
һ仰СᣬæӲ˲

С֪ˣ赭дص˵ԺǿջǰܰҲֻ࣬ĹӵƢϰߣҵ˽úܣв֪ô£԰⡣
˼ǰĹӾĺãСûĵط
См㣬аԭȵƫȫˣֻС׸Ƶġ

СصסСԺӿץʯ档
һСԵġ
С۾ʱˣڰԥԥСʧЦĺˣ©̣ʱȥɵҲġ
Сıظȥˡ

ԵĳԵʮӷɰ
СЦ㣬ż
С䣺óԡ
С΢΢һЦⲻĶѡѽûöǰĹ鷿ԵĶǸ֣ʦϸ㣬ȵĶեĹ֭鷿ŵһ㶼䣬ůġ
Сסˡ
Ĺӵ鷿ôá

С꣬ĹӼ˵Щ飬߳ȺС˳ɡصԼԺӡ
ſеֵѾͷ˻ӭȥӹСеɡ
ĹһֻżȻһ

תͷȥǳɡѾͷϸƤ⣬
ֻܵԺģòÿأѾǸ飬ķ˸Ǹˣͷ̫ˡ
Ѿ߳ɡһ˫Ŀ飬Ĺӡ

Ĺʣ÷
Ѿϲɬ˹ӵĶ䣬ū
ӦǡǸΪſڵλ֦˦˱ȹһӵġ
ĹЦ
ϲСĻСԶŮӡƩϱԹķ˽飬ʵܰˣЩСӡǹ뷿֮֡

ãȻ֪ζЦ
ĹһЦòźҸ¡

ƽСĻȻģ
󣬴£ز

Сƽǰ㴵ţǿϣȷСĸԸ׸ġ
һѮĹСѾǽĵĹϵˡ
һССûԺ뿪鷿˭棿
Сˣģ

ôܡСǡҲˣ붼룬ǿ˰һ
ƽʲôţǲࡣ
С뿪鷿Ҹɵ˽ȥ뿪鷿ɵְ˽ȥС˵ôͲһ鷿ˣͽȥأ˭涨ֻϼһɶӣɵܵ

С룬鷿ɵ磬Тʮ̹
ֻǣȥءúãͺʣ
鷿Ҳȥˣֲ˸㡣СЦЦ꣬Ϊʲô˵ȻΪҼźʵˡ

ҸԺӣɵ졣֪ɣϼһǰҸɵ̫Ըġظúܡ
ǺúãʡỌ̇̄Ƚ鷿ʱðڹߡ
ŶС






26.   26    ˹

26 

ŲҴҵĹӵ鷿ȥ
ʲŻصӴ, ûСס᷿ƿ˴ӣ£СĹӵ˴ˡ
Ŷ, С𣿡̰ļһȥ˼Ҹȥˣ
ǡȴ˶, , Ĺ鷿С硣
Ĺ鷿ɫˡ

һº, ӣȥ
ǳúÿִ, 赣ģͷǳͨʵ, ̤ʵ£зԡ
ͽ, ȻûֳִġȴƯȴɵʵġ֣˵ġ
ˣһ, ǺÿִģѡСɶӡ
ֻû뵽, Сȥȥĵط

ءСĹӵ鷿Ӵÿɰ, Ҽҹӿ˭뵽鷿ˡĶҲ, ߶µġ꣬ǹ͵ģš
ӹǺɰͷӣ㹻ڸʮС
ͷɬֻˣҲأСȴֻܵ⺢ڿڣǸɵģ䡣

Сָ˺ַ
ȥСڳԵĳԵÿġ죬ϰԵһ漴С˵ԼԺˡȥİϤ˵Ļϲӿ
ɵȥס֣ԵģĵĿɺóˣ

Ҳԡԡߣôˣ
Сʵش𣺡Сġ
ɵҼˣ˿أ۾
ǰɵ˵ޱ˵˹˸ǰᶯþ̡ɵ˵Ĳԣ˿Цأĳԣˮȡ
С˵⺢Ӳͷ鷿ߣȻͬأ˵úð

С콲Ĺӵ鷿жôôã˵벻ҾܽĹӵ鷿Ƶġ
ðľ
ⶼС署𣿡ܾòԣСӦòһʱ¶ѣǸСôбô̵ʱСôණ
ǡⶼС˵ġС˵ССҵġ
ͫ΢

뿪ʱС˲ᡣ
ɵ꣬ʮϿֶ飬ҪѧѧѧþҪСϸСȡ
Ҳ޹Ȼ̫ʲôǺޡܹǣ۴˻СЩҪùϿˣơޡߡġ
ڣɵ׼뿪ʱȻŨŨĲᡣ

ɵԺ󡭡ӵʣ𣿲ȥ𣿡
ͷ룬
뿪ˣͷҲûء
СĪȻֳ˿֣ʦĵģź

СССԼȥˡ
Ĺ˵òԴӳ鷿ʼƽ£ҰˡۿŶˣССĹӸǰȻûʲôԵ£ȥˡ
䲻ٳг裬ȴȻǰһ棬档ɳȨ޵ġ
СûСΪСûгơ鷿Ľ˿ȸ
СѾɳӵֻ

ԼһٷʳǵĵģСڵʱյػˡ
̨ףҪƿԼķţȴȻ˺һС硣
Сתͷ̨£ڵ£Уűƽʱϡ

¡С˼˰Цкô
쿴ˡԳˣΪڷܣԵı仯ʵӲٴĪ档

һֱãǸĺӡǰһ⺢ӿøЩĹ鷿Լܺõĳ·СȻˣҺˡ
СЦݸ󣺡ˣ

ֻ벻ûġҹɫﶨؿСȴСͽȥʲôأ
СϵЦҹɫﵭȥ

ʲôء˵Ĺӵ鷿ǸѣԵĺȵõģһٲиõġȥôˣҪ˴꣬ڴ鷿ʱĸĹҲǱˣĥǡ鷿ˣúõģģ˸ƽءʮһССͣѾСˣĹӿլ񣬿ɴû
һư׷ҹƮǴǵطˣҪô˿ӹţҪô
Сġ

СҹɫЦ次
ĿأҿóǺءһֱЦֻƣ꣬ϼһקҵĸ첲˵Ҫҵɶӵʱôأ

ϼһʱ۷Ź⣬񿴵ˣ
ڳأҲ֪ȥȥˣ֮ڳءҳžƣأôأôһȥɶӣֻھأ

ҿɱСһٱءҪϽҶʶ֣Ҵ̣ޣ͹ˣ㶼С̿졣ϴһҲܺúѧ£Ժһƾ³Է
ûѽҸɵקˣŶұˣСЦʲôأ

۾
ֻǱȥֵģʱûӡۣ㲻ף˺֮ǣ̫鷳
鷳СʲôôţˣʼǲǣҸҸɵգǲǣСЦʲô˺ˣ˵
֮ˣ۾ҹɫڣûˣԼ˰

ԺһƬž
ԺסĶĹӵˣǶƽŰˣֻСһ¡
Ƭ̺ԺкȻС͡һЦҹɫл
ǸѾ˵ƯִĺӣͷҲصƿŽȥһš

³ɳůˡ
һȻϴ
СëһԸ㱨ߺ£СڸǴһӵĹϵĹԺշˣҳͦ飬ŬŬ˵̧檡
ŶУ˵СѸСĹӿ˿ĹӺϲ鷿ˡ

һһˮĨתͷС
С̹Ȼؿë˹ȥ
ӹëͷãԺԽСǵúúýСһ˲У㻨˼
Сǡ֪һˡ
ӵ꾪Ǽ֪ˡ

ǸۺСرˡҪǻһܾˡܾԵ޹ܾŭȥ£뾾Ǹ㺦ˡ
ͨҲ˺ۣ۷䶣İûС

СѾת׼뿪ˣȴͻȻһȥƨɡ
ȻѪۡ
ʲôˣǸʱ򣬳Ŵҵ߶ڱ𴦵ʱʲôƨɣӶ

ȻǸʱǸλõģֻСƽһˡƽǸӦѸקԳɫ־ˡ
ͨһ㣬Сëˡ

֮ӿͷ˷ܣ˷ܵһû˯þڶϡƽҪϸֵܡ
ûܾˣ˲˽ؽ

Ҷˡ
ϸһģһϢ
ǹޣôڹ컯֮¡
Ǹǣ˰

ûˣʲô˰
֮ӣͲҪ²ű˵ļ̤ű˵Ѫ
˵ǲأ¹






27.   27    ־

27 

ͱǰʱ, Ǿţʹִﳤɳǰ졣
ŭ
ӭκ˰࣬εߡ֮硢ԣ֮أŮĲ״ҪЩνġҾ/°ӵü˼ҡ
ȻĲ, Ǳôӭּ˰Եôı, ܳԵģȻСˡС˻һǰ, С˺ܶ࣡

̫궼ûãҪһ䣺˻û𣿡
ֻǶ񶾵, ʵӭûһ취
ӭǹǮ׵˳۹Ǯһ뵽׵ɱԼЩĸֵǲ, ֻܺ޺޵һ飺˻û𣿡
ߵă̱ش𣺡δ
ʣʱ
̱𣺡ˡ
⌝ÿҪһ飬˳㡣

޵, Լ׳ӡӣĳ, ңȻͰ͵ȥʸΪ
֪ݺݰ, ֵ˾֪
ִֶˣ
ûôģ

п˵
Ѿ֪еˡ˵ʲô, ˵ճӣһĵеաֳʲôӣԱ˵, Ƿһ塣ƾĸƾӹҲá
䲻ܰ׵, ݳҵ֮⣬׵Ŀһʡܽܡ
ֻܳüعڵϰ

ԵˣҲ±˿ˣȥƨϾšҲҶ㣬ˡ
æӱסүϢŭүϢŭҴҵģôģүҲܸѽ
һ˵һ͸Ӵɫ

ʵʵؿͷ
ˣָɵӣȥҹã죡˭Ҳ͵͵ȥź
σ̡̺σ̵үүʡգź򡣡
Ǵӵϰӷųȥˡ

ӵһֱۣĨ˰ֺޡ
¼ִֺݱСȫû˵硣
ȥܣּסүүͷϣ֦
ⶼĸ̣Σǰţȥá

綢ţһ˵ӱȥʡЦһƽϵ壬ȥ鷿
σ̸˵֪ôǸϣʾ
ʣкû
檣һԵճĶŮ֮⣬ĶŮôӣҲֲŮǵﶼ˭

σȴǶģأޡǰΪһŮûסûˡ
õһӣҼҵĳϱ֪ôһûӵ𣿡
σ̴Ȼþӹ⻰ǣү˵һ檶ѣ˱ǣʾ

⼦ëȥ͵ãү˵ӵĳ¼Ҽˡ
˱㽫ϰ˴ߡԵ檺ͨ۹۱Ǳǹġ
ֻʹ졣
ҲǴǧڼǸȵģԼͨСܵĹȫЩˡͨŮū͡һһһ˫ˣĶˡ

ӱҲġݵˣȻǽܵĽ࣬˿۹Ҳࡣ
ˣҲҺͨĴӵ֮·޺ٳ
ϵϺȻߣĵġһֵ˵⣬ӾΪ档
ϲںɷЩ谮󲻿ð쳤վãۻ÷޷Ŀ

Ĺ鷿֪ӱѺȥã޺ôŹˣģȻǲͬ
̱ǵ
ԼҲǻʺջӡԭջӵСյյĻ̫

¹޴ġŵĻлλǵջӡݱӲͬ
ӲӴϻۻҲȻδйҡⳤӵλ뷨ֻȫǵ֮µߣصþȥ֮֡
Ĺǽ˲ֻ㣬ʹĥǽǣֻ쳤վãǽĥˡ

ĻȻ׷Ȱ
һүǶ˴ŭ
үУʮֲõӡ£͵ûٳɶ࣬żЧ

һ˴Ҵƹһ£Ժķɫˣǻ
ֵ߽ȥߵ˹סˣȥͨ籨š
Ĺ㿪ĵ㣺ͦãԶԶˣҴóļϵ˲ˣĸηζҪըˣøҴɩַ졣
ž֡
˶ŴЦ

ΨлЦ۴š
ĹЦüƽǾòЦ
Сֻ룬Զȴ˵ϳǺ󻱽ȥ
ô˵ȻΪǵطȥȡԶԶˡҪáĹӺʲôط

ȡһЩŷ򡢿ȥHطӲضʡ
Ĺ˲㶮ˡҲȡһ鵭ȥ߹ʳ˼̻صһ檣ѵҪҲģҪҡ
̵ϥС˵Ĳá
Ĺףˣȥ
صڡͷ

Ṇ̀Ϊ̣ΪӢͦ·ϡ
ȥıӰװȲ衣۽ǵƳĹҲѣ棬ǡõס΢΢ǡ

Ĺ߼ˣ˵ջˡȸĽ飬˱ضѾϡ
ĹǵЦȫ⡣

ԭ⣬ӱߣûȵӻͱһһ£ŽӸˡ
ĸ˵һǮҪģԶԶˣҪ졣
Ͼ彻ӣκֽססãкáֻ亹ŭӵЩȥ

ųӴӺʻ˽ϡһΣס˳
ӵˡ
֪˭
ҪĹ
ˡҡҡСĸҲԺ¡㶼ѹ˭Ҳš
⼸䣬óϾһ
ӵˣ

СһƿϣؿȥȴֻۣƳųļˣ£̵ķɫ
ϻûüϲһڲ㶵ͷסԴ˲ʱʲôˡ

Щ˰ӵһϣ´³ϧˤȥģԴһ¡
ŭȼӣҪӺúЩˡ룬Ȼ޸֮˲һ㲻ʲôϧ

ʱΪԼˡ
ȻЩ˲ûнȴ˲֪ʲôطӽһ䷢ùζ
òˣж²ģŵǶϲϣҲ²ֻŤӷ
Ƿšॡһˡ

Ҳ֪˶ãֻоʱüһô
Ȼ˽Ų˴ֱƿţͷϵĺڲͷױ
⻹ǴۣҲʵйȥʱ䲢á۾ʹˮҲϱϣŬ뿴Щ˵ʲôˡ

⼸˶Ż˵ĴֲòȻǻװˡ
һϻһ״ֲŮװͼʮԡһ˽⿪ӣʼ·ʱϵָһɣ̳е鲼ȣס֣

Щ˲ΪǴ³س£Ҫϴֲȹ
һ߷һŭ߳˭ǲӵˣ
˭ǵĵӸҶң
ſңſң
ӵˣӲŹǵģ

Ȼһϸ·δ磬ôǰ취
һͳĳŪ
Щӵãֻڻ𼱻ǵȥŪҩȥ
ӵˮ

ֹͣڵϣӲ̧ͷȥ
//յأӵӰͶ˴ֽϡ
һи߸߱һϸϸǼӰòɫӡ
ЩȻ취ãȥˮ

ֻĺڱϴֱ׹ߡ
ǴֽӢͦļӰȻתͷ·˶Ŀ⴩͸˴
Уȴ޴Ŀ־ס






28.   28    

28 

˳ʮĶ, ˺ܶ¡
Ĺӻʼվûĸ
ǰô䣬Щ, ȴ´ʱӳҵ£ƨǵʱԸ
ƫƫһ˹, һ㶼ˮ
һı

ڶĹһȥǰȥ飺˵ˣ븸Ϣŭԭֲô, ߼ڶ࣬ĸǴšҡҡ, ܲôһһҵضȥŰɡ
Ż˭Ҳ飡
Ĺ̾뿪ˡ
σֻۡ

, ޵Ļӭֻӭ޿κ, ¼¼ֱԼײǨŭӲŹ֡
Ĺһ, ֺˣȥҿһۣû͵͵ȥźûкúõطʡҷ£ϼҷ

Ĺ涼, ţһ·ſĻȥԼ鷿
Сӭ, ŶС˵Ѿ취ӵ˴Ūˡǻ취ȥӣ, Ӿͻ֪ˡ

Ĺӵˡ
ضȲ裬Ӳ˲Ҷ΢ЦǶĴ簡, ֪ҪѪɡ
ʵֻһŵ˵Ĺӱ֮𣬻ΪһѪ
벻һߡ

ӵһɣ̽Ϣ
ӱʡûʲô
ϱˡ⡢鷳ˣ
ӵ˵ȥȴ˸ա

𾪣Ѿǵ˴ѽ
׷ʣʶð䣬Щ˵ò
֮еΪӦǾԺķġһҧʹøһŴñءֻ˴Ҿû

ñֽдñиܣҪʱȷһ
ӵ֪ˡ
ֻȥѰɳôطĵֻ̣ҪϻڣҲֻҪЩ
ͷԼȴӲͷƤص취Ǳãȥȥˡ

Ӿʮֲá
Ϊ׵һͨŭźҪú÷ʡҲûһġ
ƫˣΪΪճС̵ҪأܵŻֺøסϲãȴӲŵϿš

˭֪ĸһףİ֮˾֪٣
Ӵ֮£վȵô⡭
һֻδڣһתȥ
ĸæסһֱòԣһ̽Ƕͷ֣

ӵµʱĺĵش򿪡
ţӾʹڸϵ˳ɳܸһ仰ɽүı
ĿɿڴеĲյžصڵˤ÷顣

ֶȻһҵĸ
σ̶˵ס죺үʱδ
ʱӶԾ˳۵ľηѹѾˣŵʱ£˻ʲô£

ϰˣϰˣͳӲոձųᣬתͷʹʥôȥģ
ʹС˲֪
ʲô
С˲֪
ʲô
С˲֪

һ֪ңԶ
ؿڣŬһ˳ʣţɻбĽ
ûСʹֻ̬һ䡣
ˣˣˣȥϢʹ£תԸټĸĻźʷǸϽйһ£ġ߶̴£
ӣӡӡǳصļ
УİĻ氮ӡ

Ĺٻˣԭ֪Ǻ£˿˵ĵﶼڳ֪Ǵˡ
Ĺɫһ࣬ǰ˺£
ױĿ񣬵һ˵

ĹӵӴûΪʹ븮ʱˡ
ʱĹ´֡
úãɽУ
㵹ʱ򰡣

̧ȥ˴Ƿ纮塭
мŭģĹĬĬزһ䡣
žһһֽˤڵϷ飡Ĺһ

ʲôʱˣףȥ̽ŭ
̴æȥˡ
˶زͬɫȴִҶ֪׷ʲô¡
Ψߵσ̣ü۵ʹһ붨ģ϶֪ģֻûڡ

Ƭ̣ŭҪʱ򣬃̻ˡ
Ĳˣ̶ͷأСˣͷ϶֣
ҲǽźĿɿ֮ˣ˵ƭǾĲˡ
ŭ鰸ôʱ£

ĹȻ
̳ˣˣ˵ȥ̽Ҳٹһ¡
ʲô£صӲˡأ
£šĵǶĻ¡


Ĺ̸ˣȥ鷿ңУƽҲ
Ĺü־ſԼ߶ܵĻصԼ鷿
һƬȡ

ΪǵճӵĶӣűƣֻǸ
ǣǸλӡ
ǿɾͲʲô񷨵Լˡ£ߵ֮ߵ֮

ȴ͹ʱоرĹӽ꣬СͷĻˣһȥ
ڽ˷УĹӺȻ뵽ӡµĿʱ򰡣
Ȼͺõòˣ궼˺ü֣

ͻ鷿ĹСųȥš鰸ǰü͵һ¼ɽ
ãһЩϡ

ʲô֪ȫһĨڣҲܽ꣡Ĺ鷿￪ʼתȦӣϵȭƣǿ춼룬ЩʲôǺô粡̫ʱˣǰʱӱûˣҸôأҸôأ

һĻŰӣյЩµľЩ˹ͬ顣ĹҲвʸ񣬵ȲĻҲǾߡֻǸģʵ硢ߵһǸӸֵġ
ĹӴ˿˼룬ȫǳӲյ֮ʱǰӱ

ĻӻҺûͷոյ䣬鷿Ȼॡһ
Ȼȥ
崺ʣڵϴ˻ǣ˵ϥ¡
ĹĿƽ

̬̲ݻս̧ͷԼЧҵˣ빫Ӽ̸ݣ
ȥݣĹס
۾ҰĵĻ棬ֱֱؿĹԟR
빫֮նɱӭ

鷿Ȼһš
ֻлȳȣȾãȻʱ˿̣ùӴ£ΪүǣΪһǬ
ú֬࣬ع㣡

鷿ﰲˣصĺԟRĿ
ӭԵ˰࣬˵޶ŭԹֹһԱˡ
ֻǲɡ
ӭıǾ˳֣ɵӲȥȥɳǮצӡ

ӭΣҲֻǸ̫ࡣЩ޸֮ˣ޸Ҳ޻ֻ档
ھ˳۱ˣӭʲôˣ
նɱӭպġ
ӭЩû͵ǮЩԼ̰۵Ǯɽɽ֪Σ

ӣ
ӣ
ӣ

ԟRԴȣһ˿һӭ
ǵƦåں֮ڡӲ̰֮ѹաпɡһ
˶٣ǵǳ֮ʱУһٸƽ

ԟRû˵Ѿ飺У
ԴҲȺ״̬侲ˣɱӭ
ӣԟR֣ʱ£ǹӲɣ

ǣҲɡԟRҲ侲
ƽӣĻתû졣
ƽԟRĿ⾼ʣܱƽ

һֱϥأ̧ͷһ˫۾ĺڣС˴ΣȫϵһСˣǧ󣬾ʧ
ԟRԣһŶ衣
ߣȥݣ






29.   29    

29 

Ҫ˳, Ҳ˵̧Ⱦߵģƻʱ֣װϿԳ, ѾԿĸѵء
ٵǰС°ڣɿرС, ӭȥС£߻㱨ʲô, СһЦ

ԟRҪǳг˽Ҫµ˷ܡźͼСһЦ, ĲõЦʲô
СЦչ֣ѹѪˡ

˽һ
ҵ˳, ӣһѪСЦﲻסˡ
ӵôҵ, ȻΪǹ
ӵӲͷƤӣӱ͸, ȣһһѪ˹ȥòѹ, ᡣ
·˵ʹ졣

ԟRϲԼһЦ纮屾ûʮ²Ȭ, Ѫֻһˡ
ķǳʱ̣Ծǳصӡ
ν費ȡ, ̣ԟRЦ緢ص˳

ΪİСѪȱǰ, Щȥ
Ӷǡ¡ⲻĶȴ鰮ϡ÷ŭûüĹӴ˳ˡ
ŭʲôȥˣ֪Ƿǳʱ

սսػش𣺡Ĺ˵˵ǣΪүΪĹնɱӭȥˡ
һϢû˵
ˣôҡ˵һȻʧӦˣ˳۶ˣӭʲôʲôҵģ
ǵңӦóӭδõϢŽƱ֮ǰ

ĻѾ֣ϲϲүô˽۶
ҵӭأĹѾһС
ү֮ϲˣ

̫࣬ʱ˲Сļչֲ˭˭
׵ҲǴǼϾദʱ䳤Щ
ֻϣճƽʱƽȵģɽӽҪɫ֮ʣ̸ֻ˵
ƽʱС˼ͦ࣬ϴµͷʱ򣬾ȫܷ£¹۹⡣
ĻǹϲƨһƬڵ룬˰ǲ¿ΰ

ݸӭլۡУӭһòŮĥָףһòŮ޼ָףһòŮ磬һòŮȣһòŮιгСϿ͹ʹӡ
ϣֵˡ

뻹Ÿߵ߳ģµõľɫ
һòѹţһһҪؾȥţ԰԰ڡ
ôţĹ
ӭʣ˵ʲôûУ
˵ûУǰ˴

 뵯Ǹɫϸʮְϳáǻ˼ѾˡҲӭˡ
벻б˵

ӭЦһŮæȡΪϣҪãӭͷػӻ֣žˡ
Ҫӣ˼ЩĹӲһӶѡӭһɷʿ̬ȥǰ档

Щ֪֪صģӭһϾЩ˺޲ҲһˡҲֶɵ˵ģһҲҪΪġ
Ǹңӣ⽫һɢ˭ΪЩҲᣬҲҡ
ӭԟRȫǷɵġ״̬

ǰ棬ٷĹӴЦվ
ӭЦǰߣǴʲô磬ġ
ǰ׹
һΡ
Ȼֹ

֮ǰ˵ˣԟRӭܣŻɱ
ԟRû뵽˵Żӭ˵һ𻰵ʱ䶼ûС
ӭЦŹЦӭȥѾˣ

ѪɽԟRϣƷȡ
۾һգûգؿӭһŴͷ­ôڿշ𣬻תĻߣء֮ĵûٹע
ֻŻĵ档

ѩһĵкɫ
ǵ滹նڿУûʽյˣʸԱ
̬ԟRͫкܶ궼ûǡ

еŮС˼
ѩڿлת˲ŵĹ⣬ЩбҲȻֹˡ
СͻǶˡܽʱ¶Ѿȵȥ
С˳ȥһ֧ź̻

ܿԟRӵ
/е
նɱӭ
еɱеɱ

ӻͳӣ׽ѪӲɾӡ
Ĺһ°ڣ߹ȥ¡
źպĴ̫ӭͷʬ壬ѪһءŮС˵ʬˡ
ʱӰζкȽоп޺Ҳб֮

ԟRϣ۾ȴֱֱضŴš崺վ
Ǹ˵ˣ΢֣ϸխĵѪһһˮĥʯذϡ
һʯ˸ҳΣԟRİȫ䣬ΣնɱδȻ

ɱЩԩ޳زʶ
Ϊһ޸֮ˣĽ±Щʲôһ߸ߡ
䣬һ촦ʬ嵹ڵϡЩѪҺ΢΢̧ţȻݺݲס
Ϊ˻ӡұɹҲ¡
˲ڽ¼̤

潥ĶºȵĶĺ
ԟRһֱŻһ򵱹ĪıӰ
ھ˳ʮһգԟRʶһôĵ


ޥ벻γˣҲδ
ϴʱµ߻أҵı˶嵭ˣʵҲûˡ
ӦˣˣۼҲҪˡ

°ֻ˴Ե㣬ݳӣ嶼ˡ
󣬴СŸףĶǾ˼ҵĽʵˡСĿȾҲǣȢҪȢǿžͽʵܸɻġ
ΪϣʵòҲȫ

ԭҲֽʵֺÿģá˭֪һ˺͸©Ƶģһձһݡ⿴ŶɽŮˣеǸˡ
°׸磬׵ģֻ뿴Լ˶ģޥ۶쾱ϸʮֺÿҲۡ

ޥͭȴ˵ܣԡ
°ن£°ֱۣӣһ
ޥһѽ
°ſȭͷ

½ҵ͸ţವһ£һغȡһ浾
͸˹ӣձҪˡ·ûе飬Ӷͷӭˡ
ޥȫû˸ղŸ綷ʱСԶģ΢΢ͷ
½͸΢΢ͷˡ

°һ˼Ҷˣӻһɵӣ̲ס˶ˣװˡ
ޥȹھ߹ȥ
°ػ󳷣ޥһž߿ˡ
ãã°ؽлСĽ֪˲㣡
ޥб±ܣ
°ѾûӰˡ

գҵġߺ˴ޥ˳
½ҵݻˣϷѾůһ·ȷԽԽӶסˣֻż¼ɡ

ޥɲʵʵظڸ˴ա
û㿴ͷһꡣУѾʼģվĸߣΪ¡С˺͸ӵţЦ
湫
۾Цޥɬ͹أնӣ̲סҲһЦ

½һ˲ʫʣȴδӴһЦġ
˶δԻΡ
á






30.   30    

30

½ĸ½Եͷˡ
°ز֪½˱Ҫһ, ҪƯ
ƩȻҪ¼ҽ֮ãޥױ棬¼¶ĺá

°ؼ½ͷ, ڸеŰݼʮֵظж㼸ȥĳظ½Ҿ񣺡½, ôˣɷˣ
½طֱ۽, ֶԸںɵͷЦֶǲض֪Ҽ˶ϡ, ڵϲ£ڼŸɵ𣿿˵˵, ÿɶ𣿡

ڶг̬, 崺硣
°´һ, ½ĳ¼ҽףԺӲѹ
æ½ִֵããĸ
۾ȴ½

½Ц񣺡硢, һ·ˡ
°ظ߸˵Ӧһ硱
Ͻֻ֣࣬࣡ͷӣ񡣡

ޥһֱʵʵظŸ, ˵껰ֵˡ
ؾصǰ½½ֶ̧Ůһ·ˡ
½ʱ򣬲̧ۿոͻȻԼиë, ½Цⲻ֪ʲô֮¿϶ǲ˵ġ
½Ц񣺡ˡ
ޥ, ѧӣйоصػش𣺡ࡣ

δ޲ޥ㱻½ҵ͸ӵ˳ڳ˵
ޥͬڳѹޥ⳵
¼ҳϸǴŵĶǳеĳﻻ½ҵĳ¼ԼҲг½Եúˡ
½ҵĳ¡ӳڰ裬͸һµĸо

ܿױװ˳½½Ƕ°غɵģһ·һҲήҲһ´˶ˡҪֵܰţƥ޲ͷһȦ
Ƕǰ档ޥĳӽҵĺ¼͸ĳӺͼױ

¼ñӭ˿ջ
綨õļգʮպ󡣱ʱ··˳˳ˮҲûʱգáڿջסʮ죬ٴӿջ﷢ޡ

½ҰһԺӡޥΪ¼ʲôòģ½͸ӵͽϷ
дʱ춼¸ɾ˵͸и͵裬Цϲ죺ãԼҵĶΪġ
贩໨еıȼףͷϲǶźɺӣһǸ衣

ޥʣл裬֪գ
ūǡЦ˵ϻط˺͹ȥݣʹҿҡûܼŹūһֱźءһ˵һǸƵĵءٶи
ϲƸظɸϷϲƹٶٶ

ֻ˵Ŀٴ֤衣
ԱлϱӣЦ˵Ƿ˵Ľ֡
ҵı½ЩӡϱΧ˸ޥɫޥʡãվԭ衣˵űҪ

ʹãʹáʵʵסޥӲֱ۰£ɷūˡūܲá
ĸһֱңԳߵҲҪءޥҴӱϱߺܶ²󶮣Ժ©ĵطҡ

˵׼̫̫Ǻüҽֻ̡Ҳýš֪էԶ磬ܵġǷ˺׼̫̫һҲͻˣʮֿס˵ģԭҪΪ˷ǽѵġԺڼʲôĵطʱǡ
ͷףüĿʮֿףִЦ˵ޥӡܺã̲ס¶Цݣǣлˡ
ŮһЦ۾£ΡĿҲʮ̹峺ﰵͷ

ȵظ·ϣͬϱֺõǰգؿһΡ㿴´ñôССġ
豾ĿԺۿȥǺãȥ˵Ȣ˸ССӡ

ϱһǡôɣ
֪ɣ˵ʲô¼ҹʮպǸϵٷˣٶϱˡʲôݣٷ˵ȥٷ˵ٷ˵ٶ棬ٶǷ˵棡ȻΪƾʲôôױΪٶ
ϱƨĵϣڨڨرˡ
񣬲

ص½ؼ˰ɣô
ŻңһΪٶϱǸôϲ̨ġ׼ˣ˿򵥵ģܺá˵ߵˣվҪȥУ˸ʵʵڣġ˽̵˵سߵأ֪Ҳ֪ġ

½΢̾ǣҲ˵׼ĸ⺢˻ֻǡֻŵڻ˱еϱ̫Զ
ȥࣺ˲ͺܺˡֻҪ˲Ͳ°ӹˡ

֪ߣȥô˵ٶģ㶼ûϡ˭֪үкҲһ͸˸ҵĹҪǣߣ˭ܿܵ Եְ˵ٶãΪ˵أ
֪㿴٣˵ģլӣǿٵģǿ˰ҽִһǸʵڵĹԺٿֻҪ˲̳ܽ
ҪȻǸʲôô̧ءͳСý̡

Ժ󰡣̳ϱТĸ˳ɷٽѧ񣬵ٸٶСӡʱ㿴᲻Ľĸ
֪ˣ߶ˣͷˡ½̾Ҳֻˡ

ջޥס㱻չ˵úܺá²ȷźܵߣ͸¾ܽǡ
ޥлҪֽͣ¡

½ҵ͸ʰͣǱ棬ﵫ£ʹ˻Ǳǡ
˵գ¡
ޥŴһ̱ȥȴҵֶסˣ𣬿ɲǼ½˿˲ÿЪ
ޥֻ̾ţȴڼô̱ô̱ʲôʱ̱ʲôʱ̱ˡ

ʣҸأ
ҵ˵½˺½ȥǰ¥ԽӷȥˡСǸءҪ£ҼҴȥ
û£һ¡ޥʣǳûУ
ղŶ½͸ΧźߡҵĶȥˡùʳ˵·࣬ޥҲʡ

ԹˣͳԲ̫ߡҰҰ죬ζﲻ̫һ
ޥҵĶЦˣǿ϶ģôԶ·ء
ޥ˵ʵҲԵùߡһôΧųԣֻӲͷƤСڳԡ
ҵĿοû£̨ϵһᡣԺԲߣʲôʱԼˣҸ
ֻû˵ʲôԽʳûʲô

ޥ
ڼʱûôأһΧ߶Ѱ͵ʱ΢ųء
ղǰ㣬ֻ˶վùؾصģޥš

˶Χ
ȵģ½ҹغôԺǲҲҪòû᲻ᰤ
ҵĵȿ۷ġ۾ڲ֪ҵĹأȹȥ˺úѧˡ
ޥʵҲģ˵ߣ½ҹشﶼ뿪¼ң˵Ĺǣֻظһͦǿ򶨵ص£ء

أͷ˵йص˼ңϱʵӡ½ҵĹҲûʲôرģе̵˼Ҵ嶼ӵġֻǼǾңƽʱ󽲾ҹشˡʵûʲôʱ࿴ѧˡ
ǡҵߣ㿴㣬㿴䣬Ŷ󣬶¡
ͷ

еĶ׼̫ȫޥ迪ֻֻװƷС򿪾ˡ
ҵһʰޣһߵȲܹش󲻴ǿóġƾ㣬㲻¡
½ҵܵޥȻܵõͷ½Ҵһͷ⽭ݺӰϵķһůůᣬˣҲŲ¡

ɫˣԺ춯°غɻˡ
ɵӣһޥֿЦ̾ɵɵ
㲻½Ҹ˶ٶ
½ңǺ






31.   31    

31 

½ҹȥһ͵¼ҵĶ, °ٻһ㶼ûȫޥˡޥҲֻжʮ̧ļױ, Ҳȫġ
¼ҾˣɵĻҲǼģ뾡ޥЩǮ
ΪϱԺԺúö, һᲹŮ޳ȥﲻܸ㹻ļױ, ȥ˼ұˡˣҲΪޥ޵Զ

, ޥļױǼ򱡡
ҲΪʲô½һϱҲԵʡļױӴ̧ϱӱƲˡ

ֻ, ½˱㿶ʾϲϲЩƷ¼ҳ, ȫˡȻûʳԡ¼ҸԶֹЩ
°ͬ½ҸӳԹӷ磬㱻ȥױ
°ءֵһֻһֻ̧ȥ¼׼ļױһЩӶġ
°ش˵Щʲô, ½ֻЦذ֣һˣ˵Щ
δ÷ֻ΢Ц
°ԭ÷̫Щȴôôá

½ҵ͸Ѿ, °غ꣬ӻŵӸޥԼ
ޥ¿, ô𣿡
ҪҸ˵½ҺءӲǸʮ̧Ϊʰ˶̯ӵĿƸοѽˡ

, ʣȥ𣿡
ʵҶޥҲ°ظ˾ƣ˷, ҲеƮȥ
ҵȴ˵½ҵ˿أ˾ۼҵƤǳ
ʹϳɣһ仰Ѽ˵Ĵסˡ
죡°æٿոҿˣˣҪ̫󡣡

°ֵ˵ˣڽݸĴߡ
ޥһأ
㣿ɹػЦʵʵżˡ
ޥ۾ʮ춼Ժ𣿡
Ȼأ°ҲЦʣ˭Ҵ޵ӵܣİ㣬ôңҲûã

ޥͷɥġ
°ЦɵӣԺסڽݣʲôʱмԴתˡ
ޥһҲǣָǻҪȥԺԼˡ
ݣʢŮӳŲʲô¡رЩȭŹŮӣžͳˡ

ߺҵҲûɶ
ֻһǣȻϸϸ˵ûôס
Ҿתͷ
˼ңϱײŵġҪţųŷҪƲСţ˿ϸơȻˣҪԼġ

ޥûء½Ҳͱ˼̧Ǳ²̵߽
ޥô鷳𣿡
°ԥһ£ҪȻȿż棬ȿ½ҵĹ˵
ޥ£һһҵĹء㿴ɩӣԭڼҲϰۼҲͬģ֮ҲۼҵĹߡ
ĵһ°ٻңʲôءԡͷȥˡ

ҲʲôϹԺ󣬱Ͼڼˡ˵СΨޥˣƢ
ޥɶң
΢΢һ̾ǣϹˣµġԺ󣬸ǰٲһˣҲﶪģǶĺˡ
°û뵽ɵҲµһ죬ԺǱ˼ҵˣٲﲻɵһᣬοҲûô½˿ɺˣǸܵĵˣʲô£˺ú˵ǡ

ҵ룬⻰˵ãƫؼ©ˡֻδ޽޵ĹԺҲ˵⻰ٸѹֻ졣
°ȴ䡣֪·˴ӺطģǸãˡ
СɶöࡣԺ¶ҪòԣҲ
һȴŤͷ˵ġվǡ

һЪˡڶù緹͸ˡ
ޥæ
Цʣ˯ϰߣ
ޥʵͦõģǱ̫ˣûһֵֹġ

ʧЦ˵˿ģ˿໹Ǳصģຼġ
˵ຼ˿࣬û뵽ôᣬƶƵġޥ˵ڼҸǵĶ޻ģһҪ߽أıһЩҲҪĽءѹϳģž̤ʵ

Ŀ̹Ȼ󷽣Լûù˿߲ѡ
ʹˣˡ½˸ǰһˣ̫ǰ˼ޥ̹ʼ򵥣ϲ
־⣬˵ЩѱϱĲ죬ת⡣

Щ죬ޣ߶ˡ¹̫ƣǴ˵˵֪ʲôҲҡ
ޥֻ£ʶ٣ɵ⻰Ƿʲôأʶ֪ҷ˵˵ɡ
°ͷЦұȴຼ½˵𡭡
ޥš

°ֵͷб˲Żʮ־ˡֻõڷһ죬ǵҲñֵ̫ĵӣ°װģ˵Ӧһ죬ˡȥ˰ָżԼЩˣ˲ٵط
ɵЩ飬һʣ춼ɶˣɾƣ
ԡ˵Щ춼ҡҽຼ½ҵ£˲ãλʿƷԱޥ

½ҵȻ˲ã°£ƨɻŤŤ˿ˣ̫ܲϰ齡̧ۿԼӣʣ㲻ˣ
ޥ°ͣ콲һ½ҵں½ຼĸ֧軹ϸ˵˵½ĹءЩͶˡ
ɵⲻͦõǰ˵ˣʡһĨڵġ
ޥ̾
°ʣզ̬ȲǲǼС۸

ûСɺޥ˵⣬ܸоõġ
զģǲס
½ʵǲġ½ߵӶޥҲã͸˷ˣӻˣ

硣ޥ˵Լ˵ˣԺܲܳˡ
ϻ˭ҹϱȥȥˣ㿴ɩӣǰϲ԰Сʱһȥԣ㿴ӽۼţɻǸʱ䣿˺ܸܶ࣬ȥܸ°˵ţеԼϱˡ

ǳϱ·Ųã·˾Ͱȫˡ
Ҳڼ˵зûиҲġ
ԼûΪŮʱôڲģҸʮֵ⣬ԼŮ档

ǲ̫һ硣ޥ½ҵĹظǼĺܲһ
˺ܺãޥҲܺáޥҲظܵ½Һ¼ҵĲࡣ
оδ췭ظı仯

°͵һأһӺֳЩƵģƵġ
еᣬͳڼϣ½Ըġ
ޥɶ
ЦǵĲ
ޥҲʲôҽԹˡ
ǽزϵĵﶼвޥѾԹˡ

°ͬʱеɵûǵϱѡ
ǵȻΪԵջĳԼġɳЦǵģȫõĲҪһ㿪ʼŶӣõ

ޥգգۣ׹ǷۺɫӲʼѸο
У룬ûɵס½һ˼ûи

°صȥ½Ҹױ𣿡
ޥǿŷյ½Ҹſ𣿺𣿡
°ص˾ƣ̫½˲ŰſţһͰԿ׸ˣӸء뿴ұȥҲ

߼뿴뿴
ޥʵҲ뿴ȵȺ½͸Ľжȣѹ˺棬ߺȥɣһ£
°ؾˣ㲻ȥʲôʱôܳסˣ
ޥŵ½ڿأҲܡ

ôҲסСã֪Ϊ˲˾áÿؾصؽԼ
°صıһᣬĵɲ






32.   32    

32 

°ص, Ҵȥһ£߻
ҵģȸԾȥˡ
ޥһ̧, 仹ڽŴӡ
ޥ죺㲻ȥ

⺢ӱܰƺ¼һߴߴķЩںϡǰ·, ʱ̣, ȫ¼˵·ͬˡ

ޥĬƬ̣Ȼʣ, ǰҲ½һغܴ𣿡
ӵֶ˶, ࣬˼, ġ

ߺҵȥ˺ܾòŻʱ鶼ڲסļ
ö࣡ץޥʹ, öö࣡
ޥ죺֪ѽϲѾ˵𣿡
ĸоõ߼ƽ
ҵģҲʹͷ, ǣ⿴ûɶо, һֽ
Ҫۿܸܵ

ͷ棬ô󣡡
ǳ˿ӣҴûôÿӣ
ЩƷ˵, ѽݣȥôµĶ
Щϱߵ, ģֶ岻ȥ

ߺԭ˯ڴμҪ˯ޥĽ̤ϣޥ˵˰½Щ
Ǵү˵½ҺֹǺֱҶ֪˵ʲôˣ˷ܵ˯ţ½ҶðҪǷҲۿͺˣһ˵ÿˣ

·ܵıޥļױֻ̫¼ҾôЩҵף°ٻʮСģԵİٻܳԵĳɵĿã°ٻֻ԰˼˼Եİٻǿռ°ٻɡ
ֻٺ»Ļҵ¼ҵĵʵޡŵԵĻ£ʮۣƫôһ£ޥļױԵʮֵĺˡ
·Ϊ͵͵˺üء

μߴߴ˵Щ˸ñŶ䡣
ʵ᲻¡ߴûġ붼ЩǰֻѰ
ֻ̾ڣū澣źһûʶС㡣
ڱʪͷ

ޥӶ˵ǣ½Ҷ̫ˡ
½̫ˡ
ޥ˸˵Լĸо
Ҷ̫ôأֻܣТ˳ţɷŬһѽҪԲ˼Ҷݺǲǣ

ޥ۾ϴˣָȴմŲ㡣
½°ظĲȻȿջԼĺóࡣ
δʱִĿ⣬һ˿˿𣬳嵭һ㲻

Ҫڴǰޥһһʮ죬ݶޥ϶ǸЦ
û뵽һ
ÿ˵Щ֪Ķʮģ˵˵ǿǡԺӳء

ʮʱôȥˡ˼գޥڴ¼£˸ͷ°ؽ˻Ρ
ԺТ˳ţڼּҡԺﲻߣҲߣչ˺ԼŽӵ˵£ȥǱȥϲϡ
ǻƻ裬ﰵĻֻõ߬ȹڡ
šһҲ֪ûޡСǸĴɵӡ
Ҫˣ

½żµĽͯ·һˡ°񣺡ֳˡ
Ҫ¼ҵŮ½ȥˡ
С;Ƣã߻ˡ°˿󣬻룬롭

ôأ˼һޥǲܵˡ
°˵ȥˣ᲻صæȥĨһѡ
ˣ

½ȴ¶΢ЦһҾģұغúôޥٰü
°ؾ÷̫ˣ½Ҳ̫ˡõе˳ܲˡҲ֪ԼΪʲôֵĸо
Լǣ˶õ̫ȷǻ˻ְ̿ɡ

ݽֵģҪ׶һ㣬÷Ų۸á
òˣɱ˵ס˵Ļ
ݣǿ϶ö˵䶲ŵĻҪӻȭͷʾˣ۸ȢϵʱҵĴ˸ǰɵļȭͷġ
°ءɶ½һĶˣʵ²ȥֻ֣˵ôһˡ
ǿɱӭ׵Ķ鶯½ҵĹӣ¼ҵĹȢ˼ҡ

ޥȫŸͷ½ΡšظöѾ߲ɵģȻͽԼԺӡ½¼˵ˣޥǲŸԲޥ޽һԺ䡣
£оˡ
ϲﳪ˼黰ǰȻһֱͷϵϲڽˡ

ޥ˳̧ͷ½ЦüС
ޥµõǸֲ㷸ˡֻҪ½Цͻ᲻Цȥ
һ̣ޥؼֻ½Ƶġ½۾½۾ﲻЦ⣬ӰӺ⡣
һǵôһɲǵͨʱ˿̶˵ؼҲֻˡ

ֱЦ½ޥʵ
·ﻹкܶˡ
ҶЦ⣬ǴĽ
ϲﳪɲŮò֮ϡҲ˵ЦޥЩ˵Ǹء̲ס΢΢ͷ

ܶ˵ϲĿȥһֵϷˣЦؿ˵Ĺάףء
֪˭Ѿǰ֪ӳף½ĸף½ҵϷˣôܲμӻຼݵˮ·˳ͨһԭ¡

·һֱ֡Ƴ·ԺԺϲ硣
ޥԼ·治е
ޥһⷿ䣬ˡ

˰ɡȻ·ɡԸߣȥٷȡЩ·
ԲޥյѾˡæȥҵġױţǼԼõҵڿš

ƳۻԱ߷̵䡣Щ֪ˣޥ߱ôϡСˡޥѾԸ˳׼ʳȿѣЩ
˵ѾҪ

仹û֣һֱڷﰲѾ֣ٷˣߡ
ޥ˳Ѿߵֿһܻ磬ǵȥҲȥˡѾˣš

ޥֳַļ¡
ԺԲҪٴһصģñáСĵرãս½ҵѾߴˮޥж˻ڣϴѳ

һ࣬İ˷ȹСˮ۾СУԺոŵĽ
ٶôذ䰡ͯŮ
軶ϲ۾ˣޥֱۣٷˡ

½ҺԺ͸֮ףޥĸдֱһߵ¡Ѿߵٷ˼񡣡
Ѿ߱ȥ
ūӡ
ū÷㡣
صٷˡ

Ժﵱٷ˵ġޥȲæףԺˣ㡣
ޥѾ֪ߡǡ̡˼ϵرأֹʳԣʵ಻֮ͬԯޡ
ޥúô֤Һúѧġ
Ǹء֣οЦˡ

Ѿ߶˼˿Сˣ嵭¡ޥ㲻طڳˮ
ϲزס飬һ˫۾ʲôװסЦ˰ɣ԰ɡһЪʳˡ

ʳˡ֮ĻǳСӵʱŻ˵Ļޥһ죬ȴů
ڣ½İȴôˡ
ӡ÷ź򣬱ߺҲȥ÷ˡõøЩޥ꣬Ѿˡ
ǽյİţš衢׵ȵȡ

ȻѾ߽ӹˡ
Ҷޥȥ
ޥͷòҿˡ

½Цվٶ
½ʮǣ衣۸վκŵޥֵˡ
㣬ʲô۵ӡϹͷȷҲеۣȥˡٷ˺ú˵˵
½˰񡣿֪͸ȴ 
ޥƼסˡ

ѾǶЦȥˡ
ǮһҲ׺ںųȥˣޥ½ҲȥˡҲ뿪ⷿӣֻ˵˘Ĵμ
ֻʣޥ½һˡ






33.   33    

33 

½ת, ޥѾվȿ˵
һѣɫ䲻½ϲķ, ȴʮϲӦ»ơ
üۼЩţ½δЦ, ʣû

½żޥϲŨϣӳĵ½رӢ, ԲŲɵЩš˭֪˽ӵޥȻ㲻ˡ
ʲô, ضݹˣѾ½½Ե
һЦ˸˼, ѾԹ

ȥüۼյ
½, ֪£, ЩĶ
ֻǰѾ˵ˣͻС²ż, Ҫٵϴꡣ

ʵѾˡΪ˼ҺٹＰǱģͨһ, ʮߡǳ˼ңżʮġ
ĸ֪˸, ٲĺˡܶһһ졣
ޥôʵຼĶϵˮѹ·ˡ

½Ȼߵޥǰȥ, ָ˲ߡ
ޥһϽĨĨմ𣿡
Ĩһ¿ָɸɾʲôûСղ극ʳӲѽ

½ǺЦͫޥǰμ̫һûش
ޥôסˣ㡢
½˵Ҹˡ

ÿ춼㣬˵˵ȴš۾ˣʮˣܼˣˡ
סޥ򢣬ĴָĦĴ꣬ʣޥﻶϲ㻶ϲ

⣡½ᱡ
ޥ嶼ˣڸ޷
ǣǣصķ⣬㲻ᱡɣ

½΢΢ͷ
꿴ͫУЩʲôޥú¡
Ȼס˳ӡ
Ⱦˣ½֣ʡ
һ½ͱɵôľȻڲŷӦ

½Цˡ
ǰޥǸһˣЦʱ˿ʧ񡣿ɴʱ˿̣żЦȴûдǰƵᡢĸо
񣬺ܷ
ֵֹͣġĪ

ɲȾƵģɵϡ½ֽעʵˣһ˵ţһסޥһͱһͱ
ޥ
ޥˣˣƷ谡

ǵģǶƷôô˹أ
ƷҪȥಲʯ
ƷҪǽ
ƷҪȥﱧһ˯
ƷҪȭ
Ʒ裬ҪѼе˶һ١

½Ʒ̫˹ģ˵Ҳ̫ޥûܵһʱ䷢ʵѾˡ
һ⡢Цֵġ鲻Խɬ˽͡

ޥ֣ţҸǲǹˣǵģȥ˵ǣߣߺȥ
½׽ס󣬶ԸմӘ̽˸Դߺȵû£ȥ

½߷·Ⱥɽ֮۸߲ʵѩЩ˵ĶԻСޥɤŴ߶ˣ֪ô¡
½һȣֹס˽Ų˻صȥˡ

ɵϡ½ޥεЦʲôӣǾƣܲȣЦ
ޥϸ˵˵һҲӡ
½ЦŨ˭˵Һˡ

ðɣǲԼ˵ġ
ҪǺˣôֶţҪǺˣôô֡ҪǺˣôڻ󲻷ſء

ޥҲøղԼһżɤ̫ˡԹ˵ЦѹʣҽǸѾɣ
ССͣüɬδʾȴҪڳһͻģ½ʮЦ
ü۽Ƕ͸ŷʣҪ𣿡

ǲԲˣϲɢˣͲٹˣֱӻԼԺȥ
ޥȴ˵ҪѾǲϾõģǲǵٹ
½ʵˣ仹һ˿ܹƽʱ̫һο»ϲ֮գǰýȢصӣ½õЦһҲ޷

ֻ벻˵꣬ޥһ˫ڰ׷۾գգȫȻûеĵЦ֮⡣
ֻ꣬ȴһѾ֪£Ѿ˳˵ǵһ¶Բǰһ죬гŮ¡

½ӦӻСв顣ĵЦ̾һˣϲᵽɢˣѾ˯ˣҲֱӻԼԺȥˡ
ޥšŶһе㵣ĵصǡ

½ϲޥЦûϵǱߡ
û˵꣬ͻȻ洫ӵ
ͬʱתͷ򴰿ȥȻʲôҲƺˡ
ô£ȥ½ޥ֣Ъ˰ɣûˣúס
˵΢΢һЦſֳȥˡ

ˣ߲̽ͷ̽ԵؽȴҹվԭأһĦһֻЦ
һЦ˶
ޥŻȻһ£ǿʣôˣ
֪ءȥȥˡߵǲǿЪˣ

˰ɡޥ˵ղ˵ûҵˡ
ʲôЦøĿˡ
ޥϷϼᣡ
߲ڲģҲøİ㣬һӸĵùһ£

ޥһҲǣ
۰Ͱ͵ؿ
֪ףǸƺϣ³ȴôסޥһ˵
ִ߰ڶϣ˵ɶ

ޥšˣֻߣһˣ˵ûҵˣǿЪˣˣ˰ɣ
֡

ޥһһߣһ߱Լȥ´
æȥԺ󣬶
ޥֲû֡
ߵ㿴ղ÷㣬Լˣ绹أοǼ˼ңȻҪŷҵĹߡԺ󰡣ٷ˵ļӶ½ңɱǰƵԼϳ壬ۿɲСǡ
ޥƵ֪ˡ

Сղ᷿˵үˣæҲˣšүˣŷĻȥ
ޥ⣺ʲôĵģ

»ҹһعҹﻹǸСʲôҵܷģȻǵöǺ˾Ƶ뿪ܷġ
߱ޥЩʱٻ˴򽻵˵ȷֱЩ̸г̫߱㶮ñޥЩ
ղ½Цһ䣬ޥû߸ᣵˡ

ֻޥһ¶߷ýˡֻ룬ﶼˣʲôʱ泤󰡡
룬ǵʱ·˻ҪʱػԲǰˣֲġ

߱ûͣ˹ȥֻŰޥѣӣľΣˡ
ŲҴңԻţʥˡʥ˱ˣ
ʥ˱ǻʵۡڰУʵ۱ϵ̫
ŵһ֣һء

˳ʮʵۼݱϢڴ˸ݸһͬĻµ۵ǻϢ
ʳﵽ׷ʲô˲ֻ֪֪ǱУʳǴűʮղ´򿪡
ŹʮӵǻƵۣԪ̩
گڷƾ뾩

·СﶼϢˡ
ٻ¼ңҲϢζʲôֻǱܵظе¡
½ϲѾˣԶԶأ಻е
ޥãȻǡʲôϵ𣿡

֪ܿˡ
һǸգݳϲµĲֹ½һҡϣతְ澰˳죬̩۵ǻϢ
֮ڽ֡֡Ȣ
ٻ֮ɥ

÷첽ϲ񡢼ҪˡѾڳˡٷҲó
ޥʣǣϲ硭
Ѿɢˡ÷صүѾ·ȥˡ

½ҵѾ߶ˣ÷ٷ԰Ǹô죬Ѿȥʾˡ
ޥ
ٷءɲڼ¶еֳǶǰͷ½Сȥ
ͷ֪ˡ

Ŵ컨ĺϳȥϲ򻻳Ѱİ
֯˽ߵĺɫ֯˵ʯƶӶรĺժҵִѰһƵĻȥԧϲϲһˣѰõɫ

Ѿǵǲңɡ
ֻޥ߿ŴֽܿⷿûС·ա
̲ס룬ǸңԶĻʵһ˵㾪ٹ
δˣȴΪһϲĻɲƴɢ·ûһ






34.   34    

34 

˳λʮ, Ϊ˴ܿλʱõĻʵۡذʺ󣬻һ̫ӡ˶ΪǸʱˡ
ʱ, ޴ͻȻһŮǸλǿɸģ
½˲ϲͣϲ, ҴҸá

ڶޥ׼˪ɫѸϴ󲻿ġ
ɥ, û취Ȱ˵˵ûҪТء
ߵ»ϲأ
ô죿˵
ߴͷɥ

û, û¡ޥǸĴģ, ·Ҳͦÿ
˵Ϲޥϲ̣ϲ֯Ž, ıؽӡ˪ɫ·Բˣûءȥõ, Ǻӣһˡ
߸ޥȫһ¡һֱʱޥ·̫ˡ
ô˵Ǽҹô, ʵҲͦõģ벻ΪһС¾ɥ

߱磺ͷϴҲ̫ؾ˰, һ֧ɡôҲ¼ء
ΪѣǾԵͷؽˣŲЭˡ
̸ֹʣ¼, ½˿
ޥȻԼҲ֪֮϶ǡҪȻʲôרѰһŮء

ߵ㿴
ޥȴİɡ
ôˡ
СѣԺҪٷˡ

ʰ, ԭԤŽ׵ġޥȴ֪ĹҹŸϻؼЪ£һʱ
ޥʣǡף
Ը⣬ٷ÷ү˵
ޥ˵ʲôֻܵͷ
ѾдʹѾ˳ʳе䣬ӡ÷ϰڷ

СѾͷƿˡ
͵СѾͷܻҲ֪֡Ժޥֻ֪Ӻ÷㣬Ϊźġ

ޥæȥãһȾͿ½
½øֶתż˪ɫԲۣ˿崹˵ĸɾ֮⡣
ޥǰûʶ˪ɫԱôÿ

ߴſ졣ԵѾ߶ͷȥ򴽶Ц
ʵ̫ɣޥ½ȻһɫȻһӡޥȻˣӣȥ½Ľеһ顣

½ޥһЦϬˣ
ȻЦЦºͣҲֻͣãûн䡣ֶһͦε񣬼Ҿһְ֮С
ϣĿֱ
ϹȻΪ˰ɡ
ޥ˿΢΢ϥôˣϸˣҪȻһܽе

½ҹŻأĸЪ£ոҲæŴ׼ƷТ£׵ҵõȸ㲻÷
ޥˮһ㣬æҲûвģġ£ȥæ

½ϸûжӰ˯һϣӣȷʵûʲôֲ̿ģ
æйȥæʲô¡ɥȴԶھǡ½Цǰҵ±ˡ

ˣ
ѾǶأôô˵
ȻѾһ۹۱Ǳǹĵģ½ֺЦޥֵССر˿ӲɬŬֵõȻ򶨣ǡǱһ÷ɡ
½Ŀޥ÷ۺĶɨ֪ǵ˼ޡ¼޸ԣȴ͸ǰʧ˷磬ϡסЦˣɫ÷ɡ

˰ӡ÷źš߾Լȥɲ岻֡ʵվں棬½ҵѾô
һӵͬˡ½ʣ˭ѣ
ߣѾͷ𣿡

ǣ䣬СǸޥţȴССɺеȸԾ
Ѿͷ۹ãǵ½˵ţһСŵޥĵʣɳԹຼ

ǰССģƤҲɽĴӺܲһ
ûСޥ˵ڡͤμǡ˵СĵĻƤ𣿡
½Ƴһۣ鶼ˣ
ޥҵö඼˼еҿ顣

ղŻںߣȻͻǻС½Ц֪ôԣ
֪ͤμǡд˵ġ
ȳ԰ɡ

֭ḷ́￴ˣҪҧƤٳƤڣ¶ӡ
ޥͤ˵Եڵ㣬۾ˡ

½Ҳֻ˰࣬ЩСˣ˵ʳ֮磬ϲʳһϲۡʵǳԲ̫ߣճڼ緹ȥԺۼҵĳӶǴຼģóϵƫƫ𣬿ݲͬԣԲߣҽѧѧ³ˣҲҸó˵ĳӡ

ˡޥæġ
ⲻ죬ʵʳ죬Բϰ̫ĸ׵ôˣһڽݲ˶Բµġ½㲻Ҫ룬ʲôϰߵģֻ˵ǡ
ޥܵĹͷϰߣ˵û˵㲻Ҫʦڡ֮л

½ƣѩײ΢ȾϵķۣʮֵȥһǾӡûֻƿߣҷޣ˵л
»һգطδţδ裬δסȻ½Ļůޥﾹ˿û¼Ļֲ̿

극ڴμˣޥʣǱ𣿡
ġȸˣĸ׻ʹǡ½Ҳջкܶ¡
ɥ𣿡ޥʡ
ǡ½ͷȵȥʮѾ˴󱦣گݸڱƾҶڴ׼·

ޥĹעȴ᣺ʵôѽţʮ
½ʧЦȵ۳٣÷ʢڱλġ
ޥ룬ɱǰٻǮ̡Ȼ⻰ֻ룬˵ǲ˵ģҪǶԻʵ۲ǻԴġ
ʵۣԼǶɱĻʵۡ

ޥֹأ½ü˵ʲôֻ˵
ޥʵʣϻʵˣǵʲôӰ졣˵½Цûʲôֻ±½ҵѾЦȥ¼˵
ס˺ģ˵Ҹͷʱ򣬷·𿴵һλϷˣǲǡ
ĸ½ͷĸһֱຼҴǰຼͩԺ飬һֱ˼ߡĸΪǵĻ¶
ޥ΢Ц֤ĸһϲ㡣

½·Ϊ½ҹŹ飬ڲߣԺﶼʮְ
½ԭμϿ飬½˲ȴͣ˘ſڣʹ˸ɫ
½˻⣬ᣬŵظ贩ãȥ˶μ䡣

½Լ鷿ĶμҼ齣鰸ī½ճӵĳ
˶μ䘆ȵš
ôˣ½ʡ
ŵ̫̫һ㻽˹£ȥĵʿɮ¡
ҪʲôҪʲô½üϲϹɥбңƫ̫̫ҡ

ԺѾͷ˵̫̫ȥһֱˡúõϲ¾˹ɥ߶һ»ٶţʮа˾Ҫ㲷㡣±ȥֵĻˡ
½üͷø

ֵĻʦ̫ǸӪˡ½Σ½Ҳ֮áֻ½ֻһ֪ǸӪӪ֮ˣʮ񣬴δζԱŸֻЩǮˡ
æƽ̤Ǽҵšֻп룬ȴһôǮϰ¡˵ʲôֻҪǮ˵ʲô

ԭˡ½ָ齼ϻߵǾ̫̫ó塣˹ɥܲסĸˣ׷˼ңദáҲ˵̫ˣ˵Ҳ辪壬ԶЩҪͬһҳռɡ
ڿЦĲࡣ

Ͱ͵شຼϹޥôԣҿ𣿡½ЦֻҵϱôܸǹʹԸң
Ρ






35.   35    

35 

̫Ҫ, ½˯֮ǰ˺ʱ
ޥԺҵĵ̽̽ͷƼ, ĳ˵ү˵ء
ҵĵүŻǸ˵ġ
߸ˣɲǣ

ҵֻĽİţԭþ裬ףôţ
, ʵүүȥˡ˵ô, Ҳû취
˵ţϷˡ½, Ծˡ
ҵĺߴһ

˵ȥ½߰ɡ
ޥ, 㿴һͷСӣԺŴ˵Ƕ˳, æվֱˡ

ƽۡ½
Сӱع±ͷƽۼٷˡ
ƽ, ȡ½СԺԺԽ, ʱ, ƽ۴
ޣޥͷá

ߺҵĶẈ̂ͳݹȥ, ƽЦŽˣлٷˡ
ֻһ£漴糣½ô, ½ҶߵȻǴġ
ޥҲɵǺȻϵıֻһ˲ޥҲˡ֪Լ׼ĺⶨǱˣûҵһС˿

ʲô취ءжԶ󷹣¼Ҽҵ׾ôЩѾƫˣΪ˶ɩĻ¡
ޥԹԣ̹Ȼ֪Ժ϶ֹһղʲôȻ̹Ȼ
¼Ҳ鱨¼ҵʲôӵģ½֪ġ

½һ۵ףޥƽף̹ȻĿ⣬ǹ˹
ƽۻأ̹Сĸٷ˴·
ƽǰ棬½һϡޥ΢ȹڣҲҪϣǰ½Ȼת֣߰ɡ

ޥƽֲȥˣ
ѾӶأ
ɣҲ½־ôţܵŴҵܾʧӡޥǼðֻȥ
½Ȼޱȵ߬ס֣΢΢һЦʩʩȻǣ뿪Ժӡ
ߺҵĻʹɫЦ˺档
Ժʰ

½½Ϸ𣬸ط࣬һȥ濴ڰϲ¡
½ϷףڹԼӣ˯ˣ˯ˣ
½Σ˯ˣ˯ˡ˼ĪҪˡ
½Ϸ⵱ôܲġҲȴǰˣҪע塣
½ֻŵ΢Ц

Ѿ߽Ӻٷˡ
˶Ǿһ
ܿ죬ÿһ˱żһ˽˪ɫѣһһ˫ˡ
˶پǰһ˽
½ˣޥ಻ĵطڴ˿һСŮӦգҲ¶˷ĵĻϲ΢Ц

ˣҲ
׸һλӺݵ̫̫½˷򸾶̫̫ס
ޥʱӦýŵġǣһҲýšΪﻹ½¶ȡ

һ·½ǣ֣µġĸǴȰҳף֪жˡ
Ǵຼģûгˣ̸׵ģҶҲСµġ
ǸĸģǱ㡣

ޥ̲סʣǡأ
֪ôʲʡ˭Ǹĸ֮ý֮أԼûоԼԵȨ̲סʳֱ½Ϊⲻˡ

½˵ʣء
·۾ʵЦء
ǣֵļһȻΪˡŵޥףϲʳ󵨵⡣

ޥ峺Ӷ½ȭͷڱǶ˵һ£񷢳޵һЦȴ˵ȥٸ㡣
ޥ֣ǣȥ
ޥûش𣬿֪Ǵһʧػ½֡

ǵֱʱŷſ˹ؾأԺϺ񷨵̬һ߽
ޥзǵӣη塣
ɫˣ۾üؾءǰ֪Ǿ˶ͷԹ½½˻Ը̧һҵĹš
Ӻ½Կţʵ䡣ЩԭȰ뿴½ЦģҲϨ˼

ޥϱ裬Ŀڳơסĸס½һͷ档
ϱ꣬½Ҫȥ
ɥ´ȢϱС
½ˡ
½ȴޥίˡ
ޥΪ²ͣϱûʲôίġ
󷽷峺ó̹ϣûʲôԹ

½ȢϱһǱ°ٻľ֮һΪĸԭĵطֻܽˣտϱԤڵúò١
½ͷϷ˺˸뿪ˡ

ˣ½Ϸ˿ʼޥЬӡĨڳơĸ̫̫Цеصͷһ𻨹ӡ
ǻǶŸɫʯѾ߶˳ԡ˷͵͵ľ
ؾѹ½͵ͷ档
ຼ½в֪ϱ֮µģȥ½ˡ½ֻ΢Цһ

ޥȻ֪
ЩѾʶ½ҵĸ˽½˵Ĵ£ƽֻ½Ϸ⻨ʵһѰ˵ϱԺ뱲ӣҪǸദⳡ˸ͨѹϱţ̫Ҳá
̫ŸĶȴȻڹˡ
ޥ½˵ġĸһϲ㡱˵ʱʮֿ϶ޥ̤ʵˣ׵ؽˣߣ׵ظлʹ͡

½һ˶½˵˶˶ױʾ˶ϱӣȻ˲ʶȤصˡ
׼õҡסӡЬһһͳȥջָĻ񡪡󲿷ֶȽ棬ûʲôںġ

һգ½˶½һ½ŵϱӡ󶼻
ò˳סһҲᣬ˺һŮӵѾˡ
˳˳ؽˡ½ڿڣ˰ɣȥɣЪһЪޥˡ

Ϸҵĺ߶ϲ
ԺȴûƽۣС˲Ǹޥ΢в죬½ֵӣûʡһµط»¶Ҫһ죬Ҳ˷ġ

ϷԶЩ½ȻȻǣסޥ֣ϵ·𣿡
ϵãס·ޥеС·ˡ
½ü·
á

ޥǣס½֣ͳȷķȥǼס·
סԺԶЩڻ԰Ǹϡ·ϣ½ָ½ﾰͣȴޥƺлҪ˵ʣôˣ
ޥԥһ£ʣҽա𣿡

½ʧЦ
׻Сû뿪ĸϰκ¶ҪԸĸ˵Ŀ϶߷񶨡֣ܺأأҿĸ׺ĸ⡣

ޥһ
½Цֵլӵ԰ӻʰӣعţҴúùһ䡣
ޥ˵شӦˣã

۾ȸԾġϲġڴĹ⡣̺ıżǿĸȾ½鶼źˡ






36.   36    Ǯ

36 

½ǣ, ߣĸ֡
·ϲʱеˣŲҴ, бТµģǶΪɥæµšǣֵˣ, ж̲ס¶Ц⡣
ЩЦޥߣ־øˡ

½һ·ǣޥصԼԺ, ű÷˵÷
÷Ӧˣȥ洫ǸСѾͷӱɿܳȥ, Ȼȥˡ
ʰӡ½Ҿ, Աߵ㡣

û𣬶ҵĹŵġﶫ, ɿȥˡޥǼȷ˼飬ʶ, Ҳ֪ʲô飬㶼ˡ
½һ, μǣ˷, ̧ۿޥ

ȡޥ͡ʹʱ䡭
ǽµĻӣ̽, ·ƽһ֡Զ˵ʲô飬ڼﺢ͵Ҫְ֡ӲʺŮӶ

½һţ, ЦЦãҲʱ䡣ȥ˶μ䡣
û˵ءޥһ
ҵĲԡ

صңʰӡ
νʰӣǿԼƷȡŲʵǻ֮ǰѾˣֻСС
ӡ÷źģٷ˻ûʽҲöٷ˵Ķ

ޥڻ˸½˲裬ɡ
ޥ֪ԺԼѾͷˣһͬæ˶󣬺ܿʰ䡣
СѾͷߣˡ
÷ȥڷ

Ȼ½˵½ҵĳյĲ˶ǽζ
½ʣɻԵùߣ
ޥͷȼԵõЩóԡ
óԾС½Цҵʱ򣬿ɰˡ

ޥˣ㲻˵
Ϊҳʧˡһ;ǶԵ¡֪Ǳء½ֻһӣ£ǿ¸ϲˡ

ޥǿϹ˵û˲ϲ㡣
ģ½бؿû磿
ޥԾô֪˵ҧԼͷæҲǣ˼ǡ
½̧ͷݶ𣺡˵ġ
ޥɼ

ֻʱȫҶ½Ƶһˣѩ̤մһ㣬˭֪극ص᲻ᡰֶֶ֡عˮ
ͱﲻסꡱЦ˳

½ؿʲôأ
ޥûʲô
½·ܿСԴʲô棬Ȼǰˣĸǰʳԣ޲
ޥæá
Թŵʱ½仹ûԲޥȴᵽʲôǷһˡ½½׽Ǹˡ

극ޥʣˣҪȥЪ𣿡
½ȴ˵Ժ˶Ϲ𣿡
ޥûü

ͨ»ڶ죬첻˾׼ȥţס׵ʱԼҵѾ߱ðʰŲŲ÷ŵķš¼Ҹ˱һݼ·ˡ
ȴϹɥ½ޥȥҲ
ͳֻһѾͷߺҵĻҪȥϷֻһԺʰ
ÿһ¶ˣֱϵ緹

½ͷһˡ
ޥȴЪЪ÷ɡ
½һۣһЦá

ޥΪ½ȥμЪ½һ°ڣֱȥμ
ߵĴμҼŸޥճӵĵطҲдѡμ˽ܣңҲҼ䣬ޥˡ
ޥ죬ֱϣŬظϡ
ӦˣķԭͲˣԭȨ̤Ӳ̤ĵط

ˣӷϲ衣½ȥ÷ɣ˷һݼٷˡ
ղŷ޶ԻӶˣ˵Ȼ½ȴЦųޥлٷˡ
˳ȥ½ޥĸԺģ÷ԭԺˣԼҲ֪šģ˵֮Ѱĵġ

һһ磬ޥѾӡ÷ԶʤߡǰڼҲʹѾͷ࣬ôòġ
֪½ⶼǺ⣬һЦá

½ؿ
ޥմʲô𣿡
½յۣûС
²յָ齼ϻߵ˼£̧ۿʼޥڼﳣЩӣ

ȡޥֱͦż

½иÿġ
ޥ۾һˣ Ҳϲ㶼ʲôĹ¿ûǵĹ¿ûϲĻǶ¿ͣصʮɵĹҲÿ˵˵ϲġһ
½ЦЦĿԽԽС
½üż
ޥڨڨ

½ƫͷȥȭͷס˱Ǽ⡣
ޥ죺ЦЦ¡˭֪Ц˵ţҲ˸ȭͷִӡ½Ӵʱʵû٣Ѿüοˡ
ȷ½һϰ߶½ԼҲֻ֪ޥѧ˼ĸоȤЦˡ

ޥʣҲǾΪڲң
ȻҲ½ڳϣȻʥ飬Ҫֻǲ֪ܽҲܽиĸ֪ȻҪ˵ԼĿǣҪȥ¡

ǸƮɺƵģرؽӵ
ޥ˵ʲôоûл𣬷̤ʵˡ

Ȼӣٷˡ
ޥ溰ʲôô½Ѿ
һ䣬ƿӽޥȻ
¼ûôأֱӾӽˡޥԼҪע½ҵĹ¼ҵĲ֮ͬ

䱧һֻϻӷ齼ϣ½Ժƽ۸͹ġ
ûƽۣԭʲôȥˡޥֻ½Ķû⣬䣺Թû
ԹˡղŹӺٷ÷ڸǰ̺ҾȺһˡ
Ҷܸ԰źþСޥͷ

Ҫ¡
½ϻƹȥ㡣
ޥʣʲô˵ƿ˸ӡ
ӣתͷƳһۡǸƿһƬ⡣
ȥˡ

ϻеСӳչ⣬һƬ⣬ޥյ
ޥסգССľ⻨ÿ
һٵǰεģҴû
½Ц
ޥֵҲмǰҵȥǧҰ꣬Ӻطõġرÿ᲻ˣء

½Ժǣ᲻ã˵ʱ͡
ޥӵжֵָס̧ۡ
½ڶ棬еЦֻ˵ڵʲô

ʯ䣬ǰɩ˵˽ޥƮ
Щԭֲ㡣ֻ˭ʶþأɩӣȴֻǰӣã˵ġ
Ժ˷ңҪǵ÷ˡ͸ǹ˵ġ
ĺãȫšϹҲãǮҲãܣţ֣ա˼Ҷĺܲܣˣ˼ҾͲˡ
֪ôл򵥣ͶЦˡ
ɩӵģû

ޥʶ¡
һǣ׼ͷ϶ǱˡƽõǮ¶һ˲Ȼֻ
ǣɩӽģüˡ






37.   37    

37 

ޥʵھĴɩ, 治ǹˡԹ°ʱʱ̶̿Լϱ
Ȼʲôϵˣϵ˷ãϵԸǮķʽֺá
ޥĲ֪ʱôӦ½ɩӾȻһ㶼ϵˣ

ޥЦˡ
ǼЦɩӵ, ̲סҪЦο½Զ΢Ȼע⵽С, Ȼһʱ˰š
ֲô·Ϸʱûƽء˵ʲôʱ͵͵֧ʹƽȥȡϻӵأȻ֪

», ЦʱڵĴһá
½üչ, һ˿õЦݣӦá
ֵл
ڲᶯͺˡϾѾݹˡ
½áһ, ҷޣлʲô

Ȼô˵, ȴޥǶŵġ
˴䵽˵ϣޥûôԶ, ҲܲСľˡоҲССĵ⡣

ޥ֪֪֮Լܲصסˣ±½, ת˻⣬ƽʱЩʲôأ
½˵˰䡰ƽʱȻ, ӣٷˣˡ
β½, ޥȵ롣Ǵ˼ˡ

ӣЦؽˣ󻹸ŸѾͷ, Ÿϻӡ
½ޥϤ½衣ڽݸ´ڻǰʮＸն顣ޥǺ׺׽ӣѾˡ
ˡ衱Ҫ

ٷ˲á谴סճЩ꣬ҲǸˡţѾۼҵٷˣ𱰲ɷϡ
ޥ½ȻҲǵغ衱ȷҲûЩԥ˵
ЦУ׼̫̫ơٷԺңҴ͸ӣҲվţ۱ˡ
½ˡ½ޥǰԳơūū澡Ѿʮֵˡ

ޥɴŲóһط
⶯ʮֶţȴϿɰ̬ҲԶ͸һֳĸᡣȻΪ˽ݺһҲ򽻵½˵Եʡ

ϲ㲻ƴǣЦˡ˲ˮ
ʣԺ˿ϹûУ
ޥûأǳԷæһ磬Ŷӡ
ǿɺáʵڶ࣬ҽŹҲʱˡûá

˵ţŤͷ۸ѾͷѾͷԭŸϻӣ衣
ӹŵ齼ϣƺͦӡޥ½ֻϻ΢ԱŲŲڳطȴ˻֣Ѿͷ˳ȥˡ
Ϲԭվſ״Ҳųȥˡ

Ѿͷ
ޥ˸ˡΪ֮㷢½Ѿͷ߱ȵЩֺˣȴʮֵظ档СǶ飬ټʫء

ͦãͦáЦУϻƹȥǷ˸ٷ˵ġٷ˿
ϻӱ½ϻӸߺܶ࣬˵Сˡ
ޥʲô˵ţƿǡȴһСͭǮ
ޥԾ裿

ӷ㣬䣬滹и롣ϥǣС룬ЩٷҪˣٲҪ͡³ŷǮ⻹ʱ򣬷˱ȽЩɢǮٷˡ
˵ɢǮһӱ˵ֵֻһĵСƽǮ۶ҲûУ㶼ʮرǮһöġʮġ
ĳŵĶСӡ
ͺ½һ

ޥȻЦۡ
裬ˡ˵๫Ѿ
½ϻӴ򿪸迴

ʮ־ϲࡡһڿڣٶ֪ϱˣ
½٩ҲںһüԼϱҲţ˭ȥ룿
ԭ֮䣬䣬ʹޥһֱƫ꣬ظ졣˭֪˵ȴȻֶ˼
͸ޥǰҲܶŵģһ·˾ͺ޲ùȥ롣
Ȼʮǡ

ֱ۾ЦһߣúúãСԭ͸ٷǧԶ಻֪ϤԭӦʱʱչȫܶ׼ү̫̫

ޥ΢ȣҲů裬Ѿĸ׸ȥɣȥĸ׵л
һǮֽȥȡһϻѾ˿Ļϲ
ĸҲҲչ֮ϲˡ
趨ʡʱҪȥ½ʺޥʱĸл

ȴٷ˵ʲôӸǹӵ⣬˸Ƿ˵⣬ܻΪһ̸ѵٷֻ칫ӵͲں˵𣿡
ޥæġ
ͣҴǡ½Цĸ׸ģűǡ
ǣⳤȥģĻջĵ

ɩӽҪˡ⻰ʵĸҲ֪߶ٴˣҪТ˳ţҪɷһģҪúóּҡ
Ҳ˵Ļء
֮һŮ˼ˣӴ˷ұļңĸĸĸĸˣӴ˱һˡ

½ˣޥұƤƫĸ׵Ǯ
СôŬӣм½ǰôţ¶ʵģü鶯ֱˬ
ʮֿɰ
½Цˡ

棺ҶùˣһҲˡ
ϣվҸٷָָ⼸
ޥȺ룬ָ½˸һǮ͡

ڷĸ֮䣬ȻȾĸš
ע⵽ϸڣɼǽТַϵġ½ﰵͷ
˱һȥˡ䱧Ҳȥˡ

½ޥ׷ˡ
佫ǮһԣʷޥбǰҲ¡
˱һͷһذݼٷˣǱҪһͷġҲվȥع£һӡٷˡ
һ½ҵ͸Ѿߣ룻һǸޥ޹Ѿߺ㷿ֻɣ˽࣬ߺһҵĶ㲻롣

ޥ˵ɡ
վ
½裬ٷ˵˵Լңٷˡ
˵Щǰ£˭˵Щ

½ҵļѾ͸̲ס̧ۿȥ
ٷԲЩͶܿóüۼɬҲ֪һٻ֮Ů߼޽½ҵĴš
Ҳ˵һЩСϢ˵Ƿݵʱ㲻󿴵ٷˡ

Ȼ¿ȥٷߣһǹӾӸ£Ŀ⵭ѹһǷ˸ǰĵһЦеأһЦš
Ҷȥ
̰ڳһΪٷ˱ݻ˭ٷСͣ
⴫ԡ󿿵ס






38.   38    

38 

ޥԺˡ
ӡ÷źġǴ½Ժ, Ǽӣ߰ϱ㱻÷Ǵ½Ժģ̫̫ǰˡ
ʹ, ǳµģƵĵŷϵġ

һŵӣƺҵġ, û׼ˣɺãûϷһ
æϼǹˡҹŮ沸˸, Ϸ˳ŵʱ׼˼չϱ, û
Цҹϲ

һСѾͷӣű仹СЩ, ޥȴ½˵㷿
ޥǲͷݵġޥ, һء
ǿɲСٷ˸ĸɡ
ޥ֪֮Ҳ, ֶԼȡģ๫ȡɡ

½ȴ䣺ǡ֦뱱֦Ӱ롯
ǡǧ, 滨һ֦˵꣬˵ԭȵǽ滨
½ͷ, ޥ˵Ժ֬

֬ò侫£СȻɰʵ֬𣿺ãūԺǽ֬ˡ
֬ͣ÷, ӻע֬滨ӻ
֬˵ף˽÷ˣ

ޥЦʣ˭
֬Ҫش, ½ȿڵҷѾͷ
⻰һЩ΢ա衢ߡҵĶԼͬؿޥһۡ
ޥԼյı仯ȴԣֻޡһ

½糣ջع֮󣬽Ժ˶ͷ
ޥá
ȡСӵݸ֬

ޥظָ½˸Ǯ½ֻһΪ˺õбʾƩ˼λô˿ѣô˿½˸һ䡰ɢǮΪˣãʾ½˵⡣
һȴΪһǸǮ½˼ңظȫӡȻִӵСӲͨģҲѽޥＸӺطļСӣܱŲء½˺ϸ¶ˣСӣ׼ôͭǮ

֪ӱѾͷһһǰԱȻͣСѾͷֱȡӶͭǮ͡
ޥ
Ȼ˵½趼ɫ糣͵ѾͷǣȻЦ˵л͵ĻȴҲûʲôرľϲɫ
֪Ĵ½ȥؼңطҲȥ档

ޥʵСˣ˻ӣԭǺЩӽǮ֮ġֻǰڼһ·˲ŸǮ㻨ûôǮѡ
ޥ㲻䷢͡ǴԼϰߣںؼɵϰߣȻҲϰΪġ
ޥ̬ǰ漸Ѿͷ̬ͣѾĺãΪͼӶˡ

֬ҲͣޥСҲɰҲǵСܵڿ죬˵СأһЩ
ץһͭǮ֬
֬˫ֽ˱ţϱ˶˼ʵеĻϲлٷˣ

½ҵ˶ˣޥ˱ݼ½
ޥ½ԭҵױģܺáҵСӣҲû˵СӵĹڼʱԿģӶʵ治
ƽ۹ޥ˴ͣҲһСӡ
½ҵѾͷǰ¼ҵ˱ûʲôʶҲ֪ܸޥŬֳ򶨵ӡ

½ӵͣҵĴС󣺡Ժߡ
˾ܵò£ǹүߵģ֪ǹү棬Թӡޥ˶ܸˡ
ˣˣ˶¡迪ڸ½˵ٷٽ¡
½ˡȥˡ

ޥҵ/̳ģòãٷ˾ǡ֬ĵǷ˵㷿Ϸ˶죬ʲôĶ㡣ڳʳϵ£Խȥ˵ƵĵŷҪȥȲ£
ⶼõϢޥл衣
˵յİţԭ˱ŵġֻȴȼ죬ٻšѾǴȥүǴкˡ
ޥȻʲô¶øɥ·
࣬ҪأޥҪֻãٷҪϰߣĪɷ̫š

ޥڼʱ·ߵĻȴҲûôིΪէǲſʼദ֮˲֡
Ȼ˵ޥ㰵ԺԴǰ

ˣޥȴֻ䣬ûߺҵġȥһŴӶ
ޥֵʣʲôأ
ҵЦͣأ˵仰
Ҳæѽѽ

ҶͣޥȻǸӻȥˣ½½õȴ˭ָ࣬ˣ½ĻЦԺء
ЦأͬҵһŽҡ
ӡ÷ʶȤسȥˡ

ֻʣ¡Լˡˣޥų׵طһ£˵˵ɣоôɻϰߣ
ߵǮô࣬е㲻ϰߡ
ޥϢ
ҶЦ½ҵӸⷿװ趼ܿóȾţûǶƫƫܴио̺ĸ̡

ޥְ½½˶Ǯ¸ҵĺ˵ˡ
߸˵˵Ѿҽˡүͷ˿ð
үǺ۹⣬øҪȻ˵Ҫ̧ͷŮء½ҵĹءɣûġҵʢޣүĸ˭Ľ
ޥеȣеС
Ůܼ޵úãȻǻϲġ

ޥֹһңסʲôĿɺã
õģõġҵ˵һӰ˸ıأҲˣסÿ᷿˼ңҲү˸ǰˡԺӺ־оúܡ
ޥˣ˵ȱ𼱣Ժ󿴿ܸܲ㵱ҵѰ¡

ǵ¶ҵĵٷԼվȲҪ
ޥá
ҵֵ£ռǵøߴүүü˺÷ġ
أޥǸҵ֪ĸ׶ôã϶ͷˡ
˵𡰼˶΢΢˸Уһ˵˻

½˶æµޥԺȴûʲô¡
ޥԭżϸ·˳趨ʡʱûʱȴޥ˵ٷȥϷĻһЩϷأ˿϶ҪȥϷ˸ǰʰġ
ޥʡǼ΢ҿң

ĸüǰȥˡǰСڼģģأ·Ҳûȥĸǰ趨ʡأǴɩϽ֮ġ
ϹТ̺ĸӲ͵ˣ·Ҳ񣬲ĥϱϱʮá

·ͷϷģޥһ𣺡Ǳ졣
Ȼһޥš̨ҪԺӣӭ½ҲҪߵ˶վס

Ҫȥĸǣʡ
ޥͷҪȥ
½һ𡣡
ޥףϰԲռҲҪ°ͬġ

½ֱǣ֡ǣȻһĹޥȻҲûɬ֡
һߣ½һ߸Ժ˻١һȥȻЩ£⼸Ȼڼң㶼㣬¾ңҲʡץͷԡ

ޥһЦá
ֵұŵģңĸأĸǻҪĸȥҲŸϽŵġ
½ͷӣޥףϷ˶ֵ/̳ģ

ޥء
˵꣬ͷȴȻһϷ˶/̵ģ½ߵأ
ֻͷһ㱻½ЦݴˡǣڴߣżῴһۣдЦ⡣
أֻյӵڻ£ʮָۡ






39.   39    

39 

ޥԺӻصϷ, ½ϱǻرȥ˷ǵƹҹⷿۼҲȫ, Ѿͳ꣬ˡڸϹ
½ʣü𣿡
ϱüִֻ׺һˡǰȥ, ʱ㶼ܸϳˡ
½˵ͷ

ԵĹ͸Ե¡Ҳ, ԽȥšʱϱӶ½, Ѿߴӣ½˽ˡ
, ½ˡ

·Ǳô½ʣ˶ˣɸˣ
ޥ˵Ϸ¶, ȷġޥʱźѾͷǮж, ڴ½ʱʱѾˡ
ŻԼȥˡ

ˡ˵ҽ¸ϲ, ֪ȥˣٶѾ, һϻӸףǲһ
˵ţڿЦ

½̲ס̾, ȻǴˡ
Ǵˣֻһܰӡ֪ϲġ
½̾ͷ, Ժע⡣

˵ȥʱһùˣһʣԭٷ˲һţѾͷǶȥ÷ˡԵĲ˵ֻ۾ܿģ֪Ǹլĺء
½˵ͷܿóʱǸ˼򵥵ģֻ̫ס
Сأ£Ǿ˼ңȻЩο޹ˣǡ

ĥĥӰɣҷˣȿɲС½˵
Уף㿴˭˵ٷ˲ˣ
½СɾüۣҲ¶ЦݣԤĺò١ʣԺΣǵȲ۵ģ

ôء˵ҺٶأɵɵҲˡ
ǾͺãϻСҪ࿴ŵ㣬ȥ½ʣ˭𣿡
ǽǼҵģݻ˵ɩӣɩӵ㿴ٷˡɩ̫̫ǱԵŮ

½ֳŭɫѽǡֵңҴ򷢵ׯȥ
Ӧæ⼸죬ͰšǸŴһһȥ

½ŭ
һߵˣͲϡ׵ģű㶼֪ûޥ
ֻ²죬»ǳˣľ͸ñ͡ƫǼҵĽסɩʣ͸˿ڷȥ
һӸͲߵˣΪ޸ҶӣŸ˽ݡ

Ȼ½˿ޥϲϲޥϱ֮¡ٲϲޥޥѾϱ½ˡ
̧ϱ½ýƸӣôܱЩͳЦ衣

½˳ҵļݲֵ֪𱰵Ķ
ܡ֪ٷլ׼̫̫ҪسߵˣһȥҡҶߵ˿ף˭˭߳ˣ;ÿͷˡ

ТϽСȷþųߵһЩ½жȣپҲԽ𱰶ȥ
ֻɺЩƫҪһТ޷Ŵߵѹӡ
½ʱ½Ϸ˺ߵֶܹݵ½ңǾ𱰵·ġ

˵ԼޥЩʲôЦʮأ۾ԲģƵġ
½ףϾûǡǺúõؽȵĸ׹ּǣҲ֪ûпŮ
ǿɲˡ

½˷ˣȥλЪ˸ϴϱ£Щߵ緹̫̫Ѿȥˡ̫̫﷢ͨƢˤ˸ӡ
½Ŀ¶ŮҲˡ

½Ϸԭ½׵ԭ䡣ԭȾˣʱ½ĸ׹δɣȢұȢ˸ģѷһ
½Ϊ½Ƹ½ˣຼݼҵ֧շճĴС㣬ҵĵŮ
½Ϸ½˿뷽跨Ҫѹ½һͷ

ڿһЦѾͷ½յ¶ӣ˸ϱӻ㱨Ժұ͵񣬴òʱѾͷӺٷˡ
½˿裬֣½Цҡҡͷǽ
ȥӭˡ

½ޥϷͷſ֡
½ǰޥںʩʩȻѣӳԡ
½˿Ҳ̲ס¶Ц⡣

ϱﲻĵطȴһúáòϵԼҶӡ
˽԰ˣǶЩݵġޥȴġüĿöɾøС
½Ҳһôȥֻǰͽ

ȥޥȻƻ¡
ǰ׮ԵѾ˶֣½˱㲻ڹȥǷںͽϱԼһģȥ̵Ϊһϸ½ٷˡ

½ޥһ½񣺡ĸס
½˿һòɫĿСŮЦ
½ǰһ½˭ˡ
½һЦͷޥ½˵ޥ

ޥعȥƨɰأ·˶ˡԭ½λӣ½Լֻõһʣ̾ϱ㲻Ҫˡ
˶Ц

ݵʱޥ½룬½ϵ£о롣˶ڵˣԭ˼ҲЦĸܡǷ˼֡
½Ժ¿ɴˣ

ޥ㱨ԭʲôģݻʲôߺһ𳤴ģӡ÷ҵϰ߻ϤǸߡԺϤˣҪٵ
ֵ͸ңҶءлĸס
½˵һˣл

˵һôֱӽӴ⻥۲
ղȥӭСޣʱʱزһ䣺Ӹˡ
ǽĻȥˣʲôطʲôˡ½ﰵͷ

ޥӽע⵽½˻·ѾʱҲͰ߿ɫŵļҳͷϵĹҲժˣټ򵥣侹һ͵Ľ
ֻױ˼򵥣ȴԺ֮Уֻһֵ˵ĸо

½ʳ
ޥʵ˵𵭵ģէһԾζ־óθˬ
ûѰֻ˵ã¡
½˲ûвϲԼȫԲ½ݱؿζأ˵Ŀζв졣ޥ˵̹ʣڲڵģ˾ˬ졣
ܹ飬ϸңҳŵġ

½ЦŲ廰˵Ѱ³˵ĳӣʦڣҲҪ
⣬ʵΪޥ˵С½ܲ죿΢ӣֻһۣҪұȥңֺα˵
½ڨڨ
ޥ۾벻һ½ԾҲ㱻Ǻε޻˵ģ

ģʵڿɰ
½һֻһӣмֶŮΪ˶ǰֺãȴʧ֮ģ³ˡ
Ȣϱ档ˣҲԺϱǷͣͻСȵŮŰɡ
½һЦߣȥĸʰȥ






40.   40    

40 

½Ҳվ, ½ȴ㸸Ѿˣǰ̸£ȥɡ
½ʩ񣺡ǡ
ȴޥһۡ
һЩһ˼, ѰѰġһۡޥյ½˼ˣһͦҲˡ, С˼
½һЦ뿪ˡ

С͵Ϣ, ȫ
½ֻݶ
Ťͷ͵Ц
Ѿͷ½·, ½վ߰ɡ

½˱ޥ½Ϸȥ
½ϷסȴǿԺǶ·רΪϷһԺӡ½˵˼ҿϲ, Ůıֵþˡ
Тѹˡ
ޥæǡ

˳, Ѿһѣȴûиų, ½ߵȴȥǸ裬ޥҲʶõġ
½˸迴ҳģʹ, ûʲôһ㲻ܶ
ޥڿջʮ죬нǮ, 㶼ܶůЩ, ҡ
ҲûʲôܱʾҸ˫Ьɡ

½һЦ˵ǵáͺ, 㿪ˡ
ޥ΢죬Ӧǡ
½˵ޥľϱЩȴǸʵڵĺӡһ룬ܱȴĲҪá
ֻҪޱЩ̳ܽοϿҲޱ֮ˡ
οԶϱٰҪΪʲôΪ˶ӡϲСۺõġ
ˣ½ﰲοࡣ

Ϸ˵ԺӣѾ߽ȥˣȴһӣһΪѵصϷ㷸ͷ磬ͷʹýʮ³һȥɣٷ˾ذɡ
ԺȻһ¡ѾǶƵģһûС

ȻĶᵽɤۣΨޥ˵ʲôʵĻ
ֻں棬ֻܿޥĺףҲޥʱʲô顣
ȴ½ƫ̾һޥȻȥɣҲһˡ
ޥĬһ£ĸװɡ
½ȴõȣһҪ̺ĸ÷ġԻȥ÷ɡ
ޥϥǡ

Сʧȥ˿ĵģŬš
ǺŬŬţ
¼׵ĵ죬趨ʡ̫ŵ棬⻻˭ҵĹûʧɫˡ
οôС

ԭ½һִٳɵġֻʱԼˡ
ӱޥԸߣ̧ޥͷȥ÷ɣܻү÷㲻õٽһ÷кüջٿڼء

ޥЩס⣬ֻϥǡ
·˱ȥˡ
ޥıӰ
ʮ񻣬Ƥ𪡣ʼ򵥵ļҳӣױζؾͺɷһ˵ĳ֮С

ֻޥֱ߽ͦϷ˵ʱˡˮı׳С
Ҳ֪Ϊоָо

ѾӸ½˽ȥˣм档
½˶ٷʲô̬ȣҶˡޥվȰ˵ٷ˻ذɡ
ޥ˿ʣĸĸ÷𣿡
ѾߵءҪϷ극ٻԼ÷

߰զࡣ
ޥͷл
Ѿͷϥٷɷūˡ

ޥߺߡ
һ·ϣޥ˵ߺӶ˵
ԶԶ뿪Ϸ˵ԺӣޥȻվסתӣʣʲô𣿡
æϥū澸ųδٷʲôĲԵġ
ѽһ·Ҳûޥתȥ

ƿͷǸϷϲЦݡϻüĿļŸĶء
ǶġôЪ˸磬ͻȻͱأ
˵»ڶգ֮աǲ˸˭ôԴ¼ޥҲ֪װǲϲˡ
ֻ벻ΪΡ

ٷˡӸں棬·
֪Ҽǵ·ޥ˵ֻĸ׻Ҫźĸ÷һȥ÷
ӳһ£ѾءޥϷȥӱҲϡ

ޥţӣĸһֱҪĸ÷𣿡
ūģûȥຼֻϷĽ˵Ϸ˼عءֻҪڸǰϷ˶Ҫ趨ʡظء

½ˣӶˣھȻҪϷ˸ǰء
ޥǰһֱΪ£Ϊ¼Ӧһݵĸı䣬һ׶ԡԵ¡·ţ߹˼˼͵ˡ
ޥû뵽£ԭһӣѾ˶ӣԼһˡˡ

ޥ֮ǰ·˺ü²¡
һֱúЦ֪ʲô¡һأҪǿδܴùɶء
ڣޥͨϷ·ϣŷټ򵥣߽ͦԼŵʱıӰ̬ǸоôϤǲھ׼̨ʱ׼̬
ޥеף·Ϊʲô²¡ˡ

˵ޥֻˣæӭȴֻޥһˡСҲû뿪Ϸʱɿģ
бæȥʣٷһ˻ˣ

ⲻڼޥԼ˵ĸ񳿻ô飬Ҳһתͷ
ȻҲʮֺͰȰޥڼ¶ίŬһǿЦĸͷ磬³Ȼ

ѩ
ǵȷǲޥ½Ϸ׽ţű֣һӶٷôһ¼Ժô㡣
Ҫ˻ǱŲԶˡ

ֻޥһѩСţҪǿЦʵۡⱾϷ˺ͷ֮£ȴ⺢Ӽмˡ
̾һοϷ˹߳ġʹˣƢЩŹ֣Ҳǳġٷ˱ȥ
ޥЩԼҪޣʹסˡ
ײŵڶأܾͿޣҲ̫ûϢˣ

ֵǻ÷Ϸ÷ģձûʲôˣٷ˲ȻȥЪϢ÷ɡ
ޥȴĸ׻û÷áҪĸ׻ȷĸס
ТģȻлϲǣֵٷߵȰɡ

ޥŽ˶μ䡣
ȴμİͬ١ж౦Ҳһһ顣μҼмصĺᘆȣƿεŶûţɫᣣܰܿͷд鰸໭ᡢʡ
еƢʮ

ǣȥٷԶֻ¯㡣
أ޵ĵƮޥıǶˡޥӣš
ɫһЦȥѾͷʱѾͷ˾µĺʹ
ٷ˳轫յƵǰ

£ƿӱһɵĻһڣȣ㡣
ޥ㡣
¶ӡһᰮȵġ˵ٷҪȵùߣͷҰѷӸ㣬ֻܽѾͷȡθǼõġ
ٳֽƵޥǰ

ޥڼʱиë޹ˣԶʱסûޣɿĻԡһ顣
ҧһڣ˵Ϸ÷ʱ䳤ٷȳЩĵ棬Īˡ

ޥ˶٣̧ʣĸһֱ̺ĸ𣿡
½·ᣬӰ忴Ȼû·˽ʵġɱ·ˣҲǲʱᱳʹġ
͵ĸ˲ϱվʱû⡣
½

Ĭһ̾˿
½˵ʹˣȥϷʰ㲻ˡ
ޥȻˡ






41.   41    ʢŭ

41 

½Ϸ÷ʱĳ, ½˻ʱޥ뱾μˡԺﴫ, һȥӭ½ˡ
½˼⣺ô
ޥҷĸ÷ 
½ֳЦ⣬ȻǾһ÷ɡ
ޥȻѾƽ, ¶ǿЦݣϥǡ

ϱ, ޥ׼߰ӣΪ·˲, ڼﶼģȵ, һûС
Ϊ½˲, źٷ½ȴ, ÷ɡ

ɫѾͷޥ¡
ޥ½˵Тĵ˾УԭҲȱʹʵûҪ
½ȴҪź½Ϸһٷءղޥӭ, Կüľ⡣

ຼζޥ˵е㵭, ȴáΪµʱܹǲ̫θڵġ
ޥԲ¡
վ̲סʣĸ, ҡ
½ƽش

ûκ¡˵Ϸʹˣ, һʱϲһʱŭϰ߾ͺˣΪա
һ˵ԭޥﰲࡣ
һٷԵúƽ˷½

ҷ÷ޥ÷½ЦоǰľͷƵģСģСĴ򿪻ŸСġ
½üҲЩƣ룬½ڶг̲סЦˡִȰضޥ˵Ϲɥίˡ
ޥæײҪ˵ϱί
½ֱТ˳صͷ

طϱ͵ûرˡޥ˳
һ·߻ԼԺӵʱɫѾԺſѾ˵ʮڣٷ˻ˡ
ޥͷ

Ժ˶֬ʮڿظ˴ŵӣ÷ȵӡ
ޥμ䣬½ббϣ֧ţ顣ޥס
½ЦôôŻù𣿡
ޥͷĸùˡ

½ʣĸ
û˵꣬Ȼֹ
£ɬСҧ촽Ŭرţỹǵˣરવġ

ޥҲ֪Լô¡Щί棬ǰסôصԼķ½ǰ̲סأ
ɾޡ

Ůվﲻ˵žરવᣬŬȥͱﲻס
½Ƭ̣ȥָ̧Ĩȥϵ飬ʣô£˵˵
ͣĸȥĸʰ˵ĸͷ緸ˣֻĸףûмҡޥʣҡһϣ벻Լˡĸ׺˵ĸ

ҵʲôء½ȻʧЦģԭĸģͷ糣ܣȻƢáҲֻĸ׵ġ
½Ҳô˵
ޥ̧ͷӣʣģ

Сѩףȴ۾죬ͷҲ죬ίѹģ½òС
˵ӣȻģѵһƭ㣿
ޥһֱŽɣĸСһģڷˡ
½һֱǴ˿أòƭġ

½Իȡ˲ᣬϣЦԼˡ
ޥæסӣԼĨɾֻ½˸ɾһˣմı飬㲻˼½ˣԼ˵ϴɾٸ㡣
Ȼ½˵ȻѵԼϴȥ

ޥЦ
Цˣ½ɵѾͷĸ׺˵ˣػί
Ҿã֪ԼʲôĸܻϲôƯһӡͷ
Ϊûκ¡½϶˵һֱúܺáȥǰ׺£СҲȥˣСȴء

ޥеѹ¼˭ȫ˶ϲء
½Цֱ̾۽Ȧڻ
ͻȻܣޥŵøϽתŤͷ

½ʣʲôأ
μûˡޥ˿ôûݣ
½üɫûУǾͱźˡ

½ҹشޥѾ֪ˡ
ֻӺ÷źģǸ仹ССѾͷ¸֬ԽƺӲݵġ

ϼżˡ
˵СС㲻֪𣿡˵ʹˣԣϲŭ޳ġ͵ǸССʲô
ޥһ룬ﻢɲǣһ̻ãһ˵޾Ϳޡ
ȷ˵˵ġôһ룬Ȼ֪࣬ԺĸôƢҶѹˡ

Խ죬ѹˡ
½סЦ㣬ֿЦģСӡ
ޥľ˼Ͻתƻ⣬ù¡
½ʣ̶֪˰ɣ
ޥͷ趼˵ˡ
֮ȼ죬Ǳ½˵Ѿȥ˵ˣźˡɲҪ

ޥҴģÿﻹҪġ
һľ峿ʱѣϰ֮˽
½Ҳǰȱġ

ޥ½½ޥ
ԯ޻˸Ӵű˴ֲȤĶʱȴȤԷҲζ
ʵŮʱһС£Ҳңۡ

½ҪߵʱޥѾȫ磽ˣ½˵Ļ
½½ת˵ˣˡֵ۾취һ󣬱ž֣Ϊ۸㣬˵ðһٴ򡣡
ޥһЦϹ˵ҸǲŲҴˡ
˵ȴ־û治ܱ֤ҲҪҵǰͷ¡

û񣬿۾֪ˡ
ƻ£棬Ƥ֪ۻϲ鶯ܹһ˫лǣĶ۾
ˣһòҲֻǸտӡƤҡ
½û˶ȿ۵ġʱݣΪޥ˫ˣòΡ

̲ס̧֡
ޥϣ
½ֶ˶٣ĶָŶͷӹƤ
ˣ˯˵ɱˡ
ޥ죺˵˲ᣡ

½ЦЦ˳ָһССı
ޥסţ½ԣ
½üʲôأ
ѾӶأޥȡһյ֣
½һЦ֡

ƻ£ޥŶͷסˡ
ʲôֻ½ƻµһЦü۽ǶŲһζ
ˣշ̣巢ȡʲôֵĶӿ

½ˡתȥӰ
ŵͣߣСĽ¡
ֻһ̧ۣȻֹ

ٷˣֻһˮʢŭаָղٷɵЦģ
Ӵ䡣תͷȥٷվ£ʵƹдЦԼıӰŮС
ӵͷһˣ˰

½һ·߻ԼľӴߵ̫죬ƽСȶ̣òŲǿϡ
½֮ԭǿĸߵأ潨˷ӣȡɽԢã𴦶Զʮ徲½˽ݣѡ˴˴ճ

ˮѾͷü˳۵زҿ
½һ·߽ңѾͷӭӻˡѩҪ½
½Ѿͷ֣Լ´ʣأ

ء
һòѾߴתЦ᣺ϴˮأ¶áŹӸûˡ׼ˣԡɡ

½ӸѾͷ˹ȥǾңˮڣһȵϴˮѾ׼ˡ¯㵭
ԵѾ棬˸˾ңҪְ½£½ȴҲˡ
һ㶡

ſ½æʣôˣ
½ȥٷȥˣôػˣѵǾٷ˵һʲô©˹ӵǵùˣ
ô룬½ڡ
̫̫ǰģ˵ȥĸĸǰ࣬ұҵӣ






42.   42    

42 

ҲϷ˺½֮ϱϵ½Ϸ˵Ķ, ½Ϸ˵ĶӣĸλҪı
ޥǾҹ½Ϸ˶ⲻ, ½ȥ¡
ΪϷݵʱѾЦݣһֱڶ˵εϱ

½ǿ͸Ϸ˶ޥʲô˼ޥ, ʵǸľ档ĵضޥƱ˵ĸһϲ
ʱϷ˵ʹع½, ˵½Ķȷġ

ôôŹһ磬ϷƱɫֻʲôϷǰŪ˿, ˵Ϸ˸ı˶ϱĲԣ£ֱˡ
뵽һ, ½ŭ

ޥ޸һ, Ǹƶϵϡ
ޥ, ½½ԡ

ǡӦֵֻ, Ժöˣӱȥ
, ǵ¡½ԼȥԡͰ

ޥûʲôֻǶ˶, ֪Ϊʲô͸оر֪ۡҪ˯ˡ
½֤˵ʮֵغ, ذοޥǴЦεġ

ʱҵȴȥ˯š
÷ˣ죺㷭ɶ㰡
ҵĵ˯š
ôõĴôı˵˯š

һ½ٷΨһһ㷿Ůٷ˷衣ݣһĿڸԺﲻУҾ룬ǻ˼˿౻
øƶƵģҲƶƵġຼ˿ǰֻ˵ûĶ˹ǾҲˡ
ҪͶǵ˸ⶫž˻ὥã޻µӶ⼸ѹСʱˡ

ޣҵ˵Ǹˡ
Īɶѣ
ˣүһѾߣҵⱿû취ͽͷʵڲ⣬û𣿹үиѾ߽ˣʮа˾Ǵʫġأ滨֬أӻˣ÷

ˣࡣ𣿡
ҵķ֪ûע⡣ʱ򣬹үô˵أ
զ˵ģ
ү˵ǷѾͷҵ˵˵ǡġԺġ

ˣ˵
ҵķʮа˾ͨˡ
ͨͨģҲܲˡȴ˵˽ܹ﷿£ûܹү¡

Ȼ֪ĸУ쵽үȥҵ˵ֻҪҪ˵ף
ֹ߱ˣ²Ǹ˿ǹүķˡֻСˣɸɵһûס

ɱ𣡡ﻹСأƢȥϹ˵˵͹үܵʲôã
ҵĵȻǲù͹үֻǾãܸù׹ζи׼

զ׼һҪ֪ҪѸ˵ٿҸѸ˵ܲô
ҵˣšѸǸӣû¸˵ʲôܱ𣿡
롣űšʹ⣬ôһﻹأôܹܵסƢһȥүͨỵˣôճ½ҿǶ˼ңشء˵ˣٰ͹ˣʱзȥ˵°÷㱾ǰ·ģֲϤƢ͹ܺ¾ˡ

˵Ļ
ҵĵǻָ˰ɡ˵һɱڹǰ©˿ڷ硣
ǴС֣˼үǣиͨôˡҲŷ벻һ
ŭʲôôˣĸŮ˻ϲϲ޸ˣԸﻹб˵ģ

Ҳÿʲô˼ҡǼҰٻǾڣ㿴˼ٻءҪ˵ۼҰٻûͨģȻ޺ˣȴѺ˼̫ˡ㿴̣ܣ㿴̶ྫһˣҪȻǷôûϱˣƫϱء

ҵĸŭ㵱ԼԸ⣿ȥʣԸԸþǹ˼򵥣
˼䣬ȥҲ㳳˯
ŮҲѻһڣϵƶ檣ֻû檶ѣתȥ

ܿ˯ȥʱޥҪñޥøС
źϴŵšͷǺ貣½Ѿε˵ƣѾ͸Ѿ´ɣæҡ
ֻ˴ТԶԶű}ˡ

ҵĸϵޥԺӣԺҲѾ˵ƣӸţ;ýˡ
Ժûȷ֣ݸߵͶͳһ㣬û
ҵҲЦͽˡ
ЦУһԺˣô⡣

ҵĽݣӡ÷㶼ѾæµˡȷǱ¼ҵѾӵöˡ
һ衱˵Ѿˣϴ
ҵĵáƿӽȥ

ޥѾϴ꣬·ߴŹǷͷ
ҵĹȥ˵㾫Щ½ҵѾͷСˡ
һǷû꣬ӲʻȥޥһЦ
ҵĹЦҵΣչɲЦǧסˡ
ҹԸֱˬ˼򵥣ȱʵ̫Цˡ
ޥæ֪֪

ҵֳȥ㣬ȴ緹ҲںˣТҲ׼ˣʵûʲôˡ
½ҵѾͷʵڵ̵úãʵûʲôֵܲġҵľԼĴʵڼߡ
ֻԼĲ£űȥˣϾû԰׷ⲻһ˵£ǹ¡
뿪ǰ˺ʹ̷ߣһҪ½վȽŸʹޥȫ½Ѿͷ¡͹򵥵СԴϣɲñǺäġ

ù緹ҷ׷״Т
߻ǲġޥһֱοⲻû취뿪㡣ʵүүȣɶǹףҲһϲТ

󰡡
ĴҲĴĺãΪЩͷԵС±Ѱա
ҵľȺúù۲졢½Ǹô·˺ø·˻㱨ڸޥô˵ộ·˵ˡ

ʰˣˡ
ǰߺҵޥһϷȥ
ϷһƬƻͨӰ㿡ѾߴТ£˼ֻڰо죬ޥ޶˵Щ¡

½Ѿʰͣټ򵥣泯졣ТӳӷἸ֡
ǰضǸˣڣʵȻǸˡֻ͡
ޥй½˵档ȥϷˡ

ޥж
·ϣ½˵ôϷ˱ҪͷģƢáʲôί̡
ޥæѵԸţûʲôί
½˵ͷָոңʲôʲô
ޥǡ

ܿ쵽˶·Ϸ˵ԺӣǸޥȻȥӳԹôˡͷء
ޥ
⻰ô˵ģָ½˴ϷƵģⲻǹɥ

ȴü۲ϱТĸˡ
ӱˣ˵ԵȵȣͿˡ˵ȥˡ
̬ȣ·ǡĸסƵġֻǸˡ

ԼһۣվȻɣϰˡ
û취ޥˣΪӾڴϷѵ
ϱǲܹŶġΪʲôǰ·˺ϷҪҵĻԭ
ΪڶԣҲ
ࡱ֮߳ġ

--






43.   43    

43 

½ϷȻ౧Թ, Ҳʱ׻ʰͣӵųˡ
½˺ޥǰ, 绹ȰЦݵ̫̫ޥü
ޥȻоó½˶ǰкˣί, ֻۣ, ಽظԼš

ȼ֮¶񷨹أ½֮, Բ©
ޥûҲû½ڸ·, ŮӲڼ
ΪĻŮ컹ͦ, ½ĲĸӡɩӡҲ½ҵľĸ

Ϸʹˣ۲, ½Ҷ
ȰַλáޥҲʡģֻ½˾Сվλ, ˸쬵ġ
ޥһ, ǿп飿

½ס˿ڴ޵ʱá
ޥҲҪ𣿡
½, Ȼÿޡ
ޥޣ

ޥ̣Ψһһɥĸ
ء
ޥУĸӡʵڲôСʱЩģ, һĻʼԺʱӦûûϰٻģеķỹǺٻĴլĸŴһǮô

ĸЩޥ£Ϊ·˽ʵʵصסˡ
·ĺ̫࣬ʱѾˣݲȥޥ󣬸оܰȫ
ֻĸҲûл졣ȭȴҲ죬ֻס

ޥǵǵʲôˣǰֻ֪ģĻԺ
ޥȻʶʱĸ׵ĳĬͺͽһ
Լţһԡǵļֱͦġ
ԭԯޣԶԲһȥȫͬŮˣӰȴĪص

ޥĸ졣ޥʱ֣ûкܶϲĸΪʲôҿ޵ôݣ
޵ľ·ˡ·ǿǻҲ֣ڽڰθߣת䣬Ϸһ
кܶᣬ͸°ٻһ
ޥڿƬȻ֪Щˡ
ǣ

ʽܷкܶߵݣǰˣٰݡ
ȻרŸģޥΡֻ۾ţʲôʲôû©
½°ݺʱȹգʮ
ޥҲڵվͨ£ֻܻϥŬѹסࡣ

һˣ˶ݷһһ½˺ޥšʱˣÿˡ
½̧ӣİصĽƬ۾ΧѬһѬˮˣһ׼ޣһ硱
½ˣ

Ż۾ޥʶһ²ӣӣڨڨصеǺ
ɥأЦ½ݺԼ£۾ΧѬϴա
ޥȻޣȻˡ
Ǿڴ˵
ֻǣԺҲǴ

ܱ˿ԼأҲƮ޵ĿȫǶڿأŮ١
ֻյĿ죬½ҾͲһˣŮǶ޵ñݵ˹ġ
ŻָչŵϱӰڣֻ¶۾¶졣ֻ˿ᣬ˿Ǳ顭

ɥģôЦأ
ޥֺԼסûЦϽſ
ٷڿ͵ƣſ޵Ӱ棬ֻ۾ŻᡣͱĻ˶
ޥ
ǿ޵ãһǿ޵ãŵƷ

ſûã½Ϸ˺Ȼ͡Ρˡ
ޥһȹȥ˶ңϷ˵͸Ǹ˵ϷΪʥȥ˹ȣ
Ů춼Ϸ˶ʥһƬ֮ģɱȥϢɣʥ˶
½˸ǵָ͸ǽϷ˲ȥϢ

ޥ
ޥڶԴǵ·ѾеľˡƬѬһѬޡ
ΪⳡޥʱˣһֱڵʱĸʱǱˡ
۾ҲˣҲϹˡ

ȻصԼԺȥТһ޶ס˲ӣأ
أޥۣ϶Ը˯ǽӴң
˯

Ҳֻ롣Ȼÿ˶ۣǵøޥʰ׼õļ·ۡ
ǿҪ󣺡·
ޥ˵Ŵ˰ء
˵촩أŻɥӲѹޥ·
ֻϧޥϲЩ졢̵ȹܴɫѸͷһ

˵յģ½һϲ
ϲ۾⣬ŵ΢Цǣ֣װףڡ
ߺҵĶԴϲּ͵ţһ˳ȥ仹СŮûȤ˵ûˣȥˡ

ȴژǶȴš
ӡ÷ҲڿЦգѾʮٷˡҼٷԺԺǰûʲôˡ
һ˵Ժ衢ˡ

½ʣɻ
ޥסǷ˵ˡֵ۾ˣҲûȥһٴӲˡ
½һ׵޵
ĸ˵Ƭãû飬ֱ۾ˡޥԹͣˡ

½Ц̶˹ЦޥűԹʲô½Цһֱûͣ
ǣִ۾ﶼЦ

ǳ׵գӻšޥļݣűط޵Ŀջ°ɴӴ
ҪȥϷʾܳţޥ˵㲻øֱӴǱ߾ˡ
ֻߺҵģʣأ

֬˵ž˯
仹Ǻӣ̫ˣŲסˡޥʣôȥ˯
֬Ϊ飺Ҿû𣬴Ҷûҡ

֬仹СԺСġӡ÷֣ƴ֣Ŵȶ
մʱˣǻҹءҲûʲôܸɵģû˲ġ
ޥһЦСء
Ժ½ߡҵϷȥˡ

һߣҷ׷״Ƿ㿴ŵ㡣
֬أȥ˯ɡ
żϴӻͳ
ӡ÷
ٷǸܿ͵ء
ǰ
ף߿ɴٷ˵ñû

ޥ۾еˡ
½˵㣬ȴ˸ĸף·ٲ
ޥǿϷһ½˷·ء϶ƣ롣
СޱȥǱ½ǿ˼䣬½˵ȥɡ
Сޱˡ

ֻ˴ţŵĳüһ⡢ôࣿ
Ȼ½ü㶪ӵġ
ױŮżҵ棬Ůҵ档ҵ̬ȣӻıϾܿó

ޥģлл
½֣˵л
˵ţ飬á
ޥЦöˡ






44.   44    

44 

ޥ˳, ƿ⿴һۣ棬ͷأ棬ҲҲ
½, ͷ
ȡޥͣͷ, ºͷǶͷ塣ֵ, һӣһ, СͽдС

ǰڼҵʱûЩºšʲôԡֱڶ½һŲȾ̻ĿͣޥŽáôô
ڨڨء

㻹½Ц, ˣ, ĸҲġ
ޥԾʧʣԺ󶼲𣿡
½ʧ, ЩֻҲû취ܽҲãຼҲ, ûļҵŮġ
ŮŴñĻҪ貽, һ·ߣһ·˿ȥ, ˲Źء

ˣԺ½ҵϱˣѧϸ½ٷˡͷ
ޥʧ, ȴҲ֪Ȼˣվǲһˡһ룬ǰɩϻû޵ǼҵʱһȺԼһԣô֮ϳɩӣȥ룬벻ϺʱȥԹ

Ҳ˵¼Լʵ·˿һţ·˱㽫ͽææµµģĻʱȥԡ
·ˣϱƼңˡޥܼǵýһȥԵļء

̧ۣ½Ŀ߷⣬ϧޥҲˣ׿ʧ䣬صģҲ㶪ġ
ʮĸ̧ţΪ̵类֪µ׿ԼҲԸģﲢûпܣ˾ģĸҪúѧ½ʧ

ֻ˵꣬վ̲סһǷ۾
½סԴԼϿ˯ɡ
ܣЩ˼ֺޥҧЦſȥˡ
½ļûе͸ǵôʵֱκ˶ûеĸо

ԣޥʣõʲô㣬úŰ
½ǴأӺ·ġϲ𣿡
ޥϲǺõҪúܽõ
½ΪᣬҲϲáͷЩ㣬ùˣ㲻ϲЩصˡ

ޥһûˡ
½Ϊ˯ˡű۾ҲСƬ̣ޥֿˡ
ĵģ̾Ϣ˯˵߽
̫ˡ˵Ϊʲô㣬ܾûϿһЩ
⣬૵صְ

½۾
΢΢ͷſԼͷѻޣƬ̣ǹ𣬵ͷ㷢һǡ
ֻޥѾһϢ˯ȫ֪
½Խ˽ţҲ˫ĿС

ȵޥҡѵʱ򣬳Ѿڿջſͣˡ
滽ٷˡƿӣݽһñ
ޥ۾ǷʱסЩ˼ʣģ߸ŵʱû
С˵ϳʱӸ͹ġ

ޥΪ˿ջſ𣿡
С˵Ǵϰɡ
ǶЩֵֹģȫǴǰˬģޥûôˣ½Ѿֽӹݸϰɣ½ٷͷ¶Ĳ񻰡

ޥһ
Ϊ½⻰û˵˳⻰ȥȻȻؽһ䡰˳Ц
ޥȻߵĲԾߴֵԸǱȻһ䡰ʲġӱȻýͣԼͺ½˵Ĳࡣ

˳Цء
Ǵݵ´ʱ򣬾ǹͷģô˵ʱǲǾѾЦˣ
ʮҪģرעⲻ¼Ҷˣˣ˰ɡ

ޥҲССһ¡
·˵Ļ˵Ƥ̱뵽ֲǴĵġ
ݣŮӷ۶еģ˭
ʶŮŵҲǺؼҵݸݸˡط˾еϣݸݸû취ֻܴųšһˣ˺ط˿ĵطһժѾߡ

ޥһܾɢˡΪⲻĲûƷвʲôģֻǵѣϷ̫
뵽ԼѾ½һ½ȴûɵеⲻȥӹá
ˣֽס½ԡ

½ѾҪȥתͷ
ޥñİɴ¶ŽƵף˵ԺʲôطĹأϽҡҴš
½һЦá˳

⳵ӵĸ߶ʵȫԼȥġ½Ѿվڳһֻ֣ޥ㽫ԼִŸߵ͵ʵˡ
°زûгӭǡȻֳֻţǴ游ĸӴ޵ŮŮ˶ֻվڰǼԺ̨ϵš

ãرƣӣѾϢˡֻǵޥ˻ͦ棺ʲ̫ķˡ
ޥ
ɣ˵˲˵⡣

½һ޵ı飬ݸʩ񣺡λ֡
°ءæ񣺡÷ˡ
½ҵһһԺ̧½һ㱡ֳǲҪ
°ɴһǡ񣬰զ࣬϶¶Цݣʿףѽѽ常̫ˡ
Ѷӭ˷ޥժǰµñһ

ֵ۰һ첻;Ӻﲻ̫һˡ
һɫȹͷÿǺÿͲ¼ɲ̾û뵽Ϲɥ浹ù
Ҳֻ˵ù˵ײ˼ҵİ»˵һɥغ˵£˭˵Ҳϵùɡ

ޥʣǽ𣿡
ء°ص̼ҶҪģĿ˶ŵһġ첻ˡ
ޥҸأʱˡøأҶûףȫĸôôѧ˲ٶء

°صûɣĸ
ޥӣô
ɵ۾׵ãôôݣ
ޥˣҸ˵

½裬ӻˮ棬ᡰȡһ
ޥӲ;ĿڣͣҶأҵȻʹҪȻԵöԻʵүү̫Т
°ضأɲǣ
̲סһ˵ʮӲأŹ̫

½²裬ɫھûʲôϢֻµ۹ף̫ͣڹǺ¡Ҹ֪ʲô̬ȡǻȥŻ䲻ҲҪǿ衣
°ɶȻ˵ǡ

Ҳ˵˻㵽˸÷ʱˡ¼ֵѾǰ¥ϯдСޡ
Ÿ硢ɷޥߣһ𡭡
°ȴЦҺͼȥʰһ¶
ޥ
½ȴ֪Ҫ˵˽΢΢һЦʹְѱͬȥ

һߣɾͳޥƵʣ½Ҵզզ͸զ½ûжɶ
ޥʣɶ






45.   45    

45 

ޥĶ, ǰ²ųףͣʳ֪ζ, ÷ֲ
ӵ˽һ´һ½Կ񣬾֪½ɶ½˹˹ĵ, Ҷˣ˭֪˭ء
½ǴӦȲԲ, ¼ֵܶ͹ģֻ½ҿܲ, ½̲סͬޥ

ֻڿޥ, Ӧ¡ȡһûɶ½˴ɺã
ҶܺءޥԽ̫Ŷʲô, ½½˶ǮָԺѾ͸
ɴһͦõѽʣզ, Ҫأ

⻰һ˵ޥϷ˴ĥ½ˣ΢̾ȴ֪ʵЩ, ˵ЩȸǻȥҪرġʹΪ, ֻõ˵Ҳֻͺһԡһ
ɽŽɣĸô˵ɱϲǡ

ޥ·ŵ, ЦĸǸ˼Ҳ˵
ɣ
ǣŮɵѾͷֻۿǸĸ˼ˣ
½ݵʱ¼ȫǰ˵طǸߵú, ƶƵĵġ˼ˣ

ԺʹˣޥСѾ͸۸
ôܡޥ˵ءĸ׼ĸˡ
˵о½Щʮֺˡ

ɰͷԥһ£ʣ½أ
һûȥԺ￴أ̫ˣҶæޥ˵˵ŴȥԺˡ
ɵѾͷû˼
֪ɵûȦӣɴֱ˵ˣˣ

ޥ˶٣˵˵
ͨѾͷɶģɶġֱʣûУ
֪ء˵ˣ̫࣬ûȥԺءޥ

ɸۡ
ޥɻȥ
ޥԭһֱû¡֪½檣Ҳ֪½Żͨʲôʮа˾ٲ˵ġԭ鳣ʶĲ˵˵ɩӵĵһǸٻء
ֻ֪֪ʶؾر⡣ʱɰ˵رܲãЩƵġ

ֻҲû˵ֻ̫࣬˵ҲҪУȳסˣô졣
ޥƵޡ

ʣǼ𣿡
ûޥ׵ʱûǣûóˡ
Ҳأϵ̨档˵

½檡֪ʱ¼ֵܶͦ⡣½ݵӹǣء
絣ĵ˵һ䣺Ժﲻ̫ɡ֪޸˼ҡ
ȴЦ˼ҾͲˣϱػкüãҪǱðˡ
ֵ˾Ͷڨڨģ˵
͵ۿǵ°ٻƵģֿġ

ǣҪú÷ִ硣һֲںӣõĺլˡ
ޥõģɩӶˡ
ɵ˿ǽߣ˰ɣǴɩϣʮʱ͸Ҹɼܣʮֻġ

ޥŴɩӣҸߴȥ
𣬱𡣡æСɩզ̵㡣
ޥɩӽ½ԣٿĸȡС
Ǹ취ôԴȷǼҪţҪɷġͷ

˵˽һǰȥ
ޥ·ñ̾˵ܶطﲻһء
Դ˶ɩҲĸҿ޹ء
ѾˣɩȻ͵͵ޣޥȻ漴ͬܣ΢΢Ȼ

ҹڣҶƣ룬°ˡֹɥڲģ˳ϯǹ͵͵ģȾҲ͵͵ġ£˷ֱû£뾩ǧ֮ңûôֻҲҹ½̫ƣ˼˼׷Ź
ǰޥȥ½常ӴС
ޥ֪ǺܿҪˣЩ˸С
½ǣַ˳תֶԾʩһ¼ֵܻ½ŵǳ

ǻԶȥˣɳӣȻ۾ؿ
Ϣ°ˣޣ
ʣ㲻ޣ۾ɶ
°ӲҾƺȶ˾۾졣
תߣٲõܵܿ۾

еľ
ޥһֱƲƺЩ䡣
½Դѹĸ¾͹ܼˡ
ޥ̾šһ˵

˼£޿ɰοôοڡ½ָ££ޥߵ鷢ڶۺɰĶһ
˵֧꣬ڴϣͷ۾
ûϢȻޥʣ½ԣ㡭𣿡
½Ŷǣ۾

ӼȺĿʮ䡣ޥ΢΢Щ
½һͳʣ֮߳
ޥҧûʣҾʡӣܸ֪

½ͷֿƬ̣ȻЦ
ޥЩգһ£Ц
½գЦסޥ°ͣʹ
ޥϣ˭ˣ
½㡣

ޥҪ½Ѿ˹ľޥ˲ʱʧס˺
½ǰǰδеǼⶼ˱Ǽ⡣˲䡣
ޥԼǼ⡢ͷðˣ֪ΪΣĵļƤˡ
½̫̫Ϊˡֻ촽΢΢ſ½סˡ

ǴȣЩĦ
ҲȵģҲȵġ
ޥһƬհסҪ½°͵ȥԺҪȥ
Ƕȫ½ԵϢĴػŵľҲ֪ʱ䵽ǹ˶áӹµµ翡ңԶ

ֱ½ƷˣſĴޥǲŻ
㣡ĿİͰͣ
½üˣ
ޥˣ㲻ܡ

ܡ½ޥ棬Ҷʲôԡ
ǣЦſ񣬲ƽ
ޥضˣˣϡôһƣᱡ

½˹ޥӣֽŷ
½ȴû׵Ĵ촽ϲ˲䣬ֱ飬˵и˵ģҵͨ

ޥסŤͷ̧ۿ
½ųڣͷ˵߶ˣźпɡ㲻ȿʵڲϲ˱ǡ
ɵѾͷЦֵ̾ΪЩ˲ĵġ

ޥһ·ûûǲáΪ½ϥ˯ˣȶ೤
ޥÿĲ۽ޣãŵӸȥա
½ᱡҲҪᱡŲԿ
ˣղŻ촽䣬Ū嶼ˣҲĶ䡣˯죬ҧҧ
ˣջ˱ǮϢҲ׬ˡ

ޥ㡣
ʵ̫ۣʱ·СһûԴţʲôˣʲôͨĸ˵ɡޥԴڳϣ۾Ҳ˯ˡ
ҡΣ½΢΢ǡ






46.   46    

46 

ص½, Сȥĸ밲
ĸ׶õˡֻʵڲͬϷ, ѾߵүЪºû衢ҲҪūȥү𣿡
ҹڵ̫ݡޥܲˣοЩ͵ˡ
½Դޥ, С˵ˡ

ޥͷҲС˵ɲ, ̫ˡѹѾ˵ɱˣøĸ׺úϢɡ, ΪһҺ๫ˡ
Ѿ߸ٷɷūˡ
о½ҵѾ͸ʮ֪
šҲȫǡޥϷ˸ǰӶ½˵̬ȡȻǴϷѵ, һ͸Ե˵ôҲԽ˰ɡ

뿪Ϸ½ʣȥ, ȥ
ޥɫϰɡҽ³, ׼һ¡
ϴ¸գչʾˡ
½, ̨ӲǳԸɷġڣõġ

ҪޥԺȥ, ޥ˵Ҳˣˣû
½ȡһ, ʲôƣɥڼоƣĪ˵
˵Ϲգءޥֱ֡½
󵽵ҲûͣޥתϽȥҲȥˡ

صԼԺѾȻ, 
ӸŽźҵ÷㣺Ǳ׼𣿡
÷׼ˣ֬רȥġϣȥǷ㡣
ѾǶҵҲòʲôġ

һԴǷӰޥѣ˵ʱأٷЪһЪɡ
áޥಱӣڳϿ˯ء
˵Ҹٷ󡣡
ޥͷӸֶ˵ҲЪȥ
˵Ҿһȥȳȥˡ

ֻʣޥӡ
ĲޥúöˣȻʣ֪Ժ𣿡
ӵԶ˶٣漴Ժ£Ӳء÷ǹԺġ

ޥͷ󲱾룬˭ɵ½ǸͨӾƵ÷ȥˡ
ȥ̫̫ʰ֮ǰģ˵ޥھȥ÷ˡȻڣȻҲһʱ䣬ޥѾһǰ̫һˡ

ϸ˵Ժ˵ʱ˵ӡ֬Ҳƣȴû÷㡢ӡʱޥûע⣬ûϸ롣
ֻʱﶼһǡ½ҵˡ

ɾ½Ϸ˵ϲŭ޳ޥٿԺˣȻδһ˼
ӡ֬½˵Ժӣ½Ǳߵˡ÷㡢Ǹ½Ϸǣǣ.
߲
ЦеĶ̺ﰵŲһ˼ֻʱɵɵȫûס

ޥЩʵڼʱ·˶ġ
·˵˼ҵ˶࣬ϵӣҪ˭˭ˡ
ֻͷΣȥˣȴûװ
˭ײŵնѣĸ׾Ŷ䷴߶ѾԼԷȥʶÿ͸ĳ͹ϵˡ

ˣĺڼ̫һˡ
ޥһ̾ʮֵ·ˡڼʱûĵȥ·Щ߶½ˣʮֵ·ؽԼһ飬ȴˡ

½ޥֿɽ
ӭ˰ɣᵽϵľʣӺȾˣ
˵ߵʱʮˣȴ¡շ֮󣬻ö

½ûЩ£´͵Ĵѣʣʵ𣿡
ˡӣٷʮء˱㻨ʧɫϷˣ
½ֶסתͷˡ
ĵ˵ٷ˸ɥĳ壬ûˣϷˡ

ģĵװϲ
ǰҲȥӵԺӣĶȺͷ׹½Ƹͷ
Ȼ룬ٷʮˣӰѩྻˣôϵ;һ

ֹˣﻹͰ͵ƽܻȡһϻӡԭ½Ǯ£ƽ½ʲôãƽ۵ʱ˵֪º֪˸ǹٷ桭
һֱġ

½֪ٷ˾ϷԱּǰﵽϷ˵Ժȥ£һɲˣٷ˾Ϸˣ
ʵԭ½Ҫ˵ģֻ̫˵ٷ˸͵˲ãòҪһ̫á
ֻ˻תͼӴףˡٷ˿Ϸˡˡ

ﰵ⣬ȴֻģֻ½Ծ׷ʡ
½𣿡
һ㶣ڰصǡ
½Ѷص֪ʲôҽбȥ

˶΢
½Ҷ½½ԣ˻˵вţΣ㡭ȵȡ
˵߰ˣ֪ô÷ѩǣһˡ

æѾˣӵϲײϹɥϷв㣬֪ٷԭ
½۾ȥʣҵʲôˣ
˵˵ǰֵĻʦ̫

Ҳ䱻ʦ̫
ǹӼ½˲ɣȻƤÿһʱͼһǮһײ½֪½ҶӣǰС
½ֻһ۾֪ǸпH½һ

ǳ԰׷ģ½Ѿз籩
˴׵̫̫żĹȥġ
½˶١

̫̫һݣ˸Ϥݣô֪ȥʲôˡָ̫̫ʵִеˣֻǽ½Լˡ
½˶֪½ˡ½ĸÿҲֻŷǿ϶½˵ģÿβһǮˡ
ϷҪ˲㣬û½˵½˭еӷ

½ü޴£ĿͶ˵ϡ
ʵǳΪЩլ»˼ƫǣĸĸ׺ӡ
ۣͿĸĸ׵ĴĥֻТ죬ֻĵءɫĸȥȥȴĸֿ

Ȣӵʱͺĸһޡ
Ʃ˼ҵıǣǶǲġֻ½֪۾̫һ̫ϣҪլ

ȥݱûʲôĶ⣬ȥܾһͬ¡
ȴϵһۿޥͿ۵׵
˵ۣǻֱ̫֮࣬¶̫ࡣ½һۿޥãҪӡ

е峺ͼ򵥲Ϊ֪ΪԵĴ
½Ҳϲļˡļ˵ȻʲôŻ籥ʫ֮ˣһִŮӡ
ҲֻļͥУһŮӲܳĲá

˶˽ĵġ
½˵˽ģŶϱСý̵Ҳ硣
в˽ġȻĸ׵㿴ףҲûзԣر㽫ޥӹţܿسɳΪϸ½ٷˡ

ºլ£һ
ĸ׵㣬ĸֻĸȻѹĸһͷޥδʮ꣬վĸġ
˵һŮദʱ䣬ԶԶɷദʱ䡣
ǰ棬ޥС洦

½һЩ΢΢һ¡
ȴǰһڼʱļҳӵȥ
½Ƴһۣӹչӣʣˣ˴ˣ

½ٻ˵£˾ϲܵγˮӽʮˣڹѾˡ
꣬кӳɿ꣬ӿ곤ѩ÷ɰꡣȥ̫̫һţӴѾͷͨѾͷʵԸ
ֻδȢף檡
ѾˣͣҪٽһ

һ뵽ܣƮƮȻѬѬȻԼū澱ɰӡ
ֻ֪˵ǻǴ
һӶٵŮ˵ڮ١ֻ䲻öдͫУƭ½һ˫ۡ

½ҪģǺլŮЩᷳ˽ơ
Щ˲ֹܺլ£ţŮ˼ʲô¡
½ÿЦһвɨɨ£

ޥͻСĻȫޡջصԼУίƲסᣬŶĸ﷢¡
Լ˽СС뿪ңôߣ͵úúõر

½ƮƮһ仰˵Ρ
θ̫̫ˣຼȥ޳ָϵ´ƽĮͲСˣúˡ






47.   47    ³

47 

߻طȥһ, ֬֬Ÿһֱ©̣ʱȻˡ
߻źޥѣѾ׼, Ǽ²ɵصҳҪȥ³ޥ̫Щѡ

ޥ죺һ컻·
ӡ÷㶼ڿЦǷ, һ컻·Ҳеġ
ޥզࡣ
Сزס, ̲ס÷һۡ
÷㵹ûְϵڹȥˡ

ޥ
Щ, ڶˡ·˽̹ģԼԺ˾, ҪŬΪԼˡ

ֻҪôء¼ңǮ, ҾͶܿˣ½Ҹʮĵĺ, ƤӶһ¡ޥСԴϲա
ʱ½˺½ȺϽظԼԺʽݼ֮ǰǮĸм˼֡

׼ҪȥصظҵǼ, ½ﶼ½ҵġٷ, ǡ
ĵǰԺһ£ڳĹڳ˵ҲЩ
˼ϵȻޥԺﻹȥ, ܵ½ҶȢٷ˵Ժ˵ʵ
ޥԼֳˡҳСԼˡ̤ʵ˺ܶ, ӵشҵġߺȥ˳

·³ҪǸϹɥˣǽ츮ڵͷȴˡȻ׼ˡ
µȫӡϱЦӭȫˣ͵ٷˡ
ޥû뵽½ҳôˣһȣл˵ǿʼɡ

һӱһϴɾΧȹЦٷ˴ɡҽܵ½ҵģҼҵĹŮٷԺ
ޥ½衣
½ҵæҵһ裬½ӾС

˱ӰӣޥоаֻͬʱϡᲲˣΧȹҲϵˡ
һ˴ӵõ롣ޥĵװ˵ͷ
ֻﻹһӣʮͻأ֪ǸʲôõģѵղˣиҪ๤ɣ

ȫ崦ȥٷˣ
ѾϴϣҲøɸɾô˿أɲ¶Ӹ½Զ
ޥǰǫ́ļ˲˵ȵأһڶ£ϱǱӵˣٷ¹ˡ

ޥ
ûף㱻ȥˡ˱Ҽţϰ£ٷѾǣٷ˽ǡĲõĵطٷָ㡣

ʱжˡв˵ģģջģģæҡ
ޥֻĿɿڴ
ޥ»飬ҪˣֱʲôҪʲôʳģôƣڳ֮ǰѾ½ҹͨˡڼҵʱúģ챾ߣӴһ벻ӾǸ׼ġ
ɩɩ»³ɶʵʵڵ˺ü˵ġ

ȵʳĶŪã¹ˣȫޥס
ޥʳ¹Ӳ£ȫһšٷȡһ߾Ȼޱȵعӹӡ

ޥǳ˳飬ûֱӰӵݹȥˡ
һ˱ΧֻͬʱΧȹҲȥˣᲲҲȥиһͺܻµϱӣϵӶƽˡ
ǵ˴̴ٷȲɡ

ޥѾȫˡ
··
͸ڼױһҶˣ룬֡ˡֻû뵽½Ҿ³Ҳġ

룬Ҳס
½ҵĵ̺ųʵ¼ܱȵġ˵ӾͺüеջѾͷȵȣֹ塣¼żҪϱ³
³ļͥѾΪʽѣ߸Եıʾһ¾Ϳˡ
ǵӦأ̫һˡ

ޥڳǳԷźȲ裬ȼ˶պãȫӳ顣ޥһɫģɱԼǿ̫ˡ
ֵȷǸеζ
ޥ֮ǰҵһ죬˵½˽µʱʵررϸƵѧˡԭʱ˼Ҿ׼ˡ
ޥԳ޵úء
ȫЦüۡ

ٷ˻˷ʱ½Ѿ¹ڶڵһˡ½
С϶һԲĸ½˼ҵλ˾˾ĸ㡣ǰڿջޥ۹ˣޥ֪ⶼȽ׽ġ
ֻΨ½Ϸˡ
½΢΢һЦ̫̫ͷ緸ˣЪš
ޥ֪һǽ͸ġͷԸĸ念ٱɽ
½ͷ΢Ц

ϯŮϯޥŮϯ̷ĸˣ˳˳ȻвġƫһλݼҾĸЦ³ǿأ̫Եùء
ޥ˶١λĸЦʮͣҪȥ˵ĻΪǿأޥһ˲Ի
һλݼҾĸȫҾԵõȴ³˿ء

¸³ⳡϣֻҪرƽϿ̵ģϱ˵©ҲͿݹȥˡ˵ֻģȻеʲô
ޥˡǰһλ֪Ϊʲô⣬һλΪΧ
ޥԺһλĸĴмֻʮֲǰһλĸΪʲôҪ˵һ˭¼ͨš

ԥһ£Ӧ˵ʲôԲԲֻûڣ½ȿˡ
ҳŻͦãζҲʵġֻܳຼˡ½Ц԰עҵϱ
ҷˡ¼Ŷ˵ˣҪ˵ʲô̫ûɫˡǾĸڴһЦƵġ
½ҲմմǣޥˣҲ°ɡ
ޥһů˸Լλ¡Ѿǰղŵλá

ĸԶϱ̬ѾԡλޥľĸҲûɫġԭΪԼýҲǶﲻģû뵽š˵ȥûȤˣֻϴЦ֡Ǽ³ˣֻຼ˳ԡ

˶ȫףʵ͡ϣѾԼҵĿζˣȻʲô⡣
ޥԭŴ극½ȥɽȥء͵Ӷߴˡֻ˭֪극½˲ߡŮƲ˵Ȳ衣

ŮҪͬ½˵Ҳޥ䡣ֻλĸʣƽʱЩʲôأ
ޥŻ٣ش𣺡ǡͤμǡຼ־֮͡

ȥ½ȥ顣Ҳȷˣμǻ˺üءǰڼֻõ壬֪ԭЩμǾʮԣ۽磬һϲˡ
ڡ֮±ġ״ԪྡʼչǱʵںܻдмĹ̵ʮ־ء
Ҫɩӵһ䣺½Ǹзִˣ飬ʺϹŮӶġ

ûٻشʲôǧˡɼǸɵģһ̣һ㣬Ҳ
½˷ڱǶմմƵסǡ
ϱ֮ǰԶֻۣضﲻҪͱ׼֪ȻᴭĻ浽߲ŷ֡
ֺġ






48.   48    

48 

λĸ½˵ԭٶϱĵ佫, ǺܲͬأԭҲࡣ
ޥ۹۱ǣǹ, ֻԼˡ
½ȻǼ޵ļļˡ㿴꣬ڼ벻ߵ, Ժȥżң, 趨ʡżҵĹ, ǻҪ㲻ժǵġ

Ǿĸɫһ¡
ޥ˰˵, Ѿܰ˶Ϻˡλ̫˳۵ľĸ, ½۾˵ӡΪԲģǶĸ
ĸຼ, Ѳĸľĸɷϣ̫Զɶ˺СԷ޴ǰ

ĵþˣĸӡĸǶ, ޥ½ǵڡ
ڼ˵ͻȥˡ
½˵죿
ޥ̵Сĸ֮ڲ֣ʲôѽ, ǻؼҰɡ
ռҪΪʵ۴Т֮ɳֻ֮ڲȢΣʾ˼
½Ҳ̾˭õ, ˡ

ŮԺȥ½ޥϢ˵
ɷֵ˭˭𣿡ʡ
ޥͷ˵˸˵, ˵˵СϾŷ½һĹϵ
ɼļˡ½˻⣬˵СĸԼŮҼϱʮӣ

ޥѵ֮žˡ
оأ·ţáţ·Ա߳ꤻѵֻͷ״ʵڴ˯

½Ҳǣû취ֻ۵ãҲûôˡá
ޥֹ
½֪вףʮϱԺԣһֱĸĿеĳĲѡۼס۾ĸϲԣһ׼ҡ

ֶֻŮͺһӣʵ̫ùҿԳſɲС½ЦҡͷֵԸУֱ˵˱ָȥ˼ͽЦġ۾ĸģŰ˼أҶûӻһֱˡ
ޥȻȭƣҾ½Եǹԩ˵

½Ťͷȥŷ·ǺˡҲûˮ
תƵᣬ¡ֻޥֵۣ˵ǾϹ£֪ԺദҲִ֪硣ֻΪ
ޥôᡣһҺŮټһġΪҴ磬ҴɩӴء
½Ȼ

ޥеСҴЩ˼ٻҵĳŮҴɩӡٻҵĹŮ֪ˣͱȥңָҴɩԼȭ˴һܡ
½˺Ȼ
͡һ಻һܣǱ߻ޥ½˵ɫСĵ˵ͦ

½ֻǣȴ̲סʣأ
㡣½û𱸣ޥִˣȭȣôʲôʽˣǳͷ䡢ָҸֱֲӰӹȥˣҹһͰˡ˭ǰ壬ҹһһǱԭشתڣ˭Ҳȥ

½һ԰ɺЦʣĹˣ
ޥټǫһأҲ˵ƬŮҲʹ򲻹ٴЩҲҶ֡
½¼ӵԼϱȻ˵ֻҪٴЩţƵ綼򲻹ְ̧סǡ

ޥæĸףͷʹ
½룬ҼҶϱܲͷʹ
֣࣬̾ޥֻκ£Ҳ˴ܡ
ޥڨڨޡ
½˸ݣҪŮߣ򹫻˽ܻҪһѹһѹ㡣סû˵㣬㵱ıҲû˵ȥɲܶ֡

ޥæҶ˱˵˵ˣѾˡ
½˵ء˭˵ǣ˵ȥˡҪǵÿƺ飬ȿ֮磬˭˭ˡԷԽѹһͷԽҪƵᣬϴЦάסˣĵ³ˡ

ޥղ۾ĸĴ̺͸ڿӵʱ϶ЦôȰءҺûżŻŵȥ졣ĸԲʱҲǴЦȻһźء
ʵʶʱˣޥԼֳˣͷˡ

۾ںԲʮ棬ʮֿɰ
Ȼȷ̰壬ԶԶﲻ½˵ôʻһѾͷǰ̣ѧʮ棬˭Ҳû
ʮΣ½˱⼸ҲˣȥЪ˰ɡ

ޥһֱź½˵õȥԺ˵أԱϽ񣺡ϱȥˣĸҲϢ
½˵ͷ
ޥ£ߵʱⲽӱôЩ
½˿ҡҡͷ

ޥһ춼ˡ˵ʱûоһѾߣ½Ǳ߸½ɢʱ࣬үǶطȥˣҲطˡ
ޥеɥߡ뿪˻һΣ߱áٷˣ
ޥ̧ͷȴǰӻ£ƽŵȴһ½ҹɫ۾Ц飬ҹ꼻һ

ޥľɥ˲ûˣνžܹȥǣס½֣ϲô
㡣½ֵȻǵ㣬ôãҿǶˡ
ޥĵ˵ĸ˵ء
½ɫü죬֪ٷƽȥˣʣ˵Щʲô
һ˵ţһߴƽӹ˵Լš
ƽ۱յȥ˹Ծظ»˾룬ֻԶԶ׺š

ޥ½֣˴ģȢң۾ĸڲء
½⣬׵۾ĸӽЩ˵ʲô̫Ļĸǳ㣬ģΪΧ
ޥ˼飺ôֱ֪·׼һ㡣

½΢
½˶ޥ̬ȣѾӰǰҲڣĸȻỤ㡣
ޥҹ綼ůġ
Ц۾䣺أĸ˿ɺһر񡣡
½̲ס˳顣
½˺·ˣⱲӶǲܳԵһȥġҲֻޥȻȻ˵½˺·ˡһˡ

½ޥˣ
ޥ
½ббһ绹ΪѾ߶һء
ޥ˵ûУ

½ͣ½ŲüҾ˼ҵıУм˶⣬治ʣ
ʲôöʵġޥ۾ӣֲϹȻϲ㰡
˵Ȼֱ׳½ݸ

ޥʣ컹ȥԺ𣿡
ȥˣ̫ˡ½ǣ֣ߣȥôæԵ㲻أԵҲ㡣
ޥҹɫпɷ򣺡ޡ
½ŵӲ߲ȵͣˣûа취οֶࡣҲ㣬ܻʱʱðһ¡СЩûɫģǰϡͲ֡

½ڻϵ˿治̫࣬
ޥȥɣߴϴõˡ
½ʧЦʣٸ㡣
 кЩءޥüЦĸ׶ңڿɸء

½̲סɿ֣ȭͷס˴͵͵ЦЦ꣬ޥͷ˵ԵĲ˵ǮϿ϶ίһˣƲָӻмֵġ
ǿɺðޥﳣ˵أһǮѵӢۺ

ޥһ˵ӳɳݵ·ϣͱ̲ѵء
ֻҿûڣȥɳ£˵·ǧظ˵ȥޥԼҲ֪治˵
ô˵
ȥɳȥˣ
δȥ
½ü˵ʲô






49.   49    

49 

ޥ㻹е㼱, Ŀ˵ȥ
á½ͷ꣬һȥ
˱ǣһ, ߵ·ڣޥͻݵ˵һ䡰ңȥϢ, ǣ½֣᲻÷ſ, ȻҲ˵ڡ

½ͣûͣǣֱԺӵķȥͷƳһ, ֣͵ʲô
ҹɫޥ˵ֻЦ
½ҲЦ, ôЦ
ޥ֣Цôÿ, ԺҪЦ

½̲ס
ʵҶôЦЦ, 㶼Цúܱ׼׵Ц֣ĸ׵Ц磬ЦҲա
֮ޥЦ
ŷ˼, ޥѹĸҲܰЦأ

½
ޥظġҸ˵ĸȻ, ƭҡҶֺüˣӵЦб˷֡
½Ĭһ, ʣȵˣ֪Ц
ǲһġޥƶ˵ӻǰ, Цüë۾Ǻÿģʱһƭҵġ

֪Ϊʲô˵½ĽŲͣҹɫУŵʵĹ⿴ĿЩء
ޥе˵ﲻǼĸɷֳǻһګګȣǲǡĸסԽԽС
½ЦЦ㻹֪ 
ޥڨڨ

Ϊ½ѵû뵽ȴ½˵ܣ취ĸЦЦ
ޥ̧ͷȴҹɫУ½ɫʮ棬ǿЦӡ
ĿϿңˡ

ĸиͷʹë½ǣּߣ˵ˣҪԣŭꡣ
ޥȻҾ˵Ͽĸǡ
½˵ҲǵģͷʹĻȷҪòŻʹ١
½˵ǡ㿴ĸǲǳЩ䣿ʵǵģֻΪͷʹԼͣٶ

·Ҳͷʹ֢ʵͷ硣·˳˵ޥ̫ġ
½ôһ˵ޥԺȴϷ˵⣬ӴϷѵ½ʱ½΢Ĳƽݺ
ɽŲ˶١

ޥԼŸǰ³ҲףҲ˼˼ˡӹǣԼˣҪŸǰءôѾأҪźٷ
һʱԼ

ֻ׻ǣ֪ĥԼŵˣɷĸ˵á
촽û˵ֻۺͷ޷ޱ㶼У
½֪쾭ȫֹٿӣ㶼еο֣ÿҪȥճҲҪԺ飬ĸƽնһڼңΪį˿ãԺҺ͸ײڣĸˡ

Ůĳ̬ںլԺĸɷ顣
ޥҲܱ֤Ҿֻһ֪ĸ׶ϲЩʲôˡ
𼱣շء½ģʱ˳Ȼǿ󡣡

շĿɲֹţ½ء
ޥʵ֪ɩһֱŶáֻ˵
ǵģֲɵЩ￴ģĥϱĶŻ

ȻȻܾίĶϱ©Կʲʮܹ꣬һ״ԪֳзĶƽµĶţֻҪʾԼ߲ѵûϱõǸԾͷĶϱԭˡ
Ȼһžۣͺ
˸գȻܺͺ

Զˡ
֮ɩϵǸɵӣһ㶼ɵģ
ֻڿ䣬˿δ䣬ĸɩӵĵòһء⸮ȷиĥϱĶţȴš

ޥȻֱ֣Ӱ½Ϸ˶ΪһšҰȻࡣ
ȣҶںšɷ衣
˵ʲô̫̫ͷϲŭ޳̫̫ʾĲϲѹˡֻΪǣȻƵġﾹˡ
Ҫǽ񳿿̫̫͸ôԴ½˵ģܵڶš۾ƭ̫̫Ϊͷϲŭ޳һ͸Ҳϲŭ޳

ʵǺܼ򵥡
иֻ̫̫ߣûһ˿ϳǡ񡱵ġ
ޥϷ˵ġ񡱣ǵίʧøɸɾˡ
ίʲôأǲ׸Ϲӿ

۸˵ĶˣҪǰᣬˡ
ⲻŽĶ
άסԼķǣĵöԷ³ˡ
ŶŶŶ

ôˣ½̲סʣʲôأ
̶һ·Ϳḻ
ޥһ̣ûʲôͣĸ׽ҵĶΪˣոֶˡ

½ݸ֪ʲôֶˡѧĶʱΪԼˣߣ飬£Ȼ㡰ֶһ㡣
䲻֪½˽ޥʲôãȤּ
ܿͽޥ͵Ժӣڴغء
Ϣ컹Ҫء˵ڲôˡ

ضʱȫǵ˶ǰҹôڶյ㲻ˣֻڰУʱ
֪ޥҲЪˡ
ֻ½תޥֽס½ԡ

½ת
ϷŵʵӳޥӨӨй⡣
ôЦЦ˵շ
½ŵҹ쪷´ɣѩɣ赡

һӺԼ̫ڣٷˡ
Ͳó㿴˼Ӻƽ۶վԶԶġ
κվޥԣֻסӰԼĴڸС

ãѩĹЦ
ҲȻ˵շ


½һ·Լŵߣֻ¾ƣѬѬȻ
ƽСȽӹֻ½ˣһ·ߵñտöࡣòһӣƽۿۿ׷ˣȥӵ½һȥ˸ա

ƽϤ飬ӴʱЦл뿴˼ǰϲ˻࣬ƽҲҳֻһСȽܸţһ룬ٷ˻࣬عӴûвͷÿģ

½ĺڻصɽ̫̫ɹ˵ʱʧˡ
ƽŸղҹɫУüҵ顢ǵЦˣȡ֮ϤǸӣ֣
϶Ц̫̫빫ӹȥ˵
½ϲڵĻҳ·

½֪̫̫ôʲô
Ȼһ̫̫Ժƻ̫̫ͨϣһվԱߣ˰ݵعڵϡ
հ֮ǰʰ̫̫̫̫ģվԱߵӱǸ̫̫ǰЩӡ

ûڳ½һĸػûЪ£ʲô£
֪Լ̫̫ǰԽ⣬̫̫Խϲ׽ı֡
Ƴ۹ڵϰˣѾͷˣ
ֵáǵȰĸ˱ǡ
Ů˻û⣬Ƚס






50.   50    

50 

Ϲ˵½Ϸ, ǸԺӣСʱҸǰģòŸ, 
ĸôʲô½ʡ

½Ϸ˲˵ԭ극˭ϱ¸ϵô
½, һֱ͸׻г˵šĸ׺£ʹˣûЪ, ջҪ飬ĸ, ǵĲТ

ӹ½Ϸ, ʲô¡㣬, ˻㵹˵˵Ҫ, Һú÷ͷϴ
˰ͷøˣĨĨᡣ

½ȴûʲô, 黹Ǻ׵ġ
½ϷʲôûزҪˣ
˱һ
˵϶ЦǰǧΪ, Ĵֻ˵ūúýѵġ

ʲô, Ҳǰ˵
½ˡ
ﷲ½˺/̳ˣʮֵ֪𱰣ѭ浸ءΨϷ, ϷЩҪЩ˵ִѹ½ˣ½ûʹЩſò֪ԼĽˡ

ǵĸɹԲббһмֱӵܵģ
ſ½Ķſ½ʲôֻҪ̫̫߲Űĸ˵ֻ̫̫Цаķݣ˵ֲá
۽Ҳһ£˵ʮˣôˣҪ
½Ϸ˺˵ʱҭġ

ԭţ˵ĴǱһ//Ȱ˵һˣ˿һޣһ󣬸½ļͷϴܺ¡
˭ǽƫӣʹ
ʹ󣬿ôģ

ứؾˡ
˵ð
±úõģؾͰѹŮ͵½ǧĶߡӻ¶Ϣһ̫̫߸ٷ˵û
ŵڵͣŵڵôˣ
˼ң˼˼ҳԲһȥ˭ģѵǸ۾ͷߵݼҴС㣿

½Ϸ˴ĥຼݼҵ֧շĵŮһӣҲûݼҴС㷢ĵηеһ̡
˵ģǡɦ
ԭίĽ˵ã־ͦá

磬ԼĹŮڹѾüˣͨԼŮ̫̫Ȼǲ˵ģڹߣ¹Զ̫̫ĸȥ
½Ϸ˱˵ˣд˷ų½ûиѾ˵к׼֪ͨ£ΪĸʵʧְָˣΪͨ

㾡óѡ˭֪˽ݣֱǸʦֱ̫ӷ½Ϸϱ㡣ĻŭţųʱúöŮҪذѹźˣԼʵĻٸ̫̫磬̧檣ⱲӾͲˡ
֪ûüŮŮͱŰ޿½Ϸ˵Ժˡ
Ӹϳֱ
һӶָſأ

鼱֮£ѿڶʹ㣬ģ
һ˵⻰;Ҫã
½ڿһֻۣĿⶼġ·ʲôЦĸĸ׺ۣ
˵Цʲôң

ƽʱԼ̫̫ѾߵĹŮߵﶼ硣ߵ壬ˣǿţͳĨ۾̫̫ʣֻҶ֪˽йùˣ⡭ء
ԭ벩̫̫ͬ飬½Ϸ˻ûüͣһյѾݺݵˤ£飡
½Ѿվŭ⣺ʲôң

ŭݣ߳ҪùҪ£ķ粻סˡ˵ģҪ˵㣿ʲôҵ˵ļˣȥúˣ޿䣿ǶҲ𣿺ôĵĸҿҲʲô˼ˣ㲻֪𱰵ĶĻϽһˣ

˶Ŵˣ
ޥҪǴʱڳǾǰ·𡰱軵˵ĽĹӸ硱ķġ

½ҪеѡҲ⸱ģġ
ֻ½Ҳûбİ취ТѹˣǶˣкǾܸĸͻġ⸱ݵӣĸû취Ц
෽֮

˵꣬ͻҪȥˡ
˵ŵù¿ͷѾ̱˵ϡ
̫̫ľغȵƬϽʰˣĽţ
ֺѾǣ

жʱģȰġġɨʰġ
½룬ĸ׵Ϸλҵĳ档ĸױз磬Ҳǻֻི˭˵˭ⱹ̬衣
ĵײ̾һ

иɫӣĸŮӵơﻹ˵šһѣʹʹɫѹٵ뱻𣿡
䣬һȥˡ
һӵ棬춼йһӸûˡ

ѾǺô½ƻǰ½£ٿ˾ͷȥ
УġǱǡ½ϷûˡʲôˡˣﶯŭǸ
۵ҪȻٸСģ

½Цˡ
ĸɱ֪ĸ֪ĻΪ½ʲôҷأ»鳤ˣ֪ˣ֪ôءȰĸ±˶ֻлˡ
½ϷæޣϹ˵

ôϹ˵½ҪȢŮΪ˱°ٻľ֮˭丸֪ͼƷ߽ࣿĸҪҷϹˣίŮ֪ͼʱͳ˹ý˳ЦǸαӡĸͱء
½ϷĿΣ󣺡һŮ޵ຼ½ңίˣ

ίίǶôϺòСҪñ˿ıģ˵˵½˵ĸףĸԭŻµģΪ׳һء̧ţĸȴʮִȰΪⲻĸϲϲĸײȥϸ׵ĺȡ

½ϷŶϱܾͿģŵȷ½˸ǲϲޥģæҲû㸸׵ĺȣ㿴ҸĹӣǻ˴˼׼ġ
½ɫһ£ĸȰģȻ֪ʮֿأֱ˵Լ˸õĳ
½Ϸ΢飬ȴ½밲Ӿ֮£룬СҲҸ״֪ϲҲʲô
ˣ׳ˣԲѣȻǼǵƢС֮ˡ

½֪ġֻĸЩʵڿɶŮźҼգͷϡǿЦūźӣѵǸõģôžʲôƵġ˿žᡣ
Ѿӣ㶼ͷҿ

½Ϸ飬⵱˵ģ̰ء
½ĸҲ֪̰ģԺ벻ҪߥޡҪأҪӵݺݺʲôҿ
½ϷæôС˶٣ֵֻĸ׸ˡ
ĵġΪһֱôɵģӷԼˡϱҲѧˣʼɷС檡

½ġȥĸ˵
½Ϸ˺ص˵ʲôãȥ˵ˡ
½Σĵװ½˵һǸҲֻ˵á

½½Ϸͨ˵뿪Ϸ˵Ժӡ
ղźһǣʱůҹ磬˲
صԼУžͿʼ´ѾȥӶûüһúõֱӵ˵ϡ

ȥˡˡ˵
̫̫в֪˫ˣ
ѾǲҶԣæҴˡ






51.   51    

51 

ϱع, ˵գζŻʼֻޥùģ»黹ҪټТ
ʱ, ˯ʮ㡣ޥԼ˽ǡ緹, ޥӵشӳˡ÷ǵıӰһתط

֬˵Ƿ
˵Ҳ, Լɡ
˵ȥˡ֬ǿԾͽݵģ˽ȥ, ȥ˴μٷ˵ڿ
ʶǸءŵ, Ƕ֬ԭſһ, ڿ飬㲻, ȥˡ

һ̧ͷ
μûˣʮְҾ߰趼, ͸¯Ʈ㡣㱾Ϊﻹû, Լǹٻ˼ҵǧڹж顣
ֻƬ̱ˡ
뷿Ĺ뷿鲻, ҲûʱѾͷ
ԼʱѾͷ

һᣬĨȥˮͷ, źôϸ˼ˣǲҡ̾һ£ȥ档
֬Ժŵżϣһ˷Żƺġ߹ȥ̧֬ͷ㲻
ˣƲƣҽӡ
֬ĵظȥˡ

ޥûߵӻ£㿴½վ¡һ໨꣬һɫѩƽһ䣬һתͷЦˡ
ôôÿģ
ޥȹڱܹȥˣǲң

㣡½ʮΡ׻Сǰ֪ţ˽һΣı
ޥڨڨءϽתעôأΪֱȥǰء

½ûô磬Ȼһȥĸסĸ밲
ޥǣߣʣأ
½Ҫȥţߵ硣
ޥ棺ײ𣿡
ȥűǿȥˡ½ͣռﶼҪȻҲмȸҵҪöࡣձǱߡ

ףޥʣۼǰλ岮ģ
½Ȼ˵Ұ
ޥ۾Բˡ
½Ц˵岮ǶˣйжȻ档
ǣǡޥ꣬ôأܼס𣿲𣿡
ֻǸ½˶ͷתء½Ȼ̫˰ɡ
ᡣ½ʧЦСͱˡ
ޥզࡣ

˭㣬Ѿͷ½ͷú档
ޥȴ׽ס֣㲻ԴҸǲǵС㲻ܵС
½Ŷǵʲô
ޥ۾ѽ
½Цˣָ˵Ĵãӡ

ָᴽĴкȻյļ䡣΢΢ĳд࣬ľ
ޥоĪڵرܿ죺ű
ȴ̧ͷ½ۡղһƳ䣬Ѿ½ɫҲ䣬Ҳǻʲô
Ŀ⣬¡

컯գܿԶߵ͸߻ƽۺѾǡ½ֻЦЦջ֣ǣס
Ϸȴûòˡ
ͣ£˶ӡ
½˰񣺡ǰáתͷޥӣǡ

½򵥸ޥ˽ܣԵģûˡ
ǰޥǰҲа񣺡
˶Ҳ˰ΪҲӣҲǳȴǰӣѡ

˵в𣬴ӷϵϣεݼϿѾʮˣϻڻ껪ϲ֪ûжʮꡣ
½檣ǰףû¶ڼˡ

󣬱˵أϲӺٷ»顣
½ֻл΢΢Ժ̧̧֣ʾС
ʮְ롣½źޥں棬ҲϷԺӡ

Ѿͷţ밲ջ¶Ͷ࣬ǿͷЩȥҪ߶
˵ЦӣٷˡΪ½ޥӡ

ʮֹԾվλñ㲻У΢΢վ˲ߣе·½ޥ
ǶµʱҲ·
ع£ؿͷվˣת뿪

ޥڼδĳǰţٶŤͷ˶סˡ
½ƳһۣԺͷſ֣ǣסߡޥѹæ֣Լ

½ȻʰˡûϣԲߡ
ȶϱй񣬱кǣȺȱθ
ԭȳ趨ʡϱ緹ġֻ⼸յر𣬲һŶۣձޥùٹʱ̫÷
οҪ½ϷȥʰɵӲŻŶȥ

ԭ׼ֻյֱӣ½ǰǵƵɣֻһֻǻƷ۲ʣһֻȴںģǺգвһĹ
ֻյѰһģǡרŵıյרŵˡ
ޥϥ붼ֻ֪Ưķ۲յģںֵֹ½ġ
Ȼ½ǸλϣޥҲԼλϡ

ֻ½ҿӣвɢݳޥҿӣƮȴ㡣
ǱҺɫŨһڣ϶ˮֻ֪ʲôĶƣر㡣
ޥ΢΢ͷȴ
½ÿñŶ֪ޥﲻǲ衣ŲҶҲ
½˶ԼƲյ΢Ц

أޥ룬ôѾ͸Űûһ¼СУ߹Цվǰڼʱĸо
˰ء

ԳСյθˡ½߰ɡ
СޣʩʩȻϷ˵Ժȥ
ѹŲ٣ޥ߲ˣֻӲѹٶȡԹ½ǽ㡱
ںĿ½·ıӰرÿȣϸȴֲ۲ĸоޥһ·

Ϸ˵ԺӣޥѾ̬ģ½˵վˡͷȻ΢΢ţʾϷ˵𾴣ȴʼնֱͦġ
վʮ޾׼ӭϷ˵

ճӣȴǸֺġҲ֪ǲ½ҲڵԵʣյ˵ʮǫֻϷֻǲޥվ½˶ˡ
˵Ϸͷ緸ˣóֻӣлҪ˺ٷذɡԳЩϷԻȥ
½˵ͷĸˡֶ½ȥɣĸ

½֪ô¡
̫̫ԺӶôùĵҷˡ
½»գϷ˸ͨѾͷȥˡ½Ц
ֻ뵽ԼѩĶӣȴҪŵĸǰװǵ竱ĳ̬ѹ½Ϸһ㡣

Ҫĥĥǡʲô½ССʱ㶮״ǹ
ж־ڳãΪլ֮¾ҪЩթ˼ʵѹ
ȴԱ˻ĸס

½תͷȥ
ϱ
⺢һ˫ۣʮָɾǡ½ʵҲ½Ϊʲôϲ
̧ŷԼ߹ȻǶԵġ

½΢΢һЦȹȥɣɱȵˣȵþãʧ񡣡
½ȻȥϷˣޥġЩĥϱĶŶɱԼĶӺء
ޥҲһЦĵصѽĸ׽ⳡдŰɡ
½۾á






52.   52    

52 

½˹Ȼޥֳ档ޥҲö˵, ಽ½˱ǡ
ŮǴʱ֮ǰǰϷ, ɫ͡½ûС
֮ǰޥЦЦޥЦЩӲеˡ

ЦЦһء
ǰȥ࿴ʱ, ЦͿ룬۵סʵǿóġյЦȴһ, »۾Ŀⶼһ, ĵЦˡ
̫ŵЦܾء
ޥһ䲻, زˡ

ֻ½Ϸ˽½ŶЦ꣬׻ǲ̫Ȼض½˵ȥæ, ߡ
½ĵЦ֪ǲԸޥô, ·Լ
Լ͸൱Сİϧء
ޥ˸æȥˡϷ˴һ

Զ˼ޥŽ, ǰҪһģб˿
ޥ
, ű۾ģ
ˣ
½΢΢

ɶˣޥԼٿѾᳵ·޵ʮʶȡ
ֻ̫̫һС, Աϡû˾ţؽ˼Ҳطȥˡ
ȽˣŮ˵һ
ټһ°ɡ
Ϳˡ
ûԸ⴩Т, ֲԼҳȥ

˵һˣȴܺúˡź
ź꣬ͬޥί㡣أܴЩ
ޥ´˽Сֶϱί
ޥ£˵½˺ø½΢ЦޥʮТ˳̤ʵ
½˻£Цǵ۵׵ġǵŵĹ϶ϱˣĵġ
ޥðݡ

ֻʣ㸸ѽ˵һɱ˺üͽ
ޥǻ֪ʵûУ߻ŸױءױǸޥºͷĲ
զࣺˣҲҿˣҲָ󡣡
˵ıСԵϵ½ɷ֡

½˶ޥȥʰʰǰɡ㹫˵˻ᾡŸϻˣȥ˵˵㹫úٺúд
ޥϥϱȥˡ
תҪȥȴǶ½˵֪ͼԭǶӦ֮塣´ຼҶ½Ҹ߷ڣͬס

׷˼ȢϱŵױҪ½Ҵǰܾ˺üýˣȴȢһҹϢຼ˽Ȼϸʣ֪Ǿһ֪ͼϲԵľʴϷ
ǲ˹Ц½ǰ۸ڶһң֮ŵʱֻ½һƷ߽ࡣ
ຼ½ҡ

ޥŲ˶٣ͷƳһۣǻ˵
׾˹Ҷ֪ѽ
ޥ±Ǻ£㱻֪ҲǺõġ
ֻ֪Ϊʲô˵ĻȴЩ΢Сֻ˵塣
ˣˡ

°ءŴеʱ򣬹Ȼ½δüϻ½дǣ˲裬ѹȥޥԺӡ
½ʮ֪ʶȤ͵ˣȥĸףϯ׼Σɱֳǡ
ޥĸ㻹вĵġСС˶ڶʮ־ġ
½չüһЦʮ

ιüۻЦģ
°ֿ죬ֿأֲζġ
½һռˣ뿪ˡ

һߣޥͽ˰󣬱Ǹǰ磬ҵӣ
°صص㣬ˣ
˵Żޥ˷

һţõǽϹһĳãֻ볣ͼһǣͼлһӡ߽ţһӣȻʮȤ
ޥָʣÿÿ½Իģ
¼ֵĻͻֻӣȤɰ

ָŽ˴μ䣬ޥϢңԴ͡
ֵ´ֻǽѩأשĘȣ£Ҿһˮ̴ľ۵ŵķ۲ʲ
¶һСҼҵĹ뷿

һ÷˽ʣϲˮĺʹеʹ
ֵڴμ䡢ҼתһȦˣ°齣˽ʡޥƵģ
ҶϵȵģĶຼζºÿеģ۸
°ɶǳ׵ˣע⵽Щϸڣĳޥ½ҹͦãһ

°տ³ˣ
ޥˡ
ɵһߣˡ˶ˡþЩϱ˾Ǳʳֲڡ

°׷ʣզѳԲѳԣ
ޣޥ˵ôѳԣȫġ
ֵͬɶ

һЦ
ޥĸˣӡ÷㶼ʶȤ˳ȥˣźֻߺҵġСǰ·ģһ
Ц°ʣզ£

ޥ³ľһ顣ֵզࣺǴ˼ҡ
°صҲеֲȱźˣʵûҪҪúõرɩھҲӡ
ޥɫء˼ҺúıŮ޸㣬ʵõúö˼ң˼ҹӵġ

⻰˵ãǻڼʱһˡ
°ɶһֿۣſڣǰ˴ա°ѹʣû㣬³Ŵզˣ
ޥЦݣûУɺءɩһ

ϸõüۣ˵ѣֿߺҵġ
æأ˿ģɶǹͦõġ
ҵҲǣûйѴĥ
°ءɻ½ݰǸʣɴ겱ӣܾò̫ţģ
ޥ˭ƭǡ

ޥǸܲصסˣģӦˡڷġ
һڼʱͱޥüμͥ飬ҶùͷδҪ˭ޥĿİˣʮа˾žǸš
ֻ俴ˣȴ£ֲǸСˡ
·˴ǰȵӣ϶ǮܰӹãҲʮͬ⡣
ڿЩЩȴǻ۵
á

°Ȼȥ̤ʵˡ
ޥˣȻͷһᡣ
ֵæ˵ޱޣỹҪȥ㹫أ
ޥæᣬֻߣȥҵǮϻȡǿ
ָ߸ǣǺúÿȥúø߹úأİ

ؽװǮϻȡˣ򿪸¼үǿ
ޥ˵ź½ҵġ
ֵأСϸʡ
ޥСӷֳѣЩǴȥ

°صģ
ޥǽȥСӣרŶġ⻨ļûȥɩǣǿ϶ġ
»飬ͣΪ˸ͼ޷ֱþã˼֮࣬Ķֻ۰Ͱ͵ؿ硣
°صǾƫġɩллˡ벻дӵһ졣

ҶЦˡºɰװ
ģʣ½ôȥû
ҵ΢ô˵ҲûüһŪأ񲻰׽·˵İꡣû졣

ޥûüȥءҲܶ࣡ȥų˵˵½Ҹʱæȥһӻ˿ңҸ˵ˣȴдǣ鶼̤ʵˣٴӴݵعȥҲԵ硣
~ѽ°صݡ
ɵ硣


ޥֻ½ٷˣŲׯ
ﻹи£½иͨѾͷ
֪ͨѾͷǸġͺҲ࣬˯һȻС

ôСޣ֪ǰɩ磬׷ɩӺü죬ʹôкӵġֵϼܡһ٣Ųˡ
Ժ½԰ɡ½һġ

Ǹͨޥ߸ˡ
˶ܵҪĵءʱٸ˵
ʱãͲᵣˡ






53.   53    Ӱ

53 

˵˻ӻ, ½Թˣ׻ˡ
æ·ӣ½һȥȥȴԺ, լĻ
һвᵽõⶼݲġ

½򸾶ڡ
½һٷ, ЦǱ̫̫࣬, Ǿõȣûü, Ҫ֡
䲻ǵӭҲ㹻ж, ֱ˵ˡ

ףͺ緹ֻ½, Ҳҷ͵͵ڹɥˣؾصġ
Ǳ, ֵܸ½޹񣺡þиˣǡ
½Ҫ, ½˺Ȼȿ˿ڣޥǸú, Ǳġ⻰תá

°ۿͺˡ
ʱûڲˡ, 䣬Ǹġ
½΢ЦʣǴ
°صǡ
½⼸ʵѲ, սмԺϱǡ
°ƴһֵܸǡ

˸ǣޥ½˵һȥ·
½һձǻ·еģҪ˾Ϳ϶Ҫ·½ûʲôֵģͷޥһԺӡ

ޥȥһ·ѹ䣺ܲܣòֺÿ㣿
߲죺ôǣ
Ҫ·ѾеˣޥǰɲôˣǳԶٷ·е𣬴ǰں

ԼѾǣޥڽʵиͨƯ㡣
Ͱһ˲
ߺҵ
֪ˣȥ俴

ҵСĵʣȷ𣿡
ޥȻ׿ڸҵġ
ҵʮָӡᣬԼûޣ֪ôˡ
ޥЦǣôһ

ҵ촽û˵ʲôףޥѾȴŮʼǵ¡ͨѾͷ֪ܻܿ¶
ڣСء£ǵ»ǰһҵĳŮԲŻĸ߹Ů
еĿ˵ߵ˵һ¼˵һ䡰ԼԼˡ
ָз

󲿷Ůˣǿһᣬһѹס¶ؽ˴ŲŶˡ
һЩƫƧ˼ңҲڸݡáʱȻͻˡʲô˵
Ȣϱ겻УŽȥ򣬴һ֪⻹Ǹӡԭɶ˵طôС

ⶼҰٵ״š
˴˼ңֲһǵͣаˣͨԴѾߣ̸֪¡ʱӴˡ
½Ȼ

ҵ̲סʣȻ˵ʮֵ½ͨˣ֪ޥġ
ޥȴġ
ҵģֱʵģ
ޥ
ҵģ

ҵĻ֪ʱ˵Σ½̬Ⱥͺݡ
ޥ˳ʹ͵ʹ
ЩôܸˡȡһûʲôҾ̹̹ʣ̹̹˵ֻţͨѾͷһأҪȥȿȣǸúÿ¡

ʲʲôˡҵıһȥ·СЩߵĹù
ȲܣֻǰҷҪͨѾͷˣɲȥ

ܿ·ϵܴϡ
ҴһǸоְ˽ŵؾ͸ޥˡֻ׼ķ̫򵥣̲סʣܶ𣿡
ƽʱʮְ˳ϣȴòܡ

͵ۼұȲ½ңǴҶ֪ģ̫˾ÿ⡣
ҵĵ
ֵ⼸Ҳϸϸţ˺ຼŮ綼嵭ԭҲ˵ϱķ綦ʢ£׹ӶҪ˵һء

׹ŮӳĶΣֵͶʮַ·УҲУҲʮֶǵ
ҵϺûʲôȨ˵ĿǶԵģȻԼʮΥɾᡣ
Ψޥȴʮͬ˵ءճͷϾһͣĶһ㶼ûˡҪǼ;úɣϿһ㶼оᣬ;øɾƵġ
أȭƣҿŷ˾оɾŮƵġ

˵꣬Ȼ½ޥɻˣ
˶죬ޥӦˣֻ˵ֻͷûá
û½˵ˡֱŽ
ޥһյͷûŪأôҰѻ˵ꡣ

½е߹ȥҿ
Χޥ˶ÿ˵ط
һ᲻ֻվһߡɵҵ룬קקߵӣ䣬һ˵ȥˡ

½ɨһױϻһ֧ޥڷСȻ˿⻨һܽ棬ޡ
ʣüʣ
ޥȡü½ޥ°ͣۡ
ޥ㡢ва

½˵Ժ֪ˡ
ޥ
½һЦ˵һͼʤڻݡҡۡ
ޥԹԵر۾Ƭ̣ʣп֬
ޥȥã½ȴ°Ͳתͷ⻨ģ

Լȡ˿֬Ĵɺг˿ôһɫ֬ڻϣѡǳĺ֬һ㣬ڻڴֿ֬ȡǳĺˣٻɫ֬ɫü
½⵭ɫͿޥĴϡ

ɿ֣ǯޥ°͡ޥתͷ
ͭ⻨ԼֺԼֻü֬ѣȴô˾һ
ޥ̾ת̧ͷû˵㱻סˡ

½ױ̨
ã΢΢ֱָĨĨ촽ָһĨĺ졣
ޥ˫κ죬ˮյԵˣͿˣ
½͵͵Цִ𴽱ʣգػǡ

¸һ߻һ߸ͷϲҪ̫ࡣ򷱣ңʧϡ续Ҫףīɡ
ޥʣҪ򵥣
½΢ЦҲ˵ֻȼ򵥸򵥣ҪȥԼо
ޥ½˵ļҾģԼԼһо

߼ãӲǣٷ˵ֳˡ
ߴһô뻹ޥѡ֧أ½ֻһ֧ˡֻޥʵʵڵأƱƽÿˣҲ֪ô¡
ֻ½ޥױ㣬üҲҲޥƤϾ۶ûϣȻһ㣬˿Ϲױˡ

½ԭʹӦޥعţ԰ӡɽ԰ӵһ࣬˵԰еһǣҲԴ԰дȥ
½԰д

ˮϵ԰Ҳˮլˮʤޥǵһμ
ʣլǼҸǵ𣿡
½ǣ˽ġһǰεͨУˣжΣլǡ

½٣һְ꣬ҵױҲլӵģ½Һֱӱլӡ
ޥզࡣתͷԶߴ¡Сɽһ¶һܣߴȴһͤӡ
˵Ǳиͤӡ
½ЦǱɽˡ

һ·ߣһ·̤ʯ׽ߣͽɽɽ԰УȴԳءƧͤǸߣܸ԰ȫ
÷£Ժ˵˶ʱˣ룬ӷźԺдʹźȵСˣŶߵٷˡ

һʱԱաڸеҲҪһǰ͡
ˣһ־һСӣҲգˡ
ֻ˶ͣҲδˡ֡

ѾȣûһСˡ
ޥסֹ͵͵½һۡ
½ҿյӣᴵɢδ






54.   54    

54

֪ǲǴ, ޥ½Ժе˶ƺعԼԺ˻֡ԳƵϾηˡ
֡

ɢȥλ, ½ִιԺӡ
СɽţȻ԰УҲֻһ, ͶһͤӡԺһأԳ, ʵ徲

ޥԭ˵£֪ϸͤ, پǰ԰ӶɸˡԶԶ, ܿ·Ժݶ
ģͥԺ, ġ
ޥ̲ס̾լ󡣡
ʲô½ʲôʱຼլ, ֪ʲô󡯡

ޥСж˵˵
½һЦ˲Ƚ£ںʱ£һɽѡຼլ, ɽġ
ޥ۾ԲˣǣԺӰɽȦȥ𣿡
ء游鷿ɽϡ½, ĸԭ游סɽϵԺ游ȥĸһɽϹ¼, Űˡຼ飬Ϊ٣鷿ˡʱȥ, ǻຼס
ޥĵشӦˡ

ͤ˵˻ޥﲻ⻹˵¡ƫ½ᶼᣬ·˲ƵġޥЩ˼
½ɫ뿴ޥж

ޥǸͨСҼҵıȽ֮ģ½֮ǰԼġʧǡŬٷˡݡ
ֻʱʱ͵½鶯۾Ĳصסʲô˼½ЦòУֻɫгຼ½ңֽຼݼңݼҵǧĶɻأຼǶô֪ơ

ʱһޥ½
Ҳ˵ʲôһֱֵһȻһģܺڶԼֻҲῴ˵ۣ½һЦ⡣

žһӣ½ɫȻȥȥĸڵġȥһֱӹȥϷɡ
ޥӦˣֹ
½װǣ̨ף

ֻޥԼоԼϴЩʲô½⡰δе̫ӲˡޥѾʮֿ϶½ԶϷŪˣ
һ·̵Ϸ½ǣִãμ䡣
ޥźӣղŶѾĹͷϹٷˣ㡰ȡһǳȥɡ

ǿһԼҹӣǺЦؿٷˣȻû顣Ǳ㹪ˡ
˵棬һ˵ȥ衣ȥ˲跿
һιޥûӣ÷㡣÷ԭǴԺȥģԺ˶ڲ跿Բ裬½ѾϤϤˣʣ𣿡

ء˵꣬÷߱㶼վˣ׼ȥźڿһЦż
÷ʣ˭ڸǰźأ
ӵҺӰڵģֻǶˡ
÷߶һۡΪ߲ޥѾߣҪҪȥߵġ

ڵʣӰǰɣ
ءӻش𣬡ȡȲ裬Ҳȥ
ԥһ£÷˵ǣٺȻɡֶӵͽˡ
ӿһ䣬Ȳȥˡ

ޥ½֮߶ȵ⣬ߺҵ⼸һֱֹǽ֮ǰ½Լڷޥױʱֹһͨء
ҪǵޥСֵĹүѪʢ̲ͣס
ֵȷѾأǷˡĸˣ½գ˷޸顣

ֹֹȥҵĻڲҪܣ޼ȻԽԽԽáҲԼͯϱ߰͵żҸɻżӣʮɷԲ˷ʵҲɶ
ߵ۾ǳϣү˾ƹͰ͵ظϹ
ҵĪ¹ү˾ǹﲻһѹүô죿
ԼųĹ㲻ж

ҵȻǰûн¼£Ҳھ˼ң˭֪¼ҹ̨һ̷¼үСϸ첲Сϸȣ˹˹ĵģһƤģƴŰҲҪȥѹү
֮ǰ˿ǧǿŹǧԹүֵģզˣ
ߣðȡ

һ뿪ޥ;ס½ӣǲϷŪң
½װɵ֪˵ʲô
ˣ⸱ӣٷְϷŪˡ
ҵɵӣߡȫҺɵӡޥߺߣǸͨأ

½һһĘȣ棿
ЦЦҲҽȥ
Ǹ棬½ˡ
ŮӵȻҡޥǰȥǵҡֻҪĸһף·˾ٲٽˣҲǵμȥ

½ʲôѽķѽ
ޥͻȻʶʵӵȻĽ½ԷȨġ⡭Ķ
°ͣƵ˵ʲôңӣȻԽȥ
ͻȻڳ½Цôſ˵ʲôԡæһ䣺ʲôʱȥʲôʱȥ

½̾æ̧һҾλŮС۲ʶ̩ɽʧʧ
֣롣
ֶ϶
ޥ۽ǼһۣŬѧ½䵭ӣ˘ȣ½Է
½ȭͷִסЦȥˡ

ޥһܣɸ̾ǵҷȻͬȻܸоóкӵԷ
ӶɫƵģš
ǽϹŵĸᣬǳ÷գǻͬһֻȴ˴ġȤҲ֪½Լġ
齣Աߵ÷ƿббһ֦֪ʲôһ仨ҲûУֻиɺҶ࿴ۣñ⾳
棬ɽˮ磬ǸһǸ֮о

ⷿһޥԤ룬ֻޥԭţﻹһòѾţ˵ڴŻߴʲôĵ½طޡ
ֻˣȴһˡ 

ɨһܣˡ
ޥת½
ȴ½˫ڱȺ£һ彫ȵ˿Ϸعˡ
տյķʣˡμҲûˣǸղűϵȥء

½⣬·ʱ⡣
⼸죬ޥѾζʲôˡʶرһ
½Ѿǰ˻

ޥŻˣæȭͷסؿڣԣԣ
½üʣʲôԣ
ޥȾ֬㲻ٳҵĿ֬ˣᱻǿ
½ô

ޥᡢᱻЦ
ġ½ıǼţˣӡ
Ǵվȵġ
ϵ㣬ˡ






55.   55    ֬

55 

Сž, ǳǳĵ֬
ҿһЦͭ⻨Ǵݰһ, ü۽ǺЦƵģֱġ
ֵ˵ɫߵԣ, Ҹ㻭һ

ڴͷ飬ü, ʶ
СȴĹϲġǼˣһֱЩֲ, һֱڸҲ, Ȼ˵ġ

ζ˶٣üͷȻ, ȴûٶһ㡣
Сߺ, ڽôױСʲôƷλҲȴ
˵̧°ͣ軭

˵ʱûɹ¡йɫֻйһ, 裬, ʸͿͲʣ
, ʮ۽ɾеǿġ˭˭, ȴһ
ʱֻǸ꣬ҲӮˡ

ˡС˵
ǻҲ뿪Ĵ
СƵĵعȥȡͭգң
ӹͭؿԼ

ͭ⻨ӳһ˵ӲʣüëŨڡкᣬ˰
΢΢ͷһֻ޽ǡ򢡣ûгˣùεΣױʮֹ⻬ࡣ

СɫŮ̺죬ҲԼǳ졣ɫɫʮŨĴɫȳ˵Ĵɫ
֪Ϳ˴֬ȴزûϢ˵ĳ֮С

С۷ۣ˵ҡԺҰѸɫãС
ÿɷ񣬽ͭС
СҪ˵ȻСƽ磬ƽ磡Ĺӽиȥ鷿ء

ʶؾҪϵĿ֬Ĩȥ
Сۼֿ죬һѱסֱۣΪ˭ģ
³һԼֱۣ֪ˡ
ȥˡ

鷿Ҳյӭһ£ƽѾԟRĸ
鷿Ĺüۼ俴ó緢
նɱӭѺĽƱµ춨ĵλ£Ҳٲǰֻӡ֡ˡ

Ϊһɱʹں졣ϢȥȺ㣬պڵһֱͷ
ٴӽɽɽвһС飬ҴĿ˼ңѾӭߡ仹Զǿߵģվġ
һʱƣں㾹⡣
֮һֱݷܳıֱɽµ۵ǻϢڹش˳ɳ

˽ԟRĿһɨ㿴Ϳ˴֬
ƽ
ԟRЦˡ
ߵ˴òɫϲǱ㶼Ϳ֬ƽһֱûͿ
ڣȴͿˡ

ԟRһ־ĸо
ΪƽøЩΪԟRøˡ
Юնɱӭ֮ҳĻŵĿУڴһֵӱ
Ѿ˰ͶˡǶͷעԟRҲ¡ֻעʸûС
ǰô谮ЩҲֻΧӡΪ˶ӵĵλǲɺġ
ڣȴˡ

ͬģԟRԻҲøҪˡ
ҪƽڿϷһ߼֣ΪֺȥǰԲԸ¡
Ϊ޸޻
һֻ޷չ¶âģصһյˡ
ԟRյˣƽҳϡȫȫⲻһ˿Ĺˡ

ԟRԻһЦһЦе⣬֪СȰǶԵġ
ڹߣھվͬھ㹻ȥֺϹԡ
ˣ˶ɱȨԶԶϹ١òù˵ģ̫Ҫˡ
ڣϹٺְβ죬ȴƽȵˡ롰ƽȴū͡

ѾʼˡԟR˵óˡϭĽᷢ
ƽʣʱϣ
ˡԟR˵ոѾɱں⡣

ԭһǵճӵĻŶѣɽһžǰּͬʶӭ֮ϣԟRͻУ۽綼
ʱĲʹ̰ʹں⾹նɱҲ治ɫˡ

ʣǶָʹ˾
ʹ˾ָʹ˾̰ʹ˾һʡº˾ĹܡǰҪʵǶָʹ˾
ûжָʹ˾ֻǧѡԶ¡

ԟRϲһڽѾЧҸˡ
ϲǺĶָʹƹһʡˣ֮磬ʵѾȫ䵽
졣

ԟRãһϲһֱնɱӭǴɫѿ
͹ȻҲЦ
ԟR۽΢΢ü

ԟRЦȴֻһۣʲôû˵
ɱӭ֮󣬻Ĺϵǰһˡ˵ѾĵһĸˣĵĻš
ԟRǰ򡢹һв¡µȨʲô£ͻԟRǰ˵
˵Ȼԭ

ԟRϢûȵڣбȷ£ִ̫ˣñͨ
ػȴˣȻ
ƽ£ĵС˵ֻŸ⹳ٷĻᡣǰһôģ˭Ҫ֮

һ֮˵ĵ׶ˡ
£Ȼ˵ԟR볣ϲ߽Щ£һЩн졣𣬾ȨֵܱģⶼӦ֮塣
ֻ˵ɫʲôܽ泣ϲҲҪʱҪñ˳ϲ

棬ô棿ʲô棿֮أΣ
亹Ƕ˺ŵϣնɱӭʱɢѪ
ӭ֮ĹӶòһˡ
ǰֻǸֵ裬Ϊһļ̳Ȩռ̰ʹ˼Ӷѡ
ڣòһˡ

ԟRûͿĴ֬ɫرÿرʺ
ӢͿ˸Сĵĺ죬˵Ȼûˡ
Ǵɫ˵ĻҲзԟRˣѪڡһ뵽˵ν̲סֶսȭ

鶼꣬£ԟR˻
һۣ뿪鷿ڳͦԶһֱʮְ
ֻȻ̾һƽ

̾£̾ı̾ıòȴû˸
ͿɫĴֻ֬Ϊֺˡ

򡢹뿪ԟRʣղʲôü˵ʲô
Ĭһ£ֻǾãԺʵûҪȥעӿģ߲ˡ
̧ۣԺҪ˴򽻵ҿ̸ֹ¶ֿڷ磬˾ùӸֲ񡭡Ѿֵ׵ĳ谮ˡ

ԟRס˺
ֵܲ׳谮ʲôأ
Ǵλѽ






56.   56    и

56 

ǰ, ļ¡ҪģǽȥڲһˣŴ, ˿ءҪģ߳ȥԻԻͻ, ЩԼȥȽϣȥƷ, ˭ֵø棬˭ֵ÷֡
˵ĶԣԟRһ, ֳ³̹Ȼ, ҸСˣڴǰ

Ȼ, ۽磬֪Ȩ䡣, С˵ѡ˹ӡ˵
ԟR΢㵣˵, Ѿϥ£빫ˡ
ԟRʣ֮У

С֮˹ӵۡףȻ, С־ġ
ԟRĬãȻվ, Ц
ƽŶƽЦ, סʣ㵽ʲôˣ

̧ͷС˻㣬ٻ֮ӡ
䬡ԟRºǣģ
ǡ
ԟR棺㾹ܻţ

һҺľסҵ
ԟR죺㾹Ȣˣ
δֻǶסұסǩ˻顣

ƽȴӢ
ܹ̣ǶôϲһıꡣԟRΪϧο˻ˣңҲԵˡ
Ĭ

ֹǶԵ𣬴Ǿ֮
ʵֻҪ֣һĻʲôԼ¼Ҳɢļױˡ
кޣû˼ױɻܼ޵ú

ǣһȥ˵
ˡ

Ц߻顣
ؿһۡ

Ҫס
ܲܡ
Ϊ㣡
ūƽãֻҪ磬㡱һֱţ

ԟRп꣬ǰһʣƽΪʲô
Ϊġ
ԟR
̧ͷڣɫ

С˵ѡ֮ʱСˣֻ֮һ˵ȻڣСˣ֮У֮ϵ
С˴Ӵˣڹܡ
ԸӵĵΪնһնɱɱĿС˵򡣡

ǸãӦ裬롣
۶ԴûǷǣΨԟR޹ҲãԩҲգննɱɱֻԟRһ¡

ЧҳϣѾԽū
ƽǣЧľ
ԟRãĸоһֱֵָ⡣
ԟRס¶ʣƽԺߵһ
̧ۡ
С룬˵ţ󡣡

ţ󰡣ᶽԺ£ֻЧڻʵһˡ
ֹ֣Сҹ䣬Աֱŵʧ
ϲ֪մ˶ѪЩѪǾ˳ּġ

ԟR۾һζţƽɢģʲô
Ұĵҷ
۾ǰһ

㣡ԟRס˵Ļ
Чңұز㣡
Ժӡ֮ʱָգ

˳ʮ£ʵϢڴɳ
նɱ㲼ʹ̰ʹں⣬շ㶼ָʹϲˣ˾Сζ㣬ա

һ죬ʮɳɳַϭıʡ
˲Σڲʱ䣬ֱҲڴطֻţµ֧ע˱ԵĻӸõϢı֮ƣ׷׶ȡ˷ڵȨ
˰Ĵ̫ӭںΪնɱʱ򣬼Ĵ̫࣬˻֮һķҲڴõɽϢĵһʱ䣬Ϊնɱ
ɳʮʹϭ£ָڻ½گŪȨָ̩Ϊαۡ
ҸͶ𣬴ˡ𢡱Ĵ죬ָǡ

½ҡ
ʱޥ½ϢУ½벻Եκˡ
½סǵţҪڳһƵġ
½ſƬޥɵػعգ㿴ϣ

ȻĿ֬մȥˡ
½Ц¡һѿ֬ԵЩġ
ױĿ֬Ǻ۵ġ½

ޥڳѹˣգҴôˡǿˣ֪ʲô
½Цģãֻи˵ķݡ
أ˭С۵ء
ޥĹĵġ

½ֽϵ̨ǰϻӣȡһп֬ӡ
»ֻֻɫġ
ɫĿ֬ԭõģŮӶáֻ¼˴ֲڣáޥ½п֬ӣͦ档
Ȼǰؼݸݸıܰܰ˵ģʶһǵĹ˵Щ˼ҲͿ֬ӣɫ֡

ڹٰɡ½ȴ㲻ˡ
ԼѪģмλʵۺǲ֪ô֮ܳʢ߳ͯҲüۣ״Ůӡ
һЩСȻ
ֻЩ߰ģøޥ˵

ޥһʣڹ١ǾĹ𣿡
½ָմ˵֬ӣޥĨش𣺡ǡ
ޥԥһ£ʣôһ£ΪʲôͲˣ

ʹʹʹʹɩӣûһ˿ϻشġֻ˵ʵıϹʡ
ʶԵ˶ԡ˵Ķ⣬ʶӦһܲúܲõ£ֻǵҲо

½ߴޥĴƿȥۡ
һ˫۾ԲĲ⡣ʲôģ˵嵽ʲôṹɡ
½סЦϵһʵıϹʡ

ޥЩ硣
ӲϸҲͰˡ
ֻڶˣǴˡ½Ҳһֱɴ˿ģԭҲϸ
Ǽ¡ķǳǳزʡʰɣ
硭

½ȻѾˡ
ޥ˼һӱקȥգգۡ
½Ͽ֬ӵĴɸǣǺЦ˰ɣ

ӦǸ˵İɣ
ҶͨЩڡɩҵҧгء
ޥʵеǸ㣬ʶһ䣺Ϊʲôˣ
½ССԲδɺзŻϻνص򷢾ʹˣū澶ѡ
˵ֵΪЩ˲ĵġ

򷢸ū澰˵ҲûʲôġǰҲйúøɻ͵ˣģ·ҲǺˡ
ֻͨ
Ҫ˯һŴһС޵𣿡ޥһʱûסʳ˿ڡ

½ס
˿ޥޥ۾ǳʺͲ⡣
죬ľڣһʱ֪ôޥ͡
ֻܰͷʣС޵£㶮

ޥ°ͣ
½˵˵˵
͡ޥǿŪ˯һϣӾͻһʮ£ͻһСޡ

ðɣʲôҲ
½ˣʮɴ¡ôǣ֪ĸҪʱĸѾˣȿȣܹǲ̫ÿġ

ЦУࡣ͵̫ѧȥŮʿء
̫ѧʿǾͨѧʻھѧĹԱޥ䲻ְ񣬵һ֪½ֶĹĵġ
½ֱЦǣסߣûȥȲ衣

ޥĹĵرǣߣҪȵʱ̲סͷһۡ
½ԵҰɫΧŵģĴһ˽ܵĵطˡ
ǡ

ǸͨҲһ˯ͬһŴ
ǡŴ
ޥУ߰Ͳٺͱһ˯ˡҲ֪֮ҲҪ½˯ͬһŴϵġ
ǲ˵˯ͬһŴϡ£Ǳ½ڳ֬ܵһأ

ޥɸеãȻ
Ϊ½ܽӴϲģҲܵõ½ϲô½ͱŮͬҲϲ
УΪʲô˵򷢾ʹأ
ûУΪʲôҪôأ

ճ½Цʡʵޥûжʡ
Ϊޥʱͻûҵʵĵ㣬֪ΪҪʡ
ҪƯЩҲֻСŮһʱٵ˼

ɴʱ˿̣ޥ뿪ǰһ½ľһŮҲ½Ŀ֬ǻһ·˯һ
˯ʱҪ·ģǰɣ
Ǿ͡ˡ

һ뵽Ļ棬ޥֲذĿڡ
ǸطƲסģĸоֻ֪ܡ
ޥȻˣ⡭Ƕʰ

ޥ֪ǲԵġе飬е˶˵ǲԵġ
֪ǲԵģޥҲɢǸоǸ
ʼն
Ϊʲô






57.   57    

57 

һ, ޥ½˶ûȥ½Ϸ밲ΪޥϷʱ½˱ϷǴ˵ˣ⼸һֱͷʹ, ˴ǵĳ趨ʡ
Ϸͷ硱ô£ޥѾס䲻ϷôͻȻȱ, ŹϱҲͰ, Ѿ뿪ˣʲôҪȥΪһͲϲԼĶԡ񡱵˲ء, ŹţŲվ, źʳǿͦõģ
ͻӦǣ

̫ˣ
½ؿ˿ʻķ
½ȭͷסǶˣȡ

ȡޥͷ, ĸӱϱ, ϱȥĸĸĸͷɡ
½һ˵ԭ˵ģϷʵǺ³һƬТĹȥȴ, ùТˡТ˳Т˳Ϸ˼徲, ԭ͸˳Т

⻰˵ã
ޥѧˣ
۾ģϥӦĸ˵ǡ

½һȥ, ȭͷűǼ˳˳תͷ˵Ǿĸһٷɡ
װʲôװأ˭֪ղڱЦ

극ڶμ, ½ʣո˹ǵĳǣ
½׼ˡ
ޥ֪æƴǡѽôĻˡ
½˵ʡǻ񣬳ǳǡ
ޥֻл

Ϸ½ǣţ½ʣֳҪȥˣɻã
ޥͷŻ谵գá
½ˣ
ޥŭûУǴˣŲޱӣ
ǰջһء
½ЦЦյýЩ͵ԺſڣŻȥ

ޥصԼĵطң̲סߣһ·ڿʲô
½Ժ뿪ʱüۼǹɿľͲزסޥһ·ˡ
һֻҵĺ䣬һ˵ȥЪŰɡ

֪⣬ˡ
˲µС˲ŴһߵҿʲôүհǸͨˣѵ֪𣿡
Ŷԭڿ

ҵһæս֤ģ
Ȼģ÷㣡ĵǹүԺѾ˵ġ
ޥʣǴˣ
ҲûôɵߵԼ˵ġ

룬оǹģáүԺˣ㡣
ޥҲе㣬˹ֲ֣
ҵ˼Źգүʹͨǵȷǵˡ

о˾ߺһ֣Թã
ޥ죺ֲҽ򷢵ġ
еģɲǸҵü۶Ц￪ģ˵㰡㲻һ䣬ͽ˴ˣȻ˼ң

ޥϴ衣
½Ҹ·ˮʲôʱϴ趼Уá
Ͱ߶߶˵½жãϡ

½ĺޥȻܸоġ
ֻЩֵֹĸо
СǸˣֵܻ뷨ͬһӣɩӿˮֱ̫ˣ˷θ꣬;ôˣϴԩҪԭ¶ˣ˷θˣ
ģڲͬ뷨С

·Դߣٺ˼롣
ޥԼҲ֪ԡƩһңһ˵ǹƥ˳ɳҲǼʵ洫ȥ϶ҪӰ˵ס
뾭ѵעǲеġ

ޥΪ½ġΪ½۵ʱȴ̲סȥǸͨѾͷ
ûһأǸ˾ʧˡȥأԺ󻹻޸
½˯ͬһŴ˰һˣôܼ޸أ
˵

ޥ
꣬˵ʲôţ
˵ƭ˵ġЩ鶼дģҪŮȻҪôǡ
ޥͺȥϸںȻֻҡ
˭˵ĲǶԵأ

ޥ۾ֿʼ½
У󱳶ţʱе⡭ͻȣޥͰסԼ
½ڻеĸоָⶼ飬ûˡ
ܷ۸᲻
ˡ

Ժ½ĻȻңˮһپֹ½бȴˣֻĿȴ϶
ദܣޥ۾
³˳ѿڱǶˮ֮£ֻ¶һ˫۾Ŀˮ

߹ȥͰ޶ôϴˮˣ
ޥͲӶǵͨ죺ûȣ粻ˣˣᣡ
ߣ

ޥԼǷһС֡
ⷿӽ˾ҳռȻ£мôһյءС䣬ıǷץ˺ײҪ̫ռ䣬㹻ˡ

һʽʮֲ񫣬ǸӣԴӵ˽֮󣬾ͻûóءֻǹһգðʱϴʰȥϷ
ޥţЩ߰¶ˣָճϢɵúúõضǡ
ֶܶ£¾ͻ˲ǰܵĿͰˡ

Ѿǵչǿ飬Ѿᳵ·
ֻղͬǣ½ϷšΡغ󣬽վ͸ɴû
ͷ緸Һޥĳ趨ʡȥˡ½̾Ϊȵ۴У˼ʵ˾ء
Ů춼ޣϷТ
ޥ̲ס˳顣

ڼ꣬˶˴һ׷ժТñТ£½͸
½˵ȥɣǴ׼Һá
ޥӦˣȥԼԺӣͷ½üʸױһÿЩ

½ֻ˵ƯЩʲôлÿЩ
ޥҿһĵģҸǷ
½á
ʮƯ

ջȥ¼ֵܡ
°ֱ۾֣ôƵģ
ޥ⣺Ůʮ˱
˵˵ЦЦ˳ͷ籸ã½ϳǣ°ֵƴǣ̫ˣ̫ˡ

½ǧ޼ۣңǺ񡣡
¼ֵܹЦȡЦã㿴㣬Ȼ޼ۡ
ޥǡ

ٱ°ؿ½ޥһˣ顣
°س³һ½ı㽻ˣԺ󲻹ͷʹˡ
½ʧЦҾֳġ
°صͷǶʥˣ㡣

ɶޥʵ㰡Ժ󡣡
ޥԡ
ɣ
ƽѰö죬ۿȴˣϽŤȥ

ֵ壬ޥȥסǣ磡
˻ͷޥǰһߵﰡߺأ
ǳĬһϢӦУ

﷫Զȥ崬βֵ˵ף½֣һתͷȴס
ղŻһϲģޥŬرͣյﶼˣѿޱȥѾ顣

½Ц̾һסͷԼͷ§ޱްɣš
ޥͷס򣺡šûޡǴˣŲޡ
½ЦղŻܸǶء
¡ǵҡޥС󣬴˻ʰ

½ԺҸʰ
ҡޥʣҲŲҪʰ˼ϱĻܴ
ˡ½غȻ뿪¼ңԺ½ҵϱˡ½һӵļңһӵķһӶ½ңٲȥˡ
ޣޥʵؿ˳
½ӵ






58.   58    

58 

ޥһ·, ½ʱ۾ˡҶϴС˸߹ٷˣٷ˶Ͷ, תֱӻط÷ǣȥϷˡ
ޥе㲻˼ıͷ½˿϶ϵ޳ˡ

½ȥԺ˷뿪
Ժ, ƽ۱㱨Ϣһ̫̫Ҫຼȥ, Ѿʰ

ТɰҲɾֳ档Ƕû˼ڽݵġϾԼ, ͵͵ȸСʲôģҲǲ, ڱ˼ûôˡ
ֻ̫̫𼱻ǵ, ½֪ܴܻޥйϵ
ǹſں˵, ̫̫ס˲ȥޥ鷳ֻӦ϶Ͻຼȥñޥˡ

½ɫ, ֹ̫̫½ҲûЪ, ȥϷ
Ȼ½˽ͷʹַˣҲûЪ
½ȥѾ, ԼӸ̫ѨʣĸΪĸ˰ɣ
½ֻƽһˡ
½ϷûʲôرΪ½˵ӣֻնΪѡ

½ؿһ۵㵹ƻ, ˻ȥȴȥһͷ
¶ˣ½Ϸ˱㽫½˽еԼǰΪһ١ĩˣ½ޥ»飬ŵҪ»޷ˣ½ҵŷ硣
½˵ʱǶˡ

½ھΣæ½ǶӵĴ
ֻϷʲô£ܹᵽ½˵Ĵȥ֮ӺͽĴ
½ϰˣҲΪ⣬ֻĿϢ½ȴʣĸףĸ˵ģ

½ۣ֪½ѾˣȻΪһʡ
Ҳҵ̹׵ĸížϸ׽ԺҪһóѡлϸùɥ壬׷˼ңòҪһҳա

òҪ֮һҳաǸޥ½Ϸ˸ǰ·ֻ̫̫ȫܣֱӳ
ӵظŶǣȴ̾ĸףʵϣˣԺ󶼲ֶΡ
˭ء½Ļͺúöϡü빲
һŮ˱úöԴˣλʹЩֶΣʲôƶء
ã½֪

ޥ޹ٳԱȻЪ˸־ˡ
ҵĹأߡ
ߵ˾䡰ҡȥˣȴûҵû
ҵĽʣʲô
ޥ˵ҹӰȥˣɱǶ·˰ɣȷʵöûˡ

ҵĵأء˵գȥӵӺһӡ
ޥţֱͬˣڻͲȥһˡֽ߰Ķ̴˳

һ̴ŸӴӺ÷ͷͷص˵㶼һٷˣ
ޥǡ˵գͳȥˡ
ӡ÷æųȥˡ

һԺͼһ˸ߵĹѾտˣźѿ
Ȼ֪ޥԹǹֻǹͷƵģû
ӡ÷㶼ĿɿڴҲ֣Ӻ֬ŵúϲ£ֻߺҵ治ɫ
俴һˣе㵣ǡ

һ˹꣬ޥŸоʮĽǶˣ̹һĨĨͷĺ̾һ䣺
֬İƣÿÿ
ӴһӣСѾͷڨڨ졣

ޥôˣ
ӡ÷Ҳ֪˵ʲô
ޥҲ׵ģǼǾֲǲ֪
÷ֻ֪֪û뵽ٷ˾ҲṦ򡣡
ǳޥѹӸߡһ֣һץס䲻ʲôһץ¼Ҳ֪ץ˼ǧˣҲˡ

ޥֻѾæˮϴͷѴһƯƯٷ˱ֳˡ
ţ½Ҳû
ޥ½˵ϷµѾߡϱӡȴ١
½к

ޥסѾ¶ӡ
ޥţԭǹѽ½ѾְǻຼˡԺʼʰҪһ׮׮һǺ£ֻ඼¹ˣҪõ½˸ǰϡ

ޥһеͻͻģһԴЩҪ
½ȴ治ɫ˵ôƵᡣ
ʱ䳤ˣޥеס

½ȱ˵ޥ׵ȱǡסûԩޥ࿴ʱ½˱Ѿˡ
СŬڿ˸ǰֶׯĻþǲزסġ
ֻסʱĸɩӶڣͼס½˵עɼڼʮֳš

½΢΢һ£ޥһۣӣʹˣ۾Щȥ
ޥɴ⣬ҪһȻ½˵Ҫ˿һģûйסǡȥˡ
е죬½ǳ˳顣

ڴμһԲԲֱĶϸϵһӡޥֱЦٷ
ޥ߹ȥ˵裬ĸ׽㡣
˵Ż۾ȴճõǸϡ
̲סʣ⣬ˮ𣿡

һĺ棬ͺЦݸأٷ˿
ޥСĽӹˮǽˮĥһξװֱãĶᱻŴ
棡

ޥ۾ˮϵĻӣŴˡֻٿΧģ
ЦֻܿĶſ
ֵⶫ̫¾۹⣬һֱţյĶԼһҪյϻ¡
׻׻ĿǣСءޥڨڨˮ裬ʣЩҪʲôⲻڴİɡ
ŶǼϡ

˲װ
ޥԾȣô簡
Ǹʮ͸߷Ҫü
ޥô𣿡
½ֻӣȻҪôˡ

ɲ𣬾ô࣬¶ٳ߶ۼҹһĻһһ˫Ьּвͬһȼףһ˫Ьÿ귢һ°ѾͷһȵĹϱԺĹǣÿԵһѡԼӻϰæԼģﲻܡ

ⶼޥԺҪٳֵأޥæļǡ
ҪЩӣʮᱡǰݶû輫ģϸϸظ֮ͬϸ΢졣

½˽ʱ㿴һ̵ϸ£һѧ档ͷ
һѡԭѾ͸͹ǻȼͬӲͬ˾͸鷳
ò࣬½ȴƳޥ촽

̫ţ˵лû˵ʣʲôף
ޥԥһ¡
½˵ʲôױ㵱ʱ˵ǿºٸģ鷳
ޥЩ˼ûʲôףֻţͳ˹Тˣɫܲܡϲأ

ԭˡ
½˿ѡеӣʧЦһǳˣһӱ㡣ĸɫÿǵһ¡
½˺½ݵʱһᴩŵǳɫѣĽеҲˡޥԭͲΪĸӵƷζƫˣȻ

﷭˷ҳһʯ졢һƣѾͷɫԵϲ죬ĸ׿вУ
½˳ʯȹӣֻӣԵĻõһ
ǰѡõɫ̫ܴ﷭˷ֵ˼ĸɫͻĸɫӣãȻѾֽʼ

ޥ̽Ųӿһۡ
Ѿ߲д֣дһƯС
˻~






59.   59    Ư

59 

һպ, ½ҰŵĴֻ׼ˡ
̫̫ຼʰȲػؼȥ
½ؼ͡

½һֱ᣺ĸؾͲ϶ЩӣöϱТϥأ
½Ϸ˴òˣȻ֪Т˳ֻʹ, ճ飬ҪֿʵѹຼԶ֮ǰö, Ҳ㡣ʱʱ
½ֻԼТ, һֱ⡣
½Ϸ˵һӵĹǣ֧鹱Тˡ

ϱӡϱǱ̫̫ΨһȻ㲻, Զϱй°ЦЦֵޥޥЦ, ̫̫ƺΨֱ֮
ޥԴӽԼﶨһ̬֮ϱ÷ǳ֮á, ˵黰˵黰

½˿۵׶ͷޥ, ʵкܴĽܵȻ̫ŵˡ
֪ϱǼ򵥵һУԸ߽˼򵥴ֱؾͷΪˡ͡ˡء

½Ϸǣͷ, ˷׷׵Ǵ˶, ˺ü󴬣ʵޥզࡣ
ȥȻǣ͸ಽ
½ڰĿ͡

ֻ̫̫͸, һŮӻͷ߿һۡ
һۣ˵Թ, Ҳ֪ǿ½ǿޥ˶
ޥһ
û˸Ů˭һ֮УޥͷȻϬһ˲˭
ԭˣôƯ

ޥƲסԼתͷȥ½
½ŵǴˡĿÿһϣûھ˭ϡ͸Ưһ۱ܿ½ƺҲԵĸû

ûˣ
ǰÿ˰
ʱ򣬾ͬŮ
ޥе

ĵܣȴһ롰ʡͬܡֻ̫˵壬ޥҲ֪ô¡ҷ˰ɣ
أСĹˡ

ݼҾĸ½˵
˵ҿ˼գϱܲԺҪϱˡ
½ЦǼˣ
Сĸû˵ʲôֻ࿴½һۣɫмź
ޥš佱ɬվ½ߣĵװԼ·˽һѡ
ô뵱½Եĸأλӱˣֵý

Ƕ˴ֻ˷ݺຼˮϵͨдҪ½ؿöˣձ㵽½Ϸ˵ʱҲġ
ޥĿԶĿͷȥĿȻǰ½˵ϡ
½κޱ仯Ҳδɳڡޥһ̾ظܵ֡һĸо

ԭôޥԾ
½˶˳֣ءԼؿڡɼ򡭡Թ½ҪҪñ˲ءޥţԺɵעЩ

ޥʵһ㡪·˵Ķ˳֣ɷ½ߣ಻ܷһʵޥСϰ䣬˵Ϣ˸һЩ
½ţʶʱʱ̶̿ע½˴ʱ״̬ӽڡսжסޥܵñƽʱȱ˸Щ

һߣ½һӾԳ徲ˡ
½ҲҪԺˡԺڽݳǽ½Ҫǣسǡ
ֻݳҲûж󣬸ޥһ£ޥţҲǴһٻһٻһľ룬ܶ

½һĸˣУ
ޥСظһͦȻУ죬ĸ׺账أ
½Цưã
üչǾͰĸиˡ
ޥ絴ƣҾĸ׿ģ

½ȥϷ½˵նӱҪԺˣʲôʲôطòãĸ׾
Щתҷò׶ˣ½˸ԼŰ٣ִӴס½⻰Ҳ̧ЦʲôãõأһĹٽź÷һ綼վҽ̵²С

½š
½˰һؿһۣĸ
½ӣڨڨʵ˵滰ޥﻹСҲûĻӦ˵Ҳ̫תĸ׶

½һϱ£ٲġȥѧȥ
½һҾޥиĸˡ
½˵ߡҼôˡ
½ˡ

һֱţˣһЦ
½Ŀ𣬵С
̾ҲϷǰˡ

½һû½ССʱ㷢ĸǰ¶ĸס⡱ߡĿǣĸĸǰһЩ
ö֮ʦͨȻ
ֻ½ȴϷˣһס

ڿڵ˵˼ҺʵúЦ
½ҲƣѧʡʶǷȱЩޱǶӶ̫ߣϲ
֪½ޥǵκֽŶﻹ

ֻ½˺ֵСʱġ
ٶСʱЦܶࡣɣҪʽѧˣʱ½һʵʲôԺΪຼͩԺٶżѾߣС˻ȥຼ
½١

ټǺӳЩȴЦˣҲ˵
ߵȫˣ̫Űŵˡ
Ѿ£ĸ˵ĸףĸǰĸ䵭ģĸײҪ棬Ҫѹ
½˻Щ۾Ȼģˡ

ޥ
ʹпڷһ
¼ҵʱͨԺֻŮӿ϶ǲģ¼Ȼ£ޥֱӱ½ҵѾͷǿˣǻϲңһЦġ
ޥҲ۵ġ

ߺ涯ˣʰ̡ҪΡ
˻ޥĶ̴򣬴ӺĹӣűȥԺ
ԺҲѾˡ
ӡ÷Ѿڲ跿ˮӡԺɨ֬ÿĨµʡ㶼ϥһٷˡһ峿

æǵģùҡޥŹ̨ףֻѣԶ㡣
Ʊ㶼ֻܿѾʶˣҲپˡٷһ磬ĪģɷǺÿ

˹ޥŸоڻָĳǿȡȻطϴͷѣϷȥ밲
ϱ趨ʡʱнģϱʱǹѾˣ⹫ϱΡޥ½ͬһȴǼٺ⹫ġ
Ϥ½Ϥ½˺½ߵ衢һˣ½ȴʼշ·һİˡ

½Ϸ½˱Щ½緹½ˣϱҲˡ½½˻Զ˯һˣϱҲˡ
½Ϸʱ򲻶࣬½ֵɡ

ޥˣ½˱ޥһͬ緹
ˣԺŻϱѾһӡ½˺ޥãһһػȥ¡
µļǲģֻ½˶࣬¸һЩҪǣǮöϵı׼̫һޥϸԼҵöи

ֻޥզǣ¶ǰӱ㿪ʼٰ졣ƩڻǴǰŴװ¡
죬ȻѾѶĽճˣоٷ˵ңҲ¼ҡ
ԭһЩԶ˼ң·ʱǰ·ֲýôԶÿݽܸǰִ

ֻޥ룬˲ż찡½ҵĶҪˡ
ôͲܵʱøһֱӴȥʡء
Ͳ
͵ý






60.   60    ϴ

60 

Ƕ, ûЩķ飬ֻ½ļ£½˴ֿ˳ֵġһ糿ȥ, ̫ŸһЩʱϱǱһָʾ˶뿪ˡ
½ԭѾޥȥμȲ׼΢ˣѾ߽ˡ
½ֱӷ˲յվ, һתͷҲ

ޥԭվҲվ, һųȥ
ЩԺĹϱҲϤˣԺĹȴ̫ʶ
Ƕһ, ȴģԭڱǴͬĻźȥġ, ָޥ񣺡ٷˡ
Ȼ½ոСӴͷǸϵĴˡ

ޥ½, ǴຼʳֻǺܴÿ촬ġ
Ⱥֻ˵, Ǵӳģۡ
ҲҪСġ½˵ĵ, 𾪶˼ҡ
µС˵⼸˸̨˺֪ͬ˼ҵ, ҲͷţۼҵȵĲࡣ
½˵ĵأƾˡ

, ½˿ޥһ˫Բ۾͸˵ǳȵ۴еϢүҹ, ҹ˳Ŀ촬ຼȥˡ
ޥԥһʣȥϼʳΪʲôأ
½̾µ۲ֻ꣬곤ĶʮˣӶµ۴ٹɣ˭֪ôǶЩʳԱ⡣

ޥɵһ
û˸˵ô¡ǰʲô·Ҳ
ޥֱŬ򶨵ģǱ½˿Ľš½ЦҲµģԷһˡ½ݼңǰˣǾЩ飬£δѡҲ˵ǾͶ࿴ƣϵ£ϾҲ˵㡣

ޥһҲǣ˵ģʲôϻʵ۰Сʵ۰ʲôʵоңԶЩ洦ɼТԵĶûʵĸо
½ָΪʲôຼڱز򣬿˵ԶﴫտֻţǣСĵأǴຼԼຼǸ½һݼңﶼгԲʳ˼СҪʱˣҲ¡
ຼ뽭ݣ촬ܵ

ޥǵһرôظ֪ȴ飬ʮֵؾԼǴˣСһͦǣϱ£
½һЦվдָҿ
ޥ

ޥڱˣ֪ش¼ļأ
ôͻȻд֣
вˣ

ޥͷƤ飬½ȥ˶μ棬ҼѾѾĥī½㷭ʲôһҳȳһҳҿ֡
Ȼ˼ңһءӲ˰
ޥӦǣű׳ǰ
½˿ƶԣͷȥ˴μīѾͷҼ

ޥ룬½Եһ
ʱϱȡЦ˵ҪŲɣЦȴ˼һ£ޥ֣ǲԺõϣ
ǹɩֹãܾ½û·һõʲô档·ˣ·۾һɣȶˣǾ
ָҵ

ޥóԼõˮƽ̤̤ʵʵسһҳõμ½ˡСʱŸɣÿճ˴ֽҵĸо
½˿˿ûʲô̫仯˵ͷȻԤĺء
⣬
ˣ͵ǿˣ

½˽ޥ⼸ſ£ʵҲڿ㡣µļ¶ǹͨģó׼ҲǺúý̹ˡ
ޥͷ꣬ɩ֡
ԭҲûжôѣ޷öˣ½˵㻹Сұٶ꣬Ҳûϵġ⼸룬һ鵹
ޥĸ׵ġ

½˵㲹ϵģЩҪġõϣȴòʱ򣬱ܵġƩд֣㶨ǾϱдúòãûҪ
ޥЩ˼ȷ˵˼

½˵ԺҪ;ģ˼ң˽ҲãٳҲãύĶǲˡۣȺӣ˶ǷȦӵģиȦйȦ䲻ϱƲϡ˰˴֡
ޥûסЦ˳
ǰЦ½룬ԼҲЦ

ʮأݣڵĸоز죬Ժһύѡֻ˼ңĶǲ˼ҡ˼ҳŮӣĵ׶һְԵĲ˵¸Լ˶ʣǱû⡣Լʣֱ֣˵ˣʱӵӣұ˲ȥ
ȴޥԣ
½ˣ
ʲôСèƵġ

ޥҲΪ飬佫ҵĹŮҪȥѧ˼ҵŮǿ硣
ֻΪѣǡ֣
д⡣½˵ͷԺÿƪ֡

ѽصСʱ
ޥ鲻Խ΢΢˿ڿˮ
½ǳһ¡ϱֹдϣֱдȫ
ϰԵȥǣȴͷʵûۡ

ޥһ⶯ڵֱ壬ĸףΪΪѣҵӱЩ¿๤ˣĸ׷ĺˣ
½½֣иɲܹΣ
дۡˣ

۾ԲԲػƵĹâ
½գգۡ
Ц£ֻˡٷģõġԵġ
˵ŽŮĵĵޥơ

ޥɰԵˣ½ҵĵرóԡ
ֻ㻹ǵԼ˼ϱˣڼŮʱڵɨһȦĸá
½ֵֹֹĸо
ޥģԼŮʱֻèĪͻ
أ֮⣬ʳЩء

ȻŶˣޥû˼ˣĵسù緹ˣɵȷֶء
һ̧ۣȴĸԼֵֹġ
½ƿߣƻʣɻ˫½
ޥеģҡҡͷȥֺ˿ڲ裬±ӵǧҵĹңֻû̻ᡣ
ʵû˼ֱӾܾˣݸݸȥˡ۹ݸݸû̻ᡣ

½˱ǽ
Ѿ߱ȡ˫½
ޥ⹦һģȿڲȥû취׶

嶼ڿ½˸˹򣬴塣
ָ
ޥ޹֮ǰ·һֻ棬Ͽؽޥء
·֪شˣϱıȻЩȻ·ԼһܵȫûйصĿࡣйܱûǿ

ֻޥ룬϶벻Űӹ̵ǽվأŵĺ裬塣
ﰡȫϴأ






61.   61    

61 

ޥ˵Ķ, ֻҶơҶǸŮǼһ⣬ܶĵСǮ顣
˫½ʵ, ɷ־Ӵ󣬵Ҳвԡ
ݸݸʱž, ֻõϵһ, ͷѧݸݸܳȥȥˡ

ֻޥʮ, ûСʱˣһѧ, һֻͦġ
ر, ܳŵģ衣ϵҲߵҲɡ
, ޽½⼸ɵʱˡ

ֻǲףĸף岻ѵġʲôô𣿡
ž͸һʲôرĳ£ʲôر;
½, ûУûСҼĶ
ޥ

ڿЦ
½˵Ǹʱġ
ޥ۾Բ
½Ī, ס֪֮ǰѧЩʲô, ޷ǴЩֻҸղ˵ˣЩûʲôֻ޹, Ϊţղ͵ģǸأѧڽôӡ

ٷ˵ȥݣЩԺ¶ˡֻǸ˼լʱܵ뷨Ӵʱ䡣˺ұٷ˿ܲĶһ̻ٷˡˣճеǲڼį

ޥƬ̣˵ĸܡ
ﰡˡ㿴ء
½˲ΪԼҪʲôŽޥȥѧʲô½ΪţȫһĻ½Լء

ޥӿ
ֻ׾֪࣬ô
Ƭ̣ͦǰϱˡ

½˵ͷһ
ֻ˵ûãȷиõĶöԺ½ٷ˳в½˲֪һᣬƵޥǰÿһףĬ顣

װӡšʫ١ⲻСʱֻһۣӵһҲû
ƫŻ˵ã˾Ÿ±Աˡˣٽġ
ޥ

½ûޥ緹
˶ҪԼĿռ䣬Ȼޥʮֿɰϲۿʼʱʱ̿ϱԣ½ҲܲˡοЩ꣬ϰ徲

ֻŶϱʫᣬһСһŵģֺЦ
ˮ̧ͷЦʲôأ
½û𣬷ʣ軹ǲǵСӣ
¶ЦݣؾСˣˡ

С½Ůʱèӳ㱧½ˣ鳤һֱޡ
½˵֪أ
ڿһЦ֪أûٷʮС۾Բʱرȥһѡ
½ˣ
ԭһˣ

ֻС۾ˮһɾ㣬㰮øʲôƵģ˯ҲҪűһ𡣻Ż㣬˵ѹſϽŻ
½ҲЩõĿ֡
ϱһ˫ۣͺСһɾ峺˿־

ǹ֪̾ҪŮͺˡҲģСèƵġ
ǵЦܿ쵭ȥ
⻰ҲûӿڡΪ½һֻ½һءǶӣܶס̫ŵ졣
ֻһ̥ȻΪ̫ѹһͷɡ

̫̥һ̥̥ҲԴ̧Լ
ŮңۼݡѧʻǼױûһܱȵຼݼҵճĴС㡣໳һ̥£Լ½ҵĹѫԶ½ˣﰵر½ˡ

϶Ů˵¡
ŮŮ˵£óϣҲŮ˵¡
ֻ½ǣϷ˻̥̫үһҲֻҲ̥½ˣһ檣ֻ½һֻһΡ

½Ϸ˺½Ĺǲ½ĸҩ
ֻϣû˵ʲôҩɫ޳֪سȥءıŨŨһ룬űӲܺȥ
̫ա

ȥС͵͵سҩ
½Ҳûȥ½ôˣסˣиֵܣҲǺ¡˶ԺٳҲûֵˡ

ֻϳҩԵòˣ˻Ƶŵòҳˡ
ӵӰҲûš
½йģ½ңǵ
ֻ⻰˵ڡ

ޥԺզࣺǿһ⣬ϱţȻҪѧʫģҲûˡ
ޥԭſϣԣ˸ŷ۷ֱҴ󻰶˵ȥˣ˵¿๤ˡֻ벻ұʫ
ҵĸֶʶ͸ãȻˣʣ⡭𣿡

ȥǱʫῴ˿ֻʫûעͨѧСõģֻӲġ
ʣ˸˶೤ޣ𣿡
ޥԲ۾£˵װĸ˵һһ׵ر

һǱ㲻ˡ
ұ㶼˵ֻ۾˫۾ɵôġ
˵û˵ҪɣֻΪӦ棬и֮ģֻ棬Ӳˡ
ޥǣСʱһͷʹء

ٷҲ˵ǡСʱ򡯡СʱտʼӲҲǾѵġֻڻ䶼ͷءٷҲǡСʱˡ
һҳݸޥһ߾ʮ˸ֶѣٷԿ

ޥԡ顱ӡ󣬴СʱӰֻǻ᳤ģСʱһģҪռܶʱ䣬ʣµʱ䣬ץ򵯹أ·˶Ҫ󲻹ǡʶ֣ῴˣв˺ŪȥѣҲǿȻǿͰ鱾һȥˡ
ڴһСʱͷʫʣҲͶʮ˸ֶѡ
˼飬ޥף񡭡ܱˣ

űһ£һ֡ûˡ
ʹƣٷ
ȥ¼ңޥһϵѾͷǶʹƣ䡰Сޥ
ڵޥ֪ˣæɱˣ

ɣûʲôѵġ
ޥķ棬ء
ҲǣСʱżءƩڼҿ߸߲׼ȥһţĸط߾Ǹطߣ׼׼ġΪͬ£Сѣڴˣټ򵥲

̲ס룬еˡ
޹֮ǰ·˸ֵģֶŪҲšʵأŷǵǳ˵ϻõú
ޥδӣֳġ

ȥ½밲½ʣٶ˵ã
⻰ʵԭ½֮ǰ͸ĸһ÷ʱҲɽ÷
ˡ

ޥҵһԡ
ң޷Ǿദһ½˻һЦ޲죬㿸ʱģȳԵԵɡ
̺˵Ժǵʱ֣ٷ˰һͲ㡣
躬Цȥˡ
ޥùֲ˼ģе졣

½ʵջûƽʱЩֻҲǵޥһڼҡȻĸסӶȽϷģܻǵǡɢѧ֮ߵ̫죬ͬȡЦһ˹ȻͲһ
ֻһЦ

ֻǲãδ֮ʱп۽ǣһ·Ÿüۣһ·ӡֵֽš
ʿ˻ƵеƮֵϭ£
ϭ£
ϭ£


¥ϣ˵յ·ŵ˵ϡŮ˽С𣬽§ס
Ƿ׷׳嵽ϣȥֽ
𢣬






62.   62    

62 

½ص, ȥϷʰ
½ҲǲŻոջۡ鶼ȥˣҾ㶼оˡ
½½Ŀҵ¹Σ
½ͬıʼܳ, ЩҲûоͻķӡ

½ͷ
½˵ķޥǱˡ
ϱüɣ޲ϲ򲻿졣½Ŀɨ, ЦʣҲ, ĸ

½˰һۡ
½Цǰ, ߽ޡʲôĲԵģͻС, Ҫ̫쳤վ, 
½룬߽̻кó, ȴһӦǡ

ϷȥޥԺӡ
綢, ½һƾյϢˡ½, ͭˮˣʳҲ͵ˣ͵ˡ

һǲ̫½ǰյ, Ҳ֪Լ´衣ӺͲƹȥ½ϴ־档
ɾ½ƳһһֱԱߣвزסȲޥ, ʣɻã
ޥﲻסˡ

һ¶ûУĸһúܿأȸԾ˵ĸ׺˫½һӮһء
½ʧЦôСʱĶˡ
ޥ۾ֳЦ⣺Ϊĸʲôᣬ̫ƣԽҡ

ᣬһᡣ
½˶٣ޥ۾ĵ׺Ҳˮһ㡣
Ǻܺá۴Ц⣬ǣסޥ֣μȥĸ׻ܶȤĶҪѧˣįˡ

ںţС˽Ҫҹ˵
ĸ֣ÿƪأ
֮ǰ
ҪʫһΪѵģַûмѡ
ߴߴģүҲӣһֱЦζ˵ֱ

˲ųС뷹ԺȻ춯
ƽ۽ٺܿ죬Щ̵ӣӾϣ˵ǣҪַαۣ
ﾲһ˲ʱס
漴÷ˮƿʧһ˲̵ָ˶ˡ

ȿڵľޥһ£ʣǡɳ𣿡
½ޥһۣЩޥ֪ķں㣬ڳɳ
½ᣬȴȣң侲ƽۣõʲô
ƽæݹȥϭġϸͽģүҲȥˡǸӵġ

½ӹɿɨһ顣
ޥ̲סʣҪ𣿡
Ÿ˵ԱһأϢˡޥʱԹͶء
½һĿʮеɨϭģ˵ءһۣ¡

ޥͦأû¡ǽϣ˭ʵ۵£ҪҲڽ򡣡
û˵ѾĶء̣һ¶㲻š
½ƳеѾͷԭ̵ɫޥĻƽˡ

ޥֵĻҲȥģ԰ɣҿͼģҪӺ㷢ĻǱȥƫˣﶼǺأ԰ɣ
Ȼ˵еȴûиղ϶ˡȻΪңõ½Ŀ϶

½ϲ侲ޥȷдﲻĵطȴҲгԤڣ˾ϲĵط
ףӺ㱼ǣǵݵġ
ֻû˵ǷǷɽʦʲôȷûҪĵ

½һ䣬ޥ̤ʵ˺ܶ࣬ǰԲµġ
ŮƽСӣղŵþʧ룬Ҳƽ򶼷ˡ
ֻٷ϶ûٳˡ
½ȥϷϲٹˣ㲻عң̤ʵϢˡǽϣصġ

ޥվӦãá
½֣ƽˡ
ޥˣ£ʲôأԶأøʲôʲôȥ
ұ˾¡

صң߿ޥǣһҪ̣ŵˣ㾹¡
ޥ᲻¡ֲûͷؾЩȱ첲ȵӡǻֻǽɽˡ򺣵أ㲻ô̡
߳Ծ㻹󣿡
ޥ˵Լҿٷˡ
Щü䣬˵ʲôҲ֪˵ʲôֻипٲǴǰǸֻ֪Ĺˡ

Ÿпţޥʣߣղɳ
һ飬ȥһסޥ죬ѹ죡޹أ޹أ
ޥ˶٣ǿ֣֪ˡ
أ޹ء
йأֲݵأҲɱʲôҲﲻ硣

ޥѾܾûˡٴ磬ɽӾĴ¡
ϵĴС׸òʵҲֻ֪˽Ѿ濪սܵʤˡ
ֻô죿

ޥ֪Ѱٻ˼ı˼ҶӲһūͶˣǲƲͨǺԵļҲһҷûȻȥ
ѾūˣˣӦҲֻٱ䵽ʲôطΪūɡ

룬ԭĴѾᡰˡޥ̾˫ֺʮĬĬ
߿ҲûֹҲ˫ֺʮĬĬ
ү벻Ҫ̰˭ʵ۲һһ

ޥȳʰͣϷȥ·϶ܸоŽŵա
ֹ֪ܳһһֹǽݳǣϭĴﵽĵط˽ŵ֮¡
ֻٽţҲ

Ϸ½˴δȹֱӽѾá
ϱһ棬ȻһۣδڶԷüŻ¡½аͷޥСִ¾Ҳܲţʮѵá
ϷѾǶ̻Ȼˡ

˿촬ຼȥ½ȸҪ£ؾ̡
أٴ¶û˸ޥֱͦǡ
Ҳ棬ʣĸףô˵Ҫ𣿡
½ȻҲúܶ࣬ҲֻǸˡ½һ֮ǳ͢٣ޥȨԡ

½˵˭Ҳ֪ڲֻһĻӶû̬ҵٿ
ޥͲˣкܶүҲ췴𣿡
½˵룬һټҵ곤ĶǶ游ˣȻȥˣŮ޵˼̳ȫļҲơԵĶӿԸճѾûˣɻ綼ǵճġ

üˣһˡޥȻԭνô£һ˼Ҳడ
ԼҾûӡɩûе׵ֵܣҧгݡԼҲýƸޣĺӣǵճޥȻվӣôУû˵ճӻءأôҲֵСޡ

˵ˣ˵ˡ½׵㵽ȥְɡ
ޥ
ʱתۣ
һñ
ӦǡƵȥμˡ

ڴμˮ飬Цеʣٷ˽յʫɱˣ
Ҳܲҵ
ޥظһͦұ˵գ㱳˳
˵ããһֶûʣ֪ʲô˼
ޥһ֪ġ

ΪҪһأ˭֪ѧǸиֳɵȥ
ޥһ㶡ȴ۾ڿЦ
ޥ׹շɺˣȥ÷𣿡䶼˵ˣⶼǶ˼Сʱڱˡ
躬ЦʱݸɨҲ˵̬쥣һ֦÷






63.   63    պ

63 

ޥЦ˳
, һҲɣʡûˣ˵ŵĴʾ䡣
˵ǽФҵļӣСѡҼҹ, ʶЩ֡ЦŽͣǹݼϷˣǷ˵ס

žզ, ЩңӵѾ߶ôࡣޥвɵöԡ̡˾η
ҼѾкī, Ĵд֡
ޥӿĸдֵ𣿡

ĶҼҲأֻûô, Եࡣ
˺ǻ
ֲáޥ, 鷿ҲôӣҲϲ

ٶǼġжǴȰͽ, ຼʱ滭ʦ, һб㱻黭˫ͼǧ󹺡

رбµ˲ܱҡء䲻֪˭, ޥžĪΪ½
žǣɣ

ޥǰ, Ҳºдֵơʣ迴˻ⲻ, ͷ˵μȥˡ
ҼֻīѾͷޥ
ޥԭ򻹽ţֻǶī, ¶ӵ㣬вɽ¯ﲻ֪ʲô㣬Ѿͷֻܰμż跭ҳ½˴µѾģӰޥܵġ

澲
⡰˵ûÿﶼܾ
ޥǰûгԹָоȸԾġġʱ׼ġ
ֻ󣬲֪ļרǰԼ顣
ֻŴֶд꣬µıʵʱ򣬲룬⡭½˵
̫ˡ

ޥ밲½ҡ
Ѿʹˣ½ȷҵģֻЩģ͵ຼȥ½Ϸ˸ǰТȥˡ
ӻ˵һ䣻λﱾ̫̫ǰܳѾͷ͸үġ

̫̫͵ģ½˻ȥˣﻹʣ
ޥػⰲظ½˿ĸͷȥ磬и
ٷˡ

ȥˡ

ûдڸС
ǧȫͬءǧںطԴȵġġ̵ġִġ۵ĶǺǧҡ
Ҳܰ½ҵİֲһǾظܵǵĴڡ

ޥдõֽȥμ裬½˾ѾˡԭЧʣӲˮղűˡֻޥȫעأû
½ԼҲľ

ֽȥ½˿˿ޥָ࣬һдòã߱ʷ档
ޥʮ棬ͷ
½˿һۣһ㵹Ǻֵñʮ㣬鸡
˵ɵǰ·˾˵ޥƤ񣬲͵ǳ

ζ꣬˫½½˱ޥȥˡֻǰ˼飬¿Կ
ޥһΪʫҵһ࣬飬ŷŻȥˡ

½ңȻȥϷ
½ʣԺΣ
½ѹţ̸ۡ
½ͷǳء
ȫ֪Σֳʤܣְ֧ߵģ˭֪᲻ᱻס

½ֻĲ̸˽ﻹҪ۵ġ
½뿴½ֻ˵
½ͷˡǻᣬüԺ
˼ңͻһ仰ϡһԺ˾ĴΣܻųһ˵ͷСֻǣؼ塣Ժ߰С´죬¶ġ
֮أ顣

½Ȳ˵£ԭţ¾ٳЩܲóԺ
½̾ӻᡣδش½ĿѾƵһԣĸף
½Ų裬ȴҡͷ
½˵ɱˣ֮һգҲʲôԭ֣֮ý֮۶ϣ

½ĬһϢǶˡ
½ο֪Լ棬ЩҪͳˣ档
½ֵ̣ܽͬ۹£ֻۣΪٵģţ˵ƶЩͬǣЩЩ֮ԡ
½нõģһˣ㲻Ҫˡ
½ףˣٿ

˵ˣ½˰ĸ׽տɰãпɺã
½˵ң¡ֵϱңеĸķ緶
½¶Ц⣬ȴĸײԶĸ׶

½ĸȤ䣬½ˡ½˵˵
½˵ͼ׼ġ佫ҵĹҲ佫ҵĺôӺܴ²š
½˰һۡ
ǷȤˣ½˶ˡ

ֻ½ȥޥԺˣޥŴҴҴ
Ժﶯʹӭˡ
½ʲôרġ
ޥӭˣһ죬ڿĸ׸飬ܺÿˡ
½ʧЦ

ϴ־극һȥμ½ʣĸ׸Щʲô飬ı
ⱾޥݹȥǸǰ˵ɢǣЩճ¡÷ףҲͣ¼¡һأȥҵ棬ƭԼĸ˵˺֮֮ͨõģӡдʵض˼ֻ֪ϱȥˣȴ֪ˡһ˶ܺأۼҲࡣ

˵ȻȻ⣬һĶԿڣڶģ½Һܺá
½ûɡһ۱֪ŶⱾ
λǰʴҡּ侫ʲô˾̾侳˵
ֲáޥҾ˵ǵöÿС£֪Ϊξرˡ

½ⱾƽСǡΪ˼ޣԱʼרģ㶼ӵճС¡뷢÷ٳʺδȢһ˹˼꣬Ҳˡ
ޥûͷأ֪澹ǼǰѾŵĹˣɻΪ֮еѹ

½ЦǷ޺ᣬ˼ˡͶ̥ҲͶ˲ֹһˡ
ޥ룬ʣ½ԣˣ᲻Ȣ
½Դûص»飬˵ʲôüô
ޥһҲǣæȥ˻ԭֻ˴Ůӣһ䣬Ҳȥˣղ

ֻ½صɽǰԭұ鷭һ֪أȻһҲˣԼīǰˣҲ¼˽֮¡
Ųʮգĸá
ƽСǡ֪ȥཫҺ
ʵЦҲɰŮӶమ˴֮ͨҲ
ֻΪ֮ͽУʵϧȡǰһξֻβ뽫ײ룬ͬͬѨ
պ󣬴Щ̡߽






64.   64    

64 

½ҺͱļҶǸͨ, Ĵӱ𴦵ֻµģǴ̡Ȼϭһݣñ治, ̼Ҳóû̧ۡɲŲչ۱ˡ
ЩϢ½˶֪ޥ򵱼ҷ, һ񣬲Ůʲô֪

ޥ̲סʣĸǴ֪Щأ
Ǳġ½˵, ϢͨЩۼҲЩ˳ȥרȥмϵϢլ, ͥϹӡȻ, ҲŮӷ·Ϲһ㣬ֻǲ 

ޥ½˵ĺе, ץסһص㣺Ϣ
ֻһأҲ֪ǲıˣжˣһƪϭ֮, һʲô֪½˵ҪǣأôĻ, ֻһͷ˾㲻ͷҲ̬ȡ
ޥ½η, һúܶˣֻΪĹ̨

½Ŀ⣬Ȼʲô, ֪ϾޡŮӣٶ飬߳ȥ, ۿ׶˵һ˵ϢҲˡ㹫Ը˵һ˵Ͼһڼ֡ȻҲ˼ңɷ򲢲˵Щ£Ҹ˵ģϹӡΪβ˵һ˵ֵ˼֪ʲô

ޥˣǲǰ˹ʲô˵˲ʲô֪𣿡
ֻ⻰ܵ˵һϳϵġ½˵ԣֻԼ취һɷ˵಻Ը⽫¸֪ˡ

ޥ⻰˵ãƽвžĶǣֻ̫ᣬƺһ£ȴʲôץ
Ƭ̣̽ʣֻĸףǾͲܣԼ߳𣿡
˽ݣ㷢½أñĸšɸղĸ¶½ҲԸⱻŵġޥʴһʡ

½СƬ̡
ʶո˵ʵѾǳˡϱദҲŰ£ԭ˵Щġ
ֻϱ桢ʵ˲˵ε֮½һʱ죬˵ˡ
⣬ֻȻôС
⡣

½ޥ˷ޥʣԺڻ̤ʵһǣĶЩ̡̻
½һģԺҲꡣڵϢ
ķӦ𣿡
ǰ
ǣޥʣôǺϢôǻϢ

½ڸݣǸϢǸطӦл˱ûкϢ
ޥ룬˵ݣǲԶءλүǷַ⵽ˣĻ̣ҲڽǰɡĻҲ¡

߰Ϣͻ̻ȻϹµĸˣҲǸģֻĸ֬ĸˡ½Ը˵һ˵ǳ͢˰صأлӷַ⡣ҲǸѣͲҲδ˵˽ĿܸҿϢһǱȻϢҼգԶֻȻһ䡣ҲûǵҪ۵ĵزءؾ̣üҲġ
ޥĸأǶš

һӦ½ˣޥʿ֮Ӧеӡ
ֻܳƽվãң˷ǡЩ꣬ݼҡ½ຼŮҲֻ绨ѩ£˼ϸȴûпؽ󣬳ݳȴûе
ݼҵı½ûǹֻǿȥûһĸ׿ۡ

ҲҶĸײǵһ˼׵ġ
˵ĸһԼֶŮ޸סֻĸֵܺһĸͬҲϢֻǸͬʿѡĸ˵游Ҳûͬ⣬ΪƸݼҵճĴС㡣
½룬游˿ڣȢλãǾͶ̥ˣ
ȻͶ̥Ҳɲ

еؿʮޥôˣ
ޥһͦĸ׺趼н
ĸ׵ʮƮ鶯йŷ硣׺ĸһͬдָ֣´ˡ½Ҳˡû˫½֡

ʲô氡˫½ȻȷͦģǶ˲Ķ
ޥˣ㲻Ҫ
½ü
ޥ糺죺Ժѧ˸Ķٸ棬㲻ҪСӼҼҵĶ㣬ɶˡ
ޥʼնԶ˴žη֮ġ

½ʧЦű㲻Լˣ𣿡
ޥܹǲ˼½𽵹С⡣ⶫӡ÷㡢䶼棬Ҳѧˡ룬㲻ҽʫĸֻӲġ

ԭȥ½Сл⣬ȥ׽˼
̸ֻĶʳǼۣޥ½ûģûᡣȻģ˫½ʫء
½ðҿ㶼ʲô

Ǳʫ١齼Сأޥȡױ⼸ˡ
½飬ֻȴк
ޥ齣½Ǳߵȥ½ȴסһϣϵԼˡ
ҺѾͷǶ棬ޥ½½㱧
һ˵šȽ͸һ˼Ʈˡ

ޥ㽫ԼĽˡ
ʵʫûôѶ໹һ׵ģ֮㡣ֻ½ӽġͱģһ׽˵ʫޥԡ
ף𣿡ޥֶһ飬Ҳûµ˼ҺһˣҲԹʫ˲÷ϲԹб˼𣿡

½һСӺ˵˵
ޥգգۣǶ˼ҳأʫġû˵ߣǶīˮˡȻ䡣
½Цҡͷ㲻ŶݱҲǱѣѧﶼҪȱģлˣٴЩһ˼ҵŮѧѧĶҪЩ

𣿡ޥ׹һֱΪѧʵģԭˡ
룬½ߵĴѾͷдһƯСأӡ÷Ҳʶ֣½ߵѾͷ֪ΣҲҲûʸǰȥֶʶ֣ſʫʵѾͷ½̫

ٷ˵Ǹֳ˾ɥ
½ˣزˣ
ԼòѾͷǿޥ̾
½ЦòУССͣ̾ʲôС̫š

ޥԼء
½Цˣ°Լ˵ҵķˣ
Цüԣңһ۾Ϳ㡣ҵʱ룬üأ¼ǸޥģŻԸˡ

˵ţױޥ
ȴޥ½ԣ
½ţ
ޥ۾ģһθ½ңҲǵһ۾Ϳ룬ˣԸ⡣
½зЦ⣬ȥס

ĸ֮ý֮ԣýƸáûбǸˡ
ʵֿ뽫§ø¡ֻѾͷǶͷܹ½˻ĶϲԲǰʲô
½ֻҪȾƣӱʲôʱѡģĦϸ󾱣Ҹ㽲ʫ

ޥϽ巢ȵĹָоæ콲ôֻһԹĸ˰
ֻԱȶѡ½ЦŸʵʫԼܵʶ;˳ʫʫ˶Աȸˣֽ˽һɾ

ʫ˵ƽʱĿޥٶˣԭˡ
½ʫʱֶѣѵõ䣬ǿ鹦ס֪õĺε䣬˽ʫ˵ƽʷ£Ѷ˵ʲô
ޥЩҪܿ

û˵ˡ½̫̫࣬ɢ̫ˡ
ޥй
½ԴɵӣĵطҡϹҸСѾͷʲôá
ޥеΪ飺ⶼѧѧˣ㣬ᷳ

ǰ˼ңѧʱѧĶˡǸСѾͷҲ߰Ͼѧˡ
ޥҪˣȴͷʼѧˡ
ΪʲôأΪ뵱һϸ½ٷˣһ½ӡ

½òС
ôأѧʵ£ַԶ÷
ҲҪѹСʱ򣬿һҪףⱳҪ⡣ĸֻÿһףǲѹ

û㿼ţ״Ԫֻʫ֣ʵ屦ѧˣԼġǺöŶϣѧѧˣٳɣҲɡ
Ļϲ
˵ˣշء

飬ݸɨҲ˵̬쥣һ֦÷
½ӳ΢ֻʱůȪ
˵Ҫһףڱ㽲
ǣʱ






65.   65    

65 

Ȼ½˵, ˼գΡȻҲûбϢľ֮Զ, ۱Եˡ
ֻ½ҵϵĿⷿֻ֪ĵؽѾװʳ
Ǿ仰, Աһ

ǸһȻˡ
ŵԵʣϢϢʮղȺ󴫵˽ݡ
ͬϭ, ָ˳òףʮӼλȱͳ, ܾ̩ţָǡ

ں, ɽúǸ, ǵճӡӣڱع, Ȼ㣬һͬĻСϢıѾ, ĸʾ֧е˭˭߱ĸʡĹԱͶ˭˭˭
һӰը, ȥһӴڸˡ
ⲻǽһԴ̵Ŀ־߲һ, ɢԵɢ

½նúȻöԴͷö
һˣ½ʣʱƽƽۣ
½δ
ƽ, ˵ףʵǴ¡浽Ҫƽֵĵز˵Ѿ⵽һ̶ȣ˵عԱҪ»Ӱ쿼Ӱ;

½Ŀˮ㵽˿Ҫʵ۵ĳ̶ˣԱĵľȻԼĿ;
˳ʮʵۣҲйʢֻϻԵܳ淢ңۼһһذܻ

Ǿô۱𣿡кŭ⣬ѰռжǮöȶãת۾Ͷ׵СۼžҪˣôߣ̱Ҫڻ棬ʳıȡֻѰռҡ

½ͷʹڸѾ˺üˡ̫Ѩո̨Ѿ˻ƼҺҵļҳǱشǿǣͷƽۡ
ǣ½ЦͷǼ۵Ĳ𣿡
½Ҳ̾˿Ȼǡҵֻٶѣѹȵطϵĺ壬ûܡ

½ȻΪ½ຼҲǺ塣
ޥʱüͷţ÷ʱҲƽʱ١
ԭʳ޲ģޥûסʣΪ۵𣿡
½šһ

ޥ̾û취ءҲ˵ŲšҶһġ
ϴӲȱ½Բ£磬Ҫˣ˳ɺãǸꡣȫǵطϵĺǿ̧ۡ
ޥǴҿ𣿡

½ѰգֶʶһȼʶҼЩΣɢԵģٲ˻ƼҵˡһȻ̣ȥֻɺݸ˸ʾҲʹۡﳤȥ˵ǲƫоҥԡ

ޥʱ½е㲻ôӵˡȻʱȥ˽мʳƥǵļ۸˽ף˽Щȵİա
ϾһĹӡ

ǿ϶ġٸĻ˭šޥݣݲʲôʾˣǰٻҵ˵Ҷŵġ
½ǳԾʣѾ̶ֳ𣿻ֻˣ
֪ΰܻٸڰнʧȥãֻ֪Ѿص̶ֳȡ
϶˵İԵİٻҲġ֪ðٻʲô˲Ĺ٣ﶼ֪һأٻ졯ޥͷֵٳԵ㰡

Բ¡½ֻҡͷԡ
һѧһΪǾùһλӢʢ̫ƽֻǰʵ̣ʵ̫󣬽˵֮С
ޥҪǶ˿ϳ˵ͺˡ

½̧ۡ
ޥ̾˳˵ҿ϶ġ
½ӵ̨֪ͬйĸǶˡٸĸʾǶ׫дģҲ˿
ǲһء˵ǻûٵĶˡûٵĶˣھӣݣѣĿˡԼˣԼ˵Ȼޥǵ˹٣ϹٷɾֻŹٸ˵Ϲ˭˭ǹ

˵꣬Ȱ½½վޥһţˣ
½üͷչˣŹ⣬Ц⣺ޥ˵Ķԣ
ޥգգۡ
½Ƕ˳˵ʱˡʱ򣬻Ժɵ飬ұʵͽ̵

νžҪߣתᱧһޥҪ̸ˣЪš
ޣޥæϽȥ
½һЦȥˡ

žʱģÿޥ룬Ʋ۾ء
еѾͷǶЦȻΪʲ½һôƽʱ䣬ѾͷţﾹȻˡ
ֻޥڸӡ÷㶼ˡ䡢֬СĲƽʱҲź򣬹ʲڷСޥֻȹһ£ˣȴ룬ղô£ûӦ½ôͻȻˣ

ڶ磬ޥŴϷҵӭüѹסļϲֻǿš
ޥ֣ôˣ
ҵţֻ˵Ȼݡ

ĥϵѾͦˣ״¼Ҵ˻Ǹ½ҵǲһġ
ޥͲ׷ʣطȥˡңӡ÷㶼ûֻ߽ˣҵĲǿѹϷǮˡ
ޡԡޥͷǿ˷˽쵽Ϸȥˡ

½ʱܼ£ֻҼ֡¶йأƽ½Ҳ¹ʣҲʹˣˣճ±ڴһ档
ǰ½˵޴Ѿͷǰ½׵޴Ѿͷһ
ЩѾͷǶҲ֪Ժܲô

ҵŬѹס½ҵѾͷЦѹס
ʮе˵һʮǮ
ޥһ𵹳˿

ޥǰڼһ²żǮ㻨ǮҲûʱ٣ʱ٣ȫ·ûǲãɻս
ͻȻ֮䣬һʮˣ
Ҫ֪ǰһʯ׶ģ

߲룬ˣˣ֪⻹ûꡣ
ҵļһʮ˵һĶĶˮӣֱӸﰴмǮˡһ͹ˡ
һû³ȥִһڣסޥֱۣ
ĸ˰ޥѹҲŲһѣҹҼױѹǲ򲻵ײģ

ޥȴ򶨵öˡҲЩϷ౨ˣܹ࣬ǮġĸѾʹǰ¼ʱһˡ
ܹǮǺ¡üЦǺúš

Ķˮ£֮ǰ·رˣ϶ġֻ֪ӻ᲻ᰴʱ㡣ҾãˣŪǣҲ𼱳סȥ
·˵˼½ôҪ½ͻҪ˵£ŵȾˣȥ
·ǣˡ

ҵȴû˵ء
ֵԺѾͷӵöҲһˣˣǷ
˶٣Һߣһһ

ߵȾˡ
ҵϵˣһ־ͼססס
ҵһӶûôǮޥϷ֮ǰѾһˡ

ޥʣԺЩˣҵĺһȣһһӣӡ÷öȣһǮƺȣһİǮ֬СֻǴӵģĩȣһҲǮͬޥǰڼʱ㻨Ǯһˡ

жҵûûˣ˵ͷ֬Ǯ
ޥѾͷ¶ȵ֬ˮۣϵѾ͹ˡޥȫǡױҵġ
ͷ֬Ǯûɶãǰ׵õġҪÿ¶УһʮǮˡ

ޥ̾ǰ·ΪǮ龫ǣҹ˼͵͵޹üء
֪޵½ңǮҪĵһ¡
ޥ½˵֮Ǯϲί






66.   66    

66 

ȻԺӵöȶ͹, ޥȻҲţټˡ߸ҷǮ
ǮӵȻһֵӡ֬ССͣһ¶õٸǮءҪ֪Ѱռһ²ŻǮ϶Ц
Ǹλ, ޥߵԺԺҲðԺˡЩ
ߴӦˡ

½ЩӣޥȥϷ, Ҳȴǰ˲ټʶճ˸÷֪Ҷ衢ΪĿ, ߾ҲԼĿꡪԺҲĹ¸ˣ
˿ղ, ¼ˡ

Ǹޥͬʶ֣Ǹǿ, Ͳˣʶе̫ࡣ
һ¼, һ̲ס䣺ǰҲǮ𣿡
ء, ɩǣһҲѡһֻ½ңĸء
ߺٺٺЦǹ޵úã

, Ǽ޵úõĹȴھﺰߡߡ
˱ʸϽȥûвֽˣ
ǡޥͰϣأҾ˵öӲ̫ԡ
æȥȡõĶ

Ӻ÷֪, ȥϷ˵һ
ޥǲǲȥϷ밲ˣ
÷ء
Ů˼µʱΪࡱ׳ײˣбܼɡ

ޥûô, ɩҲãûʹģǰ, 󷽱֮⣬ҲǸøʲôʲôֻؼҽޥ֮ͬؼݸݸҧ£ݸݸ˵ܼɡ
Ȼ½Ҳģȥ

˭֪ӻ边һˡ
ණǸٷ˲ӵġ
ޥ⣬ֻޥģʲôʹͳͳûСѪñˣ©Ūȹӡ
⼸ˡԹ

˭ء谲ο˵ʱһ͸ʹ޲òءֻŮ˼ңүǲ˳أҪҲֻ
ޥһЦѪŵòЦˡ

Ϣȴҵĺ߻˶μȥ˵
صϷ½̾˵Ǹ裬ʲôġǰǵ軧ȥ˲׼̫̫Ůڿ죬ֺãԺܵ£Ÿٷֶʶġ

½ȥޥģûʲôڴˣ˵ǵؽ磬ѾˡĸױģҲȥҸʶĶ֣լԺصĸȥĸˣҲͶȥȻҪôȥ

ѾͷЩʶ֡ҽķӶˡʹˣٷ˴ǰҲδˮˡֻӺãûʹҹˡ
½ޥɫľ۾¶΢Цֻ£½˵öԡ
½½

軹߶߾ˡһʶֵũһѾͷһ䡭䣬Ҳ˵ˡ
½˸СѾͷ

ٷ˵ˣù밲Ժӷַ£Ժ˵ˡ
أΪΪײɷʱ͸÷ַ˯
ͨʱõģŮиͷʹȲʱ򣬶Ůźˡ

ֻ½Լа취̫̫ߵ˸ˣ̫̫ܺˡ
ֻ۵ְ׳һͷ߶
½ǹ𣺡̫ܺŲ£ı£һҲ޷С»飬ԭ۹ϼ꣬ұ˵ʲôңҡ

½˱һһ˵˵Ȼֹסˡ
迴ȥˣ
ʼ̫ãī֭εֽϣ䦿һƬһ
½Ƭ̣ԭˡ


½̧ۣǵҸٶ̫ŵҷһ𣿡
ۻ䣬ʮǰˡ
ٶرˣһȦתؿңһЦ½ʣǵ𣿡

ȻŶǴΰ
ǵأ򷴳³ӡ̡һֱɹü죬ҡΪʲôЦЦǺ⡯ֻʱңȫû֪

½˵Ҿ֪һЦк壬ֻ벻˽סڸҡ¹ư
һ漴ף¹ơһˡ
ôʡʵʱϷ˱ٶ½˵ǸЦֻ˵ʱ½˰ڴϣ¶Ȼ顣

һЦʵëȻֻʱûЦĹ졣½˵ҽˣҡҲսΪŮӵĸ

ߣ°磬Ҳ˵š
Ҳϱ
Ҳöֻ׽
ңһգΪҡ

̫Ц񡢿⡣Цø꺢ӵ½ëȻɹ˺Щ졣
ҵհοĵظӣʹûһЩ֮һֱѻ˸Ƶġ

ĬãЦ
Ϊ˭ٳ飬ܲһ˳ΪʲôˣԼѡġ
½Ҳ˱ʣǾͽҡƫ

ޥˣ˯˸ֻʵʵ￴顣
Ҳѧ˫½ˡûµʱӴ˫½Ҳʮ֡֬Ҳޥõĸԣʮֿġ
Ѿͷ棬Ҳ͵Ӯһ֣ȥ÷档ڲ跿ﶢ¯ӡ
ĲƷ˼ӣֺúһͨޥ˯ʱѾͷѾ̲ˮˡ

ޥȵˮѾǰ½Ȼˡ
ޥףˣ
½Դ
ޥû˸⼸ķԼ

˵ˣûҪ½ˣ
ޥûκ̸۹µ£ߣ
½֣ʩʩȻת£ԭ컯Գɡ˳֮ߣ޲˵
ޥգ

½ϸɫ󣬿иʹ
ޥĿô֪
½زˣԺѾͷʹɷ׵ġ
ޥ̾һߣҲиʹѾͷǶãСǵ¼ңҲҪޥˮԼˮ㲻ɱ⣬ޥźŰġ
ޥԼӲʹȴ֪ʹʲô

Ҳʹģûʹء
½һҷ齼ϣޥߣ
ޥȥ
½СȸԼϥͷסףСڲ׼ѰһĴָذȥ

ޥ˻һᣡ
ǵطһ飬ǸѨλ
½ξ̫ƢĵطѨѪŮ档

һ˵ţһ߸ޥఴѨλ赼Ѫ
ޥᣬôʲô
½дˡ
ޥʲô黹дŮ
½Ƶھʡ
ҽ˰ɡޥզ࣬ôҽ飿

ʵ˿ҽʵڳҽԹŲּҡҽҲ
ֻ½𣬲شƫ˵ΪŽŮȻҪúϰӵ塣

£ǸҲ˵߳°
οһ˵ʱ۽ǴŷǻЦޥֻȣŵתƻ⡣
ֻѾͷһ½㶼ȥˣֻˣһʱҲ֪˵ʲôιȥźáֻŵϵĽңʣʲô
ȥӲӲģġ
½˵ӡ
ޥ






67.   67    δ

67

ӡ
ޥ
½ʣ췢Ǯɣʮ
ޥֹ, ˮӣжͷ֬Ǯ

½ЦǮֻʮ, Ƕĸġ
ޥһ
½֪Ҫ˵ʲôȵĸ㣬űǡ

Ȼ˵, ޥұˡô¡
½ЦԼպ, ػãܸ˽Ǯʮ, ĸԺÿ£ٸʮ, Ҳ趯ǮҪǡ

ô, ˡ»أ
ޥЦ۾ô᲻ĻǮ
Ȼûʲô, ԺС½Ժύһѣ⽻, ճӦ꣬Ҫĵط
һ¶ʮʵǰ붼, ޥҲһǮ
½̲סЦãԺҪʲô, ˵Ҹһ

ޥ̲סʣһǶǮ
½ǰһ, ҲʮҹԺ֮Ժʮ䣬¿ֱӴԺ˷֧ӡ
ʵ֮ǰʲôҪƩһֻҪ½˵һɡ
½ĶӣʵڻǮϣû޵ġ
ֻԼֱӿԴԺ֧ӣױȸĸҪǮҪڡ˹֮󣬲ܼﻹ棬ʼͬ½ΪˣȻʱֻʮġ

ޥرĽһ㣬ֱǰﻹСءԺأҾǴˡĸ׾͵Ǵˣ¡¶ϸ˵ء
½Ҳ˵˵˸
ޥ

½ңȥ˸ףһȥԺĴɽһȥ˸üԸ̨Ը̨ͬˣԺͬһ磬ʱǱǣȥ
ޥȣǣѵ
ء½

Ժѧ䲻һвʮģҲʮڿġǲ䣬Ƕˡ
ϰնԶȻоη
ԺʦɢУ¥̸̣ۣ˵עȻ󽫡ϴȱգһꡱһ̣Ҳֻڽս𲨼ϡǺĵ̧ۡȵϢûӡ˵ȥ߼ˣĪš

طΪ׬ȡоɢԣջ̿֡Ǳվյġ
˲ߣԸ̨ԺɽĳޡȻȻ֪½׵Ĳߣ½δˣ˲ЧȻ½ͷϡ
Ǹһ塣

ޥе˷е㵣ģܹ𣿡
ܡ½ƶ˵
ޥʣô֪
½ఴѨλھ¥Χʡ𣿡˵'Ƕ¶ظģŵġֻҪˣһ˻ȥ˵һˣһ˵ˣ˵ˡˣһֱ㡭

˵ţһ̧ۣȴޥܽأҧŴЦ۾κ궼ڻ⡣
½˺üϢЦʲô㿴ң
½ԡޥֻЦҺϲ˵ӡ

ӿҪˣʱܶ£ʱֺСӣѿڶδεԱĵĻ
õġҲĸǰἰ˵תϣĸ
ֻʱ˿̣ĲһȪע˵ļ䡣
½ֻĵİӿ

ŶһۣϵĶȴŻˡͣ£ֻޥϸĽףķȡ̧ۣɵѾͷɵЦſ
첻֪Լɱ
½һ²ޥһ˵ôҲҪ𣿡

½ȷȥվ˷°ϱѹ壬˹˵ճѾͷǸ㰴һ̰Ӻµġ
ޥС
Ϊµ¶Ѿ൱ɽˡӣʼȾˮģߵģر
½üû
ޥĵص֪趼˵һ

ǾСѾͷ½
̫ƻˡޥԼ±Ըˡȥڼ·Ҳǯô½Ҳʦͨء
ޥø

½ʮֽ°ڣúЪţһȥˡ
͡ޥһ̧ƨɣʱӿ
ޥȥǵҲˡ
ıʧͳѵʵʵ½üʵЪŰɡ
ˡ

ˣѾͷǱ
ޥƴֵض˵պá˵ţ齼ϵĽҽ
ʲô棿ôӣ
ġޥ˵Ժÿ¶ʮ˵Ҫ
ĻŭţǺá

ޥȴ֧Ÿ첲°ͣ룬ղ˵ϲأȻô쾹ʵˡ
ѵΪǵģôིߡ
Ǻϲü۵ʹţỺظµӰ
ˣرء

½߳ޥԺӣ߽԰ȴûлȥɽ̤۵Сߵˮߵһ
ȡֶϦµĺ
ءƽ۵ԽԽˡ
ؽ磬ûдﶬϾͶڡ

ȻȥӸ˵ᡣ
ˮϦ²ԣŽɫɷǺÿˮϴķ΢ҲȽء
˵ʫˡ
ƽۿɫһһڵˣỹˣȥȡ˵ӹӰɡ
ӵȥɡ

ƽ۱ƲС԰ɽȥ
ͷһۣվˮߣ°һ
ûκ׵һྻΡ

˵ж󣬺ܿͼʶˡ
ڶգڸＸҴſڶص۱رŶӵ׵һ롣
ٽգſڱ㲻ɶˡ˷ӵȻάֲסصԭеļ۸
һ淢ö˵öԡ

Ƽҡҵұغûһʵļƻ벻һоˣɺ޵
ȥ˲֪Ʋԭ½й֮½½ԡǸʮϹԺԵ꣬Ҳʮߡ
ɸ̾ǰˣתͷԼҶɣԺЩ£ǼɵӾ֪֪һ𣿡

ƼҡҵȼԺĹίϰǺҵȥæ¼żҵȥˣ˲ȥ¡רǵġ
˵˽´ˣ½Գ⣬ǵɽ
˲̾һ䣬ຼ½ң㡣
Լҵӵǣ½Ծ֮á㲻ܽãҲҪ񡣡

ֹ˼գµϢ㼯˽а˾ŸСŸȥ
ţˣ½·Ҳˡͽϰݵûκʳ˵ȥ

˳Ȼաֻ˰ˣҲûϹ͢Ϸʡͣ˸͢Ĺ
Ϸдڵʳ˵ȥ·ˣʳѹڲֿǶڻļƻƲϰ۷ˡ
ֻ԰˵ǺϢ
Ȼϱͨжˣ֪սӹ̤ʵ࣬ʼֵǽ¡

ޥʮֵǣҸҲ֪˳ȥûС
½ʱ䣬ˮ½ھǺġӦµġ
ޥϣˡ
ʣ𣿡

½Թ漰λ֮ûвѪġ
ޥֵ̾ú̸̸𣿡
˭ϣء½θܲʬλز̸ͣͨн¡ֻɣٵۿλָͣ˭Ǹλأ

ռֵͷѪʼֵ£ޥˡ
ֻ̲סʣ˭ᵱʵۣ
Ҿ˭á½ҾţǸˡ
ֻһ£ޥĸֻδˡ






68.   68    

68 

˵, ¼ֵܵĴǰߣ첻֪ʼѮȵػصɽ, Ȼϱ߲ŷ˺
ֵֻ˼ϸһǰյĽšһҳУһߴѯʡ
ɽȻǴϢ, ֻ֪ڽء߸мֵ֧֣и֮

ɽؽ, ǱԼĵˡʶĳУصγİٻ
¼˼ֵ, һǻزˡ
°/ɣޣôô

һʲ֪ԭǰͷ, ˮ·ˡϢ߾䴫ø죬·, °ٻõϢ
һʱࡣ
ֵʣ£ûɣ
ʣ˳ûӰɣżҴΣ½ԴΣĸˣ

߰ģ·һӣ
Ҷˡ
·˵˵, Ǳˣ
ǶǺȿˮϴһ¡мж

ȷʵҲˡ·˱ȸԻطϴָж
ǿţһĶж, զࡣһֱ˵ô࣡
֪½ΣЩ, İ֡

ʰˣһס
ǻطٻѾϴɾ, һˬϱüۺ°ٻֻװû, ֻЦһ䣺СǣＱ
˵

°ذѽݵһһ
·һ˳ϢڻݵģܼˣôôùأһҲð
°æʱѾˡ
·Է
زϲʽǷɹ涨ĳҪɲϷΪ˷ޡ

½ʵںġ°ذ񵥵ݹȥ
ȻղѾʵ¼ҷӻǴһϸ°ٻʶ֣·
˶զࡣ

·ĵĻ½ˡ
ʣſΪ
°ɶԿһۣͬ˵ؿ˿ɿء
ޥ⼸գһ׮׮һ¶˴ҡ
šޥǮ͸Ҳޥأֻ˼˼׮׮˳ġ
·˶е㲻ţôôءƵġ
ֵ棡治ˣ

°صǴʱ½˵ǸúӣǱġ½رǰ⻰˵ء
·˺ؾˣãǾͺáãԺ
ҷ׷װο

ֵϱǰޥСó·˿֤˵Ļ
Ǹղһطȸϱױ㻨µСӣȷݼšⲻǻõģţԺǡ

ϱǶӺɰͳſ·ֿЦ⻨ʡ
ǣҪǣôɩǡɵɴأһǮӣġѽûţҪȥ½֪˼Ҷ฻

°ֵСӣ½Ҹĳһϻء·ϲſ֪Ͳˡ
·ҲСɩǵ⡣һ
ɩӶУɼеĽŻûŵδӢ

˵˵ЦЦ֪֮ޥڽݹĲһ㶼
ֵ𱱱ߵ£°ٻһүҲֲ壬ȵôӡ
ֻǧ˵ˣôи׼˵㲻ãҪɽʦء

һʱնɢˡ
·ȴһ£½·˵ˡֻģﻹܲȥݣ
⣬ĵġ
°ٻοҲã˵ϱ߷ȫ
Ҳֻ룬΢οһ¡

·߶һкöû˵أԭŵʱȥ˵ġ
ֻ˵⻰ڣҲˡڷ£籩һ㣬Сܻܿ߸ı˵ġһలοһͨ·˲ܡ

½ҸĶȻ·š
óЩɷΪŸЩӣίˡ
˼־µСӣ˽¸СɼҪҲϣɩǿ಻ÿ⼸ȥӢ

ɼӣҲǴСţֱޥóû°أԸЩЩڨڨǿĵˣҸʱ䣬ĸδӢȥ
·ֵ½ණأۼҿԻβӢ°Щ
ɼֱЦĸء

·ֶ°˵꣬ؼҵݸݸӾǺˣ
ǧҵݸݸҲ˿ҪͣǧھǺֻǸģطȥ껹Ӳݸݸȥ˾ǵĺƽ
ݸݸ֮ǰޥˡ
ޥ㱣ذʺܰܰ

ޥˣǰߣݸݸŴӾǺƽˡԼޥܰܰޥź׼ľز
زʣгԵ𣿡
·˵Уܾ÷ţǶԵˡ
ɣ

·̾ĶСҼϲģ䲻أҲǺؼұС⡣ԭţȾ¹ȥʱȥֻڿҲ֪ʲô
Ǵʱ֪šûеޥ
ʱദŮǣʧϵ

Ϣϴһһء
ںǧټٻˣɽʦǶóˣ
˻һüλٻˡ

ܳƽѾãЩΰܻзԿóԵ׺ݡ
˵ļγ׼ңϱϵ׵ٻ檣Ҳ檣Ҳ࣬һӳԺԿñ㲻ԵúЩ
ƽϹټģЩٻǻ˳䳡档

ϹѲһȦٻͬһͷܼźüءﻹŰٻֳٻˡ
ֻϹҲТܹȥ㶼һֻ۱һֻˡ

˭벻ͻȻҪ浶ʵǹóȥѰ˶
ɢˣٻקס°ٻ£ң
γεҶʮˡ
ٻȻͷöٶ༸𣿡

γ̾˿ֻתͷȥٻҲתͷ
ȻγϣγİæĲֹٻһγǳĵС̫Կã˶ࡣ׼Ҳˣ̰Ҳȱˣ

γص·ˣʮˣˡ
һӣͳȥʮˡ
һٻٻԼʮСϴͷԱ˲һһʮˡ
γʮ˵Ŀãʵһˣȥʮаʮˡ
ʮ棬меģǹģҲʮҡ

·˺Ǿ££ֻذɸȥɼ¡
һжӵģҪսһԷһ
γҸʮ˰ɡ
·˵뱤أǱ߲ΣգǹۣЩˣұˡ

ȫ涯Աû˼Ѿ˱˭ԸԼˡȥأûв˵ѽ
ΪѲ˵ˡֻһʣһ׼ЬӣƸĥĥǹ
ӵģæз£Ŭ棬ﻹ

°Щ˷ܣӵ˵󹦣ھأ
ֻϡ϶ĲҪھֻƽ
СŬסɻûӣ»˵ûˣļޡ
ϱˣޣҸӸϽģ






69.   69    뾩

69

¼Ҽҵױ, úøڵϡ⼸Ȼƽ·Щɽˡ̹ġЩΪ, ܳһһƤס
ǳ͢ϸ֮һ˼еǹûʲôѳһļУʲô˵, ֱӾı
ֻսϣ˽еǹ, м׵˶޼׵ˣϺ߾ӡ
ֻȾ˼, ˳ӵмУϻܹˡ

°ٻ, 곤ĶӺͼʮˣ˾ļС, ȥǧӼ, 㿪Σǧ㼯ƺƵɽ, ʦȥˡ
ٻɼʵ·˵ˡ

ǿ, һƬ˺ֱٿǵӰתȥ
ϱеСɧ·˸ɷ򡢶ȥ̣, յȥôˣ룬ĸ۵ʱ£ͳ˵ӡ

رѸѸŴ, ͵˼ԺɹĸɲˣиǴסһʹ򡣡
·һ£ֻŶһ
صԻ˵ȥѸЩʳ
ϴ󲻸ˡ·̾һʹˣɫˣӲùˡ

ѸǸӣ˼һ붼˯Ǻ
γǳһߣѸܾҪϴûˡ
ҲʮѸƣС/˲Ÿɾ
·ֻ˵ȴ֡

Ҳֻ׼Щ棬бˣԼԳҹɫĵȥţѸǰ
Ѹսиǰһٴ򣬱׵أһŷ죬ȿ˻輱ڰѻҴܵıӰͷֿϵ档
ʡųԣһӵˡ

ֹЩʱգϢΪ׵ʦˣɾǡ
̫ԭگ˱ƽ˾ɽ˾϶˾˾ʦگȻǷȫʡԼҲ֪گϹ˽򱱷ɽ֪ܴܲɽɽѾȫȻ˴С˳ִͺöԶЩָģҲǱƽ˾ɽ˾ˡ

Ȼ˾ͺ϶˾ţƽ˾ִﾩʦɽ˾Ѿ·ϡ
ֻɽڵִﾩʦʱȴѾҪִСʦˡ
ΪѾʱˡ

¹վ޸޻֮ˣܵĻ¹Ҳʱһ¹һ¹ǲġʵ׾⡣ʵŻ¹٣ʵ۰ȫ׾ֻϽ¹١
Ժʵ׾еһֻԺ̫ʢŸס׾
ڴţ󣬶ϰ뵽ᶽԺµݣʵȫ׾

ڲǰ£һǿĻʵۣܸ¹ǿȨһ¹ЮֵСʵۣܸҵĲһ
ʦǴ򿪵ģӭ뾩

ֱ˽УҪƹ
ȴѾˡ
ţնɱңһҵͷһǣСʵ۵̫͵ӭ

ԻͺĴϼˣʱʱһ˭ۡһһƬ̶Ľβ
ţ΢΢еͷǰһ˦ͷһ¡һ·Ѫ
üŵú˼

ţûпǣֻСʵ˵ֳǣȥɡ
Сʵ۲꣬ǸʲôޡסУѹָ־塣
ֻʶţҡֻѾһڵϹֻţĻСͶܵ游ֳǡ

ߵλãſһֱؿڵС֣½ͳһ˴Ľשϡ
Ƕݵ˶ʶ
һʱϺˡֻżƬĽβ̼ˡ

˺ʣţǺ⣿
ţȵ۴УЮʮҴλѽɱͷڴˣүǲա
СʵСѾܻصߣе㺦µرסȡţͷһ̧ۣүϡʿȻʮ֪²λԸλǴλүǻպáѾλϣˣɹֲۼҡ


֮Уڵţˡ
ţͷ¡
λ˵ʮӱʮӻСȽͻ޹

ӻǰߣʿ˸Ħһ󣬱ʿܼȺóһ·
ֻ˺ȵţͷǮҫڣ

Ȩ¾ˣ˻һǡ
һǿɵְ˻ָıᶽԺţ
˻УӭںΪնɱɽΪնɱھ˳ʱΪҵɱҽΪţɱݵİ˻ֻʣͷǮҫˡ

ţĵص֪˰ɡ
˺ȵţΪԺβһ
ţͣ˽ŲתĿͶȥ˵ĸҲһ
ţһΪ˳ɱ̫ˣĸ϶а/λ֮ࡣֹֹСҹ䣬Ǹˣ󱳷

˻Ϊû˸
ҷ֮ᶽԺ¡
ֻһ˵
ѡһλ˵

׳ˣʱΪһ޸֮˵㡣ȸû˸ҷ
Ȼ룬ʱ㼯ţǧ·ʵҲ㲻ʲôҲ׾Ҳֻ룬ûһ˸ָţһߣ
ţ㱧ŻеʮӣʩʩȻ߳˴

ıӰ鲻Խ룺ΪۣҪЧң
ȺУԟRĻʼһֱĿתضţ
ܵ𺳣еκˣ

С˵Ҫţ󡣿ֱգʶţĿη
ӭܱ֮ȵġ
ǣվȨƶˣǼȨıˣܹԼֽϲƱõˣ
ݲˣȴʧ
ǣȨˡ

еǻǿűģܵȼʱ˿̣·
ߵ·עѪȾעʬۣ·ľͷɢȨķҷ
ˡ

֮аƬ̣˵УǰȥСı
عаһϺꡱǺһ֣
δţһǰ̤ϵף֣صؽ֮ȨĴ֮ϡת߸ߵվ̧˫֣°˰
˱Ͳڵ

վϵ
һվվλϡ
λܣϣҵȽˣԭΪ𢡣ʮ壬λõաҹѷӡȵ۴֮δһ׮׮һȼüΪճԴ岻ݴǣֻȵ֮𡣡

¸ϣٷǱ˾
ָʹձֹǷ񡣡
ǣ԰꣬ţʮܣһͬȥԭ򡣡

㶼ָʹϲ
ԥһ£׸¸Ϊף֣
ۿšڵף

ʵռźܴһˡ̫ްţºһֵ󣬵ճĻӾֻʣʹˡ
չ֮Ĵ㳤˽ʮꡣ
Գһճʵиɻ
ԟRͻŵǸֶӰ΢΢س˳ǣ¶һĨת˲ŵЦ






70.   70    

70

ͻȻô˾, ǰջ̻̣㶼űջշĽͻȻʮֻǱ˾ıʿ, һһӵذҰѲ顣
ʳǽУ̩ԸλˣûѪ, ձࡣ
Ǹţ˵, žͽˡ

ͲСˣ͸, վܲסǰڴ֮ϣЩǹȻˡ
ʿ˳ȥ, ӡĹԟR˶һ˳ȥֻʣλӺλϡǣͷ𣺡ʵôȥģ
಻֪

ԭ˳, ұگڸУ漴, ͬʮΪۡ
˲ӣҿɱ䣬ɱˡ˱ˡ
һǳ̶, ҵ˴ҴҽС˽Իңȴɡţ, ǵɡ
Ǻ;ӪڼԺĿ֮¡

ţжһǱ, һ
ʵԩĳֻ˳ݣ¹ȨǽͶ˻¹ǵС
߼򵥵˵, ţС
·ĳǵȷûа취ֻܽȻ

ֻ˵֮ǰδ˵кβʡ
˵ţϲҴһϽӡ
һ죬ռ˸ȻֹǷ񾹲˳°ϲ
ʣǷ񣬺֣
ϲûش𣬳¸˵ˣţ󡣡

ԭǵķţ˳˳һ·֮ͨϣΪţǽǣַǽǡ
ţ̫죬ϲҸӲԻһɣ۾ȥϸ硣ŭɫֻ֪̾ʶôţ
ֵţ֣ұˡ
һʴ

ţʮͻ޵̫̫澪֣סţǰ󣺡Ҹ׼ĸӿɻܻ𣿡
ţ󻺻ԼǴ̫ϸȴ÷෢׵ָ²ңҲֻǸū澡

̫ʮӣţԶȥıӰڵ
ʵĶ̶µʱ䣬һΡ
ʮг裬ʮӣҲŲʮ꣬ȴѾߵ˾ͷ

ţͻʮӣ۷·ıʿѹѹ棬µˡĹ㳡ҲԵñС˸űĹâɭɭأʹѹ֡
Ψţ䣬ʮƽ

ˣ˵ˣòʮͨޱ˻
ǻۣⲢǹٷƷرĴͷʵ͵Ķ衣
˳ϲңߵ˴»·Χհ˻һǣ㶼»㣬ţ롣
۵ģֻţһˡ˵ûȷ˳Ǽ俴ţġ

ţ߹ȥһ˵Ʊѹסǧˡ˶סĿһ·̤ϵݡ
ѹѹȺУҲС
˳һһתͷСһֱţıӰ촽΢૵˵ʲô
˳첲ⶥһ£߶ʲôأ
С۾ź̨ţӰ·Ư
Ŀȵأһ죬ҲҪϣ

ҲˣǸĽͷǡ
ţߵĿ׷ںЩηĲɵĻĿ⣬ֻҪʱ򣬻Ǹܵһ̫һĿ⡣
ڷ
˵Ѻԡ

ţתͷȥ
ĿԽ˼òǻʼ˵ӵܣ䵽һ˵
һվһӵòӢΰĿϬһʮӢˡ
ţֻһۣ֪Ǹˡ

ֻΪͬ࣬ͬϢһ֪
ĿԱߵ˶ͬĿҲ̣ȲҰģҲ𾴡
һ󱲡
ţЦЦ˴

ʧѹʧ˾㶼΢ɲ˿
ԟRӴԵˣղţǲǶЦˣ
ԟR΢΢˺Щѹʣղţڿӻڿ

ڿҡ
˵ڿ㡣
ԟR³һ¶־Ц⡣

ĴǶˡţȥкţ
ӰڷŵҲģǰڵţǰڳһԲ
ȻλãһſӸţֱֱ

ţ£еăȫȥصĴҪ˺ϣڸĴ˻졣
гϡţ֮⣬ֻرˡӺΧɵȦ֮⣬аĵʣбīֽ⡣
ʷ١
еĶԻ¼δΪʷ
ֻ¼ڴԼᱻ˿زڹ͢

ţһշģʣʵôȥģ
ţҪȵƻԴŮңоŮı´˱¡
ʮƽֻ˵꣬һž
ʷԼѪͻͻֶţīֽ֭ϣּ

ţڻڹΡŮʱ߸ʱһһţҲ
鶼ľʵǾ˳۵𺳣ʲôʲôŮǵעˡ
ְλʮ꣬׶ǶµҪ󣬾ʹŮ

ԼĴȣһûһµأ˵ԭΪض
¶ԣ˶һһ˿ǻʰ
ʵ˳۶̫࣬ǲǵ⼸Тӻһء

ǽڰţȴֱӴТǵĿɥ£Ե¶ŷţֻһ
µۡ

ְ
ʷٵıʱ̧ͣ۹¼ʷ֮ʱʱ龰̬Ҫ
ɫţ˵ǡȥ޴˭λһ顣ţ

ЦʣΪ˭
࿪ڣǣ˵˵ֵһλ
û˵ֻĿͶţ

ʹĿ⾼֪ţ֧Ҫţ֧Լġֻ䣬ȴʮֵĮ
ţȴµۣȻи󲿡
ʵ̧ˡū澡°ڣӼͣǳ͢ӡȴ£ʸš

ţվţӣֻһ֮ȥԺְλֻµ۵ǻ
ֳҾһȦˡ
һתȥˡ

Ȼ˵Ķԣ£ȫڸȨȨƱǿرƹз䣬ڸôѡ
ţƻɽֱ˦ˡ
ֻ˸Ѫͷ

ڸԱʱˣ¾˳ʱɱȥȻˡ
ֻĿͶʱλ϶ͷ϶ðϸܵĺ顣
¸տ˵´ڸҲܶϣһɡ

ͬˡֻҲֻ˶ѡŻϼء
±飬һ·̫͵ǰ㳡ϴ߽ģʱĵ¶ʪˡ˵˿ûвµϲãֻ񶾵ԣʺ˸ǵʮ˴ȡ
Լҵˣɱ






71.   71    

71

ԳƵճ, Ϊϸáеգеճճ
ֱĵաǾ˳۳ӣ̫Ӳǡǻŵĵճ곤ġҪ˵, ʵб͸ӣֻΪĸλݲߣֻ˿, Сˣ˴ξҲֻ, ûиҲ

Ҫô㣬ʹǵճ, һһġ
ˣԭúŪ, ˡΪͣΪ, ǽܵɡ

˸İۡȷ̫, ű֡
Ҫ֪뾩֮ǰɻúɫȾ, ͷȾء

Ц㣬÷Ϊ, گȶûУ˵ǿ㡣ߵ֮Ϊعʮ, գֻ¶λﱧ˵ģ붼벻λΪ

˾ŸС, ˶Ҫֶ֮ѪԵֵܣأ㳳һšеĻԹ㶯ִ
ȻҪĳǱ̬
ȻرΧţ㲻ûԴĳǱƨ̬

󣬻ǳ¸ϵ󳯻ɣɰٹٹ顣
ɱ߸Ͽɣɱɣܲٹٶɱ˰ɡ
£ǲԽ࣬ҶԽȫ

鶨պٿ󳯻ᡣ
˳֮Ѿԣ±ܴ˹Ůֽƻ˾˳۵ĵʿն
ҲֱڻʳиԾһʱš
һֲ˸е̤ʵġƽֻľһһػصسھǵĽֵС

Ŵ׳Ӿۼĵطܹ鲻̫ƽġ
űˣǮˣŮ˱̣ˣԱ⡣տȥٸԩ˳츮һͷѲʷʱ򶼲ҳţ
Ǳ˾ǳΰƽʱԸǵСɲִľııǱˣʮ׺ԶԣıºЩǸӰûбôߴࡣһϷǻƵģžûôˡ

ʱ˹ܾļԺĽ·ƺˡﰴʱȥſڱȥ˱һ춼ֱɢֵӼԺĺԺǽУĺ
ԭԺ£ˣѹֻУѵó¡

ԺǴǰĻʳ˾ֻģֻ켩͢ȣʵ۵̡ǷҲֹ
ͬǰʳ˾ĻйžΰǱ˾ܵǱ˾ϺͼԺͳȻǵ˶֪Ǳ˾ſڵָӣֻţĻ
˳ĩ꣬¹ȨȨʵڳ̫ǵöУţȵأѾǵһаץûһԱߡ

Ժϱ˾˾ԾԲ죬Ϊ֪ģǺպı˾˾רʵ۵նڹԱһУ˵𣬲Ҷԡ

СȥԺſһۡ帮ԺУֻۡ˽ر֮⡣
С̾磬ǵ·ƯǵĻƯ
Ͼ
ūĽӺū

ƯĻţ󴩵ۡۺͻʵ۵ʮֻһצڷ㡢ţȴͷмߡһˣܴ۰ݣ˵۷塣
Сȭ˵ⱲӣҲҪһأ
վڽϣɭãתһġ

Ϊճֱ׳ռǬ幬ǻʵ۵޹ʮΪСҲû˵ƹʮӱ㵽ڻûаһֱ̫ںסš
ûʮŭռ˻ʺ޹
ջӶٺˣСҲ˵طǵĸסĵطĻ䡣

ֻڲֱ̫ͬ͵ǰ㳡˾ʣס˾
֪ˣһ
֪ˣȴ˵̾һܿడ

⻰һй¡ȥ
˴αϣˣֻǶǺԲڵھˣǰǣҲֻǲμӴǣʼǵĳ£Ҳ
ȥߵĻš

ȻĻ֪ġ
ԭʹԹĸΪʱĸǳͷһʱ
Сʱʵ걻˳۳谮ӡֻͷʺһ׹ҵͷĸͷϣĸ乬
֪ǻʺݺĸף嵽ǰ˴һ٣ʺǺģھ˳۶ߴ˴硣㱻ַ⵽ຮ֮أˣǵһλصǡ
ֻĸ乬գһg˳һһϣߵȴԶʮߡ

󳯻֮Լպ󣬶ǵڶվ;УȻΪ˸һ塣
ڵȴӣֵһӶӵıػأӡǵĹԱæµ÷·꣬ڻ߷ã

ر˳˹ǣֻڹЪһй裬䱦ʧ鶼һĴܱҲ֪˭Ҹɵġ
Ƕ⹬ǵԼģҲԸ·֮󣬱ÿֻ¶ٻ˾˳С

ڶǱ˾׽ܵͷǮҫ棬񾪾֮£Ͷˣ˻Է˳ľŴȨ£ֻţ
ٿ˴󳯻ᡣ
ϳһ࣬һ죬Ҳû

ûʲôʵ£æȥȥѯʡıɴǰҲֻһٻ֮Ӷѣ֪ضޡ
Ϣ㹻ȷжϡ
ԟRٿʣ춼û㣬ڸ
ʲôֻ֪ܵȥ¶֪һ㣬ܹкô²С
˵꣬ĬƬ̣ԣõ̫١п֮ˣ

ǣˡ
ԟR˾ǣ̱Ĳ˲ԲڵľӶѣϾҲ٣ܱ߹ۣ֮˵ˣͬʿŸһĶӣҲڹ١

֪;ͶԟRĻţͼݰȡ
ԟRϾֻһӣдŵˣôͶʱִ֮£˿ˡ
ͶܣšԟRжòС
̾һֺγ롣

ټ£ԟRһȥ
ԟR
ӡӡ߹ض˾ǣҲԴĸԟRֳ˱֪ԟRĸǸˡ

жǺϵĺһավԟR󣬲ǿͷֻš
ķ꣬ʹռ˸֣Ҳһ̰塪뾩磬⵽˺ȥĸףǾ˳һλʺλʺްź󣬾˳û
뾩뾩ҲǵĹϵӪԶںࡣھǵĸ

ƽţƲá
˵ĳʷĻǻڵҪ£ˡ˵˵˵ʲô뷨
ȻһϣҲòʲôʵϽİ취
ɣ˵˵ӡ

Ȼûʲôð취Σ޷ǽ鱸ŵ£
Ƿϻꤻˡ
ǲ⡣

һͷĺ
ԴǰǸ鿪ʼһֱܵùؼʱ̲ˣ˿ӣնɱӭس˷ͷĸ£ȥ
֮󣬸;ģȴ

ţ̲ס̧ȥԼǸĵܡ
ȴԟR΢΢ͷߵӢ̸˵
ĵܺŮͨԡӢߣ²Ǹɫ˵ģҪϣϲ̨
ţȻԟR۾һ¡






72.   72    ײ

72

ӿԟRҲ, 촽˶֤ʲôӢʮֿ϶ص˵ͷ
ԟRתͷʱоž⡣
Ӻ˲õԤС

ͷĻ˵, һ
̧ͷһһٷĹԽڶԵ, ϲǸĶӡղΪӵܶŭԻͣɣ

ԟR˵, Ƕߵˣڴ˹һ, ʹգ
ء˵ţ, ǰǬ幬ǻʵ޹ⶼǻʵõġʱ˿, Ҫ˭Щն, Ż˰׵ӽ쵶ӳˡ
ʵǲ̡

ʱˣôָܻĳĥĥ, Ǵλ֮ԟR, ʱ򣬸Ѫˡ
кؾ
Ӻȵɣݵú˵ǵճ֮ͳԻٴ壡

, ǳͣƤԳһճӲԼϰ˸ͳ, ռŴ塣
ԟR飬ֵܴɱ䣬ͳԺͳͳûˣʧȥ˴֡
˵ʱУʵʵǺ޲ýɱñǴλ·ֻЩ£룬ȴ˵߱߱߱֡ɱܡӵȵȡ

ԟRĻĵ׵ͷʹɫãһʱû˵վ˵ˡ
ϣԟRȴȻ¡
Ȼ
ԟṚǵճݣ̣ǱǿԹʹ˻ද˵ʹʧ˴壬ʹǣƣΣ

۾кμƣ
ԟRҾֹʹ˼ٰ籱ʿд̴භ֮
ԭźܴˣ¶ʧɫ
ĸĻ̾ĹӴ˼ãֻʵ̫ѡǵ˶Ϸˣ籱ˣرıʿִټ䣬ܡ

Ϸ͡ò뱱в죬ǿһ¶ȥ¶ڡƣ¶ЩȷĿԷʵֲĿꡣ
ʱ䣬׼ҲֻüޣͲ̫ˡ
ƲĻǲûֻпʵԣһǣˡʶԟR׵ԭһƣ㲻ʧ

ԟRȣ΢΢һЦƽ
һͳӦڣ
ѭȥ㿴һ̷ɫվ˳ϥأСƽμү

òӢҲ졣ԟRߣĻ䲻֪գҲ֪ԟRĸˡ
ֻԟRǶ֪ӢһֱԟRڳ衣
ֻʱϥأһַ󵶱һָſŵء崹ǰ㣬Ǽ米ȴһ֮С
ֲ̬ڳ֮

Ƕߵƽ飬ǱˣǡԟRŤͷ˵˵ţ
ƽ̧ͷС˼ɽ顣С˲ɽԣС˶ͨ
ţҲóȳߴ󣬵ȷǱ˵

Ƭ̣˵
ƽС˼ɽ顣С˲ɽԣС˶ͨ
ʲùٻ˵һȴˣÿ˵һΣ㻻һֿһλ˵꣬ѾֱԵĿˡ
ĻǶ˼ۡ

ƽֵСıʿ˵Ѿȫˡ
һ䣬ȫñ˵ġ
ھǣȥþˣ˵ٻζˡ

ԟRʱزһ䣺ƽնɱӭ֮ˡ
˻һ¶Ȼɫԭô
նɱӭԟR֮󹦡Ȼ֪ԟR԰εͱӭ±Ҳıʿײߡ

һλߣͲĵһһλֻҪ۹⣬ˣ߾Ϳˡ
ԟRܲô˲ߣе׸ȥ£ˡһϸλߡ
ܹɹִмȶıԣնɱӭˣһϸ˲š
£̫Ҫ˲ˡ

ıʿʣƽ½жİգ
ƽ̧ۡ
˫ۣҹСĵſɱ⣬ȴȻ̵ıʿ鲻Խ΢΢һ
Ĺߣʱˣ



գһ
֧ߡУ֧ڣռϷ硣ڸ߸ϣڴ֧һվ
ֻر꣬ʵ佫֧
ʱڣͬðٹٶֻڸϵĻʱѾӮˡ

ִУȴ̾һʹҲôˡֻڹ֮ʵҺʹܱȣҲҪؿ
ŭ
ͷ˵ʲôΪԼ˵ȴĹͰڳѹȴԲˡǿռϷ磬̲ˮ

ִԲӣ֪ܲڱʵְģ
ݣмǧ֮⣬ûԵıȨ֮ΪͺСȥ˱еڰ֣ǷθűĽ
ĥ³˷âΪɣΪеһԱ

²ѹͳ˧սȺ֮ʱ֮һ򾩳Ƿȥһʱӹ˱߾ӭ²
һ̴ü࣬ȴջӮˡ
ȨץУһֱԿ࣬ʱŵһᵽ֡

ԸȨͨҡھ˳۸ǰԣТأܷ뾩ʱ򣬾˵ȥ˱游
ȷ˵⹴˾˳۵һЩ䣬ҲԼʮ۰һӡ
˳ۺ̫࣬ҵ۰ıʮѵˡ

ʱ˳ߵĵʿǺƻԴĵʿǵʿѱͨ˳۽ʡҹ󣬱нλ˹֮ࡣ
ȻǽǲǵǣǾǳӣͲǻλɵˡȻá
˳۱ı߷

ֻʵְ֮ģҪľֻʵְϣ롰ݰ뿪
һĽ˧ԭ͸ΪҵģǷ£ƾʲôݼӷ֡

ȴô˵ֵֻܳܣ˭ʵְúΪʷǹأ
㱻ҭס
䲻֪ΪͻȻ˵޴˵ĵ˱ѡֹˡ

ڰ֣õġ
ҿ͵ɣˣλҲࡣҶȥ侲һ£顣վ̾üˣæųܣûüĸʵǲТλǸüҲɡһء

˳ˣҿ̡
߳ഺգȻַȥĻ뽫Լĸȴֲ
޻û
ֻա

Ȼį³˶ʮ㶼ټϻʵ۵ˣοЩӶȥ˷صǡ
´ĥǰк߻οһȺȥңԶ֮أҲ֮󣬻ǵĸǣĥ

ĵƳһۡ
УȻʹɫ






73.   73    

73

, Ҫĸ׳ֱ乬ա֪ǸТ֮ˡƽ˵Ҷĸػǰ乬, ֮ء
˵ǵһ

ˣСرһСܼǺ, Żȥƽ˵ݺ, Ǻ޶ꡣ֪ǰ乬䣬ǳֿ̱, ʹɿ˵乬ȥЦ
˵ǵڶ

˵, αװˣ
Ȼɱɱñһͷ, ޿ɱ磬ֻһߵ, ɴɱϴλ
ͳǱ, ƽѾãǱ߾֮СɽƵ

˵еĲ
ȫ˵, Уؼıǣ, һҪɸɾ
벻ܶκֵֻܶԵԳΪվȴ֡

궼˵, кǾƬ̣˵ĺãŵǡ
ʣղ˵ʲôţ
괹ףСˣƽ

Ŷƽվ˵ʣضԴָƣ
⼸Сûģȫʱ䶼̽Ϣ
ţϢʲô˴̽
ؼϢ˳۷ǡТǳֿ̱صǶһ˲˵ʮ˽⣬Ҳ˽/ŷ֣жܽᡣ

̧ۣźȵ֮ˡ
˳ʱȻа˻ݣ˻ȨƺպգְָͲźˡ˳ģǵĸɶӡǡ
˻Ժգӳ֮£Щ˱㲻ˡ

Ȼ䣬˳ˣ˻ˣЩ˱㲻ʧȥˣʧȥ̻ȻɥȮ
ȻǺѰֻ빬˼ȫµȴϣûǡЩȫˡ
ֱһԳƽ˳ǰ

ƽЩץסĸľ֪ʲô֪޲ԣ޲ƽûʵģҲ˵
˶öԱˡáֻõˣʸȥл֮У˶

һǺѶ˱ܵġЩ֪Ķʵڶó
Щ̧ۣȵڽУȴÿһλָơ
ֻһ䣬ëˣ

֣ŵʱ˺£˻ôˣ
Һˣ
ͻȻеڲռǬ幬ֻܾʲôطƵġ
ֱŵĸоѾʮˡ

ֻڵУҿǸƽ񶼲̫һˡ
ʲôʱ߾һˣ

գǰ߳˵һ
Ȼǰ乬ĸ
Ϣ͵˴ߡ˵ȥ乬ЦȥСʹ죬ʹ죡ˣһȥҺúðοοܡ
߳˵ڶ

ͨ乬İ·ϣ߳˵ġ򵥡ĵ
ѡ֮ˣĸߴ࣬Ų˵ġлп˳
ֻ࣬ʮˡ棬ҹɫɱ
ߵмʮʿʮ䣬Ҳûܵסʮ˵ĵز֣ĵ״һһţܷӳѰĺ¡

ɱ£Ѽֺ¡οûɱ
ȣùٻֻǹٻִıζ
С֮ӣɱңΧסŭһ׽
˲У֡

˳ҲЩʧݡ磬й˳ʿҺѪɽ׽ס˳ļ͵ϡ
˳ԼߺȵϺ󣡡
֣ȻǴűǻǴűǻĹٻǴıǻ
·һΣͷΣ¶ʵƵġ
˳еͷƤˡ

һ˲֮󣬿˳뵽ϺʲôϺ
֮ǰûнʲôϺ󡱣ǡһߡ
ŵ˽ǵıǸǰ˶ǺʿĸߴűѡС

ƽ˵ġϺ󡱣ʲôأ
˳漴֪ˡ
Ϻǻ˵ĵĲ

˳˺ѿֵ/ͻȥ
ڶĻûһڡ
ŵǸʵʸȴڡ

ʮ֮̿󣬺ҹӰﻹŹ/֡
˵ʧܣҲܱ¶һա䣬ڡ
Ĳʮ̿ֻлһ֪
޻һϣ˳ʱҲʬˡ

ݣݣ
/ĲĴ̿ͣдĻĻ˵˴ΪܡҶ̿͵/ò׼Ǽʹˡ
ֻǰļֵܵˡ
̿ˣ/Ҳʧˣֻ°˾߿ʬ塣
ըˣָǰȥǸСǲǻǰ棬ҵ첻

Ǭ幬ƻͨҶܰױĿԟRĿɢڵذϡĸıʿżһ
סģˡ
̲סȥһԟR

ҹܲܳأ롣
Ҳ˵Լʲô뷨
Ȼǲ°ܵġǣˣҲǣˡ
ֻɵ˰ˣɾһ󹦡

˼뷳ţźȻ򿪣˳˽
һ£¶һӢԟRǸƽĽƺ̡
ٿۣ˵ĿⶼǸϡǸƽҲ

³һھ͵ˣ֪ǡ
û˵أѾЃ̼棺үˣ
аһ˲
һ˰ϣããã
Żƽȫϣ
׹˳Ӧ

ɲѰ˼ֵߣӴܡ乬ƾ꣬۽ۣڻȥ·⵽˴µɱ
ҶԼʮֺ£߸ŵ඼Ǳ
ɱѣȴȻɱΧ

֮ǰڸЭ̺ʹ˳˽Уÿֻʿ
Щʿǧˣפ̫͵ǰ㳡Ķ˳ţڻʳ֮פһС֣פھ⣬Ӫ

ֵʱͬʱ㳡ϢӪһԤ׵⵽˴ʿͻϮ
ɱһ𣬸·һ顣ֻһȴָھӪҲһãȻ־ؿԼߣһһѾںˡ
Ȼ簲ŵģΪֻҪ˺ˣ¼һΧһ̶ϡԡġʳǺ;̫˺

Ǹ·۵С۵أԾظڳ˵طżҲɱͷٵֻñнԷƻȥǵ¡
֮ˣҹţȻǱͻϮȴҡڱ߽ѩĥ³ı߱ŵʵһϵġ

ںͻΧ̫͵ǰ㳡Լ˻ϡ
ʱ㳡ϵѾΪɱģ
Ĺǣ֮ˡΧӪʵ˶űˡ
صӪأ֪ǴͻϮŭ嶥εܸ֮£λ֡Ī֣֣ݹԾ顣

С˵ˣŵֻȫĵطܣֻ֪ǰȫĵط̫͵㳡ܵģ㳡ֻפڴ˵Ľ졣Ļԭ˵ЩˣЩת˵ġ
ƫʱ̫͵ĸ̨ϣܣҵֵܣڵл˵

ڳ˶аĵ͵ȻһճͷΡ
ı̵ѪЦֲȰˡĸ֮ӣ˽ˣ
᣺󹬸֮Ҫֵ֮𣿡

ܷ⣬ͷʱ򣬴ûֵƽһλ档̸ʲô֮ʵڿЦ
ֵֻʵԵķǿ̫࣬һ񾴣ûеָıӺиƨ֮顱֮ġ
ֻͷʵᡣ

ѾǣˡӺɱңֲȥ̸̸֮顣
ãǵ
һǧ˵棬𾪡ʲôǴȶֲɱ㣡






74.   74    ѩ

74

ʵᷳЩϵ塢档ЩΪ˸, ʵѾ˵˱ȹȥһ˵ĶĻ
ֻڲ؆ˡ
һ䡱ȶֲɱ㡱ֺһ䡰ֲŴҴҳˡϸһۣһ, һʿ¡¡۳̫ţӶųֱȥ
Ĵ󲿶פڰ, Ĵ󲿶פڹ⡣
֪֮ΣѾں, ܺʹֱӵ⡣

˺¡¡̫ʧ, ˷䣬ض˵ȥ, ţ˵һۣˮ顣ܼܺס, Էһǻʳ, ɡ
ʳǽɣһ˳гǡѶȻǿѰسǺһЩСǡ
, ʳ˱Ȼظۻˡ

ʮȥЩ٣ʧ롣ֳ, ȥЩܵǡ
ԟRԭǸתˣͷȴվںǰ, 㳡

ղһɱ²ʬ壬˱˱˵, ղҲˣʬ嶼ϴˡʣµĶǴˣѾ˿ʼʰڼҾӪæġ
Ҳп
֮ǰǴˣҲޡ

ԟRվסƽ
תϣԟRüͷţǰȺѹˣ
ĬƬ̣ľʵԤĻǿ
Ǿܿó׼ͻϮǶ̶ʱھͿʼˡ

ԟRס
ҵĴ࿹
Ҫģʹ˺ǣơһǿһ̫࣬ࡱˡ

ԟRһ£ŵֻһ
˴λʦǣ֮У١ľȻȴڱʵʵر߽²ڵֳֻ
ԟRӣԾǿ򵥵ֻжϡףۿһǲ׵ġֻܵٿɡ

ϵģֱǼ飬ɱˡ
ԭΪ뾩빬⼸վǺ͹ǶŶԷ˽һȫǶˡڼɪɪ

־ŭ̸£ôʹأšسš
ǷȫţУķ£ʮϣ±㽫ʹ˳⣬Ҫڳ򣬲ʹǻǡҲֻ䣬롣
Ӫٱһҹû˯Һ׼˶Էֻ׽ɱűҡ
ڶˣߴһҹҲͣսЪˡ

ȥͣ
ʱѾõϢԭڴɱ֮ǰȱ˷ɱ̿ͻУǱǻ
ݺǣĸ˵´ŭ
ݺȻ˭˭ĻʹˡֻҪӶõ˭

ʣô죬𣿡
Ϊʲô˭ʵҲںӺŵһתӳüۺЦҺͼ֮ӣһ

ǵճӣҲʹСֲǴλǸλҲûرǿҵ뷨ǣһֹǴλ
ļຮıǸů紺ĵط
ĸЦݴȰʱ׼ϲԵĵġСǻãˣ

˳۱ᣬȥûؾǡҲĵһִ
ֻû뵽ڻûмеůֻиǽ䣬Ի֮£Ƕˮ
ĵطꡣ

ȥ˵ûлͷ
бۿǰˣݺǵ˵Ц˻㲻
һлл

˵ֻһˣˣ⻹û⼸ֵܴء
ʲô㲻֪ũˡ
ǵǣֻǵĴ˻̫١͵ɫ̽˵ҪǰѶ鶼ƾǣҲǲܰ㹰Ǹλӡ

߿飬²û£ʱԴšҼ죿
ӣñǴλƺԼԴ̤ʵڲϸҪء㬵ǻˡ
ȥڸͣϴȥˡ

ͣ¸ڴҲû˵
Ƣ꣬һյڵϣˮ˳¸ϵ°ˡŭûʺջӣСͣҪͽҲУԾһ·ŹҸ
⻰˵¸ϱֱӻسȥˡ
ף˶࣬ûһ˷һ˽Թ

˴УĶࡣԼټСˣܴո߰
ҲֻŴϾѡϾԶͨݶ
ڴУѹʽƣǿ̬ȣѾѴλΪ

ǻصкͷһͷͨ
̾ĸԻ⡣û취ֻܾžǰܱȽžǺͻʳǡ

ľԹôǰˣ֪ԭֻ࣬ͽ죬Ȼܶ˾֪ˡҪ׷ʣ˭Ҳ˵Ϣģ֮ȻԼ˵¡
̸ֻ£˵޴ϾĸΪ֮ĸ˵ȴޣ⡣ֻ˵˵ȥ޷Ǿʹһ١
֮խʵӢ֮ࡣ

ɽָʹɽִﾩǵʱ򣬱㿴ôһۡ
һڴһǴŽգӪڳͷѿ֡
⻹бıӪ侯ţۿ浶ǹɱҲֻ۾ţܡ

ɳȥĳ֪ʹҹˣһҹЪһ磬ִˡ
ֵѾˣʮѾλ»ʻûѡʲôû
ɽֱɵۣô죿
Ϊ˹ʦģΪɶΪǲ÷ǽǰ

ɽָʹʣƽ˾û
˵ˣǱӪ
ɽָʹ͹ȥˣƽָʹһ޶סҾ͵ء

ɽָʹ˵ҵʮҲλˡзǺ͸󲿹ִ֣ͬҪǹʦˡǳһˣ˳ģȥһȺϵͷӣʬλزͣ˵ʲôǶһ̯ԼȥȥҾ͵һء
ɽָʹҲ¡
һļϣһȥߵţݣͷµ˵ȥƤȥˡ

°ٻԭΪضҪҪģ֪֮ΡҲһССٻϷ¼ɣҲĲȴ£ֻ쿸ǹ۳һѽζп
ϵı
ƽǴɽ
ɽ˶࣬ɱܴϾʹ򣬴򲻹ܡȫܵҲ죬ɽ

˵ɶʱܽǿͷһأܽȥɣ
°˵ɶʱ򣬻Žǹ䣿Ǹ侩ǵʱ
ɰ̾ʮź

һҸ̲סʣ᲻ᡭ
𣿡
ɣ
ǷΪūֲǴ
ǴŲɣ
϶ᣡ

ΪʹϽܵͣ¾Ȼ͸ˡ۷ǻڸʮΣֻȹš
˹ţ쿴쿴
ʮ죬綼캰ɱйȥˣ˭Ҳûܹ̤ʵա˲ⱧԹĻɢʼ˼硣

ٿʹ̲סָָ֣㡣ҵµۣôҶܻؼҡ
ֵܶɵҺҸҵܳ
ɻԼʱ˵⻰治֪ʱִ

һգŸշһǳ̫û˯ѵʱ̡
ǽϱų/ǹʿΪضˡ
ӪƥɧòսĸصѣһãȻôˣ
ʱǽϲtʿɫףָԶ

һգı񾡳ףǴ
ʮ̽¶ڱ߽ѩĥ³ķһЮŷװƣ˻ڳ˯е

ⲻѰ˼ҵֵܻ
򵶱Ѫнߵյĸλߵĸ
Уڼףճսۡ

ĸˣȴˡ
߶/սһֱ𣬽ס˵
ĸգѩޣ

ɱ






75.   75    

75 

Ѯ, 񾡳һս
ڣȴȱԶˡ
ĸʵֻиѡһǧǧĸ, ǳ͢ƹ涨ĶȡǮһ£ʵϵж٣ÿĺɰжǮ
Կ, ֪һǸˡ

طΪ, ԭ鷪Ͻơ
˳ۻŵʱ򣬼ԺĶĿ޴, Ҳûеط˾һΪ˳죬µ, Ŷ˵طȨ
ֻš𢡱Ĵ, Դ֮ΪҲһսʲôֵ˽ĸءվֻǸط, Ҳûʲô̫õɽвʲô£Ϊս, ⡣

ȴȫȻͬڱض꣬뱱ʿһͬԡѪս, ʿ䣬ͺͱΪһ壬ڱмӵ֮, Ǳ֮ޣ֮𣬱Ǳ֮
ָ, ʿΩհ

ʶʱ򣬿ӴĴһսɢˡ
ûȫƾá
򾩽һǰһŮһûӪУׯӹһ١
̳СĹ뷿ҡѣʵţˣôܣ
ֻһˣ

Ȼһʵǰһ˻ǹ˲滹Ǽ٣ѴСĴֱӼߡ
һսûзִû׷ɱЩվǺ²Ǵܵᵶɱɱؽеֻɢˣ㲻ǡ

ûҵʮֺ޺ޣȴҲȹǰǲܣȴսɡ
û취˭
ջǷ²˴ĽӪ˶ٽˣﾫ
ڴλԭ˿Ҫ뾩ֵܴսһ׼׼ġӣֵĴ춼ϲ£ɽú
̭ҲǮ㣬զͷ⵽ط仹䣬ɶҲûС

ɽú֮磬ضʮָΪ̫ˣھ˳۶ۺ죬ӭȥ˰˷ȥɽЩ˰ࡢǶ˾֮ģǴӵطǮ⣬ֱ˾˳۵֡
ΪǻʵۣӹǮҲڸͬ⡣ǶסͲͬĻʵһǮҲ붯

ļԱ󽫰֮ʹϣ½£ɢʣࡣһˣ
ҲǶսˣʵϱ飬ûԺ²ɱ䡣һ˴ɢû£еĸɴͳûˡ
ֻʵǾ˴֮ǰ̫ˡ

󣬴޷ܡʢŭָܡȻҪֱһŭ˴նһԱ󽫡ڽ첻ٱ硣
ʲӣ£ݣٰ㾯һաһգѹ򰲶⡣

϶ǰȫ޳͵Ϯɽû׼¡
Ҳȫ޵ɽȷиû׼
ʵΪػС̽ʮ졣ÿսһߡɽԹ۵ľӶáֵܶѡɽʿҲָо

ֱɽ˲ѹ
һΣɽģ˼ĸճˣ־ɱȥ벻һˡ
ϰֻҰݣ˵ʣ췹ڵĿӶƽˡƾʧ
ɽ֮ʱȴԺ𡭡

һ˻ˣ֮ǰɽԭ͵Ϯԭ򡣵ɽģԴʱ򣬾ͲٴЩıĳɷˡ
潻սֻӲӲ
Ե棬ѪѪ⡣

ƾŷ籩
ĳҪٶȶʶǰԶ㹻ٵľ롣Ϯ˵ʱ򣬴ĲֹٶȺɽơ
ɽŵĳֱǼðסбĵǹǰбϣ׼ǰѹѹɱı

ױƽķۣµĴеˣ䶼øоС۾ģƺˡ
ֱײ
棡
⣡

ƥӰӴǰһζѾܿ۾ֻܿӱдĵĴСǴ̿ˣǴ͸ˣ
ϵ䣬Ҳͷ­Ѫһ֪ǵоĻġ
ֻһڵѪЩʧ˵ŤѣĻضˡɱ죬ǰǲ֫ҷɡ
ٲ֮ǰ̽ӲӲսϣΪλĲɱû֡˵ɱ
֮еǰ˵ǰ䴩һս£ƴͬǱɱɱɱ

ʱܴӸ߿ոῴ飬һɿشɽıι롢ͷٹι
ÿһˣ㽫ӴɽΡһ㡣
һһأٴɱʱڲֻι㡣һΣĵˡ

Ͽ¸Ļ㿴ǡ⣬Ƥ֮ݺݹιһ顰⡱Ӵи˿
˫еĹһֵĳȥһ鱻иġ⡱Ѿʧ

һӴս˲һʱ
ʱ䲻սУӽһʱƴȫɱѾ㹻ʹһ׳
˵Ҫս۳սĵڲٶԶ࣬Ȼ;ỻ㹻޷ʱս
༰ʱ𣬱ԥؿʼսؽһս

һսٵж࣬һӲ˴ˡȥزʬô⡣֮£ʵɥ
ĲֹһˣڰϹսģΪ׵
һսʧȥֵܵĽʧȥذЦݡ

һֱΪֵǶǲġ޷˶٣ǮǮٵѡֻһսʹʶǲͬġ
֡ͬпֻš

ȻҲ˲ֻţǱԟRͻ
սʧԶҰ¥Ϲս͸Ƕ¥ԟRͻվڼߣһƬǽ壬Ұս
˭˵쳣سĬ

ãԟRȻһġ̾
塭ૣֻ갡
һ̾ĸС
еġӡܲ






76.   76    ǰ

76

ʱʼ, ٲСС֡
˶ֵܴ֮࣬ܶʵʵı
ڱ򱱽ɭ, ɽڱģҲԼ˱ģɽЩɢ֮սϹӵɢ¡

˵, ʵũغпһսɽ½, ս£ƽϾ, ҲͱͨũЩѵѡ 
ڱûʵսľ, ľˡ

͵Ϯһս, ˱ŵøεѣӱҲԸӡ
ֻӱֳʲôʲôܲϵӱΪ, ٳӱˣмһزã涨, սʱһ١һ, ԴˡȶˣЩ£Ҳûʲôˡ
˵Ķ, ġ

ܰձˮƽ˾Ҳʦھǣط, Щɢ˿ӣ˼ҡ
ܰղ࣬Ӽ丮涨İն׷ױӾǣӻ

ʮŭ
УӪǾ֮ǸֶΣײ붯׾ȥɨӱȻ׾ţûһӸţ˭
æܾˣܺʹ£ս

ڽͨصޣֻˣԴƣûаһ˷ϡ
ʹŵĹ˵ĵȷѴµӮ򵥵عѺǷϡ֮ǰ벻һӲܿס

ԭֻѴĶ֣ڣ˵
ΪƣʮҪа취ǮʮʮҲǲܡ
ʮüľֻôһ룬亹ˡ˽ѾĻǴ˹ʶ򲻵Ѳ

Ѯıܵĺ衱ݣҧͬˣ
ΨָһĽڡ
ڱԺûʲô⣬õݾˣϲһ
ֻǸִ󣬱ʱʱܵԴ󻧡գû취ֻܰοԼݣӺ

ȱľݣϱͨʹϷʳܱϡЩʳҲУʳﲻ᳤ܵҪ֮ȱ
ȴͬˣߺ·Ҳߺ·ıϾֻͬų͢ĲӡѾΪ¾Щ졣ֻ߹ţͲɿڡ

ƽָʹɽָʹЩ඼סڱˡ
Ӫ׾Ҳˣһֱڴֻʹ֮䣬ûв롣󲿾鶼ƿ֮£ҾǵıѾ̫ˣܰµľǼġñƽ˾ɽ˾˹ء

ƽָʹɽָʹһˣһ·ҷݲƣܿգұҪݡ㲻ߡ
ҲɸΪ֮ϱͨȫڸӲѹţҲѾ˺üģԱһ
һֱƤµס

ãڸӣǮűƽɽ·ɨΪܵɢ¡
ƽָʹɽָʹõǮڿϰӪͷת

¼Ҹ˵֪Ҫؼˣʮָˡ
ھǣ̿ɴƴҲǲɡֻɶֻű˴̣еҪѿ
ҾǾǰȴҲȥ۲

ǳǵʱʹѾˣʱǴѾˣֻܿ
ֱܰղ֮࣬׷򾩳Ǳӻǹţôǣ鿪ŷѵİսǡֻϣһ˷죿ԾղŴݣҪǾò𾩳Ǹ죿

˫ִ£ЭÿſһʱŰս
ҲΪĴפ⣬ҲΪһϣǴͻȻɱǣȵͻϡ

ʮǼʶʶκǵľӪʮֻѵİսǱƽɽıʿһɲǡ
ֻžǸ߸ߵĳǽ̾

°ظһƣˣԺܻлġܻؼˣ㲻ϱ
밡զܲ룡ϱɾͿˣƽƽȥǿ϶ģ
ǻ£ʰӪˣ
ʰң

֮ûʲôջ񣬵ҲûʧҪǣƽƽͱʲôáһ·ɨЩɢӱѮɽ̤ɽĵؽ硣
վرһǱУˣ
аѶޣɻ˰

Ǳ籾ģΪǾʿءǻޣ۶û£ȥˣ뾩ˣҲû̴򣬶ƽˡ
֪Ǵ޵ô缸ѽ
ʿǵЦݽס

˵Ѯɽ˾յǷʦϿΡֻɽȼغ˱ʿפء֮ıһգɽرһֿ״̬
γڵ£·ҲѰٻþ
Եİٻֻܸ£ֻҶ֪°ٻķŮкܣµóϵãһ˺ӧǹɱõ˵ơ
ھУʮֵγڣҲҲ¡

ֻµףϺȻƸŻˣԼ·˵ˡ
·־ϲæлѱииȻǻ֮࣬ϲˡ
¼ֻлһҪһ·ϲüң˵ˣҶϱҲи

˵ϲĽҲû£ֻԭЩ׼ûʲôףû롣
桱һ·ʣˣ
˵Щò׼ǣ·̫Сһ¡

·ԭֻӴ֣г˾ϲ
Ҳˣ˵ʱ䣬¼ֵܴӽһͻˣɽǰŻϣǰţ
ֻ׼׼Щٿ

߼ҴʶࡣΪ⻳ûϵ£һ̲ĺˮĸӭһڡµĸò׼ǲ˵׼ģĸʱջϲǨŭϱ
·ܲЦûжûϵиƽͺá
ԣһ

ֹʮգѾͷ緹ϼһС㣬ûڣһĸŻ
׼ˡ
ϱͬʱϲ¼˫ϲˡ·Цúϲ£졣
ڷӦ·ѾܼңԼȽ˹ϱµøʲôƵģɶҲɲˣ·²ͣԹԣĵòˡ

ÿﻹһɷƽһŮȣһϱ˳
֪
ɽȼ˷̡
δϰĴߣǰˡ






77.   77    

77 

һ·Ƥ
ӵķ, ƤҲûͣóĥʯĥǸ˺ӧǹǹ⡣
ǹˣǹľƵģյöˡױһ, ̫ǹҲȥץס֡

˽ţγ˵˾˻, š˺ӧǹű˱ˡֻ̫˵ãã
γ˵Ǹ, Ų֡ˡ
ʵγõһǹ·˼ױŸġ

ǹúãǹҲ, Ƥһ䡰Ǿǹܻеˡ
ǹִ, õģһЩֻǲŶĶ, ǹ˱ָ͡, ɳһǹˡ

ʹǹģĪҪһˡֻ̫ˣһ˼ð첻
ͤﵹһ, Ǵլ֮
·Ůʱ͵͵ȥˣˣ, һٺᡣšŷҪ޸Сӣò˵һ䡰Ժò, ޡ
ʱԴҲ˺ݻȼˣ¼ҵ, Ȼ
Ůôˡ

ĺ·ҹλ֪ںޡֻǸҪӵģԼѡ˼ңӲҲðӹȥ
ױ˴˸˺ǹְֵؽ
ں˳ͷˡ
гϢźȥͤ顣ֻ·˺ǸģԸȵͷôһֱ䲻ȵأֱүȥ

·ÿÿﲻʱ򣬱ĥǹĥĥ㾲ˡ
ֻ죬ȴôɼżغ˷ˣʱŻȻԭڤڤԤа

һһƮʾźǰ˭벻Щ̻ô죬·Ƶġ
·˵ϸǽһôɽأ˵ûҳս𣿡
ɼһ仰·󣺡ɽûʲôˣӢ˵Щȥɽ͵أ

·˲ˡ
ֶ򣬽ˡ
ҿóԵ̫࣬ﶼûˡ˴ӦٱϾʦȥӦѲ˳䳡ˣغ⡣غλҪûгǾغߡ
֪

ʱٺ޶ûá
˶£ؾشšˡꡢ׳ϱ˹ӡŵ׼ˡ
˭֪ӭĲǺҰٻȵˡ
Ӣҡ

ٻ֮ԭ͸໥֧ԮЭοӢȵģⲻܲȡ
γԭǸ·˵ġɼֻľʿˡ
·˰˶ɼֵϺͼϹ۵Ĳбôʮˣȥˡ
һȥûٻ
ȵڻû˻ת·˵ľͳȥˡ

˲˯ѾǽϾ䡣ϡ١к͸ˡЩˡ
ϺԭҲЩ򣬲ǵ᲻𵶵Ůӡƫѣһһµ
·˵չ˵彫ͻ綼еϷЪšʵȴˣͻĴϱȥϷַľѾ͸õĵط
ǾĽŲֻͰƿݵ棬ԭиؽѡ

£Ǽȥ㡣˵涼ʰˣˮбɣܳźü졣
ϵףϻ򶨣·˵ֵڣڣɼһܻģǱʲô°סˣ
ϱ·οһŮڣʲôҲܰŻ
Աһ

ǸһȻˡҹʱ֣ҹϮ¼ұ
࣬ԭ˯þͲ̤ʵǡԤźõ˺׳ǽϡϡһƬʸ
˲Ҳ򶼱Ǵˡ
ֻñģ׼õʯͷӣӣһһ

Էȴǻͼ䣬߸ߵзǽͷյġ
ݣ˴֣յġ·ǽϣЦҲ˻ı⡣
ڶӪ꣬װ

ǽͷмһͷȥ֪Լǲˣֻ
ֻ׸Ƕ֪ʱƴֻҡԶʳ⣬СģŮȥ̣ͣظӣֱ
ǽЩ¶Ŷǣ֪жپŮġǳںȻͳ˺

˭Ҳ䵽ˣʱ̣ǸǶƴս
צסǽͷ׳ũݺݵؿȥöԷӶ˳ֱˤȥֻ˴ȴʸ۾ᴩͷ­Ѫȥ
˸ĺźڵϷҲɶӶȥĺ»ڣȴˡڱִڵϡ
ֲ֪˭Ѫ֡

·˴ŴսɱûѪ֪ǽͷȥˡŴĥǹоˡ
ʱ·֪زסˡҧ
Һҿ˼·˳ǽͷĺȲ׷ɱͬȥšȺһѷӿ룬Ȼȱžլȥ

˳¼ң˴ţ˨¼ҵԺǽϡ
ɫףҲʳˮսôãÿ˶Ҫ
Ͻڣ·˺ɱȥ⣬ֻܵ
ϱУ׵ġĸǽܱǣο¼ҵԺǽءֻڵڣҲܵÿһ㰡

·˳յϻϷϡϡ綼˺ַĵؽи裺ˣ
ֻɿ֣
·ӲǰҴǣǧҪʲôʱ򳹵ûˣʲôʱٳ
Ϻᣬͷ·˿˵ؽѸӡ

·ϲݵ棬Ͱסǽ䣬һ߷õͰһأ˿žͲ
һۣÿۼȻתȥˡ

ǿ˾ţֱլˡ
·ǹصǰԺʱ򣬺Ѿ濳ˡеļͷӶţŮǶ¶ݾ֣ڿޡ
·˺ӧǹһ٣ɱȥſˣҶǰͷһӣ

ˣ˶ͷ
ٰӵľٰӣٵľٵ·˺һͷһ󳷣źȻһͱײˡ
·˷һһ˺ӧǹŲӰ̹ȥţһϢŴɱ˶Էһ䲻⡣
ڴźţųɱȥһ֮˴š

ܣ·˴ȡ
ѾߡϱǾܣֻмͷӺͺ׳·ɱսˡ
ǹȻˣû¼Ҵլ塣

򺣵ϰԭլЩʵҲԶֲںϽ̴÷
ϰĿģΪˡ
Ůˡ

סб໧ûлĺڰжв㡣ԹǮģǮˣһԸź̽Ϣ
¾ɻʵ۽棬£ɽȥʦô£ȻõϢ
ɽ飬ôܷŹôõĻᣬ㷢˴ɽǰ

ԭΪغҪһսغ½һ飬ױɽơ
һ·ɱ¼ұ
˲ض룬һ
סȥʵ
̫Сĺһ߷ɣǹͷҲС
ֻŮǱץסģŮˡ
ƾһ˺ӧǹ֪ɱǶֵָܵˣ

ǽҧ·˲š
·˶Ծθ죬ȥɱ˼ǿŮ˵ĺŮ˱סУߣʵΪ

ǰӰһΣסȥ··˶˵ǹһӰζű̹ȥֻսһҹڣղҲûüһʳﲹѽߡ
·֪һԼҪˡܶɱɱ

ͷɢˣһۣһͷ۹ҧڵߡ/ǹ͸ֵĽĦ
Ҽ类һѪɽһƬ·ֻҧͷӲһй

ͻȻ졣
·˳/ǹԲǰˣתǹطȥ
ȴԭ˴ӱ͵ϮͻȻܳĸŮ˾߹ޣһ߹˺ԡ

˱ҵ˵ڵأ漴ֱһűһ㽫ǸŮ˵һһŮ˾䣬
ա
ͻʯ䷢һյ
һӷ·ǰϡ
ϸ

ܶ˶˵¼ұݵŮˡ
ǰɫʱ˵ݵúġɫûˣ˵ݵ
Ѹ
·һȻйˡ






78.   78    

78

¼ұѸ, Ǹӣһ˶˯
ѸֻһѸ

˼Ҷƶ, ϸĺֺݵİٻˣ˿۾ãǿռ, Ǳûˡ
¼ұ˱Ƚˣ°ٻǸʺ, ֵܻȥ
Ȼ, Ϊ˻һעǮȢϱѸʮһϾ͵żȥͯϱ

·˶Ϥ֪, ΪɷˣżҪټ, ˵ˡ
ƶ˼, ŮŮûжֱ
Ѹֲ̫һһ, ҺżҳΪȨִЩһ߷һǮҲеģƢֱӳһеǿҲеġ

Ѹе㲻һ, ǼȺ˷սˡͷҲһȣϥֱӽ֫ˡ
Ҿˡ
ģڱҾ, ͱϳһĶͶ˰ٻˡ
ֻͷ, γˣһȥ

Ů¹ѵϢ֪żұҪŮ㵽¼ǰȥޡ
Ǹʵ˼γǹŲһһʮˣҪϽ򵥵˵ԼϽٻʲôܡ
ԲǾ仰һأٻ족
¼ұһأγȨⱤÿһ˵ˣһ㲻ԡ

ͷŮ޵һٻγ˼ˣͷһȥͣˡ
ôһٻͣ㲻˵ˡ֮γѸ¼ұ
Ѹ·˿˸ͷ
˵ֻͷȥʱһϸ·ӡ̡

·˲֪ɤӻˡ
Сʱżұúܣշʱ͵һڣŷ֣°ͽһ̵ȥ
һزˣûɤӻˣ˵񣬱㲻ô˵
·˺˸һڴ

ֻ·û뵽Ѹһϸֹӡ̣Ҳγӡ̡
һգγϴž˵˯ѸҪɻؼ檡
·˴ŭ㱬γֳһϴ°Ҫȥѵ年ɷС/

ŭ崳ңͷֻһڴǽ˵ֱ˽ȥ
СѸڴߣľͷƵģ̧ۡ
ˣ·˺޵ҧϸ񿴹γЩ꣬û뵽СѸ˹ܲޣ㽫һӸ߸߾ŭĿС/

Ѹľؿǰɷ·ˣ̧һֻ֡
żЩ꣬ûԹֹϸҲϸ÷·һͶϡֻϸϣһȦϵĺۼһ·˵ۡ
·˻סˡ

Ѹ̧һֻ֣ҲһȦϺۼ
ֻһɫأóʱγ˵˶ǯס֡

Ǹƾɵϡ
ˣˡ
·ɫֻ࣬û
ѸǸӣ˵ֻΪʱ˿̣·˲Ǿ˵ˡ

·תߡ
Ժͷڴ£ȣͷ̾
ô죿ֲУȫŰٻ˵Ļš
ٻ˯ŮʱҲֻҲҲҺ
ֻŮƵһһء

ӶˣҲûӣϱǶҪȥˡСŮԭΪ˰ڱþͽϣγ˯ˡ
γһ˯Ѹ¼ұǱ˼ˡ

Ѹܽ¸ͷҲܳƵǼȮ졣ֻͷͷ붼롣
¼ұ˭֪γжڰ
ͷֻ·˴ŭ֮»᲻ὫǸŮһȥ

·˵ûͷѸߡȥƵĽγø첲Ѿ֮ҲûѸ̧š
Ϊγַ˼ױŰ뱲ӵĴĥòװڿྡʱγ̧Ѹš
·һӣͻ˸Ц

γ˵òᣬü첻ܳš
ԺЩװһڴϸͷȥ˯Ѹһء
һѸ˯һأֵ⣿
Ѱ˼ң˹ʱøһ⡣˵γһϸ⣬ͷ׬ˡ
ǰٻ

ֻǺγȥǾͶ˼
ԹűǣѸǰǷǶࡣ
ͷһͷӣѸһŮӣʵڲˡ˰ҹ/ǽȥѸӡ
һͷȥ򣬽˵һţ˰£Щ˻ˡ

һûˣǷȻܸѸγһá
ѸȴѹԭеļĶأڸսͷû֮󣬾ͽˣֻʣĶȥıԼųͷȥŪ

һ죬Աߵһ̧ۣ컯յģѸϵСȥˡ
һٻôˣʶġԥһ£û¡Իȥ緹ȥˡ
ٻصͷϵʱ򣬿Ѹͷɢң﹡Ϸɵӡ

̾ȥʣû°ɣ
Ѹľľģվתˡ
ͷڵء
ͷһͥҪĲƲôﲻˣ
ܼǣ

ֻǴ֮Ѹµأӭͣ˰ӡ
ͼʣȥһӣǺܺõġҲˡϾҶżݳһأҲݳޡ
·ôȥ

·ҲûˣѸôͲȥأ
ˣɾʡġҶܻʹЩˡʡһµܡ
Ѹƫȥ

̫˵û˰֣㳣۸˲
һ·˳·㿴Χţָָ㣬Ц
ȥһѸһ˳ͷ׳£ȴؾס˵½ǲϷš
һʲ֪ԭӦ˸һŴģ˭֪ϿӾͲˣ

ˣΪʲôȥ
·ͷͷѸ·ܵʲôƵģͷײ
˫۾Ұһ·ˡ

ΪԲȥ
ˣء
ƾʲôȥ

·촽ҧҧ˳ȥޱһӳϣǲˣһűҲ
Ѹſ֡·˽˳鵹ڵϣǺشġ

·һϣŭȣȥű
ǰٻˣ˵ˡĸҷһȳһյȥȡŴѸ
Ѹӹڻ

·һ˦߬סڿﻮһȦ˵ҿֹƨ˵£һٳ飬˫һ˭վ˵
Ȼû˸վ
Ůз޷ɫҲҷٻˡڨڨ˵ۿûҪ

·˱ӿճһ£ġžһ
Ǳɢˡ
ֻ·ʼղһͷһѸ
ܾѸЦëȻ
ǸľľͷƵˡ

֮·˾Ѹǰ棬ߣֱڡѸһӱն÷һߣ·˵ǰ
ϸøʲôƵģȵϸˡ
Сһ߹˺ϣû顣

·ſҧסͷ䡣
һҹǿйˡ
ֵ͸š






79.   79    

79

·ǰ, عԼһ
ŮʱֺܿҸֿҸ˱Ȼֹˡ
СײǸ͵ѧҵǹ, ʹһ١˭֪ҪߵʱǺ׽סĽףſڵͷղһǻǹ, ûףôǹתˣ

۾ÿŴ, Ҳѧǹ
С͵͵, ͵͵ѧ
һǹ˾ƣȴȻס

Ҫ, Ҳɡ˵ЩȥֻýγĻ
γ˵, Ҽһӡ
, ˾͸һǱӡ

֪֮Ů˼һʲôأ
Ǵ帾, ؽʮһγ·һָͷġ
ϱڴϵڵŴȺϱТôֻһͿء

ڻǵһ, γű߳°ڰ󣺡͸ͷɡ
ʱͦ߰˸´ĶӣֻܷءعȥȻǸ˵Ҫһ˷һ
̫ż, һڵϣû˸ղźʱİݣ۾ŶݺֵĹ⡣
·˵ҲûĿ⡣

½¶Ҫ¼ҽ׵˼, ϲ½ʲôɰӾǵ֪帾
½ˣ·˹עȹע½ӻŵöࡣ
Ǹʮֵع°ó󿴵¼ңӲʧҲй˵Ķ⡣

·֪½˹ش޹ȥҪһӦʱࡣ
Щʲôء
űĺزˣû¼ҿ֦ɢҶϺɷзʱȴŴģһ쵽֪˼ǵ¡Ӳˡ
ҪǱ֪ʲôࡣ
һ˵ϸ˹ĸǰ¶˵ˣվأ·˶ʮֵĺˡ

ֻ֪ݿģܲᡣ
ɵ۾ȫ½ԣ˵ʲôȥ͸һ꣬Լһùʲô¡һ˻һӡ

·Щûм˵Ըȥ½Ҹһ£żҺҵ
ʱ䣬㹻ɵ׹ζˡʱȥˣϸϸȻȥҲöˡ

ֻǲ㣬˭֪ʵͻȻءһӾͷƱãϱϡ
ȥ˽ˡ
·֪ԼҪˣڣ໰ŵԺȥٽ̸
Ʃ䣬׸һʲô

Ǵſ֦ɢҶĿϳϹĺɫʵһġ
½εһӣôǻһ˹ˡ佫ʲôסˣԼߵˡ

ֻԼѰ˼½ӿ۵ˣȥطط˰ҹöãһվţһңҺ
ҷ˻˵ðף¶ڷ磬˴ղطһƬŮģѾͷ
ʵǺطΪݸݸδ׼ġ

ݸݸͲ࣬ͣŮ˺ӣͷ鵭ʱó󣬿ɶˡ
Ǹūأͨū澻ܷһӷҪԼĺ棬õľǰѺӸĸȥ
һãܺãܣҲûùӳԡ
ǸĺӣˣԼһ󡣵ʱİ֡
ֻЩûüء
ɵɵģףԼͨ־ô죿

·˵߿ԶѸֱۡϸѽ
·ԼҲȹʱγ۾ҲƲʱ񿴸Ů
õ껪ƶʹĥȥˡڳϢˣѾˮͰƣ⡣˵۾ڱ˵Ʋ
ǵͼޣγĳͷĪĹͣǷ࣬һӲȭͷͻ˱Ц

·˵űѪʪָٽ
Ȼ֣һЩӣǰ淴ڰʱڿྡˡ
ʣֵ
زʣ롣£ȥ룬µҹ˯ţﶼĻš

ʵö԰һֵ
·޷شֻûǸӧǹ޸ԭӲѾͷѹԵġ
ڲñЩϵĹڲһζظҪ

·һ֮ʱž̸ЩδǶԵġ
ԼӰ
Ҫģ
Ҫİ
Ҫ

·ǰɷͶǣʵڿݺܶࡣǣҵģֻɵԶ˵СŮ
ޱȻںޣû罫ý¶
ſڵϣʧȥ䣬֪Լûа취ȥˡ
Ժ˭ܽЩأ

·˽ģǰԼԼؿһŮǸ滨Ÿ߰
Ȼ⣬ʱȴʮֵġûʧ񡣵ڿڰ¶ʱıûһܡ

ӹţǵС˼·ʮֶ˼Ư¼ȫȻܾˣֻܰŮ͹ȥ
ˣǺܽмЩֶζˡʲôı
ȥˣҲ˵ǸõġҲǸ֮˰ɡ
·촽΢۾
׼ңŮиˡ

ǽһŲŮϴ﷫ȥˡһƬѪŢ
γ°ɷϻʱ򣬱ˣȴһƬɡ˶ˣȥ
¼ҵĴŵһȣûװϡطлչĺۼ

¼Ҹӳȥ۱ѩá
ϡϹǰ۾ͨؿǡ
¼ҸӶɵˣγֱӴס˵°زʣأɼأ
ϡϷشޡ

˳ʮ£ʮӼλ̩£̩λ¾ǻݸΪ˳
˳ʮ£ɽ˾Ӧҽگʦ
˳ʮ£ɽ½ɽ飬֮أɱӣ°Ů١

жʧݡ
ٻγ֮սɼʧ١
ٻ֮ޱɱŮӢʧ١
ǧ֮ˣŮݸʧ١
֮أ

˳ʮ꣬˵ʵڲһꡣ
ڱ֮أΪüʧϱ۶ˣѹ
Ȼڸʹûзſ˼

ʱ鲢ɡ
ΪһѾɢֻʣˡ
벻ĽԭĿУǴλ֡ľ

ĵȻǴ
ʱԭռƣеı֧࣬ĳࡣ˭̶֪µʱ䣬ͱڵƼתֱ¡
ں޵ҧгݡ

ֻǺҲûáڵǣ׷Ŵٵ׷˶Ĵ
ӷڸ󣬵ڳӣ֮ǰվӴˣ鶼ʮ΢
ƶ΢
˰ѱѾĽ˻ȥ׼ҪվĶӣԥվ£վ˼Ȯ죬վÿܾٲ

ìܸӵ£ԼѾȼֲסˡ
ǸƢС֮ˣһֱߡϧһΣֱӰһɡߵˣѽ־޴ķԼȱˡ
ڴʱ򣬱˰Ӽľ
²춯






80.   80    

80

²һǴܵľСܿ, йα²ֱӴ򵽾ǳǽµľһΣʱĻʵŵòǨ
ʱرأ

, ϵʱſ˰졣
󽫲˵ֻ۾б
, ͻϮ
ͻϮԱ˵Ǽҳ㷹ر, Ǳ²塣ɵɵ, ȵķءõķشǽ
ȥɨű, ̽űϮһǰı, ȥٹˮ, Գսˡ

˵Ц
ɽҲء
أлǡ
˵öԡ

һ/ٺˡ, ɨһܡ
ɭȻκһ֧ɱȵġǶڿຮ֮ѪĴĥġ
֧, յ²춯֪Ҳ, ಻סˡ

ʿǲ֪ϢȻ
˸ӣ
ǵţ
ȥ

һգ滮ƿ, ˺ѵָء
ʿǱ죬һ˲㾲
һսŴһսǡؼȥ

ؼȥʿǿεָ죬໵׳̧ۣĿͶϡ
米ͦΣپÿһɡһĻӰ˵ǡҡ
Ǿ
Ǳ
ֿ죬Цˡ

ˣ
Ǻ¡¡ɽͷƤ顣ǵķӦҪȴǰöˣϾսϣڱĵ£һֱܶһҲĥˡ
ֻһսֲͬôƵģ
ģҪͬھ𣡣

һףɺ磬̨ϵϷӰ඼ÿֻɫʵڲÿ
ԾǲǷˣŭ
λڴС򱱽ʵжѸͣûʲôʱʹӡ󷽡ˡԶԴ˵ûаȫġ󷽡У涼ԼľӣŸһ㰲ȫС

Ҳûؾȥ
ֻľӱڳⱻǣסˣѾɥʧǳҪͷӣһʲô
Ҳȫ

ֻǽ챱Ƶģɱ񣬼ɱһɽɱɱԭ⼸Ѿĵݷɱ֮ǰһйǧˡ
үɽָʹԥȰҪȻүǽǱ߳
͵챱ԡղż棬һαһĩֻ¡

Ȼʲô棿
ɽָʹֻܸ͡
ԭΪɽռƣ治룬Է䡣ǶǴΧߣεһһһոΧʿ
գس棬ͷ嵽ǰƵġ

亹ˡ
󰡣ıʿҲˣԼһʧæģ㣬
ֻսǰҶرƣôס
ʱɱˡ

һγִ½ʿյѪˡ
һսͻؼң
⾩ǣʵûʲô˼̶񫡣Ҳʵû˼һȺõũˡǱɱţʵøϽرȥ²ģ

һγ棬һڱ˵ȥ쫷һ㣬пɽз棬ֱָǼܻս
վڸ߸ߵĳ̨ϣĸܵɱһŹֻ̳ŵûɢ
ߣߣС

ֻս֮󣬹ǵͷҪʱ䡣
үɣΣ˻ǣ˵Ҳ˲Լʹս
һͷѾܿˣ
εѣʲôҲ˲ˣһ߿ΪǣˣͳһޱҪ
׷Ϯ

һһƵƵͷÿλͷԾɱһ֡ǳϻѪ
˶ˣһߴ߶սһߴ󺰣Ծ㲻ɱңҺͬ֡
ֻţȻһߣһ㡱û˵Ѿˤ˳ȥϣƥ̤һֱۡҽУһ̧ۣǰӰ֡

սڿգĸܵԾͬ񣬳յ·űĹ⣬Юꡢ˵ĺޣն
Ժֻһͷӣ

ʯ䣬һһģһĳסһն
ֶԾ֣ԵɲǼײϾ͸ֻ𻨣һյһɲѾɴȥͷʿѾŵüԵĴק۱Ӷȥ

սϵʱݼŵġ
һδնɱʧʱޣȴҲýʿԼ̰رУԥ
ĻӶʿǴڣſʼս
ɽձɱ˶ɵˣֻȺӸϽߣʲô׷ˣв׷ġ

սһ·ۻصӪء
ҲժͷӵϣȥһȭϡһѣѪ
˴󾪣ȥҲ˸ղսϿˣô£סˡ

ס䵶һ磬Ĺ⣬ҧһɱɣ
ĴָǵѪں˵ɱɱһ֮£Ҫʲôɣ࣡
ҧʣ󲽹ȥһѾסڣΪʲôɱ

ղսϣǴ󽫵ĳȥסնɱһʹʧȥ˿һΨһһնɱĻᡣ
Ƕ˵ıһģһĳ/ࡣΨһĵϣ̵ƣ󽫵ûС
Ϲ򣬱ɴ󽫵ĸְֽ̳ġ

󽫱סţ˿ţֻλǾ޶ǰ㽫ЩĸֵܶɱҲû⡣
ŭ
ֵҪûǸ뷨֣߱֡дʷϣֵҫ𣿡

ˣҲˡλ֮£ԼȥɡƤЦֵģֻ㻹ûšʲôݣעҪʷһҳд˰

ھȪ֮£뿴㱻һʡ߱֡ǧ󻹱ָָ˵ˣڣʲôѩʲôޡ
ϵģֻԼĺܹúúõģûû֣á

ɱһʱ⣬ֵʲôã
Ϊң߱ɱջӣԳƵճϸ˽ڣıȨ
Ƿ˲óּ⣬ֻҪԸ۱ʮҲϸ㵥ɣ
Եģһ֪㣡ǴܵˣǴܵˣԾⱲӣǲѳܵģİ㣡

ҧҧҧӢӶΡ
͵һƣƸתߡ
վˣʧ³һԼĳڼϣּĳһ߼ϣֿЦˣؼˣ
ڽʿ˷ؼңؼˣ
ȵȣֵȥԻش󻧣Ͼһˣֻܿȥ
˺Ȼǡ

һˡ
ϾλֻӴֵ¡벻ĩߵ˵λˣǡǸӣλһֱҧţ
ӷӷӣ
ôܸӶŸɣɽϳˣ²춯ҪϢ

ʵԻˡ
ΪʲôȥϷʡ
˶ˣʲôٴӱЩλ˭ֻδ֪
ΪʲôʱҪȥˣ

ɽ֪ô͡Եģô벻أ
ȵۣر²£ػԭİΣ
ʱ˾ǣ˴λ֮Ȼʴ飬ȻΪˡ







81.   81    

81

ʵ, ʵڱȴǿܶ࣬Ѿôˡ
ΪʲôҪ飬ֻǲ˻ľ, ûʳô⡣С֤ģ
Σġ

رһֱҵҵǸ, սԺ, ʵʵģ鱨
Ǿ˳ֹѶ֮, ͽǣרǧġ
ҳ, ӹɵġ
ֻҳϣǶ˭, ߶ʲô˵ˡ

ֻ˵
ֻʲôżʡ
ǱҪ˵ˡҪеࡣ
, ˵ˣܸϽȥ

, һŲӿ컨˰ûǮ, û
һҭջأĴأ
һ̯⼸Ϊƽۣųȥˡɽ˾ͱƽ˾ָһ, ˰ϣҪˡ

ջΪ, ǡɵġԭΪ˷λ󣬲òɲϷ˵оĿڴ˾
ֻڣǣʹʹ׽ɱһֱ˳ûõԼ³

ΪҲ˲ˣһ֣ȵϣ
Ǹ˵شӦˡȻ˵ǡϡǾû㻹˭˿סϱͨ·ס͢Ĳء

һαǮɱǰɽ˾ƽ˾ˬöˡϾǿ֮
ַֻһ¡Ͱȥġң
Ѵһʲôӣ̫ˡ˵ش飬λ֮Ѿûˣ͸ˣ
ν鴿Ǽأ
Ϊأ
ʱһץһɱλˣ

ǰ˼룬ǲȥӣ⼸ʹȥ塣
ǰԟRһ⼸ǰֻԟRˣ޴ͷأԵͦظӦˡ
ѵøԵҲΪΨճݣܴ
һúϵЩǽͷݺúÿ

ΪʲôԼȥһʵϣԟRҲסǶ˽ˡ
ԟR˵ȥ
áԟRͷȥ
ʣô죿
˵

ʹӸǰ˵ǧ֮áأһסʿô죿
һܰɣ
˵ôܡסӴرӣүͶԺүҪǮҪүöҪôɣƾӣһȡ

ɲǣǡ
˵Ҫ룬ôأүôͲܼһ£ȥ͡
Ҳͦ˽Լ׵ģһ׹ζˡ˰
ǰ˼룬Լݹأʧûͳ̳ˣҧһ磬ȥ棬˵ҡкˣ

ֻߵõĹ֪Ȱ˾Ǿͱд֮ˡѾүǰʧΣĹӮˣ򲻿ʧ˻ᣬүʧ
ϴ󲻸ˣԼȥȥʧҵôܺǮУ¡һתˡ
ԭվƬ̣̾

֪ˣԟR죬ǸԽܸɵˡҪ˾ͺˡ
ǮʮǿɣĹ߻ûⷽرвܵˡ
ŶߺܶˡԟRҲеĽܸɵˣ˵СĸɵСʱ

ԟR¶Ȼ΢ЦСϲ
ߵ˶ʹǸ˵ûǸҩԟRúܡСÿСͿģСѵССԼ׽㶼ʮֿЦɰ
ԟRҲǸӡ

ȴϲͱšʲôˣòˣֲ๡
ԟRЦ
Сܣõôһӣڶ˯һӡС쾭壬ҲԟR롣
СܵûƢƫСԻķڷΪ꾪Ǽ¡֪ԟRһͺЦ
ǣһһ

ڶһ磬յҹԻˣкһҹ
ϵʮ־ʡ
Ҳʮ˽Լӡ㣬˵ϳɳأ㣬ʵǵС΢
ԡҪȻǰһĵĳôͰͷתǰٳءָʲô˵ʲôˣɵرʾһҪء

ĥĥָؿ˳˳ȻԼҲ̰ҳǼȻӸеʧ
˾ô˫ġ

һǿ˳ȥ棬ʣǴ粡ˣ˭ȥ壿
γ˲ֹһӡϣҲͷƵĲ
Ϊ綼ʹǰ͸ڷ磺үԼҳǣȥҪףҲͲȥˡ
һȻ˵ˣȻʹ綼ȥȻ˵Σգ˵ǧ֮ӣá
ʮϧԼء

ڴʱԟRԽڶȥɡ
һ
ԟRһɫԲۣͷڣϵһʮ档
ԟRĲʱɫ㣬ĶȻòɫԽôһվٷ磬ϲ
ݵʶȣԵֵܶȥˡ

̾һοǱȥɡҺú壬ر߽ʮ࣬Ҫ塣
ԟRͷ֣ȥ

֮СĲӶɣЩ⡣
üô
ʵֻԟR꣬ӶأȻԟR˵

ԟR˵ԭӴģֻҴҹԻ˶ӣкһҹˣˡ
һסڽУʳ϶ôܳԻˡ΢΢һ

ǰûʹǼ죬Ҳ۲ˡϸǸϺ꣬ı㣬ʶϵʱв֪ڿ֪ǷȱЩʱһֱңҲ˿ͻ󣬵ΨΨŵŵԼˣ

ʱԟRҲû⣬ԟRǸӣӻԵĸ硣ִأ󿴵
ֻʱ²ٿƱȵ˳Щֻң֬أһǽʳġ

һȻһ˿ġ
֪أԟR;ĪգƽһΣ
ǰЩ㡢ųƻƵģ¶˿޵ݡ

ԟRǿŽи˵Ļеλˡ
ԟRҲ塣
綼ҳǣңݸңֶӸӣˡ

ͣҪôҪôʮرĵģ͸ʮʮҲеġ
ԟRͳأ㲻ͷˣ͵ɡ
ԟR˵ϴ󲻿˵ٶˡ
ԟRһҭֻ񣺡ر塣

ִҲͷ˵Īѧȵۡ
⻰˵ãԟRӦҲǣӦҲǡ
һͷҪߡ

ԟRıӰڳǽ֮ңսǺ˾Ķǣĳҡ
һȥŴټ
Ѱв뾩رģ˭ʵۣŶǣǡıȨҪԴ

һΨһĻᡣ
ԟRӿһ嶯֮£ǰһ壡
תͷȥ
ԟRǰһͷ˵գ˸⡣ˣΪʲôҪرȥ

ʵǸѾֶߣ˸Ц
ԟR֪ĺܴΧ˵ҲʹһĴһôһλᣬԟR׿˵˵
ֶһ⣬㣬Ϊʲôȥ

һģʵǲһġ
Ϊʲôȥǣȥ
ԟR֪Ϊأʵǣλ棬ѵҪ𣿱һʱʧЩ϶ӱ£ȶ˴λıոʧͱĺ£Ҳġ
ԟRʵǣΪʲôľ
Ŀӳڣһؿֶһۡ






82.   82    ɽ

82 

, վǰʱԟRȻЩȡ
࿴ˡ
뾩˴޳࿴, ˡ˭ȥ

Ƭ̣ʣǲƽһ뿪㣿
ԟRϣǡ
жΧƵģگ뾩, Ҳ뿪ءξ˳죬¹λ, ԟRһûлῴһ֮ľɫ

ֻһطţʱ˱˾֮ܡ
ҵһ뿪, ܷȥ
·Ͽһ·ȵ˱, Ҳˡţǿ, ҵ뷨ӽǿʸĸ, ߣؾȥ
Ҳվġȥ, ֻرζֱֿЦ

ڱʮ, ڶһ¡˵ڼຮ֮, ֮ϣűԭǿײʮֹĺ²бĴڣԭʢ, ̫ƽ
Ǵܵıκ˵˽˭䣬ҡ

һߺƺƵԟRҴ˴뾩Ϊ˽һ˽Թ
Ƕ֪Ը׷ңΪҶսҲܹǡ
漱Ϊҵ˽Թ̰ģ±ʧأߡңͲ챱ˡ

ǰɣֶ̫࣬ҲϤеŪԟRС
ԟRǡ
Щת֪֡Ծһ˵ģûб߽ʿѪ˭ȡ
ϵ÷ſſĹڿԼĲӡ
λߣһ㡣

ԟRãһ˫֣סǻǣذǿдˡ
˴ûйĿԶ֮С
ǣֶתԟR˵꣬Ȼ絴ƣ֮£ѿڶ壡ֶܡܺǯƣ

˵꣬;ˡ
ûǴλأǵҲֻǵշǳھ˵ʵ˵󻰴ţƤɡ
ĺܣЦɡ

ûгЦԟR
෴ؿ˿ԟRȻ˵ָҡ
ԟR΢£ʶȥƽ죬ĳϡݶӶ


͵һЦǰһưĴסԟRֱӽ־ˡ
ԟRûӦһƻģɽ
⡭
ԟRͣˣ

ס֮ԡ
ߣͣԟRת֣л¡Ϻߣս֮ˡ
˵꣬ٲ£ʹ󽫷һﶯ˸ߵ̳¡¡ȥˡ

У󽫵ֶУ̫֬ˣġ
ﳤģ
󽫵أһΪǸСͻأϹһƬġ

˵ѵ߹ȥзһ֣ɵرܿˡ
ٳֵû˵Ϲɶ㿴ֶӣߵˣͿſ֬أ죡ˣ

ȴһˡ
󽫣棿
˰ˡ
󽫻ȻֲáֵãˡҼǵСʱù

̫ءǴˣ
ֵСʱԭûáȥ˾Ӫžȱˣ϶ٶ̫Ѱ˿źңҲ

Сʱȥˣԭûʲô˾Ӫմ򽻵Ķ׳յĶɣ˲ͬ
˿ٻٿ׵ģŤ֮
ССĸױᣬԼຮ֮أУױܲҽڰӪסЩ˽ӰԼ

󣬱㲻ҪǷˡ˵˼ΣǱ߱㲻ٸˣԼҲ˽ˡ
ֻŴǰȥһЩˣŸϰˣϾǴǰźĸˡ
󽫱˵ţ߱ȥˡ

ԟR̳۾˼£̲סʹ۾Ŀȥ
ˣԟRһ
ͦӢΰӰʧԟRһ̾пػƽ

ȴûƽʱӦ
ԟR΢תͷȴҲԶȥ̳Ŀ⾹ճյģ
ʮ߲žˡ飬޴һ⣬˵ҲܳΪҵΰӡ
ֻڣˡ

ԟRԻһϧֻһƽ
ѡֻѾʧ̬ɴ಻ΣֻۣӦڡ
ᣬȴԟRƽϲŭӲ¶żʧ̬¶飬ԟRϲ
ԟR֣ңʧķ򣬸̾壬ﰡ
Ĭãһ

ԟRʣǼ
̧ۣҵˡ
ԟRЦ̾ǲǣ
ѡЧҵˡ

ѽԟRЦˡ
űȻ˵Ķԣ߳ǣǲĿԼǰжЦ
˵
ԟRҲǿֻƽԺЦ֮£ҡ
ףԺֻ¡

ԟRһЦ
ȴûг
Сǣչʣ磬ôˣ
ɽᣬõ˰ɣ
Сʱ䣬ɣ

ͷһ㣺Ҳͦãƽƽľͦá
Сû֪˵ʲô
ɽ˾ǣ¿ÿһʱʱСȥˡɽµİٻ

ͦ˵ȥ˻ֻءŶһ
˳˽¸С˵ôأȥǰ˵ūúˡô
СȻ
ͻ˳һǴС׵˽ˡﳤ󣬴δΪūΪܹ

Ƕ뾩棬ɽǡֻɽӪˣҲûȥһۡ
СҲտڲˡ
ذɡ

С룬ôһˣŮ֮иˣΪ˼һ棬˵һ仰ǧҲˡ
ϧŮ϶ôһˣΪǧ
ӵｫȥ˽ˣϣĿˡĽ¹һ˿Է

ֻ֪¹ûУʱ˵Ҫ׵ģ϶˰ɣڻûޣ綼üޡ
Сһ뵽¹վҪ޸ˣʮֲˡ
Կ˳˵ԺֵܼϢˣҲţȢһңʮ檣һɫļӣǣ

˳Ц
ֻЩ̫ңԶ£ء
ʹս⼸£ǵķѹԵת󲿷˶
һ֮˴ǰӡƫƨˡʱֻʣѡҪôҪô

ۿŴôеģŻܣΪԼңú²춯ˣʵںܲѡ
ôⲻ⣬ʣΨһһѡˡ

ֻڸϺּ꣬ۻۣȽ˵
˵ˣϲ񣬵Ҳˣʼ£бһ££
⻹Ŵˣڸ󲻾ܰȵǻԼҲá
ɱˣƣ֮ʦնѾ˶ˡ׳ʦڶ

ַϭģָȶͬ㶯Ϊ㩣Ϊʧ¡Եճ֮Ҫ־ܣȥ̫
Ȼɡ
򲻹򲻹
ɣҲġ

ۿŴʵûѴвΧ˴
Ǳʹˮ̬ΪҲô˭ϵսͰˡ
Ŀɿڴš

佫̾ɽ׷Ŵ°
ܻڣûɢģ˵ıҲˡ
Ψʵսõ
ɽҲ̾ˣᵽʲôо
࣬ȴõũ򰡡

սܣֵžžش˶
Żȥľܰգһսˮ֮СһͼذΪ˴λʲô߲ˡ
̸ճ͵£Ϳ˭ȭͷӲˡ






83.   83    ̽

83 

ˮȵĽ, һֱ̫ƽֻͨ۵, ȼ㲻ũ
ܵ˵ټٲȷʵĴӱߴĸСϢϵ˻Ǹлġ
ϱͨ·Ϊ, ȷǽս˽ûʹ֮ϡƾһ, ʿ͸ж

µʱ򣬽½, ½˵Ϸޥѵ빫½档⽫Ϸ, ΪЩϢҪ
ɽʦʱѾ뾩ˡԭҽگ, οѾ½߶ϱ

ޥһǾǲôˣ
ʹ, ;Ӫδ롣ƽ˾ɽ˾ûоȥǵı̫ˣڸ򷢻ȥֻѺٻʱ򣬱ƽɽĶָʹ, ںͱ˺Ǯ£ߡ½˵, µ׵ĵϢ˻ˣڸѾִ֡ôӦǲȥ

о, ϱͨ·ˣϢݱȴǰѵöˡ಻ʵļϢġ
½õϢշתӺѺ̽, 档ֻõ֣Ҳǰˡ
ޥ֪Ϣ̽ף֪ˣ⻽֪ʮָмվ񣺡лף͸ˡ

ϱٿɰԴź󣬺ӡദöܺá쵽Ϸ밲½ÿջؼʱиоϷƺȴǰˡ
ļѣѾǾʯȹӡ½һ֪ⲻӵƷζ£ȻǶϱɫ
Ӳ޲죬ԼȤԼ˵ҴôҶˡСǣԭЩ

ȷûдǰɫţͻȻϲ˼֣ʵ˿Ҳͦġ½ҲˣʱֻһšҲϲϲ쾢ˡ
ֻЦҡͷ
Ͼ꣬ﻪ£ѩŲ׵Ľ׶Ρ

½΢Ц
½˵԰ķҪԼԼ
ޥȻǡ
½½ֻϱ֪ͨʲôʱܽ⣿
½˵˵¾ʹˣ¹ȥˣ·ûҲû¾λگ֪ûĵȰɣڸܿס棬ʹûαС

½˵ͷޥ˵ھǵĸ׵ʱּܹǡ
ĸõģޥ飬ԸΪģֻ֪ҶþСûϵġ
½˵û£׼ҹҲúøһ
ޥЦŵл½һˡ

½ɫʣɫͦõģɫ󡣡
½һЦ£ѾͷǺޥһͶ˳
½Ȥö겻ˣ㵱úܺõģʮߡϱӮ㣿
½ʧЦˣϱʮͶʮء
½ȣȣ

½˵ޥ֣׼øʲôƵġ˵Ͷڣʮ֮аģ
½Ц佫ҵĹŮ
½ҲһЦ
ɷæڹ񣬶רѧӹ޲ƽˮȢ˶ϱ趼˵Ϸ˺üͦá

ϷС֡
½ʣǲģ
ޥЦûа
½üһװ

ޥͲװˣס½ֱۣͷͷߣ
½ף΢̾οڶһأҲϾͷſͨҲ˵ء
ޥһǵ䡣
ʵһŮҪʽ֮ĸڳĻʵź

½ͷͷ˵ʱúõذһ
ޥ̧ͷһοЦ֪ĸ׸ղ˵ˡңѹһͺ
ŬزùŷΪģɨء

½΢΢ۡ
ЩڣúĸΪһЩ˽ģޥغͼ˷롣ĻСءǿģ˾С
ԭŴţñǡʱʶһŮ˵ĸ׵λӣ˿
ֺʵУʵʲôáϾľѳۡ

½תƻ⣬ɢޥעֺĸʲôˣ
ޥһƫˣϽҫͶҴɱķء
½롣
ޥģ
½š

ޥգһ㿴
½ʣУ
ޥûءĸ˵׼һ
½ǣ֣С

һȥɽ
ޥʵ³֮ǰҲ꿼ǹҪҪ΢ŷˮϾɩǰĸ˵һҪӡ
½бСʵڿأҿ
ޥû

½ʮа/ţͶ˵ĻܺˡֻҲ벻ޥʮͶʮС
ޥο˵Ҳ
½
½ס߳ưܵġ

ޥ̧ͷȻڽţͷ˱ȡ
½ʣ
ˡޥ˵ˣȥȹӣӶųôվԱߣûƵģ
½ҪЦסͷΪҲ˰Сϡ
ޥ֣Сϣ

ϱɽ÷̫ʢޥԡرɿڣñľˮģһرóԡ
½͸ˡɽԺ齣ִֿ󡣵Ѭ㣬СԺ÷
극ʳɽӺ;ƣкõʹϲС档

󡣡ޥ˵˯ʮ˰ɡ
½¹ŵģϯضϰףѾҲˡĴҲáҲáӵӣʵǹʱӺﴫˡʱкʡ

ִɽܡʵǿԺܷزװġ½￪дѵʱ򣬲ŻܶڳԺΧˣ⼫ˡ
ޥĽʲôУŶˡ

½ʧЦҲ⡣ǹɥ֣ۣƼŮĳŽΧһء̫ŮģҲȡȫŮ춼ûôšٵȵȣȾǱ¾ȥ档

½ŵһޥ˶ҪˣģģҪβͣҡˡ
½סȻҺһô
ޥţܺȵģ

½֪ܿޥܺȡ
ʵڲô½ȵǵ滨ףּ̰ʱѬѬȻˡ
Ҫȣ½ȥ

ޥҪһˣ˵½Ļ
½ЮסЦС̰ͦ
λξѣƫͷ߸ߵأԼС

յ
½صԺӾͻ˼ԭɫϸ£׵ҲǼġˣڲ֪ʲôʱɿˡ
ͷһѴľƾ㵹Уˮ䣬˳Ųѡ
ޥ۾ǾҺĿ½޳ĺϣžҺ䵽Ǿµϡ

Ϊʲôһӵ˺ÿ
ֻ½Եǲÿ
ﶼÿ΢յۣͦεıҺĴ򢡭
ޥգգۣøЩ

Ҫǲ·ͺˣܿú
ޥ֣߬ס½½
½¾ѣͷһǲֵֿ֣ۡ

ĿƬ̡
ޥЦһˮżĻŮˡıܡ
˵롣

½ͷȥһƬɸ
ޥ۾ӹġ
Ȼһ½ֲչľѣҲǱġȵļӴ㼤һƬƤ

ޥ׽ס
½Ĵ̧һִۣӡ
ˣ̽
Ѱˣס






84.   84    

84 

½ֺͬˡޥ΢΢
ɫѾ, ¹磬ʡޥۣ½ܵ۽ޡ
ֱ۾

ѾǶ֪㵽ȥ, ֻԶĲԺﲻ֪˹·ֻƵġ
½ĲۣӶڿǡ
ûϵ, ķء

ޥԼһƯСҡҡλ, ȫɼ½ƶˡ
ȥĵطңԶδ֪Ī, ֽ
ûϵݹ, ϹãϺ񷨡
ʻﶼԡ

ֻƫ˲شϡ
صؿһ, վ£˵춼, ԰Ӷ࣬ٷҪȻȥ
ߡ
Ŷߣ

½Ҳо, ӲĿŪÿЦãޥ§ڻ, Ⱥ֪ˣһ
ͨ, Ҵҵ˵ˮȥˡ
ԵѾȡЦ㵨󡣡
õ۾ǲȻô죡
ܲܿ͵Բɡ

֪Ķԣšޥ½§Ż½Ĳ, һҲſ
½ãӱѣıģˣȥˡ
ޥ˲䣬ŵҧһڡԭ֪ҲǿԱ׵ģղ½ӣ֪ˡ

½ĺһϢ§øЩ֡
ҧ֣ͷҧһھͳˡ֡ˣ
ޥѧղŶģϺݺһڡ
½һڣ飬ݺסޥЩʧǡ

ֳһۣүˣűˡ
صؿһ
һԶԧ졣
ޥ°ˣͷһŷҸ´֪ʲôʱ򾹱½⿪һֲҪܳء

κ죬æϵ´δɢֻţ´Բ롣½治ɫذϵ´齣ЬӰڽϣһϱܲ·
Ȼܡޥû
ûʲô²ۡȥޥҷˤš

½̫ģɡǴ
˵ţվޥǰϥȥ
߸˵طޥſ½ıϡޥ§ס½ĲӣЦء

½ͨѾߡѾǱ㺰ƽۣƽҲ˵
÷ǰ棬ƽ۸ں档½ޥм䡣
û԰ӣ԰·ƵۣҲƽ⾳Ÿˣϵˤ˿ɲǺ£Χ
ͬʱͨԺ԰ӣҪ£԰ԺӵĴһˡԭдˣΪŴԺֱȥ԰йͲõ··Զƽƽģˤӡ

ͨԺǹŵġƽ۹ȥţֵҹӸţǹӱٷˣ΢΢ľƽ̽뻳ץ˰ͭǮ϶Ц
½Ժ˴ŽԺһ·ޥͻԼԺӡ

ޥһ·ϣ䲻ҶȴϰѱǼյ½ֻ䡣
½һ·嶼ڵģޥǽϺݺҧһͨ
ĬĬŵǵ׻ж죬һ·ڰޥͻԼڴϱ˳ȥˡ

ӼӴһ˵ػˣ
÷ЦӴźȵġ
ѾͷЦޥһţͷЦ
ѾͷЦøˡһҸϴһȥѾͷʹЦŸȥˡ
ޥߺţ۾½˵Ҳ֪˵ʲô

½ˣޥѾˣҲϴˣ˷ˡ
ֵҹ˯̤ϡ˯ţýѾȥߣ
ߣ
ޥ˵˵

ʵ¼ҵʱûôءɽ˯ǰֵҹʱǶǸޥһ˯ϵģм仹ܸһſ½ҹشôһŰβӣСƵģѾҪ˯ڽ̤ϡ
ǰޥһУҲȥˡ

Ѿһˡޥϣǿ۽磬ɲǰԵˡ
½ˣ衢裬ǼйصˡǹزǸѵ⣬ǴְСȣУµ·
ڵĿ꣬ǽҪһĹ裡ɲǰˡ
л˵Ҿأֲ˵

ޥͰأѹ̣Բô£֪𣿡
ߣȿȿȿȿȿȿȿȣ
ޥû°ɣ

Ǯʹؿڼ£ǿڿˮȥ㬵ô֪Ҷûء
ǰڱЩ˵Ļ绰Լ֪ǸĵطйصġޥථЩô£Ҳ
ޥʧ

߶˶١
ȻңһءҲﲻסʣ֬ôó𣿳ȥġ
Ѿͷķ֬ˮȻûޥĵκá࣬ҲǱױġ͵͵ģе𣬵ôҲȲǺó԰ǣμĹǡ
ֻﱧһԡڴμûѾͷź򡣿ʱλòãˣӰӶͶֽˣ˿ˡ

ޥһЦ㲻
óԵǿֻ֬࣬ǽ§ֱۣҪһ塣ֻȴûءʲôѽ֪½ϵжء
ޥ⡣
ߣ

ޥűˣһúÿģ㿴ĸ˵ҾͰ޹ȥ
ū澵ĻŮĻɸĸһй֮һޥʸ˵

ߴգ˵˵㣬ôϣ
ޥˣ
סͷ
ޥýѾ㲻ѽ͸ù𣿡
߷ޥɿţȥһְŴأ½֮ǰ˵ʲôˣ˵˺һء

ߣǡ
ޥι
ߣ˯
ޥߣѾ
ˣúøѡ
ޥ
ߣ˯

ڶչޥúáˣ˼Ӹģ
ޥˣô
޴룺߽õġ
ޥⶼǸǲŴģ

½ظޥװӡʮᱡ͸ҲģޥʱƣģʲôҲ֪ôġ
СҼб󶼲ˣֻԽĨأ¶ǰҲ¶һЩ졣ֻѻĸ˲ŻڴĻӡɩϴ½Ҳ
ޥһֱãֻе͵ĸ˲Ż촩ء

˵Ҳȣͦ͸ģðɣеȣҲڲϵĺۼ
ޥĪϲӣʲôۼ
ӡ÷ֻȥ߿ŷ̾˸о

ޥĪоգˡѩ׵ĲϾʢһһ÷Ƶġ
ޥԾʲôѽ
Ӷðɣ
ޥţǵñӶѽҲʶؾȥȻһ£Ȼ׹ˣ
⣬½Կгѽ

ޥһɩϣô촩졣
½ˣΪʲôÿιϷڶʹ죡
⣡⣡⡪






85.   85    

85 

ǰһ½ǡϷ, һ½Ҳ˱ɴӡ
ϱӣ½ȻȻ治ɫޥ۾̧, һ۶ǲ顣
ԭҲǻİ
СҼҵģ֪ǡ

, ½Ϊֻܵȥ, ȥдְɡ
ޥи񣬵ǡ, ȥҼ䡣
½εؿ˿, ϱȣǸ⡣Ҫôĥĥ, 롣

½ˣޥһ, ͼˣô֪ҴӣԼ֪ڵһء
Ҳиӵģֻ½ﳣĽ, ڵһߣ¶һ, ޥܳġ
ˣ

½ں˼ңʲô
ͬǼˣЦһ䡰˶ˡͬ, ʮҲУСġˣû˭С֡

ޥ޷ޡ
½ЦЦں, ҲԲڡ
ޥˣôܲں˿۹ⶼǹֵֹģЦ߶ˣ
Ϊʲôͬ£ֻŮ˾ߣ˶أ
Ϊʲôˣ

ֻ½ʮ֣׽ԶƵġ
ޥĪôˣ
½ʲôôˣ
ޥûôҲ˵ôҡĻֻܺߺߣû¡
̧ۿ½һ˫ۣܺǺЦܺʲôƵġ


½Цյ
һֱԼǸܺõˣ֪Щʧء
ҲΪޥýȢӣԭͺϷһҡ
ֻԲҲûˣܵʱĸܹܲڱѿ̻ǵ̡

Ҳû뵽Ѿͷƽʱɰ浽ǵʱ򣬱¶һȻ̬ʵǹˡ
Էһ½ʱźޥľɡ
ÿӾˡ

ֻǵദܶôãܵһЩȫĥϵĵطϾûƬһҶҲûȫһˡ
οȫһļͥܲһѬգȴһעҪһ°뱲ӵء
ìܻۣ籬
½˲˼ĥĥޥӣһЩû뵽죬ޥĵߡ

½ƽ۰ѻԺ֪ޥ½ͬﲻؼ÷ˣޥԼ˷
쳤극춼šƽʱСҵʱ⣬½ޥһˡ˻ʳԺ춯ԭ֬أޥǸӿǽûˣԼˣȹӹ˸ӣˡ

ޥһЦ
˵ĳǳ⣺㶯ٷǲǣԼһ֪ô°ɣ
֬˵ģίίóءһӾʧȥˡٷˣôɣ
ѾͷǶЦ֬ԴЦ

ޥǹأģʱԼ
ұܿޥžһ飬ѿ֮
ÿأ
հҲùˣпʱ䡣Ҿ¿ޥһöǲӰ
֬СȻţĳţҲޱˣֽкá

ֻʱ䣬ǴһĻƶͣ˵ʱˣҲˡ
ū澴ޥԺǰչδҲҽȥֻվſڡ
ٷһˣƯˣյġ̲סк·һ𿴡

ȫûʲôǰھҲ˭ˣҸյ⡣úȻΧۣ˽кá˲³սд裬Ҳǳġ
ġ

ǽ½Ů˷ֱຼ½Һݼңǽϴ塣
Ӻ÷Ⱦãȥˡֻ˶ˣ䲻ߡϾٷ˶û˵ʲôزǡ
÷ˣҪšֻֻǶѾ߶ѣЦأϴӦţﲻߡ

ž̫
ӡ÷ǶȣʵϱνһȴѾͷȿ׵öˡֻΪ޹ģռͷһݣǸޥ档
÷ҪǾ²ãȻ䲻õĵδ֪ΪʲôãСĥϣ
ţͣޥٷȱˣǸûŪأŪ档

ޥһʣŪʲôȴ߸ʹɫ
һ𳤴󣬴СޥҲ֪˶ٴڻˣĬеġޥ¸ĿڣŶǸС
ѹӽƣš߽ˡ
˲ſɢˣ˵˵ЦЦضˡӺ÷š

ޥݱʣôˣ
߰䣬ŵҲ֪ͿǺˣо̫á
ޥ룬˵û°ɣҲûʲô
ߵ֪أ

ܿ˽ޥ߱ʣղôأôˡ
ӡ÷һۣأ̫ٷˡǺˣǵġ
ԭޥһĵҵôءǿûʲô
ŮأʲôھΧ۵ĿŮٶء

Ӻ÷ĶӣЩΪѣЩ̫˵ڣҲЩѾͷ˵ǵǳݸߵ˲ȥ˵ġ
֮£ֻܲˡ

ио߶ޥе̫˰ɡ
ʵˣޥƮء
Ҫ֪ǰޥɲӡʱݣôСǰڿջʮ춼û
׺Ҳǣѭ浸أಽΨʲôطòòԣ߲½ҵĹˡ

ôھôأ
ʵһ룬׹ˡǣ˳áߵð
ֻޥ޹ȴ֣˶Ǽõģټ棬źͷºֿݡ˵ϱʵںܳˡ
˭£ƮοޥֻһС
ƴţͽѵĽС΢ˣе¼ұǸˡ

ֻ߱˵ˣޥҲû⡣ĸͷôأƽЩСµġ
ޥȴˣÿ˶еߵġ
½˵ĵǹأͳһݶӦеź档
½ٷ˱͸ˣƵΧ£õز½˵ĵˡ
ǡʱ½˼ţĥĥޥⲻ̫ȵӵĵڣǣײˡ

½ˡ
ޥоˡޥǰȻƽȴȻܾöû˵
ַϢ̫ˡ
ޥϴˣ͡ǰûʲô͡ҲûʲôԺעˡ

½˵·׷Ժܡ
½˵֮󣬲ų̾һһκͺɸ֡
ޥʧˣԴ촹ؿȥˡ
һǶĺܺãǲԸ⿴еʧġʵʮֻ̿֡

½̾꣬ǣ°ɡ
ޥ£ͷø͡ǣ˵ͷʹˡ¿ɺãʧˣ½Եи
ʮֵغڡ

룬Ѿ͸ÿ£Ҳǹؾվһӡ˭Ц֣˭ұ
ôͳ÷Ҳ䲻ˣ
ȻΪйص˱㽲أŲص˱㲻ء

½͸˵ˣӲ߲ȵͶūͱԡʱΪԺׯ¶棬ū˶˼ء
Щ˼ȫˡ
ޥھǣغڡ
ˣôǰڼƵĲء

½˿˿Ȼ̧ҿ
ߣҲǺŭޥžƵģ䲻̧֪ʲôǹԹԵؾ̧ˡ
ȹӻһЩ¶һ˫ЬĽѾЬžµĻϻ׺ɫʮֿɰ

½˿˿ʣûаŰɣ
ޥʲô
½˱΢΢ȹգһֻ
⶯ɱޥŵöˣԭҪ찡

㿴ҵģȣܿʲôͬ𣿡½ʡ
ޥ۾ϸؿˣ濴ˣĸ׵ĽšϸǺϸǳ
½˵ͷΪСòţгˡԵʱ򣬱Ҳ滺̬ȻȻؾͲͬ㿴裬Ҳŵġ

Ҳ΢΢ȹӣޥĽţҲϸվޥǰһˡ
ޥһֱ֪½˺·̬رţ˵ģµζֻģϰɣѹסٶȡһ½ʱ򣬾Ϳĵñıܽεһ㡱

ޥ֪ԭ·ģ׵ѵ֮⣬йأ
½˵֪·ֻʹҪƽ⣬ȫ״̬ȻȻرÿ

ǺúһֻѾҪôأղźһ조ʲôġ
ޥ˲õԤУǡ⡭
½ԭڿĥĥءҷˣҪıǵóȡıҴææʧ˷ǣʧͳ

ޥ½˶Ǿûжġ
ˣ𣬸Űɡ
ֵУӣԺ󲻿ˡ






86.   86    

86 

ڶһ, ½˵˰ŵ¡
ûȥϷֱȥޥԺӡƽʱʱ䣬ޥıش̨ӭ, ߽μѾͷüֱֱء

ǽѾЬû, ֻӡҲƽʱôغ, Ͱ͵ؿ
½ü߹ȥ, ȱ£ʣŻ𣿡
ޥడá˭ĽѾѾܺð

½ʣ˵, ûЦˣ
ͬȥԾ, ûйޥ֪ͳ¡
ޥԴˣҾ͡˹Ӷѡƽʱʱ, ûҲš˭֪кܶſڿġ÷ǣҲߡ

Ȼ½˾֪ˡ
һĵҷ, һ﷢飬ָƵġѾ͸ǿ, ȥ˵ٷˣñнյĻÿء
һ䣬½˶ŭ
˵⻰Ѿܷˡڸ˶˵Цˡ

½ؿһۣ֪ˣ
ޥͷԵأ֪ˡ
½һۣסĽšޥ˻һ
½üۣ
Ȼˡޥص, һԡ

˵ţԼĽţ졣
½˵ҿ
˵, ӡŮӵĽʮ˽ܣޥе㲻˼׽ס˽ϸϸؿ

֧ϼװ˱͸ϸɴɳ档ճ͸
Ů˵Ľżһչ⣬ѩס
ޥĽʵѾòʵȡ°ٻĳȻ°ٻǸӴ壬·ǸָˣǷʱòɫˡޥ㶼һ׸

ɫĲֺʼƣһȦȦһֻСѾýġֻ¶ֺ̫ѪҺͨúġ
½һüͷվȥĸ˵
˵žҪȥޥæקסӣվסվסʲô

½ⲻеģѪӵ£粻ͨк
ֵ£ĸײǲˣֻҪռ˵
֪֪ޥ£ܡĸ

½ˣޥ֪ԼѰŵˣ½˰ˡ
ŲסģѪͨ·߲ˡ
ޥԣµظվס̣һ̣̲ס˵ȥĸǰ˵Ҫ˵ҲԼ˵

½ü
ޥͣڲûôãоͲ塣
ֻǾã½֮£½ͷȥܾáᱻ½˿

ֵĸоܶؽԼ£һζֻڷ÷ǰ棬ᱻƲأ
žôһ˰ɡȻദŲС꣬ޥʮֵƶ
ޥСͱ·Ǹˡ½ҲǸˣЩֵ뷨ͬ˵

½£ޥֱ˵оġأ㲻ͷϳ壬ɵʵϴܷһôʵˡԭ˵һʱģͼɰʱˣԭ˵һǮģͿ۰ˣȻûǮԭȶ㡣

½ⶼʲôʲô
棡ޥҲȣСʱ򴳻ôأ
½Ҿʹû
ޥ
޷ͨأСǡúӡľ


֮ޥڲǸĸ׶ŸɵʱҲȥ˵
Ŷ۳ˣһ˫۾Ȼ
½Ƭ̣ʣô죿

ޥĸ׷£˵̫꣬ȣҰšˣȰţܲ˵
ֻĸ׻ңҪҲˡһ˫۾ֱ½½Ҹ˵Ҹ˵ʵǲܵġǾܰʮĹµġ

½Ǵĸ𣿡
Ϲ˵ʲôأôˡޥ㶼˵ˣĸǸˡҴġֻǲͷϸŸɣҵ졣ҹԹԵţûôˣȥ

½۾ﾹ˼ڴ뿴ޥĸ½ˣôġ
˵ʵ벻⻭档ҪΪޥ½ˣʵڲһ·ġ
½֪һųϰߵĲ죬һЩìܻۻᱬ׼ֻû뵽ķʱȴûԤô⡣
ûɥԹߡ
෴ޥء

ƽۺȻژ滽ӡ
½ʣʲô£
ƽүʹ˻ȥء
֪ˡ½ȥ

½ȴûޥ¶Ľֺ
ޥЩߣ׻أȥȴ½ԭǻûȥĸ밲ֱˡ
½Ҳأ﷢ʲôҲ֪
Ҳǡ
Ȿ£ѧѧԺҲöĿǸõĵҷˡ

½Ҳôʵڣ㷿ĸֿ˱ǡ
ףҲûôͦӵأֻ̫ûо
ޥĳظھ飺ⲻУʼܷʱһҪ棬Ҫģͷô죬š˲ŻһʼͷԵģһˣͲˣӱķ㣬Ҷˡܻס

ƲӲ÷أҪǲˣһ飬ôġҵţٵƹһأĲɿɿ졣
Сʱ򴳹ٻ˷ٴΣǶ²ܽľѵ

½Цáҡҡͷֻ֮ܵɵԼţ̫˾ͲѪͨ֫ʵڲõġ
ޥͷ絷⣬ֳסӣ֪ҲûôɵءҸ˵㲻ܼ˸׻ĸףԼ

½Ŀˮס֣Ӧ֪Ҳ֣
룬ʵڴĸ֪Ѿͷô˼ʹ㣬Ҳڴɡ
̲סֻ֣һˣҲûϵҪڸҡԵˡԭ͸ùˣһġ

ɩҲ˵ܵˣ͸ù˵ġ
ޥȺģصصͷţ
½ſ֣ȥˡ
ȥȥɡޥø׾õȡ

½߳ȥƽѾ˵£ϡ
һ·ţƽ̲ס͵ۿ˿½
˷ٷˣţʵǸС¡ƽ۸ղһֱһء
˺Ϸ֮£ǹϲ¡˺ٷìܣƽ۾ùһáɹأһ·Ƕأ
Ի

Ϸ½Ѿһۣ½˽̸ˣͣ¡
½½Ҫ׼Ҫͣһ
Ҳ⡣

һʵ죬ǿ꣬ߵݴôġһһϲ
¾ǻ£ֵ粢Ǵǡ֮꣬ӿơ
ȴʮ⣬˳һ¾ǻˣȴλˣʲô⡢ʲôƣڵˣܾλ֮ƽϢսңллˡ

Ȼ̫ƽܿƾٱͷϱ񱱷ңǱضھеģϷ仹̫ƽȱһǣ˱ضɣԺе
ۺϿ֣ϷҲͣǣͣǣ֮СԺ۹ʱ½ǰڲϢ½½⡣
ͷ֪ˡ

ʮĹԺԣ겻ʮߣ
½ӳȣ꣬ͷ˵˵ݸϢ˵꣬½½ˣĸ׽տɰã
½˵á

½ԺкȻСʱһ龰
鰸ǰ֡ĸ׺˵
ĸõຼݼҴĸţ˵ݼұţޣҹﻹ͵͵üѲˣþĸʮͷۡ

ʱ˵£ݲŮ֫壬ʵڿɺޡⶼΪЩ˵ȤζŮԲС۲ϡֻɺѾεȻɷ磬ҵУĺޣҲ
½ʰô¡
ˣ˵:ҲûŮŮҲ˵ʲô˼ҲŲ棬黭һòˣǲТĸˣжˣ˼ȢҪһ˫𣿡

ʱ½ѧͻС˵ûʲô˼ɣΪ½Ҳǲס
½ǿǣôС鶼ǵú
ֻͽ㲻ǰ˵ˡȻĶӣȻΪӣȻվ˶ˡ
ЩԭֻŮܻ֮˵ġ

½һ̧ȴǾǹģоЦ⡣
½ü
ޥҪȭƣ̾һʵں½һģһ






87.   87    

87 

½˷, ½˵˵ɫվЪš
ô, ѾĬ½˴δֳʹֻͷ½ȥ
, ½˲Ÿأһ, пϷ

ֻƫ˲ʹ졣
ˮҲڿ, һһһֵؿһ߶һ, Ҳ֪ôˡ
½ˡߡһ
ǡޥԣͷϡ

̧ͷʣٶʲôû˵ô
½˵ûС
˵ǶȥǱˡ
½˵, ȻһֲᣬҲǹ֪֡ʲô, һۣЦˣЦʮֿġ

ƣʲô
С, СʱͦЦԽԽˡЦõ, Ц֣ЦΡЦʮֿģǾͷǵǷǳ˲С
, ȼޥˣ޿֪ܲҲٷ˸÷, ô㲻Ͽİɡ
ζЦأ

½ûص֪
䲻֪ΣȻǽĿ⣬һû˼
̫࣬˼̫ʵûСʱɰ
ԼϱܷأҲһ

衰ǡһ̵ܸ˭һɣСǧúúôѹѹ۸۸
½̧ۣе鵲סװģ
½˵Һʱ۸ѹСҼҵģúˣʲô˼Ůֻ̫ȫûˣ̲ܽˡ

ҲذŰɡ¡
½˵ѾͷйҰ㲻ݺһ£ǲġ
裺ߡ

ﰲһ
һ½תͷѾȫˣ̲סҪǲɵĻ֪Ľɿһ°ɣ
Ǹɵʵͷƽʱôģ˵Ҳأа;ء

½ˣ
Ѿͷȷʲôȷйľͷɵɵذһһҹɡ
ɡ
½еҲе㿴ȥװĵʣû۵̫ɣ

ˮһֱأģûСʱޡ
½˾ʣúܽ𣿡
˵СʱտʼɣҲر

СʱСӼҼҵĹͷģޥôģˣͷ糤Ӳ˰ôܵˣ
½鶼ˣյǸ˵˰ɵ𣿡
㲻ȫ¶ˣСӶأ淣ǼٷһԱ֪㣬ôŵ費˵ƳֻŻǾŻסˡù

½죬ȫˡ
ޥȥˣİùˡҹܽСӣһķ֪Ժշˡ
½˺ݺģֻȥ̫Ըɣܲ𡣱صð죬ôˣжأ˵Ĺźý

ӵϣУţ˵㡣
ҪվѾߡѾ߸Ͻȥ
ѾߵֵġˣЪˡ
½˵ȥɣȥɡ

Ѿ߷߳ϷԺߡ
סڶԺԼסһ䱱Ѿź½͸һˡʵǰִ

¶ţԺѾ߸ĸ˵ҿţ˵鶼õˣ
ղŽȥһۺȻֵģֻ̫죬˻أûҿ
衰ꡱһЦǶɵȥ
ѾĪ

ڶ½˱ȥɻá
½˾̫ã˯ò̤ʵ
ƫߺߣۡ
½ˣ

ȫ½£ֻôһ˸ô˵½Ѿͷۣࡣ
Ѿͷˣȥ£Ͱڰ֣ˣȥ
Ѿͷվȵȥޥȥˡ

½ƽ緹ֱȥԺȥޥһˣֽޥӸ˿
ޥ쾫̫ãȻ˯òãԹˣû˯

½ձ㿴ˣ½ʮа˾ֻŻŻޥҪš
½˺趼зִˣҲĴĥŰޥ
ޥȻģģ½ʮֵֻޥıȵëҲ֪˵ٴˣ˵ŸģȴܲġȷҲи˺úõظѵˡ

ЦޥԴ˵ټһ£ĸ׿㲻ϴһˡ
ôЦôأޥơ˵ɱ˵ϴȻĵġεȷҲҴˣ˾ʹˣ͸ϴҿûвġ
ֻ취Լ̶ѡ

С½˵˵Ķԡ
Ļزסءޥɹôˣ
½ɫҪͣһ
ޥһ㶡
½ұԶ׼Щʱ³

ƾٵޥ̫ܾò̫ԡΪͣӦòʲô¡
½˵һɷнµģרޥҲɣֻ˵Ŷͦõġʱ䲻ˣЩȥԺɡ

½ޥԼĺ˵˵ƭǺЦ
Ц̫ԣޥԼֱ½ˣˣֻû֤ݣֻȱš
½ǰҪʵܾһɡҪ˵

ðɣˣޥҲԭˡüЦˣֲɵ˵˽ңҾͲˡ
顣
½ŷĵˡ

ǰߣˡ
һˡޥǽѾһһҹû
ɵӣƽʱͦѽôͻȻɵʵˣ

ʮޥˡ
ֲܣ½˵ʵǶԵģޥӵȷǵúúõĥһĥеġ
⺢ʮֵغãֻϧûʲôأûкúý̳Ҳ̫ˣϾҪˣỤ̊úݺݵɱһӲС
ڲˣ½˾İˣšôҲܸ½˲̨ġ

۵ʣ۲ۣ
ޥ̡
֡ɱֱ˵۸۰üͷšס˵ҪȻ°һ£΢ɣǸѭ򽥽ġ

ȻޥҪľнĿЧ
һСţʮµ˵ҡʵںú÷˼ˡëʵҲ˵Щˣܲ£ս˿Ц档ĸ׽ҰţҲΪҺáĸ׵һƬģҶףЩҲ̡ҪңʵöЩ

ǰڼֻȥ··ˡ·Ȼ֪Ĺƣǻġţ¾ˡ
Բˬûʧֹ

ˣֻһۣ
ɵӰ̫ʵˣ
İŶǴŮ꿪ʼģжҪˣͷӲ˻ģŻѡ
ôôʵأ

ֻʵﻢ¡
û취֮£ֻȳţĵˡȴָһرˣɿ
ޥﰵЦɣѾʼˡ
ô룬ֵ

ޥ


ϱ
Ҵأ绹ô

ޥ۾ﺬỨôͣǲҪ
̾˿
磬ΪġΪĹġڣҪΪĹϱġע˲һӵϣĵϰ
⺢ӣҪˣȻȥúø߹֪ϱǸʵ۵ɵӡ
ۣ

Ѿ裬ޥӴĿԺӣڵر㵹ˣ
棡
Ҫ簡Žĺأ

ҰҰ졣
ưɣݵ̫棬ڿӰԼˡ
׳ƣ﷭






88.   88    Դ

88 

ݸų˸ʾ, ˰ͣһϢڲǰ¥׷¡
ѧǶĸ꣬ԺĿֱҲͣˣżٰա
½ͼͬ˳, Ȳؼңһȥ˲¥¶ǵӰ졣

صҵʱ, ͷߣ, ȾȥޥԺӡԭΪⶶѾͷܲ˰Ŵأ˭֪߽ԺӾ͸͸Ĵɴڴμ
½Ŷ

Ц˷, 죺ôôˣ
½ǵ˸ʾˣҽ춼˼, Ǿͷ˰١
˵ţ۾ޥϿȥ, ȻͿһųü

̾˿վ˵һȥˡֺܲĵؿޥһۡ
ޥװǿ, Ӳţȥɣĸ˵û, ú÷ʡء
½˿ȥ
̾˿ȥˡ

͸ɴ뿪Ժ, ޥ̾ͳŲסˣ죬ҽ⿪
½æȥ⣺˵Ͳô£
ޥ᣺˭֪費, Ҫ绹أ
½һЦֵһСģ, ɴະ÷㣬ü

÷˼Ӷˮ裬ëҵںͷղǰż
һȦȦ⿪ѩСѾ¶һ˲ޥһ
½࣬϶ˡ
ޥţϴϴһҹء
½أζˡ
ޥ

ҶʹЦ
½ƭģء
ޥϴĨӣۣŰģ˻ˡ
½һЦ
С仹δԲŨŨҵĿţͷ

ֻ˼£ޥܲˡ֫ľ״̬ȥ󣬼ֱһֻҧƵܡ
ˮϡ
ޥޣʲô˴ŵķ̫ˣû˰ģ

½ǼģʻΪһЩӵȤζкŮ壬ʵǰһɡ̫/ʵϽġֻܳƽ̫ãϷֽĸĸʱŮǻֻǽһ˫ŲϸЩһĽǣѾŲùˡǰһຼʱ˵һҵСʮ꣬׷ֻһ룬ʮŮӵĽֻжǻõͣȴ·߲ãҪ˱˳ơС㡯⿪֪γʲôʵ޷ʲôá

ޥˡ
ȡһ£æ½ǰô˲㣿
½ţ㣬ţʲô𣿲зͬѡֻ̫/浱дǡ㡯ʽʢ˲֮磬ȴšԱܿ£̫/λʱҲ񲻾ٹٲġ

ޥ˺ðΡ
ͷһش½˵šµġɲ㡢֪ģ
ǰʮʢеģصʱŮŴ۶ϣԲƶͣԲһ˫Щﶼܿġ
ֻ̫/ʵʮʹ޴˵ȷף֮ʱ򣬱һϽټҡŮӹš

ٱˣټٺ̫/Ե巢֮ĸ׻Ů֮㱻ΣǶԸĸĲТԷ֮󣬲ŮӷŽţҪϹٸµġТ֮ҡֽ¡ʮֵضˡ

±Ч֮ʱ̫/ʵʱ˸Υ档طٻ֯举˳˾ӣרž֮¡أŮӲӴ伣
ʱ˵ʵԭطһ¡˭ţȥӹ̫ãФªϰּˡ

ز˵ޥһ齼Ҫ֪Ҿѹˣ
½˭֪㾹ûƹ˵ˣ˭˵ĸͷҪúϷ
ޥڨڨǲһ¡Ҫ֪žǰǸ㣬Ҿĸ׸ҰġķɲС̫ݲˡ

ʵҲΪ½˺ŻӼ򵥲Ͼ͵ˣİŲ㣬ҪŲöʮֻΡҪޥ׹ˡ
ޥ׹ˣ½˵̫/ܿϸ˵˵

۾ģԾԾԵ˷ܡ
½һˣǹ𣬻ƽ۽ȥ鷿ֺϣһסɡ

ޥ㶵ؿ½ʣҡһСɡ𣿡
аȥʱûע𣿡½Ȼ˵һסʮһʱͨˡ
ɽ鷿ȫӣȫ飬ޥžΣĿϸһһܵȥ

ǲͨ鰡ǡɡȻڹٸ˵ϰղզˡɷⶫʲôʱڰﶼһʥԡرǿӡرһ״ͷ
ޥȥݸǵһ￴Ǽӵ֮ءޥĻһӶôһ
ԣ½ĺأ

½Ҳ֡
ޥ֮ǰ֮ʮַǳġһбǮˣǲ¶ġ
鲻ƿأǴӻʡ
ֻޥ˹
۾̾ȺͳݣؿС컹΢΢ſľηģʵøС

ɵԼˡ½Եػ÷㡣
÷
½ȡһ衣
÷΢в죬½ϵıϲƬжͥɽϾüĵĴۣҪ֡

ϾüᵭʺŮӵĲ衣Ƭζ΢࣬ޥΪ½ŵġ
½Ͼü
÷ȥˡ
½תͷȴޥֱ֧齼ϣڳЦ

½ͷȥ
ޥЦóԳԵأ½ԡ
½յ
ޥ֪֪
½Ų裺֪ʲô

ޥĵʱʹ죬ر½ʱ
ԳЦ֪֪ϲѧʵӡ
½ձûһڲǺǿȥأŶ

ŶʲôŶޥ㣬⼸ô£ΪʲôԶҡ
½ϣÿͬһ÷˵ġ
ޥŲš
ܵˣһԶǸо̫ˡһȾƣ½֮⼸һֱظ־ء
ޥġ

ֻޥٴҲվǸŮӣôҲû˵㶼ҡҲҡ㾱Ѭ㡱ˡ
ߺϣϽԲ
½ͻסһ춼һˣȥȥġ

½ƹ
ޥɵѾͷҪġԲҪġԲضǲһġֻٽô˵ȥȥˡһתͷǲ̫/ȥ˵ĸס
ޥһƫüЦأóɲɣ

½ͷԡ֣ܿԡ֪ǰĲô𣿡
֪ޥ֪ǿʮһʮһ㣬ˣĽ˱úѿ书һ£ǴɿĽšˣʮġº󣬱ȫŮӶ㡣͸̫/ʵһ

½Ƴʣɣ˭
ޥһ£½Ȼ޹ʷʣȻԭġһ¶ѣ˭
ֻޥͻȻһ⣬Ŀࣺǰɣ
ɵ½Ȼѡͨԡνɣʵɣǰָҳ̫/ʵۡ






89.   89    

89 

ԭǰʷ, д˵㻯½ޥ, ͨҶŮԭóҶʮһҿͬİ汾˵һ
һ˵佫֮Ů, һ˵ǰԩĳ֮һ˵Ժ, רϰ衣
֮ʱ㣬ССӳ, Լ㣬Ůװ, ̫/һСˡС̫/һʦϰ䡣ǣ֮̿¾ôɡ֪ˡ

ޥҿһ, ֱӱ߿ʼġʶƣ֪మ, £๦͡˵˻ʵ, ΪʮһﲻԸŮɶӦ, ˭֪˰㣬ʮһ˼жʮһˡ

½Ҳʱ, 棬ǰ˱ʼǺͷ־踮̫/Ǳ֮أһŮĹ, ֳٻĹĹϣھһǽһǷˡ
ô˵󣬻ʵʮһԸ˽ˣޥҿİ汾û˵أ˵˻ʵۺ󣬸׷һӵķšûŮ

д⻰Ȼ̫/ˡƽҵʱдŮȻҪӣԲ½
ŮȻҪӣӣĸסŷʱ˵ĵ±׼̫࣬˿˾Ǵ˵飬㲻ˡ㲻ãᱻٸ

̫/˽ΪλٻҶҶʵʮòս˺ۡӲЩ˺Ϊȴʮֽ黳ԼĽš̫/װ֮ʱҲչʾ
Ҫ֪ǸʱԲΪءó󡣡
̫/˲㡣ֻҼһǰ˱ʼǣ̫/ǨҶĹǣ꣬ȴ⵽һЩϳطԡҲ²⣬Ҷĳķǳ

ޥ޷ޣ˭ѡԼĳɣ
½дߣԲؾڳƽӹߣðλҶźڣδܵȵ֮ձˣ±ɲˡ
ޥ˵ʮӵĸ׶ֻǸļءѵͿˣ

½ȻΪ̫/ʵۺȵ۴Ϊͬ򵥵˵ɣعصΪعص˷С
ޥˣΪҶ̾һ
򻰱ʮһʮమġҲɽ˺ģԼףȴͬѨ;ǣң

Ȼ룬ʱѾĻʵˡĻһ˻ʺӡ
ʮһҶʮһǸʮòµŮӣֲܴܺڡޥʮ֪ҵŮʲôġһ̵ŮӣܾµȥأȻû̫/үүȥ涷޵ġ
Ҳˡ
˵һڷ踮еģޥȴ־ãʵȸ껹ء

ޥȻǻôдʮһమɶδ˵ҪȢΪ޵ġ
˵պΪҲȷΪˡ
ǻҰʷޱʵʷأ̫/ʵŵʵҶʮһء
ҲǷҲǱܾ

Ҳá
ޥ벻ΪʲôɴӲŵΪ޻򲻹ܻʵ̫/涼ǳǰңѪ϶ʮ
ʮһǵȳֻΪΪ檣ġ
ԣˡ
ء

½񣺡١
ޥ
½ʣʲôأ
ޥԼں˼ˡСǰ˼ģĽǶȺ飬Ǻͱ˲һ
æҶ̫/үүء

˵̧ۣ꣬½̲סʵ½ԣʲôأعص֣ǲعص֣
ʵá
½ǳҲû̹ϵ˵ǴΪĳĿĲġΪ£ؿʱعأذְʱҲƶ

⻰Ȧأޥһ£ףյֱ˵ǸعصĲ𣿡
½ȴϳϣ˵϶ǲԵġ󲿷ֹأʱ俼飬ǰǻۣҵȺľǰЩҲһޣһٱ䣬ǧˣ˽ģ˵ʲôҪҴƹأƶģҷǵ벻ЩҴСѧÿڹĹأҲãҲãϸصġƣ벻أȲ

һƣְԼ˵ɸعصޥҾأʵҲͦӵġ
½ʧЦʲô
ޥҲЦҲ룬£ȥˣϹʵǲеġҼ޹֮ǰΪǸ߿̰ĶˣΪĸǸ̵ĸأ֪ȫǡ

½ŶˣŲ𣿡
ǲһġޥȻȷ۰ɣ֪ĸʵûлĵġǾΪҺõġֻھãǲԵġΪҺòԣõķԣҪĸ׺ú˵һ˵һַӷҰɡȻǲáҶ֪

Խѣ֪ǷǶԴԹĸ½ʮο֪½˶ãûа׺á
ʵ½˺½ͬһˣǶʮֵ齾Ƕ˵ĺãԷֵã㸶ˣҲջ
ֻޥֵõġ

ޥĽһԺЩˣ㳷ˮ裬ȸëסһѬѬš
ޥ϶
ֻ½ҲѬѬѪͨ
ޥû취ˣֻʵסһ½һֻѾȡմЩĨڽűϣĽ˿
ѾʶȤˡ

ޥĽŽ챻½ֿģҲˣЦ
ֵ㿴ҵĽţ䲻ĸ׵ϸҲǲǣ
½ϸꡣ
ޥһֻѾѩ/£ⱲӶû⡣

½΢ȻʶǴһ˵ģԵ˽һӶֻһڴ棬ٲб˿ġ
½̲סޥһۡ

Ҳǲ֪£ҲûŮӵĽţֻǿҵռռȴǴǰδйġ
ֻޥ
뵽ޥӣٰüྴһһ½й˵ֻԲ

ƽ۵ӡ
ƽС̣ܵͦ죬Ѿȥ½鷿һᡶȡ˻
½ͽ˳ȥ

½ӹȷ˷رҵ̫/һݸޥԼɡ
ޥӹϸ
ݺܶ࣬һֹҪ¼ݣҪ¼ΪλʵҪ䲼ʱƣǰԼʵе

ŶŶԭ˵ǰǰĩʵ۵ĺһˣԼĽŰϸ裬ڲͬĩ۵ĳ谮ȵǰŮҲģ£꽥ؾʹֻϸŴٹƵģԻأôܵˣޥһ߿һֱ
ﻹͼأˣӣˣ

˵ӷȺεȻɷ磿ʵϰҲޥһԴʺţŶŪôˣΪʲôȺã棬ΪʲôŮӵĽȺã
Ů֮£ޥΪˣʵŲոմƤëѡ
ڴεġùȺãԹ񣬴δٹ½ȻǶģֻЩHôޥ˵ֻܡȡһûõģõĵط

ޥŶһ¿
˿̰ӡˢݣҳϻһЩдıʼЩʼǳͬһ֣֮Ȼ״Ѿü˵֣ڲŴе½

Щдע᲻һīɫµıʼޥעĿ
Ů֮Ȼ˵ȻȤʵ֮񡣶ϴ˷Ůĺ֮࿹ίʵ
ǱʼޥϤɽΡ
أޥ롣

ޥȫĵسУȻдּĴ˾Լء
ĽѪʢޥһֻѾëմĨűģ࿪
ֻŮһֻŪ㲻ķȣѪӿԭõģԲǰҪ־ı㶯ҡ
ԽԽȣϣϸ£Сȼ塣
һʱԳ컡

ޥרĶţܲ˵£֣
һ߳ȥ½䣬½Ӵȥ
컵Ȼ޴棡ĳ˻֪޾
½ӣֻñͷȥ






90.   90    

90 

½֪ޥȻʵʵذһһҹû, ҲǾˡ
ôôɵջͲ֪Լ͵͵һ𣿡
裺㿴ˣδ

԰ģôῴ֪Ҵַ, ǲͬġ
½˱۾³һ޵ôȢôһɵϱأ֪ͨ
̾ٹȥ

ֹȥһ, ʱɫӲáϸ½һˡ
½һʮּᶨ֮ˣҪ¾ͻ᳹, ײı䡣ޥꡢȵëһҪģһûġ
½˼ֵŵ, һȥˡ

ֻ½ô˵ˣԼȴһֱĸ, 뻭һݣô, ÿһʶ
ʱ֣½밲, Ȼֲֻᡣ
½˸Լܷܿ࣬˾Ƶģ
̲סޥôˣ

½ʮػش˵, ڷﷴ˼أؿ֪ˡ
ʮֶȤζؼһ䣺ĸ׷, ʮֵغãʵڸһĽѵ
½һҭסϲ, ֻܵءߡһ
½һúõظĸ˰ʩʩȻ뿪ˡ
½һӣ

½һû˯, 糿һޥȥ˭֪軹ûޥȻˣ½˺ޥϿȥ
ޥĸˡýĸ֪ҰĽţ˽Բˡ

Ϊ½˴һοȴţΪȴˣ
ޥСԴ˵ʮŲûرһЩɤӣԭ֪ԭνţʵǰʢеĲ㡣

ĸסޥ̧ͷ̩̫꣬/ʵ۱ŮӲ㡣֪ϲ֮εΪʢУΪ˶ӣǱҲҪ 
£С˵ʵǶŮʮֲơˡϱ޶ۣʵڿʲôôϱȷë꣬ͶûĸжȣΪϱСھûܵĽ̵ԵʡȴΪϱûвԵʡϱڰϽţҲֻܶᣬͻȻĸ滺ڵġ

˵£Υ̫/ʥѵ̫/Ѿٶ꣬ĳ֮ңôΪʱԶ̫/ʥѵءҴ˵δйȡ߳أǵҲЧġ˵ĸҰţĸԼţǲԵġ˵Ѿǲǲǣ
һ䲻ʮеΪޥԼҲñӿ۵е
ֻּۻ£صҪۣԷźþ͵ػǮġ

Ŷ
½۾
ü۵úôһñӡ㹫ÿڿҿңҵҵΪҡֻΪڼҹܽ㣬˲ˣ

½˻أޥͷƤе顣ȥڼҲ·˳Ƥô󣬻ͷһء½Ҳ·ˣ
Ѿ˵ˣܰ;ϵġ
ӲͷƤĸоʵڲϱ˵ģʥ涨ġϱţԭ͸ǱٺġҼҲᱻϡТ֮ҡŮĸģǲТӲģȻǲˡϱݸڲңʶ˽˰ĸ

һ˵߼ͨˣ̧ͷĸףϱӱ𷣡ĸ׳ѡ𷣰취Ƿ׵Զϱĸ׻ʽϱĸ׾ܷɣϱ£ڷѾ˼ʮ֪ˡֻҪϱţĸٷʲôϱʵܷ

½ȴû̻ش
޳ָߵ˼£ȻʣЩ𣿡
ǡޥ˼˵Ƿ˵ˣҲ֪ԭžǲ㡣̫/ʥͣ㣬֪ġұʷܿľ壬ɡԼˣˣŲ˴ĸ˵ġ
˸Сѣ˵Ŵڿ֮󡣵ŷһּٵļٻŵļٻ

½ûȥСϸڵ٣½Ҳûǻʲôķʽͷ
½ʣȲЩֻ㣬Ͳ±ô
ޥ룬ô쵰͸˰ŮӲ̫쵰ˣųʹܵİ˸վվȣ

ֻһ̧ۣϱĿӣȴ½й⣬ڴ
һ΢΢
Ц
Цˣֱ½ʹʱһģһ

ޥһ̺ͻȻʲô˵ʲô
֮޵ݣ½֮ŷ֣ĸʱȫһڣֱøһˡ


ޥͷȻϿע
ϴ˷Ůĺ֮࿹ίʵ
˵˭أ
ޥĿ½ȹӸסЬϡЬֻ¶һ⣬׺һ飬ӨӨй⡣

ޥֱ̧ۣͦ
½Сܹרŵ̬ѵСϰ䣬ֱͦһߣ
£Ҷϸ룬һ;ʮֺ¡

Ҹݵʱ򣬱㱻֪Ů첻ģҶ룬ҵĽŶŵģرЩŮӣøݵģҲﲻˡ
ֹţҲǲġɽ˵ȥȥˡ䶼ûȥȥˣܵȥǰ˽ŵŮȥأമŰɣ
˽ţעЩ羰ǿˣĸף˵ǲǣ

½˲˵ֻ
ޥ£Ϊʲôúء뵽ŮӶ쳤վõģǽͶլˡ
Ҳ֪ĸûжʮһӣĸ֪֪Ҷʮһˣ½΢΢ͷޥҶʮһŮʮܳһŮӡǣŮӶţմһǧ꣬ҲһҶˡ

£ֹǽŶѣǻذŮӸסˡⶼû˵±ôݲءֻǾÿ£ԽԽ£ԽҲԽ̫/үүʵ˲𣬾ܽϰֻɺޣڽϾ׷˵ʲôС㡯һ·Լߣǲǲзʵڲףô˾òзϺã

½û˵ŵֹϡ
ޥ
½˸ǺͱһЩĸ඼˷ˡֻǸŴ󻧣СطδӴ˼Ұˡ
ޥԾ𣿡
½˵ģҲãױҲãʲôǴӽϷ֮ؿʼȻ󽥽򱱡һ磬㶼ʼˡ

ͷչȥޥϸ롣һ˵£ûʲôǴ̿͵˺ˡ
Ĭ

½ȴ㣬ҽշǵţǿѹ󣬱ҪһСţִΣ
ޥԾ̧ۿ½ˡȴǺЦۺڴĿ⾹ʮȸԾƽǸĵŵʮֲͬ

ޥգգۣŵӵҡȥݸ棿
ޥСԴü򵥡£񲻾٣ٲȥٸ¡
½˵㹫ݸٳϻչˣݸһ½ҶϱȲ֪ͨ㹫㹫ʹ˲ұѰ񷿣һˣ½ˡ

ޥֱɵۡ
ɵ˰죬ֵұ㲻ȥݸȥϲȥ
ϲǽʡᣬбݸٸ߼Ϲء
߼ûʲô½˵ԶŮ游ĸûΪТҪȰһٰӣȻⲻТ֮£һ㣬޿ɱ粵ֻܽȥˣ½ˡ

ȷĹ涨ı⣬ĸŮΪڣŮᱻɷ׷Ρ
Ůҷĸ游ĸ֮ǻףТˡ

ޥ׵ģֻ벻ᱻ½õ˴Ŀɿڴ
ʾ֭ȭƣɵˣһṦģ⸮ûܴùҡŶ㷿Ǹ˵ҵˣֻҡûǿҰŵģ
½˵ĸȥ̶ܽϱˣϱڵءѾǲˡһ㡣ˣֽˡ
֡ǻת˸䣬ϡ

ޥɵɵ졣
ŷ֣½Щ߼ӲҪţԼȫȻ·ߣ
ֻĸɷĸףȻݣѹһϱˡ
ⲻ벻ƾֵİ취䣬ûϱ·

̧ۿ½ˡ
½̧ӣˮַס˰ֻ¶һ˫۾
˫۾ž⣬Ц⣬˵Ľ

ޥԲ۾
ţͺ½һһػ






91.   91    

91 

½ûٱޥƾ֮
鱾޽ġҪ, ϱûа취ġϱҵϱŶˡ򣬳˳, ޳·

ֻյʵڳ½ϣ˵Ǿϲˡ
ϱûʲôѧ, ʤĵشֹֻû뵽ԭҲ˳֮ܵ, 룬, ֱ档
Ȼϵŵ㣬Ҫ, ҲҪĥ
ɵ½һۿмģݼҵıǶϵģ

ӵŰ, ʣ𣿡
ޥˣˡ
½ʣ£ȥˡأ

ĸôԡֻһ, һͬĸ˵һ˵ޥֱͦǰ˵Ĳ¡ĸͷϣûҶ˵, ĸ˵һ˵
½ףֱĻ᣺˵

ޥ֯, ĸͷϣ˵ˡʵҪΪΪ˿Цʵ±, ޹Ϊңǹ򡣡
ҽĸױһģ, ʵѧ·㿪ʼˣһѾ̽ҵĹͷٲܶµġ
ĸ׻˵½ٷˣʲôأҲ˵ĸ½ҷˣõ࣬ÿﶼҪʲôأֲȥǮģ

½ǳ˳顣Ťͷһ֡
ޥװûĸ׳ңȻ;ã黭Ҫ߹󣬵ϱôáʵ»ĳ佫أȱĸСϱǳھңûʲôרΨһĸ׿֪ܲõǹӣʵǹͤҵǹǹѾ˰˴ˣǵھŴˡ
ǹң黭ĸףѾڹǿҪĸ״Ӵٲʣĸ׿Ը⣿һģҴӴ˲ǲеģֱҪҵȥ

ĸףԼ޵½ң֪ĸǿݴ֮ˡֻĸ׶̫ãҽʧϱ֪ܻǳǰڼأġϱʵڲ񻰣ĸҲᶯŭף˵ĸ׳ͷʹиҶʹĸ׿ġи֣ĸʵڹĸףҲ˷

ޥһȹգȥͷĸףʵ֪ˡֻΥʥѵҲݲ壬͡Ҳܶ¡ĸôңҶš
½˵ɡ
ȥޥʹˣޥʹæԼˡ

Ȳ˵ô½˵㣬ôš
⻰һţޥ۾ˡ
ˣ˵ʵҪǣñ˿ʲôģϹ֣ġԼʲôҲûеġˣԺͲǰԺȥԺˡĸأ

ޥԺǰһźַѾͷסзżױĿⷿ
ԺֻǰԺ֮һѣʮխ
½ָߵ£ԺߣһԺӣǰһáԺӿֻ࣬Щ̫Ӳʣû׾СҼҵģʰ׸㡣֪ǸŮӢۣСԺӾס㡣ɣþԲһµʱԺʰ㣬ʱͼһŲȥԺӴģˣˡ

½˵ŮӢۡʱޥһ죬룬Ͷһ㲻½ء½˸İţôסˡ
½ϥ񣺡лĸס
̽ʣĸסǡ𣿡
½һۡ
ޥڨڨ

½ȥϷ밲ʣޥǷĸϹˣ
ޥ½һϱ֣½ֿ˸֡½ֱӰһۣˡ
ֻ½һ֪ʣ˺£

½Ҫ˵½˵£ϱСѾ̹Ѹˡ
½̫լ¡
լһаźãʹլʹΪ²ģһʿ֮ӵĻҪ½ÿһúܺã϶Ϸˣ¶¶ϱûһ½ġ

ڶң½Ӳʣ½Ҳĥҡլϱ檻ǳԺָ½ˡ
½ô˵΢ЦСأҲҪ̫

˵½ֻûصޥϱνġ
ޥˣ˵Ķأĸ׵ȷǸˡ
Ȼ½ԽԽģвͬ뷨ֱĸ˵ǡҺĸףǿ˭˵˭

áޥĽҰҴġ
½ʧЦʣԣҪŲԺӣ
˵ߵһԺӣиãԺӿࡣޥ֪ĸ
ŶǸ½ЦЦԭ͸ϲǸĸ˵Ůӹ뷿

½һƬģĸѡøµԺӸˡ
ޥΣܵѵˡ
Ѿˣ˱˼ٲǰһˡ˼ҶٺöܡҺңվǲһġ

ֻô˵ţƺܱƵģʵֲǡ
Բͬͥ˴ӴԺһҲǿƵطҪһһĹغϰߡ
˸֮䣬ǻӰ죬ǨͣЭġֻࡱ˵ѣ෱Ħ
½˺ޥˡࡱһȥȶԷĵߣݣСȻƽƽͺ͵عȥ

ôĸ׻ˣ½ʡ
Ҳ֪㲻㷣ءޥ˵ˣҲҼ򡣵ÿִҳʮҳĸ׻ҪҸѧ˵٣ĵ£Ҫѧᾲģëëġ
½úѧ
šҿ϶ޥ̬ĸ˵ǰҵĶЩ⣬ԺֻҲء

ν黭Ҫ¿๤ġ½ûһ͸ޥ֣Ƚ֮£ӦµļͥҲӦµˡԭŵȶӦڲǴ߷ˣǰѡ

½Ǿ仰㿼ſ˵ġѧЩѧ˶ԼġһҪ֣治ʺϣĸҲǿѹѧұٵĶѹѧǷסֻܷĺˡ
ô˵ޥͷ˺ܶġΪޥԼʲô黭츳ʱˣȻҲˡ

һȥǸԺӣһǸãڶԺҲǺַԺԺмҸһô޴񼸺Ժӡ
ԺĲԼ򵥣ȷޥڵԺ£Ҳʮʹ죬ޥһӾϲˡ

ޥԺתһȦϲòˣããҲ˿ģ
ǰ滹һãڶԺӵ˽رǿڵԺӣԺųʲôܿ
ȫǵߣȥš
˹ġ˶̴ֻ·˿װģϵȹӡ

߹غţޥȹӸţ½˿Щѽ
½ʩʩȻߵ£°һãȵϣɣҿǵŮ
˵ʵڵģʵ̫ޥ¡ͺ½һģԵرû˵Ĺһ¡ޥڵʱ䣬Ҳֻ˵ȴδ

Цû䣬һ˸ߵĳѾ˺˿Юŷӭǰµשϡ
΢߻صǡžһִĻƵģϲţ಻
½ȻֹĿ˸ߵĳϣ˳ϣչ֣ѹıۡϣϤס
ޥ̧۵ɲǣ½ס

˫ۣûƽյĽƤҲû˽Ĵġ
˫ǴСˤľ񣬺Żǣ·ȫȻһͬġδˡ






92.   92    

92 

һԵʽͣҲֻһ˲ɲǼǰӰζ, ÷š
˺ѿʱʱͨ˵۾ܸٶȡֻ½һ˫, ó׽۾գҲգ׷ŲӰǸϸΡ
ãָϧ, дʱޱʡ

ʶޥ֣ȥ·, ½ܾ÷Щĵضޥϰ˳Զ, ʵҲ޸֮ġ
ʮ֣صظޥһҲԺ, ÿջϷʮνĳ

ޥһҼǵأҸȥԡǿء
½ֵءŶһ
ޥ˵պϡ
½
Ժǡϡ, ˾ǡպϡô

һΪʲôҪԼĶ̰ȥ˱ƴء
½ͷ˼һԼ, ͷϼϦһˬ磬̧ޥͷ治
౳ʫɡ, 飬úø㽲
ޥ

½Ҳ˵, 㲼ֿʼʰǸԺӡ
ޥҲʼѧϰࡣ
½˵ģҪ츳ġѧʮ죬˰Ѯ, ֮ǰļ죬½ڵһˡ

ޥ䣺ˣģ
½˷֪ˡ
ޥڵ෽ʵûʲô츳ġ, һתʼ⻮ȥݾ͸ƵģرԡʼҲȥͻͷ
£ǿ󲻵á½˱ˡ

½ȴֵõ˽µϢܸ˵ظޥɽµѾӪطˣûв˫֮
һ˶˿ޥ̫ü۶ˡ
ʱ䣬˵ǲ͸Ѿصˣ
òࡣ

ֻںĿȻû˵ߵ»û˽ᡣ
ͳıʵǿ䣬ɢˡھǵʮ΢ʼƫ½׸߼ЩϢ
һңصĶӲ֪ˣٵĶϱһ˫۾
½Լһ˵ʻʮġ

ˡޥЩ΢ֻҲҸǰ˸Ӵŵģùĵ
½ȴĬ̾һ䣺ܰտࡣ
½̾ȵۿҲ˵ز

ȻִֻԼĹˮ졣ûԼ
ʳԴɵĺɫ裬ΪԼٽء
ֻֻأĹ˭

ֻ½˿һޥ
û˵ޥ֪⣬Цĸǣûϵġ
ѾǰѮˣ½·Ĺؿûͳˣ·˾ͳҲܸϲޥļˡ
½΢̾ЩھΡ

ǴʱõϢµ׵ϢǶ֪ɽȷƽƽػصˣֻ̫ˣߵĴѾ𷫣Ůӡ˶˰
ܰտ࣬ɽࡣ

ɽʹ֪ͬⳡйٺͶָʹ͢˴¡һ֪ͨ˳͢ӣɽʧءһǸ͢ҪǮҪҪŮˡ
˴ŮʧأŮʧ٣Ǳȥ˲ûӡϮҪΪҲϵµĶڣΪһıԴ

ǰƶȶԾͥȢƹϵı׶ˣŮޣɻ䣬ԷֹǱѹե̫ݻȥ̫ࡣǰһȢŻѡʱʱҪ͢һ¡
Ʃ糯͢зټŮͷûŮ͸ʱԷȥţޡ

ߵþµױ㵽֮ʱʱʵȨţıǸ˾ֱϼʵѾ佫ǵţʲôʵ¡ӵ౨ֱת˱򺣵ǰС£̱ϳʽڸ
ֻǰƽʱȻǴ£౨ʱ򣬴ݱ¾ûӰ࿴ڸִ֣ͬʵһֱڳƤ£ɽӵ£ʲôˡǮŮ˶ûУɸΪ֮ɽٿ޵Ҳû̺ȡ
ѹš

ɽ֪˲࣬͢صĹԱ֪Щ˶ڹǰս£Σͷöɽ±ǣˮûС
ԟR͸֪ˡͬޥһһֱΪ¼ƽ磬ٲʲô¡

½ѸոյõǰϢ˼˵ʱھǣȴˣԟRڷƢ
˵ֻǸſôƴԟRʮջ𣬡أûİ֪֪ԼʲôˣҪҪ˾㻹ܸȥ𣿡

ԟRں󣬶Ծ֪ʮޡǰԟR˼ս֮
ԟRԭŻعͽġȴ·ϱ񸮱Ӻ͸λšгϲн졣λӶˣóȻˣ̫ʡ

ԟR˸ۣȥû˵ֻ˵ѾԼļңľͲڴλ˴ϾΪŸһ˽Թˡ
ʢޣϵΪ֮ưȪ飬ظο
һʶȤԼ˵ĵܵܣתͷ͸һʶȤĵܵϭַ

ϸ׻ʮֿȾͷᣬԟRһӣȻԲ飬ֻֿϵܡ
ԭҲʹһΪ¾Ͳʲôġ˶أɽǸˡ
ٵжʲôģ嵱Ȼԣ塭ͣ
ôܡ

ǴҶòܵ¾ͷˣã
ɽٿ࣬סĺã
ԟRҲˡ

ٿ񲢲⡣
ʣϵˣ
뵽һЩֻĿҲ֪ԼǲǶԵġ

⼸˽𣬲ΪСɽһ֮أҡҪҵĶ飬㹭֧ˡ
ֻ磬˵ˣǿҪҲûƢ

սʱ򣬻ȥսҲֹһ˶ȥġ
˼£ѪһֱڣֻÿСᳶ䣺磬ˣȥˡ
ԭתȦſߡ

ۿɽòòһġԟRǵıЪھӪҲû¹սϱ㲻һ
ԟRҲûȥû̫ɸеȻпŵп֡Ǿͬĳ濴ıĲһаʡԼԼͨרŵҪǵͨ˵Ľ顣

ڿճλˣ뽫˶ÿУ
ٵȵȣҲ϶ҪˣȿӽύЩʲôˡǼѾͶӣ㲻ˡ
ԟRأǽύӦҡǳ˳Ŀ

ʵû취ǰӣƶʼȻ˽ύ
˲˽ЩˣЩҲ˽ǡ˴˿ģݺ͹ְճСΪӣݹӲЩֱӽύ˵ģȻѡӡ

Ҳ˵ԟRܳ裬ҲͶЩͽ᲻ӣֻ˶ˡ
ԟRݿǣҲơƫύˣ顣ҲΪӵݣվӡ

ٿ˿ӹ治ļˣȴˡԟRһ
˲̫ѵˣرǶԡֱӵˣ£ȥһۡûС
ֻӼҲ̫ãִ˼š

ǰִһˤˡ
¸үɡ
ļ֮У󣬺ӶˣŪء

ԟR˵ƼϽֻ˼ҿǣµø۽ȥС
é®ʿǧǵˡԟRۿžͿ˵Ͻƽ߶ʮ꣬һĴȣߣȥ

ˣԭʵʮܵǴλֻģˡھ˳һ̫಻յģͷֻȣ
ֻû뵽Լ㲻ԳݷˣپܾûվӣҲͬվˡ

Ͻ֪ԟRƼԼһۡԭûнһӿģҲϽˡ
ڻͶһѻ׵ĺӣս
սݡ

ֻԟR˸ȥˡ
ֻԼģҲˡԭҲûָԴµĸôûָһô
ˣսһȣһ¡
¶ˡ






93.   93    

93 

ԟR˵, Ҳ£˵ֻȥʶʶ𣿡
ô˵ġûʲô˲ţûһ²ǻ£ˡ, ˣ
˻ƽʮֺ£ӧս, Ͻء

ⲢԟRˣʮջ, ¶ʵûԵܹλáص, ԟRǲȥðյġ
ȥ˾Ӫ˻һͨ
ȷ˹, ЩսԟRҪˡ

, űҪл
ԟRû׽סͷˡȥ˵, ع
˵꣬ˡ
оϣö˵

Сԭһˮ, ԟRվһߡԟR, ˮͶ˰ֽѪ
ʲôءԹ, ֪Һ͹Ϣˡ

û
СͶ˰ֽˮ˺ɫ
СȰʵ֪, 飬Ҳ֪ʲô
ǣ簡ʲôˣȱ˶˰˵û˾ôأѵƱȥѵأˡ

һ¡СöԻ飬صýѣȻɱͣҲˡ
ǵĿ겻ţţҲֻţ󰡣

۾סԼȭͷ졣
һξˡ
ΪС˵öԡ
ִΪ£Ȼжȥ
ЩѾ˵ˣףֻڹȥЩù⡢ùմֵ¡
ʵ׵ģһҪڹ˵Ӱ¡
ãƣ֪ˡ
С˿

սݣˣ˵ˡ
ûƢˣһ˵ġ
Ŵһʤ̣Ӿ͸ˣǼսӵܣҵˣСӵľ˾ǡ
ˣãˡ

˭֪ԟR˵ģҪ˵ģƽԭʶŽġ˵øҡ˭֪ᣬһѪˣˡûҵЩֻ͡ǸˣҪҲûã˱ǣùֻҲϹңعȥ뽫˵һġ

˶˷ֹ͵ģԟRҪȥؿ˿⸣ĹӣΪƽүˣԭĹӵˡ
ԟRǸص鷳ˡ
µ鷳ûСֻҿֲǰҲ·ʲô
ԟR䬵ģһٻ֮ӣº䵽ߡ

»Ȼ򣺡ֲãȻǾӵܣҾͿ񡣡
ҲҲģ˵ֻǿ˭֪ǲʵҲϧǼﻵ£ҲһɡԟRϧֻˣٶҲûãһȥɡ
Ҳϧϧˡ

̾꣬ʣƽȥʲô
ԟRղͿ˽ӵˣ΢΢һӣû̺գֲǶϷҲҡ
¿ֲһˣԟRǣתҪߵʱºؽס

ţĹүңϽʣֻĹӴ죬Ĺӣ֪ңΪμң
ԟR山ʱȥ͵ģϽͼλ¸ҪϽأսպգұϽϽȷ죬塣

´Ϊ߲ѣҵԭģֻ
ԟRæ⣬Ͻ嶼ܷŹɼؽὫЩС¼ǹػġ
ʼգȻ˳ˣǸձķµۻ᲻ɵδ֪ڽΨֱδĻʵۼǺޣȥʱеģ˸ǣֻԟR
֪Ҳ˸ȥ֪ԭȥ͵ıӣӡ

Ͻֻߵðڰ֣ƽƽԟR֣ĹģϳȻĹӼģزҶĹӵ£˵ʤֻϹĸ֣ġ
ԟRֻǸңӶǡµݣԳһĩְԡƫԳˡ
ԟRһѹסһҾҼǰ̣иϽˡ

ϣڡһӹӣݱ̾͸еѹˣϲĸ˵ҽţɼһϵ
ӾףϴŤ⽫ԟRƼġ
ֻ͵ۿȥȴԟRʲô֮ɫ΢ܾĵܣ˾ǣúʹǰһˡ

ЩʱգԟRӵЩȥҴǲ⼸硣
˵ν⼸ңǰļֻǰԟR׽˼ֻţͲӡ
ԟR⣺ʹһֱأ
ĬȻһΪʲô

ȻƢˡ
ԟRΣսҲûãҽ˴λҲѵ
ֻͷΣŵԽˡӷҰɡ
ԟRȴиôߵˣʵС˵Ĺӿլ񡱣ҲԣԟR˵ȷƵһʡ
ֻ̾˾䣺ѽ

Ǽ񣬹ȻˣҲվԟRٴӴ˽ϵ
佥ˣҲɳȥܶ
Դſ˳Сܶ
ղŴһҳǷȥŮġǲֻࡣ
ۿʾ˶죬ֻ¾һƬ

ԭпŴò˹ȥؤǻΧȥһŪþǱ˶󰮳ˡ
һˣ䲻죬ȴǱ뺷ӣҲǾܰգʤСط࣬һ֪ǺūǸӱΧ֣һģūֻ㵱һš˸Χ

ĿĮӹЩˡ
ȶ򣬾쫷磬㽫÷顣
Щ˱ϣҲϡû
ֻЩ˱΢֣ᡣϾһ

ĿЩɨδͣͶֱߵĵϣס
Сʣ켸ˣ
С찡ʮ˰
ʮˡૡסֱߵȥ

񲻸ҿ׷ױܿó·ֱߵֱһӻǰ
ƽ֧Ŵ壬ϰЩС⡣
ǸСӻ̶ѣıϰĶӣдýµ˹æк͹ٿʲôģ

С棬Ҳˣ˹ȴִӴһСﵥһ
Ĵˣ½СԶǿ˵Ĺ۲ͼСأһοޣеڣС

һΣСûп
У¶һ˿Ц⡣
ĴָĦĦһ˹ȥ
ϰӽˣҲ
ˡ

ϰǸɵʵڣ̫ˡ
һ޲һǮѣۣ߰˸СǮҲߡ
µĿȴֵáתߡ
ϰں溰һֻء
¿˵Ҫˡ
ϰӵһԶأ
¿ûٴˡ

޶ɶԶ
һţһϹһСӣһ๫һСһ̡
ֻղŵĽ¿ֻ˺ɫϲСȴ̡
һֻءϰ졣

ԱߵĿڴ
СɣóԹɫأһҲԡ
̤̤ġ
ãȻˡ

СζУתͷ
˭
˭ǹĿڴ

Ը㷼ãзա
ԭˣԸ֪ɰƴ
Ҵ춨Եֻ롭
ҡ

Сסһ
ǰ棬ͦΣý˵˭֪ж
Сأͷһᡣ






94.   94    

94 

ʱ, ϱ·Ȼδ£½˱֪·ܸޥּˡ
Ҳһ죬⼸ҶѾ׼ޥ, һֱֵƽ̹ȻߵҲһ

ֻ½ǸΡ
Ϊ׼һСжҪޥﲻĲ⡣
ֻǱֵòѡΪһܶµĺӡ

һεİǼȻǺгؽûӰϱ޼Ĺϵ, Ҳ񾭹һϴƵıòһˡ
ǸյʱէСУĶ, һһȺһײ㣬ظһЩ򡢹ء
˸ĸĺ, վ
ޥʵʵڵ½Ҷϱˡ

½Ұ˳硣
, ˼ʱ½⽫ⳡЩΪ˻ޥ˼֮顣
¶Ȼʢ, ϱϾѾξ, ¹ϴ԰зջơԺ£, ԡ

ҲС½бƽﰲ½Ҷ¶, ס
ޥʵÿ밲һ棬⸮ǸоǵĴڡҲϡ档
ÿ밲ֻ½˿ĸͷޥ, һ굽ͷϲӣǿܸͼ½˵档
ޥڻ̫½Ϊʲôڸǰź
˵, źҷˣҷӵġ

µգá
½΢Цϱ棬ʱһ£ҷ·ǵǰЩӣĸ׿ʼѧˣ
ޥ͵һ½ˡ½Ѿȥˡ
ޥֱ壬˳״ɻش𣺡ĸõ࣬ϱʮֻϱʵûʲô츳˵ǿ󣬷ʧ˱⡣ĸѴ̶ϱЩˡ

½Ц
ϱҲ֪ѡҲУѧᡱչί˵ˡ֪ĵ/̣û׷Ѫ
ȻŮ˼ҳԲЩʵûʲôֲҪȥùլѣһ̣һˡ

½ǺЦŵз˼ĸз˿ǣһֻзʰøɸɾззʢһĿԼϵĻƿһջбб棬ŷŵޥǰ
ʵǣ߸ޥԳзӡ
ƽһΣзûŪ֡

ֻʮȾơľջһбһŵ
ƫ½Ÿĸ棬Цºͼˣȴܵʮֻޥһ㡣ޥֳƺ֣ĿƵֻܰ·ת䣬һġ
ȷզأ½ǰƷ軹УҪŹšǵƷĻһˡ

ָϷĴѾͷǴ˵ӣ˳ͷһ˾
ޥ֪ԭҲģܺ㡣
½⹫ȴ֪ޥвУ۾ȥѲϱҲܴӴݵضϣ¶ӡ
̵ϣϱӦĳˣ涪
½ͳװķˡ

½ʫ½Ҳ͡½Ҳһס
ޥʵʵš
ֻ벻ﾹҲһףޥ꣬ǰˡʫ١ʼʫˣ䲻ҲƷˡ

ֻ۾ȥ
½˾䣺
½δûиˣҲûвˣȻ
ޥȥǡ
ϵޣȻǴǫĸˡҲֻ࣬ǣҹɫƻУޥһĨЦЦ

ޥֵĸо
ƽʱǼûнӴޥ֪Ƕ顣ԲѼһӲΡȻǴСͶġ
ҹޥŵƻǼŮӣáʫġֻǲѡ

ӽﻹڻ껪ģ³Źʮʵϱ½Ŵ˲һꡣ
ޥԭ֪ģֻȥϷѾ֪ġ½ֻյʹ͡

ޥ֪ˣҲװ֪ûҲͿġޥ衣Լô
˵׽׽ϲϲ϶һ֣ñ˵һ졣ԭӴֵ¡
ޥȥѰƥӣʹҵ͹ȥɨһλһλʮһλ
ʱЩ¶ĸɩӲģϱԼˡ

һľҹɢ½ˣʫ½ޥˡ
ת½˻˷ףչ˺ү
ϥӦˣȥѾһ½

£ԭϱĶ࿴ġ½ޥ֣㳶һ£ͷ
ޥҲһ£Ͻ½ߡ
ֻ˸ղһתͷĻ桪½˵ĲڵƻЩϸƣ䣬ʵǸˡ˻ţȴԾӸ֮СأѰĿɷƸ˱Ůˡ
վţϥסƾյأһء

һִǰֻĸо
ţܵϢһǽԼɷҸ
ޥ룬ƽܰš
ҽ롣

뿪԰ӣԺұֵ𳯲ͬķȥˣž
½ǣޥ֣ţȴӹĵ˵ȻȥɣҺٷߡ

ʲôߵģҪ߸ղô԰ء²ţǺһǡ
½ֶƽ۵Ҳȥ
ƽ۱ҲŵתߣԼȻɽȥ

ĳϺֻܿʣ½ޥ
ޥձţȵ٣ֻһƮѡ½ֻѽΣ̧ͷԲƵÿ
ƻ΢У½һۡ

۾ÿһȴޥľ
ޥס˺½۵شˡڰУޥ˵ڵϵ
ţ˱ƵǽϡǽȵĴ˹

˾ƣ
Ҳֻк˾ƣЩƽ£Ÿҷ
һޥû½ˡ
Ҳ


ޥ½ͻطʱ򣬴Ҷװû΢йĺ촽ϻûȥκ졣
ޥٵϴ͹˴ʵкö໰˵ƫֵҹ÷㣬ߡڸ÷Ҳˣûֿܵ޻˵ĳ̶ȡֻܱţһڴϼƵķ

ʱ˰ô廹仯أ
˶𣿻ֻ
½Ӳȥޥʱ̫ˣûʡһƬڰŵý۾

ZϢƵġ
ޥ壬˱ӣܾáԲ£ĺܲһأʲôܲ档
Ҫ˭˵˵ͺˡ

ޥ֪Բʱ⸮Ҳб˵Բ½ˡ
½ʹʰԺӣ˿³ʮĺһǸգǨӡޥǾʮϵϡ

·˲ΪŲޥ½˾úõذһ
˵Ӷ½ִʵģѾ˳ȥҲյ˴𸴡һж׼ˡ
ߡˡԭ··ˣ½˴ߡ·Ȼǹˣ½˴Լߺˡ
һԺԺϯţõ׵ˡ

һеһУ׵ˡ
Ȼ½˿ʼԲˡ
ǵ죬Ҳ½ޥԲ֮ա






95.   95    ѹ

95 

Ҫ½ڵ뷨, ʵһ꣬ޥٳһЩԲʵҲǿԵġܾޥ̫ණҪѧܾС
˵Ҳ, ֮ǰûָо
ʱֻźúõذһ£ϱ첹һЩӲ̰, ׼ĸһ½ûдŮ, Ȼöϱ׼ĸָ£Ͷ׵Բˡ

ֻ, ˡ
½飬Ҳʮָ΢
ޥԽ, ֡СءĸоԽǿҡܾ, ޥʱ䲻ʱԲ̫硣
ɾڶԿһ۶ģ, ½ףҪ˵ƳԲ˵½, ޥԼ⡣
ǣŨʱ

ʵ˵, ҪƳԲǻôޥءָ˵ٷ˲÷ϲĻ½˶˵Ķ񣬴ֱ档
Բ, ޥǿ϶Ҫھ½Բ޵ġ

кͨѾͷ֪¡·ˣޥ, Ҫ˽̵ˡ
գޥϷʱϷѾͷĵԺҵģ½˵Ļʣٷ˼ױСѹסͲӣ
ҵһˣ
ºһˣʱ½ˣһæУУ
Ѿͷϣ

ҵĽҵǿӴ򿪡
ðƤʵʵģֱͳŸϷȥˡ
ȥѾͷ᷿

ҵģʣ֮£׼̫̫Ҫٷˣ
ҵæ֣ûûУء̫̫ǽұܣ㵽ʱǹġ˭֪͹ˡ
Ͳùˡ£ɡ

ҵظǿ̫ˣ¶ڳأʵ֪ظ˵ءϿ֣ٺûˡҴ̫̫ллˡ
˵ţϥҪ
˵Ǵ·ˣˣһֻЦеΪС޺гһл

ҵֻǸũ辭۲죬ҲǸ˼򵥵ˣʵľګڿ̤ʵˣ㹻ˡ貢˶Щʵӵ̤ʵˣͦϲġ
ҵпĶ࣬ʱֻԼҲعأ½ǹ˼ҡʵΪޥеˡ

ޥʱĶҼ½ѧָءڵһʵûʲô츳½Ҳǿ󣬷֮⼸տʼѧˡ
ޥãٻͦģҲ
ֻ½˲á
½ܿ࣡ܿ࣡
Ž˼նѣô½ۡ½ѾԤУһҪ޼ˡ

ѾͷĽ½ʹ˸ɫ½˻⣬͵ɡ
ޥͦģֻǰһˣ俪ţ񻹼ǵѹŲ٣ıˡ
ʵ黭ЩҪ츳Ķ֮⣬ǹ֮£ֻҪǸɵӣֻҪĿģѧء
˵׻ǵʱûķϡޥԼҲʡˡ
ˣҲˡһʱ½зȣҲйоˡ

ȥʱŸѾ߽ϷѾﻹһޥǴк
Цеأû˵ʲôȥˡˣѾͷǶŽ˴μ
ѾͷǶˣμֻ½˺衣⿪ǰƤ

һϹϣ滹ѹһӡ
½Ƚҿ˴Ϲϵĸӡ
䳣֮򳣳ŮӼױΪѹסҿӣǿĵģһһŮĽĴ

ȶ̣Ůһ̵
½ֻһۣ͸˸ӡֳǲӣһӻصϡסͷ죬ˣˣúǿ
۾

̲סԹʲô˻ģӿˣţǸʲôµأ
Ҳûʣ˻ˡ

ڿЦĶģûˡ
½˵֮ⲻУϽǰһ̶۾ۡ
ֵǵİɡ˵꣬ȻпûŮԭⶫòأû뵽ܴȥ

ֻ½ǶˣѾ񣬱㻽
һڿЦˣȻ֪ģúء
ֶҼˣ÷һ׶ҽء
˱㶼Цˡ

Ҳ΢ЦһװǹФҴݼҵġ޵ʱФҲһ׸ҽġֵҸ㽲
˵ǽФҵĹҲǺݼϷˣ½˵
ФФҹ޵ຼݼҵĽ֡

Фһֵ/̳裬һֵ/̳衣
ŮߵĴѾߣʦͽܵʽһһѪһЩССƽŮࡣ
ѾͷδʱܸɵĴѾߣ˺ǵĹϱ衢ĸģһ·͸֮ס
ѾѾ״̬½߰ˡ

½Ҳ˸пФʲôӣҶģˡȥ磬ֻǵСʱҵġиǶҵĻ棬ûˡ
һμʮˣԼѾȢϱˡ
Щػʱ⣬ȥأ
յˣȥأ

ȥ˿ⷿҵһֻ
ÿⷿҪʰҪɹάⶫҲúúõġŵİƤȥ»ء
ⶫФŮݼŮݼŮ½ҸԺ󣬾͹ٷˡ
躬Ц˷

ֿ˼磬½̾Ҳ档
½һ仨໨ޥ½ȥרŪݵˣһЩرµģ½˻
ޥûɫľջ̾պܾˣڵ˻ڣʢˡ

ޥ޵½Ұˣ۽Ѿͬȴǰʶˡ
֪̾գմݱ֪ˣǧġĳһǧ
½˲ȱһǧֱӱˡſھ̸Ǯʵʮֵӹףˡ
һͬúô½˵ϲãһŻǤ塣гģ½˲ŸҲһ衣

ǰޥЩֻ֣ޥ۹ڴǰ಻ܾͬԼǰȷͬˡ
ⲻͬȴǺܺõģžǣ˵Ѭհɡ

ڶգ³ʮޥŲԺӡǼԺȥ
ֻԺӵĲָǰľԺвͬˡ½ණҲһˡ
һҵø󸱣ȴˣȴһѩɽͼ
ĶμҼ䣬ޥõӳ½Ķǻͼʮ¡ֲͬķͬһǢںһ

Բ½ޥһɽ鷿½ѾͷǣޥԭΪòԺϻɽֻСԺӡ
½ʹ÷ˣģҿ鷿

ޥѾ°ˡ
ѾʮףԺӵСѾͷǺŽɽģ½˰Žȥġ
ɽ׼޵ģտ鷿ģǴຼġ½Ϸ˰ŵ½ߵġ
½ǣųԲĻᣬ˦½Ϸ˵ء
ͦá

ʱڻߵ˾ʮ
˲ߣޥڼˡ
ʮʢԸ̨ĸףԼ̫ˡǽŮߵġȪŮߵۿء

½йٵķˣΪŶϱϷԼߡ
һ½ٷ˷еİ̼࣬Ө֬ͨϾһﴫĹȫĵĹС

˵½ٷ˵ĸΪ޷ɽݵŮǿⳡʢ֪½Ƕôϱˡ
һʱŮķǶĽ

½ҳݣ½һ¶㱻˼ǹˡ˭֪Ǵȥȴ˵ѾһŮ
ʹѣֻñ
ֻ񣬿½ٷ˽ëܽ꣬½Ϊǣ̧ͷһӨӨй⡣
ģҲû˵䲻½½ԡ

ڰ죬Ժ￪ϯ
տɢȥޥصԼԺŴ˿ˡ
ѾͷﻹŸ
ޥ






96.   96    ׼

96 

Ҫ, Фһຼ½ҡФҵŮ˼Ķۼ
Ƕ״кҶ, оﺬԽҿӣ㿴澫µĴˡϸȳ̬
, ־£, ʲôܿס

ޥ۾գؿ˺üϢ
ڿ׵һ˲ֻһ, öǰ׵ĵطͨˣ
ԭ, ޡŮޡôһ£

Ϊ, ΢ЦлŮ޶, ֮ߡˮ֮г, Ҳ˼¡ãҪСƴ˵
ޥš
Ů, һʱС
ǻ֪ʶһŮӸþ߱ġ

, ȫǶģ곤Ů˽Żᴫڸ׽ŮԵġ
йȻӸϲļɷȴǽ̵αܵ˺, αͱԼ壬ʲôҪǱصþܾģƩڼҪзȵȡ
Щżҽ̸ϱģʵĸ״Ůġ

ޥȫȫĴš
뿪һ˻лء
ģΪˣʣҪҪЪȥʲô

ޥѹߵ֣סǸһۣæֳһֻ֣סǻ᣺⡢ܶģ
ߣ
Բӣеˣѹʣֶ𣿡
ޥʣ㻹ǸƻŮأ

˵þ͸㲻ǻƻŮƵģðɣ͸òˡ
ߺߺʣҪô죿
ޥתԴ˿
˵ҪȻմµĳȥ
ԶԶԣгأǸط˲㶯ģޥæͷ

ޥڼҵʱ˯Ķǻ𿻡βǰֻؼҵݸݸ˵ûţǼ޹֮
ȺԺﶼǰβԺӸ󣬷ҲŰβǰԺŻ󡣸һľͷСˡ
˵жǽµĽֵ̤ҹʱ򣬶
ͷӹӣ·һĸ롣ⶫǣá

ֻ߰ѡս£Ťͷȴޥﻹ߬ǲӲ֡ߣ
ޥɤӣټٵϢһҲˣȥЪЪɡ
֪𴩣ӣˡ

ޥߣվӡ
ݾ»ƵģõĻǱɴӣ͸͸⡣ǰ͸ģӣһ˴ľͷСƵİβаȫУŸҴ󵨵طǻϸ

֪ʲô˻ôÿ
ޥѧ䲻ɣô½˽Ѿ˽ˣ½￴Ʒöˣ۹ȻҲˡű֪⾳
Щ廭öʮ飬ȴٺ棬ܶעдġʼȴİ½ֱʣȴҲһʺ֡
м䣬Ǹ룬Ψ©һƬĶֽϡ
ǡݼϷ

ޥҲ֪Լ׿˶ã֮Ȼ˘ƿŵһӷ͹˴£һҿԡ
ȴߣŵʣ𣿸ˡ
ޥ𣬵һ

װŸѵģȻʲôˣǴСһ𳤴ġһɫ֪û˯߷ۣһ٣ҹһ㡣ֳȥˡ
ޥһæǲҲؽž
켰ͦ˵ģղһֱ񿺷ܣһϮˡĴ

һ֮Ժأˣѣѣˡ컹أ
ޥԭϰһˡˣ죬ҪԲأ
һͰͰˮ̧ƽľˮ֪ʲôǳǳĺɫɢŵ㡣
ޥ²裬㿪ʼϴԡˡ
ߴϢǰĿ˵ˡ
ͬ𣿡ޥˮ滨ꡣ
˵ƽ˵Ҳйүʦء˵үˡ

ʦʦ
ԺĽԱ̿Ρҵѧ
ܳơʦģǵ½йʦ񣬿Ĺ˸ͷܺһʦġһӵĹϵ£ԴиְӶףȢʲôġ

Ժϯ䣻Ժϯ䡣
ģֻһҲ½ˣ½ˣͬѺܵʦ
Բûʲôʽ׻˵ҹʱúأ֪Сǿʵϲ֮һףһ£׸оȱʲôƵġ

ޥϴƽʱʱ䡣ųʱ򣬾ȶˣû
ѾΧסͷͷĸ֬ϴˮ֪ʲôȥϴƤر𻬡
ޥЩͼУŮӡŮӵĻ棬ɵþ
͸ǰΣ½ĵȶһ

յʮ嵭֮ϴˡѾǽͷͨˣĨٷͣͷһƥڵĶƵ
Ҳ췢٣ֻ÷ɵذˡ

ɫˣҲ½һأ˿һж׵ˣڴһ籡ޥ鶼ˣ
ޥȻ֪ν顱ָʲôģˡ
Цеأ£¡Ѿȥǰ˵ˣٺȾơֵˣȥԲҲС
ޥˡ

˵˻Ժ춯躬Цȥˡ
ޥͨͨ
ǽʹԺƺ½˵˼仰ģ˵ʲôأЦʲôѾͷǺߣСĽ¡

һ½ˡ
̵Ũɫϲӣѵô˼糺ɫѡ½ҪΪõġ
ɫ˺ÿƫƽվͲϴ

½߽ңͣվ
ޥҲ̧ȥһ½۾֪ˡ
½òʱ˵¶·ƽʱ죬˿趨Ҳûֻޥ֪½һʱӱˡ

ޥվ½Ѿ߹Ͻ̤ǰֱӿʼ
ޥһΣһ°βĵΧû˵½Ѿʣϴˮ׼˰ɣ
ޥ񣬵ˣ档
½¶ڴͷϣȥϴ裬Ѿͷǽ˵꣬ȥ˾ҡ

ޥ˰ؿڣźѾͷǡߡ÷Ӷˡ
ޥ๫ȥϴˣźš
ԥһ¡
÷½߳ģĶϤȥ׼ѡ
ӱȥź򡣡
ޥͷ˱ͷȥˡ

ʣҪʲô
ޥҲ֪
еãȻ棬û׵ĸֻСˣûѾͷ׵ĸɩӰš
߻źޥ޶û⡣½е޴룬֪ôźΪӵĹүûӺ÷㡣

䡣
ҽȥ絲ţźƽȥ
÷ܿȡ½ѣҲ˾ңҲһƹȥ硣

ޥߴ۵Сۡ
ޥԥҪѧŵ𣿡
߻ǴŮźӣڵأأҰɣ

÷Ӷܿͳˣ̹Ȼص˵ˡ
ӿޥ߶ɵɵز֪øʲôһЦѣٷҲûˡ
ɵӲγѡ






97.   97    ŵ

97

ܸɵˡרΪ׼¾ڴͷĹءϽó, źޥˡ
£ϡ
ȼŵӳģĸоˡ

ޥĽŴҶˡǴϻô, İ籡
˱㶼ûߣڴΧȡ˳ͷ, ֱ۷ɣ˵
ǵ, ޥ

ܿ쾻ſ춯½ôϴˡʵҶ֪, ϶Ҳϴˣȥȥϵĺ;ˡ
ʱ򴩵糺, ϴ˳ȴǺޥһ, ŨĴ¡
ϲɫϣܾˮƵ, ÿѾͷǶͷˡ

½ӻ֣Ѿͷһ𸣸һߡ
ޥƵĿһߡҲͷһ, ҧҧһ, Ҳ߳ȥˡ
û취Ů˼ˣһġ

ޥվ
ͷ⿪, ģֻٲһ, ǰ
£һ
Ůеģɷٲбӿ

½߹ȥϽַ̤˰βӡ
β㘆ȣԺһ½ߵޥǰٷڲ㘆ȵӡ
СƵİβˡ

ʵһŮģ½̲סָĳ˳ķ˿ָ们
컣ޥȴƲס½ȥ
½

½ֺֺЦסޥ°̧Ŀأ
ޥƫҸӣ۾һбſȥûû
ޥô˵ţȴҹǸϣڵϡסġʱ̫ףֻ˳ѡ
ȫˡǸߴ磬桢Ҫȥ
̲סһ¡

½۾һ۴̺õİ籣ٿǹѾˣ
ޥ˵⣬ĿİͰ͵صǸˣЪϢɡ
½һЦüۼ価Ƿá
ſޥ°ͣ´

ޥֻ񱻶סһҶ
½ȥ쵽Ĵץסѣ
Ӽͷʼȫ΢ĿһϮޥë˼Ƥ
½ɿ֣˲õһȾĽ̤ϡ


˳ʮʮ洦ɼ޼ҿɹ񣬿޵ŮѾԤȶ٣ж
յݱϲöһŮ
ţ鷿ָµ֡

˳ʮʮСԻ˵磬˯ˣ
һСϨ£ܿƽ೤
˸۾ͷȥߴźޣĦ

գ¼常úõذһɡ
ʮ弰ǿޣˡ
»͸ˮޥӣʽвǵģɫ»Уóˡ

˳ʮʮϹȼũеصũʧȥأΪ˵ũũ⣬Ϊū͡Ŵӵ˸أūͣʳ
ݳŮ

˳ʮʮ½һԺѾͷ˭ֵҹ
ֻǸ°ٻҵѾͷûܹ/̣ߣֲޥ÷һ˯˴μʱ

˰˸򡣾ܷɴӣ½Ȼܽޥÿһ
ޥޥ¡ૣʮָۣյۣ΢Ľë͵͵صԴ˽ᷢһ
ޥۣ㿴繵ȥãȥءšһһŵԡ
½Цϸϸ
ȥ

ޥ鵽
һܰһ
ͬΪһ

һ£ĸϵʧϵ𣬱˶ŮռеʽС
ޥʱ˿̣еᵽˡռСĸоֻռˣϲİ½ϢΧɣܵģǷ֡
ķޡ
Ѿûбֵˡ

˱˴˰Ѫʢ档ҹＸҪˮϴ
ȼһҹɴ
ޥޥԡ

ȥ

ڶգ½ӭ»ķޡ
ҵĶ̵½˸ǰֲ½˿һ۱˵ͷ
ٿСޣһɨ֪һﶨһҹδ˯¶š

Ӵ˼ӣӴޥ˷
½кȻ΢ᣬ˵ĻϲȻ
·еһʱˣһʱˡ
ʱУػȥˡ

ˡûʲô£ǻȥɡ
½ޥ£ȥݺݲһ
緹ʱ䶼ˣ˷ȥ극һҵȻţеͷʹûأ
ȴһָڴ䡣

һ춯
һҹˣûߵͷˡ
ڿЦ
÷ҲˣһЦ

ѹֹôأܴ󷽷ź½ء
С˵ѾߵģĻߵأȻ˽ʲôʲôˡ
÷ִ߼򣺡ڸǰϴԡź㲻źˣ

룬ǿ϶ܣ˭Ѿͷء̲סС˼䡣
÷Թˣõģʱ򲻽ǽȥҸ˵ԺѾͷҪүġ

ʲôʲôΪʲô
߲룬˻ҪƵġҲʣ¶Լֲ̫ţļٵģ
÷ҵġϣ㣬ʲô֪ġȥ

ѾͷѹߴߴһսڻҪˮˡ
Ӻ÷־һͬһߣȥ
Ҳ֪ΪĴѾͷԼǱùһصģȥëˮ¯ȡˮע룬ӲͷƤ

Ӱſţ÷ڶָڴͷιϡ
ߵͷȥˡ
βɴʣÿһ㣬ֵζ΢ʪʣҲеӻĪĻš

滹һɴʣ͸ܿΡ½ڴߡ
ŽţſӣȴֻţŽڣ¶ʵ塣
һ۶ҿؾصذˮιϡ

֪ʱޥһʲô½ЦŻͷ˵ʶػŤͷһۡ
ĿԽ½ӵֱۣ䵽档
ӻƵĶıһѩѩʢ÷һƳ䣬۵ޡ
Ѿͷļⳡ棬ѪҪ嵽ͷææ˳ȥˡ

½ͶëصޥãѾͷУغߣô£
ޥǴأ
ĸѾͷǴأ˭Ϊ߲ˡ½ˣޥȫƫ̻

޹޵ľһ·ߵӣһû̫õСѾͷӣΨһõľˡֺЩȴǸСһ𳤴ģֲͬ
½ʵǸҪʮָߵˣҲ߸Щ

Ͷëáޥҹߣɡ
ͷţڵ⣬ҵģֲ˿ߡ
ҹףü˵






98.   98    

98 

²޽ԭʮǱ, ֮󣬷ͷۿž˳ˡķչƺԟRͻԤ֮С
ֻû뵽ԟRƼ¸, ȴ˱˵ļƻ
˲ԵˣСļԺţ

ţָ޳ָڴִ, ָԵĵļӡָȴĥԲ⻬ֱƤҲϸ, ָ״һ˿̶ûС
ֵָָϣ˶ıʯӡָߵʱ, ˸Źâ

û뵽ôһصԟR
û뵽һӱӸеɫ
û뵽ָ
û뵽Ͽ
µţЩƫơ

ǳ˸ָġû뵽, ţҲóκһû뵽
ȻԭһЩ, һ㣬ֵʱ򡣿, Լѷͷˡ
ȻˣͲٸȥˡ

뾩ţͰڳ˴ơⳡλ֮, ʵδֹһеһУΪѰõʱ̬ǳѡ
ԟRĴ, Ĺ滮ҲûϵȻ, Ǳǰ³ɡ
һЩһЩûϵ
ⳡλ֮, սᡣ

ʮ£ڸǬ幬ǰΪִţţһۣѥ̤
һ֣кȻһ˲
Ϊţسʲôط֣Ҳ˴ʲôõĸоֻһƸǶɭȻС
˳һ˻ͳֽϻ˭ҶǿʹڳԺڳԵֱ͡ڣû˸Ҷţ˦ɫ

ţţɫ£
ţиתͷڸ󣺡Ǳ˾ܵۼޣ˵Ѿ͸ˣЩеüˣõϣۿ캮ضˣﺮҪ¾Ҫˡۼȵۣž֮ҲۿžǾôȥʶʴǣʲô³̣

¸ϳ֣ˣѾ񻯳ˣϧܸϣſ
û뵽¸һжתƾͰ˦ˣһֻΪ״Ҫãţȿˡ
ԲӡţδھͷſΪĹʲôͳʲôǷǣ˵ñҪʵС

š
ٳϵˣûۡţ˵ͳǷǣʵС
շǳĻӣ˭ͳֵλ˭˭ǣʵУһ

Ȼ֮ʱǵķѾѹԵصʱ˭֪أ
˾µʱѹŴ򣬾ǵķֿʼҡˡҪʱ£һݱͷ˻ǰ۵ɢˡ

㵽ڣԼԼһϭģǵĳҲûһװ׵˵˭˭ǣ˭˭ǵеġ
֪¹˭֡ЩǵĹԱʵ˭ʵ۶ܻȥ򲻿ɸԼ·

˭벻һֱ̬µ۵ţһ֣һ㶨˻
ţ󣬾Ȼκ˶ǿӲվֱ˴
ζʲôе˶ס
ΪţԼ˵ȵۣǡﲻлʵ׾˳ۼѱյľӪҲţ

ʱʮӺ󣬱گȡһɶӾǴͣȥ⹦
ֻڹûȻɶӡگһԭͻģǸɶӻѪͷ­
ʱԼʵѾϻֽϻҲûа취

µ巢ּⶼڸѹסĳġҲ֧ʹţȥɱЩˡԼɱȴԭţϡȥĳɵķӣҡһĳıڡ
ĳҲס
ʵǲģǼȳǿҶ׵ۣǻû˳ͷ˱㶼ݷš
ţѹţܰݷ˭ðٹ֮ɫˣʱ򾹳ǵıߡ

ʹϭȵǣֵֻýگʦ˱ƽ˾ɽ˾һ⡣
˵ɽ飬ʶ½һˡ
·Ŀǣһ
ڤڤУ

ɽȵִﾩǣȻ׼ǲִ£ףбᣬйϢ
ֻ˳ʱţļԺܼ֮£ʲô˾ط
ֱţǰγתһͷ­֮ʱס
û˸ҡ
ţԼ

ף档߻иӣԟRֵΧֻйĵ
ʱÿ˶ֱ壬ÿ˶۾ţ
һ壬ţӡ
˶ףڵľƣһ³ζʤ

첻գö谭¾λܰձս֮ࡣҲʱýˣϵˡţ΢΢ף˵ϲһ䣬ӪǧӪӪɡ
Ӫţ뷨ǸǱһЩʱ³ġ³̬ͻÿһЩ
˭֪˱ٹˡ

ţԽĳǣȦƳȥԟRϣȴβס𾪺ͼϲ
ţĿ΢˻

ߵʵʱعעš
ԟR˵ʱ÷ǳã꣬ȵӵ˿סʱų֡һ֣һ¡
ݳȡȣʱıȴָЩ

⣬ϾһСڽﳤӶѡеıʿ
ԟRΪλߣӵ˲ţ飬֮ܲܳɹѾһϸλˡ
ıʿ˭Ժܻ֪ġ

֮ϣӣиϣʷ١ʱ˿̣һվڴУӶȫ֡
ĻǶվڸΧĽ֮źֻһֽƣǬˡ
òͨźڵƽۣ˾ùʶĿ

˳ʮʮ£ţվӪΧ˴
Ƽת£ʮһ£ɽɢӴܡɽĺ·ѾжϣΨִӸץǵûзſϱͨ·ϰѹؿ
һûץһ첻ܰĵǻ

ţȻ˵ϵ꣬㵱ûϹꡣ
Ի׷ȴţ׽סġձӳ˺뼩ãǿǧˡ׽ӣ˯ûһ̤ʵġ

ţѴൽǰʱ̧ͷһӣһ°ڣڹȥͷʵʵشֱӵ£Ҳ
ڽϣţȥļһˡ

˳ʮʮ£Ժţܻ
£ԵջӼλԪˣڼͳ
ϱͨ·˹ؿ£˱ϡϢﴨϢ

ԪԪ£Ŀ촬ȫء
ٶȣѾ˵Ĵٶȡ£ִϲڽϲΪģɢյ˽ݡ

˳۵ջǻԪԪˣ¡
º永ߡ
ºҲǵջӣͱھɽȦšѾˣҲȥ
˳۵ջӴ¾ΪзˣΪˣһȦɽ

˳ʮսңϽǶˡҪμԪԪĴǣĴ֮أҪھ˳ʮʮ¾͵óǰʦƹ󡢹㶫ȵأҪȻ
ڸ󣬽ԪԪĴƳٵ¡

ǿǵ䱨ĴʱԶƹ㶫ȵرǵʱ䶨ӡ
ǵսأԪԪ겢ûǵĶơ
ͷһȡˣһûпƣ½ԭھ˳ʮԣȻһȥˮļƻ㱻һ졣
һꡣ

ޥο㻹δأЩţŵʱѾүүˡ
޷ٵɡ½ҲΪᣬԶеʱ䡣
ޥ˵żżĸǱߡһܵ㡣

ؿһõϱբĺˮƵģ塣
½ұͨ˼һõϢ̱ɳ˹£ȥˡ
½𼱣ˣû㼰ǣҲĸһؿͣúÿô
ޥҲ˼·ˣأأ֪ҪϹˡҺء
½Ц££ͷ촽
͡

ϱͨؿдڵƷ˺ϴֻ֯½·βһһ˵ع
һˣĶˡŵع鱾Ҳɢˡ
һƺսͦ˹ָ˴ǰķ

ֻʧ˵صũʧɵĵ軧ȥŮȥ˵ˣɢ˵ļͥ׷
ʱȻɣ˽ǳ






99.   99    

99 

ԪԪ, ½Ǵһӻຼꡣ
棬ޥ֡ٻŮϡϣ½Աߡ

ޥΪŹӡؽİӶร, ڹѩ׵ë
½ʱ½ֱˡһЦһҡͷ
ޥյܺÿ, ΪʲôͲϲɫ

ҲûвϲֻǾġϲǳɫˡ½
ޥϲ, ǻϼңóǿĿ
һ˵һ߻Ѿͷó, ԭĸ½Ҳ˴ԲۣǸһ, 󸹬۹

½üëԭԤı
ޥ㴩ɫÿһƲ۾, ·ɾƵġأʹһ
½, ҪҴҲУ
Χڻ, 

ޥĶˣݺݵһۡ
½ӵס, Ц֪ġ
ޥĽǣɾ¸һûʲôġֻԸⲻԸˡ
ޥš, ½ס֣üܵøʲôɣƽף, ûǿ㡣

ޥȣĺ뿴½ѵģ޺޵شӦˡ
½óѣЦ̧֣ãΪ°ɡ

½½һԽͯŮЦˡ
½ĵطһ룿
½֪ᱻĸЦ׬ͷҲգֵ˵أϲЩҲ޷
ޥһ½ǳϲļͼ½źӵͷҲϱЦޥ⿴ž껭߳ĸޡ

ȥ߷½ǣҶһС޾ޣһˡ
½ϷƵƵĽ鶼Ͱ࣬½˺ޥȥæǵİɡ
ޥ룬ô²Ϸ˶úͰˣĥˣ
½ȴ֪մޥĹ⡣Ϸ˲ޥһţ±ˡֲֻʹϱʹϱɴȥ
鶼ɡ½˴ޥΰຼ½׽˲඼һ飬Ůһŵӣޥȥݼ˿͡

½жݼжޥļʶˡ
½ǰຼס½̫үסɽϵԺӣػޥһס˽ȥһСɽֻǣžûΪʲôҰ⣬ʵ½ҡ
ݼҵǧĶɻҲˣڼڲԣ˵ÿˡ

ݼּ˼λĸСĸҵá
ʵͱޥ󣬵½С½硣Ҳúޥɩӣá
ޥ֪˼ҵŮǾҲΪһܡСĸѹҲӦĵѵ׼ġ

֪ʵʮֽ˵
żɿ͵Ƴһ½ҲܿóﻹаĽġҲܹԼֹ½Ҳ񣬻и񣬻һáһ»ĵأûʲôˡ

ͬһŮͬŮһޥɱصͬ½ݼұǴ򽻵
潻̸ӾޥеζͶǼŮڸĸﱶܳ谮ЩСӣҲģɿɰġ

ǵʱ˾Щᡣ
껹˵ɩɩҪ氡
ޥϴӦˣȴҲ֪̫ܡϱδĹﲻһø½Ӧ꣬껹ǡ
еĽء

ޥˣͬ˵ﻰû֮ǰǲġʵڲ֪ԼԸ翴ǽãϸŮ
֪ˣֺÿֿףϲٿԸ翴Ŀ⣬ԸǴɽǣ
ԵĲ˵˵˭б£üԸ紩ĺɫ
ˣ£ʲôӮԵֵˣȻһԣʲô취ء

ޥӦ½½ŵԣ˺üǸ£ʼ׷ޥծ
ޥӦֻܻծ½ģЩߵ¡
ޥҲԼ׬ˡ½ѣʵںÿߵֹһƲۡ
棬һɾ

ſڶʮӡ½ǰ췵̡
½ֿ½Ϸ˸ȥϡ½ϷҲ᣺ĸҲ㣬ֻĸʹˣԸŲ˼ٳǡ
½ڽݣýܻպȥ˱Զ죿
½ϷĨ᣺ʱ˵

ޥ⹫İޣЩͷʹ
½һ򣬺½ˡ½ޥøޥͷ͵͵ȥ½˺½
ȴ½ֻ΢΢ͷʮֵƽ½һ½мƣǿ顣
ǰĸТޥȴڵأ룬½էһü񹫹ɽӴ˲žãʵš

ݵຼˮ·ͨ裬ʱ䣬ʮص˽ݣϻ½˵½ſȥˡ
ۡ͢گˣƳ٣ûпǵĶƣ½滮һ죬ޥοԼҲ

ޥٵϱȵϸû츳½˾ĥԼˡ
󣬲ʲôʼޥ壬˭Ҳû뵽ޥ츳ԭ֮һ
Ҳ˵ţȷģּ죬½˱㷢ˡ൱ض½˵벻벻

Ȣ˶ϱ½ӵĻñȴǰˣҲȤϱݱ㲻Ǻˣϲ졣
һϣ½ĿޥûصǱӲϲ
½ЦϱԸӶӣŵķģ

½˲ͣ½ʲôý͵ġĺ޺ޣͬޥ˵Σ㲻ҪȥԼϲġ
ޥֻЦŴӦȴǴǳǳɫӵѸࡣ
ֻΪ½ϲġޥϲ½ޥϲ½䡰Ư
żŨˣ½Ҳ˵ãȴЦҡͷ

½Ҳǿתͷ˵ʲôʱףԼʵڱȡҪ
˼͵ʱܵԺĺˮ죬ǻ㣬Ҳ
½˲űҭס

ֻ½ȴ½½˵˸̫õϢߣ˵µʱɽ
½˺½ԾϢɿ𣿡
½ȽϿɿǵһµı˴ϢֻǴ֮ǰľǵ£ûע©ˡ
Ҳб½񣬾ǵϢ½еĶˣиɽĶϱɽŵ֪Ϣ

½ֻ֪ΪңôҲûȥ׿
˶˵ǵȥˣ±ûˣʱ֪ˡ£ҿȲҪϱ˵ˡ

½̧һۣȥ½ˡǡ½
ĸĿײʱϬ
½˵Ǹޥɡ
½Сαǡ
½ǺˣԺҲǵҷˡ

ǵҷˣеҷ˵ĵ
½˺½ҲԼ·Լϣȴ˴šΪá壬㡣˵ӣǾ̲˵ġ

ޥĸȡ
էϢһ˲ĺɫҲһ˲
漴ȥ˼

˵ʱ½Ҳû˵ܰ
Ƭ̣ޥ̧۾˵ҵǲɽˡܸϣӦûʲô¡
ǸϲϡĬƬ̣ǿЦ˵ҵߣҲʮ˸˵ġЩڣǾһأҲûôױơ˵˸֮䣬ԭŻԮΣҪŲסҲʵҪϰҪΪ˽˿ڣ̫ģùףȻƹȥҰׯȥץˡ

ֵ˵ˣɽЩκ롣ǳ͢Ҫ⼸Ҳ¡Ҫϰȵôһ̡ʮֱ뺷ģǿüҲûô׾ͳ
СŸһҲû֪ʵ١
ֻҲ벻ϵ֪ʶʵжôǸУɽڵʱ鵽ʲô̶ȡ

˭û뵽Ͳ󣬾֪¡
˵ʵһССٻʵ㲻ʲôޥҲе㽫ŻŮζˡ
½˲ŶĿ࿴Ƶģԣ϶ģûô׵ġ

½ĸӻ࿴һۡ
½֣ǣס֡
½˵ǣ˵е
ޥų˿

ֻϧˣǲģƫҪ
ϱؿһ½ұȥͬ¼һ˵ͨˣҲǵһʱˡ
ݲͣ޽̵ۣʼʱ½ûȵȥĹ»תȵ½Ķɡ

ɷ糾ͣТûجġ
·˿ս캱
ޥɼԮұˣʬ
°ٻ׹˵̱ڴ
¼ұٻϻγ°Ȩš

ԼɴǸޥļױ
ͣھǵʱ򡭡Щʹ͡ɲ˳˵ֵܷ˷֣ޥҲһݣױ






100.   100    

100 

ױ, żҲС
ڵķкޣŮҼױƲ, żѹ
еŮ޵磬ٷˣǼױˡŮ˼, ȼ޳ȥŮһЩױ
˵ǵʲôʹ, ֹˣһָ, Ҳ˵ͨ

ƽʱޥܿѡޥէج, Ѿ˼ʱجج, ȫû֡ûʲôױȥ
½ҵˣҲûѲױ·ϡµʱȥˡ

½ج, Ҳ
ڶһ֪һҹû˯
˯š˵ܡ
ܣ

Ĵ
½ֻס˵, ˵ˡ

¼Ҷ֮½һ˽ġԹŵĿ, ϣϱܸԼһģϱͻСͷ̵, ϱ
¼ҵӱ˵½ͳĶˮޥֱִʵظޥױʹ¼ޥ͹š
ԭŵӵ, úýúôǡƽ׼ĸ˵һ
벻һ˽ģޥĸŮ

½档
һ԰ԸǶͼԽһҲÿġ
벻ˣԶϱ
ģ

Ѿȴʱٷˡ
½æ۾
ޥһط۾׵ģǿһҹ
½˿иܣɻûڣޥһֱӾ͹½˵ǰĸף
½æȥʲô£˵ǡ

ȴҲޥСʵȣ˿ʹǧ׹½ġ
ס½˵ֱۣͷĸףңȥݡ
ʵµһ̣½˱µˡޥ˵ͷԣȥˣ˵

ޥſ½˸мѡ
Ҫˡ
ŮΪĸɥżҷТɡסýȥְæģûʲôݺͽݣǧ֮ңģޥȥݣ˼Ҹᱻ׼
гŮǧרΪ˻һҵġ
޵ԶŮӣһûعҲġ
˲˵ŮǮԼˣͬڶͶ̥

½˵üȥ
ݺͽݽ̶ͨһ¡һȥͣʱ䣬ףһ֮Ҳǿܵġ
ޥԥһ£Ҫ飬ҸȥС
ޥ̫ҵ½ѧҵ½ѧҵҵ¡ܻĸ׼һݣѾʮ֪㣬˵½

½ŭɫʣǼԲԸȥ𣿡ʵܽԼĶһĮˡ
ޥԾ½ƽʱ¶Щˣϲŭɫһ֡æǣǵġ
ͷңһûͬ๫

½˻ޥʲôﱩ¶ޥһСĻ
湫žڣޥȥ£½ǸġΪĸڣԶΣ˵ϱǶԶţõõĸ׼

ޥʮһ㡣
½ޥɷ򣬶ޥκ飬еһȨ
ޥ˵ˣͬ⣬ֱӱ㱻ˡɷ򶼲ͬĻһǲܳԶŵġ

½˵ˣ½ͬ⣬򻹵ȥ취½½ͬ⡣Ŷ˲ͬ⣬װ½븸ĸìܡ
ޥɴֱƹ½

½½֮䣬˭֪־Ȩʵ½˶½
ޥֱ½˲Ϊϱ˵㣬ޥߣ½˻ͬ

ޥԼʵûκεİȥ˵½
ȥ˵һʿͬԼĶϱȥһ񷨺ͳ鶼̫ϵ¡ޥ޷
½һʿ
񷨣۱ţ˭ʤһʿ

ޥе½ˡ˵Ҳ˵½ˡ
Ϊ½˵˵ʱ򣬱㽫˵½½ӹȥˣޥˡ
ޥָм

½˼½᣺ү˵ϱý̵ǽڡʵĸ׶ϸҴһ˽ģϱߣø׽ȴĸŮүⶼҡ
ޥȥݣѾˡʵĻҹѰô˯ž
ˣмһȥĸɡҲ˼ҿ½Ҳ֪ͼǺ壬ֿʫ֮ңԭ͸ġ

һҵϱǧҡ½է֮£б졣
½˵ĻҲ˼һ£Ȩ֮һ½ϵͬˡ
½Ӱ۽ǵᣬ޵үȻ񡣡

½ȴĥһ¡
ޥԼ޹ձյɥϢĸ˵˵ȳ壬Ѿûˡ
½ԭ̫һ¡լˣϸˣױЩŪԴﵽƭǮĿĵġ
ֻٿȴ΢ˡ
ĸֳ̱ʧ١

ү½ʣүЪ𣿡
½ղԸ漰Ȱĸ׵ϱϵ½䣬԰οӼ䣬ŵҾͲˣúЪϢɡȥ
½һֱͷմ۽ǣ½һߣ̧ͷѾȫû˸ղԹ԰ģƽػѾͷȥмԺޥﵽ

½ﻹȥţ½ֱӸԺ˼٣ڼޥдɡ
ѾͷҵʱޥžɵͬޥһȥϷ
½˼Сޣ׸ޥ㸸ˡ
ޥһӾ͵ˡ
ԶŮңôѰҺ޵½ңҺ½š

½ȴʲô֪죺ʲô
½˱֪ޥûͬ˵ֱӸ½ޥݣ㸸Ѿˣޥȥһˣһĸ̽һ¼ҹүԭҲǸе֡
Ǳ֡½˻ѹ½µ

£½ûԥֱӴӦǡ
Ӧ꣬תͷޥһۡ
ޥһֱͷ
һ½ʵûа취һŵģʲôޥرǷ޼¡˲岻֡
ޥԼȥ

Ϸ½һǣסޥ֣ĬĬԼԺȥ
ߵӻµʱޥס½֣ͣŲ͵͵ʣ㡭ǲˣ
ĸɥưܣ½ֻ΢̾һûУ߰ɡ

һȴû
ޥͷ֪Ĳԣ𣿡
ˣɤӶˣʱŰ󣬵͵͵ģ

ǣҺ½ת£㾹ƹֱȥĸס
ޥ˴µ߼½һת½ǰӦǡʱ򣬾Ѿˡ
顢ΪĿһУ׼ҵؼǸ㹥ơ
ÿһֶǲԵġֻȡҪĽ

½ʮġ
ǲ½Ϊ˺֣֮ǲ½µ
һġĵǣܿܡ߽ԡ
һ㣬ޥǲסʱȥݡ󡣹ʶˡһعصˡ
ޥشͷ޿ɱ粵

ҹ紵䡣
½̾һ§סͷԼļͷ
ɵӡ޺޵ȥݣ͸˵ô᲻ͬ⡣һ취
֪ʲôǷޣһ壬ֻдʼ䡣
ޣԭǸù˵ġ
ޥͷʮʵؿˡ






101.   101    

101 

ɱ֪½ޥһȥ, 벻½ҾȻʺ
ˣ, ָޥһ¡
˵ҵʱ, һ¡֣֡

·ǹҵ, Զ޵СŮûüȥݸҲкö¶ûüأôĿ
¼ﶼסֻ˭Ҳûޥ, ΪɹݣҲֻɥѡ, üԲΣʹԻˡ
ֻ벻, ½Ҿ

½׼㱸˴ȥ½򸾸ǰ, ˵һ°ھ͹¸Ƿ˸񣺡þ
½ֻ߲ѵñͷȥ
½ɷ, صֶһ, ˵һ

ᣬл½һޥȥˡ
ޥһ, ½˺ȻøЩʡ
ôôأ̲סʡ
ǶˣȻˡ

ǰޥһԺӶƵġѾͷǶЦٷʰ, ɤһһޥҲЦȹսϷ
Թ֣Թѧϰ

ó㡣½ע֮ʹӣԵĶ
һʼֻǸģĵμҼﶼ˰˱ܺС
Ե𣬿ͺá

뵽һȥ£½΢΢̾˿Ȼʧ
ʶ·½ѧҪ뿪ȥຼѧǸʱ
ӳ˶뿪ĸҲߡû˭˭һӡ

ҪԼ½վˡ
ˮƣٷֲڣ˵˭أ
˵Լ½˵ĸһྴͣӳȥѧȥޣ˵ŮĵСްɼ˾ͼ޵˼ȥһ˼ҵˣ㻹ĵòáһǰԵϣ˭أûеġ

ȴЦˡ
½˵Цѵ˵ˣⲻ̸ҵģ
ȴЦҽĲ˵һ¡
½Ŀ

ڿڣûŮŮϱѾ޵ȥ˼ˡԺ󰡣ǰ㳢ҩТҲ

߳ȥȢ߲ȥɥ߲ȥǰƶ󸻹߲ȥ
Уɥ˵ӺɷһΪգɥ˸
ΪյģŮֻϱ

½סһ˼ô¡
ޥǱ˼ҵŮ޵ļԺٲˡ
һ̾ȻĸףҪõö࣬׵˼һŮ

һ
и¡ֹøø˵һ
½ü£
½ʵϵԺ͸֮ףԥΪѵͨСˡ
Ҳۿȥ

°˵ǹܡֻ֪ˣù֣룬ǸǶ˵һŵ½˺裬һأ¼Ҹٷ˲ļױѹӾһǧ
½˺һۣӶԷп˲졣
Ҫ֪ޥ޹ʱ򣬼ױжءֻһӵѹ

½˵ȥݵʱͿ¼׾ˡ
һˣŬڿǰάһƷ佫Ҹе档ֻҪǮǿĸо㴦ܲõضزסġ

ô𣿡½ʣھʲô󹦣
漴üΪ֪ɽھǸûвսɽתһȦתȥˡ
οʲôͣ½ȻĹ֮ޣɶԳ͢ʹͶҲһ֪ġ
һۣĪǣǷʲôƣ

ٷĶҲǴȥġֻٷĸɥ񲻴ãʰġѾͷСϷǣҲûʶЩ֣ͬ˵˵رʵڣģﶼ岻֡кп˿һƤë۵ģмƥӣġŵȷǴӾǵġ

½ʣû
ҡͷῴ⺢ء
ԱڣҲõʵʾʹͣԱٵػһЩĶ

½˲
վϵ˵ǣֵܸûأ
½˻Ȼпܡ
˵ݲļױֵǷֹ֮ޥһݡֵǹںСõļױ򱡣ɴû֣һȫأ
ôһ룬½˵˵ͨˡǰһӵʹȫޥ
޵¼ʵ˼ҡ
ס

ֻ½ˡ趼벻ʹ͵ȷǾǵõʹͣȴ¼˵õġ
Щʹͣǻġ

ʵںնɱӭ֮󣬻бȽϿԣˡ
ԟRԳƵս˽ɽɽȻͷóϽԼ˶٣һֻ۱һֻˡ
Ϊ֮׹õʹࡣ

ܿϵϣСд־Ǿ͸ûٻغ㣬ԼȫҸȥˡ
ڳ䶨ǻ˴ӣĻӡ
ΪʾԼ;˳۵ͬԪ˵ûżѶǶַȥǰǶ˾ǣ
УĿ¾ǣûгΪ̫ӣǷ
£ʮֵѰζ

ֵǸֵĵͬȴһ㣬ôҲ˦Ѳˡǻڸ̫ӣȴ
ǰֻֿ̱ѶԼ׶ϣʹٿ긻ǿĳǣԪ˵ۺȻԼ׵ˡ
ǣĿŲ̫˳۰

οԪ˵ۻ˳ۡ˳ǻλʮꡣ
Ԫ˵۵ǻʱ򣬻ȾһͷɶӶܵˣ
ֺ껪ȥʶ̬һҲ˳ۡ

ڸϴԸšȸǶ
ԟRԼŻһסӴھ˸
Ԫ˵۵ǻ󣬴ҿʼֺ۹ͣĹͻԶҲ֪ԟRɣ֪ãһԪ˵۵ĳ谮
㿪ʼ£

ڻʹ͵УϡԪ˵ۻǵأԪ˵۲ǵãԪ˵۵ĻҲŻʵۼǵء
ֻˣʹȻ͵
ԟR˵Ĺ͸һӣͣȥ

ԺﶼˡԟRһ䵥ԺӡȻСţƤƵĵȥס
˳ҲѧҪһ
˱ͱܣסһҲ㡣㽫᷿ǣҲʹǲظԵһ˼һԺˡ

ÿգ㿪ʼʲСʼŪֻŪŪţˣʣ磬ôһ·ļƣ
ŵӣŶҲţСЩҪ͵ɽȥ
Сһˣ¹ʾ䣬ֱ˿϶

šһƬ̣˵Ϊ˾ң¼ҼɢļױҲˡ֪Ϸк޵ġ
ױĹż̧ͷӲù
С̾˿
ǰҲãǰδҲãôðƫƫԵ졣

СͿ˳ʰҲʹ͵ġҪǿʲôǻǶ˵ģֱóӣʲôȥǡ
ҲǿӶ˹
Ժ󣬡˵ӱǡ

ʱյǻ滹ʰбºݵıˡʰҪޥĶȻ˵ɽϢ
ϢСɨġ

ԟRϲˣ˳̣빬Ҳš
ԟR
ڹʱ򣬷СЩرϲڹϹ

ͿǳĿֿ֬ģرϲҲùҲãϲۡģɫһǸˣ仹ų빬ǵƣҲ
ԟRȥʵۣšС˵øʱأȥתת
Զˡ

С֪ˡ
Ҫ˵ԹǣȻҪϤöˡţԱ˵Ȼɽ˶䡣
Сתͷȥ⼸Żʰ޶ɽˡ
ֻǸղʲô

СȥסԱر𹧾ʩ̣С˵Ľ޵ɽһֱʮֹղϡᵽɽɽʲôģôҪȥʵɽǿԸС˵˵𣿡






102.   102    

102 

С, Ѿģòε̲ס࿴ۡͿſ֬ȴҲ˷С
֮ʢ, ¡ʲôûͿ֬ھҲֻѰ
ȻһڴųɳĹٻȻ˵޵ɽе, ǰɡԱڹκλ¹١Ǿ˳µĺ֢
οСò˿, ˲ģнͷġ
˱ʮֺظɽԴ, һƬŮ춼˼ࡣɽǱִŮ, Ѿɽķȥˡ

Сʣʲô
Աﺣϰ, ɽɨһȦǱʧ, ˶˺öŮӡص޵ģǷ

СЦлλԱתȾܡ
, ɫʮһֱɽһˣƽȥ, Ҫġȫ˼λϣȫȻûעɽϢϲ

ʣ˵ʧжأǱô
Сԥһ¡
˵ǡ
Сŵ˵ɽȥûϣ߶﷫ˡ°ߵĴ󲿷Ů, ɽȱŮˡԲҪǷŮˡ

ɫˡ
СԼ˵ţ¹ｿ޵ò˶٣¹﹦൱, ǿӦûû¡
Ĭܾãŵǡĸǿָң֪ġ

ʲôĸ˼¹ҪٶףǱ˼ҵĸˡ
ױ˼׼ˡ
Сᣬ˳Ļ˵ǣȻµġǸҪȻһˣ

ԟRڸֿСʮ»һ嶯Ҫȥһɽϴһ嶯ɾսˣء
Ȼƽ￴żȣѹźöණЩһ£֪ɳЩʲô
ÿɷ

ȷʮȥһɽȷһƽ¡֪ԳС
Ԫ˵۲Ÿյǻ޴ڸǸʵ۳üˣʵֻߺɿڡ
£ԟRȥܡ

վÿ˳һˡ
Сһֱ죬˳࣬ų졣
СŲˡ
òȷʺϸȥǰҵʹߡ

˳ʹѺȥˡ
ɽòԶʮ졣
ɽؼңһ·ߣһ·ɨбˣΪˣ缸ջȥҲڼҼɡ

˳˳͵ݣһ·Ҳ֪˺ܶǰǲңʯĳˣ̾Ϣ
ҵµ¼ұ¼ҵݴ°ء

°벻Ǵ
˳ȥ̱ڴϵγ
γǰҲ󺺣͸˳̱࣬ˣۼˡ

Ǵˤŵأһʯͷ˺С˲أȴû֪СҲˡ
ڶТ˳רź
˿ҲɾֻζҲûǿ˿˳

ɺãʡ
á˳ش𣬡ǰõˡ
ǾͺãǸӣԼ·ġγ̾Ϣʣǣ
˳Ǹ磬Ƕµġ
γͷʣǣ

¡˳һҴ翴λǰţǶ֪ɽô£ҳǰ֪ҸʮֲģֻүǰѲŽˣҿۼТǡ

γݵˮǺǵսˣ͢캱
ŲǸ¹˳ȴһСص˽ڰǣۼҹ
°ڿվţ˵ˡ˶٣̾ÿ޵硭

Ǻһֱңÿȥ˽ݡǻûӣӲؽȥ
ﶼսˣܺûҪôһҪô͸ԵŮƵģ°ߡ
£ü޵磡

˳ϥǣۼҹ޵ʲô˼ȥ𣿡
°ؿγγ˵޵ͦõģຼ½ңʫ֮ңŵڡ񹫹ڽй١ҹүѾ˹šСӼ򵥵ƽƽ

򵥵ƽƽ
˳ƽˡ
γû˵꣬ſ˳ȥ㡣ңѾûϵˡúãҵˡֻҼˡѾˣٲܸйϸˡǸ׺ӣֱ˵ǡ

˳͸ˡ
ԴΣһ¡Ϊۼɢ˲ټҲƣ񾩳ǵ¶ˣĶ££һûȫҵ׶Ҹˡ
ӻֽݸγˡ

γʶ֣°ֱֽ˹ȥ򿪿һۣԾСôࣿ
˳ҸԼļҵ׶ˡ
ֵݣһǸģһݡǵġ˵ļױҲΪˣкޣױڷ²ùʸĶһЩλ¡

°ص㡣
ֻǵڣȻǰ»ǵγġ
γûӣֱӱͷ㣬ģ¼ˡԺ˭Ƿ˭ˡ

˳ʵãҪĲǡǷǸԺǾͲغˣھǡ˼Ժʲô¡
áγȴֱӵʲ˵ˣ˭ҲǷ˭ˡԺ󣬽úõػùǡҼжӣѾͷɷ򡣴ңľˡ
ϣ˳ûʲô˵ˣֻ̾

°ؽд˳ȥ˿ͷŰ嵥γ˵ˣǧӣкЩۼҵҲûǧɣ
¼ǴγһƶӵȷҵʱüҲѹ˼ۣܵأºʣȥһǧӡ

¼ͳİĶȥӣһŲһٶټϼĸ˵ٺ»ϳԵãżЩӡǮϢҲˡ
ССٻңѾǼҵˡ

ʱطϱļױܶܶĸƶˣļױƵҵȥȻˡ
°̲ס̾һ䣺ۼҵʱҪǧӣͲһˣ
ˡ䵽߽ȥҲûʲôǾӣ˵ܿž
ֻ˵Щʲôá
ҵɣѾȫһûͷ·

°ظֵ̾꣬ǳϢ˰
Ĺ⾰һ־ǧˡ
γٳϢҲ޹ء
°ǺҴûմ

γģԺ¡
°ɶɽھǣ
γȻ֡
°ö䣺ϣҪԺȥռˣ£ұˣ࣡

γ̾һ
ãǸ˹ˡ˵ˣȫ˵ۣһˡ顢ֶӲǸĺӡˣԺͷġ
ֻǣ޵úãڹðȡǼôţٸˡ
Զ»´ǧż֪˲ˡﵽҲûвǣֻ

°ĨĨ۾ġ׵ġ۲Ϻȵġ
γͷ֧ʹȥһ¶ɡ˵ðɹȥأϵʱ򡣡
ǰЩ¶ŲٳֵġֻﺣɨѾͷϱ̫ϵӶʧˣҲʧˡ֪
Щֻ°ȥˡ

ȥˣγӣ뵽·ǰǺزģǵ۾ֳᡣ
һӣһֱһŮ
ǰ뱲뱲ӡ
ϢˣѾ˸ԲĺҲܵϣЦ
ﰵأҲûǾ䡰ٷšԡ

ֻûˣγûн˽ӵɿС
෴ãȻֻ̿֡ȥÿһ¹ͥǰ̵شʵİġҲòǵ˼
һأ¼ұ°ٻ
ͻȻûˣγ֪Ժ˭ʶãȻ

룬ǻؿǸӰ
ֵģִ֣ƥ䣬ﻹǸӧǹ
žô׷ȥקסͲأôͷͳӣôӧǹһ᣿
ȥˣôؼңкЩҪܶ
Ϊţ̤˸ӣˤ
һʯͷ˺






103.   103    

103 

˳ʱϵú, ¼ո˵˹ؿˣȥݱɥû, ˡŶˡ
ɰ°ʰͦŴһԿţʮָп

ô¡
ҶΪޥǰǼȫûˡ
ͻɵ, Խ֪Խá·ʱͶ˹أѾ֪, ˭ٸ߶һˡ°ɶԿһۣ°ظʹ˸ɫ, ϻ⣬ϣ˵ܹۼҵĶΪ˰, ùˣļױҲˡ˼һ, ӱˡ
ϻȻ޵Ҳ֪ͼġ

˳°ؽ, ¼סһڶ°ٻسˡ
صټ, еԥ
𣬳ʵ˵, һֱġ

ڻĴǰ˳ͼӴף˵¹û, ȥѾˡ
û£һһ, ɬȻôͼ𣿡
˶٣׷ʣ޵ʲô˼ңôôͷˣ
ҪǶµĻʮ룬̫ˡǲǸйϵ

˳˵Һ¼ֵһϵľƣúġ¹޵ͦõģ½˵ຼĴ壬ʫ֮ҡʿڽй٣ǳɳԶأǰǶ֪أѾ˹Ǹšٻɾ⽭йٵ˱Žסٻ˵ġ

ֻңĸսˣ캱ٻˤ̱ˡڼﳤӳš˳¼κ°ٻתĻ˻
ҲɽΣʵ׼·սǳĬá

ĸӡ̡
һظŵȥĸǹѧúܿ죬ĸʮָˣֱĵǿٱѧˣ˶
ۿûһֵĸֻôýġ
ǹˣĸһ˺ӧǹǹźĲסˣɵʺʱ󷢺

СģԺҪǸҶáֵĸǹ
̧˫ۣͷʮһصĸϣСҡ
ĸЦǹ
֣ҲϸƣٺÿʱӦˡ
ȵϳǣСȰѽڡˣӦҲǸˡ
ʱ򣬻ǺϣȢϱġ

ֵĸ˸
۽̧Ѿ׺ɣ
˵ģʡ
˳΢̲ס°ϴ˴꣺ǣתԭ

°ٻǸ̬ȣ˾ж¼ҺͻĹϵ
ֻǸССٻ۶óϢˣԺܸϢԸͻ
˳ѹ
߶ˡ

֪ˡ˵Ҿ
˳վߡסСҲȥˡ
һֱֱС˵үټ

վ°ڣС鷿ȥˡ
ĸТҲ
Т˲֣һѷɫƫǸūͣиͳһĹƣɲԼ
һ·ϣŬزԼȥޥѾ˸¡

ȥŮ˺£˸ͷ
ȥֽ˸ͷȥѡ
ȥһӣһֻԶ޷ʩеķʽͷţڶռʹΪӡ

ȥ룬Ͳѹ
Ҳŭ
޵ã뽫Լ˺

˳뿪¼ң¼ҰѻָޥĶãɱѺż·ȥˡ
Щ°ٻԼӹͱһһؿˡȷ˶û˽Կ˿õļױŵͷС

ˣ°ٻҹţŷ
Щױżͦˡ
ǰ·Ϊޥļױðͷ˺ü͵ſ˺üΡ
ھȪ֮飬Ŀ˰ɡ

ȻŵϢ
°ٻȫ֪ܲȸʪֻζ֪Լʺ˵
Ҳڿϴƨ˵ˡֻԼҲоѡ
šɶ˼

֮û죬Ϸǵڶ̥ˣÿ죬緢ˡ
Ѿܵ°ٻϲүүүүеܵˣ
°ٻϲȥǹǣԼȥųԡ

˶£Ҳ
ͷ̥Щһҹڶ˸ŮԼһ
ȰŮãۼҵĹŮۡ㿴ùãĸ۵ġ
ַǳ㣬ҪûŮˣ͡򣬶Ͳ򲻵
ʱ䣬ࡣ

ϲŮϢҲ͵°ٻС
°ٻֱŮð
ȥ˵û߶̣ŮãһֱżŮأж̱ģȫСŮ

ȥˡ⼸ˣãŮ˶ǴӲҲʲôԺԺˡ
Ҳֻ¼Եļң

°ٻڷ룬գϱһҹôҲͦˡ
㻤סϱͦ˰
°ٻŵ˳
ۡ

мױˡ
С䲻ˣ˶ڣԺ󻹻ؿ֦ɢҶ
ӹžϱּңˣͦá
ûʲôǣˡ
ûǣˡ

½ޥ˴֪ޥԭδ
½ε˵֪½·ˡ
ޥ֣һģһ
α֮ǰʱǿ٣ûϸʱޥѾβˡ֮ǰʱ򣬿ǴӼϸһ·µ˽ݡ

Ƕµ·õ촬⼾Ҳ˳磬µ׵ʱ㵽˼ϸ˴
ޥû˵ģЩ
⣬ȵ飬½Эˣ
ޥԥһ£ҪȻһںţģܲˡ

½һۣ˵Ѻϣż
ԼޥԥεԺҲǼϡ
Ҳ÷ûµģܸϡǰһԣ֪½
ޥģҲ

еĻԲҹһոϻ˼ҡ
ֻ˭û뵽һƬɡ
ɡޥˡ½ǳԾ

壺˭˭ˣﻹ𣿹
ϣȥʱѾҪˡһֱء
ɩ϶ˣ̥ûôѡͷ̥ͷ̥ѡ
Ůͦһ죬һ
ܶ࣬ͦͶ̥

ɽкһТ漱Ҵҳأأ
ɳȥסŵ˶ˡҺ£
ȻŷӦ˭ˣ
ɫһףɩӣɩ

ȴϵء
һתͷ°غ϶ˣТ
ǶûأƽƽǶˡǣ˭ûˣ
ɴסʡ

°ؿ˿ܵܣֿ˿һҿʵú÷Ĩ˰۾˵ˡ
ɾˣôᣬߵʱ򣬵
˵γúõġȴסΪγ̱ˣûġáһһ׳ݵһѹͷۿ˥ȥˡ
ĹʵʵҲ㲻ͻȻԤ׵ġ
ֻǵӵĲԸȥѡ

½ͻȻޥ
ּۿطסӡ
ޥ˹ȥ






104.   104    

104 

ޥһ, μԼСڼģûгޡ
ûг, ûкĸ׷룬ʱҲһ˺ӧǹ, ս
ֻһжǻӰرˡ
ԼǰĹ뷿, μ
½˵ʲôأ

¹ȨѾˣӪ, ţ
Ҳʵ˵ط
ɽ, ߵϢ


ϱͨˣϵϢɿشھһ, 󲿷ֵϢ½Ѿˡٽɽһ·϶϶Ϣܰȫˡ
°ʵ¼ĵ, ½֪ȫòȻԭˡ

ޥ䣬Ҳ, Ҳǣԭˡ
ڽݵʱ, ֪ڴ̣ŵʵۣ֪ϰյҲù, ҲءŮġ
ֻ½¾ãһֱЩôңԶ
ʱڴǰĿϣ֪, ЩңԶһֱЮ»ǸϣӹɥʱͿʼˡ
ԭûӵˡ
ǵõԼ϶Ǳ˵ʱ֪ۡ

Ͻˣϲкһμ˺ˡ
СӣĿ˵ǡȫˡˣΪȫҾʣôˡ
ޥ۾ʪˣ
ȴ
𶯱𶯡

Сġ
Űɡ

ޥû¡ֻһ·Źۣһʱ
ҵɫȴϲӣĪ
½齱ߣס֡
ޥڻϲˡ
ޥס

Ӽ𣬵뿪ǰԲҲðˡڼƽ˵
ޥҲɵʵµ˾ǿǷС
½˴δ߹½Ҳδ߹ЦУָֻѾͷŪЩ˵ˮˮ

ڹ½ûżޥ֪һģҲʵϱǰ
ߵ˶ƽ͵ޥУҲûż
ʮ壬ûԼΪż
Ȼ꣬ľˡ

иӣþǶõġ
ϡ϶ˣȥ˵һ
ȱ֣ÿ˶æ϶ӣǴӣܲٳ

һӶ½үеǸˡ
½ʲôʱˣֺα˵Ҳ
Ǹʮָ߸ƶ˵Ĺӣʵͦӵˡ

ڶù˷ޥЩˮˮһ˵
Ž¶
½о·䣬ʹ࣬Ҳľܻޥֻᡣ
ֻˣȥ˸û̿ɴľǣȴ飬ҽˣϸеķûˡ
Ҫ

ҲҲ𣿡ʡ
ҶѹɵȷҲˡ
ӢҲҲˣޥૡ
ϿˣкؼҵݸݸҵɩǺܿҵѾѾͶ䡭
˼Ҳеؽ֮ģ඼ñҳˡʶ˼һйﱣסģˣûҳġ

½˵˼֣ޥ顣ЩʮҪãЩйڽǡڣ˶ûˡ
ˣ򵥡ǡ
ҶԸȥ롣

˵γ
ԭߺ϶ƽ֮γҵض
ţر졣°˵죬ҺɩӴ粽šѾײˣȻˡ
˵ȥǼС档

ޥһ¾ˡ
½֪⻰еʣס֡
ȴ֪γᣬһ͵͵СҪʲô·ŭ֪϶Ҫ£͵͵·棬۵Щ
ŮǶ֪

γعⷵգ˵һ仰°ض˭û˵
γȻЦˣЦʮ֯}ˡ
㲻֪ҴжÿֺÿҸФſ˵ңһȹ˯˵

γعⷵյĵʱǡϡϽȥޣ͵ƻ谵ֻ°һڿߡ
ǳӣԼȥ±ȵ֪ܵöö࣬ĸȥĥĸף仹̡
°͵ƻƵĹֻëȻ

ϡϽѾ°ڵƹ﷢ǻΪĹȣ˵
°ʲôû˵
Щܣɡ
ǼСȻγ档
ֻ°ؾãǵ˵£Ҳס

һЪϢˡ
ӲӳҴֲڣޥ֪½϶ϰߣȴҲ˵ֻĬĬţޥ§ڻ¿աŵ˻úúõػ
ӵšȻ¼Ҿɥ£ޥʱУעһϣ·һƵġ

ޥָ½֣½ָĶӣζżΪ˸ĸϲá
ֻޥȵƣȴֵĸо
֪½ǱΪ½ġǾãһעŮ
ޥҲ֪Ϊʲôֵĸо
Ҳ˵

ڶ½°ĸ°ȴ̾ˣûˡ
½Ȼ
ԭԲӹˡΪͨ˼ңԣöˣ׳ӡŮˣҲҪ䶡ڡ

½ĳӼп
ץˣʹնɱ޹ΪͶ״㱻ų
ϺжˣûֵסץˡҲˡ

½ĬãŶ飬ΪѾ֪֡˻֮ɾ壬֪
ֻ֪ۼˣԼԭΪ֪ǳ̬֮࣬㲻߳Ժӣ̤ţŢ߽һǲ֣жġ

ʱںʹǶˡ
򿪣ྫµƷڽޥķС
һδߺһġҪ˵ӣߣʱ򶼾Ǳģүһôܵˣ־Լȥ˽һ꣬Ҳˡ
ЩѾС˽˼æϡ϶ʱࡣ

ӶŻˣĴߣ̾š
ʶ˼඼˼ˣͽıڣֻʣ¸Ӽ
ûвĽӵģ¼Ҵ޵˽ϣųһǳϢˡ

ޥҪĹȥݼ˶̫⣬ȥ
ޥֻ֡Ǹ·̫ˣûסǾ˼ңвġ
Ǽ˵Ĺɷ򣬸ɷġ°Ƕ˵˵
½ޥ־ǿĿ⣬̾˿֣סޥ֣㣬ҪסѾҪĸףҪڰ
ޥ˵ͷ
վȥĹϡ

ޥҲŵˣȴӦ½ȻơֻĬĬᣬЩֽ˼ͷĹǰ૵صЩʲô
½ߣԼҹúܺáҲáϹġ֮ġ
ɫ£ͬǰģ̫һ

ԼΪû˵ΪԼҲΪһĸס
һ·ǰߣջߵһ
棬ţţգǶΪûеˡ






105.   105    

105

һޥʱȥ, ·ǳ·ϵ£վٻس̡ǴС˻ؽȥš
½ޥסˡ

ɩǶޥı仯
˵ǰֱˡ˵·һˡ
ޥ죺ôһ𣿡
Ͽ϶˵һ
еҹζˡ

ɩɩ˽ڽݵ, ޥ˵ˣǲҪġ
ο˵Ÿǲġڿǲġ᣺֪ˣöˡ
ޥѾ˵ˡָĹϼɨա

㻳, ÷Ǳߴôţ
Ǵǰڹеޥһ±Ƶطʡʲôš, ޥֻ̧һԼɩ, ġ
Ͼ̾Ҳۡ, ѽ

Сĵʣǡ˵˵𣿡
ءϵǴ˼ҽ, ҵǰﴵꡣˡ
ϵǰˣӴòԶ, Ҳٲҡ

εǻȥһˣҲˣһӵҲûˡܵһ, һǸӱ˲, Ҳ֪ˣǰƵļ͹ӡ
ôһ, ˶Ƶġ
Լƽᵽңûôˡ

ϸޥ֧У, ҲᡣǸ˼ϧ㣬վá벻ɣţһˡммǣˣһҪ
ޥֻ΢΢ͷƬ̣֪ˡ
ȫǴǰ·ʱŲģˡοѹ

ЩǰɸʲôˣҸһܣȥ
ǰأҲҸһܡ㿴½ҹүʲôӣ𣿡
Ͼйˡ

½Ȼס¼ңǸ°ɴ򽻵λɩɩ򽻵ϡϵʼջƵģһֱûڵϡ
ĹӣȷûԴ°һĶԴ
˵ӲֱӣЩªķʳ춼˯ԣʲôۿ½һģϡ϶ĵ׸еЩǸء
ܾί
ȷ;½ǲһġ֡һҲ֡һ֡һԼɷϾͱ볭ϴ°ʹһ١

ޥĸܡ
ΪѾʶ޵½ңǽһȫͬ硣
Ǹ磬ͱǸֹ
ţ½ϿܶĲͬ뷴Ҳֻţװƽ͵£ܽԼɷŷˡ

žΪʲôᶨݵʱ򣬻ƹ½ֱȥ½˵ԭ
ΪǸһμĽޡ
½½һڽ޵һ࣬½ϷҲһࡣһ࣬ޥվͬһģ½ˡ

ޥ൱ǿԭӣŮܵһΡ϶ųﱧŻµ䣬ޥֻЩƶģûôŻ
½סڱĴ䣬ʹǽ̸Χİٻתת
ޥ˵괺û⡣ֻղãԹءΪܶ˼ҶûŮ˵Եʡ

긻ǿĶǹȶءʵȶҲ򵥣ֻҪ㡪
Ƿԡ
Ů˯
ϣ㰲ˡ

½Ÿޥ˵£ǧǱ˽ٻİٻټȥ
ѾϢըˡ
ҪŮˣ
̫ˣ
Ͻɣ۾Ҫˣ
ŮǴģ
˵ɽһϵĹԱҾū澡
ѽ˴֣ǲҲ˯ɶģ
ΰ㣡˯Ѿͷˣ

ⶼǳ롣
ȻˣҲֻǽɿȦļҾȻǿҾ죬ʼҡ
ģɽ˴ĹԱļҾ졢ū澡һŮҲ꣬Ȼֻڼ񣬲廨
Ů߲ţֻˡ˹Ů˱٣˰ܣŮ˱

ٻϮġγڵʱ°ر㡰Ȩγȥ°ؾͼ̳˰ٻְ֮
µ°ٻȻǧŮˡֻһĶӲɱҶʱͳˣ֪ôַ
Ůӣɳһұ˴˽ţܵžһȺ۾̵ݺӣɪɪ
۾ﶼǾ

°ʮͷۡΪҶҪţŮޣôЩԵİٻء
ƽʱ¼ұˣʱ͵ûˡһűӣԼ쵽Ůз°أ°زԵİٻһЩŮˡ
Ҳֵġ

𳳳ˣ°ðεõϵҷɽ˭ٸ˭ͱҪŮˣ
ճڼｲٻԴ񣬻ϰ߽
ӣҳˣ۰ͰͿ°ؽ˽ЩŮ˶¼ҵĴլ

û취ȻһЩշӣЩŮ۾˵ҹɵʲôǷ¼Ұȫ㡣
漴㺰ɣͱļϳĳߣ룬½Ҳˣ÷ǶˣҲ룬ôַ
һһ𿪻ۡ

һϣ½ͳƣжٳжٻôֲ
ԭȵںʱջˡ֮ͳ˿ڡݵֳɵġ
½˷ûŮӡ
°صŮ˲ϲӡ
½ͳһ°ɣŮ˵ģûҪٷˡ

ڶձȥŮ˵ļǼǡֻ鷳ǣʶֵģʣ°ءɺһ
½ʱæֹԼߵСǡ
ϳŵǼǵľҵ۾ɴˣʶ֣װˣɶʱʶˣ

Ѳһװʲôʶ֣ôأ
ԭһ½½ǿҪƽ۽ʶ֡ϹߣǴʹҲʹպˣģ½ܲˡ
ƽ۸ŰæֻЦ
ʵƽ۸Ǽǣֻǰæ
ƽСǼдһĺ֣ʮ־ηһСӡֵƽ۸ʲôƵģֱ֣ҿɲǹӣǹӵСˡ

½˰æͳƳˡ
ݻܺ½˵øڵϣӵģȲ֡
ǣһȽӵˡڶȣһУиҲгĶӣȸӡȣһӵģȷһŮˣĸϳӵģȸӺʹӸһϳӵģȸ

һ˵ʮֹƽҶˡ
°Ҳ˿˵㡣
ټ˱ʩ䷽

ޥΪУ±ײˡŮһסҾͲݡ
ֻǰӵġ
¼ҴլǰĴյرǱĹ㳡ˣʲô̫󣬶լˡ

ֺĲһ죬ЩŽȥ
½ط֮һֱŲ˵
ޥѾͷ˳ȥôˣ
½ǰŮ죬ȥæˡ
ޥʣ𣿡˶٣ʣǡ˭ðˣ

ûУûðҡ½˵꣬ǳĬ˺ܾá
ޥס֡
½ĿڵϣޣϮޣӣ͢ûµıԴһ⡣ǰΪ˿ƾ˿ڣŮ񻧣Ů/ŮһΪ࣬ǰĩ꣬ɢأоУһһʮڲԱӵֻʣ°ٻһˡ

ƶȣǰû̫仯ԸЩͨ飬񻧲ΪˣĻԺЩ
ɽ֮£˱𴦵ķŮʵ֮ңڳ͢˵ȻǶԵģ϶ǶԵģԴˣûǡҰų⣬ͳ˻ʱ򣬶ûоʲô⡣
ֻǣֱЩŮ쵽ǰʱ򡭡

ЩŮ˵ľ
һˣ½һ֪ŮҸֻͣûɫ䵽˻ľ
һֱʲôϣֱһ³ĺʱˡ
¸ǰʯʨӣһͷײȥѪ˵ϡ

ǺӴ󾪣̾̾ϢʹУп
йˣ˰˵ް
ӱ㽫˿ڼͷֵˡ
̣½һֱšæǼǣīʣҧʣһֱš

Ů˴ǰܹĸһ壬ݪŪݡŶ
ֻһߴ䵽ز
ܵ𺳡

ޥܵŮӵľԥܲܡ
ܡ½ȴޥҪ˵ʲô½ͷܡҴߣС¶䡣
ǰʲôݣµݣ͵Ǵǰ
㸲ѡǴǰ˸ǵĸҲóе˸ǴĿѡ޸壬ǲ𲻿ġһв̤ۼȫ塣ԭˡ

ĻУһϲ˵ᡣ
ޥס
Ϊ½ͬ⸾˵ġΪġΪ½˴ĳܲˡ½ڵʱһǴ½ˡ

˿̵УѾûͬ
ޥһù飬ȡᶨסޥ֣ˣһĸף½ҵŮӣ뵽ⲽصġ

˵ûдġ
ĶˣͬײŮˣΪ裬ʡһûеġ
ǳõ޲ǡ
ãޥŶһ






106.   106    

106 

Ů֮, ԹۿɼǶƺƽܹ࣬ȥˡ
ֻǱﻹôܼŮˡӣŮ˻, ֻһЩֵرر˳ģɡ
ЩŮ˵Ŀ

ӵġ
°ش˽ӵ׷ˡ
ȥʹ°һŽ߷򣡾֪ٴҲˣúùӻ᲻ᣡ֪Ůˣ˻
, ݵбûŮ˷ָ㣡´ŮˣҲ룡

ָһȦ, ݵţŮòסǰǹӵ, ͻȻǹӣһʱϰ߲, µ㣡˭̵дŵģź򣡡
ôţﲻˣǵ¼ұšĹؾͷǲǣ

°شǰڱγĵ۰, Ϯ˰ٻ֮λµ°ٻ
İٻδŮ˷, ʮƯѾڱｨԼš
һݣ˶ˡ
, ǲŴġ

ƨ°ŭܳȥ, ûû·ܣŮܳȥôܲˣܣ
ûٸ˵ˡ
Դ, ŮӵĿࡣ͵͵޿϶УòҺŴ޵ˡ

ʵõĹƯѾߣһر˽ˡֵ, ǼɫҲûݵū͸˿˼գӲ˯ˣҲˡ
ֻһͶģһϵġ

ޥ̥ˣһ˶ؽݡ
Ӵ¼ҳ·Ůӣӣľ裬ˮͰ
½һɫӣʣɡˣ֮𡣱Ӣİٻֵܣûȡ
ȫһˡ

ŮǶͷϷεĹӣճյءŢ̫࣬ŵõĶƿ۾
½Ŀɨڿһ˵ʱͣһ¡
Ǹ˴ŴֲѣŰͰˮܳȻԵˣӦִֻػ

Ҳ̧һ½ֻһ۱ȥţŢһǳһŵŰͰˮĳƾɵͰķȥ
ͷа̣ľѾû־ 
½Ŀ⻮ǰͶȥ
һһȥииĻ

°տԼޥϸǴ
úãҲͷˡԺԵĻ°߶ȥǰ㣬һ㲻ҪúŵĻĻ֪֪
ޥƽͷ֪һТ˳ţ𾴷㲻ҪģҲﶪġ
°ظ̾ȷʵˡ

ǰףֱʱӷᣬʱֱƽ
Ӵû˵ģҲֻޥһˡ
ó󣬶Լ
°صǵдţ߹䡣
ޥá
Դ˱ȥ
˶ҲһŮӵļҡŮӳޣν֮顱

ױ£ޥЩʹһ졣ʱæ֪ҸԼ˼ױȴ֪١
£Ȼȥʸ磬ɩӡ°ֻǴԶ˾أָʹڱҪǮҷˡ
ʵֵ֣һ̰䵽ÿٻģҲʮӶѡ°ֻǺŪޥ
ǡޥûȥԼǷױҲͱŪȥˡ
°Ҳ˿
ɸױ£֪

ϸޥ׼ᶹǸ·ϳԡ
ޥ˴˼գȻŷӦûδ
ûʲô£֪˴һ·Ҳβˡ
½˼й֮ʸı䣬Ҳеġ
ޥúá

ݵʱѾУޥ´ʱѾС΢͹
½ҪѾԼýȥˣ½Ρ
ŵʱѾ˳ӣ½ҵǰЩѾͷˡһһӵ̱Ȼظˡ

ص½ȥ˸࣬½˾ӭԺ
ޥһ½Ѿסӿɻã
ޥһ¶ûСĸ׷İɡ
½ɬȻʣɻã
ޥȻƽãѾҵİ࣬˰ٻֶ񣬶Сˡ

Ϯγ°Ϯ˰ٻԭγʱ°غɸռһλӣɼռ˸Сλӡڵγյϰٻʱԭ졢С춼ȥˣˡ³顣
°Ϯ˰ٻɻ죬һλԭŸ硣°ؼɼ
һһܻء°˵øλӣһţһˣҲȢϱıǮ
ʶֻһСĿá

½ǰȥ˽ݡ
ϱؿһſȥһ˸򡣵ȵڶޥǵɽʱ򣬵һҲѾתˣɽĴδ˻
ޥӣɽԤƴߣǴ˻ؽݱšŵ˽γĸŴ˻
Ǹ¼ͶĽģޥ½һۻ

½ڼңѾ֪ɽΡǲңǡ겻
½е߶߶ţǲϱİֲ̫ãĸ˵ڽݵʱ˵ϱ
£½µ򣬲뾹Ҫ½ӣ½˰ľϸ˼Բߣ˰취

ûգ½ֵصУȴϷŸãһѱһϴ
½
½ŭү֪˭ǰֵĻ

ү˵ĸڽݵʱϱĸ֣ЩĻţҲ㣬һĸײľӡ
½˵ү֪˵˵ģһ쵽ĸ׸ǰ˵˵ȥˡ
߳Ҽүôƭ˵ģ

ſͷ̫̫Ҳ㣬˼ңʵҸνԴ˾ʹˡΣ˵ٷ˸Ȼ̫̫ģ͡ˡԭй棬Ҳһôɡ
½һˣ
ֽͣҲûҰѻ˵أƶĵģֻ˵ٷ˸˼ңֻҪһ¡ػˣƶ򲻸˵ġֻ̫̫İˣƶûӺˡ

½Ҫ½˲㣬ϱɵǸ𣿡
æأٷͥü֮ࡣǸ֮ˡ
½Լ֪һӵϹˣˣʮŭ˽˳ȥѵ½ˣԺרڿƭ˲ƻHòţٷǼҵĴš
½˵ͷ֮Ժٲˡ

½ʮֵض档ɮۣЩǱ뿪ߵ½ڼмļﴦҿˣ˽ȥ
һңȥõġԺҪˣǮᰴ͹ȥ
Ǯ£޶ӹ˵࣬üЦ£ң
˵
ĵҲ֡ŵʹ˸Ǯ˵ϱھָǮʹ˵ϱûΪլİһЩ˽֮£ͷһ޳ġա

½ֻ̾ôһ˽ֶΣЩ֪£ǵôֱС
Ҳ¡
ʱʱޥʲô飬ʵİˣϸޥ·ġֻڣҺҲˡ

Щӣµʱ½ޥɻŵ˵ˣ¼µϢ
°ٻȥˣٷϲˡ
½˶½˵ϧˣޥĸңֻңҪܷһЩҾͺˡ
½ŲͬʲôһЩҡ֮Ĺ˵ĸôܷءޥӡǳ½˸ˡ뵽Լ游ʮֵؿģ©ҾǺȻ뵱ȿȣ֮º¡

½ǳ顣
֪½ղŲ˵ʲô뵱꣬
ڵʱ¼ҲҪѹ˻½ˡ
ȥ룬½ֻһ˿ЦЩѹίҹµˮѾɢȥ

͸һˣ͸һͥΪЩ˶һŮֻҪסԼģûôױ˺ˡ
ֻϣޥҲܶ






107.   107    ؼ

107 

½˵Ϸ, ϸ˵ݵ¡
ģʧ֧ţ㰾סˡ½˵ͷ, ׼ҹϢ²µˡ
γ̱ü, ּŮǸԵѾȶ¼Ҳм, ȻȻرйһŲסˡ

ޥۿ΢ʪ˵, Ѿƽˡ
Сʱ޷һ츸ĸ᲻ڣһ, Ϳ̹ȻԳȥˡ
Ů˵Ե֧֮һ, ѾԼļҡ

½ȻΣ棺һֱ, ż̧ţĸŮŮ㲻
ޥ, ĸ׺ԣҸһֱң˵ҺҼ޵硣û絽, ʱĸһȥˣ°ߡ
˵ˡ½, ɵӣػοҡ

һʱᡣ
½ֿޥ俴ģ, ϽԼȥϢѾȥˣ
ޥȥˣ½Ϸ˵

½½Тô˵Т֮£񷨣иصķס
½ʹˣŮذա
½˾ȣô𣿡
½ʵ֪ڡ
½˱ĬȻ

񷨣ŮնĸɥӦ˥ȡ˵÷һꡣ
ν񷨣֪˼ҲŻ
µطʵȢϱΪŮҪǵһ꣬һ꣬ТӣϱͰȢꡣżȻǲϵġТڱա൱ڷ˥ڡ

½ֻǲҪһģҸ˵ˡ
½˵ͷʣҪַ𣿡
á½ޥﻳأТ

½˻ǵõ꣬Լǧڻ½ȴҪһӦ½Ϸˣһ߿½ַ˯鷿ѾͷǺ㡣
δǰʹͨ£ʱͳһЦ
ζǱˡ
ĶǸʱӲ

ãչ˺ס
ûٶ˵
½ǳ׵ˣˣûκҪôҲҵѹôȫԷԸشͨ½겻һ
Ǹˣй֪Լʲôʲô

ޥصԼԺϵһ̣žĻصˡҡ
ǵģȻСĵطһĵطԺСҡĸо޵Ůӣˡ
Ǽңֻңرǵĸ֮

ѾǶΧ꺮ůʳ
ޥΣ͸ƽʱһˣûʲôġ
ô˵½ˣ˭֪ޥڵĽ
ޥֵ·ʰһ£ܴľҪص

ТǴӵõĸ׹Ϣʼġԭظվˣɩǻӣ½᲻ʲôġ
½˵һꡣϾǶ˼ҡ
ɩǶײˡ

÷һ䣺ӺٷҪַ𣿡
ޥԾҪַ𣿡
÷ԭΪޥ֪ģ֪æǲ֪Բһ졣
ޥŶһ
ѾæʰĶ
Ƭ̣ޥ̲ס÷㣺ΪТΪ˲ŷַ
÷㲻ҽֻ˵СҹزһءÿӺͷ˵İš
ޥ㲻ˣϢ

÷ȥˣһҵĺȻˣɫЩޥ˵֪ϴζү͹ļױѹһǧ
ޥѾ½һֻ꣬һôࣿ
ҵ˵ʱ˵˴ҺӻȥǶæʰ·ϵĶױҪ÷ʰġҲûʡղ÷ѵӽң˵ˣҲ֪һ

ޥҲס૵ôôࣿ
ʱ°˵ǵʹͣʱޥ֪Լõ˶١ʱ񼣬ȴҲûרһȥʸˡֻܽʷĵס

һ½Ҳˣϴ·ʰˣɸɾأޥѾǿҪַ𣿡
½֡
ޥһ
½ͷˣ
ޥס䣺ϣһ𡣡
ʧѣ⼸µıֶƵ侲ˣʱȴһĸо½ĿҲô롣

ޥ棺˼ΪʲôַΪТΪУ
С½㲻õģҲ
ޥһȣֺ棺Тһģᡭᡭ𣿡
ϽӦá½ʵϣ޹˭֪˼ڷʲôءֻҪŪҲûܡ

ޥ֪ˣ֪ˮ֮ζԭͲ̫ŷܱôõġֱˡ
Ҫ֮˵һݶˣһһ²ǰ뱲ӶТжȹˣ׻һ
Ȼۣ浽ʩеʱкܶˡ

Դ֪½ҪһʱָޥҧõĶ䡣
˵ͬһ£ͬ˵ĿҲȫһء
ĲϷ˵עҲᵽڵ¡־䶼ҪŮԼ壬ɷðͨҪ

ɩ˵ȫһ
˼ıס˵ݲзҲø취磽ˡҪȻ϶ҪԵ˼

ԯޡ
ΪʲôŮˣ뷨֮ء
ޥͻȻֺ棬½˵껳½ʱôӵأ

ĺ漴ûˡ½ҳ˷֮⣬˵ءʱຼû֪ȥˡ
ߴ½ҵѾ˵ﵱ½ϷߵѾͷ
ôڵ꣬½еʱôȡ½Լɡ
ޥ½ѹȻôǰˡи׶Ƹаɡ

½ˣ½ޥһȥ밲
½ޥǳȰ䣬ȥϢ
ˣ½οض½˵ҿϱɫͦáģſ
ǣܺá½ϾС䡣
Ҳĺô½źΪԼѡϱ۹еԺ½˴ȥɽʲô

½ջܶࡣν飬·
½׵Ȼ
½ܻ˳Ծǳ֮ƶ࣬ǰǿȥǰڱ˱ʼ￴ģ˵Ľ֮񶼿ˡ
½һʱˣĻס

½ʵȤ󣬲λı½˵Щ⼸£ݹٳϵһЩ¡
Ϊٻ˼ҵĺӣǵӣǶӣС͸Щ£ʶ档
½Ҳ֪ݹٳЩ²ϵ½¡ȴеᷳͽꡣ

е׵Ŀⱻһأǰ績ǱķԺһ
ʼźһǡ
꣬ԭʲôȴãʱأܶࡣ
ݴ˼£ͼǰʮûһ






108.   108    

108 

Ԫ˵۵ǻ, Ͻڰȡǽϣֿʼ˸ƽ
¿ޥȥݺ⼸£½˾Ͳμ˺ü˼ҵ, ԼһΡ
ô½ٷˡ½˱˵ɽ֮£ǲҡ׼ĸս˳͢캱
˾, Ҳһ󣬶¾á

ޥͦŶӻ, ½˲μϯ, Լ˵ˣӽ˴;òǱĸɥ, ⺢ֻԼŲ˵֪ӡ, С޺ͺʱ, ɽѾѡֻϱ˹ϢӺÿ, ѹʲôƵġȥȰο
ֵТھʹӾ˹ӵصꡣ, ˭а취ء

ޥТڴŶӣТ, Ϊ⺢Тģص˽͡
Ҳ½½ˣסѱ
, þ

صޥһ̬ȣţ˵˽
½˵ǲӺúÿûдעر˵ˣþܾľ;ܾ޵ģǰ̷ˡ

ޥ룬ɩ˵治һ
ɩӺں磬Ųôں
ˣѹƸңԼɡ
񲻻ѹ

ޥӦˣʵ߻϶½˵ġ
ûں½ġ
½ÿΣһǳˡȻѾһˣȻĶ
ķĸѺͱ˾ͱңԶ¾á

ޥֺ棺ĸףǲϵעĸıʼ𣿡
ء½˻Цĸ׵ֺÿɣ
ޥͷÿ
Խ֣ӶˣԽǻῴ֡ݼϷ˵ÿһʸ֡
½˵ᾣէһӵ֡Ҳʲôʱд֣ӣдһʶƽ͵Сл⡣

½˵úҲд
ֺޥ׵úܣⱲҲдϷ֡
ϲźǰҲ
ʧȥһλĸףһλĸס
ˡ

ݵʱ½ĴܶʲôҪʣʮæµʵ
صݣƽȻ궯֮
ޥˣ½磽⡣
½ס֣Тأҡ

ޥ
û¡͵͵أصǱֻذء
Ĵ

ޥڣƤϸôƣǻᷢһ
۾⡣ʱ˿̣½ãﵽһ״̬ˮһá
ſ֣סӵĺԡ
з޵˽΢ҵĺޥԹ
½Ц

½˱ޥĳ趨ʡģޥϢʮֹɣ˵ʮɡÿ𴲵ʱ״򲻶˯
ϰˣһ֡ޥҹ涨ģ紵򣬳Ҳͣ󡣡

½˻Ȼֲõޥ潿Ϊֲʲô飬Ϻģѧģ㶼ܼ֡
ԭǴС·˴Ѿĥӡ

ޥֵԼҲȤĸʱء
½΢顣
˼ҵϱŵϷսսСҵϱǴʱˡ

ޥڽ½˶μ˺ü̫ӣ޻ʵʵġ
ˣӡıŻ
ֻǹӡ
½˵˵

ޥʵ˶¡û£ֻ½ˡ衢½û취
ҵȰ㲻һǾŮͦŰ˾ŸµĶӻϴˮ㲻һúõģӱʲôҪ
ޥֻܸĳÿ԰ˬһȦ԰ӹ󣬾ɫá

һ˯ЩˮϷȥʰȴϷ
ϡ棬ÿֻһ½˰Լ˽ܵģ̤벽ûʱǡ
ϷԺӳᣬײײأûޥ񣬻ײ
ͳģԱߵѾ֣ɵˡ
֪ޥһ֣ͷһһǧ㲻Աߵȥ

ֻûȴҲޥһۣˡ
Ѿŵֱҿٷ˻Ṧ򣡡
ޥֵʣôˣ
Ѿǻ࿴

ޥ˵ѽ
Ѿ£ʱܶܣֻܿڣүˡ
ޥס
ˣ 

ﶼòʹˣʱˣۣܳ衣
ЩԣߴӱѾġеµʱĸޥ
ô͡أ
ֲѾӣء

ޥµؽϷ
иղһѾ߶ˣѾһһҵطӺ߶ȥ
μ½˿һôˣﲻ
ûСޥţ񣬵ղȻŵˡ

趼ˣײ㡣ֿѾǡ
ѾǶð³ͻȻ˭û뵽ٷ˻Ṧһ֣͹˸䣬ûײ
һ£˶ޥṦˡ

ޥûµģŵ˶ѡ
ȥ½˵λù̶ˣرһλá
Ѿȥޥֹ
½ܿ˵ʲô

˵£ϱʶʡҪ֪˽ĴࡣҲΪ½ˣޥʣôͣôˣ
½˲㹫һͬűԹǷĲɣʫôûȤʫţ㹫˾ƣһˣˡ

ޥ졣
½˵檣ӣ˼¡ûʲôôСֵġ㿴֣ɿף
½ڴף˵ţһӡ

ޥֻñ죬ͷȥ
ֻƬ̣ƽʱһס֣ʱ޶̣ܡ
̧ͷ졣
ʡ½˷ף£ϱʵġ

ޥӶˡ
ʣЩоˡ
о
ойġ


ޥĿá
½˰һӡ
ޥ̧ͷǣйطһ£ҿĸ𣿡
½̧

ޥȴû˵
⣬Ѿͷ֧֧°ͣѾͷѾͷվ˶ȥˡ
ϱ˘ȵţμֻʣ½˺ޥˡ
ʮְ

ĸסޥи£ܾˣһֱ벻ףҲҲʡˣĸסĸʶŮУܽҵ󡣡
ʱһͨˡһûͰˡ
ʱߵˣҲãҲãرĸˡ

ʵûرˡ˵ЦңʱȻ֪ͨźģ˯һܻСޡʵر׵ġ
ԴˣʹˡûиˣҲûвˡ

ǣɥ֮ǻຼʱͷϣվڷԣȻˡ
ûģͷҿһۣȻ֪ˡ˵Ҳǹ֣Ҳ֪Ϊʲô
ΪƯ

ĸף˵ЩǶˡ
ǸʱҲ֪ڿ˭ǿңǿұתͷȥ
ֻˣûر˭ûرȥˡôƯأͬôܹţҺԲˣжܣزˡ

ͬôܹˣҲӵڻҲǸʱ򣬷·ſ
Ϊʲô
ϲΪʲôҪܣϲôΪʲô

ĸףǸʱһֺܺܵĸо
ǶʣǶʵġĲǶʡ
ǺܣҲ֪Ϊʲôܡ
ոգҸңﱻ͸˱ˣҡҺˡһܡ

ĸסޥסĿڣ̧ͷ·ˣܵô£
Щˣô£
ȴ½⸴ӻɬ޸пǧΡ






109.   109    

109  

Ϊ
½˵, Ϊ̫ᣬƽʱǣ˾, 档
ظޥΪͨ㲻ˡҡͨӶǡӣ¼

˵, ҵģںǡϲ, ˣϲ, ˡǰǸɫ, 㲻ϲǲͻɫΪǸѹûе, ҲΪѹЦġ

źˣ㿿, ܺװϲĵģӦõġûôΪʲô
޵ģ, ֵΪЩ˶໨˼
ֵġ

ʵᣬں庢ӡ
ޥûн, ȻϰԵȥ½ˣܾǲԵġ
ֵһ䣬
½Ҳ˵˵, ֵΪЩ˲ġ
˵ġЩˡ½˵Ĳؿ˵ˡ

ǡޥૡ
ûʲôǡ½ǿƵشǸ㵱һˡǸǲһġ޵ģǸĸ֮, ý֮ԣð̧δ̧ġôһء

ҪͨңҲѹҺ˱ǡ
õúˣİ֡õòãˡ
㣬㡣
ʵڲֵΪЩ˻˼
ǡġֻǣŻ˼ǡ

˵㣬ǵ㲻ˡ
ãҲҪ˵ˡ
ֻǣھĹߣõǮӣ㰲ĳ
ˣˣޥ

ֻЩֻѹ£˵ܸ
½ţһ죬ޥԼס
ϣ½½ĸףҲû

ǣ˵Ȩû˻ɵԼȨżУдʫʻǧ󣬻ŮӶġ
ëǡ

½ޥǳ𾴡ǳŷĳ
ֿݣ㡣ѧʣޥһֱãҲȥΪжĻ

Ϊޥɻʱ򣬸ᡣޥһԼڱųǵĸо
˵ģûһǿԷģʵޥҲ֪
ֻƽʱ˭Ҳǿŵţǿ̻š¼ССôЩˡ·˺ͻ裬ޥͽߣϺԼＰѾͷûôϸ֣֮ӽˡ
Щȷޱȵĵ̻ģ˽ޡ

½ң̻࣬ŨŨ
Щ˹أ׼۶ܿĺǰīߣҪСܲ
ߵܣȴ˵ԡ
ڣޥû˵½˵ĲԣȻȻĵףȴҲֻܵͷ̡ܽ
ţ¶뿪Ϸ

̧ۡ
½˶ϡ͸ĴɴͶббһ½ֻǹеĳ
Ȥ½ˣ˵ʲô˽ˣ
½ûлش裬ãŷģȻ̾Ϣ

㲻֪һôޥĵĺӡʧ˵ģߣʱ򣬶ຼټ󡣡
ڲǸڿЦˡ
ء½ǳûŮȴŮƵġ

ͣһ裺Դˣ½ˣеܡԼΪʲôܡ
Цݵȥ̾˿ٷ˶䲻࣬ȴʵǸĺӡ

Ҵöˡ½Գһûţ½ʹҷ֦ůʲôоأմմϲԼǲһġҴܽءţһϡ˵½Сһ𳤴ѾͷΪҴˣΪʲôҪȥֲɵ

Ȼǽҷ֦ůʹˣǲ̫ˡܽغҵǵáģӣֵܶڷ˵ȫúܡ󣬷ǲҪ
½ԳЦЦɵ¡

ʣô˵ģ
½˳̾һô˵أȻǵ곤Ǻǵһס벻ͣҾȻһ׺ˡ
վֻš
½Ҳźͺˣ͸ǶԵġǵģ˾ôġҲΪޣʲôرˣشСһѾͷմմϲԵŮŮѾ߻ޣ

վôѽ˵ͼ͵ʱ򣬿־ôꡣôϻ۵ĺӣ׵ģҿɡ
ļͥĸף½˾ûڴԼĶжôڲͬһȾİ
ӡ

ڼѹ檣
ܹܵס¥ݣż
ܹܵסϯüӳд
Щ¶˵ˣŮ˾๣ʵǽ˾Īˡ

½ֻ̾ء
Цһ꣬ʱˡ
½ЩըëˣһȥݼңԸɽȥԺӣ˵ܼҵȥйؽȥˡ
ÿЩܻ꣬˱ؽȥ

ΪÿһЩܻ꣬һر뷨ڲͬŮӡ
̫࣬Ϊеġˡ
½˵ǽеǸˡɣ顣
ΪǳҪñᤣж࿴һۣҲܶ࿴һۡȴ⣬һǧӻؼ棿
ΪǶֻԣȴܲμӿƾ٣ȡ٣Զǿõܡ

̫Ůʱ½˸еޡɵˡ
ĸֻ졣ϣΪβܷʣ
ĸ׵ұΪʲôʡ

ؽݼҺɽǸ˵ֹԺӡ
ԺӵȻûʰúܸɾʺܾ£ֻǳȥССķԺӣһѴһꡣԶ壬ǳȥ
ǸԺӣרŸݼһЩѵĹĥӵġ
ƤĹһ꣬ųʱ򣬶ֳȣ׼Ĵҹ㡣

½˸սȥʱŭˤҲùáˡ
ˣΪʲôʡ
ΪһĶ·ǽûС
ɵģϵĳʶ˵Ȩȴģֹܲһǽ

ΪϾһĸ׳Ц澮֮ܡ
ϣ㡢ŻŮӶȥˡ뵽ģ˶뵽û뵽ģҲ뵽ҲΪˡ
һǽФλ̵ܳģúÿɡ

ФλǸŮ˴СʫͶŮͷνŮĲŮڽĸ־¹Լ֡
ȻҲǹǡФXXXXФXX֮Ů

Ů½˿ĸױܳǱ֪Լ˼뵽
λ̻˺ܶԼ뷨½˺գԼֻΪѡ
ŮԵļ룬½˲ͬ

ȰеŮǣЩ㣵뷨вҪ¶
ΪЩ뷨ŮӣǶŮӡŮܶ飬ʵ˵һʹ͡
Ů̫࣬ǻ¿ǣŮǷö飬ߣŮǸöЩʲô顣
ܣһʹͣҲջء

½˲ͬ⡣
֮ҵȢޣܲȢ֪ŮӰɣ֮ŮȻǱġ
һֱţǡ½Ͱ͵ͨ˵ǲͬġ

ں߽⡣
̵ĸ룬Ǻܾûпе֮ҵŮӣ½ȴԥΪ½һ֮Ů

ĸ׺˵Ҳһ
һ½˵ϡ
ԭŮ˵ֻǽǱ롣
ԭʿ֮ҵޣҲԴֱɲģǹŪ˲ġ
ֻҪ






110.   110    

110 

ޥصԼ˷׶, һͣ㲻½һˡ
ȥ԰һȦʳ, صѾͷ˵˫½ǰ˹˵½ǰ鷿ү˵, Ǳ÷ˡ

ޥֳһ٣ʳ, Ѿͷ׼ϴˮϴ˸, ѾͷŴ󲼽ͷͿӵʱ, ½ˡ
Ҳȥϴ˸裬ˬˬ, ѾͷڸޥȣӻִѾͷ, Լϣ̹ޥСȸ󣺡ˣ
ǵġޥСѾһһ̡

Ҫˣô
Ѿðװ۵, ӣƤϸ彿ˡ½סѾҧһڡ
ޥʲô, ѾȫΪʲôŮӵ㣬ӵȺˡ½Ͳ̫ԣȻ, ½з

ޥԥ½ҧ¿ԣ·ݣͲˡ
½ͨЩ֮᪻, ޥʣģ
ġ½ſ˴һ룬ͳһ

а˼ҡ
ʲôʲôʱڳģ
ޥ˷½
ɾǲĶĸø㿴½ǰ˴ķϼ

ľȻ˽ţߡ
ޥѹź棬úÿ˿ȷʵͦġҲҽĽǶЩ·ǿзЩɣͦŷġ
ֻǷ棬ŮĥģŮС
ֱǸޥĴš

һ߿һЦЦ½ûƢҲûгɾ˯ˡЦ̫ᶯ̥ޥӿһ̥ʮֵذȡ
׼ʱ׼ޥ𴲡
½סֱۡ

ﴫС޵ĶԻ
Сĵ㡣
ǳǳġġ
΢΢

УȴųӺ濴ֻȴǰһЩЩ
ʣ߽
һƬ/塣
½ţֻǳǳҷ
ֻ

ޥϷʱˬƤߴŹʡ
½һŶ
Сǲǰɡ
½ĥĥޥӡ
ޥ飬ܾ񲻴ԡʵûʲô⡣

գдຼ̫̫Ǵ͹ʹ͡
ޥһصݣݾ˴̫̫͹ȥϲѶ̫̫ʱͽʹ͡
ʹʮַﷴûǮϿġʮִ󷽡

ֻû뵽Ȼʹεʹֱͣޥµ
ಹƷ̫̫òѾ߹
ޥ£ǲŶ껪绨ߴӡ

̫̫Ĺӣ½ף̫̫˵Һٷл̫̫̫̫ͣ念ٷտ̫̫ġ
̫̫ȥ½ءǣǽף½Ҷ½վǺһġƫƫ̫̫ĸ⣬˵˹ӷһƢҲ̫̫ĴˡСĶүȥ

Ȼͬ壬ÿһ½һ˸ġ˹ò̫ã˵Ҳʧ˲£ֱһǧɡ
̫̫ߵǽǰϷ˿ԺߣԺأ
Ϸ˱Ͼˡ

Ӷ½˱ȴǰ˺ü֡
ˣ½˶ޥ˵Щ͵ԺȥѾš
ޥϥӦǡֻ΢΢ͷճȭ
Ϊ̫̫ġʹ͡ﻹ绨ѾߣǸʲôģѾ/޵ޥ̫ˡ

ȴȻ½˵͵ү鷿ȥ
ޥȻ̧ͷ
ѾߴӵűٷһȥȻһ۾Ѹٳˮһ󵨣ֱӿ˵ýз֪ϷǴźӵġ

½ֶֻյδš
Ѿվһֻ΢΢֧֧°ͣѾ߹ֱӼסûصѾϡѾߺˣˣū澴ˣֻ̫̫˵
һѾֱӳӶס죬Ϸָֻ
½ػػ

ȥɡ½˵
ޥأŶһϥתӺԼµѾ߹ȥ
ѾŵˣҲҺίˣֻͷսս

߳صѾͷԺеĵϣš
ؾѧأѧ˹ٽϷ
ֵ˵ˣĻлٽϷ
ϷѾ˵ʱ
յ£ຼѾ߱ʯ·ϡ
ޥҲ߹

صԼԺѾͷʰʹ⣬ææµµޥ½ʲôöԺ͡
ޥһֱϷ
ææµµ߹߹ȥ̧һƣĪʲôأ

ޥ̧ۿ߰ΣȻɵɵʣߣԼ𣿡
ĪҲǸɶܲǸ
Ŷޥʣ䣬أ
ղűˣҲһĪȻˡ
ǰ˰ޥ͵͵ૡ

½ˡ
½Ϣͨʲôܵһʱ֪űЦЦؿޥ
ޥֻ
½ҪԹ˵ȷ£ޥˡ
˵ĿڿڿڣǿŮˣʹˣҲǻԶµĶ껪ĽʹŮˣȴֻܽؿշ

½ڿڳܸоóƣɿڿڻˡ
ڿرڵ˿ڿڿڿڡ
ޥһ£½ͱŮܵ¡
۾߬ű

ˡ
Ҳˡ
ԣΪʲôŮ˺Ů֮䣬Ҫᡣ

ڶ˵ǸصѾͷ˲ʱ͡Ρˡ
Ѿͷòۣ½ԭˡ½˵һ岻ãʲôүͻȥɡүҪĸ˵һһ
½ȥҪˣֻűֻһ

½ֵүĸд˵һɣТءôɡ
ǴȰĸӵֻűԴǸ̫̫д˷ױš
ຼĹڽ½ڿͳäϢͨһ֪ӵѾͷһүշˣһ˽ȥ

飺̫̫׼ġ
½˵ԸĸТأһʵѾͷʲôԺ󴫳ȥһӵ۵㡣Ҫүĸдױţûȥĸ׿ˡ

ȥһѾߣѾ߿ų䣺ӣźӵѽ
û˵Ҫ£ֻźүҪԸ⣬ҾͰ¡
Ѿ߿޵ϡﻩ
ӵ󵨣Ϸ˲ʣȿ˵ġϷ˸ǰҲòȥ

Ѿ֮ԵȻԼ½ϷˡĨ˰ᣬϲ¶޷顣
һͶˣ΢ӣȰȥ̫̫ǰϹ˵˵ȥȥˣ˵εˣүˡҪ̫̫֪ð˷ˣй֪ˣߡ̫̫Ϊݳôأ㿴أʲôȱأ
Ѿй

Ѿ߱ຼ½Ϸ˲죺ôͻһһأ
֪˷Ϸɫ൱ʡ
ӸϽ½ױš
½ʿֹǰϹģ־Ϸ˲ܷҲʲôѾͷȥ½һ滵˽覴ãӰԺ;ɲġ
½ϷֻϢġ

ת۵ԪԪʮһ£һգޥϸʹ󣬷
Ұ᷿Ŷ簲źõġޥʮʹС½˼գյýлǵýмŮ˹زף˾ɣۡ
ޥס

½Ժⲽ㿪ʼޥĽֻĽ
̵̲ס壬ֱסˣ˿ɲܽ
½ҲûϢ߳ȥ

½ֻ˳
˼Ȧվˣ۾
侲ֻվ֣ӰζĴ

磬û
½˵ͷ̥ȥ˯һˣǽ㡣
½ֻû£ĸϢһ£ﻹҪĸ֡

½Ҳ뿪ֻڴμЪˡ
̫½ߵ᷿Ĵ£ޥޥҲߣһֱڡ
ޥʱ۵۾Σ½ӺȻһᡣ

ģϲϲ½԰
ָκˡ






111.   111    

111 

½ûȥԺ, ÷һֱ᷿ȵȵϣѾǽ, һˮ͡
ڽݵĶůůͺ͵ġѾͷţ˻, ָ¯

ֻ侲½½ԣƽһһȶתĽŸС
½ҲҾ˯, Ъһ̾Ϣһ¾һ˵ȶ侲Ҳ˵ƽ, Ŀǰûʲôֻͷ̥Ƚѡ

ڵ˰½ȵ, ͷƣƤŲס, ȻһӤ
ڵһ¾վ˻еãȻ
ãȻƬ, 洫ˡˡĺѹ˵˼, ޥޥޥô
˺ĸŮƽ

һƽ½ûжƵ, ĺһȵϣ, ˡ
Ѿʰƺߵ䣬Сĵصأϲ, ϲǧ𡣡
ݳ˭֪½йټأ½ٷͷһ̥Ūߡ
ŹȻɫ̫ÿģ͡

룬һӹɷ֪ʧʲôأλٷֻûôùˡǮҲʲôԤȱˣǮǰ׵õġͨкȻǮ񣬽ŮҲǳˡ
ֻݹһɰ־óϡ
ž棬ϥл

½ſڣЩ߳ݳСɹӡ֮Ƶ½ҹӾ棬ǾȡæЦŸϲϲӣϲǧ𡣡
½µģöˣµӱʧ̬ĶһЦȥˡ

ˣ½ӲָֻתղģʲôĸŮƽʲôϲǧ𡰣ڽӣΪˡ
ޥŮ
½̧ͷܶĵã³һ

ֻڣǲֻܽȥ䣬½˰Ѻӱ˿
½էһӣʵûʲôоƤģƵġֻޥ
ڻܽȥʰɾ֮󣬻óޣȥ˯˯˾½˵ֵ꣬㱧ȥ

½ﲻӡ
ͳ׵ģܶԶ̫簮˿Զ谮ӵĺӣԼĺӣҪҪϸ
½ЩûصŮԺ˾ûˣڼһ죬öһ죬

½ֲĸףֻԥһ£ֻ˸ǶȣСء
趼ЦˣŲӣסӣԣ
½ڰȵؽӱ˻

СȻһֻСèᣬò˼顣
ǣԼؿڶ̶Ƭ̣½ﶼ޷˵仯ʲôͻȻע뵽ļ䣬ղŶС޸оɴ˿½עСС඼סƵġ

½½ԵŮ
½еԼһʱһ̲ˮޱȣ룬һҪ
һʱֳ˰֣кƣ룬һҪλȨܻסһӣ

½˺ۿţ½ƽһαӵĽŶУּϲõЦ⡣
̶̵ƬǼ֤½ӷ׵Ľ
½˺һЦ

ǰѺӽӹȥЪЪ
ޥϸ˯ûñ㷢ˣ½ڣʮʱû˯ˡ
½пˣĪʧ䣬ֿۺӣʣ֪ô
ү鷿أѾǴ˹ȥϲˡ

½ƣ벻ȴ쳣ؾ۾ȥҸף븸׸Ӵ
תߣ衰һҲûܺס
½˵ȥ
½ӶŮ̬ȡ

½Ҵ̨᷿߳ˣͣסת̨ףҵĴ⣺ޥڻҽȥ㣬ʰˣҾͽȥĸ׺չˣϢ
һ£ҲûޥӦ֪ǲѾ˯ˣǸ
ȥ鷿

ޥӺ壬һִԷſյ״̬һ߸Ŷӣһ⳶̥ûоʹʵѾľˡ
Ѿ΢̵ë壬øɸɾٸѬ¯Ϻ濾Ⱥָĸɾ¡
ȫҪʹ۾С

ԺҪ˯ȥʱ½úϢޥ˯ȥˡ
ֻ˯ò̤ʵҲ֪˯˶ãؾˡ
ӷţһˣ·ˣ
ޥһ

Ǹס֡
ޥһ·ˣ½ˡһһݣʲô۾ôܿأ

½ҾͿͻȥˣ˯ɡ
ޥʣĸףأ
꣬űŹһۣʱﶼǿյģǵԼʲôʲô
½˵չأģ˯ɡ

ɷҲǽϢ
ޥʣĸףǸŮɣ
½˳Ĭһ£صأǼҵһԺһǸˡ

ޥ֪½϶Ƕζӵġ²ǵûһżҲϱӵġ
Ů˼²ŮãضҲǻеʧġ
ޥŮͲáԼŮΪʲôҪŮأ
޵ͨ˼ңȻôҲ˵޵½ңֲɵӣǳ½һôڲͬš

ţޥЩĻ͸˵˵
ʵݵʱ򣬾;ÿŮ˺öŮأЩҴСʶġʱʳУܾãܻиŮͶ̥ҶҾôáҲҸ˵˵Ӳ϶ŵġ

½ʵҲǸǳʵߡһϣ½һС
½֣˵ǺܺãͶǼⱲӣҪƽƽȣ˳˳ģòã
ޥһ
ߣ½˵˯ɣ˯ɡ
ޥһڳ˯ȥˡ

½Сĵɿ֣˳ӡ
¶źãصϷ軹Ϸأʹˣ̫ۣԼңֻȥ˿ʵϷϢ
ȻȻѾѾϲǧǵʣðɣ

ء½˸飬㲻֪ʹˡ
ޥʹ½˵Ϊͷ̥й迪ɵȫˣޥҧŽôôôô
ͷ򿪺̼˳һӾͻˡŶ䣺ûôĲ
˼ҵϱĸǽģǰͺ˻ߵģ涼ûˡ

ʱǿ̫ˣֻǵҺƵģޡ½˵ιȥˡ
ɲˡһֱˣҲˡ
½ϣԾ

ãȻ̾˿ôأ⺢ӡûҺá
½һٵУޥȴŮ
ǿӲصϹʲôģôأ˵걧
½̧˵
ѵõɱ죡аۣٲ˵ˣ䲻˵Լϱ

½ǽ
ôаأ
½ĸ׾ѾǶˣһ½һһŮ˻ֻ̥̥̥½һãǸѵġ
½һ½һӾֻһŮ˻Ψһһ̥˾½ˡԼ½ɹ檣ͨ˯Ѿͷûһеġ

һ򵥵ܽ
ף
ɵϷ˻ʱ½˰һ˵ʱϷ˾ϵݺһ£죡

˭а˵
½ֲڴϲУô⣡
˭ãӹ˲Ůˣ
죡Ժٲκô˵






112.   112    

112 

˼ҵ, ͨ鷿һ鷿һ鷿
鷿Ժ, ҪĻ͹ܣͬдˣͨҪʱ顢, 鷿СﻹһЩšĵרŵͯС˹š
Щ߹Ծļ, 鷿лϢṲ̊롣

鷿Ժ, һַΧȻҲԴͣʸ, ʲôĸʲôԵϵ
鷿Ҫ, ȫ˵˽

һۡˣ檵ʱ, ʵӵϷҵľӴˡ
ϷʵŮ˵ĵ̡
һۡԼ˽ܿռ, 鷿
˿ЪϢ, Ժ㡣
һȥκһŮͿЪ鷿

½յշѾͷʱСѾͷˡ
Ѿͷæ½, ·ˡͽ½˸棬͵ۿȥǹӸһһҹδ˯, оݣȻӰ쿡գһϧС

ѾͷŶ껪ϷݣΪźģȴүˡ
Ѿͷҧ촽Ϊ·ɺϧĹӣȴûһֱۣ˽ȥ
˺ʧ䡣

ףޥˣ游ˣ½ƣ־ӣЩܵ˵
½Ѿ֪ձǷ¡ôãȴһŮ
½ǷǳʧŶһȻûʲô˵˵ϱú壬ǻᣬŬŬٱһ

е˼̫ԣϸбб棬½ողᵽĳΪ˸ϲá
ΪСΧŴӵųĶӣ½ҲЩӵƢġرϲʱ̣ûԸⱻ˽ˮ

½ЦʧЩصײӸҲ˸ء
ûԵˣ׸ӣ£ҲͲϲŭɫˣֱ׵رĲ
½ŶӲˣһˣء

½ҲʧˣޥŮҪ˵½ʧǼٻԼ϶ҲЩ΢΢ʧģĻǳΪ˸Ļϲ
Ǹ׸Ӵ͸ְɡ

½ϴ󲻿ģŪͷһףȡɡ
һ̧ۣ½˵ôĶӣ½æúúãȡȡ
˵ֽֽҿСﻹиղѾͷĥī֭
½պպīûʣ½Щ
½

½дһ֣½⣺á
½ֻˣ룬дһ½ƫг
½ӱʡ
½׾ã_[ǫ_ûǭ[ã

½ŻعζЦԼˣң
½üҵŮȻ游ԴŽ󡣡
½ջ𣬡ĸã̫̫ӲˡҸղ硣

_[_[Ǿ衢ӡ
½ϲ½˵ĳţֻԼߵ鰸ૣ½_½[__[[_[_[
ȡ᣺ǭ[ɡ½[[[

Լȡʮ⣬ͭ[ˣ׿дҸϽȥӺĸס
½ջһ㶼Сӵ֣Ѿͷ
úܡ½дɣˣ·ȶû

۾ڣȷƣģ
½ջ𣺡ǻϽȥЪϢ
½ⲻǵô
½ҭס۶ӣűд[֡

½ִֽɣ֪ǸŮʧҶδڣˡױôż˿ŲЦǼҿɲֱŮ˼ҡ
ֵ˾䣺ޥͭ[[лл״ˡ
˵ֽ꣬ˡ

[[[[½ૣһ˦ӣ淳
½öӻ̫ᣬ档
ղŷյñѾͷΪ˶ϱһŮϢʵǶϱźܴϣܺԺЩµĸһ
˭֪

ٻǿЩġٶϱԲˣȷЩŮǿˡ
ֻ½ĵʵһݲ
һӣ½ˣûŮ˻ĺӡôŬظˡ

²롭Ͳ롣
ʮ»̥ŮŮ˵¡ӽѪǣϣŮŮ˵⡣
ԡ

һ˦ӣ֣ȥɵѾȥˡ
ຼѾ˷ֶͨûֻøһѾͷķ
ʹˣذϧֻ檣ʮһĹĺ
ѾͷǣΪãͨ檣ʲô塣Ժ˭˺ӣٸ˭֣
˼룬ֻ˶ϣ½ȥˡ

½ٻصԼԺѾʰɾֻڳޡǶŪˣ˻裬½ڼΪŮӡ
˯úܳȫʪˣȻǿʼ麹ˡֺģɫرܸ̫йϵ
ӣΨյúȡ

½˲ͷ麹ס֡޷Ӧ
ǰҹ½ŪҲ켸߽رʱ˿̣Ȼ۵ˣ˯ô졣
½ƶ䣬ˮ
һ˵ļ䵴

ǰϲġڵȻҲϲġϲϲһ
ǰϲòϲ鶯Ƥ潿ȴԼ뷨Ҳи˵ȻҲϲꡣ
ڣ½֣ŲɵĶͷһ麹ֻáޥƾѾΪһˡ
һͬĺӣԴѪģҲֱ˴ˡ

á
½ȥޥա
΢΢һЦɺ游ԡֽϡ
ش˸ǷһļڻطϢȥˡ

½Ϣˣ½˻ûϢ½ϻ֪غȻϷ½ֻӦ
½Թ½ӳ׵ʹ
½ʣȡĸ֣
½ûص[_[֮[
½۾һֺ

½
½ľù¶ɧܣ²ۣ֪½˽ղգ硣
ʮ㬣öǸУʵӹ߳ġ

½˽Ҫˣ֪½ΪŮģֱ½ҭһأͬеġĸ󣬱㿴½ʮֲ˳ۡ
ڿڴǷʮƣӶ½˵ҽʵˣûźүˣүЪ

½ɧûʹ죬ʮֲˣ²ߣҲˣ㬵ЪˣҲˣ˯
½ˣ
淳






113.   113    ָ

113 

½, ȥޥ
ޥѾˣȫһˣȫָ, ֽоء۾һǺӵʲô
ֱԹҽǸá˵Ľ֡ǲ, ˵ﲻ顣۾

½Ҳ˯ˣָ, һЦ߸, _[񡣡
, ˼Ǹ֡ɲʲô淡淡
½Ǹȡġ
ʮɣһֻϲ, ޥͳ׷ˡ

½Ҳ۲ޥʲôɥɫ, һҲһסʣ۲ۣ
ޥ˻һ, £۵۾ģ
½֣ˡ

ޥһ΢΢ѹǰѺӱҿ
½, һ֪ҪŪüëһ
ޥҲ½˵ǾҪҺȻ̵ҩ, Żûȣιһء
ס½ӻΣҪȻһغƵġ

½Ц
Ϊ˼ûԲģﶼǰɫ˵ġޥҲͬ, ޥͨˡޥ¡
ޥֲʲô˵飬½㻽Ѿߣѹﱧ
ޥ᷿ıӣ½[סϷޥӻԼȥ᷿㶼ŮˡЩٷԺӡ

ܿͱˣ½[ޥ
½쳤ˣѧᱧˣޥ԰һ£ޥַʮ
ҴСֶӵġޥЦ̡


½Ѿߺﶼȥޥ´ʣˣɡ
ι̣ôͽءޥ
һ˵ţһ߽ѣ¶ߣǵԲԲģȴǰࡣ
½Ŀš

ޥСʱ򿴹ܶΣͷһԣһӾͳɹˡ
ĸ׵ĺĺ֮䣬ɲ£ء޷ϵϵ
½[죬˺ܶ࣬ûôˣԿüۡ˱ֵֶʣɼʮֽ
ޥһ̾

ŮһһĵգСʱҿϲҴɩӸֶιˡҲǵԼ̵ĸоˣɿֶӺ̣ĪʹչȥɩߣֱϡɩŤͷңֱЦҲ˵ΪʲôǺϲ

½ȴޥĸܡ
ڴߣӸŮ飬ҲĪ¶ǿҵҸĵӿ
Ҳ̲סȥ֣ŮӵԼ·ӵȫ硣
ޥתͷȻһЦԣ

ȥޥЦţȥޥȴڿޡ
½˻ڴѵ޿޿ޣʲôÿ޵ģ
һЦ

½
߹ȥˣ
ޥ𡢱
½תͷԼĸס

½ûصԼˡ
ޥ꣬ǱˡޥŶܲԣѾûԼ͵͵⿪˿ͰԼˡ

½
½˵ôһأͻȻ޳ˣ㵱Ƥһȥܵһ̡ԲŰָ˭ҽ⿪ġ
˵˵ע˭֪ޥô죬ԼȽ⿪͵ˡ
˼ҲڶնͷţѾ´
ģ

⻰˲ƸɱƵĶƤ˿
ޥȥ
½Ҳ
½ӣʩʩȻȥŮȥˡ
Řȣޥӣˡ
ʮֺЦ

½ڼЪգȥԺ
ͬ׷׹ϲ˸סҶ֪˰οȵŮӣôһ֡ұġ
½лˣȴ˵ҺӶûТվƲܴˣλ¡

ޥҪʮµף½˶½˵ǰӣ캮ضģниճӵϱ͸·ġοӻôС
½á¡
½ֵϱСأҵÿ
½ֻõðɣҲ¡ҺͼԻຼȥ
½ˡ
˭ȥ̫ŵɫޥŮ̫ſ϶ģýֺͷõ

½½ʱޥûӡ½ޥһͨ
ޥҷ㵱˵䆪ˡ
ǰһôĹӡ

½õţΪ˲ġ
ͲϺúţȭ
ޥڴһ£Ҳ졣

׆¹ܶˣޥҲˣúõϴ˸裬ݺݵشһͨ
ﱣúܺãӶջ˲١֤ˣһȫջȥġ
ʰãˬŲԼߺߣ̰ҳ˰ʽôòҪ˲ˡ

Щ飬ҵһڣɾû˶
ޥ
С˵û

ޥ
ҵĿһ֮ǰҪˣ˵ţ껹㡣˵캮ضҲϹڣú
һ̯֣Ҳ֪Ӹյȥˡ
ޥ
ˣ
߯࣡

½˻ͷһιûҲûţÿͿϱŮ̹
ж˽ͷƵġ̾Ҫһֱͺˡ
˵ʲôŮӣ͵ˣԼ̫С
跭˸ۡ

ȹ꣬½½ʮ˽ݡ
ûТأͲȥˡ˵ʮ񣬸ĸТȷβ֡
áޥסӣҹأ컹ң

½ɫɻָˣ
ޥߺߣתƻ⡣
½Ҳ˵ȫ˵ġ
ޥĸװҵÿɺˣȫָˡ
 ¶ӽǰˣҲˣ˶Ƥڽָûõ֢״ˡ

Ŷ𣿡½ЦرβȥҼһ£ˣ㻹㡣
ޥҧһڣᡣ
½ϵϢŰ

ˡ
У

ӻûպã𿴡
ðɡ
СڿԾ֡

½ҵҵȷޥָòڰǸӻޥ
ޥĹӷֱ̫ˣûȱ˲䣬˶̴˹ӣ߳
ֱһշ̨Ϸ
ϲԵʽأһ֮ƣһԲʯϡһ죬֮ƣ

ҼĴȫ½վڴµ鰸ǰЦԼŮһƲɵ
̫ûѾͷħˡ
ЦЦлպīǱ
ֻ֪ޥԹǹڻֱӽ˳/ǹ
һŮ

Ԫ˶ٴ飬
ǣº֮ң֮ң֮ң޴µĻ
Ԫ˵Էյðɡ





114.   114    

114 

½ຼ, Ҳ½Ϸ˵ʹֻ֮͡ǰޥʱȣ򱡵òҪ̫ԡµļⴿǴ
½ĸޥ˵Īֲһ
ǰҪڶϱǰ˵ЩûʵĻϱһ, ˵˽ˡ
ޥǵﳣ˵СҲ⡣ˡ
½˴Ц, ⻰ʵڡ

½ҵĭ[[ˡ
½ޥδТ, ʶûд죬δп͡½᲻, ԼͷķСۡ
Ƕ½Ҵˣ׷״˸СС֮, ɿɰġ
ޥ¶棬ڷ˵л, ûвμϯ

½˵л֪ͬķ, Щһ
½ʣôһ
ޥһ˵廹û˵͡оͦԵġ
Ҫ˵, ;嵽ϸڡѵĴ䣬εķ, ֫ԵĶȣЦʱ¶ݿ֮Եļλ˲̫һ

½ͷʣ֪ΪΣ
ޥ룬ʣǲǳͬ
ˡ½, Ը̨ǼҺңࡣΨл֪ͬǸ
νǼһũά, һ߹һӻ߼Ӷ˼ҡ
ֱЩ˵Լҡ½ŵڣлҾ

ޥӾһһĵء
½ʲôأ
ޥСĵʣأ
½ʵʲôǾԼҲ˿л֪ͬ˲һ
½Ҳͷһؼлˣؾͽڲͬˣ

ޥһ뻹ǣƣأǰûֵġҲΪþòˡ
˶٣
þòˣ⡰þáУԼѾˣܿǰûĲˡ

ոĸһ𣬺úѧǣȻѬաԼû֣ѾǰһˡǰƤںмŮģˡ½Ǹ쳤վõ£ʵиķӡ
ޥɵˣʲôӣҡ

½һЦѹϣΪЩ㰡
ޥҪ
½ԡĽƱ硣
Ӻܿ
أһҹһҹģʵ

ڳ
½ϸúµĴ½ԼȻϰ˴صȴϲޥϲģȹ
ޥҲɫƣ⴩ա

½ЦˣӦ
ޥ
½͢گ鵽ˣ̫أϲ¡
ޥ㶨ˣҵ˭
½˵ôġ
ޥͷ

̲ס룬һӶȥ˾ǣ˻ʵۡǲҲȥˣ
½ճݹٳ£ǵ١һǻУǽҲԶȨģǵϢҲͺЩ
ޥʣǵ˭̫أ
˭еգ޵½ֳֵͳ˭

̫Զڽݵޥ˵ֻǸɷճĵĻ⡣ĺȹӴ˼չ񫣬ճǳЩǳǳɫ
һΪŷ½ĿζһΪģ½˵ķǡ
ޥΪ½ٷˣԼΪ½ٷ˸ģģЩģôҪˡ

ھǵĻ˵̫ǰǰʵ⡣
ʵ֮ǰʵ۳ĳһֱŲ̫ӣԟRһϵּľ档ֻϧڸ󲻸ɣҪŻʵ¾ġ

Ԫ˵ۺǾһӡ
ȥ谮ĶӣʼնԟRϾ֮ԟRĳɳ˾졣Ա֮£޴ûʲôͣһֱǸϳɳءķ
˵׵㣬ǣƽӹΪ

Ԫ˵Եǻ˻ʵۣеԭһʵĶ֣Ȼĳšʵ۸ĳ֮䣬ڲġվڻʵǰĳĸ˼ӣûʵԿʹ
ʱ򣬾͸о¹ٲǸʵһĵġ
ֲ˳꣬ݻ¹١Ԫ˵ʮˡ

Ԫ˵иσ̣ԭԪ˵ۼλ˾̫ࡣǃۺ죬ζҪλӡȴˣֻʹˣˣź°ɡ
σ̴ʱ򣬱ٵԪ˵չʳӣˣ֮ˡԪ˵۵Ҳã㲻ҸǰҲ̤ʵ

σ̱Ԫ˵۵ߣǬ幬Ԫˡ
ϲʵȨĴ̫࣬ɾεı̫˵
˿Ժţ·سһϸ硱

Ԫ˵۷̫ӵ£ϻ£ͦԲԲĶϣͬԹϴ󵫷ЩҲԥˡ㿴Ǻܣܳþ˾֪
үԼܣܾ˾֪σаֻۣ̾һԺö䣬ʵ۷ɧ
ֱʵʵϣ˵вУ

뾩вԣ֪¶ЩģԪ˵۵һڶоӱһЩ˵ߡС֮ơ
Ԫ˵Լ˵˭͵ģԟR
ֳֵԪ˵ȴһֱ̫ӣҲΪԟRԵʡ
ֻᣬڸһٱơ

σһʻ˵£Ҳ
һˣˣûʡɡ
̾Ҳʵû˿ʣġ
σ̲ȴ̧ͷūֻ֪źʳԵʲôġֻǱ¡βȥţ
Ԫ˵۾һ˵öԡ

գţǳһٶǬ֮˿ɳԽ
Ԫ˵۶ĳ谮˳ۣ˳ʱţӵеȨȻԪ˵ۣ
İ˻һǣ˻ȫˣΨţƽɣ

ڶԪ˵۱ţͬ⡣
ţ̧עԪ˵Ƭֱ̣Ԫ˵۶̫ˣſʣҪūѰĴ𣿡
Ԫ˵ۣ

Ԫ˵۸еۣ
æţ˵ʲôء
ţͷԭūˡ
͵ȵôʣǸ˼ˡ

Ԫ˵ۺëֱĸоˡޣ
ԥġ
ţֵͷʣܶµɱ𣿡
Ԫ˵ۣ
Ԫ˵˶ˣоţͨôôأ

ţȵҳͳСӵ֮գ޿ɺصöһնݳСº֮ң֮ңǰ֮
ţ̧۾£𣿡

Ԫ˵۵ȻֲǾ˳ۣ
ֵλûνֵܣӳľľߣ۾֮ǰû档

ǶǶ׵İ
ȻԟRɲͲɰô˵һӣǵճ
ֻϣɫĶӼ̳мҵѣϣǻɱ

ãԪ˵۶ͷ亹乣ϣ
Ȼˣţ̹Ȼ˵Ǳ»ʲôʵأȻǸ˭˭
ţһ仰˸ûܴﵽĳɾ͡
Ԫ˵ѡΪ

ţظ֮󣬶Լ˵ȥ֪һ£֧
ŵҲҪ֪𣿡
ţǡ
ŵǺء
ţеıʿÿж֪ýҡңԼû·̡ǲǺң
ȥˡ

Ԫ˶£Ϊ
ٴδ¡






115.   115    

 115 

Ԫ˶Ķ, ԟR˵һشĴۡ
Ԫ˵վ˵ճѪͳʵ̫ͳ, ûƵùȥĸҪǸ˵ˣԡ

ԟR̾һһ㣺һҪ𣿡
̧ºγԣ
ԟRЦһͳ, һʲôأ
ӵʱһͳ, ôʱ򣬵¾͸

ΪֻһҰ, ҵ׵ҪҲǴ׵ֵһЩˡԟR, ҵһԾŶ, ܾһС塣
ڲ, Ȼ룬ٹٲɣҲû취Ȼ̾Ϣ, Ĳ֪ȥ׻û塣

Ȼ塣˵Ҫ, Ҳܼ򵥡
ԟŖ
ƽصֻҪֻҪ̫Ϳˡ
ԟR, û˵

ȷʵһЩԟR
ңԶģԟR֪ҲδıˣЩҲմ, ɸɾ
ͬĵճ֣
ʷᡣԶʷһʡ

а˺ܳʱ䡣
塭ԟRеƣ廹úõػɽأûɱҸҲûɱ
Ϊ־ڴλΪ±ͱȴϡճɱǲò¡
ĴλͲҪη塮߱֡֡ԟRʲôʱλ֮˹ҼˣţǶ֮սɽͺ˶ˣЩ𣿡

̫ͫĺˣ˵ʱ򣬻ǰһԟRŵһ˲
ŵһ˲󣬿ĺڵҰĺͺݾԟRһɲڹĲ
ƽһˣһˣһˣ˵ؾλˣôܻһأ

ԟRճȭҧã̧ͷֻڣҸô죿Ѿ̫ˣѶֻиȥ
س̫ӱʵľ룬Էϲ¼ɡϾµҲСˣȵôѪǰȥ̫ӣʲôϵ̨ˡ

˵£²ôõõһ˵֧֡ûˣû̡
ԟRԼȹһ飬ȴû˻˭ʣ˭
ӵ塢ɵĲС
գ˵Ժţ󡣡

ԟRȻţѾ֧̫ˡ
ţֻڱ¸ǰ˵ǵճѡ˵һϻֻڱǰ˵һ֪Ʋʵֻô˵ķϻ

¿֪̫ӵʱ֪ţڱǰ˵ǵճô˵𣿡̫ӵʱ˵Ǹ׵ġ
ԟR⻹˵Ļ
ӳӣõճ߹һУñʸ

ˡд˵һ䣬̫Ӹ£Ͼɸӡ̫Ӹ£֪ģͶ֪ţ˵Ҳһġ̫˵ĻţڱضѾ֪ˡҡ
ĬƬ̣ŵûţͱ˵ʲôôܴǵĶһ䡮ǵճ֮⣬ǻ˵ʲôôһ䶼û£ţ󰡡

ԟRţӡʱ̡
һǳ̫͵ţվڴ֮Уɫϣ֯͵צ
һǣźӣһͷذǿͷ˳ԟRʱվڵһţɻŵ˺ʱȵصסıˡתͷһۣǻ

һǸʺسЩ޹ĳƤػ̫ˣڸԱߣòǿ񣬻룬ԟRΧĹĵϣѾ˯ˡ
ɺȻϾԟRⰲѣۣǺڵ׽ߵۣݵ˽ݵ˵һЩǬ

εӡ̫ˣ֪ţ󹫿֧̫ӣ̫һʱʧ˶־
ʱ˿˻Ļһ˵
϶˵£Ժţµ֪£һֶĿģţ͵ǰõġ

ԟRΪˣ
Խ˵һͼȫòԽ·Ѿ˴ľƣţλá
ؼǣţ̬ȡ
Ϊţ󣬸֧̫ӡ˵Ʋ̫ͳⲻĵճݡȻҲܺµ̳ԣڱǰ˵ޱȷķϻ

˵Ҳб˵ԣ̫ҲǷϻԣ̫Ӹţ֧ʲôͣӦ¡̫˵ţֻ֧ǡûѡ
ţţҪģǰû

ԟRţӡ̵ĻҲǻţӡ̵Ļһ˵ţһ߻ʱ龳Ѫ
Ǹ˺һǲȱ֮ˡԼˣԼֻǴеһӡ
ԶӴݣؼĽڵӣԼΪһŶ˵ֵõӡ
һӣ㶨Ǭ

ţˣôĳΪһõء룬ʳǵţͿڿ˵¾롣ʲô
ԟR촽
ĹԪ˵εˡ
£Ԫ˵۶ȥһˣ

ԟRȻ
ţ£һˡˣǲû˵ġǣѡˡ£ѡʶһһˡţеѡҪǸˡ
Ҫţ󣬵ںĶԾб¶̫ȱݡţһ
˸Ҫţ
ǣţݵ߽Ǭ幬վ

ӣ̫ӣԼߵһȣԼ̳һжͳԡԼҪţġڣ˭Ҫţأ
ԟR³һ۾ૣǹ°

һºڷߵҹţԼլۡеʹߡ
ΪĸһĻţӦЩͣ飬и˹֮ǰǸıʿ档
ʹ߳ǰʱ΢΢زˡ

㡣ţ˵꣬ʣΪʲô㣿
Ϊ߿̫֮٣ʺ`գԳһ֮ˡ֣ƽ

ӪΪܣפȥܿ챻ˣæˡ̫ӸɸƵġ
ţ˽ⶼǴⲿ۲õġ
ǰˣߵࡣṆֲ̡̀߳ʿָͨǿ
ţûаѡ̡͡Ļšѵõزһء

Ҫˣ˵͵ģֻǸıʿ
ţȤ
ΪܶûͬУ湤˫ȫĺˡ̶͢һӰѳ̫͢ˣǶֻѧһסЩûʲôеɫˡ
˵˵λ̣Ϊηͳ̫ӲҪҪأţ䣬Ҫô˵ҡ

̧ӡ
Ѹߣңڷ֣ȴ念Լܻܶꡣ٣ñȽϳá
̫ͳԾӣȻԼļ̳˳Ӧλ޲ۣҲͲҪ˽¡Ժ˾ţɭɭֱ־ɲֻۣӰûӰӣֻ¾Ҫˡ

̫ӣǵҪԺܻҪѸ£ԼǸҪӰӵͳüԺΪҪֺµĶˣΪ֧ͳ޸֮ˡ
һУֶȲһ¡ҵ£޶ܳɴ¡

ǰһݶȨǰη塣
λȨأѵǶ㡣ǲ󶼶Ϊ֡
ԼԼֻ붼ڸӵʱ򡭡Ǭ

˵ҰģᶨһޱȣȻ˵˼⡣
ţЦˡ
ûˣƽģһֱ֪ģߵǸˡ






116.   116    ʤ

116 

ʹϢµʱ˽, ޥ½һ̸ʡ˱Ҳȥˡ
һԺ壬½Ϣڼҡ
ޥȥ½½һ, Ȼˡˮ̵ĵۣ˿̧ͷ֦ͷĴ, иͬһִͼڶҼ˿ֽϡ

һʱ, ѾͷͲ裬յһԡ
½רע, ̧ۡ
ɹƬ̣Ѿͷû, ½̧ۣÿҧŵ֧ʣ£

Ѿͷͷ԰, Ǳˣޥ䡣
ԭҳ, ½ע⵽һȹڱȥ
½˵¡֣ʱ, ¡

÷˵̫͢, ˡ
ʵȥԪ˵۵ǻһءЩ£½򸾡½޻һġѾ͸, ֻ֪»ʵˣˡ½ҹ¾õӣʲôɽ⺣, ʲôɽ䣬Ƕ̫Զ̫ԶˡߣǽʲôȹĻÿѡ

Ұ֮ʱŰ꣬䱳ˡټʫҲǸűټʫĺӶѡ
ֻ¼һӲʶֵˮƽԵȺǱޥ࿴һʱ䡣
СߵѾͷǴССһ飬һġޥ޵½ңޥȴ½СֻѾͷ˻졣ܵĽҲͣ˰ˮƽ沢޳

¼Եڲͬ½ңɫġʶֵѾ̫࣬涼ˡ
ݵʱ̾һ°ٻСֱɲġޥʮȥ׷߰ʱѧĶѧϰٶȺȶСʱǿöˡѾϳ
ûʲôԼܳ·һµˡ

Ѿͷ˻죬żȥһ˿˿Թ۽ԵѾǲࡣȥµ۵ǻһ䣬ûǸʶ껹÷˵һ죺Ӻٷ˵ִءȥŴء
ߺȻ˵һ᲻Ҳˣ

ȥޥ߶ûӡ÷֪ԭ侹ǹū澡
ࣺҪڱָܻˡ
ȥʰɡ
һء

½壬׳ŵˡ
½ޥ˵ǷûĹū澣ҲǹټС㡣֪Ǿººıްɷȥ꿴µ԰永ԱӴ޳˳ȥͱʾûǸ˼
ϣģϣ
ַǳԵһеýǮΪ֮ߡ֮ϣ

ȻףɻһСϣֵȷһ̫˵¡ǵͷӦ󣺡ã˵һ˵ɻǵø׹ְ
׼æͳдõֽݸ½½ӹɨһۣǸǵƷ֮ҡ

ƷڵطϣǸˡھƷ繷º֪˭
ǸºĴﵹˣ
ߣܸº޹ϵţֵļԺ̬Ȼ󻯶꼰޹
ɽķܲˣնܿӣһ֮ͣûʲô

ֽ䣬ȥƽ
ϲæиȥˡܿƽˣ½ȥ鷿Ѱڵۡҡ
ȥµ۵ǻһڣ̫ӵһڡ½ĹԱˡ
ƽȥˡ

Ӿ˳ʮ꣬Ԫ˶꣬ޥˣ䳤ˣƽ۶ˣܵöǰˡ
½һִͼʱƽۺһˣӣȡˡ
½濴ɣãͻ鷿ȥ

ƽۡ䶼ʶ֣õμ̿ƽ۰
һĹ򣬻ཻſ飬ûҡ䲻ģִͷβһ飬ȷϣûоûС
ء

ƽ۰ֽ̯ʰãһۣС˵ѹˣȥлȥ
ԭԵѾͷ˵óϣģºڴ֮ڣһʱϣʧǵظƽȥҼ䡣

½һѾ꣬ͣǽʣΣ
ƽ۵飬ûС
½Ԥ֮Уף˵ûУú°ɡ

½ļֵۣΪÿ˶Ӧøλù佫ر߽ͨСľա
ںլŮ
ū澣Ȼ޷ѣ㵱ū澣¡

京ᣬ̧½һۡ⼸ѹĵ׵Թͱһˡ
ǸʮĵɬѾͷӡ÷úõܹѾͷĵ/̣½ﶼͨͨΨһۣ½࿴һۡ
ɿظ˸תܵˡ

ƽ۵ѹأĪ
½ǸҪܸߵˡĶСˣͷӲʶ֡ѾǣҪ¡
½˵ޥϸѾͷֻ÷ӡߺ䶼ϸ
ֻޥ޹ģ½ǷŵҪճǶʹӡ÷㡣

ƽ£½յԼĻ
룬ղСѾͷһۣԹǲ
ֻѾһִͼ˾ˣٶʡ
½õ࣬ʵǣϲ˵۾

ҲڿһŮˡ
ԟRţ޽ԼֻԼǳϸ
ţѾվ˻¹ٵȨ壬е۳ΪԟRʲôⱾûжԵȽ棬Ҳûʲô
Ҫľ񡪡չ˱ֶǬʱҪţѡԟRѡһ
㹻˵ţɣţӦˡȥԸ̫ӣȴǻԟRԼ¡

ԟR˵ǰص˴ǰһҪֱ˽̫ȥ
ԟRŲյű͵֦ͷ̾˿֪̾ʲôӣʲôӣ
ĺߣеµľ¥ڡ

ԼҲ̲ס̫̾һ
ԟRһЦûСϣƫֲǰɣʮʱͷˣĺû˼ԺȻҪ˵ңء
һǶ࿴ͽҰɡˡ
ԟRθ念ٱɽ

ԟR鷿СѾһ׽סֱۣЦ磬Ҵȥˡ
Ŀ֣ʲôˣ
СЦɽġ

ɽһˣǵŮ춼ûɫõ͢Ĳŷɽʵ
õŮӣִʹ󳼼һЩĸ
ӪʮܣŮӣСȥ顣˳¹Ҳ䣬ʺϰ£С۾ʮֻῴˡ

С㿴ǸŮӣһһ£ȥһҲϡ档
ŮӣҲһ˲
Сֵ磬㿴˭²µóҽп˳£ˣ;죬벻˵ ˵гʮ֮ˣֻû֮ǰ󲻵ô񣬼ֱһģ̳һ㡣

Ůӵһ۱֪˭ˡ
³һϡ
˶٣ֵʤ֮






117.   117    

117 

ҶϽ귽ʮ, ռǡûоĻᣬǸŮû͢, ֱ͵
δ˲֪㷲Уһˡ
˵Ĵɫ, һĸоߵǰŷԭͿɫĴ֬

Ҷǰ˵һЩ˻Ϳ֬, Ůһ㡣ֻûȺãû, Ҷû
ڼˣҲͿ֬һֱΪ, ЩͿ֬˿һܿЦӦ, вŮġ

ǰˣ˵Ĵɫֻ˾һ˿˿, ̫ҿҶϼ˶ˡ
ߵһͿǳ촽֬ӣҶҲáвŮҪҶ, ֻáĪ桱ĳְĴʡ
Ҷϵһ֪ԭÿ, ˣױҲȻÿ

Ҷϱ˵òסƬ, ѹ
Ǵ̵ķɫأˣ
Ҷϱ㴹ͷȥٿĸ׺ǰ˵м, 㿴ٺÿ޺ģ㶼֪סŸʲô

Ӣȴ̧°ͣϸض
ҶŵָⷢǡҪ˵
־УʣҶϣ㸸ǴĽڣ飿
Ҷϲǡ

㳤һʶˣԣһݸ󡣡ʣûеӽӣ
ҶϲҴ
˵͵һߣһ裬ʮʮ񣬰͵ߣ㸻ڡ
ﶼѾһˣʲôǱĹˣ˵ϵĸ
Ҷŵᶼˣʣ檡ūҪΪΪʲô

¶͡һܴŮӡ
ǸŮӣüԻ˵ʤϡģȴǸ̼Ůϱһء
ſ°ͣҪȥ̫ӵߡ

̫Ӳã֮ǰֻ˵µ谮Ķӡ
ҶϸеԼʲôη¼Уŵ촽ҲǼǧҲܺūʹ澣֮䵽յĵزΪô
ĸֻǴĽڣ̵˵Ĺζѣвʲô¡ֻһܣ˶˼ҡ

һָסĴ£ҲȥϸġȥˣֻԼĸͿԡ㲻ʶңҲû˵ءҲҪΪκ£ֻҪ㣬ܵó谮ܵøͿԡΣԸ⣿

˵Ըôأ
飬ġɽ˶ţֳܵܶ촦ĸ׺룬˵ȥɽҪЩӡ
˵ô໰ˣѾˡ̫ӡˣ˵ԸĻɣ
ҶϰẬסˣŬлˡ

ͷӴԺһЦȹü÷Ůӡ
㲻ߣܹ°ܶׯɣ̫£ġ
ΡҪģֺˡ

ҶϵЩҶᡭ
ûϵ˽㡣
ҶסһԺӣһòĸ˽̵Ůˡ
ǸЩˣȴͷŶһܹס˵̬ҶϾһǸŮˡ
ȻǣǸ𱡣

ʮյʱ䣬Ҷϸѧܶ࣬Ҳѧúܿ졣
һգ˵ͲˣΪ֮
Ҷᡣ
˵ѽѽ˵ˣҪպãҿʲôáϲޣ޵˿á

˵ѽǵòҪšҲ֪ǰ˭ֻ˳Ǯ㣬ұ֪ԺҪʲôӡԽŵ£ԽܹúáҺ㣬Ҳ⼸յԵˣ㱣ذɡ
ˣҶãᡣ
ӽһУʥ飬ĵ¡
ӽһɫ˵Ůӡ

ԟRʣҪô͹ȥأ
˵͵ȥ
Ԫ˵۵ĶҲǸرĴڡԪ˵ôӣ˶ֻһ˿
Ԫ˵۲ǻƵֻۣں㣬ҲһǷ⿤ġ
ǣˣֵǶһˣֻһԭ̤û

ҲԪ˵ۣô࣬ϲģϲġ
ʮһʮһӣǰʮһӡֻǸͨѾͷ檶ûɣʱˡȴʮ󣬱ֵܽز۵ģȴúõػˡ
һز˺ӵ檸ֻֻԼĺӣ˵ĺʵϲĲô

λʮһӱ˱ӣִСࡣԪ˵һֱڼΪʺ񣬱صĶʮֲϲ˻ʵۣԵĶӶʮһʱԪ˵ۺһ˵Ҳֻ

ʵʮһӸŴӺǣܳЩʶҲȴǰˡټϿ֮ԼĳʷſͣҲȰˣѾʼڴǰиĹ뷨
ֻĸʶ̫ˣϡһҶĲӡٹ
ͳУǡһ

ſ͸⣺Ѿڱ£̫ӣϾԪ˵ʹˣҪɫˡ
е
̫ףصʱֻɳкܶˣҲûܲʲôرǰһֵܴӱ̫Ӵ߿һ۵
ˡ

ֱ죬Ȼһʮָ˵빦ظ˵˾̫ϲ
ŽɣóȴһŮӡ
Ȼȷòüͷֲ̫ûˣξ̫ϲ

үϢŭүϢŭǃ̵ү˶Ů˭
˶Ǿĸҳ;죬ֻһʱ벻
ȵǃ˵˶翴̫Ǹϡʱ˶ȻȭƣҾ˵˭ԭǳϣ

ʵŮô࣬ܶǵסοǱԺеŮˡ
ֻϵ棬ʮֵšԵҶʵԼԺΨֺĹǳײˣ˵塣ƫźȹƵĳ԰ι䡣Щ˼

Լһ԰Ȥٹ䣬ûôλɩŮûˣһܳ裬Ҳˡ
Žɣ񣿡ʣǵóϣ

ǃ̽ÿ촹ϣСǰֻǸɨ԰ӵۡϰ԰ӣǳ
Ԫ˵ۣ˶Ǩˡνһ˵õȮ죬Щ´ǰǸɨۣ˾ǾͶ˺ϵԭˡ
յۣھҲǸСˡ

۳ĺϵƾȵطֲÿһӵĸС
ǵƽÿһӸУ۾ֹõ

ʣ񣿡
̶䣺ʮʮ񣡡
ģƣɽ֪͵ļң󸾼òֱӽˡŽѰˡ
ҶԼҶϵĸģһһˣ³ߵĽŽҲûҡҷ˼ұ㽫ҹ죬͵͵ˣ֪ļҡ

͵˶˽󸾿湻󵨵ġ˵ʲôأ˵ð
һĴȣ˵˵ãˣ
Ҳܹ־ˡҲ벻ǻӣڱ˵опõļֵֽҶ͵̫ߡ

͸̫ӵĺһˡ
̫Ŀ־ʲôûҲյĵһˡ첻⣬ֻӻֶԃ˵ȥԺ
ֻȴԥˡ

̫Īôˣ
̵С˲ţǵԿɡ
̫ӵĺıơ

Ů̬ȣһȹü仹÷統һģȴֶһ崿һ
·Ůһ
̫еĲյ˵̺ϡ
̫ʧʣ𽿽
᣺ζμء






118.   118    

118 

Ҷ統ĳϱᴿİ汾, 븮ձ̫ң븮ձ̫ӵļ⣬븮, ӱΪ̫ɡ
Ԫ˵һɽŮ̫һ١̫ӹڵϿ󣺡ֻ, 룬Խ, Ǹз
̫󡣲һŮ˶ѣŮδ޴Ӹ, ޴ӷԭԷԪ˵ʵԶǻͦõ, ͬҶ̫ɡ

һֻҵҶϡµ˯ž
һ, Ȼ֣ҪȥЩʲô͵ӡ͵֮¡, ͻ̫֪ģרģ³ġ

ֱһ, ԰ки̳ʱٷɿظ˽ٸһ, ֻܻԼҪκ¡Ȼַɿʧˡ

ǸͿɫ֬Ӣ, ĻԶ
㣬˯̤ʵˡ

Ҷ븮, ̫ӻϲòУòˡ
̫Ӹĺˣӣÿģ󲻹ˡ
Ȼ⣬ǰǸͺ֪˿˵ˡ

ҷЩ۵̫ӵʱȥã̫յŷˡ
ԭ˵ԶԶģм䲻֪ôأһת˸֣Ͱ˿ŷȥµҤһˡ

ҶϳĬã̾ҡ
ֵϾôµĵطܽ˻ĥ
ȴǣ̫ġ

Ҷס
˵ɳôطһһˡֻһʱѾˣ̫ӱ㽫ˡΪ˻ˡ
̫ӵһμʱҲˣ˵ζ
Ҷпϣյﶼû
Ȼа׵õĸ󣬶ǲ˶ҧһڣ֣֡
ֻӱһ𣬾ɲˡ

Ҷϵĵó븻̫϶ԣֱǶѪĶ
ֻھ÷ҲʲôϾݲͬˡ
̫ӷΪ֮ǰֻʱпڽǣͱȫǶ֪ˣ۵õʱڻʵǰصңܿŭȫ˽ϵͷϡ
ڽһʣּҲһʡ

׵µǻӾδ̫ӣ㻹ú÷ʡȥĶӳ֪ʶ˴λ޲㣡
ǣԮѪ̡

ֻõͷ̫ϴΪʾãųϵĿѰµ檡
ϣ÷̫̫֮˻û£ҶϺճǸʮһ壬֪רѰһФƳϵŮֺ̫ӡ
Ůϵױ硣

̫һۣЩιȥȻϣʢϵĳٶȳ֣ʢ
ֻΣ˶ѹ֣ӶҪȢˣҪССҪȫ֣
ֻ̫޵ҹҹҧ

ǰҧ䣺Сˣ
̫ǲĶģֻҲ֪ǲԵģûӦġһȴȰ԰ȥɢģԶԶر㿴ҶһϮ¡
ŵЦָǰ
̫һЩûŤͷߡ

ҧգڻһСˣҶϵ֣װͷѹˣ
նҶֱ³һϣ̫ӸۡĴűĵɽ졪
Ժ£ţ
Ժ£ţ
Ժ£ţ

ƣ÷̫ӣǡ
Ծ˳̫ް֮󣬶ѾʮһûסˡṬŵþˣ⡣ھ˳۵ʱֻ볤ϣҪ̳ˣ˱Ҳûкú
÷̫ӵʱ򣬶ǰ״̬ˣкüΣûסˡɡ
ɶķúͷȳƤ£µײڿʼˣѾ˸߰˰ˣԭԤƽ̫һסġ
̫Իסԭȵ

Ժţ̫ӾôС檵Ժһ·ųӭġ
ԺţиҲģ̫һ·ŸϹֻǵĽڻ˸ĳˮһ̫ȥ
̫Ǹ̫Ӽݵˮһʱͣҷֿȥɫɴ׵֯۴ǰǽڻĲâ
ˣ̫Ӿá㻹Щţ

ֻƣ̫ӿûеʱ־æǰȥ̧񣺡ţʶǡ
¡ţشҲ򵥣ٷּ참
̫ӻʣţѾһ˦ӣֱȥˡ

ԺѾ˵ƻ𣬷ţҵȴ˿š
̫ӶͷðţʲôģԺʵ£Ķǻʵնİӣ˭ܿ졣̫ʧķΪʲôţ

֪ʱ̫޵ﾪ彻ӣںޱȣֱ˺ң˺ң
ԺɱſˣΪͷǸΪʲô
ʱѾˣмˣߴ磬ʹȺͿµģҶǼˣ
һʱģҪʧ̫֮λˣ
죬ü

Ѿͷæ̫ͷƣͳǸż
ԭϽ֤ݣŽżͳӣѾԺУĴҲȻƿ
Ѿͷʧܳȥ
̫ڴߣ𾪵ؿǸż
⡭ⲻһ

̫˲Ժţ̫Ϊ̫һǿǰºôҲ̫ӣҪʲôʾ
ţţֻݵš
ǿ˵ǰţԺӵĴ߿ˣŮǵľС

һӵ룬߿š
ţŷӳֱش̫޵
̫İβִֿ㘆ȣᣣܿӰ

У̫ļŭ⣺ţǱ޹˴룬ñںδ
ţ£˱Щࡣϻ˵¡
̫δ䣬Ѿǰסᣣ̫Ѿڵ
ŮӴڴߣɫ԰ף򶨡ֻ˫һǴ³֣Ƕ͵ţǰ

̫ӴһЩʹȥ
ż
ǲͨż˭ˣ֪׹ż
ż䱻޻ͷ¶ˡ

ţδ˵̫ȷˣ̫ʲô˵ʲô
̫ĵؿһۣǽʲôҲ˵
̫ӱҪȥվڽ̤Ͻס
ţǰȥס̫ӵļ̫ӱһɴվȡţߴվڴǰƽʣء

ղõżƿ֪ãȻָһֻͣͷûдŰֵֽ
ֻ̫۲
ǽֽżؽ˸飬ûС

ţ˿ľȻվһԵ̫ݲͬҸһԱĻᣬ˵ҽһֲȫת¡
̫ף˵
̫ż˵ѽ㵹˵ѽ

̧̫ͷ
̫ס
̫ҵɷ˵ɽ˺ģ谮»Ϊʼɳͷʷż䣬ӴԺ󲻻µĺӡ

ֿ̫һţеż䱻ÿҪˣҲóһż
ŭˡ
֪ˡţֱӴ̫ӵŭ̫ۡ

̫ʱ۾ֱֱضţ
̫ھǵãƶʣʶ塣Ϊʶ塰Ůӣڹؼʱ̣Լľ
Ȼ˲Ƶһķϣǲ֪һġ

ţúȤ̲ס΢΢ǡ
СƽļƲ߱һŮ˻¡






119.   119    

19 

ţ߳, ̫Ӵæţţ
׷ֺޣ£, ʵǲ֪ģ֮󣬼֮󰡣
ţ󰲸̫ӵ԰ūȥ˱, »ء
̫Ѿ֪ˣ
ţȻص洢ū£Ȼʾˡ

̫㷲, ǿ񣺡ºһ
ţ΢΢һЦá
˱һ˹Ǳ֮ٲ˵ģַǽȥ

Ǭ幬ƻͨ
ţܱ, ̫Ӹ漰׹֮£漰, ţ󲻸רϡ׹ǻʼҴɣԪ˵һ, ŭţȥ졣
һֱû˯, ڹŻر

̫һǬ幬˹ȥ£
Сʱܵʱź, ˶ڸúʡ̫Ӵӻӵʱ, һ˴㺰
ǵճ̳, Ҳţ, ߷áֻҪˣˣ¾ƽȥˡ

̫ӲߣԪ˵ѾŭĿ죡
Դӵ˻ʵ֮󣬺ʹǰ̫һˣûôȰѹࡣ̫ŵһ£졣
Ԫ˵۵ţ˵

ţʹ˳һ̡һü˵żͼżòһ鲼ϡ
ż̫Уʱ̫١ͬҲ̫ѳġŮָ֤̫м͵͵ߡū̫ԱĻᣬ̫̫ӵµϣԼޣ䣬̫µĺӡ

Ԫ˵
ţ
Ԫ˵۱۾һ
ͦãٲɱ׶ӡ
ʵϣţ֮ǰԪ˵۶˽սܱ˵ѹ٣ҪҪԼ׵ɱԼӡ

浽־ʱԪ˵۲һξ˳ۣԼǸˡʵ᲻ɱ׶ӵģ
ɱֵܣĲǸ˰

ֱ֮ŭһѽƷϣƿڴѡĺ
̫æȥһ߿ͷšϢŭϢŭһȴżˣӽжʱֻǼնѡ

Ԫ˵뿴ľˣһָţŭڣ
̫Ӵæˡ
ֻߵЩ£һأûҲûأ㲻ȥأ
ԥţԪ˵۵̹иʣ¿£
̫ӵûУҹء

̫̱ģ˵С𷣵ʲô̶̬Ҫ̫ߵ̫أŻϽܡ
ˡ
ˡ̵µҲãȻذɡ
̫ԥԼҲ֪˻ʵۡԼ̫֮Щµȷǰﲻһˡ
̵ذɣذɡ
̫û취ǾȻȥ
ţղŸ˵ˣǽϼµĺͿ£µġ

˭ϲǵţиһסһߴ󺰣ţţ
ˣ̫ӵĵճӣϵ׶ӡǰһСӣڴһ̫¡
յյĻʳ
ֻǻʳŹˣûţţһ·׷Ҳȥһֱ潹صȺ

Ҫ游Ҫ游ʳԼ׵ֱۣɫұ̼游
ƽʱʮТ˳֪ôˣ
̫е㱻ŵ

תһ룬һԪ˵۵ĶȻԟR˵˭ܸԟRһԪ˵۵ĳ谮治̫Լ̫ӵĶӣԪ˵۵ĵճӡ
̫Լ׵ǰûдöȥԻǸ¡
ǵŻδϣ̫סˣִŻʳȥˡ

̫֮Ԫ˵ţɧͶ̥ҼҵĳӣˣƫͲΪŮ۶ӣͷ˺ü
ɧţţҲͳְվֱԪ˵۲˼ٸɧȻʵ۶һ˷ɧǶ˱ʾصһַʽ

Ԫ˵ɧˣţʣʾ£δã
Ԫ˵룬ʣȵۣôã
ţĬһ£Ԫ˵һ⻹Ҫ𣿡񣬼ص籣ơ
Ԫ˵۾ԼʵҲɵģ׵ܸʲôء
Ǿ͡Ԫ˵籰ɡ

䣬̽Сˡ
С¼ǻʳȻĻС¡ǻʳĳƺرĸҵжٵĵ£ֻһС¡ǻʳˡ
Ԫ˵յôˣ
룬̾ɡ

ʳһ˽˵ϣͷأޡ
ʲôҲ˵
ƫôޣ㶽Ԫ˵ۿ޵ˡ
ˣˡԪ˵۵۾ʪˣúӣͿ¡

ʳĿ죬Ҫ
Ԫ˵ˡ
ĵһͨһף͵һ游һӣֳֵϻۻ塣ʵϲ

ڣԪ˵۳ˡ
ˣˡ˼޴ҵЭˣţϱһšɡ
ʳ̧ͷ棺ߵл游

ϵĸ֪ʲô£֪ĸסˡ㣬סԼ
ϱšᣬԪ˵۰ѹȥˣʳȻû覴õĻʳǼ̳˵ļ̳ˡ
ţ֣ǡ

̫ӻΪӽȥүү˵ᷣû뵽ţԼӳģ̶ŵһ籡
̫ſ죬û˵
ʳ۾ͨ죬һۡ

ţǻظһ·ÿ˶ˡ
ֻصУ֮⣬ţ̫Ѹλȥɡ
̫Ӹϣֱ֣ҸԵ־ˣˣҪˡȥֻԶ˵ȥɣôһ

ʳȥˣƬֳ̣ˣϴĸҪ㡣
̫ӻҪܾʳҪ¸˵ܾ
̫û취һվԶԶţ󣬲鲻Ըؽȥˡ

Ѳ޵ʮҡ
˿бڵϣŶһ𡣽Ѿѣ̫ӽ̧۾

֪һ˽ͨǲ̫ҿ۾ġ̫ӾͲң۾ҪҺ£
϶ˣҪΪ˶Ҫ±˵Ҳ

ҵȷ֮¡ŮżŵҶϵ֡سϡ
̫ۿǸżżԼ䲻ǵģȻŽϲ̫ӣԺҪʵۣҪ뵱ʺ󣬾͵ꡣ
Եʱϵ˵ǣŷֻٺ»µĺӶѣҲѾôຢˡ
ֻȻǸޱȣ¡

̫뿪߳ϣȴŵֻͳȴǸżҼһ桭ǽϵ֡
̫ſס̫Ļк壬ͻȻ޴Ŀ־ס

̫ӵĸܣһۿ֣мĸɵ֧ԺתºգٽڵʱҲһе˾޴Ŀ־塣
ٽڣǻʵ۵ա
żǻʵۡ

һ˲мˣ
ǸеĸҪҶϡҶԼҲ̫ϡ
ⶾƣҪ⸮еÿһˣԼɷͶӡҪ̫ӵһС
Ҫա

˵Ů˺Ů˵˲ͬ
񵱳ҲֻǽаѳԶԶˡüˣ¼˶ѡûҪϵ
˳û˳ϡ
󣬳˭أ
˵ᣬһ֣

һ˲׿һеƽķߺޣȥ鰮޵һ˲Լľ
ƣӵĽŲѾƵ˴ߣϽдԪ˵˺Ӳȥ
Ȼһ԰ɷͶӶȥһ˶
ϲ޷̵룬һ̣ųΪһϸ̫

̫Ӵأֻú󱳷
ҪأǰֵȻҲҪĵز
ڣˣȫˣ

̫Һ壬һʱ벻˭ġߣɡ
ͻȻǬ幬￴ǸżǼ˵ġɵʱţ̫õʱżǴġ

ţʵһֱڶû߹ʲôǲ̫̫ӳ檣ǲ̫Ӹʵۣ
̫ǰʹһ䡰ء
ż֮󣬾ͷ·űôڵСֽҲһ޷ƵġţԪ˵ǰҲûἰֵ¡Ļ㱨ֱӾͰ鶨Ϊ̫ʶ׹ˡ
̫ǿŲ̫Դһ¡ţţ󱣻

ʱѾͬʱţʹת˽
ţ˸߻СŮˡ
ԟRӣǱţЦ𣿡
ʣǣ𣿡

ᡣֻӦʱ񡣽£ԶȲΪκ¡෴ܻ̫һѡ
Ϊδֻǰ棬ǣ̫Ӳǰ档

ԟR̾û뵽λɩ
֪ܲΪһأޣ治û˵
ȴɩȥˣƷ׼úһЩɡ






120.   120    

120 

̫Ӹ, ȷų̫Ϣպŷų̫šϢ
ǳˡ
Ԫ˵ţһ¼֪̫Ǹ, ˵ǺǰԻ̫ӵһʮֵ

Ԫ˵۴ŭ
͹һǰɣԪ˵ۻǵõ̫ѪǸأ
춼ҪˣǰصĴʱ̣Ѫһס
ʱˡ

ȥǨŭ, Ů˸Ҵ
ţû˵
σ̵ء
Ԫ˵Ǿ

̫Ӹ﷢ľ, ҶҲǾúü˯ž
̫ûˣ̫Ӿһ, 檣, ȻˡǾǰС
Ҷĵ˼£һֱ, ûʲô¡ְķΪľȥ, Ϯˡ

ֱԪӡ
σˡ
ֲ£û˰ӡ±̫ӼǺޡ
σϧ, Լˣ, ơ

ű˺ӳϲǶӡ
̫ȴûϲɫֹֻ̾
σ̱ȥ˲, ҲʲôѪ֮֡

Ҷϸ꺢ӣƣ֪ǸкΪԼпˡǰĵ̫ˡ
ԺҪ˯ȥ, Ȼס򢣡ۣһͷ׵ָС࣬ס֣ס򢣬ǿſ͡
ҶϺȻҪʲôƴ
Ǳƻ㵹

һѪһ۵ڴϷʱһǰǸͿɫ֬ˡ
˵Ҫһ˸
˵ҪΪκ顣Ҳŵԡ
ֻû˵һǶôضݡ

ʮֻˣҹʱѾͷԹûˡ
ȻûˣԶͣʮꡣ

σȥʾ
һΣ̫ҲûˡŮ˶ֻģֻڰ֣Űɡ
͸ĺҲֻһۣȱȱӺܶ࣬ʼТ´꣬ʳ潭£Тˣ¸¼ˡ˵̫ӾҲҪ游治ȱһӡ

ߺ󣬻ʳﵹ˿ӡ
ӤҧЦҵĵܵܰ
Ƥ壬ٿţƤŹͷƵġ
û˸˵
պ⺢زˡ
û䡣

ⶼǺ󻰣Ȳ˵Ԫ˶̫ţǱӿԶڽݵޥ֪
һޥͦæ﷢ӣʮ﷢÷㡣Ȼһֱ׷ʣûп˭ɲ£ǰԺתȦ
ҧˣûУûУ˵ûУ
ޥ

֬ޥٷˣҪǸ߽ϲ˭ûͣ
ޥ±ߣ˸Ӹ˵˵
֬ӣϲ½ͨɿܵˣ֪˵ģ

ԭϲ½ֲͨҲ˵ޥеˡ
½ͨǴܼҵСӡܼ½վ֪ǴյˡҪ˼ϵ˵½ҵϵ½Ҳ½Ϸˣ½ˡ

½ͨҲǸü꣬ԺûѾߣöﶼ
ͱѾ߱òΡûһġԹô˵ǾԼûϣ

ޥǾΪһ
ȥ˵ˣһʡرʣҲǿ󡣡
ڶԼ½ٷ˵ݺԾˡǽ½ͨеǰʣ½ͨﲻԸⲻԸ⣬ʶסˡ
ֻãȻǸѾˣãҲĸԸ
ܲܽ

ޥû뵽ȥ˵֮󣬵ڶ½ͨΪ½ͨȢߡ
½ͨʯɫȼף纵ˮ͹⻬һһ͡棬½˼󷽵ľ裬һǼлˡ
Цأ֪Ǽû

ޥȻϲģ½ѵҲǴǰëˣܳסˡº͵½ͨո𸴡
½ͨЦŸȥˡ

Ѿߵö˺ַȥˣ˭ҲޥòԹȥסŲԸԸ⣬׼
ڴߣֻͷʹҧ촽ȴ첻˵
ޥðɣ֪ˣ㿴½ͨˣʹȥؾ½ͨ
˵žתҪߡ

֪װģǼˣһ޶ס
ޥʮֿˣĳһû֣
ҲĳһŲû֡
þû˵ݵˣէһ˵еС

߶ҧңԼ⡣
ޥף½ͨʵǸεСӡǴܼң½߳档һ½ҵĵλǳȹֱ̡˵½ͨǸֻöѾѡغܴ

ߵûһģ֪֮ġһǳġҶ֪Ǹһ𳤴ģֲһ㡣ֻԼ⣬ﰴͷӦ
ޥȥ£ô죿ϲˣܾܾܲ˰ɣԺ²㣡

ҧõĴޥһ档
ޥһڴӦˣ๫š
ϱ½˵£½Ѿͷ塣
ޥˣ̭ˡһ¡
½Ӧˡ

ڶƽߡޥ󵨵㣡ɽŮӣˣ
ߵҲŲˣ
ޥ֪ί

ޥܶġ
½Ȣʵ͵ġȻ½Լ˵һ۵ʱϲˣɱ෽棬ڱ͵ġ
ʲô飬ѧʲôŬȥѧҲϲŨɫֻϲĴ硣
ίһЩ
ޥʵڰ½ԡ

ϲһˣԷõġԼã㲻֣̿Ӷӡ
ڱ㡣
ޥ־ãԵҲǺĶ
ƩڣŬѾ½Ծúϸˡ½ԼҲϣϲϸ񡱵ʱ򰡡
߼Ȼϲ½ͨʵȥһԵġ

ޥĹ£ȥˡ
½ͨƽ۽е˴ţڴŴһ档ƽʶȤߵԶЩ˵
£üͷ⣬ԶԶؿߺͦŵģһֱȰȰȲͣ˵ʲô
߽࣬ɤŴҲֱʵͦϲġ

½ͨЦˡȻҲ˵ЩʲôɤŴ߽Ȼˣֻͷ
½ͨʲôƬ̣߽źʹ˵ͷ
ˣ
ƽ³ĲҶ
ٷȥ~

ߺ½ͨ¾ôˡ
ѾѰ˼ҵŮһͨʮ߰˶ףʮ˾ųޣȡΪЧһꡣ
߽ʮˡȼ޵Ӻ÷㣬һ߸£һʮ¡ߵ¶š

ĸޥ˵䡣Լٷ˵ѾͷѹȢҡ˵ǿŤĹϲҪǲԸ˵
˵ȷҪ䡣ٷ⽫޵ĴѾͷܸˡֻܸɣڻ´ҲرɫԼ㷵䲻ҡ

ޥƣ˵ˣȥôС
ҧ䣺½ͨö࿡ѽҸ˵㲻ã๫ÿ
ˣ
Ҫһ๫Ƕô֣






121.   121    

121 

Ԫ˶졣
÷, źµСѾͷٷ˵Ժӡ
ʮһ, [[ˡ

[[죬ƤͰ͵, ½˾˶ۣһǸˡ
½˹Ȼû˵[[յʱ򱧳, Ѿ֬, ʤѩѷǶϡòС
½鲻һ

Ϊŭ[[, ½˰μ齶ˣһر, ½ɽܷ¹ŷ齶
ÿޥŭ[[һȥϷ[[ڴ
Ҽ, ﻹҧŵġ
½˿ֻСļˡ

ҲϱҲ, СµĴ˶˿žͿġ
, ȫ˵ľ½ˡ
½ޥ˲ֹһˣֲȥʶϱȻȥ½ˡ½˿ɷˡ

˵Ҳ, ½˴ǰ½ġ
½ÿ̬Ʒֻʫ, ½˹ͬ⻹ܶ࣬;ƽ˳ҲЩСֶΡֻ֮Ҫ½˲˿ͻ̹ͦġ
ֻ˭[[֮½˾û˼Ӧˣֻ
½˭[[ˡ 

ۿҪˣ½ʣϱж𣿡
½ؾˡ
ЦŵүҲʢأҲָϱٸүøͨүҲŬŬ̫̫ٱӡ
⻰Ķζ˵Ĵ½е㲻þֻܵ㿴Űɡ
½˱ЦЦá

½оԴȢϱ֮ϳ˵ı仯ԭ[[󣬱仯øԡðЦˡ
ǰ½˴ĸߣȻ޿ָժҲʶؾԶ
Цöˣ·˺üꡣ

ǹЦȻЦЦЦ㳰Ƶģȴʮ鶯˼ֵģ
ȻʹˣȻǸˡЩѾͷȻۣݼҴСķ绪顣
½ȡ һЪ˰ɡ
۴ڴ顣

½ˣ
ϻ֪ˣ
ֻ½ͣˣҲͦõġ

Ԫ꣬½һӴŭ[[ຼ
[[˺ü˿Сݣϵű˽ߵĺȻ껭ޡ
½Ϸԭͷ̥ǸŮôˣ˭[[Ҳ᲻÷֡ʹ͵ĶҪǮƵģޥ½ᡣ
ֻޥǰȰޱȣȥɩӡȥɡ
ޥֵɡ

в½羯͵͵׼ѣˣ
ޥ
½ЦôϲҴɫ𣿡
ޥ㴩ɫÿˣžĶ
½룬ҧ˵Ǹһɫ£һ˿Ѹһ˿
Ķ
ޥԳԵЦ½ʮ˼ĺ¡
Ũҵɫģƫ

һຼ꣬Ҷ½³𣿡
½϶¡
ǵһ죬һȥָÿˡ
ұ˭ҵ˭˭˭˭ҲҪ³ʲôˮƽ˭϶ܹ˭󻹵ȵȡ

½ϷӣѾͷ½˽ѵ⣺ٶҲû˷̣㵱Ҳ̫ˡ
½һվżƯ۵Ѿͷˣרıء߷ˣ˼ȥǣϱͳ½ҵˡ

½Ϸһҭ
ѾͷǲŲүǿԲأֳֻ衣ĸ㣬ȷױ÷ġ
½ϷҲ½ˣѾͷǣԥˡ

½˵⼸濡үֻˣģҸ̫̫棬ǣðҷǣú÷ү
ѾǶŹȥģԶĿ¶̣ͷ

½Ϸ˴ǰʮְ½ˣҲֵÿ½˲ĵģõŸ½ʮֲԸ
ֻ½˶ˣһʱ벻ʲôܾɣ׻ָһ
֪ˣ䣺ϱôͻݴȰ

½½ͨˮһ㣬ʲôĵģ
ͻݵĺ
ֵ½Ϸ˲ġ޴˵ܲ˵ϱͻݴǲԵġ
Ķþ

꣬[[ļʮָػ˽ݡ
½˰µõѾͷҲȥ½鷿ຼѾͷຼѾͷȥ
½鷿ʵǸ磬Ѿͷǲ˽ô½Ǹᣬ㡣

½ڽϵĵˣݹٳһƬϹٵĹϵ׿Ū׵ȿ϶ûġ
ֻҲŲŲλˡ

½ڽݵ￼һֱֲ޵̰ӣһ
ͿʼıˣԤ㣬ҪɵĻȥ㣬׼һ껻õĵطһ
ÿϵܵλʹˣӦⲻ

ͻݣùѾͷǽģ;Ҳƽ˳
½С
ûʲô⣬Ͳһˡ
ֻϣϱҪ

Ԫ½ҵĻź͹±ȥΪ½ĵܶˡ
ʱһ׮¡
ԪԪ꣬ǻ˺رԪ˶ϱ꣬¾Ҫײ

ܱܵɽŵǸµöˣڰ˴ıڸ˳˶աԪ˵ۿȽ˳ۣµǻҪһģ׳¾ɣҲȷûˡź²ɲڵֻʵԤ㣬ˡ
ǡ˴Ԫ˵ĥҲø̫ӵɼƶƽ𣬺ÿЩ½ˡ

漰ͱԟRͻ־һͬûʹ
ˡ
£ǳ֡

̫ӵһΰô£ԭҲƯЩɼѹһѹܵǡֻôʵǮ֣ôܲġ̫ҲҪԺ㳵ſĻţĸǳǮġ
οУоͨ˵ߡְֽ̫ôˣôԻؿۣôԴγá
̫Ӵ۽磬֪ԭٳǮķӡ

ֻ̫ӾԼǮõжȣӰ¡׹ȥںɢӹöˣԹٳ֪
˶ˣĿأһһˮ
Ԫ꣬õ׺ϵĲлֱѾ˸Ѫͷ

Ԫ˵۽ܴսĵܵûͷоĭӶĳֽ棬Լˡ
Ǹ̫¶£һ£Ԫ˵ջˡ̫ӽеǰһͨ
̫Ҳϴˣȴرһģ򵽾ǿô졣Ӫ侫񣬿ɱԼҲˡҪ𣿡

׷ɽ£ǰɽƳЩӣЩˡԪ˵ۻ̡
Բԥˡ
ԟR֪Ԫ˵۵ɹǣȴרȥԪ˵˵ҪǸģͲᱱ顣ôŴֱ£ȶȡǣ˴λ±ʧЩأ˴λٱ߾ǡԱ£ȫõ

游̲ɣɹ춨Ľǡ
ʲǵǣǵǣԭýӳԣʷһѻġ
嵱ߵʱöתʵĻʿɻǵã
˵λߣһ㡣ԸڴҲ𹼸һƬġ
ʣ

Ԫ˵۸ķã̾˵öԣλϣӬӪ
һ̾̾ǳΪһȴûλߵ۽硣
±һڸҲʮջ򱱽ʵǹţʧأ²ֱӴ򵽾ǽǰǾΪǨ
ֻ£ø˭죿

ھ˳նİӣʾͶţˡ
Ԫ˵ȴԥˡ
ǼϲţģҲʼմһֶţη塣ţһֻ˸׵ĳɾ͸УͬʱҲ֪̫ˣüԦ
ţܰһӰɶ󰸣Ҷ֪ġֻ½ţ죬޷ճ˼̫ӡ

Ԫ˵ԥãոԟRһ͡
ӣ£ǵҪƯЩһ׻׻ģ°ˣԻм㡣ԺˣӺù

ԟRǳӡ
˳۱Ԫ˵ǸõˡϣǶܺͺյġ
ֻҶߵһˣǰ˭ܷأ

Ÿӵص͸˻ǰƯЩһ
ɫ籽¸ּ⣬õᡣÿһµϸڣȨ
;У̧ۡ
ǡ






122.   122    참

122 

Ԫ, ǵʶһµ֡ƽ
ƽŻʵ۵ּּ참
ֶοңڼԺ濪ʼ, һ·ƣհѱɡɶ̲ĴۿŲ, ԼϱˡԪ˵۸һ棬ˡ
ڸһλӡ

ھȷѪľ˵, εʵʲôһС籩򲨼ȥĶص, һ֪жȣûǣ޹
, ̲Ĵ϶ˣŪԟRе㲻, ˵ҪȻʿɶֹ
֪ʲô֤޹, ȫʵ֤
ԟR˿Żġ

ֻĥһ£ԡܻ𣿡
ǰں㣬Ҳǲ֪ΰܻ, ֻǸʲô¡۽类ֻŸֵ档
, ۽Ѿ߹ˡнɽȻ۾ıǴ֣뵽ı𢡣
ֻҪ⽭ɽ𢵱Լ, ٿЩӬӪ޷ˡ

ʵб¡
ѼݹʸԟRԟR, ɫ΢䡣
ҧģҲǲһˣİûйϵҪǣ漰̫ˣô˵£ڲʺ졣
ԟRŭʣô죿Ͳ𣿡
ôɡǳǻţ𣿡

İӻ϶ˣ̫ӵ˸鲻˳˰ٺڶ˼¡»Ǵģʳ飬̫ӱų档
ʳȢĵճŮΪޡҲǿ˹֮һƵѫˡ

˵һֵĻƫ塣
û취ǻ鰸ݱ̲͵Ľ׶Ρ
̫Ȼ˳Щ˿ûĺõţϵ֦֦辣лؿȥ̫ӳ˹Ĺӡ

˻飬Ǵˡ
ʳûסڶ򶫹ʵͦСģûƳɼ˺ס
£ʵ˶ӣܶڶʮһʱ̫ˡ̫ӱסڶһ鸸ĸһ߽ܻ̫ӦܵĽ
ʹЩڶӭȢ̫ɣӣһסȵĳһ죬ʵʮͻȻƨˣ̫Ӿԭˡ

Ӿ˳ʼͲ̫ˡ˳ʵڻ̫ˡ
˳۳ǻһǻ˵ճ̫ӡʱ˳ܸɣһ֮ģ̫ϻۣδڡ
˭뵽̫ڶ󣬶飬ѧϰףӣ檣ӣӣӡһֱ̫ӵĶӶҪȢˡģҼס
ʵۻñ˭أ

̫ʵҲܲˣʵۣȥס
˳ˣ̫̫ӴһӸ߸˰˿¼ң˰뱲ˣ˼죬ްˡ
˵˵̫λ©ްġ̫ӾӦúúôڶǡ

Ԫ˵۵̫ȻʮˣԪ˶װɵĶ
ʵ۲ûջȥҲǿǵ˳̫ӵͱ̫ӵϴ̫ӣһˣ¡
Ҷ˺ӣσ̹һҪҲ˶

ʳס˶ףԪ˵סڹľ̫ĶףʱҲһס̫ʼڶȻϴˣҲöѧϰ
ˣʹ̫Ӳλֽʵʵľס⡣

ֻ񣬻ʳҪ׵͵빬
˵Ķƣʳ˱ʡ
̫ӷƣҾͺȵƶѡ
ʳǬ幬ŶԶҶ֪Ϊ游᲻֪

̫ӰѾƱˤϣ˭ǵ
ʳסǼ֮ʱֻϣ
ôҲûˣǮҲûˣ̫ӵҲû˸Ͷ
Щ˶ûʲôáʳȴ״һʼҴˡ

̧̫
ʳţǸˡ
̫ӵ㵱Ҳ֪٣˶ص࿴һۣ
ʳţںĸǽ鱦ţҪǵĳġţ治ں֮ǰ

̫ӵŵ۾ʳ̾˿ڶףûΪ̫ӣȻð︸
̫ӳڡա̫ˣܾʲôȻȻǾǣǽСȫȴΪĵط

̫ӵţǸˣһģֻЧһʵ̫ۡӣҲЧҡ
ʳһס
ڹ¶в㣬ţҰɡ
̫ӶԽύţѾֻӻ֣㡣

İӶ˰ƯԪ˵ǷִúáȰӸߣ˶ߣˣû󻯣޹
ԟRԪ˵۵Ǽ˼֡
˭֪ԟR˼ûر˵ģȴֵһӣѶУ⶯̣һ̣ҧҧЩƽзִ磬ҳֻ֣һ֪ʿɣô죬ʶᡣ

Ԫ˵߶һ䣺Ǹƽܸͦɡ
˵ţӹӴ򿪿˿ɫ΢䡣Ƭ̣ˤϣЦǹҵĶ֮ţʲôˣһαӣ
̧ۿ˿ԟR

Ԫ˵۶ԟRǳ⣬ܸɣ£Ҳȥɡ
ԟRؾܾԼ׵Ųɡһɢүô£ţȥ
Ԫ˵ۣðɡ

Ԫ£䶨Ʒ永߶ʮˣ°ˡԪ˵۵ǻһζԳһðٹټշЦµĺ
̫Ȼ˳ȥǮ˳Ͼľ׻Ҫ´죬ûǮС
һΣԪ˵۰ѶĲ½ԟR

Ԫ˵۽ţȥԟRݽĶ㿴ɣҪˡ֮Źǰ
ţչ˿ϡ棬ǰӶˣģֻ̇ʣô죿
Ԫ˵۵㿴Ű졣
ţ˵ͷ

û뿪УȥσסСԺ
Ҹֱȡ
σ˲衣ţһڣ޵գܱȡ
σ̵ˣͷˣûǰˡ

ţ˲裬ӻͳӵݹȥҰ
σչ˿̾Ҫˡ
ţûҰ죬һΪԼҪˡְҡ

ţ;˳ʱ򻰶˵һ˼ɵԪ˵·ޣ˶໥̽ĥϡ
Ԫ˵۵ķţ֪ԭֱҿ϶֪ԭˡ

σ̵ûôӣ㡣
ţ󣺡
σ̵ںˣҲû˲µġ
ţ֣ðɡ

ں㣬һģһۣôȥˡσ̵ԭţ϶粻ǵˡһϳҡ
ţҼԺܺá

ͬһ빬ţǸСӣσǸ꣬߸һء
ǶǴײۿʼġӰĳܸӸߵչˡ
һ죬ʵ뿴ϵмǸѴ˺ϸϣһ޷ܳ˵أˤ
֫ݵİСȥժ
ʵϲɣȥѧ䡣
ϸ»չˣ͵ź
ӾͷⳤɳԴ˷ֱټ棬һӹȥ˴룬ͷѾˡ

ֱʱ˵δ˵ɻڴţ˵ա
ڣţҲաĽσ̣Ǳյģһһ

σĦŲյ㲻Ҫöȵ۵̬ȶȵ۲һģ
σһ£ҲûáˡԪ˵ۣǵʲôʲô¿Լ򵥵úû߻ģ
ֻܵߵĿݣһʱ˴ҲԭµġԼĺӣʵǸܺõĸףֻ̫ˣԲĺӣˣֻоЩʹһȵۡ

ûв㣬ʵϲġσ̵ѾһˣЧҡ
ֻһ漰̫ӣ̫أû㡣ֻΪ˱ԼĶӡߣͿˡ

ţõҪĴ𰸣վ񣺡лϸ硣
ǰσ̺סд˵һ䣬٣Ҳա
ţƬ̣˵ͷ

Ԫ£еˣɱɱˡҶΪѾ䶨ˣһ
ϣԺ·㳲ֱ׸¸ϸۡ
Ժ£!!!
Ժ£!!!
Ժ£!!!

ţΪڴӵţȴŻ
ֻҧҧóĴͨʲô˿ʲôֶΣ˴š
Сƽµʱķɡ

׸ĴŴ򿪣¸߳ɫЩף򾲵صţ󣬺±Χٸۡ
ţ̧֣չּԺּ⣬龰˳ʮռĴִ֮¡

¸ŭ⣺޻̸֮޻̸ֻ֮еĿ־й¶˳ɫ
ӿȥ¸ϻӶ˫ſң֪˭

ţ̧ͷ׸ҵĴţɫĵ»Ȼ
Ȼ֪˭ǶǾ˳ľˡ
ѾԪ꣬µ۵ǻѾˡЩջȨԼȥ
ûһһʱ򣬸øµ۵ڵطˡ

СƽЩûԼ֣ȴʸ˻ʵۡ
ǻʵҪġ
Ҫġ
Ҳƽ㣬Ҫİɣ






123.   123    

123 

＾, ݵ˱ϣдٶû졣½ȥΪԼĻź͹µִﾩǵʱ˾ǵһȷѪꡣ

˳ʮ, ʵۼݱաȺսܰձս֮, ʧձ򾩳ӻС, ǼӰ
ϱ޷ϡ˶ڻ, һ۱Ǻʳȱ

Ϊʳ۸, ƽֿľ£ڸĴ֡
Ĵֲڳƽ, ǴܳȾ²±ΧǵĲҺõս֡
ΪĴֵĴڣ˳ʮȻ۰, ҲûйȥȻҲжҲûҾ徵ĵز

ֻԪ˵۵ǻʱ, Ĵִľ
Ԫ˵ռ˺㣬ְѳֽ, Ǹڸ׷ծԪ˵֪űĴֵĿ, òˡ

˭ƽ˴μ鱱̰۰ȴĳ˿еõһ˿ҿ֮, 
׸¸һ˵ȣھ˳ʮ겻ռĴִ̹⣬α֤ݣ˦ҵˡ

˳ʮ꣬δһֻǸɳǸɵ£ǲͲȥʮְȫ
Ԫ˵۸ྰ˳ɳܾˣôһ͵ţ㿴Ű족ţʵںġ
ţ֪Ԫ˵۵ĵߣҲҪģȻذ졣

½ҵ˵˾ǣⳡȷѪꡣ½ָҪ㡢ļԱֻû£Ķ˴
ĻҲЩɵָۣʾҲֻ˵ȿ
ھŹ

ΪľͽͨٶȣϢĴǳ͡
ǵȷѪ꽭ϻ֪飬׼ʱǡ½ຼûԭμԡݺຼýʮַ㡣
Ϊ·⣬ǰ˰±ȥຼֻɽϵ鷿飬ԼСˡ棬ຼѾͷɽ
ǸǵĹؼʱ̣ݼҵĺҲͷ׶̹ɡ½ϷҲ˭½顣ѾͷǱʲô˼ʱҲأˡ

ʵ½ֻǵ½Ϸ˵˶ѡ
ɽʮңڣֵ˵ֻɴ£ڰ볨ţλƵضຼ³ʫ
üۣ̬ޥˣҪĶˡ
Ǽ޸๫ĺôôᡣ

һԸޥ޵½ңƼȮ졣
ҵޥԺﵱѾǶܸɣʵûʲôòĵģԼ˵ֱһǮ
ӣ½ϳ½˳ʽ½ǣ
󹦷򶼺ܿޥ½֤ģ˶½ߣҲá
һĿڴССǮãʱʱʹ͡ӹãȵ¼ұ֪ǿ˶ٱƵġ

СϢˣʶ֣ܶؿˣȫʶˡһʶֵıʹʶܵѧÿ죬ڻͷѧϰĽ׶Ρճ֣½Ҹ֮µҲ

µ£ƽء
ƽ۽Ҳʮˣӱ֬ˣ˺ͯģ
ȥ׾ͿʼٽԺˣɽͯ˸µС
½յģеûףƽҧ䣺ءҲأ
ƽ۲ʱû𣿡
½ÿй̶Ϣʱ䰲ţ͸ޥһҲ״򲻶ģɵˡ

ǣ˵ͷСĳϹӡͷ׶̹ɣҹϰ֡
ƽһ֡
ǹӲáСȴ½ߵˣǹӿԺԵʱǰס

ԭԤž˳ʮ³ģ˭֪ƫȡˡƽֶʱ䣬Ҫ³Ҫͷ׶̹ɵذҹ飬궼ϹȥˣҲǹеġ

ԭ
ͷٿȥ½ڵϣѾֱС¡
ຼʢ߲Ĺϡ촽ÿ

ӴǰǸꡣȥ׵ʱűĺһΧ۹ֻǸƵˣһȺСӿɵˡ
ȥ깫ӱѼڣãӼ֮һһرȴǰÿˡ
֪Ϊ˵Ҳ仯û̫仯½һ곤˸ףζȣѾʱɱȡ
꣬

ܿ쵽Եӣ½һҪ³ʮˡһЩѾʮüμӹֹһԵˡ
ҿõɣʵֻˡ
½Щֵܡֵ岮һˡ

꣬ĸɫһ
оɥģģŵġֵ͵ǹϿȥ½ֻ棬˸Ƿˣȥ
ҲʣҲᡣ
½ϷȻĽҲһ˵½˯ֻۡ˵˭ʣķʱҰȻ֪ˡ

պҰ½һи˼ص½岮ˣõһ˵õ˾˵Ĺ
УԪȻдڰס
㽭Ԫຼ½½ԡ

Ϣؽݣ½½ֻͷ΢Цˡ
ôƽޥǻĻϲҲ˼ֳˡʹǿѹţֻѹס
½ΪԪȻຼһӦꡣŵ˻˼ղŻ
Ȱݼĸ˿Եͺ泡ϵӦꡣֻصԺﱧ˱Ů͸׼ϴˮڴǰ·˵ȵҡ

ʲôȻСʤ»顣
ȴȣסĽڣűȥ
½Ƶ˰βĘϡ
飬ɷء½һӣӡ

Сһ̡
½ʲô׵ġ
ҵСѧʵӡ
ƫѧʡ






124.   124    

124 

ޥԼΡ
һƯ, ɼ
̲ס߽

ǰɢȥȴ½ͷЦģ
ҡôˣãȻʡ
ɵӡ½Ħ, Ц̾Ȼǡˡ
ޥãȻò׹̾, ǡˡ

½ЦȥϸϸʹΡˡô, ˵ˣٳЩ, Ȼ֪ˡҲ᲻ˡ

ġа˼ҡ½Щ˽, ᵽˡֻޥһֱ᲻, ׷½ʣ½ҲֻЦ
򡶷а˼ҡҲ˵, Ůܿ궼Ƕζ
ЩŮ֮, 峹׳ˣʶζŮ, ûм嶥ľɫ

ޥһֱûеǹ½һֱֻ֪ɬ½Ҳû취
Ͻһء½ڽ˵οС
², ɫһأ

ֻζޥ졣
ƽ
һֱС
ҲŸС

ס

Сʤ»ķݹ˿˶ǺЦֻһһȥ½밲, Ҳ벻½˵ۣ½ֻЭ[[ˣźţĸα
½˰ѭ[[ŵϣ[[ſ˫ۻλƹС·Žż⣬Ҫˤĸо½æȥ
[[ˮػһεĹ켣ƹֱޥ~˽ޥĻ
½
ֻЦòС

һ˵
½δຼ˽ġ
Ը̨ıֶ
ޥѾ°ɣһϵ֪Ȫּҵģ
Ը̨ĸȪŮޥǣ½ߵĽ

׼ȥǲμӴǵģǰͳˣһ·Ʊ߱߿ຼǣ뿴ߡຼ̨д¾ǣҲȥˣʶˡ̸Ǹֵһˡ½
ޥʶ˵λֹӣѧһҲܺðɡ

ޥȻȻؾãѧʺܺõˣȻҲѧʺܺõ˻ͣ˴ˮƽ࣬浽һȥ
½㽭ԪֵһˣȻҲѧʺܺõˡ
½ȴӣֵѧʡȣаɡ

ޥУǲǲ
½ֱӵ˵ɣںδϲ
صĸ˵ȻΪ½ʮͶ浱ɸѣŸ߼˵ġ
½ֵ־Ͳڿƾ٣ҲΪ

ֻҪо˵Ĺһұ㲻ý˰Ҳذݡ˴ʲͶ±˰ֻţûˡ
˽ʿǱ˼ˡ

½Ǹ߹ܶطˣ
˵⻰ʱй⡣
ޥˡϲǹ⣬ֺǹ⡣̫˾ץס

½ŤͷޥȪּң˵˵
ǿˡ
ޥ룬ּȪǰ壬״ԪϡдĴ룬캣ֺ̡Ϸ˵ֵܺˣֶˡ
½ˡ
ޥϷ˿ɺرϲۼҵĭ[[ء

½ڣޥʮ⡣
Ȼȥ̸ܿޥѧϿ϶ǲеģ˵ѧǶŮõĶˡ

ּҺ˺óɣ
ǡ½ʱų
ޥݳ󣬶Ժİȣ˾𣿡նô󰡣Ĵҹӣ
½Ȼ͵ܵİɣ
½Ц
͵͵ϴġ

͵ϴȴϵ˷ʱѾˡųȥ꣬۽硣ֻЩ
½˵Ǳġ½¼Ҹȥԣء

ޥҲҪңߣ
ŮʱҲ̽ģʧȥˣ֪֮ࡣ뵽Ӻͯһ꣬εľġûġ

Ůǡ
½˺ޥ˵⻰ʱ򻹶ֱֱض½Σ֤ҿ϶µġ
ֵֻּʶ볣˲̸ͬĿܡ
ˣ֪ϲ½˵Ǽ
½Ц˵ãվ

ڶչȻλˡ
֡½߰꣬ʮˣüۼ仹һ˵Ĳ֮ĸоȷǽһϲˡ

½Ϊ֮ͨãݼ½ˣŮ
ֻޥڳƵã໥񡣴[[ѽѽϲòУס½ҼңҼңֻŮ꣡

ޥһ
½ҵӳ˴ҿ˵óˣС
ֻǿңҲ֪Ҷӳˡ
½ǡ
ޥһЦ

½ޥǵķ鷿Ǳߡ
ޥá
½ֻ԰ӣƲɽԺа齣˱¶Ժ˷Ƴ̸
ֻ׼ʱұܻһȥǰɡ
½ߣʮ±붯ˡֻҶ߰·ѵñϣһҪɽȥһˡ

ֻ۾һȥҼǵ˵ǶˣҪȥ
½ǡ
ֻȥȥһֱʶʶֻʶʲôˡ

˱˵𵱽½̸˽⵽̾һףƫ˾У֪òԣҲԶԿ
Կ£γ°۶סֻǱԽЩˡ

ݵʱȥ˸ұޥɩϵҡǲȲ֪¼ұ˿ֻƶѣұ˿ֱؤ
֪ϸٻѳķﶼҵġǱܵ࣬һľǱˡػôôүȰ

˵˳ʮ߽һ⣬·˵¼
ֻ˵·˾սȻ𾴡ֵðһ䣬ʲŶ࿴˵һۣЩýζѰŮӲһĪǡ

ޥȻ̸¾ֹѾǰܲһϰ䣬ǸĲ˵ġ۾һɨֻܿǸ֮ˡ
½ЦҴĹ򣬼Ҳ¡ÿճҪȴȭɵúܡ
ֻһģȻ

ĽʱϣȢģʱȥˣһ𡣷һģô
վȢŵԵĴҹ㣬鼫ࡣ㳣һܣܾòؼҡ
ؼˣһһŵģƳʫ
ǹԹ

½ʧЦİɡ˵СʱҼ˵Ҹ䵽Ҹ˵Ů˼ңָˡ
ö𣿡ֻʧҡͷ̾Ϣˣ˵Ůˡ

˵ߣ⼸겻ô¶ˣĸɶһϵĺɽ
˴ĵóֻѧʲɫʶȴ½ͬġѾݵ·һ·ˣڻĲĻ⡣
ֻɴͲˣɽ˵ͬߡ
ͬʳͬ˯˺üա

ֱԼҵĹҲԭݣֻڱĸϷʹȥޥ½е㲻ԡ
½
½ֱʲô񣬴ʣʲôأ
ޥµʣ꣬ȣǲϲ㣿

Ȼûʲô£øЩ˽صĶģѧˡ
½Цųϣǣϲҡ






125.   125    

125 

֮ʢ, Ϊ¡½ǰԺͬʾֻˡ
ޥһ, ƿ½ڵ۾Բɲؿ
½ҪЦ, ֺ˼ǰɡԺЩ˽ء
ޥƾʲôܿҾͲܿˡ
½£Բ۾

½ȴҺ, öҡ
ޥף
ȷϲò½Ц, ˵Ů˾ͺ, ҪȢҡѭ[[յȥϱɵðѭ[[ˣԺ󲻹˭ҵС, ıҳ󣬶Ů

ޥ[[һڼ𣿡
½ֻЦõ, ˡ
ޥ¡½ͷɹˣ
˵ͺˡޥϲÿҶ

½ľ죺涮
ޥ
ϲֺܶ, Щ۾Ʋ߲, һ˼
Ϳˣ̲ס롮ޥ, ҲָоҲǸɶ

½죺˭
ޥţ
½ʮ֮棺á˭
ޥȻص˭ĸװ

ʱһ̧ͷ½, ִӡչббشļͷϣг
ôһ˲ޥ񿴵һ

裬ʮְȰˮ飬жŰꡣ
Ҳ
ߵĴֺ֬Ƥҵ¶ǰ㡣


½ã̾ʵúúѧѧġ
ޥյѧˣѧˣû츳
һ˫ߵ۾ܿͺһ
½ૣ̲ס۾

ޥҸرۣɷüۣʣ½ԣǲǺöϲ㣿
½ϣǡŮ
⸱ģ绪ʢܽŮ˶Ϊ̲ͣסĿϡ

ޥ̾ʱ뵽öϲ㣬ͺܻϲʱ뵽ϲ㣬ֺܲġ
⡰ܶˡ͡ˡ֮䵽ʲôޥûס
ֻղ½ϲޥʲôʱȻʱô̶Ƭ̣Ƕ̶̵Ƭޥĸܵܡ

ޥû˷½
Ȼɩɩѹ¡ݻ½ҪһТȳТӶˣͣҲûʲô
½Ϸ˰Ͱ͵شຼѾͷ½ǧػˡֻµЦһأҲûᡣ

ڽݣ½˵ңС޸ҲáѾͷϲ½ǿ϶ϲİ˭᲻ϲ½
ȥ÷㣬Ҳóϲ½ͲѾͷϲġ
ֻϵϲŻ˵ϲ
ϲҲ
ͻȻһ꣬ޥأɩ˵Ķˡ

ޥĿʱ峺򵥣˿ϣ½˵һġ
ŮǳŮˡ

롣½ͷøʸ
ȴЦͷȥס
ޥۣʮָۣһƮƼ䣬»/衣

ıܣԸ̨ҵĹҲԺ飬½ͬ
Ҳȡ˾˵Ĺصݵĵգͬѡ
ޥ½˵ʵôѣѹȺ
ѹʲôʲô֮ʣ½ֱš

ޥЦǽԪ
ǵСȽھ֪ôء
½ܺõȥˡ
ֻײϴɫ´ƮƮԴ

ޥƽʱѧʵ˸ѧʵһǡ½ԺйϵˣѧҲһظˣȡ˹ġ
ȡþ˹ǶԣҲǰһ̨ף̬ǰ̫һˡ

˵칦ʱ̣ȻǷɶõġ
ϯ԰һȦ齣йŷ硣½һ齣Լϲ½ԪֻŮҷ׷ǴȤҲա
ˣء

ԹЦˣ˵ˣ˻ȥǣøһ񡣡
ҪˣԹӱ㽫˻˳
ӣÿһ֪Ǽӡұûй˼ɣƷͷ㡣
ֻ΢Ц߲գֻż̧ȻȻس½ƳȥĿоޡ

ԹӿдƷ˭Ĵ࣬˭Ļ֮
뼿ӳϷ±ӳ⡣
̧ͷ˿ҹգ¡

Ϊ⣬˴ʡһף˳
Թӵôʡ˭ģ
ӵĿͶȥ
½Щ⣬ϣһֻ֧齼ϣһֻֻžյԣյ˾١
Ѿ˻ֱߣʤһ֡

ڶ֣ӿɫˮ̡
ٳ½ԪĴʡ
Ѿ˻ֱߣʤ֡

Ƴģ½ѾѬȻֱ߷֦֦꣬ŵֱߡ
½ͷյ΢΢һЦ

ʣˣˣдˡģͷˡ
˴Цˣ㲻Թҡӣӵȥ
һЦýѾͷߵ½һ齱ߣ½¡
۲ʮ棺ӣūÿڿʣˮɴͷ񣿡
½λоյӽӹһоơ
յŵ齼ϣᳶǣӣҹˣ󣬿ϴͷ񣿡

½ڵƻпӡ
ұҵڸ֣֪ǵ񱡣òʵûжôȴŻġ񣬶񻭡
½ϲ˵۾

ҹɫƻпΪӣ۲ȴңƺ顣ʮϷǼƷֵһ
½°ͣ󣺡ãɡ

½Ը磬½ǡҲӦ꣬ޥŭ[[Ϸ½һ˷
䣬ʹȥ½ûŷֻүŸջˣӻûӰ
½ˣ½ûǰȻҲЩӦꡢżôġΪδҶոȡ˹رˣҪúףɡ
ޥϴˡ

ٵҪ˯ˣƽˣ˵ӽԸˡ
ݸͶĵطǺ˶̧ؼ½ǰӦ޹ǵһΡ
ޥ΢֪Ϊʲô΢΢ĲҲֻ֪ܵˡ
ֻһڴ˯š

ô˯ء
ôôء
β̫̫
ޥҲ˵ֻ߿տյģտյġĪܡ
ǿԼ۾˯˼롣
겻Ҳ½ס˺üգûʲô

½ҲˣȻ½
½˲Ųźֱӽ˼½ȥ˷չܵ½ˣ͡

½żңﵫʲôᱨ
ϴ꣬ѾӵȻˣû˵Լˣȥӡ
½ױ̨ǰѾ߰һͷüõںڳԣھ̧ۡ

ôһ죬ŮŮˣҲ᳤ˡ
ͺǧǧһ






126.   126    ʵ

126 

½ѹ, ͷЩʹͨġ
һֻ֣Ϊޥ, ʶظȥȴһӡŷӦ˹
, Ȼڱ˼ҡҹ֣Ҳ
ſ֡

, Ѿݹ½Ƴһۡ
ʲô֣, ʱŲױܺߴӡֻЩ, ֻҹɫ￴, ưˡ

½ûӣƽۡ
ƽ۹Ȼ, Ӧһ
½·û
ƽ۵ˡ
½ɡ

½˵ţҪվ
֣סµǣӡ
ᡢ, 

ֻڳУͳϷ
ʱ, ҹǸױóֳľµƷ
ʱԼ
ơЩ˼۾ʧȥʵɴ˳
һҹ¶ˮĹ, ָᳶԼ䡣

ݣ̨ʱſɿڡ
ʱ˳
ûԼ·ߡ

˼磬Ů, ź׼һõԷһ
ƽ۵ָʾŰŶ롣
ԼҵĹÿӳƽź˸ɾѡڸղһ֮й޺͸ԼֳΣֻͷҿ

ͷѾϸˣԹҲǸ𣬸պ˹½û
½ϴȥһ緹
Թӵ⣺Σɣ
ԭӡ½Щζ
ԹҲϲ½ϲˡ

½ֻЦЦˡ
ԹʣĪźòģ
½¿Ϊˣ𿴣ˡ
Թӡ

½żˣαشؼȥ
סԹӵĸ޵ãǸͻ˳ŮӡؾǸĸϻ𣿡
½ӣݵú˵
Թæ

ˣһˡ½ǺʱѾ˵һߣҪȥǱ߿
ԹӵҲã߯ܣΨҡֻˡ
½ߣмʶҸʶ֮УǶ黹ǹڱ쳵
ԹӵƣѾˡɲҵ£ֲҽʶġ
½ùԹӣؼȥˡ

½һޥ֪ޥ˯òá
۾һ¡
ѾͷȥҪ󼦵
ޥЩȻ

½˸½ֻޥ˵Щģһ𶺭[[
ޥĲɡ
½ֻ̾ܵȥɣҲûˡ[[档
ޥȥˡ

ͷʱ½ˡ
ɫӣرɾǳŵǱŵޥʰġ
ֻĿͶȥܾ½ʲôطһˡ˵һûɵĸо

ޥ쾹û
½ֻȶˡʣ׼ˮ𣿡
ʪȣݶˣһ½ÿﶼҪϴġ
½ûҪϴģѾͷѾˮ׼ˡ
½ȥϴϴ

ޥȥѡ½˶٣ûжֱ̧ۡ
ޥ߶ȶൽزͷʹʹϱѾƵһ롣
߶߶ּҳܰ
һۣԲҲѾˡʱĽŲ˭Ҳ費ס

ֻĻࣿ
½ţޥ߶ȴȻֹ
ָ½ڣ
½ͷȥ
ޥĿأľϡ

½µضЩʲôҹˣЩˣºۼ
ޥ̧ۣĿӡ
磬ƺϿЩʲô촽˶лҪʡ

½ȻЩޥġ
̧֣ЦЦ
½ԵһЦ֥סޥʵĻȥȥ˾
ޥվ߬ǼӣĻң޴롣

½ϴ˳Ƹ׼˸ɾļҾӣ¶˵ˮ
½ӣһڣʣٷأ
ȥϷˡ[[Ϸء
½Ŷһ

ϵ´ӻ֣ƺ㶼ȥ
½±յߵױ̨ǰÿ쿴˿Ȼһ졣
ֵļԼڵĺۼ
½ϵ´Ժµſ飬Ѿֽظͷ

ֻ磬Ѿͷٷڷ緹
½֪ˡ
˷Ъ˸
½󳨿ͷϣشŵļϣ״á

ҲǴˣ㶼ҿطȥ
ֻƽ
ˣ
ԥһ¡

Ѿߣзʱǰ̧Ҳеġźˣ˼кܶ˽¸޷ǣҲǡ
ĸӾϵĺۼǰҰŸµģûСġ
½ҹˡ

ѽס˿ڣ۾Բˡ
ޥԺҲˣޥһѾϰԺƽͻȻ޴롣
ͻȻӦ
ӻٷ˷·̷ܵϷȥˡ
ԡ

ԺӣѵҪ𣿡ʡ
ûаɡƵҲûӴ˻
ޥǸºͿݵŮˣˬʡദ꣬Ѿ׳ˡ
˱һ̾˿
ٷˡϲӰ

֬ӺַԺӡ
ƿɴƣСѾͷԺ˯ŵ½æ˽Ųش齱ƹȥ֬ǣ֡
ֻȥʱ̲סתͷĿͶȥ
˯ָ߹־׵
Ȼס

½˯һԺܾ
˲ˮ½ʣٷأ
ƵϷء
½˿ͷ½󣬻طȥˡ

ͷбһЩ½⡣޶
ǴϷһ
½߳ӣ̨Ͽ˿ߵƣѾͷǵٷˣҪĶˣ춼˯鷿
ѾͷӦˡ

½°ڣߵǰ滽ꡣ
ɽͯž꣬ԺȴŵأŻæĨĨ½ˡ
Ժøޥ

˵鷿ʱ͹Գ˶֮һҪĹܡҪʱŮ˱иԶĿռ䡣

ޥϷ˷½ʲôҲû˵
ߣ½˵£֪˱ˡ
ޥֻͷ
ȻһΣڽ׵ֱϾӨһ

½ֻû
޼£˲岻֡
ޥΪϱΪ/ޣΪĸôʲô̬ȥԣֻԼѡ
ŵģ죬ṩһʱӱܵĵط

ֻ̲ס㱵룬ʱ̫ˣһ۶ѾԪꡣ
ޣ֪Ѿˡ
꣬ʵǺܶȥһ

磬Ѿͷ˵鷿顣
ޥŵϱȥˡ
½˵ˣ͡ϵõǼ
ޥ½ٷ꣬ڽҲԼ罻ҲԼѡ˵ģݡͶµ˵˵ҲŽŽ⡣

ޥʱûߵ˸ŭ[[ȥˡ
û½Ժӣر𰲾Ѿͷǲ֪ôأֱС
ŭ[[ȥ᷿ޥصԼķдá
ֱˡ

ϾҪˣ޵ѾͷӶˣֻڷߡҲһ
Ͳȥҧ˶䣬֪ǰ淢ʲôӺַˡ

ֻҲ֪ôοޥһ˵ûã
ޥ
߱˰죬̲綼˵𣿡

ǰΣΣݵʱϱޥ˵ˡ
Ҳֻϻôֱסޥ˵Щˡ·ѾûˣɩĸԶޥ˵ףʱ򷸾ɵ

ޥʵ粻Ǵǰ־ɵޥˡ
½ٷˡ˼룬ǰͬ
ֻۣ˵

˸ޥǰʹ𣿡
ޥûС
ߵ㵹ʰҲأ
ޥֻЦЦá

Īأ߾ޥһЦмֹүģ
׾˵壬ֻҲˣദþã½Ϥſó
ĪǱ˵ģ޾ˣˣ

ƽԺѧȭء
˺üˡһһʶ֣һȭš
ֻɼǿ⡣

Ѿͷƽ￩һ¡
ȥԸֻͣŷţȥźֻƽۡʲô֪ߺٷ˺أȥ

ƽӲͷƤѾͷȥˣ˴Ѿͷæȥ꺰вУҾȣȲȥ
ҲܸѾͷ˵ֻܺȸ˵ȥ˵
ڲԺˣǲˡ

ƽ½ˣСѾͷвæģȥɽ
Сȷɿžˡ
ƽۻû˵ʣٷǲ£
˵ˣ㾡ʵ˵Ϳԡ






127.   127    Ե

127 

½ޥ컺ʱ䡣ϾС, ĸ׺һֱЩ飬Ҫʱ䡣
վ½ҵŮ, ½ҵϱӡ
ΪӣҪġ
ޥ½ٷ, Ǹöġ
ˣȻ

ֻ鷿˯ĵڶ, вزס飬ֹ½еǰʣôˣ
˵, ٷǸˡ
½΢
˵ƽ۸类ȥʻ֮ٷر, ǸӾˣϵשһ顣

½ĬƬ, ȥ
Ժֱͨ԰ӵɽǵһ, ۾
½ޥǸˣȥѰһһġ
Ծˣô۵ģ
½Ūˡ

Ծǿǰӣ
½ͣ, ר˵ġѳ, ۡ
˫ֱȻţ½װӿ䵽ʲôĳ̶ȣ߶ôأ

˶ı, һ˲۶ˣ
ޥܴġݵģ֪ôֻС, ǺʱҲСһ㡣
һֱС

ˣ½鿴ȥҲ֪ԼЩʲô
ɫˣ극鷿뷭顣룬ԼЩռǡ
һûһʵģµʱġҲ˺üˡ

ַ
β뽫ײ룬ͬͬѨ
½ǷЦ⡣
ʱȤϿƽʵÿ춼ȵźԲޡ
żЩ绰Цֻ۾Բ

һ䡪
պ󣬴Щ̡߽
½̧ۣĻ
ãӺϷ˻ȥغó룬վ
˵ȥٷ

ޥѾ˷٣û뵽½ʱЩԾҪ𣿡
½Ҳһֱ
ޥŶ
ƺһжǰһ
½ѾǸұˮ

ֻϴֻͲƣޥ
½ʣٷأ
ƶۣٷ˽[[˯æȥˣҶ
½һڴ˰죬¡

ֻڰҲ˯š
ַȥ᷿
ͭ[[סڱ½ֱƿϷţһֱߵ齱ߡ
һţޥˡҲһ˯ŵġ

½ֱߵǰ΢ߣĿཻ
½ȥڰޥһ¡½볳ѭ[[
ѭ[[Σؼǻᳳﲻ½ҵˣƸģǩĶѾͷǲһˡ

ޥס½½
½䣬ᱧ
½ǶˣҲ޸֮ԺҲעǿ壬½ϰաһЩǳȭŹͷĽȻޥоǻȭȣҲʵˡ
΢ǹ⣬ҹɫｫޥֱӱ

ֵҹ˯ڴμϣ¶һ˫۾Źӳȥˣֱٷ˻˘ȵš
һûҿԣֻŵϽȥ

½һޥŵϣޥ͹ȥ
½Ҳȥˡ
ȥޥޥ֣Ͳغۡ
ޥ㽩סʹ

·˵Ҷ½һָͷ
·˲ˣ˵Ļޥ
ޥԼҲ᲻ŪŪ½
½㽫˻Уɵӣһӡ

ޥ۾˵
½ʮΡ
ӣͶʳû檣ûͨҪ˵ѾͷҶûԼǸ˵͸ңҲûҪǲ㷳ġҲǸӶѣӶģף˵ȥ˼֪ˣ½ٷ˳ԸӵĴףҪЦ˵ġ

ޥֻ۾½ȲҲ˵
ʵûл˵ġ
½˵ȫǶԵġ
ҷ˳ԳҵĴףҲˡԸӵĴףᱻЦ

ӵĵλʵڵͼ
ʹƽˣȷǸļӣʱóдˡ˼£½ĲɺãͷΪףֵ˽Ԫ˳ɼõġ
һж˳ˮһȻȻ

ҴļӣʱͻҩӶ
Լ棬ó͡
ŮǸ߹öࡣ
檵ģҲǼ檡檣檣檣ĩһȡ

ϸһ룬Ǿ˯Ů˶Ҫ˯ŵȡΪͬ
Ƹġ
ɡ
Ůա
˼һȣ˱ƮƮһ֡ʵһһƮƮ¡

ɲջɣЩŮ֮£еģһģһ
һ뵽½ҹһŮӲޥҧسס½½

໹
ǣѹû˵
߶˵ûؼ
ˣ½ûͨûҡ
Բ޹һء
ޥ֪Ҫôȥ˵

ؿƼˣһȥ۶ϡ
Ǹ˺ӧǹȥ½ܸ𣿡
۶ϵɲǣޥĸ׵Ļĸ˵ǶԵġǸ˺ӧǹô
һȫͬԶһԴ½ԡҲɩӺʹ糳һ½ԱɤŴ

ޥ̤Ͻݵؿʼһֱ½ƴ
š裬ƴһҡһżҡ
ڿջʱΪƴ㷲ֻƴ̫̫ãϰˡ
׹ÿһֶǵûرġ

½ͨ檣żһ˶С
ޥģ׵ġ
ҲԼġ
ֻǿڲԣؿڱϢ
½Ի߬½סޡ
ỹǴʪ½ϡ

½ڻ谵һֱޥ޵óҭʮΡ
û뵽ѹ
Ϊӣ治ֵ˵ġ
øЩ
˲٣ɱڻоǸС

ޥ޵󣬽ֹס߽һ㲻֪˵Щʲô
½ͷȥϸ
ޥૡ
½ԡ
ϲѽ
Һϲġ
½ס

ޥ޵Ҫ˯ȥˡ
Ժ룬½ԽҪʣϲһܲأ
Ϊʲô˾ǲΪʲôǾͲʣ
Ů˺Ů˹һ˴Ӻζʰ
ΨһУ½Դǰġ
ʲôܽ½ҲᡰʡأûС嵽궼½һˡ
ԣԶѹ

½ںڰбޥá
ůϤ壬ϢҲϤġ
ʵŮ˺Ů˶ࡣ
żͱŮӻãһʱʣȴҲͱȺһࡣ

ֻʵû뵽ѹ
Ϊϲ
Ϊϲ
¿ﻹм¶

ˣˣԺ󲻽ѹǣ롣
ֻģ˵ڣȴȫȻǲһġ
ξˣҲƽϡԺ󲻿

ڰУ½Լ˵ĻҲᡣ
֪ǶԵġ






128.   128    

128 

ޥõһµİӡ
ԺשҲˡͷɫԱߵĵשͬ, ˼֮ҲͲˡ
ޥߡ

ޥĴѾͷ½˺ܸ棬˶ʮ, ޥҲ˶ʮӣðһݼױ
ߵĻǰɶޥġ
½˴ġѹסúõظ߿ˣԼҲ̸ˡ
ޥź, ʵѾˣֻЩ, 졣

¡ޥָ޼º, ܿ֡
棬ǵЦ
ܸоﲻ̤ʵ, ˵ΪޣΪޥ
սޥ˵п˾㡣

ʵסһ
ֻµϱͨȲ¡ҪȽŸżӡ꺢̤ʵ, ٵ˸ǰı¡ıҲܽźˡ
ޥԹޥ밲μǿ϶ˡ
ǹء
ؾǴסһ, ȴ춼ܼˡ

ޥҲս֣˵Ȱӹˡʲôˣ͸Ͻҡһֱء
ߺȻˡ
ѹ
ޥı仯ֻ׽ĵ˲Ż
֮һ
ֻܲ, ˵׵һ

½Ȼޥܵˡܵ룬û˿Աޥˡ
½Ȼܹоޥı仯
Ǳ仯Ƿ·ʲôûб, ֪ˡ
½仯ӦǺõġޥǱøˡ
һ죬ĸһΪһҷˡ

ֻޥһзѡ½, ˺ܶʱ䣬˺ֶܶΣŽ
ޥվǰġ
ν, δδˣоһƳվδʶԽ֮ģ

½˴ӲǽϷֻڴ밲Щף̸֮ģ
ޥ½˵ϷŴɴʵԺӣȻŶˡ
ģһ̶֮󣬾Լڲڡ

ֻ½ޥϵı仯ô¡
֪Ů˶
ޥڻˣһ
½п˵һ˵ڳ˯лʱ˯ţֻԼƷˡ

ʮ½֮½˾ޥ
տʼǾСණҪѧûТٺ˭[[½һֱ½˵
½˾ãʱýޥˡ

һͦʱ¡һôæµ
ķ˴ģÿﴦĶ̫ӵˡ˺ѡ
ޥʽ
ǰջϷ£½˿վû⣬ȫƵޥԺӡǰԺĴʰá

ÿﳿŭ[[Ϸȥ
ޥȴ񣬴ˣȥϷӭ[[ͬʱ½밲
[[ϾҪˣ½˱Ŵ󻭰ǰí[[̣һʺϺõĻֽ˹һīţʢޣʷõãˣ
ޥֱ顣
ʱ䣬ǵõ˰ɣ

½ʮ³ȥ
ݣܵ¼д½нԪޥдŸݱϲ½¼е󣬸ǽˡ
ȫ˶֪¼ұĹү㽭Ԫˡ
һ˶Ͱ͵ص½үнʿǾͿȥľ˴ˡ

ֻˮѡ½
°æʾǫ𣬶ԪˣһʡĽԪеġ
½ޥдš
Ųûзᣬ½·ϿˡޥûʲôĲɣдð׻ֻ·ܿ½ĸ񣬷޺̫ȣÿֻԺȱӣí[[֣ҪȻ[[Ҳȣֶӡ
֮һһֶûᡣ

½ҿѾ˲ٺӣ
Ӿŵ¼Ҵţ½㿴Ů˱϶Сˡ
ԪԪ£һɽڵһѾˡ

°ؾ͸ˡٻģ˶ʵںҪ
ִӾһֿ죬˼ˡ
˵һͲǼ½ʶʣӾǣ
°صǣǲǻ֪˵ڿء

½ǵȷ֪򾩳ǵϢǰŲŴӽݳŲϢִｭݡ
°صɽĶָʹмԺˡ˵ǵӱҪǮè塣һ˲ŷʮ˵ͱ϶ࡣ

½΢
Ϊǰʮֺظޥ˼ױѹӱһǧ
²ÿʡ½ȥˣϸʾǵ¡°֪Ҳޣֻûй˵Ҫͣǡ

½һ£ͣʱ䣬ǰȥ
ȻǸӣȴ¼ֵһʣ̸Ǹܰ°ڱ䣬Ӹǻסˡ
½ֻܷ

¼ֵȴϲ뿴
뿴°ػټȫıӦϹټĻ档Ҳʮֿġ
ֻ½ر࣬ൽ°мܲסܶ°ظҲûд𰸣ֻͷ
ġ
Ҷ
һֱ
ңҲ֪

У§°صİӵҼСӶŮ÷СֻʡǴ˸أ˵ɽ˸ͣ죬
°ɹЦ

½ȴɼûϢô𣿡
°صٵȵȣⲻٵ꣬ٲ͸ءҼҶСӹ̸Ҳ𡣡
½ͷȥˡ

һ·ÿͣϢ֪ԽԽࡣ
ۣǻͣ𣿡
½ᡣ
ٶˡ
Ϣǣ굱ٵʮֲãˣһֱԺˣٻһ֡ڣյٶûۻҡ

½ϵǻˣδѪҪˡҪˣҪԪ˳Ľʿ
ٳĹϵܶӣʦʦͬ꽻֯һŴÿ˵ϵ䣬ʱΪȫɼġ
ھ˳ɵԪ˵˵ڽƣѪ
ңҲͣǡ

Сǰϵ˾ǡ
ǰ½ǵһεǡ
һεǵˣȻΪǸߴΡĳǽ𺳡½ͷá
׳֮Уܡ

ֱ껽һȥ
뵽ຼຼ컨ǵĶվءҡڣĸɪ
ֶʵֵ㣬ľΣɭȻ֮С

ּ½ҶھǶլӣҲˡ˲һΣĳҪֿԼپ۵ʱ䣬Գҵĸլȥˡ
½һгǰУӭһӽʿ˽㣬һͷŵؽ
ֻ½̲סתͷȥ
ԷһˣҲתͷ

һǻã绪㡣
һǽŭ
һ˲Ŀӡ
ɲǺ󣬽ǰС
½˭ҲǵãգǵһεĲ硣






129.   129    ˽

129 

磡Сǰ, ղ治Һ˭ÿ
ޱ飺
ǰһҪӸȻС߶߶ܾ, ˡ

СȻҲ
ѵãС˵ôʵڵĻ
ղǸ˷绪ʵҫ, ӭ磬Ҳ̲ס࿴һۡ
һֳͥ˼ʵĹ, ⱲӶûܹʲôۡ
ߣ

С, ˵˸ţء
СʮĽ
ţһʮ檣Ǹɫļ굹ûʲô, ʹɫûˡ˻µˡ

ʲôʱ˸ҲŮˣС̾, ˵ֵĳϢˡ
̫Ȣ޲ʲôϡ¡̫ࡱڹٵĶλã̫ǵӻھ, һڹԱ֮䡣
ӼȻУҡͨŮȻҲˡ
˽ȫĻȱģϸû, һ

ƽھǴ죬ȷѾʼ˸ԟR·ӡ
˵Ǳĳʷá
͵ĶЩ֮, ûиŮ˵ġǲء
Сĺ
𼱡һġ

һߣǸûʶ, һֵ˽̲ס׷½˵ӣЩ˺, 㿴û˾ȻͿſ֬ء
½ǾǣݵúЩڹ١

ڹپˡ
һæ졣
ϳһޣûͱ졣
½ҲǲͬĵطȨ󣬼Ժķӵߡܿʲô˵ʲôȱס˵
æӦǡ

߹һ֣н·Ӵһۡ˳Ŷ½һĸ˼ңֻңŮ캢Ӹǿ޿䡣
½һͣΪЩ·Ѻǣ½ǰ߹
һο龰۾ôġ

ͷҲаմΧۡ
϶ˣû갡
˰ɣô϶ˡ
ٲ꣬Ҫ˰

ǰ˵Ҳ۽硣
һ·ڱﵽ½ҵլ˿˵ЩǼԺķӰǵ·Ư
ҲǾƣɸûȰɽؤƵġ
Ȼӽ¡

½ǵУѾȻؽݱˣĻŻھǹ
ڣ½һͷѸٵػȡ˴Ϣ
ôˣԤ뵽ˣΪĹԱԾ
Ļŵ˭ģţ󰡡
С󻯣Ȼ֮˲¹ͷ

½Ѫ
ĻŵҲ⡣ϴӵǻ㱻ȵʱ˻ѹƵúˣýϱȵۿ񣬲ⷴúЩ˵ˣԺŮһ㣬Ƕѹ磬ѹ硣
ΪʲôʫԱȸء

ֻϺҲȵۡĻŵţظ㣬̵ʲôϿпһ˵һõģȻΪţͽһģţģǽϵ˼
ͦ鷳ǵǵʱ򣬴˵ʦʦˡڴѪ˸λ⣬ڶҲˡۻҡ
ûأҲ͡

½Ǿͱ𶯣Ҫȥմ鷳
ĻŵǣҲ롣£̤̤ʵʵմ鷳ǿٱմϼԺˡ
½ʣԺһǰʱ𣿡
Ļ̾ǡ

Ժһǰš
ЩӴЦһ˼ұԺߵţ˼ұŵöɸֱӾͽԼ֤ֻ֮ࡪ˾ĴΣȥ˺ֹƤأֱǳǡ
ֻԺķͷ쿴֤ɫȴ΢
ʱŷߴӣĴˡ

½ǰԼϣ»ʵۣµԷԺȶ
ȻʱÿЦ
ĸ˵˭õһõԼȥ۶ϣֱ

С󣬸ؾ½ִﾩǡ
괺ǣǾۼھǣȻǸķʢżϣཻ໥಻ʡĽԪĸ˼ӣʫĶʼˡǾǰսֵ֣Ҳֻоǰգлʶ˲żüһáԾǰյ۽磬ɲԵĵطܱȵġ

ֻ꣬ЩʢûС
ǣЩһصǣһزμӴǵľҲ벻ǣûʲôԵĵطľһϸ£Ǵһ֣Χ˾ǵɫ羰ͷ
ڴǰ۵ʱɱþѪӣȵҲֻмԺɵó
ҲΪΪɱĻʵûطװˡ

ɱ˿öˣԭ緢˵ȻȻؾСˡ
ûдǰڵطôӳⷽ١ˡ
˵ԻȱԼ

ԪһǣֱһµˣٶûǱ̤ܲʵ
ĹٵĹϵһԿʼһˣֿԵٱ½ʿʦʦǣͷͬǻ֯һŹϵˡ
ʦ½ʿδӰΪԶδȺǾûĺһ

ɾ˳ʮĴһ𵴳͢Ĵ󰸽Ļ³ڶһж񳾰䶨Ƶġ
˶³ţ½³ˡ

ԵĿĿһġԣǰġ԰ʫ徭ģһǲʡ
һ½ϣʵʱס
̫̫ˡ˳λʮ꣬λߵһƫûþˣܳʱףο˳ۺϻֹǡһ㡱ƫء

½дһƪ
ֻд꣬Լַض˼ڿﷴⲽ
Ҫվʱ˾ģպīԼͿȥ
վĲۿˣֻƳһۡ

˼ʶ㣬ʲôϡû
ޣ˺ԾĶС
˵ҲС
ڿ￾ΧдȥµҲС
ֻͿˡ࿴һۣΪʵںÿ

ӿоһƤƵġ½
ڿһҹ½°ҲɫĺðǷ棬üۼ䣬ƽȻ
Ӿ֪һС
ʮģ

½ȴһЦزС
꣺
½Ϳ֡
ĬƬ̣ȻûϵҴģø˵
½Ц

ص½Ļ˵һ򲻵Ϳ֣ٸԼꡣ
ĻĳԾ½㽭Ԫ˽ԪˮƽֻҪͨ᲻С
½УҲǶ׳

һ׽ʿڣ׽ʿͬʿ
½ĸ½ǽʿ
½ϽʿˡĻаҡͷ˻ˡ

½ֻ΢΢һЦ͡
νĻţҲǸԲڵľӰˡ½Ĺٳ۽ˮƽѾԽ
ǵ»ˣҲȥ׸ɡҲһˣһȥ𴦿

Է˰ĩβˡĻź½ǰ뿪˾ǡ
껹²μӵԡеˣһ㶼䡣ĳɼԼܻͬʿ
ֻ˭벻Ԫһж൹ùʲô¶Ǹˡ
Ԫ꣬ǽۻңѪֵ֮һꡣ






130.   130    

130 

½Ԫʮ뿪ݵ, ʮһѮ½˺ޥţõ˰ɣ
½˾ͺܲϲꡣޥ˵ϲϲҪ½һȥܡ
Ҳܾ˵Ǹ˼ʶ, رǳԶţȷʲôȫ¡

ǽϿ֣˴Ǳ˸ĸӴȥ, ӴһʬҲġ
½˹٣·ϻء
ܵûо, Щڼ˾Ͳһˡ
ġ

ޥʱǧߵ֮ǰԡšȫ㽡Լһزͷ, 
ĸףȻԸɷ򵽴Ϲܡ
ǲ, ľġһûȫȫβػһҪġ

½, ȥĹ»ˣ˾ǵϢ
һ, Ĵ̰°ѪɺӡʵΣʼԾɳˡ
ޥҲĵҷˣ½˰Ѵ½Ϣޥ
¡, ȥа˻һǣװ˻û, ֻʣһǣҲûʲôµȨðͷġȴðһ
ƽģںųǡСţ󡯡ҿ, 㲻ýǸ˹ܼɵ

ƽ
ޥˡ
Ǹ˰ɡ
ȻȷҲǽƽ
ūͺײֵġ罭½ид̵Ѿߣຼ½Ҳһǻຼʱ򣬴һ˵Цš

ţޥ֪ġ˭֪ţء
ᶽԺ, ʵ۵ĵ߹
ɱöˣö󰸣ǣö޹
²֪˺޲ǧСֹСҹġ
ʲôСţ󡱣ܵġ硣

ֵĴǵ£֪ԴʲôӰ졣
ʱຼˡ
ﲡˡҪһȥ̼½˸½˵ޥźһֱûôˣֲˡ

½þ
ʲôСޥźһֱûô˵ʲô
ƫǴʵ
Ȼ̫̫͹ˣǹӾǸƭǮĻɫ̫̫Сĵزޥһֱû١Ҳº½˻̼½˻ޥһȥ

½ðɣԴӭ[[֮Ҳ֪ôأ˵еģҲ֪ǲˡҪץ֤أץʲôҲû˵
ֻԼűˡ
ƫݴС㲻һͻף˺ȻֿʼʹСˣֵֹֹġ
̲סµǰա

½˺ɳӰأҲֻűӵˣȥͲҪޥˣ֪ĸ׶ޥĽᡣ
Ǵء½Դ˵Ͷ
ƣͦͻݣ޿ָժء

ʵ½ãȰĸ׾ϰϷڶϱ
½ǰޥ˵õģҲʹˣܲˣңҾֱε
ô˵ޥǾģֱ˵ȥɣأˣڡ
ˡ½˵˭ҲĶϱء
û취½ޥ̾Ϣȥˡ

ֻ˭û뵽º½˽˴ຼţһ½Ϸ˾Ĳˡ
½˵չ˺ĸס
ޥ֪ˣصȥ½ʾҪȻҹȥɣ
½ˣ߻Ҫչ˭[[
ֻţϱ޽½Ѿ꣬Բ꣬[[ˣػһ̥
ȶӻúôߴ

ת۾͵Ҫ꣬ŷӡ½ޥ[[ຼ
½Ϸ˹Ȼǲˣǰû񣬳Դˡ
ޥȻĵ½ˣ½˿ŵá½ʱڴ߶ҩ룬½ˣֻޥҩѾͷ

½ϷûɵؿһۣҲû˵ʲô
ʱڶϱľҲûˡźˣ½Ѿźúá
Ӧǰ˵ģˣǵÿϱġ
ݼҴСĸðЩˮ

òáһΪ½ڣΪ̫̫š˼ڽ½ûؽˣڲǰ᣺ТֻΪأ
½΢顣
֪ԼТ
Тģ͸ôǹĸҲûйġ

ޥ¸½˰æԭҲΪ½Ϸװأû֪没ˡ
½ԥ
½˵°ɣ߸ĸ̼ЩңҪæ
½Ǳ¡
ǧҪ½չ˺½Ϸˡ

˵ˣϷѸߣҪ׼ˡ
Ļǲǰɡ
½Ҳ½¶ǡ
ڽ⼸꿼ܺãʷ꽭޵̰ӣһϻʵ۸ôѪ½ЩҰġ
ֻϲ£ܾ˵ģ½˵ԵТֻүҲ׼
½ʮֲ

½ޥҲǻڶ½Ϸ˲֪
Ҫ׼ǣҪຼຼ½
ޥˣǡ
Ƕ˱ŭ[[ຼס¡

³ţ½˵Ը³ˣ
ޥû½˽⣬ֻڴ𣿡
ʴŭĻ½˵Ԫû⡣
ޥȻϣ½еġϲ½ѧʵӡ
ܶˣν֡
ʺϴɫˡ

ûܵϲĲۡѮǵĻŻص˽ݡʱѾ֪ͨ˾ǵ࣬ĻŴ˸ϸϢ
Ҳ½Ϳֵ¡

½ŭС
ֻòСʣأ
Ļ˵ȥˡ
½ֻõ
ֻˣҲû취ֻú޺˵꣬󲻸ҿһףȣ

½ຼأҲ֪ǴĻຼȥ
ձ㵽ˣ½ˣֻף֪ˡ
Ļ룬ȣʤߣǸ˼Ҳ֪أ

ޥʮֵزףĸףΪʲô
½˵ô֪أֲֻҲСˣƽ޹ʵġ֪ɡ
ޥͷǵǡ

ǵ½浽ȥˡ
Ļ˵ӾǳӱɽƺϣȻٻϣѽĸضһˡ
ޥֻ˵Һһĵ㡣
Ǻֵεġ

½˳̾ϢӾأ˾ܣԺٳȥΪ١Ů꣬Ҫ͵˼ȥ˼ҵˡǺǻȫ˼ģȶӻġ
ŭ[[§ڻУֻϢЩôЩżҲ㡣
[[ʲôǸţǡ

½Цֿޥο㣬䵽ǼңԺ󳤳þˡ
ޥЦˣǲˣ

Եʱຼ½ҵϷ˲ˡ
½˿촬ȥ˽ݱţ½æȥຼôһ档
Ϸ֮½ɶǣơ

ֻ½ݵլȲã˶ຼͿլӣ½ؼҡ
ǣǽһ׶ף½ʿˡ
Ȼβϻ˸ͬʿ

ϲûɢһٺͿٱ㱻Ժˣ˱˾İյĴΡԭҲĴְԺΪ˴˳Уֱֻڡ
½ʿûʦʦ׳û̵ĺӣȫɵۡ
ֵֻĻʵ΢ЦţŽҫҫĽʿǡ

ƾ٣ԭΪȡʿͽ˸˽˹ϵ½ʿһС

Ԫ굽Ԫһϼա
Ԫ˵ۣڰ˾˳۵Ӱ
̫ˡ
Ϊ̫ˣԪ˵ۺ̫ơ
зˡ






131.   131    

131 

Ԫ˵۱ͷ, һֱЩë
Ԫ£ǸսΪ̫, ƹзˡ

ڻۣȻֻǼ곤е۳ĻӲʸվǰ
ҲڣţҲ, σҲڡ
һ̫ҽʵ

ʵõȽ۾֪Ԫ˵޷ˡ
Ŷ, бֱѡ
̫ҽ, Ҳ˵ҶѾ˵ʵʵ޷ˡ

ǻʵҲûúûء
, ڸ̬̫Ӽ
ڸԱӦ߸ˣԪ˵ɱֻʣˡ̬һ¡
Ϊд, Ϳ԰񷨺߳
򵥡

ֱ̫ڳ, ûֳǼǡ
ڸ롣
ǣֻ̫εΥ, ȨҴʼ
ԟRҲڷֻܿ, ûһ취
ͳ

߳Ǭ幬ʱԟRﶼġվǰ
̧ȥ, Ļס
һ˿΢΢бȣ۾л
ԟRǳϤ, ǸԿǿˡж˷ܣܿƲס¶һ˿

ԟRĵ׵Ȼһɨա
ûأʻţֻ̫Ǽѣû϶Ѿʲô⣡
ԟR߹ȥ˻һۡҲһۡ
Ϭⳡϲ˵һֱű

˵ɡԟRĿ⾼Żʲô⣿
̧ۣʥΥ̫ͣӼ⡭ǣ̫ͳˡ
ԟRʣأ
ԡл
ԟRǬ幬ͿˣҰĵĻ档ȼա

ͳɲͳɡ
Ц
Ĵ֬ɫЦʱĺÿĪ˷־㤡

̫Ӽһ£̫ƽ¡
̫ӱϾһֱѧϰι֣Ҳûôѡ
ΪԪϸµĶңһֿȱһۻѹ
̫ÿڷŬۣչʾԼιҪϸĶÿһݼѡʵ˲ţŵʵλá

ܳڸƣڸĴں̶ܴȵطɢ˻ȨȨȨһֱץڻʵ۵
ڣ̫ҪʹʵӵеȨ˭ʲôλá
ʹȨĸоޱȡԪ˵۴˾˳ɳڳĿλϻûüˡ񣬶Ҫ̫ӵˡ
ЩԺ󣬾̫ӵ
ÿ뵽һ㣬̫ӾᵽȨ

Ϊ̫æµ̫ÿֻȥһ̽Ԫ˵ۡ
ԟR򼸺ǲ߲ݵԪ˵ߡ
̫ӼˣҲûԥȽһ£վǾô±ȽҪϾǹڼǼʵ᣺´ʼʵѲֻܴ¾Тˡ

ԟRʲôҲû˵ƺˣƿ
̫ˬˡ
ƽʱٵóôأС֮Ӱˣ˱׵Ĵȣûб͡׵ˣһ˿취ޣֻ׵
ɾԪ˵Ǹӡ
Ͳһ׵ĳ谮Ҫڸ׵ĽűӬӪ
ͳǹ֮ʵ۲еʱÿ˶֪ӵλ

̫ӵţ֪һϢʱ߽ˡǸϢƣԪ˵گگǷ̫ӣ
ʳϢǼ٣ΪʲôگʲôʱģǱ²ǰǲ󣿡
ġ֪ʱģ֪ʱ򣬱Ѿˡ̫ӺţҷǬ幬ͳϢ

̫ӺܻšΪϢΪԪ˵۴ƫġ
᲻Ϊæ£һֱڻʵߵԵʣ
ʵϣһ£Ԫ˵۵˲٣ǿ˵ˡֱҲܶһˡ

̫һ뵽ǷݡگĴڣͳ˿ֻš
ΪԪ˵ˣگܱóλԪ˵ۿˣѾ˷̫ӵ˼̫ӿϾҪɡǰ̫ӡˡ
ôŶ·һ

˲ƵǸϣǲ֪Լܸɳʲôġ
ܻʳôԣ̫ӻǾھ͵ǻ
ȣõǷگ٣ȻͿԷĵصǴλ
Ҫõگֻܡƹˡ

ƿӵǧǧĸԪ˵ûöǾͷǶھǣô
Ԫ䣬̫ٽӸжٸᣬֻǸԪ˵۲ֻһٸ

̫Ӱ˰ܵȽε϶壬ٴʮһ
̫ӰܵԼսŵ˷ʺʳأ︻
ӶԼĸ̫ӣø̫ӵٽ˸һǧ

ǹǵķ
ʳ֣ţ
̫ȴ롣
̫ҲԸϣţ֮⣬ʵţ
̫ӵ̬һǰԼҪţˡͳ̳ˡ

̫׹һ£ţһΡ̫˼ȥǾΪԼͳԵʡ
ţųֻЧһʵһˣάʵ۵Ĵ
̫˼άʼԼǡաȦ

ʳΪҪţųڼƻ֮⡣̫ӳܾô죿Ǹûܽڡ
ʳ޷
мΪԤСܾûţ֧֣ǰӰ
ֻ̫Ӵδôᶨˣʳֹˡ

µףŸˮΪֵüʱʧ
̫ӷ˺ܴһͨƢţʱǷ񣬻ؼұ˼졣
̫ӼȻǾǴ¡ţųӣûΪԼһ䣬㽻˹Ƿı˼ȥˡ

̫һ֣˼Ĵ
̫Ӳ֪ѡţʱ򣬱ѡţ

˷̫͵ᣬ̫ӵǳָʹԼվ̫ӵǻԪ˵Ϊϻʡ
һ⵽˷
ÿȥ̽Ԫ˵ۣԪ˵۵ڡҶ֪Ԫ˵仺ȷڿС

Ҫһ㣬˴ϴ֮󣬻ڳϵģȻԪ˵۵ˡ
һ̫ӵϵˡ˵Ҳһܾġλۣٸ߹¡
˵꣬ˡ

ȺȻҪ̫߳͵ֳȥ̫ѾΧ̫͵Ǭ幬
ٹף̫ǡƹģ
ͳ
ֻҪ̤̤ʵʵأܰͰؽӹɽ𢣬ɵصϴλ

̫Ǭ幬ʹ˽σ̵Ĳϡ
ϲǵñ𣿡̫ʹļ׵ʣ˵ԴҶã
σȴ˵گūδ˵
̫ûа취쳤̾һɱ

Ԫ˵ϿһУŰĭһֱס֡ס֡ӡס
ֹˣʿĸֵ߸߾𣬾Ҫ¡
Ԫ˵۱۾
σҲ۾
վǡ

ô룬/䴩˱ʿĺѪĽσһͷ
σ۾
ɱ𡪡
̫ӱƹλ£
̫ӱƹλ£

̫һжƻúܺãŵúܺãʼղףĵԟRǴôı
ûס
̫ӵĽ죬ڼսбɱ˶ԷһſıȣȻˡ
ૣ˵ϡ

ֻôô౱ھǣУ
ԟR¶챱ȷбǢˡǴʿ׼Ѻµľ
ֻǶڳ⣬ôʿǡ
ţﰡôôʿţ͵͵أ

̫ӽ˼Ȼһ˲
ǰܵģԣôıţŽİ
̫ĸ˼£֪ȫǰ
ڵϣӽǿȥΡĹǽ߲ɼǽ϶վˣŸһķɫЩˣǹǽ
һվǽϣ·𿴲ļɱһ
ţˡ

ţأ
̫ӵĽ쿴ţӰȻţ̫ӱ⣬˹֮Ȩڼұ˼
̫ӵĽǰȫˡ
һеһУΪ̫ǸگϢϢ̫ӷǬ幬ͳġ

ţŹǣν̫ӷǬ幬ˣԣͬ㱼ɣ
̫ӰʳĽ飬ţǡ
Ĳãţ






132.   132    

132 

ⳡɱͬʱǬ幬̫͵, ˰ʱ֮á
̫̫͵İٹٶˣǻſ⿴ۼ̡֤
̫ӱƹλ, ȼݣҷ
ɱ̫͵Ĵִ򿪡

ʣλϴŰٹٳ, ʣºڣ̫Ӻڣڣ
𣺡Ǭ幬̫ӣѷ
ϴŰٹǬ幬塣

ԟR̫, Ǭ幬
ͷж˼, ߵǰ뻳ͳ, ڽ̤ϸԪ˵۲ȥ˿ѡ
Ԫ˵һֱԼӡ

ԟR꣬סԪ˵۵, 淢¡
̫ıۣѾ
硢ܡʮһ, һͬ
ʧûüȡ

ʡԟRڽ̤ϣͷȥ, ѶͷԪ˵۵ֱϣʥΥ, úɽ𢣬롭ɡ
ǰ, չ׼õλگ顣ֻһӡ
ԟŖͷֻૣʣ롭ӡ

Ѿ˵Ԫ˵ȴһֶ˵ֻԟR
ַ˵ϡ
ʵ, ̫ı˻ʵۡҲͦõġ

σ̧ۣ˿ŵ֣̾һߵ齱ߡ
ԟŖͷϲ
σȥ£ӡɡ
Ԫ˵۱۾
σֱˡ

σ̶ȥˡ
ԟRᡣ
һռŵճô
ʵ̫һ

ڽ̤ϣһ㱣֤
Т˳
ú
ꡣ

Ԫ˵۱ۡ
ʵ㲻ʲôˣҲ㲻ʲôǻ꣬ʲô
˳ۣԪ˵ǸõҲµͨĶһϣǲͬŮĶǣҲܺͺ

Ԫ˵ԟRΪԼ⣬ֻһ⡣
ţأ
ţ
Ԫ˵ףô¼ţûг֣˾

˳ʮ꣬ûлʵۣţĺڵۣ֯ҫۡʾڻʵۣ˾
Ԫ꣬һλʵۡţûг֣ΪܲڻʵۡĲ˾

ţٳڻʳеʱ򣬽»ʵۡ
ţ۵°ڣظµߵס
ᶽԺţʼڡʵۡ

Ԫ¼䣬̫گҥԣΪԪ˵˷֮ġʧ£Яӡӡʮһһͬƹ
ĻԟRʱݡ
̫ӡӡӡʮһӽԷ
ʧȲ̫һﾡ
Ψʳﲻ֪١

Ԫ˵Υͣگλ
ԟRλԪ˵ΪϻʣƾԷ
Ԫ꣬Ѹ£ԪԪꡣ

̫ӱƹһ£ԟRջ˹Ƿ񣬽Լĸƽ
һһοѾţĵλӡţ׼飬˹ǡ
ѾΪԼƻã嵽ʮʱ䣬ıˡ
ƽƽȨյȷ·

ԪǬ幬֮䣬֮λ֮֮
˲ָժλ
ԟR֮Ĳ
̫һеյĻʳɱ֮ɽĲ
۵ǻ´ĵһ--ɱʳ
ĺǣ쳤ؾá

Ǹ컻յϢµ״ຼ
½벻ǻˣ½˸пԱܿ˽죬ڿ˵ǲá
½ֻˣıҰˣҲ֪ʲôʱøĸТ
Ÿп꣬½ˡ

½Ȼص˽ݣ֪½Ϸȥ½Ѿƣຼȥ
糾ͽ˼ţȥ½Ϸ˵λͷ㡣
½Ȼֿһͨĸɺû㡣
½ߵͷТ

̫̫½ĥҺܶ׶ԼĽﻹһƬĵġ
½ĬϣһһŮӣΪӣ߿֪ķ羰㲻ֻԼЬ⡣

ߵ½ˣТˡ
½ãͷͺãȥϱɣ㲻ڣھТ
½ߵףǡ

ޥɽϵԺѾ֪½æȲȷˮϴԡ½ϲ࣬·ϴˣؼҲҪϴġʱһϴء
æţѾˣˣ

ޥæӭţվ̨ϣ߽½
һ꣬Ժңң

ޥ½
һЩһЩӵǸޱЩ̳·ɰĹڰѽ̤ʵϡ
ʲôطòһˡ
˫۾ž⣬ȴǰ貣ҫ˶Ŀ

½ޥ
Тüؾɾ÷·մ㳾Ƶġ
վĽңңĿο顣
أʲôطòһˡ
ļ¡

½̨ס
ޥҲ̨ס
ǶԷȥԺۡ
½ҪȥޥѾ½֣ûȥ
ޥ۾ﺬЦ

½ţˡ
ޥǣס֣ȿڲ裬ϴ裬·׼ˡ
½Զιøĸݹȥĸλڳ׵ط
˿á

ޥȥô
۾װ׵дŻϲΪʲô˽Ļǰ

Ⱥᣣޥſ֣ǸոõģϲĹƬȥ˲衣
½ȴһ׽ס֣͵һޥԼĻУס

ůǳϤϢ½һϢĻؼˡ
ޥޥޥޥŻ֣ͷҺ㡣
뽫ޥڽԼȥ

ҪԶУ֪ҵĿɹ󣬲֪ĸ޶ůЩѪżѪķµˡ
½ҲûΣաȥĴ˻һڴųŵӶѡǿļҶٶЩҸˣɫλ˵ˣΪġ
ƽػص
ٽİ֮ӵڻС
֪ӵɹ
½ɷ̾

ޥ۾ˮա
½ԡ૵ص㡭úݵİ
һ߱һꡣ
һУޥҹҹƽЩ

ʱҹһڿյĴϣãȻ
Ϊʲô½ܰڼһԶأ
˼һ˼һµѹһҹ͵͵
룬Ƕô

ĸһǶģ԰æµϾˡ
ĸ׻ĵضһߣӵЩŮӣööࡣ
ŮҪѧչ˺Լ壬ʰԼ
ҪţҪҪܶԹ¼š

Щįһشĥޥ񽥽ԡ
ԭΪǲֿ֦
Ҳڼžҹţ

ҲãҵĴ½۾ޣԣޡ
ޥޥҡ
ޥſ˫֣ס

½ǵôǰޥǱı۾˽ĻС
סɲǣ˵ãס⡣
ģԺңɫ»һ

Щ鶼ȥˣ
ЩסϷֵȥˣ
һ꣬ǰһ֮վЦ
ܵ˵һ

½ãȻ
֪ԼΪΣȻʧ䡣






133.   133    ־


133 

ɫ
½ڴμŭ[[, ŰŻ᷿ȥ˯
һ겻[[Ѿȫ, ֪˭ʱ䶺¹С

[[һԺۣһƤѩ, Ϳ֬Цʱ, 壬½Ķˡ
޺, ֪˭СĸȢŮҴ[[, Э[[ȥ
ģһԶŹ, ϸװıϲӣƸС

˭[[, صѾǰźϴ¡
ޥھϴ, ½ȡһ飬ڴϿ
, ̧ۣޥûϴ, Ҫôã
ǰǺܿϴ꣬Цӯӯعȥ

½ҳϡ
һҳַһҳȻ, ̧ۡ
ĿɨȥຼŰβͽһһڴϣܿտ

ûڴϵϴˣҲһ˹ߡ
ԣϴϴܾҲûϵ


½飬ڴ߹ϣŴ
ͽһŲһŴ²ǵڴͷĲ档
ĳ붼ǷЩõ˽ܵĶƩԡĨࡢ¶߷ϷĻᡣ

½ȵðЩС롣
ǰǹŻס£õЩǰϼңҪסˣˡ
Ȼ涼ЩŮ˼õĶЩҲ֪յȥˣǰڽݣǷڴµĳġ

Щ룬Ȼͷһ񡣿ǵ񻨣ָסҲǳ룬Ρ
һֻУͦʲô
½ֺ棬óƿӣȻס

ޥˮ۾
ʵݵøãӻء
ޥšŶһˡ
»ص½Ȼû˯ڴͷŪʲô

ػû˯·ѽޥ
½㡣
ޥᣣʲô˯ˡ
һתȴ½ڴͷаһĶ

ޥȻ½ǰŹʮѾ/½ҲϷˡߣֻҶҵĶ
½ʣģ
ޥ˵£ܡ

½˵˼ܵؽЩǲˣֻŮˣڿഫ
һĵظһŮǱ֪ȥѰЩ
ޥһףůľ޹ֲͬʣ񹤾£ȻƷ
Ѷڽݣຼ߲Ϥ½ʵܲ³˭˼ܴݸ

ޥ˵ţҪȥûء
½ֶ̧ȴû
ޥУ֣Тء

ʵҲϸҪТھͲܺϷ½ŹſʼТܹЩܻ䡣
½ȴ֪Ҳ
£ͷס
ٶҹҹЩ˼ͼįй

ãޥ۾ૣϵζˡ
š½ȥˣڽѰҲûʱ䶯ֺ㣬·ϱ㲻ôѬˡ
Ҹϡޥ˵Ǹӣںϵúܺˣĸ׶ҡ 
½ʲôˡ
ޥЦЦѽ

½ĵףȻһ䣬˲
ͷصĵƣ״ĵ֣ǱɣƤֽ͸͡
ޥҲ͡
۾Цݶᣬ

½ȥ䣬Ϣ
ûб仯Ǵǰζʮֿ϶еģľӡ
ޥ˲
뺰ͣԼţţ͡

ޥ۾ͼֹԣڡ
½ôסҪ˵ģ߸ⲻ㡣
һֱů񣬴ʱѾһ¶ȡ½ĩ˵Ȧָϣů˽ȥ
ޥ۾һۡ
ǣû½ԡ
ۣˡ

½û뵽ֲĺϷޥܳǷ
ǰһѣˣ
ӡ
ʮˣʱɬۣһң͸ˣΡ

ůͶˮˮȡ
ٻصϣޥϵ½˹Ҳ
½ǣ۾ĵЩ嶯Щ£ûҪȴ̲ס֪

ÿ춼 ˵
ޥ΢Ц
ޥޥ˵棬ûˡ

ޥЦʧˣȡ֮ǲ졣ʶһ䣺Ϊʲô
Ϊٲ˼ӡ輧Ů/˵ġЩǣԴΪ¡

½۾
Ϊѹ
Ϊû뵽ѹ

Ϊ̫æÿﶼ·뾡߸ĵطǣ֣أҲοһ¡
˵ģޥšƱֲˡǰָбʼ룬ȴúܺáĶмˣǳʱֲĥġ
ãޥšһḧο

СԵʤ»顣һķ룬ֹС
ɢӻζ
޵˽ֱãȻ໰˵

ޥһֱи£һˣڿԵΪʲôͿ֣ĸ˵ˮƽ׳϶ûģؾϽʿˣʲôԭ򣿡
ҲûпϽʿҵ˼ˡ½ȴ˵

ȻҲбԭ򡣵ʱǺңȻĴְ䶨ֻвõĸоܾʱˣǺʱ½ֻҲû˵ϼգճְλͬʿǶڹˣ˶Ǻʱ

϶ˡޥǰЩ죬ĸ׻˵һܹˣҲͦõġǵ£ء
½ȴⲻϡгĿݣۣǲϡֻһֱ˶ѡⶥ
ޥģȫƫϣҲá

½ЦֻһǣǰʵĽֻ˽꣬ԼǳĻ򲻹
ǰ쳵ǽ֣ùûִֻֿ䲻ʵ

Խʶ꣬ҲžԼʶǳ֮󣬾֮㣬֮˵þġ
ԵĲ˵˵ݣ˵ҲǵһȥˣԭΪԼѾĶ˽⣬һȥʵһλࡣ綼ʵмܲסˡ

ҷ֣ЩͰǣȴ·𿴲ֻǣѾϰߣ˿ԡҲһ˵ձ顣һжĹģǡ
ɽϣֵȷˣⶼǶۻеĻס

˵Ҳֻеǵ֮һѡޥڣ־𣿡ʡ
ޥȻ˵˵ڵ־ʲô
½úˣ֮һݣޡһ£һ£һ㲻һ⡣

ޥסʣ
½Ŵãص







134.   134    Т

134 

ֻڴʱ, ʶԼ̸ֽڵңʵ̸¡俴ײ֮, Ժȴģ֪ķȴ䲻ϸҪѵֿ, 뵽һЩȴҲ֪
˵, һ򲻹

ޥ³һǵȻˣԼ, һСء
½ҲЦˣǣֿ, һڴдһˡһûʮ겻ñ书, ܴ̫棬·ꪳɳˡ

ޥһֱͷ˵, ʱ˿̿ǺЦʶԳ
Ȼ˵ɣ˵Щµʱ, Ǻӣžݡ
ޥеļ¡
統, ϸѩ̤Լŵ꣬Ͷʱһ˲ļ¡

ޥ, ȥסˡ
Ҿġ˵ҲûϵжиԸΪ֮ܶһ֮, Ǻεء

½˻ʮֱָۣ
ޥޥԺҲٺֿ˵
˵Ļ
ԶУһȥ
ޥ۾á

ڶ½ӣʰһ£Ǹջʱ糾͵ģˡ
üַɡ
½ȡһТСЩ
½˵ʲô̩Ȼᡣ
зִ磬Тڸ

½ʵƣΪĺ뱧ӡ
᣺ĸȥǰҲźûܵȵӡһ꣬Тӡ
½΢΢̾˵ͷ

½Тлͣڼơ
ȴʮ˸ӡ»ͻˣͷ̥͵˶ӡ
½ܼµӣ½ʮĽ½˵ɽŮǻ֪ϱѾͷô檵ġ

½˵ǵ½ͨĸǶкüӣǵϱɶຼˡ
⻰Ŵ̶ˣ
ʲôСֲ˵£
½ˡ
½˶ú

Ҫ˵½˭ã½ˡ
½̫үعТָ½Ϸ˴ǰ̼աѾڡ֮Сǰ½õ½Ҳ
½ͷûκˣжһɽɡ

ȻТ½ȴԽԽˡ
ȻͲԼ黭ݪŪʲô棿̭[[ʶֻô֣
[[ĸТֻ£ͳТˡ[[£ôϣֱۡ[[ȹղô֣
½¶ùܣޥأô֣
ǣǧϱڰš

½˸ޥ˵һҪÿֻҪÿôܹ
ޥ˵ء
תͷȥ½Ժӵ¡
סɽȻ徲ȴ㡣Ҷڻ¡ֻɽɽĸ׼[[Ҳ㡣ţǰᵽԺȥסɽﻹһ鷿Ҳ徲

½룬ȴǰᵽԺȥס˫ˮ鿸鷿
סޥ죬ɽϸ徲ء
ǰ½ڽݣѡ԰ϵɽ鷿ΪԶˣ徲
ʵɽʵڿ򷿻ֻǸ¶ѡຼ½ɽɽɽϵԺľˡ[[Ժܶܳ
ޥΪ½ػѡء

½΢΢һЦʱʵˡʵֻҪľﶼ徲ġ
ޥ½ˮͤ¶ģ˵ǰ˺ܶء
½˵ҾǺõģӵˡ
ޥֻЦ½ʵҲԶԶȴǰӵˣֻԼ

½ÿ˫ˮ鿶顣
ţż̧ͷˮңңܿĸ׺Ӷġһ𣬿
Э[[˯ƯȹھϿЦųźȥ
½΢΢һЦתͷ顣

ʱҴҾͷƪ˴ꡣ
ޥȳТ½ԪɥʼТϸ÷һ꣬µġ
ȻҪʱĶ֮Ϊ游ĸТŸ£һꡣ
𣬷з㲻ٱܼɣŪ

½ޥᣬڿԷſȻ
ĳ½ѹޥ鰸£δһ/
ޥģ

ޥöû߹ˣΪ⸱һء
½Ҳ̲סһͻζ͹ˣ½˻ҡ
ޥһ
½Цأ᲻ˣ
ޥȷЩźá

ٺҲ½յܣһ©ȥ˿ô죿ֻ߽ˣ䵽˺ʲô˵ղأ
ޥ°͵ǿɲУֻһܿ
ޥȥһ˵ġ

ޥȻ֪Լ½һ˵ġ
½أ
½ǰ㲻һ˵ģԺأ
ޥ۾

ƼѾ꣬½˵洫ϰ˶Ŀı¡¶ĶĿ
½߶ѾþˣǸἰ֦ɢҶʶ֪˶ٴˡ
ޥ޽꣬Բ꣬ȴֻһŮ£΢ʡ

ޣ½Ӻ汧ַСȺġ
ޥ֪ҲС
ޥǰûΪżΪᣬαż
ޥȴţͣˣӣԼһȥǰһݡüˣͷ̥ҲŮҲҪӡ

һ಻Ϸ
ˮϵˮƶˡຼݼҵǧĶɻضˡ
ط˻С֣СɺˮصϲݸͰ츮
ｭ̣ˮ⼸ط

Խݸ֧ˮϵΣǧӤľƯɷһһǱˮףҲûܽѹסӾȳӾٹͷ͵ϣԼߡ
һ㱻ûʱ̷

ˮ˰Ӽ͵˾ǡԟRǻŸһָ꣬λŽաݵĵ̰޲ż꣬ˣ
ԟRΪŭ顣
ʵǴĲ޺޶ţ˵Ҳ̰£Ч̫/ʵ۾Ƥʵݣ

ţȥˡˮˣٶĿ죬¶±㵽˽ݡ
ʱѹ¶˱ˮŰĴأǧٿףҲ̶á
Ժˣ±ơԭǽ֪ͬлȷ£޵̵ӣ͵ϣ̲һ

лȷ£Ժ־һ̰֮ˡ
ŭ˴ۣлȷΪףһ˶ƤʵݡҾ췣û߾
ЩŮã·Ⱦ߲С롣ȥҲֶֻ¡

Ϣຼ½˸пԽƶԽǹǮεúܡ
һޥͬ⡣ʵں֪ٻǶǮġɩϵĵ̰
ֻ˵ͬŮ졣
л֪ͬл˲ŮڽŮȦ˰ż½˵ʵǸĳˡֻ´Щұ㿴

޵Ǹ㹫ƾŲȥ˭ȶˡԸ̨ŲˣԼұ붯ܶˡ˵л֪ͬһҲûȥڽݣͿƷλˡ񣬰
˵µʱлˡȴ֪лѾ·ϡ

ֻε£ҲԸ̨½δ룬ȴּˡԸ̨Ѿȥ˾ǣֱ˳½ǣǲñᣬʵ⣬ߵŰл¡
ĨĨ亹ȥˡ






135.   135    ճ

135 

ʮ, 꼾ȥֵҲɢȥޥȻԼ꣬һͬȥӡ
﹩, 𼫶ʢ
ޥ¯ȼþ˵룬ԭôŮӡ
õ, ܹ˵ù
̾˿

ʮһ£кɪ, ţص۸
£ҷġԟR, ˣϢհɡ
ţΪ°, ūıֶѣ̸ࡣ

ţ˽, ȴûϻؼңȥԷ
̫ϻԷ, ͦõġ
ԟRʵҲһТ˳Ķӡ䣬̫ϻ谮Ķӡ

̫ϻһҽģѾָ˵, ֻдʱ䲻ֻܳ, Ҳ߲·
σһֱչ
ţȥȲ衣

ţσ̶Ⱦơˣʱʱ̱̿ѲС
Բ, ůķġ
ţزĵˣȿσһ

뿪, šţ
ãáσ˵ԷͦõġТ˳öͣҲͦáڱˣҲ뿪

ţȻϣû˭벻˭ġ
σҡͷҺ㲻һµģҴȥߣû뿪ֻҪúõػڣұԷգҲͦõġ
˸־ţҲǿ

ţ뿪Է˻
ţ󣬲ִٳִʾ𾴡
ţͷʣѾůլˣ
ůˣһﶼȥһ£ʮĽ
ţЦˣĽǶᣬЩϼһһǵˡ
Ҫ̵ء
ţ׶Ц

ƹ֮£ҲҪ
ڹøլӣڹ˽㡣ţ֪ˣһլԺ
Ȼˣţǰִ
ǽ顣

ţˣσȥ̫ϻʡ
̫ϻůĵбĿ
ŵů紺ָˮ裬ʪ̫ϻʵϸǵûһ˿ëĺƤȥˡ
۵˵Т˳̫ϻʣԡʳסе̫ϻʹʵͦõġ

̫ϻƺ˯ţƺ̫顣
ϵĺƤˣσ߹ȥϡ
ĶȻ˶٣һ㣺մīˣ
̫ϻʵϣմ˵ī֭

σ̸ǺúƤţٸ·Լˡʹˣ¡
ͣʵԶˣ⾰ɫ˵Էúհɡ

õԸ縸Тֵͬģøաһʵ֡
ŹǷ񣬰Էһգ˴ͼԷϣסһ
Ƕŵ˴ԟRǰ

ֶЩдбˣҲܿó̫ϻʵıʼ
گдӡ񻹻ŵԪ곤ģԟR磬ָԟR̫ӱƹ֮ƹλŵǴ󱦡ֳڱԷگӲڸ󣬾ȼ𢡣

ԟRһ߿һ߱¡
ûвТʲôõġΪʲôͻ⣿ΪʲôһҪ£
گ
´گ

δãʾ¡
ԟRῴ˻һۣ촽΢
ҡҴӳĺӡ˵ʱ򣬷ǳ谮ĸСҾϥͷģֵܣûĴʮּҡһǵһꡭ

ĬĬš
ҪѾʱ򣬻ʵȴʼ׷ͯ꣬ˡ
һֱĬš
ֱԟRʼһΣƤ鰸ϲǸֽˤ˵ʱ򣬻̧۾

ߵǰס
ԟRͣס˽ţģؿ
ס⳶
ԟRץסһַ֣һشб˳ȥ

УԟRһۣһԲת
ԟRſ죬ֹ֣ȴֻؿŻıӰʧ
ԟRסʧʹޡ

ҹԷϻ޵ʧ
ϻû
ʵ۾һϲσ̳𳡣û
󣬻˿졣̱һ˱һ˵̬

ֻκΣ˵ǸѾ̫ˣˡ
Ǹ˵ϲԼӰɡ
˵Ǹ˵
ϰˣ뿪ˣ֪Լȥʲô
գǺһ𺣣Ҳûзֿ

ţҹѣյϢһ֪ˡ
ڴߣĬ˺ܾá
ͷףס
¡֣¡

ϻʶˡ˵
¡ţȴ⣬ϣͬʱʵء
£ʣʲôʱ뿪ǣߵԶԶģӦҵġ

ʱ򣬺һݸߡ֫ă˶ʳУο塣
ĶʳͷأһλҲӹнӳӡ
ǴʱҲû˯һ̤ʵľ

ţȷǴӦź·ڡ
ãڲź˯ˡ
جΡʱǸССŮʹˣȻôС
ţ̾
ʵ£Ͱ·źˣֻҪһͺˡ

˵һͨǿδԸȴܻԼǿġ
ʮ¶ʮģ͢ӡˡԱǶż٣ʼꡣŵƽʣɰζ
ǼԺĻҲһӡţҲɵػؼЪţǸĸ⣬ĵġƽɲһʵҲˣҲиĸ޶ҲҪż٣ؼңꡣ

˶Ϊ±ļڵһյϣΧţ㣬ֻӬɲȥ
̫ˡ
ţȥ˴ۣ۸ոɥҪΪϻТ
ţ󻹰οء
̫ˣϻΧţ
ʵ̫ˣţЩź·⾪˵ٶһжϡ

ţ벻ͨ
ϣʣı
еԴţǧӣžӪıȻбġֱΧ˸ۡ£һҲ֪ٻˡ
Χļңŵ룬ÿһ趼׼üԺĿ̳ġ
ı

ҵı˵
ţˣһڻʳǣ
ʳѾûҵƣῪš
ţżĳǸ֮Ҷ
ǡΪʱʲô֪ȻûҼ£ڶ뿪֮󡣡

ԣţ˴ۣοۻΪѹʵϻᡣ
Ȼţ뿪ȥˡ
Դ˵Щʲô۾ɱţ
ôɱأ

ѡСһ죬ѡ˴Ҷż٣ѡţȥ˴ۣûʲô֪Ĵʹţĵݼȥ֮󣬲ſʼʵļƻ
˵˴¾ɱţ󣬴۱ûԥ
ţĿ֮µģڻԽ˽ʱѹţˣԼˡ

һ˾ģͬ˻ļƻ
ˣȫĹΧţ
ʱ˿̣ټĻʳǣһճǣ
ĻʵۣĻ¹٣ˣ






136.   136    ߹

 136 

Լ˰, ţҡͷ̾Ϣ
ܣΪػʵ۵ȫ
չǷ£˳۾, Ԫ˵Ҳ
˭ţԼҲ벻ۺͻ, ôһգһûʵա
ᰡ
ֻŸɵó, ϡ

ֱ۴ֵţ򣬰յ, ţȰࡣ
ûʻʵΪʲôҪɱ, ô޴⣬ԼʲôԼﵱȻ
Ҿʦ, 붼뽻, ʳ

׷ʳҲˣԟRеѨʳһ첻, ԟRһ첻ܰ
ڽ磬ţ, ˵˸ȥϻʣԟRᡣţ뿪ỹû, ˡ

ڻʳȥֻһƾʧ, ֺ˵
ԟRĿס˭
ţ󡣡

ţĵһȨˣٴֽơ
ȷ
ٻͷ룬Ҳֻ
ھʱѿȫò࣬ЩǰһˣˣվͷٿԟRϿ˻Ĳ롣
ţûб

ԟRûףΪʲô
Ҳ˽ʱͨġ
·ȵۻڳɳΪʱţȵ۹ȵۻλʱţѾǹ
ţųڻʵֻۣڻʵۡ
ʵϣţԶԼź֣·

ͳĻʳƣԟRҪжĥɱ¿Ҫط
ԟRͨһ㣬ɱ
ֻŻ˵ļƲߡ˽ʱ䣬ŵǰ˵£ȻѾ˼ƻ

ƽذԼļƻ˴ۡ
ڣʱж
עƬ̣ˡ
˶żˣʳȴӻ߳Ǭ幬һ̿ʼˣ

ǲᣬ
Щţ۵̶̵ʱ
캮ضģ϶ûˡҼһڳ￪Χ̨ԿȺġ
ʳǿˣǽû˱Ļʵۡ
ǳţšѾӪɽ
û֪ڷһȨĸ˵£

ţĴʮ˵ѪСţʮɶӡǲˣǶˣԴڽӴ֡
Ǳɱʱţ۾Ҳûգһ¡

Ȼǡ˵
˵꣬˳һ˽ҲǸˣȴż͵
ţ겻ɫ±塣

ũңбвֵܽ壬Ϊ̫һ빬Ƕͺ󣬳ʵ̫࣬ţҴ塣ѪֻʣһСֶߣʮ˶ĿĴţֻҲˣãʵ̫ˡ

һţüۿڴһǵһ̸ʣҲţ
仹ûţ鲼ǵĶĿȴĳռͷϢ
ʼռţÿ˶һ㣬һԼϣֻҪ˽һ˹ҳ㡣

ţһˣҲݳ޸󣬵ȴ˻ֱݼҪŻŵʱ򻨹ÿһǮƵġ
ΪߣϺŲдС
ţǸˣȴ˵˼άģʽ

֪ˣ̸һ̸ɡţڵ
ѾǲˣǵΪ޶ȡ
ӻ֣˶˳ȥټУֻʣţˣ棬ƽȵ̸С

ʣҪʲô
ţޣֶ
ͷɡ
ţҸҵʳ¡
˵˻ʳһҪġ

Уţ̧ۡ
λȨʮꡣʳֻǶһƶѣŶض͸ԼӪ·
ǰһ˵·񶼶Ȼòˣ뽻󱲰ɡ

ţȻ·
ƻٵȼˡ
ֻһ˵εͰε鵶ˮ
ûü
ţֿ죬Цˡ
ԣ㡣˵Ҳ뿴㽫òõϣ

С˽ʱţѾԲãϡ
űվ
СһŻ񣬽սУˡ
תȥˡ
ССߵţʬǰи񣺡Сðˡ

ߵ䡣
ţֶԼ޶վڵɪɪţӴź׽ߵƽ
һССŮҲ˼ʮļԺţķˡ
ʣţˣ
ͷ

ڵȵһ죬˷̤ʵˡ
˵ƽɣ㣬ϲ㡣
ֹˡ
˵֪ˣҲǰɡ˵һҺúûţҴûŹ

ˡ˵Һֿۣ㡣
ͷߵס۾£۵ġ
ǰһ
ţһֱʮ𾴣ʹ

ֶһҼڣᷢ
һ
߳ȥеļжݶѸٵƽϢˡ
ʲôŵʲôףʲôԡһˣ޵Ƶʱ򣬶塣
ţ󴫳и˻ģзǱҪ֪

Ѿ֪ʳ
ʳˣʵ۵ıܰˡ
ʳ֮󣬻ܰ
ţЦǰ
Ҳ뿴㽫òõϣ

СͿ˳վڽϣںĵҹɫĻ⡣
磡Сʣʳﵽ
תͷĿСһ˲ס˺

Сҹʵ۵̫ƽ֡¡Ϳ˾ǵţһ˼۶ʧҹɫ
ͷؾؽͷӶֳʲô¡
ʲô£úѲߣ
䣬ؼҡ
𣿡
ء

ţھһԷȼ˴
ԷʵûʲôʳֻһЩ԰ӵˣСҹΧ¯ӺȵСƣʲô֪ˡ
ˡ
ŵˣЩˣЩˡͷԴ

ģǸһǬ幬֮䣬ҲԷġ˵Լˡ
ᵽ£ˣ˻ˣڻгĬˡ
ǶʷˣʷʱҪ񡣼֤ʷˣеĻҽ

ܵĻУ˽ۡ
ţϲʳڴˣҵ׷Ϣй¶ʳ䡣

Сǵһεˡֵĵϥ¡
ƯףǳĿ֬ӳ죬Ѫ
ҵȣԴ׷ûʳᶨͣЪ֮գ֮ʱ
˺Ƕ˵¡
ͣЪ֮գ֮ʱ

ĵϻѪȼգһɫļӰ
ǰεµǡ
һȺ
Լ
ʵ۵ĵʵ۵Ĺ

ʳû׽ź
ԺӪȫ˻
ʵۿᶽԺµĽӡ;Ӫı³һӡǰȥ
ȥɣ㡣

ס˵Ļ
Чңұز㣡
Ժӡ֮ʱָգ






137.   137    ͬ

137 

, ٹǶûá
ǰ¶ʮСҹţ껹ô
ڼ䣬ǶܰС֪, ܵӸڣ˶Ͻһѱϻع˴š

ţ, ʵûٹһ
Ҳû˾ûҪţɳʵ̫ˣֱ顣
ڻʵ֮, ǲ̫

ʮڽ, ſӡʵۿµĵһŻᶽԺ, ʹۡ
Ҷһ£, ˭
һȻ̫ƽ

۸䬰ٻƽ˸, Ҳδºıʵڱ޹
׷ʵţĶҵºҲ, ذ졣
֪ţڻ֮֡˽ۣǱˡ

ֻ˵, ȴֻǡ
ʲô˭ǳˣ
ú˭أ޹ţ󣿺ҰĲº޾òľ˳ۣǺ̰ĵײԱ¼ҵӲ, ϸд䣬ǴŶ˹̣

ȻǺ޵ġ
ĺ޲û䵽ĳضȥڴ˿ϵЩ, Ѿˡ
ú޵ˡ
úܵԼС
ѹ࿹

˾ǣ˻ʹ˵УţϽŹ⣬ݵ߹ȥģʱһֱǼŬ
꿪ӡĵһ죬źڵƽڹ
˶ĳƺˡ
ÿ˶һ
ߣ

ۿǰһЦоΣ
ϵ֯ƣػش𣺡оܺá
ǹ𣬵㴩ɫÿ
ֵСɫҲÿ

˵ţ˾̫˫һ۽һڵƽۣ÷ۣ۷ŵϡۺͻֻװû
˫ˡ

һʧһЦİ㿴أ
СǴϣһӡ
۹Ц
λС˳˷ۣСͿ˳Ƿ㶼ʮֻƯ
ӵڻʵߣʮų

СȴûУʵûðˮ
±ˡСѷըˡ
Цٶ࿴ɵ͸

ʵʮϲͷ
ֻǰţڣǴ۵ģرۡڣ۱û˴ͣͷ
ţˣȫԼĵϵˡҶƯƯΧʮ泩

Ĵۣ·ǴǰǸĹӸԟR
֪ˡ
û߻ͷ·

ţС๪յ۶ʲô
ۿĹԟRʧȡ֮ǻʵۡ
ʵ۵ص֪ˡһ۴򿪡
С£ղһЩʣ
۰۶£ü䵭Ϊ㼦ëƤƢҲ֪ʲôʱʺӡ

ǰСԶ³ˣһʱת»ǶЩʱ䡣
ĮȻһʱ𣿡
ʺ󣬻ûҵԼλãͲʱˡ

ǻǰںûоԵأҲеκΡֻǸϱˡ
˭أ
ǴżҲ׷ЩеգȣТ
ɻزȥˡ
ߵ죬ϣ˶٣

긴һ죬ҶиţʵҲˡ
һЩҪۣʵȥߵȵĲ·ڣ˶٣ѡһȥФ
Ф־ϲȴ£ַˡ
ۺһۡ

֪Խˣǳ檾ĵشһԼ񫣬ģ͵͵ڻ԰һ߾ˡФŴ۵ӻѽΣ˭֪ͽлʺײˣ﷢˺ôƢ檽㡣
ʺФ˳ͻΪФ͵͵ش˾βΣƣֻܴβġ
£СѾ˴ۡ

ֺһۣ֪Խȷ㣬ͺúý㡣
ФԭôȡĽأһݣ˳Ļأʡ¾Ժٲˡ֪¾ˣÿġ

ФǰĹԺĴʹѾͷԟR˷
ԟRϵʱѾУںһӡȾ¶˶ǨŶټԟRʱѾָ񻣬һʱʮܳ衣
ԟR÷ˮǴߣ˶ܳ裬ѹӵңӵǸһ𱻷˲
ԟR˴λ֮һ
һ·ϡ

ФһЩЩģæСź˷ЩСơ
ԟRҪЪ£ФȴҰͲñҹҹЪأڽ㡣ʺ﷣ģҪ£ǲʺҲûúӡ
ǣȴ
ۺοʡͺܺá

ȻĻڴˡФܲóʵ۵ȸʱˡ
ǹ˹»ȥɡ˻ʺȥҲ˳飬ٽ㼸հɡ
۹Цȥ

ȴͬ
ʺͺüĿ˵¿ɣѹЩ˶߳ʲôˡһӾҲҴβΣﻹһڷ𣿡
Ĺüȷˡ
ܶԴȷһͨƢռϷ磬ԟRСغ
ﱾФԽˣƢþ͸ֱ׳ˡ

۶ָƣ̫ˡֻڣ
֪ˡ˵ûֱͣӳߡ
ʺίˣһ·׷Ŵ۷Ƣ

۽ձޣ޵Ѿڴ£ʺȴһֱŭ룬ķ
̧ۣФԽ㴦𣿡
ʺҷ¡
۵Ȼˣ˵ʲô
ʺס

վ
˻Ǹˣüë۾ҲǴǰüۣһվѹ˹
ʺ᲻
ϴЩкŭ⣺ҼںķĻʺִӡͳ󹬵˶㣬й㰴洦ǡȷˣ˵Щʲôķ£ҵġ

ʺΪ㣬ˡ
ۼ⸱ӣֻþŭӿһ
ʺܵغһײ˴ܡ
۵ͷ磬ҪǲףҾ͸ѻ˵ס

񣬲ϱٷˣǻʺˡ
£һʺӣ³
Ų۶ŷʺ۾ظǾͻܳĻʺ󡣡

ʵ۷ȥ
ʺڴʹޡ
׿˵ϲӣһӲҪ䡣
û䣬ȫء

ʵĸ׺ɩȰΣҪЩСԶ˵ǻʺˣҪиʺӡ
ֻ
ֲʲӻʺģǰںӶðҲʳΣΪʲôһҪǣһҪʵء
ֵعСѽ
ʺᣬʪ˱벻ףΪʲôһжòһˡ

ȴûȥκһӴǻǬ幬
޹иĪꡣü۾£С͵ʱ򣬶Ҫѷһ֡
ССھӣССһͽԟR鷿

ʱСҪ˵ӵĻҲҪӵ£ڴҵһƯޱٶ۵ĺӡ
òԽԽƯҲ֣Сܡֹޱô򵥡
Ըӻ͸ķӦԱҪģرӵ¼⡣
Ҳڵɵĵز϶Ӹ˱ЩġΪһͨˣҪر𱿵ˡ

⣬ڴﶼ⡣
СޱҲ۵ʳֻǬ幬Ŵ۵ѡԼҲûϵȻС֡
֮۰ߡͣҲ֮ܳʱ

ۻصǬ幬ϴˣߣС
ϴøɸɾСˣ˴۵ĻԻʵЦÿġ
Щ꣬ڻʵߣһֱúܺáÿ˶ҪȥϲʵۣģȫȫϲŻʵۡ

ԟRĿСڻУԼҲ˿
һ쵽ҪܶˡˣˣˣŮˣˣˣˡ
ֱڣСˣеԼ
ʵۣʵһ۵顣

صԼĸ
ۡǰǸǼҵţͱţ
ţ˼Ժ;ӪϽţⷿ˽ƣ۰ţլӱ͸
լӵϿ̵ǣ

ڴֿ˿ңŽš
Сδ빬
ԻλԺ󣬸ͺ⼸Ҫ̤šСӱȿ˳£ڼﴦЩ¡

ŵңС㿪ĵӭ磡
Ŵ֯ķԣü۶Цѹѹס˷ܡ
ͨС¶ֱ飬ʲô£û¡

һѾоˣʲô£
Сüɫ衣
磬ֵĳϢˣС˵ţˣ˸Ůˡ
ס






138.   138    

138 

ϴϴ˺ܳʱ䡣
⸮ۡﴦ͸ҵϢϷľ˼ҵ, ˺ĳӣˮͭܣʱʱܱ̿ˮص¶ȡ
Щʩݳ޵ĳ̶˻ʹ

һ
ʵҪݳһ, ɣŻʵ١ʵǾ˳ǿӲģĳ, ԼǮֶΣʱݳޡ
ʵ, ݳޣӵĭ絽, Ҳֻűɡ
Ԫ˵۱Ļʵۣλʱ, ĳΪ⡣

зǰʵǸһõ£派۰ѳϴһ顣
ҵʱܿ, ЩһȻɻʵ۲ҵˣԼļεһӻ, ΥԽ
ʱԪ˵۱һֱš١

Һİϴ˺ܾá
Ӿܻ֮ԼζԺܰϴ, ҲܰѬ㡣
߳ӣ̺ҲǾСࡣ

ҲЩѾ͸, ģǾĺӡ
Ծֻͬ˿ֻͬŲͬࡣ
һ, һϴʱҲǾĸһϴҲĬزǻһ

Ͽ, ߳С
ŮѾϴɾˣڴߣŵվ
òʲһǴҹ㣬ˡ

ȻˡСѾˡлǻԱɣĴְ
ǸżһΣŮˣòѡ͵ʲôȻš
˵ʱãó˺

лС֪˴ʲôطҲ֪ʲôˡ
һ࣬ʲô˵ĺԺһЩŮһţóԺúȣдֲˣҲˣǱƯƯ״̬
еŮСԺȥһҹ֮Żֻᡣ
еŮȥûл
һ죬ѡ˵۾ɨһ飬
Ưûƹϡá

㱻͵ˡ
֪˭ĸ֪ۡʲôˡ
ֻ֮󣬼һƯò񻰵̫꣬ƯˡлСҲǾˣһӴװ֪ˡ
Ư˿ЦԺ󣬺úźҸ硣
﹫ʲôģܱ˽С硱һϣˡ
͸ˡ

лСվ
̧ۿȥȴһʮӢˡϴ裬ȿ㣬½ţ¶ʵļ⡣
ˣ 
ǵģˡ

úÿ˳ڵһ۱˴øУ׽У߰ȫУ˲Ծر˾衣
лСûУһ㱻סˡ
ʶˣȴ˴أ޿ˡֻܽӲţǸһһ߽

ߵлСǰͷ
ͣŵ۽΢΢ţǼҲСϸǲһġ
ȥսľᡣ
ϴúܸɾû֬ͷ͵ζֻһֵ㡣Ůӵ㡣
ŮˣһʲôĴڣʲôζ

꣬סҵĸǰ˰֮ȹĸ־ȹʹĽ顣
ҵкھٵף硣һ䣬㿪ʼ궯
ֻܵúϸ񣬲ȥ¥ӣҲµİӡ
¼ѹŮңңҲܹ˵

ƫС꣬еõȡǿɣЩ궯ҹߡ
ǳЦһأ͵͵ȥ˻ػơʵʲôҲûȥʶѣ֪˶û˵ʲôкӼ
ﻹʹһ١

ŭӸǰûԺˣٸȥ̻Ҵ㣡
û취ֻܹϴҲȥˣԺ¼ҵá
ˣϴ°鳣ڵϴ
㣬ȫġǼҵӣȫһˡ˵ҹϣŴˣöԵġ

ϧûиĸȴ
ֱ˹̵ʱ򣬶֪Ů˵ʲôζ
ǣһ¥˯һ潸֪ŮʲôζپҲûôޡ
Ļʧȥˣһȫˡ

ϧûС
֪Ů˵ζʧȥ˵ʸÿ쳤վãҹ˾ʱԹޱںҹ̳
ֻޣϲԼϣҪأ

ָ̧֣ز˲лСգǲͬ˵۴С
Ǿȫûˡ泹ûˣЃ̣ʲôҪҹŮʳ
ȻеģֻǰȷĳڡײһͷޣƣȴҲ·
֪ʱЩԹ޺;һ𣬻˺ɫҰ޲
ţҹš

ʣʲô֡
лСԼ֣Ѿû塣ڻСԺµ֡
΢ݺݺݺ
ƽ˳һ

ʣ֪ʲô𣿡
֪ˡ
лС̲ס̧ۡ
ãһ㱻۾ס
ûôľ룬һ˫۾ô塣˶ٵԹͺ񣬶Ͷϡ

Ǹ˵ָաлС㼦Ƥ˺󾱣־Ȼ
󡢴ˣ־ᷢ󡭡
㡱ֻû˵Ѿס
һ˲˫˵ڿգصˤڴϣסǯһ
лСץס󣬾ֵۡ

ӢϷвơ
Ůˡૡ
лС·𿴵˺ɫɢҪЮƵġ
̣󺰡ս
۾ڣſҪϢŮӡ

ۣ·걻˸ʹƵĴϣ󶼱סҧľƳǵι״˿־塣
ߴֲڵˮʹͻȻ
ʹǴǻֱӷġ̫Ƕľ

Һûȥˣˡ
ͷ亹治
ܺˮʵòеʱ򣬴øɾĲմˮ촽մͷ
ЩΪˣԭһֱڼһÿһϸڶޱȡ·Ƕ˶ᵽηɵݷùζоҰǽ͵͵ؿ޵

ܽʳˣ㣬׹Ů
壬˵ˡ
һֽ˻飬ûԥǩԼ֣ӡ
ǳ˱˵ӡ
һʩеķʽ壬ռʽ

Ұͻ̫ã˻Ҫ
£޴β
УͷųͷҰޡ
лС㼸Ϣڿ־Ԩظܵıƽ






139.   139    ۡ

139 

Ǹϲ, С뿴֣ԴС࣬Լ档
ʱͦõ, ˯ˣˣ, Цؽȥˣȥס
·վڴ, ɫ磽֮ɡ෴, ӳҪɱˡ

̧С, üͷ
Сôˣûźҽġ
ɫ˵и򡣡
Сһ, 첽ȥÿ߽￴һۣ˿鸴ӵؿ˻һ, ŲҴҵسȥˡ

ÿӽȥڴƬ̣¡
лСһΪԼҪ, ׻ǻŵġ
֣££ҵͷ, ¶԰׵
𣿡ʣ

лС΢΢۾ֽ, ĸ򣬿־·ʡ
ջ, ϣڴŽµĽֻ̤ǣſ
ãݺݵش˴

ԺкܶˣԼĴ򡣻˼Ժţҵ𣬼̳һС
ܿˣҩ䣬һԲ˴ʡ
ߣСֱ۴ȶſ迿ء
һĹ򣬴ҩ䣬ֳˣ㱨޴󰭣ǵ

ԺĴʶ㣬û¶κɫҩŲʱСЩ
Ųˡ
˵Ųãܶˡ

С࣬СѾͷôôҩչ˺ת뿪ҡ
Сȥ
˼䷿齣Ŀ
Сôأ

û
Сŵ㰡Ů˸ǲһ
Ȼ۾ȴǡܲһ
֪Ůʲôˡ


ڡ

кܶᡣ

Сɫʣź𣿡
ȻԼһ衣
СԼʲôСĵʣ磬ǰŮ𣿾֮ǰ
̧۷

Сˡ
ŬŬ죬룬ҪȻźһذɡ

ҪҪС㬣ҿм֡

ֵܣͲ¡
һлСˡ
㲻и¿ˣ£ء
㵱취鷿
ʱֲڣ鷿ʲôǰ̣⣬˲ϲˣ͸ˡֻһǰ̡С±ãǡ෴ó֪ζ

ȱֻһȲ衣
Сû취£û׳ԲĥĥݺݺˣҺúõ/źˡʱ֪жˡ
ȴá

ۣˣ߰ɡ
Сȥģ
㿴Ű졣
Сյô죿㵹³̡

Ĭãܲסҡ
һء֣ԼģžŪˡ
߰ɡ˵

СյԽŵ㰡ܿ𣿡
ûȥʱ򣬿ˡǵû磽⣬룬Ȼ磽ⲻȥ
ֻȥ
ҵйĿڣ̰ȴ̫ó壬ֻ

ðɡŵȷøʲôƵġС̾Ⱥڣ취ɡ
һУҵеġǸûУķ£ܵܵ岻ݴǵù
ûоֻܾɬͶשذϡ

ǵشȻдۡ߹Ŀٶȴʡ
¼֪Ϣ
°ǧ￴ۡǧİٻȡţ¹۷׷ףɵˡ

ɶһ顣
ȷһ飬㡣°ֻ۾˵
ɸޥļױ˵ˣĸүǰţ°صʱûס
үʲô̫ˣССٻңǵȴֻѸʮ˼ҹܺþУùܾǴ˭˭£ǧİžСġ

ĶҲݡǧھйϵ⵵ڣȥ˾Ǳ
°صϹǺķǧ
ܹͷϻиˣøʲôˡ

صԼңϢһ˵Ҳɵˡ
Ϊţ˼ʮˣܼ˲ֹ֪Сҹ䡣
ɾţôģ
ˡ

ֵŸ̾죬ɵ±šҿɸǰĵģ¹պô۶ȥմ
ɵʲôմġ
°صҲɩ˵ˣҲϱᡣ
ɵɶ֪֪˶ΪǰǼȫûˡ

ϵļ¾͸ûˡԵҲǡ
ÿ˶ԼӣԼķԼԼޡ
һٻѾԶ˵ĹŮʮǰһ׮׵δ򣬳֪Լˣ˭ǵ

á°ظпҶͦãͦáҲúãҲúã˶ӣӾʮȫʮˡ
ĬȻҪǰɼܻͺˡ
ֵܶʪ۾
ḡСܣˣҲʬ

°ĨĨ۾ˣˣǻزˡȥұ˵һɼӢѻˣһۼҵķء
ɵǡ
δɻȥ벻ءν飬Ӷ߳ù
ֻҶɼҵӢﱾлԼֻҪǰʽˡҵ߹ˣһֱ¼һɼܻϵա
ֻȥû塣ɼţûˡ
ˡ

ۡ²ŵຼ
½仹ڶǣÿµۡǶҪ¼оġ⼸꣬±䶯ۻңǽš

ţȻˣϢϡ
һҲ׷ۣ۵Ķǻֻ֪֡Ǵǰʵ۵ĸ̫ƽ
ֻ˲ƽ£ֻ¸ѣ컹ȥ졣ԼݣУʮֵ͵ñ˽ԼĹȥ

ã½򸾻ûТҲ̤ࡣ
ڼҹԼͿ̤ࡣ
¯ʳֻҪȾƣͲ֣ܹǵóԷΪТҲ԰һԼʹ
ңܽȦԼҵԺǽ

½˱ŭ[[ޥֲ衣ǰĹŷˣܶǺ決Ĳ裬ˮһ弴ɣʮַ㡣
ֻ½˺ޥլ˵Щûʲôʵ;ĶȴǴʱֶΡ
ޥַ̬ţ˵˭֪½ٷ˾ǸŮΪ½˵׹Ůء
òʵĶ

ϱ˺Ų裬ŭ[[ɺҽֵ¡
[[Ѿˣ½ȥ͸ʶ֣ʶü죬ǵҲá˵½Сʱһģһȫȫ̳½˵ĺͷԡ
½ʮźǸкá

ʵޥԭ[[Щ뷨Сʱ򣬾Ǵ꿪ʼġ
[[ȻһԺӣޥҲһ뿪ʼ[[ǡ
ֻ£ôడŮӣõĺݵģǸΧ

·ȻܺݵҲȫաޥССͣȫһȻ
ֻڣຼ½ңĸí[[һһʱذء
ܵģ

½Ϊ˳üûޥ˵
ƢۼҲ˵ˣͣͶƢ
ȫҶû취һƢ½͸ϽܵԼ鷿ȥ½ǰҲֲ˺ãȫֻޥܺסֻЭ[[Ƣ

Ϊŭ[[£½˺üޥ˵
ޥ˺üźӦٲЭ[[䡣
½ΧøŮ䣬ҲȷǲܵġޥҲԹ˭[[壬[[̳½Ҷ˵ĺӣȴû̳·˺ޥĺýǡ
ǸҪ츳ҲҪ๦ܳɼ£˭[[ǲܵġ
ޥշˡ

½ƢƽϢ֮СģŲ£㡣[[ѧʲôãຼļΪ½ŮṦȢô
ΪŮվҲǹޡ
ޥ̾Ҳǡ

±ȥˣʹϱţ[[ˣý뿪ˡ
½ݼҶкӸ̫ãкŮһͣкӱҪȥԺ飬ɸ׽̵Ůĸ׽̵Ҫȥ˼ҵģøɫһλ裬С̵һȥ˼ҡ

ϱ£һ½ţУһ׮׮һЩ֪ܽĴ󰸡ҪѾˣǶ֪ġ
治֪˶ҵ˶޹

ޥ˵ŻǱżֻƬƮҲû⡣
ֻŲ裬һƮ˶
ޥסתͷȥ
ɷڼ˵Ѿʼ˵ȥܹ𸴵ˡ







140.   140    

140 

ޥϻǾһ½, ͷʣ·һջģ
½ڴϣͷһ˯ǰ飺𣿡
ޥֶס, ظһ飺㣿ǡ

ˡ½ҳţǰƽ, ǽص̫ࡣᶽԺ£ŹǷ񡢾ر;Ӫǽصڹ١

˵, ǵ
Ҹ磬ߵһ

½Ƥ𣿡
ûʲôޥ, Ÿ׺һֱţ󡭡
½ʧЦ, Ҳ֪ˣһֱţ󡣲ţȷʵ̫ҵ, ҲֵһֻǰҶɻ䣬, ʶ˸ʹɡ

޶ţŴǵͭڴߵˮ¯ϡ¯зһ˿̿, ޳һֱʹͭеˮ¶ȡϻëҹ, ֱӱá
źˮ裬̧ۡ

½ڴ½볨, ͷüۿ顣
촽ǡ
һǾĶǡ
Ͻ, Ҵ˳ȥ
ŵʱ½΢Ƶߴ٣ޥޥ

ॣźϡץţͷϡ
ã³һ
ֵҹ˯ڴμϡ¹⣬оԹۡ
ʮŮഺ˾϶࿴һأ

ǰСʱֻúÿʮ˼ˣĿ̲ס
ʮˣ涮ķ绪
ÿΣܴ𴺳ӿʱţţšעĿڴοơ˯

ֻǶΣ¹ڲ£չӲͣ
϶࿴һۣҲԸ
ʱҲ̲ס룬Ҳܣڹｿ󣬻᲻ܼ޸Ĺӣ
ֻڶˡǸū澣Ҷٷ˵Ѿͷүһ༿óȥ͡
䵽ǲأֻˡ

һղֵߺȻˣȥޥٵַ˵ʵҸ
ҵģǰԺ̺أʲôܹ˵䵱µˡ
˵£ǲֱͨͨ˵ģصиýм䡣ǵʱûУºҲòһýˡ

Ȼ˵ýǶһݹģҲ֪֪ף㿴ڹߺгϢģ꣬䡣Ҫúãȥ˵
Ҳˣʮ꣬ޥǰһѾͷ궩£귢ޡġ

ȴֻͷ˵
˲ͬЩֵļ֡ӡ÷ʱСʱ򴦵óˣҲܰݡ½Ѿͷ΢ʡ
ֻԺѾͷΨһѾͷҲŲ˵ʲô
ޥĶݣȴʼո˭׽ȲߡӺ÷㣬ƶȲϡ

ӣǲԸˡû취ûԵҲû취͵ûԺҸôദôദ
ŵ˾䣺ͨɩˡ

ȥޥ˵ˡ
ޥԸ⣬Ҳû취ͷٿﻹûкʵ˸˵ֱͨͨġ
㻹Ǵǰ

ԲһȦŸ̬üۼԿӹҲġ
ޥЦüˡ
Ѿͷ˼ϸӸһ㶼ĥƤȥع¡
عϱߵĶӣһˣʷֵؿɰ
߲üЦˡ

ȥҵ˵ˣҵҲʧֻˡ
ߵʵ𲻴ġ
ޥһѾͷʮˣҲʮڿܸɣҵﶼǸˡ
ҵĵұġ

ƫԼе䡣
жɫ𣿲ûС
½ңҲһͨѾͷʶ֣㡣
Ѿͷ½Һܶ࣬ѧʣÿͬѾͷָͷü

ֻ¼ҵʱ俴ôڲͬ
ʱѾʮˡСʮĳףʮҲСˡէһԵĴֲѾͷһľѾͷͼˡ
½ңȻˣֻȴʼǲһġ

½ҵѾͷʮ߶ףʮ/ŷޡȵڣֺò˵ҵģҵĲȥ̽ڷ硣
ȻˡҵһҲ⡣
Сӣ롣
۾￴ŵ˭׵ġ

ˣޥ˻һźİΡ
һһ֪ͨˣ䷢ûϵֵҹ
ʣֳʡֻصһĬĬᡣ
ֻ֬һȰ䣬Ҳûʲôá

˱㳶֬һȥʲôѽ
֬Ҳ׵ģһģվ̡
˵ͣǵһɧ
֬̾ҲȥȰˡ
Եöˡ
ûãҵΪĵͬˣԼʮ˷ޡ
ߵöȴʼĸЬӡ˸ģŹӳţЬӡ

һգޥȴѾͷˡ
ޥȻôˣ
ǼõĴҽÿ˶׳ƽЩ¶õĸţ½ңޥǵĸ
ûаź

Ѿͷͷǣүġ 
ޥĬһ¡
Ѿͷ̧ͷ
ޥɡ

ǸӶ˵ͷӣźš
ϲ½λٷˡຼ˼ҸŮҪһλ½ٷ˵һؼʱ򣬱ⲻǷ𣿺ˣҸˡ
㲻ӡ

ʵӣԺָҲе׼ȷһҽ¡ҽҽ£Ůȥϸ˼γ˶ҽߵĲΣ
½ٷȴǸˬˡϲ

ո˿úܡʲôѪҪ
һ俵ޥʧˡ
ʲô׵ģ½үԼϱǿʲô
һǿз񡣶أլ꣬Ƶģǵģڸϱʩѹ

򹫹ֱʵϱȥֻܱظϱʩѹ
绳ϣߡͨ檣㿴Ű졣
Ҷ׵ġ

ޥ򡭡
һȴ˵
׵úܣ˿û⡣£Ե֣Եֵˣͺˡ
Եһֱ
½ҴС㶼ˣ½ٷ˻ûлϹڶ̥Թ½үż

ߺޥһֱԴڷУ֪˯ˡ
صݣﶼڣܵû졣·кܶྰɫܶˣһǧߵˣѵ˷ӣһ첻µز¡
ѽ

ɺȻͻ谵ͳһֱͣһֱ͡͵ֱֻô
һӾˣɫѾˡѾ߲֪ʱ˱̺ԭǿ˯ˡ
ۣ˵ƣ𣬻ģ˵ķ羰

½˫ˮ鿻صԺ㿴ģ
УüģԶɽûЦ
½˶٣߹ȥԱߣˣ

ȫҶ֪ˡ
ޥšһ
½ʣô˵
ޥǰһ
Ǿǿˡ½ȿͱҳԶѧꡣ

ҲֻһŮҲ֪Ūҩԡ
֮¶ˣѪͣ˴򣬺úõһŵ

½ֺֻޣؼʹġĸס˵԰ɣһء
ųԵġ
ݼŮڼ÷ǳã´Ҳʹ֪ڷһأ˸ʹë

ޥӦá
½츸׽ҹȥ˵
ʵǽйȥ˵Ǻߺ½½ȥ˵ҪѾͷ

ͣҴǡ
Ӿ͸ҡ
½רıأðɡ
½ϴ󲻸ˣϱԸ𣿡
½üұޥʲô£
½ӣҶȦӡ֪˵ʲô㶼ʮˣû𡣡

£ڿģʮ궼Ե游ˡ
½Ķ磬ʮӣ½żƺ
ûжӵļұǾһ˸½󣬲֪˫۾ء

½ֻЦǼҸۺ죬ҲһˡжӣЩ˱ܷЩ˼ȥʮɩôͺȻ벻Ŷˣʮֶȥ˺üˣҲûʮɩѳ
ѸͶһһ˾طʲƣ˹
ԾжҲһġ

ûжӣû̡½˵ҸϽȡùҪ±ˣġ
˦ˡ
½˵ƿԣջҵطһ£ȻǲеģȻһ䳰ȷ
֮Ҳ˵ˡ

츸׽ҹȥ˵½רı괺ǣǱصһеģڲܷġ

ȥǽҪģרĶ
ޥŵġ

֣ס½֣¶΢Ц
½Ҳ΢ЦչȥöͷĶͷһ¡
ᣬұ㲻ᣬ롣
ᣬұ㲻ᣬ롣

վԺͶڴ˶ͷֵļӰ
ճյء





141.   141    Ҷ

141 

ԺᶽԺ, ҼԺʹ˴Ժߣǧ·ۡ˸޴ӵ֪İߡ
һһţ̨, Ժʹ˴߶ˡȻμԺš

֮£ŵ˷ֱԺʹ
Զԣ⳼ȽϤǵμԺʹǸ, ˵ҲǴӽ߳ģǻܡ

Ǹǳ, ͿǳĿ֬Ŵķھ, ǿҲгԵġ
ȴ֪, òϳһͷɾЦ, һλȴǶܶһӵ

⳼򽻵, ܶġƩ
λʱ򣬴һĵף͵ñȽϱء, ʯ鱦
¹ٶǮ, Щǿ϶ġ
϶ȳзһλ̽أ˸˹ȥ

ʹ˴
ұղ, ˣȻˡ
ǰӵŮ, ԼƵġ
ͣ

Ժĸ˺üλˡ
ٺʹ͸Щڷָ˷
õϢ˲
ҲЦţһ·ţûʮ檣ѵ۰𣿡

ܵţ󣬱㲻ⳣһʮ檡ʵϣֻоǵһЩ˲֪ţʮ檲ǹ̶ˡ
ֻţЩ񱣬ִţ檵һֱʮ
һֱǱ䶯ġţ檣ĺܸߡ
Ҷ֪˸ţ񣬳ˡ

һҲڡ
λӵˣɱ̫࣬㲻أЩܵиȥ
ֻϧЩˡ

ʹȸָ˷򣬱϶Ըӭϡ
Ǵۼصˣʵۼ˭˱ʵ۵ۣ֮谭ʲô£±㱻ѹƽȥ
ӻʵõЩʲô߻·á

һСһŮ˵ķС
Ůȥȥûµġ
Ůˣ;һЩͬʮģһֲͬѰļᶨ
ϣϤϢ

ūҶòֻϣڽ̤ϣŻ˼סūֺūˣϣܼǵūϵġ
һֻŲڴϣϥϣͷ
ūԺӵĹԺӵĹ۹Ϊÿ졣

ҵĴϣûŮˡ
ҶƣūδˣҲūϧһūҲ
֪ΪʲôойϤϢˡ
ϢƴֻܺһڿҲȥһļ֡
һ

ҶַŵϥϣҲ˹ȥ
ˣĹأ򡮻ūܲסʱ˵Ѵͣ֡ʣʲô
򡰻зִ磬й
㹻һǮԾˡ

ͼ
ֻԽҶ˵һƥͨҸ¡ͨЦӭˡ
ԺȴԵԺǲһģԺרΪõĿġҶĽǣ̫ˡ

ܲסˣ˵ã̧۾
Ҷūסˡ
һɣÿԼ趨
һ̣ϵĿ˻ѡһԼĴʡ
ԡʲô˼أ
ȷԼʣͻͣ

ҶȥĿסָǯһǯͷۡ
Ҷջ֣´Լ·
ıа߲ĺۼǴǰ/̡µ˺ۡ

Щ˺ۣܸоݺб͹
ʣкܶ𣿡
Ҷͦġ
ʣʲôأ
ҶЦЦʲô˶еġжˣҲֳģҲпɾƵ˶еٵģҲо̵ġɫ˶С

ԭôһˡ
һ
ӷ£סһС

СȲ衣
ﻹһѾͷԺӵı䣬һһѾͷ
Ѿͷҩ䣬һľȻ
ڻ˵ʱСһľȻѾͷȥɡ
ѾͷվವرܽȥˣһƵġ

İѾͷҲѾͷҩ䣬ʣѾͷ
Ѿͷ֡ˡ־壬̧ͷӣֻ۵ͷ
˵ȥ

Ѿͷ˴ʡ
ʣҪд𣿡
Ѿͷƣãܴ
ͷŲߡ
ȥˡ

С涶ȵȻ
С̧һ
½󣬲ǰкüۼȴչģһַɺ㡣
ڣ

Сӳˡ
ˣʵס빬Ůʳģú棬ɾͿԿˡ
ƫϱ˴档
ƫ
ҲûУڹǸλ̫࣬ǿѹλĹ𡣻߸Ϣ˹⣬Լ

ƫûо顣ķĶûС
·û˴ţԼͿĿ
ҵʵˡ
ȻǵмֲС

СҲˣֿЦ𣿡
£ź󾱣һ²ͼ򡣵ȷܵ˫صɡ
¡˵ŸԺӡ
Ůͽ㿴ŰУ͵ǰˡ

Ǹ˴ӷ뿪Ѿͷɿס֣ứصҩ䣬ֽظĹҩ
ޣ˻ʲôޣ˻ȥҶ˵ңˡ˻㣡ٿޡⲻ𣡡

Ѿͷ֣ܿϺҩιҶˮ
ҶŴ˺ܾõ˵ƽ˳Щˡ
ǸÿˡЩ˵ģºзִ硣
ҶȻ֪µķִ磬ҲǾݺݺࡢءӨӨǲֵŮ֮󣬲ƽ㡣
ҪǶ˵ҶĻá

һͣˡ˵õġ
¿˵ĵһΣûеޣҪһ°ÿ˽һͣĹ

Ѿͷ˵ֻǵᡣ
ѾͷֽСӣҶĵһˡֻЩﶼûˡ
һʼзִĿˣһһյأֻԽԽԽԽܿԼ
Ұ޳Ѫ

ҶûаѻİСӡ
̫Ҫˡ
ʲô
ͣĽӡ
ʧʱı

źʱ̵Ȼɿˡ
֪ʲô˼

˳˵Т꣬ʵҪضʮ߸¡˼ң̵ʮ¡
½ûҪһˣ£Ҫʮ߸£źÿ½Т

꣬ŵĻ뾩ȥ߶ˡ
ʦʦûˣҲǹùԪһĽʿû̵ĺӡ
ڻͬ꣬½ˣ½˵סٳϵЩϵһģ·ߡ

Ľǿɡ
ʵڽϣȥȪĵطոȥ˿⸮֪ͬ
ϰǸط
½΢ź

ô룬ɥĸɥعˣԺٲ趡ˡҲûϵӰ٣Ժ;˳ˡ
õίΣѾ˹ȥ⸮ɫլԺ
Ҳʼʰֻ³ȥ

¶˳ˣֻϲ˿ġ
ɵӷšҲֱȥ˵ϱ½ﵱ˵½ɫɫʲôʵѾͷ
Ȼ½һ䡰鷿Ѿͷ𡱣ŭʵѾ͸˼

½˽ЩѾͷǡ
Դ˴Ӵĺӣˣʤ޸ūͣӴӻϵһ𣬱㱻˵ĲƲӡ

ޥ½õЩϢ
˫ˮмѾͷ½ˡ
ʲôҲû˵
޼һĬᣬѹ֡

һ귿֮½Ҫ˳ޥס
½㱧ң㣬˱˺ܾá
۾ںڰнǸɡ
̾Ϣ
ʱҲԼĶ

ֻ˭벻ƽģȴ½ˡ
ʱģһܰɺ¡






142.   142    ת

142 

½ʵǺ½һӡ
ƺȻؾöϱ, ö檾ܽһС
½˴ʼնûôĵ϶, [[½ΨһѪ
߼סģޥĲУҲ֤ȷ

߼֪ĵˡ
ΪϷ˵Ĵ, Ƕزٶκ˵ⷬۡ
ΪǡԷѽ
˭š
Ů˶ֻǴ

½ڸһϣ׶, ƢпƲסı꣬ʱԻѹԡ
ȻҲ, ȴûãûס½һء
½վ, һ׷ԷԼĶӡ
, ӣ̥, ûɵСȥȥѾǣƤԶƽǡ
һ, չʾһʲôʵأ

ϣףЩ, ܸŮ˵⡣
ϣϣ˺һʵϣĶ֧, һڱ˼ʮܴǻ³
ϧջʧˡ
Ķ, ˰

½ǴһУĸ˵ΪһΡ
Ҳû˵һֱТ˳ϣܹÿЩ
ǶǺ£ڵǰ½½ҪĶпƲסӿŭ⡣

ĸ˵ʲôطʣ˵ӣ˵𣿡
ǬŮŮ˾֮칤컯ɡ
Һĸ׶ͨЩ֮᪻һҽдˣ念ȴ޷Ůеģ
ĸЩҪʹ֪½һݼңеˣ

½һĸǰȥ
Լĸףһֱ𾴣ͣͬ飬ϧ֧֡
ǵһأŷ½˺ԭȻĺ蹵
ĸףȻһֱĿע½˵
½ʵڲţŭ
ĹٰǸŮˣҲܷ̤ŵߣðеˡ

½ŭⷭ
ڰ·ͣ˽Ųת˫ˮ鿣ǻȥԺ
˰ʹȥӣ˫ˮ鿡

⻰ޥ̧ͷ
½½鷿Ѳһ½˫ˮ鿡еļΣãƳ̸ߡ

ȻҪһô¡
ܿǺͷ˲֪˵ʲô˵뿪ʱŭģֱӻˮȥ

ŭ塱ʣޥĲ½ϡ
½ĹĹĺǼõġ˽ʱرǿҵ¶˿
˺ܽġ

ţ˵ҹȥһ˿Ȼ֬ſ̽ͷ
䶼ˣ͸ֵ֬ᵽޥǰˡȱѾͷƣޥǰġ
֬ޥ㺰ôˣ

֬ͷԥԥġ
ޥ졣
ˣأл˵˵顣
֬ҧҧ촽ͷŵѣˡ

оһ˲
ȥ˫ˮˣǰɡޥ
ʮƶֻ֬ͷĬˡ
ͺڣ粻֬˵˽͵͵Ҳȹӷɱȥ
ڡ

ֻӲͷƤʣǡȥ𣿡
ȥޥվһ㣬Ϊʲôȥ֬ȥõ
ޥȥ˫ˮ鿡

·ϣһֱ
֪ɣԺӾͻѡ벫һ
Ѿ˱˵׵ʱˣû䣬˵ͱˡ

ԼѾΪūͣΪū澣޷֮գվǲԼĺﶼΪūġ
Լһޡ
õĹ޾Ǹ½檡
ıˣķţγ
ս̣ǿԼľġ

˫ˮ鿹˼壬Ȼˮߡ
ˮ㿴Ӷ֧һббسͷںȾơ
žţǷ̬˿Ʋۡ
ճյؿһһ̤۵ľš

ģܿҲҪ뿪Ժˡ
䣬ԥһ¡ÿԵģµ̫˲á
Ƿ˷źģÿ춼ҪġҪǣǷ˵Ѿߡ򷢳ȥǼһ
Ѿߵϵ˵ͦҪġȥӣˡ
˵ȥ

½λξյ̧۾
䣬۾
Сأѷϣӵվӳðɣˡ

ѾͷޥѾͷ
еɵûܹ½ѾϵͳġϸѵܲסԼ
ֻޥ޹ģ½

½ע⵽һʱ䣬ûڷֵҹˡ
ѾǵŰ࣬Զ˭˭ȻޥŵġҲǺϸĵҷˣ²˵͸ǡ
ЩķΧôͶ˫ˮ鿣

½ʣٷ𣿡
䴹ͷĬŲ˵
ԵˣĬˡ
½Եˡ
½Щ⣬Ŀȴٷģǣǣزǡ

һ飬ٷ˽𣿡䣬ص
Ӳ˲ڵǡ
ӴƵġ
⣬Ҷ֪ˣ֪ܲ
Ϊʲôһء

ǰһ¸ҵ£ҪΪԼΪӣΪﲫһ
ǣٷ˵Ѿߡ˵ʮˣųġ
Ǹū澣һӶǼ
ҵٷ

½ΪʲôǰѾ˼ѾͷѾͷײˡ
̡
̾ޥĳ
½Ҫӣޥ˭أ
½ͣϵ̸ڵļѾͷȻޥá
һʵ¡

½÷ǳꡣ
з굽̶ֳȵʱ
½˽˵Ļھףһֱ߻бȥ
仹᣺ӡ
ңĽӰ

½ѱоһ±վߵǰ
ûи½޴롣½Ŀ⣬̫䣬ɻ̡̻
½ۿ
ò㣬ƽƽѾͷֵ࿴һۡ

½ס°̧ϸҳʲô
ãһĨԹǿܿ
ĿȻͶ⡣

ޥվھϡ
һƬˮԶ
Ŀӣ˴ӡ

ʱû
ӵҹ
۾￴ʲôأ
ɡ
Ȼתȥ
죬̬ţάҸķǡ
һĸס

ӡʹ½̫ʹˡ
½ɿ֣һۡ
䱻һŵ
ܿ죬½ȥϴ衣

䱻޴ҸУЩѣɬصͷҴҵȥˡ
½תͷ⣬ҹ
ղˮ뵣ƹʣƮȻɣ·ҪƮȥ׷ĵطƵġ






143.   143    Ҫ

143 

, ·ʱЩŤ
ûΪôãʹռ˴ʱ䣬˶ֺ˷ܰš
ŵֻ, ˱ŵֱۣܸоԼ½ϢΧš
˹ˣ

Ժĵƹ, Ų˶٣ƽһ, ߹ȥ
ŵӿ⸴ӡ
䲻ں, ֱ߽ȥ
֬£޾, һ, ת
ܿˡ

վڽϣȵصסţˣ
ŵվԺ, ϸϸʣ˯𣿡
ûشȴʣ𣿡
û뵽ݵԺʳ⡣᷿ƺ۾ڿƵġ, 

Ҳͬ˵Ҫٷ, Ҫ
Ǵٷʵġ
ĬƬ̣ش𣺡ˡ
ͷʰһ¶, ȥ˫ˮ鿰ɡٷ˵ԺǱ߷̹ӡ

ү鷿ЩѾͷƵôء
ɫˣҼٷˣ
̫ѿ, תȥˡ
Ƭ̣Ŵ򿪣һֻµЬޥվڽϿ䡣
տյҹƮͷɢţǸԡꡣڵƻпرɾҲƽңԶ

ȥٷˣӽˣҡѾշˡ
һģȴᶨ
֪ˡޥͷʰᵽ˫ˮȥԺǱߺúźӡ

ˡ
ΪԺѾͷͨҲãҲãӦԺסڿԺ
ͬˣѾߡͨǸðޥ½ޥԺﲻȥ𴦵ġΡ
ޥȥ˫ˮ鿣Ǹߡ

Ѿ߰Ǹū澰˳Ϊʲô
Ϊʲôޥݲأ

ޥŵƹµ䡣
ѧʣᱳʫ
½ң½˺½ָ²ѧϰѧʺܿ쳬ˡޥȻܿ͡
ΪСΪҲΪֻߺѾߣͬ½ҵѾߣޥ˵ǡˡ

˰
ޥεЦЦ
½˽ôãվǹĽ̵ˡ
û취ѱ˵˰

ǻˣϢϤˣޥû취̹Ȼغͱ˷Լɷġ
޷
˺ѡ
ǵģǶʡ
ˣôܲʡ
˶Ů˵Ҫ󣬿̵üֱЦ
д¡һһһ˫ˡʫʱȴעͨҼӸ輧Ů˶ˡ

ޥ俴ˣֱνġʡʱ򣬴ǰͷ󡢲⣬ͻȻɢȥˡ
һƬԵͨ͸

괺ǣҪĶ顣Ǳߺú̺Īҡƽصȥɡ
˵꣬½תطˡ

ĲҪˡ
ڵϣ
ʰһ°ɣͽȥ

Щʧǡ
ʮ𣬾ޥˡޥҪˣĵãȻֻȻ
ֱʰֽ̤ʵ
Ѿ˹ˣѾǹӵˣ¡
µġ

ʰðӺַǰԺˡ
ǰԺֹڵа˸ʹ͸ÿ̧һӡˣϴųݣ˻֣߰ɡ
㷸ϡ

˵ޥõﶼ͵˫ˮˣ½̧ۡ
ҿƴۡ
½ʣ˵ʲô𣿡
ҧ촽
½˵

˵ٷ˵һԵɣֻһ֡
ҰǸ˵½Ĳˮ˵ϣָմˮдǸ֡
ִͳһֽŵϣٷ˵ͨ빫ʾ¡
ֽչӡŵӡ˵ĻѺǱģ

ޥҪˣȫظ½
ǣĸյĹū澡
һ
˵ҪͲҪˣ

½ӣ˵ȥ
һ٣˵˸˳ȥˡ
ţæʣô˵
ʲôû˵ú÷̹Ӱɣһȥˡ
ָ͸½õս鷿Ȼ뿪ˡ
䣬ԼİãȻ

½棬ˮսɡ
һʡ֣ȥʧ˿
ôĵӡ½ૡ
ҳ϶ʡ
Ҫˣ

Դ˷־ӡ
ޥԺ½˫ˮ鿡
ƣǽҪĶ顣

ߵڶϢһ˹ȥ˵ˡ
߰ѺӶţҴȥԺޥյôţԺүͲһ鴦ôţôôأ
ޥ֪Ҿ󣬾ͱ˵Ĵ˵ùѽ

ǰݣǸӡ
ߺܾûޥ¶ˣЩַӦأ˹ү
Ҫ˵úţһԺ˶ĸƾӹأͲˡ

ߵ뷨İɣޥ롣
ҹȻǸ˰
ΪԼˣԭĲˡ
ˡ˵ܲˡ
Ȼ

½Ҳû뵽һʱ嶯˵Ƿ½һķӦ
·˶񴯣ŧˡ֮ǰװúõģûõģ⴯Ҫơ
ǻ£Լɷһֱ־ŵġЩҵǣҲǶסϷ๫ĳһء
ֻޥȡ

ֻǸū澡˵׼ʲôģ㵽֪֪
ԭǲ֪ġޥ˵ˡԭﻹİţû˵

¼ҼҵٱһѾͷȴޥŸСѾͷš½곤ЩЩ͸ˡ
ޥ򵥣ȴ½ĵҷˣǰͬ
佥ޥڵ塣

ޥʣĸ֪˰ɣ
½˵ţҺɨһۣˡ
ҷ˶ԵҷˣݸǧҲܱ˴ͨˡ
ʣ㵽ôġҪһʱ֮

һǹĸסޥĸ˵ܶΣؽԵЩŮ˵˿
֪֣ʶף߳ôǸء
ҪˣԼ뷨
ԣʵ˵ġ

½˾ޥ̫һˡ
⼸һֱޥԽԽˡϾһֽ̳ĺӡ
ޥֲˡ
ףԼ

½ȥ߶¡
ôһֱ־վ֡ҿ˰ɣǰûϵ⼸꿴Ƕֻϣһֱȥġ
ֵǺˡòģȥϹ˵˵Ҳǣһӿһء˵Ķԣٲ˵ˣ½ҡݼңеˡ
Ƕ侲һ£ǹˣԵУ٣Ҿͷޥȥ⻥֣޸޵úá

߶߶˵˺ܾãȴûһ䡣
ʹˣ߶½סĿԺܽʱԹ
ʱϣɹ̫˯
˯ʱӤô

½˵࣬ǻһ˯ˡ
ϵı̺ˣ˼ȴø̺ӡ½˸קק¸Ǻá
ϣʱֹˡ
½˿һɫˡ

ȥ̽̽ıϢ
ƤȣϢѾһ˿Ҳޡ
ϣɹϸ⣬޲ʹȥˡ
ޡ

½˶˺ܾá
ܾãЦˡ






144.   144    ɩɩ

144 

ҶҪϢ
뺰, ſȴ޷
ҪˣҪˣ

ץץץ, ץץּĹߣһ߬ס
ƴ, ĸһߣָһ, ͵ٹͷ

ָſ
˶ӣ·Ѫ, ź
Ȼɿˣ
Ҷ˵Żĺ, һڴڵغſ, λظеʹ

˽ҵغƬ̣ÿ, 뿪ˡ
СӷɱÿȲ鿴Ҷ顣
ϸϸĽպ뾱Ƥ, Ŀġ
һ㣡

СӸҶҩϲɴʱ, Ժ¡
ҶȴȻһ䣺ӦǸ
ջˣĲСû壺ʲô
Ҷҡҡͷ, ǣ˿ڣ

Сӷ£˵˵, Ϣɡ
Ҷ¶Ц
ÿζʱˣ˲һΡ
˵Ӿܹú

СֳȥȡҩۣҶﶢԼ֡
ϸµ˺ۣỹҪҩ
ӦǸ룬С֮ġ
䲻ȷ־һΡ
лл

ʧصúܿءСǳ˵һĿ˿졣
ôܺһ˱ȡҶ˵϶ɱܶ˵ģʮһˣҲûһء
Сʣа취𣿡
ûСҶ˵ˡ
ſ죬һڱСԲӡ

Ǹʳס϶Ǻܴ󷽣ʲôʲôֻҪᣬܵõ㡣
˵ҶСӾ԰ɹϸ⣬ķ磬ڳŰˮСԲӡ

з԰Ҫڳԡ
о˯˯
Ӿɹ̫
пĵ£û͸ϽЦ
ӣͶ࿴ۡ

ʹʹҶֻ֡ɤ˻ûã˻ź
Сһع
ҶЦʣԶŻ
ǰջءСˡأ
۽Ҷϲɴ
ѽҶЦУˡ

ͬһ£Ժµ˵ˡҲԿĵ˵ˡ
ֻʲô̬硣
СЦЦʹɡҾС

ҶˣϵسСʹÿ
СҲͷչرÿ
ĿѾתҪߣתͷЦżˣȻˡ
ɫûܱҸÿ

ıӰҶ̾ÿ
С˵ÿζҪ࿴ۡ
ҶأҪȻ

һЦ
ģõģģůģģϽ֮ӵɡ
ϧŵÿһ
˲Ų

С߽˲ˡ
ĽǶŴ裬档
źɫ˿£½¶š
ԱѾǸʱˡòŮΧȣĥָס

ˡ̧ۣô
СžͿʼѣͦ˳ģƤʵˡ
Ůǰѡ
СңȻլۡסǲֿġԻҲСļҡ
ؼˣȻѷɡ

ֻȴӻͳӹ棺µ˼ЩĳɫǾ˳ӱµʳ
˳ʱָʹ¹ٵǮʵˣԱĻˡ
ΰܻԪ˵λ꣬Ϊŭֱзǰźݺݵؿ˵

ˣطϾɵϰһʱĲݵ̰̰°Ϊŭ˺֣Ƥʵݣȴгͷ
ջ˳ӵη壬յţӽݴһԺսɣ˾⣬ֱӾͽʵ۵˽

һ̰٣ջģսٹ١
Դˣݴ̰Ϊ˹̶ģʽ˼Ժһֱ派¡
Ȼʵۺ޻ʵۣô˭˭أȻǻʵ۵߹ˡ
ѡʵ۵ĵ͵ʵ۱ˮĺޡ

ǿ׳ķ̧żӽڵϣƿλε˷
ĿͷǺӣ̧ȥˡ
̰٣˻ʵۣҲ˻
ɾ˻ʵ۵

С˷˦ЬӣҲ齡òŮ̹ȥɡ
Լɾôô
СŰıңղſ˳ң˵ָʾˣҸ˵СӲɿڡߺߣ»ǱۡʱСӶ˶಻ҿɶأߺߡ

ȻĶصˣҪʲôؽȻҪر
ȱ¾ȱǮա
Ͳ¡

ٳǲеģٳϽôƻ
ڹٳ֮⡣
һţڻʵֻۣڻʵһˡ
ҪʲôҲһʵҪɣκˡ
ֻûˡ

Ѫûû취
ƫ۶ԻΣκˡ
С˵£ĵЦ
Ц꣬˻֡
ŮǶȥ̧ۡ

ˣΪຼԱߣòԶҾ͹ȥһˡС˵˿ຼ½ҡ
һ漴ĿⶸȻ
С¡ϣ˳»Сǲµġ
ǣȥ¹ȥˡŵʱҴشϥϣһ߷ߣ벻֪

Ĭ˺ܾãʣú𣿡
õòˡСҴһ£ķຼ½ǳĶûͨûңĸִȰ

ˡ˵ˡ
ﲻ˵ѽСNɪ㲻𣿡

ͲСֱɵͷƭ˭أҸ˵ƭ˭ƭҡ˭

ھܶȥ꣬ȥ˿⣬Ҹ˵㶯ֽţ
￪ⰡҪ˵ֱӸһŪǲ𣿸Ƥӵ£뿴ܿ
ϣ⸮벻ʲôһҲʮءϲµģǣҸ֪ʱ򣬿ɰ㡣

Сȣְϥϡ
ܲеϢŭʣֵڵȨƣôҪͰŪʲôѵģ
ֵƴƴڵλãΪʲôܲΪίԼ
Ҫ֣찡Ұ£ʲôĵģ

̧۶С۾ű籩
֪һֱڿ
ȹúãԼӡȥ

СΪ˭һΪ㣡
վɫ½΢΢ͷƳСһۡ
Ǹ磬㾴ɩɩ
˵꣬ȥˡ

ɩ
ɩ
ɩ
СҪˣ
˼½Ϻ𣡲ǻϣ

С͵һͷɵֱҧָף
ֳͷҧָףֳַͷҧָס
ҪһַӰ¹Ūߣƫ

ȥˣԼһֻܡ
͵ҵŴ󺰣ҿ㣡
Ϳ㣡
ˣ

û
һȹţ㣬أڵĶޡ
ȫСӣţʽ
ụ̂๫Ϲ

·Ͽֱµġ
ٿСģҲӡ
ֻղźС˵ˣʶơ
һƵҲŽӡ
˹š






145.   145    

145 

žһ, ޵ڵϣˤˡ
[[ľ
ޥվڽֵڶͷ̧ͷ죬[[ľ, æȥ

ҵ𣿡£￴
ûС[[ҡͷֶ¿˿, ̧ͷ˵, 𣿡
ޥЦˣѽ, ֲˡֻˣʹ
[[˿

, ȥĸȥޥ̸Ľ衣
[[ȥ밲ȥĸ档
[[Լĸ׺ܡ
Ϊ½ĿǰΨһĺ, ½Ϊ˸ȫİ
ҲΪ½Ǹʫˣܸ[[ȤĹ, [[ϲܲŸҪ¡
ޥ΢Цͷá
[[ǣȥˡ

ԺЩңѾȥȥ
ຼˮ, ż죬ұɹ
, ½ϾҪ⸮ȥˣޥЩȥ, Щ¡

ͷ˿ˤѵޡ
ɫʾˣϸſóǸ̡
ޥʣģ
Ѿָӣ, ʰأһ

ޥߵȥⶼʲô
ͳһˡһҲɫʾޣӦú͸ղǸһԶ
Ѿ߿˿ӱţױĶ
ޥ죬ٰЩõһ죬ˣСʱĶѽ
ͳǸɫޣϸǸС

ޥСʱϲߡ
ݵͯǶôְ
ֻʱţЩ־ʾ˵ϣʹȥʲô
Ҷ֪ЩˡʧЦ˰ɣûˡӺúòɹɹù
ѾͷӦˣȥӶ

ޥվ졣
ѵõ죬̿ϴس졣
ڴǰ⸮
ʵһֱȥͬĵطͬķ羰ֻһ߱һꡣ
̫ˣߵˡڼУ̲סԹޡ
ѡ

ŮҲСЩ˼ңɷΪ٣ŲĻҲܸȥ
ֻܺźޣɷĸϥ¾Т
ɷؼ̽ףң庢
ټ裬ྴ
ѡ

ޥȥĵطǸŹԺ½ȡ˹˹٣Ը
½ԵȻҪԼͬҲôޥͦڴġ
ʵֻҪĿŵԶЬһ֮شתܿܶ羰ܰӹá
ֻʲôǡáʱȴѲͬڱʱ

Ϊԧץסŵ֡
ڸϲʱ̿գͨ͸
ĸĺã
Լúãˡ

[[ȥ˫ˮ鿣ڵӭ˳ˡء
ޥǰˣ[[СϤȥ
費ɫظˣЦҴȥǡæİɡ

俴Ŷˮȥ΢΢ͷ
ʲôæء˫ˮ˫ˮ鿵Ѿͷÿλˡ
һԱ

ޥ½Ҳô½û顣
½û¡
Ȼ˫ˮס£ȴȻһѾͷ
ûֵġ

ҹ͵͵޹ܶΡ
ܾ˫ˮ鿵ѾͷڰЦ
ֻԼѡ·ҧҲҪȥ
Ψһȷ·ֻ½Ĺޡֻи½ӣӲˡ
Ǵū͡
ūͣء

鷿½ںѾͷǽ顣
Ǽؼǰ⸮ˣǰҪһЩѣ
ѾͷصǣٷǱߣǽˡ
޷ҵȻޥš½ҪѣȻޥ
ͬڴǰֻмҪѾͷǰͷβڻ鹵ͨˡ

ޥ͵õʱ֤½ͷȥɡ
Ѿǲųȥ[[ˡ
~غſ˹ȥ

[[ʱ½½˵ﲻӣԼ˵Ļȫʻȥˡ
[[½˵ĸαҲ½ĸα
½¶ЦݣֽڻϥͷŮ겻ͬϯŮٴЩױ㲻ܱˣҪ౧

ڹˣأ
ʰԺӣɹ
Ŷæ𣿡
æЭ[[ȥҰ档
𣿡
ѽ˵ãþá
ǣãȷá

ŮճԻƽܰ
ѣҪȥĸ
ĸɺˡ[[ӸϥͷҸȥ
½ݸȥɡ

[[ˣŴ⡣
ˮ鿽ˮߣ鷿壬泯泯ˮ
Ľڰϣ鷿ˮϣ涼ϰϰɫ

ϣһƬˮϵĴ¶̨ԶңңԵǺͤ½˳ʱϱġ½鷿̧ͷܿ
ܿɽùիɽϣǰޥסɽϡ
򶫣ǾţۣԲͥԺӰֱͨ鷿

½ͤãתͷһ۾š
տա
صǰ£ȴ顣Ƭ̣룬ȡһ
ʱţԽԽ

һҳǡպ󣬴Щ̡߽
Ŀհҳ½պī˽յ顣

ʣ̲١ټҽǨæҡ
Ůߣ޲档
ˮ鿣
ҷ񣿡

ҷ
ǰǿ϶ġ
Ϊһֱ֪ġ
ӵǸŽһɫȹŴ۾ضŮ˵һ˲Ļɬƿ۾ʱ֪ˡ

ڣܿ϶ˡ



½±ʣīɡ
⾲Ͷֽϡ

Ȼǿҹ硣
ˮƽ̨ϴѬó㣬齼ȥΧźͤһ注
ҹɫƻ𣬼еļǱ㱧ͤ£ˮΪˮ¶̨ҹĿˡ

£곤ҲŹ½ͬˣݼұֵܣͩԺͬͬѧʦֵܣ֪ѣֻ顣
ŷĶˡ

ȾܵˮϹģһ㾫¡óŮӵġ
Ǹ̸ۣ˵Ц磬ҹ˽ˡ
ȴԸš

½һ´ټ꾩ʦˡ
ϡ
ҵ꣬Ҫ
½Կ϶⣬ⲻⲻһ
ЦЦ

ľ磬ÿ˾ˣǳɹľ硣
½΢Ц
Ҳ˾⣬ббϡ
Ǻ˾ķˣЬӶˣһ㡣
и߾پƺˮ㵹µģʪ½ֻЦ

½һ˵Цתͷȴ½̸Ůӡ
Ůȥȥһʼ飬ӨӨâʮˡֻʱһӨɢˡʣһտӣ̻񡣡

ֶŮӾ̣˵ΣӨӨâþ̻
⻰ʵˡ
½Ȼã˵ЩŮӣ˵ˡӿ˵ģ

ҲһʱӿʧԣæǸСˣ½֡
Ӿƺ׿ԡ½Ҳֺ֣ѣӿ˾⡣ͷһСۣȴޥ

ǸŮأ
ޣʱáۣʵֻܻ겻֪أҲָоˡ
ܾʹǰͬˡ

־Ŀ
һֱйġĸһʱŮӶӨӨй⣬Ȼ
ֻʱӨˡ

½۾
֪ǲǺȾƵԵʣؿںơ졣
ذܵĵط
Ŀڡ






146.   146    鴦

146 

Ų, Цɩ˵˸Ѿͷ
ӣ˼ݡϵ̸ڡһ, סܿΪķͷ֪ˡ

ոѾͷСһ½ոѾͷ, Щ档
ӵĶ嶼֪
½ѧò, һˣһֱסһ, ҹҹշ֪ɷжϱ
˸Ѿͷг¡

½ô˵, Ҷľ졣
ĶǸ½֮ˣٶ֪Щ
½ԵǸ, ᷢһֱЩ, ȻøѾͷ

һĴȵǾɫ
½ͷǣֻǸͨѾͷ
ȻšԽ˵˺档
˾, Щ, 壺ԣ˿ɻһ۷񣿡
½νɣֻǱʧ
ִӵȥ, 

ȥУ仹֣ȥʲô¶̨ﲻҹ
ƿû˵
ȥˡ
㱻˹ۿ
, ԭǸ档

䡣
ʱҲǹǧ𣬲šޥ棬Ȼš
Щ꣬½ûмʲôˡ
ƽۣ֮󶼽ôˡ
ֻͻСԺܶ

ǵĿһͶϣ//ӡ
Ȼʧˡ
ǸͨѾͷ
аҹӣȻòѾͷʲôû

ѾͷʵҲǿСˡ
ֻҵ̫ˡ½ʲôò飿֥ˡѵոѾͷ뷿ҵȻǸ߸ߵġ
һ֮£Ȼʧˡ

Ƿ׷ױʧ֮飬еָⶼ
Ƶ
ʧֲ֮½޵۹⾹һͨѾͷ׷׿ʼ뷢صŵ㡣
ƻģžغ£УȻҾ˵ʲôط½ʦ֣ƣһԹ뻭

Ǻ½ͬѧʦܣĽ½Ĳ飬Ľò½䲢⣬½ͬѥֵܡ
תͷЦʦ֣ʮ⾳ģʮˡ

½һֱϣͷĿ
ԣۡ
ģУ½Ǳ͸ɡ

ϵʮ財
ͤеļָҡ
ˮ¶̨ƻ𸻹󣬹Ƿ顣
ԹŶҲ顣ǵġʵĶŮӵᡣ

ֻõƻӰ翡
еǸޣ֮УԶҫ۶Ŀ
߸ߵؾƺˮй£С쵽䣬ʪ۰ƻ˼䡣

ǾǺǹϡ
Ҳ̵صֵ
õӵᣬֻһϧһ鴦

ӺȻ˳˳ľȻתͷȥİС˵Ѿǹӣ߰ɡ
ԴǹӷԸȡ㡣
Ǹٷ˵
ٷ˵ްˡ

죬˵ȴκеĻﶼ
С˺궼Ƕһۡ
ٺȥҹ磬˹ǵˡĬǸӣһһֱֻۣ
ɼűקߡ
ͷٿһ½½ԣЩȴΧסߡ

ҹǱһ˳βһҲ׵ȻŮ͸βޥĵ˯ˡ
ҹ쳳ѣ¶
Ժ˫ˮ鿵һӲ½ˡ

ˣ֪Ĳ٣ϴΪѵһҪ
֪ˡޥվҹɫ̨ϣȥɡ
̨ϣ˰½ޥŮŮȴŲס½Ǹ꣬ҲŮö࣬һ·ȫء
ˣϾҪԺˣ϶ܽޥˡ

ޥ½һֱۣһȥվֱһ˾Ͱ½ˡ
˫ˮ鿵Ů˵ٷϰ֮ˣǰզ࣬һˡ
ޥ½ңŵϣҪſֱۣ½ȴȻսֱۣĻ
ֵҹŮ˳ȥˣš

½ޥڻ۶ЦЦȻֱ۾Ʒ̾˯˹ȥ
ޥУᵽ˵Ĵص
㻹ϵġΪӣʳǣԴլɷТ˳ĸ

ޥȥ½ֱۡ
½ԺУеҪ뿪ԼĻֽ§
ޥޥޥޥˡૣѾˡ

аһ˲
Ȼˡ
½ޥأ׷
ʲô
һƬҵ½˯ȥˡ

ڶΧһжϤ˫ˮ鿣鷿ҡ
ͷʹѣҪáôôࣿ
ŶͷŮѾ
½һߺһʣأ

Ůͷһȥ׷ȥˣ
ӣӴ𣿡½Ȼ׷ʲô
Ůͷø׷ȥˡ
½ͷʹӾˣŮ˵ףôˣ
ŮˣӺˣǵˣ̧ͷ
ҹ͸ӡ

½ǵֶ˶٣ϸ룬ȷд¡
͵ģ׷ȥʲôʣ˭ȥ׷ģ
Ůͷִȥٷˡ

һ˯ʱ֪ҹʲô
ٷ˸̱֮ȥ׷䡣
ҲˣС˱ߵġ׷ȥˣѣҲ
ٷ˲ŸĽȥ
Ҳ̫磬˼ȥҲʵڲò
֪׷û׷

Ů̲ס͵۹ӡ
ԣȴû˵
Ůִȥ룬ҺãӲǵȶһҪԺȥ

վû׷
ޥǲ֪ԭǶ˽ȥģԭǻˣѧҵҲҪؼȥ׼μĴˡ׷ͷʱ򣬴Ѿˡ
ޥҲöû˵
׷ӴѾǾͷˡ
½жȣҲΪŮȥ׷
ãŵ֪ˡ

½ȰǸĸŮҲδһһοֻӡԵ
תˡޣġ
ǣҲ֪ġޥֻʮ㵽ߣ뵽䵽棬ܡ
½ңܱһʳǡ
棬ƮƼˡ

ʱûа½Ծͺˡ
ˣ½ʱж

ֻޥ½˶֪Ӵϴȥӵ·;ٵòӵ飬㻽ź
ȴľľˣʦôῴ㡣
Ƶĵ
ϲζ
챧ϣѡ

ҹɫͣêҹޡ
շ֨ѽ򿪣ͷңͭװ壬ߵϱߣһˮ㵹
ˮóȥɫһƬԣ漴ҹɡ
ˣڵĽˮ

ͭ赱׹ء
ѲļҶ쿴ֻͭ㷭һֻЬװ塣








147.   147    

147 

½ҵĶʰ, ѾŲϣֻϴټ⸮ȥ
һ, ½Ժ
ޥϴҪ˯ˣֻѡ
½ʣҪĶɶȷϹ𣿡
ޥȷϹһģȡ˺嵥Ӹ

½ҵԲԷ
Ů˲, ˿ڣ˶, ϲĹƬ
ޥӵ˸Ƿ˵һ, ˯ˡ㿴Щȥɣ첻Ҫ̫
˵, ȥ´˯ˡ

洫ֽŷˤϵ, Ų, ӡߣСĽ¡Ĺ
ޥʶ۾
Ͻ˯, öء

̣ؼ⸮ȥ
ͷ, ûиȥ
Ĺຼຼ½½һټĲҵɩɩȥˡ
߲ܸȥҪԭˡ
Ϊһ, ½ͨຼˡ

ЩûޥֿôԶصһڿޱӡ
½ͨЦȰѺ, ʱٷдǱı£𣿡
ߺޥĹϵȷǺܼ򵥾ܰ쵽¡
߻ǳģ½ͨȡһϻӵŲˡ

ֻŵģŷֱ£ǹܵġ
䣬ֻ̾Ϣ½ͨ˵ͼʲôأ
½ͨͼӣͼ֣ͼ˺ӷˡ
ƿԡÿһǰߣֻ̾øһա
ҲһЩˣ֪
ֻҲܺðɡ

½ҰѮִ˿⸮
±ѾﹺһլԺʰ£˼ҹʱֱӿסˡ
½Ҳе鷿үǶ鷿ǸҪĴﶼ
½ֱס鷿

½ʮջ
һϲ߲ͻݡһնвոѾͷűأְѾͷˡ
ҲνἸ߼ɡ
½ȴֲ
½ͷһؾԹв֪ʲôͼʲô

½ģ
½һߵڣҲܣޥԻ߳Լ·
ƫ½㷴˵Ҳ˵Ҳһ鷿¹µģֲӣ㡣

½ʣʹȥǸϿ𣿡
½Ŵɽĸױˡ
½ˡ
Ȱж︣ܲƢġ

Ҳˡ
ޥҵĲ£ûʲôܶ衣ͻһֱޥ¡
ޥˣҲذ״̬׼ŹȫڼұӡĶϱ½Ҳв£ʮ档
Լأþгһգʹ޲عȥ˼ҵĹѨ
͸ǷܶռĿˡ

½ڿ⸮ȻѣֹһλǴǰʱʶġ˿⸮½ȥݷǡ
һһˣܸ½˺ޥ֣ڿ⣬ֻ
½ԺĴ򣬱㶨λ
ȶˣȻλҾ춼һ

ޥֻ΢΢һЦ
ǰ½ڷܸţвС޷־ӣȻС
½Ҳǰʾ
檱ȥȥڽӴ𣬲˳˾ޥҲǲ
ֻޥ׿ڶԼɷ˵Ҹɸ檡
ᡣ

λˣ½鷿½ʣΣ
ɫ˵⣬һ˶
½Ŀɬ
Ҳ
½̧Щ飬ʦ˵Ҳ֤ģϾ˴ˡ
½ò˵

⸮ʵ뽭ݡຼ಻ͬ
⸮ڳ͢ǳġղ˰ֻϵʵ̫ˡ
ΪϿ˰صأʵ۵ĻӷַҪڽ࣬ѩϼ˪֧ϵϵϵһĳ
ϵĸ˰ЩҸԡˡ

ô࣬Щݣʮѹܡʵ½ĵط
ֻǣȥܶǾʵ±䶯̫ĻŰ²Ū
ֻȸţıǨ

ұߵ⣬½ޥҲĽЩطӴҲһĹһʹ½ʶҶԳ͢ĸۣˡ־
ٴ⣬߶½Ҵ½ޥҲæ

¹ٵΣȻӦꡣ½˳ޥһϯ
һղμӿ⸮̨Ϸ˵磬ޥλʶĲʶһѣʶһλԷˣ¡̸䣬Ͷ

Էʣ½ٷ˿񱱷ˣ
ޥЦɽˡ
Է˵Сʱȥи̷ǰǧ

ףû뵽ϵزޥȻһλգ
Է˵λ̷պأڱĸѾˣ̷ңѾҲˡ

ޥѾòˡԷ˺µģġСʱҲӦޥСʱޥСʱպصǧɾֻһλ
뿪ʣԷ̾ס£ʶһѣǸٻ£Ҳ֪ʶʶ

ޥ۾ϸλԷˡ
ֻ¸ı˵գҲµĽ飬׵Ժ󣬾벻ʱģˡ
ޥ̽ʣܰܰ

Էס
Ȼܰܰؼݸݸıã
ޥ˵ʲôܣһɸпؿڱ˰죬ڵңޥﰡ

һϯû뵽طꡣ
ֽգû뵽ټ㡣
ʱݵ飬Ρ

ޥӱ仯̫ˣҾûϳ㡣
ܰܰʵЩģ벻
òɫˣٻԵ˸ӡ̡

ͬصݸݸ
ؼҵݸݸ֮νӵ㣬Ȼ
һۿ㶼ˡ

ղɵʱ򡣡ܰܰǲǣұ졣ʱ䣿Ҹӣ㵽Ҽͣٺúġ
ޥ˵ˡ
˱ȲԷˡ͡½ٷˡ罻ְ

ڶգȻܰܰӱˡ
ֹһգޥԼǰܱܰܰͣͷΪݸݸʹһ

ܰܰĨĸˣ̷캱û
ޥ֪ģǴλݱɥϾ͸ˡ
Ϊݸݸˡ

˵ĸ׶ˣΪŮһͬˣֱ̰°ȥʧꡣ
ĸңȴŮ캱Ϊ˽̻ˣиŮļͥθҵŮ˽캱
գطҲû뵽캱

һи˵֮󣬴ʬ壬ؼõķϣȴֻһŮˡ
ζݸݸ̰ʵݡ

ϵһģ˵ñȥʱôȻ赭д
ֵݸݸӢţҲ֪ǲһ
ãֵҲ֪ǲǻš
Ů˵һ㣬ɢ






148.   148    ױ

148 

ܰܰ, ݸݸʱ˵ǰͷǼңʲôƸ硭
㡣ޥ硣ô㻹˵
ŶԶԶ, 㡣أ˵㿴žǸи, ĸҲ˵ġǰͷǼȻûˣȴֶһҸõġڿ, иܰܰ

ޥʵЩ½Ҹġ
½Ҹֱױ, ؽ̧ţ˶˾˳ʮµɽһ١
ҪȻ, ֪ǻ׷·˶ȥǻݸݸӢ, ΪʧٵעʧŮӡ

ֻ벻ԼǸġܰܰ˵˵, ֿˣʱصȥǺ˼ס˺ü£ΪԺø˵ɺ̫Խ, ó
Ҫݵʱһд˷, ׼һЩǵĳʳȥ
ʱ˵һܸϵϣѾˡ

ûյ, ȷѾˣߵʱûޥһͨ, ߰ģӶ˺ü䣬ҲûˣǸ֪Ҳû˸˵
·̡˺ױʧϵط꣬ȴһҲûйطˡ
ޥܰܰط꣬ʶٴ̸Ͷϳ˴ˣʵԵ֡

һʱ޿ЦЦЦЦ޿ޡ
˵Ե켣
ܰܰҲෳգҲҸ飬޷ǡɷţŮңͨЩ
˶һ
ޥԼķպ٣ֻһ½ԡ

ޥȥܰܰɷˡ
ǿ⸮һصԣҲǸŵڵĴ塣
ʮĵһ죬ˡ
ٿӣ۾ͨ죬죺ˣ˵Ҫдһʱĺ

ݸݸ˵ǸûˣͦùģתֶһźףǸžиġĸҲ˵áιû˵ιܰܰڱɷ򣬡תת˵أ㱳ңô˵

Щ˼ľʵȤֻӵĻû취ŹǷڱ﷭ӣ˯ɣ컹øʮĵȥء
ǲ˵ҷǰɣܰܰ
ŽΣֵ㣿ְ
ܰܰô֪

Ҳᷢ࣬㶼ǴĵճֻԴһЩܰܰСЩɷЩܰܰƢЩл

е죬ͦġҪкҲɡ
ҲŲҪˣˡܰܰҪȥҷѾжˡ
ôˡֺ׷˯ˡ

ֻԺأܰܰȴѡ
ڰУܰܰǸģʲô
ܰܰĪô֪
򣺡ٺú롣

ɷģеˡ
ܰܰηһ£ʹˣݼʵ̫߽߱ǽ־Զˣ벻
ʣǲջ
ֱӵƣĳЩȻͳܰܰȻԶԣջôˣ
ȴû£˯ġ

·ȥ˿Ժʮõܽѡ
£Զá˵
ʮ۾ŹǷ˵
ˣûǴĻ㣬ΪºܹΪūģ԰ɣ
ʮĵԡ˶ԼĹȥÿɽˣЩǰʲôˣʲôû֪ˡ֪ôͶϲû·

ˡұ㣬⸮иˣʱһףԷл㣬˵Ǿºûˡ
㽫ܰܰϢʮġ

ʮľˡ
Եϡô˵ûˣ˱ˣŮףʮһĴȣֲã˳ϲڴĥŮˣԭǺ޼ˡ

ţ㲻Ҫںϼתˣȥ
ʮ֮ܵǱɳѰ챦ġ񣬻䶼ˣȴûһʾġ
ѼĽ겻겻ǵӵܶɳѰ䱦Ҫͨߡ

˵Ķԣһתʲôⲻʲô챦ãʮ۾ġ
ʵܰܰ㡱Ƿջʱ뷨ˡʮҲ뵽һȥˡ
⸾˵ĹĿ⸮֪ͬ½ຼ½ҲǴ塣Ҫôúúúϼһ¡
ʮȴ˵һ˶ѣɩǸʶ𣿰һף򵥡

ˡ
ܸ£һ·Ƿޱˡ˵ˡ꣬һɲΪƹĹӡ
ΪɲΪﱳġ
ǵôӳ顣ѹסջ𣬶ѧõܵȥ˵

漸մϢ½ԪŴӽݶǵġҼǵþǸʱڽ֪Ӧʶ½ҵຼءΪݵ̰Ӱᵽ˳¸òԶ㷴ţȥһ¡˼ٿҪҪؾ

žͻ˭֧ʹ
Ҳû취˭鲻أͻȸɻ
ʮʰ˳¸ȥˡ

½ƻʮȥ
ʵ뾩ǵľ룬ǹٳǿԵġ
Ӿ˳ʮ̫ˡ½Ҳ粻ֻ֪ͷ飬Ӿ˿ʼμصķͳ˻֪ʶķ
Щȥǣ࿴ơ

ô
½˺ܾá
иһֱԡ
ϵԽãԽѡ

һ½ޥԺӡ
๫ˣޥ죬
ŮЩŹֻ֣ء
ޥĪ֪½ʲôֻȥ

վڽϣסˡ
µҹµĵƻյʡ
½ԺУŲת򴽿

ĴԲۣ˿
½ҹ԰ڶ
绪㣬˫

ŮǶ֪㵽ȥˣԺоʣֻˡ
һڽĿһڽ򴽡
ãЦЦʣÿ𣿡

ޥҲЦˡ
ԭӿŮΪױ磬ֺʱð
Ϊӿá
ÿءȻ㴩ɫÿˡ

½ͷͷʯש̧ͷǺӣٿµƻӣ򴽣ǣ𣿡
ޥãǳ˳֡
½³һǣסޥ֣ǣţǣ˷С
Ϸˣ½ÿֳ붴ȸԾڴ
ţˡ

ڶŮһ
ڡ
òף
㡭
˺¡
Ӵÿһͷһؿأ
ΪС
Щû

һʱȥţֵҹѾͷȵҹ˲ŸƿŽ
Ѿʹμżš
棡һŶûȥ
֪ҡ
Ȼ춯
Ѿͷ͵Ц






149.   149    

149 

̵, ȵĴ͵͵ૺûû˵ǡ
ɴֱᡣɼ, 繡
Щ޷ġ
ޥۣܰϢ֮С
Ǳ䵽Ǿϡ
߽

ϱĵûȥ밲ʹ
һ㶼, ЦÿģǿСŮԼһ, ȥ

ͷ磬˲
½Գͷ, ޥ
ޥڴߣѩױ϶Ǻۼ, ͷ󾱸ǰ߰ߺۡ
½̲סȥ, ޥѾͷ, վ뿪
½ָֻһƬ½ǡ

ޥŮʰ
յѴſڵβһءʴţԼԼؿӵΡŮ, ǿ򶨵ضȼȥźˮ
ޥȥԡ

ܶ¸ǰһˡ
½֪, Щٻزȥˡ
Ʃ缤ȥǰҪ˯ȥ
, ŴѾ͸ʵæµӰĵ˵ɬȻ

½˳Լˡ
ˣ㶼Բ, ʱĺܶͼ֣ˡֻ뿴ϱ罺ᣬٲ뿴ޥһ˵Ȼˡ
Ҳ֪صޱ˴İĽʱ򣬵Ҳ֪ˡ
½ֻ벻½ǰ̹һ¡

½벿ҽ顣
½Ҳ½һִ֮ͨ᪻һ˵ӦǸҽٷطҳδ˵֡
½˵ɫˡ

֪
䣬ֻһ뵽
ͰŮӡҽߣôûõ
ǣҲܲҹʣɡ

̧ӣ½
嶯һ죬½εŭôҵķģ
˵һҽдˣ念ȴ޷Ůеģ
ԭеġ
ԭҽ飬Լ

ˣ˳Ĵ򣬱ǳ֡½ҽ䣬޳£Ҫʶ࣬ΪͶ
֡
ʱ½δ½˵Щ룬½½ҲѾΪ˸ܲȥõ⡣ĸҽߣȻ˵¡

΢ȴ˹ȥֻ˵Щ֮
±ҽ⣬½ҲΪʹ˴ס
û뵽뿪ʱ͸벿ҽ飺ʦǰģδɱˡܳģȥа
һֹģ
½·Ͽ˱㶮ˡ
Ĭãصຼ㽫ǰ벿ҽѹףûκ

½Щ½ŶӳĬģҲˡ
½ԵЩŭ⣬Щ޳뷴Щغ˽͡
ԭҲ
ôһ˰
С
ôܵˡ

ֻŮΪſʹѹģˮ
ΪȻŮ˵ĿʹѹģʵҲȻŮ˵ˮ

½˱۾ֻùȥܶķ޷ޡ֡ʧȥ塣
֤ȷģǶԵΣӮˣΣ
Ժޥٲ
οֻеѹ

ĦƤã̾λҽдδţ
½λ⣬Ҳ˳֡
ԭעóΪҽˣʦδ

һԷ򸾣ɷʵĵȻӵĶ겻С
ϣЩ߸˵滰ʦҲ棬ɷԼֶΡ
ɷǸһԲȭͷԱȭʹδҽ
ֻ˰벿ûҽճСѧͽ

½꣬ԡ
½ĸףĸ׻𣿡
½˳ĬãܸıʲôǸġ
òףָˣбˡ

ֻ㣬Īġ
Ů˵͸ˣһգء
½׵ġ

½ĿͶϡ
ã֪Ѿں
ңԺ󲻻檣ͨŮӡ
ѹˡ

½˳һЦЩ˵ʲôȥ˵ѽ
½ٵȵȡ
ҹϼھ˵˵֪

⻰ڴʼҲ˵ޥ
ҡΣϼھ
ޥһЦѽ
½ţܾãûôǿڴ
ǰϲѧʵӡ
ޥۣ޵أ½̾Ϣ

½ȥ˾ǡ
½ڿ⸮Ѿʣһв졣
ֻʮµףȻһλ֮͡
½ˣɫˣԴˣ
Цص겻ɫá

Ǳˣǵ꽭ݵԸ̨
ԼǴ壬Ը̨ʤʱڼоš
Ķ֣衣

½Ŀ裬Դ˲Ӧ˳¸εˣ
ʤʱ΢ЦȻҪ
½ʣδ֪£
ǵ̰֮£ʤʱЦһ

½ŭѾ˽˴£лȷѾƤʵݣţѾˣ㻹
ŭĿţʤʱȴֻ΢΢һЦ


ˣү
ѾߵĻû˵꣬½ѾŲҴҵؽȥȥ
½˾̧ͷȴ½ɫһ
ŮǶˣֻǷ򸾶ˡ
½վſڣȥ
ŮǱ˵档½ؘš

½üʲôˣ
½̬½ֻܲǹٳϳ¡
½ȴ˵֣ڷп첽ȥô꣬½˶ûɫ

½˳סҲߴ٣ֻ
½ߵԲǰԼ˱裬˹£ҧˣҼһ½
½˵



ԣݵ̰һ£һӣ½ֻ꣬ؿŭӿҧʣһӣƤʵݣֵ𣿡
ʵϴ̰Ժµ̰٣ƤʵݡֳƵԱȴսľ
ٵģɾģֻҪԺ㣬ܲ
һ԰Ƥʵˡ

½ǿ벻þͲõģ
һعٳʱˣ㱧ųһ飬̰ͬ£ˡ
ûܶ⣬˻ܣλȻеǰ취ˮҲϴס

½סŭʣǺأû£
½Ȼ̵ϢһҾ֪ãȥʤʱлȷˡɳҡ

£صи˳
һȺбУֻһġлȷԼֻ֪
ЩӸܶȣ˴Э顣

лȷ¿ǱӶŮ½Ϊƽ£ó
½˸ŭس
ʱȥӵóţܽ½Цţͨ仨Ǯõģ̵ûࡣθ̫ˡ
ֲຼ֪ţˣ˸ʹ졣
½ֻû۹ĶͷѪͻͻģ

˸ʣȻѾóƽϢ˴£л£
½޵ϲлȷᡭ˺֣֤ݡ£ʤʱ֪ԭǣͷģ̵ࡣҲлȷ̸ģֻ˶ûн¸ǡлȷ޶֡

֤лԭ˵õģȵŵأʤʱ취̳ĸŮĻݣˡ
лȷſһ˸С
ʤʱȴʳԣ·϶л֣õҪĶϣ˸·Ⱦʱߣ
̰ٷѣ˭Ϣ
Щʤʱϡ⣬ԴΪҪЮ½

½˷һԷ󣬴±оȡ
ʣҪʲôӣʲôʲôƲ֣㲻Ҫڴʱ
½ҸӺͲҵⷿﻹ䱦ЩǴģҲ˵졣
½롣

ֻϴˣ˵ļȲҲ䱦
һˡ






150.   150    

150

žһ, һյݺˤڵϷ飡
½½û˵һ飡
Ҳûӡ½һٻ֮Ů

δ, ǡžһ
½Բֱۣݺݸ½һǶ⣡
½˼ʮ꣬ûľٶƸ½, ˡ
˲ʹֻоŭҪԼըѣǰ󷢺ڣ

ʲô, ˵Ѷϱˣ
檣, ǼýȢĶϱĵٷˣ
һʥ飬ʿ, ֮ӣ޳ܵ˵ĵز
ԹŮ, ĸųʷΪɣ

֪Լ˵ʲô½ֻѪܶҪ, ҧгݣýȢ̧ŵϱǼԵӣ
أʥأ½Ұأ
Ҷ½˵, ҪѶϱ 𡪡
½ҹȥԼµ, Լȥ

½˴ʱ˿ֻ̣ùǿ۾
½ȴͨǰסȣõõҪ𣿡
Ͻ, ԺֶκƤʵݣ
ʤʱвңȻа취Լȥ, ҿӽȥ
ʱˣΪӪһסϱ˿ȡ

һȫңõúһ룡
½˵˴ŵſ½˵ȣ׽ס󣺡ôǱסģԸ桭֣

ǰͬ̾һͷ˵ޡ½˵ʹ
½˵ĶǶԵģһסޥ
½ҧʣô죿ôˣ
½׽ֱվ˵

úݵġ
ˣˣӵĸףһ޳֮ͽ
½˺ݺݱ۾
侲

ֶ̫׾ˣй¶ȥ½û䡣˵¡ҵĻҺú˵֡
½ϲס֣õҾ֪ʶŮӣ
½Ŀֻģ½Ļ档

ޥеϷʱʮɡ
ҵţͬڱҡϷҲûбϱĽѹ֡Ϸ˵ɺгġ
ղͬʹ˽֪Ϊ¡ֻճլʲôأ
˵ǵʲôµƷ軨ֻʲôŻһͬء

ޥĴɵ̬ĸס֮󣬵½̧ӣޥסˡ
޽꣬½ƢòãԹʱҲδ
һް

ĸףޥɵ飬ǰʣôˣ
½̧ãٸн
ӵסСճ˷ٷˣϣ˶ٵѪջ˶ٵĿְ

ٴңŮϱңٲ뿪߹Ϊա
ÿôʱ򣬱ϻο
ֻϲϱҲзһա

½վһ
ޥ侲˵½ҽл¡
ôõĵҷˣ㲻̩ɽǰ治ɫҲе㴦ҵı¡ޥԾңĸ˵
½˸

½ȴʲô¡
һֽס֣д飬Ѿ㡣գҰŭ[[ߣ
գ½Ϲȥ˹ͽޥͭ[[ߣ

ˣе
ӬӪΪ˹һ嶼ߵ£
Ұˣ

ޥȻ
˵½ټң侲ҼᶨҴڽ֪꣬ġ㲻ܻ¼ȥ¼ҵס
ʤʱ汼ߣҪޥģǸȨƵĴ¼ССٻޥǻȥҲûãס
ѾˣҰȥͶ˾ˡݼҳУеܻס㣡ŭ[[ҲУ˾ˣúùӣ

ĸףޥ׽סֱۣȸң׳ʲô£
ô߳ܣô
½붼Ըȥ룡𣬶ӣģ
ҧˣˣҲãֻܴŭ[[ߣ

ޥؽ˺ã
Ҽ½ϱʱԼѣĸף֪ҵġ˵˵½ңϷŶ
ᶨĿ⣬½סһϡ
߳ܵᡣ


ʤʱҪңޥʡ
òΪʲô㡣½˵½ò汻ʲôˣʤʱֻǰ䡣ֻ½Ҳ֪ʲôˣʤʱֻ˵
ޥͷĬС

ޥ½ѶҰߣˣҾôҶ֪Ұˣ½ҺѾʤʱ֣·Ҳ£½ҵ£½ͭ[[Գˣ
ޥʣˣ·ˣǻ
½Цأһһᣬ½Ϲһ˰ƤʵݡҺͼԣȥھ

㹫½½޳֮ȣҧҧ޵ֱЦ㲻Ӧҹ㣬ŵĹϱǻȫҡ
Цᶼ뵽½еظʱģ½˱öġ
ޥޥ½˵ݶҧˣҾһˣ

ຼ½ңǰ壬ңֱܳ
ԪڣеǸ࣡ȨһҲ£зǵˣ
ҹҲž˳޿ΣֳͬųƲˣ԰ɣ飡

Ƕ˰£½֮ӵܣǶʥ飬Ϊ˼ΪΪʬλزͣ֬࣬

ֻ½ϰǣФӾ㶼δм̣֪½⹷ΪԱ޳Ҫ׳ϱҲҪӷ
õ޸һˣʵǡ֮ܣ

ԭŵĹõ𣿻ǡ÷
ʱ̣ޥ
÷϶ʢ֮
õɫ
һʺ

̫ѣˣùţ½Ϲ򵥣ǼԵĸףдһ㣡վߣŭ[[ȥ
½˵ţվһҼ

Ļңīֽ뱸Ƶˮӵˮأīĥ£ܲīûȣ᲻ᣬ޹󣬱ʼٵīֽɷдһ֣
Т޺Ϊ½֮ٻŮϣһŮӡ

һһûףһֻ׽ס½ʵ
½̧ͷ
ޥ
Ů˵󶼺ϸޥԶ½˵׽ס½˵½һʱϲȥӲͣ

Ҵŭ[[ˣǣͼԡ۾졣
½۾ͨ죬Ȼǵ
ޥԼҲ

½˸еʹࡣ
½̥ʮ£ʮ׶ӡ
ޥϲɵŮӣǵ½һ
ߣ½˹ͬߡ
ǣ

½½԰
һر谮ˣϾŻ硣ĸ׻ӣΪе
Ȼģ˵ͨ޷ҡٹ̵˼롣
ȷһТ˳Ķӣɷ򣬴ȰĸסԼŬĸסӡŮΪõġ

һ½˺ޥ޷ˡ
ʱھǣʮصȴǣŲһøŮǸߵҫĸ󣬸ǿı
һ뵽㽡־綼̮һɰ˽䷲Ţ̤½˺ޥͬʱе˲ܳܵ顣

½᣺Ҫ֣͹Ͷ̥ãһ
ô½һˮ
ĲŻıЦ

ɵӣһӡ
ξˣҲƽϡ
ҲãҵĴޣԣޡ
ޥޥҡ
ޥޥޥޥˡѾˡ

Σľ
½ԣʵеĺɷ
һֱϣܳΪһĺӣͬģҲŬһ׼ĺɷ
ֻΪǶԵķʽȥƩ޵غլȨ
ʥʿһ

һһ£ҹÿ
ÿ
û˴±ÿˡ
ޥۡ
һվӲ½һ˫ۡ

ޥۡ
ȥ˵
½붼룬ѿڶУ
漴еʹ
ޥס󣬶ңȥˡ

½ʱˡ
ϱͨĸˡ
һߡ






151.   151    ²

151 

½˺ޥլ, ʵǲͨʲôȨıƲ֮Ķ
ޥܼ򵥴ֱ֪Ļ֮˭Ǹ˿϶ǿ, ȡˡƻȥˣЮ֣ȶԷܹҪЮ½Ķ, ߵٵ
Ϊݵ̰Ӱʵͽ᰸ˡֻҪڱ֤ûˣ½ͿԳ

ô򵥴ֱļƲ, ½ͬˡ
Ϊ½Ҳ
˭أһ·, һϣһ֧, Ͷ
ȫ½˾½һ㹶, ޥȫԼҡ
пȫܱȫ½, ܱסޥ½Ըһѡ

ף, ½ͬ⡣
Ϊգζзավ½Ƥʵݡ
½˵, һҲûĶϱԼƤʵ֮䣬Իѡǰ, ߳һ˿ԡ

ڡȫȫܻ֮͡䣬½Ȼѡ񡰰ȫȫ
½ˣڡܻ͡֮, ѡ񡰿ܻ
Եѡ͸ͬ

ͬªƲߵǰᣬޥһٵ֤ԼĹ
ûбİ취ˡ˵ĸһļƲߣҲس²ߡû˰
ĸף
;ƽ
Һͭ[[ܾТϥǰĸ׳þáһ䣬׸Ů
½յͷ

࿴ǹŪֱɲġ
˭ϵгһգҪ裬ȫȥ
½˽ޥ֣ᡣ

½½ޥͬˣֻѹҰοա
½ͬˡ
˼գ½ֵ念ͻȻ˽ǵû˿С
½е

ϱ£֪ˣȷ½˵ຼ½϶ûˡֻ½峤ŭ½һҲǲܵġ
ȷСġ

ޥȡ߰գչ˲ޥߵĴѾͷߡ
ޥУ˻ҵġ
ҵѾǸڿʵڵŮˣ֪Լޥʵܲʲô£½ҵѾǸܸɣòֻ·˵ķԸһֱռſӣޥȫ½ѾͷСȥ

ʱ佥ţޥ½վס˽š
ޥʼʱǹһأޥû㻹һֱޥԺӣøǮ
ȵθŹ⣬һأޥ֪Ͽңˡ

Ҹ˶½ߣǮдͣͦãҲҵһǮרչ𡪡˿⣬㷢ˣҵĶϱ
˶½ϾˣȻʼƸŻһȻˡ

ޥսһʵİǸߵġţȲظ
ҵıʣʲôʱ
½ҵĲҵڽϣ½ຼ½֮䣬ڵ˹߹ȥҪĻԹȥˡ

ޥȴĬܾãøøߵʱ͸
ҵĪǸʵͷǵ׷ʲ̤ʵѽѽ˵ˣʲôʱǸøʱ򣿡
ޥȴȵʱ֪ˡҲ㻹ûҾջҪʱˣ֪øˡǵãҪ˵
ҵһԴˮ

صң𿴵һ䡣
ҵĶԶϱ˸ۡҲޥǰĴѾͷֲͬѾͷСһ𳤴֡
һⶫޥ˽ߵأ֪ˣ᲻ˡҵľȥˣԼѶյȥ

ֹ˼գʮһˣ½ٷԵʣҪѰһ徻ط
İ͸ˣûİס
½ٷ˴ñ
½˺Ȼȥסֱۡ

½ʱüľ¸˼
ҺûУ½ʮְĬ
ӵڵޥֱۡ
Ǹŷģ˽ҶӺ·ذס

ϱ½Ŀļ֮£
ޥͷ
½סᣬսޥ֣ü͵²죬Լܣ
ޥ[[иĸˡ
½˵ġҰš

ȡ½ڵصˣϱϽϳɣĪ˷纮
ޥһ̲ϳ뿪½һ̲̤ʵŮһȱ˵¡
ϱ˶ʵǸ뿴

ŭ[[ǰޥ±ס[[ŵĻŽȥȥҪԡ
[[ϸһȥ[[һ𡣡
ޥֻСףܿͻŻ֪ġ
[[æСֶ˱󣺡[[û

ޥɲ
Ҫ
һҪ
½Ȼ½ϵ鹣½ˣЭ[[ɹ½ԡ
һģ

[[ĪĸףҪȥ塣½ֶԽ
˵ֻ꣬Ƕϱŵϣ̧ͷĿ
һ˫Ӻ˼һ֮⡣
½ʶؾ˺һŸ̧ŷӦַ¡

һֱ˵Ǹ˳֮ﹾ档
򹫹ϱҪӣޥͬһҲ棬ٴ򽻵
£˼Ҷʮףһھ˶ӡӳʮҲסʱ򹫹ʮʢ꣬ϱʮòʵǵñӡ
ܲͲ档

½ޥӡ½˵
½˵ޥᡢ˳ТֻȴǸöʵģԼϸͨ½ޥӡ㲻
ֳʵûκʧ

ת룬ݵ̰Ӱ᰸ˣʤʱҲͻȻв˵׻Ϊޥ
ôĻε¾ȫޥ˼̫òȻ֡
ֻ֪ʲô˿ϱʹöʤʱѵĸֲ̫ܡϵףԼʹʤʱġضǸȨ֮ˣ
Ҫܴˡɺʤʱʲô˵Ķϱ棬Ϸһ
ʵɺޣ

ޥ׵ǳˡ
½ӵ߰ɣȥɡ
½ţֱʻ·ͷ˷ٿŭ[[תߡ
û½˵һ仰
½ڨڨ 

ܰذɣӾӹΰ½룬Ǿȥһ¡
ȥʱ򣬭[[Ѿɽȥˡ½һϣ
½ȡһȥˡ

½ȭһۡ
һУȻкޣҲزס
½ڡ֪ʮϲϱģοô룬Ѿ˼ҪŪȥʮˣزһǹأ˵ۼҹûá

½ǿסһ㲻֪𣿱㲻֪ʲôˣȥ֪ɣ
ʤʱʲô˵½εǿѹңֲܱ˵

ֻؿȥˣȥ䵽ʲô϶һ㲻֪
½޵ᡣ
ĪޣĪޡ½ͷʹƺĪˣ˵¡

½Ĩȥˮ̫ͻȻɾͲˡ½Ұҵɲܻһ
½˵üǡ㿴Ҫô죿ƺϱ£Ҫլǵÿ½ˡ
½˵һص˵

һ־ϵޥɹˣؼҡ
ʧܣŭ[[ĳ·ˣ½½
ˣûһ

ʱÿɱ½ԤڵҪôðɣ¿ˡ
½ŭĿԲ˵һһ꣡
½æúúãһ꣬һꡣ
棺ظТֵһ꣬ˡʱöʮˣȢ

½˲һûס
ָ׻˿ƤƤ඼ª
ޥΪ½ҶȥʱѾʼΪң

½ɫԣ½Ҳȥϲŭ޳Ƣ࣬Բ
úЪţҲˡ
ڨڨ뿪ˡ

½˽ȭӣſ
ıĳָף۶һָѪȾġ






152.   152    

152 

[[˯ǰ, ȰסˣԹȥ˯ˡ
˯ǰƿ᷿, ԺӡٷȥˣѾͷȥˣСѾͷȥַ˯ˡ
, ͸ŹŹ֡

Ҳ½ͣǰҲ½˸ǰѾͷ, ЩŹֿ֮۾
صȡ˱ī, üСдССһֽϣںɰ
ڶո½˰ռ, š

ҲгģС˸ŵġǮ˳ӺС, ֻлͷӡԼÿһӵĺš
˴ŷȥ, 漴š
ǴӣƵǰ棬ܿŵš
ңԺ⸮˾´

С쿴, 죺ôˣ
Ҫһһ컹ûӡ
, ԸϽˡ
ѺɰԼдõĶͳС죬СŷŸ롣

С˵ȥɡ
ȴûˣҶӡ
Сúð, Ȼ¡
费ͷҪʲôʱǸͷ
СٺһЦң˭ȥ
ͷø͡

ǰпʱ˴ţ˵, ԺÿԱļﶼߡֻš
˭֪ܵѡΪĽûãԺ˾ˡ
ֻдڸﵱСʮԼСʳ⡣ôϡͿ˺ȥģǷһǧĶծ

һӶˣôܻһǧЩµ˾ҪСӵ֡
Ǹ⵱һ·Ҳñķӻ
ʣʲôӣ
ǰ¡Ǻ˴ӻͳͳһǰ˻Ρ
ԺλΣյĻš
ŵãһƨ˵ϡ

ΪҪȥ͵үĹġ˵˱֮ģǡ
Ҫٷˡ
Ǻǻƽ·ÿ¶㱨һΡ
һԼҪȥΪʲô˵үˡÿһأֻԼһ̯ˡ

ֻܹѵŸ첻ʱ䣬ɵ˾ǵļԺ
С㱨ȥ˻ɩӲˡ
һ䡰ɩӡ˼
мôֻӹԼ

һüͷʲôȥ½Ҿôˣװˣ
ٿԼɵ㶼һһ˵ˡ
ԭţ
ءСѾˣ֪ҲɩӸǰˣö࣬ԾòԣͱˣֻҲ˵ʲôɩСӣһֱء

ÿһ
ޥӣڱĸȰɷвòˡ
ӡ
޷ڴ˼ұ޵ĳģʽο½Ҫ׼ǡݷеССսʤԵķࡣ
豨Ȼ˵ޥ
ֻûжӡ

Խܾһδ͸Ź֣Ҳֻʵдȥѣܵóʲôۡ
Сÿﴦ̫Ϣ㶼ʮҲеĲԾ
еǰĸˡС˵
լ˽ͨլ˿ڸ࣬Ȼ˽Ҳ͸ࡣ
Сöˡ

˵ͨԤסϸ£ء
°ͳ˼Ƭ̣᲻йأ
СȻŶпܡ

ÿѪƤǴ򽻵䵽ޥޥǸͨͨĹӵլˣϣʵڲܷʲôصµġ
լѵ£ҲǱˡ
޹£ڻСͶǲѽС¡

ڿ⸮һܺõѡ
ȻѡСݺݵس
С̫Զֲ̫
ͬһϣá

п˾´ȥ飬ȥˣȥ̫ҽԺѺҽǷҽøƣѷҽ͵ȥ
ϣȥСϲ̵
ûõȥ±עⲻ𣿸øʲôʲôȥ

СۣҲۡ
Ժʹݵ˵طϣҪطԱ֪ˣһعԱ̵̻ٴС
̫
ޥ£ϢҪע⵽
ҪӰ

Сһȥ⿴ɩӣء
̫ÿʱе鷳Ķۡ
㬶ȥ

һգ˸ҹʳǶˣִ򿪣п۶ֱ
˽ҶҴȥ
СľɱҶһɣû¡
СɿֱǸЦŮӡ
ǰЦģֻÿŹͿ˵ʱ䣬Цġ

أͻȻˡ˵
Ҷ˵϶ǳˡǸء
ʰһҲȥ³ʲô¡Сûйϵġ

ڶ죬ůķŻӡ
Ҷ˵һء
Сʣɶ
Ҷ˵ܲܳΪأ
СӲһӣ

ؿһͨ
Сӣ㣬㡭
Ҷ˳˵
ò˳ˣСһʲôأ

ѽҶ°˵⸮ңûбء
⵹ģʱͽҲź⸮ۡˣֻź
Ĵʼ䣬һİβȷֻнҶһˡ

ɫءҶ˵ֻҪһˣˡ˭ǰǰҶûϵ
СӴӱһ
ˣʲôɫ
⻰˵ۡл¹߶ģ½˭ˣŭ

˵Ҷ˼
𲻵°֪ţ˭ɣǸ˵ʮء㿴һҲûС
԰Ҳʲôɽ˺ģҲȢʲôŮɡҶ˵

ŶҪȢӦûб¿ȢõġҲ롣
ĻȻģȴĿǰΨһġҲǲһɡҶһָҪû룬һʲôأ

ðɣ㾡롣Сʣӣʲôô
Ҷܴ޳Уܳɽ亣ζܱء
С˵Ҳ޳УҲɽ亣ζҶҲܿʹµ˶һء

Ҷסİ
ڤ˼һˣǾûʲôôˣˡϳʲô
СӵôһԿˡ
Ҷȥ˵㣬üġǰǸС¯ٶǻԼ

Сӷɱȥ·ϿӢ
ʹǽԿ⣬𣿡ص
ˡʺˣæˡС˵Լ԰ɣ´ٽҡ
˵꣬ˡ

ϧء
ǸȤˣ⸮ȻҶúܿҪ㡣˵ģֻаʹˡ
Сӷɿܡ֮ǰѾĲ˵ˣȥˣ˼Ѿˡ

Ȼ⸮ﲻں˷ѵʳģҲæµһ
ɽҶСӻ᲻˼ǶʳĻǶԳӣᡣ
ҪϽ
СΪϵĿⱼţڡʺˡ˵һϵ̡

˭ءġ

һˣһˡ
ÿαҩȣҲһ͵˽Ҷ
ȴҶǻʵҲʺҲʲôϡ
ԣǿȽҪ

ʮһ¡
½Ѿھǵ½һˡ
ǣ뿴ǵķ
ǣȻһԶûƽĵط

һ죬ɥӡ
ȫǶˡ
½ͷĬ
̧꣬ͷʺްˣ






153.   153    

153 

۵Ļʺ, һֱ̫áǷȱĸ֮ǣǴ˶ۡ
紾˵ģϳŲ¡

ǼСŮ, ޸ӣɢ
Ǽ˶ڴҲԼڴ
һӸ, ֵģá

Ů, û
ģɷͨ, 
ΪɷޣֻҪ, άûж, Ҳ¡
ңмױ, ʲôʱˣĸﱧһкϥ¾ˡ
²ֻҪɷ򲻳, ĶǶþǵĸûĸӵĸﵽͷȥ

ͨºլĹҲάȶĻʯ
, ǵ𱰡
ֻҪ˲ɫǻ裬ԼʿȥƶȣǾͲ¡
Ͼġ
ûжҲֵ, ˣˣСӣСƢ

ֱһ죬ɷΪ˻ʵۡ
ʵҪȫ˶صĹ, Ψڻʵ۵ĺǲͨеġ
ʵ۵ĺ󹬣Ů˿ĸƾӹﵽͷġ
ӵĻʺ̫󣬺ܿ͡СģʷҲûС
µĻɷҲˣϲһУˡ
˷硣

ӣͨլԳԴףɷά谮ͻ
ĹǱӿɱ˲Ѫûлʵ۵ıӻͲ
䵽һء

ǰһգҴҽеС
Ǭ幬ƻͨ硣һڽϣĿͶڵϡ
·ϾѾ֪ˡʱСڹſڵָµ

ʵ۳谮ǰ˸Сӡ
ջʺȥСӣˣСӾˣۡ
ŭ
һȻĺӡǰûй
ǲкá

ʺ󲻳ϡ
һѡҿͷһ£һ£ûĲӡ
ʵȻΪˡ
˵֪ҵģʲôʱĺ¹֣һĸĺӶúúõġ

ʵ֪˵ʵ
˵СӲŪģҲʵ
ʵۻǷ
ʺͣѾ˵ߡ£ֻѹյһݡ

ʵ۰ѻ׷С֮
ʵ˳ʱ򣬻ʺˡ빬ǵʱ򣬻ʺѾˡ
ܽӷϺּ⣬ŵ
СƤڹſڣΪ˸СҸ㣬ʺްˡ

Ǭ幬㿴ĿͶڵϣ۾Ļʵۡ
߹ȥẰ£
ãԟR۾ƺž۽ȻͶڵϡ

û֪ɵģûôݡԟR˵Ĳʺʺ󡣡
ҲΪáûơ˵Ĳûд
أ㶮ҡԟR˵ȵ乬һܣЩ£ٸһλ

ΪֻΪҲûжӣвܹϴǰ֣򵥵ֵˡҲñӲЩˡ
ϲᱻġ
ԟRỮգƢôôأ


ΪƢ߳İ롣
ԟRͷϣҲᷢ
Ҳһ·ҲԼͬͬѨ

ʵȥۣᶽԺ»
ڡ
ʵ۵ҳкõˣǧС
ǡ

һҹǶŵơ
ȵʱ򣬻Чʣ֮ߵġʲô£ʵ۱ġ
ֵߵһˡ
ʳӵĸ

Ӵţܿʵڴϡ
ૣ壬֮ͽ
ǷϵѾߣݣϵͣ˱ӵĻ
ʵ۵ơ
ֵˣ١
ҪߣʵֵɣΪˡ

ٴҪߣʵٴΰס
أҪԷϺᣬһֺԟR˵ԻʺɣǵϺּ⣬ջأ
󹬳ôһ£ݲǻʺɵģҲοԾġ
ҪԻʺ쳹ˣϳˣеóء
ʵʵĶϽ档

ʣ̫𣿡
ԟRԥһ£˰ɡ
͵ɡ
ءԟR̾㶮ҡ

ӿԺһͬѨ㹼ԡ
վһϸĻʺ󣬲丽̫
֧Уǿްɡ
ޡ
Уʵ۲֪ʲô
˳ȥˡ

һҹû˯ϲûо⡣
뿪Ǭ幬ȥФ
ʢ꣬ҲСλ£Ȳ˵Ժ󣬲ҪˡҲڣ͵һȥˡ

¿϶ҶġФش𣬡Ҳ¡ûжһ·ߵ졣
ȴ󣬵ò׷
ФһʯЧˣ·ûˣΪξ͵ò
ͺһûӣòòһ·ˡ

ΪֻһŮ
Фס
Ů£Ѿܾûˡ
ҪĻʺ󣬾һŮҪĻʺ󣬱Сѧ޿ָժȫµ˶˵

Ůˣâɣĸ¡
ϣš֣ŷ
ˣͻʵһڽϣ˿ڡۺ󡱶֡

˭ѡɣФˡ
ģδڱ̫󡣡˵˷ʺϣиһ˴ҾȲ㡣
Фô
뿪ˡ

ˣʳɥӡ
ù㹻죬ЩĬ˶֪ʺްˡ
ӳˮһӿ빬ǡ
һҹû˯Ļʵ۴һȺˡ

ʺ֮£˺üգճűӣͬԾĻʺꡣ
ԟRü˺ܶࡣ
ǲǷˡ˵
˵㣬ҸһҰɡ

ȢޣǱĳɹ̫඼һ¡˵һ
ԟR˵иˣû¸˵˵꺮ůˮȻЩǶǸǲһġžܾͦõġ

ȴȢѾˡ
ԟR㾹ǰǸ
¡Ҳˡ
ᰮˣδΡԟR˵꺮ůˮ
ԟRֻ̾Ϣˡ

ʺԻʺ̫꣬ǵ˶Ǹ˰
ҹﴲͷɷ򣺡ˣܸͬѨ𣿡
ɷ˵ʲôģޣӴӴúúãͬѨͬѨ

ʮ£Ժ⸮˾´鵽ǡ
Ǵã½ٷȥ½ǸкڣΪֹ⸮˾´ֻǴδ½ֶΣصش򱨸롣

ݲֶΣһլ˵֮Ͳˡο⸺ǼԺˡ
ʱСʶޥ⡣
Ƿֲ顣˵
ŸϷɡ

⸮˵õ½լʧһѾͷԺʧһӡ
ͬʱģ»˽Ǳˡ˹٣ˡū׷
ʮµףѾӡϾҪˣٴյ⸮Ļ㱨Ѷգһ
գ½ٷ˵ʹӣȫİˡ

űһţ
ﶼʲĻֻܶһ½ˡ
ģǰƽƽƽİ
̧˳ȥ

˳Ѿʰߺˣ׼
С߶߶кӵģĸϵҲáСš
˳ãֲɵ
ʲô£ԺɩԹǸ硣

ʹˡ
~СһŭĿǹ˫ȥ𣿲Ϊƹôţײǽˣ֪ûҸͷ˫Ҳǲǣ

Ϊޥ·ء
ǱˣȻˣ֮ܣ
ʱ
Сҷһͨɣ
ߺߵˡ

һСͣŷԺӡ
СûȥŷӴԼҵĻţ˷񵥣һ
Ǽȱ𣿴ģ͸ˣСЦԴ˺˭أ

Ļ룬ͽˣҲûӡסҲöЦʹϢŭ͵ŮӣԵŮӲͬ
Ŷѧʲôرź򹦷򣿡Сʮ˰㡮աͲ˵ˣŮ˶ͨʲôڲͬġ򡯣

Ļŵر֮ڴˡ
ǾʲôˡСֱӷ񵥣Ц迴ǰɣҸʲôþ͸ͣ۸ǾǲǣУҼסˡ
תߡ

Ļźˡ
ǳĺֲر
Ǽô͸һ˵
۳Ҫ뿪Ļæ׷ϼŮӣ붼ף

С˴źصӣСһֻѾż
ͷ
û壬˵һ飿




154.   154    ҹ

154 

СĽŲɿ졣
Ϲȥʱ, ˳ǣ֣û
, ͱ˵¡
ûü˵СѾ, һ磡

ܹϥǺɩ, ɩӡ
µġĿڣᶨص
˳Ҳߣ

˵žҪ, ȴСһקסɩӣ
ְ˳ҸϽȥ
Сһ˳ˣȥˣ
˵ɩҵˡ

ղŷ, Ļһ仰ըƵߡ
ûͷʱ򣬲ӵľ׵Ƕǵˡ
ĻżȻס, һЦ

Ů붼ף, ŮӱˡĻֵصҼҴѰ͸붼, ⡣

ķ£ȫСġ洫ĻŮɫͷǸʲô, Сúܡ
䡰⣬⡱ʲô˼СƷװס

Ļһ, ҿ
ĻűȥԺ
۵һСΡСŲ˶٣첽ȥÿӡ
ǸŮ̧ۡ
С̵һӡ



ȥຼʱ, ͵͵ģ
ǸӢˬС½ٷ˱仯ܴ
ǸׯòˣرͦΣرȣ㿴Եĸʲô벻һӳñ˹Ǻ
ʱС̾һ
顣

СקĻţְϻصԴôҵҵŮӵģ
Ļ΢ЦǴΪŻȻǾľͶá
⻰˵ãСʮа˾žǸģƨ֪
Сſ΢ЦԴˡ

Ͷˣ
ĻЦջʹˡʹҼҴ¡
Դ˵£Ƕ˵㡣СҧЦģԴΪ˶µ£һװ׸Ƕ

ĻŻΪɹһҾҾصл
СЦߡһ뿪תνŷɱ
ɩҵˣ

ʲô˳ȾϲĶأ
ĿֻС˵
Сͷ˿ա
أ⣬ġ
ô˵أ
ڣۼңǰ档˵óŷԺء

ġСӴǰףΪɩӱ壬ˡŪ͸㣬㡭档
˵ֻ꣬Χʮְ
˳˵ֻ۾͵ƻ

ϣĺ
ãʣԼ֪ʲô𣿡
һ֪ءСڽҾÿӴæһۣҶûҸ˵

ʣ磬Ҫô죿
ȥô֪ҺĹġ۾ڱŭ⣬ٲ½ңúõĵҷˣôͳġ
Сֲ֪˻ĺȥ

ֺã
ǲѨ
һԽҲ֣
СԼõϴӡ

Ȼ˳زһ졣
ǸС㰲ɩӽ𣿡
캮ضģ˵ʱˣоˡ

ͻȻ
С
Сһ͡
תܣ

ޥڽֽŶÿҪˡ
ڽϴˣǺþûĸˡ
ַ֣߹˹³ȫǰ
ſ£ſ£˻ָǱذס
ҹ롣

ղţнŲӱÿΪҪء
Ŀһۡ漴£ۼֻһۺ۽£Žߣǳ
̫ˣû塣룿ǶţǷ㣿
֮ͨ·Ǵͷ

Ϊϸ½ٷˣѾ߱˸е֪ʶ
ִܴͷˣȻȨˡǸʲôأʵǵڿʲôرȨƵˡ
ȴûȨġ
ʵ˷ѽ⡣

뿪½ңӿЩѺ˴Ϸ򣬺򶫣򱱵ġ
·ʹȥģû˸ֻʵʡ
յĹ˴֧ŶȫǹٻӶ࣬ϵرǻ
ǵ

ͽһլԺʲô˼ҵıԷһСԺ
ܳԹܺȣһֱû
ޥȻ֪ʱ취˾̫˫·ӣԲŰھıԷݲᡣ

˫һӣ·ûͨףƲʵ۸ǰĵһ̫ࡣ
ʱԷǸŮӡ
ȥ
ףּ޵ຼ½ңʵ˺档
ҪǸף˺档ˣԼĹȥúܽҶ档

һޥȥΪԼܼ
ûԵˣֻԼ
Ȼ춯ޥסذ׵ı

Юסá
õġ
ܵĻ½Լ

Ȼؼȥ½Э[[½ԣļҡ
ûˣһжû塣ͭ[[ӣԺʲôȥ
ԣ±ס½ңӶҪ
ǣ治ܣͬھ

ΪһеһУԵôһˣ
½ͽݵ̰ӰֻɣʤʱҲɡ
Դڣ˶½˰ѱʤʱֶֻκ͹ߡ
ӸնΪм˵ʤʱûѽݵ·ŵԺٴ½ϻȡʲôĺô

Ҳ˵ԣֻǹڼ򵥺ʹֲڡޥֻǸլˣڹٳ̶ֳȵ˽⣬ѾǸϸʿ֮ҵˡ
ΪǣûӼߵ罻Ϳԡ

Ķޥۣսذס
ȴûһЦԼ̾һ䣺ȻǸˡҸˡ̡
Ȼ˱ˣûиޥֵĻᡣ

˼գи̡
˰Ҳֻǰſ֡ʵ˵ĺҲ
ޥԭ֪Ǹʲôģֻҡ˼䣬ץϵĲݺȥ
˴˳ȹ϶ǲˮ
̫ңūҽ̲ˡǱ

ȥһЦ˵Ի˵ĿζأϲĥŮˣҵģŴ
˶һЦ
ЦĶ⣬ȶԻҲޥ

ޥڱͽ˻
ڽ˺þã˶ƵģֽŶ춳ˡ
ˣص½ΰɡ
ӱÿޥ̧ۣ˳

ǸģصС
Ǹװ磬ſڱտڽС˵ϹޥҲȥ
ֻת䣬Ӻ¶ɫߵ½ǣ
ޥü

һԺӣŵſڣòŮӭˣݡ
ӭУ
ˣûȿ𡣡ǵ
̽˿Ѭ¯̧Ϻõ˿̿ûһ
һۣҾߣᣣֻڼŮڹػ͸֮С
ǡ½ġ

ˮȷ¯ȺˡǼ˵ˣŮ
׼ȵϴˮԡ꾫֬

ŮҵĶأ
Ů̧ˣ档
ޥȡ˻ϴھϴģҵĶ
ŮǱ˳ȥҶ

Ե˽ϴ辻ĶѲһ飬ʳڰ˴αʲôس
Ȼ󶪽һרŷ˵ԺŰšȥ˶ʹź򣻻Ǵ͡ˡ
һжжؿѭ
λʹƨһذţǽӴ͵ı׼

СšʹһĻ˵ԺҪġʲôԵҪ̱ҡ
ʹ˵ʱַĵ

ǸǳЦüƯӢꡣ
䰲ӺĶΪԴ״һܡ
ټĶǻŮκ뷨
˭ʹЦȥģ뷨

ޥϴ裬˸ɾغذ
ǽҪˣ롣
ϴɾڴϵ
һֱȵ˯ţҲû֡

ҹޥͻȻѣӣů紺һˡ
Ǵ
Լļﲻ߶εˣϤˡ뿪½ҵ棬˵ľȫ˯ˣ˿ᾪѡ
ޥ£˯ˡ

ҲŮ˭ĸϣ
Ůֻףˡ
ޥˣ㲻ˡ
ֻһգҹҹͻȻѣȴûˡ
˯жܵĽӽϢʲôˣ






155.   155    ת

155 

ԪԪ, ϲա
ղ̫á
Ϸձƽʱء

㵽׼ʲôʱȥ¹Сͱʡ
ǰޥԶڱ𴦣㡰ɩӡɩӡؽС
ޥǰ, ҽˣָĻ˽С¹

ϣ֧齼, ָֻŶǣĿ, Ȳ
Щ˾ϲ˵ϹСЦ֪Ļ, ֱȥǱʲô죿
˵

С¹Ҳأʲô֪, İĵط/ü, ֪ôء
ޥ˻֮ʹ˵, ˭Ҹ֪֪ۡԼ䵽˻
Ǻδ֪ġȻŻ㱨ֵʮְ, һŮӣ˱, ȷǻɣ
۾

˳Сʹɫ
С⣬˵˯̤ʵҹ˳ѣͼʲôѽҳ¹ຼʱ, ˶ûˣӽǸû˼Ц, ຼʱЦÿɺÿˡһӹúãҲûΪʲô˶ףĪ°ߡ

Ŀ⵶һȥ
һŭ
ԶԶؿţĵعţͲҴ˵ˡ
һֱȥޥҲǲ֪ô˵¡

˵һ͵͵ڿءС˵µء
۾졣
˳ڵأղ죬Ҳһ
Сɲ
ɡüģվȥ
˳Сվˡ

ޥ߿顣
סʱ򣬷лԿաԸϴණ
ӣ飬һЩɵС⡣
Ǵæճġ

ʱޥΪĻǸ˵֣Ҳû⡣˭֪ˣˣҲδ֡
ôõ½ٷŪΪ
ޥԺصȡ

ǻ±仯ġ粻ǴӼӵС½ҵ߰شĥԡ
ģһŵŮ˱رʣ˵

ˣ̤뷿еʱ򣬿ıһŵıӰ
·ǵɷҵӡ
һ˲㱡
Ǹˡ

ޥĿͶҳϣȴҳϡ
ոԺȻ춯֪ˡ
ȻӳϵĽŲ
ǽŲ߽Уͣſڣٶˡ
ޥǱ飬쵽סذס
ȴȻ˻

˾
ޥٴУƴһɢˡ
ζסվתȥ

еʲôʵȨƹˣվ˿羢ӢӲʣĴɫ֪Ϊڳˣһ躷֮С
ڵŽߵĻ衣ϸצֺֺۣ
ޥʵˡ

ǸߴǰһЩͣ£ֵ͵͵ػһ
һһ˽ᡣ
ʶϤƵġ֪֣˼ɩδ
ޥˡ
£һ£ʣλ

Ȼסȭһĳȥ
֪ţ˶ñˡò䣬ԸҲ䡣
ļУʼǵǸǧߵˬŮ⣬档

ֻǰŮվתȴһ»Ůӡ
£һתϮ
İ㳤ˡ

ʵ֪ƾòҲ޷ϳ
ԣϲ̫
Ϊʲô໹ôܣ
Ϊʲô·ˮһҪϢ

뵽ˡ
վǣ㡣

ĺôһϢ
ͷҰͻʱҪͻ
Σա
ʱޥɵأ̽Żһ
ĸ磿

ҰȻ˳צ
⣬ȴҲɬ
ĸ硭ʲôƺ
֮ġĳƺ

ޥע⵽˵Ĵ
ԭǲȻĴɫͿ˴֬ġ
ͿŴ֬
֪
·һԺϢۺһ

ϸüۡ
꣬úõؿأԼҪס
վǼ仹ﵭȥˡ
վ½ϡ
ĸ磿ǰһ𣿡

硱ǵĳƺٲΪ½ٷʹˡ
ôǲҲóƺΪ½ٷˡأ
Ӧõġ
촽˶ȴ޷һ½ٷˡ

ʹӴʧˡ
ġ
ģ
ҡ㻹ǵң

ޥ촽ʣǾǣĸۡ
ǡ
ޥǱʣ˰Ūģ
ǡΪֺңġҲ֪顣

˵꣬㿴ޥ򶼷ˡ
һο̫ˡ

ˣİˣȻϣǸˡ
ȻġԼˡ
ޣסˡ


ȴûзɡ
һ㣬ʣЩ˿ǶӲˣ
ûСޥһ·䲻ôҲû֡û£ġ
һôͱѺŵˣƵߵЩ꣬ˣ򶼻ķˣ

ûСû취ޥ˳¸֪ʤʱסҹİѱҪЮҪҡ
½ҾͰ׳ˣ
ޥԸġ
䡣

һҽɷТ˳ţڼּҡдûнΪ½ˡ
ĸ֣õúˡﺬH˼˶ס

ޥͷȥ̧ͷӡ
еذףǴʲô
ޥԭ֪㣬ԭǴȼǸˣЮס¡ĸ磬ҡû˵ġ°ܣֻͬھ

ĿΪ½ңԼҪˣ
ޥ½ұҵļңһҾûˣҪɢĸ磬ǲԴеġ
ԭˡ
ޥ˵½ٷˣ˵
¸ı࣬վܰһЩı䡣

ޥϵȥ鶼ࡣ
ĸ硣ʣڶ˵ˣԭһᡣǣܲһؿȥ

ʵ½ھǡ¾ҪˣҪ֪ôһ£ػӰ
ǻؿȥ
ǣϢؽӴԺ˭ҲԶҲҪ½֪ĺá

Ȱĸײ޳ܵСˡ
Ҳңʧɡ
ˣܼ

ޥ󣬵Ȼܵġ
ͻؿ⸮Ȼ裬һаƽԵͿԲӰؼˡ

ʱܡûô򵥡
˲ʤʱˡҡ񣬱Ϊ¡ǹٳء
ҵȴһ£ҪȻǸ鷳

ٳĹޥֻ֪һЩҪּɶڣƩͬżҵʱҪ潻ʵ£Ҫ½
Ͼޥɷֻһӣûھ
ٳϵ£Ů㴦ˡ

ޥǶԹٳ֪øһЩ߶Իĸ˽øһЩ֪Բʵˡ
֪࣬Ļٶ˵ģġ
ˡ

ֵ⸮Ǳô£㹫ʲôѱסˣ
½ŵϱ׳ˣµʲôأ
ǼԺ
ޥͷǹٳϵһЩ£Ҳر

ɨµüۡ
˵ѣΪ½Ҵڻ
ɫáס£Ұˣٿܲȥ

ÿű˵ĻԼ⡣
˵ǡٿܲȥޥĶͳˡҰˣȥ
ǣֺ֮ǧ

ޥļȫüҲȫˣ̧Żϵллĸˡ
֣ҡ
ޥԼذףԥһ£˻

ذ׵ļ⣬̧㲻Ҫ̤ʵ˯ˡ
áޥɵǺþṳ̂ʵ˯ˡ⼸գÿĪˡ
ɫް

߳ŵʱ򣬿˳Сһһҵژϣڽǡ
˶٣ߡ
һԸųȥ

ȵ뿪ޥԺӣСſڣ磬㲻ͻȥɣ
ĽŲ˶٣漴ִǰߡ
˵ѽС׷ȥ㵹Ǹ׼
Ĭ

Сյ˳˵仰
˳Ҳ롣
ȻĬ

Ĭǰߡ
Сŭˡ
վסȵ
۾ŭӿ

ຼҲܡڿ⣬Ҳܡǰˣ
ӵ곤ɳھǹˣգ㷴Ҫ֣
ֵѪȨƣɲΪίԼȫ˵ģ

οõ½ٷˣ½ôԵˣ
˵ѵﻹף
ģҪȥȥʲôأѾ֪Ĺϵ㻹ǰˣ

ıŭˡ
£˺ܾˡ

˵Ҿˡ£ͷβǶû֡أ
үֱ͵ˣ
ˣҪǻͻȥ½ٷˡޣԺ˵Ҹ磬ˣ

վﴹ
С˵Ķԣү͵ߵġ
⡣
費ȡ̡

ת˿˳˿С
۳ȿɿȻǿ˳
˵䣬ǵС

Сȥ⸮Ұ°ˡ
ȥ죬ˡ
˪
޼ҿɹ飬޴ɻأ޷룬ֻߡ




156.   156    

156 

ޥŻıӰʧ, һ¡
Ҹ硭仯̫ˡ
ڻ̼ǵõ곤ɳС̲, Ǹŭꡣ
˵ǿǸ˵ġ

ڣ, Ĵ֬ʱˡֱֱӸС
ͨ, ȨļԺ
ǺڵƽۣȨơ

Ȩơ
֮, Դͷȫϡ
Ҹ̫Ȩƣ˶˼ֻΪֺ, ҪɢĸŮϱ
ޥ̾Ϣ
תͷ⣬˴Ǿǡ
½Ҳھǡ
, Ҫ֪Ҳڡ

ʱС˻ָʾ, ֿЦˡ
硣
꣬ܲƽ磬Ȼûʧ
ϡ촽, ҡ

ʱ⸮, [[źİӣʣţʲôʱ
½޷ش, ۾ʪ

ٲͻᱻ[[ˡС, µʱ䣬Ϳһˡ

ǣܻ
½˱۾ˮ
[[ţޡ

ʱ½ھǿ繲꣬ˡ
½ס
ӵǰҴػ·ˡ

ʮգʦ֪ҵģӴѵǸ竲ɣԸ˵ˡȲԸ̶Ҳڵģֵһޣҳȫǡ
ƫû˵һ䣬ֻᡣˡˣ˭֪벻˴ЩǮǰڰ·ˡ
ɥ

ϯɢˣ½ƽ۵ģҪٷˡ
ϣƽ̵ģĲģˡ
̾һӦˡ

Ȳڵؾֲܵͷˡ
м䣬ͷܴĥ
ʲôء
䳣ģǧǧͨųˡ

½ƽ۵¯
Ķģ½ʵںܲϲ
ӦҲ࣬ĸ׵ķǲ˻𿻸˵ģһڷаںܶˮʪ
ޥȴϲпǻɽĻ𿻡
[[Ҳϲ𿻣齸棬ˣÿ

ˣޥһָ[[˺ӣٹϰɫëߣ껭ϵĸޡ
˵ޥûɫˡ
žۣĸҲãһ¡


żĸסӡŮ½Ĵ߹Ц⡣
һδǣһҪǸһ¡
־ڱصá

أ·һҸۡſڡ
Ƹ߹ңݻϵĸ׶̽ǶŰġ
Ҳ͵
ֻſڵң
棬͵ġ

ˣޥò˯˸̤̤ʵʵľ
ֻ˸ΣμԼվڰߣһ밶ԶȥȴûܵϴۿŴԶȥòСĿڻš

óࡣ֮ǰȷʵС˵ʵ㲵ġ
һ룬һʱ䣬ȻǾʳ

͵ϵ˽裬ȥ⸮ȥˣô֪Ǵǰ¡
ޥȴͷȻ𣿡
֪
ޥ̾һ

Ҵδ㡣ֻȥ꣬˿⣬һλʱѡɽһѣСʱѼûˡǾˣһѵıáҺǸˣ˵ĶǴǰ¡ᵽ㡣
£ʵǳ֮⣬ûԵ֪ˡ
ķǡþԣҲǺ½һ塣ʤʱҲԡ˵ˣԡ

ͷʤʱֵܣһжһоšʶŮӵɷӦ֮ͬˡ
ԣ㡣

ޥӻĻ֮⡣
ĻǴǰˣǸ½µҪˡ
˵լŮӣûô຦˵˼Ҳط󣬽ҵ¸˷ֽ˳ҵĴ죬ʵֵġ

Ȼⶼºķ˼
ڵʱ뵽أûաܰܰǴ֣Ҳ˳ھˡ
լŮӣôϵõڵһֶѣôһ¸ޥ

£Ůܹܵˡޥ˵ڼҵʱȳƲģǴ˸͹ЩƷһ֪
гһ֪ܰܰɷʲô֪᲻½˶½ǰʧ
һˣ飬֪޵ǹ

ܰܰɷֺ͹ְ
ޥĸ磬Ҫʲô
£ѵʲô֪ڲһˣ˶˼ҵϱĪҪѧʲôԵ±Թ

ȻޥԺαأ
Цˡ
ޥպһοЦ
ǹο
ޥãˡ

ǰֹͿ֬Ǹʲôӡ᲻
ԭᡣʵͦÿġ
ֻҵѡ
Ӧˣá

ʣһǣҪҪȥ䣿
ޥȴҡͷˡ
½ٷôʱھǡóھǵġ
˵һһ߽ݻຼʶǰϿľӡ

Ͻţ½½ԣھǣҪȥ𣿡
ޥ͵̧ͷһۻ
΢΢ͷȥܾҪ³ǲҪԵĻ鷳ĸ磬ĸ߶ţȥ

ȻޥͻʵϤ
Сʱʵ֮Ҳ̫Զν磬Ҳֻǻδ޴һʵĻɻ㣬ҲŲ졣
񣬺ͼԺǲʮǧ

ޥô벻һ䣬ʣǣҼ
һôܵű˵棬ʳһ⣿
ޥȻ̧ͷ

ֻңˣȥصȥ𣿡
ޥס
˫߬סȹڡ

ػ
ڵʱڰƤʵݼɢǰȿǵôסҡªļƲߣðյоΪץסһ½˶˲ñġ
ˣ͵ÿǱ¡
ֻһˣ˿֤ףҪô½˵

䣬檳ˡ
ࡱֻ֣ԼŮӵġ
˫߬ȹ߬÷׵֣֪ޥҲĹš

ܺá
عص˶عصˣʤ涼ܴ
ǲعصˡ
ѭ浸أƶξ
Ϊ߱治£λὫЩط
ЩأֻԼ˵Ĺߡ

ܡޥȻ̧ͷĸźˡ
ͳģ
ĸ뽫ߡޥֵڽΪ٣뽫ҺŮһͬȥѣȥԼеҲͬ⣬һ

½Ϊвȣ϶뽫ޥ׳ġȻţɷھǣ˭뽫ޥ׳ˡ
ֻˡѡ֡Ĺʲôİѱôʤʱһ顣

ȴ˵ģĸҲˣ侹ĸ޷ţ
Ȼеġޥᶨص٣ȷеġ
߻뿪ᰲźãϸһ꣬һȥ
ֻҪĸ羡˽ߵ£߬øңܻȥġ

ȴϥͷ̧ۣƭأ
νߣΪյΪأ
½ңûȥأ

ݼҵŮ½Ϸˣô벻һŮֻζʲô
˭֤ף
ײ׸Ҫ뿪½ҵһѾˡ
½ϣܲһ㡣

ޥ۾ǰˡ
³ÿһ֡
Ҹؾһµˣ
ܡ˵㶾






157.   157    

157 

ޥ۾, ֪վ档
Ͼլˣٶ飬ٴϻ, ڴֻ£Ů, ۽վޡġ񡱵֪Ҳޡ
ɵɵġ

ޥش, վ
ҵѾȥˣʲôɡ, 㲻Ըķ֪Ҳ԰š
ֻĸϣ, ̫档

뿪ޥԺӣصԼϷ
С׷Ϣ˵
ҪϢ¼, ŷŸ롣
˳ʣ

ǳôһ񣬵л
С˵, ѹˣӵȥȿӡ, ȥ¸ǰñ߹ġҪ㽭ʹλã

˳Ҳǻֵ, Ҳ˽İ·񣬲죬š
Ȼ, ŵӾȥ㽭Ҫˮ·鶨ˣԴʲôʱ, ϵ
˳Цˡ
֪ܱԵСӡ
һһ롣ллñĳҲñ
ޥƽˡһݳȻ

³ޥ˵ǲŵġ
˵ĻҲšԻ˽ĸֻƾ㿴˵۹ȥ²⡣
ԺһܶĶɡҸ翴Ŀⶼġ
ڳɳС̲ʮ
ǰɫĴ֬ȴǰˡ

Ȼ֪ģҲ֪ѽ˵ôأʱûа취ˡ
½ΪһҵˣҪޥšߣʤʱŰѱв½ҡǸ£ôڿ֮С
³һšǵһ

ĸ磬㲻Ҫٸ˵ˡǲŵġ˵
оȻûвɣ峺
һϱ溱ϱŴϱТҲȻġ

עӣֻǳ˵
ҸǺܺÿģҪܶЦЦûô˺ˡ
Цú٣½ԣЦ

һӣµò½ѧģ
黭ĸûһͨġޥȻңϧǸľֻѧ塣
ʣĸѧ壿

ҽԺġʱܰ飬ҵҽԺꡣ
ޥ΢оȣ˼ӵܣȥԺġɣ˽ʶ֣Ϲˡ
ĸû˵ء
ʱС˵ҲʱдŸ㣬š

˵ʱ򡱣бʧࡣ
ĸ粻Ҫ˵ˣ˵˵Լɡޥл˻⣬Щ꣬ɻã
㿴ţأ

̧ͷһöָ䷭ת
䣬ڵ׽ߵۻӾϵѹȸС
λȨءĸ֣·Ҳһ˽
ޥȴĿ⡣

Ƭ̣ʣҲã
Ҳ֪ޥǺˣֲ˵òá
ӣ֧ȣϥϣ˵˵ɣûϵ

ޥ䣬˳ʮ꣬գ˵ȥˣ̲ס룬ĸǲҲȥˣ
ֻҲ֪ҲҴޥ˵˵㻹ǵ𣿡
ߡѾͷ

꣬дŸԼѾͷȡ֡
ſļ졣
Ϊ˵
ߣЩż
˼򵥡޷ǣѾߣǹᡣ

ţ߸Ҽ޵½ȥˡޥݺݵؾңɲĸˡҲҴġ
ȵ۵£ţĸôӦȥˡȻ
ٺ˱ĸһ졮ƽ֣˵ԺǸţһˡ

լ֪ʮޡżὲһЩҲϸʱ˵˵ˡֻĸöһЩż˵˵ţòĸ硣ƽ֣ġ
ֻû뵽ĸ˵ˡǸˣҲ㡣
˼ԺҷҲ˵Ǹˡ


ޥȴĬƬ̣ŵֻһ뵱꣬ȥ˵Щúɵ
ҵʱʵʲôġǿ˻ӣһţñҪһˣͨˡ

֪ĸѣʵʱ򣬲֪ĸ絽жѡ
ٸһᣬҶ˵Щɵˡ
бվбŬƤӣ̫ˡ
ĸߵ·Եľ̫ѣ̫ѡ

ʵҲûȫ롣
ЩɫӰצЩĶļ䡣
ָоδˡ
䣬ֻһĸо

üۡ
֬졣
ϵˮˡյСŮˡ
̰

ˣǺ̰ġ
ǰܼ޵úã𱻼ױˣˡ
֪ڽϹƽˡ
ǰȴ֪ˡ
ܻҪࡣ
Ƚˣ
֡

ޥֻ̧̧ۣ֣ۣӣĸ磿
ͣסӲ
ţ

ջתͷſ
Ҳˡãڶ˰ɣ
ޥͷ

ʵô¶Ի˵ǷΪǵĻ
Ϊ޶꣬˵壬ȻǶˡ
Ϊˣ֪Ĵжѡ
žԼɵ

°ڣվ£ˡ
ޥȥӰ̾һϢ
ˡ
գǬ幬䣬ְ⵹ţ˼ԺⶼϴҶ֪ģܴϣżƮޥ¡
Щ֪ĵط˭֪ʲôء
˵½˵ʱ򣬶ܰµһˣն
Щ߹·ɿ

뿪ޥԺӣںԼ侲Ƭ̡
ƬԶԶغȻһˡ
ǸСţϴЦڴû¶顣
ͨʱľȻġ

ʲô֣֪ǽҶŮ
СӣͻȻҶĴڡ
ȥ߽ҶӽûԺӡ

Ҷû뵽Сһ˳ȻʧȥڻȨ
ôأʲôˣʡ
СӲίأʲôҲûɰðɣڳȷȳһҡҲһ

ɵҶӵʲôϵһǷʲôˡ
Сӵʧ˰ɣ
Ҷͷ㣺ͦʱˣ˵ˡôûأ
Ǹ˷ǵûɡ
½أǺ⡣






158.   158    

158 

½ʶһЩǰ½ִ˾ǡ⼸ʷ, Ҷ磬ۻĶࡣһһ
ִҸн, ˴ϵؽύµѡһ̸Ͷ, ˻Ͷˡ

һ, ¥ɢˡͶ˵˵ЦЦ, ѱͬ
½òѧٮٮߵ, Ըύ
¥ݣ, һʱ죬ӭײ˼ͷ

½ֻһɴ, ʶ׽סֱͬۡ
ڴͬʱײҲ׽סֱۣȵקס, ʹûеȥ
˵Ǹ
½ץסֱվȣü, ¡

˵꣬ſֱ, ÿ¶ڵ׽ߵϣצֺ
̧, һ˫ûиӡ
ͷ΢ݡ
ſĴɫ

ֻ½ͣһϢſֱۣȥ
ӣԶźɫѹˣ
Ƕÿк˾ƷӦһЩؾӱòߵҲϽһѣק
¥ϵĿ׷ױãһкɫ֮һϷ¥Ķ㡣

½תתֱۣ½Ťͷȥ
Ѿ϶¥ȣ߶䣬תͷ
ڿ½롣
ջߣʧڶ¥Ļϡ

ĪİŽˣÿ˺һ»Ƶģ¥¥¥¥
קһѵľ̲סʣʲô˰ôӣ
꣡иǱصľӵǼԺˡ
ؾ̱ˡ

½˶٣ʣǸˣǼԺ
ǻȻæѹ֪
½ҿۡ
ǼԺ۵ģǱǻˡ

벻ܿˡ鲻һк棬˷ܣη壬
ˣʷ϶վڶ˵ĶϵģҲ⡣οȨˡ
ֻȨ֮£˭ҲҸھӵ̸ţ߳˾¥

½صԼլƽ۵ûлѪҩƣ
ƽ۲죺ã
½ߣӣֱٺ˵ӡ

վھ¥żĴԣ俴½
½½ԣķ
֪ѾܾˡгУҲο
֪½Խ괺Ҫ³Ѿھǡ͵֮ǰδ
վǡԶԶġ
ֻⲻΥ
ףǵȢδ޵ˡ

㽭Ԫ
һʡԪһʲôݼӢ
㽭Ԫʲô
Ϊƽϱ࣬ܵĿƾٷϱϷֱ¼ȡΪϷķ綦ʢС
㽭Щط˵Ԫˣۣʮλã򱱷ʡĽԪ
Ҫ˵½Աһģ

û˸߹ԭ½½ԣ绪
С㱨ֻ˵Ƿ޶룬޶Ȼԭġ
÷ˣòŻȻ
½òŻˣ檣ܲ
һ£ûпƺ

վڴߣ
½Ըģǻ˵ġ
ߣܸЩʲôأ

һգûٳ֡
գȴһ׳ˣһѳĲޥʱ䡣˾ޥѣ¹һ꣬ɫ
ޥʶˣֻܵǣ

˳һźʵףЦﲻǵˡ
꣬ССͣܵɳѰҸ硣ʱҺСڸԱߡ˵ҵΣСǮĵҡ

ô˵ޥ˼䣺Сһǵãֻ̫ǵ㡣
˵ұҿ˳ɡ
ޥ硣
ɩӺ磬ˡ˳æ֣ɩﻹǽҿ˳ɡ

˼ҵطͣޥ
ע⵽һ飬ʣλС磬һֱĸһ𣿡
ǰֵˣһ·һ߹ġ˳ʮһˡ˼ԺҲһֱ¡أԼиסʱסڸʱԼСһֱһҲסֻȥˡ

һ·໥ֵֵܣޥһ
ԭȥλС硣һǵʮƯ
ѽ˳һĴȣɱô˵ϲ˿ÿˡҲӷǵ̵ȥɡ

˳׳׳ģ룬һˡ
ˣƯôĪİС磬Ҳ
ˣޥ̾Ϣ

ȴ˳˵ˡȥ¼ұܶˣֳǽչ˵ûͦõġô͹ȥء
ޥסʣȥ¼ұ

˳һ񣬵ͷǣȥһˡ
ޥʣȥأ
˳¼ұͶȡ

ޥȻʣʲôʱʱ£
ڸδʱĸ羹һȥݵʱ򣬸ᶼûأ
˳룬Ԫɣʱʱȵ۸յǻǸȡ

ʱ·ΪǸŽʹͰ١
綫գϵӶȥˣҲϡ
Ķ˵ֻĹвôգǱһֻһƥһҲƥƵģСƥ֦ƣƥƵġ
ֵ˭ﻹУüƥӣһƥ

÷ơޥ
ƥĹУ÷ŲӣƸӣ֦ĭ[[˰ȹӺС
Ƶģָ½Է˼
紵°ںӵʱƮȻɣرÿ

˳Цˡ
ҳȣҹȥԼѶּˡЩǸ¼ҵģЩǸġ
Ϊ£¼ɢ˻ļױһֱױ򱡣ڷܿ
ھһţѼױϡ

ԭˣֲúǷݼױѹӾȻһǧ֮࣬Ҳ
ݱĸɥ֪֮ģҲɻ󣬺дȥʱ򣬱ʡ
ֻͺţҲ˵
һţǼ£¾ͱȥˡ

û¹㡣˳߶߶ֻ𲻸ˣ˵ˣǰͷҸԺҪ¼ˣ㡣
û취Щ꣬ҲֻԶԶ㡣
ǳȥӽݹҲຼҺСߥ޸ȥ㣬Ϲȥб㡣
Ҹһ·죬˶˭֪ء˳̾Ϣ㣬ʲôˡ

˳ãޥȻġ
˵ʲôأʮǰһװˡûüŮ֮飬жˡ
ʵǣûйϵˡ
ģޥΧɷŹӣҲˡ
ֻǱ˵ˣԭһֱǹ

Ժ﷢£
ʿ˳˵˵ʲôˣ
˳Ȼһ䲻Ǵʵأ
ĬȻ

˳ͲˣҲûȥôˣ
Ĭã½ӣ԰䡣ұ½ӣ硣
½½ԣԼŮζҪķɡ
ǰޣĺĺһ

˳Ǹ˵ЦĺƢԶɴŭһ£һˡ
˵ʲôأȵ
ԵĲ˵½ĵб£¹Ǹ
ԼŮ˶û»סģ򣡡

ã̧۾
ûԥ
˵öԡ





159.   159    

159 

, ޥԺӡ
ޥʣĸ磬, ʲôʱи׼ʲôʱܶȥ

ޥû˯á
п˳Ǹ֪Щ£
գյ֡
˵, ɣޥ, ֻϣܸϽؿȥ

м뿪֮⣬
ޥֻĿͶ齼ϡ
˳˵Щ, 㲻⡣
ޥ̧
ǻ¼ҵġˣҺ¼, ˡ

ϣ˵, ʵ, Ʋøɾ
ۼѥ涼˿ġһ˫ѥӣͨռһˡ
ʱ, Ϊһƥ칬УҪĴ, üƥ
ƥӣһƥʵƥӵȻһƥиʵݡ
, ױƥ칬ױʮƥԵöࡣ

⣬ûá˶, һ˶ӡġ
⣬ûġ
ޥܲ⣿
ƫΪ
ֻϿؼȥȻصȥ룬ҲԺ뵽رķӡ
ֻߣ̫

ӶϤһС
ģĳ
յɫ˿ڲ裬£ڳɳʱ򣬱Ǯˡֻܣ㻹СأʡЩӦü㲹Щױ

ʵ죬ȥɵӭЩʲơֻʱΪɽأֽš
˻֪ʵϢʱѾڵǴˡʱɣֻܼš
žͱˡһȥ֪ʲô֡£˭˵׼أҲǾǽ¡ҰܴߵĶˣûٻȥ
Ҷȵµӣ˽ɽҲʰ޳ЩŽп˳͵ȥû뵽ûϣû뵽ôͳˡ

˳Ҳ˵ˡ
ޥţȻ˻¾Ȼ֪ʱѾȷѪꡣ
ֻȷѪУһˣʡšš
ǹһˣǣҵġ
ĸͷ˵¹̰ưңΪûгм̣ԽǮڽ

ҡܺáޥĸûױңһֱҺܺõġ
Ҷ֪˵һֱء
һֱء
ޥ̲ס

Щ㱣˵꣬ǵС̲ϵһᡣ
ϣһֱˡ
ޥ׵գȥָĨȥۡ

һļӴ˿˿оָӿ塣
˶٣ָز˲ա
ۣ񻨰һá

ޥ߬ס̧֣ۣĸ磬ֻǸ磬ҸһǼˡ
ȴҴûеù
ֵûºȷҵļˡ

ޥſ֣ȴס֡
ȻǸˡʲôˣ֪ʲôݡöġֻ˵ߡ
˵ţϵ
ǰ½Եֱۡ

Ůܲ׵ġ
ޥԼ֣ԣȴ޷
ûС
̧ۣŻ

ȴֲˡ
齼һطſ֣ߡ
ĸ磡ޥȴûֹӰʧ
ޥһ˻ġ̾Ϣ

ҹĻ٣
ڰŮΪϴͷ
۾ȻʣҶأ
Ůǵֶ˶սսػش𣺡ԼķУҪ𣿡

ȴĬش
ã³һáúôԺܡ
ŮӦǡ

ߣû֡
˳شޥʻ⡣
캮ضЩӵбߵЩŸɵÿ죬СǱߣȷͻᴫŻżҲ͹˵ƽڰɡ
ޥл

˳Ÿ߸׳׳ģȴǸʮˡ
ҪԼҡԼҲ֪ôвңµòҪȻͻȥ´ְ˱ô죿
Ժ˼ң˻ж໵
ǽͻȥ֪Ҹδޣ˵ΪһڣҲҪһ

⻰ﺬ壬ѾʮHˡ
ǴǰޥֻҪŭġ
ֻʿĹԽ˳ϻʲôH²ܷأ

˳Ļ̶ȴǸʵ
½аѱʤʱ̸ʲôȥȥ
ֻ£ô
ޥ촽ʲôû˵
ֻܰţŵŰСϢȿǱʲôʲô̬ȡ
סܻܲؼҡ

˳ɫ뿪ȥ˵϶֪ģͲ˵Ҳ֪󣬲˵
Ϊ£ϱͳˣصˡ
ڣǰĹԱӼ޶ţ˳¸֪ʤʱ
һ飬б

ʤʱ½ͬڽΪٹǽݵ̰Ӱİʱڡ
İӣһ֪ͬǣһֻЩСǮʱϲԱĶˡ
Ӱôĵطһ֤˽ݵ̰˻콵𷣣ţȫ׷˱̰µһЩҵķû
᰸ǽøɾƯأЧʣʱѹһЩԴ۲

Ҳǰ참ϵģһⰸӵèڡţΪʵ׷Լģ϶ڴˡ
Ǹʵ۰µľڡǷĹǷ˻ʵ۵⡣
һ㣬һֱС

ϢСˡ˳ô죬Сˡ
ָڰߵߵ
£ҷġ

Сȷ£˿촬
ֻˮȷЩطбٶȡСһУɴǰ½·
캮ضģСůһ·ۡźɫĶгﱼϮٶȡ
Сʵ۰¶ûôƴ
·վǳأ˶ӣ̻̣ģԺҪŪ˭

浽˿⣬ָװĽǣĽ˼Ժ⸮˾´
СλռۣȵƤĥˣҲۡ
ЩʹأȻ½Լҵͷϣ˻˻ҧЦذɣȥҰ½½
ֵС㣬֪ˡ

Ժţ½ͷƤ飬ֽŷ
ѵʤʱ壬
˵ͨʲôôЩӣ
ʲôԵ飬侲侲

һ·ԼҪ侲űװ½½ˣ·ЮĴӺҲ˼Ժ⸮˾´
ϣȴһ꣬һķҫˡ
½ǰһڣ侲ˡ

Ժȫɫֻһ֦컨
ʹ˵ͯĺ
ڼԺĵλڼʹ˳֮ϡԺӰ룬е۳裬̻ʵ۽ǰ˵ϻ
ٵģû򽻵ġ
Ĵ½½ܲɸ

¹ĹһƤҡģȴ¡
СˣԼݼˡȥ롱½ʱѾϴ裬ѣɾˬò绨Ҳ˱ȵŸ봫顣
ʱһǶűʯذףƤģʿ֪ͬ






160.   160    ɥ

160 

½
½ɫ䣺˵ʲô
½ھ͸ߴϲţٰɥ°ˣ
½½, Ӧҵģһ꣡

Ȳˣ½ĨĨͷĺҲ, ˣ˻ɵġ
˵ţվҪš
УУ½˹˲, ȥסɷ½󣬡ٵȵȣޥһܻģһܻģ

½Ծ˵ʲô
ܺõ, ұ֤ģ˵һܻ½״ε˵, ס½½󣬡㲻ܣ㲻ôޥûˣ

ˣ½ֱЦ, 㾹
˵ˣȥǸˣ취, ͻ½ز֣ø·, Ϊ½Ҳȥģ

ӣ½һƿ½ˣָıʲôܻ, ѵҼһҪ
½˵ϣ, ۺ⣺Ϊ˭㣡̰£֮ϱǻ

½ʱŻζղ½˵Ļ۵ղ˵ʲô˵ʲôǸʲôã
ס, ½˵ذȥżĻǸˣЮ, ʤʱѶ

˷ˣ½ֻǰڣõɵ˲ɣ㾹պ
½Ṧ򡭡
ƨ½ŭһլ˼ң廨ȭţܶʲôã֪Ǳ͵ʲôߣҺ££ȫʬ

˭½һѳסֱۣ֪˭ˣ˭
֪˭֪ޥˡܱãã˺֪ǿ
֪ˣҺҪ֪˭㣡½֪˭ҽȥ
ʱˣ½ӣ˵˭
սҽȥģǼԺļʹ½Ȼ벻ҪϵģȻǻ

½׻

Ժ
ǲǣȨ
һˣ

ž֮ʱҲ̸ЩҳҶСϢ
Ҳ𵱳Ȩ˻
ô˵ģ
ǸڴĥŮǳġ
˵ͽȥŮ̧ʬ塣
˵ŵģ

½˾HԸŻ˻⡣
Ȼз߶
ЩŮ˲֪ܣңԾˡ

½Ѿںˣ½ҵҲ
½ͻ񣺡У
½·ס½ֱۣ½ǼԵӰ
ˣ㻹ϱ½ϱ½ŭҵģҵأչҷˣ

Ϊ½Ұ
ʧ꣬ҲΪ½ĺ͹½յ˰
½ϲס½ˣ½֡˵ôŮôֵס
ǣİɥ£ޥô죿ô죿
ϣл·

½档
½½㣡ϵŮ½Ϸˣȥ㣡ޥ·
ʱѾѾǺˣһĻˡ

½Ҳˡ
꣬ݼҳճŮõຼټȢ
õĶ
ܱ˹飬˵סΪÿ
ˣǰЩСźŲС

ͣȻǸĸˣӺݣȻݼҵŮ
֪أݼҴСǰ涼ˮ½ĵһضܵøС
Ƕб˹
漴Ҫµȳ裺ʲô콫˷

γѣæס½ˣˣˡȷ֡л˵
½ԼӴ½гˣúչϷ
躧Ȼ
ǡҪ˷˰

½Ѿ˳ȥ
洫㣬㣬Ǽ⡣˲ˣҵģϷ˽˭ҷŷ˳÷˲أȫң
費ر½ˡ
½ס˵ϡ

̫ɵˣ̫ɵˣ
ôĻȥðա
üֽͭ[[ܻ߱
ȥ¸ҵسе
ôªļƲߣװ׵ȥ޻أΪʲôʹӦأ

½ס
Ϊվǲ
վ뱣ȫ͸
ˡ
ޥڣʲôĵʲôĥ裿

һУ⵱ĸģְȥġ
½½ԼԼֱ½еȥأ
½ס
ˮָҲ޲

½ȥǰ棬½
ִ£˲Ϊصŵĸ롣
֪ޥ֮µģԺ裬Ժ½½ܹܵĳӣߵĴ󲮸硣

췢ţȡ¾ᡣ½ȥ¼š
½Ҫ¼𣿡Ǽ
½ͣҪĵͣ

½ԺʹŻķףһذףģ·ڼлһ㡣
ĵȥݱɥЦ˵ݸ¼ұйϵ˼Ҷ֪Զ޵ຼ½ϵ¼ҹˡ
ˣݵ̰̰°ٲ֡
½ˣǶ˺ͨġ

ӽԺٲĵǣԼԺĳŵ
ΪŵССһΡ
벻һϱûˣȢһˡ

Ҫ¼ˣҪô죿½ʡ
ԣ½ǲҪ̫죬ȷţգȥǸ֮ǰŰͻຼȥܲ׷ຼȥ
½ʣǹ
Ҫء½£ԽŰ֪

½룬ֵճĳǹӵĺѡֻ½ӻִ
½޵ܵĶӡҺġô졣ͷҡϸ룬ʲôҪעĵطһҪ棬Ҫ¶
½Ӧˣˡ

𣬿⸮½֪ͬҵķ˱㲡ˡ
ţ½ҷ˸ţȵ½ٷ˾ˡ
ǲ׷ۡ
˵½˱ΪجĲŲġ
ϱúãøŮƵģ϶ġ
ҪôĵϱҲġ

˵˵½
ĳ򣬼ﻹŮҪһɡ
϶Ŵǰɣˣһõġ
Ҳǡ˵ֶŮǺܲģʮ塭
ֶŮҲ̫СˣŮʮߣǰͷǸͻȻûˣ˵á


Сױд˸ĻظŷŸ롣
˿ϵˡ
ȷšȱݾߣʰСӣʰСġ
ʤʱءС°ͣȻҲǲϾͶǡ
ߣȥ˳¸ʹе߿գǼԺţֻܿȥء
ȥøȡ






161.   161    ƾ

161 

˳¸
ʤʱէʹʱ, о壬ϻܶ˵ס
֪һ䣺벻ݵ̰Ӱ©㡣˶, ţŹ㣿
ʤʱˡ

Ҫϣĵص½˶Ѿˣͱ˷ʱˡҲû֤, ǼԺ참Ҫʲô֤ءҪҪ֤, ΧլӣҾ, 㿴ܲҵ֤ݣ
ʤʱһѪֱ
½ǷؾԺ͸¶˴£
ⲻܡһթ

ɾ֪թΣԺ참, ǲҪ֤ݵġ
̲참Ҳ֤, ˣѶ, ٶ
Ժ෴϶Ѷ, ֤֤Ҫʵ֤ݶѲǾͿʵ۵˼

ʤʱҲɵµթ, ἰ½һʶָŮ˱ضй
ֻ˼, ͸Ů˾üԺѽݵ·ˣ
Ī½ͲϣŮ֪˽ݵ£ָ˻
Ǽпܡ

ϲԼǣȥ, ʤʱһѪ˺Ҫ粻ġ
ʱ׸ţӰ
أǰ󱲵ĶҲԽȥ
ɣţ٣ֻո˳ɡ
ڶûãżؼЪšҲˣǵð͵ǻȥ

ˣʤʱһѪ࣬˹ȥ
ԼһƬңУֹˮģҳһƬ

ǣȻ˵ƽ֮յСķɸ봫顣
ŴֱøޥСϢˡ
ޥɫʲôҲЦʱ˭ҲϿʲô
Ǿֽޥ֪Ϊ

վҪġ
ڻǴӻӹչ
İС磬ļʹд仰

½ٷѲš
¼ұɥ
½潭ݵ̰̰°ڲ顣

ޥֻתһɣŷСֽƮϡ΢Σһ
ּۿ죬׽סֱۣ
ޥҲץסֱۣ֧סԼ

ڶϣģûи飺˵ġ
ޥؿغ
ĸƭ
ޥһ

ҹ½̧ͷ۾ͨ죬һ˰ˡ
𣿲ɡ
·ϣסھԷӣ¡µʱ䣬㹻ޥˡ
ʵôͲԼӳһ𣬾ͻزȥء
һֱ˰ˡ

ԼѡҲܲޡϾ½̰£ʲô¶ûУ˶¾á
׽סֱ۵ֲ
˲еû΢оȡΪ½ٷˣ򶼶ˡ

ޥؿڲ͸һ
Ҫſֵ½ӽݵ̰̰°Сڲˡ
ޥס̧ͷ
ǰյĿģǽ¡

ĻʵЩѣ
ȻصƤʵݣҾš
ͷģһĺ̳

ôأĸ½ԡ
ޥһǰΪĸֳ谮ţ޺Ϊĸ۰ţǰҲ˳˳ˮûˡ
ʱˡ

ĸ硣󣬡ܲܡ㡭
Ŀɫ
Ȼ֪ʲô
Ŀãʣ½˴㣬㻹ҪΪ飿

ޥ᣺ȴ½ߣҼˡֻкӡ
һŭּţȥġذˡ½ҪУֻһˣҾȫǣѹȥ

ʣ֪ǣ˺Ͷ£
ޥȻ֪
Ҳе߳ܡɣվܿ½˺½ŢĻ[[Ҳʧȥݡ
ΪѾߵһˡ
Ϊ½ϡѾˡ

ܡ˵ȴ˵ȥ
֪ܲ᲻ԼǣȥȻۿ½Ҿʹ˻ˣҲۻ


ҵȻܡ͸Ըţ͸ȨƶУ衢ʤʱ½永ȴѵЩˣЩ¡ҵȻܰڵƽ
ֻһֱֱ۵֣ңƾʲô

棬ҪҪηաƾʲôأ
½ңʲôʸҪĴȣ
ޥá
ˡ
½ٷˣ棿ٳЩ£Ҳǲ
صǰֱʮŮǰˣ

ޥ۾ͷã̧ۡ
̧ͷ䣬½ٷˡ
ʣĸ磬Ҫʲôſϰæ

Ҫģ֪ġ
ޥЦˣᡣ
ʵ

Ҫң
½ԡ
񣬷ҲɻأҲɹ顣
½ԡ
Ѿˡ
½ԡ
ĸҪңȥɡ
½԰

ſ˫֣СĵؽޥȦԼĻ󣬽رס
ڵġ
һֱһֱ˵һ䡪㳤ˡ
ҵ˺ö꣬㳤ҵӡ
ֻ벻һ졣

ޥţʪۡ
ҧĸ磬һ¡
֪ûϵӵص㰮½ԣûϵ
ֻҪܴ߾ͺá
ңûϵ
Ұ㣬͹ˡ

ޥޥ¡
Դ˽ᷢһ
ͷţڵ⣬ҵġ
½һӵļңһӵķһӶ½ңٲȥˡ

ޥ۾Ữա
ϵĽߣѵƤʹ
ֱҲ̫޷

¿ӡеĹٸŶʼת
ٿӣڵõ㽭ʹλãЦտˣź򡣡
֪գʵڲðƫ̻̫ӣѹ˵ġƽ׶ನֻۡΣĹϵ޸ˡԺٲٱΪˡ

㽭֮Σ˻ҡʰװ߸˴ż㽭ȥΡ
а̵ʱĳҹͣêǴȴˡ

δĴ˵ˮ
ҹĪͳˡ
ˮˮץסҵĽ
ˮԩ
һˡ

Ǻ󻰣Ҳ
ڹſӡָת
ȥԼδھ
ԟRñʶˣҪȢޣ
ǡϣ¸档

УھۣǴͻ鶼ԡԟRǣǸһֱǰͷǸ˭
ĸŮб£ûȢ
üۼȴԟRδϲúΣǰǸ

ԟRȻʣǼ𣿡ѵ˹Ѹ
ǼˡߣȻ뿪

⡱ʲôģԟRȨû
ѵúͿʵ۵ģҲѵúͿ
ֻʮ֪ϸڣƫһû˵ģ
ֻܵȻ뿪С࣬ȥ

ɺ޵ǣС˵ʹûء
⼱ء
ʵ۴






162.   162    

162 

С糾͵ػˡ
ûŻ, ϴ̸ɾȥ˹ʵԣ̽
Ǭ幬ʵڽӼԣ˻Žȥ
ԟRһ, ΢ƣͣüģС, һ˽

ȥ, ġԹ
СһЦԺй겻꣬Ϊ˱, ϵɽ»𺣶С
ԟRЦƶ죬˵˵, Ȣ⵵ô¡

ͦ򵥵ġСһ֣ɩӱѾ, ҸһֱĿš, ø˴ɩӸҸ綩ףֶΰɩŪ͸Ҹ硣ǺȻ˵ɩӶ, żŻأҪ˹ȥ, أ˸͵ˡ
˵ţһ̯֡

ԭ, ǻǸ⡱
ԟR÷ˡ
ʣǱߣ
СˣѾˡ

Ա£С, Ҹɩ£¾д𣿡
˻ԟRǾͲʶˡ
СֵǡҲǰɡ£Ҹòأ¸¡
˸ˣھ۶ˡԟRͻҪ˵̫󡣡

С룺ȷɩӿҲ붯̫󡣡
ԟRǸŮʮϸеˣһͶǰͷǼң
Сĥĥ̽ʣ¾ãҪûÿɼǹңô

ԟRûص˴ˡǰﵹæŮ㲻Ϲ֡
С㬡
ҲӣŮȷǲͨġ
㲻ҪҲָ㵷ҡ㲻֪˵£ȻЦˡԟR£һ

Сӹؼң˳ûĸ飬ȥޥ
ޥķ½Σ¶ĺ½ǣԭ
Ѿ֪˭ˡ

˳ҲǣСҲǣֱӾ͵Ժˡ
˳ҲˣġСȴǸòʮӢ꣬ޥľòһ¡漴СϵĴ֬ˡǶˡ

Ϊ㲻ˣûôŮһ룬ʵ۵ĺ󹬶ɳġ
ĸۡƺҲϸԺԺϾûѪ֮ǡ
ޥףЩ˸ǰ򽻵˶ͬһȫµĻӦ

С硣
СüЦɩɩǵң
ޥͷ꣬ĸ磬ǵñȽľˡһǷǮء
СЦ֣һˣûʲôǷǷˡ

ȥ£ȥ˿⣬ɩɩʲôҪ֪ģҡ
ޥ̧ʣŮɺá
½ͦõģý͵͵ȥһ۲뿪ġСҲɩɩǼԺ½ҷߵġѾˣÿϱһ½ʲôرϱõŸ룬չյġ

л㡣ޥĸɺã
̫áС½Ҹ룬㲡ˡֻҲûдţֻǲţڼ
Ȼ
һˣԶˡִϣ½ʵûҲûֹ
Ҳġ

ޥ˹ȥ
СյװȲ衣²յʣ˵ڶ£
ޥǡ

ǱºʵϣѰ˼ҵ£¸
ⲻͨĻ¡
Сֱ˵ʣҳӣҪ½Խˣɩɩſϼޣ

˵ͻӰֵܣ˳Ȳˡ
ޥֵ̧ܣ˵һ񡣡
Сһ֡
̼ǵõ¹ôӢˬ͵˸õѰˣʧ
ڿţǶӣ΢΢ŭȻǵǸ
ͦá

ֵ£һᶼķġҪ̫࣬ʵûҪȦ˷ʱ侫СԣҸղ˵ģɩɩ˵𣿡
ޥתͷȥֻһ
СҲǣǰҲСֻϣɩɩԴԺҸ磬װԵʲôˡ

ޥ޿̣תͷҾ壬ʾ޼ɵȻһɩɩ㵱֪ҽĸӡûֳֻɩɩġ˭ҲûĹء

СվһҾףǵܵܲԣɩɩܾܵǡ
ֱһųЦŭĿȻ
ܵܵģȻǵþɩɩģֻǣԶ衣ɩɩһ֮Եɩɩ˵ĻɣЩ꣬Ѫ˹һ·ߵ죬н֮ȨƵλģҸ硣

ҸĵλġյȨƣɩɩף˵㣬ֵܣ˹ܼɣ﹫Ҳ˸ǵġ
ȨƣΪ˳ȫίԼģ˵ȷŲɩɩһַӽɩɩŪ͵ߵġ

Ҹ˵ʲôأ˵ĸ
Сĸָͷһһѹȥ



СһָҲѹȥ
֪һֱڿ

ʲôأҲɩɩ֪СǺ˵ġȳˣ˵ʬǣ
ɸ˵ǱǲңҲҶɩɩһͷ˿
ֻܿŸԶԶ㡣ɩɩңΪʲô

ޥĬĬ̧꣬á
ﳪ˵ףΪ˸˵û
СҲ飬̹ȻϣǵȻȻ˵Ҹ绵
ޥɡ

С£ޥͷɩɩȿңˡ
ҲޥƽֻԺһˣ廹ЩҡҲǸˣûֵۡˣˡ
С̧ͷһۡ

˵ԼǴˣСãҲǲˡ
ٴεͷɩɩ˵ǣһͷȥ췣ȥ

ޥÿɷͣƬ̣ʣ½ߣǰǶҵ𣿡
ǡСÿ㱨һΡ翴ɩɩˡ

ޥһСҼǵ㵱Ǹùµˡ
СһЦ
ģʮַˣȻһιӡȴͻһȱ֮ˡ

ޥֵ˳˺ģҲһܵһͨ˵
Сɩɩ˵Լ
ޥҲϲӣۡһˣлֱ˵ʹ졣
ǡСɣԺ󲻸ɩɩˣС

ûԵˣ֪ĸֵܣϲġޥǵ飬סҲǲҪǣҼȻӦĸ޸㲻հǰ˺βˡˣܸԶŵġ

СҪ˵ĿȻͶſڡ
ޥתͷȥվ
űޥĻ
ޥ˵úùӡ
ΪˣԶš






163.   163    

163 

, ô̰ġ
ˡ
ӵڻ, ԼûϵӾС
ɴʱ, ʾˣúù, ȴһֿɬԡ

֪ޥٲСȢ߰ɡˡ
ֻƽؽ޷Υһ, ޷ıľ£½̳
, ġҲ塣

磡Сóλá
ȥ£ˣ
һȥ˱¡СЦ˵, Ͻݼɩɩˣ˵, һȥЪˣˡ

Сˣʣ˵ʲôˣ
ޥ˵ĺû
۶, ˵ʲô㲻, Ͳ
ޥȫ㡣
ǡʮһˣһֱֵ, һ·˹ġ

СղҲһˡ֡
ʲôáˡأ
ƽ̹·߾ˡ·о, ˮУŵˡ
һ·񣬲ֵҲʤֵˡ

ޥʣ˳ǿ˳ʹЩɣ
˳ʵϱһꡣУ͡
ޥͷǱ㿵˳Ƕ壬ɡ
ϲޥô˳СãôŰɡ

ޥʣǲԺ𣿡
ǶǾġ⣬ԺעЩ
ޥأ󹬶ãûõԭ֪ǲ⣬ʵġ
ദͳˣ಻ͬġ
֪ޥͷһӦ

ƽҲ档
ΪΪ˵ԶţȴӦ޸͵úúù
ǧߵҲΪϲǰССͣﶮʲôϲϲء
ǣи塱ְˡ

߳ɳǡ
Ϊ½ҷԼǡ
Ӧ˼޸濪ʼӦµҲǡ

촽΢û˵ޥȿˡ
ңڶ£ǲ½ԵĴǡޥ˵ֱӣĸһ·һҲ¸˲嵶
˵ܶ˱Σֱĵס
أءޥֻһ˵ܻ˼ɱˡլѧģί˵շת˼ͦ۵ģʹ졣

̧Ϊ˵½ԵĴ𣿡
ޥ۾ϣǡ


ޥܡ
½ԣ׵¡ȶףֺڣˡ
ԭҲΪͶ߸ĸ֮޽ġ
ԭ͸ã̹Щ

ҺĸйԼҲ÷ĸҲ֪ʱСʵʲôġĸ磬δйŮ֮顣ޥ½ᷢءҼʱĸȲᣬҲ

ĸҼңǾҡףҼ޵½ңʵǸ߼ˡ
Ҽ޸˶ˣһֱŷн͵һգ뿴Źν֡
ҿˣԸˣĸúùӡ
ĸ磬㿴𣿡

Сʱ㡣
ޥοһЦ
ó۹ɫʶ١䲻ǻϲЦȴҲĵЦ
ЦÿҪܳЦͺˡ
ǣ֮󣬵һĵЦ
ôʹЦأ

뿪ޥԺӣصϷСϷĴء
أ
С°͵Ӱ׵ĻɩɩҪɡӵʰ
⵹ǡ߹ȥ£ԭġ

Ĵ¡
ֵһϵ£ܶСĵġ
ӵȥɩɩʲôϲıܼɵģ뷨ûⶼ˵СǣҶô죿

Ůнӹյֶ˶١
Ҷ⸮ʵһĴڡ
Ҷ֪һ
Ҳ֪ô衱
Ҹ֪Ҷһ벻ȴִڰһˡ

ӹ裺߰ɡ
СʣҪˣ
Ҫˡ
Сû˵
̧ۣ飬˶٣ʣʲô

Сµɩɩ
׹ˡ
˼룡ôô!
С£㡭
㲻ˡ

ãСĲ
ԟR䰮꣬ȴ壬ᡣҲν
Сʵǲķʽ

ǺðɡҶܷųȥ
ûģɵģ˵Ҫųȥ棬˶֪ôġ

˻֪𱰣ηȨ⸮ûһŮˣҶʼʹҪҪһԡ
ԡˡˣȱηСΪǲŪ
ˡ㲻η塰֮顣
Сˣˣš

ֻ°ˣû˰ŵġ
СŸҶŸ֮ҶȻ֪ԼҪţڿҪʧķС

𣿡ʡ
СӵءԺӴзӰšҲԺӡ
Ҷ̾˿
ôأʧءѻ졣

СڨڨʵҲͦõİгкȡֻ㲻ܳ˶ѡǴǰҲǹԺﲻܳŵġԼסһԺأڰ֪ˡ
ɵҶ˵ˣƾʲôء˵ҪˡôãˣôõĴأ˺ӣô𣿡

С̾˿ôأ
ô֪Ҷӵʵں뿴ء
°Сӵ㿴ʲô
ҶͿһǸͬأ

ǡҲܰܡСӵʵŰɡ¡
ҶӦðɡ
ɹһַڣУ뿴
СΣ㿴Ҫʲô
Ҷ֪뿴
Сӵʲôë
ҶЦÿģΪǸ
ޡСӵ

Ҷʵǰ಻סġ
ͽһλˡ
ڽҶ֮ǰʹˣһСͽҶһ
ȽҶᣬҶиѾͷء˹һ˽ġ

֮󣬾סõԺӣõѾͷ
Сȥ۵¹ⱻͽǸԺһֺ֪öԺ͡
Ҷ˵Ҷŵġ
ôܣǸˣ˵ûġ

ʵȴ֤Ҷˡ
ҶԵ޹ʽ㡣
ҶΪʲôʼǸ˺
һ棬һʰ֪ɡ

СӾãҶǳԱ˳ŵáҲûˣеá
СվĥҶֻ潶Ҷȴ

¶̧ͷǰһջޥ˵ůˣҲߡޥţΪŮˣȷһֱԺ
죬ޥ߳סһµԺӣ˻԰

Сӷɿػȥ߽ҶҿˣǸأöࡣ
ǣСȺӦңͬС
ղ̫ܵ۵ú
һҶ˵վһĻнҶӰӣ
Сɵˡ

ޥ԰Լ͵ˡ
˭ü˵
͵ʮûйص¡
ޥ½˻ӣۡŮˡûصģʡ

ǸŮӱǰ
ޥһ֪ŮŴ磬ֹ̬
۾ޥ
ֵǣޥûأȴС
ΪŮӣһ˫Ӱ峺۾

Ǹҡޥǳ˺棬㣬ʲôأ
ǻδޡޥʣļ𣿡






164.   164    Լ

164 

Ҷش𣺡Ҳǡ
ޥʣʲôˣ
Ҷ˵ǽҶ
ޥƬ, ݣʲôġ

ѵ˽Ҷǰˣûʹġ
ݵʲôأ
˼һ, һȽϽӽĴ𰸡
ǡԥŻش𣬡ѱ޵ģ

ļѵʲôΪѱ޵, Ůӣ
ޥ
Ҷˣ㡭Ҫ޸𣿡
ޥǵġγʣ

ҶûлشֻǴޥ
Ŀǳ, ޷ݡ
ޥüˣվġ
οңʡ

ҶǸܵĲ, ȴĬ˵˼
ޥüͷø
ļΪһֵֹŮӣ

Ҷ˼, ڻʣ㣬֪Ǹʲô𣿡
ʵô, Խޥش
Ҳƽʧ񡣡⸮, ڸˡ

ҶȴǸˡ
ޥȻ
Ҷ֪ð㡣ǱˣѾ˴ˡ
⵹ʵͻŮˣϿЩ, Ѿˡ

Ҷͷ˼һԥ
̧ͷ, ְ˽ڣ롭
ʱޥĿͶ
ҶǸ
Ҷ, ʲô

ҶȻͷ
£Ǹԭôÿģ
ŽҶûĻѡ
Ҷûؿ

βԵơ
ϲ
ƻĻ߾޴Ӱӣ󴲡
ҶԶӰ

µĻôĿ
ɫȫ, צɫƤëҲ
ԽҶ˵·һȫûˡ
˵Ҷ¡

дѹ
ˡǲΥġ
Ҷͷǡ
ֿһޥ
ͤеŮӣɫһˮߵɾòǳ

ҶˣôϢʱ䣬Ǿֹġ
ޥͤ￴ȥܾòʵƵġ
ͤӽҶ߲ʱ򣬽ҶڽڵֺȻˡ

ޥԼĽڲ¶һƬǼϺʲô
ޥŹ⣬۾Ҳûܿ嵽ʲôֻڽҶٶ
ޥ飬ٿתͷ
ҶѾջ֣׸ȥ
һûйصˣһ֣ȴ̱ذסȫ
ˡ

Ҷ£ޥʻ𣿡
˵ʲôѱ޵ģޥûšô
ҵĻЩˡ˵ҪȢˣ̽̽ʵʾܡ
䱻½ù֮󣬻û֣Ѿƽʱˡ

۾Ǻƽûжʼɡҡ
ҲǣȲֺĶʡ
ǡ˵ʲôˡù

˵ҲûиҶŮӾʲôˣޥ롣
ޥ㲻ˡ
֣еˣȥɡ
˵·㲻ڡ
Ŷޥȥ

ǣ֡
ޥǣš˲ٲ죬Ҳݵߡ
첻ȥţޥʡ
²ȥԺڸµʱæµʱ򲻱ࡣ

ʵϣҴڹʱ䣬ŵʱ仹ࡣ
˵ԺֻЧұ£Ͻƣޥ֪һ
˸ղŽҶĳ֣ʣ㻹˵ʲôҡ

ޥ˵ᵽˣ˵
ȻЦЦ
ʵÿе㽾

Ժǿˮ࣬仰ٵһ¡
Ŷ
޻ֻоޥղ΢֣߬߬ˡ

ϵޥԺ﹧š
ޥص㿴϶ѵСɽƵĲϣգգۡ
һϲЩǸѡ
ޥοһۡ
ʣˣ

ޥҪףҲòôɫӡҲò촩ѵġ
ȴ㲻ϲؽ𣿡
ϣͬƵĴؽ𣬱߰ƥ

ޥס
ȴɿطӦˣڲϲˣ
ޥǴģڴѣԼѡ
һֱţݣ

Сʱҹдš
Ҵûôÿѣʺʺ죬֯Žߡط˴ţĸ·һ˵ӽдؽ磬˵𣿵Ǻͦġȥݸõ

ʱ¼ҵӻ·˴ޥȥظϴ·Ǹսϴϸ񣬰ġ
ޥط˵ۣΪ̫ϲ̫ϲȲҹдţҳֽдؽһֶôÿӡ

أ
ޥˣˡ
Ǯ򣬵ţҲá

ΪʲôЩ˵ҪľԶ䣬ǵأ
ޥָӡ

ϲĻ֣ű𴦣ǻЩˣǡ
תͷʣϲʲôģ
ޥȥЩӡ

Һ¼ҳ࣬ǴӵײľʿһġҴǰҲûʲô顣
ĸˣΪ֮·ֵģЩŮ˶Ľ
ѣȻǳġΪ󡣴Žߣ˼ҵ
϶ѵСɽƵģӡ

ޥٿԼҲ۹ǺڵףĺڵҲǻؽҫ
ǵ·ҲΪ·ÿԱΪ·ӡ
ŻҪˣЩӶȥޥ֣ס˺ɫ۵ӡ

תͷǰָ̧ͷ
ޥ۾󣬵ϲģʲô
ûЦ鴽ȴͣһӡ
̷ס֣ĿƣǾͶü

ޥһЦ
ĿתЩϡ
ûƭ϶ѻӣĵȷȷϲġ
߹ȥḧŨĴ죬ıϡЩҫĹâϲ

ֻ½ÿҡͷЦ
Ҳûв
½˵ˣֻԼϲСʵǸܺõĸһֱڽ֮⣬Ҫ桰Լ
ǸƷζôŵˣƷζҲ½һġ

ޥ¡Լϲģ½ŵĸһֱ룬ѧϰƷζ
õʦôѧ滺ŵѬգȻأޥʦˡ
½ٷȴԼ޳һλϸҷˡ

ɵڣ߰½ٷˣޥȴεط֣ԭǸľŮ
֪ΪţΪ
ңϲģȻǷֵ
Ϊվҡ
ЩôͣԼԼ㶪أ

½½̧ͷлˣ
±ʣҡ
ʮ뿪⣬˾Ǳһﱨƽ
˼ңż߹䣬·ϵʱ䣬һյţС֮ǰյˡ
ȴһֱûС

ŹˣſڶżٵʮſӡҲ⡣ȿţﶼ¶̧ͷˣ㽫ˡ
Ȼ磬

ֻ½ż񵶲ÿڳż㣬Ȼֻбһš
ȴ½ġ
ﶼء½ƽۡ
Ȼƽ۲ΪȻʲôãȻá

ǳҪֿڲʣ˸ˡ
½Ϊ⡣
½࣬ƽúÿԣҪġ
ĸϣдж־ڳãӣ൱רעǣиˡ

ԭǸײĸ׺ޥޥдš
ȷǶԶ˵̫Ҫһ¡ͣҲóˡ

Ĺõķչ·нʿʿȻš١һˢˣɱؾǣһ·ɱڸ
㻮һӵĹҵ

ֻǣסͨʿ÷չ·ߡ
ڶ֮ϣһס
״Ԫۡ̽Ǳϵ˼ӡ
˲ߵģͨ˲ŵ·ߣֱӱڹ뺲֡һ·ӱޡ׫̶̽ѧʿɣ飬Ǹࡣ
ƽ죬Ľ;·ߡ

ֻ½̲סޥ
ֿã
ԹЩ
ط꣬
½׵
ޥҡ






165.   165    

165 

Ҷʵеˡ
Ϊ˵, ʵԼҪ
ӦСӵģĻẦˡ

СӴʱ䣬ʧȥ˱顣
Ҷ, һˡ
ɫ˿ѥӲڵذϣһһ, Ҷ
Ҷĺײǽ޿ˡ

վǰ, һԲֻ
һ, ͻڰ棬컹ǵһΡ
Ҷͷһؿ
ڴʼ, ʱǻᾡȥ˵ûпǸʱ򱻿ԼԸ⿴Լʱģ

Ҷ, 죬һ㡣
ʲôأʲôûѽ
ֻ, ĴھǲԵġ
ǻ¶µĳڰ
ԼܿණǸŮӿ
Ҷ֮, ǸصŮӺ浽Ҫ

Ҷǽ͵ͻ
һֱ
Ů˶˵, ҲһرĴڣԵ˻Ϊһ̸

С˵ĶԣµмֲܽҶм֡
ǲġкܶͬСǰֻҲԷ, һҶˣ֪ԼҪʲôģ׾ͿԻ罶ҶԴ

ҶŮ, չ¶ȵǿ
ˣЩǺܺõˣɣ߼ǿûϧ
Ҷȷǻеϧ
ֻʵڲãɴ¡

һֱǸˡ˵ҲãԵˣʸúûȥ
һְֻǽϣס˽Ҷ
Ҹᡣ˵ңǰȥʲô

Ҷ޷ץסʴȡ
Ϊܻŭø졣
Ҷֻ̧ۡ
۾ڰ׷

һڰ￴۾
С˵ɵġ
ݣҲ˵ԣҲ˵ȫԡ

ҶͳسΪʵǲ̫׼ȷġ
ΪԺģĹͨһ
ͨС黭ʫƻҲҪѡͬʱ汸ǧҤ潸ļܣϵ˴áļǴСĥġ

ҶĹﲻ
ʲôѧֻССԺѵ
ʹ
̶ġ
̿־塣
ˣܼģֻпˡ
ĿˣרǮĥġ


ĽҶһ˫ڰ׷۾ڰֱŻ
ҹﲻ¡˵˶ӣǻı
ԻҲǵһΣڰֱӽҶ۾

۾Ȼɾ
ˣס˫ӳԼӰӵ۾
סҶ۾

Ҷ˺ڰС
ڰǴδ֪Ŀ־塣ǶԽҶ˵Ҫﵽޡ
δڰֿ־塣

Ҷûбİ취ֻܾȭԻſ
ƶߣơ
˺ˣ˺ۡ
Ҷһֱһ


νǣָǻԣǻһͬԣΪѡ˲š
³ţޥϻΪõĵһµʱ½˿
ʼ𣿡ޥʡ
ţʮʮ壬졣

̸ܻ½ߵһѾûʲôȥԵˡ
ޥʵԻһֱһּ˵ĸоΪ÷ʶˡ̸½°ء̸½
ǻżȥǣ֣벻ǽҪΪɷˡ
磬ǲǣõֵġ˲ŻȥǣŮ˵֡

Ҫסѽ𣿡ޥʡ
衣˵ȷ࣬г㱻̧ȥҲ˿͵¡
̫ˡޥ
ЦޥֵУʵġ
㲻Цˡ

ԺյŸˡ
˿һɡ½Ȼţ½Ҳûȥݱɥ
С仰Уֻеһġ䣬Ǹޥġ

˾´˴ߴٹ½ˣ½ɣ¼֡ţ͵ຼᣬ¼˲ܲ
˾´ϱ˾ǡͬˡ
ϵ飬ʵҲֱϵ¼ҡ

ޥȻôʧܻȥбӡޥͲټ¼ˡ
ֻõһжûʱ
ޥʹŮʹĸȴһֱûҡ
¼һֱΪ޵ຼ½Ͻġ
ᣬҲᡣֻӡĸá

½أʡ
Ҫ룬Ҳ
ޥȴǲУûš
½Իڴǣ־ͱТꡣ
Ȼޥ½ǣȴñ

Ͳ½
½㽭Ԫܿнʿ
нʿͶǣʹ;ؼǰˡ
ʲôûĹӣΪۣ;ô
ôС

½úúõػ
½Խֵǿơ
ϣ½ҪԽԽãã˺ͨ
ԽޥԽܻصȥ

¶ʮԽ
½߳΢Ŀ
Ǳ˱̧ߵġҵҲҪܾˡ

ȻǼ״ǳȭ˲ޥۣɳڼϰȷǿ塣ʱҲ彣Ҳν˹ˡ
ڳ˵Ҳˡֻȥޥȥˡ

½صԼҵլ˯һϴ˸裬ָ˾񣬰ѾĬд˳ȥ
½Ψһھǵ½ˡ̲½岮
½ܹ٣½Ҳˣ˵õĽ꣬Ī˿⡣½ȥʣԷ˵ǸŪˡֻѾȥˣ½ֻűˡ½ȥ˿⸮
½ʵϲܣȴϲ½ֶһ½ӵ½ʵҫۡ

½ʱͬμһ촺ǵļֵܶڡ
Ƕס½ɸֻ½Ϊ½һھլӣסԼլˡ
ҶĬ˾ӳҲ࿴
½ɿӵܵľӣֻ΢΢ס½ģ¶΢Ц
ˡ

ޥѡ
˻شؽͨ
ÿ
ޥȻҲúÿ
ʣǰôأ
·صÿȴǻϲġϲŨҵģɫʡ
˾ûֵá

ޥ½ҵ˲ϲ
˵꣬ۿŻղޡÿʱ¶ЦûˡĿе䡣
ޥ
ֻǶ˼ңŲףǡһӶ˵յģһ˴Ҳӡճ׵ʱ򻹴͸ɴ಻ˡ

һ䡰ǡû¶Ц⡣
ʣԼϲģֵģ
ǰôأޥȻȴ΢Цףˡ

ʵϲĻֵϲǼҷû뵽Ҳ
ҷﶼѲ/ģб죬ҷ°Ǵȹ°ȹ涼ҪӴͨ滹Ҫһӡ
Ӵģ˵װ䶼㡣

Ժȥ϶òá
ʲôģޥֻ΢΢һЦûӻ硣
ҼǵڳɳǴҷ
ޥҼҸСʱĴġﲻϸҲõģ˵̫ҡһ˴ӳɳˣϸҲˡʵҲšճֻV֣ʱ򴩡

ʣж£
곤ɳ⣬һӳüǺǻȭȣĹǺܿġ
ޥء

½ңѧ˺ܶණҲ˺ܶණֻй򲻸Ҷ
¼ҴȥмֵĶһˡ
Ȼ½Ρʲôá޷ش𣬵ǼϷµġ

ĸͷǶԵģûġޥҲûǸڲŷ
ֻЩ꣬ʼ׵ģˣǣҲûԼˡ
ţ
½ٷһδ͵





166.   166    д

166 

·, ǹУ˵
⻰˵꣬ôʱһοޥ۾һֱƽ˵ǵ, ƺ΢΢Ĳ
á˵ĸҡ

ŲҴҵؽȥˡ
ȣܿͳˡһҷ, ٲˣһ߸ߵβ
మƯϲôϹŰǿ˲һḡ
ޥô, Ǹˡһͦ, ж俴óý
·ʵǱȴ䡢Ůװʺ
Һÿ, ˶˾Ƶġ

գ۵ؿһ, ߡ
˱Ժ
ҲʽģճͨǲҷġϾְ
˻౧ȭʩ, ˼ơ

̧ȥޥҲ
һ̣ﾫ, ȷ¼ҵŮˡ
˹֡

ޥҲһֱȭЮŷӭХ, һ㡣
ĸ⣬Ů߸·ġ
ԼҲǸ͵·ӣ㲻, Ӳˡ
ȭײӲµŮǿ壬ֻ鼸졣

ֵ⼸, ޥֲ֪˺ȥһۣԥһŻͷȥ
һźֳŵص˲侢šֿޥһɨȡ
ޥķӦѸɨе˲ߵĹһշ˹ȥ

ֻǶɨȶ㲻Ӳȭһȭޥļޥδأȫû֧㣬ֱӷ˳ȥˤڵϹһײķϲͣ¡
ŮǾˡ
Ȼһ˿ֵ
ɲǰʹʹ¹ﰡ

ȭֶվ
ޥԼվһżͷȻǱʹˡ
ֻһ˫۾ž⣬ԾԾԡ
۾½뻭
۾ûã

ĸ硣޵ù򣡡
ڷġֻ㣬ô߸͵·ӣ
ޥżѰ˶ġ
ҲֻѰˡӣǳԿġôס

׵ġֻǡޥһЦ䣬ûð
һ
Ҳѣûϵʱ򡣡ޥԣʲô·ӶһġҶġϰˣˡ

ˡ
ޥԷġΪ½ٷˣҲֻǽǿˡʵûκõĵط
ղѾ̽ǳЩŵĺլ֣֪һնûз£һֱſ๦

ĸ˵Ǹиǣ츳ܳԵ¿
һЩ翵Ķ䵽ʵϡ

ʣڼﶼԼһ𣿡
ǡޥϵԭҵ㷿СӿˣܽԺҲȥԺֻԼˡ
Ժȥȥ°ϵиУǱʲôУû¹ȥҲࡣ

ޥ⣺ﻹУ
ǡ
ڼͿ𣿻
ޥá

شƽڵͷվЩһĶ
ڴ
Ȼ΢һԺڴͺá
ʤڣƽһ̶ˮ˯Ҳ˯̤ʵ

ָͬˣʵʵޥŮӡԼһУźܰŵģȻ󡭡˽ᡣ
뿪½ңǴĻ֮ˡͬھġ
ޥԺ˵ķţһ£ŮӦԲˡ
ޥ˵Զţúùӣ̤ʵ˺ܶࡣˮһ̶㲻Ϻúùӡ
ǿߣΪİġ

վǣޥ֣ߡ
ޥ̨ףҿͷŮǡ
ʣôˣ
û¡ޥͷһ䣬氲

Ů϶ǲùģճ·ؾܿó
վ¿ͻд裬ûİơȲʡЦÿ˶࣬ʹ
ÿԺȭʱҲġ
ڻһ£ޥ룬ʲôġֵˣ

ǣֽݣ¡
ճסڸģҡС֮⣬˳ҲޣԼԺӡ֮⣬סһЩױճǻڼУѵ
ϰ֮ˣô⸮ֻһŮˣȥˣǱ֪˭ð㡣

ޥǰġ
·˿ܳţҲŮҲã׷׸·ûʲôϷء
ֻ˽ϣŮ˱סһ¶ԺǽΨֱ˶࿴ȥһۡ
ȹȥ
ʱ˳˼һˡͿˡʲôػ¹

֤һ¡
ĸ磬˵ʵʣҵĹ򣬾Σ
ղдȻֻǶƽ죬˵жϸߵǳˡ
ʣԼ֪

ǰھʱ򣬳̨ޥ˵ֻ߰ˣԼһûдˡûˡ
ûףҴһذˣ
ʣǹأɶû
̼ǵõһӣʹû磬ɿ

ޥ̾Ҿûǹֻһӡ
ûˣֻԹǹ￪еıǲġޥһȱ˿ڵĶ۵ĥ

ȻЦˡ
ޥ΢
Ҽǵ¡
ޥ
ˣ£дűԹġ

ʱʲô醪µ飬дŸʱֽܵʮŰŵģһ𷢡
·;ңԶҪܾ֮ŻյţҲһŵġ
ڻʱԼǽ˼ˣ㿴ˡ
أĸ桢ᡢĵذδڶԴ
ʱͲôСżľͲޡ֬ˮλˡ

ûº֮ҡأ
Ųĸ磬Ҳᣬ½ԡ
ֻأ

ĸδһ᲻Ц
˳˶Цģ½ԾͰЦǰҲЦʲôʱʼôЦأ
ĸǰһҲǰЦ˰ɣֻЩ̫࣬Ц
ط꣬һô䰡

ǰż˵֣˵ʱЩҲǲԾشż¾ġ
¾壬ֱġ
ˣῴءᵽֻᷢҲһֱֺĵġ

ĸ磬ǰͿʼֱ˰ɡ
ֱУŬ㹻ߵλãЩᵽͺµȨơ
Ц
ʵЦܺÿ

ޥЦҲ΢΢Цˣֵֻǰڼ͵͵ǸӧǹҴģ游ġֻˣҪᡣ
ϲ˵ݵ¡
Ϊݵ£ͬĻ䡣⡰֣ͬʮ

ޥŵҳʱֻǸӡǸҲ½ˡԭ֪㣬Ҫ֪㣬Ҿʹˡ
ǺˣҪ֪ǻͲڵˡ

ޥȻס
Ϊӣǵŵһˡ
Ǹأ

ޥƽ״̬һֱġ
Ϊڵѹ˱ʲôӡ׷׷ɡãй
£˶ޥ·ػһӡ
ЩѹѾõȻйһ緢ˡ

ϣ˯ҹˡ
Ըޥʲô춯Ҫġ
·ȥˡ
һ·ϣŮ׷ߣ˯ʱ򻹺úõģҹȻ˾ͿʼޣҲǿ

ŮǰϷźģΪȥźޥ
ʣ޵ú𣿡
ޡŮ˵ֻ
Ĳˡ
ŮȹѾϡ

ޥԺӣŵơ
ԺŮӭʣˣ
ŮˣҲǿ
ͷ̨ףƿŽȥˡ

߽䣬μ䣬ҡ
Ѿ򣬵æֻһɫĹġ
ӴţԼгҭ

ҡ˵ţÿӣ߽˴
ûƣ谵
ޥڴϣϻűӡȣϥǵı
һһʵġ


ĸ磬ôˡҳˡ
áޥ






167.   167    Ű

167 

ֻվڴ, ˵
ãޥĸ磬û¡
޳, õ㡣

ޥĸ磬Ҳܻ
˺ˡ
ޥ߲𣿡
С

İ, ޥ
뺢ӣҿžۡ
Сޥܾ, 

Э[[_[֮[, Ϊ񡣡
½[ຼ½ϵŮ


ۡ
޷½֮
ȻȨ, ½һ˵ǿޥ, Ҳ޷ޥŮһõĳǽ½[Ȩ֮ŮҲû͡ຼ½ŮᲢۡ
Щұ, һʱȨƣվҲֻ޸֮ˡ

˯ҹͻȻˣݻĻ, ãȻãѹµڱ, Ʋסؿ˸ذ
̸[[ޥ޵û
Ϊʲôߵһأ½ˣ½, [[
ʵ˰
˵Զŵġ

ޥڰѺ˹̧ͷ
۾ģӺ, 촽Ҳ΢΢ˡ
ûˡ˵һͺˡ
þûˣһΡһ½ԣͱ˼֮ס
ʱûޣΪԼٲˡ

ڴ¡
Ҫ뿪Ҳ㡣סֻ֣ðҵһߡ
ޥȭסȭ
ǰԶԶֻţԡѾߣʧȥҲɡ
˭ɵģ衣

ޥȭɿˡ
֣ԼƻĦġ
Ĵţһֱŵġûеҵû˸㡣˵ߣνžߡ
סĲңú룬˭ˣ

ޥɬȻԼ
ں½һңͺա
ޥǻѡ񣬵Ψһѡģѡġ
Ӱͷ˭ءѲԼ͸ˣԶֻ߱ߵ·

ƺʮ꣬ġ
ޥţԼϥͷ
ף˻ʵİɡ˵ʲôˣ
ϣϡʣϲĸ

ޥ䬰ɡ
޸Ȩ˻ģŮҲຼ½ޡ
ʣϲѡ񲻴𡣡
ѡޥ졣

ԺЩӡ˵ϲкŮ
ޥֻϲ[[
ĸ׵ģȻԼĺӡҲ֪ġ
ޥΪһӣͲ磬ˡ
Ȼܡ޷ԵúסһŮ˵ġ

ԡޥ
ͣͣ뵽ĸ޷ԼĺˡֵкŮԶ
ҽǹصǻҵ

ĻʲôӰ

ͷȥޥĶͷȦڻ

СΪеĶˣȻ֪¡
ҹô£ĵʣɩɩû°ɡ
á˵

ش˴С
Сţ
ɩɩƽʱҲд衣пȥ
С£Сթһ֣С
ֵɩɩװ޵˼ңȻû¡Ҿдһ£Ҫ룬۸ˡ

Ͼ´Ҵҹȥ꣬Ͳǵˡ
֤ŵ㣬̫ûӡ
ƿߣҹû˯ãȥɡ
Сʹʱ

չȻȥˡ
һѣȸƵҡ
ޥüûˡ
ƺã˳
ҿæˡСüЦ⼸ŵװˡ

Сæʲôأڸޥ׼ױء
ޥʱֻ˼ֻ򵥵ѡɲޥӼ޽мױ
¶ͷʱͿ˼ҵ׸ױޥҪ޸ˣĶ˳һŵӡ
Сܶˡ
ôæóɩɩ
ôĵСӣ


ĵСһȳһյȥϷ硣
ȱ£ҧгݣȱ£
Ҫˣ㲻˵ˣһ˵У
ʲô˵ġȲ裬һֲ֪ˡ˭㶯ǰҪԼĹǳ㽻ף

Сˣ
ûУֵһ߾֪ˡ
С˵ޥأֵһߣ
ճôȢɩɩҲܰ
ҹûôãգ̫ãң

΢΢һЦ˳ûҲȥԡ
ޥ֪ԼˮƽþǶ˽֣ˡ
СȭƣԣҲȥһ˳ƿ

տ˳ˣ㱻Сȥɩȥˡ
ޥʣСô
˳˦ʮ֡
Сޣ

ޥʣĸأ
˳ǲ硣
ޥˣ
ơ
СһȲȵϣſϷ

˳׳ˣСȫһ·
ޥ⼸ѾԼˣӲӲ
Сޥ㣬Ȳʡ
ˣޥլԺǿ໥д֡ĸǡ

տ˳ޥֱۣ˵ϣࡣ
Сֲ֧
˳е㲻ţޥĶǹؼλãѨţѪͨģʹ
˳ˣɩɩӮˡ

ºȲ裬ޥʣĹôأ
˳ԺмܴģǼˡǼ֮£ŵġ
ˣͷѪڷġ
ô˵ޥԼˮƽ˸˽⡣
С
˳Сóüۼչࡣ

ڵ˻ԷŰա
ɽ˺֪ȵ˼ֻЬӡ
ƽļϣһشߣҵûУҵûУ
ƽ۾ǽϵİ񣺡𼱣𼱡ҡҵˣҵˣ
ʹԴ죡ȥ湫ӣ㣡ݣ
ƽۣԼ׳壬ɱȺ

ƽ嵽˽Եǰס˳ӣӣ
ﴫ½Σ
Ԫƽ˷ܵ˵˻Ԫ

Χ˿۷׷ס
½ȴƽ
һƣͿָԼ꣬ΪŽա

߰ɡȥú׼еԡ
ȡеģԶ䡣
Կ˵½Ѿǽʿֱ˵ѾԤһס

뿪
Χ۷׷ס
ǾǽƵĻԪ
ຼ½𣿡
˵㽭Ԫ
ƻԪ𣿡

˻Ԫޥ
ޥ¶΢Ц
˵
Ǹˣ۾ǳоݡ
꿡㣬ȷ
ڵ˸¶ͷǵʱ






168.   168    

168 

ԷŰ, ½Ȼȥ½ɸȥ˵һ
½ţ½ҳ½ӵҲջ, ½ɺ⡣
½Цݸ
ﱨϲɡ

ʵ½Ը񣬾ôɲʱﻹе, ֮ΡŰ˵ˡ
½ЦԪءдŻȥҲĸ׺ֶϱ˸ˡ
½΢, ֵǡ

صԼլӱдŸȱƽ, 赭д˵лԪ¡˵Լڰ׼ԣλٸдš
˱, ֽɣ, ˰ɣ
ϲѧʵˡ
ôţǲɹ

ƽ, ϲܡ
һ첲סӣ~~ȥ
ƽյò㷭ۣǿ첲㣡֣Ҽȥ
۾һҲҪ

ƽۡ͡һЦ, бۣࡣӰ
һ, һ£Ҫܣ
˵ŸҵģʵϣҵĲʶ, ǵдЩС޵˯˺Ķؼٸ֮ġ

첲ѹƽۼбҲЦ, ȢԪˡ
ֵƽһȡ
ޥǰԪ֮ǰ˵ˡȥٷ˸ǰˣˡҲСˣȢϱء
æεȥţҸȥء
ûȥãЦشӻͳԭдˣһֱء

ƽۺ֪˼ˣһ˵
½ҵüͷƿţ㿴ˣæչüͷԪˡ
Ԫӡ˺䣬ԪҪȥ
Ҫ˶æ˵ˡ

ԪˣҵʣԪڻ𣿡ղſۿǺģ
̾˿ֶˡ
ԪޥǰѾͷ곤ˣԪ½ǰƽ۶ס
ƽۡ½ǰõˣۿŽǰ̡

һжģ˭֪ٷ˺ȻˣһźòãԪѾͷȥ˱𴦡ԪȻί
ʱȰٷ˻ٷôһˣػȥߵġ
˭֪ȵٷ˵ɥѶ

ƽ۵ﲻ̫ˡ̾
㣬Ѿͷ͵˷˶뿪ˣѾ˵ԲˡպӴЩ֣ȥ˸ǰƾžյĸıϱӵĲ£δķչ
ǰ̺ˣŮҲԲı£ڼҲԡ
ƽۼȻԪҲۿٵһͿ·ӣͻȻᵽԵĵطȥЩֻ涼ûˡ

˵ףٷȥ̫ͻȻҵĵᡣ
ĨĨᣬ̾ҸղȥʹݾȻûˡ½µٲҪຼˡ
½±½½ܹܵĳӡĶܣ½ǰʮֵá˵½ܹˣһεĴܹܱ½

üݱɥ˭ȥ
ҵĵҲ֪ûʡԺˣʶҲࡣ
û˵ֻܾЩӰӰģ˵塣

ȫڼңӣҵıһ˯Աչ
֪˯ҹҵĺȻҲˣôˣ
ҵĴڴߣҲش
£һѡҵͻȻƵģ£ˣ

ʣʲô°
ҵĵٷииңҸߵģˡ
˿ˣΪʲô¡ǸͨɩӵģԹȥˡ
֪̾ûȥຼǱ߱ţͨɩ֪֪ٷ˹ˣ֪֪ѹʲôӡٷ˸ˡ

ҵȴġ
ֵ
ҵޥʱĻ
ʲôʱ
øøߵʱ͸

ʱĪһͷˮ
ֻڡҵļش˸
νøʱѵ˵ǡ
ٷô֪
ҵ룬һôԤ֪Լڣ

ǣ֪ޥ½˻ԪϢָޥ˵ҳȥһˣղڼңС˳С
ޥͷæģûʲôµġ

ͷȥˡ
⣬Сֱϡ
½ԣû뵽߶

ʱƷΩжߡ
ݶһʱᱻȨ´ѹʱĿеĵλʼնǸ߹ġ
ʿ·ڽԪԪ״ԪݼӢشˡ
һ㣬ȨҲڲ˵ʵ
ȻֻǸƽӹޥˡ
С

ȥɽջء㿴ҡ
ǰ˵žͳˣ뽻ʲôҲҵġڿɲˣžȻҪ⽻һ
Ϊмǹҵˡ
Сں溰ȥɽȥ
ֻһ䣺ٹܡ

С
Ȼٹܣǲ˵ˣ϶ɩɩйϵ
ʲôùܵ¡
ֻ֣ɽӪǾӪפءȥʲôޥص¡

Ӫפɽ˾ӪﻹнӪר´졢޲ס
ӪĹæӭ
һн·ӿпмһˣڵ׽ߵۣ崺䣬ǼԺ
ǰ񣺡

ʣôˣ
µˣͲ¯ˡ
ȥ
ŻӪһ·๤۶ۡĻϡ¯ӲϨӪص¶ȱࡣ

һУָ¯ۣ뿴
Ƿ׷ÿǰ
¯Ƴģһͨ巺źĳڻУ΢ˡ
ĿһʣʲʱǼʱ
µîʱ̡

̫ʱ̡
Ϊġ¯
³Ծԥ⣬֮
¡
±㲻Ȱ

ɽ
˯ҹ˻
·Ŷ컹š
˽ӪĹȻ죬׳ĹŻǯ󴸣¶¯ǿƤ⡣

ʹ˰˳ʣ£ǽǸ¯гڶ̨ϴ
۶ۣɣĽ
ַû¯УȡΣѾˡ¿˿©̧̣ͷ

վ£ϵ䣬繤һ/
Ƕ֪ˡ
ɻУ弡米һббĻߣһվ
վ

ġˡ
޲ֳͬһ뷨
ϧˡ

γ˵ߵ¯ǰ
׳ʵĺ䣬¯л£ǳﱻյͨ췺⡣
վ¯ǰ˿Ƥۡ

ʱµڣ
ŵ̤һת
崺˸ڻлһŹ⡣
һ˲յǸһ˲滮ʵپļָ˵档Ѫ˳ŵ滬䵽ϡ
󱳱Ѫ¯Уһ̡

Ǻ
ˣ
ˣ
¯

ıٴα¯ȡڶ̨ϡ
׳ʵӶ
۶ۡ
С
ᵶվзӸҩ
£ǳ¶ݡ

ˮ
һϺȺ󣬳ˮۣ͵ð̣ۿɼȥ
ˮڶ̨ϣ¶ò
߹ȥ
ǻ㱨ϸϸĥ

Ȼڻδɵ״̬ǳӣѾӰĹˮȻ÷
ͷ仹δ棬бѪ֮С
óϸϸĥ꣬һ˱ǹ

һ˵ġ
ϲ˵е÷ǹˡ
ǲɹ





169.   169    ھ

169 

, ŵС˵Ҫһ÷ǹ
ʵ˵Ĳ÷ǹʱ򣬻ӵĲ, һ÷ǹ
ǸʱʵǴδ͸ޥһǹΪҶģǹţ÷ǹҲܽܵġ

ֻû뵽ߵʱ, ѾΪһ÷ǹˡ
ŷ, Ѫ¯
Ҫġ
ҪѪ

ޥãȴֻδɱ
Ҳϣ, г/ǹҲÿﻶϲϲ, һȾѪ
Ѫ㹻ˡ

µ, ⡣
½½˵ˣɥȥຼɡ
Ӷò, ֻ˵ǾõȲ¼ҵˣȣҪϽͻຼᡣ
½˵ͻຼ, ½ȥݡ
½½ܼҵĴӣߵĶ硣͸½½ǰõ, ҲҪ游״ܼҵλá
½½ȥǱɫЩ
½϶ģүġ

ޥҪຼˣҵĺֿһ
ҵİѵޥĶ, ȥ½ٷ˸ղʱģţ˵һʲô, øߡ֪ģһ𳤴ġ
½Ҳ᣺ٷʺ֪ˣҪĵóԲ·ġ
ˡ

ҵ뿪صв𿪲һϻӡ
ҿϻǣ̵һӡ
½
ٷ˺øܺãԺٲܱӻˣȥǰЩӰ⡣

ֻҲ̲ס̾һ
ٷǸܺõٷˡҲڿТ˳ǺŮˡ
ֻլHɲ˵๡
һõĹܼûȥ¶Իǲԣֻȥ˰øܵܡ

³½ٷ˵عຼ
һŮ˼ˣǷҵˡˣҵ÷ҵ𣬱ΪԲһ
ܽصŮˣһҲܽҵأƩδŮøǾͽΪ»Ұ⣬
Ϊǲա

£Ǿ˵ԡ
֮ܿʵֵԣԳ͡ʱһҲȡʮʿ
һ죬һˡʵͲֵԣҲ˶ˡ
Ǹֵģʵȥ˿

ʵ۵һۿһˣ޷Ȼˡ
ʵ۾˭ɸӣ
˵ǽƵĻԪຼ½½ԡ
˷ຼ½ӣ丸ڿ⸮֪̲ͬ½ͬ塣
Ԫвòңʵۼϲҵĳɼ
⣬Ԫһס

һ죬ʿǳ
ڶľųΣһ׶ס
ʵʣຼ½Σ

ǵ״Ԫš
ʵ۵״Ԫ̽ô졣
ǶЦˡҲǴܣԿƾٴݱ֮Ѿ̽ɵǲòѵǸ
Ҳ½½Ԫ㽭ԪǻԪԪڣ¡
ʵ۵Ԫˣȴҵĺ¡
һ׵ˣһǺֵӣһѾʮꡣϻʵ۵

Ц
ʵҲûôء״Ԫ̽˵еΣʵϵεˣŸ˵ǲֲٵġҲ˵½״Ԫţ˱û״Ԫŵġյǻʵ۵ϲá
ǿຼ½ԵʱʵҲԤ̽
½ԣ̽˭̽

շ˰
½ЦȻ̽
Ԫڣ½΢Ϊ̽ҲԤϡ
ӵλֶЩ飬ȴǸľ֮ࡣǸʮְ˵ˣ߻Ƶ׽̣ûòÿġ
־ͺµļԺüӢòӲʡ

һ׵Σʿڡ
½΢΢һЦ
һˣȥʿֱڹ١ڹ٣ȥھˡ
½˵ھ½Ϊ½ھȻǸӡ
ԷޥԴھ

Ѿǻ
ޥ̧
Ѿǽ̷ϡ
һǷϼԱޡĸھ

Ůص
˵ڣʵǸͳ˵ĹӣƽԹڡ
ޥ½˵ķϼ
ԹڣԣȦĨ仨ϼϼԧƣƽ蕻׹ӡ

Է˵ޥǰƷ˵ĵԹϼ쳣
ԹڣĵͷƶʮƬĵҶʮƬȦŴ仨˶䣬ᣬߴΡ
ϼӾϼȸƣ蕻׹ӡ

һе⡣
ޥָȥǡ
ۡ
ޥתͦΣֶ
ɫƵ۹ϣ

߹Ҳе·ޥǱ´͵ġ
ޥʲôʱأ
ʲôʱ򴩶Сʽճ봩ҷ
۾ҷʽʮֱж
ȻҲб¹֪һһģǴﶬһʲͬĺڵۡ

ͷڿ֮Ĵ·
һʵ۴һһϴþˡˣûеڶġû˾ûˣǻʵٴ͡
Լ͵͵ٲã˵ԽΪ
ҶԼáʵҲסݱɴͷǴ͸Ӵ·ʸ
ۣʸԼ۴

Щͷ϶ģ۸Ҳ󡣳ãԼ
ֻӲ£ӡΪ촦֯Ӳͣ
ҲǴţʱеȨǶˣ˶ѡ

ޥǺɫģһֱǺɫ
ϲɫ
ءޥĸ紩ɫÿ
Ҫˣޥֵ崩ɫҲʵںÿأʵȰĴɫԵðһЩҪȻԵڡ

ޥǣΪˡ
ԼӦøˡ
ǲˣ赭дòǡ
ֵͷɫޣͷҽ촦ӹĿϲֱġҲС

Ƶᣬƣй¶ڴ
ޥúЦ
ҪЦŰˡ
˶ͣ˵ɡ
ຼ½ԣ̽

ޥȥ
̽ޥָ뿪˺ۣ֯£΢΢һЦʺ
˵½úÿ
ȥģ֪½жÿ

˺ÿÿʵνǾĹؼ
Ů˱ȦںլжáԼҵ˺ÿÿʵҪ
ȥޥ

Ŀⳣ˶Ժӡ
ޥ̧ۣЦʣ˵ʮϲ˵ģ𣿡
ǻʵ۵һ˽ƫã˴ţܶͬԹűвмȱªǲٵģǻʵض
б֮˶г֮ˣҲֻҪݣ߻Զ˶Էƾٵϣˡ

ϣǡ
ޥһЦܵ¸ǰȥ
ǼʹȴֻǰҫΪÿʵϲ
룬ޥǲ֪Сĳͻʵоɡ

ţޥĸҲúÿ
˶١
һûסЦˡ
սͣʿν֣ȥ
áޥһЦԼδҪ󣬡㿴
һڴӦá






170.   170    Ե

170 

¿ƽʿǵҫʱ̡
һ, ǴǰĵԵԲۣͷ˫ʿһ, дһԡ
һƮƮ

ʿͶ׳, żꡣۺڴ
ǺЦˡҲ, ϸЩĽʿر, òӢģǰ׽Ҳڲء

½ʿİ, ͷǰ˲ͬ˴Ǻ, ۡ
Уע, Ȼǽ̽ຼ½ԡ
治̽֡

ʵ۵͡
ȳһ˵֡˻ۣڴĿ, ½״ԪһУͽʿ, ߵл
׶ǰˣֻһ֡ʿǲõУնס׵˳, һţߵлֱ˽ʿͬʿ

һܵʽ, 񲿵ĹԱ񡱾ٹͷ¿ƽʿҴţͤ
ʿߵȥμӽʿ硣

ʵϾڻʳǰͥ㳡Ķǽ⡣ʿǳùǣֱȥ
ϸͷҪƳһܡ
ǾǰսֵģһȵĽʿν֡

һգ˿Ƕۼ·Եľ¥¥ٽֵᣬ쭵ۣȻڼǰͱԤһա
Լ׳ɣһգǴ˼ҵĹŮǿԴ޼ɵ¿ƽʿǡ
С˼ҵŮǸǼֵԣҪһýʿǵķɡ
һȵ¹ʢ£ϲĳ̶ȣڡ

¿ƽʿǴ⣬ʮִصģҲ˵˵ЦЦεģͨǿŵġ
ֻ˿Ʋ۵С½̽һۣȴƺ÷ѩ˾ò¡
ŮΪ˶࿴һС½̽ȵЬӣȹڡ
Ǳ˾άıбƵģ˲̤ˡ
С½̽һ˫۾ɨһƬ˱㰲ЦּУŮԭ׼ȥĶҲסͶˡ

νֵķǰ
ʳ־¥ٽְǼ۸ߵģÿƾ֮꣬ŮǱƼˡ
Ҳ⣬ʱһٽֵİ߰˸ŮйһλλѧʿϼҵŮ

һȺŮڴߣϵʣûУûУ
ԼϵӵĶˡۿС½̽Ҫȥˣʮż
ѾæԼϵҡѬӡͳͳȥǡʹһĨɫӰȥ

ֻн죬ֻнӣǱ޼ɵءԶԶһӱﰮᱻأ𱸡
ɷ󲻻ΪǶͣһĨĺۿԽԽԶˡ
һλУҪȥҪ࿴һۣ
̸ͣԣȥߣ㡱

ŻȹڣǽŲҵ塣
ˣˣ
ᤣ
ǵ̣
ֻٶ࿴˹һۣɽ˺ҲǽΪͽʿûд̡
ҵĽŲ͸ǵȰ¥ȥˡ

ȴʣһλС㣬ڴߣֻ½̽ıӰ
˶½̽ͶҵʱһʱĽʿѿɫӰֻкۣȻվڴһ

Ůȥ˳С䣺
־ʮֵᣬСȴһġŮּۿסŵò᣺
Сӣ£촽΢ૡ

ʲôŮû壬˵ʲô
ɡСδţֻճյأʧ˻Ƶġ
Ůû취ֻðѶȥˡ

޶
޶
ȼҡλܼ޸ˣ
ңƷƣ޵ģ


۽ʿ˭⣬Ȼ״Ԫۡ̽
״ԪʮһѾ游Ժ֣ŮҵⶼûйϵжŹ㼲޺ˡ
˽ü緢òã򲻹ᣬ⸱ģҲΪƽ˼Ρ

ʵǺȡֻ̫ġ״Ԫ꣬Ц̽ɣؾһЦҲ᲻á֪ŮҪһЦһˡ
˵Цˡ½һֱЦ

״Ԫ԰۵ϡ
ҲЦ̽ɣͷԶЩûô֣ĵˡ
òѷȴҲǷȤĿɽ֮ˡ
½Цˡ

̽һЦһ㡣
뵽˵һˡ

ֻ½Ȼס
/µŶǰߣȴһ
ԣԣ״Ԫ
½عͷ
ˣȡЦĪ̽
½ֻһЦһ˫ۡ

״Ԫô˿ΣֻһƬںԴ㾹ܿ˼ҵ۾òã
ǻߡ½ȻЩ

˵꣬վ̲סֻͷһۣ˫۾ѾûȺУҲˡ
عͷ
һΪ̫˼ˡ
ôء
ֻһ˫۾ˣ

ޥûŮھ¥İоӸµع͡
ýЩ㰲ˡ
վȺУɴͷܶǴűǿ׳ӣͻΧм䣬ʹ˳ײǡ

½Ұʱ۾գҲգؿ
Ӻѣɫ˫
һֱɫÿˡ
û˿Աȹ
۾ЦŪ°ֻͣġ

һ˲ޥ½ˡ
ǵײһ˲ûͣŶǰߡ
Ҳعͷȥ
۵¿ƽʿĶϣס˺ɫӰ
ޥһĨɫʧҰ

ӵۻûȥһĨɫӰʧʿν֡ޥ˵Ѿˡ
һˡǰ
ǲǸÿޣޥûᡣ

һȦڻУૣޡ
һˡ
ԹһѾֲ壬ģˡ
ע룬ǰԹûϵˡ
ޥҲޡ
꣬ȵԼ뿴ģȵŮʱ棬ΪʲôҪء

һ𣬷Ե
½ԣԸ㣬ȷ;ε
գޣĺĺм顣
չ˺ĸףͭ[[
ұ㣬

Ҳͷ򾩳ǺܶʶҲΪ½Ѿ
½ڴķ绪ֻһۡ
һ۾͹ˡԽҫۣӰԽڳ
ǴźνֵˣߵͳĴ·Ȼ̹֮ܳ򡣡
һֱ±ߣ衣
˶ηУԶвزסıӺ

һֱֻޥ
źۣ˾ǵǸӰʧޥ̧˹ͷɴ
ʧӰûᣬ¶㣬΢Ц
ʱǣõǡ
ˡ

׽ס
ޥͷ
Ҳ˹ͷĲ
߰ɡ˵
ޥͷֻͷһۡ
۵ס˺ۣҲˡ

ޥߡ
ǿ׳ɻǼȺ
Ħ࣬һ£Եȴһˡ
ʱǡ
ˣ˱Ҳáǣޥ֣ȥ

ĸ硣ޥһþˡ

ޥҺ׵һ𣬾νֵһˡġֻû뵽ۿ

˵ɷϾϿڼ̷ţûлۿԻ͵һ̵ġ
ܿˡ
ˡԸˡ

ĸ磬ޥ̧ͷڴǣ֣΢ЦǻؼҰɡ
ĵ׷̣۾ȡ
ս֣á

Ըˡ
죬γʱ̡
죬Ҫ޸ˡ






171.   171    ϲ

171 

ηǾǹپȫˡ
ɷֻǸƷԱ
ƷԱ, ֪ͬй٣СѾ֪׻˵һ֪, ʮѩȻţԿεĹԱ¸;

ھǣƷ繷, Ǳߡ
ɷڹθСǸҵӱҸǸ, ֮ҡ
Ǿӣסǵٺ», ۰ľʮࡣھլǲ, һǼԱṩС
ˣηƽȥȫ, շ𣬷˼Ҫ
ֻҲ벻, ԺҲѡȫˡ

ǻվס
գǰһ, 컹žˣʰ, Լױʮϲ졣
ղʵѾ˸̫硣ֻϰ, ʰšԺŮ˲ˮ緹ʮܵ
ȵʱ, ŮȥסԺӡ

Ҳ̫ˣ룬ﾹȻסڻӻޣټ
Իݣھûңǰ˿ջ߽ʲô˼ңߴӻԼıԷ﷢ޣǿԵġһԷûС
Ǹ˲һˣҲ֡

һ·ϴźŮȹӴڻ£ææµµġ
ԺӣҲˣ
ֻη˵ΡԺˣѾŮԼֻһλϲˡ
ƽʱһ۵ϲηҲһΡûĻ񣬾ûԵĸˡ

ǰηȫˣΪŮҵĸǴӵţϲԱߣ˵ףаͷϸͷһȫ˵ĹͽˣԱȥȲųлˡ
Щֵյ£ʵܵġ
ȫ˳ֵʱվѾ˶ˡ

ǰѾǴæµȴģֻϲһЦ֪˵ʲôˡ
ϲ˿ȫˡ
˼ķмˣҪ˵ⷿмžһθߣرͻأηһҲһ
͸ˡ

ȴЦˡ
ηˣˡ
ηæˡ
̲סǸˣóʮˡ۾ЦݸɾͶдҷǣСС˼ҵŮ

ηæ˼
֮ǰɷ򷴸ˣľˣڻ࿴ʣ졣
ʱˣǿʼɡ

ϲкŮǣױ̨ǰ
ηţЩŮźȻʮֹȴҲû˸еǡأǻⶼǻŮ
ôһϸϸ۲죬óԭǹһˡ

Ǵʲôطģֵأأ
ôҪ޸¹أ
ǵµǸ

ϲȫ˲ָͬ㲽衢յˡη˿Բ˵ܣ£øʲôƵġ
ϲֻ޻һˣ
ھеһЦˡ
ϲڨڨˡ
η룬ǲ˵ˡ

ֵûˣֻϲǰˣȫ˲󣬽ӹ
һᵽͷóᵽͷ޲ǣᵽͷֶ٣ᵽβٰüᵽβ˫ɣᵽβͬ壬ͷβ󡣡

˿߽Ϊϸۣɨü
ϲ˵öԣȷҪȻôء
ֻŮ˵ηа̾

Żˡ
Ժ춯Ļ
ηֻżڽϼԺɫƮԶԶؿɱ˲գ۵ȨˡôǵһΣεĻͲɵһͻ

ȴ˵ס
ϲﷴӦ죬һȥˡ
ηҿֻŮܾЩŮǲ̫ȥġ룬Ҳȥˡ

һźɫ۵Ҫ塣
棡ǻôͦģ
ηæϲһܽ

𣿡ʡ
ʱ˿̣Ҳодŵô¡ʡ𡱵ʱʧеЦ
ϲηԭıЦδھͼҪȹ񡣡

ͣ˽Ųǻ£ʣɻã
⻰ʵãη治֪ôش
ֵҪһǿ
ҪηȻ

ӵȴﴫҺء˼ҡ
վژһЩͺˡ
ӵ˵ȥ
εӣתϲηһҾף۶λˡ
ŵæ񣺡ˡ

˵ˡ
ϲη㿴ңҿ㡣
ȡϲͦġ
η˵ǰǰ
η˵Ҳͦĵġ
ϲǰǰ
ζƬ̣һҡ

ױŮǽҿֲ¶˷ϼ
η˵˿
֪ٴȫˣ׻ǵһƷĵԹϼ
ſֱۣһϼڼϣԹڴͷϡ
Ҫϲ˵üٴ

ӱ˭ݣη롣
ϲһֱſ©ڼʱˣϲ
ϲηһ߳

Ժȴи꣬ձܻɣûдɫɾ˭ʶʹءη˿ʹ˸ͻ
ҲǴ˵У˲ˣһλ

ɩɩϽΡЦÿġ
֮ˡ
ǻܣСӱɩɩϽεġ
뵽ʵǸˣη˾ľı
ȫ˲ǰˣʱ͸ȫȥȲ貢ˡ

ûˣġ
лĹкЪЪҲУΪ˰ϯ档һһ̫塣
һ£ʲô˼η̲סʣͣһ𣿡
µǡ
ηʣŮأ

ҼŮϾǷҳ׵񣬸ñӯŵġ
ȴûŮ͡
ηֻ˵ŸɾգˮӣĵףΪѹ

һգ½ʿǶżˡ
֮󣬻СѡݡʿܿУ뺲֣ӽ
û˲ȨĸһЩ뺲ֵǹݸ󣬲;
Ͼǲһ׵ˣֱڻʵߣĽ

״Ԫ׫ۺ̽˱ޡ
ʵνӼǣǰԡڻʵ۸չʾŻ˶
״Ԫһ۱ȥҲˣ̽
̳½ƽ°ϵޣݵվ

Ǭ幬鷿ǻʵճ½Ӽӵĵط½ȥʵ۴
ʵʣʼˣδ֪к־򣿡
½̧
ǻʵۻʮ꣬ʢ꣬۷ʱ̡
ƽ־½ͦΣԱ֮һ޺


Ǭ幬Уʵ۵̾־γҪ¡̸ֻס
½ν־ʵǴܵס
֪½ֻҺãᣬҲᡣ

¿̽ɵȷᣬüۼ䶼Щٳϵ˿̫ˡ
״ԪȣҲƵǺ͵ĹϵѾû
ΪԲڣ;ĥĥĹٳȴ
Ѫ½룬Ҳ˵

½̽룬½̽Ѿ뻳ȡһۣ˫ַϣ˳ߣߣߣߡ
ʵ۾ˡ
ǰˣʵۡ

ʵ۴ȷ˷ߡϡ
½ԣ롣
½΢΢һЦʳ֮»Ҿ֮£ûʲô롣

ʵ۵ƾ١
½ԣҪҵݡ
ʵ۵˭Ըûݡ
еġ½ӴҷѲԺһ˵˰Կաʵϣ䵽ÿһϣǸиĲĲ

ʵʣ˻
檣֮࣬Ŀάһӵ½֧ĩϵû⣬Ҫά಻

ҳڵ£ռ˰طԱʤšףΪ¾øѾˣʵ̯ÿﶼȴݣʲôҲȻֻ£ռнŮ˻ģʧͳ
ύһˣнʿ֮ţԼǣ֪ĩ֧ңѧȴܿƾ٣ֻźޡ
̫/ʵ۶ҼŴϣԼʳǵġֻ̫/ʵۿ϶Ҳ벻гһգ֮Ӵѵ۳͢ĵزȴ̫/ʵ۵ıˡ

½˵Ķԡʵߵ£ֻ֪ЩԸģǲԸġ֪⽫˵棬жķ
½̧˳ġߡ֪ǲ¡ֱѪ⣬˺ҧѪܵġ

ߡ͡ߡʵۻûǸд־ʮĻʵۣǴϿóġ
ĵ󣬵ᡣ˵
ᣬŸõ󡣡½˵Ҳպºûûˡӹӹµµֻ󡣡
ʵĿ

²ǣҲ֪ⲻһһϦ¡ղ˵ˣҳᣬұҲᡣߣҲֻǳΣ¡˼ǲǲܵĵط֪ġ

սߵݽ£ǽߣֻǱ־򡣡
£¸ʮꡣ£ʷᡣ
֪
ʵЦˣοãʮꡣ

Ǭ幬״ԪͰۻڵã
ԭһ빬ģҲһߡ
ùѾмԼȥ¥ֻߵ·µˮйͨ
ͽʿνǰӿ·Ħࡣ

۾̾˭ҼŮų
Ķ飬ʮױǽͷӶΧ۾̾
ȥˣ˭ҼŮǼԺȢޡ

״ԪͰ۶ԿһۣƵ
½ȴֱϱࡣ
״Ԫ۲Ǹ˾Ҫȥ֡ʵҲ뿴ԭѩһû˵ġһǰȥ

ϣ߸ˣ½Ŀȥ
ױǰں󡣶鳤ͷһ̧һ̧ļױó顣н·Ÿͷжӻţݡ
˶ˡ
ֻأܵˡȨơ֡

һƥ̤ѩڣԺŴ켪ͦΣüۺЦ
Ƕ񡢻ҵİ̧Σ̧С½̽ǰ߹
ֱʧ






172.   172    

172 

, ǰտ֡
һ¿ƽʿν֣϶λɵ̽ɡྩŮһ̽Ҳ
һǼԺȢޡﲻ֪˭Ů, ȻƷϼʮױƳһ, һǵŮһӰŲܵȵɷھ

һգȢ, ǡ
ųһıﲻλ, Ҳǲӵ񡣵Ȼϯ˺ˡ
ȫ㲻ύҲܽ

Ȥ, ʵδκιԱϲûκ˳ϯĻ
ӶҪ׵Ϣɢ, ұҵظ׼ˡ£̡鱦С䱦е¡
ֻȻûϲ, һյĻϲϣȻ˱͡
Ȩƣˡ
Щı͵ļ֤, á

һء
Ϊ֤ޥ, ĸ֮ý֮ԣΪޡͬĽᷢ, 롣
ݸá
ſտյӣʵʵعȥ
תת, úõعӡ
޶԰ݡ
£е֣˿ѥ档
һһҾ
һɡӴǷޡ

һǣ붴
ֻջϲûŮֻ͡ŮͺͼӲſڹ
ηһԼӲĹһˡ
ô˵ء
ηһʱƺҲû洫ô£һʱЩб۵ĴԣΪġֱ˽ս

ޥڴߡһЩŲЩ˽Է
ȫ˵ηƺѽһޥλֹģôˣ
ɫ˿ѥҰվǰ
ޥˣҵֵܣĪš

˵꣬ҿ˿ϲ
Ů̧ͷѲǵɬС࣬ˮϴɬϲҲûԹޡ
ֻҪԹͺá
Թˡ
ӴԺޡ

ޥĿɨ֮ˡ
ԺҶʹ˴ߣԿ˳Ϊ׵ģʮˡ
ֲη˸ղŻԾɣΪ˴УֻǾ֮ˣͨӡ

ϲ˾Ʊ
Ʊһֻޥ
ޥӹۡ
׶ףһʮ꣬תתų˷ޡĿƬ̣һ˺ơ
ͬΣ𱰣Դײ롣

ˤ˾Ʊ
ϲ￴˿һһ󼪡
ǺȻá
η룬Щϲˣס

η˲ͷת˵ӣɩɩʲôǴҡ
ηһ㱳ȥ

ʹӦ죬ޡɩɩأ˵㼪İɣ
ҺôЦҲЦˡ
Ц֮꣬ңǡң


⻰˵꣬ηʵظܵȷǸ˵еˡվߣܵʵʵѹ
ǶЦˣһ֣ģǣɩɩ

תͷȥޥ
ޥҲЩ
תͷȥ˿ˣǡ
ʮһ񣬹ɩɩ

ޥδ֪γƺ
ǲ֪ó̬Ŵȡ㶼֡
һһˣʮ˳ȥȥǰкˣЪ˰ɡ
ޥͷֿ˿ȷƽ£ȥˡ

һӣоͿˡ
ⷿǰǲţϷĽһķö࣬һߣԵر
ޥתηˣ۷ˡ

ӻкЩġηæ˿ˡ
ޥʣù𣿡
ùˡη˵йʮܵ˲õġ
ޥ۷˵ʱʵǺգͽйͷ˻ظҪϵġ

˵ȫȻǹټҷɣ
η˽һλ˳˲룬ô²ĳʱ룬ĪǡĸԱӣлˣԼȢ˹

лޥֻߵʱֹ
ϲѾȥ÷ˣвޱˡޥʲô˵޷
ʵηµӶ˹ġʵٺõˣҲë
ʵηԼҲ֪Լ˵ʲôֻһˣ˵ܡ
ⱲûôܵĻ

ҿŶǰѷ˷ϵġ˵
·һȺˣɰһ룬Ժƺ˵ɷǵûмˣһȺǸһˣҲˡ

˵Ǽ仰ʱʲôңѽη˵඼̲סءĪ;öȡ
꣬Ǹ˰
ʱʧռĿڣ˵ܡ
ٱ𣬱̲סλ˵ʲôֻ˵ֺڣɷ̹࿴ʲġ
æҳ˾ˣ˵Щ˱㵱ûɡ

ηǸԲͨˡһޥϲ̻
ǲεζ
ޥһЦ˵ĶԣӶ˹ġ
ĺúùӣ¹á
µò룬ͬΣҶ㣬ȴҡ
η˿ɲ
ĵȥˡ

ûˣޥ˴ѡ
һԹڣĽأѹͷһˡ
Ůӵӣժϼѡ
ޥҪϴ衣
ŮǵϷľԡأʱϴ

ޥȡ
ŻǰĽϷҪ·ṳ̂Ϸ
ϷСʰġͷܣػʹΡѪףȴֳһųȵġ
ޥԭ·ҪʰʲôӣûκҪ󡣵ʵöˣҲ㿪ʼ롣һ룬ȻȻҪ

ţϸڴģȻŪˡ
ֻʲôģû
ޥ˷٣жױݣȥ˾һ

˼ҵһˮ뵼䣬ƵġŮѾ˻ȥѾʵĻ꣬øɻˡ
硣

ޥ̨ˮˮ΢̣á
ޥһ̾
û˲ϲܣޥȻϲ
ֻҵĳ̶ȣЩľ

ŮǹڳرߣΪĦ羱ֱۡ
ޥͷˣŮʮ־ڴ˵Щݳ޵ġµġܵź
ƽʱʲôӡ
Ǹˣţŵöɸ
Ʃ½֮

ޥĿһʣУŮ𣿡
Ůǵûˡ
ޥʣ֮ǰинҶģ
Ů΢ûˡ

ޥۣŮüֻլѰʻˣ˻ӣԸðլ壬Ů³
ֻŮڳرߣͷ£ͷŰأͷʪˡ
ˡ
ɡޥˡ

Ϊ˴ӣͷĨ෢ͣޥ㽫ͷҲϴˡ
£صҡŮǰͷ
󲼽ȥˮ֣ӷҹһ飬㻻һ顣
ͷҪɵʱŮʹˡ

ޥԾʱˣСϷʲô
ͨСӣǸˣܻԲ⡣ʱٹҲǲʵġ
˵ʲô𣿡ʡ
Ůʹ˵л˵˵ſһġ

ޥ¶ߵſڣȻͶһӰӡ
һ壿
С𣺡Ƕ¡

˵зڻŮ£ķлƵġ
Сһţޥ˵ɩɩ
ɩɩ֪޵Ĳ鲻Ը֪ǱȲǰͷǸˣЬ䡣

Ҹ磬ꡣ
ꡣ
һֱĽ磬иǹš
ҾûУԣһֱǹţԣҶ
˸ߣߣǰ뱲ӣǾǰ׻ˡ

ߵġȰסˡ
ɩɩҪޣͺ
Ҫ޸硣






173.   173    ٷ

173 

С૵ء
ӰӺȻ, 졣
ͷϡ
ޥˣˡ

֪ˡȥɡ
Ȼƽ, ƽСܷġ
ɩɩ˵ġǲǵ, ǰҸ͸ʲô
ޥʲô

СЦȻˡ
û
, пڹӣصǸ㲻

һȥˡ, и緢֣ҡ
СŮǲˡպȵñ˭, 硣


ޥŴϵӰʧ
Ϊʲô޻أ
ú޵ѵ½ʤʱܰܰɷ
Ϊ֮ǰ, һ֪δıġ
ЩˣЩ˵һƶ, ٻزǰ
Լ
Լѡ

ޥȥ½תͷ䣬˹ȥ
ν, ɹӵķ䡣
صĹӲֹһһšޥһ, ȫδոѥӡ
һȣŵĶǺ½ߵҷ

˼ȶǣֱһ, ޥȻס
Щ
ޥãֽȥһϸ˿
ޡ

ٿ, ϸŮޡ
ЩɫˡЩ¡
С˵ˡ
ܲأΪǰûͣסġ

Ů˷˺ӣ˸ˣмҪҪġ
Ҹ۵Ļ䣬Ҳѹ䡣ȥҲоĬԸǣ

ûֹʱ
ȴһɵӣ룬סʱ䡣
ޥϹţͷȥš
ɵǡ

Ժƹͨϯ˵һ
ֻʱȴϯϣȥ᷿
إҪң£ʡ

ԺԻˡˡ
إһƤͷӡڼԺ֮¡
Ųۣȴ붼벻̾ߡҲֶΡ
ǼԺˣţʱˡ

ŸϻӣմϲϺ񡣡
Լˣôô
إϻӷ˻ͷûʲôģЩջ붼ۡⶫֻǰһǸţġ

ᵽţ󣬻ɫ΢ʲô
˵ţϻӡ
᷿б㰲ˡ
ϯ·Զ̻

ãʣʲôƤ
إϺĺƤ
ʵ̫⡣
ʵõĵȻƤࡣ񻹹ֻţ˵ŷˣá

ֻ˶Ρźֵ⺣ƤҲĺôǼõģʮҪ˵У϶Ƥá

˵öԡϻӣƤ˿϶ŵ
ƤʵݵöˣǶƤûʲôоˡޥ϶С

إˡףˡ
ĶܱϿɣإЩˡ
µҡ

صʱޥѾҵŮԼͷŴͷڷһ顣
飬´Ьӣ
Ľš

Ȼֻһȷʵˡ
ѩ׵ģδ⣬ҲΪ˿
ȻһˣնܿҲڴ渧뷿֮֡
ûϵԺҲˡ
Ժޥˡ
ͷȡ

ޥ߹̧
ޥֻľ쵽⿪ŵһߡٽ⿪Բ۵ĿӣȻҸ¡´˴ѡ
ǰɫе

ѵеޥעƽǴͷڵţڵġ
ճеǺɫġ
ҲɫÿҪȻͦ˵ġ

ޥΪΪɷ¡
£ΪһˡȻȻʮҲѾֻճ
ȴȻס

ޥûﻹ˳ӣûȾƣ
ľζӦմȾϵġ˵ġ
ḧı
£ĵĴк¶ȶ̫ԡ
вɺӵ
ˡ
ޥ΢΢ס

ӵԺӲƣֹҡ
ͷ
ͷϴˣһţϵϢżˡ
УޥŶһ

Щſ
ޥˡ
ޥȻ̧ͷ
ΪҪ㽭ʹλӡҸˡȻˣ·Ĵ

ʤʱ˴ֲɾģûнݵ̰ӰҲƤʵݡ
ûѡɷйˡ
ǶӣԼӵܵѰ챦ҪֺҡȻѿҵ֡ĳٻҵ֣ǵһֻĳƺң˻ҵ֡

ż˭֪ҺĹϵֱӱ㽫ȱʤʱʤʱǡ½İѱһͬ⣬ȥձҪ㡣
ġ
ʼԣҲ⸮ͨصѲʱƵˮж

ޥͷ˵۾һգգ
ޥĽµķʽ
ˣһʲôˡ

ޥͷ
ܲ
ţޥŹ˵ģеݹͷˡ
ҡôôʹأ̧ͷôأ

Ϊⶼȥ
Цˣͷ
ݵ̰Ӱ֤ݣˡұ½ң㲻õˡ
ˡ
ޥѾҪˣǲ̰Ĺͷġͷá

ЪŰɣȥϴ衣
ϴ·㱸ˡޥʣҪѾͷ𣿡
ãԼСȥ

ޥֻصϣϨ˴ͷĵƣˡ
û£̫泯
ֻҹ˯š
ֻŬ۾

ϴܿ죬³ߵߣţ֮£ߵ
ӡ
Ӹ⣬βʱ谵
ޥ˸۾

ĻУڴǰ¡
ؼս
ˡ

ޥ̱۾
΢𣬻ˡ
ҿ˱ӣ˽쿪ֱۣޥ§˻
ޥһֱ۾

ձظأƶ󾱡
۾ˡ
ޥۡ
ȴޥۡ

ޥ۾
壬
ֻ֮ϱ¡Ϣ
һ̣ޥ޷Ƶ룬¿ӣˣʲôأ

ޥ۾Ȼп˾
֪ġ
ŮӣҪػԼࡣ
Ȼǵλ֮УƩ缿֮ҲĲģײסͶˮԼáɾġ
Դӵ򡣷Ůӣǿػ¶أԱ
ޥҲ⣬ϾҲŮӣͻ

ˣ˸֮ʧȥ˷ܺŮ˻Уˣʵ۵ĺ󹬶룬ҲӴŮ
һ󵼡˾ãûзͬڡû
Ȼʵģ¹ΪʲôҪҹŮʳ

ޥʱƽؽӦ޸ʱͲµˣƽ벻֪
ִֻޣֻ˼ٷз¡
룬ĵףԼʶûУΪԼΪ½ġ

ظޥա
һֻޣͻ






174.   174    ˴

174 

Ļ, ĿƬ̡
ޥȥڻ
ĸ磬ˡ˵, ˯ɡ

ֻޱ㰲ࡣ
ǻñȨˡ
˵á
ޥµĴӡ

ޥ

̣΢, ȴûз

Ů˰СЩ, ὫǱӡ
ļʹſԲͬз¡
Ϊ޸ʹܷʹɷȨ
˺ĹȥԸ, 

±ӵ˽̤ϡ
ޥ۾ֱ۵ǰ, ڻ塣
ڱ￴±ֻϸϸĴ, ڻǴƬļ

ֻ
ޥıƣС
ܸܵĽļͷ
ޥַ, Ժ󱳶ٴ塣
̬Ӥ, 
ʶļ޵ˣͣҧ, Ӻ潫ڻ˯ɡ

ɢˣֻ廹š
ޥ۾
ż͸§ֱۼӲ
ޥһֱ۾, ΪԼ˯š
ʱˣطȵĻҲӦˡ
ջ˯ˡ

ȵ೤, ۾ڻ谵ĵؿŻˡ
ãһǡ
ס۾

ʱޥһأָо˻֡
峿һرʱ䣬ޥ೿еĻ䡣ֻ֪Ҳ
ѾʶԼԻ֪ǲȫǴġ
ֻ۾

ϸˡ
񳿵ࡣ
ȻţҲۣޥܸܵڳĿ⡣
Ŀȵһ𻺻ڱϸĦ

һֱڳš
ޥѩ籡ˣÿһǿҵչֳһŮˡ
ͷظƵıǺϼٲƤջ֣ñסѩ
Լ´ÿӳȥˡ
Уޥʼûۡ
չ˯ȥˡ

ѹͷѾϸߡޥϢˡ
ŮǱ롣ٳƺ㲻ǡǡˡˡ
ˡ

ϴ꣬ױǰŮױʣأ
ŮǵǴº񣬶ȥǰˡ
ŮֵϯҲд£Ѿˡ
ʵ۵ʹҪŵģǶʵ塣е۳衣
ޥͷ

˵Żˡ
ŮǷ׷񣺡
ӻ֣ŮǶˡֻʣޥ
ޥͭпҲ֣һһˡ
Ϊͬԣо㲻һˡ
ĸ粻ĸ磬ķˡ

ޥת˸񣺡ˣĸ֡ȥݼĸɡ
ѵ÷ȥ
ޥЦЦ

۾ɨױ̨Ůȥױ̨ϻδüʰΡ
ѡһ֧Σޥ΢΢ͷλ̧ͷ΢΢һЦ
Ƭ̣΢΢ȥȥ

;ͣ¡гɡ
ޥȴҹʱջȥ֡
ţĴӡһ¡
˶٣һʲô
һ˲ڻͷסĴ

ĹŮܵĹͨ䲻Եʽȴܱܶࡣ
̡
δڷſޥϡ
ĸ硣ֻǻϰߡһòã

Щ꣬δƹڻǱޥ˽ࡣ
Ӧˣá
ʣ𣿡
Щ⡣ޥϣĲһ
̫ˡ
ǡޥһҺɵǲǡ

ûشֻ
ޥ̧ͷ桱һָĨĨĴ֬մˡ
߬סָ֣Ĵ֬ȥ
ָ˿˿ġ

ĸڼҲҪͿ֬𣿡ʡ
Щ״̬װϰߣһֱ֡
ͿŴ֬ǻС
˳ͲãΪ˳Ҫݡ
ⴽ֬ǻʵϲġʵϲƯˣƯ·ͿƯĴ֬

ʵ۵ȻĳôɣĪ衣
ԻʵΪױ硣
¹ٲǳ͡
ĳλݾȨǵȨƣҲӰǱˡ

ĸ滷ԭġ
ޥҰ㻭ҿ㴽֬ˡ
ױ̨һвĴ֬ɫ̫ѰŮӻõġ
УôˢɨһЩʣɫ˭ģ

Ӹߣֱױ̨ϣС
֪ԼɫҲÿҵǸɫķӡޥʣ죬𶯡
΢΢ſ촽
ޥΪˡ

רעüۡ
Ӧ˼޸úõؽڽ
Ǿͱˣʱ䣬

ù緹޶ȥ˸һǵĶԺΪĸλ
ޥ£˹ţһյŵλǰ
һֱŽ̧šĸҲǹĽ顣ҹܵúϣǴȥһػƣݺݵسһ١

ޥ㻹ȥԹơ
һЦǣޥ֣վ𣺡Ժ󲻳ˡ
ޥҲЦ
Ц۾䡣


һո׵ģҪϵģǿ˳С
ǶõޥַЬӡɰӡ
һز꣬Ѿ߰ޥ롣ޥڻţµʱ䣬㹻ˡһأġ
ֻ̫û£Щ裬Ųܡ
֤ģ˳СܸˡһֿྡοС

СȳԷ극Һɩɩˡ
ޥѾ֪񣬶Сš޸ˣҲӦܼҵְ𣬱ͷá

һһ÷Ҳñܻ䡣
˳ޥŤ͵ۿȻƺûʲôӦ˳ŷ
ޥʵĻա
е¼ұССʵûôܻ䣬¼Ҷһһ÷ġ
½͸ֿ
ɷ÷һرˡ
ޥҲʱ½÷ֻ½˽ʳ޲֡ǲϵġ

ٻ룬½һ÷ƺܾˡ
һ㣬ʮһ뿪⣬ǿҲŰꡣ
½֣㱷·ϱˣ

翵˳ȥˣСޥˣһԺȲ衣
ޥԭҪӵΣӹ˱СӴ˿˱ıˡ
Ժˣʡ
СﲻԺԺͳһ˵ġ

ޥʻԺҪԺĿ𣿡
ãֻһˣҲбˣ˾С
ޥˡ

Ŀ̫ˣˡ
Ŀ¼ġ˿ˣֶʶȴ֪嶼ʲô֪鲻˵
滷½ʵ಻ͬġ

ҽӹȥҪΪЩ²˵˱ҾͲˡȼֻһҲȥˡٴһʹ鷳˷ͳһ˷߾ǡ
ԡֻҵļҵ׶

Ѱ˼ң˲Ů˵ģǹԺĻ˷ӸԺĸڼȶԤ£ٺطͰš˵ȫҵ׵ж٣Ůʵǲġ
Ʃ½Ϊݵ̰ӰΪţ·ӣóľ޶½һ֪ΪߵԺĿԺ˸Ҳ

֮һͨὫ¸֪Ůˡ
һΪֹһŮˣĺҲвͬĸңǲֻһŮ˽׵ġԼ

ޥЦˣҪȫҶ𣿡
ؽҵľġ
ж٣иס
ж٣ͿԻ١






175.   175    

175 

޸ĸ, ãֻԼһӡ
ȨƵĻ¹ٳңǮȥ, Ҳû̳С
ޥֻǿЦȴġ

ޥһ, ˡ
ŵһؽӻҪǮء
СһЦ
ҲЦˡ

̶£ޥӹ
Ŀ, ޥ⡣
½ңƼҷˡ, Ҳһֳɾ͸С
˭֪ʵƼҷ, ˱ƣż, أ
ǸҪʱһһͳȥ

һЩǰصĶ, ޼ֵӹҲֻΪ辡ζѡ
, ɫ磬ҪҪȥУ
ޥ⶯, ȥأ
Ȼ˵ԼСˣֻ¡

УޥĻҪ, һЩ·ѵǻױ, еľ
ޥһۿһƥڣֻ̤ѩ
ޥ˿Ư

Ȼϲƥҵġƥġ
ޥתͷзǣһƥѩףûһë
ޥ۾˰죬ȥë
ʣûˣ
ޥ룺ˡ
һΣǻݱĸɥ֪Ӽϸȥˣиɥ

ʣ𣿡
ޥûشëӹӯط˻һۣô
һȥӣʼˡ

վޥһȦһȦÿתһȦ۾һ֡
ޥ˶ʮȦھˡתвһĶ
ʣˣ
ޥЦҪҵĶڸɡ


Щʱ򣬲ձޥһ¡
سˡ
˿ʵơ

ޥҲˡ
ؽ𣬸СһӵޣĻ㣬֪ܲҪʲôοӦġ

Ҫأ
ޥʣʲô

ޥ̿סӻ˻ΣҵȲˣ

һױȥ
ױܿˣųһŲӡ
ԽޥϣӦģûʳԡ

ޥһӹ͸е˷Ȱӳࡣ
⿪ժ£һǹŹǹѪۣǹ÷Ʒֱޥס˺
÷ǹૣš
ǵ꣬СʵҲ֪˵÷ǹͨǹ
˵е÷ǹܹܹ󣬱ȴؽӻöˡôãҲûһǹˡ
ˣˡ

ʵޥ½ٷ֮ҲǮˡ
ֻ½ٷ˴һǹʲô
һӣһΧ۵Ժӣ½ٷ˳ꡣѾˡ

ޥǹӣȴһ̵

רıǹ

̲ס̧˻һۡ
ԷָСǹȰӳģӦһ¡
ޥá
ǹת£ڿлһƬ⣬߿˼ط

һѾһһתܵʱѾٿ硣
ٶȣ׳/ǹ͵سڵϣ
Ľ
ޥϲʽ

ױǶͣߡ
ֻһƬ⽻֯˶ˡ
żĿϸϸѰǹ켣бͻзǹ˳ϸ˶̲סͷ·۾Ƶġ

СĪֳˣһûɩɩһլˣƾʲôô
ƾ䴫ҡÿһһЩرиǵˡĸУɩɩҲСģùڣʮֵĺˮҲ׷һֵĸǡ
С

ޥ˺ϱᵽصĺôˡ
õȣϴϴ
ȻⱳǸӵĹ̳ܵ£Ϩ¯Ż档ܱͭ㲻ֵ֪٣ϾͭǮǮͭΪʱˮ£Ҳ֪һҪķѶٲ𡣻Ű࿴¯Ա֤ʱأˮȵġ
Ƽ򵥵һӣǾ޴ĽǮ֧š

ޥϴ裬ŮԼͷ
ޥҿ˱ﻨΪӾޣľ
ǮҲûãҲúˡĻǣˡ
ûõ˵̬
ޥʣϿɻԵݣ

˵˳ݡ
Ҳ֮ңҲǷºƾġ˳֮󣬱ȥѰҼˡ
һһλһλɩɩֶסڻԼլۡ
ֻСʲôûеˣһӡ

ûˡҼұҲݱˣҲȥġֻ游ҵҵִһӸȥ䬣ûʲôݡ
Ǳ̣ûѪԵԹ̡

ޥû¡
Ҳֻŭ[[ȥûѪԵĺӡ
ҪĴУѪԵĺҪ
ԶԶӡ

ͷˣ㴵˵ϴ
ޥȥ¡Ҳſ˯
ޥ泯ŴµĴӣ¡
Ŀѩһչ¶Լǰ


֫ӯһա

궯ʱĳ
ֻʱģġȴǼӲģһһϣ

ޥ΢΢ͷѽ
˴£ޥɽ˻Ļ˵
ھҪȥл𣿡ʡϾƷ
áйûʸ񡣡

ʺȥûˡ
ޥʣ»Ȣ𣿡
϶ᡣ
ޥŶһ

Ѹ겻ޣͨȢ
Ůȥ³УеһȢޡܼסһ
ģǰɡ˵ļûǿġ
½ԡҲɡ

Լǣʫһף
żȻһ¡
Ҳ˰ɡ

ޥ
Ӱ
ǹ
ޥ۾
˴ĸоá

ſޥ§סԼ
ŵ׵ġ
СѾ졣֪뽫ʼ¿Լ
˿Ȩ˼

뼡ഥʱ̾
ܵķɣǱصЩƶƽˡ
һֱ֪ԼǸ̰ĵˣԭҲʱ
ٽˡ

գһԡ
糤ͼ䳤޸½̽˱ϵΪһܣֵ˻ʵǰָ顣
ʵ۷֡ʮˣǴӣû䣿ӡ

ʿʮĴӣδġ
ƥ֮ˣڼǰɻˡЩͨģѧʶģŲףΪŽ֮󱻰׽һŸõĺףĻŵڡ

ǶԪ˵۵ĺӡ
Լҵ˶Ԫ˵СĹ񻹲ꡣǹԪ˵зǰŻϣԪײġ
ۼλȻֵǿܵöϸȴԽݡڻֵıӻ£ö

͵ĳʵۣ
Ҳûáʵû˵¿̽״Ԫ֮šٶ꣬һŶ״Ԫ̽⽫Ҫǹݸģδ飬

˹ǻʼŮʼҷ佫ĳҲŮ;컨ġ
ԴͨԴӡз롣ӻ߸вŻĶӣ˼Σ
˷ˡ
ˣŹ̽ɡۺǣ֪ǴˣģָǺúη

ٿΣܱȵˡӡ
ܿ꣬ʮ̽ˣܱӡģм
ˣһûˡ
һԹԼǸƫҪ
ѹᡣ






176.   176    ·

176 

½̽Ŀɲֹ糤ͼ䳤ˡ
ռС½̽, νֵģǲ֪жٻ˼Ҷʼ
һʧ, Ȼʵ˵С½̽л䣬Ѿˡ
ٹŮһҹ顣

ʮֺ, һ½ò֪ƥĸҵŮ
޲Ů½, ɽݣǾ֮Ů
۾ˡ
½기, ·ͽЩɥԮֲűҷ˽Ե
ˡ۵½丸֪ͼ֮ˡ

ֻʵ˵, 飬, ϧ
½֮ˣͼԱɫ, һ֮Сһò֮ˣŮԴ۰飬ʵΪί

½ǰ˺Ժ֮, 㳣ݡ
ܵĺֱ޲ʵְͨۺ̽, Ʒλճگ鼰ļ춼ʵۼ, ҡ
½㣬һ׵ڱ޵ģֱӾδڸĴ˲šӻʵ߸, öʮʮʱ䣬ڸȥ
ӽλȴ

½뿪Ǭ幬鷿λͬţһ·˵ߡ
ǰͬĽŲȻ˶١
½˳߿ȥ
ֱֳĳȣӭ˺ѻѻһȺˡ

Ϊ׵ĺˣϽ壬צҪڷɶһ㣬仹ŵ
һ˴ŷһƬɫоһ졣
ٺǹ

ĴͷɢȨƵϢ嵶ŵ۳ĽŲЮѹӭ
Ժ
˷׷ױã֡

ͬ鳶½һ£½Ҳ˵һԣһ΢΢ʾ񾴡
ֻЩɫѥߵʱ򣬲֪ܵʲô½̧ӡ

Щرʱ̣оʱ仺
ںԺ½̧˼Ժ۾
Ĵɫڵ׽ߵۡһ̣½ȷŻڿɡ
ֻĺڵ۾˵ζ
ڻʱУգһۣͷתȥǰķ򣬲ٿ½½ԡ

ʱȻû
һ½ǰ߹ģǴŴĿꡣ
˲֪ۣȴ̸ЦҪļʹ

½ԵӶ۾
ݶӵһϢʱ½ٴգһ۾ʹһǣ¶һЦ
µĿ깴ĨЦҲתͷȥٿ½ԡ

ʵԺ˽Ųͣ۵ĺֱǰ̤
һһϢ
Ϣʱ䡣
һһ֣һȺѾȥˡ
ǹѹҲȥˣҶ˿

ԣԺ곤ͬŻ½
С½̽żԺ˵ıӰüͷţ˼תͷϡ
ͬʣǲǵһο
ǡ½ǰջȢף·Ͽˡ

ʵǵοǸˣ½롣
һھ¥ײϣֱۡ
ڶǼǰǰԳϵʮױüۺЦһɡ
죬ǵˡ

ôˣֵͬʡ
û¡½΢΢һЦ
ͬŹһЦǵȻ
ͬŻعͷȥ½΢Цʧ

Ժѹһۣʹ͸ŶһЦ
ʵˣâ̱
ȻͼԺûκν˾÷ѽĵط

һͬſղŷ·𿴵ʹһۣ
⻰л½̣ʲôҲ֪𣿡
ͬŹһЦС½̽С½֮̽ǰʹ⾩ǴÿģǱ׿˵ġԴһν֡

ԭΪС¡
Ը˼볣˲ͬɡ
½³һ
ǴĵףĸоȻˡ

ֵصʣ𣿡
˻صδ
һ˻Ԫ֮ͳȥģˡʱ䣬ҲлˡֻҵȣȲ

ˣͽӵĽݱʹͳˡ
Ľݱʹ˰Ӽ˵ѾΪᡢΪεĽݱ͵˿½͵˸ĸӵϡ
ǻܸ˰ɡ

½룬ٸɵȻˡ
ƽīָдһš
֮ңλһ֮ĩ½ڡ
ԢӾǣĶ಻㡣լͬŽʣ˴㡣ĸޥǰ֡
[[ףв븸ĸ룬˼Ůҹ¡꣬ຼѧĸ˼ң[[
ƣһξ꣬˼䣬Ȼ

ȥ٣ϱܸܲȥ֣ͨȫšϱſɷТһʮ꣬ഺٸ׷ͥԹ
½Ȼ񶾵ؿޥ½е㵣᲻ޥͭ[[
½ڵǰ̫һЩ겻֪أϱŮˡ
ޥŭ[[Ǻ½žۣ½˲֪ܲӦϾˡ
ֹˣͺٻصǰһ˵塣

½˵ǶԼĸĵġ
ŷãƽۣĻؼ
ƽۼŹã̲סһ䣺Ҳ֪ôأθôôѡ

Թϣ½Цˡ
Ԫˣʡ
ƽ۶΢졣
뿪ǰƽ۲źԪסԼˣŨʱ
½˵ԼޥŨʱĸоĪȻƽۣЩȥģܿЩյظ

ƽȥҪˣûţ
Ȼһ⣬ҲԹô£ôûأ
˼ҳ⣬ϱѽ
һ𡰰һƽ۳ȥš

ֻǲ֪ĳջСÿ˿ͷţƽȥȥˡ
½Ļŵͷ֪ˡ
Ц̽϶д֪һ

ĻŻﴧŸ½һŵĻţ˾Ѿ߰ˡֻݷȥ½
С˵Ѿ˺ֱޣǲǸȥˣ
Ļŵٵȼա

Ӳ뺲֣ŵǰӦһ£ӡ󡣡
죬Ӧˣٽ
ٷ˹Ϣ

ʱ½ҴܼҵĴ½ڼϸҲ˵ƵĻ
ٵȼ죬˵ٹȥ
ٷ˹Ϣǡ

ǰҲ½Ļ뿪ⲻõʱ򣬿⸮½ҵĽŲҴҵػصԼҵʶϱддʲô
ǰãӴӾǼ˵лԪĺϢ¶Ǯ
ӵļһģдļš˵үҪĻȥд˻ţ˴

ûдʲôͱƽˣ
ҵĵղӽһȥ˵һ٣˻ˡү˵ˣ¹ӷ񣬲ŵġ
죺ֲǸдţҸдİ
˵߶е£оǱ֪ٷ˵¡ҵ̾һ

ĬȻ
ٷ˹ʱ򣬹ھǸϿ
ϿȻǴ£үѹסȲ߹ɥѶҲǲ⡣
ֻѹ

ǵޥڽݻԺӵʱ򲹽ȥġʱֻСѾͷͱ仹Сһ㣬һޥǰĴѾͷ
ޥҲкüˣи顣

ޥߣǿޥ½һ·߹ġҲǿޥһɱġ
ǵù֮ǰ⴩źѣٷ˵ͷ
ǵõڶٷüɫˡ
Ӳڴͷ

Ȼ£ʵùӵģûбˡ
ֻٷˡ
ȥˣţʲô֪
룬Ϊޥᡣ
޵ʲôء˵ѹ

ţŷը
У˵Ԫһҡˡ
Ȼ






177.   177    Ǳ

177 

Ϸȥ˯š
ԪһӶ, ԭԪ͵͵ٷ˵͵ٷ˵Ρ
ôܣ
ԪŲƤǳĹ

Ǹƽ۶סң½ҵˡҲǸ˸ǰġ
һʱֽ, ҲԵƽۻ취衣ϲġ

ԽԽڶ, ҵĵȥһ, ϲڶʲô
Ԫڣĸ˶𷢼֮, ٷǰѾͷ

ٷ˺ȻΪźòܵ, Ƕߣɢڸˡ
ϸܵڿ, ĸܵٷ˸ǰȥôᾹչ˲ܣٷ
, ŵϢ

ҵĿ඼Ǹʮ¸ˡɻԣСûʲôʶҲûʲô, ȸϵͳ/̳ĴѾͷǲԶˡ
Ѿж˲£ش, ж˲µ˲լ
ǰޥڵʱ򣬶йҵĿ

ޥ֮, ҵȨͱȡˡ
ȥϢķһۣϢ, Ҳľ
ˡɫе㷢ףһһӵһˡ

ҵĺ
ȥ¼ңΪūͣʵױԼҲ븮£ʵû̫Ϊ͵ĸо
·һҸޥ㷿Ҫȥİĵطĸη塣ֻ벻ǵ˸Ӵ˹Ӷٲһˡ
ޥıӻ£һӶ棬ҲûʲôΣС

ֻ˴ʱɼĸоǿҡ
ļң½ҶҸҲ˵˼žˡ
ҵһԵĻ̿֡
ǲڼңʱûĹǣָֻϱϱǸѾͷʮġ

û¡ǼǲµġǼٷ˵㷿ٷ˵ڡӦûٷ˷СҲ֪ûչܺá
ǰޥЩµѾͷ񶼱˰˭Щأ

ǣҵʣΪʲôôף
˵꣬øˡ
Ҳں¡Ԫĸ˵£˲⻳ɵĵط˵Ƕģ˵ƽдš
֪ûиƽдšɾдŶػˡ
Ԫ˵ģ֪Щ֮ˡԪ¹𣬶ˡû֪ˣֻˡ

ͷ亹
ʲôܸҵ˵
ǺܺõģֻûʲôʶҲס¡
ֻԼţţš
һһյأˡ
ޥĶɸɥ

ƾǹ֮£ÿһĽ͵ĺܿ졣
¼ȥյޥţ˵Ѿؼҵ˿⣬Ǳƽ
ٺǰŽյһ⡣ƽʱᆪдܶεҪ̵öࡣ˵÷½ȥǸϿȥˡ˵Լ΢ܻʱ¸ׯϵ

û˵ʲôʮֺ¼ʱ͸˵ޥʱķӦһҲǲޥΪ֮رȥȥˣԲźǡ
¼ȻϣܵãȻһٵеġ

ͬʱʱ½ϾϿ£Ҳ¼ҵĴ¡
¼ΪҪŮ޸أյĿģһʿŮ
÷½㽭Ԫ¼ζμüнʿء

һ˱ʱʱ°ػȥݳǿ棬۰Ͱ͵ضϢ
ȵõ÷½ԵлԪϢ
°ֵˡΪڱ￪ˮϯȫˣ
Ȼͼ׹棬ڣյĽ

̽
ѽ̽ѽ
¼ð
˸̽Ů
·ѽ

¼ֿˮϯϢ͵ѡߵý˼ӵ˼ҡôõĺ£Ȼ֪֪ʼʡ
ɾˮϯûʱ½ҵ½һ糾͵ģ¼ұ

һ棬ᣬȻ˦¼ңٷ˹ãؾõȲүǣĪûյ͹Ϣ
½ҵȻûϢϹ

¼˵ͷһˡ
ʲôôˣ
׳ȭͷС½µ½ҡΣ˵
С½ݼܺãĵ鲢ïأٷ˱òѾˡүǣֻȲҵȲʵû취ֻ֮ǰѾʼˣү˵еĻֻຼɥˡ

¼һãſ˳
ǰžἰǳ£úһˣʱһ纮ûˡһȻʲôɲ룬ֻݵأ֮񵱳ɥʱһɴȥɥ
½ȥ

½ӣޱ飺š
ƲƲ죬ժԿףϷšŷ˽ȥˡ
ˣ÷ˡ

½ϣܡ
ϣݣȧ͹ձŮˣݵˡ
Ա½Ϸ֮ûһճԵ£˯úá
һ뵽ޥ˵бŪ/֪еɹǷİʹࡣ

Ժ
һŮ˻ְĥŮ˵Ķ˼ĵش곤ķǲϱģǵĶ䡣
ޥ
ޥ񣬻
ţǻʹࣿ

ְǸ͵ȥİ
һ뵽Լֵ̰ķգһޥͳȥ½˾ʹԸӡ

ԹԾȺ;ˡ
ֱǡݺͽ궼дȵšЩŶûͳȥȫ½ػˡ
Цţһ˺顣
˺еϣ
ӡ˹ӡܵǡ˭ܣ˭ܾȾޥﰡ
ǣ

Щ۵ģ˵
Ȼֻ[[½˵۾ܾ۽
Ȼأҧʡ
ҵǸеġŴءڣЩ˱㲻ˡ
½˵ͷǰҸǰʱ򣬾Ǹܸɵġ

ҵıǭ[[Ľ衣½ˡ
Ȼû½ʧ
ޥȥ½֡ЩӲѵˣ½[
ҵüǹӵĵŮΨһĺӣ˭ǵĵӣ

ЩӲѵ˲Ƕô۰
죬[[ˡ
ֻСֹʲôպңСӣ㻹ܲܺ

ϷȻ£档
ˣˡˣˣ뿪ЩүӲˣ
ֲģֻϱŮ
šֻŰ

½ᡣ͸ﾧӨ˸һ£籦ʯһ㡣
ڣ˵˵
صؿˡ

½˲
ûһ
赱˲磬Ȼɷ룬ƼҶһǣ޹ҵˡ
һŮȥȥӻ
˾ݼϷˣõĸס

Ϸ˲ɷķԣľմѾͷõߣĽ衣
ɷ˵иҺŮŮߣܱõ
ɷ˵ˡ
Ӵ˸½һӣչʱ֧

ûһֻΪˡ
Ҳ
ԼɷϱŮһӡ
½ҵķ½һţ½š

ֻ
½ãš
ǵڵʱޥǴªƲߵʱԼûͷˡ

ֻš
ֻϱ
ġ
ǸʱûЩ뷨
½ô붼벻ˡ

ֻ½룬ţϱأ
ޥŮأ

½⳾Уס

һѹһա
һգͷظүˣ¼Ҿүˣ
½бϣĹâ
ץסָ֣׶˽ȥ


֪࣡
ȥޥ

Ǻڰ֮ǰΨһĹˡ
½Ѿȥ˼ʲôաѶȡԡͳͳȥˡ
ֻһͷ
ޥ




178.   178    ңң

178 

١
ĽǶȳ, Ҳʹٷ˵Ʊǿһ, Ȼϣ½ܺ½ͽ⣬һָܻǰ
Ҳһء

½˿ɡ
°סǰѾͷʱ֡
ġ
½ָ֣ȥ㡭

󾪡
һϥҲ, 뽫½ˣˣʹã
½˲˵ָֻ׽ֶѪ
۾ҲѪ˿

ݼҴС, Ĳòຼһ
ڡ
ôȥ, ɣ
ᣬһҧȥ
ȥ½˵, ½˺ˣȥޥﻹţȥҼԣȥҴܣ

Ӧˡ
û
ʱѾͷ˵ǰ¼ҵľүˡʱ, ˸ۣ˱ڽǡ
輱ҴҲ߳Ϸ, ԺĴʹӱһӵϣˡ

Щﻹ߶֣֡Ҳ
ǰ͸, Ҳ¡
һ, ˵ҡ
ŮںԺȨ˴ģջȥʱ, Ů˱һС

½ԺĶ
ȥţ˻ƣ°ף°ף°ף
Ӷ½˵ҷ˵, ҵĲعأǰ͵үȥ䡣˺úϢҪΪ񡣡

½ͣϵ˵½ˡ½ǰ̫һֱûãֻС¡
гһգһӣҲܰס
°Ҳˡ
ϣûˡ
ʱ֪ͨ¼ˣ¼˶ȥˣ˭ܾޥ

ÿһ죬ޥ㲻֪ʲô˺
֪ǲǻš
˵Ǹ˰ǻͽȥʬ
½˵ָ

˵꣬û½˵ĻӦȴ˺󱳷
ָ׻Ӳ﷢
ܶܲˣžܲˡ
ҲܲˣôӶ￪ʼ˼Ƥ˲һ󱳡
˺úЪŰɡӲͷƤ˵£ͻū澣ū澾Ժ
˵꣬Ҵææض㿪ˡ

½˵ָϻǳǳĻָۡˣִѪۡ
䣬˵ϡͷŰ壬۾˾
ݴСδгһգǱ
Ҳδɷ򣬻޳ܳ
Ϊˡ

õ
õ
˭ڻأ½˻룬˭
ǣװ

õ
ຼݼңǰϦ׽ãһ̸
֪һֱԼһˡ˵㣬ֻһŮˡ

½˴ûз
ֻΪһŮˣǿֵǣһˡ
ֻܵŮˡ
Ůӣϱš
˵ֻѽ

ΪʲôҪء
Сʱ򣬸ͷش˵¡
Ϊ£ǹ֮£˵ĵ
Ҫʲô
ҪΪģΪΪʥ̾ѧΪ̫ƽ
̫ˣ̫Զˣ̫ˡ


Уȡ壬СΪ
½ۣЦſˡ
ԭСˡ
ͺ½һСˡ
һ̣½Թۣô½ˡ
ǣ԰ˡ

󣬾ӺС˺ƾʲô¶ۡ
һ˵һҪǹײܶۡ
õѪֳס棬վ
̧ͷ˿߸ߵķ
áôˡ

ɻűݵ飬糾͵ظϵ⡣
ԭ½ʮֽƻڷѾ̵ˡܵȲѾຼɥˡҲ׼ӵѶ
벻½ſڵʯʨϣȻϵź

ɴŭ
Ͽ½ӣҲϳ¼ҾүȻǴЦӭģ
ֱһȭȥյ˵
½ӹأƿڴ½¼ˣ
˸ӣ
̫

ŷӦ¼Ҿүɥģ
⼸ǮõһʱתȦˣ 

ϵļСһѷӵȥ첲ģүϢŭүϢŭ
ǹӽƵ̽ǰӭʱµģ
ٷѾຼȥˣ

뾩ǱȿǱȵϢٸƿƾεĹ档
ԶЩǰյĵغ͡ʿڡһġ
½ӭӽݱʹҡ

Լֻǽʿѣ½ʿڣǹҫϲ¡½Ҳϵ˺񣬻һһͭǮ˺ü죬ÿ⸮İշӵſǮմǵϲ
źϲıﲻʯʨϵĺһֱû⡣
Ѿû˼ǵö⸮Űһ¡

Ȱšοţӭ½ȴڸ
ѾȥүˣͿˡǵ
ڼСµü˳۵غɽֵѾˡ

ʵɶޥİ¶ѾˣѶȥຼˣ½̽£ȻҪء
ֻϹΪӱɥʯʨϵĺܲŭ
Ҳȥͷϴֻ½

ڿʵúˣ˹һյ裬ʣ½ڣȰݼҲС
½˸ɵҲܲ½ˡЩεΣǺĸദЩºϸڶó˵ٻǰģĸĿ

̾˿ٷ˹ҼҷⲻסһԴ
½һҲĨ᣺˺ٷˣĸŮ½ǳġ
סЩţ̾˿ŭȥ˺ܶࡣ

ʭ[[Ůأ
µԺһжáүҪȼ
뵽ԼһأСӣȼ½˵
ĻؽС½ˣº½Ӷһ

½ҴҴӸϻżɣȥһ׽ס֣һֶ㿪ʼޡ
ɵŭѾòˣ½ޡҶԲֺɩ˵иѹĨĨ۾ʵطȰ½ˡ
½ᣬ·Ѿ½Ӵ˵ˣȻҪһϸ

½˵ĺ½˵ĲࣺȾȾ˷纮һֱԡ˵ҪұһˮߵıԷϱȥ塣˭֪ص˳Ӹʮּ˱ȥˡ
˵ᡣ

Ӹ֢м֢ϼ֢ˣȷһ˾͹ȥˡ
¼ұҲڼԳӸġ

½̽ȴڼԳӸһھûء
ǰǶôػ뽫

Ҫ˵Ȼ

½˲˵ӣһӹ˸ᡣ
ʵûʲôµġ
ʱ޾壬͸дʱĻںˡ
ųѽ

ݼҴС㡢¿̽ˣ½ô
ֻҪòһ㣬ԡ¼ҡݼҾͶ֪ˡ
ȥޥˡ
ֻǿЩҪޥܸĿࡣ

½˽ϸĲ
ޥ¡һȥġ
֪ͨǡ

½˾Ȼصſ˽µĵӡ


ϢʹУ񿴼һֵӰǸˣ

׼ңҡˡ





179.   179    է

179 

½յޥѶʱ, ¼һҪ졣
׵¿ƽʿµļ٣ЩһȻڽŵظϰΪѡݡ׼νѡ, ͨһԣѡ߳Ϊʿ뺲Ժ
ﵽ½;ߡ

½״ԪҪ, һ˽ֱڹ˺֣
ǰԺ, ְֱˡ
ǰǣҪʲôʲô, Ҫô
£ǰҪĽˡһǰ, ȻǼڵģְʼͱϹٰ˰ֵ, ǵʵǰȥ
ʳ¯һˣʵȻǵġ
½, õ۳衣ټĴ࣬Ǭ幬¼ۡ

ְ߰, ½ѾȫӦˡ
˳ĽֻĻһֱ
˻Ԫдһ, ǰдһ⡣˵û⣬ǷŵĻҲõˣֻһֱûС
ʱ򲻿, ·ˣżʧ˶пܡ

ӣ·ϲ, ôӦõˡȹЩ
ո֪̽ˡ
󷢵ǷŴٰ/Ҳܵ⣬ֻ֪ޥʲôʱܳ

ຼ⣬ͦ˵ġ
ʵͦϲȥµĵطǰϲμǡ
ǣһϲġ
ֻ½ŵޥŭ[[ǺҪȥ͵ʱ½Ļˣ½붼û뵽Ϣ

ٷ˶򲡹
Ӹүյˣ
ֻү֮˹ӵԺͺְһֱסڿջȵ졣
ӣڰ

鷿һƬš
һ̵ƽסҷ
½鰸ǰûб顣

˴ͻҪʱġĵš
ã½ƽʣôȥģ
ĻŰͬ˵Ǹ½纮òȴΪٷһˮ߱ԷרϺ˳Ӹ֢վ͹ˡ

½ʣΣ
Ļ̾һ˲̫ãһֱҲšн裬¡үʮֱʹҪɫˣдţΨӰ˹ӡ
½΢΢תͷ˿ɫղˣ졣
֪ˡ½ˣȥЪϢɡ

ĻſһۣȻƽ
˽鲻
Ļ̲סһû뵽½ԤĻá
˵Ҳ֣½һμҲǰǰ½ڸĸоȴȫһˡ

Ļŵͱ½Щǰ֪½ɫǻԿֶ۹⿴
̽˺֣ڵġĻҲǰĸоˡ
ǰ鰸ĿģĿƽˣװٶ
Ļʩһˡ

ƽۡ½
ƽ۹ӡ
½¡

ƽ۵˳ȥˡ½š
Ⱥ£֮ǰƽ̧ۿһۡ
Ȼɣ·

ߵԶһЩĵطֻˣȥߵӺ壬ٷ˹ˡ
СҲǴӿģԳһعˡ
ƽ۵ô֪
ղ鷿ѹ֣˵⻰ƽŷСʱڽݵԺ鷿ޥԺӼܶޥӴܶࡣ۸Ļʵƽ۸ޥи飬ʤڰ·ŸޥҸӡ
Ȧһ죬Ҳ᣺ǣô͹أ
Ӷȥھˣϲϲ͵ٷ˺ʹžۣ̽ɵҫˡ

С˸Ҫߣƽֺס˵ȥҪ鷿ŵӡ
СӦˣæȥ֪ͨˡ
ƽص鷿ͷҲҿӣֻ

ŵţȫˡ
½һֱûС˵ƽĥҪҪȥϵƣ֨ѽһ鷿ſˡ
ƽ۸Ͻվӣ
½ҹգ˯Щ𡣡
˵ӡ
ƽе£æϡ

½˯£ڶȥ˺Ժ
̫磬һӣԺѧʿŵ½ߵѧʿĹ
١
ȴܾˡ

ûбɥѧʿΪ٣бɥġңɡܸ١
ˣ֪飬ֻʲôʱһˣʱݡ
һȥɥٴ£һ°ɣʿѾԺˣ¸ǰա
ϲֻ½һвŻܵһģ˭˭أ

ҲҪͷӆ£ʦܿ嶯ģǶôҪĶʹ˲Ŷ
˵³ݣôǲܸٵġ
Щһˡ

½߳ѧʿĹԺվ˺ܾá
ѧʿ˵ĶеǶԵġ
ʵ۳ݣƽʱ˿Ŀﶼۡ
½ٻңȻõĵҪ֪ǰʱ䣬ڻʵд»жҪ

ͬŽѧʿٳѾ֪С½̽ΪʲôվԺﲻˡ
ȥοѧʿ˵ˡڰ˳䡣
ֵ¶ͷǵʱ򣬱벻ѧʿҲ˿ġ
½ף֣л
˵꣬˳ȥ

ĺ֣ҪߣȻӦȥ
½ôأ
½ûͷȥ١
ס
Ժѧʿ˭ȥ

Ǭ幬
̧ͷ½
̵С½̽
첻ֵɣ۵ʲô£ɡ
ȥˡ

½ܿһɫ˱˴ĸɾС
͵ض࿴ۡ
½°ڹȥԶأ¡
۲죺½Ǻ£

ճߵġԱǳӲūţճʵۣҾ񼴿ɡ
½ֹʵ۹ʶ졣
½ͷŵذ壬յ֪ޡˡ


٣ѧʿ׼۵ޣ
ѧʿһƬЯ֮ģΪá½ֻѧʿʹˣ־ˣ;֮⣬ԵĶ

ӲǸŮȻ㣬ڱϻȥҲѾˡʣֵ𣿡
ȷߡ½̧ۣ֣ᷢѧʿˣ±Ƕġ

ǡ۵Щͷӣ̫ã֪ʲôͻʺ󡣡
½̧ۿȥʵ۾ᡣ
½ִȥ
ʵĨһԸ½ӡ

ջʵߵֵǺ½ͬƵ״Ԫܣѧܺš
ѧסˣԣæӦǡ
ʷպīӣӡ¡
ʵ׼½ļ١
ȥɡʵ˵οһ꣬ȥء
½ٴι£ͷأл¡

½ھǵˣ½ɹְߣھ½˶Ψհ
Ժĺ棬ҲԶԺѧʿ½Щ˽˱ʣѧʿȥ

˰ᡣ½ɱԹʲôʱ𣿵¸ǰȫʳ¯ʿڵģĻλáˣǲء
½ɻǴѧʿֶ֪ϱȥϢ̾С޶ġˡҿ˵ԺںԺҪֶշ
ѧʿź˵Ȼ

˵һȥ÷ӭ˲̸½ԡ
½ʮƽȣߵǰԺѧʿ񣺡ѧʿ
½񣺡

½ɵôˣ
½ҵԺѰѧʿѧʿѰˡ
ֶϱ£Ҹո˵ˣϲ޳ˡҪڰ˳䡣½ɵֻʦ˵Ķжⲩȡ;˼Ѿȥˣһȫ˷֮ˡ

½һֱţ½ѵ꣬ȴӻͳһֽ˫ַԺѧʿѧѰѧʿĿ
ֽϵ̫ϤʵճһЩЧָʾרõġ

ѧʿһ˵šʲôһߴ򿪡һۣһס
ֵݸ½ɣ½ɿ꣬Ҳһһ
һ㡭

½ҾʦһƬȭȭ֮ģѧġʦĵģˣѧʦ׼ѧļ١
ѧʿһЦɡ
½Ҿ

½Σѵ⣺Ժ˼С
½¡
ȥ½ɹ֣˳嶯ˣ

½Խ٣ʵðԺѧʿѧʿʦǲʦˡ
ѧʿȴСֶǸˡ
½̾ᰡ

ȷ嶯ȥ˻ʵ۸ǰõʵӶܵѵ⣬ı¡
㿴ʵ۶һЦУΪʵ۶ÿ˶Ц
Ҳáѧʿȫ̽ɵ֮½ӳҲǼѻ

½Ҳ
λ£ҲǳĶԷ֮ء






180.   180    

180 

½Ļ֪½ɥٻؼ, һ
½̽˺üղţ˳嶯ҪȥɥúԺס˼١

ôʹ, ôʹáùǺӿ֪𣿡
֪½Իȥ
ƽ, һҲһ嶯ˡ
ֻ˦˷Լʰװ, ٿҲܳС̳ھߣҪڹǰͷ, ֪ˣ֪Ҫȥˣ
˵, ȥʰȳˡ
ڶգ½С

С½̽ӻʵõɥ, ȥɥ¸ס½еվʹӺԺȥˡ
Щŵ׼ѡݵ¿ƽʿǶ˵ˡ˼ʣҵΪӽ˼Һϧ
ЦбҲ, ¾ϧˡ

½ӵ̽ǾǹŮĻ⣬ɥһ, ֪ٹŮϲӡ
ֻ糤ͼ䳤᣺ˣֿȢ˭޸
С½̽ӽ, ҵĻʻھһŵԵļż
ھѲǵȦӣʶˡ
һ뵽֪һʶŮΪС½̽, ͣס

ƷƾŴ£˶յȴˡ
⡭Żᷢ£ѵ, һ𣿡
Ʒ漴뵽˼İš
ŮӣأҪг˼
Ļ£뷨ˡ

ɣ͵Ļᣬȥûˡ
ѵñʲôȥ
룬ǰ۵ķ˱ˣˡ
ƷڷȦȻҧҪΪԼһһ

ȻȹŮǸ֪¡
ָߵ˺ü£ȥϷ
ϷޥںѾ˵Ůˣӹһ˳Ժȫ¡
»鲻£Ҫĵһ£ѾǵĻ⡣

ʮˣޥеԾػû»£
լѾ߷ŵʮ껹޵ġ

û˹ܣ׵ûʹЩ¡
ԵѾһͷȥ

Ƕ붼ġӵҲЩϸòģʹ޴ôųȥˡµҵȣЩգź˵ġ
ƩӣһðĦգʮ־տɫ

ԭԭ˼Ҳ˸÷޵ͣϺȻ͵˼ԺĸʳסеĴڣһ¡
⸮ˣûһЩӿ۾ġ
û˻ǵͣǷû䡣

ĸۡûŮ£ܼһᵣɫѾͷҲ
ƫи
ЩŮӣ඼ڷźġ
⡰С֣ǳ΢

ûй¸ʻеѾͷ͵ǷҪȥ
ûмҶ߳Ժķӻῴ
ʵû˸ҹʻġС¡һˣ̫ˣ²˼ɻ䡣
֮ǰиҶÿÿˡ˭ʣ˭ء

ޥʵͷˣߵŮź˶һ֣ûͷ
һͲѾͷġ
ֻǰ޷֣ܲЩ£ûʹڲһˣˡ

ޥʣʹùǣ
Ůæδ
ޥͷ֪ˡ
ʱˡ

ϲޥ˵ദͨһŮ¡
Ѿ˶˵߰ˣŮǾԾ
ʣʲôأ
ŮǶޥǰվأȻڻػ

üѾͷͲСˣûˡޥվʹˣ嶼ûùǣҾͰˣ
òõġ
ֻܰžС

ޥһ߰·һʣܸһЩѾͷ𣿡
һӣԲ죺⼸źò𣿡
ޥĶùߵģСúõĲ͵ޥߡ

Ǽź˺ܺáޥڽŸһҲ鲻СǾͲѾͷ
ޥЩˣ͸оߵ˲̫֡

լĴѾͷд䣬ǳŹķġ
СЩˣ޸޻Լǻʵ۵ūͣƲ뿪˻ʵԼլۡߵõŮ͵ģƴ˴գҲûרŵ˻Ѿߡ
ҲΪ٣ͻ˶ѣֻҪʳסжû⣬û⡣ʲô⣬⡣

ˣʣҪʲôѾͷ˵˵ȥҡ
ޥһۣȥң
ֻҪҪûҲġ
϶ǱİɡޥеĿĸɨǶǱ˼ѵõģԼ

ȡ˼ﴩĺɴ
ϾˣѾ׳⴩۶Ѿɴ׵ˡ
ſҪ˵ģǵԼġЩСѾͷЩúýһ̣˾Ͷˡ

ſֱ¡
ţֳɵ̾õѾͷСȻһġҪܶꡢһӵĹ̡
ڵġ

ޥޥ·ҵ¼ȥ
ƽС¡
⣬Ӱ
˸оš

ޥתôˣ
ƿߣ˱ˮ
½ԣ˶˵ɥٻؿˡ

Ŷޥ΢΢ͷֻʶػסǵõϢ𣿡
ǡ½һֱŸո֪ͨ
ôأޥ۵ǲ뺲ɥҲٵ𣿡
ġ½˼١

ʵ
νѲ⣬黢¶˵ǽǾ
½Ե̽ڹٲż찡

ޥֻš
еıӵݹȥ
ޥʶˣһڡ
±ӣ̧ͷ˻Ƭ̣Щ£ظҵġ
ǽ֪Ҳסġ
һʱҲһ

ޥ˵Щء
ǲСܾ
ޥ
Ȱֵ͵ֵá

ޥǵõֱ׵û½¡
ʱܼŻزȥѹģԱЮеķ߿һж޲ߣʱ½ԣΨһˡ
֮ǰ£ǵõʱ龰ЩоôѾ翻ˣ

ޥ̧ͷ˻һۡ
ס½󣬸ϣϵãϹš¶ʲô
Ϲ˼£̧ͷڵͷ
Ƭ̡ɿ½󣬻ȥ§סĺ󾱣
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סĴ

䣬òϷֿ̺
ޥĺסӡ
ѹľӡ
ֺ

ĸ硭ޥһ
šһ
ޥԥ
˵ʲô˵ɡ

ޥˣ֮ʵŮ֮𣿡
䣺ǡ
ޥǡ
ֻ

ޥĬãʣܰɣ
۾šһ
жأ
Щйȥҹײ˷衣
ܼˡƣޥܼˡ






181.   181    

181 

ޥ§ס, ḧĺ󾱡
Ҫôܰ㣿ʡ
ø౧ҡ
ҡ
ҡ

ޥתͷľӡ

ջ֣ſ, ءʵ¸
˳ġ̾

ֽӴ䲻ܳ׵ؿբй飬ȴ񻮿һСС, ϸ
ÿҪӵߡ

һ, ˵ĺ
ޥͷҧס촽
ʵǱȴ̼öࡣԼ, Ǳ鲼ɺۡ
меۣϲҧˡ˽żⶼ

, ͷɣֱۼϴš
ղڴˡ
ͱϸϸ´ӡ

ޥֱս, ǰ뷭ſȥ
á
ס, ޥֱۼ䳶˳
ССһ鲼ϣ¡߬߬һߡ
ޥս۾, оһ̵ֻƼֱۼ䡣
ﴫ鲻Խĳ


ɺ½Ҫ˵洫
, ˣүѾ߻Ŵˡˣ
Ȼ
һתͷ½һ

ʲô½θ, ͿҲɸ檣
аѾͷ££ԭ鷿Ѿͷȥ½˵ģײ½˵Ѿͷס
ֶ, ң˵꣬ɻشǯסѾͷֱۣҴҳȥˡ
ɶУȻΡ

ܿ죬ȥݱɥһǸ½ӴҴˡ
үˡһǸ⣬ֱ֣¡˵
ʣô£ˣ

½ӵȹˣӦް
ֻǸˣɶûôΣֱˣô£
ڸ֮Ӿ󡣡½ӵԭٷʱܺǷ˿ĵġٷͻȻûˣǷһܲˣƢˡүиˣ檣˱㡭үү׾ˣ˵ˡ

Ȼãֲǰ˵лĸˡ
ǣС˵ˣүĪ֡½ӵҪүȥϴ٣
ɹ½ʱҲûˡ
£˸оӻҡĵܾﲻԡ
ȸ½ȥˡ

ʱϷ½ڴϣպۣ޷˵
½ǯסֱۡ
˵۾δ׶񣬡ʲôãΪܸıʲô

ϣ
Ц˭ܾأѾ֪ҵĸ¼ұţ¼ݼһΪԺ𣿡
ѵҪ
ˣҪǣ̽Ҫʱ򡣡
Ϊ꣬µ״Ԫ̽ڻʵߣ㿴ɻλӣ

½Щмеϣһݣ½ˡ
еĹ⣬ڳ׵ȥһյڷϨ˵ĵơ
½пɻΪŮնĿΪеĹ⣬ǻᱻĥ
ʱܵõˡ

½պ޵߳Ϸһۿ˸ղŴѾͷŭ
ҰҷʮȵУ
Ѿͷŵ̱˹ȥ뱧ȣүүū֪ˣ

½иޡ
Ѿͷ鷿ܳѾͷƽЩִ֪硣Ժ½ϱĵ̣ŵ˲ࡣҪ½ˣǵŵùˡ
Ͼ£
һŽѾͷ߹ϣʲôԵģ

һӵϽѾͷס͡
ȡ˼ҷ
½ȵҴ򣡡
ĵ׶Ȼ
νҷǹӡνҷʮ£ʮ
ʮȥ㵱Ҳȥˡ

ⷢĳһԺĲ
ѾȿʼĽû
ҷ½һȦԺеˡ
£Ժӡ壬˭࣬³
˶ͷȥǡ

ǾүСסԺĿԺ
ϴʰˣ½ȥޥԺӡ
һǼʰúܺõԺӣ½Ҳӡοˣһֱܺá

ֻԺûտյġ
ֻ᷿Щ½[ͽס᷿
ȸɼ񣺡үūҵģ˺ٷչ˴

⸾һǸɾйصĸˣݺüٻ˶ɡ
ɻ񣺡ˡ
ҵֻңүˡ
½[˾ˣ¼ҵľ˾ˡ

½[ͷꡣòϼ½ޥŵ㳤ѩһĴޡ
ɿĶҪˣ½[žҪϹæ°ض񡣡
һμ棬ԭÿĸͷġ˾˲ã½[͸˾ˣ˾˰á
СһһϺǣȫǡ֡

ŷűɥɶûЩΣ˾üԺ[[ϼ񡣡
[[һص˾Ҳ벻ض񡣡
ʵѩɰһᣬ[[ǵ𣿡

Ҳ統˵Ů̴[[һꡣ
ͣԻûã±㳹һˡ
[[һƵģ˼Ƭ̣ǵá
ʣǵʲô˾˵˵
[[һЩڡסĻ棬˵ˣӡ
ɵᶼˣǣ¼ҵĹĹɿˡ

ͨͻʱڵʱתġ
Ҳˡ
[[½תֻ̾ôˣԡ
æʣû°ɡ
½ʱˣֻţ˵˻ҲҡҪϱڣˡ

Σ˺½һ÷ʱҲûᡣ
ֻ˵Բ˰ɡ
Ҳ֪ɥûмٵġ½Բŵ̽Ӧ뺲ӽġôרΪޥһˡ

½᣺ھǵõϢ֪ѹСޣٳġԭϲӯŵģ˭뵽һ롣
ֵղˣʵڷŲˣȥຼˡ

ɴʱѾûʲôŭˣ·Ͼ׼
Ӽຼ½ϣ½أһǸùޡ
ֻ극صͷϢʱתȦӿʼתû½½һԲԹɫñ߹ġĵһ㲻ԾĸоʼŴ

½ˡΪɷҪһ檾ҪҪģһ¸ɣ
ȫϳޥĿ軭½˵
ޥ˵½˰Ѽúܺã˳Ůǹأһо

Źֵģɸ鲻µģ½ϵʱ㡣
糾͵شݸɥˣˡԺһʱ棬½˵ôӻ㹻½˵֪ɥϢ˰ɣ
龳£ϵˣ

ɵ棬ûôıơȻһӶ²ǰĽݵ̰ӰӻʲôϵҲ벻ޥЩʲôı֮ˣ֮¡
ɵ˼룬˵ӣҲѲ˿֪

½һΪĻɣ뵽¡
һޥ꣬ûӡ
׻˵٣ƣš

Ϊ




182.   182    

182 

µط, ͯϱܶ࣬żŪϱʱзŰģ, ˺Ӻ󲻱úչȻġ
½ҿ϶ɸԼ
½ʲô档

ȻôԼ, ½ϵʱʵ̫˼顣
žүŵʱ䣬ϵˣ
˼·, ǡ˵үˣϵأ
һ˲;ˣ


¼ȫҶ½˵ӡǼõġ껹ΪǸദ, ֪ޥеεΣᵽűᵽɷ򻹶ࡣ

ѧ, ѧ㣬һͻȾ, ˱һСֽ
ϷأϹڡ
Ƣ, ƢϳԷֻܺźúóԷ
һΪ¼׼Щ, Щġ
Щ͵¼ңܿó⡣

Ůҳ, 
¼ᣬο
ЩճС£أ
Żô

ɱԼƲ⾪ˡ
ܰɡ
ܵġ
ǡ
ҲΪ˱ϱսġ
ЩŮ, ŮӲͬġ

Ūˣ˸½ҿͷ
֮ô, ĵ׵Ĳĥˡ
ڶգ½Ҫݼ½ˡ
½̾Եʱձôȥֻϱȥ֮˹ȣͿˡˣƢŹЦһˣǰþ̣ͷҲɸɿһ£Ȼ벻ˡ˵˻ҲֻԴʵֶ¡˵ȥǼҳ󣬲Ѿûˡ

һԱҳģ
ƺ˵ͨ
ѾġνֶֻҪѿˣͺ

½ֶûϣϱļױһ°ɡ
½ӱϼױӣһݡһļױһǺ󲹵ļױеװס
ȥ㡣½Щ[[ٸ[[׼ǧĶɣ԰԰ʮ档ģʱ룬֮ǼҾ[[ģҼҵĶ簡

ʵǺںױ¡½ҺޥǲһμױҲ벻½ҵۡ½Ǯʵڴ󷽣ǡ
ռ[[壬ʳסǾƷССЬӶ˿Ь棬ɼж

ԭ˵ءǮŵù½ңȴȻһĿڵá
½һȥޥԺӡ
ô㶫Ҫȥ㡣
½ǳ˵ӡ

ȼ½ټ[[к½˵£˼ǲܡҲǵʱδʲôģԼ˭[[ġ
Ժˣߵأ
Ժ￴塣

½ӵЩѾͷչ˲ٷˣ˲䣬үŭͳͳˡ
ɳĬһ£иߵģѾˣ˵Ǽ޸˹ܼҵĶӡ
½ӵү֪߱á
ɵŶԭҡ
½ӵӣûҵһຼˡ

ɴҪһңѾҵĺү
һתͷҵȵ¶ţӺԺӹˡ
ŲҴߵǰиȦˣү

⣬½½ӸĽǰȥһˣ֪Ϊʲôǲûܵ¼ұ
⣬ܳ½Ǹ·ϲڽٷ֣֮ޥǴӴӳɳ·ϲ㲡
Զţһ˵ĵ¡

ˣӣȦҲˡ
û㣿ʡ
ҵĨĨ᣺ٷ˸ǰȱˣҴִֽŵҲﲻʲôæж˲ʹչϱ˭֪
ҵľǸũֻʱ¼ҲòʲôˣҪеĻֺá

ҵ󻹸ŸḾˣͦŸӹɼ񣺡ү
ҵĵǵϱǰҲٷ˸ǰĴѾͷ
ޥǰѾͷûˣ½ұæױ
ɵͷض񡣡
վֱ̧ۿһɣɿشȥ

ƽʱԲһʲô
ڣĵײƣزϱһ۲Ծ
ֵԺΪ˼ޥߵˡ

½бһҵģүۣҪţϽү
ͷַĿⷿȥ㡣
ޥޣѹһļױѹһǧ
ޥ˽ǧҪỹױϻĽʯͷ档ЩױûıҪˡ

ֻΪ˸ҵЩֻɺ½Ӵ粽룬û֧Ҳ֧
ʲûҿҵģ䴩ʮ棬ʵǸӣʵʵַ֣Ҳࡣޥ֮ǰжĲ¡ԼãҵҲʲô
ӽױ꣬ɵͷ
½΢΢һү
˵գת·

תյʶֳȥ
Ҳһ˲ײ˭Ҳû
ɵüͷţ
Щϸ΢ı飬ƽʱ⣬ʱ໥˶ԷС

½ûתɸ߰ɡ
½ת·
ҵĸĨ᣺үôأҲܿһѡ

һʿԺźѾͷƽʱסԺ𣿡
Ѿͷ˵ǣʱõġ
ʣǼ𣿡
Ѿͷ˵ء
һʣأס
Ѿͷסڶǽͷ
ɵͷٶ˵ˡ

ϣѾͷ˶ų˷һ·˶ǽ¡
ֻԺΧǽլӵΧǽ㲻øߡһǽһһɾǽͷ
¹һǽķԱԺԺͰ˺ܶ࣬Ȼ˾۾ӵĵط

ɷȥ··ߣӭ˸ŵǷˡ
ɴ󷽷ʣһסģôҲţ
尡˻ָڽȥڶԺӡ
ɵлˡȥˡ

ȴûϾ뿪ŵվ￴ıӰһźתŲҴҡ
ΪԼŪȥˣ֪Լãˣ½ǰõһˡ
һڣ˾֪˭ˡ

ÿҵķš
ҵļһүôˣ
æֶ˲赹ˮ
ɵ𽲾㡣
ҵޥǰ¡ҵΪѵĲʱѾж˲¡

ʧһ£ʣϱأ
ҵж¸磬֪ʲô
ֻѾˣƿӾͳү

ӣɵ˵
ҵķ£֪ˣͷˡ
϶ϱȴɣʣԺѾˣүôģ
ҵĲŷӦȻѽ

ɿḾǰޥǰĴѾͷ˼ҵĴѾͷȱСұ񻹺ã۾
ɵҷ/ǽġ
ҵĳԾſ졣

һǾүˣЩҪү˵
ֻүףֻǽ߾ү֪κ顣
ʵʲôҲ֪ģֻЩ£ܿˡ

ҵͷתԾؿ
㽫Լ֪ɵ㣬һɡ
ҵԽԽɫԽԽס
ɵüͷԽԽ

˵꣬ʣô֪ģ
˸ҵġҲǸûš
ʣģҼ
Ȧ΢죺Ѿˡٷ˸ǰĴѾͷǼˡ

ҧãʣҵģǲҲá
Ҳ֪Ҹү˵ˣʲô֪ģֻ֪ܰЩ߾үڵʲô£ֻˣô֪

ҵ۾ֱ
ԭૡ
ʣ֪ʲô
ҵĻػ񣬰ޥ˶¸ɣԭ֪ʲôǡøʱˣŵòᡣ

ֻҧ
ɵǽ½Ҹˡ
Ԥ֪ˡȻΪʲôҪ
ˡ
׾ʲô

ŭ½ģ½ģ
ʣү׼ôأ
˵ףҲֻǸլѾߣ֪ɣѾǼޡլ£ȫ˵ˣһѾ߳ģٳֲ

ɵʣزϡȲݾߣ취ȥͶ״ӣӻԩ
·ˣ·ҲûʲôԵ·ߡ

ʱ˴ϵÿ½ҵĽš
Ӻʣ˭ѽ
ϳţߵ̨
æţô
̨ţĻˣȥү

½׼ЪˣĻߵҹϻ֪£æ˽
̨糾ͣҲûϴҪ£ʹһ֪үɥ٣Ҫٷ˱ɥ
½һ

ȫȻУƻ˵½֮ڶˣܵȵӿְٻˡ
Ҫˣ

֪½Ȼȥʵ۸ǰ˼٣½ֻЩʹȥ
ͿͿŭˣڱʲôӡ󣡶Ů鳤ɣ
̨үϢŭ˵ǰ¡С촬ģӱһԤպգҲõˡү׼

½ⲽ
ʲôˣӲسơ
ʵܴ¼˺½ͷҲǲС
ֻɺõôһɺѾͷС˼ǰ£֪õ£
õԺҪ½ͷ¾ס½ˡ

Ҫ鷭ˣ½ӣɹ涨½֪дТ֮¡
ֻ¼ô죿
¼ҲŲΪ
¼ҵŮͳȥˣһˡ¼ֻ֪ºǡ
²
һ֪ˣ½Ҿˡ

½ԽԽͷ
ƫʱ½ӴҴˣŶȥ۾ס¡
粻ٷ˸ǰ֪ʲô½ҧֻү/ǽҲҪȥǣɼˡ

½С
鲻
Ͱƽġ
ɺʤʱӣ֤Լ

ϸҲðƽġ
˱ˣ͸ýˡ
߿Դݵá½ٷˡʧ
˭֪ô˵ۣ߱˽ᣬŴæˡ
ͷţԸȥҲԣ˭֪ӾΪ˸ˣܲ˵Ҫ

½һԴ
һԣһ󣬱ҪĻԺʹȥ
ѳƿصĸо͸ˡ

ʱţ¼֪ˡ
Ӧ˽ݰǣҪͳϱ±¶ˣ½ҵİҪˡ
嶼пܡ

½ݺһҧ
ߵһˣ
һݣ






183.   183    

183

Ѿ, ʹ½뿪ȥûԩ
ԭ·/ǽȥصԺ, ѾгһĿڵүȥˣ
ɵ˯, Ϲ
ŶѾߵҸүȲˮ
ɵá

ص, ԽԽŭ޲ھͳȥ½Ϲʹһ١
һ, ʵڿˣˮ˼Ȳˮ, ţȥ
ֻȲйŹ֣ûһ, оƤˡ֪ԣֻûվȥ, ڵϻ˹ȥ

ѹ߻谵
ĵذ, ǴŸζĸɵݡǰһûǽ, Ƕ۴ֵľ
һŷֽŶ˹ȥľ˰ʲôطҳȥ

ܿ, ӭһͰˮù˸͸
ʲôµϼң
˿ʦүģ, ŲᲾ΢Ĺ⣺л׺裬ţˡ

ɵҲʲôл׺裡ɽ¼ұɣ
ֻ˵꣬ʦүģ΢΢һЦл׺ˡ
Ȼʲôˣ
½ܳڣŭ㲻ú

ʦү˵ס죡
ǿŽȥߵǺüءκϽ϶ΪסݡǶȭߣŹһ١
ֳ˿ˮһȺȥˡ
ڵϣ϶ˡ
ֻ룬½ܳʮ˴ڣ

ҵһ˵֪үû
ס֣ûﶼˡǧסǷʲô֪ġ
ҵԽԽ¡
ЩޥһֱĶǸãԲλࡣ֪լﻹֶ

ҡᣬʵڸȥ࿴ٷ˼ΡҺȥӲҽˣҾû־ٷ˿ɫͦõģصӡҲж˲£˼Ҹǰգҡ
֪Ǹʲôˣο˭õء

밲ο˺ӣ𣿡
ǹ½ӡ
ϱһۣҵĻס֣ȥ
ϱ⣬ҵĴҴұܵȥˡ

ŵԺȻ½ӴСˡ
½ôˡ˶ŹأҲ½½Ȳ衣
½ӵأ
Ӳء½£

½ӵʣүǣ˵ʲô
ֺݺԼһ£û˵ʲô
½ӵؽվүأҲԾͻȥˣ
̾үٷǰ£ֻʱѾû˲£֪үլĹأ˸ǰյģԹٷ˹ĲˤŻȥˡͿһͨղŻڿء

緢ˣҵҲж˲µģǸȷǲ֪ʲôǼ⼸ֲͬȫڹǰģʱھǣܸƵģȫˡ
½Ҳֻǹѯһ£̹ȻɵȷҲ͵ͷȰοүֻǨŭˣ뿪㡣ǼѾ½ҵˣ¼ҵģ⡣

ˣصҵɫס
ȥס֣ٲˡүҪʲô¼ҵ£½ҵˡ
ҵ˵պ͵ӡҲᡣ
ҵĵôٷ˰𣿡
Ȧˣɹӣү׸Ӱ͵ӣӶ֪
ҵ᣺áҹס͡

ݵ΢ȵԱȴʼ¼ȥΪޥԩ
ϾƱж񱨲˶ε
Ȼ˵ġԩһֱûе

ʱѾ³
ǣޥ⼸հ߼ʹѾͷĻ£ˡ
ÿϣŴͥԺĿңԶ
˶٣ȥأ
ޥæ꣬š£һ֡

ãһܣ
ޥЦնУܵġ
ĬȻУôȡ
ޥʲôأ
С
æء
ޥŶһû׷ʡ

ˣи¡
ȥȡһӣ£½յЩ
ӹȥ˿˸ޥµӡƷϣûеƷ˼ҡϲ磬ͻ԰硣

ޥʣҪȥӦЩ𣿡
ϲȥȥ͸͸ҲáֻΪӦκˡ
Ī˵Щ˼ңǹλҲøҼֱ档
Ƿޣ˱£ؿɫ

ޥɿǾͲȥ
Ƭ̣ߣȥ
ޥ̧ۡ
Դ£ϳ
ޥ
ޥ㲻һӲš

ޥΣ̧΢ЦãǾʹ¡
㻻·ȥš
ţֱȥСű𣿡
СûС԰õ˵ġ
ԭÿµף½Ǹ˾´һšڶ³߾յϢ

СٵաǱǸլ͸಻㡣
ȵˣûʲô£Ͻɩӡҳȥһˡ
ףȥ
Һɩӳ
СŶһ

ޥʰãҲС
Сһ£ңΣüۺ
ޥͳһƤЦⲻЦЦݣࡣɩӣɣҪȥãҲһ𡣡
ޥȥ


СݣЦãɩز˳ԡ
ޥ޿̣תͷһǵôɡ
С
ޥǿϷꡣ

ЦһƬ
С°ܽ
б¸ɩɩȭš
ֲɵСϵĳȻҪԼ̣֮֮Լ̹֮֮ġ
ޥһۣ

ȴԭСȭȲޥ⼸գȴؽޥһޥ
еĹҪ̿ܲ˻
ޥ½߰꣬ԼԺȭȴȥȥ͸ˡԱȲСϰ
⼸һУСһޥҲ䣬˰˺üյľˡ

ֻǵҶ£ޥԼģٿҵģҵģģ
ɳ³
ν£һСϣϸ԰ԺҲóߴ磬ϸȦֱӹڶϣ㡣

ֻޥһӻʼС˵¶Ƿκɫ˫ģһңסڱ°ͣס°ʮֵ䡣
СǷɧĺɫ·䡣

ֻޥȴǳһɴ䣬׺Сŵıʯ
׸ˡ
ޥ

СȻǸŮõġ
ޥ˿
ԵĴͳһɾĺɫι˫ĵݹȥ
ޥϸɴ׺ʯӻŮ˻ݹĴϡСԴһЩЩס˴ֻ¶۾档

ĻȻᱻϳ
ޥˣߣ
Ŵ򿪣һʿţֱš
ͷϵԶԶؿһкʿͳǽº··Ժˣ

سǱæųµһܿóͨ·
һӱ뺷ʿ¡¡۶ǰһ˺½ƣԺһ˴죬һ׶ɫ˲ͬ
˶źɫ£һûʲôһȺºµģˡ޲׷ױá

һʿȥ۷׷ס
سǱʶֵ̧࣬⻥߶
ǰǶ
ʹҲڡ
һ˭û塣
ҿˣǸŮӡ

ףŮӣ
Īǡ
˶Ȣķˣ˭
ԣ






184.   184    ۶

184 

½, ϣȫˡڴϡ
½ˡ
۾Լ۾
, ŲȴһŴš

½ۣȥ, ʱᡣ
Աû[[ˡ
šűޡ[[ȥ, ȴ½߬סܹȥ
½, Ȱ[[ĸˣ[[, Ī

½½ִӭ[[ϻ˲
۾Լ, ȴںϸĲһĶ
½˵ͫ

½í[[ֿ˿½ˣ͵档
Ժ, ҵڸ٣Ҫ
Ӳ׼ʲô£ϵСܡǰЩ͸˵, ӼֶӣԺûү˵׿˭Ҳȥܡ

ɷĹԴ, Ҫֻܸ롣׼ȫ״
ҵû취
Ŵ򿪣½ŭ[[ſڣȥ, 裬֡
ҵĹȥ˭[[ȥˡ

½صң˴, °ڣӣ˵𣿡
½˻ƣʲô
½ףСǺزġ
½ָⷢŮ
½Ůѡ

½ҧҪʲô
½Ҫˣ졣
ֻҪ㣬͡
õҲֻǲѣ븸Ķѡ
˭ңͱĺݡ

ˣٸһ£¼ҶѾˡ죬½ȥ
ǵҵ֣ͬάǲǵΪ٣
֪ѾﾭӪˡ
ԸһСС¼ң練ơ

ҪǣҪסȥӵĶϸ㶾¼һн죬ȫΪ㡣
ұûдԸ¼ҵġ
㣬¶ʾͿƽƽػȥ
ⶼǡΪ㰡

½˽۾Ử䡣
½΢΢һЦ뿪
ص鷿½ӡ
ֵܣҵı۰򡣼ס½Һúõģǵĺá½һֻϻӣȥɣ»Ǯ¼Ҹסˡ
½ӽӹϻӣүġ

Ժ⸮˾´ְ˾췭˷ӣʣ----һĺػûˡ
µҪȥ𣿡
ֵֺŵģȻȥ
˷Ǹͣӡװţҹ̽ɣСĵ㡣
Ӧǣȥˡ

ϣҵĺ˯½[ԼȥżȻϱߵ£ͣһϢֿٿ¡̣ǵԺ˽ġ
æĿš
һҹµĺ

ҵĵʣԺ𣿡
˵----һĺţس˺üջȥ
ҵĵû취ڹܵˣԺ˶ȥ
˵ű𣿸ҡ
űдúüˣһֱͲȥæȡ˺ˣҪԺҶȥô죿
˵ȿʱ˵
ĵؿˡ
ҵ̾˿

գһ˳½ǰ
ӷɿﴫϢӻˣӻˣ
½ݸڼҾΪ˵½İң

ܿżվ
չǸվڹ½۾ȥֻһɫļӰ
ӹ˳üͣĶ½

½ȻΪӽģⲻŭ
ȵʲô
½Ƭ̣
ʣܲ飿
½ŭΪһˣõ¿̽ǲΪƵЦ

½ףӲ٣кοЦ
½ֻ޴ǰ̫ӣȴϣšָֻңңɻ𣿡
ΪӸ٣ȻΪ١½ҹɥҲӡ

ӻǸӣֻüۼʲôòһˡ
Ѿˣʱ̣ھǼʶͲһˡ
ԽԽùˣ½յѾຼˣʲôã

½֮ǰ֪żˡ½˵ˣǴƬ̧̣ۡ
ʣĸ׿ɺã
½ܲáжϲϱҲ֪ģȥˣһ겻ģ񻰶˵ֻţ[[

½ʣ[[ɺã
½[[ϣȻ¡
½ͷʣ¼˿ˣ
ˡ½Ǳߵˣó١¶ɴԹױѾȥˡ

½ȥݼĸס
½վһȥ
ӶһͬϷȥ
·ϣ½̲סͷ˶Ӽۡ
Ҳ֪ˣȷǰòһˡ

Ժųţ͸Ѿ߾
½Դ½ֱȥҡ
ޱվڴߣǸӶ˽˸Դˣӻˡ
ȴû

½߹ȥ½˲ţ⡣
°ڴǰ£ĸףˡ
Ȼû
½߹ȥڴߣ½˵ıģ˹ţŵ˻úúû㻹Э[[ѹˡ

½ڿڡ
ԡѡ[[ߡ
½̧ͷ
ĸ׻泯ţ׵ְֱϡ
ûоչ㣬ߡ

½ǡ
½˳ڰ֣һޥջؾȥҪҪﵢʱ䡣
½סֻ֣ĸ˵ǣ;Ϊءȥɣ[[ȥ
½ת뿪

ִֻۣһ̫ƽĵߡ
ã½ߡһվҲ뿪ˡ
ˣߣס½˵֡
½ڷպЩڡʣ㣿
ӦⳡϷ½˽סһຼׯϣׯͷ

½˵ܣס㡣Ǯ֪ȥ
᣺̫ˣ̫ˡ
½˵ȥȻԺûٸ
ֻס֡

½صޥԺӡ
֪ӺʱޥԺӾͳޥԺӡ
ǵڽݡຼԺӶ˹ͬԺӡ

½ԺҵѾϢŭ[[ͼѾ߳ӭ½
ǵҵĳ˳[[֡
½Ŀȥʱ䣬Ǻƺ࣬һܿ׵Ӱӡ
߹ȥ£[[ˡ

[[Ƭ̡
˲ףܸʵѾģˣټ˾ˡ

½§˻ͷԼͷ˵һ飺ˡ
Ī¡

һ½ŮĿɨһ顣ԺֻмСѾͷѣѾͷһʣأ
ԺҵߵˡԺѾͷǣûչ˺ٷˣĹһֱүŭˡ
½ģԪ¹𣿡
ҵĴͷǣˡ
½ŭ[[תȥ
ҵĸϡ

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Ȼÿ˴ɨʮֽྻ
ֻǸ˲ˣæµѾͷҲˡӾֻӣûСĸо

½£ȻŮ
˵˵ٷǰ¡һֱԺ֪
ҵȴū澲ٷȾ˷纮֮¹ôʱŲ˵ԺȥˡٷȥԷū澺ʹŲ

ĹأСѾͷǽʲôֻдѾͷ
˶ûˡ
½淢ġ

״ҵʲʲôˣ΢΢ס
ͷ[[˵仰ͷȥɡ
µأҵǣŭ[[ȥˡ
½ȣ˴μ䣬ֽҡ

һɣֻǿայĿա
ܰѡҡģǼҾˡ
½ָʡ
Ϸ·һˣѩѻķ˿
ֻգһۣյˡ

½תֻصμ
μп
ȥ⣬½ܲ˻𿻣ڹ֮ǰ±ǰ˵ϲ𿻣ԺĿ㱣ˡ
Ϸľ齴ö࣬ͷ໹ӻ߶౦ŴλãŸ

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Ĺճڣ
ȴˡ
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ǣױĶţһղ
½Ǹӱ˻ͷȥ۾
ãã۾

ⲻױһ
ǺѰµһ
ԭǸأȥˣ
½ˡ
۶ˡ






185.   185    

185 

½ȥ鷿
һֱ鷿Ҫʮ, ôԺȥˣԭڵŴǺٰšٷ˵Ĳţ½˵Ĳ, ܶ¶ˡ

½ޥ£ʱ纮˭ΣʱŲԷʱɥѶ
ʱ֪ģ½ЩϸͲˡһֱֻǿ鷿ٷ˵ԺӺͷԺ֪ܵ

½ȥƽ, һ£Ԫȥ, ׷׷
ȥԷ
ȥ¸, ȥݷ
Ҵȥˡ
½ɫȥ½˵Ժ
½ȻѾ, ԺӼһôˣ

Щݴ͸죬⡣½ż˵, Ժܣ䲻½֪, ⻰ѿڶ
½ȥ
ʮƽˣ벻˵֡

Щ, ֻϻģֲֻĹ, Ժ̫Ҫš
ЩҲԼǸˣ浽˼ѩһĹӸǰʱ·𱻴ԭ, ˵һ䡰ū澡ǹӱĿͶϥһ, ͹ˣū֪ˣˡʵڷһֱܲš˷ˣԺӵ˶Ҫү𷣣ū澲ſڲԡ

ᵽ½ˣ½ĿԺɨ
ҲǲϤס
½Ŀӱ

ûHӣߵǰ棬̨ףȴˡ
վſڣӣ˯ˣĪ
½ͷ᷿˵
ţȥ᷿Թڵϣ᷿ŹˣŴҴѾͷȥϽүȥˡ

᷿½ʣĸô£
Ĺȣ˼ʳûв
½ʣΣ
һλĴ򡣡

½ʣΪβҳ򣿡
ֹǴҲǹˡӣ뱻֪
½ʣô˵
ŭעϢ

½ͷʣޥҵһλΪҲҳ򣿡
费׵ҹǸʱ򳣴ڿǡ
ôôɡ½򴽡
ԺѾͷôȫˣڵʡ
费ף˵ԵʣүǨŭǶˡҲ£ֻչ˷ˡڹ¡

½Ǵ۾ȫH
Hӣĸ׵ߡĸֻܲˡ
ȥǰ½ҵĴΣת

½Ѿͷֻ֪ˣҵĻ㡣
ôҲǲֹ̽ĸ׵ģָֻǼŻ飬¶š

½ƽۡ
ƽ۽ǶǺģȻǿ޹ˡ
Ԫڿˣ׷ˡ
ͷѹƽ˵

Ϊūͣ
Լûɣĺӣĸ׸дʱʼѾ˼ҵĲƲˡ
ת˷롢𣬶һһˣ˵ġ
Թ

½һۡ
ƽ۵ԷˮظǸˮׯӣΪŸٷġٷȻ˳ӸسѾˣû뵽򣬱ȥˡ
ƽ۵ѾӣڼҵȺӡ
½ͷ

ڶգ½ƽۺԺȥ½˵Ժ
˼Сˣ㶼Ծ
ǰЦôǴˣǷ˵Ժ
½

һ
Ѿ󲽹ȥһסӾ
Ӵ󺧣Ҫкƽ׼ѾһŲס
ùӽ½ˣֽСһൽȥˡ

ѾǺȻͷ˵
½ƽԺ˵㡣˸˾ְչҺĸס
Ѿһǡ
Ŵ򿪣վڽϡ
½ȥĸ밲

òãԸκˡ
½ĸ泯ԵıӰûֻü򵥱ࡣ
ĿͶҵĴϡ
ãת
Ҳ˽תؾǣĪҪڴ˵صʱ䡣
½Ĭãǡ

½⼸ݸ¼٣Ͳ뿪
ԾҵѺȥˣ
ǡ˵ð˹ӣձ㱻ˡԺˣֻġ

½ñתȦӣӣ
½ңڵң
˲ҽӻүңѵӶЩ˾ͲһĴˣ
ҪҪɱһ仰¡ĸˡ

ֻӲϷõ£䵽ȥ
½ȥİ׷
˶٣ָı⡣
½ȥˣŪҲ¶ǰĴԹⲻ˵
Ŀڵȥӣˡ
㽻һ

˶ͷ΢ȥˡ
½һ󣬷
Ҳһѣǲ¡ߵһ½Ѿںһһˡ
ֻ֣ѩԽԽѹĸо̫
ģʧظС

½ȥݷ˳
ȹϲڰ˳䡣
û뵽㾹̾
½׾ֵ֣֮ʱڣ
ǣͨص˵ҵذȥǱߴЩŻһȥΪʱñЩʳ˼ҸЩķӡֻķӣԼҲῪûá

ùԾֻҲҽ飬Ӹ֢ˡҵʱڣ޷ġ
½ͷԳӸĪ˵ޥǸŮӣһ׳Ҳ˵ûûˡϾ
ӷ纮ѡ֢֮˵ͨ
ֻĿڣͨ

Ŀڣ򳣴ǡ
Ҫȥһ˺ҽݡʱ׾纮ȴλεģȥʡ
ȴȥˣѾڿˡ

½Ŀ
̾ϺҽǿԵģֻǸĹǷ˺ܶծҽͰ첻ȥˡҽݷլ뿪ˡ
½Ⱦīĺڡ

½ȥ˱Է
سǣʱ춼Ѿˡ
Էֻ˿ԺӣǺġûϢʲôû׼Էû
½ȥ˾˵ޥԺӡ
ܿգҾ룬Ϊûˣɭɭġ
ﻹмֻޥ˵ǵʱæµģû˹ˡ
ģ

½ƿǣ涼Ƕװ
˷һڱǶᡣ
·Ѭ㣬һֱﲻ򿪣ϡŵ
ء

ϲأ쳤վãҲϲ
õ㶼ϵġѧĺģϵҲġ
ϵζϵζѾһģֱ˴ˡ

½ڱԷһҹڶսޥ˻ȥ
ҵĺ
ֻĶϤеĶˡ

ǰոġָѾͷǷ⣬ҵĴ֡
һֻϻӽ½ٷ㷿ֻ
½ʣôˣ
Ѿˣͨɩӵڡ

Ҫ˽ūͨŮ˻Լţū澵Ķ˷šҪҲϾһӵ
Ҳ֪ߵͲڣһֱڡֻʵ㱨

ǰޥˡǷˣҲޥԺӣű˶ûе档
ޥ£Ѿͷǿο˵ģȥ
ҪΪӣຼ
ڣͷŸˡⶼǲصС£½ֻͷ֪ˡ

ƽۻȥ˷Ժǵ˻ؾǶȥ
ܸȥһžֻۣüˡ
ѹҪǹͺˣԪǻͲᱻˡ
ֻ룬Ԫǻڣӻֻ᲻ٷ˹Ǩŭǣ԰ǷЩ˲񣬻˵ˡ
˭֪ء飬Զò𰸡
лӡ

½¼ҵ£ǿɼˣ
Ŭƽˣױ㣬ҲҺġүԹױٷǰ¡ûټС½˵үȥˡ

½ͷ£ʸ¼д˷ţ԰ʺ򡣽ƽȥ˹䡣
ǣŭ[[ȥϷ½밲½˴ϴɴ׵ᣣԼӰ
½û¶ֻЭ[[˴˵ܵͣ૵أҲ֪˵Щʲô

½ԺȲ裬ˣĸ岻ãš
½ͷضȥţ
½յΪݸġûأЩȥ
½

ĺڣк⣬
ĿǶӿ׵Ŀ⣬½֪Ϊʲô;ñ
Σһڣ̧ۣǶӵĿѾƿ
һ

½ʣʲôʱߣ
½ӴѾʰã̡
½˵ȥϭ[[
½á

½ǣ˭[[طߵ·ʣ۲ۣ
Ů
·жۣ[[Ȼۡ[[ϲ
Ȼǲ׵ˣ㱻ܼǵñױĸоúȡ

Ҳúȣí[[һְȫĸо
ס˵°͸ϣ
źݡ
ݺݡ

գ½Яŭ[[ȥ½˽
½˻Ǵӡ
½˼ĸףһ
½˵Ǹӣ粻
ֵ߰ɡú٣ѧ游Ч͢

½½ޥĶڴˣլӣǽ׵ΣҲҪ
½ֻϽ̴Ӧã֪㰮ޣ
½ŭ[[ڴǰ˸ͷ
[[½ţһͷ뿪˿⸮ȥ

䶨½˵յûˣҲ衣
½Ų߽
ˡһ
ŵӣɿ죺㿴áһ˶úõġѭ[[ŪˣҲԷ˰ɣ붫ˡԺúùӡ

½˲Ӧֻ˸泯
½ҡҡͷû߽ӡ
ŮǲѣҲȥǸӡ
һ˦뿪ˡ






186.   186    Ѩ

186 

Ǹڡ
û, µӡȡСȡֽˡǻʵ۴͸Ŵʾ
ʹͣԺĸϴٲˡ

죬ҶԷ, ͻ
μӵ佫ѫӶ࣬ҲĳԭҲǾա
Ǵʰ쵵ĻӵŻʵۺ͹, ͤп֡Сһ嶾£ɵǰ, Իʵ˵¿׼ʹûҪ³ˡ

ʵЦ³͸ΣҪҵ, ͢ź򡣡
СЦ÷ǧź򳯳ģҾ˰ɡ
Фһ, ǶĸͷܲΡ
ʵ˵á
׷ע, ľ
СÿȴǾ, ӣŮͨԵԡ
ǧ³ˡ

䣬, ˾൱ʼңָ֧, Ȳͺȵʵӻţһɽյϲա
̭, ʣһˡ
˿ˣ̲סЦˣ

С⾺, Եˣ䰲ӡС£ǽ֪
Сϣü㲻ҡ
䰲ӵȻ

һ죬˴
䰲һֻ««ѿɳһֻӡСŷһֻӡ
䰲һֻСҲһֻ
䰲Ź׼֧«ʱСȴתһЦ
Ҫ˵ķģ⾩ûʤԺġ
䰲һƫˡ
Сһк«ŷ˵ֻӡ

ʱ֮ʢУΪ£ΪСˣôһ֣ʱЦ
䰲סۡ
ʵЦֱȡ
СҪͺͲͷʵֵʤ֮䣡
Сֱ׳ʮƻ˼ء
޲Ц

ФʣأҲ³𣿡
С̧һ£ϲأһˡ
˶ȥ

ϷŷɵЩӡ
Źֻ«ֱӽ˵ڶ䡣
ɴϵĽ⣬/һƥ̤ѩĴǻʵմ͡
Ϸ֣ҲûЦݣӲʵһ˵ЦĪ͵ȥ

ۼĿȥ
ֻУȴ˵ļȽ׼Ǹ«£öԷļ˿ա
һʱȲ

ФǶҪǵǣ²սһ
ʵ۵ɲǡҴǰϧ
ע㵽ߡʵ΢Цϧ
ʵߴӵĶǽ̽⻰ܿΪ֪
ʵ۶Իĳţǲ꾰˳֮ţ

ܿŲϵعˣʵ۴²ʱҡĲл˶
﹬ڳͳһ嶾ؽգҲ⡣ֻɫһСרɫһĺɫ
ʹͣȻڻʵ߰ݡ

Фôõӣز˷¶档
Ф˻ʵģʵҲбȥ
治ɫСطˣһӦ˴棬ϲڼ
Фǿϧ񾩳Ǵ뿴ˣһˣһ½̽ƫ춼
ʵɡ

ֻʵ֪·ܴǲ¶棬߲Ը¶档½ʢգ½ò˰¿̽߰ݣеź
ںܿĳǿʼīӺʫˡʵ۵עת˹ȥ
ĸӡ

ӣ̫֣ޥûгš
СһͽȥˣŻأо
ȴȸǱߵŸ뻹ûе߷Ÿȥˡ
ͨǱµ׷߳һյġ
ޥ΢ȴ赭дŶ
·ûʲô˵ӡ
ͷ

Ÿ죬ڳյ˾ǡ
͵չ˿üֳ˼һ̧ȥϷ
ޥѾͷ˵µ£Ѿͷ£űˡ
½ûʲô£塣˶٣ֻЩ½

˵꣬ؿޥһ˲
ĸ޻̣еԡ
Ѿɾֽݹȥ
ޥӹչɿһ顣

ĳգйеӣҡеʰӣ˳һ֣ȣͬˡ
˵½ǰĶõģͷиӵСһնģȴн跢֣ŵĳ꣬ӵײ㾹һСһȦġ
ŭǳˣǹӵĵŮΨһĺӣ˭ǵĵӣ
Էûָֻ½ﻻ˵һȵ

ոտʱʵʮ˼ңЩС¡ôءܾǸ˰ƽϵʧ
ֻղƬ̣Žűġ½ޥر㶮ˡ
ĸۡĸ˸ԴγŪޥõĶ˵ޥǰ֪ˣ˱إһƤ

˲̡ǱլΧǽķգÿľЩС¡
ο⣬ԺһӸŹǹǼȫϵڹϡ
½ĸסȥˣĸĹ¡ӣұǸС£ȴǸΣյĿˡǾ·͵ģֱˡ

ޥüۡ
ޥһ飬ϸһ飬ֽپ
Ƭ̧̣ͷԻ΢΢һЦûʲôġˣͶ˼ңƼҷЩܻᱻ۸

[[裬Һš½һġʮֳɫܸɣլܻס[[ġġ
ģ
˭ģ
Ůίȴοģ
ޥ㲻ˡֵδҾö½
ޥͷȥű𴦡

ˣ˵һἰ½[֮һζû
ԵȻķĸȴ·ϲһѪŮƵġ
ǰû¶˼½[ģ

ˣ֪½[жҪ
̫Ҫˣ̫ԵΨ¶һ˿Ů˼֣᲻ܲˣΪ½[ҲŪ

ຼ½ϵŮʲôݣ
һˣºгƩ½ҲֻƷһ壬ġˡɣֻһ˵ǰƷȵĸߵ͡
ຼ½ϣǸ֮Ԫ֮ײɳҲڴǹٲȨƵķǡ
½һ˶䵥½ƣȴһʿ̽
ͬ½ϣɣͷãֻһ֮ң½[Ĳ游
½[ӵǻѡ

ޥ½[ģڻǰڲֱֿ֣¶ݣСǰ¶
һĸ׿Լȴ½[һ覴á
½[ݡ
ķĸȻҪļˣ½[--ʮ»̥ѪĺӣޥѨ






187.   187    

187 

, ҿġ
ޥͷת
ûв㡣˵෴ǡ֪Һ, ̫á
Բܲ˵أȫˡ
ǡˡȴޥˡ

߹ȥԣ˾´Ҳ, ½ϸ߱ôҪȻҶż, õϢݡ
ޥûشȴչֽ˿

, ֻͨԺ˺ͳ֪˵
ӣҵǳ˸ɵģٷȥ½, ۸[[С͵͵ķԻһһȵӣ, ȥֺ½鷿Ѿͷȥˡ
ʹˣû˳衣ͷʢ½鷿Ѿͷǡ
Ƽҵʱ, ǱͷʹһȺˡ

˽ҵԺӣûһ߭[[ޥߡԺˣ
תͷ˭
ϣ½衣

ҵġ
ޥԾС½, ӣôᡭ
˶ѱ, ûУ/ѱɡǹԹΪ¡, ԺĹֶΰˡ

ԭˡޥϸǹдģ
ǡܱ¶, ᵽԼʱҲҪõߵĿǡ
˶٣ȥˡ
ޥţˡ
ǾֽĩīɫǰҪһЩǺȥġд¶ɵⱼɥ½[ױѾˡ

¼ңһޥտڲ̸Ļ⡣
̸ԭǴڳ׺̸ġ
ʹȥ֪ͨ¼Ұɡ

ޥȴ˵
Ĭã¶˾ġ
ϵˣ綼Ѿˡɡ
Ƣã֪ˣҪ½ġ
ʱ򣬲ֹй¶ҭ[[Դ

ѡ
Ժ½ң˭[[ҲҪ֪ˡ
½ٷޥѾˣ㲻ٴڡ

Բ½ңߵһɷ򡢶ĸѾ御
ǶĺãҸͿ֣飬񶼳ˡ
Ѿˡ½ٷˡ
ȻˣޥﲻԴҶá

ĸ硣ޥŻԺֻǻˡ
ĶͷڻҶԲס㡣
ޥҲǷġ
ڻУͷҲûԵʲôܸ㣬ֻһˣʲôʲô

ۡޥССĸ̾ǿˡ
˭ʲô͸ʲôء½ˡ½һӵмü˶ܡ
ÿ˶ԼĿסˣֻڱ涨Ĺ֮¡

СʱӲЩҺòĸˣΪʲôĸƾӹ֮󣬻סȵؾԭЩȺˡ̫ɵ̫˵
ˡ
ȻǶ״Ԫ˹ƿΪĸվ䣬ΪĹסݲѳ˵ģҲݲòТˡ
;䲻ܡ

Ǹԭ·ҵ壬ݶѡ˵þ̣Ϊ覴ΪСʷԷŲࡣ
ֻҪɵѡԭ¡
ĥʮʮĸˣɵҲɵˡ

ɵԭС
Ϊ⻰ӵĽ֣Ȱ˴ȣȰơ
ȴԭڽ㣬ʱƣܺ

Ҽ˵ڣ
ڸڸ⣬ǡʲô£ҵš
ޥ΢΢һЦáұıûУᴳ
ǳһĨԸܴܣûҶ²סĿסĻ¡

ޣ䵽̤ϡ
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ޥҲʥˣ⶯顣
ʧ֮ʣڡ

ޥҿ㡣ҧĶ˵
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ĿڷĲѹסĽף˴ߣ򿪡
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̧ͷָĨĨǣ

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ʽǽߣǧħһ޷Խ

ޥƽ˻Ҫġ
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ڲϵ̽У̽ױ˴˵Ҫ͵ߡ

ӵ˯ȥ
ޥеǶ˻ᵽϵ㡣
ķķϲ㵭塣˵ŷϾ֮
ģס

ޥûоûϵġ
϶ѬѾܶˣƤϢѾںϣҲֲƵġ
ޥΪϢΧ˯óˡ

½ûǣ½ȵ˾½ɸϡ
½ɿڣŸ½˽ʿڵĽдġ
˵½̽£ʽ֪ͨ½½򲡹
ɥĸŮΪ岻Ȣ֮סŮ˽Բޡڿ⣬޳Ī֣أֳ

߳岻Ȣ
ûĸ׵ĳŮ˽Ϊ岻Ȣ֮ס
Ϊ⺢ӽĻ䣬ĸվຼݼҴСԽǸã

½ֻ΢΢һЦӵԶŷѧʿѹ¸ǰɥ٣ֻΪɥ϶벻·ϸУҪҰż
ӽӹ˿˵Ҳеġ

Ȼ½ɲΪȻ
ָժû˵£ȻеݡˣɣԼ

ȫȨ𣿡½ɷϸ˶ֻھǽˣ
һء½ɵ֮ǰףҲ̫ˡ
½ɷȴûϱֻͨţʮТ˳ãϱ˵ĸŮʮá
˵Ľ

Ů˳ǣǰദϱӡ
ܱ˴ãʵ¡
˼ҸһЩŮ˵ûôء
˲֪Ůլȴ˵˼ңͷʶ̡

½ɵͷ㡣
½ɷһЦͷüɡ
԰һ򡣡
Բ˵ˣԼ¿̽绪ʢ
ɥһ糤ͼ䳤ֻڹޣҵСȴˣֻҪޡ
½æ⼸С
Ȼ֪˵½ɷ˴ͷֻǲü޵˿϶Ǽ

ʱ½ͭ[[ڷ̵·ϡ
ҵĸ½ˣ⼸˯̤ʵ
½·϶˯ãҲǡȵ˼Ҿͺˡ
ֽ[[˵˽벻밢ţ

[[˵롣
½Ժÿ¶дźòá
[[˵á

[[˵Ҳ밢
½˶٣ʣΪʲô
ŽҲҪ룬ֻŵ밢ԶԶġ[[˵˵ɴ֣С˯μˣ¡

½ŮȻ
Ůýġ
¡˵ŵԶԶġ





188.   188    ؾ

188 

˼, Ժٴյ˿˾´ű
һۣȥޥ½ˡ
ޥһӹ˺ü顣

ֻҵһֱѲ˾´, »˾´Χ˹۲쵽½˳УĶ࣬һ, ½ȥ
½Ҫעˡ˾´æϻ㱨

Ϊʲôѭ[[ޥű
ޥ뷨š, [[Ȼ½Խġʵϣ½ҵʱ, ʵϽ[[ģ½ˡ
ޥ, ½˲ʸ񣬻һǻŮ顣
ૣ, ô𣿡

񣬶е·ޥӴ˲
ޥ½ֱʡ
ϵظԼ˼, һûа취ġ
ָĸ½ˡ

һֱԴ˲ÿɷվ֪·ʱ½˵һʲô̬ȡ
ޥ, Ѿȥ֪ˡ
һ룬ԵĻ, ԶҪٸ½档
Щ£ȥƣû˺

ҵűἰ½, 㱨ޥġȥ½һֱڵ塣ִҶףʵĹȲ˼ʳ, ûо
ʵûвġ
Ϊʲô½ѭ[[ߣ½ôã

±زġֻ½Լ
ǡí[[Զ½ĵ
ޥҲí[[½߳õǣ½ܴŭ[[һȥ½ߣһԶ½
Ȼǲܡ

ϣֻ˿Իӻ䣬ӣԶΡ
ûɷڵ£Զɷ
½һ죬½˱һ졣

ޥֽţճȭ
Ժ[[ھǣܶࡣ
Ѿޥŵû½[ޥҡǲǿԿ
ĵء
һлġ

ʵ˭֪ʲôᡣǻҲûȥһԱҵŮŵ¡
ֻô˵ϣ
ϣʱ۾ͻй⡣
ޥ۾Ȼ˹⡣

½˾ǡ
Ǿǡ[[лʵۡǣڸ٣Գʥա
[[ۻΡĳǽСſôˡ
ߡ½ǻؼҡ

һȥ˲࣬ˣȴ˲ˡ
˭[[ߵˣ鷿ͼõѾͷҵĺˡʱ̫ٽ䣬ڿ꣬Ժٽӵȥ
˭֪ϱһҧһҪߡҲû취

½صլٺ˭[[ȥ½ɼҡ
½½鶼𣿡
ˡ
ɼ
ûС½ȥ̫Ѿͻຼֻ˼

½½ޡ
½׺ܺãĸĹȣ˼ʳڵŮ꣬Ƥʱ򣬲ĸףҽˡ
½΢⣬룬͵ɡ

һƬȰ֮ģ[[л½ֻҲ۲ĸ⺢Ӳʧĸףֵİطֻɲ뽫Լߡ
½ɵͷȥԺٰɡ㲻ڣ»㡣
½á

½ɿ˿飬üۼʮƽ
ӣŵ˻üӡȡ½ţ㻹·ϵʱ㸸׸ţ㿴
½չĿɨһ飬ϡ

㸸˵Ķ½ɵ϶һҪȻ
û˵꣬½á
½ɴ˸һȰҵĻȻֹȻ

ɥС½̽
ȶסһ꣬Т顣
£۲ˡ

һգٻصУ½ȥ˿[[񻹺ã˵˻
ɫҲûдЪϢص鷿ƽȡ˲ҡ
񾩳½ӻûȫ޵˷ԭ˵Ҳڿ½˷ͳһŵģһأˡ

һĻ˽
˲ᣬԼĿǰʲ״һ˵ס
ӲҪ׷šտʼھðЩӡòףżաҵĹ¶ԾϤǰæ
ƽ۵ǡ

½ЩСӺСѾͷʺõģȱġ
ƽȻҪˣҪ𣿡
Ͷ࣬ܡÿЩųȥһЩ˼ûв¡
Ҫ֪½ҪˣŰѼСӡѾͷͽ
ء½ھǲ򼴿ɡϱǸܸɵģ꺢ӣ
ƽ۲ٶʣֻӦǡ

½Ъ鷿
ƽ˳ȥʣû˰ɣ
ûˡƽ۵Ъˡ
ƽһסĵطߡֻһΣоԣͷһƽϴһء

أ߿㡣
ƽ̧ͷ˼Щ㱡
ôˣ
ƽ۵ͷԪ
ʱ˵ֻ̾˿

ƽ۲˵ֻĬĬһߡ
ҹɫŨڣĹޣоʱ򣬱ùӰ㿡
ƽۺȻӣү}ûš
أ}ʲô}

ΪԪЩ͵͵޹ٴΡֻҪ޹Ƿۣкۼǿó
ǡƽૣӣǸʲôأ
û壺ôˣ

ƽ۲˵
ֻͣŨŨҹɫ
Ϊˣû˱
ӣֱգδΪٷһᡣ
ҹɨ󾱣ƽһƤ

գ½ȥԺ١
һ·˶顣
Իˣ
ˣ
ڰ˳䡣

Ժķѧʿ⣺ôͻˣ
һ¡Ϊﵿޣǻһ¡
ꡣ½񣬡ûؾͻˡ

ˮѧʿͷȥѼ˾С£Ϣһաȥֵ
ڹֵźõİΡ뿪һ²Żȴվȥ
½һҾлʦ

ȥҹܿڵ˼ٳԺУԺǽһἰ֡
ȥǰҲ̫ƫˡ
ǲȻ¶绹ˣѧʿܿ¸ǰͣ
˱ˡ
ǵȻ㿴½ֱˡ˵ǰͷǵȢģɺãŵ̽˱ûˡ
˶Ц
٣ƣ

ٷš
ô׵Ըϵ֣µ򣬶
½ǽӰվá

صң[[Ѿ׼ˣ͵ˡ
ߣǣ˭[[֣ȥ㲮ĸ
һ˳š

ֶ棬۵Ѿϵȵڡ
΢΢ƿһ˫۾ĵءңңضǱ½ǣеĺӣ̰᲻գۡ
겻Ǻӳһء
ƽغĸһޥᣬɿַӡ






189.   189    

189 

ޥ˽
ҿˣ˵
ǿװ, ѹԼһ

ϣڻ, ͦãҲǵҡúó󣬺úó޾С
Ů, ʮ꣬ԺһӶڷҡԷ, ҵء
ĳϵأ˹ޡ

ڻŵʱ, ṩ֧֣һŵƥ, Ǽױ񱡣ֵܳ
, ޥһ

ڶ빬Ҳ̸С½̽
Цˡ
Цˡ

ټ½Ҳͷѧʿһôͻˡ
¶ˡԸ, ͽ棬ˡ½
޿ã½һ, ҪˡҵֶŮ֪С½̽ɥ, ͿʼڣͷöܵǰԹ
Թ, ȻϣʲֱܸӸý

ӲǼūūԱָ, ʿˣʵ۶ܸý󲿷£ֻҪ̫ףһ㳼ҲᲵ˻ʵӡ
˫̸ˣʵٲһͻ顱ּ⣬͸
ֻūǲеġ

͵ۿ½
½ڰʣüרע
ȥһˣȷЩطòһˡʵ룬أ
ŶûЦˡ
Цֶһʱ¶üңġ
ûˡ

ֶŮ¡
ǹǲˡֶŮֻǸԿǡ
һЩ£ȲϢļ϶ʵ̽Ȱ¼ѾãҲʰ顣ҷ·ǵ㻹һŮΪźӣҲÿҡ

ǡ½࿴ȶףҳТͿ顣
ЩһڲǺš
Լżˣû뵽˱ż
ȥ½űɥ˵ҡˣڻʵǰһ¡һʫᡣ
ʵӣһ䣬Ÿжһ£½Ĳ飬ʫʹǧˡ

ۿȥ½һ˫ӳ̶ֻӭӻ
û飬ضܣǶԵ顣
ԵֱֱôΡ

ʣȢҪʲôģ
½֮ܵġ
ס
ã̾Ϣһ
ԭֶŮҲˡͻʵ۸ãСݵ޷죬ȻǸ֮ܵŮӡ

ţִ߱ˡ½
ۺһҲǲ
ǾǶѡ⡣½ʣҪʲôĻʺأ
޷һˡµĵͨġ۵ҲҪܳŵ¡ŷڵ˰ˡ

ڷϺ֮ǰʺ֮ġֻˣƼŮӣʹȥˣûرġ

òһ͵¡
ʱܼǵãֹҵӣһ֮ĸ
ܺͱŮһĸµȡ
ˣӡ

һ䡰ܺͱŮһ½ףʵ۸ҪһӼ˻ʺҪʵֻǻʺ
¹ŮƼĵطŮɿƥ䡣
Ȼã䲻ˣȴ˵׻

½ǳ˵ʵˣ
۵˵ɣʵ
½ȨģߣŮӣҲѲ֡ҪģȥԶ

۳ĬƬ̣
½ȺδǣھԢӣĸо£𴦣ʧҲءһЩطϵļ嵭Щ
ʵ۵û浭

ȻûУиߵ֮֡½浭ѳģҲҲã֮ҰײŸáֻڹ˽ѡ
۵游Ҳǵ֮ˡ

½ȴ游ҲЧ򹫣ϲ浭ϵ䲻ˣɽԺʿ֮ס֮֮ӹɡ
½˵֮򹫣Ǿ˳سھ˳ƣˣ˾רĴ洫ɽԺ
ʮȥԺɽԺΪסɽԺ£Ǵʿ䡣

۵ǽ顭
½λְС˵ֲ顣ûн顣
ף˼

ǰĹ£ʵҲϢƬ̣ȥ棬С˵
ʵۿǾͷ˵ʲôأ
¡СЦҸ˵С½̽ء
ʵۣࡡ
ǸҶ̸ǲҪҡ

ʵ룬ûɣ½¶Ѿճ
϶Ҫģôءʵ۰
Сȥʵ
ǣᣬǰ;ãܲõãŮ˫ȫǡ
ʵȻͷɲ

ҵŮҲҪ
ʵʣһ
һ
ǡʵ۵ʺˡ

Էʺ֮Ϊº֮£ϵ̨ĸҡϵѾϾܾˡԶȥѡ
ֻʵһֱϵͷ
ʵ۶Щѡ

ʵ۳ԹϵĿһһһġ
ֻЩŮӸ߱еεΣ´£вĵط
ҵŮ֮ǰǲģ֪Ŵ󷽣˭֪Ҫ½ԡһֻ֪鰮СŮӡ
һ̽ǹ𣬡񾩳ǹУ仰

ʵ۳Ƭ̣ȥ飬ɽԺң֧пͺʵŮ
΢⣬ʣǴԵ⣬ˣ
ʵ۵ѵңҲҿ۵ˡ
ʣ˭ôĵӣĽ顣
ǣ뾩Ȩ󻢿ڶʳ

ʵһ¡
СһЦ


ˡʵЦ½ԡ
ٳǵѪųɡҪȻһ̥ž͹ˡ
һЦС½̽Ÿ߰˶ֱɣº˵Ǹ
ʵ۵ڱðЦˡ

СҲأЦ˺üˡ
ʵǰմգ˵˺ܰȥҪȥƥԭǸʲôʱФ뿴

ʲôФ뿴뿴ˡˡ
ӣһСżһ߸첲齼ǰ㣬۾Ź⡣
ʵǸĻʵۣ¶ֻ֮࣬˽̫顣

Ժ°񣺡ФΪͣǲҪˡҲССֻڹʧڹˣˡɽԺ£ȥţһ𸴡ȸˡ
ˡ
ʵۣ

СūҲءһˣЦˡ
ǰǰɡʵ۵ԴףͰЦˡ
ֻŮʵϴ˿
ÿ峿һƥѩ׵ĴһӺ̴ȥ޷꣬жϡ
ֻǴ£˿òǶ˶Ҫ

صУϼһ÷Сһ
ôˣ
Сû¡
ޥ΢΢һЦˣСӣҲСӲ˲ˡ
Сڳˡ

ȥʣֳʲô衣
ޥûʲô
ʣôˣ
ޥûô
ձһ䡣ޥ˹صˡ






190.   190    ů

190 

ҵүǶǺ, ϵ鷿
ؾʹȥˡૡ
һʺɸȥͲʵģɸȥŮ, ʣµмһ顢ѧүŮƷƱˡ㼯֮Ϻλ

ʵֻǡ㡱ѣүĿ, Լ뵱ɾһ֮ңˡ
˭֪һ˷ɵŮԼС½֮̽, ʧķˡڵǰԵ
֪İŵġ֮ǰúõģʮֹ˳ؽˡ
ⶼǡɫˣɫˣ

үǲķܲ취
취, żƽӹ㵹˵˵ʲô취
ү˵, ˵ҥ
͵һЦҥʲô˴ȥģ

үס
ϵΪ¶º޷ӦǸʲôΪԺǸٺ»ģΪʲô˴ӹǴϢ

⺢ӣ⺢ӣү޽, ֻԹŮ¡
ˣ, ҺھͷˡϲҲޣңҪ³˲ŷ, ֪ͰǼϵȥˡ
ү֪ϣȻ

½ԡź, 䣬游Ҳͬšҵʦķʦ, ͬڷ踮٣ΪͶѾ, ȴӡȥ԰ҲĽ
ү룬Һûȥ

ϻ˵½游ͨš
ʳԣγɿա׳־磬ȥ١һ̣ʫ´Ҵҡ
궼׳־κδ
½̽ԸӭȨˣǹٹ˹һ̡
ԼӬӪ˽ա֮࣬ԼȴѾӡ
񿴣С½̽ģǵǡ

ӻֵĶӲôӹӹµµӣķɡָߵ½½ԡ
ȥɣຼ½Ҳŵԣ½ƷɳɲŮòȺһֻһ£ýȥ½̽̽ڷ硣
үͷɥǡ

գСݡ
ɫ̫ÿ·Ҳ̫Ծ۷ˡ
ôˣ̲סʡ
СĥƤˡ
֣ûɣ
Сڼĥġ

۸֣һֱôƴ
СȻΪ˱Ч͢ұ¡
۳ĬһһѼҹȥ˵˻
Сסˣǲ˵ʵƣҾڷܣϹ

Сȴ֪ģ£Сǹȭš䶼ķˣֻʣ仹ǿˣ
С߳ŭԴ˵ˣһֻ䲻ش졣

СǸ˸ٶЩ˼򵥵ˡ
ǴۣСϲ˵
ɡ

ˣСõúỨ۱ţ°͸鵽ί
οתͷʣķô𣿡
СҲûţаɣ֮ŮܵˢӣҪȻô˵ԼǾǲǡ

֪Сֵģˣ־οҴܾ˼ңŮôǿ
ʣôûȥˣ
ǡСЦġ
ְֵؽְ̣žַ
ȵһٱ
ߣ

Ȼޥ
ˣҪó硣
Ƕһ㵽һȦѰƫƧ˵ĵط䡣
һС˵ޥһְֵؽޥ
ѧúܿ졣

ޥʵСʱҲѧġֻòˡ
䡣
ڵٶȣӮСָտɴ
ġ

ޥһЦ˹Ҫ̤ѩеסˡ
˱һ˽ӽŵĵط·˶ײӣԺۣޥǻԼ

ʱ磬ҲǸ߷ڡſų顣
ûܲƣ˳ڳԸŻǰߡ
ޥһȻŶӣһӺ˹˶׷ױáֻ̫࣬һҲŻٶȡ

ӽţޥȻһһ¡
һŻǵĶȥˡǱߵ˶ʱ
Ծۼ˼긾ˣǶƷĹԱ֮ޡΣƷڵطҲǸˣһ겻̵֪ӡֻھ׻˵ǲ֪С
ܾһģɷĹβ࣬ҾҲ࣬ʲô֮ҳġھ۰֮ؿһٺ»Ͱ͹ӵˡ

ȲʲôŴ󻧣ֲǹС㡢ϱ˶ûдñ
һӺһɫµĴߵļ˵
ǻ˰ɣ
ôˣ
ǳ˭ѽ
ǡǣ

ֻһԲʲôҲû˵ȴġ
ýԲ˴кηˡ
ǶȻ׷׿мηˡ
Բԭǵޥʱȫ˵ληˡ

η˸ˡ
ޥʣǻس𣿡
ǡη˵ȥ˴ȶ²ΰݣջسǡ
ޥʾ⣺λˡ

ޥƷˣƷȸߡ
æ񣺡ˡ
һ̧ͷ㶼Ӳ
ޥתͷһԭǻˡҲǣվޥߡ

ǵηˣףηˣλ
Ǹ˵еˣֹСҹ䡣ǶӲظֻη˼ʱģá
ޥηǸմ
˶࣬һǰɡ

ʵ˵ɲأԸȡ
ֻ˵ˣ˭˵лضԼҳӳĶǣ˳˼ԺĶ飬ȨȽ˳ǡ

˳ǣޥη˵˱ηл
ֻޥԭ͸ôҸظҵģȴ־һͬһȥμң׷ηؾʶ

ʶη˽ԼΪޥȫ˵¡
ʱԺɷŻˣǰº󣬶ûš
ǽ쾹ȻԺ˵˻Ҳһˣ˷ܵòˡ˵η˾Ȼμ˻Ļ񣬰಻סʹشǸӲ¶Ļˡ

ƽʱ˵ˣ˳л£ۼˡ
ˣҲ¹꣬ûôɳˣԺ˶ˣҲû˻ţֻһ˫ˮ۾
̫ϧˡ

ηֻǸˡ
ǵȻ̫ȢޣĸȢĲˡ
֪ǻ˵ʲôˡη˵۾ô֪Ҫ´ӣȥʣ
ң~

ֻ˵۾ͦģϧ޸ڹ١
أáˡʣھǣû˸áǵ̫ˣһСıȥ˵ڹ١

һǱ׷׶Ի˱̬ͬȡһһͬޥ
ǶĹٵķˣǽʿӡ
ʿụ̃ʿڵһλޥȻȨơƸϱȲȻԽС

ֻη룬
һƥǧ͵Ĵÿﵽ£㳣һ
ȻHЩ˵Ӱů֪ġ
òãҪԼòǡ˾õģ
ηޥкʱ۾οЦˡ






191.   191    

191 

ޥһ·û˵
˼, ʣôˣ
ޥʣǲǸη鷳ˣ
鷳ֻηѡǶңҲηԺ

ޥεԭֻǿ, ȥк
η˻ҪźܾõĶӣҲȷֱӴǡֻ濴˵ķӦʶʵԸͬС

ϲη, ҽ߶
ޥҺ, Ҳˣʲô˵ֻǼʶ, òкʧ񡣡

ޥһֱӦ꣬η˵ʱ, û룬ܵؾ͹ȥк
ηʵǳ˻ֵ֮, ھΨһһƵϡʶˡ
ȺУȻû취, ġ

˼գλݷޥ
ǰӵģޥڼдǡ
ҵͲ, Ҳࡪ˵ɷǵƷ̫ࡣ
֮㶨¹, ڹٹٲƷ˼ԺأԺᶽٰƷ
ڹ֮, ޥߡ

ݼˡǵֻһֱ¶棬ҲðȻͻ
ôͻȻءޥ֪
, һλǹ˳ԼǾŮһλȴŮ
ԭ˵ССΪԼҲģ˭֪˲ô¡

뿪֮˻صԼȵǣҳġ˺ܺãֻǸϵ
֣Ǹˣô̸ô򵥵£ôá
пԡ
ϲϵ£ǿġ

ǲǿ˼ˣУޥſڻʵıϣʡ
ûǿȡֻ¶ڷѡ
¶ڷҪԼ飬ֺȻץסᡣ
˵˱ޥͷҧһڣϲϵ£ǿȲġ

㲻ϲǣͲˡ
λ˶ޥֺõ̬ȣ֪ǵɷλڻ֮¡ޥûвϲֻ˺֮佲Ե
ȴףޥȴ˶½ٷˡ½ϴŮϤĽ̵ޥ̸ֹ˼룬ѱͬʿ֮ҵŮӡ
˳СС֮Ůأڡ
ֻڵˣޥѾǸȦˡǵڣܡ

ϣ΢
ޥһֱƫͷ飬ͷҧһڡ

ޥૣЩ

ޥָ⻮һһڼ׵ǣ˵ҪѴһӡ
۾
Ҳܻᡣ
ϾطʱŮ
룬콫Ƕ˰ųҲͦá

ޥȴһֱ۲Ż
ǵ˵Ƶġ
ſϣ۾üͷšжļпοĸо
Զûдﵽͷŵٽ㡣

ޥ֪ͷŵʱʲô״̬
ҶصĺƵطƺ֮ʧصûС
һֱûдﵽǸ㡣

ڴʼ䣬ʹ죬ޥҲϣܻ
Ϊ/޶꣬ĿһЩ˽ص߶ʵúܶࡣ֪Ҫб·ߡ
ֻԸ⡣
ʼߣһ

ޥ۾ѹڻϡ
ֻſӣŴƣƬ¼·˵С
һϷûչϲҹӵߣϲֱ˯ϲ峿ͿԽ§ľӡͷ

ĸ磬ޥղŻļΣ߽ô
ۣתͷޥȥοᴽ
ڻ˺ܾá
뿪ңڴݾૣҾͿ

ˣôᵣ뿪أ
ޥ벻ͨ
ȴӦޣû뿪뿪Ҳ֪Լȥ
ûȥġ

½
½Ůķ䣬еľᡣ
֪˭𣿡ʡ
[[ĿȥŮһ̴һ˳/ǹ⹴Ļ䡣


½ͷԸ˰⸱ڭ[[
[[ʣﻹ𣿡
½Ѿǹһᣬֵܸײٻˡ

ܱˡֻһӣһҪס
[[ף¶صͷ

½ǣסŮ֣ߣ鷿ȥ
ԭȥͼƻŵȭ[[꣬Ժˡ
˼ŮĸһǴСԼԺӣСԼĽ衢ѾͷСѾͷ롣

ֻȥûȵĸ͡ȥˡ
˾Ǻ˶Ժӣ᷿鷿
㹦ε˲١ĸ˵Ժ󣬵ɡ
[[ϲʶֻ½ˡԣϲѽ

ѮԺ˾һʱĵף棬ϸػ㱨ɽԺϵ֧Ů
ݱݽ˸˴ۡ
ϸ

˵ҵճŮĲҶ飬вţЩǮһʫܹҸŮͷһֻ֪֡Σ
ҲŮҲֻҴСâڣΪ֪޵ǲϲϲŮӡ

˵С½̽һδǺһ꣬ݷùɽԺԺɽŮйһ硣
ร۶ʱˣΣ
С½̽һģӮˣȴС㡣
ʵۻȻԭˣֲƼҡ

ֻŮ˲顭ʵ΢΢
֪ʵԥʲô
ʵۣǰֻǷӣڹȥûǴ󱦣ʵǸˣǳֵӡ
ѧʡͣί˵ƽƽɡ

ʵ֧УԲҴС빬ΪŮϰ̵һͬԹĿĿ
ʵ۵ãô졣

鷿ֵǡ½
½źܺãٵ
ʣǰŮ
½ҺӲֶŮһ顣ǰ굽ʱλӡСһ磬нҵŮ˼ҵģЩͬġ

ʣͬ
½Ƭ̣Ůӡ
ĸ֣Ʒ˺ܾá

صޥ½½ɷˣ½ﵽȶΪյҪҪȥ
ޥ⣺ǰ첻Ǹ߱У
ֲǿ⸮˾ˣҵĵ̡
ʱ֪[[ǱԶغ̫ˡ

ޥ̲ס룬½ǲѾ֪ھǣԲŽ½԰ѭ[[Ҳģ
㲻֪ڴ˵أ֪ƽ̤ʵ
ȥ
һ㣬ٽһ㣬ۿ

š
ޥϲñס
ЦڻС
Ƕ˱ᵽϵ㡣

壬ЩԶ
ܺš
ʣѬʲô㣿
ޥء

Ǻ֮ԭȫó
̨ݣҪϻʮҲ
Ժļõľ󰺹Ķޥϴ棬˴أ㡣
꣬ϰˡ




192.   192    ˽

192 

ȶʢ, ʮԼڡ
½صǱȥ¶ˣŵ¡ԭ[[ġи½ɷ, í[[λĸȥ

ڶգ½ǴСԺȥ½ֵһˡ
ɢֵ½ȥ½ɵĸС
鷿, ½ɸһʣ, īֽݹȥۼ׵, ѾɸһЩʵģ, 㿴

½ӹ
۾ɨȥһСڶһλ
½۾½
½½ɸշµı, ңԲմ
ֱӻȥ

ٿ, ѧʿŮѧʿϰãŮ£ν顣
½ѧʿʦ, ûҪٽס
ѧʿ֮Ůȥ

ʷδ֮Ů
½δӹڸң֪ͨҶ, Ҳܹ֮ͬ
μŮȥ

ʣǸ֮Ů
½߸ʬλزͣڸռλӰˡϸǿռŮ, ձδ˲һ

Ψһʣµģ֮Ů
½ʣŮһģ
½ɵ巿ĸûпϽʿ, Ծڹ٣ں¹Ҹְ

½游˽ʱຼѧڼɽ﷭Ĺ游š˹£ı֪Ȩ䣬ʱӰĴΣǳɫ֮ˣڵġ
ͷ̧㶩ҹɡ

ʲôʵм½ֶġԿǵѡУֶѡҲΪʵһ
½ɼֱ⼫ˡ
ֶֻϧûԼĶӡ
õܴСУû뵽ǿȥ

½ɱϸ˵ҹڼоţھǹвʫ㲮ĸѾŴ󷽣˳꾲ɿΪĸżǣá
½л۲ĸˡ

صԼУ½죬ƽۣǱ߻𣿡
ƽ۵ͷûС
½ĬƬ̣ص鷿ͯīдһţ¼Լ[[ǣϣ¼ң[[δļױ½гı赣ġ
¼ңݲϣš

Žƽۣȥ˹䡣
½Լ鷿
쳤ʱ⻨ïŮȴЦ֣鷿Ժž
Ƹ͵Уʱ⾲͡
¼£ȴԡ

½ɷ˺½[ȥȶ£һɾԺ½ɷ˾[[᷿
[[ñѩһ˶½ɷӶϱְŮǶϥǰʵ뽫[[ߡɷ˲֪½һʼˡ
źתһ룬½ȻѾТңֻҵʱ䣬Ҳȷںӡí[[½ţȼĸˣȼĸϤԼҡǿɸ˼ĸٻؼңĸϤԼˡ

ס֮󣬸ԺˣкԹԼҪ˼ߡ
½ɷʣ˭ôų
֪ءԷԹ๫ϹģǻȥҲ˵
Ȼ磬µ˼ס½Ǵߵ裺ȥ˭ңǷҪ߶

ȥ˻ǼԺķˡ
½ɷ˻Ȼֲ˰Ե
Ȩ繷ұߡĳĳķǣƷʷҸҸһܡ
ֻû˸ҸԺŸɡ
֮

Ժǹˡ
ֻҪԺ㣬һܰõ㡣참֤ݣȼˣٷ֤
ٵˣ˭ұ֤һ϶ûСĹץѱ˿ڳҺլǻҼɩ£һӵȫˡ

½ɷ̾Ǹˡ֪ˣкҲʣȥүȥͶɡ
ȥˣҲΪġֻи״ëɳʱУԲ߶˵˼¡

½ɷ˷˿á
ֲֵ˵Ǵ²¶
˵ֺ棬ѯʸ
˵ŵҲأֻԺжѾߣĸԺķӣ񾻹ġֻûгص裬Ҳûϱӡ

ϡ档½ɷ˵ϾǴǰûи˼ҡ
ϵͳļͣͺ鷿صĹżƽĺþơϯϳʵ˽ˡζص㷽һǻܳģǵ̡
ܵңֻʫ񴫼ҵңǹʱܺλŷҲǱܱȵ˵ġ

ľѬ˵Եʣһ½ɷ˾˯ø㣬ڼ˯Ļá
ҵŭ[[밲ʭ[[˯ÿɺá[[εˡ
½ɷ˾ȵô׻ˣ
[[˵ңһֱңҵֻ˵ȴŲ죬֪ô¡
½ɷοǽһء
[[˵á
ֵϵ㣬͵Ѭһ
ΪŸѾĸ׵ζֻǵø׵ζˡ
½ɷ˸ᣬ[[ͷ

ֻ½ɷ˲֪ǣҹ½ҰµԺк˴Ӹڡ룬ϸϸͭܽһ̴˸䡣е˯øˡ
һϸĺƿ᷿ţѾӶ˯ˣѲ
㾶ֱң˯еĭ[[¡
ǻޥ

õǼԺ䷽ĸ߼˯ߣڶ档ͨĽ㣬ͷʹѣŻġ
ԺҲ֪͵͵Ե˶鱨ţܲ˲

谵ܿ[[
ӱСʱһЩûôԲˣøÿˣĸס
ޥֻЦտա
һǺӵķ䡣

ʱ⸮õĴŶš
ҹиֵҹһ۸һ⿴ţҳȥ¡
һ֪ǳȥҷͷһ˵ֵֻˣԼȴǳֻˡ
ǸˣҲͳԤȲغõİֻռһƿСƣ̵س
ɾǸʱ

Ǵл׺衣ǸѾ̲նĵ
ţȴһѴӡɱصҲһѴӣҴ
¸£Ҫնˡ

۳ռԵվߵդߣ/ɶηһ
ڿмצȻˮ̫ԣҧżצһۣŭϲɨģ

Ǵߵĵط˸ػηѲӣ˵վҪ
ķߣһǽҪ֮£С۱ϵ۸Щɨ¶ܲ
˭Ƶˣأɨǣ㡣
۴ŭ˿һļצȥɨ㣬ηդģӺ۸ǲǣ

ɨդмȥɣȴץס۲Ϸ֣㱻ȥײդϣŭȥĴɶķˡ
Ȼ׽ס
ǯһ

ۺؾѣȴѾˡ
ǯס󳶣۳դϡһֻȴդ˳ȥӺ§ס۵ͷ
ǰһ

۲۶ϣקʬŵԿס
ѳţֵǽҵ͵Կס
ȥֽȰʣµļⶼ

۵ʬ塣
۲ܾˣ˵ֵϵǸһһҹҪջǰŻء
׽˼ڣҹɫѳη


ǣС
½ڹв档
йǲԼ¼¡ֻǰݣֺ½ʱ
ֻվͬڽУͬΧŻʵۣżǻ

һջʵ˵ֵĺʶԣֻûˡ
£šڵУֵĺѾˡ
쵱ֵ½

һۡ
½һ񣺡
ף֡
½߲ȥż

ڽУǵһΣ½֮
ıǶŵһϤĵ㡣
ס
ޥ֮ŵһˡ
ǰոʹޥϵƣǴء

½ǰľãû뵽ڵ⻹ܿԺ
סȥּģպҲõˡ
½һۣԭǶ³⡣

Ҳһۣ΢΢ףȻ߽
̫ˡ
һͿŴ֬˿һҲʵʲô¡
½סΣû㡣

ԺȻᣬʣ½ʮֺš֪ʲôʲôϣ
½Ǵأֻຼ½ϼҴġ
ҵ˵Ҵģǲ⴫˽֮
ζصѬ㣬Ҳһ˽Ҷصı־

ֶޣܺšÿ·
½и񣬴߹ȥˡ
ٴŵǹϤĵ㡣

ϣƤϣķ˿䡣
ԭ½Եζ





193.   193    ʽ

193 

һǵ졣
֪, صﻹһ䣺˻𣿡
˲죬ղŻ
ͷ

صŮǶ£߽˶С䡣
ޥĹ, 룬ȹ룬ҷ, һһӵġ

˼ӳڱǶᡣ
̺ʱ, ѾѬˣ, ½Եζ
ȹҲǣҷҲ, Ҳǡ
Ѭʱãһùһ, ͨе϶Ѭͬ㣬ͬʱòͬ㡣

ߵ, Ů˵·ˣ·𣿡
˵·Ҳµġ
ŮС
ûϹûѬġ
ŮС
ѬĶˡ
Ůϥǡ

ŮǽȥС, һ
ųţϺܶѡ
˵ˡʵҲµġ˵·̫, ¾Ͳˡ¹Ѭ㱸ģʵҲ¡
ֻ¡ºϻԽϴԽɵĴűµ, Ŵϴ

ŮҲ˵νġɡʰ, ٰ߸ŵһֻһֻ̧ƿǣǲóûӵģոµġ

վ￴ææµµƬȥ˾
ڰ֪Լ̰ġ
׿ڶ˵ģ½ûϵ߾С
ôͲ֪ء

̰ı˵ıԣֻҪţҪ࣬ôߡ
ͷڳرϣ۾
ôȫأ

յ꣬½ɷ˴ŭ[[ʰؾǡ
[[Լǣ֣߹˸ڵԺӣȴͷ˿Ǹһֱǡ
ҵĻͷһԺӴŵ̨վһñŮӣ߿

½ɷ˵Ҳչˣ˳ˡ
½ɷ˲ɫͷװ֪
ǶѾ߹ȥˣʱҪٵͷȥкԵġװûϽߵá

һ˼ӿ˽Ų
תʱ[[ֻͷһۡ
ǸŮӻվ̨ϣз紵ƿñĴɴ
[[

˳½ɷ˵Ǹñﻹ£Ȱ
ˣ½ɷŶȵҪԹ·ɳ»ĲͲҪˡ
[[Ļܿ

½뿪˴ȶ£ޥ˰ʱҲسǣǴ
ҵʱѾǰ߰գһɡ
ڼңʣ˳
ޥͷҵ˵ȶĺܺá

걼ݣʱݲƣжҲ˵ռˡ
½ޥؽݣҲûɡǵ꺢ӣڽġ
ֻ½ٷޥѾˡޥָĸ֮ѹһ֪Լš

Ƕû[[Щⲻطἰüۼ֪ˡ
ͷ
ޥ§§ᡣ
ȥϴɣˡ

ޥһۡ
ΪԼһ߰գ
϶Ϊ[[εĴȶ֮УŵġûԸ⣬ôܽӽ˭[[
϶Ϊüղɣͷ
˶Ƕ֪ʵжˡ

⼸ʵ㣬ޥ˸裬ɡ
´ޥע⵽µġȻϣϴ֮󣬻׷µģϲɵġ
Ȼš
زżղڼңѾͷǾ·ûѬ
յ˵˵ǡ

ղ֪ô£ϴϴʱľá
ϴ㴵˷е
ÿ߽ޥתͷ뿴Ѿ˴ͷĵơ

һºȥֻԼɫӰȥ¡
ϸխֱϼ¡״ԼԼʡ

ƽϲлޥΪղˡ
ϻҧ
ҧøأ
ޥļ΢΢ĸ磬ôˣ

û¡ںڰʣ𣿡
һ㡣ޥҿԡ


ҵʱ򣬻
ޥںڰʣ뿪𣿡
ޥţᰡ
ޥʣʲôˣ
ޥңૣҷ
ԡҲ

ޥһ
̫죬һ㱻סǯһ
һѾ

Ǽٷˡ
ʵ˺Ůˡ
пڿںͱڿڡ
ʱڣĸϵռŮ˵ʽ
ͨʽһ˵Ĵڣһ˵
߽ʲô˵ĴڣĨȥ

һϸߣɰ
ޥ۾ʶ
ͣ
ĺƽġ
ĺԽԽҡ
û
ſƻȥĶĵĦǶָ䣬ס֡

ޥ֪Ǽٵġģġ
ֻʱ˿̣ܵģȷǸˡ
ޥ͵͵ػ
ޥָʮָۡ

кڰֻܿ
ʮָۣƾĺж״̬
ͷܿɫӰӡ
·Լӵ壬һˡ

ãȻޥԭʼı
һθޥסҲ
һܸģҪӱ

ҹޥ֮ܲסˣˡ
ޥʧʶϤʲôͶˮ
ֻڻиο

ãޥһؿڣƵʣĸ磬ô£
ҲϲأԺˡ
ޥ»ģûѬ¡
ԭˡ

ɵӡ̾ϰ߰ˡ
ݺݵҧһڡ
Ц
ǱˡҾǲϲ

ޥãҺЩġ
Ҫ½ҵķӡ
ޥС
ҸѰķԣϲġ
ޥá

ֻĿϡ
ס֡
ڷ·ȱĸоУ䵽᾵ʵ

ޥƽ
ġ
ޥҪʲô
ҽվͺܿ

Ǻܿɡ
ĺʼƽġ
ޥǵ߽ˣȴûΪôԽܡ
Ҳ֪һ죬֪Ѿ·ٲܻͷҲͽˡ

ôأ
һ˶ԡ
ǰԡ

ʲôʱܽԼ
ޥϧ׻

޸ݣ½⡣
޸ݣ½⡣
޸ݣ½⡣
޸ݣ½⡣
޸ݣ½⡣
޸ݣ½⡣
޸ݣ½⡣
޸ݣ½⡣
޸ݣ½⡣
޸




194.   194    ʮ

194 

ɽɽԺ, ʵ۵ּˡ
ֻּǸӹ򣬻ʵʵ˼ʹҼҳĴġʵѾ׼
Ϊ˱Ȼʵ۵ʹؽϢ˹

ٿһͥ飬ҪĸŮȥǡĿǰ޵Ů, ʺ͵ֻ
ңȥʵضֻһѡ˹ȥ
ҵļС㣺, ŮȳǸðʮʮһ, ˭ʡ

СǸʮĸˡ
ǰͷ£, ˣȴ, ޷ƾ١㶼ɽԺν̡
СԺŮڣ, ڴʿֺЩ

ʣ׻֪ʲôƼҼҸʵۣ
ЦˣС½̽
С
ʣҲϢ𣿡
ϢǵǼԺ
Сף˰硣

˼Ƭ̡
Ƕ
Ƭ̺, ̧ʮ

ǶʣΪʮ
СȻʺ˻ר۹, ҾͲظˡֻǵʱҲֹ̽ʵº, ҪһʲôģҪһ뷽ʺһġ
ʺĴǣʼֻһСŮӡСŮ, סйĸ¡
ʵ۵ĺ̫СŮӣλʵ, 谮ĶСŮӡʺǾҪСŮӡ

˵ǡǲֲࡣʮӹڻѣʳֱӽɸ֡ãӶܳȡ
ֻһ¡ǰС½̽Ժѧ̻˰¡ʱǻٵضΪò˻󶯡ֻʮﲻΪ
ʮģӲŮ鰮ϡҪȥû˱ʡ

ֻǻûأ
㲻ŮӡС㲻ظ׵һû͵Ůӣûϣ½ຼķˣҲҪˡ
ҶЦڨڨӡ

ʮﱻȥʱ򻹲֪ʲô£˴󲮸鷿鷿ֻд󲮸ĸ׺ʹý㡣
Ĵ󲮸ּ⣬Ϊ͢ϰ̵
ûü˵ϲ㡱ֻǻӣʵǣʵڿºѡǼһΧʸ񡣼ѡ㡣
ʮס

ʮǿ󲻵ãԸ⣿
ʮĸҲʮ
ʮ̧ӡ
׺ʹ㶼
¶һ΢Цᣬ֮Ը

¶ʮСһ뿪鷿
˭¾ټҼңС
ʮȻ²˭
Сһ½ຼ
ʮȻ̽ɣ뺲˰ɡ
ȻСȻôڻʵ۸ǰԡ

ʮȥǣܼܲӣ
Сأ
Ǻ档ʮ½ຼˣһ˫ۣȴһģҵʱʵǺܺ棬ӻʲôŮӣ֪֪ķǸʲôˣЩŮŮ£ʵ˼
˼Сˡ

ҽöܿ죬ʰһգڶձǱԺˣ׼ʹ뾩
ǰ˻ǰĶ
ңʿ֮ף׼һͳ

СҪǣɣΪ󣻲ɣʲô취ҲҪʮŮΪ檡
С㹪زС
ʮΪԼһŮӡ
ʮ﹪롣
ǳȥ

ҹɴηռʱѾǹô졣
һޥ϶Ǳ½ҺˡΪûӣΪ֪½ԱҪУ뻻źס߶߼С
½˵ԾȻΪʾһ˵ģһš
ֻϧ½

ģȻǱ½½ޥ
ֻʵԵĲ˵˵½լԺ֮󣬸֪½
ɳռԵ˵ӣҹɫӳΡ

˼˵Ŀջ/ǽȥѡ˼סп͵Ŀͷȥ˴ˣͰֽ¡
Ȼҵһ·İװ˼һЩӣ𵶻֮ġ
˷һС굶á
ǰڵϣԴ˵ֵܣ̲һ룬ûȫáԲס
ҹɫˡ

ڵϴ˸裬Ŷ»˺ӡ
ȵŴ򿪣żǺͳǵ˵Уһߴӣ·ȥˡ
һ·ȥ
ԭˮ·ϸֻûͷҡɾѣˣȥһУȻиõĲͷ죬Ҳ½ҵļҶֱͷȥ
ɱ˷򣬸½·

ֻ½ҵ׷
½ҼҶˣó׷١׷õĻ½ױʻġĲʲôӵĴԼģܴ
ɴ鷳

޴Ͳһ·Ⱥ˶Ƕ£Ҳ̤˺ϵĵؽ磬صɽ
̤ݵĵؽ磬̤ʵ˺ܶࡣؼңúθ
ֻ룬ûϢ⼸£֪ôżûд½ȥʣ½ģ

ڻ·½ӵݱ˵ʲôǰɹһɥǷƨ
Ǿǹӣ¼ұɥ˴ѣԱ˿ʬ֪ô룬ؿڶҪը
ȥŴ½ң½Ҷ˵͸˵Ѿ̣üΪ·ˡ

һ·ԽԽԽԽ죬ֻϿˡ
̤¼ұĵؽ磬ũıˡǶ˴һŹסүɻˣϽȶ
һ⻰һʲôˣ

Ȼˡ
ǶȱܵƧŸʼĩ
ȴԭǧȻ¼ҷѣԡԿáΪɽ°˾˾
⼸¼ڣЩȷ°سԿñȴǰγһЩҲûжٻ
ǧֻҸͷŪ¼ҡ

ֲڱһǸ죬ԭٰٻ׼Уٻ°أԼ˻ʲô٣ûߣɱȥⱼɥȥˡ
ǧɿ˸ۡĴñӡҪȫҵģɡ°ضﲢȶ°صİٻְ֮ɡְֽ°ء綼˴Ρ


ǧ˸ոߵ˶ݴٻ⼸¿ĥˣһﶼŰٻֻܻҹˣӱˣ׽
ö˶˵طǧʲôҪǼңһ֪⡣
ֻ֪¡

ɱʣɩϱϱǿɶã
ոߵĴӱϳˡ컹ţ˵ѾӱǧոսϱҪİٻʱͲǡݴˡ
ʣɩأǻȥˣ

˵˵˺ͻϱҽӻȥˣֻ˲ϻȥź¥˸үˣȥɩӣһ취ϽոߵŪ߰ɡҪռ¼ұûóˡ

лǣ¥ȥȻѰϡ
̶̼࣬˼꣬ᶼˣ壡㻹ţ
ȥⱼɥԭ㲻̫ԶġӣûˣûȻȴ˷ǧͻȻѡ
һʱȫˡ

ҡҺͻҶܶˣֻǧβҪŪ¼ҡ
һȥ°غͻ綼ɺš
ϱȱҽˡ

дȥ㣬Ҳûšϵ·ϳˡ޵۾ģˡԭǲϻȥģȰźȻȥˡ
ܾҲͻȥˣΪǧչ˰غͻ硣
ҵ˺öˣֻշģƵģҪǼҲʵ֪

ϲ۾ʣ壬ΪεڲŻ׷ʲô£
ˣɵҲڿز
½˺ˡ½֪ҷˣһҩҩͽΣǸҲڿ⡣
ۼҴշģһɣ½Ѳ˸ϵ






195.   195    

195 

ɵĻһ㶼ûд, ¼ҷһУ½Ӵؽݸ½ͬݵ֣֪ı߻ġ
ǧȻõ㹻, ſ֡

°غͻһֱǧɡۡ˰պ󣬱ʽΪˡӱǧոյȥҪߣ¼ҡ
Ҫ͵ǵȥ, ¼Ҿ㳹군ˡ

Ů춼֮Ů, ǧԷŹǶ, Ҳһֻ۱һֻۣȥ
°ءӿ϶Ҫ߽
¼ûг, Ҳûν¼ˡ

°һֱ벻ͨ¼ҵô˷ǧ
ڽ⿪ˡͷʱɴȫ
°һȭڵϣ
ԭˣ߽, ½ң

̾˿
꣬ôõһ׮°ʿ֮, ݣ˭߿¼һۡ
ʱڣ½һ¼ͽÿ꽭ʽӡ, ֻ¼õó
СõۼǸŴȰ, ķͨûУ˭˲Ľ
Ǽˮϯֱ¼Ի͵ʱˡ˸ʿŮ, һ̽ɣ
ͻȻһأôһźףŤͷͳ˶أ
һƵġ

, ½Ǯƣ۶ô죿ʡ
Ҳɷ
°ȭҧã½ǣ۸¼ûû

¼ҵ׳½ңݾҡһγ£ǶܶˣɼҶܶˡ
ֻʹ
ǧٴһѹˡ

˭˵ۼû°ҧۼҲʶ
գգۡ
һ£˵ǡ
°صȥǣ㣡

ʣ˭
°ص
촽ǡ
ǻɸ¼֮ľͶ飬ѾʮǰˡһͻˣѾ˵Ƿˡ
񣬻ܵĴˣֹСҹ䡣
ȥ˼ң˼һ

ֻڣҲûбİ취ˣֻҽ
ϵðȥ
С°˵
Ϲǵ°Ҳ뵽ˡⶫǻʱ;룬Ҳű˴˼λĲ赭ġ

ȥ°˵꣬ڴʺιҩģҡ
ȥ
ģ͸û顣

գϵĸٻһӡŮͷӣ׼˾Ʋˡ
ͷʮȣȥ
ٻŮšӡȥʱͷѾȵȵڶˣѲηȵ°غͻһ䣬ͻȻ۾

㣡¡¡ͷָǸ°ءſڽࡣ
Ⱑþòˡɵк𺰰֪ˣµĿ㣬Ǳˡ
°أͷͷ۹ˣŭĿ
治¡
¡ɵȼҺӳ˾ͷֲˡ
ͷöţ쳤

ٻ°׼̲ңҲ֪˵Ĵ˭Ҳ˵һء硢ܾﶼҲõġҪܽͻһžۡҪܽ
°صֻҪϰæһܽ
ٻУ㡣

°һȣС
֮ǰΪԿð˾ǧ¼ңӽûʱҽΣˣֻۣ·еˡ
°ȥ

ľȥմɣΪ
ȥԮΪ

ɴӿݣһ·϶׷ķЩʱա°سȥѾǰ³
ʱСʮﵽ˾ǡ
˷ּ빬Ҫϰͤ빬ǰѵⱾǺµķ£̵ǵĹԱȴ½
ټŮʵ۸顣

ʮ½
˽Ի񣺡½֡
Сһ𣬺ַɸʢֻ޳ֻڰ˳䡣

ԭſϷ̬ʮֺ½Եʲôˣֻ·ʹл֪½Ѿޡ
ʹ㣬Ҳ֪С½̽Ǻ»ǻ£˶ǡ

С˵꣬½΢΢лġ
ֱǿʼɡŪ֡
ϰͤҪڽ̵ЩϾĹԱ͸ʹߵġȳʵ۵ǹģأ̵½СŪ֮˵

˰ѳ꣬СƵġǿ¼Ѿˣֱ֮ǰִͬţǺ־ټҼңʺ֣ҵȴ˴빬ֿʲô֮
½ټֲҾӹǰʱἰ˾Ȩطң̸˸ϡֻ˵㣬һ򹫵־ɽԺǵʿ֮㣬ϣ

⶯ѧԺҶŮӡ󡣡½
Сʣλشµģ
½Ҵ𣬡Ůӡ
Сʮһۣһл֡
½񣺡ʮˡԴȥ׼׼빬

뿪С̾
˶䡣
ʮЦˡ
ຼԪ½ѧɽԺСʮﶼǳѧʶźͷ˵ģֻЦ

Ǹü۽ǳЦЦ÷Σֽ͡
Ǻܶ̾˾ᡣ
ʮţЦÿ
С´ȫ

ҵĴС빬ý̵֪¡
ʵ۵˴ơ
ǸҲŮ빬һѧϰޣһ֪

ЩŮǼµͣʮʹЩѾʮˡ
ͽŮЩǾģЩǾûкʵģشӼġǶ֮ǰƷһǸ빰Ϻλѡ
Ǵ˿һˣʵ˶ºѡĿ

۲Ӵһ֮󣬻ʵټ½Ϊ΢ֹ
һˣ½кηԸ
ûʲôԸ˵˵Ůʵ˵
½ĿŻʵ˵
ʵ۱һȴȡһŮˣ˵

½ɽ۱磬ܸӡ
ֹ󡣡ʵڣʮҲ˵ܰФ˵סФʮֲ뿴ߡ
½ʣǾ˹ڿ̰˵𣿡
ʵ۵̰˵ʣĸҲòϡʵͦ˼ġ

ʵ۾á˼ҽãûʵҲͦ˼ġ
󹬲ܻݣССԶŮӡʵ۵Ŀζʮרһʮһգδ
ʺҲӡСֻҵ˻ʺ󡣡
ʮѡδԸ⡣
ֻŮûѡˣһϵɷϡ

Сʲôӣʵʲôӣ񿴵ˡ㻹ǿѡģ㲻Ըұؼҡ
һؼʲôأʮҵĲѧԶ㣬ûдﵽֵĳ̶ȡȥһҪ޸ˣӡδд۹⣬־ȤͶҲ͵ķҡΨһܽԼںĻˡһϲý
СãʵʣҲ¡

ʱֵǹŨ
½ƽۣݿлţ
ƽ۵ûС
½Ĭ

ڿʱ¼дţָдţݽûлš
ҵ˵½˵뿪ʱǡŭ塱ġ
½ûб顣

½Ȼ֪ĵһŵ¼ұʱ¼Ѿ˴ΣŮ˱ݴĸ߰ٻϳ˾Ƿ͵и߰ٻˡ
Ҳʶ֣¼һϳȥûʶˡмʶ֣һ˿Ǹ˵¼Ů̽š

Ȼ
߰ٻ৵ؾͰ˺ˡ
½ڶŵˣͬˡ

ƽ۵лţղŵġ
ŷ鷿ˣ½Ǵƽۣ½Ļš
½ĸ׵һƬТģȴһľҽ࣬½˵ҽ½ѵֻȫԼТģȫ֮顣½ٳ޷½뿪ǣֵҽ½ʵĲ[[ֻҪĶ飬ơ
֮ǲ½뿪ġ
½꣬һţ

գ½ɸʺ밲
½ɷ۵[[һڼҡ
[[ҪĸТ硣
գ½½ɷ򸾣ֶʵĸףҽ࣬ĸǵƫͬĸףչ˲ܣԸĸҡͲĸֶһƬģֶȰȰס
½ɷТģӦ˸½дȰ

ѽڸչһС˾ǡ
°ƣһڳǰŶӽǡ
ڶˣһܽȥǵʲôӡ

黺ǰȴȻ
°תͷȥ
һӺڵ׽µʿδͣҲŶӣֱӱˡ
ͷһһװβտȴ񻣬ǸŮӡֻղһδǰȥ£ŰɶҲ

ݣҲôտŮӣֻûôҲûƣûĴ
Ȼӽ£µطܱȵġ
ţȻԺ
°תͷŶӲеͷӶ

°ؽ̽ȥԷ̸
ǸǼԺķˡ·˵ģʮֳ
°ش˰Ρ

ԭѾȢˡ
ʵҲˡ
ǰ¶ȥˡ
Щֻ

ȨȻ
ɾˣԸŮ޸
°س̾Ϣ




196.   196    

196 

·ݻھǡ
ַںϸްˡ
Լҵһ, һϵеٮٮߡ˵ʮŸ, ȻùǣûʮŸȫ
ǣ˵λļ̳⡣

λ涨, ֻɵӼ̳С
뵽⣬ĴŮʱ, ճĿһӵˡĶӾͳӡ
ŵʱû£, У˰ͱˡ
һͱĻ֥ùӵĹƨ¡

Լҵ, ۲ڳﶪ˻ȥ¡
ޥˮ齻, 㲻òȥ˺ϵĺϸ
°ŵʱ, ڼҡ
˱С˵ţԳǶˡ

Сû, ڼңϿˮ, ʮֺ棺ʲôˣ
ˣɴûʲôˡϹš
˵Գ¼ҡ

СЩһˮҭ·ҵ·
ڼͼ, ֻ˸첲ء
ֶ˵أ
˵ŷ
С뵽ȥ
ֲ䣺ã
һ֪ǹˡҪĹ, Ǵ֡
Сžȥˡ

°һֱ֪ϢˣϢˡ
ֻ벻ݳ޵ĳ̶ȡҴϵĸϣǶŰŽ
ǵ껹ǰǧӣѾͿ˼ҵס
˵ļ˵

°ŷһ裬˰յҲЩ㷣֪ɻϲԼ
ûһˣ˸Уֱ
ٳͬˣˣй˽Զܵ
һӣ°صľͷһ롣

òŮȲĹϹ
°ŴҪĬô˵£ĳԺȡ
òףζñܰæáǲϰæ߲ܰæ°Ҳ·

ʵҲû·ˡ
ԮɣֻȻݣܵܺͶӴӴϼһһ飬Ǵûĺӻȥ
¼ҳһȥ⣬½ͷӱ
½ԣ½Ӧȥʮ¾ھˣ֪֪ʵࣿûв룿

°ǲ֪½Ѿ⸮ɥųΪٵûбɥģ븸ĸҲһʮʮġ
ֻ˵ʶϣԼúõˣһֱȥ
°شʱ½Һ޵ҪȻϣھǵ½ҲǱ½ɱΣʲô֪
Ͼ½һ½ʾ֮ˡ
ȫǶˡ
һЭ[[ûû˵ʵڿ

ǸãдʯĲڵӰڣͨլ
°ͷţнŲһŻĵĴ󽡲˳㹰ָ
ʮ飺С¼һλ磿

Ժʹ
˵Ǹʮݿɲ֮ˣÿ顣
°ʮ𾪡
˵еﵽǰ㷢봫˵Ĳ̫һȷǿƲסԾġ

ʡһλ硱Ȼ֪¼ġ
°Ҳ֣¹¼ҳУء
ԭ¼Ҵ磡СȻһݣɡ
°ؾ⻰ž͹֡벻ףôͺ˹ܼɵļʹˣ

°صʹ֪Ҽң
¼ҸңȻ֪Ҫô˵أ
ɾ¼ң°ͷһһᡣ
飬ȴ֪ԩһҲѹɡ

鼫ˣ߶߶ͶȥԭȥģֻʱᣬҲأҿ˳ȥҲû¼ҵĸǡ

һ磬˲°ؾûоˡ
ǵÿ˳أָ֣ʹɣҲһһ硱Ƿ˽£ɼŵֵܡ
˳Ļ˱°ػ֪ȥͶˣҲǴļʹˡ

°һֱĸоûˣԷɡ
ֵܣġɷһʡ
ɡС˵ްλӴˣȥϸȥˡ
ʲôطĸүް˵£°ʵ̫ңԶˡ
ճĶǸЩ˴򽻵¡°ؿʼеʵС

Զһ¡Сܸʲô£ֻ˵СдҺڸҿ¡ûǼԺ˵¡

ȥ˺ϸһʱܻ¡
°򴽣ֵܼ֪ҼҺĹϵұ˵ˡӣǺ㶩׵ӣԭǼ޵ຼ½ҡķǽƵ̽½½ԡֻ
°غݺȭ½Һˣ


°ذ˵꣬С֪˵ʲôˡ
ĥĥ½
벻ǸվǰɫףȷͷӣȻôһ̯¡

ʵҲܹС
ֹ벻½Լ֮ǰҲ벻һһԣɽһѩ
Ʃ½Ծʾɲҹ̽һ½֪ˣ½Ҳû¼֡ʱǻûɺݵġ
һһʧصġ

ݵº˵һССǧѣģºýСָߵֻ½ҡ
°Ҳ֪ѵ½ҡϾຼ壬ĹҡĹʦʦͬͬţϵܲ㡣˿½ӿңݵ¾֪ˡ
ֻ֪ΪġΪѡСΪѣͬһΪѡ

½ҵ£ȥʾһ¡С밲Ҵ𸴸硣
°
ɼȥ˺ϸʹȥ˭ʾ
ֻ˵ģ׷ʣֻá
ѾȲ裬Ҵȥ˺档

ޥϴ軻ѣ¸µĲ˵Сˡ
Ҹ磿ޥеıžصдһĲ˵ϡ
һ̣Сؿޥһľ⡣
ʲô
С˼תȻӴˣҲû

С㾻ͯʵˡº۹⣬볣˲ֻͬó˴磬ܶˣ볣˵Ĳͬ
ͬʱҲĲͬ

ޥէֳѰֻͷ˲
ֻԼ֪ôͷһֱı
ЩͰϷȥ㲻ײһ£ֱࡣ

ô֪ʵ
֪ΪˡСĥĥҲûܵǲ֪Ǹһ̯ʲô³

Сһޥ
ɸⱼɥ½Ծʾޥᡣ
һֱȥ׷ȥȥ֤
֪Σ½
±

ȻᣬЦˣȻûиҡ
ͷıУһʧˡ






197.   197    ײ

197 

ޥǼ´ӿ߱
߱Ϊ֪, ͵ߺתŭ[[ҵ̽ޣҲֻܴһЩ[[Ϣ
ӴĲ½ˡ
㱨, ½ġšĹһֱϢ塣

ȥᣬޥ壬Ҵһ, ½Ρ
СһڴӦá
ޥֻҪžͿԡ
½½ӣйͬĶ½, ຼ塣½һӶܸ½
½ޥֵѾ͵޴ˡ
½ݼҵŮ, ܵܡܻòڣʳסеʷ, ½ҿһ֡

ޥʣأ
СŽŽ˺ɱ´ΣԾӻ, ¼ұǧ˹ߣ˹ְֵҴ, ɰ°ػ˳°زϾһһϵе¡

ޥԭΪ޳ϱѾ½ˣϲ½ɥĲֵز
ܶ¼
ֶ, ŭֻͷ裬ؿڲͣ
վҧػ˺ü, ŭⷢһȭϣ

Сһ
̴ľģ̴ľжӲ, שǽҲˡ
ޥȭͷ̴ľϳһƣȭͷȻҲѪˡ˵Ѫ, ֪˶֪жŭ

Сæˡ
ȫϰ֮ˣҩƶֳɵġС
ŮŵòᣬæޥҩӲľֻˣûľ֮ġ

ŮǸޥ£Сֱ۵ɩɩŭ¼ڵ¡Ǳߵ£ҿһ˹ȥֻܽɩɩ¼Ҹ绹ǰ棬ҪҪȥ

ޥ۾
½д˶Ը¼Ϊˡ
񡭡
ۣھȥ
ȥɡС̾´סŸӣˣ˾ûãۣ·Щˡ
ޥˣվ߳˴š

°صķ˴롣
ʱеƣαϣŵ񻨾ķŴһʲôĴ𸴡
ûԸ½ҲûϵⱾǲ֮롣
ֻҪܰ¼ҶȹѹؾͿԡ

ں½
°ĵ
ԼҵĳԼұ
ֻҪݵ½ûк֮ǣȥˡ

ɻ棬֪ٹ໤ȥ⸮ԩ½ǿ⸮֪ͬһĴι١ôܰõ
ﲻˣǳУС
ĳ𣬱صѪģ

ţнŲԴʯһɫӰת
°سŹվ
Ȼֹ
ɴ۾

ˣһؽӣᡣ
겻ˣƯСﳤ޾׵ļˡʲôطէȻһϵó
ֻãأλϲ

°سԾҲ㡭㡭
ڻޥǰһ
һ
°ؾɲؿ
ޥȹգȥ
硭棬һš

°ſ죬ȴ˵
ʹ֮ӭľϲᣬ֮񼡣
Ĩ˰ȥץסޥô£˵
ޥ۾ͷȥԣ֪ô˵

°ʱע⵽ϵѡ
ͨĴؽ˿
ԺвظֳһʱǰڳŴĺʿӵŵġˡ
ˡտһζǻװȻԺ̵ӡ

ѽôˡСȥ°أүүȽŲ㣬
ʹ°ɫ࣬Īҳƺʾô£
ɩɩ˵˵Сֲޥ

ޥֱ۽ޥġ
°üͷһ£ò꣬ʵǸˡ
ֻȻ֪ģӾϿޥӣԽܡ

˵ɣţ°ص
Сޥٿ°أ˵Ҹ磬ҲɩɩҪֻ֣ܹ½Ϲ

СҪؽһ顣
мˣҸ綼ˡֻ½ͷû취½ʵΪŴƿֻҲû뵽ϹɥĲˣ澹

˵࣬°صɫԽ
ʣҽڳſ˴£㣿
ޥû뵽ֳͷҡ

С˵
ʹ°ؿСҺ˵仰
СٿͷޥʹСʹѾͷҡ
תȥˡ

ֻСʲôʱ֧ʹԹˣ
ߵţȴûȥֻţֹţ·ȥļ
ȴ˴ʯ棬ûߡ

°Źվ֪㹫˰ѱͳⲻĴ
ޥҲվ
°ǰһԼã㣬Ϊʲôȥ

¼ҳеŷ籩
һ˲š
ޥ̧ͷͫ׷Ŵ

½Ҫͳʱ͸ȥ°ҧ˵㣬˽ģһ㡣͸֪¼ҵŮýƸίˣ

㿴ʲôӣڲ棬ߣΪľܴĵˣ
񣬶ʾˣ
˵ǻˣ˭֤ˣĸ֮ý֮˭ģҺ磬˭ͬˣ

㡭̫ʧˣ°ޣ¼ʲô˼ңϹ캱˼ң
캱ģ

ؼҾΪһṴ̊û캱طԱ࣬ˣ
Ϊ𣡡

ˣɸɾģƴҲȥ㱨𣡡°һҪҧˣڻţˣ

°صĲǰȳ֮£ޥһ
һ
ͷĵУһ߶ϵ䡣
ͷѪ顣
̫ۣھˡ
ֻߣ֪еһ졣

˵ֱֵסıģٲˡ
ޥתͷȥģأС
үôƢбȥСҧЦҲ˼ԼԸԸ⣿

ʹҽС°ص¼Һͻоɣݡ
СɩɩҸ磬ݹصġ
ýƸ޸ĸ֮°صϡ¼ҳУҲϡ

Сҧ
°ضޥʣ½֪֪Щ£
ޥͷһζҲ֪֪֪ⱼɥǡΪˡ

°ʣھǣȥҹ
ޥɫ԰ֽ
°ضˣûС

£㲻ңҲɷ򡣡°صΪ
ʣ㲻룬ţ˵˭
ޥ촽΢
°˵ǸҪ֣[[
ޥ۾ᡣ

[[Ĵ壬̽ɡ°صҪ֪Ͷ̥ͰͶˡ
ޥȺļ޸㡣
ίˡ

°ģ
HƵģ
Ȼͬ顢Ϊʹ
⣬ı䲻˻ѾǸ˵ʵ

»ܶдˣ°ʡ
ޥҡͷֻҡͷ໰ں䣬˵
档

СǸعصĺӡֻʱСҶ㡣°صǴˡ
°ضޥҧгݣǴǸǰѡ񹶻
㣬Ů𣡡






198.   198    

198 

ޥ, һ仰ûб粵
Ϊ磬Ե˵Էȥһɣ޷˵°صġ
Ϊ°˵, ȫ̰ĽڡһŮ£Ψһȷ£ѳڡ
ޥȥ, Ȼ°ȥ𡪡°˵ǶԵ¡
ޥȫ

ôȥ, ޥ²Ҫ統ˣ
Сбǰһм, ޥǰƤЦⲻЦ˵ү, ʱкܶɼѵʱҲȥˡҸɩɩͺع, ⶯ȥģαءǰ, ݵżȰݵ½١

ˡ°ص͵ҽû¼ҵ, ͷˡ
˿ޥҧƷھ, ۼǹܲˡֻţϳ, ȥ½ҵĭ[[ۼҵܾ, кˡ
㵱ùõģΪ֮
ԺǻϷˡ¼ҵŮѾ˿⣬ຼ

°˵꣬Źתߡ
Сֻöͻͻ
ĺܾû˸ҸˡȻ°ǰǸܵܣվǼԺ˹ܼɵļʹ

ú˿ߵſڣȵס
ɫµķ̴Ժӿ°ضԺֶڵϡ
ǵȻ֪°ʲôˣҲ֪ʲô¡ֻ֮Ҫʹһ仰ɱɱ
ЩȾѪˣһסɱȻȻؾš

°촽򣬽ӽסʣĴָһƻ֡
աһʰ硣
°Ҳס˵
Űʮű佫ʱŽ˹ɽˡ
Ҳɱ

š
СҪ˵һִֻӺ水סļ
ޥ˵塭ߡ
Сĥĥȵߣ

ǳˮֿóԺš
°ذѵУӻ˸֣ߡ
ŬߵƽЩֻûãӲţǿó΢ˡ

ޥǸӰҰģ
µʱѾǸ׳ʵꡣСãǣűűš
˶ʰ
Ϸ˵Ҫʱİƶ
޸½Եʱ͵ףϵĻΡ

ǳУʱ򣬼ûôáʵʵڸŵܹġ
ΪӣҪ󣬸綼ǲһġ
ĸһ
ǳְС֪Ҫ˵ܵá

ȥޥԹ
֪ǹţı½ˣһƴȴҲҪġ

ʵЩĻС˵ôдġڴͽǮҪģһЩҪ
ֻǰޥʱǽԼɴʱõԭǻЩΪݵųǡ
ЩǶĴŮġ
һŵǧ𡢿Ĵ͸ҵŮӣ̵ġ

°صӰѾʧˡҲ˳ȥ
Ժﰲ
ֻСվſۡ

塣ޥǱߵ£ˡ
֪С˵ԹȥһС¶ѣý
ֻɩɩôӦһ¡
Ŀ⾼ޥ

ޥ˵
СΪ¼ұ뿴ɩɩȫȫβġһɩɩиʲôһʲô¼ຼ½ңƨ£ǣ
Ц欣ɩɩõ

ޥ㵱ȻĸһǺˡ
СЦûɩɩ֪ǡ
ޥ΢΢һЦ
ϻۣȴЦƽ

ҲԾġ㲻õġ
ȻСŲ𣿡
ޥʱҲͦõģֲֻ
С޵ϱ򱶵˶ǣʹء
ǰ뵽һ㣬ޥȥˡ

һԣ׷СȴӦңұȥˡ
лˡޥϥ񣬡ҸƢã
СҲܣһ񣺡Ҹ˵ܣҸɫˣĲˡ
أҲãίˡޥ

С˻Уʹ׷үȥ
ޥȡ
ǣѪԵǲһǸȥûŸˡ
СʮּʣһáɩɩҸ˵Ҵ򲻹㣬£ͷġ
ʵСͱޥԴġ
ޥܵܣһЦ

Сȥд˷ţŸ룬Ȼ˳׷°ȥˡ
°ֻһСҽġСʱܿ׷ˡ
Сԭ뾪·Լ·°ظιʱޥý

֪°صĳӹٵĵһ·ߵķͲԡ
СΪߴ·ˣٶߵԩ·óЦ
ȵڶ·°صĳȻѡߣС׹ζˡ
ҽס

ǼХ׷ȥ
СӺͻȻֵĽ·ǰΧһ/׼ǣͷűĹ
ŵ굽˳ԯȥˡ
°ɫࣺʲô

ʲôСʣʲôȥ
°صһؼҡ
ޣСۣ·⸮ķ򡣡
°һ˵

°Ҳû뵽һˣĽ
ޥûί㡣
°شӻ˳Щ
úܲһֻһûġ½ɱ
֮ǰΪģɱ
°˳Գ˵ߣȥ⣡

°ضôɱ½ˡ
ʹݵԾүš½̫Ҫܲ
ֻҪУֻҪ㹻ˡȵ棬Ҳ˵ֱӰε
һƽ죡
ˣܽͷޣ

ֻû뵽ߵ̫ƫˣͻȻΧˡ°ɫࡣ
֪粻Ը⿴ҡҲͦԸġ
˵棬СҲҽСүߵ淢ĳ򣺡
ֽŲõشӳȥˡ

Сϳԯ°Աȥɱ½𣿡
°Ŵ˵
СذװţǿɲС
°ŭƾʲôУ

ƾ½ô£¼Ҹ˵˲㣬СҸ˵˲㡣
˵꣬ȻһЦ
ذת°صĴȣݺݸһǺ֣

С۲ܾˣѾ°صʹһӣȥġ
°ҲӲһ¾ʹӲҧסûֻ߳Ȳ൹ȥˡ
Сӳԯ巬ŬŬ졣
һӵϽ°

°С˰죬˳
Ӱѳӻصԯϡ
Сͷݡ
ԹԵת˷

ϸͿ⸮ںϣ뿪⸮ľ롣
ҵյİӡ
ջʵ۵˼һεȻûеӣóûջءλ

λϮģˣһճĶӳϮĶӷ⿤ĶӷĶӷ⸨۴μȡ
һֱڣһֱͣµĿǣµǣµĸǡ

ԼһֱһϵеٮٮߣѪ֮㣬֮ڣһϵܳԵ֮һĸ˰Ӿ˳ۣԪ˵ۣۣλʵÿÿݣ۵ֱ顣
ʻʵּľλջء
ο̫/ѪѪԵͳˡ
˭ԶݷԼѪῪĵġ

״۵˼ǴιҪʵջġ
ȴƿһ׮󰸡
ԺõһֶΣջе˼ٽҷܵõõķ֡
ʵ⣬ҵҿʯذ壬澹Ȼһש
νשҤƵһĵשϸܳа֮нש
שרУڻʵ۵Ĺ
ǻʵרõġ

שˣۻԶ
Ҳû뵽һ̳оװǣ£۶һ¡ͣʹӺ˱Χ
ĸôܴҲΪһȺңܵļԺ򣬻ֱӾͽеͶˡ

Ժߣҵܿ⣬ҵۣ
ϵöɫˡ
ǸģҲһģʵϣġ
뵱ʵ۵ķǺ÷ÿ϶ʵΡ
ֻսש۵ģǲҪ

ʱ̫ԶѾ޴ӿɿǰǰǰΪʲôû£ϵı֮嶤ˡ
ܺãҪԺչֵ
ںϸϵһ򾡡
£ϲּٹϲּûһԺõġ

ǺϹԱ
ܹٳ϶֪ĪȥϡҶ繷ߵĵطѳҵ
ѵüԺǳ˿

참Ӱݱʱ򣬻յСķɸ봫顣
˳ɫ죬ʣôˣ
СļŸˡ˳ֱ꣬Ц

½ǹǽ׼֡
֪ϱǶˡҪ֪ˣ֪᲻¼ºˡ
¼ҵûʲô£ЩίСȥˡ˳ʣҪҹȥһˣѵѵ

ȥ½úõģƽ˳⡣
½ɵԽ˹ԽãԽһبޥ½֮޷ԽȻ

˳ҰҰ졣
ʣʲô
˳½ɩ㡣
űǡ

ͣͣǵｻ㡣
˳
һؾȥ
˳Ҳǣȥɡ¼Ҵɩһ٣ѳء
ᶨص벻

ô˵ţʱ֮󣬱㽫һ̯ӵ¶˿˳һӺﱼϮһ㣬ȥˡ






199.   199    ؼ

199 

ؾǵٶ, ܸϼԺŸˡ
ʱޥ԰ˮߵһʯ, Сι㡣
Щ⣺

С, Ҫվ
ȴ糾͵عȥǰס֡
ݵ¶ý, ġ

ޥ㶼֪
ڰٻλҲùõˡãշŪ, ڸλӡ綼һ

ӰٻǧԾ˼˵, һʵķԽ
ޥл
֣˵ʲôллġ

ޥ΢΢һЦ
Ƭ̣ĸ, ޵Ҫ
֪ҲǹңʵڸöǱ߶ජЩ¼ҵġ

ǰǷ¼ҵĻˡҸиӹ, ˭ػȥ˭ء
ο˭õ¡
½ңΪһ½[ҵ߶Գ, ѡ
ޥѾ˻ˣֻҪޥһ˾͹ˡ

ʱ, ۾ޥգҲգع۲顣
˭Ҳֲ㡣ޥ˵½й, Ѿˡĸ磬ʲôӣܷ, ֲ˵ˣ

֪֪Լ̰أ
ޥĬȻ
½Եĵ½游Ū練ƣֻҪˣ½¿̽꣬;ҪġŪְصͷʲôͷܲӰ½ԡ½˺½Ҫ½ҵ˻ţǻúã;ȹ̣½Ů˲ܻúá

ϣûȫ¡ֻһͷҪôҪôȫ
ޥͷһѵ˭ģôôף
Ħ֣ﲻʹ죬ȥߡ˵Щ춼ûȥ
ޥڼܹˡ

УһгҰܵʹ졣
΢
ޥȲ𣿡
ˣ˽⣬ͽȰɡ
ޥ˵ʲôء

ңԼúõġûҿס£ֻ㡣
ޥס֣ⲻǺúõ𣿡
㲻ġ
ޥ֪˵̰ģ֪Լ̰̰ġ

Ҿ̰ġ
ŵվȴûֱҪȰޥ
ҪȨƣһҪ㡣Ҫ㣬Ҫ㿪ġ

ޥֱϣ§סĲʲôӣ
ԼޥϷߣޥ˵Ļطϡ
ޥĺˣҶ˵üúùˣҲȥġ

֪㲻ɵ
ޥɵͷ϶ζȥϴ衣
ЦˣޥС

ޥ֪ΪʲôҪŮꣿʡ
ޥ죺ΪʲôǲӦõ𣿡
С
ޥ棺Ϊʲô
ΪʡǮ

ޥ
Ѫ뷨ڹˡҪ֤ŮԼѪ͵취Ů˹ˡ͵ôӸԺӰǹǮ
С͸Ůˣɾʧɳܡ쳤վãԺӣŮԼ߾ͰԼˣֻϸһӣҪñˣҪҪŮ˿ñԼˡģǶƤӣ˵ʡǮʡǮ

ʲôޥૣôźе
Ϊ˵Ǵʵ
ޥŻͷʵֻЩǰ벻׵£ˡ

ֻʵ˵˲ࡣҶЩ̻˵ĻģˡŮ˶ˡˣףЩǸصĹأǲܲصġʵϣվ㹻ߵλòŻ֪λԽߵˣԽǲعءˣԼġ

ޥ̾˵ʵ˻ǻڹ
½ˡ[[°أͨͨǡÿֻܰĹ£˶ǡԡ¡
ҹܱʲôֻҪ׾СҪףЩؿɵˡ

ޥšһ
ֱޥص˷š

Сʱţݲһ죬յ˻ŸĻš
һСţƲ죬ǵģ£Ҫ
һǧһٻ֮£ͶʹԳ֣ʵɱţˡ
ǧ϶࣬ԵĲ˵ǿռŮ£ͺüСһ˵ˣԩҪŮľͺüҡ
С֣˻ү
Ƕ˵ûôү

֣ٻŮ˵ʶԺ
ŮǴţʶ
°ر͵ˣʶ
ٻб۵ɾôһˣԶʳ

°ص治ʶմ⣬Ժʲôطռ˵𣿡
ٻҲǣӡֻ°ôܰԺ׷ʡ
°ֻ˵ٱƾ͵װ
ɵŮ
ٻߺߡ

СУľͰˡ
ɺͻ綼ųһԱˡ
ɼ°أʣʲôʱȥɱ½Ϲ𣿡
°ֻǳĬɬ

ɲ죺磿
°ش˻磬ֻɺϣࡣ
šɵһӦ°һ鲻Խᡣ

ţ򴽣ҧס
ֵ
ϵﻹܾԺҪ˵أ֪ˣҪ˼ҲȢϸȢĶմɵĹģǸҼޣ
ֵĬˡ
¼ҵĳϱİ壺£͵ΪֹˡۼҵãѾຼԺ½ҲˡȹԼӡ

ݵˣСѾӷǧ½м˵ݸ֣֪
ָʾǽµ󻯣͵
ô˵׻˵߿գǣ׻˵Ժܰ׸ɻСȥݸ֣֪һѺõĻ̸̸˳Ĳ÷⡣

ǰȥ°أҪˣûʲôҪɩɩģ
°سĬ˺ܾã˵
˵ȥ

ʱļȥ֮Ҳûôǿҵȥˡ
¼Ů޸ˣʵǸ߳ܵ¡
ʵ˺ˣܡ

ǣʵɱ½ֻʱСûɣҲǼȥɱˡ
ɼĸо
һ˶ˣʱ
°ʲôҲûиޥ

СؾʱѾǾѮ
˳ûںϸɨβ䶨
һϵľλߣˣϵն
Ľ˻ʵۡ

λǴ̫/ʵʱַ˵ġʹͬ꣬һֱ̾ںѪ˶ĲƸ˻ʵ۵˽⡣
Ϸƣ





200.   200    

200 

˳˻û, һͻ˻˿⡣СݴӾֵÿˡ
ʲԺһҪޥ˽һ¼ܿ⡣ʱ, ޥҲڳ
ʵΪľ

ӵصǣŻָе㺦¡
¡˵ʵλ, լӣ, ҵһݡ
ͨԱլҲεĵصܿ⡣
լ, ǰǸպţլӡ
СʱŻʱ˵, ţץ㣡

Ϊʵܶ顣ЩԹ, Щǲ֪ġõģҸ, ͻʵ˵õģơ
ʵʱûо˵𡮼ԺʱʱоСޥ, ǻһ˵ͻȻ;ᵽ, ڡʵţˡ

ЦˣЩȻ
ǸˡҷǳĽ
ޥ˵ġ
ϣǡ

һɱļҾ졣ҴӦɱġ
ޥŲס, Ҳס
ޥ֪Ǹʲôˡ

ҵӣ֪Ǹʲôĺôɵġ, 򣬽ױƻ㣬ҡ
ԺĻ޸ĸˣûġ
ڣȫǵ˶֪ҵ㡣

𣿡ޥ룬ᡣ
ͻᡣ
ޥ̾˿ͷֱϣ˸ˡ

ｨðɣҸ˵
뽨ͽɡҲġֻ
ޥ˵ܵеϣ
ðɡ

ޥĹ¡
ޥ̧ͷ
ɱţӵʱȫܷǸͨŮˣֻ㲻

ޥһ𣿡
˭˵޳ᵽˡ
ޥǣȷ޳

ʣкܶ𣿡
ûţĶࡣұϾǳϣ϶˺ȥġ
ޥҵذ׻ҡ
ܳﱧų/ǹذСɵĶϲŷ㡣
ˡһõġ

һ£ˣʤʱնˡ
ʤʱ˼£նˡӶǶھˡ
֣ˡ
ޥá

ʹģĪڶ˶񱨣Ӧáĳҡ
ģԺ޵Ϊ
ޥԵ±Թˣֻбȡ𡱸ҪҪһ˿š
û취

Сޥ㱨ݵ¡
ôݴǧݴ˰ٻҸɽָʹ˾ͨˣ͵ͷȥ˵һˡȥתˡ
ޥҸûֶ˵Ļ
ûУɿˡС治ɫ˵

ʵϻݵһ·ϣ˳Էˮ˰°ص졣
ԼƢԼ֪ޥֻװ
ҸСֿ˵
ޥЦЦ

Сţ°ޥĶԻһ顣
СͷԴǿһֲظһ顣
ˣҪ۴˸磬Ū

ֵһž˵ˣôɩɩڲˣǲǽ˵ģ
ûлشֻ°ͣĿͶϡ
ޥȷһֱûгˡҲ֪ԭ
ոմСĶԻУǸ𰸡
½[

ÿ˶ߺ㡣
ͬޥǻ㣬½[ޥߡ
½Ըϵӵ㣬ԸŲ¶ĸԭ

½Ըޥණˡ
ܸޥģȴΪ½[Ĵڣޥܲ
Ŀñ
ȥţ½һʲôʱš

½ɸ
½ɢֵûлؼң½ɻĸ̸ۡ
ӣ϶ֽкá½֮ӡ
ˡ½ɵһţ󰡡
Ҳδء½ǰˣûʲôʳ

½ɲΪ⣺һϵͶģʳҪѪɺӲɣ
Ƶººıˣıûɡ

½һϵϵĸ˰ˡ
ˣ˶ٲƸǳ˻֪ˡ½ɵºܸ˰ɣ
ԺİӣûĲƲ⣬ʵ۵˽⡣ҲλʵΪʲôôݼԺԭ֮һ
ʵ˵ǸĺʵӻǮҲͦѵġ

ԺʧΪһ·ӡ½ɵ
ղ;½ҵôһˣΪȥ£׼ȵҵԹڵʱҵļƷ
ǲ𣬻䬾ֳɵˡ½ɵ¹پôõġ

½ÿɷ
裬½ɵ㲮ĸ[[ˡ
½ĸ밲
½ɵȳТϽ飬í[[˽
½ͷá

½ֵĸ׵±㸸ˡ֪Тģֻ㸸˵ҲԣжӲɢ޵ġ
½΢

뿪½ɸصԼˡ
ǰӸд˵ţڵȵ˻š½鷿ȥˡ
ֻŻ粻أֻа˸֡
ƴ[[ػš

½Ĭԡ
ֱҵĴŭ[[鷿[[
½񣬰ֽ¶΢ЦŮϥͷ
ҵİһֽȥǴյ졣
½ˣ佱һҵģí[[ȥĸ밲
ҵĵǡ

մ½[½ɸȥ
Ӵɵ˼գһ·
·ûеֻ̣Ժǽ·ʵ˼լԺ֮ļ½ɼȥ߹ˣҲ˳ֻգųһսȥ;þ
ù졣

½[һǰһ裬ѾߣСˣ
·һʱ򣬶
òԣסӣ漲۵Ѿ嵽ǰںڣ̤ѩΣʱ̱ʿգǰ̧˻

ûײϣ½[֮ƥѾܾҲӱ㷭ˡ
ҵԴײ˳ϣ⧲лѡ
һССαӳ˳
ͷǸӡ

½[ûˣֻͻȻ˦˳ڵϹ˺ԶԴͷεġ
ʱкܴܴӰס
½[̧֣ͷ

ڵϵС˵Ǹʵ̫ˡ̫סˡ
½[̧ͷȥ˼һɫӰӡֻӰһ˫رڵ۾ͷ
½[˸

Ǳ˵ա
½[Ϊʲô䡣
ССͣܵˣȴʲôɱ⡣
Ҳףӽ£/գԺ˾͸ҷɱˡ






201.   201    

201 

ݼµǰ, ڲӰݡ
ЩˣӰݵʱȻԽ, Ȼ̡
ˡ

һϰڽǰˡ
Ҳûôİޥˡ
ޥ֪ģһˡ

ߴӻʵۺ͸ߵȼĹԱӽ, Ȼܼ򵥵ǧͨ˵ӽˡ, Զţͻˡ
ܽޥԱ, ʼն˹ܼɵļԺ
ţ

ɱ½[ʱ򣬾Գ֡
Ժɱ˵ֶǧǧ, ҪԳɱ˵ʱҪʹʲôͶˮ֮ίֶΡ
ȨƾǿԵɱ, ȴ

·ѾˣϴѪˮˮͰ׼ˡ
һڶ, ˼ʧ
ޥʲôĽͿԸʲôİ汾

ޥ֪Ǹ, վۼһḶ֪́ĵ¶Щʲô, 벻Ļͨ˵ĻжԶ
ޥ֪׻ֻǶ˵֪

ޥյߵʱ, ʵޥԸ⽫½[½Լߣ⺢Ϊ
ɵۿһССӰӳʱ, С첲Сȣᷭ𣬻ͷǸᶯСʱŸܵ˷Ķ⺢ӵ

½ȴ½[
½[ԶʧȥʵֵĴڡ
ĵڵĺɫ
ɱǿССӶܸܵĳ̶ȡ

Ȼ½[̧֣ͷ
һ˫
һФĸףɡ



ȵϣСȣǡ
ǳˣ̰մǷ۵ָ
Ųߺߡ

Щ̵ļǻСղصıءǰ
ȥļͷкȥ½[ϣյƤ͸
軳ɣ½[󣬾Ǹˡ
֣½[Ϥüۡĵļ̵½[Ƥۣ½[߬ס䣬ֱס

Ƿ̬
ǰĺˣĿдžһЦݣ½[Ȼо־塣
־һۿĸߴ󡢺¡סļʹɱ۾
С˵ȴֱ

½[˻
ҵͷӳǰĺǣʱһС
Ȼ֪Լڵ½˸ոȻ־˵
ؿǸɫ۵ˣ½˻

½[ҵģ衱
ҵĲҶΪٻ˼ҵ裬ھѾ˴꣬ԼأȻ֪źɫ֯۵˭
½ĳˡ˵ȥ½ɸ
ҵĴס

½ɷڼŭ[[ţû뵽ȵ˼Ժ󾪡
ɷȥŵֵȥˣֻⱾóŵĸˣֻԵԺȥӭ
ҲǵһμͬھǣܻżֻһֱԶԶģδô

վǸߴһǱˡǸˣҲŮ͵Ŷ࿴۵Ӣɾ
ֻϧ
½ɷһۿбŵĭ[[⻭ΥͣԺ˹ܼɵĻﱧ½ϵŮ
һ[[

½[ͷҲĸ
½[Ȼڻֱϣû񱻸ױʱڶԷϡС־Ż½ֱһֱֱģʹԼͻ屣־롣
½ɷˣŷſ֣ſֱۡ

½ɷæȥֽӡ
½[½ɷˡ
·ϳײ½¡
½ɷ˵ʲôأֻܵлͷˡ
ͷ½[ͷˡ

½ҵһҵļһϸںˡ
½ɷô¡
ҵĵڳֻͻȻͷˡһǼԺˡոߵʱ򣬻޳Ǯ
½ɷ˲ⱧԹͷʲôǣҺûǭ[[
ҵĵÿǵĳߵ

½[ϻЩƤĵطΪСӾһֱޡ
½ɷ۵òУŮСĵΪ½[˿ڣָ½[˸ɾѣڻο

Ǹ˸˵ʲôˣ
½[ڼôƺ
½ɷˣ
½[˵
ʲôɵ⣬½ɷĪ

ҹޥӵԣĦĺ󾱡
ޥҪӡ
ѽޥȥñ

һ˵ǡ
İ䲻ĳһϡ˺ӣЩջмһƴЩӣúøǳ
İֻܸԼĺӡ

ⶼϲʱĹĶ
ҪԼĹѪŮ˾ʮ»̥һѪһԼϷѪ˲ͬǣ

ҲҪԵĺӡ
Ҫһ½[ĺӡ
һ˫Ƶ۾ĺÿ
뻯

ޥ֪̬ıɽ۽ı仯Ҳ֪½[һߡ
ڻг˯ȥ
˯һֱܸоָС¸͸Ƥ

½½ɢ̸ֵʱ
½пòʧΪһֶΡ
½ͬ
ֶվֶֻΣϲ̨Ķ

ʵʹ¹Ϊù⡢Թ£ȻԹʱ¹ٳȥһɱ֮ջҪ죬̻ʵӢ
ǵֶΣֶʩʱµֱӺǻ¹ٵרȨȨ

ֶΣĻʵ۶á۵ǻʱ仹̣Ѿһ
˳ʱڣ֪Ȩ˳˻ʵ۵

ҷܹʢҲɾ޴󸺵£аꡣ
£ѾǺüλʵۺ೼ӵδ֮־
ֻ̫ѡ

ʵǳҵѪֵǷַԼʱԹֺõطռˣܸǸķء
ֶһʱùӴ֧ϵҲı䲻ѭȦ

½־ǴƶϽ⣬Ӹϸıҵķַƶȡ
ֻ¶Ҳĳһֻǡ־򡱡
Ҫȵʸȥҵöʮ֮󣬵˸˵

ⳡ̸һȷ½˵ˡ
ʵԼֶκܺá
ͷȵߣϣܽģʽάּȥ

ԻǶԳףȴҷޣʵΡңЩѪѾԶԷˡ
Ҫ˵࣬ѾϢ
Զ֧Ѿʵ뷨ˡ
򵥵ǡ

ͨĬɡʵ˵ֻͷ
ֵ£Ѿ
̧ͷ

ʮʵ˵ȥ
Ҳ£ҸʮѾ̸ˡʮ˵һͬʡ
ӹɡ

ʮ£ʵȷ⣬ϵŮΪ
Ʒ嵱ʺѡƳŮӶ˹Уһͬʵط˹ˡ
ʼأں󹬰۳裬ӡ

ʮӹŲ
ҵ֧Ѿʮ겻ˣרľӪɽԺ֧ھΪ١ʮŲ˵ĸۡбޡ
ݱ׼ˣæýŴס

ʮԼС
С˺Ҿ͹ˡ
ʵڴᣬԺˬ
ʮˡ

СʵǸˣŮ˺˶ͦõģҲʮֶŮ˼
룬Ҳ
Ҳϣ˳۷ʱ̡

ҿ̸
ʮݸѧʲôԼ֪ԼǿװҲȤ
Сͷ

ôʱ򣬡һ룬ʺôģһµĳһôλġ
еĿһȥ
һ룬С㵭صϻʿ޵ģ

ʮЦʧ
ãȥ򳤽񣬶ͷҪ齼΢л㡣

Сá
˵Ů£
ˡ




202.   202    

202 

˴ʱ, ݺݵطүһͨ
˵ʲôʺʺ˵÷·ʺѾۼҵһҺûѷƷͽȥ
ƷһԼļΪʺѡͽѧŮӶʵˡ˭ǱŻʺλȥ, أ

ĵŮ檸
˵ʲô檹󣬻ʵ۵һ檸οŮǻ, Ī˵ɶ, ֻǹˡ
ȻҶһʼĵλΪ˸ԺļӶռ
Ǹģȥ, Ҷ˿޵øʲôƵġԼýŮӣӴﰾӡŪŵˡ

ʱ˿, ң
ƷԼС½̽ǰధº游Ķ, 游İ壬ȥ½̽ڷ硣
½ȥ˼ҿɲֹһҡҶȥˡ
, ½ѡ˷Ʒƣ
˵СΪˣԼ뷿ˡ

ͱ˼һԱȣ˾;ؿͨ
һͨ, үڨڨأڿ, Ǻ¡
ȻǺ£бõ𣡡Ц
Ů̽ɣžھ, ︻Ƕӣشӡӿʼһ
οŮÿ

ʲôв, ŮԴһЩҲŶʮ塣ʢ꣬ѾȥɬĽ׶Σֶûʡ
һǼиŮܱиǿٱͻС졣
ŮҴꣿúõؽúõطˣ˿ŮĽȡ

ԽԽġ
С½̽ҪһТʱֻ˿ͷԼѾʼ׼ˡ
Ʒƶˣרڼﱸޡ
ѾͷȸԾϲ겻֪д˶ʫǿֶ͸ֽˡ

½
ϵİ½˵¶úˣƤˮõƤ
װ̧ȥ鷿үĿ
½һ£Ȼõģͷȥȥɡ
үطˣԵĺȵõģҪõԺ͡
ϵӦˡǡ̧Ժȥˡ

鷿ָ˰½һɫ粻
õµ֪ۡʤʱͷʤʱûϵһֱΪʤʱúõ˳¸ء
ôأ
Ȼʤʱԭͽݵ̰Ӱ޹أȥֺûˣôأ

½Ū¶¶ˡ
һ·׷Ҳû׷ϣȥתһȦҲû¶ӰӣֻϵĴֶӻǱ߰ò¶ӱҲˡ
½һġ

ͻȻ¼Ҿͷˣ
ԺǸܵȥˣ¼ҷ˰
½Ϊʲô֪أΪ˸ô½ϵˣ¼ҡ

½кܲõĸо
ʼ֪ʤʱĴ˭Ƚ˳ȥ
˼Ժʹ֪ʤʱҪֺõ˾Ȼǻ
治֪ʲôʱϣòǿȡᡣ⣬ߴ½ϵˣĨ˵Ĵڡ

ֻԺ̫⣬žð亹½ʸ֮Ķˡ
һŮɫϵʮ֮ã⣬˵ڴʼĥŮˡ¹ʱõģʷصľкüġ
ϱУԼǱŪȥĥˡ

ֻ⣬ʿ֮ҵޣ֪𹫷ߡҲԸ£ʽɨ˸β
Ӵû½ϣڻĴϱˣҲֻǸ֮Ů
½⡣

ȥݸ¼ҳ½ˡ
˴Ҫ£¼ҡ˼ϡĪǻţ˻ĳ谮ɣ
Ҳûܽµˡ

뵽ܣ½һʱɶͷ亹
Ҳ˻ĳ裬ֱ
ҪȻʤʱôأ͸˻˺˰
ԽԽǿܡŮ˵ͷ˺ã֪Ի¹ǲҲһá

½룬ʤʱȻˣҲǾ治Ҫ¼Ҷѡ
˵סϣ½[½ء
½ΪȻǰϱӴ࣬Ҳ֪ˣĸ˵ġ
ô룬̤ʵ˺ܶࡣ

룬½ȥԺ
Ժ׳ţϽ
½ϷĴμ䣬ѬϣյʢŵǸеĶ٣ˮ飬š
½ϰţ˸¡

½˸ٳ˳⣺ˮͦõģҲԵ㡣ҷԸˣõĸ㡣ҪǸҵ㣬ҰǵƤ
˶٣ֵð㣬Ѿˡ鷿Ѿͷڶˣٲ˸ð㡣½ңǵûص˼ҡ

ʮᡣ
ҲӢʹˣҲǸӢзǵˡ
ԺѾ߻ˣ֪öģ˶ˡѾ߶ǺģŘүϸĻຼ͸ˡ

¼ңѾûˡ½˵
½Ҳ֪Լôðôһ䡣û˵Ļֻ½һֱ·𿴲Ƶģĵ׾һĪĶ⣬Ϲðˣ׸嶼û

Ȼ½˵ļͷ˲
½ǹĪĿС
ŵҲֲñˣǵٻģԿãһץһ׼¶⣬Ҳδ죬Ǳһ飬ۡ

ȻȻأؾʹ˵˳Ϊ˴̽ǸŮ˵ݺݵشʹ
¼ҵ˶߽ˣŮ˴ˡ
Ժݣûʲô¼ˡ
Ҳͣˣˡ

ú尡һֱдءڱ̣ģҪչ˭[[ġЦ˵Ҫúã꣬ȥĻһȡϵŮ
ǰҸȢ˸Ů㲻ˡһΣԼѡģְҡŵԣŹǸŮһأܸø˰ɡ

½΢΢ļ½һԵãǰϵ˳豨ĽǶûˡ
úϢص̫ˡˣ
ǹ𣬸֣Ȼ뿪Ϸ

½˼򶶶
̼ǵ꣬СԲ˵һϡ
ڶϱ衣
Ųյ˴һɫѡ
ӴˣӣӴˣޥ˷
ʱϲȻ

½סʪ
Ҫӡ
ޥ
ʶʡ
ֻʲ

ǵʮ£Ѿˡ
ȥ߰ɡ
ޥתͷĿܾ

ԶպȼԶơ
ʵµף[[š
ףûңޥ졣

½[ΪТĴ͡Ŷ½ɸȥ밲
ÿΣޥǰڳţۡ
ҿġ

ޥе󣬲Ϊûи½[ţҲΪʲôʱ򲻽С½ĿڽС[[ˣ
û㣬Ϊ죬ȥɱˡ

Ȼ͡
ޥָֻ






203.   203    

203 

ޥָ, ¡
ûɱΪ㡣˵

ޥ۾ָⶼڷ
ָ, ŵûͬ⣬½[
漴ʵ߹Ǹʲôˡ
Ҳŵţɱ, Ȼתͷɱ
Ҳ߹֪Ǹʲôģôɵġ

ޥ, Լ̫ˡ
棬ԵڹȥЩƽϲֵ˹ð, ͻ档
ӣĹ̫ˡķʹ, ȻҲɷ˯ӡոū澡

½ͳһͲӦ, ôڻأ
ΪǹˣԸõ, ĺãͷΣһŮ, ܲأ

֪еǸ硣
֪, ߵ죬ǲ̤Ѫ
ʼգǸһɴ, һʣá

ޥͷȥ
ؿ£³һ, Ȼ̧ͷ΢Цȥ·ȥһߡ

߹ȥ§סͷԼļϣ֪ҪĲ
ޥҪʲôģԺ˵ĻҶ
ҧޥ
ޥŮһúġ

㣬ڰγذһ
ޥǺ޲һ㣬ҵذ׷˷ΪԼòġ

ҴӼ޸㣬úõӣúõظӡҲˣҪҡ
ӣкúùӡ
ޥɱҲ
ɱȻ֪ɱ

ǣɵˡޥȻа취ңһúúõġû˭[[ҾͿԲںҿԲ£ҿ߳ȥƣھУ޼ɵ
Ҿ
ޥﵽǿ໹֣㲻ں
ںͲɱҼûɱɱס

ޥ
£һΣҾˣ߬סĽڣҧһΣңݣ
㷲¶ó̬ȣҾͺܻϲ
ޥһҧϡ
Ѫ

Ҳۡ
ҲУͱһҲСֻߣӣС
춼²ժҶԡḧͷסˣ˭ϳΪļ仰ǵ
˵Ҳں㣬ֺںң˵ΪҰߡֿҵĸܡ

ˣҲö˽һ¡
ҿԸ㣬Ҿᶯˣһó㣬¼ңҵֵܡ
ңһġ½Եĺӡ

ޥɿݡ
ϵѪ
ޥĴմѪĶ
ΪǸ˵ˡҲףˣǷ£·Կɱİɣ
ǡߵ졣

ḧޥĺ󾱣ͷȥȥմŵѪ
ã벻ʱɱҪˡ
ޥȻЦЦ

ǼװᣬĵЦЦ
ֻЦ
ƶصһ죬Ҳɱҡ
˼صǲܡ
ޥЦˡ

һֱޥ͸͸ģΨޥһЦ
ü
ޥƿֱۣתȥ

½[ٴγȥ½ɷ밲ȥʱޥڽֱߵĳ￴˿
½[Ŵ˸ǰͬˡ
ǰҵģĸѾߣСˣ

֮⣬ĸһޥϤ
ȻԻײ½[½Զ½[ߵ˵
ȿɿǿԭѾܹ½ߵĻ֮µġ½[
ޥ³

ǵֿʼ˳ˣһûˡ
ֻҲʼ衣ǰǳʱѹסٶȣСĲײˡ
ѹٶˣûײ˻̯ܹǲ̫һˡ
һ㣬ŵıֱۡ
ж˵ǵ
Ƿڻϳµıǻˡ

ʮµףСܲˡ
ʲôأʻ
նˡ
һһաﻹûйա
һ÷ɩɩҲвˣŪСʮԹ

Ҹ˵ɱǺӡ
СĬãͷŷ̾Ϣ
˶˵ǷӡǸãҶǸѧġ

ʵɱûɱʣĪʧǣ
֪ʲôˡܰɱʲôӡ
С̰ĵûˡ

ĬܾãȻСһǲǻǸиӣ
Сԡӡֶ뷨׵ȷǻкӵġȥ㱧ҪкŮǶҪ

ֻҪĺӣ
С̾ȥ½ŪֻɩɩҪϾǣȲ½ҡ
ȴҲҪ½Եĺӡ

½[ȷޥͬʱҲҲ½ԡ
½ԡ̫ˣ˺Բˡ
ޥߣʱʱޥ½˵Ĵڡ

һأС˵ˡ
ãԺûְļҿ
Сʣϣ
ǵ¡

СʵںСѧľźˣ䲻ˣȴҲŮˣûִ
ʵ䣬ҪҪػģֻϸǡˡŮӡ
򵥵ؽҡ

ģѾߡӡŮˡϷӡ϶ǡˡǿǲƲƷ㲻ϡˡ
ǿԱŪͣΪĹ߷
ǶǵҪ࣬Ƿӡ

СǶԲںɩɩأ
ĬãҺúø˵
Сĵ»Сúá˵ģ

ϣУ³ٶ£ϵʮһ£һˡ
ޥӡ
ʮһŵĽǶˮʪȻ
ޥϴ裬ڴϣĨࡣ
ͣ
ǣ

סĽš
ޥ㶼ĽŴδ⣬ѩ
ĦҸҸˡ
ָɾƯʵҲáĺ㣬ĺӣҵĺӡ

ֻѳȥסףĴָ˰ȥ
û̧ۿֻĽţƽ
ˣ
šһ

ޥãġ
̧ͷ
ۣȴ¶Ц
һĨЦ
ΪʲôĿڽ硱
е

һգҹĻ
ϣޥڻУŻ֣һ
ۿ˻Ļ
ĸ硭

ͷˣ߽
۽һỬ䡣
Ĩȥͷ
һ۾͹ȥˡܿ졣

ᱧһֱڴϣף£ͷ
ޥκ죬۾Ľë˰꣬ѻͷϣʤա

ſŲͣ˷С
еʧվ߳β
һվڷУЩźͲ֪롣
ǧѡˡ

øɾƯüмФ
Σ
˹ȥ߳ҡ

ͷֱð亹£ȥ
ƿ߽βķˡ
ƣ£˯
ضˡ
ֱֱ¡






204.   204    

204 

û뿪, վ˘⡣
ӵºڣˣȻе㲻ʱˡ
Щ꣬ʵ̫ˡ

һ·, ܶЩӰ콭ɽ𢡣
δԥڹ
룬һΣҲڡ
Ѿӵвռ, ֻһӣһжˡ

ֻ޷ܸС
ͷȥ, ĿͶڵذϣԺֵ︡ǳģ
ܶ, طʱת, һ»Ĺâ
Ǽе

΢Ц
ˤڵϷ, ۾й⡣
̾ǸˣǸִ֣ĸ, ǻؼҰɡ

Ϊ˼£ڸĸǰ˲裬ߵͷ
Ī
һνʱ, ૵غĸ硭
߰գ˽ĻϢ
, ֻһˣʱϧ

˭أ
һֱ
۾
ĸ磬ôˡ, ҳˡ
ɵͬµʱǡ硱ᣬĨЦ

Ȼ۾
ղ, ȥʱ߽ǡ
ĸ硣

ԣ
İమ
ˮ齻ʱʮָۡ
ѻķ˿䣬͵ૡ
Щʱ̣ĸ硣

ޥʶػ֡
Ȼ֮䣬סһ
ͻȻޥһĨЦ
ޥ

Уޥһ
껹ڽ
һߵᣬһ߽ⶼ˵СĴᡣ
ԽżԽֶԽǽⲻ

ͣڴϿޡ
ԼܲСʵϣһ߿ţһ߿־ţһ߻ʯġ
Ѿû·ˡ

£ɲɣ
Ӧ룬ʵϣĶµʱѾעҪˡ
ŵಹ³֮󣬶
ɣͰˡ

˿ˡ
žκ죬
룬
Ĩɾѹ

бһֻ֡
סĺ
Ӧǡһˡ
ʬ屻ס˦´ڽ̤ϣ䵽˵ذϡ


СŲҴ߽Ϸҵʱֻϵʬ塣
ʴţڴϵΣбޥ
СܵܣԺ졣׼ױĸ׺

˵ⶼҴӦġ
С˿ʬ壬̧ͷʡ
ʣûأôӶţ

û
Сûˣ
ãﴫ
šҺˡ

Сѵиڵ¡
ôţʣٻˣǡ
Ҫˡˡ

ҪˣҺҺޥúùӡ
ȻӹҲ̫ǰɡСͷŷ̾
˵

ʬϳȥˡ
þóĬ
ޥԼĿڣرס

Ϥޱȣ
ղŴʱ򣬿СѹϡǶ·֪û£ǾҪըƵġ

Ľʱˣ
ʱˡ
ûͿˡ
Ϳˣ

Ϳˡ
һֱ֪ЦݵģǼе
Ǵ½ߵޥ
ٲ£֪η
ʲôˣԸԸӣԸǣޥ

۾
ϡ
·˯Уֿˡ
ɻĸ磿
ˣǷ񻹿ϧ



Ѿޥ۾
ʹͷԻͷʹãʶãΪʲôŻ֣һһĺȾơ

෭
ͷϵյġ
ϸᡣ
£е£úõġ
Ҳûĸо

Ȼ˻ˣ
ɤơ
ޥվÿӡ
Բԣ̧ۿ

ޥʣ³𣿡
ûС
ޥʣô£
ͷĬã̧ۣҪˡ

ޥ˵ң˺úùӰɡ
ޥһ硭ѽ

춼ǿɬ
㡭㡭

ޥЦЦ
񿴵װˣޥһĨЦԭȫΡ

ޥתȥСһ߳
һֱúùӡ˵㲻ѽ
ڿ˵Ҫ뿪㣬ʵҪģͲҡ

ޥ֡
֡
һޣǸС

˵꣬ǣһֱǰߣ绹ڹȥޥصҪģģңΪ
ʵҲ˽ǵǧߵֻΪ˵һɵСӡ

ټңҲΪҴ˸÷ǹʵΪұеģΪǸ԰ɣ
Ĭسˡ

ޥͷ
СԼ١ܣ˻еֳʰ˵أǸˡһŮӡ㲻֪䣬ŮжٵҪûʰ
Ҳʵ֣ˡ

˵㲻ϡ㲻ҹӡ
ޥ˵ţ޾ݺϣ촷ۡ
ףҪģֻһ

ָڡʧȥ֮ǰ
һδޡ
Ȣδޣռ塣
£ˡʱġ

ʵһ̫̰ĵˡ̰͵ٶ̫¡
½[ȻʶġǷȱҪһ
Ӹһӡ
û壬ġ
ˣܸӵеܷ·ûСʧȥһֱ

סޥ䡣
ҴˡҲҪˡúùӡ
ޥʣǸأ
Զټ

ޥʣ𣿡
û㡣
ȻҲȥԶǰޥϣҲģ̫ˡôô

Ҵˡסſޥԭҡ
ޥͷͷû˵
ޥҲʧȥ㣬˵㣬ڵ㣬ǰ㡣Ҳǿˣԭҡ

Ϊ˴Ŀģʲô˵
Ȼ˵ޥҡ
ޥεЦˡ
ǿ˲ʸˡ˵ûʸ㡣

ɴǰﶼϧǵͷ
ǰʪ½
ģĲû㡣

ޥͷʹһˣ½ԣǶһĺʲô壿
ֻݡ
ġ
ꡣ

ޥȥ֡
յøϷſ
֪ޥϧŪˡ
ܷſˡ

ⲻõģڻе
ʵģߣӵʮָ۵ޥ
ӡ
ݹأϵϵӡ

ޥ뿪ңҲɱ½[
ޥһָ˵Ļţ𣿡
ҧ뿪ңұɱ½[
ޥŻ˵Ļ

ֻ뿪ȥģ䣬ȥĵطɣ΢ӣҲҪȥϴˣſ
ɻȻϷſ
ᶼɲլӣɻãֻҪһɿ֣Ҫȥˡ

ޥŮ̫ףûŮ㲻ضڡ½һƷȥӴޣ취ǾԶ뾩ǡ

©Ҳûϵ˭˭㣬ֻܸ˵
̧ͷ
϶Ҷȥ㣬̫¡

Ǹҵ𣿡ޥʡ
ǣҵϣҲ㣬Ҳˡ
ǾͲʲôŮޥ֪ҷȨƣֻССŮӣϵĻ̫١ҪԻ衣

ӣҵľġ
ޥá
ְ䣺ޥԺǺúùӡ
ޥá
ޥǻҡĸ硯ɺã
ޥá

á
£˹ܼɵļԺˡ
˭ֹʱ˭ܸıȥ
ȥˡ
ޥĸԺúùӡ

ޥֻͷŻʶıûж
ļ¡






205.   205    ټ

205 

ʮ, ûˡ
æýŴףʵ۷ˡ
ڿҿһ꣬ۿŵ, ܵɿɿ졣

ʵСݡ
СȻܶǰ뿪ʵ۵鷿ˣһֱе۳裬ʵһֱϲݡ
йܵĹϵ, ʮεˣ˵˵˽Իʵ˵, ʮַɡ

Щ죬ʵע⵽һ¡
ô£, ôֲЦأ
ȻʼЦʱͦ㤵ģվЦŸÿ, Ÿĵģرǻֳúÿˡ
ȻֲЦ, һ˴ǰģ

СƮ
ʵ۸òУһ, ̾˵۾
ã۾ˡ
Сɩɩ̫á

ʵ˵ô˵ͦõģ, ŴԵģ
첻ҵô£ԺҲðѿץһץˡ
㡣С, ϹڣȻɩˡ

ϹڡֲǾԻǸж
ʵĿ⾼˵㣡
͡С, Ҹɩɩӡ
ʵۣ

ʵ۳Ĭһʣô
Сɩɩ˸ˡ
ʵ۷𣿡
ȻûɡС᲻á

ʵˣǸˮ, ˰ɣ
С£Ůˣ֧֧а
֧ˡʵֻáεıˣҽĲ
СڣʵҲá

ͦõģġɩɩ֮һֱͦõġǵ
̰ġʵ۵˶õ˾Ҫ࣬ûֹġֻûǸ¡

ʵ۵Ȳ˻ʺûʺɩɩٽҵ
СͷۣûʲôƵģһŮˡ
Ц㲻Цʵϲ̣Ů˼ҵơ

ݱæµڽУʮ˴۵ĵڶλʺ
֮󣬱㿪ʼлʺְ𣬰ƷνӼ
ȴӳƷʼһƷƷƷ

Ʒȼ˭˭źӡ
ޥ½ԲڹﵱֵǽҲ£֪̾ͳߵҲһ·Ҳһ
ޥ㰲žͺá

ޥھһ꣬δ½
ճй䣬Ŷ峿
½һ½ȥԺȥޥѡϳųǡ·߹滮Ͳ
سǵʱ½ҪôڹҪôںԺڴϣҲ
Ագޥʵڼﲻȥ

㡣
˽һ죬Ȼޥ
ޥΪǻؿҪкܾáǵĳӳͨ裬û˼飬һֱ˹Ǻĵط³

Ƿ񱾾ǹҹܵġ͡
ŹǷģǻʵεˣŻȫ
ޥ˵ͷ

˳ͿһĪꡣ
ͷǸһ£С
ɩɩ
һ¹ٴЦ񣺡ܵ˫ɩɩ
ޥ񣺡˫
۾ﶼǺ棺Сɩɩ
ޥҲ񣺡

Щ˭ʲôԨԴޥ֪ǰ˵ġ
ϻʱ򣬻˵˻ʵۣ˫ͽøѧʿȥ顣һ˫鷿ڳݣߵڵλӡ
СС˫С/̳ġ
ҲбĻ¹¶ͷǼĹϵι
ޥҲ֪ǶҪǻӣЩ˵Ĺϵܲɷ֣϶Ҫһ

˫ʮ飬Ҫޥȥ
Сأ㡣
˫߻ȥܡ
СϰɣһȥˣЦ
СЦúܿġ

˫ǻʵ۸ǰı̫ࡣ̫ںܶʱ䵱Żʵ⳼֮乵ͨŦɺӣҲ
ǼԺļʹĶŻ֣ͿֹСҹ䡣
Сǻʵ۲Ǭ幬ļˡﰵ

Ǵ˵еˣˡ
˵һǿ̰ܰ
ݡϡŤȱȵȡ

ޥ֪Щġȴǰ֪ˣŤܵʲô̶ȡ
˲ͬǣҲܽ뿴һӡ
Цŭϲŭ֡Ҳǻˡ
Ŀǵɨ

˫С꣬׼ߣѣɩɩ¡
񾩳Ƕ֪ԭиɳҪëʲôʱ򶼴¡
ֻҪʺˣȴٴ󲻾ء

ޥժ
˫СۣЦˡ
СЦҶɩɩ
ޥͷ

Сһ·ޥſڡ
ҲԽȥʺ밲
ǶһݡȫΨһһƷĻ¹٣ܵûʺټȫܵƷھֻޥɷԲӵ󹬡
ޥ£ҵ¡
ֻõ㡣

С๧ޥȥˡ
תСҲûߣ첲ںʯϣڵء
еû¸𣿡ȥ߰ȥ
С죺±ģ

ʺͦġ
ȫǵ˶Ժķˣʺ󵽵ҲǸҲס
Ϊʺ󣬽Ӽһ̺˵ģ壬ǹ¡
ÿ֮ǰʺѾ˹ΣԷļԸص㣬ѾǰõСǺͺѹͨӶԷ룬㼸䣬޼䣬ͳͶˡ
ͨʺǰҲ϶е˵ֵ˵

ֻ˵С򵥵һ仰ϣٻŮ
Ҳϡ棬λȨأҲǸءҪ˼ҰŮ޸ΪȨҪˡ
ж࿴ԼأиĹ٣Ů޸ҽŭ⵽˿ʷ÷׮¡

ʺԭǱӲͷƤӴһλŮ뷨ϣɽԺﳤ󣬴СܾͶ˼ݼӢʿֻѡûӴֲ˼ҵĸˡ
ֻ룬ŮӣĴͬ

ʺȵ˻ʵ㣬ȥ׷ңȥΪ䣬㿴óǸҸ
ǰӼ
ᡣ֮ǰһȺ̫긾ˡᡣ

˵˻Сӷˡ
ⶼ۴Ϲʵûߣһֱ档ʱ䣬˽ͨ
ʺһࡡ΢ЦˣҾͲˡ
ޥЩֻˡ

һ뿪ʵ۴Ӻˡ
ʺδأʺټɷˡ
ʵ۹Ц۸š
ʺ۸ʲô
ʵ۵ҪίҲֻίˡҿ᲻á
ޣһھҲ

ϳʮϵȷһֺû
ʵۻ͸¶Ϣʺע⵽ˡҪӡ
ĵĵ۳裬ʺǼˡ

ϵ֧ˣԶȨơ
ϾӪɽԺΪʿ֮ףʿ˼һȨơ
ʵȢŮȢȨơ

ֻأ˵ǾŮ𣿡
ʵҲǰҲء
ʺʣǾŮ𣿡
ʵ۵϶ǡ
ڵӾ˶ǰͷǸ˵δޡĵȷȷԷǸŮġ

̸·ǣŮҸģȫԤеľŮ
ʵ۲ʻˣʻʵ۱ˡʺʣһŮӣô˻ˣ
ʵ۵޵ġ
ԭˡʺǰͷһǼ޵òʲô˼ңع𣿡

ȣʵӣŵߣضˡ
Щ飬ȥˣϸʵ˵һǰ󹬣ͨáͯμǡ
ʺȻۣᡣʵѧʲ飬Ըָ㡣
ʺ΢΢һЦǣˮ㡣
ʵ۵ء
ɿȻ飬ظˡ

ޥŻʣû°ɣ
ޥʲô£ʺ㣬ɱң
۹۱Ǳǹġ

ޥ£߰ɡ

ҲҶ¡Ե˶û£ֻʺû취ġίˡ
ѻʺʲôˡޥŮйλ游򹫣ˣ԰Ǹ߽ҵŮǵ̸ˡ

ޥϡȻȻвİ֪֮С
תͷȥ
Ͼຼ½߰½ٷˡ

ޥǳʱ룬ʺ˲
ϵ֧ʮ½ġɽԺѧʱ£ġ

С㻹û뾩ھǹߡ
ڹõŮϰʺܷ㡣
ʺһй£˵ʲô⡯ʡ䲻֪ѧΣۿžǸŮӣ䵽ҡ

Сͱʣ֪Ҳţ¡ˣұܶܲĪմ
ʺ˵á
СҾؼҡ
ʺʣôˣǲң

ǡС˵£С½̽Ѿ£ֻΪûТûʼТҪ顣ʵأ뿴
ʺһ֣Ҳ뿴






206.   206    Ȣ

206 

ܿ췭, Ѿꡣ
½վǰ½
½½ܼҵĳӣϵĻ, δܼҵְ񣬲Ⱥ̷½½
ҳ϶ӹɵġڹȥһֱ½˵ء

½Ƹ͹, ҪһҲڡү˵꺲ֵĻЩ, 뺲עЩ
½ĵػش𣺡Ǿ, סۣǿຼܱȵ˵ġһӦꡣ

Ȼ½һ½½ҪʵЩ
νӦ꿪ԶԶ½ü
ֻ½Ҷ, ½һټĲҵ, ҪǮ࣬Ҳûൽ½ҹĵز˷, ½һӣͬˡ
ӱôûֵܸҲ, еĶġ

ĸôû½ʡ
½үԭ÷˹ֵģֻٷȥ֮, ʮ־뵡¡ү۷ˣر, ѾдүȥүͷȫȨүֵֺĻ¡
½ûʲô飬ֻ֪, ˣȥЪɡ

½鷿ûȥЪϢƽۡ
ƽͯд㡣ԼҲǸгˣµķŬ½ߵĵһˡ
½ƽۣھؿ󣿡

ƽſھǾǰ
½ҲǮ̫ˣʲôطˡ
ƽ۵ܶӦأˣǰһˡˣҪǧӡ
½ʣƽ۶ܶסƺ½˹֮󣬸ӴִһЩ

½ͷʣôѾͷСӣ
ƽ۵ھġ
½𱸣ҪˣдȥҪǡֲԶ
ƽ۵ﶼຼˣˮģо˵Ǳ˶࣬˵ĹٻЩ˾˵С־ûǸЩˣˡ

½ֵͷ
ԭ㱣ýģȥȴдŸǽȲҪ㶩ˣĪǻԪˣΪ͵ģһɡ
ƽۡ㡱һ粻ˡŵ·ˣٿء
½ȻЦСӣͷý
ƽЦ

½򣺡Уɡ·ְϣѾͷȻģúЪȥˡ
ƽ۵˰ɣúϴ裬˯һ
½ʣأҺþûˡ
ƽָˡ

½ˣƽϵЦʧתȥ鷿
½
ȻӺū澵£ҶԸȥˡƽ
½ˣ˵˹ˡ
ƽ۵ǡ
½ֵļѾͷҵ㣬ҳ֮ǰ
ƽ۹ǡ

½ѾˣĿڣԡӡˣʱ˵ϰ߳ƹְ
ƺһӻǸӣɸоǲһˡ
ֻƽڣ͸
ֲҪˣֲ뽫·˴ռ̫λӡ
һ£е㷡

½ȥˣÿ󡣲Ŷ£СӾʹųಲ
ӣ½һأ
һ¡·ӭ

½񳤸ˣ
ЦˣҶˣߣ
½ʮȵ§סôǻϰ߲ûຼû߽㣿
˵Ż۾

ǰٷͳʹ棬㷿ôˡ߼޸½½ͨ˵͵ͬǼҲ½һҳݡ
һҸ½¼Ҳʮ

ȻȻص밡߽㻹һûˡ
½ɿãڼҴء
úȴӰɡߡ

֪߽ǰǳΪ衢Ĺ衣ֻǰǹ½Ƽң߽Ǻʵֵġ
񣬹ˣ߽ûˣҪȢ·ˡ߽еѣܲʵ֣ÿ½ֲ֧֧ˡ

һ˳Էҿ¶ۼһͦȵġ
ҵĵǣںָǰġ
СӼ˲˵ֻǼǵãûˣԺǼҾҡ
󶼵ǿ϶ġ
Ҹ½ǰõˡ½ܼҵĶϱ
⾩ǵ½µŮЩ˸ñţǡ

ʱת۵£ҲůǶɫͷ׵Ĵ͵ȼѽڡ
ûŮ˲ϲȽڵġ

߽ϷĴμޥϣбͷ۾˯ˡ
μĴûкֻֽǶһһ͸ޥͷůůĹȷ˯š

ĿƬ̣Ų߹ȥȥ
ۿᴽߣѾܸоޥʱޥۡ
ĿƬ̡
򴽣վֱˣˣ

ջۣ֪ô˯ˡޥתͷֵ۾˿ɹ̫ɹˡ
ư£վˣţȥԷסգ̤̤ࡣ

ޥʣȥסգ
ҪŶգʰ׼
ȥסʮ£Էʮ
ô𣿡ޥǿеĺܶ࣬û
ࡣţھܹбԷլٶദֻʮȫϽˡ

ޥΡ
ﵽذĶǰƤʵݵ¡վӣ
ЦЦģ㲻̰治㻹ֵģ̰
ޥĿһϢ

üĿżЦɢȥÿࡣ
һʱ䣬ǺܰЦġǶʱ䣬ޥҲЦ
ֻõʱ飬ס

ĿͶޥ漴ƿĿ⡣
ʮ£̤࣬ȥ߱ǡޥ½³ȢףҲ㿪ҵ¡

С½̽һТϵŮﶩ˻¡
ʵ̸ˣ׼ĶѾ׼ˣͲһĳˡ½һТұһ񣬶»³

ǣ˵Ķԡ
ӻͳһֽݸޥ½
ע⵽֮ǰ£½[[[ޥͻ֮£½һЩ
֮һֱֻ½

ޥĿһַߣ
½һֱڲū澡С˺ͻԺǷ˽ȥ
ޥüھǲ𣿡
ǡ

ຼôͼĶŮûв£۰Ͱء
ޥֽû˵
ס֣Щ˰㿴½ʲô㶼֪˺Ҳ¡

ұͲ¡ޥŮӣ½Ҳļױ½Ȣ˭ֻҪѵģ֪úð󷢼ޣ
ȣʲô

סޥڻУͷһΣɱҡ
ޥû˵
ֻúúӣٲˡ
ޥǣұһֱںúùӡ
ǣҲá

³һþŮӡ
С½̽Ȣˡ
ʮױ½һ
Ǿ˵ڶοС½ۣ̽ǹ˫

Ƕӿӭ׶Ҫߵ·ϣĦΧۡʢڽʿνֵһ졣
½ڿϣĿɨȺ
ͷɣ£Ҷ뿴С½̽Цֻ

Ǻ۹ԶȥȺŮᣬгҭģĬġ
ȥȺɢˡĽŮҲɢˡ
һˣͷ棬ؤ޵

Ƕɢ֮·ߵĵϿޣһ
˲ɾúЦ˼Ҵ޵ĹһޣĽһ¡ˣźӣҲΪС½̽ޣɷ㰡

Ǹ˲ֻ޵ģˡ
·˿ȥȥ˵ᣬ㵲˼ҵˡһֱŶܣҲɿɿ졭
˵ţһǸ˱ڸ˺ͷ١
ֻȻɫ䣬һڵӣ
תҴˡ

Χƺʲôʼ۹⿴ˮĸˡ
ĨĨվһ׶ʧķ򣬽˽ٵӣת󲽵뿪ˡ
·ߵҲɢˡػأһ߹ѾǸղŵЩˡ

Щʱ·˴ǷһԲĸˡǾǸ˸еģֻո·Щ˲֪
ڽһͨҲûҵ

᲻Ǻֿˡ
ƽ۵ڳˣῴ
Ҳء
ȥĽˣȥĽң

Ͳ𣿡
ƽ˵˲
ǣ֮ǰ˵ڼҴءͷһ벻߽ͨôھǣ






207.   207    ū

207 

, ½𸴣½һ˿Σǰ⸰Ρ
ʱ˵ڶ̥, ûиȥɷ½ͨ湫ຼĴ󲮸½½, ܸɵˣ½ȥ˿⡣

, һк
½ܼȻһ˶ˣʵ, ԼҲǺūʹ澵ġ߶һСѾͷźţС˼ҵҲֻһҵˡ
Ϊһ, ܼ޽ܼҼ, ǵˡ

̫ã󲮸½ޥѻصຼʱ, ųûõ˶ˡ
ôˣ
ôˣ
ȥߵʱ򣬻úõģ

¾ȥ׷, 󲮸ĨĨ᣺Ƿ纮һֱ, ר˱Էٷͻ˼ԵĳӸ
߿޵ɵˣЩ۾޻

ٿһޥ, ½ˣڿͣһ£·һ, ʯңҲѹסˣѾˡ
Ҳţӿ粻סٷ˵Цģã
ûˡ

ɾӻùֻûɡ
ຼ½һЩ޷˵ûпɽˡ
Ҳã䲻½ͨûңǰȫǱٷˣʲôûˡ
½ܼҵĶϱ˸ǰ˼ңԺ֪ôء

֪ⶼǼ޵úãúá
ǣ½ͨһӶߺܺãǰáһûΪޥˣӡ
߸м㡣Ǿãⶼޥ

󲮸绹ޥ˵ٷ˲ͽҵĸġٷʱȵԼԼǷˣĲ£ǰ׼ˡ
½Ļһһ׵ģԲ˵ǴܼҵԤۡ

߰ϻûطҿһͿˡ
ŵģӡ
һ˺ãʲôȸӸʵڵģ
ޥ޵½ң˺͹үڶֱӸӣױ΢ٷ˳ˡ

ޥˣȥԼòǰ׼ӸԷԺʲôһ
߿޵ؿۡ
½ͨ˵ôޣˮûˡ
߾һιӣһ߿ޡ

ʵȱӡΪ½ӪټĲҵ綼½ǰãɷЩʮֺá˽Ӷ˲١
ޥһϻӣúõˣû

ʱ½̽ϢҲຼ
֪Ѿٿˡ͵͵ؿޡ
Ͳ£ޥͿʿˣɷ̽ɣ
ޥ֪ܲӺ½ףޥһˡ
޸нʿν֣ÿŮӶеΰܣÿٸŮʵΡ
ޥͲһ㣬źˣ

𣬱Ҳûˡ
ֿʼбЦޥûھ˵
ٷš仰߶Ʈȥüء
ģ룬ʫ֮ңôᡣ

Ȼ˵һұ򷢻ຼׯȥˡ
һ£ĸ裿
ĸ衣Ʋ죬Ǹ衣
ܱô˵ֻһ½յ޴Ѿͷ½լ͸衣

߾ʣΪʲô
˵˵ûź÷ˣŭү
һУޥ޵½ҾͶޥܺáޥƼңҵ͸Ȼ裬˴úܺá

߱㱧ŶСӣ˳ȥׯϿ衣
һڽΪׯͷׯϵĵũȻöˣŴֳ˺üӣǰȫûȡ˶û

ߣĿǳ
ޥ½ˣĬĬصᡣ
½ˣֻ岻̫ˡ
˵һȥո
ãТġ

ǰʣߣô
ߵҹĺܺá
ͷǾͺúùӰɡ
Ŀⶼ

ۿŵ쵽ˡߺТģŴһԷӡ
Լܵ˽ǰĴͣӶžɻƵһ֡á
ޥһϻӡһϻӺʵڣͨͨûлֱʹõӡ

Ǯȡϻӣӣʱ򣬷ѹ˶֮ǰ̫ܣû֡
ͳһűֽһ
ãã񼡣

Լ˵ԲҲһ˾Υ͵ĵط
ޥڼ֢ӸֲûԤϵġ֮ǰķ纮ԣô͵ҪиĵزˣڱԷʱĪǾѾԤԼ

Ǹʲôأ
½ͨһӣĵѾ½Ҵܼˡŷųȥ˸½ͨһ׼˸½Ҳ벻ġ
棬ôΪź򲻺÷ˣȥׯͷأ
½עˣһͷڷٲƵģϵƤԵͬ˺úܶࡣô岻ˣ
½ң׷ʲô

֮ǰЩ·ڶߡ
һ̽һš
ǸŮ
ô꣬ûߡ

ʫ֮ңľͲ̼Щϱĳ𣿡
˵ֱʱǷǳġĵ֮£Źźɷѡȥ衣
迴৵ؾˡ
ףǱߣһ飡

裬˵ʵ߱ʣ⵽ôˣǼҹôģ
ȴۺãߵֺ£ʣ㺢ӶˣͺúõعӾͳɣ
Ӳǰ˳ȥ顱ع˷š
ţҲֻ˵㿴ڡʣȥӣ

߰ţص˼ҧҧǶɷ˵һٷòס
ɷһŮܵˡû뵽ɷɫʱͱˡ
ʹ󲮸硢ɷ˺ܶ࣬Ƿ治ɫ˵ѵı£ͲԶ
ָⷢ㣬֪Щʲô

½ͨʲôҲ֪㲻Ҫ˼룡ٷǲʵģ
ÿһ䣬÷
߾ס½ʣ½ͨƿ
ٷôġ˵סǼңԶŵҵߣκһλߣ

ʱ½ҵҵˣޥĹ½½
߻
һ˯š

ڶˡ
ȻҪүߡңҵøҵĹߡ
ְ·Ÿޥġ
ǴС¼ңޥһ𳤴Ѿͷ
½ҵˣ¼ˡ
ޥ֪ʲôǰ½ǯơ
ˡ

Ҫôҵô¡ҧҪôԼȥȥ
޴һܣ½ͨŭˤųȥٻһֽǰҪôڼҺúôӹӣﲻȱԲȱ㴩Ҫôȥ⣬Զٻ
˵꣬תˡ

ֽһ顣
½ͨǶߵв
߿Ƕ
Ϊ˻һӣֻŹԼӡ

οòôѹôǿѾͷ޸˳ҲãҲõ½ͨĺأ
ĺӣޥġ

ץ飬Լһպá
½ͨٻ޲ˣΪˣ
Ůʲôأ·ûٷɽôӲ
͸ױһҪסߣҪɡû뵽Ƿˡ
ڱѹȥˣ½ͨˡ

½ͨû뵽ʱİΪȱһűĶ
·
Һﲻͬڱ˼½ܼҳҪȥѲ½ҲҵЩҵຼأܱߡ
Ĺٻ֮ң·ֶװ졣
ĵؽС鷿͵һ·

ʰ·ӣ˿ӡ
СѾˣͷȥĸ档
Сӱȥˡ

СӲŰ˾Ÿ£Żụ̂벻
߰ڱϣѶòӶǰ·ƿţ뿪ݵļҡ
ʱǴʮһ£Х
Ȼ߳˼ţĺӶ





208.   208    

208 

ˮϵ, ȥо˺ӡ
֪ޥȥ࣬ȥͷ, Ѱһʹ̸˼۸˶
ŴӣȴûʲôȥЩ
ͷСʳ̺С̯, תһȦձѬȵȡһתԼɷ½ͨżֱʹȥ

ձ䵽ϡ
, תߣͷջĲֿڶԶԶš
½ͨ˼, ȻʵǮһ
֪߱ˡ

½ͨ, ûдߡȻ֪Ҫȥȥ½ܼ֮, ½ܼ˺ӣֱȥˡ
ߵûϴ, ͷ˸޶죬Ѱһʹ
ۣûڿ´, ǰ˴½·ȥ

, ͷҲϳ
˿⣬½֪ͬ, ͵͵ȥǰźŶмҶʱ߱, ڵˡ
ȷҲǣ½ͨȵ⣬Լһ˵Ȱһ
ϱˣר

˺üգصһˡ
һϵϱӴСѾͷСȥ߸ϱڵſСѾͷȥ˾ʱӡ
Ȼ̧ͷ߰¹ͷĲ¶
Ӵ󾪡

СѾͷӸǮȥȥ
СѾͷ˵ȥˡ
ǴͻרŸһ跿˵

ôˣʡ
ӣ㡣ʣٷǲòף
Ӷסͷȥ
ã̧ͷû֪ġٷ˶ˣҲˡԼ

ʣˣ
ӵٷȥ󣬷˿һжãԴõĶõĶү岻ʱȥϷˡ
֪˿һжáӵֻǴӷ˵Ϸģ֪ⲻԣܲԡ

ǰӣү鷿ð˷ˡ֪ʲôӵ
ʣʲô
ӳĬƬ̣һ⡣

ſ죬޷
½ˣߵ֪ǸһŮӡԶԶģ߸ߵģʵģԶӺݣԶ߹
ЩĻH˸Ͳܵĸǰȥżһģ½۽Ƕһ£Ὣ˿۾
й͸ȥá
½ˣһ˶⣬˵˼顣
ķǡȡźʹأȥˣ

ӵͱүˣ÷Ժֻүطˣɡ׵ġ

½˸ޥϵжãǶ֪ġ
ޥǱ˺ģ½ˡ
ҧӣһٷǱ½Һˣͬͬ⣿
ֻû˵ʱ˵ʾĬϡ

һǷˡһ֪ô£׽סӵ󣬡ӣҪˣң
ҧãӦá

ڶϣ߽иջϰԼĵ½ĺȥ
ãҹǺźȻ֨ѽһˡ
߽˸

լԺȻҲǽյġţûа취
˵ˣԼ취
ҹɫУĿɿڴؿߣǽ/ǽ
ʶôˣӲ֪߻ᷭ/ǽ
ҲȷǣȥЩ½δʩչܵĻᡣ

½ڴ۾
ҹ޷˯˯ѡ
ȻĴΪԼˣ¡
ˣˣѹ˺

½ŽŲŵĵذϣ˭
˵ߡٷ޵ߡ
½˶˶٣˵˴ߣߣô

½򿪴ӣ½ӣ˿ӣǴֻܿһССķ졣
߰ſϣǹ￴һ
ˣס죬ء
ݳ

½Ҳյϣߣôˣʲô
ˣԼġߵҾʣٷǲǱ˺ģ
½

бµ˵Уʵÿ˶ȫòÿ˶ֻ֪Լ֪һ֡
½֪˻֪ʤʱ֪ޥ״̬֪м仹
½֪ʤʱ֪үʤʱ֮ľֻ֪ͳޥİţ֪ܵȥ¼Ǳֽţȴ֪֪ޥȥͻĴڡ
ĵܵ½֪ĸ٣ֻ֪ٷȥ¼ҵ¡
ߵɷ½ֻ֪ͨٷòףҪ£סߡ

Ǹģʵ½ˡ
½½ϷµȤٵϢĥʹࡣ
֪ϢУֻл˵ĴʵģģǼٵġ
˭õһɷΪ˻ĥӵĿУȻԻѻƭء

㲻Ҫʡ½ͻȥȥ
˵һĻ촽򣺡˲ңҾ¼ȥ
¼ң½˵һʹ
½Ϊ¼Ѿ½Ӻˡ
¼Ѿûˡס¼ҡ

ʲôߴס¼ôˣ
½˳¼ҡѾûˡ
߾ˡ˵¼Ҷ½˸ղᵽһ˭
ֱ뵽½
˺͹ӶٷˡΨһһٷ˵ģֻ½ү

ٷˣһǱһﺦˣ
ֻһŮ̽
ߵ˺ɵʱļ򵥵˼ά߼Ҳó˼һĽۡ
Ͼɱ׵óľۡ

ҡҡ飬ȻʱѾ϶ˣڼǴ½˵Ŀеõˡʵ֤ܳ
¼Ҷûˣô죿
ҡ˵ȥҹӣ

˵꣬½ݵüǵִӴץסߵ֡
Ҫ˵ҪȥҼԡ
¹ڴϣ¶ֻ۾۾¶˿־塣
㲻ҪȥҼԣ촽¡

½ʲôأ
вͷ˺Ȼ˭
һݣ½˵֣תܡڹ¡˵ģҹѾͷҲҿֻץ
Ժˡ

£ˣԺ˻ӰŲӡ
½˹ڵϣְڴϣͷǽ档
ȥҼԡ
¡
ૡ
ޥﻹš
¡

Ժ½µߡ
߱Ͼٷ˵ѾͷԺЩ·
£½½˭֪ûܶסֵԺҲˡֻø½˵ˡ

½ʮջ𣺡϶ܲլӣѳ
½ŻԺʼլȻص˵ľסǵͬʱޥѾͷ÷㣬кƼļˡ
ûѵˡ

½㱨ɫʮ
ȥ׷϶ȥˡ
½󣺡ȥ𣿡
½ȴƶȥݣһǾǡܵȥ
ڸ½׼Ƹ벻½±㽻½Ӻ½ͨ

½ԼȥϷ
̨½˵ң½ڴµĵذϣͷŽš
æ̨ôڵϣС
ȥӲ½˱
½ڣּᡣ

½˷ŵϣ½ڴߣ°ʣ½ͨҵİɣ
½˵ֻһѾͷ
½̾ԭû붯¼ң¶ϹԭǵûôһѾͷ׷ܵ˵˵Щˣô£

½˲˵
½ʣ㶼˵ʲôˣ
½˲ش
½ĺˣҴ֪½Ѿ׽ˣҴʾ֪ˡ
½ᡣ

½΢΢ع
õƾʲôءҲຼĲſ
ƣһŮˣõƾʲôʲôණƵ
½ϲõģ
ḧ䣬˳ȥ
˴ţǶͷ˵
½룺˽ȥˣ̫ȫˡ
ԺԺӣϰɡ

ڶգ鷿˵˾ţȥһݣΪ
ʧȥӣ֮½谮鷿ѾͷѾͷȴˣõõһ⡣
½֪ŭѾͷˡ
˼룬˷˳

䳣鷿Ѿͷ˵ƽƽȵģ½⡣
ԣТģáȥɡ
︣˳ȥˡ

䣬ŶѾͷǶŷñͷ˳
⳵뿪½ȴûȥ£ڰ·Ϸָ·һ˵ȥһˡ
ǰûгɣƼ֮ɶˣһй䣬Ȼ
ͣſڣѾǽȥˡ

˵һӣһѾ߱ȥ˵̵ĺš
ǡѾߡ¹Ĳߡ
ʣĴ£ֻ㡭ΪʲôҪң

ҹŲ·ܵ˷
½ص˵ľסլҲɨһ飬ôϸ¡
ֻһ䡰ûмʲôɵˡһ䡰δȥˡ
ʵǶ½˵ǰٷ˵Ѿͷү檣ʵʲôӡ

Ҳû߶סͷû˵ΪʲôҪðհ
ҲΪ㣬Ϊ˷ˡ
޳Ѿʮˣ檣ڱ˼Ҫô˳ȥҪôˡ
½ô꣬ȴܰȵعӣܴĥΪү
Ϊзˡ






209.   209    Ů

209 

߻ؿջ˺, ȥ
¼ҾҲҲˡҵģֻ½
½ޥɷ򰡡

ͷ, ½ҵļҶ½·ٵҲ½ҵļҶ·ڡ
ءҺ, ͷԶԶ, ͷߡ
С·

ʱʮˣϹ, ·ϳˣοС·ϡ
ߴų, һ·ߡ
һСģߴ˷

һûгԶŵŮ, źӳԶţһ·Բ˵ˡ
ߴ˷, һ··ȻĿʶȥԶĵطسǣЩֻȥڴ塣
سôȥ, ָһŷġôȥǾãȻˡ

ͼֶ, ֻϲܼ߻Ϊ¼ҿܵĸԵΡ
߶ԼĴһ֪ʵϤ, ǰ¼ұﶼˣֻ꣬˵, ֻùͨʵѡ
ʮ꣬˰

С·Զȹٵߣ籮ʯ֮ģٵĲ·ڲУС·С
һ·ߴüη
ԭصٵȥ涨ʱȴײ½һˡ
ԭ½½ͨ뵽ߵ涨ȥҪá߲һͱץˡ
˸ɲݶ⿪·ס˺ӵ죬Ų˵ֻŵֱ

ûзһ׷һӣİˣΪãˡ
ֻʣһЩӺͷϵļΡ
ȵЩҲˣҲˣû취źӿʼһ·ţȥ

ڿʱҰС
ֻһУ
ֻι̵ʱͷ춯̧ۣеɮ´ŷһ
˯ʱ߰ѲƬͷ¡
һ·ΣգҲûбֻһϸƬ

ҹﾪѣйȻ
Ů·ϣ¡
Ҳ֪ʵСǵ֮ʱһӱܵ￴һĺˣ뺻ڣһͷ˺С
ЩҲҲģܻڷԡż޵ģӺбǿ
Ժ£źü·ʬ塣

߲Ůӡʵһ״ǳȭţֻЩ꣬ˡ
Уҧ˺еͷۣƬĲ
ӱѣ첻֪˺£¶
ߺ괭ţ϶Ѫ

侲Ӻ˼Ӵϣ·
ӣ·һسǣЩʳˣιӡ
ˣιǲеģøųԵ㶫

뺢ӳ֮󣬿ʼк
˴򣬰ǵþˣҩҩðżˣֻ಻ȥ
Сĺӣȥ
ΪʲôСزΪҽΡ

˼죬ӵ׻ûȹ
˼⸾Ŀֿͣģָׯȥǰ˰ɡ
Ҳָָ㣺һ˲úڼңʲôţ
Ŵʲôӣ
ǾͲóţ

ã߰Ѻְڱϣλվߡ
ѾǱسˣ뾩ѾԶˡ
ҪȥǣҪȥҹӡ
һ߱ȥĺӣλơ򾩳ȥ

ӿ⸮ǣԼʮյ·̡
һ·ϵߴ·ˣַʳӲ˾ǵʱ򣬾Ѿ·ݡ
˳ǣȥ̽ɡ

·˵Ҳ̽ɳ׵ģ
ףʲôף˭ף
̽ɰ·˵̽ɽҪɣѵôأȥ
·Ƕĳ·ӿȥ

ãȻظǵĽŲߡ
߿ʮױ
ְϺຼ½ϰжģź̾ͽŵԡ

߿ŸͷĹӡ
źôÿһޥ
ĹүҪ˵ɡ
ȶȥɢȥؿڣһֱ֧һйˡ
ߺޡ

ãĿУ˽ӡ
߰ɡ㣬Ҹׯ
ðѺˡ
ýˡ

ţ»һϣ
һʲôûˡ
ִȥˣԭһ嶼ûС
ŵֻǰߡ
ⳡˡ

½ѾǺֱޡ
֪ҪȢףʵ۴˸Ȥ׫
׫ʵҲǴƷٱְС
ԺǸĻԺЩˣͳƺ֡ĺǣλְСȴ߲޻Ҫ
ͬǺ֣һֺһõĴСȴرУȫĵ۳衣

ຼ½ְϵܶ˿ãΪС½̽ŵѡ
С½̽ĸΪ٣ĸ岻ãⳡ岮½֣ӯţ֡

ⳡУ½᷿ƽۻ
Ľ϶ˣʵûҵƽ۵
֪ˡ½𾪶ˣҡ

Ҫң
ƽԥһ£᲻Ǻֿˣ
Ҳῴ½ҿˡ
ǣƽ۵˵һ͸˵ͨɩڼҴӡ
½̧ۣһ˵ˣ
ƽ۰˵½Ļˡ
֪ˡ½½ȥˣҡӣ𾪶½

½ʲôˣеĹ¶ѡ
־ˡ֡
ƽ۰ͷøͣǡ

Ʒԡ˴£ķ
ֱ˿̣ڻǰͷһĻסߵĺɫ֮󣬿һĹӡ
⹫ӣķˡ
ƷƳճյЦ

ǷˣѾ͸¡
ԡҲŴ£վǰ
Ʒɬ
ʣˣ
ƷƵͿʮˡ
Ǿʮ塣

Ʒƽ
Ѿܹ˻ǰĽ̵֪ҹҪЩʲô
ֻڸôأѣȥѣ
ƷΪ˭ȶֵ¿š
룬ӣֳɹףֻɿأ
ɬشͷãȻķصʮ塭ԭС

ƷƵĻۣɷžھ䶼µļŮӣڹУӹ˿ʼాţҪһӡ
ƷƵļ֣Լһ
룬Ⱥ£ҡ

»գĸ׹½ңĸ㣬Ҫ
ƷƾȣɷֻǴƷھԶԽлʺĵز
ĸſЦ˭뿴С½̽ءҲء
˵Ļŵ⡣
ƷҲЦˣֽߣֿġ
һǷгúá

ƷϷһ˹
ʺֻһ㡣ãҪӵͼʼţֱ˻ʺ
ʺĽҴһ㡣ǸĲŮƷ̸䣬ͱ۷ˡ
ߣʺʹͣл

ˣʺ㣺Ρ
Сĸ֡
Ů




210.   210    

210 

ӹ, ûֱӻ½ңȻҡ
֮ǰŹˣֻʱʱ, ܿʲôá
ңϷ˺Χ, ѯ»

áƷ˵
Ϸʣ½Σ
رÿƷ˵һϲ

ʮֺ, ߵҲ˵ŴǰĴѾͷ
ÿ밲, Σÿ顣
Ǹرĺ, дģ

˵ʱĵЦԼŮ̬, Ϸ˺ҲġСأúŮڼ˼, һݼױ㡣
ǡĸĸ׷ġƷƱ֤ᶪĸĸ׵

̫̫֪ĸŮ϶л˵, 󷽵طȥˡ
˴ƷƻصԼԺѾͷ, 
ƷϷΣֻɬ
ģ˾ͷˡЦʹʹĺô, ͷ࣬ʲôҲˡ

ʷˡ
ƷƵû, Ҵˡûзˣ˵ǿļҲûУǰùģˡ
żò£ôã֡˽ĶҪϽҪġ

Ʒͷá
˵ˣͰ޺ĺϼֵܶȥ
Ʒ촽
һףŮӣ˭û׶ء

ŮɵƼģΪһˣھҲô󷽷ģ˿Цֻסñ˭Ҳȹȥӵ
Ʒֻͷ˵

֪̾Ů棬·һʱҲͲˡ
ת¡
֮󣬾ͶˡƷƵ½ʵġ
½ԺĶȸˡ
ۣôиˡ

ҲǴ壬ڶ࣬Ҳûּҡҵٺ»ҪУɹȡ
嶼ȻϽǸȻʵ䵽ÿһÿһͷϣͷֱˣҪ˵ûּңӹġ
Ͻĸ˽ƣʵϣ岮бµģǮֻүǵճȴֵûµǸƽﶼ̫̫˽
巿Ҳάָ档

ʱŮ빬һߵ̫ˡ
ҲеĺôƲֱȫġ
ֵڿ⣬ͷû˹㣬ܼ棬á
ÿûεɣҾ;òסôŵʺء϶ֻһʺô죿ҵʱ룬һǳˡô졣㿴ڣ֪ʲô˰ɡ
Ʒ۾ҴûΥһأҲڣ
οЦˡ

ƷƻصԼңʣҲûʲô¡
½ֻˣȷҲ١ֻ·ˣ˴͸òٳװˡ
ҲƷƳΪֵĵһ¡Ħȭƣô½ѾͷСǵװһģǰһ

˰ͷֻˣȥ鷿
ƷƵŶǲǻø鹦Σ
˵ǣѾȥˡ
ƷƵá

˸ߣ鷿Ǵ˹鷿÷
Ʒ΢ʧ䡣½ǰкģ鷿÷˵Ͳص
ʱֻ˼ϸ壬ġܵ
ʱкȻס鷿Ѿߣ÷
ѾߵҲ鷿÷
ƷƵŶ

ѾȥƷƵչ𼱣վüġ
ƷƵҲﻹСأ϶Ӧһ¡
ʵ۰أҲҪԴһЩ
ƷƵͷţ

ֻ֪꣬˵һ䣺ÿ
ǵó׵ڶף½[ͷĸסһ̧ͷƵģС˶Ƶġ˭ܲϲ

ĵܲÿڿЦԺģҲÿ
Ʒȴ˶٣ȻǰͷķˣӦǸˡ
½[ʮ½ȴҲв½ĵط½ĵطҲ
費ΪȻŻˣ˼޵½ȥүǸʲôˣƵģʲô˶ġ
ƷƵͷ

½ʱط
檣Ҳֻͨһ»ӣȻҪ޵Ϸ
Ʒ˯˯ø

»˼գƷŸ½½[Ľ֮£ۣ£罻檰ɡ
Ϊĸ뵣ԼŮĽ֮

½ҺôǸ̽˶飬ѵǿң
Ʒƾ鲻ô۵ģ⻰ȷˡĲѧȼнǺһЩʫûʮȥȡ
ǰЩ빬ｻ̸˼䣬ŵסˡ

½ͷˣæü¾ˣû»ȥĸý˵ȥȥˡ
ƷƵһ
˭ôɰͷûţҲͬǡ
Цˣţ

Ȼ˼ֻҡ
ˡӴһе㵣ģôڣү˵ʲôԭ˵ȥأû뵽ͻˡ
ƷƵ˵ʲôʱضУʾ
⣡
ŮдƶȣŮô֡

ֵգ½һʱ½[飬ͷͷһ÷[[һ÷
[[á
ҵһԣ̧۷ɿ½һִۣȥ

½һۣԭ[[˵Щ飬鵽ԭλȥ֪𣿡
[[˵˾䡰֪ѾȥϷ顣
ҵĸ½һҵġҵתͣ¡

ûˣ½ʣղ˵ʲô
ҵֻͷ
½ĸ׺ޥһѡˣ[[ԺҪи㣬ֻ˵

ҵŵΪƣʵ·˶׽׽
½Ĭ
ҵĵլ˹˲ôϸǵĸ˵á

½鷿·ԸȥԺƽۻꡣʲôģҪģȥ죬ԺˡҸ[[һʣԺĿ
ҵ̾һ֪۴ֻŮңŮҪѧĶÿˡ
½ֻĬ

ҵĵͣų߶˵࿴Ҫĸġ
½֪ˡ
Ծڴˣҵˡ

½ڷһϷȥ
ڳϣҪӦʵۣϹ٣ͬš
ڼҪչ˺ŮӦӡ
һ˾͵кܶ棬ÿһ涼ã㵽С

ϷĴμȴ˸ɫӡ
ƷЦŻ
½ȥʲô
װӡƷһͷ㿴üԽɺã

ʿ彲񵭣ȴивࡣ
ǿӴɫշӣʮֵĻ
½Ŀ⣬Ǻɫס
Ħã̧ͷҲüϲɫ
˵꣬кȻѻȸ

Ϊʲô˶
Ϊʲôû˵
Ϊʲô»Ŀд𾪣
½̧֣Լ
һֵˮ






211.   211    

211 

Ϊʲôˮ۾
Ϊʲôֹס
Ϊʲôĵ, ȫɬԣ

ϣ½Ȼ֪, ᡣֲû˿
ֻ½½ԡຼ½һĶӣŽ׳ڽ帻, ӱǿ, ǿˣƷ, ˼롣
У¶ܰ쵽, ׾ͿԵõ˵ϲͰĽǱرŴ
Լ, ½Ʊ˵ˣбûС¡
֪ζ

½ſ, રવ
ЩУֿɬ
½ɨˣĴ΢΢˶
мž, ˶ڵһ䡰۾ɳˡ
ȻҲûȵ

½ʲôû˵ֻЦЦ
һʧǵ, Ц
ݵתȥ

ãжû
û˵
û֪˵ʲôô˵
Ʒƻǿ, ãȻ

鷿Сͯͬǰƽۺꡣ
½լ߶ﶼǴġ
ֻ, ֲŽϷֳߡ
ϸϽϡ

ȴ½һ䣺ҡ
ϽŲͣ£ۿ½󲽵뿪ЩãȻ
ŵӺȻչţǲǿˣ
ϵɴ۾
Сŵ½䡣ղ½һʹߴ󲽹ȥû
ôܣ

ȵ˿ٵغˡ
¶ţ԰ԵĻľҲٵغˡ
һֱˮߣ˾ͷ·ߡ

½ʧҲʧȥ˿ƣ˵ϡ
ŵֻ
۾ˮ䡣

ޥޥ
ޥޥ
֡
ָؿٽ
ޥޥ

ң
ң
ҵ̽
Ҹھ
׼ӵٲֿ
մѸ㿴
Ҷˡ
ֻŸ㡣

½ͷűĶ
һ̰ˣˮ硣
ģԼ
һж


ԶԶأˮվƽ۵ԣؿ԰ٿƽۡ
ƽ۸硣ǡҪҪȥȰȰ
򲻰ȥԺƽۡ

ƽȴá
ϵļת߰ɡ
鷿·ϣϺƽ
ԭҲޡ
ʲôû塣
ƽ۵ûʲô

ƷƵ»ʮҸҸάһµʱ䣬ɷ½˵ĸڿ⣬һֱãʰһȥ⣬ҾТ
ƷƵʱͰˡ

ڶҡ
ֱɵۡ
ֻ½Ҫ˭ܾˡ
ĸأ˵ڿ⣬Զڸϣɷһ䡰ȥҾТӱܾˡ

ʣʲôˣ
Ʒƴӣô죿
ֻû˵һ½
½鷿գֻصϷޡ
ٻһɣ·ʲôûз
ƷƸûʡ
Ҷһյδ

˼ת
·޷¡
Ҷ˵үԼѡģҪȢȢˣȴϷϲ
үΣϷ˱˿߾Тһ۱߰ꡣֱүؾְ޲žۡ
ֻƣѵŮһѣɷŵǸżǡֻྴ

ֻ˼ҼҶſˣŮɷ
벻취ƷȥϷˣϷ취
ȴһͨѵ

ϱӾТԭʲô취Ϸ˳½֪ͬΪ٣ֻ½ȴҲû֪Ĳˣֲ١ģܲȥô
ֳƷƣԭǸȵģô׾ͽˡŲھǣС½̽ϧС㳣ңͷܣ滹úֶŮǴޣŮˣúֶŮǶԹ𣿡

ĸŮ̫̫ѵþ㶼ɫס
㶼Ѿˣ°ĸȥ˵²Ҫҡ̫̫С½̽ˣϽʰ춯ȥ̼ȥ
Ʒֻܵͷǡ

ֻʰˣ׼ȥ֮ǰ½ȴһġ
㳤Ǳߡϣĸܵȥûа취
ƷƳһͷá
½ЦЦ

ԳףǵһЦ
ƷƼرסģһ
½ıšһ

ƷƱС½̽ȥ˿̼ҵСϢֻЦ˴
ǹࡣ
ҲֲȡȡСұϾݲһҲŲʹң˼ɶࡣ
źЩַһ׾µķ۲ʲյƵˤ÷飬᣺ҾΪۣ
ѾŮֻͷҲҳ
ûݣУ

Ѿ
Сʯ߹Ȼ˽ʹʹ
С̧ͷۿ˿ʣôô߰

һˣСͲòƽӹǽҶѾСӡ
Сӵǻߡ
С
ʹСȴҾһ£ҽ㣬𣿡
Сֻ˵

Сӿɥ²ȥˡ
Сǵط͸о²ģȻ
šСȥ/ӡ

ʹʹСſ֦ʣ㻹ûشأҽ㻹𣿡
Сͷһء
Сʧˣѽ
СЦ㲻ˣ

СӵҪˣҪˣҾ̤ʵˡţҲ̤ʵء
СͷֻЦ
Сӵ/ôûе㶶ˡ
СЦˣʼ棬üʣûʲôҪ˵𣿡

СֵҪ˵ʲô
ҶûءС㲻취𣿡
СֱӾܾҲ󡣡
Сʣ㲻ںܲá
ûùСӵֻҪͦš
Сۣðɡ

/ӹСӲΡΡ˵أ˿
һȥˡ
Сȥ
Сÿɵӵ۹⿴ԺȥҰŵȥ𣿡

ʱޥδƻʣҶԺǸСҪôš
˶ģСѾͷҲͬڻԼѾͷ
Сʱ룬˵Ժȥ
ԺֽвԺЩջӻ͵ȵˡ

ұźô˵ׯȥġС˭֪Ϲء
Сӣ
ôСʡ
ѧ˿ػ𡣡Се㽾ѾջѾͷˣ
СʣԵôأ
Сӵ̾˿
滳ǰҶź򶼶Ǹʱ򰡣ʲôܳʲô

㿴ҪǿڣҲҵѾͷԵñԺõöࡣСû𣿡
ͦջء
С濼һ£źˡ

ǲ˵ġ˵
Сüô˵
С˵ԺĽ㶼֪ģˣ䲻ˡˣÿ졣

Ī裬ǮĹߣǮʱǮࡣ
Īūūеı̻ܽʲôǹأʲô³
ĪˣĪˣĪˣ
ˣÿ졣

֮ԺŮӿڿഫ
һǴǡ
ǳ˽㣬ٴǡ

С֮úܺá
ͷԭ
ȴһˣʵǿȥġ
ǵĿˡ
һǸŮӡ

СӵžǸӣΪʲôӣܵõʲô
Сˡ
ҾͿ˳۵ЩˣڿҪ˼֪ʲôǾ͸ýϵס






212.   212    Ҷ

212 

ޥû뵽, ڻһȫûİѾͷǰȡ
Ҷظһ֡
ǵŮӣĪسǰ, ððʧʧأ˵˼䲻Ļ
ʧˣѾͷ, Ѿͷֻŵ÷Ҵ
ӹ, ᣬҲûм֡ޥΪ, ˡ

Сͷڵϣ˾Ⱦҽ㣡Ըţ
ޥ˵Ҷʲôˣ
ȷ, ʹģ׿ڷ, ˵Ҷ檡ѾҲĪ⡣
С̧ͷǣԺӳġ


ޥ, ʣڸ
Сӵǡ
ޥʣ
С̧ۣ

ͨ˼ң˭еֶأûеġ
ͨ˼ңլӴǰţļ, ǻļҡǶɱ˲գۣϱźܶܵļԺ
ǵլﻹе, ôһ룬ƺȻ

ޥãԼʵ, ̫˽ˡ
Ҫ˽Щ¿Ա⡣
ڶǰֺٰãʼ, żЦ࿴һۣ㳣Ц
ޥԽ˵ѹ
ܵõһƬȣȴ֪ŵǸӡôһӦ
ҵġ

ޥվ˵εſڣεķӵš
ڸʲôλǶ֪ӲΥ˵εĴš
ʰ׶£͸ûʵĻȫһ硣

ޥڶο˽Ҷ
֪֪ڸɲϵŮֻһÿԱˡ
㣡СդϺ㻹𣿡
Ǹûлش

ޥʷӣʲôɱʲôˣʲô𣿡
ӴֻǶðġ
ʱ򣬽ҶȻ˵ˡ
ûС˸ûɱˣŹ͵

դ׽סޥĽ
ûκλ£˺κˡںڵ¶Цݣ֤

ֻҲںںڵġ
ޥֻֿ֣˿Ҷʷӣôˣ
ӲҴ
ǽҶԼˣˡ
һС̣ʮһ̡˵Ĺء

ޥ򴽡
š
ΪѣǶġ
ޥҪʣȥҪˡ

ӻǴţСӳȥҶҶۡ
Сӵˣȶ𣿡
ޣҰҶ˶ѡ
˵ѡޥϢ

СӷҶȥæޥһ֣ƿԼ˽ȥ
ÿ˵
СÿˣޥȥὫҶ
Ҷϸ㡣

ޥһۡѾȫ޷ϽҶˣҶȴǵ
Ҽǵ㡣ǸǸңҶˣ㻹ţ̫ˡ
ޥֲ˲

ֻܿţķ˽һŮһ·˵Ρ
߳εɲǣۣҶֵסۣૣɹ̫
۾Ӧˣſ֣ۣŮˡ

üγ
ҲڻһˣλܱγأûмǸҹĿ
׷¥ݣں溰ˡˡ޸Ǹ
ҶޥãȻ

ޥĽŲסͷһۣ۴󣺡Ϊʲô֪
ҶЦԭˡ
ɢųܿƤѢϺͽϵƤΪÿˡȴȻЦš
ޥ֪ʲôˣʲôˣˣĴЦ

СӸһԣ˵ɡ
ҶǿɲУҪˡһ࣬˵Ҫ˵ңıˡ
ʣҲڣô
СӵͦõģջѾͷˡ
ҶʣԵô
Сӡһԣֻܺڵʱˡ
֪ɡҶп㲻֪ķѳԣ

ޥŽҶڵķжѳԣһ·ĸ롣
һ꣬ʧȥɣ̣ͷȴǵķ̫ѳˡ

ǳ֮ƫ˷ǳ֮٣кܶյԺӡޥ˼ֳõģҶ˽ȥ
ѾǰŽҶҩѾǽ⿪Ҷѣȴˡ
һſˡ
·ϣģѹžˣֻˣʵҲԶˡ

ޥЩˣöû˵
գޥӣ԰ѽҶ˾
ҶȺͽƤⶼˣݲ衣
ޥСӰճƤϴԡ

Ҫ֪㲻£ҶҾͲˡ
Сҵʱͽ£ȥ֪ʹʵѾǰźó·ˣϹ㣡
ޥִưˮܵϣ˵㵱ʱȥң

̲סʣʱȥң˵ʲô
ҶСӣȥ
Сӿޥȥˡ

ûˣҶŵ㣬ӡ
ޥִưֶס
ҶΨһһμ棬ֺ󣬽ҶʱԼ½
ʱû壬ܿ죬ʧˡ

ʱ˿̣ޥˡ
Ҷ壬ԡϡǰغ󱳣Ĵطвİ̺ۡ
ЩۼĿģһС
Ҷʱģԭ

Ҷ̾ǸҰҵʱ룬ôУ
һңôܵһˣ
һġ
ǰҷֻԼ˺۾ҡ
Ӱ
Ӱ

ޥᡣ
һǰǲܶݾġ
ڣʵǱκ˶ˡ
ҶŮӣݱȴ֪ʱ򣬿ԳƵʾˡ
ΪԵǻһ㣬Ϳˡ
ֻҪǸˣ

ޡҶȴ˵ʵңȹҺܶˡ
ޥȴһࡣһˮʹ˴꣬ޥ
и˺ۣԼһ¡

ҵޥʣô֪
Ҿ֪һҶ˵ǵй棬Ϊ˲ÿԼһܲʱ򣬺֪ͣ

Ҷؽҵչ¶ޥ
ޥţˮϴȣࡣ

𣿡ʽҶ㡣
ްҶ˵ֻǿ˶ѡ
˵ˣǲˣǱˡ

ʱǺ޵ġ
һˡţúÿأǸɾر˹ġ벻Щʲô
ٴ·ֱһ˹˹ĵĿˡңҵĶͷһֱ˵Բ˵Ǹһرˡ

ˣΪʲôҪأ
˵ˣһֻޡҪһѱ޵ˣֻѱ·߳ȥһˡ

㲻֪Ǹ˿ҵжᡣ
ңҾǸѱ޵ˡ
ʵһֱͦģΪѱܶޣ߳ҵķʱ򣬶ƽˡ
ֻһΣѱˡ񻯵̫̫ˣҪصöࡣҺüΣҪˡ
Һ㡣ģȹҺü




213.   213    ˮ


213 

Ų, ߽
ޥԲߣŪһֻϻӡ
ϻĴ󣬽ṹŮӵױϻ, ϲĸӿƿһ㶼ǳ롣
ֻϻӣĽŲȻͣס
, ˰ֻϻպˡ

ޥŪųĶ
н, кܶĹߣ˼, ޷
ĬվŪ
ޥһ, ⶫ֪Ǹôʹõģֻס, ҶԼġ

ȻļֻǴ, 㱻һץסˡ
ޥɬȻȴ˵ȥ
Щ¶ޥǰǻˣ֪ô졣

Լ, ֱױ׼
еġȴϵеġ硱ޥ˽, ֱΪˣһ
һ档
һ, ֻҹ¶ֻ¶ڽҶǰԼ޷ڰֱӡ

ڰһ, ɱ˶ˣȾ˶Ѫ˵ӣ
ҹԽҶ£Լ

ޥ̧ۣԼÿ𣿡
촽ش
һ⣬شˡ
ܶʱ򣬳Ĭͬڻش

ޥվϻӵĶǣһƣϻӷɳȥڵϣ⣬ι״Ĺһء
ѻҳһصǱ

˵ɱ˾ɱ˵ġޥʣȴΪʲôɱҶʱɱЩ£Զ֪ˡ
ֻ
ޥ㣬ýҶûţǰɣ

ޥҶŮˡ
ϴɾڴҩ
һˣɹɹ̫˵Կ⡣
˵⻰ʱޥʾúˡ
ޥǽгȥ׼⡣

пԣҶ͵£һɹ̫һҩ
ÿһٶһ٣ҪԵúòŶԵԼ˵û£ģƤ˶ѣԺʹĵȼǼ׵ȡ

͸мָʱȥˡҪǣƯƯΣܿסҪ
ѽҶЩˣʹȼǼ׵ȣ̡

СӸϵˣ
Ҷ
Сӵ㻹
ȻŵġҶ˵ϵȻ
СӳЦ㡣
Ҷ˵ⲻǵþˣ
Сŭƨңȣͷˣ
ҶǶ

Ҷ˵ԺӵĹܹģȥ˶Ǯ
ҳ룬Ƕ檵ģصҲԼôأ
ԭҲȱңϿ𣿡
ǸɾңƽˣؼӣͿˡ
ҲףڵģֻȱˣֹһҡһֱأҴ¡
СӲҶ

ر࣬һ̶ͣ·ϳ˱˴˵ûбº
ޥȵϿǡ
ɫƽƽҶҲֻ֮˰ˡ
ޥࡣ

ޥʣڻشһ䣺ǡ
Ҷݵͼ˵ֵǮ
ǲɱɱôˣġ޹ģеŮģ˺ӣǲɱҶ
ޥ⣬ˣ̫˾ˡ

Ȼ׵ģ롣
ڽҶϣܿԼӰӡ
ڱдӲ￪Ļǿ˶ݡ
ֻӣıܳΪˡ
ҶҪ̫̫࣬ʼձ
ֻǱ󣬱ϣǺ

ҶԳޥǰõĴʽǶһɱ֮
ûµȥ֡
ֻ˵ûʡ

ޥŵ죬㲻ڼֻҺССԾο˵ϱһ򱶵˶ʹء
ʵ벻ԭһ򱶵ˣ⸮
ˣ㡣

ޥȭĸ磬ô
һδεأǴĵߡ
һ޵׵ĺڶڶ治֪ʲʱ׹أǡ

⣬ҲûشոޥģǳĬ
ޥȲ𰸣ʧת
ץס֣ޥ
ѳȥ
ޥ
ޥת

óġζţʵڵϸᡣ
ˣޥʵһֱģͻɰȡ½ԡ
ȻԼһжˡ
֮ӡ

ǻˡ
ֶģǾޥʼġᴩʮ꣬һֱڡ
գޥĻˣ´

ޥ㶣һһڵϡ
ļ磬խ鼡⣬忴ա
ֱ˿
ޥͷȥ

ҲҿɬȻ
һ˦κڣվޥǰ
Ҳöǰɡ

ޥһתͷ
һ㣬öգֻʲôûС
ʲôûˡ

ޥ֪˵ʲôӣ½塣
ޥϣҲ֪˸ôһ¡
۾Ӿϣ̫
ޥᣬΪܹģһֱܵġ

ߵǰ߰ɣ½ԾھǣҲ㡣
ޥ㲻ûڲҡ
Ȼϣôܷߡ

ޥޥһء
ޥٱһء
ޥ

͵͵ģ
ޥſ֣סȱ塣
ϲ᣺Ҿ֪ҵġ
ޥʵɺޡ

סҲûϵ
ޥС˳˭Ҳû㡣
ǶԼݡ
ֻлִڹȥִڡԼִޥҲ˽֡

ҡңҲңԼ١
ޥûꡣ
˵滰
ޥٻ˵̫࣬滰Ҳš

֪ġޥҵ壬ûи˿
ǺޥлҲûѹӡʵĽ
ޥĬãԡ

һβ˵ơ
ޥǹÿһڼ׵͹
кûں޽ӡ

ޥ̧
ĸ磬ɵ㡭˵
˿š
ޥָϴسԣ̽

Ƿɲ
£÷Ϊˡ֪ȴһֱץһֱֵġ

ޥֻ˵
ռʱ򣬴һ˵֪ܿͷ֣㲻ǸˣҪҡ
Ҳ޹ģֻҲûáӻùȥԸ޸㡣
û뵽޸֮ӣʵͦõġ

ұ䲻شǰˣڵҲңڵңҲϲҵӡ
ϲġʵܲܳȥˣûôҪǾûˣլŮӾͲӦꡣཻˣӦ겻Ǹۡ
ľͦõģԼ߲ǾӲá
һɵӣúøӵģǲ롣

ޥҲúùӡ
ޥҽڵ㣬Ҳýҡ
Ұֻ㣬Եʲôˡ
㻹ãԼޥЩ

Ҷܽ㣬ΪʲôܽԼ
䡣
ޥһֱĸ磬ЩٷЩ

Уɽĸо˹
߬죬
ˮϢ





214.   214    ۸

214 

ޥǻ۾
Ҳ, Լᡣ
ֻ鵽ģһδ
ڽҶõͷţȻ, ȴϮ
޷ܣûڽˮ, ȴƮƶˡ

̣ǲԼ, ʧ˿Ƶġ
䵽˵ϣһὫס, ۣޥǡ
ָ⻹һ״̬, ̧֣ڻ

ʮĻѹ֡Ť֮, һθܵ׵ͨͳ͸
ӸСޥһ
Ӳͬռ, ǵ򣬶˫ġ

֮ǰΪռޥ, ڱ£ҲȾѪ, 
ڣʱ˿̣ںϵĸо, ۾ʪһ˿˿
ֻڻʱ⾲ֹڴ˿̡
ޥ, Ҿ뿪ҡ߽һ㡣

ޥȴģ
ǰܼɵؽ˼嶥ãȴҡ
Ҳ벻Լʱ򣬻
ʮˣһֱ
ʪ۾Σ뿪ȥģ
֪˵һգ׷㵽ĺǣ»Ȫ

˵軰
ޥſϣá
˵ˣ
ޥֲ㡣
ǡ㲻ң˵

ޥµĴӣȥѣȥ¡
ޥ
е϶ȥˣһΣ֮ûκθҡ
һֱֻ̾ҡ
ޥ۾ƤƤӴݵȺʸС
ɵӡ

ܺõʱޥͽҶһɹ̫
ǣޥȷܾûԵŮ˵ˡ
ҶСͱԺӣ硢˵֪ȱʧޥܿͷһ㡣
ⲻ졣

СӲ˽ҶͷƬͷƤʭӡ
Ƚϵ˿ʼˡԽҶ˵ʹһֺõ״̬µЩ̺ۣδ
ƤѢ鷳ЩҲ˴ҩҩԡҩԡͿĨͿĨ

ģճʲôأҶʡ
ޥլԺͨȸ밲Ҫ趨ʡġԵϱûˣԼʲôʲôģиרŵĵط񣬹µϱŶ£һȥһʱҲͲˣЩ

ĺϸ£Ѵլһ
ҶСӲͣطมԭ֮ĸ̾
ˣޥҵ˺档
⣬õ㡣

СʱҲûӡޥ΢ЦСʱ򰡣ϲĻӣǻԼ̽ġ
Լһأ̫ˡ

СӺʣΪʲôͲˣ
ȡޥô˵أһǵǻ˹ٵ߲·ụ̂ǰŴŵ꣬ʳǺýһӻᲶ񣬿ǰɡֽˡ
Сӣ
Ҷʣǣô죿

ޥֲɵժ˺öҶ
ֻҺٿӣ£ҲҰ⣬߰ʮյģôأ
һ뵽ҲҶ;ûôˡ

ô˵ҶȴȥЩطء
ޥȥҲûкܶࡣ
ҶСӶĽ
һֱûݣ˿촬ֱ͵ǻ̾Ȼھǣʵûžǵʲôӡ
ޥ˶٣ȽҶȽźˣȥ

ޥ뿪Ҷɹ̫СӼʭӡ
ӹҶ˵
ءС˵ʲôܳʲôҶˡ
ˣȻģҶҪȥźˡ
ֻǣõӣܹأ

ôҶ˵ûи˵ܽؼƬҪһûˡ
СһȾܡ
Ҷ֪ϼǲס

ҶСӰÿһٶһãȥ졣
ޥܲ롣
Ҳڸ߻
ͲٿҶ㰲š

ֻһ̧ۣޥĿ⣬ӡ
΢ҸͲټ
ޥĿɨá
Ĭһ£ʣޥ𣿡

ޥʣڸʲô
仰ʱ¶Ц⡣
Ҿ͸ˡ

ޥ
λͬķһǰһȫһġ
Ȼ˵ˣޥͰ˳ĸ磬Ҳбˡ
бˣ

ͽҶй֮ףǶȥˡ
һֻ㣬ԭΪãˣȥұˣĪʧķˣ
ޥȴ̰ĵģ޾ͻ檣ӵұŮӶʡ
ɵʡȥЩ꣬ҹ½ԡ

ޥ̧
ʵζʵܡƻգļ䡣˹裬ʹҲ˵ҹܾ˯ţԡ

ޥĿһȥĻ˵
Ҳ˵ֻӵڻС
˵ʱⲻܻӻҪСĵأһϢһ˲ع

ڻȿڡʣޥ½Ĺ𣿡
ޥǰɣ
ͷʲôǰɡ
ޥ˵Զʡ

⻰ѾҶˣ
ʲôڸв֪ˡޥΪʣġ
ʵǺŭˣڽ帻УСһ˳ϧΪ
󲻵õģԴܲա

ޥ룬ͬ⣬
ֵǲ˵ˡ
ȴתζ½ޥĹǲáޥĲãͲϼǹˡ
߶½ԵĲãܷŹھõűǣ½ͨúܺá
ޥ

ãڻͷ£ǿġԼ˵½ҹòáĸͨ檣ʳ˵òãʵڶԲԼġ
ǿˡ

׷ʣʲô
ޥʵҲûʲôӣոŮˡ
ʣ㵱ʱѹɣ
ޥҲȥˡ

ͷ㰮һѹһˣȻռԵм֮ס
½ڿӣȴԼӽȥˡ
ޥֻǡһż֮⡣

ֶ˶٣ͻȻǱ
ʧķˣоޥƺҪסķˡһٰա
ңҳȥֹʱû⿪ҵȻҪըƵġ
֪ˣޥ޷ܱ㡣

˰ɣޥʣҼ𣿡
ʵǼģСԼ˵˵ģƺȥֻܹУޥδע
û

Һ˵õģ֪ҪģҶӦˣҲˡȥˣܵö࣬ȫҶһ˵ٺ»Ӻѹ￿ˡ
á

ʵֻҪԶԶ߾ˡޥ㣬ϰɱˣǲǣ
ǡûɣ֪£ˣҿ϶Ҫɱġ

ޥ
ĸ硣ɫΪЧְ⣬֪ġ
Ĺ£ҲʡֻԺҲΪ֮£ˡ

ʲôҶҶڰյĵһؾһꡣ
ĸ磬˵һ˵һҲŶ̶̼ʮꡣЩ£֮ᣬǧ֮ء
ҡޥʵе𡣡

֪ˡҲմȾɱҵ
ֽסͷԼʵ̫ϲָо
ޥܾܶ꣬ûôˡһ㶼ɱˡҲȥЩ¡Ҿֻô㣬һֱȥ

ޥ˲Ȼĸ磬ǲ̫۸ˣ
ûףʲô
Ҵû½˵򼿡Ҹԭǲöʵġɵֱ׳ظ˵бˡޥૣоԼ̫۸ˡ
Ͷ۸۸ҡϲҾͼƤӣϲ۸






215.   215    

215 

ޥʽҶ, Ժʲô뷨ҿԾš
ҶС˺ܾã̽ʣʲô˼
ޥ˵˵ҵ뷨, һլӣһӣһЩǮ⾩, £ҡ

ҶСӻ㶵ؿŶԷ, е㲻š
ΪʵǻһƲǶǼ, ˵͸˻ڻ
û˰ǵ˿, ֻǲƲѡ

ʵҶСӰҲ۹˻᲻ĽǷ
, ѾǾݳ޵ˡ
û˻ô󷽿

Ҷʣ, ƾʲôõЩأ
һ䣬ޥĿ
½мۣޥͬˡϲڱ, Ҳûа׳Ե͡
ûƽ޹ʾ͸öãûǷġ

ǲޥ, ҴСżĸ𾭣ġйᣬΪ
ƽڵαһ, ҼǸµĶҵ׷ʵΪҡұǶ򡣡
ݶҵ벹㡣

Ҷ, Ȼܣãл㡣
ҶʵǸʹˣûôƺͽ顣ޥ˵һֱͨ
ҶԼ뷨ӡܲܣ۳Ǯң
ޥȻ

尲ŽҶϸ񣬻úС
Сޥ˵֮üһԺӶֶϹˣ롣
ޥ̾žΪԺӣϹ֣뷨ɡ

ҶһضӣǮȥ
ûϵ˵һ׼ֽܶ䵽Ҷĵز
뵽ȥ
һȥȪݣҵһ˵ǻݻȪǲһģȪһҹ֮ǣܿͬɫͷͬɫ۾ܿԺ챦ˡ
ǰֻȻϸɣΪʲôҸЩأ

Ҷ̫ˣ۾ԡɡޥ֪ôܾ
ȥСЩ콻̸У֪СҲ
СһӾȻٵˡ֪ô˵Ҷ

ȻС˽ҶǰͲʣ֪ô֪Ǯô÷𣿡
֪ġҶм۸Ǯ˼Ҹ㶫
Ǻã㡣СҸʮӣһһӣס
Ҷʮ

ޥ̾
СٺЦ군ˣǮѾƭˡ
ҶСӶ֪ˣԲ۾
ޥ̾һôһӣһʯײһӡ

С㿴һ֪׶ǮһʯǮһһƥϸȴֳ٣Թ̲飬һڣ˼ҾǸˣ¾ܰǮƭ⡣㻹ȥȪݣҿǵĴ߲ȥ
С˼ˣûտܻܲȥ֪ءôţȰɩӵ뷨ǡ

ޥլӡӣСѡˡһӵ𣬲ܸ󣬵㹻ŮˡδŮŮһ񻧹ҿ
ܵŮڻ㻧ȫ⣬ܷǳŻݣѿصʮϸֻ޷ӵĹѸŮδŮá
߼ǣѸؽڣʿԲޣδŮȴǵüޣԲ

պҪˣ˵ޥ
ҶȻصҲ˵ġ
Ҷĳְҵ⣬ʵ/ŮԴˣޥ˵뷨
ֻ˿Сӣ㲻ˣСҲü˰ɡˣҲ˸ü˵ˡ
Сɲǡ
ΪҲСӾõˣˣСӲС˺¡

СӼҲˣһСء
ҶЦ
ޥСĪ֪Цʲô
ƭˡҶЦòУ˼㵽׶ˡ
СͭСأ

ޥСԣĿСӿȥ֡Сʵ
һǼܷǳСϷŮӣһСֻ࣬һЩС

Ҷʮ˰ɣ
Сŭ˵Ҳʮ
С
㣿ʮˣĿࡣ

ҶЦʮʱѾ⸱ӣҸսԺӵһμʱ͹С̡һӡ
С⸱ģû̫仯Ůʱ࣬ʹˣȴΪֻǸŮ

СӣԺֽѾͷҶ˵ҡ
ֽѾͷʹȼΪ׵ȵĽҶ
ԺĹأǽ㣬Ѿͷãơ
СӿСʵϣüˡЩﶼˡ˾ǻҶҲˣСӾʹŹ¸ˣѹȥ̤ʵˡ
·ת˭֪һôء

ޥãޱ㲻ްɡ
ҶСڻʵޥСİš
ǵݹҿһ˼ңӴ˱ҡһլԺõһ

ڳˣޥʼշĲ¡
룬һԺƣ£ȥҼԺ
һҲ˵̫ԼҲű˶ġֻҼȷǸбµˡһ죬ܻһ죬ұܻһ졣˭֪Ժʲôأõ±ˡ

Ҷ֪ޥ֮ˣƫ̸žΪ뷨ͬ
Ȼˣǰǰþˣô

ޥȻСͨ
Сͷͦãɡ
ޥĿ
Сʣôˣ

ޥҶڵһֱ֪
ǰС˵ôˣ
ޥû𣿡
СЦˡ
ƾʲôأʲôˣʡ

ޥ˽⣬СͽҶͶ˴úܺá
Ҷ⣬˶ЩԶ֮Ψʹ˵˵ЦЦһ⡣
ҶӵųʵС˵ֻǶƤӵ¡ҲҪ˼ɻΪѽҶΣֻȫ˲ڣûܹ

ҲɩɩҶ͵緿ȥġСֻɩɩǾҺ˭˵仰ϴЦǷ˵ģɩɩˡ
ޥĬƬ̣ҳʮ׽ܵܡ

СұأҪɩɩúһ硣
ޥһۡ
˵Цˣ֪ɩɩ˼СɩɩףҸ˵ɩɩΨһסأûпԼǹҵˣŸǹ㡣ɩɩңҲףһ㲻ûɡ

ɩɩڿ˲ˣǵҲţҼﶼˡɲǸģԼġɩɩҪǻҵһƬģʵࡣ
˰ܸ˵ģôࡣŷָ˸磬һָɩɩɩɩò࣬ңѾȫˡ
ֻԵˣƾʲôҵġԵˣΪҸʲôƾʲôҪǹҡ

ദһ࣬ޥѾ֣СͿ˳˳ӽͨˡ
Ϊ˳ɩҪֶҪֶѪм̣вмʵӵһļͥ

Сʲôûеġ˴ͨҲûеߡ
ޥ΢΢̾ʣһ˶û𣿡
ԭΪȫȥʧȥϵĹ£Сô˵ء

Ǹҵĵʮһӡŵĸ߸Ҳأֶʲôģ˵ʮ˵ǰ꣬ǰףԶǣ˵ҵ硣
ޥԾ

Сŵʵںö죬ʹ룬һСĵͽȻֻʮһΣûǮߣǲȻÿմҵĹ⡣

ޥĬƬ̵㲻մġ
ȻСЦҶһһָǹˡ
ʲôҵҸɵҸաǰȥ˻ǮѾˡ
ǽմ֮ǰʵӦȵԼķ

ߵˣ˰
裬ƫ֪ԭϸƷζǿζǵĿ࣬ȴҪ˵ʹ
ޥ̧

С˺һԶ
ɩɩôҡЦ
ҡ
ҲǸ磬ҾңҲ
СҧЦת󲽵뿪ˡ






216.   216    ǰͷ

216 

ƷѮ˿, ûţȼ˹
ȻųţⶼѾ, ƷƻǱŤؾصظ˸ͷ๫ĸױҹ˼Ǵ̷ĸס

½ûǰк, ½˸ֲ߰һ䡰¡, ȴɫԶˣȥϢϴɡ
ƷĴ⹫, òӢǱ, ๫ĵ׵õȰݼĸס
δţȼ, ѾϹˣŶ, ȥЪϢġ

ȴ񲻴áǰͷĸŮȥʧ, ˯ţ˯ѡ, ǲȥݼֻỹ˯š

½˵⻰ʱ򣬶Ŷϱ
ʮС, ôĳǸǰͷĸŮȻҧҧ, ͷȥ
½٣ô򵥡½΢΢
½ˣƷֻȰá

Ժŵ򿪣½Ժ
µ££½У˿ӻЬ׺Ƭ
۾ֻһжá
ֻ˫۾ûԺŴ򿪣½֣û

Ѿ߽Բʰԣ½£ḧӵ֣ɷ򡣡
ϱ̷ˡ˵֮ǰ[[Сӣʵ̫زˡ
½˵΢΢ض˶ãŵʳӡ
½һѾͷƬӶѡ
½ڿ[[ǼΨһĹѪ
½ΪȻԻᣬǡ

½˿Ȼ¶һ΢Ц
ޥȥһ¶Цݡ
½סΪһЦëȻʣЦʲô
ǸЦѾʧˡ½ϣ¶죬ֻ֪ˡ
ۣ˵

ƷƵڶռţʱѾӽˣĸŸ
Ǹĸˣֻ̫ˣüۼҲûо񣬸һ˥֮С
ؿͷ̧ͷϱ衣

½ȴӣֻĿ
ƷƵѾߣ
ƷƾŲ裬㷲ʼᡣ

½˺Ȼʣˣ
ƷƾŲĸףʮ塣
½һֱ˵
վһԡ½ﶢŵġ
½ŵȻ鷿ѾͷѾͷѾͷ緶иĸݿѹһѹ¶ϱ˱½½ߵ衣

½˵ֱۣˣٷ˸㾴ء
½ֽǱ裬һڣϱ
˶һ
ĸµļʮֹأƷƵ˶¶ЦݡǵȻ֪ⶼ½׼ġ

ɣƷƻ½˵˵½ȴ΢΢ӣסͷ
ٷˣǸص˽Ϊżٷ𡭡
ѾӽˣƷֻõϱãĸˣĸ׻úϢϱȸˡ
Ҵһ档

ȥ½˻ȥ
û˵ѣ½˽յȷΪżƷˡʧߵϢҡ
½£½˿齼ͷ۾ȥɡ
ˡ

½Ÿղſϱ
ССһŮӣǿ򶨣۾ﻹ
ʮ꣬ԭôС
ˮݵա

˰ƷƵ˵Ǵ˶̫ãǶ߸ʲô֪
ƷƵϾھġ
˳⣬½ܶӣ֣Ǿ½ˡ
˵ԶŶЩЩˡ


Ʒһˮ
֪޾ˮ
Ӳʣᡣһ²⡣

˵ǵѾͷȥһ
Ʒʣʲôˣ
ԥһ¡
ƷƵ˵ˣңҷ֪ô¡
ϱʮáǰͷǸŻ̫ͣʮ̧Խ̡ǴСͿʼþԼ̵ְֽģȻǳԼϲȥ̡ܲ⡣

ֵֻҲģôС̧̣ΪԽҪ̳ʲôӣӵǰͷֻǿٱ¡
ƷƵͷ˷ǲľþˣ˭顣ֻĻİɡ

ֻƷƵĻȥ
ϱԭó趨ʡΪ½ˣרŽ밲ʱ磬Ӧ½˵Ϣ
½ʼնû˯ϢõģҲôͬƷ˵Ʒܾãƺе㱡

Ʒר˷ѯ½˵
˵ʵáֻܰ½˵Ĺȣʵ̫ϲǰٷˡ
ƷƱ㹣ס

Ʒ֮ǰĴǰ̼Ҳ̲ˡ
½˵岢ûʲôֻ֢ʧɵģʧȴĲġ
һֱҲֻǺҩǲҩġ

Ʒ޼̷̣ĸ½˵ʲôȱķо¼ˣԵĴõģǶá
½û񣬻Ҳ˵һڷǿϱģ
½һŻֱӻԺÿԺһϱ͵øˡ
ʵ޴֣˴ܡ

ǿ߰գƷƿһ
оԼûáᣬ๫ҵ¶á
֪ίһƬĸĸ˵ţҲʵ̫䵭ˡ

ƷȴĨĨᣬУȥ˵
壬½һ춼Ժϱ͸ñӣԺȥˡƷȴȥ½
½úܣֻǿȰģڴμϱӣзƷƵһ㡣

ĸЪš˵Щ
ƷƿͨҵĽյĘţŵĸ屧๫һֱʵ๫˼ĸȥɢɢģ塣븸׼

֪һƬТģҲÿ½㿴ĸ׵ӣŲط𣿡
ʧ֢֮ԭͲȥİĵط
أǸТĵĺӣҺĸ׶óֻˣ㻹ؾȥھΪ٣˴չĸףõġ

ƷƵ๫Ϊĸ̼
ȡ½ߵϥͷʵɣȣ㲻Ҫ̫ϣĸ׿㣬ǻϡ
㣬ֻǡ̫ˡ㣬˯š
úӣϣؾȥɡ

Ʒƴס
ͷ
ƷƵֻԼ֡
ô˵Ļ
Žգ½˾վŵһ࣬ˣСͷ㶾

ƷƻصԼԺӣᡣ
׿ڸ趼֪ôο˵ģ
գѾ˵ߵѵ⣺ʲôأ
Ѿʣ˭

ѾͷСĵֻǸոմһ¡
ʣ£
ѾͷǼԺӡ˵ʵǰͷٷ˵Ժӡ

ǼԺԺЩԺҲֻԺϹ
ƷÿԺȥ·ϣܿǼԺӡ
סյ֪ˣȥЩ

ٻصңȻƷƵˡ
ԺӻأƷƲᣬһ˭˼أ
Ƿĸһ

˵Ʒֲ˲ᣬ̧ͷ΢Ц
˭ˡ
ǰɣ






217.   217    ķ

217 

ƷƲϾô뿪
һܴ, ͷء˵ôԵС
գǴЦϷȥ

һ½ȴһֱ
ƷСطĸ, ҴӰƵģʮˣĸ׳
ַ½ǰ

½˽ӹ, ޵ٷТĵġ
ƷҪ˺һ½˵
Ʒ̧, ǰȥ
½Ƭ̣㲻Ҫ˵, û㡣

ƷƵһӾ͵ˡ
ֻΪĸ͵һ䣬Щίֵõġ
ǰĸ, ๫һƬТģĸ¡ĸȥǰ, ҽ࣬úøĸ׵

½ζ½, ֪ⲻܡ½вڶߡ
£˭⣬˭䡣
½˵, ΨһĹѪ[[Ѿ˵½, ֻ
¸˽ȥˣһТ׵Ĺ

֣ƷƵͷ
ǳ, Ʒ룬ĸ, һһĸˡ
½˵֪Ǹúӡ̫ˣ㾡ȥԺͭ[[иˡ
ջ֣ȥɡ

ƷƳԺ
ٷջؾɣ޷̫ãղǺ¡ҲȰ
½½˺ͷ˵Ĳ˻ƷƵҲͷ
صȰƷƣ׿ھܾˣⲻĴȥúø˵ǡһƬТģжӲɢġ㿴ˣôطˣնϷϣǸǲ𿪣ǺֵĲТˡ

һȰһ䵭ƷƲ֪Ϊʲôӹ治ϲ⹫
˵ԭҲû˵Ͷϱٴ򽻵;ٴ򽻵ġ

ʰʰ׼ȥɡ˵
ƷƵͷš
ѾͷǱ㶯ʰеæҡ
ƷƬ̣ȻȥǸԺӡ

Ǹ𣿡
˵ȻΪǰٷϱǸԺӡ
ȥˡ
ҲȥһȦ˿ƷסԺӻ
ȻǣϷ֮⣬õԺӸ½ס

˴ʵҲʲôһѴ½Ĺȫ棬˿̽
ҲˣƷƿƬ̣ȥɡ
ֻʱȴ
йصĸۡƷüͷô£ȥ

ȥȴѾͷţһһѣһЩˤձѾͷסˡ
Ʒƴŭ

Ǹģ½
ЩƷҲᣬ½ҲľأΪͽԳƵеĵ䷶ˡڸУǴ½¡
ƷĸƷƼҲҪ
ؾѾͷ˵죬·ϡ

ƷƵһ£˽Ѿͷסʷô£
լʲô£ǼëƤС¡
Ѿͷǲˡ

ѾͷǾ㶼ýޣͣƷ¡ƷͲ֪࣬ٷˣԴŵӵٷϢŭү鷿Ѿͷ
鷿Ѿͷǰͷð½˱ˣЩð½ˣܷ޳ô
ٷˣ˼죬ǸͲСˣ˵үǰΨΨŵŵġ

⻰˵
ƷƵҲʷүͨ𣿡
ǣһѾͷ
һѾͷҲѾͷֻҪͨ˵

֪½ѾͷһʼƷƲ֡
ƷƼȻѾˣѾͷ񣬲ȥƷΪٷ˵űûˡ
ֲջóףýԺ£ԭǣҪôѹ磬Ҫôѹġ

Ʒƺͨ˽Ѿͷ£Ҫмҷ
ٵѾͷǼƲãиѾͷ󣬾ȻƷƵѾͷܵˡ
˿ڶ࣬ϸ񣬴δ˷ſˡƷֻ÷

ǰȰٷϢŭ
ҡͷ˴ǰõʱ򣬼ＫйصġҲãѹסѾͷǡ
Ʒ⻰ԺȻ½˶˵ģ̫ˡ
ˣȭȥǵ˶

˭Ҳ벻Ȣٷˣص½ү鷿Ѿͷ˳ͻ
ƷƴӾǳʱ½ˡЩ˶ھǲģԿ½һ㶼˽⡣ʱƷƺ趼Щãʱ־ˡ

ԭȥ鷿ǸܵѾͷҪѾͷ鷿Ѿͷͬ顣ƷƵȥˣЩѾͷǾŵֿͼȵ½ؼΪ
鵽ֵһҲûϵйصĴӳģʵ벻½һ

ֻѾִˣʱˣƷΪٷ˵ϾͱЩѾͷڵϲˡ
һ£һӵϣ鷿Ѿͷȫˣһ򾡡
ƷƵ£ҲˣѾͷѡ

½ʵСѾͷУͨᡣЩѾͷȻˣȴѾͷʵǷƷ¡
Ʒ˾ٷˣ䲻ƿ½˲ţǵһ˳λŮˣ˵ĵȷ㡣Ѿͷ˭˵ʲô

η壬ҪһǣϱǸŷŹģǸŹҪΪѾͷϱͻ
ִ½ôܲҪġ

Ȼ½һؼң˵鷿Ѿͷһߣ˰죬һѪֻ˺ͷҲ粻
ƷƵѾͷ·ϡٷ˴˳ֳͽ䣬ȥӡ

ҲǴӳģ˵½·𿴵˴ǰ衣ϴ˺ü֣ҲеĹˡ
½˰죬Ӳһ䣺ãŰ졣
ֵȷǸʰʰˡ
蹧ͷȴ˹

鷿Ѿͷһѱˡ
Ʒȥ½ˡ½˵ͷúá
õŵ֧֣ƷƸˡԶϱ˵ڹ֮䣬ȻŸҪ涼ü˵

ֻһʱֲˣȴѾͷ£ڸɫµѾͷѰЩ۵ģͽ鷿
½ٻؼң鷿Ѿͷһ񣺡ү
ʵһ
½۽Ƕ˳顣

Щ£ƷڿѾ˰¡
½Ӧ࣬࣬Щȥ
ƷƼװеĲϲ¸ſͷǶϱȥźˡ

½ͷȥɣԼӡ
ƽҲƽƷƻܸоĵᡣ
֪أͷȻһᡣ

½÷ǳãʳóƵݳޡɷﾴźʱС
˿ˣĽۺ졣
ƷƲ֪ΪʲôĪᡣ
Ϊ½˵˫۾ʵû
Ϊʲôأ

ȢĶϱǹˣ½һ
߳Ժתϰɡ
ԺŻ£
ŷ죬½ԶԶ½վϷϣĮؿ

½վڽϣĿԽԺӣŻ£
ŵķ϶½վԺ⣬¶Ц
ź£
洫
ķбн硣






218.   218    

218 

Ⱑʵ۳Ĭ, ʣȷ𣿡
ȷ
Żʵ۵ֻǻɣֻЩ˿, ˵֤ݡֻ£Ҫôɱ¾ϡ

ʵ, ңҲȥ֮, 鲼ӡҲֻг˺̤ʵ
, ֵңῼǵ߸߾ȥЩС, Ǵֶ̼ܵΪϱοݡӦõ
һֱǸĺ, ǿöֻ࣬Կϡ

˵, ʵֳĬã̾㣬Һʱ˯̤ʵ
̧, Żʵۡ
ĹӣѾȫģʱǰ, ˭Ҳܻͷ

ֻ书̤ʵ˯, Щ£
ʵãڵͷ, ˵ȥǮ˽ʡóл˵


Ҫˣʵȴס
˵£ü࣬˻ۣʣôˣ
Ŀ
ܰЦʵ˵ü۶չˣǰܲһ

ʵǿǡ
ȻػҲóϣΪˣڳɳʱü֮֮ܶ϶Уϡ档
ڣʵٿüۼɣǹ֮ȴԲˡ

Ĭһ£עʳβꡣȻо񡣡
ʵҪйˡ
ʵ۸ĳ˵Ҫ䣬˵ȴֱ˵ԭˣ
̾СǷʰ
ңȻ޻˵ġʵۺԭˣУⶼ

ʵ鲻Խǰ˵˵ôģŮ±ˣˣϡֶֻ֪Σ֪ŮӻֶΡ˵˵˵˵
ʵۣӳɳǵڣһ·˴֪̫࣬ȷҲûʲôġ
ޥɷָ֮ˣҲøʵ۽ס

˵ʮּ򵥣Ҷʲôֶζûˡµֶϣֻҡҡֻ
С飬ҲС޲¡Ȼм£վҵġ
Ҳָˡ

ʵȴЦˣ治֪㵽ǶŮ˻ǲŮˡ
밮ԹŲ롣
Ů㣬쳤վãջᰮ㡣
ͷƷζĸ֣쳤վá
ĸ֣

ʵ۳˸⣺Ҵ˸ɡŮ׾ʣûʧҪץ㡣
ԼǴ
̾˿
µȻǺõġ
ֻܾã̧ܾҲá
ʵզЦ

Ц꣬ʵۿ죬ûʲôˣߣȥԺתת
ԺʹԶſ֡ǹҴ֮أϵɣˮΪأʯΪɽľΡʫơͷʮʫơеأ׿孵˵ɡ溲ԺľġأһȵĶ֮ء

ʵۼҺԺǳӭһ۱Ⱥп½
ɫĳϣг֮С֮УȻҫۡ
ֵֹУ½նڽУڣҲδܺͻϡǼĴࡣ
½Ժиֵȴޥס

ĸ磬ĸ硭
һ
ʼնвšͽ壬Ҳ
Ĳ
ӵڻʱоԼġ

վڻʵ۵ĿԽʵ۵ļ½
С½̽á
ˣĽʹԱɴʱһ˳ɫӣȴο

ޥǰ˻飬ûǰ½ɫӰ࣬ҲйѹȴиõĻ䡣ûɣǱȻģޥΪʲô
οޥǰ½顣һ뵽Ǳʲôˣûô㣬ûôɫûôҪΪޥеۡ
Һá

½ѧʿ̶̽ʵ̧ӣ˻ʵǸźڵ׽۵ˣڴ΢΢һЦƿߡ
֣Ǹ˱ò̫һˡ

½Ժʵǰ˸ӴŵˡӴ¥Ǵżʼ½ĵͶӰӡ
治࣬˵Ļ٣ÿһ½ؿһۡ

ڳˣʱ׵ؿԭüۼǹ˲֮ȥ
Ĵɫһ͵ĸо纮ɡ
ֻˣΪʲôҪЦ

½üͷȴʵۺȻʣ½䣬ιüչ
˵Ŀⶼ۵½ϡ
½ã͵ʫһףŵüѾ䣬ãѾˡ

ʵ۴Ц˴ӵȥԺбΪʵʱġ
ƽձڲ࣬ʵۣʮֵʿȴ
ʿǹ٣ǺֹٵıѡҪںԺѧϰ꣬ͨ˿֮󣬲ܴӴƷļֿʼΪ½ĺֹ١

ܹٳĹǣǽʿ뺲֣Ǻֲڸ
Ĺٵ;һʿҪͨĽʿ;ö࣬ԼʮʱͿɡ
ֻʿֽ׶λӴʵۣżܵüգȻǼȸԾܶԾԾԣڻʵǰ¶¶

ʵ۵Ժ뿴˲żüΧ龰ʵǳã嵭ͻ̸۵ǸˡǼ´Ĳ졣
ʵԼѧδжãȴģ˺ãʿĻᣬ¶

ʿСʱʱ䣬Ǹˣʵۼ뺲ֹǽ̸
ֹʱ䣬̶̽׫ޡֶ˳ֻλѧʿʵۼ

½ͬǳǰͷȥţȴǸɫ۵¸ֶͥе
Ƕ񣺡
΢΢ͷ

Ǳ߹ȥ
½֡Ȼںס½
½ͣǰ˶ûͣҶԻ̬ǣһҪܲò
ûغ»֮ϲ
½ˡ

½˵꣬ӡ
ˣʡ
ֱ顣ǻˡ־Σ

½ϸᣬֱ棬ۣۡⷽӺá
ȺּҴӣѰĹŷ˶٣ҫһ£׾ϵ㡣
½˿

ԳĻЩʱѧϰʦҲСɡѰŷƣ࣬ѡҡ
½ͷʺ϶
һŨ㡣ڹǣ֪ԭѬ㶼ѬŨ
ĵ½ˡ
ȴ΢΢һЦҲ㡣

һ
½Ȼһ¡
иˣһʱվˣҲͬ㡣
ļᵽԼζ
˴մȾŶԷζ䣬û˱ǻܡ
ޣһ塣

֣ʣֿļ
ûС½Ŀڣܵĸоֻżܡ
ֱ壬һ£Ҫߺ֡ŻӡʮӡʮһӡʮҲýѧˣѡ½ΪСǽ

ʵûеճӣʳ֮ĸòʣʳĸۣѾ˵ʧȥ˾λĻᡣ
ŻФĿǰ˵ǻʵ谮ģ̫ӵĴѡ
ν⡱ǻûȫĽ׶ΣҪ½Լȥֺȡ
ǰ֪£ơ

½׻Ϊʾá˵ݵλȨƣǲҪġ
ת뵽ˣܹҲ磬˵ڳͶʣ㷺
ôһ룬Ͳˣи񣺡л

ͷ½ˡ
ֻһתղ˵ȵǰԺȴ
½и񣺡ʹ
Сڰ֣֡
½߹ȥˡ

Сˣ
ʣôô
С괭ڣİ
һ˵ŻʵȥԺˣСѾӱԺܡ
Ψ֣Ψִʲô֣

ҺûˣƼ磬۸˼½ԡ
øѬҫ
Ȼû




219.   219    

219 

ޥųԷ, ļ̲˶ںġ
ҶСӱ֤ȻôζǿԵġɱĲУΨڳϻ츳ġ
ޥǣҸӰɡ

ҶڨڨصҲ, ܣԼҡǸҪԴ, ǽģǺμҴҳ, Щء
ޥҶ֪
˿鴶˿ںںĲˡ
ǲ˵ζȻĻСӲÿ

ǰ, ǰɡСӵͷŶˣҪȻɫζȫˣѧ, ģ
ޥЦˡ
ҶֵʵҲͦóԵģǰ, ǳ׵ġǵ˻ŵһγԵ
ҲǱ, Ǳ˶ԴЩʳޥĺã˭ҵţ
Ϻμ洶ġҶ㾹֪

ޥûھġϤ, Ҫȥ⿴Ҵȥ
Ҷȹ꾩, ÿﶼϽȥģ˼ȥ
ޥֻЦЦûش
ҶǺ, Լ֪ޥҲѰǲ̫һġ
ޥͣǻƻŮ, ϶йɷɷأǹѸôģ
ӵŽҶûеݺȨƣȴҶڣȻпԵġ
ҶҲ׷ˡ

ãԺ³Է
Ǹլӣ󣬵ʮ־ɡ˼ңʵС˼
Ժǽ˼ҺӵЦ
ҺӶ࣬ͬˡҶ̾ס̫ɾǵķ̫Ҫ뻻״Щģ̫˽ǡ
ЩѰ˼ҵѰգ̻ޥҶ߶߶˵¶Цݡ

˽ҶصСЦݣޥ۽Ǿ
СЦ޺¡
ֵܣԡá֪͡бڳˡ
ָʲôˣ
ǿһ֡֡

СĿֱּǽҹУ˻ֻп˳ܶƫ˳ȥˡˡ
˵ءӹͷ治ɫҪȥۡ
Ǵڣй磬Ŀ̫ˣʵÿ궼ѡͬĽĿ롣ȥԷۡ

Ҹ㰲Ÿλá˵ʱȥɣñУ˿㡣Щˣ˿ˡ
ȷõ飬ޥ˵á
Ӧˣ͸ˡ

ûʵҲܼ򵥡
ģҪ͸ˡ
ޥ˿̾⸱ɵӣЦˡ
ҲϵЦǿƲסġ

Сûˡ
۾˵Ǹʹģ˵˻۾˵
һ££õҡ
ȥˡ

ޥܲڼ
Ǻ䰲ȥˡ
ޥ˵С/£һ顣
СڶУ䰲ӡ
ֻǰһ˸ˣΪˣ䰲ֵò졣սһӺģ¾Ҫˡ
СֶʧȥȤתͷȥ䰲ӡǲµĺֺݲˡ
ְֺֻޡ

ޥԼ壬ԵȴҲ֮ˡ
Ҫ˵жమ䰲ӣޥšСΪ̫Ϥ
ϻͷȥ䰲ӣ˵ףǲ뿪

ϾͬѰˣǰҲܳΪˣԶҡ
ޥޥΪӣļˡ
СŮӻãƫֻӣκһˡˣֻǱ˵ɷ

̾Сޥˣûбˣ쵽׸ʲô
ûʲô
ޥ
ƿߣ̱£ȥ˺Ժ

˶٣½ԡ
ֶ˶٣ųһ㡣
ٶ˶٣Ҹ㡣

üԺ˹ܼɣֵ²֪˾ﲻ֪ŶҪɱˣȥ½Ѭ㡣
ޥе㡣
תˡ
ڨڨϡ

һֱѾͷǣ԰ޥѻѣǴһ𣿡
ޥûԼû֡
ֵ㲻
ӦҲֻһ죬ˣΣ
ޥ㾹Σ

´ʼգޥΣȫڱˡ
㱧סޥ
ޥ֣ģ

ޥȻȥۡ
˽ҶСӣϸȥҪȥġ
ޥۣǻźľ¥λõİ䡣ܿĲ̨ʵ۵̵ĳǵλáȫ
¥ȫȥˣȫǾǵĹŮǡ

ҶСȴϲ˳Ｗ˶
ŽǣŹӣ߳Աߺȣ߿֣ҪŴȲʡ
ϲ

ޥڽҲ۵ģֻǵָʢ󡣹̨һƬƮģĿˡϾǻʵ۳ңѰܼĳ档
ֻţֺܿûˡ

ޥȥô£
Ůȥţķӽǻ䣬Ѿܾˡ
¥ģǷǸġޥ˾䣺ʲôˣ
ӵҵС

ޥԾǵĹŮǲϤ֪Сʲô
ȴ֪
ⷬǻţɸޥģΪŷֹ·
С常̫áֻǶ˭£ǸղӲǱţǱ㲻ˡ

ޥǱ˭𣿡
ӲЦ
ʵǸ˼ء
סЦɫǱȨơ

ʵ۹ϵãгģվʵֻ󣬲Ȩ
Ǵʵµĵʵֻǻʵۼūʵ۸Ȩ
ޥŴأӽ£ûȨƣǾҪ۸

ⷬҲǾģɲҵȺͶʹģûȨƣֻſˡ
ǵ˶࣬ڽҲƼЩֳǰȵĵײ̣ǳǹ·ġ
ϰˡ

سǣдҶɣѵõĴأһһ¡ޥ
оģҲûӡֻܾûģ඼УϱˣôŮ
سǿģлˣ
컽ֵǽһֽ֡˳ʳһӾϲˡ

СİʵѾܺˡ
һõİܲȥء겻һ䣬һ
ֻ꣬С½̽ҲӣҪλõһ䣬ƫ˶ˡС˵˭ңȥǻ

г裬ݼڣСҲг裬ھߡ
ѰĹٻŮܱþá˿Ҳ޴ȥ
ŮЩ£˳棬ԵСԷǸе۳ңʵ۶Ҳһֻ۱һֻֻۣܡþˣͻȫԼҵ档

ƫأ塣
˻ǼǼԺķˡ
ǽȨƺеˣȨƵ
ԺֹѰٻ£ϵȫûʵ۶ԶҴǽ֧Ҳ֮С
ŮԺߡ
űߵС㬣ңˣȥļңǸһ






220.   220    ƽ


220 

, ԶĲ̨ǳ˽ա
ʵۼҵʱ򣬰ǵޥӷĴ￴һƬƬ£Ⱥ, Ӹߴ粨˲㡣
ɽ꣬ؽա
Ԫ˵ȹ̾棬־ͼ¡߰ȥ, ˳ʮǳսѾûӰӡ

ޥԶԶȥʵ۵Χ, ʵ۱ˡ
ʱ򣬻ȻڻʵࡣŻ֮, Ƭʵ۲Ҫæˡ
ޥǲɹ˹

Ŀƶ, ʵ֮ɫȴҲһЩɫ
Ʒ, ȴܰڻʵߵģȻǺˡ
һ, ϶½
룬ֱܷó˭˭
ȴȻҿС½̽ˣǸǸ

ڷУڵ, ¥ĸǺܺõġ
ֻڣҶƿ˴, ̽ȥ˸ڴֻȵţˡ
ޥͷʣ˭
سǽȥ, ܿСˡ

С
½Ե»ӣҲС
СĺΪ˵ò򶯡, ½Լɳ޵С
ޥЦЦҡҡͷ

ڣСʣӦѾ˿˰ɡ
̻صʱ䣬ǰ͸õˡ
Сڸأڿ⿴𣿡
̴Ȥ˵ǰҩء
Сֲ֧

½û˵һֱšþͱˡҡӵһǱźţТ˳
ϵЦɭɭġ
ѾǶͷ˵
еķΧڣȻͬ

һ죬ʵʢѽڡ
µʫƪС½̽ʫţܵ˻ʵ۵׿
ԣ½Ա״Ԫţ̫ãǿʵ۵̽ڵģװˡ
׽õá

ˣʵ۰ڼݻعˣСûֿˣԼ֡
ָĸٵǰڵĻˣǴ£Ǵñ
̵ȥʡ
ȥǮ˵Сñء

ǻû֪ʲôءСȳɡ
̲ðɣϾǻء
СҪǼ޸˻䬣ϡ
û취ֻȥá
ڲʲô£Ҳ˻

ޥʰͣñ߰ɡ
ƿޥų
ȣ˴ϷĻУȻһſ̵ĵСһﺰšˡһ߼ޥǰ塣

ͣһ˼ǰͷ˿ܾͱ忪ˣֱӱ嵽ޥǰˡ
ɼԺңͨ˼ء
ǰķѾس֡˲ѣҲֻܳ֡
ֻڵʯ䣬˾Ѿڵˡ
ǿɲ㽲ʲôһһͬʱֵкüˡҸޥߵģǺ֡

˴УС˲ԣ̫ܵЩײ˹ˣ
ô˵ޥȴüղ˹ܺãҲǸС
سȴȻޥˣǸ̡
˶٣ֵСڶ档

ޥȥиŮӴһѾӻЃ̡ңȻʹ̡
ȻǸС
СķޥĸڣǱޥȳҲߵȥΪȥ¥мء
ǸλãֻΪ桢ȫؿޥ֡

ϵںޥû£ɡ
Ƿ֣˸ޥͷлȻͷˡ
ǰޥ¥
Сֱˣôôûá

ĸ̲˵СԼҲ̡ղſףǻ߸ŵģǷеľ
ʵܱȵġ

СֱԹųͦ󡣡
ʵޥҲ˼ҶࡣֻߵķӶǾ·磬̳ȣһƵĸо
СֱԹ˼ңǣ
ӳ˃̼ӽ

ޥһ¥һسǣ
Сʵһ֪Լʲô
سȴµ߰˰ˣţ뿴˵
˴Ӳ¶˺ġ

˭ûеء
ٺ棬Ҳû˭װȥײ˼Ůİɡ
ޥʣسǣҪȻĻǼҶɣ
شǡ߻ش𡰲ǡ񶼲ԡôʱͳˡǼҡأ

سǾͺߺͷסЦ
װ˵ôѵ㿴Űɡ
سֿЦ¡

С·ϣȻܾ㣬ѳƷˣˤĿ֮ˤ˸ࡣ
ô£ԭ·бȻһӣžȥѰǸˣʧ˺ˡ
С˳󣬴ŭҪǱ˾Ǹ˲ɡ

ǶӣʵǱ˾˸ûдĹһάΰ
һ첻֪˶С͵͵ͽӵϷŮ˹ĺӵ¡
СҪ׽ˣ֪ʲôҲ߽ͨȺ￴֡Ǵ򰡣ⲻǴ

ʱ϶ǿɢ˵ˣһȺˮйƵģﻹץס
Ǳ˾ֻܺ߹ӦСˡ
Сӡ

ޥصԼ˷
л磬ȻŻ
һޥ㱧Թһ죬ᱳʹ
˵ţ۾ֱޥ

ޥȥûذѡ
ˣ
ӣԺĴҿ²Ӷ

Цˣסһգ˫ء
С¿ɳˣûУҽسȥѵһ¡
Ϣ졣ޥ
˵سרŵȻ˵ء
ޥС¶ѣѾѵˣˡ

ʵСʱһģϲһһƽ˾ȥˡ
ܵɳҲǣ֪ԭ¼ļױɢ˻˻Լ˵Ƿ˾ͷˣ̹Ȼؽܼˡ

һֱġޥҿɲԵ±Թˡ
ɵӣɱǡ
ޥʵǸСò£ֻλɡûģȴҪȥˡʵϲ

ֵسºзִ磬ֻһѵҲû̫֡鷳
̾
ޥĪôˣ
ڶ

Һʱ¹鷳Ե˵ҲǸ鷳
ϣǳЩ鷳ЩԽԽãͱҲû¡ûбʰá
ֻңȥʰʱͣźý֪벻ҡ

ޥ´̧Ƭ̡
ɵɵȥϴ衣
Ųŵأȥ
һ𡣡




221.   221    

221 

½ص, ֱȥ鷿
鷿ͣ鷿ȫԼ˽ܵط
ܿ[[ˡ

ؼ, ֱʹȥ߭[[ˡҵıŭ[[Źι顣
½˿¶΢Цн
ֵ, Ϣգȥ㲮ĸ

[[ʣ, 𣿡
֣ܶˡ½ͷ, Тʹȥһȥ
ܳδŮΪĸն˥, ꣬ʵһ㶼ʮ, [[¼Գ
Т, ƽҲֻ½ɸȥ½ɷˣͬ壬Լҡ
⻰, [[ڴ

˭[[ȥ½鷿īɫ, һͼ
ƽ۽㰲ֻһԲ, 
½һɣº£Źȥ¡
½һ, һߴǷī϶͸ϣȥ˼ҡ

⻭ġ
ԺǸˮţǻʵ۽̣ҪԺѧԵĹͬʱʵ۵ĹʣԱѯ󣬵ʵûʲôˮ
ŬΣѾʿֵĶ㣬ҲƵķӡ
Ϊ˱˰ǩͶģ󻭸ʷѵģдĹ־ģȵȵȵȡ

½ֻ˫Ȼ
˶֪С½̽︻һģ䣬Ǹ̸ְˡ
Ǿ벻һС½̽񡢼Ǯģġֻƽ½Ĳʳ˼̻𣬵֮Ѿȫˡ
ǳʵ
Ʃһͼʷѱǧ˻СΨ½̽٣

½̽ڵģδǸ࣬һüĹ켣
ɲĲѧڻʵҲ
ֽã˿Դаǧꡣһδ½̽󣬱˿ԴҵĲ
һ󣬱㲻ֹǧˡ

ƽǮ˵İţѧʿȥ硣캲¥
½ͷ
캲Ǻ½ͬİۣǴӣӻ½£Ҳ£ѧϲֲ٣ҲϲӣΪͶ

ڶո磬Ѿȡ
ȵǵҺװѾúáִɡ
½Ĵӣ˵ͷ̧ǰϡ

˿ѬݳԶ
Ѿǰ崹µ˳ã̧ͷԼҺ֣ĵһģȥ֪ҪʹŮӿóˡ

˷ѧʿϣ粻Ѿλͬˣ½ִǷѧʿдĶͬꡣ
˿½ǰһ캲Цʫ㣬룬ˣŪ
ҶЦ

ѧʿŮҲѾˣ׽׽˸ʿ
ŮҲˣ˳ӻҡСԼ·㣬˸ᣬ͵͵½
һɡһķȴҷķ
С۲ѣ̾̾

ѧʿҵˣ캲Я½¥ȥһ
¥̷˾ĹٷĶǹټˡС½̽ˣͷﱧÿ
캲ֽĶͶģᣬƽһ
캲ְ½ĸˡ
½ֻһۡ
˫续캲ֻͷһͷĬҲö䣬Ҳö䣬Ҳö䡣
˱ѹѹ

磬㣬Ȼʫ˴󷢣ʫʽֻﳪ˭ġ
Ȼǳ½̽ġ
½̽⼸״һһ֪Լˡ̧ۿˣɾ뷲䡣

ƹѲҹɫҲɢʱ
С½̽ѩ裺̽ˣȥūķЪЪɡ
ޣ˻Ȼ֮֮㶼Ҫ½̽лֱۣĪ˼һƬ顣

½ͷͷֻۣô˾Ϥ
Ů˰ˣ޵ģ
ˡ
ˡ
ûʲôˣǱˡ
Ӧġ

½Ӧû
һŮʲôţ
վھϣתˡ
½סĿڡ

ֱ¥캲ֻԹ½
Ǹ˲һ涼ءˡ
½һŮˣοΪüǸġ
Щˣƽ۷
캲ִۿȥҹɫ½ü伸⣬°ҹзҪɶȥ
캲̾ø


½Žֵϵɺƻ
ΪβٶЦ˽ҵĻ
֮£ˮ˽ԵиΨԼů֪

صУƷƲڣ½鷿Լĵط
ѾǰΪѣӻ֣¡
ͭǰȥ˿еĺˡ
תͭ
ãͭ£ٲˡ

̽ɺֶרܿ촫˳
Сֻˤ˱ӣƾʲôƾʲô
ĸٵǰ߳˵ʲô취ϲʹ졣㣬취
ֻһͷ󡣡

ޥǻԸġ
½Ҳ̤ʵӣʮֺáڿТˣҲܾţ񾩳ͷƣ﹫ΪһǧҲδܵüһ档

ˣ׳ޥˮϷ
شÿˮʮʩչÿѾȥһ񴲣ڳرߣȵʱˡ
ޥ˵⻰ҲʱˮϷһأޥؿڣ붯ʱ
ԣֻЦ̾ѽ

⻬ıֵ񾩳˶۴£½̽
ޥʣ𣿡
ѾˡЩҶ׷½̽¥¥һƬ졣СѾ촦ƺɫķˡ
ҲãϾһ죬٬ġ

ѾҪˣССġ
ޥЦؿҧһڡ
סЩ
ޥԸǸ۵ġ
סſذϣЩ

ͣˣҪޣ˵
ȵͣ´Ȫ빬ˡʱǶȥҲȥ
ޥʣô¡

Ǿ˳ʱ޵ĹھΪȪɽɽơǵطˮõģǾȨޱԷĵط˳䣬ʵ۲ԣ˶ʮ꣬ʼұԷһ޳Ȫ빬áŲȥ칫ʱڸŲȥ

ȵʱùһءϵǻ֮һֱ㣬ͼΣûùȥ⶯ʼɣȻˡ
۵ǻѾ꣬氲ȣҲɿɿˡ

ޥʣȥܶ𣿡
ֻҪȥˣͷĶȥ
ģۼʮദԷȪɽһɽڼԶնȥɽȪɽúܣˡ

ޥ죺ʮദ𣿡
ǻࡣ
ޥ
£ޥҲûʡຼʱˡ
ã㰲Űɡ

Ѯһձһȡ
Ʒƴӿص˾ǡ





222.   222    Ѱ

222 

ĸһжܺ, ֻ˯߲áƷƸ½
½񳿻ߵϢ½
½ĵ½Ǳߵ
½˵ʳסнõģ½ҲʮְأնϷ, ½Ҳмӡ
ֻʧ֢֮Ҫ

ĸ, ʹĸףİطӦ, ֻƷƵĸҲ, һչ˷Żġ

Ʒ̧ԼķϿ顣
ֿ, Ǹ˻οƷƴͷЩ½ȥ½˻Т, ׻û
ֻ£½, ˭

ã½ˡ
ƷƳ˿
˿½̲ס, ĸλʮĳ
½ϡ
Ҹȥʱĸ׼˵ҳ, ĸ״䵭ǲϲҡ֪, ĸ׿ʧߣƣŲ˵, ĸ׽һҸúùӣҹԼӡҵͷҲ֪Ǹˡʵ

ͷˣ½̧
Ʒеɬš
½ĿɢڿһŵҲ̫Сˡ
ƷƵϾʮˡ
Щ
½ûֻȥϢһ°ɣˡ
Ʒ΢΢ظеʧ䡣

Ʒƹ[[ΪŮϷ밲
ϷĶμҼƷƵϢңƷճӴ
[[ʺ˼ĸʺĸƷƵĸһаãҺúչ㡣

˵⻰Щʧ䡣
½Ȣ֮½[½ˡʵϣ½½ڽ½[
ƷֻʳסϹһ½[ܾãԼ޴ʹĸо

ְοԼŮıǸԼĸʵҲ׵ģ׵ĻҹߵĽ衣
ҵǸĲ裬ƷƵҲ޹
ƷƵ迴½լֵ޵ģһ½[ߴӿ⸮ˣһ½鷿Ѿͷǣһϱ
Щž֪Ǵҳū͸
Щھǲľѷһ

ƷƺȻ½ҵ/̳͸ʮֳɫģؿ½ȴҳ
룬ܾûǾΪŮ˲ŵԵʡ
ֻһ̾½ĲȥǰͷǸհá

[[ȥƷƵҲڸתһȦѲӹˡڿЦʲô
Ʒƣ
㽫½¸Ʒơ
ƷҲ֪ġ籧ԹӣҲûš
½ƷϷ˺Σֻл

ʵ빬ȷˣʮҡڸҪŹȥȻ
Ȫ빬ΪɽȪɽɽƣжƬȾࡣ뾩ʵڲԶҲͰʱ͵ʱáʮַ㡣ʵֺֽõı֮ء
£ұ㿪ʼǲԷȥʰɨǰ͸ֶȥ

½ɼȪɽҲбԷ½½㲮ĸ˼ǣϴŭ[[һסڼС
νָľ½ɼҵȪɽԷҵıԷ
½ԼȪɽûбԷⶫҲ˵̾õģȥѡ½ɼҵĺҵġ

½ȴ[[ȥТ
½ɵֲǽȥ磬ǼбԷСסˡ
½ȴԵǳԵס

Т½½Ժ̫ϸΪ游ĳҲܹ˵ֻֻˡȥӣԶԭ[[ϸ񣬽ТȥȪɽ
½ɷʮϲ[[ʧԹ˼䡣ֻվҲԼҵĺӣǵ˼Ҹ׵ġ

½ؼƷƵһȥ빬ȥסҵıԷҵıԷɣ㡣ֻ[[ȥТ
ƷҲû뵽½½[ôϸ˵ŭ[[ȥұԷȥסҲϭ[[ġ

ԥһ£¶ĵȻ[[ȥﲻֻкӣ°ɡ
½ףҲãֻˡ
Ʒʲô࣬ұĸ
ֻ½ӣȻƽЩȻҪʰĶ
һ׼ɷ

ƷƵһЩ˵ʧ䡣
ˣô¡޻˵µ˵ˡ
̾һѽҲ룬ѲˡڵģŸҪءСŮҵ˼ȻԶͻݳּҪ£ͺܶԡĶԴá
ڴϷ㡪ֻ䣬躬û˵
ƷﻹСŮɫΣ費ֻ飬飿
ֻϣܾ׹ãྴĶˡ

½Ϣʮֿݣ½[ϢѾСˣֱӱ͵ޥޥ½ҵĽĵ֪ˡ
[[ȥ΢΢졣
[[Ŷأʲô½ԣǵġ
ЩᣬЩ˵ĸܡ

ҲȥȪɽˡ
һѪĬĬʻȥ뾩ǲŶʮƬ̾ͻˡ
һڼء㡣ޥסȥȪɽ빬ȾǽУӵĻ֮أ벻ģһˣ
ͷ㲻һֱҺúù侩𣬵ȴ˶ˣҾͺúȥ䡣òã

һ䡰òáȻ˽
ЩƶģͻȻɢˡ
̼ǵǰ°֮ޥΪŭ[[ԼʱҪƤˡ½[ɱġ
ʲôʱЩɢˣ

СҲס㿪ľͺá
˵⻰Ȼͨ͸Ȼ
Ĳͺ
ξʲôαرĩãǿ

ޥȴգգۣؿ
ʣʲô
ˣ˵šޥҵúúÿ㡣
ʧֻȷû취ֻȥ㿴úÿ㿴
ޥ۾оĴģᡣ
ޥˡ

ʱܿȥת۵µףͿҪ̡
⼸պܶ£Ŷɢֵ磬Ŵȥ½·ϣȴһǰ·
һŮ߳Ҷ죡´֮ǰȿ˭ٿԼ˭
½ϣһŮϳ
߱Χ۵Ⱥ赲ˣҲõϱȻһڰġ

Сϲˣϲñӳˡ
һȽڣұΡˮŮһյЩ˵ǰϣЩ
ŮʵССĸһ䡰ò
ȽĸŮӲ磬ԼҸȴòС˵ǰһӳŮ

һĸ˳ײˣײ˸ˣ⸾˾Ҷ죬Сӵˡ
һһޣ˵ˣƤⶼѿˣѪȾѡϵ˶ǰ

Сһ˦ȥٴ׼ٳ£бȻһȣסǱӡ
СȻתͷ˼ĺס绪㣬һ˫Ӷˣ
½½̽⧲תŭΪϲЩ͡

ŮһġҹŮ
СȫȻԼʲôƽһκ½ͷЩΡ
ҵĿ£½ʣºιʷŭ

ǣңϵңС
½ϣıǡ
⾩ĹŮ󸾼ҲûСһһ֪ȸߡ
ֻ˵ֻӱӳˣǱضСˡ

½ʵ̫⣬ϻӶºͣʵ۱˸ӣ֮ʮ׺ֻأÿһôһࣿ
һǾһҵСŮ

½۵Ѫܵˣջӣ⸾ǳײð˵£ֻѣǷ̻ô¿ݣˡɡ
˵ֲСˡСЦ绨мֽߡ񣬺Ѱ͸ղǸڱ̢˵Ŀеϵһ
ߴӵʣ̽ؽ

²ռ̣ոɢֵˡ½һ߻شһǰ֣˸롱Ķ
Сؾ͸ǰߣϲ̽ҲҲȥҿס빬ܼܲ̽

½СĴӹ֣빬סڹǰ󹬣룬ǲ̫ܵüµġԸ빬ɢģÿġ
Сʧ𣿡
£ɡ½˶࣬㣬Ҫˡ
СãСıˡ

½̧˸롱ĶС㷭ˡ
½ݸߣٻᡣ
С᣺̽ٻᡣ

Ƕɵˡ
½غһۣС뿪
Сתͷճտ½
½

ƶôÿС¶ճյЦ
ֱ߹֣ӭ洵˷磬С͵زѹ
ңؾˣסز˵䣿ɵô
룬ɲɵô
½̽ˮһͺǼλڹԹҲɵˡ

Сһߣ½ת
Χ۵˶η塢ĳǸ˻Ѫ
½ȥʣ˿ڴˣھӣУ
·˵ûСǺμҴɢĸˣ߽ģǶʶ

½ƽۡ£λɩҽ
ƽ۴ӱ£ˡ
½תӹ֣׼
˾
ͨɩӣ
ͨɩӣ

½Ȼתͷ
߹ȥǻԵĸѾż˹¶һմ˻ҳѪ۵
ƽѰ˺þòߣ






223.   223    ľ

223 

½, 齼ϵֽ
ѾǸ߳ȥ˿ڣŵֽ
һ·ּʵڲôǵຼ¡Ǵຼ͵ĸµĿհ·Ĺ½ܼ, ֶС

һȴ顣½ͨߡʲôɶûдֻдΪɷӡ
ֽŷһ, ຼʲô
ޥѲϵ, ޥ, ½ͨθޡ

һţ, ԭޥġڿʱҵľ˵ȱߵ
ʱ, ½ԤС񣬹ȻӦ顣
ȻԼ

Ѿߵμ, 棺ˣҪ֡
½ֽսУߵ
ܵƤ, ѾҩáվڷУ½, ȥ
½½ͨҵģ˵

ֻҡͷһӾ͵ˡ
½Բ£, ǧǣл˵, ˵ɡ
̧ͷ
տͷ켪һйˡļǲдһ˿˿

ӣ͵طȥͷڵϣٷ飡ԩ
ӣȥˣ׿ڳٷǱ½Һˣ
ӡ
̫ĻҪ½˵Ҫ½˵ᣬҪʵ֪鲻ԣҪ½ͨһӶ˽ȥ

Ȼ½̧ӡ
ߡ½סڡ
ߵȻֹ

½͡
ҵķޥڼ֢Ӹຼ½ء֪ʲô£Ϊֹ
ߴס
ˡ½˵[[š

ߴؿ½
⹫ӣӵһμ͸߸ϣƶƮŵˡͷװʮӶֹǴˣǽԪǻԪ̽
ӶóΣﶼ֪ԡ
ˣô벻


촽ǡ
ûпǡ½ߣûС
˵䣬ӡĿɢڵذϡ
ã̧ӣߣпǡߣʲô

ʲôãȻ룬ǧѰѰޥķʲôأ
ʲôҲ˰
ޥֻĹ½
ô½ʲôˡ

ܣТƶȣϽԱԼ
׺ӣ½Ϊӣɹ涨ҪΪ½
ٷˣΪͣɹ涨ҪΪ½
򣬱˷绯ףľͳǡ
˹涨˹涨

ߣȥٸ½͸ùٽ״֮ǰ߾ҪȰһɱΪԼĳͷ
ùٻ
ҹֱĹԱΪž͸аֻһɫһɱҪߵ±ֱ˽ˡ

ƭ[[ĸΪͱ£޷Ĳ½ǭ[[
ô
ǿǷ޹Ƿ񹫵
ȫݺ㽲ķ

߲ǲֻؿڱһ
ֻ벻ףΪʲô
Ϊʲôõ˱˺ԩ

Ψһ״½ģʵֻ¼ҡ½˸¼ûˡ֪Ψһץסϣ½ˡ
һһֱŵ˾ǣȴ½£˱˵ɡ
йˡ
ȵʱһ䣬Ҫʲô
ոһڳйˡ
˵ϣޡ

ΪʲôΪʲô
Ϊʲô
߾ãһʲôطǲԵġ
ֻûʶһӶ벻ס
Ҫи˸Ϊʲôͺˣ߾Ͳʹܱˡ

½ſڵϴ޵ĸˡ
½ҵ/̳ľŮǱȣߵò鶼̫ˡ½ҵһ죬磬¼ҿʼûϵѾͷ
ǰݼڡޥǼУΨһһģһֱ

½ߵǰߣúܺˡ
ޥȪ֪ػο
ˣͣ°ɣߡ°ڣ͵ɡ
[[Ƕ[[ǡȥˣû½ҡ

߻һΣ½ˡ
½ϥأǰδƽӵĽǶȿ
ӣǸ߸ϵ
𣿡ʡ
Եġ½ͣɡҲ˰ɡ

۰
ۺۡľˡ
ֻǸū澶ѣûʶûͷԣֻһ֧ȫľˡ
˽ֻͣͣüͷжǧ
ˡ

Ҫ½ͨȥ𣿡½ҿԽջ顣
ᣬֻҡͷ
ޥ½ͨһҶѲ˸ϵСҲ·ϡ½ͨķԵѾˣǸٻزȥˡ

½ʣҪ¼ȥ𣿡
ǰȫģˣ૵¼ңѾû˰
½ü˭˵ģ
ߵˣ˸ҵġ

ĸʧߵңǺͿˡߣǲȥ¼ңƭ㡣½¼һأͬͨŵġ
£𣿡
ءֻǡϸ½ˡ½ӣǣҲˡ

¼Ҳޥǵѡȴǲ½ȥ״½
Ψһʸȥ½ȥΪޥԩˡ
Ϊ½ٽ׸ߣ½Ҹ𣿻Ϊ˸[[·үүܱһѾͷмʶǶѡˡ
ߵͣ

Ҫ¼ȥ𣿡½ʣҿȥݡ
ֻҡͷҡͷޡ
뿪¼Ѿô꣬ĻصȥοΪѾͷûбùˣôܻȥ

ңҪ˫ͬȥ˵ңǣҰţμҴɢϰǸˣңû
ʵö϶״Ρ
һǷŻӶˣҵãûȥҡ

ԭ½޴ȥˡ
Ǿҵ檰ɡ
̧ۣãȻؿ
½֪㱣ظһ飺ҵ檡

ҵĺլһϯ֮ءŵԵĸ㣬һȣԡ
촽
½ɡ
վ

߻л㱡
ǵ½һģʲôţ
ˣѾͷ½Ĵ֮Уһ䡢ݵĹ衣
ֻ룬עʵֲˡ
ôͺԤףȫ޷ء
Ĩȥ
ڸȥͷأлӡ

½ʣ㱾ʲô
߷Ӧһұ򡣡
½ͷˡ
ꡣ

½棺ӽҵҡ
ҲʶߣǸӱѸ꣬ſ죬˵
½ȥúðá
˵꣬뿪

ãȻƬ̣ڵϻߣ߹ȥȺɩӣ
̸ĿڣɡԼ𣿡
߿ϤףͷԼȴʧˣֳһΣʧˡ
겻֡
߳˵Σڻλεվ
ɡ
߸һ
Ӵ

½ȥ˺լƷƣһ檡
⵱ͷһֻѳҸеƷƴˡ
½㣬չ˺ûͬ⣬ʲôԴ

ƷƵ˵Ĺеб仯
ᣬȴǿгǣӲҪһЦӲظǡ

Ƕʰ
ĴŮȻʰ
ԭϵŮӶʣĸȻȡ

һֱ½ӵҪ󣬶ԼĸΪϣԼӣӵ½ǰķȺأʲԹҸ֮𣬵ȻԴ
ʼӦþʲôʣӶȥοĸ׵ʱĸ׾Ѿ͡
ôʱأͣޥʱͣɷ̧һһңһһѾߵʱǸ͵ĸףѾܲʲ
һ·ôòʲ˵أ

½Ʒƣǰ㱿ģȴޥھϵǸת
Ҳˣǿһ̾ˡ
ûˣֺĶʣ
½еĿϸܵĴ̡
˺ѡ






224.   224    

Ǽǰ, Щ޴ɹˡ½ǽһ䡣
ƷƵޡ
Ϊһͻ
Ҫչ˾ӣ˾, ôء

ӱùͨĶҪ˵ġ, ӣСˡ
ͨ, ƴӣӡ
檵, ô׾͸ӡ

½ߺƷ䡣
, ҲǳԾ侲, ȱţ˵
Ʒҧ
½ﶼ˵ˡ֪Ǹò, ½ϡ
ֻŮܶأеķȺȱС
ô, ﻹܡ֪ĸסĸǣôġ

ž, 㱵ܾòʵ
죬ڳµĻÿ伢, öһһʱǰһ˵ūײˣһ, ȫˡʹ֮࣬䣬һٱӲڽͷˡ
ڣѾ߸޳У˲

ʰã棬˵ԺԺӣԺӣЩѾͷѾͷ
˵ȥݼ˰ɡ
檲ҪýƸҪ޵ýӲ裬㡣

߱ƷƵǰ
Ʒƺ趼Ȼ
ƷʣǰҲǼ𣿡
ߵǡ
ʣ֮ǰڿ⣿Ǹմӿû㣿
ຼ⸮пˣ֪Լݸסͷǰͷٷ˵Ѿͷ˴ܼҼӡˡ

ƷƺȻ
ϴЦ˲˾衣
˹ƷƸǰ£ƷŵؽӹһڣѾߡ
Ѿͷ̣ź첼˸͡
һСѾͷӹȥˡ
ɡ

ˣƷƳһǰĶûˡ
Ҿ˵ˣȿ˵
ԭΪչǰͷλޡ๫塣ƷƵǰͷ˵޴Ѿͷֲڣ
ССôྫѾͷ

۾ɨѾͷĸˣһͷڲסĽ
Ѿͷıͷ檡ֻ檣ܱĽʳ
ˣ£ҲȲˡһӾͽȥˡ
λ治֪ĸ֣մǰͷ˵Ĺ⡣

ģͲźǺֵġ˵־Ǹϡ
ƷüܼҼҡǲ½½ӵļ
Ȣǰͷٷ˵޴ѾͷٷûˣѾͷ㱻ˡ

̾㿴ٷˡұԺˣֲնû£ܼҡšˡǰͷٷ뻹дٷ»Ű꣬һ˿ûУǲǲҡ
Ʒۿˣ̫ˡ
ݸûһλһ£ʲôûˡ
ʤꡣ

½ƽߵ
һˡ
Լֻޥġȴ顣
ޥʱΪ߰ź·ȴѾˡֻûȥŰ

ƽ۵Ҫ𣿡
ǡ½дŸ½ԺҵˡǱ߲ʲôͣ¡
ƽ۴ͷȥ
½Ƭ̣ƽۣһֱ׵ģǰɡ
ƽ۵ͷø

½Ҽӣͳ½棬ԼͷԴ
Ԫˣôܲ׷顣
׷һ֪ٲȥˡ
ٲȥһȫұģ͸ˡ

½Ĭ˰ΣҲСˣ˵Ѿһɡ
ƽɬȻǡ

ƽȥ½ֽī
ûͼˣһ
ֻ˱ʱã£ıϱǰ١
īˣϣȥװѡ

뿪ƷƵϷȥɡ
ͨԲҪһ߲ͨ
½[Ժӣҵļһ֪ſϲ£

߻ţ½[
·˵¼ҵʱҲôɣܻС
߶ʣ㻹ǵ𣿡
½[ǵˣλǣ

½[һʱ߾ͷˡû½[ߴܾá
˵Ѿߣǰܳ裬Ҳ˸ǰˡһܲһӣ˵ĳź͸涼޵ģѾԺӣȥԺﻹû޵˸δ޵ѾǵĻӰ̫󣬴Ҷں
ߣҲޥǰȥġÿȥޥ£Ѿͷȥġ

ҵĵⲻ裬λ㸸ɵǰͷٷ˵ѾͷġԺýа񡣡
½[㺰˰

߶ţǱ㿪ܴ񣬼Ҳ񣡡
ҵĵû˵ʲô½[طȥˣȴסˣǱϾҲʶ˵һ䡣
֪㾴ǾԼҲˡ񷨲Υţذǡ
ҲǴլˣ֪լﲻ¹ضֻ࣬ûء

ҵ½˵ĴѾͷѹӱ½˺ޥһѡΪ½[Ľ衣
ǰӵġѵߣֻͷ̡ܽ
ҵ̾˿ʣس˺ֵ½ͨأѵ
Ϊ½ͨûˣعˣ½
ߴͷұˡ
ҵȻãߵ֣ⲻøкӹˡ

뿪ҵ룬ǸԺš
߲ͨ½[ĸޣΪ½[׵Ψһһλٻ½[Ӱ졣
ԺҪ󣬾¹ش±ϱ

߻صԼԺӣҵĺǶ
ټôϤˣ߾ֺƮƮģƵġ
˹˵ܣ㶼ᡣ
Ҳǲ˵Ҹҵҵĺ͵ӡҵĵᡣ
ö˶ˡٷ˸ȥ˿ȥˣǱּȫˡ

߶߶˵˺ö໰ȴܺƵġ
ߡߣҵ
߻񣺡
ʲôأҵʡ
ߴƬ̣һǷźμҴĻӶˣҲǽҵġ

ҵȻ
ʹɫסߵ֣߽㣬±ģȥ졣
ߵͷ

Ժӣҵĵ᣺⺢ӡ
̾žͺˡ
̫ܳ˻ˡ

ɫѾ谵ˡϱͨĳϣҵţ
ͷȴϱ˺棬ͷʲôӡ
ôˣʡ
̧ͷȻء

֣ҵĶе㱡
꣬䣬һһСѾͷһ½Ұ
һۣ߶ӡ
أ

֪ô
Ƿ谮ûбƴ
ãҵ̾
˭뵽̾Ϣȴ컯

ҵĴϢ͵ޥ
ϴ裬Ѿͷ̧ۿޥˣѾͷǣ߹ȥôˣʲôˣ
ǭ[[ޥ磬ߡ

ڻޥ׵ĵڶ굽ޥߵġ
δǼַ꣬ޥޥʲôš
һ·ţ޵½ҡ

ӹűչ˿üˡ
ʵޥЦұͳ֮ǰжѾˣߵ˶ˡҵڣᱻ½ãĽѹװϻ½ҵĴܼңԴȥ֮¡
ҷ½ȴ벻һûˣͱˡ

ֽűӻû
½Ծҵ֡̾
ҪӹҲԡȰ

ӹʲôأѵ𣿡ޥ½ѾõĴˣҲõˡ
Уҷˡ
ĸ磬ô£ʵԿˣ粻

߻գŽʳӣʼվòС
ֱһգ鷿ͯˣһӸġ
򿪣ǸŮӣڣȺ

ϱĲ٣ǰ
ԭʲôˡˣһ˫۵ġ
ǰޥ˵½Ե۾ܿǹĹ켣

ϸ½¡
֣ҵ澣ߣͼԼ֮
ͼΪͼܶ˶ͼʺ棬Ȼ½־ҲĲһûκεط¡ߡӵ֡
Ů֣̫ѡ
Ҳǲ֮

ֻʱ߿仰Ի˹̤ʵϡ
յѾͷҲˣֻĽ뵱ģߵ̫ƫʵԤϲ

ʮʥݳƺƵȪɽ빬ȥ
ǸҴĦʥ⣬ⲻӣҶһС
Ǳ˾ΪŰŸӵȺ˳Է˾ǵ·æýŴס

Ʈչ
̫ˣʵ۰Űߵ˳ţ˳Ǿͻ
żͷʥݵĶ棬ǾǸҵĳ
㳵¼ūѾߣƺƵβ
һʢͼ

ϣңߵԶɽӰӣ̾㣬ڻһΡ
źɫɴߵۣ˸̤ѩıʵһͷ˭Ԥء





225.   225    

225 

½ǰͷԭѾͷ, ׻Դ̼һƷơƷȥûǸһ½[ĽȨ
ġ

½˵øˡ
ٲ̫, ʱܵ󡣡˵ңһžͰġ
Ǹֺõ, СӶʹضǺοǸ
Ȼǳֺ, ƷƾãʾһƬġ½ᶮ

½ȴܾˡ
عš, ʵªϰȡ
Ʒôªϰ, ĹﶼҪģ㿴ҵ, ˺ôء

Ѿ½˵ֻǲϸˡƷƵĽźСȻ˵е, ĺСˣǹúܺõġЬӣرСƯ
½ȴӸҿ

ƷƵʱǵͨ, յô
½úãΪβѣ
Ī˵˯, л֮ʱƷƶǴӵġ
Ʒܸ߳ܵ˿

ĽҲ˵ģ֮һȫ۹ˡӵȻ״Ư, ӲȥŲͺˡ
ϴϴ趼Сģ½ġ
˭Сѹ˿, ͽŶҪͲǡ
һ˫Сţƫ½Ӳ͡

½£ֻ[[عš
ƷգһƬģŮӲţô޵úã
½̧

[[޲޵úãڽšҡ
²˵ˣ[[š

Ҫʥˣ[[и㡣ˡ
ôִƷҲû취
漰½[£ִġ
Ʒֻܵİɣұչ˺ô

ʮ½ʥȥȪ빬
빬Ĳֺ˸Ҳйᡣ
бԷĹԱԿסԼұԷÿչǡ½û½ɼҵıԷȥͬһס빬ṩĹ

ƽд½ִ˿⡣
½꣬ʧ˺ðΡ½ӳ鲻ԣӹҲʧ
ߣȥ˾ǡûʲôʲôǣ檡

½ӵʲô¡
½̾Ǽүͺ֮䣬ʲô취
ֵдţͨһɡѰͨɵȥɣ԰Ҳã԰Ҳã֮ٳںǰˡ
Ƭ̣̾ǡ

ĻʲôãԺֻ
½ȥү˵
ƽд½ģʵϣ½Ҫ½ġһڵҵģһδҪҵģ½ֻܼм䣬Ҹƽ⡣

½ţĬãֻ١һӣ˵ңĸף
½ȡүͷ˶֮
½֡١һˣҪҶˣҲô֪ô
½أ̤ʵ
½١١һɡ

½½дŸຼ½ܼҡ
һǽ½ͨҡǽѱΪūİӴຼﳷˡ
˴ҾĬʧˡԺֻоǺָ
ǽˣ½Ҳһ
Ҳۡ

ɽˬ¹ȥתǰˡˡʥƻؾǵѾʼճ̡
ʱҵСһͨ
ߣ̸һ׮£˰ӡ
ͦѵģŵױ˼ԸôõСŮˡҲһء

ȻŮ顣
ҲޣҲޣС֣ϼƾʲôȢң
ˣϲÿģ˸ÿĲǣһͷ
Сޣʲôÿ½̽Ь䣡ֻ½ԣ
ûص˼½ֲȢ㰡˼Ѿˡ
ҵţСҸң
ˮҲûã˼Ҳģİɡ

½̽µѡ׼̫ˣȫǳοŻѡ
һٸţҲȢһŮȥġ
Сޡ
ʵҲ׵ġ

ֻ̫˱ˣػϾ˳Լ⣡
벻ޣڼֲɡ
Ůˣв޵ġŮ˼ңյиޡ
ڸڣԺûأɩˡû㡣

ҲѲˡ
С޼ɣȫǿ⸸ƣ㲻ܲ
¾öˣ˾ǾͿʼ
С֪޿أ֮£ֱӻؾȥˡ

ƫҲɣŻؾǵڶգڽƼƷơ
ƷȫҸһ֪úܺá
һ뵽Ʒÿ½మӵߣСҧгݡ
ûȥ빬оһ˿ǣä㡣

˱װҲǵȺ˵ģȥƷڵ˴
ﶼūֶͣǡ䣬ƷƵ˵ҷûȥ빬Ʒ𣿡
½⳵򲻷ˣ֪˭ң½̽ҼҺȻȥ빬ֻͻݣչТĴûȥġ
С˵ԭˣʧʧ

ССޡװʲôͻݣˡ
ʱȫǣǿ½ģֻϧ½ĵѡ

ԼҪ޸ϲˣƷȴ½మ
СҹζμƷҸЦˣĿۣõᡣ
͵ŮŨңġ
ǳˣŨҵ㶼ˮˣƫСǸˡ

ƷƾʲôƾʲôҧгݣԽԽޡ
Լĸʣͽ½ҵǸأ
ĸû֣½־ʥȥ빬ˡ
Ǽ²ˡСҧƷƲʹҲҪƷƺ½̽Զġ
ĸֻľ

˼գޥѾͷ˵ٹͻˡѾͷ׼سǺȻŲҴҽȵȥȥ
Ѿæ˳ȥ
ޥüôˣ
سǷ򴽣˵

ޥͻȻͷһ
Ȼվ[[ˣ
سæѾûˡ
һ䡰Ѿû¡ޥ԰ͬʱ仰Ҳζţ[[ȷˡ

ޥҧû£㾡˵
سǸղŲҿڣȻܲˡ
س֯һԣﱻˮұǵ˾ˡʵˡ

һأǵøл½˺üˡ
½[Ǹɨ԰ӵĴʹ͸ʵ澣ǰרڹԱԺﶢҵġй򣬲ҵֱԺЮⲿߣڼԺбٺ»ˡʹˣ̫ɵöˣݰտ½ĲʮУɸ

԰ɹ̫ԶԶһ˴½ﵽˮߡ˱Ϊ½Ȼһֱۿš
½ʮУشɱɱġһẲֵĺլʲôء
յţԶǸˣһѽ½ˮ
澣

ÿ硣
Ǳ߿񱼣½[ȹӻܡ
˸棬䣬˾䣬ֱˣͨˮ½[
ѹǰأ½[Żˮˡ

ȵüʱްسǵ
мɣȸޥ½[Ѿƽٽм̡ޥ̫
Ȼޥûм
һֱƽ촽سǽ

꣬ȷϭ[[£ʣǸأ
ʵȻǸƭ[[ˮˡ
سǵ׽סˣ½
ޥҴ
سǣ
Ҵȥˡ

룬Уˬ䣬ںլţ¾Ҳô侲ǶصŮˡ
֪ߺޥͷȥؿ
սȭ






226.   226    

226 

½Ȫɽ빬ݡ
û, ½[£½ڷˡ
رɵǣƷȥˡ

Դĸѵ֮, ˣҲȷǺ£Ҫָժ, δ޵ŮҪ¾Ǵ˶ȥˣƷƵĸﶼȥˡ

, ϲȦʵûʲôˡƷƼûɷͷû, ҳڣ, ĵس֡
صң˵˶⽫½[ˮ, ɵˡ

ȥ½[Һ, ֻ˾ţ˰ҩ˯ˡ
Ʒֻ̫Ѩͻͻ, ʣʲôˣ
˻ش𣺡Ǻ鷿һѾͷ
أƷҧ˵Ҵ

ǸѾͷץ, ȹǱȥƷƿ
˭֪, ˲ˣ
ˣ

صƷƷֻͷΡ
˲ˣ½, ʲô½˵տڰظ½˵鷿ѾͷҪŮȻˡô
һ˵½½[ĽȨ
ƷƣƺӶ˵ˣ

鷿ѾͷˣǱޥǰ
ûֱ̾ˡس˵ѾߣǸ˹½ġ
ǣ潸һƴҹ㡣
½һֱؽˡ½ڵ鷿ѾͷǴຼһʮֵãҲ͸÷ˡƽһֱڸɫµ鷿Ѿͷ

ӴһüԳǰҲǹ˵鷿Ѿͷ˼Ұˣ
̸¾ֹƴңʶĶнҲʶϣƽ½ҵ鷿Ѿͷˡˣ˽أ½鷿

֪СԼСˣͽ½ȥġ
Ŵ/ҩԭĿҪС½̽ĴƷµġ
ֻ½ýûָ֣ȥȪ빬ˡ
ɿ£СҪŪ½ŵؽ檡

ڽ˼ֻͨΪӣɫ˥֮ΪӡѳΪֵ檡
˵ĺӽԼĸǸʵ̧ͷӻΪΪ
檣ÿһܶĿꡣ

½Խ½[½[ÿﶼǵ½鷿ġ½ڼң½[Ҳ£½ú˹ΣȻҪġοල
죬½[ҵĶӡҲûбĶֻһ/ҩ

ҩǸõģҵŮӣЧͬȥܿȫȣƵģ˶Ժˣ˯
½[˵ڴμ˯ˡ

ףȷ׷ֻƽʱϸѵôи½[ڿЦЦ
½Ĺһţأɡ԰Ϊʫǲȥ԰￴˵˼Ѿ䡣
½[գգ۾

Σǳ˯ѧ
½[˵ĶˣϤѾͷ뿪鷿ԵѾͷ˵ǲøˣСˡ
ȥ԰ˣ

ˮߣˣ½[һƽˮȹӾܡ
ϴأŻû·Ż¸ӣֻ˵ȥͷԾͻܳûܻˡ
˭ϵһܹһһ
°ܡ

ޥʣ㹴½ԣ
ͷҲ̧ǡСϲ½̽ϣҪ¡
ޥʣǹ½ʲô£ΪҪ
ҵʱҲˣ˵ǡ
װֵʵ˱Сĸ̣Ҳģ㣬ù²
Ϻ½ġ

Ϊһ䡰Ҫһ
һӵ
ӲǱˣŮ
ģôôޥսȭ

ȥޥسǣȥСģ
سǰúܣղűȥˡԴ֪
ޥͷ˵Żر
޲֣˰еͷس޶˵ظеð

ӴޥСǰճȥˣ˵ȥϽıԷ
£ģС½Ůʶܳǣرܿ¡
£سִӴҴҽ￪ʼˡ
ޥȻ̧ͷ򴽣˴򣿡

Ѿҽسǵǵ˶ء
˶ٵҲ߲Ъڴķﶢš
ޥˣǰʱҴϢ
سǵǣ

ҹˣޥûЪϢֻϵϢϢʱ͹
ҩ
ﻹ˯
ʼˡ
Ѿˡ
ˡ

½ߴ˵һ䣺ˣˡ
һ䡰ƷƣȲˡ
棬ᶼˣʵҺ£ô
谲οҲĴ˭ϵ˴˻ءЩģȻܽ˷ġ

߿ģ½[ĸǸˡյʵ棬ҵıҩҲǸȣѡҲ֪ʲôŸ
ѾǸӲȥҵŻ˲ѹ
ʣҪ𣿡

լ£¹㱨١ȱ֣ɺ־١
Ʒƴͷãͷͬ⡣
ȥˡ

ʱһ½ҺͼԺĿȪ빬ɱȥ
ʵ빬칫ȨǶÿȪɽĿ֪жˡ
ҵĿУһҲۡ

μֻʣƷƺߣƷƵ
̧ۣĲҡ
ĬȻ˵뺲˵
Ʒ£ĨĨᣬҿ

ÿӣƷƽҡ
½[ңʮ˽ܵĵط
½[Ϊ˼ĸŮ֮ƷΪ˱ʾװԺӿ½[һΣ½[ڶμϢģĽӴʱ򻹾ãƯļŮദʮء

ͷһص½[
ǰͷΣңûϸ½[ˣ½[ͷӣŴһⷿ䡣
ͷһ
һִǹŮӡŮģͺƷ͡

Ʒƶ˶٣ʣǡ
ߵǼҹ
ƷĿƬ̣뿪ˡһޣʱˣʵڳŲסط˯ˡ

ͬޥҲǰһް䡰Ҳ֮С
سǵϢһ°ɡ
ޥͷʣСǱߡ
سǵǡ

Ȫ빬ȥʱ㵽ˡ
½ʼĩʣΣ
͵С˳ʱѾˣøߺ֣Ѿ
½ʣǸѾͷˣ
͵ǡ

Ѿͷ鷿ģòв顣
ƽ۵˼ǣڼķˣ
ѾͷĶڻϣҲ֪ԺҪӰģƽҲ϶ᣬǰȥ
ֻ½ʼվе֡
ȷֵʮֹ˵һ˿ֵֹĸоƺԵѾͷһ

½һֱû뾹ǸػĵġֱѾͷͺˡ
ֱֱֻֻûɣû߼޷¡Щɴ
ʣʾ֣Ƿ񱨹١
ȲΣ½ϾҪؾˣһȥ˵

Ҳسķ
СΪ½Է𣿡̾ô
ӵС˳ʱ򣬷˸ոЪ¡
ʣ侲𣿡
ǡ侲ӵسر붼˵˲˵е㺦¡

ޥ˵Ҳе㺦£޲̻ȥ
ֻʵ׼عˣЩңʱҪһҲ벻ġ
ڻزȥس˵Ҫʲôȥ
£Ҷš

ޥֻ˯ʱϬһ㣬ýоˡسʡ𡱣±ôˣ
سǽˣֻǡֻ˾
ޥʣʲô˼
سǵǲ˵ֻţʲô¡
ޥʣô죿а취

سǵⲻҩʯ֮ˣ¡Ѿ˶ƹӵˡ
ޥʱϢ
سǵء

ƹӵȴ½[û취꣬½[ɫ
ƹ濴˿̫أƶû취ˣһʦС
ƷƼҪǣôö游ڡ
һʦǴȶµ֡˳ŵһʽ΢ȶһֱûʽ֣ȴǰĿеĻ¡һʦչлͣˣδһǸƷƶ֪Լ벻ˡ

һʦޥ̧
Ǵȶµ֡سǽͣȶ´ҹǻµġ
ޥ𣿡
Ȼ벻Ҫ游ȥ뻹пܡسǵû취ģڼء

½ϢҲʱʵس˵⻰ʱƷѾɾᡣ
ⲻУ޲Сҧ촽Ȼվ𣬡һؼȥһ游ȥ롣
Ī˵ǸȥҲδö
ƷƵôС

ųˡ˼ȫȥȥˡ
˴ڼң˵飬µǸһϵֻȴŹﲻҪ̫ϣ
ƷƵ֪ܵþһѲС
ϵųֱӳȶȥˡ

ʱس˵Ʒ벻һʦڼޡ
ޥ̧ۣʣ𣿡
سǺܿģЦ뵽½[ʱĸЦɫҪ룬ǼԺǧӣԲ˴ȶ¡

ޥվ
سǡҶȨƣսһá
˺þõ£ԿسԼҶź˵ˣľǷ˵ġ

ƻʱ֣ҪأһӺʿ۶ţԺ£ţԺ£
ڹŵıæͣ£ʿǴӿŷм۶һҲǱ۵ӶҪ
˻˻֪˭Ҫù
ֻǿһʿŴȶ·ɱȥ

ҹ¸
ͷıȻŻһǵļԺӴ
ͷͳơ
ߵǵֻشʱŻóã֮򿪳š

ʿǽ˳ǡ
һʦ˻ժͷϺɫñ¶µʦЪȥӹ






227.   227    

227 

½ĸȥ˴ȶ, Ǹϲˡ
ҵЪһ죬Ż˺üΣڻˡ滻ߣҲȥЪЪ
ߴԺ, ѹҡ
ҵĵҿš
ߵͷȥԼԺˡ

ҹĻһȺ˷/ǽ롣
½ĲͼġޥĪ, Ůӡ
˵ǡ
ҹǱУҵ½[Ժӡ

ǰһȺ, ҵľԼǴùͷˡ֪ղŲ߾ͺˡ
Է˵Ժġ
ҵĿǾͲµ, ҪʲôأڲһͽС
кȻһϸŮӵ, ÿӽҡ

ޥȥ[[˯ˡ˯Ȼüͷ, جΡ
ޥ۵ܡ
ȥñ½[á
½[, ҪУޥߣԹԣԹԡ

, ½[ļûг
ޥڻķԹ, Թԡ
½[§סĲӡ
ޥĨĨ۾½[˳

ҵĳԾؿ
ҪߣҵæȵȣȵȣǰѴ, ô죿
ޥֱϳüֻۣҲ, سʹ˸ɫ
سǵҴ㡣
ֵ£½Ҵ÷㣬Ժ

ҵľʮֻӱǷǧծ˼Ժ²ˡ
ǴߣҪ
سǵ˸Ρ

һֱԺ½[ûж⣬ű
ҵķˣ۾һգɡ
سһֵӼ䣬赹ϣ룬ְڵϣ档

һ˽ҹɫԭ֪ﻻ֮ʱҹˬ˯ϳ
Ȼ׽ҹԶʱһƬ
½ҲлԺҹѲӣο½[£ѾͷˣҹѲӵøܡһȺִеҶܶ
ӭսˡ
˷֣˴

ֻ½Ժֻǽ׳ҶѣԺĶǺ֣һ͸ߵ֡Ѫɱһ·
ֻȻ˱һÿ
һ׳ִһѴ󵶱˹һ棬سǱ㱻
ϲ½ĺ֣

£ޥ˹ˡ
ֻ¼ұʱż棬¼Ҽ淴١бԺԺ
ΪһֱǸ½ģֻе½һеʱʱܼһ档
Ů˺ͣͬһһ굽ͷҲż档Ҳҵм䴫

ʮֳɫģԵʱγӲŰһҸޥ㷿سǲУޥɿŭ[[Ķ˵Թԣˣǹ㿴½[˷ӡ
سʮϸ£Ϊ½ԺĶǾġ
½[ޥһ䣬ҲУǷӱţţȴһ˫۾
ޥԷнӹԼǹ

ҿ֮ˣЮŷ翳سǡ
سǵԭҲûֻڲ½ˣ㴦ơ
ۼŻһسͷһݣٵȫ࿹ײƴĸʽϸխ崺ͱȺ񱳴󵶳Կسֱһ飬ˣ۳Ĵ󵶿룬ӣ

£һɫ̹һ㣬סһɫǹǰݳβŵзĽܶ˲䡣
һʧˣسǸͷģνԷǺ֣߾һصסͷĲС
ͻȻðСӣȻسǡ

ȻСӳ/ǹոԲ֣бб̹֮Ƶòյط
سǳûˣޥһǰһǹڻлһƬ⣬
һ£սһš
سǵȺ֣ܿǹ˵еĹ켣½Ҷֻܿһź⣬Ѿཻ֪˶ٴΡ

ԽսԽ
ǹϤ
һƬУżֶԷΣϸǸŮӣ
˭
ôǹ
ǹǵ°ٻҲ
ֻ֣·һȣ

ȻһŮӼСսУ
󾪣һͣԷǹѾʺ
ӣ۾

ȴûֱֻ۱ץסˡ
ۣǹǹʺ֮ǰܵǹĽǰһ㣬͵ڴˡ
תͷгץסֱ۵ľǺɵߡ
Ů׽סֱۣȴؿŶԷ

굱ʱߣ߰ŵԺ½[Ժӷǳ߼ǲŻصԺӣɧ
ͷһݣֱ½[Ժӳ塣ȥͿҵĵڵϣҴû½[
ȹܳ׷ȥһսһš

£ǸȻ棬Σǹ߿˿ʮˡ
ῴġ
߿ˣѹһ˹ȥ
ץֱۣŶԷ

Ǹ˳/ǹָʺ£һ棬˫۾ϣƵߵϣĿӡ
ڻ˫۾ﷺˮ⡣

ޥߡ
ŴǰӲĻ˶ǰΪūʱһˡ
ÿ˶ǰһˡ
ûܻȥˡ

Ϊǻ½˺衣
ޥȴѾˣҸиԵĹޣ˭ҲԶ˭һ
̤Ÿ˿֪δ͹ˣնϣĪҪǣ

ֱ۶˶߽ץסߣ˭
Ҷ
½ңֲڼң˲ڼңڶԷȫֻʣһ˵ˡ
ʱ˿̾½ߵˣӡ

Żְۡ˵ҲԶԿ
˵
ֻǺˣ촽

߽סս
֪˭
֪˭
ţ촽չһ˻ƿڣߣ

ҶǷ׷ÿ
ޥӻ֣سǴŷǺ½[ʧҹɫ
ޥһۡ
ᡣ
ޥᡣ
ǹһΣҲʧҹɫС

ѣΪá˵ǰ
Ťͷߣ
ȴס£ˣǱ죡
򣬴ﱻ˴ˣ²ţ

£ˣҵߣڣô죿
ֲֻԵˣֻ¡һˣߵġ
ߵȺֻ
ʣǡ
Цᡣ
ڵϴ׷ʲô

ҹɫޥʧĵط
ѽ׷ʲô
𣬻ŵ˸ǰߡڵľס
ɣǸûأ
֣ô죿






228.   228    

228 

Ʒƴϵȥȶһʦ, Ȼ벻
ֻɫҲˣҲûسֻ̣סһ, ڶٻسǡ
˸֪½[ˡ
Ʒֱǰһ, ȥˡ

ѹڴߡ
۾졣Ǹլ, Ѿլ 
ȱ𼱣˵ȴ˵, ҺѾ˸ֻȺֻ
, ʲô飬ʾ
²Ƿ˵Ĺ, 뺲˵ˣȻ, ַˡ

Ǹʵˣദվ֪ˡ
½˸ϣҲ̤ʵӡԭǰͷ, ۲˼գ֪ع, ƷҲˣʳסж
ദͦġֻҪع, 㶼ܰȡ
أԭΪȶŴڵġ

ֻʱ, ĪƷƸе¡
ʣס
ˣǾ͵Ⱥֻ˵
뿪ҧȲ˵͸ɴ಻ҪʡǲܣǹܡҪţʲôûġֲģֲźģҪθɡͷһ˴һլ뵽ģΪҽҩΪرĶˡֻǺֵģͿֵıƫˡ

һʦΪ½[˷¡
͵͵ľУ½[۾ϣüչˣ˯ȥ
һʦӷ𡱣ˡ
ޥ˫ֺʮлʦðʦ֮ʦԭ¡

̧ͷ£ֻ¶üۡ
ü۾͹ˣ㹻һʦƬ̣˵Ĺ鴦ڴ˴
ޥס
һʦѾһתȥ
سǹؽϺˡ

ת̽ͷ￴һۡ
ޥڴߣ[[ڻ
ǱӤı½ˣֻܱס
ֻ˳ճյؿ½ʵᡣ

ãޥų
½[ˣһʻû㡣
ʣС𣿡
سǵء
ޥʣʲôʱ
سǵ̻ع

ޥͷϷȡԼǹϸϸĥǹ⡣
ǹƯˡ
ŻѪ
ǶѪޥǰΡ
ֻʱǹ˻۽Ƿ죬ֻѪ

˷գʵһյˬ̻عˡ
ʵ۵ĵˣһĹ
ĺƽ󹬾ȻΪһʵۣʵġֻͼΣʷ

عҪǰһʱѲ
½ȴˣǱֱӻظ˸վţ檹ţͷڵϣŮˡ
߰ݵӦ飬ҵ溲֡

Ʒƿһۡ
ˣ顣ֻô£ƷƴͷҲ벻
½ˮƷƵ⸮ȰѸʰã˵ģȡ
ƷƸȥ

½Էڵϵߣ˵ˡ
̧ͷѾˮߵĭ[[ģ
½ü˭
˵죬ŵҼҹ

½վŭں˵ʲô
˽ȣ½Ҷ꣬û½ģҲû
½򣬾ˡ
ŮˣʵŭֻǿѹŶѡʱ߾˵еߵġ
ȴ

һֱ̧ͷ
½ȵ
С˲֪֪ͷֻˣ棬εȷŮӡʹǹǹֻ·˵ɱȡ

һ˿ܻ˵˵ȴһʧķˣ˵˵
½ţƻصϡ
ߵҿһǹ˿жʮˡͬһǹÿǲһԼСǷУǹҲСǶһ޶ġ

½ֻӺġ
˵һ㣬ޥ˵ġ
ͬһУͬ˵ĶҲвͬıΡΪ˻ָǻ˵㿴ҳбȴǺ󳷡֣󳷳ŵȣź÷ұбûС

ߵҺͺ˵仰
ͲøϽ뿪½˵˳ȥˡ
½ߣһֱǹŵģ֣֪Ǵһֱùģԩ
Ƕأûأ

½ʲôըԣδǹֻε
߼ѭĻȴûκɡǣʲô֪¡
Щԭޥġˡ
ޥûأأ

ߴģǹһ㣬ҿߵڱضµģҪġ
վսȭ

ʵǣôţ

½ң׶ǹʲô

֣ˣǰߣͬ⣬ǶԵġߵڣţ
ڻ￴ޥе⡣
õ½ٷˣαɺ˵ģ
ȻţΪβ¶棿ŷȢޣŮžۣ
·ŵʱֶŮ£ڱƵ
֣ʣŵˣиࣿи

һʣ½оѡ
˵Ķԡ̧ۣҵһʡ
½ң׶ʲô
ڣģ

ʱ֣سǴҴ߽ԺޥСǽסˡ
ޥ̧۾
سǿ۾Ǻġ

һӺ˼۳ǡ
ʱڴӹص
سΪˣ棺˺سǸոճȥˡ
СĦȭƣߣһȥ

Ǳֱ½ˡ
ȥտ½
Сˡ
ת׷˳ǡ

С飬ڶܵϽıԷס˼졣ҶسˣǸҲسˡ
뾩ǱͲԶЪ˸ųߵ·˽ٳȥ
ޥСʱɫѾˡ

Զ·һƬ
С֣ŮˣĸҾ㣬һȥ
ȿʼµģΪЩ˽оأнֹ֪ǵˡ
϶ǾǸӵˡ
ȥ̫ˡ²ĸˡ

Ȼ֪ľͲˡ
СһֻȨơȨƲܺ޼ɵģ˽ȨƵ
Щӵ˾죬һȭͷһٱӡ
Ҳˣģǲˣ
أе۳ģ
˭һسӣ

ޥСһۡ
ǵöʱҲʱسǳСֻ͡ʱô벻һδ޵Ů񶾵˼
ֻ񶾵˼ÿ˶еġÿ˶йĳĳͺˡ뷨ֻˣûжҲе˺
Ůже˺Ķܳ档
˵һǧһ򣬶ǡȨơ֡

ޥסС죬һԲȥ
س촽ʵںܺ棬·Ҫôܽ

ޥСĽϵڵϣȭݺ
ָ˭СҲӲһ߰ᣬһ߽һ߻źݻҾ壡
ޥһᣬһ߽
ֻޥֻݺᡣ

Сö϶ݵбɱңҪҾ˭㡭
Ȼס
Ů
Ϊʲô±¶
С

㾹ǸˣѵǴ֣
ΪԷŮ֣ȻҪѵҲһŮҸŮѵ
Ҳǡޥ˵
ޥ۾ܺ졣С淢ʣ㵽ļҵģ

ֻǸСӣޥôôģ
СȻˣԭϵˣ
漰Сӵ£˶ôɸģֻƷǸŮˡ
𣿡Цö񶾣һûյϢءô˵ˣôˡ

ޥסĲӣúúõģ
Сˡʲôأӳģأôģ
ҧЦûǾ͵ţ´ܲŪθС½̽మˣҶòƾʲô

ޥĲӣŰ
Ҳҵˡ˵Ҫסҵ
ҵˣСסָеʣ˭㲻Ϊ½ҵģ
ҵȷΪǺġҲĸˡޥ˵ǣĸ

СȻֺȻɿס졣
ˣС½ĸγذס

ذײޥӿǵһ
Ǻġ̽Ƕ񣬷ƥ
ԭֻڷУΪòˡɱ½[
֮ذ׾һֱ䲻ˡ

Сذ¹˸űĹ
ͫ׼һʵظܵ˿־塣
󺰡㲻ɱң챻סˣ屻ޥѹסֻܷ

ذ¹»һۣݺݴСࡣ
Ѫס͵ָӿذ״˿
Сͫ׷Ŵ
ޥŤذףСࡣ






229.   229    

229 

µòˡ
ޥŤذס
ǿźڵòٺڵ, Ҳòˡ

Сʱ򿴵Ļӣնġرһ, һã˵ء
˵ࡣ
ǴźΪ

ޥĿڴõĺ籡, ͣʱ򣬺Ȼ١
ʱ, ̤֦ꡱ
ޥתͷվ￴

ޥγذ, Ѫ罦˳
ޥվذ߹ȥ
ޥӹذס
ޥһ, ذ׼˻ľ䡣

ɫƽʱƽһ, Ѫɫ
Ӷ¼ҾѾɫˡҲǴСѾõġ
ĸ׺ʹɩż³, ѧˣǼѼҲͷӶѾɱ˵ġ
ޥһ, һɱģˡ
, 

˭[[Ҿɱ˭ޥŻ۾
֪ʱɱˡһ, ֻˡ
ޥȥɱ½[ʱޥͷżƬ, ɱ⡣
վˡ

ΪûĶɱ½[Ϊʱذ˷޴Ϊǵ˵һɱܿǵɱ˻֮ܻ½[ı
ǵ̫ˣһɱӡ
СȴĶ½[ˡ
½[ûΪΪֺޥ֡ˡ
ޥɱ

ԼѪ¯ΪޥǸ÷ǹʱϣޥı֮£ƽӣϲմѪ
ʵԡ
һɳĴˣǸĺӣ뱣ӵ֪顣

ڻŸɱ˵ޥ
ϽŵѪĴһߣ⡣
Ѫͻûɢɱ
ˡ
ʱ߱ǼԺӣɡ
ӣˡ

֪˵ʲô㶼ˡ˵ûϵ
ûذףͷȥޥ
ĴմѪ΢΢ȵζ˵Ŀǻ
ذ̫ڻľϻһϸϸѪߡ

סذףޥ֣ޥȡ
ԺһֱֶŮʲôʱ򣬡ذײУͿɱҡ
˵Ļãǰɡ
ƥذףʵǣȻһپŵޥİ

ͳɾޥϵѪָ֡
ĸ磬㲻ڼң˸Ρޥ˵μƾȨƣҵ书ѭ[[ߣӴ˿Ըһ
ˣղţתͷ㣬ˡ

֣ʵһʦ͵½Ϳˡ
ǰޥô򵥡ҿǷˡ
̧ۣͷᰴԼļͷ
һֱ¡صֻһء¡ˡ
ûʲô˶ġȻ֪ʲôǶԵģЩʱ򣬾ǿƲסˣܲˡԶȷˣǳˣߴѾˡ

ޥڻļͷ
Ůһ𲻷ֿĺ롣
ɴ뿪½һ𣬾Ѿעˡ


ãޥ̧ͷĸ磬Ҵˡ
Сʬ壬ЦЦûϵĸʰ
ޥЦˣЦЦţᡣ
գ۾ǸЩᡣ

ߣ·˵[[£˵ǣʱ·ߡ
سǵϰˣǻȿޥϵѪգգۡ
һֿۣһڵֽ͵ˡ
سס

ǣޥֵԼԣޥַססһֻŵţһۡʸ
Ժ˰£/ʱ˲/ֱӱɾ䡣Ķǡ񡱡Կٸ
ԼԺ£˸ҿԹԿţμ飬ץˣγҡ

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ҾרŸģһֱɵĶ¡

ޥˣͷˡ
ңҾͲ衣㲻ңҾͷ
ޥ̾Ҳˣû˹ˡ
ЦˣˣҾͲܷ裬ҵù㡣

ޥ˵˵ţ󡣡
ޥ񣺡˵ɣš
Ǹˡ˵һֱѧܶࡣ
ޥܸ㡣

ұ˵˵ţΪʲô֡
ʵˣ֮ȨƽˣζѾǻʵεˡջȨꡯˡ
أǵС꣬ŶӡˡţǬ幬ݼأҾվǬ幬档صѡһ죬¶ģҪɱţȡ֮
ˣҾͽȥ˵˱¡֣˹ǷΧţɱţ󡣡
˵£Χţֻʱʱ䡣

ޥٻ³
˵Щ£赭дڵʱţžӪﻹôҡֻҪţԸ⣬вĵԸļǸ
ʵۺͻʱԵķ֮޴󣬻ڵĴۣδԸһء

ţһϡ˵Ӫʮ꣬ʵϣ׼·ˡֻ̫ˣ
ͷޥĶ˵¡
ţ·촽Ķ񣬶ҵϡ

ޥһȡţĽѵҲջȨ˵ʱһ˵ġ˲ˣҲὫ㰲źá
ޥĬãȴҹɫЦˡ
ţţӣҲġ

Ҳǿܵġԣ̸̸½
ԸȨƣ½ȴȷġҵȨƣֻڵʱáûˣ㻤סΪңû塣
¹ٵȨֻһ޷С

ߣҰ޵ˣһŵʱ򣬻Ὣһعһίܡֻ֮󣬱ʲôܱ֤ˡ
һϣ½ԶǿҡȻʲô»ֻҪຼ½ϲ½ڷҾͲ
ֻıŻ塣ı̰۰ƤʵˣҲֻһһ¡

ǰ½ӵߣ½֮ϵ½Լ׽ǲġΪʱֻںҺǰ
ޥεЦˣġ

ڣҲƭˡΪ쳤ؾãЯְͷޥͷЩǲûûѡ񣬽ҡ
ޥʣ˭ܸ˵ҲУֻҪ߾еģ
ڲˡһ뵽ңҾĻš

ޥ£ԼѡɡôѡҶ߾ȫ֧㡣˵㲻ҰͻȥĨƽ
ޥ̧֣ס˻֡
˫չմѪҲذ

һ˷ˡ̾Ҳܷ衣[[Լļȥ
㣬ĸ硭ӣҲظһ˰·
ȨҲãͷҲãˡ

ǣһ
ϲޡ
ɲң˵ġ
ޥһ
ǲҪģȫ⡣
ֻޥһһŵ
Ʒ۽ޥָ䡣ޥ֣ʮָۡ
ϲô˵ˡ






230.   230    ݷ

230 

½߸ȫĹ, У
Ժɨӱ㱻˵鷿
ӹ֡

½ƽƽһ
ɭ[[ˮʱ, ǸϹȥ鷿ѾͷѾڵϡʱֳֻһˡ
һ˫˵ӣ㷢Ȼһ㡣
, ˱˸ٻġͷ, С

ºˣ½ʣιҸУ
, ¶ءͷҪѵˡ
̾վֱ塣͸һ˲û, ˼米ͦεġ
ϣǼԺӡ
ңĩҲ
ǼԺִԱ, ǱڹԱۡӡ̽ء

½ʣŮ£ǼԺ𣿡
ʣ˵׮ˮǼ, ǡ
ʧǼԺԴ߭[[ģǼԺޥ, ڼԺ

档
½ڹȥڶδԼ, ͼԺ
ʣҳ˲һְ꣬СλιʼԺҪ˷
, ûʲô˵

ΪԺ¶ˣҲµģݾǡ
ԺӹԱ, ͼˣôءԺʵۼ㣬㻹ҲüӲɣ
ǻȥˡ
οӵģ˵ǣµˡ

澵ҲӺֵģǷտġ
˵꣬½ֺȻճȭ
˼
ȻأȻסĿڣǾһ˿Ѫ

澲֪򵥵һ仰͸¶Ϣ½˵ж޴
ɲ֮䣬½ѾӼɸ൱ʱעġ΢СϸĻ䣬ǹᴩһ𣬾Ǿߵ࣡

£һμԺӭײֱۡ
ʱΥͣײ̫⣬ŵ⡣ֻزʶû߼֧⻳ɡ

£ͣν֣ڽϿһ˫ޥһģһ۾
ʱ֪У߼ޥܳھǡ

ڶգԺ顣
ʮױƺƵ̧ĺɫϲδǰƮ
˻Ӳ罻ϲԣԶ£˿ò

£Ǭ幬Ժסᵽȥϵ
ǲ޽ͻȻ˵Щͻʱעסˡ
ʵֻһ䣬Ȼ󻰷һתתõѬϡ
ϵ£ֻһ䣬һأ䡣

£ײ½[Խ½[͵½ɸ޳Ǯ
ʱСһ
Ժ½[ʲô

ת۾͵˴£ʵۼҺԺüۼûڴһЦ
ͥԺ̸Ѭ㣬벻ϤԼӣǿѬԺϵģǿǷѬһ㡣
ģԺ٣ʲôʱ벻Ϥˣ
һѬ£ֵ໰

Ȼǭ[[ˣ֤ź߭[[ޥ
ţոգǰ֤ʵ˴߭[[ǼԺ
һ䡰տɲǼ䣬е¶һ

Ժ½[ʮǧԺʲôҪտֻڼԺޥ
ޥƾʲô֧ʹöԺΪ£
ǼԺʲôˣ
½벻ţԸԸţһλεġʱȫܶԵϵݺ֮
ˣ
ޥǻˣ

óۣٻͷȥ£ˡ
ޥڴʮһ±뿪˿½һ£Ѿھǣڻ
ĵŵĸһˣһŮˣһ˵ĵ⡣

½ޥɥѶޥӴ˲
һֱԶĵطӻǰ·ǶŰĸףҡͷ̾ĳ޶ȡ
֪ȻźͥԺ

ȥν֡
Ǽ˵ǣһˡ
ڶ죬ڶ죡
ڶ죬ǶǰƮĺɫϲıӣ
Ȣ

Ѭ㣬ҲѬ㡣
Ϊµ㣬ĺѬһ㡣
罻Զ£ʹǱ½տ[[
һеһУ߼˵һ

½Ӽھ˸ϸ΢һμ䡣
£³ˣ»顣
߹
һۡ
ЦһЦ
һЦȹܣֵ⡣

½
סҲûл⣬ͷһӿСŬʻȥѪǴӴ˳

һܹȥ㰴סļѨλ ѹ˼¡ִӻͳչһ롣
ַشѨλ
һסԼϢ߶ôˣôͻȻͣ
½̫̽ÿȻˣŻеۡ

л½Ϣ¿ͷѪʣ˹գ
澵ҿɲ֪ǶСˡҲûء
½ʣ˸仧ıʲô

֪ġ澵ֻƾʲô㣿֪ģΪǼԺģء
½ǹǹ
澵棬㾹֪֪㻹ʲô

½ĿϢãûˡ
澰ˣѪɫãʺġ
ʲôв㿴УĲ´һС˾ûˡ
½ⲡ޿Ρ

ĵᣬⲡûΣǹֲҵġ
ţ½վת
ݣ·
澣
½
ຼ½ԣðݷû

½Ժۡʱ򣬻ڼҡ
Сһֺȥ̾ˡ

½ֵãʧԶӭСãЦʣ֪Ϊ£
½̧ӡ
ʹȺܾ˰ɣ
СЦðɣҲرãֻҾͦϣ˶ϵġ

½ĬƬ̣ʣСŮƽ
ûˣ֪ɡСñһ¹ͣǼԺѴȶµһʦķ¡ǰ˵šֻûҸڲ
½ʣڣ

׷ޥСȥˡ
СɩɩŰȥˡ
ɩɩƺ½ë΢·ϣ˺ܶϢֻϧճյϢԼעġ
ڡˡϢ١

Ȼ֪Ůɫͷܲá׺󣬽ش˳޵
໹֮⣬жɣһȨ˿ʹɣϢ֪ͨ[[ˡ
٣ûбŰ
Ǹ

ҵȻ
СЦİƣѾ߽Ըдÿˡ
ѾѶ룬ˮģ·ʢ
½ڿϣֻŵذϵʯש

СԵϷȥʣֻϽ
ĵһܾˣ
ڣˡ
½̧۾






231.   231    

231 

ޥһ, 㿴ſЦȴС
ޥȥ[[ˣ
СѾûˣָˡҸղŻ˵, Ư
ޥڷһġ

ߵԣǣס֡
Сǣס֣Цص½ˡ
Ȼ
һ컹ˡ
׻֪ˡ

еޥֽ˽Ĵ
ȥȥϴһ, ֣ȥ
ޥ˵ͷ, ȥˡ
½ȥ

½̧, ߽ˡ
ôֻȼ, ˵ȼλһֱΪǸȫɵˡ
Ҳ½
ô, ΪޥΪԼ, Щ֮жûˡ

½վ񣺡
񣺡֡
ϣʣΪΣ
½СŮ׾

½ȷں, Թ黹֡, ְϣ֮Ů
½ҵ, ϣޥ
ޥڿⲡ, ຼᡣֻޥӣø֡

½սȭǰһӻ
ƴȻڹ֮ǿʿ֮ޣҲð֮踡ڹٽն֮ޣձɶκʿ֮ޡ½ҿʿŭʿǲӲܡ
ʺ󣬶ѡңŶΪ˶ʿ࿹𣿡

䣺ҿ£ʿ֣£Ұ㣬ȥҪģ
½
Ҳ½

ã½Ҫ
ҪΪڴ𣿡ȴ̧½ԣ

½ԣָһĳǿ/ޣ֪ʲô֪
ھǣڿ½ԺҾȥǿ
ôǵģ½׶ʲôʲô֪

ѾˣҲѾȥˡҷˣҲȥظһ飬˺һΡ
ҵӣ㲻ۣԼۣ

½޷ٱƽ
½۾죬ʣ׷ʲô
ãֻһ£дذףͬھġ

½ԣȭյø
ֻңû뵽ǹˣûϾ·
ˣˣҲˣ
ңǱˡʱͬھˡҪڣѾûһ½Եˡ

½Լ侲̧ʣǹˣ
Ҳ¸㡣ޥ׶ס
½ʱˣԭˣԭºû

ûʧˡ¼ɢסҵֻ䵽أȻǵ˻Լ㡣

Ȼ˵½ףºʱޥʮңʲôŮ֮顣
ޥ֣
ޥذھʱҲǡˡѡ
ʲôξͳ˻ӣ

½սȭ̧£һȥ顣
Ҽ֮ǰ㡭
û˵꣬ѾȻŭ

½ԣȣֱӺȶ½Ļһĳ˵ӣҪи
֮С
½ȻҲ֪£ޥýƸȢؼҵӡ
ЦýƸຼ½Ȼȥ˵

תȥ
ߵſڣͣס΢΢תͷ
šŮ㡣
˵գ߳ȥˡ
½ıӰƬ̣Ĩһ¡
ָ̯һ˿Ѫ

ԺߣСüЦں׷
һʣޥѾѣ½[
ǹȥȴޥʹ˴˷Ĵƻͨܿ½[ڳԵġ
ޥȴֻվԺŴң
˽ŲסСҲЦˡ

ޥ壬ٱ
Сתˡ
ޥֿһ½[ͻߵԺ档
½㡣
ޥشֱӵҾܾˡ

ʲô֪ˮȥԼ鵽ô¡û֮ǰ㣬Σ
ޥһЦ̾ԭ룬һֱ֪ôһӹȥˡ
ˣƫ

ޥһָĿڣ˵⻰ģ
߬סָҪٺһ㡣
ޥʣҪôٺã
Ҫһġ
ޥһۣ£
Ҳ

Сܻˣ˼ԺƵ㡣㲻壬˯㣬
½[ǸƯֽЦ˵ϴɣз硣
տˮ˾˸ɮΪ˷£
½[ǵˮʱĸоĵġ񡱵ľ塣òлʴǺδʱܻؼҡ
ǸƯ˵õȼ˻
ĵȡ

Ưֽ½[µģ˻𣿡
СˣܻؼҡԵһ
ϴֳȥˣûһ½[ŵ㣬Ƥܿͳſ˯ˡ

ޥ˻á
ԺܼˣҲض½ˡ
ޥšһ½[ǡ
ٿ½Сȥˡ

½˺ܾãڵȵС½[ˡ
½ˮѾͷͽ㸮ϣԭ㣬ޣʹϳģŮ˶ɱҽǵϣģѾ㴦ˡ

½СŮ֮û
СȻüǵǵĺáѵغ¡
½ӹ½[˯죬
С͵ɩɩǰ¶档뱧ֻܸ㡣ģǼԺƣ񡣡

Ĺ⣬òͷ¶β
½ҧ
Сǹ
ѽ½̫̽ϲˡ

½һţͰ½[ˣƷƺ¡
⼸¶¡棬û߼ȫ޷⡣
½úí[[еƣ롣˳[[ңڴμϣ˴
ƷƴǷ绪ҫ˵ģûƣģӵأ

½һ̧ͷѾָɳ侲ģˡ
Ʒס
ղţʱ˿ģɣǸģżй¶̾𣬲ϸ

ҵĺ߶ˡ
½˵
˾㶼Χǰ½[[£ǣԺԺ󶼲Ҫˡ

ҵָֻۣġ
Ҳۣס
ԾľֻƷơס˿ڣһôᡭ
½ظҪˡ

˵յȭ[[ˣڼﶵһȦôҶܿ
˶ͷ
½е˵ƣۣЩЪ˰ɡ
Ʒ촽½ҲϢ
ǲȥϷ˼ˡƷƴͷšһ

½Լ鷿ȴ׷ˡ
Ҳ˵ֻ½
½ҲѾͷҲǸˡȥѹס
˶ã½ɬȻڣû

߽ŵʣڲ
ڡֻûѡ½ߣʶ
סʵ㣿
߹Ȼ֪ġ½֪ǼԺ

Ĳ֪Ԫͷˣ㲻ôޥǰȥˡޥ֪˻ھǳȨƵˣȴûиκ
һլˣ֪ͷϵĻʵ˭Ժ˭

૵ңҷ·˵ȥǵġҲ֪
ɣôϢ
ͻȻѹ̧ʣǣڻˣ
½Ĭ˵ͷ
ߵļˡܷʲô£ûΣա

½򴽣ãڸǻķˡ
۾ôģ촽ȴ˵
ޥ˶£Ҫô˵
ޥֲūͣޥɷǰʿڵ̽ɰ

½ؿȥȥ⣬Ƿʲô
Ŀ鰸ϣ־ġ
ߺȻҹ½˸Ŵİ

½˵۾п־塣
㲻ҪȥҼԣ
¡
ߣȻˡ






232.   232    

232 

½ƽһȥŴ, ȡͳ
ƽ۳Ծȥ
½Ĭãؼҿ
ƽۺˣֱӹˣ, 鶼ȥˣ
½飬Ÿտʼ

̵һ, ܴ˹ȥܶˡ
ƽ죬½ֻ
½½ҵĵ, ½ˡ
ƽյͷǡ

һ磬ѧʿ, ڹǰڽµһӰ۽Ǿһ
ܰɫٷôÿ, ֻһˡһõһ
һô, û£ֱܵʵǰȥˡʲô£

Ȼ, ½ʹǹ١
ǹ٣ȴΪΣѧʿʡ
½ȥյţҸأΣڵϦ

Զ, ЩԶģֻҪﲻ, ֱʮ˲ŻȥҲС޷롢ĸӷ붼ǳ¡
½أ˵㣬ý, ܻصȥ 
ȥ̼߻ȥһ棿
ѧʿ̾˿ϴ뱼ɥû׼½Ծܵʵ۸ǰԼҪȥˡ
ֶͬβʹ, ʵҲʹģҪǹˡ
ڱƷѧʿ

ɶ֮ڣѧʿȷ᲻ģֻܰ취
ֻǲøģΪٳ£ҪɡԲ㿪
̾Ҳشǹ٣Ҫ˺ѧΪ׼һ˰ɡȥ£
¶ǣûа취ġֻ˭˵׼أһءһʱ嶯״˹٣ӡ
½ˣҾȥлѧʿ

½ֱӻؼˣƽ˵ˣſ촬װС
صҵʱѾ׼ˡţ򵥵һˡ
ﰲȥѧƷƣиˡ

Ʒ촽ȴͷȥ
֮ǰȥ빬ҲиˣءƷٲ˵ʲôġ֮Ļˡ
½ӡ
壬ŵԣ仹ɬѾʤһ֮
ûʲôõġ
˵õúܱ׼

ͷ
[[£⣬Ĵ˵Ϊ[[£ﶼ˵ˡ̫࣬δࡣ
ƷƵһӵˡ
췢¶ƵģȫСܵĽʵˣɻӲţ˭һĸء
½һ䡰ࡱ⼸ľֺί㶼紺绯ꡣ

ĨĨᣬҲࡣ
½ͷǭ[[ĸޣԭ[[ӹɡڭ[[£òģ
֪һЩ֪飬ЩƺֹϵԺ׷Ҳ׷ʡƷƵͷá

½
ҽţСŮиˡҾһ񣬺
Ŀࣺǣ㣿
ôˣʹԺأ
½һֻϻƹȥ۸ˣһ⣬벻Ҫ

澽ӹϻӴ򿪿һۣλεģֺˡ
ȡɫԺԭտģְڣ岻ݴǡֻܷİɡ
֮࣬˳׬죬ܵǮ
½ֺÿǮ£ĸܲϲ

½ּ½[ɣ㹦βҪ¡
½[ͷٲˡ
½ͷżлˣҲΪ˱ջ̡̻ôӻôѾˡ

𣿡½[һʣֻΪʲôҪأ
½ֲǻˣ׻˵˼
½[ͷҲǡ
ֵһǵˮأˣ˸Ρ

½
½[ŵμˡ
һֱᡣϵζˡ
ףΪʲô᣿

½ˡ
ŵǿ촬ªͨػżºʹϢ˲ŻԶٴʣǿ졣ȥȹٴٿ죬գ㵽ˡ
ɫѥӲ˿⸮ͷľϣһ˽ͨͷӴñסףסݡ֪½Ϣص˿⡣
紵ɴ¶һſ˫
ȥ½Ҵ

½ţ㱻ЮˣǿдһջڵϣͷϵĺڲҿǰﵭģҴʱھٵˡ
½ǰƣʲôû˵ȳ̾һΡ
һ̾ɣ֪ˡ

˳ȥŹϣֻˡ
½ʣ֪˻š
½Ҳ֪ţֻ֪ʱû
ûԶȥ½½Ҫ֪ȫ

½׵سڿ⣬ظʹ˰½֪³ŵգȥˡ
Ĭˡ
½Ե½
䣬ŭ

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ҳҵġ½£ǰʲôͷϡ

½ŵ½ڿڡ
ֻʹӣ֪Ҳޣ֪˵뺲£ʮ£ȥϿԸ̨Ȼݷү

Ը̨½ʣĸԸ̨
½ǴǰݵǸϷ˸ٷǸ
½գʤʱ

ȥʮ£ۡ⿴Ϥ֣նˡ
ΪޥּǵϷ֣ĺĹĸۡ󣬸ȥ˷Źһ£˵ּұһ˼̳ˡ
½ҵʤʱ룿ʤʱҵĽֻڽݡ

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½Ը̨ү֮ô£ٷȥС֪ͨͨ
Ȼһֱ£ֱ£һ죬үɢֵؼңɫԡһңҪҸٷ˰ɥ£ʵٷˡʡ¡Сˡ

ʱھ׼ǣǼ¡ִӾǷļţﶼյˣүŲأϲ˻ˣҲź֣к֪½¼ǱߣҲšʹǴ˿ѻຼᣬʹ¼ûлῪʬԭǿԺŪȥġ

½ʣ¼ηֲԵġ
½Ƿˡ
½˶٣ʣĸʲô
½СҲ֪

С˵ʱຼ½ӲܽԺ˵ʲôҲ֪½ֻӸ˵ү¼˵ʱʶ˷˼䣬ˡ
½¼ˣ

½̾׼ŪǱ½һͬ꣬ǧ¼ҵȫ˵ˡ
½ˮ
ĸ渴ӣƻС˵

ʣǶʲôʱ£
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ζţ¼ˡܲ뵽ǻ¡

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׼ң˳ҡ

½֪ȫòֻ֪ģִ½½֪ĸ١
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ۣеϢԺϣأ˴󲿷ֵࡣ

½
ڵϣ̧ۿȥ
ϴֱòһ
ʳس󣬺ֳ񡣹⻪ҫ˵ߣڹ١
յͻȻ֣½Ԥе½ңҲòһˡ

½ĿͶڵשϡ
ϥͷսȭ
ã̧
ߡվһؼȥ

½
½ɢֵؼңյ鷿ſѳϲ裬Ȼ
ˣ
ͯԭģȴûн
½üֻӦ

½ȥߵ䣬鷿źȻƿ
ϦĹͭɫ˵Ӱббģֽ˹յðɫӰ
½ۿȥżֹš
½

½һôˣ
½Ÿף߹ȥ
ݵ̰Ӱʣ̰˶٣






233.   233    Ե

233 

, ھէجģʹ֮½Ĵ滳ɡ
û֤, ֱֻ
ֱ²ԡ
ڶգӻʵõɥ, ˿⡣

һһ, ȫˡ
ޥˡĸ½֮֡
ֻʲôˡԵ˻ûţǰߡ⻹һˡ
, ܽҿҿȫԱ䡣
κ˶ûкô

Բ˵, ĸҲһ֪ġ
֪Ǳʹ
, ˶٣ǣ˶٣
ʡ
ֻϢ
Ψһ, Ǵ߭[[í[[ԶϢĵط
ֻ½ʱ벻ޥࡣ
࣬ԭˡ

½ñԼ, ԼӢԼԶԶвѧĶ, ۽ǳ鶯
Ȼ䣬ûԶ֧ȥĻԡô࣬׻֪ˡ
½ʳһʱ, ½еԼʮΪ׵Ͽʼˡ

ʮ𣿡½󣬡곯͢һŲʮɣ̰֮ࣿ
ʤʱ½ҵĽֻڽ, ½Ϣ½һµģ˽ݵ̰Ӱûġ
ݵú˵ҡ½ϰԵغȳ⣬˶٣ֻһ
һ½˺ܺЦ£Цˡ

ھǣֻһҲǧһһˡ
ֵĸףʱ̾գҲ˳ǧļ۸չ
̰£ȴֻһ
һЦ̾Ǽңȱһ𣿡

ܰ
½ۿԼӡ
½̧ۣ۾Ѫɫ
һҧ׾Ͱ½ҵĶϱ͸Ȩ˻

Ȼ֪ˡ
½۾һգˡ
֪ʲôΪǮҼҺʱȱӣɫصΪ٣ںԺǰרѧǳ֪ʲôǺ͹ͬҶãһ˲ãȥ٣

½ҧΰܻΪЧ֮͢ǿƲãҲԴǹٱˣ٣һ
½Ц棬ɡ

½̧ۣⲻɣ½ˣеķǣ
½ҵļѵ۲ûۣͬ
¹Ȩ游Ըܴ֮ǹ٣Ϊθ׾

½
½ʣʤʱôвȸ׵ģ
½ǣлȷᰵ֤ݣʤʱŪҾ죬֤õ
½ɭȻԸףͰޥ
½ĽȻֹ̧ͷ

˭½۾ҪѪݼҪҧ飬˭
ָ½ŵķӸĸ֮ýƸ̧δ̧ҵӣ
һǣûԼĸ׻κˣ

ӣ֪ʱ򣬱ĸףԴŮ͸˱ˡ
ɷ£ޥޥϡ
ʱʲôľ½롣
ذȥͬھȥˡ

½½Ƶú
ңûа취е⡢ҪƤʵݵ£ʲô취һô죿ѵ𣿡
½ʣѵã

½ЦˣܵõôҵĶӣĹȫᱻᣬʲôǣʲô̽һӶƾ٣ҪƫԶ䣡
½ǰһȭµ£ԭ͸е

ƤʵҲãȡҲãⶼĶӣѪ⣬ҲԹ㡣
ֻ˭ее
ֻ벻һˣҪж޳ܣϱĳ£

½һƵúˣõϣΪԼ⡣
ˣѵܺãҴҵһ㣬˼Ҿ죬һ㣬ֱǷ˱߾Ӫˡ͵ĸҲǣѵܿ䵽ǲأЭ[[

½ȴݼҡ¼ңѵ𣿻½ˣ
½˵
˾ѵܿ㾳أ峤ѵܿ½ҸӪ½ֲı˸̰֡¶ѡֻҪʹӣŮ̳ȥѵʲô£
Ѳģ½俴½˵࣬ʵֻҡ

λ󣬾Σ̰¡
ֽݵ̰Ӱʵڷ˼ɻ䡣汻˾߼Ժʥʹӣ½½ҲѲ
½½һӴ˵ӡ

½ٽƱ粻á
괭ãƹˤУ֪ˣҪ
½ãСʱһֱøʿʮ

֪ԭˡ
ΧʱȲҲǹ٣޴
ɨβɾ˰ѱ󡣡
·ֲڵḾ˶ң˿ǡ

ˣʲôأ½룬ˡ
ҴСݾĸףԭǸӹˡ
½ǰΪ׵ϳױ
ɫףǶӸ˵Ļ𣿡

½׶ӣſϸ˵ʵϣܸףƸˣʵʺϳ۳ҹٳֻλԽߣԽ
½вĸоʲô˼
һ游״ǹ٣Ժ󣬸ױúڼزֻͣǡ½ңͽӰɡ

½˵꣬ת
½½ԣվס
½վסˣȴˡ
ƿ׳ʵˣֵ
½ҸײˣҸ׻ط

½ŭӣȥСݵú˵
ȴûܽ½ֵܹȥһһҼס
ޥ㷿С½ǻ߻ԥֵܴСѾֻ½ΨһˣҲֻ½Ļ

ӣӣң½εѣƴ棡Т
½΢΢תϦͭɫĹϡ

ҲТ㲻Ф
½Ұǣܱһ
գ½ڣ֣֮ͷ

ҽ֮£
ȷġ
Ե顣

½鷿ż
½ȥ졣
վһˣף½
½۾ô鶼Ҫ͹

Ǳ
ңˣ

ʲô취½ʡ
½øͣЩҩ˻˯ѡ
½Ҫͷ½ͷøˣҩٷ˻ص⣬үȥѰġ

½Ȼתͷ
˭õģȵǸ˭õģ
½ͷ͵ֻܿͷ٣С˲ܽԺ

Ұֻ½˦̧ۣ½Ѿ󲽶ȥ
½վֱˣԺţ鷿̾˿
ֵק½ȥ½Ժ½ȡ
ȻԺվŵģ½ӾǴˡȫף½һҲʶ
Ҫǣ½ҲĲټΪ½ˡһ£ԽԽ󣬵˺¡
鷿ţתȥȡҩ

½۽Ǵŷ磬һ·Ժ
ģǰԺŽգϹһѴ
⸸װٸɳʲô½ԼٳԾˡ
˵ĵһƣͻֹزͣ䡣
½ľȻʣ棿
ɪСĵصǡ

½š
Ӵӽһֱ¡
գµĹȻˡ
꿡㰮ЦĹӣˣ˪ˡ

Ժƿ
ϦĹǽͷбһббġͭɫĹĻ
½żʵأһվߵŽϡ
Ǹ˳ߣỽ






234.   234    ɢ

234 

½µɹ̫, ˯ţ˯ѡ
Ϊȥˡ
ķԺǽһ, ףǶġ
ԺٲЩֵֹ⣬ٲˡ
͹ԹԵ, ˵Ļһعصˡ

վ, ߵϡ
ԺŴ򿪣ͭɫĹбԺǽܴ, һĻ˭
ỽ

˴Ļ
˪ѩ, ӣġ
ҹ˼, ֲǸˡ
ءٻأԣ
½ע½ˣ°, ȥĸס

½˴õѣιأЬϻ׺ŰƬ顣
ǰһͷںڵͷû, ް߰ףȾ˷˪һգ, ӺŵŮӣꡣ

[[˵źݡ
ֻ½뵽, ݡ
ٻҲڲסˡ
ĸ, ĸף׸Щʲô
˵ĵ߶Ѿ͵ѵܸͣ
׹䣬ѵûеף

½ͷˮʯשϡ
ˡ

˾ͺá½˳ٻãڻ񣬡㣬֪𣿡
ǡ½֪ˡ
½ʣ𣿡
½ţھǡ

½̧ͷ棺ĸףΪΡ߶
½˳ĬãˣѾû塣ᣬΪȥӣĸԣ
ţҲҸ㡣ѽ촽㡭ȥ

½ͷ۾
ǰμ棬½֪һУȴδ͸¶䡣
ޥھǣҲûжɣȴδҹ
ԭ

ӷޡ
볼ӲģТЮŮѹӡһʵΪͳκͰᡣ

Ĺ򣬱λѹλߣǿѹߣѹߣѹŮ˵Ĺ߶ѡ
½ʱ㿴͸ˡ
ֻ½ΪԼÿһζĹϵУǰߡ
ֱýȢķ޲׵ءȥ

һ̣Ȼת̧ͷϵ͸Ȩ
һ̣½һᵽô̵С
һ̲ףԼŪͬʱҲŪͳЦš

½ĺ¡
ޥѵġԴŭ[[ܻġ½˵ʱˣ㸸ײڼңİߡ
ޥﲻϣֻȥˡ
½˵ֹסԣ֪֪Ϊʲôѽ

½̧ͷỮӣΪҡ
ѽ½˵ѽ
ǸӣĶ죬Ӽһۣڰˡ½۾ģڿԶĵطǹˣЩ꣬ۿôġ
ȥҲ֪ôȥ
½ۣˮ䡣

ԣȥޥ½˵ʲôʲôӣҵϱӻӣҺһӣǣǡ
ʹˮ½գ̫ˡ

½˾壺ǡ𣿡
ǼԺ֮ޣƷھۼ½ѵصѾˡ
½˻Ϣʣ
󣺡λ

ޥˡ½ǻ
ޥ׵δºܻΪ¼ɢס
ޥ˻飬Ȼ¼ж
ԭ½¶΢Ц㿴Žб

ס᣺أôģ¼ңȫҶ½ˣ¼ѾûˡҲ½ˣ˵ץˡ
½̧ͷš
ԭĸףĥĸ׵ġ
ʹΪĳͷ

ĸף½ٵģǼٵģ
վ̨ףסԼĸס
ƭģƭģ˵

½½˻ص˷ʵ½ˡ
½˵Уڽһ˿
˵ûͺá
ƽúãҲûˡ˵½ңԭҲ䲻

ֻ㣬ȥҸҪǹңҪǹ㣬Ҫǹҭ[[ʵ˲롣Լúûǡ

½ʹʡ
סĿڡ
½ʣ½أ
ֱɷֶ֣ƺ

½˻ĿڵĽʹȴڷС
½ʣԺôأ
½ŷĿҵĸ½ҹ˳̽ңϲ硣
ȶˣˤһӣĻӣˣ޷Ϊ١
գΪӣȥǹ١úТ˳ȥΪׯӣꡣ

½˻գۣԼӣοЦˣȴ̫Σˣˣȥ㲻Тˡ
ҰɣҴຼȥҲûʲôģͰ㿴ɡ
½ĸˡмңĸ׸ûؼȥ[[Ҫĸ׽

½ȴܾˡ
ڣ޷[[˵ٺһֳٶ۸Уʦߣҵ󡣶Լȫǲ֮󡣡
ұѧΪԣΪȫȫֲˡ
һӣ֤һˡȴ֪״Ҫ˼
ΪҽΪ[[󡣡
ԣ°ɡúûţҪ谭;

½ڵá
վҡ
סĿڡ
ҡ
ڣȥһС

һ仰վû˵꣬½һѪ˾Ҫ¡
½ֽס
½ĸ׵ļͷ
ԣԣ½˾̣ˣˣ
ƽŶ롣

½ſĸ׵ļͷŬ۾
ĸףĿںۡ΢ۡ


ޥޥģΪ
ܴؼˡ

գ֪żھǴС½̽
ֻ½ʱ½ɫ԰ףΪ״ǹ١
֪̾𣿡
½ۣӻˣѷ񲡣˵Ժˡĸױһֱ¸ܲô׻ຼȥ

½ͬϢ׷̽Ķ½ͷϹűΪҩͷҲˣҩڳ˯ģ
̾̽ȥˡ

½̾Ϣһ֪¶ֻ࣬ٶ
½ƽӣٲˣˡ
ʳ򣺡ҽ޵ˣ
ٸ֮꣬϶ꡣʦδ֮־ʵ֣ҲǼѻ
½ͷʲôʱ޺ˣ㿯С
ȶлˡ

ļȫʰ
½½˵ھǣĸҪҪȥ
½˳Ĭá
ˣ֪£úãӡ粻

ϴ½½˵ȥ㸸׽ס
½һֱף߳ңֻΪͣ
½˯ţ̧ϴȥ
½½˵漰һңø峤ຼ̫ˡͣĸຼ뿴ס峤
½˵ͷյǴȥ

½ںϰѹҲ꣬˴ԺޥĶȫװϴ
߳½תŴŻرա
½լۡ˴ã˳ȥ
µ˼סлЦᣬ˼̻
լ£ɢȥ






235.   235    

235 

ʮ, Ժ˷
￪磬յûиҲȥġҲûյǰͰ͸ġ
ϾգҲΪѴ, ɢͦ硣

˼һ̧Ϸ
Ǵ͸ġ
ޥ
˵Ϲޥ֪ЩԱ˭˭ЩԱ֪˭
ǹٳƵֶΰˡ

ġҡţʱŹ, С檡Ӱ١˶ʮﶼҪ١
, ұȽࡣ
ޥ죬ֱ, ֻҡҡͷ

ޥǴǰ½ҺլٷˣŻȰ䡣
أΪʲô
Щµޥ, Ὺˡ
л֮
ޥ֪ܲӰ죬ԼǸѪ, ˵ʲôӰ, ܺ

Цſ죬ֱ죬ʣǲǽϰߵˣ
ޥáֻ̫, Ѿûоˡ
ûо, յʱûоʱҲûо統ꡣ

пҺСȫҵ, ʱҲôӣǺܱһ, šҲţھˣҲ֪˭

ޥǣס֣ȥˡ
һߣ̲ס˵꾩ǻս¡
ʵǸ
ޥҲסˣһֱʣʹʲôУ

ʹ󵶵ġ´󽫣ʹ󵶡ʮġ
ޥ֣λƣҵǹĵܵսϲ֪
ʹÿġģսϵĹ򡣡
ֻźһŮӣһˣûսĻᡣ

ޥϹսġ
ޥף
ҵʱ˵ȥʶʶˣȥϽ¡û˵ֱӾսˡ˼ЩҲˡ֪ˣԹȥˡ
ʱ»ĹӣӣûʲôõˣһûһһʱҲûʲô˿ͶԽãҲҳ¡

ޥʣĸ£Ҳиİɣ
ǡ³ɾҡ
ѵԼɾԼ
ոգޥ뿪սźͶȻȻȨƣʼնźʧġ

ĸ硣Ժ˵˵ǰ°ɣҶ
п֣˵Ҳޥǰ£Һûӣʱɲסˡ
Сùǣ˵òˣ͵ɩɩˡ

翪ֿ꣬ҹ硣
ǹٳƵֶΣҹ˲࣬ǼԺͷˡҹޥ
ޥһվˡ
մ˺ͻһģһҷֻǺɫģǺɫġ
ԹѬɫɫǹ֮ɫѬɫϲ֮ɫ죬ϸǶ˴

ޥûʲôϼ֮ģҷˬһ߽ұãȻǼԺĶˣ
ֵǣޥԹˣ
ƹѲ˻Լ˶˾ơûˣԼˣ㲻н

ʹ̧ණʯУͷȻ졣
ޥ㱣˵ǰ
ǰһףһ棬ұ̵ʹˡ
ޥЦɲ߳ͷϱŮľͶ̨ˡ
˼ż˵ЦݹƣϲͶȵ㡣
ޥֺ˼ѣԺȻ죬۾ԽԽ

һʹǹӮˣ˲ͷҪһ
ޥĻ̵ס˾Ʊ
ҺȻкãɩɩ

Թǹһͷմ˰/ۣϾһ׵㣬ǹˡ
һֲޥԾǹˡ
һĿڴ׵һ
ȻȲʡ
ޥǹһȦһ

С
Цһۡ
С
ÿ
СҪˣÿÿġ

СͷһƹȥĨĨ죺ҾͲҲô׷ɩɩ
Щǿ󲻵áҹȥݶףĸ˵ҴһǺõġһĸɩɩһλ˾ˡ֪һûˡֻɩɩɩɩңҺһ˺øǡ

ԭǴЦ˵ģ˵˵ţϵЦ⽥ȴûˡ
Ҳǡ
ޥкӡǺӣһĺӰɡ
ֻܴԲءѾʮȫ֪㣬ˡ
ֹǡ

ޥʤЩˡϻоκ죬۾ر
ϲޥģһݸ
û˹ȾƣҴҶȵʮʹ죬ޥһͷһˡû֮ġ
СкãҪޥƴơ

һƣһ̾Ϣɩɩһ򡭡ҪǸжﲻܴһϧˡ
ޥԭЦľƣĻЦȴʧһ˲װȻʧ䡣
ȴ޴ʹ
ζӵ²סСĽš
С̧ͷޥѾָֻЦСĪ֪

ҹʮ־ˣҹɢ
ޥȵúСӮˣϾȾƣޥŲϣʮֵ⣺ɩɩ߲·ˣ籧ɩɩȥɡ
˵꣬Ӳȷˣ˹ȥˡ

ʹ˿ȥԼޥߡ
ҹˣе
һޥ˵㣬һˣµƻӕӣͥԺ컨ȴ˺ɫӰӡ
Զк˵ĳȴˡ

ڻֱϣȵģͷԼͷȥ
ĸ磬һھƶûȡ˵
ԺӲȾơ

֪̫ʵ۵ܣΨ־ƺʧԡϻԷǳ󣬾͵ξƲմˡ
ʵĸ֮ǰʳ
ʵϻ֮
Щûš

ޥҼǵ㰮ȾƵġ
̧ͷЦ㻹ǵã
ǵѽޥ͵ľˡҾ͵ҵľƣŵ˸ȥҲˡ

ЦЦ𶯡
ޥϲЦĸЦÿ
ʱַ衣ڣȫһˡ

Դĸ磬̧ͷ
̧ͷţ
㳢ޥ˵
ޥͷȥϵľζͽС
סϸ

ޥסòúȣ
Цúȡ
ޥɵɵЦЦ꣬ſͷ˵ĸ磬Ҽ޸ɡ
ɵϡ˵Ѿ޸ˡ

ޥҼ޸㣬޵ұȥ
ĽŲ˶٣ð
ǹ
Ҹǿ϶򡣴رܴ򲻹磬û⡣
һֱ㣬ˣһ㡣ﶼһԷģŮ
ɩɩ˶Уɩе顣ҪǸܣһ㡣
ﵱŵģƫܣ϶͵͵ԡ͵͵յġ

ޥŻͷţֱóˡ
޵ȥԭǹ
һӡޥˣҸöຢӡ

Ѿ߽Ժ̤Ϸ
ޥʣ𣿡
ˡޥޣ۵۾Ӱ
ǾͲˡͦõġ
ޥãҡ

ǿޡ
ĸ磬𣿡
ŵ˴ϡ
۵òˡ

ޥ޵ϡﻩ
˵ˣڲˡ
ַӣ´
ңҾͲˡ






236.   236    Э

236 

ޥСڶ춼ûܰʱǺѾþòŰͷʹ
ڹʵˡ
˳ˡ, ûϵĶϵ
ϵ֮󣬻ʵۺͻһϵϵʵ̫, ֮ϵ

ʵ۵ֵǶʵȦھǲųȥȨ, Ƚʵطϵңһֱݰң, ЩԹ¡
ò飬ǿ, ϿҾӡ˳ΣõطԱĶ֧, ¶õ֤ݣһϵ޻˵
벻ǼԺ, Ҳк͵طԱˮﻥһա

ۡ͡Цˣ˭õء
ܸˣ, ǵ죬ǽвԩ߲ÿࡣԭԼ, ҲݲǡӴˣñ߽߱ǽǼЩ֦Ҷġ
̫Ҫ, ÿһҪǮոԤ㡣ԶǳԳ͢ĺȳ͢ҲͰˣȻ, Ϊط

˸ͳƣܳϻ徭ķܣŮڵ, ʮ֮ࡣ
ŮӲͨ˼ҵŮӣһҲҪԳ͢Ҳڡ
ԺһˣѺϵֱͣ˼ʮξξξǲ˵
ֻôЩˣҵҲţһë
ҲũˣȫǳԹҵġҲСܳأȻҪԭذβˡ

㿴Щ۽˫ȡһۡ
˷ȫǴ۵ǻ֮꣬󣬳ǹԺͽ顣
ٵط˿ĳһȻסС½̽ģ
½Ե˼·ǲġ۵ֻһǸǳµ

˿
½󷪽ʹԸԹЧûоλıƶֻų͢ԣ÷ξµ׼ƾ٣辩Ĺְ

½ӣЩ
Ժ԰޼֦Ҷ˳ʵ˽⣬⣬ǵų·ߡֻҲ𼱣ʮ꣬λϵϣٻ֡
֮ǰԺ¿ȰԼ

۱ϲһ㣬£ֲԡ
һ·ߵʵ۵λϣûԴרȨȨ£ȫڴ׼ķΧڡҲԸⴾΪһλ
ڹ٣ȴҲһΪġ
̾Ϣ

ı̿⼸ҿеġ
һ㶼ǽƺһƵĽʿ½ȻС
Щӣʮ꣬޵ɡʮʮ꣬޵ĸϡ°͵ġ
ףˣʡ

Ҳڣֱӵʡ
ԣҡͷָЦ̾ѽѽ
ϸҸղűˣôˣʲôϲ£ôˣ

ʵʻȻûлشֻ򴽣΢΢𿪡
۾Ц⣡
ʵӶǰˣһʲô˵ˣ˷ʺ˵Ҳºˡ
ǡŴȥл

ȻŽл
ʵ۸ˣֻŻ
Ļܡûв˵ġ
ȡһ쳼޾˵޸

ʵգգۣ֮ȴЦ
ѽѽԺ󣬺úö˼ҡ
·ôӹģԻֶΣбȻٲһЩϲ̨¡
ˣڵ˼һԸ⡱

ɼŮ²ɵġ۸пŮ֮䣬ڡԸĸ֣ЦҲ飬Ҳ顣
ǸŮ·ǳ־ͨˡ
ֻšԸĸ֡
ֻޥ֮ĸֱ֣ˡˡ

Ѓ̽ˡ
ãôˣ
ҪˣѾҴҽҪߣһסĪߣһ˵
۲ôǣ

˵ϣޣ£ʮˣ
۴һôˣǻң
ʵĹ˷ղŻؾǡ
صǣ֪СȥԷıԷֻΪǸˣƢֻ漸գûˡ
ܹŮҵüˣܹ

˼գСؼҡͲ֪ȥӣ̨¡
ȥ֪Է˵³һͷˡ
лҲģ˵֪Ϲܵȥˡ
ȥ

ҲûɣСԶҲ뿪ܵķΧܱĵطҲôЩһȦ֡Ҳ
žòԡѯԷˣԷ˺ܿ϶˵ʱ˼ǻسǡ

ű˹٣ɳ໤ʹһҡ
գոռ˳츮ĲͷҴҶҵСʬ塣
类һסһ·žͽˣ

ŻӺŮ˺ˣǱ˾˵ǹܣ˳츮ҲãԺңŮ𣡡
ֻȥʵۡ
ֶŮˣʵҲᣬˣȥæܱߣ˴ɱңȥҳ
ּ֣

ȻҪӣصԺţֱӵسȥ˳츮ˣЭͬ鰸
سһ֣ϡ
سǰˣһظޥҵҿˡ

ޥĿһ
سǽ˵ԺЭ˳츮顣
С͡Ц˳
ޥ
سҲЦˣҵȥ˳츮أȸˡ

ɩɩġСЦҵȻΪҵ
ޥͷ
ɱСС֪ʮָˡʱ˵ɩɩ
ɩɩҲǵģҲҶֵһ֡ƴŵȨƣܷ㾡ãС
ޥΪ֪ףײŲ붯á
Сۼӣֻ

СǸŤˡ㲻ֻۻͼʡתˡ
ޥҲû취
Ȼܣȴվÿÿ˶ǲͬġ

ޥ¡
źˣ㾡ܷġߣȥϴ衣
˵ţޥȥ

ޥųرڣѩһ׵ڻͷס
Щôôɵؿǲʲôң
ءĨ˰
ޥӹƭ̫Σʮ־裬ֻ

ðɡס㣬˵ˣ½ȥˡ
ޥ˶٣ջȣŶһ
³ͶˣѾڿ⸮ˡ
ѹڰϣȻ֪½Բôԡ

ޥˮšֻ׵£˭϶ֻ
߬ס֣ЦƫҪֻƾʲôʲô¶šƾʲôڶزأ㼲
ޥ㲻Ǹˡ

ʲôġ
½ĵطǣرۣŮ
ˡ

ޥڻȦסޥ
ޥסֱۣˮ档
Ҫңұ

ĸ磬ҲǷ½ԡ
ҲǷ½κˡ
ûʲôܼ˵ġ






237.   237    ᰸

237 

Ժ֮, ЭСɱһΪ˱ʾԴ˰ӣԺͼʹ˳츮ȥ¶˼档
Ժɳ˴ķ̿, ھǺԷԷ֮·ϣչ˵̺ʽѲ顣
ɱСֻûҵСȴޥ

ҶޥȻ, ʲô鲻ֱӹ˵Ҫдţʶ֣
˵, ţ, ò˵
Сʣ˵ʲô
ޥĬ˰Σˡ

Сӹֽһ, ȡһ֡
һҽϵʵġ
СôҲ鷿˵ѧʲô, ӵ鷿ֺû̫ˡ

ллһֱչǡǻǺȥҹ֮Ƿ졣ǵѾȫ֪, ȥʲôӡ
ǵķӺӣǾǵѾ, ȱӡѾܻʹˣҲּۻˡ
, ǻ׼㹻Ĳֽɡ
ǵȪݣдŸ㡣ҲȪʲôӵġ

Сһֽӻϡ
ޥԷ, ôܾˣ
С߾£ܹǵȣ
ޥתͷϻһûţ
С۵Ǹҵġ

˵Ǹ, ȴ
ޥƤ
Сһһǲˡ

ʹŰǮǷ⡣

Сŭ
ûôأըˣǼͭ壿
ûСʡǮأ
һǧˣ

ŭ֮£ֽӵϡֽŵ£һߡ
˵ӣޥʮΡۺԼǷţյУ̾߱߰ɡ
ԭ뾡չİ룬˸־ԭþǵġ

иƨ־ʲôû䶼档С˵˾ǻû涨ͽ·ϵ˸ɱء
ޥޣͯ޼ɡ
վˡ
С˭ͯ

ҲνҪߣ̧
бƳ۵ϵֽţ߹ȥչͰ͵ġǲô
߾ߣдʲôšֲʲôˣҲʲôˡ

ֻ־ãôյĵһҲΨһһ˽ż
Ͼ˻ǵдŸ˵һϡ档е㱣ֵɡ
ôţ㽫Ͱ͵ֽϣֽЩӶƽˡ˻

ޥ˯ţڻڵĻط
ʣôˣ
û¡ޥ˵İôˣ
ԭ簲źˣȵʱƳȥû뵽Э飬ˡġ

ޥʣҪ𣿡
ҪñΪȥһ̸˼Ǯضֵõġ
мۡޥ̾ıȱ˵𣿡
ǶԷġǵȱ˹ôͼϣȾء˭Լģ

ޥסȲ˹Լ
ֻôһ˵ޥҴӲԼͼ˾ҵͼҲҪͷϵġḧı˵úݺ뼸¡
ޥЦˡ
ӣпҲ壬ۡ

ޥЦ꣬һ˵Ҳˡ
ţ
ɱ֮ǰˡޥָΡҷǲ˾˸ͬġ̫/ʵ۶ĹءҲ˵[[ˣҲΣο[[ûĶɱ[[ˡ

ͷģЩԷԼ󣬲״ɱȴֶ״ɱɱֻ̫/ʵʱ򣬻ûмԺʱҷȨҲ󣬻оȨһʵ۶ڣҲܸЩˡԺʵ֮ҲֱӶҳ֡㿴𣿡
ޥʵ۵ȨǸ£ܳͷǵģɷҲǻʵ۵Ȩ

ûȨˣɷΪˡޥΪʲôҪ䷸ˡ
ԣɱ
ޥ˵ַ˸

ޥ쵽ʲô£ȥ˯ţʡ
ޥҶˡ
֣Ƥ

ͻ˶ԣϣҲҪҶֵġ
ȱСѽҶŵԶԶġޥԽҶͬϧͲ£޷ŷھƤӵ¡

ˣҲֻӲͷƤޥ˵˽ҶС뿪ǵ¡
û߾߰ɡԼҪģҲܲ˵ġ
ǣҲšޥϣСˡû˸ùˣܹһӵġ

ֻǣô˵߾ߣޥЩ񣬡ôߣ̧ţ
Ƥֱ
ͬڳ˵ġؾˣν桯̫ǲһɫޥ§øʲôʱߣҲȥߡֻԼҪϹܣ­[[ң
ֽ
ޥסָס

ЦȲס

˼գԺĵ̺ʽȻЭ˳츮ץɱС֡
ˣסʵۻ㱨
ʵ۲죺ô£

һﻧϺ̤ҵׯڣǰ˵һٱӣʹ̤ȡӺ˿ڸȾˡ
ʵû˵
һǸˡȽˮòñӳü޲ȥ벻Ͷˮˡ

ʵ۳ĬƬ̣ʣ˭ס
ˡ
ϸϸʵ۽Ϻ޿Ϊӱ𡣺Ϊڼ֡Լ󣬷˼꣬ͦͶףɱ˿˿
˱ûף׿޹֮ȥųס

һذסԺ˳츮ͼԺʵ˿ڵȶԵϡֻк޵ɱַ֮ʶ඼ˡ
ɱֻǱ𣬽йˡĵмĺó¡
ʵۺ󱳶е㷢ʣʮߵأѲҲɱˣѵ˹֮𣿡

ˡ͵˳ÿ·³͸һɱֱӱȥˡԭǽˣ˵ǱңˣǻȥҲһ
֪˵ģЩ˻ظҲһ㲻ԹɢȥˡûץˣҪôɽҰҪôѾ˾ܡ
ʵϣЩ˵ͱ˵ճɻˣҲҵеκһˡ

ʵĬȻãʣʮɹʲô𣿡
˶٣ʮҸǰһֱǸʮϲĺӡ
û˵
ʵ۵˵ˡ
ھǵһֱ̫ãǰ

һҼҵģ˭ãǸԪ˵۸ǰʧʮһ塣
ʵۣ٣
Ȱ˭ڱǰóõӸ¿ڱǰأοһŮӣȻҪס

ʵʣôˣ
ֲ˵
ʵ۵˵ɡ
֣˵¹ѶҶ
ʵʣʲôʱ£
ȥʮ¡

Ǳǻʵ۸ոշһϵȻԻʵ˵ͳԶݣȴ׵ܵܣǵܵи׵һ
Ӷչʾӵ֮һ

ʵ۵٣ҶѶ
̰ģٶҲҪࡣߣҲ֮ͬҲǿġ
ʵ۵١

ԴˣСɱ᰸
Ӵʧ˵۳衣
ʮ³½Թɽص˾ǡ






238.   238    

238 

½ص, Ȼؼ
ƷƣǱ߷¡
Ʒƴһô𣿡
ǣӲ, ¡½˹٣ĸຼˡ

ƷĲϲ½, ôҲ﷢£Ϊϱǵõôӵأ
½ĸ׶ԾǲϤ, Ҳϲ򣬻ǻຼ, Ҳ㡣
Ʒʣĸ׻ðɣ
½Щˡ˶ֵԺġ

Ʒ룬չһӲѵɷ, ͸Ҳ÷ѽ, ô
Ϊ½̾
½ͷġԺҡ
ƷЩ԰׵, ۵صͷ

½һ¾пʲô¡
ƷƵ붼벻Ǹħɱˡ
½ʣ˭
ҵĿƷƵ, ʮ

һˣģûϲֻҲ벻Ҳе̫ҡ, ˵ҲǶж񱨣ɺôҲǹأô, 
½˵ֻӡ

ص鷿
½ȥ, һ˵
΢΢촽
ﾹȥˡ
ֻҲûֹ

ڶգڸУ׫½
ڸ˳С˵ԣۣȥˡ
˳ˣô£
סСӣҲڵʱ򶼷ʲôˣ죬˵˵
СЦַ֣֪ͨɩɩȥ

ã½̧
Ų˶١
½жÿԲض˵ˡֻմ˼Բۣ˽ߵģ֪أžмɫ

½񣺡
񣺡֡
֣½˶ߡ
½ɫܲ԰סͰ𪣬İס
촽ʱҲӦǲ԰ûѪɫġΪڸֲ԰ף˵һ㴽֬˴ɫ
һС

ʣֿ֮Уɿ˳
µ˳˽²á½Ҹ¹٣ϲ磬Ҿ˼Բȴʧǡ¹Ѿ游ȥְĸѾЯҸຼǲٳˡ

ü
Ϊ½بޥ½м䣬һֱ½
룬½Լĸס͸¶ϸϢʵζ
޵ֺ־

½ÿɷ񣬴ӡ
ã̧˵Ǿ仰
ɷ񣬡˵üѣˣ
һˡ
һֻãüˣ
ǹ𣬻ˣ½ȥ

½һСæȥޥˡ
Ϸʱޥ
̧ˣ
ͷӿˡ

ޥ½Ľ
һӣԼĸףǹ٣۶ƼҵȨ
ףð֮踡гһ·ʿ֡
۷˭ϣֵÿģֵЦ

ޥ½ǣҲо⡣
µ½ȴҪ½е
ޥ̾ϢʣҪ𣿡
ȥ
ޥЦЦվá

Щ᲻ãһ·ŵ
ǸãǰţǽǽǺţͨլޥ°ؼ档
һΣҪ½ˡ

ޥſ˻֣Լȥ
ͷޥȥˡ
ޥ߽ţƹǽ㿴ˡ
СͿ˳βС̧žȥϴ°ǽ͵ȴлһ޶ס쳶ˡ

Сϴ´ɿǽɩɩȥ㶼֪ɩɩʱǸɫȫң
ܡ
ٶ٣ɩɩǰһˡ
С㬣졣

ޥƹǽ㿴½
һ֯Բۡ
֯𰡣ϲġ˵ײ͡
ޥһ¡

½ٿתޥ
һޥģܶ֡벻ӡ
̫ˣҲǴ֯ӡ⣬һֱϸģֻ½ңĲϲûʲôᴩ

ǰȹǳӡһҷţȹڷţûʲôٲʲôٷģֻһ½𻷣һͷѻ෢˿β
ˬ
½һ£Ȼ룬ޥޥ
ǣޥޥеģ

ޣʵԭͳֳϡ
ԭͲʺ˵ա
ڽϣӲѹԼ롣
ʵǣޥޥеģ

ޥ½Ŀӡ
û½½˺ޥ
½䣬ǸƲȥˡ
ޥǰһķ
½ԡڣҡ

ҲǷ㡣
ҲǷ½ҡ
ĸף
ȥҲȥ
һҪĸúõһӣҴӦˡ

ֻû˵½Ѿ󲽹ӵ˻У
ޥϤİĻס
֪ˣҶ֪ˣĴ½סᣬڵһʱ͸ޥޥĴ½ҵĴ

˵̾˵һ̶ܵȣ
˭Ҳ޷Ԥ⣬һתǴһҲ
ϸ
ޥޥˣûؼң㡭½̣ʹԼҪúõػ
Ҫúõػţ

ҪԵô㣡ҪŽڸŮһף½ΪŷգŪ޷޸ġ
˲ᱻƭġޥޥһֱܴ
úõػȥӦң

ޥ۾ֻʶ
صӿȫιܣָ֫⡣
˰
ԸΪ˰
µټ֮ʱȥϴˢʧĳ衣
µǣòֵãòֵá

ϸѩ¼۾Цִ÷꣬ຼˮŮ°ӵɾޥõ껪ˡ½ԡϡ
̫ˣֵãǷԼ

ޥ½̧ͷ
һֱûٶأվǰˡ
½ԡޥЦˣ
ޥޥ½Цţȴᣬþò
Էֱ󣬽ټ

ط꣬ǽնޥϲĴ֯𣬻㱷·һҪص
ޥ˷ӡ
زȥˡ
һ߹Ҳزȥǰ
زʱ棬زʱ鴼һ·׿ţǵǰߡ

½̰
֪뿪Ҳûлˡ
۾ͱգȷ˻Ķá
ϧ۰ǻ
ΨüۼľŻ

½ͷȥ˳ӣã̧ͷޥһĺϢ
ޥޥҽ̽
һΪھ
һ࣬δĳ롣

ޥҲӣЦ֪ȥνˣ㴩ĺÿ˵ˡ
½ٶ࿴ҽ⴩ġ
ޥЦˡ
½쿴ˣͷֻ¶۾ϳ۾ˣֻҵʱ룬㲻
ޥⲻ㡣

½
һ̧ĴϲδǰƮ
Ҳ֪㡣
ô
ô
ĵشˡ






239.   239    ȥ

239 

½ͷĨ˰, ̧ͷ㴩Ҳÿ
ޥЦˡ
Цÿ
ɫѳƽ˼

, Ҵˡ½ʣ𣿡
ޥЦȥ˵ͷ
½᣺ֻˡ
ޥúܺˡ

ʣĸû𣿡
½˲, ľ״̬ܲȶ⣬ûҪޥ½˵¡
ޥ뿪½Ҵŵһ, ½˵¾Ҳˡ
½Ѿ֪ڵο

ޥͷҶȥʱ, Ҷʾԣ֪ʱ, ұ룬Ҽ½ҵ߰, 飬δ

½ֻÿɬ
סͷɬֹĸо, лҪҴ㡣
ޥ
ģҲġ½, ظޥޥ, 䣬ʵ˲롣㡭ڻߣؼǹĸ, ؼǹҭ[[Ҳؼǹҡ㣬úõչ˺Լ

ޥ᣺, ǴмʶˣҲǡǭ[[
½ʣܴ£ĿʾˣӰ[[𣿡
ޥͷ

ˡ½
ޥ뱧[[Ҫͷ¶βǴôһ
Իŭ
ĺںޥ

ӶḾˡǽ֮á
[[½δΣҪҵδΡ½ұݽ棬΢ҵǸ࣬󡣡
ޥ[[δҲ㡣ķ£չ˺ԼС

ޥͷƭ[[ˮ뺦[[ģҵĿ
½ʣǻɱ𣿡
ǡʱڼҡޥ˵ɱ

ôһ˲ֹ
½룬ʶԭǸɱˣɱ˵ˣ
Ϊ˺լԺ䣬ҪŮˣ
ȥһɴƵģ½ʶһȫͬޥ

ҡ𣬡ûí[[Ժٲˡ
ޥеһԺЩ
½ͷá
ޥʣô
½ºͣݴȡ

ޥʣԭ[[𣿡
½һԭ[[á
ˡޥΡ
½ұˣ֪ˡ

еⷽоͻ˸һЩ½١
ʱޥˡҲǶԵʱ䣬Եˡ
ֻˡ
ˡ
ʵ׵ú磬ԣĺߣҲ
࣬ס
ܵ˵

˵ĶⳤİޥܲܶԱ˺һ㡣
½ͷá
ޥ̾Ϣ̾꣬
½ͷҿʲôʱʣٸ㡣

ޥһˡ
ˣʡ
߲²ԣΪ׷飬½ͨһ顣ǧܲףǡ½

ޥһֱΪֻ½ͨһϾˡ
۾ỮգңҸӺԭϣܺúùԼӡ
ֻû뵽վǲߡ
˭زȥˡ

ˣ¡½չˡ
ޥ᣺л㡣
½Ӧõġ

˵Щˣ½㲻ʭ[[𣿡
[[£һֱ֪ޥ֪Խһ֪ʳסеϸ
ʵޥǸ½ʵÿέ[[ţҶ͵͵ȥˣڳţǲ֪ҡ

ʱ䣬½ÿ»һһԴŭ[[ȥ½ɸϰݷáô˵ޥʵ
šޥϣҼܶΡ
½ܺ

ڼѰЩһɨĻ档һСͨ֣ǲǣ
ޥ۾ô
½ɬˡ
ԭֹһΣһδΡ

ŲȻǽתͷˡ
ϸ½㹻ʱ䣬ҲͲסˡ
½ޥһĸ硱ǰһת
һΣǸɫ۵ȥˡ
һΣٲĳԺˡ

ޥȻȻݳ֡
¶Цǣסޥ֣Լһޥһ˽Ļ
½ޥȻ˴ǰޥ˽ʱЦ̡
ͷ¶Ц
ΪʲôЦΪ꣬ޥеʱҲ鲻ԽرЦˡЩõǴĵġ

סޥ½̸һЩҪͺ˵
ޥվֱͷ̸ˣ˵ɡ
Ȼȥ
²ˡޥ΢΢ס

תٿһ½ԡ
ЦЦ
żҷ̧֣иȭ
½̧֣Ҿ໹

һ԰ݣƵ
ֻᷢԵɢ
ޥԣһ
Ӵˣ½ֺͻˡ

½ˮεεשϣʪ˼ӡ
ɫѥӳҰ
˵ȥˡ
½ֱȥۡ

Ƭ̣׵ʱһֱ룬˸ҽȥҾͽȥһ
ޥۣĿⶼ̹֪½ûʧ
½ʣ˭ȥ
̾ɡ
½ˡԭ°ҲޥˣԺǰ˸ֵĶ塣

ֻ°ؾޥȥ
ν޷޸°ˡǱţЩ
½ȭޥʱľ

ֵУͳһӵݹȥ㡣
½ӹ˷֪ʲôˡ
ʤʱв½ıһ˵˹켣
ûʲôãȥɡ

л½ͷ衣
˺ܿ˻
½ڻԱߣǲһҳҳ˺ͶС
һҳճ˻ҽ½Ż棬֪֪ȥ⣬ǿѹҸɥ£е·

Ŀ
½վĿ⣬ˡͷ϶ص֪
Ц
룬½֪붼סˣһӲҪ֪

ס
½Ĭá
ߣɬȻԶʤʹ౻ߡ

úܽ½ᵽŨѬ㡣
ոգҲᵽޥϵѬ㡣
õһѬ㣬ֻǻѬúأޥѬõһЩ
۸ŨأѬ½ϲġԶƫá
ʺޥʺһ£ˬЦйޥ

Ϊʲôᷢأ
½۾ʹ
Ϊ˳Űš
½ףΪڰ˰
Ŀ

صϷޥȥˡ
˶٣ֵʤʱǸҸˡ
ޥһۡ
ڨڨҲûʲôá
ޥΣѽ
ҪסҾˣӦˣ˵





240.   240    


240 

½ص, ¡
ҵҡ
ǻˡ
иˡ

֪кܶزܸ, ѾǸ档
Ľֻеۿɬʣɡ𣿡
½Ŀɬ, ܺá

˵ʵֻһֻżСޥе, ʮǰޥ׵˶ѡ
ڵĺã߻㱵, ûǧµ򣬽ƹɡ

½ʣҪ𣿡
뿪ޥѾ, ֪ԼĺӶޥġΪˣΪűһݶ, סһ׷Զп;ǣȫ˶塣
֪, Ҷ˹ޱá½ٷ˱ˣԿʵټ

ҡҡͷѼˡ
½ͷ
, ûغԺһеһ, ع졣
˻ǵǰߣÿ˶ǡ

ޥ½Ե˸ò¡
ޥ²ض˵ġ
˵ɡ

½ԼȲ԰״˵ףͲʹ졣⵱潫ޥԼޥҲû, ȥǲ̤ʵ
½ˡʵڿɺޡ׼ִ֣֮, ˭˲ϧ
ޥϧôһҲָܷ

Żӡʮӡʮһӡʮӽѧ¶ˣǽ½ԡ
ޥǺ£ǻ£
ȻǺ¡ֻǽʦѧʿǲǻǵʦ»ʢأ굹̫ӵӣ²ȥˡȿţʺӣ곤ĻӳͣһҲ;ŻӡʮݸЩФ֮ӡ֮ӡֻûǸ˼λʱ򡭡

ޥ˵Щ
ðɡȦӵĻָϥǣ鲻Ըֱ˵ˣʾ¿
ޥǲͦõ𡣡
Ȼá¸͸ף½Ҫصġ
ޥȻˣǾͲõˡҲ
ðɡ

ޥѾ˵һղ˼Щס
Ѿߣ
ޥ캮ˣûζЩġ


ʮѮСЩޥ
Ҿ˵ʲôҪôɱˣҪôˡߺߣ㻹ҡ
ޥľסˡ
СǵȣǽҶɱˣҲЦŸ˵˵ˡ
ҺС˵ݸͽƭǮȥ׼

ޥһʣڰȫ𣿡
С˵ȫˡ
ޥȷϸʹ̡
ԭҶСӣƭȥǮ׼ȥš
ҶҶʮʹ
ˣҲǶϹ˳л˲ڶҶӣѱסնӣ˳ҹɫˡ

ֻһǮûˡ
ֻнҶϻһϸ˨ޥļԺӣŵġ
˺ԥϾס˸׼Ժ˵ص˾´ϵľȥˡ
þˡ

ɵף֪˭ȡСֱۣǱ߿һ֪ǵݣɸ봫ʵˡ
ޥ㰲һ°ɡ
СʣǱ߰ͻɡ
ޥǻʲô

СĬһҲ㲻ˣ
ΪޥǸأɵҲҪһܵġ
ޥǵҲܲ˶Ůһءοԭİ·˼ˣܸʶѾԵˡһȥ󺣣ԼҪģʲôҪȥܣ
СҪ棬һӼˡ

ޥֻ΢΢һЦСʵûֱ°ɣ
С˺һҿǴС͸˷ֱ𣬱ˡ
ʱŸռأôǵסˡ˵ʵϲȥǹ鴦ޥƽ˵ϤϤ֣⾩ءͼġ
壬ʵûķֱ

Сأ
ޥϣʵڲҡʮ˸ĸ޵˽ȥԭΪ꣬һĸɷҲܻ˼ٿ֪Ͼ˳ʮĸ£һˡ
ԭΪҾҵĹ鴦㿴أ
ķĸΪһӲ뿪ˣҲиԵȥ

壬Ҹ˵ޥ˲롣
û˭˭עһӰһ𲻷ֿ
ҶֲСǴˣȥ·ˣҲʵʡ
ΪŮӣǣ޹ң޾ܱԼȥĵطȥѵѾǿ̫ˣ
Щأţˣ£Ȩƣĸһɣʲô;þǲǶԵģ

СֻƤ
ɩɩϹ˵ʲôءúõģ˭Ըܣడ㿴˳ܵ࣬ϱԹ࣬˭ϣھ󰡡
˵ˣʲô벻ġֱۣŲɣҺ͸磬һӲֿ
˵ֵ꣬ɩɩҲǡɩɩҪҶˣ׷㵽ĺȥŲţ

ޥҾ°ˣҲϳôŸʲô
ޥɱ֮Сܾɩɩʲôطò̫һˡ
ԭǺܸ˵ģĪеĵ
ǰǸĵɩɩĵûһɵģܵܵģôôأ

ޥ˵ؽҶȻǵӣԺֱ鲼·չһɣлҲԺĹˣ߼˽˱ǡ
Ժ⣬ԼԺˣСָ˰ƱҰɡ
ʶˡ
ޥݸ

òԶӷɸ㵽ˡ
Ҷˣֶֻ˱ѾڼԺ˾´׳԰׺ա
Ȼݻûʵеȴġ
ǾǼԺԺġȣ˾´һߺʵǵݣһ߾ɳȥ˹ӵѡ

Ժʵǲసӵģֻʵնİӡ׽ˣ㶪ݸá
ӣֵǷЩѲˮѣʣµĶ˽ҶСӡ
Сһ£ܸˣˣ
Ҷ֣ſסһģͷȥͿǱϲˡ

Һˡ
Ժš
ʹ飬òһȷݺӵĶӦ˾´ˣƣǮƷӦ
˼ԺĴӡʹ£˵ױʻѺ

൱ΪҶһݼԺڲ·ţԺ߱ÿһ˾´ˡ
ҶЦѽѽѽ
СӵҶ˵ˣǸµģʡǼǮ
ðɡҶ˵´Ҳúøдš






241.   241    

241 

Ǭ幬
, ɱ˴վ½ԣһƬɪгһĨɫ
, ֪ڵġ
߹ȥ

˵ϡ½
˵ͷǡ
Ʒ½[ļĸ½[ˣҪ½Ҽ/ꡣƷһȻӰˡ
ΪĸӰɴС½, Ҳ˱

ޥһֱͨʱ, ܻۿǶǴỹСǼ, ̤ʵ

½պ, Ϸ˴٣Ϊ, ϻȥȶΪҸ
˼ǣڴȶ¡ȶεĻ, ȨǺţʢʲôʱŮ¡ΰݡֻȥС
Ů, ܳ

ϻֱӵãպ, ϸ
½˵һĻȻֹ 
һҲóˡˣﲻա
ޥΪ, ȴҪͷ棬һֱ
ҪһԭޥҪ½һжҿˡ

½Ź̨µĹ㳡ǡ
ޥδκ, ùŶزءڵ
ѾɸˣϵĲˣĻ١Ǳˣϣ½Ҳϣ˭κΡ
ѵܸ½һعͬԣ̾벻ͨЩ£ˣ

Ǳպϸ½
ҪӦС໽Ťתͷȥ
½ĻĿ⣬Ȼס
Ťԭסĵط΢΢¶һߡ
һ÷

ǸλãޥϲġԱסż¶Ī˵ϡ
ʱޥƤЦϲô֣óˣССص⡣
ЩƤЦ֣ʱֻѰ

Сʵ۵ĻתͷҪڣȴ½۾ֱֱض
ʶ˳Ŀⰴ˾ĳ
Ŷ

ͭ￴ˡޥϲλá
ޥ£죬סЩ忴ϲ˵ﶨЦҡ
Цüɢž뽫ӵ뻳У͵͵غ塣
Ц˵һᣬǺ

΢΢عǡ
Ǿɣһȥ
޳ָƽ죬סżйһ޼˽ܣ½˹ȥ

ĿҲ
΢˷磬ϣѡ
һ½һֱرȥ޷رˡ

ޥΪˣֽΪչǲһġ
ǣ˷ޡ
Ů֮ȥֻһַʽ
ȻвȱֻҪ룬ܺޥˮ֮

½ޥ۾ӡ
ɱ֮䣬е˴ָɬ֮⡣
ֻЩֻһ˵򣬶ѾΪһռ

Щգʪ۾߽ૡ
ûиҵ뼡ĽӴ
񣬶ˡ
̫ˡ
̫ˡ

½ڰ˱վãں֪ܼɬܵĸоô¡
˵ʣʡ
ë쾭壬Ȼ
ֻãΪξ

½סĿڣںĿ
ʹɬܣµܵĸо
ɢˣ
ܲʹˣ
ֻʱᵽˡ
½ۣϢӲѺͷһӿ˻ȥ

֣С֡
½ͷ֣ȥ
С๪ں档
ֻ̲ס̧ͷ˿½ֵıӰ
պΪɫ԰ףӱƽʱһ룿
һ֣֮С

صպİŸޥ
ޥ죺ϸ
δۡϾҷˣЩͬעĿȻȻȺС
ޥԥ֪½˵ʲô

½Ļѧޥ
ޥʣȷ£
ü£ȥ
ޥֻһҪ󣺡
ֲɱ˿񡣡
ޥðɡ

ѾߣյûϷ˵ģ
˴μκ硣˲ȥǻ˵£˼Ҹøǵ¡
ʽȫˣλ

ޥҲ½ɵϰߣЩűá
ѾֻڡƷϡǲңһұҵˡ
ޥ˿˵ͷ

Ȼָڿ˵㡣
ޥ
ƯЩ֪ҷж
ޥһЦЦ

Ϸ˵Ǹ硣
ޥ紿ΪڰĶŮ졣
ƷΪŮȥҲҴ֣æкˣɩɩЩ

ƷӺܺãȥңɩɩǶͦõġ
ֻ»ʱӲѣһ½ңƵƵܡ
Ϸѵ֮󣬲ѹײˡ

Ÿҡ֣ȴվѼŮļҡ
ѼŮЯŷػ̽ҶҪ޷ַӡིͱܻ䡣
ΪҲŮӵļҡ

ڴſڸӭӿ˵Ϸ˵һϱϱ
½½صˡԽģԽԽߡ
æµãأ˾ϡˣżһǳʱ£˵ġ
ҵĶϱ͸ӹ˿ϱ˵ˣĶˡ
ˣҲϽȥȡȡů

ϻ䣬ͣ
ʽһ£ͬɫͬƣ㶼ɫֽý䡣
һǴԱҾ졣
æִ

ȻѾŮǰ˽ŵʣÿӣŮֱôţһλˡ
ò̬ȣһǴҸ
ȴϵá
ҶϱﷸֹӭȥЦӭˡʹˣԲãһʱûλ

Ѿ߽ݸҶϱߵ͸
δı΢ЦűɷգӣᶽԺ»
һſںȻһ
ҶϱϱЦסˡ

ſ͸һ·Ժȥ
ķˣϷҲˡ
ýԾ
ƷײͬͲͬݲͬҵĸλٷ˷Ӧĵطд˲࣬ͷ׵̫Ϸǡ

ˣ
˼޸ˣμκġҹپѾϰߣֻּΪ˲ʧø¡ͻȻˣ

Ҷ̫Ƕˣһ£ܿ侲
Ϸ˵롣
ֵƷʹи󣬲ӭˡ

̫Ƕͷǣء
ҲǴҲԭ֮һǸƷھĶƷУͬǴҵͷˡ
̫ˡλߣȨִʵǲô򽻵
һλ̫̾ţ֮ޣĪҪҡͷ֮ޡ

ţҡͷǾ˳ʱӺһʱȨˣҲȢӡ
ڼȨ˵У߶ı˵ӡ
֮ް衣˵£ͷʹ
ͷ֮һжԱ˿ͷίߡ˶΢еġͷȻҪΪԼһسӡͷʹ

ţ֮ޣǸֺǺǵŮˡ
Ϸλ񻹼ǵãǸ쵰ЦоѣӹĹŮ
ԡţˡʼ͸ˣҾϲ̫֡ˡ
ƩϷӣţ˵ҽеȥʲô˼Ҿϲʹһ
£ҲġֻǸլˣˡҪ˵ЩϷɡ

֪ţľǰֶѡ
裬УԱҲ¡
ˣóԺúд˵ϷӷϣϲϷܻϲϲ߸˵ȥ
һαֺǺǴŮӣֺǵ˸һް߰ס
ֻϣļԺķˣҲ㣬ͺˡ





242.   242    

242 

ӭḾ˴ϼɫƵĹ䳤, ϻȹŹ
ζ󣬵ûд, ҲܿǵĺɫеϷǾ㶼һ
һ㱻ϷѼ䡣
, ϵغദʮº̸·Ҳ˳˳ۡ

ҶЦϻ, һһ䣬ó治
, Ƭ̣Աֳ̫סӡ΢΢, Ȼ˵ϼҵ԰ҲǾһ
Ϸ֪⣬˸͸, Ц⼸ϹͷͲŷˣ, նҪˡ
˵ϷɫĿһǸԶ֮ء
ҶЦ, û˺ܻ˵Ҳദ

ָɵ͸Ǹȿɿ, ֪ޥ⣬԰ӡ
ҵ԰ھҲеļɽ, ѵ͵÷
ޥţżͷһ䡣
ɽʯҲԵĿڹͣ, ʶıһ˵˵ЦЦޥǲϣ㻥и΢Цȥ

ĿڼɽѰȻһʯɫȼ׵ĸ˴Ӽɽʯ̽ӣ˼ơ
ǼԺ֮ǰ˵ġ
Ժͽȥ˼ֱҪ̫ࡣҶҵרӡ

سԱļĳԺȻԭġ
ֻԺǻʵ۵۾ʵ۵Ķ䣬ʵ۵ĵʵ۹¼ҹˣڽУûƼԺĻΪ䵱ĿҪϹӣֻܿĳˡ

ޥףָķȥܿ쿴һůŴȶˣĶĸˡ
ޥǱߺ֡
͸ۿȥˡȻݸߣƷȸߣվǸĸˣϲͬŮһ
ЦǼů˵ʯ־ɫģ˲ȥЪһЪ
ޥŹȥˡ

һȥ͸Ϊˡ˶࣬ĵطˣվ;
ܲûҲվš
ȻһѾ߶һλȹϡѾǿĲ죬ֻҲ˼ϷԵѾȥʰȥˡ

ʧֵѾʰ˶ߣʱޥʹ˸ɫ
ޥ㳯ǿճλÿȥ
͸һãȥ£Աһǳĸ˵Źλˡ
ƷƸհοǸʪȹӵĿˣתͷһߵ˵仰˻תͷĸһ裬˳ֿȥ

ճλһλˣòִ̧͸Ҫ˵Ļ
ȥɣ˵ʮڵġʱʱҡ
˵Ҫ˵Եǲ̫Ҹ˵ġ͸ʮ֪ʶȤ㲻˵ˣֻ˵λǼҵľŹԺ½̽ǾŹү

Ʒƻ⣬æкλˡ
ۣЦλƺ
ҷջ˵˵ķ½̽𣿡
ƷЩɬҲЩǡ

ֻ˵ûж˵ƷƱû׷ʸࡣůﶼǱȽĸˣһЩǸģɷֻǾˣδˣԼҲûھ׷ʣöԷΡ
ʵ̸׷ʣ˼Ҳݵġ

Ϥˣľ˼ҡϤ벻ϤˣҵȴʫƻϿʼ⡣
䣬˶ܽϡ˺ºͣҲܿƷƾС
ϤЩ˵½̽νֵʱҲȥˡ̽ÿ˵Ҳǡӡ
Ʒֵǫ飺˹ˡ
ֻ۾ȫŮС

ޥƬ̣΢΢һЦҪúÿÿǿܿ˰ɣ
ֱ˵Ʒͷȥˡ
ءƷƵЦҲزסˣЦ̷ĵ˿˶ܸȾ֪Լ¶ˣҲЩ˼

ֻ£˸ң׽ࡣ
⣬ֲֻ÷ʣµõõĴ𰸡ֻ۾ޥֹ
ޥʧЦҷҲúܺÿҿϲˡ
ƷЦ˳˼ʮּ򵥣پʮֶٲȻһ֪

˵Ļȴˣʲôʱ򣬶Զȱˡ
˵½̽Ȼ˵½ҲһһĺÿĸҲǸءزǿء
ббЦڿࡣԭǸƷƴǰЩˣǼ޵úáԼķֻǾˣڿ

ڿƷƸĸԭƷ£ֻ룬Ʒ˵м
һˣȴֲʶҲǸ֮ŮͷͲģʶȴ˭

Ʒƴ󷽷صǴÿɺˡףͷԼǴģССͣһѾһáТĸǸŵġ

ƷֵСأٹɣȻ߶ʱ֪ô㡢֪ʶˡ
Ů룬ʮһ꿪ʼŮԳųˡѺȥǸŮǸТŮŮ죬ʫʵȵȵȵȡ
һУΪ˽޸˼ңѰù鴦

Ʒ󷽣ܻĸ£Ҳ˵ֻЦ
ͷ˵ʱޥĲա
ּ򵥵СδԷõ㽡
ͣ浥ﶼ
˭Ǵʱ߹ء

ƷƲˣޥ˵
˵ʳϵ£űעתˣŵޥ˵˵Ǽǹģᡣ
ޥ΢΢һЦģǼ㡣
ƷһЦæסѹޥѧʲãһƸ˾٣ȥҲμ˴ǣһơҿҲѡ

լŮӣƴȥģԼɷ
޲٣ֻڴլżϢɫ
ŮӣʵûԵĳ·ġ

ޥͷЦЦ̧ͷʵˣ䣬뼤£İˡʵҲǼꡣŮңҲɿ⼸ꡣúõضȹȥĸȻ֪ĺá
ȰɼǸˡ
ƷƱĿڽ㡱ģҲǵȴˡ½Ҳֳױ˼ҡ

ͥףԴǮ֮¡½ҸƷ½ҹñڹлá
£ȥ˿ۼŮ
ޥóƷһֱúõˡҪһֱúܺãû׼񣬾

ʣ½ﻹദ𣿡
ƷƸ˵ǸղŶ罻ģͷǸǳ֪ĺӡҼûв֪ˣʵֻҪҶء
ĸ׵ģƽͣŮģĴТȻܴúúõġ۾ЩЩƤ֪˶뿴࣬ƫԸ
桭ᰡ

Ʒھǳǳ󣬽ĿУܶˡ
ԲֻŸʶĻһˣ˽һٻǴѾ˱ˡ
λѾˡ

˿ϯּǻᣬϯһȺ׷̫һ
Ʒƶˣղůһ˵ӡˣҲˣ׷Ʒƣλ˭ҵİ
ƷҵŮ·㣬һλϷʡ
صϯϣɫΪ졣

˭ҵģǴʡ
ǡƷƵԺķˡ
һȻ˾

ϯ󣬱㿪ʼ˸ˡ
ޥѾˣԭҲǵġ֪δüϷ˸ǣ˽ӷˡ

̫ǶЦۡ
ޥ
ˣ






243.   243    ߹

243 

ϼҵĴ, ҲԼҷ˵ɷ򣬴ᡣ
һΪģǳʱ仹ġ
Ϊղ, 곤˵ǴʱڸΪʵ۱Чδɢֵء
ĶЩûнʿ, û˵ļӵܣšĸס, ĸһӻȥ
ЩУһӱ뺷ĺʿ, رˡ

Ϳ͵ģҵǸϱϱ
רһλҶϱޥ
˸ͷϺڵ֯۵Ļ
, խüĿ, Ӳʵģ˭õǸڹء
ȥǻ, üĿһˡ
òʵҲƥġֻ

ޥ, ̨϶Ů죬Եһ, ǰֻŮǹ
ޥҶϱɡҼǸˡ
ҶϱԼѾĸˣʮֵǸˡֻޥЦü, ֪ޥûһ˿ǿװķ޸ãºЦߡ
รи, ޥ̨ףŻȥˡ

̨ҵϱϱ̲סȥ
ֻ˲߽֣ȻȻذֵݹȥ΢ͷȥ˵ϴЦˡ
˶룬ʵһ֣ܽ˹ܼɵĻ㿪ġ

ʵϣǱߵĶԻ£
ģ˭Ҫ
ϲǻ𣿡
ѽͲˡؼ䰡
ȡ˶¯ˡ

һֱܺھﲢУþˡ㲻£¶ôҶҵķˡ
ޥðɡ

ſڵĿҲĥŲϳ͵۴Ϸء
ֻǻ䬺ȻЦˡ
죬˾Ц

ǻЦ֮󣬱зŸʲôӹһǼĶ
Ϊϣָϵ˴ӡ
ǣһƥͨѩ׵ǣסͷ
˽մĲҷ֮װȹȹΪŮġ

ղŻ˾ü侲Ůӣɱ㷭ֽý䡣
ִӷӹһ¯
Ȼ󡭡
ȻԺĻŮӰȹƽ
ϻȹѩ׵Ĵϣ˸˸仪Ŀ

ˣ̸ʶˣ

ƷƳŻؼȥ˵ûһĻ
ؼһǸԼɷ˽λˡ
ţû뵽ǻ䬵ķˡ˵ȿʼ˵ʮס
ɷʣʲôˣ

ѵ÷Щ¸ȤƷƺܿģͻ˵Ļ˵ˡ
˵öԣ[[ڼҲ⼸꣬ˡ
ϴε֮治˵ʲôˡƷƵ˵һƬģúô[[Ǹ˵ġ
ķʲôҲû˵΢΢һЦͷ

еҩ㡣
Կ鷿Ǳ߱һֱڼҩˣӵˣѪһֱڵء
ƷƱסҪպġ
ķǣұÿһкܶҪ

ƷҲʲô˵ģҲСܣֻĸԼ衣
ҿǻˣ;üʶ룬ףü۸[[Щء[[ĸһʱġȫһȷмġ

ǰҾˣװǻģһǸ˵ġ
ŻҲúÿǲǷʱˡ
һüФƵģ裬Ҹ˵[[ĸƻˣǸء

æȰɵӲȥ
ҵȻֲɵƷƵֻǾ
ᷢ꣬һŷһհɡʱȴˣأ
лҲ̾Ϣ׵һˣؾͼ޸˻¹أ
һ£㵱˭ĺø𣿡
Ʒ֪Цˡ

ԲԸھǵĽϣڵزζһء
ӿ˶ãȴ̲סˡ
Ĺ˲ñµġ
ÿϻȹӺͺڵƽۺÿҲúÿ

ʣ𣿡
ޥͷˡ
ʣôܷģ
ͦõġޥ˵ˣ˼ֵرᡣ
˵÷·ҺƵġ
һδʢꣻһŹδţĵʢš

ޥЦЦ
϶̹ǸܺõŮӡ[[ԺŮһ̤ʵܶࡣ½ԣܻӡ

Ȼ½δϣϡ
ֻŵʮޣҲʮޣ֮һңȻܽŮʮ͵µ˼ҡ
úܣɫ˵ɲǣ½Ծϸѡġ
ϸѡĸ֣治Ǽٻ

ʮµף½½½Ѻ½صຼϼҡ
½ܼҺӹ½˵ǰ
˵ȥľ͹ȥˡ½˵Ժô졣

½ܼ½̫үͯ½̫үһ飬ûмʶ֪ˡ
ֻ֪ʱѾ̫ˣ½ѾѺšٷˡѻຼˡ
ǼҵĹأ˵Ļֵҡȥֵġ
½˵ͷվߣһȥ峤

½峤Ǿ½ɵĸס
峤½˽ֻ࣬ú붼
׶ϱˣ
Ҫ˰½ϲɣ

ͼöԣ峤뷢ţŭɶ½ҾĲФ岻ң岻ң
½˵Ұɽ
峤ǵطãĶ飬Ūʲôʥ֮
½˵貮Э
סˡ̫ࡣ峤ģҸˣ½ҿסˣһɽ

½ѵʱϡ
Ϊһ·ҩţǰ˯ѵظ˵ຼġŪϢȫңӻʱֲѵĸо
㵽ڣһġ
ɽأÿֻͷˮ͵ҹ˲׼룬ʶˡǼˡ㲻ͬ˵һ仰Ĭߡ
ġ

һ죬̧ۿ½ˮˡ
½һѽҹȥ
½˶ˮˡ
үŭ岻áˮϣֵ游͸µĲ飬ү䰮Щ

½õ񸾣㣡
½΢ЦΪĸ̹Ϊ͹գҡ
½ˡĶ棬һ飬Ǻúһɡʵ̫Ҫʥ󡣡
ĵ㣬һӵ¡
Һ㣬һһӵɡ

һ
ޥ½յ˽Ҷš
羰飬˼ʶҲ󣬶˵ˣûͭ塣
С˵г̵¡

ݸ㷭һǵҲóһǡȫ㲻˾´ͷĿ
ǷţͷĿ˼ɸӽ͵һվ
ҶܾˣҲ֪Ƕµģޥ
˿̰һ㣬Ҳ̫̰

Ľǣ˾´ķͷĿ˸ˡ˾´ĳӵĵܵܣղûƣֻż˾´Χ£ʽķӡ
ŽҶһվȥҶҲ׬졣

ͷĿ˱𴦣Ҳ졣ûкʵˣҲ԰ŵù̶ӻУŽӶУȵ·ȫ
õģҶСѧˣ
кܶ²᲻֪һ·ߣһ·ѧ

ֻ˵ʱеֲ˵ˡͷʹյ˵
ɵӡСǸǽͣҲͲͨġ

˱Ժ֪̫꣬ˣֵı׼˲һ
ʵСԼҲˣֻǳ̶ȲͬС֪Լ˲ͬ֪ͬڲأΣԻˡ
ˮ

ҶСȫıϣһ·ϣĿеĲҹ֮Ƕȥ
ǲֱӱȪݶȥ뿪ݸ󣬾ݡصرܿݣȥ˽ꡣ
ʶػӵķ۵ݡݣͣϹ꣬ø·ںһֱ̻ųϡ

ĵӡ
ҶС߹ĵطʶľɫ෽ԣԵδԹʳڣȪݡ

ڸдŸޥǽصļԺ˾´ǷǼԺԺָ˺ͼʹģ˾´ҵ
ΪĹϵޥյŵʱѾǴµˡ۳쵽ˡ

ޥС˼ۡ
Сӻڳɳʱ򣬾͸Ẓ̇һֱϰߴҷ·
·жǳ㣬ҲÿС꣬ճҲЩʽӶ࣬ҲЩԲۣô׸

֣Сһֱøԯޡ
ޥһÿСΪѵͬ˼ޥŴˡ
ôˣϵۣ˿аһѬ䰲ӿƲ۾

ʱ򣬽ҶִȪ֮дŵˡ
ޥһһֵ濴
ҶȪݵķ̫಻ʶƷ۾ͷһڴϣ޴Ĵͣڸۿڣ·ںӿʹ̫ˣ𺳡

ֵˡҶ˵ұˣҲһ⡣
ҿ˴ʲôӡ
ҿʲôӡ

ޥֽϡ
ۣ³һ
͸һţ·ŽҶСӵĽӡҲ߹硣
ǣҲ˳

ޥ
ۣˣĪؿôˣ
ιʴЦȴˮ⡣

ޥˣֽۡ
ĽҶǣ޹޾ȴ
ǲܰνžߵġ
ѾӦˣҪһӣͬ
˵Ļ






244.   244    

244 

ǽҶޥ, ڵȪˡ
ȥ۾ʣǲͦõô۾أ
ޥЦˣ˵Ϊء

, ѵĪڽҶпҽ룬, Ϊ鰮ϳ꣬ʳ, ´ȴҲΪһڷƴ
ҶǺߡȻˣȴȻÿЦɹ̫ÿȥʱ, Цÿļˡ
ˣܹԸó, ȥԼȥĵطԼ뿴ķ羰ʵΪˡ

ĸ, ҿ㳣, Һأ
ޱ鷢𵽶󣺡ô˵
ޥڼʱۣıңߵ޷졣Ҽ޵½, ĸһֱýʳ䷢Щ, ȴûʧߣ, ܰӹˣûټҶġ

ʱԸлҶޥ۾ʣޥ, ǲҲҶɽ󴨣У
ȻôܲءҶɡޥֻӰ˵߾ߣŮȴֻڼغ򡣡
ǵģ֪ӣõġŮȴֻ֪һҶСӣûˡҲΪ⡣ͨŮӣǮУҲ̫ƽˡ

䣬δŮӾͲܶԳԶСνԡָûг졣Ѿ͸С֮࣬СǴʮѾߣҲǡԡ
ѻ鸾˱ˡȢһΪڽӴΪТ˳ĸӱΪٶҪϼϥ¾ТءйжŮɷӻ䣬˵߾ߣûĸҲܸš
֮ǣŮӣͲš

ЦǣĹƫֹܲסͷ
ϲĻʼҹŮءˣΪҵˣɡ
²ĵײ㸾ŮƶءΪһͣòͷ¶棬һӴ߽ؽ
ֻмŮӣҹ㣬Сұ񣬶ؿġ

۳סӣ˲գŵЩ꣬ҲȥȪݡ
ޥЦģ
ġҸܴĴ

ޥбؿȻǲ̫ŵġ
˵촬¿ɲУ˵뾩һ¡
вżԺŹǷ;Ӫʵ۰ǵİΣи
ûش¼ײ
һҶҪսսΪζţд¡

ޥ֪ţһγǽݵ̰ӰʱлȷΪףݳһ˸ɲݵƤȻףʹ߶ˣĶ˶ѡڵʱҲɱѪɺӡ
һγΪҵգ£ʵ۲ŷԭΪջϵλ֪ȥ֮Ǵɱ䣬ϸضȾˡ
ţѣһǴ󶯾Ķ

ͷȥˣȪݣһܿõġһء
ޥɲؿһָסĴҲ˵
ޥͣá


䲻ʣҲᣬŵޥб㽡
ǰδ·û˵ޥµһЩ
ֻŻҪһЩꡣʢ꣬죬ʵ֮֮ΣЩҲ˵¾ܷµġ

Եӻ˵߾ߣѹֹ࣬ǱǣֱơжصСܳı㳶һƤ⣬ѪҪ

ûϵֻҪ㽣±չһ죬ůƤڿв֪ȹˡ
ǣҵģͷЩ£㽥װֻǰˡ
Ҫһģޥÿˡ

Щ飬һ۾ޣЩڳĺĺ
һãʵ޿ɱȽϡ

ۿſҪޥѾڳıޥˡ
䰲ڵ˵ӡϥ޵Ҳ˺üˡоλеģ޵Ǹ¡С߸˵ȥμӵӵ¾ȥˡ

һ죬ޥյ˽Ҷš
ǷһõطҶԭΪĶõĵطʵǡˣҲͲ
ҶСǰϲ֣һ·˼̻ȴں塣

һԾġ˵ҸʱšŮӾſȣ¶Žš¶СȡҪھǣȪݣҲҪİɡ
Ȫݵ˵Ѿǻ֮أ֮񡣿Ǿúڣû˻ᶯ˵ĻеЦˡȻҲ̫ͨĺڡ
ˮһɫɳϸ壬ȥĽӡһûˡ
ɹŽźϣҲһ

ޥ¶΢Ц
ģҲȥһģͻһ
˵д󴬡Ե˵ܺѣ˵Ӧܰõ¡

ֱ߻һδţǸСġ
ҲǴδζиСšûеʱСͺ
Уʮа˾ţǽҶûǮˡ

һ·棬ڳԺʮֲڼ󡣵һأʲôóԳʲôûȪݵʱ򣬾ͰǮˡ
涼ǴӼԺ˾´֧ȡӣֺǺǼǰС
Сÿţúߺ
ڼûϵֻҪΪ˼ǮſϾС

ޥѾߵȥû
Ѿȥ˻˵ǻˣʹҲء
ޥպԼţСţȥȥҲ֪Сﶼ˵ʲô

С˳п䰲ӵ£ֲ׵ģǰŮˣ˶ӡ
Сˣ䰲ѫ֮ҵӵദҪȸĹദˡ˳䰲Ҳ죬̤ʵˣҲףҲסԺҲöˡ

˭ˣСըë¹˭
ҲǲΪҳܰˡ֪ˣ/ȭͷӲȴġһޣͷա˵ҪͶ˰ɡֲϡ

СȥȥµģȻɵҲж˵ġֻˣȥϲˡ
̾һᵽϣȣѹֱۣˣ˵ӣҲ̤ʵˡ䰲Ҳüбۺߺˡ

ԽԽģˣԺ̤ʵӰɡ
ʣֶϱʲôʱ
˳ˣװɡ
СҲҪүүˡ
м̣˳ο̾ҲԵҵˡ

СӾԽԽõġ뵱ٿڡ
ɲǡ˳ͬˣɩɩʱٿɩɩڡ
СɵˣνţǲҵĹ
Ҫˣӱ޸ϵ⣬½Թͷɩɩɥյͣ˵ǲǣ

˳ȴû
ﾲе֡
Сͷȥȴ˳⣬ûҲ֪ڿʲô
Сòԣ㿴ޥ
ޥţ

ŮڼӣʵЬ·һûС
Сˡ

ޥȥЦЦȥŸ齼ϣҶš
Сɡ۵ˣ֪˵ЩʲôҲˡ
û貹ģǴʵ

ޥʣ³Է𣿡
˳޲ھͰءȻ˵Ͳڳ
ڰ˵ˡҳԷء
ޥͷ˵ɡ
תȥˡ

һߣ˳ҲҪܡ
Сһ׽סˣ
ȥȥȥϽſ˳ȫʲôֵˣҾȲ㣡ԾȰɣ
ǰСˡ
Сƿڴ

ӹ㿴Сü˳۵ڴŴ

죬е첻֪᲻ꡣ
ٿСǹģе㲻̫õԤС





245.   245    

245 

ޥص, Ů£꣬Ůȥˡ
ֻһˡ
¯̾
, ֳ

ã¯㶼ȼˣȻվ, ߽С
ٳѾ, ȥӺȹҷ
Щ·, ȷ¡ֽȥ˿Ƥ̿

ŲҴϷʱ, ÿЩ
ȡһʰ·, ôѾͷ
ޥˡ
ʣ֪˰ɣ

ôҲװ֪ڨڨǺþ֮ǰˡ
ޥʱѽһת۾ˡ
ޥ, ҲѾˡ
ǡȥϷˡܲ, ţˣ

ޥһۡ
ҪȻһ٣
ޥô˵Ҳͱһˣ
֪᲻á

ޥɫ, ʣ滹
µʵ
֪Ҳ˵ˡޥ뿪½, Ͳٻȥˡ㲻ǣ´ʵ˰ˡ
һ

ֻƾʲôͲˣޥʡ
ܣܡ׽ס, ֻԼ
ϣ£ʣʱǲر

ʵҲûСޥô˵أʱ룬°ôһ㶼ء
ǣ㿴Ҿˡ㲻֪𣿡
ѽޥĶ䡣
һתۣſЩ·滹һƤ

Ҫʲôʡ
ޥߣɢɢġ
ڨڨȥһ𡣡
ޥҪԶš
òжԶ

ޥȥҶ
ͷƤ飬ôһӾȥôԶءҪȻҸĵطɢɢİɣɽģ̨ɽûȥ¹ɲֵһġ
ޥҾȥҶ
̫Զˣ·ϻࡣ
ޥҲһ·ȥˡ

ޥ˵߹Щʲôʲôȥȥԭڲҵģ
һֱŬǣֻšûԶţ֪
ޥСʱܹɳˣ֪·ôġֻ˵ɣòȥ

õġֻǲ˵ˣȪҪһȥģ
˰ˡޥͷסͷˣˡ
ظ˻һͷ鳣޵ҲҪȫµʱ򣬺ݺݸһӡѾǵһˣ

⻰ᣬǻ޲û¡
һ˵ã
һĻᣬٻȥޥ˺ޥˡ
ӵģֻҪʱ䣬㹻ģὥ
ȫˡ

ȥͷ̾ʲôʱ
ޥڡ
˵ţĿվʰ


죬ҪꡣӣϣҪȻٳɡ
ͽ졣ޥڣ˵߾ߡϵ죬ҿ̧ܾˡ
ȥҶٿȪʲôӣͻ


㰦̾ʲôޥʡ
գĸ¡
ĸôУޥֲܴҴææϵطѵóţܵùɣ²ˡ
Ҿͷˡ°ɡ
ޥ룬ɽá

ʰЩҪѰϵãȻһ˶٣ֽȥ䡣
Žȥˣӳ룺ʲôأ
ޥиҼǵøѾͷ˵ҪպãŶҵˡ
һ

һ۵ޥ
ޥеζӡ
ָȥۿ齼Сȡ˼ˡ


ޥָɣӼвһƬӲӵĶһƬҶӡ
ʲô
ޥͣǣ½ҹʱ׼ġԤв˳õġҸղŲġ
˼ƬҶӳͣͳһ۵üСֽ̿һŸµĿհ·


ޥ̾˿
ЦЦʲô֪ɵ
ôᡣɫͦأ·׼ˡ

ֻûʲôá·һȥ뻳˸ŵޥǰˡ
ޥⲻ𣿡
ϡʲôС

ӱȸҶǿöˣ
ޥ˿ӣƳۻ֣г𣿡
־ûͣ·ְѼƬҶһһ
ûֻǼֲȱӣҵʲô˵ţǽӵ齽ǡ

ޥҾǺȻˡ
ĵһֱء
ޥ˵յöԲأ


תעöЩˣҽسǡ
سǡޥسǺú°ɣΪҵǰ̡
²ھǡ
ҲˡޥҾȥɢɢģǰӵظʲôҾԼһˣҶȥٻء

գգۡ
ޥЩꡭ
û˵ȥ˶٣ʮ£ҶС£ھͲˣ
Цá

ȥȡֻϻӳ򿪣ȫǴС㡣
ޥòֲ࣬լֻüСľͿԣ̫ˡ
·ˣȥ˾´֧ˡ
ֻѾȥ˷֧ЩӡҪġŵĵҩһ
ޥҩ
ԺԼĶŵĵҩ䣬ĶˣҶЧʮַ㡣

һѣޥҲбıĶȥ˾ٳ˺һֽ

ûסЦ

ޥЦͷѵûûֽʱ𣿡
ȻС
ޥ棺ôģ
סЦҶҶʪһƬС֦СΣʱĲ޳ΣҶɾðƤЩҲֱãܹˡ
ԭ
ֽⶫ˵˺üˣ޳ﶼǺܹŵĹˣûˡ
ޥܽˡ

ӵҩܿ춼ˣʰˡ
ĸ硣ޥˡ
ǡ
ޥǾͿ㣬ĥߴ
̫ˣĥߴޥ֧߳ȥҪɢˡ
ʱҪ̧ˡ

СޥһҪŵӣ˶ҪˣɩɩȻǵʱЩһƬģˣô죿
ֱӸһӣѻ졣
ɩɩɢɢġɢľͻ

СһʣȥİҪ𣿡
ޥȥҶ
С
Сۡ
㲻˵ˡޥֱӽסĸղѾ˵һѡ

СۻסǾסˡ
˭ȥس𣿶Щˡ
سǻֱСͿ˳ͳ
ޥ˭Լȥ
С졣
ޥѵһ罶Ҷˣ

Сޥǣ͵˳ͤޥٲǰˡ
Ǹ÷ǹڰϣˣҪ飬һ
ޥ˵á
Ǯ˾ȥҵ˾´
ޥ˵ġ
£ֱݣԥ
ޥˡ

ޥɢ֮ǰ
һɢˣ̫ȻֳˣһƬ
ޥ˿Զ

Ժʵûʧ
ֻ½߰꣬δСʱԼ߳ȥز
ڣˣأ

ޥסԭת˸Ȧ۾Ǹˡ
ϵĽ˸
۾Ц

ޥЦˡ
ĸ硣úڼҵҡ
谡

ذףʱ̫õĻû֤
ޥŻңͲˡðɣҾ
ȥɡ
ޥתһȦԻһЦһǣڳŽҶȥˡ

С
ֶޥʧӰתͷʣôˣ
С̾һûʲô˵곤ɳ
תͷȥ

Сֵɩɩʱ򣬸˽ԺԺҪǶףһΪۼ˭Χأġ
ʱߡˣˡ
Сھߡ
أ΢ЦԶҲ






246.   246    ձ

246 

ʵһü, ڽͽ϶ǡ
ޥ꼾ѹ, ȥ涨ȥһ·̫ɽķ⡣

ɽ, һɵȻûе, СļﶼԱġǿŮ·вǰĵ
ޥˡǹĲ׶ûժ, һ÷ǹֻʹˡ
˵ı㲻ˣûܳɵ, ˨󣬵سȥҵſ, ӣ˶Ǳ㲻ˡ

˳¸д˷űƽ
, ˹޹ҪأãȻ޴롣
̫ɽ, δ룬ѼĿԴ䡢ɽ, վң֮ܺ
һ, /ǹ֣δ塣ˡܻһʼѧҲп֮, Ȼ
Ȫݣ˼ƽ 

ޥʣ¶һĨ΢Ц
˳¸˾´պŸɵǣ㿴š
˼ĸ֣ҲһĨЦ
ֻ̾һ䣺ߵô

ޥߵ·ߺͽҶСӲȫһ˳¸ԥϸȥˡ
˼ϸֹǰǴ˼ϸԺˣȥݰ
Ӵǧ°ءٻɣ˶á
ֻ°أйԸ
°صúþУټ

˶ʵΪˣмĹʵѿ粻ˡ
½ˣˣԭΪֳѼټ
е棬·Լߡǰˣɢ˻Զˣԭǳ̬
ޥֻ΢΢ЦЦ׵ˡ

ҡޥͣ뿪ˡ
ޥƿջý־
¥нձģʳ¯ĸ¯ձˡޥСȥڵġ
ڴ߳ԾΥĸ¯ձԱˣȺģͺˡ

ޥǰձõ˾´ȥȥ죬׻
˾´Ŀɿڴ
ƽʱˣӵĴʳѡ
ֻ˷ˣҲҲ񡣵ȻⶫǴģֻ˿˹ȥˡ

˰ӼĿӵٶҲˣձ㵽ˡǵʱسǵıΪԺҪʲô󰸣һ亹
С˵ޥ˶æظϹˣ
⣿һձҧһڡ
Ӳ
С

ҪȹٳԡʧЦ
С¯ÿĳձڻתſгСˡѬ⣬к
ôһŪڸζöˡ
СǡޡԹʳ
ԱԡͲǸġ
Ե㡣

ԵձʱѾ뿪˼ϸޥȴֻص˼ϸ
뿪˼ϸѾŹسǡһسǵĿջȴˡ
泳µģ˰ż顣ܿĵޥסһ䡣
ޥţõۣ۴Żѣû뵽һǸƽδˣһʱôˡ
ޥʡʲô¡۲ѹ󣬵Ҳҷֻ˳˵

ޥûˣһˡ
ʣڲʲôˣӷ𣿡
۵ǣǸŮˡп
ޥʣŮǷ𣿡
һ۴󲽹ˣɿûУ

ޥڻпۣڣЩ࣬ŲǸġҡͷûС
Ǵ³۴ɫŮӣСس̫Ѽˡ˳˵
ޥֻ˵һ˸·ġ

ʱ۹ۣ˵һˣ񶼲̫ԣ
³鶼˼֣ȵһŮ˼ضԳţ·أó
ޥͻȻû·ֻͳһӡ

ںڵһӣ֣̫
Ǵ³۾ŻѴչȥ壬ɫ䣬̬ҲǴ䣬ȥˣˣˡˡ

Աߵûӣ֪ͬΪκȻ̬ȴ䣬һŮ˿ڳơˡ
ޥ
۵ǣ
æͬ뿪
¥£ͬǾĪ׷ʣղʲôˣ
ĨһѺ붼벻Ժˣ

ﲻǸسǶѣû˾´Ժ͸ˡ
ǸԺʮǰͱˣ˵ղŮˣһŮ˶ԡִйǲǸ˵Ǹ
⣿ԺĴôСطˣ㿴ңҿ㣬ǣ֪شİɣ
ߣֻ·

ޥţ͵ƣ͵ƽңӵĽȥ
谵ĽһŮ촽۾ĺڡ
ˡޥԳˡ

Ů߳˸ͷлߣ۶
̧ʮģ࣬һǰ
ޥղǸ³ۣüͷΪ˴㣬ܳ𣿡
˴£˭Ҳܲˣֻпֵܳ˭ȭͷӲ

Ůᶨ򴽵ˣ
ޥĿ˵ǿǿռ֮£˰
ŮӴղޥſڽЩ˹Ǿ͹ˡ֪ޥʲôݱƬ̣ڵǱˡ

Ҹĸţˣھ˾˼ңҡұʲƣԶ˸ĸҲסһ
ޥѾ⣺ˣμ޸ۣ˾˽
һʲƵŮӣһۼҲõģޥֻܲǾ˾¶¡

ҧҧǾ˸Ǳ
ҡ游׶飬ͨɣʮ˶δޡҳд״ֽÌ𡣡

ޥȣǸŮ״ʦ
ΪǸլŮӣϾǸŮ״ʦ
״ʦģôҲǸŵˮƽЩǾˡҪרɷ˴˾
ޥѧʵˣŮˣѵãʱȻ𾴡

ǣд˵һ䣬ص״ʦΪףܱӮҡ
һ綹΢ĻϡУš
ųϵ࣬Ŀ
ޥ۾Ѿŭ֪±飬ңô¡
̧۾Ŀﶼ衣

ڱ˲֪ʮ˶ޣԼһݲҵ˴˾׬ȡǮĹ˾ӮҪ˾ϲ
ֻʮܽʦүƾһ֮Ťת˾Ľ

һգϿӣ֪غȻľһģȵ߾ΪŮӣʮޣ˷ףףϣգҪһ磡úޣձ
ѽͺ̰ã

ˣǸղޥǸ³ۡʮ꣬ɥޣǸ
֪һ£һӵϣѺ˺У̰ãԲ˷
Ӵˣ֮˹ˣٲܡͷ¶桢˷סˡ






247.   247    

247 

ޥֻĳըˡ
ʵ֪Լŭĵ㵽, ֻǾ£ȵǿռǿᣬŭ
ǿռǿ֮, ף޷Ǿ
һЩ벻ȴޱȷŭĶ档

÷, ʣʲôʱ£
ˣһֱڷ, ղҵӳ
Ź, ˳ӱŹ˵ȭͷһȭͷǰ, ʲôŶûá

ޥȭ
ղű֪Щ£ղǹ, Ѿ̲סǹˡ
ʣô죿

ޥȻ֪, ƾﴧһƣͿԼ򵥵ؽ¡ķʽޣƺڱ, ޷ʵʡ
һѧʣͷԡŮ, ô״ʦޥ۾Ѿ⡣

Ȼ, Ŀ͸һӾǿҪȥϸ״
ޥ٣Ҫô壬Ҫôɱ, ܵס
Ȼ٣ܿҲҸ

׮£һ޸ĸ֮ý֮ԣ걸ǱͼĿ⾼ɣΪЧŮҡ
ޥĻһ̤ʵС֮ûȨǿѹͺɣĽʽʵ֮Уûָڱ治ʵʵ޸С
ޥֻ˼һϢȥϸ

ȴԥˡ
ǽҲңտ»̲顣˽վңûֻҲŮӡ
ޥ㲻õġ
Ҳ˵ţаա

㲻ƴǣֻʣʶգ
ޥҷջ
ȴʣԼأ
ޥ˶٣¡
ԭ·ˡ£һݡ

ڶգޥС
ս˼ɫҷ䲻ۣҲ˽ߡԼǹֽǹͷĲȡ¡
ÿ᣿һۣǴѩף÷ǹǹ˸Ǿȡ
ãԼһΣ˹ˡ

һһسſڣվŵıԱ߶ųǵˡ
ޥҡ
ǰ̧ͷһ۾ϳòСطʵѿ
Ůӽ֮װѰǿ/ƥһƥҪǮ²һôլӣϹһ˱ǹǹ⻹˸űĹ

˼һμ䣬ޥѾкüģ֪˭
ҲδֱͣӺȵ£
һ۾ͿҲС뵽ŭһȱơ
ǶˣűһҲ˺ó·ΧҲ׷ױá
ޥȥˡֻһ̳Ǻó˿ԡ

ɣҾ˵·ġۻָ̳
죬㿴ǹ㿴𣿡
㿴·ûУһŮ˴ҷ֯Žߣ
СطˣżЩһܴܾáеôˡ

·ϣޥ˾Ҫ׼Щʲô
׼ʲô״ֽԼͿдֻǸý״ӣôҾ˾ˡ
˵ֳ֮꣬ɫʾйǡ
ޥʣˣʲô⣿
˵ֻ£һǹٹ໤̨֪ͬΪ״ӡҾ˾˻ӡ

㲻Ҫġޥ
̧
ʲô¶ûУֻҼǸЩȨƣҷֻûʲôõϡޥ£ʱãʱأ
룬λ˵ʲôأǷȨƣ˼ңַһŮӶ⣿
Ҳһ

յ׺ܿͽҿˡ
мֻԸͣЪǵձϵ˼ϸ
˼ϸޥֱȥ˼Ժļϸ˾´
Ժﵹһ

ԭˣ롣
ԺܵĹϵͳ֮⣬ֻڻʵۣͷĿǸˡ˺£ԭ˺²һģֲ·˿УͨŮӡ

˾´˾ޥȥҲǳһˣǳʲô£
ޥھȥأҴ
˺˾˵ݣֵգø״ȥ
Ժ̨ҲҲ״ӣ

գȥ״
̨һ״ӾͲӣ֪Ĳ
ûйԱʦġֻʦǶйˣҲܼμӿƾ٣˵ͳͬš˹ԱʦͿġ
ֻһŮʦʵս̵ĵˡ

̨ǰ˵ֻǰҲȥ
浽ǰˣĽ״ӴȥʦүҴҽԺˣ
õǿˡ
ףǰһλ
̨ôҾϡ
˾Ѿȥˣܵ
̨΢

Ӹݻص˾´˾ޥ£ؼ˾ˡ˾ˣ㷭ˡ
︸ĸţھ˾ֻҪ˾ˣǸĸ֮񶼿Ժ󲹡λܺϷ

ﱻǿѹ޸ˣ˾δܹޥΪضԾ˾ӡͺܶӡ
磬Ժ˽;˾˶˼ϸȼ˾˾ˡ
׵ŮҲ֪˾˵ģŲʣĸףʡ

˾˱Ժŵòᣬ⻰ȴˡ
ҶԵˣ
ĸȥҲȾָʲƣȫױߡ
ҲкúչΪѡżҡ

ֻأƫϼޡ˾ֺޣҲͰˣڼԺҺֵշҲǲСƫҪͷ¶棬Ƕ֮¡
ۣ޲ȥ󶼼޵Զһ治סҼǸΪ޵ĿʹŮǼ޵Զ£ҳף˵Ҹòúޣ

ǶŮ˾˵ֵܡãǾ˾˼ҵıֵܺͱǡ
̫󣬰Ǵ˾ȻϲΪӮʸߡ˵֮£һãҶ˱ˡ
ǲò޵Զĵطľĸ˼Ǹ𱨵İǡ˼˺ǲ״̬

֪ʱľѳۡ˾ˣһ죿䲻ԼԸģǿͷ¶棬ۡ
ԹٶѶϼ¡
ޥҲĬˡԶ֮ףʵǺ
СسǵˣеĿһӶû뿪سǡŮ޵صĸأ˵Ѿˡ

˾˹£ͷҲ˾Ϊҳͷֻ˾˵ʵգ˾˲֪飬Ҳڳδֻ֤˾ô߸̨
дࡣ
˾ǰҲſΧ۵Ⱥ￴Ů˾
ϲöԷʦƿԡ¿ɺޣ˾Ҳãģȷһڲͬķɡ
ٿϵˡ˾޵ǹ㲻ˣ
ڻǴӦˡ

ȥ˸á
ۺ˵˾ֻʲô֪ûý¹Ƹġ
Ժ˾ﻢ񣬸̨λýƸδŮҳ飬ֱͼΪЧŮҡ

ƺҲԲһ£ˡ
ѸҲйɷһзңģ㲻ҺΡ
˼Ժ˾
˾㣬ڶ͸һҪġЧʼߣȥ̸ˣޥ̸ˣҼޡ

Ǹӵƶ֮ңǶǸ첡֪ܻꡣһΪĲͽıڡ
Ҹ˵Ƕˣ׬ӣܸϡ
ɷˣźҶȨŮټޣģԷ̸ҪѻݺһΪĻ㡣
ԷԼͷ¶档
˫̸ˡ

ҪȻϺӣ񡣡
ԷҲ¶һܻһԼټޣòˮһա˩ס
ҴӦˡ˾Ҳͬˡ
ˣҵ£ˡ˵Ĵ£û
ĪΪٵ飬ǰаɡ

Ժ˾Ȱޥܺõġ
ޥҲǲֻ֪ġ
дţдһдȥˣֽӵ¨

ٴ뿪ϸʱ
ޥǸôˣҲûʲôѧʡкܶ벻ͨ£ܾö࣬ѧʵסǸѧʵˣ֪Ƿס
ףҲá

ûˣʲô¶ˡѧٺãٴͲ㡣
иˣǸ첡ֻҪ⣬
ˡ˵ˣȨƣԼ¡

ˡޥ
û˵ҡҡͷ뿪ˡ
ͬԵ˱ȣϵ¾޽ˡ

ĸ硭
ȻоٵСȻ޴






248.   248    

248 

ޥ뿪˼ϸ, ݸ⣬Ұ˸ӡ
·⣬ͷ, żܿͯʬ塣
Сʵںزۣ˼ҶǵȺ֮Ÿ֮ǰȻ, ֮ڵĺزߵġ

˵һˡͨͻˡͯͬڳ, ˵һʶúҩ, ͯҩҲܹȥģǮƶ֮˵, 㲻ֵ
ֲ뺢ڼŻ, ӵ档

ޥ·ʬˣҲȡ, СʱھͼöˡԽƶĵطԽ
ֻĺӻûޥͰ⺢ӱˡ

Ȱλ, ˰ɡǻˡ
ޥ뿪ϸһֱûôС, ֪Ŀܲ󣬵ǲ
Կأ˵ء

⺢ӽݸ, ˸С
пһۣˣ˷Ǯˡ
ޥһ¡˼ҷͯ, ܴԭΪǮһˣ㣬һȽʡǮ
ΣǮ

⺢ϴǴֲѣޥȴ˿
һף⺢Ӽİɣ
ޥͷڳ⡣
пޥȷǲȱǮˣȻˣͷΰɡҩҩõĻһÿӳſӵͣһȥ

պ⺢ӻˡ
ޥҲŻˡ
ֵ죬۳⺢ϵָˣޥ⺢ӱ˵ص˾´˾´˰æѰĵ

ʸдš
ڽµʱľѾƽҲԼڷŭʲô
ֵ𾴵ѧʶһ㡣
ΪŮӣӵЩ
ΪֻΪޱΪӵѧʶ˲ˡ
Ľĸ硣ţĽˣĽĸסңĸ˵ʲô

ʺĳ£Ͼѧˣмءˣһƽ֮ͨˡ̫̫ѧʶܶ벻ͨĸңҲʲô
룬Ҳûмĸ硣Ҫһ˵ס⣬Ҷһƶ֮ˣֻΪźÿ֡˵ʱҲ£ȴǡΪơĸְˡ

д񵽵Ǹӡ
ȼֹ󡣿ȥҲǿ
Ǻ۵ʱͻȻҪˡ
ĸ磬һȥǱɡҽǹǻҵ
ĸ磬·Զ࣬˼
ҵȪݣ˽Ҷͻȥ

ޥϸ˵ҶСӵ¡
˾´˸˵ˡֵֹġ
ޥЦЦûн͡
ÿ˵ģľ֪Ĺڡ

ޥһ·ϡ
ڱѾԽԽ䣬ޥߵģʵ仯еߡ
ʮһµʱ򣬾ѾǺ
ڹ½
½ʣǲˣ
ָգǹͬƺΪľޥ

֪ޥǻˣ½ܲעһûֵʱ½ˡ
µʱ̲ס˻
ȴõúܣĪ
½졣ϲ½Բģ졣
ȥȪˡ

ԸԳ͵½ĳԾ
򾩳ǵȪݣʵңԶڳԶˡ
½̲סʣȥʲô
΢Цȥ档

½һ˲֪˵ʲô
ޥ޸ͼ޸ʵ̫಻һĵط
ֻҪǲؾͺá㡰ŶһǾͺá⡣
ȴ㲻ΪʲôҪȥȪݣ
½Ѿ֪¾УԵ£Ҳ֪Ҳ˵

Ҫ˵ġ
ȥȪݿѣԼһȥģǹƥûκˡ
½Ѿ̧ҪˣȻЩˡ
ǷˣҧһŮӶԶУ

֣һˣҲһȺ˰ȫѵ֪ǻṦģ
Ȼ֪½ŭ⣬վֻǸŮӡ
ȴû˵ֻ
Ƭ̣ʣ½ԣʵ֪ޥĹ򵽵ôǲǣ

½֪ޥĹӦǲġ
ǰԺѾͷ˵壬ֻһӰʵܿģǹеĹ켣ǿԿеģʱᾪ޵
ֻУǻߵĸܡޥĹֻ֪ӦǲģôֻԺѧ״ǳȭŵ½վǲġ

˵
ɣĹܺã
ˣ½Ĳ֪Ͼˡ
Ժ˴ߣ߸°ܽ

Ժ˴ߣСͿ˳ͬǵļ𣬲Ե٣ִвϵģ˵ҪǼߵġ

½û˵
ʹã΢΢һЦ߿ˡ
ޥһ·ϸдšԽԶŴʱԽáõȪˡ
һ˵·Զ࣬˼΢΢

Ҫˣţǵһȥأھãһϲ
ˣҪĻкŮ
Щкӳ֮󣬱ֻ½[һá
һ˵ġ

ޥʱڵȪݡ
˽ꡢݺݵķȪֲһ罶Ҷ˵òһĺë۵ˣҲڵڽϣԣûĺĿ

ޥֱȥȪ˾´
ȪǷ󸮣˾´ĹģҲЩ˾һǰյ˾Ժţ֪Ҫޥˡ
ǲȪݸ˾ޥ¿ʹţԭúȪݳﰲǵġ˭֪ǵϹܣҰ񣬷ҪȥҰ

ޥ죺Ұ񣿡
ǡڵϡ˾Щط˰ȥЩҲûлѾǻ֮񣬲ǴˡﲻͬҲû֣ԳҰ񡣡

ޥǡ
֪̫ŽҶ
˵ġõĵطԭĵط
۹⣬Ǻͳ˲̫һġСҲͱһѡ

ҶĵҪ˾Ľ飬ޥȪݳ˼ա
˽Ҷ˵ľ޴Ĵ
½ĴࡣޥǰҲҲһûȪݸۿڵĴôôࡣ
ȪݹǸҹ֮ǣҹȻƻͨۿڴബҲ˵ԶԶȥҴŹ⡣

ޥιҹеķЩô¡
ЩΣ֧֧صЩֵĵط
ޥȻ
ʵڽݶ໨ֻҪСöࡣû뵽ô޴ĺȻҲǻ

ޥȪݸǹ˺üգ˾СȥҶ
еӻ⼦ȵȡ
ԭȻǮġ˵ǷҪȥ˵ǮõϣЩСÿ͹ȥԼѧŴ֯
ޥʣǱͶ𣿡
ǣ͡ǷЦҸ졣ˣҰһͦڡ

ҶĺԶȻһղŵ
ϵĴ󣬲ޥ½һͷĵԶԶȥνһƬںе½ءɽ֡
ֲ÷ϻԭ⵺

ǲɫϼϦĹǽɫġɫɳ̲ӳýƵġ
ֲڵϵķӾǴʯɵģŰɫߣԭʼ½Ȼͬ
̲ɢɢЩֻӰӰ´µҲӰӳʯͷĴ̡
ǸҶķӺȻվ£סǱߺι

̲ϵ˳еܵɳ̲ϡ
ι
ҲؽУЦŻ֡
ˣ
ˣ
ǿĵòˡ

ޥվǡ
ĺ紵ϡ
ˣȪݣҶ

һ̣Ըˣޥ˼
ִ֣һʯͷȡ
л潶ҶСӣҲԼ






249.   249    

249 

дׯ, Ҳޥٿ˼ţƥ
½ϵȻͬޥ˽Ҷ˵ĳСȡŮǵȷǹŽѾѿ쵽Сȵġ
½˷ס, ҲΪ⡣
ǶԻ֮񣬾͸йϵڴҪ
ޥô룬׽ҶСΪλˡ

ҶСҲӵһʯͷȡ
ʯͷԴʯѵ, ཬճ϶ɵġڲҲ
˵з籩ġҶ˵, һûϹ˵ֻķӲܿס籩
С˵ʱû˵ġҲͦҵ, гͻزġǾ䷿סˣһҲǡ

һػࡣ
һ¼Ժ˾͹˵Ҷ, ֻš
ٲ飬Ҳ֪ޥŮ, Ǻѳŵģ˵ǧȪֵط
Ǿ䡰ϣҲ, ҲľǸϣѡǴûָޥ
СҲզࣺ

СڻҸɹһջѾͷһū澵سʵʵ֪ȷǱȽҶøһЩ
ϵҹ΢ġʯͷл, ȼţ, ȡů
ޥӳ˳ɫ
ûлشСӵĻȴŻ棬¶΢Ц
, ûһˣ뾭ѵԼڼ, ȴӶǧ֮⡣
ǵģûˡ

СӺͽҶޥͷ
㳢ڵտɲǴǰܱȵˡ˵
ȷǣ˳ĽڳһϣǺ츳ģʱ䣬ҲĥôԵøˡ

ޥͷӶڵϡ
Ļһֱȼţʯͷů͡ҶƷǼԺṩģԭסƷʢˣʲôȱ
ޥõıҲµģóɹ͵
ޥţЩصζζҲкζѬıܲһҲš

˵һϵĻ˵·ϵļš
֮ǰǸޥдţȻô£ô˵ꡣ
ޥҲ½Щ£׽·ϵСȭɫ֮ġҶСӲϵط~̾ʮĽṦ
Ҳǽ¡̾Ϣ
Сӵϲס
Ҷãܳ

ܳһʮֳ
ʲôأ
أޥס
ۣʵܿһεݴصġȨ֮Ҳڡ
˶УѲá

ޥʣǻȥ𣿡
ҶСӶЦˣȴء
ǵļҰ
ϵҲʳģֵĲãҪǿ㣬ժˡ
ҲѧˣСÿֻһǵҲڱ󡣡
ѧ֯Ȼ֯ĿȣҲԽԽˡ
һԲüԺǣԼԼġ

ϸ΢СȴеʵʸеŬ͸ı䡣
һǽüԺȨֱͺɣȥ״ԴΪԼֹ
ȻȻҪԺΪҶṩʳΪﱣݻԱ֤ʵ֡ЩʵʸУǲ޵ġ

ޥðһģҲûϵ
ĸȨƴúܣҫ𡣵һ֮͵С£泩
ԺҲԶãʵΪǰ棬

ڶޥ÷Ȼȥסվͻȥ
Լãպٹ
ˣҶСӴޥڵ档
˵صƤڣҲݣº͡ȫͨģһЩ˵ˣûл˵ٻˣ˵ĻޥһҲ

ҶСӺǹͨҲȴģһߴߴһȻܹͨú˳
ǴʯͷȣЩϡϡׯڣɽ񡢿ӡ
ڻ飬ȴǰ̫ˡ

ǻޥȥϺ
ȥһԶ뵺û˹ĺ̲ޥ֮ûмĽţɹ⡣
ҲΪŮҪŹȣΪ˰ɵӲŴЬںء

ˮ˻ȥĽʪˣˮշŹ⣬һһΡ
ޥͷϸϸѾʮ߰û¿ԼĽˡŵ͸ȥˮϱӵļƵġ

ҶСӰѽҲչ˵Ľŵһ
ԾѾô𣿡
ڴŮӺ͵ơѩסˡ
֪ޥһȣޥǽŲѩףһ㡣
ɹ̫ˣǻڰޥҪºڣͲҪϳ㡣
ǾͺڵɡҶѾˮ棬ûϵ

Ǳ¨зˡȱܺãڵһź
ޥΪǻ֪һЩꡱˣһ
ǻġС˵ؼúˮһݣῪģУҲ¡
Ȼ͸Ҷ亣Ҫôԡ

ڶޥ֯ղɣ֯ôС۵ġޥ̲סԼˡ
ѧŮģһ֯ñˡʮֲ
ޥڵתתһ½ָ½أʮֵشһʱ죬ͷطˡ

ԭ˵ãޥģҶȻ˹ˮ۵ȥġ
浹ùһҲ͸Ļأƫˡ
ޥԾֻĻأ
ССӵСǳҩġеľ͸ˣеľ

СӸҶ˺ǼǺͼǼԺġ
ǣʲôɫģݳƷǼܺޥǰ½ҵʱõˮˮȣͨ˼ңѾǼõƷˡ
ͷпЩķӣһޥ
áҶӦˣȥɣҸžˡ⣬Ҳۡ

Сӱ㳶ޥȥˡ
СӱȽҶڡӺͿȣ¶ССڴҡ֣ģмŮ
ֻƤֱŮ׵öˣһ֪ĵ

СӴţڿɻˡ
ȥʲôûһҪҲסˡ
ޥЦˣѧҲһˣҲǿСӺܶ࣬һãȫչˣۿɼСúá
һˣͦƽʱСӺͽҶһޥһ˾ˣһ㣬ɷϲˡ

СӵԽԶԽԽġֻǲң»زڵЩС㡣ȥԶģ̵˸ߵĴ㡣
ߴģޥֻһЩμ￴ʵû
ǵĴҡøԶЩҲû̫ԶڵΧ

Сʱޥ˴󴬣ֹһ
Ƶд
ϵȻдСӲΪ⣺Ǳȥˣȥ䵭ˮġ
ϻкдֻ·ڴ˲䵭ˮ
Ǳ㶼û⣬Զȥˡ

ϼޥˣ˲ҡСߡ
ġ
ԶԶȥɳ̲ӰӰ´µӰƶ
ޥֲѾ峺׵ĺˮܿ׽ʯӰӺζ㡣
̧ͷߵĲϼ룬ˣûؼˣĸ绹ڼء

΢ЦȻʧ
ĿŰӰӰ´µˣɫ䣬һ׽סСӵֱۣ㣬ҡ㣡
СӲԣ˳Ŀ⿴ȥƬ̣Ҳɫ䡣
ƴҡޥϵĽƴػС洬Աȸղſöٶ򰶱߿

룬Ѿü崫Ŀ޺ˣ
ܿЩ֪ˣ׷ŮǵУ׽ˣߡ
ĵֿǾ䡣
Сһ񣬱һ˰߱۰Ѫ絽ϣ

ޥ´ץ档
̤һ˴ͷٹͷ׼ϣ˳ȥ
һ˸տһŮ̧ͷ㿴ոһɱͬ飬رһХ洩͸壬ɳ̲ϡ
ԾתͷһҶС忿˰

ϰޥȵ
/ǹڽҶʯͷޥγذףһԾϰ






250.   250    һ

250 

ǰ, ͨ˵͵ضˮǲ¡޷Ԥ֪Ҳ㲻, ˾
Ȫݸݺǰʱ٣Ѿʮ궼ûǴܵĺصأɽҲáҲáҲá¶ͤҲáδҲ, ϺЩֻںǺ, ǵĴȪݵİҡһ, ˺̡
ȪݡݵЩգּҡҡǮ, Ҳ㣬ӵܳ, ǵ̴еϣСֻ, һ
һ棬ϵĹˡ
ʱ£Դܵ˵, Ǻǰ˴ǻ֮أ֮, ǲЩҰġ

ޥһԾϰذѾʡ
ĻʱԺ𡪡һ
ʵһ·ϣޥ·һЩСٷ, 㶼δ֡ϣ˹ߵͣ۾һ, ̡ܿŵġǸòŮӣһ·ϵˣûһͶ֣֡
֣ޥҲǵֻȥͽĹٸ

ʱ˿̣ޥģ֪֡ӴԾһ̣ȫ
ǰһ˷ӦҲ죬ͬһɳ۶棬ֿޥԾӰ㽫ϵŮ£ӵ
ޥ죬һѾܹȥذ׷֣˾ӡ

˾Ѫѩ׵ɳ̲ϣŮС
ޥ˵ĵܡ
һһ·º飬ҵʹ
嵽ҶʯͷȣȿıǰŵڵϣһǱߵġޥһ
ԾʯͷУȻң﷭ȴû˽ҶӰӡ

ޥ򴽣šǹԭǿǽġ
Һãǹȵסˣ˲δ֡һһ˱ǹôѱߵˡ
ޥ˵ץǹԾȥ
ڣɱˡĿ֮Ѿˡ
ȻֻˣɴһƬοµĺͻŵģˡˣŮӶʧࡣ
ޥףɱļˣɨβˡѾŮӡţһ뿪ˡ

һոձµŮڵϣ˵ʬ尧ʹޡޥȥ׽סֱۣʣЩȥˣ
Ůȫͨʱ˿ƺҪԣŮֻ֪ʲôĳһָɿ˵ʲô
ޥȥ˵ʲôֻҪзˡ
ŮֱۣתҪߡ

ŮȴȻ׽סֱס
Ůʹҡͷ˵һĻ۾ﺬῴҡͷҡͷ
Բͨȴͨˡ
ޥ˵ұȥ
Ů֣Ȼתɱ׷ȥˡ
Ůˡ

ޥǹɱ׷СʯľɿصˡϹȻ˲ȹĺۼ
˰Ϊʲôʱأ
Ҷݳ£С˵Ҫӻؾȥޥܾˡ
ޥȫҶ롣
ҲýҶȥʵΪԼʵֲ˵롣
ΪмԺһ·Ҷ¡
ʱڣ

Ůˡţߵò졣⵺Ҳûйٱٳˡߵٶ˵Ǻˡ
ޥ׷һ׷ǣ
ԶԶģͿŮǺţһм䣬Լʮͷһһƥѩ׵ĿϣޥĴ

ޥذ׳ʣûκλֱ˦˳ȥ
ذǻġн񣬷ƥСࡣеһɱˡ
ʱǵĸоܡ񲻻ˡ
ɱ£ȥǵͱˡ

ذֱû˵ĺģһûԳֱӵ¡
˾ת
ֻǰ˸һ˺ͷ̴һ˺ͷϣ

Уһ˷Ӧ죬ֵӭ濳
һ̣һգһ糤һǿ/ǹٱ֮
ǹǧﲦ棬һǹȥ

ڼУϣ뷬д裬ùͷմŰ׻ңȥһ׵㡣ÿÿʱޥͻЦһ䣺ˡ
ʺֹܽڶԷͷǰ磬ҲЦһ䣺ˡ

ˡ
ޥǹ
ѪӶԷͷ
ޥͣˮһŴ˺ͷγǹѪڿлһɫĻߣһǻǹ֮˵ʺ

ʺҲ죬Ҳ졣
һ棬вϸ룬ŮѾǽһ֡
˴󾪣
һһһѣ˻⣬תɱǷǸղǰеķ

ޥˣѾס
ޥ˲ˣ⼸˲
Ů˼мʯͷȥ˵ĸֵͼޥæ
һ˱ʯͷԴͷһᣬѱ̴

һͷЮŷƵޥǹ˳ǹһޥԼ˸ոձ̴ʺ˵ĻУסֱһһһʬһȥ
⡣ʬסͬĵ档

ޥʬŵص˲䣬һֻѾʬĸֵȥֵ˶ȣҽŵ¡
ޥ˦ʬѾץԼǹ
ǹȴס

ٶҾɱǣ˺
ûüܵļŮսЮˣͷֵǵĲϡ
Ƕ¸ҵŮӣҪַԣ紵˴˱ȹŮҪ͵ö
ҶϲǣϲͨϢ

ޥΪ˵۾
˴˸䡣
ղһж̫ˡֱʱǲſ壬ǹǹŮӣ쳣ò
ŮڵƤѩɵƵġ

ֻѩŮϽ˵ʺѪһ˫ī򲻸óڴ˵صòɱ˵ֶη֮ʲô˼ֻ˾⡣
ǹ˺ȵҾɱ

ƬӣһƬ֮ءڴ˲䵭ˮĺǼڴ˸ªĸۿڡ
Ҹͣ
ĿյϣһȺˣˡ˺ܶ࣬ϸܿóǷռ˼Ƕȣӣ˴֮䱣΢ľ롣

ɽȻŭ
¶ͤȵ̸һɢƾ£
¶ͤȻ󵱼ңǼλŵģ󵱼ҾͲ̸ˡ
ƨɽ֮زӣĹˣСӣûеϢ

еˮֻĴȡˮʤ˿ڷĳиۿڡǴҹϵһˮ㡣
ĬϵĹأĵطҶ֡
ƫղɽ֪ˣ¶ͤ¾ǰ浺ĴȥˡⲻعأŴ˵иҪһǴҶ֪ɽǲϽӵġֻϵ⡣
¶ͤ˾ҪҲʹ졣

侲Щղű¶ͤ˵˵ڴˣ˭Ҳ֡־ǲ档Ǿͱǲˡ
¶ͤɽһ

ڳЩˣǽдܵĹԱ֪գǵþͷƤ顣
ܶغеյĴҲ߰λλ

һδ´󵱼ңҶصĹأ㲻أ㲻ˡҪ󵱼ֵѿǲ㡣
ĴҲ´󵱼ңջɡ

Щָʩѹ¶ͤһǶ˵ǻ
Զ˶üȥ
˴зɱֱ¶ͤ󵱼ҵģǮţֵӲˣһˣ
δֱӡ͡Ц
¶ͤŭʲôˣ
˵Ǯ˵ǸŮˡ

յϾһ˲
ˡࡡһϡ档
¶ͤѾİ𣺡ߣȥ






251.   251    ϴ

251 

˵ʲôޥ̤һ, ȵٻ
û취ֻÿŨصĹٻȵǹ£ȻҾɱ
ޥǹֽ˽ĴƤӴʵС

ǹӵ֮Ѿչ, ûһεĴʵǿҡ
ޥŵģ˿޵ʵʸС
ŮˣС

ʵޥСӿ, ȥʱ䲢ʱʱ˿, ޥھһϴ
ޥһֱһûмʶˡ

½˻½, ǵĴԶ˵ġ಻˵Բȱ֮յĵλ˴֡
ûмʶ¾, ںլ½˱̫̫, Ҫ½ͻǻ߶ǳǳ飬ǿʶ, £վȨġ
½ҵЩ꣬½Ҳ, ˴󹦷ȥĥ̵ƫޱ黭ҲֻһǿѧӡҲֻǸʱ, ׺ֶζѡʵ㲻ʲôġ

书
ǵģСͿĶ½Ҳţ, ̿಻꡵ġ
ⶫʲôأ
½Ա, Ƕƾűʺ͵ǰ
Ȼޥһǹʲôأ

½Щ꣬ޥ֪ԼĹ򾿾ʲôˮƽ
˻ߣл֪ˡԭĹܲ˵ǳˡ
ɼΣ
ǵСһ䡰ϧˡ

˸ıǹλ졣Ĺޥͺһһֻʽĥʱֶζѡ
ĥʱ⣬ŽĵĶ㲻á

ֱζԳԶУˡܻһѵ竡ƦɡޥԾãһʮĹԻѪɵһ˱ǹԭЩôġ
ΪΪȻȻĿд˸

ʱޥһǹʵʵڵʵʸУŮˡ
ĴļӲĽʸС
Ůǹޥȴףеǹ£ʲôûˡ
ŮˣˡǵˣԤ

еĴ˼ʵʵ»սеǹûз¡
ڸոգɱʮˡһУɱսﵽ˴δйǿȡ
ɱǰһˣұɱ㡣

ЮŮƵһ
ޥǰһһ
ǰ־ŭ
ҹܲĵҪɱɱޥҿԹԼǹٵʱ򣬾ɱʱ򡣡

ޥ۾һֱ뿪˵ס˿ֻš
˺ɱһŮޥ֪˵ЦģŮкü
ֻһôŮһϧΨһһҲһûˣ
˶ܵĺ顣

ޥǰһ
ЮżŮ˺һ
˽֣ޥЮʮ˵ɱ⣬һغˡ
ޥÿǰһյʵʸǿһ֡

ʱӵĽŲ
¶ϲɫ
ޥ۾˵Ƶ˱ŲЮֵŮϣ

ڴ϶Ůֵ̫ܷǡ
໥ر񣬶Ƥڣͷ⡣òϺ֡
Ůһ˫۾ղţʯһ˵Դޥһɱ

¸ҵŮޥϡͬʱܵסֱԷɡһޥͨ
Ȼ͵ҧ˵ֱһڣ
˺ʹ˵ȻſõȻ𡣲ֻҪһ

ǹһ㹥ǰ
˵ʲôݻ浽һ̣ǹȥɱŮȻԼҪȻҪԱ
˻ӵ񵲡
ˣҲ˲ŮŮģŸͷֵΧ

ϹűУų̺ܿ죬Ѿ˱ײľ϶䣬ҲսһӰ
˼ӿٶȱ˹ȥһǹˮһ˺һš
Ůδһǹ⴩͸࣬Ա͸ⲢȫŮӵԴﵽ̶ȡǽųǹ֮ƣųս֮ƣһ͸࣡

ͷЮŮǹ׽ס˵ļλλת˵ʬ嶥ȥ
ǹβסʹ֮˵塣Ǵ󿪴ͳ͸ɣӲ嶥סǹˣǰӲ壬ޥľ롣

ǹƵ͸ʬ壬͸ࡣ
ͷޥǸͷ˵ļ򣬿˹ͷ
ޥûסǹԼǹʬа˳
ǹѪϴһ顣
ˡ

ɱɱʹͷ˶ͬ˻
ովͬһһȥĿ־壬ʱĹޥòòԮһֻͬɱޥܻ־塣

Ȼ¶ͤɽһ㿴ޥɱ˵ľʡ
˽Ծ
֮ǰŵ˵ӲǸŮˡʵÿԺиֳĶǸĸģ˭Ҳ벻⸱ģ

ͷ֮ǰб
͸ľ֮ббͶµĹǳȽɫġ
ǸŮǹָأˡŮǶһǹסǡ
ڳ֣߼ĨĨ
Ҷ֪ĨʲôǶǸǹô͸һ˵ġ

Ǯ˶¶ͤҵģ
¶ͤŭɶظΪ˿ʲôӲӾǰʧӡֻϲӲӻģ

ббµĳȽĻУ˶ޥǹɱ⣬ҲɱŮӵò
¶ͤ³ૣԹԡ
ðһŮˡ

ֻɽȻ
ĲŮӵòǸղһۿģǹ˵С
ʽ

Ůޥޥǹббָأ̧ǰǡ
ʱĸ׸˵ʲôţ
һ˵Ĺúãһ˵Уʮ˵Уʮ˵УǼʮ˵С
ǰ˵С
һٻҲŰϣǴˡ

Ķˣޥ֪Ҫˡ
أûкڡ
вˡƴȴƴ֣Լѡ
ֻԲסĸˡ
ޥĨȥʪѪգսǹ

¶ͤȵ£
¶ͤ˵һΧ˹
ޥǹӭս

¶ͤԽ۾Խ
ɽȴԽԽ𾪡
Ůòǳͨױʶ
ǹǾϵģ
ǹ

ʱޥһʹϣҽб׼С
һбɽ
ǶѧǺ󳷣ڷֻСã㣬ܿӲȡ鶯֮һΪбֻΪ˺ûС

ס֣
ȺУȻ𱩺
ס֣

ޥɱǷ׷׺󳷣ޥ󳷣߷ֿȺȥ
ྪȥȴֹ˵ģɽ
ޥ˵Ǹһӣͷȧǻһᴩ˱ĵ̵Ĵ󺺡
Խڶ鼤
𣿡






252.   252    

252 

, ܽеóֵˣͲࡣ
ޥ𾪿ȥ
Ƿֱܶ꣬Ǻͨòȥ, رǴʱ֡
ޥֱɽȷ޷ϳġ
ޥǰ°ء

°ؾһģӣɽȻһӻе, ͡üۡͷ״̫°صģ
ֲɡɺ°һءǰޥǴȥʹ, ֻ粻ټ
ǰ˭
һֺ֮
һҶΪ˿ʮˡ

ޥš
촽ҵƣ磿
ɽӯ
ǣǰһ, ң

ɽ, ޥʧ˽ʮɼ
˳ʮ꣬ɽ, ߵǰ·ս, ɼӢݸݸޥеֵġвֵ˶ʧ٣֪
°ֵܵɼ꣬, ˡӢ飬¹ڣ

, ɼȴųޥǰ
ȻţΪЩ꾹ؼңӢأݸݸأ

ޥȫʡ
ɼѾ߹֡ޥҲ֡
Ŀ֮, ʮδס֡

ɼȴһֵʪ𤡣
ޥģǺѪš·Ĩָ컹Ѫ
ĴɲǼ佫ôطϲüصʵޥǹϻѪ, ϻʬ塣
ɼǺЩ˵Ԯһġ

ޥ˲䱻ʵ
ǡÿ˵϶űУһЩ˶ɱڡ
磬ޥץɼ֣㡭
ʵĻʲ
Ǵǰ»õʱǻὫʲô¶ô롣
ɾ࣬ޥѧˣ롣

󵱼ң¶ͤʱڵôţǳһ
յϡ档⺣ϱԵ֮أһŮӣɽʶδģ
˶档

ɼĨ˰ٿתɽˡ
иλЦˡã꣬ովһʱûϳ
ɽã¶ͤź°ͣ󵱼ҵã󵱼Ҹ㣿
°ָǵϵʬ塣ޥһ˻ɱʮˡ

ɼЦ´󵱼ǵһسԴϳԷˣ´󵱼ҲҪƽϣڴˣû֪һûҪ´󵱼ءһȺΧһŮӣܾͰˣˣ˵ˣǶ絺ҪŮԼڿԼˡ

ɼ˺ôЦԵҲЦ
ղֵһˣɽ֮Էŭ¶ͤ˾˴ҲˮĵⱾǻص¡
صɣȻ˷ɱˣȻǽиŮ˷ɱˡʮսһŮˣ¶ͤ˵ɽˣȷˡ

¶ͤҭס
ȷɽڣƱҪղŶҪôŮˣֻɺͻȻðʲô׵Ϸ룬Ķˡ

Ц¶ͤ˱Եˣ˭ҵģĸģ±
ֻЩ˵˹ˡ̫ѰǶܡ
ֻ¶ͤһԸѵǴȥˡ
˲ߺߵعȥʬ塣

¶ͤɼٿɼޥٿޥŮЦǼǵģ
˳Ů߹ȥ
һޥǸǹֶɭѪǹˡ

˫ɱģÿôɽأյġ
󵱼ңܹӡ¶ͤɱҵҾͲƽˣҵĻɲС
ɼŮǣѣ㿪ۣˡ
¶ͤЦҾʲôʱǵϵ˵

һȥ
˱ҪǰɼȻҪ
һײʱһƬεʣٵǰ

ѽյ̸ǲǣΪʲôˣ
ɼ¶ͤһûȵͷ
˾ͼţսš

ޥǹԾһλ
˶ȥ
ȴ¶ͤ
¶ͤ۾ӣ¶ͤ

ܿϧں쵱ţɽȻ֪
ţûʲôӦֻף´󵱼ҡ
һָ󵱼ҿҵ

˳ޥֿȥſһƥѩ׵ּеسŲݡ޳Ƥë׵Ưˡ
ûвģ˺Ȳʣ

ǴѪġޥǧ󡣡
ҶΪҪ˵ԴŮ
ޥ´󵱼ҳûʲôõóֵġӢۣ͸´󵱼ˡ
˶ɽӸղҪͬھƣû뵽ȻҲһ˼һۣаͷ

ɼҲȻ
Ծ˳ʮһʮδޥǸƤСѾͷ
жأùӴΪԼûŲӲϴġ
ۣʱѵѾôˣѾʹǰһˡ

¶ͤЦ
ˬˡҾˡ⼸ڲģ£°ɡ
˶ѵƻ
ޥһ£Ҫ鷳´󵱼ҡ
¶ͤ˵

ޥǰһҵһѣ׽ȥˡ
¶ͤǮ
Ǯһ׷һ룬ʣµĶˡ
Ǹղ˵ЩҲǵ񣬽Ҷ䡣ޥǵϵˡǸŮӣƤҪ׵öࡣ

ûСǮûģǺڲġ
һȥЩֱˣҲвġ
˿Ҳ˵ٻޥԾϰڣһֱڽ״̬ʱŷӦҲֿܡ
嶼һ¡

˶÷
¶ͤ޵ԭΪѡ
ޥʱٲ˵ˣֻһۡ
¶ͤʵһ۵ĺ壬ü

ɫˣ󵱼ң컹̸̸
˵Ѿˣ󵱼ط꣬ټɡ
δﶼ˵ͷͬˡ
ɼǱ˱ȭ

⼸ȴ˻ȥˡ
¶ͤʹǣޥֿޥۣҲ˻ȥˡ
ޥŮȻȥ
ԲͨñȻ
ǰ䲻֪ôҲ֪ΣսˡŮޥ˼˵ͷ

ޥ˵ȥ߽ҶҶңЩٻȥ߽Ҷ
Ȼţǿص㡣
ȻŮֻöҶ֣ģЩãȻ
ޥҲû취ֻˡ
ŮһͷŴȥˡ

л谵Ҳֻʣޥɼɼˡ
ޥŮǣתɼ
ͻ֮ʱޥȫƾ£ʱӸϾȥ˼
Σչȥܺú롣

Ǹ¶ͤ£ɱ˽ӡ
ʲô˻ںڵɱ˽ӣ
ɼôһ
ӸղԻпɼǸ¶ͤһǡԴڿϳԷġģһ¡

谵Уö˺ܾãӶԷҵǰӰӡ
ȴֻ֣˴˱̫İ
ãɼ˵ʲô˵ɡ
硣ޥסᣬ㡭Ǵ

ޥš
λεʵǰ
˶Ϊ˺еɼ˺






253.   253    

253 

ɼĬ
, ȫҵĴ
ޥˣΪЩţȴ
ΪѾزˡ

Ƥ, ЩĻʵġ
죬ʵ곤ĸǱȣĹͬġ
Ƕ˵붼һġ
̽, ε߽

, ̫ˡ
ڼſ˳վڳ, ȦǺġߺһĿ޹
˭뵽أ
Ҳ˭, Ĵת֮ʱ
꺣ǰϮ, ɼȼȥӪδӢ֮󶼷ʲô
жж

ޥվ
硭ģ, žͺá
ɼҲᡣ
ʣ磬Ӣأ
ɼ᣺š
֮ϲޥϲĨ˰ۣؼݸݸأ
ɼˡ
֮Уޥͷ

ɼĨ˰۾, ʣɺã
ʲô֪ءޥ̧ۿ, ս͢ҵ캱

ɼҲˡȻһ֣ɱϾʮҲԺй, ʱҲûôѡ
ͷʣأ
ޥȥ֮, ˤˣ˼£ȥˡ

ɼ
ãʣ½أ
һΣޥĬˡ
ޥͳ˹Ź֣Ƿʲô¡
ֻúվǰԵľͶ˵
ɫɼĨȥˮߣ˵

ޥɼȥߣںϿĴ󴬡ЩȪݸۿڵЩһϣֱܷó̴Ǻս
˴ϣޥϴһ˼ѸѾѪ͸ˡȻ˵Ѫ
ȷʳ˶ӣ˵

ûܸϵұ·Ͼɱˡɼ٣򲻹ˡߵ¶Ǵˡɽ飬һ֧Ӹ͸;˵ˡӵһӣûϰһѡ
ޥĬȻ
£Ǹɡɵӣͳ˲ɿ

ɼĽܼ򵥡
ˣţʹˡ
ӢҲˡ
Ҳš
һ֮ϲҲʧˣҲΪˡ˱°Դˡ

ǰˡɼǼһ˶絺һת۾ֹȥüˣ졣
ɽҲǶĴˡ
ֻ½˵һȺ̫ңԶˡ½һܿģ̫̫ˡ
˵˵ǣ˵˵ϣҲ˵¡ޥһֱںլû˵¡
½֪ɽš·ںǰҲӲޥǰ£⹴¡

ɼ̾·ţת˵˵°ɡ÷˻أ
뵱Ȼأޥǵ˹Ѹ½ңöϱֵط
šˣ̽ޥƽصֻڣҵķˡ

ɼŭ
⻰һ˭ԲһٷƻšĴϷ
ģޥЦҡͷ½һ¡
ɼŭһƽĳѺۣ½Ϲ
޲ϰȫҡ

òŭƽʣô£
ޥһû꣬ҵ˾Ǹˣȴǻɡ
ɼˣ֪ھǳϢˡǸбµġ
һˣ겻£úõģü޸жá

ޥҷˡ
ɼٴδŭ
ʲôŭɶԼǸɶû𣡡
Ϊʲô˻飬Ϊˣ
Ǵϻϣ˭ҵŮü޸ˣǸ޷ܵ¡
ҪˣŮ

粻ضŭޥһķвͬһӹͦõġ
ɼŭģ
ھǡޥߣȪݿˡ

ƨ⻰ңɼţǷˣ㡮ߡǵȪжԶһ˼ҡ˵ʵô£
˵ľʵޥΣߣĸҲãҾͳˡӣ书һ·мԺշؾͲˣ

Ȼ书мԺշɼҲʵ滰ʵ
Сʱ̽ģվֻСʱѡ
ˣܲŮ߳լǧ¡
Сʱޥǧ߳ɳҲģ֪
Ҫģ㲻ֹûˣӿҲûˡ

ޥ
Ȼϣ˵ģ׸ҲС
ֻлֻ˵ҷֻ֡ţŮӣҲԵǹƥ⡣
Ҳֻںһ⣬ܰڼҵ
̾һ˵ɼ

УҲ㳳ˡɼ㶼ˣȥ絺ɩӺͺǰɡ
ޥʵˣֻ°زԸ
°ؼţȥȫڡ
ɼȴûС
ɼŭǻвм㲻ˣޥޡȴûоޥȥ
ͷá

öһ˵̫࣬Ѿҹ
ɼԼĲշøޥס
ɼסĲշʮݻǻĺ벻ڴϡ
ޥĴϣɼɽɽǶ¡
ã̾Ϣвűۡ

գȻش￴ҶǷһԺɼȥ򣬼Ӣͺǡ
Ķһۣͳ˯ȥˡ

ϣޥһԾǰСӾſڴֻ¶Դ
۳ޥִһذףˮһɱһˣ漴һ·ȥԶԶأɱ˵Ĵ𣬳·ͻȻûˡ
ޥʧˣٳ֣ǹȻعԼҵʯͷˡܿһȥˡ

Сſ˰죬ȷӦûзˣ˰
ɱʯͷ󺰣ҶҶ𣿡
ҶôˣСֻˡ

ҺãһҶͳӦˣڡңҳˡ
СſȥҶԭ굽˼ӵȥˡ
Ǹ϶ĴСͨŮӸýȥҲֻнҶܹѵܰԼۼѹӲȥֻȥˣľܺͼϵƷ̫޴ˡ

СӰѼϵĶһȥѹӵĴʯҲȥʹ˳̵ŰѽҶ˳
Ҷ㣬ҹͷǼˣء
СӺ괭ﲻ괲ȥ
ɵ㣡Ҷ˭벻ܲ˰õѵ벻ЩһøֵأҺûôɵ
һſڵϰڵϾͿĵطͽվţ߿ȥҲ벻ķ϶ܲˡ
Сӵðɡ

ҶһָѰҹ֮һ첱ӿ˿أ
ղŷͽͻȻϮСӺޥˣһ١
Сӵ׷ȥˡ
Ҷ󾪣ʲô
Сӵˣһɱ˺üˡǹأǻûţ

ûҶ˵ҽȥͳˣнŲҲҳ
ԭǸŲȻޥ
Ҷˣ׷ȥ
СӵҲסѽɱ˶ر죬ҿ塣ұ´ʱѾˡ

˶٣ӦӦû°ɣĺ
ҶҲакöأ
ʯͷȵƸЩſڿһۣ㿴һȺ˴˴
ţ˼ȥ

СӵҲû취Ѿȥˡ
Ҷߣȥ
棬ǲң˲ˡ
ҶдͷˣֹˮʹҪﲻæֻҿˬĵͷ£Сȥæ

Ժÿ¸͵Ķȫ˳ҩҲнҩҩСҪϼƿ˯˯̤ʵġջѾͷʱ򣬻ﶼôһСӲܹ̤ʵ
ϡ
СӵϱС
ǿһ۵ġԾȲҲ࿴һۡ
Իܾȵģ־ͷɿ죬ž˺üˡ

Ҷſʯڵϣ۾ֻӵķޥƽ
ȷ˻ˣȴޥǱߵŮǡ
ǵϲ˵Ů鼤ָŽҶ˵Щʲô
Χһ˵

ϰ̫ȴģܲ³ޥȥǡ
ֻǱӦûû
Ҷֻѹӵȡ
ܾãֵ˼ˣûޥ

ļŮǰƽ˺ܶ࣬Ҳܶࡣ
Ȼ˺ܾãҲֻͨһ¡ǻˣޥû
ˣҲû˸ȥ׷һ·һʯͷŲŸ˯
ڶգͽûޥҲû

ҶʹԺЩѵϰˡСӣдм¸ЩŮˣִǱСȥ̽
һ·ϣѪʬ嶼ûˡ
ӣǱߵĿյۼкͣĺۼ
ֻϿտգͣĴȫˡ






254.   254    

254 

ҶСſյĺĬ˺ܳʱ䡣
СӽӰɡ
Ҷ
СӵӵĻ, úܲҡ
ȻҶǲ̫ðɡ˼ҴԶǡ

ҶҲû˻Զˡ
Сӣ
Ҷʵء
С쳤̾
Ҷ߰, ȥԺ
Сӵðɡ

ҡ˴½ȥ
һͳˣǰ, ԺŶˣȥš
ܿзӷƵĿȥ˾
˾ڼ, ˶ˡ

Ǹ½һг, ܽˡһˮء
ۿܶຣ̣˸۾ǺĬϵĹ, ǲֲء
˲عأ
˾ʧķڶʱعأ
˾Ǳ

˾ʱɿѾڿǼ
һǴͨҶɱ˽ҶڣȻαѾƽ̵ļ
Լź·
ֻ￼ǹ֮, ֪ҲԼܵĺҲᱻ
ط, 淬ӻ˼Ժ
˽ҶСӣϸΡѺڣڶԴȥ쿴Ȼۼ罶Ҷ˵İ, ǹˡ

лĸл˹ͨһ£ͷ, Ȼһɱʮһˡ
ֵ˵Ͳˣһֱ˵뿪ʣµһ˵, Ȼǻ
˾˵ŲǱ°ߵģ
ӵŲ񡣡

˾ȼϣĻ𻨡
ʣˣô죿
˾˼ãٵȵ, ȲǱٵȵȡ
һʲôתأ˵ԼĹͱסˡ

ޥһ߳շҲˡ涼ãã󺣣ӭˣҴ󴬽ţ͡С͵Ĵ֪ʲôʱϵģٲȻɶӡ
ǡɼ˰˰ɡ
ޥһѾסôˣ
ɼǽ컹ҪˣԼĵطǰ档
ޥҵ´
ɼԾȥɩˣ

ޥʡŽ´ȸҶкģֻԸˣûɼ˵һ
ʵ̫ˡ
սʮˣ˿žÿһɱ׼ݣʵļ󡣱֮ƽ˺ƽд裬ȫͬն
ɼط꣬ϲ󱯵س񡣾ɼ˵һһ˴㵹ͷ˯ˡ

ҪȥұԺ͸šҲܾôˡ
ɼĹ°꣬ҽ˸ȥ
Уޥȴ׽סɼֱۣ磬͡Ǳˣ»£
ɼģ죬ܳʲô£
ޥΣֻ˵ˣɸǰһġ

ɼʣʲô˼
ޥ̾һ
ƫҵˡޥƫȨλأ̧ǣˡôˣԺǱ߱ᣬΪҳˣ磬еģĻᷢģһҪˣұøţ

ɼüͷšɸ񡣡
ǰĻʲôأ
¼ȫ˶ϲġڸޥдţģҪ飬ߡм䶼óǸʻµɡ
Ů˭Ҳϲ

ɼں϶
λӣȻΪȱıŤˡ
ˣرǾȨˣмء
ˣޥǷ
һǰһ󣬼޵Ķʲôˣ

дšɼͬʹȥ
ޥ˿
Ҵд˼ţӡӵ׶Щ̵ĻƣͿīӡֽϣӡǡ
ŶɼӦߵûԶɣ͵ȪݵļԺ˾´ȥ
ɼܴӦҲΪʵ̡ޥ̫ˣˡ

һС͵Ĵת˷Ȫȥˡ
ֻɼһ
һʱޥ̲סʣʲô
ɼͦ
ޥҷ
ɼֺһ

ޥ̾磬Ƣˡ
ɼҲǵѪӵģûƢ
ɼǸѵ꣬ӣʲô£ȥš
ɼ԰Ե˺ܶࡣ
Щ꣬ûи׺ֳǰͷȷѪĶԼˡӢλӣ˳һ󵱼ҵġǲŵס
һȨϰ˷ʩԵֱȻȻˡ

Ҳġ
Եݾ
£ʱޥûôѾεˡ
ޥֻ
кܶʱ֮ҪЩ룬ܿס
һ·ܶ࣬Ҳʹ˼ԺΡеԶ׻Ȩơ
ǰĵͷСģЩڻѾϰ˵Ķͷһ뵽Īᡣ

һҵģ¶ͤǵĴôһֻˡ
ޥɼȥԶԶؿǸˣҲվڴϱߣҲΦϣڳߴ
ܿ죬Ҳѯʡ
Ǹظǡһޥ¡
һУЩزģޥġ
Ժͳ

һֻСЩ˶Ҫʣó˴˼ʮ־衣
ޥʣ磬Ƕʲôˡ
ɼǺ쵱

ޥˣǺϴʣǾһҪʲô
ɼëƵƵԽ磬һԲߡ
ֵỹԵļˣһΣյˣˡ

ںһʱԶԶܿһƬЩ˱ƬΪյ㣬ĳλûϡȻѾ˴ССֻ
˲ʹ󣬻ǳйĴдΧУЩ֪Ĵ

ɼġ¡ޥҲţֻվڴ
ɼһĸģָЩ˸ޥ˭ˣֻߵߵˣҲϡ档

ԶԶأǸ¶ͤҲ
յϣֹһˣȴֻ˽ӡ
ޥתزշˡ

һȺں£ա
꣬˸ԻظԵĴ¶ͤȴ׷ɼ󵱼
¶ͤɼЩ̫Ըͻأʧյĵϣ¶ͤʹ˽ӵɼɼü´󵱼ʲộָ
¶ͤѵûɼǺ̬ȷΪ󵱼ңһ˵


Ժ˾˽ҶСڼԺѹס˻ʧٵ²ϱɳĴڵϿʲôˡ
û뵽գûޥȵˡ
üǣʹϵһС͹ġ
˾õޥ飬С£

ţһһҶһ˾˾ȻֻҲǷ⡣
ޥ˸ƽ˾ŷڶûüش֪ҶΣȥϲ쿴ҶǷƽ
Ǿţµģ˾ֱҪ㣬Ҫڼ﹩ϡ

ҶСӲʶֵģŻø˾ſ˾ԭ˹ˣҪȥ⿴˵ٻ½
ҶСӷĽޥȥ⡣

˾ֽۺ˽ǣȴ档֪ʵ
ֻޥ飬Ǳסˡ˵£һҲˡ
ޥǷȥ

ɼصԼĴϣޥӭ̸𣿡
ɼޥɫ΢漴ס̸ֻˣԻؼˡɩɩ㣬ϲ
νؼңǻض絺ȥӢͺǶ

ޥʣ磬򵽵жԶ
ɼˣȡͼ
ܿȡ˺ͼڴ̿ޥʱס˺
Сʱ½ͼȥǵһμͼ

ݡǸɼϷλãָ»һξ룬򡣡
еûж絺
ɩɩֶֶŮɼǼҡ

ޥɼҹི°֮¡
°صУޥ½жʱԾȫڣ˼ŵף
ޥ䣬ǰϡ½ˡߣоʱ֪ǡ½ٷˡˡ
ΨǸϵġ

ɼó
ɼޥʵ֮
ǸˣһҲܻ¼ңҲɼˡ
˵ҡʱǣ°زޥȴҲǸ磬ļҾޥļҡ

ֻޥûк壬ͷĿȫ⺣ͼ

Ρ
أ
ࡣ
أ
ޡ
ޥǺͼƲ۾
硣𾪵صԭô𣿡






255.   255    տ

255 

һȺͳơ
дʮ, С٣ݵСûжٵ
ƬȺ˵϶, ǧ

ޥִʱʮ£ʱ, Ҳ˾ǡ
ȿޥ飬ٿ˾龭, ¿ޥ飬Ȼ󳤳̾һ
С̾ȥˣ, ԽܵԽˣҾ˵ɣŰ, ԽԽҰˡ
, ǸֻأǸֻ, Ǹֻأ
ˣЦΪ

߹ȥС
Ըˣȡͼͺµ
СٰߣƵһ, ޥϸɩ⻰ô˵ú, ŹŹֵֹģ
ĥ˼

ޥлֱ˵
˵˹ˣʮããδ, ʮһȥ½ûˣȻݵĹˡ
Ȫ˾, ôһ˽˺ޥ롰ˡطꡣܽӺǲǾˣ֪ҲʲôƲ硣
ޥȴˣǱȻＫεˡ
ݳ¼ңʲô˻Σ

СȡһεغҲ²⣺ʲôСʱ÷ɣ
͵ɫ
ΡȻҾ÷
С
ŵС޻˵
С֣ðɡ

ʱҶ֪ûˡ
ҳ֮ǰޥԻ޻˵ġǧ߳ɳֻΪһףֱӾ½ԩмûйʲôˡ

ͼˣչ
Сûôͼʣأ
ֱָӰĳ
С˿ЦˣôԶ

СδԺҲϤޥҪȥ֪ѳ˴ܵĽ򣬿ӳԺӡ󻹾밶϶һȦָо
濴ͼųԾˣ૵Ұˡ
̧ۣѾڷµĵһ飬Сδעģ֪ܿʲô
ּޥϸ

³ͻȻԼ
ҹ˼ᣬ˼ˣ㼴̻ؾٲƲĸܡ
ĸ𼱣¼ϣҪǨŭˡ
С

ֵܣʱʱ£伴£¼䡣ɩɩ˵ʲô
һ䣬ͻأұŤһȣ˵ȣ£ǱŤ
һ̧ۣȴָסµĲҳĳڳ˼
С졣

ãɽ
ָסģ֡
Сʣ˭
⼸ͷĴǵߵ֮һ

СùǵᲾ˿ЩôϸǻҪܺϵ𣿡
Щ²ԺҵΧ
ûشſ˼Ƭ̣˵һ֣ɼ

һɽһɽ˭Сʡ
̾ɣԭû
С¼Ҿɣ
ɼʮ꣬С֪УͲڣ¼ֻ֪´¶ɣ´ǸӲתɵϣ¼ʵɩɩ
̾һԭˡ
ɼޥȻֱӻתҪ̻һʱ䡣

С˿µô˵ˣֲòд
զࣺô˵ɩɩҪȥһˣ
СɩɩҲͦ棬ֻǸլ˲
аɡߵáСֻǾ͵꿪ټˡ
һҹСһץסҧһڣ׽ֲҷȥܵģá
ܵˡ

ֽޥչ¶顣
ޥһ·˺ܶ顣ܸܵܵչҲܸܵ
߳ȥˣȷϣ֮ǣѲжϡ
ǰûʧΨʧȥ
ǧ֮⣬ǹҪ̤ʵ

ҹ˼ᣬ˼ˣ㼴̻ؾٲƲĸܡ
ֶһ顣
˭㡣ֽ
ĶҰˡ

ٿϵĺͼƶĳһ޳ָá
ˣȥسǽ
ܿسˡ
ȥˡ
سǳԾ
ȥȪתȥˣ

ǡǺܽˣ
ʣ絺ɽǷ˹ˡȥһˣ취ɽϻ
ɽȻɼȷһĪҪԺɾ˶˴ǳ鷳
سȥˡ

źͼ
ݺͼǴţӹġ
һοͼʱޥһ֮
ͼй磬룬ɡδȥĵطԼȥˡ
¶Ц⡣

ޥɼ̤Ķ絺
ԶԶȥȽҶǸһܴ½ˡ
ɽܿկӣķݡ

ʱ㿴ΧബֻѲߡ
˵˳ɽկȥһ·ֹؿأկӡ
ɼ˳ӭȺǰ棬ޥӢ

Ӣò仯ҲյŮҲ˼ӵĸˡ
ǰ֪Ӣ֪ȥܴüۼҳյӰӡ

Ӣﲻ֪˭
ɼƽӢﱾǿĵӭ߸˸쳣òŮӡ
ӢĽŲͣɡȻЦߵǰ
ɼӺӣʮָˣӢһܱӵͷˣ
һһŮ࿪ȥסȡ
һڣܰһÿһƽ

ǸòŮһֱӢӢСһˣҲܵڡ
˵ɫҲʮ΢һڳơ󵱼ҵġˡ۾ȴòŮȥ
ӢҪڣɼѾӣӢ㿴˭
ӢɼǣĪʶŮӲɣ
òŮӺȻڣӢ㡣
էˣϲü֮£к᣺ң

Ӣɫ䡣
ϲãǱò԰ס
ޥ֣˺һ
ޥȻ

ɼȴǰһסӢļ򣬰οһ˫ŮǵãǵĹùãйùá
Сؿޥźùã
һùáޥᡣ
±˱ӣĨȥᣬӦˣʣһأ

ɼ˵ӣһŮ
Ӣˡ
ɼȺкҵùã
ޥѭȥ

ȺУһС߳
ûеܵõĻÿ֣ûʲô飬ЩĮûк˵ϲãֻɼŹѡ
ޥӡ

źɫͷ䣬Ըߣϣ˵ģ
ɼͷйùá
ҵʲôغùá
ɼǰҵҵĳӡ
ҵ̧ۡ
һ˫տ纣






256.   256    ҵ

256 

⺢ӵ۾, ޥʲôˡ
֣ҵͷһ΢Цúӡ
վֱ, Ӣ
Ӣﲻҿֻŵ档

û˱ޥӢʱľˡ
ϣӢ˾¼ˡ
Ӣޥ, һǰޥ°ء
һ, ֱʱʲôоţ

ޥ㱷, ǲ̫ˡ
ǵʱСվ, ƳסĸоһЩ
Ȼͷˡ
ʲôĻ£Ƶòѹ, ǰߡ
ʵֻҪ߹ЩͶȥˡ

ޥȥסӢ
Ӣ㡣ס, ɩɩžͺá
˺öˣˣҵˡ
綼, ̫ˡ
Ӣͬжһصļ۾, ᣬҲסޥ

˳ʮ꣬ߵһ̶֧Ը, ;˵˾Ƕңɽ顣
ӵǵһ, İ壬ǰһƱ
ұ¼ұΧġ׺ֵǶȥˣӢ
֯˱ŮֿҲѵʶǳ¡־£¼ȡ
ɼδ־Уָľֻɼˡ

ɼվû
Ƶһ̣Ӣ룬ҲԹҲԹ
¼ұҲûˣʵûˡ
ɼûԹ

Ӣﱻ°˴˺ؼҵݸݸ
ŮǶĲշֳ
·ϣݸݸӢˡ
ݸݸܲסӢһɡ

ҺһҶڵˡݸݸ˵ȵ˵ӣߣֻؿץۣˡͷûüȥӵˤûȥˡ

룬úѽʱ˾ͺˡаٻҵĹǶĽǧС˵
ʱҪˣܸɸɾġ˵ܸ͢ҵ캱˴ҼǰܿؼҵݸǸŮ

ݸݸעŮˡ
̾ϢţȰӢһ
Ӣﲻ˵ֻϡ
ݸݸ˵ڡ
վ˼£ϴ̫ߣҲ˦ȥ
ֺӢһ¡

ӢſǽݸݸıŰդƹȥ˸ᣬְͷȥ˵Һ
Ӣﲻ϶ʼޡ
ݸݸҺѽ
Ӣˡ
ݸݸ˫˿գظһС
ߣץϢһӡ

һκϵг̣ӢĻŲշﳱʪζݸݸͷ³ͷ
Ȼʵʬܿͱˡ
ʱӢͷԻڼװĲշҲ֪ҹ˷·һôãڵˡ

ŮǱ˨ɳһǣߡ
װˣǶŵźӢһŵˡ
ǽӵĲֹŮˣҲˣҲӢԭЩʲôãǣ߹װһ·ˡ

Ͷ״
ġ׳˱ǣһѵٸһ
ϻӵɱͶ״Ӵ˾ͳ˺
ϣɱ

Ӣľתͷȥϵǣǰߡ
ʱϤ˻ƣ󺰣ţһдˣã
Ӣٴתͷȥ

ǸƳſڵϴ󺰵ˣ¼ұš¼ֵܺʶֵġӢɼ񣬶ܶġ
һ̣ſڵ˻ΪԼȡĻ᣺һдˣãã

ѧʶһֲƸﶼá
ķŹߵһȥһȥ
һߣ򾾳һ׳˶²֣ãɱˡ
־һӢͻȻס
ɼ

ɼ˵ڵϵǸ
ɼЩ죬֪ļҾģ֮ˡ
ɼ²ȥ֣Ǹɡ붪˵
֪һ̧ۣڱסһŮУӢ

δ޸żװһǵ
ɼ䣬նͷ
ǲӵпڸɾ䣬һ֪ǸӡǴȲʡ
Ӣתͷ档
ӳǰߡ

кеСͷĿɼ˹ȥա
ɱ޹񣬽Ͷ״Ǵ
ȴӴԺҲʾˣҲؼ䣬ܼչ⡣
ɼˣͬˡ
ɼ᣺ա䣬ҽɽ

ǸڴϾռӢ˰Ӣˡ
Ǹͷ۾ķһӣϲȾƣҲϲŮˡ
կԽߵסλԽߡǸСͷĿɽ䷿ӡ
Ӣ£ϰ˱/ϰ˰

ϺëˣһϷ롣º˯Ӣϴӣľ赽Ժȥˮ
ɼϢس֣סӢ죬ľأҺýסˡ
ںڰжӡ

ҹɫ뿪ëķӣ㵽ɽʯ˵
ԭ˶ȱȥĥ־ɼֵúãŸոѳ˱СͷĿ¡

бĵɼ˵ӵĵȥ취
ǵд׼ʳ͵ˮկԵĸڡ̾¡
ҡҧ
Ӣˣкۼ
䱦һĹȴﱻ̣

Ӣͷţ
ɼȻˡ
Ӣȥˡѹֵؿޣȥˣûұ·ǣ˶ֻ࣬ˡ

Ӣһӹۿ
ԭˣԭˡ
Ӣﱧסɼ

ǰֻ͵͵ǣ֣һһûˣɼһӢ
ȻлԼʱ˶ܽţ±˿˱ŵشϽ˳

ɼƽһαסӢԼδޡ
ҹɫɽʯŮ֮¡
öΣǶ͵͵棬͵͵¡

ɼ׳ֺãųɻֵúܺãˡˡݡ
ŪһС壬͵͵ʳˮҲ˵ϵĸڡһҹڴӢҪ
ϧǻǱΧ׽סˡ

ɼһα˵ߵǰ
ë͵Ůˣ߳ŭҪɱɼ
ǺЦŮˣǺǰϷ롣
ʱɼڵѾʱգ˺ܶءһëս֡
죬г𱨳ԹԹֱһˣŵĲ׷Ρ
ǺϵĹء

ɼɱ˺ëҲ˵ߵۡ
ϲ䣬ӡ
ɼʼڵ˵λӢ˳سŮˡ

ʱӢѾˡ
ÿÿ죬ɼġ
գһҹһ۾ĺӡ
һ̣Ӣˡ

ɼż߽ȴӢǸĲϡ
뼦һأҲˡǸӱˡ
ӢɼסӢ˵ز㡣ﳣ˵䶼ףģƴǡ

Ӣˡ
ӺΪɽĳӡ
ӢȡΪҵ
ҵ䣬Ӣ˵һҵ






257.   257    ְ

257 

ȥ˵Щ, ޥʣӢҲ˵
ֻݸݸ¡
ޥĬܾãݸݸû°, ؼҸط캱û
ǧȥǱȢ¼ǵĽޡ
ӢĬ

Ӣޥסĵط
Ÿ
ʮǰžǸͷ, ʼˡ͵øͷȫ, Ҳ˺üšһޥֱ, ݺᡣ
ޥ, ЦޣЦźͷȫ˰
, ֿЦ

ʣô
ޥԭֻǳߣȴ, ͸ɩɩ㡣
ӢֻĬĬûжʡ

صԼУӢɼô£ô
ɼ¾ŭ
ˡ, ã޵ʲôƨˣ
ޥ´¸Ӣ

ӢԾķǵǸɣ
, ڵǸɼһǸˣ
˶ǡ
Լþ޸һˡ

Ӣؿڣ
ܲɼ, 
̾, йء
Ӣ죺磿ظ𣿡

ǡɼε޸ɺ󣬴һأԭΪˣû磬硭
ֽСȥ˵ȥ
ӢѾˣѳǰɡ
ɼ§סϹ롣

ûϹ롣ֲȥ¡ӢֻҾãδá
û취ɼ½쵰޴ȥˣȻֻܴڻˡĶǸˡиѡиˣôѡˡ

Ӣﲻ롣
Ȼ޸£ȷ⡣ޥһӵӵĻﶼ
ǲֻܺίί˵ŮеС
֧ţ塣

ɼȻʵи¡
Ӣʲô
ˡԺ˵ɡɼȴһûá
ӢﻹʣɼѾһѱȥ
ϷС࣬Ҳʤ»顣

ޥסһڶù緹߳ᣬɩɩȥ
լӵĸ֣½֮Ѱ˼ҵĸֲ̫һĵĽһãͬʱɺܶˡǸƽ̹Ĺ㳡
ֿʵЩƾȹ㳡ҲУҲ

㳡Щڲ浶ǹʮֺ£ɱ
ޥĿһ֪Ŀ֮֮ˣɱˡ
˴Ͼǣѡ

Ǻ˵ճ
ޥһȥͿԺ۾ĺǺʮͶ룬û
ޥһһԵıϳһӣȥϥǣϥٷȥ
ҵſùá
ޥͷӴٷŵͣôߣ˾Ϳ̲ȣֱӹ̡

ҵҪģֽһӴסˡ
ֻǸƵģֿ׼
ҵסλù˵ĵʽȻͬ
ʽ˫ɫ۾úܣĮСҲɶлùá

ޥҲÿһ£𶯡
ҵ
ޥȥ۾ţ㿴ģᶼɫ𣿡
ҵޱ飬ùÿǶǺɫ𣿡

ޥգգۣһĶͷɵ
ҵǳ¡
ޥȪݿܶͷͷ۾۾ģ۾úÿˣϧСһء
ЦҵС

ùõůЦҲ
뿪ʱҵе
ޥԿó̾һ
ӣСľӢ࣬϶¶Ҹ޾һŰŵġ
ҵȺУССͣǰһ㣬ûб顣
ĸ磬ҲЦġ

ޥҵͣ½[ֻͬ꣬һ¶ѡȣߡΪʮˡ
ҵëӶߣ˺˸Ӱ
ȻԼʲôˡ

ҵޥȥɼӢ
ӢںСŮԷɼСӡ
ޥһ᣿
ɼջСʱһ͵һС
ޥ
Ӣݸ
С׻ŰЦ

Ѱ̻˼ҡ
ֻҵ̻֮⣬
ޥƳһۣаҵҵתת
ӢﴹۣŮ͡
ɼãﶼʶġҵ˳ײ˹ùá
ҵǡ

ޥҵɽɽ䡣
կӣβͬʵϺ;к֮ܶͨˣϤС
կе˲ȫˣҲˡ˺ͺëˡҵ۾۾ĻѪӣޥ˺ü˿
ҵЩͬࡱĺҲ׽ЩƺЩ

ޥСھﳤһס
ȺĺӣǺױԵĺ۸ġ
ҵͱĺģһǽֹʤˡ

ޥ˺ܶط˷ӣأ˺͸ۿڡ
ЩȻһ·ˣվڰƻޥס
ʱҵĻŶһ㡣
ԺҲҪԼĵԼĴ
ޥͷ֣ȥɡ

ҵ֣Щԥ
ޥֱǣס֣ǣߡ
ҵʱرĹ˳һԵǣš
ޥϤС
Ҳģ̫ˡ
ĸ磬㿴ӡ

ȥˣ緹ҲˣһһԷ
ҵҲλӣޥףֻڷϲ
ޥԶĲ˸һۡ

صԼûһӢˡһһ̧
ޥʣʲô
Ӣ˵˵ߵüû͸ˡҸЩ
Ӵ򿪣޳У鱦λ
ޥҼճ·ˣס
Ӣء
ɼҲˣԸ

ڶһ磬ޥһͿ۾ĺ۰Ͱ͵š
ޥʧЦ֣ôô͹ˣ
ҵǰҿùǴǹġ
ϰ˽
ޥˣùùָ㣿
ҵͷ

ޥֻ˳ֶѣָָȭŹ򣬱ҵ츳
𶯡ù㡣¡
ҵȻǲ£ҲֻùùһͨС겻ͨ졣

ޥȴΪȡ
ޥȥɼҵǸøء
ɼǣǱҺá
ޥʹˣлûˣԿʼѧǹˡ
ɼȴ˵

ޥʣˣ
ɼ̾˿ɩӲҽǹ
дУʹ˵ġ
¼ѧǹΪ·˰ǹ¼ҡ
ѧǹΪ¼Ů

ʵҲѧ
Ϊ·˵Ĺϵγ֮ޥ游̫͸˼ĹأŮҲѧǹҴѧӴ˴вŮϱ

ޥʱ˵
ӢҲټǰˡӢҵӢǰӢﶼĥ
ҽ̰ҵɡ
ɼʣɶ
ޥĸһҵ

ɼߣҵвУ
ޥŭҵﶼޣ˵У
̧·ˣɼ㬣̰ɡ
ޥͷҾȡ֮ǰ̳

ɼӢ˵٣ߡ
ӢͻѾǷޡ
ɼ޵ޣҲˡ

ӢҪôܲܲɢǷޣްɡ
ôСɼǼ١˾ˡ
Ӣ󾪣
Ǻɼ硣
ﶼˣֲˣΪ磬ɼΪԼְִ
Ȼ쾭塣






258.   258    

258 

ޥҵҵ, һ׵
ҵȴû˵
ޥ죺㲻ѧҵĵܺõġ
ҵʣǲﲻѧҵǹ

ޥʱʧ
ҵǸСӡ͵ʱڸأ׽ºϺ, ûɹӵ££дţ֧С
ҵȴƵ, ʲôס

ǰ½˸߹ޥ, ½߰ʱˣۡ
ޥܾǿ, Сڿʵ
, ȷǡۡ

ϲֻСһֱޥҺǹ, ҲǹǹʵҵģҲѧȥ
ô׵ĺ, ޥҲƭ
֪㲻ģǰɣ
ҵͷ׵Ǻëˣҵɱ

ޥһӸԼҪ˵ʲô, ˶ˡ
ҵԭùò֪
ޥûӢҵôģ˫۾֪ˡֻ벻, ҵ׵Ϊɼɱ벻¾ȻΪҵ֪
㶵ʣ㡭ô֪

Ҷ֪ҵȻ˵, ս֣ӮˡӮ, Ů˺ͺӶ
ޥ飬ȻùǴ½ϵˣ½ϲģ԰ɣ϶ġ

˵ʮȻƺûоʲôԡ
ޥ֪νϡʵָǡϵĺǡҲЩСЩСܳҲѧϰܵĻҲ̡ʵϣֻںŻԭʼġǿʳĻ
֪˵ʲô

ҵʣùøղ˵ʲô
ޥ룬벻ղõ˵ˡ
̾˿˵Ҹ˵׵øҴġ
ˡҴ֣ҵԸнţʣѧ𣿡

ޥҴѧ˵ǲ⴫ġ
ҵ촽
۾ÿգˮ
ޥѹϽ˵ֶ
ҵ۾ʣǹø᲻
ᡣޥ˵øҡкӡ

ҵ
ޥҵĵô˴ȥġֶҲֶáǺܺãѧĵúˣ֪һˡ
ùáҵޡ
ޥȥס

ҵãȻޥúõ˵ŵ£ô
ԥһ£ѧŵܵƽӢֱۣסޥͷùã
û¡ޥû¡

Сǰʧˡ
Ҳܵ°
ҲûкӣЭ[[һһõĺӡ
ĸûС
ĸûС

ҵһĮСȫͬȴһ
ޥ侫µף˵кӡʱѹͻȻӿһʱ侹ûˡ

ޥĨɾͷ⺢ӣøջҵĵͽҵҪס
ҵͷ
ޥĨһվݸ㿴

Ժıϱеޥ˿вͬҲáޥִ˵˸ʽ̧ۣƱ㲻һ
ҵ󿪴ϣͺ£ҵ۾գˡ
ޥһ˵˵ѧ𣿡
ҵʹͷ
ޥЦЦȽһʽ

ֶԺһһʱҵѧúܿ죬һʱĹѾѧǰʽ
ݱϣֶ˺ձСޥøԽͺˣɺˡ
ҵ̲סʣø𣿡
ţˡޥ΢Ц

ҵϲùЦģʣԺܼø𣿡
ޥҲ֪ھأеԶ
ҵеʧ
ޥͷ˶٣˵øе񡣡
ҵ΢

ޥЩȱΪݣѰ˶ɼһ
ҵ촽
⸱飬ƻ
Щ˵ġޥҵƾŹͷԣ˺ܸߵλӡЩٱɼǰһҪͷҪЦֺ

ҵ۾ø
ԡøֶ˼
ޥͷһߣҪֿĵطҵȻסùã

ޥվס
ҵøء
ޥĿ
ҲûΪݡҵʵҵģֻ

ϣѪĺв٣ѪĴҲࡣѪ⵺ϣϡ档
ͬһŮĺӲͬףҲǳϵĹأŮ˹ˣӾҲˡŮǲûжԲͬ˵ĺӱ㲻ͬԴ
ԣû˲ģֻӢһˡ

ùãҴȥԶĵطҵ˵
ޥƬ̣ŵá
ҵСѵ¶Цݣˡ
ޥһֱıӰʧ

ޥڵϣһֱҵ
Զ·̵ĵطԶûȥˡ
ϵ£ޥģҲҵ͡⵺ûв֪ġ
Ҳĵط

½ж󣿡ʣ˵ܴж絺ô𣿡
ޥһٸֹȥĺͼ㿴ֻǴ½ıذˣ
ҵȻҪ㳤󣬵ȵʮ꣬ͿԸˡ

ϵﶼûеĺӣͳһɽŵĴǷԣǹ򣬴Сɻʮܸϴˡ

ȥأȥ
ޥĬ
⼸ѧĵǣÿ˶Լ֮
ɼΪ֮ˡҵСĺӣδҪġ

Щڵϣ׺ܶࡣ
ϵʿֵףɼڵùģʽ絺гЧ
ޥҲף⵺ԵжŮ١
סɽϵ˴Ůˣɽ˶ûСΪŮǺģرȱҽҩĵطῴĴֻֻЩ˵ģҽͷʹȵġ

ɽŵķӡ
Щй¶۾ӣЩ涼Ůˡ
ЩûŮ˵ĺɫʱֱȥ
ޥ߹ʱĺɫʱ֣ǿ񶼲̫ԡ
ҵͷСӣŵȵҵã
ǲηջĿ⡣

ޥȥɼϵŮˣǽ𣿡
ɼ̾˿ҵңûȥϽӹŮˡֻһЩҵĶˡ

絺һǧˡɼһˣܸıϼʮĹء
ҾĹذǴЩŮˡ
дŮ˴úݵģŮ˸浽ģ͸Ů˻ˡ
ޥĬã˵ͷ

ڽ½дֻص絺
ͷ˻ɼޥˡ
ޥʵûбҪһ̽׵˰ˣӢͺǣ꣬Ҫؾȥˡ
ץʱѻҵ̸ҵˡ

ɼƺܿ£֣صؽܸ֪ޥӡ
̬ˣޥҲֻ֣Դ
ĪװգĸֵǶޥʶ
ܾɼҲһ̬
ȻʵޥôԼȥ֮ЩٲнˣɼƬģޥ»ůġ

ٽأϲաɼΪޥ˼ơдޥϲ͸ġд衣
һһдٺӡ̬ȾͲһˡ
һɱ¶ͤʮ˵ҲˡկҲԽԽ˺ӡ

ޥĸҲǺصġ
ٷˡ
ɩɩ
ӡʱ򣬸ȫһ
ǿǲһġ

ʱһ
Ҳ׼̻Сһ
ҵرޥһ֪رõλãϷŵЩ̻

֣ҵǣּװǷſ
ޥʶСӵĻ˵ƣͺһֱǣš
󣬵е̻˵ʱҵǷſ֡
ùãҪȥҹø˰ɣʡ

Щ죬ޥޥȥ˽⺣ϵ֮ܶͻͽ
ޥ·ݴĸְ
ùøůӵͷǣ΢Ц˵
ҵسЩ¶ȣҲ֪ޥջ뿪ΪޥԼġ
øڼء˵ҾҪˣ֮ǰһҪѻҵѧá

ҵҲҪȻװѧϹùüա
ϲסûѧùùþˡ˭Ļᣬ˭Ͷءְֵؽ̵
Ȼûбûһùôء
ҵúõѧҵø
ˣŲ˹ùá

ޥɫ۾ѹ
ޥͷ
ҵͷȥãȴ̧ͷޥ˵һ¡
ùãɽµкܶûеĺӡ˵͹øûкӣԴߣǵĺӡ

˵⻰ʱ򣬻ֱֱؿޥտ۾¶˿
ߡ
ܲܣҲң






259.   259    

259 

ʼ, ޥһ
ǹ꣬ȵĲȥӢ˵
Һɣкӡɩɩ, ǶӡɩɩңҵҰɡ

Ӣʣģ
ޥ˵Ц
۾Ӣɵ, ߵﶼᱻ˿ɣ
/Ϲ֮, ٶСݡܵǿ˵ġ, òƵҲˡ俴Ϻëòƹ

ޥԵ֡
ڲͬ, ڱ𴦶ᱻΪ࣬ڼԺᡣ, ɩɩ֪ģԺ, ʵġ࡯

ޥӢЩʱԺ鲻ԽҵϼԺĺɫҷɫģ
ŻҵһһС, һɫϵģ鲻Խؾ¶Ц⡣
Ӣ, ܸоҵġ
Ӣá

ޥӢﶼ벻ޥµģʹɼҲһġ
ɼӢ֪, Ŵȵ㿴Ҿ˵ɣ㿴Ҫӣ
ӢĶԷ޲Ҫӡ
ɼ԰Ҹ˲кˣһ, ĺӣֻܱ˵ģ
ӢﴹͷҵҪܸߣҲһԵ
ĸǽѡ

ɼҲãǾðҵԺߡ
ֻû˵ޥߣߵȥ
£ʹһġ

׻һס
ޥҪӣΪһŮˡ͸һˡ
һҴޥ֪£ɼĳۡ

ߣޥɼһ֪ҵ̵ʱҵ㱻ϲȥ
Ժ͸Źùáɼùȥȥ
ҵѹסӦǣ

ʮ壬ޥɼؼҵҪ
ɼһʮ꣬ôߣ
ޥϯɢǰ㲻װģز𣿡
ɼϻʱŶ󣬻ӿˣвУҶûϴˮ£
ޥðɡҸûؼˣŪֻҡ

ɼȴٵȼա
һѹڷʹֻԱĽڡ
ޥվǲЩģˡ
ɼ׸磬׽ǸСͲɼ׷
ط꣬ɼ֪ҲûΪ͸ȥ
ĸ磬ʲôġ

ɼûлģһƬΪúõĺġ¶˾ģޥѡһˡ
ޥϵһµף̡
ޥľкüֻǳԾ
ɼֻһ·ˡ
ޥ絺ЩϰĶҪЩװ
ɼǻ˳Ѷȥ½
ޥˡ

ҵΪҪȥǣøžֵۣʰ˸Сޥ˴
ޥӢ
Զͨ㣬ֶ⣬һ𣬿δټˡ˶ᡣ
ֱСֶСֶŮޥ˴ź˺Զ
ɼԺܼġ
ޥֻǰο

ޥ뿪絺գӢӱĸ˿©Ŀڷ硣
ʲô󾪡
Ǹ˵ǸæҲֻ˵һ䡣
ӢＸɼţ֪ǸʲôƢ𣡡
ӢﻹǵãСʱж

ȻѾ뵺ˣ׷Ҳ׷ϡ߱׷ˣܸıɼľ
ɼЩһ·ߵ죬ʹӵѵɱ˵һĵˡײı䡣
Ӣֻܸż
ʱߵȻá

ɼȻڣϻءӢʶĶ֣Эϵĺ񣬵ֲ֡Щ±˾ʹ˵ģµȴ֪ͨӢ
Ӣ죺ߵ

ߵǶһĴڡ
ɼˡ¶ͤˣٻнн飬ӣ˴֮Щ
ߵǶ˵ģû֪ߵĴ󵱼ҵʲôˡ
ȻҶɵߵʮˣްܼںߵϵģ֮ء
żģߵװѵأԵĵͬж಻ͬҲ˵ֻ򺮲

ӢԾǣߵͻȻãݷɼˡ󵱼ҵá
ǲޥߵ֪ޥˣ
ǣǹŹ֡Էʮֿ漰ӣţҪɩӳ
Ӣ½󣬵

ߵ˵ȷŹ֣һ£űһɱ֮С
ĴɱʱҲϵͬɫĽӺֵҰˡ
ӢԷͷ֮˱վ񣺡ˣ

أߵͳ죬Ҽҵ֮ݻ󵱼Һ͡ȣӡ
ղѾӡ֪ޥûб¶ݣҲ
ӢʣͳСʶ
㣬ֹʶͳ¶ЦݣӺߵԨԴء

ͳصӿɻڣҽϵظϹɱѾȥ˰ɣڣ
Ӣصļһۣڵˡ
ͳЩʧûϡѾ½ȥ𣿡
Խޥ½ϣһݹء

Ӣԥһ£˵ʵСáȥˡ
µͳסˣʲôף
һҫǶ絺͵ϵҪΪ׼ˡ
ɼ¶ͤ⼸׳ףӴ˶ˣⶫܺɨһƬ

ߵͳ㶵أ˭˭ף
һȻǶ絺ӣ͵ϵ´󵱼ҡ
£ǵɼޥ˽£ǵ絺Ĵġ˶֪
ֻɼ˵ѾͷģȲ
ӢͲй¶ˣҲӢӢǵǶ뵺ˣŴ

ͳ죬ŶسǣǶҪˣ궼Ҫˣ
ΪԼأû뵽Լˣ
ˣͲûȥˣֱι㣬ñȽʹ㣡

絺ߵͳЦʧһò԰ûѪɫת
ֱӰ˵
һҲѸ٣գ//ţ

ȹҪӾµö࣬ɱҲ󡣵ǳɱߵ䱸ǼͷĵĽߵװһ˵Ȼ鴫
絺ҲǾþսسһεҲһƬελεĵⷴһƬ
´˲ýţһ

ʲôˣ˭ҰӼˣسһһż˷裬ߵͬⲻͬ⣡
絺ˣ

һֱΪޥǹѸġ
һ⣬ֻû˵ĹѸԴҶĬǹѸ
ɼĬ˴ҵĬϡ
˵¶ͤȢѾþ޸¶ͤһͦõġ
򶫺һģ¶ͤɼΪᡣ⼸ͷҲͣ档
ϵ¶ͤͶ絺ɽãôŵԣɲŮòʮֵذ䡣

Ӣﵽʱܲɡǰһʣͳ죬˵ߵСãǺιϵ

سǿԼ侲
ݣҲ÷֪ӣߵĵҷˣǴ󵱼ңӵķ
£ߵͶ絺һҡɭȻ£ԲסˣҲˣߵ²ڡ






260.   260    

260

ޥڴҲˡ
˼, ҵȻ˵ùãϹҺ񡣡
ޥ죬˲շһ, ڹҺ񣬸øҪϲƵġֵʣǸʲô
ҵ鶼Щ֧֧ᡣ
ޥ, ֱȥɼ

ɼһ棺Ҿ޸¶ͤ
ޥסΪԼ, ɼ˵һ飺¶ͤǰǸɱʮˡ
ޥ, ʣɵˣзġ

һ뵽ޥͻޣɼӦ
ɵˣĸ, 㻹ĸԸɼŭ, ǺϣıٴҲ׷ġʲô½ҡ, ˣ¿ʼúùӣ

ң¶ͤᡣѱ, ȴ񶫺ΨһˣǸ
Ҳ, Ҳ󡣡
֮գȢҲǿ˺ܾãҲԼҵϵ, վûбȵġ
˵Լҵϣ˵ÿ, վ磬һ˶һ࿹ģЩϼһ

ɼǺúø㿴ˡǶ絺ĴС㣬ŵԣ䣬ı¶ͤ
Ҹ̸ˣɾӭȢޡ
㿴ĴװĶҸļױ޹ȥж絺ί
½ңʹڸʶ֡½Ҹô㣬۸ۼССףǵŵԣ

ޥţɼЦġ
ޥֻӺġ
˵һ顣ҧз

ʲô˭ˣɼŭȥˣи˵ûͻģһûиĸ֮ûý֮ԣýϰˡޣϲˣ
ֻɵӣ½Һͻĸˣ㣬Ӳϣ
ջ½ĶȥúúһŮ˼ң޸ˣӣ

ޥŭƾʲôң
ƾ磡ɼ粻㣬㣡ﲻˣҸ

ɼ˵ԭҲû
ޥͻ׮£¼δͬ⣬ȷǹϡɼȥ˾ܽ˾ӮһЧޥҡ

ɼҲԼˡ
Ůû˷ң˵׸磬岮ڽûˣгҲȨټޡ
Ů˵ĻŮԼûʸ룬˽鶨ˣٸŮһС
ɼֻǸԵЩٵʱˣŽޥ֪

ֻʵ֪ޥǸһľԼףʮƥҲ
˵һۣѾͷһܵɳȥˡ
ֻҪƹֻ
ӳɳˣ͹Թˡ˴ε¶ףѡļңļҡ
ţȥ˵ϵ˵ҷˣˣͻ׸ΪһƬġ

ɼ˵е
Ȼеġ˼
񷨣һŮûзʱĹȨ
ֻޥãľ

Ц
֮أ֮ˣҽˣޥֻû֮桭ǿЦ֮
֣Ѿҧгݡ
һγذף

ɼ󾪣
ʲôޥΪҪԾ
ɼ벻鶢

ޥȴذףɸҵģһֱϣɲΪ˱Ƶ˶Լ
һ˦͡һذľذû룬ֻʣɼ
Ϊ˵˱ʱ

ɼﲻǴ񷨹ܲĵطڳֳݾҪڲΣ
ֻ˵һ飬з
ɲˣҵˡ

ɼ
Ȼˣ㲻úˡвȱһ·֪࣬ĺã֪ҵĿɹ󡣡

Ҫ뿪ɸļˣǣ磬ǾԿ
ѵʲô޸֮Կ
бھҵֽŽŮһ㰲š㿴ҵǹ

ޥת뿪
ɼ㣡бԼλȥȻҿȥ
ӣ
òתȦһ̧߷һӡ
ŵذף

ãڵˣ
±˷λ
ɼ޵ͷ
֪ޥƢ֪һ֣Ҳû뵽϶˻ġ
治֪һ˸ʲôԻһ˲úõŻʵۣҪӣ
ʵɺޣ

ʣм֧ӣáõĴӦڸɣ
Ƕ
ɫ󵱼ң
ɼ̾һִⲻϣȰȰܲȰöֻһȰֻܸ¶ͤˡ
µ¶ͤɲǸġ
ǡɼ԰ѴӶԤһ

һԲϷɱҲܶࡣ
¶ͤǺġ
ɽҲĴġ
νȲƱ

ҵÿޥķţޥڳĬĥǹ
ޥһֱȰûôģ
ùáҰ㡣
ޥƳһۣŵϵģǱذסû˵ĥǹ

аƬ̡
ҵùãģϵ˶ĻġˣǱɱ˵ġ
ޥ֪ġڵ㷢ˡ
󵱼֮£ʮãÿַ档
ǵλڶȴȶᡣҲʮ꣬ȴʮġ

ޥʡ
˲֪Ϊʱ򣬵Ϸѣɼ˵ҲҪԱ
Ŀ϶ҪɱϼһڵϾӪʱվãȻǲġɱˡ
Ժλ˲ᡣ

ޥЦ˵Ҿǲģɱҡ
ҵȻɱùãԸƢء
ͣͣοޥùãܹøջ£ؾǻȥϵҶ㡣

ޥЦ
˵˵øջֻôһøбĹø
ҺøԼͬˣҲֻһջøбĹø

ôأҵøڴ½أںϣøҲû취ɡ
˵ޥȴҿŰɡһʱû취Ҳ
ˣҿţøô裡

ޥǰ޻衣
ɴʱоҪ䵽һľأƵһĳ̶ȣԭĲһǲеġ

ҵֻصɼѧࣺù˵øԼͬˣҲֻһջĹøбĹø
ɼץϵıӺݺڵˤ飺ʲô⣡
ղ߷ӣѾһףǲŻϵµģˡ

ҵһصƬƤˡ
ɼյСӺ˵ʲô
ҵùùأôܵǵϵŮԴأ

ҵĻɼһ
ʵδܹ񷨵ѬգСǿʳ档
ϵŮܶ඼ķޣ½֮ϸסֳԼеŮӵеȨ⣬ޥһǹ˹ΪɼÿŵϵŮأ
˼άȫܵһ
ɼҲסˡ






261.   261    

261 

ϵĹ, ̤Էĵ
˴˼ȱΣྯ裬, һм亣Ѱһɡ
¶ͤɼĵصҲΪʲô֮ǰгͻԭ
ν, ӭױѡм

ۿһվҪԼ֮ˣɼһ˵ޥ
һ̤ޥĲշ¡
ޥһһ, һЮŷХɼۼֿؽס
ذ֮ɼõӵ, ͡һذ̫, ͸˵棬ЩɼıǼ⡣

ɼջ, µӣܲܺú˵
ޥۿ
ɼһ˵ٺú룬޹ȥ, ͸ɩһǵϵĵҷˡ絺ң¶ͤί
Ҹļױ, ֹǼϵĶдʹϵ, ȥ
£ʵŵˡҲǸѡˣ¶ͤڶ, ʵǺ
ǹʲô

ǾͿ쵽𣿡ޥЦֱȥɱ¶ͤˡ
ɼ, Ѿϰߡʮ֮յ·˵Ѷ׼̫㣬Ѿû̵ĸܡ
ޥ·ôġգǹ˼ɽҶϣޥʱɱ¶ͤˡ

ɼƬ̣ڰ
֪ˣյˣ޾Ͳްɡǹ£ȥ¶ͤ˵
ޥʣ󷴻ڵ£Ҫô˵
ɼô˵ȭͷ˵
ϵĹأ˭ȭͷӲ˭ĵ죬˭˵

ԼĵطԼмλõһеˮ˵СĿȥܿͷ
˾סȴǲ䵭ˮĲأҲ˴ªͷ
¶ͤӭ׵ĵĴȵˣϵĴӴƸŽͼױ
˾ͷϣɼ´

֣أ¶ͤӭȥ˼ۣʡ
ɼɾֿˣƺˡ
ɼ̧ͷ죬ȭ񣬵´󵱼ң°顣
¶ͤҳȢһ²ŵȵֵĴ𸴣ϲʤҪʲôĪƸˣûϵٵ

ɼⲻ´󵱼ҵ⣬ҡûʵз
¶ͤе⣬ҲΪޥǹѸʵ˵ŮˣԼܣ
ⲻʲô£ȻɼǺ֪ģɼҪʲôϵɱ˱ǡ

ɼ̾ԼԸ⡣
¶ͤ˶٣˵ЦˣãԸˡ
ԸҲûáԸĻǲСɼ´󵱼ңòãɽⲻǡЩ
ɼָԼĴӣԭǸ׼ļױԸޣ󵱼һֻɣҸ󵱼ҵ񡣡
¶ͤȻɫ
ˣ¶ͤأɭȻǶû˸ôҡ

ɼ֪ûˡҲ壬ںǸ½ȥɻǡ
´󵱼ʸĳǸĳˡܴ󵱼ʲô˼һ㡣ɼֵ£͵Ϊֹˡ

¶ͤ󵱼ĪǾþͿôˣ
˻һϵ˲һƬѰʡ絺˵Ҳס˵
ɼôţҲˣǸҲˣ󵱼һҪĳ˵ɣ
¶ͤ󵱼ҵأԺ󻹵أýɩعѡ󵱼ֻҪ£Ƹ񾡹ܴߣױҲԲҪԺǾɾˣһڶߡ

ɼҪ˵һݣ󳷡
¶ͤͬʱ󼱳
͡һһ۵糸㣬˶м䣡˶һǱģޥǸ÷ǹ
ǹδƤԭľУǹԲ

ת̧ͷȥ
ƣޥվڸ߸ߵĴϣ°
ӣ¶ͤ۾һ
´󵱼ҡз㡣ޥȴ
¶ͤ⻰ģǳȢ㿴ô죿

ޥ½ˣҲ˵ǺϵĹءȻ´Ҳܴɹʶ簴ǺϵĹ
ɼһ˲õԤУȵ
ޥûĿЩˡ
´󵱼ңҲҽҵ֣

ͷϾһ˲
ɼȵ˵˵
ãֺޡһŮ˼ңΪʲôͲʵʵլﲻŲ£ú˵Ļأ

¶ͤЦˡ
˵ЦأʲôֲֵģǶ˵¡ӺҵĻ£һǸ˵ɡ
¶ͤޥ㺦һŮˡ
⻰̫ˡ¶ͤɫѿӿ֪ʲô֣

֪ޥ죬г𱨳ԹԹֱһֻ һ˻
¶ͤ㲻𣿡

Ŀ֮£ޥƵϣ¶ͤٲӦˡ
ҧЦʵڽϲӽҽӣҾͽӡӷģҶӵ

ҵվޥԣֻСϵסˣ˿
ùã
ޥƳһۡ
ˣ͵øߡ˳Ҵ

Ҳȥġ
ֻ˭ңʵɺޡ
̲ȥˡ

ޥԾ´ϣϣͷȥ
ҵŴϽŵؿš
һܻȥԼĵҲ׷ȥˡ

ս¶ͤ֡
ӭ״Ӻ״ӵĺܶ˶´ΧˡˮǰϹػ˶ľ֣ȵúܡ
ɼɫ
̯ôһʵоٺüꡣ
ƳһԼˣȺĵ˵ͷɫ˳ȥ˴

¶ͤȡ˱С
ı˫ֵ⵶ԳͨĵҲһЩҪ˫֡
תУ£Ȼһޥۡ
ɲǼ䵶նǰ

÷Ƶǹסһնޥѹȥ
󷭣ǹɨ¶̡ͤ
Ƶ¶ͤòصס̣һ棬ѾĲ졣
¶ͤǿڳˣʵǸӲӡ
ޥǹֽ˽


ڵϵ˷ĺȲʱڴֻϵҲſڴϱۿ
ֻǶ֪һֶ絺ѾˮǱ˵ϵĴֻԣŴêԮ
ſڴϹۿˮֵ֣ĹâһһҲһĺȲ
ֻȻˡбٵǵĺ


¶ͤһǹѪӿ
ס˿ڣ̧ۿޥ׹⡣
˵ȻţȻԲԵñȳԱˣ˼/
¶ͤޥɱˣҲû뵽ޥǹ˹ӲޥƵһ㡣
·ϲѪս˵һĹ˵ۣޥȥ

ޥ۾ĵ棬۾ֻ¶ͤĵ档
ǹ/˳ȥ
һǹѾꡣǻѪһ˱ǹ
ڹȥһֱλͬȵĵλ
ʵίˡ
ԳѪ֮󣬾Ͳίˡ
ޥǹ¶ͤؿڡ

֣һһ
¶ͤޥһŮˡϲŮˣȴûŮˡ
ޥԤԼ
֮䣬֮壬֮
ɼһƣ絺˱𣬰εɱ¶ͤһŮֵ֮ĵϵˡ
Ѫɲʱ㽦˺





262.   262    ȡ

262 

ޥǹ, ١
¶ͤʱ䲻ܳļȫͶУܷһʱеãȻ
ֱ˾ٵ, һǹˡٶһһƬɱУҵȻҲС
˰С, ԵĴ׽ɱʱ, ûȥһûɱ˺ü

תɱԼͬ, һӣ㽫ĵķ, һŽ߷ɡ
ҵڵϹ˹Ѿǰ, ̵߸߾𣬾Ҫ£
ҵͫ
һɹ, ᴩ˲Ѫ䡣
ҵһùã

ޥγԼǹ, ҵԼǹɨһƬ
սܿͽˡ
ϵĴֻѾĹռ, ϵͷĿҲɱʣµ˿ƣͶˡ
ײˮ, ԭҲںͷ˭˭ԣ˭Ů, ͸˭
ʹЩ˿Ѿüˡ

ɼһѪʣû°ɣ
ޥʣô£
ɼ̾ô¡¶ͤɱˣһôţ
ޥĿ
ʧʧɼȻȻǳûµϵˡ

سǷƵ׷ˮϵʱӭ״Ӻ״Ӷʧˡ
µĺۼдƬİɫسˣһס߻һЩʬûԵк˸ƻˡ
سʶ絺ͬ׵ģѰģ
ҲԾġǴ󵱼Ҳǿã¾Ľףĵġ

һǳ˱ʰ
絺λֱϣ¶ͤɣٽ֮ԼǴ󵱼ң󵱼Ҵˣ
¶ͤɺ㸹ԩûȥ
ֻںϳڷģСߺڳԺԭǳ̬ɼҲгһ㸹׼ 

ȻһжϣȴǵóһȷĽۣޥɼţϵȥˣ
سޱĺ棬̾һ
ߣȥϵ
ޥɼ֪ǲǻţǣ¶ͤ

ɼȥµϵޥҵڵˮϣֺʳһС
һս˭ҲԤʤŮ˺ͺȸͬȥȫ
ޥʲôҲ˵ֻʬϲɾǹѪƤɼ
ɼûë
ǣ׹ܲסˡ

ҵչҽɱ˺ü
ǵһɱˣȴСûоηɱֻƽѡ
۾ƽʱϵĺӴʮŸſʼɱˡأѾȱ˿һ
ޥƳ⺢һۡ

ԣҲϣһڰȵĻгÿﱳľѧãдֱʫϰҲԣǴСɱɱ
˵ĳʱע˺ܶࡣ
ޥۿ⺢ɱˣȻɱرͱʱֱȴ˻ȡ

ޥһɱ˵ʱ򣬶о޴ҪþһϵĿ
ҵûС
ҵôƽɱˡ
ӣע˲ǹƽܰӵˡ

ޥҵջǶ˴һͬϵˡ
ɼû취
ǹ¶ͤʮ˵ֻ˵ֻɱ¶ͤȴǴۼ֤ˡ
˿񶼲һˡһӡеø⹧

ϵŵƽʣһأ󵱼ҾȻҪȢޡ
ϵ˻ŮˣӡҲѵõϲ¡
رǣ󵱼ҪȢǶ絺ɽãݣԺ֣Ժɨɽˣ󵱼ҽֶ絺Ҳǲһ롣

صӣ󵱼ӭҲûˡȻһգд
󵱼ҵϲ£СͷĿǶӭˡ
ǴԽԽÿ϶ź񣬽һ;ϲġ
ϵ˵ࣿ
˵ɵӣ絺ܲױޣ
˵Թԣֱʣɽ

ӽӽܿ崬ͷЦŻƵģϵҲ崬֡
Ȼӽһ֮أ߶һ䡰󵱼¶ʱ򣬲ڴµĹһ֮ˢˢվˣ
ϵһ֮£󺰣ãթ
ѾļϾ͵һƬ

һС屻ӸɳĴº˸ߵˮ
ǷٵصµСϣŽʻϵ
ɳ塢СͽֱӿľһɱǱ

Զ֧·ϣޥ֪˴еʵĿģŭܾʱɼԤε²ˣѾȥټںϡɻĴӡ
ڴϹѹڻ£絺˵½˵ϵ
ɱ졣

ޥǹ͸һˣתŻس۾ţЩСһͷĿˣǹһɱ˹ȥ
ɼ·Ͼ˵ʵҪ˭춼һġϵϣ˵ǰ絺²ȥء
Ҫɱ졢ͷĿ

һ·֪ɱ˶ˣɱկ˻ҡޥٿؿȥһɫľݺӣ׼ӡ
ޥһǹǰˣϣض·ϵ·ˣֻսһš

ޥһǹ/˵ʱսѾӽβ
ϵûվָӴֵʱආǱ㶼½еˡ
ɼ˵ϵʮæµȰѵ´ԷϵĴӷأȻʰկ棬˶Ůˡ

ޥһֱǹ
ֱҵһᵶҸ¼ŸѪܵͷ
ޥһ飬
ҿǹùɱġ˵ǵϵĶҡҵҰͷùţɲñð˹
ð£ھޥİԭҲ
ޥǣҪ⹦ʲôã
ҵȻáҪ۹͵ġ
ޥȻס

˼գдӽӽٵϵɽ˲
ֻûϵĴһִŶ絺ģһ֡
˶Ծߵ

سǻһű׳ģѾĴ㣬ϲϵϵΪ絺ᡣ
ޥȻֱˣˣ
ޥԾسǣ
ɼԾߵ

سͬĶ絺ò˼飺󵱼Լݶû壿ֳᡣ
ӾȻߵĵҷˣҪ֪¶ͤҲȢɼҲܽټޡ

ɼ˵ʲôأֻۡ
׵·ϣޥǺϣıٴҲ׷ġ˼Ҿ׷ˣ
ߵ˽һɫ£ж򣬱װ侫ɼҲװףⲻǵ⡭Ǳ

ɼʵһֱҲ
ֻ£ҪͶԴ̫޴󡣺Դޣɼ⼸ЧԼľгЧҲȷڶվһֻߵһȣƾ

ޥʱѾˣԭߵ𣿡
سǵǡ
һأޥҪʲҪ˵
ޥʱף·ںϣԭǶϺպߵ

ʵϡ棬·ԭǻģţģҲժӣ·ֵġߵںϣѾӪʮˡ
ţΪԼôõ·
ûϡ
ִʲôʱأ






263.   263    

263 

ɼʮֵصۡ
о仰, зݡҹϷһһ֧ӣͬʱмǴǶҪһġ
µϵ, 絺ɽһҵ¡ȹסˣٰһ䣬絺͵ϵ֮, ԭƬΪĺһƬˡ

˭֪ߵͻȻðˡӴĴӾͣڰߡ
Φɳͷĸ, ɵɳһҳп
СϵͶʯͲ˵, Ͼдȴɱ
ߵ˶ıǮ
һ֧δȫµϵʱˣȻ׿ֻȥ

سǷ󵶱ˡ
ɼء
, سǾס໰ҧгݣүĸ, ˡ
ɼ֪ԭΪӸ˺, ˵ƿأʵ벻־쵽

ʲôأޥûص˵˻
سǵ֪, ǺϵĹأзݡߵ, ֶܲܿ顣
ҡسˣ˿֪ЩʲôĵӣҹجΣμإһ, Ժɹ̫̫ˣɹͷƤۡ

Ȼѷ, ж֪ˣ²ҪˡسһƣЩ⣬ն֪µʱŭԼ֡
سǴˣ

ޥҲ£ľһֵˣοɾˡ󵱼Ұ˷ʲôҲ֮Źǡ
ɼõ
ȻŮ򣬸첲գ

ޥˣسǸ޹˼ɣɼּۻ
ޥΪ泶Ƥ˭Ҳɿڣ˭ҪΪԼһ
ޥרע

泶Ƥʱɱһˡ
ɼرۡص˵ǹйģüɼεˡ
ֻʲôˡ絺Եֻ֪ӵķߵ󵱼ңȴ֪ԭߵǻ
ڴ½żԺںӵߵǸʲô
ƫ϶

ôţ˵㡣
вϻˣóޥ˸бµˡ
ȻޥķߵҲˡߵҲ͵ǡļױա
룬ɼִôˡ
˫̸£ˡ

ϵɼߵƬһţΪء
ĸһϷƬ档
̸ˣɼ˿̧׼ͼˡ
ͻȻһ⣡ɼسǶʶܣ
͡һǹƺͼϣǹβ˲
ޥǹ

ɼˣǹܲպãҴˣ
úõĺͼ˸
ޥȴʣҵǷأ
ɼһʲô
ޥǼзݻ۹ͣһݡ
ɼոճ죬̸Ƿ𣿺̸ˣֳʲô

ղ̸ģߵġޥȴ˵ҵġ
ɼߵѵһң
ߵߵҡޥҵΪʲôҸһݡ

ҵðޥĹ⾹ɼޥĹ͡
һСûб飬ָһһ¶ͤǹùɱģ϶ǹùɱģͷĿҶҳ֤֤ǹùɱġ
سȭƣ̾Сӣͷڳأ˵öף

ޥɼãҲһˡһսҳκ٣ɱˣɱĶҪΪҲһݣ
ɼԶԣһУޥĹȷʵĨɱǸӣѾˡ
У㡣ɼְֻޥʲô

ֻޥޥҪ
ҪһҪˡ
سǴ֡
鱦ںϣ˲ĸĿУ˵ĴˣߵĴˡ
գޥսֵС
ǸСһɳ塣
һϣѾں϶ս

ɼ׻ޥϱҪĸλ絺ˣЩϵ¹鸽ġ
سǵǵ˿ȥѹ󡣡Щߵ˵Էһ
Ա࣬ԸǿһЩ
ޥ˵ͷ
Ӵˣ˴

ޥҵȥԼĴϿ˿ԱѾɣϵ˶֪Լˡ
ˢˢضӡ
ޥվڼװϴź磬ϵϴװ壬ǻˮˣһӦˣµͬĥϺã̱㾮Ȼ

ޥ۾æµһУǰδеܡ
ḧŴϾ紵ľͷЩľͷкܶۼȻǾܶࡣ
ҵʣùãˣ
ޥ죺ûвˡ
ҵȴЦ

ϴޥܷƵġżװ巢ŷ緫ŴϷ
ޥҸ˵ġ
˶٣ֻǲ֪ôˡ
ƽδ¡

ӳޣ˾͸ܶࡣ
½Ժ½˸Ǯӣλ񣬸֬ˮۡ
ǶСˣڲʮֵش󷽣Ҳá½ҴûΪǮ֮²ǽʳĸ
˻ߣǴˡ
ʲӴҲûĴ㣬ֻǷ޶ܡ̬Ҳװסľġ

ɴʱޥ΢΢ֵľʸĽȫһ
ġ
˭ģ˭ģʵʵԼġ
ֻصĸû˷ŮʵûСԼġǾüױѾǡԼġʵϣԼǱ˵ġ
ǡԼġǶȻҲĸܡ

ֻҵͷ½ķ
ҵĲ䣬Ȼ룬ùֿʼˡ
ùýǷ

ߵȭͷӲӲһҲܳ԰׷سǸɼԼ˳ЩȵϵĴӹܣ
ߵĴȳȥˡسޥڵϣɼڣûʲôĵġ

֪˲һգҵܽ˵ùøˡ
ɼʣȥˣ
ҵȥ׷ϵĴȥˡ
ޥĴҲ׷ıУޥϴһȥˡ

ɼջ𣺡ǲʵǰɣ
ҺЦ
󵱼ңӿʵŵˣ
󵱼˰ɣˡ

ߵ˲ڣޥҲڣҺ׷ޥߵĵҷˣɼ֪
ɼջ𣺡Ҫǹܣ

ЩʱգسȻˣ˵һ֧ӡ
֪ޥֳˣسûеҲۡһ䣬ǽз˱ܣ˾ˡ
ʵΣֻ˵ģܷġ
֮ۡ

ɼǨŭǸͲ֪úùܹһŮ˳ܣҲˣޣ
ɼһ˻ޥݣޥȨʹֳϣתƵϡ
ޥǻˡ
ޥܣɼֻ

ү´󣬾үȥܰسǼ
ɼú
سǵɱ¶ͤŮˣүôţѺںլ廨𣿡
ɼֺһ
سǺǺһЦ

ȻسڶԼͷ­ĹذҲǺϣޥʵʵҲܱΣյġ
سǻǾãԷ˵̬ȣǱȲҶġ
Ҳ˵ǡ

ޥǵʱسںϡ괺صǵģ㽫ޥߡ
سǻֱĸֻСͿ˳
Ȼص㲻ھǣȻȥ˵ߣسǵʱ֪ޥԻķˡ
ȥˣۿޥͻһ߹ģۿޥɱСʼ죬ɱ¶ͤġ

سǵе㲻̫̤ʵܾЩ½ѳƿءֹѳƿأѾѳ˻ƿء
׵ȵޥҲصˣسǵߵߵصǰȰ˵ˣҲûؼˡ
ڼ۰Ͱ͵ء
紵ɹģм
˶ɹˡ






264.   264    ʱ

264 

ޥû̻ش
سͿһ¡
سǡޥ, ȥߵ
سǵķЦǺðԼҵĵ, Ҳȥġ

ޥʣηֵõĶô
ޥһУҲһ֧ϵĴӡãسǴ, ɻģޥǴ, ̣˻ﷵġ
Щ۳Ҫе, İֻзˡ
ޥֵõĿװֻ

سǵЩҪȥġݡȪݡ۶ԡԼлջġ˰ѶҾˡ
ޥʣ絺Ҳ𣿡
ضġسǵ, ĪΪЩǿӾӵ𣿲ǵģҪǿó
ޥĿ

ó, м֮ޣʵѰֻǸ֮, ȭͷ˵ȾɱԽ±㲻ϡˡ
ޥҪɱ, Ҫٻ
سǵ̺ź͸Э, 㣬ŵϵģһ·ͨбĵۼЭ̺, ҲܰǮȥ¡뵺֮ĳͻԴڴˡ
ߵ, û˸Ҷġ

С̴أ˵ЩϳԷˣ̶ӣһɱԽġּҡҡңĸǴգ½ǹٻңẈ̂˺ǵ
ںϣּҡ

ޥ÷ǳ档
ЩϵĹ˽⣬˽⡣
֪⺣Ϻʹ½ϵ򣬵ײ˶١
֪⼸ֻҪô

ȥسȻصߵȥ
ƺĽ飬ޥȥû̴Ӧ
˽ױҶǷֲġسǲޥôģĥһ£Ǻվ費ףھүҲǿԵġУүҲӷˡ
ޥҲÿɷ
سǾ͸ˡ

ޥɼ˵Ҫȥߵɼ˵аȥԼҵĵȥɡúùӡ
˵ںڰˡ
ޥ̧
㿴Ұʲôˡɼ̾

ұ˻Ȣ㣬ϣɼ¶ͤҪȢŸǵҸ˵ġһڣԵ˱ȥֶȲҲŰ޸
˭һһҪͻĹӵġ
Ҳ벻ıߵȻġҲ޻˵
֮絺ң£ݻزȥ絺Իصĵط

ޥûߵĴһֱԼĴЩ˽Ϥˡ
Ѯʱߵ
ߵͷĿǶ
Щ˺Ͷ絺ϵǲһģޥĸرǿҡ
ǸӡǾ
ޥֿ˵ϵߵװҲߵ

ĸ磬ޥسǡ
سǵǡ
ޥ˸Ĳͬ
˿ȣȻͥһ붫絺͵ϵ

ǻʮ꣬һǨġسǸ̾кܶǽǵıǵԲġ
ţͻְȨ֮㣬ӴǨཱི˼ҵϡ񻧣Ҳһ֮
ߵԱṹӽ½أҲʵȻ䡣

ڲͬλã۽ǲͬġ
ɼΪ棬һж棬ȻǷչ¶ϡ
ţͻڸλһʼ϶£дֵĹ滮ţ˾޶Ͷ룬˻

ޥϸϸࡣ
سޥߵ˱
Ǯ£ޥΪҲôͶ룬ɿĿ֪ߵǵҪ޶ĲƸ
ó֮ޣޥɴ˲ֱ۵ĸйۡ

ޥֻһ̾ţˡ
سǵҲڶˡ
ޥһۡ
سǲǶʮ־ţʱˣÿҲҪȥݵġ

ޥʣôᱻɵ£
سͦظڶ߳ġ
سҲͶʮͷ͡
꣬ǻڳɳʱ򣬶˸ǰ档ģҲźұźġ

سǵȥƽ߶˲赹ˮɨϴµСࡣ
ĹҲǻָġŽŽһ·˼Ժ˻ŵùĸ

ޥߵǲǲ֪
˵ɴ˲Ų»·ںϡȴҲ˵
ܸ˭ȥ˵أ˵ģ˻ֻˡ
ǡسǵЩ£ʹʹҲ֪

˶٣֪һ߷ˡ
˵ģǾޥûҪ֪ǲ֪
Ʃ⵺ϣޥһֵˡ
ĺϣȻһӡ

ޥǸʱһͤ顣
̬һ֪ǳõˡֻü֮ɫŨ
ҲŮź򣬵ޥжʮּؼ
Ҳޥüͷƺڲ²ޥݡ
سǶޥ˵͵ƿĿ⡣

ޥسǣ˭
سǵһҪˣÿܺá
ǣޥûбҪ֪ġ
³漰ܶд۸ӵϵζ
ޥﲻæҲʡ

ޥߵ̻Щʱա
ҵޥϲߵЩ죬ڵϵܣʲôʲôѧ
سǸһСŵ/ҵ֣ѧߵ˹ںϡ
֪ʵǼԺӵı׼װ
ϲ˺¡س˵ˣسǾõϵŮ˸µĺ£ϵһġ

ޥҵӶ絺Ϊ˽̡
س֪󣬱ҵδ˶Դˡ
˵СӴһ£м񡣷˿ˡ

ҵźȥޥ
ޥվɽ½ķڷ
ޥ£ַ״̬
תͷһµҵЦˡ
һΪøˡһôСˡ

ҵʣùãȥǣ
ޥʣϣôأ
ҵ𾩳ǣҸϲҲø
ѧ˻ҵҲ֪δλøĸסһˣǺܿġ

ޥسǴȥøɡ
ҵɫˡЩڴϲöʧ
ùҾ
ǰһǣסޥ֡
øȻûйùã˵йø

СĽ֮顣
ޥм¶ͷǺãŹùðɡ
ޥ˾

سǣʱȲȥȥĸ磬ٸЩʱ䡣
سҪˡʲôʲôʵ֮ǰЩĸо
ޥŴ󺣷ģܲ

سǵӦ˶£Ƕ˵ˡ
ޥֻ֪ҡһЩûסһҪʱ䣬ˣҾͻȥ
سǻؼ¡

ޥؼұԶ벻ˡ
½ķ
ִܵأصУҪ˳ҲҪͣ˼
ǱԶ벻ˡ

سǰ̾ͷ
ޥʧЦ
û£ҵĻתĸɡ˵ûϵġ
󣬾ͿҪˣٸЩʱ䡣
֪Եˣһ
䣬Ψĸ磬ҡ






265.   265    ʧ

265 

ޥͻ֮, س֪ܶ࣬Խ֪Խͷʹ
ӷŷ˶ԳͲԡŮų, Ұ˰ɡ
ôһ룬Ȼޥ˵ǶԵġ
˶, ȷûб˻ˡ

سǷˣվһȥ, ˺úôڵϡ
ޥȴҪض絺ȥ
سǲ⣬Ϊ˵, ߵȫɿ룬һ, ߵϲûޥʮϤˡ
絺ǱҸɩӻѪԵֶֶŮȥǱҲġ

֪, ޥض絺ΪҪԵںġ
һ, ߵĴڣձĲο塣
ߵģޥȴġҪ, 񶫳絺Щͨ˵֮

سΪޥޥܾˡ
, ڶƵĺ䰲ȫǻھ͸ؾȥ
ʱָʱһµʱ, ѷ°ɡ
ɼԭģһսϡ
سǱ㲹ޥϵ䱸ʳˮ, Ŀ絺ȥԼҲǸȥ

һ
꣬һ֮ꡣ
ȥǣϵĽԪҵ֧ʺһֵܡ
ʵۿȥˡ
ʱʺС£СЦˡ

꣬»ԣԪҲˡ
ʵȥܺã˵Ԫڡ
ʺԼֵʮģ¡
ʵۻЦ

ɵȵµԽǰʵ۵ɫ΢
ʹ²¼֪һУӵʮˣе֧ˡ
ʵ۵ϲǲΰ롣
Ϊʿ֮ףĵ֧ӵڿϳˣζҶΪʵ۵Ͽɡ
ΪʺңͷҲ̫ˡ
ҪҽõĶǰ˫н

ʵջǳȫҽԪԪڡ
ڻʺǰʢϣڶգ̫ҽԶһҩ䰮Ϊ塣
ʺŨŨҩãһ
룬ǣ汾лʥ
ԴˣһδУϥΨһ봾ٳһ

سǻصǵʱѾ˶硣
ϥڻǰޥĻת
ãʣɻã
سͷĵȥˣֵֹģʱ

ޥڶ泯½
֪ˡ
ʣǺô
سǾоˣСʮִССͣѾɱˡҡ
͵ۿһۻ
ü

ǹ֡سǵͿţĪ񶼶
ʣ𣿡
سǵҲ˵񣬾ǣо񡣡
Ц⺢ӡ
سǵĶͷֿȥܣδܽӻطˡ

һģףǻز¶΢ЦС
سǶͷ΢
ûϵ˵ȥӾˡ
س̧ͷ
ߵҲȥһˡ

Ǭ幬ǲˣֻдۺͻ˶£û˸͵ϢֱӵԴ
ʵʣȷ𣿡
ȥȷһ¡
ʵʣ𣿡
һЩ
ʵʣ˭ȥ
ֻȥ

ʵϰ˻ߣԶУȴ֪Ψһõѡ
ĬƬ̣ͬˣʣʲô
ߣǻʵۡÿһγĿ
һ˱㶼֪ˡ͵͵˺Ҳ²⣬ģûò¡

δˡȥѲһȦôôǡ
ʵͬĿáҪá
һꡣôҲôһС
ʵʣ㲻ڣ˿ƹǺ;Ƿ񣿡
ԥ
ʵ۵ͷҲͬѡ

СŸո֪ޥҰ˲ϻؼңȥЦģ˵¡
Сô£ҪȥɩɩҲȥ
¡˵˳Զţʱ䳤Ǻ;ǵķš
Сϴ⡣
ҪĶܽˡң㡣

ðɡС棬ô˵ģ
ࣺʳ
Ե깬䣬Сûʳˡ
ţ£ҲûŻʳӰ¶Ǳʵ۵ġ
С̲סʣ磬ʳ滹𣿡
ֻһۣûش

Ժʵ۳ѲԶˣµϢܿ촫ˡ
ȺɣĴ֣
ѾǴ꣬ʵѾ粻ǵ걻ڳ¾ˡʮְش𣺡޵˽⡣
Ȼ
ʵԼ˽Ǯʲô£ֲǹˡ

½Ѷ΢ȣԳ˼ȥ˻
һֱδ飬ȥ˺ϣʡ
½ǲңҲȥ˵ġȻˣ˵ˡ
Ϊ£Ҳǣ浽½

ɣ˵û
ɣ¼ҵɼ
½ͫ΢̱ˣ
Ƕɽ
ɽţǰ½֪ˡֻ벻ԼŮ׾˾ˡ

ð½㲻䵽ֵط
룬½ޥڡֵطˮԼĴԼˡ
ֻһ

½һȫ޹ص⣺֣˭ģ
½üҡ
ͷޣǸ֡
½ȴǸ꺢ӾҪµأϹQŮӡ
ܱQQȥˡ
治˼飬ص˻ߣǻһˣ

뿪ǣݡ
׼ңҲǴܺպ촬ҡĴﶩ졣
һºִݣݸ뺣

ޥ뿪ߵص˶絺
ɼʮֵۡ
˵˶絺ңԻءҲص̫˵㡣
ޥңҾȥϡ
ǻƤӵ£Կء

ɼʮջ𣺡û½ȥ
ޥһںٴһӡ
˵ʲôɼջ𣺡㻹ǲǵԼзˣ
ҵķڲͬġޥ

ޥ˶絺
һΪڶ絺жʮַɡߵ⣬˺޲ýʲôá
̫ҪҪҪѧҪԳһµ¡

ɼӢȥ˵˵
ӢޥͲ÷𣿡
ġޥʱصߣԶһ㡣
Ӣֲֵô£

ޥ̾Ϣ̫ˡ
ӢʧЦ㻹˵˻ҿûмĸˣԼôݵˡ
ǰûˡޥ΢Ц

һ˶һ̫ãһ˺۶á
۾㿴Եˡ
ҲȻҲ޷˼

ޥȻʶ½˶Ӱ֮
½ҵЩ꣬½˽ණ
̸ĶʵǣҪֹͣ˼

ùŵ
ޥȥ˼𰸣ȴûܵóһƽķ
ܾޥΪΪ½̫Խⲻ½˳⡣
ֱڣ뿪Ƭ½ٻ׻ޥף̫ޱ½˳Ŀ޽⡣

ޥ½򣬺ߣƾ档
紵Уһֱеã󡢲⣬ɢ¶ݡ
Ӣɩɩ֪Ҷʮһ𣿡
Ӣü˭

ޥûиҶʮһ˭ֻʣ㻹ǵʮһ𣿡
ǸӣʵɼġӢﵱȥһ²Ż
ļзһãȻ˭

ޥֻҡͷ
½꿼ݹǰ˱ʼУҶʮһͬʱȷصսպա
ɼû֪
ޥ
󺣣ݴ½½֮ϳ
ֻĵطݲһҶʮһ
գʧʷСֵģֻŮڸ




266.   266    


266 

ޥص絺, ǾͰݵشڵϣҪ
ɼʣ֪ǳȥǸʲô𣿡
ޥҪʲôô
ɼһ, ҪǾʶʶ̶ӡһ̶Ҫˣֻ֪ǸʱûС
ޥȴҡͷ, ̶֪ô׬ǮģسǶҽˡ뿴Ǳġ

ɼƬ, ˡ
ûʲôÿġĴУҷ˸㡣
ޥû˵
־, ɼʮջ𣬴ΪʲôÿΪ׵𣿶ǵͷѪ, ʱ㸾֮ʷϹ, ľҵˡ

ޥͷ, ̧ͷҲ¡
Сɼȥ֣ͻľ, ھȥ
ޥӦˣŴ˺
ҵޥӰ, ޥ͵Ҳ˴

һº֧ӻ, ջ
ɼʣ£
ͼ࿴˿ǵûУӡ˶Է

һ̶֧, Ӷ絺ĵ̹ȴûж絺ģҪô³̵ģҪô¸ĺߵġ
̣Χסˣͷ̸СҲˣҲ̸ҲͲض
̸ģ϶͵ÿɱˡ

Է붫絺ûۼҪʱޥǹ磬һָס˻˵ʺ
ԷٸҶ˾ҪѪ
˳

ԷĳɵĻһ涫絺ģ붫絺Э顣
ɼ⣺ĳɣ
ͨĹɡ
Ҫĳɡ˵絺ߵҲϡӳɣԵüӼۡ
ɼЦͦСˡ

ɼȥޥûҵҵҵ
ҵȥˡ
ɼɫ̫ʼбˣ˼ֻƺѰޥ
ޥڴʯϣң̫Ҫµķ

ɼһֻ«ȰɣҲˡ
ö±Ŵ󺣺Ϧ
֪ɼֻˡ
ûѪ
ޥ֪

ǵɱ˵ǰɡ
ǿ϶ġ;׬Ǯ˵ȶɼǻǿǹԷġ
ɼȥɡ

ڻ߹ӣⲻһɣ϶ͱˡҴҵܸӹġɼ̾㶼ھˣֲҡ

磬ʵǿЦޥͷ˿ھƣҼǵСʱ򣬴綼뵱ٻֻ뵱
ɼյ˺
ʱϽ޸㣬᲻ˡ
ޥ΢΢һЦǼ޸ˡ
ȴԵڴķʽ

ơ
ޥʣ磬¬˵գٳȥ
ɼǷǵײǽſϻؼң
ޥײ֮ǰܻ߿߶Զ磬ҳһ˲ףȥˣŲٳڶˡ
ɼðɣ㡣ֻܣޡ

ɼˣǽ˼Żȥġ
Ӣֺȳ
ţǸ½Ьִ࣬ˮͶӸ
ɼ۾Ӣ

Ӣǧ˰ٻҶͦõġૣͦõġ
ֱ۾˯˹ȥ
ӢͶʪӣȻ
ãɬصͷȥ

ޥָ¬ˡ
һºޥû絺tĸںȻһϺܿǶ
ֻǿԶ߽εĴֻʼɵԽԽĴֻԺƽߴ֣絺˾ˡ

㴬ɳĴ󴬺СɭȻѹ
ȹģ絺˼ǲǶɱˡ
ȶˡ
ҶģĴͣ˰ȫ֮⣬ֻֻ򶫳絺ǰС
tֺصߵߵ죡
ŵɣ־ɣߵôബ𣿡

ɼǹվڸۿ
Ѿ٣ۡѾܿĴϣվŵˡ
һ£ֶһӢʮӲʣȴ롣
سվ
ɼѾµ˭ֻš

˺ɫѥ̤ͷԭľϣĿе̵Ĵ󺺡
ֻʮǰѣʱҶǰС꣬˪ѩ꣬˭Ҳܹƾϳ˭ˡ
硣ñط꣬䣬ϲ
ɼãٲҲˡ̾˿ɣˣ

Ƹ
ɼһ
⼸һµƸ񡣡صֻҪ£ҺޥҾͲƽޥ֮ˡ
ɼ۽ǳ˳顣

ɼԴޥ֪˸ĸѶĸλգͻλǰ
Уɼ˸ͷĸ޸㡣
ְִ˻ҵƸŻ¡
ޥĻȱ˸ĸ֮ý֮ԣһֱǲġ
գϷˡ 

ɣʣʱ
ɼûˡ
չȻдˡ
ֻΣкɫѬǵĺۼҲֻ絺ĴĴǲĴֻ

ҵ⴬ϡ
ǻŵġСùϵȥˡ
ɼ죺ȥʲô
ҵ˺ëˣǽϵ򲻹ǣӣùһ·׷ȥˡǵģȻš

ƬϱǧȺС٣䣬С
СȻţܵĺ̺ͺǣ򵥴ֱظСĵλ֮Ϊеϵ
СȱֻЩ׺ˮС
С֮ǮģǴˣͣĴҲ˵Ĵ̣ﵱ֮ء

ޥڶŶײ˴ܵḻ́ë׷ɱ
ܺнޣעŲ˵ĵ̡ë˲ΪǽƵƵԽ磬ַ棬ɼ˲ŻںϻˣͬЭζԸëˡ

ë˳Ѿ˶絺ĵ̡ǣtֺǵ죡
̴Ҳ˶絺죬Ǿǽ˱ѣƬӦܶ絺̼ҡ
¬һ£絺Ĵӭȥˡ̵Ĵ㵽ǵĺ档
ֱ˺ëˣ㿪ս

ëл/北ʮˣϣҲ
ֻ/װʱޥĴȥ/͹һѹƣžǶ̱ӵĵǴս
һǹǵҰ߮ǹ֮Ѫ˶ǡ
һǴսһҺë˵Ĵˡ

ոմսһҲʱ˲ŷ¬սˡ
̫̱㱻׵ԺһܻµıǼޥϣޥΪ
һĴŮˡ
ޥȥˣЩŮ˷ɫƴܣȴͨ

ٺĺ̵л
ޥǴϵӳġëϮ
˵ЩŮˣϵŮˡëѪϴϵң
ë˲ͬǺռһأҲô¾ëȴϲɱ̴Ҳоߣɱ⡣

ܵĺͨǲģҪ̫ˣǱߣѰԵĺߡƬû档
ɼЩҲ޺ëˡ

˼ǣѾɱ˲٣ֻԻؼˡ
ޥŴŮǷڼװϿ̧ۣȲȥ׷ȥ




267.   267    


267 

ë˲Ƭ򡣶ÿһ, ϲɱϲ޽Ǳ
ϵͶ絺ľ룬Ƕ絺ĺ԰, 絺൱һֵʳǴϵġкëռϵ޽ǱԶ絺Ǿ֮˳ֵˡ
ɼ, Ҫϵȥ֧Ԯޥ
ﻹûʰͣأĹүѾȥˣ
ɼһӴ, õˡ

ɳӴ󣬼װ, ֻоŸΦˣʮ淫, ǻ
ӭˣͷ, һһС˴ź磬ϵķ
ʣ𣿡
ҵͷߴˣ¡
¹ùˡ

ù, ô죿
ҵǾʮٱػȥ֪, ´ξͲ˹ùˡ
Цͷ
̵Ļ, ҪգԸ𣿡ʡ
䱾Ҳǵաҵѧǻҵ, ɱҲõǻҵ

֪Ϊʲôس˵ҵȷġ
ǣͷ, 飬ò죬ֱ˸档
ޥԶһˣӸһžڤڤе⡣
֣ߣȥһĵѧôˡ
ҵֻĴ֣ԼСֵݹȥ
ǣסС֡

ޥŴһ·׷ɱϵм£һЩӳ̴
̴ʵҲлˮɱֻһɢɳ˭ҲԸȥȥӭë˰ˡ
¶絺ͷڴˡȺռһصĵλãڴܡ֮䣬ߣﶼһʮַתءǻл֡ԱϵôˣʧҲ
Щ̴ԭԵĵɱѵģ絺׷ɱëˣ಻¹ĥҪҪһġ
ٿٿ

ֻ벻絺Ĵӣ˾ǸŮӡ
Ůӣȴʮֺ¡һ·ɱϵɱúëؽС
ǽϵŵһ߾ʬ壬ŮʣЩʲôˣ
̾Ϣϵ塣ϣǴǰǴܵĻʵ۴͵ġǲҡ

ëϲỵ́˵Һܾã졢һ塣
ССֲ
ת֮أպϵĹأں̡ǵĬ֮Ҳ԰档˭֪˺ëˣʲôҲأɱġ

СҲ͸ݵľ̫࣬ǽĸ߶硣
ë˾زޥ˰ϵͶʯǣɱ
ë൱ûйȥˣ˱Ͷﻹʲô
ͨԵıҪ²Ĵ

ޥò˼顣
̸˼£ǹҾӡ
ԭϵеĹңһиŮ֯أԸ㡣ǱҪĴӣԾٹ֮е֮¡

ޥԣǺͶȥ̸
кȰʹë˽ˡ
ȴҡҡͷֱɱ

絺˺ӵĻëɱһҲǰ㳡ضȾˡ
Ѷϵһ߻һʹޣ˹¿ͷߵлϹ֮ˡ

ܱϹϡ¹֣Ǵ͡
̶Ϲ֮ˡ
һλ˿ɶĺë˵Ϲ֮ǸŮӣ

վ̨ϣḷ́󲿷ˣҲһЩĹҵˣձöܵĹٻ
Щ˴˿ǰԹԵرẠ̊́˱𴦣ǿλ֮ʱҲֱӻϵĹˡ

ǹڵһ٣㳡ϰ
кϵĹںϣҶغϵĹأ죬ƾ¡ϰ֮ˡ
Ŀдɱ⣬ɨһܣЩҲıܿߡ
ﻺһɱһ
˶˸䣬񣺡ҵȲҡ
ںʲôҲܣ̤صʱ½֮ϵļˣ̤ʵ֮ʱˡ

Բ֪ͨΪκȻɫҲ֪ΪκȻη塣
˷ˣ档
޴ˣ·ˮɹֻյ֮·Ҳǡ
ǻһƬкʲô

ޥʣ˵ʲô
ȴ֧ᡣ
ԼﾫͨԵ˲æ꣬˵ϵѪ룺ϣ¡
ޥ졣
ֻ˵ˣˡûˡ

ϣޥǡ
Ҳʮģ۾ﷺ̹ƵĺǣǹǵĿ
ϣ¡

ޥǲںѪͳ𣿡
ʵһѪͳĵطЩ裬޴ڡ
ǵǵҲѧܣѧƤëûི屾дܵѪͳ

ԭʷŲʮ꣬ꡣԭҲǴܵḷ́ϵңɱԭ壬Լȡ˴ܳ͢Ͽɣ뷷⣬˳ܳ
ֻǾ˳ĩ꣬˳۷ʳҩ࣬·񲣬һؾ϶ĳʹɱģʹȫնˡϢܱ壬Դ˲ٳ

Ĵӳֵʱ򣬿ڰ˶𾪵ͣ¡ǴŵĴ죬˶ϻ̳Ͽֵعȥ
ϰվǰʣڣ
˵

ֱһ֮꣬ˣϼ
Ҳǣϰһʿ۵糸ر
ޥվ̨ϿһϤʿֻúΡ
ĸ磿̽Żһ𣿡

Цˣ˭
ޥһĻ
㣡ϲˣΪɱ̫࣬þˣ

սֱۣڻУͷȥϢ
ԶԳУޥ㲻ڼ£Ѭ㡣ϵϢˣϸᣬǺζ
ܲһ
˽ӵһ𣬷·˱ˡ

ҵۿ˽˹Ҳȥسһ޶סˣСӣߣ
Ӳˡ

Źϣʷ¡
ޥԧ콻ο塣
˼ڴԹɢ
ԼԼ߽뵵ĳʪʮָۡ

ڽҶĺɱ˿ʼޥһֱš
ɱԽ࣬Խǿҡ
գڷ
һͣЪſڻϣϵ¡

ûƻϵĹءûд½󣬵Ҳ½ء˺ͼݴǲһġϵĹزЩϡԣɱ˺ëˡ
£ͷνصҲ˶ģҪб£ƷضҲǿԵġ
ֻ㣬Ұ˰رԹô˵ءȲ㣬ֻԼˡ

ޥԹЦˡ
Էˣ˵ĻҲȫҲ˵˵ൽˡ
ҲǱӦ

չȥ
ЩҲԭ㡣
ޥá
֮۾ʳһɻ
ĸ磬Ϊʲôҳţ

ʱ˻һߣˡ
ֻʲôˣһַ¡
Ϊʹţ

գӡ
˰
ˮߵĺʯι㣬Ŀˮ棬ɢ
ǹŻؼĦǹˣ̾Ϣ
ҹȻѣϸʲôجΣϿ۾
ЩϸС£˽ʳŨֻ֪ܵ






268.   268    

268 

ޥӵű, ȴӡ
ʣЩ벻ͨ£ͨ𣿡
ޥ̧˵ͷ

ĸʱ, ֮Уܾý̤ʵϣ޴, ĸ磬ôˡ
һ·, һЩ¡û뵽磬û, ҺܸˡãǸ, ׮£Ϳ԰ˡ
˵, зܼ, ˵ûϵɱ˾С
, ɱɱ֮󣬷, Ҳͼˡ

ޥŻӡ
ǵģ֪˰
Ǹʱˡ, ĸ簮ңҲĸ硣ҴһĵİԼ㡣
Ϊ, ޿ɽҵһֱϡ

ֲķУסԣͷŶͷ֪Ҿ˺㡣
ǣ֪ĸҵĺãŮĽޥԣҲһֱڴˣ벻ס

һݺãס̫ࡣ
ҵ˺ϣң½ʱסޥҺãͣҵϣ£ԭͻһֱǲġ
ֻ۾ֻõǰһʱѿһ

ŮҸ಻ɷ檣ˣޣѾǺˡ
ŮӱѾΪĽԼҲȻҸ
Ҹȥ룬ʵǺŮһ˵ĲƲ˿̵Ҹǵһ߲ңʵһ֮䡣

Ҳ˵ǲˣ£ѰլŮһġҲܲȥ˼
ĸҵϣΪŰңҪɱҵŮҲΪŰҡ֮һ֣ǱĪ⣬׽
ҹ뾪Σߵ㣬֪㰮ңҲ֪࣬㲻¡ⲻܸı䣬ֹʵھǣҳԺûˣʲôˡ
ŰţǺԼǿյġ

ͷĶͷҺ޲ҩҩһжû
ޥ̾̾ûС
ͷ˲䣬ʣǲǲؼˣ
ޥĬ˺ܳʱ䣬šһ᲻
ʣǲҪˣ

ǵûСޥ§סĲϢЩҷ룬ԼҪʲô
ǻص½ȥһжصǰˡ
ŮֻӣϻһˣǲģֻҪǸˣͿԡ

ĸ磬ǵͬ˵ҶʮһҶʮһ˲ŮӣΪʧˡڴ½ϣҺͨŮӣ࿹
ص½ȥֻǻˡ̾ҵǹֻλһױһˡ

һ˵̫СˡٳңҲûãı䲻ˡ
½֮ϣԼɺģ̫ûлʵۣŮܺһͷ䡣
֪ϣûһ졣ڲУһȥô
ĸ磬ҵĸо𣿡ںϣǹ˸ͼҡĸ磬֪һָо

Ŀ޾п
£ͷ̾Ҿ֪һԼζٻزȥˡ
ޥ۾ǳĸȻһֱ֪ʲô֪
һΪŬԼû˱ˡ

ޥ
һյģһÿһÿһ£һһصġ
ڵޥĹУݵǰѵ
ɱ[[߲ӣޥҲŮ˳ĳ谮̤̤ʵʵˡ

Щ£Ҳĺۼ
ޥԭ£ȴǡ
ʵǻ֣һһޥͣӣҲȥ˼ҳĺá
̾Ϣ

ޥͷԼշĻز䡣
ҵҪʲô˺ܾáȻҲŷ֣̰ģǿ½ֲ뿪㡣
˵뿪㣬˵»ȪҲ׷ҡںϵʱ򣬳Ŵ½ţĻܷ¾һ˵ĻҪȶãںϿ㣿
쿴ʱΪΪ̫Σþˡ

۾ȫޣ˵ʲôҲǲšҲ˵ˣֱˡ
ޥЦˡ
ĸ磬ߵ˵áЦ֪꣬ôǿ죿ô
ţգҲԼĸ磬
ĸãʲôʱǸ˵ʱ򣿡

ͷ˼Ƭ̣ٸһʱ䡭
ޥĿĸŲ¾ǵȨ𣿡
ʵҲףᣬھȨģ졣

ȴЦˡ
ɵϡҷŲµģǼеؿﻹû˳Ļƽ𣬺ʹﻹûĴ㲻֪˶ٴ
ޥȣ٣
ǳ˳һ֡
ޥԴֻСки˿ôࣿ

ֵ㻹ߵ
ü۽ǣŵЦ⡣
ޥʣأ
üţˣߵϡҿɻᡣ
ޥЦˡ

޶˼ȴ˹ʶĽᾡȥֻͨޱȳ⡣
ֱ̫ãֻ˴ڡ
κسڵүˡ
ޥΣֻ¡
ϵСµϸĸȷϴ룬ɼ

ĶУţܸʲôɼһӵȻϰ죬ʮ
ˣһޥûʲô£ȫȫβûˣȷһ˻ǣ֣ʮָۡ
ɼصˣˣϽȥ

ãɼҲûô˳ˣЦ˵Ҫʧˡ
ɼɶ
ޥҲȥˡ
ɼɴ۾㣬Ʒھ㲻ȥҪʲô
ޥҪ

ޥϵĿǰ˽
ɼôţ㻹Ů
ޥէһЩ£ȷʵġȻ뵽ϵ֮ˣضĴһﶼأֲʲôƲ硣
ɼɵ

Ȼɵ
ޥݸ֣⼸תתˡһƽģʲôûСҲʲôᡣ

ǵϵ絺ߵվѹ
ϵƽ̹ƣֻмС꣬տءȫûмֵ
һ޿زҲʲôرļʲôɫĻƷҲ첻ҵĴ͸ǴӴܹġ
ΪƷת֮ʵҲͼҪסأҪĳɱ̫ˡ
ҪôǽҪôפرޣֿҵҪӰ졣
ʶڶ£СƽµһֱšֱëˣʲôضۣŴԭеƽ⡣

ޥô졣һëˣӦͣһΣֻطô죿ЩҪңҪܾÿҪֲһܾġ
ɼֱӱ̬Ҫߡûء

ָȴ̧۵ߵҪˡ
ЦɵúܣرҪطš






269. []    

269 

ϵ˴ܵ, Դܵ壬ΪɵأΪϸ
ϵէȻ֪Լ˴, 㡣
ϵʮݴϸְ̨֮
ǻء

ɼϴ󲻸ˣϷŲ̊
˽ޥ粻
Ѿǿˡޥ, ֻЩǧˡں, Ѿ½ǿ̫ˡ
طԺĹأ˵㡣

˱ϸ, ȻΪǴܵıʵߵı
γѲ, ǴŻʵۺʹܵ塣ϸӡҩƷոм㡣
һ, дߵ˿ڡ

ҪܶˣҪ͸һˡ
˵, ޥѾҺһȥ


ڳ֮ǰ˳ơ
ҵޥͷջ, ӴǻޥĶӡ
ĸ֡_, _[֮_񡣡
ޥһۡ
֣ȻԺ, ҵĶӣ_
ҵˡҵ֣Ӵ, ߵ_
̧ͷ¶˷ĵЦݡ

ɼҲ޸пԺúøѧ°ɡ
_ǣ˾ˡ
⺢ҲųģĴʵΡ
ɼеۿɬȥ

·ϣҲޥǵ¡
ҵ֧ӳˣҲˡȥｲΣԼҿһŮӡĶ฻˼ŮΪʦ
ޥȻŮŮҸʦͽԺüޡ
ŮѧȻСŮôһ׺ƾʡΪŮĸףʮ⡣

˭Ҳûϣ½Ϊҵӡ
ޥ΢ȣ룬½δͬ⡣
Ȼʮ˽½أ½ûͬ⡣ҪԼ̴Ĵϻ֮һ£ѾΪ֪
ޥ̾Ҳ֪Ǻǻ

ȻǺõġ½Թ˺ͨһ˺̶ǰԤ񡣡
ޥ̫˰ɡ
ʵѹӵءԺ˺ͨ㲻صൣĵҡ
ޥǭ[[ĵǭ[[

һ½ҲعءȻˡ
ޥף
һŮӵŮͽܣԭ׼ͽԺģ½ؽ˼½߻
ûӼԺ˵ġС߶˺þã֪ܷˡ
ޥ΢ЦǼ[[ġ

ޥ߻_иã[_[֮[
_ף
ޥıı
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