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1 
˼·ƾɽϼ壬ȴһʱ
ϼ壬˼壬ɽҰʢһԶԶȥϼΪɽļʢ֮һÿĽǰߣﲻ
ҪоѴȴ̫ۺһƬ֡ͬҰų˳ִȱ𴦿ŸԱȤīͣమ˴档
һ㣬̫סŵģǵӵáӳӳʱʥϴ;ڴˣϮšӡ˽Իӡ
黭ϧ˲ţۣһֻҡоټɻڴߣ
ֻһգ̫ǰȴſȸɨɾԣվżҶԺϽ£ʮˣȴʼղһԣɼѵأǳѰ˼ҡ
вԵɵˣ浶ʵƣǰѯʣǻã״һ˿Сãæһ䡣
СһЦˣ˵λòɣչ˹ͣԲͣλϱ𴦹ȥɡ˵գЩ˶ԣ˿һﳤȥ
⼸ǹۺ͸һһɫֱ̾Ϣòʱ
˵̫ۺͷһƬҰ֣𣬿ޱ޼ʡ·Ӣͷףⲻϵϯӣʱ˻ꡣ
Ԫ˵ȹ仨̧ͷͼһƬһ֦꣬ͷ£ƮƮƵڿת˼Ȧգǵеɲյˮһײ򱭱ڣۻء
һ̺ŵģƵһС㣬һɡ
ԪתתյǳǳһЦأͺܺá˵գٱһ
㣬쿴۵֦òÿ
Ԫ̧ۣͼԪһ֦뿪δһ˹
󷽽÷ѩѾȹڣܱߺС㣬ܣСˤš
Ԫȴ˶˽ŲһܵԪǰһϯӣԪĻױƵľ֦һ˵СЦ⣺òÿʵ
Сõ棬ԪûκεֿģһӦţÿÿһӣȥͷ߳ϸ㣬ܳһͷĺɽһСȥָŲˡ
ԪֻЦţֽǿСԴȥ˲Ԫġ
Ԫ˳־Ķͷھ͸ҹԹţ
֦ʲôÿ쿪ˣҸҴģ»û߻ȥͷĻ͸õˡһЦţԶͷϴ
㣡ԪһµָϵˣҲ˵
ԪӢȴƫƫЦţ˸Ҿ˵Ҿ˵
ԪԼֲֻܸɵϵˡ
ԪЦҲǹˣôǽ㣬ϸùȥҲú
ǣԪ죬͵
ԪӢȴҸժһ֦ǲ֪ʲôÿ˵Ժ֦վѰš
ŶˡһЦһַ֦ɣǰŲ˼֣ΡΡȥһ֦һ
ԪͷţģѵСĵ
ԪӢۿž͹֦һһʹ
ˣ˶˿
Ԫк¹˰ɣ
ԪӢͶǺ֦ϣԵõ֦ŵֵһ·ԪӣһЦһַֻɣֻվȴǱɣ˽·֦
ԪӦ컨꣬ƮƮѩ
컨궼ͷԪģҲã˾
Ԫ£Ӣһһ٣ҧгݵ
һĨմԼϵһ꣬Ԫֶݺݶϵ˶вһˣͷɺǰɣ
ʱȥĲɵӡԪӢȻǲɵģǺЦЦ㿪˵䣬ԸοοԪȴڱ˸ȡ
ҵǾŮ·ȴϣԭǺӶʨ
δﻹˣԪһءѭȥֻһ֮⣬֪ʱվˡִһƣŹʵɡ
һ㶺Ԫջߣϵ˵Ǹûȥˡ˵⻰ʱƽƽǱߵˣһ㡣
ԪӢ̰棬ҲŮб𣬴ʱЦʱԪԹԴˡ
ѾҲѵأ£ʰ˲¯յȥ
ȵȣ߰
ǰڵڽе
ԪСͷһۣͱԪһѸס䡣ŤͷԼλ㣬ֻҡҡͷֻա
׻ԪӢ̲סսԪʵƬ֣̫룬ͱڣǷŵЩˣôأ
ȴʵԪʵ˵ԪʵҲЩ˾ǴӺδġֻ⸡ɽܵڶ࣬вΪ֪С·ͨҲûпܡ
ȻֻԪӢԪһ䣺ֻղûмЩˡ
Ԫ᲻⣬׷ŻҪʣֻǱԪвʾʹֻסڡ
һƮȻȥǱҲڴֵ£֮ϣӢǳ
ЦĴ֦ɣǿ˹ûҪǵӣǰ㲻۵С·ֱͨ
˼˼ֳҲЦ˵ϷˮˣʱȷԲ顣
ҲЦҿͷŵһλ侩еһˡŸ磬˵أҽΣߵӣ
R΢̧ǰŮȥʱķ忡һϣЦЦɽҰŮӣܱȣߵ


2 
̫һƧСԺڣԪδ̤ȥͷһЦŽȥͼŸɾѾ͸ģ̧ͷǽЦվСǻˡ
Ԫĸװ׷˵Ůǡ
ԪԪһһɫĺСԿɰץһŮ֣˵ţ篽㣬ҽ۵Щ
篱׽˵ģʱҲЦţ޵úܣСǺ
Ԫµ⣬ԾǰȥȥơҲƵؽȥˡ
Ԫ篶һۣ˴˶Цˡ⺢ӣ˭ûޡ
ˣͷ˵ء֯˵
Ԫ˵ͷԪӢҲͽȥ
ŽţԪӵ׻СģͰ˻ǿ
׷ҲЦˣʲôģ̰ˡһ٣ʣô㣿
Ԫֻд㣬һʱûţҪء
ԪԪӢͷţֻЦɴŽȥءЦ
ԪţƤƵšĸ׻СϿɹͺ˵ܲ٣ܲپ͵ˡ
ԪӢȷ磬ɫɻ󣺡ףģ˭ҳԽӰ
Ԫϵ԰׷˻̧ͷһź󣬸ǲ⣺ôûŵ
ԪЦԪӢĻͷ˵ûУĶôζأ
Ԫһ㶣ҶڿЦǷӦˣҪȥԪӢųԴأ
ԪӢЦŶ㿪
׷ӵأҲ֡
Ц£Ҳü֡˵ţֳԪ֣ʾȥ
СѵһˣʲôԵģģ˵˵ţֿ۰׷ˣԪཱུء
Ԫǰȴ쳣عɣȹƮ˵СҲʱӵģֻϧС춼ҪҩײҳţӣСѾúǿˣøҪʲôӣʲôҪСģ
һ⻰ɵþˣ§뻳пţҵСӴôСˣ˵ԪᣬֿµԪԪӢ׷̾˵˵ǵʱ򶼻˾ǣҸǺð
ԪԪӢ֪ӷ˵µģʱҲÿڣֻð׷˵жʱء
ӷɳ̾
ӣһˣӡ
һֱӷ˵֥
ӷüš𣺡˵ˣҽղ͵𣿡
֥Ϊţŷϵ˵ǵݽһţ˵ӿˣ
ӿ׷ˡ
׷˵˵ͷưɣʲôҪء
˰׷˵ĻŻ֥ӹţֻһۣ̾˿׷Ц»ǲˡ
Ŷ׷˷²ѣɻؿӡ
콫һݸ˰׷ˡ
׷ֻһֵۣݻţЦţȷҪһˡ
ӷ̾ϢվպţȥˣԱ㣬ͬ˵
׷ҲվЦȥɣùǡ
ߺԪ§ĸ׵ĸ첲ʣӣҪȥʲô˰
׷ЦŵԪĶͷСС˶Ҫô࣬ԹԻȥϴڣԤԷ
һ˵ҪԷˣԪʱ㿪̫زˬˣҽһԡ
׷ЦҡͷóҲ̰ԣƢθǲǵòʧء
ԪֻߺЦš
׷˵ţּһãˣǾЩϢˡ
ԪҲɻȴδѯʣԪӢ죬ʵΪʲôѽֲۣһء
ﶼܿǾԺ￴žǡ׷ǿӲ
ÿÿ׷Ŀ˵ٲɸģԪӢֻƲ죬˽Եݡ
׷ѵӿˣ㡣
գƲָŽȥԤԷ
ԪӢз㻯ŭΪʳһˣһ˵С롣׷ʳҹ˯ȣԺϼأܡ
Ԫֲ´Ҳ˸СʳͷĸһԣԼɽңС˰ųԣһ濴ԪӢ
ԪӢλεƾٶòУŶ죬޲øزȳ
ʱľ⸱龰
۸˵ı£Ц
ԪվЦǫ飺ҲңСǰǾǰŪˡ
ӵͷ篰£˵ǣڵñ˿޵ʱ򣬿ɴǫġ
ǿ𣿡׷̲ס۵
ӺǺЦţʵСأ˯ˣ
׷˵ͷ
һҲʹԪһÿɽңԼǳؿ˺ԣ˵ôʱ򣬿ҪˣûвҴ޵ֵܽãʥϣʱҶҪƵߡ
ڼҲҪƵߡ׷̲ס۾㿴ֻҴԼĶˡ
׷⻰һ˵ڣһƬžǡò֪ҹèӣ໵һС


3 
Ƭɽ⣬޹Ű׷ˣԼ˵©ģؿֲˡ
׷˵İۺ޲÷ȥ
ڴʱԺУ׷԰οֻԪͲԶԪӢ˵ֻʲôûǡ
Ԫſٲɽžأ̧ۿĸ׵ĹûУ˳˵Ůʲôû
ԪӢŸҰèˣԴ̧һ£͸òˡ
ӳһֻɽңм֥ҲˣһõеСϡ
Ԫ̧ۿһֻµױƣףٲ֦ʱãԹ
ǡ׷˼Լʱļױóˣ⡣
ӷЦЦԪ˵ɽңǾͲܰ׳԰ֻױԪǰƣ˵ǸģǣɽҵǮˡ
ԪЦɽһֵǮš
ٻ˵׷˵һۣתͷ˵úõģóʲô
һ˫ϸ֣ױϵһЦ˵˲˵֪һμˣ˾ǣɽˮԶʮǧиʲô飬ϢҲȥˡ
׷˳ЦúõģôͻȻ˸ˣǻؾӣһʱء
Цţҡҡͷཻ꣬ҶɵӣЩƲ˵ơԪ֣ϻǰСӣһ˵¡
ԪԹԷ¡
ǣ֣ȥױϣѵôȰЦۣ´ټǼ˸ˡҲܿޣΨһݼױˣҲ⼸꣬ʱơḧԪ˻пţҵӣӣǻڣҲˡ
Ԫ֪ҲһŮСͻӣӣӣӣΪӣʢļڡֻϧ⺢Ӹزˡ
زŮ׷Ҳɵ˻ȴǿջЦֻһֻױҲͰˣͷжϽóǴ˻ȥҪǿǲܹˡ
ӺЦҾ֪ţǿˡ˵ţ˳־ʹױƣ¶һ챦ͷƹҫ֮£貶Ŀ
Ԫʶ׷ȴϵõģⲻǵ̫Ϊ㾹Ҫ׷üš˴֣ⲻУⲻա
ŰɡЦǳˣЩ֮粻ߣֻʣһԭ룬ЩȥˣʵҲҪֻҪģ㹻ˡңĦһź챦ʯ΢΢ЦҶһ⣬ֻϣٵһɾƽ˳죬ͺعһӡ
ٶǣԪ֣ˣЦֻϣܱˡ
ԪжһͿˮһ˫ۣ뻹ʣСɽңСʮֿҴ󷽵˵Щˣ
ӣӴ󳤹ӹڻʼңڻʼңԣ޷죬ֱһ̽ɡ
׷һκ죬ĵòô˳ظԪ˵ǸƢ϶ǵǶٱӣ̽ˣɵˣԼ򣬱ġ֮ˡ
ʱԪеģϽСʺ͹ӲˮźĸףҪϸ˵
׷˺˲ˮŹӣ˵˼̽ɣǽһӢ棬ϲһߣԵŮӣʲôҹ㣬Сұ񣬱ǽֱߵŮҲԼ̽˵ģ
ʱԪʵҲ
õĸһñӣʱѾԽĶˣ
ȻŹӣ룬ǸƢ˭ˬȥһٱӡ˼̽ʲôŮӵòҪ
ԪٶȲ죬ĸףʱǹ
׷طŰۣܲţˮǿͷɣ
Ԫ룬Ҳǲܰɡֻ⻰û˵ְš
׷˼˵ţҲ˼̽ȻúãҲñ£ֻһƶ֪ģסŵģǸǰгɣĲȻתƲĴڡôһ죬˱лȥӹšǸƢݵñ˵Լ˵Ļ˱ӣǼ˳ñͷܡһٺôһתͷǷ̽ɣվԶǡñܿӵľ롣
Ȼûãͻʥּˡ
˵ӹ޵һ죬̫Ӵ黹Ҫ֣޵ļױԹ粵һֱŵ˹˸
»鼸꣬һӣӣĿɰŮ
ȵۼݱµۼλϱߵļСң֪ǳԶ˶ĢôģһԴ¾ĴŸɣΪ߾֮ǵԽݣ׵塣
˹ȣԽݳӴ󳤹ԼǸδӣӣ̵Ϣʱһأϵ㡣
սúԤףԽݳؾʧأǰ̫ǸСû죬;˼ҵϸܡΣϣһС£һǰչٱϷأǲ
òͳϢûԮɥһ͵ϮҹսСڶ峿Ԫĸ״ϵʱֻӴ󳤹Тִǹڳ֮ϡ
ɥɥ򣬽ͷδŮͻȻزӴ󳤹ʹԼڷ¡ٳʱѾҡ
ԪԽݳǼʱ̫ˡ
һ𣬴Ҷ쪣ݶǵԪھеˡԼĸ첲룬컯Ūš
ҹˣȥɡһԪӢ˸Ƿ˵
Ԫ˵ͷȥͻȻ֮䣬һĿ⣬ԶԶԼϡоúԵɣƾֱĴҰֻһƬīɫ񺣣ɽ紵΢΢ҡڣʲôˣ


4 
չʱһ̫ɽɽȥ
ɽ·Ԫĸ׵ĻСʵôôͻȥˣ緹ã
׷§ЦЦ˵Եû٣
ԪָһԪӢûԵöࡣ
ԪӢһ£ȴûۡ
׷ЦҲô߰ʵǱǴǶҲͽ鷳ȼȥպˣסϼա
ԪҲ֪Ҫ˶ãǾ͸þټҷؾˣ¶Ҳæòɿʰ񣬰£Ҫĸ׵Ŀ˷ɽҲæ͵С
ҹû˯ãûʲô񣿡Ԫһ·޻׷˲֣ʵ
ͻȻԪ̫зӦĸ׹ػߣɵЦЦ˵û¶
׷̾ѽϯëҲ֪ʱܸġ
ԪֻЦЦܸģǱˡ
Ԫѻ˯³ʱվҲվȣǽ˸׳˱ţֱͻȥ
ԪҲֻƣۣȻȥЪϢ
׷ҲӦˣʱٹ
ŻȥݣͥԺһң۰䣬ȭͷС
ӣĺʡ
СˡϴһЦԺеĴѾľŸٱСӣ̨
ԪһŬŬ죬ʵģ
ľ˸ӣЦ̫ظζСġ
ŶӣͰ͵һ𣿡ԪŽңּ˳Ƥ⻬ȻȽëȥɾˡ
ľЦ˵ˣҲ̫ظıģкЩأСԳˣ˵úܣŽ͹ġ
ԪӰ棬Цһֻ˵ҩԷ˵ģģνǵһˡ
⻰˵ôҶЦˡ
ԪֽӷŻľ˵ˣͽЩӷһ֣һݵһݸС㣬һݸС㣬һݣȥүҳԲ˶٣һʣµģǾͷ˰ɡ
ľЦôأǱߵζСģػضˡ
һЦ
ԪƵ֪ڿЦбۿǣ˵ˣе͵ְɡ˵գ̧Ⱦȥ
ľһ׷ԪЦС㣬ζС㻹˵ˣԺ꼻ŽҹͻῪˣҪҪȥء
ģԪסţľ
ľݺݵͷȻġ
ԪЦˣǿһҪȥˡ
ҹһС԰ʻֱ̫ظȥ
һԽ̫ΣԪϸλ̫طˣԽԪһǼԶݣټ⼸һ٣ҲԵ֣ߵú׽ҹԪҶСν񴦣ҲΪ档
ҹůҹˣߣǶˡ
Ԫڳڣ̯ߺȽ˻Ц̫ƽʢ
ŵнˮŽ˯ŵˣˮȥҹԡһӣԸŵľ˵ͣһͣȥЩˮ
ģҪȰһƫľǸֵģԶ˵ͣΣȡǮ̧εСȥˮ
ͣ·ߣȤԪһӣ
ҿ˵ˣˮǮǲġԪӢڳϣ˵
Ԫһۣѹô
ʩǮɣֵѾü춼ûԷˡ
һſǻԽֵһͷ˹
ԪѭȥԭڵСӣŽ֡ɵúܣǱסˣȴϵõģ̫ۺżȻǼɡ벻ˡ
˼ˣԪ΢΢ۣҿ¡
˵ҲȤǰͻСǵǰλ꣬ͳǮ·̯ĵƻԪƵ˴ǮֱóһӣݸС
ľ㿴𣿡
ľͷСģʹȥ
Ԫɶڣľʾ̧εС˹˵˼仰С˱ͷȺǰ˹ȥ
ԪӢſ˳ϣǱЦҹ˺ģ
ҿģ⡣Ԫü
ԪСסӲҪߵСŤȺǰ˵λӺľȼãԭǽƻ£ֻˣҲСϲﱻԡ
ⷬ˵Ǽʲô˼
СҲŤӽеſǣ
ɵúܣ䣬ͽСϣһö幤ĺɰµĶȻСõġ
˫۾Ƶһˡѽһ䣺ǲҵĺɰ𣿡
ԪС˰ڲͣСн֮ɹƭģҶձҼСײˣλСһɡ˵ţֽСǰһֻͣˣλðɡ
Ǽ˷׷ױȭ񣺡л
ԪС˱ľľ㽻飬СѾˡ
ľȻҲƵһ˵ͷͼˮСҲˣǼ߰ɡ
ǰԪ̲סٴӣȥֻǼ˻ΧС֪˵Щʲô
̫ظŴνڵˣԪԪӢ³ӭЦԪԪӢá
ԪЦţľӹʳУν԰ţ㿴ǵˮء
һǵˮνʱǰһĿڣúúãЩȥƼЩǾ͸ˡ
Ԫбۿ㵱Ҳϵء
νֹȵЦǲҵҵˮҲͺܺˡ
һʱνԺӣŽλСҪ꼻Ժڵƻ磬νСŵǼ꼻Ժӵ룬š
νʮִ󷽵ԪԪӢ£ǵ棬Ǽ꼻
򿪡ִߴľ
֪ڣضǳԼģԪԼı֮飬ʾľʳУóļˮ
ۣĳඹСԲӡν֣ԪʮԾùһ룬Ҩһף͡
̵ͦġȷ磬˵
ëëꡣԪֱҡͷ˵ӣǰβԿ
νȴںԿΣ˱Σǰǵ£ҲȥǷϻ
˵úáԪӢ˴ĴָһֻȴͣЪҨһСԲӣֱ͡
ʲô¶ԪһֿۣνЦǲǷϻ㸸׸ǰյش磬ν˳ɻڿ𡯣ŽЩʱ㸸״ģҲǰˡ
õˣνЦϾҲѾȥˡ˱˵ûˣҲ͵û˵㿴Ѿòˣ٣ҵûңҲûҪ˼ֻҲ㹻ˡ
ǣԪඹ˵һ̥Ů£˵ҡͷͶ˵ˡ
νĬƬֻ̣Цأʱ˵ɡԪЦЦ²СԲӡ


5 
˶ˣžԺУԪӢͻȻƵ
νԭԴµСף˯أϲһˣһĸˣ
ԪŹӣŻܿϽ࿴۰ɡ
νһȻˣģҿɲö࿴ۣ
˵ţⲽȥ꼻ǰһһϸȥ
νһѺ֣⼸꼻һ⣬˶ۿŶһſ׳廹ߺȲԪɣ
ԪȻԵõط˲ѣ֣ʵ׼𣿡
СѾͷش𣺡׼ˡ
νɫ䣺ǰɣô죿һԪٵһвУ
ԪشԣȻҪʢʱĲˡ˵һ֣Ѿ߶ֻź첼첼һļӡ
һ£νֹ̧
ԪӢӿĵ죬νͬ飺糬֪Ϊľһ̡
νᣬ棺ôȥ
ԪִͿν񱼻ҹţתмǲϣһ
˵
νٴʱԺеļ꼻ǹ⾻ȫԪˣѻú첼ˡ
ҿľӪһꡭνȻ״
Ԫֻ˵᲻ãһҲͶҰɣġ
ǿɲСνһڷҵľҵġ
ن䡣Ԫ˼ľԸһǼһ룬һ롣
ν񼱼һһ˰һһ䣬Ǿ͵øңתԼѾ߱ȥҶš
ԪӢʮֲмɣС
νһǱŹƽȥġ
ԪӢЦһʣµİ̹ӣȥˡ
ڶ峿ԪС԰ʻ롣
С԰Խʿ֮ΪԪԽݶ˰ϵׯ԰֮һҰ׷˲ϲԭС㽫Ҿ춼˴˴һסҲʮˡ
ԪǼŶٻأԪǶòпǼҴС㣬øò
Сһǰŷ˳ЦҿɶϺһˣһ趼Ҫȸˡ
ľЦѾͷԽˣ˼ҪС㲻ɣ
ĳһۣ֪Ҳ˼˵գƳСѾŵĺ軨ʳϣЦˣǽݵ꼻˰ɣҰɣȥɩӣСͷóԵġ˵žȥСѾҪʳС
ľЦ˰ˣȥɣ֪ӽջİ˱࣬ȥ㳢һСѾӹʳС
Цţ
ľЦһʳȥˡ
ѾͷذĹԪǰһ֦֦ľ֦Ĳ֩ľʱһš
С㣬ĹǼҹˡ
ˣʲôˣԪһ£ֲʲôµģҲû˵ļҪѽ
ǰĵͷҲǽϲõģǼˣϵģСǰŲȥ̫ظǺžˡҲ֪ĵ׶Щʲôˣֻʱ篽˵⼸£ȥٷ¥š
˵ţԪߴ˴գѹ˵ĸ篽ˣ˵˰ϼ糽㶼ٷ¥ȥźˡ
ϼ糽㶼ȥˣԪſ֦һ٣ǲ˼顣Ҫ֪ϼͬһǷźŵĴѾߣ÷˽źĴѾ߶ȥ̵ˣǸʲôͷ
ǰɣСҲŰɣüԴҲ벻Ǽһӵݣͷ
벻ǾͲҪˡԪ˵˵ˣ֪̫ܵˣ󣬡һЦֻñһǶ˵
ѽСǵġĴԼֻ첲رԹţģ˵ĻŻˣӣҲҪ
ӡԪһ˿֦ģ̧žһͷȥ
ͷԾͽ˿֦֩ӣһ̧ͷּСˣϽ׷ʣС㣬ҪȥĶ
ԪͷҲصشȥ
ȥ˲ᣬ˵ģ֪̫ܵˣһתͷ˵⻰ˣԼϸȥ̽ˡ
׷ڣʱȴɨϵСѾߣˡ
ڿⷿأ˵ҹæٷ¥δ׵篽ǣȥءһδͷСѾͷػԪĻ
ҲգԪûĸף뷴ˣҲһʱһգһССԺ
СԺɾ࣬÷дһСӣһѱŶѵСˣСϣ۵С֧ʣרֽ֡
Сˡ
ϴһЦԪ̧ͷȥͼӵѾ÷ѩ߻
ˡԪֱӣֽʣЦ
Ԫǰ˲ȥ˰ֽдʲôأ
ûдʲôԪЦţȴֽֽиƣҾġͤ򡷶ѡ
ѽд÷ġԪһƣ׻СӼң㣬ۣҪдԽˡ
Сӱ˿ˣǸ˵ģԪЦȲϽСдúá
Ԫ̧ۣڳһֻСԴһ࣬Цƽﶼô˵ţ
ѽͷҪˡԪ㿪֣еСģ͵ŮӸеĻ
֪˱ȣֻԼȡԪһԼķ٣һ˵
ŶԪЦţ䲻ཱུСһѡţۻۻģָãԪԼƽƻΪá
÷ѩöˣһ֣һ㣬ɵЦСһﶼҪࡣ
ҳѽԪ۾˵ţһͲˡɽ
ǸƤģԪ÷ѩ̲סЦ
ˣѣԪǣ˽֪Ŀˣ׶ʲôˣ
ͶҲֻҡͷԪ룬˵ֻԼãǴӾġ
ǣԪɻţԽıլȷھǣƩĸ常йĸǣסھǣǱȻ¡
ޣﻹ˵ˣǾãˣ˵Ҹûһ硣Ԫ֪ز
ȣԪһǺ˺Ҫı÷ѩ˰֣ʾԼްȣ磿һǿ˵˿ڡ
Ԫ᲻֪Ϊλ˼Խ㷢ʣǵ˵ͷţ硣
׹ĸҵıǣԪȷϵ
ǰҪ׹ĸҵıô᲻أԪ˵ţԼҲɻ׹ĸҵıǣģֻ˭أ
Ԫ᲻֪Ԫм˼Ѳˡ֡ԣֻվԺȥ
㣡Ԫἱȥζժ꼻˰ɣ緹ҿɾ͵ˡ
ԪüӦͣأͳԺӡ
Ԫῴ֣ţżæŵģôˣ
÷ѩҲֻҡͷʾ⡣


6 
νʱԪԺǾޱ£һ̫ƽδһ롣
˵صЩ꼻ƬӶûšνȹ£һҲ˷ʱ䣬żɽڿ
ԪǵЦٱҡϷȥν񣬽˦û졣
ν䵭ȻԹԼ˵ţ֪زңȥһҺôҲܴʡһûýװæһҹȴʲôûš
Ķ˲ԸϽȰѽҵĽС㣬ɾͱ˵˰ɣСͰ͵ظϵ˴ȥ֪Щֽſúܣ͸ȥٷ¥СˣƬûС㰡緹ûڡ
ɲǡľҲԹţҲ֪ʲôͣ԰ﵫеʲôöȽǱߣˡ
ѾͷǶˣνǱߵԪɲǸŴµĶأν񸹷ţ˸첲Ӵ˴Ԫı
˵ʱ԰ﾰãòһˣͱװʲôʿˣҳȥȥ˵
ȥԪִӣʲôòһˣⲻǸ𣿻װʲô˼ҪԼȥҲŲȥ
νһ̯֣Ǹ˼Ҹ˵Ļ𣿡
ĺЦҲԹС㣬˿ͣбһ԰ţײã⼸ճȥ밲С㶼Ժŵġ
ʲôνһûļ˿ͣˡ
˵ţһתᣬȥԪɲǵȱƤˣбʲôΣϸ˵˵
ʲôβεģ뵽ȥˣԪֵûӣֻ
Ҫ˵νЦţսѹòᣬ࿴˰ɣ㲻˼ԲűŲ
ĶĶԪüͷšñҿǻӿˣʲôͷ롣úúϴϴˡָͷνԴ
ν̧֣°˵ʲôҪûھ͸ҳȥ䡣
Ԫһۣ飺㡣
νɴֱ֣ȥ߰߰ɣ飬˶ɵˡ
ľҲȰСȥɣٷ¥źСѾͷ˵ˣǼλҪȥأѾˡС͸Сһȥ԰ߣɷɷɡ
ľⷬνǵˣû˶ˣԳȥˣ
ûӡԪΣֻñ
С԰ԭԪ游ʱ޽һ겻סһأȴҲǻ˺Щ˼Ӫɽˮֲ񴫵˰׷˵ϣ׷˵ø洫ҲݲݵģС԰Խ
ãνһŵ꼻޵˵Ǽ꼻ûҵĿ磬ɿӣֻµʱҲջء첲⵷˵ԪʱͿֲһصźЦ
Ԫһس
ǿɲҡνЦѽ˭ͬ
ԪбΪָɣģ˭ɵء
ףָɣ𣿡νһ޹λεسѽ
ѾͷԪЦţ־Ҫȥš
νԹԵؾ͸šţȹھܣһܣһţѽܶ졣
ֻŻͷȡЦԪȴû۾ȥǰͷ˹ײš
áۼֿ죬˿ֹ
ν񿰿վǰˣЦˣԭ޶
ԪԪһ侢װ磬һŵ񹭣һ¨ʲôȥ
Ŷǲ֪ɣׯ˼ֻҰ·ƼˣնûôͽǷŽ԰ȥԡԪ˵ţһйնȥˣҾͺȥѰѰ
ԪһЦˣԼֱ˵ο೶ôЩֲᷣ㡣˶٣Цضˡ
Ԫ޺ٺЦˡ
ôأԪ￴һȦҲûӰ
԰һͷȥˡԪ޴š
ν乭̾ѹҵͷһؼǰûù
ŶѽԪ޾乭ЦǰҴ˸һһ͹ģûùó԰أͷһ⡣
νӹǰѹʱЦͦģѹҲôС˶ö𣿡
ɲҪСȥء첲
ˣǵӹ򣬻ó԰ءԪм
Ԫ޲⣬ȴνȽҰҰָǰ
㣬Ԫû乭ȡ׼ǱҰ񣬳
ŵֻϧ֧ƫЩֻֻҰһţɳԶȻԵãɢʳ
ԪɵЦ˵죬ʹ졣
Ԫߣ˵԰Ԫǰһݡ
νֲ´Ҳһɿ𣺡ǣϰ
ԪҲǫ飬Ԫӹ칭һ׶ˮһǳɡ
ۿֱ֧˻ȻҰȥҰȴ֪ʲôţַ˿ɽʯȴת
Сģ
Сģ
֪˭ȴԪͬѵ
ǧһ֮ʣ˱һק˺ӣһϣֻ֧ϥǶֱֱ˲ݴ΢΢š
Ԫ˵һģɤ۶˶㿪ˣԷ
ʲôԪ˶񣬳ʵ
ɽʯҲת˳һؿڣһδģڵСǺ׼ͷҾŸۼֿһѣֻҾ͸ˡ
˾ܿЦɼǸĴġ
ƫν񲻷ǰһ̧°˵˭ûûͻȻͳ˳ֵܹ𣿡
ǱĩһЦһ˵˵ϱߵŮˮҿԪС㣬ҵúš
ȴڳÿһˡ
νһʱˣ²Ҳܵ˵ˣ˭˵ԪˣС㡭
δ˵꣬ͱԪһѳס䡣
Ҹν񲻽ʵ
ԪȴֻǱߵļ˸һ˵ԭײ˸λ¡˵գ乭ԪޣνתҪߡ
ˣνקߣͷˮɲʶǸԪСӰ

Ȼ˳ֹ
ԪסŲ޿κγ췭˸ۣżԸأٶתȥ
̧֧ۿ˻ǱߵˣߴԪ򶨵ɨ΢΢ЦڵÿǺñ
ãνɴۣɻؿӣֿԪ
ԪҲ΢΢Цֻڵһֻ֣Ծؾճȭ
˭ã


7 
Ԫŭװ˳һ˵ԭģûĵ˸λҵĲǣ¡
RаԪǰӸߣʱ򣬻Ҫ΢΢ЩԴ
겻ǵѽЦ
˵ú˭ƵģԪţֻЦҽпͣ˵̸ȸˡ˵գٴθһקνתȥ
һأRûסˡԪ·ɿ죬νһ߳˺óһ·
ˣˡνԪ֣е
Ԫͷۣȷļˣŷ˽Ų
˵أ˿ˣôŲϼأԭǿɣıѽνȤ
ٺ˵˭ұѽұ硭Ԫֹ
νȴһģǱ磬ʲôˣѲɣ࿴ģ
Ԫٺ˵Ųˣ
涯˸λνա
ǼɣÿǿΣ͸ϻģϷ̨ϰСһ㡣ν֣߬ϲõ
ԪƳһۣʱˮɱˣ¾Ҫѡˣ㻹ЩеûأȰЩ˼ɡ
Ҳаνһ˦֣˵ú㲻ѡһ
ԪҲҾûôͷ
㵱ȻûνƲ죬ԽճĴС㣬ǱʥϿѡǱָλӵΪޣǶ׵ض˵顣أһ̫صŮѡżˣôܲأ
ԪЦˣԼ˵⻰Ҳһ䣬ǳһ̸
ν̧־ȥĸ첲ǻΪ㣬͹㡣
ԪʾУҹҶҡζСȥԶٺõģвУ
νһ첲Ҫ㡣ʼˡ
Ԫһ֣УǾͳ㡣
һҪԱϺʡ
Ϻʡ
ӣ⡣
ӣ⡣
һҪȴ
浱¥ǰɣŲ㰡
ҹԪڰ׷ùźȲʱĸװ׷ʵռǼλˣ
Ԫ۶ԪӢԪޣæ˲ѣװȲ衣
ĸ֪ʣǵûش𣺡ǡ
׷˵˵ͷϸϸƷ˿裬Σ¶һ䣺Ҳ̫ƤЩ
Ԫ÷ǸָղԹˣȻ¶Ҳı⣬˭Ǽλǲġ͡أ
⣬Ҳû⣬ֻƺȲ衣
׷ƵЦЦ˲ѣҴҴǣ˵ǼλҲݣ˵ǽ㡮áˣ
Ԫڶ˵ﶼѾ֪һˣαң
Ƣѽ׷ЦҡҡͷСʱλĸؼʡʱŵλ㻹й˼ҡ硯أôӵֲԸأ
ԪһСʱ򲻶µӪο໹Ҫó˵졣
Ҫó˵죬׷˶˶٣˵Ǽλ˵ȶԼݣҲͲؾ񣬴Ҽ棬ҲһƺԵȡ
Ԫüͷ˲š𣺡˭ǳݣȣ
׷һǴ˷Ҳ΢£ô죬ֻǵˣֻ˵á˵ףǻҪһЩʱأҪͬһϾˣֵòÿԽ棬Ҳĸϲÿ
ĸ˵Ԫʱйӣûͷˡ
ڵڶգνֲ˵ݻ˵˫ϲʩѾˣձҪ¥̨ɵÿգһȥʩ
˫ϲԽݳһϷӣʩ𨣬˫ϲ̨ӡǰӵʩһС˷磬ΪǰѺɤӣֻЪһʱգɿԽݳЩϷǣʩ𨸴ء
УԪԪӢν
ԪϽñͰϷãνҲϷ԰ܵڿ졣ֶʩ𨣬һأĸҲ
ⲻǰЩʱʩ𨲡ţ˿ûʩ𨴦ҽҩġ
ʩ𨲡̨ĵһϷνæأԪԪӢһͬǰˡ
ԪмзƣҪȥģԪӢǰ֣ضҲҪȥġڶױһĿңľȪһȥ
ǹټС㣬Ȼ˶ӵ룬¥ϰԴСѾߣϡٵĺŴ˶̫ظС㣬¥żȥ
żλüѣ¥Ϸ̨ܽڳϷڣƵһ
ʩʱͼλСڴǰ״һҺ֦ѱ˴롣
ӴǵĴˡνЦţ֦˶Сë֣´ʩһأֻϺױֻϷ»δЦţҲżæŵ밲ôҲѴˡ
ʩҲЦˣˣһϵ¥𣿡
Ԫһ̧֦ͷʩЦȶױ֦ҾͲˣû˴ױ
ʩź֪Ҿ͸ȴϷ£ױˡ
ǧ֪ͿǳԺȰɡԪӢѣҿӴһܣţ򻨲úš
һǷģ
ԪҲ˲ѣʩ˾٣󲡳һε̨Ҿף㵽ʱɡ
ʩЦŰ˰ݣԪС㼪ԡ
˵ţһ¥ǲſڴű˴˿һݵӰ˽


8 
ʲôˣ񣡡ľȵҪ˽ϳȥóȻˣȴ˵ϣסؿͷľʵذ屻ĵֱ죬ɼ֮ء
λȾңȾңҳȥȴǸŮӵɳƸɬ̡֮
С㣬⡭ľС㡣
ʱҲһԪһֻҶģˣɷһ㣬ڲˣɫ׺ݣΪ³һ֮
ջߣԪԪӢνһۣ˱Ƕġ
Ԫһͷʩ˵Ȼȥ׼̨ɣһʱ˲ĺʱ
ʩͷ˵Ҿȥˣʲô£ǵú
ԪҲͷĿȥֶ֮ľ˵Ŷϡ
ľȪһشһš
λԪ˶٣˵λʾľȪȥλ˵ϵŮӣ
Ůӷң򾪻ʧ룬޵һͿݣֻü֮䣬ҲƵóɫٿϣȴѰռҵĴֲѣǽгӣϻһֻˮͷŻͦá
żڶŮӣŮзȴɿֹֻλСȾҡ
Ԫӣʵȱޣ˵֪˭ҵĹһ˳ͷѰģʲôˣ
Ůӳţ˵λСĻԭʿȥݴ󺵣ׯڿգｻ˰ҵƵ˾ʱȶˣûǮֻӲϵˣЩƦǹ¶ĸģǿռҼҵķӣ˵Ҫȥ¥ծ
˵˴Ů̲סһޣڲ˰ᣬ˵ҸʵǴȥˣԽݳѰҾ˾ˣɺò׵ȴ־˾ˣܣмҵļȥ˳⡣˾ֻʣһأĲѣӱͲãֳ;ͲˡʵͶ·ҵûһЩСȥݾǮøץҩ
Ȼһˣ˵үҳСȥϳһԭǲȥģ˵ҳһү͸һһӰҾܸȥˡŮĨ۾ҾȥˣǼүҲȷû˵ѣȥ֧Сӣ˵ԺոҲǹϣڶȥˡ
ν˸ԪԪ֪˼ֻ಻ŮӼ˵š
֪ڶȥǼұ㲻Ϸˣ˵Ҫڸźү˵֪סԻȥϣֻ±ǡǲģ˶ڣʵûð취׽ճſҵ˳Զ˾ƴ˳͵
Ů˵ţֹԪν޵ֻλС㣬ܾҳຣСŮԸһӳիΪλС
Ԫνһۣδüڣֻһżű˴ֱƿ
˵أҰ죬ԭǶˡΪ׵󺺹ЦţһӣҪкŵŮӡ
󵨣ľȵŮǰüŭԣʲôˣôҼСż䣿
С㣿ǴһɨŵˣüһǲмҹļС㣬ҵǧүҿǲǲҪԴ˰ɣ
ǧүԪνѲɡ
ԪϵŮӣǴӳģ
ŮʣңҲ֪
ľȴʲΣŵģǶ̫ظҵС㡣
ŶԭԪСС㣬׾λС㡣Ǵ˵ţ⹰˹֣ȴǲмŮӣԭǧүĸ輧ղ֪ľ˳ǧү谮ǷˣҪλС㲻Ҫ£½輧ء
ŮӾҡͷϥԪǰС㣬кãǧǴһȥǱȥˣضû
סڣ˵ʲôأǴٶȻ֣Ҫǰˡ
Ԫ̧ۣʩһ˪ҿ˭ң
Ǵ½ס
žƬ֮ǴֵС㣬ݸ߹󣬷ŮӽӴ˵ˣǧүҲʲô¡ȰţǲҪ⵵ˡ
ԪЦǸʲôҲ˵ң
ͷһرǳ⣬ֵԼһ£ǴϺһһ󣬲ŭСӣ˵㻹ʶ࣬ѲɷҪƲԳԷƣ
ԪЦһǲм뷣ƣҶԣֵأ
ɫһǾͱҲˣϣкǡ
Ԫη֣ҪȴͷһЦһ뷣ƶԡ


9 
˻˭Ԫһ֪ô붼ԩ·խˡ
Ȼ̧һƣͼRҡŰӣˣ󻹸ʮһʵͻ׹Сֳ硣
컯֮£һȺ۸һŮӣʲôӢۺú⻰ȴǴӳ˵ģֱȥǰ棬һҲãֻЦ˵ù
ۼһʱӿӣŷɣƳѰ˼ңǴǣűǿӲλүĪǰ¡
˵⻰Ĺ򣬳RѺԾأˣһ֦˹ذţ˵ˣһƫ£ҲС
ȱԪѣ˸ͬˣһʱͷҿǲ̫ǰһȭҪ
Rȴ˾Ө֦죬һҲûҪ˼
ŵŮһȴ֪ð˳һӣֻǴ󺺸첲һ㣬󺺱໵һ첲˲ȥôͷһˣǱ
R˹³֦˶˳ֶԪǰʢ˶СҲǴ󺺣ֻԪʲô裿
ԪȴǴ󺺣һп˵ίģҲ֪ԼǶ˵Ķ֣󺺶һ䣺ǾߣȻСǣ֮زز
ʱ¥Ϸ̨죬ȴʩ̨ˡ
ԪЦϷˣľͽſʼˣǺϷء
νֻЦЦȴһֱڳRϡ
ԪܣŶǡ˿ǲԸ˵Ǽ֣Ҽұס
ŶԭԪҵݣʧˡν
Rţֻ˵ͷǳֳòЩֻ
ľԪС㣬λ
ԪŵǻŵŮӣʶأͿ˳RȻ¶Ҳͽˣô㶪ȥɣ˵Լе
ţԪԼRüͷһ㿴
Ԫſ޵Ů̧̧°ͣ㲻˵ҪµұӢ۾Ļø㡣˳˻ȹƮлҡ
Rһ˫ۣ΢΢ǽ鷳˦ÿ졣
ŮҲ˵˳RǰȻӣкãȾҰɣСŮԸӵţһӶӵĴ¡
ԪƵŮӵİ󣬳RƿЩӣһ˵ǸҲȱţҲȱݱŸ˰ɡ
ǸѪˡԪĵ롣
˵λǧүǾֵɡνһλǻЩ鷳ˡ
Ԫγ֪Խݳﻹеڶ̾ŮӣƫƫλǣҲײҵġ
ȵ۽źĴ̫࣬ȵۼݱַµۼ꣬ϻ磬ꡣԪżڸݷãҪԹ񣬳һ
ŮӳţﲻңҲȲѡ
νһ˫ϸϸüһˣҪǺã
ԪѹԼˣֺ֦ĳRһ̧°ͣ˵
RһüҪ
ԪŮӣȷϵʵ㵱治Ըٻˣ
ŮӼͷԸ
Ҫ֪ҪصؽʳľأҲԸ𣿡Ԫʵ
ŮµûǰǰɴشӦˣһ˫Ŀ˿Ԫֿ˳RҡţԸС㹫ΪūΪ澡
ԪЦˣ΢΢ӣ˵֪Ǹū澵ģ
Ůɻҡͷ
ľŴԪū澣ǼӣдӾǸģҲз͹ģЩͷģҲҪҵף׵ĲŸҪƩģǶ϶ϲյġ
Ůδϵôһһʱס֪˵Щʲô
ԪҲǿԣΪǳְһѣҪӴ˸㵽ףǾʹˡһԵĳR˾䣬٣ǻҵ˼ˡ
Ræظ˾䣺Ҳҵ˼ˣûôС
Ǻ֪֮Ԫƴסȥۡ
ŮӴƬ̺ᶨΣҲҪǸͷؤҲǱǿ˵ţҧҧ䣬¶ͷֻŮӵļϣһһĺɫ˺ۣⴥĿ
ڳˣ˭ҲûϵͻȻôһ׷ƲͷȥٿԪתͷ˲䣬RĿתɵüͷ˿ȵۣ˵ţӡ
ġRЦţӱһԲ۾Ȼڵˡ
ԪԼӣľŮѣ˳Ȫһ𣬷һӡ
ˡԪӢʳڣĶǴˣֻҪ΢ӣҲˡ
ĹȥˡŮ࣬Ǻѣ鱦Σÿ쳪СлӣǡʣñӴңңи˵ֶΣҹҹĥܲסˣųŽ˯Ӹ˳
żڼžƬ̣Ԫ˳R٣ɡ
Rһֱϣ΢΢һͷô롣


10 
ʩ̨Ϸδһ룬ǧүѰ¥¥Сλֻţˣɷ¥ȥ
أϸɤż⴫ʹһ˭ˡ
䣡ۻȻǰͷĴˡ
żŽңΣ˴ֱ˿
һҪۼҵ˰һ˵Ĵӵ֮£ҡ˽Ҫ԰磬ŵˣȴɫȻһ䣬ֱҪϹ
ˣԣ־ͷסǧүǡ
ŷӦRԼʹ˸ɫڹź˴뱲ӵˣβ˼Ͻתǰ˶ȥţŶųR£кū֪Ǿ¼ݵˡ
RЦЦָſ֦ȴԣֻţͷҲ̧˵þòѽӣԽݳõ
ֵ̿ңеµĸ
ңRЦŮǿʲô㲻ҵģ
øˣֱԩ£ūδǵǿ֮°
㻹˵ûR΢΢ۣ˶㸮˳㻹Ʊ磿
ͷ˵£ūûǿŮūʱؽūǲȥʣҲ֪ūݣĸԸҽġֻǡֹ
ֻʲôԪϾʹ˷Źʵ
Ůӵ̧ЩͷſԪһۣ㱻Rбۿˡæֵͷȥţֻǡ
ʵҲõĻɴתƵȷ;ڣūӣȴūߣ£˵˵ô˵飿
ȴԪЦһʹӣǰôǰˣôδ⣬Ҳ̫ԵЩ
㣡Ԫţߣ̧ͷֱСŮӣ
R֦֣˲ϣıãҲָ𣿡
ūҡٶȻ֣̿ȴ֪طߺء
ԵıѲٶ˵ɣѡһŮӣȥЩǮǲأǾȥ٣⼸ԽݳǵΪú˵˵ã΢΢һЦֻЦ˿۵ףѡһأ
ɵӶ֪ѡǰߣο˾أһתڵأгƵūңһеƾǡ
RЦˣȻǸˡ
ȥżֻʣԪͳRˣRԪΣɻ⣿
ԪЦԳ棬ŮȻġȴֹţһӣһүһѸϻ̫࣬ȴҪɫ¡˵򹷿ˣ˶ѾˣǹҲǴ򲻵õĹ
ƵóΥRҲֻʲô֪ЦˣսǣҼȳְ˱ôæҪαأ
УڿЦ
Ԫɤӣ˵׻˵ʩͼδҲ̫ʧЩƷɡ
RȴΪ⣺˵ʩͼȻʩʲôԱ˳ŵģ
ԪԳ͵һǳԱ˳ŵİɡ
̴õ찡RЦһӣɣҳէԽݳǣ˵ãȥκȨлˡ
ԪܾǸɴࣺҲȥ
ȳRٿڣ˶üȻ˵ˣǰЩʱҵЩ꼻㵱ҵл˰ɡһ̯֣£Ǿˣ˭ҲǷ˭˭Ҳ˭˰ɡ
վȹӣҪߡ
ȵȡRҲվһ̧㵲סԪԼRż˵ˣòԡ
ŶԪ΢΢ԲЩ۾㵹˵˵ôԷ
R⵽ǰָϸϸ밡Ұ£Ը飬ǰ꼻Ҳ֪ժģ飬ܱȵһȻҲ㲻ˡ꼻꼻պұػ㣬ڽ֮£ǻ֮Լɡ
˵໰Ԫֻܽһ㣺Ǹ
գգۣԪҪٷͼˢһȣҡǷΣ޸пţѽȻҿʵǺϲŮӵģ硭
Ԫ죬ҧгݣݣ
RҡӣһſεЦˣǫš
ԪݺݵһأÿֱԽż䡣
ʩױķһ˰ˡԪվ
ˣνͷʵ
Ԫ˵ͷֿ˵ȥɣϵٲȥΪˡ
ͨһֹѱʰɾкᡣǸСˡ
лС֮ͷ˵
ԪʾľԼ˵ȥǻݣڴ˴ң㣬ȥɡ
ٴο˸ͷȥ
ˣνҲǿˡתͷԪĵֻΪôһŮӣĺ𣿡
Ԫ΢΢ۣοģҪˣҲ㲻ͷȥǰͷء
ԼǰͷԪۣһһλȶŰɡ
˵ų¥ţ㱻˽סͷʱԭǾߵλŮľš
ɻʲô·Ըʵ
ľǰһֻɰֻһԭһӡ
ǡ⡣
ľЦСģ˶࣬¹ϲÿԽͳϣЩǮҽκףԼϵˣϼҵ̲ڴüСӰǺõġ
ֽɰظľСѾˣǮҪˣҲա
ѽСģ°ɡľɷ˵֣ǿӲȻתܽ¥ٸ￪ھܾĻᡣ
һӣ˰Σ¼תȥ
¥֮ϣ˽һĻһ
ȫRдЦţ˵ǰݣԭҲǸ춹ĵġ
ƵƣԪŷ٣RҪһ£ͬľ˵ˡ
ľ˳ͷ޷ޣһ£˵ʵС㣬㻹ǲǵãȥ̫ظ·Сë͵Ǯǽȥ˵ģСȫ¶˵
ᵹãһᣬԪˣɲôһ
ô¶أٶȷ޷ޣתһ룬͸ˣ֪ˣң
ľ˵СҲûƼС㣬ǲ֪ǡ
֪ܲԪЦϹˡ˵أôʱΨüۣԭϳˡ
𣿡ľȫȻ֪
Ԫʶȴû뵽
ǣδС㻹Ҫȥ𣿡ľʡ
ԪžԼߵһЦȥ


11 
һҹ˯
ʱδۣԪͷƬŽʯשϡ
̾Ϣһֵ÷ӻʱļ
ľźϴͷʱľЦ˵콵꣬СȥκĽڶˣүֳɵˡ
ԪӾ￴޵Խشˡ
ľһЦǿɲ
ױϣԪȥĸװ׷밲緹Ϊãƽջ˰࣬һϹֱ
׷Ҳע⵽ˣСЦθںܺð
Ԫĵǿɲ˷ϲ¾ˬ
ϲ£ԪӢʵʲôϲ£
ҪѵҪ족ԪͿϼ糽ˡϼ糱ȥٷ¥źԪѺܾûĸ׷ˣ⡣
ˣС㣬үϼ
׷˱ôˣٷ¥ǱʲôҪ
ϼЦŴط˵ĻΪ
Ŷ׷Ҳ£Ϊʲô
ϼȿԪһۣżλ˵ˣ꣬ţ԰ĺͤƷ裬СүҲͬȥ˵ԼݣôЩ죬ȴδʽݼʵʧˡ
׷һЦˣձ˵ˣǼҲЩ񣬼벻ģҲûʲô
ϼҲЦҲ˵أֻ˵ˣǾ˴СүԣʵⲻȥŽգԲƣء
ʹã׷ЦǱŵԪֻǰϵϲ˿ѵȻ޴棬ֻһ˪ģƵģܲɱˡ
¼˼⣬׷˾˵к;ǼλǺЩƷζתԪ˵ǵģҪ;Ʒ裬Ҳ׼ǡ
Ԫü𣬲ƾʲô
׷΢΢ɫ˵ﵽ׻ԪңǶзÿ͵ĵȥЦҽղУӲã޶С¶ͰӢ׼ɡ
ԭһԪЦԪӢʱЦˡ
һٷĹԪ̯һ׮£ųĸ׵Ժӣͼ·ߵһŶʯþӽǰС
첻úôʲôƾ
ľɡС㣬Ǽҵľء
ʱᣬľһۣҲܣŭߡ
ľϽϣֹţָʲô°
¯߶ֳɵģֻгٱЩӣҲȫˡ
ʮֵزԸԪð굽˺ͤϣ˰ڷߣ¯ˮ
ͤ˼壬һںĵͤӣ濪Ұѡ˺׷ǰСԣ԰еһ¡ֲ߱ʱдУԺȥˮ˵⣬·𹤱ȾµǺõģֻϧһ;ˣȴԪ֮ġ
ԪУֻԪӢԪ޹ˣԪӢȪ˼ͣ͵ͤ
ʲôԪǵͣЦѲҪڴ˴㣿
ԪӢŹֻԲʣ泯һƽȣȪнӹһͣ϶˦ߣȡ
٣һԪָľ˵
ԪӢʾҲΪ֧Ҳͬһ𡣡
˭Ҫͬһ𣿡Ԫš
һˮûտһ֧ͣһͷĲɵش
Rʱıһ
ҽܵ˼дЦ
ֳӹ磺˼ҾǸ˼վ￴д
һŤͷ㵽һߵİ
ֳЦֲϣһߡ
ЦҿţĪǿԪҹˣȻô˵
ֳбۿҪҿţôԪҹĲ磬ǿ˰ɡ
һЩֳأ͸ˣ˵ҲûС
Щǰͤ˵ĲĿ
ˣ˵ˣ˿Ц仰Rǰ
⡭ֳֳָָֿ磬ѵˡ
ֳһѣЦ߰ɡ
ǽԪȥһ࣬Ҫվ񣬾ͼŖ̧֣˵Űɡ
ԪӢԪ޿ԪȻͼţ˿ûҪ˼ɴҲͼƽȵˡ
ͤӵС¯ȼţˮðݲĺ֣ԲԪģľȪһ԰ֻ֣Լˡ
RƷ裬ⲽȥԪ࣬ԶĿ˿ͣղȥκҲź԰Ҳз棬ˣȥϷۡ
Ԫû仰ҭȥ棿߯Ҫˣ
˵˺ôҲҪеġԪ˵ţ̧ͷȥ˳RҲ׿Լ˿ܿߣֻ˵ţ˳Ǳ͵Ǯģң㵹ã𱨣ҪǸ
Rװ޹ŶԭĶˣǱѽ
ˣ²ǻܴı㡣ԪһԼƽװɡ˵գתͷ˺档
ˣRЦЦתʾ⽫Ų˴£Ҳ֮ͬʣô㡣
ԪĿǰ˫һô顣
RҲûԾӵ˼£㿴Ҳ˵𣬾ͬյ꼻һ㣬Ҳ֪飬ȻˣǮ͵һ£Ҳǲ֪ġȶǲ֪飬ҰᲢأһ¹һ£ǻϸϸ㣬ȽϺá
ԪЦһŶôأ
RԲ˵꼻أұǻỹģһأҲ͵˶ҶҲĸ֪ģڱҾŮһ£δúʡ
ԪЦǽһأʾͤһУʲô
Rһ˼ЦȻǱþ֮꣬ͺ꾰ˡ
үģԪŭûôƤˣ֪ܣ
֪ԼòᣬRе⣬ʵûüʣΪҪŮӣǮ
ô֪Ԫ͵תͷЦӯӯģдˡһоաµǱײˡ
ΪʲôҪ㣿Ťͷֱ˺棬ȴһ
Ϲˣվϲ˵
һβ㣬Ԫ֮󣬻أѾǷϴ󾢣Žβ˹ӣʢˮľͰ
RüͰȥĴ㣬ܵء
Ԫţֻľ˵ǾͳƬ
أRһʵ
ԪǱһ̧̧°ͣ˵;ҪԣԼȥѽ
С㡣С
Ԫȴֻû泯R΢΢Цû˵Լֵ㣬Ųء


12 
RûԸȥ㣬յس˼裬Ȧ羰ֻȥˡ
ǰˣԪҲæأʰ˶ݡ
β㣬Ȼȥ˴ɩ
䣬Ԫȥĸ׷緹ѼⶼУֻΨû㡣
أʳͲˡ
Ѿͷشٷ¥Ǳˡ
ԪüͷšСѾͷһҲٷ¥Ǳģ˵һС㡣
Ԫչһƣһ֣Ҿãӱ㣬Ÿ
ûдֵ˭Ȼҡ
ǸǿýһţӵϣԲҪٲţݡ
÷ͣͣôһ죬ţǷ硣ǣò׷˵ԪΣһԸĸҪöĴñӾͱ۵ԼԴϣҪųRȥκ
Խݳһ⻨ͭˮ濪ƽʱһ񣬴˵ĸױڴˣ˴˺˶
ͷã֮񻰹Ⱦīʫʵ׺黳ʱЯ죬ѣһһʫԣ˿͡
ԪͷһκʱöˣҽǱȶûʲô£ֻſ˴ϣ滭ϵּһҹ
һһ̲ס̣ӵÿǲʱˣѾˣ׻λεͷҹɼһϵˣһҲװ˷ּһֺá
𣿡Rʵ
ûش𣺡ҪڣǾ͸ˡ
һǳЦǱֳۣԪûЦҲͷʲô¡
ƵƮţͷ磬ǳԪԼҪ˯֮ʱƳԶϵһĻʱˡ
λ岮кãͿڷ԰ɡڵС;·š
ԪԺܺãһ۾ϳˣǲһز͵˳RǮӵС
ͷߵˣȻԺõĲֹ
ôü˿Rֿ˿ֳ磬ǲȥ˴𣿡
ʲôӣֱͷһй£ԪϽʵ
Ȼɵ˯ŵԪӢһ
ӣֶֻȥԪӢĶ䣬ʳRǣʲôӣ
㿴ңҿ㣬ûһڵġ
ԪȴǸˣֻ˴ʱ飬±ʮ֮˾šüȻ״Ǹòᡭ
ҪЦRʱµЦ⣬һ˵ҪԼ˵ɣҲµס
ջǳһ˦֣̾ˣ½𣿸οеҲ¡
ԪŬԼҪЦ˼ϰڳһ˵ߺԭҲͬСûǮͷߡ֪ȴȿ˵ǼлвΣϸ͵ȥƣ˵ǲţǿȥ
ȻǾȥˡԪ
˵ͷӿ޵ÿǾȥˣȷиϸס©éȥˣƲϯûУž˵Ҫǿͷȷʵѹ͸˵ӣԽݳʱȥһﶤƣǼʦ˵ҸͽܣǾӣȥӰʦΪǻᰲĹȥ˭ָ֪˰ϣҲ˵ȥˡ
һģ϶ÿԪȻоʮֵغЦҪڳһͬģȷǹǵĺˡ˵
ŖͷһۣתͷȥԸ
ԪѲɣҪȥлС
˰ǰΪRֵӡʱԪ֪׿ǳR֮һһ˻ʱСɷ·С̶
ү˴ˡ͵ˣɰҲȥˡ׿
ģСˣģ߶ʮһȸ˵
˵ɣR°ڣǣǸʦѧôֳ͵ˣ
ңǡСһֶۣ˵ˣֻͷһδӡ
ô˵𣿡һԳҲڵߣߣӣǱҪְ
ôôԪӢڱѣ۾ૻ
û¶ϷԪ֣ʾ
Rǳһۡ
ˣǲ˵Ǿ²°ɡԪӢԪֿСɻߣ΢΢һЦ
˵ǼлһΣϸģʳRˡ
һ˦ӣǻм٣ǿ
ֳҲͷȷˡ
ԪЦŶ˭˵˾ǵĸأ
Լϵѽһ̯֡
Ԫȴҡͷǳھǣţǲ֪ôһˣרŹ˼ҵĶŮ㣬ָС΢һЩģ򷢳ֵ͵ģЩĺӣǱֽţϽŪϹƣһзϣǲŽĳ֡룬νġϸ˰ɡ
ǵģ˵ѣԴЩ׿˵
ôأһţǣסéݡ
ԪΪֻ˵ˣˣͳһŻһ֯ڽ̣϶˻ȥͨ籨ţúһУȻܴЩϺݺһأ
ʣ򣿡üëšһˣȻǺϲԩͷƺš
Ԫһۣȷѣȥ
Ʋ죬ȥС𣿡
ȻˣϹ˵곤Щ
˵Ϊβȴֳ͵ԣȴǳRʵ
ǴЩ죬˵
ԪһЦ˵⻹ˣȻҪˣϱа
Ļ綾Һһ㣬
RҲһۣȴûʲô顣
һʱ˵еΡֳˣɤӣʵ£Ǹô죿
RԪΪأ
ңԪЦ⻹ʲô˵ģ͹ٰɡ
һҪ٣СøˣţҲȥҲҪҪ׾֣
ԪǳԴۣɴתͷȥٿ
ȴR˵ǣǻȥѧͽأ
Ƕ˶ʱְ
ҿҲ޸ĸСȥǿԸϴĸ棬Ӵ˲ǵ͵֮£ַָʦѧգı·Ըٸһλᡣ˵
ǲɵϹһصҪȥϵڶ ԪЦǻʳﳤģһ²Ĵȱ֮ġ
Ȼ⻰Сͷһʦúѧգٲ͵ˡǱ֤
RͷٻҪġСһЦץǣȥץǵġϸģȹƭͯˣҪϳ͡
ͷŸ˵ǣ
ֳһҪѣͱԪȣ˵ӹ˲̸֪ܼ·Զˣȥץˣ
˵ģ˶ߣֻŽ׿ȥˡRԾʧ󣬶ʱղѡ
Ҳˣ׿˵ǻȥӰɣʦϼӿܣ̵򲻿㡣
׿ӦͷɥСתҪߡ
ѽˮƯһأڴʱһŮͻȻ


13 
ˮ˺ܿͱΧ۵ﶼѾƯˮˣﻹʲôļʣ
ԪӢҲҪ´ȥԪΧŵһȦˣ´ȥȺ
ǾԶԶվſһҶô˵ԪӢ֤ԪҲͰˡ
ҲҪȥȻ˻R̲סʵ˼ҵĹ㣬ûǵˣƫҪȥƵġ
Ԫһ̧°ͣ˵ۣΪʲôȥ
Ȼĵ¿ηΡRֱҡͷ
ˮ˱ðϣΧ۵һһ㣬޲ҡͷ̾Ϣ
Ǹˡ
ˡ
üӴ
Ƿ׷˵
һ£һ¡һ΢Ϥһͷ
ʱȺľʹһʹޣ˺ѷΣ֮
ġֿʼ̾
Ԫһľǲʵ
ľϸ˻أǵġСǣôأ
ǰԪôأ
СƫƫRһۡǸɣһظ
ˮ˵ʬ״ļҾҲˣһΧ۵˸̾ϧһҲɢˡ֣ˡ
ֱһ̣Ԫڿ壬ˮʬԿ޵ģǱˣ
и򻨵̫̫һȰĹģôﰡ
֪ľ仰ԭڳʹңҲãͶԾǸТŮͶģҲŶѽ˵ţҪȥ
ʱ߾ֻǸ̫̫ѹסֻţһԾͨһ˺
ѽţ̫̫
׿RȴûӦ
ǸŸ磬ӣ㲻ӻ𣿡
ŶRȷˡ
㻽
ӦʶˮԵ·ˣӶȥ˺üסš
һӵĹԭɢȥˣֺһ£ȫӿ˻
ǿš
ǸТ˳ġ
ɲ
ֿʼ̾Ϣſ
ôĶѲǵĹ
ÿÿǺţĸŮĸǰʵⶼôһ°
Ƶֿˣŵ£һһ˵˱顣
ö˶˵ô˺üͷһ壬²ʲô飿ˣҴȥϸϸˣȥˡ
򷽲ˮڻ֮Уʶͱһ̧ߡ
Χ۵˼ˣûʲôƵˣѸɢˡ
˹ˣȥ·ϣľսС㣬˵ǷŸӣż죬ôֳأ
ԪҲ֡һ룬Ͷľ˵˼仰ľˣСһۣͷתͳһȥˡ
RһƵô㻹Ҫٰһѣ
ԪתͷüҲǵƵˣֻƸ֣ȴûƵףŽȥˡͷŸ񣬿ҹﶼҪ˯žġ
ǽ˸ȥɲʲô
Ԫббһأ㿴ں𣿡
ȭ֣ˡ
ʱһ£κ֮˶ò飬£Ҳ뿪ˣѰ羰֮档
ԪõС±ţɴֱԴؼҡԪӢ˫ǱŵģRˣȴֻȥˡ
ľֽſ죬ԪŻصС԰ûãҲͻˣӦζСȥˣʱ͸Ϣˡ
Ԫͷתͷȷţһһɸɫߡ
νԳЩĸҲ̫СӣǾľͷһá
ⲻڶ峿θ£׵
˵ˣĸףȷˮҲû˻ĺۼ϶ʧˮѰ˶̼ľС鰸ǰšü˵ȲɱٸȻҲͲ׷ȥˣֻĸ׵ʬԻȥᣬվѾˡ
ԪʰΣһʣд˸ȡ֣Ƭ̣˵ȥưɣҪæĵطһѡ
ľһЦˣζСҲĻأд贫˻ȥǱ߿
Ԫ̧ͷҲЦȥɡ
ľӦųȥˡ
ԪֿǸȡֽ֣һţȥ˵ϡ
ľٻʱԪԪʶд֡ľվ鰸ǰҪڣȴԪ棬˵ֻüصȴš
ԪȻƽƤЩСҲģľǸӣתͷԪ˵ҾˣЪЪҲȥЪŰɡ
÷ѩʧʱؿڵǰСҲ˸óҩʱˡ
ԪᵱһС˵ջظղŵǾ仰üô
ԪСԴЦе˵ˡ
ԪȣٲȻļԪӵͷߣͬʱľĸѾˣֻǡ
Ԫͷֻʲô
ľһҾȻɥĸĵùͷԲŻ˵Ҫȥĸо
Ԫתͷǰһá
ãǻ˵أʡ
ľȻģοҪңֻҪһ˭֪ĵطȥʲôùƻƾһӰɡ
ԪĻЦ
ľЦˣԼҲе㲻˼ʵ˵ʲôԣ
Ԫÿ˶ڶͷϷȣ΢˾٣ȥǴƵ˵ɵѾͷ㲻Զᶮã˵﾿ôġ
νأνͬܣûõϣˮů֪ˡ
һĹԪԪӢִС԰ʻ̫ظȥ
νԺԪ˶ϵãȻϵ
˵״̬ãǰߣѾѰһض̼ˣ¡νͷԪ˵Ҿͽ˽˵ǲȥѰˣȥҡò׼ֻýˡ
Ԫ˰֣ȥʡ
Ԫˣϣһ˿顣
ˡϻҪԪͷСĴ£ⱲǶˣֻպΪСǰоСһƽ
Ԫʾľȥ
˶Ԫʵ˵ĸûˣȷˮһҲãҲпж˴̰ͼĸϵΣ˺أ׾ǵĻӻȥˣ
νҲͷǰ
ԪֵȻˣЩֻû˵ɡ
ҡͷ˵ŨصıȷԼ˺ġ
ξƶأѲɣ׿ڸ˵𣿡ν񼱵
ȦٶȺˣԴ򴽣̧ͷֱԪԪӢν˵ȷҲ׿ڸ˵ġ


14 
Դ֮󣬲յĹǵ£ټԽݳﴫ˿޷ӸĸŮסĶңһûͣЪŲҪҹȥ
û˸ǧү޵ˣܱܲҲĸŮɵ׻ԼСҸΪҪ
ûİ취ǮҲûֻôĸףס˳ƶ
ɾƶ˶ָָ㣬ЩɾĻԽ˵Խ
ĸԭȻ֪ģֱӣ˵Ĺ򣬹ſڴͼӴףȲ¥˵Ҫþʡ
ʱǶѾˣֻʣף޵ġ˵һ֮ŶԵ
ҲͿޡĸŮ˱ͷʹ˰գĸʹˣˣͱȥϢ
ĸ˯ˣȥ󷹡
׷ˣٽȥҪĸһڣͷ֣Ͼɾɵı룬ֻǲĸ׵Ӱ
ӵⶼһȦҲûĸסǰĸ׵Ƿ÷裬˼벻ȥѰ˶̼
Ǽ϶꣬ŵʱûдɡ꣬ҲϻȥڳĴתѰţ˾ʣûмһҲѵĸˡõĻӦһµģûûС
ġһҲĸףһղͣЪһһգһģҲһ³һա
ܿ죬ϵһĻ
ң˵ϣ̧֣Ĩ۾˵ҸÿסҰģӦģô͡˵ȥΨ
Ԫʵ˵и˵ܸŵˣҪϧġ˵ڣãʱ˵ֻûʲô壬粻˵
˸ʻ¶⣬Ҫ𣿡
ʣֲ˰ᣬ˫ֱԪᶨǣ¶ģֻΪмλо롣
Ԫʳָ棬ΣˣҾٰһѡ
νķԪһ⣬ľ͵ͬһ
νԺſڣתͷԪһЦҲ¿һ̳³Ըٻȥ
ԶԪȻȴ֮
ϵ¹ⶼԪصС԰ʱôƣܿ԰ɫãԪӢڶϷֿҪԼŻȥ
ľȥ˸ɽϣͶҹһСѾߣǰͷ˵ơĬĬţСѾ߾ͻȻѽһԭǸݴĳһֻСӸŵˡ
ǸСģŴȥһҲ£Ԫرض˵ȻȥɣҲԶˣԸ߻ȥС
СѾԭԥԪǿһ飺ȥɡ˵
һ仰˵飬ͿɼĵˡСѾɴ⣬У˵Ҵ·ء
ȻСӣôõɫڡԪЦҡҡͷǰƹһ¼Ϳɽʯϣһˡ
һ·Ԫ˵ֻܵԪޣҲ˻Ҫ׳˶ЩڸļҶԺСǣĸ׹ܼҼϣǶϲ˷
ԭƬ̣ǺʯϵȻ֪ĴڣΪĵһ£ķ˵Ӵ
Ԫ·﷭˸ۣ⻰˵ģһ
ôǳRԪҲûôˣղܿСѾһ񶼲Уֱ˹ȥ
ңRЦЦ̧ͷϵ£˵°
ŶǺ°䲻˵ߡ
ȴRɫôã㲻ͬһͣЦʡ
Ԫͷأ˵ƽѾͷһͬ¡
𣿡RЦŨǰãһ㡮áҲ㲻ӦǷ˵
ǻΪˣܲܳƺΪ¡ɣԪתһ˫۾ɵԲˣ޲ܸɵȥ
˹Ȼ𼤡RЦţͷӭŭߣ˵˵Ǹȥɽ̫ˣ
Ԫȴ£ô֪ɻʣ¶ҲҸС񡭡
RĺʯЦеس˵֪Ǿ˵
ˣרԪ룬ȴְ಻סĺ棬׻˹ȥԶ˺ʯһϡ
Rƺ⸱ģֻҪѾˡʼţ׿ȥѾߣҪȥͶһ䡣
Ԫ⣬ľһҪúýѵһʲôŽһҡ֡
վ֪ˣҪûԵ£ҾȻȥˡ
˭˵ûԵˣRЦЦ뿪
Ԫƣת˳Rޱ飬ʵʲôأ
ΪʲôǸôã
ԪȴʵľȻһ䡣
ĬƬ̣˵һʤ߼Ҿ͵ڻˡ
Ŷ𣿡R΢΢Դ𣬡ȻˣΪζСȴǵأ
Ԫüͷһ壬вãѿڶ⣬ܵ𣿡۵
ȻRֻЦţɶ
﷢飬ƳһĴ˵ϣҲѵˣֵþȵġ
ж˭ֵþȣ˭ֲֵþأR׷ᣬƩ˵ǸţҲôʮִˣǵңҲ˼ȴһ٣ٶΪأ
ԪһԲۣ˵ΪǸŮˣҾƲŮܿѣй˼ҵֹϺһӣҲԸ
ԭRЦ㲻ԸСΪеģ
ԪЦϣҪ˰ۺ־أǿɲŮ˺ùöࣿΪҪ˵ˣСԼľͲǻᰲĹˣҲǰϹû
RЦô֪ҲǰϹ
ԪȻǶ׿ˣҪȥʦѧգż찡Ǿ͵˳ȥɹƭ͵ҲҪˣһж㻹ǻȥҾֱ˵˰ɣǿʦˡɽ׸ıƣŰɣһأʲôʱߡ
˵һͨųRֻô粵ֵǣ˰죬ҲûRº棬ֿ˳RȴӭĮߡ
ˣЦ׿ȥȥǣСˡ˵Ŷ˶٣ߴԪƿ˺棬¹ͣӳĺˮԡ
ǲ͵ˣҵĲ׿ȥȥġ˵ţЦ£˵ĶǶԵġ
ǶԵģԪȴãûжˡ
RվغһԪЦˣ˵ˣʱҲˣȥɣҲˡ
תҪߣȴڱ˺ס
£˵ϾôһˣǾǺܻôŬҲı䲻ǻıԡԣ㣬Ҳþ̫ѹˡ
ǼžôһֻüһһRת˻վԪһ˫ӣ·ˮʢ˽ҹõɫ
֪ˡЦŵͷл㡣


15 
һ죬Ԫţֻ鰸ǰд˰ֽĺľؽˡ
С㣬СǾ𣿡ľŸ˵
Ԫ̧ͷľʱɫһʲôҲǣ
⻰ĸ첲һľ˵ʲôţ
ľֹţǿҲûб˵ˣŵģֵǮĶˡ
㵹ǻʡǮԪЦˣҪʡǮȥԽݳʱʲô֬ˮۣӣһʱ͹ȥҲˣôûɣִʵֳľ˵㣬ѽ㣬ݼ˿ӣһ˿һ㻹Ǵء
ľǺЦˣϣͣˣҾͳȥʱ˵֬ˮۣСȥС
˵žҪߣֱԪסˣ¡
ľͷ˿ȷȥ鰸ϣŸģ͵Цȥˡ
ԪǱ˿ȣŽõ壬޶סõһӣ͸ǸѾͷţ̲סӱһ
νͬã޼Ƣԣȴ֮νˬʴ󷽣غƣƫƫӣȴǸļƣȴֲʹ
ǰνĸ׻ʱúɵĸ׻Щĸȥˣθլ֮£ͬĸϣƣٲȻҪƿμˡ
ⲻһСļ֮꣬ŪñνȥĻҪЩҪԪĸװ׷ˣȥΪǡν֪󣬲û
׷ΪҼǵģνԪⲽ˵Ѿĸ׵£ĸȥˣδȢ޵Ҫĸ׵λΪŮҸײ˵ҲͰˣڻ벮ĸޣҲ䣡
ʱԪϸһأȰ˵Σ㸸׼޷Ϊҵ˼ĸһλɿҲˡܻλôһ졣
ܣνһڷ񶨣ҸӦˣûĸҵĵλ
㸸׵ĻôԪʵ
νĬκŤͷ˴Ӱشֻ
ԪҲĬŪ׹̾Ϣţ㲻ġ
Ҳ֪ȥûС
һգţ·꣬Ӳ㣬Ԫͽбظ£ֻһȥˣ˭ĸǰո˷纮ͷʹϵĳפ˵ˣҪԴ
ŵʱԪſ˳Rһˣǳ첻꣬Ҫȥ䡣
ǮйӣܼҡԪ롣
ҪȥRЦеʣͬ·
ͬͬԪҲѧģƤЦⲻЦλɡòá
ȻȺӵܣǵһ㶼ǫãҡڵأȥˡ
Ԫʼڣҹ϶ǹϣŻȥͬǸһ԰οֱˣ̬ȣǰѹûʲôҪ˶
νҲǿҪһ졣Ǹվ˱ĸ׵λã˼
Ǽǵˣ׷˲Ǿʱϵ׽⵹νݺݳЦһء
ǸĸеģǴǼҵġһţѹϲ̨棬ֻ£Ӿ֣һζɡ֮νͬԪôȤš
ϯʱʱ߹ԪνһѣС㣬ˣҪȥСˡ
ȥȥһǲɣνм
ԪЦô˵ʮУг״Ԫ˼㣬Խݳ˼ңɼҲеġɲѧСƲũ̵ġ
ν񡰆㡱һŻףָȥ˺ºӽø죺ʲôģҵûǿɶͷĴţ˵Լ̫ش˵ءޣҲ䣿
ǣҲ䣿ԪӢݺ
ԪգգۣǰĲ豭һڣЩˡ
Ҷ˼ν˵ҲƲЩʵµˣҼõǸĸ˵ҡͷлᣬ̹֪Ϊλˡ
ԪϽҲҡͷǧ˰ɡ
νЦһѣûġ
ϯûʲôóԵģν˼ŻףԪӢ˰ӹӣԪãȲ衣ò׵ȵɢϯν˵ûԱۻԺȥҽɩ˿
ԪȻȻӦʡɩӵ˿棬ǿθһ
һգԪԪӢֱνԺְʱ򣬰׳ڶĽӣŻλƣҪؼȥ
νԭ붯Ԫôȥָö೤ˡ
νһͦĵҪɢʳԽݳŮӡ
θĺ԰ȴõͷȤԪʱһһ滮ġνǵŪݵı£ĸ׵һ
Ӵ˵ŮãǸ㣬ҿҲȲġûкüˣҿءҵ˼ǵøϽõģ
һϣԶأһе
Ǿϵ׽ˣνվסţԪ䣬˵Ǹġ
ͣ£ͷŵȪͱҲͣԪͷһۣν񣺡Ǿˣ
νʳָʾ˵
ԪƲ죺⻹ʲôģûĺû
һͱν¸첲
ͷǼֵ˵ţĸŸռأô˵Щһνã
ѽ˵񰡣ĸǻڰ㣬㻹졣ĸһЦ˰ˣԵҾͲ˵ˣ㶼ġ
ǶǷеĳ滰Ҫģܱȵùǽ㰡Ҫ뾩ѡأ˵׼ͱʥϸˣʲôģǲ渻ء
ʲôͶ̥ĸĶȥҪ˵ÿɱˡ
ԹңǸҵû񡣡˵ģˡ
Ҳ˵ĸֿˣﻳţǸȻͷ㱻һ죬Զ𣿵ȵʱҲܽѡȥˣҲ
ȴЦˣЦЦžְ̾
һ쵽ûͰ̾ģΪԼǲʩν̲ס˰ֹۣ
ĸǰЦ˵ǵʱĸɻʵѡ㣬ҲǼһεģ»ѡҶˣʲôﰡ
治νҧ˵
Ӵ˵أҲ˾ҪҸ÷㶼ԸģԭȥİĸЦ־
ңҲûأĸ㾡Ϲ˵
ҲǵģֻȤ
ôǴȤأĸ˵ţ˶٣˵˵Ǹһѡǣ
ǰ
˵Ҫ͵Ů
û
ⲻˣĸһЦֻ˵ѡ͵Ůѡ㣬񣬲ҲǼԪϵ£⣬Ҳ˵ǵŮ
⡭
ĸ˼ǡ
ֻҪǽ˾ɲ䵽Ůͷˣ


16 
νһƵģԪԪӢһʱ벻޴֣ҪĥԼ
Ȼʵ֤ˡ
νһӣ͹ս鷿ֱǽϹŵǱȥ
ҪʲôȥԪסҪٶȳȥν
νҧгݣĲʣҪȥɱǣսеı
侲㣡Ԫʹס
С㡭ȪվſڴɫνǶҽ
Ԫͷ˵ŹϣԺˣ˭ҲܽŵΣ͸¶һֳȥ
ϽӦˣһһߣš
ʲôȥν
ҽҪţǲˡԪԼͷ󣬸ġ
νĿѣ㷽ҲˣǶ˵Щʲôʵ
ʲҲøʣԪ֣ʹЩˣڹȥҲϣԼ˵Щʲô⣬ֻݾߣպ鷳󡣺ο㻹ŽʱǷҧһڣ˵ƽ޹ʾҪˣָ磿ǵĻûӰӣĽȴʵʵġ
һֱ˵νͷȥбҲ˵һ˵ϡ
ǣǡ
ԪһξӨ飬̵ɫĵשϣˤꡣ
ѵҾҪô𣿡ν̲סʡ
ԪۣȻ̣ǻҪأȫǡ
ʲô˼ν̧ͷĿɻ󣬡ô
Ԫ΢΢һЦռһƣǾǻãѾ֪Ǵʲô⣬ԡʾν񸽶
С԰ʱҹιĳRˡԪԪӢȴǺֵܿӣ˵Цɡ
ԪRҲߵǰ̧֣ݸһֻֽԽݳĳ¼ӣҼ壬㳢ǣ˶٣лɡ
Ԫһ£ŷӦ˵л񣬴ָһںȰο
뵽⣬ҲûӹǰӣҼ壬ֽġ
֮ɫ̫ԣR̲סʵ㲻ģϯʲô˵𣿡
Ԫ󣬳ֳ綼СˣСǣȥǡҲûȳR˵˵ЦЦ;ˡ
ġĻ⣬˿Զ䵽档ԪӢֻߴĸϽǰӣҼ壬ѹûעߡ
ԪǰߣȴǰR࣬ʼձƽеľ롣
ϣ˵òԡãԪڵ
Rͷֻһ䡣
˵Ͼкܻˣ˵òԡ٣ȫԡЦһˣǲǺܻر𻵣ȫ˹ͷ
R֪ΪζۣضҲʲô¡
˵ԪͻȻվת˳RߵԵʣҪ΢΢ͷܶߣˣ֮֮ҲһΪǻ𣿡
RԴߣ룬˵㲻ǻˡ
ԪЦˣҿܻɻˡ
ֳ˼һ£ҡҡͷ㲻ᡣ
ԪϵЦ⽥ţĩˣȹϥ˸תȥ
ıǻʣһӣҼ壬С׷ȥ
RĿͶʧ˼ɽսǴԼ̧ͷ˻죬תߡ
ȥݣҹѾˡԪͷ˷٣ֻ˼ҳѣͼĶֻ״СԲ͸ϺӣҼ塣
С㣬һ˵
С㣬㳢һ°ɡľԪŻµѣЦ˵ţ˸
ԽûˡЦţĸ첲һƣ֪ˣ㣿
ľЦۣС԰ɡ˵žͱѣһȥˡ
Ƹ͵ġЦ
ԪԾǰת̧˿ӣҼ壬ϸϸһغ󣬲ҧһڣţϤ
С㣬ˣĵζС׮£Ҫ𣿻ͷǸ˺ү֪ˣǡ
ұԪȴǱ򿪵ҩҪ࣬ģҲЦÿɬģһҪ࣬ҶܰһѣοԽݳõˣһҪΡ
СƵİúúãǰ
ʮպԽݳ̫δ˵ٳ£еͷģ޲ȥء
ԪθãȻҲٲǼһݡ
μǰбŮ;ͱкȥ˺Ժϡʱֵģ㲻ʮȣдУ
ԪԪӢνһ飬ɫ糣һȡЦԷΣһ˿
ƹѲŮǱأϯ໥˵ЦνͬԪԪӢ˵أתͷͿˡ
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νЦ⣬ûʲô˵Цѣֵһᡣ
Ҳ֪ԼͣҪҲ㲻ңҲ㣬յ˹֣νǵûͷߣ෴ľƱνЦ㣬ǵĺӣҲһΪˡ
νЦû˵Ⱦġ
Ԫ棬׼ν㼥ʱҲҪ졣
ңԭǸ챿ģ˵ЦҲǡţžƱ֣ȴδ¹
ˣҲ˵ˣǵĺӣֻڵϣҲҪĵġν˵ţԼľƱһ
ûþƱ죬һƣȥνȹˣľƱڵһ죬߰ꡣ
죬˶߿˹
νûôģͷȿҲãʧŪ˶ȹӡ
νȻŭģʯȹ˵棬Ҳ÷ֻͷȥšȹϵľơ
æⲻɣС㲻šȥһĺá˵ţкѾͷǣźСȥ£˰ƬˣˡٲȻһĸɡ
νҲѣкԪԪӢǸһȥ£ÿġ
ԪҪԼͱȣԪЦͲͷԪС˰ɣСʧŪ˶Сȹӣ͸СġȹͷһһģҲ࣬СĲ˶Сɡ
ҲͷѾ˵ȥҵȹȥ㷿
ԪбۿνЦЦƼûöң᲻Ҷһ㣬޲Ҫź㡣ԸȥɣʡҸǰۡ
νݺһۣߺߵˡ
ҲԪЦЦ߿ˡȥķҲǸνȥġ
ԪԪӢţԲ˺Ⱦƣ޶ԡ
ֱһ̹Ŵź˴룬ҲһӣɲνӰĸװ׷˶ʼˣѾͷôҪôãܣҲá
Ԫ˸ǰţһ̧ͷͿ͸ܽ˻һغѽҼﶯ̥Ҫ


17 
һҪˣ˽һⲻŰ˸ôҪˣ
͸Ҳ᣺ūҲ֪ǰúõģͻȻˡ
ϵˣ
ǰ׷˷Ӧ죬ʵű𣿴أ
͸ϽͷһˣֻǴûá
׷ԳֵϽŹȥٽгˮ˵ţֻ篹˻ȥԽԽá
篴Ӧתȥˡ
׷˲һУͣ㣬Ҫȥ
ԪԪӢԭҲҪȥģȻ׷˵ѪȣδĹңɡ
޷ֻ¡
Ƭ֮θĹܼڵÿճǸⰲ˴ң˵ڿˣдҷġ
ԪԪӢ£ʹȪ˲ȥ˺Ժ
;Ժӣվڻ£Ǳģĸװ׷˾վԺ˵ʲôһƣͽ
·һͷٵԽ̫δˣͬϵĽŵǣ̫ϼŭûԺӣֻץ˸䣬תˡʱĲʱĻҪ죬·𱳺дڸƵġ
ˣԪ̾˿ԪӢ˵ˣûʲôˣ߰ɣؼȥ
ԪӢ˵ͷȻȥ
̫ش˵һ磬Ļ
ڶһ磬θϢʱ֣ڲһӣֻʱ̫ãĸӶ˾ȫƾһ˴˵ܻҲӲã벻ҩˡ
ľһԪͷһ߶߶أԼЩеûģһһ˵
԰ժʻϾԪߣҡͷһǾޱͬʱЦľͷҲô࣬ʲôĶҽ
ľңʲôҶ֪¶˵̾δ˺׵һӣ
ԪЦδʲôģڵֲоҪҩҲ㵹˵˵ʲôÿģ
⡭ľһʱ
ԪǶǾޱڷѰźʵĵطǼ˭˵ԼΨδˣûʲôÿġ
֮һգãԪȴҲδ̤һǲˣæʰװҪ³ǰȥĸҹڡ
պνˡһݣͿɹһԺӵ飬Ҫ֪ģ»ΪĸҪ鿼ƾٵѧӵء
λѧӡ˱ϣҡϣд˯ء
ν˹ȥ̽ͷһǲӡŵ֣ͷеĻӡ
СҲ¸ƼˣҪ쿴ˡνһƿ˻ӣ
ԪۿãԼ˸˵ӲŹ˲ء
νǺЦţҲҪҡ
㻹ҪǹճˣԪòУֻתͷŭ
ǹءνɴԼȥżһ棬ҡα
ԪƤúܣռȵҲǵӦ֡һʹνԼĻӣϸϸƽ
˵ϲ£ã׽ļˣԪ󻰱ӵı߽ǣǲ
νѧԪǰӣĿ񣬽żɵߵߵġ
ǰش˭֪ʲôʱͿۣ飬⣬дôЩţҸ׵ϰѳֲס˸ɲһȴײţ£ӶôдҸ׻ܲȫ𣿡
һ죬Ժʳһֻɺףų
Ԫɺףֻͷ˻ŵνѹʣ㸸ףͷɡ
νۣȻЦǵڡ
һհĸ״ˣڵ˺ԺϢ󣬻ûһ˰ѾԻ˶ףһøСӣμҺȵļ黰
ǶԪûȥǸֽйܼҹպλˣŲԺȥ
ⲽ·ϣνźõˣװ⣬ڻϺлײС˵ĳ£Ҫٲ
δ˲δˣϢܳסȥ˼ȥԼŮ
νķſڣľֱ֣ҡͷ˵㲻ܽȥǸӣʵǼˡ
⻰ν˵Ľֶˡ
⣬ôһ£ʡ
νԴǾɥԭòСŪҵȹӣ˵Ҫָҡڷ˰գҲȹֻԼĴˣǰϯȥɰ·һʣԭҲûȥϯϣҾͬһ𣬹õԺ˭֪һš
νסݣֻߺҡͷŮʵ˵ڣˣʣŮкȥֽǩѾ߽ȥúͣ˷˿ֻŮ֪ǾʲôûΣҲҽֻ֪ý˷ڡǸУҲѺ᷿ֻȵ䡣
һ˫ãáס˵ҵĺŮ
仰֪˵ν񣬻˵񡣵ѲҪν룬ЩѲҪˡ
Ļڶ˰ֻѡһҲҪˡνٶۣ˵
Ԫ̧ͷϷббݳһ֦ݱ»
𣿡ʡ
ڣνЦҵһ˿ڵģ˿̱˷ģͲˡ
ԪҲЦھͺá
֮һž紵֣쪵졣
ϻذ˼ǸСУҶлãν񿪿ڵպûᣬұضر𡣡
˵ģԪפͽܣﲻɡﲻбɥ˫ף˶˳ϸϸֽѧڡʦͽʵʤѰӡ
Ҫ˵лԪһʱ벻лΡǲȥһж֪֮û˿ѣ෴һھʹӦģὫ߸κ֪ʦڡ
縸һʦסεĶ飬Զҩ׻
Ԫ룬룬ú롣


18 
³Ƶգ˳СԽݳǶɿڣԪҵļҴ﷫𺽣ȥ
Ԫͬĸú͵ܵܣ˼аϣǰеԪ
ǴȥݳңһΪڣΪɣԪԽݳǾ񣬸ǻϣ͵Ͼ֪²ټˡ
³ĵİԪҵĴֻͣ˽ݶɿڣа׼ӵˣΡ
á
ɩɩ
һ´׷˱ɩӽ֡
˵ЦңǸĲڣźǵ棬ýжù̲ǰ
׷ҲЦԼˣôིǻͷɩҡ
Ц㣬˵Լ˲ⲻʹԼˡ
ɩǡ׷˿Цá
ԪǣԪᣬͷԪӢԪޣһǵĸ밲
ѽûӵĸͷֳˡ˿Ц
Ƥúܣ׷ҲЦһһѹ̡ܽ
ǺúӡԪ֣
ĸáһȵԽഫ
׷˼ɵЦ֮Ҳ
֮꣬ǽֳĶӡɥĸɥ岮࣬վһ㣬˲ֳĶӼڱ𴦣ķ֮󣬻ĸˣ⺢ӽӵԼԽҲѳɵģ
úáüĿᣬЦ
Ԫֻһɵþʹá
һԽƵ첲⵷˵׷ˣ͵͵Ц
׷ֻЦ
ǽݳˡ
߻δɣͷһֻϣRһһĴ˵
ѹʰ׷ˣǾᵽġ
׷˵ͷһоڲС
һһ󣬽˱㰲ţ˷ȥ׸ĺشϵ˾ְ
˰׸ɫѰԪĸŮˣȥݼ˰Ϸˡ
Ϸ˽ʮǸüĿ̫̫ճȾƳԲˣϷԺһèһϻֻñģˣèܣѧ࣬¸ߵʱҲ˽ԼСӱŪһӹΪң
⼸ԪפԽݳǣ֮䲻յˮ·Ķ࣬հϷ˼ǣûʲôĨΣֻϽʹߵѾߣ翪ϯ
ʱȷҲǽƽտЩ
ڻ֮мһ磬һУһŮֻ档㣬ȻҲΪǵһϣˡ
ڳR˵ʵݣ׷ֻ֪ĴɩɩɩңɩɩȾɩ˼£Ψס
ˣԽʱһܣԪھǵԶݣ˷棬һͬɣҲӵسƺˡ
ӡͦܺȵģȻԪǺųǧ˾˺ſˡ˾˱˼Żȥʱ򣬻ľƱӣǺƷ֪ǧ٣Ҹˣ⣡
м
ңøһ˲м
˵⻰ģԪıãԪľ˾˵ŮʱĸױѪӹǲãʱҲ徣СŮ¶
ڻаϷڣϧԼбʧ˸ĸСŮɴԼߣϤչˣ޲ġ
ϷǺģվ͵ˣ˵ףڰϷšΪû˵һζ쳤վõģ⸱ԵСƢⲻ壬Ҳ⳰
Ԫλ˾øУǳҲδйǰķ̻˿̲סЦԽضˡ
ԪСŮҲó˵ĵǸʲô˼ɵһЦϼŵһֻ˴Ϻû
ȻҲ֪ԪڳЦˡԪһ򲻺ͣһǰϷ۰ŮһǰϷ۰Ůƫƫȴ˴˶˳ۡ
˭ҲӿԪŷ˶٣ʵпһˤתͷԪʵʲô˼Ҳ֪
ԪȴƽͣҨݻƻζţҲͬ˹˹֪֮
㣡°͸ʵˣԪԼ
Ҫվ֮ǰĸ˸ϽסЦ䵱У˺ˣǱã˰һѵһԶٷͺúóԷɲְ
Ҫ˵ЩʲôֻһۣЩ˺ڵĻֻܱȥ
ͷϷҲЦ˵⼸Ѿͷһ飬ûͣʱ򡣡
ԪĴĸҲЦ
ȻһˣºΪûһ˿Ϊ˵һģ֮ҲûôٶӣֻǺƣһغȡ֪ģΪҲǧء
ǣһϯɢ󣬰ٵزĺ·˸˻ȥ
ԪĸŮס˰׷ʱĹ뷿Ԫ޸֮õøֵƵģȻסǱȥˣҲùܡ
ҹ˾֮ʱֻüܽУԪķŵƣӰӱ޳ӳ˴ϡ
С㣬ЪֻС£ҹϣȰСٰȥ۾͸ˡ
Ԫȴڵ£ʮָ˿ߣͷĹûУ˵£һͺˣ˯ɡ
Ŀ΢ľ̾˿
ڶվǶ磬ҹԪձЩϴżѬζʱű߶ѾҺ˰ҶѣǽǻСѾͷۻƷۡ
ȥĸ밲·ϣԪͬȥ밲Ľ֮Ԫޡҡڶܵ˵
˵仰Ԫ޾֪һٴܲ˵ģΨ죬ЦǺǵ֡
Ԫ첲ϵ˿߱ӣ˸ƯĺᣬǵԪƲкӰкӣ㵽֪֪Ҳǰܵܰް
Ԫĸ첲ʹȥʹţôϻ
ԪһԵĽ֮Թƣ˵ĲٰɣɲǸ׺ģ
٣СӣԪٶ֣Ҫ
ԪѧˣһԶˣһ뻹ͷ˸ԡ
ŲҸͷԪһ
ԪӢ󣬶Ԫ˸񣺡Ұȥ˵žܿˣһһСǰͷզզ
һģӼƽʲô֮ˬʵЦ߰ɣɱ˸Ϸ밲
šԪЦִͳһ˿ǰ˻Σġ
֮ϵЦһ٣ãеѿڣңѾСˣͲϵ˰ɡ
ʲôҸϵϡԪɷ˵ͽϵ˽֮ϣҲʮĵأ˸Ưᡣ
֣֮ϵЦãǡ
ԭأһΪֻϲ칭ء


19 
ԩ·խԪ˸ۣûͷȥˡˣǸ฾ߴߴҳ̵ģϱĪǸȸ
֮ȴǱֵ֡
RҲĲ֡
ŲһپƣͿʼֵˣǵ갡ԪбģϺһ̧Ⱦߡ
⡭֮˿ߺԶԪֿ˻سRˣǱǸһЦȸˡ˵վʹȥ׷Ԫ
ƬҶӵǰԶˣʣ˵զô˴أ
RһۣһԣҲǰߡ
ֳĳļ磬ͬ飺ʵԪСһ仰˵üá
ţʲô
˹֪֮
ֳ߳˺üԶˣǷӦ޵һµĻҶӣӰιʲô˼˵Ҳ֪ԼＸ
԰ӣֻӦ
Ԫĸ緹ǰϡѼƣܻ롣ĸֱͷǺһһ̲˽İֻСࡣ
ԪԪᣬЩĸ״Ԫȹĸ밲ڲŵ˻ᣬ
ÿҪȥ񣬿ۡԪе
Ǵȥܡ׷ںͷеҲ֪ûС
Ԫ˲СѾͦ죬ԪһûͼԪӢСѾͷһ·Զˣͬʱȴɲɵģһͷ¼ǽ£֮Զ
ʹģûǰȥ͵͵ŵضȥ˼ɽ˵Щʲô
Ϊʲô˵⻰ǰֻǲ֪ΪΣ˵⻰ʱԵĿǻԪǸѾͷˣҾ˺üµңȴ¶ϣ
ã֮ˣΪѣĺˣֻʵ̫ˣ˽ܵĶʵǲյġ㣬㻹ţת˰ɡ
һ㶣˵ǣǰҸңɰҲѽôô񡭡
һһˣãǶСˣЩ飬Ҫעúá
ͷһʱžԪ㶼ΪǲǶˡҪ̽ͷʱȴðһ䣺ƭˣΪλԪĶ
Ƚ֮˵ĸ磬ǸɵӣΪҿʲô˼˵Ц㲻ҪˣҪѡˣԪҵˣǲɣҲֲûĽҵġ
⻰˵ü飬Ԫˣ̲סȭͷ
֮ûпڣǰ˵ĸ磬˵ЩҲΪãϣ㿴ʺǸˡ˶٣˵ңȻ㲻ҪҾͻȥ˵Ķ;Բ͸ˡ
һӺιգԪžҵʱڣȴ
ҲԼվжˣֻǱߵĽ֮ѲӰˡ
ԼϣԪ̧֣һǧذתգǽ
Ҫӽһʲô
һԾֽתȥϳRһ˫۾
ûûʲôΪ飬ѵõ˵
RüȻǲ
Ԫ﷢飬ҪŲʣͿֻ첲Լǰͬʱﻹ˵ʲôзݡ
ʲôԪȻ⡣
RŬŬ죺ǸѽѵǼзݵ𣿡
Ԫߣ˭Ǽзݵİ
Ŷԭǰûһջ֡
ûˣԪȴЩ˼Ǵ˵ģӸҲûʲô˵ˣ͸ɡ
ݸ˳RRȴҲ֡
ʲô˼šüʡ
Զ׼R˻θ첲ϵϰ
Ԫɴۣƾʲô
R˿ܣ㣬ʱҲ˰ѲҪԼҿɲǱ¡
ԪһҲǣ͵ͷԹϵϡ
ϵ𣺡Ͳܵûȥ˸ϵ𣿡
ⲻ𣿡R˻ϵŵ̧۶ŭߣЦת˻⣬߰ɣҪȥ𣿡
⻰Ԫʵʲô
RһȣΪε£һȡѽ
ҲëԪֻա
ǰ˼ԪͬRһ˽֮һ㶣˵Ƕ̩Ȼ֮ϾԪͬݣǱһʲôֵġ
֮ӦҲ죬ԪЦãϳɡ˵־Ҫ
Ԫȴûע⵽֣תͷʾֿ˽֮΢΢һЦҲɣˡ
ۣ֮ЦҲȥˡ
һ·׽̰иһ˵̣ʣӰѲ١
׼ҵڵԽżĴ󴬣ۣҲǾѵĹۿء
׼ν֯죬һŮԽķˣиھ޹ʷĴѧʿӣݳܳҡⲻǵģǽ̫˼ҵʡ
׼ҵһδЪ°ӣ½½أ˹ݷˡγ۵ģǰ׼ҵԪǼ׵ıɩǰȥӦֻ꣬öںͷȲԵ
ֻƬ̵УҲ˲øһ̵Ůӣˡ
˵ʲôţԽĵճС㣬ϸ˻쵽һⲻһ徻ء
˵ģ˰ûڶ
ԪҲһɨǼŮӣݳͷ˼ҵŮЩ˱ֵ࣬ܶģҲû˴ЦŴкҲͰˡ
˵λͶưɣкŴҶ£ʮСĴָ˲ѣŵģܾܿδĳء
˼ԲŮǶ̲ס͵͵Ц
˵ԪС׹ĸǵʥϵĹ˷ѡ㣬ʥҲѡԪС㣬Ǿǹֶͬһˣ
ɵúܣƫ˵⻰ģǡǡԪϵөǽ̫˼ҵСŮҲǶڵ˲ţֻǰӦ棬ûٸŰȡЦԼԪӡ̡
өһ˵Ůǣ͸Цˡ
ԪҲֻۣǻҪ˵
˲裬̬ŵط˲ѣƺҪྐྵӵԪһϸ¡򲢲մϲˮĴϣЦֶͬһʵҲʲôϡ£ʵʱң𣿻һ׮̸ء
˵ţЦЦԪ˹²Ҳᱻһ׮̸ء
ǰǰ˷׷׸š
ۼҲȡЦòˣԪֱӣϹм߲ͣȴÿ˶˵Ǿ͵治£һɣתͷǵ鷳
ЦȻֹ
ԪϸɫԼ˵ţʥϵĳȻǽ˵Ļʱһλصл
˵ЩʱЦŵģԽЦòãڰ˵Խľս
Ԫһ̾ϢеСŮӣѵһ죬Ѵˣˮżεδ
ǲǱߵŮӡ
ԪȴЦˣɨˣҡҡͷ˵࣬ҲǶ˵ЩʲôⲢζţԪǺ۸ġҪΪ˷˾պ߻ʵԶԽʱһͷ˱ȥǾͿˣǿɾͻˡˣ˵Цɴǳúܡ
ǣǡЩŮǣ׷׶ҡͷ
˾Ӳ
СϺǱ̬Ԫšˡԭȥɫ׵İãôģ
ҡ֧ţ֪˵źá
𣿡ǡý֮˰Χ
ǽ֮ŮǣЩ˼ǻװȲ裬װƽȹһʱæµֻһ˭ȥ֮ǿҲ͵͵䲻
֮˰ΧԪͲôˣˣһءν֮Ц˵ãǽһ˵


20 
潭ϣңɹۣԪͷڵչ⡣
˵ɣʲô¶΢΢ͷԼԵĽ֮
֮ЦϸùȥԼҽãʲôܺú˵أ
Ԫվȣֱֱ˽֮ЦЦҸȥֻ۾ҸȥˣʲôԼҽãҲȵߣԪհףʲôԼҽãǸһ㣬ҵԼҽҲھأҲ䣿
á֮ʶˣȰҲô˵ôҲݣ׸ĸ˫Ϸϥ£δ⽿Щͬǰһ˵ˣαص˵棬²̨
ԪʱЦԸЦˣ΢΢ۣǰԼʶʮˣĬĬ̾Ϣҵ˵²̨𣿡
֮ҡҡͷֵû˸ĸ˶ȥôһԣǲһû˸ĸȴи۰ĸСҲǽģδȱٴѱϴ˶ҪˡĻ֪㣬Щ޸ĸȱٴָô죿ұͬ飬ҲǸͬǣ
֮ૣô¡
ԪЦҲƽϣ޶ȣٸҪЩʲô֪ҵӵġ
˵գ̧ȾߡûﻹʲǿתԽ֮˵ģȹϾˣһٲˣʱôţôţ㲻дŸ֪ңҲ֪͵ûɡ
֮һ㶣ڽסȴһȺˡΪ׵ĳRϸɫÿԪüʵ˵Ǳڴ򣬴ȥ֣ȥȥ
ԪԸ뽭֮һڴӦˣȥɴ
Rһͷ𣿡
ԪʵȻˡ׵
RٶȵͷŤͷһԵĳ˵ͬһƥ
GҸͬһƥƲ죬ôȥͬˣ
RͷСһ㣬ʺϱá
һ򲻴ᷴλ磬ôһ˵ȻҲмֵԹԴȥֳͬһƥˡ
ԪҲȹӣط
ת˽֮ʵֿҪͬȥ
֮ԪתͷѹûҪ˼
ֻЦЦ˵ҾͲˣе£ȥɡ
RҲǾˡ˵ҲԪ
֮һȺ˲ȥһʱֻпյаٰζʱҲͬ
򳡾뽭̲Զһƽ̹ϣδ߽ڴк
һRͿ׸Ӱ˳رߣŰӣԵõһ衣
Ԫλܣôȥϳ
ԪҲƼ˰ܣ˾˵ĶӣСͲ˵񳤴ˣǳĬԣԼһ˾һ裬һ硣Ԫ֪Ψһİñ壬ߣǴ򡪡ű˴
Ԫǲϳġ˵ֿ۳RأҪȥ𣿡
Rų׷ŵǣκûʲô֡
Ԫóûսء
ļΣRԼ
ңԪüһһ㡣ǫ
ǣҪҪȥһRʡ
ҸӣԪŵƳһۣΪʲôҪӣ˵ˣⳡûʲôòͷȥ䱻̫ɹţһҲȥźȲԵء˵
Rɻ󣺡òͷҪʲôòͷ
Ԫ̧̧°ͣҲǽΣʲôģһóĺɰңҲֵȥϳүϲĶҿɲϡ˵ţƵľˣȥܰźȲԵˡ
˹ʵŸ磬Ӱ
RһۣôѲ飿
Ͻ֣ǻǱˣ㲻ҸϺ𣿡
ץһԵֳǳҸʺϡ
ͻȻͱץ˹ֳ磬һ˫۶ʱɵԲԲɶ
ԪŲܰһϯǱ߷µĲͷһˮ㡣ûټˮ㵹ȤԪµϸ˻ǶԴ㡣
ǳǶүĲͷˮԭǴģүѰ˺յĹŵһԴ㣬֪ʱᱻλСأòͷǽܵ
·ֻˮĸȤβȥԣ
Ԫб۳ȥҸ˭أ𣿡
һ֮飬ڲˡ
Ԫûһ𣬾ͼRֳööߵǰˡ
ҪǶԴ㡣R
Ԫۣôͷ
RһȣȻΪʲôҪϳ˸ֳ硣
ֳǺǵЦǿɲֻҪǾŸҪģôҲ²ǣ
Ԫ޶ԣֻü˵ұԤףλˡ
Rȵϣһ̧°ͣƺðɡ
˼ǣ˷RֳŵģǱˣǳͷļּá˱˵ţֳּͷֳ˵ģ£Ǹʲô˼
ԪҲ·øȤˣһ°ͣĿתض˳ϵˡ
Ҫ˵ǳRֳ磬Ǵı»治ǴģԪˣҲֱӣǻͦǼּãһûöԷֱһˡ
ӡһ߸ȺƣһԪ˵
ԪۿųRǲͷ߹ˡǰͽǶˮԪǰһͣΣ
ԪȴԽһ˵ļּãλС㣬۳һҪӿˡ
RҲ˱ˣתǼּãЩɻ󣺡ǡ
Ŷ˼λӣˮ㣬ԭÿºڣԳݳ޵ڶ˵ȥԱ˳ͷȴ롭
ȴ·ɱҧ𣬻ǵ棬ˮˡԪһϷ飬ҡȣҿRҪ¡
R㣬֪¶ǲֵģԼ˼һ˵ȻˮԭСİ֮Ǿɣֻֻһֻʣµһֻԭɡ
Ŀ𣿡ǼСɴһ˫ˮ۾ųRš
RЦţӲһֻˮ㡣
ּСˮ㣬䱦һۣR˵Ǹˡ
ּҹҲЦӿƺǽʿ
RҴ򾩳·һء
ּҹֵԭˣҵݳǺʱλ򼼵ء˵űȭ˴󷽣ʱ䣬һҪȥһˮ
RҲȭЦһ
Ǽּõһֻˮ㣬ҲȥˡԪֽʣµһֻݵԼǰ̧ۣҪң
RȻ
Ԫһֻ̾µˮ㣬תͷͳڹСŮ֣ʾ
СŮˣԪǣСֻ֣ˮʮֺͰ׵ȥɣˡ
СŮһ˫Ƶ۾ǰλİĽ㣬СʵǸ𣿡
Ԫ֣صͷǸˣ㲻ƭġ
СŮ˿ֿ˿ˮ㣬̧ͷЦˣлл㡣˵գһһػȥˣչʾԼµߡ
ǶŻķ򸾣סԪͷлԪЦеػ˻֣һתͷͶ˳RǿҪ˵ıߡ
ҲĶô׵ˣֱţʣʶ𣿡
Ԫһ̯֣ʶ
㻹ͣRֻãŮǲ
Ԫȴη壬ҡȣֱ׳˵ҵģǼȻѾҵĶˣôãͶԼ˼ˣ
ϸϸüëվߵRǰһЦֵһĶҲŲϡء


21 
úõһ磬ǰн֮ǳRԪĺ飬ȫûˡɴҲˣ˳ֱسǡ
ƻʱְ׼˲Ŵӽϻ˶³Ƽ·ѾСǸﶼ§ŰüЦġ
ˣɵú棬˽ǹôһ¡
СѾߴСڴأ˵Ǽзݣ˭ȥˣи
˾üСˣԪˡʲôԪ˹ϵ಻סҪȥҲ⣬̧žȥ
յR࣬ʵҲȥ
Rһ޸СˣԼ֣Ҳ뿪ķȥ
һˣϽֳ֣Ҳȥ
׸ĴڴŻϾ͵ʱˣæȻ졣ԺҲ٣۵ģĪԪᲲһͬѾ͸˵˵ЦЦһҷַӡ
һϵƼⳡüԪʲôӣ
ԪˣֵͷһԼװ̧ͷͦõ𣿡
㣡ָŭ㣬һԪҴС㣬˿̻˶ɺͳ
һԭӵܣʱͶ˶ͣĻ˰ֻд̻ʢ졣
ԪһӵݸһСѾͷŶ԰˵ԪҴС㣬ĶҾͻĶõСָֻŵģƲҵɣɲǰ
֮⣬ɲǸԸ
ûסЦ˳߲ѣ㣡ǰ׼ң
Ԫһͷɲǰ׼ǵҵĴ˶û˵ʲôֹЩʲô
㣡˵һţĸȥ˵תߡ
Ԫȥ״¶ǹ·ģ׼˿ŶЩҲûʲôȥҲһְˣûϷš
һߣԪվɷӡR˹ȥ˸ƣͱԪһѶ¡
Ūɢˡ˳Rһۡ
RЦⲻҲİɣ
Ԫҵջ԰ɣ
RۣȷЩӸͷ࣬ʵѷһҶдУֺÿġǷֲ壬ĸǾ˫ְġ
ţͿԪһӵǰȴðѾ˵ġ
ҵģȷϵ
ҪԪƾҪջء
Ҫô᲻ҪأRһ֣͸Ǵˣ˳ֵݸĳԼԪȻüˣ
֪ǰˮ£Ԫߵ㲻һء˵֣ĳϣ˵ӻҡ
RһѾ͸˵ģǾҵĶˡǻѧԪԼ˵ĻǺûбߵˡ
ԪǰRǴӣһһԶ
С㣬㿴ǡľһЦ
ԪԶԼҲ̲סЦ
һĵ󣬽֮ĬĬվƬ̣Ҳתȥ
ҹԪӰϷ˷ȥ·ϣںϵĽ֮֮
ԪĵȥǰͷҰѡ
ǰ
Ԫ֮ǰ̧ͷߣһ˿Ц⣬ֻʣ㻹ʲôҪ˵
֮Ҫڣ̧֣ʾ˵ˣΪλ˵Щʵ˵ɣհ˵ĻҲˡ
֮һ㶣ʶԪ˵ʲôͣ
Ԫȴҡͷʵ˵òҪѡŮˣټ棬ҿܾǺɣӣѹټˡͬ˵ЩȻǳԼ˽ģҲʵ
֮
ԪҲ⡣ǽǣоĸһ˼ֻҪ㣬׸ôҲͬġĸǰ۰ǻضпȥʱ޺ʳ㣬Ҳδһ׮¡
֮˴˼룬Ҵδҡֹ
ԪЦ֪˵ʲô㲻˵Ҳ˵Ƕ޷Է֤Ҳܡ
ܣ֮һ˫ĿȻᶨ˵ȻȻһ£ҪңһῼȡһὨҵȵʱһԽȥס
ѾܾˣԪ룬һζǰӡҲΪ⸱ᶨģΪһ׽ãִһһϰڱ˺Ȳʱͻʱ̸ʱԼһϣͣЪһ̡
ǸʱԪĸ׾˵ӽسɴΪһɡ
ǣҵȲأԪҲãʳ仰Լйĵġ
֮ƺδϵһθ֮ԣȴʻ
֪
ԪԼЦЦ˵㰡ôЩˣӻһҵȲҲҪȡҵȢӣƽһ
ҵȵõأִʡ
Ż谵Ĺ⣬ԪӣЦ÷ƵϾͻֵˡ
֮ǰһס֣ǻġ˵ţͽһԪ
Ԫһһ֧Ӳӵܽط
ǰµΨһһΣҰ㣬ңһὫǵļҵġ
ԪͷһᡣʯĳˣĻҲܲݡ
һԪ˯ţûеƣ´ǰవĹܣ֧ܽؽ˼ƮúԶ
ǰϷٳǽܸŵһף١;Ԫ͵ĸ׺ĸǽǡ
һ곤ñһãҲˡ⻰ĸģʱ⻰Щ˼ֱԼӦ߿ƫƫְ಻ס¹ԼҲбҪһ
ɩɩ˵ǣֻҸ˵ʵɣĻ£ҸҲģֻĸҲʹλ˼ĸ˵
Ԫĸ̾ϢԭҲŵģֻţ׻ǺԼҪϥӣֶֻôһӣҺҲǵԼĺġҿҲõúܣϼףٺòˡ
ǵȷǶ֮õġֻǡĸ׻ԥ¶ʵǲܴƱԽճĴСǻ˵ƫƫһŮͷһ껹̫󱧻￴øࡣĻǶġ
ĸҲ̾ϢҲ֪ǿѣҲò˵һأǲǣΣҲΪƴһƴЦ
ĸҲЦҲǿ¸ĸˡ
Ǵ֮ĸ׺ĸδ⻰Դ֮ԪŵһʶԭԼԼ
ôҪ


22 
ʱڣԽݳ̫ؼҵĺԺȴһԺ׺ϾһѰݶңտ䲻ڵӡ
һյԶλƵԺǰνԸ˱ҡ
ԺҲտյֻһ԰Žϲˣνפһأ֨ѽһ죬תͷ˹ȥǴ˴ͷ֧
ҲʱԺˣһ󣬼ν񣬵ʱ
ʲôʡ
νҲˣȥǴ԰Ž˵ţûʲôѡ
ңЦôģ²Цİɡ
ν̾Ϣн죬ҲԼģ޸ɡ
޸ɣνû뵽ԭˣҿˡվڴǰԭʮָ˫֣һָȫϣ˴ν޺޵Ҫ㣬һý³
νҲ㣬ͻңȽ֮£ҸԸ㡣ν˫۾߳⣬ȴΪ⣬֮ĲУ֮ĲޣȻҪң֮֮ҾһҲϹȥ
ǺôġҧгݣȲϹȥʲôѲɣôȥˣҪҫ
νЦˣһۡ
һ˶磬ν͸Ͼˡ
ޣҲˣȻì࣬ͬˮ𣬵Ϊ㣬Ϊ㱸һݼױҪҲãҪҲգֻԼΪɫױơ
˵ţóһֻ̨ϡ
ҲҪ֣ҲͻȻͶ㷢ģ㣬ʱպͿ˵ʱһֱΪҲöͷҹڣֻǻһĶ顣֮ǾŹţ··޹ϸ𡣡
˵ЩתҪߡȴ·Ǵ԰Žʱͣ
⻹ǵһµءͷǴԴдİŽ̾Ϣ
Ժűϣ񷽴ߵ̨ǰ˵ϵֻã
һ֧ϵãνİ֮Ϊֻĸ׵֮
ֻ˺һֱһᴹϣŻع̧һ֪ʲôʱ档
ӣ̨Žǰͷ곤ʮİŽҶ죬·ʱƮȻȥ
žҹįͥԺһżŵİ̾
ּǲŵʱԪһö֦۵Ĺϸָ⣬ͷЩɻ󣺡ּңʲôּң
ʲôּңľǰˮͷǸּѽ
ŶԭǰԪͷʣҹȥϷ
ЦӶǰˣм٣
ԪȻ⣺ǣö˶˵ģǸҪҹȥϷּûʲô̸ʶˡ
ľҲ֣ύԽĴСأľ²
Ҳе˵ּҴǰҲǸңϻƷ٣ֻǵһ֧ûˡô˵ҲǸŵڣ˶ྭ̣ǮҲ˸СײƾٵģҸɽֺֺãҲ⡣
Ԫ̳ǿ֦Ц԰ٳ֮һˣҵˡ
ľθ˸С̵úá
ԪŲףë֣һüҲգǱ룬Ǿȥһơմ⸮̧ͷͷģ緳ˡ
ϧּĲԪһˣ˳ۣҲ˳۵İҲˣǾȻҲ˳RˡԪϧ⼸ԪӢ̰ӣʳֻڷڽţֻԼȥ
̨ϳʱеĻӣ̨Ԫǰ֦Ӱ׸ּңҪԼ羴ĴǰǾʫ֦ٿšʵж᳹ס
ȴи谭˵λּСͰҪʶһЩȴƫƫһԪһûһأųR
ڰʮ֦ʱԪǷӦˣλּС㣬²ϳR˰ɡ
ԽݳʱȳְɳRһ֣˼˲ͻˣݳˡɼRҲǸˮ
ڽ߾ȫش˼ּСʻԪ˸ĽڣϷ̨ǰ˳
ּ·СѾ߱Ԫ͸ˣľߣҲֵһ徻Ϸǲ뿴ˣɴ԰תһתܺùȥǼּС׷ʡ
ôģϧ첻Ըһλȣתײ˸ˡ̧ͷһƣɲǼּСġӡ
Ԫһ㶣漴￴һأô
RһĲãɱ˰ɣԭΪֹҵ򼼣Ҫҽĵõģ⻰û˵䣬Ϳʼٸʵף˿ڣˡ
Ԫ̲סЦŶǲǾãһ˲ţʺ÷ˣ
Rǵͷŵţ;òԾô֪ɴԪ
Ԫˣɴϵ˿ˣƽȹӣƻشô֪ҵȻ֪ˣѾȲҪҵġɩء
ɩRһ˵ֶҪҧԼͷ
ţɩԪ
RΪ֪ҳ翪ţû뵽˹
Ԫ˿ϣĽЦ⻹㿪أҪǿţϣ͸ֱӱǿȥŮˡ
⻰ԭΪȡЦģ˵ȴûԼأԪתͷȥʱȴ֪ʱѴյԼǰһֳ˿ϣһ˫ӺЦ˵ҵŮɲ
Ԫʱšüëһ仰ֶʡ˭Լģ˭˵Լ
ţԪҪ˵Ҫɻûü˵ڣRһֵֻʳָͰĴͷһҶ֪ӡ
Ԫ˲ҪȻŭŭ֮ǰ˲Զһģ˴ҴȥĽŲóǸŮӵĽŲ
ѭȥԪֻһͷתǴһĨˮȹǡյļּС㣬ɲˮȹ޵ͬһŵĶž黨£һˤķѵƬ䣬һž黨ɢմȾ
ԪʶԭղŵһУRԼһϷ
¿ɺˣ鷳ʡˡRվֱӣ֣ƺԼӦ䡣
Ԫ䲻һѾץס˳R֣ҧȥ


23 
ԪһҧóR⧲סУô£𣿡
Ԫ۾Ϸʵ˵򡣡
RԼһüһӡ
óַ䣬ƤЦⲻЦڻͦõġ
Ԫһŭˣ˲ſڣ˵˾Լġ
뵽ڵһվЦ벻õģ޹ء˵գתȥҲԼΡ
ּһҲ֪ģ²û￪Ԫң򴫳RǿɾͲճˡ
һºԪȷԼRˮԶһЩպ󲨼Լ
Ԫĸ׾ˡͬеģνμ˶Ԫһ򽻺ãԪһؾĻᣬνһҲʡ鷳
ԭ˵ԪҵС԰һˣû뵽׸һءνԪˣڰ׸԰ţֹסظп
ⶼ游һִģԪҪпֻϧ˼ȥ磬ڻţָжٺþء
νͷˣôˡ˵ţսԪѹЦλ硣
˵ԪϽܣãʱ԰Ҳûʲôˡ
㵱ﻹԽݳأ˵ôûûģСĸǽжȥšν
֪֪ˡν֣ԼţҲ˵ˡ
ԪûıԹֻǰŬŬ죬˵ƣֵˡ
ν˳˹ȥȴͷˣΪ׵ĸͷϽΣŸͬ˴ˣźͷϱ˴ӻţһԺȥ
ĸǸЦ滢֪ΪʲôԪ
νüͷһҪ֪ǻ򵥡
ԪתͷֻһۣǾ֪˴ﶼЩʲôˡ
Ԫĸ׵ݺһƬ֣ݺּžһ˿綼˲ּҶ졣
꣬ԪνȻ
νè˷ܣ֪֪ˣ߿ߣ˿ɾʲôˡߴš
˲˳ִ˺¡ţϼɴ˴͸Ӱ
̣Ҵݳ˭ܱȵҼҪòòҪŻвŻ⼸˵ýģҪż̤ƽˡԺٲǱˣԪĸ˵ġ
ɩ˵ǣֻɩϸ룬ǼѾͷǶҪѡˣٳϢѾͷҲ޸Ԫĸ˵
ν˳Ԫ䣬˵ţ²ĸ㣬Ҫȥϱء
Ԫһۣתͷˡ
㣬ҵḶ́⻰ȥŪ˵ҲͰˣңɾʹˡһֻ֪ܲҪǲԸ⣬λ˵һѾͷͷһ־ܸˣü˼ˣʲô
ǿԪҲóλĸ˵ЩʱģǸĿ˵
ԪĸЦҲô˵ػǵصġ
ʲôزصģĸؾʹĸ׵Ļ밡Ѿͷ޸Ǽϼףõһ°˵ˣǼѲǻܿɣҲѾͷ⼸ԽˣҲȣǼҲ㿪ڵġ
⻰ԪֻһŻֱðν࣬ȭͷһҧгݺ޲ó˵飬ϽסԪҡҡͷ
ɩ㿴ǼѾͷֻҲҲ˵ˣĻ£ɲǣҲȻҲܸɩκγŵĸ׵ûЦ⣬ȴƽɩ˵ʲô˵һ£治ġЦһɩͣҵʶһ¡
ңⲻǸ𣿡
Ԫĸˣνһۣ˶Цָָ󷽣ν⣬ĵ˳ȥ
㣬һʲôأԭĸĸˡνȤ첲⵷˵ģʣĸ˵ǸǸ˰
ԪŲĵбôĸĻ㲻ȥѡ㣬ϱˣ
νҲǳصģģ̾Ϣһ˵ϧѽ˼ҿϵԪС㣬㣬ڳһ߸ϵأҪңָҪôءհհգҿɸʲ𡣡
ǸӣԪһۣٳЦ䣬תۼͿǱ߻ת
ԪһνͷҪߡ
νĪƴͷǱߵˣʵôôӼèƵģô
ԪһŲȴͣ˵ţԺٸЩû˼
νôó˰
ʲôãҿɸʲ𡣡⻰һ˵ڣԪ֪ʧԣϽֲ˭˭ù
νû룬ΪֱֻŤأЦȰʲôͻõģ
Ԫ̾Ϣν΢΢򴽣˵֪ˡ
٣ǿ˴ҵذףÿԪӢץˣæҫԼ
ԭһϻͷ棬ذףӶ̫ˡչʾǰذףûͷĺ챦ʯǶģִֺÿ
νȤӻ֪㣬ϲЩڵĶ
ԪӢʲôлڣ㶮㣬㲻Ҳ˵ˣȥǿȥ
ԪӢǰذףֱıܿˡ
ǸɵѾͷνЦ
ԪҲЦˣȥɣľͺá
³ʮ˳УԪҵĴӾһ﷫𺽣Ͼǡ
һգ˳˳ˮһհӫݣһ·Ԫҽǵ͵£˲޸عԱǰˣҲС
ͣ´ȥ˻˵ҹӫݳһһȵĵƻᣬʱдСﶼ֯ȰﻹҪЩ
⻰һʮʮ٣ܿ䵽Ԫ˵Ķڴϱʮˣһһ˵ϻкģʱͶ಻סҪ´ȥ֡
׷˺ԪҲǵȹŰˣǶһȸԾģһӾɻаţǸԴһѾ߻ӣһҪУвɵ߿
˵´ɣֻˣΨԪһ·δµ˶ûˣֻίڴϡ
ԪǸ۰Ͱ͵Ŀģ㰲ο˵һһյÿĻƻŸЩ
ڹԪԪӢνһܵԪޣгRˣټϸԵӣʮ˴ӴʩʩȻӫݳȥ
˵٣˿̵ӫݳﵽŵƻյһ㣬խĴСַǷ˶пֱͬԪһ㡣
ӫزÿ궼ϹķݶԳվɵĶ࣬ƻᣬҸó˿ŵı£ҳĵ涷ޣۡԪ·˵ȵҹʱ֣Ҫѡ
λСİɣ²ǵһƻᣬ⽣ǰߵͷѡĵطúܡ̯ϵϰǲӣк
Ԫ˱ǳģ˵ȻҪһġ
ţһŮ˹һRһתˡ
أ̯ϰż⽾͹ˣýһĻǲԣЦոλλˣҸء
ҿʱRŵģɲһֻҡ
ķףйһ˵ӣң˹סַҲѰȥңǾһ׮̯ϰֽš
˲֪죬ԪֻģRǸˮ
ȿһأԪӢʵ
ϰδ𣬱һӽǰһȣԪ
ϰЦˣǾˡ
Ԫչ棬һҹϹȻҲһ֣дŸȵԭ˵סַ
νֲ´󣬺ǺЦţǼϲء
δ䣬Լͱǿһȡ
ԪŻͱǼҲϲš
νҪ
⽣˳ǰĹ㳡ȥûԪһ̧һѣĵƹ⣬ԭˮΡ
ƽ޹ʵģˮأ
ֱ˽֧ӣ
Ⱥ˲ﶼӵԪһû񣬾ѾܵȺ˼ŻͷȥԪӢǣﻹüˣ²Ҳɢˡ
ţһץסͬʱߴһ£ڡ


24 
˳ӿ, ԪֻԼһʧȥ˷㣬Ю䣬沨
Լ, ֹĺڰ, ֹ׹, , ǳȥһƬڰ, ʲôҲûС
ԵRץס, ˵¡ʱһ˲е㱣ֲΣʵܿϴ¶ȶġ
Rʱһӻæ֧, ȻˣҪֹ, ͼһ, ǰһΣЦտ, кǣ, 룬вˮ
ԪͳRܵüȽ˵һ, вŮͷ, ǽˢˢơ
Ԫϵˮһ, Rǻҵط궼֬ˮˡ¿ɺãǽˡ
ţͿϰӭЦ˵Ӵͷô꣬λûŰɣǵҲԵ֣ϵ֬ԼԳʻģһϣ׼ȻԪƼţŹɫòˣԳķɫ
Ԫ⻹ûأRһϰ˵ǹλҷˡһ
Ԫһ˫۾˲ɵϴŤͷȥˣֱţΪܹԼȻԼƣ
ϰɫԣֿ˳RRЦ˵СŤóǰң˵ţˡ
ϰҲͷһؼˣˣԪȰ˵λѽй๫ңø˲ǰ˵۹ã˸ɫİ
ԪֱٿĪ磬ͷ˳Rҧгݣ޲ø͵شһ١
RƫƫҪװһ˵ģǲż
̺żڣԪǰһ֬ˮۣɫޣ˱ǣȴûһ۵ģ˶ŵĳRͿҪϿˡ
ϰʶȤ˳ȥǡ
ɡR֣˵
Ԫһ㶣ʲô
Rָ˿棬˵ʲôӰ
ԪȣƾʲôҪ㣿
Ѳ㻹ȥ
ҾͲԸŰ𣿡Ԫ˵ˣ㻹ǸأƾʲôҾͲӣôҲ֤Ҳ
R΢΢Ц⻰ɲôһѡ빬Ĵҹ˵
ԪͷҾ˵ˣ
RЦţһǽ뾩ܲǼ¡˵ţȽеҷŵϣ̧ۿԪ
ԪţƲߣҸҪġ
R÷ȴƽϣֻתͷ˴⣬ע
ⳡüȥҲ죬ûһµˮξһһˡ
ȥԪվȥҰӢˡ˶٣ֲŶаޡ
RǲԼ׵ܷܵ˹ѺֻЦʣոҲżôǣ
ԪбۿʣҲżֵǰ
RνҪС¶ѵǣҲͲûˡ
ԪЦҲҪ̫СǰӢҪˡ
أRʡ
Ԫֻһۣʲôû˵̧žȳȥˡ
RվԭأĿͣϵǰϣЦЦҲ͸˳ȥ
һͣϵ˾ֶΪ֪ԪӢνԪ޲߶ôҲлأԪżȥǡ·һܵʱͣϸϸŵĵ
̯һϽߺţӴǺ۹⣬̯ϵĵǿӫݳһģȥû˲֪ڼҵ
Ԫ¸ƣһ棬һЦŶ𣿡
ǿɲ̯ЦҼӣüأûǴȥǸǺÿءѡƹľȥȥĵء
ǻˡԪЦţƻȥԪˣʣǮ
Ǻ۹⣬ƹģġЦָͷ
ô󣿡ԪҿĽƣֵô𣿡
̯ЦţѽڼǵĵϹأǾĴٹǣϲǼҵĵ
ԪȥߵĳRһü𣿡
R̯̯֣ҿɲ֪
ԪԥţRѾǮ̯ˣüǮҲ𡣡ֻھᣬֵôǮˣǽʱǼۡ
ȻRȴЦͼĶѣûϲġ
ԪſڣջûǾ䡰һǮġ˵ڣֻ˽ƣֱ׳˵Ҳգǰ㻹ҵ꼻أ͵Ǳ˰ɡ˵룬Ǳǡ
Rˣ꼻¡ֻεЦҲô󷽵ġ
Ԫ˽ƣתߣߣ󷽵ҲŶԡ
ûԶԪͳRѭȥͼԪӢԪһܵǸǰ
ҵˡȷ磬ԪӢԪ˵ţ㿴˵ʲôţǽҾŸһôܻ£С˶ĵòС
ԪӢһأ˸첲ͷ˵ǸղŴ׵ʱ˭ǼҰ޵ĸ첲Ҫˣ
ι˵ò¶ģô˵أʱס
ԪԳ´²ģܣԪӢû
ԪӢҡͷ
ǳֵõģǰɢʱҿ糯λСķȥˣڣҲµġ
Ļ٣ǻصʱνѾˡԪȥķʱ˴ϣﻹƬҶԵýζԪֻ˻֣Ǵкˡ
õ硣Ԫ˵ľȥ˽ƸԪᣬԼ˹ë˻֣ҲƬӣŽһҧԭǸҡ
νΪѵ˵֪϶µģȻˡ·Ͽӵϸˣ˼ôͦɡ˵ţһƬ
Ԫ۾νĽף˵˵ʱŤ˽ףôû°ɣ
νֻ˵Ľţνû¶ССŤһ¡
˵ţͽˣһֻСС״ƿ˵С㣬Ӵģ˵Ĩڽϣú࿪Чܿġ
ӣֳ硣
ԪҧøԴ죬˵ͦĵġ
νƲƲ죬һҲ⣺Ƕɡ
ʣҪھСĨϣ
νӻ֣Ҹӳꡣ
ԪЦʣ治ۣ治ýﲻɹƣ
νඪѽȥһˣŲŤˡˣ治ʲô¶ûƼҩ𣿵ȻҾĨϣˣȥﲻɣ鷳˼Ҷٻˡ
ԪǴҽβְ˵ˣǼֲûǮʲô鷳鷳ġ
νĵؿ⻰Ҳ˵ɣˣҪǸˣ˵Ǹ˼伲ࡢ֪˵ĽС㣿
ԪǵЦͽˣ˾ҼҵǼã֪ʲôŽǽ
νҲŲţǶһˡ
ԪؾһƬҶνָ˵㿴㿴㻹˵㲻ǣ
ԪЦ͵ưɡ˵գҶͷҲصؾͳȥˡ


25 
һհ, ԪҵĴͣһҰ䣬ȥֻããˮ, Ƭũ, , Լɼ˵ĵ롣
һССͷ, ũ, һЩʲߺ⡣
佭ˬ, Ԫνװϣмһ壬һûһ档
Ԫָν壬ľʹӰ׷˴ˣЦǲô, ߵĵطǸˡ
ˣν߬, ϽԪ, ֻģʲôˣ
ļЦ, ˵Сǲϵ, ǾǸ̵أҲͷһؼ
̵ˣνŤͷԪһ̧°ͣɩɩˣ
Ԫ, ΪĶ˵, ͷһؼС͸ңͷһؼ, ѵǣ
νһ֣㣬ⲻǺ
Ԫһ֣Ȱӻ
νֻûŤͷȥģǶ̵ңô˰
ĵ˵ɰұʿǶүݷŹ٣͸үС㣬ǰţӶˡ
Ԫüͷֱ壺˵Щʲô
νȴʾı´˵ҾͰЩ
顣Ԫߵ
ЦЦүǰûˣֻʣһˣһһŮɥҲˣȥͶŮŮɡ
νüôӲù
ĿԪһۣû˵
ԪôոЩ㶼˵ˣڷ˵ˣƳġ
ЦҲ֪ôЩˣǱȥ˹ܲһֱȥͻˡ˾Ĺӣ˲ŽķۣȥλСˮȡ˵žҪߡ
νסƬ٣ٷż򻨽ȥ
ĴӦȥˡ
νתԪЦЦ˵˵һ˵ǸңǸʲô
Ԫ۾̧˵֪Щʲô
νһֳЦУʲô֪
Ԫ̣תͷ䵽΢Ľˮϣ룬˵ԭݵĹְҲȴ֪ģ͸常ˣ常Ҳ֪ôģҲûʹǼ̫̫˼͸Ҷ綨ҵСΪޡ
֪ģҶ׻ԽĹӣҪӭȢһСطС֮Ů˭ίΪˣĸûٿ֣常ѾӲǸȥûתˡ
ǰɩɩţǶԽݣֻ˹ܼؾ͸ԪҿҶдλɩɩǵ⣬ͷҪԽɩɩȥˡ
ңֻʣһˣԼһһŮ˵ӱǴһ꣬ŮͬꡣֻƷΣҲö֪
νˣ˵ͷҿĸ׵˼˷ضҪϾˡ
Ԫջߣİѱȣȥ½·ˮ·ҪЩǣҶ룬ֻһ˵ġ
νû뵽һ㣬üϸϸһ㣺˵õҲǣݲڲ׽ذȷ½·Щ
Ԫ̧ۿһأưɡ
Ȼʱ׷ߵĴѾ篾͹ˣ壬ЦͷѾȥˣҲý˵ˡ
Ԫתͷ֪ʣʱʲô
篵λѾ֪˰ɣǴϵĲ´ȥߣҵҲ˵ԪҵĴԱ˼šⲻ˵󣬾ҷ˹˶ˣλСһͬȥء
νָ̧ԼҲȥ
ԪƳһۣ㲻ǰΪȻҲҪȥˡ
νڵһվִͼ˭²ɣ
Ȼǲµģֻ⸱ӣŵ˲ԪǸ̡
ڵˣԪνһ޵ùӯӯ׷˰׷ЦţǼʱǾתһŵλ긾ˣʰ
Ӵҵλǧ˰ɣƣúģѸǻϵƵġλЦţǵ֣ϸϸ࿴
׷˱ЦָԪҵĴѾͷһλԽ̫δ˵ǧģ˷ѡ㣬ͬһˡָν˵
ԭСѽҪѡģҪ˹ͷҽǼ˹ˣ˵ţҪվν
νûϵôһüͷһšϽסʹá
׷ҲȰҪɷˡ
˵˵λȰ˻ȥ¡
׷ָһվİӣֽܵλҹӣǶҪ곤һЩպҲý硣
һ硱Ԫʵǽвڣν͸νˣҲλҸ磬ֻ׸˸Ǵкˡ
λС㣬£ҸˣֻС·ݣҲء׷ָվŵŮӣЦһ·ǿɾֶˡ
ԪԴһע⵽λСˣŰȹһͷںڵķ˸٣װΣֻһӣ弸޻һܹܡһֱԴԪգֻһѩײӣǹ
ˡһԪӢƽˡ
׷ָЦѾͷûСˡ
λǡ˼ֽŮӣʡ
׷˱ܵǺǴ󲮼ҵŮԽС㣬СҼѾͷһ󣬴˷£Ҳ͸ˡ
Цŵͷ˵ô¡
ŮǼԪҲˣҲˣ׷˱аڷڣʽƽҪḻЩ˵ܺȵƣ׷˱˴ϡ
Ԫĸ֪пͣȥ˺R˵Ĵϣһڼ׷˳һѼܺã˺洬ûͽһȥ
ϼﱧһ޵ĹӣԪƼʵⲻͷĺģ
ϼЦү͵ģ˵ɿڣС㳢
һǳR͵ģԪɵƲ죺ǮûʹǮ
νЦԼ겻ҲԩǮӵǻЦˡ
ԪĿӼƬźȥԷҲ²ס졣
һֹˣԪӢһҧ˿ӣֻЦſ֡ǰ׷һ˵ԷأЩ
ƺʶпڣؾʵʵԷ
ϼ糽ӽСѾͷϴɾԼȥԪһΪˣһЦȥʱү˵һС֣Ѿˣһ֣С㿴
Ԫδ˵ЩʲôǱҹſʵʲô֣
˶˱ЦѽԵİûͰ¸塣
ϯһʱ˵׷˿ԪԪˣ䲻ʮԸ⣬ϼ糵˵ͷ
ϼ系⣬ŵһֽ˳ݸ顣
ֽлҲ˵Ȳش򿪣ɨһۣ̾һֺ尡
תԪЦʣҲϲ壿
ԪЦҲ̸ϲ֪һ
ǸְǱסٴθп̧ͷϼ糣ǳԺ֣֮
ϼ糿˿Ԫֿ˿׷ˣ׷˵ͷ˵Ǻ洬ϵҹӡ
ǼҵԶݡ׷Ҳ͵Ҳͬһؾġ
Цţ˵ͷ
Ǳȴʮֵϲ֪ɷλӼһ̸һ֣ҵˡ
⡭׷ԥš
Ԫȴˣ̸һеѣҵи⡣£һ˫۾Ц䡣


26 
һ, Ԫ鶼úãԪӢдʱʵ۶һ֧ǺʣҲ󷽵طŹ
֪Ϊõν, һҡ, һһ, õذ, ﷭һ, ֻӵĽŻһһ, ν̲ס˵ļ
Ļδ˵꣬ʹľСˡ
νʹ˴סɤӣſڿȥͼС˽, һŰɵļҳѣؾ, Ӻ, Ҳþ˵ġ
ˣν·䷿, ʮкơ
Ķ˲, ЦλСƵĲ裬ȽģСҲ
ԪûЬֻ, ĵȵǸ, ɡ
ĴӦֳȥˡ
ֻʣԪԪӢνͲʶõơǸ໰ģԴϴ, Ԫ˵Ĵʮָͷù˷Ҳĸ˽ģҪԪ˶׽
ԪӢνȴǸӿʵģƺ«Ҳ⣬ݵķ飬ʵϲÿζһҲ䳡⼸ദֻʣǼʱѷࡣνʣҲܶ˵仰ˡ
ȽԪӢν磬ԪҪö࣬ʱǶԻԼ
ƻΪʫʸ踳²ǸŮν˵ĶĻӣʲôʫʸ踳˵⻰ԪشһԴ
ҿĻӣѾˣڻƹ˫ַ˻ӡҲ֪ΪʲôԪηС
Ԫӹ˻ӣһü㿴ûͦ졣
ֻͷһЦ
νҪЦԪ䣬ȴ֨ѽһ˴ͷƿˣͬʱһԪ˫ɣ
ȴڶĳRԺдšϷֵĳֳ硣
ⷿվģСƣӿ˿ˣѸٵͷٿ
νԪʶöˣ֪Ԫ⼸ֵǲԸҲֵÿ֡
Ԫ͸ˣȻʱǸȻҲ˻ڵһĻǳ̹Ȼԭأ΢΢ƫͷһ޹ʲô˫ɣ֪ʡ
R⸱֪ʵģҪʣ۽ƳһԵİŮӣſڣֽĻ˻ȥ
ףԭпͰ˹ƣЦʮ竡
ԪҲ˳ˮۣܵλС㣬Ҷɩɩӡ
ȻǲԪɩɩһңɷµص˵ͷŶԭҲݰ
ƱóȻİӿţʮֲڣԴüͣⶼˡνһʱ̣Ԫʹ˸ɫ
Ԫ̧ͷ˳RʣȻ֪пͣûʲô¶Ȼȥɡ
ЦRôô򷢵𣿳Rɷ˵ԪҪߡ
ιԪϡ
RһЦȻǷˣǾȥ˵˵߬Ҫʹ
˿ԪѿڶȵȣЬûء
⻰R߱㲻ؾȥ
Ԫһ˫ȹˡͷȳȥҰЬˣͳȥ˵
ҪǲأRȻ
ԪۣģпڣҲԶŵġ
R۽ɨλС㣬ٿԪŽɣ˵аɣҹһء
ȻR˲ųȥԪľŴ˩ˡ
Rһ⶯ԣϽתţƲ㴷ŭԪԶţ
ԪûЬϣһڲˮƳ˵թ
Rϴһ¡
ƴδƣ˶µģԪӢЦŽ͵ɣûʲôģͷ¶Ӿϰ˾ͺˡ
ǿЦЦӵȴûɿСʣǼλ
ŶԪҵԶݣҲıֵܡνһָԪûͷŵҴ󴬣ǾǼҵġ
ƶǶǵ˵ͷ
ʱţͬʱĵô¶ôŹˣ
ľһЦˡ˵ž͹ȥˡ
һľͱȥһߣRһɷģֱԪǰ
Ԫһ㶣͹˰ɣ
RѵǰǺЦţ֣ɶǸԪСѧģôǹأ
ԪһҶ˵ˣп͡
RЦУ㵱ſ˶Զˣһʲôֻһ䣬ñҵ֣
֪Ϊ¶ģԪƲƲ죺ʲôֲƵģ˭Ҫɡ
ҪRظţֿԣ㲻ң
ĸңԪϽʵλҹӿ̫̲סҪдһҲǿģŽָġֵƽ⣬Ǽ˵鰡˵ˣ㲻ãӵµҲ𣿡
RǾ壬Ҳòϡ
ǲͽˣԪЦһҲ֪ˡôҪҪһ֣ȴ
R룬ֱˡ
Ӧ󣬱˸첲һ¹һ£Ƿһ壬˵Ҫô죿
ôôˣԪüЩò֮ľ룬Ե̫Ӹ¡
Ƿҵ黹һҲҪ˵죿ЦǾϸϸһ£֮ĶԹ
Rȴһ֣ʾ˵ˣãѾˣô⳥ҡ
Ԫԡ
RתȥھʱԶ㣬һ֣͸ϸˡ
ͲˣְɡԪ˾裬㰺׳ȥˡ
ڳˣ˭ҲûϵôһԪ˰Σģϻ𣿡
ĿЦˡ
ԪһС쵰
һҹΪĸ״űԪĸ˾䣬һһʮȫ˵ˡ
ĩˣпţԪҴС㿴˹˹ĵһˣû뵽顣ʹǰ𣬸˵Ƕ쳳ˡ
ԣȴ룺˵Ҳ֣ԶףҲøⶼԪҵĴ󴬼ˣӰҲûš˵Ǽ˶µͣ˸øദǣ磬˵ˣӲܾˡ
ҲûܾѽԪС㲻ǰֶø翴𣿡Ƶ
˻ͷһۣ㶮ʲô˵תͷɻţҲǲ˴ˣǴϵˣԴöȲԪҲ²ҲǳҵģǡתסŮ֣ȻǱУưҪץסᰡ
ҡҷ£һյͨ졣
˰ѽһѾͷ£أ㿴㣬ôҲԽĶ̰ɣôҲҪһżңʱ;ɲҪߵöࣿ
ƴԴֻ
˼״֪ҲΪֵҲǣ˼ԽĹҲмλܼһҲûʲôáô˵ԽйѫﻹλҲõúܡ
Ƶˡ
ȴΪ⣬Ϊ˵ţԽӣүϮžλȥ˺ЩˣֻһһŮλСԪӢ⼸ҲˣǸദģֻϧ׸ʹЩȢף˺ӣǼСȴҲҪõġ
ǶүһҲˣǼҴССҲͰˣǶڸеȴֱСЩҲ䡣
үһԭͷ̫̫ûþȥˣλ̫̫ϣǸã˸үүֻҲСء޵λǸģҲǶүأĸ˵Ǹûʲôӵģǽ򣬻Ůеĵģ˵Ǹƺ«첻һġŶиүүͶС㣬Ǹʸ񣬵ΪʵҲûʲôµˡ
ưҪͣλү൱ģδɻ飬˵ҲǼģʶֻ֣㣬Ҳ֪ԽûôԣṆ̀ҲδǼ°
˵ˡȥתҪߡ
ŴӣԼŮҲٶ˵ֻЩ˯
ĸ׷ӭҹˬĽ磬ˮĴڰߣ졣ߣĬĬվ˺һ󣬷طȥˡ


27 
³, ԪҵĴڿͣǶɿڡ缸ձϢԽһؾʹ뱸, ֻȴ
ԪڼֵеڶԪүǰ, δ, λ, ʥԪλ, , ԽݳǶꡣﵱҵģԪү
ɿӭӵģԪүżֶǣһڶɿڰϵš
ԪԽݸζ, ڼҲҲֻСס, ټһؾ, Ǵϲ£ֵֶ, һ
ֻǶɿ˶, ѹ󣬲˶˸ϳϳ, ƺƵ, Խȥ
νǵһνʱԪԪӢͬһͷ, ̲סһǣ̽
ԪԪӢҲ˺ü꣬ʱףҸйط࣬ûʲôŵĻᣬٻȻҲ¶ʣԺνһ͵⾰
ǲǾǣԽֶˡνһ߿һ߸пţǱ߻зأ쿴ӾȻɫġԪ
С֡ԪһӵķӦ𣿡
ӣνĴԪĸ첲
һ·˵ЦڵԽǰ
νֳԪѣָ˸ǰʯʨӣʯʨӣɱԽҼſڵĻҪء
׵úܡԪм߰ĩ
˵ԼҵġνЦһ¡
Ԫüûٿڡ
Խͷһ£ҪȥݼԪҵڣԪϷϡϹѹ꣬ԪϷ˽Ůٳ񣬵ѸߣܼҴȨѴ󲿷ֶϱ⸮ĵһˣյͷ
νͷһؽԪңԪһ·̨ͤ¥󣬼ɽˮ񶰣ʮĹɡѵõǣ·ÿˣһ⣬ԶԶվһԣ࿴һۣصï}ˡ
׵һԺȴȱֵö࣬ǻδȥ滶Цţˡ
ν񿿽ԪԪ⣬˰֣ĸԺˡ
ν̧ͷͼӭ긾ˣǴŴ磬һ⸮ķˡ
ѽǿǻˣ̫̫һ綼߶ءΪ׵һЩķˣץԪĸ׵֣Ц
Ԫָνš
ﻹġνü
Ԫ
νŶһѹأڶɿƼ壬ûôġ
ͺãȥɣ̫̫ءһλ˿ڵ
ǾҴĸˡԪ
νüʶȥԪӢȴԪӢɫ糣ҲδϲֻѰһǴˣԼŮҲֻ˵ͷ
ֵһӡνֹţͱӭݡ
ʮֵؿϴɾשɼˣӣҲˡ
νԪקţûأȹˡ
ĸ밲Ԫ˵
νֻܸŹݡ
һЦĴ𣬾˹
νпտǰˣһ̫̫ͷЦ棬Ԫĸ׵֣ס˵ţ˾ͺã˾ͺۡ
ﳳ£Цﲻϣ׸˰νͿѾŵеϡ
ɻأͼԪԪӢԪᣬܵԪޣһϣԪϷٶȰݵ
ȻǴ֮ңؾǷࡣ
ԪϷȴüЦһ滽һֽнǰȥ֣Ǹ§ԪڻԪĸЦǼҿɾȫˡ
׷ҲЦţָνԪϷ˵⺢ӾǰᵽģԽ̫ؼҵǧ𣬹ġ
νϽվԪϷ밲
ԪϷҲͻǰ֣ϸϸһأ߿ЦҲǸõġȻֵǼҾ͵ǵԸļңȱʲôҪʲôֻܸǣɱί˰
νϾҪѡŮԪһңټԽްֹϵǰߵĴģ߶ãǳ˽ģպ˵ȥҲǴԽߵģٵ˺ô
ν߲ǱһϱĸŮԪϷ˵ڣˣĸףܵܽ飬ýơ
Ŷԭ׼ҡԪϷЦš
ҲЦһ·Ҳ˶үҵĴȻǹ¶ĸģҪۡ
׷˱ЦĻݣȻҪһѵġ
ԪϷתԪ˻ϣʵ׼ҵԺ䶼ʰ˰ɣ
Ʒ˸Ͻվػͱˣֻ׼ҷ˹ȥƣﲻõģٸġ
һЦˣӴǹԺӣǺõģĻʲôõİ
Ʒ˱ˣ׼ҷһ·۳Ͷ٣ȹȥЪЪ
أȥк׼ҷˣòˣȥæɡԪϷҲ˵
ƷλڲԸ˶˵ʲô强ĻҪ˽Ҳ˳ˮۣ뿪
ֻʣ°׷ĸŮˣԭںͷļλС㣬Ȳ׷ӵԪˡ
㣬˵µױɽ۰ͰãʱŻѵŮһӯӯЦ
ҲŲأǰǵǸǴóԺġԪӢƲ
˵ҷǵģѵŮһѾסԪ֣תͷԪӢ
ν⼸ˣԪŮӵ֣ͬ˵£ָɫѵģλ常ŮҶԪ»˵ָһʼճĬķɫѵŮӣλԪأҲ常Ů
νæָԽλСһһ
ѽԭμҽ㰡棬μҽȻòԪ»һѾץν֣Ϊ˵ţҴȻ˵ãǴӽҲǵĺˣԺҾͺˡ
νԪһȻˣҲЦˣԺͶöӦӦˡ
Ԫ»ЦӦ˵ڸ⼸չľͺá
϶ġνŬ΢Цš
˵ŻأͼԪϷߵĴѾߴЦ̫̫Ѿˡ
ԪϷ˱ŮЦǾȥ԰ɣҺ̫̫˵Ự
ԪһͶվ󷽳ȥ䡣


28 
ԪһԲ, ÿǰһֻ룬ʺ
ҲãٹվϦ, ǽһˡԪ»Ц
ʲôù, ץ֩, ػؾô㶫, û˼ԪӢ, Ҫ˵, Щǽȥúһǲ˼ء
㻹˼˵Ԫ»ʾ̧ͷ, СʱͳҪϸˤ, 񻹸ϰ
һ, ԪӢʱһӣ, û˵ʿ, ĿⶼȥˣļգҪϵġ
Ŷ𣿡Ԫ»Ȼǲŵġ
ԪӢƢһ, ҪԪ», Ҫȥһ
ҲŲȥأ죬ˡԪ», ˵ˣ⾩ĹСǣĸûĽڱ˵û
ôͽûԪӢѲ⾩ĹǶˣ
Ԫ»ԪضһۣǴģֻԽԽˣŮǾۻᣬͻƷʫԣдҵĻˡ
ʲôʱķˣԪӢƲ죬ûԽݳء
⻰Ҳ˵ûĽЦ˵Сطģû档Ԫ»ѵ
ôСطˣԪӢˣ⻹ʲô˼
Ԫ»̾ϢһĵϣһλݵС㣬ײŵ뾩ְûã˵˾侩ǵĵòݵĺãͱЦ˺þáͣܿء
ǣԪνһۣ˭֪ĵ£ǵľǱȲݵİ
ǰԪ»Ц˭ֿϳأǿǾģƲĳˡ
ҲϲԪӢһӣ
Ԫ»һ̾ϢǾǰ
νһţڶֻܸпȻǺԽݲͬԽݵʱЩ
űأһСѾͷ˸˸˵Ҽ˵СǱȥ˵˵
ԪδϳķˣһԪ»ü˵ûԶʲôҪ£ȵȥɡ
СѾͷЩΪѣ⣬̴ūСġ
νʼճĬԵԽСԪأֻڨڨȴվ֪ˣͬȥˡ
ȵȡԪ»ȴסתСѾͷ˵⺢ôô£СŻǽȻҪһ˵˵ﻰģ̾ôҪСȥδҲ̫ͨ˰ɣ
⡭СѾͷҪˣСĸҸԪ»죬ͰͰ죬Ҳû˵ӳî
ԪˣԪأҪȥ𣿡
ԪؿСѾͷв̣˵ұȥһ˰ɡ
ԪͷȥɣҹҲûʲô¶ȥС㣬һ˵˵ɡ⻰ǶԪ˵ģ۾ȴǿСѾͷġ
СѾͷͷӦþ
ԪҸ˸СѾͷȥˡ
ˣԪ»ѵһףйλɩǰ裬Ӿô󣬻Ҫȥ㣿
ԪӢЦʴ˵ǱŤʲô˵˰裿
Ԫ»̧־Ҫ
νȴˣСѾͷԭ⸮̷ģǶ̵ңǰ;һϾҡ֪СԪأ⸮ĶүǲǶ̶˺ȥһĸͬ⣬ǰˡ
Ԫʳָؽ棬˵ǸùŤһԪӢԪ»תͷͷֲ˾䣬Ŀǰǵġ
֮⣬ǽǱû¾ȥΪƣȻˣΣǲܸƴƱġ
㣬˵Щɨ˵ˡԪ»һ֣˻ûʲô£ǽһ·Ͽʲôʼţ
һյ䣬ԽֲһӵΧˮ֮ϣٱЦ̡
طԭԽΪʰ˼ԺģνڿԪס󣬼Ҫסһǿͣտڣ˵Ȼû
ȻϲӣԽݻݺӣԺӵҲǽݡԡνɢͷͬװԪ˵
Ԫһۣҡȣһ¡
Σĵһ죿ʣȵúԶ
νԴ룬˵Ǿǡ
Ԫ̧̧ۣ⻰ȫޣôһ㣬
ϲʡ
νЦ˵̤ϾƬصĵһţҾ뷵Խˡһֳ°ͣɷ˿䣬ҺȻãǰЩӣԺҲزȥˡЦ
ԪûнĻֻȥ˿ϣͷҹգ졣
ڶգԪڷдҪ͸ν֣ôⱻõ죬̧ͷǴվŵȴǸṫӸ㿡εһЦǻиǳǳľѡ
ԪҲ˵νȴǿɵۣǹʿߵĽͯɣò
ǡͯЦûˡ
ԪҲЦ硣
νڻعŶԭԪºڣ˵ԪǼֵܽõһԽݳǣûڳԽȥţòϣԪżǻ˵滰ġ
ԪһתνԹֻصԪϣλС˰ɣ
νǸֱڿˣسţҺͬãĸҲͲˣҲһ磬벻Ҫ֡
Ԫһ㶣̶ЦֵÿÿţܻᵽԽҲиԪӢҿˡ
νҲܶһҲ
ԪЦţҲ˴ӣ˵ǰ̫ѧ£ûܼʱϻÿɲҪΪٸҶ
ԪһԵĺӣҲЦδҲ̫СˣСôݳãʡѾͷǶһˡ
Ǻģֻװֵ֪ƣԪȴƫƫҪ˵ӣ˵֪ҾͲˣԼûȥ
㻹ҡԪ֡
ԪһⶼѾͳȥ˵ĶôܻҪأհհգҾһˣԸŰɡ
ǵ˱˻ԣԪ̲סһۡ
ȹȥ¥ԾȥԪ˵
νһ㣬Ԫȴ۾һģ
Ԫظʲôʱڲ㣿
Ԫνһ̧°ֵͣ¿пڸˡ


29 
Ԫ, 뿪ݺνԶ˴⣬, ૵Цÿ, , ¡
Ԫľ, Ҳ, , ͼ
ν֣תַŶͬʱһпţʷ壬һȻǸµĹӡ
ԪΣϾҪѡˡ
ҲпѡϰνٺЦ, Ҫѡϡ
ѡɩˣԪƳһۡ
ҲûܵİνɵЦš
ԪǸյģֻҡҡͷ, ȥæµ
ν, һ´, ûǼλֵ, ȥĶˣ
Ԫһ㶣ŷӦʳRǡ
Ǿǣǵĵ, ǲؼһȥĶԪ, ĺľһһȥ
νĺľСѾͷǣɵжȥ, ˶ԶˣԪһ̧°ͣˣûˣʱˣܸøңǵ׶Щʲô˰ɡ
Ԫ˲Լ˱ˮϸɲ豭˹˵˵ҼҵԶݡ
ɣνЦһ㻹ɵأǼЩһͻȻܳôԶݡŸǰϸ¶Դ
Ҳ֪ԪЦ
νüʵҪģǵ̬ȣ˵еֵܽǣֵܽǣöУǼˣȴйɫҹţǼǷǸ°ͣ˵
Խ˵ԽûˡԪƳһۣȹ۲ϸҲˣ˵
νһֳЦ˵ټľʵ٣ܸԽϱߵģŹˡʥϵλʺŹṫӸԪҲ̸ǱװɡҵǺʲôŸŸ硯ģǡȻʺľŻӾ£ʱĸϥ£ԡֹԪֱü
ԪҲѧӣһֳһգۣǺʱ뵽Щģ
νһô˵ˣվڷػţѽ˻ûأүĵȼˡ
Ԫվǳ˾ŻӾ£ʣµأ
ʮһֳ硣
ڸп
ԪʵȤ
㣬ĶĻѽνֻ֣ûϵȻиġ
ʲôֵģԪߵҲֳĸͬʺ׽ãǲıֵء
Gνпţ⾩ǹȻǸŸ󰡣ǮȨĶһˡ
Ԫ룬ֹǾء
ĺľ˶һţľͳţ˲ˣǱߴ̺Ͷ̳ˡ
ſνһֿɿˣ˾ʣô£
ľ죬˵Ҳֻ˵ͩΪһֻСƤһأ˵ϣָƤ֪ˣ͸ȥﳳˡǻʱ˵ء
νúͿʲôͩģ
Ԫһۣѹô
ЦͩǴ̵ŮǶġ
һ˵νˣ֪ǼҴүǳԽˣүģȴǼҴүǰͷ˸ӣһ򲻺ͣΪС£Ҳпԭ
Ԫ㵹ǶǸյһѧˡ
νǫ飺⻹ǶԿ㣬֪Щ
ԪЦҪ˵Ҳﲻ
ν˵Ԫ³ĸģֱһӣǵӣǽ󡣶Ԫº裬常Ķӣֻǲֱ׶СټҵŮһֱƽ
Ԫº䲻ƽòǲŻȭŹ򣬴Ԫ³һأƽҲĥƽˡֱȢŮȿ˸ԽӴ˱ԼҪƾӶڸͷ˶ɵͦñֱ¶ҪԽԪ³ȥɡ
ؽһҲϽźӷӣҪѹһͷ
νѾߵſˣͷԪŲʣôȥȥ
Ԫ˴Ĵͷüͷɹˡ
ɹˣɹν˵ţקߣȥ
ϵӣԪסͦЩ·ȵ죬νţߵʱͷҲ߳ϸܵĺ顣
ŷＸֵӺϱǴСˣæվӭԪ˿Ժų䣬ʣ˶ͷأ
Ǽ˶֪ʵʲôͷء
Ԫͷ̧žҪȥ
λɩݣң⴦ԺҲʰøţһĴġ
ֻԪνϸδ̤ͨݵ̨ףǾ˵һ죬ǲѱؿĵϵ
ɩҲƼˣǼѾͷϿôһ˵ûʲô󰭣Ҳ̣Ҳ⸮С㰡һ࣬Ҫô죿Ǵһ𣿡
νһϯüⲻԼԼû𣿡Ԫ˵
Ԫҡͷʾ˵ȥ
ãԼҲ˵ˣûʲô󰭣СӼ֣Ŀİġ˵ˣѾͷļ޲ȥǸﻹһڷԣ
˵˭޲ȥأŮ
Ԫννѹ˵ҿɩӣʲô˰
ԪͬС
վأͿһҲѵˣͷˣæҾ
ԪϽһѣû˳ԼԺȥǰֶŷˣظλ˵ˡ
ŷ˶ԪһϷűģ֪λС㣬ʲô飬˽⣬ΨһӣȴӦ
ԪһԶˣŷϱҡӣлС㣬ʹǷˣвߣǾͲֲ߰ǵӡ
˷׷׸͡
Цһ˿裬˵ǾأǲʶôС㣬Ҳ֪ĸ׶̫̫ɡҲǽͷ顣
˵㶼ߴϸ˵˵
ӱ뵱үûȥԽݳǶ̫̫⸮ǹܼҵġûʶֶ̫̫Σǽйܵһؼǣ˱ˣֻҪܸµģͶã˭ǰˣͷˣǿɾͲҿԵʱǼȴҲ
ϧүţ̫̫Ҳ͸ȥˣ̫̫ң˵ӵĻɣǿŷʲģĸ̫̫ĸ
һȷˣַ׷׵ͷ
һѣЦڶ̫̫ˣǻ᳣סģ⸮ʲôţ治˵һˣǳ򣬴үͲ˵˰ɣүﶼżˣƫƫүߣһûУɼֶ̫̫ˡ
ǡ
̧°ͣһˣŮǿɱԼҲܳ⸮ˣƲŻĶˣҿȸ˵ˣûһǵģСЩʡõʱû
Ⱥģ˵ĻвҲҪӦеġҲã˵Ҳ˵ˣôţǾǸ˵컯ˡ


30 
Ԫ뿪, Ժ⣬ʵ޴󰭣
̫ҽԺǺһֱԪĸףһͬǰԽ, սʱǾҽ, սʱסС԰, ҽ, ֲҩ, ˳ֻ̳ͽﲻ, ׺ڼԪʣЦİɣ˸Сǲҩ, Ҳܺܿȥġ
ҽԪȻỳɣͷǾͺá
̧˺, Цֻ, ⾩ǻһ
Ԫǲ⣬˵˾䣺ԽݳǺۡ
Զ, νҲɻţλôˣ
Ԫ׿ϵԺ, ǰ˵ĻɫڽҲҪȥۏ˻ˮ
νüҲǣɩӣ¶ʲôദġ
ԪЦ, ȴЩȻ, һԽһˣĶǫ̀棿
˲Ҫȥ, ͼǱԪӢԪؼҴҹˣҲǵϢҪ
Ѿȥƹˣ˸ǰԪӢʵ
Ԫȴƣʲô
ԪӢһ㶣Ԫضһۣɻ㲻ǴӴɩģ
ԪǰҺͽ£԰طͬʱһˣǾͳߣ㿴ѡôɩˣ
һʣԪӢѣ˵Ҳǣ˵ҲǣϵҲһĸͬ׸ӣֵӣСŮֶŮ¶ô˵Ӷˡ
Ԫؾ͸֪˵ЩʲôˣֻԪӢ࣬ײ
أͬԶԶˡ
ԪƵԪӢŬŬ죬Ц˵λɩɩô˰ɣ
ԪӢͷһüͷ˲š
Ԫǳ£ҺͽͲȥˣһȥͷأæ
˵գνҪߡ
ԪӢһȴһֻˡ
Щˣν˵ôȥﰢӢ
Ԫǰʹ֦һ£ϱϾɩӣҪΪҹܲţܡ
˵Ȼνѽһĸ첲ЦİɣϾѪһأӳ˾ͺˡҿӢǵȻĵˡȡЦ
ȻԪͰһۣ㻰ࡣ
˵ջִˣϢʱԪνԪڰ׷˷軨ӡ
˵λ˱Ů̻Ҫã˾û棬ǵҵ˻ŸҲòӣȰĸŮȥϺЩƷϣʾο
׷˶ЦôС˶ﾭܵסĸŶ
ֻǾһ£Խ¶֪ˣλ̵䵥׼ȴһһػóȥвƽߣ˵䡣
ϷҲ˵ˣԪص棬˼Ҿֱ˵һ䣺ɺͳԪˣһöѪԪӢƤɩɩȻںˡ
̶գ⸮ͳ£ԪеԽɲһתһ룬϶˷ǣҲûʲôġ
ϦǰһգԪĶĸʹȫҹˡԪԼʱĸȥĶøֻǸƷµĻɣƷĻˡ
͹ģֻ֪ģǰЩʱ̫үϲãص̫ҽԺ̫ҽƣػ˺Щӣǻˡĸ˵Ȼˣⷬ˵Ԫĸװ׷ġ
׷˵ͷӦõģǶѾˣԺ𣿡
ϷҲͷ㹫ʹˣǸСľġ
ﶼ׼̫үֹТ£䲻ǿҪԱ綡ǣΪТģöǻǻᶡǡٳ˲Ϣ䣬˭֪أ
ˣΪҼ̫ү¶ǰ£ⶼˡĸЦ
ǱΪĹǳԪһı㣬ĸͻȻԼϲѰŮӵĺߣһƺǱ˵˲һ㡣
ԪϷ˼ˣԪЦǽȥɣδúú˵˵ﻰˡ
Ԫ˾Ͷ˳ȥˡ
˴ԪӢұƲȥ
ԪԶǽֻһ꣬ǽб˴˵С⼸겻˺öࣿĵǰͬ׻ؾʱԲء
ЦУÿնԺܶأôݣ
ʱڵԵʡԪӢҲ˹Ц˵νġ
ʲôѽǡԪͶЦˣ龫ֵ֡ԪӢԴ
ĸ˵£Ķ𣿡Ԫ»ʵ
ӺˮصҲɣҲ֪
óһ⻰ûʲô£ҲͲٶ˵ֻЩΣļҵĳʳļ䡣
ˣ˵¥ǰ粻˵Ҫ˽¸ӷҿ¥ͺܺãҲãǾȥԺ¥ɡԪӢ
ԪЦ˵ҳԺ¥û˵Ҫ㣬ʲô
ôУԪӢüëһš˸첲ǳȥԺóԵģܲң
ϦءԪ»ѵ
һʼճĬԪӿˣ˵¥ϦһΪǰȥŮʳͶƲʳۿۡ
Ⱥ£ԪӢһ֣ǿɾ͸Ҫȥˡ
ԪӢ˵֪꣬¥ϰ˽ͽԪȥ¥һż䡣ʱ򣬺¥Ѷλˣȥ˻Ԫ壬͸һ䡣
ȻͷʹԪӢЦţָͷһһӢһضһһһҲء
ЦҲȥ
ȻˣԪӢüзݡ
ǽҲͱȥˣס£ǽδԺú˵˵ˡԪЦ
вУȴԪӢҡͷǶѾסˣȥǶ˯ȥ
νһ˵û¶ҿԹ㼷һԪӢ˸
Ŷ𣿡ԪӢֵ֣ǽҶƣ˭˾˭ֽ
νһӣһվ˭˭
˵۶ԷȥˣҲȰ裬ֻһԿЦ
ֱ洫һӵأ
ͷԪӢѾȪЦء
ԪӢһתԪ̧°ͣġ
Ԫ˸ۣѰˣȻġ
ѣ˶ЦΨһڹν󣺡˭İǣ˭


31 
׳һ̤, ͼڻŮӣһʱЩ, ̧Լıӡ
ͬܵܵ, ʱЦӴ, , ˼ˡ
׳߳ŭ, ˭˼ˣٻ˵
ԪӢ˳, Ц㲻ǰͷţʲô
һʣ׳ϣ漴ԽȥŵǸŮӡ
ãǲȷ
ԪӢͷԪ, תͷЦ˵ԭ, ӦǾ仰˽, Ͱøˡ
׳ȴδ˵ԪӢʱ, ԶԪ, ֱ㶵ģ·ڿһİˡ
ԪӢһǰ˻Σɤ˵ι, ͬ˵أ
׳Żع, ʶԼղŵʧ̬ڨڨЦˣ˵ͷ, ֿԪһ·ɡ
˶ЦԪ˵ࡣ͸ǾúЦˡ
ȥ׳˵ǹ˵һӽҲӺȥɣǡ
׳ǲᣬΰ㷢ȷ˶࣬ٴȥǲʣ֮£Ҳֻȥˡ
ôˣ㲻¡ߺҡͷ̾
ԪӢЦţԪǻΪûղһ˫۾޲óˡ
⻰ҲԪӢ˵Ԫšҿٺ˵
ţԪϷǱ߾˹ˣһأһȥˡ
ҹԪЪˣνֻѾͷԼдͷһҶƣ˵ҪԪӢ浽ͨ
Ԫϴ֮ȣͽ˽񴲰ᵽԺԼȣϡ
֨ѽһ죬Ҳϴˣҡ˹
ãһ˿ҲûСͷҹգ̾
ԪܣԺвˣѾǶڷҲͲˣżɽʵңĸ˵׮£ô£
żУû˵Լ£˵Ǹ˵ʱм䶼͸Ź쵱˵棬ȴǰĮ顣Ԫ˽⣬Ǿװɬġ
·ϵԼתͷǷһ˿ЦŵĿɬСүѦӡ
ѦңԪһ㶣ǣǵǸˣܡ
ҵˣǰͲˡٿԪԺһïܵݣЦȻѸΪҶ¡
Ը𣿡Ԫ֪ôӺ˵ֻʵ
Цѡ㣬Ը𣿡
ҡԪһʱѡ£֪ΪΣδҪȥ˸˵ıؾ֮·ҲδҪȥ·
޷شҡҡͷ̾ϢԸأˣԭ޷ΪԼֻӳİš
ǡ
ҼѦǸˣòǹѫңһֻһӣҼ޹ȥ˵ʳǣҵΪðˡ
ˣԪȴֵֹܾġֽŵǾ仰˵꣺ϲķλܹѽ
ϲһ𣿡Ԥ׵أͻȻ
Ԫһ㶡
ӣ˴𰸣ҡӣƮƮߺͣҪϲһˣͻ֪ΪããҪġ
˵ţԳЦǰ̨ЩӼ˵Ĺ£֮׷Ϊѵáˡ
ԪʼüⷬﲻԾ˵Ҳȥǲ˵ġҿӣ·ȻλܹӣԼʵˡ
ľĻԪҲ޻˵Ͼλܹӵ涼δֺδ˵أ
հհգ˽и˵Եɡ
ڶձϦ԰Ů࣬֡Ԫ͸˵ˣֻͷƫ˱ڶŴ˳¥ȥ
νһγţʱֻ࣬żھֵطʱӿһۡ
¥ҪԽݣԼ¥ĵλɡνڽ˺¥һ´ţһͬԪ˵
ǰǰͷԪ»ƫˣͷ˵¥˵ǼҵĲ˺Ǻóԣʲôţ⡢ͷ
νЦɱ˵ˣҵĿˮҪˡ
ǹĹǣ¥Ⲧ˸˹źһ·ȥż䣬ϲϹ󣬾ųȥˣ˵
ԪʱҲ游ĸ¥ֻ̫СѼǲֻ࣬żڵĲãڲϹ֪ϵȡֻһҪӰɡ
뵽ԪӢɴ˸ˣ
ԪӢĳƬϣһ㶣ڷʣûȥ𣿡

ģ˶ʱҲ֪ˣⷹˣǽ˵ˣȴ֪ںδ
żڰƬ̣ԪӢһվͽȥ
ȥɡԪ»Ҳվȥһ¡˵žȥ
˵ҲɣԪ»Ŵżţ˾ϲһףС㣿
Ԫ̧ȥֻżһλ˷Բ۵ĹҲż￴˹
ԪԪӢνϵãȴǼģҲ׷վкС㡣
Ԫ䲻ϵãǳƺһС㡱ҲˣǱˣŹҵС㣬ޱ
ԽʱԪλСˣ˵òˣӱˣǾǵһˡʱνл˵λǵһˣ֪ʲôܵ⡰һšۼˣλǵһˣȴһװ磬ԵãʮӢ
أСˡ
磿磿Ԫ»ȵôǡ
˵ȻԪ⴫ţҲֵôҲ˵գԪԴ̽ż
ˣԪ˰֣Ԫ岻ð亹ôˣ
ԪӢٺЦţû˼˵ǻǴġ
ôվŲ߰һԵе㲻ͷ
ǻԪУȴǾе졣νһۣҲ΢΢šüߣ˾Ͷ֪ˣ¾Ⱥˡ
ǸϵɣһɣƫƫԪӢ
⡭Ԫ£ֻعͷȥš
ԪƵǵ˵ÿһϤӰͳżſڣܣһƲôСһط˰ɣ


32 
R˵ż̫Сʱ, ԪпϲǾͲһԷˡ
ƫƫʱǶµǼżͦ󣬲綼ŲȥǱߣ
Ԫ, ²С, ֳ硣
ԪӢĻعͷ, Ԫѯʡ
Ԫ㿴˿, ɡ
ֿν, νҲҶС
Ԫ»Ԫ, Ҳŵ˵ͷ
ˣԪ̧°ͣſڴļ˵ͺܺãλԱɡ
Ԫ»˵һʱ, ΪԪǲǼ˵ʵݣͬ˵, Ǽλɶһ˼ҵ, ڲǵӣõġ
ԪȻ, Ǽ˶ʲôͷ, ֻԪ»̶֪£ѾǼ˵ƢˣǴ˿̲, Ҳδؾͻϡ
, ƽȵţӭRϷߣǴظͺá
Ƶ, 仰ʱ򣬳Rü΢΢˵ˣҲ͹ȥɡ
ҪߣȴͻȻޱ˵ޱ㣬㿴Ů춼ߣҪҪͬһ𣿡
ޱƳôҰ
ô᣿ЦţǾðɣŮһл˵
ޱߵҲҾҪһ𡣡˵žץס˳Rĸ첲Ÿ磬Ҫһ
Rɫ糣˵ͷǾһɡ
Ԫߣ󣬿żԪһۣѾͷȻЦеس˻֣ߴߡǡҡͷ׷ǰˡ
ˣ¿ԷĴ󵨵سˡԪ˵ţʾҶɿ㣬˵ˡ
ԪӢ˻ȥֳգ˵Ҫ֪Ǵģȥٲһ˵̡
ԪҡҡʳָЦǣ㡣
ôԪӢһӣǲиͬͬ𣿡
˭ͬԪЦԸŰɡ
һԪ»ԪضЦνȰˣˣڵģ˵ֲĻ
˳ֱ֣˲ˣʳҷŰ
Ʒһӣ⣬ԪνȽ¥Խ¥ĿζȻһ¥϶
˴ŵѾڿż䷿ŵĵطҲһľ߹ȥۣŻ˵Ǿ׸Ĺٱ
δ䣬ֻһԪӢӦ죬һСġ˵ڣȴֻż䷿űϣٶʱһɫѵӣЮľţţ¶һ˫۾ݺݵˡ
ͳвҲҾɱеĵľĲӿЩһ˿ʺѪľ¡
Ԫվ䲻֪ʲôˣ¥µ̣²ʲô׼ĴͽСģľ
ѿżˣȫŮӣ޸֮ģԸзɣĵû뿪ľĲӣֻظҲܸ˷ˣ֪ġ
ȺԪصС˿ץԪ»֣վɪɪԪӢúܣ֪ڻóȻֵĻᣬֻš뿴ԪľѾߣͿˡ
Ԫ˿ת÷ɿ죬ż˵󲻴󣬵ҪһȴǼѵġ
λ̨ҲѾˣǸż䣬ʲô˵ĵطҵи⡣˵
Ȼף˵̧̧°ͣʾ
ԪЮֵģֻҵһŮҲܿһ£ЮҳȥЩٱضΪѡ
С㣬ʹãľ
УԪӢνҲ
ӼЩ˼ˣ֪˵Ůӿݲֻͣȷţ˫ۣʵƾʲô㣿
ԪԻͳһϵȵ֬λοŸԪ֡
ԽԪңӲſڿӡ
в֪ԽԪҵģŸڣȻ߰˳ɣ̧°ͣԪ˵㣬
ԪҪߣͱԪӢһקסˡ
УԪӢšüҲȥ
ԪһЦԼ֣ſڵӡ
С㡭ľҪˣѩĵĲǰҲҶֻȦͨ졣
ԪվסţӶӣ
¥µԽԽˣһźƴһѣץľ첲ֻ˿ȥץԪõǰľһѡ
ľһģδվȣСԪһУȲͷѿһ԰ŵҶϣΰ߲Ѫ
С㣿ףǹڵصģȴǸӣƺҲסˣŵϵֻյϱۣβŴӺͺһ̧ͷȥԪҪƴˡ
Ԫһѩſһֻ첲ȴһ˿Ѫ÷·ֽˡ
˶ţȴվȭͷҪԪҹ
Ԫ΢΢ְֽۣʹ˾ֻδżžͱ˴˿˳ƾͽӰڵˡ
û°ɣһԪ壬ʶˣãڡ
Ԫ壬žŵԪأͲסؿԪ»ҲŵˣԳֻ֣ԪصıСο
ȥôһ̲Ѫ˭˭ˣ׳զզе
Ԫѳ侲ǱһδľԼȡһɾë˫֡
Ԫһץ֣߲Ѫšüʵˣ
û¡˵ţ䵽󷽱Ѻסϣĺڲѱȡ£¶ɬһ
ӺݺݵԪвŮûһʵֱۣлᣬһ˫㣡
ס죡ȴǳRȵ
ֳϽվŸʲôȥ
òӵ죬ȥ
żڷ飬û˼Ҫȥˣ׷׶ʾҪؼҡ
Ҫʱּһ׸Ĺٱ˹˵Ҫ뷽ſ˵Ĺһˣڹ
ӣôǹأԪüͷһҪվͼԪ嵲ǰ˵λүȽŮǶͬүһͬǰ
λٲҲæ˵ң㡣
磿Ԫšü
ԪֻҡҡͷʾҪٶ໰
δԪͬУ׳ţԪ˵ϳ뿪
ҲͻȥɡԪ忴Ԫˣʾϳ
Ԫ󣬲Ҫϳ˿ڵ
ͷͼR


33 
˴Ǻ¥ĺԺ, רͣģʱܲʲô˵ȣԪųR, ͣҪϳĶ, תһ, ȴʼδ˵
ô, ˾, 硯ƺˣRЦ, δҲ̫Щɣ
Ԫޱߣ΢΢ͷ󣺡µıþŮʵ״ʡȴ䵭
RͷޱޱԼ, ЦֻûеõRĻӦͼȻתͷȥˡ
Rʵ
ԪԴµһͣŮҡ
Rȴؾͷʲô벻ҵ, ɲƢ
һ˵, Ԫ̧ͷɫ糣, ֻǾǡ
ΣѲһ˵Ƣ, ŵصı䣿Ršڷţһ˵ĸ첲ǲʶԪ, е, 緢ǰ⸱ΨΨŵŵģ
ԸŮȸˡ˵
Rʵкܶ໰˵, ſɱ˵ʱ£ϽѪʱ񲻶ģڣоΡ
ʱȴʲôʲˣֻȻתַһѣһԵԪˡ
ˣǲһˡΪһˣԪڵһʱȥôڴ֮ͥ·ϳöֱ֮ӻؼңڽ϶
٣ڻС
ڶգԽں¥סһͨ˵Ϣʹ˾ǵĴС
ϢԽԺʱԪӢԪԹţǸ˳޵ĴӢ͸ŶԣΪѾ޷޲ƽþˡ
ԪȴνԪ»˵ҪǴǴ㿳ɱˣǷˡ
ԪӢ̵㵱Ȼô˵ˣһ̥ģȻҪˡ
Ԫ»Цһ治˼
ǻʲô˼ԪӢ˸ۡ
ԪĴһ£ô˵ô˵
Ԫ»ǴǴ㣬ǵʱ˾Ͷ֪ˣʱԽСǶں¥˸ЮˣЩЩ˸֪ˣָᱻųʲôأ浽ʱҵҪҪ
˵ţָԪν񣺡ο㻹Ҫ빬ѡˣǱ֪ˣֱӾˡ
ͬסˣô˿ޣǴ㣬ͶЩأԪӢ⣬Ҳ̫ƽ˰ɣ
Ԫ˿裬΢΢ЦΪʲôأΪŮˡ
ԪӢҭסһʱҲ֪˵ʲô
ˣ˵վ»ͬһȥ˾׸֤ʵνЦֻº¥Ĺ°汾ҲǼλźõİɡ
ǱضˡԪӢӹ磬һֳ˵Ǽλһͬʢ£ɡ
Ԫ»ͷȷˡ
˵ŻԪͬҲˣǣԪԪӢȡЦ˵һԪؾѾƵˣֶ˸ƣֱһƺ«˿̼ˣؾ仰һʱҪЦϽֺ˿ѹѹ
˵¥£ļˣΨûȥԪأǺ¥Ǹʲôط
ԪӢ⣬һȴ¥⾩ľ¥ˣ˵ǹҲȲǼҳӵա
þ̾ջð
νЦԪӢϹ˵ɣԹع磬Ƚˡ
ôûԹأԪӢҺôҲüأ
νüŶǶʲô֥ùӵˣó˵
Ҳ㣡ԪӢ
ƿģĽ
ԪһƵȥ¥ȷǽƸһɶѹûﻹôһԪǷǵã˵
⸮̵ӣԪǶүӣ׽ҲȻ顣ԪӢֳԽӣδԽ̲ͣظ֪顣ԪȴԪӢҪãЩƣϧƣҲ̫Ƕ̿ҪԽˡ
С㡣ĳſڣԪ
Ԫ̧ͷʵ£
ıһż㣬ݸŹġ
һŹż㣬˶ʱ쿴˭дģдʲô
ԪҲú֣ţһ÷ż㣬Уȴǡޱ
ö˶˵ģôдˣԪӢԪż㣬ȥ˼أţȥƷ裿
Ԫʳָ棬Ԫ»λС㣬ʲô
Ԫ»ҡҡͷŹճС㣬ĸǵĻʺ󣬰㻹ĳǰòͲ飬ЩܸʵġлţҲͷ֮ѡң˵Ԫѹѡ㣬ʥϽָλүλδĶˡ
ôģԪʡ
Ԫ»˻ȥͷҲ˵ģʱ޹УʥϺǶġˣҲ⡣
ԪЦʥɲǸġ
Ԫ»ҲЦлˡ
ʲôʲô˵ЩʲôҲ˵ԪӢ˵Ļ
ûʲôԪ»ƿԪΣҪȥ𣿡
ԪԪӢûż㣬ּţˡż㣬˵ȥΪʲôȥ˼ҵӶˣһܱܶ𣿡
ͷڹɲԪķ
ڶգԪʰĺľֻһ·Źʻȥ
ǰԪӢνҪҪ׳
ۿѡڼʱȥҲ֪ԵɣһиһɾͲˡν˵
ǣͬȥôܱƽԪӢǰӷĺ챦ذףӧ
ԪЦǱȥŹģиһŹҲ˵ˣǵȻᱻ۸𣿡ˡ
ʶؾҡͷ۸˾õˡҪ˵һ죬ܰ˸Ȼ
ȥأҪǰ㻹ûҿɾҪȥŹĴˡԪӢ۾˵
İɡԪǡ
Źңλ׸λʺӵڳΪ߸ǲ˵˴һ塣
ΪѬգԴԪܼŽȥԺֻĿ֮͸һ˵ţϸƣǷҲĸϢƩԺǽǵĵ֦Ҷһߣûа꣬ϳ˵ز
ԪС㣬˴ҼСԺˡĹָܼһԺ䣬Ԫ˵
еȺڴ˵ѾӭЦūԪС㰲
Ԫǵں¥ѾҲһװ磬ޱٿĴŴ磬ضҲޱԵĴѾˡԪ΢Цͷȥ
ޱϣյ죬ȹҷأüĿһ˿ǳǳЦ⣬ڿԪĨЦѸӿ
ԪС㡣ޱǰ
ԪҲŻ񣺡С㡣
˴ϲ裬ޱʾȫȥֻԪ˵
˵ԪСǸˬˣҲͲĨˡޱЦԪСԪС㣬¸ѡ㣬ԪСǷһλ


34 
Ԫ˼һ, ʶޱ˵ġһλָʲô
, Ϊ˵ѡһ£úЦ, ô, ѡ¶, ֲɣ
, үδҲ̫˰ɡ
˵, ȴޱ֣ѵûҪΪԼһ𣿡
⻰ȴǸԪʵˣ񣬻δ֪ԼĻ´ɲԼʱЩˡ֪Ϊ, ţһжˮ, ġ
ֻԪ, ޱʧѵ˵ˣʵҲûôڲͬ
Ԫ̲סӸղҾ, һֱ˵ǵ, ǵ˭
ޱشԪԼǳRǣ
㾹ֱ֣ޱţԭѺõزˣϱ⼸¡ҡͷ, ôأ, û
зļԪ֣ǰ˻, СС㣿
ޱɻԪȴѾµð˾ŲʮˡλС㣬֮ˣϾҪѡ㣬֮ǰҲʮþȣԼܼ޵ɾֱ
Rôޱǰ˵ԼģгޣģǳϱߵҰѾͷαȵþеŹŮأԳ롣
ޱ˶ٶȿԪ˵ĸǹŻӾ£Ը⣬֮λضĪ˵ţüͷѵĴû
ԪѸ٣ЩûȥԼú룬ޱɻصС㣬˵ʵ˵ЩҺ㡣¿ҲҲڶŮӣ˵Ļˡֻǣ΢΢ЦЦ¶е㲻ס
ô˵ޱʡ
ҿ㷸ԪָͷȣҲҪģ㲻ңȥҵˣľ¡ȶһ͸ȥ˵Ƕͨ´ͻ飬ֺαһأ
ޱҧ촽֪ġСһ𳤴ǵĸãǱãһ׺ңҲȶŮҪõöࡣΪҲϲҵġ
ȻԸǲˣԪ⣬һأ
ޱ̧ۿЦͻȻеɬ˵Ϊ
һŮӣһӶ飬ΪӶҲ⣬ֱĳһ췢ԭģŮӵָأ
ңԪָԼ
㡣ޱʮֵؿ϶ûǰľŸ磬㲻ڵǰʲôһ֪ҿó
ƾ¥һ棿
ƾ¥һ档ޱ˵žЦˣ˵̫ҲǼ¡
ԪţǾܾҾãпǴġRͣ㺰أ
ޱ÷ֻʵո˵ˣǻһأ
ԪЦڶȻ㿴ҡ
ν⣿
̹ףҲ㣬ҵȷδνľ֮λͷ˵֮ǰδ˸˵ʡԪЦߣ˵زʶһڻʳ֮ӣʲôûŴϾˣжͣܽأԼûжôسɫСѹҴˡ
㻹Ǹȥ˵ģֱޱ۾ϿҵЩ㲻˵ԷԶҲ֪ҴţֻġΪֻΪѡ
ޱĻĬ˼飬漴ҲЦˣҳϣ˵Ҳмֵ
ԪŴҲЦЦ˵ҪΪƾ⼸仰ܽҶɾ裬ɾͻˡ
Ԫ죬ѣƷһ裬̧ۿʣôΪҪأѵΪвңҪҳȫ𣿡
ޱһü仰Ҿ͸ˡ
ԪЦҪҵĿڣҲǼ׵顣ɱңýǮ¸Ұ
ޱü
Ԫһ̯֣ϲô˵أһб£ҲܲҪԷ͵ûǮʵ
ޱЦһûĸǧСǮߵģܰ˵ôֱ׳Ԫ΢΢ͷҴЩˣΪһʵӡңҲҪ˵Ự
ҵҡԪ߲ܣ۰ᣬյȫա
ߵʱʱͬޱۿʻ˳ȥѾʵС㣬Σ
ޱ̾Ϣе˵壬ҪǸĽɫҪǺĻò׼
Ŀʧ˹սǴԸпλԪС˵Ļۺûȭͷ޻ϣģúǴܡ
Ѿܾöûйָоˡ
ʻŹȴδʱ·ߣڲ·ڹ˸䣬һϡٵĽֵʻȥ
С㣬ˡһʱͣ£ӿֻۣͷԪ˵
ˣԪʡ
ľ˵ͷԴ̽ˣﲻ
һñΪԪϣ³ľӣԪĵ֣
͸ñµɴǰһССԺ䣬ţһĴӰǽ̽˳֦Ҷд
ǰ˿ͭ
ʱ˹š
ǣ˼ǸĹվЩ졣
ܹ𣿡΢΢Цʡ
ԷȵͷÿǱվŵԪǼС㣬лҪͬ˵
ĵСԺڣԪипǱȲŹĿȴѵСң¶ʰóĴġ
޺ò裬ֻСһյˡԷڳһյ裬ԺСϡ
ԪС£ȴδȥյ裬Ҳδñֻ˵ܹ
ĿЩ޴룬Ƕסˣ
֪ԽĴСԹٺᣬν£װ򶨣ʵ
Ԫܿϵ飬ɸǵɴȴģ˿̻ʳ˿ڣȴʹ˵ϣˡ
Ԫڣֻܹһͬѧڰ¹Ժ׸ԽӼ
Ĳ֪Ϊλ˵ɻ󣬵Ǵˣǣͬͬ㣬ָ̹ǳֻУҲǶԵ˵׻׻̻ˡ
Ԫ÷ЦʣŶ𣿡
üӲͷƤǡ
ԪЦһǣ˵׻׻̻ѲҲҪŮ˽һ£


35 
ԪĻ, һڵؾվϥȴ, ۵, , ۾Լ˸
, ô֪ϥ, ֱšʶԼ˵ɾǳ, ǼûţһʱˣҲ֪ʹģġ
Ԫֻ, һǱࡣ
֪ģʵܼ򵥡Ů, Ǹһȥ˺¥ġڼһż, ʱԪ̧ͷײɫ, ߶, ʱֻЩ֣Ҳδ룬Ұ¡
һ£˷׷¥, ׼ǳظԪϳ, ڽȥǰƬ̣һһءԪ˳ſ˹ȥ, ȴֻɫӰʧϡǷǸ˵Ӱ
һ˸ۣһĽõȥ̽ϸһľȥǸνġܹӡ
ľǸԪģҲʶĶ֣ǷǣѰѾ߶ǲǵġԽݳǳôЩ꣬ʶȻǳԪ飬˵ҪǾСһ
ֻǵԪ˵µʱ򣬾Ҳ𾪡
˽ֻڻϿ񵹽Ÿˡ
ĵĸ׹ĸѾߣĵĸһĸͬãԿǱáԿĴ̽Ϣ֪¹شĲϢ͸¶κ֪СҲУԼҴһԪ֪
Ԫ˼Ƭִ̣ľ˵λܹӵĹ˼֮£˸⡣
֪ܹԭҲǶ˼ңֻһԱ㣬ѧ£ǰ¹ԺԺȷǸ˲ţ㣬£Ҳ㡣ԪȻ˵
˵ԼĹЩ⡣
Ԫȴ˵ţӽտ°¹ԺԺǴġô飬ȫǰ׶ˡһˣȴֻ뵽˽ӣǽЦ󷽡
⻰Ǵĵʹ㣬ԷֱӣѪ˿۾ϴԪȻ㶮ʲô
ҶʲôԪЦ˵ģһǫ˵Լ˽һ¶ŮӶζʲôܴĶ𣿡
Ĳ׿ľ˾磬Ů̸кβɣ
ԪЦ׿ľƣ˾ģ̸һ򲽽Ա˾ǰĲŻ־𣿡
ҡһʱҭס
ԪԽ䵭ˣİĽҰ㣬˽⣿䲻ӣȴҲ֪Ĵһˣ᲻ҪѹӵġһҵС㣬ѲҪҲѧ׿ľȥ㵱𣿡
ֻҪһ𡭡૵
ֱڶţ٣ԪЩͷվתҪߡ
ߣҪ޸ˣ
ĵһͺԪסţȥôܾ޸ˣῪĵģֻġ
֪ھǸҸʳٻ󣬴ߣΨһġ㲻һ˵ҴˣˣȴΨһˡ
ԪתĹվҰײ£Ȼһ
ԪĬƬ̣˵ܹӣÿ˶޷ѡԼĳ֮ԼġҲ˵ͬ㣬ͬ㣬Ͱ飬վҪԼ
ģͬѾͷ˵飬ûŰ㣬ڰҲѾ֪ˣΣԼ˵ɡ
棿Ĳ⡣
׼Сȥ踣㣬Ϊ游ԸԪ仰δ˵뿪
ԣֻصֵĴϡ
ĿԪޱģ֪ʵеܣλܹӣԱС㻹һƬĵġ
ԪЦǽƾһƬľ͹˵ģֻôԹŮأ
˴£踣Ȳô£ȴӦʢСԱŮ춼˴
ԵԪͬһǰʱ򣬲û˾ֻ֣ԪӢֻȥκᶨҲ޿κΣһڼ
һжеú˳Ԫڴ۱㣬ԪͷһҪһ䡣֧еѾӣ·Сɳȥæµ踣µĺ԰
ѵƧͤԪδǰֻĿȥǻ˵ЩʲôҲԸǵģת߿һɽ
踣½ڷɽ£ȥӦĴ˵⣬ɽľҲһ󿴵㡣ɽߣͽձɵɽʤľïܣɽʯ죬ɽΪƽȽϺһϣһɿŮĻӭ
ǰԪضҪȥһģ˿ֻ̧ͷңɽҲΪȤ
أԪһͷʱȴһֻë׵СӣסСȣͷ˫Բȴʲô˼Ĵ۾ֱԪ﷢ë
ҲȥѱԪ˿һֻСӣȴЩ޴ˡһһô۵С۰ΣԪ̲ס̧̧СӱŵȡŶһ£СԽýˡ
ðɣйСӣʵѽʲôûаûԵģҲûȵģҴѽ
СöɱСȲ֡
ϲ㡣
ԪСӽţͻȻͷϴôһ
ͷȥü㡣
Rڼɽϣ΢Ц֣ҡ
ǣԪҪվСӻȣֻһأ˰滹С԰ĸڣôˣôأ
RȴŽֻ̧̧ͣ°ͣʵСһô죿
ô죿Ԫ٣ʳRϿдʲôԵģ
Rһ̯֣㿴ǻֶϵ𣿡
֪ҲǰʡԪԴֻСӣΡ
ȻҸٰ£óԼӣСǰ͡
˼ǣСӻ˫ˡ
ʧԪǷӣϽԶ
СץҲԪ뿪Լվ˰Σȥ
СˣԪ˿
һû꣬Ԫһ죬ǳRԼɽ
һ㶣Ҫ׷ô
RһüԼɽ
Ԫĵģ˭ôۣԼλɽһ룬ܸRһģҲʲôˡһ룬ƺҲ˵ͨˡ
ȵȣ˵ɽԪֿ˻أô踣¿ɽѽ
RѦĸȥˣĴ䣬͵
˵ǲ⣬Ԫڶȴͬ
˵˭Ѧӣɴۡ


36 
ԪתҪ, Rеԭ֪㻹иİá
Ԫסţת˳R, ɻ󣺡ʲô˼
Rǰ, ֱǰ, ΢΢, , Цҵǧڴ˴Ļ, ԽĴСԴڻ˵Ǵȥεú䶯ȫǣ
㣡Ԫδϵ֪֮࣬һʱ֪ôӺ˵, ֻɶŭĿʾ
˾Ƭ̣ԪЩί, ΪԼ, Ϊİ㡣
ǲĻᣬ, ˵, ͬ˵
Rǿһ˫ۣȴƺһˮ⣬Щ̣İ, Ѧĸǰ, һʱǲģһ׿ţ㲻õġ
⻰, Ԫһתȴŭˣ㷽׽Ūң
RȴȻƣ꣬СЩǱͬˡ˵ɾͲˡ
㻹ЦңԪսȭͷ
ûûУᡣR˵ţ˻ȥãл㡣
ңԪ⡣
Rͷȥޱǲǣ
Ԫ֪ң
RЦЦҲ˵Ķġ
Ԫ붼û͵ͷϲ㡣
Rһ㶣̶ЦҲ˵
ԪҲסˣʲô
RЦһ˫ĿĲ
仰һƹԪͷϣ¶֪˵Щʲôֻɻؿ˳R
RҲ΢΢ü
ڻعʶԼеңȴҪ򶨣Сһ÷УһǾ֮ϣҾͦõġ
ŶR΢΢ۣ㵱ôģ
ǣԪᶨͷҾɲŮòر䣡
⻰˵ÿУһ㶼ڷ̡ԽУRȴԽͷԼء
Ԫȴ벻ЩɫȥΪԼС˵ʲôһʱҲЩô˵λҲǻʵ۵Ķӣλү
Ĳ
Ԫ֣յڶԼˣⲻܾġ
˵벻롣RЩͷˡ
ԪãǷˡ
ΪҪЩԪҲᷳ˱ɴ
RȴԤʣޱ˵ģʲô˵ʡպڣ
Ԫ󷽳ϣҡ
ǺãR˵
Ԫ˰κ̲ס̧ȥԳRϵ¶ȣǴջӰɣ
֡R˵ţץס֣ˣ˵ˣڣֵˡ
Ԫ죬̶˲䣬ѹǧ˼ΪʲôأϳRߣΪʲôң
Ϊʲô㣿RۼԽޱŹ۲ò㲢ԣΪβɣ
Ԫ侲Լ֣ߵһЦԭǵѡı׼ֻˣǶģ´ɲͬ˵Щ
һ¡ɹгRͷð˻𣺡㵽˵ʲô
ԽԪԽƶ˵»˸ľ
Rδ˵һʱöЦָֻţ˵˵ô
ҪóԪ˻ȹƻصѡȥòҾþֻһ㣬¾Ȥ
RһҪ˵ͱԪδ֪Ƶĳֹˡ
ʳ֮УĶǶ׳ƳŮӡСױãǰҲɰģԽݳǣƫԶϾŮӣôʮֵعأûʲôҲûʲôɫǶײȻǾʵġ
ɵ¶и޵ģܳҲ̣ܶ۳̣ȥġʾȥأָοأǻңǻ֮ģ˵ǷڣûѡС㣿ʼֱųRʵЩпǹ
һķʣгRӦӲϾѹ֪ûشĸΨ
ԪҲ֮Сƽ䣬վRһתҪߡ
ΪλҪȥѡ㣿
ԪζסεЦ£˵ûѡ
ΪվŵԵʣRãڴԼʱǸߵģȴúܡ
һѾעľ棬ѡ񣬶ôһ⡣Ǹӡ˵ԼЦˣԣӣҲһɵԼƩҶ磬ǰǰ㲻ԸҲȢҶɩɩ
£ǲ㣬ٻеѡ˵
еѡRظţؾЦˣ̧ۿԪ㵱Ϊеѡ
Ԫ룬˵ĳ̶ֳ˵ܵԽ࣬ܵҲԽ࣬Ǵۡ
㻹ͦᰲο˵ġRЦҲվ˲ͽ߲֮תˣǲѡܸݵǸ֮һˡ
䲻𽭺֮Ԫüͷһ壺ɱ˵֮׵ġ
ףRü㿴ҸޱһأҿҲˡ
㣡Ԫһ٣ΪҳؾǾͲ֪ǵ˶˵СػΪһԼżһԽݳǵʱ򣬽Ǹţᵽ˶˵㻹ǸɵӲɣ
ŶRǰһߴӰסͷȥߣʵ˶˵Ҳˣ
ԪֻһԼĶϣȶѸԼ˫գлңʶ̧ȥƿ˳RߵǲȻأ
RǵһЦ

ԶԪһתͷͶԳR˵߰ɡ
Rȴ˸첲һɵߣΪʲôҪߣ˵ģҼȻûʲôҪô
ˣʮֵزءԪһۣУߣߡͳǱ߹ȥˡ
γRûֹ
ԪǰѰʱͷǱߣѲRӰˡ
ں˭˵Һ񿴼ˡɻ
ԪЦҡͷûʲôɵ˰ˣѾˡ
˵ͷ
ԪɫήңʵΣ
ǿЦЦ˵ҶѾͬ˵ˣŹţ··£Ŭ˵޹ϸ𡣡
Ԫ֪ѹȥͤҲѲӰ뿪ֻͤǰһݣȻš
лµˣ׻ǲ١


37 
Ժ踣», Խһ糣鸮ҲϢ˵ǺҲˣʮ³, ޡ
Ϣʱ, Ԫͬν塣νִ, ԪЦ, һ׮һ׮
Ԫû˵, , ̧˵ûˡ
νһ̣ðһӣվҪߣһȥҰӢҶưɡ
νǰŲߣľͽ, һ̬ȥԪ, ѹ˵С, ǱϢ˵ܹʱ˵
Ԫʰӵһ٣ûУ
ľС, Ѿ, ֻ
ֻʲô
ľΪѣǿ˵ܹţȴͬʬһ㣬ûʲô, ⼸Ҳմ, ھǣǴʳ
ϢԪ, һˣǶˣϢЦ˰һƬġ
һӣϣһ졣
ľˣ֪ˣҲֻվһࡣ
ĬƬ̣Ԫһ̧֣ȥɣȥơ
ľӦҪȥԪ²ظ֪С㡣
ľһ㶣˳ƴӦˡ
סԺ⣬صС˼ǴСˣæ˵С棬˵޴󰭡
ﲻԪһƵģ˿С˵˵ͷԺȥ
գԭľïʢԺм軨֦ҶģһûˮԵʡ
˲ˣȻû˼ЩġԪ̾
ĵӲһŴһ鰸µģ鼮˼ӡ鰸ϻ٣ֻϧһҶˣ
С㡣죬ﲻתͷԪվ
Ԫʾض߽ǰ۴ŵģֻɫҰֽͬĲϣһպۡ
Ԫﲻɵ
ﲻɺҩ䣬嵹޴󰭣ֻҪͿɡֻǡĿģҡͷѾˡ
ǸܾȴΨβĲ
Ԫˣ˵ͷȥץҩɣΣڱСķϣҲȱ
ﲻȻȥ
İӹԪ£Դϵ˵ܹӣ֪ŵģ˵ʵûϵľٶҲ˵ǲɵ
ϵ˫Ŀɱأ·ڳ˯
ԪԹԼ˵ţҲ踣ͬ˵ЩʲôѡǶ֪㡣
һֱŵģëһ
ԪƵֻ¶ڱ֣ק´ֲ
Ԫƿߣȥ̨һïܵĲֲ֪ϣӭŹ⣬źƻƵС
ǲǾãģЩǰµӣתͷ͸һɶĻϲȥ׼ױĶϱˣ
ĵؿˡ
ǲǸ˵㲻ˣ˵ǴԵ޷֣ףոУȢޣҫ棬ӣ
ǣô˵ģһ죬˱ӣ
ԭԳģֻûôˮ˿ͣðǣ£ǿûٵȥ
ڻͬ˵Щʲô˵ҪŲ㻹˵ЩôҪһŹ𣿡þȫȥ˴
ԪţˣǲǶԲסһƬ⡣
ʶҪԪǾ仰ĬĬһס㣬⻰ʲô˼
ԪЦЦĿƾ;ΪҪЮǰִҪ޸㣬Ψµµһ㲻ԸһԸӸȥ
ţģǵģľģΪ顭
ţʹӴЬҲ˲ôˣվҪȥ
ܹӡĲҪȥͼ֧ûԸ̱˵ϡ
ȥʲôԪһ䡣
ȥֹҪҾⱲӲƾ٣;ҲΪңһӡ
ֹΣԪΪֹȥͻֻߣ㻹ٹĸǰʹǰŮ޸㣿ǣһ׵Ůӣ۳ʲôԭ򣬶ᱻָָ㣬ʱټһƾֻϼ£ĶݷӴµµһֻΪ±⣬ܸ𣿡
ԪĻһѰѵӣ׼ĵϡ
ֻû˵꣺鸮ȻǺףҲѱеڶŻٵЩҲǸټӵܡο˶٣Ѿ˾ˣʮ·ݣҪСүˣ¾㱸㣬ʲôûˡ
ĽֻԪһ䣺ʱȥھҪʵ
Ĵֻĵһ£ͬʱһζ
ܹӣ
ԪǸѾ߾һŷ۵һ̲Ѫһڻ䣬ֲ̧£ͼֱ϶ʱһʺӡǡԭԼ˿Ѫ
Ѫķͷ
վһ࣬ٴλܹӣβ˵ֻ˵ϣΪǱŵˡ
û¡ľ֣һ֧Ҫվû¡ٴظš
ԪţĻתӣɲҰף۾ȴԪһԲȴ˸
Ԫ΢΢ۣͨˣ
ֱӣͨˣлԪС֮ûᣬĳض౨
ͨͺáԪվú壬괺ǣϣܹܸСǾͲһ˼ˡ
ЦЦδ˵ֻٴΰ˰ݡ
ķĻǰСķݣԪС㣬Ǹ˻ҪôصСˣԽݳʱù˵ģСҲ˾
Ԫͷһʱա˶٣ƲǽǵǿúģߵҪѰҲõȰˡ
ľѴǳæԪȥ
С㣬ȥ·ϣ̲ס˵ʵܹӶԱСһˣΪ˱СҪԾҲѵõˡԪ˲ٻӣȻҲΪˡ
Ԫȴҡͷ飬ѣضҲģûҪԥһǲʲôţһԥȻҲϵ
ľǵûôࡣ
վǷŲģȻҲҽпšԪ𳵴һǣַ֪Ϊڹøǰ˰Ǽ£Žа㳹׷¾͸õĨˡ
ôľϰգǸ˸ж𣿡
ԪƳһۣжԼжˣ¡
ľǲȴˣεЦ˵ףǳһа
ǵҲ˵ԪһֳԴӻأ˭֪ᷢʲôǿѡˡ
ǣĳʵСΪλҪűСЩأ
ԪЦˣ
С㻹кüûʰءľ챧Թ
Ԫ̾˿˵㲻ܳԿˣøҲԲ޸һģĵĽעߵһϲϡ֮԰ΪҡôֵܽãΨͬ˵£Ҿ͵õΡ
˵ţ۾̾ˣ׶ҵĽð


38 
ת¾͹, ³ǹѡĺӣԽλСҪѡ㣬ϲȻġ
ٽǰһ, ·Լ˵, ˢˢԪ, , Ҳ鸮ˡڽ, Ϊ˱, Ѿٳˡ
˵ѡĹأӸѡ˶һٸһţרְ̫࿴һ飬ʲô̫ߵġ̫ġֵ̫ġ̫ݵ, ȸ̭ˣǴظȥЩ, ʳǳʲôûüһ, ͱͻԭˡԪӢ·ۼƵģɫҽš
ʣ, Ҳųһ, ̫ʲôأЦò㳤Σ˵Σ·̬, һ㲻˳ǵ, ҲҪͻԭ
Щ˹أùĹùЩʣ˹йأԼĪһ£ԪӢò׼, ̽ȥԪ
ԪͷԪӢżһº󣬱ǻ̫󡢻Ϻͻʺѹˣһ飬ȥڱʻʲôʹʲôʹЩɣָ׹ݡЩûѡϵģǲܹˣڹŮ١Ů
ΪʲôѽֻƲЩʶͳʵȴҶЦԴȥҡ
Ԫ»Ц⻹ʲô˵Ů١ŮֻҪܱͣųž۵ģǼˣҲǲѰŮһ㣬ҪȢӹųأӣ˵˴λءοֻҪں󹬣бʵۿϵĻᣬһ֦ͷҲǶ˵롣
ԪӢЦҲ֦ͷɣ
Ԫ»ȥš֦ͷء
룡ԪӢŤһšûأ˴˵û£ȴһ浾ŵԪظ¡
ѽû°ɣԪӢʵ
Ԫ˱ײĸ첲ǿʹҡҡͷ
Լľٶ˲ɵˣԪӢԪ»ס֣˻ȥƬϳš
ǣҲҪ˿ȥ𣿡Ԫ¶ʵ㲻ᱻ˴𣿡
ɵӣǲѡϵŮĻͱͽ˹ʵ˻̫ǰˣѽֻɻ̫ϼ䣬˵ϻˡԪ»Ц
Ԫ¶Ҳ˵㲻ýסһˣ
ȻԪӢҧһϣ˹ƤֵЩŮͽѧˣﻹõȵڣ
˵ЦţԪҲգֻЦԼ˹ϡ
һʱ꣬ĵˮëźǾ֣ͼɫһƣȴǺѹˡ
Ҫ´ˡҡӣ૵
仰˵ûã˼ζ꣬СѾͷǾȥʰɹŵԺĻݣûأ껩ؾˡ
ҪһˡԪ»Ҳҡӣٴվˣ˵
һһˡŴ꾰ЦֻعͷԪò׻˾ǣҲ֪ܲһ;£÷ѩ
ԪЦ˵øƵġ
Ҳȥ⣬ưõĴأɵˮ
еİɡ˵
û⻰Ψа˵νץץ֡
⣬Ҳνġ
˶ԪԪνڶҪҲûж̸ͣȥ
껹£ԡԪɢŰɵͷνڴǰһδ塣
СѾ汨̫̫ˡ
Ҫӭȥͼ׷Ѿˡ


׷˳ǰڰ֣ʾǻ¡
ôû˯׷Ҳ£ЦЦǡ
˯ˡԪ
׷˵˵ͷҾǡ
˵ĹĴˣ˳ȥ
սɺ𣿡׷˿ǣʵ
ԪνһЦµǲµģеšԪЦһμʥϺ̫ﻹеСȸԾġ
Ҳǡν񸽺͵ͷ
׷˲ɵЦ뵱̫̫ڹżȻ˵ʥϣҲǺýء
˵һ٣ֿԪ̫ɲǵһμˡ
֪ԪЦ˵ˣСʱﱧҽ￴Ҳȥݼ̫һ̫˻ء¶ظ¾ûв֪ġ
νЦ֪̫ټ㣬ϲϵóǵǸСӤ
ϳԪЦǵ־ͳɡ
ҲǡνҲһѣЦš
˴֣׷ҲЦ
νһ󣬲׷ǻлҪͬԪ˵ȥսҪͷ˵Ҫߡ
׷ȴס㲻رܿЩ֪˵ҲǺ¡
νŲһ٣ԪҲͷҲͲһ˻ȥ
׷ڣ̧ԼŮ˶ҪԸ𣿡
ҲԸ⡣ԪûаԥشúǸɴ࣬ɴൽν̲סתͷ
䲻Ը⣬Ҳ֪ΪԽĴС㣬ⱲΣôһ⡣ԣģҲԹġֱԼĸ׵۾ƽ˵
׷ЦЦ˵úӡ
ν֣һסԪġ
ԪתͷЦЦ
֪֮ǺӶ顣
Ȼ׷˵仰ȴǽԪһ
ɫЩң׷Ц𼱣ҲҪ˵㣬ֻÿġ
ҿǹġԪսνҲƵģ֡
˴ѡ㣬Ƕģйùڹʥϲֶһ˳Ц
پǴͻӻĻ׹ҲûңǾŻӾ£ʮһ¡֪ҲǻӻʺĸұϾҲԽĵŮϲᱻָļү
ڹŮ٣͵ٷųǸпܡط
׷žЦˣ㵹ǿǵȫ
Ԫһͨ˵Ͼǵĸ׵棬ʱҲǾЩ˼ģ˵ÿɶԣ
׷˵ͷòࡣ
Ԫŷ̹׵Եͬ˵Ҫҵûаѻ˵Ů٣絽ʱҲ˹ֶ֪֪׵ģ㣬һͷ룬ͷû̹ãҲδǼ¡οо˾˾ĸڣҲʵ⣬ţûбõˡ
˵̾Ϣһ࣬һȴ󡣡
⻰˵˶ݣν΢΢⣺ҲŮپͺá
Ԫս֣΢Ц
׷̾˿ˮֻԪ˵Щ֤ǶǺӡ
׷̧ۣ˵ǺܺãǣҲ룬һأ


39 
һҹ, ͣ
Ԫν񴩴ȥݱϷˡ׷˵ȳ˵Ŀ, ǰʳǵ
Ϊ, νЩɫ
𣿡Ԫʡ
νҡҡͷ, ˵Ļ
ԪĬ
׷ʣһأһĽ, Ҫô죿
ԪҲĬκ, ˵Ǿͼ֮, ֮
е㺦ˣνЦȴЦúܲÿҪ˹ô죿ʥҪǲϲ, ָô죿˵ǳ˲¹ͷĵطҪ, , ץסԪ֣, , һ᲻
Ϲ˵Ԫ࣬οֶûһƲأЩеû, ԼԼ, §§νļ磬˵
νǽ֣˵, 㶼Ҫ뿪Ұ
Ԫ§ᶨģһһֱڵġ
ʳǵϣͣǰ˵ģǲѡŹŮԪһƣʮˡȺ֮У۵ĻĪŹС㣬ޱ
ޱҲƼˣֻ˵ͷǴк
Ⱥڴ˵λ֣㻨󣬱ʮλŮѡڵع㹬ȥ
ع㹬ƫ֮ڣѵȺʮˣµŮӽȫվ
ԪţЩ¾ڹһ¹ѵŮˡЩŮߣƽŮӣֻɫУطѡ
Ԫǽ˵λŮڴ˵Ⱥ򣬴ʥ̫١ųȥˡ
ݵԪνޱһʶЩڹһµŮǣ죬˿̼ЩŹŮۣм˵ûǡ
ЩŹŮǣǳǣԪνֲ죬ֻޱΪף˵Ц
һվԭصԪν񣬺Ȼע⵽ǻҪ¶ģһ˴һŮӡ
ŮĸüĿ䣬ͬĴŮܽ
ΣҪǸǼѡĹˣµһ־Ҫȥɡ
ɲǡ˼ҳߣֱӾ̫࿴ţȲá
㣬ʲô˵ϸþϵء
꣬˵ˣˡ
Ů絶ɨݣĿ֮˸˵
Ԫڶ̲סͬν޵Ǻ
ν첲⵷˵ʾ졣
һʱ䣬СŮǽ裬Ҳ֪⣬蹬ŮǶŮӸǰʱһյ״ɲ˳ƾ׹ȥ
Ҳһ˲䣬ŮֱһһٿʱյѾѾȱŮ
ÿεĹ򣡡Ԫ̲סڿ
Ů˵Ʈ΢΢˵ͷ
СŮŷӦŵûֱ£һ򣬾Ϳͷū澲ǹġ
ŮֻСŮһۣû¶ȥɡ
СỤ̊սս˳ȥ
˼һĻҪյһСš
νҲԪ˵ţ˵ŮǸʲôͷϾȻǰõĹ򡣡
ԪǱԺȲŮӣ˵˵ǣ²ǸҴɩһʿɡ
ݣνüǿǱˡ
ǰԪЦԽϣÿԶˡһңҲԵˡ
νͷһƣȴŮӵߣ˪ŵϽջߡ
Եе˰Ԫ˵
˵ŻйˣŹѰ֮ŮޱԽݶԪ֮ŮԪݶ֮Ů㣬ʥ
˾Ͷ֪ѡҪͷˡ
ⱻ㵽ͷˣĿĴڡԪµòǶŮӹʿݶ֮Ů㡣
λС㣬ɡλ뵽
Ԫν֣ȥ
ڹȴһ졣ٱ֣˽ȥʼԴʹǰӯӯ°ݣںݼ£̫ʺ
Զ˶٣ǰͳһƽ
ԪȴЩпʥϵΪƣȻǹ·æͰɡ
̧ͷ˵
Ԫ̧ЩͷȴǲϷŵϣʹĽ̤ϡǺľɣ롣
ĸ󡣡̫˵
̫£ʵмվŵģԽĴС˰ɣ
̫ʻԪʱ̫Ļǡ
̫˵ͷЦԪҽ̳ˡ
̫ĿޣԪһϲ̫ϲҪȥźôһоõȥˡ
˻㼸䣬ޱʶģһδʣ˳ȥ
ʥŮǣ򱻴ȥһƫƬ̣ޱȿˣԪС㣬ûΣ
Ԫشƽȣʥ˼ҲҴȡ
ޱЦ֪һģȤˡ
ԪΪ⣬ֻȤɱҲ㹻
ޱһʱסӲһԵĻƳһۣδ
ͷƵߣʮ˵Ůһһ࿴ԪѶüꤣûĵĻһͱ
ǰǽȥĹˣŮһͬҾͶˣѾˡ
ѹѹһӵˣѾˬ˵죬ɻ˽ŵֽðԪͿվһӶʪˡ
ߵĴ̫һѼϸɤΪԵøˣּ⣬ݶ֮ŮΪ楣Խ̫֮ŮνΪˡ
ЩʲôԪûȥֻԼһ䣬֮һƬհס
ʶ˽ʮһ̿ʼˡ
ƺңԶȴƫƫߡ
ν͹ȴȥʱν顣
ԽݶԪ֮ŮԪΪŹѰ֮ŮޱΪճɻ顣
̶̵ĹﱻʲôоأԪãû˱˽ˡ
һ˿ǿûȥһŵޱȻץޱļ򣬺ݺҡôһ£㲻ǸľŸ÷С޲ôȥ
˵һ죬žŮӾһԪجج˹ȥȴиŮ赹ȥˡֽĹŮ赹Ů˳ȥ
Ҽ䣬ԪС˵²ΪûѡϣȴֲֻŮ١ŮżĵµġֻЦ컯Ū˰ѡϵѡϣģȴƫƫץ˽
Ҫ˿ͷԸǸεŮλðɡĬĬԸ


40 
ֱϹҵ, νǣԪ֣ʶӽ, һжͬˡ
ν, ̲סһᡣ
νȴûƵ, һʱĽģ, ЦŰοԪûµ, , ûµġ
ԪԼܣŸҪο
ԽȥλС㣬һΪһΪ˿ûбԪҸ˵˼, ŵֿڣǾǰı
ǱӸ˻ҪءԪѻָ˳̬, Ц
νҲЦŲ, 㣬Ů˾һշɻڴ, úʮ, ָжء
šԪЦ˵ӴʲôУָ¾ͳء
˵ĳҲ͵ΪֹˣԽԽ, ҪԼˡ
ԽŴ, ֻνʯʨӲϣʺĳ񻨡ͨͨĵ̺ſһֱ裬Щǰֵ, ֻӵ͵ʻȥʶȴϵóǿɲѰ˼õľϡ
Ԫļ׼ãλ˵ˣ͵ȼߵıڡ˱ͭǮǰΧ۵İǡ
ȱȼԪν߽ڣͭǮص졣ǺʱĵĽޱ˽
Ԫֻ֣ν˶ϲйأڿ޹ء
ν֪ˣĬĬ̾Ϣһקק֣˵ˣ߰ɡ
ֻǳһ⣬ٻʱһжѲͬǰ
ν뻹Խ⼸գɺԪסһԪϷΪ׵ԪˣȫϹϾӡС㡱ĳƺΪˡƾɸǹĹؼʡʱдһԺ䣬Ѱסõģλסˣá
νʮֵزᣬݰԸҲòЩأʵʵ˹ȥͷԪϷˣΡΡҪ¸Լ
ⶼʲôﰵԳ
һո̵Ĳֹһˣʥϴͻ˵ԪҲܵȫǹ°¡شĸ˿ȻǲùģȴҲ֣ӯ֪ģ»ΪԪǵʲô֢֮Ҫݺȥء
˶ܸˣԪԼҲɨǵˣҲֵúܸˣ΢ЦŽÿһ˻ģ⣬Ľ򼵶ʣֲӵ΢Цԡ
ȵҹϢʱһҪЦˡ
С㡣ڲжĵȵëΪ
С㣬̫̫ˡľ
ԪȡëͿĸ˽篣һֻʳзȥ˵еϣЦ֪СնûԺã̫̫гﰾСϲԵĺ춹¶ãС㳢
һԪҲöҲ޷ȥߡ
׷Ҳź춹ԼһԺȲ衣
Ԫһ춹Ƭ̺ȥױ̨ǰȡһֻĽг߻ߣֻнĸס
ǵ֮͸ҵģƽ·˵һԼ޸ϵ飬Ѿӵˡ̧ĸףԻҪĸףҽ֮硣
׷˽ӹֻУȴûд򿪣֣طźã˵İɣһСĴȥġ
׷˴˷ԭкܶ໰Ҫͬڿٶ˵
ܿÿܺá˵
Ԫĸ뿪ʱӰ涣ʣǲ֪ˣ
׷˽Ųһ٣תͷһۣǰȥ˵֪֪ʲôأ
ȴʧ󷽵ĵԶȥԪ̧ͷֻ췱ǣɵЦǰ֪֪֪֪ʲôأһжѾעˡ
Ψһ֪ȴƫƫ֪Ǹˣֻ
ǸɵϰЦԼ
ڶ峿ȥνɸͷվ˺һصĽͷȽȥͨ޹ùã޹ùٸ֪νߵĴѾ߱ɱˡ
ǵģӹûãлʳǽ͹Ů˳ȥΪΪɵĹ˼ӱΪ˵һ̿ʼǵĵλעѲͬˡ
д޹ùڳԪؾ¹밲νҪȴ޹ùʾ⣬ԭء
λ޹ùǹˣԼĪʮꡣĹ棬Ůʮ壬ɳҲ޹ùˣˣҲ֪δȥɴڹм̣Ҳ
⻰Ǵ޹ù׿ͬ˵ġǷּ̫ܲλ½˽ĹأȻҪΡ
ū֪󹬵Ĺأ֪޹ù˵ţԪһۣԽʲôĴڣ˹̵
Խū澾˵һ˵Ρ޹ùɤӣ˶£оͷˡ
һ֮Ϊ֮ȻǻʺĪԪС㶼֪λʺǳŹңңǵλʺȻҲ֪ġʺλӣֱ£ʮһ¡
˵µҲȢŹС㣿ν˵
޹ùЦŵͷ˵òȷҲǳŹ´ͻλŹС㣬һĸͬá
üֵܣ̸ˡνǣЦָԪ˸ɫ
޹ùֻЦ˭˵أ¶˵ء
̸Ǽٳޣѹû⡣޹ùҲƵóɴͼ½ˡ
˻ʺپ֮׵Ĺˡ˵ЦԪڴСǰ˵ū⻹ͷһء
ԪׯЦ˵ǹֶҲûʲôü޹ù˵һ˵ɡ
޹ùñǼ׺ˣū̫ģ⼸ʮ۷꣬ﶼҪȥ̫밲̫һիˣֹˮ˹Ҫ̾һ䲻ס
Ҳһλеϧû¾ȥˡʥϥ±ûλȥĵúܣ˰ƽ˴µסӼεʮյľɼˡ
Ԫδλ㣬ֻĸżȻ˵ǸװֵСֻЦϧоȥˡ
ʺҲްˡŶȻʺ󣬡޹ùý͵λʺ֮ǰǺ֮ʥϵȻʺͬҲǳŹڵĻʺҲá
ȻʺʥϻǱۡʱҲȻ顣ֻȻʺɻ꣬ȴʼϥӣŹλʺʱͷɵǣȻʺȺϲѶʮ¹䣬Ļӳ£¡
Դӵ˳ºȻʺӾͲЩ¾ŻӾº󣬸һղһաһ࣬վȥˡʱŻӻСʥףּ֮Ψã㽫Żӽ︧
˵Ҳɲǣ˭뵽ֶŮͱָľŻأ޹ùԪЦ


41 
ԪҲЦǰ, ˭õأ
˵⻰ʱһׯִ棬·벻
޹ùϸƬ, ЦЦ, ˵پ˴, ҲǱۡʱźŵ, ԣ¡
Ȼǳ, ʥϵǻһѡʱ, ԭĲˣ߻Ӷº󣬽楣˺һһ֮꣬һ
֣ԭǹŮ, ǱۡʱʱүʥУûþͱ, ˴ӹ¡ĸƾӹ, ֺãҲͰλ
֮, Ǿɡ楡ˡˡ֡ŮŮ, Ʒƽ޶ƩˣǾˣҲһԱˡ
Ÿȫôνʵ
޹ùЦǵû, ˻ʺ, ƷûҲƼˣ˷ѡ㣬ʥֻ˼ź, ִͻүǣ߽Ҫȥֵġ
ν˵ͷԪ
޹ù֪ǻлҪ˵ֻǵ׻ңÿڣЦ˺ʹСǻʲôҪʵģɾܿڣū澱ض֪޲ԡ
Ԫ˼Ƭ̣ʵ£Ǹʲôˣ
޹ùҲϵᱻЦСڹ﹬̫ʰТ˳ȻġߣλУ⣬µãʥԽ̳ġǡδ˵ڣԼЦ
νҲЦʲôùЦʲô
޹ùֹЦ˵²󰮶飬ÿÿҪ̫ʦˤ鱾Ȥǣ䲻ȴǽΪСʱûٱʥϷˣˣͲôˡ
ôǣԪνһۣǴӱ˴˵۾ﶼ˶Էɻ󣬴Խһֱ·ϣǿûټRǰǵĹ¼ʼɣԼǸRʹ޹ùľ£ǲͬһˡ
޹ùüɫȣ֪⾸Ԫһ·ؾģҲµ˼֣˵λλǰЩʲôɣ
ֹЩʲôԪ룬֮ûٽӡ
ôģһתͷͷνͬ飺ǲԩҲͷҡͷ̾
⻰ڹɵҲóǿֻ˼
˵ʲôԪûлֱ˵
νϽ˰֣ûʲôûʲôЦҾǾðɣԵעġ
޹ù˼Ҳ˵СģǾŵƷԻǺõģǱ︧ģʱضǺõģҾͷſİɡ
ĲҲ˵Ԫ׳ǵºŹС㣬ǿɶڴɲŮò֮ϵһԶԽݳǶ˵ˡν˵νҲϵֱͷ
޹ùԴףЦǾŵºŹСǱףѰҪ׺ЩҲеġ˵ʲô֮ϣʥϴͻʥּ£Щ˵ˡ
⻰ϸϸƷеζԪνҲǱģ˵ҲͲٶˡ
ɸŵĺľľ̲סʵС㣬㵱Ҫ޸ǸǰŹλС´÷׷ģ񡭡
Ļδ˵꣬ľסˣ˵ˣⲻǸС𣿡
ǵҲڡԪԼЦˣϸϸȥҲʲôʮֲõ飬޹ùò˵ģЩᣬƷԲͷˣޣྴֻҪȫ˻ʼԽ棬Ҳ͹ˡ
ⲻίСľֹš
Ԫֵ˵ĶͷֻҪ㻹ǵõԽǵӣѾõˡȫ˸Ҳͱ̫̰ȥʲôһ˰ɡ
С㡭¾ģҲЩˡ
ˣ߰ɡЦӯӯ
νǰһһʹԼĹȨ˽ԪԪӢŻ̫õɫԺһϯ档
ԭΪܸǹڣν˾ƱľϣЦЦϧ첻ԸҪȥһȺǹˡ
ԪӢ棺Ҳǡ
νһ֣㲻㡣
ԪӢӾҪָȥ
νʾˣҴң㶯һ£ɾҪźˡŻ
ԪӢȴǺٻһףÿӵûһԥžͳȥ
ʲôأֻνҪ磬ԽĴ˵ɡԪӢм
ν˴ô˵ָָ߶˾䣺ֻν񰡡
ԪƣЦû㻹ν񡣡
ν˱ӣָȵģ˴ЩľƱЦǣڻҡ
˵ž˱ӣ˵Һܿģҹҡ˵һͷȹ˱ľƣָչʾ˿տյıס
ǵ׺˶پƣǼǲ塣ԪƷãˣҲܶ˶вˣ˿ˡ
ȴǴ˻ϻӣӵһ ԪӢúҸνҳԪһʱʧһŵЩ¾ɵ£һһ˳˵Ц˻Ҫһ·ʲô˲һ㡣
Ԫһ㡣
³νӡ񳵻ʻԴԪվеȺϿϲ
ȥ·ϣѾ͸ǣвϲõصġͳRĻڶ£ҵĹأδɻ֮ǰѷҲɾסУ֮󣬷ɽá
˵ѡַǼҲԶĽϣʱҲ㡣ԴԪӢ˸Ƿ˵
ɲǣҲλģѡǴġԪ»Ҳ˵
ģԪϻ½Ǯ꣬ҲRġ
С㣬Ѿˡĺľ
ԪӢ룬¶ã㹾๾һꡣ
治ôȾˡ룬Դ˵
ԪѾ̬ҪŶˣҲ֪ôˡ
˯ǰǵöȽѾν˯ٰһѣҲ֪᲻Щ
ͱˣԪӢ˻ֲ֣ǸɵģԻӦ㣬չȥԪúúˣȻ˾ݿɾڵġ
־;ˣԪü
ԪӢüʲô淴Ӧص𣿡
Ԫ룺ѵ𣿡
ȻˣԪӢӣôûһǿ壬ιܺǸ˵ȣЩɶǴӹ˾ǿ
ԪͷҾ˵úܶԣһ̹ԪӢЦޱƣҼ˰ɡǿܹܺЩˡ
ٿЦԪӢƿҿɲ뱻ͷ
˵ЦţֽС㣬Źܼˡ
Ԫ»һЦˣǸѾˡ
ǰʱԪԺ˾Ͳȫʱסνִ˼μҵѾҲҪˡνѽֱָ˾£ΣԺ˶ˡ
ԪһͷкྐྵӺȲĽǣߣȥȥ


42 
ԪԽסˡݡҶ, ǶʮѡѾǣһݣֻӰɭɭ, Ժڻľï, , СסԺ, ǴС԰ˡ
ѾǾԺվ, Ԫ, ŹܼӽǸһЦλС㶼ﰡ
ԪӢ§Ԫĸ첲Цţǣɲմմδĸ
ٻ˵㡣Ԫ, ԼŹܼӣЦ, Ž˵
, СҲǺ˵ŹܼЦСɲδľĸ, ˭Ľ
Ԫ΢΢Ц, ûӻ
ŹܼӼ״ٶ˵ϻֱ⣺СԺԭͲ⼸յ, ЩѾǹ, Сƣп۵ģź, ҲǵĸˡŹܼЦ
Ԫ̧ͷִɨȥֻԺվŵŮǣʮģҲģЦôˣ
ŹܼЦЩǾѡģСͬգ뾸Ȼõ˰ţԸ˳
ԭ˲ǹܼѡģСͷĿŵ˽ͲһҪ
ԪţֻŹܼӵ˵ͷˣͽǽ
Źܼӵ˿϶ϽΪ׵Ƚ
ĸŮµģװҲͬС죬ֻߵ裬һ˫Բģ˾Ц
ŹܼӱܵѾͷдʣԭ̫̫źġ
ʱ㸣˸ū澼λС㡣
ԪûʣֻʾŹܼӼ
ŹָܼмǸ΢нŮӣ˵С㣬Ǵ̫̫Ǳߵġ
˵ˣԪδ࿴ֻۣǹʼյʹԴ밲㶼ˣŹܼˣżææ˸
ԪԪӢǱϾĸˡ
ԪӢȴνֻ㿴ŰС
ŮӶԽļӣûʺСãһʵʵµġ
ôһӵĹԪͽʮ˶࿴һءŹܼڴؿʵСɻ⣿
ԪЦŽȱ𼱡˵ֶһŵľӸŽˣһûС
ľЦţϽ˸Բʹ
ŹܼԭƴǣܲסԪһζȰСҲǻƴǲҲˡ
ԪֽĹʵԺȱЩˣ
˵תŹܼЦŽЦźŵ˶ǴԽݴģ⸮ʲôأǲģֻˣûͷ˾أǿɾͲˡ
Źܼæô᣿С⸮ĹˣҲƲءοʱҪȥʱЩպҲõ˳֡
ԪֻЦЦġ
Ļ⣬˵СĻŸĹأСźһѾѾĸپɨϵѾϱӣЩҿԺҪ
Ԫϸϸһ㣬ŹܼЦ˿ԺһѾѾȫˣǴС͸ҵģǼӣﶼھǵԽ꣬ǲ˵ˡ
ŹܼӳģҲһЦŵͷ
پľԪ̧̧°ͣѾͷǸģԭǰ׼ҵˣĸֻ˵ͰңҲߵˡ
ǣǡŹܼţԼ
ѾߡԪЦſġ
ĵֻȱһǰޥԽݣﶼ￴С԰ҲͣСˡ
ȷԪ˵ͷŹܼЦŽƣźüأѾ߾ֻȱһˡ
⡭Źܼһʱ˶ĹܼӣһתͼЦŲ˵𣿴СʱͬգǶһȶȵģʲôϵҲ˵ʲôģϾϾˡ
⻰ԪƳԼֻЦ
ŹܼӱЦŪֱëС㣿
Ԫۣ˹˵Ž⻰˵ÿɾͲˡҲ˵δޣ⸮ˣҪ⸮Ĺأ̫̫߶û˵㵹ҪȺˣ
˵Ц֪أ˵ŽңҪǲ֪ģûô贫˵ԽĴСνݣδɻ飬ڸڳļˡ˵ҪǴĻָȥ粵Źܼʵ
Źܼ㶣ϵʱ糺һƬæӵվ˵С㣬ңԭ˼ġ
Ԫ΢΢ЦʾȰģȻ֪Ž㲻˼
˵ɨһȦĽǣԪ»Ԫأ϶Σ˭λŽ㣬ǵĸĸ˶ء
Źܼӵһʱףһʱ죬ӸƤϣһ仰˵ˡ
ԪҲԸѿ򹷻ҪأЦŽլԺǲ֪λǳнڼƼɣЩҲеģԼ㵽ʱЩҲ޿ɺǡҲŽΪѣҾͰǸĹأѾͷԺٵĶȣٵģĺľȥ࿴ɡ
Źܼ˵ûвͬģͷǣǣͰС˵İ졣
ԪЦֻС͹λ㣬رһȵĴѾˣǲ˶ȵȱίǡ
ŹܼҪʺС㣬ַѣǣС˼ǡ
ԪҲ˵ĻᣬһɨȺŮǣָһѵģҿͦãװ׾ü۴Цģžϲ졣Ҽǵã˶٣ǽţ
ŹܼӴ𻰣ѵСŮʮֻ飬ʱԼصСãū澾ǽ
࣬Ҳɴ࣬Ԫͷǰʵʮꣿ֮ǰ԰ϻľģ
һЦ۾г˷죺ǡ
ɻʲôˣԪʡ
ū澵ĵﶼͷׯ£»иܵܣһãиѣǴŷģ
Ԫ˵ʵ֡
ǵպһġЦҲɣū澳ʱҲѿ˼ɴ˸֡
ԪͷЦȷе˼ͦʫģѵﻹ¡
С佱ˡЦ
ǱˣԪ˿˵ﻹٸѾߣԸ⣬ԵԭȼϻľģﻨľҲ࣬ԸԸ⣿
͹ˣ˵ūԸźС㡣
Ԫֵ־Ѿܺˣٸģǽɡ
ǡЦӦС
Ž㣬ԪſŹܼӣҲɫѿֻ˵ѾˣɨϵСѾͷҪģͷŽĺľȥɡ
ŹܼǧԸλС㶼ѾˣҲͲòӣĺľһһҼţƴ˳ȥ


43 
ϴӷǰ, ͷһֱȺŵСǰȥߵ¡
˵ѡһ԰ӵѾͷ˶ȣϽӹСĲ, ʵ
Сͷ, ѾͷѻǴŷϵˡ
һ, ôһˡ
СˣϷ˲ѡ
Сͷˡ
û˵ʲô
С, ʵľʲô
СҲÿ, ֻԴС˵, ԼŰ졣
⵹Ů˵Ļ룬һǸ㽻ãԪ뾩ʱҲҪȥ, ȫȻĸ֪ˣ»ΪϵһŮء, ԼҲǲ䲻, ĻһûУĸŮ
˼, Ųѵ, ս
Źܼͬʶڣһһʮأݵ鶼˵һ顣
̫̫ϿԼ޼ͬˮһʮָ, Ҿ֪, ȥˣǲµġ
ǣ̫̫ĸȥʾ½ί, ˶˵ȵģһǾͳЦˣ
ίʲôŹܼ̲סѲȥǱѾߣ
ﲻҲǸѾߣš
ѽ㣬ӣŹִ̧ܼ˴ʵԴ
ҲЦΪǱǺõģҲ˵ʱǸεģǺõģʼҹأӣﰾܱȱ˼仰͸ȣǿɡ
ǴѾߣԼмɫ԰ȴţ˵ô䣬ɫͱˡ
ĵǸ廨ͷ˵˼ȥˣֻŹܼ˵
ūţǴСǸŹܼӻǰԪǼ飬ԳƼʶ㣬Ԫ棬ôһƣȻе㷸
ȴΪȻһδĹңʲôǶ˼羰ֽһأȻѰŮҪЩˣҲΪ档
̫̫ӡŹܼӷ޷޵ô˵أã̫̫ˣƲ˭أ
ϵҰﳤѾͷ࣬ӣҲûӣǻѾͷءҪ˵ض̵ġ
˵ԼһֱΪʵʵԽݣ˭ôͻˣŮٿǡ
ŹܼЦҲô˵ĺˣҿһ˵ˣ˶Ů󷿾͸˵ˣһһŮŮ׺ҲǺ޶޵Ҫˡ
Ц˼ޣ˭һĶֻڶϣŮյöʡˣҪԪѾͷȥָڲءãȥ˼ҡ
ŹܼڨڨЦţ˲׶׳Ĺࡣ
ϲͷذ֣Ҳ˵ˣԼҲòȥүǼӣһȢ޵ģ첻иҪˣǷˡûһģȴǵﻹҪġ
ⲻǵĸǼýĸףȢϱҲø費ǣŹܼЦ˵ˣһ죬ү¾˻أԺүү£ɲֵô
˭ϡЩֻһûã̫̫͸ýжĹܼˡ
⻰˵õǼпܣŹܼһʱ֪οڰοйϱ£ŵ˿գ
һҶŹ̧ܼͷ죬֪ʱ
Ҫ˰
һԽԲһˡûڳԪϷ˵˼ҾڿĻˣŮҲ絲ˣԵÿ
ˮƵϻԲϡӡƻۡ棬Ȼٲ±
ˬʱʱ޵Ĺ㣬ǺŹ𻨾ƣзżҳһ̣˶ǿĵġ
ãҾһҪڹˣһǱúˡ
ɨԪºģԪҲʹɱˡ
˵ȶˡԪºϽЦһִߴԪºȥ
ã˵ţԼȸˣ˿յľƱ׸ЦϢˣлҲ࿴࿴
˵ţƹҪҲԪһ
ԪƲλɩӣ˶ڣؼԲϲӣֳ죬ҿӵģΪеϧϧõһƫ˼ҡ
˵ǴС¶ˣҲͿˡƷЦ˸ͷ˵׶ҪЩ
ǰҲϵЦи˭۸˹ȥ
ԪϷ˲ͷ˵ЩԪȥЦҿź˼ƣǾ𣬵׺󾢴ˣӳԡ
Ԫ˹ȥڰӡ
֪Ϸ˻ƷҲͲ˵ˣֻԪ»ԪһۣǲЩҲû̫̫ǰüֻϲ
ǱԪӢϯԪᣬԪһֵͶ˭ˣԪӢָһأЦӺȻ䲻
ԪϷ˽סЦʰ׷˵ѾͷôЩ˻ôӡ
׷ҲЦɽ׸ıֻҪģҲûʲôõġ
ֻ̫ЩҡͷüǵǣӣԺ˵żң⸱ƢٲҪԿġ
׷֪λɩûԪӢֻЦЦû˵
ԪϷ˿ˣߵڣҵҪĸҽǼҵѾͷԿࡣ
֪˵˻Ҳ˵ֻЦЦǡ
ԪӣҲȥһԣǧϿͶ
һԪӢЦţͽһ֧ȥͷĹ
ǹȥͷֱֱ˹ȥ̲סһԪץסǧϣŹ飬һʹͽ֧˳ȥ
һ죬֧ͭ
ԪӢӮ
ףֵǲ֧ԼͶģ㣡
ȻԪӢˣ˵ģǣдʣҲȥսƷ˲Ťһš
ԪǧǴ֣ԼֻЦ
ʮɫãҪҪȥ£Ԫ屳߹Цʡ
Ǿǵ׷£ԪжţԼȴδμӹ
ʲôǾǣ㲻ҲģԪװ
ԪЦţȥĶǺ¥ɣ¥ɶеӰˡ
ôǺ¥أ
Ҷ֪ĺǳȥȾƵĵطҲдôԪһۡ
ԪǺЦţ߹ȥһûһµΪǧʵҪȥɽ
ǣԪŤͷȥ˭
Ԫָͷңҵĺǣⲻ˵ô
ңԪЦţڳһֻҪȥ
ԪȴʱͻȻǧŵϽץӣͬʱҲȥʹٸˣ


44 
֪Ҫȥɽҹ, Сү޲˷ܣ׷׳Ҫͬȥ
ǵڶհö, ɩ, , ķֵܽ, жɩ, ϵĵܵ, еѾСˣƺƵʮˣ˳, һɽȥ
·ٳˣȥɽµ˻, ĹС, ԪӢ̲סԪ˵ֲö˵Ǻ踣Ե, 㿴Щˡŵŵŵ, ˻ǣءСеشСš
Ԫؿ˵䡣
ԪӢҲûҪڣԻḽҡ
ν, Ԫһ, Ҳ֪ʱڹΣҹûңûǣ
Ҳûã͵ִɽˡ
ԪСӹǲ, ɽ˷˳ԭҲɽµĺ踣¹䡣ԪصؽҲкţˣѶµĿЪϢ
˵ɽȥ
ɽ䲻Ǻɽ˰ʱʮ˾Ѿ˺üΪ׵ģԪԪӢֵǣǶںͷչЪЪĽء
ǲԵ̫˵㣿ԪӢһɽʯϣһҡû죬ǲǣ̫Ůˣ
ԪúЦʲôʱʼעŮ˲Ůˣ˶٣ʵ˵ǲǿļҵĹˣ
ԪӢİ۷øΪ˷;˶һˡ
Ԫеͷʹȥ˵˵
ԪӢܣٺ٣Ǳ˵ˣ߳ŭ˰ɣ
Ԫ׷˺ͷбվס
ţǰһ
ԪӢһյĽǵ̫ܵˣ¸ˮ¹⣬Ҳܿɽ·
һͣڸԪסˡ
㻹
ſ˸ͷԪӢ˸ƣһקסŶ׵һ޴ɽʯͷ
ǰˡ˵
˲ǺԪ룬ɽ·϶µˡȻѾԶԶ˦
һˣƳĲмԪӢ
Ԫɽʯ̽ͷǰ治Զһ걻¹յʵ£˵Ӱϳ
Ԫ۾ܺãԪӢѣҲǱ˵ˣǡɻʶġ
δķʹ˵еľһ˵ʲôоԪӢƫƫĺĺ첲⵷Цʡ
Ԫ޲ʾԪӢԼ˶䣬ҪǶ˵Щʲô
ԪӢ״˵УԶ˵㣬߽Щ
ٽЩ͸ñˡԪRĹȷǣ΢ѧˣӣ
ԪӢȴţģңôܡѽߣͬʱһﱻ߸
Ԫ۳ǶݴԼ䣬ɵؽһִڽ˲ݴ
תͷȻδԪӢߣ
ԪӢٺЦţǸжʧˡ
ͬʱǰҲһɵԪС㣿
˵ĲǱˣŹС㣬ޱԪʱԹվĳRƽ·ͬһ
ԪӢɽʯ˳˻ѣַ̧˷ޱΣǰȥR¡תޱ˸С㡣
ԽȫRԽüͷ
һʱû˵㿴ңҵ
ԪӢεģɤӣǺЦϣɰ
ȻûޱԪ°΢̧˵ŲţҸŸ粢ûʲô˵顣Ǻǰ
ԪͷȻˣƼģֻ˵ȷûʲô˵顣˵ʲôġ
ֻǵͷǵȻɫޱȴȻôǲҰ
Ԫ룬ΪʲôҪأ
㡭ޱһʱסһ˵ʥϴͻ;Ÿ磬δľδķڸһŮ˵ѵûһ㲨𣿡
ޱȻǸ˼ˣԪ룬ԼηӦˡ
Уޱ˵Ҿǿǲ㡣ߴӳRԹ
¹⣬ޱɫѿ
Ԫη壬ӭޱҪһ˫۾Լ̹̹ҪԼ˵ģ˵ʵˡ٣ǧСȻź
ԪӢԹɫˣһޱͿҪпȻٴĻǧ꺮ҲֻܱϨ
ʮȻסޱĸ첲ЦС㣬˵ɽɫãȥưɡ˵ŲޱӦ߿ˡ
ޱԸ⣬ԪӢ̫Ǹˡ
һߣ˲ͰԪȥRֻͷȥ¡ã߸߹Զ˵κλÿλӦ
ߵˡ
㣿
˵
ˣĬĬط˸ۡתͷһЦеģֻ˵˵ûʲô⡣ֻڳʵˡ
Ҳó֮⡣R̽ͷȥǰˣ
ǣڴһ㡣
ԪȻ⣬գһ˫ˮĳ۾һʮ޹ԪӢڳкϰ顣
Rԭֱ۾Կһࡣ
ҲҲƿߣûʲôģС÷Ǳã׺Ȼġ
⻰˵ƽȴóRٴü
Ļʡ
Ԫ΢΢ЦôҪôʳRֻҪ⻰ǵģģˣ
ŶRҲЦˣô֪⻰ģ
Ԫ᣺ʼ棬ʥϼȴ˻飬Ҷ㡾ְأþ¾ٰüྴ˿Ц
RЦֻΪ˱ȫʼ棿
Ԫ룺ȻԽ档
RҪЦ˵ȴҧгݣãǻںǵˣ
ԪԾ˼֮ӣߵȨϵҫȻҲҪӦĴ֪ۡҲѵľѡʥּ£βԸҲýܡ
Ȼˣɵ˵һһְֻҪ²ĨԽ棬ԼǵŮӽҾԲǡ
RΣҡͷ˵һֱΪǸˣû룬ԭҲǸġ
Ԫģʮ꣬δִ͡Ϲϵһ˵ĵﲻ
ȻRû粵Ļᣬ̧Ⱦǰȥֻûվȴûͷֻͳ˵Ųţޱûʲô
ԪһųRԶԼƣޱûʲôʲôϵأʱ󽥽ˣ׷ȥʣֻա


45 
ӷɽ, Ԫ˯һֱϼ˰գŴ˯תѡ
ĽԷʱ, ͿǵλСӵ˴, ۴, ͷһط˿ëëһ˲ľ, Сеɵ, Īͦɰ
Ȼ⻰ɲ˵, ٽʮҲҡ
СЦǰɴŵϡ
Ԫ˿ûԼëëͷֻӣ˵̫ˡ
Ժ, һãûû, ζ͸Ժÿһ, ڸԡ
˼, ģϻյЩ, ô
һʰŷ䣬һɹˡ
Ԫһ֣ǽǾԣ
Խĺ԰Ϊλظʡף԰о¸ǲͬһ㡣ҹ, ƼҹɫҲ, Ԫ飬ԸǳԹƺ󣬾԰, һ;һ͵ʳˡ
Ҳûӣ¹⣬յᣬƻš
һʱ̨ŵһӺƮ
˲Ƭ̹ͷ޵õǺõģֻϧ˵򡣡
ԪЦǷ򣬵ɬȤζ⸮ûˣǴˡ
˵ţҲȥưɣ˵ܲϵóԵģȨҹˡ
鱾ǰ÷֮ˣвʣʱȻǰ
Ԫ̨ϣһ𻨾һͳ֦ʱ֦˵ǹｳģһͳҲûŹӣԪһҲԼյȫˡ
úˣءԪʰ׶ϣЦ
ԪͷҲǺ£Ҹ԰ء
ϽҾ
Ԫ黹֪Ǹӣͷǵɣ֪˹𣬹þˡ
Ԫһô˵أҪǹʲô
Ԫһۣ˵ɾʲôûˡ
ԪþգԾ
ӵıԪľԪϵĵӣʵ˭ģ
ľЦûʲô˽̣СʱûʲôģժƬҶӶܴϰ졣
Ԫܽûѧɲš
Ԫͷֲãһζ
ԪЦҰԪүĶء
Ԫб۵⻰˵ģô
Ԫ˸ۣٴ
ԪתһŵģЦѾͷСĹҲǳһ¡
Цү˵ЦˣҿÿСˡ
ԪҲ־˵ͳô㣬ԼûأͱѰˡԣǮٸ˸첲
ԪľʹȥǮǮǮǮ㣿
ԪȻţѸ֣ЦүƷȻǮҲͲ֪ⶫĺô˶٣˵ҪǼŮٿƤӣͲ˵Ļˡ
Ȼ˵ⷬȴǽԪ⡣ҪڣͼЦˣ͸ǳɣһٳԣɲûûеĻء
˵ıֻɾСʢ˹𣬾֦вкӰ
ʱ죬Ԫ³֦ˣп̤ӷ·Ŀת۾Ѿˡ˵ű˱첲紵ŻеˡȥԪѣ㿴㣬Ҳ˷硣
ԪЦΪ㣬լԺġ
ԪšüһֳϣŤͷԪʣǲˣô˵仰䶼ǹ
Ԫʳָҡҡǧ⣬Ҳ㡣
ŶԪ彫Žɡ
ֻ˵ֲ

ö˵õȤȴȥֻ˵ʱ磬ȥϰЩΣ͸ˡ
ŶˣԪҲվˣҲͲˡ
ظʱ
ôҶ͵͵Ц
ȴ̨ǰվתǱǸЦ⣺Ҫͷλָ·
ԪģƽҲô·ԪЦ㷿Ĺȥ£
Ԫ㳯ľʹ˸񣺡ӻȥɡ
ľյЦӣɡ
ͣ͡ȻҾ
ĿȥҲˣԪҲɣĴߣύЩѡ׽򶼲ʶȤȥˡ
ԪԴô˵أ
˵ʵԪûǺˣ㡣
ԪЦֵܵҲǸˣͷŪīģȻ˵һ˵ˣύЩѣֵҲԸȥʶġ
Ԫбۿ㻹ء
ˣȡЦˣⲻҲǿڴҶͬһ쿼ķôԪԼְ˸֦˵˵УǿɾͶˡ
ҿɾҪһˣУɾǼôĵһ߿ƾ˵ˡԪ룬Ц
㼪ԡԪҲ롣
ʱҹԪԤ׵ͻȻ仰ȻԼЦ磬ŸȢϱˡ
Ԫ嵱Ȼף˵ġǡ˭
˵ѧǰӣҲб۾˵ҶŻȥˣУȢޣʲô˵װ
ԪЦҪһӶûУһӶװҪĻ˵̫̫ˣ͸ȴˡ
ô˵ô˵أԪ岻ôͿأѻ죡
ԪȴЦúܿģ̽ϰ磬ʵ˵ûһǵŮӣ
ۣԪһ¡
ٺ˵˵ˡԪĸ첲ĴȥҸ˵ء
ģûСԪɰһ飬ȴʮֵſεӣǽְֺޡ
ҾͲˣԪ˻ȥһֳԴټľǣŮûһ۵ģ
ԪԲССЦʵͬ˵ɣҪףǱضǸԼϲŮӣʲôġ
ޡԪ˸ۣϲʲôŮأʡ
֪ǻشʵˡ
Ԫٶɱһ۵ЦŲ䣺ȼˣͻ֪ɡ
ʲôʲôԪоԼ˸ûһ
ԪЦ˸֮ܶҪäƼޣǾԲܵġ
Ԫдϵı鲻ܹˡ
㣬˹֪ΪΣ룬˻ȥˣˡ
Ԫγ֪ʵʲôҲҺûʳڣͲǴ˿ֻ֦ôˡ
Զ²ס죡


46 
ľס, ƸǡöҲڣò, Ҫȥȱ衣ľٰ, ׻ˡ
, ʶ̧ٵС, 浱ԼǿôءѾ߶
ȴ⻰, еŭ⻰˵, ˼ҹĺһôأ
֪ܵܵĹŹƢ²ˣǸϽο˵ûе¶ֻЩ, ˼һȥ˶˵, ûûε, Թӡ
ЦǣСѵ, ҵȷǸ˼, үǧȥˣǺС㡱
鱾ͲԸǶ໰ȻȥˡתͻԼӣĸǱ߶ûȥһۡ
Ҳ֪ľѾͷʹʲôԻҩ, Ǵ, ɴûڡȴ屧Թ
ͣɲǣǴСˣҪ, ͬǶ˵һ仰˹ˣǼүҲ֪ʲôġ
˵żȻײ˭֪ǲǹġͶһֹţһڵݡ
˵ʲôأͬһ˿ߣŮ̧ͷʵ
㽫Ƿſݵܻܵͬǰ̨飬һ˵ĸ
Ǻۡ˵ķӦͬ壬ȴϲЦտ
ʲô£岻Ϊ⣬ǾҲǲɡ
Ůߵһʵá
ɵӣ㶮ʲô˽˿ȫƣԼ˲ѣ˵ϻ׹УôأܵǸˣպڳٲҪģҪܻ磬Ͼ£ƽ𣿡
ǣɣ˵Ǿµ˼ڳ֮ϣϷоʥ϶ûޡһˣҲǸɢүʲô
˵ɵɵͷʹǸɢүҲܽʥϰɣʱԼ䣬ҪʡǶٹǮư
ĸһ˵òҲмֵ˿СǱȥ
㻹С˼ң˼ֱЦã˼ôţҲǹС㣬ʥ׷ľⱲӶ죬Ҳһ
岻ҲŮôű˵˵ˣҵҲһ˫Ůˣǿ
˸˲ȥϣһ˫ŮǱȶǴɩӣȻǱֻһŮǿˣɸǼҴСȣҲ˵ó⻰
ʲô˵ģ岻ôţҲһ㣬ҹ˻԰Ծ˹ͬ
⻰˵ֱˣڶҲЩˡ
ЦҲŮɣ˼ȤҲͰˣ˵ĻҲҵѾͷѾָˣȻ⻰￪ȥ˼һһôˣ
ţ˵ˣΪȥ𣿡
־ȥ⻰˵˵Ҳˣǧ˵ȥܵܵǰ̣Ҹˡ
Ӳĸ׵棬Ҳ˵Ʋ죬ˤ졣
֪ôֱӣ˾ͺˣɴ⣬ǰͬ˵飬ʲô⣿
ĸ⻰˾һۣЦҵȻģֻ⸮˼ҲƼģһ࣬Ҫ˵ʺӵģʵûܶԵģҲǷүˡ
˵飬㲻˼Ҫߣȴסˡ
˵¶أʲôѽҲĸ˵Ӳ¡
£Ǹĸ֮ý֮ԣʲô
ǿɲһЦ⻹Լ˵ǶģĸãԼö⣬Ҳʡպ˵ûҸ˼ҡ
˱ʵʲô˺ģ
ЦүǶǼģأҲǸӣҼǸȴһúã˳ҲΣС졣ֻһ㣬ΪȻͣӾǾͻ֪Ǹ׽ˡ
ǻ˭أ˼ʵ
һλأۼȷǱ⸮ҪһأôҲǸճӣòǼүҲȥѵģǳĺӣûЩӵñǿ׿˵ĵ⾢ǸҲûӹ
˵࣬Ҳû˵ؼֱӣ㵹˵˵˭
ЦǴҶģǶ̼ҵСӣġ
ȴû뵽ԭ
ͷΣ
˼һǸġ
һ֣Ҿ˵ȥʶ֪֪˵Ҳô
ƣһֱŸԴЦȻˣλֵҲǲģǷھͷҲˡ
˵ȥƣԼ˵˵λô
Ťȥ˵ʲôҲ֪
峯ĸŬŬ죺˼ˡ
ȴʲô˼ģѾͷûһڹĹĸ⿿Ҹ⣬ԭȾү׼ҹҪʤһ
ɲ뵽ġ
ֻ첻
ȴ˼ˣҲܹⶢүˣҸᣬȥ̽̽Ƕ̵Ŀڷ硣
ף׼ƵǼҴС㲻ǿҪͷȥҲһݣʱ˵ϻ𣿡
⻰˵ͷͬʱַѣǣЩʲôأ
ûʲôõóֵģ⼸굹ǻЩʱȸϰɡ
Ǹáοġ
忴ЦΪӵ£ĻС˲ɣպϢˣҸҲй⡣
ءֵһ˵һӣȻ͸úŽᣬûʲô¶ǰ첻ɵġ
ɲǡ帽͵
ɴԴ
ת۾ǡǹԪƷķһˣȥ١
ԪҲ磬ҪȥǸߡĿɲǷɽˣԱߵĴɽɽ˼壬Ҫȷɽʳ࣬嶥ƣõˣѵֶ塣
ԪҪȥģͬһģоʢԪӢپǼкˡ˾ɽ׳˻̧ͣɽȥ
̧͵˶ֽ˵ģߵֿ죬̧ŸأʱͽԪ˦˺ͷ
ʲôбԼ߰ԪӢǰҪʧԪ»Цǻ˻
ףԪӢתͷԪ֣˵
Ԫܵص˵ͷȴ·߲֪һԻɫҰˡ
ԪӢקԪҲ䣬ߣȥ
Ԫ忴ߵÿˣɵÿѵС߿
û¶ԪӢͷҲصػ˻֡
СĲҪ߲·Ԫѵ
֪ԪӢĿԲͷˣǵС𣿡ȥԪԹ
ԪЦȥĴһ£ҲΪǺá
úúáԪӢҲѧ˷ܣֻͷ۽ǵľȪЦҪ߲˾˵һɱˣҿϲǡ
ľȪƲ죺ɱСǡ
ԪӢȻûСǣϾҲԼѾߣȥĶţ׽º¿ûٸɹɽҲͷһˣˣɽʱľȪ
ЪЪɡȪ˵仰һͨ죬ôȥҪˡ
Ԫ˷磬ҲǰͷԪӢ˵ЪЪɣЪЪߣ˳ȵǡ
ԪӢͣͣȴûͷǶһ˻ֵһš
أġԪ˹ȥļ硣
꣡ԪӢϽʾְ˰Դ㿴ǰߡ
˳ָķԪ˹ȥǰǸЩĵط裬̧͵ºˮԶһЩĵطȴһһŮˣվһ˵Щʲô΢˿̱ԪǣסŮӴӡˣԪҲ˳
ףǲǶ𣿡


47 
СԪӢȥԪ, ü
ԪʹԪӢ֣Ԫ»Ǳţɻ˭ѽ
ϵáԪӢҲɻ, ǴŴ, Ǹ
ǧСѽǸĻ, ԪԺ˲һϷ
ôѾͷԪӢҲš
Ԫ»Ů, Ҳһɽˡ
Ŷ, , ǱأȥȪˮ˰ԪӢִ˵
ҲáԪ˵
ԪԪ»һģ˿ȴֻԪ»Ԫ, ǹһġΣ²ͷһˡ
ԪͻȻп, ǰŸϲ», ڿõˡ
߰, ˡԪӢ, Ǵһͷȥ
ʲôһͷԪӢɻţһ𣿡
ˣԪɲɷ˵߻ȥ¡
ЪһЪ, ȵǡ˵, ˷硣
ľȪ˹İȡĹϹ, ͽȪˮϴˣֲøɾǳԡ
Ԫûһأͼ׷˹վִϥǣڣײ˵ɵˣŸﴫϢ˴ּˣпȥء
˴ּԪӢһøԴ࣬ʲôּ
ԪվֱӣǶһ޶Եģɵ᣺ʲôּ⣿Ȼ̫Ҫǵּܲ
Ϊ̫һͷټԪɽûȫظˡ飬ھ͵ûȥѡΣɸ˽иϸ˵һ飬ֳЦ
̫ټԪСǣȻǲƵģԼûʲôֻĸһԿţҲöˣֲ߿ĸӲҪҲһţѧء
ڶһ磬Ԫ˾Ѿһ£Ƿȥ
ɫ磬ȴŸɫＸ˶Դһһߣ춼ҹ˷ܵ˯ţƫƫʱ˯ˡ
ԪŽȻȫûס·ôҲʥҲݼ̫Ԫ»ԪҲΣżĳǽ磻ΨԪӢԪᣬ⹬İúܣһһʳǹţǱ˾ſڳĴš
ҲûʲôԪӢſ˳ߣֱ°ͣ˵ʱԴһһʵģǺǽߣôߣоͦû˼ġ
ɵӣϽ԰ɣһˣ㼸ӣʱ򶪵ĿɾͲԼˣԽ͹ˡԪ»
УûˡԪӢƲ˻ȥ˶̱Ԫϣȥз
ԪŰ͡
ڹǣԪͲǰˡ³ȴڴ˴ˡ
޹ùãԪӢӦ졣
޹ùϥЦū澸С밲ˡ
޹ùúáԪҲ
޹ùֵ̫ѾڳȺλСˣߡΪ·
д޹ùڣԪӢҲ̫ˣֻ·һʢĻʱԪüŪۣʾǡñ̻СŮˣ͵͵ЦԪһۣҲںֻü
һʱ˳Ԫ˲üۣڴ޹ùһ
̴ƣԪҲҶ࿴ֻڵеϹкš̫򸣽𰲡һڵء
λϴһЦ˺ˣɡ
Ԫ룬̫˵ĸûʲô
վɲ̧ϿǸЦڰﲻ˾нȥǹĸͷɡ
Ԫýǰɴ޹ùø֪ˣλ̫밲̫֮㵥˹ΪľǽԼһ档
밲ְȥ
ԪŮӣɵипҴҴ۽ǣЦҪ˵ӻǹÿ죬һգۣѾͷǶôˡ
̫ҲЦɲǣ뵱ǴʱǸأҪϱˡЦţԪ֣Ѿͷơ
Ԫ˹ȥ̫һԶĵطͣ£ָһ̫
̫Ȼʮֵ⣬֣ǣͷβһغ󣬷ԪЦǰ˵ֶŮɱ㵱껹Ҫʤϼء
ԪЦȻһһǿ
̫˵ʱԪȲӣҲ⣬иˣ֣˵ѡʱҾ֪Ǹúӣ
Ԫ΢Цл̫ޡ
̫ЦҪ˶ã͸øĿںһĸ˰ɡ
ԪŴȥֻЦ
ԪЦĿǸģĿҲһġߴԪһ
ԪɵԴĸ
̫Ц˻˵ʲôţǸúءԪʹԼ£Ͼպ۸ˣֻĸĸ
Ҫ˭أһԵ
˵ܲٲܲپ͵ˡԪЦ
Ԫ̧ͷ˹ȥͼRԵ̤ˣǲͬǣ̫͹棬Ǳģǹؾ
ԪҲվ񣺡¡߰ĩ
̫ЦŰ֣ûˣ˾RЦĸ
RԪϣһɫȹվͬһ˶Դʹϸĸ˵˳÷·һֻС
ԪǣɵЦϾŽ쵹磬ôϱˣҲ˯ˣͰš
̫£ҲЦ۸ϱɣ
RһƤҲʲôֻ˵ںĸ˵ģôôϿǸʮһβġ
˵һ̫ȴЦøˣӴ֪ϱҪҪװùøءԪӹȻǳˣ֪Ůӻˡ
ɲԪҲЦ
RԪ˶ǳǳЦ˶ׯ磬ǸЩνŹŮûʲô
ڼ˵ҲͲˣȥߡR̹׵
̫Ԫߣ˴϶ƲסЦ⡣
Ҿ֪Сǳ˭ġ̫һأֶԪ˵ҲãѵýһΣͽϾ㣬⹬úתתơ
ԪΪҪ⣬ʶؿһۣЦеϣҲȻȥԪӢ
ͬͬסʮĽãԪӢ¾ͻ⣬ҲҪȥ
ȴԪס˼Сȥʲôûӡ˵ת̫Ц˵ˣ̫Ҷ⼸ӵأˣ˭˵ָԪӢɱǫ飬ĸ˵ˣһѽñ˵Ҫһ¥ء
˵ϣԪӢֻԪڳſʾΪ
ԪִǣǿȥɣǵùŰ
R̫͹ǡ
ԪΣҲֻ


48 
˳, Ԫûǰߡվڹǽµû˷ЦӯӯģǶǰͷĳR, ʵʲô˼
Rͣ˽Ųʲôʲô˼ת, վ, üͷ΢, Ƕʲô
ԪȻû, Ҳšü, ɵҲţôģ
ģ˵Ҫ䣿RȻʱЦˡ߻صǰһ˫峺Ǿ裬һ, Цøˡ
˵ղŵǸü˳۵Ĵҹģǽϰߡ
Ԫӵתÿ죺ȡЦң
ȡЦ, ˵, ϵЦȴֹסҵǸϲڵӡ
ĪԪ˰, Īʲôëϲ˶ף
, Ҳ˵ġR˵ĳҪ⹬Ĵתתġ
ʲôתģûʲô˵ģÿͷ밲
R⻰Цİ, ͷġ
Ԫû
Rһ, ͵ü޽ˣȴϤλãõʱ·
ޣԪ, 㵱ɵǳףҲסڹľ˭ûͷܣ
һ˵ڣʶԼǱˣʱһȣΪ˵ʱҲй·˭·
Rȴܵ⣬ǰϵĺΣһ·бΪ·ģ
ԪģǴʱֱһש͸ȥҪҪˣ
ǸųRˣϾүǻӣܲӡ˵ˣϤǣҲûʲô
Rȥ԰ȥ˹ӼεȥԼסŵ˼
⹬ָ治ͷϷңֱЦ
˵ʲôأR˸첲ͺܷҵʡ
ԪҲøۡ
һ·ȻûʲôֻµĹǣҲԶƼǣͣԴĬ·𹬵ߵʯһ
֪Ϊʲô𣿡RҼȻ˰ƱǾͿ϶ЩǡЦΪʱǶ붼ڻʺء
ԭԪȻ
ǰˡRְس䵱򵼡
Ԫе죬סⲻǡ
ûRͷλýõסˡ
νס
λǻݣǰλ楣Ӧûйһ֮ԵR
λݶǧ𣿡Ԫʡ
Rɫ⣬ֵҲˣûʲô⣬һһ갾Ҫ˼꣬Ҳһλˡ
νھ³楣Ԫ֪ģΪĽеˣͬʱеꡣ⹬ûϰ𣿻
ϧڲڡ
˵Ҳ˼վ̫˵ôɹ̫ļ𣿡
ϤȡЦûбˡ
ԪתͼԶĵطνһװЦӯӯǡ
ԪеǵģЩǵ棬֪ùؾ񣺡μ楡
Rֻ˹֡
ϷҪ㣬ν̧̧֣񡣡
νס󣬺ܾµһסҺԪİ裬һ濴һͷǱǰҪװˡ
ΪRڣνٻеûֱȥкԪȲԵģǻԼĳأ涼ûġ
Ԫ߹£ϰŵĸ㣬ǱȲԽݵľ£ҪƵǱǷɡ
ദúãν
νΪ裺ͦõģΪˬ󷽣˵
R֪Ǳ˽ܻҪ˵ʱҪȥȡġ
һվνԪҲ͸վˡ
ˡʾֹֿԪ΢΢ף㣬ȥ
Ԫֻ˵ͷĿȥ
תͷͿνԼЦԼе飬˵Цʲô
νЦøˣЦʲôҲ㲻֪
Ԫ
νǰ̽̽ѹ˵λ¶ʵͦĵġҲҲδһõĹޡ
ԪһڲˮĲ㣬ȴĿࡣ
⻰˵δ̫Щɡ˲ѣ˵
νȴô룬һֳԪ˵֪ǽܱ̫֮ٽΪµһ仰
ΪԪ⡣
ǰν˵ͷ̫ǰһ䣬˵ﳣڹУѵüԪҵˣԪһҺ׻ؾˣӦüˡĻ
Ԫţһ䣿
ٴνšüͬʱֱʹȥ
νʮ㣬䵽ԪֱϵȴͬԪЦţˣǲ˵ˣأһɺã
νչ˸첲ۣʲôõģ㿴ˣ⹬Сɣʥ϶мӣҲΪңһȥҶƣⲻͦˣ
Цӯӯģ˵ѡԪΣν̧Լôˣʲô𣿡
Ԫҡͷֶʣ㿪𣿡
νһ漴̾˿Цÿ춼Ҫ飬ǾԼġ
Ԫ¶ɫЦģһǺܺõģÿ£ɲ͵ŷԼһ£
ݡ
ܺദġνЦѡʱǸģʵҲǸ˵ģʹһֺǹ컹ˣҿˡ˵Ҳǻûʶ
˵ݵǺ²ˣԪҲͷˣܺһλദǢǾٺòˡ
֪ҽҪ㣬ڻʺ͸˸ڣˣȻǻܼءνЦ
ǵȷǸˡԪͷ
νЦǼضҲദ
ԪҲЦˣǳӣദҲǲܷġ
νһתˣ޽ĳء˵һ٣Ҳһˣ
Ԫ۶ûüƺһ
Ԫ˿Źʾ˹ȥĴΰɡ
˵òˣRˡνǳȥվڹſڣпһȥ´ټͲ֪Ǻʱˣ
ν֣ŬʹԼЦһܿģܿġ
νҲ֪пã֣˵ˣȥɣ̫͹ȼˡ
ԪһͷߵǽսǴٻ׿ʱνվ˹ſڣ֡
߰ɡR֪вᣬ˵
ԪջǵţʧνҰ
лл㡣R벽ͦεıӰ˵
Rסţתͷһ̣һַöװ˵ղ˵ʲôû塣
Ԫʱᣬ֪˵ģ󷽷ԼĵлˣƫҪľٶⲻϸҴ
Ȼˣǿ϶򲻹ģ̧žߣˡ
RվԭأЦ£׷ȥɲаôѻ˵Ȼǵš
͵Űɡ
𰡣˵һ顣
˵ͷ
϶䡣
˵Ǹɵӡ
Ҳ䡣
ܷ
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49 
Թ, ԪٲҪʹĶøĸĿϲģҪָ
һ, ֪, ҹҲ, ˾͵˱, Իط
ԪԪ», ֻʣʱ, ԪĺԪ»ѾͷԶһЩԼͬԪ»˸첲ǰͷ
˲˵, ڴɽϣͬһǸ, ˭Ԫżɽ, ֱʵ
Ԫ»ʱ͵ɴۣŵؿԪ, ô֪һ˵, ʶԼⲻǱ𣿵ߵͨ졣
ԪЦˣıʲôд󵱻飬Ů󵱼, Լ, Ǻ°ܱȱäƼ޵ĺá
Ԫ»мЦˣ⻰Ҳ˵ˣԵ֪, Ҫҵļˡ
ԪȡЦ֪˻ļǻȥ
ҡֺˡ
ɼϲˡԪ˵˳
·˺ܴľģԪ»˼Ƭ̺صͷǣҺϲ
Ԫ»ϲˣжһû˵ңڽһС٣ΪѧľͶڰ¹ԺԽԪͬԪ»һμԪ鷿
˵ҲǺЦʱΪֵһζ㣬Ѭᶼˣһᣬһ滹ҵǸ˵⣬ҵʲô⡣ԪУԪ»˵𵱳Ͷʶĳ̲סҪЦ
˹СԲӽԪʾȳһ㣬ҹˡ
˵Ǹƶ˼ҵĺӣҲڷϽƾܸУףû׼ܳɵġԪ˼˵
Ԫ»ֺ˵ʲôأ
ԪЦôеȥͷĻˣȴûӳԼ¶
ҡԪ»Ʋȥû룡
⣬ѼӲءԪкЦ˵ʲô˼ģǰ˵ģܼ޸ԼϲˣǶŮӶ飿
Ԫ»ײŪԲСԲӣΣ̧ͷԪʵأ޸£㿪𣿡
Ԫ룬ǷˮתʹνҹֵԼˡ
ǲһġյԾĵƻظһ䣬һġ
ʮ³ޡ
ǰһϣԪȥ˶һյʵĵƣаһС۽͵ġǾͳŶĿĵġ
˵Ҳ˼һöҸһһ£ھǾôֵܽãƫƫԶϱߵСѾͷƬ˵
עԴǣԪţŪϹŵӣҪ˶ã㻹ø밲ء
㵹ѧˡЦĴһ¡
ҲѾˣ䴫ҹǵСǿ˯ɣ컹ء
Цͷѹ
ƻ۵һ죬˵Ҳ֪ôˡ
Ԫ˭
˼ΣǾ߸֪ɱ״
ںܺãһʱգѾָòˡֻ־ǷϣҲ֪ƿɻҪμӡԪ̾˿
ȴû
Ԫתͷʱ̧һֻ첲۽Ĩһ¡
ԪֻûƼתͷʶֻСѬ
İɣΣӦòȥˡպһΣҲ޹ϸ𡣹˽ҹͰ˰ɡ
ùһġš
һҹǶû˯ãֻ˵û˯ؾͱ˽ϴһӲ裬ԪԺأֱǱߴһӴ˹ȥȴǺʹֱлء
ϣԪżƵĶڴϣ̲סͬʵͷزأ
û˯Դֱһڣ˿ֻĿǣʱðɣ㻹ЦңŰɣգҪһҪϺü
һԵϲЦǿɲƣȻҪ¡صˡ
ֵֻˣûҸء
Ԫں㡣
ָ˸
Ԫ׸ͼ޵֮һһ·½Σ裬أʡڼ󣬺Ȳ˲ƣӦ˵Ƕһͷˡ
׵ϯµǶȥԾˣټĻ鷿ڰ
ܲˡûˣʱӶȥӿˡ
ͬŮǸжȥͷϷصĽΣʱ̱˴ϣҲˣҪˡ
ԪĴһ£ϲӣ˵ʲôĻء
˵Ҳ⣬Ҳôһ⡣Ҫ˵㵽ʱǱƢһҺء
Ԫֻ˵˲ˮȸ
ԪС𣿡鷿һѾʵ
ϵźŵĴѾߣ㽫ӭ˽
Ѿ߶Ԫ˸ЦǷ˵ˣԪСǿͣȥЩֲ赭
Դ룬Ԫ㲻þֻܾЦ֪ˣлҷ˺⣬Ժȥ㻹Ȼȥɡ
Ѿ߾ָ˸תȥˡ
ȥɣҲæһˣûԣҲûԣȥԵ㶫ɡ˵
Ԫһ鷽˵żҾЩˮģǰͷȥã徻
ָԴҲҷܡ
ʲôҵģԪЦʲôˣ
˱˴ȡЦ˵ѾѾ˲ˮ͸㣬Щ˹ǴߴҲ˵ˣˣ㣬ܵøӣȥϯ¶ҲãԪ
Ԫ룺Ǻðɡվֵͷ˵Ƕϡ
ͷܵǣЩȥɡ
Ԫӻ鷿Ѿˣȴǵƻͨյͬ硣ԶԶ˿ִ֮ǵĻЦԵһˡ
С㣿Ŀֳ񣬲
ԪعһЦ߰ɡ
ʱѹ룬θСǧСǣдϯģһ˵ģ𿴻ģ˹ιģԪйģЦŴк
㣡ԪһȺιŮм˳ԪĸǰͷЦô
ûءԪһԲཱུС̲סҪһ
ҸһȥԪЦţǣ֡
ߵȹսǴӭˡĵҲˣֻűڵĲˮһײǱˮȫۿԪˡ


50 
ʯ, ԪҲϸ룬ʶؾ̧˸첲ڵԪǰ
С㣡ľ
ͬʱ, вض顣
һж̫, ڳĿõ˶Ҵ, ԪȴǵһӦ, Ϊ, 첲ͱϴȸ, Խˡ
С㣬ôʪȹۣҪȥѵǸ·۵, ȴֶԷŹС㣬һʱֶ˺
ԪȻҲϳ, λŹС, Ԫ󣬴˿ȴıǸѽ, ԲסԲס, û뵽˵ġ
ԼòŮӣԪҲ޷ָֻЦ¡
Ԫץ֣ÿ, , ĸ첲̺ˡ˵ȥλС㣬Ҳ̫С˰ɡ
λСȦһ죬һҪˣ, ԭҲǹġ
ԪС͸ԪԪӢһλǺˬ֮ٿ޿䣬˿ỨŮӣҲһʱûӦ֮ߣٳˡ
Ԫа̾ȴЦţˣҲʲô¡
ֻʪˣȥǰδԵʧǰͷȥ˸ԼȥĻ鷿Ȼɾѡ
ôСģ˵Ԫˣ˭ѾСԪ£첲һߵļ米϶бˮ̵ͨİߵ㣬ɵøˡ
Ҳ߯ˣ̵ˮá׻ûĹңһҪ˰̣ǿǺã
û¶ԪοǰһЩҩо࣬ר˵ģĨϾͺˡ˵Цģˡ
һۣҲɣʱԼЦ˵ţһִѾȥ
˭ûϵ飬˭뵽ҵĻ鷿һ½ģˣ㡣źЦȡЦ˵
Ԫ˰ۣҺûˣˣ㻹ҪҪ
Цʲô˵Ŀɲʵ
ɱɡԪû
Ѿҳ࣬ˣΪҩ
һʱҲˣԪ̸˵ģδǱˣֻ˵ЩЩͷΣЪЪ
Ҳ߯СЩţƲƲ죬ŹС֪ģ۸ڶӲ˷Ҫ˵һ¾ǹģǲ֪һֱڹд˵˵Լ;ε䡣ǰЩʱʥּˣ
ֹԪͷʲô
ڨڨЦЦûʲôЩۣҲˣԼ
ԪȴЦˣ㲻˵Ҳ֪ضЩκģ˾£ɢĺԵĻɡ
ΪͿĨһ٣㶼˵ˣ
ԪǵһЦǾôȦӣЩתתܻ˵ġ
Ҳ
ʲôģԪЦҪ˵ģŹŶԡ
⻰ô˵⡣
밡Ԫһ˸ɾѣ˵СµĻҲʥ͵ģ˵ָʥò𣿡
û뵽һ㣺ֲأǴβ˵λС㱻ڸ˰࣬Ϊ¶
˾ŲʮˡԪĵĲѣһڣˣһȥǰͷӦһأҪʡ
𣿡ʵ
ԪҪ˵û¶ͷŽˣˣ
˭ˣԪͬʵ
ԪСС㣬԰ˣ
һ⻰Ԫ¾ˣֲѾͷԼԭȥС㱨ˡ
⻹ˣһվҪȥȥơ
ԪϽסȥʲôӣԹţȥˡ
ǡ
İɣءԪֶѾǣúÿţɱܳȥˡ
ֲǷˣһ¡
ǣͱȥˡԪЦϵϵ˿ִģҴ԰ȥ
Ԫϵʱ˽ԪŹСˡޱҲڳοԼСãԪˣֻһۣҲþ뿪ˡ
ޱһߣΧ۵Ҳһ룬ʣµĶڰοԪᣬȴ߲ѣ˼ޣҶûԼŻˤһӣȴӲ˵ƵģǱԩĺðɣ
ԪӢЦǲǺˣ֪һء
Ԫصͷɲǣ
ԪһԪӢ˵ʲôأûĽ̻Сӡ
ԪӢָԪ˵ûҪ
ԪһأȥԪ᣺С㣬ôһ£
Ԫȴˣֻ˸죬ƵģǲϿ˵
ˣĿһеԪӢЦҲûɶСӼҳܣìܣûʲô˵ġ
Ҫ졣ԪһۣȥԪᣬ˵
Ԫͷָ˿УСֹţôһ£ƣ˵Ļ𣿡
͸ҪִܣԪЦ
ǲȻأԪȻߣһ˫Ƶ۾λ㣬ɫ˵˵ǲԵģܻȻҪȥֹġ
Ԫɫɣ׼˿̵˼Ҳ͸СȥһɲȻ˵֪ҸղŵΪȷԪҵ棬ǣ£·ڸԼеڶ ҲҪȥģСȭͷ
Σ˵ԪӢ˸첲ֻһֵ顣Ԫ»ԪҲ֪Ȱֻ˾͸ˡ
ãԪ̧֣ԪΪҪԼæۡȴ룬ֻԼԴϣࣺǰҲˣ֪άˡ
ԪʱһᡣǰƳǸӣҲûίƫƫһ仰ͽ˲ᡣ
˺ˡԪЦţȥ˱ſ㳤ˣͿޱˡ
Ԫ޵øˡ
ԪӢһֻ˵㲻ᰲο˰ɣƣǿ˲ǣ
Ԫתͷһۣﵹæ
ԪᣬԪȥԼģǰϯȥôҪȥ¶ý˲졣
쵽ϯڵĻˣԪȴ˺ߵ˵԰ֿ֣ȥ֮ô
ǱˣǳRԪѭȥʱһ̫ʯϣһڴֵĴ˸첲Ҳš
֪ͬԼ˵ԪҲôѾĵˣٸԼ¡
ҪߣRͼ˹һס˵ˣĶˣҿ˵žҪ䡣
Ԫסʲôģɺͳ
R˳̯֣δŵӣҿҲ˳µ飬ͳ֮˵
ҲСԪûѾϹҩˣ͵²ġ˵ҪԽȥ
RЦЦĸ첲ȴ˵ĵط۵̲סһ
RŵָϽ֣Ūˣ
Ԫ̧ۿǹİɣ
R;˫֣Ҷ췢ģҾԲǹġ
⻰˵ʮϣԪӣô˵еġ竡ʮǺϣڣ
Ĳãȴֲٶ˵һ̧žߡ
γRûֻԶ


51 
ҹ, ıǷһһȥ
ԪҲĺС, ߵˡ
𳵴, ǳR, ׿ġ
ԪС㡣׿ȭ˵
Ԫ˵ͷ¿ʲôҪģ
׿˾һֻƿ, ˵ְСҩ, ǹר˵ĸҩ, С¡
Ԫ漴룬ʵģ
ְȥ̫ҽȡġ׿ʵ
˵˺󣬳Rͽ׿ȥġ
֪ˣ, °ɡ˵ת׿, л, ҲȥҶлǵ¡
׿ҩƿģֱȭ, ȥ
ϳ, һ߿ҩƿһЦ»ĵġ
ԪʵҲе˵ģ䵭ߵû˵Ůӻ¹, ʲôģ
ȴΪ⣺¹, ҲǱ°
ԪЦĶѧ˵
ҲЦŪҩƿС, ǻҪҪ
ҪȻҪˡԪ˹ϸ˵ûȥСƣܲһġƿӣų࿴ţǹҩԼҲ̻ɣʱݺ׬һʡ
ĿЦãС㣬⡭ʵ̫Сˡ⻰û˵ڡ
СѩˡõԪ԰ɹ̫һ߿ܵһ
ӴСԭءԪ˿ȥʱͼСԪһǣССԪִһȺѾϱǣˡ
ɩɩԪöЦ
߽ǵǸɫ²㣬ɵЦǻܣůֱ磬ôЩóԵġ
˵ֻ˻λСӵ֣ⶺ˵ǲҲ԰һùãùþ͸óԵġ
Ԫöɵģ⻰˼˭Ԫûü˵ͼԪӢǼȥСֶŮԪЦùãùøǳԡ
ԪӿԪӢ̧ͷȥĸס
ЦݽһԪĸ첲˵ùá
Ԫ૵ùá
ԪӢӦޱ࣬ԪԴķǼ˹ȥЦų԰ɡ
ûǲġԼ׶ɩԪæЦõɣɩɩ
һͷĿյϴһȲʣǵĵԪ»˺ġ
ãԪӢҲƣǺ
ҲԣȺСǶ˾
ԪӢҲһ˵áһʹ̤ȥˡ
£˻ĶӣֳԪӢıӰҡͷ̾ôУû࣬վûվģкǻһҪǴ˳ȥԺôżң
ԪһɫͱˣĿԪԪɫ糣΢΢ЦҾܺãܶʶ֣Щֲ粻ܿСǺõöࡣңԪӢЦԼÿİ
ڿʲôã岻мŮҪ˸ģʱϴźɷţŮʲôãѲɻսȥ
Ԫ˵ֻŹӣԪӢһƫ
⼼˲˰˹ӿǣЦ
ԪӢֳ֧һѩǰܡ
Ԫͬ˵ҲԾûȤЦȻǲżģ˺ȥʥ״͵ĺԵֻ⼸ǣģܵİûĽȴ޸ССģҲÿǰɡ
⻰һӾʹڳˣԪ»ԭһ¡ྐྵأһ⻰ʱһһ׵ġ
ԪЦи˵Եǿġ
ɲô˵ġ彫ӵݸ裬ԼԪ˵ö룬ƽʲôȥύ˰ˣǲ͵ÿĸˣ
ԪһԼͷһؼųRɲͷ
֪˿ЩʲôԼ˵𾢣˸󣬾ǾˣҲܼ޵úɾԲҲǽӣԽҲӣҶӣá
ԪԪ»ԪЦôҪҸź£
ԪֻͷԪ»ȴ˵ǵأֻܹ˺ԼСиĸĸڣֵܷ֣һӲˣҲ϶ٲҵһ뷹
⻰ԴŶɷ֣Ҳһ򲻶Ը˵ţֻ˸ۣã⻰ɲ˵ġ
Ԫ»Ҳ˰ۣҾ˵ôأ
ͷָָү͸·ɶء
Ԫ»һҪڣȴԪס˸첲
ɩɩ˵ˣ㳢⼸ģġԪ⡣
ϲ㣬ЦɲǣŻġ
ɩɩԵ㡣ԪĵӶǱơ
ҾͲ˵ţкƣҲ۸ζɺˡ
ƿԪɬһЦ
һ£ʵ׼ұ֣ҲСˣûأ
ԪԪ»ҵ£
ԲǾû˵ĸʲôǵ˼ң
ԪˣĨǴ׳£Ϊı·
˼ˣЦ£ĸҲ˵ҪҲǽ̫̫֪ã
֮⣬Ҫ֪ȥ̫̫ɣֻҪе
ȻûӵģԪײԭҲ뵽ģǱϹèӵ̬һʵġ˭ǰޣ׸ĸҪλ׹ĸϻȴƫƫûĻᣬԲԪò¡
ʲֻܵתͷƴȥСιʳ
Ԫ»һԪʹ˸񣺡С
Ԫֻҡҡͷʾ˵ˡ
Ҳɣأ׳Ҳˡ緢ʱĸͷѳɼҵĸˡ
ҲŴͷ˸Ϣ׳־ǰԪӢλһʾĸ裬һԪЦ벻֪
ԪͷֲҴŵˣתȥֻ˵˵˵˵
Ԫ»˶Ц
׳𣬸ǵ⣬Ͻƣʾ
ʲô˵ģֻԴ죬Ҳû˵ɶ
׳Ĵ֣￴óСԪⲻƫҪϸȥ˵Ҫؾˣ


52 
£Ԫʵ
ǰ׳һĶĲˮ, ֿԪòң㲻óһɣ
һû֪һԪ۵
׳ǺЦ, ǱԪӢںԣ
һ, Ǳȥˡ
Ԫ»ת˲, ЦҪؾ, ¿ٲˡϸ, λû龩˰ɡ
⻰ͬԪ˵, Ԫûڣֻ˵ͷ
ԽһһŮλ£ȴ֪֮, ֲǰƤֱӾʣλ, Ǹʲôͷ
Ԫ», ʱֻ˲, Ʒ
Ԫ״, Цλ£ʺĻӣפر˵, ھʮ
ʺĻӣüͷһ, ϸϸ㣬˵ǴĴˣ
ԪδϵӾת֮, 㶺Цȷ
ǿ˲áЦɻţλ¿ˣ
Ԫ»һЦЦǳ
ԪסЦ˵Ȼˡʮ͵ٳţɩҲеġ
ǣһ첻ţĸ˭屧Թš
Ԫ»۶Ѿˡ
ĺбˡԪϷùԪ˹϶񣬴Щȥůů͡
쵽ʱнŲΪǲŷֵԪ»ˣͷʱŵ𣬲ſ˲Ԫ»
㡣ƽе
Ԫ˿죬ôˣôˣ
һɫ磬ñǼ죬ҪڣԪǵȥ˵ɣ߹ġ
˵ţ͹ƣһԶȥ
̿㣬һţֻһůӭ硣
ůͣһ磬һţʲô㣿
ԪҲ¶СѾȥպãЦžˮɻɡ
ˮɻˣ߽ңȻͼϼֻ໨裬ļˮɻ򣬶űӯӯ֦ҶŰ׻׺Ŷоӡ
ⶼǹͳģȻһҪúáԪ˵ţ£ľڵĺǽ
ԭǹдͳģ˵ôŸƽĲһ̾Ϣǹлİɡ
ԪͷǵĶȻǺõˡ˲ѣ˵ҿ㶳ȵ㽪ůůӰɡ
¸мһڡ
ǰ۽ӡ
ľЦţӶС˵ô𣿡
ƶ죬ԪЦȥͷȥֵ˿ߣӻʣһǶ
ľͷ˳ȥ
һʱˣԪ˵ô㻹ʲôҪҪͬ˵
˫˲ѣԴԴһ˫ϸüšţԥ˰Σ˵ҽ˵Ļǡ
ԪһЦʲôҳлˣǲȥģҲؽ黳
̧ͷ֪ؿ㣬ǡֹ
Ԫֳˣ׷ʵʲô
̾Ϣһͽͷ֪ǲɵģ˵ҲΪ룬ôҲҪԼʲôӣĳȥ鸮Ĺӣ㣬Ҫңûͷġ
⻰˵ÿУԪӯӯ²Ҫˡ
˺ʲôˣԪģƣֻܰοİɣΪһ˽ģ˵˶ûͷǾûͷ㡣
ģȻ
ԪͷҲ˼ˣĸǱߣȥɣҹĸĸأĸҲʲôǹĸ簮СӣʲôģģʵݵúܣҲʵˡֻίˣʱĸײ⣬ٲҪ
ЦֻǾǺõˡ
꣬ԪҲһŮȴƫһ˼ҡ
Ҳ˻ԪȰҼʶһŵùңպʲôҪģֻҡ
˵Ц˵ҪҸҸżңһ°ͣװ˼ţ⾩ǵûʲôˣ絹ǽιҪԸ⣬ҿ
òòáһ˵ţ϶պˣҲ˼
֪ƤԪҲûشȤˣ˵Ц䣬ۼʱҲˣȥ
ֻ˸ûͷСѾ캮ضԪģеӴľ˲ŷϽ˸ֵ裬һͻƸȥ
ƣĸԪӣֽԼӣֵҹģС㲻˯ʲô
Ԫ̾ҲƼˣ죬С㻹ÿ£б͵ģһһӣҲ׷Ҳǿϧͼȥ
һЦˣϹġ
ԪŲںĴȤһ˵ˣȥϵ˵һ£ҲС㱸һݣϡ
Ĳ²ţ⵹ڰɣ̫̫żң׼ңôҲ뵽ɣ
Ԫ뵽ãǲ״һ仰
Ҳͳˡ
ˮɻԪָ˰Ǽ軨Ҳȥɡ
Ҳˣֻհǡ
ƵԪȥͻݵȥģûκ˲ĸˡԪĺãͬʱָпʱô;ǸദأԼͦģǸƵĺùﰡ
պȥԪлһ棬֪Ԫ鰸ǰࡣ
Ԫڿһţǰ׷篹͹ģһͬ͹Ļһ۽ۡƸϵɣ۽۳ԣ߻ܴϺЩ
ԪߣͿĽǿϣЦСǺգʺء
Ԫȥԣģģ
ģҲûƵƣ˿ܽͷ⣬Ƿš
Խݰ׼ҵһš
ֽԪһɨȴֽ
ʰӣ鰸ǰʱͷСѾ̫ʱˡ
С㣿Ԫڻعʣ϶дʲô
ԪֽԭۺãַŻŷСĸƽȻ˵ûʲôǾ˾˵ҪϾˡ
һҪٿڣͷľѽѩˣ


53 
һĵһѩ, ѩСһϹȥˣҲûס
ûѩ, ȴú, ̿, Ȳˮ, ůŨ, żСһȥ, ܺʪѡ
յ¾ţµ׵ʱ򣬳źһĻ˾
λδӣԪʵ֪֮, ȥڱЩӢµĴ˵ʲô֪, ƹʥϺͳR, ҲƲλ, Ӧò
ؾ󲻾, ݰ׼ҵĴҲͿ˰ֻǽһգǡøϳǽʱԪ, Ҫȥ硣
Ԫ𳵴, ÿ֮һ̧ͷ߶ˡΪո·, Ԫãƣ
û˵һ仰ˡ
ԪһνϣĳдУֲɡļ̵ֲ
ӴŮͣҲԪһʽݻλδɩɩ
ԪСòˣ֪һȻ鴫Ц
ԪҲ΢΢ЦţĸĸǸ캮ض˼ҲȾ˷纮ţֻڼﾲ
Ц˵أԪϷǰֵһˣô᲻أԭǲˡ˵գֻ˸ŮԸ˼䡣
Ԫ²⣬ҪȥԪ̽
ԪϸλԼĪʮͣҲʮⱦϾж͵Ĵԡ
ĸʱ飬游̫̫νҲǳҡֻоֹԪãպøҲദǢ
ԸˣתͷͼԪɵЦϿʲô
ԪҲû룬ѿڶòһ˵ڣͻعˣʱգԼôѧðӢһ컬ˡ
һ㶣漴Цˣ⺢ӣ˵Ц
ûգԪŷ
˵ôûŽأԭǶˡһһλŵţüȴдмŮӡ
һģŹС㣬ޱһɫȹüӯӯͬˮµ÷·˶
áϥ
ڼޱʱԪѾˣߵλضˡҲ
һˣ˵壬ԵͷԺһˣԪС㲻ض񡣡
⻰ԪţԾúЦһ˵һˣһֳƺΪԪС㡱ɼ衣
㣡һõӰ˹ŹСƣ˭
˸ǰҲԪֻ֣˵ǿ԰Щ÷ˣɺÿˡ
ޱߣǵıӰͷԺͻϰߵġ
ԪȻ⻰ͬ˵ġŹ죬һλʺӵܸǰһ㣬Ҳпԭġ
òǣŴָ԰еһˣԪ
Ԫ˹ȥֻһȺ̵Ůм䣬һװԪӢۣôݰףŨü۵ģһװ磬ѰӻҪϼ֣ʱһȺŮΧţҲ֪˵ЩʲôǵȺŮǸЦ
ԪҲ̲סЦ벻Ҫ֣ôӡ
ЦҲùȤġ
˶٣תͷԪЦұ곤꣬Ҫ˶Ҳˣ߻ɩɩҪԸĻҲԺ÷㡣
Ԫû뵽һҵȷ÷Ĺǻ÷ӳѩһΪʫ֡
ҲŤ֮ˣȻ㿪ˣҲûپܾɣɴ࿪ڻ÷㡣
á÷ӳѩͷЦָ԰У˵ţҲȥưɣ԰÷ǾһֻϧûѩȻÿˡ
ԪĹɵõͷǡ
ůһƬ÷֣Ǻ÷÷÷мδڵ÷ŮУ򿴼ϲģͽ˱Ǻã븮ʱ֦ȥ÷ӳѩ׼˵ġ
Ԫ˵󷽣һժƬ÷ֿɾˡ֪÷ӳѩȴ͵͵Ц˵ﱾǹģϧһһС԰أȻСɶƷӲʾ˵ġ
ǸӲʾ˵С԰ӣ˿̾Ԫǰ
һ֦бáԪͷϵҶԭ÷Ҳϲʫ
Ҿϲһ䡣÷ӳѩ󷽳ϵ
ĹģŮû÷ӳѩԼǰȹӵţתͷԪЦơ
Ԫ˽ȥǸС԰ӣĿɼͰΧǽǽߣӳŨǳۣһɴ⡣
ǸõطԪֱ̾԰һӰϡ
ŵܣҿǸˡ÷ӳѩЦţתԪǧգҲǿһƬҰµķϣزġҷģû´ˡ
ɩɲô˵ģѵǿǧΪѰǷ𣿡R˹컬һ
÷ӳѩԣֻԪ֣ЦȥůǣֲģҲ֪ܲܳɻ
RıӰѰĶβɻ
Ԫ֣ۿŰ׾ĲЦ벻һ£Ҳ͵ǽЦ󷽡
Rתͷ˸첲ǺһЦҵǲ⣬ͬŮǶڵ÷ȥ˵̧žҪߡ
ԪҲߣҿߵʱ
RߵԺűߣҲûԪĻͷʱһ꽭ɰ£ָḧѪ꣬һϼ÷Ůͼ
ʱһ꣬εһһҪġʱôţԼ仰ǳƻĵ
ڣָоˡ
Ȼһ̣ƻĵбۿ˹ﲻ̲سţôˣĪſһϣ谭˾µĽŲ
RתߣҰ߾ߣ߾ͲˡԪǰվ΢΢ͷƵЦҺΣ
Ԫ˰ۣ񾭲˵žҪƹ꽭ɰ
Rס첲ϵ˺ˣӯӯһգѩסǲ㣬Ҫ䣬ٿ档
ԪԼ֣ÿüš𣺡֣˭㶯ֶŵˣ
Rһ̯֣ôǶֶأֻ뿴˺ûС
ˡûģụ̂㾸¶ġ˶٣ֶƵ˵˰̣㲻нڣȥɲ𣿡
Rʱͳ춼ЩʲôָԪĶͷͲҵã
Ԫ㿪˵˲Ҫֶŵģ
Rһ֪㱾Ҳ˳ۣǽݵĺ֮ˣǲͷˡ
Ԫ̧۶⻰ʲô˼ͬʱﾪȻ֪֮ˣ
R˸첲ЦЦʲô˼Ҫ˲֪ǼĪΪ˼ҵܽؽˣ˵𣿡
ԪһʱҭסȻܽؽ鶼֪ˣ
Ųţƽٴο˳RƽˮѽӴԺֻˣ
˭֪⻰˵ںǾƣɴ̧žҪߡ
ûֻͷ˵ֻ²Ҫ˵ˣΪԪҵӣҲΪǻӡ
ⷬžȥ
RվԭأȥʼҲû׷ȥ
÷ӳѩıЦɵӣֲ˼ҹﲻϲ㣬⾢ûʹԵطѽ
RعǸЦǣαȵĸ磬פرɩɪг
÷ӳѩЦıĴ£ҿǷʰ
RһЦһ㿪ȥ


54 
Խ·, ԪԽԽþģ뽭֮ǵ£R֪ˡ˵ǽ, RǶЩ˼, ˵ֻǳԴ, պ, ٲǸˡ
ԭ, պ, Σôྴķޣտˡ
̾ϢΪԼ²ܶеաֻתһ, RޱҲȫȻɸɾ޹ϸôһ, ǵҲǰ, ˭Ҳ˵˭
ôһ룬Щ˭ûеʷأ
һʱ˸, ԪȥԪϷ, ˵˻Ự̫̫ɫˣͳɢˡԪȴԪӢһ, ˰׷
ү, Ŵ˷ĸɫǣһһֺãȥԪ֮һȥԪӢĸǱߡ
ԪԪӢȥ, ˾˰׷˴ҳ֪ǻˣЦʽճϯΡ
ԪһһˣԪΣҲе˷ļ󡣰׷˵ѾˣʲôëվͺˡлһȻȥЪˡ
ԪĸߣΪ˲ҪϽ֮
ԪӢǸֵˣȴҲ֪Ԫ뽭֮ãֻǲ֪ܽؽһ£ֻԪ£ʥ״ͣͬ׷ҪǱӣҲδ룬ֶֻ˽ţҪˣҪȥг̵Ƭԡ
ԪȡЦϯϻûԹת۾ͿǱ߿ήݱ»£Ȼһˡ
ԪӢԪֿ֮Ȼ˹ԪЦȥơһ̾ˡ
Ԫ߽ǿήĻܣڽ֮ǰվϸϸһأǧ仰ߣֻ΢΢Цˡ
֮ҲЦ;˸ϵġ˶٣˵ϲ㡣
лЦţһš
԰ԣ֮ȹϵһ֦ǳϣ˵ҾҪøȥˡ
Ԫһһ˵꣬꣬һȥټͲ֪ʱˡΪλԪԸ롣
ҲáΨһ䡣
罥ȹٴο΢ЦǣȻȥˡ
֮Ҳͷ
ǰһ˵ౣء
֮һҪڣѾתȥˡ촽΢վû˵ڣֻĿԶȥ
δعͷһۡ
׼Ҵ˷ΪײˣûԪסϼգˡ
еһ죬Ԫֻǳ˶ţݣһ֡
һ£ζŨˣԽﴦ˵ɨϴߣڼԤϦһ֡
ԪϷ˵ĲˣǶһ꣬ҲˣѾǴһӣʱ򴩴Σּּ𣬸ŮǴ
֪̫̫ô£ǸˣΧ̫̫һĽ
ţСѾ߽̫̫үˡ
ԪϷأʵļҵıү
СѾǲŽµģǴ̫̫ҵıүġ
ԪϷֻŶһкԪѾͷ֧ˣơ
СѾԭأһʱ֪ýˡԪȥʱʹ˸ɫٴ⣬æȥˡ
СѾ߳䣬³һһɹ̫Ь׵ѾЦΣ̫̫ӳˣ
СѾ߆һûųһ
ϸһһ˵ԴЩѾѾ˵ͷСǸõģСѾͷƬӡ
СѾȥԣʵ̫̫ԭúõģôǴ̫̫ҵˣ⸱ˣ
Ѿ߷лƣһأûˣкСѾ߹ȥѹͬ˵һĻݣ˭
СѾ߻Ȼ򣺡ԭ
꣬СѾ˵ݣҲǴүСıˣôҲֲ˵Լˣɱ³ȥˡò׽öָǵǮء
СѾͷˡ
ԪϷԪӢһű㽫һСʯߵԶ
ûȤԹţúõһ죬ͱǱүˡ˵ʲôүҲûôûûƤֵıү
ԪԹ鱧Թ㻹ǵùȥһˣô˼˵û
ûԪӢۣȭͷŲ͸ȥ
ǣţȥɣдȼˡԪЦߡ
ԪӢʵǲԸԼһǰȥԪһԪû취ֻһͬȥˡ
Ժǰȴþĵģˡŷֵϱǣæ˳ҪȥͨԪӢһס
Լȥˣ캮ضģǻǽȥůůͰɡԪӢǺûǿţǼֻȥˡ
˹ˣԪӢԪǱˣԺﶼûźˣĶȥˣ
ԪȤţǴ˵ǰ㣬ǶʹȥᶫˣҪԪҵĶȥң
ٺ˵ԪӢĴһ£ԼҲЦˣ⵹Ҳûܡ
СЦţ˷ǰԪӢȴֲȥˣԪȥ˴¡
̫ðɣԪе㵣ǡ
ԪӢ˰ۣˣֲǵһθˡ
ԪһҲǣİõ͵
ֻղһ죬˲ͷ֮ʣ̾Ϣһλұˡ
ãҷ˵ĻǾģаּ٣ֻܽҸҡ
ɱٺ˵ˣԪӢĸϵһʮͣδޣδȢȻǺáһ˫ŮӶѾŮҶĸˣ㣬ҡ
֪˵⻰ͻЩҲûӣս˥΢ŻָΪ£Ϊ㶨ԪңšɷҲˣһˣֻš
ԪӢȥˣǺһҪվȴԪһס֡ԪӢҡҡͷǣĵģ뿪
ŷʱϱԪסţɨ⼸ˣڵС飬֪̫̫ǵ˭˵˳ȥ˵ӺͷͶҪˡ
ᣬ˵ȴͬȪˮǼ˶Ͻ̬ңҡ
ˣԪ⣬һ˹ȥ裬˵ϱУ̥ضǸӣ
迪ڣֿһ˵裬˵ΪŮ̫̫ǰ˶䣬˳һԣũҵСӣ
ɩӣСŮùֿɰģջǼľѾͷҪǳء
ⷬһ˵ڣǼȫɵۡ
Ԫһ䣺︮ﵱһҪǣܺԼ죬¶Ϊ롣
ЩһͬԪӢˡ
оߣԪŵЩԪӢ̲סĶЩԣ
ԪŲţǼȪ֪ñһҪࡣ



55 
ЦЦ, ԪӢЩеײʹ죬, ȭͷʯͷ, ˵һ˺
Ԫ֪, Ȱ¶ǶС, ͵, , ֻ֪
ԪӢ֪ΣѲѵɱȥļſȥ𣿡
ԪЦҪС꣬㻹ó
ԪӢһۣĹĵز˵
Ԫְοƴ˼ǶǳˣԼҲ˵, ĸˣټ޵ľٶǱ˲׸пһˡ
ԪӢһ⻰˵׼
Ԫ˵, ǵ׻
ԪӢЦҲ, ֻһˣҪǶ, û, Щ¡
Ԫ첲š£ģ˵ʲôĻء
·úԪӢҲۣҲȥ֪ŲЩ֮˵ء
˴, ҲͰ¶, һ·ȥ
һñӿ죬һգۣҲ͵Ϧˡ
ԽκʱҪ, 棬ϯ꣬ѹǮ̻˷̨ϳմ칬̨СȥűڣˮƵϣｻ䣬˻ȥһꡣ
Ԫʵ߰ҹġԽݣʱ˿ڣҲ˯ˡɽ겻ͬʱԪϷ˻ϯţȻҲߣֻӲš
ɢϯԪһֲģһǳһأľǰͷ˵ƣЦСⰾҹϰߣɵøˡ˵²ҲҪʱء
Ԫ̧žȥ᲻˵˵ͱ죬ģɱҴ㡣
ľЦţֻȥ·
صݣƻԺȴĵģŷֻ˸裬ҲڻߣԴһһش˯
ľźЦ裬ҲԴȥͷ
ԪҪ
ľЦŶ㿪ҪȥǸ裬ȴԪֹˣģҹҲ࣬Ǯˡ
ľЦֳϦҹģжǮãӻҪǮ
ԪЦǹ
ΪǳϦݵĴ󲿷˶˼٣صļС㲻ڣҲ͵㵽ȥԾˡԪҲһ겻ôһأҲȥˡ
ΪɶҲûУﻹһˣԪǻæлƣӭЦСˡ
Ԫ¶Цʣһûأôڣ
һӹһЦһӵĵƻܵڿţ˵ñȲ裬СܺϿȵˡ
ȥҺöȲ˸ԪҲˣ춼ˣСϴ¾Ъ˰ɣ绹Ҫȥء
Ԫδ˵ʲôľȿˣøѾͷһ˵ǼˡЦ
ҲЦţ˵ﻰѵȻþľźһأȻǰǮ
ľͷֽڿ컹˵Ǹӡ
ȥˮԤԪϴЦ֪˵ˣҲ͸úú÷ʡʡԼˣκóӵġ
ľһըëˣ˵˭óأ
Ц˵˭ˣ˭Ӧ˭¡
ľȥҪ
ãԪһֳԴ˸ĹǷӣǲ˯ˡ
´ԪͬҲŸȥＸλݰ꣬ʱΧԪϷҺȲԵģϷ˵飬ӴƣҲæòֺ
ת۾͵Ԫŵƽʣò֡ԪӢǸͲסģѾͷǹҵ⣬ɴԼȥϹһţʲôƣӵƣƣԪƣۻҡ
ҹĻ٣ô˳ȥԪѽڵĵƻᡣ
ͳԪһ죬ǹĹǣֻҪӵĶ䣬ܳʳ͵ơЩŹŮǳһҹ˽ū澣ˣ
һ࣬ìĦǸĽţǸײļ硣мҵɷӣūͺȿȺˣҲ˲͵ȥ˺ɰĽֵ
ǵǾǣһ̯ϣԪӢһ⽣ЦǱԽݳࡣ
ʧļҲࡣԪͷ϶ñӣԪ»һھʣԪӢˣľȪǼҲ֪ȥ
ϵˣʱȥĵطҲˡԪӢĴȹһ첲ϾůͶˡ
ȪȡЦ³ʱ򶳵ö߶£һ⽾ͽлˡ
ԪӢҡָͷѽ㲻С̯ϵĶζء
ȪΪ⣺춼Ͳ˵Ļˡ
˵ǱӿһˣЦŶһͷȥˡ
˵ǱڲµգԪӢ쳤˲ӣҲȥƣ
Ԫĵȥƣܲµó𣿡
ôͲ²ˣԪӢԽݳǣҲ³ĿɱǶࡣ
⻰˵ԪһпͬԪӢνٽ˫ϲʩ𨣬һ˿ƲµգǽһȤֻʣԪӢˡ
Ҳգȳˣȥưɡ
ԪӢˣڵģѵһ
ԪӢǰ֣ѧЩϣȺﱻռ˱ȥԼҹգԭǣԪһ˼ǰͷȥˣԪľȪվȺΧ
⸽Ǹ̯ӣ̯Ǹ긾ˣһ˫Ů̯ϳȥʻЬӣеӤĻͷЬ˵ĲЬȫС
ԪȺＷ˿ֵͷ̯ϵĻЬһء
ˣЬģúܣ֪ˡַڶĻͷЬأСӴ˺ÿүòһҲǺÿýͲ֪Ӷ·ݣ
ԪΪ⻰ͬ˵ģһ̧̯ЦӯӯģȴԼ
ɻԼ˶ñӣ̯ƻۣΪļҵĸˣʣҪڽͣ࿿һˣתͷ˹ȥȴǸüĿʵĿɾҲЦǳRĸ󵨣
üͷ˲Rȴߴ˼Ҵɩ㻰ء
ԭôڣԪһ̧ţѥӾͲȥȻתߡ
һûʲôնú񣬳RҲʲôЦˣ̯˵ʵδкӣƤǲ˼ˡ
̯ҲЦ£λᣬǺͣպҪٺӻûУλ๫ȥ׷Ӱɡ
һԻһľȪЦˣⶼʲôʲô
RקסԪͷϣ־Ҫֱ˳ץס
֣ҧҧ촽·ĴȺģʲôͳ
Ŗ˼˻أ⻰ʶ
ɿԪš
ľȪҲ˹δ˵ڣͱRƳһָۣϽĿڣλȷְɣ˿˲á
ʲôõģRԪϸü§§Ķأǲǣһ¶ѡ
ǣһ£Ԫ˱ǯƵĸ첲ǿȺòã
RֻЦţҲ֡
˶࣬Ҵȥһ֣ÿR
Ԫһֻȥ֣ͷҲ̧ڴ˴ǼҰӢ߿ǺÿĵطԼȥɡ
Rһֻ׽סֵ֣ʹԼЦɵӣ㲻ȥٺÿĵطҲû˼ˡ
ľȪˣڳR˱첲
Ԫ컬ࡣɼǸӵˣװ˼վӡ
֪ǣٽֵľ¥ϣֻԴ˴ߣˢˢ±߿֡
ŸԽԽˣ˵Ц˵ЦڻֶˡȴֳЦ
ʲôǿǸΪѡֶţѲɶ㰡ȡЦ
ŶǾԽĴС㣿ԪҵĳŮ
ĸ˵òĸ˵
ͷһؼԪͨĵƻ˵۾ǿ÷
ģȷǳġͷ
ֹģȴǳ÷ӳѩҲ˹ЦѵǣסϾš
ŶǸǸе棬棿Ǹӣ˹ܵˣ뵱ޱá
÷ӳѩһۣ֪ʧԣһֱھУϲڣȭʮһܣҿڲˡ
Цĸ粻ˡʵ˵ԼҲûϵ档
ʱ˭ţRޱһԶĳ룬һתͷȫˡ
ޱҲǸõġ÷ӳѩο˳
ʵǲԸٽˣ¿ȥŸôˣ
˵ĺֹǳRǷվĵطֻʣԪѾˡ


56 
ԶȺ, Ԫƥǣĺ߸ߴëɫ, һͲǷƷ
R׿ӹ, ׿ֵͷ, ս˾¥Ժ
Ԫüô, Ҫȥ
Rѧ, Ҳü˵·Ҳ, ԸϰʱĻ
ԪͻȻڣԼôĹӦء
⣬㿪ʼ˽ڣֻһƥ
ţR, תͷʲô𣿡
ֻһƥǿ
R, , Цһƥ㹻ˡ˵֣ɡ
Ԫվû֮ͥ, Ҹͬˣ
R˼£㲻ñҪǲ, Ͱ
Ҳ⣿ԪֱҪЦȻ˴ԣԪѽڣһ֪Ůӵֹˣһ, ֪Լ, Խ
R°룺Ҫô˵Ļͱˡ
ԪҪˣǷҪȥˡתҪߡ
ǿɲСRЦţһǰ, ͸סˣԶţɲԪҵɡ
Ԫһ§סӯӯһյϸϷ
RԪֱӻ֡
ãҶȥҿɲ𡣡RȴЦв
ԪڳRǰҲ²ȥֻһһץϵķ֣»ǰȫҪ
Rܵò죬ߵ·Ҳ࣬ˣעҲ;ĵ̯ϣ˻ϸһԪҲͷЩ
һɣͻ˼룬ţһʱûסЦ
R÷Цʲô
Ԫҡҡͷûʲô
ûʲôRš
ԪҲûʲôòҴŵģֻСʱһҵҲǰ棬룬ǶǺöǰˡ
㸸׽̵ģ
Ԫͷ˵ɱ⣬ҵɲһġ
ŶRЦʣﲻһ
ҵỤҡ˵
кѣRڳһֻ§ס֫
Ԫͷ˿ֻԼϵֻ֣عͷȥ֮ˣɿ
Rʼ磺˵ģ
ѾСˣԪֵͷȥ֡
R§յøǽˣ֪ڲҶӷҲûšȥЦ
Ԫɴ첲һ¡ʲôǣ
һ·ǰδƬ̵ԪǰԽԽ٣ɵɣȥʳR⵽ҪȥĶ
R˵ǡиˣֵ𼱣Ͼ͵ˡ
Ԫҹﲻϵ·ѹ֪Լܵˣֻ߸Ŵ󻧣²Ⲣһ˾סڡ
˸²⣬ֻǲʮþȣҲ˵Ұ²ᡣ
ˡһǰR˵߰ĩ
Ԫ̧ۿȥĸǰλεġ֣ԡ²Ĳ
Rֳ֣ɡ˵
Ԫûֻ˵Լ
Rûټ֣Լˡ
δ޽ϣģУҲиˡ
˵ĺõطԪɨһȦܣϾûһˡ
βǺõطRʣҪϴ뱲ӵĵطء
ԪôƳһۣԹ̧ǰߡ
RȥڣȻţ˳ֱ롣
£ģΪڣҲŵƽһֻûʲôˣΪ塣
ʲôÿģԪ߱ߴ⻹ȥأֺÿ֡
Rߵǰͷ˵һ·ȥ
ԪֻƬ̣ȥ
˵ҲǶˣԪϲϵ·谵֮أҲܿ·ⲻRߵÿЩڸϣһû񣬽һ򣬲ûֱ߾һľһѣſվסš
R󶯾ͷһĻЦõԪһ۵ֹ˵ǣɡ
Ԫѣƫƫȥֻ֣ͷ˵ãЩˡ
Rȴûˣɷ˵Լץ֣
áЦ
Ԫ֪ԼĶ֣Ҳգǣˡ
ûãչһƬɽԪپǰһƬӯӯһƬˮˮ϶˵ˮ⣬ӰӳһԲ£һζ
Ԫ룬⾸У㾰¡ҪʳR˵һתͷͼȥһԣûһﱧһѶ
ô̻ʲô߽Ԫ̲סʵ
R̻ȫȥ˵ϣһһкãһһ˵⻹ܸʲôȻҪ̻ˡ
ȡ˻ӣԪԶԶ㿪̲סЦ£˵ģʦǷ˺ôģרŹˣġ
ˣԪǶСЩǻ⣬Լ
RѵػԼһ䣬һʱЦɵӣлӲȼһ֧̻ðһ˲䣬һûˤȥ
ԪУ̲סЦ˵ʲôţСЩɡ
RҲЦˣһʣµ̻ȫˡ
̻ܻԪߣźһƬʣΣ˰ɣ
Ԫòϣ⹬ʦǵգȻͷЩСܱȵϵġ
ÿͷ
R˱˻ԣͷȥǰʵ˵ʲôû塣
ԪƲͷˡ
RЦţҲⲻ⣬̶üͷһ壺ô˵ֶֻ֣ϸϸࡣ
ԪֻúЦ죬ͷվһȻˣֲСˣʱʱ̶̿ůţ
룬ҪջԼ֣Ůܲס˵
Rȴţֻ˵ʱ⸮ˣ˵ʲôŮܲסĻ
ҲˡԪš
֡RͻȻ˵
һ㶣̧ͷȴǰһ˫һţͽ˻
ԪΪǷʲô֢Ҫƿ洫𶯣Ҳź˼˵
Ԫֶǰܸܵõ
һص£ҲãҲ˵㡣˵ĸɩѾѵһأģûһˣԺ󶼲˵ˡ
Ԫһ㶣ǻһʶĪΪʱǼ¸ԼǸ
Ҫ˵÷԰Ǽ£ˡ§ţţЦĹҲҵģ֪첻˼ңȴȫɲԼʵźʵˣҲܻɸΪ񲯣úദྴ
óRһ˲佩Ӳôһ£漴㱻ץ磬Rߡ
Ǻܸˣ
Ԫеҧгݵؽ֣ǲǵڶΪҲԸȢ㣿
һʱе󣺡ҡ
Ȼδ֯Rٶѹ˹Դʹ΢ŵĴ
ܵƬϸܵͣԼĴϣһ̣ԪֻԼԺҲըһƬ貵̻
Ԫѽڵ¶Ҫе̻


57 
ԪӢһʮ, ˲ͷϲ̴Ⱥּ˳ҪԪҫһ, ̧ͷȴֻȪľ, Ѿͷɵվ, ɵʣأ
ȪС㱻¸ˡ
£ԪӢü, ʲôʱôˣҲ㣿ľ
ľЦ㡣
ԪӢһ֣ʲôõȵģ, ȥ˶ˣ
ľţҲһĹˡ
˵ʲôʱ
ľȪͲ֪, 
ǾɵţԪӢ˸첲˶ţҪ˰
ȪһȻȥϣůͣʱ˵ˣͣϡ
ľҲͬǰ, СˣҲȥͣĵطġ
ԪӢһҲ, Ѿͷˡ
ݳ, æվ
ԪӢʣСɻˣ
ͷƬ̾͵ˡ
ԪӢһҲȪ, Լһƿ, ˽ȥ
ԪȻѾڳˣ˳ڣ裬˫Ŀſ, һ, ԪӢҲδ
ˣԪӢȥǰ˻֣ʲôأ
Ԫתת, Ƴûʲôöˡ
ԪӢЦǸʲôȥˣ۵
ԪŲߣȥˡ
ʲôԪӢûôңҲ뿴ԺҪסĵط
ԪôʲôǱ߽ˣжŵģ
ԪӢһҲǣǵҲǣķӣʲôʱȥãҸϳɣ
˵ЦһԪ»Ҳͻˣȥ
ꥣԪӢ˶űԼĵܵСΨԪɿ˳ڣһ˳ӣͷֵ
˳Rһơ
ûԼд˰Ƶһ졪ԪӢҲûᣬǸˣλү
ʱЩ£ԼŴ˵Ʒ㶡
ȤǣĳRһ㶺Ц
ǸˣԪ˻Ц
RԼĲűһ˵Ҿִ֪˻ͦۡ
Ԫһ죬ûΪԼ⡣зȴ˵ͽӣ
RЦøˣ˵Ǹ˶
Ԫ˵ò֪ڿԼǱԼüۣؾһ䣺Ҫ˵²ǸɵӰɡ
RЦˡ
ԪɵƵĿΣRЦˣĨĨ۽ǣ³һǰһ
ڷԪһ
R΢Цˣûǰֻ΢΢ԴƽС
Ԫ˼ֻ˵ǸɵģֻΪྴļҵǧȢΪƫƫ㣿
˵ţԼζƵģ˹ǣȻ㣬ҪģɾͲֹྴôˡ
ԪӢͬҫԼĲͷͷԪƣϸչȥʣʲôأԪ֣Ҫһ仨Ƶġ
ԪЦǰչʾԼƣ˵˵ִǲĺۣ
ԪӢʱԶԶģֻ첲Լеҿû㰡
Ԫ»ȥ˵϶ˣȥǸȿĸͷɡ˵ŰԴȥ
ԪӢҲȥԪ»Դ㣬֪۸ҡ
һʱŤòɿ
ڿռô󣬼ãԪغƶһԣ±ֻЦ
Ԫ˿ΣҹѾ˵ʲôʲôأҲ˵ֻãһطƱһЩ
±Ƕ£էůȴǴʱڡ
ԽҲλҪһүԪ壬پǼľڴ˵Ķֵ飬£䲻ʮڶһȴ˵һ
Ϊ˵ĿԣԽ¶һӳԴþߣһġ
ȵ˽һգȫԪţԪϷ˺˶һأǺǹȥ
˻ԪĸϺһ﹩СȥҲɫׯأ·ҪԵԼһ㡣
һգˡ
ΨԪݣЦ̡ⲻԪԪӢҶƣˣٸǮԪԼỨ裬ҲƴǣֺǺǾȥˣСѾͷҲ֣ЦһԿš
Ԫ»ʱľһ
ǽã鶼áԪ»ԭº󣬷̾Ϣ
ôˣԪЦʣǴίһɨŵԪغơ
ڨڨЦЦԪҲ˵
ˣԪ»Լ㣬ˣΪұִǵ飬΢˵㣬ᱻѵûûΣֳڿϳԿùȡ£ΪڷǰĻҲû˼
Ȼδ˵ԪҲܲµԪ»еġǡָĶ˭
ǵҲءЦŰοԪ»ֳֳǵȥ䲻ϿҲûҪΪǶԿࡣ
ɲǣҲ˵ϣֱһٽ˵Ҳ¸ĸġԪ»˰ۣΪʲôҪҲ붮
һ˵ԪһԪ￴ԪӢỨ裬ǰӣԪ»λŹӡ
Ԫ»Ͻ￴˻أҲѹ˵ǰҾʹȥˣ·Ьӣȡů¯̿˵Ծ죬⾩ĿףٲҪһ
ԪȡЦ˷ǸУҲиȥˡ
Ԫ»Цɬ߲ҶںֻҪһ
ɵӡԪֵıǼ⣬УҪٵꡣһ껪ĹңмĵģߣҲǸ㶨˱˼ң
ҲġԪ»Ԫһ˫峺ҼᶨǴҵȣҲޱˡ
˵ʲôĻأԪӢæͷĺһѣͳԪе˰ɣ
ԪԪ»һۣ˴һЦ˻ⰴ¡
⾩ͬеģоRľͿҪˣʱ޸ɫľϵرˣֲڡ
ԪͬһЦʱˣһһһ˵ߡ
԰һˣԪ»ɻ󣬡ҲŹʱҲûп˺õİ
Цⲻ԰ġ
ǣԪ»;øˣǴĶģ
һۣЦѽǾ´ģ˵ǽһСˣС档
ӴԭǾ͵ѽԪ»ʼЦˣ֮زز仪֮ڹ飬˼ҡλҪȲӭȢǼҴСˡ˵Ц
˶ЦΨԪӢƲ죬мң֦һѣֲֵǮ
ԲӡԪ»ֵ׻˵ǧͶëءһֵǮͷ̺⣬ɲǮܹġ
ԪӢˣʲô
ԪһΣŶ˵ͷȥѰƿӲɡ˶٣ֲ˾䣬ͷ鰸ϡ


58 
׿ԭʮֲ, RͻһҲŵ齻ȥþµȴҪȵ
ֱһʼնϳ
ô, ϲ𣿡Rһɽʯ, Сࡪһ, ʱ, һ, һ߳Ȼ, Ҫ»һҲա
׿ش¿ǻ˵ЦԪСլһӣνȥ, ȻڶŴͽ֦Ѿˡ
RһҲǣƳŵĶ, ʣõʲô
׿, ԪСһ̳ӾƳ˵ԽݳǴؾ, һֱԺеһ¡ռȵ˵µĻ, Ҳýҿֻȥ̳ӾƳǻ񡣡
ѧ˵һֱͨԹ, ˼ҹＸ֦, һ̳ӾƣһȣδҲ̫Сˡ
˵Ԫ͵ľ, Rʹʯͷ̳Ӿƣ̳ŵĺֽɷ֣ԽʱҲ˾ƣ˵Ǻþơ
㶮ʲôЦ׿Ի֦˱Լֱһ׮̸ЦŽֽ̳׿ߣҲȥһٸ
Ҫ׿˾̳Ӳ⡣
RЦõľƣȻҪȵٿˡ˵ֶ׿¶ǧСʮһ֪ˣǶᱳ͵ڳ
룬ֲ˾䣺ĸҲߣ
ƾٿԻδ׳ԽСòμӿƾ;˷ȴҪӦȥһλǱŹ٣ʮٳȥٵġ
ˣǱףһ·˳ɡԪЦ̻ݣµĲݣһ·ȥҲãѵ뾩һأԺһˡ
׳ȸԾ˵ǡЦһغˣʲôҪģҸǴ
ԪӢЦ㻹ҪǣȻǼźõĶǴˡ
ǾǡԪ»
׳ͷǺðɣҾԼˡ
ԪӢЦĲǿɲҪġ
׳һʱַѡ
Ԫȥˣˣʲôöûġֳ׳˵Ҳȥɣ·Լģ˶ҲŻؼҵ·
ԪӢЦ⻰˵ء
˱׳ҲˡȥӰԪ̾Ҳ°
ԪӢڼǳһɡ
תͱԪͷ
׳ĴûãԪҲͻˣһ˼գ˻ˡ
˶۲ѣԪϷ˸˲ƷֽǺźš
Ψ̫̫ϲΪ⣬˵ȥԣŪսɱһ㣬ôҪ
ԪǡĵȻģԪҲһĸףײۡ
գԪϷͻ£˸ϰŮŮҲǽȥ̤ࡣվ͵ˣǰŮ캮һƣù緹Ъˡ
ΨԪӢ˻о񣬺ݳȥŷݡ
ԪһݣԪӢӥȴôҲɲȥӥɲ㣡ȥֻӷݡ
ԪĺҲֻСһֻ˲ת˵ףȴûϵסģҡҡڰڣڿת˼ȥ
ԪҲöţȻԪο˵ֻǷ˻ȴϣֻֻģҲҪȥ
Ԫ޷ֻý÷ѩľһȥ
첻ǻԪȵļͲԼȥˣ橻ȴһһó
ôˣԪʵأ˶֡
Ԫһ񣬲Ҫˡ÷ѩŰοֻľ˵ˣ䵽λŹСԶԶƼǹȥˣŲ֪ļҵĻǰˣȻͽȥ˺ˡľҲͨ죬С˵˵̫
ԭŹλˡԪˣֻǽҲ£˽֪϶ÿ
룬οԪˣǷŻǲȥƽϡݻأֻݸԪᡣ
Ԫ᱾Щ鲻ԸֻСĴûһҲͿˡ
ȥԪӢЦһǼҲ̫ЩȥôˣǰСۡƳԪ㵹Ǵ󷽣˼ƽϡ
Ԫ֪ڼԼҲֻǼƽˣǲݣͳһˣ
ԪӢһΪȥǼƽϣǾͻ߿һ𣿡
Ԫ񾯸ɲ˽ȥ鷳̫̫֪ˣȡ
ԪӢƲͷȥֻ
Ԫ֪ӣȴݺ˵һ٣汣׼ЩʲôϾΪżǵһձ׷Խݳһ֣˴˿ͷŹŰݵ
ԪӢҲϵ˵̣һ䣬תǱȥȥûžܿˡ
Ԫֻһͽӿˡأһ죬ͷʱRƥߴǰ
ӴļҵСӣòôһ˵㱾һͬδϣӸ¸Ц˵
ԪԪӢ˱Ť˿̼ƤЦĳRһһϷһתҪߡ
ȵȣRҪߣϽ
ôˣôˣRǣϵ࣬ϸʵ
Ԫǲ˵
ôĬ˼Ԫվס˽šת˳Rһ°ͣҪҪһ
Rʵôֲ
ͬ⣬ԪԶ֣ȥѰѩǣ
ĴӦȥˡ
ûãľǣһƥͨѩ׵ĿˡR˶̲ס̾Ư
ԪӹֵӸ¿˳R߲ߣʡ
RδͬŮӱȹһʱҲȤĺһͷš
ԪԽ̵ģ˵ѰˣǾЩҲһܵùοƥԣԪϳģϣԪָʾܽR˲Զ
RԭΪͬԼģڼһ˲ܳȥԶȻҲˣһ׷ȥ
һһף۳ƽ̹ݳϣʱ˵۹⡣ŹҲ⡣
һǧС㣬ͷҰǶˡƲм
ޱû˵ȴ׷ˡ
ջԪӮϣRһִ˾ͷ
סת˳RЦΣ¿ɷ䣿
Rһ֣Сĺ
˳RΣЦ
RЦĪôˣǰȴЦˣŮ˵˼֡
Ԫû˵ԽRԶԶϡ
RҲöͷʱͼһϮѣٸǲԪԪӢ˭
Ԫ˵л£ȻãҪˡ
R֪ΪҪлԼǻ泩ûʲôСһ׮ֵһᡣ̧״
ԪúЦˣҲԵɣԼͽӹñӴˡ
ԪӢһ׷ǣ˵Ҳ̫˼ˣҲҡָۣɫοҺҵĺܵ÷ɿ졣
Rˣü֡
ȡģԪӢǳϡ
ȷϡR룬׵ľͽаѩľͽк棿ףֱܹˣ
µƥԪ֡
ҿͽкڶɣԪӢһ֣ʮִ
R


59 
ǵİ񵥷˳
Ű, ֻԪӢԪ»ȥˣڼ, ˵Ц, ȴú, Ĳ, һ˫˫۾Ժſ, 
ȴ, ڿԪӢˡ˲ϲƬ̣ƼԴʱﲻ
𣿡ԪӢһӣͱΧסʡ
ԪӢ˿ˣ̾˿, ҡҡͷ
ҲȸԾһģ˲͵ͳȥ
ƴ˵, ٴʵһûУ
ԪӢǿ˹, ˵ûУҼû, ҸҲû, ˡ
ƵһʱҰףۿžҪˣ½ǣţ, ҵûȥˡ˵žҪߡ
Ҳû, ֻײײȥˡԪԪԪӢ˱Ҳ׷˳ȥ
ԪԪӢһѲˮʵ绹ã
ԪӢ˲ȥ, ǣüҲ˹ˣһ㲻ÿϧŶԼ
Ԫ֪Ԫ״̬ãЦǡʲô˼ңȥƾ٣ԭûг·ȥģȥأûҲûʲôбĳ·ҪûжѰٻģҲžء
ԪӢָ⻰ҪǸЩˣƻ̻㡣
Ѿҳһ࣬ﻹ˵Ԫ˰ۣһ£ʣأǸһȥˣ
ԪӢ˰֣ˣԸġ
Ԫ룬̽ʵǼѣеģ˵ижģĲĺá
ԪӢԴ˺һ󣬻ҡͷϺҲûˣҼǲˡ
ԪӢ䲻飬ԺȴǼõģ˵ֻλŹӣ˷ҲġԪɵøпΣǶǲ˵İ
ҹԪװһԪԺȥѰ轣һ׽꣬ſճԪ
Ҿ֪Ԫ彫ѾͷԼëһأ˵ñ˵Сˣϼ
Сӻ£¹⣬еȤ
ԪΪ˾ƣһٵһ˵ӻӰѵֻϧڼûӻҲû˵ӣˣơ
Ԫҡ˾ƱЦӻˣӻףǸѾͷͺô𣿡
ԪЦΪ㻹ǵá
ԪҲЦˣһھơ
Ԫ忡һ˵磬ﻹеѹİɡ
Ԫ̧ۿָָ̧Ʋ˵ơ
ԪҲͲ˵ˣ¾Ʊʵ㣬Ǹ뻪飬֪İɣ
Ԫ岻žƱһ٣̶ЦˣҲ㶼ˣиѾ֪ˡ
ԪҲĨǣֱʵҲͲ˵ˣֻ㣬Ǹֵûиˣ
ԪһЦˣʵûơ
Ԫ¶ɻ˵ʲôи˵飿˻һʵǿԼ˵ȢҲǷ򸾶ͬͬ壬໥֡һֻһӾˣҪȥġ
˵ԽпţͱָˣԼЩʲôɡ
ԪúЦĪǸɵģֻ֪ƷΣǷˡ߶߶ģ˵ôһͨ𣿡
ԪվЦ⻰ɾʴˡΣֻҪϲҲûʲô˵ġ
ֵ£ҡͷԵ¡ӲĸԸ֡
Ԫҡͷˡ
µԣʥյ˽Ƶ״Ԫۡ̽ν֣⣬ò֡ж˼ҶЩſҪ֮Ϊ׼ңǲᡣ
ЩԪȴûȥᣬʥϵּϾ̫ƽʱɧű߾ʥּٶפء
ԪĸԭǸøȥģԪĻڽ鶼ҪҲɵŮ޺£һʱʰװ˲¡
ͱףҲҪرˡʱͬգԪĴԪ³УӧҪһϣӪ
̫̫ǲᣬԪ³ȴûһμ̳ԽһλΪ֣ҲԪӵܺù򣬵׻Ǹһˡ
ͱԪ³еǰһգԪĸ׵㿴пⷿһ룬ĸ׺̾Թء
Ԫ֣⻰ʲô˼
׷ЦЦѾ꣬˵ԽľλΣøϮ˵ġ£ǻˣʥҲûǸ˼ǰ˵Թġ
Ԫ˵ûǸ˼
׷һۣζɵѾͷǻġ
Ӱ׷˷ľ͸˹ͶһƧѾͷ˵С㣬ܹǱ˹˵ҪСһ档
ңԪپ֣ûϵֻ֪һ򶼻㰲ȣֻ˵δȥμӿƿʱҲЩֻ֣ĻˣҲûȥ
ĻסǴСԺ䣬ʱֵգԺлľʢ֮⡣Ԫͣľʹˡ
ԪС㡣Ҿ
ԪһأͬϴμʱǱģһ䲻£ȴϴøɸɾϹ˺룬ͷ𣬿ΪԪаֲõῴúʰһҲǸѹӡ
ν£Ԫżɽʵ
Ҳϰ̬ȣҲѣֻЦԪСҲΪģֻҾͿҪˣһھҲûҪģԪС㣬һҵȥҲ˵һ
ξˣԪһ㶣漴ֿ˿֫ڻɡ
Ҳó˻Ӹ첲ЦԪСҲؾ⣬Ծ;˼飬Ӿ˵Ц俴Ҳȭġ
ԪüԭûȥμӽĴǣѾ⣬Ҫξȥˡ
ǡ˵ţԪһݣĳһȥԵˣĳڴףԸԪС³ɣ˳졣
˴Ԫ֪ΪΣǧпߣҲֻһ̾Ϣ
ɻʲôҪҴһλ𣿡ʡ
Ȼ˵˭Цҡҡͷ֪úܺã޶ϱǢûʲôڸõˣֻǴδʶɡ
ԪۣԼҲЦˣҲǣˣͶౣذɡ˵գתҪߡ
ȵȡȴסҴ˷Сֻ˵Щġ˵ţͳһֽţ
С֮ĳΪݹңҲһլԺ˵ЦҲ֪һСԺ䣬Сʵ㲻ʲôҲֻЩˡСǲӣ¡
Ԫзûӣֻʵסˣȥľˣ
Цʴ֣־ľ͸еģϾɳۣмܻأСţû˵ɡ
Ԫûٶ˵ֻľ˰ɡ
Լķķ·ɣɸ첲ܣЦԺĻݣСˡ
Ԫߵҷʲôģתͷȥ׬֬Ǯ
ЦЦҲá
Ԫתſȥֻǻδűߣվͷ˻ԭصģ˵ܹӣϣһټһ졣
΢΢Цϣˡ


60 
Ԫصʱ, ÿɩϵѾŷЦɵ, ⲻͻˡ
Ԫһ, ԭԪ³԰̨ϱС, ֵܽǹȥСáվҪ, һٶ, Ҳ֮С
̨ʱ, ˶Ѿˡ
ˣԷһԪӢţȥơ
ԪҲƴǣ͸ˡ
ãԪӢƽе
Ԫ³ЦùȻŮкܣһ㲻Ť, ԪҵŮ
ԪЦ¡
Ԫ³лһܣֵܽѵһ, ˶ȫ, Ҳп
ǳӣ丸׹, г۰, δȱʳȢӣҲδ˺󡣴˷ͶǺ˼ǹģһ, Ҫͷزɡ
һȥ, ɽˮֻءԪ˾Ʊ˵
Ԫ³ж˾Ʊڼ, չ̫̫̫̫ǣҲҪù飬ض
缪ԡԪЦţоơ
Ԫ³ֵһһֱͿҪ˵Ԫº˵ܡ
ԪºԺ˾Ʊģһ鷳ġ
֪֮Ԫ³еǲ˵ʲôˣֻЦž¾ƱԼ
¶СĵܵǺǣСԪ˲Ųʮ꣬÷۾ƣҲˡ
Ԫ³ֵһԪⱭƣһġûڽΪֵȴҪԶУʵڲӦ
Ԫֻҡҡͷ
Ԫ³ּ˵ߣ˹ĹپˣöտС
˼ԪǲףһһӦˡ
Ԫ³һƣתԪӢ
ӢӣôЩ꣬ȴûֳΣ㶪ʵںա
ԪӢɫ
֪ܻԹҺĸףҪˣĸ׺ɩɩֶŮһҪƤտտǡԪ³˵ϣٱ
ԪӢǹһЦĵǺðš
Ԫ³һ͡
ˣһ֣Լˣǲ˵ҸģҲһֲٵġ
Ԫ³ǿЦǾͶлˡ
ԪӢԪķС
Ϩƺǲ˴ϣԪȥ˯ţ
ԪӢһ
ԪȻ֪ЩʲôȥűӣԪӢıο˯ɣ˯һͺˡ
µйʺŹƷҪһսȥػʺǧһʺǸ⿪ȥ빬δǧСģҲһ빬
ּ⣬б㴫˵ǻʺҪ࿴Ůλү䶼Ȣ׻ףδĪʥ̫ӵͷ˷ΪδĶ׼
ͷЩδŮ˼ңǴʮֵľҪǰͷ
ԪӢԴ֮ԱǣǶΣ˵ҲͻǸ檡ô̫ӵ檾ͲˣҲ檣
Ԫ»Ц˵ʱʺ￴ˣҲ
ԪӢһɴһɱҵˡ
˵Ц֣ԪһתͷȴԪǱ˿ӳ
ʲôأЦʡ
Ԫرһ漴Цûûʲôϸǿӣ૵ǿӡ
ԪϾģΪ³ױƵġԪϲý󷽵ضϲûȥѴ
ԪظϽ֣ĶҪǽŰɡ
ԪЦأһƥȥɡ
ƥԪػȥ
ʮּ֣ԪҲˡЦɬл㡣
Ԫϱ˱ȣЦ˵۷ɫ㡣
˵Ԫ˼ˡ
˽һգԽҲ⣬ԪϷˣСǣһһ˽ȥ
̫ڣȹػʺǧȥ̫밲ٻػʺķǵȲ죬ֻϯʼ
ڣʺ¾Ŵңù˸λǧС㣬԰ȥ档
ֻϧʱ򣬻ܵòˡʺЦ
˵ﻰŹҲЦ԰ݣǿء
Ҳ͡
ԪӷǵûϼԶͼһСڼ·̽ͷ̽ԵģʱЦǰԪС㰲ҼҵСȥƷ
ԪЩ죬һʱȴ벻Ķ
СڼȴǻϽū˼ġ
ԭǳRˡ
ԪӢһЦŽãҪˣƫˡ
˵§Ԫĸ첲ֳСڼ̧°˵һȥҵ£ԪСÿա
ӴҵС㣬ʹáСڼһ
Ԫ»ԪӢ㵷ʲôҡԪЦȥɣе¾õˡһֽѵԪӢˡ
СڼĨ˰ѶͷԪЦСɡ
Ԫ˼ȥ˳ʵôƺ
СڼϽңСū澹پͺá
ԪЦӦٹ
ֻҲûϼ˺һȡ
ԪվͷȴνҲˡһʱղƺЩ⹬Ļʳͦθڵġ
˼ˡνƼ٣б˼ƽϣЦòˡ
ٸϽ˵ĶĻֻǵǧԪСˣ˼ȥƷ
ƷνЦǵ¶Բյǵ⣬˼˵Ʒ
ǳЦҲЦˣǰ˵ЦȻǱȲˡ
ƨҲûáνһԪ˵ƭҪȥ֡
ùһŶ嵽һȥˡ
ȵ˼һνҲˣRԭЦŵһʱ
ôҲˣſھʵ
νü󵨣ô˵ҲĳҲҲͰˣƺϻ񡣡
RۣǲǸøȣ
νһ֣ǵҲأãˡ
Rһۡ
νȴָǣ˵˵ǣϾҪɻˣҪ壿칬ô˫۾ţǻؼ棬Һһǣ˹֪ˣһ˵ҲиڳܺЩ
ˣԪ˵ǡ
νЦһ㻹˼˵һ̳Ӵĸλ¶ȥ﷭һˣҲûţ֪ȥˡбۿ˳R
RҪô׾ͱǸ˳һ˼վ
ԪνԼͬ˼

ȡЦţǰĹִҴҽˣRߣ˵˼ʲôԪͼRɫ˱䣬
ôˣʲô𣿡νüͷһ壬ʵ
RֻԪ΢΢һͷ˵óˡ


61 
˼ǵ, һĹԪżŲͿ, һӾߵˡ
ֻһǵ, ϵ, żֵ˼в, ҲϾȥ˼, ֻҴȥѰԼҪԵɡ
ֻǻδԪ, ԪůڴһŭĸƾʲôһҪԪǸСⲻǣҲˣԪҶ̳ʲôŮһĹ߻ṴˣҪ˵ǾһѺ꾫תģ
Ԫ÷, ƵĿ
һʱͷ˺ֹס
ԪνһۣеĲ˼֡
㡣
, ǡԪ»ȿǡ
楡Ԫ»ν, Ҫ
ˡν񼱵ôһ£أ
ԪҲż˼, СҲֻ˵԰ǱߴϢ, ԪСˮˣоΣҲ
Ԫ»һȥԪӢҲ, ΧŷϼԪϷ˺ͼλ, ϶ÿ
ǿνǶҪ楼
νϽ, ˣʣ⾿ôһ£
ԪϷ̾ϢһŹ˵ʵڲҲ˵ֻǣҲʵǶ˰˼ҡͷ
ԪԪأСˮεغأȥ
ȴһǰͷ˵ҪѾͷҪȥ巵ܼˡ
Ԫһ巵ʥճڣĳȥڹǣǺɣѰԱҵŮνȥ
ԹҪ˼գǼҾҪλˡ
ס죡ԪϷͨ죬ֻܶԶԶأҲֻ̫Сϱ졣
ϻίˣȥӼ۽ǡ
Ԫͷ
Ԫ»ȥһ࣬˵֪ǰ԰ȥұһģͣͣҲɢˡ
ұͬӢһֻܣƵأͷ˳Ӣ˵ĺӻ£ǲҪԴˣȥ
˭֪ǲŵϣͷͬС˳ͻģǼѾͷǸ챿ģҲ֪ôײС㣬ҺͰӢƲȥҪȥ
ֻǻδȥ֪ģ˻žһ죬ضˮˡҺͰӢˣҲʱڼ౨ʥϵҶŵùһƬֻʣضˮ
ӢˮΣסʥлˮڼ࣬ʥϵȥض
Ȼ֪ôģʥֻض仰ǸеԶʵ˵ЩʲôСֱ˼䣬ʥ϶գͽ˸ض巵ˣǲڼСطǵ˵ʥǰʧǣлʺ̵
Ǻڣ֪ҵʱͲŰӢģȥضˡԪ»˵Ȧˡ
ԪĿɿڴǼǵȥοԪ»㲻ɣ𡣡
һνҲǴס˵ʥһʱĸŮ٣Ҳǳе£µŮ巵δš죬վʲôû˵
һ־磬úõĻʺ磬Ʋҵʳ֪ζֻԪҵ˶̧ͷԪҲʺָɣô
ϯԪϷ˼Ů죬ҪȥһЩ˼Ҫˡ
ԪԷĸϳһתͿֹˡ
ū澸ԪϷˡλˡС밲
ԪϷ˴ӳ￴ǵ˼ڼ࣬Цٹ𡣡
Цū澶Ϸ˵ĳʵǵ»м仰ҪС˵
ԪϷ˲Ԫص飬ϴʹ죬˵ǾҪԪ˵Ҳ֪˵Ǹǻֻϸϸ˼¡תԪֻȥż
ԪӦǣˡ
R͵ڲԶһƽʱûʲôһԺҲ˴һҰ
¡˹ٵ棬Ԫǽȫˡ
ʶȥˣ˳ģֻСԼһ˵
ԪûRЩ˼˵ԪԪأ׻һã飬ԳRģ䣬λǳRס
ȵȡͻȻԺһ飬Rףʶȥ˳RڶԼߵһ˲䣬·Ҳе㲻˼Ƶģƫͷ
ԭίҶѾ˵ˡ̧ԼıǼ⣬˵ԺɾеˣЦã㻹񡣡
ԪʱһܺЦ
ĲãRΪΪԼƽҪȰ˵䣬ȴ˵һ֮ӵŮϷŹڻʺǧ֮յڴ˻ȥ𣿡
R˵ⷬһﲢûˣǰס죬ǵˣ֪Լղ˵Щ䶼ɱͷĴ𣿡
ԪȻ֪ͬʱҲЩ˵Rʵڲʲô
ÿ˳R֣б۵ôó˽ˣ
RͲˣˣ⻰˵˵ҲͰˣڶɡΪεЦǳ飬ȴǶӡʲô
ԪҲ˵ЩΪ˳һŭҲˣҲɽˣ̧ͷR۵Сۡ
RôҲһֵܼҲ˵ģӵԪ棬ȴƫһҲûˡ
ԪԿ˰ΣڳסҪûʲô˵ҿɾҪˣﶼڵء
˵ҪߣRһ־סĸ첲˳ƽǰһ
Ԫûһۼž˹ȥ鼱֮£ֵ̧ǰ
̧ͷŭĿԶԡ
Rȴøûʲô߶ѡЦ
ͽӡԪ˵ţҪȥ
Rȴ֣һֻֻȥ׽Լǰ֣Цǣǵͽӣ˭λСòֶأ
ԪһүҲѧоСһ컬ࡣ
˵Rմմϲ
Ԫɱ̫ʦҪˡ
RЦţǸȤˡ
ˣԪˣʱ治ˣҪȥˡһ˶Ԫأɲֳʲôץס˰ѱǲˡ
R˵öԣֻ᲻ãżã
룬˵Ѿˣ֪ϲľ˺ЩԽС԰ģ㽨Ժӡ
Ԫû뵽ģһʱ֪˵ʲôźãǿǣлˡ죬ôһ
RֹЦţȥߣ˵ģǳףлҵʱ򣬻ء
Ԫһȣһ־ƿ˵ʲôأ
Rһ̯֣ҿû˵ʲôȥԪ㣬СԴЩʲôأԪĶͷЦ
Ԫӿ֣ˡ
سRûȥͬʱ˵İɣ⹬⼸һע˿ŵġԪĸڣ¶㲻ʲôġ
ԪʵҲ֪ΪԪظеϧһֵഺ껪ŮңȴƫƫҪίһԼ׵ˣǸһ֮ҲÿϧһͣҪһǽˡ
컯Ūˡп


62 
ʺ, ԪϷһұ˵ϲã˳̫ҽˣֻ˵Ƿͷ, ճץҩҩᡣ
ԪϷһ, ͵ҵ̫̫Ͼ͸ˡ˵Ԫصĸ, ¶, ҲѲ˸ϵ, ȴʮ̹Ȼ, ԪصĸһԺѾϱӵ棬һͨ
˵̫̫ʴȣĶŮϹ, ɸˣ˭֪ĹŮ, ֪, ͸ñǺ, ҲȽճĳúá
һͨ, ԪϷҲֻ֪ȥ
ϢݣһԪ׺ƣҲǲ, ⸮˾Ͷ΢, ¶һǲôˣΨԪ, û۹
Ҳ֪ضˡͷŪ˿УЩǡ
ԪӢһ̿ѣûλߣôҲúúôһɡ
˶٣ƵĽеĿһӣʵ϶ͷ»ɰضܳõɣǲϲˣҲ
ԪǰֱԪû֣תˣ֪Դ¶ҲԪصĴҲ֪ˡ
ٵȵȰɣԪ˴һ̰ŽģҪ꣬ӦþҪּˡ
⼸ճ֮ҲһƬӣΪŻʺϵ飬Ƕ飬ԵףҲгƺʥϼ£ΪöӸԤߣı߶վֻȥȴʼûʥٳ
飬ԽŮֻ֮飬ҲһͨЦ
ҶԪĸ£һ֮ս
˼죬巵վּԽСԪΪˣͷšᡱ
ּһ˵пɣԪˣᡯô£Ӧҵ𣿡Ĺʵ
Ԫ˶ЦˣҲ̫ԸˣҪ֣
˵ԪˣҲҪˣҪ֣
ԪӢȥ˵ӽ㶼Ҫаˣа׿ɺã׶ס
ԪȭͷҪȥ
ԪԪӢ˵ǰԪֻðοСã˵Ǹţ޹ءʥøᡯ֣˶٣ЦǾĽˣŴ͵İɡ
Ԫỹǲʥ̫Ӧˣ
ԪӢɿ𣺡ɲǣ̫Ӧˣ
Ԫ鴷һء
һԽ൱֣ǹ˵飬Ҷڲ£ͷҲǵ͵£Ƿǡ
Ψ̫̫볣òͬǰԪظﶪˣɿŹͳĸǣȴĥţһʼʣԪصѾǹ·Ĺˣô˵Ҳǹ˵ĸףڸδֱͦЩ
ֹԪصֳԪº裬ɩɩ壬˵ҲҪЩԪºͷͺѳԾʱ˺ţԹԾӡ
˶ʼţԪϵӵĴǰ̾ǰˣʱӿС㣬ѾʼФйˡ
ԭȶƵ£׷˿ڣȴλ̫̫Ͷ񣬱˵¶
ǡ׳Ӧ̽׻һǣĸױһˣһ˹
ҲÿգСסգһˡ
ԪòһģǷأĥţúú룬Ƿ޳ȥʲôֻȥտһԺݾͺá
Ǳ˵˰ĻӦתͷһ˿ɺãָԼſˡǺǺЦǰ˻ӣַʲôأ
ԪЦˣӦôιû˳һŻؾҲĸ
˼ֻţپƣ֪ҲǸƺ«ٲģĸͬĸ;ĸ˵ͽΪʵΪָģҲͲˡ
ˣ̾˷ͲýӦȥ˵ǶߵķݣԸˡ
ŶԪ棬ǰ¶
Ҫǰ¶ˡ˵üǲ֪λӦϼҴŮҪշûҵ
ʲô˶ˣ£
Ȼ⼸ΪҪסΪǸСӡ˵û
ԪȴЦ˸˷٣̬ǰʱûʲô
Цûˣ㻹ЦóҪ˶ãǵ˶Ҫ˵Ԫ׼εò֪ˣǰͷųһˣδȢ޾Ҫ檵֮ӡ
⻰˵üûӣȻ˿ڣʶԡס죬ڨڨһЦҲǹҪ˵ġ
Ƕ׵ģֻЦһЦҲˣ˭ʵأ
Ԫ»һ˼죬˵˼δȢǰȷˣҲеģֻеòףһŮַˣ˭ὫԼŮ޹ȥ
ͷô˵ϧ֪ǺӵԻҩһ˼ҪǸŮԴȢޣͰˡ˵ˣ
ԪӢЦʣŮ֣
ǰ˰ۣ˵δʱͱˣҲ֪˭ʦʱԱһӻãȡô֡
Ԫ˸֦ԣЦм˼
һָۣĿڵʵǸ֡
ûԪӢȻЦһء
ΪƵĻ£ո飬ǽ׳ͷβһأ˵ƣͻּң˵컨׹ǹýҪʰ·硣
ĸŮ£˭ܿǴʲô˼׹ĸȴֻӦ˼ʼûŮ¡
ԭǿԪģֻǸĸԪϷʱԪϷ˺ԥ͸ͷԪӢ
ȻԪӢĸϲԪӢ׻ǳŮСڶ̫̫ߣƢԽĸͬؾЩʱҲˣѣСķ緶ڵģΪȢԪӢϼףҲϳ֮ѡ
ƣδ⺢ӷڿѡСĸŮƵƵ׳⣬ҲֻӣԻȥˡ
˼ˣҲ³λ̫̫Ըҽףʹ˷ͬˣϻһɴ໽ƳҪ׷˿ͷлǰ͵ĺӡ
׹ĸԭǸƢ֮ˣ˲ģһ㽫׳ŮҪҪ뷿һ£һһʮȫ˵ˡ
ĩˣЦ֪̫̫£Ȱ˵ҶȢ檣̫̫ؽҶ檣ȢҹŮţ
⻰˵úò˻ӦԪϷ˾ӣ˵ĶЩʲôһ˵һǲѾƻȥ䡣
׹ĸ֪ʧԣȴҲϲ֪ôסԪҵӣ׼ҵˣ㵽һͷǰɡҲһ
˲Լǳ׷һӦһҲͨ죬ҲǣҲǣΡ
ίĻˣһŮңΪԼ׶˳·ˮƵģûͣû޵ȥ
һңԪɵ÷̾ⶼʲô¶


63 
׳ΪŮһ, ԹҾͱԺУſ˸ĻԺһһ첲ֵľ, Ƶ
Ǹ, ʰһСԺ, ׳ϱһ, ¡
׹ĸԪϷȥ, ԪϷ˻, ̫ҽо˳Ŷ̫̫ǸիģЩ飻̫̫ϵԸ棬ԪϷ˽ټļңҲ벻, ָ˶̫̫ǰȥ
Ʒ֪һȰȴС˸, ̫̫, ﲻ̫̫ƷһҲǣͷſˡҲʲô, Լá
׷Ҳͽ, ԪԪӢڼвסҲһˡ
Ԫδλ֣һԺȥˣǳһ, ڵ׳, ݣͷңȫȻǰӵģ, Ǵ·߼˺
׹ĸɸָ֣׷˵ƣ⸱ģ㲻ԲвҸء
ŵĸ˵׳бֻƳһۣһתͷȥ
׹ĸƣʲôӣ
׷ֻЦЦҲȥ˵׳ֻ׹ĸЦģҪˣʱ𻯶ȥ
׹ĸ޵ڵˡ
˵׷׹ĸ˵ϸϸһ׳û˵ʲôֳԺӡ
ôȰȰ磿ԪӢʵ
׹ĸҲһʡ
׷ֻȥλ
ŮﱻһСԺ͸ҹܣҲѰ
Ҳǹ֣⼸գŮȲܣҲѰÿձã죬żһ֧С˵ͦöġ
Щ͸ˣȴֻƲƲ죬ֲûǼүԵߵģ٬٬²Ǹ꾫
Ԫ˵ʱǡŮڵϷһһԪڳЩʲôҲܲ³ǳԹŮЩ
ͷ͸ǷˣϽӭҲͣãվж磬ȴҲǹؾص˸
ԪһҶüۣӣСһ㣬˵Ǹˣһ˫ˮӣҼ
ɵøпҲԹ׳ΪŮѰٻģһˣֵһֺãѵõġ
ɲѵõģ˵棬׹ĸ˵Ǳֿǻ˴ѵӣŸ
˵Ҳգ治ɫӯӯЦţһԣ·ǲ˵һ㡣
׷䣬Ҳ˭סδɻǵüиĸ֪ʵĻҲһһˣ죬У˵һ˵Ĺ
׷ûжʣˡ
䣬׹ĸн˰׷ʵ㿴Σ
׷ЦҡͷҪ˵¶ûӵˡǸҲˣѡһ˼Ȼ͸ߡǺߣֻ³ⱲӶǺˡ
׹ĸһͨ죺ǲʣһˣ
׷˿ζΪ˼׼үҪӵģ¶δ棬ҲɳӭȢһƽŮΪޡżң۾ƣΪһ°ɡֻǣ˵̾ϢҲ̫ί˺˼ҵĹ
׹ĸ˼ΣҲⲻһ̾
ԪûߣԪӢȻҲûߣǣҲ
ǰŷ˵棬ﶼ˿ӣʣ⼸λС㣬Ȼûʲôˡ£ªȴ·ˡ
Ԫһã˵ùãúܺáֻ̫ȣظһˡ
￴ԪЦλ
һ͸ʲôǷҵֶŮԽĴС㣬δľ
ﲻΪֻԪЦ
ԪҲ⣬Ȥģ
ұ֣ôʶģ
ڷ΢΢ĺ죬֪ǲΪԪ׳ã΢΢ͷƮ⡣
ҽӿ͵ĵһգһģֻãв֮ͽÿÿ¡ڣΪҵ̫֮ӣ鷳
׳ɣɵþü·δֻ˵š
ɴҼãǼ춼ҵó㣬κɢǸĵӣΪ֮ӣɴδڹκμӡ
ⷬԪԪӢˣ˵⼸ɲʶ׳ġ
ֻԼĻӦݲСסǰǷԸһߣΪΪҺڷ絲ꡣұδ߳¥󣬿֮ϵˣһҲûʲô˼һ߿ǰˡ
Եʱһûԥ㲻׸ֻҪʱʱܼڳסéݣҲԸġ
˵ЩʱԪϸϸ˵ΥĻ
飬Ҳ֪Ƕ಻˵ģЦ֪΢ᣬĳҴɵһģȴġλŷ
ջ𣬲ҪԣȴԪȣΪ㣬ͼиĸͬˮҲİ
һ˫۾ģԪ΢΢һЦȴĸˡ
㣡ڵһվָҪ
ԪסֻͷЦӯӯģ°̾˵߰ɡ
Ժ⣬ָ˵Щʲô
Ԫǰһ֦˳һöҶף¶ǵÿ𡣡
תͷҲȥѰ鷳ˣ𲻷֣ǲĵġҿģǳ֣Ҳˡ
Ҳǲ֮ˣԪһ˵Ȼˣ̾˿ֻ¡
ԪĶЦҲ̫ˣֻԼӣҪġ
ḧ˸ЦҪ֪ôͿ˾ˣҲҪˡ
һһֱûûῪڵԪӢ͵ɶʲôɣСˣǶ䶼ûУ
ֺ˵ˡЦĴһ¡
˵Цţ̧ͷͼ׷ߵ篼Ҵҹˣǣ˸ǰһ󣬱㽹Ԫ˵С㣬˴˵ǴԽţǲãϷ˽иϽȥء
ԽݼԪפڣ˵ãǱ߾ս½Ԫ׳ʲô£Ҳ˲ٿοˣҴ˱𣬱ԪӢһȥظ


64 
Ԫĸˡ
꿪, ϱߵļСƲӣǰصԪ龩ŮǱ㶯˼, ŽֱԪԽ, ǳЩͷ, ٲϰ, ͼϾݡ
ԪһҹϮܵ, һ֧Ϳ˶Һİ, ֱؿڡҽμʱҺδִұס
ˣԪҲǰߣԺһЩ, ϳǽ
еȻδἰ࣬׷ôЩķ, βԼҷ, Ǳϲǣȡмˡ, Ѳµ˾Ųʮ
˼һҹ, ׷Ԫϸϸһء
ȴŰԽȥӲã˱, ھ, ̫̫ˡ׷üͷ΢˵ж, ͻСҲüЩ棬㸸ǲá
˵ȥ氵Ĩȥ۽ˮ
ԪȻʱ·ϣѾµ˻
ﲻõģܴŵܵǰȥЦдͻҲĸһȥ
⻰ˡ׷ΪѵЦ뾸µĻڽҶھУ޷Ϊͼޣô˵һ£ֻί㡣
ԪЦĸңǴֺίһ˵ĸֻȥߣòģл̫̫ҲйĸٲãŮҲǳصġ
׷˵ⷬԪɵп龰Ŀһգۣˡ
֪㡣׷֣㣬Ҳõϱߵ飬ҶϺãֻܰıޣ뾸ºúùӡ
˵̾ϢǺӣǸõģңҲĵġ
ԪĸͻȻ˵ⷬɵЩϷȣô˵ˣ
׷β˼֣Ц㵱ǸϹģҲǹˡ
̧ȥԪޱߣֻţñãˣҲԼܣԼСӣڡ
˶٣˵ʵڹȥԽݲ㣬ԽݵС԰ﻹţϺһ֮ء
ԪΪжһĵӿϱۣĸ׵ϥǣۣϽ
СŮ̬׷̾Ϣı
׷˶ܿ죬պ˴¡
ԪֵĸܵߣǲᣬҲֻŴֻԶȥװϻֵˣѿ塣
߰ɣȥˡԪӢñϵɴޣ˵
ԪһЦӢ֪Ϊʲô㣬Һûп׽֮ˡ
ԪӢ˿һͬСŲݱСԪ»Ԫ壬Ԫĸ첲˼ۣǿɲĹϵɲܱȵϵġ
ҲֻʱʱԼˡԪݸһЦ
Ԫ»Ԫһòݱƣһ򼣬ͿɰССѼǮ˳ûƣ˼
ԪӢһӣլԺүС㣬ôСҲܽüЦġ
ֻƣǰ˻أߵⶫҲࡣ
Ԫ»Ϊ棺ģұȸġ
ԪӢҲ˿¶ӣһͷһֻһӡۡ
Ԫ»һƾϣôȥǮأ
Ԫ忴úЦշĸĻͶȥԽݣĳ⼸ãһһ̰棬ͷֱҪǸаˡ
ʱҲˣﻹǻȥ緹ءȰ
ԪӢ˿ԼսƷͷˣذɡ
ȻǵתͷԪͿˣһ
ٹԪɻô
ԪӢҲϵʱ⻹˵𣿿϶ǸҲˡ˵ͼҳǸ
ԪȻҲʶٵģЦźǳԪӢ˵
ЦСµòȷҼūǰġתָָԶһ弣ȻŵģǳRˣ
Ԫ忴Ԫʵô˵Ҫȥ
ԪͷŵģֻRֳˣҲûʲôñӵģҲա
ԪҲͷҲá
ԪӢȴһƲ죺ŲǼҪؼȥ緹𣿡
ԪЦϵһ£СС˶ͦǳġ
ԪӢһҲҪȥš
ټĲֻ˳RˣǵӰ˳棬·ӲݡǶޣԭЩɷƵϿͣһ˻ͳһ׻ӣϲЦտͷȥˡ
λǺ£Ȳ迴Ԫ磬ȥЦ
ֳЦţҲҲ
Ԫ岻ҶRֵܣֳ磬ȴǸֵģ׾ȥӶأҲһ˵
˳R⻹λء
ֳЦˣλʲôɲԼҪģһ仰͸Røɸɾ
RҲ²飬ֳһͷ漴ԪǰҲܱûˣֻ˵ȥߡ
Ԫδ𻰣ذ˴ֳЦɱ̫Զȥˡ
Ԫ˼ھĳɵһȡñգ˿塣
ԪӢȴ˱Լãֳ粻ע⣬˰һţǡһֻӽżֳĽϣ۵໵һС
RƵһͬԪЦӣǸŮкܡ
ԪҲǫ飬ȻϾҲġ
R⣬־úЦʱ˶ǫѷ㣬ΪԵá
Ԫߵ˵滰ֺαǫѷҼҰӢɲǸŮкܣһǰ㻤
R֪㲻¶Ȥ˽̣š
ʱѹȣֽʱͷѸߡڰֲ߱һԵиߴͶһƬñܱͷ
˲࣬ͷʱʱװжһȥֻãã棬㣬ԪҵĴֻѲӰ
żڹˣһ¡
ԪԭվųRһ࣬ɵתͷ͸ɴޣɫɣ·˵һϡƽ¡
һЦԼɴޣ⻰ңǻӣүǳףҲ׳ģ
Rڼӯӯһ˫ˮۣǺҲȫ泩
Σһɢүֲ̫ӣЩ˰ͲҲھУԽԽáԳЦ
⻰˵ɣԪϸϸһ룬ͷȴְǧ˿ơ
üͷR֪ʧԣæûȥ깤ľҲֲϣҪȥʲôģϲģҲýȸˡ
Ԫбۿűֹǰ˵㻹ȥأ
RһӵĹӣ
Ԫߺߵ⻰ҿǼˡ
R˸첲Ҳߺţ첲ôգһˡ
ԪԪճ£˭һˣ
RٺЦţˣϾһˣҲ㲻ġ
·һϺŹʵŮվ˵Ůӷ溬һζɵЦĵļҵɵСӣ


65 
µ, Ҳս£ʿ߾һҹ֮ѱƽݡ
ϱ, п, ΨԽ, ؾԪӵ, һʱ֪Ϊһˡ
ԪϷڸеС, ̫̫Ե֪ս, ҲôһӣƵôЩ꣬ͷһزξû, ս£㷲
, ˱ȥԪϷʾ, Ҫȥ踣ի䣬ΪԪ³о
ԪϷ˵ȻӦ, һ굹дʱ䶼ں踣, ΪΪԪϷֻ˶ЩˣԼע, ̫, ȥˡ
£ԪҲͽǰԽϲǲΰ롣
̫̫ҲٰŮ, ҵĴͻ飬ͷһ⣬ò׼ǰа׷ڣֻʣһˣæýͷö
ԪϷ˼鲻ɸӣٲҪԳ
ԪҲĸԽȥֽмгٳֲ֣һ˼ҵŮҪԼַ£һжõĽ˱ƺãֻ迴һۣüãþٸġ
ʱRŵ˵˻ˣһȥЩİֻһ㵽
³ʧأʲо͵Ϯʧأݡ
֪սܣԽ¶ģֻ֪Ԫ³Ρ
һϢ˵Ҳˣֻ˽⣬ʼʰҡ
ս²ƽвҶƾ٣ȼȥ꿪ٽǶԪϷ˵ҲŮˡ
ԪϷоǣȥˡ
ͬԪ𣺡ʵǲߣ˵㼴Ҹͽ޵ġңҲߡӡ
ԪֻǲԼȻҲƾʹ˻ȥֻһȥĸ׾ͻҸ˼ҼˣʱˡһҪߣҲκβãֻȰοơ
ĸ˵Ҳǣ񱱾ս²׼պǸʲôΣս£ǻؼȥҲʧΪϲߡ˵
Ϸ죬ѣ˵ˣĸֳ£ǵСûĸҲͰˣ磬ΪҲ˵ǰɱУҪŸսѲļ磬ʵǶˡ
Ԫõ˿࣬˷ݣԼǵö⣬ĸֻܶԼ֪벻á۾㣬˼͸㣬һζĸ׵Ļ
˵Ц⻰Ǹĸ֪ضҪָҵıˡ
ƸϽֵٲġ
ֻԪԪתơ
֪ҪˣʰЩѣһЩСϴҪĻӣҲһͷˡԪİЦȥɡ
Ȧһ죺㡭
ԪЦţ˵Ķͷôˣ޿ģǸҼҰһ
ǿǧ˼ôûڻֻԪ
ûʲôõóֵĶ㣬ģѡõĲϺ˿ߣ֪ϲӣ˴ͷϿ˵
Ԫˣϸϸ̾Ǻߡ
ֿһֻңȴҲ񣬲ɵЦһֻҵģ
϶Ȼһ죬ͷȥСһֻתү
Ԫһ㶣ƣֿ˻ֻңػȻԭ
֮ͨԪȻʧЦǸɵӣôЩˣûԭǶĽˡ
ϧѽϧ̾һŮӣĽ֮˾ǰҲܳĬ֪
Ԫ壬ȻҲֻ
ãԪӦšԵ޷֣Դɽˮ֮գתһֻңҲǳȫһŮ˼ա
Ҳлл㡣
ֱԪţ糺죬Ůӡ
ĿȥԪһ˲侹ЩĽͼرмˣ
һԪ˯£һ죬ۣͼǰ˸Ӱֻ¶һ۰ףһҪڣͱס죬ĸǶȻһˡ
ڴ˸ס죬ҲûԪϢͷµһذס
ӿҪյǰʱѸ³ذףд⣬ڰѩһ
ȴǺֻ֣΢һ죬ذֻĺɫ棬ȴǼʱȥ
ԪԴҪԷȴȿˣУҡ˵
ϤԪһ٣̶գǸʲô
RЦˣĺڲǡԪȼ˴ͷһյƣĻ⣬ǱƵĲҶÿ죬Ȼ͸ñˡ
˼˵ƤԪǺЦ㲻Ҫˣǲ˷ֺֹǻô򵥣ûˡ
R˺ڲȥϣذףϸ˻˵ûŮӣͷذס
Ԫһذףɷͷ¡
ˣľҹľﵱֵôĶҲûѾͷԪȥһۣѾͷ˫Ŀرգ˯ء
㡭ͷ˳R
RٺЦţӣһѡ
ԪȭͷƾҪ
𣬱𡣡Ͻ״Ԫǲˣɴַ֣ۣ˵ˣɡ
һӢ¸ľ
֪ԪȴôҲȥˣһڣԽȥ˵ƻ
ôָˣRʵ
ԪתͻȻĺڰʱԺֵҹ˿ˣҪ˵
ɷģRЦԺҸ׿ҩˣڶ˯أſֻ׿š
Ԫһʱҭ˺ڡ쵰Űɫûע⣬ݺݾűϲһš
RûʹһԪҵŮӶôϲ˽𣿡ϻڲҲǣֳȥűϿɶһأ͡
Ԫһֻ
׿ſҵֱʹ֣Ǳ˰ɣ˵ҹ˼ҹǧСĹ뷿δŵӣҲʵףװҲܸɵó顣
ڣԪҪµƣȴRס
ǳȥ˵Ϥ˰ɫӼȡ˼£Ϊϡ
׿ȥԺſڣʮֵĲ⣬ԪRЦĻǲףҹҹð
Rıӣ˵úܡ
˵Ϲ
ʱȣҹ䵹е⣬΢죬ͦʡ
ԪΪҪԺ£˭֪ԼָָݶǶȥ
Ԫбۿô˵Ҫȥأ
RЦţ뵹룬ϧûǱ¡
Ԫţݺȥ
RʵҪȥĶ
Ԫ㲻Ҫݶôں档
Rվסţõô鷳
ţԪûüӦͱһ§סŽһɣǰһٶʱѾݶˡ
ԪĿԼ֣𣿡û
RЦأ氡
֪ͻűԪٴ˴ƽط¡
RҲ˹
ָ̧ϣöǡ
Ԫ̧ͷȻǹáе㱣·Ѿܾûǿˡ
һԴRԽݸɽϣҲ㿴ǵġ
ɽԪתͷΡ
ȻȫԼͼԭԼΪĴǴ
Ǹͽӣٴҹ͵ҡ
Rͦ⣺һ͸ԼظˡԪ°ͣΣΪ۹⻹ɣ
Ԫžش֣ͽӣ
RЦţЩ˵ôҶûˣҪ˶ãͽӵˡ
ԪͻȻͻһЦе飺Ųţ͸ȥ
Rɴ־͸ˣҪһ
˵ʲôأԪ˰ۣŤӣͼĸ첲ҷſ
ҲšRԴļϣǼɢ˿Ƶڼ米ϣɢŵ
Ԫ˼ʼѲãɴҲͷ°͸ļϣԶ񷣬ī̵һƬ
ôˣͻȻʵ
Rûͻشĸ첲˽ǼϸĲۣǲԸ𣺡һܲõΡ


66 
ʲôõΣԪʡ
Rڴ, ֻϸϸһأֱ˻ȥ
μ㶪ˡ˵
˵ʱϢԪĲϣȵ, ġסЦ˵෴ġ
RΪڰοԼ, Ҫϼ, ˵ɲ֪㶪ң
Rһ, ͵ĻҲ˵ˡ
ס, ԪЦЦ, ᶪ㣿ĳRıȡЦ㣬бļ, ͲҪءҪôһգҲ޻˵, ֻδҺþۺɢ
ⷬRڶ, зơ֮ľ룬۾, ¶е棺ҵбļ, 㣬ٲҪˡ
ǱŮӶһεͷεĻݡԪȴ̨ѣѲ, , һʱһʱ˭֪أ
ֻЦR֪Ļ, ɴץ֣ԼĿϣ۾ȴʼ
ܵõҵж졣˵ֻʱŻ
ˮǧֻȡһưᶨ˿̲˵ģҲûϵӻһһ֤㿴ġ
Ԫͷ룺ã㲻Ҳأ޷ΪŮѪ
RüҵͲôֻҶˣһİء
ԪһۣǳҪأ
Rǲмˣǹܵ𣿡
ͻ㲻ǽˣ
RؾЦˣҪ㣬ΪһͷӵĻ𣿡
ǺáԪ룬ʣҪǣҰ˱أ
R˲Ҿͽƽݣ棬ң˭Ҳҧ˵
ԽԪ;ԽǺЦ׳һ⣺أ
⻰һʳڣ;óRץԼֶȻʹ첲ۡ
㲻ģȴƽҲ
ɾǲˡԪЦϲ⣬ˣ
Ҳܡһ˿ЦҲޣٴ뻳ţҾǲ
ǺԪЦı˳οãҲԶ㡣
R͵͡šһ޾ίղ˲Ķ䣺˵ҪȻС
ԪЦã
ڶϣݵΪпһҹǺ˯
ֻľЩ֣յƣǷ˴ͷģɽôˣйɡϽ˼鰢ӷ
Ԫ˰ҹû˯Ҳ֪˯߲㣬ģֻһ󷢻š
ϱţ򷢳ȥ̽ϱϢˣһûء˵ûϢõϢܾʲôڷ칷һ㣬ʳ
һˣԽŵƽʣƷѩһɽȥ˶æýŲմأԪ
һﾲĵģľ˷ţ˸ҽ
˵ʲôүʧˣԪ鰸ǰŴӱ̽Ϣİ½裬ǰ㱨
ǣڽվŵĲۣ˵ҲҪزסˣ´˷˲ᣬڣүǰսв֪٣֪ţȥǰ½˵ţ±ǰһ̽ģֻԥš
Ԫüʱˣʲô˵ģ
½Ӧǡ˵ǲ˵нĴ˴αܣ⴮ͨүǻɵĶ֮һ
ʲôԪİ𣬡Ǻôӣ
½豧ȭСϢŭֻģƾʵݣҴүδһж¶ۡ
ԪҲ֪Ӧȣƽȥ
ֻϢǣʥɣֻ¡û˵ֻü˼һأֿ½˵һм£Ҫȥ졣
ԪӢʱԪ»ԪᶼѾˡĨ˰ϵĺЦʲôóԵģ
ԪȴûһͬЦأԪһʱǰ½㱨Ϣһֲ©ȫ˵֪ˡ
ôܣԪӢȷβãҲͨѹǿ
ԪСλֳ㶼ɫѣԼе㱻ŵˣԪ֣ƵԪӢ˵ȱ𼱡
ԪüϢ׼
ԪҸ׵ûмٵġҪգϢ͸ôˡ
Ԫ壬᣺磬ֺܲõԤС
Ԫüͷֻ
Ԫ»ʵ
Ҫߡ
һʱܰϵĻüУת
˵ʲôߣԪӢ಻סվҪȥ
ԪûתԪ»ֿԪ壬˵ȥλŹ˵
Ԫ»Ԫһۣ˴Щʲô
Ƿ̫ЩԪʣһδˡ
Ԫһжˣˡ
һûôأԪ岻ģԪ
Ԫ磬棬㻹ǲòĴˡ
Ҫ˶ãҪ³ˡԪ»ĵʱͳȥ
ԪЦЦ£Ϊ»ܽеȥ𣿡
⡭Ԫ»ס
ԪӢԽԽͿǵ˵Щʲôѽ
֪ԪӢҪ˶ãҪޱ䡣Ѿʰϸϣ˰ᣬȥѰа취ȫ
˶٣ֲں踣УǾ˵ò׼ʱ̽ȥСס·Ҳ
ʾ½Ұ½ǣһ·ͣضȫ
ԪӢǧذת㲻ߣ
ԪЦ߲áˣֻһ߲ˡ
ֻԪˣݸԪӢǾͳǣѾȪȥ̫̫ˡ
ԪӢǰͷѣҲƱӡ
һӣУ㲻ߣұ㲻ߡǳʲô£ҲֻҪһ𡣡
ԪҲŵͷ
ԪЦˣḧԪСԪӢ˵ʱͱˡ
ԪӢߵʲô£̫̫Ҫţ
Ԫ֪ƢӺ԰̫̫ʱʱʵڲЩȥ̼˼ˣĸǸի𲻹µģǵɵӣֻ֪ԾƣżңĴ£Ҳò׼ʱȥ˵Щ׼ҵʧķ迴
ҿɲʧķˡԪӢ
ԪЦţס֣ðӢһء¹ˣлʱˣҾġ
ԪӢҧ촽˼һԪãҾں踣µš
ǣԪ»ĵˣˣʱ齫Ҫ۴ң
ԪĬûǵֻʱûļƻΣ뿪˴
ԸСȴȪŽ
С㣬վظԸС㣬ðС
ȪԪӢһվ˭˵ģҳȥ
ȪվûԪӢ΢΢һЦСҺõ׽һ㣬ұΪһΪСģС׼Ұɡݵ
׼ԪӢŭɶ
ֻδ꣬һ˽վȪ࣬ūҲԸС¡ȴԪ»Ů
㡭Ԫ»ס
ЦСпȥȴһҶƼֱС㡣С£ԵҪΪСǡ
Ԫ»̲ס
ԪֿǸͿ޳һţ·Ǵ˿̡̾˿ⲻɵġ
ҵĿȻֹ
С˵ʲôһ˫ۣʵʲôɣ
ԪȴЦŵģ˵ҵ˼ǣҪǼСȥǶܸжǣȴвͨġ
Ȫ㶿
ֽ͵ǿͰӢͷ¶ģϵǵ˲٣ֻĻҲ١ȥ棬ʱָٿϸ۾ֻ¾ҲõԴ
Ҫô죿
ԪЦ룬ǵСԼͨҲԸǶ
ԪӢͷԪ»Ҳ˵ǡ
ԣԪͷ⻰ԺٲҪˡ
ûԪӢᶨ̬֮ͬôЦ


67 
Ԫ鷿, һӰбơ
Ԫ, üĿ, Ѱȴɾ
Ź, 󿪿, ˵ҶѾ, 룿
Ԫ»˵, ΪԪҴС㣬ҹһƺҲȷˡֻδϵһ λԪС, Լ˵ģȴǾ
Ȼ, ԪҲ֪˵, һЩѰ, һʱزҲ, Ҳ֪Ϊ˵飬Źϸ롣
Ԫ˵ȥܺԪŹࡣ
Ӧ𣿡Ԫ屳, ǰһԾ, д
Ԫû˵Ƕ޷
Ԫ»ԭ, ˶Ҳ˶ãԡ
գԪ»̾˿˵ҶãҪ˵ˣҽ㷽˵ԪұҾǴ֮ߣҲվзյġֽסܻ㡣
˵ŴԴЦֻһ£뿪ֻʲôҲ֪ɻԺȥ飬ƾ٣ոУȢӣףһ˳졣
վһ
æվֻ˵תҪߣǼˣ֮£ɴס֡
Ҵߡѿڶ
Ԫ»һ㶡
˿ڣ˷·Ҳ˵»Ҵߡ
Ԫ»һᣬˢľ͹
㲻㣿¶߿ޱʡ
ип֪λֳͽ㻹鷿̲סҪǰס
Ҽ϶㣬ô;Բٺڡ֣˵
󣬾ԪСС鷿ڣԪԪ棬Ԫ»ǿͷ
ɡԪֿԪ»֪ί㣬Ӽ̧ȥȴҪͶŹһ·Ӷ
Ԫ»۾죬֣㣬ҲǲˣΪҷתĶ¡ֻǣֻĵܡ
ȥɣĵܻءԪ尲ο
ǣ磬Ԫ»ҧ촽˿ԪԪǼ֪ΪλҪھأһߣ
Ԫ忴Ԫ̾һãߵãΪȴ߲õġ
ԪδԣԪ»˵ȥ۷ʲô£ĪҪͷ
˵ֽһｻԪ»ͷαݣţٲ͸¶֡
Ԫ»£㡭
Ԫȥᣬת˵ŹӣͰˣչӡ
֣صͷһģֻҪһգ㶨»ίȥ
Ԫ»ͶţԪԪϣųԶȥǳȻƵƣ̾һƬ
磬˵Ǹֻܱ⼸ˡ
ԪȴΪգѾˡ
ԪһЦ֪¶Ϊʲôû̫̫𣿡
Ԫû𻰡
Դ𣺡Ǹ̫̫ضҪȫǣ浽ʱҵЩǣǶҪ
Ԫ˵Ķʵǵλĸ˵ϴŮһӾ˾ͻ֪˼һǸƫӶһЩ
ͻȻһСûԪЩһס뵽ĿԵλãþɫòֻü䣬İĳ㡣
ĪģԼѾ̫ϵˡ
˼λС㣬Ԫֻ˵ȥ˺踣£ΪҲ˻ɡ
ʮ壬ݱŵĲ۵־һյĹԽͨѹҥԱ㴫龩ǣǻ۴߹ҵԪңָָ㣬ѡ
ԪϷ˵ţһʱ޷ܣѪ赹ȥ̫̫ǲ֪룬ȥ⣬үڲķδѡ
һԪºͬһǸǿиɲõģһֻԪԪվ˳һڣһ˰⣬ûԪš
С㣬ҹˣһ춼ûϢˮҲûһڣóһɡ̣ĵ
Ԫʾ£˵ˣﲻźˣȥ˯ɡ
Сɡļֵ
ԪЦʲôãˣĵطأӲǡ
Ȱ˵ţǸ˵ˡ
ĲųȥԪͼһɫӰӳĴԾ˽ûзһ졣
һصľ飬һԪûٴС֣ûվֻǴȦתӣ̧ͷǰˣԼüͷ΢΢𣺡㻹ҹϮˣ
ǳRˣЦţһղⶼüδˣȻǷ
ǴʡԪһۣ˻ȥ
Rⲽߣ̾˿˵ףǳɲˡ
RһһʵڹʱѾϵĴǻܡ
ûĻӦԪתô죿ģһҲʧˡ
R˷µġ
ʽմŭ˸Ȱſڣͱ̨ˡRšüȻǲЩʲôͨѹĻģֻ̫Σƺ˶ֻ֮²ֹԪңĸҲ׶༪١
ԪţҲˣֹ֪Ρ
Ա𣿡Ԫʡ
RǰһȻ֪ߣҲ
Ԫ˰ۣ
RЦţüȴȾ˳⵱ڣȥ
ԪЦˣʥѾҪԽ˰ɡ鰸ϵһͼϣҲ⼸ˡ
Ҿ͸ˡRܵ»㡣
ԪЦֿʱôֲػأʥϱҪԽҲܵҪĿҪʱ䣬ɳǱȴһҲ󲻵á
ָ˵ͼӾݣǿӱҹͣʮҲ͵ˡԳսľ飬ʮջǿԵġ
תͷ˳R۳лǱҲʵڱȽƾͼƣҿԷʲô
R񣬽֣
û뵽ЦҪȢĲֹλԭǸŮ𡣡
ԪĴȤһ˵ȥݣֻһ¡
R֪ģһ࣬Ѱֳˣʬ
ԪаοԭѾϬһͨĵزˡ
룬ץ˳R֣ĿӯӯˮŶˣһ¡
ʲô£㵫˵޷Rս֣ѵɲô׸ſˡ
Ԫ΢΢һЦ᣺չ˺Լǧ
RֻһůͬյһǰȥץַԼ࣬ġ


68 
¶ʮ, ԪRӡ
ԽڵĽֵϣһλ̿ʹӴ˾ȴټĸۡ, վʮʿ, , ִ, ޱ顣
̿һĲˮǰ, ̯ǰ
̯һյ, ˪Σ㣬ôţ˵ҵĴͨѹء̾ҴС, ˽ճҪ뾸Ϊ, ¿ɺ, ҲûˣϲҪɥ¿̯˵, ҡͷ
̿⻰, ԶԶŸǰյֻпϡ
ԽڣŮ춼ڵļԺƷү, ĹԱҲʮֿ, ϾʥϻδּҪδԪˡ
ֻһʼδıʣԪϷ˵Ĳˣǰ̫ҽ, ͷѰ벻ֻüеҩš
̫̫ϸµòУ§ӣտĩԪүһֱ˲ԺӣµԪү˶ֱҡͷ
ԱͷȻмλС㲻ڸУһʣ֪ں踣£ǰȥ׽á
֪ٱʱ踣ﻹԪҴ˺СǵӰ
ԪϷ˲е֪԰οԪ֣̾Ƿ汣ӣӹһ١
Ԫֻοĵʲô𣬲ˡ
װԪϷ˯£һţԪŵÿճ䡣
̫̫Ҳˣ§ϻ˯Ԫ³֮ϱСŮԪֺͩ˶ɩϵһ˯ȴͷɢһԡ
ԪһۣǰĸһָϣΪķźȫ˾ء
ն̣裬ֵԼŮ棬㲻飬ϴ֡ͳ뺷ݣĶ֣û¾ͱÿ޵һɪɪŮҲ˲ˡ
˿׶֪Ǹģûݵģǽӣιˮ˯
ɩԪ࣬˺ӡ
ޱһͷˣ󣬲ϳϷź죬ﺬᣬԪã˵һټ𣿡
ûͨѹƽƽŮġ
Ԫϧǰοɩҷſģһжûжءɲȵ¡
ҲףǿᣬȥСŮ˯
ҹģһ˿ɫǹ⡣˶˯ˣԪȴ˯ţϣ˼ֺ࣬ʲôû롣
˼ƮƮȴڣöԺǽϸO@һ죬ջ˼˹ȥֻһӰ˹
ԺûеƣҲûԪվֻ˵£ſ壬˾ԪӢ
ԪӢͷЦ
ԪȴǴ󾪣ѾͷҲȥôļƻʱôŰˡ
ԪӢ¶ɫ̾˿ұǰµģֻﲻϣҪҽͩſһߡ
ԪͩǴ̫̫ϵŮ䲻ӣôҲԪ³еѪûˣͩҲΨһˣ⺢ӡ
Ԫ䲻ԪӢģҲ⣬λĸΪִţֻΪ£ԪӢûٱ䡣
ԪӢǿЩʲôЦģôã㿴һⲻҲˣٴһͯҲʲô¡
˵õɣԪ֪ºεգֻһСģǼҪһ˽
Ҳͬ⣬˵һ˽Ǽˣٴϸӣֱǻѱ¶߰ɣϽߣ뿪ǣߵԽԶԽá
ԪӢȴûˣԪεЦзӣǰ㲻˵ûͩڳ⣬ҲŲ֡ұȰҲ϶ҡ
ԪλүһĴĸԭִֻٹִˣҲܻа취ȥʰ
Цҿ̫Щңֱδߡʲôʱˣô˵Ҫȫ˶ȳȥء
ԪӢ⻰֪涯ˣЦŰҪǱ£Ҫ졣˵̾˿Ԫ֣Ͽ˵ˣһ԰ɡ
ԪȻҲԪӢĸ׵ĻǾΣҲҪԪͩˡϣôȥҲ棬Ӧɡ
ϴԪͩ˯ţһԻ˯ϵˡԪŹȥҡϣ˵ǰס졣
ɩ˵
ϵͷſ֣˳ֱ˯ŵԪͩ
ϼ״ҪڣԪֻҡҡͷʾȳ
¶ԪһԪӢʱ¡
ãԪӢĸ첲
ԪӢʾСɩδʣ羿Σ˵֪ҲĪ̫ĹͷԼӡȰο
ͷ
ԪӢԻȡһԪŵԪͩǿǰѬһѬ
Ͽ֣ǣ
ԪӢԪﱧԪͩ˵ɩҽҹð븮Ϊ˽СֶŮǴѪǵñ
һֹӦõģִδŮԼһʱѹǲᣬ޲ܿһƽԹߡ
ԪӢ˺ӣҲٵ飬ֻ˵ҵˣٴȥǻᱻˡ
Ԫͷ
ȴãٱҵĺӡ
˵ÿԪӢҲв̡
Ԫȴϣ˵ˣ߰ɡԪӢҪϽߡ
ףá
ϱһȴǶɩˡԪӢﱧԪͩǼһ飬ٿԪӢҪߣҲ˼֡
ãҲߡȥҪסԪӢһֲԣҪҵȥѡ
Ļ˵꣬ԪӢϾͿϵһ˵ȥ˵ϡ
ŸʲôߣԪԪӢ
Ҫǻ˺ӣԪӢȥԼĺӣԪһֵ·ҲԼĲϡ
ԺжԪӢ֪ٵ鲻ãֻԪҪء
Ԫͷ˺ӣʱ·˳ȥ
ߣԺžͱ˸˿Ϊ׵ĹٲԺˣּλ˵˵ϣɵüôһ£
ŵֱðﻹ˵óԪ˵ǣЦҼҶɩΣɩģ;ŵλˡ
⼸ԽЩүүСǣЩٲҲóµģӺλС㡣
Ϊ׵ĹٲҲͷһЩٹ˵ĸۡˣܸɵŮӣȴټŮλԪҴС㣬־塣
ҲΪѣ֣˳ȥˣδԺϢˡ
ЩٲǶȥˣ˿ۻڵϵϣԪӢȥʱķ磺ֻúҵͩ
ԪҲǸ򣬺죬һ˿


69 
Խĵ, ʥּԽͨѹ֤֤, ֤ȷ, , ֮Ĵ, Խ伸, Ȳ⡣
ʥԽĹѫ, ׷ᴦֻԪжŮû빬ΪūҲϤ乫, ǲղ£вԪӼ
䶨, ԪϷ֧Ųȥ, һѪ˻, δѹ
ȵжһ, ԪͨŵĹٲԪߡ
ֻǧҪ˵ˣȴһҲ¶
Ԫγˣһ岮ֵ, Դ, ˴档ΨվȺм, ̧ͦͷ
ö˶ãѺĹٲ֮ǰԪѿڶء
Ԫݵһ¶һ˿Ц⣬˵ͷ㱻ˡ
ԪжһߣŮҲҪ빬ˡ
빬ǰһ죬һּ⣬˵ԪϷδѣͻʼȶ£бῴܡǴȶȻʵλõɵڣԪϷݻԣǸȥ
ٶ빬Ԫǰ̣ûб񳵣ûǰӦһŮݿ£ٲѺ˴ϡ
ڵ·ָָ㣬ϧˣЩ޸֮ŮʯӡЩٲͲΪʯӣֻҪûҵԼϣҲֻ
ԪߣϱУ϶ʱѪԪð𣬿ǱͶʯӣۼֿ죬һס˻ȥǺӵ۾
ӴҪϹˣǺ˱е۾ֱС
иݸ߸ˣɫƣָԪСӻˣ˹ٲүɲܲܰ
ǹٲǸȤģԪк⣬һ飬ȥ˵ǸˣҪ빬ū澵ģ㻹ҪܣѲɱˣʥ϶ûɱʲôҲָң
ֱ˵Ǹ˸ɵۣ˹ҪץԪ
أǰһԪϵˣǳRıܼѣСӣֳ硣
סֳ֣Ļǳڴˣ˭ҷ
ӣЩȻٳֳֻ֣Ԫǰ
Ԫʵ̫죬ֻ֪RãԽݵʱʱԪӢ׽Ūʵ⡣
ĻȺԶԶѺĹٲ˿ЩٲҪڣͱһۡǶ˸¶ˣЩٲ˵
û°ɣֳԪ
Ԫҡҡͷ
ֳЦˣҾ֪ԪСֺ͵ᱻ۸ȥ
Ԫ֪ԼضΪ˵⼸仰ֳ磬ԼԼ͵ʵãˣ
Ԫһÿڣ΢΢˵ͷ
ֳ״˿վ˻ȥǾͺá˵ţֿ۸Ů죬Ҳңǿ
˷빬زܣŸҲھУҲ⹬ӼεڣЩ˾ǲȵ߹˵ģһҪסֳ綣ֿȦܣٶȴսҴͥа£ȥ
Ԫ֪ǾȫڹдˣֻΪԪ˽ȥЩίɼǻѼ飬ֳ磬л
ֳͷϾڴϣҲܹයߡ
ֻǲ̧ţͼΧȺС˶һͷԪ߳˹
ΪʲôˣҪνȴԪһ
ֳһ٣˲ĹС˶˵Ԫϣ޺ţ㣡
ֳ˰Σ˰Ÿ˳ԭԪҵС㣬Ԫġֻ⸱ͷģǽţճ׽֮ˣ˭һϳ
ֻԪȴ˭ҵĺӣҲʲôطҺˡһ˵ţһƿ
ֳҲӦ˹ȥǺӣ˵Ůޣϴˣȥɡ
ԪСûеֿһ˫۾ҪſڣԪݺһɣֽһ㡱̻˶
ԪţֳԷɣܷԪһ·ȥ
ֻһûһкѽǲǼҵС𣿡
ԪعͷȥͼһָԪᣬٲүǼҵС㣬ǰܵġ
ЩٲһҪץ˵ġ
ԪһֱֱȥֳڳҲ޼ƿʩˡ
Ȼ̶ƴһ˿Щٲ˵ⲻҼã֪Ұӡ
ӴСɾͱٻˣӶܵǰˣأ̵˵ˣôˣôб˽㣬ȴأ
ǰΪԪӢһ£岱Ԫһֵڣú󲪾ʹƴߴ󷿵ˣȴȣβޣ޲øЩ˶ץһźá
ֳ״뿪ٰ䣬ȻԪ֪޲ˡֳҡҡͷֵͷȥǸԼСãΨ̾Ϣɵӡ
ԪҲվˣ޵ģʵ㣬㲻ҪٸˣҲ뿪㡣ﲻڣֻŽ㣬ȥĶȥĶ
ҡԪ֣һ˫۾޵úף㣬㲻ҪҪᡣ
ԪǿᣬȥûͳԼ䣬ΪԪ۾ӡ
ãشӦţ㲻᲻ҪģԶŰᣬòã
Ԫصصͷã
һжŮĸ˿ˣ̲ס͵͵Ĩ᣺Ǻúõ˼ң³ˣǽġ
Ȱɩӣ㻹أǼҴͨѹٺ˼ҵĶɣΪǼңװɳ϶㻹أҪ˵ǼҾǾȡ
ЩԪԪҲСС˶Ԫ䣬ʵ㣬Ǽͨѹ𣿡
Ԫ죬û˵վֳվǰ΢΢һЦôĪΪһ԰նְɣ
ֳҲ΢΢һЦŴСˡ
ԪûĻֻһ٣˵Ƿ㣬뿴ߵǼŮ벻֮˵
ֳͷӦʣģԵȫ
ˣǾͶлˡԪ˵ţһݡ
˵һ࣬Ԫҵ·Ԫ·ߵһ¥ϣսǴһͦӰ׷Ԫ½衣
ֻϧվһ
½ҡҡͷҪðգԼǣԪС֣һƬУĬģδ֪Ĺǡ


70 
µ峿, ΢΢Ԫͷ󺹣ʹɩһ, ʹšһ, ʹˮɡ
, ų緹, װСģ¾ֵ¹ùԺеС, , ѹǰС֨ѽ졣ԪģǰСҪܲס
аվ¿ɾҪʦسˣδʥϿǸ˵ú, ҪΪ½ӷϴֽϴ·, ȥɨɾˡùÿŹ, ָһԺӵŮ˵
ǴʳҴͥ¾֣ɻ, ͵ȵĹŮ, ǷµĹٻ˼ҵŮ죬֮ܶЩͼˣ˶ܴá
, Ԫ, ô˵£㾹һ㷴ӦûУù˹ӿǣбۿǱæԪ, ǰôҲ뾸йԼˣ˸ĩȵĹŮҪﳼϴѣ⣿
Ԫ¾ҲһˣλùõƢû£ҪŸڿϼ䣬ˣҲЦЦ˵ƹù˵ģѾ˵ֻǸﳼﻹʲôⲻġ
ùֺһһྐྵྵøԴ죺Ͳָ»յϣȥ
Ԫ棬ɹ¼ܣùҲ֪Ǽ׳ȥˡ
ùƲ죺㵹Щ֪֮
˵ֳһͷϣȵվסҪĶȥ
Ҫס壬վס˽š
ǣùãҿɲҪ͵Ť֣ʵҶޡ
ƨù㵱ϰʮأôûڿޣ
ûλ¹ùϳԹҲֻСЦùãҶе㷢գңҾͽȥһۣһۡ
һۣҲùһϥǣ㡪ԪҷģС֨ѽøˡ
һһһģֻѡ
Ǹǲ̨ӣùòмתͷһ£ƫڲͬЩһһҶҶģӣСŮأ
ùָǱŮЦϣ׶ŮɲǽŶˣͷ͵ġ˵ŶȻȥϴѣָ˭ϴ𣿡
ΨΨŵŵȴʼղŲӣһ˫۾ֱŷ
ùͷֱϴڣҪٷȴԪˡ
ùãЦʵСֶЩҶɩģﵱȻŲ¡ҸϴˣȥϺӰɡ
ԭһ˫ۣʱˣڴؿùá
ùóԪߣ㵹ǻԼ¡ҿɸ㣬ϴһѣҲҪȥɨͷģΪһ˵ġ
ԪЦȻġ
⻰ٲֱֱȥˡ
ùþƲӣԪ˵ˣ˼ȴأлֶûС
ԪֻЦЦ
һʱϴѣԪȥ£ȥϴˢ档
廳׶鼸վǿڵţлˡ
Ԫӱȡһ˪һ֣ҴͥĹ̫а͵͵ģ˵ġ
Ԫ˫֣Ҳֻ˵㲻øҵлҲǰ㡣
ͣǰΪԪ飬˸˺ͬһסţҲδ˵һ仰һοڣҪùø淢͵͵ù˵˪ࡪϣòĶҲԸ˵õ
ǴԪвֺڰײͽⱲӶټˡ
廹ӲԪҲǸ֮⹬﷭Ƹһ첻ɣ
ԪʱЦ⹬סҲһʱˣԼǸʲô⹬޺ĹŮ̫࣬ǰ׼һӣ㿴˻ӵ
УҶҶӣ
Ԫ־Ĳӣ˪в㿴ҸҲң
Ԫǰε¶ɱ⣬ʶӣЩĹңͷһ
ãô˵ҲĴֶӣͿϣôİĸӡô˵ҲĶӣԪҵѪ屧˻׶Ԫ
㡣ǡԪǣԪ
Ԫ֣Щ˪࣬ŮͿϡ
ɩ̵ЦΪҷŰ㣬ΪԪҵѪδ̫Сˡ
ԪԴһ˫۾ˮ
Ұ㣬ΪǶӣԪҵҰ㣬ֻΪǸڲԵĺӡ޹Ҫġ
˵գԪСԴЦ߰ɣĨȥӡ
Ԫ˵ͷԪһһһǣԪ֣ԹԳȥˡ
һζûع
һգɨһ¡죬Ԫ˶ڷ˪Ĺϣϴ;ǽש
æµţԶԶЦͷĹ˿ۣϽ˵ͣ¿ͣ£ǹˡ
˱ͣлƣڹࡣ
ʱЩǱ㵽ˡŻ壬㸡Ԫһֻ廨ЬԼǰ
ӴⲻԽԪС𣿡̱𣬰Ц
ã㻹Խء
ޣˣˣĻʲôԽЦţȻҲûʲôԪСˣԪ˵ǲǣ
ԪԼȣԷȴǸ߸ϵŹС㣬Σڶ¡
ȻȴģԪֺߵԪֿֿڣǣֶȡ˼ңָʲôã
Ԫüͷһ仹ͷȴˣСĻԪū澵գǱ֣ǳʱȡ֡
ûϵῪڣɵŭ˭ˣ
ԪūСһֱū澵֣ģΪС㲻ء
˵֪ʶԼֱƽȥˣԼԼ߳ŭ˭ôС˵ģһҴͥū澣Ҳ˵ң
Խ˵ԽɴԪҪȥ
ˣĽסúαظһʶһū澶ѣֵԶ𣿡
һҲǣߵһū澣ҲҵﱾС㣿ڱСҹ£һʱ
Ԫ̧ͷǰͬԼòŮӣϾǵ⡣
ôСҲ̧°͡
ԪؾЦˡ
ȴͻȻЦ£ɣЦʲô
Ԫû𻰣ֻǻȥ
ƼĹˣ⡣֣һͷתߡ
Ԫһשϣǵשһڣðһ⣬Ҳ֪ʲôֲ
ǵٴαһ˫廨Ьס
Ÿˡ
ͷϷޱһЦл֪
ǰãӭȢŹСޱ÷ıܣϼףӭ׳£Ǿǰµ̸ʡ
ޱǹסƬ̣˵ֻ֮ϣȥڱʤ̣ٲǸүˣдǰ̵ġ
Ԫ΢Цţġ
㡭ޱΪԼǺ㣬֪ԪģӲԣһʱգ־ȥָô˲ʶô
ԪЦţ˵Ļū澶һһءֻ̧ͷӭޱߣҲ˵ˣǡǡ¡
˵úã˹޵


71 
ͻһ, ޱһתͷȥˣͰ͵, Ÿ磿
ǿĳR˷, ȳ, һٶݼ·С, һʱڿڴ̵ĴӢۡ
Ԫʯת, λ緢ĴӢ, ô̤Լ˹
ǰЩԪ룬沿Ϊˣ߷ĺ磬ˡ
Ԫ, ·Ҵͥﷸ¹ԱҵŮ졣
Ԫֻб֣ǸҸɾġȴûдֻ, Ϊֻˡ
Ÿ硣˹, ˳Rĸ첲ǵؽ, СŮ̬
RȴҲû, ĮسԼĸ첲ԼԪ֮Ʋ
һʱͨ죬һڲԣŸ, ǸͼĹŮ, Ь䣬㻹Ҫ
R俴һۣɳƴɱ˶Դһɺ, һ
ŵܣαһԲջعҪȥ̫İɣ߰ɡ
˭֪Rѹ飬һ˦ֵлɩ⣬ѾȥĸˣġָԪҪ
Ÿ磡ȴֶ˽ţԪͨѹ˱֮¸ǼϹϵ㵹ã㻹ϸȥò˽ҫɲҪΪŮˣһ񰡡
RЦЦô£Ҫ̣
һ㶣ʶͷҲ˼
˼R˿ӡ
ֿ˵ɩʮһãѾͷǵӣҲú̵һǹŹɵǷ
⻰˵úǵ˵棬Ҵͥūǣޱ϶Ǻһһģæס˻ҪֵƣҰˡ
R Ԫ֡
ֻ֣촽΢С㷣ūڴ˹һʱһʱûū澲뾸ˡ
ƱŲҪߣԪ⻰ѿָԪ㣬㡭
R޶ãֱӾˣԪ˵˵ĻѵֲһСѾͷƬӵ𣿡
Ǹ˸
ޱקƣֿ۳RŸ磬С˵Ļϸ룬͸ף˵ò
RʼԪϣޱ˵ֻһ䣺£Լ͵òġ
ޱĻ⻰εˡȻͼޱ۽һ죬ٶԣƵͷߡ
ˣڳĹŮ̫Ƕ˿̧ͷһλԪ֣ɷ˵Ҫߡ
ùµָϽ£ѾͷҴͥģûأ⡭
ЩūRûˣһۣôѲɱøǸٲɣ
ʱRڹУǳèӹҲӣ˭ҲΣʥϣҲҪһͷ󣬸Щˡȥһ˱ϸɱ֮˵ǽ˾ú£һСģ͵λ
˹ָϽͷĶĻū澲ңҡ
ҲԪǸʲôͷȻΪҴͥĹŮʱţԪȴŹ˱ӣһҲʮֵЦūֻ˵˼ǻδɨɾĵطֻܴȥԭҲҴְͥ𡣡
Rޱ׷֣ߵһЦֵԾ
ЦĿԶȥ
߳һ·Ԫ֣Ҳ̫Щô˵ءܣΪR˸ҶǴԶԶ㿪ȥ
ʲôRν⻹ƢõʱءҪǰ˵ǷϻˣҶơ
ҲΪ룬ԪǴ֮ǰĹСˡͼһʱ죬һҪȥġ⹬߲ȵͣһСģס˰ѱνҲС
RתͷҼȴˣȻٲȥҴͥˡ
Ԫһ˼ҲͷӦˣӵǴ󣬸ŸϵȥվסţǲУҲܸȥ
R֣ΪΣѲɣ㻹ȥҴͥɻ
ɻءԪһۣǻԵֻû취Ȼ˭ɻ
RЦˣȻ㻹ӣһû䣬ʶղڷ˪⣬Ǹü˳۵ģǽġ
ͬЦԪɫұûȥ
ΪʲôR˼⣬ҹﲻǰ¡
㲻ڹ⽨𣿡Ԫֵôס
RЦ⣺ǴۡΪҶ˽ģ㲻ڣȻҲȥס
⻰Ԫ˵жǼٵģ룬ôһжİɡ
οпǸʥ϶Ÿˣ
RߵһᶼǸŸɵģҶǧ˳ֻҪҵɡ
Ԫü˵ʲôأܣã˾
СΪںԼRֻÿġԪ֣ԼĿڴԣ㲻õģһжءǰҲھУ˺ܶ࣬һˣֻܰıǡ
Ԫȴҡͷ֣ұûҴͥȥỹ
RһԴ⺢Ӹˣǲ£ҾͽйȥҲӹ
ԪЦˣ˵ɵȥһˣԭΪ᳤Щû뻹Ǹɵġ
Rüô˵ɵأŲãұˡ
ԪãһɩӣֶŮֶӣǻҴͥܽһ㻹ܽһȫӳ𣿡
ҡRס
㲻ܡԪ˵ԭΪԪңΪӣҲܵһЩǣɺһսھеҪˣǺ¡
ʲô£RѵҪҸߴȴҴͥ𣿡
ԪЦˣȱ𼱰ȥ㹬˵
RȴƢȥˡƲͷ
ԪкЦȥ治ȥ
Rһͷڵøȥˡ
ǺðɣԪһ֣ҾȻҴͥˡתҪߡ
RҪߵģϽס˵˵㻹߰
Ԫű˵ȥ𣿡
RֻͶҸոأôˣ˵Ԫߣھȥҹ
Ԫ̲סЦɵӡ
Ŗ־ȥ˵ıӣСɵӡ
ɵӿɲ͵ɵӣ


72 
˼, ľɣ˲࣬ӭ, ǹ١
¡ټ˳R, û޳һ, Ԫ, Ҫʹ, ԪС㡭
, Rͼ˿ޣ仹ˡȻ㲻ȫˣ˶أ޿ʲô
, ˵ǡһӦţһ̧˸첲ȥ, 
ū΢, һڹûʲô棬ūһֱû, ҴͥȥԪС, С㲻Ҫ֡˵
ԪЦٹ˵ﻰģѾѵˡֻһ£˵, ѾԪС, ƺңˣҪ鷳
æ, ˼ԪС㡣
Rߵ㵹ǻ˵
ٺٺЦţ˳ָöͱRһԹԶô˵ô˵⹬ûʲôأ
Ŷίɲǡû˵꣬ϳRɱ˵ߣͷܣū澽ȥ׼
R˻θ첲Ϊźһܵõ졣
ԪЦеʲôû˵ѡ
㣡Rָȴ޿κΣָֻ˵㣬ԼӺɷ򣬶ܳŴһʶ
Rڵȥ;ĹỤ̊Ծ˳ȥԪȴſڴվ
R࣬ͣ²ߣһʱ֣ôˣ
ԪЩԥҪǻǾ˵ɡ
Rһ㶣ӦЦˡȥߣôҳ㲻ɣ
Ԫֻĺë˵ʲô㣿
RЦԴŻ˵ԼֻǸСŮӵѽҵ˵ú˳
ԪȭͷŲ㰡
ŖֵǰЦ𣬱𣬿Ц
˵ȥԪģﶼǿ֮ˣǿʲôʲô˵ġ
ԪŬͷʲôпʲôʲô
RŹûʲôûʲôҡ˵;͸ƽԼ޵С
ţԪŵûüתͱ˴ӱһѸסˡ
RĶߣˡ
úܽԪһҲѲãֻ÷
ûˣץԼǰֱοѾˣսϵɱ¾ˣûˣ
R֣ţ˵Щʲô쳤˲ȥ
ԪҲ֣תͷȥȻ㲻˵㺦Ҹոڰοѽ
RһʱûסԪת˹ЦΪսɱ¾
ѵ𣿡գۣҲǼѪȾɳˣ֪ǳжˡ
ȻˣRЦҡͷôܻЩץԪļҡҡڵѽ
ңԪ͸Ǿˣʲôɵĵģⲻúõ𣿡
RɵƵĿ㻹Ŀ
ԪǫţҲðɡ
R˰ۣûҵȷǰ׵ˡ
ߵǰ£ԽҵϢʱ˸ʲô¶ϢԪжţŮûҴͥ˵Ҳ빬ڣҾ˿
ţԪšüŵӵİһȭҶҪû빬Ϊūˣ㻹ģ
ȻRЦ㶼֪ʱжలġ
ۿԪüͷšȭͷҪˣRָϽ͵֪ӣֻ³ʱһûס˴˱˵˵ˣô죿
Ԫ֣ǰã̵ס˹⼸µϢƽҲŷġ
ԪЦţ㻹ˣҪϳɱУҪҡ
ȡЦҡŖֹıǼ⣬ֺЦҲǱ°ܸǼöͳȥ
Ԫô֪ǾģҸǵأ
RЦҡͷᡣǶǸҷռ߹ûǸӡ
ǻأԪЦɲҶǰ֪
ȻRҲͬʷɰһˣֻϧΪߣ벻ôơ
ԪһĥѳҪҲҪȡЦ㣿ⲻ𣿡
˰RЦţԪʧĶŮӣǾضˡ
˵¶ԪеϧɵãҶ˸ˣ͵˻װû⹬УýͣȴոŴػ
ʱҲҲRţԼϥϡԪһҪȴס𶯣Һһ
ԪԭҪ˵ǿɰһʱˡ
RɣɴôߣԴȥ䣬Ǽŵһ㣬ȴ㡣
š˵ţ̰˼¡
ͽӣԪٴ󷽲һˣôԼţǽסǺ
Rֹ֣ǻعģȥʱ˵üأֱڣ䱣סȴȲмëҶﲻɸȥᣬȴЩϴҪΪϡڣֻȾûˡ
ԪЦ˵㲻ҪСȥᣬȴԶ͸ʦھˣҲʮҽˡ
R§ǰοԪǳ˲š
ԪЦţʹҴ硭
RЦ⣺ҵԪ³ʬ׵ʱʬգҹ޳û֮ҵʱĿȫǡһװ磬ԼԪƣ˸ʶ
ԪԪ³в׽ԼֳٵʱҲͬһˣʬҲɻңɽ֣ƾ˵ĹĹûУβģ
Ҵ磬Цüѣѹ𣿡
⻰Rȴ֪˵ûУԪ³ѳ˵ʲôĽ̶֮̿ϣҹ˽˵УһԽӣŮ˹ѫȥɳϮλֺοһ⣿
벻ͨʵ벻ͨR¶ɵʵ̫ˣƫ֤֤װ׶
ԪҲ֪ʵͻ˵ˣˣ˵ʲôأ
RȴüսȴҪ׽ѹ㸸ԽݣϢ
Ԫһ⣬R˵ԴҽϢȫϡֻżŹ죬һ䣬ҲϢţҵﶨϢͷϣܰװ׳ܣԽݶ꣬ҪҲ¡
R˼ŵͷϣˡ߰ĩ
˵Ԫһһȥˣ
֪οԼˣRʱüЦɳƴɱв˵ģ
ԪһͽˣҪ˵ÿҪ
R÷뿪§ֽ˽£õòˡ
Ԫ濴ˣ̾һСʱҵʱսϴСС˰̣еˣеľԶˡÿÿ˻ﶼ۵Ҫȴһһ߻ҩ
˵Цûգȴʤ̣ؼҪͷһ١
R֣ЦǲǷգһҸ
ֻһ仰ͽԪһ˲۾
ƲͷȥЦǸɵġ
RЦȥ˵˵˭ɵ
Ԫ̿Ťȥץס֡
R˳ƷץģϸϸĦ

ţ
ҪҪһȥԪĸЦеʡ


73 
ҪȥҹĸԪһ
RȴЦҡҡͷ, ǡָָԪԼ
ǣԪԥţѹ, ĸڹҲǣ, δ乬, ʥϷӼε, ɲȴ乬Ҫþʱȥĸ, ҪʥϹȥ𣿡
RЦţҷͬ˵ĻˣҾԸ, ĻԪĸŲʣɡȻѾⲻҲ岻ʲТһʲôȥһˣܽ˼ҷ, һǸ競ӡ
³ӹ߸ǳԼ׶, ҲɲɵҲΪ, RֳĻӳ£Ժ, ȴؿຮ, گؾβ㶪һȣʥҲδּؾҶµĸʺѹ꣬򣬻ûεء
, Ԫ, ֻRͬ㣬Ҳ֪Ϊʲô϶
Ȼʥ, ԪȻҲȥĸǣҪôȥأǳţʥϷӼεȻκ̽ÿշʳǿϵһСţ۽ȥˡ
RЦˣ򵥣ͽҰɡظ֤
ԪԭΪʶĳRղ£ɵν⣬ҲҹϮԼĹ뷿ǰ㣬ӼεĹǽ͵͵ȥĸѡ
浽Ӽε⣬ԪŴŹĳRЦ˸кҡھô߽ȥˣʵǳϡ
ƫͷкԼŸʲô
ޣޣŷӦСܼȥ
˵ôô˰ˣԪСʵ
RһģЩʣЦҸô
Ԫ룬˵ôؾͽˡ
RЦҲɣûҪȥԪıӣ֪竣ôҲƵǸݳڵѹء
Ԫ֣һд⻰˵ҲͰˣԼǺ˼
RһͷǿɲҺ֪֮ġ
֪֮ôõİɣ
˵ŻȤתҲ͵Ӽεˡ
Ŵ䱻˴򿪣ǰŵģԪԼдеĵŮ֦ټӼεУֻʣͶˡ
֦ùáԪ
֦ɵɻžµأҲʮֵط£С㡣
ĸأRʵ
֦ůԵ˵µϢһֱڵء
RⰵɭɭӼεɵøпγӼε
ůﵹ˵ƻȴǻƵģӳŵˣӰ
ϾźԪЦ˵Цء
˵ԪЩ˼ˣ̯£˼˵Цء
ԪóڹЩʲôЦ£ʲô£ǵһλġ
ԪźЩ
Ԫ֣ǰҺúÿǡ
Ԫ߽ĸһؾ磬ޱ߾˰׷Ҳ࣬ھкãһ˫۾
ĸЩʱգ˲ٿɡR
ԪȴЦţ࣬徻ࡣ
Ԫ˹ȥָ̧֣̾⺢ӣҴͥɡ
ԪҲЦţѧĸĿ˵࣬ء
Ԫ̿ѾͷԪˣ֪ҲͰˡ
⹬һܳҪȥǣҲûǸˡԪ̾ϾŻҹ˼꣬׻ʥϵ׹⣬λշһ
Rĸ˵ǣԵġ
ԪЦңˡһ˱ϣǴʤ̣ˣϺòã
RЦĸģõúܣⲻ𣿡
ԪЦҲˣʱƽġ
R죺ʵݵģĸ꣬˵⹬ͷ⹬ȫȻĸڹôࡣ
ԪʾҪ˵Ԫҳ飬ʥֻǷӼελڣǸ⿪ˣλߣû׾죬ɳƵǷ⿪ˡ
Rһ˵ͬΪԪˣλԪ£ɷءԪҳ楣Ϊãһձһܳ衣糯ҰԵģǺ꾫ת
ԪЦ⻰ɲˣ
Rһ㶣ŷӦԼһʱʧˣĸҲ˼
ҵȻ㲻˼ԪЦֻʱҲҲʥϵԵ㲻Ҳı¡
RߵԼܿ࣬ȴһ˰ֻ֣֪ҹ˾ʱ᲻һ
ԪԪһۣԪҲǼɳ۵ģĻСˣ
RмҾǿߡ
Ԫָ⸱Ƣ㸸Źء
Rֻ
ԪԪЦôˣСƵƢ
ԪֻЦ
ߣRתͷҲЦ
Ԫ÷а̾Ϣһͣ˺һӣҲûʲôֻ㣬ץԪ֣㻹ᣬѲҲҪһӶ
ԪδڣRѾ˵ˣĸģжڣԲ֮һ
仰Ԫͷˣ֪Ƣԣ˵ˣһ
ԪһһԼ棬һҴͥﳼҾ죬Ҫ죬ο
˵˿϶ҲɨˣֻЦˡ
ϾģҺοֻ㵱㸸ʵ棬ǾȥӲӲǸˣǿӲǲԪ
RЦĸģѰҲǰģҲͷҡ
Ԫȴǣǰȷɽȣһս˶㣬еЩ˸˾е˾ٲҪʸ㣬ԲƸˡ
RмƵۣ
ԪЦƲϣ㸸Ϊͻ顭
RЦһǰͻ飬ӦΪԼģҿɲġ
ԪΣֱ˿̣סģ
R֪Լ˵©죬һʱЩ˼ŤͷȥòԼ
ԪЦɲԼģԪ˵СӣԽȥһˣ͸˵ĸҾԪҴСãΪޡȥĸ˵飬ĸѡ֮Ϊвɽʸѡ󹬡
Ԫ㶣ŻȻ򣬹ֲȥѡʱ̫ｫ鿴ǰϸ£ԭڱ󵷵Ĺ
Ԫһ㶣һߣץ˵֣һֿǸЦֻܳþãճ졣


74 
Ӽε, ԪתյĻԻͻڳЦյ塣
߰ɡRߴ١
תͷ, ӭ, ΢΢һЦ, ǰС
ȻѾȥӼε, , ȥɡ˵
Rͷ, ЦҾ֪
ԪϲҲˣ
ǵЦţô˵ӼεסŵǶ֮ĸȴûʲôϸģóȻȥǲҸʵء
ǡԪ˳
RЦǡȥǡ
Ԫһʱס, ԭڴ˴šҲǣνô˵Ҳʥϵ, , RɲñӣֻһүЯһﷸҾ, ҹȥһ, ҪǴȥ֪ᱻ˵ʲôŹ̸
νû˯һ˳Rʹ˴ϢҹҪԪǲ, ֻ, 
һ죬֧Դ˯νͶˣʱѡ


δ, ټȴ㾳أβִ࿴ۡ
Rܺôӣ㣬ʲôͿ˵ɣȥ䡣˵վųȥö𻰡
ԶԶԡνعԪһͨˡ˵ĦԪ֣ȥ࣬ţ
ءԪЦٸ˫ָƣȻϴɹۻ
νŰģָϵһָ׼Щʱϡ
ԪֻĹҵİЦǳ˴ŵˡ
νĴ㻹Цֲȥ㣬ֻ㰵֣ݶܶ࣬ˣͶõ㣬ҲǱЩõġ
ԪȻ֪Ǻģ£Цô
ͦõġνޱߣһ徻ҵʱ˲߻ƣָ̫ﳭ˱飬ͦڵġ
Цӯӯ˵ţɡԪԪҵ£ЩǣŻˡμڹû֮Ҳų̂ģûʥϵĳ谮Ҫ֮аȶգѡ
˼֮ץν֣˵Ӧһ¡
ʲô£νɫ쳣֡
ԪҧҧĵӽҪҶպҲҪͬİ·
ΪΣν񾪵úõģôͬ˵ľ
ԪɫҪþõ⹬ͷȥΨһˡ
ν񣬵ʱҲˡ
ҲŲҪȥͷӣȴӹɱζ֪Ҽ鲻֣ҲŲȥֺ
ǺˡԪЦϾʥϵɣȨƣ֮УûʥϵıӻҲ׶ջεüѡ
νͷϣԸͬ໰תȥ
Ԫȴܣ˵ţҵȻ֪㣬ҲΪǵ֡㾳ˣ㡭
ŲۡνתȥԲ۾Ҳʥ£ԼҪԶⶼԼ⡣
ɵѾͷԪЦץ֣£ԼԼù
ҡνһʱ
ǿԪЦ⣬˵ȻԼбҡǻ㣬ֻ̤乬ҹҴͥûͷ
νβ˵ǶԵģǣһ˫۾ˮ뵣Ҳͬİ·ķǣ׵ˣǿ࣬һš
Ԫ̾ϢֱɵѾͷʵϲ߰
νԣʧʹޡ
νԪɳR˳·ʯŵĹ⣬Ӱϳ
ʵɲ˵ǷģR̾ڣһס㡣
ԪͷЦ֪ǰ˵ҲԷһһҲˣܳŵȥΪҶԿࡣ
Rվʲôһ㲻ˣ
Цأ֪ǶˣԪЦȷ
ЦԺˣRɧ̫ˡ
ԪúЦԭҲ˵ʲôġ
R۾һɣⲻŲţֻ㲻˵ˡ
ҹӹΰԪҲԸִȤЦһЦҲͰˡ
ʮҹںϹҹ֮ϣһˮͷúȲʣʥĴã裬ͽҹһڹĽǼʣҲĲصʥĵʵ
ҴͥĹǳŽϴ϶Ҳ˵ҹϵ˵ʰλҪˣЩʱʥϴ붼ЪУĽȥǱӶҪˡ
ֹҪ᣿һ˵ǵҲҪ˰ɡ˭֪ÿһʮ壬ʥϿɶƣʺȥЪϢġ񵹺ãһԪ£楣ʥϴӻʺߡ
㣬Ҫ˵ʥԼ˼ûõҪȥġ
ͷԣλԪº楣Ǻ꾫תأΪľԻģҳ١
˵λǴǰԽģ˵ǻ᲻ᡭ
Ԫ÷ǰ˷ڱԼҲȥ⣬˵ȥԼֻרɹ
ùöˣΪͷҪ˵ϼ䣬ͼԺſڽˡһͷĻǳǮŵæСʰ
ǮôüĿҲһ̫˼ӣһԺӵˣùЦּ̫Ԫʻ
ùûæԪǮЦˡ
Ǯǵһ ԪˣһһֲѣǹŮ磬ȴؾţĵ
ԪɡǮǿһ統ԽСʱ
ԪҪߣԪʹȺ˳Ԫһһסȡ
ǮûϵһСѾͷǰװ׾Сȴһ䱸
ԪҲûϵˣȥЦû¶Ҿͳȥһ£ܿͻˣǾԹɩӺͲĸĻ
ԪСƶǶص˵ͷԪȴЩǣǮˣСǲҽ鷳İɣ
Ԫû˵ǱǮЦˣİɣֻ̫м仰ҪԪ
ģԪһģǮ
ǮһЦ˻ģۼ㱣֤̫껰ضԪͻ
ùùԪᣬǳ󵨣ܸǮ˵
ǮȴЦ£С㣬ѵõĺĳ
ùǡ
ԪʾԪᣬҪ£Ǯˡ
¾֣ǮЦԪ۰
ԪǫЦĻС֪ùЦˡ
ǮСһĻ㣬ǸúӡۼţСģİƽΪ񡣡
ƽԪֻϧǳزۡԪǮȻЩ
Ǯ֪ʧԣЦѽˣʲô˵װԼһ⡣
ԪֻЦЦ
Ҵͥ˷˪־԰ϣӭתһȺװˡ
Ǯͣ˫۾ɺʹԪֿǰǹĹ̾Ԫء


75 
Ԫػǰ, ԪţԪأ, , ˵, ʱڼǸΨΨŵŵСģ
ū澼Ǯ
ԪҲһ
Ԫͣһޱ, ѹ, ִ, ڶǰɨԪЦӯӯʵӴǮѽҪȥ
Ǯϥ, ңūǷּ̫, Ҵͥ¾ֹŮԪϽػ
Ŷ, 𣿡ԪЦţֿԪ, ֻͷ, վԼҲ֪Ǹʲôζֻ̫ټǹ˿Щȥɡ
ǮЦӦ, Ԫˡ
ԪۿԶ, ԪδϣֻãȻҲڹԼɡɡ
Ů˪СͷԪص, ⸱ճģβ֪˿ͷ̾˿ǰȰͷˣۻذɡ
Ԫطع˵ͷ˪յ֣ҲԶˡ
ԪǮһ·˳
ͷ˹ҶһʱԽԪҵĴС㣬˼ЦسƺһԪС㡱̤ţȴֻǸײĽϴŮˡ˷ǣǡ
ڣ̴̫ȴ֮ϣǮԪֱůȥ
̫ԪﵽˡǮȥ
䴫̫ɡ
ǡǮٶȳԪԪɡ
ԪȥʼǰǮЬϣͣסݵū澰ݼ̫̫򸣽𰲡
̫Цɡ
Ԫߵʹ
գҶûټ㣬Ҵͥܿˣ̫˹ʵ
ȻҪ𣺡̫Ļūһжãл̫ġ
̫ͷδ˵
֣̫﻽Ҳ˵ν£ֻôһ׻ˣɲ֣
ֻǣԷϾȫ̫̫ҲҶʣֻվǴ⻭üҲ̫Ĭ
Ҳ֪׹˶ã̫ͷ棬Ԫҵģ
̧ۣͼǰϣһСһֻ軨ľϻһ̯ͷΣӲӵ׺ź챦ʯɲǰһף
ջߣ״̫ȷū澵ģ˵ΪūױơֻϧͷδױƣͳRĻ£Ѿ֮ˡҲ֪ӵϢεѹ
ȵȡҪ˸Уȴʶһ⣬ͷ棬ε̫еģǳңҲ񸮵Ǽᣬġ
һǮС࿴ţǿԪеɻ󣬱̫Ц̫ƣū˵ʲôţɲӵһףūһ۾ʹ˳ϻӣƬһǣ껹Ӹĵˣͷҽ˲ء
̫Ц֪԰ڡ
˼˵ţȥǲһǣпѾͷǲʡģСƵأֳҪѣһúõŮңʲôӡǮȻţ˵˵иô
ǮЦǡ
̫ƳһۣǮȻæĿڵУˣˣӣǶйģġ
⻰̫ЦˣѽҲôȰҵġ
Цֻ̾ϧѾͷãòЩ£һԽ޵Ҳ֪ϹͷȥȵүǰܲĸŮ
̫󣬡Ǯüֿʼ˵ֲĻˡ
Ԫţؾ˳RǮRҪЦĳ嶯̫棬Ǿסˡ
ЩȻǰ¡̫˵
ԪｫRǮűȽأ̫ȴǶ˵ġ
̧ͷŷ֣ůȥˣ̺ҡ
̫ٴγ֡
̫Ԫ̫ǰվ
̫ͷһؼǰ㣬ִ֣ϸϸ࿴һ飬̾Ϣүǻ׽Ū˰
Ԫûֻ΢΢ͷ
ָ̫СϵͷΣ˵ţѾͷӣЩȸ㣬ûջȥָḧһź챦ʯᣬˣⶫǸɡ
̫Ԫס
Ȼˣ̫ЦҴͥЩͷţҲ㡣ŵùңұţгһգ˵ЦЦгһգ㻹ܴ⹬ȥұضϤ
ԭ̫ǰԭ
Ԫһڣѱ˺£񣺡л̫ݵǮԪԪڹſվǮЦͷˣ͵ɡǮ⡭Ц˵ģʱ·Ҷǵã·ģȻذɡǮģ׻˸ԼСͽܣԪȥ
ǮСͽͲԼĪʮ꣬ȴҲʮˡ
Ԫ㲻֪Сʱ滹ܵܣͷһ硣һ󺵣ʵˣҵ㶼˼Ѿߣҵ֪·ͽ˹
Сһȴʮ˵ŽʱСҲʲô£Ҵͥͷɨɨزӡ˼꣬˴ЩˣҲЩˣֱȥ԰ŻֻġҲǸԵʱ򣬱ʦˣȥ̣˽졣
ԪЦô˵Ҳ˲١ԭ㻹ҵǰء
ϽǫǰҵԪҪʲô飬ңܰģһġ
ԪƽԸң
Цˣôƽأ
ԪֵѲǰ
ЦŵͷԪ㵱ʱһء
ԪüҲ벻
ѵȥ꣬Ԫ̫밲ʱΪǰһշ˴ʦںϡ
Ԫϸϸһ˼ʱȻ򣺡ޣԭǸС̰
Цɲ
Ԫͷյûֻ֪ǶҼֵܷʱһͰ͵ġ
ĽԪֵܣһǳҸɡ
ԪЦҸҸҿɲ֪ҿҲûǡ
ٺЦţҶѾǲ︸ĸֵܽõˡ
˵ɣĺӣ˼ңôûӡż˼ҲǻİɡԪţҪٰο䣬ǰһŭ
С࣬Ѿͷֻƿİ֮ˣͷƤָ
Ԫȥֻǰſڣ˸СŮŮӣһһǴŮˣָıǱСŮսսﲻ֪룬ҳ۰ᣬý
Ԫ̧ͷǱߵĹҶϷλεġ˴ס
СŮԼСŮ磬νֻա
ǴӣԵȴϵؿˡ
סڣһһͷŭСʨӣֱֱ˹ȥ


76 
˴ǵʥľͬԪĹĸԪһ, Ҳǵʥϻүʱͽ˵ģ֮УҲǶʸˡ
һ, ӳ, ԣԪδλԣ´, ֻ֪ж, λԣ, λгʥʱġ
, ҲŴ壬˲šֻλŵڳŮһ鲻˳⣬Ҫˡƫ, һֺòˣЩʥ費˥, ɼҲֶεġ
Ԫ֮Щ, ҲΪλĸԪԸ
ԪδӼεʱҪѰһ, һ֡
˴˵ԭ͸, ΪԪֻ˸Ůزˣ˶ӣˣɹһλ, ǱԪĹĸˡ
ôЩ, Ϊ£һֱڻԪȥ
Ԫ, ĸӼεʧȥ˾֣֪᲻üį
ӴⲻôС˰
Ԫûк˼ãǸѵ˵ĴŮ˵Ԫĵԭ磬ֲҪˡɼ⺢ӻǸõģ壬֪ͼ
е̫嶯ˡ
Ԫ룬嶯һҲԼûʶѾԼų֮ˡ
۶ûǸŮһֱߵСŮǰ־Ҫ.
һԴŮ״գ˴﷣ţû˭ҽ
ббǴŮһۣѹԸ˵һ仰ȥӻͳǿ޵滨СŮᡣ
࣬ˡο
ǴŮЦһɼˣġ˵ôȥ˶䣬Էأ
ûֻ˿ǰСŮ
СŮٵˣֻһ˫۾ӵ߰ɣǿá
˵⹬ﳤģͷж໵˭һС̣˴ſڣοһ˵Ƿ˴СŮ˵˴λˣʦ֪ˣҲҪƤ
ûվ߿սСŮ˵˼仰СŮǵͷҡͷιվǸŮ
ŮԼͦأ˼ơ
һ˫ۣ˵֪Ǹʵӣ˵ԼûдֻƿǾͱضġӲҪ¹鵽ͷϣٽ壬Լժһɶ
Ůɫ㣬˵Ѿͷ
ȴ⣬ֻͷҺû˵ԼҪ齫ֻ˴ҲʹˡЦ
üĿ㣬ЦʮֿףһЦʱ򣬾ԵЩЦ͸Щˡ
ǱŵˣǴŮһʱסһֶû˵ڡ
תٴȥСŮһأǴŮûֹˡ
ԣȻȥҸ֡СŮЦ
СŮ۾ͷʢЦ⡣
ԪһĻĵһ˳ÿ治
ٶǰߣЦʣСŮͬ磿
ͷֻǰŽģõСֲ飬۸ҵһʱֻǸʹŮģһѣڴỨ衣
ţЦ˵ҲԪЦңһã·ǿ˶ǰԼڵ֪֮ͬұ⣬й
˵ڨڨֻһ΢ᣬǻ۸
Ԫ⸱ģȫȻǰв˵ݣЩ档ͷοӻܻȫʱ򡣡
ԪҲôΪʱ͸
Ԫ۾ɵЦȻˡ
һˣְȰ˵ˣСѾͷ࣬ʮꡣ˴λﲻϲ˵ֻС࣬ȴϲСδҲ̫Щ
ԪЦǵҲ³԰ӡ
ҲЦ£ʦأ˭Ҳʦӣ
Ԫ丽͵Цţȴ룺ʦѵܻһ
С󣬿óЦòģҲͲµЩʲôʦȥҲڳ󰡡һ죬ҼܽʦΪҶеҲܻࡣ
˵ſԪţܻԪ㡣
ԪűԼҪһЩЦȴҲģҪӴһһغڰӣµµ˵שϡ
СӣͲ󣬿С
ѭȥȴ·һ꺣ڴֵĴϣRһ֦֦ϣգֻ첲˴ϣ°ͣЦ
֪ģֵμ¡
Ԫ䲻ԸǸŸһ
RƵó⣬ȴܿģֶ˸ӹԪҲû룬һ̧־͸סˡһԵɴۡ
⣬⣬Ԫ㣬ְ̾
ɡR·Լ˿ޣɲһˣԪҳŮء
ȴǲŵģƭˣͬԪҳŮū澼λȴ磬ϻţһСģ͵ʥϵĻ
˵ţԪЦЦԼʶԣæֵū澸ʥϡ
Rȴһ֣ûˣҲȥ淢ġ
Цū澾֪´ūõġ
ɳRȴܲ˼˵ţϾ淢㣬ڱҲްֵĺôѽ
תͷͶԪ˵Ԫ㣬֪»δʱС㡭
ιСӣĻѧ˶أRҪץƵģѾԶˡ
ǵؾͲūԪˣͷūһ˰ɡԶԶЦ
R˸Ҫҹȥ㵹͵
Цˡ
ôԪʳR
Rָֻ߳ɵģЦһǳ˳Ԫһԡ
ֽԪܸܵǳӵȣһɹζҲͲƴǣЦл
RҴͥߡּȥͷϵһƬССʣĸȥʲô
ԪҲʲô˵õ飬ǶԳRҲһһʮڳ﷢һУȫ߸֪
R󣬸пĸ۰㡣
ԪЦҡҡͷ̫ﲻ۰ң۰ӣݼڶѡ
⵹ǡRͷȻ˵ҪȥԽ̽ĸ˼ҲӦǰˬ졣
Ԫбֻ̽ǻӰɣ
RЦ˵ǰֺ
ɲǣԪƲĻδǰСôˣ
RٺЦţСӵĻˣ㻹棿
ԪһƿߣҲǣֺθɣر𣬱˵ʲôС㣬С㡢ǮС㡢С㣬㰮ȢĸȢĸ޹ء
R⻰֪ʹСˣʱֿ˻ɴץĸ첲ʹԼ棬ıǼⶼˣֻʣһˡ
ҲŲҪʲôǮֻҪԪС㡣˵


77 
ڻʳǹϵϷ˵, ǳRĪ
ԪҲǳصģŲæ, ƿR, ʹԼ뿪һԶ
˵˵, ֶŵġѵ
RǺЦţô֪ҾҪ㶯ֶأ˵Ҫ׽
Ԫܿ, еû, ȥͷˣ, һһأҪȥˡ˵תҪߡ
𼱰RסⲻǸ𣿡
Ԫ˾ǰǳӣҲлѽˡ
RһҾǸȵģ
Ԫ״ǲȻأ
˾۵С, ˰Σڶ̲סЦ
ͬ˵¶Ŗͷ, ؽʱ, ųһ乬ŮŮ٣ʱпȱ, ԡԪ, ü䶼һö˼
Ԫһ˼ǣȥѡ㣬ﲻѾųһ𣿰һҲõ󡣡
RһЦ̫ﲻ̹Ůڴ, ٷһ, ʹòʹã
ԪҲ֪˵Ĺ
ǡ˼һ̴ĹŮЦţִս
Ԫ̧žͳ˹ȥ
R㿪, ЦҴˣ㣬Ͷ£Ҹ̴ǡ
Ԫ˰ۣøˡ
ȡЦ˳RԪȷн·ϣܲһӶҴͥﲻհɣȻ̫ͳRΪ̺·ҲҪƴһƴΪԼҲΪͬҴͥļˡ
֮гȥɣЃ̡ŮԼŮ١ԪԸȥɹз̣̫Rˣٽɴ˵˼ֻʥҪˡȽ֮£õѡ
֮УйΪףԪױĸԽ̵飬ָӣڶһϣˡĵ˴ѡΣҪεͷй֡
Ϊˣҹ˵ƣR˴鼮ʱҹ˶ѽ磬ɽ֪ʱ
¹ⲻ˵лпɣͬסһݵϺͶɩϣΪ𾢣䳰ȷЦͼҴͥɳȥɩı߶ûƫÿճ˽ϴ̧ͷƣʱ߶ŮԪͩ
ÿÿԪٿһ԰ˣԪԪﰵģһҪҴͥȥ
Ҳ¡ѩʱԪĿ
صҴͥ¾ֵªһöɵĺɰСպãԪԪҴҴӣǰ˯ˣյֽųȥˡ
ҴͥҹͼΪ塣Ԫ̤ϸѩѩڽ鿪Rڹһô£Ų죬عͷ
䲻䣿ͬʶԷ
⻰ʳ˿ڣǿ˱˴ˣֶ̲סЦˡ
Rһѩɫ춷Ԫ첲üô
ԪڣRקǰûһ򣬾Ļ
ĺ죬񴺷ǡ̰һ˿ůȴ˵ҵĵˡ
RЦţùĵȵѩϡ
Σʻˡ
ԪЦҾá
RҲЦˣľҸʸǰľǷˣҲǴСŮһֱǰ̷ī
Ԫ˵λǷˣ˵ҲǳԽݣ׸вŮţ빬Ǿֵȥ˵ʱǻʺ̫Ů٣ٱָɶһֱڣ̷ʥϸǰ
ܵǱˡԪпš
ġRοǷǹˣȻκһòŻˡ
㼪ԡԪЦڿϴͳöɰRл㡣
Rֿöɰٿҵģ
ҪˡƲҪ֡
˭˵ҪģRһöɰϸһأǶֵȥˣá޵
ԪȴЩ˼ˣʲôҴͥûʲôòϺ˿ߣǿЩЩѹҲɣֻˡ۵
RǺЦţ־ͽöɰȥٺõҲȲôӣҪš
ԪһȣҹɫҲܿ
ҲҪ㡣R
ңԪ֣úõʲô
ȻΪ㿼ԽRЦţڴӻͳ
ԪһмӨӨһֻӣһ֦ȴġ
ָͷף󸹬۹𡣡Ц
ЦԪֻñ֦Өɰů㣬ϲҿ֡
Rϲ˿ϲء
һöɰһֵЦֿ˳Rûϣǰˡ
R˸첲ûϣԻбο㣻ǿˣҸб㡣
Ԫֵ˵ҿϿϣˣ
Rһصͷô¶
Ԫñ֦һüҶ׬ġ
ǰԽͷųˣԪϣþǷ˵ϲʥϴƼҪԽ̵Լ֮󣬺ԪԼǰ̺īֻ¶֪ΪΣվ֮
ˣԪԲԼԸ˳ֻ֡ԭй֣ޣȴȥǾ֣˾Ůʷ
ԪǾ֣ҴͥǼ¶ˣѡŮ٣Ҵͥȥ޼
¾ֵ¹ùϷ·ԼѡΣһգüЦԪʰűûһ߶ţҴͥɲҪǵĺô
ԪȻЦ˵ǡλùδرŴȴҲ̹ο֮Ԫ˻Ҫ࿴ˡ
ϲãȻҲġ
Ƿɳȥˡɩ·һ̳ӵĴף˶Ǳߣ˵˵ЦЦ
û˴Ԫȥָɣȥʲô֣˼˸֦ˣԺûʲôˣ㻹ȥڣиƨãŻ־ŮĴ˼¡
ԪԪҪãȥͻͷ壺ƾʲôûʲô
ЦƾʲôƾҾʹã˵ŻҪȥ
ԪἱˣѿڶвٴҾҧˡ
ȴЦ֣Ԫ᣺Ϊȥˣںһ˵˺ó·ͻһɶԼĺģ
Ԫ۾һ죬ȴ˲ӵ˵ҽŲˣ
ǳ֣ǵùòãһ򲻴ϲ壬óǽϴѣҲһɾһ࣬˵˺üأҲվɡڼƵĴӣգ㵱ʲôطСеġеûţ滹лҪϴı
һȣڽ졣
ԪֻʰԼѣRֻñ֦С˻µĶҷˡ
ԪᱳվͰʵ㣬Ҫǡ
ԪһᣬǿЦţİɣֻҪ˿գһǡ˵ԪСԴԹùõĻ
ԪǲᣬҲ״ʱ޲ã죬ƴ˵ͷ
ԪֿùãùãͰˡݵ
ùһӦţģֵʱˣҲȥǾֱˣȥɡ
ԪǣԪᣬֱԺſڣվתǰ͵ˣ⣬͵ɡȥԪҪԹԵģúóԷú˯
Ԫͷģһ
Ԫվֱ߻һȦٶȵ𣺡Ҷȥɣˡ
ɿԪС֣Լٵÿİһһ߳Ҵͥ
ûлͷ


78 
ԪǾ, ͬסŮʷлݣʿȥ빬
Ԫл, Щ졣ҹ, ˴һ֮, лݱпȥѡ֮ʱ, һʹ, û뵽ټ, ǶǾֵ˾Ůʷˡ
Ԫ⻰ŵƿΣޣǸιȥŮ
лһʱͨ죺ǣǶǹȥ, 㲻Ҫˡ
Ϊѡ˹ȥ£ûٱ˳Ц, ǾŮʷ, ģҲܱȡЦ֡һһ, һ, ҲûˡĳԪһֱ¡
ԪҲ֪ЩͻˣϽ貹ԭǽǾŮʷˡ磬Ҫָˡ
лһЦ, ǻף˵ִսԪ, ѹ˵ԵҲͰ, ֻǵλ˾ҪС
ŶԪе档ǹ˾ˣԪλͷϷ壬֥Ů빬һֱڣ빬ҲʮˣҲȥѡϵ˾
һֱԼŲءлݰ˵һ˫۾ģҲ룬ԼôͣĲֲôڣͼߣ
ԪЦһΪֲء
ôܣлݷ˰ۣﶼҪûӲ̨˭۸ȥ
˵ţԪһʱڨڨ֪˵ʲô
ԪȻƵóڱܻЩʲôЦ£һУٲҲȥˣֻԽԽá
лֵ뵱ҿǰˣ˴Ĺ򣬲̬㵹ǱһҪÿ
Ԫ֮֮ȥЩȥ·棬ֻԼͽա
лһ֣ɲ
ڶԪλ˵е˾˾ʮģɫʮֺãȴҲƵ㣬һ˫۾ĵۣɳϣȴôԵ塣
˾˵Ҳ壬ԪôһˣҲû˵ģ׶䣬ͽȥˡ
˵ʲôţл˵Ͳˣߵúܡ
ԪЦЦʲô˶У˾ģҲ㲻ʲôϡ档
ǾֵæǸҴͥ¾ֱȫǸв˾ڡƾ䡢֮£⹬ûʲôСҪ̵ĻӻŮˣСʮһ¶Ѿףⲻвʲô
ԪǾִ˼պ󣬲òпҲԹ˾лŲ֮ˣֱ
ڻٹͷЩµģɨҳҷҵһ֡ǾһҪҪΪд
Ӷ˵ģֻдúõŮֽϻӱʼɡ
ԪԭϵģٵͷʱֱȥлݲȥǴƽ
ǹˣʲôûԴˣֻҶ˵Ԫ³˹ǵĺ˵Բд
лֲĴ
ȴ˵Ϊһǣ·࣬пһССŮʷ£
лһԼҲͲдˣԪߡ
Ůʷ㲻дҪǮģ
лһ۲ۣ
ԪҲȰαظǮȥ
лģҾͿ۸ˣ˭֪дüãʲôײ˵ô׾ͳײˣǹ˵˵Ҳզ
Ԫ˵ֱЦѽһ죬ǸҼò¡
лȴ˵ԪӢĴ˵ԪСˬˣƵŮкܣֻϧԵüȻҪһ
ԪԪӢ⺮µģҲ֪˺δаܶ
Ҳءпš
лǰҶϸһأյԪߵҪ˵ͨˣҲûһϢضǶڰȫ֮ˣҲ̫ˡ
ҲģԪЦСһܰȫֻģԪӢˡ½ڣһȰסġôһ룬Щ
˵Ҳǹ̵ģл̾ԪҿǸ̫ʵ۴ɽģһͨѹټԽ˵ûҲûˣǽ˾ꡣ
꣬ԪʱС
лգۣ䲻֪ţɴϢܾ¶顣˵͵͵죬ǼҾǱԩģǸ
Ԫһ飬⻰Լûɴȴһˡлɫ⻰ֻû˵ԺɲˣȻԴס
ѽûлЦŰ˰ֻ֣Ǹ˵˵ԵҲŲ˵һء
ԪΣлݱﷸ𣺡ɣң
ԪЦ룬ӣ
лƲ죬˽·߿ήݣﵱȻ᲻˵ֱ׵ˣ㲻СҪ⹬ڼѰʵϽĺ˵ĺáҵͬⰡⱲӾŮˣһӶûãָܳͷأأӲͽˡ
ãлһ̯֣Ҳûţ˸ССǾ˾ŮʷҲ֪ҵڼûٰ׼ͷ
ԭҲǸѹġԪ룬οĳ·Ͳء
лһÿֵҾҲͦãгдÿ²ʲôҲǮãĺȥ
˵һһ̳ȥ÷𣬽£ǲ͵úȵˡ
˵꣬Ԫ
ԪںЦ㡣
лŲˡתǵţӭײˡֻһ죬صӡ
лݿǰˣʧɫأ˾
ԪһƣǱײģɲǵ˾ٿлݣ˲ӣһ˴ģ
˾һ䣬ײˣһģĴţԪޱһҲʼл
֪˾ǵûƿڴ෴ֻƮƮһۣδ˵ȶȥӡ
ԪסʶҲͶȥż
ţ̧ͷлվ﷢㶣ֳ˳ѡлŷӦϽҲæʰӡ
м˵˾ôӡ
һʱڰӶѸԻعУлΣŰæУվڻ˾
˾ȴδӣˣʵǲǰͷдʲô
лݲͻȻһʱĿİǵԪ˵ˡ
˾ˣҲûʲôʾΪҼӾˣҿɲôô򷢵ġ
лˣһͷ˾һ˵⣬һ˵ǣǸ˼ҵĽࡣ
˾Ҳ˵תͷȥ֪˺þƣТңײһ¿ɲˡ
лԭأأ˾ô֪ģ
Ԫ̾˿ɵվˣ߰ɡ


79 
лݲصһ̳÷, ձ˳Ժľϣؼա
ȴʮֵزԸ, ̰Ʊ, ޲ǳſʯͷɹ̫˱ƴһٶȡ
˾ͷ, ³СơվǰŹģ, Ԫʵ, Ǹ϶˾
Ҳ˾˵, ͷãԺаΣҲ֣֮Ҿһ£ɹ̫, 񲻿գ
ǿˣֻлľ, Ƶʱ޲ֶ, ÿֻֻμΡ
˾ɴԼ, л˾̳, ͸ҵıﶼˡ
¾̳ӣ˵СʲôûǻС˵ų˿ھƣֵ, õĶǡ
ָлһء
ԪԼƳ, ǵλ˾ǼٵģʵǸģԽ, Խƶ뷨
ԼԪ̫ˣ˾תͷüһϿʲôĲˡ
ԪعϽӦǡּһͷײоһڣ۾һҲ̫ó˰ɡ
˾ó԰ɣҵֺòˡ
Ԫһˣ˳ڵ濴˾㻹ˣôóԡ
˾һ˵ʲôôͲˣ
ԪЦҲǸ˼
˾Ҳ֪˿ھƣҲ֪ˣҳƽƽûʲôûơ
˵ָԼһǱƣЦѵʱﶼ벻ˣ³һ죬Ҳѧˡ
˾Ʊȥϣӵ˵ϲȣʱˣֻΪӣ㣬һŴײ˾ôһоǰҿ붼ġ
Ԫлݶδϵ˾ͻȻ˵֮ǰ£һʱ֪˵Щʲô
˾οԪҸ˵⹬ݸ߲ȵ͵˶ȥˣͱ죬ǲȥдһļɻ䣬һ룬ɻ䣬ǻ㡣ȥˣǲ治ֵá
Ԫգգۣǵڣǲдһ˸أȻ˾ѾԻء
˾һӣһȿƾƵлһ
㣬˵Ԫ˾˵лݣ˵Ǹɵģ㻹ǸɵģǲҪԪдҲŲдǽءôܲż
Ǽ¶ǣлЩͷˣҲʹ˾ƲƲ죬˾㻹˼ңԼҲǱż𣿡
ԪĿӶ˰УֻԼֲ죬ȥлݵһ졣
Ȼ˾˿⣬ߵǰˣһһء
лݱֹţֲõڻֻǸ˾
ţ˾˿лݵֱ˵ʲôأ㻹Ĳء
лԼôֱί㻹ҵľء
˾ÿӣô˵أҿϷ壡
лݱ죬Ҫ޳ˡ
Ԫģ˵˵ġͷٻԼ̬²Ҫ߸Լ
лݺ˾Ȼѣʱ˾Ͷſϣ˵Ԫܣһ
顱Ժš
ԪŤͷ˹ȥȴźֻ̽Դ˼С̫١
ôѽԪЦ֣
ŴͷЦֲǰͷûԭǶСˡ˷ϵлˣüͷһ壬Ǻ˶ٰ
ԪЦû٣Լǳһ˵ţҪȥһֻɾѵˣҲһ
ٻøϽ֣𣬿ɱū澾͸ûˣֻһ˶ǣȥ·ϲˡ
Ȼ˵ԪҲͲǿֻ£ʵôˣ
Цūȥ̫Ͷ˵Ǿд֡ǰͷֻ֣ˣѰġ
ԭֵġԪЦһھƣʵΣǰдĴ
ȴҡͷû˼
ԪЦ㻹Ķð˶٣˵ûˣԳūˡҪū澣Ҳˡ
Цʹã
Ԫһüָſŵˣˣʲôʹʹõģ
һҲǣͷſˡ
ԪűʣµľƣٴʵǰֲÿҲû˼ɣֲơ
ЦʱţддĻȥǵ±ضˡ˼һˣЩ˵ģȻҲٲ˺ôˡ
ԪЦԭǴ⣬һΪר̹̽ҵء
ٺٺЦţԴ˭֪ǰͷ
ƹ㾫ˣλ᲻֪Ϊβǰͷдֻ˵Ϊ˹˼ӣԪҲ͵ֻ֪ЦҪ׸һˡ
ô᣿˵ţӻͳһֽչЦ˵ǰͷ͵˵ֽͱī
ԪǴֽĿ࣬СӣΪֳRһ㻶ģǲ
ͷ̾˶ҲѵˡˣϣҾдһɡ
дãæȵĥ
ԪҪվֶסִ֪ˣѰ鷳ʣֲҲѰҵ鷳
ٺ⣺ʲô⹬˭֪Ǿʥ϶û취һˣССһʲôǵǿ˶֪ģֻȺ۵СˣŻᰵʹǰĵֶΡ
Ԫ룬Цڿ
ٺٺЦˣԼͺá
ǽ壬תƵڣԪֽ̯˰ϣֽѹˣ˱ʣȴַѣдʲôأ
ʾǵ²ϲЩ׵ģҪŵģʲô÷Կຮ֮ġ
ԪһЦˣ÷Կຮأʲôײ׵ģģҪײźء
һ˵ʱӿһ仰ʾд٣Ǭ¥ļ
پ⸱˼飬ɵüǲҲ̫˵㣿˼ҹǰġ
㶮ʲôԪűīء
ƽƽ˫ȫ֮֮
پ⸱ȥһ·ϻ̾òҵ¸ǰֵòͷûλȴôһ䣬ĵ˵ţǲִյĶ㲻ͣǸˡ
ٰ̾ţȻǲܶȵģһȶˣӶˡ
ص˼ǵλ£֪ԪдһȻϲǳͽչԼϸϸһغ°۵дǺãֻսֽǸ飬΢΢üǲʺҵĵſڰɡ
ǰǰɣ棬Ȼҵµģ١
ūҲô˵أԪŮʷ˵ˣҲ׵ĺô˶ףǾͲˣ׼š죬ū˵
׼ţRϸϸһ˼ҲЦˣ˵öԣ׼š˵һ֣ǵſڣһ
⵹ǹʼδģԭţҵܺվͬһأ⵹֮죬ǽ˴ֲ
վֻһ˵ļįӴٰ̾Ǻ⸱


80 
˾Ѻ, ȻΪڣô͸лݺԪɵһȾأ
˾ÿҪɱƵŵлݣ, Ԫ, ȫȻǵ˾ʱ˵Ļˡ
ܺ, ˾, ǾֻʣԪһˡһ졭
Ƕ˲, ԪЦ, ǵ˵ЩʲôˣЦţӦû˵ʲô治Ļɣȥлݡ
лģԼ˵ЩʲôЩʲôԼôصԼϵģһ֪, Ԫˣֻҡͷ
˾ȴǰҧ, һԪ, һΪѾȫ, ˿ȴҪװһ֪, ƫƫû취
ˣ˾ͷۣɴͲȥˣǳϦ, һֱʮ, ﶼ£ҲǸǷżˡ
Ԫ룬ƽʱ, Ҳż˲ࣿ
ǿͷ˾ֲ˾䣺ģǰֵ㣬ٳȥǡ
ȻûģлѾָͷˣîԶ˯ʱˡԪŻ㰲ֵģ˾úܣһˣԼ밲֣Ҳֲܽȥ
ֵⶼЩʲô˰˾̾µһ꣬Ҫϼͷˡ
ЩŮٻǴ󷽵ģһ٣ԵĺȵĴõģšԪЩõģʣµĶһһãȥҴͥ¾֣ýԪҲܹꡣִȳһȥ¾ֵùãҴ̫ͥаýǶտŵԪˡ
Ҳ컯ŪˣȥʱԽһӾһｻ䣬˭ϵõЩ顣Ҳǽꡣ
ʮϦҹʥں蹬磬ɡȻ׹ݡԪЩŮǣλλУ˶ԼãȥϦҹ
ԪлҲ˻СˣӲק˾һص飬˾ԭģֱԪһ䣬ϺõĴ˾ŰǲԸǱջ
Ԫǳ׼ˣУƫƫϲȡ
ˡлݶһëǣҴ£Ŷ˴ϡ
ԪȥţҪȥشʱ˾ͷ죬˵ȳŰɣ͸͸Ȼʱһůζ
ԪһҲǣ˻ȥ
лѾ˾ƣԪȾ˾ƱԲЦ⣺Ǿӭ£ȸһ
ԪҲЦţ˱ӡ
˾鲻ԸģҲɨǵˣҲٱһء
ԿԡлȲʼů̸ɫͲߣɶҸأء۰ͰͿӣ޲ţһˡ
Ŷ˾ü˼ǣ׳Եģ
лһ㶣ҿû˼˾ˡֱԩ
Ԫ˿ˣлݵˣ˾˸㿪Цأ棬԰㡣Ц
лݲˣ죺˭ҪԲѽò׹ڣҪ⣡ôԹţȴûֱͣ͡
㻹Ŀڲһ˾
лò£粵˶ѾˣҪǲȥǲ˷ǿɶҰ׻ӻأҿɲҪ˷ˡֹţ˿ҪȥƬ
˾ôԹȥ˾ơ
Ԫ˾ˣƿɱ÷Ҫ󾢴ö࣬һһġ
˾бۿôҸȹ˰
Ԫһ˺ҲԹλ˾ģƢһܸԶԶˡ
Уû˵ɡԪ˹֣ôȣôȡ
˾Ƣˣ٣һƫˡҲ쳤˿ӣȥ⡣
ⶼʲôһȺСӣԪЦҰᣬҲҪЩ
䲻гůǺóԵģԪлݷЩӣкþԣһʱˣҲûʲô٣Ʊյ
ԪԪ֪Ǹùֻϧѽ˾һԪļ磬ϧúõһ֮λۿҪֿɵˣٵֵѼӣˣ˵
ȴлݺǳ˵Ŵ˸öûɾ˵䵽ҴͥﵱСŮġӣ߷߲ƽ·һеһ㡣
ڵԪмƬëǣϰ£պ˽ͽøԴࡣ
˾Ե㣬˿ˮص֪㿼Եƪ£Ϊʲôдôãȴûܽй𣿡
ԪּƬëǣ˳ʵΪʲôأ
˾ߺЦˣƬëǣҾ͸㡣
ԪƳһֻۣշ죬ۺˮȻ˵ġǸ˾Ƭëǣιˡ
˾ëǣЦˣŵʵѽ㹻ȥйֵʸΪ˴ûȥɡ
ԪѲµܲסһлҲҪԼҲƬëǣһůһ߽ӹͷʵ˭أ
˾ٺЦţſӣָָͷ֮УмŮٿأ
Ԫһʥϣ
˾һǡ㣬սԪ֮˭
ԪһҪڣͱ˾ҡͷֹˡգգۣԪһӾͼƬëǡ
ҵģл̵ģ
˾ûպֱӾͽëͽóԡ
лҪޣԪ㿴
ԪЦŰοٸһƬˡ
ĺ󾢹ȻԪƾһ֮Ų˴ȥǸǺ˱ӣʣԼߣʣµĲȡ
˵һ죬ԪͿRԴⷭ˽˿⣬ֻü̵Ͳܴߣ
RӣЦϰˡ
ԪȥѰһɾǰŹϵŲԣʣµģ˵ǲǷģ
RٺЦţʲôҪҪǣ˭һԡ
컬ࡣԪ˸ۡ룬е㵣ģӹ˳Ҳµʱң
RһԾԼ˾ƣһνİɣˣٲҵġ
˵ƽƽԪȴżġǾ˾Ʊ˵ҲգҲһ죬ˣǾһ
ˬ졣RЦ
ⱭƣԪ˲ˣʵǰ˵ǿˣ㻹Ҫ𣿽춼ʮˣأ
Rů﷭⣬𼱣˾ˡ
ʲôԪƲ죬̳һƬR
RٺЦţһ˫۾ֱֱ˸߲ҳƬ⡣
ԪȴĴ⣺ѩˡ
RŤͷ˹ȥɲ֪ʱͷѾȻƮѩ
ɵǣԶȼ̻һſ̻ХųʣųѤõĻ
´ˡԪ۵©Цž˾Ʊ˵ѩ׷꣬Ǹͷ£ǰ֣´졣
R˾Ʊϣࡣ


81 
ѩԽԽ, RȴվȥȡһԼϵĶ񣬹ҪԪϡ
ʲôԪʰǽ, ʵ
R㲻ҪʹȥԪ, Ц, ʰ, ߰ɡ
ԪŽ, ʲô, Ҫȥ˸̻ʲôģɾҪͷˡ
ѾһѩһŲȥǳǳһӡRǰͷŵͷһ, ·
ԪŲᣬRû, ͷʱ, ͷԼĽӡһһ˹
Ԫ̧ͷԼ, Цۡ
RԼĽӡȤ, ɵҲЦˣⰮûǲһ㡣
Ԫ˵죬־ȥıߴЩߡ
RˣԼǰ, ׽Ԫһֻ, ߬˵һߡߡ⻰û˼˵ڣֻԼת˸ء
ʱҶڸ, ԪҲʹ˵ӣǣԼߡ
ԼĪһյĹԪǰͷԼԼĵطüǲǡ
ʥ׹ݵĵط
û¶Ϳ쵽ˡR
Ԫ룬Ǿһذɡ
·ߵһƫRƿţкˣɡ
Ԫ߽ƫڣһŷѩӿ룬һҡڡ
С㣡
ȴһϤ
Ԫһɵϲģ
ǱվŵķŮӣģ˭
С㡭СܼԪĸǰһۣҪȥ
ԪϽһס𣬿
վֱӣԪϸϸһغЦãûݶ١
ԭҪ˵ģһ⻰ЦˣСǵģʲôʱˣȡЦֵ
ԪҲЦˣĵĸ첲ٴ²鿴һأôģ
ĵС㣬ӽġ
ӣԪɻĪֹӣ
ĻеڶأЦѾˡ
ˣԪ𣬽֮ǰֳ磬ӦԼļŮǣģɼӦԼԳеһˡ
ҲãЦҲǸȥӣҲͷˡˣأ
֪ľˣЩΪѣҺľǻһֻˣͲö֪ˡ
ҲˣԪ룬٣ܱȫĺľѾȫԸˡ
ôľʡ
Ц߱иѾڣ˶ʶõģýҺľһӣֻһѰСѽ
⵹ˣԪͷѾͷòã
أܸܳܺɻЦ
ǾͺáԪų׷ģˣǾͰţʲôʲôӦ
ĵ۾˲ֺˣС㡭ţֻ˵
Ԫȴסģıο֪ˣҲš
ǰھ¾ڱϣҪˡ
ʱޣĴһ͵ûȥźˡ뿪һͷԪվڵſڣʼ΢Цųֱ֣ӰʧڹսǴ
RߵԪıΣ㻹ϲ𣿡ʡ
ԪڹľͷããһƬɫ
ϲ˵лл㡣
ȥ︴աлݲ֪һֻСèԪķֽסûãŵ˾Ҳ֪ˡ˳ιС
СèСܳèԪǾŪ˵ţÿιСèǾҲûʲôҪ£ιСèԵǼˣ
ڸСèȡϣ˾л˵ͻ˾Ҫū˵Ȥл̫˵èҪȡźûóãͽСƣǻëġ
ԪãڸȡϣлݵˮƽҰӢǲ¡
ⳡִվлݵʤգϾСèģӵվȨ˭ԪҲͶˡСơһƱأΨһѡ񡰻ūƱ˾Ϊ˸ü졣
СһһճҲһһů
лݺ˾ҪСιʳʯͷʱּ˵̫˼ԪŮʷ鷨Ϊͣзһ䳭д
Ϊ̫ﳭд𾭣һҫֻͨи߽Ůٺ;ϵĺʸΪ̫д𾭣¶䵽Ԫͷϣָ̫Ҫдֵ޲ۡ
лݣƷĽֵǮ
˾ôԴˣǵǮȥˡ
ԪΪ̫ﳭд𾭵ĺò£ԭƽЩæµ
лûһлɴͱСƣȥŴǰʹԪдǰˣһͨ
˾֪ˣһٴ
ɵɵľַش֮㵽֪֪ʲô躹ޣ˾ɸ֡
лݱԴûٳͷôֵ˾ͲУ
˾úЦһǰǳ˲ٷͷ㿴ڣһ̯֣Ǹʲôӣ
л²˵ˡã໳СƵԴԺעЩˡ
㣬˾ĿҲͷЩǹˣ߹·Ǿͱˡ
лţʵǣСƽ˯𣿡
˾һ㶣̶־ʹСƣʲôЦֵˣлݣüһء
ţ£ԪҲ˷𾭡
ʰһͷȥ
ӣڵſӭȥڡ
ûüϲأ·ϣЦϻؼŽ㣬㻹ҴͥģǾֵˡ
ԪҲܸˣûţĶȴǵ˵ģл㡣
Щ˼ЩСؽǨ֮ϲѡ
ءԪЦλ
ҵȻ˵õģҲ˴Щ˿϶ûôãϺһ϶û۸ͣίҲ֪˵ҧҲû¡
ԪοҲļ⹬ǿ˭ùá
ͷİɣҶá
˵ŻҲ͵ˡȥֳͨԪȥ
̫żҳѣ޼֦ƿǮڲ࣬ʱΪ̫⣬֦üһ֡
Ԫ̫һ֦ĻЦ𾭶ˣ
Ԫף˳̫Ļˡ
˳Щ𾭣ֻ̫ɨһۣ˵ͷԪ廨𣿡
ԪɵͷһЩ
̫֣Ǯ˵ҼǵµѩһЩɣԪŮʷΪҳ࣬Ҳʢһ
Ǯǣůڵ˶ȥ
ԪϥΪ̫ﳭдū澵ĸ֣̫ʹ͡
̫Цһˮѣ㲻ʲôʹ͡˵ֽǰ
Ԫ̫廨̫дЩʱգʲô룿
Ԫ룬ʹľƽİ
̧̫ۿһأЦŵ˵ͷҲû׳
Ԫ۲˵ֻһ֦ȥ
̫˻֦˱ỵ̄ȥһأʣ֪ΪʲôҪ㳭д𣿡
Ԫʵʵ˵ū澲֪
̫Ҳ֣͵ϾǴԣҲҪȥԳԵĹ½㡣氧ҳдЩ𾭣ȥǰҲΪԪˡ
ԪӦǣֹµл̫䡣
̫һֵ˷ԣͬȥ
ңԪһʱס


82 
, 㡣̫ЦһãȻ͵, 㳭, ұǴͬȥ, ҲǺ, Ҳû˵ʲô
⻰ǲ, Ԫ, ֻ·ͻȻδ׷Ӧ
ȥ׼׼ʱ氧ҵĳΰɡ̫
ԪеϡͿģǴӦǡ
̫ãȻһ˼, м£ҲԸ㱻ڹ, Ż֪, ôиףҲڵʱʧ̬
˼һ˵, ԪһĶȻ
̫С, һԵĲѣһںȥϦʱʥºͬ, ˵еĶŮ, ΨϾŻһˣδңһм, δԵ塣
̫˵ţעԪɫãʧ̬ԪŮȵסаޡ
ʥԭҪڿΪϾһ£ֻǽں󿪳·ӣΨе¼䣬ŴԵʱ򣬷пա˼ǽŴԵ壬׼ƷϹԱЯҾǰͰҺ࿴
ʵ̫󿪿֮ԪҲϵ˻Ｑææ׼һϢʱǾЩѹѹһʱЩ
̫棬ǾԼ̫ģΪԪҵ£˾£ʢ⣬ֵ껪ʥϺ̫ΪǣҲǴȱĳ۶Ůˡ
̫˵ҲϧûԪ³Ǽ£ǰŮӣβǸϱֻϧ컯Ūˡ
ʵ̫˵ϾǺӣϲģǰҴͥĹˣ⻰˵ǾֵŮʷˣ㣬⾸֮λǲܵģԸ⣬Ͼ㣬аұ㣬Ҳ˵Щʲô
Ԫ檣δѡ
̫һʱ֪˵Щʲôֻҵúܣͷۡ
̫⻰˵̫ͻȻ̾ϣδ̫ǿѣֻ㣬ԸԸ⻹ԼȻˣģ֪֪֪֪û˻֪ģϾţҲֻ֪Լ룬߰ҡ
Ԫ֪ôӳ߳ģôصǾ֡һֱڱȥԵǼ飬ڳչǰ
Ȼǲ¸ңֻͷڹ갡
лݿԪһʧǵӣҲֻҡҡͷ˵ԼͷۣȽȥЪˡ
лݾ֣ԪʲʲôûǸȥ̽Ϣ˼ȥֻ˾
˾ˣ֪ضڳ﷢ЩʲôԪ˵ҲȥʣĪţʲô飬ԪǹﶼԼ㶨ԼûôĹ
ôһ룬ͰοлݣҪ룬Һһ˵Ԫľֻͷۣͺء
лݽŽɣ˾㽫СƣСһԽǴʡ
˵ڶգԪȻһͬ˵˵ЦЦ̫Ҫȥ顣
лĽԭȺ£Ҫ˵Ǳϲóͷԡ
ԪҲֻЦţӦӹʵС
˾ȴлü򵥣˵ʱԪʵͬ˵̫У׷Щʲô
ԪлݺúŪ곤ԼڹеʱҲԼ˼Ҳδɣ콫һжг
˾ĻҲδ˼ֻһ仰ԸΪ𣿡
ԪĬãڻǴҲԸ⡣
⻰˵ڣԾһɣֿЦҲԸΪ檣ҲԸΪ檡ҪΨһޣ룬ûңҲΪȢ
˾ʵ˵ǲĺ˽̫˽ˣ
˾ȴЦˣ⻰ˣǻᱻ˵˽ңҪ˵ңҲô롣
˾
˾ЦЦ֪̾ΪֻǸСС˾մ޵ˣҪ˵ʥǰľǷˣĳء
˾˵Ц־͹֣ҵܾʥҪΪɡ
ʲô⻰Ԫȴͷһ˵
˾ЦˣǵλʥϣˣȻλãôˮ͵ϧֱӸ޵أ
⻰˵ԪЩѿԪصǼ£ʵ㲻ùʡ
˾ȴ⣬˵ҵʱʥϵֻԸ빬Ů٣ɣڷǰģޣ־塣ʥǾɨˣҲͰˡ
ԪõţǵλʥƺǴ˵խ֮ˣ㵽ڻֻǸСС˾أ
˾Ц⣬͵ǵĻʺˡ
ԭԪˣضϢ˻ʺУôһ£˾ְ
˾ֵͬ˵⻰ҲΪ˸㣬ͬһĲΪ檣檣Ҳ檡
ԪĿת˾֪˾һ˿˶ãЩദ֪˾Ǹľ߲Żˣ壬飬ửԪʶеٮٮߡɼӵĲŻֻԸʼ檣ֻ򱻼ʣҲֻССһ֮ڣ޴ʩչ
֥Ԫץ֣˵Щ꣬ίˡ
˾֥ͻȻͿһ߿ޣһﱧԹԼԪģɵôͱοأ̫ûϢˣ
Ԫ˽Ҳ̹ȻԵR̤Ǿ֣˵ĺߣֱߵԪĸǰʱҲǰЦţ
²裬RҡҡԼĹӣҺò׵ģҪͬˡ
ԪͻȻСƣÿҪõʱҲĵ߲ȥ뵽Ц
¯ϵˮðлԾرèȥˣˡԪȥˮˮעУ˲ͳĲ㡣
ȻǺò衣RʹţԿһЩӡ
ԪЦһүҪʹǮȥҶ
ǿɲRһүҲǿȡᰡûǮҪġ
ûТ㣿ԪЦʡ
Rһӣҿ١
ԪƲҡҡͷݺ˲ҶѣеһյRǰ
ĸ˵ˣδԣҪͬȥR˲ѣ˳סָЦĸȻҵġ
ԪЦţȴѿʼƫƫ˵ֻЦ̫ӣ˭ȤţֲɫԼ֣£װȥƷ²衣
˵ҲǡRЦţҲҿӣ˿²裬̾Ȼò衣
˵ţֿԪЦܾãһжҪˡ
ԪҲЦˣ˵İɣõġ


83 
ھȪɽΧС겻ͬ, ʥϵĶͣƷϹԱЯͬԱҪֵöࡣ
ԱŮ, ֻʺһ˽Ӵ, Խݵĺ, ҲҪһЩȥ״򲻶ʺ, ʥϻ˻ݡº, ½óˡˡ, ֵúܡ
Ԫ̫ļһ˿СȪɽΧͷһ֮ɽɽȪɽྩҪԶö࣬ƺƵ̵ִɽΧʱ, Ѿǵڶհˡ
Ȫɽɽˮݷïɽľï, ԡ, ȪɽǵȪ, дٹ˶ڴȪɽׯ, һʼйˡ
˷Ϊ˴ԣʥϱûɽĻʼйֻɽӪ, δʧ˴Ȥζ
Ű, ̫̫¡
ԪóRһãһֳҲ, һʶſڿۡ
̫ݶа̾ǵǽɡ
ȥˡһ̣Rֳͽˡ
ݼ̫򸣽𰲡ֳݵ
Rȴ§ĸĸ첲ЦҲĸ밲ˡ
̫־Ķͷϴ˴ѽСͷȥֳڰض񡣡̫Ц
ֳվйŮԲչ¡̫˼ĻֳҲһһˡ
ǿǿϧˣ̫̾ԭһţҲδĸˣĳ룬ֲˡ
ֳĸҲһֱ̫أֻβܳУҶ̫ǰТġ
̫Ц۾гһ죺ϹͷҪڸǰѵһΧȥɣڰš
RƤЦ˭˵Ϲͷţĸء
̫˵˼̧־첲£ҲǸ߸߾¡㶼˵ĸˣأ̫Ц
ǣôᣬ͸ʮ߰ĴһRЦ
̫󳹵ױЦˣ̧Ҫȥ򣺡Խûˣﶼͷأȥȥȥȥͷȥ̫ǡ
RƤﲻֻЦʲôֻϲŻĸĶҲȥ
̫ЦȥԴ㲻ȥɾĸһˡ
RǸˣ˴δԣ׼йԱЯΪʲôһ
һЩٶ˾Ȼ֪Ů˼ңǿ˾شţΪľҪδһչɡⲻûȪɽΧأѾʾˡóRһӳȵΧ
̫¶Զ׼ǰ϶RɨһԴԪֳֺ˸һ̱ɲ֪Ϊ߸׼ģ
ԣţȢްϣһңȴϥӡ
߻Ӷ˸ĸȢϣֻϧλ̸ڽ´
RλֳȴҲǺ
̫ȻҲףԣͶ鵢鲻ãɽҪģȴΪϾЩԱҵŮĸԸԣСģͬĸȥž͸ģ
̫ҪڣR˵ٲãﻹиأ׶ûˣλ󳼽Ϊգ
ֳ䲻ͽˮԼȥƣЦ̫ɶƼ׶˰ɣô۸Щ˵ġ
̫Ц
һƴڻҲͱڹȥˡ
һʱʱҲˣ̫ţŴߡ
R뿪ʱҪȥԪʱ˵С֡
ԪסţδüRѾֳͬ繴˼˱λԶˡվԭأһ̾˿ȥ
̫ھǰͷԪкȥ
Ԫӹǰ̴ľᣬ̫˳ͷ
̫Ծп绪ïŮӣüĿ续ʩ죬ҲʻͬˮܽءõͣȴҪľһ̫˼ˣһ̾Ϣ
Ԫ÷ȴҲûڣֻĬĬͷ
̫˵˺˼ҲҲ˸߰˷֡˶٣ż˵ǲԸ⣬ҲóġΪãҲΪԼá
ԪЦʲôΪã˵ףΪ˵Ԫľأ̫ﻹ˶Ҳ御ˡȻҲǶڳRϡ
ϹϾ̫ģū澶׵ġ
̫תͷ΢΢ͷӣҲְҺģ
ϲϣϡ
ڶմԴ䣬ʥһ֧ʽʼ
ӵܡſǶҪǰ¶һ֣Ϊǰ̣Ϊĳһŷġ
Ԫ̫ۿųRʧҰعͷǡöνߡԶһ£漴Ʋûһ㡣
ƫƫۼ⣬ƵʱСӴ楽㣬˵ǰԪҵλСõúţôţȴǸأ
νŤͷбŻ˵㷽˵ʲôû塣
㣡˼һСʱͨ졣
һԵĽǽãĺý۸ⲻޣͦǰ˵Ļظһ顣
Ԫа̾һ廨ͷһݡ
˵߶߿˹νΪЦӯӯģǵŶЩʲôأ
˺ͽλཻ٣ֻ֪סʥϵ巵ȥڿˣپǻʺķǵȴҲֻȥճ밲ʺģȥҴңѹ˵ʲô
ʥļϵˣЩƲǰɣ߲ɵͲͣ⹬ûãų̂ʥϵĳ谮Ҳǽռȥ˴룬ԲŸơ
֪ѹβǹȻĳܲɫػػɽûˡϾνôҲ楣ôʥϳ谮ҲֻǸСС˲ˣײԼλݸߵɣѾǲˡ
Ϊأ⻰ʴˣ˵ףҲֻǽסԪҸϣַѪףԶ룬Ҳ֮顣ǵ£λԪŮʷȴǴϹͷŽýأҪʣҲǡ
˵⻰ĲǱˣһ˫һۣЦӯӯ˵
Լˣ˽˶ʱӲ˵ǣǳ檺Ϳˣûͷơ
ͻȻͱἰԪأҲ䡣ָһƬʲҸ̧ɨһȦЦʥֹἰǼ£ôѲɳ˹λҪΥʥ𣿡
һӾͽʥϰ˳˱ƿˣҲɫ
ʺ״һ˵ЩȤģǶ²¿˷ԣεͷĻһ
ʺ̵̨úãæͷ׷һĻļҵүӡ
׵˸ûȤ˺ͽˣһӻûضתͷǱߵԪĻͷȴûһ㣬һֱ⣬һ۶û࿴ǣߡ
üͷһ壬˸˴һֹ˵˺һ󣬷ɢã϶ŵЦ


84 
ͷ, ̨ϵɡԱŮ춼ѵȵòͷˣ֪˭һˣ
쳤˲ȥȻԶԶͿһ, ߳۳Ҷ, ̫Զ, ϳ˭
˼, ׷վ, ²ļҵĹӡ
˽, ˳ףǲǻ𣿡
ԪҲ˳һϮģм֮ԵĻݻ㡣
ǻݣȺʱȻ
ʲôʱȥģ
ֵ˵ûأ
Ǵ, ǵϷһŮ֮, Ҳȥͣ
۴˷, Ǳ֮˵
Ԫȴ̾һ, 治Ů
Իһֻ˶Ұ, ｻǰĹˣԼܲͶʩʩȻ߻Լλ, ӹŮĲˮ, һ
ʥԻûлʱ̨̫󣬿˼ֻ˺Ȳ, ڡǵڶʺ󣬼̫˵ֶòڵǺù򣬾ȻһԻӡ
ǻʺ˵վʺޣ檲С׳ˡ
ʺЦŵ˵ͷ
һԽȴֹţεͷˣ˵ʲôС
÷ЩС۵ɣһ£νٱңףҲʾ⡣
˸գˣЩ¡
һʱȥԵ˶һһˣʥҲˣ˵ݰͷϲãǰǿһأʹණ
ʺЦӯӯģһ˿Ĳã˵Щ
ʥ¸ߣ콨ҳ翪ţŮҲ䣬ҽŮҲĺһֺ򣬴˷Ů²ҲһýŮҲܲμӡ
ʥϵͷ˵ǣǴԣҲֻǸʽ˶ɱͰҲ֡
ʥһ仰־Ͱ
ҽŮԵʥϵĸǰЦ£Ůġ
ʥһۣ޼ǵãǹ
Цɲǣ
ʥϵ˵ͷ˿ιĵģĸûһ㣬޾͵ſˡ
ᣬʥϻе죬ʥ˵Ǵ˵ӵŮбʧ
Цˣֱˣȥ׼ɡ
ˡ
Ůˣתͷʥʺ£ǿŮΣ
ʥֻ˵Цʺ˵á˵ţȥŵĳRϾţӼС㣬ɺã
RֳҪôտֻʸ룬էȻʺصҲúá
ʺ⣬Ҳһ㶣ϾŽô˵ˣ
ǲҪһ䡰ϱɺáͱRȣ̧ԣΪãǽչ߸СֶӣͦáҪ˵ĸŮǲףãĸĸȻġ˵Żȭ˹֣Ϊģ
RȰһͨ˵ʺˣѹ벻˵ʲôͼR˻ȥֳûǺζ
ǱߵԣҲ÷ԣֻЦһĬǲһ
ʥҲֻû˽˶Ȥ
̫Ƶ÷̾˿һԵԪ˵ƣȥҪǺã
Ԫ򴽣δÿɷ
ǱֵؿʼˣóŮǣһװڳһͷ
ʢǣ볡
κ飬ȴǲԳ֮˵ġ
ʥϿŮ׷һȥʲôȻ֮̾Уá
ʥȻԪʺ˲ɵһǽη壬ʵ£Ǻͻݱأ
ʥϹһЦǲֲ١
Ƥ̧һ£ֻһȴǳ檼ˣˡ
ģʥ϶ʮϲģЦڴҲ̫ϡ
檵Ȼ黳ֻϣгһһһϴǰܡ
ʥϺǺЦˡ
šϸϸҶüֻݽԸûʵˣһתЦˣ䲻ֶŮȴڴ˴Ԫ̧̧°ͣͬǳţ½ڴ˵Ҳһ˰ɡ
Ԫҧ֪Щ˶ȻŹö⣬ֻ˵ʱ̧ͷͨ죬ۺˮӯӯᡣ
һģȫȻʥȴ滨꣬ˡԪʱҲɰ˲ɵ
ض飬ʺʥϲԾͷֶԪ˵ɱവ˷磬ʡͷۡ
Ԫط˾˪֣ʥл檶л¹ػ
ʥϱ㳯֣
ԪɬһЦɾ˪ˣʥȥ
˺ͽ˲òŲĩβλϣһҪҧ顣
̧̫ͷ˿ͷ̾ãɱҪļƵöడһ˼ֹ̫
Ԫβ˼ҵ˼ֻǣվԪء
ֵΧڰǶڸԵСͷıʿҲµĴ紵û˯޲ܾ͵¡
Ԫ̷̫˯º󣬱ĴڳװĴתת˾ʱϽսС
RѵȺˣԪƵĹˣ̲סЦİɣҶ˰ˣûܽ
Ԫ˿Rǣŵƥʱ˲ɴۣⲻǡ
RЦƥİѩ
Ԫǰѩϵ˷ܵشǣֱϲȥ
Ԫס˰ѩԴḧţúӣúӡ
ѩԪתRʵôģ
Rߵ࣬гŮȥʱѾͷڿޣ˵ԪҵƥҪ֪ۡоƥȥŽ˾̧˳˳ѩëδԣô
Ԫ˰ѩģ۾ȴǿ˳Rл㡣΢΢Ц
Rһȥûʲô֮Ͷѡ˶٣źֻϧû档
棿ԪЦͲõˣͰӢߵʱ򣬾úĳ
ԭˡRһתһҾͷˣȻͷѾͷ϶Ҫҵġ
ԪЦţȥ˰ѩһҲֿ
Rһƥȣġ߹ȥǣ߰ɣɽķ羰ǲġ
ԪӦǰš
㣬Rֹǲ˵Щʲô
ԪȻЩʲôװͿ˵ʲôһ޹ʵ
RϽҡͷûûʲô
ʲôô򣬡ҡ
ûʲôRЦţʵ㡭
Ļû˵꣬Ϳǰһ԰ľOO@@ģ


85 
Ȼӹľ, Rֱӿ죬˲齣ʣԷ
Ҫͷ, ԪȴһѰסĸ첲, ס֣
R, ȴͣ
ô£ʡ
Ԫûͻش, ǰһ, Rס
İ, ûµġͷЦЦ֡
RŽɣǸˣУʼվ, һδƺҪǡ
Ԫߵ˵ĸǰ, ü, Сڻ½裿
̧Ĳ¶һ
½, μС㡣ϥµ
Ԫ, ϲȻ㡣
С㡣½迴΢΢Ц
˾RȴЩˣǰ, ֮, ʵô£
ԪҪܣ½裬Ҹ׵İ֮һǰ, £һ£½ͰӢ˳ǡ
ԭԪİRȻֲɾͻ˽˿ûЩڸֲ
½Rȭ񣺡¡
RҲ
Ԫû뵽½裬ıˣӢأ𣿡
½СģСʹ̫̫ƽֻǣЩû˺С㡣
ⲻĹԪЦŰοСȴǸĺӣܳʮֵľģҲûӵġ
׻ʧְ㿴С˼ģҲؾġ½˵ٶȹ¡˫ϥԴСиС𷣡׵
ԪЩΣ½裬ʲôãЩ
ˣҶ˵ĹˡԪٷ㣬һʲô˿ãЦ
½軹ǹû
Ԫ̾Ϣ˷ðΧң²ֻ췣İɣʲô飬һ˵ˣﵢ鲻̫á
½̧ͷ۳Rֹ
Ԫ˳Ҳ˳Rתؿ½裬һػһ˵ҵˣ㲻÷˵
½Ϊֵؿ۳Rٲ˵Щʲôֻܻ㱨Сʹ̫̫ȥ˰ȫĵط󣬱ȥ˺ͷүϢ
ҵˡԪΪ϶˵
Rţаգ½ȴҲͷǣ¼˴ˣүҲȫ
Ԫ̧ۣ𣺡ҵʲô㣿
½˱뱱һү飬Ͼ̫ƽ͢ȥصĹٱǾҷ²࣬Щ˾ҪϱСͣÿһʣȡ߾ƽһǽҵȽʿǰѪһɨ𣿡
⻰ԪŵûʲôRȴһȣϾɳЩԱˣװ
֪ϱСǲһʱģҴǽһձҪʮٲǧĲԽݵȵصİգ˲ɽּ䣬ѰһᣬСϾӡϱˣ˱Ҫϣү飬Խһס
ȻҲŴѱ䡣ԪЦüͷ΢˼һغ½˵ˣȥߵãԪڹˣҶᾡȫǵġ˵ЦúñԼ͵ܵҲҪúõġ
½ȴЩΪھǡ
Ԫһ㶣ŷӦĸʵ½ģҲܴݾǵϢϱߡҲã롣
ˣӻȥϣЩ½裬ǣһĵȴġ
ƽϾս£ȴԽ֮ƽȴһž۵һ졣
½뿪󣬳R˸첲бۿԪüЦˣ
ԪҲбۿôѵô
R̲סЦǣҵȻˣȻ˭أ
Ԫһ֪ͺá
Rȥߣпţ㸸ǹֻ֮ϧ
Ļû˵꣬Ԫ룬Ҫ˵ģΪֶۣپΪĸס
˵ۺ־أҵ뵽ģΪҡ
һҡ֣ɽͷ­Ѫ
׿ɾR
ԪЦͻȻʵ㷽ҪҵģǹλСɣ
Rһ㶣˲ƿߣ𣿡
ػԪսˣ˳R۾ЦΪ㱣ýʺҲϿˣʥû˵ʲôҲĬˣ̫ȻиԵ㿴£Ϊ㿼ء
Խ˵RɫԽѿ㻹˼Ȥңšü
ԪֵΪʲôû˼أ̯֣Ҫˣֲҡ
RɴƹˤǺãȥҾุʣȢŮΪޡ˵վתĹߡ
˼ûԪŤͷʱ˳ŰѩëһǵظһЦӯӯģĿΪζ
վԭأٴα˸첲ˡ
Ԫ͸һ񣺡ŶӦ
ŶһŶRû˱ӣˣظ
Ԫȴһʩˣֻѩš
Rͷ̣ԭҪԪΪζȴû뵽ԼһƥĴ
ã룬ȻԼȥ
̤˹ȥץԪļʹòԼ
Ԫһ㡱δѿڶͱĸˡ
Ҳ֪˶ãR÷ſ˫ĴˣͨһԼʺοӣҵĴƽһЩ
ģҵģ㣬˭ҪԪʹҪҡ
Ԫ۾֪˵ĶĻ½ĵģҲԸȥһѣȥһء
㣬˵һֱ㡣
ϵֱףóRɵһ㶡Ӧһ§뻳
һһȵģıǼĶ䣬˲䣬һ졣
Ԫʲôû˵ֻ§ġ
ҹʥӪ磬лܣ磬ΧｻЦ̡
ʱЦ£˵ӼС赸ʦ赸˾ˣ֪檽ǷңĿСķɣ
ʥЦֻ
Цӣ֪öࡣ˵תʥϣ˴εȷΪ׼һ֧裬Ϊˡ
ʥβ֪׼õģǡҲߣǾ
ʥϵּ⣬ȥ׼ˡռϳ˻ؾʵ򣬿ɵűѾ߸֪λ²δ򼼣;볡λֻӣ֪ȥˡòУΣҹҲҪԼһۡ


86 
ⳡ赸ŵΪλ, һϮҹɫУŮ·ҲˡԪ赸׳, ҲҪһúá
Եһ, ˷׷׹ƽкá
˸޵СǺ, , ض, ĺŮ֪ʱļҵĸ, Ȣ˻ȥ
ǰ˵Ļߵ̧
ʥֻȷúã͡
лкԼ, ʥЦ£ǰѡ, 򲡴, ָͷΪָһ׮¡
ʥȱȱ, ܲס˵һԸ, Ŷģ
ЦʲôãԼа
ʥ쿴롣
ߴģĺÿڡһʺЦµλ֮УֻϾδȢޡ, ˭ֵܵùϾŵķɣ, СضϾˡǳҲ׼ңǿˡ
Ԫ͵͵˳R, ֻ˱ƣǹζЦǱһȺϷ
ŶϾۡʥϵֿ˳RĸĸĻҲˣΣ
Rﰵ׵˦úùԼ檵Щ£ɴȫˡ
㸹̣ȴǹЦĸ˵ģ߸粻Ҳû𣿿߸곤Ȣޡ
ͱǣϵĶ˸ֻּţƫֲԴǣһʱ֪ôźãֻλѰ
ɲô˵ʺЦô˵ҲȢ׵ģҪ˵곤ףʮһ㻹СأҲˣԵ£أ
RЦΪûȢޣвҲһ֪𣿡
ʥڿˡ
˶ʱȫʥȻǶˡ
ʺϽϢŭϾǺȶˣ˵ء
ȶˣʥָ㿴ǸɵӣǺȶˣ޿ǹģҪޣ
£ҲȰ檿»ǵλԪС㣬ŶԪŮʷ
ʥһ⻰ǻðɣתͷҪԪ
Ԫ֪ѻյԼҲ壬̹̹ǰؾع¡
˳RȴǼˣվҪڣȴ̫ȡ
ʵۣ˼ɫΪŮ£ⱾǼ˵飬Ǩŭ޹ˣ
̫󿪿ڣʥҲͲ˵ʲôǱԹѲΪһԪŮϾű㲻Ȣ𣿡
˼ЦºαأǾϲλԪŮʷСΪҲʹ뾸Ϊ檣ȫˣ
˽áҲ͵
⡭룬ֻֻ۾ԪƺײôӦɵﰵ̾⺢ӣСԴͲס
ʺҲͷҲã˵ò
ǡʥϿ˻ǰԪ
£򲻿ɡһģȴν
ʥϿкβɣ
νԪ˱ֹȥԪ࣬µ£ԪŮʷʶʮ꣬ĳ檲˵ֻ£ģƢǶ϶ϲΪ檵ġ
Ԫֱܱ̾һ£ȫǰˡ
ʥϳһҪͼRҲˣԪһ࣬ҽһˣҲҡĸĸĺ⣬ˣСò˫ȫֻҲˣɡ
һɸǻϽ͡˷ǱžģڳộֻóRһ䡰Դ˽Ļʿ
ʥϱЩŪһ¶ûˣ˾Ʊɨˣ
˺ͽ˸ϽǰϢŭϢŭ
ֿ·ŵν񣬺Ц楽ԪŮʷǽ˼þûнôϸء
νδ˵˷ƶδһֻۣʥ£檴δʲôǰ檵һԸھáûȢ֮⣬ԪŮʷҲΪ檵Ը檿£Ҫǿѡ
ããһ楣ʥֶָڶ
£Ϣŭʺˡ
̫󿪿ڵˣúõһţ߰ŵ˵Ǽϲţ氧ȥ¹򾭰ɣȥԸߵǮ㿴ȥ
̫˾٣ڰǣ˭֪R̫ӣТ£²˸˵ʲôֻܿ¡
ԪԻȥʰȥ˲ԶĹ¡
ʱ⿴ˡ
ʶԼϥ
ޱΣ̾ĲףŸôͿ㣬ãΪ㣬ǰ̶Ҫˡ
Ԫ΢΢ЦԵְɡ
Ե֣ޱظһЦԵ֡
ǰһԪ˵ΪãͲġѲһӶȢޣʵӼҵС㣬ͺܺˡ
Ԫ⻰㲻ͬ˵ġ
ֻĻޱֵҲֻ㣬׵ġ
ΪʲôҪ׵ģԪЦʡ
㣡ޱüͲܹãҪһ
ԪɫҶԡáֵЩ롣Ҳȥұ˵뷨ô룬ôһжǳıģңҲΪһˡǸ˿ܻ㣬ڣˡ
ޱɫһѿǼ˵꣺Ϊã⻰͸ȥ˵ҡ
ᱡޱϥһҪȥ¹򾭣ȸˡ
ޱԼȴһ仰˵
ԪսǴײ˸ˡԷ˭΢΢һЦ¡
죬ǻ㡣
ԪֻһᡣԽʱǺԼġ
£ЦžֻǸССŮʷѾõµһ㡯ˡ
ҲЦˣһΪ㣬Ϊ㡣
ԪЦŸһѧ컬ˡ
ЦţƮͷޱŮ֣뿪
Ԫ֪ЩʲôҲﲻʲôæֻܿοżǻеʱ䡣Ĳʯͷܻġ
ЦԭľͲң޸ҲҲʥϵּͼвȰˡң˵̾ϢҪģɲֻǸλáҡҡͷ
ԪһԳǾοֻҪǵһ㣬˵Լģȥ
Ҳһ㣬˵ЦųͲȴѾʼü̧ļ磬Ҳ̫ΪԼˡҲˣ˱ѹʧ䣬ǿԵġӲţ
ֻһӿӣŬЦ㣬ҪȢ㣬öð
û˯ͿʼˣRͻȻð˳һƾк˳ĺϡ
Ÿ磡˺ףίеۣ
۾ͶˡRһۣ˭˵ģҪ㳤ԡ
˵תԪѸٻһЦ߰ɣڵˡ
ԪǸЦЦһЦû£ͱһԵĳRֱӸˣͬʱߴߴԹûԼ
һһ䶷뿪΢΢ЦţģЦ͵ˣûˡ
ںڰоã뿪


87 
ǰµʻ·, ǰͷνͽͣƬ֮󣬾бԪŮʷ楳һȥ˵
ɵԪϳĵһ仰, ˡ
νȴЦţɵ, ҲҪװ, һʱһ, ҲԸ⡣
һȥ¹򾭾ԸˣԪʡ
νͷ, Ҳֻϵ, ҪԶ㣬ǲܡӣҲҪٹˡ˵ǿ࣬Ҳһ, ûٻȴĥĵ
ɵ, ɵ, ԪпţôôɵĽð
ν, ˸첲, ¶Ц⣬˵ˣɡ
νҲЦˣ˹, §Ԫ, ˿˵źáЦ
ͷĳRĶ, ˳̽ô⣬ιܱܲһͷء
ν˳ӣRĹĵһɵЦһĳأûûСġʶʱ㻹֪Ķأܵõͦࡣ
R˵ţ˳Ԫﹰ˹ǲˣұʶģٵʱҾѾˡֱ
Σν̧°ͣмҸһʱ򣬿ɱöˣ㻹ұȣ
RᣬҪϼ䣬ȴνˢһӷˡſڣ޲ܾʹȥˡ
Ҫˡνָָ⣬Цˡ
ԪҲЦһ£ﶺ
νбۿӴˣ
˵ԪЦ
νֵ̧Ķͷװء
ԪҲȥģ˾ôһһµģڳֳһš
RЦĽǼʣƽһκŮ֮
һʱ˹£зɵ֪Ϣһӭ˳
ǱѺ˴򾭵ģһλ£һλǹе楣ǹˣ˭ȥ򾭣ʰֻ᷿Ъ¡
νϷԪһȥ˯̫ǰ֪ٲΪһң͸һ˯ɣǺú˵Ự
RһԺߵһ·˵Ļ٣ѲҪͨ
νô˸ۣһ䣺ֻ֪ĽɣԼһ˻ȥշתɡ˵Ԫߡ
Ԫקߣջͷ۳R֮վԭأǵıӰҧгݡ
ԪνΥһŴϣ˶û˯⣬Ԫ½裬Լ½Ϣһ߸ν֪˳Rεľνˡ
ȻνҪ˾񣺡˵һ£ΡһתԥźĻò˵
Ԫӿڻʲô˵𣿡
νһҲǣ㸽ȥ˵ţȥ巵ͷҶͷ˵Źͱ飬ھΪʲôʥ϶ŭҺҲȥĴˣòΪʧص顣
ݣԪһ̫ͻȻϸ룬֮ʵ̫ˡ
νȴΪ⣺ʲôҪݺ׼òɣǴֲ
⵹ҲǡԪЦȴҪЩҵϢֻܹ˺ùˣ׵һͺˡ
⻰ν֣ྡһжġ
šԪͷͷɳɳ
ν̧ȥͷľӣЦҺûиڣء
ͻȻ˳RԪסЦôúõ˵
˵ãνıӣһӶʸ־壬֪Ľ𣿡
ԪƲ죺ֻ֪жҡ
ҲΪĽòŻޡν˵̾ңͻ֪ڶҲԵĽء
ޣԪЦʡ
ν룬ҡҡͷޡ˵꣬ȴƽѾԽʱҪúõöˣҸġһϣܺãҹúá
ʵĹ⣬Ԫˮ뵣̾ϢͬŮӣ׽ãȴ׽ûҪס׽òΪײʥϣ͸ңмأ
ȥνıοİɣõġ
ڶգΪǮڣԪ˻ʵʵȥǰˡԪν񵹻ãв£ǰϡΨRӲֶûһͲͷˣ޲緹
ҪϷˣһǱ߹ؾع򾭵ʱñһЦ˵İɣˡ
ȴֳ
Rعͷȥͼֳ̫һȴǻݣЦӯӯ
ԪνҲعͷ̫ˣæʰ
ɡ̫Цŵзϰ˰ݣһ㡣
һԳR˵ֳ磬ʵҲк
ֳǺЦЦ̧̧̫°ͣҲ̫ﲻ
R˸ۣĸǶЦˡ
̫ڰݷԴȴƳ۾ͻȻǰҼüŪ۵ģҲǴ
R죬Цƻĸ˵ģǴˣĻƽϣ
ֳߵǷ棬ΪǴշأ
˵ôҶЦ
Rһȥֳ磺˵û˵ư͡
ֳǴֹ˵ģҲػؾ
ˣ̫ǿȥˣСˣ֣Ҫȥ˷徻˼
RٺЦţʮֹȵȥĸڵĸûˣĴߣһſڿӵ񴺾ʢﻨľһ򱻴úãȥ̫ϧˡ
̫β˼ָĶͷһ㣬һҲЪסǲ򾭰ɡ
RЦţƲ˵ô˵棬ĸôҲӣô˵ҲǸء
ӴҲ㻹Ǹء̫һۣҿͦ᲻˵ģӵںˡ
RϽ˼Ҿȥ˵˻ĸǻǿȥɡһƵľ͸˼Ҵˡ
һʱֻʣԪν񡢻ֳˡֳӣڨڨǣҲȳȥˡ
ӡȴν񿪿ڽס
ֳͷνȴ֧֧ңʣ˿Уù緹ҪҪг׼Щȵ棿
ֳЦˣµģʱѾԱˡ˵ŻԼĶӣ̧ͷЦЦųȥˡ
ν·лҪ˵ȴֹֻܿԶˡ
ڿ˿νЦôأ
νŻعһʱͨ죺㣬֪Ȥң˵űȥ·ˡ
Ԫ˿νֿ˿㣬ٿν𷽲ŵĳһͷ
ɣȻ


88 
νʲôʱֳĺøأԪԴ, ҲûɴֱӾȥˡ
ûڣνҲͲŤ, ˵㻹ǵӫݵǳƻ𣿡
Ԫ, ڻȻ
Ϊֹ, Ϊ, ǳ, Ķһ̵ֻ
ҵһξ, иԼͦõġνЦѹҲϲãƽ·˵Ǹ˲Լһ㡣
Ҳͷһغ, ۣ˵, ҪûӦѡͺ, Ҹðøõġ˵Ц, Ҫû, ҲͼӫݵһĻˡһֳգ۾˴һһ˼ѷȥӫݣȥ˴겻ڶһҹ
ֳӵȺץס, ·˲Ĺ, ҪȥѰֻһζֳˡ
һұŵĵǰ꣬, ܷŶ¡緢ɣֿȥˮĶԵôΪһճϵͷָգ΢΢ģȴȵġ
Щߣȴ̹ȻͲΪǸŤŮӡ˵ǰ£ԪõĺЦ顣ֳȻܸȤýζҲ˵ġ
ͣˣЩźѡĻϣⳡܹԶôȥ
ǳȥԪǡ;һ³̯ĵӣֳ绹ǵ˵飬ǵǽƣΪֻ
ֻƵݸЦ㣬ޣҶˣҪƵԭɡ
һν֣ν룬ȻǸӰġ
ܾһ·ģһûע⣬һŲȽһֻˮɹŤˡ
۵õ͵ᡪԾûϢûסȥǲܵˣֳ콨飬ȻȥRɵӣҲǣԻġ
νȻԸ⣬ܺٶһŤ˽ţҲԸ⡣
ǵ˵Ľףֳĸ첲ץԼߣ˵Ľʹʱ룬ҪһֻҲ˾ͺˣǲǾͻᱳԼȥأ
ͷһðԼú
ȥ·ϣǿؽֽҵϸνͣ٣ֳͶ˼ҡ
ӣЦӯӯ˹һ̣νŮöð
ش·ܿ죬ܲᣬվҪֿ
ν꣬û뵽ǣֳ绹˸ҩԭǹĽˡԪҲڳû˼ãװģһߣȻĹĿԪԹֳΪҡ
žǴһ߲ԾؾͻֳϣֻἫסԼ˿ϾǸҪѡŮʼԼѡϡ
ԸΥѡУˡһϢʱԺһƬհףûһ㻶ϲ
ֳ֪Ե֣һһɣҲȢӣǵ޽ӫݵǳֻ꣬ƣҩ
ֻ빬ֻ״ƿҩѾûˣϴɾװױڡ
ˣõԪ
ǻ֪أԪʵ
νͻһЦԪĪЩˬųǸˣνܵġ
㿴óЩãЦһʼʣӾˣܻᷦζתĲ豭һ£ԺпȾƣңϡͿ˵ˡ
ѺҲûνӹ˵ҵʱɱڵĶˡָ˻Ц
ģԪͷʱҵ񣬺޲ܸҳˡ
Ԫóνŭʱ򣬻е˵ġ
͸ڽ֮ǰҲиˡһҲŤ󣬴󷽾ͳϵҲԸģΪ
Ȣ˾ŷңôһŮЩ˶ӵƴҪͷȥҲûӣʥϵŮˣҲҲȨƵˣΪĲ̡ν˵ꡣ
ǿˣԪ룬ЩŮˣҪȥúãѰ
ѵи˵ĵ׻ˣҲҪҲ˵ʵǡνЦţʵһܳȥҺͺ㣬һҪǹǽˡ
ԪΪǰļʶе˵ҶҶġ
Щĵģĵģһ˵Ϊе˵ġǸߵһ̵ˣҺãҵһ
̫ڹʥȪɽΧԣԪ˾Ҳ˹ţʮڡ̫˼ҹ򾭣پǴ򼸰ҶƣƼƾţҲɽȥʹ⣬ɡ
ϧʥʼʲյڱ飬ڻ˃ǰͣٺ£ع˼иٺ꣬عԪŮʷǾŮʷɴҴͥ¾֡
δRҪǼǰּặֳקסˡ
ʲôƨּ⣿Rö˭Ҫǿдͻˣ˵ˣԸȢӼŮңΪʲôҪﵽͷϣҪȥץǼ̣ͬǻȥҪ򸸻ʸף
RڹžͲͬɷһ㣬ǼŵһɪɪһҲҿˡ
̫󿪿ˣˣϾҲǸ취ӣѲҪȥ
Rͷϣû𣿡
̫ЦˣҲǲУĻʵۣΣȽʥϣĸס
˼ĳǻʵּۣ⣬ôҲš˵ſ˿ڵϵˣٲҲš
Ԫνˣ
̫Ǯʹ˸ɫǮ⣬ǰּǼ̼һ˵ȥֻ⼸ڡ
̫º󣬷ĳR˵㸸ʻͷϣһڰٹǰԼ
𣿡R
̫ЦҲ
Rһʱס˰ΣòײŴҴͥһָ˻ȥʲô
̫ѽôӡԪ˵Ҫ벻ȥҴͥԵ㸸ˣѰͷٵˡ
ҪRߺߵСˡ
ô˵㸸أ̧̫־Ҫȥ
RЦŶ㿪һתȥĸЦҪ˵ͷɲֳɵģ


89 
ʲôˣ̫бۿ
ôأRЦ, ĿɴǾ⡣ԼŽ
̫ôֻʣ˵
RһڵΪĸ˼磬һ˵ĸ÷ͷ, Ҫȥź, ͲûҴͥˡ
Ԫ, Ϊۡ
̫ȴЦôȥ㸸˵, Ҫȥ㹬ź򣿡
Ǿ̫ˡRЦ, ĸ˵, ҲܵøӲǣ
ҾͲø㸸ˣ̫Ц̵찡
ĸR¶ֻźðš
̫ƿһ߶ȥ
̫ôģվֲRô, Ǽּƹ·ɴʦ˵, в, дһǡԪܶԵϣʥָ, ҪԪȥź
ʥТ, ̫ҪβӦȻֻ֪Ǹڣ̫󿪿ڣܸ˲ɣ㲻, Ҳ׼ˡ
ֻ˵˲, ָ㣬ߴߴ˵ԪŮ߻Ṵˣ̫ﶼΪ˵
ʥķ, ҲͲԪϲãҲֻǲͷ˻ֽȥҲ̫ҽȥơ
ԪѹڴڱʵؿޣֻԪˣ
ԪøŮʷһְȴֽ˳صǾֵ͵Ϣлݺ֥ǲᡣ
Ϊһֱһأлί˭֪ȥһȪɽΧҪȥˡ
޲ɢ֮ϯ֥˵οлݣҲǶԼ˵ģֻ˷ŮʷʵǿϧٺãȥҲֻǸŮıȵƷ׵Ů٣
ԪÿЦٿ˵ȥȤˣ˵ʱǶְܸߺء
ʲôأл̧°ͣҿݲɳӵģԻ
֥ȴһ̬Ԫļ磬֣صİɣôһ죬ҾԻ㿪ŵġ
㾹Ȼлݲ⻰Ǵ֥˵ģɴۡ
㿴ңҿ㣬ڶ̲סЦ
Ԫ˳ǿ˳Rϣ˵ĩȵĹŮǮҲֻǴĻݲݽˮժ̫ƿǾΪˡ
һճƴ죬࣬Ȼһĺ⼸տãԪŵͷ𣬾ȥ԰м֦ȥ̫档
ֵĶģ۷۵Ļͬˮ嵭֬ǳǳһ㣬ġԪִڼ꺣ϸϸţͼҳȤļ֦
æµţȻһҵıϣʱûһģû
ڳЩʱգR춼ÿÿѰĿģкɫ
ⲻûͷ˸Դ
ͷʱǵϵģĹӣһǻδӡ
Ƿȥժתȥ˵һĻʱҭ˺
վϵˣRƣֻԳЩҲЩͷڣۣЦЦﻹſӣȴǻԣš
Ԫһ㶣μԣ¡
ԣ⸱ϹϾģǰĲͷȫȻǾȤʵոգ
֪ǹʵģԪвһ䣬ȴǹū澲ҡ
ԣǿ棬˵ǾĻǲİɣ
֪ʡԪλԣཻ٣ֻ˵ϲŭɫĸһĸԪԸȻȻҲͶԶ֮ˡ
˵ֻͷվԣ־ȤסǿӣⲽߵԪǰ
Ԫ˫ɫѥӳԼǰʱˡ
±ԣͷ
Ҫôشأ˵££˵£ƺڿһ
ţͿԣ̧ʶ˲ӣȴЦͷж仨˵ţ˶ۻ䣬ݵǰ
Ԫ̧־ȥԼԴԣЦûˡ
л¡ڵ
ԣ˵
Ԫ㶣˳ӵ֡
ԣǶ亣ĻǿӣһŵҲû˵ʲôֱ֣תȥ
Ԫվԭأе㲻״ԣʲô˼
ˣ˶ˡһ𣬽Ԫ˼ء
RϣһĲã綼˵Щʲô
Ԫ룺û˵ʲôҲĪðɡ
RƲƲ죬ߵǰһץǶ亣ĻǿӣԲ˸첲ӽԺӵеС
ԪǻǹȺСˮ󡣵Ҳ˰ɣ룬ʲô
ٸ˵ˣ˼׽˭֪«ʲôҩ˻RĹġ
Ԫ룬ʵ˵⻰ҪԣԶһЩǣЦԴ
ųԴأR类β͵èͲȫըëˣһûء
ӣԪҲͲٶ˵ʲôˡЦת⻨֦ûء
ԪֲԼˣRֲǰǰţƤƵģôҲ˦
˵̫ˣ뾸š
Ԫһһ䣺õʲô
ʵһ㶣ЩģȻѰǴˣǸɫڶĽӡ
ԪˣRգգۣΣǳԣǲԣ
R÷ߡ
һͷˮ˿ߵĳRֿ˿Ԫ⵽Ǹʲô״
Ԫ㡣ûо͸Žȥ̣վ̨£֧֧ģȴ˵Ȼ
ôˣԪӹֵֹģɲʶ
ǣŪһ֦żµĺĻ֦¸¾ˣ롭ֹ
ԪȴˣЦ˵˳
ǡЩ˼Ҳ֪ϲЩʲô
Ĺ͢УѵС£Ԫһú룬˵ҼǵãһͶ﹬ŷݣĽ磬ֻΣ
ݣһ㶣ϲ𣿡
ԪЦҾãֻҪ͵ģϲġ
ںǣԼȥһֻ
ǾٺòˡԪͬ
ϲʲôʽأ㣿ǻģ˷ա
Ԫֻ˷ϻƼֻĺһˣ˵Լģϲ
Ҿȥֻ˶ۡ


90 
ķݺܿˡ
ֻ, Ƿϵͼȴửٱ˼ȥԪˡ
ֻϧԪдú, Ҳµú, Ҳܵ, Ψڻһ, ʵ֡
û, ˸ɴһ˻һ, ٷһԪʤһ
ֻ˰ȻҲ⣬̨ϣŶԷĻ
ԪԱͳȥһɡǶռҵķãǶ, ǹЩ˼ҹҲһŹһգҲ޷˦˦Ļ, ˵
Ҳܾɥʵû, Ҳֻˡ
ֻһǱԪĻವľͱˡ
¡Ͻ, 
Rȴ⻭òа, ⶼûУ̫˰ɡ
Ԫһһġ
ŶRֽýղû, ϸϸ, ţĲſھͿ䡣
һƴЦ
ԪҲվһ˻ֽ, һš
𰡣Rϧһûȥúÿء
ѸҡԪ˵ֽţử𣿡
ңRգҵŻử
֪ҪûãԪû˺ʲô
RʣʱЦˣóԵˡӻͳֽͷʻйŮǶԣصģ㳢
˵ǳʳԪŽ˹ֽһţȻ˱ǣ۵Ŵζ
ԾԪǸֽžҪߣȴԪסˡ
зݡ˵ţ¾Ͳֽݸһ顣
⡭ԥš
R⣬˺ô󾢲ŵģȱСˡԪʹ˸͸Ŀˣ԰ɡЦ˵
˿ˡ
RԪ
Ҳ˱R
RûȥӣЦǰ˴գ˵ιҾͳԡ
Ԫü˲šýҺԺʱûʲôȻˣҪҪˣ
һԼ˳ζпɣһ飬Ҫ͵ͱR׽ǿι
ţóԡR˴Ĵָ
ԪɵƵĿв
ôвأRһԼַʳ㲻ιңҾιҡ
ǲòᡣ۵
RٺЦˣһֳƳű˵û⹬ﵽиˣĲˡ
˭ʵ
¡
ԪֶסԪ𣿡ôˣʵԴϴδԻ˵ʥ䣬ҲΪԼԵʡ
RЦֿȥǵıмϲ
Ԫϲˡ
еϢܿʹ󹬡ʥѶûɴϲѶȻϲֹʥĴã̫ҲϲüңǮȥⷿѡƷϣҪȥ͸¡
˻ϲȻҲ˳Ϊʧƣ˭֪ͻȻУһθģûõģۺ졣
Ԫѧôˣó˵滨ģ巵һˣٻʱʥϵּҲ͵˷ǵͷУʺշлʺڣʰһ£йҲѲ˸ϵ
ǽã⹬ˣ֪ôԼˡл˹ӰԵ
Ԫ˼Ǿ֮׵ˣֻӣҪΪˡ
֮λ˰лݵ
֥ɸֵذһۣǰоɽΪһƷ
Ҳеðлݲмá˵ͻȻͣԪ
Ԫβ˼ЦʥϼȻûּҪҹĸӦҲһɡ
ǿ˵׼֥˻ָͷǵÿλôˡ
лݸ͵صͷ
ԪأĻôԪ
˵·ȥˣ֥ʵ
Ԫͷȥֳ̽
лЦ㵹֪
ԪץһѹӾҪȥСԴ춼Щʲôأ
лݶֻܷġ
Ԫ㣿Ԫ㣡
ΥһྐྵӴأһźһ룬ץץˡ
˳˾ǲһֻǸŮȴú㳤תƵġ֥˹ӿǣ̵
Ԫ֪ӣҲ˵ֻżæŵ˹
ôˣʣ־Ҫȥ裬ɤ˵
ܵüֳϥǣݺݺں󣬼ٵԪ㣬߰ɣú񲻴ˡ
ԪĲ豭˵һ䵽ϣ£ʯ̾͵ĵשϣˤ÷顣
Ҵͥ¾֣ªڼˡԪʱˣΧ۵˷׷ÿȥ
ùãԪһˣСС˶ʱֹ
һϲϣҲ˶ӣڨڨͷϵˡ
ˣȥɣȥùúߣתԪı̫ҽƹˣ˵ʱѾˡҩҲֻǵһˡ㣬˵̾ٺúɡ
ֻʣԪ߽ǰСãԪᣬʮꡣСС˶űҲԣ׵һڱһһ⣬ѾҪˡ
Ԫվ߽һ£ʱͻǰߣҪİ¡
ˡ
㡭Ϣ΢ԪᣬͻȻ૳
Ԫ죬ŬԼ޳ᣬǰȥڴǰ£סԪС֡
㣬ңҺܡԪ϶˵ҪԣѾʹˡ
Ԫҧ촽˴أӱӵԪ˳ȴҿ˵һھͿˣãġ
ĻĸƺķԪƽۣ˵Ļˡ
㡣̧ȥȴʼ̧
Ԫ׽֣Լ
ܵ¶ȣԪЦˣϺůͰ
Ԫգۣᣬֻץ֡
㣬ԪǳǳЦҽϳ˽ĵ֣ĺúó԰ù˵ȥҪˡ
ԪҲ̲סԪһ£˵Ҳ͡
ԪЦţ˵
һԪ̧ͷڵݶ
еˡԪ˵ţƤʼš
Ԫľḧ˵ðᣬû˯ʱأǲۣȲ˯𣿡
ԪŬۣǣӻ裬˯ˡ
ԪѾ˲ȥˣ˯ֻ˵
ԪԪָۣ˵㣬ĺˣҲˣؼҡ
ԪֻûһͷʱԪϵɫּˡӦԪһ󼱴ٵĴϢͻȻأƽ
ڳһֻԪıǰ̽̽
ᣬ§˻С˶£Ҵؼҡ
֪İĸҡ


91 
, Ůں󹬣Ӧʬǻڿݾ֮С, ֪ĹŮ, ǻڿݾ
ԪԸİһǻڿݾ, һȺİ顣Ӧ, Ҫؼҡ
̫, ԪһϢ, һ̡
ޱʱԪʱ
Բ𡣡ޱ˵
Ԫԭ뿴ģһƣΪ, İû԰֪԰жٿ缲Ĳľ
˵⻰ʲô𣿡Ԫޱ, ö, ˵һһˡʲôӷͬ˵ġЦ
ޱ˶, ֪˵⻰Ҳ޲, ò˵֪ġ
ԪЦǣСǲ֪ǱһˣΪǰһЩì, ҲҪ򡣹ŮЩ, ѹͲˡ
ޱ﷢¡ҲΣǶռ, Ʊ˻ţǵĹĸǻʺ˭ȥͬһССķټҾ죬˭ֻΪȥŹأԪͬйһ̡ʵҲΪʲôҪ̡ԭԲɵġ
Ԫٶȿڣޱʩüͬһ¡
ңޱȻǧ룬Ԫ֣ΨûϵԼ
ǣԪ֣صͷڳ㣬Ҳˡ
ޱһҲǣRݣԪڷ⹬λǣóԪ˳Ϲϵ޲øաƲˡ
һ룬ԪЩ⣬˵ֻҪ
Ԫ΢΢һЦõ
RҴҸϻؾԪ֮ա乬ݾҵԪһ껱£ֽǮԪĺɫ￴ŷ
ҪڻȴҲǰһͿԪŤͷ߿˹
һ̣Ԫ¶ǳǳЦˡ˵ᡣ
RҲ̲סǰһ§뻳
Բ𣬡˵ԲҲڡ
Ԫ㶣أ̧֣ı
ûϵģЦѾȥˡ
Rļ磬뿴һۣ˵ٻˡ
Ҳ뿪ˣٶӵ뻳˵һһֱġ
Ԫֻţץѡ
RԪԪֽҹɫӳǵӣء
RţҪҪ
Ԫ̧ͷߣȴŶ㿪
ôˣʣĵһɲ
ǻط˵ɡR
ԪûִţֽǮԪ꣬Rȥ˼
ĵǲ˵źȥǰϢشš֪ģΪҪʲôء
Ԫ㸹ţؾ
Rȴǰһֻ̧֣
ôǣԪЦʣʲôɣ
RûЦɫҽ˵ĻҪá
ǹɲЦ⣬˵ͷ
Rһ˵һع֮ǰ½衣ԽݵϢǰվԽݳ⣬ԪʲϮܵзڸɽ
Ԫһϲʶȥ˳R֣۾񣺡ǺϢ
ǡЦRЩ˵Ļ
ԽԪԽܲµǲǻʲôõ飿ʡ
Rս֣˵ԪδˣԪˡ
Ԫüšˣôˣ
R򴽣볤ʹʹһ˵Ԫ˽üսΪԪͦһϵʱѾûϢˡ
Ԫƺû壬գգۣʵûˣ
RЩ֣ԻҪģͿ޳
ȻԪǵûҪ޵˼Ц
Ҳġ˵ҪӳRԼȴδóѣֻüˡ
֪ԪҵĶŮţսɳõҫҲΪңԵˡЦ
Խ壬RԽǺҡҡСʵ㻹𣿡
Ԫȴ֣ôˣôҺܺð㿴𣿡˵̾Ҳˡˣʵҵܵأ
û£˵Ǹɶ˸ɽ
ǾͺáԪͷɽǧܶطɽվϿۣúãʮҲѰš
R˰ΣñŤɴһվ˵ʱˣҸûȥˡ
RҲվǰһһַӣһؿڣһ䣬ŻѪ
R󾪣Ͻַסŵʺһ̲Ѫ޲Լµġ
û¶Ԫȴ֣û¶ѪЩˡ
Rȴײ׵ģһ˹ٽϽȥ̫ҽ
鷳ˣԪס֣ʲô¶𾪶̫ҽԺˣһССŮֵŪôĶûĽ˵
Rüʲôʱˣ㻹Щ׻Ǵ򷢹ȥˣֻԼͷ
Rᱧȥ˴ϣȴЦˣֲǲмˣԼߡ
ƶ죡Rһۣæϱӣһǲչ˵ġ
һʱֵ̫ҽţһ·Сܻ𼱻ǵˣ޵һλö˶վڴǰвģ
ٳŬŬ죺̫ҽλѪ
̫ҽҲʮע⵽ϻλһŮ磬Ҳ˼檣Ҳδ˵ʲô檣˭ֻ֪λԪˡ
̫ҽһͨҾβҽ֣߱Ҳٵ飬ҩȡΪԪ
һֻһֶֻֻ֡ˣŹR£λ󰭣ѪֻǼģѪ³΢Ϊ￪һҩɳԿɲԣ￴Լϲͺá
R˵Ԫ£ų׷ģЦ̫ҽʲôҩɳԿɲԡ
̫ҽҲЦ念ҩ벻ԣ޴󰭡
RҲͰˣйȥ
һ̫ҽȥһֹذǿвҪ̫ҽй¶ȥ
̫ҽڹʮ꣬βװƣȻһӦȥ
ԪƿӾҪ´ȥ
Rסȥ
ԪĪҲˣ̫ҽ˵ûˣҵûȥ
RȻҪȥʲô̾˿ȥ鰸ȡһݵԪǰһֽǮ
ȥĸյֽǮɡ˵
Ԫ̧ͷײɫ΢Ц˵á
RܸˣûԼ˵ллˡ


92 
ԪҾϢܿҲ˾ǡԪΪ, һۣóȴһЩ߾С, 󻼡ɳôϢ, ȴˡ
ŹΪ׵, Ӧüþ, Ī׷, ô˵, ӦϾ޺ã߾һĻѧһ˵Ԫ
ԪһЦˣ߾һֻ°˼꣬Ҫصޡ
ЩԽפأսû, С͵СϮȴʼղ٣, аһ˵
ѵûս𣿡ʡ
һ, ˵ºϽսţɽô, ʥϾ, ϻ磬ȥˡ
ˡԪ̾Ϣ᲻סԺЩС, ˡ
Ҳһһ˵ֹ
Ԫ, ߴʵ˵ʲôˣ
һ̾ڳϣԹΪּ˵ԪҾɱй, ɵֹʥϸԪ򸾼ŮعŹԪҾ淸˵ȴжǲʥϵָѾѹӦΧˡ
ԪЦҲЦˣǰейӣб׷ûǼѵˡ
ôһ˲䣬ʸܵдţಿٲʱ߾֮ˡҲһջԪϻԪҵѪǵĸ׾;Բ˺һ
ײңΪ˱߾İհ
˵ʲôأRϢس֣ͬʱ˵ҿſǸСڣ²İɡ
Цˣˡ
RˣŴӱóݸԪġ
Ԫ֦ͺͺĺɻЦãⶫõģһϿ˾ͻл
𣿡Rͷٻܿһǲǣ
ԪֻýˣһԵСʯϡ
Rд𾭣ﰦ̾ĸҲǵģ컹ûأҪϼɽȥǱģЩﱲ̷˼ҸǰТ
ԪͷҲֻ̧˵⻰Ҹǰ߶ûãȥ̫˵ɡ
RȴߣſСϣȥ谭Ҫȥĸ˵һع
ԪƳһۣҪȥϼɽһûȥأҪȥľ£ٿϼǧ겻
RѽһһһûʲôƵġ
Ԫһ̧°ͣҲҪȥһơ
Rƭһתִչ˵һȥ¶زͲ𣿡
Ԫøɴࣺ롣
RĿڣٴεϡȴԪ㵲ҳˣһ߶ȥ
̫ȣ˶磬ʥˣϼɽȥ⼸ճ¶æʰװԤ³С
ԪҴͥȥһˡµһЩϸ͵õʹͣһһָϵˣָù˰տǡ䲻ϲ˵Ϊһ˵ķϣȫǲܡԪؿС
ȥνƷ˴ԽĴܴ춼Ѿȥˡ
ǿԣһȥν˾ƱЦ⹬Խû˼ˡ
Ԫγ룿νǹûʥϵּ⣬̫⣬γù̫ôչԪҲǿӳRϣֺεºܣҪ˼Ҵһͬأ
νҲ⻰˵˵ˣңΪԵ£δʥȫͽ⣬ʱ̫ȥϼɽǲɱ֮ˡ
˾ƱΪԪУȥչ˺ԼΪӷ硣
Ԫִˣһ
ȥ𣿡¾Ʊνʡ
Ԫҡͷ¶˰ɡ
ν˱ЦҲǡֿȣûҪϸȥ
ԪԺһ˯̾˿Ըʵʰɡ˵һ£νӡ
νЦģзִģҺͺ㣬֪ġͷϸ񱭣̾˿ܣһײ
ֻһ֪ﻹиŮӣʢǸҹɡԪź롣
νƣҲԼһԼٱ
νЦţҲ˱ӣԼ
³˳еĺӣ̫̱һǰϼɽ
ʥʰٹ̫ǣ;ݣʻꡣ
ԪͬŮͬһСģ棬泵ă̷֣һۣŵøϽ£á
ԪźЦֿǷ͵͵÷ǣҲһţҪͽһ졣ţЃЦƵӴôˣ̫ﻹǰĳء
Rһȥǰߡбһ˦˳ӣ¶ԪһŴ²
һԪЦֵһֽ·ϳԡ
ԪӹֽɢȻǲġ
ֿRֻԼһգۣ˵ǵҪÿ춼ңҪдŰ
Ԫ˴ȻһЦ֪ˡ
ΪһЦR㶣漴յȻøǹȥ
ԪЦˣ˵ˣȥɡ
R䲻ᣬҲ֪;ǧһסųǰУнԶ
ֱҲRˣԪŷӡСŮǶΧ˹޲ĽԪ㣬´á
ԪЦţֽ¶ʽĵȥ̤أɵġ
Ц̾̾ҷ飬ʣµģִáܹ⣬ҪźúƷ
ϼɽ뾩ĩյ·̶̣еС£ڵִϼɽ¡
ظĸٴǰӭӣɽ̻գɽϼ¡
ϼ˴ɲ֪̫Ҫ𣬷ɴʦɮڴɨ˷ᣬʼ̵ĵ
Ԫͷһϼ£һ·ֻɽ룬ï񣬾ºǺãЩطҲġס˼գѾϼǰҶ߱ˡ
˷ϼ£󲿶Ӷɽµıйֻ̫˹˲һڴڸɽˣԪ½裬Ҳ֮ˡ
װԪҩ˯û찵صСŮип½Ҫٲǻ֪Ҫϼҩ
½û˵ֻӻͳ˴Խţ˫ַ
Ԫӹŵϸϸһء
½һãҪѲĴڸ֣ҪעԪֱǷۣյƻϵȼҲδʧ̬
С㡣½迪ڵ
ԪûŻֽţһԵͭ
û£˵תͷ½裬ѵüǣȴЦˣҸףҲ˲𣿡
ܵ˵ǵĸ׾ɼδˣϾСöѩϼ˪ϵǳ־ˡĸ׵ĹǵĸҲʧ˶־ֻǰǵĸ׻һҪغϾýʿǵѪ
Ԫǲʮĵܵܣһ֮ڽɥĸɥҪ縺ǵ־εüѡ
ʱ뿪ˡ˵
½ֹԪ˵ʲô˵ɣʱˣʲôֵòҴŵ𣿡
½»ڱ̽õϢ˶٣ջ¶˾ģ˵үܻš


93 
ʲôԪ³пܻŵϢ, ԪȻ
ϢԴɿ𣿡־ʵ
½üͷҲǱֻ˵żȻϰ, ˵Ǹиӱ߾, չںԺ, ֵúܡ
Ԫšüûͷû, ԷǲǴ˶, ܶ϶ǾǴүأ
½Ҳ, ڱ̽ûˣϰɭϣ׽ȥ޷Բ鿴
Ԫת÷ɿ죬˵ѲԶ, ݣ, ȥ̽һ
ף½赱ܾ, Сǧ֮ȥй, Σ֮¡
ԪЦˣҲ, ǴС㣬ģ̸ʲô
Ѷҹܵд˷, ҪҪ, ಿȹɽ֣ϢԴա
Ԫ, ԪӢд˷ţ½裬һҪ͵ϡ
ڣҾ͵һʱˡ˵
½豧ȭһȥصġ
½裬Ԫ˵ƣ£ɫӴ͸˽ڵһжȾһɫʡ
һжҪһˣ롣
ɽ䲻֪£һε£Ԫֻã·ղŽɽġ
ϼµЩʱգƽƽÿղǳд𾭣̫ڷɴʦ¿ʱȥϼɽʤżƣ˲ͬסСŮʶд֡
ҪһֱôȥͺˣżҲðͷ
ֱRֳĵ
ǴԪϷ˵ϢԽ鳭ԪϷ˾ͱȥ˴ȶ£ôʱ˼ҶʱǻڴϵģżҲǺͿʡ
ǰЩʱԪϷԻתѣҲˣԪ״˼Ҳδ˵ʲôֻܣϴ衣
̫Ҫտˣõȵɣ᲻ҵˮźϴ裬ɾѡȵɵİ£ϸϸ˷٣ûнΣǾʹժʻ˶ڡ
Ǳ˴˵Цһ˶嵭ի͸ԻطȥϢˡ
ڶϣȥ˼緹ȴյװ磬ڴϣ֪ʲôʱȥˡ
ȶµ˵ԪϷݰ꣬ǰӦûʲôʹࡣR˵
̫ϡ֮ˣҲֻ˼ӷ𡱣ͽȥˡ
ĽرҵԪһʳϸϸڵĺ޽ǣ׷ʳƽˮѣַǷ
֡
ͷһϦӳ£ʦŮ
ҡֹ
Ԫ֪˵ЩʲôҡҡͷԼЦ㲻οˣЩ£Ѳٽұˡ
R̾˿ߵ࣬нΣͻȻЩĽ±ӾҲͦõġ˵
ԪͷЦʲôã𣿡
Цбϲ
Ԫֵӷ㣬֪бϲ
R֪˵ɴͻ˸⣺һٶգ֮Ҫȥһݣĸ硣
Ԫͷ˵⼸ңתת
˵ʵɡԪЦʣǴأ
Røɴࣺ
Rһϼ£ֳֻ̫ݷ𣬳RȴЯĴ棬òģϳԷʱ򣬻ҪӿͷЩ˹ȥRм飬ŲںԼֵܵǼ䲻ʹķֻ̣û
ɽգ̫˼ҲԸදԪɽȥ
ɽǻƻ裬ҹɽ·ߣȻҪйϢһҹġ
йѱãûڣRкԪҲһһͬ
ԪȥԼסԼ˯һ䷿ʵǾΥйĹ˻ıԡͰˮϴˬ衣
ϴ裬Ժûˣֻһ°ȹͷ
Ժ֨ѽһ죬̧ȥĿɲǳR
ΣҰŵһԺӣǲǼľһߴţһԿ
ԭ˱µģԪҲ⣬˵ͷá
ʱǹɿɰȻˣǼʱҲ鶯
Rߵ£̧ͷ˿ϵԪ̨׾ڽˣȴƫƫֻ
Ԫָ̧˸ͷʵʲô𣿡
RЦò
Ԫݸ컬ࡣ
R£ָ⻬˿⻬ϵȳС
ͷ̾ȥüۣ촽˵
Ԫѵõû컬࣬Цſֻ۾峺ͬɽȪˮлл㡣˵
лͻȻóRһ㶣лʲô
Ԫû˵ֻ΢΢һЦһ̣RͿյԼǰһϢ䶼ǵĻ㣬ԡζ
⡭ϵ뿪󣬳RһʱЩȻ
ͶͱǳRе龰ɵϴʹ׹ġ
ǣǻûס˵仰ͬʱԼʵѷˣүôܻų
Ȼͷ˾Ц̫಻ֻץסڡ۾һÿһ̣Ҷ
Rֻһ󼤵ڵؾվãǾͳף
ǵ׳ɵúܼ򵥣һ£֤飬ճΪϲ֡ļ֤֮£ǽΪ˷򸾡
Ԫƣֱ˯ȥξǰRߣĶ˵ˣһһʢĻ񡣡
Ԫۣ׽סԼ֣˵ţѾܺˡ
Ҳ֪ûС
ڶԪRѾˣһֳԴЦ
Ϻãҵľ˵
Ԫʱҹԭģܣ˵˾䡰Ҳ̫š㣬ͲöĴ
˿©ʱ磬ŻһͼRЦˣ־ȥ
첻ǺҹͨһRƵһһ߻ЦţһȥŤͷȥ¶İ׾㿴ҡ
Ԫͼƿأɼܲסô򣬴Ӳһ·ȥûˣֻڲ
ʱ򣬵͵ͽ֣ȥĺ촽ĺܿģġ
ҹҲô˵ģԪ룬ŪòʧҲһ䣺ģڿģ
RȻûʧҧĶ䣬˵һθġ
ƻļһ


94 
Ŀ˳Rһȥ, ԪҲɽϡ
·ͻȻпأҲ֪᲻ϲֻݡ
Ԫ̧ͷǴɽ, Թ, һ˿ۼ
İ, Ц, ϶ϲġ
ȥϼ, Ԫȥݼ̫, Rȥֳ
ʱ֣ԪȴδڷߣͬסļСŮΪġǴҴҰڷѰ
ұϼ, ҲûƼԪӰ󣬻۾ǸСŮ, ڷʯϵԪ
ʯλ, ϼյһǰɲԨ, ûȥ, ȻҲͲ涼Щʲô
Ԫ㣡ǻԪȴΪ£ҿ
Ԫ, û, Ǹͷ࣬ȥ԰ɡ
ԪͷȻһЦл˵
վ, СŮ˿ΪҪӷʯˣȴһԾʹӷʯȥ
Ԫ㣡˾У˱ŴҲ˾ʹ˿
ѲĴڸϵʱʯκټʯͷԨ￴ֻããһƬɽᰣﻹԪӰ
̫ҲѶɴʦӷ𣺡ɲ⣬ɽĶҰޣˤҲҪɥҰ֮ڣֻ׶༪ٰ
̫ɫ࣬ȻԪ۰ǸʲôλݼڣҲʲô̶ѨҪҪʬ򰧼ô
ǵּ̫ܲҹɽнͼϼɽ
ǼԪͬסĿµСŮ̫ҲûŹϸϸʣͼҲҳ˿
ţԪǰǿһŮӣĸȥûһλΪĸϢʹҪѰأ
ܾﲻԾȴֻ£˳򣬷Ҫδأ
ʯһɽڣһȼšЩʪ½ѰЩɿ֦Ҷ˶棬Ԫˡ
ʧˡ˵ţԪָ첲͵һšֻһͷ죬ԪѾ˵ĸ첲ֱ˻ȥҪһۡ
Ԫ˲Žӻȥĸ첲ֿ½˵ϣڰﵷţȥ˼аɴҪ̶ø첲
½µɫİ֮һǳ£ڸ̶첲ϣԵ쳣׾
ǸǼϸܵĺ´δŮˡһڣ־ǲףҪĿڣȴֲ֪滻Ǳֱˡ
סԪǿЦҲΪˡ
½ҡҡͷҪͺˣ¸óֻϧûʲô֣ɽҲ׸ֻɽºš
ﲻԭݣչ˳µȡºЩ˳µĺ⣬ƲԸھҽתͶɽ֣һѰҩҩһΪΡ
½ҵʱû˵ҩ䣬½ϼɽ¡
ҲǸĵģԪ롣
½ִӰ﷭ֻҩƿֻǼƿҩȴ޴֡Ԫɼ˶ϣЩɼģǲˡ
ԼɡԪ֪˼˵
½ɴ⣬ѸվȥŮʬȥΪСˮ
ԪͷһԵŮʬһײֻȷԼ¡
ҿҿɡ˵
⡭½ȴǷѣһǧС㣬ܼ㲻ʬף
Ԫ֪ΪβԸЦģҲûˡԽһսʬױҰҲˣŮʬΪģοã˵̧̧°ͣҿɡ
˵½ҲͲٶԣҿ˸Ůʬϵİײ
ײҿ˲䣬⣬ԪһƵѪģĿȫˡ
½迴šü˲Ųᱻϳ
ԪȻҲɽжޣ±;֦ɽʯٱҰ޿ȥƤ⣬ʬǶҲȫҲеġ
ģʡ
½ºݴġ
ԪüָϽ͵͵ĹֻװԼˮ֮ͨڴ˵Ϊ˼ҵȥѰһڤ飬кʵģؽƸ֮£Ȼˡ
ԪĵʶﲻôЩ꣬ΪǸʵģû뵽ӻͦ⡣
ֻǿϧŮӡЩĲ̡
½ɫǳ֮ʱзǳ֮£˵Ҳǻ˼һǮ㹻һ˹ϺˡŹֻ֮˵һǣҲоˣվҪΪġ
ѵôƪۣԪ֪ԼҲټƽϣЦЦָһµֲֻܶ鷳Ϊˡ
½ͷСģ±ضһʧ
ԪͷŮʬԶżΪԼϵĻҩûоӣҲͺʹͿЩҩࡣ
һʱ½ȡЩȪˮϴ֣ѺڵóףŴ˵رϾ˾½𣬽ۼɾ˳ҹɫɽһͷȥ
ϼɽݵؽˡ
ѹʱﲻڿӰ߹ˣһ飬һ˲ûˣϽӭȥ
С㣬½ȭ
򡣡½Ҳ
Ԫֻ˵ͷϻɴֻ¶ƣһ˫ۡ
ﲻɿ˿̶õĸ첲һأֿϺ͸첲ϵĲˣȻȥɡһԵĲҩ¨
ɽһССĴ䣬ʮ˼ңɽɽԻҲżĶߡ
󣬴ûʲôˣ·һ˼ңԺڴȮ͡
Ԫһ£ʵǾŮʬҲǴģ
ﲻҡͷǵǣҲµʱٸ׷飬¶˺ۼĵطﻹżʮˮ·ء
Ԫͷá
ҲŹģµͷ˿˲˵˻ͬɽȥҩˣղԴСģɡ
ȥĶԪʵ
ﲻЦȻˡ
ţͷ壬˶Ҳ⡣Լﲻе̫ˣԪ½裬һҲ飬˵ԪΪ˲ҩˣæõһ˳ˡ
ﲻɸԪ˵ĸ첲°£ϺϵĲˣȴҲ½һ㣬֡飬ԪŮġ
һиʮŮӣúںݣɻȴﲻɱȥ˵ˣҹΪʦҩװͬţҸš
ȻӦʡλոǼ½룬˶ֻ࣬أ֪αλŴæ˵Ůӹﲻȥȡˮϴ֣ٴְֽҩ
һʱﲻɴųȥֻŮӺԪڡŮӵֱܴ㣬ÿ
Ԫ̧Լ˵Ů֪ڹЩʲôǼ˵ˣҲҼÿˣǰǸϱûнÿ
ԪЦˣ⺢ӣᣬǻ˵ֽһԼҩһʵʲô֣
䡣ŮǰﲻɽģСԪͿҩࡣ
䡣ԪСظ˾䣬ֿǸ֡
ͳЦЦȻΪҩ
Ԫ£ƽʱϲЩʲôʲôʲôûʲôġ
䶼ˣ˳ʵ㣬ȥ𣿡
Ԫôȥǣ
ҡҡͷֵ˵ͷ
ԪЦˣأǲ룿
룬˵̫Զˣȥˡȥ㣬Ƕ˵ȥҲġ
ŶΪʲôԪʵ
ڹﵱء
ƧҲŮȥµġԪ̾˾䣺ʲô֣
ΪͿ˸첲ϵˣͷҲû̧˵ࡣ


95 
էһ, Ԫ˲£ǰɣôɣ
ϸŮӵ˵, ȻЩЩЩ, ĳ, żƵġ
Ŭ, òĵʱ, , ඼ݡ
ֻ⡭ţҲ̫ɺЩɣ
񣬱ǰ˻ӣʵʲôأ
ûʲôԪع, ЦΪʲôҪȥѽ
, ͷŵķ, ȷûŵ˵Һ⡣һ˴, ûճ, ɽҲ򲻵ʲôǡùٸйŮ˵ſڣһȥ, ʡ, ܵó͢ӣҽ˹ÿ»ӳǮ, òá
Ԫüͷһ壬Ȼ
˵ͷûþȥˣ˵ﲻûжӼ̳𣬾Ȣһ
Ԫ̾ʣҲȥ
ʲô취źҩƿ첻ԸԴӺСܵܣһζȫɺﵱˣʲôġТ˳˵ÿҲģȥˡ
ȷ顣Ԫ룬ʴڼңб۸
һҿɲҽ㣬ҲŲҺڲ
ԪЦȥͷϹĹĵСġ
ҹ˾½ȷһӶ˯ˣﲻɹԪͬס³˾Ժд½
ӢǱΣԪ½
½轫ŽСԭͬһģ˵Сϣȥү˼룬ڻͬˡ
˵ɣԪȴֻ֪ûôף̫̫û˵ʲôʡ
½£ǵʶһӼֻԴ󷽵ʾ˵Ĵ̫̫εشãҪߣҪסС㡣ֻ⻰ȴ֪˵С
˵Ԫֻ飬Ҳˡ
ϵĶõİɣЦʡ
½ͷ
ﲻȴʵʲô
Ǯ½迴Լ
̫̫óһϻӵƱ۾ֱˡ½赱ȻҪһҪǮϪˮʳҰҲܻѹ޷⣬Щ˶ǮĿ
Ǯ̫̫Ȼɿˡ½迴ǰ̫̫жСĵǣǼٵģΣأǼֻ࣬Щ̫̫پڲᣬλһרǮ
С㵹һ˾ռߵģȥд˷ý½裬һҪչ˺㡣
½룬˵Ҳġ
ԪԪӢдţһдֳֳʲô߰дǵСֶһִԺȫ˱ϣҪЦ
ҲԪӢɣʱܶЦ
ǰ;δ⣬˶ⶣֻջһ졣ɽˮԶټء
Ԫţипǧһȥɽˮʱ
½ͳԺյţڿˡ
Ԫﲻɵ񱱾Ǹʲô
ﲻǻŲҩҽͷҲ̽˲飬ݻǳ£һȣԴһۺĳˣǲͷ֮ޡ
Դ˷ǲ޿פصľʿʮֲ½˵
ǲ޿ࣿԪ⣬
½ҲʲôѲµ£һλΪѺãʥǲһλҲ֮С
ЩԪȫȻ֪ɼɽЩʱգʵǱˡ
ǲ޿Ԫ⵹Ҳ
½ﲻɶһۣӱ˴п˲⡣
Ǵ㡭ﲻɿʵ
Ԫ̧ͷï֦Ҷʣ΢΢ЦȻҪͼ޵Ķȥ
ţͷֻ죬½ַϼɽҵǾŮʬһأΪǾԪʬףų׷ģɽ֪Ԫ
ҲӰ·ϸ˻½ԥš
˵ԪҲܲµRεķӦ
ȻǾЩԲģΨһĳ·ˡҲЩЦǰһǻɽģҪһֱһ𣬲벻ٻͷRܿģֻһߡƲʬ塣
ƽԪ·עҪԼһȥߡ
뿪ҵ죬ǵڣԪûʲôĶҲ±˷֣ǣӡֻԴҪչ˺Լ
һ죬ЦôһټĻҪԸ⣬һ뿪
ȥ𣿡ֻȥϣûƬɽء
ԪЦŵͷǣȥ硣
ҪһΪСָҪ
ԪҲСָסģдʣҲôһµŮӣЦţģֻΪԪѽڵһյơ
ǻǽͬʦõͷһ·ݣǴͼ޶ıؾ֮ء
һ·ϣԪ˺ܶҪͼ޶⣬װеĹŮ̫࣬Ļȥֻݳλùĺ׿ȥ̽ǱߵϢ
ֻЩúܺõ⣬½ﲻɸһһˣɶһ̫
ͼ޹˶һͻȻһͶݵǲˣ˺׿ǱضҪﲻɺû˵
½赹ǱøɴֱࣺӾһ˳ɱˣݳǸ˵ģȥ˵һ̧֣һ˿ɲУҲûȥǾҪɱ
ﲻɾˣ½ĻüЩеĹѾܿˣ磬벻Ҷ㻹Ҫɱǣʵ̡̫
ǲã½費Ϊ⣬ɱǣôڴڡ
⡭ﲻΨ̾
Ԫף½ǰɱ˶˵͸иϲࡣСͱĹǲ׵ģɴֱɱеĹˡ
ԴС½θҲӣֹֻţ׵ķˡ
Ԫ÷룬Ǹˣ½ҲѧᱧԹˡ
ͼ޶֮ǰϵݡ
ԪһĪϤĴɩϣݻݶŮݸԪ˥ܵһת۵㡣Ұеĳǳأĵ
ﲻݵķһǣ˽˳ʱפݵĳǾ븮ˡ
ҶԪϵһǰǾﲻɷֿˡ
ﲻġװһòƽƽĸˣ½һһѰ򸾡½ļ֤ͨ˳С
ǴĵطȺӣȹĺ˹ҲйƤݵϣнŸɫԪһһ㶡
½ݼΣ·Ԫ߹հƣܿ͵һƧ
İȫˡ½˵ţǰȥš
ԪѾľſûãͷ˵˭
½ɩңԶ
ԪתͷüͷһԶ
½һ߽˭û
Ԫޡһ
ԺŴڴ򿪣¶һ˵Ӱһ½裬ӭЦСתͷּԪЦݸǲˣλǵ˰ɡ
ԪҽܣǣɩҽаңңԶң
һԵġԶֱ̫Ѩһ


96 
½˵⴦ȫ֮, ԪԪĸפرʱµİװɷҶ١, Ԫ½, ҲͻһҶ١ɩ
½δԪʵ͸¶Ҷ֪, Ҷ, ôĽ, ȻλΪˡֻԪ, һ֪Ͷһ˰ȫȻǲΥ˼ġ
λҶ١ɩ͵½δŵӡδţҲͲ˯һ䷿, ǵǴ˼գ١ɩԪ˯һ, Ҷ½˯һ䡣
֮ǰ, ԪѾԼðԼԪѾ, ½ʶ, ˷ѣڱ;ǡ½裬ű֪ԪүϢǱִҴҸ, ͼһ̽
Ԫҵ, ġҶпţ½һֻϢټ, ǻӣǿɾ鷳ˡ
½оƣǼ٣Ҫȥ̽˲֪
ǰԪͷڴ˷һȥôиӦ
١ɩЦӦӦõģֻΣڴڣ¶ҪСİȫΪϡ
Ԫ½趼ͷ
ˣ١ɩ̲סҪඣ䣺ˣԶҪǵӦҵĻ
½һ죬һƱΡ
Ԫú棬ЦʣӦʲô
½ǲҿˣɴƲͷȥ
١ɩúЦԪĶߣ˵䡣Ԫһ㶣̶Цԭˡ˵
½˾ƱǺģ˵ɩЦ˵ģ档
Ԫû˵Щʲô١ɩȲˣʲôЦҿġ˵ԶɱϷˣɩҰ
½ٿĪ磬ԪȴҲȤ˵ǰһԣ׷˵Ļɲڡ
Ҷ类ƵģҲȥЩŮ˼ұƣһ̳Ӹ½ϣһֵ㣬ֵܣôأǺȾơ
ԪסգҲˡżַ١ɩ޲Ժ˽ţá
˴ാӣǸϱߵϱһ䡣ԪգڶŵɱȲԼʵաҪ˵һСұȴҲǵġ
һݵļУ١ɩҲȥ֡
ԪԴ˹ûܵĻᣬʱţҲȻӦʡ
ݼȲþǵķḻʣȴҲ֮֡ǰʱҪȻҲӵ
١ɩԪ˼ɫӣ֧λȥʶ˼ë
ȥĳߣ֯ѣ촩ſůء١ɩţͷҲ֯
ԪЦŵл
ţǰͻȻż
պи١ɩ˹١ɩ˾ǰʲôλһʲô¶λϲͷҵѾͷҪء
˵λӲѾô١ɩü
λע⣬յ١ɩ˵ᡣ˵Żָͷϴ˴
һʱλȥˣԪʵĴӣǻң
١ɩͷɲңŹһλ⼸
Ԫϼʱν˵ҵΣڿҳ˻ȥ
ݳ²ģôҺԪ˵ţǰͷĿ
١ɩŽǱ߿˿һĶ˾ϣܵࣿ˵мıӵȥ״£ɶջģ˵ȥ״ˣ˼״ӻûȥ˾ȱˡ١ɩ˵ֱҡͷ
Ԫüͷ̫ˡ
١ɩ̾˭˵أϲͷ࣬ϱȥ磬ͶôһŮò󣬽ָô¶̾Ϣš
˵ţǰͷȺԶֿˣһṫӸһƥͷСˣŸͣ޺ŵĹƵعˡһСͷǺ棬Ьһֻֻ֪Ÿǰ˹ġ
١ɩôҲû뵽λãӾ֮󣬾Ȼ־סλӵȥ·
ס֣Ԫһ
ݳаԵˣδϵ˺ὫһҲһһ㳤ûˤ
ӺòסҪ̧ͷȴǰվŵǸСӣʱЦˡϣЦ˵ӴĿСӣϸƤġ
ԪΪһƫͷǺͷŮӺϺ˵컯֮£ôĵӣǿŮ
һ㶣δ˸ҵ˵ԷǸСŮӣмɫϷ֮ģֵСǳݳǰɡ֪ү˭
Ԫҹ˭Ҳǿѡ
Ӿ÷ȤЦɱٰģƫƫǿѡ
²ǸɵӰɣԪ룬Ĵǽܡ
ãҲ⣬Ҫɾͱٵĺ³˫Цţһ֣˰ٽСҲظȥ
ǣȺһӦӿ˹
ԪҪ֣ͼ١ɩ˹ǻ飬λҼδŵӣأʶùӣð빫Ӽ¡˵Ԫĸ첲Ҫǻӵͷⲻǡ
ԪϣǿվţһҲò
δŵӣ߶ţһ֣ⲻãҪ˻ʲô˼˵ǰɣΧĹЦ
ӲҪĶ׷Цųǡ
Ԫ룬ͻȻЦŵĻӹ˹ָĵ˵ˣūҪҡ
١ɩŤͷ·Ǽ˹һ㡣
ǻٴһ㶣漴֡üһԭҪ뱾ͬˣ˼˼Ħȭƣʹˡ
Ԫ۳εԼĸǰ־ҪץԼ֣вһģӦȭͷкȥ
һȭͷʵͻ˭ҲûϵһǱ˵ĻӣҲֻдģֱһĨʺһƬ
ѽʶʹе
ЩҲӦ˹šүһȫӿ˹
죬һһָԪץסǸˣ
ƾҪԪҲģػ˻ȭͷȻӲĹǣʱԥˡ
ðŸʲôץסҴ٣һȥôʰݵ
˶ڣڻҪˡ
١ɩΪԪ˰ѺǺãòһˣ̯ô¡Ҫ汻Ӹȥˣֻ׶༪٣ǻȥôԶ
١ɩԵأ˸ȵǰʲô˵
˻ȥ׷׵ţǳµˡ
Ⱥ֮УԪһ۾ͿǹһȺһˣ졣


97 
Χ۵Ⱥ׷ÿ˵, Ǽµ˹
ô£Ϊ׵üͷ΢٣һȦʵ
û˸Ӧ𡣵ǻӵȸ״ˣŮ, ö˶˵ľͻȭҼҹӡ, Ѫˡ
Ǽ˶Ǳ߿˹ȥԪƵ÷, ҪЦ, ȴƴסˡı֮һ
, , δǸϤģΪȨ
㣬ö˶˵ģΪҪȭˣĽȭҧ÷ء
Ԫһüλ, ŮǹҪλӵģʵ̫, Ҫǿ°λ, ҪвŮŮҲǱ, ΪԱ, Ŷֵġ
˵ҪѪٲûУ
˵ϹĹԪҲʵĸ˸ǲ, ǶԸŮ֪
Ҳǲ´, ľǶԸŮǰʵλ˵ģ
ǶԸŮ, ͷʵǻҪϺŮȥ檰ϺһУôһŮʱСĲ˻ӵȣӱ㲻ģҪϺŮ֡λˣȾŮɣˡ
˼һʹ飬һ治סؿͷŮӹ࣬ҲҪιȥˡ
𣿡̧ͷ⡣
пֵ·ˣҲ޻ӵΪˣһͷеڶ͡ʱ˾ͷ׷׵ǻӵĲǡ
ˣĿ˻ڵϲĻӣ΢΢һЦӣҿ͹˰ɣ˼ҲǲȣȣҪǿ˼Ůȥ⵽Ķ˵ȥ˵ǲǣ
Цŵģɿڻӵȴĵ
Ҫ˵үӵĲ˻ӵȣ˵ҲԵͽǸĲ𣬵ֳΣϲͷأ
ϲͷβһ𻻻ҹʱͷ絷⡣
ôĵӣӴӵָı˭ŵģ֪˭𣿡
ЦҾȻˣҲǲŽô͸أӲ̫ʹϽؼȥɣԵҡ
ӲûѪҪԼߵ⼸Ƶūͣٿĳеӣվе֪֮
ߣƣһ˦֣ɹǷ˱ӣȥȥˡ
ϲͷŮӸĿͷĸϽȥɡ
Ůǧлˡ
Ԫע⵽Ů˼̲סعͷĿһۡ
ˣԪע⵽ģѲƵ꾩ǵǸˡڵЩҲ׳ЩһЩϢȥΪӢˣҲѹŮӻͷˡ
ŮӣҲǴ󵨡Ԫأȴͬ˵ǿǶĴӣ˼㻹أ㵹ãȥ
ԪЦˣٴθһлüʱ
İ˰֣´οûôˣΪ֮ɡ
ҪߣԪһɫŵ١ɩڵɲԪˡһܹӡվʻ˶
˭ȥ·ϣԪ١ɩ
١ɩ˵ǸģǳµĻţ˵Ϊ׼ײߣξȾΣʱóµ
ԭˡԪ룬˾ǵĵأȻøˡ
Ҳ˵λܴˣ㰢ңôΣգҲΪԼŵ㣬־ǰ壬Ҳ¡١ɩ
ԪţֻЦЦҲ
١ɩ߶һ·ǲȥҶ½Ⱦһ½ӣǰԽʱͦô򱧲ƽֻʱиô򱧲ƽСڣԵЩȴһˡ
һеģ˶ĿԪ˻ӣ½ǰһϼƣ鷳ɴԪ̶ˣȶȥɽϣһСľݣò䡣
ԪһҲǣʶҶ١ɩ˱ͬ½һĺɫǣֶȥɽϡ
ûﲻҲˣһֻռһ̳ҾƣһϢͼ޵Ķ飬ͻִˡ
ǵʲô㣿ﲻɽռе÷ʵ
Ԫ˿⣬ֺ˿ھƣû㣬¡
ܾãͼ޵Ķ鵽ݳǣᷢʲô
պ󣬴ͼ޵Ķþפ˳⡣½װɽȥ̽Ϣʱȴһˡ
ԪԭǲŹģڿǸ½Ĺʱʺ˾ү
ࣿȵؿǰŮӣͷ棬մϳ
ԪԪ㣿ȴǱҪ⣬㣬㲻ǡ۾ԲǸ֣ȴҲ˵ˡ
ԪȻЩʲôЦǵģûңһš
һ仰˶пɣȴؾ
Ԫ㣡˵ţ˹Ҫ
½ԭҪģԪȴԥؾͽסǸŮӣ˿ϵıοúӣһ·ˡ
ò׿꣬ԪнȥϴĹ½͵̽Ҫߣͷλ⸱ģܿȺƺҪߡֻӪطϣλֲ书׾ͱˡ¿޵ÿҵʱֻڣҲû룬ͳ־
ȻΪΨԪһ飬ѿڶ
½ãλСٿ㻰ˡ
λƾһ֮ѣʵ̫ѡ±ֻҪɽЩҲͲ׷ˣŴߡ½͵
˵öԣԪ˵ͷҲԡ
½һЦ¾֪С㶨ͬ
⻰ôŹֵֹģԪšüϴЦȻ˳ۡ
Щ˼ͷЦǰǰ㣬ʵΡ
ﲻɹкȥһûԶˣ˾ţڰȫˣҲ;öӶˡ
ﲻܼ򵥣ϡ̲ˣаֻʣµĿ⡣
ԭЩǣԪһȰЩҲȷǶˣһڣʳָ󶯣Ҳ͹˲ˣһ࣬ⶼθ
ԱˣڷִҶڿֲ˼ңǲǳ̫ˣ
ԪҡҡͷЦʣ㹻ǻе
˲ˣ֣ѾԱˡ
ǺãԪʵܸңΪʲôҪ𣿡
죺Ҳȥؼҡ̶仰Ѿˮۿתˡ
Ԫ䣬ʱһͷ
࣬ӳؼ𣿡ʡ
಻ΪʲôҪôʣʵص˵ͷ
ӻȥļˣ
סδЩһ·ϣҲмء૵
ȻԪ̾˿ôͽͼ޵ĶأҲûһѣ
ֺȦ֪ʱϼɽ
ֻ˴ЩˣǴɡ
Ԫı࣬𣿡
˵ͷ㣬Ҳ㡣
ǺãԪֱ۾и⣬ҪҪһ


98 
½ɽ, һЩ˳ֽȥϵġȻС˵, ͼ޵Ĺа·ѵ, ݸµĹ, ʹͻͦ񡣡
ǰЩҲͰ, һ䡰ʹͻͦ, ԪܾùֱŤġ
ֲǱǮȥġ
½ЦȻ, С㲻ΪǮ
һﵨԽˣԪһۣԼҲҴȤˡ
ˣѾ죬Щû׷, ӦþͷˡԪת˵ھͰǰ˵, ͺ·, ȥ, һ·, ԽݣԻչǵġ
಻סصͷԪ㰲š
ﲻȴԥˣ治ҪҸȥ𣿶һҲ
Ԫ㲻书еֲ̫ҽ, ѲҪȥ̫ࣿ
ﲻƲ죺֪, ¾ˡ
ԪͷģҩͷҶţ½, Ҳ޸֮ˣѲɱȲʹһܱ˲ɣ
ﲻǾڣɵһˡ
RԪһ㶣漴ЦˣûҲһš
࿴ֿǸлҪ˵ȴû˵
ҹշת࣬վͬݵԪԪ㣬˯𣿡
Ԫ𣺡˯ˡ

ԪһЦʵôˣ
ͷһĬ
Ԫ룬ˣ˰ɡ
Ҫ˵˵ϼɽһ·ؾ
ؾýָͷҲ֪˭顣
Ԫһء
ѳζǿ꣬˵һ˵»ؾ󣬲˳͢ӣӲԪΪúλھԴ޵ڶˡ
Ԫͷһ˵ͬʱ־ϧԶǰ̣λʥǰֻ޺ɫˡ
Ԫ㣬¶ĺܺãĿһ𣿡
Ԫһ㶣˲ϢԺͷ㣬ʵòǡ
O@һ죬ԵˣֻΪ²ֵ
ͷˡ
ԪЦû뵽ԭ仨ˮ鰡
ĺݣʡ
ͷûл
Ԫ˰ɫеķɫǰ̣谵޹⡣ĺݣֻ谵ҲҪûˡ
۵ʱ˵ֻǾԵ²
Ԫ˸ֻ˯ɡ
ڶһ磬Ԫͽﲻɴɽȥ
ֻãҹһ̸Ԫƺ䵭ЩתһһЦšԼĴɣοԼ
ﲻɺ࣬ԪҲһΪ˻ͼ޵Ķ飬ûʹáֻ˵ǳǳĺɫ̺ۣ֬ˮ۸ˣɫûƻƵģһڱ糤Ůӡ
½չʾԼĳɹ
½趢ֵİ̺ۿ˰Σʵǵ𣿡
Ԫ̧ԼȻС㻨ò˭ֻǸŮ
½ãʱرƵԼ
Ĳܽȥ𣿡½費ģٴʵ
Ԫ֣ҲûƼ˵϶дҪǹŮ̫࣬Ҳ˵һ½裬ѲɣаŮװ
½Ͻҡͷûá
ǲ͵ˣԪһ֣㵽ʱǱӦϣҲü¡
˵ģ½ʼյģһʹʲôô
Ԫβֻǲ£лˡ
ɽֱӪͼ޶顣
ѡŮĸʾѾҳȥˣΧ۵˺ܶ࣬ȴ޼òȱվվֱˣҪЦôõóֵĹŮûѡĹùú̫޲Ѫ
ǼԪ
һʼԪﻹЩȻ˵ˣ˷ͼ޵Ķ飬Ǵģﲻ˼һ£˼µȹˣЩûСŮС̫࣬û棬Ԫˣϲ
ɵ˵طԪĪЩš
˷һͬȥԵģĸԿ䣬覴ãҲǸ
ȻĹùú̫඼һǺãϡ
ǰһȣⶼʲôˣЩõ֬һڣͿˡ
ǡ
ʲôˡҿͺܺã̸µ壬ΪֹҲ񣬻ʶü֣Ѿѵˡ룬ôĵطʲôõģУ˭ýŮ͵ôԶĵطȥūȥġ
Ҳǡ̫࿴Ԫʵղ˵Ϊ׹вƲҲ˹ϷˣͶݣȴͶ·ģ
ǡԪ顣
ûˣ̫෭Ĳӣٴȷϵ
ǡԪٶȴ
аɡ̫žظ˸£ȥʰʰӪ
Ԫ˳ѡ
տʼҾͽңˡ£˼䣬ֻ˼䣬ȴһ֮ء
ң½֣һõģְҶ١ɩһɨسŵϷ룬ǹٸȥ飬Ҳ
½裬ԪǿǱһĨǳǳЦ˵ǲĺܺģ
½費ԣСΪԪҡ
֪ҲǰʡԪһھƣˣ˸ɡ
˵ԼЦˣԭҲ˵һ졣
һΡ
Խݳǣ·ǴڣһӶһĸĸֵܽãĺľΧһԷӢ˾Ʊһվ׷ŰӢȥ
ĸںЦˣ£ȥһˡ
ίҲŲء
ӢģӦͷһȹӡ
룬Ҫһ¼ǵӣҼ壬Űˣȥѡ
ѻůڵľϯȴûˡֹǾϯů԰ӣˣȫˡһ䡣
ŴңԶһң߽˺ܴſ壬ϵ֣ǡԽ͵ıīȴͷһ
ˣļңѾûˡ
֮УãȻĹˣ֪·
ں֡
ЩϤ
ŶǳR
ţҪѰӰҰããأ
С㣿С㣡
Ԫ͵ۣ½š
ôˣʡ
ţ½С㣬ǱϢˡ
ԪӺǼתһתˣԪҵжˡ
˵ʲôһ·һʵ
½ȴû˵
Ԫɻ󣬹ȥţͼһֽݸ
ʵ¹⣬Ԫֽϵ֣ү䡣


99 
Ԫ, Խӣ˰, ǾٹĿеѹӡɾʵһλ, ˭뵽, õ, ȴǻأ
Ԫ벻ͨ, ôأ
Ҷձĺʱ, ȼֽǮĻڵϸߣӳԪޱߵһС׾ջƻơ
磬̧ͷЩƮԶֽǮԶããֺһ޼, 飬һҪ, ղ, ȥؼҡ
ּžֻɽ֡
ͼ޵Ķ, ʮµִǡ
·ϵЩ, ԪȫȻˣλùĺ׿ȵܳԭͼ˺úõסڷ, ֱ͢ҪǲŮ, ʥϿŮӣڳ£ԼôһֶŮ, ͷǲ
˵򸾾ôһŮȻǲԸģʥּ£Ҳû÷ӣֻýεūͶˡ
ʥһԼʡˣǻˣϽֽѡһˣȥźʺ󰴼޹ĹΪλù˼ױϾҪȥģܽСȥ
һãʡԪ鷳Ҳʡ½Щ¡
Ϊʶ֣ԪûĩȵɨŮùáҲǼλ¹ùãȥùļױ·ȻǲùܵģװɳأùñոЩѡĹŮŹ͢Ĺء
ԪһʱˣСѧǣù΢һȫ֪ˣҲҪװһ֪ʵҲǺġ
ùʶ飬ңôĹŮǵ⣬ÿÿҪܹҫεǡ
һ·ϣԪҲûĻλҪ׽Ա㵽ʱʹ̽Ϣ
򲻴οԼˣ֪һе׶ô¡
ǲ޿඼ҲǼˡʹڱ߾ӭӣ඼̫ӳǣԽס
ùҪ޵ģλ̫ӣ䭡
ֻǣôȴ̫̫޽ҲֻӲ֮λ
ʱ·ϣùþͺǲˡųģԭȻܳ裬ɵҲǻ׹УһſôҲί˿ĳ룬û۰СȴҪ磬ȥ̫ӵĲβģ
ʹ̫ӣŽùúЩֻûһָ˸
Ϊģֻλ̫ӣһȫȥ˺רΪ׼
дССķڣù߶ţͿǰģڣ͸ӭ붫Ամ顣ʲô˼ѲҪǿĳĴأƲǣ
ѵܹһ£ҲͷǡֻԶˣֻͬеǰȥ˽档
˰գ鴹ͷɥʣҲ֪Ǻ޽ˡ
ùÆһ˼ȥôҲҪȥָ˵ˡ
Ƭ֮ùþͳˣɫȴǸѿ
ܹοֲǲ֪ǵλ˵ź磬˵ˣǾӣС£㻹ָʲôⰡ붼̫Ӱڲˡ˵Ű̾
ùŴ̶ȴû˼˰ų͸͸
ǼѡĹŮ˵л
һ˵ô찡˵ǿҪˣԺ˸ô
һͬǾǣҲ̫Ʋˡ
˵˵ȢģʥϵĹǳ˵ģع˵ģкʵģ˱ǲ޸ôҲ̧һ̧λݰ˷Ʋǡ
Ǿɵôǣ
ǿѹõͷ߰ǻô
ùҪ˵ʲô죬ȴ˵
˵ǣʲôãùóң
Ҫ˵вȻ˲ҲͲÿˣǲ뿴ǿƫǵ⡣
ңʲô𣿡
ûУ⵹һԪЦ򵥵ģǾһݳޱǡѲɣ˻ɣ
ҲУ
ʲôеģֲûˣţҲУǾסţóԳԣúȺȣʲôʱˣʲôʱ޿
ǣҪһֱأ
ҵҪ۸һµҪԪЦٲãǾʹظʱôˣôˡ
ùþһ亹ϸ룬ңѾͷ˵ģǻ֡һ˼֮£װŴңȥ˵
ԪһμλȻһֱ﻽ùļˣֲпҲǸ˰
Ͳ󣬲ʮģģδڣȦȺˡԪ϶Щδ˯þ
ң㽫㷽˵Щ˵ùʾ
Ԫͷһֲأָһ顣
ڶֶֻץη֣𣿡ùá
ùøϽ˵ʣҪ㣬Ҵǻʲôʱǲסɾ͸ˡ
ҧ˴һ룬ֿĹŮаգ취ǵˣʵ
⵹ùʲôʱˣߵءԪﰵ̾ؿĻū澳ģū澱岻ݴǣԸΪţ̤һ
㣿һɣǸŮӡ
Ԫ΢΢һЦΪ˿ŮҲصš
ùһƵƵͷеˣԹӴҲģĿ˶ǴŵҲҲţƫƫˡ
ڶգݣȴλס֣͵ݵĺ컨ȴһҲûƼڼĹǣȺ׵ˣҲ޶á
ô£ͬݹԱ
ݵҲǽп಻˭ﲻֻýνֹ̣Ϊ˶ִˣһһ֪ˡ
Щ˲Ǵĸһˣµİӣ˲ûһ˦ֶ֣ظǡ
ãǺֶΡ
˱Ҫ˭֪ûҲδ¶棬ֻһùãһ̫࣬͸Ǵˣǵ棬һԺš
˵ǲ޵ĿǸӵ磬ɲ˲⣬ֶ顣
Сǡڣһ۵̫ٴüЦ˼
ǵ£ʱɵ󲻵ðǵ˼ʱĹԱʱȥǵĻʵ鼸䣬ⲻһ¡
ǰ£Ҵս£鷳ٵΪ
Ѽ̫䭣ȻҲЩġΣյͷˣȽӭаذɡ
˳סùã˷Ԫļ磺ң˵ؿ˴ˣ˵ɣҪʲôʹͣ
ԪΪдʱķڣùÿּҲ˵ͷЦΪģūԸˡ
Ӵ⺢ӡùǸۣɴԼǰߵİ˸Ů·ϲһһֱûϣūͽϰɡ
ùˣңȷҲһ󹦣ûвġ
Ԫ׼ͷūһľúź
Ҫȥ񶼱磬ʹģֻˡԪùõ֣
ùòݺˣԪȰǿϲӣûأùõȿˡЦ
ùøϽĨ˰ᣬԳЦ˵ǣô򣬸ô򣡡װԼ¡
ЦԪļ磬ʹתӣװˡžϷһĨΣ΢΢ۡ


100 
»֮ҹ, ڶؿշжȹġ
˺ͷ˺ƣ̫ӾҲûлݱŵĹ˵, ϲ, ǲ̫ӵ¹ȥ
׵ֶ, ûʲô˵, Ԫ, Ҳú, ֻùãػʺλ̫ӵºʮ˴
Ԫóĸˣͬһżİ˶򣬻ԪԼ, Ҳ˵ġ
ıģժȥͷ, ºص, һ٣, Ȼк˷ĹŮ, Χһ𣬳ԳԺȺȣ˰޵Ҷƣ˵Ъ¡
ڶһ, ֶźǷ, ͬ˯ͷ¡
ֱȥۺ밲е¡̫䭼⸱ģԭΪΪؿչյήҲ, ֪ǸǴ˴ҹƣѹûͽһֻ豭
ֻ豭޹ɥ֮ʱԪùȥ̫
̫ϣһǴҹ㣬Ϊֹ·Ǳģׯף񣬸衣
̫檲࣬ȥ̫ϣپ˷˵ϣССǡ
һǻ˷˵Ŀһˮ촽Ĩޣ죬ɴ¶ϸǡ
̫һ㣬ȦЦӴ㲻Ϊ̫ӵǶҹһѰɡ
¶ǵĻһ˵Ц󷽡
κֲᳳ죬˯ڻźͿȡЦҲ֪λظ
ԪĴͷŵ̫ϣƺǼ淵⸱ɣַֻ̧˷δ˵ʲôٹǣǴײ
淸ǵ⣬ЦţѽҪ̫ӵ飬ûͷȥȰȰ£ǧҴ࣬ɼģҪϧġ
ţδӦ⻰ʲô˼
ùȴ÷Ҫǰȥ˵ȴԪһѸסˡùתͷͼԼҡҡͷùò⣬˵㲻ˣλ̣
Ǹͷ죬ͷŵ̫Ȼǣ淺һǾùˣڿڵˣǧҴ࣬˯ϰߣͷ̫ҽ伸ζҩȥ¸󡣡
һ̫Ԫĵǻˣٸһ棬ֱѹ淣ɲνǸ߰
Ʋ죬ǲ̫Ͼ̫ôᣬҲø̫ӣ仹ǵ⼸˵档
̫Լ̫䭵ǣص¸ڷӦʵǸոգǲڷţ
Ԫ֪ùɵģû뵽ɵһ
ùãȴݺᣬװοСڻԼˡ
ԪοѾֵúܺˣȥ
ùüôУôҲǿô۸ȥ
Ԫ֪УЦùģҲֻ֪ǳէ๬һ֪˾˶⹬ϲ١
˵ʲôԣƵƵͷʾͬ
ùûǵǣһζ۸ȥҪɲôˡ
ԴԪ׼ù÷ģڣزпȥ
ùһҲǣȴǺ۸ġԼҲˣֻ̤˻˸ңܻȫ
˼ˣԪͶȥίε񣬿Ԫһ飬Щ˺ãȴͼİ
һ죬̫䭶ṳ̂¸
ùüȹϵϣ䲻ϲ̫ӣôҲͬҿأǿķˣȴſǴʹ氡
Ԫȴʲô
Щλ̫ӣͬ棬þ檵ְÿճԳԺȺȣò
Ԫ֪ûڻǰɷһɷ磬˸ȻҪһ֣ΣҪϵġڿҲ⣬棬ȴá
һ̫ӵڼ٣ùã˿ôˣ̫һǾͲܿˣ˰
ù˸߲ұζȣдӴĸ輧ʦһԴλ̫ӵҲܸǴĻ
ֻϧ̫ӵºһ仰ǣЩ֮˰ɡ
˱ŸùãɫֻӬҪѿ
ȻɵҲ֪֮ƲǴѰһŵԪ
̫˳ҲǸŮϵɫ̥ǣǰ̺ۣò׼ʵЩۡ
ջߣ䭵˵·ϲڵĻҳмҪ㡣˵
ֱͦ˱
һŽӵϢ̫š
һ㶡ԪƵ÷ǻû
̫ɫ˵ţ˵ȼ޵ҴҲҵˣֻǹǧŵĸ׼ΪТꡣ㿴Σ
·ֻ˵һˡ
ù̫ӵĻȴǾòСТ꣬ڴ乬ˣⶫǸʲôΣ˭˵壿
ǰһ̫ӵ£⡭
һƳǺЦĹأ˵һūҲ죿
ùˣδ˵̹һʱͨ죬ҲͲǵûҪΪҿȡˡ
ŷӦ˵ĵһ£˵һĸˣ
΢΢üǵͷǡ
ޡһȥ
䭼ˣΪ̫ˣҲⰲοֻҪʲôֻܴ߹¡˵ͷҲصؾˡ
̫һţùһ̱˵ϣôѽ
ԪһȥùһԼȥ
̾˿˵˵ֲ֣ҲûôλĸҲ㲻׺񣬿ɸո˵ȴСʱҸ˯ͷͷÿ
Ȼ֪ϵλģ߶߶˵š
ԪԼȴˡ̫˵˼Ҷǰݼڣʱ̫ıӻȴġ
ڳǶʱգ̫壬ͻϷ˵ԼʱĹ¡ȥ̫ݣҲһλƽ̫̫飬ҲһԲ
̫ӵ׼Ԫȥ๬ƽ㡣һֽǮ̻
ԪڴУɮڲžģͷüĿܿܿ
RǸĻʹ̫Ψһ˰ɡ˫ֺʮıһɡ


101 
ڼԪ̫䭵鷿һˡΪ, ֻΪл׼Ϊ̫Тꡣ
У˾ɱһΪˣΪТ, , ؼλ̫ӵ»׼, ۴һͷ, ⶼ׵ԶϺ·
ùҲô롣ǻ, һƢ, ԪȰοһṥƣԪԴ壬ù÷תˡ
ˣ, ҲͲʲˡùԱ
ҪΪͷùãתͶ˳, ÿŷӱ仨˸ԡ
¸ù澫ĳ, һԲͷչȥùú⣬ȴΨԪʧ֡
ˮˣһĴĩĳ, ùöĵ֮, Ԫĸǰ
ԪӻأӨӨˮӣüùã֪ҲЩġ
ùõΪЩ, һֱôݵġ㿴¸, ָָŵĹǣĸιֵģ
ԪЦҳԵҲˣǲֶѡ
һ⻰ޡ
Ԫӷ, ˼ôȥɲУʱøʳ˶ˡ
˼أͿһɫװСŮŹˣͷ˶˵дʹҪ
ԭŵһ˭
ֻ֪ǴġСŮܵϺ˵ģص
ϢͻȻԪҲһءһδ½ȡϵȴ¶֪
ˣù۾һʼĥǴʹǵʱ̫ӵҲøǿӣǰᣬǡ
﷢ëʶԪͷŲŲ
˭ԪҲ˵ͷüˡ
Ȼǻˣᡣ
¸Ϊ׼ʹĵõĹǣлˡ
֣ԪȴѰ˸徻֮أһװΪԺĻݽˮһ˼ˡ
๬Ҳˡʱ¸Ǹ˵ŵڣ׻һס̫ӵĲһӦ١ǵùúԪʾ⣬ǵ͵ˣ⹬･ҲЩڱҲٶ¸Ͷ
๬Ĺ˸ùϵԪҲ˽򰵵飬ĵģϰ
ϰǵ۵׵ܵܣνǵ¸ء۵ϰͳŴĽɽ̫䭣λ壬ùһ常
һλµүȴõϥֻһŮǺٿ
ٿֽεεģȴǽü游ھӪﳤϰһգ飬˱֮丸֮ϡ۶ʮֳ谮ʱ
ԪҲڹмλ֬ΣǸԶԶģϡܿó緢òһΪۡ
ٿǧãչŮӣӾˣʹˣδѡүģ඼ЩԷ
ԷιǽҲ˹
˶ٿ˸ˣͲϰ˴Ӻζȴû˵塣
˵ǺٿھӪʱʶһʿҾƷεͣκһſͱˣ˸С
Ҳ˵˷һϷӣտ㣬ɣÿ֪ϵ£ֻһˡ
˵˱ǸŮӣֻ˵Ǹӡ
Ļ
ԪòЦ֪Щ뺬ٿԼУθ룬᲻ҲҪЦ
ЦЦԪȴ֤ʵһ㣬ϰеȷǲһˡ
ڼ½ǱϰʵɭϣЩʧֱܡԪ֪󣬱ϽûԼٲж
ТڽԪţʱжˡ
ܹµ˷ұ˷ʹģǻʾӾ¡
ŮǿʼλÿǾǹе̳ڴʱûĻüλݣû뵽ؾˣβ
ԪȴǾˣе㲻ԼĶ䣬˵RҪˣ
ң㣬ڸﰡһСŮ
һ㶣ͷŷ֣ӻѾˮˡ
֪ˣСŮЦذңҲ˵µĽڵ°ɡ˵Ҫɹȥ˰ɡ
ԪǺһЦСŮԴϹ˵ʲôأĻȥ
СŮӹˮЦҲŲϹ˵ء˻ԪЦͿŰңˣʵúûϵǵ̥ǵĻһǸˡ
ԪȻ֪ԼǴˡ֪֮ɫ̥ǣżգҲԼǺܺÿġ⻰СŮ˵ݸһЦִ˴ıӣֲ첻£ԭ϶ҿˡ
СŮЩ˼ŤŤӣΪңд֡
¸ĵʱ򣬾ͽȺͬĵСŮǶʶ֣ϾŸĵڣŮиҵҲû˻ɡ
СŮԪȥɻˣţͬʱţʱR๬ƱصҸڣñܿ
ֻţȥƽ𣬻ȥ԰ͻңͻȻڣض˻ģڵҺá
һգΪҺýڵԪʼڵûá鷳鷳㣬ܺùڿյͷͺɡ
˼˼գҲûȵʲô콵ʱߣûķӣֻѡˡ
ﲻǰһƿƿ޹ޣҩǲҳԵġﲻɵԭؼʱ̣ҪҳԵġ
׼˴ʹŵִ඼ǰգԪһˮ飬һźɫҩ衣
ڶһ磬ңϢѾ¸
̽Դ̫ҽΪ
̫ҽʱװģϵÿ˼
ﻼ˺Щء̫ҽ˵˺״Ⱦ뿤˵ɡ
ʲô˺һ㶣´Ⱦúõôͻ˺أеʣҪߡ
⡭̫ҽ֢״ɡ
ԪԼ˵ˣҹ̰
ǺãòУ̫ҽҪκѽ
̫ҽȻӦˣģ΢һĽκֻ⼸ջ뿤²Ҫˣù˲ʱû¡
ǰǰùҲȰǻ߰ɣ̫ҽء
ǲ϶̫ҽǣʲôʱܺأ
̫ҽۺ룬ⲡڣַŸգҿĿǰգ¡
Ҫôãסɣһһ𡭡
ԪǿЦū澣ū澸Եüʹʹ뿤ū澶࿴һ۰ɡ
ҶΪ˵Цùü⺢ӣˣ鿪Ц˵ֶɣʱҩҸԲҲóԵ㡣
ԪЦҪԹùࡣ
ùһۣճˣҪ⡣
̫ҽԵʳҲ洦ģҪһζ嵭
ԪùЦû̫ҽ˵ԡ
ùְ̫ҽ֪ˣȥࡣ
һͷӯǲ֪ˣ²Ϊʲô֢֮ɡ
ԪúЦȴ쳣ůůġ


102 
Ԫĵ, ʹִ඼
СŮݺҲЦֱЦȥ˵СŮȥֺ󣬻ߴߴ˵Լ
ĳ˾, , мʲô˰Ӱ, Ҳû塣ݺһ, Ц˵, , ¿̫ÿˡ룬ֲ̫ӵºÿˡ
˵̫ӵ£Ȼ̫ӵˡʵ̫䭳òȺ, Ҳϵˡݺ⻰˵᲻, Ԫ֪R, ʾݺǺ۹ġ
ңⲡÿ治ʱ, ݺС¯ŵҩ, ̾ȥǴĹķɡ
Ԫ˵ĿǸЦˣôȥ࿴һôͻˣ
ݺһҲ밡, ù÷, Ҳչ˽㣬ָҸϻˡ
ҵĴԪЦͷ, ȥһߣ˸㿴Լ´ˣҲڱˣȥɣԼС
ݺԾŹâҡͷУù˵ˣϽֱȫˡ
ô󣿡ԪЦҲǸŮܵЩߴݺȥɣ˵˵͵͵ȥֵġݺ⡣
ǣҿɾȥ˰ݺ
Ԫ÷Ц׻ǸأľǴֱǰһӣȥɡ
ݺһؾ˳ȥ
ݺһߣʱͰԪͷڴϣỤ̃ܵδ
ݺʢֵܹ࣬˵´˷࣬ΪĻԲŴ˵Ҫһء¿ɺˣ⹬аˣ˻Сǲ
ԪһǺ˺ƴˣͨ죬ݺŸ
ң㣬ôǣһԪ˱һɻ󣬡Ҳô˰ôأ
ǸСɵϰԪһ߿ȸһε룬ԼǱǺҲ
òƽݺţҪһȥ̫ҽưɣ
òãԪϽ֣ոֻǺˣʲô¡
ݺŷģСˣ㣬û˸

Ԫһܲ˿ﲻɵҩ⼸ζ඼ûУǵ̼²С
ݺԴ˵վҪ¸Է
ԪĿӶϣתȥݺɶ
ݺȻ̫ӵģ˵ǿڹмįѵȻҪһ۵ģⲻͰ˾ºչš
ԪҪݺ˵ŶˣλٿҲҪ
ʱֽҪʺ˼ʮ˴Ļ˻ȥ
ӽλٿˣֻǿûĺʱٿ̤¸ԣʵǸѵõĻᡣ
ûгRֳڵĻǾٺòˡ룬ֻûǣλٿҲɡֿգүǻ˳⡣
˵ݺսԪ͵͵صֻ˵ǴףҪٳɾºͺٿ
ԪһЦˣⲻܡ
ݺֵʲôܵģδȢޣٿδˣ൱Ҳƥ䣬ôź°
⻰˵ԪЦҡҡͷİɣ¿϶ɲ˵ġ
ΪʲôѽݺԪ˵ȥΪ磬ý㣬͸˵˵Ϊʲôɰ
Ԫֵûӣ밡ٿϰִȨٴҲὫȥ
ݺȻ򣺡ԭǾͺãǾͺáͷ
Ԫ׿ЦʣǾͺʲôðʲôϵ
ݺٺһЦǸûɶϵžһƵ˶ҪȢһŮӣﻹǾùֱŤġ
Ԫÿͷһ£Ц̳ܲġ
ݺԴȴЦվ¹Ҳһõµķˡ
ôĿãԪЦʣҪſڴ͵𣿡
ݺԴһ룺⵹ҲǲС
ԪĿͷִȥҲŲϡء
ô˵ģȴһγټһأˣû
֪ÿסͷȥΪðգֻһ㡣
֪Լʳϼ£Ǽ棬Ҳûɵؾİ
ΪӭӴµĵ¸»Ȼһ¡һ磬ſӭֳRֳ磬Լѵùŵĺٿϵķ̫䭡
ԪԼķȥҲٷείߡزŪŴǰӻƫϷʱӻѹ߲ŷ꿪š
Ļ꣬ųRƤЦⲻЦģԼסЦ
ͻȻʶֱ⼸꣬ʵͦġһ;øһͦ˼ģôһ룬־еź
ɣſ˴ڣͷӻ롣
ϣϵǶţڣʵ档Ҳʵˣֳżˡ
ֻٷδ꣬ͷˡ
ùóȥûһˡŮŮӣһϵõģȥңСŮݺһȴúܡ
Ȼһ룬Ǳߵĺٿˣ棬ô£һŮ
ԭǺٿŮ룬Ҳݺݺôˣ
ݺǸаŮҪڣͱȣ̫ӵ£λһԹū澱ͷŵģ˭֪СŮԲѷ迤ū˼䡣˹ţū澵Ĳǣū澸Ը췣˵ž͹ȥ
ū澣ūûУݺͰ͵˵ѣȺ˵ģ
̫䭵ɫʱͲÿˣŮһõģһϵĲģĸ˵ãҲƫ̻á
»Сû뵽λľȴµʵŶǶֱ˵Щʲô
ݺһ㶣ĪҪǵԭĳɣ
Ҳ˳Rֲ´
ţÿڣݺȴܲˣ˵ūʱ򣬾˵ǼҿǾµ˵ǴҶ֪顣ū澾⻰̫ЦǾūЦʲôū澾˵ٿǲܼȥġǾ͸ū
ݺС죬˵ָƵģѹ赲ⷬһ˵˶ɫ
RǾ䡰µʱɫѿˡЩЦ
СѾͷǺ
ݺǵ˷ǸҶ֪ԡ
̫䭵ɫٿãǴӾ꣬˴棬֮Բ
ΪΣ¸ȴֳЦβ죿
ѽǰģǲ̫档ѵϡ࣬Ҷˮӣùõֺòء
¾Ǳڹȥˡ
ֻݺ밢ȥʱR䭶ԼͬأƳȥıӰ


103 
Ž֮, ̫ǰ뿪ɡٿȻҲʶˣҪȥúѵһѵǼҽͷѾͷء
Щ, λͳҲû, ѹ̸ʲô, , ȶŸİڡ
RȻҲ, ҲûҪλ, ¡
һûԼˣǸݺСŮػ
ʱֽϯ£ҪѰݺ鷳
ݺҲΪ, ʱ򣬺㷲, ͷҲ̧, һߵڵء
㷽˵ٿǲܼȥ, ΪƶRҲĨ, ֱʵ
λľ£һ˵ݺҲؾͽˡ
ңū澡Ͱ͵, , ҲūԼģǰң˵ġһհףʶͽʵ顣
ң㣿Rǰ, µʵң˭
ݺ֪˵©죬һСľ͸İңˡģ治ǹġ
첻˵ùܷһԼæ͵¸һŮǰЩʱȾ˷纮Щأ¹˲ڷ
ݺͷǡ
RҲͷЦŸòɣȻһңҪһҿɾҪ۸ȥˣ
ŶִӺ˵𣿡Rʵ
һһʮأֽǼ˵˸
ԭR˵ͷǰؾʱ˵ôһֳЦʱǶأ˵û뵽߻һ
ֳҲЦŵ˵ͷ
Ц˵Ҳ⣬
ݣRüͷһš
ǰͷңѡеģʱùþʮ˵ߵĵطܳˮ˶
ùøϽͳǡ
RһͷĪԼȥһǸң
ںδRʡ
ΪҪȥңΪοڳԣάڻڲСŸ磬ݺ˵ЩǿЦɵѾͷء
R֪ڵʲôģҲҪȥֻ֪εóǸ۵ġ
⣬ū澵֪ġݺԥǽң˵Ļԭԭָһ顣
ŶRˣüһ۾Ϳˡ˵˼һ˶ǸССŮأ
ùüʣ㽫ңһһʮ˵˱飬ǸƽҲûٶ飬ѰŮӶЩʶҲеġ
ô˵ĲRǾãͷʲôá
ңŮӵ֡
ùöһۣЩֵֹġ
ݺ¶ĻԪ죬һ䡣
һʲҪݺѧؽRټʵĻȫ˵һء
ԪûѪǧ㣬˶ݺҪ͡˴ͷǹﻹﲻɵƿҩ
ҪȺ˸ˡٵ롣
ֵʾ£ԭңӺЩˣҪ˭ֻ֪һҹִصϢ
̫ҽȥ˺ػ˵ҹ̰˺
ڨڨλ֣Ц⣬ǲˡ
RҲЦţָ棬̫ˡ
ڷԪһｫRǧ飬һֲòпǵƭıӦɡ
ڳRҪģҲ¸áԪţæҪ˼գ͸ýССŮ׵Ժ˰ɡ
Ȼ֮ĺܳһʱ䣬RæĻ飬δ̤¸ԪԷģԼԳźˡ
ĳǺٿ
¸ǽӵӣ̫ҲҪɥΪɣ಻ȥʱͬգRҲڴˣ䭲ڡǽܳùȥĵһΡ
֪ܳȥĻϰԪʱ˾ȻгRڣϰΪҪЩ꣬ΪĿɲҪ̽Ǵ˵бٿݲؽˣǲԪ³У
βȥ´οɾͲ֪ʲôʱˡ⣬ΣҲҪȥϰһˡ
ȵٿգԪĲȫˡöˣǰȥݼԪ֣ңǺˡ
ÿеʱԪһУϴⷽ棬ԶɵϿ
ҲǱΡ
ĳֱӱӭϰĶϡԪ⣬ܿ³бǣогR
һ㣬ʢп֮Ůͬϯ֮һκٿпͶǰͷϣŮ͵ϯ˺԰ʡȴԪ鷳
ƹѲЩͷˣһȾƾ죬˿̸ԡ
ΪŮԪȻҪְģٿϣѰһɾԷϢһ¡
ٿȻӦʣǲһѾȥͷϢ
£ԪŮǰκſϢԼԺ󴰷˳ȥ
Ź·ϣǸϰŮָһǧ򲻿Խǵŵĵĵȥ
ǿԺӣûҲȥáŮ˵
ԪǴ˵еġݲؽǴ
ʱޣΪ鷳Ψֱ
ٿĺĵֻǵܹȥṦٺõˣӺϷɹҲ̫۶Ѳ·˸ˡ
ֻǽǺٿ˶ǰ棬ĵǼžûһӰԪһǾޱӰ£ĴܣȷûˣһҧǱȥ
ֻδ͸еһлеذУѸٻ
ʲôˣذ׼˶ԷĲϣһӣһҶ磬òذ׺ʣȴӾ˼Ϊ鷳ɴȡСˡ
ȻԷˣС㣬ҡ
Ϥ
Ԫһ½裿գգۣ־ȥĶ󣬹Ȼǡ
ôģʡ
½迴˿ܣﲻ˵ĵطС
Ԫ½裬˼䣬㵽һɽɽͷСĹ⣬˼СҪǱ˸ˣΪ͵ء
Ȼ½趨û뷨شԪǰ⣺½ٳһͣӣŽϰ
Ԫֻǽٳ֣
½죬ûӦ
ԪҲ֪ˣ̾ϢҲûӡΪǸĬʣ㷽ΪҪֹҹȥĵ
½Сһȥ̽ˣǺĵû˿أʵأаóȻ룬ضᱻ˷֡
ԭˡԪͷȻǺٿǰӦԭ򰡡
Ƶãʡ
½룺ƵƵãֻҪʱ䡣
ûˡԪüҩЧˣҲ͸ˡ
Сģ¼Ƚϰ࣬ȥ½
ԪҪǱȥ
ǡ½ͷ¼ܰɴļͣôٰϰˣҲͲʲôˡ
Ԫ룬֮ʣҲֻˡ
ԼҪСġ
½费ףܿߣ͵Ӧǡ
ԪҪԴϢȴͷ˵Żˡ
˼䣬ĺǺٿͬһǸˣȴǳR


104 
ǺٿͳR
ԪӰȥ, ˵ڣҲô԰й, Ҫ֪ǵ, ΪļҵĹӺСĻء
˼, ЩġȻ˷ǰ
˴, ֻΪ˿԰ķ羰Rһز
ٿЦٻ⣺ô, ԰ľ²ã, Ǿ¾أ
ԪüλٿڹR̽
RߴɨһЦɫ㣬ȻǺþ¡
Ԫ, Ȼǹˡ
ٿ˵ȻЦöˣǰЩʱ඼÷з, ˵вŮò, ֮ϡʱһȤ, ǲǿˡ
ŶRЦ, Ϊޣ
ô𣿡ٿʡ
ҲǲУֹֻ
ٿȴЦˣ֪һλ, ˵, û޽ȫѣ֪Ϊ, 壬˷
֪ҲãǼңҲǸƽޣҲԸ⣿Rʡ
ٿһ֣ңһˣѵһô
RЦһҾˣΪͻȻ뱾أ
ٿһͱǼ˱Ǽ⣬RȴΪһҲδˣֻЦ
ٿ촽ΪҾã޸Ƚ˼
ǷůʱŮĿԣôһҵó˻һ̡
һϰŮѰٿǰ滨ϵķСǶȥоͶء
ٿͬѾһˡ
ʣ³RһˣںƬ̣Ҳ֪ЩʲôûãҲȥˡ
Ԫ˿ȴɻ󣬺ö˶˵ģλٿôRأȥںĵǸˡ
˼⣬ֻʱߵ½裺ЩʱգдǱߵϢ
½ҡҡͷȥСһźκϢ
ûϢõϢԪ롣
ԭ·ЪϢķ䣬ûһתˡ
عʱԪͬһųǰأͷһͬһȴ̫䭡
Ԫ˭Ҳûϵ䭻ᵽ˴ҪͬˡǴʲô⣿
ţͼ
Ԫ룬ǳȥŮһȽϺá
Ҫ˵ڴŰɣػˡ
ԪиǺˡ
ȴǰһãаңһ˶䭣ʵķ
ʻȴһƬžû˵Σԭкܶ໰Ҫң˵ģȴ˵ˡ
ԪҲòĶȥͷûλ̫ӵ£ȴܲõڴԼ
ңڳʵ
һʣԪûľֻصµĻūң
ҲͬRһҪݺ˵ĻǴѧġȻ˰죬Ҳδʻ
Щ̧֣ۣȴײߡһϽֵͷ
ǾúЦʣôô£
ԪϽҡͷū澲̽µġ
䭿ǰѭ浸صĹŮϲûʲô֮Ҫ˵òϵ̥ʵ̫ۣҪ˵ıѲ¼ʼٸߣټǰúٿʹ£ҲţΨΨŵŵС΢ĹŮڰϻ
˲òࡣ
֮󣬳ֻع˳Ĭ
һʱ˶Ԫȴ䭸ҲҪȥ˭䭾תԼվڳϵ֡
̫߳ˣԪֻãλ̫ӵ½ĪǺ˼پưɣ
ʵֹ֤Ǻ˼پƣ˱Իҩļپơ޷ܵ½£ҹŰɡ
ʮʵڹʲôܳ𾪵һ仰˵ǣ֣¸ȥ
ԪںͷһҪԴˡ
ҹλ̫ӵ»¸
ɽж̶һƽĺˮ˲Ǳǲˣһʼ¸Ĺ˻ȥͨڱ̫ӵޱػָϳҲѧ˷ܡ淵ָǱһ˹ѧ˹ˡ
淵ͺʲô˵һǳߵġ¸˷ϵˣѵôֵˣ˾ߣӾҪϡ
һ˫˸ƽ֡
һֱôȥҲǸ취ù̫ӵµת䣬ɲ⵵ֳʲôȴԳݣǰȥ㽫ɽ󶪸Ԫ
ԪҲȥһ仰Ҳû˵ֱſֵص˵ֻǰһΪ׵淵ĴŮͷϷٶʱɢˣͷһء
ԭߴߴһŵˣʱͰˡ
Ԫ˵ͬĿɿڴؿ¸ĹһۣʲôȥɻеûһģСùÿǮ
¸ĹǱһһ㶵ģ߻ȥˣڷӦٲỹھе淵ˣһ׷Ԫȥˡ
ֱ֪˸
֪¸ֻ꾫ǸöȻ»ĵˣҧ
Ůͷɢһ߿
深޵ķˣָŪ׹ϵգüУҵ취
ڶһ磬Ԫȥź𴲡
̫ѾˡԪĪϲҲòϣǸְĺ̫ӣЩ꣬δйһи
ѾˣڴϷԪЩߣͻȻ
˵ԪҲܲµЩʲô׿ˣֱգ䭲ʵķˡ
Ԫûüڣùþ͸Žˣϲ󣬽͸ϲˣʹŵСŮҪһ͵ǰȥ
һūг˺࣬˰õȿʰͣˣȥšùֺǺЦ
Ԫվù󣬶޿κεߣֻüһԼµʱ򣬵ڶȥ¡ûб̼˰ɣ롣
ùùþ׼ţҪȥݼ̫ġ
ȥ̫УҲͷ֮Ϲȥˡǽȴһ㣬һ̤ãͼ˶˹ΪԼʲôأҿһأҲûʲôѽ
ԪսΪ̫ӵ¸󡣡
ŻȻ
̫ӵ²¸ȥһˣ˳ֵˣδ£深ߵ
һͷˮʲôֵˣ˭ֵˣãȻ


105 
治֪, Ǹ޹ģǹϷԼģ㻹װɵ
Ԫ, , װɵ, ɵ
̫, һŭ, ɵðü, ʹתȥ
˶Ѿˣ׷밲μ̫
ɡ̫ǿЦȥ¡
ȲҪ״̫ҲѾ˵ˣ̫ӵ£ҹ˳ֵ, ˡǲ¸ˣⶫǶҪ¸˿ͷˡ˵Űһۡ
û, һ˫ãȻ۾, ؿ̫
̫޷ֻЦһ, ˵, Ҳ̫ӵµˣԸ谮ĸǶǵԼ˼ǿɰѿزá˵, Ц, ýʱ򣬷ͷɱȳҪǿöˡ
ϵ̫ƫԼ˵, ҲΪ⣬ͱһ˵ǣǳݹס˵ԼĹŮǰƣǼƼͷˡ
̫⿴һۣ⵽ʲôһ£
Լأ̫ʻֲֻܲվ۾ȴǿԪ
ʱȻǲСùϵģԪվ˳̫̫ҹ֮£ʵ̫Ƕ¸ſڣǵƿڴЩūѧʵǲ
ǽƼĹŮתͷһ˫۾ɵԲ
ԪֻûƼ˵¸˶챿ģֳ˼ңûķӣֻܵԱū澴δйҪ˵˼ֻҪһǣ¸һ徻ѡ
㶼ͷˣƼ̲סָУ㻹˵㲻ǹģ
Ԫ޶ãֻ̫˵̫һ룬¸˶ǴģΪѺãСҰܰң£ūθöɸꣿ
˵Ȼǧ඼磬ز죬ֻ⹬һ徻֮أȶգҲͰˡ̫ӵ²¸ҹһΣ˴ŭʹ¸󳳴֣ȫȻ˻棬Ҳδˣ˵Ź£̫̫ӵȰɣΪ¸±¸ȥˡдݵ
ⷬ˵ҲŹ̫޵Ҿ֪Լǵ˲ãҵĴԺٲҪ̫ӵµ¸ˣء
深Ͷ˵öͷ͹ԣǡָϹŵˣȴ˵
ֱ̫пֲȼ̫˵ĪҪС¸ȥˣ¸ǲԻ
ɣֲʲô£οֵ㣿Цʹ˸񣬽ԼĹŮȥͶ
ⶫҾͶǽˣҪһͬź̫ӵµġ̫Цţ˵ѽС˵̫ӵҲķö˶˵ģô˵˲Ҫ¸ȥĻأֶĻɲҪ˵ˡ
¶˵ͷʵ̫ףԼղ˵Щ׶ζЩʲô
ףԪȴ׵ģ̫ҲסⲽԪǰϸϸһغ˵ᣬܶණҪ̵оֹҪעˡ
ԪͷӦǡ
ˣԭҲʲô¡̫󣬿˴ЦҲҲ˵ˣҶǽãľź̫ӵ·Ϊߣġ
ǡӦ
ԭ̫ѵѵû뵽һССĹŮŤתƣβŴ̫˦һۣƼʹ˵Զˡ
ԪıӰЦҲ¸שˡ
ĻЦС㣬ˣѰǵĲǡ
ԪЦôԶġ˵ֿղ棬ıãһҲϷ
ĪϷʲôϷ
ֵԪסװģĲҪ̫¸ȥˣ
дɻԪΪλ̫ӵĬĬһͬᡣװ
ҹ̫¸
ԪҲ⣬˵¸֣Ϊλѡ¸Ҳ򵥣Ͼ˻඼֣ΣϻҪȥġ
ĵѾϨͷˣʱֵҹԪͷȣϡ֪ǲĴֻý죬궼ҪһЩ
ͥԺҹһ˿ź㣬ɢϵ⡣Ԫϵ˿ˣԼĳౣԶһĶ࣬Ũʱ
ÿʱùöҪһҶݸ˿ζ⣬⣬㶹˱ǡ˼ˣ㿪ʼţҪùú˵˵ĺҶЩ
ţ֨ѽһ죬Ťͷ˹ȥӷģȴ̫䭡
ҹģ˯ܳʲôԪʺţȴϸ˼ΨиϽվϥ
еʳˣ˯ţȥгʳſŵС̫˵
С̫㶣Ԫͷȥˡ
䭱Ц¸󣬹µĻȲúʹ
⻰⣬ڰָ̫е¡ĸ˼Ԫװɵ̫ӵ¾ò¸էǻҪЩʱӦ
óҲڰԼ䭱Ц㵹ǷӦÿġ
ԪɵͷūźȻ¶ûЩ
ǰ˫ɫѥӵ⣬ͣԼһ֮ңĵط
ɹ˵ڿ඼ǰȥźġ
Щ䵭ǴԵʣŭ
ԪǳԼģ׼ֻܼвС
Ĳʱյĳֻ̣ġ
Դ䭵Ҳ²˿̵飬ĥЩʲôģΨеȴ
ãЦһ㵹Ǹˡ
ǿ佱ȴҲǡԪﾯ裬˵ֻϧòãȻ
Ļû˵꣬Ԫȴ˿елԼľϣԼɫ̥ʱΪĿɲ죿ͬʱЩڣ֪գϡģͲỹҪųRˡ
ԼԩҰ
ȡʳС̫ˣϹϾѵݵǰҲƣֻ˵ͻȻֲˣ½ȥ˯ˡȥˡ
С̫ḷ̌Ī̫ӵˣŪأԪԹš
ԪԴ˵Сͷ
С̫ͷڵؽʳ׸ңðɡ
˻ȥԼ԰ɡûʳ෴ҹģеء


106 
һΪ, Ҳ෹ĵ飬Ǻٿλ¡
Ǻٿλȥ඼ľ¥, ٷ, ֻĴʤż
Խ˵Խ, ·˾Ҫ붴Ƶġ
û, ݺͷȡ˱, ˵һӵ˵, Լ˫ֲ޷޵Ҳ֪ǵλǱʲôԻռҸȥ棬Щ˵, Ҫɺһ
ԪͰҪ, ֻ˵ԼҲ˵, ǱԻʲôȢ, ҲֲЩˡѽ, ʡʡģôԺõȺõɡ
ݺȻҲʲһͰ, ţҾƲǹӵ⾢
Ԫߴ, ͵ȥɣ¸ûˡ˵ֶݺǵýгݱ, ´һԡ
һ˵гԵģݺʱ˾ӦһͰˡ
ԪıӰɵҡͷЦ׻Ǹӣǳÿ죬ȥҲ졣
ñ룬ԪҲʱˣǵЦңָ
ҲЦһֻӯӯ룬߹ĻΪһ۶ɢ˲١
Ծֻ̣ЦԸù͹ȥ
û˵ʱһ죬ԴҲϰΪȥˡ
Ԫ룬ĵáֻǷòûάֶãչȣͿһϤӰŲЦĲһֱųR׿ֻĸ
׿ǳR
룬׿ǰԪһ飬ת˻ȥ
ң㣿һС̫Ī
ʵ¹ˣ
ǡС̫˾ıͰž£ֽūȥȡЩá
ɡԪţͽԼҲݸҲһڳҵȥȡͽȥɡ
С̫¶ͽˣɼݣ֣Ӳδͬô룿
ֳûԪɻ󣬵һ͸һԵĴϣֳС̫һЦˣ˻ԡ
С̫൱ˣлң㡣
Ԫ˻֣ȥɣҲˡ
С̫˱ȥϡˣRЦŸɣ÷һ롣˵С̫࣬ôģңأ
С̫๧˱룬ң˵Ҫڳֻȥȡˡ
Ե˵ͷ
Rüë΢ңǸæ˰һػȴػضˡ
ڳֻЦɲǣ࣬ҶкܶҪָء
ǻܸɰRۡ
صͷǿɲ
Rǳ˳飬û˵ӳĻ
ŸҲ⣬һŵġ
RȴúŪЦʣǶ㲻Ҫˣ£Ҿ͸ûشˡ
һ㶣RɲҪȥġôһ룬ЩȴҪľһˡ
ɣǿR֤ŸȥǰһΪ
R׷ţȥǰǶãһգ
šü˼Ҫ˼վ̫ӵˣһ¶࣬²УȹӣˣҾŸ¡ʱŸ㿴Σ
RȻ飺Ǿô˵ˡ
֮Լ֪Ԫʱߺ޲ܵ͸ͷšд棬Ԫϸ룬ǻˣ̫ӵū澶Ҫȥƽյġ
һ㶣ڼȷôһ£ÿգҪȥƽΪļ˹򾭡
ңһˡȣǣǿô찡ҶŸ˵ˡ
ǾưɡԪ̾ܶһһգ»ңңڣھͱ¶ˣԷǳRĻϲˣҲԡ
Ԫ£Ƭ̵ķ֮󣬾Ͷˣʼһ
̫ӵµҪ͵ʲôأš
̫䭹¸ȥĲҲǱīֽ黭ִĵĶûʲô⣬ȴ˴ԪҲǣȴ
͵ģʣóɵϿǶλ̫ӵ¶˵ĵġ
⵹Ҳ֣Ȼ׽ʵ뷨ȴǵı£ڶԴŮһϣ¸ܵĴһͻȻܽĶҲġ
ЩŤң͵Լġ˵žͺ
Ԫﰵ̾ʵǿʲôأ
ֿǰ͵ʲôأ
ۿüͷšԪ续ò࣬Ψһõóֵģ⻭ɡ
ȴҡҡͷң͵˽˵ĶͬԪ˵ʵ⼸նһֻɰǣòá
ӣԪһڴҴͥʱҲҴţҹΪRһֻɰʱͬһֻñ֦ء
ң
л˶񣬿Сͷֻδ껨ĺɰǰ˼˵ţҿã
ԪֻɰԼԧϷˮţϧŮ죬ԧõѼ
ԪЦʵ߻ϣôЩҲûʲô棬ȽܷԵġ
Ҫǻ׵壿Ž
໵һУ˹Լĺɰ䶼ߺˣҲܣҾҪ
ҲֻʱԵŮˡ
̫һգԪȥ˰ƽô֣Ҳ޹ء
ÿİƽʱ򶼺ܰڲְҹȼ򣬵ƻͨ˽ķüĿСС
ԪֽǮԼ۵ģܹؼЩȥˣİᣬĸĸ磬ԪҾսɳΪȴλӵС
ģ롣
ԶԶƺտĴԡʧﷴӦ⾪æվ룬ȥ˷ĺ档
ǺٿͳR
ԪֹԻмģ˲ڶϯϣⰲƽʲôضǱĻˡ
뵽ֲģRRԭҲˡתȴЦԼʲôʸȥأ
˵ҪѾƣԭҪݷ𣿡ٿԷǰ
ŷڵԪӷ϶￴Rһ㣬嵽ǰŵ¯
Ųˣ˷棬һݡRƮƮĻһ˿⣬ǿɲͬһ𡣡
ٿЦͬһʹŷұ˴أ
RһЦ˵ʱ򣬹ЦģڷǰҪ˵ΥĻҲǴ
ٿΪ⣺۹ҽµ˶ȥҸǰǡ
RڿȻѰŮӡ
ٿЦҪ˵˵ֻǾ֪ˣҲҴȴ㣬ʵǽб׽͸
ٿΣ΢΢һЦ²׽͸ҪһȷеĴ𰸡
Rֻͷ
ٿȴ˷棬̧°͵ȻˣҼ㣬Ҳǰ׼޵ġתͷ˳Rδ̫Ӱɡ
ԪֽűԭΪٿ˳RɫûзϹRһӣȻǴ˿̣ٿسϣҪģһλãҪģǴĻʺ
RȻϵ˻ˣһҲ⣬ü˵ؿҲ֪ǰ滹кüֳ۵ҵʮһܻǰͷ
ٿЦҡͷЩ⣬ڣϵλ
ΪʲôңRʡ
ٿ룬˵ɣ˷ʮһܣҲ˵֮ⷬ⣬ѡ⡣
RһǸˡ
ٿЦͬղ飬Ȼ̫йҲֲղܵġֻ⿴
ҰİR˵ǳ
ٿҲںֻ뿪඼֮ǰϣܿ
ٿȥֻʣRһڷǰͷ˷ЦЦʵ˵ҸòôӦأ
ôһĹԪΪԼ
ʧһͷʱԭһֻɫè䣬˱Сȡ
ˣǱһʶһ
˭ǰ洫R
ԪŵøϽҲû룬ֻС껨èһӡ
껨èأRͣҪĽŲ˵ϵС껨èЦԭ㰡
С껨èؿƬ̺ͷʹӺ˳ȥ
Ԫ³RС껨èĴڱһˡ
ԼĿҪɤˣRĽŲȴԽԽԶ
ָֻ˰˰ΣȶҪˣڸĴشֻǰͷյģûκ˵Ӱˡ
ŷվ˿
㻹ûлشҸղŵءR


107 
ôһ, ԪԼȫѪҺֹͣ
ôվתһͷ, ֶܳԺ
ǹ˺ܾ, RڳŻ֡
ȻܻӦ, ־, ȻҪҧˣϴˡһ, Լɬ, ·δɤ
RȴЦˣϣϴ˭ϴ㡣
ԪǰһжĻΨкȵվס
Rվסˡ
Ԫվԭ, зɿðǧͷ˼Ÿλǰ⡣ûᱻRϳ, ֻǻһ˿ϣ, ֻҪܰ뿪඼Ϳʡȥ鷳ˡ
Ȼ, һ˿ϣҲ
Ȼˡ
һ, ת
յĳRһ°׳ͷڣ˵ѹӡǺȦĿЦŵĻ, Ȼˡ
ȴЦŵģþò˵
ۼųRͷϱ, ţǲǻҪ˵ʲô, ͼ̤ǰһ죬ͽ뻳
úܽԪЩҲھ͸šֻ첲Ҳıر
ΪˡRӶϴϵůĶ⣬ã㻹šĶգĴһů
ԪǷãÿüšǳRϤ顣
ЦЦ⼸ֻżֹɫټˡ
־ȥԪҲΰɡ֪ʡ
Ԫ֣ûԼȥ
ֱúۣʹóR⿪ģģ˸߲ҵ˵ţͽԭת˼Ȧ
Ԫץļ磬ּǷãǶԷĲأ
RЦţŲһʧõˣף͸ҴӴ˲ʧȥҵ䱦
˵ģط
Ԫֻ˵أžİ̧ͷּRֻԼϵ̥ǣתȥϸƣΣñɣ
Ŗȥͷ֪ľԻΪġ
һֻҲĿԣԪ￴ԼĵӰȻЩ
⣬Ƿáš
RЦüң仰Ѿ˵ˡָĴոǹָ̲סҪٵͷȥ
ۿԼԽԽԪһȣһƣ͸ˣУһ˵
ⲻ֪ڵģǽгRһĻ䣬һҲΪޡ
֪ڷðͷǶԷĲʵ̫ˣݳ޵룬ӦòģϾھǸˡ
úúãײˡٴ뻳Ż˵ůرۡ
Ԫȴô֪ңʡ
R䲻ƴ˿̵ͣЦˣش˵ֱ
Ԫˣ첲ϴ£ֲŮˡ
˵ĳRЦøˣ§ԪôŮ˵ֱͲҲֱˣ
ԪѧղŵĿǣϳ
RЦã컹Ǿҵģֻҡ˵ų̾Ϣֻ첲յýαˡͷ䣬Ƶ˵
ԪۣȻܹھʹӦҲԸ˿̾ѹ˼ȥĸ첲˵ûȥϯˡ
ҲȥR˲亢Һòײҵ㣬ﶼȥˣҾ㡣
֪Ԫ˰ۡ
ǻġ˵
RһкûͻȻͽᱧ𣺡ʲô˵ƼСŮΪòһʱˣô˳£ˮɡ佱Լ
ԪȵŵʲôƵģУ
ҾͲRü
Ԫһҿɾ˰
仰ؾʹ˳Rȴߣɷ˵ͽȥǽǡ
һЦ˪ħ֪ҵ֪µϢʱǸʲô𣿡ʡ
Ԫ֪Լƭȣ޷
ҺֹҾŭ顣һ·Ҷ룬һĵŮˣǰһ컹ͬҰأ˷ޣ˵õĵһתͷ£ʬ׶ûҡ֪վ±ߵʱж嶯Ҫȥһ߻Ȫ·𣿡
֪ԪԼ֪Ҳ֪
Բ𡣡Ψұߡ˳R۾ĺҹ
̹޿κΣΨǿӲҪ󣺡òңٴα߶ʮһĶͷʹҵ˿ʼ
Ĵ뿪ĶͷԪۣͿſŵСɳ֣һֵؿˡֻǸʦΪǵʥоģɷȴƼһĻãڳͷûΡ
·СɳѵԪٴαۣ˳RĻ
аɡ롣
԰ƽ¸ϣ˶ƼôһĻλ뺬ٿĽͯȴһŮˡ
ΪˡͯĻûϳ˭ǡͯĵһ䣺ң㲻ǲŻȻ򣬲ˣȻ¸Ǹɫ̥ǵң
İϢ÷ɿ죬ò˰յĹʳǵ˾Ͷ֪ˣڴ֮ͥ£¸ң
ʱϯδɢ˶ʶ˺ٿͬһȥģȴֻһˣӾʹ˾һŮĳ£Ƕ£뿴λĿ˵ĿηӦ
ʧǣٿԴ˺޷ӦɳԲ˺Ⱦƣ·ҿĶһ㡣
ΨŮƵ÷ٿµ֣սȭͷ
¸ڣԪϼɽӳεݣλͼ޵Ķ飬඼ʳ⼸꣬һһʮأȫ߸˳R֪
ǻɣϰﱻںĵǸˣԪ³УRüϢȴǵһ˵
ǡԪͷֻδۼ½ǱϰǺĵɭϣһʱҲԵ֡
RҲȥϰģȻǸεΡ
ͷ֣¿ɾ˼ˡRĦԼ°ͣ˼ֻͷ⣬ԶĻҪӡ
ģԪʵ
RЦΪ⼸Ҷֻ֪𣿡
Ԫڨڨãˡ
㲻ˣҲҪΪԪϴԩһס˵
Ԫͷл
RЦˣֹ°ͣ峺ӣЦһлȥһ˵ţһһֻ־ϵϵ
ԪһȡվӣҲ֪Լ϶ˡ


108 
RԽԽ, Ԫп⼸ǳԽˣʮֶøεԼ, Ϳۺϵǡô, ޷ܾ
ҲǺ޽, ɫջ, ǲˡƾһ˿, ֵ̧֮䡣
ͬǸٿ, ôһ£ʡ
Ǹƻյĺ⡣Rһ߰գһ־úЦ̧־Դһ£Բ۾Լˡ
ҸһϵûС˵
ԪǵһЦ, ˰ˣǰһɽˮ, Ŷ, ӶһŮˣ˵ûϵˡ
RȻƵóλεرԼ, ں, ֻãʲô鶼ã˵ģ, ơ
һ, ΨһйϵŮˣֻԪһûţͷһ·, ˿ӣϾ̫ˣҲ˳ԣλھЩˡ
ᣬԪЩҪˡ
Щ˼ҡ
ң㣿⴫ݺһţûˡ
ԪҪȥûһͱRסһ˳Rˡ
ݺڽңţҵóȥ
RĴĲӣװۣһ㣬һ˵û¶׿أûܽ
֫ĸ첲սһ̣ڣ㻹ֻǰɡո˵ʲôţʣȴ˵ĻᣬȶĴ
˵ʲôţԪҲ벻ˣϾھͱ׵߻أﻹ˼
̸˵ңͷԼ䣬ܽᡣ
ݺǸճһңķ⣬ģȴƺðźݺҪͷľͱԼˡ
ǲǲ룬ԼٴĺģҲ뱻˸ˣֻûˡ
ҹ¸ϣһ죬Ǹûи壬İңôͱָأû档
ùõɫνĲÿҲһ벻ףⰢңô͸¹أԭָţԼ֮󣬰ңչ˿ء
ݺ£ȴü⣬ȸԾû뵽ǧ㣬¾ǵİң㣬¿ǸЩ˴һ⡣ȻǴŮӸ
¸˸˼̹ģĪڳRԪˡ
ʵŮǹR治ɫŻѣһʱ鶯ûаѳס
޳ܡԪｫ˸أʼձŵͷ״̬һֶ˵
ȻǱˣ⣬ǡͰ͵أȴ˵Ȼ
RȻ˼ǰ֮󣬻治Уû̥ǣֻѹҪЩ˵Ŵ׿ྲԪ΢΢һЦҾѾˡ
дˡ顱֣̲סҪ˵ǣǣŸ磬ңϾɩɩδ⣬δЩƽ
ԪΪжҪ֪ˣ˵ȴΪȥR磬βݣ
ȻRΪ⣬˿Ԫʱ΢ЦЦȴѩ֮䡣
Ϊ־ãͺܺˡ˵Ҵشܱľһĺá
⻰˵ÿǲ飬Ԫ̲ס̧ùٵ˼ˡ
ۣ˵ͷŸ˵ò
ùþ㵡
ùãлᣬ㲻ȥ𣿡ЦңҲҪȥȥҵߵġ
ȥĶūȥĶù඼ū㿤඼شū濤ȥū뿤һ
ùáȻ
һĻĳĵˣ̲סҪᡣɳRȴǸ⣬ڴÿ޵ʱ˵֮ܶѾͷҪˡ
ԪңأԼʲô㣿
˵߶ϡֻƽңĲ̣Ը뿪ϾңԪԽԪҴС㣬Ԫ
£ͷ
һоڲС
һжѹ·ԪЪ¸Rشǰһʱա
ȻûģͲܶԼΨùã⼸ռԪǺߵһŤͷߣȻǲѡ
ȥ˼Ҿοȹͺˣͺˡ
ԪòпǸСɵϰ
Ȼûùûٿˡ
ٿǾгģ²ˮ㿪żɽңҡ
ԪʱٿϣһԣѰҪ֪Ϊٿ¸ء
Ԫؾ°
ٿΣ޲ϿѪ
ҲƮƮе
ԪͷŬЦǳԿϵ̥ǣûǿ̥ǣҲǸء
⻰ԪģԪȴп࣬ԽֻԽҪҡ
Ȼٿӣ΢΢̧°ͣ˵ˣͽǿ̥ǸȥҵҪûǿ̥ǣǸˡ
˵Ŵͳذһ뵶Уϸϸǵ棬Ц֣
ʧɫ⣬ʹð
ٿذףϵǸŮһһ˿ֶûУúǺ棬Ц˵أ
Ԫ̧ͷϺٿߣ˵ūţȻǲūֵġ
Ŷٿ£ǰӣʣΪλأ
Ԫ򾲵Ϊ˼ž¡
ٿ΢΢ۣΪһΪһˣŹһŮˣ
ᡣԪǼᶨ
ٿߵԪǰذԪԼȴЦŵģ˭˵
ڵվºٿһģ͸Ԫ
Ԫȴ򶨵öࣺҪĵʲôū澣ֵֵҲúܡ
ٿһ٣̶ЦˣȻ㣬Щ˵ˡ
Ԫ֪ˣһ룬᲻ģҲνˡ
ٿ֣Լ˿
аɣˣԺҪӻأ磬ٿЦɨԪȥϰźһʱΣ


109 
¸һԷ, Ԫ˹ʰҪϰˣʹһҹ
ݺһԸ֣һ, ߶߶ģֲðң˵, 㲻ϡ¡ԭԽǲϡ, Խ׵õ
Ԫȷ˵⻰, ݺȴ˶óĽ, ȴǽЦ, Ψ˵÷˭ǳûм˭ˣǲҪȥˡ
ݺһҲǣ㻻˸⣬ֿʼٿǰԵ, ߷߲ƽԼǸ, ¸˵ʲôҲѾͬˡ˰ۡ
ԪֻЦ
ݺȴԽ˵Խ, ɴRҲˣҲǵģѵٿʲôһ˵Ż԰ң, һתͷ, Ͱ͸һŮȥѾߣʲô
ԪֻΪRĬһ˱ˡ
˵ţſڴŲ, תͷʱ, ȴǶնԪܶùá
ùãݺȸԾЦ
ùһۣԶֹġ
ݺͷתͷȥİңʰˡ
Ԫù, ΢Ц
Ǹģù˵ţŵİСϡ
Ԫ˹ȥ˿ֿ˿ùãЦҴ
ùƲͷȥɡӲ˵
Ԫ˰ͷһոµ£õϺõᱡӣ½Ҷһǻ๦ġ
лùΪҷˡ˳ϣ˵
ùϷݣѼӲģԼû뵽һ͵͹ԼΣûӣֻñѾͷˡ
ûɡԪЦ˹ȥùõһֻ첲Դļ磬Ǽİ̴㣬Լĸ
ԺҲˣùҪչ˺ԼܲĵľͱϹˣݺҲˣܰˣ˼Ҿͷĵȥɣͺúõꡣ߶߶˵ţǴƭʼ⼸ദ꣬ȴ١
ù̧һֻ֣죬ֺݺݳŬʹԼö˶˵ģ˵ʲôڲڵĻ಻˵бۿԪû㣬ϰǶˣǲߣŸҪչ˺Լ
Ԫĸ첲˽Цһġ
㰡ù̾Ϣ
ݺһѣһԿЦ
ʰҹҲˣùúݺȥЪϢˡԪҲЪ£˴ϣȥȴôҲ˯š˰ʱ̲סӴ˼£Ժⲽȥ
ſڣֵҹС̫඼ڴ˯Ժĵصţĳ治סͷˡԶһжʾһҹ
ԪԺһȦСߡСûܣһˮֻ˼β𣬲˯ʱҹ˯ˡ
ڿʲô
䲻ģ
ԪŵСھ£ת˲֮䣬͵Լ̬Ѱվת̫ӵ¡
µشϵģ㲻˯Ÿʲô˵СҲۣٲȥϰôǳˮҲͲˡ
Ԫֻۣϵģû˯ϹĿɲֹһˡֻ⻰˵ȴ˵ڣֻܰһˡ
䭼ͷǰһͻȻѹ˵治Ըȥϰ˵һа취¸󡣡
Ԫ͵̧ͷЩԻ⻰ʲô˼
䭼飬ɵЦɲҪᣬҲΪǿҿƽ㻹ͦġ
Ԫ룬֪⻰Ǽ٣ҲʧΨһܽϰ̽ѰĻᣬúһʱһ
˵룬ֵǸ鷳ǰŮӣԸ⣬Ҳ඼
ԪɻΪҪͬū˵Щ
ΪЦܾã㲻Ʊ濴ϣŹ¡
Ԫﰵһ䣬ȻҲǸ˾ϣҪװͿ˵Цˣū澵¸¶úܣﻹʲô£
䭻Цģ
ʹ뿪ǰ㶼л඼ôһ仰ͷ䣬תƮƮȥˡ
Ԫվԭأü˺ܾá
ڶգ¸һ˵£Ԫ̤ʹ͵ʱͬĵﾹЩȸԾſ޳˶֪ǶԲס
һ粻˯ҲЦΪ׵ǸŮЦΪ
ԸûмԵˣԪڸ¶Էһͷ֮˵ɢ˿ЦΪ¸ңûεסˣ
еݸݺݺǰͷָԴĹŮסˣ˭ҪǸ˵ǵĻǧҪͶˡ
ݺصͷս˵ңİɣҵҶء˵вص˵һˡ
˭Ƶó¸һң
۹ΣԪ˳סϰ
ڼRδ¶棬Ǵʹھйǽÿջ
ԪĵҲǸˡ棬ݺĶìܡ
ȻҲĹŮ䣬Ǹ¸ĹŮܣа治ɵҪͷ
߲ȱźˣʲôضģֻܸЩͷѾһȴӴʹ𡣡˫ֲָʹ
⻰ںŪˣûңԪҲѾߣҲзָȣʹģߵģЩģӵϣȥѾߵģһζӴʹĿʼǱһӶˣͷ
ˣԪ£òͷѾϰͲûȥĵ
Ȼһ죬ԪɨԺӡȥ˺ĵҲ½衣ɲ½磬ʼɣ½軹
٣ʲôأûɨվһԪںˡ
̾˿ֻӶɨѡʲôľͿʼһҶˡ
档Ժſڴһ˵
Ԫ̧ͷһɤӣףˡһƵģԪ߹ιƮſڵӡ
ƱŮˡԪ˸Ժſڣһʮҵӣһʹ磬һ֪Ҳϰˡ
ԪʱǸСסˣҲ߿˹
ס⵲֮䣬Цг֣ҪĶأ
ЦЦŵֽݸ
ֻֽ͵ǰһţֵȻš˵ţӣߣȥһ衣
ӱקߣԪʱɻ󣺡ǡ
ûǸ¸ĹŮһҲ˵Ԫһ֣ˣסشߡ
ԪҲȥһԣ治ϲа׵ˣȻŷͬһĹϵȻҲϲ
ɾ̧߿ʱ֣һƬ΢ҶƮƮ£һСѱԪɨҶϡ
һ̧ۿʱѾˡ


110 
ҹ, ԪƬ΢ҶǸСס˵
ϰĲ˵ڶԴ˳Դסһ, ίǡ㿴, һһԷ, ɱȱҪ󷽶ˡ
Ҳˡҹᡱ
һ󼲷, һӰԴⷭ˽Ԫۼֿ, ͷ˴
ǰġס, ˺ɫ沼ҪԪ
Ԫǰͷ֣˰ˣľˣںЩʲô
һ˵һϸ, ѹʵЩʱգ̽ʲôˣ
סǱ, ½衣˿һšס, ҡҡͷûպãʱնɳȥϰȥˡ˶, ּѲ, Զǧ֮⡣
Ҳû취ԪĦҶһ½ֶҪûˣͻȻЦ, Ǹ桭
Ǹš, ½跺ĶȴûϵһԼҲǻڲôúõؾϸô¶ԭأ
ԪúЦҪοʱһжͻȻ, ¾߱ҲǺܺˡ
½񣬷С˵ǣλദãѿԶ϶ǺĵסŵģȷǸˡ
һϣԪû˯š˻ʶ˼ǧҪڶ̶̵ʱڽĵĿǰǳ롣Ȼȥ⣬Ǿǵϵ˳
ʹŴӽǻRڵһʱϰ˭֪ΪǸ¸ĹŮģ˶ͬǵĿһȻȲһˡ
Ȼ˵ԤϣRδֱȥǸŮֻѰ˺ٿ˵
һŲżϣ˸첲Ԫɨأ䳰ȷʲôãΪλ»ǿ㰡ҲԼö˹֣֦ͷأҿɸɣͰĸǿɨһӵĵذɣİӹ
ԪţֻɨƬءԾûȤңԴӣûһ仰ǰ滹Ϊ紫еһ㣬ǶһأҲ
R뺬ٿߺߡ
ٿôȥǸأȴңô۸ȥɣ
RЦҼȴӦ㣬͵ź򣬸ôǶˣ޴Ӹ档
ٿ룬ȴǿ֮ˡλұضõ
RȻѾչҵĳ⣬ɿֻôһ仰ҡ
ٿҪҵĳ⣿
ӦˡRĿС΢΢һЦţǺĵϾסſˣ
ٿҲ˹ȥ̸ϣǸгˡ
Rüһг裬ֵỵ̈
ٿɫ糣ĵĲãҵһЩСðˣΪŽġ˶٣˵ǵҪҵĳ⣬ǺãҾͽҲ㡣
RһЦ⵹ءֻţǿϵˣضŹ֮ģҵʶһ£ҪȥɨԺӡ
ٿüͷһ֪ˡʱںĵ¡
R뿪󣬰濴źٿȥһüչģﲻæҿȥʣֻܻվһԺš
ȥǸңٿڿڵ
·˲ͱƻ˻ѪʱǡӦţתȥͬʱϲţӣֻǸңҪԿͷˡ
Ԫ̤鷿ǽĵһΡʹһŮӶ๤Ů죬жģȴҲûԼ鷿Ǻٿ඼Ҳͷһݡ
ˡٿ鰸Ҳڳ
Ԫͷǡ
֪ԽԪңٿʡ
Ԫһڼ԰ٷְȷˣǺĵˣԪ³С
˵Цˣ˭û˵ԽԪҵĴءū澴δȥԪҾͷҲŵġ
˵Ĳ٣ٿҲ֪ˣٿǿһأƺϿʲô
סꣿٿʡ
ٵʱȷô˵ġԪǡ
ԪҵĴʱ
ʵˡԪɴԴԪھӪ¼ϣū澼ڳϣʵƫƧܼԪӵء
ٿ˶٣ֵ޷Ҳʣ㲻طϣҲ֪ˡ
ˡȻǳR
ԪͷӦ
ٿֵպĵ磬ҲȥźŰɡζؿǰü˳۵ŮӣȻǾµˣҲܸ˿̺Եġ
ԪһҲݶж˸ˣٿԼRʾĳ̶ֳ˵ɲǸӣ
һҹԪȴ˯ü䰲ȡڶܹ֤гɻˣȴޱȵذġ
죬һоͺˡ
ʱУ׼ȴǴͿʼ˵ġǵţĵͰϣææµµ׼š
ֻȱԪ
ûİţٿĻֻʱȥϷ̾УĶԺӶɨ˵ԪУееȥɨԺӡ
ڡסѰ棬ɰһʱУֻŷţȻͬ˵
סʱԪ˴ǰ
ȥ˺ĵϣʱС㻹ҪСġѹ˵
Ԫ˵ͷİɣһзִġ
ѾĴ㡣
ٽʱR㵽ˡԪҪһȥĵź
ҿɸˣȵ˵ϣ˵ʲô˵ʲôԼиһߣһ߲ѵаϯϲ˵ƣûҵĻԲĴߡ
Ԫһɻ󣬰ǵ⣬Щͷǵ϶ǿõĸֻأһСģܾͻᱻͷ첻Ӧеصزģ죬ҲѲƤŵ
ԪЦˣ֪ˣл̻塣
汻УȻǵˣҡڣš
̤ϺĵԪϸ鿴⵺ϵΣֻϧ֮½ڣ˵Ȼɶ˵ȴȫȻֻܸ˰棬ʱ·¡
RͺٿѾϯˡٿRЦûҵصذ֪¿ɻϲ
Rת˾Ʊ۾Ԫϰ˵ѣ²ɵģȴĵ˰װ׾ɾ÷·һʯ
ˡRЦձҪģɲļա
ٿԪȥΪƣһЦ·ģҶѾ׼ˡ˵ţߵ˵ɡ
ͣԪȴһ֪ΪΣǰܰĵһȴĪͽ˾ƺֱ۾ȴڴһĨɫӰ


111 
ڴԽԽ
ÿ߽һ, Ԫľ͸һء
Ǹɫѵˣѱ紵𣬹ݵΡ˿, 󡣿, 
Ǻ⣿R, пָɫ, , ȥĴ
ٿ, ΢΢üЦ˵²þ⣬ߣʵΪǰˡ
Ŷ, 𣿡Rűӵֻȥһֻжˣ
˵, ǰ, Rͺٿ
Ҳ˵˻ٿһֽ͵
R۴ˣܿڣü˵ɡָָԷ, ժ, ñơ
£ٿǿЦⲻðɣ»š۳RԪ
RҲԪ, ɫ糣, ٿЦҴĶŮɲûʲôСһ, ҵĶС
˵ϣٿҲͲ˵ʲôˡ˵˵ͷ
˾ĬƬ̣ڻ̧֣ƵԺ⿪ϵ
ɫ߱Ƽһʱȫžϰ˻ϰˣԪͳRȴǽʵʵһ
RɳɱѪȵĳ棬ЩѪģӣ촦Ĳ״
ԪҲĸ׵ԽݣսҴıʿһֻ۾һֻ䣬ȱ첲ȱȵģҲ
ǶûҲûЩ˺Ժ龰
˵ĴϣһŤİ̺ۣʬ壬ƤϡóоģҲֻһˡ
ˣϰɡٿҲƹˣ
ԪžƺսǱݣ˫۾ȴϵõġǾԪ³УĴ磬Ǹǧˡ
RԪ³̫죬ע⵽ԪķӦҲƶˡ
֪кβգһÿĻģʵ
ٿˣ΢΢һЦһֺýңֿ˳RǰòֻҲδػ¡
˵ţַԸˣȥɣλƣĺý
ȥ׼
Ԫ׷߶ϵһ̣޶ԣ·ڿһİ˶ѣ޲
ϵˣ
ϴRһȣعתͷŷԼ֮䡣ʶˣóR÷ˡ
ֻܶҪԴˡ˵棬ȻЦ
ԪʶٿҲľ˲ū澣ū澴δˡ
ٿЦ˵ʲôţתR㣬ƫҪ
⻰ԪţôúٿмԹζأ
RЦţٿ˾پƱ˵ǣԷһ
˵˿ִһ볡
ٿ˵ò˵ȷһֺýΪݣ۴䣬мˡ
Ԫϸһһʽʧǣһ˿һԪ³еӰӡʽֻʣζ轣ԪʶǸԪ³˵Ҳȥѧ
Ԫ³е۾
ֱ轣˿ˣԪҲûȷ׻ǲԪ³С
轣ֻ֮輧ˡ
ԪĽƣȥǸˣǲĴ磬ûԲԪҵ飬׶Щʲô
RҲ첻Ū£лˡ
үҲڰǣһԪСЩʹһ㶣ϸӣҲǸõСˡ
Rͷ߳һϸܵĺΪȵģּɫ԰ȴǱȵģʵôˣﲻ𣿡
ū澡Ԫۺٿǣǡ
ٿһˣ²ˣŮÿ¶ᾭġ˵ַԸ˰棬ȥѰɡ
RҲˡתͷԪȥɣȺЩٹ
Ԫ氢ϯ¡
ںĵѣȥٳ
ԪȹٴʱԭߴߴԹŵİ棬ͻȻ;ǿô¡ߣǰǸūš
ԪһӾ
ūˣ˰棬ûʧ
Ԫһ㶣Ͻ׷ȥƽһƬأŲ˼ţһ̤գ˶һ
ͻȻʧأԪ˼ΨһģԼصʱҪˤ̫ѿˡ
ڵϵʱԪͱµƣ۾δӦ°ҵĺڰȴһԵĶ
΢һ죬΢ƵĹ⡣˳ſ˹ȥūȼ˰
ƵĹ⣬ûȥİ棬ԼԶĵط
䰵Ҳûʲô裬ǽǱ߶˼ֻľӣҲЩͷˡԪǽһţ֪ͨδ
ūǰľϣתԪ
ԪãӦÿóߵԼʲô
㡭ſڡ
˿һָۣպպǽˮתʼǽд֡
Ԫ£ǰۡ
дԪ³С
ʱ˿̣ԪѲʲô𺳵ˡ˰棬䰵ҵʱѾȷˡ
Щ̻ʣȿֺð˳ɵ˿ڣʶ࣬ûôںˡ
ʵǣ⼸꣬û𣿡
Է˫һֱƽӣ˵㶯ݡ
Ԫ̧߽֣Ҫȥժߣȴƫͷ㿪ˡ
־ô˵⼸꣬ܿɡ
Էߣһպˮдһ֣
ɱҡ
̶֣Ԫȴͬһ
ԣ㵱桭ͨѹĸ֣Ҳ˵ڡ
ҡҡͷ˶ֵ֮˵ͷ
Ԫס
ŵİ棬ͻȻһҪѹˡ
˵ֻǽд˸֣
ԪʣĨ˰ѵϵĻңԪϺҲ˻ءţҲȻǵСţһ޶
ԪƬڰ·˿̵ģã֪
˼ˡԪعѸҲ룬ֹ¡
ӴҵԴˡ˹ףĶ
ԪװҲˣôˣ
ǻԺţô£
ԪҲ֪ҿ͸ˣ֪ôģ͵ˡ
£ֻұץסֻģһСģ˻ˡµǸҶ԰ɣԪ
ԪȻ˵ˡ
ʱ¿ɲˣҪˡ
Ԫץסص㣺֣
Щ˼ʵѾ˺ٺ١
ԪȻʧЦԭһС


112 
һʱ, °ԪͰűҵ簢ϣٿһҲû˳R, ͸˸Ѫͷ
ڳRǰ, ٿЩⲻȥ, ֻѵԪ˵;³ɡ
Ԫ֮á
, ľǡRԪĻ, ˵
˵ͷٲдˡ˵̧Լ, ̥Ǽٵģϵ˰ȴġɵҪЦ˵Ƿ̰
RĬ֣Ҫȥסġ
, ￴һأ, ˿, ҪǺ꾫ˡ
RЦ꾫ΣҾϲĺ꾫Ϸţûǣ, ɴתıϹһΡ
ѽƿĸ첲
, ˵¶ءšüɻʱдǸ֣ʲô˼أ
벻, Rмת, Ц֪
֪Ԫʲô˼
ڻûʮİաR, ģһȷˣһһʱ㡣
ðɡۿϰĴžǰͷˣԪվסţҾ㵽ˡ
G͵𣿡RЦ㲻һߣ
ˡԪûĺ飬Ц췢ʵ̫ˣҵûȥúۡ
RЦ˵Ҫ𣿡
ǡͷ
ҿԾĻǣҪͿˣΪλҪأ
һ㣬Ԫܻش𣺡Ϊ£Ծ
Ϊƶ룬ھô֮ڵģλţ˵һˡ
ֻǺ¶ѡ
ϰûãʹžҪظˡһԲĻ񣬻Ĭһ¡ʾȾ»˹ûʵǲʹȢ
˵㣬ǲǺ͸λ»ȥճһŲżڿԪѽʵҲأʱǿͼȥʱ㲻Ҳͻȥˣ̷ķϣ̧ܸλء
Ԫϰ˰ǣһԲֻͷרɨء
񫣬Ҳˡ
ʹ뿪չλಡ齶Ļʵۣһϼݱˡ
һƬɣϰǶȥˣΪ㣬Ǿ˹һﵹƽʱи˲١
ԪΪһɨصŮȻǲøŽȥźġ治Ⱦ˷纮Ҳٿˣڼҿӡ
Ǹ֮õĺûᡣ
½ѰԪʱԪʰͣ
ɰܾڽˡ½
Ԫͷ
ǲҪţȴһףף
ˣ½üôˣ
ʱ˯˵ġ
㣬סԽԽҰ˯ˣӵ˯ˡƵǰߵƵɨԪʲôźָ֪ˣǣôһ
ҡ½ͼ͡
Ȼһ룬͵˵ϡ½Ŀɿڴһֵ˰沱ӺԪ⡭
ԪͻȻʱ򣬺Ҳ㡣
ҪͼŮ˽Ϊ͵ġԪѵֿɵڵϵİ棬룬Լĺɰһҩ
ʲô½̲סʡ
Ԫ̧ͷ½裬˽ӴˣǰҲˣҼǵǰɱ˿ɴӲһ䡣
½Ȼʧְˡ
Ԫҡҡͷ֮顣ģǶҩֻ󲻼ǵýʲôѣΪԼεԺġ˵վ治ǸˣֻϧһңϲǸס½裬㲻Ҫˡ
½费ף²
߰ɣԪкܶȥء
½迴۵ŵİ棬ۣת͸Ԫˡ
ǵĿĵǺĵԪϻص̽·ټ½Լҹ̸ǿһ·
Ԫһμ½ɱˡѪĽʱ룬½費׵ʱõİ
Ԫ̤˵ΨһŵƻĶһû鰸ǰŵǸˣһִϵİ̺̫ۣʵڵǸó
ˡԪڵ
Ԫ³̧ͷ΢΢һЦֻϵİ̺ЦԵø
Ԫ³н鰸ϵһݸ
ǰӹš
Ԫ³дúܳԪһһڶ
ţպãִӺɰ鰸ϡ
ոտŵʱ룬ǲǸǶԵԪôȥˡ
֪ˣһҵĵҲˣϾսϣȴûеõǸеˣŵĿຮ֮أ񶼲ôġаᣬôСҵĻ᲻Ҳò𻯣ֻʣһg
ҿţ־ãɱ㡣ֻ״ƿǰƣǸ㣬ôڣҲԼѡγ
֪ۣ鷿ﵶУ㲻ǡΪ㱸ƿҩ˵ҲЦ֪ƿҩǸԼ׼ģڣҰ͸ˡʹġ
Ϊģһˡ
˵ЩתҪߡ
ϹԪ³в˵ֻ档
תͷ񲻸ʱģܺãӺŮҲܺãӢ˵֣ЩͣӢõģǧٱ֡
Ԫ³վ鰸ǰԭߵһⷬ󣬶˶ƽ̽½ڣ
ԪϵãԪҵƣҲС
˫ǿССƣʾԪȥá
߽ӹǿƣȴϳʵǵĶһƲǳԪңȴַšԪ֣֣³С
ǿƣǸһ𣬱˻ˡ
顭
̧ͷԪ³У۲ת䣬￴һ˿ڴ
ƣһȥ㸸׷ǰġ
Ԫ³ڰˡȻȥ֫չǾδܵİġ
ԪۿϣǲҪˣҲҪˣⱲѾˡ
Ԫ³̱ֻ״ƿοĸӣͷһ
ûпһۡҲûС
ſڵʱ״ƿأͬշ塣
ĽŲͣһ£ͷȥڳģһǡ


113 
ϰ, һҹ֮ɱ˺üˣȫɱĿģֲ˭˭
Ϣǽ඼Ϊֵ, ඼İղ, Ͱͷ, һʮʮ, ݱϰ̫, ֪ĳѰˡҲ˵ϰ˱, ǰѰġ
˳ɻб۵ġ
ֱź˿Ĺǣ˼ͭϣȥ
֪ˣȥЪϢЪϢɡ׿Ļ, R׿½
׿½£RŵԪ, ЦǹȻûзųࡣ
Ԫǵ롣
RЦָֻˡ
, ҲΪԼġֽ۾޵øƵİɡ
ܺ, ̫á˵, ܺƽദܹĿӡǡ
RۣЦΪӵܣд˾ġ
ԪĬ, , ȺɽӣīɫһƬ
ûѡ̾Ϣ
Ǵı߾ǰһյ·, ͵ˡʹֳͼðĴ£ݳǡ
R׿һֱû뿪඼ڵԪһش
ӳ˽һʱǿɰRЦţȥͷ
ԪһۣԼͷû˭˽㻳ˣԼҪĺ𣿡
𣿡ͷ˼£˵ѽǲˣ˲ˣǺþǰˣұһ£Цſ
Ԫһֻ첲֮䣺ʱˣЪϢˣ컹Ҫ·ء
һɫRֻ÷һ˯һŴָ
ǶϷһ۾ͿǷޣȻ˼۹Ⱑȥ˴ͬʱੲݵ
Ԫ޲ܸĵǽȥŵľǸˣⷽ롣
Ŷⷽķ氡ƤЦŴ˹
С˰Ԫв
Rһ¶ˡ飬һƿ˱ӣЦӣ밲Ъ
ֵԪİһö
Щʱո·Ҫܿٵ·ߡ¾˯ˣݳǽˣԪȴƫƫ˯ˡ
֪RһԼѣڵǶϾɵĻҰúῪڵ˵ӣڣЩˡ
Ļ䣬R־̽˹ץס֣ҹɫԵЩͳ£ڡ˵
ԪָǻӦ
Rҹɫ˵˷ؾ뿪ˣ𣿡
ԪδӦ
R֧㲻Ը⣿
ؿˣҶ֪ǸԪѾˡ
Rһ㶣Դټʱͽһˡ
˻ȥǣ֣ԼĿϡ
ǵúúˡ˵
һ·ƽݳǣRڲٰͨˣЩźָ˾ݣͲԪظ׿½ˡҪ㣬Ԫ½ĻҲҴСһ׿׿ʵûѡ˭̯˸أ
ԪֻˣǾRŮ֣ΪŮʵڲϾ˵ɳRȴõú
ǲšǾ͸ˡԪϡΪź
ԪҲɴʱݻЩϵˣһץһѵģƾǵνġ̥ǡƭùˣ
ݣɳRһȴ˳Ӫû취˭ֵء
Ԫ£Rûֳҹǲɢ֮ӪֻʣˣRǣֳ磬Ԫ
ԪҲǼˣŮӣʵͷһءǸƴЦȥȡЦ˳Rڼվһϣ
RǺһЦֳ˵ʲôõĻϽת˻⣺ҲŸ㿴Ƿţмֿţ
ǷԪ³еľţʱüͷ˼˵Ķ滰ôһۣ˵ͨˡ
Ԫ˻鰸ϵǷţ˵˵Ķġ֮Ҳƣ̫СЩɡ
ǺͳRһۣԪ˵ģ£һֱ׷飬ֻǰģֵţ͸ðˣ׵ģỹԪһ
ʵģԪѾǺҪˡʱǨ˭ǵʷеһССء
ұֻϣŵˣƽ˵
Щɻ󣺡ô㲻ΪԽƽ𣿡
ԪЦƽҵֳȷǹ˵йΪʹҲһ㲽һٽ٣һʲôأ
ɼˣҲԩͷծͷҪǼֵûԪҵҫͱҪ
ǸƢֱӣԪ֪ˣҲԸ磬ֻЦл¡
һ֣䶨лҲ١
Ԫ˳ֳҲųˣRסҪһЩˡ
ԪֳӪؼ䣬ҹ𣬴ǵ졣
ôˣ׿ڶ˵һ䣬ӭֳЦ
Ԫתͷ겻Ǹ緢ɣѳ˲١
лԪ΢΢һЦ
ֳͣ½ŲǸµҹҲ֪ԼڿЩʲôԼ˵⼸꣬Ҳúࡣ
ԪȻ֪˵R
ǻΪԪϴˢԩͷڣҲȥġֳתͷ֪һҹ˰ͷ
֪֪ټʱͷģҲδҪһͷ
׷꣬Ųʮ갡
RѰԪʱֳѾȥˡ
վڳǽϣԶһ޼ʵĻԭ͸Ѫˮ
ĶԲЩʿ˵
R֪ǸԪ³С
룬˵ҲǱȵġ
ԪȴЦʲôȣѡǱ͵ǰģȴԼõģȫԲôȫѡһ·ҧ˴
û˲R˵ҪôΪʲô
ԪתͷҲԭ
RͷȻɡ
ֿ˻Ұʵеڣ罫ԶôסҲúЦԭһλܽǡ־ܿ
˸첲ҸԼ
R˹ȥԱססˣˣͲҪˡ飬ͽҺĸ硣ӻΪԼһˡ
룬ϳRԼǰ֣Ϊͷɡ


114 
ͷRһ㶺Ц, ö˶˵ģôͻȻҪͷˣ
ԪͷҹɫЦ鶯ôҲŮ, ͷ, ʲôϡģ
RЦ§ͷ, ҸԸůѾͷ
Ԫ˳ƾֱһ£
汱, ȴůͬա
ؿմĹ, Rͭǰ, ӾԪЦǰĸɲô̿𡣡
ԪΪȡڣ⻰˸ۣ˵˷˾ء
ô˷أRЦ, ǿԣõĶ㡣
Ƥ˵˵ֲûǮĵ
㰡, ʳָ˵, ôġ
Ԫִһľᣬϸϸ˳ͷΪ, ǰѹĺڷϸѰ, Ȼڿ޵ĵطż׷ͬй, ǶƵĺڷ, Ϊۡ
ôˣĶͣͣRɵʵ
عæû, ûʲôΪͷǲ𣬡֪㶼аͷ𣿡
˵RָԼޱߣЦ缸ˣϻػĸȤ˵ҿɱδë˥ˡ
Цţȴɵᡣ
ִļ磬ž˫ɸɾ۾˵Բˡ
Rϥϵ˲ս
ɵϣתȥס̧֣ۿ飬֪㻹ţҾѾˡ
ԪȥҪˡ
ȻͷһתȾöԲңôͽΣ
ƤЦģԪְһأ֪һӣ
ڶԪ½һ٣ȥ̽Ҷ١ɩȻҲȥΪȫǰˣֻ˳RĴ󷽣౸Щ
Ҷ١ɩԪپЩź˷ȥټˡ
ۼ̾RȥҶңɽиȥȥȥ
ʲôȥʵȴ˵ġȥʮֵĻɡ
Rƫƫ˹ӣȥ㲻֪ˣ
մȥ
һ̧ͷϵ֣Rһ֪λĻӣɲҪᱡȥء
Ǿ͸ˣŽ£ɢɢġR޲ֻţλݣҵĴС㡣
֪ٶȿң˵ǻңԵַǳءЦ
ʲô˼RЦñ쬡
Ƴһۣʱ֪ˡ
R١һֻϧǴ֮ͥ£ûֶţָֻ㻹ˡ
Ԫмһۣ֮֮
ãRͷҪð̣һȥôʰ㡣
һǰһһŭһЦӯӯӭ˽ſڵֵ˲п˵λֻǸޣҲʲô飬ǻӣ˰ⲻ˵ġ
׿Щһǲؾͳ鴤£ãֵˡ
Ǿ£ԻͷԳӭӡ
Ԫμĵŵһ㣬Ǹ˵ģȴһˣ߰˷ֶֻûüǷݾǿӢ
ȵϯ䣬ݺݺ࣬żŮŮRһһˣļӣǸļŮ
ڽλСʱϹҲƵóǸڵ£ĶЩʲô⡣
ԪˣλСüۣ֫ӯӯһգⱱȴüʤѩֱϷĻҪϸۡһ˹ԪһŮˣ̲ס̾ǸοЩˣ
ţĪЩ
ϯϣȻλС˳RԱߣҪдþ¡
ڲ࣬ڱǰϸ輧裬˿ƣʲôأ
ԪţȴٵĻϡ
£ˣԷӺˬ
Ԫ뼸ǰûʲô竣Ҳ竡ע⵽ӽʱ˵ɫһ˲ĲÿΪƵλ۾һЦӯӯȻˡ
СӣָͷƵĻӣΰǺЦǾ£ҲôûûСġ
˵Զ˾ƱRС£´˲С˹һʶ
RҪƱҲ䣬ԼԪһЦ
һЦǡһʱԴһˣһȷǳΡ
RǲΣתͷԪЦʣЦʲô
ԪʮϣūЦҲǳˣɻȴǡСԾúЦЦ˳
һʱЩÿˣһԵλǲã񿪿ڵСѾͷƬӣҲܹŵģ
ڻãһ˵꣬Rɫͳ
žһǳRƱϣƤЦⲻЦ󸮹Ȼ֪񰡡
ͷһϽվ˵еϣֵ뾸Ϣŭֻһʱֱڿ죬ǿλ
ȴˣǸѾͷ˵ҵģΪҡ
סɡöͷϵĺðˣһһģû¶¶
ͷֱðRȴЦ˵򹷻Ҫأ⻰һ˵ڣͲ˱ĳ㹻ɱߣװֻ֪˵ţϵ͹ӣûңһȴĹӿڿҪ˵𱰵ߵĪǣޣ
ֻ亹ˣңҡԴøˡ
һλɫȴѿˣӸһޣ޲Rһܡ
RһλĪҪˣڹЩ꣬ʥϳ谮ʢĶ˭ػ֪ġǲˣ룬ǻкӹ𣿡
ͷǣǣ˵ǡ
R˿վƱֵȻǸˣˣյ飬Ҳܵøһɣ
ǵڱҪȥͷ檰нп࣬ӿɻҪôŶ
ŵģȴǾ£Ҳӡ
ţͼǸŮڳR˵˼䣬Ȼͼ˵ͷԼЦҲǵȲ֪ôˣ˵ļ檺ͶӶײ˱׻˵úãծӻӿеġôӴһܷҲ֮аɡ
ޣӵ֮УŭҪǻţֻҪRˡ
Rǲ⣬Եá
˶òУ־һк˻ϡúõһϯҪֺλ£˵ϯܶүŮˣ˭֪·ȴôһúõļƻ䡣
ԽԽкˣ˰˶ȥݺݴ϶ʮ壡
С˽Ҫ˻ӳȥ
ˣæ˹һ汧˻ӣһߵүʹðʮȥ˾û˴
Ҳǲסš
ͷһξãԭ룬ĶˣѪһЦȾöʮˣǵ͵ҲͱҪˣǱӣһʮӡ˵ָ˻ӣ㣬˰ӣȥøҹϸҹ
һ˵ԼҲҪӣپǰһڡ
ۼҳһţԭλ»᲻ʹ˰ˣתͷȴֻ˴ߴԼòŮƣǿǸ¥ʹûʲô֪ζҪȥˣ̾˿ֽ˸ȥˡʲô˷۱ˡ
Һ䣬Ψλˣʼգ޶ԡ


115 
ȥʱ, һŮԪ˵Ƿ˵仰
Ԫ˳RһۣRδ˵, ڵ⡣
ȥȥ˵
RЦ, ȥ, ҵ㡣
ԶЩ, Ů̲ס, ԪԵ¶Թá
Ľ, ԪŷӦˣǵ֮ˣſڱտѽҵģҲѹֻˡ
ڻ˾ǰ, ԪñƭŮӣǰ񣺡ˡ
, ȴӲ, һԪҲȦ, ڱǴӾģ
Ҫô˵, ҲǵġԪţͷǡ
촽䶯ţʱסڹ֪
Ԫ, , Ƿм㡣֪ÿ¶мĻصģΪ˸ĸģﲻ֪ŮǱϲ, ԻҪһʣŮڹУǷĹúá
¸ĸģԪ˵һģϧ֪أǲãǧǽ˾أǿյİˡ
˵ū֪ʻݰɡū澵ȷڹϼݣݺܵʥϻģں֮֮Ҳڶ࣬һ尲ȥƽ֮У̫ҽȥٵġ
˹ȻͰģǾͺãǾͺáסͷ˿
һѾߵ˸˽ӹԪЩ˼ܼи֮룬һЩѺЬӣҴ
Ԫ֣Ӧ˶ȥģβһͽ
΢죺˵¹ЦүЩֵǮ֪ҪЦǼң㲻͡
ԭԪͷˣū澱Ӧ˷˾ǡֽӹֻƤ
һ˵ţĿڴ֣ؽԪУҴػΪһƽһΪǰǸƻŮЩʵ˵ڡ
ԪۼƼͷ֣Цˣϣϲء
ҲЦˣһڹУܵиӰ뱲ӲܰȣȻ
û˵ԪȴЩûõɣʥϼݱһǶţӴƹŷһ˿ǺҰ
ĸףȻϣԼŮһҪȥѡ㣬˶ǷԵİɡ
˼ˣԪպö˱֤ģūһ
˺һ˴񣺡ˣлˡ
RϰأڼɵþЦˣôŶִȤ˼ҵģ߻ҪţҲƤˡ
ԪһۣɲǸҵģǻҴġ
ŶRգգۣǷ㡣
⻰ʲô˼Ԫʵ
RϽ֣һֽ˼ߡ
Ԫ¥ǰһʱЩпǿ¸ĸģﻹڣ֪᲻ǣҡ
R֪Ǹ࣬ƶĸȻġ
Ԫ˲ͱЦˣ˭ĸأٻС
RٺЦţսضݹˣҲˣҳƺһĸˡӦ𣿡
ԪƲͷȥԼϵ⣺ޣҪ
RȴţƤƵĲҪʲôҪ鶼ˣʲôµģ˵ǰɣⶺŪ
ڿռСͷˣԪôֶ㲻򻹴򲻹Ψбֶš˻ȥҪÿ
ӪǰRȥԪڳڣͷЦ³ţƥͷôյ˳
ԪԳ̽ͷ˵˵ߡ
˱ЦԭˣΪ˼ˡ
RҪȥԪ£Сӡ˵Լ
Rڨڨ֣תȥǨŭˣģ㿴㣬ûϹתʲô
ĽǵСƵһпԪҲʶһ֪ѶһءRֶһŮڣڸ﹩Ԫλֵʲô飬˵˵ˡ
񣬳RԪ˵Ǹɵӣָ˵ߣǻȥ
·ߣԪ̲ס࿴һۣĿźͻȻھǵǴСԺӣס˽ţ֪ܽɻǵǵǴԺ䣿
ͻȻĲһ㶣ǰŮӣϸϸĥһأȴôҲ벻мŮӡ
֪ǡɻʵ
ԪһЦ۳RҲһĪҲǲףʶĵġ
Цܽæǵ·˵
ֱ˳RҲûﵽ˭
ͬģгRǲź˺Ԫ̧־ȥ˺ϵġɵһݣУѿڶ
ȻѾˣԪѾ
þòˣܹӡԪŴģЦ飬Ѱ˹
⣬⡭ָ˿Rֿⲻΰɣš
ҸѣԪЦʡ
ĸϽ֣˲ˣԼԼһ¾ˡ˵ŻԼ첲һѣãȻΡ
Rһһģüͷǣ廰ǵôʶģ
ԪĶһۣ˴˶Цˡ
ЦˣɳRȴǻˡ
ɫԽԽѿôȥԼòĹѫҪôûˣϽ͵δξǰھǶ飬ԵɺԪСʶ˵ǳľˣнգҲԪС㵱һ˵ţָԪȭ
RбۿԪߵ㻹Ǵȴ󱯵Ĺء
˵ʲôأԪһۡ
ȴǶģ㲻Ϊģ£ֻǵسԴװˡƲ˵ƣֻ֪СһϧС˲ţȴЩʵ˲ټŴС㣬䲻֪м䶼ЩʲôСԣҺܿġ
߰ɡRһĵ
㣿Ԫ첲⵷ЦҼ㣬ҲܸˡȴǳϢϻؼ㣬ֻǸССıǽˡ
ǫЦЦЦţ;ԾˣϻأıСǡ
Ԫʵ֪ɻǵãϲͷ֮ŮӵҪǿдһ£ʱͦνӢ۾
һ˼֣ǣǸŮӣɣ鼱֮£ǣ̧־ָԪ
Rǲˣٺٺ٣ָĶ㣿
ڨЦţ֣пԭˣԭ˰һûϵǾǴС㡣
ԪȤôǲŮǰĽû
ЦҡҡͷҲǻӻͷȥѰǵ鷳̲ȥѰȥˡҲӦ˰ɡ
ҲáԪ˵һ£ֵ㲻֪ڻңʹӽлǻӴһٰӡ˸첲Ǿӱʮ겻˭ҵϷš
Ĺ֣ʧʧǴС㡣
RϡͿģҿǵɣĵûúܡϷһʣŭʲôϷ㣿վߣӣȥȴϣ
ԪЦסʲôѽǶٰӣҲ㹻ˡ
RȴǿɲɣӹӣӦõģҵϷ㣬ҿʲ˵ŻҪȥ
Ķ˼ϽЦϢŭС£ͷԶ֣ͽɣ׼֪͸ò֪
Rʲô⣿
һЦɾƺðɡ


116 
һʱպ, Ĵһҹδ飬ȥңݳ, һ
ʱſһᲱ, ˮ, ׵ͷһһʼ˶û, ȥ˻ӵ, ƾؿڵһź, ǿ˳
ȥסɾûһ֪˭Ļӣֻ׷״˵Żӣǻһ·һ, 볡֮, û֪ˡ
ȥѰ˵Ӱݳ˵󲻴, ˵СҲСۼڴϵر, к, ܱߵ壬ǽõˣÿսˣҪ, ֱǴ롣
ǲȥ׽ļ, ǴԺȥ¥գ˵ˣǸ, ûšΧ۵˵Ժǻķϵģûסֺʲôأ֣˼ֻţ²Щ˵ģʲôֻΣİɡ
߶߶ģԽ˵Խˡ
˻ر֪˰ȴûʲô취ֻܽ¡ȥլǼ檣ﶼƽ⣬һԼ޿ģûãԼˣϲİǱԺöˡ
ĵŵԪʱѿ쵽ˡ
⻹֪͸һءԪ߿Ц
RһƲ죺⣿
ԴҲ֪ԪĹº󣬳RԽˡÿÿԪһ䣬Ҫϸ䡣
ԪٱҲˡһʼЩ˼ˣҲ÷
ⶼˣ㻹ء۵˵ҲˣΪһҲŵˣοԼԼ
ûЦ⣬RǻˣϽȻˣôС۵ˣѸپת̬ȣǼ£ȷúá޸ؿ޵
ԪȴЦˣֽȥСˣ˼˵
Rûץ󣬺ٺЦҵС۶ֻϣҪء
ԪͷЦŶô˵һллˣ
RһЦע⣬Ѹٵͷһ£лˡֵ
Ԫһţͽӣ
ǰУձ㵽
ٻǣԪ˼ָпߵʱѹûԼٻ
ͻĸȥϼɽRָ˴һƬããҰ˵
̫Ԫ˼Ҳûˡ
ڻĻĸˣԪס֣οһˣҲ뿪ˡҼᶨ˵
RҲս֣˵˵ġ
ԪšһЦüۣͷ¡
ǻؾһ죬ڳӭӵԣ¡Ԫй֮Եټţֻ洺磬Цȴ͸
ֵ˾ɣٽǣǰԣΪܻܵǰֱӽס˼Rڸ󣬾͵תͷԸؾ
Ԫ˵ǸİϤĵط˵ǵһܣء
Rһ֮дʱ򶼾ڹУԾ˲࣬Ҳԣһ뷨Ϊǵĵ»ȥĳᾶֱ˾أڸҲմɨʱס˵ġ
һյĹҲ֪ˣݴһŮ
Ů˵ǳ͵ģҲ˵ǻ͵ģߣ˵Ů²Ǻɣ˾µۡϾ˭֪йŵǿλǵµͷ
ڣҹ˾ԪվԼλǰɨλϿŵ֣նǸޡϡ
¿鷳ˣ˵ҪȢңҿʲôأ㶼ѾˡָԼλ
ѲRңǿѾݹ˵ģɶأҵޡ
Ԫһ°ͣΪѣҲԪ˰ǡ
⡭Rһʱ
ԪƳЦɵúú룬νСأ
Rû̫ã⣬ǽԼλģҪ
һֱһԪȥҡ
Ԫȴͷһؽңݵߣ¾ǵΪǴµİɡҲѹֳRЩ겻Ըڴˣÿһﶼܽ˴飬˼ˡ
ԼһأRСڵϡ
֡
ʲô˹ȥֻʵҲСˣͷ˰RԿ׿
ʲôҪţЦʡ
R֣˵ǷǳصĶ
Ԫӡ
һͷһֻľϻӣϻӱһ壬ñ֦RģΪԤףͨһùӣϵһǣһССġ֡ǵⷽǱ踣µСӸˣ֪ʱȴϡ
ǡסԶװŵģڹĶ
ϻͷģǡϻӵǣȻǵ׻ƽ챦ͷ档
Ҽǵãⲻ̫ǽӲӵͷ棬аٸн
ĸʱǮҵġR˵ĸһ꣬Ҳ͸ϻ磬ȥˡ
ͦõġԪ˵ţ˵ͷһˣڹƽϣܵöּҫˡ
R˵ţԻУЩһڷŵ롣
ԪǵãRĺɰֻɰǿñ֦ǺɰıԵЩĥˣóʱŵġ
Щ㶼šૡ
R࣬Ȼһ
ߵʱһûϡҲ˵
ԪͷȻһЦɵɵҵʱ£ǴˣҲʬǴߣѰã㶨Ȼͻµβ֪ӣ֪ˣֻĺҲҪѰҲ㡣ʱĲ֪ԼǷܻŴ
RβЩ̾һ־ͽ˻°Ħ˿ϣİ
ûϵˣ˾ͺãҪ˵ţͻȻͽᱧ𣬡˵ŴǵĻ鴲أҲûһɡ
Ԫһȣȴ컹Ҫء
R׿ɵЦѾˣһһʲôϵǵŰɡ
˵竵ëǸĲˡ


117 
ϡ, ھףRԪһ˿۶ʶ, ɵЦʣ˯ţ
šԾЩ, ַ, ӿ˳R, Ҳҽȥɡ˵
ô磿Rü, ԭȥһġ
Ԫʹԭ, ǹһһˡ̧ۣ˼ֿ󣬡ȥһۡ
Rڰ̾һ飬ľܾ
Ҳǲ, ֹֻ
ʲôԪʡ
Rָӣһ, ұ뻺һٸġ´, ڲòǰ˵ˡ
Ԫ, ˵Ҫ׼, ѾǼǰˡ
ڶգR࣬æ, Ż˼˼Ĵ̫һڵ, ˿̼Լӣ޲£æ
Ԫһ, ֻпʱţҲһܹ̫ˡ
ٶԼӴŮҲһ顣˾һ㣬˭ӺãҲͶ˭áۼԼӶŮģһ·ϵúܺãûйҲпͣ˹ٶǾء
Ԫŵù٣⹬ﲻطСΪǲҪ׾ͱ¶ݰɡ
ҹʥǰΪRӷϴԪװһ½׿ϢǱ
ſֵصС̫඼ûСԪ̤ڣټ޵ֻڴǰһյƣƹ⽫ǰŵ˵Ӱϳ
Ԫ
ǰŵ˻һɫװԪһվ𣬲ҪſڽУͱԪһǰס˿ڱǡ
ңûһˡǰŮӣƽӶûôˣٴȷϵڷſ㣬ɲҪٽˡ
˵ͷ
Ԫ֡
¶һأֱţ㣬ԪС㣿ʡ
ԪЦЦ̧ȥ󱦶о𣿡
ץס֣Ȼ£ԪС㣬ǻˡ㣬ֱ̧ȥᣬ쿴ǼСɡԽԽ࣬ɴ౳ȥ
Ԫ̾˿ıļ硣
ǰû£һŴһȥƽġͷŵˣɫ԰ףҲûɫ΢΢˿ڻںԪ治ţʶǸν
˴ϣסνݹ᾵һֻ֣ͷģ̲סҪᡣ
ôݳأ⣬תͷһԵı
Ҳ˰ᣬŵԴ֪ԪСѶСһ겻ȻƹһΣ˵ҪΪԪϴˢԩΪССźЩȴҲǿšȥ궬ִһԭ̫ҽƣ˵»񴺣뿴˵죬һֱڰš
ЩСӲãʥϽҲͽԺˣ⹬ǰݸ߲ȵ͵ˣټʣū澣иС̫ˡƽҲ˾£лտţûǵʳ֮
⼸СԽòˣū£¾¸ϲºˣ»ˣСҲˡӷ뱣СҲɡ˵ţ˫ֺʮҰݡ
ԪģȴоԼν֣ͻȻһ¡һϽȥν񣬹Ȼͼ۾΢΢£˿
Ԫ
νɣΪԼ޵𣿡ʵ
Ԫץ֣ŬЦţû㻹š
ν۾תһ£ûǣԪϣôأ
ΪҲšǣνֵԼϣҡ
ν۾Բˣ㣡Ҫȴֻͽ͡
㡣˵žͲƴ
ҡԪһӦţһ
ˮԪˣιν
νڣ㲻ٺˡ
Ԫѵݸ˱Լν֣򷽲ſԶ߳ĺʰͷߵӣҪá
νעԼ
Ҿ֪ûǳ׵Ĵ΢ЦȻô꣬ôʹûμأμöء
ԪӣҲãƭ㣬죬˵ˣ˵ȥҪˡ
νȴ΢΢Цţҡҡͷ㣬ҵҿѶˡ̧ȥԪۣ⼸꣬ɣ
ԪҲ̲סˣץν֣ſ޳
ν񷴵οˣ˺ˣԪıͺˡ˵žֿ
Ԫǿֹס˿ᣬν˳ؿڣôȵôأ
νڰ֣ëˡ
һ꣬νÿӡԪƼ׵Ĵһ˿Ѫɷ˵ǿӣͷҲһŰɫ
㣡Ȼ
νȴЦţǷۺãһԣûµģҶѾϰˡ˵
ԪȴȻţôͳأӦ
νȴÿûʲôӦӦģֻǽҹ㣬ҾѾ޺ˡ
ԪȴˣҲ˵Ļˡšü
⸱СƵĶģνɵЦģ֪㻹ţھҵǰҾѾˡץԪ֣ټ㣬ĺܸˡ
ԪҲս֣Ҳǣ̫ˡ
ĿԣӯӯۣһЦ
ҽ⼸꣬㶼ȥĶˣνʡ
Ԫ˵Լ¼εݣͼ޵Ķ飬νʳǣһֱRˡ
˰أĹ½˵ꡣ
ãνҡҡյ֣ܻá
ԪҲЦţȴüͷһ壬סؿһԡ
ƽԪȰʱҲˣ˯ɣͷٹ
νȴҡҡͷԱ˵ȥ¯ϵˮٵһҳһźۣеˡ
ǳһ˵ԼϲشӦˣǣū澾ȥ
ȥνת棬ϴҪȥǼӴϵһӡ
Ԫɡ
˹ȥȡŵν
νǽУԪʱһյСɵĽƣɫЩͷˡƵıϣһֻ״ƿȴĶЩСɰҡȡīֽ⣬ĻӡЩǵһġ
֪⾩㲻ǲǣν˽УԪ
ԪĬջǵͷ
νЦˣǾͺáӵݵԪҲߡ
⡭Ԫ˽Уͷǹеü䣬ֳġ
ν΢΢Ц˺ӣ˵һüȤҽеһãȫˡҲһڻǻصȥĵطԪ۾֣صҪңǶȥ
Ԫ˵ʲôأʲô겻ģҺúû֪Żأûһ𿴽ĵһѩĵһ仨ĵһ꣬ĵһƬҶҸ
ν˵Цˣðҡ
ԪҲЦЦ
ν̧֣Ĩȥϵ᣺ǶԲһΣҪʳˡ
ֳءԪ͵
νһ£̶ЦˣЦú᣺Ҳܺãһӣһ˫ɰĶŮ֪ҵģҵȻϣãԣҸϣһӡֻϧѽһֻʣһյƣһֻ״ƿˡ
˵̾Ҳãһ˼ֻһˣҲͦá
ȥԪ嶯
νȫȥ۾˵ȥ
۾Ԫ֪ǸжŮֳ磬ȻǵӫǳƣͰ״ƿˡ
һжѾˡΨһģǳһĶŮɡ
Ԫˣ˴ϣã˵ҲȥҾ㣬㡣
ν񳤳˿һҪãáԽԽͣǣˣͲҪˡ


118 
Rʱ, ½׿⣬ˣ׾Ĭ
, Ѿ޵ﴫŮӵĿ, ҲͲµˡ
޵, RƼǽбĹŮ˵, ޵ġһź۱ڵ, Ҳ⡣
Ԫ˴, ŸСȴûпޣֻѰȱ۵ν񣬲֪Щʲô
R˹ȥ̽̽νıϢ, һ̾ϢԪ߰, ýˡ
Ԫûв, Rվ, , ߡ
ʱR˵£֪˵ġ
˿ޣ˵ͷ
ֱ, ص˼, һź۵ϵԪﳹˡ

RڻԼ
̧ͷϳRе, һЦõûˡֻУظţõѣҲ뿪ˡ
ԳR˵Ѳٽұˡ֪ˣǲܣǿ˭һѹģİᡣڣ
Сһ𳤴һδһ˴һȥʩϷһƤİӢȥϣ䵱ĺĽɫר꼻
ʱǶһΪǻһֱȥ
վǲ̵İ
ڿ޳ҪһеĶߡ
R֪˵ʲôܰοֻܱסס
νĺ°û⡣ŮʥưᡣȻR˵Ҳйءֻ٣Ѿ˵ˣҲ޴Ӹ֪ˡ
νĹ餱ԪѰ˸ᣬԼĶ˻ϡ
㿴˼ţ̾һҲԵ
˵ֿǰ˼ĹŮ䲻ϵ˵л㣬Ҳл£ĸŮ˿
Ԫϥֽϡ
ǺǺЦﻹǡǵİ˵棬ЩÿڣҲʹ˴ס˸ԪЩǮ
ԪҲʶȤˡ
ſڣԼŮĻ
ϷҲΪ롣
ǱŰɡ
Ԫ߳⣬õ죬һȺַɹңԶůϷ
ӻ㹬ԪһСŮè棬æվһ˼ȥ
СŮܰ˵ߴߴһС죬è˵ϲԪãRⲦСŮԼߣ˰ɡ
СŮ˵ԼһƹսǴܳһСֶնСֶն²ȣڵأ漴۵һ˳
ԪСŮ˭ҵСͼܳһŮõͬˣһǹߵĸ˶Ԫһȴһ¡
ϵ
ۣСֶն˫֣˿޵
ǹŮһСֶնһֹʵۣôˤأ
СֶնһתָԪ߽еǣźˤģ
ԪšüԭȶСֶնһϧ˲͵Ȼ޴ˡ
СŮȴһ˵һ͹ʯϣˡū澲ǹġ˵۽ƳԪվţϽקק½ǣʾҲϽ¡
ԪʵҲѲµ߰˷֣ҪСֶնܵġ
ôֱֱվעСֶն
Сֶնټ˻᲻ģһʱҲ˿ޣֻźƵСָԪŭū澣˱¾򣿡
СŮӦǼСֶպйڵ龰ŵøϽſڵϵأص£ūǣū˼ġ
˼ȴǴŮˣԳתͷȥȰСֶն£ʱˣһعȥɣﻹԹţء
һԵģСֶն촽ɻԪʼûµˡ
ȥҲУø¿ĸͷ̧°͵
ԪипôСƨֵ쾡¡
СŮϽȰԪ㣬ͿһɣȻԪ֪ˣеءʱǵ£Ҳס
ԪЦСֶնͷˣʮǰ׻ˡ
ЦСֶնˣǴŮŵҲܣҽҪҿͷ
ǴŮ̾˿ʹС̫ࣺȥ
С̫ҪסԪ
ӴΧôˣǿʲôöأһЦǰ
ԪȥʱɵָпջƵƵüء
ǴŮˣϥ
һһ´磬ŮҲֻͷ˪ùãôÿմ˵棿ûʲôģοҲˣ˵ѽһֹҹû˸ߵġ
⻰һںƭСģȴһƭһ׼СֶնһֹҲ͹˲Ҫ˿ͷˣϽץ˾˪亰ùùùãǿȥɡ
˪Ԫһۣˡ
͵¡
ۿСֶնһԶˣСŮ˿Ͻָ񣺡лǡ
£˳ֶѡ
СŮȴ£ˣ⹬˭֪Ԫʮʥϵĸα㻹Ҹܡ
ԪһЦǷʲôûǻӣҲܵߵڰףū澰ɡ
ǸԽСŮ
⹬ŮһأʵλǸžȥ˰ɣ
ԪǷǡ
ֹ
Ԫ֪ʲô֧СŮʲôʵģֱ˵ɡ
Ҳ㾶ֱʵ֪ʳǣмһĹŮ
ȻࡣԪﰵ̾ⶼˣѳӣΡ
عĻūȷмɿߵˣȴһġ˵ۼɫѿ룬˵ֻߵĹù˵һ꿤࣬·˼ˣеλҲ֮һ
ˣһϲ
ԪЦȻһϣҲ
Ҳ°˾Ųʮι˶裬⼸꣬źûһûλˡ
ˣǱˡ˵ţҲ֪ȥˣɻȫ
Ըţ̧ͷλﻹڣһʱ־Щ˼
ԪȴǶģ΢΢һЦģδʲôҲʲôû˵
ǸˮĸΡţ㳯һҾ
СŮʵ㣬û뵽˴Ҳʶ
˴ԪסţͷһۣУѲӰ
ε˴أ˴ܹ̫λáЩ꣬ҲͦɡԪԼĪ뵽ڴЩʲôѲ̫ںˡ


119 
ص˼, RѾˣŸҪ˵ĹβͲݣŪһֻ֪ķè
ˡԪ, ͽβͲݶˡèûˣŪ, Ϊ, ʾ
Rȴ˲Ƿè, Ҫӭ, ͿԪԼüŪ۵, ˼⹬ˣæ˶һЩˣгʳ͵޵, ̲ˡ
ǡӦ
⸱ü˳۵ģǽгRèƵġ
һʱ˶ȥ, RΪԪҨ, ݵУڵ㳢, ҽгҵ, ⼸նûôʳòһ
Ԫ֪ڵԼ壬ֻ⼸Ϊν£ȷʵûʲôθڡԼ, ֮, ͵ϾкܶҪ
һ, RڷˣΣռˣʼûһˡ
Ԫ˵ͷֳһɽҩ⹬ûʲôˣҸˡ
R΢΢üô𣿡
ǵͷüģҶѾˡ
ǣRţԪǱߣҴͥġ
ŻʱѾʮˡ˵Цͦá
RȻ˵˭ֻԽ˵üͷԽˡ
˭뵽أ⼸Уã˵վǵõԼҪġ
ΣRߵұƲˡ
ʱԪãǵǸRһӵ˭
ƲƲɣЦֻ㲻ΪһŮӣߵһҲǺҪЩǻ۵ġԶҲҲȥ
ϲ㡣ѿڶ
˵Ȼ˳ڣԪȴЩ˼֪Լֺ㻹š뵲ǰ²ס졣
ÿÿʱ򣬱ǳRĵˡ
һʱţһ۹ϳšRԵ𣬱㽫Լһֲ
ˣұ㰲˵
Ԫͷһغ˵ҴͥǼʵǲԸȥˣ˶տЩǰɡ
RЦ⻹õԸ
Ԫһۣͷ۹ϣ̲סЦˡ
һЦгRһߵſڣ˵˼ʲôתԪ˵㿴˭ˣ
ԪʱͼŲˣˣ̹Ȼ£˵С㡣
ǡԪ˱ֿR
R˹Цһ͸ٴк½֮󣬾ȥźãճһ
ԪˡʱԸ⣿
סصͷūԸŴС㣬СȥĶū澾͸ȥĶ
Ǹνõˣνȥˣһ˹¹µ⹬ȷԼԪţˣǴӽҵˡģСԸ˵Ҳ׵ġ
˸ͷлСȫū澴ΩԸһֱźС㣬롣
Ԫ֪һʱģȰţǼѾͷġֻϣպ󱦶νˣɱᣬдõȥһһᡣ
ڶգRҪȥסգö֮ҪԪʰңһȥ⼸չ˭֪³һСĹŮԴҲʲôϡġ
װˣһСپһ軨
Сǰİһ軨軨ִū澾ãܽڹ
Ԫָḧ꼻ŨҶƬʱѹˣ֪ɻῪ
Ǿʹϰɡ˵
صʱпںˡ
ӡˣǵϷҪȫ׵ġ
һʱǲȥֳŵ⣺֪ԪС˷߶ٲźԴ˷˵ġ˵Ž˽
ԪſڣǽŮӣϴᣬȴԥͳ
С㡣ݵ
Ԫһᣬȥ
ľϸǰŮӣȥüˣľģȴûô仯ԲԲۣԲԲ۾ţ˿Żͦġ
ľһĨᣬһЦС㶥һǲϰߡ
ԪЦĴһ֪ˡ
ľֻЦţȴֹסġ
Ԫ֪һʱǿ޲ģֻοļ磬Լȥֳл⼸лΪչˡ
ֳҲָпֻǰˣȥ˾ׯϡмҵˣȥֻľ
ԪǸҲãͽ㰲ȵعһӰɡ˵ֻͷľźЦֻӵģûޣױҲδΪá
ľԪµһݼױˡ
Ԫȥ˳RҲ΢΢ͷ
ֻһ̣ԪãһҲû׻ˡ
ֳԾԼ߶ˣRΣҾ˵Ὺĵİɣ̳ڳҲҳһ˰ɣ
ԪĶ
ֳЦˣ㲻֪̳ͱ⾸Ҹ˺üˣҲû
Ȼ󶼵ôЩˣûR۵
ֳЦǣǿơ
RҲʵãƽϣҲСˣǺðɣҽڳ죬ٹҺúһȣǰһ̳ˡ
ֳȴü첻С˵ſԪһۣаվƣҵùȥһ¡
ԪȻͷһǲķң
Ħɫֳ˵λ㣬Ĵա
ӡԪòпҲͦðɡ
Rֳ磬ͷͺ͸ôˡ
ͼԪЦô㲻ȥ
RмһССĺô׾뵽٣
ԪЦҡͷἰȥұȥ
Ԫû˼Ҳȥ뿴⼸궼ΡˣͻȻ;ã˰ɡ
ҡͷҲȥ˱ľЦҸǴһ
ľЦˡ
ɳRȴˣôѾͷȲˣ˸첲ſһģҲܣҡ
ľ죬ЦòС
Ԫһۣ˼𣿸Դ׵ġ
RһƲͷȥ
ľԾȥʰˡ˵һ͵͵Цһͳȥˣϡ
RɰһԪҲԹԾҪߡ
ȥĶ׻ǳRס׷ʵ
ԪҲѧİģƲͷҡ
RٺЦˣҲ㣬˭㣿ߣ泯ԪȭƣˣҵиõطҪȥš
ʲôõطԪڿۿˡ
ȴأȥ˲֪ˣ


120 
, ˣˡRָǰ
Ԫ˳ָķ򿴹ȥȴһƬ
ǡɻ
RȴЦ, ӭ˵ȥ, ƥǣ
˱ȥˡ
ʱ, ˱һǣһƥˡ
Ԫƥ, ȴǰһѩ棿
R̲סַ̧֡
Ԫȴ, ǰӹ˰ѩ, Сȥ˰ѩڰѩҲͨԣǵϢŴǣԴֱǰա
úӣúӡЦ˰ѩ, ̾Ҳܼǵ, Щˡҡҡͷ, Ըȥ롣
Σ˵ǺõطɡRЦд
ԪֻһЦ, תͷȥѩܡ
˳Rַ˴⣺, ǳȥ
Ԫ⣬ʮڴóRٿڣ, ץ, Ӹ¿˻վڵϵĳRһ̧°ͣŸʲôǾ߰ɡȵ
ûбĸóRֵõˣǾţһԾ˺档
һܳ˾˽ֵϣ, ٶȣյš
ôգ⻹ͷһأԪⶼǽֵϸ룬δ·ǰƺҲûô
ҵĸ㣬ģʲһԵĳR
RһЦôˣ
ͷ⼸꣬ûԹôóԵĵˡ
RƲס⻹ףţҸȥ
ȻǼҵȴųӣѵ˽ֿڡ
Ԫֿ˳Rһ̯֣ûӣǼĵʵ̫óˣ⾩˭Ŷӡ
һүҲܲӣԪ档
RЦһүҲֻŶӡ
Ǿû취ˣԪĶ飬תͷˡ
ף£˹Rʰ
RϣǶޣɵЦӴô䣬Ҳŷء
Ԫ˹ȥһԶʮķ򸾣żҳѣȴɾ˿ŻЩࡣλֽ
е¿Цˣʵ̫ˣ¹ûİ취һˡλЦ
Ȼλȴ̫ˣﾾһĸ첲ȴֲڴ졣
ԪƵ÷ЦС޿˼
Ҳ̧ۿһأȥק䣬˵˾ʲôǴRЦҲżǵĵĵİɣֻǽĶ࣬µǵȲʱˡã¹ٽնһЩһݾ°ɡ˵ţһ
RԪһۣҲͲλˣ̽ӹֳһЦлпգȾƣϺôý̳
买֣¹پ͹ˡ
˵ģ˴ȥԶˣԪܶ϶ʵǾǴ˵ģɱõŮӣ
ǴɫӲ񡣡
R͵͵ЦûǺɱõġ
ԪߵֻС˵øְɣʲôɣǻ꾫
RҲߵô˵ˣҸˡ
Ԫתͷȥͦġһأʵλ䣬Ҫ£ˣ
֮һRѪҺ٣Щλ͵ʱˡԪѹҪΪͷٲ񷽲λһˡ
Ԫ˵ͷûٶ˵ʲô
R˾ֽЦ
Ԫͷ⿪ֽ˿ܽػ͵ĵģҧһڣŴϸĶɳڶӯ˿䡣
ζˡЦ
ЦˣRԼҲԽˡ
ˣԪͻȻסʮֵֽұߣתͷ˳RЦʣ㲻һֱܽ⣬һСԺ𣿳Žãȥƣ
RӲ˭ˣҪ⣬һٸСԺҶ͵𣡡
ΪʲôͣԪƳŶ֪ˣǲҡ˵ŵתͷұֵ߽ȥ
Rһ㶣ϽҲȥ֪ҲǸ˼ģ
ĵСԺӽΪƫƧһĳԵòˣǲߵԺſڡ
ԭԪţǴԺ˾ס²ǻĲϳûҡҡ׹ķݣô붼Ǹưģ
ٵһƣӷǵûҧ෴Ժſڱɨøɸɾ߻˼ջ޵Ļư׻䡣
ȷR˻أ⿴ҲûסĿӰš
˵ˣԪҲ֣ҷģȷĵСԺӡ
Իţȹӵľ֨ѽһ˴ˡŲСͯŴ˳Цܿˡ
Ԫ͸ˣ⵽ôһ£
һԼѮĻͷߣǵҰǰŸͷˣһǿɾһǽСӣǵĴ磬Ѱ˼ң쿪ʵ֪λҪ˭
ԪǰʵҶ˴Ӵ˴·ջãԶ࿴һҵˣ
ЦŰ˰֣ǵǣԺӰ˺üˣҲ֪ȥ
ǡɻ
Ц²ǾʿһǾнΪƶˣһǶûʲôǮѧã಻ţ˼飬ϵü֣Ž̽ЩǡֻļҵطСģз˵һԺţ겻˻ˣһǮɣСѧáԲ˽յ⸱ģ
ԭԪͷЦȴҲǸ⡣
߹˹֣ԭ˻ԺȻҪģҪǮҲˡ
ԪοΪ˺ͯ룬ԭ˾֪ˣҲġ
йＪԡٶȹ֡
RϣǵĻһЦԭˡ
ԪҲЦˣȻķ˺á
Ȼ⴦ԺѾѧãԪҲٶȥˡץ뿪
ȴλߺס
Ԫ˹ȥͼ߱һջСϲ֮һɡûҲ˲ǡ
ԪRһۣЦˣұ㲻ˡ
Rӹ軨лҲ˵
˻ſڣһԻ䣬־ǻһӡ
ڶһ磬ѧÿšƿţеһֻŷ⣬ŷλдš
˹ȥʰǷţֿ˻ܣɫ磬˴Ӵ˴棬㶯ֲš
ŷһֽһŷݵ߿ţֻ仰ã˲롣ӿһ£ȥŵͷȷд֡
ΪԼۣ˻۾ϸʱ֡ȥǷǰǰ󶼿һأȴ
һԺھջҡڡ߸ɺѾõ۾Щʪ


121 
ʩذ, ûйˣ˷˼, ĳƺ, Ҳòˡȶ, һ˵
RԪ, Ҫٿ, Է˵ʩĪҪ, ƶ᷽ѾΪʩˣֻѴ⣬ٲ֮ˣҲ˵ġʩͲҪٷѿ, ذɡ˵գתȥ, š
RδԹŸ, һʱˬҪȥš
Ԫס, Ը, ĵ
Rȴںޣ˭֪ȥһԪĸͶ˿šʵǡҡͷ˵ȥˡ
Ԫ̧ͷϵңȶ¡չԵˡ
Ǽ¡˵
Rȴ⣺£
Ԫǣ, ⷬġ
Rȥ, еģԪĸ𣿡
ԪЦţȥ䣬οϾ, ҲǸˡ
⻰Rȴ̹ˣûʱˡ
Ԫ⡰Ρжء
뿪ȶ£˳·ȥԪҵĹء
ǰ£Ԫŵţ빬빬ƬĹصû˸ˣֻ˿ܣͷĲݴʱڲãһƬž͸Ϊˡ
Ԫƾӡҵ󲮸ķǰĨĹǰĻĲݣͷԾĿ֣ǸʱһϣһһĴ󲮸ӡ󣬽ֹڴˡ
Ӻɰͳö䲻Ԫԭǿ飬Ԫ³ǰԸˣɡ
ɡ˵
RûжʣͶڷǰ˸ӡ
Ԫһ˿ǿƣÿӵףֿRһһ㣬
󲮸ĹͻȻп˼ԭ𣿡
紵ľ졣
߰ɡR˿ӣԪ˵
ͷٻһƬĹأţһ˰ɡ
ؾҹҹɫǱưܵԽ
ˡԪָһ÷ȥˣСѳ࣬ʱڲԣдУˡ
R˵Ҫӡ
Ԫȴֹ˵ȥῪϵƬСʯӣִֻСһһ
RվһԣĬڡ
ڵúϸ£ڶԴһ䱦һ㡣ԺǷһЩ򣬲һǲ˴
ͷϳRߡѵصɫͷ
ٿɫɹΧԪֻӡϸȥ˹մȾŵ̶˹ӣᣬˡ
ԱϣһξӨˮϡ
R΢΢ͷƻأȥԪ˵ˣǻؼҰɡ
ޱҲвɣúҵãв̣ұҽĹǻ͵͵÷£гһգһܻٴԽݡRûʰǻҵ飬ڻ˾Ԫһȴ߸֪
ӦģϾҵˣ񶼻úûšR˵ûʲôϵһ㡣
ԪޱЦʵ꣬ҿǻͦġ
Rüͷһ壬Ҫڣˣ˺ˣҲ¡
RĬһ˵İɣúܺã⣬Ҫ˶ãⶫ͸ˡ
ޱǸҰĵˣԪԸ³ɰɡ˵ֳ۳Rֻϣȴûܳɡ
RԭüͷŵģȤԼҲЦˣ˹ҪǿɲҪˣɲøƴ
ԪһЦţһ㿪Ҷֻˡ
ǸðͬˡR˵ţѹ¡
ЦһԪ˳Rĸ첲ŪԼͷܰ
鶼ˣǾȥһɽˮĵطӣòãʡ
Ԫ棺á˵Цü䡣
ڶ꿪ʱ򣬾ʧһŮѰá
˶˵ǾǺɻûΣϲΪ٣ˣȻԲȥˡ
Ϊˣ˽˻С˵Ϸ̨
´ú𣬿ɵ֮һľ£ȴӴһ𣬱ӵ춨µɫʡ
Ǵ˵еĺɣ˿ȴе·ϡ
ĺʮ֣ԪһÿһԺ䡣ŵǸḾˣʮͣȴݣѲֹʮꡣ
ԪһϤһáѿڶ
ҲǰŮˣζ˵Щ֣ʵ֪λ
ľǰ˵λӣ·˵أҼҿջЪ£ۼ춼ˣҲ޿ɹҹĵطи㣬һ䷿˽ҹ
ƴһˣͷǸŮӣŴƽʣֻ²һ㡣ִŮгȥ̽ףҪҡ
ģֻˣһ䷿ɡľ˵
ͳ˺ɰȡǮ
һ죬Ͻ֣ҪǮҪǮǽǡ˵ŴԺš
Ԫ̤ԺУŷ͸İƵƹ⣬ԼɼСԺ䣬СȴʰøɾࡣǽߣһԲðѿֲǾޱ
λ뽫˯䷿ɡǽܵƽʱѷλģҶɨɾġ
Ԫ̤˽ȥȻ䲻ķһϸϸһЩ鼮
Щӵģʡ
ҡҡͷЩȷ
Ԫȷ򣿡
ƴһЦȥмˣǰûʲôµģʣЩֵʲôǮҲ᲻ӣôˡ
Ԫۣͻˡ
ҡҡͷλǻûɣҳﻹһȥλµˡ
Ǳˡľ˱һȥϰ±
ʣԪһˣִƵƣϸϸǶǱʼӳģԪС
簡磬Ǽˡ
зᣬſڰһ죬Ťͷʱֻһĺͯſ򣬺
飬ҪȥǺͯ˵ʲôȥּһ߰ŮӣҪ˺ͯߡ
ǣԪʡ
Ůӱǣ˺֣ͯһ˫ڰ׷Ĵ۾գգԪ˵˵ˣǽܲҪ˿Ϣ
Ԫ̶ЦˣţǴˡ
Ů죬ʣֲʡ
ǡľͱǼҲ档
йǡľ˱죬ͳװʳĺɰ
Ůе㲻˼Ǻͯһ˵ǳԣ֣ľ
ľǺһǣֿŮӡŮӻԥƾˡ
ôˣŮӵϡ
ŮӸϽǣ˺ͯҪߣֱľסɰĶŮӣԡЦ
Ů˺ɰһʱţ֪òûȥ
ƲҪڣԪ˵Щǹˣǳ԰ɡ
˵ˣҲͲƴǣŮӵ˵ͷֵܻܵȥϴ˯
Ůӱźͯˡ
ָָϵڨЦλ԰ɣû٣ô档
ԪлӿǣƲǱˣ
Цŵͷұϣǣԥ󣬷ȷġ
ӵɷѹˣӾûҪȥ̽ʵ
ƿЦʲôûȥģǲ֪ҵˡ˵ˣֻҡҡͷңȷǰΪϲ˵˴ƶ࣬ȴģϲҲҾﶼȥˡ
Ԫ֪˼㲻ٶˣȻȥϢԻʰ
ۿˣľ̾½˵òүˣҶС͸˹үʺǶ޸ĸĹ¶˵Ĵڴ˵عһˡ
ԪΨ̾Ϣ


122 
ڶһ, ҹڴ˵ˣϽ, һࡣ
ɵϴ, ų, ͼǰһ, һʯͷѹˡ߹ȥ, һ, ҹ޵дġ
飬Խݼ
ֻ֡
ƺһءƬ֮߬ɱ޵ķ䣬ƿ, ûˡ
еϣһֻĹҵĺɰ, ѹһƱ߹ȥ˺ɰ, ģӡ
Ժ, ֳ, ڡȥ˳ͷ˲ƥʳճߡ
Ȧһ졣
Ҫᣬһ˲ϻû𴲵, ԼԺ˳ȥ
ϵԪķǰʱ, ҲûˣֻǷرһ£Ĺ, ǰʹʻŵľ㡣
ãȻĹˣֻģӰ
ſţΥؿ޳
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⻰˵ãԪ¡
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ǡҴ˰˾ͽ˻£ר
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ԪЦŴ㵹ãŵ񡣡
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ԪһҲЦˣһȦˣƱҿҪлˡ˵
Ҳͷ׷Цоơ
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˵ôҶЦ
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123 
һڵҹ, ӰڽС԰δֱͣԪԷ
ԪԷڵƻͨһҳ, ŷ, ׹˼, һڷլһ졣
, ΢΢¡Ԫ뿪鱾, ̧ͷ, 鰸ǰվŵˡ
ˡЦ˵Ǹǰ
Ⱥժĺڲ¶ƣȴɴž

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һһңסԪ
ðӢðޡԪҲ§, 鲻Խ͹Ǽˡ˵Դ, ֿЦ
˱ͷ˺һ, Ųֿ
ѾͷǱǰҪ׳ʵЩˡԪԪӢĸ첲, ֹȤ, ȴҲЩ
ԪӢצȥ̫ɹɹԣ㲻Ҹա
һա
ЦԪӢԪֿԪޣͷɴˡ
Ԫ, ͷ߳ԪһԴ, ԪӢһҲɹƤڣԪ洫Ũü, ԵӢˡ
Ԫһ䣬˸Ԫ޷Щ˼ˡӣЦǴչҡ
ûر㡣ԪӢԼȻ˴Ĵָ
Ԫû˵ʲôֻЦšԪȴһۣ֪Լ𡣡
ʲô˵ĿʵԪӢȥԪޣޣ˵ǲǺչţ
ԪЦŵ˵ͷģܹһ
ԪڣԪӢԼüࣺⲻǴ𣿡
㵹е֪֮Ԫʱ
㿴ңҿ㣬ɵöЦ
ϱ߼СڣвĿĲݵ˼Ц֮ԪӢԪ˵ǰϾսľƣǶ²⣬һǽַģգʥѸߣ͢΢ı仯ûһأҲûпܡ
ǶڸɽڵľӶûǵδ֣͢ľп赲һ󡣡ԪҲָ˵ͼ͵ȵϾΪʱȫˣȥǵĺ棬л
ԪͷǺõģֻƶ͢ľӾһأ
ԪӢЦˣǻϵġ̸⼸꣬ɱ߾İȴɧźͲЩҶĿõģЩѪԵľǣȥǰź̸ˡ
˿϶Ԫۿ㰲˻˳͢ľɿǵ˰ɡ
ԪӢٺһЦְʲôɿǰĹ
ԪҲЩЧġ⼸κϱߵϾսǳ͢ľӿû֮ǰڽڰˣҶһҪӮ
ԪӢȭͷһӮġᶨ
ڶգС԰ٿΪǵ򣬱Ԫ˾ǡ
ﲻǰԪࡣԪдһŤŤŽﲻУһҪRں£RȻ֪ô
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ʥŭ̲¡ʷ̨˾󡣴˰γܲ࣬ԣţ˴СԱǣߣչţ𾪳Ұ
֮ʷ飬ΪԪԪ³䷸治֮ԪϾ֮۽Ķ࣬Ԫ֮쳣ΣʥϵͷӦд
ʥ˼ǼգԪ뾩ʥ
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¹ʥӾ񲻼áڰٹڴ²˴ʮһ
£ԾǴجģŻӾRްš
ɽ죬֦ͷһԪбյһ
һΣֹȥһˡԪ棬ѵòţ˰ӣпţ㿴ͷ׵øˡָԼޡ
ԪЦǹöࡣ
ĶЦǼһҾ;ãûʲôεˡĳ룬ǽܻΪ
˿飬֪ĳϢᰲοġ
ԪЦţ˱յ⣬ǻشˡ
ӢѾͷȥˣʵ
Ԫ˵ͷǰվͳˡұҪﲻһһиôиܸѰȴﲻɻԪŮ߽˵ԼھЩܹ꣬˵ԼҲͰˣȥɡ
˵ɣȴһ۾ͿѽҲӲɣǸ걻ӢͰߵİҲһȥ˰ɡ
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Ҳһμ˳Rʱû˵һ仰ֻ񣬽ͷţͽӵúܣһûлӵȡ
ʱҾ͸һ١Ц
Ŷ˭һ
ûжֻ˭Ӧ˭
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RһЦ־ͽԼϣԼϣҾ֪ҵˡ
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ҪˡRشøɴ࣬ұͲʵ۵ӣĸʮһܶʺϡֻĸΪҲϲϵƣթʮһȴ飬ĸǻʺǵӣиͻܸɵ̫ûʵˡ
˵ˣһүٿܱɽҰ𣿡Ц
Ԫȴһֳ°룺Ҽǵ˭˵ɽҰŮš
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ҡͷЦھǵʱһԽС㣬һΣμһ𣬿ɸˣһء
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ԪȴԴҲ
RҲ˻ǻ棬ǲԾǡ˵§䶼ŵϾ͵ﰡˡ
żԪֱһģɻ裬й𣬶ǾͿӣ
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Цˣô죬̫ˣĺϾ鵽
żػRοˣշеʱ䡣
šͷ룬ǣȴӽյʼ
áЦʲôأ
ʲôأʡ
ġ
ǧⶪң
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