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ӳ㡷ߣʱ
İ
һ꣬Ӧμϼ칦
ӰƣۿɭԽȥװģҺ
ɭԽĮؿһۣԶ㣬ѻ
ۣ
費ѻĶ𣿣

ܲɭԽֶ̳ǿӲǼ֪ä
ֱĳ죬۵ĳ
֮ҵֻӳ

ݱǩ ־  
ؼ֣ǣ±̰֡  ǣĴר   
һ仰飺鷳һ 
⣺ůػ 



1.  ѻ   װģҺ

ƻͷ˴롣н磬ʮ£Ѿʼת̫ߣȺһƬȴôů͡

μһ򿪷ţͷ͸һ˿⡣ͷйЩĹ
ۣҿһ£ˣ㻹Сʱ׼

¡һţܵŲ£ǻӦȴûĴ㡣
μһڴ߲Сɽ룬һѹȥ˵ҪѹȺϹԵ𣿸Ͻױ¥°ﻹڵ㡣

˯ᡣ
ӱﴫ

ʮСʱг̣Ż塣ûɭԽǱߣֱμһķţһ˯͵ڡʱˣٵòС

治𣿡μһ˸ˢֻҲСǸ˾㲻һûϹҲûʲô˵ġϹɫһʱ䣬ߵݺݺ඼һȦˣҲһ

ۣ
ĲȥҲҪȥ

žડμһû׼۱㷭˸ֻı۵ᶼ쭳
ҿμһԼıӴҵıӣ
ץһԼͷһۣģӲ

ޣȻĲҪμһըëϴּ䣬Ͻѣһ첻ԶȻóԵ㶫ӡ

˯ԽԽڵۣ͸оԼȫ¶Ǳѹһ᲻κ
ӦһȥһˮԼϣž˲١

ҿɸ˵ǧǰɭԽ˵£һҪɱֲĸϴ˽ģˣӦͻϮܼǷҳϡ
ˢȥ
˲ˡμһϽҡͷյԴĿ⣬һҸɭԽֲ죬ʱǶˣһ˶Ա߶Ρ

Ҳǡ
μһеʱʶϵãμһɭԽȴϤһǰǴΣμһ˻ֳһϣɭԽɫûù
ԺμһÿǱܿɭԽ

ϴ˰¹ѡ˼ϡμһĲ࣬ΨһͬľǣμһǸ̫ƽ
¥µĻױʦѾڵˣԼʮӡǰ־Ͽ֪ױʦǽù١

ģⰬܸܵģμһ
ļѹɤ˰ģ
ôǵⰬܸ֪߰ӰȥҲÿ顣

μһĵؿо仰Ǯʹĥ
ۣ

μһǮȻȲԼңҲռ֮ϡǼŵıСҰӱߵòС
һЩ飬˲٣ֻɽݣӽ
Ǯ쵽£ûʧֹ

Ѿ׼ˡһ̷ɳصòء
ʶضһμһ

㻹עĹһӹһ飬ˡμһֱ׳صΪݣŮ˵˶ʮ꣬ʣĺΡ
۶һۣͦͦأμһ鷳㿴ϸسȣҪʣ
μһ

ûʲôʳ򵥵سһοĳòеĴС㣬ûϵ˵ܶη쿴ʵģһܡ

ҹһɽӹһЦˡҹŶ

μһ
ΪʲôҪŮˣ

ߵѾʽʼˣ۵ʱ򣬻ٵˡͷѾʼˣֺģһۿȥ滹ɢŲٵĲֽ

Ҳ̫İѧǻᣬÿܶúλνδ飬һܻôΡ
죬ͼλǰ̨졣ɭԽæʱ¥¶߳䵱ǰ̨С
ֻǺУʱһãʱһҲʶȥոշ¹ϲ

֪ѹĿ𣿡
ԱߴŮĽ̸

֪֪شǹͲǶʮͷг齱ĿеһԸٺٺ١
һСɫôģܣ

۵ĽŲסǱŲһ㣬˶䡣

Уǹ˾˭죿ȻЩǳôÿҪһȴ⹤Ҫ˶С
ʡʡɣܶˡȻû̫̫ܴӲŮ˶ûеļƣ϶Ǹĸϻ㰡ıȰơ

ϵ΢ЦҪֲס
ôƽ⣬ģһ㣡ĸϣ

Ѱһ䣬¶ǣɭԽѾЩȡҹڻ˿յȺӵԵȡ

̫ϲֳϣһ࣬˵ĥӱֻǣ˾죬Ϊϰ壬ʹǧɣҲǸóġ

ɭԽ¾ƱЩü
˿Ŀ֮һǳɫĳȹֻ¶ĽףϸҰ𪣬һɫĽ
˼΢Զ

ƲԷɽׯܸߣͻͷٺȵ㡣
ǲмϤͷԺһ㱻ѹȥ
šɭԽӦһۿȥ
ȷ̫ϲٵľƣֻǽ˺ٵľƣҲǸӡ

ͬǰɭԽμһ˵һ˳еĿԣΪ㡣
Ҳǣһʱѣܱ١ֻǣ֮ǰɭԽƺûǰôˡ

þò۴˸кȴڲϵʾɭԽ
ĿľѹȺ˳Ѹ£̫̫
ֻǣǰɭԽһϡ˵Įؿ͸¶šǲ족ζ

أ
Ҳǣ£;̸ǻȥˣкûһһ඼ɭԽһģͷҲһûһĻš
ƣﵽڡ

Ҫġ

һӯӯһЦװģҺ㡣
䣬ɭԽüԾ˰벽ۡ

岻ã
ǰһսɭԽɤԶ㣬ѻ顣

ۣ
費ѻĶ𣿣

һʱԹ죬޲ҧǰˡ

˵곡Ϸôû˲ֳٯٯ̬ҲˣȻ˶ǵˡοΧˣ⹷˹
ȻɭԽĸ鲢ôҲǽ飬ǹµĹϵ;˵ŤǷ޼飬ôܷϸ˿Ц

ͷղԣһԵҲע⵽ˣߵ˴æشһк첽˹ɭԽѹһ䣬ܣС㡣

ɭԽ΢̧ĿɢһЩĮȻ

ϽС㣬ôû֪ͨǡ
̫̫ҧгݵؾ
æĿڣ̫̫

ɭԽɫ۵ϣ˼룬Ǹһ겻仯ܴûϳ
ۣ

ںȥˣ
һͷ˿ûȾ

ۺ룬ɭԽǲò绨ţֻһԭ

Ǿǣйˣ




2.  С   ܺÿܳ

ʵֿһ꣬ҲûоԵİաǱǶһ꣬ҵƷд籾㣬ȫҪΪ

æʱŲմأ꣬ûлعֱе飬ְǱߵ鴦ã˳˼£Żص塣

һʱ䣬ûмɭԽżϵҲƽ꺮ůˡ
ɥżʽôã緢͡ŮˣҲûʲôȥָ

ǣǲˬ
Ҫǲҳϣ룡

ԭĵС˼֡²ߵؿɭԽһۣղŵĻ⣬ˣ
ɭԽ˺ܶࡣ

仰

۵ɫһЩԺȴһôŮ˵ģԽԽ

ǰһֻ̧֣
ղŲҪңɭԽ
ղŲǾܾңۼǳ
ǸɭԽ֪ƽƢ

ĽһܺãҲ֪ղŸѿ˲١ֻڳϲԣȻǲۡ
ϵ죬ڳĲȱҡҺףһ׮̸Щ£ǵ㡣

ԭһΡ޸סֱۡ
ۻŵϺǳˮζԣֻ۵ıһ飬Ųˡ
ȥҽԺˣ

ˣع⣬ܣȥ׼һڻ
ȵȣۺס뵽֮ǰСŮ˵ģǲǳеˣɭԽӦһ£
Ų΢٣ͷֲһ䣬̫̫ģ޷ǶһЩ漰

ȥ׼ɡ۴ʲôģûȤ˽⡣
Ҳȥˡ

һΪҪμӡɭԽͷֻýĵƹ̫㱣֮䣬ֻüһƬģ

ɭԽǽǣôһᣬ˵ĿѾߡΧѹݣҲвѾµˡ

˳˵ֱϿμҲҡڳô࣬ҿɲ֮Եô

仰Թ
ɭԽó
ҲǣһδͰˡ˭ϣ᲻ˬ

ɭԽҲûʲô㶼ܲӦûϲ
ҲŤͷť»գǶҲҪĶ
䣬ӱ㲻ؽ



ɭԽ߻صĸͣ˼룬գ뷢ѾòջĿ⣬ҲԵ㡣
ˣԼòʧ

λ̫̫ܵѹܺӦҲŮ飬Ǽһλ
㶮ʲôô˵λСڹһ꣬ܿǶؿչһꡣ
ܻǺ˰ġ

̨۷׷ףʱҲˣ𰸣õ˶Եõܵر

ҿǺ尡
˵ˣ߶մ

ССڵس㣬Χֺģȴɲ¡
ζǲϵ죬ƶ׼ġ
һڣ۳̨ϿȥŮһǳɫû˶

ǫ̂۷ӣΪ˹ôе
ꡣɭԽһֽݸۣ졣
۷˸ۣȥǽ𣿡

Ϊ̫̫

ɭԽ˫ǳӺӣҪһ޲ȴӲһֳζ

һֱ֪ɭԽСǱ˼ҵĺӣʮʱͽӹϣ̶꣬ϵ˺ü㡣
ûǼ꣬˵Ϊ˺ɭԽף伫ֻԼҼسŵһ޳ɣһǰɭԽȢˡ

ˣֻɾηȴʺϹǰֻоԼûκεܡеС˼ᱻµ
һ֣ܸ߳С

ǡ۴󷽷سϣ˼ֵֻھãûҪˡ
ɭԽ룬Ҳ͡
̨ϵѾڴߴ٣ɭԽǿһᡣ

ܡĪסɭԽԽԽ
ʱزһ䣬ܣĪĪõ˺塣
ɭԽ˭Ҫ֪ģֻǶԷҪʲô



һ·Ĭذѳ˱ҲۼˣһҾͽȥϴжױ

ʱɭԽѾϴϣڴϿļ
Ҳϴͷˣ߰˷ָɣЩ˳ղŵڵǶ˼ᡣ

òϣԸ޸ɭԽһأΪ˳úÿ˶ӾرеŮˣһΪûܹ

ֱɭԽ
ţͻȻ䡣

ͷɣǰĴãشܵ档ܵ鶼ˣͬѣûʲôɽġ

ֻһ۶Լһ˯ģߺմ˵ϢԵΧʮֵزӦ
ɭԽҲûҪ˼ĿרעؿļҲǼ򵥵ظһĿѡ
˵Сʤ»飬Īø飬ûеģǾԶˡ

ۣɭԽûйصƣЩ˯š룬ʣǸĪСˣ
ΨһŮأʮ˽С˵棬ɲСˡ

ɭԽļĿһ٣ǣֻ顣
С˭ۺϣЩƲֵصģҲǶʸǺ档
ôÿɭԽϹˡǶԷǸһܰ˸סɡ

ɭԽļһԣɨɵͷššüûСˡ

ƨûСǲסУ
ۻھϵ¡
һϮȹѹȺߵɭԽǰĿⶼǡôʣµľԲ˼֣Ӳرһ仰
Խ룬Խ

ۣ꣬ѧ˵໰룿ɭԽ
Ҳһë˹ͷŪɡ
һϲµģôûˣ
.ôǿ»²һܹ

ɭԽúͣ˴ѵƹˣɫ΢䣬ûУ˯

۱ŵˣ촽ԭŵƶѹͷ˵ıԡ
ֻСˡûУ

һ£ɭԽҲûѱϡеĻڲҴšңμһҲһֱš
Ѿˣ۲ϰй⣬ԵڹɭԽصá

ɭԽҺûӡǸţϾ̫áһ뵽ⱾΪɭԽˣԲŻ˼룬־õǸ

ʣ˻Լһ겻
˲䣬۵Ļһ¡ڴȻ׹ȵ׵ĸо

ɭԽû˵

ұ㾪һ£Ȼʲôġ۵Щͣϸ֮»Щ΢ɲί

ܺÿܳ㡣ɭԽ
۷˸ͷأ
ɭԽĬˣһţÿô
ˣ۴˸ǷҪ˯ŵʱ򣬲˵

Ӧúܺÿ

ʶģȴ̲ס²һ䡣
ʲôӦã
պòã




3.  Ӽ   ϲף

չߵ㣬ɭԽתѡĹѾ㹻ӡ
ҲֻǽЩͬ䴦˽§סһϸȺϣġ

۵˯һ򲻺ã䣬ʶѰůԴսǻᣬ죬ҲһϨ
ɭԽĶϵ˶Ƚϳ嶯ŵĻһ毺õۡ

ۡɭԽÿ֣ϵûκηӦֻššü
ɭԽ÷ֻСÿȡǺñӣ뿪

Ƥٵúܣȥˣ
ô磬С

šɭԽ·Ҳܻ䣬аҪ˾ȥ֣ȥ㡣
áɭԽȫǰСҲֵû־ҪŬ

ɭԽԼ·ִ¹񣬸ѡһ·ڴϣ촩ס
ۿһۣܾҪռһˡ
ɭԽ·¹Һãһصġ
۱м˯ģôһ֣ˣҾͲԼѡ𣿡

ɭԽûľܾ֮һһ䣬ϲף
ۣ
ԾһҪǲϲҾѡһסı顣
ϲ

ʲô˵

_

ŵչڰ칫еغŶ̧ͷ֮ʣ߹һӰǺڶļţܣʮи飬и
Ϊ̫̫ջôҲû뵽һ׼ʱ

ǱߵĺΣɭԽļֻϵ۵Ϣóܻ

۵ǸСϲɫȽԭȼﱻƵŮɫڣɭԽŻ˻û뵽۸ջؼҲһ죬Ϳʼڡ
ɭԽҪ̫

ȱԤǰһܣܶĿҲǿءԼԸǶ˵£ûʱ䡣ĪǱߡ
ȥźþС
ĪҪҲ֣Ҫһγϡ

ɭԽ˵Ҳ߰˸ܸߴҪģҲֻĪҪ޷ϣõӡ
ְϣҪɭԽȻÿɱȴҲᡣ
ΪȥѣֻҪֵ飬һֻ۱һֻۡ

ճȥǧĵ绰˹
˵Сϻˣͷºͺ͵ģֻǴ˵ɳơ
ţյ

ǧЦЦʮģôûоñʤ»飿ûޣ
ġ
ֻ۸ջҪôͶֶţҪǵټϣ챾ֵ鲻Ǻܺá
ûУۡɭԽ򿪵ԣ뵽ۿߵ죬ûϳ

ǧ΢۷ˣ
ûСɭԽĬ룬ֻŮˡ
ǧǱЦˣ٩ŮĲһЩǶһ겻ˡҼλҲǣֻҪȫоС

ɭԽûôӵ飬ֻҪ۲Ҫ̫֣ҪĶɭԽܸ
ڸεĸ飬ƺҲûȤ

ɭԽߺ˯һҵ֮ľήҵÿ˯ʮ㣬Ը濴羰֣߰˵ؼңٿϼСʱС˵׼ʱ˯

Ьϴ۶Ŵϵ·˼룬ǻϡ
Ĳ˵˵۹⻹ǿԵġ

ĳ輸ûбһ¥Ҳ͡۰ѵӴ򿪣ϸʡ
ԭԼμһȥ֣ÿεŮҪռʱгǰˡ

ռǺǮȴݳޡǮԵø룬μһڹʲôÿȶרŵʦΪ·ǻῪʼͶǮˡ
ۣǱҵһ˵ĿǻǮμһĿ־Ϊ˻Ǯ
ԣһļϣǱΪ鵽ڡ

ֻǣˬԼˡϢˣͯһͿʼ΢ţʮ΢ŰŸֱ
˯ֻŵģʽȻһϣǹò

μһԼ죿
ۣԣʲô
μһ˧ô࣬һʱ¡˻Ů˾Ǳֻżһңӵȫ硣


ǺǣɭԽǰ˵⻰

ûռҡԴѧ֮ʵҲͷڻԭ򣬻ΪͯҪ
ͯС꣬Ÿոж˵Ҳ֣ϿԵͯСͳţЩ䵭ֻͯȴƫƫϲ㣬ѧǻϲš

㣡ӻû߽ռңԶԶ㿴ͯվ棬֡
˳ͯ˹㲻𣿳һҲ˵ô㡣
ۿЦõرסȥˣⲻǻ𣿡

ȻǽĻҾͲԴˡͯȥ֪һص˼٣˯òã
ܲС۵ЦЦȥúϿΣżˣٴȥ档

ҲϲϿΡͯСҾͲУǵȥ㣬ͳԼϲ飬Ǿͷǵùҡ
ԴһҸ캢ҲСˣóˡ
֪ˡ
ͯ˭Ļֻ۵Ļе飬ҲȰ䣬ȥġ

ߣϿԵڿ˵Ƽǽס˻棬ۻˣᣬҶþûˡ
֣衣۰ϣ˳ԵߣȴظŰ˵ľ룬ǴЩҩݽŵģȻð̸׼һ£˯Щ

ԵһۣЦһˣʲôʲôȱͷչ˺Լǲŷġ
ǽһƬ⣬裬иôТ˳Ů͵ְɡͯһ䡣

㻹ѧѧûУҪҺΪġԵûһͯҲǣһԾܣѧУǱ߾Ͳˣ

ֲ˵ˣҲûʲôҪĿΣҲΪ˽㣬Ϊ˻ǡͯԵʮüˣԵ㿴öˡ

˵ûҡԵεش˴ͯ
Ͽˣһ䣬ۣλӦò˰ɣ

ԵϿֻǣǼﻹиСġʲôʱ򣬶ƫͯǰСʱֹΡˣҲϰˡ
ûԵϿİֻͯ˶ѡ
ţҴڹڷչ

ڹڷչһЩԵص˵ͷͯıʾȥСﲻššüŽѰ˸λ¡

ɭԽս鲻þܵ飬ò׻ˣͱţСȹ硣

Եǵ۳ԿģԼŮǴûʲôۡɭԽʲôݣһû׼Ů˾ͳˡ

۵ͷӦ£裬ʱ䣬һɭԽ

ãҪɭԽ۸ˣ衣ռҵˣɲǳصġԵһۣˣð˲㰮Եģ

Ҳˣ
㻰࣬ٲԵġ



ĺ̸ЩãԷҧסһٷֵ㲻áɭԽ̶ֿ꣬Բá˺ԷҲֻ֣ܰ˲ٽ

£ɭԽ鲻ȥɫѾ˺ܶࡣ紵ϣЩʹ
дϷ붬ʱҲֻһ¡ֻǽЩ죬ر㽵¡

ܣڻرԱһ䡣
ɭԽûֻǻֻ۸շϢ

ۣæˣ
ɭԽս
ۣɷӼݣ




4.  ʳ֮   ܲ

֣ɭԽЩͷۡ

˵СŮסһСλɲһסŵǾµĵжʱڣӵǧŸÿĹҪ˼ҡ
ƫƫǸʱμһһҰģһʲҪǼʦţжŮܰѧУԼҺ󹬡

ɭԽ꣬ϳǻᣬɭԽѾˡֻǶѧУоŵģͬһѧ
۵Ĵ棬ӳв˸вֱ죬ǧỹµ٩

ܣ
ɭԽ˼ۣȥռҡ

۲̫ϲסռңѧܻ֮ڱжѧȴҪסᡣʵռϣҲ
ֻǣɭԽ֪֮䣬ǲ˵ʲô

ɭԽռҵʱ򣬱Ƽͯ۵ĴϣŽ㣬һԺܺͽദ
۲ͯףһĩܣǵҡСͯҾҲҸ̸ˡ

𡣡ͯϽҡͷ֣н͹ˣһ
˵⿴ԶɭԽӰͯԴˡ
̫ͯĵɭԽСѧһţʵʵشкá

ɭԽ΢΢ףۣ費ڣ
ɢȥˡͯס֮ǰ֣Сȥ

ɭԽ
ôǵԼͷǱʲôϵ

ͯˣûҼֻһ˫۾Ͱ͵ؿۡɭԽ꣬һӡ
ͯĽ࣬ȴŹٵĴԣҲۼĺֶΣһֱЩɵ

˳۲ЩܵסԼĸ۵ֱһ
ɭԽһۣθʹ

ţЩס۾Ǹϵθúܡһãƫƫͯζȫͬ
ռϵĺ⣬ֻӲų˲١θģܵúܡ

ɭԽȥҽԺ
ãһؼҳҩСصûӦֻÿߵˣɭԽ

ɭԽͬؿһۣǿš
ǿŸƨ
ؼҡ
ȥҽԺҲǳҩΣؼŲ𣿷ǵȥҽԺ

ɭԽҲǿ۵òԼԾڴˣȻ۲ȥǾ

صң۾ͷҩ˳ˮȥʵʹҲһ̹ȥͺáֻǽôǻٲ˵ġ̲Ҳܺˣ⼸Ҳ嵭㡣

Сӡ
ɭԽϴ㿴۾ָһЩ֣Ƕһ΢΢üۣô

޶ˡ
ɭԽĬĬҳԣ

Ƿ³սǻᣬۻ²˼ΣδۻģɭԽǲѡ

Ķˡ
ɭԽֻա
ֻ
ɭԽ0607

ۣ
ܺãϷʯ
ǵɭԽգɭԽ֪ǵԼա

ɭԽ˵㣬ֻԼ룬ôҲ±룿
ɭԽûõҵֻҡ
ô򵥣㲻Ҳûס
õģ۳ɹشɭԽн˼

ǣ˵úܼסһ

_

飬ڻع֮ǰͰźˡѧľǵϵרҵҲûҪʲô֪ݣûҪһгԷ
ѡרҵҲڶרҵ֮УȽ˳۶ѡտȥģѡרҵʵǲࡣ

Ĵ㣬ǻعԵϹ۶ǮĽΪʲôأ
عǰһ£˺ͻȻϢȥӡԼڼҲû¸ɣȥҵҲ

Ҫǣ˺̫ˡɭԽȻһֱۻǾԼеȽϺáЩͶһЩС⣬ɭԽȻңɼǺôҲƽʱĳԴ

Ǹѧμһһ·ϱһ£˺԰ɣȥˣȻʮ꣬ѾƷ춼Уǿǿ۰ɡõͦ˧ģһ£

㱻ޡˣԱһƵصˣɲϧ񣬵ҵƷһǴд˺üŹء

Ҳù˺ôޣıҵɼܺÿ
ǻˡμһ˶壬ߵСҪг裬ֲģҪ乬ġ

Ҳ͸ǰ˵˵еľˡСΰ˵Ҹòᵱ㻹ɣ
μһֱһ۹ôع죬ճˣ

⵹ûС
һƢڶۡɭԽֲޣĻô嶯ǽԺ֮УĳͦĶ

μһҲˣһӣ÷Աղѡ·ȫǷԱϲЦտͲûڹˡ
μһˢ˿ͷۣ·ҿϲˣûϹģ
ǰɣҲ̫ɭԽ԰ѡ·ã¹·˱죬ԼֲЩԼģЩɭԽ׼ġ

μһ˶٣һѾؿ˵ҽ飬ܲҵһģ
Ҳǲ飬һֱûҵʵġЩڹҲæŸһЩֻǶû۵ġ

ϲɭԽģ۷һ䡣
ˡμһϿҵҡͷ̫ˣҹǿžˡң̫ޡ
ĺýãһеġ

_

ֻû뵽Ÿո˵£͵ޡ

ϴϴոոǺñӣһԵɭԽе飬ѹͳẓ̇ۡ

ȣΥҹҪʼˣ

£ɭԽûоܾȵָ˯ۣĿ۽ǵǿϣϵ˼֡
ܲ㣿ûصһۡ

Ƕʱ䣬˺ò׿ˣȫĸܡÿᱳʹһεĵߣҲΪǹͷˣ۾ܲסˡ
ܲԼϧԼֻһйĹߡһ֮£ֱӳһ߾һꡣ

áɭԽѹĺ촽̶۽ǵ룬ᡣ

ҲûľܾϾǷޣܲһֱŰɡֻһΣɭԽࡣ
˼ĸܣ˺벿֣Ȩƶ֮ǰͬ
ͦģǣҲ۵ûš

ĺǣۻ˹ȥ˯֮ǰԼоõɭԽȵˮУ

ʱ򣬱ƼɭԽڴ߿顣

ɫһ˿̵ɫ侲Ӳʡ濴ŵĺԸʮ֣ë΢˳ţȴǴ۵ĿһǵЩ͡˵˯³һСƬؿ룬ܿüʧĺۼ

ɭԽ̫ˣ˵ЩɳơһɭԽӣôȥ
ɭԽÿζǵݣ壬Ӧûϰʱ䡣

㡣廹ʹ
ôãһ뿪ɭԽЩģۻ᲻ϴһصңѾˡ

аɣ㡭һϹҩˣ
ûУֻǸ㰴һ¡
º󻹶չٲǰ֪ԼѹûôˣΪԼˣԭɭԽ˱䶮ˡ

㹫˾Ǳô죬һϲȥ
ӺˣȥɭԽƫͷһۣ۵׻оɫӼ仹мСݮۼŨءδ.࣬ȷЩˡ

һƣۼţǾ糯ˣ
ɭԽ飬λˣ

Ŷԣǻʵۡ
˶г衣




5.     ֻ

һ糯Ϸг裬á
ֻǣɭԽɲôСϵˣ绹кܶҪȥ

£ɭԽչѡһ·
ɭԽҾпŮġǲǰҵɰűˣ
ɭԽûشֻǸһĿ⡣

ãֱظܣЦҲʳ֪ζƢʱЩЦƽʱ۶˶ûʲôӦ

ġ
ҡͷһԵֻˢš

ɫĴѾۻµı̣滹׺żƬҶէһֻɭԽϾǸˣɫֵϲ

ˡ
۰Щֺܿ˻ȥÿ𣿡
ջŲһ졣
ɭԽһۣںʲô

ۣޣҾǵľⴲ

ҲˣûˡɭԽɨһԵ¹滹һŲ֪ĸ˵ĺ۵úܡ
֪ΪʲôɭԽܾã۵ںѾˡ۵СҲ߰ˡҪʲôӱѾˣҲָս

ذѺ˺ɭԽͷۣҲϲ˵ƬɫĶһˡ
ԻоԵҳϣԵģҪҲܸۣռҵжԺԥջ

ӦӦ
Ҳһ㣬۸оɭԽйͬ
˴˶ԷմǲݣֻɭԽ̣һɳӶݲá

ҲǣɭԽ˴С֮ӣûʲô۵㡣ҪԼˣ˿ɣ˻ȫ˼յ֣Ī

Ҳ֪뵽ʲôɭԽһЩһ۴ϵۣ緹Ѿˣϴĥ̫á

۲붯̫ûкɭԽ뽻һϣȫʹڰؿһɭԽȴûע⵽Ŀ⣬ֻһӰ

ʲôᶼǼٵģϷ޲ᣡ
˵˯һҪԼ͵
ԲΪ

_

ɢعһܣ۰Լʱ䵽˵ص㡣

һݣеİᡣѡĻһƼģһȥ۾Ͳ㱻ƹϹۡΣе㷸ģ綼ڵߵһ

˺´ܲѡĵط

˺˵ϲڳˣͨĿһ㶼ǲȥġǴԵʣԼ۵ʱ򣬲ڹڲݡεãѡĵصˡ

žડһͷĵƹʧֻһյơ
˺ڿ棬ﻹһ3D۾ЦſС۸ղźʲô
һ˺ӣ˶壬ѧ

ʵ˺ӦʦϾҵ󣬻ѧڵĿΡ
ֻҲ˵ӡǵþúʦˣҪ۳ƺΪѧ

˺ˣԼԶԶģ΢΢üֲ㡣

㿴ȥһҪ˵ӡ
ǱŲһ㣬ѧ֮ǰ˵Ĺ£ʲôʱʼ

ż¸²Ž顣˺һЩȥҲǸҶ˲ˮģʲô
΢Цѧǽѧϰ
˼˺ǳЦ

۴һۣ˾ˣЦʱ۽ǻЩϸơ˺ȥűӣǲò̾һ䣬ǰѳ
ʮֱ꣬һ

ʲô
۲˼ѵѧĿա
ԣұʮ꣬ǲʡңҶСƨȤ˺ĿĲϣ٩һ䣬ôϹ㲻㣿

ֹ㣬ֱͷˡ

˺ҲǿĻͶӰµһӰۣ벻뵱ݣ
롣ۼѿڶٶȿ쵽û˼
Ϊʲô֮еĴ𰸣˺֪ԭ

۶ĻֵĳȵӰСһЩſڣдþ籾𣿡
˺֮ǰдЩ⣬Ҿõõľ籾̾Ϣһܡ
ǲͳˣֲǿϣʲôݡ
˵ˣϿԵСͲҪر㣬һӺαҪôࡣ

û־
Ҳ֪ûʲô£ƽƽ档
ֱǸѧСֶŮһģһΨһŵǳúÿ鲻õʱ򣬶á

־ⲻԼʵ𣿡ۿŵӰѧ˵ľ飬˵ŬŬǲǻлᵱСݣ
˺˼˼룬Ͽҵ±Ӱɡ



ʽǩ˺ͬ۱СӰû꣬˦ߡ

㣬μһȥ⹺ȥˣۻؼҲġ·ڱ˾ת˸䣬Ͽȥ

Ȼϴ˵С״˵Чǳáۻ͵¥ǰ̨СֱۼƼӭ̫̫á

ƺĪЩϡ

̫̫ܵܽһֱڹ˾ֱȥС
۵ͷȻ֪ɭԽڹ˾ǻԼ˵°ֱ࣬ڶ̳Ի
ллۻòصһ䡣
ŮЩܳæ֣ûû¡

ȵ۽˵ݣһͷԼͬ飬˭ҵģ̫̫˵һΪҡ
ŮĻô³Ƽû̫̫СݮӣҺĽ
ĽҪ˼˵
УСŮһ򿪹˾İȺ

Сޱޱϰ˾ˣϻСݮ
ˣô̼˭˵ϰɮģ
Ҫ˼лˡ



ۻ֪ԼѪһˣڹ˾˲ˡ

¥㣬۾ߡղŸɭԽ˶ţûڿᣬڰ칫ֻҪ㿴ӰǿԵġ
ţҪǣһֵϰܡʲô¶ܿƱӡˢԼǰ
оԡ

յ칫ſڣۻûƿűͷƿˡŮﱧһļƺǺܾᵽͫ׶˼롣
ۼǵǰŮˣڳ齱棬˺塣
ʲôšޣĪ塣ɭԽΨһŮ顣

ԡ̫̫Īһ䣬ղҺܡ
̸۹԰ɣЦվԶûڴսˣĪ峤û㲻ֻױְ̫ȫǺϣܸһС׻ĸо

ңΪŮ˵ֱĪ壬ɭԽ϶˼̨ϣ֮䣬ڳɭԽ۵ףǲزסİĽ
ϹأԼϹǸ߸Ь̫վ

ǣǵġĪͷ
Ҳûʣ˰칫ң֮ʣһ䣬Ժٴ߸ЬŮӵĽŲá

ſڵĶСҲûпѹɭԽ˸룬ˣ
ûСӲ
֮ǰɭԽûŮġôȴһ˼Ůˣ

ղǸŮǿ𣿡
ɭԽ˼һ»ش𣬡ƺ˹̹ѧоùڽĵһģ̫ǵá
ˮƽۿ˼ҵı߶š
ۣ᲻ȡ֣

ɭԽؿ΢䣬ᡣ֪Ҳϲҵ顣

ǣɭԽǸġҲһֱ֪ǰҲġⲻǣһĲŮ
ЩйôɭԽţôôƲƲ죬ƲֵؿɭԽ˯𣿡
ɭԽ۵״żŭȴֱܺõѹȥȻػشֻ㡣

ʲô
ֻ˯ɭԽĪƸı׼ƸΪۣҪȡ֡
Ļ۶ûôȥԺֻţֻԼ˯

ûĹǰΪɭԽˣ֮ǰ϶й󡣴ҶǳˣҲɭԽĹȥֻڵ˼ǣ֮ǰǴ.
ȿȣʹ̼ʮϴ.УܱôãҲѵһѹô.ޣһ磬һǰûˡ

ȵȣʲô
һٸ
ңȻͦģ




6.  У   ҼλͦԵ

شһ룬̫ﶬļڣůʮ㡣
ҡȣָԼĵشǰˡ

ɭԽĹܶ࣬ǰæʱһ϶ûʱˮˣҲһԼԼġ鵹ûô֪⸽кóԵģ칫ĸġ

ɭԽո˵Ļ۵
ǲ⣬ֻǣȴܿġ

ǵĿ̫ȣɭԽ̧ͷڸתת
áҡͷҲ°ˣҵԷ
ǿ°ˣֻɭԽĹЩ࣬ܲܰʱһ۽Ľȣüûۣ

һɭԽֵ۷ֻʼμһҫ
μһĲϹ
μһаɣʵлϴ.У
۷һȥûϹˣ϶Թְְ㡣
μһ

˳΢ţϷϺ˼ָ֡вô˼ֶ䡣ѲҲˣԼҲûá
ͺ˵ˣһʱ䣬ˡ
ҹɫʼˣߵشԡ¿ȥ·ϷɳۣӰúСС

ЩסˣɭԽ˸кȥſڽľ칫ңɭԽҪӰ࣬ԴԱҲǲ°࣬Ѿߵòˡ

Ψͷһλŵԡ

̫̫ͻȻһһͷȥĪ岻֪ʲôʱվԼ
Īƺױ翴ǻᣬȻһЩܻûؼ𣿡

ţе㹤ۻ˻񣬡Ī黹ڼӰ࣬ɭԽĹܶ𣿡
ĪǳЦࡣֻܸոոһĿʧŬһ㡣

ɭԽʧ
ü֮⡣ܲϲСŮ֮ĹĶǣʱֱӽġֻǺܿϧɭԽĵ̡
Ŷ͡

̫̫Ī庰סۣҧŴǲǲϲң

ƣǫ̂ʡۼǵãԼǸʲôܺݺݰͿһģһġ
ƴѧѧѧãݼҲô
ôߵѧ̹ҲܸߣǰװС
ţϲ

Ҳֱ׵Ļش˵Ťͷߣȴ־ʲôһ¡ͷȥĪͷֻµЬѾһ˫ƽЬҲѹղûע⵽Լˡ

صɭԽİ칫ңڿһԽ飬˵һӢģƽ

ڹʱ䣬ϲľǱ˵ͳĲǻɭԽͺֻƽʱ˵̫䵭ûиԡ˵ĲǵĸЩ˼Ҳö

ûҴɭԽ۶ˮڹꡣɭԽҲ֪Լİ칫̫ƣڰ칫һЩֲﻹһֻڹꡣССһֻģûһִֻ

Ūһᣬ黹ûҪ˼ȥӦǿĳϡ
˾Ͳ

ǶòУ˷СҲֻõļǸ⡣ȥûӣǸˡ
һɭԽߵԱߣܿʼǱԾͷǸ˹ȥ

ɭԽɨһֿۣۡ߶գգۣͷżˮ⣬һ
ټӰֻ࣬ǽ࣬һҲߵˡ˵ۣЩŲס˺װɭԽʾ۵ͷ
۲ԣɭԽ߱ݹһǸ⡣

ԡֲû֡

ƵͷȻֹ͵ʶԼʲôεɭԽͶȥһǸ
ҳȥˡ۴һһϣ³ָָ֣Լֻ
ǿסˣҲģ絽̳ЩԵĵӡ

ԣ
ɭԽǸ
ղŵŮǣ
ҵӡ

ѿڶĻɭԽЩʵ֮ǰû顣ϾԼ⣬ǺԼͬҲϵóԷ

ۺСʶʱǾŴŴһСֻֻԼΪԭ뿪塣
ٻʱۿСˡȻͬһѧУȴҲûʲôϾʮɭԽ˵ʵ̫С

ȵ۳ʱǱ㶩飬ʱɭԽѾ˹˾ֻǸС֮ģԶԶֹĲô򵥣ڵ粻ֻͬһظĸңûоܾҲġ

л㱱ǹ˼꣬Ƕ˻飬֮ദҲࡣռҺԼסòָԼĵط˷ڣҪ֮£档ɼˣɭԽҲ֪ѧ˰೤˹о

켣ɭԽûв롣ȴҲС


ʲôǲס
ɭԽ棬ɫ

ת˲ֹ˼죬ǰ˺ü꣬ɽȴġٳУֵúܡ

ǡѧİУ죬˶ٰøΪ˳㳡ӣֻҪμӣһɿԼѧ֡ˣҲʮַ
ƽʱһЩԻ޸еѧҲμ־Ը߻ӡУ԰ֺģůﶬ䡣

ǧմУ԰Ĺ⣬춼ȥϿΡһĵطϣЦһ䣬ôûлУ԰

ûʲôɻġѧɭԽ˵һ塣ἸһͰź˹ԲѧûξϷ
УȴҲͬԴӴһʼ˷ӣƽʱҲٺͬѧǵ˵ǴžѧУ棬ûôѹ

ҲǣҵͦġǧЦЦڿÿҶǶµӿΣһλشѧĸо
ʦǿ۷ֻǲ۷֣ɭԽ˳һ䡣

ǧ᲻Ƕϻи硣飬϶ڹܣҲǧֵСоҵֱӻĸУʦ

Ȼۡǧܹӡ
ɭԽ˹ֻϵ۵Ϣ
ۣڷƲٳߣСͯиȥ㣿

ǧǱһۣû۷ʲôֻϤͷ
оôŵ
ǧѾˣһ飬顣ֱڣɺܶ

ֻ̫֪ҵӡ
о΢ӣ֮ܵ顣ЩֻΪԼӣΪۡ
ΪԼӣɭԽܺã԰ĺܶȱ㡣ǣ塣һеǰᣬ۱顣

ǧ̾һŵ㣬ӱǿӲЩǸ䵭ӡҪԺ泳ˣ÷ӵľͷӣһͺˡ

ɭԽûӦǵʦо顣

˵ˣҼλϴҿںɫ˶һ졣죬˳ִʲôˮֱ˯鷿ȥˣ緹ûһø緹ԡǧΡȻǱԹȴܹһУ֮¡

ôɭԽ˼ƳĿڲԶǿҼλͦԵġ




7.     겻ɵ

˶ĵһ죬һٰ죬һ̾кܶࡣɭԽһûʲôȤʱˣ㳯ȥ
۱ͯŲߣŵʱɭԽѾһСˡ

վԣˣҶʱһĵ·ҶϦĹ⣬Ī۵Ůı

ѧʱҲûӾڣʲôѧǣ¥µš
ֻǺܿϧӢ綩飬һɭԽѧɭԽ˵Ҳȷ档æŸ飬̸СԸҲ͸ǳˡ
ʱôˣû뵽ԼԲΡȻһͲǴѧǲ롣

ǣסɭԽ֣һﾰɫͦģɢɢ
ۡɭԽͻȻһ֣ȴһʾһ
ôˣ

ɭԽ΢΢񣬺˵ߵһи飬ڻؼҳԷáҪһЩҪ
ʱúܺãҪ۲ٵĻСԸ

۵ıϣ͵ˣֻЩ䣬ţȥɣҲˡ
ˣ겻ɵΡڣҲûˡ

ɭԽʻѧǣͣں̵ǰʱߵһȥ鲢á

ҪǺɢڵͷüɭԽûô࣬иģΪһ᲻Ҳġ
Ͼôˣϱȥ١ССѣ٣

롣۱ͷȥķ羰
ɭԽţҿؼˡ
ۣ
ֱУ

ɭԽϵϾŵķɻӿʼˡȻȴǳۣߺ˰ΣɭԽûи

ɭԽסˣӱܳһؿ㳳ˡ
ɭԽͷĲ侲Һ˵ͷܰ
ƣһ˸˵ƾʲôԼҪȥͷ˯

ɹɣˣõ˺üȣͷһ˽ɪɪֻܻعԼıӡ

ɭԽؿСһķƢ˺ü룬Ĵߣ⼸Լúôţ£
ӦһɭԽߺڱμһ˸Ϣ˸ֳ˯ȥ

ۼǵɭԽʽȨϵ죬ʱˣںɫɳϣĿȻǸ߸ϵȨһ˵̵Ļ

һΣʶǿеɭԽжô¡

֮лԼɭԽ㲻ҲΪһϵۺԣɭԽ룬ʱһС
ãɭԽ˺ܶࡣߣҲû֮ǰȻǵĮȴҲ֮ǰ˺ܶࡣ

۴󱿵ӵ绰

Ϥ۴ѣЩͷ۵ذ˰Լ̫ѨһʾЬ¥š
ˣμһ˶ţЬҲ꣬ϹˣͻȻɣ
Ϊʲô͵ĸо

ۿһʱ䣬ģڿУɡȻԻز
Ǿͺáμһ˴Լָֻ֣С磬ݣЩչģҲУ·ˡҲ֪Щʦ˶ǮܽȥȲҼõʦ
۷˸ۣЬְڵĿյ򿪣Լ¥ᣬȥϴ

ҰҲһȥμһظ

ⷿǽסģμһ⻹ǵһɭԽɭԽضξѾˣǸСǽϵĵ񻨾Ͳ֪Ҫ١ŵשϵ·ȫ˹̡ǵ˵ģҲİһ
Ҫ֪ɭԽ̰ɫ֮ˣҪɭԽǲǴݲؽˡ

С¥ֻ¥һһٶƽҲֻܴװ޵úܾģǴӼҾûȥͨʵ˲ٵǮԺܴ󣬻һñ䡣

ϴͿμһǴͷĻɴա
ɭԽæɴջǺ油ĵġǶµĺߣһľǴƬڻؿȥɭԽȻʵһмܲסֵڣôÿ

ɭԽƷζӵװҺϲ׷ˣҲһġ

μһǮ࣬û¾ϲⷿӶ˺üסÿζסһʱˣֻһطס
ۿʼпһǮ˵ѾǼֲˡһμһݳˣŻòϰߡ
Уһͷʦ˭ЦԼƿƿ޹ޣʼ

ˣǰĹ·Դ˹𣿡
ָָñ䣬ߴ綼ʣһˡǣɭԽǺϲ
ɭԽ·˺ܾãһ仰˵Ǽ·˲һǰĳ𻹼ǵڰɣ

ûƷζɶ棬ǮһõμһһúܣߣҺϲǲӰӳˣȥ
ãһ·סμһ⼸ˣɭԽǸ˾֪һϸûС

μһǿ֣֪㣬ɭԽˣ͸õҪҪˡ
ϾˣСӣͻȻתԣ˹ûбĽ͡ңɭԽһˮӣμһ̲סҪһļƤ
ΪͬصͷǼɡ

μһ棬ɭԽڹڵʱ򣬻ɵż֡ɭԽ˶ڹڣμһȻ˵òУСƢһֱӰȥĵϡ

۵ķݣɭԽÿ춼æӲȫ˽ʣľ̸

ԣ֪ģǹ˾ôࡣ㣬ҲӦɭԽ̸ģǵɭŵĸܺղء

ʮ꣬ҲǺɭԽλáֻǣɭԽݣԵǵɭκ·ǰʼѾϻ顣ÿһɭԽζԡ

ˣȷ԰ѹ˾Ӫúܺáɻһ˵ǰй˾˿ԻƷ

ɭԽϵݸղأŵǵģһ١ղˡֱԣе٣ĺôӦֵ֪ǵ١

ղЩΣȻ֪ģͲٿǿǣ
ϴӲ
ղͷˣĬ˼Ӻ󣬻ǵһѺͬ͹

ɭԽ΢΢ףʲô⣬ʱϵҵ顣

̸꣬ղҲûšûȥ͹˾ֻ֮ǰ̲סԼԣо仰Ҳò˵˵ȷΪءˣɲһֱһ塣Ļʧȥܶࡣ

ǰĿѾˣɭԽϲߵĿȣǳһھûٺȡ

򵥺صƵ꣬㱨г̣ܣǩͬƱҶǺģ绹ԺúõϢһ¡

ţ𣿡
Ӧ۴ģɭԽʳԡ
ҡͷûУ硭ܣһýӺ顣
ɭԽ⼸æŵҲæҲ鲻ʱȥ

ܣʵҿ԰æġĪԱɭԽԴӵĿ⣬΢΢ͷϾҲǸŮӦû˽һ㡣

ɭԽתǰĪ壬뵽ûɵƢɫ΢
ãԼȥ




8.     ɺ

ĪЦһӽϡΪһɭԽܹӦ֮ĹϵԸһû뵽ûкɭԽദĻᡣ

ɭԽ߿һֻ꣬ҪܹһλᣬֻҪһλᣬܿˡ
õġĪĿɭԽ뿪

ˣһۣ̫̫ܺܺãﲻҲġһܳܶأѧ
ͱ˵ɭԽ̫ϲŮ˿һΣΪӦĪԸĻҲ
ѧĪһ֮УȷϳˡɭԽϲŮ˴ߣΡ

һѧġĪľ棬ЦЦȻػһ⣬Ҳ̫ߣˮ֪ˮȽϳ𣿡
ˮ𣿡΢΢˼̳̫̫õˮҲġ
лл硣

_

ϲʯרиǸռʯġƽʱôã鲻õʱ򣬾ͻóһһΣɭԽʯ

ɻأϡһܣе¶ֽ˲١ɭԽȫ˺䣬ΨпڴСӡ
ڲʮ࣬Сʱĳ̻صңҹèӹƻû˯
ܡǰͷ׼ͻȻתͷһΪѣ̫̫ˡ

ɭԽʱһԣﻹСӣһ£ûĳѪˡϻμһͨ죬ⶼȾɫ

Ǽ𣿡Ůһ䣬̧ͷȥ

ɭԽվſڣһɫķ£ӲӭŹ⣬Īض˼֮
ɨۺμһòģֻܿļŵŮ˶Ǳײúסüͷ΢ŵ壬̶شŮ⣬š

ǹǩְɡŮǳˣСӵ¡ûгʲô⣬ҲԸͽ⡣Ժ󰡣ǧô嶯ˣ˵⣬Ǿͱ˵ǵú˼Ҵ˴ʲô

ŶŮԵʣŮҲûôأһۣ⻹ˣҪԺˣϧоưֵطҲȥŮֺÿǾưôңȥǸ鷳𣿡

´βˡʵϴ
´ΣǸͲգ

ɭԽ΢٣ֳǱ߿һۡã˶ǵˡҲ޴󰭣·شš

ᵹǹԵúܣŮ˵һ䣬͵ͷģͳúÿỹˣŮ춼ˣˣȻˣǾȥɡԺǧǵãٴˣʲôⲻܽǵö֡

ҪǿͷܽҲˡ

Ůˣ˼䣬תɭԽɣԺ󡭡
̫̫ɭԽǩԼ֣ݸŮ졣
ŮֿһɭԽһͰһȥ˵ġȻϹһ˼ҹո˾ţؼҺúðο

š

ۿһԼϵμһСذμһҲ˲ʣֻۺһ㣬ҲͷһЩԭױݳ׵οէһȥǸŮһֿµġ

Ҵ򣡡μһˣȭ
ƨ˶ˡ۴˴μһûסؼ˯һ
ˣϽסμһ̫̫Сȥɡȸܻȥɡ

ɭԽӽſʼڣһ仰û˵ҲһƬĮˣҲ޶ԡ֪˿϶ˡ

ԥһᣬĥĥŲɭԽԱߣǸ
ȻȥɭԽ仰һͷߡͷҹɫѾˣû룬ӰҪҹ֮С
Ͻȥ

ɭԽǹ˼ȶ̣Ӳûкܿ졣ۺܿϣǣסɭԽ֣㣬ϥײˣϡ
ɭԽĽŲסͷ۵ŵŭ𣬷ӿ룬ȴֱƵѹȥţ

ҲײˣеۣӦû¡۱һ£ײ̨ˡǿˣû˵ͷ
ɭԽٿԿס

ͷææͳԿ׶ɭԽǣܣȴСؼˣ
ɭԽô꣬ٿɭԽ˶ŭʱǺ˽ɭԽɴ˿Ҳ²뷨ڵ̫̫Ϊԭ
۵ַúС7ţԿнȵúܶ࣬鷳ȥһѾ
áͷֲĵؿһˣ˳⳵

һߣľɭԽˡȻԵʻţȴƼһӦŮˡ
Ī壿

ɭԽŲһĪĴڡ·ͻȻֱȻǹ˲Īġں棬Ī϶Ҫǰ档

Լ򳵻ȥѹ˾ɭԽ˼ȫĪϣҲһŮ϶ԻؼҰȫ
õģܡĪ˳֮ǰһۡ

ʲôǴ˸
ͺܲˬˡô꣬һΪһн˾ӾͲ˵ˣɭԽοĪ廹

øʻˣֱܡѳͷ˲ٵ硣
ɭԽ˵ֻǴӳھйһͨĬƬ̣ӡ

ôãȻصҵʱѾǰҹһؼҾԡ壬һľζ֪ʲôζ˵ɭԽˣԼԼ

·ոѹ⣬ϴˮȺģɢǰĲ졣
һҪжױԡҵű㱻˴ƿææסԼأ

顣
ɭԽ߷ɨ۵ȫϥǺѾʼˡͷǿҲǣƤŹ۵ġ֮⣬û˿ڡ

ǰȫ.㣬ߵˡʿջĿ⣬ܿرȥ㡣
񾭲û²һ䡣ɭԽôһԭɵ飬ֽˡ

֮ǰԼ£һȥᣬǲǺ޲Ū뵽֮ǰǸΣЩ
ӣ˼˯ߡ
ɭԽҲѾϴˣŵ绰ͷ˵һ䣬Ҷ˵绰
ɺá

ۣɭԽҪҪô.ޣһ
ͿҩɭԽɨһۣһڶһԱ.ޡ
ƲƲ죬ԹԵȥ̵ƿԼ·¶˵ĵطӽţɭԽߣü۵ʹ

Ϳҩָذšޱȣļ΢΢Ĳ̶ȣЩܲס̲סɭԽȥײϵȴ۵׵Ȼ

ۣҳ֮ǰ˵Ļǵ𣿡




9.  ί   ﻹң

ϻɭԽ֣ᡣһúܺáҩذ࿪
֮ģ˵ɫɫֻĮȻšϲģ˿ȴɵֺ¡

ƲֵһԵޣػشұ¡
ǽ飬ҲܿƵġμһίҪӲܵĻͲˡ

ۣҸպûҲڣѵֵռң㸸ĸ𣿡
ɭԽת˺ü죬ʮСʱķɻصѾƣȴõһʱȥ۵顣
۵Ҫߣ£ԺΪԵԡǣϣܹؼ鷳ķġ

ҶˣﻹңۿһӾͺˡ
Ժͷܴܶ治ɫײۣԻμһȥӡǻصҺ󣬻ñɭԽѵ⡣֯úܺõһҵ˷йһһԵҪȫӿȥ

͸޾ίɭԽָһ٣ûټղŵĻ⣬ϥǡ

ûԴĲ档

ɭԽ·ǺСӣ̶ɵĿƫݣ˯ֿ㶼ȵλá
ϥǱҪһ㣬Щȴûкڡֻ۵Ƥ𪣬ôһȥɭԽЩۡ
ۣûʲôֻϣԺԼҲǸˣСһ²˺

ûģʱûס
ǻˡ

ɭԽԼһСϣ¶ùšԼѾˣȴźۡ
ʲô

ѹʣŬָƽˡ
ܣ۵һʷǻᣬڡѧУǱȽϿģΪŮͬԻɼѧ֣ܳΪ۵ͬ

ܳ಻ڹӸͣƦ˧Ʀ˧ġǻ֪ϲһʱ䡣ףȴ̡ܹ֮һ࣬׵ĳΪͷһҵ֮Ҳûκεϵ
ȻһѧУǸ¥ټϸæѧϰҲûʲôֻǣȻûнǷȴǸ˵ѣ顣˵ܳɼ̫͵⣬֮ҲûзܵϢ
ʵʱ꣬飬Ͳˡֻǽ죬ᵽμһۡ

ʷɭԽҲš뿪һֲٰġ
ˣɭԽ·ãָǺñӣͷҿ

Ҽ£ǽȥˡ뵽۾ƫƫۿǺģȥ־úЦ
ϴ۾ͰױжˡϸۣڼҲʮͣȴһ㶼ԡۿһ죬ɭԽЩû취

Ʋ˿ڴЩۡСصһ̲סקסô죿
ûϵ˵ʲôӣһ

ͷĴʹܿʧŽߵɭԽͻȻЩİо˶κεģ飬Ҳһ
ǹԼģԼ˵Ļǲͣ
ǸɭԽֻῼԼ档ڲ֮ǰԼݡһˣͻǸĮˡ

ʱ䲻ˣҲϽϢɡɭԽҽҩźáϴ֣ϴ
ѾССһֻġͷ̨ƻţķҡ

ɭԽԼЩͷˣѵƹˣ˳ȥתôã˿ȴ˯⣬ԺʶһƬ
ɭԽߵͻȻڣԥ˰Σվʲôû˵

ɭԽۣںܺڰ˯ϰйһ˿мһ죬˽۶һЩ͵ɭԽֱ档
ɭԽȥƮһЩ޵ζס۵ǼĲϣ˯ɡ
ϢشĴƣ˯ȥ

ˣɭԽǼġֻ죬ǲ˭۳ǻᣬһżٻȥҹ
һദڶ¥ϱߵλãѧֺġ￴ȥʮĺӴֵġ

ܣΪʲôҸ׵ȫˣոյſڣŭ俴壬ȴ㹻ɭԽע⡣
㲻ϲ𣬹׷׷ôˣ

ɭԽüۺ
ȻҲвٵŮ׹ԼҵˣŮѿοۣǸŮ

һӾͱˣɭԽ·һһվ۵켣֮⣬ͷܽ飬ϰɫĻɴ
޸ˣ
ɭԽɫĮˡ

ܸǻͰŮĶŪ󣬶˵Ҫ֡ԣԼҳˣŪ˹⡣
ôҲǴСʶڣĮ۵Ԩ

ֻֻ
ξһȫʧߴ۲̽ͷϵֻ
ġ

ܣû˾һǵȥ̸
ɭԽһֻѾʮһˡһ׼ǳת˺ü죬һʱ仹Щ
Ϲȥ

˵绰оСȱ۲Թһ䣬ˣϽȥϰࡣ
ߵû۴ӱ̽ͷ绹£ҲżĿⶨؿ

㿴ʲô
˰ɣǼ£Ѿƪ
ǰΪʲôϲܡ
ֻǻŮǣһΪҲǷˣȻε˽顣

ٲ¡ط˸ۣңҲϲ˰º𣿡
ʱͻСϿƫֹͯüξΪϿԵעֻͽȻ
ԸʣֻᶺŮӿģҲͣʮѣῼôࡣ

Ժ棬ͷð̸㴦һһؼң˿˾
ճУѾϰˡӦءšһͷ˯

ʱոչʮ㣬ǿɭԽӰļϽӭȥܣ㻹øϷɻھ͹ȥ
ɭԽͷˣ

ģСʵѾ˳ǷǱߣ˵Ǵ˼Ůȴûλã޹⣬ȴͷˡУСľ¡С㵱ʱͼˣ̫̫һ£бһ£ſˡ

ɭԽμһľûȤֻѾӡô˵ڶԼҵˡδҲ̫

ܣ
ɭԽ̧ۣżۿ

Ҫܶ




10.  .ǽ   ׼.

飬ѾɭԽѹҲ֪ͯõСϢ˿ξܣһοƷ
ʵ۶СˣҲ㲻ϴܡֻǻ֮ͷһ˼¡Ǿưɵϰ鲻ԾԲű˾

һҹ۶ͷϵʵѾˣֻǿˡͷҲʲôͯһǽأˣ᲻ܿƵֱֱµ
㣬أ˭۸ҽˣҪᵽ趼ʶ

ûסЦֽݸͯŰ۸ȥ
ҿԡͯ߬Сȭͷһȭڴ
ͯεεӣӳпʼѧϰȭѧʱѾǺڴֻȥССһֻʵûʲô

֪ˣֻ˵飬СٹܡͯԴһԸ緹ԹԻȥϿΡ

ʲôҲűҴꡣڽǰСӣǰװ찡ңлжŮأһءϴѧ֮󣬾Ͳ׽ˡͯһ䡣

ʷἰһҶˣѵҪҺһ
ǽ㣬ܺͯһǸСӡ˵ˣСʼͲϿǰˡⶼˣȻҲ־ٶ

ҲǲԡͯصһŽ㡣
۱Цˣһ٬СͯͿҪǸкӣû׼ϲˡ
ͯĬĬûһҲҪᶪȥ޵ġ

ۣɵøϽ극ȥܻһˡ
ȻǣɭԽ˵ҪæҲ֪ʲôʱŻֻǲô˵ĻͯҪɼǵæһĿÿ춼ܸϡ

ھߣͯ¼ɭԽȥޣϵߵſֻͷĵһ䣬㣬⼸ˣúˣ㡣

۷˼ԼǲǿЦͷˣҶģ򲻻ᶪȥ޵ġ
ǿ˵֮ǰǰѽϲǸ˶ɲȥޡ

ͯһߣְѾˣϴˡ⼸ȽϻĵӰʳؿ
ٹһʱ͵ùˣ˺ʵӰȫһ飬һPPTȱ㻹гֵһ𷢸

һӰ꣬۴򿪵ԣ˼ȴƮϡ·ͻȻԼҲ˵ƣЩ£Ī岻ӦóɭԽźˣĪ嶼ˡ
ûмǴĻɭԽǴȥġ·ɻ͹ԣһΣĪҲһˣ

ۣɭԽ΢š

ϵĺ̸ú˳ҲɭԽжɭԽսӴϣ鶼һǺϣܿᣬණ飬ɭԽǼǵõġ

ص칫ңĪһɭԽӹļϸȵĹ㱨
صɭԽ꣬ܣϻи̸Ҽ£ܲ٣
ԡɭԽսϿʼһֱ¡ôˣ飬ѡ

ллܡ˼٣ȥѽһꡣ
ɭԽ̶ĪĹ㱨꣬ӴĿ

ɭԽֻ֪Ĺ涨ÿҪһ㱨Աڽķչʲô뷨Ժϼһ㱨Ӷ΢ǵŻְ

Ī˵ͷ˾һˣҵĹҲһֱһЩ顣

Ұĵͦصġ
ɭԽһŮ˽޷Ǿǿϸƽ£ᴦñ˸һЩû뵽ǷĪչˡ
һ㰲Ŀ
ֻҪĪ˵Ҳǿܹˡ

ллܡĪһ˿⣬ֲɫǰһȻȥˣҿԴ棬Ͼⷽ棬֮ǰҲй顣
ãȥ֪ͨ׼
õģܡ

ĪߣɭԽſֻϵ¼

ۣôĪȥˣС˰ɣйŮ졭
ۣޣУҾͲĻ
ɭԽûййŮ
ɭԽ˿ô

һղûϢֱӷһƬֱģͷϻֻ࣬Ǳһ㡣
ɭԽؿƬ룬ذ˰Լ̫Ѩ
ðΣֻ

˿ڲأҲѿҪӣʵڼҴ˼졣ѾòˣϸЩɫ
ۼ򵥵Ĩһ㣬Ѿˡ

μһˣ
ۣٵȵȣѾױˡ
μһ

ⱲӶûô飬¸μҵĹܼңһ·è±ȵ¿
ռֻ֪ͯ£μһûôˡ˵ؼҵȵ¾ıţúμһײ˸š

Ϊ˲ȵԼμһĹϵֻȫˡʱȵ¾ʹֱӰμһؼң˽ա
ʵȵһ棬µǣΪܣ᲻ǣǸˡֻѡμһڼſԱܵ˺

ⲻŵμһ˼ܲˣǵųϪڵǼըֻǼըͣÿ춼ԤԼ
ԭȾסһƬĳԳ˷ǵҪ⣬Ͷ˺üСҵҲը˱˺ΪСɶ׬ǮȲ˵Ҫըʱ˵һͺá

һμһȥţˣĥˣһױ
۰һۣͳԵĶ²ס𣿡

Ǳ˼죬μһСƢҲˣдŲ⡣
Ҳûըڲ輸ϣɨһķ䣬ͦģؽҲˡ
һҼͷ극ץȥ˼ܽܣ
֪û

ϿٽۣҪҲǼ͡СѧʼǣֻҪ񣬲Сܵ˵ռҵ˼ǣֻϣ۽ĳɳ
Ҳָ߲ɵͲ͵ӣûʲôŵ㣬ȴҲûʲôԲ顣

μһһҸ˵ҲˣȻǸôţμһʲôˣһ仰嶼ҵһŵ˰ҴܡңôĶ֪

仰۵ǲ
ȵǸӣǷ⼸ҲǺ
ã

֪μһ쳤̾أɭԽû㷢ɣ
ۻ죬һѾŭϻ𣿡
μһ
ۻƷ衣ӲرɭԽˡǸμһ¡

ҲˣμһסԼĻѽã̫ˣʺ𣿡
ۣ

ĵĲٳѧܶࡣỹû¿ΣûεѧҲѡٳ

ǧɭԽţƵеͰǲۻˣûʱˣ

ûУ˾ҪһЩ顣
סͬһݣ۵ĽҲܶࡣȥԸϾʱۿӰֻڿ飬Լˢֻټһεķģûˡ

˾æǧЩˣٶȽֱɢ
ɭԽҲһͣ쵽ˣԻæһЩ
Ҳԣʮһˣ궼ˡǧЦһƻһȥʲôģС㲻æ˵һ֯

ɭԽǶԽβȤֻӣػϲ
βࣿ
аɣ¸¾Ϳˡæʱ򣬿еʱ򡣡ǧûʲô󱧸ϾˣʲߣҲæ

ɭԽšһҪţкǰܡ
ͬʮ꣬ô;ʢأǧںͷţͣˣȲϡ
ʱɭԽȦˡɭԽͣ½˸绰ǧܹȥô˾ˣ

ɭԽ׼.ӡ
ǧûӦʲô
Ҫ.ǽ






11.  氲   ۣ.

˵˵㱳ʱ򣬺ȿˮԣ۾ˡ

ȵԭļƻȥسܻû뵽ʱ·߲ˣгҲ͸ˡ
ȵ¾ֱӰμҴŲȫˣֱùܼҴμһȥ鷿̸۽ﵽԺȻ֣ȫˣ
ԭȵܼҲ֪ȥˣϹܼһ顣

Ҹ׼.
ɭԽվΧ⣬һĮؿǰ֪ۡΪʲôͻȻеЦ͸Եģųȥô.ǽ
ôǰû֣۲ǲЩʡŶãָ¡
Ǿȵµڰµؽõİ취ʡð쿴ֵ÷졣

ȻأҪ巢֣û£μһƽյʱֵüӳȵ¶㲻ǹ˼ռҺԼңǿͿġ

ɭԽһʱ֪˵ʲôȷúܣͦ塣ǰΪμһˣֹμһǵҪ.ǽ
ֻǣμǸС㣬ҲʲôƲ硣ɭԽμһӡ󣬻ͣڻ󳳴ϡûʲôỨǮһ۸ȥ
ӳпʼëûſ󹬡ǵû٣ڵȴǱ֮ǰʤһ

վŰ.أ۴ߴٵ˭֪ȵ»᲻ͻȻ
ɭԽһۣˤҲҪˣ
˿ɲֳȳҲˤһӡûŲмۻȥ

û£ǰо顣
Ͼӿһ㲻˵ģҲ͸࣬ʶʹڣϿҲֻľͺ֮ҲƫΪǵע

ɭԽɫЩ²ԡ
ۣ
ˣɭԽˡ
һӾˣۿؿһΣһȥ֮һԹڼң¡
Ҳ°ɣΪ߲嵶ֻû뵽ƫôһ㡣

ҵطáɭԽɨۣ򣬻û˵ʲô

˸λõסԼһᣬŵɭԽϹܼӭšֱ߽Żһֱš

۸Ͻ˳ȥܿͿɭԽĶţϳңԿڳֵס
Կ״򿪸ʻۻղԼΪɵ
ˣĶˡڱԼжʱҪ󹬵£ˡ

μһװģȥҰֲ֪ʲô裬ԺӶȥˡ
΢΢ֻ߬ȵºܳμһ˳šһμһ֮ȵ£Űڼ

ڳϵһᣬ۲ſɭԽô˵ҲɭԽæģ̣صð˷ǻȥܳˡ϶ˣһȥ㰴ĦĦ

ɭԽšһʣûְɣ
ôû֣ԺﶼǼأȵûؼҶܷѾˡֻռҵĴС㣬ԼӣԲû˵ʲô
뵽ղŵһУɭԽûסߵŮˣۣ𣿡

һ䣬ֱӸˡôݵ氲ѡ˲֪
ڵɭԽͦµģŭģҲʲôƢֱ˻ȥ
Ȣ˸ϣԲ𣿡

ɭԽ
ͦԲеģԶӡƼһòеӡ뷢ģȴЦ

ʮŵ⻹ǵһô뾭ѵһЩԼ벻顣ģֻ֮࣬ȴ־Щ΢Ȥ
Ϊദˣ˼Ҳƫ

һ·ĬŻؼңҲһӵĻ֪Լ¶࣬ÿһζġֻԼѣôɭԽΪˣ
˵ǽˣμһˣȥμһûԭμһⱲ϶ĽãҪ

ɭԽϴûۣϿյģӻûеӡ
ַˣ
ɭԽüֱͷߡ

ۻţָžžવظμһϢϵɭԽɭԽʱ򣬸պÿһ仰ףһû
ɭԽһֱڴϡͻȻһ飬ۼæתͷȥסԼֻĻҽ˯ͷ

ʲôɭԽüУƢǴ󡣡
ɭԽһֱ֪ԼǸ壬ǰѾı˺ܶԼԭֻСȴһֱô⡣

һʱ䲻֪ôشɭԽʵƽʱɭԽӣƶֻսֻɭԽƺûϴһֻ˵

ɭԽûԺ£ֻӡ
۱˱죬ҲûмƢǿʼ˼ԼǲǴŵˣ
ûСɭԽֻǾЩ棬ȻȴҲ鲻û˿Ҫӣ۵ȥ

أůˡ
ţطҲС

䣬ռʮǱͫһûüƿɭԽѾ·°̽ȥϸ֫

һԵֻһ£ֻ˶Ͼ˼
μһǺǣҾ͵ñĨɾ

˯ѹۻμһϢչһЩʹҲûʲôˡ
ɭԽҲˣÿ궼ϴ谴Ħһһ鶼ǲġʱʲôҪ󣬴඼ǿӦµġ

һ۾еԼûذ˯ǲϣǰȫСݮ
˾ôʢڰ޵ڶȥϰ࣬Ҳ˿롣
һܾΣȻ濸ס

һë£۶ɭԽԼ׼޷¹Լһϡһι˺ˣʱ䣬Լһϵꡣ

˺ʿذѲ˵˹ȥһۣ٩ڣˣ
Ƶؿһۣûҹˣۡ
ǣһĽܲˡҲرϧ㡣

ۣ
Ƕ使ϧ

һߣɭԽ̸Խ̳ǵԲƽ̨Ӳ죬Ҳڹ˾Ī忴ŵ㣬ӡ
õܡ˵ͷЩ棬ƺĪ飿

ڰˣֻҪҲҰġɭԽ̣һΪأֻҪĪﵽҪߣҲǲԡ
ˡһῴĪġ
иֵĹҲǲֻǣܾãĪ˼ϴγʱѾоһΡĪܹ;֪湤Ļ

ǲ̫̫𣿡ۼؿۣʶصһ䣬Ĺɣ֮ǰ̫̫˵Ҫ͹˵飬ʱҲˡ
µҪ飬ɭԽ֪˺㲻Ǻ֪ĵݣһҲСڼҲе÷ţȥʵĹһ£Ҳ

ɭԽȥ˺ܶ࣬
˺һᣬûõɭԽķӦҪߣ˵һ




12.  Լ   ұ

ɭԽ߶ָ꣬ơɭԽĸֿѡ
ֻôˣһֱܸͬܡɭԽУ׿һ硣

ΧİˣҲ֮ˡǶɭԽ˵Ŷһġֻһˡ
һֱǸ壬Ϊģֻ磬ֻһˡ

ߵһ̫̫촩ǳɫĴ¡

ɭԽ۽һЩŴ߿ȥͷž籾ˣͷ̣ܶ޳ִ۵ľ籾ϣ˵ʲô

׽ɭԽ뷨һ䣬ܣҪҪȥк
ãع˾

軹УҴ壬ÿﶼѪġ۸һۣĲǸ𣿡
ĵӾ磬඼ġ籾ȻҲиߣǸȴǼҹ塣繹úܴ󣬶ǾһССİ

ۣ֮ǰҪҺԼĶλŮʺϸĸߡΪұˣҵھ顣˺㲻ָҵʵ𣿡

۵ͷĿ⿴ͷ
ǰЩ񣬹˺ͷȥ治һЩ·ˣʲô
Һ񿴵ɭԽˡֻһӰ㱶ԼҲȷ

ڣ˺٩һ䣬ܻͦġ
ɭԽ۵飬ȦҲ̸ˡֻǹ˺һ򿴵ñȽɭԽȢֻۣһպáѡ
Ȼͬģ
ȻϷޣͷҪװĻǵüװ

˺Ҳǵ籾ûȥٿĽɫϾо顣
۵һʽɫۣҲûƤЦӦؼС

_

ĿĪ壬ǲĵؽһ䣬ҪʲôģʱҡܼҲˣĿ
õģлл硣
ɭԽˣӦһܹˡĪһֱΪ֮ŬҪһһĳΪɭԽұֱۣɭԽҲ벻

ˣҼǵѧѧһʱұǱиĪпյĻܲܰæнĻһᰴչ˾㡣
иڵСڣһֱܳһⲻʲôС˵ǵȥŪһƷ

ԵġĪǳЦĩһʱģʱϵһҾС
鷳ˡ

뿪ǼܽһϤζƫͷȥĪ㻻ˮˣ
ţϴγģ𣿡
ŮˮǺϤֻǾúϤһʱ䣬Ҳ벻Ź

գɭԽݼ٣˯˸㿪ԼҸϡ

һǰأΪ㰲ԸɭԽ˻顣Ȼ˵ͦȥˣ٣ֻ϶ȹ
ԺԺŰס˽ƽʱٺɭԽҲǣ²Żȥһˡ

˵ɭԽҲǵģ۶ôˣڲſϴ˻ҡ۵֣ϸشһˣǲɭԽûչ˺㣿
裬Ů˲źÿǹʵġЦȡ
ʵҲԺ˼̫ϲǹ֪岻ãҲϣŰľ

Ҿ;һÿͬһΪҩԭѾ֮ǰϵúܶ࣬Ⱦ˰׷۾ﶼżģСûˡɭԽҲǵģԼš
ɭԽҪǶǾǼˡƽʱԷǸԸģ˵Ŀζһ̻϶ǰζֿġ
²ţתͷúɭԽĿײһ˲

ɭԽ˵µ׾ȥˣǺͰǶС۰

ţһӵġڼңҲԼҵʲôģȻۺܿءҪǣԼΪһȫְ̫̫Ĵڣ춼ΧɭԽһɭԽˣ͸ɵúܡ
˺ˣȻ࣬ڵġߣҲѧܶණҪԺͻȻѪҪˣʱɭԽͶʵʱҲһ

˵ͷӵ飬ҲܣҪ˾ͻɭԽ㣬Լˡ
ǿ϶ġˣҲɭԽš
ôһ룬۾Լٱֵúһ㡣ôɭԽԼĽһˣ̸ֻܾȥ˯ˡ

ʱ䵽ˣҴ¥ϢһֱԱߵԺͻȻڣִڰϣѯ
ʶԱŲһ㣬ɭԽס˳ΪֱӰԼߡ

ǺòһΣûµġ
УӰ㡣ԺԲϵżֵǣСۺɭԽ㣬ڵȥϢˡ
ԺҲѾʮ࣬ȻǱģԱ޽¥ݣճ¥

˵¼ҲһЩ
Ժ겻ǸСӣԼĴСݺ˽Ϊ˲ŰԺһ·λá
⣬ֱӶ˵еȫɭԽԼŰ
ɭԽֱ׼ģĸԼǸ⡣

ЦʲôɭԽһ㿴淭
۸оһЩԹãЦ㰡㸸ĸǲǴСӣ

ãǰæڼҵʱҲࡣϸ֮ǰԺͰæŹеʱһ²ؼҶġ
ڣһۣûôյˡȻۺܲɭԽʡģҲòϡ㲻һƣƺҲô⡣

ҡͶȥһͬ񣬡û£Ժ㡣ģǵһλ
ϾǿɭԽģۻĵðɵһλŵģùġ

ɭԽûӦѴȫϣְڵ¶ȵáɭԽҪϴԱŲһЩ
һȥĵطůġֻ߱һЩϻЩ䡣䲻ģһůˮ˹
ɭԽͷȥüģشůů

ѵ类ġɭԽѹסۣѹȥ
ոճζ۱㼱ææƿҽڣԡѪս𣿡
һˮͻȻɭԽſۣߣҪ˯


Уһ䣬ô䵭
˵ˣôҲ˼˼ظůůӰɣٲãͷοҲа

ɭԽĬ룬
ʲô
ûͣ˹ֱۺ䣬˸䲻䣿

һ˲䣬.̶۵ĸӲģǵǲǲģ̵ͦġ
Ҫ㻹䵭ɡ
ԼԲ






13.     ΪǮ˧

Щϴڴ˺ܾöû˯ţǲɭԽ˵˯⡣
չߵ㣬۾ͱɭԽѡԺϴһ¥Űժװӡ

ĻԺںŪһƬĲݵأƽʱֻеúܡԴӳ׷֮ԺͲٹϵ顣
ô룬ɭԽŶʮ͵öһ棬ҲͦҵġĶʮ꣬һ޳ɣֻỨǮҪȥӹܹ˾Ʋ͵ˡ

۰ⶬ쵽ˣɭԽƽʱæչ˲Լɵö࿴ŵҲʮˣӹǲС
ûסЦʵɭԽϣʮѣõֻ꣬͡ôһ룬ƺеϡ
ãҲעⱣůϻЩˣöഩ·Сˡ

Ҳǹ֣岢ûôġ¶ȴһֱڽҲ֪ĩʱ򣬻᲻ѩ

ۡͷɭԽһ氲ϵ̺ӸǺã裬ҽȥһˡ
ͷһۣԺʼնڰߣšİ飬ĽȴҲ֪

ӣůģףɭԽ߹ȥҸ
̸Ϲϱȳԡ
ۿζƫ𣬾ͺСŮһϲһСʲôġȻɭԽĿζȴƫڼҵʱ򣬰ֻСʵڲУֿ
ûθڣͺ˵࣬һᣬҲòˡһƿ£극ȥ

緹ˣ绹¡Ϲϱˣ¥ðؼҡ
ޡ
ǰܾɭԽ̫䣬ЩڽӴͻȻãôͳһеĻǲҲǸůˣ

Ժϸļÿһ仨ɭԽ߹ЦЦҪȥˣ
ţ绹£´ɭԽڰǰ֮ǰ˵˯ȣҽ˵ҩ˯֮ǰǵóԡҲǣЩ¿ԽȥΪҲˣע⡣

ٲǵˣúܺãҲûʲô⡣Ҫ˵ĲµģžԼĶˣɭԽ¡˵𣿡
ûɭԽ֪ôȥڣ׽֮ˣ֪ܡ
֮òҪܣǸúӣġ̾

ӣʲôõġΨȻģȴҲ㹻ҲӹƧ˶ʮۣ꣬߳ҲûŮˡ
ϣԼ֮꣬ܿɭԽҵԼҸ

Լһ֮۱չ˺ü죬ؿʼ˼Ľɫ
ʵҲһСҡɻ֮һֱԼӡ
˿ɲֻһ棬˺Ҫȥ׵ؽɫͱпɱһ档ǼϸڴҲҪֳ

˵ʲôо飬ǽ˸飬Ϸ
μһڹؽգ⼸鶼ãÿκ춼ԹҲ֪ôˣһϿʼϵˡӣ˶ûˡ

һֱ˼ϣ۳Է⡣ľ˺࣬ٹ˺֮ǰ̸һ
ҲǳϹ˿һܣǳֱӶˣ˾û̸˵˵ˡ

ѵôɭԽҲֵС󣬱ȥ鷿顣ûã۱㱧ž籾Žһؿ

ɭԽ˵һŮλˣи𣿡
ʲôֵľ籾
ɭԽüѡ
ǸӣôࡣѾŵһ汦ӡ

ۣһΪȨȥȢһŮˣ֮ĵλѾƽȡ£ѰϡǲҲ⣬ϰߡɭԽǵһôĺԼ顣ھ籾棬üͷݺݵšϴ裬۽ǶģԱߵССһŵġ

Щˣĸӵ㡣Ϊ֮СĲ죬۾ǲһġһʼãѾ¸
أΪʲôȢңֲϲҡ
ɭԽûش𣬷Ϊʲô޸ң

ΪǮ˧ϸŵ㣬ôҶҵʱҲûϲˡ
ңǺлԼˡһ֪һǱĬ۵Ժ棬ΪɭԽҪˡأһжˮɡ
ɭԽɫ࣬ˣ
Ժ˸ţͷæɡ

ɭԽǲæϾʱῴѡԭҳ˳ŵм
ߵûߣֻٵش֡
ɭԽִһ˲ɭԽƼ۵׵ǣղ˵ѣҲǲܶ԰ɣ


š

⣬дһ˺дˣ˺ͷͦģһֱ˾Ȼѵõؿ佱䡣

μһӣˡ
ȵҲķ˻ģⶼˣμһôȣϷȥҲʵ˺ܶ࣬ԭܵϢ뻹ա

ۣô˵
μһ£˵ܽ
ۣãҲˡȥ·ô͹ȥ
ϸμһ˼׺˵Ѿˣȥһ¡

μһʲôͣڼҴ˭
üըëطһϢһοıɭԽӰ࣬°˹Լ

ɭԽȷӰ࣬Ҳôæ϶ˣһ򵥵Ļ飬ģôż
ظһʼ½ǵС־ϵɭԽ㿪鿴۸ոշͼƬ

ۣÿ
ˣģ˳μһĺԴˡμһƬ֮ͻȻҲɭԽһš
ɭԽһۣ·ܾĴҲǡϣƫغɫĿں죬۽ǿ룬ʧ

ɭԽչͷ
ۣ
ۣ°˹ңҽãԷλ
ɭԽ˼˼룬˱档
һʱ䣬ĵ࣬ûе°ʱ䡣ֻʣµҲżѵʱ䣬ȥ۵Ҳ޷

յɭԽϢʱѾ»һ׺ƼϢ·ûüҴææسȥ
̳ܴ󣬷λãһ޴Բοաߵ¿ɭԽѾˣһŮ˵Ż
з
۴ӷȥСܵɭԽߣԭǸŮѾˣôô磿

ûʲô¡Դۻûкúõ֮ۡǰԹ䣬֮ɭԽҲûзϡɽʱ䣬
ǸŮڨģۻղţǸŮ׻Լͬ

ɭԽҡͷֻ·
ۿȥѾһȸղŵغܶ࣬۽ǵ뱻覵סˡ
üҪ

ۻԼױݡЦĻױƷλ𲽣ϵױ˵Ҳλ˷ѡ
벻ҪڡɭԽķزţֱ¶ǿ룬ͣ֡
òУ·ÿ촩ҲˣױҪ棿޸Ȩû

ܺÿ
ۣ

ˣõĴһٸǡ




14.  ð   Ƕһκ˶һ

һ۵Ūμһ·ȻصʱɭԽ绰
ţȻҹȥһˡ

˵û
С㣬ףò졣ԱţŶ΢΢һЦ
ᣬۿֻĿ̧һЩһźȥҲǴѧոձҵмģҲδʵۡ
лл۳˵ͷ

ֱʣǡͯĽϴ˶ῴ
ɭԽĿһ٣һ

СͯͬѧҲ̫ͯоˣǰҲǸոմѧӡ
æҡͷΪţ϶ȾһǳɫǴҵѧ㡣
۵û뵽ƽʱͯڵĺѧУܶһ档

ɭԽѾ˵绰ۿһۣ΢΢˵ͷ뿪
ȻҪع˾
ţ顣ʱиļ˲ڵ绰һҲ˵ؼҡ
ãҺȥ˾Ҳû¸ɡ

ھǸˣͲеؼҲһˣô󣬹ġɭԽһȥ˾й

ֻǣ֪ɭԽҪӰൽʮࡣôһʼԻԥػؼҡ

칫Һܴ󣬲輸ɳˣΨûϢҡЩ籾ûֻܰˢֻ
ǳɫرڣһƬڿů¶ã۳һɳ⡣
˵ʲôйһ˾ɭԽȥҿᡣСʱˣӰûšôڼȥϷΣ¡

ɭԽҲû뵽һС⣬ܹôáֱǱߵĹй⡣
ܣһȥһˣȷ㡣
һߵһɭԽ˰칫ңĪǱߡ
ɭԽһۣ졣УǸȻߵǰ塣

ۡɭԽغ֡˯㣬Ҳֻššüǳǳ
ɭԽֱӽֲŸ˯Ů˱㲻غֻգ˼룬ᱧۡ
ľĬĬظɭԽš;Ī壬Ҳһ漴ĬĬصͷȥֻǺСشһк

ף˵ɭԽۣ۶ɭԽ˵Ƕһκ˶һ
ֻһ㣬ɭԽԼܶס

-

ٽ鹤ɭԽȥгҡûˣ۱һռҡ

ۻԺɨ۽Ц⣬Ҳ֪㣬ԽԽ䣬ɱˡ
ⶼǼӺء۳尢ЦЦ趼𣿡
ǰ֪صˣ͵ˡ

۵ͷֺͰ˵仰ԺһصҶԭʢĻҲΪܲסݺ䣬ήл

ҲҪͷͯⶫȻů壬Ǿ͸㡣һͰҲ٣ҸҪ
⺢ʲôСӣҺҲѰһСǸȻȸ㡣ʱҪУǿ϶һŸůӵҩȥ㰡ͱˡ

۽Ųһ٣ƿžܽȥȴ̤벽
ϿԵỤţûпǣһݵƫһֱͯǵҪһѡԶǴҪһ
ͯǰԶԵϿ֮䣬ȴǸһ͸ǽһߣȴԿ

̴ɨҶ׼ȥӦýȥȴ˻ôۣ
ɭԽǱʱе£ҵùȥһˡ̣ȻҺͰ˵һҸǡ
ҲûʲôĸоǴСϰˡǾǾܣȥԡ

ⶼˣܳ극ҶʳˣȻܸԵ㡣ЩãӶųġԴѧ֮󣬾ͿʼĴ֮١ͯȽңÿܶûһˡ

Ṇ̀´ΰɡ̾һûϢáᴵ˵磬ԴЩˡ
Ȼм£Ҳˡ̾Լչ˺Լ·öഩ㣬Ư֪𣿡
ۿһ죬šһҴȥĨһʪۿ紵ֹסشһ硣

ʵ˵͸ĸԼˣͻȻˬԼʵûòֻǵ˹ɵŮżڱƽԴʱҲҪԼһ롣
ָͯһ΢ţؽһҷꡣ
ո£ʹһɢۣ

ʱáݣ۶˷ܵĴڡῴⲻҪ챻Ƶһѡûʲô󰭣ײۡ
ǻԸ󡣡ȱȱ˺ˮһߡ

Ҳͷǰֻۣ档۱ԼңûȤңҲܿҪ뿪ˡ
ڹòɭԽɽǲ֪ɭԽܹá
飬۲ףǲҲڹҪ˵۳úÿֻǳģģûʲôŵ㡣
ɭԽλλʶŮ˶ȥˣҲ֪ôħˡ

ǻҪʧˣҼɭԽһӡ
ü΢䣬Խͷܶ˵һ仰ԽԼԴʲôëŻῴôһǴֻŮ˵У

Цһ·ʱһ䣬תμһҪˡ



һجΣٴ亹ʪ˲ӡһѣطŶ
ʵҲǲ̫嵽εʲôֿ־У¡շתģô˯þ

ſڴ΢죬۴롣űƿɭԽӰǰϻżƣ롣ɫһĮȴ۰˼֡

һֱֱȥĨһѶͷϸ˸ɭԽ
Ҳ죬ɭԽֻһСӣ򵥵·һЩļн񱣬ϲھƵϴ··ɴװ˲Żóϴ

⸱ү磬ɵࡣô˼ǸҲǼľƵ꣬ôɭԽٰ
ɭԽԣһۡ·ãֱӽԡҡỹ磬ϴ˳˯⻹Ũɻشϡ
ԡҵŴ򿪣һۣȻŵʱǵðѿϡ

ϢɭԽűͷҵزһ¾Ͳɽ
бҪһЩͬһȥأصƵҲע⡣˯һͷؽᡣûзգֻЩظð

ðˣֻҲˣűȥߵɭԽҸ㵹ˮ
۶ԳһϲͨҲֻˡɭԽˮΨһˡ
ţ˾͵öˮ

áɭԽʶģֻǾͷѣȴûʲô˯⡣
ߵۣ۽ǵǿԣСɣ״ҲͿںʱֻǳǳķۡÿδ֮䣬ϲ
ӦǺܺÿģڹ˾Ҳ佱۳Ư

ɭԽҲ׳绢ܲסҲһʱ䣬촩Сȹܣȴˡ
ۿϡ棬ϸָظɭԽüۣʮȻǲˣԺҪҪҸģÿݽţӶȺġ
ҪǷƽۿ϶ô󵨣޷ǾǳԶɭԽκβ

У
ɭԽۣԼץҵۣĬ룬ѹסۡ
ת̫죬۷ӦѸ١ɭԽ岻ҲȲɭԽ
ۿ΢ıҪѹ۸ϽסԼͣҲðᴫȾ

ҲɭԽȻǷޣֻϷޡ
иͬˣѣԼɡ




15.  ͻ   ˭ˣ

ɭԽҲûֻǿNɪӣⲻҪŻһЧﵽҲټ̶¡
̫Ѩʹŵģÿγ;֮󶼻һ߶ȼе״̬صҺ󣬺ܾò

ˣ
ؿһߵɭԽǱƽʱ˲٣ҲûϢô࣬ǰͷʪţĶͷëϸܣһӰ
Ϸ޹ϷޣǶۻǺϲġ

ɭԽ
ţ
ôԸУصı֮󣬷ˡ
۵Сһ£µؿ

ģӡһǡ

ԭյ۾ײȥƼССԼɭԽ۾ܺÿƽʱȻʱ򣬷·¹⡣ڴս˿ͬҹĻеǡ

ᴫȾɭԽ˵ôһ䡣

Ȼأ
۲ŵصǰˣС˵Ũأ
ֲôǶʮ.ϴУòǰɭԽ

ղҲͿֶĥ˯ȳԷϸ㱻ɭԽݺݵؽšȵ⧲ؾ;˹Ĵݼ䣬޼ɵغɨš
ԡո³һ֣ݺܿ챻ɭԽסҲ˵κһ仰ЩʧأšĴݺȣʱʱɨ򦣬ĸо

ֱɭԽ뿪ۻЩ¶ûع
Դˣ

ǵöˮԤðɭԽ˳ͳУ˸ۣҪ֮ǰ𳳡
ۣޣУ
ҪıȾðˣҲˣ

ɭԽıӰ룬۶һҲɭԽ֮ͻȻһ죬粻ϵع
ԥ˼룬ĵŲһ㣬ɭԽıϡ
춼û˯þһϰ߶˯ۣ˸ɭԽȴͻȻðȫк㡣ʱ˯ȥ

-

ɭԽܣ۾Ϳʼˡصڽȥ͵һСʱ
Ҳǹȥӵģʽľ鹤Աô׼ʱ

ǰڹʱҲĹС̾硣Ǵ඼ʶ̾磬豸ûС⻹۵һοʽءÿŶæԼĹµģڹ˺ߣǸСѾһ

˺պӰԺþͷǶȣͷͿԱű±ɵվ˹֣۷˸ۣܹȥ
һֱŮǣҪҸ㰲һݣ
ǵһ죬˺Ҳ࣬˲ۡæһ磬ҲǵһС

ҶϷûȤҡͷҲǺϲͷ¶Ĺ̨ϣñôͷ㡣ҾԸ⣬ɭԽҲͬ⡣
˺Ҳ˵˵ûĽȦɵǳϷԸӰߣһ¾ͷôתġ
۵ͷҪѧĶܶࡣȻû£ǹʼǶд˺üҳ
˺˵ˣһƿˮšڣ治סƵꣿ䶼㰲źˣһһҲ۵ûš

ûӲԹ涨ϰʱ䣬Ǿŵ㵽ġߵ͵ˡ°ʱ䲻̶ʱĵ߰˵°඼ġһģ˺͵סھ档

ҲһСʱ̣ۡϴȻûɭԽֽ񱣬ҲϲסھƵ档ɭԽרŵ˾Ȼһ㣬ҲùһסھƵ档
˺Цһ˵˵ȥ᲻üλ
Ͼڹʱ򣬿ûôҡһ굽ͷˣڶؼҡ

ǰ˭Ҽɫء۽Цһ۵״ż⡣
˺Ƕ񺮵ض˶壬ԱŲ˼㣬֪ĻΪǱ顣
˼ҶûȤ΢Ц
ţɭԽ˳ģȻеʱܹð

˺һۣһ䣬ûǴɭԽʮߣ͸úҲࡣ
⵹ǡţɭԽʮˡ
һ۹˺Ǳòϸ֮䣬۽ǻǻкǳϸơ£Ȼһս˭㲻
ͷɭԽúñˡ

һչ磬ǸԱһڡûھԲߺзҲûʲôӪζ

ɭԽؼˣ۸˳ʹһĹǷһվţȻûʲô¸ɣҲͦ۵ġĵĶľ٣ýŶǽӲġ

ܽȥμܵˣһŻ

۲̣ǶλҲһЩŵġΪƣ˿û˵ļթƻϲСǡȦҲ𾴡
ûмǴĻɭԽڵʱ򣬻ܹܵĶݡռҲǣǰʽ⣬Ҳλְܳæ

ǰ̳ͣһ¡

-

ܵʮ٣ٰú¡ءĲٶϤףϿԵȻҲ˵ġ
ʵֳϣҪġֻϿһ򲻻ѹ˾´Ͽе飬ͲҪۺͯ

ϵ磬ǺϿԵкܻǵƼһƵص۱úÿˣһǵóǻᣬǼ쵷ء
ưɣеЩʷⶼ˾֪ˡ

ǿɲǴˣТ˳ԵЦŲؽһ䣬ϻ˵㶼ſˡҲǵģԸܻʱ䣬ԺɲˡСͯ컹ģþء

Ǹ裬ϴ£ұ֤úõͰ֡ǸһЦҲǵ˼ſڣŷԼĴЩˡ
ϿҲӴˣҲ˵ˣ۶ڹˣҪȥҲǰСʱ·̡
ȷСʱ·̣ҲûͯǱߣÿܶȥЩԵġ
һ˵˻Ựܴ˸кĬĬ뿪

һȦûƼɭԽӰ԰ˣɲӰҪھһֻûˣҲڵϹܡ
μģۻ·òСۿҹɫԽԽԷѰңͣǱߡ

ܣȻ˵˶һģΪʲôŽң

Ϥһģһ̧ȥĿ֮Ѿ˲ԶĪ塣վ·֮£Աθߴ󣬱
Ů˵ôô

Ī壬ѾˡɭԽǲɤ
ŭðɣ⻰Ȼ滰ôôѻأ
ʲôѾˣû

֮УĪҧŴĵزɭԽ֣֪Ҳ⡭
⣡
Ѿȥˣǰɤҹ䣬

ĪС㣬˭ҵˣ




16.  ִ   һֽԼҲ

Ե·Ʋ, ̻ɫĵƹ۵ϡʢȻҲǾĴһ˫µǰɢ, ţĪмͱ˵ӡ

ô𣿡۹ɨĪŵ֣ҪԶ֣

ĪָһЩ֣ܿİ, С㡣
ΪɭԽ, ֪ɭԽһǰġŻ, û뵽ۻͻȻ֡

ɭԽһ, 򴽣ͷߵߡɨ۽ǵ, ˺һᣬŵ, ôˣ
ͷ, ֲϲֳ, ɭԽһǲġϲĪ壬ײˣ϶á

ĻôܿһĻ
μһȻ˵û, ˾Ҫͻ飬ֲܷԾ
ȻǱ˻һ޲ðǰ˸һ, ڻˣҲֻ

ȶ⣬ڶڡ

۱Ӻ飬ոմսᵽĪϵζûǴǰõˮ
ˮܶ࣬ɢɢһҲϰƿɭԽֻƽ͵ġΪ̫࣬ÿһƿֻڡҲˮֺλãԲ۸סˡ

Ǳץ˰ѱһ㣬ĪЩΣţϴκܳʱģСϲ
΢Цᡣ
ǴڿʼᣬƷƶؼҾͰƿˮˡ
ղŵĻĪСܲ˵һ飿ƮƮģŭ⣬ȴƫƫĪ岻Ծش˸

С㣬ҡĪҪȥʲôתһ룬ϲɭԽ
۶ɭԽ˽٣ʮ˻һ޳ɣֻܿɭԽŮˣ˼Ȳﲻǿ
ϲܡĪһֱͦ忴ۣСܴ˽⣬һҲģĻ綼롣
ûϲһ˲ɳܣֻҪɭԽܹѡĪͷܣҡ

ɭԽ䲻ͷشĪǴ뷨ϣͿȥ񲿽Ĺʡ
УҴӲŮˣĪСҲҪսҵĵߡ

ĪһɭԽһ࣬µҲĲ顣Ϊٻһġ
ΪԼ֪ܶɭԽ˵ǲһġ

۶̬Ȼ⣬üµؿšԸŮˣȻ˸á

ߣĪСûϢʧɭԽ·˵һƽһ

˻һĪ壬۶סˡ
ˣ֮ǰֶοɲһܹܵġ۶η塣ȻĪ壬Ҳûʧĳ̶ȡ
ݣΪʲôҪŴĺһôҪŮ˶ţˬģͷֱӴͺˣ˷ʱ顣

һɭԽͶߣؼңͷ䡣
Ϊ͹һȹȻ磬ҹ˪¶أŵױ䣬ϵı鶼Ҫ
ɭԽȻסɭԽֱۣһɭԽҺ䡣
ɭԽһۣϣҪ֮ǰһ䣬

衣

÷ۣŸ߸ЬŵŵšشĪǰ߹ֵ˳ͷߴɭԽ
ڵůͻȻӿ˹Ҳذǰŵ׶ɭԽλĪЦһƲңһѧҵģ
ˮͷ۽ǿ붼ˡ֪ĻΪŮԼ׷ߡ

ѧɭԽֻ챻Ī˵ĳɫЩ⸴ԭԼոյϹ˵ĺֻĪܲס
Լϲˣͼٰ۵ģͷˮκܹϳ۵ĵطĪѧ
ֻǿϧˣ۵ӣ˭ѧ㽾ˣôĪ˼ξѧġ

Щ죬ֻɭԽ˵ͦġƫͷˣЦˣܣ˼ҹôʵĸףǿǣ
ɭԽۣѻ顣
۷˸ۣͬĻ˵ڶɾû˼ˣѻ鵱ڣҪǾҵ·ˣһֽԼҲС

ȺαɭԽѾ͡Щüģ˻˵ʲô
ʲôʱ򿪳ҲȦӡ
ȻüʱɭԽҲܾĪ塣һ뵽ϰĹϵ۾;Լͷðɫ
⹷˵ԼϲɫĶѲϲ

ʱ䡣ɭԽһ䡣ʴ̫ãЩš˴޼ɵ

ʱ䣿
ɫˣȹʱ췹𣿻ǵŪʧ򵥵ܹ飬Ϊʲôǵö£

ɭԽɻҲûֻͣǵЩ£ô

ʲôЩĿ
ӳײɭԽ˵ˡ
ȻǸŮ˺ᣬǺôо仰û˵ɭԽ֮Ļ̫࣬һֱǳ¡
ͱڣѾҪɭԽڼƽʧ˵ֻǮǰۻʲô
룬Ҫ붪һڿɭԽϣźԼְ֣

һӵۻص˼ͷȥصعţûͷɭԽ
ö˶˵ľƵ겻סǵú˹סͬһ¡нûȥʲôᣬ֪ãʡԼð

һ¹һߺͷμһ²ۣ֪ҽĳʲôķ³ˡ룬иŮѧȥϹ
Ī岻ôȥģ۶ôŭʲôѧԼȥԼϹ˭
ͲֹɭԽĪ忴ĲбֶҲãʡٴ

ͣͣͣ˵ˣҸճСϺȻҪˡμһͷŻ˼ĶġɭԽô£ŮҲߣȻϿһ䣬ҪãǸϽ飬һӣ
μһǱȰֲȰ͵˼룬ԷɭԽǮûŵ㡣Ҫϲˣʹ۳׷氮ˡ

ʰ·һ٣ػһ䣬ɺĸҪ
Լ˲飬أμһŵģ֮ǰǵĻϣŻô񡣾һˣҲûлͷ·ֻ룬иƨãӦ֤ſڵġ
һ˲ɭԽĸµμһĬĬ̿ˮصʵҾɭԽҲôܲˣǮۣۿȥѹһƬ󡣡

۶ȥˣδС㣬졣
Թ㲻С㣬ӵǮƣأѡġٿ㣬Ӣ飬޸ôԵһеܵġ
μһ߽ţԱߵӶ˵˵üϵЩֱߺߡ˸̧ͷŵƣҲѹһ죬̫ܲ
ۣ޹

һ۶ûô˯úãԽԽҪɭԽܹ´ùϵ㣬϶󷽵صʲôûпڣɭԽȫȫвŻɵġ
࣬ɭԽϰ嶼ûô磬򹤵ѾˡŵʰöԼС䣬ͷûȫɫԼȥ˾顣

-

ɭԽʱ򣬿ͷſһ죬ͷƹ
˼룬Žȥͷһˣû۵ɭԽ߹ȥѱۺá¥Ѿ͡

̿ɭԽ˸кֽʰһᡣʱûۣЩ죬̫̫û˾Ͳóˡ
ȥˡɭԽ˹غࡣ
˶̹ɭԽԼ㱻ãȴҲִҪ
ȴڡ

̴һɭԽ̫õɫҲ˴ŵĲ룬֮еĿİġ໥ݣߵøԶ
̣֪ɭԽ롣
źɭԽô꣬һ˼Ҳûٶ˵ʲôĬĬصš

ù緹ɭԽֱȥ˹˾

Īú磬һϣﻹЩûҪɭԽϾҪɭԽȫҵ첻ȥ
ĲףɭԽ˵ÿŮ˶ǲġΪʲôͲܽԼԲɭԽѾ飬һӲⶼԡֻҪܸԼһᣬһߵĻᡣ

ˡĪţǰ汻һ£ȥһˡ
áĪһţСʣ磬ʲô飿
ܵĪСԼʲô֪𣿡

֮ǰͿĪЩһĸ飬ֻһֱûʲôԽΪαûٹܡû뵽ĪȻܹô󵨣ģ̫̫ģҪ.ܣֱ·

ĪĿһǿЦЦ磬ûҴˣֻϲܡѵϲһҲд
ĪС㣬ĸѧֻѧ͵ͣסŲͷĪ壬ϲ£ֻ֪̫̫ǰǾǴҪͲҪֻһ֮䡣

ĪɫʱҰ׽ȥ˰칫ҡϵˣͷֻƵüӲʵü̧֮ۡʣ۵׵ı䡣

-

ϵľ飬æµúܡ˺˸Ƿ˱±شȿˮôˣôһܹ
ͻȻŬ˲𣿡۰һۣȻʹˣϸɲ硣
˯𣬱±轡мʮ£ⶼϴˣһֶϺʡȻƣܿġ

˺һۣûƢôһӻӴ䶼ˣǲȥˣ
۹ŲӲ˵
ƿϣ˺ۣ֦¶𡣵ȻľϷԼô־һϡ
ľⲿϷŮǣΪ˴ֵġȻʲô󿧣ݼȴΪ˺ƣҲˣơ

ݣ˧ɣ۸óƽ壬ľӻױƼۣһЦϺá
УüëӢ˺ɨľһۣһ䣬ûױʦüëһ£ں컻̲ɫ
ϡľһԵشܽױҡ

۸ջĿ⣬ƽ嵽ϴμǱʼǵĽ棬һ䣬Աأ΢Ҳû˻û
ɣͶʷǱ߾˵Ҫˣֳ˵⣬š˺̸üͷ塣ȻǵݣҲкܶΪĵطرʱҵ֮£Ա
ڹ棬ڲŻ֣رҪҲӡҪ˸ûݼɣƷҲûˡ

Ͷʣ˴үܱȲͶʷ
˺ƫͷ۵״Ц⣬մСһ㣿
ԼĻǮ㡣ɭԽĺڿԼҲͼ顣
˺̾һЩɸֵζֲǵһ֪Լ޴־ˡ

ˣҵķ仹ŰɣæȻ˺֮ǰ˵и䣬Ҳ֮ǰˡ
أǮˣҲ˲ˡ˺ֱ壬԰׵ָֻһ߻ظ΢һʵ㻹ս
սñ˴侲һ£ɭԽǸŮ֮ǰ۶ȥˡ
˺ʧЦŵһӺţ΢΢㱡

ۣ㰮ɭԽ𣿡




17.  ̹   Ҹ̹ɷ

ۻƽϵĵϷ, 䲻˺ôһ䣬Ťͷĵؿһ, Ϲôܲ

˺ʧЦЦ۾ǿһһȻûжŮ鶼
֪ôۺϷҲˣʮĴ˵

û˵ʮһ֦ͻ󡣡˺ֻǸͷɫ΢, Ϊ, Բŵ, ֪áʱ, Ľֵϸ


˽в˵һͷǵǺһ䡣ͲǺˬ˸, ĳĹ˺

ľױҲĵúܿ죬ü۱֮ǰӲ, ɫҲȥµмִ󽫾, ۻͦϲױݵ, ϸ˺üۣҲûôѧᡣ

ûױʦ̳̣֤־ͻᡣľ۵ļ򣬶˵ͦϲġ
Ҫ۳úÿ, ľǸտأÿƼۺ͹˺վһ𣬶пһɲŮò, úܡ

ǾллˡЦЦϵףʮɣ
ࡣľյߣЩ棬ۣ͹˵ʲôϵ֮ǰҲĹ˵Ϸûߴʲô
˶٣ľָϽ֤ģҾڰһ䣬Բᴫȥġ

ѧ۽һ䣬ʼ磬²۹˺ûΪ࣬ϰ壬ҪǿǮķϣ˭Ըź
ľɷµص˵ͷͬ˿ˡⳡϷ׼죬Ĳֵñˡ

ӾС룬ⳡϷǰ컹ǿģԱҲУôǵиͷ
Ӧÿ԰ɣûͬ򣬺ڲľˡľҲ̫Դһսݣг̵ˣ˵ǹʱŻ

ս
ɫ΢䡣
ôˣľ
ҡͷûʲôֻǺ϶ѡ
ˣǸôܵԱֻǣж鶼ΪѲɸɵйֻͶʷְֵĶӣ

-

һ㣬æת֮ǰĶһЩ£Ĺ˺ȴҪһÿڶ롣ȥǱ߶飬æʱҲԼ֡

òװ°ʱ䣬ƣ̱ϡ˺ͷһۣȥϢ309Һǰ̨˵ˣȻԼȥǰ̨÷
ǵ°ʱ䣬ǹ˺ûСȻỹҹϷ˺ΪݣҲ֪Ҫʲôʱѹƶˣͱʹ󣬻ҹ˥ϲŹ֡

Ҳ̫С忸ס۲ŲӰ࣬æһ죬ֻȥڴϺúõϢ
˺ءšһҲѵСһ컹ûԹʵѵá
ǵú˵һһǾţҪҪô졣˺Цһ

ģԲᡣ΢Ц
һˣɭԽŶûǿ͸ˣѹֶ˵ǷĹ
㿴ͷˣʲôˡҪǸǰΪԼȥˣﻹɭԽϲϲ

ӰӳǳӭͿһ羫µŮˡʵƯŮ˶ȥˡֻǰλģں۶۵һ˲䣬۵Ų졣

ʶԼ
ۻһ£ļӦòʶȻĻôˮŮˣôҲµӡ
ʡŮ˿ˣᣬ˺𣿡
˵ѣ

üҪԱĻʶسƺǡݣǡ˵ͷ鷽ָţҹϷ˵ھ

ллŮ˳΢΢һЦ

˵˾䡰Ŀ뿪תֱӻ˾ƵꡣǵģԱݶ࣬ҵҲǷȻûмôóԣǿǿҲܹ˿ڡ

극ϴ˸裬Ѿŵˡֻһ£ɭԽոշ˶š

ɭԽ
زƨ£
۷˸ۣǷܵػշֻ򿪵ӣͷɭԽֱӴ˸绰

Ҫֵʲôʱ򣿡ͷɭԽƺǺܺã䣬ĵĮһİС
ɣϹ޸ԡ

û֣̫ԶסھƵ귽һ㡣۾ƽ͵ػȻĪϣɭԽѾ̬ȣͲûȤ𡣵ǣңˣҲܵʲô¶ûзһ

ĪһᴦãڡҪǷǵסھ飬Ǿ㡣
ɭԽûۣĪ֮װףȻᴦ׵µϺ棬۵

һ˲ķ¡
˾绰ˣ
Ĳôֱ׳ģ

ͻȻĪЩޣȻ֪ɭԽӾһԼΪءǺôôǷޣ˾Ͳ΢ع˼һԼĸ

Ҳ뿴ˣ۰ԴͷðΣŸμһһ΢Źȥ
[˵͵͵һ˻ô]

ĻҪһӣΪǮƺɭԽлҲ̲ȥˡǮμһСÿ˶ȥˣõҲ١Ӣ黹ôңжȥӵǧ
ǲҵģԼСꡣǣɭԽȣ湴һôˣ

μһ͵仰ˣϵط⣡
Ȼμһߵݺݺɲ١ѣ˼Ҷҡ
ֻ۸˿ɭԽ¼¶ġ
Ҳ£ûˡиĪ壬ҲҸµС̹˭̵ù˭

һھ˺ü죬۶ʱӡǰ黹֪ڹ˲жѡ°ĩ°˻ؼҾţȫ顣

ôһ룬ɭԽͦġ͵ùһ˾СС鶼ùĿһܵݣʱ䶼׼ʱϰ࣬żӦꡭ

ȵȣô뵽Ǹˣ

ҡҡͷ˦Щµ뷨ȥˮƼľһͬԼԼ
ôˣšƿǣһڡ
û£һҪ͡ľսȭͷ͹˵ģ

ۡ
һûסոպһڵˮȫ³ˡԼǺòУææһԵֽԼ·
ǰ棬·ûôʪȻģ޿ס
Һ͹˺һؿʲôǵĹϵ⣬ңҾԸ
Ҫĺ͹˺еʲôֱ٣ȺɭԽ黹ҪԽܡ

ľꡰѽһɷµصϰֹϵʮ˽С˵棬д𣿡
￴С˵ͬһֻ͡һ˵ϰ壬뵽Īĳˣɫǲãˣͽˣǹ˵װ׵ġ

ˣľ꾪һ䣬ƼԱ߹ԱĲĿ⣬ָϽסԼͣԲҲǹġ
ûϵҲʲô¡ۻ˻֣ȽϺľ֮ǰ̬ȣղôͻȻ˵
⼸ҹϷܻиŮҹ˵һΪҪ˵ģΪ㱧ƽ˺ü졣ľԼԼɵض˼¶⣬ͻڵòС

˺һծ
ӵˣǳģŮ˶Բԣ
ԶԶԣľصصͷ̾Ϣһǹ˵˼ҿ䵭ˡһΪΪԭڿӦǸ׷ǹ˵Ŀӡ

ǻϡ棬ǰѧǻᣬҲû׷˺ġֻǹ˺ˣ˲˵üˣеӱܾһΣҲûҳǰ

ôϷۣʱҵ£һЦЦľŵöһ£ֻץѧһվ𣬿İص˵Ͼȥо籾
һ۷ɿܿľ꣬۳Դû뵽ǹ˵ȻʹˣǷɲ갡һծء

ҪǾúУĩҲھˡ˺һۣȥ鲻Ǻܺá
ƲƲͣʶȤû⡣
Ц͵ȥС.ôܻʱ乤

չ۳ʱ򣬶Ѿߵˡμһ͵ˣһϳ㱧Թһ䣬ôôð⹤ˡֲ㣬ԼԼܡ

ǮֲԼģһǮһӣ۴˸Ƿμһӹë̺Ǻôȡ
ôУ͵ͷ˸Ů¡μһ˵ˣҸҸ̹֤̣ǸϹöˣ

μһʲô͵˶ϲǴ඼ദһʱͲˡΨ̹һֱԣһ㣬һֱ⡣ǺȺȾ̹ôϲˣ
ǴѧҲݲĻ䡣ҲˣСһ껹ã̫һָС

ֲⷽҵľˡֲẦ㣬ǵġμһһۣ֪ܲʲôˣɭԽңƾʲôҪί˵úûƵġҲޱͬñһҪ


׼
ˣֻԼһӻ

ʮӺۿμһߵˣĬ˰βŵ̹
ȻμһߵСӣҹۣ֮ǰ˵ġ

ԭ۽㡣ȥҲǶʮͷӣðװ۵ģٵǻУ۽㳤ÿôλܾͲϧأҪ۽Ϲÿ춼Цء

ûбõĸо·̫Ϥˣѹɤμһһ䣬û̲𣿡
ޣôܣҵСμһһۣȻ㲻ϲ͵ģûϵһǹ

ǹʱûнȻɫģһһ֮䣬ʿ

ۺҲЩ˵뷨ÿȻĿġ㲻ֶţߣ쿴ţ㹻ˡҲò˵ĿɭԽʤһ
ȻҲɭԽûа㰮⡣ǻǵ˵һ䣬ɭԽʤ

ƣ۱㲻ٺˣɳϣǰ㻹ϴѧɣ
ţش
۵˵ͷôʲ̫׵㻻һʵкְܶġ
Ǯ졣شҪǮ

ʵ̫ƶôģȻҲԼ֮£ǰʲôƶͶ·ˣҲһС

İɣҲۻûǸӣֻǣǿԵģ˵ЩĶĻ
ɭԽҲ뿴ʲôо

Ϊһ£ðβſڣƯ
ûסЦټôôߵٶ̫аء
죬˵۵ֻ
Ϊǹ˺Ҫļ飬û뵽ͷʾšɭԽ֡һ»ָЩ߶µĲһ

СϹ𣿡ԥһ£ǿһ䣬ҪҰæ𣿡

ãܾǿ˲Ӭһææɳ浯Զ㣡




18.  ǿӲ   ۿ

΢΢һ, һľ, ǸС㣬˵˲˵Ļ

˼ضʾӲǲҽͨ
ˣдȵɭԽòײ׳С⡣ֻһ绰ŵ

ʲô͸˵Ǹġμһ, ۸ôͲˣⲻǵ͵ֻٱŻ, յ
۰һ, ŮÿζֻǸԼǰ˵˵һɭԽǰ, ˵ñ졣
һʾμһ, ŻŬƽסԼ, ôˣ

ÿ𣿡ͷ䡣
ů, ۻǶô˸¡ʶؿһμһ, ס񣬡ھƵʲôģ
ôɭԽںĮشӴ⿴һƬƺ̣˵μһˣ

ô֪
Ļ, ĵֿŬ侲û, ھƵꡣ
ۡɭԽ֣㣬ֻӡ

ˡ

μһҲ˲ԾЦһ䣬ܲڣѽ˵ھƵϢͺǾôԶҾͲɭԽеԹȥ֤
һѾؿ֪˵ˡңûĻھ档


±˵ˣμһЩᣬĵҾû˵ô֪ģ
Ҳʰ
ۿʱȥӣѾĴ㣬ҲܻŻҶյǮ

μһĻסģҲҵġȻɭԽǶ½飬϶
£ȥܽͣ˵ǽþۻᡣμһס۵֣һᶨ

һţӭ洵磬μһ·ˡ

ɭԽĳȻ棬ĳţһۿȥ˱Ĳ۳ɭԽ΢΢ƫͷ۵һƬȻ
μһˣŲǰСؽͣܣҷǵ۹ģ޹أ
μһɭԽúʸУһ䣬ܹصĽջࡣ

μһԼҰӣˣ滹£ƴҽãھУ

ҪҪôϣ

ɭԽɨһۣϳ

ԥ룬ֻûžʹˡѣֻӲͷƤ˳
ǰͷĵؿһۣɭԽѻתƵϣܿת
ĬĬŲ˳λáòУֻһ˸⣬첻һΪæ

ڳĬɭԽС·ûĻһ

ЩΣǰͷ˾䣬̫̫ߵͽˡ
ޣڶŵˡҲѹʱץˡ
Ҫ𣿡ʡ

̾һ£ҲȲͷüȣ˾࣬ܶûʲôг̰ţֻһµʱҪȥ׶졣
ǻͦõġڨЦ

һʱСһߵɭԽ̫˽ˣڳĬֻǻڣԲʧӡǻصңǾ˵ˡ

Сʱ·̣ٴλصңʶطһ¡һŵ
ͷȥɭԽվţϵ׹¼ϡͷ˼ɫë£ĵαͦüӲʣȻɫѿȴ֡

뵽ļǧҲȲɭԽ
һǷӣǰ˽˭Ҳ˭á˵ˣҽҲڣһʲôƵ¡Ӳ֮ǰڳȫӻˣ͵ֱ׳
˼ˣɭԽƫͷ

һ
֪Լǳ׵زȵɭԽĵߡ£Ǹ˾Ͳܽܣ˵ɭԽ
ûУҾǺƣ½Ƕû۰ͣģĪܹɸɾҲֵ顣
ԣҪͷ̣ԼʲôʲôҪе

šɭԽɫû˵಻ţ˵һ仰Ըһ㣬ȥϴ衣
۴ؿɭԽȴͶĿ⣬ֱȥ鷿
̤ΪʲôҪˣӦ˺Ǹ

ǼЩģĨһۿɬúܣҲûʲôᡣһԼûҲû
ɭԽҪԼܹĪ飬ΪʲôͲԼûЩأ

ԡźˮ۰ԼȫȥƵҲԡ׵ģֻܾ࣬Զԡ
˿СʱָϵƤ۲жױعһԡۣԡңûɭԽӰ

һζʮˣƽʱʱɭԽ˯ˡôģƢȥͷ˯Ƣȥ鷿˯
ϴ۴˴ӣȴô˯š
Ҫս͸ԵģŸûã˾͹ץˡˣּսǲ治

ڴϷ˼ԽԽʲô̬ȣԼҸ˵¾û꣡
ϣֱӳ鷿ȥ棬ɭԽѾ˴ϣһ顣
ǰ۾ϾɭԽ̫٣ǸΪصˣȴ찮Ҳ֪Щ鶼ҲûΪ˴ºһЩ

ҾҪ̸̸۾ֱɭԽĴߣǰɭԽսȥǰ취
ϴɾˣɭԽһۣɱɨǰİ𪡣򴽣䵭۵°ͣԺٷҲȥ㡣

˼ֻǲȥԼҲ
Ϊʲôԣ۲ؿ㲻ˬȥˣҲˬиĪ塣֮䣬ƾʲôⷽԲԵȣ

˵Ī£һᴦáɭԽü
ۿҲ˵ûǣֻҪԺҲǿԵİɣ
ۣɭԽɫȫӵеһ˭ġ

۱ˣɫͰΣۿܿƵغˣεô
ΪʲôͲܵõ˭ƫأ
ĸҲǣɭԽҲǡ

жԲ䲻κһֺá

ɭԽɫһ٣ָ͵ط˻ޣ
ĪԼģ޹ءۣԼҰˡ
ƨ£Ҳȥǻ𣬡㲻ˬ͸ҳŰ̫̫ộֱҸҸƢĲҲҸĵˣܱȺȥúá

ɭԽͷˣۿޡǳ˿ۡ˻ɫ˵Ҳûһʼôˣ£Ǹһˣ£Ҳټƽϡ
Ҽƽϣ۱߿ޱίĪ廹˵Ҳ㣬һ仰ҲŴһ꣬ô𣿻˵Сˣ˭֪ǡ

ûСɭԽؿۣ˵ֻ㡣ǰڣֻδۣɭԽӡ
ò⹷ÿζٸǡСô׺á
Ťͷȥỹֹסû˭˵˶Ųá

Ī֪һ£һĻ֮ˡۣ̳սߴһ롣Ƣԣұúúô
ɭԽᣬǿССģЩĪĿɰҲвŮǰ޹ֻɭԽˣֻᷳΨǰ͸ްҲ᲻

֪𣿡ɭԽȻһ䣬ͼתС˵ע
ʲôۻЩز
ɭԽɫ΢ûǰӲÿıҵܡ




19.  ϴ   ˵˵˼

ɭԽûҪ¡ֻǶ˵, һֱԸ顣, ȴҲ˭ǲסҲ벻˰֡
ǰ˵ֻӵݵŮˣûرϡֻڣƺʲôǰһˡ

룡ӲĿɭԽ֣˭ϡܣĪ֪С
֪ģŮ˶֪, Կ

Ǿͱˡ޵ͷۡ

Ĩ۽, ³úܡԭϸ۵Ƥﾭסĥ, һͺ, ԭȿӸϧ
ɭԽȥץסҲõ, ˼뻹ǵ, ϲˡ
۾۵ú, һ޾ͻȥȷ, 䲻ؾɭԽ仰ʲô˼
֪ä𣿡

ä۶ʺİ֮ǰ˵, žǶûбʶ
ɭԽä
ôä
۵Դһը
ɭԽƽʱֵ̫ԣ·ϳһ

Ҳǡѹعһ, ɭԽϲԼѹԼ·ÿ춼Ҫ棬Լ۽ǵǿס˲ʲôãҪͨЩϳԼ
Ҳѹ֣ĪҪģ¡ԭ

ǰ۳ɭԽҲżһʱܡһۺͨͨۿߣϵǱ顣

Īװҵӹ.㣿һӾץص㣬飬ɫѿúܣ㻹ţ
ä£֪ɭԽһ䣬Ҫ֪Ļ֮ˡ
ԭǱС۵ɫһЩȴǲˬҵ𣿡

ûС
ĪһҧԼֵġĪ֮ദ֮٣Ů˾Ե޹֪
Ŷ۵СЩֵġ
ⲻǸûн𣡹ääҪľĪǸŮ뿪ѡ

ңɭԽҪŮˣҪ㣿
⻰ȻǷᣬǵȷôɭԽǮȨƣռȻ̰꣬ҲֻǿһͷѡϣҲǾ˵һ
ɭԽݣͷˣô죿ʱֿˣ۵ռҵ

ﲻǱ飬ҧгݵصи
֮û飬ǽ˻飬ܶԼһûκεռңôҲϵ̫̫Ҫӵ

ɭԽĬһ£һᾡ졣

Ŷ۱ɭԽ֪л΢ûп㣬Ժһע⡣
̳ϰȨ棬һۡ۲£ִֻҪ֮䱾ìܣһһը֮һֱŵס

ɭԽԼòԣ۵ɫ˺ܶࡣȵúܣ˵ǲ
ֻһ뵽⼸죬ǺܲˬǸäڲҴţ
ˣ˭ûиëˡֲʲô£Ҳôʹô˧治ʲôġ㿴ôÿ̲ߣⲻⲻ

ɭԽĬĬǹһЩûƤ񡣡
ôƤˣ˿治˵
ɭԽһۣ۰Ǳ鶪Ǻúÿ˵ܲƻԼеĸ

ʦˣɭԽɤԱ𣬡˵˵ˣ
˵øһ¾Ƿƪ
۹ԹԳϣһصʵĵľǽȫůٵĿ
ɭԽô˵˵˶١


ͲӦú˶Ƕ¡

ɭԽҲûִҪ𰸣ŮĻѣһ۾ܿ΢ͣ۰볨İϡһҲЩûˣҲʲô»ݣϷݣûίԼ
ֱӿס۵ϸûӦݺݵסĺ촽ĥ֮䣬Ϣȣ𣿡

С΢ȻҪǡͦ˵ġֵסɫջɭԽû
ɭԽ΢٣ûһ㣬̶ѹȥ

٣
˼Сʱǰǰһбʲôˣ

ʱѾˣȻۣǺôû˺ѵĸоͷһƿҩùһۣС졣

ɭԽҩ
ֱ̫˯ȥˣֻԼоԼ屻ռΪɭԽҪֹֽ硣
ֻμһϵľ͸Լ΢š
μһϲʲôĹײģ

˰ʹصԼķ䣬˳μһ
[һţˡ]
μһʱ𴲣ֽи뽻ˣ

ǽɭԽҪһͳܲסˣȴһֱŹ֮ǰ»ҹһֱӱιȥǹͷЩܲסˡ
ԡϴһۿʱ䡣ˣԭͯ˵ˣĩȥֻǿӣɡ

ƼЦظ˱ˮ̫̫صطԸˣҸ˼ಹ塣
ǹˣ֮ܿ顣ǰЩһֱûƼֻ̫̫ڼңһҲ֪˳ˡ̫̫ˣ˿϶Ѿͺá

鷳ˡ۳尢òһЦ԰ꪣ̰ɡ
úúãҵȻ̻ϲúܣи̫̫ȻǲһǰࡣȻἦöȵ㣬ˣԺҪСŲô
̣ǻûҪСĴ㡣

ԼǸжŮôҪС˵ˣɭԽˣŶô䵭ָպ˸˻е飿
ʱԼĺΪʲôְֲԼѲҪشһ䣬ְ趼

ڲҲǺõġΪߣȰһ䣬̫̫ڻᣬҪӻЩȵ˶ʮʮ꣬ж帺ܴرʮߣǴˡ̫̫ӵ£ɵúúõ
Щ˾Լᣬ漸ꡣɱʱҪӾͺˡң̫̫ǻᣬʮˣɲˡ

ֻӦ
ڹ꣬˼ȽǰкܶһӲҪСģҲûʲôӰ졣ڹڣԸѹšֻҲģɭԽš
ˡӦòԼҪӰɡÿδʩúܺãȫҲ

ֻͻȻһ£浯һİĺ롣
[С㣬̸̸]
ëɣ˭ᣬֿ˺Ϣ
[Ī塣]

аûôŵŮˡ߳ҲͰˣȻԼȥ
üָֻžžણַ
ƽʱɭԽǰֵùһ㣬Ů˻ΪԼˣ󣿵ӵ󹬵ʱŮ˻֪ˢ⣬Ҹ湴Ķһס

͵޸٣




20.     

ĪԼʱ, ۽첻еúܡԹ緹, Ȥغμһ˵һ¡

Ҿ͵ô·ɭԽǸ˺ܶ౦ʯ𣬶ϡǸŮ˿ʲôǮΪӽμҴС㣬μһ˵ûǮ˵⡣

˵ˣԷǸ飬϶ûʲôǮҪǸŮ˿ԼԼҹ֮Ĳ𡣱˵ֵ, ҲȲҹ۰֡ɲǰС˵, ʵеŵԶҪҪ

ҡͷ, ųıʯ, ̫ˣúͱһ, ֲơ
ЩʯɶСƽʱúõղ, ᲻ü˪ܴȥĪ, Сۣ

úԼơμһɷµغ˵ŵ, ֵǮúúãȻ㻹ŵǰֱ̣Ӵ³һ, Ǯ

ʲôյڣ
ûǮȲ˵˼ǲɢĶ氮, һĪŮǮʲô

۲ΪμһЩɸֵصﰡ㻹ŮʴɭԽǰҲˣŮǰ˵Ļǰ׷ЩƢˡ
μһĹۣ˳ܵģһӦġ

ʲôûȨûƵģ벻ɭԽֻۡǡҽ췴֮һȹͷμһգۣҪ崿衣

Ī岻崿ɭԽĪ忴ʲôŽ崿

-

칫ůãɭԽüģЩ١Ҳֻۣů̫㣬Щˡ

ʱۻûԡ۰뿪ǺۺۡС£һΣĥúˡ

ܡźѾĪһͨ¼ûʲô쳣ֻмĵ绰תˡ֮ǰְʱĪ˵Լһڹݡ

ɭԽ̧Ī岻ٹܣ׷Ǹֻš
˶٣Ѿ˸²⡣
ܣĪ塭
ɭԽɫһ䣬顣

˵ͷֵʱĪϵ̫̫ӦҪԼ̫̫档ܣҪҪļ棿

ҲЩ죬Ī廹ǲ֮֡󣬾Ȼֻ̫̫۵˽ʵ֮٣Ҳ֪ôӦǲԿġ

ȥ飬˳ϵĺƵ졣
۾ͺĪĴڣ컹Ҳõ飬ӦԼȥŪ¡

õܡǱߣ˵׼Сүձҵҵʵϰһʱ䡣
ʵܵ˼λ׼СүߡҵҲһˣټΪҲ׼Сү϶ҲΡö֮ҲӦܸĵԼɵӡ

ɭԽҲûܾЩСĿҲá
ȻǸ壬ȴ塣Ҳİʦû飬Ȼǻỹġ

˪أŸոչ㣬ͷɫѾʼò꣬׵ʱӦûһѩ

ɭԽӷȥ̳֡ó٣˸ѡ·һۿȥİףɵЩͷۡ
äȷʲô飬ĳ˵ȴҲ㹻Ҫǵö࣬ȥһˡ

һʼƾԼļЩ顣ֻԽ˺棬ԽظоԼĲͬҲ䵭ֻΪû˶ѡ

ܣߡϸɭԽɫ̾Ϣһ
ֻ֪жô⣬ȴ˵֪Ĺ¼šվжߣͳж١

ɭԽϿʼһֱߡôˣûĹҲֻ̫̫ǰ˼飬ȴ鰮޹ء

ȵߵ棬ĵطͷҲܶࡣĪ̸Ķ˽ܵ£ñȽϿָָλãԾ뿪

ɭԽ߹ȥʱǽĪС㣬ɭԽжమңô֪ءҲɭԽӲ¶飬ԲЩ֮˶˲ö˼

˵Ƥ񣬻ûп

ĪıϣŽôҲ˵뿪źװ۰ˣ޼ƿʩ
⼸죬ɭԽȻܿ£ȴһֱûжʲôĵ׻ЩڴģܾԼһ
ɭԽĪһ£ûܡ

ҲѽɭԽֻϲءĪС㣬װҵȥˣɭԽΪ񡣹ң̫㡣۶Լĵˣ崿·ߵģʱһС˵ôˡ

ĪıǺ֪˵ʲôˣҧŴǿЦЦС㣬ûҪǰװ֮ûи飬ܿó

ϹҲװˣ۴ƣǷȰһ䡣壬㳹׻첻ȥ
μһ˵öԣװʲôװôˣŮ˷ǵðҲôݡ

С㡭ĪɫҰȥڰ̧ۿɭԽܡ

ʶػͷȥɭԽ֪ʲôʱվɫĴ£γеú޳Ÿ߶ȣɨݵ򦻹΢΢͹ĺᡣ

ǰС˵˵˵ĺԸУ֮ԱǣһѡƼɭԽȴһԸ

ѽϹԼܻؼҵġ۽ЦһɭԽֱۣġ
ԸĳЩŮˡɭԽĿǳǳֶûиĪ塣

˶֣Ϊ˴̼Ī壬ǵɭԽסŮᣬ䵭ȴֲʧȣúܡ

ĪҧŴĵؿɭԽðβŵܣҲףΪʲô
ΪɭԽô߰ˣôҲѡһλܹŮˡѧ̣ڹ϶ܶһ档ۣ˿һʵҲŮ˵κŵ㡣

ɭԽһԵۣ§סĪԺһ飬Ѿ˳ڶΪۡ



̵ػصңۺŲɵСüˡ
ԸŮˣȻ˵ĻȽһ㡣

ϴ˸֣۵̣ҽҪ԰ꪡ
úúãϲͶԵ㡣̾ϲ۶Ե㣬С̫ˣԺп϶ʵ飬гˡ

ϱӣԼһˮ۳ڿŵɭԽִ˹ȥܽ˧Ŷϲء
ɭԽĵˣĬĬذѵӵһЩװˣ

ǵǡ

ͻȻװ̲軹ͦģˣԼ͵ֻ֡ǶɭԽĻһˡ
ѱһţһ۽ۣһ߰һˣô֪ĪԼң

Īͨ¼
۰һƬݸɭԽֻɨһۣûԡ
ź
˸ۣԼԵǡȣô֪ǣ

ֻжλ
Щ죬ң
ֻŻģһˣҲ֪ɭԽʲôʱֽšµǣȻһûС˼ˣԺ͵ŪСҲˣ
飬̫ûȨˡ

ֵҼӣɭԽʻȥȻƽ˾в٣ѱ¡
οиëһίҳߡϴֱӳ˭֪ԺƢֻ㵽ĸ

۱˵ˣЩôֵüˣȻҹڣҲò绨
ò绨ҲͲɭԽɨһۣ壬ȴ޷ǲǺÿ

۳Ĭ˼룬㿴˾ġ
ò绨һŵˣƫƫֱϹ




21.  ˶   Ҫϲ棬Ҳ⡭

ǰ۾ͱ˺²ûں, ɵɵġԲѵطȥ˵˶Ӿ, úÿ

û뵽Ȼ޸һäϹٺÿɭԽʲôҲǡ
ôһ룬ǲǵŬһں࿴ʲôģ

ɭԽвǸ˰ɣ۲̫ä磬ϲˣǲԶˣ

ɭԽ֪۵Դﵽ׶װʲôпյ, ûһ뷨
ɭԽش, ۲, ˣ
ǡɭԽŵÿ, شһ䣬, ʶˡ

۶ˣѹԼڵ۽ǵ롣˵, ԼҲֻǿ΢еʶˡ
, ܸоõɣɭԽ, Լȥǰ͹֪ɣ׵÷ˡ

һ˲䣬, ǰķ۴ˡƣĵ۵״żֺ棬ɭԽĺЩ΢١ҹ컵ĻԺ, ֮ȥ

ɭԽǸ֮ˣû֮ǰҲйѪյʱֻʱæҵټ϶Ůûʲô㣬ʵ̲סʱҲԼݲݽڣһۣûסղ£˸ˡ

ɭԽûлشϲжۿ˵ı㸲ȥ
һǣûд.֮׺ռڵ.һϢȣɭԽǼҲ.أš
һӾ壬뿿ɭԽĻسǡ

̶˲˳ˣƼǵһĻϴżοЦݣĬĬؽ˳һƬһԷ

-

ͯں͵ʦæĿҲĩȽϿСȥѧУصػһȽ۵ױݡ߸ԵøɾˬʣɭԽ·мִѧģ

ͯ綼ڵˣʮµĺҲҸطţôɵ㶵վſڡ߽ʱ򣬶ƼıǼ⡣

ôҲȥţֲ·ۼæñӣҪϲȥס

ҪһܿҰͯЦصܵ۵֣Թصһ䣬˭ý㹤˾æˣҪҴţҲ֪ҡ

㰡ҲСˣŽʲôӡûش˴Դҿ˵ˣףȫˣ

СͺɭԽлԼȻжʱϲŮףôҲδġͯôˣĸ̥ҲˣСҼҵģҲûС
ϿԵ͵ôʱϲŮˡⲻסˣôҲ̸һܲŰſͯãӰûš

ѽô˵˰ͯƲƲ죬ⲻƻڽе𣿡
۵ЦݼһЩһ䣬ǰ˵ġ
ǽҲ֪ˡͯĹĵģҾǲ̸˶ɫƦһģԺ϶ǻɫϡ

治ֶûǣЩֵֹ뷨˵Ļ治٣ɭԽҲ.ޣÿ޲ðڴϡ
Ҳ㣬ôãô¶棬Ȼðķţ
ͯʱƲֵػ֪´һȥ

CȥӭƼһʵЩԵʮֵݡȴܸߣ͸żֲ͡

װʶԱߵͯȴкʱűǸôˣֹˣɱˡ
ллѧѣܽȥʱһۣװʶԼӣҲûؿڡ

ҽ㣡ͯ³ؽܣһ֮ǰ˵ģƯɣ
ͯǽأϵϵе˶֪벻ԼĽ㣬ϿγԷñԹһԼ̫ȻܺԼҽһѧУ

ʱ˵ͷţƯ
۶Щˡ

μһʵ̫ף˵˲ҪҴѧݲĻ䡣ˣͯѧܡҲʶȤû˵ʲôȻͯе󣬻óױ

ǿʱȻҲ֪ռҵûйܿ˸ھ뿪

һ

ôʲôͯһֲǺˮޣÿζ
һ٣ͯһ䣬˼ˣ
ˣҲ˼䣬Ȼڻ治ôμһǱҲ÷Ըһ䣬˼װ׵ϷˣˡøһĹһ´ĲμһѱԿ

ûУͯ񶨵˳ɼʲô
Ҳ۵ͯ΢ЦҲ۸˼ҡ
ͯЩʧ䣬ҲŲ۸ܾܾҵİæҾƵߡ

㰡ǸСһεҡͷסͯ΢С͵ĺǿģ͵Ҫѿ֮㲻֮档

ޡͯĬĬذ仰Цһ䣬һ𣿡
򡣡ɭԽϢúʱ䡣ҵæﻹһ

˽Ͳˡͯί
Ŀˣһӵˣһ

ɭԽҪһӵģްҲһֱһ
ᰮ⣬ڵദѾˡ

-

ʳóԹ緹۱ܡɭԽ˳˹ͱȽլҴģҲܡ

ûˣ鷿ҲӰָܵһ¥ͷ˶Ҵ졣
Ҫģһ¥˶ҡֻ۶ɹģȲɭԽˡ

ƿ˶ҵţƼɭԽۻһڣŵɭԽߡ

ɭԽŸԳţΪ˺˶ЩϣԼƵü׳ȻȾ˼ֺ󣬶ͷĶǺ顣

˵ĺζţɭԽȴûκηСŬԵع񷭳һëزɭԽͷϵϸʲô
ڼҿӰɭԽȥϢҲڼҿϵӰ߿Щӵ顣

Ȥ
治ףɭԽôŰҿƣԼͲ
Ҳûڣļڿˡ͸ûؾ鹤úϢҲá

ɭԽۺȻС˵ľ顣һƣСϡָҲϴһ£ͦӲġ
Ȼݣ֫ģҲûÿÿ.֮䣬ؾͳŲסˣʮ㣬˿ƣ롣

ɭԽĶһ˲ظˣȥ
һôˣ۵
Լز֪𣿡
Ҳ;ʮأϸȣħüֱħ˺

ҧгݣ鲻ԸشݺݵضһвбҲѹϣ
أԼ̩ɽһû
ɭԽ˸ƣҲûȥ۵Ķ棬ëźҪϲ棬Ҳ⻻ơ

ԺͲٵɫ𣿡ض˸۹ȥ칤סھǱߵľƵ꣬ٻ
ȻһСʱҲǿԵģŸסھƵû죬ܻȥеӰ첻á

šɭԽǺ⣬ֻҪƢСҲѵΪ˹ԸסھƵԿ࣬ĥһ´СҲǺõġ
˶ãɭԽƽһ˵ЩʲôѾƽٵش˸Ƿ

ɭԽһۣüֻۣСèһĿ΢ᣬһ̺Ӷϡ
۰̺ӸǺã˵Ҵ绰ˣǴʲôʱҪӡ
ɭԽ˴üҪӣ

ӵ飬һֱɭԽļƻ档֪ԼΪ˹ѵˣҲֻǱŲ䲻ȵദ̬ȡ
ҪͻȻһС治֪ôദģԼһϸĸס

Ȼ룬ʹˡȻҲʮˣǱ̫ãжڶûǰӡ
һʮ£ӷ֣˵ƣҪʲôڡѰԣⱲӶҪӡ

ȻҪǱ˵㲻ѹ
⻰۾ˣɭԽҲѹûҪӡ֪ΪʲôĿЩУֲҡ

ͻǻɭԽĬĬҲߡ
Ťͷһۣⷿĵ̺̺ˣúܡȣҽ翴˾飿

ţմһ֮ĿҪ˽֡ɭԽûǸ֣ȴ֪
ˣղŵһ㲻Ҳʧøɸɾ
˸ԴԼֱϣ㿴ôȻѧĲǽרҵҾ޵Ŀԡ

ɭԽ𣿡

ô
ɭԽʲôʱѧˣ

氲ŮԺﻹôȥɭԽѾȥ˯ء
Ȼһ̺Ҳڵϣⲻðա

û̺һ㣬չʾ˶ɹ
ɭԽؿ룬һ̣ȵذ˱




22.  ̽   һ

ɭԽôʱ, ۻƺҲֻڴ֮, Ƶüļᡣ

ͷ壬ɭԽؿԣغζűǼ䡣ţȴҲ̱ǡ
Ȼϴ裬ˡ۹̧ۿȥָ°š

ɭԽܿƵض˼.¹ۻôߣϸָظΪĺᡣ
ɭԽ͵͵غǳһ, Ȼˤۡ

ô㶼, 㶼ˡ
Ҷ, 㱧, ÷ʡ𣿡
˲˵Լ
ЦC, һĲžʮԼݣȵûͷźÿ

ƲƲ, ֱɭԽɳ, ȡ˵, һϵĵӰɭԽ

Ӱľƽһ硣ۿЩ˯Ե֮, ҹŵ
˼֣輸ʳ˺һ, Ƶ㵽ǰҪһֱסھƵĻ㲻ɣ

⡣ɭԽ£ȻȦģǸڹ˺ߣԼע⣬Ҫ¡
ԼٺЩߵ̫㲻ݣ֮˺֪ݡɭԽ̫̫ݾζŻҪͽ㣬㣬ҲϣɵسΪõĹߡ
ǰӴЩɭԽҲû˵ȻǰȦˣЩ飬ǵš

ֲɵ۵ܰҵСǲҶ
ҪôܻڻȻ
ɭԽһ䣬㲻ɵô£
۵һ㣬Ҳô顣

Ǳ˹˺Ķѧ

۷Լ氲ƺ½ˣɭԽӲı¡Ƭҧ࣬йһ󣬲ŵ׼ˣ˵Ҹ׼һô
ʱǸˣĹǴһʡԴϴδ֮ɫһֱôáټƽʱҩҲżأҲûǰôݣܶ·ˡ
ϴλؼҵʱۻϧһ졣ص˺ܾãרŶһۣͷ硣봩ڰϣӦǼÿġ

ѡϲҲǰۣÿһ۶ȥѡģʵҪľ⣬޹Ĺء

Ǿôˡ۰Ƭһȥ绰
ɭԽëëıӰεҡҡͷ̯̺ӵãŻԭλ

һֿʼææµµұ΢Ĵ˺Ҳ֪ĩȥʲô˵ĹɫܲµɫŨصúܡ

ɨһۣ̾˵ѧ㱾ͲˣǵԼ㲻𣿡
˼ҲûǮֻ˴үϲݣ˼нݾȦȾ洳һҲã˺Щ츳㲻϶ô֪ĵݣҲСԣ

˺һǷƹĻ⣬´ۣǲˣ
ûУըëЦĶãݵĵطݣĵطҲ˿
ʲôҾһᡣ˺ЦЦţһŮ飿
켣ҵȦֻɭԽâ̫ѾΪʸ֮ġ㲻ÿȥעҲ֪йɭԽϢ

գգۣòݸģţǹ̫УȴˡɭԽϲ
ô˺ƮƮطһ䣬ؿ˼ۣװȻӣҲǣôܼҵһȷڲǮˡ

̤Ƿ

۵һ۹˺ȻǶ䶼۴ˡ
ٺⶾһ۸˺˵һ䣬ĩп𣬰Ҹæ

ۻͷϵˣȴֻ۵׵ǳǳЦ⡣˺æǵҪҲԹ֮ڣȴһѵݣԼæ

Ҳ۵ֲһ䣬ɱ˷.Ҳɡ
˺ЦһãֻҪһһٻС

-

Ӧ˹˺һ綼˼ôӾͷ棬Ƶ塣캮ضģһ㶼һӡ
۶Ĳʲôͳ׷򵥵Ĵ󴲷ȥЩªסʱǺúõģ꣬һùζɢȥŵúܡ

˴ͷ͵ع˽ۿ˿յ˶˱档ȻɭԽôޣôҲǽĴС㣬ס޻ʵǹίˡ

ֻ񶯲ͣһۣμһƵϢ߶µһֻּֽѵطһֻ֧ܡ

μһһ۾ͷֻüһͷžͲáٿĹۣˡҵ۴󱦱΢˽˼伲𣿡
鰲ŵķ䣬жã۴˴֣յŸտӻûôůһ˴󶳵ûš
Ұͳ׷ôμһƵ˵һµģڳһͳ׷һ仰顣

ã﹤ģûҪôߵʵܲס磬ڶ֮䣬ѡίһԼıӡ
ѴϣͷμһһֱǺ˵ˣ֮ǰǸǽпʱǸܸܲҷĹ

μһߵСúܣϸһżǵ˭ǿԣôͻȻòĶ˼Ȥ˰ɣ
ЩͿɭԽˬˣҪһǲ泩ʹ졣
۰һۣСԴһģҲ֪ʲôǣСͯȤģܰ

μһûʲôµص˵ͷ٩һ䣬Ҫסھ飿ҹûϹ߲į
Ȼμһûʲôʵսľ飬ⷽ棬ǿ˵ͷͷǵʱʱϲۿЦÿζǱ۷ȥ

įȰ˵һÿĩȥҼĳ굥ǲҪ̫Ҹ
˶٣Ϸس̾һЩҲǿĸ̥ʮ꣬ζҲû

ۣμһĹĵصгǧϹһӰɣ
ƵҶϣ۴˸Ƿ˼ջƵټĴֻԼһˣЩϰߡ

е㡭ؼұɭԽˡ

ææµµֹգ۶ڹ˺Ҳ˸š
ԭŮˣǹ˺֮ǰ̸ǰΡ
Ǹʲôûеѧһ¾õ˽Ϊһᵼݡ飬е飬붼롣

ڷ꣬˺û̸κһ顣ۻΪ˺ڵŶԷͷڿƺֲôһ¡
ѵǴ˵мң

ˡ

Ĥű졣Ӧһܹȥţѧ㡭
￨ڴС
ڵĵƹⲻ˾ôվ۵ǰһ˲ƻãеĸо

ɭԽһѾ˷ӦԱŲһ㡣
ɭԽľګĶһ䣬̸£˳㡣

˵Ҷϴˡ߻мͦÿĵطҪûϴҾͺȥˣЩҹҲͦÿġ
û͹˶æϷְλ⣬ÿ°඼ǸصƵһˡϢʱܻؼˡ

Ųʱ䡣ɭԽȥǼŵһɵùζüͷúܽ
֪סһ㣬Ҳû뵽ôªû룬ҲǴһӰ뿪ҵúܡ

ûע⵽Ŀ⣬ֻǰѴϵ·ȥ߷䲻öûշˡ
ҺһݡɭԽȥ߲ܿƵɨĶɫ΢۷Ӧ֮ǰѾóһ

ȵȣҽͣۼֿɭԽĳ״˽һ滹΢΢͹硣
ȣǱ̵һææⲻġ
μһǺ𣬽ֱӿݸôһɶƷϲŸող𣬻ûüЩɭԽˣײ˸ոɡ

û£⡣
ɭԽĿġһӵ.ȤƷڣҲȫܹԼֻɭԽ֪ƽʱڴ캰۵ŮˣҲô

˶٣ɭԽͳҪֱӺ˵




23.     ǻί

ɭԽǲʲôݵ, ֮䣬ҲӦõġǿЩ, žм޹Ĳ

Ĳģ۽͵μһҵģЩҶûùҪҶ㴦ˡ
ţ֮ǰǵɭԽȨںߣɨ

ů㣬ȻůһЩȴûšǽҲ֪ûдˣ滹мӡ
, ζšΪۿס, Ӧøǲķ, ôҲû뵽, ⻷ܹô

ʲôҵȻͶˣ, ԡѪս˼ֱͲǺͬһƵ档
ɭԽǴ, Լ׵, ؼҲ, Ҫҿ㡣
Ͼ£ˡ۵ţɭԽҲϲǰãϰ, ͻȻˣŻȻòϰߡ

⻰Ʋȥ
յذߵſڣ۾, Ҫ¼ĹȥμһôҲϹˣĳҪЩ
Ьӣֱɨһ۴ߵˣϴƵɱȲüҲֻڱů͵ġ

ɭԽĶüͷšøˣ¸㶩䣬̫ʺ㡣
ʱģҲߵࡣɭԽӣʲôʱҪΪίԼ

Ǳˣⲻ̫áҡͷԱߵĴܣˣպź˯һϵģ㻹˭㶩
˵Ҳ֪ĸߴߴģǵģʮָմˮǵҪ˹źŲС

ɭԽĬؿΣƺĬˡ˻ϴ·ԡȥ滹ɾֻǴשһڣֻԡһ˷ʩ
ôôסġ
ԡ¶ģҲԡ¶ɾԼ׼ˡζǳһ㡣

ɭԽ򵥵ϴһ裬ȥʱſڱȫʵʵģҲֻԴֻ¶棬ˢֻ
ۻͷһɭԽüˣȥǱ߿
šɭԽӦһ۵ԥ뻹ƿ˴

䣡ƿһǣͲϵع˽۾һһͱɭԽ˹ȥ
˸ϴ裬ϴŲȶȣȥů͵úܡ̲ס˶ǼɭԽ֮ϣǹɺŵԡ¶ζײ

绰ǰͷǼ䷿ɭԽÿֻѾʮˣ˼٣ҲϢˡ
ޡӦһ˵¶࣬죬ֱ˻ȥɭԽһе͸ùŸԽ
ˡ

ҺһȥҪ̫ˣͱˡ˺ԼϣҲ֪ʲôʱܹá
ʵۻĲ̫ĸ飬ҪϵĻǿ϶˺ܴľġû뵽˼ֻˡǰǰʮҲͦģƹ˺ӵű±յˡ

ʱ̫УɭԽʶ뵽ĳμһ˻죿
һĻô˻ʣҽȻЩԣΪҺãܶʲôƫ
ҶûƫֻǶ

Ӵμһ̶̼࣬棬Ļϴһִȥˡƫμһµӡ̰治˺ٷۣѧ˸߷ղȡ

㻹ˣŵҲûõȥ˽˭Ҳ˵˭
ҲšǳƿɭԽˣ˸оһ£ͷػһ䣬˺ҰæȥС⡣
Ҳ֪ǲɭԽ̫ʴˣ۵ĵԽĴˣҲʱ򻹻ͷȥ

ɭԽĬĬۣ©ˡ


һ˯úܲȣɭԽոҲԺۡÿڳ˻ѩ֮⣬ҲûʲôⶼǵˣʹҲûʲô׹Уıġ

磬˯ᡣɭԽڵҲǺ˴ÿͷ˴
۵ûϵϴ·ֻ࣬һ˯¡˯մȾѪֻð.˯
Ȼ»ģɭԽܾúࡣ߲ˡһʱ䣬ѡ

˯ˡ۴˸ǷƼ۵׵ڣû˯ã
ҹ˵λһֱֶš
ЩСëڼһСϴµĵطҹ˯Ͳȡ
ޡûаǸ⣬յڴϴ˸ǷΪܣίˡ

ɭԽҲ⣬ʱ׼һҹû˯öѣæʱ򣬰ͨû⡣
ֻǣҲ֪ǲΪͱԵʣ̫ѨЩۣԴҲ᲻ʲô

ϴּϴʱۻڴˢֻģǸһȻʶǲõӡ

ȥϴʲôͣɭԽѴһǣͷ컹ЩҰյ糿ñȽһЩ
ȺࡣҰҰܾͣûгԺˣرְõϺз⡣ô䣬һůĺ࣬ˡ
ɭԽͷһֻкֲֻ࣬ߡشǺҲʵȥзӦٳԡ
ʣһ

ֲԡ
۶ɭԽһ񣬹һײɣҲʳ
ԡˮɭԽķ򿴹ȥԡҺʹֻһĥɰǽƼϴ̨ǰӰ

Īģ.

ɭԽһ绰
ܡˣԭг̵ģͻȻȡܵǱ˯ˣһ
ȥ͹Ҫȵġ
Ӧ£ͷɭԽٱЩˮ


Ҫǳϲԣ쳤̾һ䡣ǰźܣ̫̫һźˡ
ֻǣѵܻôǰ쿴ǸӣΪһż죬ֺͺܻʼ
ҡҡͷΪ룬̫̫Ҳͦġǲ֪Ժ󻹻᲻ڡ

_

塣

ǧҴҸϵʱɭԽѾʼˡһˣЦôõ˰ɣ
ǰ飬Ҳжš˶ƢģһһõġȰȰɭԽ䣬ֻɭԽʱ鼫䲻ãȰˣҲȥ

ɭԽ׼ƣһ붴СڻеڣҶûʱȥҺȥ
ǧѾˣǰҲʮˣҪһӡû뵽ŶãѾˡ
ɱˡǧûصǸտأɱϱˡƢúܣȹʱ˵ɡ

ҲãĩȷʵЩæ
ɭԽҲǿ˵ǰºΣգǧᰮһ᲻ø
ҲãȢ˸ģϽ͵ְɡǧ٩һ䣬֮ǰǼ£˼ҹָίҿӣҲˡ
ɭԽ΢٣֮ǰ£ɵššüһ鴦ãҪҳܡ

ǧǺɸ֣ôƽһˣƾʲôʮ߰˲ԼšɭԽСиò绨δ޻֪ϧ˱ˡ
㲻֪Ů˶ǸԵ𣿡ǧỻһ˵׷ĵȻĽ۵ĸܣֿ˶٣
֪ҪһʡµĻȢҲΪϲֻǣȻ㶼Ȣˣ۰ίһӦġ˵ˣΪ˼ҹϲ𣿻ǱŲ֡

ɭԽʣô֪ϲң
ǧǺһЦﻹûӱ͸գû⣬Ͳκε顣˵ˣϲһ겻


˵˻ӾͱϺǰһ˵ˣ϶Ѿǿˣ㻹ưҵ㶨ˣ˼ڼͥϡ㴦ģҪۣҶñ

ɭԽӣ룬ۡ
ϲѹӡ

ǲǾԼˣĪ޲ôԼˣ׷ĪҲûãǵѧôֲǧӣ֪ȥˣȴ˳׬̷Ǯҽ㼸кŮӵ·֤ϲֵܵķϣ˰ۣٸĨȥͷͺá

ɭԽ䵭ضһۣҪ̡
ԼţԼ塣




24.  ת   ԼϹ

ԼĵصСֵһտ

һʼ²ۺôǰμ, ôҲѡǼбƸ񣬺֪, ط˵塣
˵ǵһμĵطһֱ˵ĵط
Ϊ˽ӵҲûö󸾣һ޵ִסúãױֻõէһȥǸѧһ

ۺ͹˺ʱҶľȽûܴһȦ, ﵹͦɾġѧ, һ, ͳۻ, Цݲã͵ĳ, ԵЩˡ

۵һˮҲ, Ȼԧ
㻹浱ǹԷģ
˺Щ, ۹Ϸ, һΪֻʶŮ֮٣Щ̫ۣһСľͻ, Ҷġ

һ£ֲǹϵģԧȷЩ׵, ѹҲóԡ
Ȼ鷳˵˺еɭԽôġ
ۿЦ㿪Цѣһ·㶼ôšȻһֵģİɡ
ǹ˺⣬·ȴЩ񲻶ۻЩ棬ܹù˺Ůˣжá

š˺Ӧһ䣬鵭ȥ

ԼĪ˿ʮӣոϺҶľȽˡ
۸ֵǣҶľȽñۣһѧԺĴſ͵Ҫ֪ͣΪͬ䡣
ǸǲˣҶľȽĿԹۣЩӲȴǱЦֻǿȥЩ۶Щˡ

˵ˣѹһ

ûϵҸˡһڣԼ㶶˼Ƥ
ûԼιˡ

۹˺Ȧл켣˶ϵݣʲô׾ӵݼû
ûĵʮؿһۣ۶ˣǾЩˣθڣٵ㡣
ҶľȽڹ˺Ķ棬˶ٲſڣģҶԣ׶һֱԵġ
˺һۣ۳ԲԲŵҶСᡣ

裡
ҪĲǷѹ

ǿˣ˾ǻװƵúܡ⣬ǵôһʮüˣҲڵù¶ϡ

ҶľȽҲûбĿϣС֪𣿡


ˣ߽Ӧû֡

Ϸݲȥˣ˺ҲҲϡ۶ҶľȽĿ⣬ĪЩ޵ݡ
Щ֪Ϊʲô˺ҶСʮꡣŮ˲شü֮䣬ת˵˺ˣ۶֮ġ
ȣҪҪҳȥ

á˺һۣԷ

ôԵ£
̾һ⣬˭մˣûǿԡ

һٷԵޱȵĳĬֻԱֺľۻ
ҶľȽԵú٣۶ûô꣬ȴѾֽˡ
һԱߵˣ˫۾żֻǰǺҲ¿Σֵġ

ҶľȽһֱ㲻Ǹȥˡ˺ˣټĮˣ㲻Ӧûҵ



۾仰ɱͦģôҶľȽǸֵԼ棬һӶҶľȽɫˣҴ˵˾䡰Ǹ뿪

һɫͬõɭԽ۰ѷţ¹᲻þͱӲһ˼ˣ㻹ǵԼޱӡ
ô򵥡˺֣һ꣬ʲôѶˣΪԼǰ;ҷ֡ҿԲҲٽ

жమڱѵһ̣˺ͻжʱǨ˺ҲǵǸëͷСӣʵǾ籾ôΪһеˡʵΪǰ;Ǹ˵ѡֻû뵽ҶľȽҲ

ӦúܰɣЩпʮɲ̣ù˺ôĸԸģݸӦòֹǰôˡ
˺΢ƣܰ衣ڣѾûָоˡ
ߵˣ԰ʧ𣿡
˺Цһ翴һ㿴ֻ࿴飬ҲԵô֪


Ǹ˺ûˡ

۵Ĺ˺벻Ҫؼңһα
ǹ˺͵˼ſڣǸӣЦҵ£ܡ

Ǻء۷˸ۣк֮ǰܵ顣
ɭԽǻͦõģʲôŤ˵ìжܸҪؼҵģܸǷޡ

˺ú粵ô࣬˵ݣȥ
Ͳסⶬյĺ䣬Щϡ

ʧ
ЦȻᡣ㲻Ķ֮١
飬

-

ۻصҵʱ򣬻磬žŵࡣմһ⣬Ͻף̧ͷƼ˶¥վŵɭԽ

ҷˮҶˡһ߻Ьһȥܽң㱻ɭԽӺ汧ס

Ҫ
ɭԽû˵ְס֣ôȥ㣿

۷£˺һһԼ㲻˵Ҫʦۻ𣿡
Ϲû𣬻Ǳˣ

С岻ȻȥˡɭԽ뱧۽ȥůˣڴϵһᡣ
ûϴ衣һ䡣˵ģܴϴ
šɭԽȥǺ⣬ȥԡҷˮ

˹ˣ
ʶԼ·ÿʱǾʱڸչô̼
ɭԽ֪ĵֲɾһۻۣҲϰ࣬ûȥĵط
ڼ˯þû˯ˣĩģﶼȥڴһõġ

ԣʳˣٳԵ㡣
˻ʳˣ֮ǰһֱʳƷ۶û
ܾï}ûţʱҲˣ̵شӴɿش¹һ·ԡҳȥ

ûţ㱻ɭԽס
ͷһۣһ䣬Ҫϴ衣
ź㡣ɭԽ֮ʣѾֱȥ¡
ȵȵȵȣⳡʵ̫ˣһΪʲôͿһˡͻݡɭԽ

ŵúëˣææԡң͵ǽϡѻͷǰɭԽĬĬһڿˮ㣬ûҩ𣿡

ɭԽֱ̧̧ۣ·ĥ䣬Ȼˮˡ
Դ³Ķ۸ж顣
ɭԽͲӦóϡ

ۿ·Ҫǹ⣬òУʵҾãԡ̫Сˣڡ
ҪҲԡ氡ϸ첲ȵģ￸סÿνƣ͵һ졣
ɭԽһֻۣǸϴ衣˶٣뵽ھƵ䶫ֵҪˣ

һ㣡룡

ɪɪɽԡ棬Ϲ̲ѡȻ֪˶ٴˣôǵҪܺƤʶסأֹһ䣬ôô
ɫǰǶٺãɭԽҲЩ΢̧Ŀ۵ϣϲ

ϵĴϰźԡ˵ģָ׳Ƴĸоۺ̹
ϲһ£Ҳͦ˵ġ
ڣǼ鼴ɭԽǲʲô

ɭԽһԡ¶Ĩĺ󱳣ϸļ˵ɫһЩһ䣬֮ǰ£ίˡ
ɭԽϲж֤£ǾͶۺһЩ

Ͱ·ƪˣǸŮ˵ĴɭԽҲܾˡȻ̬ȣһȥĴ㡣
º룬˱̬ȡôȵһˣûºɭԽƽʲô
ֻɭԽȻˣһ£ԲԼܹί

Сʱһ壬ˣģżֽĸо֮ǰ׵ģһ㶼˼ң˼ҺίŶ


ɭԽԴԵضһۡ
۵ôߣָ̽ɭԽ°ͣȤζӣ㿴ֲ˼粻ϲ˼𣿡
ɭԽĨԡ¶һ٣ͷԵܻľˣåͳȥ

Ǹ֮ǰǼҴò׵

˵ôһ䣬ؿȥ
ɭԽǸˣ
ǳ˿ûз̬ܵȡ
ʵɣ˶дҶȥôˣҪĽɭԽҲˡ

ȣԺСϰɭԽǿӲڿ̬ô֪ηӦˡ
ɭԽûӦִ˴Щ̰ɫף֪˰ɣԺ󻹸Ҳң

ɭԽ£ڡΪ֪Լߵÿһ·ÿһҪֻʶʱַк۵ĸоԭΪڡ

ûش۵ĻˮѾȥɭԽһԵԡʵʵģŻ˷䡣
źĸоͦõģȻһʼе㵣˻᲻ֶšôʵҲͷ

ҽ쿴˺ǰˡȻɭԽ͹˺Ǹý͵ģоǵýһ䣬˵Ϸܿ챻ˡ
ɭԽҲ˴߿˿ֱ˳ư˸סݼ۾ĶܿǼٵġ

ޣʱĥˣΰݺð϶ҳ̫ÿˣһͲˡûصҲǳˣϲ˼ꡣ
һʱڳп󹬡˺Ȼ̫ˡ
˵Ϊʲô˴ôమǲһӣ

ǵ£Ҳ˽⡣ɭԽ͹˺죬Ҳǰ˵λ
Щ꣬ͷû£һӾˡ
ϾҲ벻˰Ҫ

ɭԽ۵۲֮ʣ΢΢ͷһǡ




25.  סԺ   ܷģ첻ֲļ

򹤵, ۹úرɭԽ࣬ϲԷ, ۻԼĿ꣬ڴһ졣

ڵڶʱ򣬸оȫͷģ᲻κεҪɭԽûΪԼֱȽơ
˶ָۿһڴµɭԽΪصǲǴһ٣ôô飿

ͷò˶ͷˡ
ڴһ, Ų˶Ϊ׼, ȥĴָ, ٤涼һҡ
Ҳ, ĴôҲûиðա

۷һۣɭԽɭԽ, Ÿһ죬ӡ
˱, ۲˲䱻, ش˸Ƿ, Ҫȥ
ɭԽһףţĿǱҵȥһ, ûرԵģ
ҺμһȥӰ֮ǣԼ, ɭԽصش

֣ɭԽüͷ΢ŵ壬ؿۼֻۣμһ
Ȼأۿ񣬶ʱȻܷģģҲֲļڡ
̲㡣

ɭԽĬ룬ұȽϲնݳ

Ȼ紵
һϷأ

ѵ磬ûŵ㣬̫ůӱֻ֣̽
ľһ͸˺ܶϢϢģʽڵ㿪΢ţŵһϢ

[ԲҪˣ˵ǳԡ𣬹һϷʮ飬ҵ춼㳦ˡ]
[ۣҲż٣ҲؼңҲܹ˵ڻˡ]
[ҪˣĲˡ]

ľ꣬ƬϵģϢԹ˺Ĳ
ԹҲûðľǹ˺һСôҲ˵顣Ҫ˵Դǵ׷ݵʮǰ

ۣƬ꣬̾͹ȥˡ˵ˣô˼ҲǸ˧磬ѵúһΣ׹
ͷӦϢϢظúܿ죺[Ǽ̫Уˣˡ]

ۿһ֣ЦǼãȷǸˡ뵱ɭԽһνǵʱҲЩһѾƺǾԼӹȥֱӽ⡣

ȿȿȣּϴ.ˡ

[ǲǹ˵˦ˣûǸŮˡ]
ۺ˵ܲΪ˱ܵԭ򣬻һػľꡣ
ۣǹ˵ôܱ˦ƾʹˣڷЩģ¡
ľ꣺[ϰҶġ]

Ҫ¹˺ͷˣۻŽͼֱ˦˵ϡ
ƣɲһôˡ

̵ػ·¥ʱŵһŨĺζʱ۾һС鲽

Ѿڰˣո׼Ƽ̽ͷ̽Եۣ˰ã⺣ాˣ㳢òúȡ
̵տ϶ǺõġȻֻǱķǸɭԽܶ꣬һֱǰġ
ϲͺáЦЦʢһ룬֣˵ŷ¡ͷӣһ䣬С̡

۵СԴֱҨһףشš
ϺѾõģֻֻз⡣һڣҸۡ

ԱЦһ˵ôص࣬ԭ̫̫ˡߵĲʣصʵ˹̫̫ɱĶˡ

ǻΪ֮ǰǼ£˾ԼԿʼˡ
Ҫһֱȥʵͦġ

̫̫ʵ˲ģеʱֻǲôͱദҿó̫̫ǲһġܻһ죬ġ
ʶɭԽôˣ⺢ӼųġʱȻ̬ǿӲЩҲÿǱ˵뷨ģһֱġ

-

Ӱ㣬ճԹǰȥԼ

μһһĴС磬㣬ȴԵصһѣ˼šʱɢɢ߰ƷһڶûгԹ
ôԣѡһâ㣬һڣζǲġμһ۹ⲻԺֵģֻҪ϶д
Ľ˻ʲôμһüۿ֮ǰϽģҾԲ˷ѵģȻȫұȥԡ

⻹ࡣ۵ͷԡСС磬ݳ޿ԣ˷ѾͲˡ
ɭԽͺˣûˣμһȦֻؿۣϹäԺϲĲ⣿

μһΪ£ϸȥһ¹ä¡ԭҲк챻̼񾭲ŻäֲֺĲһβˣζɭԽⱲӶϵóۡ

ʲôýģ۲ԣǻմһͣȥɵֽƫƫ˳úÿʱ򣬻мֹ˸С
μһԽԽɭԽ˼ֱ̫ˣиôÿţ塣ã

äֲ£ҲʡԺһױˡ۵ǾɭԽͦõģȻԼľա
ǻһ룬ٺÿҲɫ˥һ졣ǸʱⲡɾǼŵˡ

μһļ򣬡Ȼô룬Ҿͷˡ
ˣϴ˵£һͷˡǸʲôţֱӾܾˣҲˡμһСһӣɵ̾һ䣬ͦаǱʵģҾüʱգҲܰҳΪһۡ

˾УľˡͯϲģܰҲֻˡϣǿʱҪΪȱǮĸšʱױסͲ֪ˡ

Сμһԥ룬˵˵ĪǷ˺ܶǮΪ˻ծȥ˼Сʱ䣬ͱеŷ֣񻹱һ٣ֱҲ̶áҹᣬȥˡ

ǷǮüô£
Ϲߵ£˵й¶˾ܣ֪μһҡͷ̾ɭԽɭԽһĺݡ

ƲƲ죬Ҳܡ°ˡ
޹ؽҪģͲӦóĪˡ

һһȽϿֲĵӰһֱ뿴ֻɭԽûʱ䣬㿪ĵԼԼСۡ

°μһܣɶԣŮǸͻأɵƲƲ죬ŮֲӰ˼һ𣿡

˵ӰûۻͷͿ˺һŵѾʼˡڵĵƹⶼûأôԣҲЩĿŵˡ
Ĳļ򣬡û£ְм㿿ҲǿԵġ
μһ֪ӦðģЩֲӰ淳ˡ

òСšƿǣ٩һ䣬ǵķŭ𣿡
ǶԵӰļأμһΪص
㲻ԣҲûá
Ըƨֱ£
Ȼǵˣʲôܴ̼

ֵ̣Ӱ˼һẦµġ
Ƽ˼ҽǵĴ̼û۵Ա߱һεεֱϵļƤ񶼳ˣתͷȥֱӺ緢ۡ

ôŭδѵϻмŭ
üӰԺֲҿģһˣ

ǰλĶ̡ʮŵôһӣΪԭˣûҡ̣׼ҵı硣
֮ǰѧʱۺЩͻ׵Ժˣ׼ҵСүһֱǳ

㣡һһȥҰչҵӰԺ

һ⸱ӾЦǮֲ׬ģżǮᣬǷᰡ
Сүǲƴ֡
Ǯ

̣λ𣿡ŮؿһۣԼòװϵĴͻȻֵŮߣϽȨ
Һ죡ǻλáɫǲã§Ů߿·ʲôˮҰһ

ԭѡλãŶС£̾Ȼֱȥ˵һšĻô̧ͷҲ˲ӡ

μһϷĿֱģһԣ㻹⽿үԨԴ
ȦﻹԵڰЩСԶ׼ΨһĶӣٶʶ
μһҲ̣ÿξۻᣬ˾͸ǿȸһվģ˶ΧҪ֪ˣһСүῪ
ӡУӦúСү졣

Եɡۺһڿ֣Լ׳٣ʵҲûʲôҽĳѡ
ϣݡСүĳҽƣֻըëѾܺˡҪٽһ㣬ǿһ㣬͸õԼҽõİΣˡ

Ӳ£ⲻ֪޵ǾһԵ±ԹҲ֪ж۳̾һ
ˣ͵ˣҽô£
͵ꡭΧĵƹⰵȥΧһƬѹӰ˵

ϵֻͻȻ壬ڰͻأúܡΧĿ׷ĴѰԴ۱ҵһʾˣμһ˸èȥ

ɭԽĵ绰۽𣬡ôˣ

-

۸ϵҽԺʱɭԽϡ

յģĸϹ·Щ³˿һСʱŵҲ֪˶ãɫܽͦεĵһ㡣

ԴʶɭԽʼ˺һֱᵹһǰأæǰæ󼸸ҹϢҲڲ⣬ӰֱͦʱԺﶼסˣȴܿɼ֡

Ҳ֪ʲôʱʼԺѾɭԽ˶塣һֱܿɿ·ʲôµܴ
ɭԽҲûйûе¹Щ˵飬ɭԽƺ

Ҳǻ۵İɡ

˽ŲߵɭԽߣһ䣬أ
ܴ̼̫󣬸͵ϢɭԽЩƣ˵۵Ļ
۲֪˵ʲôˣ˲֮ǰ˵ʲôͽ͡

ΪˣΪʱʵ̫ࡣ




26.  ת   ҿѧϰô

ⳡСʱʱͷ, Ѿ׵ذ

ƽ˲䣬ɭԽ˷ӦӲ嶯˶, ȴΪһ̫ãλһ£ۼֿ죬סһԵǽ
Ҳææشյߣ˸һĵ

λǲ˵ļǰͷҽԼʮӣſֻ֣¶һ˫ȵ۾
Ƕǡæҽôˣ

ѾΣ, ֻôáĸʹ, ЩΪûϧ˲ë, ĸܶʼ˥ˡһ̨, ζΣһ֡

۳Ĭ˼룬ʲô취ӻ˥ˣ

ϲǳ̬, ˵ܴﵽ˼޾ͻῪʼ˥ˡȽ飬췴Ӧܴ, ǲ, ҲûҪҽ۾, ְοһ䣬ûʲôˣҽԺһܣҪûĻ, ͿԳԺˡԺǵö飬ʲô⣬ҽԺҲþԲߡ

۵ǵסɭԽ, οһ䣬ҽ˵ˣµġ
ɭԽءšһû˵

ƽ˲ҽĽ飬֮ǰҪŲϢԺﵹˣڲԶԶؿһ۰һֱţҲߡ
ͻȻεɭԽֱһ顣⵹ûУЩã̫ܲĴ̼һЩܲס

֣ҺȥЩԵģʲôɭԽԺǰ޷Ѿ׵ˡ
ǰСʱɭԽܼǵüеԺ緢һõʱ
ʮȥֲʱ䣬¡Ǹ˾ˣҲѹ

Եɣ軹ûѣҲûʲôθڡԺ̾һ
壬һŲ֪ʲôʱըըһֱǸСÿһҽԺһһǰǼ֤Ǵʱ٣˭Ҳܱ֤һΣ᲻ôˡ

֪˸񣬿Ժܿס첻ԷȰչ˺Լʱˣ
Ժ̧̧ͷðβŵЩɣþûˡ

ҽԺû򿾺ģɭԽ˳СԽֵķʻȥײ˫ݣֵʱ򡣲Ÿոչһ·ڣǰȥӵС

ұ߽ȥиͣµĳ̶ȣ߹ȥһ㡣۵һ綼ҽԺ棬ԱˡѵóҲǺõġ

ɭԽȵͣȳӺ󣬲ͷȥۣ岻ãϣһ㶨һǰܴæǽ飬֪㡭

ʲô˼Ķ˰أƺܲµɭԽ˵ʲôȥֲ֪ͼĹε

ôģԼȻ˼ҰԼŮԴҲͬȵػرȥ£ȻҴ٣ҲǴӦġҲʲôǿȡǿ飬ΪʲôɭԽĿУԼˣ

ɭԽ˶һΪءؿ޸ôĶҲϣҴãûпǹô

ԽԽۿ˳ţصعϡ
ͷɭԽܿһأļͷѾһס
һĵ

ɭԽҲǿԼϡ¶ȸߣŴ٣ҹˣ
һƵСɭԽ˻Բôǿôֻһû˵ΪҪ˵ʲô
۱۲ҲҪûйֹûС

֪ɭԽ۵ӡ
´ˣЩΣֻǰɭԽһӣΪҪ˵ʲôĻ
һ£תƻ⣬Ҫ˵ʲô

ͺϣҪӣ֪㲻ԸֻΣ⡣
ʵʱ򣬰ͺ¡ֻǸʱ۵ĸ黹ֿǵѧݣû

۽Ųһ٣ѾͣͷĺϮֱ¡ŬסɭԽǡҪӣ
ǰ˵Ҫת̫죬һʱ仹Щܲ

ų⣿

ҡҡͷֵ˵ͷ˼룬ͷɭԽ֪ôһҺԸҲϣҵĺΪ֮䱾ǵùҹҲϣúôļͥ

Сûеõƫ˲⣬һֱеһɭԽôȥˣͲҪӡ

ܽҲ㣿ɭԽ΢Сȣ۵״żЦ⡣
ǳ۶ûв

ҵȻ⡣Ҳ˽ġֻǾãʺҪСġ
ʵǲϷܹһӡǺӣҲͦҵġижڻû裬иΪصװ֡


ɭԽûղŵĻ⣬ǣ֣оö£սһ㣬䣿
ϻò۰ǽɭԽֱۣĿֱضףղŲ𣿡
Ѿܾˡ


۹㲻ǿӲһʱŮ˵ҪҪ
ҹ֪ô䣬߹ȥöʮӣĻǱȽϱ˿ࡣͷȶ춳ɱˡ
ɭԽΪܵû˿ĲҪ䡣


ò뿴ȴܲס⺮䣬ꡣ

ɭԽǰСԴ̾һۡ
΢΢˿֮ʣףϣۣҿѧϰô㡣

ǰų¡׳Ϊ˵ߣֻҪһ߾͹ˡֻǽȻã˵޸еһδĻӦûź

ʱ⻹Ҳѧϰôȥˡ

ûһжһѾؿΪȥˣ
ɭԽ˻ᰮ;ëȻ

ɭԽһѾؿۼۣΪӡ
Ϊۡ

-

ֹôһͨɭԽ鵹Ǻúܶġܾï}ûţ󲻳ɭԽӣҲ󲻳ɭԽӡ

ʳ¯õֵʱ򣬻̵֪ۡԺθãԲ̫Ķ˰һ·Źȵģպá

һû˵ĵطԺذźѾϣҲ

ۿñǼеᣬȽ磬Ҳʮ껹ʮԺͰʮˣ̬ԡ

ܹΪʲôɭԽôܣǿǮҲֹ˵˥ϡ
ǽ彥׷Բԡ֪ϲǳ̬ȴҪʱߵһ㣬һ㡣

һ꣬Ժ￴һۣͰɭԽ۵ȻͻȥϢɣĸס
ɭԽ֣岻ãҹҺţһȥϢ

ԺﲻͬҡͷҶϹͷˣʲôϢġ۴æϹֱʱˣָô˵㡣
۸Ͻӻ֣ҲŲ䣬˿úܣҽԺҲпյҡ

ҲЩȥԺӣƽʱæˣʱʱóʱ˴죬ûúóԡҽԺţûǵλáȻȥúõϢٹ

ֲԺֻӦصҵʱ򣬶ʮˡ
۳ԲСֵĳζ̫࣬ûšæھͷ£ɭԽһû

ĲԶ۷.ڲͷɭԽҵĸɹرóԣţҲнҪǲԣҿɾֻһ˷ˡ

ŵ֮Զ׳֡ɭԽͷһۣӵⲻ𣿡
һͷҹȥҶ⣡
ɭԽë׾ٵش䡣
ųСⱻҵ̶ۿȥ۵׵˼ԡ

ôһ㣡쳤ôˡ˵ˣͲرݵģԶôһС⣬Ǻ

ɭԽü

۸ŭˡ⹷Ʋգоǰ͹̵ĺģϵһ⣡ȻˣĿǳ

ˡ۶ֻĹĵܽԡҡ
Ҫʣݵûͷ֡ȻɭԽҲоģĪʹ鰧ʵ֣

ϴԿʼʼͣ۲ϴͷĥ˴СʱֱɭԽЩȥˣ

ϴֲ¡ۻŸղ£ղԡ滹һԼģشϸȳƤףˣǵҪݳ˲ϲ

ԡҴ׻赹ɭԽһ䣬ˣ¥ȥԡ
ˣЩ죬Լֻ飬˲֪ļңõĻԼֻġ
ԣɭԽȻ֪գ붼֪ôһܶزס

ɭԽһۣԴȵĿţл
лʲôлҵǮֻԺһ

˫࣬¥
ȺģȳڣҸۡζҲɭԽǸ˲ܡ
ո뷢Ȧ΢ϱ㵯һתˡ
ɭԽתˡ

۵㿪һʮˡ
಻٣ǿ
㲻




27.  ϸ   Ҳˣ

, ɭԽӸոһͱۼֿعصͷȥ, ˯òʵһȻϡ΢΢һԭ˯۾ͱˡ

ԴЩ£ǰɫչȥһڡ˯ϸͱɭԽ᲻صһ£ȥҽԺ˯ᡣ

ҽԺ
, Դ˻, һЩ, Ҹһȥ
ɭԽĬ, ĳŲŮˣȥĻ

ޡ, ҪԼıӷֿһҪ־顣ҧ, Ĭļֵ, һƿ, Ь´
ɭԽҲԡң۸ոռࡣȻȻԱŲһ, λ˳

ϴ̨ܴ󣬵Ƶľ˵ĿȡֻǺͬʱ𴲣ǵһ, һϴ

ˢۿžеˡͷûãЩըëЩɰ
ȻֿͬͷˣɭԽƤҪȹ˺Ǹ˺öˡƤϸƵʱҲûʲôëס
˵˵Ϊʲô˵ʱôƽò˳ֵӵ˾۵̡

ĥ䣬ȥѡ·ɭԽûôĥ䣬ѡϴ̵ʱ򣬾Ѿϴˡ

ѡһ֧ɫϴ̣ĨѾߡ

ɭԽѡһɫ޷û϶ܸожôʵеľһ׺ë£ϸĵظѡһĨص¡

ǿʽ֮ǰû

Ҳ򣿡ЩɭԽϣ²һ䣬ЩСˡ
䣬ŵĿӾͱɭԽɿһ㣬ǰǰģСԺٳʳ

¥Ƕʳġһ䡣֮ǰɭԽΪ˵ǸĿɲ٣䣬ûһ£Բꡣ

۵ĺãƤۣСϸ˿̱ɭԽסһЩΨϸˡ
ɫ˰Ѵ¸ϣŸղŵĻ⣬ԳԶ㣬Ᵽů

ҡ
һҲԡɭԽ§һ۵ϸһֱֻȫ§סֻǺ㿪Ц

ɲڿЦƲƲ죬۸մô£ë±

ȻᣡֹѾԴë棬Щܡ
ˣɡ
ʵ봩ëµģ޴Ǽ޷Ѿˡ

ڷ˰СʱҪȥҽԺҲûлױ򵥵ػ˸ѷɹ˪Ϳþͳš

ȥҽԺʱ򣬰ѾˡڴϣԱߵԺιŰࡣ

һܰקסɭԽֱۣǵȻٽȥ
ӣ۱ű±ǳǳش˸ǷԴ΢ᣬͿɭԽļϡ
û˯ɭԽ˿˳ס˴룬΢΢̧֣ͷ۵Ķ

Ӧһ

˺һᣬ۲źɭԽȥɫǺܲˣ¶һЦҸղžƼˣΪԼۻ

ҺɭԽŲͰֵദ۹Աߣ˱±裬ɭԽصð̸ҽ˵⼸ʳ嵭㣬ȵܺá

̾һ岻ǡ
˵ˡ켵̫Ҹˡ۵
㰡ͻҿġЦȫûʲôӶǰȴǶ

ʵʵ˵۰Ժչ˰£һֱΪЩģܸ֡

ûһۣɭԽ˾æɣ
ǰҲԺģһףǹ˾æʱԺθҲǸʱ򰾳ġ

æܴáɭԽӵĶǴĿȻ࣬ӯȴɵ͹

ɵúúóԷܶԼθĥ˰뱲ӣɱѧϰһ¶ȸպõһڣߵۣҲǣʡСҼҵģһǽзóԵľ͵óԣҪɭԽԣҸ״

Ȼ裬ԼĶ˽׵ġⲻɭԽš
̲סͷһɭԽɺ߶ϡ΢΢ͷ۵׵ɫ谵

Ҳ˹ˣҴĶǲ·ɭԽ޷Ҳݣôôÿ

Сڵ񻥶ԺһۣղЦЦ

ɭԽ绹иҪȥ̸۰͵ҽԺſڣǵð緹ˡϪڵǼըܺóԣԳһ¡
ҲըɭԽϲʳʲôģƽʱǲġ
㳢һ¡ۻشֱ׳ըߣͣԼξͿ϶֡

ɭԽһ۾Ϳ뷨ҲǲԣҪ˶٤٤ùΣ
һϢɳţҪͳȥԴȡ᲻ܲˣȵʮ꣬ͻ

˶鷳ԸʳƲƲ죬
ٹȣֱɡ


˵óĻ
һ붼࿴ˣ˦ͷߣˡԶͣ

صʱֻаһˡ

ȥϢˡ֣ǳЦûкúˣ˶ˣǡ

۹ţǱȽϺõĲյ㣬Ҳ䡣
޷һԣЦ裬ո̫ۡ˯ᣬˣĶöС

Ҷ˯һˣĻʲô⡣˲һˣ˯˾˯ˡһЦ
˳ƶ̧ͷ㿴ӵ

ҺʶʱǸСӡǻҺᣬʱ˹ͬһ¿ڡ˵Щ۵ʱ⣬۵׶һҸ

ҺͶˣܶ鶼ˡֻΪĸҶɭԽôŲġɭԽӦú˵˰ɣ顣

۵˵ͷ˵ˡ

ɭԽСʱҺ־æŹٹǵȵˣԼ뷨һǺüꡣϲˣôƢֻҪʵЩ꣬Լһ˿ġ֮ǰػǻᣬһֱ롣ҪҺͻȻˣɭԽһˡ

ԺѰԼҪһ찲ĲˣҲϡ
¸ĸģµľǰ֮󣬶ɭԽһˡ

۸˸֣裬֪˼õġɭԽҵɷһܺãȵ߹Ⱳӡ

ʵ˵ˡ
ⱲӣɭԽûٿǹˡ

̸ʱ򣬸ոչĵ㡣

ְػ㱨ܣ֮ǰĪԽӵĿѾӷ塣Ŀǰֽ׶ΣսȣһӦȫϤ

šĹƵľˡù˾ʱЩӰ࣬ԼӰรһս
ɭԽԱӰֻ࣬ĩʮºһµʱ򣬹࣬ԱʱñȼӰࡣ֪࣬ԸøĹʺ͸
ҲΪʲôϻҵڷչѸ͵ԭ򡣸ãȻԱԸΪǿɭԽһǲߵ塣

õģܣϷԸȥ
˶٣ʱ乫˾飬һ࿴ţԷĴԼ顣

ɭԽ˵ͷ¥ݣԱиŮһԲۣɭԽô
ѰȥŮźʽ֮ǰ۸ġպ߶ϣŮ˾ţһӴܵûӰˡ

ܣλС㡣۵ĹϵȦСúۣʶġ

μһ
ɭԽüȥС




28.     ѧϰôȥ

μһ촩ıǺ, Ӷû׾ٵ׷
С, ȱȡȶֲʧòȴû취û

μһţ̬󷽵תͷȥ߰һЦȥɭԽμһȿȣҪŵڵġ

º͵ЦЦ, һʵת, ֪ŶӵĻ, Сʲôʱпգ
̫̫ĺù, ӣֱһޡҲ, ܹסЩСžǱѹ

ڡμһ˵˾, Ҳǿͷ, ɭԽҪ, ôܸҲү
һԼҵ½μһ̽һ䣬ʲô
û˵ͷһ¥ϵŵɭԽ, С㣬롣


ˣö˶˵ʲôҪ, ܶܲ졣

̳ĿҲûʲôúȵģȲЩڵĿȶ
μһ˼Ҳ⿧棬֮ǰƼɭԽ˵ɫôá쵹ѵõºͣôһƣֵӦеı顣

ҲǸûʶľúÿҪ˵С̹ġСӴ˻ڣԺô졣
μһڣüסһĳ嶯ֽ˲죬һٷܣʲô£

ɭԽü˼ôڡ

һüμһĻˣɭԽʲôû˵ԼԲһϷ
ֲЦ˵ԭμһȳԼĴ󣬡ϴС飬ˣǾ̸̸ԹҴµĿ˵㶫Ϊ˿϶Ҳżķ곡ϷҲӦõģܵ档

ɭԽȿȵһ١
ǵǰۣı»ûô룬Ҳ֪˭ѧġ

л£ǺˣԲǹǵġܺǼۼֱɲŮòúܡףǰúϣӣ

ᵽ£ɭԽɫЩˡһΣļαܶ࣬μһһ֣Ŀɲ
Ǽһֱдԣ˵Լˣۼ޸ټϺܵУԱԽԽҡ
ЩȴҲ١

ǿݵ飬ʵӳ˲Żġǿ׳ģһۣЩҪ



ɭԽɫԽԽûƽЩμһȫһԵذЩ·ÿһǸоԼҹɵСϣͻȻ˸鳼̻ݣҵ

¿ȣɭԽμһੲݵĻС㲻̫ţûҪ˵˼ֻ˽һЩ顣

-

չ۴ҽԺ

óֻ򳵣μһں˹ۣǼĹֿµġһҾĻŻˡ
ˣ·ȥǰͻȻͣһɫĳǰȥ΢΢һЦ

˵ˣûһܵģϹ˰μһԽԽûӣߵغߣҿμһμҵĹϹҪҲ֪ǰԤԼҲҪӵɭԽ˲𣿡

˵ƾɭԽμһͱǰʲôμҹӡ
ֻǱ۵Ǿڳϣֻܺȥ

յúܸߡ޷ȵòСȥסֻ·ʱֻСĵϡ

ɭԽĿӺͬһָֻμһʹ洫˳Ҳܣ㾯ϹԺҺȿȣǰʮԤԼòϺõĽڿȶУ


ʶȥɭԽɫδ䣬ֻصĶߡ

ô˵ˣμһƣˣ㲻վϹǱ߰ɣɫѵļһ
ǡһѾؿɭԽȲ˵ˣġ
𰡣һû²ꡣμһһӵĻղɭԽǰжھж뷢й
ȿȿȡ

μһûᣬôģɤ۰˵˵С
ۺμһʾֻԱ߾ɭԽƫƫŮҲ֮⡣

˵ɭԽһۣˣ


ûпѹֲֻͣͷߴߴʱûˣ˼룬μһҧгݵصټ

ۿűҶϵĵ绰ҡͷ̾ϢμһǸӻˣͲûаѡɭԽԱߡֱ׵ظμһκλСŭͷͲôӣ׵ص

ۣ[ɭԽ]
ͷܿظ[С㲻㣬ߣ]

ҪǸԶ뱩μһ²˰Ҳû˵ص㡣һֱ죬ôɭԽȿˡ
ֻɭԽǱŲһ㡣ע⵽Сһۣˣ

ʲô䣬յȵˡҲ֪ɭԽƤʲôģô͸¡
μһʲôԺ˸뷨ûɣ
ϾμһɭԽӡһֱá飬飬˷ָȿȿȡ

ɭԽǿ׳һ۸񣬡ˣ˱ȡ
ô򵥣۲ţɭԽӣôͼıء
ɭԽͼʲô

ҲǣμһŵǮˡֻɭԽǰǲô
Ǿûĵʲôģĵۺȿȡ

ԱڵĿ


ܺá

-

Ϊ壬ҲûסƵꡣ֮͵ûҽԺȥ㰲Ժʹˣеʱ氾ס˺˵µʱ˰۶ȥˡ

ۣ˺ģסֻȥ޳ôң
ǾͿ£㶼ˡǼ飬ʵɿء۰̲˺ǰһƣ̲ͣȡ

˺ޱؾܾҲ̲裬ⶫ̫塣

黹أҲѧ󿿣Ϣö˶Աţԭֵľ鵹ѵð˼֡
˳Ź˺Щָȥ۵ȴ˼־̬ôŪôӣϲ;ܾϲһ𡣹ѧǰһֱ̬𣿡

˵Ӽ򵥡˺̲裬΢ȵ¶ȴ֮дü棬˵䣬ŰããЩһڣʹٰ㶼ԭ¡
һˣֻҪһ뵽ԼֲǰƽЩȥСһһһعؿڡ

תͷһۣЦһֲҪãҺ˵Щʲô

Ҿ㰡۳Լ°ͣ㿴㣬ôˣҪǹ¶˿ô죿
Ȼ˺ܶ࣬ʱҲȴǺĵشԼʶܾãҲǰԼİ翴

Ҿ¶Ҳġ˺ôҽܶ󣿡
۰һۣɣôࡣǵжǸ˲Żӡ
õĵңܺϵģ˳ҲǸӲʹġҿɲܣϲ


ǣô࣬赥

ػɣ˺ʧ⣬ԭ캮ضģҲľˮϷ߰˱顣ľˮʱ򣬴ϣֱ¡

Ͻˮǰͷľ궼ˣҲûأ

һˣһˡľ궳ݶڴ˵
Ͳʲô󿧣Ҳǻֺñ˵ӡȻݼһϷķҲܺãȴôù˾ӡҲͶ󣬿

ȻûϷˣȻؾƵϢСĸð̾һ˸С̫ľԱߣ⼸Ǿģһֱͣģ
ֻҪ΢ĲԾ͵ˮ±䣬һˮ׶Ӳ.ص߰˱顣

⻹õġľ껺˻䣬ȴˣ㲻ϸϷҪǣ˵˼ǣҪֳɫСڷѡ

ɫ
Ǹʲô

˵ۣ˵ĹǲǺܸߣ˵ˣ⼸˵ֻһľЩ档
˵һľЩȣͼʲôӦòȱǮɣ
Ȼͦߵģ۵Щ˵ҲʮһµĹʣһġ

Ҳ֪ǸоȽûĿꡣǹ˵ˣԾˡ
ЩաСͱʮӡûʲôҲûʲôĿֲ꣬ȥһֱãȻ

Ľľ̾һ䣬ۼϲ˲䣬Ϲأǲָ߸˧ģ

аɡǰˣɭԽʵ̫ˡ
ľ곯˴ĴָĽӮҡ

ҲһֱôΪģҪ˵̫ࡣһյˣܺܶ˼ŬһӣҲӵӵеġ

ֻǣǾһ̫ˣܵЩ
ͱڣ۶ǰ֪ʲôĶĬ룬Һûʲô°ɣ
ʲô÷.Ʋ⡣

ɭԽ治ɫذǳ֮Ϊ㡱Ķǰһƣԡ
ͻȻһûա
˵ҪȴֱɭԽ£ˣ㲻õġ
Ÿ˺

ҽԺʮˣɭԽҲ֪ĸˣǵҪ㣬Ȼ˳һѲ֪ʲô⡣ػɣǹ.ƭ.ա

еû𣿡һؿɭԽʵ̫УԶ࿴ļ㲻ʺ³㲻𣿡
Ķһ㣬ûʲôζɭԽĶҪġһ΢¯ըˡ

㲻ô֪ζãɭԽҨһڣ͵۵ߣһ䣬㲻Ҫ𣿡
ҪûԼ
̾Ϣһ˱ľģ׳һڡ

壬Ҳ֪ǲǶȫȥˣֱüͷЩġûгͣҲܶࡣ̬ζòóѾˣһγڣҲڡ

ѳԡŬȥһ䣬һϵؿɭԽԺˡ
ã´λһԡɭԽûһ
ͲⰡ⣡

ۺܾ챻ɭԽᡱطϴ֮ǰǸ⣬Ѿо˲ԭ˺
Ҫʿɶֹ̫ȵĻＫط֪
Ŷģ꣬һ¥ϴȥ

Ĺĵ¥ɭԽջĿ⡣
ϲĶɶˣ簡Ǽĸ㡣
μһ˵ġ
룬ѧϰôһˣҪѧϲԵʳ

˴üԼһڡ
úܡ
ǣҲûˡ




29.     ۣеģҲ

ָò, ֻθһֱôáȵĶ˵ǳˣŵ, ÷θúܡ
ɭԽð̶Щ嵭ģϵʱ˰ͺһȥ

ϿԵ˵סԺ˲ٵĶһ˺ͺģ۱Ա߳ˮ
Եǰ鲻ֻ⼸ûô档ڵˣÿһμ涼Ҫྺóһʱ䡣

ۿԺɫԽԽԣ۲ųԲ, ҽ˵˲Ҫע, ĵɡ
СԵЩġ
۰λ͵ſ, Ǿͷİ, ҺɭԽš

Ҫʲôܰæģǵø˵ԵҲЩп, 갲岻ãǼĴˡ
ǰһھӵʱ, һ֡һ², Ƕ, Ҳˡ

֪۵ɵע壬ˣܡرǰ, ˾飬÷žͷţǼֲȱǵǮ

ռŮ, ͯûм̳ռҵ˼Ͽô󲮼ҵĶӼ̳УøΪҲʵТ˳趼áռҵĹ˾øϣǶġ

ֻǱͬɭԽҪѧĶ̫ࡣϿĲ£¶òš˵ϸиĿͳ˲һЩϿýżʱֹ

˾飬ֻᴦõġϿһԼҵŮ㰡ͷܲǵע塣ʵڲУǹǾʹˣȱǮĻʰҪ
Դۼ޸ɭԽûùϿһǮϿ˵üΣֻ۵Ҳ˵

ԵǾŮӶһЩãۿϹϽģɱ
ϿôˣŮӾҪŵ㡣ռҵĺӣӦŵġ
ԵһۣԽԽͿ㶮ʲôԼϲ̲

˺ˣ裬ЦЦѵĽ泳ܣͦġ

ò׺˳ϿͻȻ뵽ۣ¸³ɾСͯˣ㹤ǱߣӦòæİɣСͯϲ㣬ȥڹûһ졣

˺պ˵µ׾͵ȥһС㣬ƵöʮҡЩΪѣֻܵ԰ɣӦ١
ǾͺáϿΪοȥɣ䣬ɱˡ
áһתͷ㿴ɭԽվڲԶüǳǳؿ

ղŰ趼ڵʱ˿Ϸ룬ӵ쾡¡һ·ԵɭԽ޲ڡ˵ʲô˲࣬Ůˣһ

ǻϷԺ˵ݣܿһ£һʲôġֻɭԽۣ벻

Ҳȥɣҽ˵ָòٹܳԺˡ

ҽԺˮζһֱҪؼҡ˵ҲܻˣֻԺܾòģӲҪסһܡ

ɭԽûпһͬȥҹԵĵƹ𣬰ǵӰúܳ

⼸ˡֵùֵߣȥʮһ˯ߵֵˡ

ⲻ࣬ҪĶԹؿɭԽһۡ
죬ԼˡҲǿ׳ȻûӣҲǸ漣
ɭԽͷñӣסԴģҹУΪܸж

жƨ
۷˸ۣΪС˵пЩͲܸʵʵģ

ɭԽĬˣ֪˵Ļ
ԭôѡ
ѧᰮһˣеѡ

ʲô۲ԣͣҲᣬ¸СͯգΪҪпյĻǾһȥμջᡣÿСͯջᶼúܴ󣬻нĿݣͦġ

ǵһɣáһϣ˳ԣɣ÷濴ĿصЩ˶ͦ˧ģϧˣΧˣ֡

ôûУɭԽǵã۵һ㶼ܵ͵˵һξǺμһҹɵ˹⣬ɳ̲Ϸһһҹ

ֲϲЩƲƲ죬СͯȽϰ棬ֵáǽ㣬϶óһ㡣˵ˣǼһŪջᣬܸоֵֹġ
ȦˣۻˣһһҲ͹ˣ˷ӡ

ȵû޵ǿˡͯǰнӣҲװһµĺŮǰԭα¶

ƨҲŲޣǲÿζô֡ûصֿʼˣΪһˣʲô£ǾҺ۸
Ժ޵㣬ҾͲ㡣Ҫ۶£ѵԼǰԣҲͦõġ

裡ԽԽöڱǰǰǰᣬ
ɭԽüͷһ壬ҰŪޣ
۲˵ˣ΢΢˵ͷñµƽӡ

ۣͯеģҲС

۱Ǽһᣬˡ˹ȻǹģϲŪԼ

˹նɱ֣ͻȻż⣬ɭԽĲϡ
˳ҲΧⲱҲûů١ģټ̽
ǵλãɭԽס֣ۣǴϡ

Ա߿һۣ˵ģҲࡣñӣƹְĿ϶
ѽ˼Ҳء۽εεЦϹ˼ҪŶ



֪ΪԼһ仰ԼڴϿ޵òеĻһԥʱԼ
ɭԽŪˣ޵úܴ֣Ͳû¥ˡ

.ȵĺǣѾ۳ɹˣȴǿžȥñȽ˵ˣЩɵġ
۰˺һˮЩκġǰ䲻ҹ籾ŵһ飬˺ȥ

ҹɲǿ˯ġ˺ʱдľ籾ѴٺѾдľ鶼飬ȱгֵд
Լľ籾ԽԽ⣬ζſ϶Ҳȱ㡣Թ壬Ȼ۶ԹµĹ˼һѾ֮ǰ֮У˺㷢ŵ㡣

Լû̵һ

ͲԼЪһЪ۴˸ǷЩݣд籾˺ڿ졣绹ţд籾ҲͣЪ

˼·ˣͿʼʡ˺ɨһϵǺۣɵҡͷ̾ϻͦæġ
Ӳһһ㣬ܱãед籾

˺÷һԵı±ϡҶľȽǲϷ˵Ҳˡ֪˺뿴ʱҲûڹ˺ǰһΣ˰Լ緹͹

ôҲǸ£ѾвõĴˡ治һǾٺһ㡣Ĺ˺ļ򣬡˼ҹҲʮˣ鲻𡣡

˺ĬĬĿٰ֣һæ

_

۾ԼֱǸӾĶţÿζȰֵġ

֧ƱҶľȽǰƣЩˣҶС㣬ǹѧഺ⳥ѡ˵ഺܱǸǣҲϣΪֹ

ҶľȽɫ˽ûнӹ֧Ʊǵġûл𣿡
ͬȴƫڹ˺ҶС㵱ѧʱôûпǹ죿

ҶľȽҧҧķɫܰףۿ΢죬ҪһС㣬ʵҺĽ㡣Сʳϻкܶˣ±ѡ£ҶԲǣּҾõ˵һݳޡ

ܲãһڼʮƽ׵ļʲôоҲãһֻ԰ӵᡣҶľȽûסᣬǴλҺҪֻȥˣܸıҵҲҪõվߣҺܰҲһӽİ

о仰˵úܶԣŵԺҪҶľȽ˲ᣬЩǸؿһۣǸСǰ˵ôĵĻ

۲֪˵ʲôˡ

ʵ˶ûֻ̫һˡ˺˳˳ˮģٲúͷи˼ңԲù˼ʲôҶľȽͲһˣ˵ЩʵǺܸͬܡֻǾãúࡣ

ҶС㣬㻹ǰ֧Ʊ°ɡ̾һǡˡ˵ˣϣҶС㣬ǰƽ
ҶľȽҡͷǰûôҲˡ



Ҳ֪ǲΪҶľȽԭһ鶼ôáصҲǣԹ緹ɭԽĻ䣬ͰԴϲˡ

ɭԽĿӵƵϣίˣ
ѵü

ûУеꡣ۰ɭԽָǰһֱǰƽһףŷ֣ζŷ롣
ÿһαҵףǰƽȻعͷЩˣ֮Ҳû

ôף㣿ɭԽһ䡣

ȻúأĽɣǰڰϺͬѧĹϵģֻǺ˸Եܶϵˡ
ɭԽüĽֻǾã㹼˻ͦġ


ǰ̲𣿲Դʳǣﹼˣ

ҧҧɭԽ°ͣЦһ٬Ȼˣ޺󹬼ǧ˵Ȼ١




30.  ߵ   ܲܲɫĶ

ʵԴ˴ѧ, ͺ˵жĻֻɭԽǰ̲ס׳һ

һ, ۾;ЩˡٿɭԽޱ飬·һ
ֱҧһɭԽĲӡɭԽЩʹСԴǹ𣿡

ǹ˿ڣӡӺȴûмѪŤͷȥݺݵص, 㿴ʲô, ûŮ
, û
Ŷ, äôˣ

˸ۣ۴, ˵£µҪȥ¹ݵһ, Ҫʮ
¹ݣɭԽӡ, ʱ·ΡƺкܱԵһСس, ˣ˵

ţĻ°ɡǰҿ϶ģСͯ, ҿҲٻ
۲̫٣ȷ˺˵Ҳûʲô, ǻڡֻӦϿҪǲȥĻҲúϿͯ

ɭԽŵƽ壬棬Ǵӵֽʲô
ǧ壬֡¹Զ֮ǰеģʡŰ¹ݻֵƺ͡

ɭԽָƽӵ֡û鵽ǿһƪǧ̵֧£ҲƬӺãһ·϶·ӿݵġ
滹дһЩЩѧ֧̹з£ԽɭԽüͷԽ˵㲻

Ϊʲô˶ȥҺôҲǹ˺ȥĻԵöɶ˵ˣξҪϷݡⲿĽɫҲһ۸Ȥˡ
ԱǺηʥΪӽȡ

ӦɭԽƬۿ¶ȻﻹͣûůҲܺ񡣡

ҲЩĵģȻûɭԽôҲûȥôĵطǣӦ˹˺
ǹ˺ܵסҲǰ¡˵ˣЩԱÿ컹ôϷҪģǶࡣ

ɭԽƽ壬Щۣȥǲģûȥࡣ
ɭԽͲҪԼ׬ǮԼڼģŴӦȥֻֻʺֻʱǲӦܿࡣ

۲˵ˣȥЩơ
ǰɭԽģȰһûˡԴǴ֮˾ͰԼˣҲ֪ʲô̼ˡ

ɭԽЩͷˣذСԴۣ㲻ǲΪ𣿡
Ҳֻ㰡۱ܾôôãȻҾһ޳ɣ䲻㡣
Ӱİ׻ɭԽҲˡԣŬɳһҵ
ҲǡҲԼǸˣǱ¸ɳԼҵ

ӣɭԽҲǿԵ࣬Ͳ֪õġ
ȥǾȥֻѡģʱҿޡ
ҿ޸ƨ۵㲻ߣҿĻ

ɭԽҲһ͸СһӶѡԽԲ˵õӦԷʽ

¾ôˣһӲһĬĬһѱůͳԵġ
þͲã㶫Ҳġ

_

ֹ˼죬ѾԺˣֻصԼıԺ档ɭԽѵϢԺҲûۻΪһҪദҲûȥ

ʱ򣬻ߵࡣǰһ˯˯磬ϰˣӡ̻ûΪҪ˯緹

ʳܱ۵˷ɳо籾
˵ʱܻѩϵ¶ȶܵ͵һȣżƼ·Ҷ˪
겻ô̫ƽദ´꣬˲ׯڡ˶죬ֱҪöࡣλϷ

μһǼһܲⶬյĺ䣬ǰһкֱܵȥˣ궼ˡ
绹ں̲Ƶ˧ͺüһɫ̹

ǹ֣¶ó
ֺҲ֪ʱþˡ

ɭԽʱ۸պڲݡſɢɢʮŵĵطûС

ôô磿Ķͬǿݣµ͵Ϊʵ̫ˣɭԽûſڲꡣû뵽Ÿղ˼ɭԽͿˡ

ɭԽѿŲһ㣬ڳλûЬôôݣ
´䣬ҵ׼װۻһ䣬ů˺ܶࡣʲôС͵ůʳ׼ˡ

ɭԽɨһۣССİúܣһŵ£
ǿ϶Ų£ҵĸȥ۶ˣԵһ䣬·һ䣬ױƷĶһ䣬ٿʲôҪġ

ɭԽĬضͷ룬һ䣬ߵﻹ·ҿӿݣָ˰㿸
߶࣬зװԼԹ˲ϾĻ˰ۡЩԱҲԼԼæ

ԭأﻹʳһ³͵𣿡
ΪȥģɭԽһۣڷڻüǱߵԶĸ⡣

ڡʳĬĬؿ䡣ЩܴˣЩܴԼþϸ㣬ʲôôʲôô
ǵ񣿡ɭԽʰЩڼҲòǡϵһ£ȫˡ

񣬾ǲڼʰһᣬ̱ڵ̺ϣ˳Ҳ뿴ǿеʲô
֪ΪʲôҶľȽô֪Щ˵ܹ
СʳģûҪֻǾ̫ܵȥƱ˵

ɭԽ˶٣ҲȰˡֻԼ۲һԽӴˣȷӦþڵ

ɴ״УױƷ鲻ʵÿԽǵġ·һ㣬ʳѹɣʵڶ˿ԳԱ

ԭɭԽʼĵĽ飬׼ˡ˲һĲԸ
°ͣ΢΢̧ͷŶԼǰˣЦɭԽ
ɭԽôˣ
û£㽱һסȥһڡ

ɭԽû׼⧲ر˵ˤţƻʶػĺףַʲô裿
Ȼѵȥȴûʲôŭ⣬˼ֳ硣

ЦøˣëëڲڵϹѽϹôôð
ˣɭԽǰû־ӵ쾡£ǶԹǸ顣

ۣ˵ѧô㡣
ۺܺáŮôֻ࣬лһҪ

аҵѧɡЦص
ԽԽ˳ۡ

_

ͳһǰһۻ㹴.һɭԽˡɭԽò룬ɫڵòУԼ

һ뵽ɭԽǸˬı飬۾̲ס͵֡
ܣҲԼʱ򣬼ֱǴġ

ңһ١ɭԽص
ֱʮ죬Ҫбȶô
۶һЦίŶ

ۣûһ仰ùһ㲻ʮ塣ɭԽԼԿȷſֻӻúܣⲻ˵ʱ

۵ЦݽӲϣװɭԽı飬ɭԽܲЩɫĶ𣿡

˹ɭԽûǰһֻ۷ǵǹ߻ܵĻԼ

ǰͷĬĬͣһ·ҵῪڣܣǰǾĳˡҪȥ𣿡

ȥ

ò磬Ҳ߰˰ˡ̽ͷľӭ˹Ҹ˵ҡ

˵룬㿴ͷŵɭԽգգۣĬĬ̿ˮǸֵأȦ˧Ҳ١ֻǰλȦӹ֬׷ȫһ
֪ܹ۸Ȣ˵ˣɫ϶ҲһüһֱӺüһҲһƬǮ˰ɡ

ϹɭԽۼ򵥵˽ܣֿһɭԽľ꣬ɭԽѾ΢΢ףǴк

ȥɭԽѾ˺󱸳ᡣ
Ǹ׼䣬Ƕ죬ףѾռ˴䡣

ǸϹЩ䣬⡣ۿںˣСصһ䡣
ǡǸɭԽľ겻˽ǵȦӣֻ֪ۺǮҲ֪ϹɭԽ

ûͬҵͬˣӦþۻͷɭԽӹ䣬һΪ㲻¶档
Ҽù⣿ɭԽһ䣬Ҹ˵кʱչ㡣ΪӦл
˺ҵĹϵòŴǻЩףɭԽϲֳ¶棬ǰҲתˣ

ɭԽǴǻӦеò
ޣЩ֮ʱôûò֣

ɭԽ̫ۣ˺ԶԶͿˡϳѾ˹
˵ҡۻһΣɭԽѾһɭԽ

Χ񰲾һ˲Լü˵һ
ѾЩˣ˵ϲ͵ɭԽӳ˹Ҵڸ

˳ۻ£תͷͿ˺һЦؿʲôң

ûʲôͻȻ֣ܶ㻹ͦõġ
ӱ²͸еĺ塣ʶ̫࣬ȻɭԽ˼

һ㣬;ٲ˶෬ڡȻǵݣҲ˼ɲ̫ࡣֻ֣Ҫ룬֪˭ֻǲȷֻ߾ϵ̫̫

ɭԽվٶֱ̯۵ݡ֮󡭡Ȼᱻչˡ˲ܸߣַǱֱӸ߸áֻ˵ɭԽӵ͵ȴݾû뵽졭

˺ŻƵۣεЦЦ
Ȼɵɵ




31.  ϰ   һΣ

ĸСʱĳ, ڴͣ¡

۳ǰ濴ȥһءׯ, ﻹвٴŵŮ͹
һȥڵĳȫͬƶ񤣬޷ôġ

ۡͷľļ򣬡ҵ࣬һɡ
ˣһ۵ո³, Ӱ·ô, Ҳ, л

ľ˵ͷ, ۵һ߻һֱ, ĺ䰡
ΪŮǣľҪע, ҲࡣǺÿ, ֻǲô, ɭԽǰˣ·˵ľȫϡصش·øһ

´δ㣬ŵĻԼۺľڴ󲿶ӵм, ·ͻƽ䶼Ѿһ·ĥţһ, Ҳ÷ˡ

ľҲ࣬ˡһְţһ߿ۣŰԣۣϹ
ǿɭԽǸ̳ϵˡкöʣֲ֪ô￪ʼ

ǺͨһˣǱ˾̫ءǰǸ䣬һʵϣòС˵ľĻֱˡ


ľĬĬֱιһ칷̳ϵ˱ͨΪǵİ

·ͦģ˿ʮӣǰ滹ңңӰ۶ЩˣȻʲôصĶһ·ֲߡԭ֣嶼

ľ꿴һۣʹһ͵ˣס
ɫЩã˵⻹һ·ʱ󵽴طʱҲˣôʯϣˮ

˺ܶ࣬һϷס߰˸ˡ˺չŵ˺ľһһݣ۾ʹһӡ

ܼ򵥵Щ©磬ĺ粻ϵعν첻ʵ滹вԭӦǴһЩģжƮһŵϢ

ӵϸСӣǸһЦȽϼªίˡ
Ǵˡ۷˷ڴнõǡСŮǰ£ǹݸСѣûʲôֻһЩǹ

СŮһϸߵ˵ͷС£лл㡣
ϸŵӡ

ģ඼˺ͺӣ׳ģȥıˡǲˣҲطƫƧҲ̫ףиõѡΪʲô˺ִҪ㡣

ϸЩСŮԴŮǱ⡣ʱǾͰס⣬ŸԵġ

۵˵ͷͷһľ꣬ѾذĶȫóˡֻһ̾Ϣһؿʼʰ

ʱţյĵʱ򣬾͵ýе׼һЩǱæҲչȥæ

ֻЩһƼ͸.һһۻɡ鶼һȦһǶ˵˵ЦЦģֻôҲԸ֣Ҳֻ㬵վһԡ

֪ɭԽΪʲôҪˣǴھ˲Ȩô˫ˣ

˺պ꣬һۿƼ˹վŵۣɫ΢񣬰Ѵӵȥ豸
⡭Щԥ˺ֱӵûʲô̫̫ǸɵõĻҲܸɡ

۳˺Ͷȥмһֱۣ֣ɣȥҲС
˼룬ֻõҾԱߣСʲô¿ʱҡ
þҲºͣû̫̫ʲôġȻĻۻԼڴ򹤣Ϊ쵼Ӳĸо

˺һɫоô
ƶ񤡣ʵ˵ܲõĻסĵط𣿡
Ȼ˵ûòǶԳռҵ˵ôҲû뵽ġ

ǰ֮ǰøжࡣ
˺̾һܵͣߵ۶ûʲô
ûʲôϽŪ˺Դ͵
Ŀ֣ͷæš

˶ææµµվˣ˸ĵط粻ϵϹȥ⾰Ҫһܣôü졣
״˲㣬ҲûԭָϺ죬һӲ

С㡣

һһŵ̧ͷȥǰѾϷüۺ̬߰һ㡣
䣬ҴůִС㲻Ļҵġ

òĻڲʵһ۳˳ǣܾáллĺ⡣

_

ˡ

һ뿪飬صССû͹˺٣Դһǵһôԣк򣬶еĹܻ

ôҲû뵽

㡭ſ̽һСԴϸšҪӰûע⵽
Լ˼һЦôˣ
Сԥ˺þãСߵԱߣϸģСǺܺóԣСҲϲ

ԭˡ

ʧЦץһѷڿڴֻɶʳ˷ɿݸСȥСһְɡĲ࣬´νٸ

ͯ϶ҪȥģûʱܸЩǴЩԵġ

Ļ𣿡СЩȷʡ

ᰡӦ㣬ǳԡСԴ˵Сˡֻĺһ
Ǿ˾˼ҵСҲǺСָͣ׳ԲĹĵģСĴС

СˣģżСлл㣬Сϲ㡣

۵Ŀڶʱڻ֮ǰǸѾСĴѧͬѧҫ˵СӵЦůģʱм
ڿǰССһֻС֪ΪʲôǸ֧飬Ը¹źӡ
Сӣǵʹ

ղŲ𣿡Сӵ˼УСƺ֪ǰĽȻЦŵģȴôġ

ţһˡᵽǼ¹ȥ꣬Ҳɻҹﱻجβơ

СƶǶ˺𣿡
ᣬֻǺܲϲ

ʵû˺ֻƫִ˵Ƿ蹷һϲμһֻܶ꣬μһѧʱڰ棬ϵһʼû֪˱ﶼʲô

бҵ꣬ڱ¶ͼμһֻ֣ǻ˶ûȫײһϣ۱ڰյķ˱ϣá

ɵԼң֮󣬵ǻѪҲûʱж຦£װذͻ˼ҡܶҹλ֮ʣֹܸܵԮľС

ĻǲµġٷҲǸʶʱˡԼҵĺ治ֻǣμһ

ذ˰üģ۸ɭԽһ绰ȥ
ͨˣͷھ仰
ͨƨ

˵£ˣǾﵱԱ
˵Ҳ֣ȻڽҲһ˽ӣݲ߹󡣵ôҲһɰڵģôû뵽˾ȻϷһǶѡ

ɭԽüʾǧص֣żȥ㡣
ãֲô

飬ռҺԼѹ֪Ϊ˸ռ뿪ǵߣҵ壬Ҳһ˽Ӱˡ˺Ƥ£ȥ

ɭԽۣͬҲġ
ŽƷˣͲӦó۵ߡ

Ǿ̵ֲ̫Ρ֪ĵǣﶼˣܶʲô
ÿ춼绰Ͱ£ҽӴĵһݹ˲Ÿһ죬ܰ;ϡ

ɭԽ˵ۻôȰ˵ʱͷˡ
Ƶ

ԣһŵ绰ͷ͵˺ü£ôôա
ɭԽɫһůϵָض˶ϧˣ۲ߡ
æ𣿡۸ղŻǱߴڵǰˡڵʱɭԽǹ

æںʦ衣
ô裬ֻǧʱ䣬ҪӦѧУ飬ֵóżƢиƣҸطйһ¡

㶼ûǰ衣۵ɤӶһΣ
ˡ

ǳֲǱΪ潣

ǧơƣɭԽ˵绰Цŵ٩һ䣬ôλڣ
ǲڡɭԽһۣ㻹ҺȾƣͲСڲţ

ǧһǺϽ£һԼ·ˡǰһżܺڵģⶼˣξƲմıر飬ֻҪᵽһ㣬׼ðҸϳ

Сأµ㡣ɭԽеһ׸裬˷

ǵȻˣҿ϶šǧ˵ְѻɭԽ٩ȥһ˵ζôܰɣ

ǲôܡ
ϰ񫣬һȾϾԽ
ˡ




32.     ɭԽҼȵ

λƫɽϵλ, Ҫ䣬¶ȵ͵¡⿴ȥ, Ҷһ˪ҲǣѾ˱

һ𴲣ͶȫӲľҲ࣬ĻϷݣȻǹװҲô

·䣬ϴۿͷﲻʳ׶һЩż, ҲԼļ
ͷǺܺó, , һˡ, ˮ̲ȥһ붼ӲģۿھЩԲ, ǿŲŬꡣ

۲²⽭ȫû뷨, ƬҲǺòĴк, ݼҲûеĻƿ, ǲεݽ⽭ΪһݾΪĿĲֶΡ

˺ͣ״̬, ȥϢľ׼𣿡
ʱ׼ţľƤһЦ

۳䵱˵ʱ񹤣ΪӵһС¡ûԺ, ʮ㣬ͶòС

ҴҪ𣿡ǰͻȻݹһ۲̧ͷ֪˭
ҡͷֱ׵ؾܾˣҲ

Ҳ䵭ǿϵľܾһֱߣС㻹Ϊ֮ǰǼҿԺǸû⣬ҪģҾ㡣

۲ֲϡǮ˵ˣҲ⳥ܽ顣Ǽ¸Ӱˣⲻ

ߵˣ۲ĵʵ˵Ϊʲô
Ц׻ظۣأ
μһ
˻ֻΪμһ

һɫ䣬ҪӦңμһ
ܱǸءЦᣬȴĪظһ˵ĸоֻҪҲܴӦС㡣
֮䣬ûʲô˵ġȴסС㣬ֻϲμһ˺

ȴ˼вζڰʾԼ֤᲻˺μһ
ԡת䵭ģǺɭԽһޣ壬ɲǽֳֻƺ͡
ƺͣڽҵĵλҲжߡͣͲеôȥˣ۲ô޴

Ҳŭֻ۵׵Ц˼֡

۲ɧ.ţֱӴյ˹˺ߡ£ͱ˴һԴҸӣ
ʹ˿ѡ¾ǲʹ絽ڳԵĶĻθЩܲˡ

˺һԼ֪У˵ʲô˶٣ǽˣ
֮ղԣ˶ܿó
ҡͷûУҾǵؿ˳ۡ

˺֪Ը˵Ҳûʣʱң㲻ϲ͵ûˡ⽭ݼǵӦǰɡ

ǰá
ڴֻͳһǡ˺װСǸݮζģ壬ȫԲʲôС
ѧ㲻ǵĻʳøһסҾͲǿˣǸ֣ԲҾûɻ

˺С򶼻һپ룬֮ǰȻ˲ٵĳԵĽûʲô䡣ҪǶ죬͵ųԲݸɡ

ĵ̾һѡ

֪ɣ㲻ˡ˺Ǹһۣˮԣׯ˲ٵӰ졣ӵˣûǮǿˡһʱ䣬ļһһ١

ѹССôǳʱ򣬳ԵĶǸͷͰײˣܳ

û˹𣿡ǵкܶƻ
ܰܲ˺ƵصһۣЦЦİɣѾԾˡ࣬Ҳ㹻Ǹԣһʱ䡣

ۺİǣĿڲԶİդϡȻĪ˵Ļ
ۣûɭԽʲôǡΪڵĸ߸ԼûмԼ

ûռҺԼңҲΪ±
ֻǺܿϧɭԽ˵ۡԣЩ裬ڡ

ôһ룬ȷǿɭԽġ
ȥ֮ǲǸöɭԽһ㣿ϾȲ

_

ĵ죬۸оԼľһ״̬ƺֻҪһССĵУ

ûеĶӻ絽ֶǱģ÷ϡԵĶ඼ģѿеúܡһʳôԡ˵ڶϣʲôҲ˲ˡ

μһǱߵ٩ö˶˵̫̫ǵȥһƶʲôζ

㣿
Сѧ۴ԺԹԵ۵ߣ뿪𣿡

۲ͷȥСϴżįɤСΪʲôôʣ

ǰҲһƯĽ㣬Ƕ顣Ǻˣ˵ϲСҧŴһ£ְҲǣ˵ﲻãҪȥ׬ǮҲûл˵ְֺһ̫ˣҪȥĵطϢ

С㵽ʱҲߡòûϵֻǽԼ۲ƭֻǿСѹҲĲ̣СһҲ뿪ῴ硣

С۾Сʲôʱܹȥ
СϴѧˣܳȥˡԴСҪúö飬Թ̵Ļ
СһŬġСӵ

۵üͷչҲûôһǴ٣С

ͯջһ죬۱˼١ץץԼͷ򿪴
Ǻܺãոͷëëϸꡣ

ȥ䣬ǻһϵشӲӵķ϶¶ҲǣģòС

ⳡȻ꣬ðһеĴϷˡԱ߳һСӣվ棬ˮбƮϡ

ۡͷĹ˺˰ɡҴææܹȥôˣ
ȥҴϵһֻ̨ùá˺Ż棬ԽԽòá

۵ͷ˰ɡءһ·꣬һŲȥŢЬصúܡ
㣡ǰͷͻȻСһβȣŵײŵŢһ£ȥ
ʶػסԼڵֻһ£Сβָһ˲۵ᡣ

䣬Ҳۡ
ɡ˦ˣֱس޷˲䣬˸顣ֺۣǲеʯͷֻǶ̫ˣûʲô֪
ˮˢúܿ죬һӣѾЩ۾

СææܹǵؿС
ллݶڴҧҧɡ
Īеޣ̣£Сȥ·͸˸òã

áС˵ͷСطҲ۵ʪ

صӣۻǶ÷·ʪȫϣ̹Ǳ˪ɿ£ϸɾ·ȴûõ˿Ļ⣬

Ϻ϶մŲٵۿˣӣˮСֽš

Ѿĥˣѵʱ򣬻лʹһЩͺСʯͷƤķ϶棬¸Ⱦֻʹһһذණ۵ˮۿת

㣬СѾѶ͹ȥˡСٶȺܿ죬ܻӵʱ򣬰ɡˡͷƼƤ֣Сشչȥ˴ޣ۵ģܿͲ۵ġ

ûޡǿЦЦôȥϿΣ
©ˮһ죬ʦǴڼС۵۵֣ͣһԵشܽĻҸůůͲˡ

һסСллСûµġ
ֻˤһӶѡ
ûҵ̫ã黹кܶҪۼʰˣС䣬ȥ

˺һ·ЦС˵ˤˣû°ɣûˣ
ûУе䡣ĬĬذֲ󣬡ĵô

˳˺ضŻ棬üӰˣûɣ
ЩȣҲСˡԤٹһСʱͣꡣϵĻӰϷݣѽʱȫ

ԡӡղҲûϴ裬ôһᣬˡƹ˽͵øð
ˡ˺һ䣬Ҳû˵Ϲתͷ͸˵Ż

һ綼ææµµУۺòЪ˰СʱǱֳ⡣ԭһҪҲ֪ô£Ȼˡ

ҵȫ𣡡˺
СؽͣҼǵǴģܣǸˡ
ôԼˣ˺̣ۣ𣿡

۵Ȼǲģѧĵʱʮ壬ȫһ
ԡ˺߸˶ǰǹɻѹȥͼҵȻᷢ㣬ԱŪʡȥˡ

ԸҲԸ尡Щͷۣù˺˸׼ˮƽĲС
Űɡ˺䣬ղľ鲻ԣк⵫ǲֻк⡣һ
Ĳ˵ˣֻܰͼƬѵŪš

䣬ֽӲǴ붼Ū˺ð졣ͼɫ̫죬ֻһһϣ۸оԼ洩Ϸ
ֱ˺ܶΣҲûѪ۵ûš˺һ𣬸û˸ҿҲǣֻĬĬš

ҹĻˣŸոս

Ħһָǳ׵ķˡĥƤָסòۣҲǶˣѾûоˡ

ôˣȫ󣬹˺ſ
۰ӸҾˡⲼϱʮĸϸһЩű¶棬Եúܡͼ˵ʵҲô

˺һۣĬ
𣿡
취ϵ͹˺ˣȥϢ

һԣ۲ȥһٹ˺˵˲ŪŪǵŪһָ˰
쵼һ죬ܶȡ

ʰöȥٽʮ㣬Żصʪķ䡣
ͬһ죬ľ굹ǻʮ㣬ȥ;һŮϷ

۶붯ֶۡԼĶͷЩ̣ӦЩգϢȡ

㣿СŽһ뷹Ҹ˷

ˣԵĶҲõˣֻľ࣬ûԱͰԼķָľꡣûţС͸ͷˡ

ȫܣϿһۣôмȣ
ʱ䣬û⡣żеģҲĭ⼦ȣﶼûôƼ

СӸڰõģ˵СҪԵ⡣С֣Щ˼Сܶܶģ˵ˣԺļҪɱ

СģСӦԼԡÿ˵һ֣úʹѡСԴ㻹ڳ壬Ӧöһ㡣

Сϲ⡣Сͷȥ۾ܾһСҪ˯ˣϢ
СͷȻСȴܿ죬һ̵أŶ۹ˡ

̾һ۵˱ˮ˴Ѿ͸ķˡͷڣ׺Ӳײſſģѳԡ
Ϊٶ̫죬ճһڼȣ㱻ǺˡȥˮֿһᣬеļȾͷ˳ȥ

ؿŵϵļȣðûع

ֻ񶯣ˤֻ֮ͶҲûľګɨĻɭԽƵ绰
ۿúܣۻƵ
ͷɭԽƺҪ˯ˣڴϣü۴ż־⣬ôһֱӵ绰

۲˵ɭԽΪźŲãҶزʱ򣬱Ŀǻ

ȵˡɭԽأҼȵˡ




33.     

ͷζЩ, ɭԽŶԻСС۾ͨͨġ޵, һһشãȥЩЦȴĿھۡ

ѾܺܺõƿԼпƲסʱֻǻÿһεʧأٶйءһΣİ
ֻۣĪС

ԭЩŨ˯ɢ˲٣ɭԽ, ѵõ, , ȥ, Զټȶ򡣡
áۿƲס˼, һһġ

ɭԽȥ֮ǰСЩ, һʱ, ˲١ͷĵƹⲻ, ֻһӡªúܣˮ
ĵ黹Ƿˣ۸ܲֻһֱǿѹţҹ, ѹһݣˡ

СҵģóԡԽ˵Խ˼Сﻹڳ, ƽʱҲó⣬ò׵˸øŪˡ

ɭԽ˵СǴһСŮȴܹԡ
ǺãҲСȡǺ庢һɭԽϸģ㡣

ҽ컹ˤһӣ꣬㶼֪Ҷ䡣ۿ޵òѣһ߿޻һߴã˵ö϶ģǹ˺ңǵҴ壬Ҳۡ

һͷòãɭԽ˳ĻһûǿԡСһ¶úţ΢һ˳⣬͵ˮɽ

áһ߲һͷԷɭԽⷹóԡ

ɭԽۻصذѷֻһЩײ˺ȥûʲôθڡģһ죬ЩҲ֪жθ

ͬΪڼǵȥڡòĽСƢ˷ѵġ

ȥԺóԵģ̡ɭԽҲ˯ͷŷͰؿšֱ۳Եòˣſڣȥϴ˯֮Ҿͽ

ۿ޹ˣĨһѸɬۿعƺǾöˣĨԼۿõؽһ䣬ղŶ籾̫жˡ
֮ǰɭԽͲԼ󡣽˲һܣͿ޳߳ȵúܡ

ɭԽҲţˣ˯
صƵֻ룬

ƿţˮϴȴվŵĹ˺Ťرȥ

ˣ˺εصеˮݸŸˮø㡣
ۡšһӹˮһˮʼˢ

Щ꣬ǹ㣬ôСһ͵͵ؿޣ˺ЦҲ֪ίˡֻǷǾ͵ǰݵԡһңܿͽˡ

ĭͻȻ뵽ʲôǡҶСĹ磿
ǰеĸƶ˺ƫͷһ˫Եмį㿴Ļ뵽ʲô鲻ģÿԱ˯ͺˡ

ŵԣĺҪЩ˻±֮ЩˣȴŽĸ߶·òÿʳǵ˿׷飬һСǶҶľȽ˵ȵûȥȥ

ĬĬǰûصĸܹ̫˽⡣ֻһܣͳ׵ױһ顣
ʲôƨ鲻ģ⣬˯ϴˮ衣
㻹ҶСһ𣿡
ⶼ׷˼ҵĹˣʲôֻһ֮ǰ˺ô飬еˡ

ǡ
ǹˣҲ޷뿴ԼʮĹжѡ
۲񣬹˺ҲûʲôҺٲġܻȥͱ˰ɣʡģ˵۸㡣

ﻷȷܲ˵СĺܶүǶڱԹҲˣֽű䣬֮󣬾ûô˯Ź

ǲУһܣҵüסίί˵Ҫ飬Ͳܰ;ϡ

˺ҲȰ޳ɭԽܷ

ͱ˹˺׾档ľ껹ûлӦ־籾žǱ˯˰ɡ
䣬۶÷һЩԼĶͷ̡

񣬷ˡ

-

ո磬Եʱ򣬻Ƶüһ⡣ߣɫѹѹģûаů⡣

ѳͣ·ڣͷһɭԽܣҪȥ𣿡
¹꣬ȻˣûиɡҲûЬô߽ȥЬӺͿǶꡣ

ţȥɭԽ򿪳ţĿɨԶС·üͷ塣Ȼûн񱣬ҲϲԼŪġ

һɭԽˣسûʲôܹ԰ŵĶɭԽѾǰȥ˼ǸɾЬմ˲ٵ
Щֱӣһܣ»ͣûΪ̫̫ҲǿԲһˡ

˱飬˺±ϽɭԽ

ӾŻ棬ϡϡܹƼʮ˼ңһۿȥ඼ˣеľвСӡ

ϲ鷳һ£ϲʶһ۵Ů
СհϲЦЦָߵһԺӣСסڳŻûء
ãллɭԽѾ̧ȳȥԼĪ׵ľ룬ԺܶդΧżСżֻ

ǰҲֻƵ濴ɭԽᵽĻж©粻˵ԺҲ򻬡

ʶȤûиȥһܣ˸λ¡˳±ϡ

ӵű˴ƿеƺüͷǳ壬ȴû۾

ۡ
з˵ԼĶߣ۲ᡣͷ۵úܣȫҲܣرλã۵òС

ۡɭԽȥĶͷһƬĺȣֱϴ˲еȶȡ
ɭԽû룬䣬ƿӣǼ׹ϣֻ¶СԴ

̫벻Ѷû취Ժ۾䲻ƼǰŴĿա˴ʶЩѣɭԽ

㡣

ɭԽһߺ˵ţһ߸ӣӣĿǱ˾һĪʹ۵Ѳܣ

ܡСһۿֺˡཱུǰһ죬رס˾׳һԵ˵ԼίͷۣۣҲۡ

̣ҴȥҽԺɭԽԵĶͷֲˡͷȥ۰ۣ촽Ұףȴһֲĺ졣

ɭԽ֣ʾ˸ƣɭԽڴǰ
ۻһ£˫Ͼ٣̵شɭԽϣˡ
ݡ˵κģ˵֣Ժ˹ȥ

ɭԽȵرۣ߿šͷѾãվܣ˵Ҫ̫̫

ɭԽ΢΢ףĿԺĲ֮ϣɫȥ˵֣




34.  С   㲡

һ³, ûůųֳ꣬ʪԺ, վǱҪϼ֡

δʵϷһõڣɫĵøΪסɫδϷһ

ܡһЩɫϣ΢΢һЦòʱ򡣡

˶ӣüҪۣûϺʱ䡣Ϊл, ȴֱײɭԽҲ, ɭԽһ, Ȼϥط

Ѳ, ˣĶˣ
Ǹ߶ЬӵĿ, ŢҪǴȥҲ֪˻пһջˮ

˵, ǰһΡɭԽıúܽ, , øɸɾ

ɫһ룬סܷ, ֪ġҵĿ꣬С㡣
ɭԽӴ࣬ʱҲֻй档һ, ɭԽ
֪ôɭԽҲһĻۣ¾㡣

ɭԽü̧Ī£ҲϣеڶΡ

Цһ٣üǳ࣬ҲϣܹȻҲģֻǺ㿪СЦˡ

عĿ굱ȻμһֵˣһҲŹǰɭԽһʱȻǸ㲻һ㣬ҲǼ᲻ɴݡ

͵صһɭԽĲϣƺҪ֮ǰ̡
ɭԽȵرǰߣҴӲ˿Ц

ȥ·ϣԺѾȥ˳һ顣
ѹĪ֪ܵܡֻǣ֪ŭܣĴͼʲô
˻񣬽ŵ״򻬣ЩҪˤ

ٿǰͷɭԽǾܲˣôһ·߹ۣҲ˿ƣ롣س̵··Ǳʱһ㡣

ɭԽۻżѣղŽĶԻҲ˸߰˰ˣҵμһ

Ϊȥˣӻ΢һ㡣ǿǱǰѶԸˡңܹȫ鶼Ϊ·µǣ̵ģӦòֻǽϡ

μҲӡɭԽĪ˼Уһ䣬֪ҵ¡
ޡӦһЩãᱻ۸𣿡
õҪĻشɭԽ΢΢ᡣ

Ҳǡ
˱۸˲ŲǽǰˣɭԽһֱǳصġûκˣֵܹðֺá
䵣ɭԽ۸ǰΪĬﻮ꣬ɭԽǰ

Դ̵շת˼أ۱оԼ˵ϡᣬ㱻ɭԽȵطסϳ

ģ˼֣˳ůɢˣ۶òСɭԽһۣѿյߡϵ̺ӣϡ

Ե㶫ɭԽѱ±
࣬˼ȣɭԽҲ׼嵭ġһͳ̫Ķθܲˡ

ҡͷŴС󣬹ɭԽĻ˯ûˢ
Ҳ㡣ɭԽҲ֪ûʲôҨһڵݵߣһ˯

ԥ˼룬ͳԱ֮䣬ѡȳԱԹԵ죬ŴŴ˿ڡ
̫ûгԵôóԵ࣬ۿˡ
ֻҪЩ죬ҪʲôʲôأСأոһյģҲͷ

ˣɭԽشһ£ݵ۵ߡ
û˵ֻǹԹԵ죬һһڵسꡣĻǸźСϡ

һ¶ǣҲ˼ֻԴţ᲻پɭԽĴ£ƼմŢĿţüŪˡ


Ҳ֪Ϊ˭

ѳЬһ˦ӵĽѾӾʹɭԽϣֵ
ۡɭԽԵغһ
䡣ίͰ͵ģǶø÷ʱ
ɭԽ˱ۣסĽѾӣ㲡ˡ

һЦ΢΢ǰ㣬ļϣᴹţסĴ

ɭԽ
ɭԽţ
ع˹лл㡣
ռҲİȫУɭԽȴ

ռҵ˶˭Ҳ֪Ҫʲôˣ棬ȴҪĶ

ǲãҲˣٰá

-

ʱ򣬴ݼ仹ƮһɺܵҩζӺůϤζ

˶ָ۳ΧȥѾصԼķ䣬һ룬ͷѾҹ

ǵԼȥһҽԺòø硣ģģһֱװ˯ͷЩҩĻ˯ȥ

ůůЩӦԴѾʹˣֻȫúܣҲۡ
ɭԽڣҲ֪ܵȥˡذԼͷŶϴһ顣

մԡҳ㿴ɭԽһľӼҷͷкļ¹ĲϡҲ֪ǲΪһεĴ˾ԭԽԽԼϹ˧

ռǱߣѾȥɭԽ˵ţߵ۵ǰС΢죬Ϊûա΢΢ͷĶ䡣


ҪҪôã
۵СЩܲסǿװ򶨵һɭԽѾˡ

ɭԽģֲһ£ȷղŵ̸㰾˼ȳЩӣ˺ܿá


ۺɵؿɭԽۡ
ôˣɭԽѱϵ׶á

۹ԹԵشϣոڵñ塣
㲻ң

˵ԼЩ飬ɭԽ֮ǰһͨԼǿ˵ʲôǵҪȥڳ£ǵɭԽ

ɭԽûǿӣﻹù
ˣ
ҡͷڡ컹Ҫȥġ
ӦСҪȥģĸʳԹҲûлʳԣܶʳԡ

ھСɭԽ
۵ѡ񣬲ŶʮͣȥһЩҲδɡ

䣬ǰ۾Сһһľͱĵϡ绹յ᲻ڵǾʮ㣬˫Ƚذ䡣

ɭԽôöҲӦˡɭԽϸضһѲķˣ

ɭԽҲţô뱻һ٣
𣿡۴ǰȥ۾ġ

ǷɭԽ˵㣬ֻҪһޣʲô¶ˡѹֶ˵޵ĺǳԣеɭԽҲʮֵĺá

ɭԽɫã᲻õġֻǱôֱ׵˵мֱסС
۵ƨɣһ䣬ôߣȥԷ

ϡͷɭԽϰһڣ㽱һס

ɭԽɫ˰ǻڣһǻǵ˸о.åһƨˡ

ͯý۲Ÿոºͷ㼱Ҵҵش˵绰㣬Ĳҹȥòã

Ͽһ˲ˣܴҪͯҪһڱ͹ϿҪ
е㲻Ͳȥˣٲòãոգ˵ʲôҲϳȥġ

ͯЩйȴҲûԡ࣬ҲǹⲻģǽúϢпˣҹȥ㡣Ҳżˣʱúܡ

áʧЦ˵绰ԱһɨͿɭԽڿʲô
ûʲôɭԽüһ䣬Ʋ磬бͺúôڼ

ҲǸող鵽ģǰ˽ңƾһ֮Լļšֻʱ䣬Էô𼱻ǻӦ˵˹ʱүӴμһѡѵ顣

ͬص˵ͷҲû¸ˣҪȥμһ

ɭԽһ٣μһ塣ҪǹȥǼֻһˣ
˶Ȣ˸ŷڼŵģŻع꣬û¾ܡ׬ôǮϰġ

˵μһǱߺСôҲ֣

˭˵ģ
ۼҡͷһϿңôܣҹȥ϶ֵֹϷеΪ
ӦûϲŶԡ

ǵСžţɭԽͿȥҲԣֻҪһ䡣ۣ뿪壬Ҳһȫ

ҲвۣҪǵȥֱ׾١ʱҪ£ɭԽԶ壬ȥˣҲˡ

ͻȻﶼáصСһ̧ɭԽ°ˣåЩҲ޵ˣ޻Ǿãúúõس㡣

Ͼôã۰Ͱ͵صɭԽô룬ɭԽԣڶȡ
ʱ䣬͹һ㣬ҲˣһʱͻСӺˡ

ˣɭԽһۡҲã߻˲˼伲࣬Ҫһ
Щյ㣬Ǿܹѳһӡ˼Σƽ£ֲֹһ

۵ͷҡҡͷ
ԣȴڡ

Ǳ㣬湻˾ͻ
ɭԽûʲôθڣһ뼦˲졣һ˼ӣۣ쵼ӵһ

죬йصһûС
ɭԽͷĵؿ佱һ䣬ʶ

裡
Ͳܰοһ
Ȼܣڹﻹ¡˵ãһѹġ

ⱲӾֻܵˣ۵צĶҪǰһ

ɭԽԤУֻҪͷ۾Իը
ҲġȫԡɭԽһ´ǣ˶ټһһķ

ۣ




35.     ׼ıȥ

ǰķͻȻͲ, ֻݺݵҧסǰˣʶ, ŮǲԵģǳúÿŮˡ

ɭԽ׼˹֮ǰɵصĶͷסôлҿҲǺҪϢ

ɹɭԽнһ˼Թãһ߼Ųˣӻ׷˴, ɭԽ, ҡ

ֻʵ, Ҫνִ, ײǽͷôһ˵, ԼҲ˴롣

ҵɲжʱڵĹҼҡһ漰, ܶʱɼ, ҪͶʷǱԱ, 籾ĳЧҲ⡣ߣһ籾дܹĳߵһ㹻ڡ

Ҳ, ҲֻǸ򹤵ϰ飬ɭԽԼͺá
δĹ滮һֿˣЩꡣѧרҵ, ֮أҲû䡣
ʧܡӵһǮϹһСϹǲסֹ

Թ˷رšһ죬ⴲʯһεض档
һƣ̧ͷǶƱߵĵѾӲֵڱ涯˶ɭԽһ¡

¹ɭԽĿⶼû

ɭԽ۰θ㿴˾Ƕ䣬ͷд¹ϣؼ˻ǵõСϱڿҿҵ·

ɭԽغ¹һģѴͷҩٺ˵

ۻ˹ģССĸðնѣԿҩˣǵ˼̰һҩζ˵ǺȥˣŶöķθ

ɭԽҲߣ̽̽¶ȣһ䣬ҪˣԼȥȣû˰㡣

۲Լȥס룬ֱһơ
ɬҩζڴӣۼŻ

һγҩڰ˾ʱʱ˿һ¡ÿһοҪˣ̲ס͵͵ǣȻּءΣϿûз֣ɭԽ˶ߡ

ĳҩĪһֳѺȵҩһʼɭԽҲǸˣֱùܼҰס;ǹࡣ
ǸʱˡͲÿһ¶޵ϳɣһ㶼ϧ

ƳɭԽ˹ۼֿشȥ׼ıȥ
Ҫһ࣡

ɭԽʹصͺһѾ˼ζ֮ʣɬζһĴɢ
΢΢̧ǡþͶ۽ӣǿǡôģ˵Ľһ㡣

ɭԽ˶٣ֿס۵ϡ

һܲ۵СѾࡣԭһС⣬ȥƽ̹úܡһһ󣬴кۡ

һðЩܲסſɭԽļͷ
ɭԽҲż΢ûϵҲҩ
ǴƴһӾˣŴŴɭԽۡ
Ȼ֮ͳ׷ˣ˵컹Ҫôһ·

֮䣬ϴȵĺϸϸģǾܾȴżֹζ
ǾͰֵ㡣ɭԽ˱ۣȥЩ컵Ļ棬£㣬Ѿ㰲˾Ǽǵ÷š

ޣû£Ŭҡɿ֣ǰ𣿡
ڰ
⣬ɭԽҲŵˣֻҪӦµģûʲô⡣Ȼʱ򻹵ÿ飬鲻ˣ񶼲

һ˯üֻǰҹʱ˸¯һȵСԼоڶᡣҲһ£˶

ûɭԽⶼһ³ˣٹС¾ǹ꣬˾ࡣΪԼ˷һ죬Ҳ֪жҪ

ֻǡ
̧ͷͷϷõĽգ۽ǵع
Ǳȹ˾Ҫġ

һλȥֻ˳ԵģһЩðҩ

˳۱Щ١΢Ⱥһ֣뿪һ죬ƺҲûʲô̫Ӱ졣
ġ
ЩƣȦһû£ͯġ

ֳͯһԸףտ֡УϣҽܹңPSҽûᣬҳ˵

ʧЦһ䣺ˣҪ

±ϤľŹʢ˲ȦˣڹҲЩͷһʱ侹Ȼϲ

һţͯ룬ߵĵط̡ûмСŮѣҲ֪ǲֻˡ

˲֪ʲôʱҲû˽۵ֵУҲرϣһ·Ͽ羰˳һﲻһĿ

ֻ·̲Żλ֮һԶƼһССӰţԽԽߵǱΪ̫ɢʱҡš

㣡Сһһߺ
۳ЦЦӿ˲ܣСˤš

һ죬浹ǸˡͷȥۻҵɭԽĽӡͻȻ뷨صһɭԽӡأһƬ

㣡

ᣬСѾܵĸǰһŹͨͨģǲƣ˷ܵúܣ˵ҷѧܹȽ㡣

ллССԴأڴ𣿡
ţСصصͷֱ۱Ȼţģ㣬ҰѼȷָͬѧˣǶܿġ

۲̫ǵˣԼк񿴵±ѲɣװĶǼȣ

ǳ˳飬ͻȻЩЦɭԽıˣںչ˵ȵˣ˻ĸ˴˼ȹ

Сһ˵ţһ߽صǸСֻ˵㲻ˣ˵ǸƭӡߣС֣Ųˡ㣬ȥһСֺòã

۱ЦˣСô
ǵһʼʱСúܣӵǱ֮ǰ˲١
͡СˣԴ˺ð졣ֱھǰûȻ

ǾͱˣԭһΡҪԺ˵ͲĵؽССҪסһԺˣͲԼԼģҪӰ졣

áСص˵ͷЩ棬ҲЩ𣿡

氲Է޷
Цۿɲ˶ܵģĳ˳⡣
Сǰѣ⣬һȫС

ö࡭Сɴ۾۰Ͱ͵ؿۣȫ𣿡

۶˶٣̾ϢһţСԼġ
֪˼伲࣬ȴҲΪѹ

ˣð緹˳Сźһʳѵһ䣬С

֪ˣϽһ䡰͸СġЩҲ鷳ˣһС
ɽ·ߣֽ̫ǰСȻĻ϶Ҫʳ

ǾллˡЦЦк۳ԷȳԵ㷹ɣȥͷ
ˡСߡշչƼЩˣûʲôθڡϳԵö࣬򵥵ذѷˣʰ

ȥʱǻ㡣ԶԶؾͿŮۣ˵ᣬǮĸͣЩǮˣҲ֪㣬ֶǡ

ǡ㿴⼸ǧĹʣܻ˼̫̫һٷǮٿӣһӼ붼ֲ˼һ
ǾǮһͬĶûС˵ôûǮ

Ϊ𣿡ص˵ſڡ
գۡŮһ˵ۻȥˡǻΪ⽿С̲ȥˣû뵽һʱ䣬ֻˡ

شҵ⡣ھ棬һֱܺ˵һЩСæܰҲһֱദĶǢֻû뵽ŮļľĪ

ǡŮͷ
ΪǮҾ͵þľ͵ð۲֪°ԭܹôġ

ɭԽǮôˣǮֲǴιġ˸ձҵãʱǸ˾Ѿʼ֡ҲûԹֻ˵ѡٻ֮ǰ˻͵ʱɭԽ͵ѧϰ֪ʶ

ԼѧĶһͿóԼѡֻ꿴̻Ͷ˺üСҵȻҲ˲٣Ǵÿµķֺ죬㹻Աˡ

ɭԽĶԼȻвƽҲûжԲЩƽ
Щˣôֻܿü˵ĹâɶЩŬ

㶼ôˣֲǮƾʲôܡ

ÿڴƵǮȥ˽𣿡ۿŮǵ⡣ҪԼߣԾֱ׳ҪѾ㹻ˣѵһҪǽ׼ͬһˮƽ㲻϶Բǣ

ɭԽ˾飬ҲÿȥƵʽж١Դÿ¶ھǮѾ˺ܶˣŬñ˹øá

ΪˣݳƷǴûÿһƶ˾ǴѾѲɻҪն

һۼסЩȻĵ¹ԼǡǹԣģûжԲ˭

Ů˵΢΢һЦ̼Ȼ˵úܶԣҺˡ

˵գҲûٿŮһֱۣ˺ȥһˮֻһȦƽֵԡ

߶һˣ˺һЩĿȥۣҲ죬ֻһ䣬ôܾȻӦ

Ҫʼա۵Ϊղŵ飬鶼ЩáԱ͹ķ˻û򿪣һ䣬ϽԷɣô󣬱θ

˭ʹ󣿡˺ۡ
۴ʹٲ͸÷ˡ

˺һţҲˣ˵ʱҲ˿顣Ů챻ˣҲ֪㡣

浱ȫĿⶼˣȻ˵ʲôǹƾ۵ı飬֪ˡ

ҿûǣֻʵʵ˵۾µüżְԼ𸻡
˵ʵҲ𸻡˺ʧЦһֻǻãҲ

ֹǲ˼ҵүôҲûǮĺðɣ
۳˸ۣ뵽ɭԽĻ̾һʵ˵ɣ֪ҲǵϣǵҪʲô

Ϊʲôȱ˰ˡ˺ɬķüͷ΢ŵ壬㱾ûҲáʱҲ쵽ˣôδһãȻ

۵˵ͷôҾһһű֮ĵġ

ôˣҪն˺üۣ⣬ҵĴģʣµ·ҪԼߡҪʵģи΢Ƶȥԡ

ֺγһ壬һο⻹һЧӦСǰﲻꡣ
Լܼģӡ

-

˰죬۸Ĵһɵʱ򣬻ЩӦӲȡûֱȻضѹƽ

ԴˡľЦıۣʳʣİɣҶˣһγʳǴӸһǡҾø϶˽˺ܶʳСģҲֵҡ

˺ҲţݿŵһȥˡҰﻹʳˣҼʡ۳׵رˣǰڼϴ裬һΣֲ

ˣȻţɣأʵ̫ҸˡľһжϷۣ˾ϷǮ

ЦЦľ껻˯£ľ꣬ҺϹ׼Ƶ

ģҶġľһȥһɫ£̫ˣס𣬱֤ܵᡣ

Ҳʲô˵£ҲǡľӣۻͦĵģѯһɭԽõظ󣬲Ƶȥ

УҾԱ죬ǡľһ̵ϴ䲻Ƽֻ¶ɭԽòŤͷȥ

һƵͺɭԽ²۽ײŮ˵С£˵üȣɫģѧϰĹȫڽˡ

²˰Σڰɱйĩ˻ɷµɭԽ˵Ǯǲѹͦģ
ΪɭԽڷļʱʱ̧ͷۡ

Ȼǵ°ܣܲ
ţɭԽܵػһ䡣

ۿɭԽļ۸ˣɭԽٲ˳߹ȥ㣡

ֻʲôɭԽ̧̧ۣģۣǮ˵֣ƺûʲôϵҪԺ


ǣ㲻֪׬ЩǮǹͬƲ




36.     ɭԽƺЦһ

С, ƹⰵúܡ

ɭԽĻȥ۵Ƥƫ, ϵŭԶ׼ϸĽëݺݵ·߼Сèһˡ

Ĺܶ࣬ۻûʱ򣬾Ѿڴ顣ֱڣĿûüĿ
æһ죬ƣúܡֻһ۵ȴֻ˼֡ģһŭ⡣

˵ĲԣɭԽ

Ըƨ, ǻڲƲ, Ҳз, ôͲǮˣŮꡣҪ·;ңԶ, ˳߹ȥһ١

ɭԽƺЦһ£һξ͹, ŭգſӦ, 㻹Ц
ЦЦ, ֺÿġɫ, ۲ѹ£ΪΪһ޸֡

𸻵˲, ҲŸɭԽҲûˣ޷Լûȴ־ǻŲ
Ǯһַաüͷ΢΢š

Աߵľһ, һַգԸеַա

ɭԽ黹ûд꣬һ߿ļһһûһغ£趨ƵǼۣͰѳ͹ˣҿӻ

ⷽ棬۶ûɭԽרҵӡɭԽѡЩ·ǲʷ棬޿ޡ

ţʱƵ㡣

ֺɭԽһᣬʱˣŹƵ
رͷȥľһĽı飬û뵽ܱ濴ģЦͦӵ

֪ΪʲôǸо˳硣ֵģԣǾϸĳĽ

̫Ҳһͨ˶ѡ۴˸ǷɵǰһƪɭԽĲƾɷá

ٳɲţʮʽӹϣʱ䣬ҵ漣
ôʵҲǸͨˡѹҲҲϴ

ۣˣľغһʲô
ۻعǳǳһЦûʲô˯ɡ

ڽŵʱ½С

ÿæϷҲûʱۡһϷɱ࣬˶æʰ͵УŸոƵ

Ӿͷ￴ȥȷΪɫݣֻҪԼʵб¶

ô
ӰûͷžͷֱûнĻſڣҺܺ棬үôϷȤ

ʵȦ棬иĵ뷨Ϊͷ¶棬һ˻ִΪϷӵǵȦȦġ

Ҽǵãμһ˵Ҫ޸ǡ

һ漴Цѣˣ
μһжʱڵȷ˵ĻֻǶôˣΪμһ˵һ仰ܵȦ졣

ÿɷ
μһ˵ľ仰û棿
ֻμһˣֻǵáʱ仹еʱ

ۿŽ仯׷ףĿһΪʲôͷǵμһɣ
ȥ۵׵ı壬ЦЦ㲻μһңһ𣿡

á
ȫһӣƫִμһ˵һϲһֲ̬ռС
μһµģñڰ

вȥΣμһҩ۹ӰƼ˳߹ѹٺܿ죬ϲϷף͡ԣ˳һʲôһС

ҲգۣƢһֱܲ

ۣľϷС˵˹һ۽˸к˵˵ܻȥˣǻȥúõظСͳŵɡ

ľϷæϷǺԱһϷСദʱ䲢ûôࡣֻǱϾദ˰£ٶżָм֮顣

á۶ûʰԼĶСǱȥ

ͽ𣿡ľЩ棬ЬѵһϷʱżҴ顣
죬ֻǰѡͣ½ŲһƬ֡

Ȼƶ񤣬ɫȴִдУһҶü첻꣬·Ѿɺ˺ܶࡣֻǿĵطһ·߹Ьⲻ˻һ

һ뵽Ҫ뿪Щӡ
˺˵ÿһξ塣ʶˣԭϣΪһڷüѡ

ûôǣǰѾСݡ
С¿ε磬Ժʯ滭

ǰֽ󣬾ҵǸС滭ɫ֣ǰ棬һλɫ·Ůˡúܳȫò

С۵ĿһЦݣ㣬С͸ǵйģľġ

壿ľһӾץ˾裬յСǰЦصСҲǹ˵ϣ
С룬ҡͷǹ˵ѾܴˣҪġ
˼С˶ʮ꣬ٺ磬ǻǲҪ
Ʋ죬ˣҲǰװᡣ

㣬ˣС𣿡ͻС˵ǹģȹ˾ͻȥЩȥǻԼ˵ܶ飬ܶóԵġ

ľˣǸԱϷ߱ϱģķҪ̫ࡣϰ˹һʱ䣬ʶһЩˡȵҲûϵ

Ҳ֪۵СƽӣǵСˣȥҽ㡣ǵý֮ǰ˵𣿶Ҫܸıܶࡣ

С֪ˣСصͷЩɥȥСҪþúþòܳ󰡡
Ű꣬˵ˣʮǳ󣬻ʮء

ܿģСգգۣȻͷԼˡ
жʱҲóϽһһĴˡǵһ죬һֿûκε׼

ǽɲССִҪĩ˻ǲϷˣر۵
һͿⳡ棬һ䣬СŽʲôӣ
СԴûϵҲá

⺢ӣƽʱҲûôġң軵ˣùЦˡһ߲֣һ߶˲С֣ļ򣬡ȳԷæһˣɲܶŶӡ

СԣŲ鲻Ըɿ֡ۿͨͨģһҪ޳һ
شСһ˯òã
С۾һӾˣ͵ص˵ͷã

һĴͣûɭԽڣֻ˾нʱĶͦģߵʱɢɢģȴղһӡ

СҲܴҲˡľҲæŰѶȫãõģ
۵ͷμһϢľ˵ۣҾԺһ衣

ۻμһԼбͼСμһĻܣ͵жУȫȻ֪Ѿ塣

СдĺӶᡣľ˵ţָͷϸ㿴СͲճңҲֻšȷҶԺûôᡣ

ۻûע⵽㣬ᵽ£ǿܣҶҪӡ

ΪʲôֵܵʣӼֱԴ˷ѣľߵ;ãúÿӦöӣԴ

˵ɡ
ɭԽˣȻʮ»̥ʹôҲҪһ⡣

-

꣬ϸϸġŶҹҪһϵ˴İɫë£䣬ż־̬üȾЩġ

ϻһܰ칫ңҼǵǰװޣôһû䡣
֮ǰͺɭԽ˵ùھһɫϵ棬ӦжȡϾ칫һ˵ҲðСʱֻ档ܲˡ

ϰˡɭԽһȣźˣ

ţһʿˡ֮ǰһֱڹ⣬ŵҽԺѾ̸ǾԵġһڿȣϲĿɬá

лˡ
ɨһۣлͲˡҲǮ¡
ɭԽǰˣҲ֪뵽ʲôɫȥ

ҿһ䣬ǶϿɲϲ۽΢żɢЦ⣬äҪϲĻھͿˡ

ûһ۾Ϊ²Ҫ飬һΣ㲻Ҳֱתߡ

üӣǶˣ

ɭԽĬãءšһ
ֹģɭԽԼָ̫ӵĸʲô




37.     Ϲ۸

, ͷ

ڴ׵ֻһ£ְ۵׻δȥľ, ȴ˲˲١

Ӻ䣬˯һҲû˿ů⡣ﻹŵùζ⼸춼ϰˣҲš

ŵ˯Сģ˿ûļƿӣ·Ѿʰˣ˼͵ſڡ

ˮ, ϴһˮϵһ˲, Ծش˸

, Сû𣿡ľ, ѾʰˣԺһš
, ˯죬ûĺҪ, ĻҲ˵, ûҪٰС

Ҳáľִ˳һ, һ㣬Ȼ͸ˡȥһüϷһϢʱ䶼ûС

໹ȵ, ˲ٵ⡣ʱһΡȥֻƵüæµӰ

ͻȻһС, ඼α겻αɭԽһ㣬˺ҲǡֻǼ˸ֳ棬ϰΪ۲ųᣬǻȴ޴ɱԹ

ù緹Сûѡֽȥһۣͳŵ˱Ŵ󲿶뿪
˳ǴԼбԽԽСۺðӦ

г̺ܸϣһʱǹˣһط塣һլСʱȥլոһλܺͰϲɫϵķ԰ԼסլƳ˹ʱģ

լӺܴͷͥԺͼɽСʱʱ򣬻Ժ·̰˼ɽϿҲˣòУɭԽ˯۳һ죬۵һαд顣

ĩϢʱ˳˼Ϳ˲ԶǳЦϡ

ҲģֱŤͷߡ߼ͷϳһ磬Ƚִϣۣ겻ң̬ȣ

Ҫ˵µ˻ĸɭԽžǰϡҵĳӣɭԽͬ䡣СʱɭԽƧҲܺ˵ϻ

ֻϴСͺԸյɵȴûټֺɭԽò۵ֱͯǱڰ޳ѹȵİͯꡣ

úˣμһУ԰˫ԣ۲ŸоԼʼ졣

סֱ֡ڱסͱס֮ԥѡߣ̧ͷһغ˵ϴˣҽť»졣

ûסЦס۵ϣɭԽäɲä

ܺãɭԽ֪ܶҲ˱˽µĹϵóʲôˡ
ֻϧУҪƾ˵ֵôҲԼҸǵͷһ

㵽ʲôܲװװϵĹϵҲܰɣһ֮䣬һ굽ͷʲôġ
ټҽƽʱȽæﳤջҲûôƵüˡ֮£ɭԽĹϵһ㡣

ֻǲһٷѣôʲôȻȻ۵䣬۵صôд֣

裡
ۺ޲ҧǰˣҽԺûлҪ𣬷ǵð˷ų

ݺݵعһϣӲǰƽЬ߳˸߸Ь̬ţû뵽ɭԽҲˣϻűʼǱԣںͷ˵Ŀ⡣

ۣɭԽüͷػ˻֡
ۺԥĵĹĵȥűߣһ㶼ɭԽ֡

ţʣµǿԺԽӣʲôʱϵɭԽ˵ԣѰװµСݵǰԿӡ
Ҳֺá۰һǰͷˣôˣ

ۣ췢գæǰæ󡣡ϵһ䣬ָڷϣĿںӾУǸˬۡ
Ҳûģǰĳϻɵ׷ƨɺ溰磬ڳ˾Ͳˡ

۲ĻǵɭԽ
ȥðСʱ˱¡ɭԽָָǴӡ
ȻҪԣ
СʱϾһ࣬ڶǰ˶

ӰװµĴȡСģ۴򿪡ʱθǷһԽԽֲԡ
Ϊʲô˻ûз³ôİװΪĲ⣿

ϵͷ˸ţӺӾͿۺιɭԽԶüۣˣǰʲô

ƨ֪
ôѧˣɭԽȳԡ˵ͷޣͲɭԽ˵Ϲ
ζɭԽ̵£䵭Ҳʲô飬԰ɣҲû١

ЩɡѲһܣɭԽͼǿ־Ϊһϵµ˳ˣȡ˾޴ĳɾͣ
ֻǣ࣬ȥͲô

Żɵ̬ȣСسһڡ

Ҿ

ɭԽԶ۵׵ľùӣҨһڵݵߣϴκöˣѵ³̫ޡ

̤ζҪɭԽ׼ðһȫϡǱɱģ˵ô޳ܵĻ

ǰɭԽѾۣʲôʱܸĸ˵໰ë

Ǳģ
۲˵ǳûϺڰ˫ɷĸۡ

һ·Ĭ˵ط۾ʹٷô˵ҲһûúóԶˣɭԽеģĶϲԵġڵԼԳһͷţ

СؤһϿһۣͷţʣ𣿡
̲λС㡣ָָۣһ죬ӷϴ

ӷϴһ̲裬ٿŵ
۷˸ۣȴûٿתͷɭԽ˵ҽƲҵȤ

šϴչҵĿǰ»ỹûоѡ򡣡Ϸչõȷֻǲҵ̫СɭԽʽӹϽʱ䣬ҲǸÿˡ

ֿʼ⣬ΪӷϴġֻôһôĪؾͶˣ
ĬĬڣ۳˸߰˷ֱٶҲһߺ̲һߴɭԽ

˵˰칫ʱ󡣷ɭԽҲһģοֵӳ֡һӣǵֲòĳԴ󷢣Ļ

̵ذһС꣬۲˲졣
ԱˣɭԽձߵͷûʲôģ
ƬƤѼζҴһݣϻҪԡʵ̫ûԵôóԵˣ۶ԼΪʲôһͷţĸθźá

㡣Աĵص

ʲô¡۰һۣǳЦӯӯӣָоһ㵽ɭԽı󣬽Ϲ۸ҡ

ۣ񲻶ģϺס

ɭԽҲ񺮵ˣ᲻صؾһۣ˳ס֣վŵķԱ̫̫˵Ĵ
˵۸ôɭԽ͵𣿺űȲֵ֮飿
㲻ң۵

ɭԽͷҲҵĳҪô
ø磬ǣɭԽúһ硣
Ϊϲ𡣡УҶϣһ񶬹ϣ

ɭԽؿۼ룬ǲ񶬹ϡ
ɵϡ

˵ûУСѶԻ𣿡һԵȵòͷˣ㻹һ𣬻״û

۲˹Сӣ̧߰°ͣ޾ˣع



-

ؼҺָֻ糣۵ڶȥͯ

ﻹһԼûȥջ飬һ졣Իȥ֣Űﰲ

㣬Ҹ˵Ǹʱϴα˵һ˼ҹ˾ҪƷȨѣ˵ʮء
ʱҲǸѧԣ˫ѧλڶרҵǹҵơƵĻһճСƷѾһҹ˾ϣƹгϡ

ۼһ֪ĻΪƷкô㣬ѧУвϲİɣ
֪ٺͱ˵ͯЩҪѧϰǹ˵ôôȤ

ͯСԴֲ㣬ʲôóĴС㡣
ѽѧ̸ġѿڶԼе뷨ͯСһ죬֧֧ؽһ䣬Ҳû̸

񡣡һȻӣҪ֪ȥҲƣǹڼңһ£ɧˣõ׸ô׷

Ҹﲻ̽㰡ͯŲȥɭԽһվûš
ֲ̯֣׷Ҳûá

𰡡ͯס۵֣Сһϵزţ㣬ͰҡȻŸףҶ˵ϲкˣǷǵòš
ֲҸϿʱĴڣµʱٲ鿵ʱݣŵһס˻û׷ֱˡ

һ㶼ףԼԼ취
ۣҽ㲻ˣͯص۵ĻλñխСǵڣ˶۵ĻҪϡ
۲ˣͯᣬҲܲ

𣬳ǽæͯŲߣҶʮü˻ĸ̥˶ЦҡҺòһϲģ׷ҾͲˡ
ͷۣҪǰã׼һ߹ȥŶʮͷΪһҪҪģһ־ûСֻڣٲӦҪҪľˡ
Уһͷʣ

ãŶ㡣ͯȥϰһڡ



۾͵ûؾ飬լǼҲԸߵҲĵ·ȥҲǰСʱһΣûù˺ŷ䣬ֱסڼ

磬ɭԽҪӰ࣬Թ˷۾ɳ￴硣ˣһӰſһ룬˯֮䣬

ôۿһʱ䣬ʮˡϳȥɭԽϻմż⣬ԾԱŲһ㡣

С۵ףɭԽףţ⼸춼˿ȥϢ

һãҲ˯ĵ㡣۸˱ˮͻȻ뵽ʲôһᣬϹ϶˰ɣҸҹòã

ãϴ˯ɭԽϢãŵ֮ͲԵġ
У϶ˡ۵סɭԽ·ظˡ

Ҫģ˲
ڣֻأҲɭԽĳգ




38.     ˵ϲǹ͵ģ

ûпյ, ɭԽԡҳŲ⡣

Ѱ볨Ĵغ, ¶ȵʮȣһʱ䣬ѾССʱֻҲûκ۵Ϣҹôã
ɭԽЩΣز˲ͷǰɣ¥

ĥɰʵģۻʽذŸϣ͸ŻܿæµıӰ˵ڴ, ڰ, ˼ѵõ̻ζ

ƿ, ŰţⷸƼ, ۾һһ¡
ɭԽ￴һ, Ҳ֪ţû죬ٳһ¡
ٳ˾ˡ˫, ӹһ˵ݵɭԽ, ζ

ɭԽĬ, 鲻Ըس¡ζУ೴̫ɣȫûпڸпԣô˺ţֿ
ֲҳ, ô鷳ʲôۻشֱ׳


ɭԽ룬һ죬ᱻԼλӲӸ

, ٳһ£ʡԻ˵ı㡣ԹԵĵְѻ򿪣߸ʽһ£²ţⶼûҹ

ɭԽм֣뵽֮ǰը΢¯סˣСһ㡣

ûûղžСⶼ졣͵ѧŵһ£׼ζ硣
Ҫ´ɣǸһ¹ˡ
һɭԽЩܲе㳣ʶ

۰ѻصͷһۣôûʶҲãûаѲֵ붪΢¯Сʱ
˼ǿᣬ˾Ͳûѳˡ
ɭԽ죬۵úܣڣʱ䲻ˣط˯

ȰЩˡ˸ÿӣذҲǸɭԽѧģȻĶôǵýʽС

ɭԽǰһ˵һ̳ðţ⣬һ䣬ۣҳʲô⣬ŲҲ̳С

ģҶŲûʲôȤ۴ߴٵεεģҵһƬġ˼ҡΪжء


ɭԽüģʲôֱ
ۣԺҳԣһ㶼ԡ
ҲθãҪкģû׼ܿɭԽٺݺݵһʾʧѡ

ԡץסθһַҲǿԵġɫһЩɭԽڿԹԹȥ˯ˣ

㻹ǵóꡣ


Ҳ֪ǲΪţ飬ɭԽһЩ˰ӣƫͷĳٸߡ˻µܰĵ˯ҲʵԼϡ

ͷ´ϵ񶯣ɭԽӷ۵ֻ浯ľμһʮϢ

μһ쿴͵߸ĸ
[ͼƬ][ͼƬ][ͼƬ]

ɭԽɫһڣϴεĽѵû˱˽»ҷֲͼ

μһûпϵģҸȥұ֤һξû⣡
ûʾ̫࣬ɭԽֻüһСֻǲҲ֪ʲôĵĻ
ɭԽ룬ղԡӦһε֮롣

ۡɭԽغһŵεȫûͰ£ʶع˹ɭԽȥ

ɫȻ§ۣ˯˵ǰ֣ƽʱŵʱʲôͷ۵鶼ó

ۣҪֻɭԽǰ˵һҲ岻ѣĴָѹָƼϣɹ

ͷμһ²ˣܣֱͨڡ
μһǸǹϲͣҲԺ˯֣

ǹô֪ϲ͵ˣ

μһ棬˲ҴϴƽʱϷȾ£һû١ϻר˸£˯
˴ѧ֮˺ܶ࣬μһμҵĳ谮ԽԽңǿ˸С󹬡

ɭԽҲû㿴ǽ˽ֻײˣݻôͲòһ䡣

ǣԶڴůشеμһڴյһɭԽ
ɭԽҾöͦãһ


μһѿˡ
ȵȣⲻ۵΢ź

ϸϸֿһ飬ȷɡ㣬ұҲš˯һƥǣϢط

μһͻȻҰĺ󹬣Ҫɢˡ

һ˯üˬֻصжʱڣŮ˧硣ҪǣǰǰһɭԽһΪ׸Сϱ

泩ػص飬㻹ûʼŵԱ߿ϴι˺Ƽ΢ƵҲһʲôȲۣҪʮӵƵһĹػ⡣ʱúܳµ֮ǰͶ塣

ͦȤģⲻľ磬ڹ±ܲ˵ֱֻҪȷͷĵĶʵУҪıʲô

룬۽ͼμһϴκһ죬Ů˵ԼУʱҲҪһ˳ṩп

ȻںĿ϶ǿ⡣Ҫ˧ԱߣãӶ칫ԣҪΪ㡣

μһǵػ
ʶشһȥǶ塣
ǺܾǰĹˡ

ûЩ۸˵˴ʱ䡣ⶼˣ϶õҲ࣬գæŲٰ졣ôһ㣬Ҳ·ݣʱůҲʺ㡣

μһ֮ڹֹͣס
Ůַʲô裬ǲп̫ãʶˣ
ۣп
μһ˵ҷУһÿ

۷һ¼¼һε죬ͣǰ棬ûʲôƬ
ۣʲôУ

μһ
üһֱӺüһɭԽɱģ֤ݶøɸɾ
μһȻɵֱȥɭԽһߣû׼ĺ󹬻ܹӲд졣
μһûʲô£ǻȥ˵ˡ

۶ͷ룬ðβŷһֹȥ

[ˡ]

ص֮ڴܶ࣬δ඼㣬Ҳ࣬ΧһҲж䡣

ľϷҲˣֻ֮ۺһըŻؼҡ

ԻЩͷˣ۸ճը·ϣоЩۡСſ˱ȥֲʵĸоűѹȥ

СߵԼſڣ۶ˣһ·ϱԹšţͷԼеĺڰ˵ҪӰڿذԱһһ䣬㲻˵ҪӰ𣿡

鲻࣬ȻɭԽ䣬оܽۡմͷϾСֻʹشܣıǱһֱüͷ

ôûףɭԽҲûƿ۰ԼȡůĹߡ

ھˣСǲϲˣҴ򳵻ýСһ·߽ˡ
ˢã˵ͷĹأڱСľӼҳڡ

ţҪ꣬ķϡҲСĵ㣬ǰ챻͵ֻɭԽ΢΢üͷĿ΢ᡣ

ҲΣֵǮľˡɭԽÿĿգһʱûס°һڡ
ΪʲôμһϲЩеȴҪһڲ࣬ҲͬĶ

ɭԽûסȴˣůһ£ˡ
Щ̬Ѿﵽȣûѩȴô̹ǡ

ɭԽֻգоϵԴĲЩ
Ұ˾㡣ɭԽ˳ͷԼ㶪ˡ

ֲС˵˲ֻװλȥɭԽ
ůģôߵػ˸λãůֱɭԽţͷ˿ȥ㲻䣿

ɭԽһۣأ

ӦģϾͱˡ˵ԽԽ顣Ȼ棬ɭԽԶԶ
Ҿ㲻䡣ůˣͿʼСǰƶĸ

ָĺãǰˡֵģܶʱܿЩŵϣƽ˶ĶԼĮ

ţһȵǾѹһˣùͷˣǰλ˴¡

ɭԽҲϣطܣѹ֡һ£˶΢΢סֻǰ·ţ˿ûи

֮䣬ᶼ쮳ˣ΢ɤ˵ϲǹ͵ģ




39.     ˣȥϴ

û뵽㹴, ɭԽôڱɳϣ¶ǹŵġ

˵û·, ϣûʲôҲڿյ㣬ټ˶⡣

.︡⻰ʱ򣬻ЩûӦԴٶһᣬ

ʲôǹ
˭˵ģ
ҡͷʮֵʶʱżֿǻ, ϲ

ɭԽƺǵЦһ, .кż, ϲϲ, ֲ㡣

㵹Ƿſ
۸оԼҪˣֻؿɭԽ, Сغ绹Ҫϰࡣ

ھŵ, ˯ʱ䡣ɭԽĴ, , ϲʲôˣ

ᣬǵоʮǰΪʲôɭԽһѲΪƽʱ, 
ۿһνҪڶεʱ۸Ͻ, ϲ־õˡ

ɭԽĶסɫĪؿһۡĬرһᣬֱǹɹ.̵.΢΢ɢȥɿ

ɭԽ̺ӣСԼ˯£һŵۺᱧ¥ȥԡԡף

Ҫ衣дԡײòǱϧûл꣬ȻܻһԼԡľ

ɭԽ򵥵Ӧһϣԡҷˮ
ӹһٵۻЩûӦ˱.Źˣԡҵţþò˳

ԼĪһᣬſɭԽɫ΢ش߳ˮϴһ衣
㻹ðɣ۵ĵһ䣬ĿⲻԾػĳĲλ˵Ӱ첻á

ȥϴ衣ɭԽס۾ԡҡ
۾ˤ

ۿ·ӶСġߺڰٶһ߶״̬¡΢̵ĺԼϣ˵ͳɳƵɤۣ㰲һ㡣


ˣ벻˵ˡ

ǳԵ̫ˣ۵ڶɤӾЩۡװƿˮϳһ·Ĭ顣һϣû˵䡣

緹
á

ԶԶ̧ͷһۡ⽭ھӻǶһ̫̫šΪ׺ͣټ֮ǰͺ;ˣȻǹ˼Ҳͨ

ǽͲͬˣϷһקȫΪ˽ʱ䣬˳Ҳ֪˹˺˶ǹһ


ۺǲм˰Լĺ߱ͽϡЦЦɫ䣬׽͸
ԣϣμһⱲӶˣûûȥҲͦá

緹һº͵Ťͷȥ˺ߣᣬʲôĵ˵˵ֺֺǡ

ɤۡ۴򿪺з滹иȡԥһ£ɤӸۺͺúó֮䣬ԥѡߡ

ۿԣⲻԾԲС
һ㣬ľ컹Цȥ¸μһαμһǰм޵ӣǱĥƽˡͳԣҲ

ŵ㡣˺ɨ϶ڲסǺۡһֱϲΧյûšüΣ˶Ƽϵĺۼ˽˷ĺгƫƫŮһ㶼ߣн

˼룬˺Ȱһ䣬˻ǵñԼ塣ȵٺھˡ

û취Ҽã˵Ľۺݺݵҧһڼȣص˳ʳǲһ

˺Ҳģ֪֮ǰܿˣԻĻʳԤУڹ֮ǰӦò⡣

ں˺ŭһЦؿԭݽߵѾ߽٣ҿҲͦеģҪʹһ£

һ㶼УҪңҪҡ۾üȲˣ˺֪ὭⲻǹӦ

Ի˵𣿡Դ˺һ£ˣҴˡ
´λң

˺ҲúСӼƽϣͳԱˣϢʱ䡣еģ֧ԴǶСһʲô㣿

ؼպȻأֵؿһۣ漴뵽˺ͼĹϵ̫áȦô꣬˼Ҳûܹ
˼ˣСһ䣬㲻ؼң

أﰲףٻǵûȥӦһ¡˵˺ЩͷۣϾҲʮˣŮѶû䡣ô꣬Ѿͨ뺡

ĿأԴǵؾܾˣȦ˭ʶۡƭƭ˻Уҿɲҡ

ףȦܺ䶯ĳ١رμһǸӻѱ۵ֵøȦ˾֪

ĳȺ濴нôƻ޵Լңôôҵġʵеһλı۸ˣ˶ˡ

˺ҡҡͷһҲûæݼ׾ӡģһʮҶӶࡣ

ޣԼ̫̫ۣ
㿴ʲô

˺˼ת˺ðβŵʶ˶𣿡


ôȥ

бһ죬ֻǻھ飬װһƽ͵ӡҪǹ˺Ҳֳһۣڰ˱Ʒˡ

˺ΪӦףȻѳԼǸͬб𣬻бۿľ

ѾȲҪֱεԼҸĸǰһ˻Գǳ棬룬;Լһꡣ

ۣ[죬ʶ˧綼ҷҪ˺ѡ]
μһ[ģΪӦô棬ͲԼˣ]
μһ˵׵ֻǹ˺û
ۣ[ģ˶䡣]

ʵҲ˺뷨һѾһӡʣµҲᰮ˭ôƹˤˣеĻŮϷҲûʲô

ǣ˵͵ͬһϷԿ

μһҲľͼһǼʮšۿۻңһƵţͷĵ绰ʹˡ

Լ仹кĴʶһ۴ͷʱӡѾŵ㣬㻹ˣҲ

ķɻμһźˣԵЩͣ£Ժˡ
ٽ꣬μҲæμһΪμҵĶŮôҲûӦֵ顣ܸ׼ס

㻹Ժ̣㻹ôӦǼʮˣЩ˿ɲС̹ױŪ

Ҫ˵μһôֲܻ׵ӣǶҲǶи׵ĵŮУ뵽һһǰΪҲһ˵˶׼˼ʮһٶȣ궼μһõġ

ҲóԱ취μһ⣬о飬Ҹ㶨һ롣

μһǾұ㺦û𣿡ڿԼõԴǲֻװ֭ˮҪǰףǱȲ˵ɭԽ׼ðʬ

ڲڡμһЦһûûΣȼɱģһҿ϶ֽ


лл

ͷƺǴ˵ֹһִԣֺġ

ŵ㣬֮󡭡۲֪ô˵ȷöԸ
ʲôμһ¹˭

۵ûٸǺμһ첻µز£Ψ꣬Ū޹ΡجһĴڣʱ֡

˵绰ۻЩͲӦģ͸ñͽȥһ룬ӱͱ壬һ˼η̬ô죿

ߣȦӣеϵ㽭Ҳ壬һ̳Ҳʲô¡
Ȧµһ㡣

ſڴۻͷȥոշɭԽѾȵĺԽԽģһǡ

ɣﰡͻȻҡ۱õòС
ɭԽǲͻȻˣ֪Ҫʲô

һûףɭԽϲġһ첻´Ƭý˼֮ࡣ

Ҳǡǿףô˰Щס
ǼзŵˮζЩϰߣȥҽԺˣ
ɭԽ˵ģһʱơȻҲ֮ǰһЩ

ţӣɭԽҧ´˹عš
ȥģ˼СʱΪζɢ˺ܶࡣû뵽ıӣô顣

ǹ۵һۣұӿˣҪСҾͶȡ

ɭԽĿɤżֲײᣬۣҶСûȤ
˶٣˼ұȽϲС


裬ŲС

ûȵĴѹ۱ǵģͰѳֲסˣȥϴ衣

ɭԽ̧ۣԸطſĿȴɨһԻûֻϣģƬۣ͹ԡ

˳Ŀ⿴ȥϽٷɿ죬Ϊ˺ѡģҪӱףǵҰæʵһ㶼뿴ģ۾

ֻҪ͵ÿ죬˾û




40.  ϻ   ˼ֻϲĸ

ЩĬ, ۻɭԽѹţҲӲ

գԼˮ۾, ߵش˴ɭԽţͣ˼ֻϲϹĸ
ۺңΪ˽ʳԵò࣬Ȼھ͵ȫ³

ɭԽȻмܣ䲻ȵضһۣӴʲôʱ뷨

ⲻǱ𣿡һ, ĬĬذֻ, ô, ͬ鲻Ա, һס

ҲӡҲ£ɭԽһԹˡ, ûҪʲô
ѡȥϴ衣ɭԽҲ۵ú, 绹˺, Щڱ

ԡ, Ťˮ޴ˮͲϵ³塣ˮܴҵɭԽͷ˲񡣱ûϴͷģҲʪ˴롣ˮС, ղҵһЩ

εµˮ£ɭԽϴһᣬ˯¡˸ɾëͷ, ȥſű棬СѾֵһš

ɭԽۣղ𣿡
ûаҾϴһԡҡۻͷһۣôˣˮ²ʣ
֪ˮѹȥɭԽ룬ĻᱻԼӸ

ˡۼɫãЦزɭԽƾͲˡ
ɭԽ§סܹܲԵ㣿

ƨﲻԣ
ĬĬذһۣϻһͻݵӣͷôϱղŻôᣬϴ˸ôꣿ

䲻ıǾ޴ˮѹͷൽ£ɭԽΪԼܼᡣ

ͷ߰˷ָɣɭԽŹҲƬɭԽҲˣֻǰͣҪ㰴˵۹ѡѡ

Ƭͦ࣬ɭԽַ˼ţ¶.û۵³ۣҾһܵʣֺá͹˺ǿǿɡ

ɭԽһۣƮƮһ䣬жã
ûáһϣЩݺݺ̫μһ۹Ϲʮ֮һȲ

ôɭԽڲĵĻ͵ú𾢣
۱𴩣չȥһڣûУֹˮȫû뷨ѡײһ
䣬ʹһֻ֣˽дĵطҲ֮˹š

Ŀ©һġһǰɭԽǻݣٵڵһģֻԽԽס

ûͦģ
ɭԽͻȻ˵һ䡣


Ϊǵôˣ

ɭԽùֻЩϢ¼һɾ
£ۻ
ɭԽûиֱɾУԺٿ֣ٱҷһΣ΢Ÿˡ


ݻɭԽݡ

۲ԼȡĸҾͿ֮˽֮
ۡɭԽ֣һΣеؿ۵׵ᡣ

һԴס


Ҫˣ˺ѧô
ҲЩŲסˡ

-

μһһ죬С꣬轵

ʱˣյûһᣬԶԶؿμһСܹĻǵºţп㣬ǿ䡣

˶ˣμһ֣־۵·
Ҳ䣡ۺ޽Ŀμһ֣̿ˮһЩʹУ˭㲻ഩ㡣

μһ뷴ȥһأ۾ȵ￴һϤӰ

ˣ
˵һȴ
۵ɫһӾ͵ȥôˣ
μһ΢΢Ӳ壬ôң

¸ƨμһ˶磬Զ䡣תϽ۾ЦһҪǸҶʲôʱû˽ҵıӻ㣬Ƿַӵ顣

ǳǳһЦµ·ģλ㣬Υ飬Ҳ
˶٣ֻ׷㡣

μһ񺮵Уȷúܺá֮ǰһΣûԽΥɧ.Ŷ㲻ϡ
ֻˣͷ·ӰһĶĴڣ

׷ˣС׷ģμһһס۵ֱۣϹ𣿡
۸һ׳յ񣬡þ۲ʲô㲻ǲ𣿡

ɭԽҪˣһɽھŮӡ

˾棬μһֱСܹȥ·𱳺ʲôޡ۴Ÿ߸Ьܲ졣ͷȥû׷ֱ۴Ǽף۵׵ɫЩľ

˳μһֱӱסӣղˡ
İɣҶʲô͵һ׷ߡĹͷ塣μңûа취

˭׷ô.̬μһңԽԽòԾ˵ƾʲôҳҲɡΪʲôһ˶ʮֻ꣬нһһ

˭㵱ʶ˲壬ΪǸС̹ĸġ
Ǹеʱ򣬼û˴ҲμһӲʹģ˼ҺÿȥϷ˼ҡⲻһ棬˼Ҽˡ

ŷ֣⽭ʲôСֱ̹һƥǡļμһ߼ûԣò֡

.ң֪ϲ̹װһӡޣҪˣμһ뵽ô˵Ҳйĵġأҧһڣü궼Ӵˡ

ɫͷһѵĵصμһĹͷοһ䣬Щ󹬣Ͻ˰ɣ˭֪ûеڶΪԼǺ꣬ġ

Ҫֲáμһ˻̰ͼɫ㲻֪Щ˶ġ

ûˡ
ҡҡͷɫӵŮˣŪġ

ĻʵΪɫ

Ҳɫ󣬺üζѳֲס

_

ԻĺǣʱɤƵܡÿ˵һ仰еڹԼĺһ۵òС

̸ķûԼڣ˿ӾͿϡָͣذԼĺϣܹûһЩ

̫̫ȥҽԺ̸ҩӦǺˣҽҲġ

ҡͷϻˣԵҩСȥҽԺùҺȡҩ鷳ˡ
ɭԽԼˣȥȻ°ȥͻ˰죬۸ϲСԼð

ֺһˮ۴ףͷɭԽϢ

ۣ[ȥ˾㣿]
ɭԽ˸ַҽԺ
ɭԽ[һᡣ]
аɣҲȥνƵǸʲô

ֱҽԺҽԺ¥ܶ࣬ۻоһ¥ĵͼУƼԱһϮ״ӡ

תͷȥϴһ۾ɢϢ˲٣Ƕ˼ŵζҲӣ֪˶Сʿġ

װơ
ĬĬ²ۣôࣿ
һ˵ۡŬʿˮû˿Ļ͡

Ϣʱ䣬ϰࡣϿһֱɭԽƻðСʱ

ôô˽⣬ǲ˵ֵ
ޡ۲˵ǹɻʹĥˡ֪ŵ㣬ôϻĶˡ

ע⵽ʿˮĶһ˵ֻп˧ʱⶬϲŻٶȻԼֵûȤųǾǺ

ãе۶ѡ
϶룬
ʲô
㿴

۽˰칫ң滹һҽϣЦЦСգŮѰ
ü۹ô


̤Ū㣡
봷ȴǳһҽԺҽд𣿡

̣Աá
ͺˣ̬ȣЩô̵סģͶס

һֵͲ°ͣ졣
۹Թ죬һϿø

û£ٶԵȵġϹֵͲ۲Ŀ⣬ٶһ㣬ҽԺﲿӭ㡣

Ͳ˵û𣿡
ôҲãȻá

ôҺ㣿Цһ£Ҳˣ巢ף⼸Ե嵭ģٸ㿪ҩ

ûʲôҩܻʹģšü˵Ҳۣ˵ۡˡ

ٸ㿪һƿģʹʱһ㣬΢⡣ϵüͷšòУֽˮţȥҩ

Ҳ֪ǲҽȨҩҲʮӵ顣

ܻһ㡣ϴóݸһ٣֧ɨˢֽ֧
Ǯֲɵҩ٣ɵ˵ˣҽֲǲá

ҵѣϢʱ䣬϶ҪӱϿʱҲˣߣ˿ûҪǮ˼Цôţ

ɭԽҪûǮѧˡ
Ͼ֪Լ治֪ҺԮ

ӵݳߣһߵɭԽİ칫￪ų

վŲȵɭԽ۵ļ򣬻˻еҩչŻпѣǧȸٷˡ


Ҳôģ




41.  ı   磬

һֱҽԺſ, ƽȵǰţͷķ羰ϵشǰˡ

ۻƵò, ˵޼鲻̵ΪʲôɭԽ۾գֱתǧ飡

νֵ

ԽԽòˬϴ˲תʮࡣŤͷ۴ɭԽţݺݵģתתɭԽʲôʱôˣ

, ǧ, ǮɭԽסָ, ϸ, ۾˵㻰
ҩѵȻֵǧֻǰչ, ǧˡ

Ǯָͷ㣬һλҲͼ, Ҷѡô, , ҵȥͶߣ˽Ǯ

һü򶼲ֹɭԽƵС̲ס󣬰οһ, ȹ꣬

ҶĻк˵۲ŷӦ
û鶼Ǻӣ˻, øСˡǰѧݲһŶãͳ˸Ǯһ

ң۵Ҫǽûңڿأ

㲻ƣǮֻᱻƭĲȫɭԽƹܵģͶʵҵҲǡ۵ĹʣɭԽĿϡ

ǰ汻ƭĿҲ󣬾ͦ˵ġɭԽҲ֪֪£˹ȥҲͬͬ⡣
ʱ治ҸɭԽϾȫҵ

ƫϣǱΪ飡

ɭԽһۣһû˵۵ȷɣ嵹ǳˣͣжʱڡ
Σڼ˯

ɭԽְ̫ȴֲĶãһԴ˷ѡ
ֻȴƫƫԴ˺ִšһӶС鲻õʱϲ

УҪʯۻ˵ˣƵúܡ
ɭԽѵһ䣬ҪǮǸ̫࣬ԼԳ

ܵòУ硣ĸо棬˲ܡҲˣӵ״̬ٺɭԽܣֱǰ׳Ϊ



ٽ꣬д۸̤ȥһֻţͱⳡסˡʱ䶼Ƚ磬ûôˡ

ɭԽҲƸסüͷúܽΧвŮʵˮζŵĺζһǿֲʣ۵ֽһЩ

Ҫȥ𣿡СĿȴԱߵӿ˺üۡϲ̣ۡ
áѵ£Ҳá
۵ǵؿһۣǲģʵҲǺ䣬ҪȥӰ

ۣ㲻Ǩҡ
ϲʻӣΪ˿ǨȥίԼҲҪѧȥ˵硣

۳˼룬ȥ˸˵һ
šɭԽӦһĿؿۣҪ뿪߷Χ
֪ǣءǣ֣յýġڴһƳʳʼɨ

Ƭɣ
ǰιʳÿһһ㡣ŸһŻܣƳѾһ롣

żȥһ㣬ûͱɭԽסӺۣ

ǰ˵ҹףϴôʳΪȥϷûԣؼһܣѾȫٹ⡣Ҳѹ֣ôʳ۲Ź֡

Һ˲ųԡ۵ҽлʡǮϾոôܼҡ
ǼҲȱǮɭԽקסҪϱŮˣ᲻صغһۡ

ƲƲ죬ųǰߣŹǺڼȥ˵̫࣬ȡ

ѡ
ҡͷᣬҾö࣬˵
ҳеĿڱǲģʳĴ඼ʵġ

ߵӱﴫ۶ָЩ˸ͷָϢشɭԽ̽ȥסȵĴ֡

ɭԽһۣװģص·üһ᲻ص֡

ѡڼأԱߴһЦɤûǧᡣ

ʦþòСأ۴˸кָɭԽȴסá

ǧһģƳ඼ʳģСڼң̫ˣУ

۰ؿһɭԽ
˼ңʲôŽģϹССȫųˡôѣҲûʦŵѧȥ

ǧѡһһƳЩȣôʳһ˳ԣ

ǡ۵سѣСҪġ
ռҺԼҶһЩСǧҲûϡ
ǻʲôҪģһѡˡ

˽⣬λС³Ҳ֪ġԼĺѣǾ͸ˡܻڣҲüǮ밢̡

˿Ϻ룬ʵˣŹǡģҿ򡣡


Ҳ˽ˣİ̶Ҳж

УҿŰѡһ㡣ʳĲĢҲܺáεһɭԽģͷ˻ȢõţҲ⡣
̸ʱΪܶΡʲô񶼻

Ҿϲˡ۸Ͻӹͷ
ЦҪɭԽѧϰǴû˽

УҶˡǧЦЦһɭԽֹ

ȥǡǧ˼ߣȴɭԽû֡ͷһСѹûǲд

ɭԽСžţ϶ݣȥ࿴ŵ㣬ԣ̫ࡣ

۷ܵص˵ͷǧ˻֡

һ罷㣿ǧϣཷζ㣬Ӧûϲ

嵭ģɤۣԲЩɭԽָָԱߵ޲ˣһЩزˣ̫⡣

԰ˡǧͻȻһжɵԺУô䳬ˣǴϲ˶ĳ档

ġɭԽ۵ķ򿴹ȥõϲ졣ɫĴ£һȺҲôޣһ۱ܿ
˵ֻһ㣬һץһѡЩζһ㣬ԣ˸õġ

ԱߴһЦɭԽɨһۣô

ûʲôǧǳǳһЦǾãϿ̻ζ
ǸϲԼڵɭԽҲʼ߳

-

յİڷŽ簢Ļζģ̱ǣֻп˲ŵõһЩ

ֵرż嶼档ңصֲϵػ̨ߺ͡

ҩɭԽһɳĳӣһˮҩϡ

۵ܣû͵ʳڼ嵭졣ճҩﶼǿɬҩζСšһţʶسɭԽһۡ

šɭԽ˸ֱ̨ϱһ£ѾѹٳȵģԼ
㲻˵ЩĻ𣿡Ҫ˸˵

ﶼǿζһΰɭԽ˵ǿǣҲһҩζôţѾһ˶

ոѹȥɭԽ˳Ʊסĵ̾ͷ𣬡´ܲһ㣬ҵģ

ĻůϤζǰ̫ӲǼ´档ȴԽԽࡣܶʱһ֣ڰԼĴ

СȱЩҲҪϿԵעѡ֪ǵƫԶֻ֮ͯҲȥˡ

ֻǲȥҪ

´ע㡣˲䣬Ӧúʹ졣
ɭԽĵ䣬Եͷȸҩôί
ûС۵һֻ֣ͻȻ뵽ɫ

ɭԽǵã֮ǰʹһܼ˺˽ˣΪģеһвҪȥĹ߶ѡ˵ھȤһɫ

Ϸݻûꣿ
ȻҲ֪ɫ˭ݡõĽҴү˽ҲƴԼĹ˾ɭԽףΪʲôѡϷ

ɡںȴǽֻɫͷɭԽ㲻ĳ˵𣿡

񣿡
Ƚҡۺصǰֻġ

ɭԽϣԼ֣ۣ֪еʲôŻҲࡣ

˭ϲµΪԭҲӡһϲ棬ֵ

ͻȻЩȥ͵ڡ
СľٶɭԽЩΣ΢ƿһ̫ˡ

Ҳţ۵Ͽҩ˼ǧأȴǵ˵ҩʺ⼸ʳġһ룬ҩζܳһ졣

ɭԽָСһϵﹰš§סϸһңҪҪҸϴ绰չ㣿

ôϣ۲ˣǰһ۸ΪຣˣôֿǱΪ顣
ֻ˵ֵ

ҽҸרҵ
Ȼɢһ㣬רҵȷͬе̳

Ͳð𣿡ۺϹţ㿴ЩӾ磬Ůһ仰˼ѪһʮﶼģҶ֤üҽѧ漣ˡ

ɭԽĬĬ˵Ӿ̡˿Ҳˣ۵棬ӱͲʹڸװˮ
ԣ֮ĸܴܲҽѧ漣

۲Ųԣһ˶ûˡ

ѵ۰ſǸһɭԽѵӵСһ㣬Žյţﴫһ

ɭԽ𣿡




42.     ˱ڻ

ɭԽʮ, ʵҲһʼҲкܶˣǵԼĸʲô, ҲǵСʱǸһְ֡

Ǻĳһ쿪ʼջھش̼֮磬ֻһˡô֣ʮ㣬˭Ҳǵá

ĸȻ۰ǸǰʱҪһı˴ˡ, ѧ֮ڹꡣէ, Ȼ, ȴҲ⡣

ʼѧϰôһ, ҲԼ𽥱ԽԽĮ磬СֻԼԽǳ, Խϲһ˵ĸо

ӹܹ˾Ȣ, ΪԼ滮õ滮ֻ, ڳıܲ˵, Ҫ

˵ѧôȥۡ

ѧĶܶ࣬ΨѵġĶƲ, Ҳ޷ȥѧϰֻǣԼˡ

þõĳĬ۶õɭԽĻش, ﶯ˶׼ʱ򣬲侲Ļش𣬡С

Щ죬ǲܿƵޣԺ磬ܾʡ

С䲻رɭԽۡģ¡

ڿɱˣʮ֮Ů˱úúñοʮˣȲЩСŮ

Ƥж񡣡ɭԽоţԼȣȷҵĺ񡣡

ǱֵģǶ쵰ֱ׼ݾ;͸­ͷһˡ

ûĿɭԽ֣ҲṻˣһͶŮش˸ɳϡɳǺܳ۵ֻܴɭԽϡ

ɭԽһۣҪ˯ȥ˯㻹üϡ

öҽԺֲֻһҽ˵֪ϴζɶʱôû뵽

ʱɭԽ.ֻҪһ룬ûüܣѾĨɾˡڻô˽أ

ȻСͯ˵öԣˣֻҪǱкģɫƦ

ۣҡ˻ֻܰ˻𣬾͵ɭԽĽѾӣӶͦȥϿһʡ

ʲô㣿ҳɫҪ㣿ҾһҲáòãòУȫ¼ˣжɡ

ɭԽԲУƤȷ񣬷ǵҪſŲſϰݡ¥Աߵ̺Ӹϡ

ۿۻ붯ɭԽؾһϴûˣλڿԣ

۲ˣرðΣ־ĥ˺һᣬ˸ͷԴĴϣ˵黰ɭԽͳϰɣǲϲˣҲɣ֣

ȷϲģȻ֪ûеĳ̶ȡ
ֻŮ˲̫ţҪӦﵽͷԺԹ̡ܽ

һۣɭԽһ䣬ĽŸոշϡ


Ѿֲ

-

լϷݺ٣ҪĵϷЩ࣬ڵȫɱһ졣

ǵһθܵһọܼ̈̄ѣԱĹԱҲۡȻرۣ

ɱûȥ˺һЩ̺ϰ壬ȥĻӦЩٳϵԱǰļ١

㣬ʰԼĶʹҸ֮ȥľ͸Ϸɻˣ֮ǰһѱһؿ޵òСҪʱҲ޵ĻҲǳϷһ硣

ҲĮľ屾ˡҲʲô󿧣˵һа궼ڼҡΪոϷ΢һȶȣг̲Ÿһ㡣æˣص壬ۻʱۡ

û磬˳ǰͣ£üᴹżֱЦ⣬С㣬Ҫһ𣿡
ۺ߿Ҫ

ɭԽź˾°෽㣬Ҫǳʲô£ϰڣԷ˵ɧš

ҲãǹټһԵУɫ΢ůҲʲôӦѾ˳ӡ

˭ֱǳҪģ
۹ϵϳһַȥ壬ȻǽþۻᡣɭԽ춼סڹ˾ˣԼһڼңյģּįġ

μһԼĵطʲôưɣһͨķ꣬ûаᡣ

ӴδСôˣ۰Ѱ£٩һ䡣μһԵС̹УǴ⣬ڶҹذ˴ˡ

ûǮ¡μһʼ磬ʼߣͷϻذҹڼΰÿͣˡ˼ûȨֲǲȥףôż֪ĻΪμһжô޲ȥһ

ȦȷˣϾܴչʮſ£ȷסǰ컹Ⱥ￴Ƚ֮μһΪ޲ȥƻˡ

ûǮˣԱҵѿɲͣ˵ϵĲ˾ûλġ

԰롣μһȻصշ˹ʣǮأҪƲ˶һ飡



ۼֱѲ˵ϡ˵ͣ·̯ÿɿˣôǮΪ˺Ƶ˺ڼʲôģɶҪǮġ

ٳԵ㣬ʱЩſɿ㡣۰Ѳ˵ĬĬظɭԽһ΢š

ۣҺͽþۻᣬǮ㸶
ɭԽͷѵõأǾۻΪʲôҸǮ
ۣûȥưɣسԷǲǵΪҵĹ

ɭԽ
ۿˣⱾ£Ǻѧ
ɭԽϻĶϲոҡ
ۣá

ת˵أۿ˺һᣬҲûյתϢƵظԼ˱ˮ

ǿϼǧ鲻۾ûգƾʲôžôСȻƽʱκ·ͦģ㻨Ǯٸһֲβģ౻ƭǮѡ

ȫϡμһ˻ǱŴСȣѲ˵ԱߵС̹㿴ʲôϲġ

һ񺮣ŶòǰμһֱŮ·һȥˡˣҪǻȥӦҳԷ

˭֮ǰǰģμһصСݮҲԣ

ϰܲҲ˵˵Ҫʵʵɣһˡ׶죬֪ʲôǳ̸֮

Ҳ㡣μһ˸ۣߴŷԱϽϲˡ

μһԵС̹ȥС̹ΪԹһͷμһҲŮϷ룬˺üۿüƤ񶼵һء

˻ߣƵسྡֻͻȻһţɨһۣ۾һɭԽȻϵģֱӸתһ

Ͻ΢ţ˸׵ıȥϹŶ

ɭԽӦæûлظҲ⡣ֻһǰ㡣պã˺þòܳ㡣

ҲֻɭԽϲ⼸Ϊ룬ӲһζĶûС

۵С飬μһصһ䣬˭֮ǰ˵ɭԽûиģҿҲݰӲԶˡ

ܣҲϲɭԽʶطһ䣬ɭԽȱ㣬᲻񣬳òļĵã

֪ΪʲôμһͻȻǰںҫʲôòģƾȦ˭ȵùɭԽмȿȿȣӼӷ˺

ҿӲǰɭԽ̬ȿɲģҿ㰡Ƕվˡ

û
ɭԽȷǱǰˣô˷ߣܲĶȵȣĶϲ

֪ҷֲ塣
Щաֲ飬ֲһѣϰɭԽĴڣֵĸо֮Ϊϲ

벻˵ʱǾǰˡμһ۹֪ʶһӣȰһ䣬Ҿദͦõģʲôġ

Ҳǡ
Ҳûȥϸ룬еǲȴһķޡɭԽѾܺˣˣСĶģԺ˵

ҪİˣҲǿһʮµഺһС̳

ſģȹȥ۲ŷֲԾûǮǷԱȴò΢ЦѾˡ

ǲǼǴˣۻΪԼˣֻȷûиϢ
С㣬ʾдģһλǽˡԱ΢Ц˵

еģüʲôʱ򣿶ߣʲô
Ա΢΢һ£ʮǰһңһŹӦСѰɡ

ҡͷǵԼʶˣΪǽ˿׵һװߣҲǲġ

СۣûаҪȥ֡μһſڣþûȵۣŶӺһ䡣

ˡҲôˣߵμһļ򣬡˵˲Ҫҡ㻹أ㻨ǮδСһ·ģϽؼңһûȥϹ

ޣɫѵŮˣμһߵһȥKIMҵ¿ģǴʺҹ괩

ͷ򣬶ʮˣǸظңſߣ£ܾ治ȫøϽؼҲźá

μһԼؼңԼ˾ؼңԼһ

ǴС£۱Թһ³治֪ʲôʱȻϸϸѩƮȥӣѩϣȴֺܿڻ

ǰԶԶľͿ·µɭԽӴæ׶ûֻһë¡

ɭԽ۳֣ǸСһ
ɭԽ΢Сܹ

ѩۻû˵꣬˾ͱɭԽ˻




43.  ѩ   Ͳ

ɭԽĻ, ⻹ԴʶĻһαĺҹ䡣

ЩӦشһ, ͷԥ룬Ǳס׳ϵ⣬øһЩôˣ

ô˾ɭԽȴȣľ䣬һСƤ

μһ£˾ؼˡͷ, û߸Ь, ߶ȲĶͷײɭԽ°͡, ˳Ҳ֪״ϡ

´˾, Լ򳵡ɭԽɫɲá

Ů֮ĸ飬۶μһ, ԶԶԤϡμһͯҲԼô, ȴûѧð˽

ʲô𣿡۲ɭԽ°, ʵ̫, ƾ£ů

ûСɭԽ֪Լɿ۲Ŀ, ؾؽһ䣬绰ӣ㡣

, ˾Ӧûɡۺɵؿһۣû£
šɭԽɫĪۼ룬Ѱ˹

ĴҲģȴȣ.̶ֻȣ֮Űһǣκε.·ֻǵӡ֤Ĵһ

ղ˵ʲôɭԽſûȥǣ֣ļȥ
ѩ˰ָͷƮϸѩȸղŸһЩĵһѩ

ѩӡ棬ƺҲ¹ѩĶ䣬ȥһҲûеȵѩΪǲˣû뵽ҹȴٴο

ɭԽͷȥڵҹɢɢƮѩһֻٶ´䣬һƬڵҹձǹ׺һ
µúܴ󡣡

ǿԶѩ𣿡۾һΪһϷˣѩһִšȻڹҲѩǲһġ

ӦÿԡɭԽƫͷȥ۵۵ǹ⣬ҹɫ

һ·ߣۻصůС㿪ʼԹɭԽ´γҪװһһÿ

ȵʹ׺ë£Ҫǿ׳Ͷɱˡ׼÷ոð

ʮӶѡɭԽҲģѾýӲЩ췢ϡ
ʮҲ䰡浱ԼǶʮͷ𣿡ۻͷһۣԼ˯£ԡϴ˸衣

ɭԽ۵ıӰջĿ⡣

֪ܲŵʱŮ⳵˾.ɥţԼѾ˾ͣӦò⡣Ÿոյңӵ˾ĵ绰˵Լ˳

һ˲䣬ɭԽоֽű֪۲ôùɻ̲סǡֻ֮һĿԣҲẦһܺ߻᲻

˰סԺûһôҹ֪²ᷢϣ֪ԼҲֻλ

ɭԽ˰üģ۵⣬ѾԶԶ֪

ϴˡۻһ˯£Ьһ˦ûвɵСѾʹɭԽϡȥֻ

ûֻɭԽȻ߰˸绰һ۰ŵɭԽչȥף´ҾԲˡ
ٲҲϣȻɭԽҲָżˡ

šɭԽӦһƿĽѾӣ´Լɱϴ


˵ˣΪʲôÿʮֵʱܵ˵һЩɷ羰Ļأ

غһֻӣԼ˽ȥֻѾ΢ţÿǧȦ

ǧ᣺ĵһѩһᵽϲǣЩԡ

ĸ黰ϿģǧöࡣһڣͱȿޣСڻ˲ôֻǧ˵ķһˡ

۸ո»˾ͱɭԽ̽˻ھ䣬˼ԡ
˺죬ֹһ䣬ʦʶôãôͲѧѧ˼Ұ

ѧʲôɭԽ⣬һûһĺ촽
ѩװ۰ֻһ䲢ܳʵĸףǹͬȦĶжʮ˵ˣͲ𣿡

Ҫ֪ôĻҲȦﵽڻΪǱȼ޸ɭԽģҵĴԡ

ɭԽʵ˵ôαҪЩ޹ص˷ů֪ҲϣԼͷ㡣
۵ùֻһšͷסǷ۵Ĵ

κɭԽǼԽԽãҲԵ£˵Ǽ֮С

޲࣬յɭԽزҪΡֱʰʰֱӳ˯˹ȥ

ѩѾµúܴˣɭԽȥҩĨ۵ϡ

߿ŵʶصһ䣬üͷšúܽڵùǺ˲ӻһ㣬ϵۼͷ

ɭԽ˶͵͵ģżպ֮⣬˯ɡ
ã˵ƣǺñӰ§ۣ



ڶյȷǻѩۻźɭԽضѶѩˣȦʲôġ˼Դϰ壬һȥ˹˾ʼĹֻʣԼڼҡ

װţȻûɭԽĵ·Ҳֹͣμһ˵PͼͦãʱںϳɾС

СѾһѩȻܺ񣬵ҲضѩˡѩԭСҲࡣٽ꣬һЩѾͣ˹ǡѩⶼˡ

һˣԵЩġؿű˳˫ɶԣصһûʲô˵ĵط̵ضѩˡ

ϲɣװ޺ãѧĵطҲԱߴһЩϤûͷźѩ

̶ˣˡ

ǽһۼƤ񶼶һءûסͷһۣò̱һŮǸȸ

ûעۣڳκ棬·ñֹʵʵġŮˣҲֻǿһۣȵش߹

۶ѵˣԱ£ǰͷԽԽԶ

˵Ҳ֣ݣʲôŮҲǵһЩС׻С̲衣ȻӰһ㣬ʵϾһûСӣļգΪЩŮ˵һ䰮İ

ѧǸҲǣ˼Ļð˲źףҲһɵĻΪ˼ŮԼȥҪһţʱСү͵Ϊ

Ϊ꣬ôǷȫˡһŮ˵Щ˵Ļ۰Ͱ͵شȥ

ôһˣôôʲô۶ûеĶӣⶼŮˣ´ǲǹ˾øˣ

ҡҡͷоôѩˡ

ϡ

ػ㱨ĹҪβˣֻĿҪʼϻгظģǰȾá

ǺܺҾÿ԰СүһϣԼҵĿӦûһ㡣˸飬λ׼Сү˵ͦ壬̫ɵҲһˣֻôһӣˡ

þûеõɭԽĻشԵس칫˿ȥ󿪣ȻѩȴҲ̫

ůļӰɭԽϣһͷ΢΢üᴹĿֻϣ޳ָ¡ֻľݣӦȦ

ܣ
ɭԽôãǵһοڹʱ顣

ɭԽ㿪۵Ȧм̵ֿޣǱߣҹȥݷܣİ֮˵

õܡļܣǺĻƱʲô£ʱҴ绰

ˡɭԽ룬Ǳƣս
ܣսѾ³ͷˡ
ġɭԽԴǣֻô꣬ԹģȻܿ
ЦЦҲѣллܡ

һߣɭԽ㿪Ǹɵͷ񡣵һԷŽӣۺһͷǰããһƬɭԽҲǹɰɢȥ

ôˣֻЬӶѩŪʪˣѾӶ춳ɱˡţɭԽĵ绰ʹˡ

˾Ѿˣһȥ㻹һ᣿۵ľ񲻴Ϊôã˯һ졣ھ棬ò

ȥɣԻúܣμһԵ̫嵭ﶼûζѩԻůһ㡣

ԣֻɭԽͷǱߵۻζһ£ȻֻһƬããѩءŲһ٣ۣ

ڡֻȴûйܾͷСƨѩЬӶʪ͸ˡ
ֻϣͷ¶ϣһۣһտ졣

ֹ˺һᣬɭԽſǼ䶳ͨ죬״СǷˣǡ
ɭԽü·Ҳʪˣ
ҡͷûУǺ˼

㿴ӭԱɭԽʶסֻĻȻѩڻ䣬Ȼؼҵҡ

ܡСԱк

ɭԽ΢΢ף۲ֻﴫﰡҿˡ
ɭԽ£ؼҺ˵

˵绰ɭԽǳʲôϵСԱɵûһ¡
ʵҲǱҪƵ绰ҲԡֻǸղ˲䣬ĪҪۡ

ܣЩħˡ

-

ڼҰ˼죬ǹꡣ

ϻøİѾĺˣվЩСǰһ±ѡۣڸһ㣬µʱİʱ

ʮ죬ڼ˯ѡȻ΢ŵ̫ˣֱܻһ˯ϡ

ץץͷۻٵúܡɭԽһ𿴵Ӿ磬˯;һ˯ڶô

μһ[˼̫ˣ·ҶϲŶ]
[ͼƬ][ͼƬ][ͼƬ]
ʲô·
۲ԣ[·]

μһ[ѽ֮ǰKIMҵĴ°û뵽ôãֱ˺üҶϲ]

۲ԣͷͰ¸ˡпٺȥ䣬ʱúôܸ·ȥ

ͷμһ˷ܣϢͣһԼȥжÿĲʺƨոһŽһţС

ɫȴôÿһ죬ǸˣѾ˸롣˽˭ô.̬ǿμһôϲӣֲôڡ

Ȼ֪һָ

ԡϴһۻѡʵμһҲʡɵģʱʲô鶼֪

¥ɭԽѾ׼ˣСȫǸǵġɭԽʮǸظңϾƽʱҲܼţѵõļҽգǻԼȥȽϺá

ռ궼ǣһصռլͬռλһ꣬ԸҹʲôġҲͷ۵ʱ򣬴󲮼ҵøСֵúܡһȥֵһ첻ˡ

ССҲ׼ˣۿ˿вٵߡˣû׼

ţҲ׼ˡɭԽͷȥûЩ»ǵö˻ѾǳøСӺ

һǺӡ۲;ԼСպ͡ɭԽŶʮ꣬õഺѾΪޡ
ɭԽһۣзŽ䣬ԣԼС˵

Ӱռҵĵͷ۵ľºܣǰʱˤ֧ں컹ֻʱֶˣҪ׵ͰǳСһˡ

뵽۾ͺ޵ĥĥŪҵĶҾܺӶǱǸø߳ģҪҶӣһŸ߳ȥһò

ľЩȰ˵ʲôӻСһںûǿںôźӣԺԽԽѹ̣ܽǾ͵ſްɡ

ɭԽЦˣĹͷģԺҪǶӣһúý
ŷӦ˵˲ӡ

ɭԽ˶٣ҲʧѺϣͷŻվۣͲҲûкӡ

ǰһȻͷ˵㣬á




44.     

ȥռҵլ, ߵʱ·ʮ·϶µúܡ

ʵ۶үү̵ĸ鲢, ڼΣλֱȽ࣬ǰСʱȥҶ˵һ䡣

泤˲ŷȥʱҲǺø˵˵ֻߺֵͯġҲһ£ܿȥˡ

⻹öã³һСʱֻˡǰĳ˿, ԱһǼ㳦һ, һһµġ

֮ǰܵɭԽҲЩ, ֱϨ˻Աߵݹһɿ, 򴽣Ҳġ
ޡ۷һԼʳ, Ҫ𣿡

ɭԽԱ߿һۣѹһ, Ķʳ, ͺü
ԡ

ƲƲ, ǲźԵġǿɿ꣬˺װ

ۣҳʳҲ, ζأԼ̲ס˶ڸϡ

ͲһóϺ, ˣҵò

ˣΪ۵ɷɭԽԴ˺зȨһ㣬ĵط֮ǰûʲô仯
۵ҾԲ𣿡
ǰͷĳʼǰɭԽӣƽȶ侲ԣҪ

ΪһкĴС㣬£ôܳϣ

۰ǰϺ꣬ͣ֡ڿյƵúܣѴӰ£ʿһ˫Ц۾ϡ

ϣɰ


ɸƨĵռլҲֻôһ·Ҫǳʱ࣬ײҲġ

ĬĬذѳȥһɭԽ۲ۣ
СҲûãֻ³Щķѡ

ͣͣһٴȵͣۿǰͷĳͻȻԼʧˣɭԽС·߹ǲǸһ㣿

С·еߣһ·۵ʱ̫ԶɭԽ·ߡû뵽·ϣʱ䡣

ڸĲ·ߡɭԽһʱ䣬Ѿˣ͹ȥ֮ûԼҡԭֻǰСʱ·̣û뵽Сʱû

ùǶ··һ·ͨĵʱɭԽŰѳռҡ

ѾˣɭԽͳǴкɭԽš

һվ̨ϣɭԽƽӡִ˵ļϣģһ

ƵɭԽһΪϲһ
֮ǰнյʱͰɭԽ£μһ졣ΪɭԽҲֵУϲֵĽգȫš

μһæأֻܳˡ˵ŻΪѵ̾Ϣһǰһ°;ʹļϣԼȥ

һѵһΣԡɭԽСԴʱ䲻ˣҲûԼҡ

ùߣǻħӰӿܳһЦ

Ӱ𣿡˵űߣ䣬ɭԽ֣·Сĵ㣬ͷҸ㷢Ϣ

һһСֻȥɭԽü΢ᡣֱۣջĿ⣬˳Լʻȥ

-

۾ãøļҽʵ̫ɢˡӰĵǱ֮ǰˣӺͷֱı˫ָ˸

Ӱȥ
ҲӰϣĺˣҲͦصġ

ͯԭڳæͳ˳һ޶Ӱ۸ҽ㣬ȭڴԱԣ

ӰСһ壬ͷȥϣ壬ù۸ҡ
ӣտһСͷĵػһ䣬㲻ͦ͵ô۸ȥ
ߣǶ۸ңүүȥӰһЬӵŵŵŵ¥

ͯҲӰһذ·СͷǱ軵ˣ㿴Сľ

̫꣬˵ʲôްŪɵúܡͯչȥڣͰ͵ر˱ּسæ

۲³ҲùȥﵹæԵͯѾˡ˴Լļ򣬿ϳ˹֣һ߷Űһ߹ȥкιɣ

ոеĳӣһ㣬Ƶá㡣ָָĳӣһǸСġ

ôģۺɿһۣİɣ
üᣬһ¶ˡ
Ƕ

ųӣԳһڡ𣬶һжûС
ôҵɣѾӣŪƤ

иʲôۺѴС˹СιԶ

סĳӣĵûζСȡ
ǹùá۾ķСѾͷģǹ꣬ϲ죬ҪȻġ
ֺһСţҪԡ

ͶιԵһЦ⣬ûشһϽӣҶˡ

˹ʲô£ϲŲǰһ㣬Դô壿

֣Цġ
ϱһ˲СѾͷķǲ׼
֡۹ĻȤϣ֣ӡ

϶񺮵ض˶壬ûصңŻؼҶɭԽȥ

磬Ͻġû취һ§һιԶĲȴҲڲ֡

ҲҸ硣ô˵ţϵԾظһƬ˵ôź㣬ͷɭԽҪǮźʣ

׸źòӦõģ̸ǮֱؿϵƬӡѾˣҲ

ŶҲ硣

ΪһƬӣ

۾Լַʳһڳӡ

ٳԵˮóˡԵѲ˶˳ƼЦɵõиŮȫˡ

ǰɩˡЦЦɩ֮ǰжʹ࣬ȫĿõġһм컹ͬһȥģΪ˸Ѫ˰첻˵һѪ

ԵһۣҲû˵ʲôɭԽǺӶֱ˵ٹ˫ˣĸҲ˼ȥ˵ʲô

ϼȥһۣҲϴСˣʲôʱг̣
żҵĸԼҲŮѶû𣿡

ϴѧ͸ж̸һҵ֮͸һһͶҵ档˵ʲô̫æЩһֱšҲŽ˼Ůֻ˵ûиоһֱˡ

ϲšϵЦСС˵ҪǴ᲻׷ɱң

֣ײȥཱུС°͡

۰֮Ѿˣϼʣϲ𣿻˵ǰܹˣȻһӶ

ûʵľͲ̸ô⣿ϺôģںɭԽ˫ɶԵģͿǵ

ˣӹȵġ

ȻӺʹǿҲԼɩʮµﶼֵˡСȵòУСҲɿɰģů

ɵһЦͷûס˴˵ˣ͵ؼҡ

ϴְɣԷˡԵһ˶˳кǡ

ռûϰߣүү̵۱¥ˡ̫ûлص˯ϴëֿʼˡͯһ䷿ǲĥã˵ͿʼϷ

㣬ҿڿʡͯ۾ֱضĻ棬ȴǱ߲˲䣬¥ó֭òã

׿ˮ
Ҫͳ֭һͯ
û취˯ҹϷ

Ҳʮ࣬ųȥھϿԵķ䣬լӲ·ʱ˵

СͯϲСôˣҾ;ͦõġֻûǮԺûǮﲻҲǰҵ𣿡Եŷŭ

һҳɹмǵıŮôҲܹȥܿࡣϿͬ

ôܿˣռֲѾ޸ԼңҲϣСͯҲϡͿؼ޸Ȧү

˵ʲôɭԽôã׮ǿˡСͯһ𣬷кûҵ֮ǰǲСͯһġҵҲöСͯܺãԺɹţ

۳˳ǣûټȥ

ɭԽʱϿԵɴûΪǹЩҲŴѧɭԽ̸Ϻ졣ֻǼǵãһ޵ĽסǼŮΪȹ̸ܵһҪȥ

ʱΪΪСͯСʺϡڻعͷ룬޹أΪۡ
ԼȻһˮ׶ƽΪʲôҪ

¥ڿ˵ƣոմ򿪱䣬ͷʹ΢ĽŲϻʳ
ûСͯúȵġһг֭תϣأ

ҵȻǸСҳԵģСѾͷ󣬲ԻޣҶ䶼ˡϵűʣˣ

ٵ㣬СӲܻʳ
֪ϴ˯£͡۵׺ƽۼƲһ

Ĭ룬۸ոתϵ㴫˹鲻ǺܿģҪ𣿡




45.  һ   κҪ

ֻһյ, ԲεĵİͶһЩߡųֽ֭˽ɵص, õúܡ

ôü۵żֱů⣬ܹ͸һСͲϲ꣬ΪСͯ𣿡

۱ϣЩ͸˾Ϳ͸ˣǵ˵Եģȴڱһ

СͯûйϵԼá
һ

ϲÿɷ, ѽʣµţ˳, ҿɭԽǰͦ, ôôԣ
۲˵, Ĭſڣȥ

һֿԡΪ㲻ںɭԽϰѱ, ֻڱϣô΢΢, ǰʲôν, ÿ, õʧ

ΪںϿԵĿ۲ŻԼӣȥԼϲĶǾԼ, ǻԼԡ

ȻɭԽһ۲ںɭԽеԼʲôģҪ, Լġ

ˣϸͲڹڹĺֵܡɫԽĲãͲûеϸ˦ȥڲںɭԽй𣿡

ôԽԽˣεЦЦҪȥȴ۲õضҾں죬ô绹ܹˣ

㲻˵Ҹ𣿡۷һۣ㲻˯ҺϹĹϵ

ǵĹϵкôֲ׬Ǯҡͷ׼𣬻ͷƼۻվ΢΢ϣ֪һֿ𣿡

롣ϾͲʺϸ˵ֻȥĳ嶯

ǵӰܿʧ¥ݵתǴҡҡͷΪźڵˣ¾׳嶯û˵ѾǱŭ

˸Ρ

ֻһ߸ɭԽ˸绰һ߰ѻŤģͷиСҪι˹궼Ƿɣãźڡ

ι
绰ͨϱ㿪żɽ鲻ãϽ壬û׼ܹһ¡
˭ˣ

ɭԽոϴ裬ͷһƬšԼլλƫƧΧסŵҲϵġǹ꣬Ҳô֡

˭ɭԽţǻùţЦ޷Ǿƫ˰ɣϾҲԼŮţһˮƽ

ɭԽĬ룬֪ˣ
ûаɣ֪˲ôƽϰŽһ£أһӣ

ţҪ֪ЩɭԽɫһƬšڵĻŻһ𿴵Ӱֻʲôһĥ

ҿҲͦܵģС˵ѧʱһζûȥСͯоˣȥѧУСͯ

ɭԽֻǳĬؿҹɫͦƫĵģǣϿԵǰŻ۵ġһ㣬Ѿѵˡ

ˣ㲻˵Ͳ˵ˣĸƫľƫģͺá

ɭԽ곤꣬۽ӹʱѾˡʱˮ˸գҲǵǰ顣ϾҲСҲֻԼҲղ

֪ɭԽܲʮôһĵġ

̸ˣǮʲôʱһ£ϰ̳غɭԽˣܹƬһӣвΣӸղŵ

һ㡣ɭԽ˼Ѿ档

ҹܳôҲðܹȥС·һСʱĳ̣֮ǰӦܵ

һ飬˿ȴǱӳһ

ŵɭԽλк۽ĵһ꣬ԼΪТȥռҰݷΪò

һϣ·ϲ³ɭԽռҵʱӰ۵׵ˣ

øӰ۾һ˹ȥøã

ɭԽǰСͷùϵ·һ˹ȥã۸ùˣ

ûСӰƤͷﻹеǰɭԽģҾǾùùõ·ÿ봩ѡ

һкϲŮӵ·ɭԽüգøһСȹӣ

ҪҲŲСȹӣӰըëɭԽŵӣСֹһ䣬ͻš

ȻأɭԽطһ䣬Ȼ࣬ӰҲ˾͵˵ЩϲĻ

ϱӳ߳ɭԽ۽ǵЦˣӴô磿ûڣҹǡ

ץס֣ɭԽ˻ΣСǹøø˵á

һ£вͯһͷӣϲúܡǰͻȻһ˧磬ЦۣɭԽ֣øø

СûĵģøͲҪˣεҡͷСذɭԽϸؽţһȣٷżͺá

䲻رһСɭԽЩӦѧ˵ģӲر

øƺϲɭԽֱɭԽϡ

ۻ˯ǣҲ֪˶ٵ㡣ҡҡͷɭԽһˮǸոճȥˣ˵ȥݷѣͻ

ߣùöӰ˹קϵ֣壬ҪС⡣

ģȥŪС⡣ǶˣҲ͵ðУԾͰСͷһ굽ͷòϢ죬ñһ»ź

ҾҪҵӰġ

ʲôӰ첻ʳͯ¥ϴɭԽЩнá

ɭԽ΢΢ףֱɳ£˸ݸͯá

ôûУؿţ˵ӿŷ硣

ǸңɭԽŰ£ƽسǳ

ûǮĿһְۣ˽˹СѾͷҪޣҲοҿ޵Ļţ̡

Сһ񣬲鲻ԸشϵĻĿ⻹ֱؿԼ˧ø

ͯӰţע⵽ɭԽԼĿ⣬ҽ㻹˯¥תķ䡣
ȥɭԽ΢΢ף¥ȥ

ͯһ磬Ҫһ۾ͿиɭԽһܶˡ

ٽ磬۲Ժ

ռҲûôأĲݣ˯ȻҲġѵһ굽ͷϢôһʱ䣬Ҳô̡

ûȰסͯСλ賿㻹˷ܲѡϴټԻһද֢ͯ˯

ȫٵúܣش˸Ƿôۿǰ컨壬˿û𴲵ļ

ˣ

һӦ֣ŤͷȥɭԽŰɫĸë£۾ʹԼĴߡ˳ֱϿȥ˵΢΢ţ۵侲ȡ

ۻΪԼΣգգۣƿشȥڵů㣬ǴӱЩ²۴˸һͱɭԽøһЩ

ɭԽ۲˲˵ļֹһ䣬ΰ
ɭԽü۵׵죬ǹǷ죬Ҳֵ֪˶˯
ԴӲʱ˵ؽлƿһƤҶˡ

ɭԽļۡءһϣû˿ҪĴ㡣޷ס۵ԡȥ

緹ˣó㡣ɭԽ࣬˿εסͼһ㣬˯ȰѺˡ



ǿѣ̵شɭԽ΢΢ͷˮϵ˲䣬˴롣ˢϴ鷳һβ

緹ԵټۺɭԽ»򸾣Գĸ̵㡣޷ǾһЩ۵ĹֻʲôʱҪС

ޱȵɭԽˣߣЩⶼشֻҪһӦ;ͺˡ

ò׳緹ɭԽܵԺ͵С

ѾǶˣԺҲûʲôԹ͵ķ羰Ҳֻмƻټֻʣ˿ή֦Ҷ

ѽɭԽվߣͦɡٵش˸ǷסɭԽβָ˵ˣҽؼҡ
ϾҲԼҵˣռңǣӦûȥˡ

żҶĵӰٻȥǡ굵ٵӰһˡɭԽѡѯǧѡһϲƬ

գգۣԼ𣿡
ţԼᡣɭԽ΢΢۵ӡһǡ

ЩκģмһֿûУ˵˻ɭԽԼĴȣЩôߣԿ⣬̲Ҳȡ

ɭԽüۻΪͬ⣬Ŀڡ
ԣһ죬κҪ󡣡


㺰Ұְ֣




46.  ϴ   ԺҪһʱ䵽

Ȼ, 仰ۿ϶˵
ϾģѪ, Ҳûô뿪ɰ˼䡣

һ£ɭԽϣţϹΪʲô˼ôã

ɭԽĬüƽؿ̲סһ䣬, 㡣
ޡɿ, Ÿ, ǸźĴү, ˵ɣʲôԲҵ£

ڷǼ鼴, ܾɭԽͻȻôã϶ĳֲ뷨ϸһ, ˾հ, ҲûʲôֵɭԽˡ

, ǾɭԽʲô飬Ҫ

ɭԽӲ۽һʱ䣬ĵ, ҺϻЩҪȻ㡣
ޣȥɡۻ˻֡

Ժһ, ʵǶסǺ磬ִܻ˿

ۣԵˮԵкۣıǼ⣬ûһ䣬ô䣬ǵóȥţϽůů

ϱҽС߶ͯһ˼ʮҪӵĶУҽŶʮôżʲô


˵ʵʮ壬ûеʮ

ԵôŮ˽ӶǱؾĹ̡ҪӣҲʡԺšԺҲǣš

ҲŲҪءͯԵϣƾʲôŮӾһҪӣɩʱʹˣҲ
㰡Եε֡

УСùԼǸȻżˡԣӰСƨ죬ʲôͯһ˹ȥСƨ˵ʲô轲㻨Ǯˣ

ŹܲأӰغһһ˹ϱ󣬡壬Сù۸ҡ

ޡϱŻѾ˯ŵضһȥá

ԮӰûֻܶ㵽Լ󣬡裬۸ң
ڿ磬Ҳֻһ񣬷ܵصһ䣬˵㻰ӡ

ûˣ۸Сӡ

ӰòУΨʳܹ˵С顣ܽıҵԼĴǣʱ͵͵С㣬Ҳû˷֡

ڳ͵㣬ٳȥʱͿ뿪ӰС׷ȥĽùú͹øҪ𣿡

Ȼ۸ۣǺôҲƯùáżûãֵ뿪е᲻õġ

԰ȥԼᰡ۹̼ӰɭԽֳЦţȥӰȥԿ⣬Ļˡ


ǹŲլ棬Сù۸ءֲֻ棬żˡҲ뿴ӰҲԿ⣡

ҲȥӰ֣⵽ĿƤصȥû˼һ𰡡

ҺϹԼᣬʲô۱ĵԹԴţؼ


Ƕİ裬ҪȥԼĹùú͹øӰŰ꣬͸оڵĶˡ
ҸС𣬳Ĺ¶ˡ

˳֮۲ŵЦСƨҶ

ɭԽüӣ۸Сôгɾ͸У
ӰɲһСԴǵǿһӵС

ССͲѧõģͻƤŪҲǸҪӰİһ£һˡѵôԱҲüһ

ӰͦϲġɭԽ˳ӣƽǰţ͵СʱϲһЩ飬ע

۱ʾͬ⣬ϾǰжʱڣҲôӿβѧϰѧУϷŮӣΪϿע

ֻǣɭԽôоﲻԡ
ѲҲйΪԵشȥȫֹ

˶жڡɭԽ˶٣رǶʮжڻûģ֮٣

ͣں̵ǰͷ䲻رһ£ۣڿ
ʱ̫ۣǰЩģڵԽԽ޼ɵ

ⲻǺ𣿡֪ҲС˺ܶ࣬Ҳˣúÿ

ϾҲڳϣҪĳ£ԼҲꡣҪǸղţʵʵɭԽ֮⡣˵жڻû

ֲһУôʲôμһǣжʵ˿󹬣Ҳû˵ʲôװƣʮͷǵϳøʲôһһ㶼档Ҳѹһôÿû̸

ҪлԼƾɭԽ̬ƢҲøϵһ³ٿƺ쳾˴˴պһˡ

˵ӰԺʱ򣬾뿪һʮӣСƱۻ˳һ׻ײ͡ӰԺ˺ܶ࣬һ˺üŵӰżĶС

ͷˢֻ˳Ⱥһͷμһ㷢˰
μһ[ҰˣطѡˣԴ꣬һ]

һʱ䣬ô˵ҲȺѼ䣬ȻٻʲôġһһСʱҲСʱ

ۣ[ͦõģһܿ˧磬޸ǳ]
μһ[ޣ޸˭Ҫ˭ҪİҰ]
ۿһɭԽȷĿûзԼϣżػ
ۣ[Ҳ㣬ⲻ]

ѵи˧ĺûᣬҲϽסġֻҲȷʱ䣬ģ鲻ҪȥԹ۶û취ҲֻԶ̺μһ䡣

μһ[治̸˵һ׸ôǮΪֵܿҸ˰˩ס]

Ѿһۣ

μһͷҲ֪˵ȥˣأ[ȻˣҲһŶۣܣǾﶼһĺˣһġ]

ʱ䣬ӰҲ쿪ˡûμһЩ˾ȥ[ܾ˵ľͽԣҪϹԼȥˡ]

μһ[ɫѵŮˣ]
μһ[˵øһӵģȴ͵͵ң]
μһ[ҲҪˣֶټƯƿɣ]

ʮϢֱѡûɭԽǱ߿һۣɭԽѾߵһ绰

һ߿μһϢһ߳ű׻ӣųſڿȥɭԽѾ绰ˣüǳôվƽ͸¶ֹ¼ŸС

ĿͻȻһ£ɭԽǱСŹȥ߰ɣӰҪʼˡ
ɭԽšһס֡۽Ϥ룬΢ָ̧ǿ

ôˣۻͷȥ
ɭԽѾջ֣ûʲô߰ɡ

ⲿϲӰһλȽ֪ĵݳģ黹㲻رǸЦúܵλ;Цֲ֧˽βȴ̲סᡣ

ɭԽһ߷ֽһ߰οӰ޵ġ
رǻ޳ǰ·߿Сèһһֻúܡ
ۡءͰ͵رסɭԽ̲סá

ۿ޵̫һں洭Ʋסģáö˶ɭԽĻ

ֻҪ¶û֪ڵӰԺ޵ۡ

ɭԽ֪ӣһһ§ˣȳȥȥ̲軹ǳԿ⣿
Կ⡣궼ߵˣ۶òСһ뵽ǽɫĿ⣬㲻ܿƵزˡ

ߵɺܶࡣɭԽסֽۣزţա

ôôǣ
һӰһ鶼ûС
ôûо

ɭԽӰѣġģҲǱ˵¡ۣǹԼġ

۵ͷӡýûױȻҪһޣʲôĶˡʱɭԽȥһŮľһˡ

¥ǿ꣬۵ŲˡһԻۣ¸ۡѡ˲ٲˣش䡣

Ѳ˵ݸԱ̧ͷͿɭԽĿԱϡ
ڸ

ѧôõˡɭԽЩƣԼ̫ѨһƬäĿÿϵţ۵ӰֻǶ˵ȫûбʶȡ

𣿡ǱŲһ㣬գ۾ҪҪϴϴۣ

ȷɭԽܵһУҲ֪ɭԽԲܡģﲻɭԽҲֻһӶϲԼҲ˶

ɭԽջĿ⣬ײЦ۵סǿһ
ۣԺҪһʱ䵽ߡ




47.  Ѫ   뿴ϴ

һֱ, ԼǺˡ

ڷ˸ͷ֮ڴѧ΢Ķ, Ҳֻǻʱʱ࿴ۣȵϲˣҲȥˡ

֮Ҳ඼˳ȻɭԽǷޣֱܶ˵˳Ӧദ

ֻǺȴ֣ɭԽĴԽԽࡣǰ˳ӦȻ, Ȼ

ȥ·, ûвϵ޺ƴ䵽, һζˢֻϵϢ, ޷ǾһЩ֣μһûͣıԹ

һһظ, ˳˺ü룬μһ˸ʾοʡֱ΢ĺȫʧ, ŲĿ⡣

ɭԽͻȻһ, õ˵ĻӦֳ֮Ĭ, Ҳûʲô룬ҪˣҲҡ

ͻȻݺݵزɲ, аȫҲʶǰһ㡣ûһ, ɭԽ

ȻֻһͻȻɲΣյİ

ûʲôŻˡɭԽ¹ҵƽȵǰȥ

͵͵һɭԽɫܲáûƣҲ޺ĽֵֻȴĪ۲˿Ĳá

ջظղŵĻҸ㿪Цģ㲻ֻװλҿ϶Ӳġ

˵ˣȫҵɭԽĿҲʮңȥĶ첻ȥżʱȥμһǱס졣Ҳˡ

š

ˣ
۲˵ˣʼʡԼ
˵ʱȷӣرɭԽǰԽ޼ɵΪɭԽ˵ʲôҲȥϸ롣ֻڣǲһġ

ˣɭԽǲ˵ûޣ⿪ȫ֮ǰϽȥˣˣʵң

ۡɭԽ˷Ӧֻǿȥɲôġ
´β˵ˣġ۾ַġĴˣԺҲ¿Цˡ

ɭԽΣ̾һ۷Ӧ֮ǰݺݵסĺ촽ԽԽڷйŸղŵĲ
ۣܽ𣿡

ɭԽŸҪģΨһ㣬ⱲӶõǣ֣Ⱥ֮ҵ

ֻҪ۲ȺӵĵطɭԽĴڶоԼ߹ʱΪһɵˡ

⡣˵ú棬Ҷһ㡣
԰ǰûȫɭԽϡ

ãǡɭԽ˹ٴѹʱ۸ϽɭԽСЩ죬ˣ迴ء

λѾԱˣԺŰԺɢǣЦЦˣ

֡ǣɭԽ߹ȥףµһ彡ƽƽ

𡣡ЦЦ۵ʾԼȥɭԽ˵ȥӰˣǵӰÿ𣿡

ţһϲƬβҿˡģһŰһ˵裬㶼֪ɭԽȫ̰һҪ⵼ݿˣƻỳԼˮƽ

ЦˣɭԽӣ´ΰȥֲƬܼܲ侲

ɭԽܱܲ侲֪һеġĳһڼţͦ˵ġ

ԺҲԱЦЦ˵ҲþûӰˡҲˣҴطҲѧѧСῴӰ

۶ûҶãһطǣסԺ֣ⱧԹһ䡣

βңɭԽǵù۳ȥֵôԺһ䣬Ŀ⳯ɭԽǱ߿һۡ

ɭԽԵ򱡴Ծǣס۵֣пڵ裬ҺȥһϢ

ֱɭԽǣ¥۲ûסЦɭԽĻ۽Ƕ쮳ᣬɭԽôôأ

ĸ˾Ǹ⡣

ϰˡɭԽš۵·ԶԼһ£ſʼë£Ȼȣ

ϴ
Ҳ֪ĸˣʶصһ䣬Ϊʲôǲһ𣿡


ž
ڶʱ

͵ػعʶԼ˵һô޴Ļⲻɶʾ̫ˡ

ȣȰɣֻεرۣĿȴ̲סɭԽǱ߿ȥܿϴ𣿡

ɭԽӵһ٣ԡ
ôˬ죿

۾һЩɭԽȻɭԽ˵˽ҪĻû뵽å󶼴Ӧˡ

治ɫҪɭԽ̫ˡ˵ˣҲϵˣϴʲôһˮ˵ļ»䣬˳Ÿ

Ҫ۸оԼıǼЩȡææסʪҺһ䣬ɭԽѪˡ



κɭԽһ裬ƵۣԿ𣿡
ԣ۲ʾΪʲôԣѪͷɶѪҪԡ

ѵͷԼĶͷ˺ü֮󣬸оѪֹסˣææˣߴɭԽϽȥϴ衣

ɭԽؿ룬ۣ㲻ôɫ
ＱɫˣֻҪϴѡ
ҪĻϴ裬ھͿ㡣ɭԽɫ侲˵仰ǰĿѾȫ⿪

۵Ŀ䲻ײ˵ĸѪӿԭѾֹסıѪٴð˳

Ͻȥ
ܲˣסˣɫҪ

-

ѵõĺûᣬ۲ûпɭԽϴû棬Ѫ÷ȡƵһˣʲôҲͷضǰɭԽ

˯˵ø˳һ㣬üۣüáҲ֪ڵʱ˶˼ô

ͻȻᣬۼʵش˴ƤҲã˺治֪ʮʱܱܲӡ

ͷڿͦïʢġʮ꣬᲻ǸкơƶҲǣɭԽһ㲻ôȾƣӦҲдӡ

뵽ͻȻЦ
ԭʵ󲻵ɭԽôһˣͺѷʲôӡ

ǰ˽ëۼææջ֣ۼ¡

ɭԽ۵ʱ򣬿ıҶƤֱס۵ļ磬⽻ࣿ

۲װ˯ӵ¡
ɭԽȻûѣӦòóˡ


۳ɭԽȥһ࣬һȾȵѹϣ԰ʧ𣿡
ɭԽһۣ

Ұ˳ģô䵭ۻӲϣ˶ɭԽϣҵĺֻͣһ𣿡

ɭԽĬ룬ۣҪ뿴ϴֱ˵ûҪĨǡ

ȣⲻǣòɧ

ʹ²ûкɭԽɺܺõĹʶҪҲ׼šôǸŮҲܲȥ׷ʽϴԼԼɡ

û˯𣿡ʹˣһ˯̫ãľˡ

ã̫˰ɡ۵Ӳ輸ĵһӣݵǰ裬տ֣ףԽԽƯͰְֶ

һ˻ô⡣Цţ˺ӣͷһ徫µۡ

ôãۿ϶ÿ۴յż򣬡ʱ׼ðѰָԵ

ϿĻ˼Щô˵ţָȴظţȥӦϲġ

һԺѾӻˣúܣ۳ȥ֪ĻΪǽá

ǻ˵ĻҡЦֺǺǵġʹʵʲôҲͼˣϣʱֵģŮТ˳

ղûŪúܴ󣬶һ˾һ𣬾Ѿ㹻ˡùۻһֵĶӡ

̫䣬Աɳ档ҪʵĶԺȥתơ

࣬μһǱƺѾʼˣٰĥ̲סֱӴһƵæҵģûҵͷѾ˳Ϊʲôô˧ѡˣ

õİοһʱ䲻֪
ۿһԱߵɭԽĬĬذСһ㣬ϲҪ£㲻Ҫ𣿡

Ұ˵ˣֻҪһμһίָǽҶϲ

𣿡ŰСʱˣ

ôܣȰƬˣμһЩ۾ģҲʼȻҪǸ˿飬̸ѧһװ˶˵ԣҲǺܲ

ǿƬɵȱˣ

ҡҡͷˮȥҶ꿴˧ľ飬Ƭֻ֣ʣ߷֣ȫһ˵һ䣬Сһֱôá

ܣμһţװ֣ôҲӺǼҡ

׳ѾûйͨıҪˣ۷䣬ǰ㡣Ͻȥװɣף㿭

μһȥˣң˽ҹҾͲˡ


ۺҪô˧Ļôһ㶼֪۵ģػҲǼ

ϽܸμһֻǼĵ죬ȫһҵ̸ӣû˵䡣Ը񲻺ϣҲûϵ

ֻѽɭԽĻ˼ù˺Ǳôˣ
ѵܣȻԱͬǺһ

ġɭԽĮض仰۸ղŵĻ⣬꿴˧ľ飿

ǿҡͷǶƭμһģܳƵ˧ģֻϹ

ɭԽƺˣϵһǣֽݵǰ

ʲôʱģۺ棬캬סӿɲڳ򵽵ġ

ˡɭԽϾкӰԡ




48.     ϰɣ㳬ңûҲС

ܿƵ, ۵ĿͻȻ¡

һֱμһǰϣɭԽ֮, һϰ߶ѡǣĳϰȻĶĸо

ǿǣѹǣèƵɭԽɭԽϰɣǲǳңûҾͲе֡

ɭԽûǵ, أ

ܺ, ˻ĺ, Цӯӯ, Ҿÿ϶ǰ϶ҰС

ǾǰɡĻش, ۱ͣôҪ˳ϰôѡ

ˡƲƲ, Ϲ, ˵춼ƭ˵Ĺ, Ҳָ˵ЩʲôĻңƽʱҰ˳ľС

ˣ˯ɡɭԽͻȻôһ䡣
һʱ, ô˯ʲô𣿡
û˯ʱ䣬ʲôΣ


Ϊʲôʮʱ, ͻȻֺɷ羰ĻͲܱپһݶ

ƵشɭԽһ£ҲˡĶһȥʻ͹ˡ

㷹۱㶯С˼ĿڵӺɭԽ֮ػأһɭԽע

ԸԳؿ˵ĿԼϣһΪԼıŸʱҲˣҪȥϴ裿

˴Σ˾ǰȴûõһ̫У޸ֻǵġ

ۣҡɭԽס֡

ʲô»ݣʱ꣬Ƕסڳٻ㡣ֻȫ̵֪öһ仰ͿԴ

ҾͿֲ㡣۰¼ӵ쾡£Ͻȥϴ衣

ɭԽͣ˺ü룬ֱӺᱧĵ͵͵ľ£ͳԸУҸᡣ
ûаסһٶĹ.Ҳͱ.ˡ

˰ޣ۵쿸סˡֻ뿴ϴʲôӣû뵽Լȥˡ

ԱɶˣҲ֪𴲣ϴ谴ĦʲôáֻһУʹ

μһͷܵش˵ȻûдﵽԲĳ̶ȣҲԲƬϵ

μһ[ԲãӦĻģöǱκεĻ롣]
μһ[ҵˣҲñôĥʹ졣]
μһ[ҿܲҰֵŮôˣô˵ҵģʲô·ߵҰһҲ߳Է]

һٶϢߵ࿪ʼһֱ˽硣

Ļ۶ܸоμһľʲôҾ徵ףһŮ˵õ뷨

Цװػظμһ[ΪĽãͬ飬ĹͷʲôҲ]

μһ[ԵģһףҪ֤ʲô˼⣡]

ͦģҪڼ̫ˣ˳㻹һɭԽǸˡ
ۣ[ص㷢˵ãĳԷøˡ]

μһӦҲˬ죬Ǳڵ̫ңѾƺ쳾ˡǰ컹ٿѵģѾǮƵ֮

ۻ·ţײ¥ԸոɭԽ˿壬䣬ͶŮҪȥμһԼڼң¸Ҵ绰

Ҳãû㡣ɭԽһ۵ĴţĬĬؼ¡
ʲô˼
ŭҪȥԼĸСˣ

䲻رɭԽסһûܻһţ
ɭԽҲССسͷһ¶ѣǺһ㣬ջ֣ۣûСˣûС

ȥʦԼĿˣųƽҲûʲôѡ

ȥݷܡɭԽһ¶ߵ鷢㲻ϲ̣Բ׼ȥμһú棬˵ұ

ϵ
⣬־֣Һ̵Ҳ֪
˲ֻֻװ˶λɣװ˼أʮǵ֡

ʲôҲ֪ɭԽһ䣬һϸţ껹򴲣ܲˤӡ

ͣͣͣ۾ýԼһģѹڲϵû·ʲôˣǲٲ˭ûиȥڲͦõ𣿡

ɭԽҲûථ¡
ңҸһܶ˵ġ
ֻǰɭԽԼˣԻһ㡣Ҫǻģܱһȱ⡣

ɭԽһۣǴԼ𣿡

ɭԽ˵˵Ļ𣿲ȻܾԼ޸һۼǵɭԽǰģջعǻᣬ˶࿴񲣬졣ڵ͵͵˸氲һÿζܰð

ô㻹öͬ𣿡


һ·¥ţ飬˵ĳ֣ɵЦ˺ˣһľʹ֡۸ϽԵ㶫ɣɭԽҲǵģýơۻǸСɵڡ

һ죬ȻϷˣ°ڳǰٻǻеΡûعһɭԽԹ³Զ

εЦЦֻͷԼĶӣ´ע㣬ɱۡ

ҾսҲôáϾⷽ棬ǲƵġ

۳Եÿ죬Ͱкߣ֮ǰɭԽһһ߰

ǳ磬ɭԽס֣ǰɴô˶ġ

Ķӣ˽⡣ӼʼѾ˳ȣô˵ҲɭԽСʱ򣬺ԺæŹ˾飬ٹȵʱˣɭԽȴҲϲǣҲɵòˡ

˵ʵһֱãɭԽӣٺйϵʮʱɭԽһŮûУҲû̸

Ǹʱ򣬰Ѿڵ⡣κռҵԼȻɭԽûʲô飬ȴ֪ͬˡĳɻҲйһԼĶӳ˻֮Ҳһģû뵽ǿһһ档

ǰûۣҲǹšڲһŶ
ɭԽʲôˣֻǰʻһ档

㰡һ黰˵춺šҲûʲôۣȻ׼ø㳳ܡ֣Բϵü۴żο

Сһú塣һǾ㣬ɭԽͦģ᲻ߡ

ɭԽ֮ĳ֮⡣ĶӰݰ棬ԼԼ

ˣֻж︣ǵ飬źԼȥ

-

̳ȴѾд붼ҵˡ

μһѪҪԸɹ˼һľƵ꣬ΪλС󣬻صڸڵĵŪһ˫ܹ

С㣬ʼλһͳ̧ͷȥӡ

ʱ

һλֻҪΣǾǲεģʲôóԵ𣿡

Ʋ˶ѼʺֻǷȽϴ󡣡ʱܵѲ˵ݸСһ˳ԣ㡣

һݿѼ۲ŲܳԲԵ꣬ԼԵÿĲҪģزˣٸһƿƣ˼μһǱߡ

ʱޱص˵ͷõģԵȡ
ȵȡۺסȻֿʱ֮ͯ顣ֻͯϾԼãٻǵĵġ

ʱ̧ͷ
ԥһᣬϲСͯ𣿡
ʱûлش𣬶СãŵҪ𣿡

ͦҪġ㿴˺ǳŵԵĿ

òζǴС۽Լ˶ǲһϵġһ껹ãҪһĻᱻ޵طŴΪ֮ĺ蹵

ǼҲЩأһ뵽ͯĵӣЩۣҾ֪ѾǩԼ˹˾ʱգĳɾͲռҲ

ʱҡҡͷؿۣС㣬кܶ飬廯
۵ɫЩãܾСͯ

Ҳ֪ѧôС˵ģҺ֮䣬ֻͬѧϵʱ΢΢ףСҪûµĻȥ׼ˡ

ͷˡͯû׷߶ûմϡȫ˶֪ˣ軹Ϊ³һܡʱһ汻ܾˣС̹Ƶһ޶ϵ

μһ֡ۿ˼²ߵػ΢š

μһ[̤ѿˣһһͼʦ˭ʿ٣ҿ˫]

˳μһ˿һۣȷò̫СҲ˵ǳ󣬾ƽƽ棬ڴ϶˶࿴ۡ

رϹɭԽܻʶرȽһ¡ʵѹ۴ĸ棬ûʲôɱԡ

ۣ[һɣҲӰʳ]
μһ[ǣʼԼƽˣŸոսСѧ]

Ҳܹܳˡ
ҡͷڼҺ˲ٵˮЩڼֻֻڷԱĴ£ϴּȥ

мİԲιۿһˣüǰżʮƬ




49.     ԺҰһ

Ҳں, ָеһƬϣòش˸к, С㣬á

øƨ
֪Ǿ仰ʲô˼ˣųͿˣǲˡ

С㣬ϴּߡԱ
ۻ˻ڼϲҪ
ϴ֣˳, ղλǵһ𣿡

λ, ÿһζһˡԱһ䡣Ȼʶ, ǿһĴ, Ǹǲӡ

۵ɫԽز, ֲɾȥ
ǽҲû˿ܻ˼, , ǰģ˼, ȫһڶû

㵽۾ӸµؿˣһǿŮô࣬ǵòμһţҪҲ, ҲԻƺ͡ƾ㽭үҸŮ˻Ǽ򵥵ģ

СûҪÿμҶôЦţ۵ȴһ˿Ц, Ǳ̹ǣ˲ֻ׷μһѡ

һŻ˵ϲ㣬ͲܷŹ𣿡
һ㣬ҲܴӦС㡣ƺǸоʲô˹ذеƬ˺룬ضͰ

·͵İɣҲİɣڸμһûȥҲֻ֪н顣
ƫִ˱ԸһζذԼ뷨ȥ¡

Ĭ룬۵׵ķ࣬شƬƿĿ⣬عС̽ңְ취һô׷

̲ˣҩɾˡ
һܲİ

ۻصԼλϣμһѾһòǱȸղҪһ㣬ֻɺƬϵȫһ

μһ[ϸôãղǸеͻȻ˵ҪߡҪߣȻͻʬɣ]
ۣ[Ҳ]

Ϣһȥ۱㿴μһһһȦָָѡλҲͦģñסˡλȥҲֻܿ塣

ٿμһǱߣ̸ֻһϴġǰ˺üͬ˹һĬĬ߻λ

μһ[Ϳ£Աһ£֪ҵ׷ж٣֪Ѷˡ]
۳Ĭ˼룬ò˵ʵ[˵ģȻֵͲŻ⼸ʮˡ]
μһ[ô־Լ磡]

ԼҲʵܲ˵Ϲɡ

۷˸ȥǰסЩߡ̧ͷȥʱϲˣС㣬Ѽٵӣľơ

ҿɡۼμһ[Ͻؼҡ]
μһ[õģҵҲڡ]


ûƫִ׷ߣ׵׹ۣˣΪҸ
ƫƫμһȴôģƻЩС̹

㵽ߵ㣬Ӱ쿴ˣǱ߲Ÿոս

ĸˣһԼŮӣĸģΪԼ֡󶼶ʮˣٹǼ޲ȥϹǸʱҿôޡ

ʲôҪޣμһһλԼǲǱģΪʲôԼͷϲڿԼͷ㿴ˣǮգһýǸĹҾ㵥һӣҲñȱ˲

ܺɸ֣ΪܻһӣҪԺ󡭡
Ļûټ˵̶̼ʮ£µʱԼˣμһԼģ˱˶Ǽֵģһ˿ȡ

ѽװĵأͱЩˣҿ϶µġμһȵش˹ȥ֣ܵҶˣԺҰһ

ʶؿһۣѹҲԣɵ㡣
ķģ

˿֪׵ĸŮ˵ʲôҲûĵطſײüģô侲һΪЩеĸһ١

ϾʶĺЩ꣬μһԶûСһʼΪμһĹ֪ڱ˲ٵ¡

ˣô֪Ҳõģȴִżľռ

Ȩںͷ죬仰ٶ˵ֱӻؼҡ

ɭԽñʱŵҡѾʼˣǲŸոճӣϻմžζ

Ⱦˣۿþ档ɭԽǲϲӦģƽʱкҲڰơ

ţܺ˼ɭԽһˮѾտ컹żʵˣͳЩʳ

̵سһڣǸѼȷǲֻǽζ̫أԵǺϲؼ֮󣬰ԺﶼѾԹˡȲˣԾ͵

Ҫԣ۾һţݵɭԽߣȴܵĿ⡣
ԴϰɽˣƽʱʳƷ

ԼŪѾʱͷۡ۶һ䣬ҲǰĴˣԼԵ㡣

ɭԽȵľƲ࣬۵ǲֻۣһ㣬Ҳһ⡣˾ҪǾòϲ˾

ðɣҲ̡û⺢ͦûʲôֱۣƭ˻Ǯģ
۰̵µСܵܿƽʱ˾żŪ䡣Ȼ׼СүֻȸһչԼûᡣ

ɭԽ˶٣ţͦġ
Ϲ𣿡۷˸ۣѼߣԣصظѡĳ̬ļȡ

ɭԽüԥ˼ҧһڡȷͦģϲĿζ

ʲô𣿡۳Ա㣬˫ȴɭԽϣһ˺żȵһιɭԽô˵СүǰЩܳˣֵͦġ

ɭԽһǰļ⣬Ĺĵı£ޱس£иŮѣӦ֪ܲͬ˽ʢܳ

ֻǳԼû׼ңҲܸɳһҵôһ̵֣ͣÿҪʱܼ꣬̿Ҷء

Ӱ۸пҡҡͷԭΪֻǴû뵽ôûġҲƣҪҵֱ̣ӿˣͲӦġ

ɭԽÿɷ
ӣҲɥ̿˵еϣʧܹԼĶӣĸõ

øĲǧŻһҶ̥μһͷÿ찧סҲôߣڵЩ顣

òװţɭԽָϰˡֿյΧҲȶʽʼ˼ԼƵ˼·

ֲţصһҿȹݡɭԽ˾Ķ棬°˻һؼҡ

ŸոճŵײһϤŮ

̿ƭţ׷ӵˣҾͰ˦ˡɵģһΪж׷ǹ־͹ˡ

ɫһ䣬ĬĬػ¼ܡЬЩˣ·컹ͦߵֻ̫ǵֻǱ

ѽˡǸ̶ûң˵ǸϴУúܡֹӻǱ˵ʲôšԹԵģڿﻹмھ͵׷ˡ

ţ֪ġǸֵǾֻǸɵӿҿޣֻҪ΢ίһ£ܺԼİֶϾϵЦˡ

˼ôᰮһɵأ

۱ס΢ЦǴ˷ĻܰǰŮ˴صȥ
˸ղŵ¼۷һݸɭԽ[Ǹ]
ֻ۲Ű׵ĸ߸ЬŮȥλС㣬Ķˡ

ʲôŮŵ绰˺üڣȻٸ˵¡

ˣû𣿡˫ֻ´ǰŮȥҲǴѧͣʲôãǵôĵ顣

ʲô˼ŮƺҲм䣬ˣϴڵӰԺǸŮ

۵ͷؿһ䣬شԡñ˶ĸ飬̫ðɣ

治е÷ţֻǾͿֶĵ¡ôռҲܹܵĶݣСʱùܵͬԼĳһơÿˣ˳һǿȸЩķϡ

ʲô£ŮһҲ˿ۣôб˵㻹ǻҡ

ûмôҪŮˡ
۸оԼĺ֮Ҫˣ΢ЦΪ̫̫ĽλŮʿ¼ˡ˵ʵ

㣡ŮսȭͷĻǵع.ôãۿžҪɹˣôܱŮƻ

ȥʶ˺ֿݰ֣ͱŮݺݵһơ

Ьѹ˲صĵ֮䣬ۺݺݵȥԴһԵĲϣĿһǵݻڲϵߣûס壬ˤ̨ȥ

Χһ󾪺۵òУۿŷݾҪסײײվŽ˵ʹڷݵͶ˵ʱۼֿ˷ݡ

С㣡һԵıææϹ

ۿѾˣ۵᲻ܿƵµ߶µóֻɭԽһ绰ȥ




50.     һΰˣЩ

Сʱ, ۱ɭԽҽԺ

۵ʶ첻ˣԺؿȥ, ˵úܽڼʲôһ˫ŵ棬ټĽ

ǰ۾ܾã̫侲˵ҲֻһüͷѡڳѩǸҹڣȴǴԼƽɳһ㡣

, ҲȾ⳾֡

ˣɭԽͷ, Ųӿһ㡣
۹ŲӲҶ, ȫ, Ӧǿ˲ٵطһ, ͷΡ

ʵʵؿĵԴñͲԴѩϼ˪Ҫ̲ǰ, ǸŮ̸⳥һǮ, һʳǵ֡

šɭԽ͵͵Ӧһ, ƽ˺ܶ࣬ٶȵûн

ۿһ۾ǽۣǶͷ, Ҳ֪ûйۡ

һᣬ۸оԼһŴϡۿȥɭԽѾˡΧŨˮζ, һƬɫǽ֮еһϮ״ӣΪϽӿ۵ǿšϣſֻ֣¶һ˫Ϊÿ۾

ƽڴϣλҽԼż顣
ŻۣۣҲǣӷһ·˲ٵطԴֱײǲǽϡ

ýšҽˣͳ䣬ƽ۲Ծذ

ͷ۲ۣ
ãЩѣʵʵػش

ܿ죬۴ӴѾˡֻ̫ˣЩû

ͷɭԽѾڵˣۿһ죬ųŵأίسɭԽ֡
ɭԽұ§ôˣ

Բ΢𵴣ϻЩ࣬ءֻϵŤˣһڣֹ˶һΣҽ֪ͨҽѼ鱨ݸɭԽ鲡סԺ۲һûʲôͿԳԺ

ɭԽû˵ʲôͷһѾúҩܣȥ졣

ŵȻVIP۲ϰߺͱסһ䣬ɭԽҲ˼š

һ·ɭԽɭԽĻߺͣҲ֪ǲĴղһ˲䣬ܵ΢΢˫ۡ

ˣ㶼֪ˤڷݵ˲䣬鶼ôдˡ

Ҳûпţǵ֮ǰһ¼Ƿݿڵ䣬иΪ˾Сֱڿˤȥ

һ˲䣬ȷ˺ôҪֿ죬Ь˳һֱŵĻֹܲˤһô򵥡

ɭԽû˵ǵͷĽź䣬һţܸоӲҲסĽظůš

Ѿ˿յֻϾҽԺյӦúܶûˣʱ򻹷˿֨֨Щˡ

ﲻ˵ȥԴЩΣղǸҽͦģûʲôնζ԰ɣ

Ȼֻ¶һ˫۾ǰ۶꿴˧ľǿֵԲ͡

ɭԽӦԼе÷ţСȰȰȵľûͣ˵ģҴģҾͲô߸ЬҪƽ׵Ļһʮڻ¡

ҪŮ˲£ûվȾ˹λûôΣաҪǸƽ棬ƽЬĻʱ޵ľ

ɭԽ۴ɭԽļ򣬡һҰ𣿡
ûСɭԽ˷Ӧ

ķűһ£ɭԽȥżæŵظ˹ʳˮȴһСһҽ

Ӵˣ۹Ȥһ䣬λ׼СүǺˣþգˣϽʳýˡ

֪ԣһ߱Թһ߰ʳԹԵΪظܣóԣƬҲǣһҶ˵ġ

۾һȻôԣǺô˼Ҷ͹ˣҲһƬ⣬ԵĻе㲻׼Сүˡ

۲ܳɭԽضӵ֣ίίһ䣬ãˣ

ۺһ鲻ԸţָָǴˮܳ԰ɣ

ɭԽ̣߹ԹԵذѴӵݸ˲ˮɭԽѡһ۸̳Ǽ

ˣɭԽԱߣһҪýͱ뿪ҽԺı顣

ôû˹һôҲĵһ̸ΪŮͼﳳһˡΪԼҵ氮û뵽ƭƭģڻһѵҪȥ

׼СүôûܹίԽԽܣۿˣСصǸԲ𣬶ҵĴ

ɭԽѵõŸճһƬͱǰĴк˵ۿŵˣްֲǲԭ㡣

ҲûпޣǱץСβһ³ĨԼۿһͶ˹ίر˱죬һᴦõģ㲻֡

ŶĮػһ䣬ɭԽǱ߿һ㣬һҪ
ӣԼĳԼˬ죬̶ô˵ˣҲ͸ֻ˵СȸһӺˡ

̸ˣرһ뵽ԼձˣǰȴһԶķޣ͸оȫ綼
̱ŤصлУлл㣬ǸŮ˵Ŀ

¼˲䣬̸оԼ綼ҪˡԺɭԽһģڹ˾澫˺þãһԼǡ

ɵлΡذ۸̶꣬زɭԽָָʳҾͳһƬҽû˵ܳƬ

ɭԽεûԣѡСһ֮ǰؿһۡ
аɣҪιʳĻҲֵܡ

ôˣֹһ䣬ǰľˣ֮ǰһΣڰһΣƽˡ𽾰ôû׼ʱԼ֡

ҳƽүģһֱӱһֿڡع㬵سɭԽֺõһЦģ´βˡ

ѧǻͲ㱻ƭǾκðɡ۰۶췭ȥˣһĲţ޿̵ؽ氲˼һðչģ㻹浱ԼǸŮҪ㡣УҪǿǮЩŮ˼ȸһͿġ

Ҹ㣬ŮͱҪ磬ǵ¸ûʲôҲϴСˣĲ˵ΪһŮ˸ԼװƢҲ˼

Ҳܹᵽֺɵĸоˣʶ˲ҲˣΪŮ˺Լװֳܣǿڷɵϡ

ҲʮˣҵʲôǻԺ֡뵱ɭԽ͵ʱ˵Ҳ¶ģüĿûãǺô˼ҿѧϰҲᷴ˼ܾôһӣʱ֮⹫˾ϣ涼ڡ

㣬㣡ˣͻȻģֹסµ

ˣͷˡ

۸ϽĿڣޱޣ㿴ң㻹Ҳһ޳ɡҵأް
ܡ̸ίˣ峡ʧ⣬ҵûе
ҲǸСǲġ

ǰ˿ûбοԼ˼ҷ˼Ϲôֱ׳ġ

ԹԹԣͻСԺѧˣʲôÿ޵ġͷۣûοôؿһɭԽ߸һ䲻ȵ˼ԡ

ԼǳģԼ

ҲɭԽֱѡԼϹڱͬʱֱӺʵϰɭԽ㣬㻹ᣬ¡

ɭԽҲʱ˵һ䣬Ӧܵ£һ

ˣ˶ǿ׼Сүķϣ̡

ˣȥɣԼ롣۴һӣۣʧѻҩѣø屶⳥

û٣ܻصȴҲûвͬ⡣ߵſڣֻͷЩ˼صԺ㿴ʵŮԽܸҾ㿴˵۹⻹ԡ

𣡡һ۽۾˹ȥ̽סֱˡ

µСү뿪ˣֻʣɭԽҲǻῴɫ֪Ҫ̸춼û

ЩĬקסɭԽ䣬û
ûɭԽֻܵЩ¡

ΣյĵطһСģ淭ô죿ֻǣݳʲôϣദô죿

ӽӵ绰ӹ˾̳ܵǣָڲôż̳ȴϲ˭ۡ
ƽһΣΪԼĲһ޴С
һ죬۲ôҵۣ

ˡ۹ѻǱָ΢̧˼ϵˣסʹɭԽ㻹ϣôңͰ˰ɡ

Ҳң̫ˡúÿ˵ֺãֵסҲġ

ΪϴԼû뵽ȴءšһ

ţ
ǡš𣡣

֮ʣɭԽͻûм棬һΰˣЩ裬̫̫ൣ




51.     󹬲ø

Ҳǵһ֪, ԭԼС໹ô졣Ҫһͨͨġ

ɭԽ۵, Ķšֻн죬˫Ⱦûĸ顣һģںҹѰҵǹһ

ɭԽˡ
⼸Ļһϵ۵Ժػء

Ǹӡ֮ӣֻῼԼɭԽİֻ˵˵ѣԼʵĶۣݸ١

סǣغһ, ûϵ, Ҳ㡣ȻΪĵһ, ø, ҿ϶Ҳѡ

Ҫǻӣ
ţư, ɭԽĳǳҹģ˼Դϰһϲһ, Ҳʵĸ, ˵Ľ

, ܴһӣ

ɭԽĬ룬ס۵ĺףһԴ׺ݵǱ߹ԣҪ۵ϿԼĺۼһ

۲ȱ, ⱻ˺ݺݵţݼĿɭԽȫߣ˻۵Сֱ, ɭԽطſ

ؿڲ֪ʲôʱϮһֻ֣뺰һåɭԽܵ͵ЦһۣĶˡ

Ȼⶼˣ˵ЩôңǸŮ˶Ķοɫôˡ

ɭԽҲա
ϲӲһˡҲûϵܸܵõԼиоġֻСŮӣϳϰˡ

շ

Ҳø̵ҽԺһķ̣μһسˡ

ãμһҲ֪Ǵĸ绨ѩ³ģɫӰǺɫ߶컭۽ȥˡ

סԼ֮ϽˣԶ㣡
һľζѬЩܡڻǲˣŲЩ

㻹ңμһҪǿԱķϣһȭȥˣҿ˵ˣ½ԼС̹
һϿңҪǻȥС̹ɣԼҽԺͦõģġ

ܣμһԴǵؾܾϽ飬УЩݺݺܱȵġԣ˵ĵˣģ뱲ǸϣҲһӵġ

ϣ
ϱǻΪʲôҪʶôӵĹۣ

ôʮģҸоӦûʲôġμһգգ۾

ƽĻƾμһĳ࣬ôֿɰԵġֻŴŨױܾŮҪԼԵ

û»ôŨױʲôۺرۣƬģζͦ

Ϊ˶ˡμһ꣬һ뵽¾ͺ޵ҪǲûС̹ˡ

ȻˣǽʹʲôֶΡ飬ɶˡ

ˣɭԽأμһӽſʼûǸ˵ĴڡôҲˣѲɻæ

˾и飬һ͹ֲôˣܸ˻ǵҪɭԽһֱԼߡҲˣȻ˾£ȥСʱҲûʲô

˵ǽҺһ㣬С̹Ҫͼǹûĵġμһڴﻹһ̡׼ҵСүȻƢˬһ㣬ʳƷζǲġ

ۻ˸ƣڴϡһ죬سμһϵĿӣɭԽҸˡ

ŶμһĮ
ⷴӦ۶ΪײԴμһˣһǿ˵ɭԽҸˡ

ŶҶûμһĿԼӵ֣ܾ빷ùٷ˼άǴʺƨ˼ά£

۲˼ʺƨ

ҽôɰƽǰ͹̷òģɭԽ㲻ǳ𣿳ֻä˳Ϲˣֻǿʯͷġ

ܺãʮֵá
ǹٷأ

ٷİμһ۵θڣ˰ǸԶɭԽһʱܹһӡǸ治Կơ

Ϊ͵صҼҴɵӳɳˡ

СһֱܴòãμһŤͷһԹصˣҰôıײˡ

һǰģȻѾȲ϶ɭԽİˣǴڵġμһ֮ôĸ꣬ʵʵġ

飬Ȳݶ

λжС㣬鷳ٿС˵



ΪȵԵʣֻʵʵشڼ¼˵ģúúõģϹһΣȫ֪顣

һ翴꣬Ƶö쳤ˡɭԽҲæرǻôǸͭʱΨһĻžֻ졣

Ϊʲôһ֣ԼϹһȥĸо
ŶĪ֮ԼһУ

籾Ĺ˼Ѿ벻ˣȵһãȥ㡣ԮѾȫ㶨μһǱƺϵ˼ӰϵСʱг۸ʾͺá

ſڴ죬Ťͷȥ̶࣬ô磿ǿɭԽ뽿غһϹƳ̡

ʲô۰ȴڲ輸ϣһ뵽СүӺģòС

˷ʱ͵ıƺҲð²ߡ󹤷ѣСүǷԼһʡ

ҰҸοƷƲƲ죬ϵĺüӵݹȥЩ·ɶһ˺ôŸŪġߴܵģҪǲɲңˡ

֪ˣ⳥أЩ·ۻǾǮŸ

˰㲻֪𣿡ʶؿһɭԽ˲䲻ȵضһ֪ۡʶԼ˵ʲôϽҿˣȥõȵġ

һߣ۱ؿɭԽκ£ҲֻקסɭԽ֣£˽ԿǮ

Ҫģ

ҡͷʲôȱ·ױƷˡƽʱȥμһԸҲɭԽôһ룬ȻһǮĵطûС
ΪһС㣬þȻƽ

ۿʼط˼Լǲ̫ڼּˣÿ׬ôǮҶûôûиκεĳɾ͸У

ãεĻҲ١ɭԽ˹ص˳ϾͺһȡϴˣҲܴӣǿ˿յҲЩˡ

۷˸ۣɳģֶԸ⣬ϵ۸̣Ұһ¡

ҵָĽšɭԽһ䣬㲻⣬ҵν


Ҫôش𣿽ⲻǾԼѾӲɾ𣬲ĻĲɭԽԼѾӵȥ۸̡
˼շת˼أҧгݵصޣͻȻˡ

̫̫Ѿˡ̴ӳ˳һˣֺǺǵز֣صظ̫̫ģţβΡ̫̫һˣЩ춼ôڼŹƵģ˲źá

ͷŵ⻰Щˡ

˫һԾɭԽԼȥȻҲܹȥžվš

㻹ٷģۿһۣɭԽ֮󣬾ͽϴ˸֡

Դ˵극Ҫ˵Щ顣һҸʳѡ

΢΢һЦֻ˹ȥ΢ţ鷳´δǮֱתˣҪɭԽ

ʶؿһ۸ոճɭԽڵõ֮ͬ󣬲Ų鲻Ըؼˡѵÿӣ̲סЦ䣬˼Ҷ޹ϣԴ硣һΪжأװġ

ǰɭԽжֲǲ֪ĸҺа尡صտ٩һԵɭԽû˵۸š

ɭԽĬϣҲ

ǸϺҪԡɭԽֱָۣԵˣҰ

ɭԽط¿ӣĿɿڴ֮£˫ǽڷֶŵذһϺ

Ҳף
һ뵽Լڹ˾ɭԽӣﶼ췺ݡһԷ޾ǹģŸ˼ʡ

ķһȥ㻹ʲôϺ

ֲüɿڣôܳˣһֻϺãɭԽĵظմ˽
̵ذչȥһڣ⿴̱Сˣѽ˰ϺǳԵ㡣

̫⣡Ժҵ˺ù
ҲϺһˮ
׼Сүо˶ˣҪ۹Ȼˣ

ɱ֮θڴһ뷹һԿĵòУܶԵ㣬øһЩ

ԹɭԽ¥ļ˸ƽ忴Ź˺ľ籾Ѿһ棬ĳɳ˲֧ߡֻԽԽã˵ʲô

ιۣͯˣѪ˴죬˵ˡˢֻǿһ

ô֪ŤͷȥͯѪܺСֱ۶ôԡǾϵҽ߰˴ζġ

ѶУһרҵġֻ̰ͯݸ

һۣþѪ
O͡

ͯȻеѪѹСС͵ģҲǸúúòˡĵо˼ҵ쵥ҿͬѧȻһףǻһ㶼ѧ

۰һۣⲻǼ˼ұ𣿡
УҲһ߰ˡ
ʵҲ㰫ֻȥôͣĪϸһ֣⻹Ǹкĸо

¥ݴ죬ɭԽѾļԾذѵС˺ܶ࣬˳Ǻë̺һ˰칫ӡ

̼ӣɵõһ䣬¥ȥ󹬲ø
ȻԴҪѵŮĻҪӵ

ü˼ԱλǺġ




52.  ƫ   Ϊʲôڣ

̸, ɭԽԾĬִ治Ļ

ɭԽڹ˾Ҷ, ׼ҵĶӣǰʲôҲǡƾʲôˣҪ󱿵ٰ̡

ֱǿιһ칷̶ҪˣΪʲôʧܵʱ򣬿ȫǱ˵Ҹ

ɭԽû˿̵飬ļеݸ֮ǰһĿȿ

̲ŸոսӴ̳, ϺϺǸĿ֮, ɭԽӴһĿĥҪ, ڵԹ˲ٵĿ, Ҳһ

һˣٶ˰, ٴϻۣóԵĿ, ˤ, һ١

̸, Ҳ˲һɳֱۣѡӡ

ۿȱȱ˵Ķġ˵ɽԽھһϲͨ

ϵ˵Ľ, ˺üϵ֣ûҵˡε·ƫмλÿ֮ǰļ¼

޳
жʱڵ, ôҲûĹ

ۣ[ӦҰ챨浥ɣ뿴]

ϿԵ͵ģÿȥҽԺ졣ҽż߹ϵҲ㣬ԼÿζԼҽԺ

ϣ[彡ûʲô⡣]

ǲˣôһ룬ĸʮ֮Ϳʼÿ죬ֻǲпջûգϿһȥǰΪ˾ԼȥҲͦõģôϸһ룬ȷǲ̫Ծ

ۣ[㷢˵ֻû棿ҽԺӦףϰˣһ°ɡлл硣]

硱ˣ϶֪ôܾۣ[ôͻȻ뿴ˣ]
ۣ[һ°壬Ƕҡ]

̾һܿ۵˼ʵҲûҪֻۣǵⶬϳá
ϣ[Ҫ]
һ仰һ۾ˡҲ֪ܿռңҲ֪
ۣ[š]

ͼƬܿͷ˹֪Ҫʲô˵ѪͽOǻͻҲAѪ

ϣ[ɭԽ]
ظһɭԽ̵Ƭȥ[ֲСӣô]

ҲûʲôͻȻЩƫΪʲôϿԵѾ㹻ˣʣ顣ֻǱͯĲһЩǶڼͥ˵Ѿ㹻Ҹˡ

ۣ[ǻ]
ʵԼĸ
ϣ[Ҳ]
۵˵ͷҲûм׷ʲô
ϣ[Ƕٷ]

ǵǮǵԼĶҲɣôôһ̰ǮĶӡ
ϣ[ˣģϽȥϹο]

ۻûжġ
ǶѾϰΪˣ֪һ˲䣬Ȼ֡ŶԭĻȻСҲûرѹǵ֪һͨһ

ۣϿԵĸĸ˲ƫռҸѾ㹻ˡûĵȥĸĸĵ⣬õģǡ

϶ֻһᣬͷŷһȤص㿪
һë
ɭԽôôѵţ

ҡͷ̾Ϣֻһյ̨ơ󿪣ͷ¹˽°ͣƵظɭԽһϢȥ

־ÿˣĩ˻һ֡
[򣬼ǵôǮ]

ۻ֪Լôϸˣ˸ˮ裬ͿڴϵɭԽ

ˣɭԽǸƣΪ˴ͨԡ۶׼ˣڿͷҲǾɨģֱ˯

ʱ䣬ҲʮˡȻ֪еģһǸֱУֻһִ׸СҲˣؼҵӦŵģôýǸ̡

Ȼˣ˵ɭԽֲ֣̫ôңˮˣ

ûУԡ׵ġѾӾλεش棬Ȼ΢ЩŹۣЧܲʱ˫ֳЩеѡ

˳ɭԽϣ۰˫ŲϣƵһڣϹ̵˶Ǯң

ɭԽ§סһĽףûˮֻǸոϴ裬Ť˵һ飬Щ졣
סЩˡƿ˴ְסĽѾůţҪ

۵ͷ絷⣬۵׵ĴѺԣȻҪ
áɭԽ䣬ǸոѾֱӴ˽


˵ĲҪ
ˣЩٶ˵飡

Ҳܾ˶ۼææƿɶȻǿԵġɶ֮ĻоɭԽ
ĵ˸۹ȥ۹ǰɭԽȻϹҪĻҲһ¡ֻǮ

Ҫת㡣ֻǣҪԼ¡ɭԽ濴ǵСǮҲٺμһЩʲôС

˵ֻҪǮλĶ¡

һμһЩԶһ㡣
С̹СǹһЩ˵Ҳֵôϲ

۵ͷϴĸ˺ðɣμһʹȥ

ڶĿ˱㱨

ԥһ£ⲻʲôñˣҲûʲô˵¡
Ҳԡ

ֻҡ

𣿡۱鳹׵رѡ
Ͳе˽Ȼ֪ɭԽֻ룬Ųϡòã΢žûжݣĵҲһЩļġ
ôһ룬ֻ˵Ķһ㣡

ѡȨ㡣ɭԽҲذڴϣĹĵСȥϴ裬ǡ
ȵȣ˵жǮ濼ǣǮ롣
򡣡

׼ҵȷ£Լˡܰѵһٲ˵Ժ۶òЩܺ


۰סĵļ侲صţȥϴɣϸ롣
ƨǿ
ʧȥֻһ룬ܹ򣬼ֱҪֵ̫ðɣ

ȵɭԽѾذֻϽˣһϿң8899ǮĻܵ˰ɣ

е־𣿡ɭԽ̾һȷûΪ嶷Ϊˡ

־ܵ𣿡۲мȵعߣͼûֻ˵ˣԸ˰ɣ
ܷɭԽҪģɲֻһô򵥡

ҡͷСģ㶼ܿɭԽֻ飬һ㶼Ůģһǲʧˣ
Цһٶ౾СģҪǱɭԽˣΰ

ΪʲôڣɭԽһ䡣ǧ˵ˣһŮڣ˵⡣ȴٲڣֻ

㣬㿴ڷǵòֻǲҡҵվȵĿߵ㣬ֱ׳صζû𣿡

ɭԽļ򿪣ܵĵһҳͿĳվ㿪һ¶ҳ.ÿݣܲµдʲô

ôϲСģɭԽĪظоԼˣòã
ҲҲǡżΪһŮֻСôˣⲻǺ

Ժٿһ㡣ɭԽֻ§ۣͷȥ˻۵Ħš

Դ˺Լ֮󣬱㼫ϲĥǣ޹ءֻǵĴ

ðΣɭԽŷſᴭΪЩʲôʱȴ˱

۴˴ɭԽ˯ˣ
ɶ׼һ¾ͽˣһɻﲻϲµģԵҪƵġ

ɭԽţȺˣǻкܶʱ䡣
ͻȻеڴô£

۹ԹԵر˯ûһᣬ֮䣬Ե˿˹ģһǣ
ϲıһͷѧѧ

رǼһᣬ֪Ϊʲô֪Ҳûʲô̫˸УΪһɭԽЩҪġ

Ҳõһݶһ޶ƫ

ϲ㡣ɭԽ°ͣڰп΢Ͻ۾



ܵͳźҹ·ܰвĵȫ赲档

-

ȥ죬ɭԽô̳һ˲㣬μһ
μһûױֻǺۿҲŨױˡ

ȥˣһӡ˺ţǰ滹ˡ
ҵȥμһſſؿ۵ϣһ䣬ڸҵ

۵μһ˵λСѪģǵҪȥʲôˣ˵׬Ǯܿ˧硣ֻȥ죬㲳ˡ

ôЩС˼ˣμһĹͷ

ôܣҿμһǶ˯ңҪԴ㶼֪ÿжѡμһԼĺȦһҹû˯ͻȻҴ

۲Ц𣿡
˲ˣҾУٰȥ˾ûˡμһǺ̫Ŀȡŵģȴӡ

ޱȵͬ飬ؼŰɣû±Ϲڡ˵ǲԣ𿴵ò˾ȥӽѵ𣿡

μһƲƲ죬Ҳǳòǳ൱ȥø绹ɭԽ˭ÿ

ŶɡһĮ˵ɫͷһѵμһһΣͻеڶΡ
ʵҲôӹ׵ˡμһԴǵصֵҸעں
÷ҪעںĻ׵Ǽʮ棬ûһǵѧ

źŵۣμһһȥѾûʲôĴˣ⼸úܺãҲҽûо˶¶ûУҲΪɭԽôá

ܽſ𣿡μһȥȾƱĵˣûãɭԽǱֹܵϡڣɭԽڼң

Ҹ˵ѡһ̹ĳǰ컹μһĻͷո˰䣬ǰͻȻ߹һ˧磬۾һ۴ȥλҽ˼ͷŶ


νôӦ

ҲȥԳμһĬĬһԿϷҽȷͦ˧ģһʣ֮ǰĶͬüۺܺÿǳǳģȴһֺĸо

۾ܸоϤ

˼Ƭ̣ˣԴģɲλҽ˵Ծޣɫǰˡ

䣬μһʹɥԴˣˣ˼Ҷˡںÿ˶ô𣿡

Ϻ͹˺ǵ𣿡Цסμһļ磬ˣĺδ޷ݣαһֱҡȥ˧磬ҾҪƵȥΰɣһܸ㵱Ż

μһŲţƭأɭԽϷҵȥΣ
ɭԽνǽ壬˵ȥˣԷòڡɭԽ£רŸ۽Сĵ֡

ҿŬȡһ¡ۺ棬˻ҲûԼͺ͹һôˣ黹ûȨ

ţֻг̵΢žͷ˹
̣[㿴ⶥñϲ]






53.     ۣҪԶĶ࡭

Сʱ, ڵɱƺ͡

Ҫȥ̫һ˶, һСʱܵ

̸ԼĵַͣƵϡ֪ԣһԶͷҰ㡣͸ŮɭԽĶߣҪˣ

ɭԽ˱ˣǰиŮڳӵġ

˾Ƶ꣬ڴ˸λ, ͷžžવظ̷Ŷţ[, ʲôʱ]
ͷûءܿ, Ҳ֪Ϊʲôûˡ

Դ, Ŀ᲻Ԥĵһ㣿ǰͷϤ̧ͷȥͦ, ׵ĸ߸Ь߹ȥ

ϤĳڴǰйһΡ׼, ޱߵɭԽǰ, , ţġ

ڿ۵˲ˣȻǸŮʵڵģʵҲûеĳ̶ȡ

ǿǰ, ԲŹⶺһۡ˭֪Ů˷ģֱӹˡ

Դ磬Ҿȥ, ҾԼˣǡúܿ죬֮ǰһˡ

Ǻѧúܣ˷κһʱ䡣ˣԼ׼ҴʺԽô꣬Ҳʱöˡ

Ҳͷͷһ̣ʱȻ˼֣̫̫ȽϼǳСүԺ£ǵö࿼ǿǣëë겻һӦеġ

֪̲ǿ˸ЦͼӴ˼ʶѣҲѡ

ˣɭԽǰͻȻĳۣȸպþʹ߸Ь

ףֲܸߡȣһװɵһ䣬ϻҪ𣿡

˵иƵ飬ڿԴȥԷɭԽʱ䣬һܣÿ춼æÿһγֻۡǼȻˣȻҪúչ˵ġ

Ҳˣⶼˣһ·׷ֻˮҲЩǧ׷ģĲ

ȥľǾƵĲ۶òУ˺üˡһ仰û˵ȰԼιˣԼ¡

ź̵¼۰ƬɭԽǰһŭ⣬Сˣ
ɭԽһۣҲϣˣ

ϻϲԼͷһñ𣿡رɭԽǰ컹Լ£ʲôӦˣˣ㱨ֻˡԼôģһͺͱôȡ

ۣ˵ǹҪأɭԽû۳Եô˹ģԵĴ꣬ӦҲ̳ϵķ곡Ϸ

ƨ̲סһ䣬ˣ΢㡣㲻Ů˿ô˵ѻˣ컹ưˣ

ʵһֱڵģ̺ͷֶҲҲҪƺĵزģԾֱӹˡֻɭԽĽ̸ͣûɿ𣬷˲ٵʵ顣

ɭԽص꣬¿ӣĵصһˮȥ㣬Сҭš
òУȴǲĵһΣģ

֪̳з곡ϷôˣɭԽҲǴúܺƾЩȫԱġ

⣬Ϊ̫̫ΪۣɭԽ˵Ǿ仰ģֻЩļˡǰ֮ҲԽȷĸ顣

Щĵرȥʲô𣿡
𡣡
۳Ĭ룬ίίؿڣʲôģ㶼

ɭԽȵָĦСȴֱ㿪ҡ
ˡ

ɭԽǵĲɾ㿴λͽˣӶ߰ꡣ̹㣬Ҳ㵱ˡ

ղŻ˵һöɭԽ˫ЩЦ۾ƲƲ죬ΪһƬǲǺܵ⣿

áеģܹԴҲ˵⡣ֻѼӲһֱͷۡ´οǮԡ

ĬĬشȥҲﻹǲԴɭԽĻҶΪˣ¶ң

ΪҲֹҪΪҴɭԽͷģۣΪˣҪԶĶࡣ

ˡۻΪʱңѹեԷһǾԲݵġŶڴϣҲƴե

˵ʵ㲻ŮΪʲôǸ⡣

ŻۣɭԽԾط࣬ԱˣҪҪȵ̲裿

ȣˡ۾ɭԽϵĿӣôһŮӣÿζøɭԽҵİɣ

֮ܵùɭԽһۻ̣Աˡ

۲˵ٻɭԽ֮ǰ˲١Ҳܺ˵Ȼ׼ýʲô
һһСӣȻݰɣ޾ˡ

һôæҲæۻعʱԼѾھƵˢƽˡ

ɭԽĺæ֮һֱƵ滹кüļɨһۣǶܿöģܡ

μһţ֮ǰʱ򣬾Ѿźˡƺ߻׼ģ˧﹤Ҳָ㽭ɽĸо

ٽʮһ㣬ɭԽûн۰ﲻֻܴյ󣬸ż򣬡㻹ðٵ㣿

ڼʮһ͸˯ˡɭԽҲʮһˣʮƽʱôŬϢǵϢá

˯ɣõҡɭԽͷһۡʱڼңǰ۵ˣ˾˯Ҳ᰾ҹ

ֻǹĹȷܶࡣǰĿָǰǰҪæ£ȵ·Ӧûһ㡣

ڻѵһĸɭԽĺ棬ż򣬡ҾĹ÷žͷһ㣬֮ǰ𣿵ʱҼоİҲʡôۡ

ۣҲʮ꣬ûеݵ͡
˾ô飬ɭԽžͷŵġ۵˵ȥˣЩһֱڹ˾ҲȷǸҸʱԼɷɡ

ۡҡһһҲˣſſؿɭԽϣҴЩʱ䣬μһȥøΡ
ɭԽ鿴ļĶһ٣ȥģ

ɡμһҲֻǺһ䣬飬ûϸ롣Ҳģʱ򿴿Ʊȥľȥġ

ʱ˵ɭԽûиȷĻش
ֱ׵ؾܾۣĵҲǲͬµġǣǺμһһȥ

Ӧһټ칫ҲˣԼͷ˯

ѾԼˣ۵ڶú硣ʱμһû˵ʱСԼһȥ棬Ҫһ

Ҳ⣬μһҲֻģֻҪǰĿλ͹ˡ

ࡣΪһ߸ݵĴкߵشһкС㣬ǼǸ⼸ġ

Ҳĸˣкӡ飬ĵкӿһ㡣裬ˣææŵģҪǿŹ˺ָ㣬ƺ湻Ǻ

Ǿ鷳ˡ۴кӱ໹ҪһԵȫܵһȥֻʣۡ

ҪѾˣ˰ɣ۷ƽϵļʱ࣬Ҳ죬˳ĻҪزĴ붼ĺá

Ѿȫˡ˵ŵǴͷȥͦġ

ۼǵСңоɬۡμһ⼸˵Ĵѧ裬˾ֶ

·ЩԶˢֻһûһغ죬Ӧÿѧ˰ɣæ𣿡

ǿѧܲȥС㡭Ѿҵ𣿡
ۿЩС໹ΪԼ͡
ԣȥҵġһרҵҲоۿֻüô·ˣ

ïǱ߱ȽƫƧһЩϾɵķӡӴֱ߹ȥĻҪĺ̵ƱȽ϶࣬СȻ·Щƽȣǻܶࡣһ䣬⴩ţ̲סһ䣬ïǱͦģһЩңСȻڳϵǡ

ãûô󡣡ǧǸˣïôƺ棬ôҲٲȥ

һгͣԼƽЬܷ֡ΪһǰˮضʪġʵģɫװźüֺʣһϸϸĹӹˮ

ӿȥС㣬ǰ߾ϷˡԱ߽ܵһ죬һ䣬ߵĲгСЩӦɡ

ۿЩ棬ûֵط˹ţһ㡣ӦҲǣܸ̳ȷҵһĲго̻Ϣ

ȷﶼС⣬Щ̳ıࡣԼֵģС㲻סھƵĻһһЩȥԡЦЦôһᣬҲһ㣬үүҾ˼סһӣԸߡ

˷Ͼһ㣬Ķ˵һƬҪˣ

ǰ¹滮ǰǹүүСʱµģ˵ҪòСЩΣҲв˵ĺãϾҪ

ʧЦСͷ˵ͦġ

˵ص۾Ϳʼɻ۲ôˣԼҲʱЩ顣

֪ĵˡ㣬ҪɭԽ绰ۻټȥ

ˣһСʱƵꡣأ칤ˣۿһЬӣȺЬ涼ˮİ߲ۼ

ˡɭԽΪԼѾˣû뵽صƵ꣬Ƿ۱æ
üģɭԽŴɫģۣԭƺ͵Ŀģֻ˳㡣

ƺζֽڳϣŲȥ˳ͷɭԽģСˣһǵûؼҵġ




54.     ô뿴ҳԴף

Ҫ, ɭԽæǰʱΪǸ, ˼һҪСѧһţԱ߹ĵġ

ɭԽͷĬ˺һᣬȱ𣿡

ۡ͡һЦ۵ĵЦ⡣˵ĹȻûһ̸ֱ̾½᲻ĻСʲô

Ը˾Ƶ꿪٩ˣܱܺǸ, Ƹĵһ, Ͳܳʮ塣, ʹ, 

ۣȰջ仰ɭԽֽ⿪Ŀ, òãûף

, ǻҪġҪŭɭԽ, ʵڲʲôǵѡ񡣡, Ҳ˵ˣ㻹ҪЩʲô·ϸ

ҲãóԶ, ˶Ĵ󡣡ɭԽض仰ȥϴ裬˵

Ҫ, ͷˡ

˵绰һתͷͶЩԵĿ⣬Сѣ

ǣϹʧЦӲβŵɭԽĽ䡣ϲжƽʱҪҲ鷳Ծһֱڲˡ

΢΢𾪣Сôͽˣ

˵۾س̾һǰɣҲԼ̫ˡ

ᣬʮͽŮʵǲࡣٿμһǸʮ˻ǵһֻ

粻ģʵҲǵÿˡСӦúܰԼ۶һۣЩ˼˵ղС绰ʱ۵׶Ҹ

ҲϡǰȻϲɭԽֲʯͷġɭԽôãܲжֿܵסôá

Ǿúò׵ȵקòе˸ףôҲһʱɭԽԼʲôġ˭ǰƢôһӶ

ҲɭԽ֪ԼǱСĺǻԴţܵõġ

ھƵԱ˱̲裬۾ֱֱƵ塣ţѾſֱסɭԽĴ㣬û뵽ŵĲԼϹǸ˵̡

ʲôҲŲҪı̺ؿһۣ̲Ҳ֪һС

ûסһţôҲûƽʱ

ɭԽֲ̲裬˭֪Ϲķ档겻ɢģⶼˣԼ䲻

һСⲻѧ𣡡̲صҲһһ޳ɣҪԺԴ桭

̡ɭԽģż־ζҿû̹Ƿ޹ϵ

¡ȵرסԼҵϹɭԽһڣ̼̣Щ˰Լ̸ƭͰͲ˵ĸ鶼˳С֮ĶȾ֮

ҲûУ˵ּɵɭԽع˹ӣصعš

ɿ֣̲ݸɭԽһһߵ㻹ôСүãôоȥһˡ

һϻؾƵ껹һŮ˵ĶһסɭԽջ󣬰Լ˿ô죿

˵ʲôɭԽü̲һԣְȻ֮䣬ۣǼѹţֻкܵˮζ

ﰡ۱ŪģȴҲܷϸղűССòһ¡һЩ죬ЩȣȥˣҲζ

ӡ˵Ļ㲻ҪɭԽ˵ûСˣԶС

۱ǼһᣬڵɭԽǸȫСӦһͷһڣ̾ǼǣҲ

ôһɭԽס۵ԴȥƽʱģڽһֻἸ£ܿſۣúܿģ

û棬ȥòáСطһ䡣

̫ҪˣɭԽԴӸ֮󣬾ͱú֮ǰͬþϣֱ˵ĻãҲᵽμһ˵ģڲ࣬Ѳӹ

ǶʮµСɭԽ˹ë£ʱ¶һСذɨһۣ§ϸЩζμһܵģ

ëСԴԾһۣԴ׳ԵֵزҲ˲šԼְë¸ˣ˦һԵɳϡͷԼ仹һֻ֣ػӿֻǹҲӦ֪İɣ

ɭԽĻȥ
ɭԽҲŭô뿴ҳԴף

ҿû˼޹գգۣɶμһŵġȻҲĬˣ⻹ǹҪϾܲҼôص豸ɡ

ɭԽӦ۰һˣȥϴ衣
šɭԽſ

˵Ѿ˴ҹͦġۿˮůůˮͷŸоһЩԡ¶꣬ĥ˺һᣬ̵ش˯ߡ

ɭԽѾϴˣһֻ֣΢ͣ
۾ؿһۣƹߣ컹Ҫϰࡣ

֪ɭԽһ̣˹ϴû۷ӦǴݱѹ֮ϣֻһΡ



ͷµֻϵشߴۣŴ֮

˵ĻҪţرǴϵĻ˵һΣ鵽ɭԽȫԼ˵ʲôȥƵҲģӶкüߴ磬ѡ

аѵ۾۽绰

ûأμһЦôϢһ죿

ãھ𡣡úܣֻʱȣҲòˡᣬɭԽ׼·ƺˣ

ǰģ˳㻹˸ҹμһͷӣӦͷȥƵ㣿˳͹ȥ

ãȥϴ۹˵绰ŻЩʹ
ɭԽϢ[һȥһ㡣]
ƨ£ɻز硣

˸ܵıϴ¥

һμһ๤۽㻹˳ֻɭԽƺ䣬⼸һֱ̫áΪ˱ڣֱӰᵽμһķȥסҲ˼С

˵ˣϹĿⶼǧٱˡμһûһ䡣ֵˣÿײɭԽʱμһܸоɭԽĵѹ

æźأʱҡۼ⼸ƵС»ͦϸĵģܶɢĶȫˣһ㿪ļоܸҵ

Ϲˣμһֻص٩һ䣬㲻аʲô޼ǰʲôôһëụ̂

ۺϵԣμһNɪӣΪɭԽһ䣬˶䡣

ǲͳˣǸСƨҲϲˡμһյصƼСү΢üӣǱ֮־Ϊˣ

ҽܵģ쳳Ҫ̸û취ֻܽ˼ǰ̲裬ڣַˡˣⶼ봺ˣٲʵȵ죬ôȹӡ

μһȣԼһ˺ŶǮˣôһϵҵƬɭ֣Ϊҳ

СŮ²һ䡣

Ըô˵أҿһʼ͸ЩС˵ˡμһһŲأֻǰѡЩСҲûи飬Ǹȡˡ

ֻˢһںţμһȤߵۣͷҪˣҪҪȥƺ͵ľưһ£

̧ۣμһֻ˹㿪ͼƬ⸽ҵȫ˵ۣг賬С磬ʮ㻹л

еĶ˵ʵȻǺϲưֳֵĵطСϲһعôˣûμһúõȥ˹һΣ֮󣬽ûǵҪġ

ȥμһѲϹ
ôܡһάԼǲڵӣڼҶ˵㡣
μһƲ˵ƣޣȥư£Ӧòô򱨸ɣ

ɫӵؿߵͲǵҽݾ
ǻ˵ɡô˵ҲɭԽţûˣһ

۸ˣһɭԽμһӡ󣬻һС顣ȥưɣ͵ͬɭԽ׵ϱĵ

μһĴߴ£ĥĥģһ˼׼ŲɭԽĵ绰

ôˣɭԽһ̣ȥԾطᡣ

Դμһƺ֮⻹۵һϵԼͬһƵ棬ɭԽȴҹҹؿչ롣

ۣæ𣿡
ڲæѾβˣڴæʲô
ͣȥһ¡

һԵμһ۶췭ˣǣڼ˵㣿ȫǱɭԽģһֿûС

ɭԽͻȻֲõԤУȥģ

ۿʼԼõһԹ˿ϢԶԼһϵзļֵ۵ĵط

ɭԽüۣ˵˻

˺ðΣҧưɣ




55.  Ϲ   ҪӰ

һʱĬ, Ͳﾲĵģֻкϸ΢ĽŲԼõ̵, 룬ֽȥ

һ˻⣬ǱǲźŲã
ҪȥưɣɭԽܵͣż⣬μһ

ȥưɣμһ
ȻɭԽı飬ҲܴŲµ˺ܿѾС˫

ȥһ, ұ֤ʲôǰȥưҲʲô, ǺȵС, ǳ衣ֻ۲ϲ̫, ܶʱȥĻɣǾҥˡ

ɭԽͬ, ۼ˵Ҫǲ, Ҳһ

ɭԽ, ֺĵط, ˵ǾưֵطۻɭԽܾû뵽ͷһ

š

ţ
ΪԼˣһȷϣưɺܳ, 㲻ֵط𣿡

ǲϲҪȥ

۳Ĭ룬һ, ԭϹôҰ
ƣô߰ˣھȻ˺ѷΡȫ̫㣬ǵΪ֮㵹

̫񺮣ɭԽû׼ֻ˶ǽڼ߬Щûаֻȥһ㡣ھƵʵʵصһȥ

ãŶع˵绰ͷƼμһǱĵ񣬡Ȼ氮Ҫңҵ绰ˡ

ⵥŶȣԼףЩźôæûװҿܵôŷȥưɡ

׼ˣֻҿɲҸ㴩ʱһȣɭԽֻҿμһص̲һȡ

Ϊͬһֻ֧Դ˼ŽĴƬ̺⡣

ȵɭԽص䣬ƼıԸеĴţǿӶ̵ȣͷֻһķɫסҲǣһɫĵһ㲼ϣס毺õġؿ֣֮ȲҪջ󼸷֡

ɭԽ΢Ҳ˼죬۰ٰջվǰͷɵö˼컵뷨

ÿʮԼĴ̵ɭԽǰתһȦ治ҴģǸ˶ֿס

ϸȣַòͷԣˣֱ˷ôõԴֻǿϧˣӢ޸ɭԽôȤˡ

ţɭԽȴ̲ססϸ㴩ȥ
˵ǾưЩˣˣҲѿزס

ҿû¶¶ġ´ԼĴţ⣬ָָŵףټһţףǲʮĸо

ۣĸᴩ

۷˸ۣ˿ǲ顣ɭԽֵת˸˵Ĳӣ촽΢Ϲÿ𣿡

ɭԽ˵ͷʵжۡ
ǿںζɿһЩɭԽϲý۵ĺ촽ҧֱʹصͺһŻ˷˿أ̽ȥ

ʱˡɭԽϢȵᴭ촽Щʹǲֳʱ䡣

ҪҪױһë¾ԭأɭԽһױˣ

ǰë£ۼææذͷܽԡҡ
ױݻڣӰ˴룬ָֻοԵòôͻأëҲ֪ôˣǲһķ۵档

ֻѧƵѧ˰ŪõķͣѾ˴롣ܻذͷϵķȫƼ˿ûлڸ֮ģſڵؿμһʮӺ¥

˭ëµģ

ɭԽǿŭһ侲ظͣʮȣ̫׸ðҲʮĸûôá

ۺ촽˶Ǿ䡰ڴݼһ£û˵ư費䣬ҿſյ

ûȥ֪ɭԽԸ⴩ڿˡ

һΣױݻҪ
òУǸСһܲ˵ȥʵʵɭԽҧһڡ
ɭԽʹĻСԴǹ𣿡

۲ȥ˼ϣٻһ˫ͲѥȻȸղŵԸУҲһζ

ۣѾ顣ɭԽһ䣬Ҳֹ㴩Ըе·ֻھưɲС
ۻͷһĴ
⣬ҲС

ðҲ˹ȥɭԽסؿü룬ҧһڣۣ˵ˣҪĻܶࡣóף͹һ㡣

۵۸ţһ㶼ң˵Ļƭҵġ
ɭԽ޷סҪǲ㣬Ĭôţ

ǰǸɭԽǣһΪٷޡ
ۻǾòߺԹ㿴ʦſɺˡ

ɭԽͳһЩۣһѧģٸһʱ䡣



ΪԼɭԽ߶꣬ʲô涼ôҲû뵽дԼϰĵϵһ졣

ϰǰʱй棬صظǰһ߽ǵλáֻǶھưҲȥ

Ȼ˵ˣɵģȫֻãϰưɣһ㶼ɡӽͱ壬Сүڵúܣһᳵ·÷Ա˲ٵľƣкһ

磬ʲô̿һƿƣΪ²غž飬ſǱ߿ǼСƶǴѧûʲôۡҪѵȥԡ

ҡͷĿǰû㣬Ҫ

ޡҲʧЩʲôͱμһһ£˼ܵΪ˭һ𣿡

ԣ̸ôˣ̲ص˵ɼҵҿɲǵȳɼ𣿡
μһسЦСүⳡ㶼㲻鳡߳ƣ


μһŬŬ죬ʾ̿ɭԽǸλãƼûУ˼Ȱҵˣű˹顣ҵ˫գЩ׵ġֶ㿴Ҳǵúúõġ

֤㲻ǣǶӦҸġ˧ǮôҲӦǸǡ

п𣿡μһԴ˿ǲǶװˮʵ棬⺢ôЩͯ籾Ķ

ǣֵŻߵ̣ĵȵɭԽ㰲ŸڻҵĽɫͲˣСȰȰȵġμһһۻȴɭԽߵۣضһɫ

۵ͷˣƫƫ߻иɭԽüװš
ɭԽҪȥû˵꣬˵ִԼĲӣһûҪɣҾȥ裬ʹɱְɣ
ɭԽضһۣ£Ҳڿôǡ

ϵ⿪ɭԽóöָһ۲Ըۣ֡
˦ˡ
ɭԽǿӲסצӣذѽָϣҪ˦ˣͷýˮϡ

һ棬ģڽָڡ
ɭԽС۵׶Ⱦ˼Ц⣬ţԡ
ĮܲвһӶûС

ȥˣɭԽһڣˣҪǾˣ;ȥҲԡ
ãú档ɭԽ˸ͷһ䣬ٺȵơ

Уֱ汩ΪһֻЩΪ
Ϊͬ飬ѵ˰ģ״үҴȥ¡
Ŷ̵̹ϲɰһġ
ǣˡ

ԭ˾ʣɭԽɭԽϲ뿪֮ĿҲģֻܰؿ̨ϵŮ衣

˺һᣬɭԽӦӣۿȥûߣֱڶ档üһ˾ͺú÷ɣù˼ҡ

Ҳ̫ϲֵطʵ˵׿ƽʱ˽ԼһȽˣôˣҲûʲôǵŮ

ǵ̫̫𣿡һ䣬ΰǿԵġ

ǾƵζʵʣɭԽһھͷ¡ư¶Щߣ£طһԡĿӽ⿪һţһЩ
ѻ˵꣬ɭԽŵôҲ

ֻǾϲΪ̫̫˵ԣ̫̫ܺòԹȴװסѾΪ̫̫ı˺ܶ࣬ںŬһɷ

⣬ɭԽݣһУҲӵܹס̫̫ʱܣҪЩ̫̫Ҳ⡣

̸ⲻһɭԽǰλԼͻ˺ܶ࣬޹棬Ϊۣ˶ѡ

˵ͷЩ̾ο̫̫ܺܰ
ܣ˸е¶ȣǰġ

ҹѾˣƶ棬һ͸Ƶ

ңť»ۣ𣬻Ӿ£ƽϣǹոʺ
ЩվȣɭԽؿϣһӣָμһة࣬ҿˮ·Ǵ·

μһҿǲˡ

ļҵɵȱУҪ¼˵Ƶֲ֧Ѿóֻ

μһҲͷۣ˵ʵͦģôһ·óصýȻֵýˡ

ۣվãɭԽ᲻صغǳһƽʱܴΪľжãŷųȥһСʱƹһܻ

۲ͷۣͷƼɭԽһϹ
ɭԽɫһЩš

һӴܽɭԽĻģϹɺˣůӣůţҳԺöԵģԴס
ɭԽȱ֣Ҵط䡣

УҪŷ򣡡СԴϹ׬Ǯţ˧ֺãʹһֱ֮־ãҲ࣬һܼ֡

ɭԽۼֿס۵ͣûְѹ뷿Ȥ˵İãקֱۣǿа˶档Ҫ֣ǳһ䣬˵㶪ȥ

£ɭԽסˡ
ã
ܿƵشһã¶ġ

ɭԽסΰǳػһ㰡

ͷˣ۵жƵģΪʲôȻֳԵ˹ĬĬذƵһԴôãΪʲôҪȢ

䣬ͱμһšסˣôʰɭԽϹ𣿿ȣԣҼұôˣûãֲ˶ܸɳһҵģЩƽ˰


̱죬ĵ֣Ҿ벻ͨԴ翴ĵˣŮ˴ϵǣҲûʲô㡣

˼ҵĸů֪ʲô¡˵ˣɭԽΪˣ۹ȻԶǼۿ϶㿴ŵ㡣

˵ؽ˵ݡ

-

۰ΰ֮䣬оԼﱻι˺ܿĶۿȥɭԽڸ˯¡

ˣɭԽڵ˰ҹѾĵ㡣ǵһοۺֿЦģһҪĬԼţͰ˶ȥˡ

۴¿ҲƬüǵõ黹ǵá

ͱͿɭԽһԡҵ¡ڻŵϵζӦͣչûüԼ

ѣˡЩ飬Ҫȥϴϴ
ʵͷЩκģµòˣҲ˴롣

áɭԽ·ѵͷҡҡλεúţʲô绰ǰ̨

ޡ۵ͷԹԵɺáЩΣӦҲٶ۵úܡҲ֪ǲǻûȫѣǼģеޡ

ɭԽϴܿ죬ûüɾʹҴææ˯ߡ
ڴϣ˿ӣ˵֣ɭԽ

ţ
ҪӰɡ




56.     Ҳ

۵۵׻δȥĺ, ǳܵ´ڵƹ⣬, ƽ˼͡

ɭԽ˱Դ͵ԵĹ໹ģ

ʲôԡ
Ҳĵˣ˼ǰ̨ʱҵ޳ܣʱȻµòˣθտյģȴûʲôθڡ

Ǿ˯һᡣɭԽص, ز˹ë׵СԴﲻز, һĺ, һ̽˯, ϵ

֡Ѿĵ࣬Ҫٸȥ, һҹǶ˯

ɭԽ˵Ҫˡһǿ, ˯ֵָ»ȥ, Ÿո˵ĸ, ͱɭԽס֡

ƲƲ죬΢΢̧ȥƼıɭԽԳȵ۵ף, ģ

˵̫̫ۣɭԽȻҪ˰ԸҲԸô, ôα㲻֮

صصͷԴһЩκӣƽȶ棬ġ

лࡣɭԽѣһغ˵ţ᳤ܻƣҪڣСȻᾭ鴤

֪Ŭ㣬һԺҾͲˡ

ۣˣԺ󡭡

òͨȴһٶľܾ̲סˣ˯һ¶Լ毺õģûصɭԽ㵽

ɭԽ̲סѹȥݼ䴫ĵζͣһ룬ȴٴι۵⡣

ڴϵɭԽʮӵ飬ȴ˺ܶࡣ

뵽ϿԵ뵽Լûĸ뵽ԼʮµµΪ뵽Լûҵͽ飬뵽֮ǰΪĪܵί뵽˶Լİٰ㽿衣

ʲôҲûõֺʲôӵˡ

ֵͦģ˵ݾɭԽϣô˵ɭԽ޷ˣ庢һѾŲŵĸ

ɭԽˣʶҲôѣȴʶǰˣһֱҺܺ𣿡

ɭԽû˿ԥᡣ
Ժô죿
ɭԽŻСǾ͵ˣٺ˵仰

̫Զ飬ɭԽ޷šǾ͵ȵǶˣٺ˵һӣܺá

Դ˼һֱȥˣһˣ߲ˣ
ɭԽѾֲˣذë¡滹ǼԸеĵ¶ûֻСС

Сģ֪Լ˿жջ˫§ɭԽĲӣǲŵĸĴݼĳһһ͡Ҳͳ׷ܲȻⲻҪͶ߼

ɭԽѿյߣţȴɫһ䣬ܡ
ѾٵһᡣҲˣڼô졣

۲˵ɭԽȥ磬ϸϸļڲסɫǰ¶Щİ𪣬ĺ˶߼£ǴɫԽĴۡ

᲻ɫع˹ɭԽ۱͵ſļϣŻһ

е컾ƣɭԽԼϴǹζѹҪ˶ȥĳ嶯ȴ̲ס͵͵ѵһۣ

ٸ߻ܣƺ̫һԵƿײײȥ

ɭԽֻôæذѳ£һ߻ųһȥ۱ͰϵظŻðΣѾθĶͿһ͵ڵϡ

ɭԽһ˳ˮűӸڣˡ

ǵһֳЩζȴʰֲо֡ڵϵ۰ᵽϣۿۺòװŰ·ӿۺá

ΪС㣬ݳҲһ⡣ƣԺ󶼲ɲٱһ

ۡ
ϵ˻ڲϵֻһ뵽ղŵĳ̲סЦ

̫ˣôҲǸϵϰ壬СͱΪСŵˣĲ£û뵽ϡһԹذ¡

Ȼǹƽģ϶ǾɭԽ֮ǰ̫˳˳ˮԵҸ˺úõĥ

񣿡ɭԽɫЩڣȻûϷ˼һ㣬ս˵ġ

ûûСܲ˵˱ӣĥôãȴֳٳٵûн뵽ϷɵŭһĥҶ˯ˣ

ɭԽΪģĻϲ𣿡
ϲӰС۵ˣ

ɭԽŬ۾Լˣ˻ط˸ԼڱҺ

ûҹˣһֶ֪ͨ˽ôףͲʱᵽҪӵ顣

û˶ر۾ո˯⣬Ͷһֻ֡

󣬱ᵽµҲ㡣



̫ʹˣҲŲǡ
Ұˡ

-

ȵĺǣֱ˯˵ڶһ͸оðǣɭԽ·ЬŲȥ

˶Ѿˣ͵ˡμһոĺƬƼۻǼûԷؤɵؿǻʲôڳ

ۼѵĶջһ䣬ֻ᲻ԴҪĽҸС̹ԡ

ôˣû̸Ҳûܹζ۾ãμһҸ˯һˡֲǹʱлŮҲһҲá

ҿɲ뺦ˡɼҪˣǸС̹ƾˣҽ˽һһһƶظġ

Ŷ͡۲ĵطһ䣬ҪԼϽת˻棬Ҫ˵ԽǼɵԽܹԼ͵ڣʲôʲôҪʲôǾ.ֲǳصġ

֮μһ˵ͷһȥԣ

ⷽҿԸ㴫ھ飬õһǴȡ䲻رһ⣬۲ŤͷȥɭԽ΢۾

ԷҪ˵ɭԽһ䡣
㬵صͷͷʼŬԼĶӡ

Ե⡣ɭԽǻᣬѾԵòˡǹۼ̸ֻԽԽҲû취޶á

μһѾֲˣֻһ뵽ղɭԽԼϵ񣬾ĬĬǱŲһ㡣

ֳһ칷һ⡣

ƾʲôǵҲ˧ҲǸܰôûдƵСŮ԰εذأʵڲУҲ԰Ҫ󽵵ôˣЩŮϹ

Ͳ£μһţҪǾͻϷ

ֲûҪ㲻̰ͬŤ䲻رμһ£˵˵㣬Ի

³
Ҳ³һ



صȻһռҡ

һ̵ز˻ƿſϿԵݵش¥
۸ϽӭȥԵ裬ɫãǲ岻

û£Һֵû⣬ҲСͯ¡Ե˵̾һֹסԹһ䣬˵СͯòϲһǼֲںԷΣԼͬˡ

Ͽ˵һͬҵ˵ˣ䲻ǼСͯȻɼӲڵᣬЩмͷأ

˵ЩʲôãСͯ϶ˡ㷴ô˼ҲҪǼСͯԵ˵һԵضϿԹǮʲôãСͯ𣿡

ĬĬˣһԸλһˮҲСͯ޹ֻǸ£ǾҲﲻ˶١

οǿʱһϳɵģҲԼƢҪǿӲĻֳָʲô顣

裬Ⱥȵˮɡ۰ѱӵݵϿԵǰȰһ䣬СͯҲСˣԼᴦá˵Сͯôãֻᣬõˡ

ⲻͬ𣿡Եǵúܣһۣɵõ㶮Щ⺢ûΣҲĵúܡ

߳ģСţίںˣΪһʧǵġϿһ

ʲôҹߵģƽ㲻ҲһţԵһߵɷ͵ˣ˻ǵ˵

ֻЦЦ˸СһĶ죬Ȱһ䣬裬ǾͱˣһȰСͯġҲһʱЩܲˣӾͺˣʲô⡣

ֻͯô˲ϲһкӣҪһʱ䶼óˡϴθͯ绰ǹﻹֵġ

ˣСͯ㡣ۣɵúúõؿСͯԵ뵽ʲôס۵֣ҲǣҲòĲԼ顣ɭԽҲʮˣͲСˣҶ˺üˣʲôʱһ׼ţ

򴽣һůůЦӦûк¡
ɭԽܹĻ




57.     ֻۣһ

ϸ, ڷɭԽ⣬ˡڼ̫, Ȼӵͣƽʱûʲô˶

ҪĻˣԼ廹ԸһСһӪ

㱸ˣԵЩ⣬Ϊ۵ӣôҲꡣϾɭԽ֮ķ޸飬˵ʵ̫

ţ費߶ҪҾͺɭԽŬŬЦӵ£漱, ЩŬһһ, ⻹ǵÿ

Ҳ, ǻ, ϽѺӵŮ˵ʮҪӣҲһָ
Ե, ʹ˾ϣкӡ˼ҵĶˣֵ, Ǽҵúܡ

ҲЩڴ, ҪһСɭԽ, ǸʲôӡӦòǸһɣȻʱͰСƨȥˡ
һҪŮɱ

˵ʲô, кŮǼۡԵЦһ֣Ů, һһɭԽӣЩƵģ

⵹ǡ
ΪͬԵɭԽĹæɣҪæĻ㻳ڼסҲУҲչ㡣

ҡҡͷɭԽǸӣôܷ˵ġ˵ˣסﲢǺڡ

ԵҲǿʱð̸ЩóԵģÿʼСһøС˵һ㰲Ÿ顣ŮӰúܣҪעúܡ

ϸţȷǲġʲôУʲôʡֻΪǻк࣬ȴû뵽һܹϣҲҪ㹻ˡ

ԵеģŸո˵£ȥҽԺ顣

ûͦģ۸ոմҽԺԵһ绰Ҵææظ˱

һţһ߸ɭԽһš΢̧㿴ڳվŵϡʱԵʹкֻʱæҲûʱ䡣

°ˣ۳Ǳ߹ȥľ룬մҽ

ǰ°ࡣմСôų籦ͷһۣ˳һƿţ̸ʱ򲻻˵Ҫ𣿡

㲻֪Ů˱ȷ黹𣿡ػһ䡣ӦǼͷˣȹʱһЩȥҲһ㡣

֪ˡ˺ţʾȥ֮ǰ˵ҪҳԷղײա

ʵǺ˵Է
һûǮҲ

ҳԷʲô£ϲɷ˵ģֱӰһҪܳƵ˵һ䣬ûǮҲҪȳˣɭԽ˾СȰðһ㣬Ҳ˺Ʊ

𣿡û²ۣȴһӱϹϣʻϳӺ̽ԴղŵĻ⣬㲻Էñ˴˶ûθ𣿡

ϰѰȫϵãƫͷһģʬҶܳԷο㡣

ΪʲôҸоң۾仰еֵֹģǾģ˵

ûɵ֮ǰڵǣͲҪһɵ꣬ǸһϿ˳ؿһֵ

۷˸ۣҪǿڿҶҪһȭйͷ֮ޡֻ߷߲ƽظͷɭԽ״

ۣ[㵽ôѵģûһʱʱ̿ҪŪĳ嶯]
ɭԽ[֮Ľ㲻ͬ]

ҪԼ̸ߣƽˡҪƽܹ͹ԵóǵԽ

ɭԽ[۸ˣ]
ۣ[ϻĴμҲ۸ң]

ῴϣͶúܣȹ˺ˬ˵˺Դܵˣ˵ҪμһʲôЩûϵ԰׵£Ҳ֪

ɭԽ[ַȥ㡣]
ۿһǰͷϣȥĳԷ

֪ģΥҲɣһ١ҲΪʲô֪ɭԽһ¸㻨Ǯɲ١

ϰѳһ۲Ϥ·ϣ٩һ䣬ǸСţ

ûǮˣŵ㣬˾Ͱϴ롣˵滰ⲻǸմƺͻҲ˲٣ⶼû꣬廹طҪȥкҲˣǸˮƽƬͷƬģƷڳͱɸ

ܼҹЦһ䡣ҲϹɭԽȻ˭

صһʽ꣬۲⣬ϵһѣֻĬĬظԼһ˾

ϻֻǹԼдʲô͵ʲôƼ²ߣǵû˿ΣǷܵذοһ䣬㲻Щֻίȥٵ


Ѿ˵ˣϾ岻ͬ޷

û̯ƣϿûôģ۾Ϊһٷ

̯ʲôֲûġȻζس˾ԲĿ⣬һ䣬ǺܺãҵĸҰҵĻǲһֱ˵

һΪ߽ͬΪοȻһŮɵĸоӡﻹǸ㵽ɽ첻Сƨһζˡ

Ͳ˰ɣ̣ʱֲźáۻԴմҽǴģ

ǰɡϵƼſڽӰüûˣҪɭԽ۹һȥ

أ

ۻΪֻ˵˵ѣû뵽ɭԽһ˻Ŀʼ۹ȫĴڡ

˽˻ģԼһμ顣֪ΪʲôͻȻԼЩࡣ䣬һ氮

˼ң۽ɭԽû

ȷȡŮ𣿡۰һȦͲӣɭԽߣֻʵĽѾã˼˵Ϊ

ɭԽһĪ񾭵ۣҪʵжͣ

Ϊʲôÿμ涼һϧĸо۲˴СǱΪ顣ⶼˣǱ˷ֶ˺üˣôôã

Ϊ̽ӽ㡣ɭԽһ˴ɳϣμһһ
һӣҲûжܹ

۸ң㶼ûҡ
ĵظɭԽ˵ַΪ˻Լһӡû뵽˳ˮۡ

˼˱ԼɭԽֻ˳㣡
ô
֮ǰΪ˹˳·ץ飬ɭԽΪ˹˳ȥ

ʹ˻ûţൣ㡣ɭԽ۵Щɵ´Ұ㡣

۾һֵصô



㿴¿ˮ˵ľҲˣǰЩ껹ùѹ꣬ﶼûٴ

ٺɭԽ⣬ۼ滮Լҵμһȥ˳ĻҲĺá

ʣµľǺˣƵǿԵģǸ߶һĺPͼʲôģļֻһ㡣

һŵԣһɭԽιʳͻȻݹһԴζĶüϺȣʲô

ġ

۵£ɭԽϡǰ˵ҪӣǱ߻ҩ׼ˡǿ˵㣬ֻǰˣŲôܡ

ǳǳسһڣǿɬζڴݼɢЩθƿɭԽϵʳһŻ÷ȥŰǹζѹȥ

ҺȲˣ¡۴˴Լؿڣ֭˵ʲôٺˡ
ûϣͱڵ޿

ð̸ŵǣ

ҩǿģŲǡ̴ӳ߳׼Сڲ輸ϣЦŵ̫̫ҧһҧͺˡȹһᰡٳЩСѹѹζ

ԹؿɭԽ̣һԵȫ¡ζɬúܣѹĺ治ϲµģƵŻȴ²κζ

Щ⻹ǻǰĿʼ׼ѾôѰˡĵôһСʮ£ǲǵÿ춼ĥ

ɭԽĺ󱳰ţʵܾͲˣҩ

һ𣿡ҲǼԼɩӺȵҩüֶǿģûʲô

ǰⶼþġڿһ㣬ȵ̫̫һЩָ߶䣬ʱˣʰȥ

С鶼ûУ˼룬ӳɭԽǱߵȥȵؽס֮ŵɭԽΪʲô㲻ܰһУ

ɭԽͷⶼǿġƽʱЩҩٰƴǣ쵹Ǻˬ졣
±ˡɭԽһᷴҡ

ʶؾԲɭԽźȹӡ
ǳ̫񺮵ض˶һصˣҾŮͦõġ

ɭԽҲСιŻĴͯͳᣬֻۣһΡ

һӣֻʹһξ͹ˡ




58.  ʷ   ˰ߣĶ

˴, 䣬ΪůøһЩû뵽Ÿո³, ѾС

һˣƵϺãμһҲպõˡ

شһ˫ɫЬμһʳȥĿⶼûԼɵССĳԴףôרע⼸캰ҲԼһ˶û˼

ʱеæҰƵŪ, һú㡣Ӧһ, ָһƵ, ߱ݹһɿҡҡͷ, ʳ

Ϊ˱Уÿ춼Ȳ, ζ嵭ȥҲǰ⣬ɭԽܳ

а, ҾΪѵһѻٸμһջ, Ьߵɳ, Ϲ

ʱ䲻æɡ

μһ˿ʱ䣬磬ܺͽСʱɭԽǰ, һʰԼкۼ뿪ţһߵۣûо, ͵飿

۶һۣ˵֣£ģҺֱҶɻûȤ

μһĶãΨǰ̫ƽ̹ǰڷʱľţ̶ȥˣҲûôء͵ˣҲֻܷ

ޣزƽƽ¡μһԼķɻһԹش˴۵ļ򣬡ֵ¡

ҲҪԼжܲǰ涼һɡȻϸȵģⷽȷһӲˡ

ҷֲˣҪʵҪ¡ҽԺһˡμһԴĵصҵǶηһ㣬ҪȥԼࣿ

ҲҪ̫ˣμһֱӾܾƽҲϵĺ˵ֲûС̹ʱȿȿȡ

˳ȻҲ㡣ۼģıʼǱҰĵƵһ£Ͱ֮ǰ㷢ǸĵŪ

μһһСȥίԭҹģһΪ㼸ûˡ

۶񺮵ض˶壬ΪʲôÿνɭԽһҪȥӡڻμһҲ벻˽顣

ˣ㻹𡣡غһμһùԣһĻǱ˾Ȼ˻ɴΪҲûš

Ūʲô
ûʲô뷨ˣΪμҵĴС㣬ǾͻԵˣֲʮˣǸŬҪҪҸ󣬻֡

˺ǱӦû񣬵ʱһһʲôʱɡ
ʱ䣬ۺɭԽҲûرǱһεƵʣܻܲϱ⻹ĵÿ

ǵĹأμһǵõģص㶼滮ˡⶼˣʱҸů͵ĵطɳ̲񲻱ͬһ

Ū֤ȥʱ䶼ˣоաȵ죬úõ¸ףɭԽͬȥΡ

˵ģҪǵʱΪϹҪңҾҧ㣡

˶˵ҪȻɫѡңһӵʱɭԽ

˵μһҲȷˣĵʱˡǵ˵ɭԽһͻȻչʱָ

͵ſڣһԵԵȷƣ룬ҲѹɭԽÿϰһ̬ҲôѾϰˣҪǻҪؼҡ

˵ԣ۴̣ܽʲôóԵģ

㣬ģˡ㰮ģ̾صġиЩˣЩ̫嵭оЩˡ

ҲЩΣ˵Ŀζһһǰ۸ոռ޹ʱ򣬾ΪζֹͬüΣ滹ɭԽЭˣֻҲǿԼ˵Ƿֿġ

ϻɭԽҲСˣϴСĻðһûµĵһ졣Ǹ˿Ŀζֱӵһģ

ЦЦǹˣ֪֮ܲദ̫̫Ҳ˵˵ʵúܡҲǣֻǿȥ䣬İչŵġ

̣ҲûҪˣһΧϡ

̫̫ôͻȻˣ
СЩ˶ôˡ̫̫ѧ滹˺üβǿǿܳԡ

ԡ
ɭԽᣬܵѧѧһôҲһİɡ

-

㻹ûɭԽѾе顣صңպڵķˡ

Ӧϴ裬С˵ġţ̣˿ŵûͷţ̣ɭԽҪҪҲȵţ̣

ҲáɭԽ׹ԱߣѾ˱ӣתϸ㱻§סԼĲϡ

Դ˿ᣬ򵥵ǣȴ㹻ö

۵ϻŵıɵζɭԽ°ʹļͷЩƣر˱ۣûµĻȥ˾ҪƵԴϱʼǱ

һĹʵ̫Լһθˡֻʱ䣬ȷԽԽۡԣ۰ߣĶš

Դϰ壬Ϊ˾CEOȥǲǲ̫ʣ۹֣΢΢ͷ˵Ķͷ

ǲ̫ʣϰԡ

۶⻰⣬ְظԼıȡΪϰȥսôûҵģȻְԱôǹͷġ

˵ģսüٿ˹ɭԽһһС

ô򶼲㻨˶СǹҲ°Ϳա


ϹˣǰǸɭԽˣȫһʷÿ춼ҪԴ׵֡

СǹϹ͹ˡ˳ë䲻ĲӱɭԽҧһ¡ҶҲֻһ£Ҳۡ

μһˣɭԽһϵʳЩҲֻμһԡ

ҼƵģûҶĶҲû¥
ҲѹμһôģǰܻȥˡڿɭԽ̬ȣѡӭȫдˡ

Ҳ̫˫ˡָɭԽѻŵţ̷ŵϣɭԽ˸룬֮ǰ̻ʱҶû˵ʲôôҴҹ۾ͲУ

̲㡣ɭԽ䣬֮ǰļüͷ΢ŵ壬ĬĬذ̼˺ԺҲ

ܺãײɭԽ
۲ӻĬĬغԼţ̡

ȳԷɭԽʢС뷹ٺȵ㣬ûе˯ĵ㡣
ûθڡ۴ߴһ㡣
ɭԽһۣҲ˻Լԡ

һ⣬ɭԽɫͱ˱䡣ζ˵ǺܲֻǴζ̫ѹסԭе𣬳ͻ֡

óԣ

ɭԽֳģζһ㣬ţ̽ʧˮ׼

ĬĬذΨһûжֵӼƵɭԽǰŶҺͰһġ




59.  ѳ   㲻͹

۾Ĳܹ, ϾҲһλǺɭԽҹʱ򣬾, Ҳһʱ䡣

һҲ֪òóԣԶһû㶯ꡣҲһ㣬ڻ

ɭԽƽԭǵʧֱ׳صѾѧˣͲܸҵʱ𣿡

ɭԽ򴽣治ɫسǰ⣬, ҲҪͻݡЩ, ûҪȥѧ

ǧ˵ö, žġʱһٻ, ³£ѧҲûϵ

Ŷ, ֪ˣòó¡۲˲, ۽, , »£ȻǼһҰ㡣



ɭԽͻȻоЩͷۣһۻϷۣʦ˵, һ㶼ۣѧϰʦ, Ӧ

ĪԼһӵ۱һ˲ЦѳԣҪɭԽƳָųžȥҽԺ
㲻æҲţڼҸ㵱ĸã

Ҳ̫ϲĸɭԽһǳüȾżů⣬ۣ㲻Ҫȥѧκģ

һ޳ҲãϽҲáǧ˵ãɭԽǧ˶Ҫá˲ҪжôҪ

˵ġһ˲ֱܿѹȥˣҿǴͻݵģ㲻õġҪԺҺóˣô죿

Ժ󣿡ɭԽôʣ֮ǰҲǡ

õ֮ǰǻͦڿȻֻһݲŵĹôҲˣõ˹ʡ

㣬óҲԡԼǮ㹻ӻܼҲԣ׬Ǯҡ

۽Ͱ͵ذŲ˹ȥϹá

ϱǳǳһڣɭԽüסˣȴѾˣԴϹϽԷٲԾˡ

컵ٴαƣɭԽһֱã۲̫Ȥ֡ǰ䲻ؼйţ⣬оԼθʹۣԺ³

Ϊʲôòó𣿡ۿɭԽôĵĸͲ˵һ䣺ˣˡ

ЩС˵涼ŮѳԡҲʮ˵һ䣬ܺóʲôġɭԽͲûѡдˡ

ҾұȽࡣɭԽ¿ӣشֻ
ǰЩڸ۾ˣõıȻǸ۵̲衣

ô࣬ôһ㰡Ȼ˷ѡһأɭԽҲͳڷ

ɭԽסըëСȭͷһֻֻ滮ţԺҪ³

˾Ͳ˵
ط˸ۣת¥ɭԽ׳Բԣ

ԣ

سһ̵ۻһ̲裬ԱӶԲĹĵģŵ·ߡ

ָɭԽʰӣۻ˼ҪҪʳʲôģԵĵ绰˹

ι۰Сͯûϵ㣿ԵЩСͯһֱûϢƽʱˣûи˵æʲô

˵ҲһʱûյͯϢˣһκܣ˵ǵʦһĿʱ䶼æ

Ҳ֪ͯеѧҵԼȥĴ㣬ҲֻҪúϢûôȰ
֮ǰ˵ڸʦæĿСͯǱϵˣ

ǰҽһֱ绰û˽ӡ˵˽ؼҵģһϢԵòУۣҲͬѧҪϢ˾͸衣һ㶼ϵϣʵǵġ

Уʡȱ𼱣һϢҾ͸绰

ɭԽոհӲɾ˵绰ͯˣ

ţһ̡üģͷúúõ˵˵ͯⶼǶˣ»ôŵ鲻ãҲúͼ˵һôԵ޹ʵҲˣöൣġ

̵ǻ켣ȦӵˣСʱ͸۵ַһҾư棬ͯѧУ

ܵĶӣɭԽͬһţӣɵõһ䣬ȥҽԺһ£

ģû֣ҾǳԶˡڲŸոսôҲܻϡ

ɭԽСšһ˴˳ϵȫʱ򣬲ɵ̾һҲŬ𣿡

µԵϸ裬ҵס˵ˣ¶û㵱ĸô׻ϡ

һξеǶ΢΢Ŀԣ˵ҲŬ¡ɭԽҲһΣû

ɭԽҲᣬȷԵһк࣬Ҫ˵ĺӣȴֲΪʮµ

ǼҿͯѧУԼĪʮӵ·̡Ѿˣ·ûôĳһ·ͨ

ҡ˳ɭԽϲ˶ĵطοǾưɡǸƹһΣ㹻

¸Ҵ绰

۵˵ͷ˾ưɣŸôˡұһۿȥͶĿúܡͯذڿʱϣۺߣһԱĴ磬Ӧְ

˵ϷԱ˲ٵĿ⡣ͯԱߵǼͬѧҲͼˡκͯȭڴһײϣҲû˸̫֡

С㡣ʱۼؿۣĬĬذͯԼؿڵָȥ鷳ѧȥһҪ

УܱǸǰקקͯﻹߣͷֹҪˡۼֿؿסһ⡣

ֱͯӺȫƳЩ۵ףվ᲻ãḧ˸ԴСͯԣؼҡ

㣿ͯԴز۵ļ˼ڣȷ֮󣬲ʳ㣬ͷۣܡ

һľζҲ֪Ǻ˶ٵľơ
Ǹؿһۿʱ鷳ˡ

ûϵʱһȻҲûйĻûٿһͯתߡ

̬ҲѹͯôܡƽʱڼﶼǱϵģⷼһˮգϲĻǸô䵭֮ľ룬ѾԶԶֹô򵥡

ǸԱߵŮڷˣͯĽ𣿡

ţҲˡ۵˵ͷͯǰſļϺߺģȴûʲô

ûû£ʵǲã֪ͲӦôưɡҲû뵽Ůæ˰֣˵ֲ˵ˣ֮ǰͯһֱ˵㣬ǼˡǸղŻΪأе㳤ò̫񡣡

ϵЦݵһЩǳְֶһ㡣ȴˣǺú棬˻ͷҸǱ

òãǵľۻᡣŮһЦ

ҲûôѣϻһͯȻ㲻Ϻأչġ

˴˾ưɣֱҲûǰˣôͯţؼҰɣСͯܵסڿͷһ㲻ɣ

ϾǼңûˡɭԽԼռʶǿ֮ǰֻ̣һ¥¥˽˿ռشҲֻ͵͵μһȥһΡ

ͻռң
ɭԽǲġ

Ҳû취һ߷ŶŸԵһߵؼ˲У϶ʣСͯʱϲ

һ¥мͷ
ɭԽЭˣܴؼң¥ȴԲȥ

һ¥ͷҲȫеĶСƽʱ̴ɨ˶Ϣһ£Էɾúܣһɺܵζ

ͯ򵥵ز壬һԼ˯¸ϡﱻˣ˰챧һ߿һǸСһ

ۿЦãĺ󱳣ãû۹⣬ǼСͯõģʧ

ûˡͯأҲôϲˡ

ġظᣬ㻹Сʱ仹ܻҵһ㣬Ҳϲкӡ

ھֻϲͯԽ˵Խίſ۵ļϿš޵ˣ۾ɬˣų˯ȥ

۰ϴǺñӡڴ߸һյƣŻطϴ衣

ˣɭԽֱ֣
Ҳ֪ô˵ǰ˰ɣֻʱСͯܶôġ

ʱһֱǼңɭԽעĵԲͯѲѹϾԣֻһɵˡ

۲ͷСͯûɣô

Ҫμһ˵ͯǴСͶɭԽʮֵľηҲûʲô飬ɭԽ鿪ʼѾʮϵغ˽ˡ

Ҷû⡣ɭԽЩüֻһ뵽ӵеģΪ㱧ƽ

ˣСʱ򣬺ܲϲͯûֻΪϿԵƫġӹΣ׾ײʦΪ˻עǣͯʲôӵ˵ƫ

ǣǶ˵۵õģ̫ˡҲɭԽãӵеģࡣ

ɭԽ㲻̫̰ˣһӵôáɭԽ°ͣЦ㲻͹𣿡




60.     ڳԴ

ҲûԼ, иԡֻɭԽ̫ˣõٲƽСֻҪһɭԽ, Ѿ㹻ˡ

׬Ǯңò绨Ҫǣһȥ߲ʵˣԸΪΣѧϰôȥ˵ٸһʱ䣬۾ãɭԽѾ㹻ˡ

ҪСǹˣɭԽǰۣ˫ÿ۵ŻЦ, ǸСåһ

й, ֻ𡣡
۾ǰ, ɭԽ˵Сˡº, ԴɭԽ֪СǹСִ̹ʣͿʼ

μһ˰, ⲻԼˣеĿû㱨, ɭԽѾ·µġ

ǿ㡣ɭԽԵǡ
, ô, 治ˡȻѾɭԽӣеĳ谮ֻñĽ

ȴƫͷһ㱻, ˵ģ̫ˡСͯòϲһһǡҿƼ, Сͯ޳ûʲôӦ

ߵøɴҲĮСͯʶһΪǮԸϷȴԸͯһġ

ҲСӣ㲻ΪġɭԽȴɡոϴ裬ڻſյȵʱ

۲ֻſؿϡðΣ֣סɭԽĲӣƵľԺˣǱ𳳼ܡ

˱˵Ĳף۲ʶԼжˡ˵ɭԽǴŵζɭԽϲҲ޵ˡ

㲻С
ɭԽĻܣһʲôܲ˵ġǵɭԽԼȥ

˭ǰô˽ġ˵۾֪Ҳһˣôôֱӳ

ҵ·ֻͰٰôģԴϰ۹ǶأЩӵ벻𣿡

ɭԽҲ죬ôԹȵ˵ˣĵصһ䣬ҪҪˮ



۷֣ɭԽһбɱġȰȰȵ˵һѣûһһ㷴Ӧ㡣Ǹе̬һԼڳϷĸо

˵ˣɭԽֱ۱Ȼ˸ƣϡ
ˣ
룬ͷĿǰ뵽Щ

˵˵ҶĺáɭԽãбҪ۵ѡԼ䡣ǼĲãö֮û׼һֻǡ

Ҳ˵۲Ȼر
ɭԽҲֻǵһ䣬ۣûġ

ԺҶһ㡣С˵زһɭԽϴ¸Сϱ

ɭԽһۣۣǶ𱨡
ҪٳķɭԽãԼ˵θܲˡ

Ǿ͡
úôߡɭԽκʱ򣬶Ҫߡ
ۣҪģֻЩ

ɭԽҪģ
ˣѡ

-

ͯһ˯磬ȵԺʱ򣬲ŷԼһİĵطоȥȴײۡ

ˣù緹۸ϴ֣Ϳͯżæŵشӷܳͷģûд

۵׶µģ͵ۣðβŻع㡭

ôҲϴܳˣʧЦǰ˯£һԵϴƷ

뻹ǲģͯȥȴͻȻסۡһʼ˺ޣؽ㣬ˡ

ֲܣʱ֪绰𣿻ǰһͰ̾һͯԴ

Сһˣģ⿼˶û޵ôĹһΣӦǺܾòŻ߳ˡ

˵ڱУң½˵Ұ¡

޵̫ףͯǳǳشá鶼ϣؿһһģȥͰ͵ġ⣬ƽʱ۾Щףڿһϣֻ۾ǺһۺЦۡ

Ļᰭ¡˵˻ûϣʲôʧЦͯȥˢëȻ绰赣һϡ㰡ԺҪȥưҲԣǵúͼ˵һ

šͯƵӦһͷëԼ׵۾غŽ㣬۾ۡ

֪Ժ󻹸𣿡Դͯľûصװ·ȥԷȻؼһǴ

һ𡣡ͯǲԸؼҵġ̫ģеʱ򷴵һָѹ

ҲУҽҪƵҪǾģҾ¥Щ飬㿴ӰҲԡ

áͯͷ۵·ȥԹԵشһк̺á

СͯЦЦкͯҲ̫㰮ʲô̫̫Ŀζһ㡣Ҫǲϲٸ

ûϵģҲʳʲôҾͳʲôͯһۣƫζġζڣ˳Բ˱̬Ķʲôܳԡ

һڷͯŲһ㣬㣬ס𣿡

ססһ¥Ǹ԰ɣ
Ҫͯȥ治ġԼţҲʡôҹĻȫ

Ҳ޵ģҾ½ҡͯ˵ЩɵҪһؼң

ǻԴᣬھͱЩסס㣬ɭԽǾš

䣡ͯϵƨ

ȴЩͷۡ
ͯͷúɭԽˡ

ͯһǺü죬ѧУǱҲû˼ˡµĿŸտʼͺ͵ʦ˼٣˺һ

Ҳڵ뷨״̬ôȥѧУҲֻ˷ʱ䡣صصĻһЩʱȻָЧҲһ㡣

ҹɭԽϵʱ߹ʮһ㣬鷿Ųű˴ƿ

⼸춼ˣ°ˡֻ۵ʱҲ¥Ǹ˿˯ʱŻĺһ£ű˯

һ컹ãⶼһڣͯҲûлȥĴ㡣Ҳ֪ǧǸʲôѧٶô⡣

ô˻칫һ߲ͷһһţ̡ɭԽǱ߿һۣһĵȫӢģ

ˣɭԽģӹϵţ̣һζŨζҲأһǲȵġ

ţ̸ۼææӡҲѸ٣һζʣ

ܺȣɭԽѵԹˣ䲻ؾͱ۸˵ʪͷϣġЩӦһЩ룬˴ëһƿȲͷ

ָָӣȥһţ̡

㲻иãݡ

ͻȻЦ䷳˹ȥҲںɭԽĳϸָȤڳԴ𣿡




61. []    ۣտ

Լϵ, ۵״ŵЦÿĴ, Ķҫۡ

ɭԽ˳ü£ܵӦһš

۲ͬϾСĸйҲȥʲôʲôģĳ˹עʲôģΪ²ԼϷϾɣһȫ

ֱʶ, ̫ϲһ, ŻԼ벻ռǺ޲ð۵糹׵С, СֻһˡԵ, ޹ؽҪ˶ѣݵ÷ע

ֻۻ̫, վԼͬ

Դˣһڣص, , һζ, ϵǴŹֻ˴𣿡

ɭԽְʪҵͷã˳ëããȥҲܡ

ת˸, ֱɭԽĴȡҲ㹻㹻ڡòɭԽĻشҲ⡣ˢ˵ֻ, ˳ķ̡

ֻ΢ûУȥҲһЩ칫ֻһҳȴһϤС顣

㿪һֻһ飬׷ǱNPģɫģ滹಻˶˷½ʾѾ

ˣȥˣ

ѹ˵εķ£ôʶԭɭԽúõѧϰһ̼úܣҲЩڡϾŮָûôǿ

ȵȣ

ͻȻ뵽ľǲص㣬׷޻᳡ټϸŰҪǣʮֵı

ָصţ۸Ȿɾˣ߾ʹɭԽɾһûꡣ

㿴ʲôһϴϰ忴С˵ú𣡡
ˣͲӦðɭԽҪһһ磬Ļ

㲻Ǻϲ𣿡ɭԽǰ治֪ϲֵģȷе㣬Խܡ

ԴǵҡͷͣС˵ȻˬϾͲ̫СϹĲС

˵ˣֲ⡣Ǿ鰡ιŰŰǧٱ飬Ȼڳɹ׷޻᳡ŮĻ俪컻˯УȻɶдҲͦеġ

ĲϲɭԽ΢Ķ⡣ǲѧϰϾ֮£۱˴˶ǳΣڴ֮ǰҲûκεľ顣

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