=================================================================
ںţ...Դ.⣬С˵㲥磬ӰԴ΢ale202203ԴȺ

΢@԰
ƷԻͼ,˲κθݰȨУ24Сʱɾ
==================================================================

ߣ
һ 
Ϲû˻Ӷҧ֣ĪҲ⡣ⲻظµ˳͢͵һĪƵ־ͷˡ
ҹ¹Īָ乴һ𻨾ƣظݶȻŽ
𻨾üΪ㴼ĪƵĴݼ˹ĵ,ҲůϾֱֱ֮ӣͷ˺еľƣֽվƺȵصؼҵݼϣһԾϢظԺһڰС
ˣ׶ֱᳵ·
Īһ԰ŵһµϵʯӣûõټظûһҹþ˾סһ㡣
ĪƷһ˿ɻȻδȴҲûҴ⣬ŵزؽظͶİӰУȥ
ʵ˵֮ӦڻʹУ߶ǿ͸߹٣ĳȴϹصؽһ͸˾ǵı̡ؼҡһٶŪǲ֪İս񴫵񣬾ϵչ۸Ҳ
ؼֵúܣҹŶùϣɫӹܣڣשһĹ
Īƽ͵͵ȥЩ˼ֻ߳ϡĳȴϷŵһľгĵòôѰӶ˵ҹ飬ͬһСС°㣬ںɢĵĹ⡣
Ī΢΢һļʶһ۾֪ҹֵƣƵԾ˽Ų̤֮С
ܿļĪ΢һЩ˵̤¹ǰĺӣָǿҹϣɢһ˿ָ˹
һ˾ûҵҲֵˣĪš
ָԹҹ£ϵϸµĵȻ󻬵ͭʵ۴ĪƵֽ⿪ۣи̧ΪµĺװЩ䱦̫ϧˣؿ澹ǿһ
һ¡
ĪƿǺӿտյڲԭƬ̣üͷȻ̧ɵ¿ۺúӣžһ죬ȴǸպĳĽŲֻһ˵һȴڲµڶ
΢ĽŲٴʱĪƶԭأȻͣһ¡ûͷǽŲҲûٴδ֪ĳվҲûŭĿҲգۺȭͷͻк
Ϊô꣬ĪƻδʧֹԸ׽¶û飬Ҳ֪ǲǳûԵʣôù
ĪƵ˰Ҳʲôҧҧתſ˵ЩЩǷǡ
תĪȴǼһӣɿһеɫۣŴſӳ¹⣬ϵһ˫ƽĪƣŭ
ĪƻȻֻһ˲侹ƵĿв԰ΣֱƻȻ𣬼ʹڽɷ˵ؽˣѹסļãĪƸҪҲ֪ǱǸһסͶʣһ˫ۺգš
ʱӾͲĪƵԣǰĵľãɫƳǾ΢΢ЦԵļһơ
Ǽ͵ͷӦһĪʵҹظ֪кιɣ
סĪ͵ֻɿĪһҧҧǣõı֮ʣȴӵĹŹЦݱ˻ȥһӲ£ҹйײع˽ôؼ⾰»׼˿ˣ
ŵЦ۾Ǽһơ
й䣿˵ţҿӾǸ֮ͽǼͼʵ
ĪƷ˸ۣżϵսƤʹУƳΧŵļͣô˵ܹǵУҪҪ㡣
򷣵ҲڡҡҡͷһŵӣȻЦúһŹ֣ӼȻҲÿֻȥҼӡһ
Īһɵϴ󣬲ҪˣʲôƣȴǱΪӵ
δĪͷȥĵŵһӼ㣬ĵƻŷӵŵġոձϸסһɫ͸覴ãϵŵŵɲǶǼϡƷ
Īֻ̫ƳһۣĿ޷ǿƿˣ˳Ŀͷһ壬Цɵֽ̧ժ£ĪϵӣС
Īٴ˵кָͬҹһıһͬϮײò֪롣عʱͳ֪ټֻ˼ͻڣͷǸؿĪһۣ˵ӳȥ
Īһ
ûԥĪƻֵ죬ظȥ
ͷǼǵıӰԶתغԺȿŵķǰͣס˵ӣˡ
ȵͷӻʾȥعƽֻʣϵҡҷţȶ۾ű㽫Ϩˡ

ڶ 

ڶտ쵽ʱĪƲŶеصԴ߽βĹƷ
ӴĪӡ
ƷǸְСӣһź
Ȼôڣȴƫƫϲñ˶ͷͷ˵ŵòȴԲⲻһĪƽˣæżϵİĨӭȥ
Īֻƣصһͷ⵽ߵһ£ҪһƺСˡ
ͷЦˬӦһȸĪƵһ򻨲裬ȻɲʵĪӰظɵˣ
ĪֶŲҪȲ裬ͷ⻰ֽ·Żϣעޱ̧һһ龧ӭŴָ֮䡣
ιǸöͷѹ̰̾⣬ڵ־˭֪Īһֽ߬У࿴һ۵Ļᶼû
ͷεһջ˰е֣ŵȻȲĪƼģ̾ţĪӵһ֣С
ⲻҵġĪַеĲ룬ſʵǡؼҵġ
ʲʲô͵ģͷ⻰Щ֪Ӧ˵Щʲô
ĪƳ³һϣһҲûؼӺ«ʲôҩͷüͷʵ˵ǼӣǲЩ⣿
ؼҹȵЩ⣬ҲûйϵͷưеĲһţĪƵĶ档
ţĪգգ۾ʲô⣿
ͷ̧Ծȵ㲻֪
Щ˵Īָߵ棬Щͷ
Ұ£ĪƵ˵٣̼̣ĪƵ治ƷÿռӦС֪öࡣͷŤŤӣƴսĪ˵ؼҹӰʵǸӡ
ʲôӣĪûѹס˳Զļʳͷ׷ͶĿ⡣
ͷϽ³ΣܵĿ˴˸ȦҾ񣬲һȦûתأͱĪƳź˻˵Ŀɵ棿
ͷشĪƵ˳·˵Ʒÿֲ̼ҲٶؼйҪǲţץʲ֪𣿿ȣʲôһǸӵȥɡͷ˵͸Ͻˣȶžƻʱϵ򻨲軹µ,ĪȴѾλˡ
ĪͷǻģԺȫһϮ³ŵĵЦݣ˿볣죬Ҳ
װơĪƱŸ첲ڳϣͷֹһ䡣
ʱֵʯ̳ɵĽżƬҶ罥ҪģȴΨŵµġ
Ī̯ƣŹ˵ϸؿ۴аһɫϿ̵ƣмοյһƲʡĪưָ⣬ٵǰתѰߺõķλϸϸؿȴ͸мƣƳլϵġظ֡
Ͽ̵ƣƣĪƲ֪ߵظǰҲõظųҲأĿӣż־ȡ
Īƶȣһ˲ҲǣҲǣΪȻܿȥеľȣʯףĪƵǰ
Ҳ֪˵˵ǼӰ
ιӣҲ֪Ǽ˵һӣ˭ܹܵ˰
Ī֪Ӧ˵Щʲôظſڵ̧ȥͼһģӺؼһʹڳ˵ɫÿ
˳ĪƵĿ⣬ҲͷĪεд
ڱԹ죬ĿԽȣڿĪʱ־Ծضһ£ڿûעϸ΢仯
߬߬ȭͷתͷǼ̾ãӰ£ȷʵܲá
ûˣٴĪƣƣĪȴһΣֻÿʵҪҪٽ
΢ЩƮأûĪӦȴʯЦ̾ȿ˵治ףԴԺͼҪưˡ
Īģʱȶ˼ţǶҡҡͷеʱֵɽĪ̧֣ȶһȵУתٺĪʲôϸ
ĪԶſȵʵ㻻ȡԭ򣿡
Ȳֻ߬еϻĪƵ¶ȡ
˵ĪƻԺͷĪʹ죬ͷϵĻҲ˺ֻܶ࣬˹ƷҪһ̳ӹ𻨾ƺһ̳ӻơ
ĪӰͷ̳ӾƱĪƵϣشս˵˵ˣиˡ
ȡȿȿȡĪƱһھǺ˵ˣ࡭
ͷ쿪̿һָͷɴ۾ŵ˵
ĪΣſʼԼһʱ嶯

 

񻹵Ȼʹ죬Լװ׹һȴʲôû£Īﵽ׻Щԭʵϵĥȥݷáĳ˼ң˳ЩǮˡ
ǡ꾩ǮׯƹȢ˵ʮλС檣ϲ磬˵ƹӭȢĹʮ溬ѵһļˣЩֱֵ̼ȫˡ
ĪƵںʲô˲˵ģֻںҹϲϣЩơүϵЩɰ
ʵǮׯϲ磬ĪƳԹֻһˣǺɫǮׯƹȢ׾ǻ·⵹ǱĪƣÿζǺػȥٴ䱦
ҲһĪƳһȥ֮һԵĽ䣬˴ˣǰϲǻһƬ޷ǰͷͬĵĻȥҲˡ
ãֱЩȻģĪ֪ʱˣƹȺ̬εϸݣֵ͵֮Ỻ߳ͷһ·Ҳûʲôע⵽˳ߵ»үߣָһɰУս
ˣ鶼˳ģֻĪƵվԵ̰Щ䵽һһˣžƷ˵źүߣһѽȣִ̧ȥȴүײطһץס
Īסɴ۾Լǯסһֻ̧֣ۣǿλүͨͼгһ۾ĪƲһ֪̬ǲѣӸ첲ҪԼʹߣλүǵϷ֣ϵ˼֡
ĪϸԵʣλүΪԼһŮˣԽžһĸ첲˳˻ֹ߰ЩʲôԻ
ĪײλүʱһףϵľζǺòûȥ˿ŤŤѳȴλүתûһ˫ֻϺţɺ䵽䣬ĪȫһƤˣҲ˲ô࣬˫ֽ֮ǰ̧ϥλүмݺݶȥȻŭһſ
һǱ¶ˣΧС˶ĿĪƵϣϸϸǴûˡ
ĪƼ龰֪Լ¶΢΢һȻЩС˻ĵڣ͵̧ſڵϺλүƨϺݺݵһţȾܡ
׷
վסܣ
СʱҲӦˣæżһĪ׷ȥ
ĪԭǷĴСϤúܣҹյعչӣǰЩС˦ȥ
βİ䣬ĪƱǽЩ˵˻ԶȥŷģأԿЦ˳С·Լȥƽ󣬲źϻۣ¹һָӡԼƵү͵Եʡ
Ī˴һ䣬˦ӻһʹһֻͳĺɰ壬߱ߵţűúײԼʱҲûעڵȼŵģȵżתط֣ȴ˿ȻУ΢ͷ
ĪƱԼкȻһһ飬ϵЩʲ۵˵ϣߵʵ㡭˭ģ
һڣĪƾͺˣǸӣѹ˵šüͷָָָָԼ
ȵһЦͷֱīʣմкõīֽдһ֣Īƿ
ֽд˵ãҶö
Īƿ촽ϵʲĽ䱸߽Ҳ֪ģԼӣȴڴ˶ĪƾЩ˶Լǿˡ
񶼻ˣôңĪ˼ʵ
ȵͷдûϵһæ
Īûʲôһۣһ£ֻ۾ҡҡͷ
ʵһ£ʼһīֽϣ䦿һīǶīʣд˼ƵĪƵǰû˵ʲôæ;ܾ
Īֳֽϵ֣Ʋ첻ȣֻһ־Զ̬֮ȡ
ȼĪƲ˵ֽϵֽק˻дң
Ī΢΢һ죬ҡҡͷԼ̬ȴýͲֲͨòؼҵӣԥؿʵˣ˵㡭Ұʲô
۾ֽдһ֪ƽʱ£ϲڽֽǰڸ˵̸̯˵أұ빫ҷ˵ʱҽƣظռ룬ÿ¸ǧΣ
ֽϵīû͸ĪƵĿͱǧסˣò̧ͷ˵ǧعҲ̫˰ɣ
ȼĪô˵֪ˣܹݣסͷȰд˼ţдձһֲһ䣺ϵ˼ǵ÷󡣡
ĪƼ仰󣬵ͷ˿Լӣڵĵƻ£ָӡøˣ顣
лˡĪ̧ͷȵлȴѾӣֻīŵļ㣬Īš

 Ϲ

ĪһҲûͨ˵ǼԼӦӦýܡ
ĪһظϣҾȵط֣ԼϴεݼϵľƺȻڡ
ĪǾƺһȻִ̧һ£ԭȵľƺû˻ΣһбҪ¹ȥĪһæ˹ȥס˾ƺݶ΢ƬæҵĪƲȳһЩ죬ֱſڷ§סǸվƺֹͣ
žƺһĪСĵؽƺۻԭλãŵǺƣһߣֵŷԺ󣬴ŽҹԲ¡
ؼݶµĺõطܾڵԶԶؿԿϵĳȻɫĵƻϵɫ¹Ӧ˾˼֮Ҳˡ
ȴ˿̣ʵ֪ĪԼҵݶϵġ
ȴԸ֪ÿһϸС춯ոĪݶϲƬˣϵҡ˼£ȴ̧ͷֿ˿ԼҵķŨŨҹɫЦˣͷٴλطϵ飬ȴǿʼЩĲˣ˼ºͽһԣ
˸ŸݶͬһԲ£˼ȴвͬ
ϵȼһ룬ĪƲŴ˸ǷݶһվƺҲظݼϣȻݶԾ£ظ
ϵҡҡ
Īӵʱ򣬸оͷЩΣľߣһѡҲһȻоԼЩˣʲôԾĵطʱĪ̧ͷظſڵ§ŸŨױĨŮٯٯؾһ
α£ȵĺѣؼҹӲͬǣα³΢ƾٲڣȰţʬͷˡ
αԭҲǸܿһҪҵˣֻǺĥſʼѰǲǳǰԼڵþƣߵġЩȶ֪ҲȥȰϾα±ڵӺѲĹϵЩǲ˵Ƶĺá
Īƿα֮ת˸ɲƽײ˼ҵķ£תȴαĪӣ
ĪֻöסŲͷε̾ȻתαƲŮ߹
Ӹոȥؼңαһôһ䣬ǻһ˿ζЦݡ
ĪƶǰûʲôøУҡҡͷתߡ
αתŲ˽ŲζЦסĪƵȥ·ôôư
ӡĪüͷƲƲһۣ˵ǹɻء
αЦݶ˼ֲмǵƻ̬欵ŮһۣȻĪ˵ȵĲһңȵȵģȷʵ㡣
Īɻã۾֪α´˻⡣
ĪƵⷬ飬αʼ磬͸һ˿Ȼ££ϰ볨ŵŸ첲˵ĪӣǸרˣΪ֮˵վԹĪƵߣԭصǸŮȥŮӽֵĪתͷȥαЦغȫƸոյ顣
Īתͷ򰵴ȥα¸ոǻζȴؾЩʲôǣסһȥĪƻλͷγģǺˡ

ڶ磬ظӭһλͣҽݵƹ䭣ȲôӭΪÿҪŪЩҩӸȣһʵͷһӿζ
㲻ôġֽд˵˺ܶûֹ㡣
ֻһֽϵ֣Ȼҩҩڵһ˵ȵǰϣͷ˵
֪䭵ִ֣ԼҪǲҩǲߵģֻЭüͷҩȥ
䭼ȺҩɫһЩҲ֪Լ˾˸˵عӣǡ
ȱҩȦ죬վһͬţҪҩζԶһ˳Ҳͳظ
ظ⣬ÿĪƣվڽ£һָͷ˵ҴӦˣֻҪһǧҲס
촽ǣϵĿɬʱȥ˲١

 ѩҹ

һĪƺǶԼˣֻ¶ԺȵûĪȥĪЩɻ󣬵ҲֵУһйĹ̸żڽֱ֧˵̯ӣҹ˵ʱȥ󻧼ҵЩ䱦ЩأҲȻúԼ²ǾЦѣٷϡ
ֱβʱֵȵϢ
ճظУһüСǰŴԺһϸֽʵȵǰ˵ӣ⡭͢ҪҲ߯Щɡ
ȵֽӹŻּԼǷӡĬһʲôָҲû£ǽСС
С˵ɫֿ˼֣Ǹճ˰Ƶģ֪ԼӵӦŻϵĶ죬ȰҲûãСֻǶʵˡ
ôһὫؼҵļҲɢСԵα˵ôһ䣬ȴѹûֻǵͷԼյаµĲ衣
㵽αⷬĮ̬ȣָؽʵǸĪļһ˵͡
α˵ʱĿ絶ؿϮ˵ڵ°仰ɴ˸С
α²˵ˣȲϵīʣһһ٩дٷϻҾͽ˰ϳȥˣҲЩ֬ͶǮ
α°üë°ڴЩ޺޵˵ãҲ˵вСعӣҾףǸ˵ģͷϡ˵վֱظȥˡ
αµıӰ΢΢̾һһԵС˹ָֽдȥ˷ἸӸα͹ȥ⡭ȵıʼһ٣ĪƸ
СӦһ˷ȥˡ
磬ܺãĪһñȽѵõĺȥˣҪȥԼʦ
ĪǸʦӴѩڳ˼ңͳһˡ
ʵĪƵʦҲǸѾϴ֡ԼֽĪƺ󣬱˾ƬֵĵطڳѰ˸ƧĽ䣬ҰҲȻԵá
ÿĩĪճЩȥԼʦһģʦͯ£ϲĪûû˵˵ŪĪƴӳʱͨϦɽ
ĪƽǼظǸСˣСǲؼҵĲڳѰĪһ죬ֱʱ֣żĪȻشӳСһæӭȥ˵ĪӣǺҡ
ңǡĪƲϵúԼ˵ˣü˵
ĪӣҼڸеءС˼˵
ҡӣѵȣĪʡ
С˵ͷЦӦæ˸ƣĪظ졣
ظУüŽյˣ˽ȼϣ̧۾ͿĪƣĪƿؿüƣȥ˫۾ЩĶ
عӡ֪Ȳ㣬Īƻ̤źףȿڻ
ȵͷʾ⣬ΧļʹʹɫЩ;ʹҴȥˣҹ˳أҲš֮;ȽĿⶨĪƵϣЦЦָָһԵʾ¡
Ī΢ЩϾҲǼ֮ԵǮƱҪºʵعǾˣ
ȽϵĿƵһԣһĪƣȻ̯һŰֽд͵ǰɣɷ˵ι¸
ȻĪƹϴǣŨŵЩ΢΢ƫͷʦ˵һι£÷һ¶
Щżۣż̧ͷһĪƣ߷Ц
Ī֪ʵûڽʲôȻǽι˵ˣȻһڱѾĲ裬ԥһ£ʵعӣΣ
ȼĪôȴֻҡͷЦЦֽдһ䲻ɵĻѩˡ
Īһ£תͷ⿴ȥֻţ龰УĪȥƿǿҹɫУϸѩӿڽǰ˱һ㣬ӳڵĵɫĵƻ
ĪתͷǳЦŵȣʵ

 

δֽ̧ϵֽպãȻִһ֧ȥ
ǽĳѩȴûô䣬ȻһϢֻǰЩİ
ɢӣбضż룬Ѽ͵żϺֽת˸ոյţȻżϣббؿһԵš
°żʱķҡ˼֮ȵȼš

ӣô˯ˡڶմ磬ȵļ͸·ʱȵʵ
ȹŴ멻һҲ벻ĪǺʱߵġбϵ̧ಱӣһת۵أС˵ɫЩԾĿѯš
ӡС˵ͷ̫ҿȣι֬¶ˡ
ĿⶸȻһݣæȻʵôˣ
Сһ죬Ϊű˵ιҹѰ̫϶˵ҩ֬һ
С˵ȥˣѾµæֱȻʵĶ
֬ѹţ֬ǲ˸ӵģոбšС˴
һ𣬽ϵĴڵϣܲ˵֬ȥ
ӣӣСʰϵĴ멣һ·ػţȸĻ
ҹѩһҹѩ·ЩУȸϵ֬ʱЬ඼Ѿʪ͸ˡ
ʱ֬ĴڣֻмˣƹżΧڱϵαԣαѪһߵţѾЩƤ֮ġ
ƹȽţ˹ȥָָͷαʵôСӵģ
һα£ȴҡҡͷȻһ£Լһֲ裬Ȼɫƺȫںαµ
ƹһºҧҧΧαµļ˵򡣡
ȣαºһûأѾһȭͷϣҵǰһ¡
һԣȴƤ̧һ£ǰȫȫ޹أƤαµ˻ʹĶȥֱα¿ˣƹżиģشⱼһƱ˴ƹǰ
ƹЩƱЩڶα¶ֽŵƣЩ˱ͣα³һѪ˻˻ȡ
ûпǽӹԼǼ͵ݹֽʣд˾仰ƹĿЩαʣµ֪ƹĿɷԸ⡣
ƹŵƬһüëϸƱתͷ˿α£չüëǼ˵ˣ˰ɡ
գ⿪αϵӣαشϻ̯֬ĵϣصؿ
α±ӺͷҲص֬š
ӡͲιˣ֬ǼСĵظȵʵ
ȵͷȴԽԽͣסŲüͷص̾һϢɵİȻת䭴ȥˡ
䭴ŪЩҩȱظԺһȥ֪α±ضǶαСʱͯʱȾ֪ÿܵ鶼ϲǿ淢һһССİӡ
α½ҲȻĶϺ·ϻմѾɺԵѪһ˫۴ţǱ
Ȼ߹ȥվαµǰԼϵǼ멽£Ӹǵϡ
α̧ۿ˿ȣȻǼӣ֦ϲʱһЩҹĻѩαϵ˿ڴǽǷʹм˲١
ȡαЩؿ˵жҴԸ
һαЦ˵ͷ֪̫˽αˡ
ȿαµĲĿЩ£Ȼһţվסˣֻǿ֦ϱѩαҲԼ
αûظ֪ڼӦԿƾٵģֻżǲ˸ЩȥҲȥˡ
궬죬αȻڣȴöƣΪǴεԼڣĪƵ浽

 

Ƕպ䣬˪ѩ֣˵ĪżŰڵ˵̯ӣջԾССѡ˶Ъƽĳǣڼѩž
ˣĪƵǿʼԸظȥˣȻϲڽظľ»Ǻ۵ģ궬÷úζĪϲظй䣬˾ůů￾¯Ƚ䣬ȵȻҲֵÿζдš
ЩʱĪƽ˺ܺദԭܸЩ˼ӵܹеֵЦȴܻ˸ܵ˵º͡
ˣĪҲȽʶҲԽԽ࣬ʱҪдϺһֽദþһ㡣ֻ˼ϲĪƵһסÿҪѰЩʱĴ䡣
ѩգĪҲѩһظķǵûһƺⳤһˡ
ǰľƺһ㱡ѩĪСĵزƬһֻյľƺһֻᵧžƺϵıѩ󣬾ͽݼϡ
ĪƿһŴСȵľƺŵѩԹԵؼҵݼϣȻҲתһ룬ԼﺰǱͽõģȥ̫鷳ĪƲƲ죬Լտȥľƺ˵ȥˡ
п˲ټΪαܵĻȥ˲٣ϵһʿտЩΣ̧ͷ뿴ѩЪϢһ£ͼһɫĶԿлһߣӵĽǰ
ɻһüͷ˹ȥ߽һȲŷԿĶһƺִֻĶڵϺѾˤɼƬˡ
ʰϵһƬƬ֪¶ĪƸɵģ̧ͷϿӽ̫խĪƵӰſ˶΢бķֵĪơ
ҪҪĪƵͷȵӰ󣬺ܿŵʵȿ
ЩεЦЦĪô˾ЩľƺƬָⷭһ£ֱĪҡҡͷ
ҡͷĪΪСعǺ»Ǹ֪ӺδĪƾ²˲䣬˵Դݺİǽ
仰ûأĪƾбѩķϴ˻²ȣƬϾҪӷϹ
ȼ龰һ㶣æǰҲûؾȥӡ
ĪûüأӾѾ˷ȥȵϣҵһȣ§Īѩϡ
ҲǺջѩȵʱֻúǰʹһ£ǸоܿɢˣĪ΢Щ£ſȵϻһȻ΢ȵļͷæʵعӣû¶ɣ
ڵЦĪҡҡͷƲͷһ¹еıѩҲ֪أعʱĪ˫֮Լҿ۾͵һů͵һᣬһЩ£鲻ԽؾͽĪ˻ǯš
Īסһ˲䲻֪ӦηӦֻвʱ˵ձү龰ֻĪѣһµûСϵأҲޱߵһƷػϣġ
ءĪƸطһڳԼ֪ĸС˵ĽŲȻӣӡ
ȼˣŷſĪƣҲմŵѩĪƵԼӭǸСˣȻʺ¡
Īѩϵû䣬ЩǰǿЩ߲İѩЩͬѰ̡
ӡһԵСûĪƵģЩ˵Խǵˣ̸һʴӣǱߵء
ȵͷС˱Ȼ֪ˣϾȥȺдš
СӦһҴæȥˡ
СԶԺȲתĪţֱȵסıʱĪƲŻع̧ͷ˿ȣȻЩӲվȴ̫ҿȵۣǵͷϵѩ
һԿţĪϸ΢ĶУǷһ˿Ц֪ĪϵѩԶɾģתȥˡ

ڰ 

ߺĪƲŷһسһڼԺУ㱼žúϴ˿˿ʹУĪȥһ£մʹʹоʹĪƾеվסһòһƬƺƬϡ
ԭĪȵʱȲûļƬƬ£˳һ§ûĪƵĺϣûôƣƤһӡֻĪƸոֻžˣû쵽ֱڲŸо˳ĪҲû˵ʲôڣԼ֪ˤʲôӡ
˵ȻˣֵڽǾӪһھ֣ȵܴܵ꣬˴ǻڣ˳һЩ׻ȥ
ȵҲ󷽣ǴӽԶģΪ˴һЩۿۣڵ˽װϡ
Ȿһ׮Ϊƽ⣬ظ˷ȴڵڶʱǶƱһЩ⣬ЩƱƺٲΰ룬ƱȽϾɣٵƱһЩЩµƱͲЩɵƱУ˻ɡ
ؼҵ˷Ǹϸ֮ˣЩµƱһһſȻȵطЩƱžȻŵģ˿˹⽫ЩƱɢ˶Ŀ
ˣҲֻ˷һ˵Ĳ²⣬ЩƱȵУüЩƱҲǲҶȻ½ۣһԵĪЩƱһۣ˵˾䣺ٵġ
̧ͷһĿѯΪΡ
ĪЦЦӹһƱϵһƱһЩʵɿʲôͬ
ȥƱӡݼһûʲô죬ҡҡͷ
Īʼ磬ֽ̧ϵƱһ𣬰ѲȣһۣŷǽµƱƱ˼֡͢ƱͳһĴСȣȻôƱ
һĪƵʦģĪֻԸ͵ЩôȥƱ֮ĶΪʦ̵ЩûʲôҪûȴڽó
ĪԭΪ֪ٻ˽Ƕ˰ȥĻҪֻ̾īһȻֽд˼仰Сˡ
ĪգգۣûдֽϵĶȵ̬ȸеһ˿ãϾԼ£ҲЩʲôŤŤӲţҪӡ֪ǴĶŪĸоȴĪƾú
ôˡĪӳ񣬾ͼһֽƵǰ
Ī̧ͷ֪ʲô˼
ϱʣּһ䣺Ϊʲôһֱ
ŶĪӦһֱӣɫ˺ʹУĵؼӣƱ¶ͱˡ
ĪƲڵһظһСߵȵǰ˵ӣѾˡ
ȳԴͷ΢΢̾һ
ʵȶԼƱ¶ǲ⣬ԼСˣ˳֮ǰһ೵ֵļꣵһЩֳҹɫ°ı׶ѷһ£Щķ棬صķ档
ֻ򵥵ֶΣҪ˺Ǽӵ
ԭӾȥǵ·ϱضҪһɽϵ··ƽһ·ȫǴССʯЩ˵ķ·ξͶ˳³бټϳڷЩػĹմͲת£˴Ƿǡ
ȹ߳·һܵľǱƭܶҪѹؼҵĻ̶ڰﵹùǼֱӶؼҴʵĳӲմŲٵ
ֻЩ飬Īǲ֪ģһӸüͷ߻д֣ġ
ĪɻԼǸЦǸÿޣԼһõģȲûȥһһδȫƵǰһֱϷŪ˵ĸо
ȼĪδԼ֣Ҩһ͵ĪƵǰضſͣ졣
ĪգգۣǰĹⱻȴӼϻͷס˲٣Ī̧ۿųԹſ죬Ƚһȵ͵Լ
𣬴ŵĲľĪƵЩȿⷬ龹ЦúܿģֿһĪƵǣָģĪƵᶶһ¡

ھ 

ջָָմĪǲµһȽָŵԼ˱һ£һ룬ͷ֪ĴԹԵЦš
Īƺֵؿȵľٶദ࣬û¶ı飬Ǻ£Ҳ˾ʮֵĴɫȵۡ
ȱڳ񣬲ĪƵĿ⣬ŲԼķ΢ƲͷϵЦŻϣЩʲôͼһСߵŶ룬˵ӣƹˡ
ϣĪƾƼиոջڵĲȻգۼֻʣЩ֦ˡ
ȿͷʾС˽䭽
Īƻ֪ƹǺˣԼۣҪǣȴᰴסʾȥ
عӣҡĪƸͣͼһҽģŸҩ룬ͷҲ̧ؿȻҩǰϣͷţ΢΢̧˵һ䣺عӣȺȰɡ
üͷ¿ϲߵˣͷҩȥȻһѿƸ䭿
Īˣͷһһģֱ˲Сĵ̽ţعʲô֢
ԴԼ̫ѨҩǿתģûעĪ˵ʲôֱһ˿ζԱǼϮ˼ȡ
̧ͷĪվԼǰղһҨһ׸ݵߣ΢üͷѯʵҩܿ𣿡
ǿЦЦȽĪƵݹһζζ֯Żײ˺ҧǸоȻЩԡ
ۿߵȥˣĪƲŷģȰϵĿˣԭֻǽĿʱʱȵϡ
Ȼ˼ֽдƹ˵ҩζģҺ˺ܾˣҲûҩʲôá
ĪƸɻˣʵعΪʲôٻһأ
Ϊȵıʼסƺ˺ܴĲżдǱһζҩŪģȻᾡȫҽΣ˱ң̯ϸĵĴЧǸұ֤
Īƿ⻰һ£û뵽Ⱥǿźʵƹ仹ĶԹڣԥŸԹȴֽϽдһ仰УԺȾͺá
عӣǲ̫ʡĪƼ⻰æҡҡͷ˵
бһۣдҲ̤ظ벽
ĪƱ⻰ҭס˰βɤӻһȡ
ȴܿóĪڻԼ֣һ£Īصͷ
ĪȴԼ⻰Ūͷģܾò֪ʱԼ֮һЩĸооŪЩʣԾ΢΢üתһߡ
Ī仯ȿҲװû糣дһЩɣʲôҽгӸ
Īתͷһͼѽԭ֪Ѿ쵽Ƶʱ֣ĪƾܲӦؼôתͷ˵鷳ˣءȣôҲˡ
бһۣд:鷳㲻ҲҪԵģѲǼﻹиʲô˵ȥԷ
ǵǡĪƶһ£֪Ҳˣͷ¾ˡ
Цŵͷֽд˼ӣøСȥˣֽڵȼ˼֧ɫĹĵůڵģѩҲܲһ˿ĺ䡣
Ķ죬·
ظĳռãС嵭ɿڣǵ㣬ʱˮͲ׽ѵȴۿɿڣ֭Ҳǡôɼ˹ģĪ̾䣬ȾһؽϵУŪĪƵЩ˼ˡ
ȡĪһڱе¾ƣȥģƺҲϰˣȷ¿ӣĪʾ˵ȥ
ؼҳȥЩˣֻһһƾĪʳһ仰˵ǣµĴ̻˶ʢģؼģĪƵǵһμ
ȴͷɫƽ˵ظʵҲֻһضѡ
Īƴ۾΢΢ûʣȴ£ѵе²ĸоȡֽϵĲиˣűѬ΢дһĪƿ

ʮ ڲƭ

ؼҵĻҵȵĸ״µġ
ظʱһֻ˼磬㣬ҲһЩ˸һһ࣬Բܾ
ȵĸȥˣظҲֻôһСүȻǵԼСʱ򣬸ĳհһϯһЩȸʶõյӡ
Ҳ̰֣ⷬԼ׵ĻﲻߣЩ˵飬ֱԼĸ͵һӵıյ̷׷ڵأһ۵
Ȼδü±Լ׵Ϲȥӵ£ͷϵĳŶҲ֪˭ӵ̳ͻУȾֻǵã֮ظо˲٣ϯϵû׵ɫҲһֱôá
ⳡϵ£ȵ겻ԸҲȥվͺαڳڵ棬ʱߣʱԼҹؾţҲ˲ٻҲǵظٴΣʱֱĳۿԼĸŻѪȲźȻãӦóˣԴ˲ŸŸ˲⡣
ظߵ꣬Ȳʮ꣬ظȵҲһ̯ӣǳϯؼ˸ҵˣǼбظżɵˣҲǸӵԭȼ̳ظĺܶ飬·Ͽʼ˳ؼҲôȵȵϡ
֮飬ĪȴˣΪȴ˿ѾˣīֽϻһѲԵĶſϣʵۿĪơ
ءȡĪƼģ̽Եػգգ۾ΪӦеīˣϱðַֽ̧߲߰ҪյȴȣһεؾҪ졣
ĪƼ״һѽֶ˾䣺ӳ߬еֽӽյˣֽмմŵ⻯Ϊҽķ͸΢紵ɢ
ȿֽǰʧ񰵵ȥȻתӣסĪƵ֡
ĪһָȻǱģȴµģֻظϣż΢΢߬һ¡
ֻ׳Īȴûջأֻ,ٿƤסȻһĸ첲˯ȥˡ
ＫĪƵĶֻƽȵĺϵͿȼˣԽԽ̲סϨˣڳһƬȴ˾ÿɲΪҹ¶ȣȵĴĪƵϡ
ǲҲǲԸĪһҹûջԼ֣ʵˣͺһԼĸ첲˯ˣڶʱ˵ĲӶġ
ɵúܿԡڶ磬Īһۣͼôһ仰һǴŵֺε
Īָ֪ʲôҲֻЦЦ˵ѵÿˣҲĽ㡣
εҡҡͷһյõȲݸĪƣдѵãҪ˵
Īƴ˴յеȲ裬ůůθȴ⻰Ūöס߳˵ĽĪʣڴ⻰ĪЩңæ˾䣺£
ȵŲæһһдһҪ͵⣬Ǳ·ͨҪȥ
¶㻹ҪȥĪɻ󣬡һѡ
ȴصͷҪҪһ·̻û׼ܶһЩң¶͵ȥɡ
šĪƳŵͷ⻰ʵҪʲô
һֽϺܿдĸ֣ȻϣЦЦؿĪơ
ĪǱĸ΢΢ײһ£գۿȲ֪Ӧλشȴ鶺ˣʼдⲻƾǣУһʵҲǸԼ룬Ǳ˰ʣҲиɿҡ
ô᣿ĪƾԽдԽףڴ㲻ȥһôŪþƵģ
ʼ磬΢üͷҵȻҲ룬ϣܵøԼ·𣿡
ĶôϡĪƵҺһȥͲЩ¡
⻰һڣĪƾ鵽͸һ˿Цݣ̱֪ԼڲˣһºεЦЦʵ㱾Һһȥ
Цд㲻ϣȴԼ˵ˡ
ĪƿЦãԼǱƽȥģȴζƵԼͷˣֻˣ׼պһȥ⡣

ʮһ ɳ

Īƻ꣬ʵϻûԶţȥԶĵطǳʦסһСԺӶѣ뾩һ·ϣĪȻڼѹƣдϵ˷ܡ
ȱ·;ңԶĪƻȤ˷Ҳͷˣ·ߵķȵǺ죬Īʶһһ͸
һż󳵵ĻԾһ·ȥվɫЩĪƵֻ۾ǿģҲǿſžͽз۾ȥѰܹˣÿ;ʱȵļϡ
ʱĪƻò˼ÿʱȵϵµؿ⣬Ҳ۷δԼɨԼƵ̡
պĪƾǵˣżȼʱҪ۾һ΢΢ҡΣȵļȴȣĪƻܸܵתͷʱԾԼϵĺἫǹƷĹ
ֲֻ˵˼ÿÿĪһ۵ʱɢˣٴλʱܻôʵôЦƳȵĲԼƽĿʱ
Գ࣬㽥ůˣһеٽ·
·ǸոտִͨڴĮ֮УȻǳ
ϡ٣·;ѣ㶼۵òӣȾͲ˼ƥţ·ɳʯأҡҡֱͷΣﱾҲȾֱĪ³ЩСȥǰ·˾ڶβһߣĮ̵ı¡
ĪƲȵԣ΢ͷԺЩֵֹĹ£Ҳ֪뵽δʱЦԾתͷһƳȹȻڿ۵׻̲ŵЦ⣬һƬбӳȵĲϣɫ͵ͫӳ͸˼֣ûɵҪ࿴ϼۡ
ȿŷĪգգۣȻ󳶹һˮݵǰָָɵ촽ʾȥһЩ
ŶлĪƲȻջĿ⣬ӹȵݹƤˮľӣȴ̫һˮû·ԼǺֱȡ
εЦЦû뵽Īȸˮæı
ʱĪڿȣ˭ûԶļֱСԳǰɫҴҵβ˵ӣǰȻɳǵøϽҸط
Īû˲ͫ׺ȥֻǾԼϵֶסĪֿ²ŻֱķԶֻƬ̣ոջת۾Ͱ
ɳ̫־ǿտ˶㶼֪ȥδ㣬ֻϵӰԶķХţɳӲ˵ϣ˴ֲ
Īƻδü˵һ㱻ɳۣɰմˮݵ۵ģֻԶķԽԽЦŹĵĿ־壬һƬ䣬ĪƻҲʱסԼ󣬰£ק
ȡĪƴȴһĻɳҲ֪ɳܲܿõ֪Լߣ֪ܷſֻ֣ռˣ;Ժһʹ֪ʲôУžʧȥʶ׹ĺڰ
ĪҲ֪Լ˶ãҲܲ䣬֪ԼںδȴܿһЩþԼǰʱû𻨰׺ӵʦƤڹƷſ͵ͷһ˵Цݵɫӵα£Լü촽ǳЦµȡ
ȣ
ĪƿʱȻԼĮɳģɳֻۡǵקûзſ¶ƺڡ
˼ˣĪƵؿȴʼʹһ˿˿ϮرɻľǱڻ˿Ī۾һȴƤǧء
ˣĪţûܻشʹȴԽ̣ؿӵʴȫÿһͷÿһƤĪƺȻζǲЩ
ȡĪڻʹ޾ľƴȫҲֻ֣֮Լǵ֮ˣʹпʼľȴԽԽֱϢ֮ʱźȻоĳὫԼǻůϢҲϤһɵļζ
Īٴʧȥʶ

ʮ ä

ĮڱԵɢż˼ңߵһС˼ͣżƥ޾ɵգյԱżͬ޾ɵˣЩŸѵ촽˦Ьɳ
ʲô¶һ˿ЬкµĻɳߵļ˱Թһ˻ͽȥ˵ߵգҪ⼸ֵܰ۵ţ۾Ͷýˡ
Ҳ߶ˡһ˵λ,Ǹһôء
ڣɫ԰׵Īƣ΢΢̾һ˼ԼӦô˳ģòײŽ£ߣһ³ʲô⣬Ҫڵġ
䣬ȺĪƵ촽˶źϵüϸ΢޴ӷֱ档һ̣ЩԹԼκҧһ´ǽڼϵĪڻȲҷҲֻάͬһƣˡ
ĪһƬڰл˺þãѲ֪Ϊ棬Ϊ٣ֱһʹдθӿŽʶأӲƬ̣ѹˡ
ֻĪʱȴֻܿһƬʵĿСθʹнϮӿͷƵ˸˳ֱµ෢࣬ʲôŻ˲Űݣ˵ʱֻʣºˡ
ȼĪ˶İ˼֣ؼҴүҲ࣬æȥʰֲȥһЩϡĪƺȣػ˴գ㿴ɫػ˼ֻ֣ԵÿնЩѰ
ҿ塣Īƻ֮󣬿ȵɤ˵һ仰շɳ̫ң۾ˣĪܼľֻһƬʵӰӡ
ȷе룬΢㵣̧ĪƵƤϸƣ۾ģ˿޲ý䭴Ӿ
ĮڣҲûҽݣļҲֻܰοԼȽĪӵȳƬĮϾʹȥ۾
ĪԼҲ֪ȵ˼ֻͰ͵˵ôһˣԹԺ͵ߵ࣬ϡʱЩʹֻʹȴܣһ˿ãŹعһ⣬Ǽһ
Īƾ㱻ţ֪Լס˼գ˿̿ǽϣֻģɫһƬӰҡţҡЩˣһ;һʪȵĸоԶϴĪ̧һһˮʪ
ȣĪСţûͷһ䣬һˮԼϵʪͱ˽Ȼ󸲵۾ϡ
һϤϢ
ĪƷ۾ȵĸоɢƣĪ̧һ֣ǡʹȵļ磬æһ£ȴֲĵСȥֻ̧ȴʲôҲû
׽ŪӣһԿĪ϶һʪ޹ɵץţһֱЩˣǰһҪ齵ʱַ̧סļ磬ƻС
Ī²žԼǱˣˣһʱòУʪţҪҸطȥˣò˵ǡ
һ仰ںﲻ֪˵ΪĪƺȵĺԽԽԽԽɣڵһ㡣
񻰡ĪǺòٽ֮ʱŽļ˳Լ΢΢Ų
ϣǺȴͣԭδƶ֡
ĪسĬţǴ¶ȵĺƺѾĴʪһȴֲҶǺŵԣλĪƵĶȥˣĪƸе΢΢ķԶߴһɢȥˣһŲԽԽԶ˷š
ĪԭܾȸոĶ˵ʲôôֱ棬ֱ治˵ʲôģǰľһ㡣
ԴʮպĪƵ۾Ǻ
ĪƿЩģģģֻôһǰľһӳľȳӣĪƾЩЦȻͲ˵ԼѾüˣǾĿš
ϸѲĪеķԭնġ֪δ۾ھֱֱ֪ض۾ˡ֪ĪѾˣ۾ȥֱ˵ľĪ΢΢һƲȥ۾ЩȻЦ˵Һ񿴵üˡ
Цŵ۾һ˿ȣָ̧ĪƵ۾ĪҶĽëȵУŪġ

ʮ Ϣ

ĪȬһлǵ˼ңʣµĻǰС
һ·ҲֻۣĪܾԼڿȵʱͷӿǵĲž̫ˮͶһʯһ㣬ȴֺۡȴӣŵģ˶˳¹⡣
һ·˼£ʱǻص˾ǡ
ѻŽأһţ⳪ŵӣڶЩϰΪĳѾڱ˼·Ī˵ֱǻ
ЩĪƱסˣ˳ű˳·ߵС̯Ӵ̳վƣȻ˳Ĵһ̳§ž̳ӣЩЦá
ظͥһӣղűظС֪Լҵӽչ龩մͿʼ׼ˡԺĻ֦޼룬ˮҲ˲ٷʳһ׼ͣ˾ͶţԼӵǰ¶˰죬ֻ˼ԼӵӰӶû
ȴ˿վα¼ҵ⣬ûһ¶СˣֻĪһˡĪƱǲģα±ûʲô飬ȼ֣Ҳ͸ˡ
ڽŵԥƬ̣ʵеαвŵʲôŮӣ˼һ̧Ҫȥţȴα͵ţס
ӴϡͰشô뵽ˣαƬ̺󣬿ȣЩ˵Ц
ֻһۣҲ룬ԹԵȥ
߽ţαתͷĪƣ˸ոյЦݣżֿ΢΢ף˵Īӣɡ
αиֺܼ򵥣һԺ䰫Ժһͩڳĳ֦Ҷǳɫһͺͺķ˵
һʯͼʯʣһ£ͷŸմˡ
αʾĪ£ԼŽݣЩˮ˵ϣˮǰˮɫζ
֪ʲôġαµˮ󣬶ʯ˵
Ƥתıӡ
ûСα¼˵һֲЦݣĿƾٿԣαٴڡ
ȵͷԤ֮УαӣҪˣԾģȲغһˮӻͳһСӣαµǰ
αһ£ץڱǼţЦǸöлˡ
ĪһգգۣǸʲôֻ֪ⶫȴһ򵽵ģĪԭΪǿ㣬ΪǲɢһζӦòô򵥡
αƺǿĪϵıɻһתֱӰСˣĪƵЦĪӣһ·Ƿˣ
Īüͷûαµ˼ʣͼȿ˱еˮһѿαµϣֵЦݵס͵һơ
ޡαתͷѣȴЦʱȴǿȵġĪƱŪһһ㶵ģֱʱҲûŪеζ
ЩʱĪظԷظԺеĻúޣϼµСˣǸоʵ⡣
ϣҲûٶĪƣҲ֪һ·ĪƻȥЪЪԼ£ߣҲǸܹԴġ
뷨ûֻα´滵¡
Īƴظ۸һ³ĵ磬ǷĴЩƮȻ
Īӡ
ĪƸƮţ͵ؾͱһ˻۱αԼǰϹǳǳЦĪҲһЩЦǫ͵ػһ䣺ιӡ
ƺ⡣ĪƵĻαЦֹ̧ĪƵļ磬ǵ˵Ȼѣһ¾ͺá
ĪƲϰߵתһ¼磬αϵ֬ζŪЩӦȵҲ˵ʲôֻҧһ´˾䣺֡
αӦһһֲֻ᲻صһĪƵؿڣЦһֵҿɲ׽Уߣҽϴȥӡ
αôһ˵յоĪƵʱǺζϾͺˣæѵ֣ɫЩƣۣհɡ
ղײաα˵ɫ˶ֽĪƵĶ䣺Ī֣㲻Ǵû֮°ɡ
һ仰ŪĪƵֺ˼֣α˵ȴʵĪֽ֮²żȴû
ˣĪȴԸϣҡҡͷα´Լϵ֣αȴǯͳɤ˵δζҲ޷Īֲͷһأ񣬶һƣۡ
αɳƵŪĪƻһȻûϢضġ

ʮ д

α¿ĪԥӣȴȰƭؾд¥ߡ
д¥ǾǵһŮӸʽαĪƽװλĴţЩЦͿ֬Ĩ۵ŮӾ̴˹ЩŮӶϵαµģһιһιӵؽеüΪǡ
Ӵιӣ⹫ӿɱ㿡ˡ֪λһüĪƵЦôһ䡣
ǿǻûпϡαЦקŵĪƣЩ˵ǽҪܰѺˣҿٲǵĺô
ãҽˡα»䣬ո˵Ǹ˵
ǡĪؿҪ⣬һ˿ŭ
ӣʲô¥˵һ仰û˵ڣǹĪƵֱۣﴩü٣ɴ裬ŪĪӰһ¡
յα½һСӸǹǸȼָôͺá
Ī۾֪αµ˼ǹȴ˵಼αȻһЦҪʮ
˵αЦŽӹԹǵݹƣһü˵
ӣ¥ǹЦЦתͷĪ˵
𡭡ҡĪһ¶ʵķ羰ӦﷺڣҲ֪أԺֳ︡
㻹ʲôα¿ĪˣѾƱһģ¥ͣʱҲ˺壬ţ¥Ѱһշƽ棬ҲĪôƾܣ֡顱һţĪһת;ǹﻬһԼĻ
ӡŴŴūɡ
ȼڻصţһ˿һ˿۽ĪƵģ̽Ե§һúܣ޻һ㡣
ˣйŮɲһձ¯еһȼյúҡ
ǹУĪʵ̫֪ԼʲôֻǾûȣ޷£µһʹüЩɢʼֻ˼롫ֽƮԶãò֪
ĪǴαȴûд¥ĪĬĬƬ̣д¥ظȥ
ѿҹпҪĲ裬ոҪ˯£ͼαֱŽһó˵΢Ц
Ŷͷ̾ü
Ӧллҡα߽Լһ˵
Ȳؿα£롣
αºȾǱ裬ؽ˵ҽǰ˻ˣǸĪӻǵÿԣŮ֮¶û
ȵĿȻһݣȥץסαµ죬ҧ޺˵ʲô˼
Ӵαһ²ӣ˿ץԼ֣ЦһĻôôȣЩ¶Ȱɱ档
۾αµԼ϶Ȧյαֱȣ˵ȡд¥
ŷ֣ȴα²ţʱĺ޲ý̻α¿ȴЦ˵ȥʱŵ滹ȼ㣬㣬Ǻö
ȷǺöָֻ״һѽĪĥþƣȸϵʱȫ죬ϴǵӡǣ˵һЩԷֱĻһȲԾضһ£ǹ˴ӣһĪƹ̵
ҩЧڣĪĸʵ£һ˫ץסȵĸ첲ҪеĲʸжйϣü֪ȥǰ취ÿճһֻקϵŴᣵӣĪƵֽסק˱ı˿ӹסѹ翴ɿʵһڴŴŤתӣֱڵʱżƽ˯ȥ
Īʱ磬ӻģȫУͷʵۣͽվڴǰӰ˽ȥ
ĪδѣֻԼۻˣԳЦЦҪȴûԼֽűţһȻűӹ˴
վڴߵȸܵ˽µ𶯣תͼĪͷɢˤڵϣǱ
ĪһˤЩ˿̧صͷͼȽһֽչǰдϣÿ
ĪȻƳЦĻѸٻΣЩϸʹĸоӡΪ̣ЩоȵȴòУҪγѪ
ȿⷬӣҡҡͷϺͽϵӣĪƵͷĬĬȰŪȴڲƳɢǱӵĿ϶Լϲɫӡǡ

ʮ 

Īƿⶫ̴סСĪ׹һ£ͷøͣÿȵ½ǶΪ顣
ۼĪı仯˳Ŀ⿴ȥЩ󣬱̾һֽ̧ǿıקãڵϵĪƣӵڻ˴شᱧ
ĪƾһƮʶعһȵĲӲԼȥ־һ̫ЩֲȵĻҶ
ȱЩŭΣ˿̿ĪƵķӦЩЦ̵ŲȥڴڲźãȻ˷ŴȥŪЩϴˮǸϴһϴ
ȿųȥĪ齽ϣŵ˼ǺʱҵģǷ񿴼ЩоĿԺӦúദȥЩûд𰸵뷨һĪƵӸЩûĻˮ죬ֱٴվǰŻع
ϴɡֽд
Ī㶵ػһ䣬һڲŷԼɤƵջǵģŪһüһӣǲԸǰ̹Ȼҡͷµˡ
ȼĪģñһֽˣīʡžӵ˵ϣȻٴαϵĪƣߵԡͰԣһɣ˴ӽԡͰУԡͰеˮؽһء
ĪƻδӦͱӽͰУǺ˼ˮȥòײԡͰıԵſţ̧ȣǺҹαµЩôطһ˵Ķ
ϴɾһԳ˵ƽȴŭֺͳвͬ˵վתȥ
ءĪƶȵıӰСһ䣬ҲˣԡͰڣְûڵԼӣµĵӡֱͷ̡
ڴǰһ¯Ӵķ˿˿ޱߵһƷȵɲһˬĪԺУÿÿסֶ
ĪϴϺ󣬸ԡͰȴԼﶼϣֱ߳˽ˮеı⣬ûκοڵӵĶĪƻͷ磬紦ˣ㺰ЩʲôҲġ
ûķӣԼܲһֱԡͰУԡͰеıššԼϣһˮ̧߳۾ͿվڴȣĿʱԼⱲӣûô
ȿŻʪգͷڼϻµˮĪƣɵðüëšһȦ˵ֺֺЦ͡һⷬģתɾ
ĪƼ·ģæ滻ˣúųһת߳磬ȴײȵϣæһ˫Ƶۣʵȣϵ¶֪˶٣
ȶƬ̣ص̾һݵϣдȫ
ʲݵ֣ĪƸոջ
΢һ죬ʼһ£дø㣬α˵ĻһֶҪţԺ󡣡
ĪƵͷͷʪţ˿ڲڰ׷ȶǼ˿Ƭ̣Ѱ˿ɾĲĪͷ
ĪҲ㣬΢ͷϮļζȻ̧֣קס½ǡ
ȱĪƵŪһ£̾˿ϸĪƵͷãָżľѺգطȵġ
ĪƵͷ͸ȲֽдȥɣҲǰ취
šĪӦȴ̧ͷЩãؿȣʵҪĶȥ
ظдֽīڵ֣Ųݾܾζ
д¥⣬ЩۣŪĪһ㱣˼·žϺʹۣһûУҧһЩʹУĬĬȵ
ߵú֪ĪڵĸоȣҪ۵ģȥҲԸȥܹĪһѵϾԹͷŭӲдϣһжй
òײŲظ˸ţҲûĪƣԹԵߣĪƾֻվſڷ㶣治֪ǸǸߡ
ЩʱαյظС˴һֽֽдż֣ΪҲԸɱ㡣
αֽ¹ƣҡͷЦЦȻָֽƮڵϣ̧ݺݲ˲ȡ

ʮ 

ԻһȥˡĪҲȥûȤظй䣬տյģʲôԸȥ롣
ȵˣĪƾȵϣĬĬŰȥ죬ָһһǳǳ˵ıԵ
ĲݵʱȻһO@ĪƤȥͼһֻӲݴ˳ֻվҲ֪ʲôӯһϴȥˡ
ĪƵĿҲϣԴԾţȻ;úԿʲôϣ¶ȡ
Īֻһ¾һȴȰס˼磬һתͷͼ෴ķԼߣıƽȫϲŭ
ȻˣĪԥһºȻʵҵ
бƳĪһ£¶һŭ˵ͷ
ΪΣĪƼʵ
һһֱʵһ仰벻Լ˽һΪ˲죬ȻĳЩĴ𰸺֮ĪƲԸϻ˵ҳϣ˵ԼٺȵÿദУ׶Щʲô
ȵͷµϦһ·ĬţҲشòŽͷ̧𣬿Īƣʱɫӯӯ¹ȵУ˫ƺֽĪƵһһ˽ȥʼء
Īƿ˫ۣͷ·ʩ˶һ㣬˫ԽԽȴãֱһĶԼĴ,ûӦ뿪
𰸡תͷĪƵĶߣ˵֡
ĪƵĿȻһһĳ㺴ĪصĵطŨޣ˵뾭ѵףĪƻӲ
ĪǶȱĪƵļһ£ȵϣѰĴٴȥ
ĪƱŪȫ飬һҴܣ˫ֽ߬šǣǹǲͬǴǿҵζһѹȸϮĪƵؿڣûҲζȴЩղܡ
δûӦøݣҧһĪƵĴʹĪһֻһ˲䣬еķ߶ܣӺ̣ӿò赲Ǳ˼ѹȥˡ
Īƽŵɿȵļ磬һٽļͷסᶯ̽ػӦȵǡ
һ£ϵϢһɣ̧ĪƣĪ̧ۿԼͷȵϣһȵǼµĸоеů
ЦˣץסĪƵԼУȥٴκסĪƵĴȴǼᣬͬ촵һ㣬˳
һǣֱǵĪߵתͷᴭŰݣֲϾʹ˷ŹĪƵ˱ԼĻȵϢĲϡ
Ī΢΢һ£ҶȵϢֱĲϸϸҧ
šȡⷬľٶĪȫʵڳܲסǿԳת֮ǰסȡ
̧ͷĪƣдòЦЦĪƱȥ
ݺȽĪƷãһںӹϵֽʣдֻһ䣬ԸԸߡ
ĪֽȣΨҡҷһж˰ƽãôĪƾԼûɾܾȡ
ͷ
ȷ·һȴЦЩһŸɾֽд˼֣Īƿ
Īֻ˿ͷ֣ѾЦˣǣ
ʲô˼ĪƿЦõʵ
ҪƾоݣǸոմӦҪµģܷڡЦֽд
ǸˡĪСһ䣬¶
ҲϡĶֻҪסظԼҲдȥд¥ֵط
ĪԽԽúЦֽһģʵϵǺ˵ҲûдҪʲôңҪⱾҿɲɡ
ҡͷЦЦ΢һֽд㣬ɺã
Īƿ仰һ£ֶֺһ飬תͷȵ˾䣺á˵ץϵĺӡָӡֽϣȻⱡģһī÷һӡֽĪƵݸȡ
ȽӹֽúϸصãӹзһӣǺĪظмģҹǸ
Ƚֽ˽ȥۺۣȻתͷĪƣ۵״ЩЦ⡣
ĪЦЦȻ;ɣЦӣǳǳĸоһӣҲֻΪһЦ⣬Īƴûڹ

ʮ ҹ

ȽǺպú󣬱߻ĪƵߣĪϵģһӽҲһȥֱȵ۶һ磬ֽ
ĪƵӸǴﵽˣⱲƺδ˭׽͵͵ؿڵ·У΢΢оõȵƽȶİ
ȵͷ˿촽ЦЦȻϣϸϸ˫۽΢ĪһȻ󳶹ıӣ俪ĪƵϡ
ⱻϺܻЩģĪƾһۣ˿˿ɻ
һº˯һ˯ֽд
⻰ƺ߷ְ
Īڱһ£˳΢ʵ˯ˣҪĶ
ЩҪҴ㰲˯ͺáȵЦдƲӳЦݣƽů
ĪƵͷ˵ˣ˳ñӸסԼİգգۡ
ЦһۣȻʲôƵֽ֣زһ䣺ǵЩģٸЩ߰ĵطҿǻᷣġ
ĪһüԼԩĶģǡĪһ仰˱˵ȥˣ˵ҩЧ̫ңʱҲʵǶЩģ˵ףⶫһЩ
ȼˣЦһ£ҲٱһֽʣĪһ£ߵ鷢ԺҴҴıǣŻϨڵĵƣȥˡ
ĪһĬĬµϢҲˣϵ۸ȻʱʱϮ
Ī̾ԹԱ۾ӦһƬڵǰȴǸָĳıǴĮɳ䣬紺һ΢ЦУԼ¹ϢҲ֪˶ãų˯ȥˡ
ȳźҹɫͷŵţɫ»ָ˱䣬ȻδϢ˿ȴһ㣬תȥСȥˡ
С˴ĺǷҲ֪ԼӽΪôоһͷԹţһھڵȣһֱˣűȥЪš
һ鶼׺žЩۣ۾αϣЩģųģ˯˹ȥ
ظһƺܾǽֿˡһģֱССտʼߺȣǾͼд¥ǻұ˳ˣ¥ԭЩһĶһѰͷҲδᣬ֬Ҳδ;ϸߵվ⡣
٣ôǣΧ۵ģҲ֪λ¶һ䡣
һ¹⻰תͷݺݵص˵һۣȻû˵⻹ôˣд¥ˣû
Ǻ¶Χ΢΢һæʵϲǻúõô˵͵أ
Ķ֪ȥǺ¹üͷ˦һ·ӣӯӯҪˣ˵ҪٺأһͽǾ̸ˣǶ֪Ķ˵ȥ
Χ̾ųƾǵһд¥ҲôȲݲݵصˣд¥ƹ񵽵Ҳû¶棬Ҳû˵ԭˡ
ȿϣҲ֪ԼԺ˯˶ã΢΢ʱͼĪԼĶ棬°Լ
˯ģҲѵûšĪһˣ˲Ŵż˵
ҡҡԴЦЦҲûͣĪ֣ʾ
ĪȴⲻĿתƬ̣°ȡ
ΣƿȥָһĪƵһͷָ
ӡǡʱһСˣƹ
ָһ٣䭱˵ģ˵ӦòʱֲŶԡԥһ£ָĪƵķȻһ뵽䭱࣬ǻӻС˽˽
Ǹӣһɫ·ϴŵҩζһֽһҲȥʣԼֽŵȥˡ
ֻһ£ֱֱضŴͷ䭡
Īע⵽ȵϸ΢仯ҲֽһۣҲüͷֽ¹סɽҩ޽پУЩҩĵ޷ֻЩȴвĹЧ⽫Щһζͺˡ
䴹ͷҲܸܵĿеĺ䣬ĬƬƽһ΢΢̧ͷ˵عӣιģ˵õõ

ʮ 

˵⻰Īƾͼȵ΢΢һ£ɫøѿ
Ҳע⵽ⷬ仯˳ѵԵı飬һŽ˵عӣȵۻۼ֮أ֮ʱѽ˴ŲãԭۻˣعӣΪ
ȼô˵һ·ЦˣЦмֳ֮⣬ֽд⻰α½˵ģԼҪ˵ġ
عӡ䭶һºͷֻι˵롭ȰһȰӡ
ܵԽԽˣϲϲȵ⣬£Ƚдܹ͸ôֲ졣
䭿仰󣬵˵ͷйһ۾˵عӣվͶдˡ
΢һϢдЩΣӲٿ䭡Ҳ֪Ȥ˱˳ȥˣֻϵҩδߣ̯ϣȻЩۡ
Īȫֻſţ˼ĶԻ΢΢Щ⣬֮ܶϲģ޷ͨģ޷ǿɹƭĵҲûˣҲΪˣûӦȣȴδϸ֮Ů֮һˮ֮
ֻⳡˮֲ֮ͬŮϾб϶
ˣϸϸһ˵ĶԻĪƵһüĿˣҲѸٵƤһȣͼ΢ͷԼĪƼ״æƿߣװĵ𴦡
ͽĪƵһһУ²µ߰˷֣Цһֽд֣ġд㽻Īơ
ĪֽһʱŪ˵һϵЩҩģеıʣдֵԱּ֣˴ˡȻ󽻻ȡ
Цҡҡͷ˿ֽֿ˿ĪƣչЦһֽдûУҽгŪЩԵ
Īһ±ӣ˵ͷȰϵЩҩˣȻ˸Сȥˣ±þôȥģһ죬ĪƵжضһЩҵ뷨ŪԼ̣ȣȥԺ´ˡ
ĪβͲ³һ⣬֪ĪҲ£Ҳȥֱȵ˲żĪƻͷЩңǰ·ɿأߵǰһյԼʡ
ȵĿͣƬ̣ȤдôҪ
ҪʲôĪѿڱʣһͺˣȻָ֪ʲôֻϧ⻰ѾղˣĪƽŵһڲ裬ȵıֽ϶һ£дȵ⡣
ĸĪƲͱеĲǺæתȥȣȴһһѾԽסֱ۷ϵţĪƱһ£һյڵأɼƬ
ȻĪϵȻûзſԽԽҲ°͵ĪƵļѴǳǳĶ
ֻ˼ŪĪƵĺͿʼˣŵԼԺż߹ؼСԾѣ΢ת˵ءȣ𡭡òã
ͣ¶Ū̧ĪƣϴżֵЦд㵽벻Ҫ
ĪƵ͸ȴ̬Ȼ¶ǲƽȲ
Ҳֻ΢ЦؿĪƣֱĪˣͷŰݣٶȴչȥڻȥ
ȱĪһ·˲ٵظСˣЩС˼ⷬ龰·ױһԣŪĪƼΪ˼˵Լߣ㲻ضͱҡ
ȵĶʱǡǡúõطţȲĪҲĪ˵ĻӦͿ絽˺УýŹţٽĪƷ£ϡ
Ī͵һأһ£һעȵĻȱĪڻУ뻢ڣ޴ѡ
ƺҲֵˣһ£󵨵֣סȵĲӣ΢̧ͷΪüī͸ŵᣬĪƵнһ
عӡĪǳЦ˵ĿҲ治С
ȹϴĪƣĴǳǳĦϸϸڽȼĻ㼯һǡ䡱һյңżеѰĪƵص˽ȥ
ĪƴӺзŪü޷ͷŶԷĽƺģֻȲϷŹĪƶԽԶԽңĪƵ°ʹӭԼ
ĪûӣŨҵϢ֪Ųǰ취㼫ؽȵͷ󶥣Ƭ̣ž԰һЩػᣬɵţԸſ˴ˡ

ʮ ǳ



ڶʮ 

ȼĪƵֱÿЦ£һϵȻ£ЩˮѾɵ̨УЩī֭
ĪԴȵıӰڲŷֻ֣һıӰĺ뵽ոԼˣûнúһ
ͷһĪһݺԼͷ䣬ƽžǸطЩԼŶܣɵ˼֣һȴ־ǸоŨˣίҧһڡ
ʱкīֽĪƵߣдôںˣ
ʮĵ٩ζ
Īưίţҧ֪Ķ¿ڣֻһۣٿ
ȱĪⷴӦЦˣ٩дԼҪģԹñˡ
ĪҧҧµԶԶģЦӣĸо齵һŲ
ֻĪŲţҲŲèϷһ㣬˵˵ȥҲôĵطĪƾܣҲӲȥġ
ĪһȱĪƵǰڷɢţ΢΢ЦЩؿĪƣȻ۾̧ĪƵ¡
ָᣬòĪҧסǻз
ָҲֻͣƬ̶ѣű㸩ӣĪƵĶͷһ£ȻűӱĪƣƽϣԼߡ
ĪƬ̣þòŻתͷȥԼߵȣգգ۾
ЦЦָָĪϵıӡ
ĪƻȴԸ⶯ֻһȷʵֻ̣ЩǸϣȻͷ˸
ֻշĪƾ;úһžһȵϢԼĶߣֻ֣űỷסĪƱ㲻ٶˡ
ĪһڱﵹЦˣŲŲӣȵ⡣ȼ⶯㽫§øһЩ˶ѣʲôľٶ˾ʹ˰ӵ˯һ
ڶգú磬Ī˯š峿⣬ӸһһģĪƳ˯ŵϡ
ֻһԳؿţɫһƽھÿ˵ĺһһǳ೤
ãҲ֪ʲôûȥĪƣĪϵǼ˼λú󣬲˳ȥš
˿ҽڣα¶ҽڵһϣʵԣ͡ôˣ
䭵ͷȥҶȥˣ˵Ҳ˵ˡ
αƲƲ죬һ˵˵û˵ûʲô𡣡Ȼص̾һ˵ˣԭҲָ㡣
˵α´䭵ҽһȦϰŵһƿҩƾԼһڡ
ιӣҩƿɲȵģҲӦö֢ҩ䭼αˣüȰ
ȡα±ҩǺÿһڣ˻Ǵƿӣʵƿʲôģ
Ƣ庮Ϊ˲Ѫġ䭴
áα¶ЩЦݣƿҪˡ
ɡιӡ䭿ҪȰ裬α±Ǹλһˣ˵ģֻ⻰ûڣͱαµһˡ
ʲôαЩش䭣һƿҩǮͼȵϣͷҪ
䭲˵ʲôˣϵαҲЩͷˣ֪ˣǵסģҲͲȥˣֻĵ̾һ
α°ǴɾƺԼ䣬ǰӼ˵ҲǶܼǶҲС⣬ҪǷǮҪ͵Ҫ
⻰ЩЦãԸֻۣõͷӦȥ
ˡα˸ҽˣؼҽ˵վûӰˡ
εҡҡͷ߳ȥķж£׼ʼһ⡣
ϵ˴ʱҲ½½ضСߺͯĿǱһϿҲЩͷˣϵȥر仯̬Ķʵ̫٣̧ͷһೲĳ˼ˡ
ЦЦԼ֪ʱôĸпǸ׺ӵˣű˼򳤽һۣתȥˡ
αҽݳź󣬱Ʒȥˣͷпˣæкα´˸Ƿĺһ䣺ҪϺõĳ껨񡣡

ڶʮһ 

ϡͷԣˬӦСȥϱϺõĳ껨񣬵ݸα£Ц˵͹мңСõľˡ
αһüһƵĺ򿪣ȥţ˱ǣζ൱ˣ̾˵ǹġ
ͷٺٺٵЦվαµǰ֣һֺõģ
α½ƺĸӸǺãתҪߣǾ仰Ǯؼҹȵϡ
Ƴ˾ǣαͣ˳Զɽɽһɽڣⶴڼխһèͨα½Ƶ˵໤ǰССĶڡ
ȴǿ¼ʮͷţġȼżİ𣬵м䴦һһӡЩݣɫܰһ˫۾ȴӥһ㾫ֱֱè߽α¡
αµҲЦ߹ȥ˵ǰһƣأԺһڣȻֽǸСƿ򿪣ҩƶǺУƵ˵ǰ˵ݰ㳢ѪģʺָɰͰ͵ˡ
Ϊݵ˴˵ϵǺһۣȻ̧๾༸ھ͹ȥмȾһ󻹷˿Ѿ˵ľƺûһξʱֳЩȻζ㽫Ǿƺˡ
α¼״æִһ񣬰˵Ҿ֪һģҲ㡣
һգ۵ĹǾƺֿˣһ˿ŶӴһá
˾Сα»˸ƣЩȣˣҾһ䣬һпɶô
֪αָʲôͷͭһɤ˵ӡ
αԣһͷеһ˿ܿ챻£̧ͷʱһɵģЦǾͺãҲûʲôĵġ˵վʹӻͳһƱ˳ݵϡ
ȻƱۺ󣬴ԼĻȻվĶܿ죬ĳαһαȥĨȴߵˡ
ǡα·ıӰԹôǮߣһûС
ҲԹԵس˶ڣɽȥα¾͸Ҳǰȥһ·ĵ޶ѻݲš
ʵαܶ࣬ʮͷţţëҪ֪࣬ԳݵƱزģһţëᣬܻڣΪڷϡ
֪αҲȥͷչأ⣬α±ضҪͷġ
Ȼαһֻͳ߳ͣסŲˣһʯͷϣת˸ֻߣûٻͷ
Īʵ֪ԼӦӦѹͿ˫ܽԼ͸ۣôԸڴϼһ졣
һֻ־ĪƾʱıһֵߡͣĳһλãһѣŪĪҲװȥˣһȡ
˯ȥվ͹ˡֽд
ĪƵšһ֧ȥԼȴȻʹŪüͷһ¶סӡ
ȼĪˣϴһĨЦд޷ֻһЩúͺá
Īƴۣû˵ʲô˿ʱǳʹУѸٵع·ϴɾ
ȾֻţֱĪƽԼˣϷŵһ໨İ״룬ݸĪơ
Īһ£ָǸʵʲô
ȲֻʾĪƳһĪҲû̫ɣҲûž͹һڽȥֻ֮һȿζӵθŪˤڵϣͷԹŭؿȡ
ɫȻŲæϵһֽдǼζҩóӸ˼壬úúòһȻй߯졣
Ī۾ǻеζ̱Ǻ
ȣ㡭ĪƱס֪Ӧ˵ʲôȵǱĪⷴӦŪֱ֣Ц綼΢΢ض
ĪƵûЦЩԹ˼ʱͱ׵ȥˣֻ㶵ؿȣֱһ׽Ū͸ɵӡ
ЦƬ̲ȫͣ߹ȥӹĪĴ룬ҩ־͵һС
кЩͷˣҲ֪ԭ򣬽һֱδչˣǲ顣ԾͲˣȥ¶׵ԺˣգȴþĻҶССĻ

ڶʮ ī

ȶסȫ޸ոյЦ飬ؿŲڷʺҶеС
Īƿ仯΢ɻ߹ȥ˳Ŀ⣬Ҳ
üܹӦǼ˵飬ȴȫްֺɫǶȻһš
ԲӣҲѧСˣЩݵͷͿһΣ
еº˵ͷ漴ҡҡͷĪƸɻ󣬲ɵַһȵļ硣
Ȼأһ£ҲȥĪƣֻǽԼϵ£Уͷһһص࣬ĬĬԡ
˵αһһٵ·˰죬òײŲ˻ͷӽһĶԵأһιӡ
αһ飬תͷȥͼһˮӯӯĹԼЦЦоŷּһָ
Ӵǡα¿ŵ̾һ䣬ǹȥֵڹϸһؿͣ˵̴ɱרҵġ
˵ǡΪ̴ĹЦ洺硣
ҿ治ţġαҡͷ˵˭̴֪һϵۣʲô
ǣΪԸ㣿ǹｿһ±ӣֲαµĸ첲˵Ҫȥһˣ˲ġ
˵أ˭ôӣܹ붯㡣α˵һҡҡͷɱ˵ȽİǴҶȥġ
˵ؼ˵Ĺӣ̴Ҷüʵ
šαµͷ
ѽǡ̴˰֣˿ɲʲôӸ磬ȥ˾֪ˡ˵žסαµһ첲
αȴվԭزбб̴дЩɫ
ģ㲻ң̴ſĸ첲ʵʣαﻹЩģ΢΢ز
ңʲôҵġαЦˣһ̴°ͣżа˵и
̴һۣӦ˱˵
³֮⾩ǵһ˵õҵα˵
̴գգ۾Ҫ󣿲㰡ιӡ
αֻЦЦֽ̧ǹֱۼԼһԼĻУһƮȻ֬㣬ʵӦĶߣ
̴ｫα´һ¥ż䣬żڵƻһƷīɫ۵ӡüĿ㣬ӿ͸żӢα²ꡣǼųһ
α¿ӵһ£̴յ˳ż䣬żţصա
Ź۵ӣΪºīʱλܶƷ⽮
ݴºīǽƾ꾩Եһƪ±ÿ̾ѣɴ˳֮һ·ƾţƽƣʱߵ˽λáºīսӵ˳͢Ҫְ˶͢ΪĻܶòˣҪھˡ
α㶵ؿãԾ⣬˸һ淶ɤ˵ݼү
ºīˣüͷһ壬ᡰǡһ֧һʵү㲻ϵң
αȵı飬͵ųºī˼˺һҡҡͷ˵ĳһǸʶùү
ºīƺģһͷ̧۾úÿ㵱治ϵң
α±ºīһŪú˰벽̧ͷΪذһ飬Ȼ͵ʹͷȻ˵治ϵùү
ºī⻰ǲطһЦ⣬ǳЦҲοӿϣαƬ̣˵ˣٴ˴λؾʵѰһλˣֻʱ꣬ǹ˵òЩǲˣȻ㲻ϵñ٣ǿҴˡ
ǹүҴˡα½ųºīĻ˵ĳһԱůĵĸҸүմ״ʵġ
ˡºīڰ֣ͷӴαµĻӱһ߰߰ɣҵۡ
αӦһͷǫ˳ż䣬š
αߺºīһʹ̫Ѩ
ˡºīߵʱ˵ϻء
ºī˸Ƿ·ظȥһˡ

ڶʮ ౱

ǣʡ
ظĺԺȴҲСһҪűԵϼʮܵͷĪվڳرߣһʳһһ˵
е㱻ظЩúܺãַʵֻڣԾˮĪͶµʳ
һһ˶ߵļʯϣųһƬͮͮ㣬̧ĪƵһѡ
ĪƱŤһ£֪ʱܴȵĶҪ˼
˵ҰĪưеʳȫͶ£һҪһʳ㣬Ҳܳôʵ
ЦӼʯֱӣȻĪƲעϰһ£ĪһȾеȥûУͱ̧һȹסĪתͷȥʱЦЩ⡣
ȣţҿɲˮĪҲû˵ʶקϵ·Щŵ˵
ʼ磬ֽĪק˻˳ڻһ
ĪȵĻվȣλеֺЦȵ°ʵΪ׽Ūң
ͷһ۾§ĪƵһҪǳˮơ
ˮҲֻĪƾȥһŪһʪܵڼǵζʵǲֵæץסȵ˵ûõõãشкãǩˣ׽Ū𣿡
ᣬ͸ֵ⣬Ī§˻תͷһС
ӣܶºī´
һüͷ
С˿һȴյý˵˵ǡԭǸƽӡ
ȻȻƵصͷ
ԭƷܶƽ˹֮ŸΪºīĸظһԺСʱҲŸظһЩӻҲû뵽ƽտͷԵСӣȻнĳϢ
ӣǼС˼ȵͷʵ
죬ҡҡͷ
ɡСƺҲºīϾԺҲδؼչܹһһˬ˵ȥƽǣ´˵
˰֡
СºĪһüŸ첲˼̾Ʒ⽮Ҳȥ˼ҵӣ˵Ͳ
Ŵǣһ㲻֪黹ءģĪơ
СתǰţһϧıԼǫ̬ĳºī˵´ˣǼӽе˵ˣظضҵúܣĽţȻذɣҼӺˣضǸ
ºī⻰һ£ԽСظһۡظںӡеһ徻࣬һ塣
ˣҸɡºī˵ȲҲԤ֮е飬˷ǣ˭ҲԸˣֻǳºīվЩ˼˺þûǲܽ˱Ÿ¶¡
Ҳ֪ºīվЩޣϾСͲػˡղºīΪĪơȷĪƲ֪黹̫ࡣ
ͱңңϵɽҰªҺһӵСԺ
СԺҵЩҩĵźéݣмֹ׾֮С
Ժһӣˮɫĳشϣһãı󣬲ž𱭣ʯ˵ݹȥ
ʯŵֻҡҡͷɫƽһ̶ˮ
֪ơˮɫ۵Ц˵һˣҪˣţ
ʯϵҡͷĿȴһֱû뿪ǰľƱ
ȲȡƲƲ죬һ±еľȻʵݣλûʲôң
ݽպֻҡͷ
û̾˿۾˵αˣþһëƵģһȾͱ⡣
ѵã⻰ȴ˵ͷ
˵ӼⷴӦЦˣЦһƣųݣֹԼһơ
౱ȥԼ˵ˣ౱ѵЩվƺŵĵ˵
ȾԼãĶҡ౱͵ذ˳һۡ
˵㻹ҪˣҾûƱˡ˵ʵ
౱ֱһƣ߹ȥ˳ݵĻȾƣþƶֻ˵ʵ졣
§žƺûȣֻᡣϺõյǾ͹һصˣ౱˽һȥˣ¶ûС
¿˾ƺ§ڻֻſеľ౱š౱Ҳ˵Ժֻͣ̾ƵżԹյ
׹ϼ졣

ڶʮ ҹ

īһ㡣Žţڵ⻩
šĪƺһ򻨲蹾ţüȣǻ˿ǻŽȥ˵û
֧ЦΪΣĪƿԼѾЩˣϧЩ쾹ȻһչûУĪƱظЩС˻Ҫ
Īɫͷ͵͵Цһ£תͷȴְڳЩͷӣʵΪʲôֱд֣ƫƫҪѧЩ
ҡҡͷ򵥵ơ
ҿˡĪָһ棬鷳
Īơ
ĪƱܹĿ⣬ûûεغٺһЦеĲ裬αϿȥʵѧῴȵˣֻǾЩɰװһ֪⡣
ҽѧˡĪƴ˸ǷԴԼļ˵̣̼˵Ҿͻˡ
һ۾ӹĪƵĲյһЩ裬׻§ϵһѱīдҵûˡ
ĪֻЦ͵ڿԼˣŤŤӣ۾żдԶĺ¡¡ĪţٿĻԺЩݲݹҪ١
ûȥűʣֽһһƺڳ
ȡĪƺȻıʣһߣһºʵʱѧ
һ£ȻǰԺ󡣡
ŶĪƵͷЩոСˣ˵ȴ͵ģֻһ˲䣬ĪƶܶϣȲϣüظ˵һ顣
ǰҪϵȣǸöá
ͷһĪƣдЩɻȴǵ٩ţȻôѧɱˡ
ĪЦЦЦһ԰ףš
ȾĪƲԾЦֽд㻹˵ʲô
Ī죬һ򻨲裬ü̽ʵ䭡ΪνŪ᲻ᣬ
һ£ȴЦҡҡͷ︴ӵĪƶ
ʣתһ£дˣΪʲôȻ⣿
ûĪƱȥ·СһЩǷȴˣδŴ򵽴ϡ
̾˼շתǵãԼ뱻ˡգҲһ죬ֻû󣬿ȴܴյһ
޲ɱظᣬֺ޲ý˵Ķ䶼ڷϣ˶˵ؼҵĹӷˣؼҪˣҲȴֻһ˶һԵĽЦЦúܣһοһҡ
ȲԸ½ˣϾǰˡ˻ԴקĪƵ½ԼдҲдԼ˼档
ĪƵͷǺܷɵЦЦʵȱʲôǻܵģͷȻӿһ㡣
ȹŴϵֽʣȻ֧ӣյĪƵǰѰĴҧһڣǳͷ
Īƺһȴֵñ첲ȵĲӣԸֿ
ȷһҲͬû񫣬ĪƵ°ͼֻǵûڵǬزŰݡ
ǰգĪƿϴŴ΢΢죬Цشӣܱܲһ£
зһ˿罫ĪƵ˼͸§ˤȥ
ʱҹ껹ţİҡţ˾мĺƽֻ˼뱻֮O@Ħ
ĪƱȹڻּţãֻҧ´ϸĶһ·ءšһֲԾض
Ȳϸ΢ı仯ЦŸŪǱø࣬ھ࣬Īʵ̲סˣתͷȵĴﹾţֱַ˸ѹ£ȴΪ󻶣ֻǾĥ
ֻⵥ˲ϵĸоĪȹƷǻ񻹹á
ĪƺҲһʧյ䣬ƺҲѳ٣ĪƵĶߣ֪ȥĶˣҲ֪뵽˭ˣػһ
ĪأţֲѰЩѣסӴݶ
ֻǺȻ֮䣬ˡ
ԼգԼһЩϢƺҲ˵

ڶʮ Ҳ

ڶճѾͣˣɿ·ţӭһԺʯĵϻеδɺԵˮۣгһɳʪˬζţԺǷ𵭵Ц
ĪһԴţ﷭Щ㺣ȴ֪Ӧ˵ƺδǵԼϵ쳣
һҹ˶ѡ
ˡƬ̺Ī߹ȥԱ˲١
ȵͷֺ̧ȻذĪһ½
ĪƳ˳ǣͷһȸĨ½Ȼ̧ͷ˵ȥʦ⼾ڣͷָòˡ
ֱ̧Ȼţòȥ
ءĪҡҡͷֲǸĺӡ
΢ȣȻгˣҽ㾹Ȼöˡ
ĪЦЦͿöˣǱ׽Ūˣαһ¡˵վͿţظȥˡ
΢һ㶣Ȼתͷ΢ЦĪƵıӰĪ߳ͥԺ֮Цȴȵıָ䣬߻ǰʰһֽչüͷϸš
ֽǳ͢ĻҪıױϴζһȸеĸȴ޿κΡ
֪͢ҪۣľȷʵԽʵ۵ɽʱνķ߽˾ֻǲ֪Ӻʱʼıȣ˶֪˰սδһܣ͢սȴδһʤ߽ȫӲš
ҲΪˣ͢ҪıأҪؼ֧š
̾һ¹аŵǿⱲ嶯¶һؼʮ޳Ϊ͢ṩΪۣ
ΣȴڴӦֽ͢ϵݶ飬ȥˣȥ׼
ؼ˹ؽӹֻתʱ̾һ
Īƴؼҳ˵ҪȥԼʦ￴һģͷžҲ֪Լߵֱһ˵Լǰ̧ͷȥ
Īǰվŵ˴üΪҲΪֻڿĪʱһȻ͸־űȷҪߵ̴ӷţһƨڵˡ
ĪƱ˵ķӦŪͷԣüɻȴԵһȵ󵨣ܶ񣿡
¡ܶºīغһ䣬վã΢ӴսĪ,Ͱ͵ʵ࡭౱ǣ๫ӣ㡭㲻ǲٻ𣿡
Ī⻰ȻסǱ˳˻һ㡣౱еһ־͹ˡ
ֻĪƣºīߵļҲסˣΪǻûԼҴ˶˭ʧ̬
ºīʱҲˣģԼݴȥʵڲʣʱѹӵʣĪƵĸ첲˵๫ӣҪȵǶ
ſҡĪƻȻ˦ºī֣һԹŭקסºīҧʵ౱˭
󵨣һԵļ˵ֱָĪƵĺ
ºīһĪƵϸǰˣһ£еĿ־ȥǷʵ˭
Ī⻰δֻؿƺǱʯ뵽ȱܶģλܶЩ²⡣
Ī֣ſ˳ºīҡҡλεվȣɫ԰ףŵҲɡ
ˣյºīѻָ˳̬ǼԴɣ׻ˣĬĬ˻سºīԡ
ºīû˵Īһӵתˣֻţ˲౱㳤ü౱ǿ˵ӣüеƼΪ׿Ƥңˡ
ûգȴĪƴ
ȫڵʱĪƻظߣ·һߴϣתظԺվȵſڡ
طһ飬Щ룬һ̧ͷӿȴ˵ȥˡһ£ȻҡҡͷЦˣĪƱȻʲôأֲǹڡ

ڶʮ Ĺǰ

ĪҲݣֻżƵϣ¶ʵ㶼ϵó
һߵĴǣȻҶϵó
ĪƵͷĬƬ̣ժԼϵߣ߹ȥȵϣȻŸ첲бһԣƽضֲ
һֻֻһ飬ĪˣΪַЩ㽫еϣȻʵӣɺÿ
ĪЦˣĿЩ룬ͷÿȻűߣһһٵ˵֪ӡǣĪƵķʽ
һ£Īⷬû⣬̧뽫ϵժ£ȴĪưס֣ƵһԣĪԼֽϵժ£´Լϡ
ߣȿĪƵı飬֪ЩʲôֻôЩԹرȻôʹôժˣ
Ī󷭷ɵҲȻţժˣҽš
һ۾͵شĪϿһ£ۼԽԽԼĴԼǰűϡ
ĪļһһֲֻԾƵԼ󣬽ǣҪһ㡣
ʹŰɣƻҿɲܡһǺ΢΢ЦűȻָĪƵһ¡
Ī͸ϵС׿ȵЦпһ㡣
౱˭
Ī⻰ȣα£ƽްֲ
ţαºҧīʾȵתͷĪơ
౱Īظһ顣
α½īÿдݵֽŵû죬һʵô֪ô˵ģ
յؾǻܶĪƴ£α¼ǿͩɣ˵ġ
αգӱһдŲмźõֽһԵĻУɫĻȻգۼ¡
Һú񣿡Īۼǻ£αʵ
αĲмŨˣĪƵĲһۣҡҡͷ˵񡣡
ĪЦ£еĻӳУԾš
ĶĪƼʵ
ˡαµ˵ĹڳβɽɽҪԼȥ⡭α̧ͷĪƣһаЦҪ֪񣬰౱ʬڳƲ֪𣿡
ĪƶαµĻֻ̾תôģ
αٴ̿һֽմīˮıֽϣȴôҲ䲻±ʣòˤǱʣĪ˵Ǳɱġ
Īƴס
Сĵα³Цû׼Ѫ¸Ҳɱˡ
ĪƿЦ׷ʲôԺǻ豻ķӿ˿˿紵Ϩˡ
ʱĪƳǣȥ˷βɽβɽɽȻһĹֻĹªúܣһǰһľ㵱˱ϿŤŤ౱֣˶ѡ
ǰӲúïʢǵļҰĵطƽ
Īڱǰ£ϸϸϵ֡ľڵúܣϸľĪһ֣ĪƵû⣬˳·һƣ౱Ĺǰ
ɽ紵ǳˡ

ǰʢġ
ӻݶ,ͶԹ,̰,̩,͡α»Դϴеһ仰
бι㣬αλҡҡͷһ
α°ϣһʵʲô
һһŵͶʳ˵ֻǾģһ쵽ֻ֪Щ
αһȣ㶮ʲôҪ£֪񡣡
Ƴαһ£֪
о٣١αƲƲ˵ȻΪʥ̾ѧΪ̫ƽ
̾˿ӡ
ˡα¾ָȵԴһʱҭ˵תͷһϴ˯
౱ӣܲܣ
౱Ժ۾˳αһۣá
ҡα߶˿
ʲôȲα˵ұ뿴˯˯ŵš
α̾˿ȶЦˣ鼹ָָȣָָ౱ЦʿƤĻһӵĺˮ˵飬ȥݺ¼ȥˡ
Ҫ˯ʲôʱ򣿡αߺȽʳͶ˳У౱ʵ
ϰɡ౱źǷش𣬡㲻뿴ҵǵһŴҡ
ЦЦȥ߱˵Ҳ鷿һ顣
š౱Ӧһʵû⡣

ڶʮ ó

ųееݣ౱ӿ˸ظ鷿ȥ
౱ؼҵĹ⾰ˣΪ䣬ԺܵȵΣ⸮еĴСͶأ౱ദþƽһ㡣
鷿ںңѪǹϷ˺ö־ֳ˵ĶԼùܣͶƵ౱ϡ౱ݵǽ̾˿һۣƽһ¡
ɴ鷿ſھĳƽŶһ౱½ǽק鷿ڸɻ
鷿ʰ˽һʱŽطŪù౱ﱧŵһѾ˱˵˳ƽĻ
Щȥɡ౱˵
ҪˣƽѶѹһ£գ۾ʵ
Ҫˣ֥ùӵ౱ͷذڰ֣ͻذɣûʲô¶ˡ
ţ֪ˡƽƵӦһϲ౱߸ϵ̬ȣԼӻˣҲͰݲȥŻתˡ
ƽߺ౱лһȦûʲôԺ󣬲˳鷿˷š
ʱȫڣиݵĵƻѾϣӳĻϵ¡౱ǰ·һϣŽ²֪ĸ䴫нУ˼Ƭ̣ƫһСȥ
ϣǼС౱ƿŽȥα§һſϣҡҷЩƣ롣
δ״Ԫأ౱ţαµ٩
αºһˣģ
ô౱߹ȥ˸£˸յԼһ裬һȥδ״Ԫʲôˡ
Цҡα°Դϣ౱һۣ˵ҾӻˣҪ
౱𴽽ЦЦѧαµſһ˵ǣûЦ㣬Ǿ֣˵ظһСףûȡǰԼȥˡ
αεЦЦ˵Ҳǲ֪ȵӣȥıô
Ҳǡ౱ִ˸ǷԼЩʹļ򣬺Ȼ۾αµֱ˵δ״Ԫȱ𶯰
αһȻһδ˳౱Ŀ⿴ȥͼһֻĵԼֱϣǿԼƤ壬αһüҪָܣȴ౱£𶯡
Ӹܵϸ΢𶯣ϸȶһ£оΧƽԺż˶ǿ̽αµֱ̰Ѫ
ۼӵĶӹ౱̧֡žȥӱı⣬αµֱһСѪ
桭αض֣ΪʲôֱӺƫƫҪҵѪ֡
౱˴ϵ˵ȥһ˰ˡ
α¹౱һۣ˵òѪ
౱ˣӰѸ첲쵽αµǰЦΰѪһ㣬١
α౱һۣҲ֪ôģץĸ첲ſھǸ첲ҧһڣתͷһ౱Цеģûһӡ
ˣ౱βαʵ
α̾һεҡҡͷ˵ˣǻ˴̶˲֪Ӻδ졣
౱Ҳϣ߷ŵڱָԼһ裬һα˵ãд̵Ҫȥ˯ˣŰɡ
αЦˣһǸģΪ˺裿
еĳδ״Ԫ౱αһۣҪԼһƵûģҲù
α²ΪȻֱϹһӰЦˣ㻹Զɡ
౱ִ˸ϴĺǷӻֳαµӣתԼȥ;˸ȵǰͣһ¡ҹڵȴȻδϨ
౱Ƶǰűֻ˰ʲôҲûǲȻ˯ˣһ䣺ʲô´ʱŪοǶġ
౱һ£ʼŽȵУЦǵأ´ǽǵʱҾˡ
ЦһյȲð뵵౱󣬴ɫ˵ұҲ㣬м¶Ҫȥ졣
౱գգۣһЦõı飬˵ȣҿɸոհŪҵ鷿ã첲ؼֲֻһˡ
ȹ𴽽ǣ˵ؼǲȱˣҾֻŵù㡣Ⱦ͵ͷѹµֽûע౱ĵ۾¶ֺ

ڶʮ 

ֽݸ౱౱ӹдһЩ͵ص㣬ʵʲô
ǰյһЩ⡣˵˺˵׵ţƤ˻ˣԭϺõĻţƤڱƤ
౱ͷ˶ϵֽʵ¶˭ģ
ֽкصˣʣµģͿŰɡȼ˵
౱ƲƲ죬ֽϵִԵعһ飬ʵһж׵ţƤˣ
ָ˵
ֻ౱Щȡ
šȴ
౱һߵǣЦһ£˵ɣվȥ졣
ºҲЩˣ۾ӳŵƻĿЩ͡౱ȵ룬˵ұˣ˯°ɡ
¡Ȼסתߵ౱ֹ˰ֻ˵һ䣺´ٸǽǣҿɾûôõƢˡ
౱ЦЦֻ˻ϵֽţ˵֪ˡ
ڶ౱ֽȥȵţƤ飬Ŵ鲼·ɸͨˣţһ·һҵӦҵˡ
ƤǴë׺ͻţƤϸëף㲻ֱ治ɡƵﴧţƤ౱˵һ䡣
˾òתƼģ౱־ͷŭڣҧҧչȥʵôҲҪҷһ㲻Ҫͱ˵
౱мЦЦĻͬʵţƤѣǮ
ϺõĻţƤĦһϵĻţƤµ͸ЩţƤĴһôܸҼǿӻζҩ޻û¶أҿɲôû
౱һ£û˻д˰Ѵ˼һ£ʵؼҸĹǮѵȥһҩģ
ЦЦؼҵĹǮҲ٣ֻǳȥһӵĳԴöٵƽõҩľͽˡ
౱ƲƲ죬͵ţƤͲؼҲ
⻰ĬˣãӻͳţƤ˵ҾֻҵĶûõĵ
౱ҧһ´ǣһЩ֪ԼǷ˵ĵʱû
ˡ౱Ըȥӻͳһ˵˵ÿ¶ึЩӣҲԽõ𣿡
㶵ؽӹӣлˣֻӺܳ󶼿ѹˡ
౱ջظʱϣ䵽ȵǰûؾֱ˽ȥ
ˣԺ󶼲ټţƤ¶ˡ౱˵
˴ˣбϣʡ
Ȼ౱Լһյ˵
ǾͺáĿû뿪Ϸ˸˵
౱ƲƲ죬߹ȥȵ齱ߣ°ʵǲһ춼ˣ
ȳһе£̧ۿ౱üʵ㴩ʲô
౱ͷԼϵ·ЦΪ˰¶ϻţζأš˵౱ȵıǼϴա
ȱֵɢĳЩҡһס౱첲ţȻŤ˱飬Ǹ첲һӣ˵ȥϴ裬ϴɾҡ
ˣ౱Ц֪ȲԸţƫҪһߴգҪ˵ҵ껹ҰʳǲǾҪҸϳؼˡ
һ౱ԼһʵֲҰˣΪʲôҪӹԵģ
౱һЦʳĴүˣÿҪ˵ʱ㻹ʲôģ
ÿҪֲܳԡЦ˵ߵһ£ʶؾͱסȵĽš
ģ𣿡౱סӺһȵĽʵ
һ£Ȼ̧౱ؿһ£һ౱齱ߵ֧ϣ۾˵Ҫ𣿡
౱ϣЦŵ٩عӣ˵ľ˰ɣﵽ⣬ûһůĵط
౱һۣקһֻ֣Լľ࣬౱ʵůů
౱ţеȷůģԼܵԾŵѪֻһ˲䣬౱ˣعʱæԼӳȵӡ
ҪһֻԱӣҪԼԲܳ١

ڶʮ 

ۿ౱Լǰӵ˰ΣȻԼĲӣ£·ϣ˸ߵ黩һŪˡ
ſŵ飬̾˿ûȥ񣬿Եһ˿֪ʲô
˵౱ԼӺѵϵ鲼·ˮԼϴϴְһˮн˻ԼĶͷϣ۾ϡ
౱αʱ⺰
౱˲ϵˮһӣ˵
ȥˣһ춼û㣿αŽʵ
Ȱ¶౱һ䣬´ӣ΢αʵô¶
ûʲô¡α˵ڿŵϿ౱,Ʋ۾Ƶġ
౱תЦû¶ʲô֪ӦŴ£һֻʥ𣿡
Ǿһղڸеֲġα°౱һۣ㿴ʲô̬ȡ
౱ٺЦЦ߹ȥҲϣƵα˵õõãҴ˻Ҫ֪ĻӦúóԺúдŵġ
㵱û׳һ졣αҡҡͷ˵
ǡ౱ûƤûЦֽ̧սˮαµĲӣһȵĸоָ
αȴ౱һ²ӣһԶ㿪üʵʲô㡣
౱֣ůһ£ôԶʲôֲܳ㡣
αŲӣñӺһ˵˭ֶ֪ʲô˼ء
౱ƲƲ죬ֱӺ棬˵ˡα¼ˣĵشչȥҲ˵ֻ౱ϣͷԺʯŵֻȸߴߴģ˵úܡ
պ硣౱һЩϴõĹȵȥ
ժģ㳢౱ӷȵǰ˵
˵˵ץһӣûĶĸժӡ
౱ЦЦ㻹ͦƭ֮ǰҲôα¹ûз⣬ùͳԡ
ǸӡЦ̾ҧһеӣȻӻͳһƵ౱ǰ˵ˣһӻ㣬ҿûôƺʩ
౱ţƤİӣȵؿʵȥˣ㲻ң
ûСȶ౱ֻʩ̫ˣ֮󵽴Լùˣ⻰һֱҵĶ
౱һ۾Цһ˵ùˣǸˣ
˱ҸˣҲؼйϸ𡣡ȵش
౱˵ͷ̾ؼҴӣ¶ˡ
౱һۣлʵͬ
౱ҡҡͷЦҲͬǺͬԼҪʲô¶ҸϳؼңҪҰˣ
ͱκ顣˵ȻĻҾͰȫǵҰظԵĶûȥ
౱⻰Цˣȴչȥ˵عӣкãظԹôˣôһֻҰҰɡ
Ц౱һۣͷᣬ˵ϺŶˣţζһûˡ
ǣɿ佱౱Цò̫һ˫۾
պȵһȱԻûʲôãԺжֻǼڴȫܵģԶкȻһ軨ȱǲԸܵģ౱ȴִҪţߴشӻݲ˵īͣȽ÷ˣͬڽ
Ȱ⻨ӵĽڵԶԶģϸһӸͷֲ
ҺôҲǻ˲ǮģͰúð𣿡౱żϣȽɻһǽߡ
ҲǿȰҰķݶϲŰģҪȻҾֱٸӽƻˡȺ޺޵˵
౱ˣǸҺôӡ
תͷ౱һۣʹۡǻһ£ǽǡ
౱Ŷ˵
żϵ౱߹ȥո߻һҲһţʵǲҲ㱩
Ӵǡ౱ضһ£Ȼͷ˵㡣
ȱ౱ûƢһߡ
磬ĬƬ̺󣬻˼˵Ҹ׵ļգͲŪʲôȽˣαҹȥɡ
౱ְֻ߬һ£˵ͷƽ˵á

ʮ 

ظÿȥԼĸΣһһڼա
ÿȥʱ򶼲ϣʲô˸ţǴα£Ŷһ౱
ȥظ죬һϸܵСꡣ
ȶԼ׵ĹǰһЩֽ౱αվȺԶĵط˶ûдɡϸڷ˿ϴɾӨ鴮
౱ܲʱ˵ԶɽһǷ
ʲôα´һ౱һ
ʲôֿҡ౱һۣһľ߸ϣһû˯ء
αε̾˿ⱧԹĻҪǻᱻġ
౱תתĹصһȦɫԶɽˮУ̣˵ض徻
šαֽµ飬ضѡģͼľһ徻
徻ۡ౱˵̬Ͷˣʡġ
αüתͷ౱ĮɫȵıӰ౱մһЩˮ飬м¹š
һЩֽȱ߻αº౱ߣɫһ㵭ģϲŭ
߰ɡ˵һ䣬µıϸꡣ
౱۾һظĹϵ壬Ҳϸб£һģ౱һɫתͷǰŵˡ

ⶫӦ÷Ķõҽ㣿
ظææµµģʱܹҪѸ׼Ķǰãڵů¯ůҲҪǰںãôЩëëŵ˻õ౱ѵ⡣
ѵ˴Ÿͷ˪˵һ㡣
ʲôҲֻһԿ౱Ц
౱ûŤĶǸù˻У˵øʲôʲôȥ´αٱҴ
Ӧһæˡ
౱һתͷȣڰܽˣ㿴ʲô
ȴ۾ЦеҡҡͷûʲôǾúЦ
౱һۣӣűߵһȵĻ˵ЦҵŸɵ
رǸӣƾʲôҪҰᡣ
ƾոЦҡ౱˵Ⱦһû͵ˡ
ڷܾЩ׵ĵط
Ÿʲôᵽ鷿ȥ౱˵
ҡһʱ֪Ӧ˵ʲôúЦˣ౱ϵӡ
ֻؼ˼龰סˣδ뵽౱ȻԼҵӶʹһԷɾظﴫˣʼССֵлǱ˵ؼҼŶ֮񱡢֮ã˸õظС
⻰ؼ˷̸ʱ򴫵౱ĶУ౱ֻҧСָŰЩ˵ҥԣȲҲȥ׷˭ҥأ⻰ԭⲻؽ
⻰һڲǺɤ˺þòŻ
౱ĺ󱳣ЦҲڶôɣҾ͸ҸȢؼңǻҲ߰˵
౱˵ٸ¶¶˱ˣҲ˭ҥҪصط
ֻһĶܶµסڿڰ౱˵ֱһӣôˣվȥɫһŵԲò˫ȫĹ
ȵ౱һۡ
ȱֻ౱ǿһЦڵڶЩʱʹһŮͼӵȵǰ˵㿴ѡһѡԼǵġ
üͷǱͼᣬˤ౱ĻЩ˵ĶĻĶȥ
౱ģǱͼǰҺòģͿһ۰ɡ
ȵ౱һۣߵϿţҪ౱ԶԶġ
౱ӣǱͼᣬЦһ£Ȼ߹ȥһͼȵϣ˵ǲ֪ⱾûȤ
ûУߡ˵
౱ֻվԶԶҡҡͷ֪ٶȥû׼ķˣ˵Ǳҽ˺þãżҪĸ˸˵ͳɡ˵ûȷӦأæŵĨˡ
౱ıӰص̾һ۹ϵ飬˷ֻ˼ҳȾ;һɻ
ԭͼϻľЩòԼСͯһΪ¶ǣβҳ˼Ӽ䴲ʷĻϸġüãֱա
ðǣЩòӵФ䣬౱ġ

ʮһ Զ

౱ӸԺתͶ㵽αµȥˣһīһߺٺٵ֡
ʲôأ˷ʺˣα±Ūÿȥ飬̧ͷʵ
౱īī֭պպЦҽһˡ
αüͷ˭ˣ
ȡ౱Դ˵
㲻춼𣿡α²ʲôֵģ˵
βһ౱˵ű߽į̄Ͽ˿ģŪαһīҸģ˳Ҫҵˡ
ġα½̯ӵ౱Զʵû¶ʲô
౱ЦЦֻīֻģָָϵαʵôڶЩĿƾ㲻Ѿô
ûءα˵ûǻҪμӡ
ǣ񡣡౱ű۵
α±౱ӶˣЦ˵ӻһͷϻţ
һͷϻţ౱еīʣ˸˵ؼ´СС鶼Ҫҹһܣ۵ûġҾϣظԺһ
αȵʵҪ뿪
౱ͷߴϵһԼһЩ飬ܲһӶظɡ㲻Ҳһ㿼˹˹٣˲ƣ㻹ظ𣿡
αɫ˰Ȼ̧౱ʵظԺȥĶ
౱ֹԼĲţ˵ȥ徻һĵط˵ն˶٣αüЦһȥ
α±౱һʣȻ;öһ£æһۣ˵ƾʲôҪȥҿҪ
ͣͣͣͣͣαҪʼƪˣ౱æֹס㲻ãʡһΪôӲһġ
α°౱һۣͷ̨߱౱ŪЩѾɺԵī㣬ȻֲƵĿʵҪ𣿡
౱ֻЦһûûεӡ
౱ڶȥȵʱʵſԥ˺þõģҲĥ壬ȿǱ֮󵽵׻ǸʲôķӦãȵӣǲ̫ܵˡ
Ȼ౱Žȥ󣬾ͼͬһ˴һɫ˿Լϡ
౱Լ촽ֿһ£˵㱸ˣ㰮ԵǼҶʹˣûʲô⡣
̵ź·౱Ļֻ˵ͷȻĿ౱ϡ
Ҹʲô౱װĵӣٲȥԷͶˡ
ֻĵػش𣬽౱ոµϳ˳Եطҳý౱Ż򿪣Ƶ¡
ҵ֪㻹ϲáҳ౱ʵ
౱֪ԼֻЦŽõĻش˵˳ʲôϡģһһȡ¡
۾Ŀдһɫɫȴ౱ЩЦ
ȹָֽ鷭ҳ˵ĸȡ裿
౱üЩЦǣ˼ζǷǾܸܡ
౱ⲻĻûɵһͣеӻƽֻ飬౱ʵ¶жã
ʱͳˣԼǵˡ౱Ц˵ʵѹû¶СʱҪʱ򣬵ЩүҪ׽ȥͯ౱ϱñ׵ҲԸӡŻ񣬾ֻΪȣ˽ֽǵһʦúġ
ΪʲôҪȣ౱ԼҲû׼ȷ˵Ĵ𰸣֮£һѡ
ȶ౱Ŀȴû˵ʲô߳ӳ緹ȥˣߵþɴ࣬౱һºŸϡ
ȱţʵҵһһ㣬ֻ緹һθҲûУֻʶȥ
ˣθڣҪóӸһݡ౱Ա˵⻰ȴмֻϽ͵ζ
ءֻһƣ˵౱ӽ̤ظˡ
౱⻰һգһ۾ʵ⻰棿
档˵ظйķϣҶͼ㡣
౱м־ȣȴҲ֮Уչǲ̹Ҳ֪ԼǶ˻ǶӮˡ
౱ֻЦһ£˵лˣعӡ
һعӡеؿ˴һܡ
պ౱Ȼûٽظ

ʮ 

౱ֻǺϢ뿪ظƺһûߣƺֽһжˡ
ʱɽϵһУ౱һɫۣڵϣǰֿ
㵽׻᲻ᰡαЦһֱţ౱巨þβϽл겻ϴһεĽһ
ʲôġ౱קһ¿ҪӼϻȥǼ˵̱Ȼߡߣڰ׶ѡ
ʲôڰ׶ѡαŵһӣ˵ѧʴȥˣͱװˡ
౱Ц̾һҲԼĺӻڵϣ˵˲ˣû˼
αҡҡͷֽɢĺӺͰӣһһ̾˾䣺ʧ˻Ƶġ
ʧİɣʲôϵ౱Ÿ߸ߵ
Ĳ⣿α½ԼӻУײеһ˿
౱Ĭһ£΢΢̧ͷʵѵϣ⣿
αӵֶס̧౱ɫЩףҲϣ
౱ЦЦӣִαµļϣ΢΢һ£һЦӡ
α̾һƲͷȥ˿ⷽЩͷˣ﹩ŵļĿˣ񱻳ǣ滹˵ɭ
סϾͲ£αʵģЩ񶼺󱳷ˡ
౱˳Ŀ⿴ȥһЦ˵ʲôµģһѣֲŻ㡣
αüͷŰɣʱЩ㻹ʲôҪһ
౱תһ飬ͷ˵СҵռйƷĳ껨ظʱɲôɶˣһݡ
αЦЦȴһ˿ܣ·Ǳ˻һССĿӣһ˿˿ۡ
αظʱײȣһ޾ɣǴһ㡣
ȥˣαºȿʵ
šαһӦ
ޱ飬תߡ
Ͳ֪Ķ𣿡αºȻȵıӰʵ
롣ش
αҧҧҪſ
˵ˣҲ̤ظȱα˵
αص̾һǿӣ֪ʲôʱ˻øˣ˿۵Ҳ벻ֻڱɽϵǼ֪ڵ㡣
ԭأ˺þòתαȴѾߵˡ
ҹЩ䣬౱е˿˿ûû˵ĳŪ˯ţѰЩɲһСС
౱ͷ𣬴öУһöһöס
Т౱Ҳ֪ʲô˵
޷磬ȴҡҡ౱ţȻһᡣ
ɱвУ౱˵ɱ𣿡
һ£࣡һ
౱ϴǣЦúᣬˡ
౱֪ԼǺʱ˯ŵģڶǱͶѵģſڵżϻֻϲȵߴߴ໥š
౱˸ʵ۾ش˸Ƿ
౱סضûظ˺á
౱źǷأȻȵͷһµܿվһǣؿ
౱ŵÿôˣα¸ģ
û˵ֻߵ౱£ۿ
౱תͷܿȵĿ⣬ŲһԴܣȴȳסӣһץ˻ʵ㻹Ķȥ
౱ЦˣָָȳסԼ·ֻ֣˵عӣߵģ㿴ӡ
㡭Ȱҧ͵ߣ
ʲô᲻õģ౱Ц赭дֲظһӡ
ȶ˶٣౱۾һȣһһٵ˵᲻á
౱סЦϣŵȣ;һα㱻Ƶ˵ϡ
Щ޵һ۾һڣͲܲˣ౱ϣסļ˵ϲǰζҾһγΣ
ˣ౱üţȴоһҶֻ˵Ǳ飬ϵĻڲѵ㿴
ˡ˵ҵˡ
ȣɵ౱ҧһζȰ棬ֻ⻰ֻ˵ԼĻ˵ġ
⻰ȴЦЦЦǳȴů౱Ĵ
౱۾ȴȵнʧҲˣֻ̧֣קȵ½ǣɴࡣ
ȣ˵Ҳ̤ظģ⻰㲻㣿౱ᴭʵ
ҧһ౱Ķż˵:㣬˵Ļջ
౱ЦЦҲǡ
ҪǲظˣҲˡȽ˵һֻѽ⿪౱´
౱Ūᶶһ£˵ͷ˵ﶼסúá
޷ֻҪԸ⣬ҿһӡ
౱⻰󣬺Ȼؿڷƣȵ½˵һĶ˵˵ôףоƽʹ졣
Ҳǡȶһº˵ҽʹ졣
˵գֱԼϵ·ȻЩ³ק̹౱Ū౱һѣΣǰһһ׵ģûαſڻһò׻ָһЩʶתͷͼαռ;ƺ㶵վſڿ
౱Ҳһ£αǱﾹЩɬȴЦЦЦżȻ
ϵıȴûʲô仯Ƭֻ̺αһ䣺ûУ
αʱŻ񣬼ǹųġ
αߺȲתĨһ౱ϵϸȻ⡣
౱ҧأＷֶ֪
౱Ȼ֪ʼն֪
أȸ౱Ķͷ
顣౱³
˵ͷ౱Ķһǣ౱ȵһ첲ǰˣĿȴȴδ
ĿЩɻ󣬵뿴ʱ౱ȴ۾̧ͷȵĴҲۣ̽Ĵ

ʮ 

֮ȵסǼҲֻǰյʱصظһЩϵ飬ͻ̸ϻ౱һעƵġ
ĻȷʵܲʱֻвƷϵĳԼϵһЩţЩһС˵ʵǲҳݣˣΪʧޣĴĴ©ŷ磬ʱ䡣
һ߽౱ӵڻ仺ţһǲҲûط౱Ͼסﲻһ֮ơ
౱ȵļ磬ҲÿŲŲʵʲôô񡣡
Ȳͷ౱һۣȻӵøһ֣˵Ű·һ£ٻߣѰһסһֵضܲܳסȥ
౱ЦشүͿסˣض꣬ǽܵ磬Ѿˡ
Ȼ˸ƣǱ㲻ˣֻҪסȥҾ㡣
౱ΰЦЦһҡҷòʵȣ㵽ҵģ
ȱڱ۾౱⻰ۿδ̫˼ֻһֱҡ
ˣ౱ʵ
ȷʡ
౱һ£ϴҡͷЦܡ
ҡȴ³౱һ§ѹ£Ŀﺬһŭ
౱ڱĵϣԼɢҵͷҧҧһ˵£ΪʲôҪ
û౱˵꣬ȾѾҧ촽ҧһѪ˵Ĵݼš
ԭҲµʱ౱š
֪ҿ£ֱ౱ϵ˿ڲѪˣȲɿĴĶ˵
ҪϢ౱˼ͷֻЦžȴԵüΪ̶
Цʱֱ౱šһѣš౱亹ֱ£Цȴδ
һҲһ䣬㵽ôҵģȵ
౱תͷƽȣ˵ӡ
Ŀⰵ˰ؿֻ˵һ䣺ѡ
౱ȴûҧҧ֧ԼһְֻסСߵ֣ʵҪǲҪʹġ
⻰ЦЦһ˿ɬ౱Ķҧһڣд˼ְ˵ɲԸ̹һ
̹𣿡౱´ʵ
˵Ĳ౱ӣ౱ؿڣȸоó౱¶ģһֱǡ
ؿǰһů౱һɲЩȻȴҡҡͷ̹ˣǶȡα»ǶԼ
ˡ̾һ˵౱ѹ¡һҹûзŹ౱౱ʼܹ˼ţʧǣŪ˻ģһжƺûʲôãݵġ
ڶյʱ౱ɫЩ԰ףҲЩ˻ƣɢ˼һ㡣֪ܣͰϴ£౱һ
Щٻ౱˵
š౱Ӧһڷϣ۾
û˵ʲô౱ۣظȥˡ
౱ϣöûжطʹܸȴԶûǿҡ
౱ɱȵģ֪ʲôʱʼľһһˣʵûȵӣֻĳˣڣȴûгô򵥡
µǣ˵ңÿһ֣ÿҪһΣо͵һ㣬һӲȥĨƺҪˡ
ˣ౱ҧ˽ˡ
ڽһ֮ǰ౱ȥһˣһֱŵһˡ
ʵα¿ʼ¥ײ౱ȵҳ֮
մӱɽҲ֪Լ˶Զ֪ԼΪǿһ㣬Ժα½ǵж׿ˣȻЩûһ˿һ壬㽫֮Ҳб飬õĻǵò
οࡣ
յģαҲҪд¥ӵŮ뻳Իӿѳûյӡ
ӡ
αһȴĶ̫ϤˣȴϤ
αۣվǰǸˣеʧΣα¿Ц
ôˡα౱ʵץֱߵľƺһ౱ݹȥ˵ҪҪЩơ
౱ɫӹαеľƱȻǾƱڵϣץαµֺݺݵ߬ţȴƽʵ뿼𣿡
α´ͷŹڵϵľƱգգۣȻӻͳһֽ౱ǰ˻Σ˵㿴ˡ
仰ȴûһ˵̫Ӷһƽ档
౱㶡
α½ǷŻԼĻ̧ͷ౱۾˵ҺȻã벻Уû̫ķֱ𡣡
౱̾һαµؿϺݺݴһȭҧ˵α£еϢвС
αֻںЦЦϣǰйϢ౱֪֪ʵα¶סϵЦݣĬ˺һ֮ż˵ʵҺҪ
౱ٴס
α´ͷڿ֮е΢΢ز̧ͷȥ౱ֻոһ仰ƺѾһӵþˡ
౱ڻһߵαµߣļ˵л
α´òŻ̧ͷȥʱѾ౱Ӱ
౱д¥淭źöһ𣬷ֲⲻ
ͦů͵ģӳԶʳϵϣɫĹʣÿúܣ౱վڳϣԶȻһתֱǼҩȥ
һ˳ӣСؽŻ棬һ˿ضųϵĿ̶ȡ
ƹġ౱߹ȥ䭵档
šֻ̲Ӧһͷû̧ʵҪץʲôҩ
౱һ촽ƽ˵һصҩ
һ£еĳӸ̧ͷ౱˵λӣǸҩݣβ˵ĵطôҩ
౱Ц˵ˣȻҲ֪ɱˣƹģֲɱʲô޹ˡ
ҡҡͷһҾ˵ӻѰɡ
౱̾˾α»ҪšҪ

ʮ 

ҪԸˣҲס౱ûٷЩ࣬ű߶ȥ
౱뿪ԼǰΪǷˣٴרĵصͷǶҩģȻ;һһ̧ͷͼ౱ѾǿŵŴϣ
ӣʲô䭷еĳӸˣɫЩѿ
౱קקţȷƲ˺߻䭵ߣ֪ʱжһذ污ֽ䭵ĺϡ
Ҫһɱ˵ҩ౱ƽأһһٵ˵
䭳ôĶҽҩģﱻвɫ˲ɷףŵһڿˮȴںỬʱذ׵мһϸϸСڣۡ
ӣСûС˵ʵ
౱εسһ亹乵Ķͷ˵͸һҩ
ҧҧĬֱе౱ĵûջص˼ŵ˵ͷȴغԼܺ˵ͷųضһѵЭ
౱ӦˣϵذףػУ˵ˣҪһ˻ҩ
̧µͷؿ౱¶ҽϿȴûʵ˵ǵ깬еĹŮΪ˶Ƴģҩɹµ裬ȱǼ
౱Ŀػ䭣֮ǰҪõҩͱҪˣأԼ
򴽣תȥҩȡҩˡ
ϵأܹ֮ǰҩݸ౱ҩǳʷĩ״СֽУɱ˵Ƿҩ䭵˸ֽ档
лˡ౱ӹֽʱ˵жЩ԰ס
ӣãҩüͷ౱䣬ȴ౱һƴ˻ȥ
҆¡౱˵ǰźҩ΢΢̾һ󣬾ǰźҩƵ˵պ˵ֻһҩģҽģɱˣŽҩ˻ҩҪһ֪𣿡
䭴Ƭ̣һص˵ͷ
౱ЦЦеҩ˻תȥ˨һѰˡ
ɽϵУ͵Ƕˣֱȵڲż౱˸ʳƵش߽
ɽˣķԣ֪ʡ
š౱۾ӦһʳӷڵϣȡļʳһܲҪһֱط
ȥαˣȼʵ
ǡ౱˵һԵĻš
кЩûظˡ˵ߵ౱£ǰĻƽ˵
Ѱȥˣﻹ˵ϻصظ౱Ц
ҡҡͷȻؽ첲౱ļϣؽ§ԼĻͷĴ΢Ĺɢ
ˡ֮౱תͷܿȵǣ߽ڻϵȡ±˵ҿɶˣҳЩ
ڵĹȻܰȿ౱ıӰͻȻʲôԸȥˣֻǴֲ赭¾͹ˣֻҪ౱һֱߡ
棬˶ѡ
౱ֳݣһݵݵУ˾䣺̡תͷһݸһԣǺק˹Ҳǵһȵǰ
ش౱ȴƱһڣֱһĸŽеľһ
ǺȻͦõġڸ󣬷ֲһ䣺ٱظá
౱һƣ΢΢ضֱΣ
ȷ¸һƣƵԵʣҩķٶȱĪԤҪ˲٣ƻûϣۼȻ£˵ϣɫ΢΢Щʹࡣ
ڵµһ̣౱ɫӳ۾ɫӵ޷ȴ֪ɫûаֵľȣ࿴ȵǰһƬģʶɢ
֪౱Լ˶ϢؿϮ붯ȴûаֻԼȥûоûп־壬ֱ˼һ̣ԴľҲȫ౱
ֻЩ౱Զ֪
еľƣ౱̽ȵȻѾˣЩ¡
౱ûκ֪һ˺ܶ顣
Ȼ֪Сʱӡ̵ǳɢϯУظǸˣࡣ
౱ԭҲ˵ǸӵܣؼͣǴ󣬱ظżֻð뾩ǣҲҲڼɢˣ̶ֻһµĹ򣬴ƶ˵صס
౱ĸݺһǳܲסĴĳԺ˾ͲԾˣ˻𺿽У˶ס౱ֻۣͱԼס۾һȥԺҲûԼĸס
౱׵³ҲãΪʱ㱻Ұ°ȥˣֱһϢ˲űų˵ֻ߬౱
صĸСС͵౱ϡ
Ϊ˻ȥ౱ʲôġģֻҪܻţֻҪлΪﱨ˳𡣺Ҳһ·ҵ˾ǣҵظֻʱظѾȥˣؼΨһһˣȡ
Լǵõظգ滨ľϣµɨۣһԵ˵˿Żͦģúϴϴ۰ɡ
ֻ౱Լĳߣһ֣Լĸĸһɲ֪ģһȣ͵ĹȵԼҲûɱȡ
ûá
౱ЦԼܾڵԼǱα»ҪųųҳԼиġ
ٴʱպظС
С꣬ģ˺þòʶԼţӺʹؿںƣȷš
̿𣬺ůͣƽȵ齱ߴصԴӸ첲ϻȥһһ£һͿѾ۾գš
ӣˣƽæվʵ
ȴһüͷʹȴһҲ
Ҽˡƽ֪ȵ쳣æ䭻
ڣͷΪȰ˰ؼҵǰʱ֪ȾǷǸҩˣ䭶Լһҩʵûаգһظ죬Ѳ
ˣĲȥһ룬ԾҩǣʲôĲ֢æϸϸظż顣
Բѣֻ䭰Ūȴ˵Ļֻ޾֣ԼĶࡣ
䭼һæĶ̽ȥ˵ŻȾûзӦȥãתƽ˵ǼӣԺˡ

ʮ 

ʲô
ƽҲֻһëСӣ⻰æǼӲһôأ򵽵ûϸƣ
üͷҵȻϸˣǼȷʵʧϵ֢״
ϣͷ˵ȴһȥεԴ
ôˡ䭳ŵĳƽȴæ߹ȥ
ţʱǰһڣһŻظ
䭵ƽ˿֪תӰϳֽдعӣ˫ǿü
ȿ仰۾ʱȻʶԼĲԾɻ΢΢ҡҡͷ
Ұƽһ˿ǻ˵ת䭣Ҽ仹а취𣿡
䭵ͷҧҧֻ˵Ҳ֪
౱أʱȴ˵ˣ˻ƣ͸żֱ䡣
ƽʻһ£æǶקīд౱˹ˣҲ֪ȥĶˡ
ȰһȭͷǺ޻ʧԼȻֲˣӹīЩдɽɽȥҰ
ɽ౱ȻڣǵؼҵƵġ
ôû𣿡౱źǷƽʵ
ƽ౱ãһᣬקק˵ûǣˡ
ǣҡ౱Ц
๫ӣ߰ɣҼ˵Ҫءϵ˽ᣬƽ౱ļ硣
౱ظʱҲڣĿһºֻ΢΢شŲ
౱ֻһۣĿȿȥˣݵĵϾĴƬ౱㱻ѡ˸΢ɾһЩĵطסš
ɫƽȴ䵽˼㣬䭸ոսҩ֪౱Ҫصġ
౱ȵɫȴֻЦЦЦﱯϲС
ΪΣд֪౱ǸصˣҲ֪౱һֱΪ౱мĵġ
౱ʼ磬û˵úܶƺûбҪˣȻ˽ᡣ
á
ͱС
Ҳ֪˶ãȲд⻰дƽġ
ƽǶ౱Ҳһ£ȴ¶ЩȻɫҲȥԼߡ
죬һ³ȼƽٴд
ƽһ¿ˮŸǰŵ౱
๫ӡƽ౱࣬һ䡣
౱ЦƵᣬϵţʪϵı
๫ҲȲѡƽ౱˵ŵز
֪౱˵ͷ߬һڵһֽǸֽ滭һ
ҩԭΪԼ׼ģ˵ҩ죬û̫ʹ࣬౱ҩܱһЩ
˵ӱߵʱµôƽ౱ŵӣȻһʯһ𣬶
㲻ôࡣ౱һһϵϽ˵
šƽֻӦһͷúܵͣ๫ӣκűߺľͶ˺ˡ
౱ЦЦġ
ԵʣˮĴźӵ̣ЩֲֲУȴαµˢȥ
౱վںӵ̱߷һ㶣֪ǺʱģֱùóƽҲûжعͷһƣαŤһ
αƽһˣҲ֪ʲô裬ֱƽһѪŰݣȻ౱߹ȥһѾסڣҧ˴ȴʲôҲû˵ֻŭ౱
ˮδ౱ϻ¡
㻹ûţҿŵȡ౱˵ﲻոյɣϾαǰαװ
Ǹˡαº
౱ЩЦЦˣһҾͺ֪ˣذɡ
αҧҧݺݵ౱һȭȻſתһԿŵĳƽ
αµ۾ֱֱ౱ȴ֪ĺȻЦЦһģһƴľࡣ
౱ǰһڣؿȻʹһžѡ
ⳡΡ
౱̾˿۾ͼſڣڵһյ͵ƿҪȼˣ౱߹ȥһЩ档
ôûأ౱ʵ
徲徲̫˵
౱ЦҡҡͷҹЩ䣬һ£ϰԵ§һֻƺ򿪹һھƽȥؿǺܣأŸոЩڡ
ǵ챻α´֮ԼСѹˣ۾ĵһ˾ǳݡ
౱ҲںŴӳݵĿ֪αΪ˾ͨԵĽƽΪ٣ºī뿪ؼңҲʹ˽֪Ĺ౱ԶƽӦʱƪǵ£ʵǳα֮֡
ˣα»֪ĶŪһĿȫݵø׵ʬװ˴ظøȿֻȻǲ̻ǲԸûǾʬףֻԸ˽еĶȥιˡ
౱Դǳ״ʧˣαԴҲûйڣȣԴϰ塣
жˣ౱Ȼʵ
룬࣬ˣҲǲˡ
౱ЦЦؿڻǺۣǸоԽԽŨңƼһ㡣
ʱ౱ʵʲôû䡣
һҪٸꣿ౱ʵ
ݲ˵ֻűߵһСʯӣԶĲݶȥ
౱εҡҡͷ˻ľƺ˵ϣؿֱֱܵŻһѪ
ݱǱתͷ౱ǹ۵ĺɫؿŵϵ̲Ѫæ߹ȥӸ˸ı
˵ˣȥὫԼȥ˵
౱òЩȴվ§ոյľƺֹһȥȻʣµľƵ˵̲Ѫ֮ϣƵζڸǵѪҺ౱§ſվƺ˵ϡ
ֻ౱һУûȥֹֻ΢΢̾һƣ򿪾ƺ౱ĻС
౱ӹЩмؿ˳һۣһھƣȴһ˿ζƹѵˮһ㡣
౱֪Լûһꡣ

Ī౱ĹǰѾҹˣظһŵƣĪֻ̤һذɫ£齽Щĵطϵ
ôôȻû˯ĪƣŽ˲űȻʵ
ĪƻƬ̵ŵĵڵȴʱû˯ҲڵȻ䣬ĪϣԼ֪౱κ¡
ѵýɫÿ࿴һĪ˵ȥϵۣһԵ滨ϣԺ˾˯£صҡ
ȼ⻰ֻЦЦŲŲĪһЩط
ĪƺһյȵĲ߹ȥȵߣ̧ۿЩ̰
ȷеЦͷĪƣ˰ѵƴϨˡ
ŶĪӦһҪȥϵ
ˡȺȻסƵȵöȼˣɡ
ĪתͷһȻֻʣͭǮһضˡĪЦЦתͷȣ´β̰ɫˡ
ȹϴĪҴ˱ǣȻĪƵĶǳǳһ¡

ʮ Ϊ

ϵ֪ǺʱϨģĪû˯ֻ۾ŶƽȺͻĺ
ˣ˯˵ʱôƽȣĥ͸
ĪȵĺҲԾأŲŲǹӼϢĵϮĵɢȥ
һЩ磬Ҷû죬ŵ£֪

պĪѪڳ֧˸˵̯ӣ̯ʵѾķϺþˣ˿ḧϵǿľомϤмİ
Ī磬Ҫʲô°ֶ̼ҵСͯûĪǰӸߣĪư̯ӣأĪʵ
ĪƵͷЦЦཱུЦʵҪ˵Ĺ¸㣬Ҳ
ȻҡСͯһηӣ˵ҿǸӺ
ãӺĪƽСͯ˵Ц㳤øЩء
ΪĪ綼ЩûˡСͯ§ĪƵĲӣ˾˵ĪӶʲôȥˣ㲻ڶû˸ҽ£ĵúܡ
Īһ£һʱ֪ӦôشתͷһСͯĿ⣬ԼǰԶվһŻӣøӵɫ
Īһ۾е죬˼Ƭ̺΢һԥӽСͯ˵ϣ˵Īȥһλ˵Լһòã
Сͯ϶˼ʧǹԹԵ˵ͷˡ
ŻӱǳºīĪƷԼ⵽ĪƵǰòشš
´ˡĪƱòȿºīһ
ºī΢΢ͷʾһ£ڹٳþˣͶ㶼ĨĹټӣ˵Ҳһʢˡ
ʲô֣ºīڱʵ
ĪơĪƴһһ٣䡣
šºī˵еĽȣɫʱ˼֣Īӣм仰Ҫ˵
Ī΢һü˰벽˵´ˣܽˡ
ºīĪһԼǧ̬֮ȱЩջƫҪһ㣬ǰһקס˵ǲ̫ʺ˵뵽ҵĸһ𡣡
Īüͷأ£־ܲٲ⳯͢ƷԱӣ̧ͷ˳ºīƬ̣ǼԸ׻Эˡ
ºīܶ½ģװεüΪɣǰҪظĴһǰĻݰζǰһֻ׳¹ɼºīǵó͢á
Īƿֻ¹ЩĵűյеȲ裬ºīۿĪƵĲ˰֮ǿʵĪӣ֪౱๫ӵʲôϵ
Ī֪ºī£û¹ջĿ⣬Ҳϵˡ
ºīһ£ʵĪӺعʲôϵ
Īƶ£ʱתͷºī¶Ų죬´ˣΪЩ޹ʹĻ
ºīĪŭǽĲ²֤ʵˣȴ˵¶ǻ»Ǻ£ֻ̾һȻĪʵҲǣʣĪ벻֪౱飿
Ī⻰󣬰۾еĲյŻϣֻƽ˵롣
ȷ룬ֻ߸ǲ̡Щϣɵɵˣ֪öˣǶԼĥ
ºī˵ͷԳЦЦͦͦ˵ǱˣĪԺҪ֪Ļʱҡ
Īǿعһ´ǣվȥˣºīһʲݵˡ
ºīҲֻǻ˻֣ûֱ߳˸ţԸ̾һ䣺Ͼгˡɫͬ⣬ºī˵ﲻһˡ̾˸ͷյһƬƣ֪౱ţķӦ
ĵڣи¹ˣԻǰŵͷ¹ϸһѪض˵ºīǰ˵ˣѪŵʱȰɡ
šºīӦһоۡ
ĪҲû˼˵ʲôˣݲݵر̯ӣתظֱȵӣȻ֪ǳߺһȣ
ȾŽˣĿ̧ͷĪһӺһ£ȻЦűȻôˣϻ׷㣿
ĪƿȺһ֪ôģܻẦȵ߻ȻһˣһԼŵһģһˡ
ûСĪ˵Ȼתϸձһƿķţת˵Żһµġ
εҡҡͷϣָָԼļĪƱȻˣʹҪҪһ󣿡
ĪЦЦû˵ߵȵż
գգ۾붺һĪƵģ˭һﾹŪЩˣһץסĪƵ֣һֱȻҾǶ㣬û뵽㻹󡣡
Ҽʹ᲻Ҳ󣿡ĪϵĶûͣ£ʵ
һ£ƺû뵽Īƻʣŵͷ
ĪЦˣЦ͸Щ㣬Ȼһת§סĪƣԼš
ʲôĪʵ΢΢Щ졣
ⷦȱȻͷĪƵļѣľǳǳһڡ
ĪƹϴǣЦ۾ͷĪƵϡ
ĪȵͷЦʵ֪ԼȵежҪϡλصʱǷҲԻԼ֡
ȣ𣿡Īʵ
ȴû仰ʱ£ֻƾŸо֪Ī˵һʲô̧ѯʡ
£ҸⷦĪûظղŵĻЦ
ĿɻһûٶʣĪƵļϱ۾
Ī΢һͷȵĲϲһ£ֻĵ̧첲ӹϵļ˵ӿš
ЩĪʵϿףǼŵȴһīʹճĻϵһ˫۾էһ۾ϸ֮ȴֲȫһƺǶһЩʲôġ
Īؿ˫۾Ƭ̣תͷһȣǱ۾üͷ΢΢ţӣǷˡ
ȵĪƴһ۾Ƿ¼л˼ʵУŻϣȻͷȵСĵһ£ĿڴȴǱ˭һ
ڶĪûظھʹ˼ҵĸϣʹھһʹ٣ϹʳҪֵǼǣ̰īһ¡
˼ṵ̂ǸԲģ̰жҴţǸۡͨԱҵû̫
ĪݶϣաΪ𸮵ƣǱ⡣

ʮ 

ҹƺݴеĳ˯ˣĪƲŵ𸮵ݶ£¥޾ĴԣӳһСƽ̨ݵĪվȽŸ
ҹ˸ողѲһ飬ûʲô쳣ŵĺǷˣ̤̤ĽŲԶ
ĪƽŴһסĶһһȣĪƱ֪˯˵ģͳһϸͭ˿ָ䣬˳Ŵķ϶ڡ
ͭ˿ĪƵҹգס˴ĪƵָһͱˡ
ĪŴ΢춯֪ˣջͭ˿ڣȻС˴ӣ޾ڡ
޾ӵǲСҾ߰ҲӦоУɫĪƿ˯ˣһӷ׵˴һˣǸ§˵Ĳӣ΢¶˯㡣
ĪֻһˣˣһȦİڼֻûʲôϡģ˽̨ͭǰһκС
֮£ЩεǸʵһЩģõӣĪһЩԼǰĻͷ˻У־òۣһЩȥֱǰùҵزŰ֡
ЩĪƱת˵ǰﱧһ޾ֵǮƿ΢΢̾һȻݺݵؽֻƿˤ˵ϡ
ƿ̼һ̯Ƭѵǳ˯үֱӴӴϱŭغ˼䣺˭ʲôˣ
ֵǣ˯ǹҲˣϡﻹվһˣҲ֪»ӣһɤӺ˳¶ʱֳһƬ
ĪƵǵúܣֻվڶ˵ǰǺҵ˵˵ƻ˻ΪСء
˵ҹʲô
ҵĪѹס˵ϣ˲·Īǰʡ
͵Ī˵Ƶᡣ
ôֱ׳ģƽױĪ˺ΣòУ̧žĪƵؿһţȴߵһӲĶɻһۣﲻ֪ʲôԵ˵ǻﶼʲô
˴ӦĪƻȥ̳һϸ˿
֪ԼҵĶָЩƺ޺޵Īʵ˲ٰ
ĪЦЦ̧˵ûôģΪΪﲻʲôöȴˡ
㡭ָĪƵıһʱ˵óڷǴ̰٣һʱֲ֪α⡣
үүϢŭԵһʱæ˵СͰŸ˴ߣһ͵ٸȥʮصġ
⻰ȴҡҡͷ֪¶Ҫͱȥпܾͱ˲׽Ӱ˵ˣ͵ٸ̫鷳ҿûôྫϹġ
ĪЦһ
˵ͷݺݵصĪһۣŭǱ㵽ˣԸ˵ǰϳȥݺݵᣬ첲ȶۣⱲӶٿ֡
лˡĪ⻰æ˵ؿ˼š
˽һЩ˵
ߴߡո˵æҲ˵׳ѪĪƵԼҵĺԺС
Īƹڱשϣﱻ˼ƲȥﵹƽúܣֻȻ˫۾еĪѧ
Ժ͵׼͵ĪԣվһڴľĴ󺺣Ƶ˵Ƕȴһ仰䣬ľĪƵĺϣƵһ
Īֻͷһ̵תΪŲӣݶᱻҧ顣
ţҲ֪˭һ첲һӣϱ۵Ĺͷϣ΢Ķҹȴô̡
ĪǰȻһڣԼҪͦסˣһһʹȴЦز¡
ֻҪȿ϶¶ϡ
ٺĪʹѾľˣϵ֪ƺѾɢˣҲ֪αקų𸮣һխС
ү˱ˡڣ˱ĪֵѾ˯ˣ·ЩŸõȲ衣
ûɣʵ
ʱûС˴Ҫû˹Ļɾ˵ˡ
š΢΢˵ͷȥɣǵԺӼٳ¶ҾҪÿһ˵Դ
İɡ˵
˼ºĿȴôҲûףΪʲôҪһǵƿԼǰŪ飬ô붼мֿĸоڡ
ĪڣȥˣظҲû̫ù
ϵȼһۿŵڶҲȼˣĪȴûл
˵ĪƳȥʱȲ̫ʣҹۿŶҪȥˣԲЩˡ
ЩģȻǰһ£һڶҲҪȼ˱̾һϵǷԼҵ˳ȥҡ
˺ֽһʱؼҵȴĪԭסӶȥˣѹûĪƵӰӡ
ȼ⻰һ۾߬һȭͷԼȥˡ
ֻټľǣ֩һֲţҲ֪ӦĶȥңҲû⣬ڽתţҲ֪תƵεˣֻҰèǰİ˳Ȼһ¾ʹܵûӰˡ
ȱֻèһ£תͷֻèķȴڰĹսǴ⿴һֻմѪ֣죬һ£æȥơ
ȻĪơ
ĪҲ֪Լ˼ˣ˿ȻżѣŲ˯ȥϣȿЩҵһЩҪȡ
ȿŻѪĪƱˣĪƵͷ΢΢һЩŻæȥ
ĪƱһϵ˿ֶһ㣬ʹа΢΢۾ػһ䣺ȡ
ȶĪϢֻ̾˿СĽᵽԼıϣҪϡ
˻ۡĪƱȵĶŪõһ
ȾԼϵ˶£ҲµǲҶģ΢˽Ųһһߵúȡ
ĪƷȵıϣûжϵֻ첲סȵĲϰЩϵʹкԺʵȣұ𡭡
Ī˵ĻתͷʱҲֻܿĪ΢΢趯촽
ңȻǸ౱𣿡
Īʵ
Īûеȵ𰸣Ҳû𰸡
ˣĪϵѪմʪȵתһͷϵǸ˴ʱû˶

ʮ 

䭴źǷһû˯ѵӡûأڵǣתתӣŵű߿ȱһѪܵ˽
һǷɤ۶˼գ۵ĹæӭȥȰϵǸ˷һԵİϡ
ĪϵѪвѾɺԣɺԵѪҺƤһҪŲܽ˺¡
ĪƼ򵥵һϵϣתͷɻؿһֻۣǳĬһվţ۾ĪƲ԰׵
ûʲôת˿ŵĵţȻЩҩִ¯һոպõˮĪ˿ڡ
Īƺ΢ʧʶ
ﾲÿ£ֻнմˮԼżʹ໥ײ
ĪƵıϺبһ˰̣ƤģҪ˺롣䭷˺ôֹסѪȻðһһؽ˿ڷϣֽѵĹͷʱ󣬲վӣĨĨϵĺȡ
Ⱦֻվʱɫˡ
عӣĪ˵ЩأӦǱסˣ֮ҪúõһСһһ˵
ȶ˶ƤŰ˿ڵĪƣԽԽأ˺һŵͷ
ȺĪƻظԸ˭Ҳеһжϡ˾͵˵ķſڣȵ֧ʹ˭ҲƬ̵иΪǶóԼҵ⼸ɫǳĲá
Īգȼÿʱÿ̶ߣϸϸˣʱҲԼ˫۾ó״Īƽյ۾ϡ
ʼʱȾĪƺ౱񣬶˺϶ΪһˣҲ֪ʲôʱʼֿʼĪƺ౱̫Ĳͬĳ˼ȥĲͬ
ˣƾż䣬һ˫۾ϵǣ۾úܣһֱš
ֻ˫۾ĪƵȴŤܣ˺ˣյˡ
ȿֽڻлΪҽͷ̾һתͷϻԲѵĪƣͷİ޼ɵ
УĪƵһЩɫÿջĪƻһҩ˿ȻЩĿϾϵļˡ
պǸĪƼǱϵ˿ѹģ¸иСڣȴûУſ۾ֻ㶵ؿȡ
ȼˣԼҲƬ̣æһѡ
ĪȴЦˣҲ֪ΪΣԼȵĵһӦЦ촽ѵɰֽһ㣬ǽ
ȼЦȴüͷһĸо
ȱȻæĪϡ
ֻ򵥵һȴ۵Īƶ˲ٵĺ飬ɫְȥ˼֡
ȿĪƵӣص̾һһȵĲˮ͵ĪƵĴߣʾȥһЩ
ĪſڣһЩˮȥˮȴŵ̶һ㣬һ·ĪƵĺ̲סüͷЩʹࡣ
Ƚˮ˻ȥתæĪƸ˸ؿڣд𱸣ż˿ŭ
ĪֻԼûſϻһָһЩ񣬰ܶһ촽
ȣһ𣿡
ĪûֻǶ촽֪㹻ˡ
㶣Īƽ۾Ҳû뵽ȶԼ
һ¡ĪƼŴ
΢̾һ῿ȥĪ˿ڵؽԼĻ
ˣĪʹóһĺںֻͷȵļϣܼǵԼʧȥʶʱȵıϣҲǿļ磬ܰġ
§Ż˲Ҷֳ˿ڣֻǵ˰죬Ҳûټʲôתͷȥ˾Ȼֽ۾ĪƣûзӦ
֮ļУĪƱһֱѺͻ˯нţÿһΣһ仰һǣȣһ¡
ÿζڻƬ̺󣬼ʧʶŻƽϡ
ӡ
ĪƸֻ˯ȥһС˾˽
ȺݺݵһۣȻҲ˵׼ǽ𣿡
С˵ͷ˳ӡ
̾˿ʲô¶
ĪƵ¶Ǽҵ˲鵽ˡС˵
תͷĪһֱۣȻ˵ô¶
ǡСԥһ£Īȥ͵ץ˸ţһ֮£ѣĪӸˡ
һ۾߬һȭͷֱȻʵ˵Щɵ棿
档С˺ԥ˵
ˣ֪ˣȥʱǵðŴϡȱȻ
С˹ȥţһЩ벻ĪƵҪʲô
Լ֮ĪƲǿԱѵ״̬ˣֻ϶˶ദͷҪ磬ǻҪһӡ
𣿡ĪƻźϵҩȻʵ
Īſҧݺݵҡҡͷ
أϵĺѴʪˡֱȻϵĶЩ
ĪƻҧҡͷһɿھûϢغ
ҡҡͷʲôˣĵظĪƻҩһȻˣҶ
ĪƳһҧһ΢һƣ߶ȡ
Ⱦ֣һˮ͵ĪƵĴι¡
Īֻ˰뱭ҡҡͷ
СȱȻЩԵȸɾ
Īգգ۾ЩεЦЦ콫ʣµİ뱭ˮҲ˽ȥ̧ͷһȡ
Ƚӷ˻ȥתͷĿЩˡ
ĪƿĿ⣬Цһ£ЩƵ˵ʰɣҶʵظ㡣
ΪʲôҪȥ͵ǼʲôģҲͷؾʵ
ûȥǼ͵Ī˵ŲŲ΢΢
ȼ״ק£̶ʵȥʲôˣ
ĪЦЦһ¿ˮ˵Ҵ򡣡
ȼ⻰һ㶣üͷһ䣺Ҵ򣿡
šĪƽسϵ
ΪΣ
ΪˡĪƴͷΪȫչҡ
һ㶣ֺȻоЦֻΪΪñ˰˳
СĪƽ˵
ʲô
ȡĪ̧ȵһ⡣
ȶһ£Ȼʡ
شҡĪƲһ䡣
û룬˵ͷ
Īһ´౱𣿡
ȳס̫ûǰˣˣȻǸüˣȵԺ̼һ£ƺֻˡ౱֡
ȵķӦĪȴֻЦЦ

ʮ Ƿ

ȱ۾Ƕ˼˺þã֮ҲĪϵˣק½Ȼʵ¶αº˵ģ
ĪƵһ亹˳Ŷͷ޽ʣҡҡͷһ԰׵Цݹ˵˵ģżȻǸյؾĳ´ˣҺ󾪵òڵϡ
߬Ī½ֻſĿƽʵǹ飬֪٣
Īҡҡͷ۾𴦣˵һŲ֪
Ŀ䣬쵽ĪƵĺ󱳴ḧϵǵ˰̣ȻֻΪôһ֣ҪԼŪ
ĪƿЦһ£ֻ֪ˣ᲻ȥһҳúˡ
۾һߵĴǣᡣ
Īƴ۾ֲǶĻȴǰһ²ӣմһȵĴȻµЦ˵ˣ˯ɡ
֮Īƾͺȥ˵ÿնһչɲ֪ΪΣȵɫȴʼģһ㡣
ĪƵѾ˺ܶ࣬鿴ʱϵϴˣͰĪƽ̶˿ڵİһһ˳
ʮ룬Ƥ泶³˿ڣŵúĪƴͷβֻƺһɫı仯
ԣֻŰ뱻һһȡɫ޲ֻһ뿪Ī˿ڵʱȲ΢΢رһ۾ǳһĪƲųǰЦˣǰһԣϡ
ǼĪƱϵѾûдˣ϶ѵĹͷҲѾãôЩ֮ǿ´ȥһߡ
ֻǱϾãҪǲܵģĪֻܷǽŲ
ļڣظԺҲͼջţʣµĲľʧ
ȸĪƵһԶľ룬ȥֻš
ĪߵУһӣֻ˱һϮֻһ±㴵͸ˣֱԾؿһ
Īתͷȣһ˫۾Լǹ߳䣬㹴𴽽ЦЦ
̾һתӣٻʱ϶һصĺӣ߹ȥĪƵϡ
ǺϵʱĪһ£ӵĸ첲յúܽܽ
һͺˣ˻ûãˡȰѺĪƵϵãȻȻ
ٱҰɣ㱧ңҾͲˡĪ§ЦЦһЦһ档
Ƭ̣ȴ潫§˹ĪţòſԼ§ӵ֣קȵ½ǣȴزζ
ʵҪĲ࣬һĶѡ
ůˣƬ̺ȱȻĪʵ
ĪƵͷöˡ
ȴʱȴſ֣Īƻһ£ûȥȣæַסӡ
ů˱Լ߻ȥƽرȻ˵ûĪƣתߣ·߲ȵĪԭء
ĪƵͷЦĸоٴϮǴĿڡԴ˰ΣϵĺӣĪҧҧǽߣߵ鰸ǰԣӹϵīʺֽŷǰ
̧ͷĪƣĿѯš
ĪƳЦЦ˺ܾõĻʳȣڣûһ˿һ飿
һ£̧ͷ£ùϵīʣմīֽϣĬá
⻰ҲʹԼƮܸĪƵģֻһ֡

ŵ̫Ǽ٣ŵ̫ʵҲǼ٣ִУȵ׻ѡ˺ߡ
Īֽϵһֵ֣һһȻֽųֽţԼĿд׽š
̧Ŀ˼ְˣȵĲһˮ˵ĪƵǰ
ĪƵıʹ࣬ҲֻΪ֣ΪʵֽӹеĲյڱ㽫ˮ˽ȥȻסؿȡ
ĪƵĺ󱳣ֻÿһ¶ĴĪƵϡ
Īƿ˺һӲŻ˹ֱȣ΢Ц˵⻰Ժ󲻻ˣĳһ죬ı⣬һҪʱңҵȵ̫á
ȴ۾˵ͷ
ĪƿȵͷĶһ·ֻѾˡ
ȴ̧֣ĪƵϣĦţ΢ָԹĪϵȹŴЦˣЦдżȻżֿɬ
Ī㶵ؿħһ㡣

˵αգǱϺõĻȥݣɽƱУֻʵһл𣿡ֻǳûеͷ˹˹ҡҡͷ
αϵЦݽסæʵˣ
ҡҡͷûܣҲܲˡ
⻰ʲô˼αЩˣǰקסݵ죬ݺʵ
ҿܱӦø㡣˵òŲæֻɫ˼ֲ̣֪Ҫ㣬˵һ֮¾ͻɱˡ
˵α˵Щֻ֪౱ôˣݺٷϻһɱ㡣
̾һ˵౱ܿҪˡ
αסſ˳ݣһƨɵڵϴãȻŷһӵ˵ҪȥұҪȥأת˸ȦʵĶأȥ
αµ꽫౱д¥ūĳݺͲٹˣҲûʹ౱סΪԼ̲סѰ֮ǰеŬΪͽ͡
㵱ҪȥݼαӺ󣬼Ϊ侲һ䡣
αºݺݵͷûյķŵ˿̾ȫǵǺżݾãα¶ˣֻ౱һ
ɡ˵
α¸ϵʱ౱ž̳ӣԺǰһѣܺα¾վԶţ겻౱ľͶȴϤӣֻݵòӣϵ·ŲŻΡ
㲻ȥ𣿡ʵֻ
ΪʲôαʵЩ
ҪԼˡ˵ˣǰǶѾ̳ӡ
αºݺҧҪҧˣ߹ȥᣬڵ֡
ûиȥվԶţ֪ѾҪĲˡ
౱ž̳ӣ˳§һŵľ̳ڻҪһڡ
ǰ֪ܺȾơα¿Щ̳ӣƽ˵
౱һͣתͷα´Ƭ̣ЦӣԸһˣ
αµͷЦЦ౱ĻϤĸо㱼ǵظпЦֻ̧꣬ͷٿ౱ˣҲˡ
ݶ˵ˣ౱Ժľʵ
ǰɡαµͷ
౱ҡͷЦЦôһ̣
α²ͷ۽΢΢죬תͷȴЦ㲻ӭ𣿡
౱ֻЦľ̳ӣ˹˵ֽԼ˸

ʮ 

α²ûȥֹ౱Լӣۿˮһȹһ̳ӾƣȻ󽫾̳һѿվ̳ϡ
ʣµӣɡα˵
౱û˵Ҳû˵ãֻ۾һƬҶԼĽűߡ

Īʹȵĺ󣬾Ҳû౱飬˺֮һظסţ·ʲô鶼ûзһ㡣
֮ͺЦˣֻеʱĪƳĪҲ֪ʲôÿÿʱ򣬶ϲһӰ
˶ˡ
ĳĪͷſӲ˵
ȰŪ¿ӣȻ󽫿طϣ۾Ȼ԰ɣûʲôθڡ
ĪƲƲǣҲ˿ӣϵķˣȻһյȲݸȡ
ȽӹС
ĪЦҡҡͷߵ¯һЩľ̿¯ŪøһЩ
ĪһȻ˹ȥеĲյӽ¯Уһˮʱ䡰˻һڶĪƱͻĶŪЩͷԣٻع;ȵ첲Լ˻
ĪЩȵزͷӭȵĴǴѵõдżϤ
ⷬĪЭתӻӦȵǣСĵ̽һ˿΢
ʼֻͣôһСͽɴ³Īƣˤϡ
ĪƱŪÿһºףһȥ̧࣬յȴקأԼѹĪƵϣ̧
ĪƲգƬ̣Ȼ̧ͷҧסȵ´˱˽ţ⼸ꡣ
ڼ䣬ȲᣬŪϰ¶ĪȻʹʹòҧ
ϵĴֿȼ˶ȥƽĪƣ۵ſڴϣ΢ָԼǵЩĿ˰̡
ЩĪƲͷ˵ģ
һۣȻ֧ӣıϣ˳ǵ˰ϸϸţżҪҧһڡ
šĪ߬ǺһԼı
룬һ죬ȻҪǸ𰸣ῴۣĵᡣ
ղЩ¶˭ҲȥᣬŻӳˣ˴˶и·ֻһˣǵȲˡ

౱Ĳչúܿ죬ʮĹ˾Ѿû˾ƶȲˡ
α¿ӣۣȴȻЦЦŰһ˵һЩôôǱӣ
౱ҲЦ˽ϵ·˵ôǱˣ仹֮飿
αЦҡҡͷڵһȲ౱УȴҲûԼֳأǸ౱֣ĵ¶ůָ
౱ͷţƬ̣Ȼ΢΢̾һ̧ͷα£ûЦݣһ˿ء
ӣҾûжʱˡ౱˵룬һ¶
α±һ£һ౱˵ܲܲҪ˵ɥ
˵ʵѡ౱Ц
α´һ۾ֵ౱һۣʵ˵ɣʲô
ȡα»䣬౱˵
α౱һ˿۾ܾҡҡͷԴӦ౱κ£౱ҪΨ£α²Ӧ
ֻһֻۣٿһۡ౱ü˵Щ
αȻҡͷϽס౱֡
α¡౱̾һ㣬ȥֻԶԶһҲá
Сα˵Ӳġ
౱α⻰һ£ȻŴЦЦαµгԼ֣ҡ˵ԼȥһţҶҪһ档
αû౱ջԼڰе֣תͷĵŵ౱ֻԺžԵڵϡ
αҡҡͷ߹ȥˤڵϵ౱ϵĳֲ˲ϵģȻ˵ǻؼҰɡ
౱㶵վԭأǱ˳˻һ㣬ؿںȻ۵Ǳ˴һȭͷһȣһѪѪµģαµֱȴһһֵر
ǻؼҰɡαֵһ䣬ﺬ˼ֿ
֮౱Ҳûг߶ֻڴϣûС
αһֱ۰컹Ǻҹһֱ౱Ĵߣ౱ˣͻЩǰĵ飬౱˯˾ͻԼЩǰĵ顣
㲻֪ظһӽֵòӣˣЩһͱȥˣһЩµĽӻҲ޼ɵιʳˡαЦеؽţȻ䣬ƺǸֻ֪֮ҲЩ౱ƣúܡ
౱ֻ΢Цؿα£֪ʱֻ˯ȥ
α̧౱ϻ᲻á
ҹʱ౱ٴѹʱڵĵţαû˯ֻǴؿǱ鿴౱Ц
ˣڿôα¼౱۾ʵ
౱ҡҡͷ΢΢һӣֻһ£Ȼһڣһһ㣬ʹһ¡
౱౱౱ȻŤ˱飬αæչȥ
౱ֻʹƬ̣㻺˹ֻʱȴûƮƮģֽѾԼʹܶ
౱Цһ¡
Ϊֹˡ
α»ڻϰ̧ԼĻ
ӡ౱ƾЦα˵Ҹ˵һԲòã
α§౱˵ҧŵĴѪ
УҲǷһԲ𡣡౱˵
ߡαҡͷ૵
ɻ˵Ҳ֪ǲܵģż־˵ߡ
౱ߵúĺǽƽȥģֱһûˣֱԭͲůӱøӱ
αͷˣյᶼ
ȣ᲻ң˵ʱα§ű౱ʵ
Ǻң±ұòã¶ֻҪһ㡣
α˵ţ§øˣ±ǶҪ˺òã±һֱòã
ûܻشαµЩ⣬Ľһ౱
ȱ֪α²ھǣֻսԼ˸Щʱ˷ڼңھǵĸ¥Ժһ飬ûзαµӰ֪α˾
αȥûȥ飬߱ˣȥɡ

ʮһ 

౱αˣúܼ򵥡
αĥ౱ԣѡһ徻ĵطǸ˼ҶûУֻɺԶɽԼżֵļֻ
ڣαһڳһϵģ󲻹һС𣬹ͺͺġ
α𣬶ЦЦȻ˵౱ϲط
౱һ˴üįα¾ڣǰסˣżȥЩˮ¹ڷڣǰ
ԽԽˣ¡ʱ˼ѩαһѩԭͲ۵˾æ˹ȥڣֱϵѩߣǹͺͺ¶α־ñŤֽѩһһѵظ˻ȥȻƬѩط
α౱롣
ӵĺܶ뽫౱ʬ״ӷڣڳٿһֻۣα»סˣʵܾſϽţٻ߶ЩƣԼȥ
ɽĶúվǻȥģ֪ʲôʱѩѾˣɽϵ֦⡣ѹ߳϶ѾԾɽв֪ʱѱˡ
һ׳һֻС󣬱һɹ౱ķڣϣαһԿţ𴽽ЦЦ˻ֽܣ˵ɱ
ɽ紫˼һ㣬żƬһ꣬Թ౱ķڣǰ
α»صǺЩ֮ˣֱ֣СţϺͯϷţ֪˭ҵŮڶ¥Ĵˡ
αֻͷǲʱڵĿҶһ㣬
Ӵιӣɻˡ
أ֪˭αµԴż־ȵػһ䣬αתͷȥ
Ǽóʱˡ˵ؼҵһˣαϵá
šαֻӦһ䣬Ƭ̺˵Һ˵һˣ⼸վ͹ȥ
ɣͻȥҼӡ˵˵α˸ȥˡ
˻ȥȣüͷܾα⻰Щ֣Ȼʵô˵ģ
ԣ仰˵˵ͷ
ȵ˵ͷǸˡ
ȥĶˣĪʵ
ҡҡͷɫмΣ˳ҵʲôʵĵطйǡȥˡ
ĪЦЦʵôĲ
ȱĪʵһ£ĬƬ̺мЦЦȻࡣ
Īתͷ档
պα²̤ظȼһȵ鶼ûУֻƳһۣͷϵ
α¶̬Ҳϰ˵ģҡҡͷĪ˵Ī֣ҿûˡ
ĪֻЦЦһյȲݸα¡
˵ɣȥĶˡ̾ϵĶ鵽һԣα±Ȼ
ȥĶα½ӹ裬аЦŻش
ֳԴüα£ɫ졣
αºһڲ裬յһԣ˵ʵȥͱһѵģƺȶӿˣҾȥһ̡Ϊ㻹ҡ
üͷøأȻѣʲôѣ
αЦתͷȴǿĪƣ˵Ī֣Ҷ˵Ϊ֮ģûҵģ֮£ɲҪҡ
Īα£գգۡ
αϵıƵᣬٴתȣЦ˵Ѿ౱
ס΢΢ضһ£һ˲ˡĪҲסȻһɿ־нͷ
Ƭ̺ȴЦЦȻ˵úͿˣý䭸ӡ
ⱲӶһֱںͿСαߵǰ֧һһ˵ҺͿؽ౱ͿͱһлӴǰٺͿؽ౱꣬û¶һ԰
ȵɴ۾α˵ⷬ⻰ÿһֶһȴδ౱֪ĵطȻţ꣬ꡣ
α¿ȵı飬ͷȻЩɣѹĵ꣬ѹ̫࣬αҲⷬζ
α¶˶٣˵ȣ˵ҺͿ㿴ԼΪĪȥǿΪ౱룬ֽĪԼߣһͿ
ĪһⷬͷЦǽЩһͷȻֽдǸ֣һһô
Ϊֽ˳
ȶα£òŻöŵαʵˣ
α𴽽ЦЦˣûһ仰㡣
Цˣݺݵ۾Ҳš
αֱӣЦŲŵģ˵ѾҪˡ
α˵գתͷĪһۣĪɫƽֻα²԰׵ЦЦЦݾǸոڹŹ߹εĲˡ
α´۾̫ȥĪƣתظûһ仰
¡һ˸ס
һسĬ˺þãֱҪ˲͵ҲûĪһֱֱۣȥ
֪α¸౱һĹڳɽϡ
֪ҲֻԶԶȥأһֱΪ౱ǸĹ棬ѻ˿ݹǣһֱΪ౱ˡ
üµúܴǸ౱ֵĹˮˢţֶ쿴ˡ
ȫغȴ౱ĹһһţĪһΪɡ˵ֻĬĬؿš
Ȳ֪Լ˶òڵµĹľҲָմ˶Ѫ࣬þ׸ƿ
ľֻһӲݣɢһŵζ
ץеһӲݣݺݵ߬ţָĵۡ
ĪֽɡȵͷŲŲԼվУʪ͸ã߹ȥվԣѪˮֱ֣ԼĻ
ĪˣȣѾԼи飬Ϊ֪һֱŲ౱
ˣ˾͹ˡ
ĪƵӲ»صظģȻصظĵһ¶˼Сȥαҹ̫໰Ҫʣ̫֪Щ飬α¶ٸ
ɳȥǼСʱŸ˻Ǳ꽽ȫʪ͸ͷڵˮվǰЩ˵ӣιûˡ
ԭαؼҳ֮󣬱ȥд¥һѰ֣˸ÿĹȥˡ
˭Ҳδ룬Ϊαԭӣ˭Ҳ֪˵£Ŷٿһߵ˻ֻȴҪġ
αһӶǸȼ˴㣬һһϮմﵽޣѪǸĻС
Ǹ˵αҪʱԼ˵һ仰ǣҡ
ֻǣ˭Ҳ֪⻰˵˭ġ

ʮ ӹ

ӹ⡣
㶼һ·ˣ۲۰ĪµһʯͷϣƤˮңߺˮǰʵ
ۡʿˮҡҡͷ˵
Īε̾һеƤˮҵݸǸӣʵʲô
ӽӹˮң΢һԥž˼ˮȥڲ˲˵ҽΡ˵ժ±ϵļ磬ĪƵһԣˮһ
ĪƽӹˮһĽʵΪʲôϣ
Īڻӹǵ·ϵһģ˵ʱϣһ޲ӼǱҪĪƸ˰ϿɲһʲôҰޡ
ĪôʣϺһ£ִһŭеĽ˵۸·İգҿȥȥѵһ١
ĪһϵĽЦô㱻ӽѵһ٣
δ۾΢΢ԥһºϵĽݸĪƣ˵㡣
ĪƽӹǰѽᣬŽγֻ߲·ͿԽѽ۶ϡĪתͷɻؿΣһѽ㻹ʲô
β˼ʼ磬ŪһѺýĶôס˵̾һҪ˵µĺñףǵؼҡ
һһ仰û˵꣬ͱĪƽнƻؽʵˡæתͷЩ۵ؽӻǰѽ˵Ҿôҵ
ĪҡͷЦЦ˵һѽŪһѺõ㡣
̧Īƣһľȣ棿
ĪƵͷ棬˵ãõͱٸˣȥĶȥĶ
æͷϵ˼ЩҲ֪ԼӦȥĶǰֻȴӦ˵
ȸɡĪ˵ξӹȥˡ
αΪĪƸôºڣضĸ˼ҵĹӣĪȴһΪͰƾɵǰ
ʲôطվǰԥʵ
ĪƸŽȥȴʵöһ£Цӡ
üͷӣ
Īͷ֪ˡ˵Ȱžͽȥˡ
վſҧһ촽˺ݸĪƽţȵǣھǱһġ
ǷСԺӣԺΧķӣԺе˾Ȼ٣ģ֣һʱˡ
ٲǿɶΪ·ˡأһضĪ˵
ĪЦЦӻͳһɫӽǹĻ˵ûأô·ϡ
ӹ̧Ц⻹ࡣ۹ʱƳĪߵΣһºʵ⡭˭
Ī죬˵·ģȱ衣
ȡǹһ£ĪƵ½ǽקһߣС˵㲻֪ط𣿵巣㡣
֪Ī˵˽Ͳˡ˵һΣ˿Ų
õĻĶһ۾Ϳ̾˵ûѹ㰡Сһ˵վƲĪתˡ
ĪЦЦŹıӰԶת˵Ƣеңɱ
Щ㶵ص˵ͷ
ĪƴԼȥˣӲ󣬵Ǻܸɾȼ㣬ܺţֻ¶޵ģ֪ʲô㡣
طߣҴųʱĪƸεһյ˵
αĪŪЩãʵɡ㲻˵Ҫ͸һѽ𣿡
һʱͻĽĪӵ˵žˡ
ӵɻ󣬵ȴĪƲƭֻ̽ʵΪʲôҪôң
Īڵֶһ£Ȼ˵һˣܾû˺һˡ
üͷ
ĪҡҡͷûʲôתӣϣԺߡ
ǣؼҡԶӹǵĪƺ𾩳ǵؼң֪ڹôˣǰϢ뿪ظӴ˾Ҳû˴ȵ顣
ӴĪƣհѩ˵ءһޱ߷߽ĪƵԣصһļ磬ãҺȾȥɡ
Īƴл񣬱ĵһ´ǣ˵磬־ԽԽˣ´οȥˡ
˦˦ЦЦ̫ġ
ĪҡҡͷЦͲȾˣϳȥе¶ա
ӴӴչʵҪȥ˭ҰòҰѸ磿
ͱ²ˣҾȥŪС⡣Ī˵
ų˵ҿɾȲˣԼСġ
šĪӦûԺӹǵһȥˡ
θĪƵţȵ̫˾վ߶һȦ£֪ģͰζӶֱУҲֻţŶҿֻҡҷ𷢴
ʱα۾ˣԴϴ˯Ҳ֪˯˼ˣ죬һ˹
û߰ɡĪƿʵ
һŻعæҡҡͷ˵ûС
ǾͺáĪƵͷеһѽϣȻԼһյ裬һںʵѽ𣿡
εɴ۾СĵϵǰѽСĵϵĵɫƼΪϸ£ο籡ֽŵĺ⡣
΢죬˰βĪʵ⡭ǴĶŪģõĽټ
Īƴ۾Щƣ۵ӣ赭дش͵ġ
͵еԼĶ䣬ѽַȥؿһ飬תĪ˵Ȼȥ͵ģ
Īգգ۾ЩܻΣͷ˵Ҷ˵ˣӣʵÿһˣ
⽣ҲҪˡνеĽӻϣɫЩĶ͵ķŻȥвУ
ĪֻмЦЦĲ衣
εֱĪ̬ȣ̾һֻͶĸоԼǰѲƵĽȥһûС
ĪҲֻıӰ˸ǷȻϵĽô˵ԺӦǲˡ
ʱѹˣĪƽȴ֪ģһⶼûУȦ󣬱һܵݶȥˡ
ӹûоǵĹ㴼ûƷõľӡĪƿʼʱЩӾҲϰˣʱǾƲˣ
Ǵҹݼֶһŵľƺ

ʮ 

Ҿ֪ҵ㡣
ڶ磬ģѩݶڻ˯еĪơ
Īſڷϣ۾˸ǷתͷѩЦ˽ҡ
ѩƲƲ죬ĪƵԴ˴գ˵֪ˣȥء
֪Īһȥ˵վߡ
ѩȴںסĪơ
ţĪתͷų۾尢ѩݡ
ѩڰУһС˵ˣȥɣԺٸ˵
Ī΢΢һüеԥص˵ͷҲû˵ʲôֱķȥˡ
ѩݼϣͷĪƴԺӣ̾һ
Ϊ룬һ׷գɷǵߣɱⷬ׺òƭˣʱԺڵһһģ˲ͳԺеһȺˡ
壬һˡĪƿŵķţš֨ѽһڵϣĪƽ˱ЦЦ
õˣʵ
õˡĪƵͷӻͳһⱡţݵǰ
ӹţ۾ϸضһ£ȻͷһӴ򿪣ץһ˿ɰӵĪƵĻ
ĪƽסǸ˿ɰ˵࣬Ȼ˵壬ҿҪЪһˣɱˡ
븧ЦЦ˵ǵϧˣȻô꣬ǰȴЩ˶ȣұЩš
ӰɡĪЦЦеĺɰ˻˵Щʱˡ
ҲաͷȻһģҲòôļҵˣɻƸ㡣
ǶлˡĪ˵
˰֣ǷŷŽ˹УعʵˣǸ˭
Īһ£Цѩģ
Ķ¶ҡ˵
Īƽ˿ɰյ䣬˵ǰ·ŵһİˣѾˡ
Īһۣ˵´ɱİ˵Ժˣɲʲôܼĵط
ǡĪƴ۾Ӧ
⡰ӡʵϲֻЩС͵Сô򵥣ᱻ̻߹Աָţ˳һЩ鱨֮ĶҲΪˣӹǵĹٱһ鷳෴¶ǡ
ĪƲ̫֪һ֯жˣֻһտʼӹǾӵġ
봦ԺĪƸеЩˣȻŰѩС˴ǰ߹ȴҲûȥãתԺӣȥӹǵĽйˡ
ĶĪϲйӶĲˣо̬ż
СҪһ⽡Īڽֱ̯ĳϣָС˵
͹ԵȡСӦʢһ⽶˵ĪƵǰ
ð㣬ĪƸҪӣϴһ̧ۿȥͼһͷСһѳ׷ǰһ˴򣬶ǸĪƾȻʶϻǸΡ
ι̫ܵżˣԼҵĽŲסˤڵϣСɴˣ˼ȥﻹסͷǮлӡ
αúǱĪȴֻһԿţɫƽ
СһŽųػȥˣΧ۵İ̾һҲɢˣſڵԴǺ޲ܰ
㲻ǻǸôôһԼҲ⹴ˣڵأͷ˵죬̧ͷȥͼĪƽ
εĪһۣӵԼϵӲҲûиʲô
ǣҲûУĪҡͷЦЦ͵ҳԵñԲ
㡭αĪ˵ֻ۾
ĪƲֻһԵ̯°ͣ˵ҸǮˣҪȥԵĻû˻óδ㡣˵תˣ󵽵ûȥ⽣ĪƲ֪Ҳ֪
Īڽתһ죬ֱʱȥͰһԺӾͼһЦݵӭֺݺݵһļȻʲôҲû˵߲˹ȥȥˡ
ôǡĪżһüͷİѩʵ
ѩָͷԼһͷ˵żĵ˵մǶ˸ƣӣء
˵ءĪЦЦʲôƣ
Ҳȥ˳ͨĻΪҪǱȥԸӲ١ѩ˵
Īһ촽šһ˵ƽʱҲûΪֳ
ѩԴһ۾ֱ˵ȱǮΪˡΪ˰ߡ
Īһ㶵ؿŰѩͰѩãĪ֪һֱߵġ
ߣĪƾȵ˵Ҫ͵Ķȥ
ȥȥѩ֧˰ΣҪȥˡ
ޡĪһ£ˣôôͻȻ
ѩ̧Ȧе죬˵ҲӦһֱطģҸ˼ҼҪ޵Ǹûһİô
Ī΢΢̾Ҳ֪ôοѩֻһЩЦ˵ҲΪãȷʵҲһӣܲ۵С۰ɣ
ѩҧҧ촽Űˣֻһ䣺ˡתˡ
ĪƱסѩģ뻹ǰˣˣɼģȰʲôá

ǣظ
վڻϴŷ磬׵°ڷš
ӡظһСվȵߣü˵۾ͽһɣôȥϾĳŲסˡ
߬ǿĴָϸϸĦţҡҡͷȻС˱ȻȥнٺͿˡ
ɡӣҪҲˣظ˿ɾͲʣˡС˿˵
֪ȱȻ
С˵ͷ̾һȰˣ˺ģ˷ȥˡ
ĪߺȾûٽӹһŻӣȴҪ͢Ӧףֻгûнˣֱڽӽ;ƿݡ
Сߺȵͷ˿ϵȻֻȴûκμֵ
Ƚ̧ڰУȻˤʯĵϣмѳ룬ʰĦϵѺۡ
ظտյģȵҲһǰĪϢ֮㿪ʼյֱڡ

ʮ ¸

˪ӲҪĪƺȾƣĪƼոˣҲˡ
ߣһƱĻѩļױʲôľͲóˡҾôһãҵԺ󶼲Դ˪߸ĪƵһЦ˵
˸ʲô˼ңҾȻûĪƽӹյʵ
һҡ˪˵ȥݷù˶˹˹ĵģҾŲһӾǸϴˣòɣܸϴִһӣܵøѰһõġ
¶㶼ûʰѩĪ˵
˪˻֣ű˵֪϶ǲԸģӻúҸʮʮġ
ĪЦЦ˵ǲֻʮʮꡣ
ˡ˪ҡҡͷһ±еľƣƱһ£˵˲ˣҺò¶˾ĵģɲٸˡ
ãᡣĪҲ±еľơ
ˡ˪ָĪƵһƣʵӦñӹֶˣûʲôҪҴǱ߸Щ
ĪƲͷ΢΢һ£˵УǳǼڵĻҴЩ
˪ҧһŻգգ۾Щɻ˵û뵽ԾôϤ
Īһ£ҡҡͷЦûУֻǼǰȥһΣǼӡѡ
˪ͷǿŻ£˵ɣҰôӦңҲڵӰҺúȰһȰѩ˵Ļ˵Ļɲһ
ġĪ˵
ģġ˪ͷԼĴ˵
˪ڶʱˣĪư͵ӹ⣬̤ųصԺʱÿѩڰǰŽűߵһ깷βͲݷ
Ҳ˵ȥ硣Ī̾˿ѩ߹ȥ˵
ѩ̧۾Īһֽۣ۾£˵ȥֲͣǲһˣҾҪˡ
Ī⻰һ£û˵ʲôֻͷŰѩЦ
ѩĪƿе˼ӻ˵ˣء
ңĪʵҸʲô
ѩƲƲ죬ֱ˵ǰǸˣҹˣǵ˴͵Ƕȥˡ
Īε̾һǹ鷳ġ˵԰ѩ߹ƿŽԺӡ
ǰһյðĲ裬͸뵵ˮֱضǰǸ׺ӵˡ
벻ȥΣֻǶŲ裬شţ¶õʱһڡ
ĪʱŽỺ絽ڵʱһΣȻţһ䣺塣
뻺²յָָĪʵСģ
ǡûĪƴأ˵һ䡣
ĪüΣ˵ҲǸ˵𣿡
Ҳüͷ˵ҲԸ㣬ҵûǮ
Ī⻰һ㶣ŪÿЦãת˵壬˻ǽҰɣұ֤Ժ󶼲ˡ
ΪطúܡĪ⻰͵شߵĪƵǰļͭȻűߣͭ廹ĵ¶ȡ
Īƿͭһ£Ȼ롣
źЦЦȻĪƻ˻֡
ĪЩǸεصͷ׷ȥˡ
ĶǮĪԺקסΣͭεû죬ͷʵ
ôʲôΰĪһ˵
ȥĶ͵ģɲĪƹɤ˵
˻˼ɾЩˣĪ˵
ĪҡͷЦЦЭúúã̫ˣ㿴ԼڡĪ˵´һΣںͽϵĽлʲô
㡭εƢĪƵˣŭ˫̧ۣקýĪƵĲϡ
ĪƲ壬ֻգգ۾Ȼ̧ƿĽ˵ˣƽζҡ˰ɡ
θˣ˭˵Ұβģ˵վһŽһŽʣǱý˳ֻǡһǱϳأһصʯϣһ
סŵϵǽضϽٿԼأĪơ
ĪҲˣ֪һֱ᲻ӵĽֻܴ붺Σû뵽Ū
һŻǽضϽҲ˵ϣȻ߷Ȼȥ
ѩڰԷͻȻųŪһ飬ıӰһĪҲƿųضϽ
ôǣѩĪʵ
ĪεЦЦ˸ղųŵλ
ѩĪƵı飬ȻЦˣ˵Ҳе˵ʱ򡣡
ĪƽضϽսУ˰űߣ΢΢̾һ
ѩǳǳЦţ߹ȥķţȻתͷĪ˵ʵոǸˣ㻹ͦġ
񣿡ĪЩȣ񣿡
ѩͷ룬˵Ҽǵʱڵ״̬࣬⣬лƵġ
ĪҡͷЦЦ˵ҲûңȻҪʬͷˡ
ѩƲƲ죬Īתһӣʵ㲻ǻ͵˳ʲôҲڰԼŪǸӰ
šĪֻͷʲݵӦŰѩ⡣ʵѩ֪ʱûлȥֻƾʣµεʬһ㡣ǵ֮ǰ
ѩ˼ϸúܣĪƲԸ˵ҲͲȥ׷ʣֻת۾ϵ̫Լ顣
Ϻ̫ˡĪƼѩˣ˸˵ԵԺǵʱ򣬿ɱϴˡ
ѩԸ¶תͷݺݵĪһۡ
ĪûûεЦЦ

´ˣ鹶ˡ
ºī滨ϣϵ⻰Ŵ̧ͷ˵ߣҪȥ
Ӧһ롣
ºīߵǰǡ¸֣ºī֣ЦЦ
ºīԭסĸۡ˳͢һۡ⴦ۡȻԭסĸۡС˲٣ǣ⸮ۡء
ˣ֪ΪƽظС˵ȫˣºīŷģӴ˱ܰĵĳ´ˡ
´ˡ˿ųºīɫʵ˿ɻ𣿡
ºīعֵͷ˵⣬⣬ˣȥһЩ֣⸮ԭĶҰȥȫµġ
ǣСȥ졣˵
šºī˵ͷ̧ͷǿ鹡

ʮ δ

˵ӹȰľŵĶϽǽڵڶ㲻ˣĪվſڿŽʼڵϴССӡ
֪ѶϽǱˣǱˣ´ǻܼΣĪǸ
ѩʱڳ˸õͷĪƵĻ
ĪƽӹŵҧһڣȻѩЦЦ
ѩͷƣȷûʲô˸ĪߴչȥɫЩص˵Щҿɾ͸һ˵
Īգգ۾ɻʵôˣ
ѩƲƲ죬̾һ֮˵塭Ӻ񲻴ˬ죬ȥչʱܾãܾľ񲻴á
Īҧһеͷ˵ˣȻһղһյġ
ô˵ѩ˵ͷ˵еģҪʲô¶طô죿
Ī˰ѩһۣҡҡͷ˵˭֪أһһɡ
ѩͷҧҧ촽˵룬Ҫҵչˣܲһӣָߡ
Ī⻰Цˣѩ˵С㣬ԭĿ
ҲǡѩĪһۣȻɥ˵㲻ߵȻҪչˣͰҸҸɣͶһӡ
Īʼ򣬡ƢʯͷӲôȰ⻰ҪǸ˵ˣԸԼȥչ壬Ҳ߶ġ
չ壿Լչ˲סᵽ˪ѩһ˵
ĪҡͷЦЦҧͷ˵¶ǵ˵ɣ׸硣
ѩеĪеͷͷҡ˵յĪһۣƿŻȥˡ
Īһ£ЦԼ촽۾һǰǸӡ
ʵĪҲ֪ˣӹǲãҲûа취֪ܵȥ
Լһº˪ŴӾǻϴЩˣǰˣһһȥմǶͱѩקȥҩ
˵˵㡣ѩһҩͿ˪˿ϣҪ˿Ϻĵذһ£Ϊ˵ԼҪ𣿡
ӴӴӴ۰̡˪˵ⲻǻ𣿾ܵСˣûʲô¶
⻹ûʲô¶أѩ۵˵ֺݺ˿ϰһ£ԡ
ΪǵӰ⻹Ϊ㣿Īű߶˵ΪȻԲҪ
˪ٺЦЦ̧첲ĪһĴָ˵㵱˽ҡ
Ҷѩ˪̧ĸ첲
úúá˪ӦĬһִͳһСĪ˹ȥ˵ˣҸĶ㿴ǲ
ҽҶѩüͷٴ˪ĸ첲
˲ˣҲˡ˪ƤЦ˵
ĪƽǸڱӵţȻ˪˵лл硣
С¶˪ҡҡͷ˵ҾǲΪʲôϲ˵еζ𣿡
Ϊ˭һѩӹͷ˵
û˼Ҿʡ˪ƺҲ֪ոʵ⻰̫ʵ
ĪƲû⣬ǲЦ˵Ҳ̸϶ϲǰһǶŹˡ
˵ء˪Ц
תѩʱ˪
˪úܣתԼãϵЦݸʢˣ˰ѩƬЦþǺÿ
ĪҡͷЦЦߵǰԼһ衣
ѩ˪˵΢΢Щ죬˪һۣźһЩƽľ˪˵εĻ˰ɣЪһЪú𣿡
ɣˡ˪˵˾ʹȥԾõ֥⣬һЩģϧ·;̫Զͻˡ
ѩЦЦ˪ʵôǺ𣿡
ֵúܡ˪˵ʲôУһź
ʲôźѩʵ
˪ӣ˵:˵ؼҵı£ұǵ˴õļһ¶һ֪ؼûˣظȥˣû취Ҿôֻֻˣ˵źź
ॡһĪϵĲյ˵ϣ˪ѩһ٣۾
Īҧҧع˦˦ϵĲˮЩЦЦûȡ
ѩε̾һеҩĪ˵ȥȡĨ
Ī㶵ؿһϵƬȻתͷ˪ʵ磬ظظѾȥˣ
˪Ҳû룬ż˵Ҳֻ֪ô˵ֲ֪ؼԭʲôӵġ
ĪƵͷɫЩѿ˪ûע⵽
ʱѩһĨ߻ڵϼƬһƬһƬطĨϣĪƼ״æȥҲ֪ǷԵʣռһƬͱָͷ
ѩһüͷĪǱֱţҸһģ˵קһɾĲĪƵָͷϡ
ĪֻǿŵϵƬ붨һ㣬ֱѩŻ
ôˣʲô㶣ѩɻʵ
ĪҡҡͷջԼֻ֣Ц˵˾䣺û¡
ѩüͷֱԹ˼䣬ĪûȥĶһ¶ȻȥĶ
Īʵ󲻳ӺͲĶȥĶ󲻳Сʳؼҹӣ뿪ظֻ
ϣĪƶһݶϺ˺ܶƣ˴ȵ飬룬ֻ̡
ﵽôģôĪݼϣſտյľƺ˵
ƺܻشĪص̾һ§žƺݼϣĻ㱼䣬ƺһԣĶͷһǳǳǣЩᡣ
Ī΢΢һü۾ֻǶһ¡ĪƿЦһ£ľƺȥ
ˣΪҪ㡣Ī˵
ѩվԺУŵѵľƺ̧ͷݶϿ̾˾䣺ˣԴʲôҩˣ
ѩѩ̧ͷأһ˽æתͷȥӦ塣
ʲôأЦʵ
ѩݶһۣ߹ȥ˵ûʲôոտһֻƮ˹ȥ壬ͷҲ˵ഩ㡣
ǣӹǻûôĵزЦЦݣЩؼ˵ѩм¶Ҫȥ졣
ѩգգ۾ʲô¶
ȥĪǰմǸС˵
ѩһ£壬ʲô
Ȼ֪ϵãȥѰ⣬¶Ī֪˵
ѩɻˣӣǵ˵ͷ

ʮ н

Һ㻹ӹǣȻһȥûа취ˡѩһ̯ǰҵĨӵΣ߽˵
̧ͷ˰ѩһۣ죬΢۾һûٺ˵Ҹûаֹϵ
Ҳô˵ѩֿ˰벽˵֪ǵĻ治࣬һ
Ƴ˰ѩһۣת̯ߡ
һû˵ءѩקסε½ǡ
㻹˵ʲôβͷʵ
ѩƲƲ죬ҪΣԸⱲӶ˵ѩֻܼ˵㣬ǣϴμǸͷټ㡣
û򡣡ζȻܾ
ѩ̾һ˵ڰ
ʲôɺڵġη˸ۡ
ѩ̾һǰһθأ̬Ⱦ˸һٰʮȵĴת䣬ԭƵ̾ͻίı飬ˣܵ˿ô绨ĹӣͶͶ𱸵Ŀ⡣
۾ɳˣһʱ䲻֪Ӧô죬æŰѩ˵áʲôûǵ㡣
ѩһίĨһ߳ҭôûǵң㲻һȥҾҪġ
ҡҡһţޣҸȥһ˻𣿡
˵ġѩ⻰ʱͻָ˳̬
ؿŰѩɫԹ
ѩЦЦת̾һ䣺̫ۡ
صԺУѩν󣬾æĪȥˣݶұˣûĪƣԺ˰죬ݺһƬյϷĪơ
ĪָͷϾһҶ㶵س񣬾ѩ߹֪
ʲôأѩĪʵ
ĪƱŪûӵĲҶ̧֣ͷЩЦѩ˵ûʲôǶԷһ
ƭˡѩһ۾֪ͷ¶쿪ʼͲԾ
ٲЩİɴС㣬û¶Īϵ˵
ΪǸؼңѩҲĨǣֱӽԼĲ²˵˳
ĪƵĶԵضһ£Ȼ̧ͷЩȵؿŰѩ
ѩʼ磬˵Ҳµģǲ¶ˣǰؼйԨԴ
Īƴ۾ԳЦЦͷ˵ǰɣظסҵһˣ֪ôˡ
ѩգգ۾Ī˵Ϊô¶ǹ˽ʲôҲ˰
ˡĪҡҡͷʵ֪Ҳã˺ܶĵġ
㻹ôѩüͷЩԹؿĪơ
ĪֻͷЦЦ
лĻǰ¶ҲҽɣԼһŶܡѩĪƺԸλ˱˵
ĪƵͷã˵ˣһһȫ㡣
ѩЦЦˣһøҸ绻ҩȥˣֿһˡ
ţĪüͷʲôˣ
Լȥɣ˵ѩ촽˵˵תˣһ˪µưѩŰ˿ˡ
ĪƵʱЩֻͷзŲµĶʵǿԼȥ룬ȻѾ¾뿪ͲԸصޣԽԸЩ¶Խǻ֮ȥ
Ǳ˵һֽôŪҲĨԭӣĪҲãҲգˡ
ʱ˪ĽˣĪεҡҡͷݺ߳ɾͿߵԺһۣһ㶡
ĪȻոհѩ˵ĻЩЦ߹ȥҾȻˡ
šֻӦһͷŵ档
ĪϵĽһۣ˵ϴε¶Ǹұû롭
¡δĪ˵һûǴεľ֮ƽ˰ɡ
ĪƹһߵĴǣ˵ѩ˵ȥˣ
šεͷ̧ͷĪƣΪһһֻ˵˿ԽҽҲµġ
ĪЦЦ۾
Īûʲô飬һƱڻУûȥݶϺȣںϣǰѲƵĶϽ
˰ͣڴȻڲ˲ϵĺתͷĪƣԥһº߹ȥ
ĪƵߣϥϵĶϽ˱˴˼Ĭ˺һκȻ˵ʵұѽΪһܳͶƣŭĽͣڿɵãǶϵģƵģëûС
Ī⻰һ£ЦЦݽȥƽ
֪𣿡ĪƵ˵Һ㲻һԭֻƽƽعӣϵˣϵ£ƽ
δͷϥϵĶϽĬš
Īƿ˿еľƺݹȥ
ζƺһŽӹɷ˵عԼһڣƵζǺһؿȣ˺һŻűͨƺĪƵĻ
ĪЦŰѾƺӻ§ڻתͷԺеҹɫ
ʿˮɤһЩĪ˵һ죬ҳĽͣһơ
Īһ㶣ЦãϣǸʱҲܹƽƽӡ
ѵõЦЦȻ촽Щ˼Īʵ㵱˵Ҫҵǰѽ𣿡
ءĪЦרΪء˵תȥԼӣڹǰѽøΡ
͵ܵġСؽӹ˵պһȥǼҵŰݷá
šĪҲû֪εӣܽѽͲˣĪƽ˵ܲǰѶϽҡ
һ£ǰѶϽĪʵҪⶫʲô
Ī˵պһͣ͵⽣ҵһ룬ûа׾㡣
ЦЩתͷ˿еǰѶϽǰѽݸĪơ
ⷽԺУʵȺһĪ⣬κ˵ѩҲ⡣
ˣȥľȻ˪
һǲΪʲôҪС˪˵졣
֪ĵϸԺ»²˵СҲһǴһšŪˣû׼ͻʲôô
˪ƲƲ죬Ϊмǿʲôô
ˡ²յ˵ҾΪ˱Թģ
ûûС¶ŰѩѡһƵգҺð˳˳ؼ޳ȥ
šͷѩͬˣ
˪죬û˵ͬҲû˵ͬ⣬ֻǲԸˡ
븧ЦЦҲΪˣɣѡһӣһļױ
𡣡˪æ֣ױͲˣӾУǶҲ
ͷóһϻµʱֺݺݿȻǱ

ʮ 

ôǣ˪ȵæȥḧıʵ
һֱӣֱ߷ĻһȻǱһѣת˪˪ѩһֱҵģһֱ㡣ҽ㣬ĪΣ
˪ȻԶĻʵһһŻش֣ܺá
븧뵭ЦЦŶ˪˵ãһҲˣĪҵλΣ
⡭˪ţɫЩȣö˶˵ģ¶
ܵи׼˵ӹԼҲ֪Ϊã˵˵ʲʺϣ
˪һ˼Ϊ侲˵ĪƵֵܣ֪˽Ҳأֻǡ˪һ£ԼλãֻЩƣʱֶ̣˲
˪ⷬ˵ͷ˵ЩҶ֪˼ȥҲûҵʵѡ
˪룬΢΢̾һȻӿһɬΪ뿴ĪƣΪ˿̬Ե룬ԾˣҲв˪̡
û˪ϸ΢ı仯۾˵ʵĪƣҵǻڵһ¶
ţʲô¶ʵ
ŲŲӣ˪˵ڰǰĪ֮ȥд̽ĵϸֻǲãҲûвȻ
¡
Ҳ˽ĹȥԲȫ֪ǸˣҽҪһ¶˵
˪šüë˵ͷ˵ұ׼Ӧ
뻺˿˵֪Īѣ㣬ĪԺʲôĻҪǵԴΪء
ᡣĻ䣬˪ͽ˵ʲôֵ顣
ӣĵ˵ҵȻҲ֪ᣬ⻰˵ҲܸӰһЩ
˪⻰Ĭˣ֮˵İɡ
ƵЦЦʱתͷϵĻƬָ̺һƸ˪˵Ӱɣ
˪ŻֿЦЦ˵ɣлˡ
˪ӳɿĪƺͰѩԺͷ˵Ż˶Цţһ˪ĳȴһأŲ߹ȥ
ֲ̹ˣô߸·ڹƵģѩ˪̵˹٩
˪ǿЦЦ˵˵ԽԽû
ѩ˪һۣؾ˾졣
ˣҸ˵¶˪ѩ˵ҸˣĻʮպ󣬼ױʲôҰ׼ţԼĶҲҪץʱʰ
˪˵ⷬѩɫͽȥ˪˵ԽԽС˪˵꣬ѩݺݵصԼ׸ۣתͷҲصˡ
˪ŰѩԶıӰͷܲζС˪ԼúǻмӣǲܻŰѩһӡ
ȥοοɣҲֻȥ˵Ļˡ˪תͷһԵĪ˵
Īƴ۾˵ͷһ˪ļȥҰѩ
ѩݺѰĪƵĵطӣڱС
С㡣Ī߹ȥ˰ѩһ¡
ѩûԾһ̧ͷĨĨϵ飬ŷȦĪƣȴЦЦ
ѩһЦĪҲζæ˵С㣬Ҫ޾ʹʹһ
ҿˡѩ˵վϵȹҷⱲӶٿˡҡѩ̧ͷʵҲҸ磬֪ΪҺãҾһ£Աֵúܺ
Īһ£ʵ㵱ôģ
šѩЦЦɲܸҪݺݳͷһ¡
ĪƲ˵ֻŰѩ۾ѩǸЩԵĹĪƽղ֪ѩһõŵµˣһ㣬Ҫǿˡ
ֻǿϧѩĪƲ˵Ȼ̾һ˵ұ㽲£Ĺ£ǰĹ£Ժˡ
ֻǳޣֲԶˡĪЦǵʱұ׼㽲òã
ģѩЦʵ
ȻĪ֣صص˵ͷ
ѩԹЦĪƵ۾һ˲񣬰ѩĥ͸ԼĪƵĸ飬Ϊ¶ҲʹԼڿĸ鶼νˣ˼ͽͣǲȥΪá
ϣĪݶȾơ
ιһ˺ȾƲƣ˽ݶϴ󺰡
Īƻ˻κľЦЦԺкˣɡ
촽еĽϣһ·Сݶȥ
ܶϣζϲĪݶţβȾƣĪƵݹľֻһСڱ㻹˻ȥҲ⡣
νƺĪƣĨĨʵ˵ѩҪˣ
šĪƵ˵ʮ֮󡣡
ŶӦһ˫ϥһߣϢδȣһһµԺӳ
ĪһָָۣŵĽ΢΢Ц˵ԽԽģˡ
β˼ЦЦ
ѩ˵ԽԽи͵ģˡĪƼ˵չҲ٣֮ǰǵúúõл
Ī˵ʣµİ˷ϣȥˡ
γĬؿĪȥϵİƣڱţֻһڣüͷǲϲƵζӣֽƺŻԭĵط
ʮպ󣬰ѩޡ
ѩմʺļ£ѩϽ뿪֮ǰû˪ʲôɫϺͷ֮ǰԲݺݵصۣŪ˪ϵЦһֱǽŵġ
յϲ磬Ժеĺܶ˶ȥˣ˪ûȥ
⵱ĲȥеðɡյԺУĪ˪˵
˪˵ҲԸ⿴ңһǱˡ
ĪҡҡͷƵ˪ǰ˵Լġ
˲ˡ˪ӻ֣ȻһƣãҲõ
ĪƲÿɷصͷĿȻƲԺӣŰţ˪ʵѩϲ磬Ҳûȥ
ûȥ˪һھƣ˵ӳûȥ˵Ҳˬ
ȥһۡĪ˵
á˪קסҪȥĪƣ˵Ҹȥһۣ˯ˣȥˡ
Īԥһ£ͷԭλã˪Ⱦơ
˪պˣȵЩȥϲ˻󣬷˱ʣýҪ˼ʾΰݵģһϣ˪Ժĺö˶ݹء
ĪһԸеֺֺЦҲס˪ֻܿԺƷ衣
Īơ˪еͷأĪһ˽
壬ˡĪת˵
ͷԺз˪̾ȻĪƵļ˵˵

ʮ 

Ī£ɫҲûҶʣС
ڣʾĪ£֮ߵǰȡһֽŵĪƵǰ
Īֽһۣ˵壬ǡ
΢۾һֽһչĪƵǰ˵֪˺͸վѾԺϵ
ⷬĪһʱûӦֻؿ
ңתȥĪţ棬ĳ˵
塭Īƴϼ־˵Ļûڣͱһƴ˻ȥ
㲻ôҡ˵֪һԸλӡûϵ¶ú룬·Ҹ̺ˣ߲Լѡ񡣲պĲԸ·Ļǵýҽո㿴Щ˪
ĪԳĬΣ̾һһġ
šֻЦЦ
ӳĪƿ˪ԺžƷ裬Ǽĸ첲εļϣǶߴز֪ơ
һ˪ĸ첲һƿ˪ʴչﲻµԶ
ĪƿһĻεҡҡͷûͶȵĿ⣬ϷȾȥˡ
ҲǱѩչϰˣҲˣ֮ĲأǱ˾һԺչţûס죬뻹ˡ
ãһжƵģ˼պ˪ӣĪ˵Ҿû߸ֱŤ廹çײ֪ţ㿴ڣʲôûС
Ī̧ͷϷɹһŴ㣬յⲻôŨңֻԺһ㡣Īû˵ͷеһֽš
˪תͷĪƣȻ˵һĵģԶи¡
Īеֽţ˪˵˵治Ըⶫͽ㡣
˪Цҡҡͷ㻹Ǳˣⶫ֡
ĪƽǼֽ߬ͷЦЦ˪˵öԣܶ鶼ƵģһҪѣһεС
ˡ˪˵գȥϵ㣬һΪãΪ壬ôҪҪȥһˣ
ĪƱЩֽ߬ǵ˵ͷ
ӹǳ⣬һ䲻󣬵ȴ˪˵Ϊ顣
ŸȻ˾ͳĵذһݡ˪˴ߵĪ˵
ĪƱζŪЩͷۣһֱüͷʲݵ˪Ӧ֪ˣҾͷЩΡ
˪ƲƲ죬ĪƼ𣬴һǰȥݣϵʱҪͷĪƿһۣʾҲ
Īε̾ҲϣͷǰķĬƬ̣Ȼеһһز¯С
ΪʲôҪһһ㡣˪Ͱ𣬿ĪƵľٶеЩЦ
һһĪ˵Ȼ˪֪ĪʵˣǸû౱ʵһα£У֪ںεصȡ
˳ˡĪưݺ֮˪ʼ˵ðݵĶݹˣǩ
ǩĪƴʵҪʲôǩ
氢ѩԵǩ˪Щ˼˵
ĪƿЦõ̾統ġ
ǩĵĵط˵Ǻ٣һλϺа۾ȻؿϣĪƶ˹˲ֱЩӣ΢Цš
˪Ϻ߹ȥĪȴûǰվڲԶؿš
˪֪Ϻ˵ЩʲôϺЦŵͷȡǩͲ˪˪ûȥ飬ǿŵش˴ȻŽȥȥڰȴסˣתͷĪơ
ôˣĪһԴʵ
˪ҧҧĪµ˵㣬ҳɣңһֱãǰ䣬ҳһ£ұȥһš˪˵վŶˡ
ιĪƻ˪˪ûͷĪƿ˪ıӰҡͷ̾תǸϺУҲû룬س˸ǩӳصݸ
ϺнӹǩӣƣʲôҲû˵һֽĵݸĪơ
дţδʲ˭֪¶෴Ӧȫ»Ȼշޡ
ĪűֽĲãұ˪Ϊѩǩȴ
ôôĪĿյ˪Ѿˣյʵ
Īƻعæֽ߬Ц˪˵ǩǷٰ֮üͷϡ
˪ĪƵĻһͷС˵ǾͺǾͺáȻ̧ͷϺоһ˵ʦллˡ
ϺвĪƵĻѻЦŵ˵ͷһƣ˵ʩؿͶλʩ
鷳ˡĪƺǿЦЦ
˪ҲϺЦЦЦȴǷĵɡ
ɽ䲻󣬻ȴһ֮УϺͶ˳·ϣżὲһеĲľͽ˪ûʲôȤҲĵţżҲϺϼ䣬ĪȴһֱĬţֻͷߡ
ʦҿŵ߳ϾУҺаԵǵ治ɱ˪ŽűһֻЫʵ
ҷȱϺ˫ֺʮ˵
˪ЦЦ˸Ƿ˵⵹ҲǣȱҸȥˮסŵеҲǷӵܣ
Ϻ룬ŻȻһ㣬Ŷ˵λʩϺ£һϵӣ˵ʩǰˣտʼʱҲֻǰݰݷ𣬲Ҳ˺ЩӣҼʩȲҲûȥ֮أʩˡ
¶˪ЦЦôʦ֪˵
֪ϺҡҡͷʩӲ˽Ҳ֪λʩضѡ
˵ֵġ˪ĺ˵һԴȴûոջԼŵĪƣͷһһشվڶ󼸲Զľ롣
ô㣿˪Ī߹ȥʵʲôأ
ĶĪ˪ʵЩơ
˪Īʵһգգ۾ʵʲʲôˣ
ռģصǸˡĪƵѾЩ
͡˪ĪƵķӦŪͷԣָĪӣĿİͰ͵˵͡ǼӺСС
Īת˪ָָŵķ
㵽ôˣ˪ż΢΢Īʵ䣬ͼĪǼӺ汼ȥˣһֽڵϡ
˪ʰϵģչ˶ֽ˺飬η紵ɢ

ʮ 

ĪݺֱȥŲȴԽԽֱͤŵǸӲŽŲͣ
ͤУһ䣬۾ſһֻ˯İèϵЩȴܸɾ£Ժ󣬴鷢ҡ
ӣȡ
Ȼ䣬ĪƾԼƺص˼ǰÿ峿ģ
ĪͣͤȼⲻǰֻĬĬؿȡڱĿ񣬷·ϵһ޹أָһֱϥϰèĶ䣬ĪĻΪԼǰһжǻ
ʶ˪֪ʲôʱȻվĪƵԣʵ
ĪƻȲҵס˪콫ϻǰ
ͤУţúŻ۾ϥϵİèŵϣȥ֣һҶ죬µĿҶεԹȵĽűߡ
㲻ӦƭҵġĪקǰ֮˪˦˦˵
ָʲôĪţǸոȵӰûϸ˪Ļѿڱʵ
ǩĵ¡˪Щŭ˵ûкĪƺЩߡ
ǩĲذѩ¡ĪҲûʲô˵˵ȥ¶һԼ̲סȥһȣǩʱԼ顣
ҲӦƭҡ˪ĪƵĽŲǰܲ˵ؽʵǸʲôϵ
ĪƶסŲ˪Һûйϵ
ôƭҡ˪ǸˣΪʲô
ĪƽͷƲһ࣬Լ侲һЩתͷ˪˵˵һ飬Һûйϵ˵մ˪߲ȥǰߡ
˪ص̾һѾ߳ЩĪƺĪƣס˵Ļ
Īƺ˪ʱѾǰˣһǰһ԰ŽԺУ˭ҲδԷ
˽ʽվԺпŷˡ
ôǡԺһƶŸľˮֹ
οһۣмƲƲ죬Լӡ
ǻưĿ˵ı鶼Уλӣ㽫еˮһԵǰ˹ȥ
ſڻˮʵҲֻǽϵĽݺݵϣȻȥϴϴ׺ŵȵˣȥݶĪһʵô¡
ֻǵϣβûпĪƣУݶϡ
ҹ£Īƴ˿ӹɽУԼûϢҲԼķǣҲƲסȻ˾ĲٺȾ񣬵֪Ⱦʱ̲סҪ
ֻԶԶؿһֻۣٿһۡ
ں徻ֻЩģоĪСĵţһ·˰ʱȵǸͤӡ
ͤǰԶһССӣųһ죬̫ŷ͸˳Īҧ´ǼСȥ
ĪƵĶᣬΪô꣬ڴ˷ȴԾ쳣ؽšòŲſڣŷȥϣڵ˹Ȼȡ
ϣϵǰյֻèֻèʱȴúܣֻ۾ĴţҲ֪ôƺ͸ŷ˶ڰĪƣһ
ĪһЩ飬æ˹սǵĵط
ȸоèĻ̌ۿ˿ŵ⣬еƿţǰڰҹɫ
ĪƶڹսǵĽУʵϺܽĪƽԼ첻ԼŪ˿紵ݶԿȵӣɢķմŵĵ⣬ŵƬ
ǰĺڰãŻӵŹغãδһ϶
ĪţڰжƬ̺ųŲǰǶŵơ
ҹ̫ˣĪƿȷֻèϵĪŶϸЩȻ֣ḧľƽĻƣֱڵĵƻϨˣ߳߻ذźǷԺӡ
ȥĶˣĪƻصԺеʱѾҹΪԺеӦö˯ˣȴûһţαʵ
Īһ޹ſһֱֱʱ
ĪԺţ˸ƣѹ˵ЩҪ죬ôô㻹ЪϢ
Ҳΰ˰֣һº˵Ҿ˪ôˣ
ûôĪ˪һۺ˵ֻҽǩĲãҵء
ЩɵĪһۣҲûʣֻ˵ˣǵ¶ˣȻȥˡ
ĪεͷθҪתȴĪһ䣺̫ˣȥݶϺȾˡ
ĪЦЦ֪
ŷĵصͷԼӡĪԺ˰ΣҲ֪ʲôĸʱҲӡ
֮ļգĪÿ϶ҪȥӹǸһۣеʱȵŹصúĪƲֻһҲеʱȵǿŵģÿʱĪƵǲǰˣһע⣬Լ¶
ֻмʱȵŵģһխխŷ죬ĪƻڰУŷȥ
ÿÿһʱĪƶԼܿЦҲܿɱȻԼǧ飬ȴûƤûҪŷϴա
յĪնججģ˪ʱ򿴲ȥסʵ㵽Ҫҵʲôʱ򣿡
ʲôˣĪƤҲ̧һ¡
ҹģܳȥʲô˪Ƣʵ
ʲôЩѡĪں˵
˪ĪƴսһЩӣ˵ȥǶմζ
Īüͷһ˵ʲôʱôԸˣ
㵱Ըȥܣ˪ɤ˵㣬ԴԺ˶𣿡
Īƫͷ̾һҵʱ䡣˵տ첽Ժȥ
ЩʱЩѩǼСļƬѩžʹ
ĪƲϲѩΪڵĻѩܻ㼣
ѩһֱµڲͣ£ĪƴʱҲһУֻȵӺԶ
ѩԵʣоúܣûУǹһӣǰʯϣֻһֱİèһϥϡ
ĪƵЦЦȵıӰȻѩӺʺ
ʯϣèţȻ̧첲쳤ֵڣ¶бȻ˼¡
Īһ㶣ƺٵ׹ȥöǸơ
˵Ҫ㵽ʲôʱ򣿡

ʮ ѩ

ĪڰӰţҲ֪Ǹ˻Ǹýò˳
ȵ˰ΣҲûеȵκεĶĪƲĵطȥ
ĪƱӣߵֻѩͿҶĴִ֦ҵϸһ£ƺ뽫ԼڲصԽԽĽŲĶУôҲڸǲ
ŲͣĪƵǰİѩһѵġ֨ѽָƽĪƶ֦۾գ
ǶõĿ֦ǰƬ̣ʰЩ֦һԵѩϣڵǱĪƣϴһ˿ҵ飬鼸Ͷ˵һʱһˣ·һδ
ĪƲ̧ͷȥȣ뼫һĿ⣬ò׽˰˺Ѫŧܶʼ
Ҫ־ÿģĪƼϵһƬҶԴƬĿ
ѡӣһֱͷɪŵĪ§ڻ
ص۹סĪƵӣմζһ˿ī㣬Ķҹůȵ͸ƺԽǧ꺮ůοĪҲǺܿܿеһûϢһ
ûϢˣһšֻȵšĪͷȵļϣȴƫͷȵľ࣬ݺݵҧһڡ
һĪҲ𾪣ƤѺѪҺʵϣЩ̣Щࡣ
ȴû֪һ㣬üͷûһ£ֻĪԼĻĬĬ
Ī˿ڣϻմЩѪҰ׵ɫ£˾Ƕɷһ㡣ĪƼδ̧һӡ
ȵĵطҲȵĵط˫˪°峺Ҳ˫޲Į
˫Ҳϸϸǰϵϸڣ˫۵ĪĵѹѩϣѰԼѪҺĴȥ
ѩصıԺ߹ȴǻȵ¶ȣ̵ĴЩ顣ĪѩץһѣȴֻһѰѩץУѩĵ¶ȱ㻯ˣǿһ
ſң
òĪƲŰ˫ڼžҹ˻Ƶغ
ͣ˶һֻ첲Լ촽èڶ˵ؽһ
ΪʲôҪߣûѹĪƣȻʵ
Ⱦ౻Īҧ˿ѪѪʪһСƬϣĪƱ۾Ŀںݺݵһ£ƿȣӵ˳ȥ
ûȥ׷֪ĪƱض֪Լջ֪һ𰸣Ҳջύһ𰸡
ĪƳĵţ·Ȼһӹ˵ϣץϵŰѩԼѩˮԿл£θ
֪ԼӦȣǸְֺҲ޷һˡ
ĪĨĨ£ٴһǳһŵţտյҲǿտյ
պĪƱһյòʡ£һղѹһЩ
˪ľšһˮĲߵĪƵǰžһſϣȻڿĨĨʪ֣ĪϿŵĲ۳״ϡ
Ķôչ˵ģĪư۾˵
ͽͰɡ˪ĪƵƣڳһط£˵ܹͲˡ
šĪƳسһ۾˵һлл
ģ˪Ÿ첲ƲƲ˵
ĪŴЦЦ
˪ĪⷬģҲüˣֻеʵôԼŪģǰҹݶ˯ˣǴҹܳȥˡ
ЩѡĪ۾˵䡣
˪è۾Īƣ˵ʱĲˣԼҲҪи޶ȡ
ĪƵЦЦ˵磬Ҳ治ܣм¶ֻ㲻ɡ
ס˪üͷ˵ʲôϽ˵
ҷˡĪ˵ҲԺивУ
ЩëͲˣ˪ʵô֪ôСµˣ
ǡĪ΢΢һͷˣ뿪
˪Īô˵۾˵ĪƣڲأҪٸ˵һ·ӵĻһȭͷк㡣
˵ҲԺивУ뿪ĪԭⲻؽոյĻظһ顣
㡭˪ֱĪŪˣץ½ͽŪĪƶϷŵĲڵϡ
ĪҸ㡣˪ҧ˵Ҫҽӹ̯ӣǰ
䣬žͱƿˣδűЩʵôôˣһ̧ͷͼ˪ĪƵ½Īͷްӡ
οһĻһȻѸٵسŵĽָ˪ĺʵʲôſ
˪ǸӲˣﻹһֱĪˣص¶𣿡
ҽſεľ󾢶ַˣҧһһֵ˵
ˡĪƴ˿̿˿ڣɳƣ½ûʲô¶
ɡӡԥšָ˪
˪ĪƵ̾һȻɿԼ֣Īɻϣߵʱײһȥֽصˤϡ
λͷ˪ıӰһۣȻԼеĽˣߵĪƵ齱ߣʰڵϵǿˮн˽·ĪƵĶͷϡ
лĪС˵
һ죬ҲСػصлҡ
ĪǿЦЦ۾˯ȥ
һĪҴҴǣ䣬ԼϵĺӣǴޱ֮ϣȻ˸£ĪƵ
˪ձĪŪͷʹ죬ź˺öľƣÿһƾҪݺһ롣
˪˭ҲȥȰԶԶģƷ˪Ҳ֪Լ˶پƣֻ֪ڵҤƬһѣ˪ѴƬϲš
ĪЩԲڴѣ˵ȥȡ
Щɻ󣬵ȻǷƽ˾ֻôƽվһ˿һķӲϺе۾
ʩϺи˼æдǰèȴճԸߣϺоͱ߸èŶӣʵʩڵˣ
ȵīʶһ£˵ͷ
Ϻнеè˸˼صͷȻ˵ʩ㵭ĮӣҲһǣҶǣѵá
̧ϺһۣٺϺҲʶȤֻŪϵİèȴϺеĻŪЩĲɣһ˺ö֡
ȻպûеĪƣΪˣ˪

ʮһ ¹

ЩʱĪƿϣεݹһյȲ裬
ĪƣҰǸص˸ˡ˪ƿĪƵķţ˵Ⱦ͸΢üͷԺһȦ
Ī˪仰ֱӰûüµĲˮ˳ŪñʪһС˻סؿȡ
μ״æȥĪƵĺ󱳣һһԹ˪
ȿȡĪƿ˳˵ʲôصˣҴδϵʲôصˡ
װ㡣˪˵ȴֲǸɵӡ
߽Ŀû뿪ĪƣĪƱĿ⣬𴦡
˪һۣȻλ˻֣Σ
βѺõؿһۣеĽִӵ⣬˪ӣһأק˪ѹʵǸʲô˰
ô֪˪ڿϣһۡ
α˪̬Ūòڣýָ˪ʵֱ˵Ǿ̡
졣˪Ǹ߸ϵ̬ȣͷϣúţĶôϻ
ҧ˪һۣûٺߵһԵĴǰ֪ĪӴľΪͷԾЩˣһխխС죬͸Сȥ
ֻĪƵǰ߹ȥ˼ƣּĪ˵һʲôȴУһת˪߹ȥ
һưͣ˪ʵ
˪˰ҲûʲôֱӲͷʵʲôưͣ
ǸصˣҼˡ˵
˪°ͣ˵ֲһ·ϣԣҲشңԭǲ˵
ôģʵ
ֲҪȥʱһ仰δ˵ߵʱƫҪ󡣡˪˵
ˣȻǸưͣҲûáβм˪һۣĪҪ˵ˣȻġ˵մ˸Ƿתˡ
˵Ǽˡ˪תͷ˿ţ̾һ䡣
ڣĪƵߡ
һֱʵ
Īӣֿһƽ˵Ȳظ
ȵĿ΢һ£ȻȲҲνظѾˡ
֪Ī˵ͷ
ȶһ£°齱ߡĪӡ
ǰϢأߵɴࡣȱȻ
ĪƵͷЦЦδ𻰣ɴ
ֻһǶһֱţһ㣬ͽ㡣ȼȻ
Ī£ʵʲô
ȼǳһ´ǣӻȡһֽݸĪơ뿪ʱʲôûظԭе䵽ºīУһһ嶼δȣνġǿһֱϡ
Īƽӹֽչ˶Ȼۺãʵʲô˼
ѡȱȻһºֽűȻţԺߣҸ㣬Σ
ĪסȣȻʹҡͷţèһ㡣
üͷĪƵӦһչȥһֱƵĪ齽Ҳ˲Űݡ
Īҧ˵ȣ˵ȣΪʲôǴǰڣ㶼ϷŹң뿪Ǽ꣬ҲҪҡ
ûвŹ㡣ȱȻ˵ĪƵؿڣԼϷŹԼ
ҲΪҺܰ㡣Īƴü˵Ŀڱ硣
ֵס
Ҳܺ㡣Ī̧ۣסȼƮ
ȼ仰ЦˣЦ۾ĪԹŹһ㡣
ǣȴ㡣ȱȻ
Īգգ۾һɬĸоؿڣȵһ˼Ľ֮飬ĥ˱˴˶֮ÿ˶˺ۣߵߣ֮
Ī϶ţһһ̣ʵ㡭˵ʲô
򴽣Īƴյø˵Һ㡣
ĪûϢˣһ۽£գȥ
򵥵ĸֻĪƵĶߣþòɢ
ȵĴǵᣬԹĪƵգĴͣĪƲɵıϢȵࡣ
Ŵ̧ĪƵԼУĪƵУֽֽ߬߬ƺҪˡ
ȴ۾ֱֽֽ֣ɿȥȷţʱٴȥҧĪƵĴǳǳ̽
ĪûӦľͷһ㣬أڰ޵ıԵ˺ţʹࡣûֻһһţһһµؼء
ĪƻǴɵţиռϢȣʶҲ𽥱
ԵɡʱȴŽʳ̣һŤͷÿϵˡ
ĪŻ񣬵ɴ۾ȵĴѿȴϷţĪƵ򢲻תͷֱȵδеʳת˲Űݡ
ΡĪ˵ſڻһȻ˵ŵˡ
ȵͷ쿪첲ĪڻԴϣƺſɰģĪ㶵ؿȻ䣬һл
μ˸ոһĻֻθ﷭ţƺҪ͵һȥˣŲæԺȦȻ˪ȥˡ
˪ͷʹúܣֱ߿˪š
˪ӣȵ˭ģ
ȱºҡŶ˵ոǸưͲš
˪۾ʵôˣ
һ仰ɤ۶ס֪Ӧ˪½˵Լȥ
˪æȵקεĺ콫˻ѻ˵߳ȥ
ſҷſңŴ˪ѳеĽϣ˵˵˵
ɤӣһȴţǸưͣ
˪̾һγЦҧͷ
ε˪һۣҧҧû˵ԼһĻ˵ǸưĪ¹Ƶġ
˪һ£ȻЦӹ£˵ǲĪƽЩ翵Ĺˣ
㲻ùܡλ˻˵˵˵ҪҪߡ
Ҹ˪ҡҡͷԩ޳ġ
ǡںĪơЩż˵
˪ͷĬһ£˵ǸҲֻܲһ֮ʾͽϳȥ˵ˣҲ˵Ļ
Ųšҧź˵ϵĽ㲻ҹܡ

ʮ 

ɱ˪˵ôĪǺϵõģ㷭
֪òŲġ˵վ˽˳ȥ
ڣǹĪڻУſţķ˻ԭš
վ⣬ŵϵķ˷㶣һʱ֪Ӧı̤ӣԭرת˼Ȧ׳ŵͷȥγͷҲ̧ش˵ҹȥȻҲ
ĸֵؿڵΣĪε̾һȵĻߵǰ
ҪʲôĪʵ
㽫Ǹ˸ϳȥҿ۸㡣˵̧ͷĪơ
ȳȥԺ͡Ī̾Ȱ
εĿתȣ޺˵ҪȥҲǴһȥ
Īҧҧ´ȣΣһһ˵ãҲ㶯һһ
еĽýָָĪָָȣ״ε˵㣬㣬˲¡
ܲҾģòܡĪ˵
Ϊʲôܡ
ȥĪƴεĻ˵
סŵĪƣżԹʵʲô
ȥĪֻظǾ
εüëҪšõˣվԭزݺȡ
ĪƱû˻ӣȼ״æ߹һ¡
㣬ȳȥĪƵԴʹ˵š
μĪģͷҧҧֺݺԼĺףǳ˵ţҪϳȥ
Īҧš
εĪһۣˤ˳ȥԺ˼䡣
Ǹʲôˣĵúܡʵ
Īתȣ˵㻹뿪ȽϺá
ֻЦЦĪƱ𣬷ŻϣҴ˱ǣڵϿرĪƣ
Īһȣһͷָϣĺ˵ʵҲ㡣

Ǽһʲôˣ˪°ָָԺеȣһĹʵ˲Ǻö˶˵վԺ𣿡
ν滮ƿһ΢˵Ūȥ
˪һۣ˵ҵǾûʲôֻƺƧһĶôĳ𰡣
ΰ˪һۣ˽ĨĨǵĺȥ
̤ǰף۾յյ̫ͷɢš
Īʱźص˳̧ȣ߹ȥʵ㻹ûߣ
Ȱ۾Ȼ˵ˣȥұȥ
ĪɫЩ԰ף΢΢̾˵αأ
תͷĪЦЦǰȥ·˽ȻĶͷһǡ
Īû㣬ĿƳȾµǸ˿ڣ˿ڽ˺ɫ裬ԺҪ̵ġ
䣬㻹ǻȥɡǹĪƵĶͷȱȻ
Īϴǣȵ᲻һֱţĶȥˣֹԹԵشߡ
ȵͷĪЦ˵ͷ
ӦÿٶԶԶġĪ˵
ȱһ۾ٴĪƵĶͷȻļ磬ӡ
Զ˪ȴĳסú˫˫
ûУýʼ˴˪ʵ
˪һû𻰣תͷĪƵ۾
ιٴýʴ˴˪
ʲôᰡ˪عûк˵
ʲôεʵﲻң
˪Ÿ첲̾˵¶ˣһĪ˵
ĪΪûȫԵʣһֱ˯ú磬Ⱦһֱһ
ȶĪЩϸ񣬼վֻڴϾɵĪʵڷˣȾͽ𣬿Լϡ
պҲǸȼϲá
Īƿȵϴ˸Ƿ
˾˯ɡһֱֻȻһֵָֻĪƵػš
Īư۾ҡҡͷ˵ҾԼöˣҲͿˡ
ЦЦ㲻ˡ
ΪʲôĪø첲֧һʵΪʲôô϶
ҪٶԶԶģͲἸȥ￴ҡ
ô֪ҵģĪ̧ʵ
èҵġ΢ЦŻش
èĪʵ
ȵͷ֪㣬ֲԸ뿴ֵܼʲôʱ򣬽֣Լ̲סġ
Īһ£ЦմһһֱȥҲһֱ⡣
ȵͷЦЦš
ҾǸͦáĪ˵
ҾҲܺáȱȻ
Īҡҡͷһӣȴһ˻ѹ¡ĪƵ۾ǰȻԺңǱٶҡ
ĪҧʵȣĪƺ౱Ҫһվǰֻԥ뿪ĪƶԲԣ
ɫ䣬ŵüĬúűȻҲ֪
ĪƿЦһ£ʲôش𡣡
죬ʹʹǷ񰮹㣬ҵĻشҲһҲ֪
ǱǣǱ㲻ǡĪ˵
Ҳ֪ȱȻ
Ī΢΢ͷĬΣ̧ȣһָֻĦţѰȵĴȥĪ˵ֻ㹻ˡ
ȱ۾ŵԵĪƣһֻĪƵļ򣬺ԼĻֻ֪࣬ĪȥĲ֪Ӧδȥˡ
Īֺγһٴμȵĵһۣ֪ԼҲ߲ˡ
պĪѾָȼɫǺҲǷġ
ṳ̂ĪƵӣҲһߡ
ҲԸԺгĪκ˶ģĪȵദǼǰ֪౱˵ʱ˾ǾЩ飬ܲͱˡ
һֱĳһգĪʵ
ĪƶϥϵİèҡҡͷèƺԣɽѰȵˣĪ˳úܡ
Ҳ룬ֻҴӦһЩ£ܵýЩºúýȥ֮ߡĪ˵
ȵͷôˣҪȥ
ҲûáĪ˵֮ȥζ̫Ǻˡ
ҡͷЦЦϥϵİèĪƵĻȻţȥ˵Ųӡ
Īǰè˻أԵͷЦЦʹһԴ
ҰŪɡȸմȣͱ˪ǰ
һۣҡҡͷҪƹ˪ǰߡ
˪߿һԾɵȣ˵˵ҰŪ
ء˵
˪һ£㡭㲻ưͣ
ÿȽ˵
á˪Դһ·ȴԼǰ߹ȥתıӰ˵صģˡ

ʮ Ż

Ȳ֪˪Լ˵ʲôҲȥ糣ǰţȴȻþһʹǰһڣʧʶ
˪ûȥȣһѹסеĲ˪ûòˤڵϣȵ˵ϡ
ȹס˪ŵһԣȻȣԺеéݷУһ·ԺеƼˣ˭ûȥ˪
ݷ޴һƬڰ˪ӽвõһյ͵ƣӽȵִԼ˺һϣȵС
ԲˣһɣҺĪ˵꣬Ȼŵ˪ڵϣŻȥ˵ʱԶĪҲԶ˵˪߳˲ݷ潫ˡ
ĪһûȻͷ»İèҪȥͼ˪ƿ˷ŽȥǸ
أ˪Īüͷʵ
ڼ˪ϵյյ裬õĲͻ
Ī۾ϵһյ˵Ҳã˵
ˡ˪һ£ҲҪ˵Ҿ˵ʵһ¶
ĪƷ²յЦһǾ仰Ҫ뿪
ɡ˪Ȼ˵˵ǰ
硣Ī̾˿ǰңҺܸм㣬㲻ҪԶ
˪ʵǲΪǸصģһ֣˶ˣöŮ鳤ѶϣҶϲˡ
ĪЦ˵ˣΪ
ʲôˣ˪ʵ
ĪƳһҵĹȥڣԼ
˪ЦЦԾΪôһˣƲһУԶ߸߷ɣ
Īҧ촽ǣ֪ôܶԲ壬ҲãҲã´ҵĸ첲ȣֻҪһҺ뿪С
˪ҡҡͷʧ˵ҴӦ壬Ӧ㣬κγһӵѪ
ĪǸε˪ЦЦȻùнӹЩֽݵ˪ǰ˵磬Բ𡣡
˪ûӹЩֽ̧ĪƣǾ仰ɡ
˵ݷУֱţﻹ˪һŲȥȴӻ谵ģֻһյ͵Ĳݷʱõ
ܣһ¸ոյ飬Ȳ뵽ԼǱ˪ؽģ˲þϵʹУæѰų·ֻǲݷܹôһطѰѰȥֻǰܳǸţ˼һ£̧ȥ
Ǵˣ߲ԺƫƧĵط·˺һҲûôͣ˿ȴڴʱŵһľͷζһתͷȥ
ݷĵӿݱͲƽټ˺һյ͵ƾˣ˳ʳĵͣһԵĲݣӵĺܿ죬Ѿ˹
£æſţǲͣĴţȴЦţѾ˽ɵ׼
ŻˣŻˡ
ԺҲ֪˭Ӳݷð̣Ժе˺һ䣬һĹԺоҳһš
ĪݷЩԶ˺һע⵽ԺĶ˪һŻˣæӣץһ˾ʵĶŻˡ
ԺݷǸ˵ǵطҲûã֪ľŻˡ
˪ţ۾ɵϴ󣬺ݺƿǸˣæݷȥ
Īɻؿ˪ıӰǸ˪ƵµһѣæҲ˪ȥˡ
ݷ⣬һЩΧŸͰͰˮˮĪһȥ̣ûע⵽ԶΧڵϵȣֱתͷȻƳ̻ң˫۽յȡ
Īһ£æ˹ȥôҲ벻Ȼⳡйء
˪һԽϵӣº澪ŵȵ˵صģѰ
Īƶ֣һɻѹֲסһק˪½ҧʵģ
˪۾˵ǣû뵽
ĪƲͷݺҧҧþһȭ˪ϣٸҾɱ㡣ȻתͷΧߵ˼ǶԶ
һ˼ĪƷһ㣬æɢˣֻһڵϡ
ĪƶȥȵԣıϢȵıϢȻ΢Ȼȡ
ȣȣĪ֪ȴȵ֣Լıϣ˵ţҴߺòãҾʹߣߵԶԶġ
ĪƱʱŲ΢΢һ£˪״ȥĪԹ޵˻ֻĪһǳһŵؽȱС
Īƽȱڵϣ°ڵϱյ˲٣ƤŴССյĺۼĪ۵òУţϸϵ˿,Ϊ뿪ȣȥ
Ҳ֪𼱻ǵؾ˪վĪƵſڣǴۿٿĪƹš
ĴûأͿʼȰƬ̺Ī˵ûʲô󰭣վͺá
Īһֱţ⻰ųһǴлǴһ˵ķӣŰѴͳţ˴Īǲ׼κ̤ӣȵԣֲ߬Ըſ
ѵõҲܿ죬ʱ˶СؿһȻԵĪæ˳˳ؿڣƽȺ󣬾ͼ۾
ˡתĪæ˵
ȵ۾ﲼŲٵĺѪ˿ĪƾǸѵԵʣĿЩֻͣĪգۣһ鶼ûС
Īưοһһ£΢Ц˵û¶ˣ㻹ţ˵ˣҸ㵹˵ĪƱϵĲһյֻصȵߡ
ȵĿĪƣȻ΢΢Դ
һڰɡĪƽյȵݹȥ
ȵĿŴĪƵƿƵǰĲյϣ̧֣ǲյ˹Ȼȴת󣬽յеĲˮ㵹֣ǲյ䣬ϻ£ˤϣͷŵϵĲյƬβ
Īһ߿ɵۣ֪Ƿʲô裬˰ֽȵ˻Ŀ⼱еʵȣôˣﲻ𣿡
Ȳ˵ҲƣĪưǰһƽżִͺɻ
ȣ˵仰вУĪȵʵ
Ҳ֪ģƺĪƵ仰۾ͷ˵һСƬ
ءĪƻ뽫ȵԴȴû˳ǲϵ˿ڣĪƿ齣׵µؿǶƬһƬС
ĪȵӣĿڶµæȥеĴƬ˵ҴȥǺòãҴȥ䭡

ʮ ֽ

Ī˵վͷȴԼϵıƵ˿Щʹվʱɫ΢ŤץĪƵһ첲š
ĪƷסȣ֣οû£һ̣ʹȥǡ
ûκηӦֻĪߣ߱ߵͷԼĽš
Īһַȣһţ˪˪ˣæǰһǸεЦץȵһֻ첲ʵصģû¶ˣ
˵Īק˪֣ŭ˵
úúãҲ˪ÿ֣Īʵôûʲôصˡ
Ī˪Цòܡ˵սȵһ첲ԼľϣԺߡ
ҪȥĶ˪˵ıӰʵ
Īû𻰡
⡭ôˣνһͳţʱŴӰŽһžͼĪƷߡ
˪Īҧ
һתͷ㿴Ժе˪߹ȥʵô¶ɵģ
˪ݺݵһۣתˣһͷĪƺҲѳ˰š
ôʱǶգϵ˺õԿһЩһ·Īһֱš
ĪƷԼԣ˰ǰʱֻῴЩҲãһһУƬ̺ȥ
һμʱĪƲûֹڽȽЩһһ˴ȻԼˮ֡Īĵ׷ǽԴٳٲȥȡ
ֻȴ׽Īƣǽǲ߹ȥһǶϢذߣõĪ۽ǵһᡣ
ĪӣǾ̧ЦЦȻȥ˹ʣµķˣһһڵιȳԡ
ȲֶԼԣĪ˵ĻҲһûлӦǰ𴦣ĲɵضĪƿ
𣿡Īƾȵʵ
ԭأգ۾
ȣҪôڸһָԭҪôԶټҡĪҧ˵
Ⱦֻգ۾ɫ޲ĪƴĿоҲҲһ˿
áĪߵصͷװɵǲǣˣԼȥĶȥĶĪ˵վתȥӺܿ죬õϵĿ֦ꡱ졣
Լ˼ʮĪƶסŲͷŵ档ʮŲĪţαϻߵöһ
ֻΣȻûиֻԭĵطվţĪơ
Ī̾תһһٵ߻ȵԡ
ȵĿⲻ뿪ĪƣһԼȻ΢΢ͷǳǳЦһ¡
һװġĪҧгݵ˵бһֱװȥҪĳһ֪ƭңһù
ȵĿĪƵɨһȦȻͷ˵һƬɵĿҶ
ˣ߰ɣҪ·ءĪȵ֣߬ԼУ˵ң㲻ܶ
Īǰߣȱİ벽ţȥһ·ϣĪƾܾǰ飬ǰȷԼ飬ţԺȵӾͱģˣҲ͸ôѰҲ
ÿʱĪƶתԼȲɿȻȵرһ£˵һҪ¡
ʱƣĪ֪ԸҲʵ֡
һº󣬾ǳ֣ҩݵӼûʲô仯ŸļζҩģһϷ鿴
ƹ񡣡
ĪһˣĬĬظҩݣҩҩζüͷһ˫ۺܿš
ԣСҩƷ̧ͷǰסкŵҲȻֹһʹһ۾ŷеҩģæӹƳ
ĪӣعӣôˣһΪǾھˡ˵
ĪɫЩ㲣԰׵Цר̻ġ
Ŷæ˵æҵصյ˵ǰҺ£
ĪƲֻתͷȣ˳ĪƵĿ⣬Ҳȡ
ȵͷǰյĲ裬ָڲյıϣȻ̧ͷ˿䭣ֿ˿Īơ
عӡôˣһ㷢ЩĪʵ
ЩʱˡĪ˵ͷ·һӣʲô֪ˡ
ͣٴοȣĪһӡ˫ۣ͸͸߰ȣĿ⵹һڴʧ˵ĺӡ
⡭Ƿʲô£䭼ʵ
𡣡Ī۾һбȳģʱ˼󾱻һࡣ
ĪƵæһӹһӹקȵ󣬿
һ£ȴû䭵ָԼƶգգۣĪơ
ĪֻЦЦ
䭰һ˺ܳʱ䣬ʼʱȥȴûʲô⣬ϸϸһ̽䭻ǷһЩ⡣
ʵ䭽ָȵÿĪƿЦ˵
䭴ͷԼϵһգһ˵ⲡ֢ЩټҸ׵һҲֻ֮ǰһĲˡ
Īһ˵ô𣿡
˵ҡҡͷԹعڵĲ֢㻹֪ĺá
ã˵ĪƵͷ˵
Ҹһɡ˵ӹһдҩֵֽţչĪƵǰÿ˵һֽĻֽϵ־ǵȵȣڵȡ
䭶˶٣еֽۺջأ˵ǣֽһš
ֽĪƵظһ䣬תȣī۶û£
䭵ͷ˵ձ̳ѬúˣټЩˣЩۼعӾͱӡ
ôЩ꣬ȫˣ£ټ𣿡Īƽʵ
ǡ䭴عӵһУܶҪ¿ʼ
ĪƴͷʱѾûȥһۣЩİ޾Ȼ׵ر룬׵һСԣĪϣڻеԸԼҲԸհ·
ʵĪһֱ˵䭱˵¿ʼҲδزһ£һЩ¶˰ɡ
ĪƻҡҡͷĶһţδĳһ죬һὫЩϤ

ʮ س

߶һ䣬Īƣ˵ĪӣعⲡͻָˣҲԶָǻָԭԴϲǲָǾ͡
ֲָһĪƽ˵˵Զȡ
䭵˵ͷĳһ˲䣬Īơ
ɣĪӣҿعϵļ˻ûȫãٸ㿪ҩӣǵøعӷϣվȫˡӣ˵
鷳ˡĪ˵
ĶĻЦŰڰ֣תҩӴдӽĪơĪƽӹֽлתͷȻϣ߹ȥĸ첲˵ˡ
оؿ߳ҽݵıӰǧ˼ֻΪһ̾Ϣ
ҽݳǰظĪƣ·ʲôʶõУΨиĪһ¡
ԸˡĪƵͷ㵱ֻܸңô룬Ǿںƭҡ
ڳĴţһ·º󣬾ֵӶ档
ĪͷĬĬţװ⣬ʵһأ˳һǣԭظλãֻظѾĳ¸ԭںڵĸţɫ
¡£Īƿϵ֣תͷ˴ڶȣ֪õشʵѵǽظת˳ºī
ȸоĪڻתͷգգ۾ҲǰĸſȥŽţֻվſڡ
ʲô
ʱǰ浶ǰü۵غȵ´լҲ㿴𣿲뱻͹Ͻ
Ī۾ƺ˵Ĵĺǳţֻϴġ¡ֳ
٣˽һ˲طγһ˵ĵĪŻٲҿŲš
ĪƴջĿ⣬ûأȵǰ˹ȥ
Īһ£ҲˣŻһףû˭ĲҪһϴģһʱȴǲ֪Ӧôˡ
Ȳûǰͣס΢űߵСʯʨӡ
û˵ˣɻؾͽԼеĵȫ˳ָȺȵ˭ǰģٲͰ㿳ࡣ
ĪƼ״ĵæȵǰץֽһϣ죬ĪûȥʲôֻԶȵ
ǲǡҲܻǸطĪʵ˵ǲǻǵЩʲô
ȵͷԼָָմЩʯʨԴϵĻҳ顣
Ī̾ˣָȻ˵ˣ߰ɣٻǸطҲˡĪ˵ȣųּߣҲ֪Ҫߵȥ
ֻƬ̹ȴȻͣס˽Ųڽ϶סһ¶ӣĪգգۡ
û취ĪεЦЦ֪Ƕˣ˵߰ɣٷҪԼԡ
δǣƷȻڣҹƷڣͷķɫôڡ
ͷĪƿǽʵʵһ£æŵЦĪӭȥĪӣӣͷСˡ
ѵ㻹ϵҡĪòصͷЦЦ
ĶĻͷæ˽˭ҲĪӰ
Īקȵһڣߵǰ£ͷ˵ƵȲˣһ
ϣԵȡͷӦҪתĪֻס
ȵȡĪԳһ£һɡ
ͷЦ֪ĪӺһڡ
ڳϣתͷŸӴ⣬۾Ҳ֪Щʲô
Ī°ĲƷÿһֵģյײȭߺȵټһЩ̵ЦֻΨߵһһһ
ĪӣˡͷƺԸһļžؽӶ˵ϣ㡢˿ŨţҪ𡣡
лĪ΢΢ףƺԼһƣһƱҲȵһƵǰ
ȿǰľƱֶֻ̧ˮһӺһڽȥľζŨЩģǺüͷ¡
ĪȴЦ˵ôκȾһӦ
Ȳ֪Ī˵ʲôֻƱŻϣƵԶԶġ
Ī̲סЦһ˫Ӹȣ˵԰ɣһ˸ˡȼйһţϸϸؽĪ˵ˣǾͻӹǣӦûһЩڵϢ
¿еţϼȥĪȴĿӣ˾䣺Ȼϼһûд̵⣬͵ȵ
һº󣬶˲շתֻصӹǡ
ʱǳʱڣԵļϣ˵ɫļһĪƿ⼸һã߹ȥֻСëȵֱϡ
ȶ֣գ۵ضֱϵë濴һҶֱëУ濴ˡ
룡ĪƱ뿴һֱʲôʱ򣬿ëڱҲ̲סˣҡĸ첲ֻë涶˳
ɵˣֶȻܰסĪƸ˸ȵڣֹϳɵ̾Ժ·ܳ߰ɣȥˡ
˳ڣĪƴȻصȰŵǰһƿ߽Ժڡ
ʱԺУһͷԺﶺèĪƽˣһͱԼͷҭݺݿ²˵㣬ǻˡ
èˣεĽű뿪ߵȵĽűߣΧȦȻһ
ȵͷһֻè
˵ţһĪʵ˪أ
˪Īգգ۾ôˣ
˵ȥ˰˵㡭û
ĪҡҡͷûУȥĶˣҲû߹ҪȥĶ
Լĺףû˵ߵüҲûüʣҪԺ˵Ҷ֪֪عӵ¡
ĪתͷḧŰèȡ
عôˣκСĵĪʵ
ĪƳһ£תͷ˵ûʲô£ġ
šζȵͷ˵ٹЩӣ˪ҲģʱҲܷһЩġ
ĪƳ˳ǣߵȵߣè˵࣬ʵè˲٣ιã
ǰɡ˵ι죬èվꡣ
ĪЦЦèȵĻ˵ţèֻ㡣

ʮ 

˪죬Ǿݣյûֻ꣬Ʈϸ˿Сꡣ
˪߽ÿվ£ſƽµΣҲŪʪһ
ĪԻ߹һ֧úȰؿ꣬úЦЦ߹ȥʪ˵һЩ
˪ػˣһģȴվԺˣ֪ԼӦýӦˣƾϸԽС
ǧｭɽȥˣäѰ𣿼ֱһⶼûСĪһתͷͼ˪ԺУõеú˵
Ļ֮У˪ĪƵı飬ͷЦһ£˵һΪٻˡ
Ī߳£˪˵ҺҪǾôߵͲֵˣҵ㿴ȣԭΪֹ
˪ԼЩգƸбδ˲٣صģԣءӣڵôˣ
Īתͷȣ۾˵һѻͣκǵˡ
˪һ£ͷ¶Ƿģ˵ɣʲôС
ĪҡͷЦЦתתϵúʣ˵Ҳûʲôðͼš
͡ţ˪ɻʵ
šĪƵͷĶڵıҪ̯ٴνӹҡҲҪչˡ
˪죬㵱ˣ
ǡĪ˵ʱ뿪˵㡣
ɳɳɡ˪ԴСһ㣬żĶھ͸ȥ
ʲôͣ㻹ȽЪһЪɣȥҲ١Īƴ˸Ƿ˵˵תȥ
˪ԭأ̧ͷ죬̾һ
ż죬˪ǲԺУĪƱǽЪȥģôץдõžĴȥˡ
˪ҪʲôʱպİĪƺΧһ
Ľų̣Ҫʮ֮ɡĪſش
ȳŶ˵Ŀյּ̧йеһҧһںסȻŻԼУҲ˳˿ӡ
ĪҧԼĿӼȵľٶɻҲһԼںüͷȥʵĶġ
գգ۾˵ڵİ
ĪεЦЦڵ̫ˣûɣǿɬĿڸС
β˼ЦЦҹȥںˡ
Īûε˼ǾȵķӦֺֺЦ˵ӵƢǿڹˣҲܸһģ治ʱ뿪ؼԺôġ
㶵һҲ֪Ī˵ʲô˼˵عӣ񲻺óͳԵİɡ
ĪЦЦ㲻Ȱ
һ£ԭعǶ𣿡
šĪƵͷּһƫƫҪȵеݣأ߶ţҽҪԽһȥ
ĪƽǿݹƫͷЩ죬Ƶüˣվ㡣
ˡקŰѾԽĪƣعӼȻԸǾ˰ɡ
ĪƲƲ죬ϣӵԼǰһһԼУҲһγԾؿ
վĪƶȿһ۾ԼϣмһԼҲûֱȥ
Īͣ¶ЩؿȣĪñЩᣬһԣӽ˻ȥȼһЩĲˣ˵ˣ񲻺óͶЩ
ΰ쿴˿ȣתͷ˿Īơ
㿴ʲôĪװ˵εмһ˵ҲԷ
οӣÿӽŪڣĪƣ˵һֱãعڵʱƽ̫һ
ĪƱҭһ£װĵʵﲻһˡ
γһ£Ҳ˵عӲڵʱе°Ը˽ӽعǰعǰǡ
˰Ҳû˵ȻĪƱ¿ʵ
°ͣһְζʳָ˵ֻèһ
סèĪʵ
ԡεͷһֻعһ˺ãޱֺá
ĪյͷЦЦ֪˵ĶǶԵģ̲סξֻһ˺ˣ˵úҶжһ
̾ϵǿĪƵǰ˻Σ˵Լ
ĪЦʼ磬һӵεأͬʱһ廨ݸȡ
ι죬ԹĪơ
ԷԷĪƻӻӿӣ̲סЦ
ҹ䣬ǾûгԺãĪȥԶĽ˼Ӹ
ĪصڵʱϵİèԺϵѾԼˣڷɢڼϡ
ĪƹغţЦЦȻѰϵľᣬͷ
Ҳ㣬ƾĪƽԴתתġ
ˡ˰κĪ˳˳ĺڷЦľŻϣ¡
΢۾ЩˣĪȴ۵زô˯ţ˴òһѡ
һüͷĪһۣϥϵİèĻſϡ
ĪƹŴǣһҲϣȵܽ˵ȣ˵仰òãʲôУܼǵʲô˵ʲô
գգ۾ЩƮƤóء
ˡĪ̾һеİèڵϣȵһֻ첲˵˯ȥ
ȱĪԵزϣĪƿſҪ˯ŵת飬ֽŪѡ
Ȳ۾Īơ
Īһͷȵֻ֣һȦսԼ֣˵ֻպá
𶯰𶯡Īȵ֣ЩãͷĪһۡ
ĪЦЦϵ£һ絽ϣ齱ǰһ꣬Χɻ״ּ䣬һ󱳿ůϡ
ĪưѸ첲ӻȦó߬ȵԼϣһ˵˯˯ˣ㲻֡
ȱ˰ΣĪƺԵ鷢Ūģȱ̧´ͷĪƵĺϡ
ĪƸҪ˯£;úһֲŵȣֻЦЦ۾һϵĺΡ

ʮ ľͷ

ĪƹƵùȻûúʮ˪Ż˳أҲһ
ǣ¸Īƾȵ˪ʵƺŻôɺϵ顣
š˪ͷǶƷԪºīפ̰īۼѴʮ˵Ŷڳ¸УЩ֤͵תͳ͢¶ˡ
ĪƳһ£֪ظճ£Ҳȷסŵľǳºī˪ʵ֪¸ȷλã
ǳ֡˪˵˵ԭһظ
Ī˵ͷ
˪˸Ƿ˵˵ǹԱ̰īĲճµ¸ߵ¿ɺã˼ˡλãʮɲʲôĿ
Īִ̧˪߶ʵε¶ͽж٣
ǧ˪ſָ˵˵ͽ΢Щˡ
šĪƲÿɷصͷû׼ȷĴ𰸣˵¶Ȳӣٿǿǡ
ɡ˪˵
̸պͳţ˪Ȳ߳ˣΪԺϡ͡ѩôãǵһλص
ԺеʯԣѩȵĶ棬֧Դشʱ˵Щֻè
˵ʲôˣĪ߹ȥȵߣЦеѩʵ
ѩƲ̾˿˵˵ʲôûã˸Ͳҡ
Īƾ˾ȻèĶ䣬˵ҲҪġ
ѩ㶣ЩǸĪ˵عӵ¶Ҷ˵ˣҸǡ
ûĪƴ𻰣ѩʯվŭԼ˪˵˪㿴ĸɵĺ飬Ū˲˵ҲŪˡ
˪Դ
ĪƱö˶ˣѩ½ʾ£˵ȱͶⲻŪģУĶһ緢Ƣĵһ磿
ʲôѩ˾˵Ȧȴ˺졣
˪¿ɳסˣæڰѩߣеʵѩ⣬ްôˣǲż۸ˣҪ۸͸˵
ûСѩȦ˪һۣû۸ңʲôôˣ𶯲ǻвС
úúã粻ǻ˪˫Эû۸Ϊʲôް˵˵
ѩ첻˵
ΪʲôĪЦԱ߲һ죬޳ȥôˣҲ˵ȥһۣ𣿡
˪˺ЩǸѩ˵Ϊ㻹Ÿ硣
ѩ˪һۡ
Ī͵͵ЦЦȵļ˵Ȱ߰ɣٲ˪Ҫɺƨˡ˵˵ȥˣԺŰѩ˪˵üļҳ
Īں͵һ۲ŽŹغãһתͷѾƵǰȥˡ
Īڽд֣ϣȻͬǰһ˵˵˵˵뷨͸ܣֻдʶ־һһϦĹ򣬺ȱǿԳĵˡ
ȻүȸĥīϵıʣĪæ߹ȥ˵
ī֭еþˣĪƲŷȵëʣչ˼ֽȥддĲֻ࣬Ǽ򵥵ĳ֣ԼԼֶѡ
ȣȵ־һŤŤ޷ϣֵӡڣֻд˼ȵ־Ǵǰһ
Թ飬дд֣ȵĿֵģһֽ˴ġȡ֣ʷ
ĪƽдõùСĵش˴־ӭ⿴˿أЦÿҵֱǰдûҪÿһЩ
Ȳ֪ҲԼֻǶĪƵһ˿ĪЦЦЦݵģɢĪϵ⡣ĪһʱЦŪˡ
Цֻ˶̶̼գ۵Ĺתͷ̨ʣԾɴűĪƵصһʡ
ĪƾһŻعҲû̫ȥԽڵþԽֶǣŪĪƿЦãֲ֪ôȥ˵ȡ
ȵƽúܣĪϳֽŵһԣд֡
˻׽ŪҡĪдֵӣŶͷȥϴˣϴϴȴԼЦˡ
ǰдһ磬ûôԣдƵʱ֣һԼģϣؿţ·һֽϵ־ͻữɺںƵġ
Īʱһȣƺһףͷ̧ŪĪֻǰƣʱȾʯͷһĲ
תϺĪֽ˼ۣյһƣһƾȵǰԼһԴĴһ¡
ȱǵһһ£쿪һ£뿪ĪƵĴ󣬴žȺɻؿĪơ
㡣ĪƲüͷǰקȵ½ְק˻ԼĴٴӡȥĦ΢ŵĴ
ȴ۾֪ĪǺ⣬ֻǴŴĸо΢ЩͷΣ־Щȣȴ㶵ظЩ΢ĸо
ĪĦ˰ΣҲʲôӦ̧ͷ˵ʲôʱһľͷģһӦûС
¾ԼĴȻһ£ȥȴĪסˣֱֻĪܻ񣬴ļϡ
üطĪƵļ磬ʵʵڵ£Ҳջء
ĪƲģһǶԸĪһֳֻӣһָֻȵٴν˹ȥεѹȵĴȥ
ȱŪüٵñӴŴĸоûȣԾظлȵĸо˶
ǾһЩӦĪЦˣȵĶĴһ˿οһ˿ϲ
ȵĶЩ׾ֻһĪƵĴ꣬ˣĪƾȻˣ˰ΣĪƲ̧գգۡ
һۣȴͷЩպ죬Ī˳Ŀȥ
ϵ·Ҳ࣬˳ȵĿ⣬Īƿطı仯
ڵǣ֪Լ仯ô£ϵı鸴ӣ
ȻĪȴúܣȵһ£Ȼ̧ͷȺǵ֬Ц⽥
У㻹ȫǿľͷĪЦյȵǰСأǶһ˵ܾˡ
⻰ֻǴ־塣

ڶһ磬ɵģĪſ˪ſڣţе˪Ȼ󰲾ؿµȡ
һ˪ľţ۾Īƣţһôˣ
ĪƲ˪˵ǹڳºīǼ£ҽˣʰʰһȥһˡ
˪⻰˴룬ֱ˵¶Ѱ죬㽻ҾУ㻹𣿡
ĪЦЦ˵Ҳǲ㣬ֻϵóºī¶һˡ
Ŷ˪ԴСĵؼʵǣҪǸô죿
Īų˵ｻΡ
ɡ˪˵ͷһʰʰ
šĪűӦҲߣֻſڵ˪ʵ³ºī»һЩԭû˪˵ģϣٴνظпҲ֪һʱʲôľٶ
ˡһ˪ٴδˣĪʵߣ
߰ɡĪ˵ðԺλһΣҡ
ϵ飬СŰһԻеһݵĪƵʵĲȥعӵ𣿡
˵ҲᶮĪ˵ӵķһۣſΣչ˺˰ʧʡ
İɡЦ
ĪҡͷЦЦ˪ȥȴʱ֣ż̧ͷһſŵİè֪Ժ﷢ʲô
˰֮Īȴûߣվڰǰ˰ΣϸỮգ˳°͵ڵϣһССˮ
ǰĪƴظ뿪ǸϣҲظǰվ˰ΣֻεĲ֮Уȴһθǿҡ
ĪҲ˵ΪΣԴȱԺĪƾʱϣټ飬ߣ־ã̫ƽĪƵͷԳЦЦۺʱҪĥ
˪ĪվƬ̧̣ļ磬˵ˣ߰ɣҪ·ء
ĪֿȵͰľۣ˵ͷת˪˵߰ɡ

ʮ 

Ҿ֪㻹ϵþǶƷԪºī
һ·ϣĪƶǳĬţ˪յͳʱӳЩͷ
ĪƱЩ룬˪£ͷ룬˵»ô˵𡣡
ȣ
šĪƵͷеǸ±ؼңʵϾȵĸϣ
ʲʲô˪òҧԼͷ
ĳ¸ҲԭסŵĵطĪƼ˵
⡭ֲƫҪһˡ˪Ȼ˵һֽʣԭôļҵΪʲôΪʲôᡭ
Ϊʲôֿտյ䵽ӹǣĪƽӹ˪Ļ˵
š˪ͷ
ĪҡͷЦʵҲ֪֪Щϵ׷ʲôҲ֪Ϊʲôظ
˪ЩʲôĪ˵⻰Ͱתһȥˣ˪ҲʶȤĬĬ·˵
֪ĪƲԺк󣬵ҲûʲôرľٶֻšüͷԼߵΣĿһֻſŵķϻ·ʲôصľٶϻͻ˹˺顣
ĿнŵĽֱȵ۾ĿڱƳһ֮ٻصϵʱȻ
ƲƲ죬Ųſں˯Ĵèץ˹ȵǰ
ҪèвУǶʲôСŰֹ
èƽױ˺ΣԹߣէİë׺ݵΡ顱һ
һ飬¿ɺãϻСϻһèˣè
ˣǲ𻹶㲻
һӳӣվԺе²Ž亹ɣӦĪչ˺ȵʱοû뵽ô飬ĪʱοҲûôദξЩĪӦˡ
ֻǺҲãŪʲô¶ǼĪйߵģվԺص̾һȥŪ緹ˣһ߻Īƿ
Īƿǲֻһˣ˺ؽ°͸˰èļϣè˳˲ſ¡
ȴڵһ䣬֪˼ʲô

ҹǣĪƺºīĸС
鷿ȴ޾ںԺࡣ
ǰݶϣĪƻ˻Ĺ˪˵ĹײžƺĺڣġۡӦǳǺӡ
Ϥ˪̾ݼĴ˵˵ôҪ֤ӦǷ޾ӲŶԣֱȥԺɡ
šĪƲϣȥһ鷿
ţȥǶʲô˪ʵ
Īƽƺݼϣǰиһֱõʸ飬дֵʱӦõùߣȥ
˪죬ͷɣ˵㣬˻¶һʸ飬߰ɡ
šĪסҪԾµ˪ָָ˵Ӻ淭ʡñ֡
ҹºīϸʱţҲĪƶ˺ЩĵطϤúܣ˪Ҷ㣬鷿С
Ŷ룬Ű巢΢֨ѽīĪһ۾ƺܿǰӡ
˶ˣҪҵǸʲô㻹𣿡˪鷿ţĪʵ
ڡĪһ˵İ边ǼûбҲƺûʲôԸ⵽Ҳ˱һ
ʸǵλϣĪƽ˹˷ĻսԼĻС
ˣ˪ʵ
ȥԺĪȷϽǱʸװ֮˵
ºīǰѻ˯Īƶ˻ǴӺ˽ȥ
޾ʵ򲻴ЩŨصζŪ˪ûȳ
޾ڵЩĪƺ˪˵ʵǼܼ򵥵飬ºīǸû̫䱸֮ĵˣ˺ܿڹ㷢ҪҵǼţ¸ȥ
ǼŴӳ¸ݶԾ˪˿Ī˵ʱ֣ŽſڽӦˣ¶ˡ
Īͣ½ŲʣµĿɾͽˡ
˪һ㶣Ҫʲô
ȥһ˳ºīĪ˵
ʲʲô˪ĪƵҲʹˣϿɸմӳ¸͵˶
ĪЦЦ֪İɣֻʼ⣬ڳſڵңò˶þ
˪Щģ˵ʱǻûе⣬Ҿͻص㡣
òʱĪ˵ȿȥŰɡ
ԼСġ˪˵תʹķߡ
糯Ͽ컹δºīʹӸ׼Žϳˣ˭֪һֻѾ̤˽ӣ۹˲ԶվŵĪƣºīһģֱӷüۼֿ˽ˡ
ˣû¶ɡһֺʵ
û¶û¶ºī˦Ū۵ĹӣĿ벻վڲԶĪƣŲʹȥ
´ˡûȳºīվȣĪȹػһ䡣
ôºī˵һΪһԶˡ
Īɫɹ˵ֻż·ǣƶѣȣûסľǳ´ˡ
ºīĪһۣŵĳһβͣ˻ʾ£ȻĪƴսʵȻ㶼֪ȵ䣿
Īҡҡͷ˵ûټˡ
ºīñӺһ˻ӣҲˣǸֻ֪ˡ
Īƻ³һ˵´ˣΪǵ³ģ
ºī·ϵ壬ͦͦ˵˭֪ЩʲôأǰͿʼǲɢͺЩҵ󱻳͢ɽգֻլӣ뿪ǡ
Īһ¡
ºīĵ˵ţϼؼҲòģֻǱԹȰ˵ʲôҪؼҵĹͣʲôҪĻգֻľΪ񡣡
Ī΢ͷ߬߬ȭͷ
Īơºī߶˰º󣬲žʧݣһ˵Ҳʶһ˳ԺҸϺȱΣ⸮ϵĶû̫࣬Ҳúܡ
Ī̧ºīЦЦ˵л´˺⣬ֻҪ·Ͳȥ۴˸ϵĲľˡ
ⷬóºīãǱˣһҪ糯ʹ˱
´ߡĪ˵
ºīصͷת˵Ĵӵ»˽ӣĪԭأۿųºīһԶ¶ЩмЦݡ
ºī˿̲֪˪ʱ͵ʹš
Īתͷյظĳ¸κѰ˪ȥˡ

ʮ Ľ

⣬˪͵ڳſˣеŲӣĪƴӳ߳վȽŲŸ첲Լ߽
ĪԼмԶʱ˪һ޲׸°˵ǧƱ㿴
ӹӣĪֻ浹Щ˵࣬Ȼ󽫲׻˪Ļ˵ʣµĹ㡣
˪Ųһ£ҡͷЦЦæתĪƵĽŲ
ºīְϢúܿҲԶڶҰЪŵʱɵС۴£ֱޣ˵Źٳ̰ī֮ͣЩʱա
Ī֧Ŷ䣬ЩıߺеĲ裬˵ºīתʹеĲ裬˪ļ˵ˣ·
ţ˪ûȥЩ˵ʲôǿԶɽ羰񣬿˿лʣ¶ĲˮĪ˵һûء
Ī˪
ɳɳɳɣ··˪εЦЦһڲˮ
û˪˿̿ĪҲĸ֣Ƽ
ϣ˻ӹǵʱҲѾʱڣӹѲٸһǻҶӣ΢ҡš
ĪվԺеʱζ޳ˣΪģΪԺ㲻ñ¶Ŀ޴ˡ
Ҫ˵ĪʱÿչȻֵһᣬȺϱӵĳһ㣬һֺã˵ҲЦܾԼȺȵİè۸ùǺ
ɻˡζԸսԺӵĪ˵⻰зԷθް⣬βϵǻ
Īһôǣȿˣ
ûСίҡͷǾҪٲعӾͻһԵ
ʲôˣĪʵû³ˮȵͷ˳ǰèĽűߴתת˳ء顱һ
һ¿ˮ
Уûٸ첲ûȡĪЦ
ȵͷ۽űߵİèϰԵתţһתͼĪվԺ΢Цš
˶ܿȺȻһ£Ī߹ȥŲ첻һǰס
ûʲô飬ֻһ˫۽ĪƲš
㻹ϵңĪһͷü˵˾䡣
ĪƣĿһε
ι㲻᲻ϵ˰ɡȼԼҲûʲôӦĪأֹ
ʱȴ΢΢һ£һĨ޵Ļȣת˲ŵ΢硣
Īƻδüϸ΢Уȱ̧ק½󣬽ȥȫȫĪ߻վŵˣ˵ĪվŶˣվ˭ȥں
Īһյ߳漴ڲµãܸģõĻӦ
ЩԵӡĪƵĴϣҵĲ嵴ĪƵĿڡ
һԵ˪Ϳˣ˭Ҳû뵽հȻĶĿתضǰĳ첻֪Ӧκˡ
ĪƻǹŶ˵ĸܣһֻ˰˰ڡ˪ȻæתԴΡ
߿ߡ˪קεڣС˵
ɵɵءһѾǧƿĿ⣬ſհ׵ԴĿİͰ͵˪ʵȥȥȥĶ
ȥĵط˪ɿ˵εĲӴߣţֻ˪ţ·λ̲סػͷһֵۣԴܿͱ˪š˻
Ϲ㵱۾˪šεĲ˹һԴ˵Ͳÿ鲼Դסϻȥ
ûϹſңҪˡצԺеԽԽԶֱƽ
úȻſĪƣֻԽյúܽĻڣĪ᲻뿪ֻۣ뽫һĨǳЦ̳㡣
ЩʱϦɽûͷ˿Ժ˺ܶ࣬żЩȤ
αԺʯֻ˲֪ʲôľͷһ԰׵ƶԺеʯ֮ϡ
˪죬߹ȥԵʯ߷λûзӦ
㣬ҲŻˣû취˪εԴһѡ
գһƨɵڵϣ˪ĴЦƨվſʯһߵһϹߺߡ
˪Ц˲Űݣεƨһţʵ㲻ỹ°ɣŵ˯ž
ηŰֱӣֲǵһײˣҾǾãá
ʲô˪һԵʯΰںá
죬ſʯϣ˵úĽĪơ
Ľ˪죬ĽʲôѲĽǸȵģ
ǡ˵ĽʣҲͦĽġ
ţ˪죬ʲôĽģ
̾ϹһȦȾŵīգ۾ĽĪţҲĽ㻹иţˣߵĶǣųţңһ뱻˰Ŷѡ
˭˵ģĪƲ֪ʱ˹ε˵
۾Īգգۡ
Ҽǵ˵ϣΪһͣŭݺ£ôôŮ鳤ˡĪƵ
ŭظţǷװһӱĪʶơ
ԼľĪƲȥ֡
ֻ˪Աɷ羰زһ䣺ŭƾ
һͦʯýָ˪Ͳܺ˵ǲǣ
Ī˪һۡ
˪ƲƲ죬ڰ˵ܣҾ͸ȥҰһƥ׼ھŽ񡣡
ĳһʱ̣뽫˪ԴҵгſڣøóҧҲһʱ̣ţԼҲӦ뿪ʱ
λкܳ·ҪߣҲʲôŵţҲǵһЩˣ¶ů
֪ǲĪһεĲ˲СĽѵڣʱʱҪĪƼۣǰԼ֮ڡ
ĪƸеЦҲȿɰҲļ˵ģҸ㱣֤Ҳˣٲٲ𡣡
˵Ĭһ˵ԺĲˣ־Ҫˣٲˡ
ָʸ졣
ĪƿĲЦЦֽд˼֣µĹѾ˽ȻǼ򵥵òټ򵥵ĻĪȴǰ׿ᡣ
ڿʷ񣿡
ʣ񡣡
񣿡
񡣡
Īתһ飬͵µĺһ㣬ֽϽдҷ񣿡
ȶס
˰ˡˣĪҡҡͷ˵Ҫȥϵֽ
ȴסЩֽƽһһд

ʮ 

ĪƲ֪ȶΪ֪ǷͳԷ˯һ򵥡
Ҫ򵥱ˡ
ĪƽֽСպãǲһֻзɵĲʵԸپκꡢѩ
Щ£ֺãĪƳվԺпʱҲʱվĪƵԣ
д˰֣ԺеЩʱ˲٣һ׶κһɣֻǽһʽʱǽ汾һԹ۽ȵľϣûңšĪƵļϡ
Īͷһ۽⣬°˵ÿúܣôһʲô
˪һֻ߽˻˵˵ʲôȱҪɱǻȭȣˣǻǻģһûС
ĪƼϵĽݺ˪һۣ˪ÿյ䳰ȷѾϰ˵ģú⣬˪ʲô˳ۣοȥǿࡣ
£˪ȴԼɵòļ߹ȥż˵㻹ǲǣ⼦ɱҿ
ֻԸ¾³һصļë
ζһˣջؽУ˵ߡ
˪мƲƲ졣
ĶŪļĪʱʵ
˪šһ¼ӣǼͣЦ͵ģ˰ɣ
ǵġηֹ
˪бһۣҲѲڵļڼμ˼۾˵ϱԡ˵մҡڵȥ
ԭÿҪðˡ
ĪһԡһʵĹϵʲôʱôˣ
תͷšüĪơ
ĪҡͷЦЦˣ͵ʲôû˵תͷȣ˵úȥߣҪȴק½ǡ
л˵˵
ôˣĪɫʵ
һ˵룬ǸҾӦˣһȥûҪֻȥԼӡ
˵úĪֻţá
㡭㶼һ𣿡μĪƽ˵꣬ƽص˵ͷ
ԼľĪ˵е˸ת˲㱻£˵ˣҪ㣬ҲһߵĲ𡣡
ƲƲ죬ͷýʾŵϵһлֱȴ֪ӦθĪ˵Խ׽ԽںˣֱԽݡ
˪ûֻһֱϣ÷ǳζ˾ˮ
ʱ˪ȺᶼȵԴȳԺ˪չˡ
͵ȵ룬ٿԼﱻ˪˼ļμˮ룬ҧſӾеί
԰˪βӣְһʷ۵һ鼦ƨɼεָӰ˵Ķ˵ĿɶǺö󲹡
б˪Լء
գ۾˿ԼĶĪƣȻ󽫼ȺͼֱиĪһȻԹԵ׳Է
Īһ£˪οҲһ£˪֧ŵԴͷԷ
Ŷʱ򵹸ͷſĶ
ĪЦȵĲȻⶼΡ̧ȵĪơ
Īҧһ⣬Ҹġ
οĶ̧ͷСĵһȣ˵ֻ˳Էû
˿æڼҧһڡ
һ˪ǶʼεһӶôóԵģſӾҪһ
ļ⽫뻤Լǰ¶㡣
һҴļ˪ȥ
ĪƿϷƵ֣ȻԷȣƺҲЩЦ⡣
εڶձˣߵʱҲֻĪǰѽ
ôˣٶʲôĪʵ
ξǰѽҿ˿˵ˣôŵĶˡ
ĪƵͷһ·Сġ
šεͷӦ
ɵҲֱСıƭˣܵҲϹܡ˪һ˵
֪ͷش
˪û⣬˵ʲôȥĿˣǡ
εͷӣûٴ𻰡
ǰѶϽһһֱšĪεļ˵
̧ͷǿԼһЩЦͷûȥĪƺ˪һۡ
Ҳǵ΢Цӿ˿˿ů⣬Щ˵˴֪
תȥʱҲûĪ˵ллҲлٺ˵֪ԼԶҲȰűԺӣҲЩԼЩĹ¡
˼պ˭ԺЩգǸ峿۹η궼ҪӰҲˡ
˵᲻˪ݸĪһʵ
ᡣĪҡҡͷ˵
˪һ˹˵غһھƣʵ˵᲻ǡ
ĪЦʲô䳰ȷ
ҡûСҶʱڶ˪˵
⻰Ҫܼ˵ɡĪƻžƺ˵
˵ˡ˪Цָ˴Ī˵Һ˵һϲ£Ҫ˾ˡ
ѩ
ǡ˪ͷϢҲǸ֪ٹ£Ҿܼҵֶˡ
¡ĪЦƺһ˪ģֶضǸͰѩһɰޡ
˪Цͬ´硣
Īƺϰ߰˵һЩдȿÿӹҪдܾãҲ񿴲öԼдǲǺ
Īд˾ſϣȻһĺ󱳣ĿĪдĶͣһ˻ָĶҪĪƽͣû±㲻оЩ
дǰѩ˱¶ĪƺȻӹ÷ɿ죬ݺԸ˶ޱӵİѩҪĸˡ
ļ̫ˣĪڵ飬֪ĪдµЩҲûʲôȤ۱鵽һߣḧĪƵĺ󱳡
ĪƱúֱЦֻè𣿡˵ȵĲӣҵèҲֻè챧ţҪԺҲ챧Ұɡ
ȵͷĪư뿪Ц̧һֻ첲סĪƣ°͵ͷ§š
Ī͵ЦܷɵԼȵϣȵţΨԸԼһݰġ
Īƴ˿ϣӿԹһ㣬Ϊкö໰˵̫ʱȶȹѾȵĺܶ飬µУٴˡ
ŰֽϣĪƵӡҲԽԽˣҲԭûбĨɷ
ڶճѵú磬˯ò̫̤ʵЩܣ컹ûۣһ
ĪƱĶŪ˼֣е߽ץһȵ֡
ȵͷ˯еĪƣɿ߬Լ֣ŻıУţȥԺ͸͸
èſſڣȳ˸Ľű߲䡣
ȽèԺеʯʯ£Ž׵ĻĸоϮֱ֣ͦһſʯ˯ˡ
ĪʱȻʯſţèſţҲڴ
ĪΪΣȡ˸һȵϣֹúõĴ齲˯ƫҪſôطҿɲ㡣
˯úܳ
Ī˯ЦЦָǻϵˣĪⱲӾֻһĪӹһʯΣţϵѹ
£ĪϱضҪдȿ

ʮһ 

˪ɽ⿳һӻõϸϸ˵ҪԼֶЩĶ
ⶫСϲ𣿡Ī˪ϸһСʵ
˪ٺٵЦϲҾֱϲΪֹ
̯ô˾ˡĪ˵
ˣ˪ָɵЦҶˣѩҪ˸СӣҾȥЩȭŹҪ˸ѾͷʶЩ֣顣
ĪЦЦ˪ӣҲٶ˵ʲôˣ˵ߣԼ˰ɣҴȥõط
Ī˵ĺõطʵԼӵݶ컹ûȫһӰѾ֣ǳɢɫԡ
յܴһɺŵĻ㣬Īһڣ˵ôķ羰ͦÿİɡ
΢΢̧ͷԶӳŵǹ⡣
ĪŤŤӣ˵ʵظԭݶҪܶ࣬ʱÿν㶼ѣºˣǰƭ˵յݸһơ
ȲϲȾƣֻǰѾƺ§˻
Īƴ磬泩һߺžƣһŲţһһŲţ첻˶٣ֱԼļȵļͣ
תͷĪơ
ĪװûһȾƣĻѾȫȥýҹɫǵÿ
Ĺ𴽽ǣſ첲סĪƣ紵ɵۣĦŷ΢ĸO@
ĪЦһھƣʹعһ£һΡ
գգ۾ø첲ĪƻøˣĪƵĶͷ
ĪƱ۾ϵЦŨûϴգľУ΢⣬ز֪˵ЩʲôͰƽЩĸ
ﷺᣬҲоƺһԣͷǹĪƵգ۽ǣӡڴϡ
Ī̧ͷķĻŨˣȵϢһ𣬻޽ġȴղܡ
УĪƺеľƺϻ£ԺॡһŵԺͷ󺹸Լֶණ˪һ飬ָ
˪ݶһۣʲôûأҡҡͷ

һʢĵʱڣգ
ȣ㿴Ҵʲô
Īƴ˳ؽøȿ﷭һɫĴ㣬ڴڵغš
һӣ˦˦մˮֻ֣һ۾ض㿪ˡ
ĪЦ˪Ӻ˪ɱɣ̫Ūס
Σû˴Ӧ
Īɻһ£ߣѾ˽޳ˣҲһֱֽʣֻī̫鷳Ī滻̼
˪ȥĶˣĪӹһֽд
˦ϵˮдȥСֶˡ
ȥ궬죬ѩһкװֵĺǿɰԺ˪ÿ¶ҪȥֶˣÿζҪһѳԵõġ
һУҲĪдţûʲôرݣЩźһЩ߶ֻмЩǣ͹
ĪƱҲŵģĺ޶ģҲͰˡ
ҺεžԽԽˣĪƾӦҵԼֵߵˣҪȥˡ
ðɡĪƿдĻ̾˿ӱֹ߱һ
ĪƵıӰһĪƷźתʱڷ
ĪЦЦ߹ȥǰһ֣дʲôء
ҡҡͷһõӷŵԼЩؽš
ĪһȵţҲһӽţдʲôأ˵˵
ԥһ£дЩʲô˪ˣ϶Цݡ
ӴˡĪƶ˪˵Сֶô
ء˪߹˵ղͳ˲٣ˣѩҸȴš
ҲȥĪ˵
ð˪ЦѩƻῪĵúܡ
ĪЦЦ˵Ҳţ㣬æɱ㡣
ʲôҺһˮġ˪˵žҪ¡
ĪưһҲˮȥȥ˵վ˪ߡ
Ȱ̾ŻûӡʵȸոдĶܼ򵥣ֻ֪ĪƵ֡
˵Ҳ֣ôˣȲûʹǸԼߵ˽ʲôΪͨǽֱдǸ˵ǰûбҪһƺ
ȴѪֻ֪Ϊ⼸ϣμһЩֵƬΣμһӿĴ죬ƺܽ˿μһͥԺԾڳأ縧ϸٶ龰벻ˡ
ţȥˣę̀͵Ӷ֪
ĪƴζʣԵЩţϵʱһֻŶӣһֻдŽյȿ
˪˵Сֶúܺú׳ʵѩʺţӣҲȥ㻹ǵðѩɣĪд
ȵͷſϣһְֻĪӡĪƽ°͵ϣغһ
ȿЦЦʰϵ̼дӺܵˣ
ܶˡĪд
¡ȼд
Īŵ۾ͷѵô顣
ôˣһ֪ʲôءҲſϣдּŤŤĪưűϳ
ʲô⡣Īֹ±ʵʱȴԥһȣȴֽд֣౱
ʵܹ˶꣬ҲĪжѣԶһĽᣬֽϵ౱ֲ̫İ޾
Īƽֵݸȿϸϸ۲ɫı仯ȿ֮ȴûһ˿Ĳֻһͷдסˡ
Ī֪ǶֶûзӦûǰ飬ҲòϣΪ౱ȵű֮ȥһʡ
ĪԳЦЦ
ûɵأͻȻθˣֱӴһȴץ˻
̿һֽдϵĪģ
Īסһ˲䶼ͣסˡ
ͷ
ΣĪƲŶչ̼ѹľκˣֽдô֪˵ģ
΢üͷ룬дҲ˵ֻȻֳģֶѣûбӡˣϵ
ĪЦˣۿЩ죬дϵã֪ܾˡ
һ£æд֪
Īҡҡͷд֪ġ
ȿֽƺĥĪƵ˼
ʵĪƻ°仰˵⻰ûдֽϣȵļ磬ҡҷڻů˵һ֪ĳһ죬Ҳġ
ٺϣ˯úܳ
֪⣬Ī˽̸ֽ޵һձǺ«ĺӡ
ȫꡪ