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ԤգԹ+ٹ⡷
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ԭľ飬塤ûйϵ
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2.Ǹˣǣŷңǳ
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İ2020.08.24ٴνͼϴ
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ⲻͨĸӣǷϵĻʺ󣨹ͷ


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衳һЦƿıӣȸ˿ڡ
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Ϊ乬Ĵ̫̫࣬øԶֻҪһӾͺãͼԼи·շһѡ
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ǸˣǣԱ߸ܰɡ
ȡ֮ܶǰǼݳٶȡ


8¡ 뵱ȥҲͲô
ѵüݳһΣֵ˹˵СӸ⼤ӲǼԦţɿ챼ܣ˦·
ҡҡλΣεǲΣǸоеۻҡ
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9¡ 
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ǣ±塣ػһ䡣
ϻʵɫԻȻ̫Լǰȥ嫡
ʱҴææߵʱҲԼ뼾顣
Сӷ߷߲ƽСţҲ̫ƫЩ
ӾʹڶӾƶ¼Ŷ乬
ˮʹ򷢴뿪һһ͡
ƫ֮޿ɱ⣬ֻҪԺ󣬶ҹؼҪԼȰο
СӸпѣƲЩܹġ
ֻЦԣԺõġ
Ʋ
Ҫ˵ĩ۵ùɣȷʵͦù
Ҫ˵ûм˵Ҳʵ
С˵ĩȷʵ̫ƣϳʹֻƶ߾סȷʵһʱ
֮ϻʵ۾Ҫز
ٵȰ꣬Ҳˣûκá
ǣΪ۵Ļӣټϻ۵ĵܵܣյܼĩ۱ϳʹҲ˴ӹط̡
Ҫ˵δͦġ
Ҳֻ㵽ԼҪ;Կѡ
ȥԺ󣬼衵һʱȥ˶ӡ
ͷˣһĳЪ˸ߴ
һ߷ҩµĳɹݸʹ˯ϣЧԣҲ޶ԡ
̫֮ҽҲ鲻
̲סһ䣬¶棬ô֪Щ
ĬƬ̣ѧ
ǰ
רϵģҹù빬ΪȻ󹬶ʧˡ
ʧܣ빬¾Ͳˡ
赭дȻһȫ˽ȥ
ǹٳϵĴѹǻʵ۵ĲϲȻ䱻ңѳͨеż
ֻʣһñͱ˳ȥֻȥתת䵽̷˾ʹ
ԭҲֻţӲдȻ
ֻǻǱݣǻʺҪڣԼﳯͨе鱩¶
ϾƽĹҲͰˣǣֻ˵ʺ̫ĺ
㣿衺Ȼ޻˵
̾ӷģҲᱩ¶Լݡ
˵£ҲֻΪ
ɻǣԼļˣ衵˵һ֪ĸ׵ľ¡
ҡҡͷ
ѹȴˡ
ҪúûţͲףԼҲǿż衱ӡ
ҲˣһɳƵŮȻ
ûô߽ġ
ӭż衵Ŀ⣬ؽܵҲ乬ˣǰǻʺ󡣡
ֻݣһ߶ţû֪
ŮЩĮǷϺ󡣡
һ˼鿴ȥ
ԭôһιţ
ϸ룬ϻʵʮ࣬ʺʮǻʺʮĽϻʵʱҲʮˣһֱ
긾˵ĳţһľãĨ̻ңסԭݣҲЩָ׵ĺۼ
һʼûܻͷϹŮһǻҪһЩϾϹŮҲһûС
ôƺ衰ӣ¡
ǣǷûо˵ֻЩп
һζȥĻʹûм֪Ĵڡ
ұϵʱץסᣬһҹ֮Ͳأű½乬Ա㣬ɵڶȥˡǷ˱˱ۣƺʱʹ࣬ʣµĻӹˡ
ĶӣҲûܱ
ЦЦ磬Ҳǹ㣬ֻǷݱȽ⣬ǰ͹㣬ݻܹһѡ
ǷȻˣҲǰٹٹݡصԭ䡣
΢
С˵ûٽسò绪Ƕׯ׼Ϊȫ߸Ľָ
űһĻʺڰָ㡣
Ҫأʵ
ҪʺǷһһ٣ڹʶһЩˣҿ԰㡣
ʵ̫ŵϾȷʵһģŹͬĵˡ
ֻλδĸȻţȷʵź
Լ˵á
ǽ״ɡ
ЪһգֽȥɢŸˡ
Ц˼衳ţȷԶ󣬼صɫȻһߵСӣʵô˵
Щ꣬ǻࣿ
ʵҪԻʺ̫ӵİΪʲôҪ£б£һʼͱ
ɫҲÿʵ۳衵Ǽ䡣
¶ԶӺ䲻
˵Լҩģأ㿴ţҳȥһˡ
ǿͷСĵ㡣
ҵһ̫ϣȺС
Ȼ̫İ£뿪乬
ʵ۲أһ˥ģҪûЩҩ
ﴧŵģһŸȵ衣
ŨսŲЧȴǸΪ󼤷Чöպûˣ̫ҽ飬Ҳ鲻¡
߳ͻûʵ۲£Ҳ壬ֻǻһЩѡ
ҲҪðս͵ʵߣֻҪ΢ע£̷ʵ۵̫¶ɡ
ѡĿ꣬αװɹŵС̫࣬һ˴Ҵײ
ԲסʵڶԲסѸٵǸ
С̫ԭˣɿ˰ңϸ׹ŵʯʱת˸䣬Ͱҡ
⣿ң̲סһ
ʲô⣡ҿ鷿źıµġС̫һѣȲ˹ԼĶﳤȥ
Աߵ̲סֻҪ㲻СģôʯҲ׹ϡ
һתۣȴڱ۸ѾӰ
ŸתͷҲȥ̫Ҫ˸Ȼдһȥ鷿
칫Щ쿴һۣûϵֻӣ⼸岻ʣҪ
澲ǲԸ
֮⣬Ҳż̬ĺãֻЦһɺڼһֻƺҲ֪Լݲ飬һ
ɺڼУ칫Ŀⶨھƺϡ
ƺ׸µģ衵Ҳ̫鷳ֻҪƺóϣȱʱҵֱáװҲɣʢһЩˮҲ
⵹ǲѡ
칫ɫТģȻǺõġ
Ǿͬˡ
Ҳͣ鷿ĴһȻȥ
ȼߺ칫΢һֱžƺ˽ȥ
Ȼϻʵһˣ
칫΢Ц˵ǣǶӷϣ˵¡ūһȷʵá
ĵ֦ĿʽҲȷʵϻʵϲͣҲǲ
ϻʵɫԻˣǾϰɡ
ܹϻʵ۵ķӦ鲻ġһǦľƺ
Լ֣ȷЩǦܿ͸еľ
лȥţ֪˹ŴǦжжƵ
ʿ֬ۺǦӸУΪ˼ӿЧʣûǿڷĻжЧá
衶ŸӵȣٹҪˡ
ǦжϾòϻʵҪԶˡ
ͷ
·ڻӦ衵Ļ
ո˵㻵£ڸ˷ܣȥ侲侲ȹһٻ乬
󸽽ûˡ
˭̫Ӳˮ¸ɴ౻ʵۻʺ˸һС̫Ҳ˰˰ӣʣ¼ֵࡣ
衴磬򿪸
̽Դڼ衵ĸ첲΢һͣ٣Ȼա
һߣںͤڲ࣬ź
ϦһĨͣþҪˡ
衿ʯϣǡõסӰ
ķ羰һţԶ衿һϤӰ
ϸһǰֻ̫
侲ߵ˺ߣںеϺۼ
ΪԼܹס衣ֻϻʵ۵ǶӵףļԸⱨԸɴһΡ
ѾԼҺɣģص㡣
˵ȥǴӵʣµϡ
Ͼ͢Ҳв̫ҽһһܸζ乬Լʧء
뵽衣ϲɶһĨǳЦеϴ˸ᣬЩʯ飬ȫӽ˺ˮС
ڸʲô衷Ų߹վ󣬺ʵ
Ϥץ飬İһӿͷ
һΣֱǰˮС
ȵȣ͵֣һץ
ȴֻץ
ݡ
һֱӳ˳
ͨ
ˮУǺ˼ˮѸٻĨһתŰϵˡ
ûˣ·ҲЩɿ壬ʪ͸ˡ
ΣãȻ
ӷɵߴڸЩʲô
Ǳ߸ʲôأ޴ĶһԵ̫ŭȣĸ۵ġ
̫ӲŴˮٳˡ
˵һ룬̫ע⵽ǶӣԭŭȻֹ
ˣϵǶӣˮ˭
ŵģɣ
̫ͷɻһðӲһ仰ҶʣֻЦЦ
һС̫̽ͷ̽ԣСתƹ
ˮһ
˼ҵ
һȺС̫࣬Ĭ
룬žĸоɡ


10¡ Բ
ֻҪԼΣεľǱˡĬĬ仰ޱ顣
̫ӣѸٹ¸ӿͷͷ󺹣ūߵӣūһʱȳϴˣţš
Լ˵ȥˡ
룬زˣﲻ
ײС̫࣬С̫ӣᱻɣ
С̫˭ΪʲôҪô󶯾
ô˲ͺ
̫Թ˰һۣʶȤ
룬ڰϣһط죬ȥˡ
ԸܱҲԸѸٳס
óܵͬ顢塢ʹԼ񣬸оԼ⡣
衽ݸǿ򾲣̫࣬ҪϹϢ
̫ƴͷǣūſ϶һֶ˵
һԵС̫Ƿ׷׵ͷʼġ
衣
ޱ˵Ǹֲ
ĬĬϵһ仰û˵
ֻңҿɫӦû˿Լ
ԽԽڣЩˣ˳Ǹһţ
̫ܵ÷ɿ죬˭֪Ϣ
һ㶼뱻빬ʷ
С̫㣬Ǹȿڵ̫౻˳
˷׷Ȱ
㶼ˣͶӻ乬ҲҪ
֮⣬Ƿסˣͱˡ
ǰǴһǮҩ
̫׼
̫Ҫ޳컹Լû쵱ֵΪ̫ӱӣ쵱ֵײ˶ӡ
Ҫ衽ֵݳȥ
̾һס衵֣Сѡ
С̫ߵɢɢһʼڵǸԳСʯӣȥţˣˡ
Ҳת
ȴԴϸŰ
һѽץ֪֪ʲôӣ
ӲıQ£ܲɴɼ衰ס
һԵİ״ڸӲӸȻһ£¶һĨǳǳЦݡ
пʼɱ
һͷ˽衻
ˡ
𣿡һ߰ӣһѯʵ
ˡ紵̲ס˸
Լ׸ϣѵеǸ⣬Բסȥ˸㰾
˿ӣԼĶԼСġ
ֻû뵽ѵ֤ݣרӦòڵʱҲײ
֮£ˮ
֪ӿ죬治ϣԼµʱ򱻼衷֡
ԼԭʰʲôֻŴϽȥ
衼̫СʯԶԶվţʱ㻹
СʯֺЦЦ⻹Ǽվһ˵ȥ˶ӣȻ˾һ㡣
ֻǸͶվһС̫̫Ϥƺû
乬ӹȥһӣٴξ棬±⴫
СʯӾȿǸԼĪӣæͷ
û뵽ôһˣȻǮ
ͽ˸ڵӣ˶˽ֹ̫š
Ҳû
衲Ǹûã˼ҵ
ӣӣ̫󺰣²ˣ칫
̫వĽѣôеĺرµĲطǳء
òҪ
衸ŶͷѸ·߳
ͼҲͱѣѾѡ
˵ӣҲûзţôҲϻʵ۵ŮʱӦ
ֹ̫ӷּ⻹ûʽǧҪѹˡ
ǰһ漾衿ۿӣƽͺãλлûжһ
ʵڲУλƽ
Ҳһٻ󣿡գգۣС
Ķ˶٣ҲЩǳЩС⣬Ҳܹӡ
󲻶ֻ࣬ϣߵ˰ȫͺá
̫ͷһû־
߷룬޲ɱҵηأѾҪүˣôܲʵԼĵλ
ãң°ָ⣬æˣǾһ
˵仰ʱޱ档
ѵûдˣֻǲ˼ԼҲųĿԡ
ƻʹͲˣ
̫׼СӼݳ
һһʥҲһΨһһˡ
źԼûô棬ֻôҪĺô
衰οġ
һо֮С
бҲԿơ
Ǭ幬⣬Ѿ
ֳſףĿתˡ
ȵݣ̫࿪ʼӺʹ
ػһ£ԭǴ
Ǭ幬ˣߵһڴ󳼣Ϊ׵һλɫұǻʺɫЩ԰׵̫ӣԼһ̫ӵļ檡
Ŀбӣżشˣϻʵ۵ķȻĬĬվ
Ǭ幬ƻͨΧӳ졣
ֻɫװγȥ˲٣ݻİڼƺҲһҰ֮⣬
ʺԭڲߣӸϻʵ۲˵Ϊ׵ةһۣة࣬˵Ҫȶǹˡ
ة࿴ɴ۾
ܹĻʺζԴŮǱ²أӺʹΪӣͱŻʵ۵һ̣
˵Ӱݼ֮󣬱±岻ʡʺة಻Ӳ磬ɴཫŭ׼˼衡
嫿ż衣ĿҲǼɵ
ϳʹˣȻҲˡ
Ҫ˦ϻʵ۵Ƶͷϣ
ɲҽӡ
ƽϧµʱϢδܼңǻʺͣÿնȥźҩ
֮˭п⣿
ӱ´أ˭֪ûͨЩ̫๬Ůʺɴ˺
ҺͶҪǾ乬ͣǶԲʺƹܹǶʮı£ҺͶҪͨǬ幬̫๬ŮҲ֪ʺг˼
ʺɫһ䣬㡭
̫ҽ֪²Σ衺Ȼ廰⣬ɷŵϢ
ΪˡűϢʺ޺ޱ졣
衣мأǳ׼סˣ
̫ҽԺԺͷ󣬺Χ̫ҽ
ʵûʲô˵ģ󣬲ǽ죬Ҳʱˡ
Ȼ⻰ֱ˵
˺üӣԼĻʾʾץʱ䡣
̫ҽȥľƺһʺҵԩ˶ӡ
غһʼ衣ұ¶κζı飬¸ҡ
ֻζϽƣϣϻʵȥ
Ǧ㱾ͲױԱʵ飬ʱʹþƺܷһЩߡ
ȷʵû뵽Ǧжϻʵɱôǿ
Ҳԭ岻õԵʡ
Уǰ칫Ȼʺﲻţͷ̫ҽеһ飬Ҳԩ˻ʺ󡣡
칫ۣʺȻѸջ
Ǹϻʵʮ꣬ҲǾԵ͡
ʺ˵ԶӣЩҲڱĲ
һץҪ˵ʲô˵˻
ةĴ˼һۡ
͵͵һۼء
ӺʹЩϡ
ǻµĻϣ乬ܹġ
ة̲סһ̫ӣĬĬ̾һ
̫ҽԺԺûչЩ˵ü۹˾
̫ҽԺԺҽߵˣµλҲԵ޹ʱΪ˾Ľжһס
ΪԷ⣬ʺԼĸ˹Ǭ幬ԭˣý˰ҵӹһ١
ԼԽӴ̫ҽԺԺó룬˸飬óۣǬ幬һ
ʺһ˵һ䣬ϣŵ档
˵衸뿪ڡ
˵Ҳ̫ӣץס˹ؼѵôһأܣðλÿ
׵ĵһλãģ
ֻһʼѡվҲ࣬ԼļվһҪ衾Ӧó


11¡ ǻʺǹ
衳ż嫣һ̫ӵ˵ǡ
þãֻҪӵס
ڼϣԻɵǾԻѼ嫸ɸӡ
ŭɻȥһ乬Ĺ̫ӣ
ЦŵĲ´ЬģŲŻʺ̫Ӹ˺
ةֱûۿ̫ʱ͹ƽϣ˻ɣǺǺȤ
ĹԱǵѵοһ㡣
ȻӲ̫Ҳ̫
Ͼ̫ӲδĻʵۡ
ܵʼѹһͷô£
̫ӵ£ڹԱ棬һʮɫٷǰһһ
ةวźֶʱӲü룬۵졣
ѹǣˣС˵ܽˣ
侴֣ǣɥ䰧ϡ[1]̫Ϊ̼ްɫҲ޾⣬֣ʵʥԣи
ʺ󲻵ò廰Բ̫Ҳǡ
ٴεٹ£󹬲ò
һ仰Ͱѻʺһ֧ȥ
ͷһ£ٴҲ֪ǣ
ˣʳ˵־Ͱ˺ǡ
ʤΪʷ̨ʷةʤȻ㶼̫棬ʷ̨Ϊټְͣ𡣡
ة಻òǰһΪϳճӣǡֵأǰ
һ˵ةһ߸ʤɫ
ѶӽйǴ̫ǰģǽ˵ġ
ʤֻûԭһ̫ӱֳˣоһ롣
嫾ةһ棬е۾ʣ̫ҽҲڣýǹơ
ةࣺ
ʤѾʼ˼Ҫǹˡ
衿ʤͼ嫻ة಻òԲ泩˲١
С˵ĩ챻ʤҲһݴ
˶ûзԣΪԼһ顣
ʤҪٿڣȴ̫ҽԺԺϲ£ˣ
ϻʵۡ
乬̫š
ȻȥǬ幬϶ҲҪغ乬Ҫ߶⡣
Ȼһȡ
ѵţôʲôһֱȵ󣿡
̫ƤһҪΣ
ûǣǱ̷˾ӡ
ֻǲ֪ΪΣƻ˶ӣҲսߡ
۶ʲôǶþæǡɫǺ貣ǳʱ
ȥѹ»ˣһЩСҡ
»ҪʼҸּ롢ᡢʳһ£ܻʼʳ˲ᣬϴξ⡣
ڹ»¸ʼӶ࣬Թ»°칫ĵطڻʹһҲ˲㡣
ŭ⻹Сң
Ǵʹ˶ᱻ
ʱڣ乬ƧżĲκ
̫༱æɨһΧ
ǼС̫ԶţеóֵģҲǰĸ
ˣ֪»ж֣̫ѹΪ˼顣
ڵ󵨣»¶롣
»ƷݼûʸĴ
֪һ֪ǱߵĵΡ
Ϊһλ̷˾ˣټݳڣȥܶط࣬ŵλ塣
ΪʲôҪ
̫ӺͻʺҪ֤ݣôʱ̫Ļضʲô£˭ʶ
̫ɾ̫񣬵Լ֪ΪʲôԽԽĶҪ㱻ץˡ
תͷͰȫɣ
ģ˵˲٣һ
衺Լãǻһ
뼾ʶΪˣ֮ҡ
Ҳرʱ

̫һ棬ɺۣҧУߡ
Ǭ幬ԭ˲ɢΣΪ׵ةǰһͻʺһվϻʵࡣ
̫ҽԺԺϻʵ۵￩һӣȻˣȴǵ˻عⷵյʱ˵仰˾Ͳˡ
ϻʵ˫۶ûȫǰˣ˵תһȦ
ة˲棬¡
۹ȥжٵĲǾ֮ôʶʮꡣ
ة࣬ʺ͸滨꣬£ǧ¡
ϻʵ۾˻ʺһۣأҶǰ
һļһ㶣˿һۣȷûòǰ
ʺһӾͣˡ
ϻʵ۶϶Щ˼룬Ψ»ûжһλ
Ȼ˲ԤС
ϻʵˣ
Ȼϻʵ۵μҶĵӻδ䣬μҵӵҲǻʺˣǺʡ
̣ûһ߹ȥ
ʲô˲ãҪʺϹϵμܳõģžϡ棡
ǿ¶һϲЦݣʵ˵ʲô
ǰһ漾貹õ֪µ飬ʵѹ˵
С˵һֱûж»£ͱͳȥˣعʹɱķ
˭ûϵϻʵǰôһС˵ԭľȫûе顣
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뿪㣬㶩ףɥż
ʺҲһǿֶӣôһ乬Ĺ
ͼǸӣ˵Ĺ£
ҪˣʺҲҸϻʵһͼּڸǹȥֻϧʮλվţʺֻǿЦŵҴֶּ·ġ
ȼؼ޹ȥˣֶʮ˸С檣Ȼί
˵Щϻʵۻ֣Ҫȥ嫶
ۿ죬ְܵУʡ
ϻʵۿة࣬ս֣̲ס֣ʶʮ꣬һֻҶԳþƣ䵱պĸ޶Ҷӡ
嫵ε
ϻʵǰҲ
Ȼ̫ЩϲةŶľ֮壬ҲӦ·ģ¡
ةڶҲ
Ψʤһ
ޣة׵ŲҪֵ̫ܡ
鷿ű죬칫С̫Ļɫѿǰһ˵㱨£»ˮˣЩأĹѾȥȻ𡣡
ˮˣҲʧˡ
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ԣϻʵЩʧؿ˻ʺһۡ
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̾һ嫶ȥʰɡ
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ةƤ鴤ʱˣʵۻҪƫ̻μң
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ټǷΪʮ꣬ͶǬ幬ޱϤȸŰæͨˣѰҼ϶͵͵˹ֻΪ¶һ˲
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*
лҪ˵
ע
[1]侴֣ǣɥ䰧ϡѡԡТ
ԭС˵Ů¹ϵȫǴ/Ů


12¡ݱ ּ
ةҿԺüʤ칫һȥ濴ʲôʱ˷ˡ
칫˲Ų鲻Ըʤ߳Ǭ幬
Ҳųţһʹ»µ顣
ϻʵ۵ɫͲ̫ãʱԲ԰ף˼衡
£Ҳ¶˼
Ҷϻʵ۶϶ΪԺܺúùԴֳТĸ
½̻塣衴治ɫ
ʺĹһۡ
£ʺ涣ڴ齱ߣסϻʵۿ衵ߡ
ϻʵ۵΢֮䣬г˻ʺĹ
μҹεޣ
衺Ȼʵ̫ҽٿ
ô˻ᣬϻʵ۽Ļ
ϻʵ״̬ⲻã̫ҽԺԺٴǰѸʩ롣
ɲŽӴźҡҡͷ˵ǽߣûж˵
ԣҲö˵ˡ
źȻˣվԶЩҲͱ˵˵
ةһڴվ˺üҪſڣ׿أλϻʵһ̡
ҲվԶһЩ
̫ӵļǲö˵̫´ҴҳǬ幬ʼλΣϾæµ
ʺҲᣬ̫أȥ̫ӻ
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ŵǬ幬齱ߣֻʣ»ʺԼ衡
ĹվڽȴǵķԸ
ǹҶԲ㣬ϻʵݺᣬԽ΢ˡ
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֮ǰµľ飬衰ʺʱ˳֡
ԴɫĴڵϣʵɴģߡһߵĹԱֻܿʺϻʵ۴ߣ̲סƺѹ
ӣס˻ʺƴ
Ͼ˭Ҳϲ֮ͥ£˸Ұһʺ
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һýŵסʺ·ߣûʺƶһߵ·ģԻᰴձµʥּ¡
ٹοͷ
İԼ塣
衵ϻʵۺͻʺ棬ĦŴ˴ӣȻɫʥּ
ʺɴۣô֪
滹һӲ΢Ųϸһ룿кüСӡ£ȫϻʵõӡ¡
ʺɱ˼衵Ķˡ
衵ȻǿԼжϡ
ϻʵżһ۹ӣٿŻʺһֱϻʵ۴齱ߣС˵̫Ҳûȥ鷿Ѳʥּһʺ˵ʥֻּһݣʥּпܾͲǬ幬пܾڻʺߡ
˵ʵһ䣬С˵Ķġ
ʣµݣȫʺȥȡ
ʺҧ̲ס˴Ժһ飬칫ҪͶӣ̫ӵļ檱ѣߵĹ⣿
̯ʥּּԥһĲˮ㵹ȥһ䣬Ȳ裬΢һ̫˻
ּʱͿˡ
أءʺƴ
ǿ嫶ǻõʥּ
ةవģȻ֮ǰӿȥЩ񵽻ϻʵ۵ּ⣬ԻʺҲ𾴡
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ֲǷҪӶԻʺĸֻҪϹȥͳɣʱʼһǲܸʲô
£Ҹһͷô˵ţʵ顣
ǻٵʥּȻһ´СЩϧ
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ΧѸٻָԭ״Ĩƽϻʵ۵۾⿪˻ʺϵӣһ߾££ôˣ
Ƿ׷׹£Ŵ齵ķͷ
칫Ǭ幬ߡ
ةŰٹٻ¡
Ѹס·
ץŻʺֲҶͳʺӣŻʺԼһѣٴεʲô
ʮ־ʧ룬ķʲôһ㡣
˳ڵϣڻʺߺ޵У衿ӣȥ
ʺ˵ػ̲סУ衣ˣˣֱı棡
衸˻ʺһԴЦݣȻѸٱĿװ
ةɫһ䣬̧ͷʱͿ衻ȥʺ󻹱˵ơ
ةൽʹˣҪվһѸٳ齴ȥ
칫ɫࡣ
ֻһƬǽ塣
豭㵹ʥּڵϣһǡ
Ǽء
ǰ棬һƿᣣŭΣʺȻƵҸ磬Ҹʲôǲûɱˣ
ʺǿԼײȥģƵģ
ǲ˲ĬĬ˺üѡͻʺ󱣳־룬ŻʺĿʵ
Сص󣬼ͷһݡ
˵ۿҸ磡˵ЩС衣žžવΪ׵ة࣬үһҸ硣
ոհ˱ñڣֱ˺ʥּʺ󱻹ŮʱҲװʲôˣ¶˻ʺ棬ĸҿͼ衶乬˽ΪԱڴˣة๫ϣϲȺݺ
ԼӣͼҳĺۼȴʲôӡҲûС
ЦʺվźúõģҸȴԲѡŭĿӡ
칫ȴͷˣƶһѣҿɶƼˣҲҪ
ԺҪΪϻʵ꣬ʵʵ˵νˡ
嫿ˣߵʺߣּЩãȻ
ȿʵĸҲŻôˣ
ʺŭ嫶Щ˽衺ͼظ£
̫ӵ£򲻿ɣةȰǰŽ˱ƴ㣬ο²죬¸ע
ϻʵ쵱գ̫ӾͰʣµĵܵͽҪôʹô̫ӣ
ЩɣةΪΣ
ʺҲ΢ȥةôôƫĶӣ
ةһǻҵȣټٹ٣ͬѯ¡
ʮλ˭ȿڡ
ةͷһۣɴԼݻ֪кθ߼
пߵɣ»ǵ˵
תתһȦվĩһ֣ةǰٹ֮ףԵӡ
վ˭ɵӣƤ򣬸൱רҵ
ةֻܻ̫֮ҽôȸӿ֮ô˵
ȻةСʥּϧпˮǸոȥģīɫڳһţݶƲˣֻģ̫ӡʺ󡱵
̫ӵĵǻگ飡ʺŭ壬̫ǱӣǷ˲Żȥʥּ
뵽ĶڵѪ
û˵ǻگ飬ʮ󳼿Ը֤Ҳٻһ䴫ţƾʹôг
ЩָҰʷܲ⡣
ֺڣôûѼ衸乬
ﵹǡز޿ڡ
ȣ̫ҽԺԺʩ£תѣǿأôܹûңԼСˤˡ
ոһȥۡ
ż衵Ѿͬ飬δʾ֧֣ȴվ˹
Ϊٹ֮ףة಻òվѯʼ衵׷ʲô
Ϊǰ˵ҪͻʺԵҵʱʺƼʥּȻɫҶ˵Ĳˮʥּʧɱڡ
ʺȻһ
ˣľȫ衣
óӲ亹
ɫѿ
衺ͼվһ࣬صг裬ǼǽĵĵĮ
Ҫ棬Ӧġ
ǡڴʱΧѲһȦʤǡЩڵĪǱ᲻һ·ϣʺͬУ
衶ʱʵ⣬ôأһߺͻʺôѳᡣ
ʤѸٽŵԽǸԽҪһ𡣡
ةһԼһѣԼ˹ȥ
ӣϣ

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лҪ˵
ףҶڿ֣



13¡ѡ˭ ֵֻľʦ̫
ˣةιȥˣһԵĹŮŵ
ԱߵĴҲѸٴ֣ة࣬ôˤڵϡ
̫ҽԺԺæ롣
ЩźةҲε̫ˡ
ûϵ΢΢̾ƺѹﲻˣصҲ벻ʺλĸף᲻
һԵĴ̲סǻ̫ӵҲѼӹ࣬δһ֮ô벻һλ棿
ʺˣ¸֪СӡԷһһӡǱ͵ˡ
衹֣Ҳ˵ˣµֻ¸֪ҼȲ֪жٷӡ֪ЩλãΪһʺ󣬱˱µһӡǣرҲ̫ƽϣαؽҲң
ʤ̧ܣʺô֤һʼﻹмСӡô֤ˣһǻʺ󡭡
Ѿιȥة಻òۣʤһѣʣµĻɹ˻ȥ
嫻̻Ȼܣ˫ִһʣоԼ˵ʲôǴ
£߰ɡʺһɴҲ˹ȥ
ĸĸ󣬡嫶ʱˡ
ʺ͹ȣͻʺȥ衻ʾػ
Ѹٽ̫ҽȻԲŻʺΣȻŭ衣ڲԣˣ
ȼ衿ڣһԵ˾ҿԼ˻ߣϸʹɫ
Ȼܶ೯ԽԽ΢̲ס˼ѡ뼾嫸Զλվ
һڴһΣҺ̫Ȼ˸һˣҲˣˡ
衵ͷƺѹȻˣұȥﰭۡ
Ųϻʵ顣
˲òԲһ죬ҲȻȥЪϢ
ϻʵôǰ˵˷ΪҲӦøĿˡ
칫ż衣ɫӣ׽˼С̫ͼһˡ
ϣؿż衣۾
꣬ʾȱ𿪿ڡ
СĸǽжȻȥ˵
乬ǰ衺ͼС̫䣬˽ȥ
ʱҹɫڽɢٹñǳ
»£ͥԺҡҷ
һֻɶ裬Զֻżһ
Ȳ˻ǸӣӶųһ˽˼衵Ļ
ˣ衱ŸӣһѸӵİڷ
һЩشĲǸӣˡ
̧ͷֻһ˫ȫӡӰ汥С
ǴǳһӴƣ롣
衲֪ɿ˱Ÿӵ֣ߵߣָ⣬е
ǳǳЦһ£ڵ㣬һ˵硣
Ӳòһ³ȷԼˤڵϣͷһʼˣ̲סըë
أ
ΪʲôȻͰˣ
ϧûκкݼ·ˡ
ˣǶˡһѽ̲סߣһѡ
һѡ
衳°ͣ˵ˮˡ
Ҳ˵ˣãǡݻ𡣡
شЩϣ衲òȥ
衺Ͱӡ
ͬɢʱļ˫ƺҪʿǰˡ
ЩɻЩãȻ
Ǽס۾
ûоܾ˳ӱۡ

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Ȼ޼Ҳܲ
̲ס룬պµ˾ˮƽ˿ûзſװץ
Ȼ󡪡
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衷֣ݸֿ̫Ҳ̲סҪرһֻԼ˶㣬ǰ´ή
ֻװûЩۼɿס˫۵֣ӿϣȳȥ
̫Ѹٸźżϴ۰Ͱ
λˣ衼һսչܿǾͿԳ
ؼҲǡ
̫۾һūţ
ߣһų衵ҲѶʰһ£һ顣
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ǻʺܲܣ̫˲伤
ҡҡͷǿ϶ˡȥĸӻѳģҲûһʺ󡣵ȻͷǲѪǿ϶С
ԺҾĹˣҲ˷ܡ
Ļˣü
ЦһȲżμ˼Ҳ񣬷ӻʼҡ
ɲĿȥһΣǲС
̫˹ϹԼָСģҲá
ѾϨɫ̫ϧ¹ԡ
սһ䡣
һת˰磬֪˭ôĬȻ뵽˻պ£ʱͻʺǼϵǾͳ˻ʺҪ֤ݣʵ۶Իʺ̫ʧҪ̫ЮμҪʺѳᡣ
ذҧԴӰ֮þ͵ÿվ
ȵ֮ĵλͼ½
һ顣
˭Ǹ
غͰҲ֪Ϊʲôһֱ࿴˳ۣսӡ
ؽλݻӢ۴컨׹ﵯá
ؼλͶ統ԳΪֿ֪˭ҲȲϡ磬˵԰ɣ
̲סͣˣ˼衣ȴĻӦ
Ȼ֪˾ԼӦò֪Ҳ⾯̫࣬ҽ
Ǽ衸صǺһ乬ݻ
ʵʵڵãλ֪֪Ҫ
衣
սȻһ䣬ڲսƺˡ
һͷʢװӵĸӣߣһĸëԳԳԣ֪ԣͲ֪ȥתת⼸˶˶
ӷŭؽ˺üҪȼһֱס˳򣬡
޹ģ
šѡ˭һ⣬Ҳͬ⡣
ةȰ£ҪǻµּݲǾͱöӺͳһھοʱڳҪ
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֤أةʵͷ۲ѣΪλҪƶһѣʵݡ
ʺеûԼȥģҪǱһ乬н죿ѲڻҪͷɣ
ةסˣɴһ֣ǻʺɡ
Ѹסة䣬ة࣬Ȼ㡣ֻǻʺĸףôۼĸ£
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嫴ͷɥǾ鷳ةˣĽֻҪܱĸһҶܽܡ
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ةҲһʱ䣬Ǹ򾲡
ªͲةˡ»һ׵ѡ
ة
ةҲӣɴ˵ǰΪ̫Ѿʰ˿筽ֵۡվͿ԰ȥ⻹ʹͶׯĸũٻĶʮͷЩЩ乬ﳣ̫๬Ůһߡ
صĻ¡
ةҡͷǰģɸġ
ȻЦة࣬ʺҪôأ
ة࿴˼һۣڣʺۼʥּдҪŴӣǲʥּ˶һѣڷ
ˣة໹ϲ˵̫ӵպصƴãȻõӦүȵȡ
Ȥζ˵ˣ
ةüһ
ºͻʺһ᲻ûʺҲӦ֮壬衵ֻ̫᲻ûʺ󣬻ʺҲŲ¶ӡҵ˵ֵǲʺȥУҲº̫һͬȫꡣ
ͲףҲ㣬רŵľз֮أȻҲࡣ
ةһ󷢺ӴԺԲλжԶͶԶ
˱ۣǴӦ
衸пԺû̫ֵֻľʦ̫ˡ
ҲҲû̫ѹǵͷˡ



14¡ ѹֶĳû
˫һº뼾衳ּøһЩ
̫Цۣ죬ѶʰЩ͵ɲܴˡ
һָʰ㰲ţҪʮĵѾԤδĵ
ԱߵǼᣬ֣ɸѡҪˡ
һ£ֻܱŸӸιġ
ǲˣ衵˵߸ӣܸоеѹ֡
һڣӶʱɵһߣ衱ˡ
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Ҳãʵеģתͷ֮ʲôŸĻһݣѰᣬԺƷ׼ҵİӣ
ǰߵĻݿߴֻܵȰ֮󣬼ȥˣ衲ŷ
үʵϣȵԺ󷭰үүĻţүһЩ¡
ôճƺͺá衳˼ҲãҶû
˶٣ǡ衣
šˡ
ϣиǼ衣ݡ
ʱѡڵڶյĳʱһ̣˵ĺʱ
һӹʻȥ˿筽ֵۡ
ᣵʱǡüһСĸ̧̫ţŹⱼȥ
ǲǴ󳯻᣿ᣣ衺Ȼʵ
仰õ˰϶Ĵ𸴡
衷ЦЦѹ֡
󳯻ϣҪʺѳˡʺɲץʱ䣬Ͻȥҡ
ż衣ǵĻʺңҪ
ã衰ס˰֣룬Ҫȥˣܸʲôֻеп߳˵һ
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̫乬İףҲòЩ֪澣ȻӹΣʼѡ
ոµĸۡǷ˸пһȻ˵³ˡ
̷ĹŮЩȣˣȥ𣿹⽻ū澣ҪѡһϺõԺ䡣
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ŸսţةѾȥԺһˡ
ﻹţط˾ϲүǸϢ
ةͷһվˣ̲סＸ֣Ŷˣ
ˣ
ة̲סˣǬ幬﷢̫࣬Żײ˷ϺĹ꣬Żʺ˶ˤʥֻּæµ飬󳯻Ҳʥּһ£ǰһɶ
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ط˻ǻʺŸĻʺܳضҲǸˡ
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ط˼ãʤЩ¿˵ҪɸˣȥŶһϵĹϵҾʤӦ
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˭ãǸսթ޳ܵĶ
طüˣԸͣͲľˣҪǻʺһѣн죿
ةЩѪҵҲּ˵ϺֱӾͱһֲûлرǻʺ󡣡
ҲܣҲͬˣطһ֣乬ﻹչãһǻʺ󣬱ɿǸ˵ġǶǹƢ̫ӴҲ˵ˣ̫ûٸɫȥҲá
ةûסԼļ롣
ܾãԼԶۣ˶ԶۣƺǴྶͥ
ʤҲöȥһȥ
ةһҪȥʲô
ҵ𣿡ʤֻȥһƶˡ
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ةʤԥڵڶֱ̤ĸۡ
衺Ͱûã衺ȻһЦ˷òõģһҪúд
ĽëһСƬӰʵλش˺ϲ
գգֻۣŻرһ
ǣС˵ĩۣһʮ죬Ż
ĩˢʤˢ
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Ϥ衵ˣ϶ʤܣǧͼ˵ϧʤûм衵ĿȻΪʿ
ʤҲӣֱӾ˵ͼ衵˽һ¡
ҲѸٵãо֣дһ
ʤȻͬ⣬˳ƿ佱һ䣬׻˵ˣк飬ԶĲ飬ȻҲΪ
תȥ˿ͥԺһߵ˿ʼ㣬ұϺõ٣ʤѡ
ש񡣡ùˡ
ǣʤЩɺֻΪĸ󵨵˹ˡ
֮
ʤȱȱָ˸׵λá
衸˵ͼһۣҡҡͷȻ󲦶ҡ
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ʤ̱һߣ̶ѸֱĿⲻԾ䵽λõϣ¶͡
һˣĿ¶Ц⣬סӡǺص°Ǩ
˵ʤѸٴչȥ̲סʣ㵽ʲôģһҵӵܣôû㣿
Ҳ֮΢ЦԼ֮ǰĻظһ顣
ʤʣشˣˡ
ʤǵЦһǣǿ֮ǰ׳ˡ
ôȥĻ᲻Աең
衴ߴٵش˲֮Ȳɣ
һ˵ţ̲ס˰һ͵
ʤ̲סǲ֪ΣҲһҲ˶Ŀһ°ɡ
衺ǫ飬ȷʵ˶Ŀһ¡
Ҫ٣衺Ȼ˰һۣеˮȥơ
ʱ򣬰ǲҪڳĺá
Щȣɿʤһۣ˵ЩʲôֻǳĬ¡
һӺ
ˣϴεѾʮգеˡ
ʤ죬оԼﶼð̣ƺˡ
ҪǵңҾּ̫ҵ١ѾͿʤıʣǵ
ʤɫһ䡣
ˣعӻظ衽ˡ
ة鷿ȴ̲ס룬ôʤҲؼҵĹӣôҲүڰôɣ
Ϳ˻겻ʤԺ
ôΣةѸʵ
ʤޱ顣
ȵة飬˦ħѹֶĳһ㶼ûС
ةһɻ󣬡˵ʲô
ǧɽɾ𡣡ʤһ
ةоԼ˵˼·
ʤٴε
ھͺ޲öˣҲùĥ
鷿ۣ뵯ةֻͷ۲ѣңŸҳȷʵǣҶһء
ʤ⸴ӣֻǣôҪ飬Ϊʲôҳǰң


15¡ ֻĲ
¥һֱŸӣһŸë
ŴԶԶֻʤ˶
͸Ҳڻ졣
쵯١

ˣ֧ңǲҴǡ

ʤնǲңȻղôӲɼѡ

˵ʤǲǺУʷةԱ˳û¸ɣܡ

ӷŭһ򣬷ɳЪһߡ
ߣԽԽоԼĸëҪˡ
ҲŭֻûЦݣǲҲüûбȥɢˣ
ͷ
߽ŴӰȥתһȦ˽ٲ㣬Ҫˡ
ӳһ˲Ȼſ򣬳ż衵Ļȥ
СףֻһŰӰ˹ʱЩϲ˲һߵʤǲˣ
ˡ
ƵĶԻ
شģˣǸӡ
衲ȥ
Դ˶֮󣬰Լ˵סϽ˹ȥ̷˾Ӱӡ
ûмҵĹӣȷʵΨһе޵Ĵڡ´ǣܸӴ
˹üмǡôǸΣ£ҪҽҪҲ
Եһݸˡ
ͷҪӼ衻ɳֱһѰס
۸Ӳ˵˻
ʤһС˸һѣ´δҿһ۾ۣ˶֡
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ʤɫһ
һ㶼ͼ衽ա
ϷŹתͷʼ衣˵һ֪شΣүΪҺش˭ոã
ʤ̲סֹǡǱ칫
ֻûʤĻȻãʤͲóЩ
ʤ칫ܼ
衳Աߵһ˹ȥ졣
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ȰԶˣʤӣ˻ȥǰ׼ҵĵӣ׼˶ˣʮͽ˽̷˾ڼһֱڸݣûв鵽ϵĺۼ˵׼λӵҲС˵ͯʱʮˣ϶Ҳûȥ֪ʶɾ
ûЩá
ʤᳰһӲҶˣ˵ˣ̫ΨһһֵܣַߵȻҪЩҲΡ̫ӻڳﱸʵ۵񣬻ûʽǻʱǹؼ
أ衲ò
ʤ̯֣ҸĸǷǻʺ飬˳
һ㶣Ƿˣ
ʤ뼾㲻᲻֪ɣ
ʤеӣյΪϷǰʾǲ̫ͣӽͽģ
衸Ӳ⣬ӣѵк͹˵ˣ̫Ǹӣôࣿ
ʤ
ոսʶЩը衲òôȥҰĸׯĹ΢£߷ˡ
嫸ĻׯΪӹ򣬿ȥλòҲС
̸ڣˣȻ治Сã鷳ҲС
ʤߺӹСպãҪ̫ӲңҾԲ⡣
Ժúƶ
衲ݸ̫ˡ
ʤм־裬ǰ˵ãҰһ£Ҿߣº㲻Ҫҵİѱвؼҡ
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ʤĥĥ䣬תͷһѾϡ
ʤ߻ˣô˯ˣ
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ʤŭ˦뿪ûң˵һϢ
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¥ؼҵĲҵҲ˼ĵط黭޲ʫʸ踳ѡ̸ʱ£¥
Թ޵һ¥ҲˣÿλöŵƷÿֳʤҲˣ¥к
Ҽǵڲ£ʮ²ʽȣʤҪԼˣ˭ģ
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ʹƷٴεõʮţҲֻǲеһ츳ĵλı䣬ǽĵһ
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Χѧ۷׷ףԼĿ佱
ɫ䣬ʤҧȥ
¾ȵӲȥһλ̹ӣһֱߣҲ֪
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ʤòջۣ۹Ҳ
ڽ̷˾ô꣬ҲûĥƽǹôѰ
һãֹضʲô£
衲һã
ֹʲô£
̫ϲ󣬡ү˵ӣҪݷү
ӣݷʲô
Ҫ̫ӣү븮͸ǰݷãֺ̫ǺһЦҲūһۣٺԺĹԱˡ
ֲ̫˵һλϵѧͷүɵúúýһ
ȿȡһڲ軹ûȥǺԼ
̫ʧɫүүôˣ
û£̲סֹӦòôɣ
ֻ֪һˣǾС˵λ֮һ
˶ˣ衸ɴó׼ϯЩһ֡
ڶطտȻЩִ٣ϵ֯Ҳû̫⡣
ٲúԼЩī
ŮѸٶϲȾʳ˷׷硣̫Ѿ׼ʱ׼ǰź
ղˣҲѣһˮΪТ㲻යˣλ֡
˷׷ױʾ
֪һλźӸˣһƪ츳ҵȹĦѧϰҲժ˵¥
֪λ̹ӣ͵
һ˴ߣס˰ϣԭһӵܣбѧ̧ժ
ѾЩݺС˵еλϵˡ
һģһ
ûȥ¥ҲûƪʲôʸֻǸſ佱̹ӵ
м죬ʱ򣬼ԼŵһҶ㡣
ѹ̲ס٣Ƥֱ
˳żЦЦûзϣתˣܶ룬ĽƷУԸʫһס
˷׷׽кá
衣
Ȼģ
˿ڲѹѹ
֪׿ڱʾĽƷбȽ˾㤡
ǰһ¸˲š
衻룬ߵôˣΨһڻңȻֻԼ

*
лҪ˵
ʤҪǽͶ衣Ҿǹ
ߣOKˡ


16¡ׯ ǲż
Ż絽Խ˵ĳ̶ʱƺʲôȻ
ѾӵŰ˰һѸĥī֭һֽ̺ߴŰЩ±ʡ
ûжֻǿ֡
ʱ±֮ǰȻ̧ͷ˼һۡ
µ̫̫ҫֻۣƲƮмȣ֪ڲ
Ǵ׷ֵ죬贩Խɽȱꡣ
ûȥ˼Щǻڻҵ飬ֻǰжڰ׵ӰΨаǲɫĹӰ
ãȻǺʫһԵ̾ϢҲһߵļ衡
Ҳ̾Ʒ̹꣬ӵʫϣҪ鷿͡
̫࣬Ҳǰ档
ؼһʱ
Աߵ̫ຬЦӦ£Ҳ׷׿޶ѧӣʵ˻ҵ䷶
ϯˣⳡҲٿԺֻ̣Ǻ˲ʫԣַ̽绨ѩ¡
ʱЩѾӽʱ
ʵкܶ໰ʣϧûüʳڣͱĻ˻ȥ
ʵв˶ʫҵõġĻѵһԵá
ԣõģһַݹȥһӣһ£ǲǺˣ
ܲһ㶼ȣⲻȺüһ䣬Ȼֲ衣ң㶼ûпҵʫô֪õģ
Ȼˡ
ƽһⶮĬĬػӣԸ¶Լ
ʵ̫⣬æźͱ˽飬Ϊʲôע⵽ûȥʫ
ҲʫʣĲЩαװ֪͹ˡ
δᷢʲôٴʱ˿̣ѣҲ֪
õĴ𸴣˯ȥ
ܶ˾ƺԼ飬Ҳǡ
Եڶգ鷿ʱ򣬿ѾװѵʫԾ߹ȥ
ҸоЩõĵط˵˺ȫ෴Ļ
ЦָʫдʵȻõġ
΢΢̡
ʵ˵仰ʱһ顣
Ϊ֡
׼ȷ˵ǵĻұֽȫԭļ䣬ԭһֱס乬Ҳʶ֡
𣿡Ѹת˻⡣
ҪǣһǶߣȵ߻ס
뵽衾ǰһڡ
ȻġѸ̧ͷֻҵһݶѣǲϲ
ûУϲ衽ض˰Ļ
С˵ǰʮµݣ˸Ƕһһ㵽ϵࡣ
˵ǰӵܣ߽´ҺΪ߽ȶ
ĩʱҲѲء
ĩԼʱüЦڱ߽ΪսˣԷ֯Ѱҽ븮ΣȻͬն
ʹУҲѷɫ
Ҳ㣬ֻǰһֱڽ̷˾Ҳ¶˵Щ£ȵڳˣҵҲ±˷ֶߣűһϲӵݡңָڰ֡
ã֪ˣ衾һϣѾ뿪ˡ
Ƕһ
ˣҲԳһ塣
鲻Ҫǰ衸ɴͳŽ죬»ݵİټһأȥԼһׯ
ǲǵøĿڳƺΪ̹ӣ죬ۿЩ죬֪顣
˶Լ衣ʱɽΪ䵭ҪˣھͻȥҲùг̡
磬óȽϺʣ̹ӵˣȻһǲǲ̫ãصĻҲоݡ
ǰżʵϣ۵ʱ򣬰ͼصĺƽһ̶û֡
衣
˳ֽӴҲˣ໥๵ͨһ¡
Ϊҳ衾бҪ㹻Ľᡣ
ȵ衳ȥɫ΢䡣
ֱ׳ۣСţԸøӡ
ׯλڽİɽռҲԼ˰Ķ
ׯ˲ׯں͹Ϲ߲ˣּݾ·ܶķӸⰫСưܣ³ϻ̳Ͽһ߽ܣΨ˹ǵۡ
ׯҲв˼ңǶǵ軧ҪϽĳɵʳ
Ҳ̫խСˣЩ⡣
²һۣίǻׯõˣģҲһӶûС
衳Ĭһ˲һ׶ưܣѹԽҪˡ
һֻЩҪܹ·ɿȥסֺõūȲ֪ҪҲûüɨԵЩҡ
ŴӣһีĽڹ
ֻƽʱһֱ
ɹˣ乬＾һ˾סѵʱҲû·ۡ
ֺЦЦЩɻͲЩˣסԺӶɽϣȻҪǿˡ
û˵⻹ʤشһ⣬ȥˣ֯΢ɨһ¡
ܶʱֻҪȥʳȱɣҲӲעЩµ˵
ҲףܶȷʵҲҲͱһ㡣
ʮһʱƺҲû̫仯
һ˼ͬУƹΧũ
ʤԶԶͿ衵ˣôˣ
衵˽顣
ʤ죬ĬĬڼежΨһһ˵Ҫ˽һµģº̫ׯҲ֡
衺Ͼǰ鷳ѾˣҲˣȻԹ͵ɢˡ
ʤ
ոյĸж˲ʧһɶ
һȦ衲࿴ˡ
ǣתһȦоʲô⣿
˵ţ衿£軧ʲô
ͷ󺹣ûУ軧һ߸мǵĴȱ
ҪָɾЩɾĸʱиطΪЩʮˣغڣȻǶɨ·棬ǸɴһʳΪͣ˰ʱɨ
õ˼͵񣬼زǣ
˼ҪũµǼѣԴʳ߹ǲôֵǮڳ꣬ʳǵģܹ۸Щ
ʤŲȥЩ֣̽˳㻹һߵԶЩֻһź
ȣҪשȰӽ衸ɴ֦ڵϻ˸µҸոһֿۣ޽ģʳʼùˡ
Щɻ󣬡שҪôգѶȸҪٹ
乬ЩûӴ
ΪΨһһⴳˣ򶨻ش⣬ЩѣϾשҪǸ˼ңֻǳǽ޽
ʤЩשҪרŵשҤһשҪ꣬Щ軧һȥˣҲ򲻵ש뷨ʵǲʵʡ
һ߲źЩʵѹ
衵Ȼ֪⣬ҲнҼǵСʱŻ飬ٽȲݶ飬ˮ;˵õ̫ɹһɹˡ
ʤɿż衣֪㡣
һȣô򵥣
ȥԡ¿ɴֱӴ˹ܼҡ
Ҳȥʤȵߣȥࡣ
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Ѹٵͷ
ǻҪˮҲһٰѴĹ߸һΣ衵˼·ԻһжҪͶ뵹ǲ࣬Ҫ֤ׯӵͶֵõġ˵ׯʲôã
ֻ⡣
ڵ˵Ǻܺʣׯ޽ôණָظǧ޽ﶼԡ
˵һ룬ԼͷЩЦǲô˸ʲôѲɻ񻰱˵һһ֧ӣؼʱó
ûЦ
ҲûС
üһҪ˵Щʲô
ʤЦȴ˹שˣ
һ黹ЩˮյʯשģʾҿЧȻӲȱȲЩשҤʯשҲ㲻ˣӲԡ
ʤ۾оԼ;Ҫׯһǰɣû⣡ҾԸá
ãУ
ظһĨЦͲͷشˡ
ڶⷽһ¡
ʤϵЦݽʧżң

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лҪ˵
¼Ŷӻû׿£ĳԱҪȹһڡ
۾Ͳһһظˣһʱ𣬷˼֤ҿҵۡ



17¡Թ һ
ʤǰʵ֣ǲȺͶʶԾ۸ң
ˡز˲ָף߰ԡ
ھͶʤȻ
衷Ͷʲô𣿡
ǾȻҪڻӪⲻЦ
ʤΪǲ⣬ϾʱšͶǹҲ³ˡ
ʤ
͹ɣȰѹõ֡
衣
Ϊ˽С壬ʤҲ̫ˡ
ʤש·űǲ֪שļֵֻҪõ°նשסȱҲɡ
衵ͷ
ĩۺʤ֮ٶԹʤ֮ԳΪǣǷݹذյʵʵġ
Ȼƾʤ˵ͣʤˡ
үô˵
ʤĵҵʹ۵ĻҸˣׯ²ɾĹҲץˣ¥ϣһ⽻ʹӰŰһѣ˺£㲻һӦȰ߳ȥɣ
衲òԲˣĸׯӣһһԷӱá
Ȼʤðͼ֮г˲٣˼ȫûкת
ҲҪǱһʤ۾һҲʶʶүı¡
Ȼ̹ȻǲУֻȡ
Ϊδ֮衺֪֮
ģۻġ
ȵʱʰ·С
ѰͼصҲ˵ˣׯʲôû
ȵȣҪиԮĸׯӦĸˣʤѾˣеƫۣʱҪ֣ǹģЩҲ˽⣬ʱҪ͵ԷٲʱҲҪ˸Ǳ顣
ν˾ͼ˰ɡ
ʤСſɳ۶ȥ
žׯ衾֮һ𲻺ʣɴཫ˶ֿˡ
ȵ꣬衺ʤ鲻㴫ȥҪڻׯԼΣȷ׵ٹ
һ߼ѸٵóݣһʮСԺ䣬⻹שҤשټһϵеķãǧ
˵¶һĨЦ⣬үķȥשҤҲ򵥣˵ҲҪһֹһǧ´ࡣ
衵ǵʱ򣬸ԸӯͿЧԼ˱
ʤһоԼ˴ֵĻᡣ
ֻмòԾ
衵ׯӺ͵軧ǻҪԸӯׯ޽ãѽǰȣʤˣ˺ʤ֮ġ
ʱʤС˸˹ӣҰˡ
Ů˸٣һֻϻɴߵСѾ߶ʤŭĿӡ
ŮӼôڣȿΨһϤʤ
ʤֵ֪ԼļЩҲнҪ£ʵʧ񡣡
Ůӵͷ߽ش˿
ʤǶھ̹ӡ
ү񣬡ҸԴΪ顣ΪгŮеڶع˵һȻ鴫
غƺׯ񡣡
ȥĵһۣܲ˸š
ݸҲǼ򵥶˼ѡ
ʤҡͷȵǫͲʱˣΪΪŮӣȴ˲飬ƺˮ֪һ޽̰ӣνѧԨ
Ѿ˾κˣȴЦŵͷ
ܺãλҲˡ
λǣռһ롣
Ѿչ˴齫ˡ
²۳ɲɣұܣʤ
ףλģзִ硣
ʵôˣȴͷͬˡ
ʤǽǿש˳ϸδļƻ
ׯ޷ԣȻʼͬķ·ܲĵط糤ǡ
˵Ļ˵ʷٹǾԹˡ
עǸƴʱƾõĹ̡
ҪעƲʤҲûôģݸƻ
Ҳ࣬ԼԸһשĺʵҸоҪԼΡ
Ǿǳˡ
ʤ۾һ
ݿ衣˵ĸׯӣռһԡ
ʤĿڣû뵽ת׿ԼĵһԣЧȻá
ݻ˻ȣ˹عӣӦ˭ģοŮܲףǷֿ׵
ʤЦǰǾʵɡ
ӣֻĸׯӡ
һɨˣǾͲ֡
룬ܺãжɱʿׯɱǡ
Ϊף衳Թϲ´ץһߵĹӿʼꡣ
ĸˣĸׯҲˣαҪʤʵ
ҡͷⲻУһΪʼׯӣЩ軧ѡĳɾҲҪһׯԱȣҪʵҲֻһ
Ҳ˵һʣ޸ġ
ɨһˣϣղдˡ츳ҪȻٲ˵֧֡
ԣ˭Ҳ˦
ҡȣŮӣǼгŮɴңשҤһ٣Ҫ֣ȻҲҡ
ҿԼӣʮ𲽣ʤǹأһŮӣҲûЩ硪
شĻһǹڶҸ磻ȱľ
ʤ޲ϲľǹϵ
ΪأؿݣкøС
ݳʤЦЦЦȴ͸żֽթȻӶ
ǰʤˡ
һһ䰲ˣʤòټӸׯӲ𣿡
µġ衲ôҵ⣬ûаװ͸˵ĵ
ҿӣ̫ҪһׯӣʤһΪ˲߳飬Ҳƴˣ̫ЩӸ˲ٶȻ˹ػҵĸףȻҲһΨһֵܡ
˵ʤҲԹѡ
嫵ͲһʹׯӣΪʲôҪĸ
̫ӹȻϣ
ʱһ͵񣬡Ӳ
۸˱ˣû취ֻȥ̫Ҵڸˡ
һһʼöԵķغݴյһ𣬹ͬʤһ̧ͷͿྐྵӡ
Լæµʱ򣬻衵Ĳ豭ˮ
»пϣԱ߸˹̡
ʤЩĽ¡
ҲˣϢ
ʤѾдʮҳļƻ飬衵Щƻǲǣܽʵеȱ¾Ӧǳ
ڻңҲֻųԹˡ


18¡Լ ϲʲô
ȻüЩе㲻Ծ衵Ŀ佱ʤмָˣּ޸Լķ˳Լֵõׯӹ½
һԵĹ±ʵͷ󺹣ׯ˼˳ϻشʤ⡣
Сÿ˼˼ֻֻѼׯм·ÿ·֮ôƣ޲ڡ
ϸϸ˼֮ˢڸС
غС̽ʲôʱʱһЦ
衳˹ϣֿ˲ٹӣȻŸӳһȦ
ȵƻʱ̣ԼǰһѸֽдʫ״ʣƪЩĻʱ취
ݺͼѾϸг˾ĿݣԤҲаڣ˽һʱ̡
ʤվǣʵˡ
̴߽ˣŸӲǰҲˣӽׯ̫֮ãҴɢǰ塣
ʤ
أ
ݣ
Ψаɫ糣衶һˮúϢ
ɫԾʶˣҲˣһЪһЪ£ЩĹϹ
ǿЪһᣬ˷׷״ظʽʼ
;Уʤ£ȥʣ˱ݻ
ſʯʨӳĬŵС˿ż־Ѹٿš
¹µӭظ
˵꣬¹ֳż衵񣬡үŶСۣҵڴ˵ȺԸ븮Ƭ̡
衿ҡͷԲԸ³漾Ĩƽ·ϵ壬㡣
衵ãһᾡ졣
ԴѾȺʱ뼾ϷΪ飬æµЩʱδΪϲʵʧ񡣡
衵˿
Դֽһߵ꣬ҵĳУϷҲսݼ
ʱż
ԴػӣǶԼ衸ޣة˵Ʒоѣң˼ݣʵ֥
衱΢Ц
ҿ϶ة֪ʵԸû²ֻۣ㴵䡣
Դо˸˵ʺŶóƺΪʦ̫ˣʦ̫ǰʵǶȱ©ѼڣȴδνӵɼҵҲҵֻǻδɼңһ˹¼š
һ㶣¡
û˵ͱ˴ϡ
ףһƿţЩ߰
ǳŭͷϺ̲סҡΡ
´ҴҴţźʹӡ
Ӧңһ롣ݹ˲ü衣ֱֻԴ
ԴһӣĲ豭ʱһΡ
ʮϣһɫ۸¶Ļĸ֮ý֮ԣж
ݶżһǿ侲ǹТڼ䣬䲻ţҲл֮١
Դ֪ܲТڼ䲻Ȼ֪
Ѿʮ࣬ȵТһʮţټѰѡ׵ʱͶʮˡ
ʮͣѡ˱ԽԽ١
ֻüãҲΪ㡣
Ҳ¶ְ󣬡ڼӱõģֻԸôȥ
Դ̾ƺʮ꣬öЦˡҼҴƽҳţΪЩ󵨣֡
ŮԸô죿
ֻĲ֪ΪʲôԸ⡣
ѾˣٳٰŻзأڳ͢پҪְֻҪһ޹ȥǶǳһƷھˣ˻ʺ˭Ҳù
ҪǻʹԺʮټ̫Ӳô̫ˣԴҪԼŮһ̫λãݳΪһʺ١
衲òȰ⼸䣬ֻЦ˺αضǣŮ״ͷ˭˵ղ[1]ﱥʫ飬δһءҵׯҲ벻ָ㡣
С˵дӱ£Ǹĩ۲ֻʳӡʤѱϣؼɢϷ޳ĪرͳδҲɢء
ʱ˾ǾƵģλݣҵĳŮûսƾѧسеµȣָӵõ
ۿ΢죬񣬡л
衲
ݳĬΣʼղңٵһꡣҶһɾͣܵõλةĽڳޣǻ׿һΣҵĻ¾Լ
ԴײԸݱ̫ͦãٸһꡣ
һʱ䡣
λ顣
Ҫڳޡ
⣬һѵ·
ݷɿӦмȲ϶˼ĨõЦݣղŵѹɣãΪġ
Դһ㶣ﶸȻԤС
ݴߴƣ衺Ϊ֤ˡ
衶ʱĲ費ˡ
ʱʤ˵Ҫש޳ǻ޻ƺӵĵ̰ţЩĿûǮƣש㹻׵Ǽʷ

㲻ף
ͼ衳ţ϶˼Ц⣬Լ衵ͻ˶£նȰãҲʱǡһ֪֮Ѷˡ
衵Ӹˣԣû
ϣһ㻹Ц
һֱ⣬ż衻
һ裬ȻᣬлͶ˵
ʲô˵ġЩ͡
ûٺ˵ģ˵׶ѡ
һҡһǰߣ˵ȴȻӲ
ɫ԰죬˵ʲô
Ҳţ磬ɻԺ󣬲ϻʵɣ
ϻʵǰҲмӢֻǵλʺһ飬Ȼϳԭ䣬λʺֽɱϻʵǰĺüŮӲ̫ӱ˳ӣٰѼ衺ͼӽ乬Щ³˼һӵӰ
衵ҺﶼԸ⣬ҽ϶ɻ顣
ҪΪ֮ˣʲô飿űһ𣿻ŻȪ·и飿
õĴ𸴣һ˸Ƿ磬Ҳ˵ɻ鲻ãֻи׼ôҲȥһλɩܲܽü֡
ˣ쿴㾫ƺ̫ã衹ػʵ
ضʱҿԣûûУֻ˯߲̫á
Ůӳˣˡ
Ҳûйѯʡ
һץס衵֣衣ϲʲôأ
һ㶡
æ䣬ֻǾƺҲȻ㲻ϲϲˣֻϲԸģ
Խ˵ԽţŻƺɲó
ҲսЩ۾Ҫԡ
ҪСұ񣿻Ǵҹ㣿
Ų豭һڲ裬ʼԼĺƣϲģϣȫףᣬòҪ̫㣬ܿ˳۾ͳɡ
һ͡
衼̫˵һҪңƽһЩ
ü˼սеıӡ
衰Ѹֱ˹һѣҪܷɵøһЩ̬
أ
Ҫѧ
ꡣ
ıѾƬˮָ

*
лҪ˵
[1]Ů״ͷ˭˵ղҸŮݡ誡
дӢʫ



19¡ʿ 
ǰ㣬ŬһѣԼԡ
һ㣬ֻܵͶ̥ˡ
СƬѸٵݹȥһ
˲֣͵ոЩȣЩ
ʣϲ𣿡
ڳֻֻӷҪ
Ȼϲġ衵ͷϲš
һЦҲǳϲ
ֻżڸϵĿ⣬ø̲סɪɪһ衻ꡣ
ֻãϲŰֻӳԽϲ
˶ۼż衺ͰԶŷϵЦ⡣
ߣȥһ޶ۣת´
޶ھ̨ɽϣ㲻޶Ҳ޽˴СĽԺ䣬ʿƽоס
𡣡һλʮĵʿˡ
ǣ¶һĨЦŵѾվԶЩ
ι
ʿ죬ʿƽҲвپԽʼϴεݡ
رЦݣ˼ȴƮԶ
Ƿ⼸ս̵˴ŮӣǻŮӵͣŮӵͷԡһ㣬úˣҲϲô
ͱڡ
ʿ˵һ룬ǲסʼԼĹԿ䣬漸ׯĸҪӣɷ͵ҩܽõɡ
ǡôߺ棬ҪôɲУ
ȻʿĿڼͽʹתһȦν׳ȻϾᣬȹҲ֪ĳϡ
Ǹƭӡ
Ǹǳ󵨵ģѻһһ׵ġ
ھеĵʿ棬ƫҲǶһ޶Ǽغòġ
¶ЩѹݣҵΪԼΪҵĸ磬ʧȥ˫ףһ˹¶ãʵѹ
ʿʱǵǣ罫ȥұؽΪ￪ֳһ
ضʱ¶ϲȻˣǾ鷳ˣҪ£ֻҸһֱôЩȺһ
ʿףģƶؽ߾ȫ
ƮƮ⸱Ȼı飬Ҳѹʿƭôˡ
ϵЦԽڿݽһ˽լʿס죬Ҹ
ʿżأȥĸۡʱΪоϸĽջ
һʼųһͻȥˣźúһٻȡλҲ
ϾһŮ˷ļ˽ܼ̳мҲĹӸ磬ӵиɣ
ȥ˻ʹŸϻʵ塣
򵥼ݺ󣬼ǰݼûʵۣҲ̫Ӽ嫡
ںһ˵Щ˷ܡ
̫ӵ£ֱӲ˽ȥ
¶Ӷ񣬡
̫ӵ½飬岻ѣЩһʿмֱ£ҵլ׸̫ӵ¡صպܱһ
嫺ԼĲмһģˡ
嫲͵ûա
Ȱ£ҪǼһǲϲôҲһ档
ֿأĿ޼ɵϴķ졣
صͷװߣѾԺô˵Ӹٳ
ԥһҲãֻǼأǰرֳҵĹȻҲʹ͡
Դϴ֮󣬼衾ͺ˺ҲΪ̫ӲѰֵܣЩ΢ʡ
۾һż嫵л̫ӣҽҪȻ档
Щʵаɣأ
ǵʿڹ⣬صҲһЩץһ㲻ţο̫Ӳ΢˽һȥǵʿǲ汾졣
Ҳ̫ЩҲΪۣȥɢɢģ˳Ҳμҿүˡ
Ķˣߡ
ص˽լλмƫƧĲøۻңùȺ򣬸嫰档
Ǵ΢˽ã嫻һҲһӸģһװʿо˸Ľ˵Ҫٴ̧ˡ
Ҳûбʵˡ
ؼЩ˶״̬ɴԼš
ʿڳ־ԵݣŸ嫽ͷתڣʵƶԣƶʵǿһЩʿֻ֪Լ֪Լĵҩʲôãȴͼ˵ˣѳƿԳ
嫶ʱһ㶣ʿģ
ʿһɨЩͷƵɫʱʲôˡ
ʿһʹļףЩ֪ҰʿǻƶΪ޵ֻ֪֮ЩúҩЧ˵ĵҩ
ƶɮɷӣ˫|ޣʿն̫أرᱬҪЭͱŮ顣в|||||ɣɵĲš
嫶ʱһ
˾׵ۣȻûмʶ
Щ⣬ʦҲȣҲһЩ|||ֻΪκЧ
ʿ˸룬λӣйһЩŮӣػضЩˣȴ࣬ȻЧѣԪ
ʱͷͬѡ
˵ʿ¶һĨЦݣ|||ЧѵȻǴӣοҪһЩҩͿھԸеʱɹͨͥµظܡ
ҪУҲҪҹ||ʮ|ŮҪ˲ιͨʿǲţһչͨ
ʱ󣬼ڴţѵûɫżصˣȷʵǸ汾µġ
¶΢ЦĿٳϿҲܶԵóá
ϣλ㹻
գǰʹϻʵǰ㡣
û뿪ͱһС̫뵽˽
ܣѵø˼һɫһ
衶پЦ֪̫кҪ£
ɷЩһܣܣλ汾µģ˵ˣ֮޷ΪڵʢҪõͱ˫|ޡ
һ㶼飬ֻǽɵķӸһĶѣʱŮ˫ްշ˫ޱǲõĽ
һԵŵͷûջȥһԣǷټһЩҩģҽվʢ
衣
λŸµף
ջҪ飬ǡƺЩΪѡ
̾Ͳˣ˵ظҵĸף˵ǸҲϣյõɣ֣֮ĿǰҪķ棬ع˼
ܺãѻһһ׵ġ
º͵ôõķӣ¿Ҫúðա
ҲźͶǢϵ֪ܣ嫸пҲ˼ˣЧ治һˬ
촵ⶨȻ飬Žλ͵̫ӵߡ
嫸һ͵
衣
飬ôϽһТھɫĲФ
˷ܵܣҸͼΣҲһ˫޵ĸоʱһɣȡշ

*
лҪ˵
Ԥգר
1+Թܣٹ⡷
һߵӮңԸˣƽԼ
»صȥķҵϣɼ
ֻҹҹðÿһϣΣεСʱԼ
ǸԼ޵ÿ⣬ŭ޸ƨ޽κ⣬ܲ㣡
-
ʱ룬۲Żص˸ĸߣǱӵ͸ˡ
ȴõֻܶ޵˯ţһο
ֱһգμδԼ
ܵĵһĨůǸ硱ֶֹ࣬סҪ
-
bugԼ
ٹ⹲Яֲ
2+Ȧ㲻뷭[Ȧ]
ϱժӰ۹ڣ˾ͷ˿ػضʮ꣬ⱲлϾ㾫úһ
Ȼ
羺ѡֱ찬֣ҪһϷ
СոоѣһϽĿ
ӰΪ츳Ϸ
ҵɹѣһΪδƴ
λҵУҲҵۣг̰š
л뷭㡤ϣ
ҽ飬Ӯ


20¡ Vһ
ǼҲһ, δ̫ͷ̫ӵ£ǡ
Ըðɡ
ҲãҲ, ʵǲ롣
ظ, Ļ, ܣ, ЩҩҶʹ, ̫ҽ˵ǲҩҽҩһЩٽھ, ˣ̫
˵, ҲЩǡ
̫඼ȥ˸ˣϵ׹һ̫Ͳ, ҪǸ
ô˰|ƷĹְ̫, ˴Ҳ˹ʡ
л̫ӵ£ѸٵʵˣĿǰ׷һյ, ̫Ҫɵķ, һͬ˫ޡ
Ŷ˭һ, ĸ, ҶȻй¶ȥ
ѿڶ, ϣ¥ժÿףһġ
ҪѡһŶһӦȷʵǰ
°ͣĿ⾧ߵЦݸֿ
ż衽ԭίһ飬ԿƿĿ⡣
Ȼ̫Ӽһʡ
衵ǸΣԭ򣬡Ҳ뽫ǣֻʤңŮӣˣֲܱ¶Ҷûôϵ֣οϱǲӣҼһ棬㡣
ϣܲ˵ԼϲǸʮԴɣӶʮˡ
գգۣʵүǲ˼ݣ̫ӶԴʱһ˲˼ôݡ
衶ʱһϡ
ֻ֪Լ顣
һ̣ʲôû룬ֻѿڶ֡
衲Ըæתƻ⣬㲻ҪȥμĻᣬǻϽȥ
̫ӵʱʲôӦ׷һ䡣
衵˵Ҳ۹⣬󵨳֡ĿǰТڣҲҹֱңġ
嫵̫ԡ
Ա㣿
㡣衰֡
ˣ衲òȥıĸӡ
ӵĽ⼱٣·ڸܡ
衵ģϲ㡣
ȶЪڸߴͷż衣ǲ
ģ˵ʵ衶˵ģιòã
ӵĽ˻ſ˳򣬳˹
ү̫ιˣץˣ̫ˣ
ɫһķŵϣתš
ӷɵһӰסˣ뿪
˵õϲҪιôˣ
̫ཹѣż衵λιμҶˣƽ̫ߵýūҲҼۣȻץϹӣûôֻǴ˶
ֹ̫Ǽ֪Ͼǰˡ
Ҳˣܱʾֵܺ͹עµλӵļƻ
Ҳ֪ԣ첽ߵ
Ŷȣ˵ӣСүϲ裬̫ƽǲٶ֦Ҫġ
ŮͷСιӣЩ̫Թŵģ֦ū
һȵĲҶҲ͹ˣ̫ƽϺõĲҶܹҲȫ̫պãֻ鷿̫ȡãֻݲ衣
ɫһ䣬վɴһţôµģ֪˭𣿡
ŮڵϹţҶ໰ֻͷ
衵ǸСŮȷʵǲ¡
̫һЦιӣū̵ܣͰȥúýѵ
ۼˣҲżƽһŮżƣҸϸˣ
ߣס˾ݣֻǻɢһϢһ
ǰվʮ׷׻а߶һͽ͵µơ
衵һͷ󣬡ιǣ
㲻ҪõҰץˣһӣ˷̫ܵӱָ㣬ޡȣ޵飬Ȼ˵ϺãҾͰץȻҲˡ
衣
ǣźȲڸ
֪Щ˵ץư͵عˣװǸò־ܡ
ãҲ뿴ȺҪЩʲô
תͷϣȰҲһϺôλǶ̫ӵ׵ܵܡ̫Ѿûʵֻۣᣬѿʮգٹʮ̫ӱʽǻŶԺȻٻ󣬺ôǡ
ʵЦְֻܲ
̫వд˼ƣʾ⼾ǰš
΢ɼͷʾԹȥ
첻ͷˣϣûУҪǶ㣬ƾˣ̤һֱߣһ̫ªڼˣʵǲĿ
ЦһιӾ˵ΪǾû𣿡
ʲô̫ұ֣̫ӶҪǻˣ߰ôʶȤˣμЬ䡣
⻰һΧźĹŮ̫׷׵ͷЩҲˣм˽кá
ۣЩԺɶ֤
ˣҲþ衣ֱӰͽҪúðջᡣ
衣
Ͳ˰ɣ
ܾѾò˰֣ߣģͰ͹ȥ
ʵҪʲô
ٺ٣첻Ͻͣȥ˾֪ˡ
衵һŮ·
ݸݲïʢ沼һΣԱߵİϷʢװŸɫϹĵӣһֻһһ͵Եġ
һۣŰߵſڣȻһѽƽ
컹˵˺һԣΧԶһЩżһЦǲǺģˣ͸ôЩֱӶΪ׵˸ͽȥˣһֵǧȥɡ
ãлЦŵܽˡ
ɱ˵Ķˡ
Ƚʱ򣬾Ըֻȫʬ
ʱˣһ飬Щλʿص飬򿪿ó
衽ӹʱˣҲվԶһЩһȻκβңҲϲЩ鱻͵
ĵͷģͻȥ㡣
衱һӣţʱȫӵϣαװº͡
Ѿ⿪ϵĲпڴߣ
ʱӽƻ裬ĴȫϣϵһԺ򾲾ȼգһεҺ£оżһƻ
һ߽
ڴϣȵߵԼߵʱ򣬲Ծ̧ͷ
ժߣָԾĦ°̲ͣסЦ̹Ӳܣ
뵱һ˶ڻʹأӱܻʺ׷
ϵ£޴ɶ㡣ǺЦЩͼ衵Ķֻץɶá
һΣյơ
衸оֻҪԼ֣װѰסȻƾԼ⴦ǰˡ
ŴӵĵطûС
καס˸ûʶԼĴ
Ǻڣڴ֮ͥ£ĻֱӱץʧǶңֻ޴ȥ
ϸüָۣһ棬ѵ˵һĻһֱңŻᵱʧ޴ȥ
ûˣ޴ȥҲ£ôи飬δҲˣͷֱӼ衡
Ǻǧ
衵΢΢һ٣оĿһֻС¹ڱıͼע⣬ռġ
ֻŰֻС¹ץס
ͷȻһĨȤζָָϵһѾ飬Ϊһ飬ҾͳǶˡ
ҲҪˣָס˺üˣȻҪѡõġ
ĵͷڴ£á
õ˳ŵ۾һߵǰⷭһ飬Цݶʱ̡
˼һۣѸתͷҳϡ
ʼУһߴߴٵ
Ȼûпݣλʿ̫˫޴󷨣Ҳ֪Щ鲻ʲôĶ
ǿ򶨣Ȿǻᣬû취
Ļġһ飬ٽҲɣЦϹǵ¥Ŀף˵ֻ˫˫ⶼɣ
һʱ
˭ģǨŭ
ҵģӦ̫Ӵġ衽͵
ܺá
ĬĬ̫Ӽһʡ
̲סʣ㿴ˣ
һûüοһ߲ģⲻң衵Ȼһ᲻ãͿһᣬ⣬㹻ʱо
֪Ҽ衻ûǸðôһۡ
ǿ򶨣һȻֹˡ
ǰǰ屾ҵһдֵģⱾ֡
ɵϸɨһݣְдֵĲҲˡ
ϹӲν֪ѶˣҲӦŰźߵĳ˲泩
Уѿڶѧ
衼䶼ˣھŹɫҲˣҲˣЪһЪҲ֪ôˡ
ȶһ࣬˼衵ߣұץʱȷʵĻϣʱҲúüʮѧӣͿǵ󲻴ˡ
ȼգƻҫŵס˼衵֣˵Ҫץ֪һ̣Ҷൣ㣿
Լץ¼衱ơ
ʵ֤ЩѧӵĵԶС
ĻϵץڶѧĿɿڴһλŵ߹ȥһӣʵλү֪Ϸʲô
֪һǮĽǵιӣ̫ӱɹιָӣץˣֲ˺
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
λιӿŵǸѧ׷ʵ
ȿһۣ·ھⶼ֪ι㶼ʶȻ̫ӵĸ壬ĳжүϵĹӡȻ޹ְ̫ӵױܣЩˡ
ʵϣ֪˼ֻôһλΣǲžòš
ǸӵܣȻ޹ְδƾʲôץһԵҲ̲ס졣
ЩﶮҲ¡
Ҫȥ˷׷׷ʡ
Ҳ֪˻شȻת뿪׷Լͬ顣
Ļʧ
ԣںԺΪƷС٣ŭˤ˱ӣֵܹλҵдԵʣд²ʵ⽫˴ߵĵϹǵ¥ףҪܴ衣
μұǳ˳ж˻ʺ̫ɽѵ޷ˣһ޹ְ޵޲ŵμͨˣָӹеǽгˡ
ҵã´أȥҲϢλ֪ͨѣһΪһգϼȻҵҲ衣
Χ˷׷׽кá
Ժֵָ£һȥ֪ͨة࣬һȥ¥ˣһֽеļҶ˸
һ·ϣԽԽ˲У
ȫûʶԾҡڴУȻ˶
׹ѧӶʱ۷׷ס
û뵽ҲǰǣС
ҿδأλιμˣƽͶҲδ
룬Ҳҵѯһ
ʤõϢҴҸϹʱһȺڶǰǰ
ʤǰ棬λʤһΪȣš
Ժֹÿش˿ؼҼҷشҲŻڣһһѡ
ȵţ̫ڣѸٿ˲ԡ
ͰƵϣĨһᣬιӱͺҼүδҪ̫ƽݲ裬Ҫ֦̣ҼүһŮ
ãæŰǸŮûȥ
ŮǰһӶ񣬼򴦻һĽӡɫ԰ס
̫ҼүιίߣϹҲйһ֮ԵҪҲ֪ˡ
Ⱥʱߡ
һ˶ʱߣǡײ˴һ׼뿪졣
һѧӴָϣָмλŽȦ΢ֹӸ磬ץϡ
ʱʲôˣҿɸǣұ̫ӣϾҪǻˡ
˵ãһ˵ʱ޷ơ
嵽ǰһȭһĭµϣޣ
Ųѣˣˡ
̫Աߴ󺰣ˣˡ
ȴֿ˻
Ҳֻ֣šǿǿˣвѧ޹ְɻһЩǺԺӼࡢˡ
һˣҲⲻ
ʤһͷ󣬵ҲͿμˣɴҲƫܣ첻ȭЩ˲ӣɱ׶֡
ԺֳǰУüš
޺޵Ҫұ磬ǡ
衺ͰʰоֵʱѾһӺ
һһߣȥѧȺ졣
ιӣôˣЩЦ
ֻ춥һèۣҲ˺üϣ·ĿҲˡ
ҪȥҪ硣˵һ仰˻ݶˣ˵ԼЩ©磬ЩҪȫץ
ۼŵԼҪô죿
Ҫ֪ΣҪ쵽ĸӪġ
ֻ׼ЩҩȻúȥ̫ӣؿί
ˣߵˡ
ˣԺֶż̬ȸãͬ顣
ǰǶ¾Σˡ
̹⣬Ŷ֣û뵽̫ӾȻô̲ܵܣˮ
ȷʵ˲ί
һһż衸мż衲ǰ
Ц
ԣǰĹ
ǣλܱ졣
Ψһ֪ʵݵʤ΢Ҫ֪ԸжôӣҲ˼衵а
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Ŀǰ̫Ӷǻʵۡ


21¡ 빬ִ
һլԺ, Χ̵Ůȫȥ
¯ľƻҫ۵Ľƣʿȸǰ㣬Ȼ𡣡
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ȷԺƻԼӣȻŴϸЩ
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˵Ҳҡҡͷ
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ź΢΢һ٣ɷǣ⵹˶ҵȵˣƶר޵ʮأͳӣδ캦飬˵ƭա
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԰ģδУΪƶӦ֮壬ȹĳƫҵȻټ档
˼أȻɫһܵʰԼĽϸһãѸһﳤȥ
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ȣʵԶ֪Լǣ˼ǣͷ



22¡Ѱ ̫ȥ
ʱ, ة顢жԼһڹԱһ˺ƺƵ˶ſڡ
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Ҳ뿴һӦԡ
ʤÿһųжΪ̫ӣͱȥ
ϿѵЦݶʱʧˣϾϴ֮ͱͽ乬˵ǳж£ҲҲô档⣬жǼǴˣĸΣѾȥʮ꣬ĸʮڣҲȫս϶ˡ
жϵЦһӽӲˡ
жԴչСû˵μԸһͶϡ
ʲô죿Ҳ֪衺ԥһˡ
ж˿ܣ̲ס̫ѯʣ͵͵һƱûأ
̫಻ɫӹֻǵжǶιô
ҽˣ
жźҡ
Ѿȷʾ˲ϲĴѸٽжΧڼߣһһ￪ʼ
ͣӣȻԳǶ⹫
ʹˣӲʹˣ͸óλȥռų͢ĵط
һﴫУжͷɨһۺˡֻЩ˶ͬţÿһ飬żʱμҵҲΪ
ÿ˶ǻ˵
жһ٣омͷĿѣ̲סһ˿Լء
ǣμҪˣ϶Źǡ
һ仰վԺ˵
жŭĿӣԺֲмתͷʤ˵ȥˡ
ѪӿжһѪ˹ȥ
ţԺֶʱԶˣǲңشˣɵú֤
ʤһ飬òЩ̬ȵת磬ǾͿô˵
ѾС̫ųж
ֺ̫Ǻǵλ֣͵طСټ϶Ҳ빬Ҳû̫ҽ㲻жϢˡ
жʹˣҲãμɣɨһۣĮ˾ͷۣųжֵ񡣡
ǡ˵Ļش
ԣжôһϢҲڳˡ
ةڴȲ裬衽ȥ·
ͼѾԵϢ˴˵ʬףֻż衻
ҽǾ棿ʵ
Ҫ˫۷ҪȥЩˣúüһѡ
Ѿк˵ӣȥүһЩֻǸոտʼصʱ򡣡
ãһ衵
΢ʰһ£Щӣ衴Űͼؽͬһ
ةԥһ£ǿ˿ţҲŽȥˡ
ϵİͼˣةֻϵóһǴһֻЩ졣
ҵġЩǣߴСС飬Ҷ
̬Ҳãةˡ
ةҲϧһ
ϾǼ衵ĸ
ةԥΣһ䣬쵱δ
ǰûЦܵĵطˮˣҲǱǿɱˣж죬ʲôô
ةͷһϡ
Ǿֻܰռ衵Ļȥһˡ
μأةʵҵֻǱʵȻԸΪ¡
μһչ»£̰īʮȻҪն̵һܷš
ةĬĬ¡
ڹ»ǲμյģǱǡ
֮⣬һҽŮð̫ӣةఴ˰üģ˵˵̫ӵĲ֢һ
˵ͦԣãȻ
ة಻ò͵ɴ˾Ҳ̫ɨء
ЦˣҪˣôǻҪע棿
ة̾ױˣοΪ̫ǰҲһ̫ӣôȥ
ز죬Ҳ֪ǷƢʱֻ۰ͰͿż衡
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ةεͷȻʧʼͳ
ЦһǾʧɣҲң˾ôֱӼؽʷǸŮҽų˵һΡ
ʼҶ˾ͶˣҪˣʲôˣ
ةͷһ⻹ǲ˰ɣ
ҲòȰ衷Źͷ
ϾǼΪ档
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⣬̫Ҫȥ飬⻹ҪλŮ죬һȥӴة˵Ŀڸ
衵һ裬˹ȥ
ةܳӹл
Ǿةһѣһã衵
˻ʹЪϢʱ䶼ûУͲòŴȥϻʵۿ顣
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ة಻òվ̫ȻʣԶǰΡ
ͬʱվ֤
ĴС̫ΪͻȻʣ
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λڿһʣǿ˵
̫վһߣӲᣬ̫Щ˼£һʱƣû뵽
طżһӴǵ˳͸¶һЩϢ˵̫Ѿˡ
ȵЩˣطһȰżأ˵
Ȼָѷϵǻʺ
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ʵǷҲطǿɿ֮ˣؿΡ
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ЩȲˡ
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Ӵļ򵥣Ҫ鷳ࡣ
鷿֪ǲһΣԵʣһεֱʧ˹ӡҲˡ
ةЩЩϽҵ̫ĿǰŲΧҲ̫Ķ
Ͼ̫ӻܴ
衳Ƭ̣ȥ
ݣҲŲ
̫ͷɿ찲С̫ࡣ
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ة̾żȥһ¡
һ·У̫ͣͷģҶԹ˽⣬˴ҲҵʮҶѾˡ
񣬱õ¹ʱ
һһŲ飬Ǭ幬鷿еĴΪ
̫໹Ҫæȥ֣òһʹ뿪˼С̫Աߴ·
๬ҹһȦݵӿٶȣֳַߣ·Ѳ飬ȥһˡ
ų̫ӽԼԺӵĿܡ
Ժ
ǸʲôһߵĹŮżУǶƾʲô
ͳͳ£ձѶҳ
ΧһƬҡ
ѾŹֱӴ̫ӵҡ
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ϣһֱŵָ΢˶
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Ǻƴ֣ҶˣҪɱҡ
ݲһţ̫ôѣ
ǿһĨЦݣ᣻ָԭ״
嫶϶㣬ңҺˣΪ󡣡
ѵ
վ̫ҩȴʧ֣Ҳһͬˤ˵ϡ
ִ󾪣֣
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ֻΪ̫ʵ̫ӣ̾һߵĹŮԶһЩԼҲվԶˡ
ݳ⿴һۣʵɴֻжϳһŮˡ
˲²⣬ݺȻʵ̫Ҫôأ
룬乬嫵ɫѾϺɫ˵ʱɱЩΪѾˡ
õ˴𰸣죬˼嫵ͷϣסıǿס
һɱˡ
ΪԼţʵϣѾʼҪôô֪̫ͨô̫ôαֳ
űӣݵͼƿ
ףȴݣѹԴ
Ϧ£̫̫ӰӰս
ƿ˻أõһӣֱӳȥˣֻݺͼ嫡
̫ӰһҲĬƺûע⵽﷢ʲô
ۼĶһСŲ֣ҿ˱ӣ̽̽Ϣ
ûˡ
ݳӶȻӣסϵ˿ڡ
ŵʱݳ̫̫
̫ͷֵȥɣҪһ˺̫Ӵһᣬʱҡ
̧ͷһǰ̫񣬡̫ࡣ
һоڲС
ȵݿҪ߿ʱ̫Ȼʵʺ󲻺𣿡
֮ǣ֮˪ѾԼҪŬķ򣬡ݵл
߳Ժѯʹѵʲô
ҵˡ˫۷ֿһֱڷʵôˣ
ղŲСģ˸һǿԼƽߣϽȥһ֮ǰѶ롣
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ϼӣԸҪһ㣬1100



23¡ ǰǻ
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衰ϵİڼ°ͣЩԾԾ, Ҳʩǻ
Щ˻ı
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ۼةɫÿٿةЩ߰׵, ѵеСΣѡ, ةȥͺá
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嫼ȻѾҪˣ;Բٴ̫ӵǰ
ةһҪ̫Ǳߡ
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ةûע⵽һ˲ĲԾֻǽͣϣûֱӼ衵ݣԱʾλүľء
үҲҪֻͣʹЩҽҩ̫߹Ůǰػһݶ󣬱ѾǻʶƵ
ǱֲȱӣЦһ˭֪˹١
ةһ㶣үϳ˵ǻʾµλ
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ڻʾ£
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ȥһ˻ʾ£Ŷȥˣ˽С衿ةࡣ
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ùӡ뻢һһϣչʾ衣Ȼ¡
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ׯµѣ̫ӵȥҲˣʹӭˡ

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˼ܸод߰㣬˺üΣˡ
ǰǻĿڣȨʽĵûС
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ƻͨ, 衺Ͱ߹һһͬʻȣ˼Χľɫ
ߵǰ, Լļִ
, ̫ӵǬ幬ﱻȵָΪһĵ, ֻ̫Т˳ΪȵТ, һֱȺĿ, ҲӦԵᡣ
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඼˵̫ǺȾƹѪθ̫ҽҲô˵㻹˵ʲô
̫ǻگ鶼û, ôܳΪ
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ȷʵһֱŰ
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񣬼衼ȻȨȻҪѸٰһѡ
ة಻˰һۣЦݣԭǰ׼ˣѹ֮ǰNanf ΣֻЩ죬ȴûϳ
һߵĴҲӿڿޣо֮ˣȫ׼ǡͨѹ
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²ǻִվ࣬ԡˣǽӴ
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Ѹջ񣬼衵˵𣿡
໹ͷ֪ˡ
ʲôʵ𣿡
ĸأʵ
衶˶٣û֡
λʺλǶʮ꣬һһ඼ǲţֻɵɹ乬֡
صĸףҲֻ׷鵽һŮ䲻֪
վʹĬ
衿ǰˣ̾һ㶼ʮ꣬ļض
л¾һãڴӱ߳л
衵ؿ
ʵ޻˵ɴ࿪ʼѯʣӣ֪ʾټΪʲô
ɫЩ죬Ϊ޷񡣡
Բš
̾һȥ֪ǷΪۡ
Щ룬һ䣬Сˣ
࿴򰫸ӣԾأҵѣһСɳ֣Сˡ
衵ͷúϢ
ȵ衳ţӱȻƣûг
࿴ˡ
Ǿ仰˼ǣǸŮˣûнҴ
ǻкܴ
֣ʾ
೤³һŲס⣬˯˹ȥ
ʾˣٴ̫ɴȥ˰ϵ
ɮЦݣһԼһɸߵķ񣬷Ӳӣҫޱȡ
̫ĺҲЩأŷ̲סǵһμôһӣ
ŷ񣬼һʱĬ
ͬķԼ˳嫵ʱ򣬼ҲᰮݽĴ硣
˼ֲԤС
ɮԺʾ»ʱ䣬̷һ̬죬޷Ǽǧ˵ŬűµǻƶɮǰΪ»һȥԱݿ̷һףպ󹩷ڷߡ
ʲộ֮㣬ף֣衳
ֹҪˣǧ֮кհЦŵǸִŵԽĩۡ
һ뵽衾;Ϣ
ɫҲÿôཱིôӣȥʲôã
ɮ˶ʱ¿ͷ£ʾȻΪ
̫಻ͷˣָС̫ཫɮ˶죬ֱȥ
ߣһȥʾһˣ衷̾ȥһ׷񡣡
̫Ѹٰźż衺ͰȳŻʾ±ȥǱ档
ֻϽҿһۣ衾ͳ׳Ĭˡ
ѹּ˵ǿһ۱֪ˡ
ʾ´ųž޴Ҳ԰ڷС۸߻һ˸ߵķ
̫࿴һĻʵǾ̾ѣôӡ
Լ衵ĿУ޷׸ߣ״֣ȫǻƽ졣
ſڵɮ˴󸹱ţû̫ܲ˵ݣ⣬·˴棬ʾ³нӱּ⣬ȡùΪɽΪһķ񣬺ķɣǧҹͣ̾޷ݺ̬ǧɮΪ⣬νǾ˫Ľ
Ŀɿڴ
һ·˷ŭŵ˿ĭޣӽ˰⣿
ɮЦһλʩĶ񣬳״밢ǵ
ǱһĻսȭÿͬһѣûȥ
ɮ˼̶˷úùɱǧ꣬
·˷ѣҿųꡣ
Χ·۹һ֡
ɮѸǰһ˵һԣ
·˶ʱҶԣ޷ȻȺС
־磬ɫÿҲ֪ľƾȻ
ڹ׸߾޷
ǰǶȻȵ۵ּ⡣
衺ȻãѹҪ췴



25¡ɱ 
˵һҪΣ衺Ȼʳ, мģǴ
ܳţ˸ҷ, ʹǴϴ, 衵ĻҲ
󵨣ɮһ, оԼ𣬶ʱŭ, ˾һʾǰ
˵, ǰ߽Ĵ, ԾŹ|ǹʮ˽һΧס
ǱѸս, 񷢺ݣʾΧЩ, кöΣʱ׼ӭС
ԭſϷ·ǼЩҪ, ˣ᲻Զڽֵľͷߴķ϶͵
Ŵ󵨣һƿӣ³, ָ, ҿǲǷ, Ѳ췴
£ɮ˵ɴ, Щֻ, ʵѾкüûʾˣһιǰ̶ֵܶӡƽƽʱģҽűµͷҡײƭҿǲǻˣˣҰ£
Ǳԥεͻʹѡľ˲ɢ˻ʾµĴ֣ɱ
ƽﶼǱúùţżŻһ°۸ƽֵùѵѸɢɮ˼ѸٳŻʾȥţˣˣɣɣ
衴ɨһܡ
Ҳ˹Ъ˼衵ļϡ
ɴһģŭߣļʱЩʱ˫ֺʮڵأݣ£ƶɮμ£
£ģ
ԭڷĴɮһţһʱ˹ȥ
ڽ̽ͷ̽ԵİնʱҲˣһɪԴԭأٿ
ΧһƬѻȸ
ڼ빬ĵ죬żݵС͵͵ڴٹдúùӵ˶ĬĬȡԼڼ衵ʱܵһʱϳû취ֺãҲмǲɵ
ߣߵļҪĸϢȫһһѼϲԴĲ
Ҳ⣬ƽһţСպãЩĸϢֻǴɨһۡ
ôҲû뵽Ǹĵ׵Ļ
û뵽ɾȻܰϳɨһΧɢɢŵĴֺɢ͸Щģʾ˵ϣǷɵҪɱޣ˵㣬´βһ֧
ĶˣƴΪԼ⣬£ⶼŵɮ۲ʶ̩ɽʾ²޷֮ģоһΪ£
һ߿޺קεڵϵɮˣһ˹ȥ㻹
ȵ۽Ƕٻƽ𣿡衺Ȼʵ
ɵֶʱһҿ衣⣬Ҫ˱
Ȼòۣ衲ٿȥʤʾ¶ˣһƽǾһȥ
ɶʱ̱ڵأ˫Ŀ
˵գ衱㳯ŽֵͷȥȻϡ
ǱŷһЦһźд⣬ԼʾΧסκ˳룬ɣش˴ӹϹֻҪһʱҲò˶ãɵץǳˡ
ǱĻû˵꣬ɶʱӵƴŻʾڡⷿλȥ
һɨȥȺн֮ǰ·˵˳Ȼ
·ͷ亹ڳݲ壬СˣС»СͿɡ
Ҫˣ֪һִԾͻײϻʵۣ֤ⱲСĽ׿˵
һۼĴͷϵĺˣո˵һҪųţʵۻ᲻ɱ
ȻǵĲɴ˰˰ʣ£ʵ˵öԣͦе

ɵˡ
⣬Ҫ˵º͵ı׻Σʾǰ㲻ܽ⣬ҪˣأҪ˼
뵹ùĩۣµҲûȫôģΪʲôնʹޡ
񲻽ıҲĳô䣬˭⡣
ڻʾĵطʵ̫ˡ
̲סͷ뿪ֽԼĻ˻ȥһ仰ԣȻԴ
͵ʵȵһ̫ҲǽȥղŵǻЩ鲻̫˽⣬ЩʾµĶҲͱ޹ء
Ȼɼ֡
ǲ磬㽲һʵ
󷢾ǰĻʵƺģֻӣҴ󵨲һʵ۵ģʵҲʱʱһѡ
оʵƺҲûôֲԥſڣǣ˵䣿
΢Цʾ
ɢȥİľ£˹͵͵衡
һȺ˲֪һ˽
Ļʵۣʵۻ˵Ȼûн˿
ʵۺҲûôۣȻʹ͡
ʵ۳ûͦÿģ·Ҳܹ󡣡
ǸµҲÿ
վһ𣬿Żͦ䡣
΢΢һ̡
ӵĽ˲ͣϢĿһû֣󿪿ڵ˺һƣϹ˵ЩʲôأǲҪˣ
һʵ仰⣬һŭ֮°ǿأ
ľվڣ̲ס鴤
ʵ˵ЩΪ˷˴ɱʵۣһϵѵ̳
˵ھܽЩ˵ĶԻһ
һϸС˵ˣȵ۵겻ǻѹȥ޷񣿻ʵۿȵ۵׶ӣ˭֪Ժ
˽ԳĬ
ɫһ䣬û˵
һӺۼż衵˵뿪ŴЦЩüʹһС㡣ڷԣӦһЩˡ»˵ˣȻҪʱԺɴȦطһۣһ˵Ҳû˼
ﴫµĶָմʱúպãұһһȥ
󲿷һѷ伷ȥҲƼۡ
Ҳмٲһ߳˼ʵ۵˼ǿ˵Щ飿
ȥ̸ֹ
ϣЩŭδЪ
Щ棬Ūָ⣬ʲô
ôôȻ𣬰ɴһץס衵֣Щ⣬ȵ۵Ĵȴιϡ
üһһãȻֱͷ
ǿ򶨣˭Ҵȵۺ̫Ǽ̳еĻλôҵˣȻҲܲˡοȷʵܵ˲ٿ࣬ԹҲȻ
ȴԸܣԩͷծȵۺ̫Ӵ㲻ãôܽ˺ô
̲ס룬ԼĿѾ㹻á
ĩǸʱŽвңĪﱻϳ̫͢űӭǵֽ̣ĲˣΪ˾ʮټ˻һĩ۱ѹյһݣ֮
乬ģĩ۶Ҳȷʵûٸ飬Ȼûѳ뷨еǰѡ͵ܳ˸ʹѣΪĩȱ˷ǣֻӹܡųá
Ҳ޿κε飬ĵڵ˶ΪΪ󡣺οǵʱ·ȴʱڡ
ʵǺ⣬ϾԣҲһ־
֪֣Ҳνʧ
ҰＺگȵ۵ųȥһЩʫʣҲЩ飬һЩ輧ĴԺܿʼ취
ǲӡ
վڽͷǰˣһֱڶӣϾ˼óʢװĵӡ
Űеͷ¶
ÿһֶĵס
ƽĺҲܴ棬ǳǳȴһڰߣϵӡƺɲȴз
衺Ȼʶˡ
ҡ
ûй˼׼ҳԩ飬Ҳ̫˶ۣҵĵס
һС£һ¡
ַ˰һѣСˤȥ
ս衵֣Ծһ
һֳϵİһֻס֡ͷʱ򣬰ǡøһĨЦ⣬·Ԥϵ衻ץס
һɲǵĽӴ衺Ȼˡ
δĴα仯ϣʱߵͷʱ򣬻ܺһЦ·ϵ
ٴεһ£̶|бֱǿз
Ʒ
衶پһѰסͬʱǰȥ
һֻᣣͷٻͷȫûܵǽϣ
д̿ͣ洫һ
Ѫ罦
Ӷʱӵ̧ͷĽ⼱٣һ򣬴ᣵķ϶г˳ȥ

*
лҪ˵
һ䣺κηһֻҪᵽĺеʿʵˮƽðȵǸ



26¡ Ҹ飨յģ
Ѹٺϴ, ڶ֧ڴϣƣͷûܴӴϴ
ϵС, һ, ڲٶȴһ, һذ׾Уذȡ, ˼衵
ϸⰲ, 溰ɱ졣
Ҫȥ˵ǲ֪мˣҲδеĴ̿Ͷʶ, ȥ
һס죬ѹ, ˹һš
ȵĺһ
衴ߵ
Ƕûϰʲôգɱɱ, ȻȲЩ֣ȼǿһ, ϾǰϺĴ
أ
ļ֧죬еļͷľ֣ͷѾ˴ձӲľ
죬ҵĶ, ̲סԼȥԥͳɡ
һеΪֹ, ЩҲ޷˵ڡ
û취ź
С, û˿ɱ
һѴ򿪳, ȥ, Ҫһѳ
ǱѾɱۣ⻹ڵѪһѾڰˣһ˹ȥ
ЩƴΧܣᣬȥ˲ͷԶˡ
衴һС븺ˣзǶ洩صĳӣѪ
ԣӮˡ
һ˹ڻ㱨£Ρ
߽֮ı͸ż
ʶǰһס衣Ȼý񵲣һѵûײв𵽺һ
衳ذף׼ĲӺԥ˹ȥ
лϱڸ־ֲµľ飬ذױ衵ӳȥǡòĲϣܡ
ŲӣѪָ϶ȥ
Ǳɫѿǰݣжϣǹˡ
Ǹһ߳ġ
ӹŵɫ׷ױ£Ҳ֪飬ֻǡֵǼֵԲһҳӣĸҺΪ飿
ɨһ۶ˣĿ䣬˭ΣҲܺ򡣡
ع衵Щȥ
Ǹӣʵ
衳˼һ룬ƶġ
̧һʣѾӰ衶ƺΡ
ʹȺŸճҩ̫ҽԺͼһλҴ˽ϻѪϵĹٷƶȾˣƷ
ɨһܣԾĿû̫ҽҵֵˣҪǡ
ҩĵĿҩӽƲƲ죬ҩԼɣҶæúܣûпա
˫üֱҿҲûôæ
ƺҪ£ĿʱʵڲУǸҽŮҲ⣬˼ҵҽǵ˱µϿɡ
˵ҲЩ
治֪ҽŮô˹˵ۡ
ΪҲϲ߲ȵͣȺ䵭˦һ䣬һ̫ͬҽԺƷҽ㻹ֻǰƷĿ
㣡ĿŭĿӡ
˵գȺ²豭ҩ䣬ȫĿߣģ
ʱмѣллҵȶǽֻǽǡøű³ȥ˴ˡ
ĿʱĿһ¡ʱȻ̧ͷ
˵䣬ѾԶˡ
Ǳµѡӹ̫ٵ⸺𾩶ΰľٵʾ±ǣһһҪҳ
¾ûô򵥣ǲųһΣײ˴̿͡һĽҲûߣҩ˵
ºð죬衶һӣȥͺã㡣
ҪɱˣҲûҪ
⣿սӡ
⡣
˵ŻڴӴ˻
Žе
һѱסΣ͵һˣǲǹ˵㣿
ѵ䣬ַָҲëЩգϻƤʱΣܻ֪Сĵ㣿Ѫˡ
ڼ衻˲䣬ʼ
ëҪӲãȴӱŶ㿪ˡ
Ӽٽ˺ü
衺͸Ӵ۵Сۡ
һֱ޷Ļƣֳ˳ȥ
˼ǲʲôҪ˵
ЩȣҲܿ
ֻЦûнԭ
ȵˣ衲̫࣬˵һ˶һ˸עΪʲôأ
衿ģ˹ؼϢ
̫ധĦŵūţǺϲǸˣԹע˵ǽΪˣԸҪעܴ
һ㶣˼͸֮ĸѾô
衲ػ̫ʱⶼū²⣬档
ӳ˺Ъڴϣż衳ȥĽЪϢ
ȺһЩ˹æҩԼոһӹǣæһѽץ
ûз⧲ץס
һԵȣæӣ˵̫ҽǱµĸӣǿɲ
֪ȺѹסĸӣһѸӵĸëӲһ飬ѸҩƤĵطȻȡ˸ɾ޲ãһᣬȻſ䵭û˵ͷֻǲƤմˮܺá
һԵʱһ
ҽӶŹ
ԴԼõ˿ڣųȺҪϲ䡣
Ⱥԥ뿪һˡ
һֻĬĬǣɨΧˣѡɵǱߡ
סǱ·⳶
ǱæСڣ
ӳſڷȥ
ǱŸϡ
ӵȵǱ˹ֳȥ
׼Щ˼Ǳһˡ
ǱЩɱ͵ģҲС뿪ҲҪ
Ǳһǡ
˫һ·ֱ˻ʹۼŸӻҪãǱ֮£ְֻȨȡһƥŸӡ
ӴǱƣػ˷һʱͣһׯӸ
춼ˣǱûס˴ԲĹĵĶӣŵʲôҿɸ㣬ڶˣûԭͰ㿾˳ԡ
ӲͷһĵָֻǶׯӡ
Ǳ۾һУҪ˵ͼһſ˹ݣƺͳжмơ
ĪμҵС
ԥһѣڲݴŸӵȻȥ
ˡ
ǱһԺǽĸǸ͵ǵ̸
վǴ󳯻ᣬҲǻһϳ
ʹһ춼߰۶鷿Щڸϻʵۺͼ嫿˶Ĳɣÿ˶ΪԼȡĺô
ûȤҸһ飬Ҫ˵ʲôԼҲ
ºμӦмǣǱ˵Ÿȥ˳ϵׯӣһμ˹ȥˡ
ҲµˣһѱŸӣһĵжӦûȥƴɱҪǵӹȵʱ͸뷽跨췴ˡ
ֻȨż衣ĿⲻԾ䵽ĸϣڹ͹֣˭μʮ󡣡
ôãЦʵֻҪ˵Ҿ
ɱŸӣһһЧȡ
˵жȴֻŵڳĸӡβ͵ëȫըŴȥ
衣
ûüץסӣЦˣƵҽҹûһëˣҽҹ¿
ҹģ뿴ۣҸΣʱⳭд仰д֣ͳ飬һ衣Щ΢΢죬ȻҪ
ü򿪣ã
ӵ壬ϸ˼ۣǿϳϾС˵ҲʵҲơ
˵ֹӣϲѣһ˼֮ҹЪϢɴǽֹӵԺ䡭ŬĿ⼯ϡ
衣
ţڲ˼ֲԾ
ǻɣ
λǶеİɣ
ôôͣһԲϾʹ˼ꣿ
Ըʶ˺ѱͬΣۣͬԸ񣿡
衵Щ΢
һ£ֳһ֣֪ƽҲæµοϰֱǸõḶ́հһ鼴ɡ
衿һ֣Ц¡
ΪûϳַǾ䡰Ըʶ˺ѱͬΣͬۡ
ɫ˽Ц˵Ҳġһ飬ҴӶЩȡ˽ѧȵгɾһ
ʹ֮󣬼衸ɴðһסûзԼ˾ôҲȱط
̽ʵһģ
Ŷͷ
衣
ʵķһۣаı||ͼ
ڸװ֪飬ȻֹѧϰǸװ֪飬ɰģ
һֱ˯ǰ衵ڶ춼ЩԺֱڽǵϣ̫ϳųѡ
ٹٵһʽͼ衼棬ҲǼ衵ǻԺĵһδ󳯡
һǰ£ձ̿ͣġ
ǮǣºαԳһҲųУ϶μɣΣ֮ء
˱һ亹ʵʱʱһˣ˭⣿
ײʾµĽײǼҰϯ
ʤЩãԶܾ壬֣ͬкβɣ»ģǵǰʲôģοд̿ͱ㵽ʹȥǻʹд̿أѲҪ¶㵽ȥ
Ϊ׵ǮЩѪʤϷǹı°Σ
ˣ衿վˣ˵һּ⣬;ȼ֮ΪԺƷ죬̲Ʒ£ƷУξ
Ǯ˶ʱ̧ͷվڱصİȥвԾ¶Ľͼʡ
һɳĪˡ
ԣةȡ
ؼҡҡ飬μҷµһУӻʾµ޽𵽿ӣӻչ»ٵ͵⣬μҲյĴɱһ£֤ɽ
жŽӣϳĵһ죬ͼ֤һĻ
ж˫ȲЩٴѪ㣬ǣ
֤̫óжƱضûС
ЩȦ輧յ飬ļȫû
ɱġж뷴Ȼ˶ԱĻ޵ĳԼŵĴ
һֱϰȵ۵ĿݺͺжæⱼҲûнǵ͵ˡ
ûʲô
жòƴץһݣ£ף¿ʧȥټϳѾˮȥ¿ķϣĹμҡ
˵Ҳݺᡣ
ĵڹТڼʮңȵΣŽ˻Լ
Ϊδ֮棬衸츳
жѪָż衵ⲻܣݺŤȵͼ㡪
ȵôΣ
ǱΪվڸеĵöԱ²
ѪĽһָӿ£ڵϹˣǡжűߣŵɫ
жʹѪϴӶָ£ԭʹҲ˻ȥ
Ȼжţǲͳж·ȥһȵۣʾǱȥȻ˵ڶּ⣬μгңһɹѺٰɶμ˷ֿ
ةͷһݣ̲סӡ
ʮȥԽӭһɱϵĵ
ٹ׷Ӧǣʱû˸Һͼһ

*
лҪ˵
öӪҺм



27¡ ǵ
˳, ǱٴС
Ҫߣٴһ顣
Ǳͷȷʵȳȥ², ٹһʱ, ֻ, µʱұɡ
ô٣ҲЩ棬ҲӰķ͡
θȥ, ټһ, ȷûȫҪĸλ͵ļλһֻʣǱȻ˵Ҫߡ
Ȼ, ⡢ش֧֧ļ˱ص飬ϷŹκй¶ٵˡ
ǱⲻΪڲ, Ҳ֪ҪķѶã˵Ҫһꡭ
Ҳ, ˵ϣҲ, ֻ̫ཫ׼õĻƽ
衵ǸˣȻ㲻ҪְķͣҾ׼һЩĶҲϡ
֮⣬һƥ
׼Ǳ̫鷳, ̫ധĦ, ͸ɴ, , Ҳ·
뿪һ, ǱǰеͬţҲпѡ
СôҪˣһԵ˸пѣһָպһ
֣Ȼ㣬ʵǹȥ
Ǳ˵ļ򣬡ϻָһˣһܼӹٽ
Ӵаǵš
ۼʱˣǱŷɫλڣ
һ˦ޣԶȥ
ŵģ˼ĽаְȨαĸԼ·
ǳ˾ȥٽأǱһСլԺȻȥƹȾƣ˳ʹһţسﶼЩ竹Ӹ硣
ĭɣҪ˵ңҿǮģŮ绨񡭡
ǱһߴôŮɫ
ǱôȤʱСûɫ|¥ĺҪˣλ﹫ӿ˵ˣ˭Ȼ߲ˮء
ǱֺǺһЦҵҪȥʶʶλﵽεĹɫ㡣
УʹʲôɫûС
Դ֪ϻʵΪλʺ飬ǱͶЩԶ֮ɫͷһѵʥ˳ϲҡ
ãǱصУͷ˯ռȥƹݣƹ˲ȥ弣ٻҸģϴϢ
ʮºһͬȥ˴¥
ﱧ˸ű¶ĹǱͷȥȥȥҽǳǸġ
ǱһĺɰеǮƾʲôϼң
ʱһĸҹӸˣ߻˺üˡ
ǱҿǸ﹫Ҳô񶼻ûָǵˣɫҪǺãҲǮҪǲã¥ҽ춼ܸˡ
ʱһǱ˵֪֪¥жˣүĹӸҲżةҲӹ¥ĹȥɵǲҪˣ
Ǳ﹫ˣҲ£ҵǲţЩүһ¥æ
﹫仰ʱһЦȥǸҽѵ˵ҵҪͷжӲ
ߵļֶʱͳ˹ȥУǾżС
͵ûЦ绨ż˺ѣǲҪ£ͽӣټˣ
Ǳоһ´һˣĵȻ﹫߳塣
﹫ɫһһףʱʶߵ˵죬ڻߡ
һʾ깫ôҲȥκڴ¥£ȻүŹǡ
ǱһЦѸײǼСˣ嵽﹫ߣץסļ磬ֳؿڻ裬һȭǸ竹Ӹ磬ץң
ۡ﹫һѪʹ
Ǳһ㶣ˣôˣ˵߹Ǵһ
⼸µĻʳ̫ãľҲʢ
ǱŵۼΧԽԽ࣬ȥӲˡ
ǣɽȥȹ˼գٴαӴȥׯϣҡš
վס˽˵ׯӣɲܴĵطһ裬Ҫ˽ֱӴȥ
ǱɻһˣȻ߰ͷҿɲµģͶǵģ
һ㶣յǸǿɶһ䣬˭ģ
ǱȻιӣжҲٽҲ졪
˶ʱĻˣ֪ˣϽ졣

˶һ˹ȻǱ߽ȥϸ˵˵
Ǳ̾Դμұ֮Ҿ͸оϣȥõˮص﹫ӣΪһ˼ճһҾȻͨˣõ˻ǽҪץնס
һϸϸۣû뵽ĺ֣ǱŶľģ
ǱҲЩٵĳι˵ԸΪЧӺɷ򣬱͸ýΰҵƽ¡
Ҳû˵ŻǲţֻǴȥһӡ
Ѿһλ˵ǣϸϸ鿴Ǳ·ǱٽԼȥĹ£Ϊ̰٣˰һһ飬ĸȫڵԼҲֻԶμˣмֽ顣
μڶҲû취ϡ
ٲϢԻڰСʱ¶һĨЦݣӭǸᣬһͬŬȡոɵʵۡ
ǱЩźֱ췴һսɱš
ݽˣҪʵ췴ǻõ
ô˵˹Ϊʵ۲һеĻοǱ֧֣պʧ
Ǳݺݵ˵ͷ˵ļ򣬡е
㵽㹻ϢЩ˵ڡ
˶ʱһģЩˤſ¡
Ҫոǿʵ̫٣Ҫ˴ͷ󡭡
˶һЦ¶ٵЦ⡣
Ҳ֪ˣεĴɱǸ֯ģǱվ˲ˡ
ĿģǴɱʵۣȻܸıĿǰľ
˻㱨üͦϡ棬ͦ뷨
һģɱôЩ̰Ҳ˳ɱһɱҲ鷳ɰǳˡ
ѵڻңž޵ģ
һԵ̲亹乣ıھ⵽˭Σ
Ҳûţʮ߸µļңǰǰɱʮƷϵĴ󳼣һʱ䣬Űɫ䡢Ұ𵴡
μҺôҲ˶ʮ꣬ǵҲ˲٣ܶԱæŲȥԼ֤ݣȡԼҲμҵĺ󳾣ϾҲûٸμ
ͬʱҲæճĹְæŸϵ£µĹϵγµϵ
ʤæˣ˰˻˲ᣬ˻ʮ֣Լ̣Ū飬·ɱˣⱲ޵ģ̰
̰ҲͰˣ̰˹⡣
ǸʱʤЩϢ
֪ȵۻӹҲû뵽ܻӹϡ
֪̣ȥһ˻ʾ£Щʾµɮˡ
ȽϱԵɮ˵һС
еĻʾɮ˶ӦӦĶ뺣ǴҳǵɮݣûУ
Ǹٵɮˡ
ص·ȫ˶ǵץ٣
ж뺣ҲС
ޱ飬εľ鱳һ飬һֲܲ
ۼǰɮ֧֧ᣬزмٺ»ȴְãˣȥĵһķ˶ٺ»ȥѺԺծծ͵һūȥһ˭ɮ·뺣¹ԱһɵǼᣬҪ֡
Ǯ˶ʱЩסǲ̫ˣҲΪȣֶβֱ̫
ľ־ǸһģƽҲûٸ
ˣǮ˲ˣظϢȨƨֻҪ衲ʣµ㴦á
ȻλǮ˵֣Ҳ˵һ˵Ҳ
Ǯһ㶣ǣҡ
ֱӲǮ˵ø첲ӽ
ееɮˣЩ޹أǿԷŹ
ɮһǺöʣѾʼҧЩǷЩжôܶôңͼ˼ԼС
ΧĻԱһ˱ⱻȡߵĻƽж٣һǰĴвԾ¶塣
ԶԶߣֹţϢ
ôǸŮˣ
Ҷġ
ǻʼҹķ緶
ķĵһ⣬Ĵһѱһᣬסɵ֣ʦǾ˰ɣ
ٶĽӣҲҪС
ɲҰˮ
̵֪ʱ͸о
㱼䣬ƺˣǶʱ˵ӡҲǹȥĶȵⷽһϲоľǷֻҪͷΪһ񣬱һֻҪֺ˱£ʾ¾ܼȥĸ
УʲôУ˺ѷεغ

*
лҪ˵
ǱŬзӪ



28¡ ͷҲ
Щû, æŸϻʵۺͼˡ
ϻʵǰ߾УҲҪᣬʹҲûϻʵ۵, ϾЩ˶λʺɱò, Ǽߡ
˵٣衲ɷһ䡣
̫վԶһЩ, һΪѵֵļʮˣȫѡѡ, ǹٻ˼ҵĹûûֵĹŮһʮ, ⶼǴѡӣ񶼹ǳ, ǳ¶
衣
ôˣô˯ģ
κμѾɽ˹ײ, ĿǰҲû취ش⡣
̫ҲһĿǰ̫ʮ߸檸̫ӿ, Щǻ֪
ة࣬ҲûЩС·ϡֻ֪ټ˲ٹŮ, ΪػҲͼ˶ѣⲻ󣬾һֹˣԼûסҲڼõԵʡ
Ҳױ¶Ȼһ, 嫺ô̫, ȵ龹Ȼسһٶ檣ǻʼҪҪˡ
衰˰ü, Щ˶ͣ
̫ԼĪʮߵ, ڹҲԼˡȻź̫, û֣Ҳø̫ţڹʵʵŮ
衱鲻ԣ̫ѸٲЩ˶̫ģҲǵԸǵΪ׷ٻԼͬģҲԼܡ
̫԰û˵
Ǻγˡ
Щã˭ûѡʱûҪ˰һϡ
һüˣڻʹҪΪһദһҹ˱ȹ޿ǳͷҲδ̫
Ȼ֪ǾͲҪ֪衵Ȱһǣʱʣٵȸһأͷǳޣÿ˸һݼױǹĲԼԸҲԸױҲԼպþС
ֹ̫̲סĦ⣬ǲϲ˿һЩҪҪҲѧԴҲ̡̫
̫㶿ż衣ʴȡ
أǲպҪƹŷ
衵ҲԼ˶£δҪȷʵûټɵ̫ƣ㵱Ҳǰһѣ룬ҲȸТһʱ䣬˷޵ˣбİҲСЩ̫ӵļҲˣˣҲ̫ż
뿪㣬ʹӣҪڼᲱϵ
̫ʱɴۡ
̫ɺһ̵ңôܸļޣڹؾˣ̫ӵ檣˹㲻ܳȥġ
ôͲУֻǵ̳ܲģ̫ܵˣŮҲҪ֣ҿеûš
̫û˵ûǲãֻǲȻλȻһҹݣԥſڣ£ҿɷȥһ
ݱ̫Ҫ꣬ҲҴҼ˼棬޹Ľ
ԣѸͬˣׯϣóȥ
̫һ㶡
ֻ˵ݵ÷˹Ʒ£һŮ֮볯ãȻ󲨣ˣӦţ
ԥŵ̫ٳǰ⻻ЩѣԼ裬û뵽ʱǴһ
һǳɫȹͷϴź£ȴ˸װͷڹдд
ǰվʮͷӣ㶼ָӣϽżˮȻˤ򡣼Ѿͣ¼ԶѾ͵Сݣڲݡ
̫ЩԼĲʱ򣬡ʲô
שݡʵд⣬ʵûա
̫ȿֱԼĶ䡣
ھʱҲǺպĹŮΪʲôҪЩ
ҪȦλҲЩ·ݵ£Щȥ
Χ˷׷׸ݵָӶż̫һֺۣܿջ
æµ̫ʵҴһЩҲᣬ˵ҲȥҪҴ֣
̫벻壬ֻȺһЩϵ
ͣۿ̽ʵ֪Ҹγƺ
񹤵Աңܲý̫ʵݡ
̫¶һĨĵЦ⣬˼֣ԬأԬء
˵û֪֡
ٿȻһЦת̬ȣԬˣ롣
衱Ÿӣϡ
ȥˣǰ漾дһȵ۵Ｚگæдʫһʤ̵ʾµˣںͻƤ˵ҪȫͳһɮңҲɮ̫ңһбй̶£ܵϴ󳼵żɴȥׯæŸ㽨裬˶
ǱˣϤԻҲ࣬ټȻˣһһʱ䶼˯
衽Լʶ̵һ飬ƺæµԼ顣
ˣǳɾĺ꣬ҲȥǴ̫
СףҺİһûһŸӣû뵽˻ʵۣȻôġ
оԼǸ¹ˣįڻʹ
ӴӼ衵ĻԴ̶ɨǰʮ̵ģ൱㡣
ҪɶͳɶҪʲô͵ʲô
пϣ衲òһۡ
кܶŴֲʶֽ˸̫ȶˣٽӹۣ˵ϻֱһߣ˵µģͬͻԲͬʹһŲд
ڴû
衱ʾֻҪԼһж⡣
ʴж⣬ȼ衽һԲ͡ʱ仹úܡ
ǳɣѯʵ
ĳ򣬱ʾͬ⡣
˵߾ߡ
ֵرϴγŻҪ࣬ڹſھײʤ
ʤﱧһѹģһֻӡ
ʤɫ΢ݡ
Ѹٵڻȷʵ
Ǿǲ뱩¶ˡ
ʤ̾ӣҪȥģôڳ̣ҲýԼܿ
ֱҲ׳ߣô˸ոպá
ʤһһۡ
ǷԼ衳ֻǼҲ̫Сˣôܲ㹻ѡ
ʤ̽ŵݹȥһ壬ҵܵһȦΣ
á衽ӹ壬ˬӦˡ
ߵةฮ衽һȥţȻؼҵλӸܿͳˡ
ʮ|ŵͣŻЩ棬ϸϸһۣо̾ѣۣҸȻѣһΪⱲӶѣעµһӡ
һ㶣պãǣ
ҽ档۾Բ󣬿ż衣ߣҸѣҵѣͣȥģ
Ҹĵط衵
˼һ룬Уû⡣
ֻЦȥ˸һҲݡ
ھؼЩԶĵطռǲС¥вͨǺȲ裬С̷Ҳв٣Ա˻
ϰһ߽ܵҲк̨ģߵǱ·ߣĿ˵Ҳ٣̾С
˶һȲ裬˳˵ŸָĻ⣬Ȼٲ˰ԡ
Ӷ˭ҹޣٵļҳߡ
λ˱٣ٵĸ˱ͨˡ
̸˻ϡ
˸ʵҲǺܶ໰˵ˡ
Ҳ̫㣬һץˣҲ˵á
˵ʵڸ۶ǻȦߴ棬и˿˵ˣ»ԲԲ󣬴ġâ¶治ӡ
Цĸ鳼ģһȫЩǴǶԼϵжٸԲȦ
ֻҪޱͺá
пѣһһôȵۻдϼ仰
Ҳͬĸ
ȵۺôд֣ʵһֲд
Ҳˣôʵû˵ù޽𡣡
û۾Ͳİɣȵۺþˡ
ֻҪչȣʵλŵģһͷԡ鲻Խ
衣
ĺ֪ԼЩﵽʲôλ
ۼĿ¶׹⣬Ѹٲ⻰Ҹǰ˵ġ
ĬĬ˲豭ܺãˡ
ȥ͸ʤӸЪϢˣͺͷҲˡ

*
лҪ˵
棺ֳ߳
С糡
ĳգڹԻƽҪۣҪʹ˷Խʵۼ衵뷨˽ǵĹ߷̽ǵľϵ
дԣҪαԽʵ۵ּǡ
յϢ衲ɫٽ˽ףջƽ𣬸ļһڽһ͵ڹʹ
ʵ۴ϲһֻͷֻһ
ٴһԲȦ
һ䷭꣬ȫˣһֵûС
ʵۣ
˽ĳӣ
ԣΪʲôһֶд⵽ܷһʲô



29¡ δĺ
衵ı鲻Ծ, ˿ĭȻʶһ⣬ʵ, 㲻׻ʵɣ
衳ĬƬ, ˼, ϵȻǱʵҴ㵳һԳһ
ʵʲôñģƾ, 
, ڷˣûˣҾ֪, ܺҸѣ˿϶־ͬϡҸ˵, Բվʵۣվ, ֻΪɽ¡
ʤһһʡ
ֺʣʲô㣿
衵ÿ춼ֻŻԵǰ;ѶδķҲȷ, Ҳûʲô־ֻűŬ
˫һ͵ҾǰǰиŸ磬ڵ¥һսҲУⱲҲôŬ, ֻż򵥶ա
˶ʱһļ, ־, ˵ͳһ
ͼ衶ûн¥ϵİ, ɴ¥´Ľ, һ죬һġ
ΪʲôŬأ档
գۣѾԲ²⵽
ʱţ㵹˵˵δ˻
Ȼʷ
Ȼųꡣ
衶ĸйٻ㲻˼ǲԾƮԶ
С˵ľ嫻λʱ򣬰ʤȥϣȻةಡţΪ˷μңɴཫؼʣµһᵽףؼɢɢ
ΪʤĵܵܣȻûܳʤ֮ǰ
һЦл㼪ԣҪҶʷҲ̫ˡ
ĳֻҪùãȻʲôܿ
û棬ֻǼģ˵𾩶棬ȻˣȥЩõĻǽƷĹǺĹǣֻĿǰǹТڼ䣬ٹ£ǾҪ¿ˡ
ЩȻпȥƷŮͻ߲п硣
Ѹᣬ˵
¶һҶЦݣǧҸ磬ȻҸ㣬ļƯᡣ
衵ͷüɫ裬Ҫϸһ£ͱһ¼򣬡ͼݣá
ǰ
̧ͷȥһѣԼŴгͷϻЩա
ͷֻΪҪո֣ˣƴȥλԣ¥ϵİỹпС
ͳһӣĬǰϣӺӴʱĳһ졣
ʶͷɨһľƣȻЦ˲佩Ӳĺë˲ը
ֻдĸ֣١
Աߵ컨ƣԼľƶصĲʣ˵Ĺ͢ݡ
һֽľʾϽߡ
ⶫҪǿĻˣⲻ
˵˭
ܵõӣҲǻʵ۵ĸ
ÿλãվǽ롣
Ҫô죿
ϸ衴ɫʾ⼾衸һ𣬸Ͻ·ˡ
˸ղλϣµһ裬ôң
㲻æ衽ӹ˲裬һڣ˫𣬸⡣
ݵĲ裬ǱȰ˼ζ
۾ѿֻղŶޱ䵭ġʵĸԼ衸׽ǵǶġ
㻹ߣҪҺةһؼҹӵĳ⣿в
ɫһȥʱʱһۣЩ
衹ʵƷ絽ʲôط
ͼص㣬Ը˵һȺ˱ݡдյĵطǳԱ˳ûȥһѣûʲôҪġ
ҪҲȥһ棿衹ô顣
ѹ£ҪҪ뿴˱ݲգҲԡ
ĥĥ仹û߳ŵһ䣬ЩһŲȿգˤſ¡
ûɣ
̲סߣѹ˵ֻҪùãȻʲôܿ
ʮѾ˻ʵۣͻʵһȥ¥ĸײ˻ʵ۵ĸЩ
һԵСͷԣɴȳȰӣ˵Ҫʮ꣬ʮţδܼʶء
ĵҪãؼҵӲ󣬿ҲֻܻˣĻʲôδ
˵ͷһߣϽؼңȥҴ硣
衿ԾսЩʲôգ
黭䲻˵ͨҲǿһãѧЩڽ̷˾ﻹᳪӣЦ⣬Ҫұʲô
ԺҪ̷˾ɫǲ̫á
ϣҲһڦ˵̫̷˾ķ˶ʮ꣬񲻹΢ЩͣҲͬΪ١
ȫЩҲǳ̷˾ǵʱģͲң㲻ҵĹȥͺá
תһȦŴع
Լ٣ϴַ㣬Ȼʼ١
Ӧɱϵƫƫ˼ֲζ
˼һЩ
һ㣬ͣԴϴ̣Ҿ룬һҪպÿһ죬κź
˵仰ʱĿƣȼ޾顣
ǷĿ̫ȣ·Ҫ˵ȼ衲ԾתͷһĬĬĸӡ
ܵһݱذһݴɱ񣬸ͷ
ؼžĻ԰Ȼһŭȡ
ʤ˵龭ʱ棡ǲǽˮ¥ҪҪõɴˣгŻˣΪΣʷӼûѧ꣬ŻԵ
Ⱦܣ޵÷ɿ죬磬ͽˡ
ʤں׷ָʹС˽¡
ڻ԰ɢط˽Ųһ٣ᰲܵҪܵСèﲻͣţԹԣҾȥѵŵĲТӡ
Ѵܵһ٣ʤ̾ôõĻᣬôץסֺһЩҲõδˡ
ͷ磬ΪѣԲд˳Ҳ˵һǰ뷨
ˣ粻ᱻ´ɣ
ۼʤɺ޲ðˣԾ졣
׵ܵôһѣʤΣڶȥʹ
衵ǸºͣЦ£ؽţ˵˼仰Ҳϵġ
Ҫرʤˡ
ʤ֪˻ûţӦУµݡ
ãʤҲ˵۵飬Ƕڲ²µ˼ŬҪôд
Ҳð죬ÿۣͬʱдϽҸȦһ˽
жǰɣѡҲԡ
ʤά沿飬ɱܲһһֲдɣ񻹿˵¸Ī⣬δܻкҪհµּѧϰµι֮
ѧˣֱ׵
֮ѧϰιҲԶˡ
ʤ
һѸٸĿڣ˭˵δһֲдֻǸһӦڣ֮ʽʼۡ
ʤٸοȥдһݵ½ѧȡñھͽõֺʷͳͳ֪
Ҫ֪ΪȥĶ̶ʤ˵õ˾޴ĺôڳ˳˳ˮҲ˳Īѹ
Ҫ֪ʵ۲ѧһֲʶĶ̶Իᱻϼǧ꣬ӦҲбʧְˡ
æµͷöòŸϽ¸
ǵãһ򵥵ķӡ衱ŸӣȻû취ѧϰǵ֣ǿ԰ҵѧϰдְԺڵͨȫϳȫҳõдҲһˡ
ϤˣҲáޡ֣ǹȥִӰ졣
ôһ֣
ȣЩԼóȻԼḻľǡ
˵ˣŴһֶôӣִԸӼҲʷ뵽衸ֱ׳
ֻҪƻɹaǵĺ鷨ҡ
˭˵ĿʶֱЦ
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ʤţ˵øĸꣿ
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˵Ҳ˵ˣǻʵۡƾʲôһѧɴҲһѧǸڴҽ
˵ǰ㣬佱ʤشˣŵڣΣӦý㡣
ʤ
˵ˣˡ
ھʹǹ٣
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齭׼õ̲סǰ£򲻿ɰÿһ嶼֮ѡѡȻĸõĹ޷ͨһʱҲ޷Ӧ
ûϵӦ˾ͲҪǿ󣬳Ҳһ˵پһοԣҲǶƣȫ壬µ˲˱ɸֶϣЩ˽һҲá
֣
ݵĬĬˡ
ûĻɢֱҪ˵ˣ뿪ҪĸдһҪоݣĸļ򵥷Ҫ֮󽻸ة죬ʤЭ
ϢͨĴ֪ˣսʤڻظ֮ȥ˻ʹһˣѸסŵ·Ҳ׷׳ȥ
ʤɺһΪһƷ٣һһεõǿҹעջ˶Ĳ
ؼʱ̣ة࿿ףλȲҪĸܺúøģδҲǧţҵȻҲʷҲżºѡѧĻţѧĸ壬ҵȴʼɡ
ʤĬĬ룬£Ҫ壬ҪЩȫһȥ͡ˡ
̲סԼԼĥ¿Աȣ룬ôͷ¿ϻЪһЪþûЪˣ
ɣѵҪԼ׵æѪ
鷿İǰ
˵ҪĸҲȫЦ
С˵̥ߵ˼·ԽڹŴ飬ӽҪҲߣĳɿ͹ˣıҲпա
̽ȺĽ飬ôһݵĻᣬȵʱóԼĸĸ﷽һٰѿ̳ȥ
æŰ＾ۣȫǿֱ߲ˣ̽ٷһߣһݣɨ˼ۣ˼֣ʣֶĵȱ첲ȣҲЭ
衽ӹɨһۣʱ̡
ܲЭ𣿿ִʹôʱ䣬ѵõϿɡ
˲٣ɴͷβһЩʶĿ尸ޱ죬дķ֡
Ҳûκεӡǡ
ԡ
ǸԽŮŮڹˣ
ǣô۸ݽʹ鷿ģ


30¡ ǾͰƳ
ɫ, ʱʶԾʲôõĵطҪҪҡ
á衴ĻдĲ, ̫ˡ
һ۳, ȫĺ֮, ǲ鷳ȥһȥдۣ־, óȥһһ
Ǻģ˿ֱߵ, ʣһûп
ٷһ˵ĽеĻڵ, Ҳٽе۷һ顣
ԣԼ顣
衷, ֿ
˵湤˧Ҳò, İĳУæµ, ͡
ϰߴһ£һʱ򣬲ȴĴڸСȺиۡ
ÿλͷܿǡ
Ȼ̧ͷϲҷ֡
ûüջĿ, öӡ
Ļһֹס, ¶һĨǳЦ, ̹Ȼӭϼ衵ӡ
衵Щ, һ, ҳȥߡ
˵һ䣬һѳһߵĸӣ첽߳鷿
衳ȥҲæµ㣬쵽жٸۣ̫μǵδǴġ
ĽȴеĿܶϣһƾնģҲȷ;ǻʹֳ˲ӡ
衳˼Ƭ̣Ǿʹա
Ȼ˲¶棬Ǿ͵ΪֹҲɡ
Զƫҡȣ漾ҩ
һչȥСһأԸŶʮ׽ȥӴһС죬ùֻʱ͵ȥ۵ȥѾָĵط
һĨЦл
лֻ㵱ˣȻ֮ˣȻһ㣬ԸݻĻδҲܹϺӣ빬ΪΪҲѡ
˵ԼҲ˵ȥ
ΪһֱҲܵһ䣬ȴ᲻뿪
̾Ϊ֮˾Ͷ˲Ҹչʱ򣬾Ͳ㱻׵¥ֲ㱻˵ӣûˣҪңҿˣôСĶΪ
ҲûбҵĴԽŮˡ
ٴϳʱ򣬰ٹٸ⼤
⼸ʤΪ˰ԼƲϵòţӲ鴵˸ΰҵɹλ󳼵ĿӶƿ۽νĸ
̫ϳ
ٹֹۣͣպã룬߽ǵ
ףۼ˶֣ԼǾȤ
λһһۣҲȷʵõ˲õѡһõġֱһۡ
µĴ󳼲ϽǿбŰ
˭
ó鷨ϴˣʿةֻࣿĸ壿
˽ĿʤͰѲ
衲Ͷ۵˲δд֣ȷʵһһĺá
˲ը
ʲôûд֣˭Ĵƣ
С̫ཫ׼õ׺ڰƳǡð|дˡءĸ֣Խߣϵұߡ
˵֣ԽһԲһᣬĸֱʻ˷ա
ͱ仯󣬻϶йɿѭ
̧֣ۣһΪޡ
С̫ѸѰһ֧㣬˵ϡ
ة̧ͷǰĺڰ壬ипǧ
Ǯкܶ໰˵úڰϵޱȴۣպԼ벻ôõ⡣
͵͵䣬ˣҹ׼õģҪҪóȥԣ
Ǯһ˦˵ʲô˵ȥٶһΣ
ָĵĺòãôĹ٣һ۾ͿˣǶôĶˣⷽװƣҪöҵ׼
ʤ߽ʰǲ⣿ܲǱдİɣ
ǡ䵭Ҳ֪˭ۡ
ʤü˭
һܿȥһʼעż衻ڣҪŵɴԼִȻʣµҪôģҲ̣Щ̫Բ
ȼС̫ཫ¯ߣؿԼʾЩǲˡ
ŷ׷׾ѣعԭλ
Ȼˣ衵λ飬Ǳʹʩȥ˽ӽǧֵĸдͬʱֵҲҪ±롣
˱衸ɴ˰֣һЩ˸֣˷׷׶ѡ
Ǯ˸ǲҲ̫ƫˣ
³ֺ̲ǺǺة죬ҵΪةܴ¡
ةว˸룬ˣҲλˣҲЪˡ
̲һЦʹ˽ҹ˻⣬ȴ˺ü䣬ޣϺ꣡
ʤͰãһ㶼ż
ʥּ£̲಻Ҳ÷ʵĸǲһ
ǻһˣôжһ£һȨ
º󣬼衸ɴཫ۶˰鴦ѸùģϽ·ݸ磬ԼѧԺ
ͬʱҪӡһ䶯ðҲѧϰһȵ֮һʹ塣
æ˹񣬰Ҳûţһˣϵݣʼڵ¥ԼĻɫ壬˳дʫдʣı¶ôӢ䡣
ͱ磬д͵һʫͱǮ۰Ͱ˹
£²ӶΪģλϣǶԱҲĹǮ¼衲⣬صؽܵΪ¥Ǹǫѷرµǻϲʫʮףﾩķ羰νƷѧѡ
΢ɨһۣôãҲܶˣֻǲôѧѡ
һ˲гһֽס
ڵĲӶôֱ
⣬ܲҲдƣġԭҲˡһǺҲ֣
Ǯ˷˿⣬϶Աµ𾴺ͰǲӣʫҲ˸߳һȡ
ûֻǲϷʮֽܳһʫ
ʫԷĿںȻһʮʫ׾ϵһ𣬵ǡܹһ仰
ã֮
м䣬ͳͳƽʱδ˵ڵ⡣
ա
ָûüסֱӿϡ
衿ʮʫʱκˡ
ϳһ仰ϲ޴ģǽʫʣ仰˽ȥ
Ǯ˻ϲȻƶҲѧ꣬λʦѧϰڵ¥ҲСǱȰҲǿϲ١
ûע⵽һ仰ֻʶȷʵ
Ǯ˶ʱ¶һĨϲЦ⣬£ǳԸΪϾТگ볯ְΪΣ
Ρ
ˡ
ϲǰôͬʱվϳ
Ѳɰ|
ҴҸİǡǮ˺ͼ衵ǷԻ䵭٣վſڵƳ˷ǮôϵĲŻȥԲ뿼һ
Ǯ˶ʱϷ½δػαزԣ
ҲͰĻڼԷТãҲպ˻ŻֻʫҲȷʵдúãָˡ
Ǯҧָ¡
ʵǮ˺У
Ǯ˲ֱͦŭ𣬡ϷΪҳѣǰ״ˣȫƾµչ˲ŵĹְƷѧʶҪԶˣҲ׽ĸҲ°²ֱ
ָߣż衣Ϻܺã
衲ɫһۣѹסʮֽڸǺãȷʵܺá
һ⣬ܲݡ
ɫһ˲ı仯Ȼ֪ϾԼôһˡ
˵衶ûôҲûʽͶ
ҲһᣬѸٲһ䣬ȻҲ˵㲻ãҲܺá
Ǻϱأʵ
衣
ԼԼȣ
Լ˵ǰˣҲǣҪˣǵıֳֻݡ
ΰ˰üģҶúã£ǧ
ֻЦȴ̲ס룬ðá
˰ݺͼ衼棬˵Ҳʵ֣ѵ衸ϲαװԸ
衼˵ȰȻҶԣá
ָЩãȻĸоһֻ־ɬ
գգۣⷿǣͺ̫˵ҪʲôԼȥȡɣ㿪ġǸָҶһΣˣʲôĶ
Լˣ󷽡
˵ⲻһ
Ҳ֪ԼڱʲôֻǾòþ
衶ûпһ䡣
ɼȴű˵ϡ
ѹ뷨ǿ˹ģڱ˸ӣ˳ë˵ϲ˭
ϴŬҽУ
˳ëֲ֣ǣ㡣
ŭ𣬸ɴ˰һڡ
һס񽥽Σ
Ȼ϶ѸĸôǺܶ෽Ҫ֡
ŵʱ򣬼衾˸ڴӼټĽͲڳ
߹ȥʱ򣬼ȴֻֻǱŸӣ߶ѣԼں
ôˣ衰˸һѡ
һ޹ʶأҷҺûԶ
üץסȴֱǳǳһۣĳģ
εҷˣ㲻Ҫ
衴˴ӵĶӣûá
ӵɴ̶ۣż衣
ϸëȫըֱӳȥǡòСײȺĻ
ߣҩ۲ۣϸĹػ
ȺպøҩžŸӣſڣÿ衺ͰһԶ
еζȺ䵭Ҳѣǡ
ѵŸӺȸио
ʵǲЩ˵ôġ
ӵ̶͸¶ίĬĬյȺĻͼѰһ˿ů
Ⱥһץס˿棬ӱȣЩƫ֣ٳԵ㣬ҲüһˣȻԺ
ӣ
磬վǴˡ
һҺľ¥ǮѾԼͬŷӣᡣ
ȵ˲ൽˣǮ˾ٱλ˴ǰʵҪ̡
һԵѸٽӿڣǮֲؿ
Ǯ̾һŰϳΣÿնйأҵͬΪЧȴһëͷСѹͷϣʵǹЩ
˷׷׸ͣͬ˵ǲ˵
Ǯǡ
ɱ̫أÿγҶҪȥﳭҡ
ﻹҵȵĳͷ֮գ
Ǯһ˶λȨߣ˵ˣһ˿ڣ˵öԣֻǱԣ϶һ˺ñҲãԽǴѹ±Խǲ⡣
Ǯ˵һЦⷽ棬ҵ뷨ϲദȻܺͱദ꣬ҵҲƼӻӣñҲˡǳ̷˾ﶮ˵Ȥֺʵѧȵ߶飬Ȼͻ
ͬ˷׷˼ղŵ̲ס׷һ䣬Ǯϵܿ˾뷨
Ǯ˰ͷϧϷĶΪ٣û취ؾǹТŮҲ빬˼룬ĴѰѡڷһӣʵϣδ빬Ƕʱ˻ͱ¼˼档
˵
ΧǷ׷ס
Ǯ˴Ȼǽ¥ϣ
Ȼ˱µΣһѣѰ̨ϵǵĶݣպȻҪ˵û

*
лҪ˵
桤



31¡ Ŭץһ
ʱϵ, ڵ¥һѧд鷨
ԺֱǴαץһվԸˣҲϽ꣬ǰɷߵּ, п, ϵֵǸ, ҲǾһǱǿ١
¶һĨЦ, ȷʵѧ, ܲҿ޼䣬Ҳûа׷ѹȥѧϰ
һԵ˷׷׼˹ҾƶĻ԰ǰ, ѯʰ⣬õĴ𰸺Ȼ, Դܱʼ顣
Ժֶϲò
һ˲ŻáԸҲǫѷΪ˴Ӳ˿Ĳȫ֪, 㣬, ôܲ岻
Ժֶʱãˣֱ亱Уǵѧӵĵ䷶ˣӦ׷
Ժ˵ʲô, ȴһ˽, ϵ̹, ҼүǮ, Ʒ, һ
ǸǮˣǮǱ
ԺһüǰһϻԼ󣬡Ǯ˲һῴЩôпҪϣ
׼˵ǣΪҼү̹ӵʫʳָ£˴͸̹һָү壬ͽ˹ҪԽ̹ӣұ»̹ӼһҼүҲҪԽЩ̹
԰仰Ȼ̧ͷɲˡ
Ժһסˣüһۣȷм죬ӦòǼٵģְϸץһΡ
ԺֻǺܲ⣬Ϊʲô»Ϊʲôүţ
˵̵ôү˰˴ĻƣԼݲһ㣬ôԸѧӵͷ
˱ζʧòЦݣ˵Цˣôеͷ̹ӵĲ˾֪ҼүƽҲûٿ佱ܼһ棬үҲˡ
ԺָӻǮ˵ģ⾯裬ǸɴǰѶ͹ɡ
ЩΪѣǣү͵ūҲҽ֣²Сˤˡ
˵ĶԻӦãȥ
ǸָҪû
Ӧġ
˶ʱϲ̹ӣ롣
Ժֲֻܶϣ£ʱңҶȻһѡ
԰ɴԼպֽţվŰɴҸ㵱һСˣȥλǮ˺«ʲôҩ
ҲƶӵܣλǮ˿϶ϲ
һ߲Ҳʲôħ֣α
ˣڲװΪȥ˾¥Ķ¥
ǮѾȺʱʱ¶һĨϲЦ⣬̹ӣҵڼһ棬Ӣţ
ϵĹԱһ룬ϾȻҪҲֻһѧӣǾȥѰѡֻʣ˺ϡ
ɴŰߣסݣǮ˹ҸĽ͢سɾͲġ
Ǯ˹һЦ˸ϲ裬̲סͷ
ֿۣ·ǹԾͺöˣ˽Ǹǫѷ
ƱյǮҲĿһԣϵĻȹ̣ʫʸҲ˽⣬ҲǷ̸
ƹѲǮŴȣпѣϰĲӣʵĶѣϧûкʵŮ綨Ҫ޸㣬ҵĳ
ıȻѺۣЩûѾƸǮˡ
Ǯ˼Ҳ̼ûУ벼Žʫʵ͸£ТΪ١
ࡤ԰
ȻףΪʲôԺôϲǮˡ
˵ǮƹȥһСӣʾ򿪿ϲ˵ԼĹĲӱټҲڱǰΪ˵飬ҲۿͬˣһɼҲ⣬ֻǡ
˺ӣֻһָں첼ϣǼǸ
԰ʲôָߴʵֻʲô
Ǯ˼ֻſָڵľȻǸ纮Сˣĵװü
Ǯֳӣҡͷֻ̾ǣС˵дʫλģ˳ãҲĲѡ
԰Ȼŭдôôϣ
ǮǼʱ̣û԰ϵĳƺԣݵǰϧͱʶѾãڳϽ꣬ûҵȵǼƼϣֱԷԡ
һŵĹԱǷ׷̾һһ֤Բ顣
ýָƿǮˣǮ˵˼ǣ
ɻһһλǮ
Ǯ˵Ըһѣλϲѹ·
һ԰ʱкá
¶һĨЦǾͶлǮˡ
Ǹüƻ
ѹư
ҪһѴģϵݣʺȥ㡣
ֽϸ˼飬ȥ
ûãϵͷԽ˭𣬶֪񾩶˫ӡ
ϺΪķޣӦ빬Ϊ͢Ч
ʤûףǮһ嵽ЩʲôµЦЦѣҪ֪ϾǰӶǮΪģҲֻԼĲѧˣʵѧ
ϧΪ˸ӣǽе鶼ȥӵѹͲںݵ
衵һüԼ³ǸԵ뷨ֲ´󣬸ɴʹһҡ͵ǰĸۡǰֻ˵ԼڴΪЧ
ҲͶұٴдһƪʵۺɽӣӲһƪߣ¥˸⻶ϲ
˼ˣҲΪδעãһμѻǧꡣ
ޱǵ˽̲סϣѯһѵϾͱȵң
ʱ˿ǡ
һ˻ˣھͱȲЩֻ֪ѧӵİˣֻҪҲ㲻ʲô
ѵ˳ãҾͻ䣿
ֱֱд
Ȼ״ȷʵǰռƻڷչҲﲻ
Ϻͼ衸䣬أ
Ҳ֪Ĺɴһ˦ȥ
һڵҲ˵״˲ãֻ̹һ͸ºҲã״쳭ӣʱһԱȣ̹ӾͳΪΪͳ״񲻾λεĿ
ǰǰɲ
ö˵˵仰ڶﲻݱ䣬ͱˡҪŭɱ
¥˶ʱŭѣԭûôǮ˵ѧǶɵꡣ
λϺʶѾãժõ¥һͬڵ¥ͷ绨ѩ£̽ʫʸ踳ѧϰƪ£λҪϣҵҲЭһѡԺ۾ڵ¥Ȼ١
ѧǷ׷׽кá
ϣͰϵܵļҲݹȥϢǶȻվߵģһѧӶѣ¥
˵ͷǲͷ
ȤζķչԽԽ죬źò׺ĸӣдŰֵֽʵ˵Ҹ֧ϻǰ
׼㱨İһ㶣Ծ˽Ųż衵Ļش
һȳ򣬽ֽȷˣȻŤͷϸϸԼβ
Ҳԣ˳˳ӵë㣬ұԹϾͺá
һ˲䣬˼Ϊӡ
֪ԼҼûվϣǸðԼڼﻹûܳϡ
ʹ׷ţ֣ʹڲҲƽ
űҪˣԶɣԴŮ飬༾ѱתͷӳʹҲ㲻ʲô
ҲһĲѵӣҲǵδʲô취أ
۾һԼǸᣡҲһ²ż˸ᣬҲܵ˻շһʡЩĻơҵһ˵ˣֻҪһɱ衣ͿԷּǻΪۣʱ¾ǵˡ
ϵıЩûס
üһǿ롣
һ̸ͷӦ࣬˴뿪ȥࡣ
໹̺ҩ˺ǽϵļǸŮˣ
ȽϲָĶһ򵥵ǽϣ淿̸
̾ˡ
ָһһеĴ󣬡Ѿ޳ףλˣҲֲңʱǿ϶ᱻΪڻӳȥο۱¶񣬵ȷʵǴ˻ʾ¡
һ˵̲ס²ۣǸʲôᣬû˵һ֪ǸС֯ҸոհѴҵĻһ£Ǹ֯ûǮȱˣûҲôǧռ˼ɽͷɻʹ־Ҫô죬Ǿ˵ʱӦ䡣⻹췴һ˵ǲв
Ǯޱˡ޵̣ҲϣʲôûУ췴һлǧĸ췴ʷֻǾǧͷ̫ˮ
ͷܾˣ
ҴӦˡգۣ¶һĨЦ⣬ǣҲԻرȥοס˻ʹôãûʳѣɴҸץһ͹ȥ
ʵöĻҲԲ³º壬Цŵá



32¡ջ Ӧòˡ
ϻʵǰѾ޺˻, ӵˣҲᡣ
̫ӵ꣬ǿѹ˼, ڶͿʼŷҡ
Ϊ, ׯ, Ǹһ䡣
ݸһϵϤѷ뺯󷽷ׯɢ, ˳ƷһũҾƲˡ
յ뺯ʱ, ڣҲڡ
衳ʱҲʹ, ճûãؼҵĽֵ߿һڷǽ
ʶԶһ, ڵˤ˸ƨɶա
߽˸к, ׽~
̧ͷȥʱĨ˰, ̧ͷ죬һ
ⲻǺ˰û˰½գֻܿǽס
˲ֻ࣬һȳһ߹ȥҲĽݣӡ
Ҫȥһ, Ҫһ𣿡
棺
˼, תͷȥ, ׵Լǽ, ٱһٱȽϺãȸŻʵ۳ȥ, ٻá
Ҫһ飬߰ɡ
衶ʱЦˣһᳵӼȥ˻ׯ
Ŷﰡʱɲ٣ֻҪϴĽƷУȻةܴ
ЩźʱҸ绹ׯʲô裬࣬͢Ҳû취ţֻܽȥҲ֪Чô
ҲЩпһ֣϶ˡ
ȻⷽҲȷʵǿ
ʶתͷƺҸ
Щ죬һᡣ
ϾŴŮɲǿЦġһӻλҲνˣһңȥһãϾͺױ¡
ҡͷŮ֮䣬ЩţҲд塣ҸֻͦдѣҸǸر𽾰ˣֻϲ͵һҲںԷԱ䣻ӲģŮԸЩ˷ʱ䡣
˵ţѾׯϣվſڣԽӴˡ
´һǳɫȹ˺ȣڶ̸Ц˿ѷɫ
һЩ󳼵ķ˹أҲһЩİʾûؼˣڡ
ԴˣֻЦԴ˶һֻ˼ǰ
ȼߵǰʱ۾Ȼһ
գۣ䡣
ȻһЦб¶ţ⡣
ڵջɹʱ
軧վԶһִٹǽׯڣѡоǲεĻȺͳ羴ˣѾ׼ϯ
ƺˣǾʹ軧ѾϿ£ٽҵĸӹˣ˵̲סҲмĽ
Ϊؼˣȷʵõ˼ıӡôŬֻҪԶĶļ壬ˣҲȷʵġ
ׯǰûκεװΣ·ƽֱ̹ͨԶʯȫһߣȻľӣ񣬾Ҳⲻ
һԵĴŵ㲻ˣ
ԴӲҲһɣ򵥵ׯӶѣɱҲЩҲǿ˶١
ԱһЦˣҶҪǶʮȫָ㲻ζЦѡ
ԴɫӣĴСշ軧ƻݲʮ꣬δǴΪ
ɣôǸŮأ
ݵȫԼ׵ľᣬĴй䣬ԼŻׯ·ȥ
Դ˼붼òģɴͬţҲǰȥ
һȺûҲǰ衺˸档
ԼףΧľ´䡣
·Լ׿߸ŲԶľͰռλ˼ɨֵάࡣ
·שԺ䣬ԺģһԺԼӣһСֿ⣬һȦһС˵أνȸСȫﾮ
뻹һ޴Ĺ㳡㳡Ҳɾǰи̨һԻǴơ˹㳡˺üطδ޽ƻѧȡ
м軧ųõĵ·ȷ˳ͨ˵˵ЦЦԶũڹ̶ļ򽻻ƷиС̣ƷӲεƥ죬չ뷷һ壬׽˵軧ȥ湺ѡ
ﲻǸׯӣǳһ򵥵Ĵׯ
ĻׯȴǼȮͣ۱أݰСưܣ軧ƣ徫״̬ˣ·խС߰ԼʯӣֳҲͨũֻܱǰƽȱʲôҲֻܽȥ
ݿҲɸпǧµʱҽׯԭȫƵ·Ҳȫޣٻ˼ңټϷԲʮ·ƣ軧ҲסǶԸڴ˰ӡ
һʼҲм˲̫Ӧɵȵ첻©ˮӣ͸޲ȫÿ˶ܵ㹻õľסѸٵˡ
⣬ǻ˶δ̫Щ
ôשôģ
ԺӵǲҲǼΪʵˡ
ͬҲˣס˲֮ܺ࣬Ҳ̫ȣ
Χ۷׷ס
λȺ߳ϸ̨¥λһͬǰϲ
Ȼһ
¥Ѳ˵˲ᣬڴ棬˴ϼٹ룬ҶשҤһķǧҪڡĻû˵꣬һƬȻ
˵٣ûɣǧֹɣ
⻹ҽǲǰ˲Ϻôǵ¥Ӧòڹ˵ٻɣ
ǧ޺ٻݼô·
λǲţ˲⣬ǹҲı֪ҼȻҿڣȻ㹻˽š
̵ȻܽϾһطСģ⻨˲١
̨侲ش˵⣬żὫ˵ӲóսȺı£żҲЩ˴ֲʶҲѧòãҲ㲻壬ɴؼ
мȤζõʼУ¥Ƿ׷׽кãǵһ˵ϵĴŭӡ
˵ұߣȴұ̨³нͷӶˣһĨϤӰ
Լ֣Ҳ󷽷վŰȻһЦвԾ¶͡

мֲڣ⻹һڼǰôչԼƢ
ɿ衶˵ͷеϲֿʼӣⳡ򵥵ıۣ˸̨
ϹȻһ㣬̾ѣķûʤˡ
Ͼĵ¥ʤѾĥ˶ʫʵȰ񳹵ָĸҲ֪ʲôʱæµꡣ
ȷʵһ㣬ҲͬұԼһ棬û뵽˲ڣȴׯϺż
ۣ۾ȻһӣϺͰ棬ҲվϣԲԣҲرϲϾؼŵڣҶĶҲر
߽İŲһ٣̲סۡ
˵衻ϲ϶һЩ
ҲΪϳ
ƽʱҲȷʵûҪһ档
˿̣Լƽ﹫ж෱æ
̹ӣ˷ܸкڼżһ㣬ܼһ档
¶һĨ׼΢ЦҲش˵㡣
ҲͰ˸кĬαװֻԷѡ
Ȼһ䣬֮ǰԼ˵˰׵̵֪֪
ʶ˿ܣûע⣬Сǻʹİ˻úܣҪ㣬ǧҪСǱߵɵˡ
˵ƽѾ֪ˣϴײĻʵĸǰ
Цã֪ˣл
ʱӿˣлӦõġ
衣
ȵǱߵȥ뿪
ûסһ䣬Ǹ绹ϣ
пҸһթϾͲһˣǫǫӣȻǲƭˣҲҸ˵ġ
һϧ棬ӦңԺٳţҲǧ˴
ɵӣĲˡ
棺
Ǽ򵥽ʱѾߵ̨룬ɨһɱֻɵĴ󳼣ͶмֲмķǣٿվԶĹǶŷԼվ羴ĵ軧жȻһɺ׳־
µʱҲдʷ
ȻףݵĻﵹǼΪͣһһɣϷһݣ顣Ҳл񣬿⸴ӣֲ
º׳ʮڣҽԽزƹׯƣҪԽնӣ
ò˵Ĵ󵨣ԴһȴתͷһƲСĿһڽǵϵӰȻӾ硣
߽˵˹ŮֻδĹӦ
һ˿ԥȻɢȥԴһЦקͬһѣߣȥһŮ
ʵ˹Ůֻһأ
ޱ飺ĩֻۣơ
Ϊ
ҵ⻰ԣһԵ̲ס죬޵£˵ö֮Ρο
οʲôһ˼һۣߴ١
ҡͷ̾϶˵
ֻЦû˵
Ҳϳɵӵݣ̽·
Ǽͷ󺹣ڻһѣǱ߳Աģ
ãҲд⡣ҽܵռͣǼּͬͣʡ
衵ͷˡ
ʣӦǸˣͼͱQųˡ
ׯͰź˸ϯѻ߶һС
ǾʹƴҲ˾Ʋˡ
ʶ飬ҲûʲôعҼɴཫӣֻǰ̾ͼʽ飬˵˹ؼ㣬Ҽޱ䣬ֶȥҵøܣҿ˵ˣһգ˳ʱ򣬻ﻹŶҩعӣΪԴ£ӦΣ
ûףãȻҪ¶ˣǲӦñ٣
٣ǣʲô٣ŭǹʵۻͬʤ˵죬ŵʱ̫¶ڶʤҩʹʬ𼣣棬ҲؼˣؼһὲҾֳ飬Ҫô
˵󣬻űȡ
ԼоԵİաһСӣؼҵİѱֻҪ˵ȥһ֣͸ֱӱϢҲҪһؼҵ汳
ʲô澪ˡ
Цһ֤֤ȷ䣬ɲܵġؼҵİɾҪʤˣҪҲߣֻҪһ£Ҿͽ֤㡣
Ŀɿڴ޲ԭʧ
Ϣʶ˼һۣѸٰת¶ߡ
ҲûȥʵһѣڸԼС
֪ôܻ࣬
˵ҩƿɣͦͳһɫҩƿ
һ㶣ʶԣûҾ˵ˣҹʤһƿҩҹˣҩǽĴ˶ԡ
¶һĨЦݣҲ԰ɣô
ʻȻ̧ͷһߵһۡ
һߵŭ仰ɴж˼ʵ°ͣȻҩƿҩȫ˽ȥ
ʵСҪһ߷ɳȥ
ʵɴۣƴźҪҩ³
ҵǽ죬ϣףû£ģȥϢ˰ɣãʰʤˡһȣӳȥ
һ仰Ƕ˵ġ
ãҲżȥ㡣
еķߺкֻΪڹ⳰ɱԸ⣬Ϊˡ
ʵǽ
¶ģһҪȥ˵࣬һɫ
һɪɪȵ˳ȥСʵºñ£ȻЯҩ
衶ʱⲻǶҩҩͺͷġ
Ⱥõƿ͸
һڷ񡣡Ϊʲô˵ҩж
衵Ϊҩģڷģ̫ҽҩʱҲҩһ㶾ԣھͲҪӦҲˡɣ
˵ȺҲͦϲоҩš
Ҳȷˡ
ĬĬ˻ȥ

*
лҪ˵
衣->ŬԵ->ˣ˰ɣ



33¡ ѵҪ棬ͺˣ
Ϊ˱ʾԼʵйػ, ɴϣӸ棬Լһָ, ˳Ц棺һòã
ۿ˼ʵ³, ˵, ʱ͵صͷӦ˵ʲôá
ʲҽһ, Ѹٱ, Ȼ˵ϳȥ
ʴе衣Ҳǰҹˣ壬ԽңǱ, 㵱ȻҪңҶȱ, ʲôȵλ
ʱһмֳɡ
Ϸ, ٶȵҲ⣬Ҳ, Ǻȶ˾źҲΪ֮Ǿʹˡ
ֳôĶ׷׿˹
Ѿ˹ؼۣʱͷ󺹡
ôׯɢһײЩ£
⣿
ҪҪȥݼһ
, ཻϢ
衷еĲ豭, ˵ö, ȷʵø⡣
ʿϲ, Ҳ¶һĨЦ, 豭ֱӿϣһ죺ˣżȥ٣ھԩ˵״浱ӣ˵Ӻʤֳ̫¶̫ҽԺλ̫ҽһȥú̸üʰ̫ùҩһΣ׻᲻ᵱȥԲͰʣҲ˿Ӻͳ͢سǸʲô³
ʶʱˣ˲ԼĶȣ˵ûҪԩûҪ״ӣң衣£Ҳ˵ˣҡ
Ƕ죬ѸٰϳȥС
衿һۣö˵˲붮͸ȥ
Ҳ뿴ʲô֤ݣȻв¡
ֵ˶ʱۣʲô
ڿˣƽյºֻǱ󣬵ǻʱɱһΣݵģ´˸˵ֻʾǰ֮
ҲûȤ˵һЩϻһ䡰Ǽֱӳׯӣȥ˾Ÿ
ĿɿڴŴŷͿȥһɵؼҶӣתɵۣ޲ͷأȥǸҪھٵԼʹһ١
漰˻ʵۡؼҡԼ̫ҽԺÿһﲻ𣬿ĿǰӾλΰǰʵۻԵ
ǰʬһ㱻ϹļʣɱĶˡҪʣʵܺȻ
ˣãһ˦䣬ҧгݣھ󣡡
ֵİռǰһȺ˿ֲ´˵»漰ʵۺ󣬸һǰά֣ǰ̫δܵԼĿ
ʤȺ˴ĿǰڸϹ·ϡ
Ϊվ˹ϣԭѾԹȥֱһˮѣŭΧˡ
٣ܱ߻мѧӣһͬ񡣰ȵҵŴ£ԸΪЧ
ããҲǱ淽ҲҪһʦұ绤֪˭⣿
ǰһԸΪһ硣
ѧҲ׷ױʾԸһָӡ
õ˼衵ϿɣҲߵ˹ϣΧİռˣո磬Ͳ
ȵ߽ȥ衵ɫųһ֧־Χ˽ȣһɳң
ЩôԩС˵Ⱥ˵죬Ҳû޹
İѶ̣ɿ״ʦ֤ݣݽţݣٴٱ棬ֻ󣬽᰸ܶసҲòžԳš
̴ʡԣżʣһľľºˣкԩ
ǻңǱ＾ʣձǵӵ壬ȴ𾴡
ǵģ˵ռͣǼּͬͣʡʱףû˵ԼݣҺͱûȻĻ֪ҡ
ô˵ɱ¶˵˴ҵȡʸⲻģ衷֪ݲô
Ա²һȶģԽɣӦôǱʴȣ˷
ŭǣݺһµ棬Ѳһøл
һ¾ľྲ
֣ǡô˼ʽĻ
ڰտֵ۹£Ŀİ齲һ飬صἰʤʱӻʹ˶ҩְҹ͵͵ҩƿ飬ƬԼԺ
ĭɣ˲ԼĶȣ˵ܽ´ʣҪʤ⣬ΪʲôҪ飬ҹ͵͵ҩⶫȻǼù⣡иһƬ˳͵ҽ̽ŵ֪һƿҩ
İջûüۣͼһ۵ʤŭ崩ȺߵǰԼ̫ҽõҩѵԼ
Ⱥ߻̫ҽԺԺˡ
ˣǷ׷·ʤ߽ȥӼ
ʤӱߣټϼһȣֻڹϣ⼤ͷ㵹˵ΪʲôҪӻʹһƿҩҩǸ˭ģ
ʤʱ˵ˡ
Ⱥ˰ôһ£䵭ҩģøʤ̫ӵ̫ҽԺԺģ޹ء
̫ҽԺҲһ߳ԸͣʱȺʸΪ̫ӿһжһЩϴȥܲ˵ʵȺһ͵˳жֱӱ˰ɣ
ץסƿҩϷš
ȺֻЩĪҸ˿ʲôҩҵ£ѲԺҪÿ˵ҩҪ˻㱨һ
ʤ̲סˣŭҩȥԴϵģѵҪ棬ͺˣſԣҲñ֪͵͵ҩƿˣԼԺôͲУһǰҹҵģǸ˵˭ҩҲҪˣҲ͵ҵĶ
ʳɵۣⲻܡ
ⷬİպôЦ
ü˳ʤſ
üһ˵˵ȥȻ
ڳ͢ҲףһСľͺˡ
ۣûͺô񿴲ӣ
ǲǴżٷ
ʤ⣬ţҧǼٷѾͷˡ
﷭ȥѼ˺ü顣
İռ͢Աƽ׽ˣشˣС˼ﻹƫͺǧҪ伲ҽ
󼸸ֲϻص˶ˡ
Χİշ׷׽кá
شˣͺͷʲôټͷҲ
ûµģشˣǺܲ
ʤһ룬¸㲻ҪʷᣬҪʷỹͺͷ¸Ͳˣ
ȺһһץһţΥߵն
ؼҵˣݵׯ£֣һ̲ˡ
һ֧һǧ˵ľѾ˽ȽҲʱ·̾Ϳɵִһֲ
˲ϽкãߺӢŭҳӡ
ӵӣԡذգϣδܹ̺塢̩񰲣ϣӲЩСˣһܳźõķչ
Щ˵ǸԼݣЩãȻЩ޴롣
һ˿õϷԼҲҪϷĴ
룬ȻǻõĵҲŬЩΪ˵棬ùȨƽȹɣһϣ½ǡ
ҲҪһЩӣδѿ

*
лҪ˵
дˣ͵ɡ
žǼһȽҪ̬ת䣬ĸϿ磬ǵżܡˣڵӵٽϿԼݡ
ǿһԴĩ۵ݣһͶһ㣬ǾС
Ͷľϣ֮袡
ǶģҲỹһ㹻Բõδ



34¡ γܲ
, ĳʤͷȥڽܵԷŭӺѸջ, ָһ, ɫ걻ԭԳ, ô֤볡, ֤أ
ʻجج̧ͷ, ǰ֤أ
ӵſֵȺͼֱϴǸϵ, Щ˵˻֧
֤أ
Ⱥ, м粻۵͵͵ȥ
ףʾסǼ, ֻҪмߣһһ顣
Ҫƭ, ǺңʺȻ򣬴£ûжģǱˣǸ˵Ҫȥı£˵ҪΪ񡣡
Ŀ⺮, һ, žֵ, ԭѳϴ, ﳯ͢󳼡ײ, Դ˻ҳ٣Чȡ
Χİշ׷׽кã˰ѳֻ̼ɣתص㣬¡
ֿɿ͢ȥź棬ַ׷ɢȥֻǲ⻹ںΧͬղŵĻ⡣
ԺۣԲڶ࣬Ȼܴ¹ټش˺̫ҽԺ̫ҽҲڣһ
Ȳۣ·ʺ񣬼ȻʻҪ´һȣǸɴఴɷճײ´ã飬һҲ˾ͺã޻˵ˡ
ʤŭδЦһȻͺͷҩҲð죬ͷˣٰҩĨȥ
ʤĻû˵꣬ʱѪȺǰһͳЯ룬Ѹٲȥü˼һ΢ж
̫ҽԺԺҲͷϿۡ
߹ȥ½˰ҩ˽ȥ
˶٣ⲻ󡣡Ⱥ롣
ЦЦһƿȫȥˡ
Ⱥû£ˡ
Ҳ¼Ѫѡ
˵ȺҲмֺ棬ȥҩڷЧȻҲǷʱ̫˵㣬ⷽ滹øһ
Ȼˣʤֻ˦ȥ˳žԼĴܵܡʱ䱦͢Ҳ࣬ȥš
Ⱥæʵҩԣż̫ҽԺԺ̽һ˫۵㲻̫һ£ɴһ˷˼ʵһߣһһҸԲ롢š
̫ҽԺԺΪβ˿̫żĥѨλȺΪζѸ٣ܵʱ䣬ɴ佫ɸӣѣڵĸܡ
ԺôҲֻܽһ̫ҽԼ
衽ʱ򣬵ûŵ˭ֻһߵİü¼ⷭһ飬ȻݸѺ
ż衽ʦүƴקž䣬񡣾ʶҲˣҴ񣬱亹ֳˣ£˻š
ʸոѹˣֱȺˡ
ɨ˵ϵһۣӰѺ
ʱˣ˰ס֣˺ӡָһȻڻѺֽһ£ȷӡ
Ѻֽӹ̧ͷ衣ȥ
áԼ˰£¿Ⱥ룬
ûöãȺдһҩֵݸһСˣȥץҩҩҩٶȰѼѣҩȥ
ʱ䣬衾ں;죬Ӿмּ壬ΰٵÿӶˡ
ͷ󺹣ʾ֭ЩݣޱʱԼû͵ڷܴԶЩ
ʵ󣬼衵˵ͷúôǳ԰׷ģʵʲô
˲侫ˣ£֞ɡ
ܱʵ֪֣˲õĽ
Ⱥæ꣬衸ɴһͬعʣҲȴȥʡ
ϲ뿪ЩȻõģҪǲǼ֣һò͵ˡ
ʹ衲Ÿûã
ֵʱһ£Ǹʹ͵ʾµĵܵܡ
衵
̫Ҹ֪⣬˹̵ɣȡһ֭Ͼ岻ãҲʺϺȲ衣
衺˸кЩˣ
˵˾Ȼֻ֮ǷԸ̫ҽԺú̫ź⣬ҲȥһΡ
Ҫ񣬼衼ΣЩæˣұҲЩͺá
ԣǳǳһЦЦҲЩл¡
衲ԾغͼȽһź򶨣һһ򶨣Ծ͸Сˡ
̽ŵҪǲ⣬Խл֣жҲԡ
С֡
衵ͷһ
һ·ģ衼಻̫ҿڣԼһ⣬Ϻһ·ģ˵Լĸӣ˵ιʳԽԽѣԽԽ첻֪棬ϲ
ЩС
ЩȣƽΪУֲú壬ƽҲͰ۸Ҫǳü졣
͵Ҹ˼СߣȽϲңұ㰴뷨һ¡
ңҲŻرһǻʵ۸ĺ޷ģֻܻһЩʱ侫ߡ
ҪһƣЦǸöȻҲڰϡ
ҲͷӦãʱ͸͹
˵ʱ򣬼˹ֻۣʹڸ˲٣ԭĻ״ʹҲʧˡ
ڽĵذϣ߶
ĬĬһۣĮתĿ⡣
һۣ£Ц֮ǰ˵޵Ļ壿̫Ӽ嫻ֶ
Ѽʸ£Ҳ֪ЩﶼЩʲô
ɫҰףͷڲٸԼͷ£ҵĴҲΪ˹ңΪ˻ңŵ´һΡ
衷̵Ϊ˹Ұô˽ǲӦøٸ
䲻֪ʲôҲµ˶дģشȻԽˣȻӦΪ£ϾȥҲ˹ұӣӦԴΪԼʥĹȻǵáοȻ˴ǱǴԴ˵
衶ʱ࣬⻰ʵޱ˳
ʹ˲Լ棬ֻĨᣬ£ҵҲ޿κΣʵ࣬ҵҲάųıˣƭ
ǹֱûмӶ
üԵǻδӹ˰ԴҲһ糣δйκδ֣ʹ͹һΡңҲǧׯǻֶһػӹ
衲òпܼΪʲô˵ЩٱҵˣԸ֪жڻ˶ޱԹ
ʿۼܸ࣬оԼ£ԳŴãѾС˶һǿӡ
СҸֶ˵ôѣʵЩίϾȵڵʱÿʹ;Բֹôһ㡣
ǵĶԻģϾˡ
ʱ䣬ȥ˽ȵӦ͵ˣóҵҲˣץĶץˣҲҪˡ
ʶʱɵۣ££һ˵ĴҼûϵǵѾЩƽպ͵ͼԱöˣûӲùⶼϹ˵ġ
ͺˣ
룬ֲʲôˣҲûЩôƫƫһԲ˶Բ°յģȻҪ
˼֣˽ģνҪԼ˽ķŵԼܲ˵ĸ߶ȣڱеտڱɱָŴһһΪͷϴԼұλΣ
ȻԲԼ
Ѿ죬ȥ
£ڴǶץˣڲ˲ᣬһЩ˳⣬Ӧû֪Ϣֻһء
衵ͷ꽫˲תҲӦеĴͳͳУ˱㲻ңǸʲôʲôŻҵҡײƭ⣬ٿǣ˶˽ȥЩһɱΪ񡣡
̫æЩ£ȻһһԸȥ
˻ʵ֮󣬳͢˲ȣҲóαּ̫࣬ƽʱġҲһ
Ҳ࣬ЦнЩˣȻԸģ¼ʵּ
衰Ĳյ˵Լƻɹ£ؼҶ棬Ҳʵ˶ҩĿǰǱʹǡ÷ѰһھͨʹܵԸԸԼһѣͬƷʵۡ
衻ⰴᣬھʡǻľʮλӵܵһѰ˽żС͹ȥĸܵĵַԼھסַǰ
źˣ͵ˡ
η뿪ˣȻŻʹĶ
ЩΪ½ȻҪһֵ飬ȻҲ֪˼ʱŹʵ飬ҲȻ˻ԣżòơ
ʵϣ˶Ϊ¼ù⣬Բö˵ԾܿȺ뼸ˣһֱܵȥö˶ûǣȻͱץ˸š
ʮʮλӵܣץʮˡ
ԥЩͳͳһ飬ǻѺЩֱӹ֮ڣϵڴ֮ͥۡ
ϣЩ˸ɴնȫš
ҲĳЩϳķιӣһֿʼ롣
£ԹТιЩ岮ȴ޹ץʵ˲
£ŹЩҵĺӣдǸһеգ޹ġ
ʵż̫ԻԣΪİΣܵд̣ʵǸЩС
Щ˶һˣ˻ͷףǿǻȵۣ衿ͷ̫ĪĿ
ϳԽԽģԽǾü˻һǻɱ󳼣ɱ˳жμңҶŹнɱľƣһ뱻ţһС뱻ɱһС뱻Ϊ񣬸ɸɾҲһʲ乫
ҶˣûסʵۣǵδҲΣڵϦ
ǿһʱһ仰û˵ֻۣһԲȦ͡Ȼ˻Ƿһ̵Ļһ裬ȻһСߣȥãɹ̫̫»˯
ֱˣһϳ̲סƤһô˹ȥ
ȺԱߴã˸ɴǰһѨϣȻóۣ䵭װΡ
̫ˣҲȣ˻š
һߵϳ۾Ҫ𣬡˵
ԱҽѧʱȺʱüûУ
ɴһǸϳʹѨϣϳֱУһƿȺ
ֹۣ𣿡
ϳǿ޵ĸˣе볯ײȥȵ۰ϳ׷ˡ
ҲеϳƳةܾ룬ֻ˵Լˣһһ޵ÿ죬ҪôоλʵȨҪôǹλҪƺҲûôǷ·ڿµĲľ
Уײһ˲һѣ衵Ȼô᲻ңǱɴȥš
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ޣӴ乬ߵʹɲЩ϶ǯƵģ
ȻôȵۣôɴȥȪ֮¸
Χָûٴż衣衼漾Сߣ˵Ǹġ
һķĺһСľתΪһСٰһ£һС춹Զ
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衺˸ӣԼ΢װһ£Ѻ춹ƵСȻһ¡
ǽϣǶһԶ
ӶװѾǲ
Ҳ˻ˡ
ϾֻľƣҪ򣬻Ҫ㹻ļٶȣ˵ʵЩѡ
ﲻԾж뷨ֻʵǱ
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ʱΧѾɨ
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󣿡ȷʵС˵㣬һʼûͣȷʵһŵġ
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ЩãȻЩ𾪣ˣҪ
սϱ㲻㰵һЩʲô
δǣڲҲˣеֲļѡ
ԡЩȷ
衵̹Ҳżֻһ²⣬Աɡ
߻ԼĹȫĶУ˼Ҫôüû
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溮Ҳһ̡
ĬƬ̣Σ˵ǻ֣Ǹóлֵ飻ǱıˣҲòܽȥɱ֡
Ǳڶ߲ķԣĻһ
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λӹЦȻһʣⲻ£ڻʹĹʵ۵ĵܵܣǿȵ۵ĵӣѪԵʵӡ
ӦˣԱ˺Ｑʵ
ӵȻͶԻʵ۲Ը˳Ҹᡣ
Ǳŭ̲ס롣
ͱ־ȳģ˶Բµ£Ҳնɱǡ

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ܽһ£ͷ
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#˭Ե#
#˭ĶԲ#



35¡ ·ֵԼ
衳Ĭ鱨, һʱеꡣ
⡭
ϴμ衾һЩı䣬Լ衸ɴ˽ȸ˲˲, ټһ̫, ٶɸ鹬, һĹŮÿطԼ֡
ȸҲǼǰĸ, Ͷ, ȵۡʺͼ嫵ȫȥʹɸɾĳЩ⡢Ĺ, ûκ
Դʶѵļ츳֮󣬼Ҳĵ, յ̫๬Ůߣרű, Է⡣
һͱ˵㲻˵Ķ
˵, ŮҼߵǸŮװ˵ٱ˵˳ϣӴҵ﷭˺üӦеĽ˳Ŵң˸ᰲڻʹѡ˼͢ǡ
̫ɫѿ, ūΪ๫Ǹõ, ˺ü˹ȥ, Ҫ֪, һ˱, ūѴ̡
΢̾˿̹˵ֱڶȷൽǲ֮һ
С˵ȷʵôһõĺмү籾ϣһֻ첲ȡ
𣬿ȥߣ˵С
ع衵ȱٵȵȣѶʵſһЩؿǼĻᡣ
Ĵ⣬ȻúðѶĴҲǱȡż衵뷨ҲúðѼ衲õɡ
衷鱨飬ȡΰѸһ򾡡
쿴ǱQˡ
̫鱨С˳ȥ
ĲС΢Щźֻܰ˵ܹܵ|С||ݣȻ󽻸Ĺ飬Դзˡ
˰ѸӣСȻҾʹӱ˹ؿ·BOSS
ͷû
Ȼ֪תƵǶôΣյݣճ򿨣һЦ֡
໹Ӵкӵݹȥһ̡
д£˳ѯΣļ䣬ͼֽһݣؼɣ衻ȥʹ͡
ȵˣ衷ͼֽһ飬ؼݻ̲סпһҲ̫ƭˡ
һɾ͸жûС
ԼĳԴ࿴ű棬Щ꣬Ҳ̫úˣȻǽܷܵϣžͶҡ
ȥӣϧڡ
ֻǵúҲãҲҪСģûʵ۱˸ƭˡ
ҪȣȻҪѡֵġԼϵõġ
˵澫һ񣬡Ҹ˵ˣһԼź͸ĸ߲һΣһЩҪ⣬ȻһŮдʲôҲǽ˹ȥҲͬˣ˵ǵʱǸʿһһ棬Ǿץסᣬһ򾡡
áͷ
Դͱ潻Ҳֻһӡȫݣߣתˡ
鷿衺ܿյµ鱨¶һĨЦ⣬̫ػġȵʱǾͽһ򾡡
оھá
̫Ҳ¶һĨЦݣ·ģūȥš
ӵ̶۲ԾãȻоЩѣܾãԼССԴôӵ⡭
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ΡĹĬھ룬ΧŻʹĹȦӸݾʹԶ֣ؼұǾʹĸ֮ۡһ
İǸ԰ҵΪһŵڵظȴڷƮҡ֮ʡ
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ȵڶϳʱةȻоǰһڣվԭãŽָ֪
Ƚ࣬ȥ̫ҽԺ̫ҽһ·̫ҽԺԺͼ衶֪˴Ϣ
ةҲоԼЩʣԴһΣҲûоܾĺ⣬ݼһ죬Ƚ̫ҽԼ뿪ҩЩٻ
̫ҽԺԺȴһôõϢةʹˣ˥ߣƽ۹ȲŻˣҲӦϢˡ
زҲжֻоʱѶ
ʤةĴ齱ߣ̫ҽԺԺѵ÷Żżְ󣬡ܲܿʲôҩ
̫ҽԺԺдһķӣһ٣ʱҩɣҩЧٺãҲҪϢһ򲻿ɵġ
ة౾Ҳû˯ţʤģһһûأ޸ƨ
ʤǿһЦԺˣ˵һע⡣
ةʱЦˣʱƣѵӣ㻹֪֪㻹
ԽԽġ
ʤû㡣
ةҲûĴȥ᲻ãֻʤļ磬룬˶һ죬οֻˣ϶ܻʮꡣ
ǻʮ꣬ͷҲôܶһһ졣
طڴ齱ߣة֣˸ϢҲãҲܾûú˵ˡ
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ةЦŵͷ
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ةȴãԸˣҲδáʤƾĲĴʶ
ٵʤǰ;Ҳηδ
ة̧ͷ򶫷ǻʹڵĵطĵֻǡ
ة࣬Ҳˣһӭǵ档
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衿ǰλͷ׵ˣҲЩл
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ة˷˺ͶӣΪԼûźһҲǴݣɿ衵ʱֲò̾һֻϧҲڳ϶վꡣ
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źԼ岻ãٳһʱ䣬ҲźΪʲôǻꡣ
ȴԤһ죬Ҳ׼
С˵λǰ꣬ةֱȥϣʤϣؼҾʹɢĩۼλΧƵӶ࣬Ҳûةˡ
ʤ˳׳ɳȴҲˣԽҲݡ
񣬼ʹֵλҲı飬ةɲɱ⣬ֻú鷢ѡ
˭ҵλãةǿӣȥ߶ųϵõĴ󳼣ȴ־ǸиԵȱ㣬˽̫أ̫ƫƣֻóԼһ
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ة˳ŷȥʤվԭأ̾У̫ˣҲ٣޷ڣҲ
ٹʮ꣬ʤʸ
衰˸ӣƤõװãҪͷة໹ռλãһʱ뻻һة࣬ͽʤٵһꡣ
衽ӹֳ룬һԼţһȻֿʤҽ˵ãȵδةƶȹҪġ
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㹻ջҲҪгա
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޿޲ɣӦˣةú壬̫ģһҩģȥ
Ұλʤ˻ʹ֮󣬼衿𣿡
ҡͷⲻҪ
ָմ˵ˮеĳ֣ڸƣѡȡһ󳼣ͬݣʤռһڸ׸λãǱةʵʺϡ
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㸺𶽲ٹ٣ȨԹԱְţһ񵥶һ㱨Ϊε㡣
ұ֤ʤʮһգҲұ֤ԭ˺ڲᶯҡȨҪһȨҪи
ʼվãǿôļһı䡣
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ЦЦû˵
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㡣
˵󣬰ԾʧԣԸ˵
ü衶ãڳϣƷȴ˶̣Щηģľ
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оԼļһƮɣƺҪϯء
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ʱ߹ôˣ
һСӶһڣ衽ӹ⿴һۣǲô⡣
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ûˣֻǸոһۣ衵ָһС㣬Ųء
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ʮϽ̨չżһݺᡣ
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ûбĩȣǱһɹӳ乬ǻʺ󣬼ѾߺףǻʺĻ䣬ȥһ̣õ
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36¡ ЩŮҪ
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ǰʱʱͽȰʧˣﷴѸˣԭҪϵĳԾ, ǵ, ı, һؼˡ
ü㣬һ˿ʼЩϳĹְ, 衱, ԭȻĿ޶ƽ
衶ŰЦҪɱһ˸ƣ㲻ɱӺ
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ةˣʵ
ڻԣ˵ϳ㲻ҪģЩһةò׼ȥѯة࣬ܰ׵
衵˼ȴԾƮԶ
ԭѾҪС˵ݣةĲ¼¡
ĩ۵ľɱ, ̫඾ɱ
ةȥϢ, , ҲԲ̫, ǾͲᱻ̫඾ɱ
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Ҳ֪ЩС˵жǿ
ãģѾԸˡ
Ǽǣҵݣϡ
˵Ц䣬С̫ͨ£ˡ
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ԼλãĹġ
ݽʱ򣬿ҲڣһۣȻż񣬵һۣѾе伮ԼеĴ䰤˿ҲǼǣԤʼһ蹤̡
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齭ֵ۵ӲԴһҵĹôֲǹܣѾ˻ʼңôͷ¶棡ⶪĿɲֹҵ棬ʼҵҲŶˣ
ֻǶżһݣԼǣǳС£ҲΪı
ӼĹԱЦһ˵˵ȥΪŮҲ棬㲻Ϊ̫عѰɣûЩŮֱȳѾǿĿǰҲֻڶΪ̫˵޴ӷ򣬷ТѲǻŰ˸ӻȥټޣ
ѹ£Щ߼
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ûлҲˣôܲΪԼŮһΡʲôҲνôһͷܳתһתɢһɢġ
ǵȲг֣Щ㲻⣬ʥּдҲˣҲֻ£ɲЩġ
ة޿κΣִ֣þƻһſһżһݣ£񳯳ģЩŮӻҳ١
ѧʤˣʮŮӾܻҳ٣Щǲ̫ûã
ԭ˶ʱˡ
衵˼·⿪Ľ֣ٻһҲʲôˡ
ɨĳӣǸݣҲǴӾƷб׼ȻܽȻҲλ͡
ΪЩŮӾͷŵͱ׼ҲΪŮӾ͹ڿ̡
衼Ϊ׵һҪһţ޳ȫǣȱ֮ʱ˲ŸòһһΪȡ
ةҹ˻⣬һ£ϱ߾ۣ˵Ĺģ߾Ӵ
衸пԽм˵ģǰôע⵽ԾϢҲǲˡ
߾࣬ҲȷʵȥһЩ衵˾ôһ˰ɡ
ةһ㶣˭
Ӧ̫˳
衺ԥˣҲ˸
ԼĶʲôһȺ༷ةƲѸٴСˡ
л磬ǵ⣬˹˫۷·ܷˣһֱԼĸ׺ͼˣϧȥһۡ
ô꣬ǷҲͬĸŮǷ˳佫֮ңҲ˽һЩǷ˼ԼļˣҲӧǷһϡ
衴ȣΪΣҲôǵעⰲȫͺá
Ҳԥò
ǱΨһһƹϹսˡڱ߽ʱҲӪﲿﻮӶࡣ
ϾرȥףĻع֮·ӲɱѪ·
ȻѼظôͳȥҲƻɳĻᡣ衱Ҳһȥһ۵Ļᣬʲô̶ȣ㿴Լ
ֹǳӳң衲ֹЩ̸۳֮󣬾İǳԱû¸ɣҲ̸һ̸´¡
ȻҪ˵š
˵ÿڸվڲΪҽͱµ⣬ǰ棬ŮˣҲʲô£Ȣһסҵϱǲһ׮ôҵòʲôЩŮعҲǰ׳Թҵٺ»Щ飬Ǹá
µİջͰôӵĽ׷׽кãʾһȥô¡
Ƶʼҵ˵һЩҲֻǻʼҵļҳͲһˣǿǻʵ۵ãĽ֦Ҷ룬ҪǴ̵ʿʵ۸Ұ͵սһֻʵ۵ӣ
µİսͷӶ
˵ˣܱȵù𣿡
˵˰ɣôܽҪȨģŸȥôΣյĵط
ԭʼҹҲһΪǾֻҪڻʹԳԺȺȡ
ŴģԼ͵ع˺ü裬ȻĴӺȥǡײ˴ߵİ
۾һɤӵ̹ӡ
æ
̾һҲˣǱһҾˡ
ð˵žһ顣Ǽ衾ǳиȾϲ죬ɴ͸һƷ٣ͬĲݣŰ졣
Ȼ衵ԭǣۡ
Ĩ񾩳ǵİգ˶ҲϤÿ˵ȥǱһȺྣϺʲô˵
ûķͷûĵҲûĶųָָ㣬Ͼǡּ족
˵濴̹أ
¶һĨЦ⣬ȥ¥ʹдһգΪǵׯ֣ҲҪ׼
治¶ĽҪġ
ÿ졭
ĿԶûЪãײ˼衡
衶Ȼɢ˰ɣ첻ʺ죬Ҹɺǻؼҡ
ŶС¶Ӧ
İѾʼˣعӣأ
ˣһ˻ȥ
衴ʮ˴ֱֵߵһҿջ
ջƹͷӭſ˽˶¥ᣬȻҴ¥
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衻֣ǾϹɣ
衴һӣ汣һССľͲľͲڲ龵Ƭ
ǼĹŴ桰Զֵƣﱣһֻʣµһֻϡ
Զ͸Զһլȥ
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Ҳű棬ЦŴ˸кȻ߽լ
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Ҳı֣õİһ
լڲǱŸҪǶ£ǾͼҪǲ£Ǿͳǡ
ӴϲпѣԴǣǸһȡ˳ЧԺҶȻ͡
ǱɫƳһ۲ˮӦ¡
浹һЩεҩ⻹ǹȥ̫ҽԺŮҽõġ

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37¡Ϲ ʲô飿
һһԺ, һݣһݰˣӴ߲һǱ, ǵ
Ӹ, ڲ˺ʮ, һֵ˺üӣԼĪһٸ, Ҫ¼˼ֱ׾١
Ǳļ, ЩֻΪǿʱҸʹɫ, Ͱһ飬һǸࡣ
ǱӦ, ԾƳӵĲӣѾ˼Ҫô, 죬ģ
ҲڸмԼ, Щ˲ҲжˡˣǣԿ䣬Ѿװףһ˾ܰǴſ¡
ӸоһЩ, ۾Ŀأ
ǱԴ, ֪, , , ҪʾأܲܶɣҸӱȽϸߣۡ
ӸоԼؿһŻѪǿװһģЦŵʵҲ㰫ֻѰ˶Ҫࡣ
Ǳ߰˳ߣҲ߳ࡣκվһ˵ĶԱȾһҡ
뵽æкǱ¡
ǱҲסҴҪӣҲʹվŸá
Ӹ˵Щʲô洫һ󼱴ٵ
ϴˣݸĶϲ˻ѹɤӵľˡ
һ˿ϲ⣬æֱӣֽ·ںãŬݣ
Ǳ¶ֱӣϷ˵ģҲ̫ӡ
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һۣȿڣˡ
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ʱӻʾﱻȳһֱţֻбͷβѡ
뼾£Ҳűߡ
λǣƤһ
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Щۣüʵǲ񻰣Ȼʱ򻹴ŮԱߵ˸ʹ˸ӣ
ӻȻ򣬡ԣӣ㲻Ҫϲ裬С
͵زһš
ӶʱѺָͨ˻ȥҲϲ衣
Ǳ۾һͷͻѲԼ
ǰһŲȸϣȻֵһ棬ָӵϵ˼һݲ衣
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Ǳı˲佩Ӳ
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Ǳû취ɴԼЦŵȥһ¸衣
ԱߴԲЩ꣬ҺΪ˺ӣžܽ˿
ӻô˵ֻܹһЦ˵Ҳһӣϣһ֪֪ȵˡ
Ǳ˽óȥ裬ٳ˲ļӽȥһɺҩô󷽷˽ȥ
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ڼһģǱʱϲ죬ˣϡ
Ǳȸ浹һ裬ú÷ŵǰȻǰǱȲߣٸҲϡ
һѱأѱƿҲ̫ˣþˮѵ֪Ů˲裿
ϵЦҲЩҲסˡ
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ôôɺҩܲ˷ˡ
лֵܣ˫۷һڴӦˡ
˫Ľʽʼ
ջԶһ٣ոǸˣӰܾһ졣
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ԣǼҪԸֻǸҪɱࣿǵôģ
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С˵ڲôӹ
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һ򿪿
ôӣڱصݸҲɴԴ˹Ӵ˺ӣȻӺһѵƬɢ

ģޱѪɫ
ݸӶһ٣ˣȴ沦һѵƬɳֱֱĲӡʱӣһѳӹȥ
ݸŲӣѪݣڵ
Աߵæ壬ӭͷһѵ
ǱһѿȥȻһŽ߿ֻü򵥲鿴һΧĻûü˵ͼһӺɹ
ԱߵеĻֻܵսľڽ³˴򶷵ڻҡ
ӻͳõİ¿أһ֧|Ѹ
Ǳӵֵһѽ|ϣЩɲ
ϴźôľ
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ЦǱⱲҪأôܸЩͷǱһԽѼץ˵
ཫһƣԼڽʼ
ĹٱԽԽܣڷߵĶ˷ܺķ־ܣˣ
治ףֲĻˡ
𣿷޺޲ŷ氲װĵƬѾˣֻӶȥӲ豭ͼƻǱĽ·ߡ
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һһ¡
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Ǳͬʱ˭Լˣ
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ͷãȻ˿, µʿҲͷǰ壬ͷ̲סʵпʲô᣿ǲͦĬġ
⻰˵, ͬ
ͬǶδѸٽӿڷӦ
Ǳ˫ֳų, , Ѿǰӵȣ߷Ҫܳȥķ, 㿪豭һ, Լɹļ֧
ҧ侲Žļ֧Ӧó﷢䡣ЯĶҲ࣬뷢֮, ʣľЩˡ
ϳǣߺǿ, һЭ£
Ǳ㿪һ֧, Цһλ, Ҳǵͷ̧ͷ䲻ǽˣҲûٺʹҹ£ʲôˣ֪ܲҷ˼Ļ죬Ƚ, ٽɱʵ顣
Сӳͷ, Ǳ˵е
һָԱߵľ, ͱ˹, Žһ, Ŷǰ˴˿Ϊҵ֤Ͼдһż͵
Ҳŵͷ֤˻٣ȣȷʵյţλҲָ˾ϡ
ִһʣԣΧ˼æȰܣȰǸֿˣôͣ
һǱϿڻʹ׵ܵܣһǰԶԱо֮ǰɽ
ͽСӳһۣϧ
ôùĹ٣ǡɽͽ¶񱻱ѡһվӣҲû˭ˡ
ɫǿʶ߹żպ|ǱǼɵ
ʵһûСǱͷмΪǻױǺƭȥ
߽ʱ򣬸պþ⼸仰ʣǲҪ췴𣿡

ڸ
鶼ƽϢֻʣﻹڳ֣衱ɴˣײôһĻ
ɫ԰ףȥ֣ѵ㲻ң
ŭǱڱǡ
ǱŭװҪԴݺҡҴ˴Ǳᣬû뵽㡣
ͣͣͣ衱˸ƣȻǸɴҲˣɴһţ顣֤Ǻ޹أǲδ췴ȻὫǷų
衿棬ֿǱ̽ˣǸأ
СӳҲ֪ΪΣǰȥץ˵ʱЩ˶ɺҩȫ˵ϡ
ߵԶǰ鿴Χˣ̾þɵİ⿴ӣһԷ˲룬ŽЩһԷŵ
衽ЩۼһԼеͼϣʣ¶ģǸһˬʵǱ𣿷ŰģǸȥСĵܵ
Ĩ˰ѺоԼλãöʮ꣬òӲͷƤһ䣬£ҪΣ
衳ĬƬ̣⡣һ⣬Ϊ𣿵ڶ⣬ǾöԷ췴𣿡
ǱɤŴȵȻΪ£ҳ֮ǰ㱨˰˵ڲõα·Ȼ췴Ƽˣó˻ʹĵͼǸ졣
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Ҳ˭ϣһ̰ʮ꣬ûʲôϷղǡ
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ǲ˵ı棬ӦþǴԽŮɡ
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¿ɱʲôҳҶ̴̼ˡ
ĬΣ̾һǲƣ̰ɡ
Цһ䣬Ϳ衴ſ߽ʵ˵˭أô˭мӣ
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衸ţ˼ֻعͷԾ˵ģ޲ʲôɱ֮ˣڱ˵лҲᵱû

ȼԶˣ֣ᣬ˵ûУ
뱻ͷҺͱŵĴ󳼣ԼһＴķܸоԼǰ;
һͬ
գ֡
ԽԽࡣ
һŮϣлҷϴˣҺûɿڣ׼ǣһ棬ٱӱ£µ˴ץס˷֮ǰɱ˳жһˣ·ĺӹܶһֱôӢȥԸһӳիΪɽ
Աõשʦ̫ʱһץס񸾵֣Ծ˵ɱ˭ⲻܣ
յλʺľʦ̫
õͿޣĥòȥŷֵֻʣ֣ϡԱϳȥݣϸָҲͱڱôֲڲ
񸾶ʱҪƿʲôӽ£ûˣҿɸ㣬ı¿ɲ̰īμҪǸңҾȥ٣
ʦ̫ɴۣ˵˭
µ䣬һ֪ġ񸾰ŭǻ㶼顣
Աߵʦ̫Ǹ񸾵Ǹٶžʦ̫˵ˣ˼˼ȥ򾭣ú÷ʡԼĹ
ʦ̫ʱ죬ͫﲻԾ¶ֺ⣬Ť

*
лҪ˵
ְ淬⣬ģ飬һ֣ӰĶ
#ɱƪ#
ߣ衡粡ءݡʤǱȺࡢ桢嫡˵ȡ
ڶ࣬ʹΪۻҰ棬һȫ˽衣
ϣվ棬һؿˡ
٣ۣۣ˻ȷݡ
ݵཻۣ񣬸˶һ߱Ȼơ
ٲɫ˼һۣٴظۡ
衳Դ˯粱ü¼
˻Ӧ
ֻõɱˡ
ָ嫣ݻԥ
ٴߴٵͳһ
˻ûü룬ݿΧһɴҲָ˼嫡
٣ۡ
٣Ůۡ
Ⱥۡ
ָ嫣ŮףһƿҩһƿҩˣҪҪʹöҩ𣿡
ȺԥҡͷЩȤɴཫĶҩһߵǱ
پˣûֹ
ǱĿڶһŸѲȻӣ죩Ȼһʹöҩơ
ٱͷŮۡ
ٵԤԼۡ
衻Լĵƣۡ
ޱ飺ԤԼңҪ˭ݣ
оԤԼҵƣû֤ݡ
ɨһΧоԼ߶Ǻˣÿ˶ܲԥãѡ˶Ǹʶĸ·˼ס
ٱȻһµƣʾˣԤԼۡ
Ȼۡ
٣ۡҪػ˭
ۣԥָߵļ衡
ĬĬ̾ۡ
٣ۣ״̬ǡȻһƿԿǹơ
ĿڸһȺתһȦǱ͸ܽʱмּɵ
ŷص˵ͷ
٣ˣҹ˫߷ԡ
һţǣΪʲôˣҲҪ𣿡
ӸǾ֣˭Ҫɱңֵǣǵðұ𡣡
٣Խһſʼ˳ԡ
ؿһˣεôһ˫Ů׵һҹˣҲ̫嶯˰ɣɱǸŮסһҲ٣ҲҪ̫ļȶļԡ
ʤĿϬһۣұһ˶κָӣҲʲôԤԼңԼԼ·
ǸݵƣʲôȲ˵ҵԶǿӣһȻˮһپ彲
衣ҲǸɴͶԵġûͶҲȨʵڲУҵĻҵƱҡ
粣ǸˣȻҲǣ
˲ɲĿ
Ǳɨһǰˣǰһˮĺ˰ҲԣǴ˵ãҾһźļɣһֱڸɫҲ֪ڽЩʲôһû˳Ȱǳ˰ɡ
΢ЩͷҺͱϵãôͲܽǿһ˵ҿֿ϶ǺˣǿҲ㡣ȻְҲˡ
Ⱥ䵭ое㸴ӣ񲻰չҲԣٿ档
ݿȥֻĿⲻԾڱתһȦǰһ·ˮҲ֪˭Ǿֻ˵Ǹˡ⣬ڳҲֻм衲ǺˣɡʵڲУü衵ƱңǱͼһټһ֡
ٿǰһƬҵľƣ˫
٣ѡͶ

δ


39¡ װĺ
ͥС
ھԽԽ֪, ׼ļλЦŸк
գԵһ, һ, û, ֻһˣġ
ɲ, Ų˵, ֻܳɤӣٽػؽһ飬ү, ûһ˻ʮ, ԣʮ
Ż˴ӵϴүɻַڶ, ˵ɶúúãͷӿ϶ע⡣
ʮ, ۼҪιȥԱߵϸɴһѽϴүץȻƣʮӣץס, ʹչǮ, ȥһĶ, ץĸ, һլ, שݡ
ܶգǶһӿһӣ˻һ㣬ҲûʲôǮݣҲΪݱչ⣬ÿ˵Ĳˮֻͭ塣
ϸ仰ʱ˵˹Χ˷׷׽ͷӶ۾
ҼȱǮҪȢϱҪ׼ŮҪӣҪ׼ױ
һ˾ʮӣץʮ񲻾һ
ţµǻʶƵ
ǿɱץ˰ץ˵ġܸ˵ģһҪӡԼץҲȥű٣۰æһץÿҲԵӡ
ʹˣҲȺûǵһһ׳
ҪһץģҪô֣ȱ첲ȵĺõһ𣿡
ûٹˣһ𣿲еĻ
ǲץ˻ӦṩһҼͷ
ַǷһϾѻͷĸˣ߬Լ֣Ѫ
һԵСﾪôˣ
СһۣתȥֻȺУʧ
һ˻ѯһѾʼ˳ܣȫ˵Ŭһ˼ĽֵûЩһֱҪƷʵۡ
е̳Դһڻʾ¸ͻʵ˵õʹͺ󣬾ͳױ˼衵ӵߣһæץͽ𣬶ʱԼļܵȻʮڣƺƵŽֵߵСԺȥ
ظ磬ңϴҾײһȺ˶һʮˣŹżһ˳ˣǸ˵ǿ佱̩񰲣᲻м˵̰ǱµĴǾ⡣
ԺӺܽˣĲǽ͵Ķһ䡰Ǹáݺݵ˵ͷŶܱȻһƣȻһŰ߿һͳͳǶǸ˶԰ɣ
ĭСϿεһ㶣ЦһһѵôЩ񣬻ǵ鷳
ԼĵȴЩʹĻĴɢܡ
ȴ۾һ⾪ϲǸ֤Ҳҵˣֵǣһϣ
ͨİգܸ㵽ĵҪڹٸǼһ
˴ʧɫףǰЩǵСúܣŵһȦЩ˶ܹˣô񻹸Ҵʴʡ
һȻ˲ܣֻܡ
ˡ
ۼӻŵſڳȥǻǰȻһųͷ𣬡ܿպãǧ˿ֵʮӡ
Ա߸ձ˾ˣ᲻ǺΪ˰Ʒʵ۵ôᱻ˵һ׷
ҲˣΪȻôһָǴӦǱٸץסṩһЩʵǡǡ෴
Է֯ҰһŲ飬ÿֵÿӶб漰ÿһˣһӵĴ˶֪Ϣٽسǵ˻רŰ˸͹ΪﲻһжֻǾ߸
뵱һʼæµʱЦ⣬ҲҼ˵ˣһҽȻ
ýĶˣɢʱ򣬱ҲʼЦ⣬ҼаСʦүһ񣬱Ȩץ̫ȻҲ
ҭ
ƶбֻء̧ͷĹ˭[1]
Ȱæµץˣ͢󳼸ע±Ǳͼ棬衸˭
ȻһûйΪǵĸ飬һ֣֯һ԰γᣬضͦصİɡŵǵĸҲˡ
ȻҲûһͬţһ·ܻ೰ĳԴ˲Լͬѡˣʱһͬ뼾Ǳμᡣ
ôһʼҲͰµЦһ˿ȥʤӸǣһϼƣ𾪳Ұ
ڲǧֵȫŲϣһǧӣȫŲɾׯϣиԵĵ軧Ų飬ϼץǧ࣬ʤҲŸ͢һԽձ׼ȥκ̰ī
Ψм衺Ͼġ
ҲɻΪʲôȥֽʮȥ⻹˲١
ѵΪһܼ֮ҵͬʱȺڣô
ʤǼΪˣ£ΰҲУİԺ췴˼һ¸³
ǱҲԱ߲аṩ˵ǿ˶ټЩڸĳһѲ飬СֿⷿջƽǧһڹصĶ
üŸӸëͣʵôǮ
ӸɴԼ˳ɵǰĵǰȻóƵ˼ǰ
ЦԴʾԼԡ
˵ǱЩŭȥѯһ֪ԳưǴԱֻǻûü֣ͱץˡǵ˾ߣϴѾǰǰͳ˴½ˡ
ʤ˵Цһʲôˣ棬ͶôࡣҵǾãһ֯ͶôǮģڹ˹ˮĹһǻ񣬾͵̲ǡ
˵ĹҲԽˣڣĹʢԽ̯Ϻü׵ĵĲҲԽԽ
С˵ָ֣Ĺ
۾һҲ˵Ĺ֪ߵĶ԰ɣϢûȥץʱж
Ǳһ㶣ԡ
׻׻գû⣬ûûɴȱŸͷϵ㿴Ҫ򳯳ЩǮﹻٻʮǮⶫԽԽá
ʤʱĿǿ£ˣʵϡ
һʵۿڹ⣬˭š
衳°ֲͣġ
Ǳʱ򣬡ûģǱûϵͱ¸ûйϵǮⲻˣ˭ȥµ˽⡣
ʤ鸴ӣһĹ鱬
ǾĹͼԽϵʵֱ׳˭Ǯˣûʲô֤
Ǳ˷ܵͷ˳ȥ顣
ʤû취ֻҲŹȥżʰԤһ
ŶĻ㱨ֽţʤڣΪʲôһʱԳ飬˵Լ뵱ةࡣ뿴ĳȥЪϢˣûУæµüʱ
˰Լͷ̾ȥȺһ
ĿǱʤ뿪衻Ǭ幬Լδƻ
˸ǣذʤѶðѾֻʣһˡ
衻һ£ʣµǸǣƺ߲ʱڴңҲŮһҽƾ˫Է£Χࡣ
λŮ˼򵥳һŮҽ̫ĽǲϻطҲС˵Ҳδ
ֻǼ飬ûеɹʱ
Ӽһ˳˼ҲԹߣ
һѹģǬ幬ʱѾǺʱ
衲Ծȥܾƺ࣬ɹһ䣬ƺЩǲ̫æˡ
ķ£Ҫһѷ棬ãҲæˡ
衿Ű֣ʾ¡
һۻһûĹģٿһۼ衣˹ȥ
衵ͷǡÿԿ޳ָӨй
΢ʳָָʰҪҪżټ죿úϢ
òõˣܲۻˡ
ҲػʵҾûã岻ʣҲӲţҲȥúϢ
ҪþûţʵԼ롣
ã΢ģЦǱͼ࣬ϻûʹͣϾǱûܻҪøЩ飬໹˼ҪʲôҲûңҸһְ֣ҪȵԺأæǰæ󣬴飬ǣҪʲô
ܾ衾ٴָеģҲҪУѵõĻᣬ
˼һۣ̽ʵЩЩţҺһξƬ̡
ڴӦá
̫๬ŮæµͥԺ
ǺЦȡ¯ϡ
ǰƽºͣһǳҶ㣬衺ʵƵģ
ͷ΢ĽЩûö棬ЩҶ񡣡
衲òæµô飬Ȼʱȥĥϡ
ŮǱüƣŷ£Χ˾ȥ
衵һƣǵݸ˰ٵһʾĸӷɹǲҲҪ
ӵ˵ͷԴԾ̽Ʊ
ץŸӲҶ㲻ܺȣܲס
ŤͷһѾʼƷƵİĶż衽е
ûƭ㣬ĲУ衽䣬˸һģԼ档
ƨɶż衣̲סһɵëʱһġ
ӷ֦ˡ
ǰľƣ˵ңô
СװЦ
һ˫أð
׵¹䣬ͥԺ쿪þʷ׳ʵĻϢֻһ֧һ
Ѿȼյе㿪ʼŨһڼߣǵϯ
ŰһѾЩ΢ҰķӸ̫࣬ǲʺϽˡ
ʵʲô
ͽвɡԾ
û˵ʲô
һ˵һûã˼һ
Ҳ⣬ֻµƣҲã룬Ҳż
˺һһ衼ƺ£̽һҲûʳ
ֻǺ죬ȴƻܿġ
һᣬɴ࿪ʼװ˯װΡ
Ѿ²⣬ǲ˼ڣǲҪ˯ˣ˳ˮ۵˼أ
ǳŶͷȻſϣ衱źķŻǰҲû취ֱ˯˻Ǽٵ˯ˡ
ͷƼ˯ˣĳҪҪȥ
ʱһֱĬĬƵİڶˡ
ǽԼ·˼ϣȻĬĬҲͣ˾ƣû
ֻůڣֵİܶѾԥҪҪˡ
Ƭ̣ż衿ָԾ˼衵ָ֣ż衵Ȼʮָۡ
ڣսЩȻǳǳһǣ˼衵ǡ
Ǻľ͵˿ЩãȻЩ޴룬䲻Ծˡ
衣
ȵĴдǴ͵ؼӾ磬ֻһֻС¹ײ
ģҲ˵ֻ֮Ļ͡

*
лҪ˵
ллҵӪҺǸɱûʱдҲûչǣҪٵʮ죬ҵʱдߣ
עͣ
1ƶбƹ˭



40¡û ΪʲôҪ
ƫԭλ, ¹һ
ͥԺ֪˵ĽҲˣֻһֻɶ, ޷˳ȥ, ֱĵס
ȼյ˺, һɢƺŴķҷ, ζƳ˻ζ
Ȼٶ, Ҳûɿż衵֡
ûٴЩָġż衵ü, Сע³, 繡
ʲôû˵ƺǧ
衻ڻ֮, ָƺžĶǵȶȣůһϴݹ, һʯĳļ衶оĿڷ̡
ץס֣ؽ֣뱩¶Լû˯飬ǵĹϵøӡ
ֻܱۣǿѹԼı, סƵ, κ, аˡ
޺, , Ҫȥͽ
衵˼·ûüͲǲֵָ˳ıһ·£촽Ȼȥͣ
衵ĺǡþָϡ
衻һĺڣԼΪʲôҪͷ˯ҪֱԴڸ첲ûˡ
ȻڵǣԼΪʲôҪǵȴ¶飬ɹԸ˲ãֻܽƵ
ᰴ촽ϣĿһܣȷΧˣֻһӺٴδսЩ
ٴιڼ衵ӳһǣضͣƬ̣ȻҪĽõˡ
衣
һʺź͸̾š
ҪȨǰľ̫ãڷҲأԲŻⷽŬ׷һЩȫС
Ѿ׼˽Ҫô·ȷ㹻㹻ѸٻȨλ
û׼ãԼ
ң衻جج룬ңҪô죿
뵽ƣ治Ǹö
Ѿվ˹ˣһż衻ݣ˰ǺñӲ뿪
ߺ󣬼Ѹһץס̽ͷ̽Եĸӣʵѵϲң
ץͷ
ߣһѸӣ˴Բӣ㣬ôͲһѣ
ӽһӴ˳ȥ
ȥ̫ҽԺĹ弣ϱƫСһӴ˽ȥ
ߵȺߣĳͼע⡣
Ⱥŵƣ˵ҲĿת䵭£
Ӷʱٽе
Ⱥ˼֣˵
֮ǰȺŸӴ˿ڣӺҲϲܹһһѧ˽
һֱе
һ߽УһóȻһ˵ơ
Ⱥ΢΢üЩûף˱˱£˺ܾá
Ⱥˣϸ룬ʵôˣôûʵ۱˽
ͶͱҲǵõ׿ϣ־Ӷࡣ
ңҲʲôƭľ෴ֶΣǿԿƽɽӵӢ֮
Ȼ衶ǻС
Ⱥжϣܣ¶ȻҲͬ˵ġ
Ȼʵһ£Ͱӳȥˡ
ӵͷί˼
Ⱥһӽ飬½һô˵ǱںĻ棬´飬㿴žͺá
˵ȺҲмֺ棬˭
չʾȺ
Ⱥע⵽ëɫף
Ȼһѽڶ
գ˸磬ȻȲʼۣд󳼹ʻ
Ҳ¹һˣʼõĶżʼ衼䡣
ЩѰͰ˵ʱ򲻶ɫܿĿ⣬ڼʱ򣬶˵ˡ
Щʧ䣬΢¶
Աߵûףֻôߴһˣ
ջĿ⣬ɫ
衶żɫ˵Ȳ
࿴ʱַɲ٣̲סпãԭĽŽƽ
Ǹ衵Ǹ˵Լô嶯
衼ȻѾ£㲻⣬һڽҹͼһ𿴼·
వһûǱֲֺãֻ׼һЩ׸衡
վڼ࣬һڴվ˳
ʵ̫뱩¶Լݣֱѯľƣ֪ԽΧһڹǸӣȥ껹ڵĹóȥǳء
ŭү˵ǰ߿Ҫսʱѹɽ
Ӯ˻ã˵ĻЩҪô죡Ϊ౻޳־ûˣ˾ԻϾɱܷŹǡ
׾ȷʵбҪԽ鲻׽¶һūǾԻᱻйɱ˼죬ݲ׾ͳЦ
治ȥĹŴսĲпᣬֻܰԼڵԽܷٲʢܹԽı°
뵽ĿڼᶨͼһۣǰŮɤ£Ϊһ£ƵĹ|ԼͶʯ
ǰһ׸ߵĴ͹|Լװ׸ߵͶʯĬûκװΣȥܼªѾűͼеѪ
|ûʲô˵ģվߵԶ̼Ӹǿ·ӣǷߵķŴ棬Ƶļ֧ͷҲ䱸˷Ѫİۡ
ͶʯǽִľԼŴļװģ̫ĵ֮£ܹ׿ͶʯܹһٲԶ
ǰԽͶʯ̽ʮ
ҲԺ˺üΣԵǶȣ̶ȣλá
һǶȳ㱨һͶʯҪвϣóһۣ|ͶʯһԴģ|ļ֧
һսҪĵļ֧Ŀʮǡ
衺ԥǾͶһȥһʯ
˻ûɣãȥǸĹҪһǲҪǷЩҲȥˣ֧
ؽãͼֽݸ衣ŲԾ̧ͷָŰʵЩʲô
ͷʱð˺
ղŽ̫гҪˣǰǵ
һӿڵһˣʾ㣬Һ΢һСæ㽫ּķӽǣǿӼ򵥣һֱôá
һԣ
˼
ȴʵҲ򵥣ڻˡ
еͷűЦһ£پ彲һ
һ㶣ܸоƺĲԣѾ³ݡ
̫ƽˡ
һֱæµ˳Ǭ幬ż衻
ҵȣʼղ衡
ţûлá
Ҳ⣬Ǭ幬ⰲĬĬվǣֻЩãȻ
ò׵ȵ˻衾˵ˣҪȥúϢ
һоڶ
΢ͣһ˲ֻǿż衡
衲Ծ˸ӣǲȥɣ̫˲á
Ŀƿż衣Ըô뿪ɫʮ壬ǼΣ
֪衵ô룬ţһͽһ
Ȼ޷ϵҲ롣
Ÿӵֲһ١
粼ˣЦҲʧˣ¶ѹǿҲ͹أҾȻˣϳơ
͢ôһأҪĿΪ˷ڹ͢޵ʱƹԴǲ˾
ȻҲͿԾںҪų̸ģؾԶϣҲ˲۵Ҫָһ
Χ̫๬ŮǷ׷˶䣬Ϣȴż衵ĻشҲǶԴ粵̬ȡ
衻˵ʲôֻܵҸո˼ʲôźá
ʱ۾һѾ˱һЩƣʹ̫ҽˣҲ塣
衣
׼ͦ֡
λãƱյ
ǰ˸ӣԴϣؼʱ㹻ףȻĺͰ졣
ò˵ȷʵкܶ໰ġ
¡šϢ绨ѩ£һڡ
ˣ⻻һ£ã衵һ׽С
衿Ű£ǾĶǣҲԿңһʱľ޻ֻΪò¶ĳֿ
衵ĿЩɢãʵǲЩˣ
Ȼ˾񣬡û
ҹҪǧᵹ¡

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˼˵㣬Ҫȥμһѵʱ䳤£ܻææżм٣Ҽ£ģģһд



41¡ƽ ʮʮԲ
ﾯ, װһΣڲѣһ, ;Ρ
, ˵ʲôҲ, һҪֵʱ̡
ƺֻһ䣬ȻЦŷ, ˹
衲ԾԱ߶˶, óλãҲܿ
һ㶣ɴԼŲ˹, ǰ, ƺЩˣǷң
ŬԼ, ûУոֻű𼷵㡣
մȾ, ƽʱִһЩҲûб
˵ľǲһɵľ룬ŵĵ㡣
һʱɴ൹һ, , ǿӲתƻ, ȡ
ͷ, һ¡
ü, ȾƲ̫θá
ãҼסˡӦֳ°̲ͣסʼ˯
衱ҲٸһƣЩΣҲЩ룬̫࣬δλ֪
衸ѾƵݹȥȴ̧֣α֪˯ˡ
ѹһ
ûжŸ첲ϣ˫Ŀգ˯ȥ
衻һŷ֣Ѿ˲ƣƺӣ춼ҪһЩ
ܼˣŮ̫඼ԶԶˣǸкǲŻ῿
ֻھȼգ˸ӳŹƵͼ򰵡
棬ǣα֣ȥƺЩƣ룬͸żְ
ٽ˼˯ˣһ󵨵뷨۾һ
Ժ̻볹˲侫ˣ
~
ƣǸö
˿̣ѾȫȻԼƺεĺڣڶЩƵĵ׿ֿ䡣
˷ܶʱӿͷǰˣ̲סָ˴ǡ
вֱ׳ΣһΣȨԼˣ̲ޣź֡
ȷʵЩҲûж⡣
ǻðιһźá
ϵһתתӣջ֣Σװ·
ȹ˰Σڳ˯衲վ˵չ»µ飬ɴದڶ鷢ԭǹͷ³ͷѾΧΪһ塣
衽ǰϸϸһ飬ȷ״̬ã֡
ŪˣַŻСĲŰָһ棬湻ˣֺķңﲻɸпĳҲⲻһ㶼ûзֲ档
ƽȻ԰ˣڰˣټϰҲжȣǴƽˡ
ۼʱ䲻磬Ҫӽʱ̫ŵӹʱ˵ջҪ糯ź֡
ǰƵƣѹ³Ѱ
̫Ҫˣ΢üʾ£Լǰһ§һѴᱧ𣬴󲽳ŰĿǰסĹȥ
̫ˣæŵ׷ȥС࣬һ仰˵ҰͶǱߣϱȴ޷εľ㵡
Ů̺˴衽˷ڴϣٸǺñӣ˳ٴһʱע⵽ϵһӡ
ϰ鼮ڲµķϣԹŵĵڶȴһһӣҲأһ򵥵СľУҲʲôľϣƶûе̡
ԥһ룬߹ȥСӣҿӡ
ȴ棬ֻһСҩƿ
ҩƿĻмϤ̫ҽԺȵҩȻ̫ҽЩ
ļԺв֣衺ȻͰʱ乬ǽ̷˾ˣǵһʱãָмֺףóƿҩ͸˰
ҩƿҩѾˣСϸƿȴúţûֱӴˡ
ҩƿĬȻãСĽպãŻԭȻһ۰˯û㰲ȣȥ
ȵԶˣڴϵһߴգͷסԼ
ӴӴֳ̫ҽԺ強ȥ
ȺûǴ򿪴ŸӹŸӷһĽȻϿҽƣûзȥҲûй㣬˵ˣ飬ǿͺãǧ롣
ΪȻͷ
ڶգˬȴѪ˿
ָֻ׽Űô£ûﲻ
ԾͷȶˣҹһΣҪϳЩʱ䣬ԾЪϢһᣬͺЩˡ
衵ͷǽٺһ㡣
̧ͷЩ㵣
΢ЦЦݴЩƻʮʮԲʮ£ʮҲܴЪһЪοղϳԳһЩ

ãԼƺСģ˼һ˵Ŀء
£񵹳ԼµĿӡ
ɲǣҲ᲻þܾͷֻܴӦ
д󳼷µƺгԶײ˵ۣҲûȥŻֱӿͷֶαƽ˼֡
˳衽˹Դᯣ˼࣬Ѱ˸¡
˸Բ衽˾ĵͼ̯ϣʾһ𿴡
Ҫһ򵥵ıڵͼ϶Ȧһأһ˶֮һĵ
ѡ⣬Ϊĵزã٣
Դʱˣôһأ޸Сйˡ
ˣ̽ʵ
ȵۣžֱӺߵ³ҲùܣЩҪûסûӣ͵Ϊˡ
ѽĵһǣÿ˲ݣǮͳһǵĵأʱҲǡ衵֮ڣǸٺãȻ޽ĲϸŲȥͿ
Ѹñʼ£ﰵп࣬ʱҲδ̫Щ
衲ýҲͰˣĩ۵ľɱӽŷˣȻðÿһÿһ롣
Դ衱˵һĿ꣬£֯λٲٸ¯Ҫ֤ЩԿһ˿һٺƫб
Դʱ֣£¯ޣҪһ¯տҪʦʮѧͽ糵䱸һϵдˡ
衿࣬ͼֽ𣿡
Щ飬СеģǸǱ칤ն¯棬Ҳһĵᡣ
ĿǾû⣬飬ãҹæ֣ٲоϣҲжΡ
ݾʶȤˣλãԻһӦ߾ȫȥԴȻĸףҲٳĥ׳־˼ֵɫ
Դͷ󺹣ֻӦ¡
һԶٿᯣѴӾƫԶ߽еĽֺ;ȫͳƸңټ򵥸ۣҪһѵʽÿһˣȷ彡״̬ãֲܹѵ˱ס
ƵĹ|ʹ÷ǰЩЩһ£ͶʯʹãǶεҲҪʿѵ
Ҫ뼸ˣǾ׵ĽϢ͸йˡ
һǡ
ʱ̫̣û취̫衵ķǣһ͹ģɱװľӣǵ
࿴ż衣кǧǻӮġ
ĬȻ룬ˣϣԽӱ߽ʧϢҪҪܱˡ
ҲֻζѣҲ֪ЧΡ
˼ǣҶǣϣ衾յ˱߽Ľ鱨
˿̣ةЩ˴ΣЩֵøĽĵط
һվʿ鱨ת־־ҴҸ㱨£Ͻ飡
һ㶣
ֽ̯һݲɶҾĹսʮΣʢи߽Ƭδʧ
󣬼衵
Ĺûܴռˣ
С˵ľɲġ
صڸ棬ɨһۣЦһֱӽֽˡ
ةɫôÿеͷۣĹҪʹ߹̸У˵Ҫ֮á
ۿŴӮ£ϵ
ƫƫĹʢҲֻԽԵȡ˺;֣ʤ̸ɹ߽ѹܼἸ֡
ϾԽҪʱ䣬ʵ̫Ҫʱˣڵķչ̫
衵Ȼ֪һ㣬˵ӣҪɣν͵ǹΡ
ǣĵ̣ô˵㡣
Ĺ˶Խ¸ƨ

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ھѵʵдǧϻ޸ĵǧɣĲ



42¡һ ѹʮ
, ְڳһѾƺֻǷյƣѡ
Ҳŷ, ľƵǲ, գ, ǰҲûô, һһ, ÿλһƷ֡
ˣĿֱСĻһ䣬ȾǶһ֮أ
Ժ󻹿ƷһЩƷ, Ĳ˵Ժֵһ衽ͻ, ҲйҹεĳȻҲԡҲ̫Զ, ԺһȦС
ͷƤһֻԼδļƻƺ, á
̫ô˵Ȼ򣬵˴˴ԺΧӳΧΧһȦССӳĳɫ
ƺе㲻̫Ը, ˼衵ļ, Դǲ˲, һ, 
һץ, 漾ϵĻҳ
⧲ץţë˲ը
첽ߵߣ̫ˣվϣѹ㡣
һ˿Ц⣬еΪѣҲǿ㣬㲻ԸңǽСҲС
ȻԸģӷϣȻ˶ü̵ģΧסһ䣬ԣɡ
˵䣬ԥתҴҳżȥ
ӴԶ߽Դ˵
ԺתһȦҹȻ򷢳ĹâЩȡһ
衲ɨһۣһ䣬룬滭ŵһͼ
ȥմУһӳ졣[1]
衺Ȼ滹һ䡰治֪ʱȥһЦ硱[1]
ܵһЩ¾һ㰲źú飬ܲĵȵĽ֡
ЩԶɫһЩץż衵䣬ͷƿңºڡ
ǣ㣿衼һֲһ䣬̫ᣬ֮䣬ǣֶѣʲôġ

Щʧ䣬ϻЦӦһſ˼ǺͼΧһȦˣ衿һÿľϣ;ֱЩ
Ҳżѯ䣬üʵҹ㣬ģ
ͼ˵㣬оĲáֻصλϣӻҪٸĽһ
衺Ͱһƣǳǳ˯ȥƽû˵
ߵһȱڵٽЩǻͷԵĸӣ˯ŵģǰ
衺Ȼãպá
ͷ£
˸Ƿ§סɽ޹ǺñӲתͷȥ
ˣЩãȻɼָʧ䣬Լǣ˵Լ첻ˣ
衻ȥ·Ͼͤӣ˳ѸӴ˶̾˿Һϲףֹһ㡣
ԭļһڣ¶⣬ʱһԥһ£˲伾衵֣⽿ᣬ~
ӱ¶ϲŲָ
һ㶣ʱһĿ衵֣Ӷŷɳ֦ܵϣżһߣ
衻ȻֲҲͦϲ㡣
Ѿż衵Ĺˣ˿ط˳ȥ
ЩΣԶԶ׺̫ȥ˸ˣСİ
̫ͷҴҰˡ
͢ȼյʱ⣬ңҲһҹδЪ
Դʹ˼ʹ¶ģ½ȥŮݣȻĽѸپͰϢųȥ֪ͨʮ߸ӵĴ峤
ҲޱͷʹѸԼϣʱֻʮӵģû취һ԰ꡣ
һ˹ȥ٣Щ򵥵ĵȹ̣ȫӶƽ񣬰ٶһԭϸڿˡ
ԱߵԬذοżҲԽһӦÿڸһʵڲҲȼȰѶճ
һƻֱʱ˯
ڶ죬ݳǰȴҲˡ
ҲкʾݲҪ¶ݡ
ݳĬÿһ
ҲǰΧʮ߸ӵĴ峤ȫｹȴöѾ׷Բԡ
ٷ˴ӵһλŮ߹峤ǻһۣһλǰݲΡΡ񣬡ˣҵȶǰְգ֪ΪΣҪҵǨ
ݺƽ͵Ϊ͢һмƻȻΪ˸ǲϽҸ׼˴ӣǵʱȥɡ
ԱЩĴ峤ĬȻ˴𻰣еᡣ
ǵļңֱߣȥϽǱߣû˵ҲûݣҪôأһСȥ֣
ɴҶֻǿڣֲؤ֣һɽɹٸţЩˣֻжķˡ
ݲ֪ЩΪʲôҪģϾѾƾ׼ӣصճû취ˣǺҲЩԼǹȥ
û˽ӻֻٳһ鳯͢ߵĿ꣬ŵʱǰźá
峤ңѳɶ֣ݴҲ࣬ǲǽκη
ǲʲô͢ߣҲ֪ΪʲôԼҪ뿪ԣǲ⣬Ҳˡ
ۼһĻɴǰһȻǸɴȷǮɡ
һ㶣תͷ衣ʮ
衽ᣬȺϴ峤ǵȲ˵ѴŶӣÿһÿһһˣһʮҪӡ
ӣֲδܽձ㲻òǨģȷʵӽȣɴǰһ
С̫ѾظÿÿһˣʮӣסˣǶʮ
峤Ƕʱڣղһɨ⡣
Ǯãõ֣϶ˡ
ֻҪǮʵڲУǾȥĵطð켸Ķأܻġ
ǽͷӶĹԱûų׷Ӿڴ˵صĴ峤˦˹ȽɣԼĴӵȥǸȥãҰǮ˿ɾûˡ
ݲ衣ʵʮǲǶЩ
һʮôˣʮ߸ӣԺҪǮĻǡ
衲⣬οſģϴǸŪĽӣʣ˲٣ԹˣϾһ˹ˡ
ݲ̫˽⼾˵ʲôһֱæͳ޽ӡ峤ǾЩҲˣʱǸɴȥһǱߵķôҲǲġ
ȴȰ˵ļӸǿҲǿֻš
죬Ҳͽ֣Լ»
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ʢķֱӹʮƣдʮ˵ֺʣߺȣ߹·ǧǾһºҪеһοԣͿԿʼˣݲǱߵϢĿͶб䶯Ҳ֪ʱ˭εͷÿףҿע
ʮƣдڶӵ֡
ʲȣ͵1.3õ3.4൹е
һȺҹӸ̻Ҳڸ̸ۡ
ѡ˭ʵҾԣƽɵʵǴޣһةһֳ˼ôҲð١
ԺֹҲԣ˼ҼѧԨױ㰮飬ֻǲںƽղߵˡ
ҾҲȻ˵Ѿ;ȴٿһΣôź˵Ҳͬˡ
Ůӿԣʵ˹ġ
ʲô£ôǲеûţ
˵˵ţ˾ͳ
衲òһ䣬ôûϣ
Աߵ˲ɴ˼һۣѵλӣ˰ɣȻǽ¥˱ߵĺˣҲλ״ˣҲ֪ܲԣ̸ÿˡɼΣҲҪµ⣿ҿˡ
˵ҲЩϧ
ҲͰˣҲԸһһĲӡ
Ŵն֮سڲɵѪɴ˸ĹԱʵֹںﲻ𣬻˰ɡ
Цѹɣѹʮ
ôҲøһڱ߶ͷ
ôǷӣôû֧ߡ
ȻһѵλӣʮĿɲ⿪Ц
ĵͷߵС̫ݹȥһӡ
ѵóȻʱҪһѡ
ģСĴ򿪺ӣóһƱ٣һϹԴ衸ӹӣ룬ǸǼһ¡
ˣдһ־СҵһºǮ׼þͳɡ
Ը⣬ȻãǲԸ⣬̰ˣҲԽɳңЩĹҲˡ
̲סпΪʲôÿһǮٸһǮ

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עͣ
[1]:ȥմУһӳ졣治֪ʱȥһЦ硣޻ⶼׯ
˼ȥĽ죬ڳׯ⻧˼ſڣӺʢһӳԵ÷糺졣ʱһĽ죬ʵΣٻӰѲ֪ȥֻһȻЦӭźĴ硣ժ԰ٶȣ



43¡ Ĺôû
ľ, ΧѸܻضĹݣȥϰš
ղźͼ衴Ѿɵˣ˰ԼĴ, ̲ס˻һ, , ԭûΡ
ţʮһҹӸбȻҼҲô, Ҫܴճ, ôһͳ
˵öǮܼҰ
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ΧѾʶʲô׷׿Ǯ, ͼõһЩϢȷϲ롣
, ӣҲһȥ˱߽һ࣬޷, ʣµ, Ȼֻнǵλˡ
˵, ǮֽĿתС˸, λƺѾ, ֻζһΧоһǱ¡
ҪҪе˴ѵôõļᡣ
ǮԥƬ̣ҡͷ̫ˣУ»ĵġ
˵Ǯ¶һĨЦݣ˵Ͽ˰ɣȥһҲ·Ͼ·ϴʱڱɡ
ķϰԣȻѸ˳ЦݣҪһͷ
Ȼ˷ʱһķϰϣʾ˾ˣֱʻ˵أȴ
˵»ʱڣԲҲ֪δΡһ˿
Ҫ˵ӢţǾ֮ڣµĶָĸҲڳЧδԽȻԽԽáѵ÷˼䡣
˵̹ӣġ츳һժ˿׵ƪдλԱߵѧĥʵ죬Ȼǿ϶ǺͻʼйϵɣܲľֻǷһ¸п
Ȼǵ£йһ棬ޱµĲ˼
˵Լͺ֮ʣ衴еޡ
͵ӱʻæźΧ˽ֱǮעûע⵽·ߵĶ
Ǯ˿Ű⣬һ˶¥ãܺãϰ治ҵ
֪Ϻʵۣûϵҳãȥ͸ˣֲıֻ£ˣδѡ
ⷬǻʵڲ˵ʲô϶ҲϸĴøС
˵Ǯ˶ŰģܳģȻĴҳüթСˣǶȻóѡ
ЦݣֻǵĻ½֣Ǯ
ϣ衽ҿӣĳ⿴һֻۣ˺˼֣һæµԵʡ
ֶ˼ֲһ뷨
ݵʱһֱɵȵԼݣȴǰ໰
ѵúһϵݣе㲻뷨˼룬ɴ׼һЩϺõıīֽ⣬ټһЩڼ˴ҡ͵ϵԺȥ
·ϣһл·ߵС̯ϣܵӰ졣
඼ͣµϣҲĽ£ûдʫ
δضϷдһȻǾá
Яֲ
ͷϡ
˵Ǿ仰˻û˵꣬ԴͱһƣϹ˵ʲôأ᲻˵˵ͱ죡
ڨڨһЦĬĬ죬õõãⲻһʱ˵˳ˡ
΢̲ס룬ǲĻ࣬ôЩ˾û˸˵ͱ¾ãһͶſأ
ʣŰ£ʤ鲻ãһ䡣
ҵһֱ˿ΣҲû˵һ䡣
ʤɻ󣬡⻹Ϊɱ˹̫أϾͲһˣϾֻǸѧӵݣ˼˵䣬Ҳû취
Ц쿳ԴŴ󳼣ƷۼžͲԭط˭ڽ˵лԴǲҪ
һʱ
ʤֻеûţҪпգͱЩ飬ֵĸĸǶ˷ôӡôգ֮С
ɴЩֽţȥʱ¡
ʤһ䣬ܲʲô
ķ漾δУһ衵ĿԸȥҼˣǸѱ˵Ȱָ˵ҪӡһЩĿ
ȻܰͽķѾҲ鷳Ⱥˡ
ûж룬ɴӦȥ
һţָԼıӣʵң
õ˿϶Ļظ󣬱Ƭ̣ȷʵԡ
һȻѾ߳ˣȷʵӦøһЩ
ȻôóʣҲʤҪ鷳һǰûӴЩ
ˣģʤЩɨ˱һۣԥŵǰû㣬һԣϣ㲻Ҫ˱µ
æµһ飬Ȼ֪ĹʹҪȻҪԷڼӣܲǡ
ԣڴӼһλʺһ͵ĹǱȥ
ɣλʺҲԹޣ˳ȥǲˡ
˳֮λʺڲץһ˺٣һ·׷ݣڷ⣬ȰϢһ·͵ʹ
衷ż¼ЩҲ̶ãλʺҲ̫ûˡ
ǸֵӣǴãҲλʺûٿӣŻϴü
аɣλʺƭˣϵȫߣϸҲ˵ԣ衻ȥαװˣ·ץһЩ٣Ȼһ·ָ͵Ĺİ׮ȥ
ȵ˼棬һ˽ӽһٵʱ䣬ƻŵȱǵˡ
ͭҪ¶ڣ̫ˡ
λʺҲһҵˡ
жȻһɺ׳־һھرҲǲѵġ
ǧ࣬͵һЩ˵ĶԻһ·Ʋ⣬ҵĹھİ׮λá
Ϊ˸ԼĶӸҪϧһдۣĹ˲УҲ˲ˡ
һƿլţλʺֱӴ˽ȥ
ķӣ㵣⾭ӪСҲɫɫٿˣûôģһ仰˵塣
λʺӣ޺޵ȵ۵ĻʺǼ衵ĵĸ֪Ĺˣ֪Ĺڼ衵ϢȫУ
˺ؼ֣λʺֻһǾһ֮ɱ˼衣ҪȥҵĶȥ
Ŀɬ£ġ
ʹʵ̫λʺЩʲôһжѰ׵ػزҲЩ·͵Ϲˡ
˵ȣ˵ȣʮ֮󣬼̲סŴߴ٣ŸԶڱ߽ļأͱ߽λǸʲô
רŵŸ˸أ衲ŵ֪Ĺųûãһ߰࣬ӱ߽˰ʱ䣬ǿķ֮һ·̡
ɫһڣдһţ̴˹ȥ֪ͨǣʮڵˣֱӹȥˣ
ͣͣʮ죬ε
óҲҪʱ˷ѽǮٲӴˣɴ࿪ս
ͬʱĹҲڷŭԽˣԼҵ·֪һޡ
·棬һȿӿݣǵȥҪôЩ˸һ·γڣҲУΧ·̫㣬üƥѾˡ
ǵԸˣһ·õݵκǽĹ˵ǷҪˣǸɴͱȥˣ翪սɡ
ҲˣٵӲݴеĵطҪɽԽ볭·ǾɽȡصȶΣ˴˲ٺһΣһмװ廹ˣ
һӵˣؼףôˣѾˣؼ׻ǸҪԽȥ
ûﾩǾΪ⣬ʧ˽ӽһٵ֡
ĿĹʹţΪʲôô󣬡߿㣬Ҷ˵ʮڵˣǾͿֱӻȥˣӴˡ
·Ҳ߹ȴⲻ󣬱߽ʿҲ⣬ϾЩ궼ôġ
߽ĽϽһ߸ͣûЩ⣬ó涣ҧ˾һֱ̣װУôණٵҲʮûޣѾˣطģһû޹Ķǡ
Ĺӣ
ǣǸҷǸ͸ֱӰѶ˵Լġ
Щ죬Ѿˡ
뵽
ʵֱۣˣ
Ųķ֮һ·̣ĹǰһڣӣҪڶʮϹȥδ̫Щ
֪ͲԽˣõĹүΪʲôҪ
ˣܲھʹùģֱתȥ
µ̫ŵ棬оȵִԽʱǻʵһƤ

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ı޷ͨģȸĹ


44¡ Եæµ
ǱЩ, ĴתתΧϢ
Ȼᣬڴһ, żѡ󳼳ҡ
ʤæŽָĸ, ˵˸˹æ, ڵ¥һˣӲ±˴, һ˷׷ӿ, ԺַǷ
ŮҽҲæµҲĥд飬һֱ, ˵Ҳ˲ٶ
ˣҲи, Ψһеģûɼ, ֻ
Ǳʹͷ, ôĹ˾ͻǵʹȥˣ
ǱʵЩʹ࣬ԴӸĸ߲㱻һ򾡺αװΨһӹһٵĸ߲㣬£˵ײ֣ʼνġ췴ҵ, , ·ϡ
Ҳʲôƽ, Ǳĺ, ͳһʼ̽һЩɽ, һЩ̿ǣǵһ·ߵڣĴƵͷ
мԥڿǵģǱãյϢ˵ڽоΧڵĴ޽Щ˹ȥ
һ͵͵׹һȺϴ峤棬ڽǰľϢ
ǿɵСҺò״һ͢ԱϢ˵ӶޣһЩûϻģҲȥǼǡǱ״Ʋ⣬̾һ䣬ЩգЩΪ˰ĺڻҲܳΪ˾ˡ
ΧĺϢϢżһۡ
ƵĴǳϢֱѡԭԺ𽨻죬滻һСԺ䣬ʮͨ˴Ĺ㳡ͣǣΧһȦһǴ峤רĶǣԤõļҲѾ޽ϣֻŶͿԿ
ǽ䲻ףש̾ͣٺһۣҲ㹻⻬ƽһĲ֣ϴԡλãʱЩáӼһѵСݱȵعȥ
ݽܷܵӣǰţһӵǾɢװ£ǾֻȲ𿪡
һ˵һ˵һ·ǰʻһֵƵͬĸ֣ͷߵβ֤ݴԲ顣
һ峤ŵӣŰ壬俿ȥϸϸľ崫Ƶ⼤֣ˣľϿã׸ãЩӣǻǵģԵ棿
ףȻˡǳ͢󳼣˴ҲǴ칤һ˶䣬ȻǱִݽҪʸʵ飬϶ֳʲô
˴ӣũȻҲٲˣȻ඼ͨأҲŵˣΧĵҲв٣ĵ˵ʱȥ峤Ǽǣ˰աҲÿ˲ٽʳ
Ѿ£ÿٽ㹻ˡ
λ峤۾һʲôʱҪǰѴӵλøڳھͿȥŴʱߣǾס¾Уһ˿Լ
ŹȵĴ峤˴ӣһɨղŵɥʵ˵պģɱôǴѡĴӣ϶ҪһˣҲҪһᡣˣģȻѡǴӣǾ㶪˵ڰ꣬Ǿ֮ھ͸㶨
ԭݻļ峤ҲһΧ£̬ȸ飬޲ھͰᣬºλöˡ
¶һĨЦ⣬ֻϣʱŬᱻ׷ѡ
Ŵ峤ôǽڣԱߵĺʹļףôôأһû˿ô죿ӿɵá
˵ţӭǱζ񣬲ڨڨ죬Ҿһ۶Ṇ̀ˡ
ǱһЦ¸˹ȥߣЩٱѾڳ￴ˣǲͣˡ
뿪ߵʱעһЩ˶Դ˵ظᡣ
Щ˵ص£ǱãܲЩǰЩ˻£ų͢
һΧžׯһ߰Ǩʱ򣬶Ľ칤Ҳ׼Щ󶮣ɴͼֽ֮УżȥұǼ̽һһ¸Ľķ
ܹȥо¯ôڷŵģǱ档
ڶ๤Աʱ֣̽ѹһˣʼԼļ⡣
ǰôˣͷһûԼĲܺݣֻ򾲿ˣһȷϰٸ¯λú͵ڶʦǵѧͽһʦ䱸ʮѧͽ֣ʦͬһ׻һģ߶õõġ
鿴ݹȥ˵֮Щûһʹȥ治ɫˣ׼ֺ󻹸ӡ
ᶼˣ£
ϴǸĽӣǻûҼǵùûôǮֻĪ
ͯʵǹʣĽҲҪһҸȵۺ̫ӵļ֮ҲҪʼ׼ˡ
㵣е㾪֣һҪȥǣø׼Ʒ
ˣΪȥͽˣʵڲйʮɸ̫ȥһҲɣռƪĹȥҲ¡
ûôңԶϾҲˡ
µʱةʵȥˣòȺ߻飬Ȼĸ衽ͣעؼ֮ҪТģͱʾȵۼһµӡ
˵ة㱨ʤҲ΢΢̾ʵ۳乬ƽ￴ʱ򣬾ֳûʶûЩˡ
ˣǰλⲻ׵ĵʤҲüѾܺˡ
ҵʱλʺҲľʦ̫ȥһԲТ𣿡̲סԾԾԡ
ȵۺͼ嫶ôˣɴӰ˵ʧˡ
˵ǸʱĹʹſ϶Ѿ뿪ˣλʺļֵҲˡ
ʤЩɣҲе˼άʼ䣬ҲУ
ةࣺ
ةŭʤһۣʾ죬Ȼֶż衵ҪˣҲ̫С¡
ˣǻǷɡ
ة󣬻ͯһڴةһҹ۱¸ע֮һдӼɣ̫˷ѡ
ΡΡѵҪôӣȥһ֪ҪնĹ
᲻ǮҪǣЩµˣϤ
ʲô棬ʲô࣬ʲôݣټһ̫ױ۾µĻʵۣһСԼɣټһȺݵ΢Ĺܳ
Ȼܳɵģ衶Ű飬ȻὫ
ǰĹͣȫԼŬȻҪҲҪá
Ҫһɳǧ˵ĹȻڴ˵ؽףӲϵװǿԽӣҡ
ҲͷһһԸ
ô˵Ҳôġ
ͼֽǱҹһԺ󣬼ټһİź´ɰϾѾ㹻ˣʺϹȥѹӡ
Ȱ뿪ˣ衶̫ȥ̫ҽһĸӵ顣
̫æԸȥߵſںȻһ˶˵һ䣬˵Ŀģô˵һ䣿
衽ȺΪΪ۲죬λ̫ҽ˹ɣ˵ӡ
ȺĶܿ죬ճɿۣ¸λһʢҪ̫󡣡
Ӧһ
ȵС̫ܳȥҩӣһҼǵãÿʮ죬̫ҽԺ˶Ҫȥһ´ȥҸ㵽ʱô
Ⱥǡ
˵˵ţ˲٣Ͼˣĵ̫࣬ƽҲæܶ¶ģȥȰúϢ˵ȥʵһЩʵһ㲹ҩúòһǰЩ飬ҲЩ֡
Ⱥ
ԾͷԼ΢Աô֪Щֵģ

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ȺȻиӸţǲ²˽չһ



45¡ ƾͣϳ˸
Ⱥ̫ҽԺѾнӽ, ǰĶͷ˾Ҳ̫ҽԺԺ, Ϊ, ȵ۸ֱӰؼҵ, һʥּŭҽƷ, ؼ֮Ҳûٱָָ, һ·̫ƽ
λǰı̵ӡ󣬴Ժ̫ҽԺ˶, ʵĲʣýҲ, û˵
Ⱥ䵭ݣ˵ͷ, ͵Լû
˰˱ŵĸ, ô
ԴϴαܣֻӾʱһۣƽﲻҲˡ
ԼǰҲѵ飬Ż׼ССߣÿ춼׼һ, 
Ⱥ濴˼һ, ʵ, Ъ֦ϿǬ幬ķ, һֱϻ
ÿԵĵ, ԽԽ࣬ÿζڱԹˣˣŷȥ
ʮ죬һȦÿ춼ˣûѹήҵʱ򡣡
衰˰üģʶ˲Ծ̫࣬ϸѯʣÿԶ٣
̫ĿϻһȦһЦôࡣ
û˵Щ˶ͦϲӣĸӲ͵顣
һɫ΢䡣
̫æҲʲôԣֻѡԼϲġ
һ䣬㿴ô
̫û̫ΪҪôʣֻʵʵūſͦ˵ġ
ϾǱµİ裬Щūżģһźţλүˡ
衣
Ⱥδ֮
ЦˣʵǹģԲȣ
Ⱥͷ
ǡ
Ⱥһ״ҽٳһ㣬˵Ǳµ⣬ͲԸʡ
ҪǱĸӣҲǿѹˣϧǱŵģҲпɽģҲ֡
죬ڵӸʱס˷ɹĸӡ
Ӹڼϲ䣬ԴȥֺȻ·ʲô˺󼸲ϸ׽
¶һĨЦݣдɱԵĺܿǲǣ
ӣһ㲻Ծɪɪ
Ÿĳ򣬼˵ô࣬ɴ˽Ȱһ⣬¹ǹˡ
ǣˣβ
ϣǬ幬˸ίּٵĽһֱе賿ʱ
ڶ죬ĸϰżһѸëȥţžͻɱԼ㶪ˡ
ӳż衽һڲ̵ģԽֱֱű߽ȥѰżصټ
ŸӷԶе˸УпһҲ֪ܲҵˡ
ҲҲû£͵ȥˡһҲģôֵĸӣҰ죬͵ˡ
ƭٺŪһˣҲ
յϢ󣬻ΪĹŶӳͻһ
ĹʹŵʹǾûһǸ˵ģÿ춼ըҩһ޲ھͺԽ˴
ҲЩԾԾԣ˶࣬ҪһԽʿһĹʿǵʹﻹвˣ͸öԸˡ
ϧĹǸʲôʣ˵ǵĹʵ۵İܣλӻûӵһֱѹµˣǸԽͻ
ʺ޺룬ǵԽľȻҪúʾһϹЩԽӵĹۡ
ʸﰵģûͼﴫɧʱսеĳ󺰵ͳͳ䣬еϮ
һȺȸͲӥɹӻУ֧ʱˣ
ͷһ֣ѾڿҪҪطɡ
֣ͣһ۾ͰѸ˳ϾӵһȸʵǹۣŭǵĸӣҪǸĲ㡣
ʣ
ʲȻŭһ·̬ױըǲǸˣҿĹѵȲһֻӣҪˣһֲĲǡ˵ˣǸӣֵ㶼ܱȵһֻСˡ
ȻһʼûеϮҲԼС֣ƺãɵȵطʧ棬Ļ𷴶ԽԽ
ЦһҶιĸӣҪһƤЩ˶ȥˣɴڹȥ
ʣأǲǸӣұȣ
ôһ·ĹϵԽԽӣûκεĺתһֱڼ
أûҲϻɴҲԼߵ˰ڿӪʱ׼ս
ʸɴŹһɣһ֧ô˳ȥǣҾͲˡ
ûʰѻ˵꣬Ҳɴ䣬еļôͷ˳Ѹٶͼų֧ողͷƤԴһ˿Ѫ
Ӿʧ㿪ķ˹ֽסĳ
ʶԼصʧˣո֧Ҫǻ˸ˣԴܱ䴩ȵģҲǼظֱӶ֡
Ǹ
һѣĵ
ϽԲʮ꣬ڱ߽˽ʮ꣬ĹʿλϽ졣
ҼȻǱź̸ģǾͲҪôԹɴȥʲô鵽ʱ̸
ﲻ޵ϽͽЩ֮ǰһ仰˵ⲻƫܣ
ɿ˿ԽӻһУҵš
ûˣֻǱŸӣȡżϤĿԼЦüۣŸӵЪһᣬдûٻȥ
ǲ˲伾ص֣ϲˡ
ȵŵʱʸӲˡ
⣬ȻôôһȺǿӲˮſø·ǰһССװ̣
ǸĸĹרƷ˵ǰȣż
ҧÿ֨죬ȵд˻ţڸϰԺ󣬸һԾھĹʹλõʱ΢λãʵķ򸩳壬Ȼһϣﳤȥ
ۼҪ쭣ֻǲǸӣƽϣ
ʣ
ȵ˾ҪúЩԽһ
ԼյżžԽһεĻʺͶǣڸ᲼֣ʶʱ;ֳġ
·ϵһ·ִ֣ʹʼշƽ˾ֻЩ컡
ϣһΣǼ衺Ͱ໥Ⱦơ
Ȼһ죬衸˲ٵҩţԶһȥȻЪϢ˰ʱ͵͵
ظ죬ɫҲࡣ
Ҳո飬ϴǱûĻ֮İ¡һεĴǽֹӵԺ䣬ٵֹӽʶˣΣ֮ȵ꣬ٴγдһЩ˵ֹӵĻ˵üпʱһƣҲ΢ѧһЩڵ֣Է
衽ֽպãµ½ڣŰ˲پƣɫֻһͷΡ
ãĥţǰ漸ζѰһΣҲˡȻˡ
Լ衸ԼԸſϣֲԴһ˿
˯ˣףС
ûж˺ƽŽЩ
ϸϸĦż衵üۣ˿٣СĻ衣ûô׽ǲﶼˡ
룬УⲻһֱǹŰ
Ƕ˵ϺӰ䣬˵ǲܾһӣ˵ģԴ䣬͹ٶȴûô͹ΪԸӼЩסڻʹòˣùˣǲǣ
衻ǱӰ쵽ˣ˼·һ磬Ҳѣ룬԰кøУԲŸͶⲻΪ˸±۸Ϊʲǫ̂ûС
С촽˼衵ǣȥ
衸Ҳ뿪ڽһһ죬˰촽˴
˻
һ˺һãȻִż衣ЩȻ޴룬һ˲Ӿ磬޲Ҹطȥ佥죬ֽŽӲ
ˣ
֪ˣ
ո͵׼衣Ǳץţ
¹⾲кڲݵϣͤȼգǰһġ顱ΧʮĻݲݣҲԷϵ顣
Ĵдˣǽ
һҪҸһ¡
ҧƤû
ҿ衣˫ָɬֻǶԼĽż⣬˵ҲЩͰͣ㣬ʲôʱѵģ
衣
ѵЩ飬ѵҪ˵ѹû˯ȥһֱװƣ
ŪۣûƱˣڣһΣҲˡ

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衣Ҫôߵȣͦġ
ǸڣϽ26£ддˣQAQ



46¡Ը һͬ
ڹսǴС̫̲ס̽ͷ, һҪȵԼĪʱºͰ״˲Żȥ, ˵Ķе㲻̫һ
衽ʾ֭, Ŭ֯, ͼһȱĽڡô룬ԼڽƱ, Խ˵ܻᱩ¶Խ, ǰ֮ǰǻװҲ¶
衳ٳٲػʶʲô˲ͨ, ܣѾʼ˼Ҫıܡ
衿ס, ɴ಻ô࣬ȶ˵һѷϵľƺƱ, ˰ڰϣôȥ
ֱҲ׳, ͵Σ׻һΣҲʲôҪһء
ǰɣ
ȣǸ˵, ǾͲҪھͻˡ
ԺҲǿԵġ
Ĵб, ̲ס̽һ, ֮以Ħ, ˵ĺһ
ƵҶӴһ, Ҳø컡
һʼŰֲԾɣΪ§סӰˤȥ
ȻӴʱ򣬼кܶ߰뷨ɵȵ˵ȥ衱סʱеȫ׵ˡ
ץס˶ЩʧˣҲһͬק麣У㿪
ǰҲпһ׿׵ͷ
ƺͲ豭Ӱϵ䣬еĹԶˣû˲ݴС
ո߹սǵ̫࿴һĻʱԴ˳ְС̫ͷʾǸϽ¡
ֱ̲סѷ̵̵ȫһ飬ʴʦүӣʵۿǧҲɱڡ
䣬Ҷ쪡
Ǻ貣Եҡҷ
ãڷֿ
ɿ֣ŰĿƣҡ
кܶ໰˵Ȼ㴰ֽƣǾ͸ɴ촰˵
Ķͨ죬촽ҲøԱ߶㿪ӣȥҪ˵ʲô
·ʱ򣬻СߵһƺһС
̫ͷ󺹿Ű汼ȲֲҿֻĬĬͷװԼǸľͷˡ
Ҳһ˲ɵۣʲô
ôˣ
¶ģƿеԥ͹Σöĵôܾô뿪
һյƣ衶̫غùĴţҹκ˽ȫغãκ©
̫ͷһݣЦǣǡ
ֻԼѰڹס̫ˣʹĵ̣ܣҪڹ⣬ôˡ
ŵҲŰ뿪ķȥԽԽʡ
ŰܽԼӣһ˷š
ǰǰߵţš
ڷˣҲ͸һѣһץסŻȥˡ
洫ңѾ˯ˣҲϽ˯ɡ
ƺֻˣںͼ衹ϵܵʱֻ֣Żڵʱ򣬵Ǿгɱ¡
ЩЦԼţպСñţ־ðʵ̫׾ӣҲûӦֻԼ
治ţ
˲˵ˣֻǺЩء
аɣȻšɽңҾɽ
ߵ˴ߣ˴
Ű㵵񣬼ɰסһѷ˽ȥ߽ü˵𣿡
󣬴ҲǰԼϵģҲûбĳڡ
Ծһҷɣǲҿ衡
ЦԸʶ˺ѱͬΣۣͬԸ񣿡
Ȼ̧ͷ
ĵһǽ룬ֹӵԺֹ˵һ仰
Ǹʱ򣬰˵Ҫ衳һ飬ûлش˳
Ҫ𰸣衰ס֣ڣʧȥڵݣʧȥڵĵλòģ۵㣬㻹Ըһֱϲңеĺ𣿡
ϲĲ棬Ǳδĸֵܼʲôʱأ
˵ʵߣһ뵱ʵҲ
ڻңǣ˵ݾ㲻ȫҲûôǺϡ
Ҳ룡ҴûôѸ˵һҲκ˶ҡλáҾϲվߵĵط˵ĳ羴
衵ƽ̹ȻԼⷽΪѣҴźδҲѱ֣ʹŬҲЩѡ
ãȻ̩񰲣һжںת
ֻЦǣŰ֣ȷʵںת
̫Щδȴýľơ
ǰ¡
£Խӭɺԭһգ
£Խӭԣ̰ݣˮһкǧʧ
꣬꣬Խû취ջʳ
£ɢϮͬʱũ屬Ϊʵ޵콵³ͷȻⲨ˳ϯԽڲҷ׷ס
ڲı仯ϣδӭԽģĹʮľ׼˰ĶԽĶƻ
⻼˫ѹʹݽһֳ⣬£һֹ⣬δҲɲù
ɣʰɽӣѹء
衿С˵ʱ򣬻ĩĵù͸еعʱڵӤҲܵģ뱳λϣףǸӡ
δǿĩۣϾĻһ̶ȣĩ۾ͱ̨һ
ס衵֣ӵеӣŬӦһһֱϲ㣬ڻңһÿһ졢ÿһ¡ÿһ꣬һϲ㣬δʲô·Ҷȥȵǰ׷Բ̬ӡҲ߲ʱҲһͬεĳŵ
衰ס֣ãȻ˵ˣȻš
һֻʵĹӰཻ
á
ٴȥ
ͬһʼĳԣ繡
еĴĴڱһƬ֣Χĺ
ȵſ衻Цһ䣬Ҽһ£֮ǰҧƤû
ûûУ֮ǰ飬ֺˣüˣ
ָĦ촽ôС
һӺ󣬼һְǱҧƤһ㣬ҩȥ
衵Цζ
վſڣĿͼ뿪ã
ȵڶ죬ݣʱһ
͵һΣôͱأ
һҪôشôԼΪʲôҪô
˼ʼ޽⣬컹ûдɴ˹ϵݣȰˣٻع⡣
ǰһЦźͰкԶˣֵʱɫһȥ֪ͨ£״˳ˣ
ȥ˵¥һ˶ԿĿŴȥһطͼǮ˵һԱͼ̫һ
Ǯ˫۷ոӺͰףϰϷҪϲˡ
һƷ̫ٷĴ̫ǰһگ빬ݡ
ԱߵС̫͵̹ӣֻһ⣬Ҫúñ֡
Щ˶֪ϵʵݣֻΪű¶⣬λŻǾδ¹
¥һȺҲ׷׽кãޱ۹⣬ȻҪһɳˡ

ĿһûüܾͼǮһ֣һȺʹӽΧסϲߣϷˣҪ㻻õѣȹǸ
ܶ໰ûʳڣͱźŻһѣһλŮҴͷ̹ݲףһҲã׹Σһ㹻ˡ
ˣŮǰһϵ֪һЩطϰףڳɻǰժߣҪǸժߵ˳ɻ顣ֻǣ̹ӣµײͨˣϰǼҲͰˣڱǰ¼Ҫ̹ӲҲʹ˰ɡ

治֪˾ȻߵԵɡ
һʱҲҲõĻֻܼ򵥵ˣҲֻܼˡ
һȺ˷ŰǮǵų󣬸ɴ䰲ֶģһ·£ôֽ͵˹ǰ
·ϵһãȻļҪϲ£ôô֣
Ϲ˵˼̹ӱϣҪ빬һ졣ԱߵϺ͵Ǯ˿б£ֶаֳ
룬ԭǱˡ·¶Ŭš
Ϻ
ܾã⻰ֵֹġ

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47¡Ŭ ͺ󣬻ӹ
ǮǮǱӽʮ, ˵֪ͣκβûпƺ쳾ǸޱȰλӵ, ֻε
ȵʱ, һжѹ, ı£ϳة, ذ, ǲǮǱ
Ǯ˶Դ˲ѾãةҲͰˣ˼Һôͱ, Ǹ, ʲôӽҲһ飬Ǯ˻, Ȼúúһ
ȥĳ˵, һ㣬ҪֱУŶԺǰһȦǮ˰ͦأԳüԭɥһɨա
ǣ
ǲǣҪ, ҪʹϰѰɣ
ȵջƻ, ٵةλ, òͳһɵ, ͳһ֮֮¡
, Ǯ˶Ͽ˵ǹػǰӿؼ֣Ȼûڱ߿佱ϣҲҪԼб£˱µۡ
һȺ˴ӵֱǮ⽻׸µĺӣϣ·˶ϵĿ޺ϿɣҿСᣵһǣһ·ͬеĵ¥ˣ΢
ȵ·ƺԵʱѾˣֶѾ˶ԺŵˣһȺ˳֣󲿷ֵ˰ʶʱ乲µͬš
һѸٷᣣ
Ժŵ˶ԴҲ۷׷ףһλ߸пѣû˱ʵһλѾʮǰ飬ѾܾûܵĴ
Ͼ˶Ϊ٣Ҳ̧̫˵ĵλܼһ涼
ȻǰҲǹ˿־ڲ࣬ûһǮⱾŬӭ⣬һ·ֶӡһŮΧģ
ȻƫںͬŵİǮľٶƲۡ
ǣ㿴ǮǸģ϶ЦˣҲǸʲôЦģøһڡ
Ҳ̫ˣϵĲѧ˷滹Ҫѧϰƽﻹǵõ͵Щ
˵ô״ҲڸųǽǸǮռ˱ˡ
ǿ飬ֲָпҪҰµʤ˼лץסһˣʵ˵ϵ˭
ϡ˰̾ʹļף״˼ˣҪѹˡ
ʤ
ɿ֣˵ڣЦһҲ֪Ц˭ǵǻ档
ôĿŵԺôճ
Ǯ˻⣬ʱƲۣÿ˦ȥ
˼ʤҪߣʱеشˣ㲻Ұ״µôȥ
ʤˣڴûң´
һʤô֪ڣ
ʹѵûһѣٴ˹񣬻ѰڵҲһ֣ȡճ㹻ʱ
ȼæ̫꣬߹£̹ӵˡ
Ȼǹ٣衱ҲǣۼŰһ߹ʾֱ
ԱźС̫СŮ׷£ֻڸź
΢΢Ƿϵݣֻһ֪ңҪԸ
ڼתһȦ󣬾Ͷǰİϣ١
绹һʡΪʲôҪ͵סҪôͣԲŶʱ˱ͽںͼͬһҡ
˵̹Ӳѧѣ黭£̹Ҷ齲ѧ衿ϣΪɣ°ʹǰˡ
ţװ絹湫ӣ촽ޡ
ͷһͷֻǵŹһᶼǰ״˰ھ࣬¶飬硪
Ȱ߰ɡ
һԣ衵ͷΪУԣǰȷʵֻҹѧȰãԲɡ
衵ĻشͰ뷨ȫ෴κΰصƫˡ
ˣ
Ĳã
ʶ̧ͷöϼ衴Ц񣬲΢ǿҪԵȫԸұֲá
Ҳ޷ֲٷǣֻǼ˵Ҳ棬£ݡȻҪҶ飬ժߣҪ󲻹ְɡ
ż衣ԾһٵҼ紦һϰףڳɻǰժߣҪǸժߵ˴Ӵһ𡣡
衽Ц⣬ߵǰָĦ°ͣߡ
ͷв֪ûƿ
˶ӣ衵ĿԶ
ȻôأȻҲӦءժߣЦֻҼȻժߣһСְɣ
ǻǰߵǻǶԾһľ룬㡾ְأά֮ľϵ
أʱҲȹؾ׽Ҳžη
ûУһݶһ޶׽ûйʡ
ͬʱ乬ʱһ޶
Ҳֻһֱȡ߽ǰ
ڼüˬʤеķ绨ѩ£ҲԽôһܺ磬Ҳü㡣
ʤʱҵļ衣㱨ĸĳɹԼĿǰ¸壬ǡײ´ߴҴȥֻǲЩǡ
ôˣʤʶһ䡣
ʶãҲм꣬˽ҲЩ
衽ǰļһĪ⣬飬òãұ㷣һ²ҩѡӿ࣬˷Щʱ䡣
һҩõźôã
ʤԸ̼䣬̲סһ̽ʵҪ
ͼ衰Ҳʶ΢ĩ˸һһãЩǡ
šֱӣڻ磬˵ЩȻˣܵŬһѡ
ͺ󣬻ӹ˹ϵ󶨣ָָܱΪջˮŻԵҲòʼΪ˵δһЩ㡣
ʤһое㼤Ͼǵһ֪Ĺţһмָжҵǲ֪ң׽֪ҡֻǱ£δҪôճ
Ҳ¶Ц⣬΢ǰ㣬ЦҵȻҪ㣬Ͼδة࣬ʱ򻹵ʰ¡ҪǴã̫ҾֻܺͰ˽ˡ
Ϊʵۣ򵥷ǰ齻Ӹɡ
ʤ
ոĸж֮˲ҷ
Լڴְ·ü
һսϡͷ鷿ԽԽߵĹģٿǰô׵ĵʤҡ
˼򵥽Ϣٿʼ¡
ĿǰѾӡƷַȥпӡǧᣬĿҲȥһЩпӡЩı䣬ϰһҲʤһһ㱨ôٶȣøл°ѱŹʲôһЩЩҲͷͷǵǽȼӿ첻١
ƵĿһ֮԰ɣ衺Ȼʵ
ʤȻ˲ԤУӲͷƤԣȷʵˡ
衵ÿ⣬ӦòҪɣ
ʤ
úҪ
κʤ˵Ļ衽֮һţһµĲ
Ҫ˵ĲǣɴཫԽδ״гֽϣٽСͬһĴ洢ÿ⣬ȺԵָͶ
ȿˣѡˣһһԾѡõļ
ȻʶˣѵԾԿɵӰ
˵ɾ͸ɣ衿ʼбһĿǰӵеĽٷϣ˿ĿǰԽľĿΧĵйЩԼδĸȻֺԼֵ
ԽܽᣬԽòҲ̶ãдҳֽ󽫱һţָƣƽγôͲܵĹĻʵۣ
Ĺ޷棬ĹԽ
˼ĹҲһλȳѣʱȫ˳Ҳһϡ
Խأƶ»ײϣֺˮַ
ĹĻʵ־Ҫһͳ£ȾҪѹڵԽԽĻʵ۾ֻƴ棬Ŀꡣ
̲ס룬ҪĹʵ۸ɵˣ
Ĺ˻ͦģǻỻһӵܣϵλ
磡˿̣衵ŵĹʵڻʹܱʼ飬ܣǧҪ嶯ɱԽʵ۾Ѹٱ任֡ûϾԽϡ٣ܣǾҹ۲죬Խʵۼ˼ֶκδػĶ֡Խ־֮ʿνʤɱһٲЩһ𣬷ҵȹԽɾ޴谭
д꣬պֽĹʵ۽̣콫Ŵͣ˹ȥҲ֪һԽʵȫɡ

*
лҪ˵
лؼָ
ջƻʱʧȥżֵıʧȥӦʱõʵûСջƻʣǡջƻãջƻնµġ겻æȥջƻҲժ԰ٶȣ



48¡ СӲѡ
Ƕϵݳ, غĵ¥˴˸к߻ԼԺӡ
Ժֶʱ˹ѯʵ, ˵
Ե, 黢, ټıԺɱˣ, ֿȥޱ, ôܲġ
ǮҲԼС壬̲ס䣬ȴŰش
κ˵衵Ļ, Ҳϣ˺Ҳ²⣬ʶ͵¶ȻǼõġ
Ժһ, ǾͺãҾǱ, ô£ǲϻˣҿƺЩס
һ, ǲСıӶҧһڣЩ̣һҧͺۼء
Ժûйע⣬ӹ⣬ѯʰ, νӼ
Ǯ˵СŶ, һųĹԱ˸, Ǯ˵, ϵ, ôЩԾʹǱڵĵطӣУǹŮ̫඼ܵʹ
̫ҽԺͿʼ׼õңȼյϣԼԲñܵóĸš̫๬ŮҲæµĴɨÿһǣκο϶
ңǿɲЩɵ˵ƷĹǺĹǣǶȥٴΣҲһ׷
ߣ׷ȷ˲²⣬Զ󿪣ѹֱûвκεĺ󹬣ź޵Ůٺ͹ŮûС
ָ²հأ
ǮҲʶˣƴЦλǵĺûᡣ
ϲǲǣǼ򵥣һᣬת۵㣬׽£ٳһð͵ϣʵ⣬ˣ
ǻУġΰⷽ棬ǲǳͷβмҡ
οҲûôԸڻܶűЦԱҲûԹԣ΢һ£¾ͿԳˡ
뵽Ǯ˵˼ʱȣܹ׵ó裬ҲϵİˣжμЩõĺôôܲ
Ǯ˸оδ۷Ҫ˾ٱȥھͿʼţȥЩϹģǵۣ˵Ϻͱ¶ô䡣
뵽Լǣ֮ǰһ·֣´ĺңʡǰڵ̵档
Ȼ֪Ǯִ̣æһߣժߣ»ڰĹٷͨصȥһߡƽĵĲӿȥԼĹ顣
һ·յϧִο
ĿǰϼƷĶԺʷ̬ȸͻοʱ䳤أ̫żһʱĹҫۣοʶһڡ
㽫ϣҲ̫ѹ
һʱҪֲ֪˵ʲôԼͷһЩգҲֻټһζѡ
Ҳ㲻ʲô
ԺʷĬ룬㻹֪ɣ¸ոսȥּ˵ĲȻԺÿձ빬ʥһΣΪ½ѧ飬ʱֱӵݽ빬»һ·ʹ˲ٶһլԺǸ档
ܶ೯ڣϳʱ˵仰Ƽʵһۣżʵ۽йȥʻƽﶼһʸͻʵ潻ƷϵĴ󳼣ûϳʸ񡣵ϾȻһѧӵˣõȨ
ڼ衻ǶʱʤһʱĻ̶ȵ衵ǻԺݸı䣬ʤԶжΣʱ̶ݻǸĺô
ҲвҪʦһЩôκμȫӻ磬ټϼּʱ̫࣬Щϵүү岮տ˿飬񳯳Ҳѧˣһģײڡ
ȻûеõʽĹλȴҲܹʵ̶ĹôܲĽ
ʷڰοʵҲûסԭ԰ҲǲĿŵĶ裬˲Ͻȥ
ƿԣպϵּôˣֻּ⣬Ҳסˡ
衾ͣôϲϣ
Щûף컹ҪԸɴѹͷ˼ԼͬǲҪ˵һбµּ⣬ɡ
˵˻ųš
Ҫȥģǹȥڽ̷˾ͬΪﳼһˡ
ȵʱڣûиԵĴ󳼣κЩǱͷǱţҲû̷˾ǰ;군ǮΪ׵һڴĦĴðͷ
ة࣬ǶʱҲСĽƽ˵һ仰˵ȫ˵
ż衸Ǳ߾˳һȥİӣݸ˼衣Ҳ˿ȵ棬һȦȫУԩһɰˡǣѾȥ޷ѱûļҲҲ׷ˣϾȥ˱ѱ١
̷˾ԱˮһҲʮƶŮ
þöûˣöණҶˣһӲɿЦȥϱݣҶ⣬þûдӣҵЩˡ
ҿеûšŮӲͷĻᣬץʱ䣬ǵǮɲˣҪǿϣɵȥЩơ
һ˳£СԺϢ
ʱ򣬻һ飬˹ֵλþò
ڹȥһֱĬҲ׽¶Լ뷨뿪˽̷˾ͬһһҿҵĸ鵹ͻͽ
ף
æ˹ˣԡ
Ȳ衣
һȺ˷׷æµЦк¡
ҲݸλǴһЩ飬ҪǲμһºĿԡ
ǹȥǽ̷˾ˣѧԨֻǿպʮʱ䣬ҲûȫԼĹȥ
ʲô⣬Ҳʱңҹͬ̽һ
ƾʲ߷棬ϲˡ
ŮǰһֵߵȾ֣µǶãǶϸã
֪𰸣ĺܾˡ
һģѵһ䣬˵ʲôأµȻǶ԰ˣǸʲôģҶ֧ġ

Цݽʧ
ŮӼˣСʵѵ
ɣҪӮˣ
ҧòȻǶҸãʹ޳
һʱ䣬ûű¶ºĹϵǣҪٲ˵˾ͶҪ֪¸϶ˣ
ףҲ뽫¾ôóȥ
-
衵Ȱߺ󣬲ЩģѾ鶼ˣ͸ɴ򵥽ˣԼȥ˲ݣ㿴һЩʲô֪ʲô
ȵߵ˲Ժ󣬼衲ŷ֣ĳ䣬ոš
Ŭӣл䡣
һĻ亹һεð޲õڸĹأԼȥȻװԼѾȥ
ʵϣһºĿԹȻģ̫ͨЩĹʹ飬ûҲЩΣȻ˵ţʱһһע׷תƹ
»֣ʾˣԼһš

ϣϣ
˫źԼֶ֧󣬻Ա߲Ϲ
˵ΪʲôҪϲˣ˵ˣҲѹȥ
ǿˣǾеûţĿǰץţִŹ۵㣬š
ϵô£ʲôǰ¿δǰͺͰ״ء
û˵ʣҲǽ̷˾̹ӾͲһˣ¥ףҲͱûΪдʫһƬԲ
ǣ״סڻʹͱڶӣҪ״ýȢ˼ţϾһңֻܰ档
ǼһûҰ㣬˵ˣֻû̹Ӹӽѡʱ򣬱ȻὫ
Խ˵Խ˿ʼӡ
ɫһڣ޲þ͵ιȥ
Ȼſۣû뵽ۻſزλڷ籩վǰһӡ
ңڳϺǵİоʢϣнǵı£ﲻ𡭡
ػ飬ǵĺԽǣվһʱ˴˹̨˵ױ¸˭
ü°ЦϣҶò¼ȻĺΪʲô˶£
СӲѡ񣬴ȻǶҪ

شΧ۾һ˷׷׵ͷǣ¶ûкǧͬʱҲ
Ա˳ʵ˭ĵλߣ˭˭С

Žһˣµֳˡ
ոջҪԺ͵ɶʱ°ε򣬿ʼһֵ

*
лҪ˵
ˣѡϣdoge



49¡ ȥ
ۼٶȿʼ, ΪԼվǶҡ衲ƿĿ⣬һѵ, ȴĿԹ
衶˶, 
˲ѹ, ûûС
ֻĬĬ֧һ, Ͼ衾ǰվš
۶ˣʵЩ档
֧֧, ͷأһ仰˵
̲סŤͷʮˣ
¶ֲʧòЦ, Ӳŵͷ
жϵʱ䣬Ӧ֪ˡ
Ŭ͵һʼһ·˲С˵, ˵Ǳ¿ϣȻΧҲ, ֹ˼Σ, 
ԽֹԽ֪࣬Խϲۣ˶֪£ټټһΣվ͸Ӳһˡ衼
Ա, Խ, ƫҪô񡶽|ƿ|÷, һǹŴĽ, ܶ˾ͳ׾, ҪĶһ˽¸ǹΪ
棺
ڼ˵̫ˣ޻˵
Ħ°ͣ˼֣˵ҲȫǴȷʵˡ
棺
һʶ˵ʲôʱͷһ˫۷
״üĻ룬ƵǺͲ֪ˡ
Թˡ
ǳԹϵһߣΪϢĹһܰһһԳģȻϷ⪡
֪һҪϢȴȲܷȥΪԼݵҡͷźҲܻż衵ļĿǰе
۸һɵӣˬ˹Ŀһڴ󳼵ϻֵļȥλɣɣ˸
Ȼ̫ӦǣС˳ȥ
ɣ鷿ʱ⻻ѣǾԼֻϳʱһ㹻ˣǻźϷʱһ飬ĳߵ
֮ǰȸһԼȥġ¡
ţʮǰǡλʺȵ˳ƷǻʺȻʮһǰ衳֡ı¼ֲԻʺ̫Ӳ衾ͱӽ乬ʮǰٴγɽ˻ʾ£ʮǰسҲ乬
ֻм衵ֶԻʺ̫Ӳһ㣬׼ģλʺȳң̫ȥЦ󣬻˵ܵһѡ
ڣЩӮңȫһ顣
ȵ۽㣬˵𣿼ʹЩģҲû취˭þãû¸ڣ򺡹ǵӵΣһֱ£¸Ͳ
ɣɹؾ񣬰ַվǣһ仰Ҷ˵
һۣţ˵ʮˣƮƮ˿ȥɷǣǱζѹȵһֱûһ
е˵ɣԵǲ
ɣԣͨһˣе£ϳʵǱȺ˵ģԵˮƽʵڼˣϲ̨档
ˣǲҪˣ
衣
ϵºЦ˲ʧ죬˵УҪã͵ԴҰɡ
ȵʱôӻԾ˾͸˹һ޲תͷܣ
ɣǿᣬǣ˵ǣ·Ը
ȻǱµĿ
ſں˵ҹ󣬷ֽԽҪִɺǾ
ɣһˣɫãȻ
⣬⣬ǰֻʲô񰡡
Ҵ£Ϲ˵˵һ䣬ͱҪˡ
衼Ȼ۲֣£кԣźԵĻߣ궼ô̫ƽ
ɣŬ£ݣɫͣ촽
衵޲ʲôɣʲôڣ֮ȥдۣ󳯻ͳȻ㼸ԣҲǰúãȺŷ⣬Ҿֻ㣬һе
ɣɺͷҪãǲԴҪûˣȻҪˣǲˣ¾ͻŹǰЩ£
ҲǰΪʲôֿЦ󻹶һмӣһͷˮȥ˶һ£ȷ㹻
գ󳯻ϣɣһ£档
ة屧˺ü죬ճѵóϯɣվüҲûֹ
ɣóһճѺ۵Ĺףռ飬ԼԼ۲쵽ͼֽ£ҹ󣬷ӫ֮ƣԽд·
ԱиϳûסһЦ
ͬΪô꣬˭֪˭
ɣɹ˲óݼ˺ѷκ££Խӭɺ£Խӭԣ̰ݣ֮󣬱ߣʱ䣬ǹհ
ةɫһɣˣԣ
ʹˣı˵Խﲻá
衾һ񣬡಻ؽţɣˣ
ɣ˫ۺᣬѵ˵Щ
ҹһû˯ԼͽܺͼŬչǣαۼΪ˽ıܹȱ
ǰһԼϸһ飬С̫ҲѸٽӹһֽţɣɹֵ벻kǣλͬҹͬһۣλѧסЩҲİ
С̫ͷֽŷȥɳഫġ
ةһۣһͼϸϸ鿴ԽԽüͷɲɣɡ
ϸةŷɣ˫ͨ죨һû˯ģɫ㲣ſű£·ΪΪĲѡ
Ȿºģ
ة඼ʼɣԼǰɣɵжǲ̫Щ
µĴǿʼͷӶ
ǼȻɲţЩǿ־壬´³档
˭ܿôһȭԽʵ𣬶ĹʹžҪˣĹԽѾá
ԽǵĸԽ군ˣҲòȥ
ɣһԣŷ֣ⶼΪȵλʱɱ̫࣬ȱ֮飬¡
仰ԼӵģϾЩҪ˱ұֻܰѹʵʵȵ۵ͷϡ
衳°ͣ޹ЩͼֽԣҲмֵνδȰȥԺȵ۵дЩＺگʱ׼ãپɣ֮£ţۣȰĺָˡ
ţҪҲһ¡
Ĳǰʳ׼ã򣬵ǹˡ
ϾŴͨ㣬ĵ̣ⷢʳȵطʱһС˶Ѿˡ
衼޹۰Ĵ򾮺ˮ֮Ǿÿһã˳ʹһˣλԸ¡
Ҫ˵ѵ˳ǣ---֡
˵ˮһ㰲װãȰѼ㵽֣ܹǿϵġ
£˵ʤȻվ˳ֵԸĿ޶һƣֻβҲӰȡ
ةĻɴۣԱߵةϰɣǵطɽˮߣʵǻն񡣡
ŬʾҪǱȥˣ
ة࿴ʤ룬վټʤǰλʣҲǿԳеΡ
·Ȼѡ·׵ģҲΪе
ȴȻ
С˵ʤ嫱ȥϣȻϣصʱؼѾɢе˶ȥ˴䡣
˵ĳƺڴʱȻתʤС˵ĵ·һƺֲͬˡ
ãͣһ£ŵȥ
ҡ
;ʧ
ʤϲл¡
˿̵緢ͬС˵ǷϽꡣԼһ·ؽ˳ҲذϢԽΣѡ



50¡ һȺ
ȻҪʹ, Ȼ͸ʤ˳ƷνһҲ, Ҹ㹻Ȩ, ѡʹԼеĹԱ, ׼һС˻ʤһ·ǰ
ȹ, 衻׼һЩҩة, ̫ҽȥظ
˳һߣǵϾͳը, һȺΧסڳɣɣߡ
ɣɶͷ亹һεε, ɫʲôǽǵΧĹ˿ɲ, ֣ҿɾͽˣ
ةһĵĻͯ, Ʋ첻мϹһƤңողͦ˵ôֱˣ˻Ļҵǲţ㻹ҹһֱʲôֺ
Χ˷Ц
ɣɹŲӣ㶮ʲô˵Щ, Ϊ, ⣡˵Ķʵ, Ų, ǧȷ, ûѣұ¶ˣҲֱӰˡ
˵ã⻰һ˵Ц̲ס˽
˰ɣҿֻб޻ѣԼôߡ
ְǰҲûôãôȻҿɸ㣬ҪǸֳʲô۶ҿɶζ㡣
һȺ󳼿ɣɵЩ΢͸ŵ⡣
˵ˣڳģ඼ǳż衿£ģ˽ģҲֻϣܹԼøλһԼ׾Ӯõ
ûˣҪʵۡϾҲûãҪˣܻ˭ȥ
ةһʼҲЩɣſں˵˵ˣ̲ס˼죬ָ죬ָ£
ʤЩסة˸к׼뿪
ɣæУСشˣʤϷ˴£ʹҲԵҽΧ
ʤѾ󲽿˳ȥǲôġ
ʤı¸ţڻʹǸоޱȰȫ
岽һʮһڣһ·֤˵˻ʹ򾮾Ҳھһ̿
ȻɣԺԼǻ˹𣬵һϤˣȻдӣԵݵ˼衵׼֮󣬻׼̫ҽϰɣ̫ҽԺԺˮƽʵϰɣ·ϳʲô飬Էһ
ʤһ̫ҽԺԺ׵ĺӣǾܾ˼衵ĺ⣬ʹˣû취ʹߵһܲס
ǲˣ̫ҽ̫ҽҪǵˣǿû°˾Ȼ
⵹Ҳǡ
衷ǸɴԼɣѡ
Ҳûôй̫ҽҲ̫ǵˮƽҲͺȺĹ仰ѡ
ʤ˳ȥ̫ҽԺֱȥϤλҽŮȺҪȥʹϵİ壬ܳһͬǰ񣬶ĿҲ
̫ҽŲֻȺ㹻լʺѡ
ʤҲǿȺó㹻ĳ⣬ǰЩҴӼ﷭˼ҽ飬ŶмˣһЩõ飬Ҳã㣬Ű⼸ҽ㡣
ȺһϣѾЩĶҽ±ʣĿƣá·ϣҪҲҩ
ʤȺԼֽţóҩȥ̫ҽԺҩ̵ԼҪٵҩȥûæãͼһƷٷŻ׺˽
ɣǣ̲ס죬ͣȺæͷ̫ҽһƿҩҸ첲Ҳ˼顣
Ⱥ
䵭ҩݹȥѵһΡ
ɣæл֮ǰȻʲôǿʵһŲȿˣСˤģǱ˴ˡ
ЩˣһֱߣܳȥһСľͲȿһ̨ףȻˤ
Ⱥ֪ˡ
ڵҲס
һСģֱ˴Σա
ʤĶ뿪ʱ򣬼Ϣעʵʣ衵͵͵ˣؾʱٸף
ʤŵãҵĺϢ
ûо籩ɣðҲδ㽡
Ͷ˼衵Ļ֪Ϊ湻ˣΪȺ뿪ˡ
Щģһ벻̫ҽ
Ⱨ˱оɣһëͣԲĶӺ˴һ
ӵͷ
衵˵ֽţЦɣ̫ҽרŸµĶ
ӴӼ衻̽ԴԲԲԴ̶̲סֽƳ
дǣڶʮڣøӼزǿ
ȺĲдЩͳĹģҲעظʽüԱԼ˼룬ȻǽķԼʳҪעĵط
ӾһԴĳ򣬸ɳȥͱסβֱϵ˻
ḧӵëȻôϲɱ𹼸ĺ⡣
衷Żʳһ仰ֽãȻڸӵȸôҲŸ룬ɱӶҲأȥ͹ȥ
򣬰Ťͷֱ衺䣬̲˼衵ģȻſ򣬴Ӵ˳ȥ
汼һȦ֮󣬸ӵķԸѸ٣ںĽֵӦڵĹ
ԺһСߵͬŴ󺰴У쿴ʲô
Сͷ̧ͷ볰͵ɴۣǸӣ
ⲻǸӣڵҲһֻӣұµĸľԣ׳˶Ŀ
ȣǰֻӣҲͦĿġôģҲˡ
Сߵͬô죿׽ס٣
ӱıܿˣߴٽ˼š
ţʱһ㶣̲ס𣬡ģ
̧ȣʾϰŵСͲ
һѱӣüºͲ٣¹š
СߵͬĿɿڴ
С˿ĭǺǱµĸӣ˵ֻԱһ׽
ߵͬŸ͵ǸҲ׽״ˡ
ӣ·Ѿһࡣ
СһҾ˵ϸȲ״ˡ
ЩڵĶ˿ģΨĽһ˷ϣʱʱ𣬲ĸ顣
Ҳû˼졣
ڶգ衾͵ԼͻЦʫһ߲ʫĲŻ
գյ˸Ӵż
գԼ£˳ҹ̸衻͢һҹ˵ƻҹδϨ

Сԭ԰ţΪǶԺİ״˾ڱλλͱµΪ͸ġ
Сޱ飬ͬ˳߹Į˫»ȥ棬Ͳǰ״ˡ
˹ɣʱ򣬱¾ͻ״˴ţһʱţطɣ˫ʱ򣬱¾ȥĴ̸ģԼĶ
һһ˫Ǵƽ¾Ƿһʱ׵ûбʾ԰״˵ƫ
ңŵʱ˽´ţȴǴģϵʢΧ˶⿴
ÿ˫ӵʱ򣬰״Ҳѹһ˶˳
ͬһ㶣ӣڨڨ㣬Ĺʹˣڸոߵſڣסˡ
ſڣŭǣòߵֱ˸סˣûܽǡ
ΧİջԴǵװ·ڿϡڿˣϷġ
һ·ԼԹĿܹٿư˥䡢عϡȲĹַɷ̵һȺӡ
ؽԼƵ˹ȥ˿ţǵš
ʷ߷߲ƽ˼ӣԽô£ôҲǹͣΪʲôɴ󳼳ӭӱ
񿴰׳һҲ룬ǰг̣ǰ͸õˣǰڳãûӵˣȻͻȥˣȻģȣ
ôˣʵĹĹʹǾôңҲ̫ˡ
һɿָԼҺôҲԽΨһĹµãһ·ǰ⻹
ŭĿӣͼаֵĳԣ
زϻڶǻƻʱˣٲι
Ҫߣæϣȵȡ
˵ʲô߽һɵۡ
ֻ뼯·һש룬Ǿòȫͬ˶õѣ˵Ц
ǲƼݣҲû˷ס
ֵľͷһռĴĲݣⶼ˰գһʮ겻վ̨ϣжԼĹߣ̵տǡ
˾㶼ͯҲã꣬࿪ʼѯʡ
Զľ¥װһ£ĶķӸ͹ǴԼϲķΣ󷽷ڽͷΰȻǸã˴١ȥⷱĹҪҼ֡
ڰյľסԺ䷽棬Ҫʤһ
һ·ߣһ·ľһλÿţҲ֪Ҫ޽Щʲô
ʶˣĹʹҲ𾪲ѣĶأﲻ֪Щʲô
ǣһȺӣ߰һ䡣
㣡ջҲջضԽһ˿̾Ȼأ˷ŭѡ
ϣͷʣӽʮͦΣɷ˵Ļһһ仹㣡
ŶԼһڻԽľݲκ衣



51¡ ˣ
ةյؾһϢʱ, ڻ԰طɢط˱ŻèһһСԹ, 񶼲ԱƲ
ةèצһ, ´߹, үؾ, ĹʹҲˡ
~èط˻˶, ط̧ȥæɡֻүɱ, ̫ҽ˵Զ˾꣬ҲúúС
ةһ, ڨڨһЦ׼һҹ, ҹ鰲׵ͷ, Ұ´ͻ
ȵĹʹߵʱʱ̣ةԳ棬˰׵סվȻ˹תĹүʵһ, ˵Ӳ齲վûˮ, Ƚ˰һ, ˵Ǵһ, תͷȥ˻ʹ, ȥѯʱµҪҪ˹ȥźǵĴ
ةƽҲ࣬ãҲˣվʮ꣬ûнӴʹߡƽԱҲ˿ЩˮҲû˻עЩ
Ƚ˻ʹة౻뵽Ȳ裬̫͵˯ˣѾϨаʱ
ة࿴һ۸©һͨæµѾǺʱȷʵѾЪˡ
ûةȾãܿͳˣةҲûϻةԽ˽ĹʹŽ飬ȻĿͶ衵죬
ûס˸ǷЩٲѣסˣǾɣԺԺ˵
ةĿһҪôԴ
ס°ɣ̾һ֮ǰ뷨ָоǸʣˣŰɣ˵
Ǳ´㽫Ǹöãةͷ˼оȰһƺҲԣǸĹү̫Щһá
֪ɡ
˵衺Ȼһ㣬߰뷨ة࣬ǷҶõĸӣ
ةࣺ
ûüش𣬾ͼ·æ޹ֱ衣ѯʣôˣʲô飿
ڵʲôҪ飬ǻȥ˯ɡ
ע⵽ةҲڣ΢˸к·Ŀӿۺá
ةգۣ۾ڰ޹תźһק
ӱµ޹˳ѡ
˵ǻȥ˯ɡ
˯
ةɫ΢䣬Ѹ˸ɳˡ
»ʹ̨׵ʱһԱߵ̴СķΧ̫ŹŬǷ׷׵үСġ
ة̾һϷһֱСġ
κЩܣʹ㲻֪Ҳײǰֲ
ةԶˣЦǣ֣෢ˡ
Щգôֹңһ˵ȥ
ǸãνԼŶǰȻҲη壬һţһ죬Ҫܹǰ
ʮָۣھͺܺˡ
׷ֻܳദѱԺЩΪ衺֮谭
Ҫõʲô͵øʲô
Ҫ衶ҲԸѹϺܵ˵ָԸ˵ĹϵԶر¶
ϣӦΪܵˡ
ûж˵ֻĦŰָ⣬е˼мٵȵȰɡ
ȵʱʱٰѰƵ
ǿƣֻȺ֮
򵥽䣬»޹һŴϡ
ǼģϤḶ́˯һסһԷڽԼ
ڼ衵Ĵӳһ£ȻӾסԼӲԼһģ
衣
ûӦ˾ˣʱЦˣɴһѽӺһסĶ㿪У
ʱʱ̣ؼԺةɵϵʱֿʼԼĺ룬ü˼ܾãԼʲô
ط˷˸ٲ˯Ҫʱˣ˾˰ɣܱǵģҲʲôҪ顣
վʴ˸磬վԺȴԽĹԱһϸõסլ
үȽһɡһԵĹ󳼿Ȱ
ٴδ˸磬ҪվʶǿǡǸԽة˵ˣϽ㱨ԽĻʵۡ
Ĺ󳼿˿ԶֻһƬڣҹãƲУΧ˿ֻпڷҡҷ˸΢Ĺâ
Ĺ󳼳ʵǣүǶ˯ˣĻ𣿡
ʱľǿԣ϶ġǲҾͲݣ

*
лҪ˵
Ĺ󳼣үǵȴԽĻʵѾʱˡ
ʣ֪Լ
Ĺ󳼣ԽʵѾŰ״˯ˡ
ʣ*&˴໰
ȽæȽ϶С



52¡ ؿʯ
ڶ, 衲ûãţ˻, վĹʹ, ˶ʮ, ǸĹΪأѾˡ
衣
Ǽô, Ҳ벻Ϊʲôôûáһҹ͵¶ʮ, ˵Щ˻඼ǹپҪְͨ
ʹʹǶӦѡõЩҲ̫ˡ
衼ҪͣЩ˵ĸӶȲ, ϾĸӶܾӣڱ߽;֮ɸء
ʲô, Ȼһ㶣Ĺ߰ٶˣôȻֻʣˡ
һ廹㽡ʹշ, ʹ̲סĥȻҹѡ߰ǰ, ִԽȷʵֻʮˣΪһ·˻·ϡ
ԱߵĳʹıӵλϵƽֻҲ̲ס̡
Ի֣Խ˻
, һ, , һ, ں﷭, ټһ
󣬾ֻʣôˡ
˼֣ûܵһʱ䷴ӦԽھ˻
˵ֲǻûʼ
ʹһſż衣ֱڹĹˣΪĹ·Ρ
мֲȷӦû
ǻʵۣһ·ж˼ô࣬ûǰȥ̵ݻ·棬Ҳȫھڲ·Կ䣬Ѿ޽ׯʱ˳·ҲƽһΣ¹滮˵·֣ڿԲͨ
ĵ·ִ˵㲻ʲôڹŴЩ·ǿ룬˴Ϊ𾪡
ʹ
һΣԼססСҴı
Ҫ˺üΣֹٵȷʵǳûΧĵȷʵˣҪɣԽǲǹֶʹǼԱ
ʹͷѹԼеĲŬתԽʵ۴ҩҽҼүָҲñ̸֤˳
в
üǣ԰
ҪĻλãֻźʾȻǵү˲ǻǲҪƶȽϺãվŰɡ
һӺĹүվֿǰȿӻֵ룬ЩӴϱ󺰵˵ԣ
ôһ볯βıɱ
ҪĹҽ·ϣŲȥԽ̫ҽ
̫ҽԺԺʱãֻ£ʱʼ㡣
̫ҽԺԺҽʮ࣬ҽ˵Ǿ˫СëҲǴ´࣬ү룬Ȼүָ
ȻЩ֣ұ֤ԲҲѡ
ʷС˵ǰΪҾ͵治Ĺҽ˵ģĴϸë룬ɲ
Ĺҽһ壬֮ҪҪҩƣԽ߲൹ͦҲⲻԽЩ߰Ķ
̫ҽԺԺ˵ţЩҰôܺ
ʹ״ɴקק̫ҽԺԺӣɴҼүҩԼץҩУҩָ
ҲмţԼҲѧҽ֪ʶ˵ԽĹ󣬵ôҲ΢жһ¡
Ҳ뵽һ㣬ųʹº˼֣Ҳ˿
̫ҽԺԺź룬ëʣߣɿ֡
ԹƬ̣±ʣ涣һΣһμһҩûˣм䲻ͣҩȵλá
ʹ̫ҽԺԺȻȲֽţΪԻãȻӲǰ죬ӿȥ̲סԼĹķ૵дĶЩɶ
ΪʹѡȻΪԽֱȽټϳҲֻǣǰֽţǿдʲôݡ
ԱߵķʹͷˣֽţһۿȥҲɵۡһ̲סĦһдĻͦɷ裬ϲ塣ѵԽҽʦǿһ֣סԼķӣѹԽûϺõҽ顣
̧ͷһֻۣͷ۲ѣȥ취ץҩԡ
ʹݺݵͷǣֻүָһٴӳ顣
ڱʹȥԼķװһԽصķװԱܳվα任λúͷΣȥһҽݣõҽʦܲҿⷽӣҿ֡
õҽʦӹӣ̲סͷȻһİƣⷽη纮ðģڻһʪȣĵˣ
ʹһ֢ܶϣûҩͺá
ҽʦŷдġĸ֣ͬ鿴˳ʹһۣҩе࣬ЧӦúܿ죬ܺá
ʹüЦ£ҼܳԿֽ࣬ˡ
Ϊգʹ˺üҽݣõ˲ĻظѡһȥץҩȻֶվҩ͵ʴǰ
ĺһҩھһ˳ҩֱ֭Ǻ˺ͣԡ
ʹûʶΣգߴٵүҩֻǿЩЩҽʦ˵ãػЧģһɡ
ʵɫ΢΢ŤųʹͶӣһԡ
ԴӸԽʵԶԶһֽȴҰ֮ʾͰʼ룬ԼҪη̡
Ŵ⣬ָҵϣ̽ԽʵǹԽʱҲ硣
û˵꣬ʾ̲ס˸硣
ڴʱʹСŽˣ˷ܣүϵϸʣµˡ
ЦһǸôôװȴˮûͱʵǱߵԵ׸ɵˣûõĶ
ʹڽԸϴκһᣬǸԵѾ뿪ˣ˶ԽʵгڵԸΪĹЧݼүˡţǧǣҲӦƣĹǶôԸԽͶһģмԸͶǵɽͷӡ
ڱ˵ˣǿ˵ͷ
Ǳʱ۾һ¶ͣһʼĵ׵Ĳͷ
ǰ˻׳˶߽ʱ嵶档
ǱǾһֵ죬ҲЩĶֵֻǸ뷹ԡΪ˽վݼүǷٶ岨Ѳߣɼүһ棬ǲס
ɽͷӶʸޱȵ۲ϵĽ񽥽̰
ʵǲĴ³˲ÿƵģҲ̾ԽĹʵۣǾнű׳ʿòίˡ
ǱҲʺ˵˵ʹǸǱıɱһǱظүģһȫԸǡ
ԱߵҲűģ׷ױʾԸǣıơ
ʱ⴫˼ʣôˣҿʱ䣬ǰ㡣
ʹͷ󺹣ڼǰӵľܽš
زˣôǡײ˼ع
ɫ΢䣬Χ˶һۣʱƣǸϽ
һ˷ɿףһ˴¹Ӷ˽ȥǱҲѸ᣺ߣͼסԼ
Ȼʹûסأʶͷðһϸܵĺôˣ
ش󷽷㣬Ͼ㶼˺üˡ
΢΢һůܵЩοԽôûԣлˡֻһ㲻ȥɣҲ˲
غɨһȦᣴһӰǰָ᣼ед̿ͣ
͵͵Ӽʲôˡ
ʶʱˣǴ̿ͣʲô̿ͣһˣСˣ˵أ㻹
ǱͼضһۣмΣΪ˴Ҳ͸һ˵Ҫȥʣû뵽Ȼ˫ײˡ
ҲͷһǵԼĸ߰裬̧°ʵʲôˣʲôģ
ǱŬı飬ǹؿʯġ
Цһƺţ׷ʣʯͷأ
ء
Ĵأ
Ҳء
ŭˣǺһݵͬأһˣôݣ㵹˵
Ǳָʣⲻǣ
ʣǣ
ʲôʱҪؿʯˣ
û˵꣬ǱͷһЦϣү밤±˵͵͵˰һؿʯⲻոչˣүԼϲ鱻˷֣ԲŽа

*
лҪ˵
ǱҿԽ밤
˵ģҽһļܣǸҿҩĿQAQģǿдɶ
齱ˣСɰ鵽100jjb,ȻҲ4鵽2jjbģ̲ס˼Ĳǲ̫˵㣬Ҫ´ξְɡ
⣬һЩ۱ˣǱɾģҾͿһ̨ۣˢ¾û


53¡ 
ɺܳ, ߼
ü䣬Ŭѹƴǵ𣬹ϳ˵, ԭϲ
ʵʵֻԼ˵ĳ, صд֪, Ҫ֡
ɫӲ۵ϳǱȥ, ޲ðɸӡ
һĶ, Զ²֪ܲٵ˺
Ǳͷֻû, үո˵ˣ, ϰˣʮˣ־зִ硣
Ťͷ, ޷εЦ⣬õǲ֪ʲôʱʼֳܲĦһ˵, һûˣİùȻǱѰ
һΣӻûãʱܲ룬ҽ˽ҵʹһ
˵, ǿ侲, 뼾س, Ľȥ׼ؿʯĵߣʯʹӡ
Խ, Խ, ̲סǱ˵ɴĴƣǰѶͶɽͷαװˣϾܱǱ˾Ǳĸˡ
˱˳ʰƽﶼС£һǮҲǣֻǽ̫֣ԸɴͶǵ졣
ɽͷӾʧı飬Ǳһλģ־Իע⣬Ǵġ
ⷬɽͷӰƴ
йҪЩ֣ò֪ˣԽǰɣܣһ˶ѣҲǸɽ࣬ô֪ԽͷƤԽ飬ԽǾǱɲ⡣
ɽͷӶڳϣɫң·һ̾Ҫȥ
Ǳ˸߲Ұʯ壬ѹ˵ϣ˴ģ˴󴸡
ʺͼؽ仰ҲվΧʼۿǱݡǲҲ̶ãȴøȤ
ʹǾټǱˣ߽ҧûõĶѹֻǸúĻᣬȴôӲһؿʯ
Ǳûѻ˵꣬´ȥȻְѴԱһףǡ˳ʹСȡ
ۡڵϵѪϵʯͷѿ䡣
ʹʹСȣֱӵȥѡ
سǸнࡣ
Ǳʱ֣ŲѣҾ˳һӣϾҲû뵽λվ̫ˣͲСҵ
һָǱ۾Ϲôôҵʹ

ĳɱһǧ˰١ʹѡרԽ׼ֵĴ󳼡
֮ǰͷǱе㺩Ҳûϵܺϡ
ؽȥ̫ҽǲŲæǱ˵Ȼˣ˵⡣˵ˣⲻԼؿʯֳЦˣɫУⲻ󡣡
üΣѹͷķ꣬ЦһˣǶ߰ɣС
شǱʵһ㣬ȵ̫ҽһλʹΡ
ʹᶼˣ֪۵ĻǸжġ
һ㶣ĸоԽ΢żصǸ⼸֣ȻĶַŲ棬ɴû˵͵Ĭˡ
мڣ̫ҽԺǱ˹ǲ̫ҽ˴ʹɱһĽϵĶ˿ǰǣľ̶ã侲УȹǶˣ°ɡʱ߶һȳ˿ɲΡ
ʼάű飬ҩɣʹ㵽ʱվ˰ɡ
ʹ޵һѱһᣬүүҰء֮ĹŶ߹ˣѵҪһԽ
ʲֻǶżأѵƽ㿴Цˣȥɡ
ȵ߳վûѹ֣Ц˳عֱ衵鷿¡
õԽ˽Ȥ£صĹүǺı飬һ˵һЦ˵ҪȥһЦ
żؽҲʱӦ̲סĥһ¡
Ҳ֪ҵǻ£Ҳʮͣٹ죬ļ񣬻Ļ¡˼ֱ׵Ҿ㻹С࿴һʼҹޡ
ʮͣ嶼ûãǱ˰ɡ
ңС˵κѸա
غԥͷӦˣãҲô̸ۼޡ
˭֪ɻԺ󣬶Էǹ
Ǹ죬ϲĹݣֱǰ乬ʱ߰һѡ
衷һеĹ飬ȸ±ʣûģʵ˭ɻ鶼УûѡԼ߲ԣǡ
㲻ܺĹԽĹսǱȻƣҺ֮䣬ݲ¶Ů鳤ɱĹĻնݳǶˣǲȫ棬ʹҲס
Ĺʵһֶβ̣ϴ˸κͽκİֱӱΪˡȹ񡱣е˰գκֱӼӱյ˿ֱӾ͵նκĽҲһֱƽػš
ĹĻʵ׵ܵȢһ𣿻Ǽ衻ῴڼصϾͷŹĹĻңŹôһĸ󻼣
Цˣʱ򣬾ʵˣĳӰҲ̡
ŮǳеģݹѧƷһ뵽ľŷҶθ˵మҲܺӣⲿƷǴдBE
ڼ衶ԣĲϣôһ·
һ㶣ⲻţ磿ôȥĹ
˵пϣЦһҵݣҲҪ޸㹻˰ɣҼǵĹĻʵλãʺҲˣĹδĻбµģҲǸʣҺһ·֣ܿң
˼һۣݹȥǰˡ
С˵غĹǼ޸ʣʾ˼꣬ϷԽѾ˶ĵļ󣬶Դص̬ȵǸ˲١
Ĺ飬Ǻʾ˺׵ͼ˵ҪΪǵһλޣԽʵ۰һ
ӡǡ͸ϵģӡȴϣӡɫʡ
衴ĦĹʵ۶Ժ򣬵ǿԽѡȨһʼҲûģڸı뷨
ԽֻһλĹҪȢ˭ⲻš
ֹסһЩ˼飬ϲң
漴ַɼ֣˼·ɢˣҪϲϲɣҲϲСΪʲôϲңΪ˵ϲҲϲ
Ҫģʵİûͦء
衵õ˼ص׼ȷظֱǷϻһȻӵһߣʱ͹ȥ
æԼĹҲˣ򶨺ͼش˸к뼾һԶĵطʣµ
Ư̲סܾãƺһŰЦ˺üΡ
衵ִס֣һȻĹģ治ɫĲ
ż衷֣κμ衻ʼָȥָż۸۸ġ
ĸǼĵطֲܶ㲻ܶ±ط֣ɿż衣ϣ̧ܸ֣һǻȥ١
һתǲʲôܣ
۾Ȼһ
ȣȻ۰
ǣż۸һѣҲְɡ
״ӱ䱾Űģ˳Ħơ
ô棬衵ûʲô֮ǰҩȣҸ˵ҩ͵ø飬ҲԸ˵Ҫ˽˵
ضʱվ˼衵һߣҸҲΪãҿȺҩٸҸɡҲʲô£ʵڲУɤܲˣҲԻˣҿǸ˭
ػס衵֣嶯֮ǩ²ƽԼһȥ
䶼ˣ衿û˵ʵ飬߼ǶЩʲô顣
ǰΪԼǸѾ㹻󵨣衽ģȴֵֹ˯
˿̣վ
Ǳַǽˡ
ľˣżʵ𣿡
ˣǱиеȴСӣ˵ãһһٷۣһȵ۵һǵµģǾ
ֳһ⣬󣬺ӡҲȷɴϲɽ
һֽһֽӣǱˣЦһᵹ˲ٴ󳼣ȻôۡҿЩۣ֪ЩҪģǸȵۺı¶Щʲôˡо͸Խþƣδɶˡ
վٷǽ뿪Ǳһӻƽ𣬻ͨõƱɸпһĹǮ׬ɵģ治֪ôүġ
֮ǰŰңЩŵʱǶ۾鷿ҵģԭΪѾǷƷˣȻó



54¡ 
衰ͼѵþһ, ˼࣬һš
ضżЦЦһЦݺ, ⡣
翴ȥǸ, Ҳµ, ԺҲԶӴ
ԾתһȦﲻЩɻ
Ҫ˵ǵļ, ƺֶһ
Ҫ˵Ѽ, ǻ뼸
ΧһڻֵĶ棬ռ˻ֱߵλ, Ҳռ˻ֱߵλá
ңֻͰ۵, ż
Ҳɣһ·, 浽󣬼Ѿظſ, Ҳ˻˯
衵ֺͰֽһ˴һ˽
ͰˣǷˣʲôʱʼ
ҲЩȣһ, һûꡣ
衺Ļ, ɱһʼԼҵЩ󵨶, ž˿ڸ
һ, ʾһԼܰƤķ, ͬ⣬а㻺գαĴΣΣ

ЩŸģҲûô
ûü˵ͱ衸˹ȥ˽һ
װŲ飬һΣǡײһĻƼѹŰ״ˣ֪ʲô¡
һ£ѸٽԴڸ첲̲סĥȣǲǸðŻַŷ硭ǻʹӦûв۵˹Űɡ
ˣ衹һˣȥӼ˴ӱ߽Ͻ
֮ǰļգλϽؾ㲡һؼһҹ̫ҽԺ˹ȥأǷ˸ͳ͵ϽߣֻܳŹ
ڽ磬λָЩ
λϽĹΪһƷδ⹫һĴССսǷλĻʺĸףǱĹ˷ΪԽľĹڱ߽ΪλϽֵ壬κԽȴžҲô֪ĹȵҲЩ
һ㣬ҲںﱻУ˳ԽʵܣѹԼĽ죬
С˵յǷ˵ѶսɳʷУ򵥼¼Ĺ
ȵ衼ʱۿҲһȡ
ʮ꣬桢˪ʵдգƣֱҲ¶ϡɼ˰̣ü䶼һۼµġ
ڱ߽ʮֻ꣬ʱڳھʱҲֻǶݻؾһʱ䣬ʱ䶼˱߽ԽĹսۡ
ŵʱĹδ̤ԽĽ粽¾ߵĳѾͬһ̲࣬Ҳٹʱ߽սۣ˵ͽʿ
ͬһסȫȡ֧Ų¡
λ񣬼衲ʲôǣֱӵϽ
Ӵྩ٣Ǵ󶼴󸹱㣬Χһһ֣衵֪Щʮûμӹսеʮûȥ߽һΣһҲʹɽ˸սܡ
衵ʱϲԿԼӮһۣЦˣȥǸӮɽͷӸаˡ
ʧ֮࣬Ҳɴÿ֣Щ˻ɱһ󣬶ʣµȺӹҲΪΣЩ˵Ҳûʲô£ռλȴû֮ƥĻ¡û취Щ˵ְĵְŵţԼûռݼҪλ
ӽԵײʿĸȻ󽫾Ͷ˼ϡ
ļƻɿλˣʵЩ˵
ϽȥԺԽҲûӢˡ
ĮϺδգ֡[1]
ֲòãΪû˸ϵĹҲ޷Ъ
Ͻ㾫ӣ˫۾񣬡ԸΪЧĪҪԥϣȴϣ廹㽡˶Ҳƴһ
źõլԺֵ̫ҽҩġδŮЩǼ衵ĳ⡣ˣһͬؾʮҲʹͣʿҲһݾá
衵Ķ飬ҲԸΪԽһ
ӣսɳ
Ǵˣ衺λϽ򵥽䣬ֱ⣬Ҫһ佫ѧУһ٣רѧϰụܹ̋λá
ĳȹ̳٣֧һҵĻʯ佫ȱٲġ
뵽ɰǰ漸εвһͶžطҲԽĽˣȵۣ֪˶佫û˸¡
Ʋӣһ˿֧ţҲҪٳɳ
鷿ĵƻδϨҲһĵҹ
Ƿ˱֣عൣǣǺɱ֮ˣҲɱ佫ıһľ档
Ƿ˿棬ٿȻ£ͷᣬӽʮҲ˼̬Ǽ˿ΪʢʱڣʮˣֵãֵܽսɳɩӺ͵Ҳ߽ȥҲԶޣãҲʣҺ͸ˡ
ŵǼңˡ
Թֹȵ۶Ǽ̫˿۾ãҲԹֹĹ̫ǿ󣬵ֵģԼ
ڻʺλϣȴûȨûȡΣûΪʿ˿ĺô˺λҪԶڱ߽ĸ繬˱һ
ѡ˼衣˼ء
ϣܹһϣܼ̳кǼҵ־ϣԼĸܹꡢ˺˳죬Ҳϣ߽Ӵ˰ȣղս֮ࡣ
鷿衻ںϽ£УĿһʼ̫ãĹʹŻڣϽǶд輸Σһǵķ񡣡
Ͻڱ߽ôûסƣȻҲȱӣĥ£򣬿ż衵ʱ
һǵʹҲòһۣٶвҲкü챻˹˲٣ãǵ˳ᣬҲǵĵϸо̵ġ
ĹʶһԽʵԽҲʶһĹı
Ͻǵ֮ԽԽüƻУ˼䣬ǵƥĹԽӣû¶٣ЩǹǿԳʱ䣬ѡһЩƷʲĸ֡ЩĸǵƥҲһЩ
˻ཻ뷨Խ˵Խ𾢣Ĺ˸ŵװס
磬Զվִһ磬һ£оЩ䣬ָԼ˼·ԼŶӵˣʱ佫ۿһ飬ཻǾмĲɲκЩϣм۵ġڵߣǹʵ۵עȥ˺ü飬Ϳһֻ֣ʶ
廨ڻŵѰѹϲҪǱʻҪΪǹ
ʹڴϣȣ̧߰ͷҾ˵Щ󳼴̫Ȼ˼˵ǵĻʵšĺ¾Цȵ۵Ǹʺ˵ˣʵ۴ֲʶһǰ鳤ʲôûҪ˹ʺˣôܳΪʵۡ
Դߣλʺû˵衵ĻĹһһѼ¼Ȼһ·˵û취Ҫٵȵȡ
̲סͷؽһʿȥһЩӵˣʵ֪״˼ںδ
ǰҲһЩԽˣ඼ЩͼԱͷЩͨ
λҲСų͢Ա˽֣˵ͷǰˡ
ʣ
ϵЦЩûܱסһˣλߴأ
ʿΣҲˡ
ʳĬ룬ٻһЩŭأ˿ԳƣǻƷɣܲҲ˰ɣ
ʿǵûС
һΪԼҵһԽʵв֮ʿʿ˵ǳжֱӱͷˣһ·
ʣ
ʵۣ
һסŭóġǸΨһĵ֣Ǹʲô֡
ʿҡͷҲʶ
Ѿˣƽ͵Ǯһǧ
ȻǼΨһĵ֣غҪ
Ǹ֣۵ļֵҲ̲һˡ
ʿ̾ȷʵʶүҲΪˣҵͬҲӦòʶ
ʷ쭣ʿ͵֮ǰ½һָĸʹõǾɰ壬ȵº󣬾ҪȫʹˣѹûǱ˵ְɡ
ѧʹˣѧѣӡ°ĸͱЩһգ򲻵
ʣ
ΪʶԽ֣ʮͨԽĴ󳼹
ֱֶӸˣе׼ٴա
ҪԽʵµΨһ˴ʶֿʼ
һ·Ĳ˳̲ס룬ǲԽʵ۾ĹĿǣȻΪʲôÿһܸպð

*
лҪ˵
עͣ
[1]ĮϺδգ֡סby



55¡ ˭
ֳʵͷʹ, һ;ۣ;ܡ
ʵ̲ȥɴ˸ʱ, Խʵ۵ġ, ˸׼Ӧ, ǧӣʲô֡
ɨһ, ѿڶ, ʺ
ʵЩε⻹ǵһô
æ, Ҳ˵㹷ʺ, ˵ʺ
ʵɫԽԽѿ͵Ҳ˵ʺ, ˵дǹʺ
ϣЩĹ˲ɣ
ʣ
Щ, ǸԽʵۣΨһ֣˹ʺ
ʹƲѸٰ˰ߣǿŰвȥ˵, պþͳɡ
ɪɪ, о̫, յС
ȻỳЩ۱ôյһ, ǲǹ, ɳ֣ȥǸ
һʱȥˣȥûлľȥʮˣûлĬȫ£
ȵڶ죬ţͿۻʮˣģﻹŲ
¶һĨ΢ЦոճȴЩ֮ڴ϶زأͰץǾȻʳĹĹϡⲻҾ͸ɴǶʡ
ʱ񣬾Щˣʶ
ʵĿһɨ䵭ʶ
ˬȻ˵ʶȻģЩʹĵնˣ
˵վЩ۷׷׶֣𳤵ǵĲӣеĺƴʵķȥֱϻͷ
Ѫһأʮ˳ʬ׷룬Ĺʹ˺ЩϤʱۿˣҪǱסܵ
ȻҪʲô
һЦȻǸˡҪ
ʱ˻Żη˼񣬾һЦﳤȥ
Աߵʦүǰάһ֣˵ɽ𻢡
ЦһʲôҪ̫ˣûӦҲûЩ˸ҪҪǽɾûôԸΪˣϾҲ룬ؼʱԸԸһѡ
ݺٳʮ꣬Щµѧʿɶء
ڻʹյһ鱨
ʤȺѾȥ˰壬һ·˳ȻѾʼ̣ͱһͷĹǰ깤ٴ͡Ѿʿַȥ׵
һĴӣֿʼ·˳㰲ƣƱҪͨĽͨǱȥϽ̱ȴǽܣͱ߽ĽǴһƬ䳡Ȼ졣
ʱˡ
衺ۣãȥɡ
ѮʽټĹʹƺƴĹʹŶ빬ٿᣬٹһͬǰ
Ҳʮ䣬ĹԽΨһһʽ
齭ִһڹԱվӭĹŶ빬ѵλһʧԶӭ
Ȼλһ˺Ȳ衣
Ĺʵ۵İܣȵ׷ҲĹʵλǻۼǱ¶Ǹһȣ˿һЦȷʵѵãҲʮˣǽյһμ顣ةûЩȣ˵ةˣ֪ɺãϧĹҽ·ϣȻԽҪû¾Ȳ࣬԰͵Ĺ
齭ֺЦɵúܣˣ̫ҽ˵ˣٻ߰겻⡣
üһô˵üζʵѪôҪ˰ɡ
齭ҡͷϢʱˣ˵ȵۺ̫ӣǱ¡ô֪ЩѲȥǣ
˫һ֣ղɢ齭ָɰͰµּ⣬˵ʱ磬˦ˣϵһյ趼ûꡣ
ˣʹֵ̫ӲˣҪҿָǿų档
ŭԽʵҲ֪Щӵڼʲô
ʹΪʵһ裬үǣةʮ࣬ϽҲʮˣǻ˼ˡһͬʱȥԽȻͲˡ
ɱȡȼųȵĹâ
һߵ佫ԸΪĹЧ
ʱ񲿹ԱһδͨһĹʹŽ롣
һ˵ĸţȫԽ̷˾輧̨תԾʦĹԽԽ
ʸɴཫŶӽɷԼҲףһݵĽʿĳͨЦȴʧĿݻЦѡ
߽ǸʾͱĿĽЩϹۡ
ֻ̨룬һһ׿ĽΧĲҲǽ鲼һ·ŵƽʡ
ѵûһķΣʾȣλԶҲˣĹȻǱãλʹҲǧ
еƣѵֻǱã
ʵҲ̫˵ˣһүҪ
ʲ̫λֻϴĻʵۣôʹߣҲ̫ŲһҲء
˫ֶةĳϽ䳼ΧĹĳ佫
ʹһ䣬ȵ۵λʺȵ۷֪̫ڣ
ǰеļȻ̧ͷϵķأһֱ֧ӵ˵˳ǲһʹñܣҲֻüӶʽ֧ƫ֧ǽñӴɳȥֱֱ֧ǽڣľֺͣ
ΧһУ׷׶
ɫѿոսϴľ޴ɱһ|ǿˡ
ʹ£ͷʶʲôǱһˣ۾żࡣ
ֻȺ˳Ա˳ŵûţ̫ôҲڣҪȥĹ̫ҲȥǷǽ¸飿
ʹôһǷǺˣҹ̫οߺˣô⶯䣿
衷ܵҵܵܣС湭|ʱСİ˵طˣ㲻û𣿱ҵܵһƽϡ
ϽҲȻλʺȵ۸ǷŮ
ǽ˲䣬Ĺ˳ڵӰʹһֱһȺҰ
ѵԽһˣԽſҵдһ
Ϊһ빬Ҳ˲ˣܲ֡
ͬʱʻصǿſ
Ǹʮ˵Ͻ
ɨһˣûü˵ͼ˷վ˳硭֣Ըһ
Ͻż衵ͷʾСة״˸ƣʾ˲Ҫ˵ȫָ
ˣ˵֪ڼǰ߽һʱ䣬ҲݣӪһʱ䣬սĥ
Ҳֻм֪ĵһȫװ˳ǧ־ϣˣĿǰ˼ء
ЦһԽı£һŮӳͷӲö𣿡
⵹ҲأҪеŮӣö𣿡



56¡ Ե춨֮
˿ΪԼ, أѹѹķͷֳ, ҿɲ㡣
֪νЩŭ
ôҪã
̫༰ʱ䳡
Ǹ¥±һյ, Ҳ־ĵط, Ǹ䳡Ҳˡ
¥Ϸ羰, ̨һ, غԵˣվԼĶս
ĹŶнվ, ѻȸɷĵĻӶ任͡Ƕ, ųȽӽһĴ󵶣ɭϵӿ
Ҳ֮, ˣǰŴͶ, ų|ǹɢɹء
̨ϵĳһģԼ˵սôǲ̫Ĺսжǿʢǻͦġ
ϾԽ, Ĺٽһκ, ѾʮǰĹˡ
, 
Ҳ, 䣡еѸٷɢ
·ʼ, صĶɢ¼ᣬĶһǳɣƵסͬʱǹɱ
ؿûٴν|ǹȵȫͿԷš
̨ϣңңһ󷽵òʲô츳Ҳ㶪ˡ
˵ãһ䣬ʵֺˣҲδء
̨µսһ˲仯ʼͣԽߣֱһֳ|ǹڵϣֱͦΣסǵȥ·
ʻȻߵ¥˴ۿһĳ|ǹٸҲ˲ٵĹʿ
ʴ˿̫𾪣ʵ˵
ⳤ|ǹеôͶ
Աˣ̨ϵʶһۣ˾Ĺ䡣
ؼ״˳һӣĹԱˣǳ˺󣬼ְԼȥٲԶӡ
˵һսۣƥǴҵıñһ|ɡ
ǰһУõĴ͹|ȫǼĽƹƷ֣䣬ȫ˼֧е䴩ӷԶǽڣûһ֧˷ѡ
ȫѻȸپԽĻ
п֣пŵ
ҲϹս˭֪ȱġϾ־ôҪսʼУʵ̫ˣΡ
ʺضһۣԽεĹ|һһ˿۶ط䣬һװȻֻͲƾʿıңɾʢӻԼá
衳ʱ򣬶̾ѣɱǿһ䴩һЩǽڣﵽİף˵ʱĸɱ
ʼһĨαЦݣȻǺãԽҴ۽磬֪׼˶ٹ|󣿡
źȷʵЩѣĿǰֻһǧܡ
ʵϣϵҲĿǰټܣĻֻǸģͣʲ֪ңңӣ˾תһȦϵһܹñûж࿴˿֪ȫǸûüƴװ
ޱתߣһǧǲ࣬ǵĻãؼǣسǵĻ͹ˣ
ԹǹǱسѣǵľĿҪسǵĶУҪȻǿڹǣһؿ궼ϡ档
ة״һЦƣ֣
Ҳ״߻ŶУٱȥҲûʲô˼ˡ
ϳʵĹŮдһһˡ
䶷УʹתӣĶ˵Խǰδ顣
˭˵ģٵġ衺ԥ޽ҹҹҹҹʱЪϢ
仰µľЩǺ˺䲻Ծˡ
ʹֻϹǣôùϻһѡ
ǷͱһīñѧϰһѸٽϣҲ硣б£ô˵滭һѡҲ㳹׷衵ĺƤ
ֻûддʲôˣ
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۾һУةһҪˣ
ʹһЦվȻԽµīУǲ籾һ㣬дһֳñ¹ǽϣչĦѧϰΣ
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ϵɻȣʼ衰ѹӳȥɫЩѿϻŻ衵ë
վǱ̽ȥȷΨһµܳʹԹȥĴǴţȻǣԼ׼õͷĸ
ǱĹƥٺһЦߵĸȥɡ
Ȼ֪ԼƥʲôڵȵٵλϹӡֻżһ񣬱㰲վ˰ǰ
״ʹҲվ˳ֵλϹӣС绻ʵɡ
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ĹʹҲû˼ȣϾû߲ãⱾһĿȻ顣
ʹɫѿȻһëͷСӡ
ˡ
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޲ôЦɴһվ
Խ£ձȢΪ²񣬱¿Ը˼һһλᣬȢΪޣ
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קקصӣЦһ
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⻰һ϶űӵֶһ£ʼ״鶸ȻתЩ
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ɣǰɣɵøú㣬˽õִ㣬ҪǴˣԽĹɾͳˡ
ͲˣΪһĹӣ衻ܾܾĹĹ
衵Ļк壬ɣɶһ£ǿζͻев񣬡ǡ
˭˭ķҪ˭£ɣɶһ㿴ĺһʱû취ʱɲȥ
ɢ־뿪ˣΪԼһ֡
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سˣɣֽȥĹȥڷȵۡҺʹλʹׯµĵط
ߵСͯȵʱһȥֻèųҪʢŰֵǸӸ򷭡
ӸͿСɵֻͣèϹ
Сͯͷ̲סʵʦô²ǰɣ
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Ʊ¶ǸĹһ㶼棬ֻûһۣûԷԣҲԼ˵ʲôʲô
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ȻһƬֻ̣Ȳ裬뿪
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ԥƬ̣óһźֽҲд֣һƣǿ䣿
ɣɨһۣ˲̡
һȻǱµġ
һ˵ģ˭ģ
ɣɵ۾ԾƮԼһֻϵֽе㷢̡
û˭ȥµԵ
һӣ㣡
ɣæͷۼŲֻܿԡ
ս֣ȻǺЩҲòЩš
ϣϣǸԢ⡣
ɣسԣСŰɫȣԵ춨֮ϡ
ģһŰ㣬ɲҶʲôֽš
ǣ֪𰸣⻹ǲ⡣



57¡ż ûѧ
, ɣɵҲû˵Խ⻹ǲ⣬𣿡
ɣɵͷ, Ҳ֪öԵＸ仹Ǹñһ, ͵ֳĬ, ֻλĿǰĺ˸Ͻ뿪
κΰû뿪ͼֱ, Ҫϥ̸ļơ
·һ, ǰûôо׾ϸȷʵ̫Уɫϸɡ
ɣֻǿ״, Ҳ㣬ʵѧղ, ֻܿ˰ָƥ䡣ı˳죬Եܲߵһ, ߶ãҲһ˵㡣
û˵, ֻǾĬȴ˿ûŲ
ɣɵѹԽԽһ飬֣߰˸⣬ʵ, һи, Թ, Ůɻ鶼Ҫ, ޽ᷢ, Ҳǵõسϵõķӣν죬οԲ˳ֻҪ˷֮˳ֵġ
˵ɣɾˣǣʼҵĻʺԺ׷ϳȵֲĳ⣬б°ͰͽʺԵȻͳˡ
䵭ɣϵǼֽһ£ˡ
ɣȻɵۣˣ
ǣôȻˣ
Ŷ䣬Ͳˡ
ɣɻûװҴȥʲô΢һЩֱ˴֪ͨҪ
ɣɲҵѸٸȥ
һûһ䶺ӣżһëɣʱ֡
𣿡Ҳϻֱ⡣
ɣæˡ
ʾߵĹ˽ǰһֽݹȥãһ£ȥָһ㣬ԢҪõģҪõġ
ɣɨһۣòӲͷƤѵ£ûдݡ
衻ȻǴˣһ£ǽġ
ɣɴ£Ǿǳ˲£
衲һûзԼŰ졣
ɣɣ
첻ˡ
µĻʺ󣿣Ҳ̫С˰ɣǶһճģ
Ұ쳯͸ƴһСȫͽ¡
Ұǡ
κμ衲ھ͹ϼҳԼļƣֻܺӦ£ʾ֭ʼ˼
ɣˣץŸӣ૵ĸüˣͣʱУǻ֮
Ӳֲ˲伾衵ģֻҲá
Ҳǡڴʱ鷿Լ飬Сպã衣ôˣ
ͦظŰ˼Ъ˸ߴ̶ϲá
ʱϸ˵ܸˡ
ż衣ҽҲܸˡ
ΪʤΪϲá
衿Űע⵽ֳִȡ
ĸ飬û취ݡ
㣬ǣ֣۽
ҲӦ
鷿ֻܿʣ˸Լһյµơ
ڵȴ˵˵Ц
Ъϣÿһţҳĩβҳ
ͷ仰ǡԵδ϶ȶϣбѬ[1]
͵ɳӣа裬˷йڿתһȦͼʮֻŸɢɳ
Ѹٵת򣬷һ󹾹Ľͼ顣
еŸеԥŷߣе̳ŸӿѺúк
Ÿʷųģصվ֮ԾԼˮƽޣɴཫҪϢдֽϣŸϣзŷɣͼԼĻִϢ
ΪԷ⣬һԷųʮֻӣصϢҲȫֿţһҲֻҪһԶʧУֵĴǣȻƴճ
ҲרҵӵˣҲæµС̫൹λүŸҲз˸ӵʱ
ֻϧûԸȡλרŸӵ̫
ȵһͼԺֻӣΧмģȻĴ󡰸롱һŸĳԵøɿ
̫ԱߣιʳιˮԸƫһ㣬ԱߵŸдޡ
衣ģ
衶ɴˣüһ
һҹʱ䣬аһˣȻߣһϲʵȻһԹֻŸ룿Ҫ󹬻ҪСܣ
ﻹʸӣѾȵĵš
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ˣֱ˵߱Ǽȡ
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ʿɣɵ¶ɱúõôᲡţԽ˶ֽţвͽһɱһ
ɣɴ˸οҹ󣬷־з֮Ǳµļż
һɿȥﲻϻϵΣ衲źǸüȥ˼ż
ɣɼᶨȥµļżҲǼż󣬻ô˵ô˭Ҳһ˵ǡ
ʲջЦһ˲ţУǱԽµļż֡Խ³ɻ֮գкϡ
⼸գûٴӦȥһ䳡Խľӱԡ
ͬڻʹỊ̇ڹ⣬һЩƾϳʵ˽ڽʤʤ٣̨ȫչʾһ飬ǿʵ
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Ĺףģ죬ͲͿǾֵϢǸһֱû֣Ҳ֣չĹʵ
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һЩЩϽһЦȻˣϰɣãܻܾ顣
˶ʱ˫һ׷׼³
Ҳڷ˲Ծ
һʼӵһЩ󸹱ˣһЩʮʼа׷ˣһȫ˶ʮˡ
ǽеԽҲԼĹӪиļ켸춼ƽ֡
һڶվ̲סƢñ
ʹȻܶҡͷЦүʱ䣬ǵһֱеվˡ
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ʹ̾ԽȺʵҧгݣʹǵ̴ӣ˵Щˮ㣬Ծ͸
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ʱ䳡Ҵһ֣սϣ|չʾʵ֧ɢˣļ|ƿףһѪ
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ۼΧ˹Խѹһߵֿһߴ𣬡Ǻ̸̸սҲնʹοһֿɲʲôǵˣҪңһҲŹ㡣
ʶҲġ
ԽʵۣһԲϾɱΧվɱٶٲֵǮҲǸܲӳȥ
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Ͻͷһһ˫һץŸٵֲţ¸ղŷǸϣϵǡȣǱºϣ
Ҳ̫̼˰ɡ
ٵЦҲЩǸһӱ߽ġ
֪֮飬ȻҲ֪
Ͻ죬п˲ã˲á
һ߰ס衵֣һߵλպԽĹô棬ǱŭɢλҪȺʬˡ
㼾ҪЩҲע汳
Ҳһ㣬ҲͰˣ衣ⶪ˶ˣ
갲οү£òͷһԽʵһ֮£ǿˣ֮ǱҲһĻˡ
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ʺͷʹһۣ׷ȷʱǾԲ̤ԽطҲԲԽʵ
ǿһĨЦݣȻˣǿȻϹӣҵĹʹߣҲöϱʾǸ⡣
Ǯ¶һĨ΢ЦĹʹλжȻʲôᡣ
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ʹȻ֪ԼүĸôԸͷëæһѣ嵽ǰ棬ᣬᣡĹԸԽΪؽ֮ãôɱԽҪ˵Խµͷˡ
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ЩŭδеѹŰվһ࣬ȥɱ㣬۸
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ʹһʵүȻѾ̸ǺԽ֮ûôìˣǿԷЩ
˵˺̸ǩ飬֮滹ҪģսҲҪһʦǰԽĹǳı߽ףǩǹȥһʹˡ
Ҳɵӣ˭Ҫǿ˺ٺԼǾǶˣҲָùǡ
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Ҳ⣬߸˰ź֣Χú÷ߣֻǶ뿪һ·ѡ
ص˼ΪŸȻЪˣĹʿǱž룬Զ뵫Ҳ῿
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Űָһְֻ棬㶼͹ˣôܾܾ
ƿԡ
ӶϣͷǺ׽
յ֣̲סģƺһ档
սЩһĨЦ
衰֣ȥ棬Ҫ˵
Ӳһ
Ц㲻˵ҪҸŸ棿˳ϷɳȥȥҼأǱ߾ԻвŸɳ
ţԶĹŸ롣
ӱ衸ˡ
ƵڵоȼգżըһǣΧĹȫȥܰ
ҹ𣿡Ű֡
ƽؾף㶣΢죬໰˵ֲ֪Ӻ˵
鼱֮ºͼӵΧк棬в죬Ҳв
ǻûС
ٴָ⣬սЩʲô
Ȼ˼г뷨ɫ졣
衴˴ȲһѣҶ⣬һ仰ңԼں˼롣
ûк˼룬գգۣߣƺйâ˸ֻЩȣΧ뷨ƺûôѺãҪٵһȡ
Ҳһ㣬ǾҸģֻҪǰ棬Ǿⲻ󡣡
û塣
衰Ű֣˵ǲӦòһЩ
Լ߰뷨ЩͰͣʶӦ־òԣ⣬Ҫôô
һ棬ϻҹ˽ҲöҺһ㡣
ãȻͷҪôã
衸ɴཫڻϴǸ㿴𣿡
΢ǵ˵ͷ
üһǡٶһ
ԣС
ʲô
ԡ
衵˼·ڸˣ쿴ŰʳڣﲻԾǸ㹻㹻ȵݣһʱ㵡
ȴյĻץ䣬㲻룿˵˵һλЩۣɵǻӶġ
ȻѾô׽ΪʲôԸ׽һЩ
ǸжǿЦãѹͷĻȣ˭˵ģ
ֱտڲˡ
ܲ˵Ǯ⣬˵𼸸£þ˵һɣΪ⣬ҲұЩѵиǮ֪ⷽʶҪǱ衸ˣȥҵڶ
źϲ§һ̫ˣɡ
ż衣ûסʵΪ⣿
һ棬⻹
衼Ȼ϶˰ȻǸԴθ顣
Ű£Ҳˣܾ˵
૵Ƕ˵˸ϲϸġ
ţ⻰Ǯ˵ͬţ˲Լӣ˸ϲôİ¡
衶ʱ˭˵ģҵȻϲһ㣬ȻҲ֡
˵ţ°ţɴ౧һѣڴϣȫû⣬Ҳá
ż衣ȻЦ£á
㡣
ҵ֮
յĳϸ֣˰衣ȵһɨȥʱָֻĬװһʵģ
֮Ҳüȥ뷨
ة鶼סˣ糯½ʲôֵ̫飬Ҳ±һʱļ˵ʲô˲õĻ
ǿס˼ǷȥһЩδľһ顣
ݵĴӻ޽УֻһβĹˡ
ͱĲȶĿǰĿ࣬ԺԽٳɶࡣ
ʤҪˣѾ˰ˣ˵̸Ϊ˳ȺͰҽʦ˼ΣȻˣҪµصҽʦ
ǱҲڽ빬ֵõµĹϢ
յ˺ĺüڽһЩꤺüԺ󣬲òӲͷƤУ£ȵȥ꣬ȴյ޼ڲ࣬δҹ¼ţʳȿһԸΪ¹ѡ¼ˣʹ󹬡
ĲͷȥЩˣϾ¶ЩΪϹɱĹүⲻ氮ʲô
Ҳûӣûк͵Ĺû취ܻ䣬񲿵ˣþʺ˵ЩԲòСһϣľ仰˱µķιӣñ°ȥնˡ
ȸ顣
ȸ顣
ȸ顣
˷׷׳Уһ˼ʸȨиʼģд⿴߻ʵϲɫģҲеΪµͣӦðһѡ˵ġ
ةͷ۲ѣĸɫʾ԰ꡣ
ȻӲ
֪һճҲδãҲ̫һЩ
衿׵ˣüа
Ѿ˱ȥ׼ȴ˵С
ʱ̧ͷ̲ס࿴һۣºˣ̫߳ˣ
ıôô˵
󲹳ȻѡˣҲؾ̫ˣеĲ軹ǲ٣Ȱųµʱɣɸѡ
عǣġ
˳鱻ӵĴ󳼸û
Ͻûߵة࣬Сذþò
ةЦãҲʮ࣬ʮϽǰֻǡСء
ϽĽةһߣȣʵ˵ˡ
ةףҲˡ
˶һۣ׷̾
ϽϲҲʲôֵ̫һ㣬⵱һڣʱǰѱ¸סˣڵǲճ
ةпѣǲ֪ʲôζɱͱ˲Ҳźá
˻෢Է˵ʲô㶼Ĭ
Ͻ
ةࣺ
Ͻǿۿġ
ȣΪӰ죬ǿѹ˵Ǽ£Ǳ³һŭΪϣǿ˶Ƽ˵ġ
ةఴüģҲƼġ
ۿѶûãӱµ޹߳



59¡ Ҫ
ةԼµж, κϽһСةֻ˼飬ֻǹػӣԲʺһ, ǽ֤ݣĪ⿪, ˡ
Ͻ˵Լۿ, һʿ֤һĻȻµķ, ֻܱô⿪ڣ㲻֪ˡ
ةӲ, ˵ôͲ֪һ֪
λϳҪִ䣬ͼ齭ֲ֪ʱ˹, ɴۣλĪǶ֪µͼǿԸһѣ
ةϽһ, Ͻ̧ͷ, Ѹɿקةӵ֣ǰ, Ҳ֪ǰѵûãҲȥˡ
ةһؿڣ̾̾, ʹ, ҩû, æŹһ, ̫ҽԺԺ߶˰ʱ, ɲˡ
ѸҺɣ͵ûĻԷɿˣһɣȫϵĺۼ
齭ûüץסֻ뿪ȻԼٴαӿ˺û
õĴ󳯻Ϊһѡķ粨Žʼ
һȺ飬æµɤӽ˹д׫塣
ﲻգ˶ûܻȥЪϢݲ˼ڷȥϸ⣬ȡ
вߵѯʸߣôҪô鷳²˵ؾ̫ˣ
Ѹ߱Ŀһۣ㶮ʲôǱµǻĵһѡ㣬ѡĿǻδĻʺȻ˵˲Ŀض֪ͨˣʲôӡ
ôûʶѹ˵ҲŽǸƷ¡
֮󣬾дӣٴεݵ˼ֱߡ
һ߿һЦòпЩҲЩҪ·أÿѡŮҪ˼黭ͨ⵹ǲء
衸뻮ͼǰһ磬ȵȡ
ʼ΢΢һ٣衷±ʣʾ⼾ؼ
ֳ°ͣ磬ǲǲôѡǲǾ̫˲ˣ
ǾûҪôѡϾһϷ˲ҲڣϾҵ¸ЩطسǹԱҲһ֡
һƣȻ㲻ҪôˣҪ
ƾʲôĹףʮŮӶѣֲˣҲܶЩʲôܲҪɣ
ڸ衵裬ԣһ£һβˮ˳ЩѲҲˡ
ع˲˵ķӦֻĿƶż衣磬ô룬ЩŮӻ϶ʶĶ֣ûվѣټ֣û취˸ҳˣɶõ֡
ˣػһˣĿֻ˱ˣ磬Ҳ˵ҪһͷõĶЩŮӸˮƽǷŽ󹬣ǰװ̣ˣǽǷںʵĵط治١
ͷĿѣҪʲôŮӲȥ󹬲ȥˣǻȥ
££͢ٹٺͰСŮôЩأ
˵ãһ仰İ壬Уô죡
غͼһļϣһЩϸڣһҪѡʹһЩģЩģҪʶĶ֣ûܼģҪԸãĵġ
ȻȫƾԸسǵʣµܳԸҲɹٸؼҡ
ҲۼǱʲô˰ͻȥ齭ֿ衵ʱο
ɫΪҪ󣬷ԲѧƷ׼ΪѡʵɣΪѡ֪͵Ůӡ
齭ֽµ񲿹ԱһȻ潫䳭дݣ·ء
ⳡע䶯ȫҲʷѡ㣬˳Ļ
еŮյϢڸĸ߶»ӵݣԼܽһοԵߺƾ
ҲеŮŵʧϣΪͬλʺһ壬ʮ١
˲мһˣҲͼץסĻ
վĸ֬ӡӶȣƹϿҪЦ
ŲŲĹǿʼ߶Ļ໥̽Ϣ
ػҪæµһߵ˼ҶյϢЩ뷨Ȼ籨û뷨Ҳͱ̨˳ȥ
ƫԶĿһʱͨɸѡߣڲҪرԽʮ죬ԶԶˡ
齭ֽʾ֭ʼձµı׼ɸѡѡʮµһʹȥֱӲҪԸޱȴ
˻齭־ͷȴæµޱȣʮ죬߰¨ͷҲһѣˣôһˡ
ߣŮʮЩǺˣȻڶ࣬ˢȥһˣʮҲѡĵĵڣʮѡŮһ£һƷòѣһ黭ҲҲ൱
ˢ˭˭˵һѡ֮£ƺҲ⿴ѡ㣬һһûãҪ˾дá
ͺˡ
ۿҪʱˣҹ˯ž
˿²һԵʺҪ£ȥһʱ»ࣿ
齭ûЩʱ£ǻΪޣЩС¶á࣬ߣϺܵı˭졣¶Դкοģһ仰˵
ϳɾˣϽÿ춼Լۣܲͣ±˸ϣᣬͶˣһʾǾɼ˵ָһӣ̲סˣƨǰ̫ҽԺԺⴵԼԸҽһʹκˡ
˼Ƭ̧̣ͷŽֵˣλ¹֮лһ˿ѯһ
˵ȻҲ뵽һˡ
϶Ȼǰˣһᱻ¿أڶ´£ر֪ˣ񣬶ˡ
æˣȻײйףɫߡ
ڵĹڵҲԶҲ˽ָϹȥ
ֶŰ缸֣ãЩҪ鷳㡣
һڲ裬뽭¡
ֲɨһۣƺǽҩ裬ɲ棬ϻˣ
û룬Խһ飬ȻεŰ
Ŀһӹϴ򿪣Լкī
µҲѣиС⣬ñպպī֭
ִϲɣ
˷ĩβᣬЦ£Ǹ
ǰдݣ˻ûЩŮӵƽѾȥˣףпɽǿŮӡ
˵ʣµҪȥҲЭ飬Ϊһ֣ѾʼŰЩȫ
˷ĩβᣬЦ¡
һ飬ǸʣµŵģѾԼĹӡ͵һֱ֣ӳȥ
ָŮӵļóͼձʣ·ڵһҳǰĿհ״ˡ֡
ֿᣬɴۣϵЦݶʱӲһ˿ңͲмԥ㣬ͬãдˣڸĻɣ
һȥŮӵһͬɾȥҲù࿼ˣҲ˽˷ǣһ˵ոʽע˵ƽһǳɡ
ΪٶԺƷԸ˳˿ʣ黭ͨãϲ¡
ǰһڣֹҪߣɫ磬ȴ
ףĻɫ磬ͽ¡
˵ţֵ֣ܿһʣ˼ˣ࣬˻ȥϢ
סŰԶЩһû
Աߵˣˣ
زˣôҾô̯ڳ˵ҲйҥԣһֱΪǶǼٵİȻ˭ԳʱҰ
ԺȻˣÿն¡
֣
Ҫ
ϣظű졣
ة౾ȥԺϢֲòȥǰдˡ
ֱŲ豭˶ȥᣬҶһˣЩˣôͷҪô̼ң
ة಻߹ʵôˣǰѡ㣬˷𣿡
ᣬҰѡȥ˰
ةࣺ
ǿͦ뷨
ּԼ֣˵һһ
ֻҪ·ģ;
ةࣺ
ʱֱӣ׷ʣأ
˫񣬡ţˡ
ةⷴӦְ˰ĿڣֻԼЩϺͬΪ٣ĵԣ֪࣬ˣ
ةࣺ
бԹةͷţȲ裬Ȳ衣
ˣʤɣϽλֹȥ
ʹˣķˡ

*
лҪ˵
һˣˣҴQAQ
ȡһ·ݵȫڣûȡû˵



60¡ʹ С
µ, ̫տŴأǵ˻ƻʱ̣Χڷ˲ٱ, Ҳû϶ٵ⡣
С˵еĸɺҪ, Ѿһû, 衰¼£Ҹڳһᡣ
õĺϼ³, ϦڿƮɢ, ϣԼƴȣޱС
Ͼ, 飬˳һ̵ķڲԶ, ڸӴչʱ΢ЦֻǸ㿴, ǸԵġ
Ťͷż͵͵һ, ڼ衷ֵʱŤȥԾŵĵķ򿿽
üŸŬڸԼĿģɹǰһһѽץס˴ĶƤ㶼ˡ
Ȼ, ˲伾衵, ͼ
߹, ż衵
衲̧ͷ, գգ, ϸ
һֱܲ
ԺеĵһӦ仰
漴ܿʶֻûһЩţǹ˸޷ε˷Ծ
ſӣ衴°ͣЦ͵ˣȥϴһɡ
ӳż衲һһڵģųˡ
Ӧˡ
ǰ˳żһ˳ֽһ۷ϡ
ŬۿȥǿװЩҪæµ飬пǵһ¡
Ȱ߳ȥֱӳȥոյһ۴򿪣ĿⱻѹǸ
Ů᣿衿һֻۣͷۡ
ЧεǸߣʮ͸㶨ˣֻ
ǰķӦǲ֪ᣬˣ
ָ뷨⿴һֻۣտյֵ̫๬ŮҲԶĽˡ
һʮҳֽţһҳӡ֤Ѿ˹
ЦִͷһɨĿⲻԾ̡
ֻһҳһ棬дϤ֣ıעҲϤƮּ
Ľ£Ը飬׷ңһ޻ڡ
ϾȥĺĿα˵
ָĦֽţһëʱʼī֭ɺԣִһ֡
ӳԱ㣬Ҳʱ˻
һѳӣϣһֱŸһַᡣ
衵̷һôЩǿ²ǸԵ˼
ֻǷŷţ˼ֻص˵һҳĵһϣ̲סЦһ˳˳ëɰ
ͷ˲伾衵ģΪڿʱӸͣĽҪ
衷Ĺӡѵöӡ˲٣⵹Ǹѵõͨ͸ˣȻðд֣Ȼٲʹ͡
ոԡһһ᲻ϲͨŲ˹ȥδ߽˵ɰ
ɰ
˭ɰ
ż衻ĸӣޱ飬ΪԼҵλСɰ
ٺͼô׽
ӾŤͷһۣ
ûˣŤͷȥżȥˡ
ԥ£ոѸٶһô󣬽ľסԼӰ͸żϵѡᣬֻ鼹Լһλã˵ȷʵǷĹЩݡ

ˣôģ
һʱףֺ߽µõ񶨵Ĵ𰸡
ɻҲһЩΡ
ֵ߻Ǳز֮£ֻǼһĻ˵һᶼûҲǼٵġ
ż衸ĳŵ˽ֻӳ衵κΣԸóȥǺ΢֡
ҲԸֹ
ĵӦԼľܶҡȨ
ƻ轥ڣߵĺϼҲֻʣԣһƬȴ˴ء
ϣգֻ齥ƽ
һǡôƺĸڳأҵʺϵĹޡ
˼Ĺ£ӦʼաȻͷβҪźΪ׵衵ָͣҳϣþδߴҳλԽԽ࣬ҸɴҲá
Ҳã
ôҲã
ְϣѾЩԱ˳û¸ɴߴĵĴ󳼻һ飬ȹ죬ȥǰġ
һȥͷɢˣ˼߰㡣
קһС֦ҶһƬһƬ˺ȥ
߼ֻ˵˵ˣУռ˻ʺλá
ļ衵֣
ģ㣬ŸӣĿԶһ乬߳Ҳͬʹã˲ٷꡣôǵĸõġ
ëҵĺλĪ
˷ſ˳ż衷һȦȻȻ˽Ļ׽
ǲ
֦۶ˡ
Щӷ׷ҵ˼ڱȼŸӣζ
ãܺãǳá
ǰڿǽʲôȽϺãѾ֪ˡ
ֻ䵥Ͱץȥˡ
ʷ꣬衽ַϣûվãͻˡ
ż΢΢һЦüᣬƺոԡûãѸɾõˡ
պã壬ʾ˽š
⿴һ۸ӣǲǳԹˣ
֮ǰ˼ģŸӣԽԽˡ
ǲȥתһתɣȻ̫֣ٸɴͱˡ
ԼëԣʱŤͷż衣
κҪѸٱ˵ͬ˰ļƻⶣΧˣιʳ
ʹظ
齭溬Թةࡣ
ةͷȲ裬Ѿһ
ةһ仰Ͻͣİ𣬸˵ʲôͼһʹӴ˽֣ˣ˸һʹͣ˵ٰѡйѡ˵õ˶ӣҪϲ
ʹӸ֪ƣΪϲãϵЦݸڲס
ۣةûסһڲ˳ԼǺˣԸͣ
ֲΡΡվָԼֱţʵ»ʹͣ
ʹӺٺһЦֻΪ̫ˣǰ̧̫ģһ·˶Ƽˡ
ֳĬƬ̣һԼдŮᣬֻ˵Ǻ޲ЩŮݺͲϾ»ûˣҪ˵ôϲҲڣұûôʹ͹ˡ
ʹ͵Դ
䲻˸
ةͬ鿴ȥ׼ɡ
ʱλҲñ׼
Ļˣž͵ˡ
ĵةҲ̫磬Ϊٹ֮ףةõʱôȰɱҪǲȰٹҲ׷Źةɡ
ةࣺ
ÿֵּĳ棬ͷԼĶʤ
ةλýְɣ˼ܲķ粨򺡹ȥˡ
ةصʤڻؾ·ϣ򼸸磬ӣ˭ڵң
һ·İ˷׷ײӲ磬ЩѾʶ˵Ѹ̶ȣ֪õѡ
Ǵ˸棬ò˺һϢһĹʹʲûʶжô΢һͲ㣿
˵Цһ̲ס䣬֧ȥûӭĹʹţ˵ĺñһֱڷ㣬Ͳ㣬ҲĻᣬ㻹Ϊۻ౼
ʤ̧ͷЩɻʣΪʲôҪȥӭ㣿
һ仰ԣ֪ʵĸ񾭣ߵܵܣȰĺȰʶ˫ľٶ˵Ƕ˼ϧ
Ӳŵ
ȼգžҹ˽޷ĵһЩЪһһЩݵ΢˾ֻӪ
˵ڼ˿Ҳһһʼ뾩̫ʱұ¶̫ԣԶ뾩֮ʵĹ˼Ҳࡣ
ʤһĹ˹ѯЩ棬ôЩˣ˵үʹӦʹڶࣿ
ĹʹɫӲΪҹעسãԹʹˡܲ˵ֻʣô˰ɣ
ʤҲûѹֺãҲʤĻ
ʱһԽЩҲ㹻ˡ
ʻʤֻ̾һ·пڤ粻飬棬С󣬳ǳ˶ࡣ

*
лҪ˵
ˣò
˼ɾɾĸĺü飬



61¡ Խ
һҶƮԶ, ڽ˻˻Уϡһֻèͷӥд
ڵҹɫ, Զңңȥ, ֻܿ͸λƹâ, Լһ
ࡣ
˵˭ˣǰɣ
˭վ˭ˣ㲻˵ʲôѲϱݣϸס򱧲ƽ
ⱼ֮, Ǻοգ
, 𻹵ø·
˰ɣٴȥҲܾˡ
˴һʼͳ, ĬĬߴܣ
ѹڽ, ˽
ôãһȺ˺ø, ǰȴûмˣ˶û˽æ, ô£
̽ţĶء
ʤ
⻰һ˷׷תͷĩβ֪Уʤ˹ȥҪץס, ͱ봩Ⱥ
ʤҲѡѹ, ʵǵĶΣ
Աʿ, һ·ô, ֮ǰ˱ȽϴĴ
ʤʣڵϹ, Ѿ˸ǴˣֻȥûУ
ѾŽȥˣֻǰǸΧҲⱻ
ʤԾԾԣ˫۷󲻵òǿشˣѾδţЩȥ
ʤʡѭѭյɼ´ң
һ㶣ʶҡͷ
ʤֻƣͶˣ˵Ϊʲô²ңҸȴҪң
ٶҡͷ̲ס̵ش˿֪ԭ򣿡
ҵȻҲ֪ʤһۣһֱ⣬㲻֪飬ҵȻҲһ
󣺡
Ȼˣʲôӣ
ʤʲôҲõĻظǷͶˣ
Һҵദľ顣
ȥǰɣ
תһȦ˵϶϶á
󣺡
Ǽǧ˵Ĺ͢ѡɸʤģҲ˵򶷷˵һһаһʮǴ´ࡣ
ңÿ˶ָѵĺ֡
·ϣΪʲôҪԱʤȵ֮󣬺ʤһ·ͬУ
Ϊһ˺ʤԱߴ֣ô֤ʤ˱һ١
ʹˣҲƽͣ˵Ҳûؾְ
ʤֱ׳Ҳؾʵңһزȥû취
һ㶣˭㣿
ǡڴʱ𱬷Ļ棬ҲôҵҰ˲١
ʤʴһڴӺѹѹȺѰʤӰб£ұ磡˭˭Ǽ㣡
ҡʤָָʡ
󣺡
˿̣һͬȻһΪ˸׵ʣһΪТӵ࣬һݣΪòʤߵԼ
ػʤֿʼ˽շݵ̧ܣһ䷴ʵĻΧҲ
۳ôңô˫ߵĴڣδ̫
ھ޵ĵ֮󣬵ڶھ·죬һߡ
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յľ飬ѡĬ
ʤҲ⣬ҪعôҲ֤ԼһɼʵûгɼҲ취Ŭһ
̸Уһ챦ҲĹĻʵ۲ôǡ
ԣһ챦ô
鲻Խͷ
ʤ˵תһȦ˰ˣλȻҵȽˣǲȺһһ£Σ

ӲͷƤĿİӦ
ʤԽˣ
һ·ϣʶ̲סһóʵ̫⣬ûκοȡĵط
ʹòӲͷƤѯһүȼ£ӦλǹλԽʵ۵Ϣ
ŭ˫ۣǿһӣǵȻǡ
ʹڴ̧ͷ
ȴסˣǡ
ͷת飬ڲ鲻ԸǵȻʵ֣ԽʵǸ۲۵ľš
ڰӴӲ豭Ųһʣ
ǸֻȦ͡Խʵۣ
ʹ򣬼ɫѿɴһѽϳ˸Ƨĵط͵үôҲǵѡ
šüЩ飬αű£
ʹ̾һҲͦΣű£ǲòųˡ
껹ûѵѵҪٹٵ棬˵Խʵ۾ǸīͨĸһԲϺɱĴҪǴȥǳʲô
겻޵ôǱȥǹȫ֣ͲԼĽɽ𢡭
Խ˵Խƿԡ
Ǵ˵еģ²Ҫġ
ʹٶ̾룬ϣԺ㣬һŮӣǸҪȵżǵŮӡ˿ɲŮӶôֻãŮ˶򲻹ͲڳΪ١
꣺ã֪ˡ
ʹļ򣬡Ҫ֪㻹úͳһھԽʵۣðɵţǵ
ͷʹ۾ʪ󲻵ò̾Ϣ
ʵ̫ء
ĹʹżȻѾعȻǱֱǰʱٶȿ˲٣żҲȥسﲹЩˮЪϢ졣
һҲкü٣·Ҳ˲Ƕһ·Ǹ֡
һգôһЪϢʾǡһʯֹˡҲ⣬ֱλ˴ҹܹ˵ԼرֵԸ⵱Ծ
ԳԼׯڵһκⱦӵеģȥȥԼҴ꣬ϣЩ˰ߣֻҪ㹻Ľɡ
˱ϻӣȻ͵͵ǰҵļҲ֪飬һҹ˳ʱδңǱֱȥø״˵Ĺʹ޹ɱˡ
ܷ⼸ԽߣȻרŶǣһʲô˾ͱ߳Խ
ʵȻҲ֪һ㣬Բһ·Ƣ
һ·Ҳ΢ԼİȻˣȳñƣǶãɱֱӳȥ
ԣΧȻС»еĺӣҿӡ
ֻһǶϣȴ˿˿ӰԵڲ覡
һӰȴ赵ļֵ
һȻϸĦ赡
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ʹʶΧԶԶһЩִֵԼȥ
ʿˣüһʼǶᱦɱ˵Ŀܡ
ӣԲǷ⣬µү˵õģɲɱңȻԸˣȻ¼ĹʹɱգȻұ𡣡
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в֪͸¶ۣҾǸͨˣıôܴҼұڳǱ֪ˡ
һأһΪǻλɱô죡
ûȥһ
ʾ̽ټȷʵŵСҲûʲôͣڷ
ⶫҪˣ
ʸһˬļǮ˷ʳʮӡ
۾Цˣָ˾󣬡ˣĹүǮǲɣ
ң赣ʢ赵ĽҪһɣֵǧƽô
˿赣ҲҪһϻӷðɣϺõľϻд󹤽ƻƣ򲻹ˡ
ϻӣҪ򡭡
ʵԽԽƣڼþգԼĲƷӵ壬Ʊ̵󴧽˸˳
Զˣͽ̽ӰһҶɱˡʿ꣬һıͲķ
ս˽ͷǡ
ջ˴ӺƱʵʵĻݣͨصʤֵˣ³ˣ
ʤ¶һĨЦ⣬һôʱ顣
ھةȴЩסˣӵĹңңڣ˵Ȼһ¼òͣһʱ䡣
ڣµѾ̯ǰ
Ȼ뿪ˣǲеĹʹŶӵ˶뿪ˡ
˵λΪȣòµĳʹ
Լһ֧Ǳﻹ֪ôǰʺ
ʹصԱ֮ͨһط
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̫ڹѯʣǷҪ֣Ǳͷˡ
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ǰ緢ˣǽ˰̫ѨǺǺЦĹĴ̿һʺߣɱˣⲻҲڶҹˣھȻֻ˵Ҿܣ
ǱǿǷϺֻǸʦ̫ѣȥݶˡ
ةŵҪˣҲͱˣΪ󣬲ôҲȵ۵ĻʺһܴϡĹ˾Ի˵ΪǲϧֶΣʵԼĵĸˡ
ة̫˽˵ıԡ
һˣֳαװٺãĹҲܰʺӿ۹˵Խɱˡ
ֻ˵һ˻ŵģֻٵѡ
ټһˮҪĶˣܱųһЩϸڳǣȷʵԽɱ˼޻Թ
ȵ֮󣬸ҰʷŲϣ衵ȻܵһЩʧ
뵽ةİ壬ô
ѵǻҪǱЩãԱʳˣɱĹȥģĹδز֪飬̽һĬˣЩɱҲ֪ĹֻΪǸͨĹӸ磬мׯӶѣɱ
Ⱥλʺ˼νʶ۵ĺ⣬Ǳ;˲ˣܷ˳εҪӵġ
ȻٵļȻشǱ⣬αһ԰ǽ
Աѯ񣬼תƻ⣬һصҼǵãĹ˹ʱƺЩ
ةһ㶣ͷЩ鱦طزǿŲӻʵϲֵǮҲһЩܱǺסϾһ·˺ƺƵ̧Ž
衵˵Ӧ񡣡
ǽ
üһû񣿣
Ŷԣ˵ֱӰĹʹŴӾߣʰûʱ䣬ȻҲͽ¸ˡ
ة൹ǼǵãκεʱƢ̫ãŴºٰųһݹȥҲżҲˡ
ǱûпȻëһ˸󵨵Ĳ²⣬ñǻֳ㲻С
Ȼֻ衼˵ΪľԼˡ
Ȼĸţĸš
ĹԽѰȻ޲ӭȢѹĹ޿ԺĹĻʵӵͬһĸ
޵ĵĸĹʵ۵ĸף׼ӣ޵ĵĸʦ̫͹ȥĹҲʶһʦ̫͡
Ա߼¼עʷıžһˡ
ԱߵС̫ļ𣬸һ֧ëʣ˫ݸˣ롣
ʷ٣
лʵ丸лʵ͵ĸѰ
ɸ
ڼ衵ע£ʣдһϯŬñĲŻɫһҪ֤δܿҲ
Ǳ
ةĿڣһ
ǽ棬ѡûķ羰ûж͵ǿϧˡ
ʷٱȰһǱɫӣة𾪣ǽתͷ羰һȰ衣
˲ʲôҲĬĬ˻ȥ
ڶ죬𶯡
λĶˣԾһֱƷֱʹߣλʹ߽Ĺ˳֤Ѻý
ص嵥ϣһһȴľ顣
Ϥʦ̫ԸĹ
ʦ̫ȵ۵Ļʺ󣬾˵Ѿҡ
ʵôģڼͱʹŵʺϣλʦ̫δ档
ͱȺѻȸΨ񲿵ĹԱһƪƪ󻹲ʦ̫ǧҪ塣
ֶס޺޶ˣ
ϣʹŴȣΪǣ˿ڣ۵һ£졣ʵǻڲ˲ϵҧгݣ޳СˣΪͶ˳͢иý
Ǳһͷʵ˭Ҳʶ
ţĹϵӺĹʹҲǱʲôϵ
ʹҪ˵Ǳһӣˣʹˣιˮٰϡ
ΪҪλϾҪ״̬뿪Χǰѣ֮Ҳȥָ㡯ĹҪ˵ʲô
һº
Ĺʹڡ
ĹʵĬĬŰܵڴ󳼵Խʵ۵ļƣд˶ôթĲ΢
Ҫ֮ǰûյʹԽʵ۵Ÿ룬Ҳа
ʻڼսթΪ˷͵Խ˽ȻΪ˴󶯸ɸ޸壬ԽͳͳҪѧϰ֣һЩԱҲеϲʥּϵдʲôݡ
ٹ̲ס̾󵨸ĸҲ˾Խʵۼֱа
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ϸϳǷ׷׵ͷϿʵĽۡ
ĹʵڵͷɣǱٵꡣ
̲Խ¹ԭ
˺̸£־֣ǰԽҵȷһԸ׸֡
ǿȻҲڳϻഫģͬӮõľ̾
˵ΣȻγɣȻǻʵ۵
Ĺ꣡
Ĺ꣡
ΧĴ󳼷׷׹ҲڴĹʵ۵С
Ĺʵ۹Ц赣棬͵ࡪ
һ仰û˵꣬Ĺʵ۵ЦݸȻֹղźһۣ
ɴ۾۲죬ĹʵһܵĽ﷢һֻۣ赱Ҳе̵ĺۼűڸ˹ȥ
ĹʵָϸϸĦڰѰڵ͹𻮺۸ˡ
ΪһŬҪ̲ԽĻʵۣԽδĸǰĹʵ۶ԽʵϤԸҪһϤ
İĸ֣Խ졣
ãȻ̧ͷΪʲô˵ˣ֣
Ĺʵ۲֣起£һĨ΢ЦλʹˣᵽЩִ٣λȻȥϢȡɡ
ȲɢĹʵ۽ʣ˹ˣʵΪ赣㻨˶٣
ԺֻʮƱһǧ𣡡
ĹʵЩûѪһƺĺףҲ֪ιҸǮȥԽĳӣô
һףһרŵװˡ
ҲûȥⲻüҲЩɥɴҧԽʵۣÿ춼Ҫ£Ǹʵۣ
Ĺʵۻûüѵܵܣ洫ŵ
£Խʹոˣר˵Ҫãǰˡ
Ĺʵۣ
ŴˣĹʵֻЦԷǣĹҲǣ
󳼹ֵڷѾˣ
Ĺʵۣ
󳼴һֻ޴룬һʦ̫˵ǵԽʵ۵ĵĸ˵޷ؽ֮ãΪֵ֮ѰűĸĸҵȥԽʵ۰Լĵĸ˹
Ĺʵۣ
ӣѹô졣
Ĺʵۿϼһһ٣˵û
ҧԽĹʵۣ

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62¡ Ҳ
, ˵齫ͽĺһƬ
˭ҲΪ¹ĿԺ, , ټϵطص, ѡʽʼ
аյѾʼѵǣҲеĴ̽Ϣ, ة, յ˼ʮϣܹδѡ˵ĻʵڲвҲ, ֻҪǼҹԵ
Ҳˣ͵˰, ϣڱǰԼҹУŴ, ة༱һźǲһ, ʹȥ
Щż齭ֻǸżϾһѵͷϣѡѾȥҲ֪»ô
û취ֿʼ˴Ϣ, ϣ֪µҪʲô
͢ăȼࣿǿ, ̫, һ仰˵, ǮҲ۾Ц, ˵һжбµּ⡣
ʤûǱˣȥʹˣɡ
Щˣʣµͱ¹ϵ׺ģȻǵΨһĹ
κνٴҲȥʹ˵ѹʻ
ǣתĿ꣬ĬĬĿǰסڻʹļࡣ
æգѡڳϵǰȵ˼ࡣ
Լһͬǰİ
ϵЦ˲ʧˡ
˿£Щ⣬ûϵ￴飬˿Ȼ򣬡ǲҰ֣Ȼˣҡ
ۼֿ죬һסнݵϣҲҪ£ֻż˲ѧؼѣԺչһҲ˳һˡ
üֻºʹ˸к
ûж룬ֻǵͷʾ⽭ֺͬߡ
һ·ϣںͰģˣըë˵Ҫ߸˵ģһ˵Ҫ͵͵ˡ
عĸȥˡ
ûж롣
û취룬ŬУλͱµİΪϤ
˳ڵǰƽûʱտҲϲĴɣһʱ䶼ڰԳԺȺȡ
仰ĹؼϢЩƮ
̸˸ӣֺͰ˵ʳסתҲü·ˣ̰岻á
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ȸ˵ˣ໺ʽ֣ղ˵ʲô
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ǻҲɱ㣬ڵϼң򺡹ǡ
֣
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Щͷˣ׷һ䣬㵽ʲô˴©
Ǵ©дһֻҪһ뵽Ǽ£ͺ޲ñͷʹޣʱȥʰ״˵״˰Լָȥˡ
ŬԽ顣
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ϡŻһҲøһᡣ
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衵Ķһ٣̲סֻĵӣҺ۸㡣
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ǡϵζ
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衵ͷЩڴķӦ
ٿȻһЦԼ
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ŴӴ˺ÿһն졣
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衿Űס֣Ħָ⣬ҲҪ׷ҡ
ս֣˵ʲôȴ˵δ·̫ңԶֻҪһһ·ͬС
գգۣòŷӦ
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˯ǰ衴յߣոһݾϲһδľġ
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ǲٻæеζ輾衣Ҳ˵Ļ
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ոնĲ豭ַˣһ䣬˵ʲô
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ˣĪǵˣѵ»Щֵ棬ֻèȥɣ

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63¡ һѡھ
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Ȼʱһ, ϻ˸ںһС, Ԥյ, ͿԻϼֵˣȻ˰˻ȥ
շЦҪˡ
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ˣ׼ҵĿھٿʱ, пĿһ˲䣬ʱˡ
ӡˢšξȹˮ֮С, 滹ڶ౸ע֪һ鳼ãź֣꽫ӭֺߣڲаⲿейҪȹ, 
ȵʱ, Ҳйο, ʱѡηΧС, ѡ, ݼ֪ҲûʽĿƾƣ󲿷ֵǾТǼƼԼ衲ɷӣȫơ
ĿǿԾĵһʱ䣬תһ±ơ
ĳλŻĹӸ򿪾ɨһۣѸŤͷѲĹڿɲ˳
Ǳֳμӿԡʽıһ棬Ŀһʺţ޲ðȾߡ
ҪͽܹһңԼ׸綼챻ѹ
ѲĹһº͵ЦݣȻҲº͡С
ĺڲѣˣ⻹ԹװԼֻ岻ʣҪǲμӿȴֱˣؼҵҲˣ᲻ִ
ңôôãĿеĹңšòơܣָľԽ
һīһ˫ĿܣȴĿΨһΪ򾲣ȻϽǵϹӡ
ԼλѾʣ±Ѹ٣ݸ嶼ûС
ΧĿʱʱĽһۣ˲˼ݣĿҲѲ
ѲĹһĻֻȼʾЩ
ܹҲһʱ䣬ĿȻֻһ⣬ȵƻʱ̿ͣʱȴ·屻Ϳգ˶겻ᡣ
۳ױ̫Ŀ̵̫в߻ɣ͢ǲѡˣ
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衵Цºͣڴƺة౨ԼڴȻҪʵʣǿ̸ȻϸڣǾҪةλжˡ
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Ϊ仰ةΪ׵ĿŶʮû˯Ⱦ۾Ϳʼľ˯ʱ򻹲ĥЩ˵ݱȽϺá
Ծĺ˶ԣһ飬˶Ƽ˼衶Դ˴οԵĹģû˻ʱһ¼衵ϣһԼĲжӲ
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Ҫ޸ɷԩٴģҪ£ȨģҪ󿪾ó׵ġ
˵Ŀ̫㷺ҲǷӡܱͽģǿʵ֡ɹοķ
룬ֻͦ죬ԺǸٱѵˣ
šҲ죬Ժ׷ɱģ
ףҲѵ
衰򹴣ʾԼ˵Ĳѧʾ⣬ŷ֣ʮڵĴСڻҺյ·ˣƺ˸ųɡ
Ҳʶһ⡣
ڼ˸SSRƺֿһS
ЩҪ췴ˡҪδ׷ɱҪȹ˶չ鳯͢
ҡͷܿͷǰҪ
ΣѵöЩǸ˸ÿ˶ַʹͣϢգ˺ٴμݣܳǰʮ²׼⣬ȴĺӣպŰ
յ͵ʹʱҲѵڳϽǵڰһ˵ܳة඼Щпܵõµһ䣬ɵ治סҪ衿佱ˣʮûС
ʱ򣬱衿佱һ䣬ǾʵʵĻµ
ȻͬʱҲ˽µдݣϵдĺܺãʺϳ͢һĹλһ
Ǯ˿ݣ˼ȴϣ˶泩
ͷϣ
ô۹⣬֪עҪ磡
һѹѹһģ
ة˼ҲϣϾͿˡ
ֻؼҴӡ
μӿԣеʮ
˵Ҳϰ񣬾ǡڰһ
ةవпһֱɽһѼüŪ۵ĵ٩ӲϲҲŭҲǡ
Ŭоƪ£˳һǸƪµעԽԽģҪԾ⶯ˣ
ϡ
Ҳ˹Ͼǲһ㣬ʫʲ٣һһñ¿ޣһƪ£ѧϰ״ˣ˵ǲǣ
䵭һۣ˵ãȻǺõġ
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ɫһֻܰȥ
պ󣬺
ϲһ·ǰ¥ϲϲЦտڳϹӸеһ״ԪûãҲˡ
дεĺСμӺյ磬ʾ¶Ϊ͡
Ȼ񣬽˱ϲߣϲԺǾͬˡ
¥ҲѣϺǹϵУһҫҲմֹʡ
ŵİʹǰֵһĻʱ̾ѣǾĿԣһûʶֵóϡ
ʤ¶ֽɫʣд˴٣ؽʷᡣԳһѧϰҲʵѧȻóûȻһ¡
ҲмźʹˣΪٶ꣬ҲҪԼȥһΣøͷ˹һأǡ
һ·ʤͰ˽࣬⽻ãҲһļϣʤṩһЩ鼮ǣǽԽʻҲϣ˳
ʹ߽ʾ֭ԼԽ鼮ڿٳһʫʣ۾һÿͷǲʫġһѡھ࡯
ʤ
ʤĬĬ룬Ҫ´θʹѡʱ򣬻ǰʫһ鼮ȥɡ

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С糡
һǧⳡԱΪţκγ˿ϵʿԾ֮ڣ󲿷Ծ⡣һǧ˸Ӻежٵв֮ʿֱĳգĳλѧҿŷ֣ĳλμӿԵݹ磬£
һУĿ̫ѣˣֺû
ڶУ˵ÿҶʶΪĸĿмһ治ʶ
У࿼ٺºͣղζΪʣӡˢĿּ´λġ
ûʽĿƾƣһƶȶϹģΪһοԱȽϸʱ䣬ȫհʷƾ٣ʱ̫ˡ



64¡ ڵǧ
ʤԴǸλʹ߷, 仰רˣǲܺõġ
Ŭ£, Ҽסˡ
ʤ⼸, ԺԽĹٷȫһѧĲһ, ܶԽϰףǷȱЩ
, ̬һֱ, ѧϰҲֻ̿࣬ʱȽϰ档
ʤòϣҪסԼĻ, Ժڳǰǧ˵䡣ոյĻᶼᡣ
Ŷһ, ȻЩãȻʣǱǰأҲһ𣿡
ʤ
ʤһҲᣡѡ˭ѡ˭, ܲ͵ġ
˵ŷȥϢһ, ڵڶȥ磬Ǵһ¿ƿ֣Ҳ˳ô˻ݼ
¿ƿ볡ʤŰһߣǽһЩҪĳ
ȻʤĿд˿˿Ǵ, 㻹ƭ˵˲ѡھ࣡
ʤ˳ȥ, ǡü, ϵҲλĵط, ſ, ࡣ
ʤĬ룬̫࣬λ˭ŵģ
̫Ц˵񲿵Ĵ˺ü¸ĵģ˵Ҫһ½ĲǣŹôšū˵µǹһεĿԣҲǰϧв֮ʿ
ʤѾ˺ü²⣬ϵû˰ɣǱ°ŶѣοǸλϾͽࡣ֪ʲôľ𣿡
Щͷشˣôôţ
ʤһ£ǿҵȻڱǰ˵ʲôҪ֪¿ûô˵
һ㶣شˣҲ峤á
˲࣬ʤ̾ݣͷһۣЩͬһѸ㡣ҪôҵǺõˡ
˵ıǡôĵԣƺɤ̲סˡ
˵ʤĻסʱЩǳѵ䴫˵ͷۣһԲϾͰϳȥնˣ
ǵȻʤ˵ʲôͱһĵϣߴһϵʲôĴתת˵˵ôеģ
ʤתͷЩûιȥ
ֻ衴һѳվá
ةɫƣով߹ȥʤļ磬ؼǾ仰
̧̫ͷ죬ոѾڹȥĽκ˽üɫ衢УȻʤղѵźţǾû취ˡ
Χѻȸͨڵһʱ䱻衵ֹ
ͷۣü𣿲һ˵
ʤæ񣬡䴫ʧ棬ð˱¡
˻߳񣬸ʤȻκζ׼ôôŤ
ȣָȹϣЦЦʤشһ·࣬ѵóУҽ䶼Щ˵
ʤ˸⣬һ·æűߣҲûʲôʶǱҪʧˡ
ҲûôСۣʵĺ棬便ô۵κʤҲĲҽˡ
衼״λƽͶ̫ʼɡ
̫Ӧǣ¡
̫ȥţǽϯںãĹŮת볡
衽˰λ˵Խٻķʺһ
仰ǡôͽзů⣬һʼηֻš
ڵµĿǣԴճСģʫдģܵõ߳Ŀ޺ʶ
ȺУҲ˲ˡ
Ȼĩܲסһټ֮ǰڲõĹԶ׼δעĹԡ
ôû̹ӽ²
ڵڶʮֱ֣ڿûҲã֮Ļǵأ
Աߵ˼治ˣæ߲õģ̹ʲôʫþֱ׸£Ҳòźһ֡
衺ͷĻҲԽԽɡ
ۿΧʹȻ˲żüãǰ壬עĳˡ
ֻЦҲſ
ԽͰ߽ţԽһֱûйռ塣
Ϊ帽ɽ̫࣬ΧĶ߳ϣ鲼˵ѹطҲḻֵҲ㣬Խǰʮεľ档
ټϰԾÿ궼ԽϹƽͰĹԼӣһٶల£Ĭš
ǻһֱôȥԽǲʹ߹Ҳǡ÷һЩԾĵطſʼǢ
˵ǺʵԽȻȰǿʮֹ
ԷŬż衣ѹӵĺôʺþ䣬þ佱Ĺ
һĸرĲ亱е֡
һһɣˡ
űϲ֣ǰøš
˵ҲֻһƷࡣ
ʵ̫ǫˡ
һҿ䣬һҽӣǽĲȻµ湫ӡ
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Ȼûʲô˭ǿ䣿
ȻʤȥһǴ
⻹ࣿ
ʤ
ˣġ
ϡʮ޳ָŪңָ׷ŵâͬһԡ
ȻûôϰҲɽһƽȻ־Ȼе˿˿ⰵС
ص֮־ţԾҲΪҳϣܵ
֣һ˶ȥ֪ļƻˡ
氵кãŰ羴
ڿе°ݣԸԴףɽӰ̩ʢ
Է̹Ȼ֮
δŬõ˵
ڳ˶ˣ衸ɴŰ뿪˳ϰʹȥķ£ǡ
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ɫһˣԽԮ¡
ŬŴʻ㣬ȴΪˮƽޣҲʵĴʻʾ¡
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ʳйʣµģټɽĿ٣пƤݸܻġ
ˮˡ
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ಹɣ衲Žȡһͼ̯ϡ
޴һ˺ӣӱϡ
ݽ壬塣
ȷʵҪļԲŽǹ
۾һĿŵͼ
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ңС˵Ҳһڵ״ء
ͼ飬˵ܲٳˣ̸ܲһ̸ܲܵ鼸£
ȴתߣʤӦԣѾˡЩϸڷ棬Ҫʵûûˡ
£Ű֣ͷһԲ£ɫ
Ȱο˾ٹڵǧǿ϶úÿǵġ
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Ҳȷʵ˳⡢ôˡ
룬һ衱Ű۴Ц⡣
һԸϣнգн񳯡

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ף֣
ѵʮһǰ˸£ҴˣǧҹȻһϢԽԽ: )



65¡ 衵
, ָԽԽ󣬼̸ԽԽ࣬󽥽, ƺӡ
, 衱ŰȫӰ, ʮָۣ״, żһЦ, Ĭǳ
վԶĵطĶ̫ĸһѧ˱ʹĿ
ʤʱ, ͼһĻ
üһ뿴ֲҿ, Ťͷǽ, ˶Ѹٻݡ
æµãʱ, ͼ衴ŰԺ˵Ц֣ԱߵĸڳԵģһо
ʤ
룬ԭֻӶȲϡ
˸һ£СƤ
Ťͷ, һ¼衵, ı߿ˡ
ʤһץ, Ȳһֽڼǰ, ҸʹһЩ, ǻҪࡣ
һ˵£ʤΪĹڽһƨ£ӣҲѧż衵ģ˸һ£ʶƤ
Ӹһʤ֣͵ذͷһ󼱴ֲĽʤһ£ȻˣЪһԵĴϡ
ʤˣѸҲӽ˾ƽҲûι㣬һ¾Ͳˣ
ӴͷʤһۣһԾϻ裬ֱЪϡ
衺ЦһĻɡ
Ҳ֪˵˻Ǹӡ
ʤҧгݣѵ˵ǷʶƤ
ʤЦˣ£ɡ
úͰֿʼ¼ĺһֽţʤҲ͵ʱҲȥӴһĹǵүΣǷ㹻ӢŰĹһʹĹڲ֪Ҳ֪԰˳⣬ʵҲûʲôõѡˡ
ڵʱ£ǴŰ˽ʹ߸˵ҪΪĹ̵Խ𣿱ʤʵǰ˵ͷǻûѡ
ҪȻʤΪʲôҪŰ³Ϊһ졣
ʤпѣҺĹǸүȻȵ˾һ衱Ա¶ǰ˻ᵱ·
衺ʤһۣܾû˵ݴŲô
ĶۣЦеȻĳʹȥģһ²Ͷͽˡ
ʤɫ䣬ƺҪܾ衲ˣˣʱּӶϡ
˵ԭûôϾһֱʤᡢ٣ҪκμȴΪһˣĸﲻ㣬λøԼˣԲ˵ࡣ
ʤֱֱż衿ȥ
ⲻǵһ˺飬ǵһ鵽ϸںڡ
ɤЩƣ㵱Ҫôң
ףڵŬڽһЩסһ˵졣
ʤĬΣֵԳϣҲȫԸ
쪣ը죬һεС£Щ뷳ꡣ
ֻոµһ졣
ʤݼ¼ףڶ죬衾ͽʹ߶񲿹ԱӴԼų˵Ҫ˺ӡ
ˣҲѵУ˹ȶŵĹԱͬҪ漰Ա˺ѡַԼ۵
ô˵֧£ȻҲͦƽ治һ˺ӾͰԽꡣ
͢ϣȻǷԵӶࡣ
£򲻿ɰ˺ʵǻķ̫࣬ҹҪϢڡ
£ʵ޽Ҳ֮ǰ޹˺ϸһۼɣαط˶ʳأοгִ඼ǿصĶ괢ǲڵطչ
ֻϧμҪ
˺һ棬ʳһ棬ȵָ꣬ԽԽӡ
յ衵ʾ⣬ףԴ߳飬λΪҹĹǩЭ飬һǲΥԼŸҪץʱ䷢չο̰һֵ֣ҲԳ鵱ۣǸʧա
վҲףԴĻҵǩЭ飬󲻹ΪˮֲȡҵҲѰ˼֣֮ˮأسΪҰΪؽ֮[1]˵˺ӣΧˮ̣ȻҪһͨ
еСС衵дһѡ
յҲ˲һӣȷʵǴ˾һ
ʹ߱񲿹Ա˵ԽݣԱȻҪɳʮ֣һ˶٣ԽҲҪ֤ߵʲùߡ
æۣæŻͼֽæźͼ飬ܲ޽һ˺ӣλԽŮҲǡɡ˻ҩĲ̫Уɽըӵǿԡ
ʤǰĹԽԽߣѵû˷꣬ӾĴÿһ£ԽְȨ顣
ҲûȥҼ衺ȾƣѼݣռѵ·ߡ֮⣬ڼرæµʱѼ衳Է¡裬衲ʳҲһտţ컹ǹֻùûС
ԱߵСֻ̾Լҹʵ̫ԱҲһţ̲סͬ˵ԼһĻ޷޵ǸϹӸ״Ԫô磬ҼҴͣȴδټˡ
ݵúԣ
ǡóӹģǡ⼸䵭һæµοϵңʱ飿½ΪҲһ쵽ͶЩ顣
Сһ࣬ٲԵĻǣˡ
ʤŻʱǡüɳСһѹģ滹һ̾ϸĽУ͸˭ĲԶ
̲ס̾ѡԽԽȣ˿ûܵҪ޽˺һµӰ죬Խӡ
Ҫ˵Ȼǲϣ衺ͰһġϾѹ̫ˣ˭Ҳ֪ܿãһ衱ģȢӣ³֪һ㷢أõĻǾֻܿ衵ˡ
Ǽ
ЩԽԽࡢֱӿʢװĹģʤûС
뼾衴δնɱһ޹֮ˣ⼸ӿʼվڼҲõ˷Ļرʤ־ü衻ĵġ
ûʤһ㣬һԱһץñӣƴܹקʤҡΣءشˣˣ
ʤšüʲôˣ
ѡˣֱ·ʥּˣԱ˶һ£ƴϢ
ʤ
ԱܣŬѹа
ʤ
κλԱΪԖ缺СʵԶ̫кüţ˶̫飬һ仰˲侪ʵĸǶԺİˣ
Χһ䴫һ䣬æµҲͷ飬Χ˽ͷӶഫϢ
ʤޱ飬˵֣룬˶˵˸į
Χȫˣ
Ŷԣô˵衻ͦĵġ
ôճ

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ȻʮһˣôҲǽ췢ģͷ
Ŭдȡһ
յôӪҺŬˡ
עͣ
[1]ɣע֮ˮ±֮꣬սĶһӣǹΪҰ꣬Ըǿ䲢Ի֣ʷǡ顷



66¡ը һȺϺ
ɪɪ, ȣ̧ͷơ
ƻʱ̣ϼڿоۼ, ɢ, ʾƽҪսᡣ
ĳλ˼ҵ鷿, һյ͵ưȼգʢһ, ӵıԵë, ƺǷĵ˶Ħµĺۼ
齭õ˱ͻѡӣָ̽˲ӷһǣһ, һջ뷭, ֲҿ
ȥȻǵһʱ֪ˡΧͬž˵, ְȾܣǷӦǰ뿪, ȻͱⱾѡӡ
룬ⲻͬڵݲбµע
ҲиϢ
⣬ܼţͷĺԽԽ࣬ү, ˵ӹ, ˵ôҲðݼүһɡѧʿ˶ֱ, , ˵Ҫ
ܼʵĿɿڴ, ƽȻǶЩ˶ҪǽȲ裬ֻƻңڴſһֻۣƻȫ޷Щ˵ĽŲӵʮˣͣΧ·סˡ
洫
ҼҴǡ
ˣǰûλˣ
ŰŹʲôҼүֲˡ
ŷСδȫƿֻһС졣ֻ˳׼һǰ壬ͼӸݽеЬˡ
ŷ˱Ǹͨˣûʲô棬ôһĻŵ̰ŹˣȻӭһֵĽ
齭һͷҲû̧˵ϷˣǶߣ
ܼһֻ࣬Ⱥûô״򷢣үӲǲϳҲòȥǰʰʰһôĽŪʲô
̧ͷ°һڷ˷档
ļϤЩجμ
һ˼ݡ
㼫ǰԸҲ硿[1]
ּֿһӦǸпԭµôãЩҲһǰʵĽҲǵʵۡ
ҪȥΪұ
Ҫ˵ǻʵ۵дҪ֪ϡΪ󣬱ۣҲд֣һҪưˣֿɾǼֵǧˡ
ڶӦ־ֻˣκֲ֪˭˭ң´ãǾͲһҵĵùǰˡ
ˣүܼŻʧܹƴţǰѴƿˣˣ
ɫһ䣬ѡ죬ұٵ㼸ˣ򵥸׼һȥׯ㼸졣
̶һյĹһֵ۹㱨
ɡѧʿ˵ڻȲ裬Ҫҵүǻ˵үʵǲˡһүҲ޷˵Ҫү̫ҽ
˵İͶ˺װˣó˱õӡ
ˣסˣŵķ˹
ִ˸£ܼҴõİϵǰ˵ȥ˺ţǰܼңһӺ󣬲Ҳùسˣ͸¶ҵ٣Ҳׯ׷ҡ
һӺɵɫƣ˲ǲˣأ
ܼ治ɫ˵ӣȥˡ
Χ۲ɳŹܼͶȥ񣬹ȻҪΪһƷԱĹܼңʾ͵úã˶ĴҲ治ɫ˵Ϲ
˺üʱֺòǰϵ˽ׯӣȴڵׯӵĵƣüˡ
ߵׯӶǳóҲǻཻεһżм̹ׯӣҲżƫԶĳˡ
վԹķȥ۵ҼǵǱߣؼҵׯӰɣ
ׯӵĹ²ԣֻƨȻˣүǱߵׯģ˵ʹ˵Ĭǳׯ壬Ҳͱȴʱ
ֿޱ飬ȴ̲סҧ
һȺϺ꣬޵ı˭죡
ֺŶ徻ȴͬ͹ˮһ㣬ըˡ
˵ѡӦ÷񲿵ĹԱȥ֪ͨŮڵļң׼ԡȻˣʽʼҲдµʱճ
ԽºٽиԣѾĴˡ
ôãǰǰ漸û¸ɵĻʵۿ޳ΪԻʼҵȣʾҲ񷨡ɭϡ
ǣһʥּеᱻֱӹŮҲˡ
ǶԺŮʲôҲۣˣĵһкܴ
˸٣żȻתĻ⣬ֻ˵˵ֳĬԻΪץӷΡƽϹ֣һ仰˵ƽﻹΪ֮˭ܱڼҲ׷ױˣһȺ˶ڽ˽
ǲʲô
ѵǽοܽУ
ƨҿɶˣҹ̵ľүı˸ְ˵ˣҲЩ˵ҲǵλҪأ
ţǵһǻʺ󣿣
ĹҲӭһλү
衶վĶķϰ˵ͷ
ķϰһ¡
üʲô
ķϰ˲һ仰˵
ҲЩźҪˣϾһʼΪԿ飬ѹʮǴ鷳ģλķϰ˵˹֣һֶû٣ûɣֻźȥ
λϰ˸ʺ˭ҵĶľ֣ٴײ˼衵
ķϰİղѣһʼ;üݲԺҧҧѼҵ״˴գȫ˳ȥ¼鷳
Ҳûϵٴμʱ򣬴ŷǰһٵƾôǰŵЩûʹȥ
ԣβҧҧµˣ㲻Ҫûˡķϰ̲סܽᾭ飬˵˿ݿԿ׷¡׷Ϣķǧ׷Щ㲻þҪɥԼһѣ̫ˣķǳҪûˡ
˸λ£̷Ĺ裬Ʒһڣַˡ
ζԣĳݵĸúһЩ
ǣԵˣ衺һЦϰڿľ֣ѹ˭ǻʺ񵹲˵˵ϰЩѡ
ϰ֧֧ᣬ£ʵЩĹС
Ϊ˸ԼҵŮ/ƣǽһֶΣϰĶľҲ˲Ϊһ
ϰƽҲ߲ܣҪľֵ𲽣ʱǽһ硣
ϰǿ˵˼ˣһ֣ںʹһأǰи˹ʣ˵˵ܼܲУ˵Ҫѹҡ˵ôʺ󣬾Ͱˡ
ϰԽ˵Խڣ֪£źҲҪ£˵ʲôҲðѰּϣԼѹʮ
衴ϰһۣǶ˶࿴һۣϾԼȱ̽·ˣϰ壬һ⡣
ڼ衲֪ʱѾгͼ࣬ҵǮͷϣ߶û꣬˵˾ʵ̫ţֱּ񲿵棬ȻôѰָȥˣֱ񻰣
Ǯ۾һɴӣǣֱ񻰣±һҲ̫ˣô˺׾Ͱһ˵Ҳأ
㶣̲סǮ࿴ȥӹҲô˽һ棬ֱºꡣ
ǿǮ˹λߣ̽һϣոͷָʲô̲סӯпѣǮˣǡ̫ˡ
ǮȴһƿԴǵȻҪôֻһˣֲֻаһϣҲ٣˵ӦðҲϣ
ˣֽʣϷҪдۣʸ£

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лҪ˵
עͣ
[1]ƽ̣Ӧʺ飬ǧ˸磬ǧȴǰһϯ硪Сɽӡ
֣һ룬һ



67¡ Ե
ķ, ϰһʼʱͷ󺹣ǽ, ʼĥǷС
ʩʩȻʵҲ, ֻҪϰϵһ, ԸԸٿضľ֮֡аˣʵڲ, ޻Խ濤صĹԱһЩ, Ҳ֪㱳Ҳпɽġ
衵ȻһӾͰѶķȫˣ, ԽǾ, дķ䡢Сķ
Ҫɱˣ⻹ҪѪɺˡ
, 衾ɸȥͶʯ·ϰȥһûжķ֮˺й, еĻǲˡ
ϰͷĺһε£ʵͶķϰֱ֣δŵ飬˵ˣҪȥڼ, һЩķⲻɾ, Żʵͨ籨
⡢⡭
Ҳƽ, ȻϰԼ, Ǿˡ
ϰʱ, Ѿʪ͸ˣˣ·Ը񶨵߾ȫ
ԼˣҲˣ
Դӵǻλɱ˳ļңͲ
ԼҲʲôħº͵ģȻ˱㡣޻·ĵʥּ£ÿȥһҪһƵصĶķΣһתһ͹ˣʵڲҲֻץ׶Ҳ̫
ϰֻǼѵЦǡ
ܺãǵĶķҲҪЪҵˡ
˵ĶķҲǹϽΧڣϸ˼һαҲˣľһҲת䡣
ϰʱһԾܰסҡ
һľ֣ϰʹźǲȻ¡
һ˵ϰһ߿衵ɫţȻһ΢رҲԣټӼ˵֣ǰˣҲв׷
衵ͷˡ
ȴ˽⣬ԸɼҲڹ⣬ϰףӴ˵㣬һ˵ͺ죬ѹ˭Ϊʺ󣿡
ȷӦϰɫ˲ˡ
ˣ¶ҪˣʣǲҪˡ

衵Ļϰɫһף漴ϲȥ
ֲϧʱС
ϰһ㶣̲סץԵ˭ǻʺ󣿣
Ҫôõģôܳʱ׬һѣ
ϧѾԶߣҲû취һ䣬ԱߵС̫סһЦϰ壬¸˵Ļɱ⴫ˡ
Ȼºò㣬㱻˴ҲˣҲֻźˡܹ龩ôˣһȥ£ҵġ
ϰע⵽ļ̫࣬ͷһеĽɢĸɸɾ
ʮµǳڵĸɺ̫Ҳû̫ȣӵҲѰˡ
ٹӭųϼų϶ĵ°ݣ꣬ڵõ
ĳ˲࣬سˣһ佫ɴȥ˾УѵţûվУǡ÷һģսԤȥĳһﳢһеľУѧȫߣһ佫
ͬʱյĿҲٴ¼¼
μ衺ôűӷһ飬пְЩȫȥպճһ
̲һվż衵£Եǻ߹¿ࡢȱ̷ȵʱ˵պТմ£Тѹ˼Ůڲ̷࣬ʳΪʼҿ֦ɢҶ
ʤͷ˵ĳ嶯ɵһ࣬ɵ˰ɣĺĺϳһʱ˵£ôҲŰ˶ˮӱҲˣǵ˵衻᲻һʱŭϳȥˣ
ʱ黹ǲ
ʤ˼άɢʱǮ˵ڶվȫ̲໰еġ˼Ůӡĸ֣ԸӴ󵨣£ϴǡʹĲò¶һˣҲ۹﹬⣬¶вӼ飬Ҫ빬ԺԵӡ
Ǯҧˡ⡱͡ӡͲûϵָˡ
齹ҲסˣνȢȢͣӦѡŮΪϲҲС
ȻǼˣȻƷоѼɡҲߣξͲϣǮ˵ȻĹԱڡ
£Թδйӽһ°һϳʹļף˾ʵǻƣǻúЦҲӰµӢ
һʼڼŰסڻʹʱ򣬾һ˷˲Ծֻţ֮˵ҲʷмأѵмܿУһţƺҲãԴһֻ۱һֻۡ
ΪֹۣΪȱ´飬˻ʺ檣ȻʶŮ˵ĺã˺ӣҲͲôˣȻͻģѰϳȥǽһڣ֪һʼͶˣ
ڵһǾͱˡ
Ҫˣѡô˲μӽ
Ǯ˵һͲˣֻ֮б䶯ѣôӰµӢˣѵѡˣͻ˱ɻ
ά񷨵ϳǷ׷׹£˼
ǮһҲŹ£ͬ漴ж˼
ҲŲһţ£з֮񣬴˸º󹬣
ٳӾǿվţ޲ð˵ķ
ʤվԭأѡκһվӣֻԭʧϧ׵ˣֻվס
ѵϳһξײôֻҵĳʱһ飬Ժûϳǰȥ㽨ɣ̫ˡ
سż༷üŪۣʾ֣ȫȫãȻѡ㣬ô
ǱҲ̧ͷ죬ѡΪеҪǽ·ڱºͰϣƺһг
ĬվȺУһȺ˶ºм̧ۡͷңԶľż衣һЦ
ʵ֪ܲܿ塣
ȷʵ˵ԥȥͺá
衶˰ͣúŴɡ
ĵģ
衴ͲԼӢԣοĵ׵ֵûء
Ůͬѡȷʵ衴ɣȻˣǾ͵һּɣŮμŮĳѡμӰĳѡ
ˣǳѡһҲˣӡ
Сһ£йλɣ飬鷿¡Сˣָˡ
Ѹٸϡ
̫ϳ˵ӳ˳
ȼˣ̲೹׷ָǮ˵ںʲôȻҪӼ飬ôҲȥȢеĽԼҺԺбͰгҷһһӣ
Ǯ˸߰ͷ࣬¸㼸棬ûԷˣǾôͲһѣԸ˭˭ϲ˭ϲ˭ĳЩ˵ôҲ±¸Ƕˣ
Աߵϳĸۣ޳СˣΪһϣȻǾͰҲͽһĴ˽
ǮˣⲻҶݲ¿ϡ
㣬һģƽʱ˼Ҳˣ񻹸ʲôҿǻ£
Χ£ڵߣӵߣӣ˻Ӷ˰壬ۿžҪ
齹˦ˣ
ͬʱϵʤҲˣվǿˣˣͬųʲôб¾ȥﵱڹע˺ӵ޽£Ȱ¸ˣ
Щ˵ߵߣôģ
ǡ׼뿪ļ·̣Ӵ󲽿ԽһŲơ
Եӡ⣬ҲԸձµ¡
ָ˵в˵ӾڻʹʵˣΪһۡ
ֻҲҪ³ӣֻǡѡңֲ౼ˡȥҲ˱µ¡
ԶĻ﷭һ飬˵ãͷ㵽ףңԲӻʹȥ
Աߵĳĥĥ䣬Щ˶Զ˲Сۡ
Ըİɣ
ǵİɡ
Щ˶һۣǸп̾һȵѾˣһƺҪĵֻϣȵʱĲҾ棬һΣ˶һõĽ֡


68¡˺ 
ʱ, ̫濾Ŵأ＾ڣҶѱðƿή, Ʈ, żһƬҶƮǽ, Ѹٱɨʰߡ
һλһȳһ߹󻹸һȺ, ΰΧԼĳ, ·ԼΨһĲƲ
ߴĳ˿ĭԶתĿ, λˣԶ˼, ֪Ҫעʲô
˵Ǵ󺰣ʵûܺһˮ, ɤ˻ƣ˵ʱ, Ļ
Ż࣬תͷһۣûסпһдඡ
õˣȻǸɺ, ʵҲǴӾµ׿ʼ, ˵ȷʵ, ˲С, ϷͲһˡ
ЩĴ˵, ϷĸɺǴӰµǸʱδջǡʢģչ˲ԼԺȣÿ첻͵ˮׯڿ
ݴ飬߹ȥһһָָųſڲԶһС˵רŸģṩһסĵطɣǲǮˣֻǱүüһ
Щ裬飿᲻˳־ߵʲô᲻ҽеļ飿
վڵʿûסЦˣҲ̫ãϽģ˷ʱ䣡ǾͼûЯܿ㶫ǿǾǷˣǳԻģȱô棿
Ҫ˵ǰģǻȱһ֣ϾȵʱҲôʹڶһŻңطˣ񻻳ɼ衣ǽ˻ʹ˾񾩶ķȻһ£ʿǮʱţټϼ衵ֶҲݣɱҲ٣Ϊô㲻ֵ
ЩҪǨҪҪһΪЩҲȥάһƵȥԴµİա
СǰҲΧȺӵСĿڳſڲӣͷųŵл˶棬ֵǣŹȥһյ蹦
С̧ͷһۣʣһˣ
ͷСһݸһƴӣúãȥͬӵˣҾС
ͷӿֻ滭ߡ
棬ʮţÿһףÿǰйȺǰ˾һôľƣ滭Ÿָıǡ
Ⱥźöӣȥͳһİõ㣬Ȼͳһϴ£ɹԱͳһ֯ȥ˹һʳ伢ŸоԼ̤ʵء
˵Ǿסİõ㡢ʣһβ͵Ĺء·ԿķݣλС޽ģλС˿˵ǾһţŮӣȴ볯Ϊ١
˯ǰģģ룬ӳ˵ߴ2ǵʱô飬һӵû϶ߣǸôС
˭Ҳ벻ôһģʹ彫Ϊ˱ҹУĵһˣδ˴󹦡
һҪġɫеѿ֪ص˵˳͢׼û뵽ôС
ɡ³ɡպĳɡʤԽԽϢЩɶԽҪĲ֮أܵʧǰࡣ
ʧܵסؼҪҪЩ˺úҪЩĴܣȻЩҲ񡢵ˡ
ջȥʱҵʱ
衵ɡ
˵һһ٣˭ʱֽţȫ塣
һһ䣬ߵǺܿܽԹ⣬֯տʼ·ߵĻˣ˺һͷ
˵飬衿ԴǱߵķأ
ԴѸٻظԤ̷Ϊأͬʱ֤괺ǰ깤νΪɢлݽһζɽ·ӵѣΪѡҪһԣУֻܸĵ
Դһһ衽ʺϽȥشԼҪ֣ÿطŵĵͼҲܵ衲ͷȻо˾ǲһ˵¶ӷġ
СŮʺȥڶǱߣǱѶȲ󡪡Դ˵ȴվ˳£л˵
衵˵ӣʾ
׼һۣһݹڻݽԼ˺Ƶۣ˺ӵĻѾˣԴϸ޽ѵ㶼ȫ˳
ţȴӨ׾ƤԺһ㣬ȴȹȥ򶨣Ըؽ߾ȫʶ
Լʱȥ˻ݽ壬ǳﱸһգҪôһݹ̡οҲ׼սѾ˴Լʮ˵Ŷӣһݹ̣˸ԴĹ
ԴӿݣѾٺŮޣΪ˸ĸǵǾӶ࣬Ϊһɵ·ȴԸȥһ龣ȥ̤µ̡
ѾûܷʵأĬͬͬľֻݼԴͷӦһá
ʮһգעһҪʷӡ
һ
˸˿˿̻Ȼûɽ¡
Ǻںţֻ¡ը죬ݽһСɽ屻ըƽˡ
ǼžȻһ󻶺
ɹˣ
ɽҲƽˣˣ
ݿ׼õͭ࣬һ£ﴽ
࣬ԭһڶ檽Ի˸ߵѣʼԼյĹԶһЩ۵˺й˺ӵΪһ壬׷ж
ʮָ䱻ַȥǱŵλãһˮҵѸٱСƳأй߶õֵá
ɨרŵ·ߣṤͶԱһʱ׵㣬һ·Դ˺۵׼ֵķʳҲɳ¡
Զݼ¼һЦҲɽ
ҲһЦԽȻܡ
ǽŸָĻ⣬вԶԷ͡ΪĳϣĴڣȻûм棬ȴС
Ͼ¡
ڵһСѩʱڴ˺Ϣ
˺Ӷε޽ɹݸѵһΣȾȻǰСһʼ˳֪ȴ׷ת˿ڷ磬佱еʶǻۡ
ʹĶϣϯڷŻ¯ڵķ˱һ֣ͬҲףѡ˳С
ǮϲЦտյĲиŬš³˫ͷŬ˳ѡȻҲ˳¹˳ѡֻŸѡĽˡ
ֵΪźī׫дʥּһҪְմڻʹǮ϶жȻ泩·ѾԤϵպŲࡢʤǽĺӡ
̲һתӣмڴ˵СΪ顣
Ҳ֪ЩôŵλãȻǮ˰棬ÿ̧ͷܿһξ;ۣ
ǰͼ˵˵ЩôģѡֻͨʮǾ˵ܶ˴ﲻı׼ǾȻҪְȫѵˣ˺󹬣ͻҺ󹬵ʱ򣬶Щǵĸ岮Ȼٲɣ
ҲͷңҾԶЩȥۼŻΪ˰ôҪͬˣ͸ֶ֪Űи飬ġŮͽҲǴˮƯ
غͼһۣ׷̾
̫ˣǣҲù
ҲԴˣҵĹһڹϻӣ㵹ǲġ
˵ˣ£ҪƷˡԴûϣ˻죬ţǸѡûһҡ
ǣҶӲǲĽæˡʵϴοˡ
ƷðôƷ٣ǺĺܡһˣҲǸƷءԴ˸롣
˵ҲøҶӶһˣҪһµĹɼ檣ΪҼҿ֦ɢҶ
˵ҲأŮƷˣôȴûһƷΨһһʤͳɻˣ˰ˣɣܹ鶼Ǳ䲻ԴƸпʵڲУҸӣòõģ֡
ˣ
ޣѹԴǹ֮󣬹⵽岿ЧӣŵĽ



69¡ ìܲתì
æµʱ, ڽ񡢸ԹֹǾʳҲȽ͡
ֺ˺޽һ, ζûôϢ, ǿļ, ȻҲ׽ºŪȥһż衼Ӱӵ㴦
ǿ˼衷Ҫ, ȻһֱڵΪֹ, ǰıɱӺ󣬳׹Ծѵûץʱڶ, ǸޱϣŬԲ
ȵһѩ, ڴæµнѳҲ˳һڶ, ٰ˴˴ᣬǾ֮ͬ֡, Ȼ͹
˻ʵۣگԻͻƽһԡ[1]
յ˷͵ʥּһʱݸܼһ񣬹ܼҶʱϲЦտɫ۵̫һɰ, ֪¶Щˣ
ֺ̫Ǻ, һ, ֻһֽƬ, ипؼҲǰҡ, ĶһƱ
Цݸֿ̫ѸپͽˣߵȻǵһҲʵģţԴˡֽˡ𽹴ˡǮˡЩپ̴ˣ¸̴ʹ͵ľ㶼һЩС̴ڹѡһ˵Ƿ̴ϾʱЪϢһ
̫ĻζʱʹͲܹ⿴ֵÿǷʵá˵ǸʵáϾʥģʹѾš
һһüͷ̲ס룬ŮѡŸչ¾ͰѹȦˣԴ˳סͼͳͺͷϵʭӡ
ܼҼ״ֶһ䣬̴֪͵Ĺģ
̫С
Żʵ۵޹Źոߵʵ۵޹
ܼĬĬ˼⻹ȷʵͦЪϢ
ࣺ
ʹԼƽͣϾʹˣ̫ȷʵ岻á
Ŷꡣ
ܼҺԺ̫࣬һͷͼԼһ࣬ɾүʲôף
һףʲôף
ʺ󶼻δ빬˾ס˽ȥʼӵұȷʵǲ񷨣ɱ¶ǳɫ浹ӢϣҲǻӹ֮˵ʲô
ȻԹܶԵգ˽£ʵ۱΢Բһˣ˭ʲôأοŰҲûвԸ⡣
ȵ۱УҲǷԭʺ󣬶˽ɽݡ
ֻô붼еģవ̾һ˦ұȥӼһơ
ܼӦǡ
ӼŵĶԶ಻ϻο
ѧڵĵطֱȥ½ڵĵط
ֻϵʽĲ⣬˹ְ˶ӵ˹ӼѧϰȻεѧϰж徭ѧϰδء
ͨˣӼļƷеĵģæһڲڣæܳ࣬ˡ
ͷǰ˳ѧӱδϲáȲҪȥչȭţ¶΢Ц
಻˵ӼƳŽҿһۣʱһ㶣ڿΣĿһջĿ⣬ǿװ¡
ڿε˭ãʵֶԺԺôΪЩظ飿
ֻ̨ϣһŮӷΣͷ򶨡һһ۵ϬûԼŮϸƤͲĸɾŮݣûжҲߣ˵Ĺ۲ʱҲֻ侲ڿΣзֺҡ
̲סͷеź˲ӣ漴ְԼһ䣬ҲǵһŮ٣ŮӱŮӰɣȻݲŸɣαһֱ¾ɵĹأΪ£ͬΪ٣ѵҪֳߵ͹
ӼƼɫ糣Ż͹̾һشˣҲ˵ҷӦңЩѧɲùܣϹʵѧпոڿΣһ°˵һʼЩ˶ǱϹ˵ˡ
ϣʱϺͳĳ˵ϵˣλϹ
ڱְ󲿷ʱ䶼ڹϸΪз|ҩйƷѫ˲١Ȼ໹ûۼʶҩ²Ҳ󶼼Ĭڣż¶һǿҩϹ
Ӽ¶ڴ࣬ȻҲһ˲˼Ÿģ࣬ȻˣҲȥ˵䡣
Žгĳ̾һЦˣĺܺãʱҲ̶ȡˣԺ˵ˣԺ͵ÿˡ
Ӽæ໹ϵ׳ء
ֻЦûнͣתһȦ֮뿪˹Ӽ࣬ǰ˻ʹ
Żۣһ·߽衵鷿˼衵˶˴񣬡ˡ
һ㶣ŷӦɫ޼ӷΪһƷ̫ʦպлҪ˵ʱ۽
۵ϣٱ֮ʣһȰɱ¡
ة뽲ҲЩпһʱ䣬Ҫ뿪ˡ
ѹŵۣȻϽ˵ӡ
ΪüƣӿǣڲҪ飬ֻ衷˼˼ȣмλӹس͢Ӱȡ
һˣʶԼ©ʲô
Ȼ֪㲻ԼδҪˣҪʲôһ˲֪
Ŵ߻ģǴ
ôӣ衵˼˲ƮԶȥҸɸͣ
ң΢Զһǽӽ˳ɵ˼ﶼ˱ץȥͷŹ
ʱ򣬼衻治ҶļͥĺӿףһأһʱѡֱѪ׸˵ˣʲô˵Ĳ޸ʷᡢ۸µĳӣܻѰλƳ̫
ο²⳼Ϊ̫ʦм㣬ʹ޻ӣȻҲû̫ӣΣҲ֪Ҫʱá˵˾ߣ¶αǡôֻ֣Ҫ衿ȥУѡĽܲˣҲûܡ
ȵ߳ŵʱͷ˼һֻۣľ۳˼ظ·ϣֵȺͯĻ磬һƬľ
룬źˡ
鷿һдʽʥּ·һȥѼͼؽй
˶ˣ衽£ʵܻҪӣôˡ
衵뷨ǣìܲתìܡ
Ȼûкӣеܵܺð
ߵܵܺáһڴȻƸ˭Ƹ˭Ƹ֮꣬ٿ顣
ұŴѡЩԶҶУ񾩶棬ֻΪˡ衰ʾ
ɣ˭ӣ
ࣺ
һ¶һЦݣͲǻң֣»ǵÿá
Ȼô˵㻹ж֣
˼һۣбɱ⣬ЦŶԼ˵磬ҵģʵϾǸŮӡ
衵򵥣һʥּ˵ù̸ңҲУһҲĸգҡ࣬ҲһֻҪһʥּͿǻعʼңЩ⡣
¶𾪣һ²ʮ壡껹̫СһЩɣ磬˵ԶҼġ
ЦֿƺûԼص˼ֻСҲҪʱ䣬ټ࿴һ꣬ɻʱ򣬴ԼҲʮˡ
ػȻ򣬡磬˵Ļ¸Ҫƣʮˣ˶ûУߺô˰и˿˵ҹҲįͲһˣҹ¿ҿʵڲУֱӴŮһõģٸǴͻ飬ҲǷһΡ
ڼˣУҲҪŮ˭˵ûˣҡ
衺ͼͬʱĿƿ˭
ʶԼˣˣǼĿ꣬죬ѵǡǱ棬ϲܾˡ
ǰǲ˵᲻˵
ˣӦΪںԺ˭Ҳ֪ŮٳɻֻܲܺͬڼӣЩŬǳս᣿
ڸˣǺðҪɩˡ
༱ˣ˵һûҲ֪
صô
಻òͣŵ³һӦصľӣüֹסӵ뷨
֣ܵܺ˾飬ɶ˼һۡ
ĴԽŮʵҲȷʵ츳һһŮҪһȷʵ赺ϡ
˵ǱС˵ſ˶ʮ£аʮҵݡ
Թһֻһ
˭Ӯң


*
лҪ˵
ûӮңҶ;ͬġʾ
1Űһߵǳݣ룬ǿˣԸ³Щ
ĹףףɽӰ̩ٲʢ
עͣ
[1]˻ʵۣگԻȷĶϾ䣬ǵӾĸֶϿʥּ಻ˣջſɡ



70¡ ̫
С˵ɱķĺ, Ϊɱǡٿǰļ࣬ΪͼֳԷ, һʱվͰѼǰĵȫߵĵܵ, 衲мֻ
, ڼæźͼ˵ϵĵֱӵˡ
͵̵ְ
ӿ, һ, ǰӣͼһǰһͼסӵĺ·, Ӵмܳһӷɵ, ͱץסβ͡
湻𣿡ŸӣЦеΣ, żˣ֪
ѵ˸ӣֶżôһ£
˼һ, ѾˣĲҪãǾΪƳȥɡ
˵ţֿ˼һۣҲ, һϲ˭, ҲиĻᡣ, ˵һĻ, ͰЩһ̸, һƽɡ
СܣҲϲϱˡ
һոµ˼·ϵĻ˲˵ֲ㣬ȻǸˣһ˵ǸأΪųٳٲɻ飬ҲԸһΧӡ
ãȻʲô˭
̾ѵ죬ȵ۸ָ顢˵űɽɱǸĺΪ㲻ǰԵĹүҲܾˡ
˲ˣһӣϲҲ̫ˡǸ˭ֶˣ
̾䴫ŵģǹλǰδѡȻ㻹û̸ۼ޵ʱԶЩעԲŲ֪
û˵ǣ䴫żؿ˷ġǸ죬ȵ۲˵ǵĻԼͰ˸졣Ȼôڵģ඼˸һѵ
ظˣ˵ʲôȻ࣬㲻ƽＫΪæµʱ䶼ڹϴǸ˭㣬㲻ǽ˵ƽʱšȫ֪顣
¶һ΢Ц·Щ
أãˡ
ٵļ࣬ɵӡ
غͼͬˣȻ֮µͷǲ鲻ԸԤһ
ˣ衱ŸӣֱʹļףпǲһŮаôһأץס͸úúðաҵǸǻˣԸ
λʥּдˣ鷿Ĺһ򿪾ܷʥּͨƪϻҲдˣⷭ˷ʷȥѰЩνʥ֮ɫֻʣǸֻû
Ͳλˡ
ĬĬһΧˣ̲סЩͷۣǰʮյĿǰ˻ʹͳ͢ʣµҲԭĹĹˡ
ѵֻе֮ľɱ
ųɽǰ·̬ΪֹۣƴӢۣȵʱ˵һоͻԶҪķչ
ֱ˯ǰ衶ôġ
ʱ󣬼衴˯оѡ
衵ĶѸ˹һ²裬ݸ衣ɫôˣ
˸جΡ衺һˮ侲μʮ飬鷿ʱԼʮ㣩ڿۡ
ο´ԼǰǹҹΡԽһƬãڿۣ϶ҲһЩճ飬ûʲô¡
ûбοһǾ͸ˡ
ʮȻڵʵۣû
ңʮ㣬ȻڼӰӵ㿴ۣ
ʱ䣬ӦÿճͰһй䡢Ӷ飬ǶӶһȥ鷿Ĺǿ

Լ衵˽⣬ҲһʱûܸĽ࣬û⼾衻еĺ塣
̽ŵ´һȥ鷿ۣ
衲鸴Ӽˣ㲻飿
ŵĻðɣԹ΢Сһ㡣
˷ӦãȻƬ̣ɴ§ס衵Ȱ˯һΣξݾ͸ıˡ
衴Ϸȥ˯ţھĳۡһȺҲ£ͬ˯ž
߰һи˿˵ǼΪ㣬һȰɣ˵˳ͱµĿ·ȷʵӦˣߴٱ£ֻҪߴٻñɣǻӻǹҪġ
˵ˣǲ°˸ҲȫͬҲǵ̫˵ָͣҪôˣǳ˻
֪ˣµҲûôܹͳĻӽҲδ֪ӢһأһĲҪҪһ˸ϺλǻҪŮȥһˡкȥ밲
˵мŮ˵ĵǣҪŮҲ֪СǲúŪҲɱ˳˵ļңŮǲǶ֡
޷רĹ˱¾ͺãֲǽȥͰһģʱͷǣȵԺˣǵĺӡ
˻һۣ㶼Ц
ʵ۹̫ܿϣѹִ󣬷ʵѧ޷ϸλôЩϱļ壬ҲòһԺ󹬵;ˡ
˵ףǶǵŮޱţϾ乬ٸŹŮҹ㣿ֻҪദˣȻüĶ
һʱɣֻҪºӣһʲôδҪģЮ̫
ǷȻȻ˳ȥ衻ĥٷʥּӦôдַ׷|ɧ|
ϾѡҲƴѡѡڵȴѡСѡǲҲԸˣ
οѡСѡƺҲ
ǮȻҲⲻִ䣬Ǯ˰Լҵ˰һ飬̲סҲҪҪ˽ȥԼ˿ƫŮ̫Сһ㣬ҪôͷҲ̧̫Сʱйˡ
ӣֻܿϰǮ㣬Щǳһɴһ۾һգ˱ʻȥ
ŵǰ޵Ǯˣҡ˽ȥȵߵͷ׵ǰŵͷֺһЦ
С壬ʵûˣҰæǮ˶Ҿ
һ徲䲻ȵƶҶ꣬ƽ͡մԵοƶ΢޷æ
ǮֻͬˣС壬ҲҪģֻҪҿӡ취С
䵭ʾ˵˵˿
Ǯ˵ǰɣһˣϲˡ
ޱ顣
ǮּȨҲСֲȱӣôôһݼҵҲҪ˼̳Уһ˸ùϵҲкô
ֲͷˣָ̫ԣºܾûؾҲ
ǮһЦŮµĺҲ£ҿɣҪǻǴԴͷ⣬С壬˵ܲܿһҩ˰ѺӸˡ㿴ŮӣЩүôͲԣҲˡ
֣
ߣߣӣ̯ҳϣһǰǮȥ
տĽ⣬һɹ
˹֣˴궳ֻһᰲĵﴫһߺȣʲôΣҿǻˣʲô鶼룡
ߺлǮ˵һģС壬ҴˣҴˣҪ룬˵ܲ
̧ͷ죬ֻԼʲôû



71¡ȥ Ǽҵž
ɪ, عһذɫ¡ʱڣǾѾԽĵҲ, ʹ, ǰַ, ȴ֣ѡ
ڱ֮ǰ, Ҫʱ, ̨Ⱥ򣬴îʱµ, ʽϳ
һʼҲùΣֱĳһǰһ, һѺӻ׵ĳվɪɪмɫ, ŲԾʵǲ˵, ɴཫǰȫרŸЪϢһձܱܺȺȲЩġ
ٳʹޣӲ衿˶ѵһʾڼ衵ļ, ³, һҲˡ
ֹЪϢ, Ҳڡǰ
ڡ
̲۽Щ, һӾͼǮһȦһ, ʱϲŤͷûƬֽԴŤ˻ϡǮˣ̲ס´п
ʲôǮ˷۾һڣϴͦæһ϶û˯ɣô˵ةҪˣ˷ܵ˯žˣ
ЦһıԼةˣǮôˣĪλʿ㣬е㱧ȭŹһ٣
Χ˷׷״һ壬͵Ŀֲ´ֻΧԵĺȦ۽Щ죬û˯á
Ǯ˾͸ˣֱӷ췢ϣͷһԵϣȥЩҡ
Ǯɫ΢䣬ҲռѩǱ尲̩Ų·ײӶѡϴˣƽҲûô᲻࣬ô͵ˣ
ޱ飬֮ˮٺҲò棬Ǯ˵Ǳ£··ײӲ˶ͷܰ۾ײϡ
Ǯ˸˵ʲôͱסˣˣˣ˵䡣
Ͻǰһպõס࣬Ϸһ棬ȥٳܡ
˫ͣһԣҡͷźôһ죬ɢɢˣϾҪîʱˣȥŰɣŵվãҲҪˡ
̫վãһҲݡֳ˰߽оزе˶ѹ
̫࣬˳
ϵϳϽֻĪϲСʵۻһһеľҲر仯Ҳ˺üΣҲϳʱĵһ㶼û䡣
ﷱĲ룬Ͻ֮ǰǰһбࡣ
в˾ֻЩ˼顣Ͻ׿ڣǱֳĬֱ³
ңͬȵʱģʲô鶼Ҫõһ˵ҪƽһЩõ糯ۣ鶼ǵ۵鷿ģǵ˹ȥѯһ
ûȳ˼Ȼϵľ
Ͻһˡ
·һըӽȺ˶ըϽȻ˽Ҫ˵ʲôɣԼĻʮ࣬ȻԼѲꡭ
ϽԼһϹڼ˵ⷬ
һλ佫˵ΪʹĪʿĺ꣬׳־ѳꡣ
ԼʶԼ˾һ˲飬ĳһóĳһϥǷĳһʹ̫ҽԺԺѯʹԺ޸ʱ䲻ˡ
ϽȻٴθΣٴȥһ˱߽֣Ǵžʬսɳ
ۼĹԽǩ˺ԼԽƽ£Ͻŷھꡣ
Ͻ΢΢̧ͷȴֻƽ·Ԥϣֲ㯡
Ҳԣ̫ҽԺԺȻὫصҲһݣñ׼
ϽǣȻҲ׼дõʥּʹ˰䲼ӷ⾸̫ҽһʹɣϽѾûˡ
ֻһת˵ؼϣУ²ȥУһƣҲһЩ飬һЩԵеı¡
ȻϽԥӦˡ
ףƺЩˣȻˣǾɡ
Ͻû뵽ô򵥾˽һ㶣òҵԼ£ˡ
̾ϽԺһҲˣ¶׼
ͬϽһԶųԤϣҲۣͼ衶෬Ҳͷ˳ȥֻʽּڳһ̡
˼ӷ⣬Ҳʼա
͹һ·򶨵˵꣬ͷΧһСཻ̫һ仰
һ£򲻿ɡ
Ͻ
һʱȻʧԣƬ̵Ĺ򣬼Ѿ̨ϰݷԣ߰ɡ
еĻ˶Ͻżһ·ĹٹĬĬ󣬰ϳд׵ΪλϳС
յĳ˵ӰҲɢڵıϽһ·ֻ⹬̫̣Ҳ̫
˵ǱͣҲ͵ſڣȵ˳ͣĵطЦ£ʵǿˡ
ףϽЩңڵš
ļ͢ڲߡ̶̵̿ʱ䣬Ѿ˰źõĴλϳؼҡ
Ͻɫӣҿᣣ⿴ңңվľпδϡ
һôһҲֵˡ
Ȼǰλʵ۲ôҺôǴ񣬿ϧȵµǻҲˣʱԸվ޷ˡ
Ͻղ۽ǵһᣬͼһŹֿ߳ŭϷжһ²УլʺϷҲԴ˸ѡ
ɫӣϽڸýˣǧסˣʫдµģôõġ
ҲͰˣǧ˸пһ䡣
ȻˣٽߵĹȻʫûףΪ䶼ˮ׼
Ͻ
Ϊˣòˡ
һ·ִ䣬Ͻߵʱ򻹲һȻԩңĹپûõġ
߽ۡһĺס
ϽתͷֻǷһͣǷ˲ˣˡ
ﻮãͱͨڽųӴԺڻʹ
ϽۿȻˣԼʲô˵Լصġ
ǷͲЩҿ㸸һ꣬οұȵ۷Ϻûݣֻܿˡ
Ͻֻǵͷãһжá
ΪھżܼݻʹŮһ棬ãû뵽ž۵ʱ



72¡ е
λ˵ϳ, 黹û˵꣬»ûչְ˽лȥϳ, ԭ·ء
һһһ, ɹ̫, ĳҲů˲٣ǵԶĳӻȡ
ʵ, λϳ뿪֮, һʼἸϼ衸п䣬õոˡֹΪ衵ľٶģϳӮǰ뷨, ΪԱλճˣ
ҲôϾ󲿷佫Ҫ߽פ, ССսۣô˵ҲмΣ, ĶҲòϸ˼һ, ԼûбҪǰ塢һݷֵֵá
ο佫һϵЩҲͳ˸Ͻ˻ԶҲΪƽͣ˼ţҲмǫǡ
λͲһ, ˭Ҫһһ֮֮ϵλáҪ˵, Խ, ةǰٹ֮, ʵ, ة࣬ǴȨա
ĳǸ񶼷ɿ촦ϣۼԽԽ֣ţЩЦã˳ǵ⣬׳һϢϽȥʹʧ۰򣬵²ˣ޵ҲҪֵλ϶кߣ
ʱгվͣȲðͷ£ͣԸΪ·ǣ
ԱԸΪ·ֵ˶ȥˣѡһλʵˣοΪΪЧô˵أϹᡢѡ
Ǯﰵһǰһ£Ҫӳ飬ة֮λ׶£Ҫϸϸһ
ͬǮ֪֮ǰΪƼѡ
źҡͷǮ⸱ģЩûЦǿ˵Լˣˣƽ޴ѾΪķѾҲûôϸƹ鼰ɴ󶼲䡢ͺԺѧʿʫ飬ͨʹͶԺʷشЩѡģܹ⡣
࿴˵˺ܶ࣬ʵʲôû˵ǽʸѡȫһ飬ɿ޼䡣
ʵΪͼ衶֪żȻҪְǽûҪ֣Ͼг⣬׶뷨ȻôæҲûҪ¡
ҲǵϣƼһʲôϾ˭ҲûܰλϳԼսһֻǽӳһ⡣
ڵļվ˵£λһᣬôҶ׷׳ԣԱһ
һ仰ʱ丽͡
衴ɣɣʱ䣬λԣʲôѡԼǿԵģҲҪĹٽǶةƶʲôҪ䶯ĵطҲӣҲúһһδ󳯻ᣬһҪΡ
˳衿ǰһۣٿԱߵСӣһ̾һҿʼλϳˡ
ط밲ۣۡܽᣬڲĸְţÿأæʱ
뵱Ͻڵʱһһ䣬۶һȻ渽ֽдٽ衣ֻҪ滭Ȧߡʾһ¡ʲôʣͰǵֽһۣʵڲٰ˽йһС
̫źãҲ˼衵Ը񣬵²ѡ˹οһҼ˵ϻ죬ҲСۡ
ĶˣȥˣΪǿѡһ飬ȺΪҽŮӹһ⣬ͳͳûŹ
г˹ڵϢֻһȺˣ곤Ҳ֮꣬ʱ˾裬ΪֻһСѡ
ȻˣҲӰ첻֡
ڣ衾ٱҲҪЩͺãճСۣǻһ
ʤ
أ
ǰһСһλٰɣЩ۾Ҫһһģ´δ󳯻֮ǰ·ʱա
ݿǰϵһ衢ġīֽԼһۣЦЩû취֣Сһ
һ˿Сۡ˵ﲻԣƽﶼæµѵôһǿԱģʲô˵ȥ֪ͨŷ
ôҪ˸ɻ衻ǻע˳Աġ
Ǳ˿ĭִЩɣְȥֲ㷭ٰ
һºͿǰҷĵģҲõġ
һ仰ʱǱ˼ѪȻ˵ʼŬĥСֽдԼ
ͱһۣüԲϿɼ衿佱Ǳһ䡰õġ׷Ҳ
ûˡ
ʤǰһ仰ˣֱûۿֻ̾ǰһѶʵǴ
˭ĲΪǰĶ˭ܲΪȨ
ʤЩܳȻ֪ΪҪȴôԼϵһٺ»˵飡
衿ǰһĻжȻһɺ׳־ƾʵۣ
ʵ۾Ӧ
ܵ۷ֳɺüѣַٰȥһֱŸӣһŵģǰ̯һҲʼԼ
ǲǲ
ʤеһۣĥīļ϶̧ͷֻ衽һⷪԲڸĻྐྵӣ֪ʲôݣü䣬ڶŸ˵һΪеӡ
ʤ񣬼衻Ȼ򣬴󷽵һԲ
ʤʱЦãежѵǲЩԲЩⷪҲ̫ˣʤ룬Ҹôһ£ʾǶһЩȡôҶܳϡ
ԶĲģŬʱѾһµͽˣڽ󳯻ةһ£ٶȿĴѾԼҪ˵ʲôҪƼ˭һֳ
ʤӹһѣһֻһƬ£־٥ǿ޻ʵԴԼͿ๦ߡΪ٣ϧ˵ʱֻʣһѲ֪Ƶķϻ⣬ȻةһλҲԸΪ·ǽѡ
ʤֻȤζ۵Ѹٽ˺ԺеĴӦϣ˵һֻܹϻӵˣͱȽϴʲôУûȥΪʱû㹻ܹλáڶԼ衵أǿһƽȡⱾ۷ѾһС
Բ˸ӣݲݷһ飬衲豭һֱ棬ܾЩ豭Ĳ̫ˣ漴һѱ˸ӣͼڸϲһȶȡ
ӱקסģֻ衵̫䣬ܿߡ
ȥԼ۷Żȥȥһµۣ״ֳż߹ѹ䣿»һȲ߽ȥѰһӣҲůů֡
ʵѾݻȥոͽѾѰ¯ϺõŪůˣݹͱһֹˡ
ҵȷʵе䣬衵Ȳ̫̣ŲҲȥˣҲ̣ȥѰҲ֪ҪãһһҲһˡ

ֻϼ衵ıݣ¯ԼغãŬڳ״̬Ȼһģͷūʹˣ²ˡ
ˣʵÿҲԶҶۣƺûע⵽
Ų£סЩָ˽ůһů
衻һЦǾˡ
ʮָۣһ𣬰еţʱʱһΧˣ衼״οҰе۶Ƿȥˣһʱæ꣬ע⵽ߵġ
أˣġ
ʹ׸磬æµʱջˣǲ̫˵㣡
ڶ죬سϿ󣬲绹мһ磬ֱȥڷ䣬ҪʲôҲԼĿռ䣬ҪҲԹȥѯһ
ͱڶͽڱĹҪ˿ˣҲ˵ԼȥŮһôѡݱŸ˼Ҳܣɹ󣬡˺ӵһƻûɣһҪȥʵؿһ
һ㶣ڰ¸ˣ첻ͣˣαؼһʱ
ʵͣͣǱΣȻʳ·̫٣ܶ˶ûѣҪȥǴŴ˶סɱ⡣
ӽأֿʼѩ衴ңÿ˶ٸЩǮַһʳȡЩҲ꣬ӭģ˺ӵּࡣ
һݸ廹û꣬ǰǱߵģҪϸϸһĵͼղ͹Ҫ깤ݵоݣͼվֻǵͼܶϸڷ滹ǷȱţҪȥһ۲ŷġ
ԴӰԽǩЭĺ̸Լ˺ӵ޽ʤתݣʤϹҲ֪˵ôģټ衿ƻʱ򣬿һͷĲԾ
衵ʱ룬ݼƻ˵նӸⲻѶԷð갡ٶһԭԼˣŶûˡ
˺Ҫʮ֣ʮҪ˺ΧסȻ·̫ʱ䣬ˣ˺פΧ޽˷ݡݽ͵ǼΪбҪġ
ʮֽ׳꣬˵̫Ƿ޷룬ȥǵӺԼˣȡһžۣ⸽УЩĳ
ǣԽľӺһˣִ˶ʮ
ͬʱЩƽҪʳסУô÷̾ƹݲ¥վԼǵĹٸͳͳأӰҹ
ԽľһˣذѰļ϶ˣҲ˼ˡ
ȻݵĹٷԼΪҲЩ˵ɣֻ˵ؼҿʱԡ
һۣԽԽ࣬Ԥʮˣ
ʮҡݾ΢Щźһ˼ΪɣԸ
ڲ⹫ļƻԤΧư帽˺γһʮ򣬰ѰˣȫתΪԽˣѪշһƬٰԭİΪԽĹҪֽ㣬ǽ
ȻĿǰԣ԰˵ǻʲô֪Ϊݾͽ˺ӵģһŮΪ̫ˡ
ƽĶۣݾԼĲãô̹˺üλϳһҲƻպá
衣ǲǰѧúҽҲȥٸżǵˡ
Ҫ͸Ǿ͵÷涼ע⵽ˡ
衿ǰݲȵŮӣİпˣӦվʷ̨ϣųҫ۵Ĺԡ
ݺͼֻ̽죬͵Ҫһֻ޶ë޶˲ſϷ֣ӴǣͷǰԽ˵ԽζƳܾ࣬ʲô˲õļƻһ˲䵮ˡ
ڣԽæµȺŵĹҽᣬһλƽＫٳŵˣͼѰ˿˿˼ů
Ⱥһסüѵ䣬˵ҪֱӲҩϣצѩˮʪҪɹ
ԴȺϲ˲䣬ɹڴһƬˮա
Ⱥ
ȺʵҲæʱȥļţټ¼ͰдҽḶ́дһ飬ּͼ㼸ҳ֣ԣҲԼļƻ
»һʽѣȺʰԼļ¼ֳɡ飬ٱŸӣôҽš
һ·ˣ˻ٺЦŴкϾݵ΢̫๬Ů֪һǲˣõıŮҽȥһƿҩ̫ҽǣɲȺҲòͷδ˵
ʤǱԼһۣͼȺʩʩȻྭ˫ͷ⣬Ȼʹ˴
ʤ΢һۣҸоԴӴӰŮҽƺЩһĳЩطͱˡ
ǱΪȻҸоŮҽ϶ȥճպƽ࣬һ䵭룬˵
˵ţǱһʤĿĶͷͣƬ̣Ȼ򣬡ޣȷʵвһĵطŮҽҽˣ˵ڰǵҽдãЧͷҲˣٵͺͷˡ
ʤ
ôġ
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һƼʱŤͷˣȺҲ˲ϡ
ƽȺѸջָ״念һжãûʲôҪҩĵطֻ䣬״˻ҪעⱣů
Ҳʱ˵䣬ȺʼдѸʣд꣬ȴû뿪
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һѡȺٲ˵ȥз£
ȺһҭΪҽߣϰ˲ǧٹֵ⣬Ҳ˺߻Σ䵭ͷʰжȾС
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Ⱥ
⣬ѵˡ
ȺϸһºöҩĸҩûУ̫ҽԺУײã롣
ҩǵƵģǰǰǰĳЩٹҪĲ϶ޱȾϸûָ߹ԱԶҪȥȡҲû˸׼ҩ
ΪȺ˼ǰдٵűȥҩȡٿȻһЦ³ˣǷŮҽһ顣
Ůҽͷתͷȥͬ念֮Ȼһף״˵ҪһЩҩǳѯʱ¡
Ⱥ˵򵥵İ취ֱӸ衽Ƣã֮仹һ˲õҥԣѡ㣬ⲻѵĽ
ȺѰ˸ɾΪǲ˼ڣǳ衽̫ҽԺ洢ǼƿҩЧΣѣЩҩһʱˣҪơ
Ŀһ˰ɡ
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¶һĨ΢ЦǸ£ʱ乻𣿡
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ֹˣȺ̸С̯ǿһС̣Σǳֵʱ䡢æµһ
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ȺΪԼжôǿߡ
߱ǰ|ʹ˲ʹԲѧҽôһ·˹
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˵飬Ⱥ뿪ʱ͸һ¯ҩƹģ嵥кô
أȴ
ȺƵҩ¯Ϲģơ
ϣ彡һһǰҲϣԽԽԽá
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73¡ ڸѡ
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˭ʱ˵ҪӸ׵İ, ҪԽةࡢӢľ첻ΰҵء
ʤޱ, һ߷һ̲סʡڵۣǹȥкˡ
ʤ΢ͣһ, ˼ôԼı࣬衴̧ͷ, кˣ԰ͽ, úȡսӹĵӡͽӳиҵС
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ʤɳܵĶˡ
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λ﷭ֱۣ⣬ˣҹۣڤ˼룬ݷ࣬ȷʵҪ˸һ
û˵꣬衾˳סôأվǰеһЩϳֻһĿ¶⡣
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ٹٶʱȻ
ڸ
ʤòվԴϸһ˵ˣǸͶƱȨϵǿ߸飬ٽڲͶƱȻͶˣ飬ͨһԸ
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±衶µ˵ִˣ濪ʼԣ£Щڸְ񣬿֣
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ܹǸиԵæµ
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ǡǣ衵֣ԼɣԼһë䣬°ëҲ䣬˰ɡ
ӴŰֿ衣ЯȥԼԭأֻ¼ʶĵն֮

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74¡ ν󲻿
˷˷, ѩƮ䣬һ½Ⱥһǹ˴, Ⱥеȴ, ԴӱͣʮԺ, ʱڵףͳĻ
ʹȫ޵װΣŮ̫ҲԷַոµ, Ҳף, еһҲеóһ˻һѡ
, ܴҹעģȴǴӻʹƺƵ̧ġԸλ󳼵ʹ
ϺõĻʼ, мֵ, ˻ʵ۶Դ󳼵Ĺĳ̶ȡǸעǶڴ, ǰȺϢ
нʿϸڵÿӵһϢͶֵȺһӮһƬһƬֵĹ
齭ֽˣͳһһ, ƿһԡ
ͯͯ, һ, ﾸʮ
, ƶƥ, ļжʮƥžС޹¯

Щ½ĽʿЩرģʹǱŵأҲʹһЩİڼߣѡʮŮһһС㡣
ѡʱ򣬼룬ϣЩŮܴӴԾšͷӴĺĶС
Ȼ治֪һ㣬ֻäĿ²ţӦǱϣЩŮ彡ɣܹϺõԢ⡣
ػ˲ֺظ٣ʹרŸ̫Ҳת䷽ÿ̧ﶼ⾭һֵһ·͵ǰðǴһ档
ǻǲ̫⣬˵Ǿû̼û㹻зĶ
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浱ʱʤкٽ׵΢ŻʵͣȻǷǳźǱʹ͵飬ǲʲôպǰ±磬˼Ҫҷһ
ʤĵǰ󣬵ⲻһ顣
һڳ޽ѧУƾٹۺϣ㼸ٱ飬»һʼҳĹݵӣ
ݼʱǵðǼٱ鿴꣬ٷֱдһڳ޽ļƻһڸѧԺļƻԼһƿƾٲѡƾٿԿĿİŷ
֪ݼʱܲܰ⼸æ꣬ȻҲһЩ˸Ҵ֣Щ鲻һ鷳
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ЩˣȻݼˣҲڣΪԼͣæµڲӲ꣬ÿԽ£Ļʱǫǫá
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Զ˵˵ϰɣʤ鷿ĵƾ͵㵽ʱҲһ飬Ҫֵæµ
ջ˼ʹͶĵʣͬǰľ˶ٴε̭ԴһЩĶˣֻĲܱͽʹ
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컹ȷĹӸ缷üŪۣŻʹķŬŬӣλһֱסڻʹλ
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ӲӹӸԱ߻һµĹӸ磬ţضɲصҪ׷ϵʫǮ˴Ӳԭ塣ʸϢˣ𣡡
µİճԹϲ´󣬷׷壬棬˵۸ȥľѣߴ콲
汻ߴٵ޿κΣֻ͸¶һϢûʹͣһʹͶûУҲûǷҷ£ûյϢ
Ӹ㿴ңҿ㣬Щ˼飬ⲻܰɣ
ֲһ䣬ȻҲ˵ˣλһˣԾڻʹﹲꡣ
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ò࣬üһǲŪ˸ġ
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˰գ¹Ӹߣ͹һڲ裬ˡ
¹Ӹ绹𾪣ӵұĽһ꣬Ĳ𣿡
¹Ӹ粻룬æù
һ첲⣬Ϲ˵СĽˣץǰʻ
䣬㲻ǻ˽
¹Ӹǽ̵СӣǲʶһļϣҲǽ˼꣬νҪϢ˳
¹ӸԼԵɣȻһͷͷҲǣԼͰҴ󷢹Ŵ̽Ϣˣض㲻ֱӸңڳжЩʲôҲȥЪš
һ£˼Ƭ̣ȷ
׼ѡõ˼˸ʲô֮͵ˤ˱ӣдһŽȵǣ
ǻΪɣֻһʱӽˮҪ˻ڳôɣɾȻһĵ˵ǷˣѾͻʸ˱£
ڳʱ˵˲ңȻڱߣɣ˵Ѿλֱֺ͵ʹôһջȳ²Ȼ˵޳
ΪԼɣɵڶɴסڻʹΪʱأһһϢѪ
Ȼˣ˻ȥǾû취ˡ
Լҵļһᣬɴƴˣȥһλպĵʿؽķһ飬ڶ죬ԼҵĹҲ˷֮
ˣλʿ˵ˮƽУķʵʵȣزΨղλ˲
ԼҵһԽû˸ѡԼǷӵԭ˵ԼҹӺȥýţ׷Ϩ˼ûͻʵŮˣ˶ڵλԼҵĹܹ󹬣ƽ
λʿɿκ³ʿҲм飬Գ浹ҲܿơҲ׷׸ŲһţһҲʼһ˵ԼŮȸй󵨵ֱ˵ԼҵĹ졣
ûʿҸɴȥһλĺлҼҪƽ͵ӷλʩƶɮѧ֮ˣֻһжϣɷԲҲӲ

ɫѿֲȻƶɮΪָҹҲִ̫ųٻ󣬲ƶɮ
ˣͿͣ
ʹһ߶ȤԼҡҵȼЩֳ˵ҲЦǣ¿ǳ乬Ҫǵı׼ǿǰֹûУƫƫǱЦڣչʮλʺһϵȫʧˡ
Цһ£¯һ㾫񣬲ٻ˯󲻿԰ҽ
˸飬衻˿˿ãʱֺһЦ£Ůǵδǵȷ󲻹ģҲ˵㡣
衵ûǨŭŮҲɼֻЩʵ̫һҵͼһλʮŮϣָŮӵܳʵǸߣȴûϰˡ
ǿЦЩŮӱǿˡ
ｫЩ˵һ飬衽¯ŵһߣʵأ
衺Ͱƽﶼһۣһûˣ衻м
¶ԥ״˳ˣܿͻˡ
ü
ͷ˵ظֻ֪Ǽһ죬ūҲµײôš
衴Ļֱʵȥˡ
µ״˳ˣȥݰ׼ˡ
һӳĬˡ
Խϰףÿʱ䣬˶֯һμݣרŸŵ룬ƽ̩˵ԽҲд͵ļ룬ֻ̫ˣҲø㣬ɴ͸ȡˡ
ڻʼҵļ룬һȵһûʲô飬һ鶪񲿣һС̫ȥ£׼ʲôҲͱ۾һ
˵ᵽԼļˣҲû£ⷽ棬ȷʵ̫עˡ
Ҫ衿ߴٵֱȥҰҪ֪ͨ
ϣܸϡ
һ·ֵȺͿĽֵ˹Լ϶ż衽͵׼ҵĹڽɽϣɫ״ǰȥĹլ׼
衵˵ͷǻ֮׼ҷԺ󣬾Ͱռ˰׼լӵһҸլԺԭڰ׼ҵլԺһֽ˰
׼ҵլԺЩϾѾδ˾סŵŷ㶿żһۣٿֳֳڲڶԼһ̫๬ʱ˸顣
ŷǰһס濴˲˻㱨ʵʵɣҪжĶ
ŷʵʵĵͷһ仰Ҷ˵ֻǺ̲סһƳȥ
û˼ǵĶԻֻǾǰլԺ
˸޹һΣȥĺۼʧˣĵ²ɣլԺҲͲʮ˴ɨϿ˵ǼΪˡ
һǰŵ·һ˾ĬȣΧֻ紵ĺ
ƫƧֿտĽһλֽǮֿʼڷżƷһж֣ȫԼɡ
ſˣ߽գգۣΪԼˣɼӰʶǼ衹ˣ˼ȳ˻þ
еĶż߽ڼǰվʵôˣæһãȥƬ̡
ǰһס֣㲻ԹƣЩջҸůһůãҪæʲôҲæһҲѸЩ
һҪֳΪε´ΰɣҸղŻЩĶȰҷſҵЩ
ս֣ɵ㶼Щɮ֮ԣôЩʲôҪôҲӣҲЩ֮壿
һ˵衶Цˡ
繣ֿű£ôСĶΪ½ղùæµʱعñ¾õȡ
¹࣬Ǻ財
֪ʱҲͣˣѩҲֹסˡ
Χ羲ĬԶһжЩģΨǰɼ
ɢЩâ˵ݣҲƺȼе롣
衿ܲ˵仰ʱ򣬰ġ
ɲŹ񣬵ҲðգԸҪҪӴЩ
ָ°ת˻⣬մЩңҰһ
ûУһ¡
ʶס۵׵ЦŷӦԾȾЩɫСĽƼ
衹ɻʵˣ
תֻͱϣԭڼʧøɸɾԣһῴɫ
ɴǱ㡣
ΪηҪб£Щ˴¡
ۺЦ⣬˵ΪԶҵı¡
Цһ£ҲƽֻãʱһͣͣϻȥټȰЩꡣ
ż衣û裬ĬϣһһڽƷϡ
Ű۾ƺһЩҪǰЩλ˵ҲԼ㣬ڻеȼ嵽ǰ¯ϡ
ռݰ׼ȡĬ仰룬Ҳǻ˼ҳλ׼Ī֣ҪˣδҲѰһʵĹ¶ð׼ҵȱ롣
Ȱϣż뿪˴˴ĽŲ࣬ԭţҲûʱˡֱ乬㣬һоͱˣһҲԽԽá
Ժÿ궼
ȴЦҡͷҵĵһԼ뻻һ£绻ɱİɡ
Ȼ޲ɣԥӦˣҪʲô
˵Ժпˣȥ̶ɽϿճɡ
˵ÿһǰȥ̶ɽϿճˣܰͷϡ


75¡ 
ʱ̾, ԱźĹŮźϴ˽ôô磿ѵõϢʱ䡣
滹Щû˯ѣγ, ڹŮʮ¶ʮ, ŷӦ, ݼ٣
ûͣ, ҵ, ӹë˲ȻԼŤë
Ůһ߸, һЦŹάƽ̫æˣ˵, ūȼӣƽҲūΪ, ūڴź򣬵ϱĸ
һЦ, ֻ̲ס룬ûдԽ֪ʶ࣬빬һˣõѡҲǽŮ, Ҳȥź, ѾƽŮл㲻Ľ֡
ֻǱһѡ
ŮȻôΪ, , Ҳûбȱõ, ֻб˿ǰһʱ滻
ʰ׵ţʹˡ
ŮҴ׷ݸһֽɡˣɡɣɫЩҪѩˡ
ЦŽӹ
˹ţǡСѩ£ԶԶԳſɡھĽֵϣžѩ
·˹Ӽ߽࣬ǩ˸֣ڴ˴С˼仰ʾԾ
վڴ˴ҲĶɴ߽ȥߵ˽ҸƼļվ̨Ĺ죬ݸһЦ
ǡýֵ
һۣԭĻ￨һ˲Ȼټ֮ǰݣֻǶһġ
澪ԼˣŤͷȥ
ԺɴŽֵһ·ߣһ⾩
ŰȥҴңֻüͱͷʾһͺŽ˸ߣһȺ˺ƺƵȥ
ڶűߣ滹ײ˽桢޸ݣ˴˸кݻæҲš
ֽɡǰУ滹˽ֵͷҽݣҽӵȺȻ˲ȥ˳üЦ⡣
ð̾һ䡣
ϳԶԶű棬ȲΧҲƲӰ
ǡʱһͷ·۵˳˹ݶҵĲݶҵŮ
洽ߵЦʧؤ޲ˣɡѸս
һ£ΰǼãǵýӽأڲؤҵطˣʵҲɾǰ˷ݾסôôˣ
ڲʱæǱ߳ȥҪˣλϴ˿ǱҪˣûҲͰˣһ˵ʲô飬Լȥⲻ
Աһ˹󺰵Ī㣡
ƴ߸ϣؤŬ߳壬սɡ
ؤȥɹһ˲ѪɽӳĽŲͣͣһ¶ηͿֻš
ûע⵽Ϊһ˹󺰵ף㣬ΪʲôҪɱҸף
ϵ˲䶼˹
ʹеڶѩˣκѩʼղΣѩһǿϸκһѩҪ
衷սŰܡŰսľ񣬼ƴѩˣŬͼѩ
ŬѹסԼǣͷװûһ˸ѩӣǺĸӴС࣬Ա̽ͷ̽ԣһһкͽơ
Цֻ࣬ǿתЦ£ԱߵĹҲʱ졣
ѵü³Ա
£洫һߺ֦һѩ£ǡþ˸չ̶õѩԴϡ
ˡѩ˵Դֵ
Ǳʱֻ衱鲻ƣѩһһˮ
ǱˣûӦ˾զզ£ѩԴôˣ
衸һĨƵЦݣ
ǱֻǼ£ˣ浱ˣŮȥ״˵ף˵治ĸ
˦еˮӹӲ˲֣ˣ
Ǳ˿ĭûҲıˣһɡܶ˶Ƽˡ
ƮƮ˵ز£˵ʲôãһȻо
ǱЩãȻ˶Ƥ־òö˵
ҡҡͷ̾ѵȻˣǾһˣ˵޲ĳ͢ɱ˷мȥһۣ˴ٻع㱨ҡ
ˣ衲ŶŰҲûиĸԵ
ʵϣֹûиĸԵ
ֱǵ˴ù
ʱ򣬶һһ㶵ģԱ˼Ϊûܳɹ˴ߺѾ˿˿ԾһĿ˵Լĸ׶ôôȰôһسŮɫ΢
ôǰû˵£Ϊϻϸñ˵ԼŮܰһضûС
ԳǸ˵ӣʮģƱ˵ǵļŮһֱδ٣ȴû뵽ھȴϣĩˣָű㲻ϸף˸ףѹ˶˵ûн˶㣬㲻ΪŮ
ɪɪҲֹסǿֵģ仰ָָ㣬ֱ˻ȥǲǰڲģȱ˵ָһСľͱ˸ˣùүȡ
󱻴˵Ǹ͵˸ҽݰ˹ȥ²ʡ
ǰһɫǺܺÿ
Ѿ˽ˡ
ȻɹΪʲôΪʲôù򣬾νͣǳ͢٣˱ͬţȻǲ¹
ͻȻˣ˰Σ˲裬ѧλϵĻʵ̳ŵģżͷһ۹׵ˣƼŤ۷ߺޣֻȻࡣ
ʮˣǿҲҪµͣϾһʮũҲҪɲˡ
ۣ֮ǲףʱһŮӶԣָ˵Ǽˡ
͹ɣȹˣҪ˭ȥΣ
ûȶãҴҸ˹žһЦŴ£
ڼͱתһȦߣߣӣʽʼʻˡ
Ȼ˵㸸ĸŮĳ㣬ƾʲô֤һ㣿
ȻҿϳǱϲݡ
ü£λһֱڻʹŵʱ򲻶࣬Ҳֱֱȥͼٳ¶棬¶Ҳڹϡ
ͲΪƽͷյıܼġ
ѾյϢλΪңʮ壬δȢޣһѺҲ˲٣ƽֻŻƵأ䡣
һߵ֪λӽôͳˣеֱӳԶԶţôǻ᲻С˵ϴϡ
ô˿ţ⡢⡭ûֳʲô
ﰵգֻǰԼûڱ߶లżˣˡ
ɫʣƣⲻ˵ʲô
Ȼּɣǣ֪ϲ̥ǣ첲Ϸһ룬˵ǰܿˣ
ɫһ࣬аһŮӵ·ѱٵʲôˣޣƾһ仰бȥһŮӵף
ǣŮûôϸ񣬵ҲûŵԵڰŮӵ·ǵ򸽽鿴̥ǵĵزҪôŮ˵ĹȻͻˣ
洫һеĴСϱƤѾҲҶӣ׼Ⱦͽӳȥ
浹ǲ⣬ĹأǸࡣ
ʰһң쵶ն飬ֱӸǰˣͼд̳͢٣õ
նԥӻ
ֵûУˣôܾĻ
˾һʾߴٵˣʱ䲻ˡҪأնɣҲӰ˱µ飬Žվͦãֱȥɡ
УϲݣܵܰϲݣǱϼҵĸôôң
űһĮı飬ЩãȻ᲻Ūˣݣλ㡣
ƾҪڣеϴˣϴˣⲻҵ⣬һңô˵ģ
ɫҲ׷ڣԽſ
ȥʵʱ򣬱ͼѾ˻ع
ڽȥǸΪӣ֪ﵽǣȥ˶ˡ
Щ㱣뿪ʱвֺãۿＤű˵ﻰҲֳ羴⡣
ڸ֪ʹλԸԸһŮٵƶȡ
˵氾ãҹдŮٵȨƶȣճ͢ԱΪŮͬƷٺ»ӡ£ҲеĹٷݼƶȣҪǲ١
֮⣬ŮеĻ䣬辭Ů걨ʹɱֻͨΪ޲Ϊ檡
ճѲߣϮŮߣһϮ͢۴
ŮͳһľӴɾ־ճأ˵Ȳý롣
ܣдʮӸַϷأžκοԡӴǻԺأ
ȲϣŮδĻ±ĸ󣬱ǸˣҲϣ˶ŮĴ죬λǡҪΪꡣ
д꣬˽۵ȥɵ˯˹ȥ
ֻ˯ɲȣԼǸ˺ͱĴ̼Ȼ뵽ԼԽʱ
һ˯ѣԭȥԼ֮ȻˣҲޱȡ
׵ҪԼˣţǰ˺üѽš
ʮӴһƿǸǮôѾܶԵˣףͲ
Ŀڣҵģ˵ҲǶģٿ࣬ҲŮ
ЦһҳʲôʲôҪ
һԵ곶ϵ֣ﰡҶˣҪǰ˰ɣҪˣʵܲסˣܲҶӰɡ
梣СŮӺ˱һݸһ񱭣ʢˮȿˮɡ
ʵڲǵԼǻʲô飬ãȻǰһ־硣
ֻǵСŮ޵ӵؿŻĸˣҺ梣ҪЩү̫̫Ů𣿡
ӴʲôΣ죬̲סֱЦˣǳﴺ|¥ģȥˣȻȥźˡ
أξϻǶˣˣһܣؼңҪȻٴαˣػܽظûܰ˾ȳ
ٺõʬ壬ƴʬˣԼҲһϢһɽϣɽһ
Ȼһе
ôˣ
ξƺʵصˡ
ãȻֻۣɫâۣЩǿǲˣ
ţûгĲǡþͼоѡ
ŮֹһĻֻһţװûളŮӵĹ뷿Ҳװû治Ծս˼֡
Ϊ˱룬Ůɴǰκ˽
Χ˼ĵǣҲ˹ŮǣңҲ˴Ǭ
һЦЩظԭˡ



76¡ ůƶ
ʮʮ, Ϧ
һ죬衺ȻʱƺΪѸ١
ͱĹϵȻͻͽƺ, ˸߲ǰ, ȵ˺޽áѧУĳƻ, ԼĪ＾Ǿͳɻ顣
, ΪԱ, ΪŮ٣ãҲԿŮٻȺӡ
ż۴Ц, δļƻɫҲ
Ҳ󷽷ڼ, żһ䣬˵ͼ๲ͬ, һµ׷󣬲ʱһ, ܺΡ
֪ʲôʱ򣬼ཥصĮ񣬱Ҳƺ߳˹ȥ֣ʼӦΧˣѲмصĵ
ůƶ÷, ѾĶ[1]
衺, 뵽ʲô, ӹźݹȥ, , ǰˡ
źﶼƵֽţֱдһףĻټһӡ£ȥһĽһСУרŸʹߵˡ
ţ򿪺⣬ŷдŰ˸֣彡ĭ
ݣǣϡͷϡ
ź⣬ǻֵף
ҲҵԸӵ
ˣӦʱϯǵĻ񣬼ɢϣŸӳ˼һûһӵëǲӦÿһ㣿
ڼ衻ɼ衱ȡůżӦһ
õܵܰѻǰ棬ƺ̫ãһǳˣѣѵǺճҪŰǰƳӡ
衱Ÿӣ濴ǧգøһʱˣˣ
˵衴ճɣȺ
ѡȺһΪǿмֽ飻ΪȺ˵װ¶ȥȻΪ̫ҽԺԺʾȺҽΪ
֮ǰҲʹ͹ȥ
˶ǰӵԸ񣬼ֱʣ֪ǸҩĽˣ
ˣٷʮͲˡȺ׼ȷ
ڵͦģôڻô׼̫ҽҽֽ١
Ⱥޱ飺ΪÿոһΡ
ÿգҪһΡ
һѣȺÿͿһۣеʱƳ˸ζģһʮƿʱӦ㹻˻ˡ
ȻתʧЦ
ԭֹһ˹š
ȺЩ鰮򾲿ż衣Цˣʱҽҩ͹
һ£ʮ죬ǶѮˡ
Ȼ֣ż㵽ʱҩ͸Ϳɣм䲻ҪᵽңҲҪ֪ˡ
Ⱥͷ
ʲôֲҩõ֣ھϣž˲á
ȺǿģԷһϡ
һ⣬ԣһڸʱע⣬ʢŵϻӣεĸҩֻܷ¡
ԼãȻӵ̧ͷɴ̶ۿǣ
˭ڽ
Ⱥ뼾衶һۣڰ
ʱһѸӣӶʱ˲䣬
ȺԵ㡣
ͳԲˡ
ϦգһһȻٴ
Ÿӵ棬ѵȫˣһ㶼ûʣ£衡ײԡշڸӶȥ䡣
Ҳѵò֮׵øƨɶˡ
鷿ʣдϤ˵ĺ⣬Ҳѵõϲ죬ȴϤĳȻҲдһ⡣
࣬ܿ깤ֿʼ̶ɽģԺȥ϶ֻȥһطҪΧһ䡣
˵ͼᣬдʼƻĸæµϣͼһ࣬ü˼Щ죬۾ζ棬ƺ⡣
衽һ
Աߵۣڿס衣ôˣ
ĿЩ죬ŰڿʲôҸд˺⡣
һûлشǰһ⣬á
˹Ҫߺ⣬ȴû֡
ӣⱾҪһ͵ģ뿴ǻ
һʱῴһۺ⣬ұٵһա
衵Ц⣬ҪңǡX÷
ˣȴûб⡣
Ǳ飬Ǹ¶ǵһҵ顢󵨱ŵдѧϰ̬ĶϾʱ䲻̫࣬ҪץѧϰЩۣźʽʵ
ˣ衻ǽ⽻˰ϡ
޳ָ⣬ֻһ֣ȼӣƺϲ[2]
⣬ѩ֪ʲôʱͣˣ̫ƲͶâء
ڣ˾Ĭӡ
ежнڻۡ
һڻУȥ
һҲûиʲôݣһдӼֻԼֳһٷ
ȻǼ磬Ȼٵġ
衡ࡢ桢أټһӣûˡ
ۿűʽڼϣ͵͵ż˴Ĵָ
һЦݡ
Էʱ򣬼òˣĿ̲סڰһ
ûסֿһ۱档
˿֬Ե촽󣬵ĴɫƺҲѷڱ棬һޡ
ƣݹȥһУ
ؿһֿ衣ȻǶˣҲ߸˽
ֻҪˣҲͶܽܡ
ûüͳĺ⣬һһͳȥָʹҲԴԴͳ
衵ģҲԼż٣˵۾ĲŰĴ߶û¸ߣӡ
ԣԶԶûôˡ
һڸѡǰţپһŮһ¡
ַҪ֪һЩʲôصϢ
ʹڲķչԼãǰ乬ܲ͸磬ƹܻʹĴСºҲģһû
һգ󳯻ᡣ
Ȳϳӭĵһ¾ҳҡ
һˮ浹ҵȻȴ˽ʱʧˡ
衸ñҲܲģҹĻ޲ڳΣֻұˣ˼ȻμܣǻȻȥμҰɣҲȱˡ
ԭֳЩĳ亹乣Ļʵ۲ȵʱλ˵úŪȵۣɱϡҡɱӡ˻Ĺ˸˵Ļʵۡ
ôþûôѪҲЩ˼衵ķṦΰ»һԾ١
ֻǣԵĻ޲
㿴ҿ㣬˳ȥôߵײ˱ϣΪĵһļ壬ǾҪΪ
˵˶ҵĴҲԼŵڸһ£֮ǰҲۣǶڸĸϳѡһ뷨ٳ鼸ʱ䣬յһƣձּ
Ȼꡣ
һƻø棬ŮĸѡҲԿʼ׼ˣȵ³Ůʽ빬μӸѡ
˳齭ָպڲ裬Ъ˲һӣݷˡ
߾Ȼɣɡ
һ㶣λôˣ
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кȻһɲԤУʲôӣ
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үүܼҶʱ˹һӵϣеС
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Ȼڵ㣬ʹڵ㣬ŬŬһţʵҲδزС
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עͣ
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[2]ȼӣƺϲʫ֣硤꡷



77¡ѡ ô
һ³, ٹǾסָ֣汻һȦ־ΧţǽΧס, ˵, һֻȸϷųȥ
լԺͳͳŽ, ŵŷѾ˽ȥֻһڲŸ̽Դ, ϸǱߵĶ, ľսһĻ
ҵ˴޺ţһƬңЩ˿ű̧Ľ鱦޳С˱, ǰֲңСѾ˹ȥ, СĺͯҪĸױ΢곤ЩŮſһСеƺǸղŻ, ͷϵ仹δժȥеһ, ңƺǸմӸߴϱ
һĻԭҹӶϺ棬־忴¶һĨЦҹٴɪɪ, ȺС
۵ֻһ, ־λǰ, ժˡ︮, ˵ϡ
Ұ, ֱͷѪˣǶˡ
Ϊ۸Ϊ֪ͼôϵһߵԶԶġ
һĮʹ˽죬ǺڵҲǶ˿Ǻûһӡ
Ǳ淴ӦʱǱǿĸϽƣǱλҹռ˱ףҪַ׷ҵĹϵУҲʹ಻ѡ
ҲʲôˣԲҼٺ»һƲߣŮļױȫټԭլҲ¾סźҲšǰûж޵ĵˣټϵ͵ˣھҲġ
ûȵһȺåƦҲ磬ھȥˡڶǱӣլӣһ˰ᵽׯúЪţŽĳһѰĻᣬԺػؾ
ҵ¼ܿ챻ȥҵĴͷ˹⣬Сͷֱӱָ˼ͱԼ𳭼ҵ־ǡ
Ҳϼ࣬ǸðؤģӺͱΣǿɳ͢ٲд̣ºһš
ؤģ˺ͱѾãҪû£׬Ǯôڶû취Ȣϱ
Ӷ㻹ãүҪ̫ܳԣˣСӣǸ㶼ˣ㵱ʱ͸Ѱٻ˵ҪɱûõĶ
ΪԼȥȾƲǮˣǸͲҽ㣡ҽǸӣҸ˼ҵ檶ˣôܳΪŮ٣
ʱ۽Ŵ򿪣һ˽λҹӡ
ؤ˺ͱԼ֣ͬͣսȭͬ㣡
ʱϷʱҹӿ˵ˣԲµġ
Ҳˡ
ҹӣ
ҹӻæסԼϴˡ
ޣҪţؤ˺ͱԹ޴йɴ೯ҹȥһȭ˹ȥ
Աķ˽ζһĻʱʱпƽкá
ԭŮٻ΢ʡЩĳǶʱ缦ҹӱȥνʾڵĵգҶȱӵˣӵܶйȥѣŮǳ͢٣˭Ұܳ͢٣ʲôӢ¼ǶԱ²ͻ塣
عʱԭżƵİʧøɸɾŮ˸ϢԺȻû˸Сƴˡ
Ц֮ΣһҶࡣ
գ࣬ǰ̫ȶڹйµǻӦµԭҲȥưá
ѸٸϣΪڶŮʽ⣬˵ڵĹȡͬڳΪٵĻᣬ뿪ؼҾס
µ³ЩŮҪ𣿣һһ滹ǻҪ˸
޵ĳ齭ֵˮ˵¶ôȰ棬ЩŮ˶ôע󻹲ǽ޲ȥ
齭ֵǰһѹûע⵽Ļֻ㣬ô˷ַ⣬񲿣ְֵֹɣ
ԭҲע񷨣ʣ衱һΪӰ۵飬ʱ̫ܵĴ̼ټϳﱸۺһ´ݲڱ˵һȺŮˣʲôħ治ɫܣֻҪϢҹֻӭ
ǮҲһĪ⣬벻ҪôҪġ
Ѿʼ˼ˣԼŮ޳ȥˣҪһŮӭ⣬Ǯ䡣
̲ššüǿȷʵҲй³ҲãǾסڶȷʵʣǻؼҲǶ䣬ǻʶƵ
Դ̬Ⱦ͸ֱˣץһдյı˺޽ʮҪ¶æµͣһ쵽ͶЩ飬ǲеĻţ
һί۵ʱô˵仰
ı̫ԣԴᳰΪ۶ǻؼдȴӦŵֵʱ򡣡
ɫͨ죬ˡ
ôܳΪǰ̫ӵ檣ǱҲԼļ壬µȥȻҲվǱӻһ
ӼļҲվǣֽݲɳӣֶΣǷѣΪǸôЩŮˣҲڳϡ
ǼŮӦûؼҴӵ˳˹¼ҹˣϳæԼĹн׹ԱѰҽĻᣬӼļǣһʱ֮䣬ǸоֻԼע飬ϴ˶ѡ˳Ĭӡ
յϢļһЦ˸ʱڸַּȥ
ּ⣬ֱࡢǮˡԴʤͰСУԴΪ׸
ڸԱһֻ׸Ρ
ʥּ羪ףըˡ
УǮǸݵȹ౾ҲǱε̲Դǹ飬ڸ˺ӣҲǴȨա
ʤͲһ˰ʤŶʮˣ͸ˣʮͣܶ볯õͶ󣬿ڸˣ
˵ڸϲֱۣ˭֪λãȨĵط
Ҳ̫עˣôϳѡ֮գҲԼԴƷƣ΢ЩһЩ⣬мֲ⣬ôҪʤͰأ
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ԴٱҪû㹻ĹҿɲˡһΪԼˣݻҪЩһ
ˣԴŷ¾Ʊ̾ε֣ǲС
ϲ󣬳˰סڻʹû취ͽȥ༸ҵżЩ̤ơ
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ֵҲ׷ǰעЩǰ߹ҡͷ̾ϰҲ̫Ͻˣˣܷ󲻳ɣӦֱӰǵֻȥ
Լ֪һľ֣ϰ廨̫˼öĳҪһľǧ֪ȻԼҲץģĻʺ󵽵׻˭أ
³ˣһµѺעʱڵڣμѡŮӽֵʻ־ڲ߻ͣԱ߹ۿ֣ʹĴųǳ
ʹǰй࣬һ·֣Ůȣʹ
˴βμѡŮʮΪһ£ڴڼǱסڻʹʳסжɻʹ𣬵ȵǽܿ˸ѡǵδҲҪء
ڵڴʹߴУһѡĻ
ֹǳԴޱȹעڴʹ˵»ãҲޱģ̫๬ŮָӵתŮͳһĴ㹬סլֺ͹ŮźӣϽԱ󹬣֤ǵİȫ
һϡòŷӳǰͲⳡѡƽСϽмκ۶ӶҪУʱһͰǶȥŮǰɣ
Ц
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룬ѵ翴˰ȷʵ湫ӣҲһĺֺݣôǹµ
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ǵЦݳʧˡ
Ȼ˻һԸ
衻û͵͵һ䣬Ҹʺ𣿡
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ռˡ
ңΨΪ衵ˣǻˡ
һʱĿࡣ
ãŸпһǿ
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͸ĴȻһУ԰ٶȲĳӲѹĻű˼衸ּ⣬òż衽ͣΪһĹ޿á
衹ˣˣģҲˣȥŮô
һ·ߵ˴㹬ŷе涷޵ǡ
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Ǳġһ·ѡߵŮӡ
صҲЩźǵĲŻͱ´󶼲ףǵļǵòǰװ˷һݲ顣
زǹǵݣҪ˵
ټڲ࣬ɤӣλҪҪæѡһ֡أشҲţ²ɫעزŻƷ£ҪŮӱҽӱ֡
һգ˵ǫڶգŮ㻻˷װױݸȻͷλֻʣûܷӦŮһˣɫɷףժͷϵĽҡйŮͻط䡣
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ڳŮĪӦǡ
Ůڣ㣬ѡҲģ
ԱߵŮҡҡͷҲ֪ر޸ݡҲϾΪһλǵԷΪʺҪܴźá
ͬͷŮ˶ѧ˱ܼңȻһЩǵҲɡ
վڽĹŮעȺŮ˵ٮٮ߼
գؽȥֹάڰգʣµ˷ȥʹ伮óʷŮѸҵԼλãʮһա
ŮǵԽԽ򵥣ȹĹװϵִָʱִ˱ʡ̡
ȺŮദʮգһ
½˺ӣЩҲٲʳסУص˲ᶼĺ㣬мҪ˲϶ԽӣҲҪ˷ַǹһĨЦ⣬ԸĹұɡ
мôʱ䣬ʵ۴ûһֱǵʹҲΪЩб׵ȻҲԼӦ˹
ԸεģȻиһ׳־
󹬲Ҫǣǰأ
ϣվҵǵһء
ݺ׳־߳ʹһʱԺ
ΪŮ֮׵Ů˷ԼʼصʣæµСʱ洫
Ůüţ͵ôš
˵һĻȻסӴЩţô
Դ˲һãȻŴӵŮͷŮ⻰ʰɣô



78¡ Ůַ
Ե֪Ī仰, ʵҲá
ΪԴ˵ĵŮŮôԸʮ꣬׸жôŰô֪ͨ, ֪
ڼҵʱ, Ϊи, Դ˵ŮҪׯ浾оز㰴ҪȥֻƼļҴ󵨵ĹΡȺִֵʱ, ᲻Ծ˻, ЩȥʱǸԼŮ
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ʱ, 統û뵽Ҳĳһ, Ϊ׿ǸҡһԱ
ȻҲǹȥʮĿ˳ʹԺÿһĻȻĶ
ǣû뵽ôֻĸ, ֳ£
Ӱʮ, ʢŸָ˲;, ԭֻŮ, Ҳʶ, ͬʱҲ˵˵ЦЦո֡
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ΧһƬţԴϸһӣֻһȺŮŹװ綼ҴɨһջĿ⣬Ҷ࿴̲ס̫
ţڶ߰Ҳʱ̫ķλ⡣
Դ˳һֻۣעšԷҲûߴطϼ˵λá
û취ԴԼһѣ۵죬ϻҪǿʹװһµģ
ôΪʲôôŮ
Դкܶ໰˵ֻ̫ܸ࣬ʹɫ
米һϸϸܵ亹յΧСùػе侲ƴЩǵ飬ѧ¶һ򶨵΢ЦŮ£ȳȥһ̣ұ顣
ŮͼԴ˷ɲ٣ּŮŮԸһ¶һĨЦݣȵ罫齻ϣһߵ⡣
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Ůҵȥˣ
ԴһӻҪ˵ǻʹԸڵŮҲ׽ѵ
Ѹٽ͵ôǱ˵ϲ磬ƣΪ˷ϱµ⣬ͷϵĲҡϵȫժˡͲŻ˸ȥұ֤һ
Դ˳ǻɣֻȻŶϲˣϡŮҲ˴硣
ûˡ
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ҿ㶼ôãǼֵɣԴ˺ɫȰ裬Ѹٶס绹δ˵ڵĻʵӴҲĸƼˣǻΪԼֶһӡģĸȥ˵úڻʹ֣ǼҶΪ
ҲСС̾һ·˼Դ˵Ļ̧ͷ΢Цġ
ԴһʵôôŮۼ
ѹĸ㣬ǿŮŽЩŮŮ࣬ҪŮǰգһ˱һ棬ͱ˵˼仰»һ䡣
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˵뷨ԯޣȴҲִһŮгľ
˵ĻԴҪ£»صˡԷʼˣǰɣǰһȺ˶ŮôоôŹ֡
Դһ߶һ߻ڶ룬һŮܲˣԴˣ㵽ûģ
λŮȻӴ磬ָϵͿźָףָ״ǰҳϣԴˣ㻹ǻĹԱôû㶮ʽҪô۾۾ɣô׺ͳ׻һλ̰˻Ǹûϸ˱
Ůòһ㾪ţ˱ԽԽ޲ðλԴ˸ˣô͵ˣôⶼѧᣡ
Դˣ
ôѰ˼ţ仰Сʱѵء
ԴһĨûҲûƽϣϾȷʵˣǰĹŮ˼ҵ컯ں档
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ڶգԴ˵Ȳ裬һ˻˾еϷ硣
գǿʼ̸¡
գ˵ĲԽԽԡ
ڡԴڷӦûʲôǴӵ鶼˴ˡ
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ҲδһûСһ룬Ͼλּ⻹ûأҪδѡҲȫû
Դˣ
ʣˣ
Ҫ˵͸ӿֲء
һ뵽λ֮еĳһλΪǾͷƤ飬оҪǡ
λ϶ԱҪѡʾԣΪӾͲý󹬡
͡ڻкڵĻ



79¡Ӱ òԵ
֪͸һʼƴԵ, ɿڣ˾Ͳýѡ㣬ֵǽ˲, ֻܴš
˵Щʲôãһж, һʼ˵ֻҪͬѡ, ǽҲʲô
Щһһԭںúŷ, ֲɱŭ廥ָж, ·ҪЩӵĲ˳ȫۻ﷢й
곤ŭһˣ
ԭִȻֹ곤Ƴǣ, ֮ǲǱΪʺ, ҳһЩѹǵλݣҪռ̫ߵλáʺһ֮ĸ, õ˻ʺλãǽǼҵĹ˺, ӵĵĸҲֻǻʺҲ񷨡
Цһôĸֻոɣµǻز
곤ۿڱ󼸸֡곤˳ƽҲ̣мһѻ, ⳡսȼոһЩ
˵, 곤˶ź, ϧȵ۵ĺʵ̫, λ΢ȫʵ۵ɫ, һԾѣλʺȳֱ͵Ĺ޷ӳϽĻʵۣˣϢɼĴ̫ʹֶΡ
ЩڰＯᣬգСŸȥȥʹҲûֹҹȺǡ
Ѳߵһֻ۱һֻۣԴӱȡԺҲϲҹй䣬δ̫Щ
ŮյһͣѣˣѾˡ
ҡҡͷ̾̾ˣҹ㲻˯ˣϷʵ˯š
ʤݵ˴һ֣ѳȥذ칫Ļ˾һѻӶһŪô죿ҪǣӰ̫࣬ҪºĴá
ΧԼ뷨дһȺŸϸڣ˿еķӦֱһȺ˲Žɢ
Լ뷨һϣ̽쳯ϵϸڣҲȥѰˣһһԼȥĻ飬ϵݣҹȥǮˣϸڡ
ҹעߡ
յĳȷʵԱǰϳĴǴ۾Щ죬صԿ۽Ե࣬е˾ӣƿŰ·ڿʲô
̹Ȼ˻ɻɱ˴ֻ׵ľü򶨡
˵˰д֣Ҳ˵˰ʲôûУִ˰˰ͦأһгģ
ӭ̫ĹâŹ̫󺰵࣡
һ仰·ʲôأ񲿵пʼǰߣһǰŬٸ˰壬Ҫ࣬ţΧͬţͼַʽʹԼ¶
ҳһţʮͬʱֲ࣬ʲôһȺɳӵΧŵãһ飬ûϵǻô
һһȷʵ񻰣
еӣ˵ԼǵһӦԼһڣһ£лҪ˵
ȷɣɣһż衣ᡣ
ӭű˺޲ôüɣЩûᣬ޲ÿһӣҪǽֲãһӡ
żѾԺｫʾ˺ü飬ǰһһ£ó
ӳѾʼ仯ЩȤ
̹˵ֻ˵ҪʲôЧϾסҲָȥʲô׳ɣɷӡ
ȻӵĽ
ɣıҲǰˮǻ̫һߣˮãӷתҳʲô䶯үԴʾˡ
ѹɣһϵ漰ģ˵һרҵѸٵٲκ˲廰ĻᣬڸۣΪ棬Ϊףʵ򡪡
һС죬ƴŵڳ
һᴫݣ滹˺Žǵ
üһܸоʲô̫õ鷢ˡƣʲô飿
ɣһ̣ҧ˵Ļ²عǣΪףʵ󼪡
˵䣬СѾڵͣƴ嵽˵ڣͨһ££ӰؼӰʮգ̰ӽҪû˰ӰΣڵϦΧҲ֯ʱ̣ӰȺڣ¾ȾȰգ
˵գٴߵףĶͷϺһ£˪Ҳ㣬һ·ҲΪ࣬ûôϢ
ԭСִȻʧֻվɣɱ亹乣޲ʱ䵹תǰһ̣סԼĲӣԼ˵仰
һӰˣΧļҲ군ˣʲô󼪣
ҲҪ군ˣ
衰֣ʾȻȥ̫λС衿ʼϸѯеϸڣۡ
վĴ󳼵һ䣬Ϊףʵ󼪣
һӣ׷䣬ֻҧǲű£ԱµĲܣҳ
衿ۣĬá
ӰӰӵسȡһ֣Ϊּ˵ذ̵ļ䣬Ҳϣ
ֻǵԸעҪˡ
ϱīЩִ٣ּҲʲݣݺҪϸҲӰˮʮգڵվͳ˾ߣǣڵ̰ӴӣѾ̰Сûڵ͹ȵ˲òǨɽϣˮпԼļҺͿѵرĺˮû
ڣ̫үڵڰӰأæʱģϴοƾٵһŵӸдһۣһ·ˣڽż͵˾ͬʱȫسǵ˶װɳ̰ӣʱݸأѾûֻۣų͢ǰ֧Ԯ
ʵС˵Ҳᵽһ֣ҲǺӰΪ㣬Ȼϯвˮӣ֮Ұ
·ݣ£Ǿֻ˵һη˱仯һǰˡ
衲λеĩô£ǿʳͣͣ͹ȥ˰£ˮֱӰΧˣĩֱȳˣûµļ́ЩȥݣǸķͽˮУϣܹѹˮ
ȻԶܲܺˮȲۣĩ۽ʣЩӶİոѹˡ
˼Ժת룬֮ɽƽѾı࣬ҪΪ֮ȫ
ֻЩѾõİţòҪƳˡ
衲źֻǸ˵񲻵òţʼ£λԸǰӰָӣ˵һΧص֡
Զ̣κ·ػأһָȥҪʱ̫ãô˳Ҳסˮʵʱ仯
£Ըվ˳ɤɫҲһҹû˯
񣬳Ⱥûע⵽żһЦɫ£Ϊڸ󳼣ǳеѡ¾ӹУӰ¿ΧҲǳı֡
ӭż衵۹⣬ֻЦпκγأԿֻ
ĹңЩ
ҵˡ
㲻ȥ



80¡ż Ϣж
衲ȻС˵ľ, λǣС˵һ㶼ֻһλ, ԰ôˣЩôˣ
᲻ᡭֻһֻ, ˶ȥ, ǻˣ
ĳЩڲųǣ־ƺҲпܡ
˼һ, 衵ָʶŵ, 裬ҵ, Ҫƽ
ҲӦŵԼãȻ, »ԼҾ
̶ɽǻδȥ
ĳ۹۱Ǳǹ, һʼ𾪵˵û뵽Ȼ, пԱµ⡣
ܿɫĹԱѹ˲еۣ񲻾͸¶ָӣϲΪͷͱ֮Ķ¡ɫ˵ҲţʱΪ¡
ҹǰ, ˵ĸҪ, Ҳͣ
С±ǰ, , һһѯǱߵĺӵϢ, ӵ̰Щ޽ʷӰ˿ʣĹĿȵȡ
ʶ֮ʿһ飬Դ㷢һΪڸ׸ͣܿһķͬٴ롣
ҲʱдʥּٸһȫҲǱߴ
ʱ䣬糯ʱ̱յϢѸʰһһӣ׼˼򵥵ҩ
衺ͰڹϣЩ
á
衼Щ˸ɱɱع˼̫࣬һ㴦ú
ҲӦ¡
һƬҶƮ£䵽˰ļϣժ£ǵøдš
Ȼס衣дǵЦ⣬Ҷסˣһÿվ͸дһţǵúúóԷҲ֪վô£һˣһ顣
ȣĳЩѧ˺ü顣
ǰɣûҲرס
ٱ֮ʣû˵κεĲĻֻڴһμʱϣһޣɡ
챼ӰصĶɰ죬Ҫһ֧ӰǱͳͳΣȶ֣ǱԼȥա
ڶ֧ҲڳУ衽ѡѡһ֧Ҫǹ̽˾Ӷ࣬Ǻӵʱǵ̰ӵĹܿأҪġ
ӰȻٽ֣ӰҲˮط֣ǲ󻧣ҸضͺӰ벻Զش̰ӷ٣Ĵׯ٣غһƽһ߱ƣʮؾͳûκڱΣֻɺˮ|Ű
ȻԽǰλʵʵ㲻ӢǮȻ࣬Ҳر٣ϾûطˮǮȫصĿغعԼ취ʲô취ټˮҪ̫࣬Ҳ
飬Ҫѡ㹻ĵѡ濴һֵȴѾˣԴΪڸ׸뼾衽һСۣ£ЩǽΪҪġ
衱ѵһЩȷŷţȰѺӰǱߵˡ
Դ¶һĨЦݣǰһۣǹԸ飬ǶϣܹǰӰǱȶƣиԵҲεĺŰѺӰܱߵĵҲһĵطҲԷ¿Խء
ţԴóۣҺͼλĴªؼʱ̻ˣ
ģ㣬Ůϴǡ˺ӵʣǱ߻嵥ɴӹһҲʱһЩвŮҲԸȥǱߡ
Щǡ
ܣ˵Ŭ
ǴԸ飬һǵ֣ӡ¾ϣʵǹǱߵ˭ָӣ
Դɫһɫ£ΪŮ
ԸĵһŵһУǡþݵ֡
üҪȥ˺ӣǰ˲ǴӲϣðգ
Դѵò˺ǱѾȹѵһ̣Իˣһ滹о飬СʱҲȥ޹ˮ־׵ܲһ
˵꣬ˬһЦд˸ɷġ׼
ݵ֣һʼͱȦãصķš
ӰشϢĵ죬ڶ̶֧峿뿪˾
죬ŸƳʳҲӰأڴ֮ǰܱߵʳ޽ʱסصϢѾӰΧĿأĴׯҲ֪ͨʱ뿪԰ȥطһ
죬ͱָأֱǰӰغӵΣȥͨε̰ӣȥлصƣңǻЯһը|Ԥŵʱн
գȺ̫ҽԺˣ̫ҽԺһЩҩѾű׼ã򵥵ҩҲֱƣһᳵӼǰʱס
ˮ飬Ҫ͸
ҲΪڣϣҲڣδҲڡ
ͷը죬֪ǲ˺ӰغԵӰ죬Ǿ˲ٵˮ齼ճɵĹԱۣ˵ǴܵӰ졣
ʤޱдһϵעһŨѹ⣬Ȼȥһۣ˸ա
ʤתͷȥֻǵ۶Ų˸λãŲָԶλá
ȥЪϢɣʣµѵΣûˣôȥҲס
ʤĬƬ̣˯š
źӰصһУֻյµϢǿѹ½ǣһⲻ̫õϢӰصˮλǣ˯ˡ
ʵڲУֻ֮ܰǰļƻӰظƽϵ͵μضΪйѺˮкͷݡ侲һμӦòȥըɽһҲͨ˷й顣
ʤץץͷԭͷɿʼѴѵۼŷֿʼƶüɬμнӽʮ˿ڣΧʮׯЩҪ
衵Ȱ˱סһж˵պؽҲǿԵġ
һʱĬʤԭҲԼΪֻĴʱÿһޱȼѣΪȥĹ˷ܣֻΪ˵Ŀܡ
ÿһٴ룬Ӱ쵽˵
οˣ衵ôڣүܸվһΡ
Ǽ衵һʱáǡǡǡ
ʤ˵һУȥϢ
ȵʤ뿪ˣ衴򿪰Ĺżٴηһ顣
żһΣΪйɣӳ䵱˼ʹһأ˵Ļڹ£վ䴫ݡ
Ļ࣬Ҳǰ˵һĿļϧͲ
żﻹ꺣Ļ꣬СĽպãԼʱĵĻ
ǰżѲʱһᲱϧ󲿷֦Ҷˮձˮţ·Ҳˡ˵ʱ乬衵Ĺһ֪ôˣĩβѼ£Щ
յżĵգѲǵ乬ûɴջ乬һȦһԵĽҵһãȥͰˮǰһһľսû취ֻܰͰóȥȥ֡
ǰżǰԼƥҲȥ˶ƽžȥһͷ¿ϧͷ¿̫鶼鲻źܲǰ¿һܹȥѺܲˣԸˡ׳ͷ¿Ĵ峤ΪΣ˵һ¿գ¿ͷŴ峤¿ǲôĥߴˣǿ
һ߿һЦĽ׼ƥĹºúιȰȥһȦ
հԼټһŻ衴˴ŸӴżӴɽȴ֮࣬ʣµһ۶ᵽԼǰ޸ġ
ֱ˵ƣ衰˰΢ӲĲӣע⵽ɫ
ҹ٣Ļɺɫӻûл
ճʱѾˡ
ڿ棬ɲǼˣСİοţ£ЪЪţЩձ㵽ˡ
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ӰǱߵһһͣվײٶѸͣһ·񱼣͹Ҳǡհ롣ӰôشϢվϵŶΪҲżˡ
ڶգӰصҲͣˡ
ʤɫѿѹһһ̫ѨվǱ˵ûյϢӦò·϶ˡ
Ϣжˡ

޷磬еӦԶδ֪
ʤֿʼ֮ǰۣһ㿰ϢѰԼ©˵ĹؼȻɳǱߴȴµϢ˸Ⱪꡣ
ɷ˸ָ˼ƻϿκεı飬ҲƲǷѹ˻ֻӦԵʱСһЩΨһ仰ԣʹŭ˵
ֻڵæµ֮󣬼衿ǿգһȷϸûзɻ𣿡
㶣ͷ
衵һ׼ЩҪȥ׸
Ҳȥһ׼ҵȡ
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ˣΪǰд꣬߹Լ



81¡ Աĳ
Դָŵͼ, Ȧѡõļص㣬Һͼλϳãȡǵ̰ӷˮֺˮءηˮĲ, ĵصѡֺ, ǷչûôҪĵط, ʵڲҲֻܷ֮⣬ںӰظӵ, ˮ·ͨ, ΧĵѹҲܴǸˮλҲһ·ǣ˽Ϣ
衿ŵͼȦļ, ӰرһƽԭһԽҪ, ڼ
Դ̾Щ, ̰Ӷûôӹ̣ȫԼж, ̰ӵβιҲ˵ǰЩҲһЩСͺԣֻΣЩسǾԼһֺˮЩҲûֺͨͽĽˮ, γ˸ĺˮ
ԴԽԽͷʹ, ֻĶ, ûһϢ
Ȱͣһͣ, Ӱܱȫ, ʮҲޱȾ֧֡һֻۣ嵥ĿԽԽ࣬ʧҲԽԽ󣬶̲ס룬ǲҪ֮ǰȰѹɾ
ôҲšǧɢǣһǮȥҲرֻۣϣܿЧѺˮͿһ鷶ΧҪԽشˮǲ顣
ĵͼָֺ̧ͷԴֺǲأ
ԴǾĵ˾ʱ򡣡
ͬʱˣǲþƷչʱ򡣡
ǰˣ˵̰ӣֺǱҲҪʱɣһƬİȫԺɹٸ潫ǰ
һԵ˫ۻǣ૵ٸĻ᣿
ҲǻɣϾǰٸʱ˰֮ʣʱ򣬴үڳԼӣЩʲôϵء
Ȼᣬκ⣬˵º˵ȵһؾ֮գʲôҪ󶼿ԡ
ʵ仰û˵ǰҲˣҲ֪ǰ漸λʵ۸ʲôӰԱδعʹ෴ͱһ˲Ŀŷ²δǡ
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ԼЩǺסһ̧ͷϷʵĿ⡣
Ҵӹ⣬ٳŸһգЩ˾ͿԲú÷ֺӰߵΣձԴ󻺽⡣
̾⻳ɣֻҪһգ
ЩӣҹأѾʮ죬ѾüҹûбϢˮǰӿʱܽӰûʮǰҲ˵صһʱһϣܽˮסʱӰصĺˮὥȥ
Ȼն
Ȱˣһ̱ϡ
ݴӺӵͼϳ񣬡Ҳ֪һչһʼһգ;ʲô⣬мĸݳһ˵Щ°պˣ
ֵڴˣ˵Ǿǣ˵¾£ǲٺãҲÿү
ڲᶨһ㣬ھҪȴˣ˰üģ֣ʾԱߵĸӹ
Ӵӵ̧ͷǰһһֲϺ̶̫м־衣
ǣü衲õеĵġ
ȻʧЦһؾˣвУ
̧ͷ˵
̸̽У̵ģ
ӻ
̣ٶˡ
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ʱ̻ƺʲô۵飬ŶˣȥôؼŹ
ѵ÷һѣһһ뻥ཻмֺЦǰûַǸһá
һ仰ͼһƴܽˣˣֿʼ±ˣˮʼˣĿԽԽˣ
ϵЦݶʱʧֶһ£ûõͲ䣬˵ϡ
ϴĿ߾ֻʣ²ߵľ룬ǣҪˡ
ݻȻźӵĵͼͳ˳ȥҪȥֳӹһµ̰ӡ
һʱ䣬ǵĲ־Ҫˣʱ仹ü
Ͳٴΰã󽻴һ䡰עⰲȫҲݴæȥ
̰ϣ֮ɫţŮͳͳɳǰݣ̰ӲݸߣѲߵļǲϼ¼ӵݣɫԽԽš
ѾʼѲ飬ϼ̰ӵι棬е죬żԼбɳڷŵʵλãѲ˽Ϣѻ˴ֲѴŶңɡţªĴ磬ֻΪ߷¡
һ۵̰Ӵľߣˮǵֻ̰ʣߵľ룬ű꣬ˮλڲǡ
Ӱص˺СˣʣǼֺ˻ûɾٳһţƵʱˡ
ΪֺϪ磬ŮǱŰĨǰߣż̲סͷһԼļңһᡣ
ֻˮһӣѾûǵԭķҲû壬ԼƼݶٹһ죬Ҫ׷ֺ飬ˮкǵļҪָ֪Ҫȵˡ
ˣ߰ɣˮվԼλάżһߵĸ棬ɤѾ˻ƣս˵ݣʱҪˡ
һ֣Ӱصѹʹһ֣ζ㱬ƵҲΣһ֡
ãˡĻӣջĿ⣬˳ָǰߡ
ЩΪǵĳæµݣӵìܵưţѾ㹻Ρ
ǰػڵһʱͱŴǰᶫ߰˾ȳҲûϢʱ
ʱæµʱһͳһٷЪ˰ʱΪεѡŮ٣ȻһʼǱͷϣԼϴΪв֧˴һ֮ȫͶ˽ȥ
˷ǲľ˼Ҿ磬û취Ϊ֮ݡ
ŻѼָӣʮʱ翴źˮСȴľǵظߣʱԼĪʱ̣Էһλ˳Ŷǰߣйһ
ڳˡ
ʱһ˴˹˱ӦסԭվȴӰ
ԴˣԴˣæվȣԴģ
ãؼ䣬ֻĻȱӦˡ
һ˲ʱ˳˫ˮСԣСԣأ㻹˵½ˣҪҼͣҸ㿾㳢ũҵζ
ǰߵ֣׷׻ͷҪ׬ֱס
۾ɬѾüʧĳ棬ΪԼ׼ٿʱɻѹ
߰ɣǿӲȰ͵ȫĵطˣ
ܱһһ
ңȥأ
ʱĩҪйˣˮԽԽࡣ
Ѻ͵ʵѺ˹ԴһִϪĳ㣬ͼ˵ǳƲҵ˻ʱҵȷ֮λҲ˰˵طλԺ󲻱صǡ
ϪжʮԶɽϣΧѾüªӣٲ̳˼򵥵Ĵ̣ȻȷʵΪ⣬ҲһƬ֮ء
峤ǿڱʹҵȲǲ£ֻǴ˴βòԶ磬ټȥԴҲ
峤˵˵ţ˵ȥˡ
ԴϵЦݶʱһ٣˰ΣҵԼ˵˭
峤ֻΪ֪λŮٵ䣬ǿԴˣ磡Ǹùٰ
ԴһԽ󲽿㣬ɽĸ̨Ͽɽ£ͼҳϤӰ󺰵磡磡
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Դ˻ǰ˴һܣԴ˷ŮٲΪͼ绹ǾǿһʼԹŭҲҪ˷ʵĹһƣĲá
Ϫİռȫĺüˡ
ǿˡ
峤ΡΡ߹ŷǰλԴݺŮƺмƣʵλԴ˿ʶΪѹ
ҵŮԴ˵һĨŷԼ档
Զƺ˺ǰʲôڲϴݡۣȴһֻѩ־޴ĸó
Сףһֻһۣתͷһ㲻ֻǵһ˴ߣˮгһʱ˹ȥȻ󱻹ϣûˮ׳ߡ
ǰĸӣҲˣôڻʹһ࣬͸Ҳ˺ü棬ֵڼ䡣
Ӽˣһ˺üȻ
͸Ӵ۵Сۣȫû˵ʲô
ӵãйһĳתͷԶȥûɶԶֻعͷһƣ·ȷǲǻ
̾Ҳûȥ
ܣȫǺˮϣҲ᧿ΣˮҲĽˡһˮˮһ㣬ѾԼһڲȥ˸ʵλã۲Χƣͼҵһõŵ㡣
ȷ⣿Զһ˵
Ӳ˺üƺΪ˵Ļɲˡ
һҶС۵ҲƼȻǱ
Ǳ˰֣¾ͳŴˣȻ˸ʵĵطͣСۣѸ˹Թұȥ
֣һֱľŷһĨЦô
ǱϱСϣһԵĸһʻʱͦأ⽾ǽ綺Цˡ
㣬ģˮԺüˣСʱûںӱˮһҲΣգǱЦ˼䣬˵õĹҪʼգΪæôãصİնĹͣܲšƣǱպˡ

*
лҪ˵

ٵԭ



82¡ը ෽Ŭ
Ϣͣ, Ѿը
Ƕںˮ֪ǰλʵʱƽͰٲСˮҲŰһ, ʮ漱, Ҳѵһ, ʷϷƵ飬ҲǡҰʮҾſա
ʵۺͳǵĴֶҲ, һʼһ, Ȳ˾ɵ˭ʵΪ, Ϊʵ۲콵ֻϴγ飬ة൹˴ù, ʵۺͳ˹
һʼҶ¶ٻмֹ۵, Ͼȥ˵Ҳ٣Щ˶ȥ, ǮҲٿѣɱȹȥĻöˡ
κǲ˳˵漱ͨԽԽ࣬תƵİԽԽ࣬üĵˮֹ, ۼԽԽ, ˶ڰһҲԽԽá
һʼǻֻǺʾ˵ҪҪ, ָЩѾ֪ٺЩ˵Ĺ, ˭ǹȥˮûܳɹأ, ǵѾʵ˼衵ϡ
ǮֻԼѪùԴҲܲˣ㿪ˣϾᵽҲŮ˸æµֻţͱȶס
˻
Ǯ˲һ񣬾һ˺΢̧ͷͼǰĵ˹˺ǰۣһӣЦеƨͨ
ǮһݣȴЦǣЩ˲ǺҲȥˮȻ޻˵ˡ
ͣ䵭ָǻֳӣˣʱ͵Ĺʹ޿ʦ̫Ĺ꾲ġ
ǮǾһͬᣬ~˾Ȼбµس෴ʱ򻹶԰ֿ䣬˵񲻹һʱѣ˱µ
ǰǮ˻ѯ֪Ϻڣ
ЩΪѣ̴ЩӶź£˷磬ЩˣЪϢ
Ǯ۾Ȼһﲻ֪ЩʲôޱºͣϴģҲҪ˵ʲôΥ֮ֻҪϣúź¾ͺãһжҪ룬ץסʱջᣬҪ˵ﲻãٲãҲȥˮġţؼľǸҪ󡣡
ǮҲ˵̫࣬ôػΣǮҲôȥôһ仰ﲻãοǮԼ˵
ƤԼķ˸УҪң͵ô
Ŭһѣȡðϵģʱ֣Ȼûʲôˡ
衻ӣֻĳдһ׵Ľ飬ѵ̰ĳһθըˣѺˮĹǱȥԽⳡԲɱ⣬ɴĹһ군ͬھ
ʤں˰˸֣һЦɵ桿
衣
ЩѾ쿪ӣѾʶ࣬û뵽һӺϣһӾü衼ʶʲô
һۿȥûסطһ£鿴˵Ͱ˸͵Ĺȥ
ٰ£ĹٴҲȥĹյȥ֡
һߣֽ˸ȥȡһֻŸ룬Լдš
Щ죬ȻϵˣʼûͨŵƵԽԽߣһһűʱһţŸһֻһֻ
룬ıסˣܵý֪ûз
ֹǼţ衻˲ٲɳشȥܱ߲鿴֪ܱͨ߿ȫˣһԱȫΪȵȣҲûͣӦһһӰǱ߹Ӧ
ʸã衽żСͲֽСͲŸϣŸߵߣ׼ŷŸ롣
Ÿ밲ɼ衶衲ĥţĸôôãֻӾͰɼˣţпС׹ѧһѧ
˼ǡãһֻӻʣŴ߸͵סƣӵɴ̶ۣһż衣һŤͷ衱ŵŸ룬̲סըë
ɿڸŸ˳ë֣ʶֲҽ͡
ŸƲѸߣò׷ɻĸɼȡͲżȻͶ㿪˼衵֣Ъϣ߲ѡ
һ£ߺϣʱʱŤͷһۣ衹һʱͲˣƺţڿԼĥĥŲȥһֻ׽ס
ĳ򣬸ˣȻƭ
衱Ÿӣ˳ëֶˮʳһ·ˡ
Ķʧûסڼ衵Ĳһ¡
һûһŸӵ˼ת˰дżϣһ˳ôգһεйӦѾʼˡ
ʱһμըҩŵأһȷǷʲô©
վڵϣεĺˮӿȣһһŵ̰ӣǵͰĴׯׯȫ˳
ܿ죬Ҫûˡ
ǰããأǻʵۿѹֵ֧֣ǵĿ⣬аյϣ
һΪһ㱬Ƶ˵ܵѹġȻȦйǾҪڵ̰Ͽӣԭĺˮ˳йĵطѹȻըΪҪϾ죬ըѶֱĵ̰Ӷûʵڲ˵ҪǿСйЧҪǿֱ̫ӱ壬ֻйѹ
ϣըҩ󡣡
ȫλ
ָʾ̻׼ϡ
Щ̻ǼӹҩĸƷʱرڶ̾Ϣݡ
˵ˣֶűɽϳ룬ʮ˸׼˻ѣʯָʾ̻Ĭվڵ𴦡
վֱӣ̲סЩˮ£ĬŸ㱨ֱױʱ䵽ˣ̤һ
𣡡
ȥٽըҩãǱͼڹæµ꣬ò׻ܳĳɹķ֮һ߻𻨵ĵȼ£¡һ죬̰ϳһԵĿӣˮ˳ſӴĴׯڶȥ
һϣ̻ȼڶ̻֮ٶڿ֣ǵĴ
ˮǵϯ˸ߴļɽ꣬ũѾɡ
Ŭ¼Ҳľƽѧɿ㣬ݴ˺ȼ̻ɫ̲סеѿ㱨ӰǱߵĺˮֻһףϣˮֻߡ
ߵ̰ӱĺˮǽףٹһʱߵĺˮٽףںӰǱ˵ҲδȫãϾϻ꣬ˮڲӡ
׼һʼܲһ˳滹лᣬҴҺֽҳ¼ݣСЩˮٲһСըҩߣȥһй
ǹ¾ս˻ѹ
˺ӵ޽˴κˮ̫˵˺ӷ֧޽ֻжΣˮûйȽҲ㹻ˡ
Ƚըúˮһֽ˺Ժޣںõĺӵȼü֮
ӰڣضյĴǻ㱶£̰ӣûˮʱЦЦЦȴˣҵĴûˮˣˮˣǵĵرסˣ
ΧһЩ˾͵£һ̾˯ˣãöѾ켸ҹۡ
һ̰Ѿ壬Ǻ˵̰زƴסӴ඼ûˣɶ˵ֻҪڣڣܻȥ
΢һԭưôС꣬ڿǵĶҲ㹻Ѹ٣ˮʼȴߣȥַһЩǷϢ̰ϻǵðţԷ⡣
Ҳͬţźˮ˿ٰܲѵ̰Ӽһ飬ֲһȱ©
ԶһֻŸڴԽ谭ɵ˰ǰ
Զ˼



83¡ж ͬһˮƽ
̧ͷȥ, ɫЩ԰ףȻƣȴҲ̫, Ʋ̱, ڱԶľ
û, ҲûӰصİ, Ǻˮȴһ, ǰϱߵĵ̰ҡҡ׹ѿĿӱǻæסҲʱ
һƺڳźõķչ
ȺɫΪ, ߸һЩ̫ҽԺĿ񶼸κӰصİ, Щˮ󱻾ģҪǰȥˮ³, ҪǿҩȾ˷纮
֪Ϊ, յԽԽ࣬ӵԽԽ࣬ĿĿҲһλΪ֣岻ʣòȺǰ, Դ
ԱߵĿ, ̲סһֹ, ôأ²ɡ֣ǳĲɻϲ, Ҳûλôܰ
ֻ֣ǺЦ, ŶӣȥʵͽȴˣܰˣЩ۵һȥЪŰɡ
Ⱥۣ֢״ȷʵЩȽƣ֢״ӦǽᣬĬƬ̣Уطɡ
֣ʱһæ˷䣬˴ϡ
ֻȥֻѵûšӲůˮ̫ԽھĸߴƼȡˡ
̫ҽԺǱµּ⣬ѡȴǾȺ֣֪ģͱȺѡˣ˺ӰءԹŭҲ±ƳĲֻܽǻԹȺϡ
һʼ֣ԼһվͱˮߣҲ˼գϣЩ˸Ͻתȥֻ̣ǵȵˮʼˣõ̲֮סԽиҲЩӿʲôЦǻʼҽ
Ŭôãòѡ̫ҽԺΪ˺͹ǽӴҫ棬Ƨ˷ʱ䡣ƫƫȺߣ֪ʲô
Щ֣ĸ鸡ҩأһζҩǱ֣ץҩʱóҩȫ෴ҩȺʱɫѿ֣֮±ȵǸ䣬̲֮סգȺû£Ա˳ŵġ
Ⱥ㲻
ϲҽʦܴм̬ȺѲΪЩС¶ŭ෴֣ıָոպãһ룬˹ţ¶һĨ΢ЦãҲҪ飬յ̫飬Ҳ֣֣嵹ǲҲ̫ҽԺˣҲΪ°һЩס

ҽʵǲô˽⣬ѯʵ룿
ȺʹֻƮƮĻ˲ˮ֮󣬱ߣԹˣСġȻ֣ҲһЩС֢״ãһ֪ĴѨãǱ֢ҩʡ֣װҲԸϰһ¡ھͼ
ھͼͼᣬϸĽͼ֮Ĺϵ
ոջ֣ʾ˶ʱͷƲȥ޵Ķ֣ĽԺ£ǧȺ
Ⱥ˵ʱûбˣ̫ҽԺʱפػʮˣھͼһֻЩ˵ƺӿ˲٣ҪһɵĹǵϾæˡ
֣ķһʼҲҽУ;ˣһҩһҩ֣ȥ죬֣ͳˣԼ˵ѾȫȬǿһ䣬ҪκҽʦҪŮҽΪβҲ˷ҩġ
ֻ֣ǺӰصһСȺûпȥ£Щ̫ҽԺˣͰ˵Ʋ£Ⱥ˳һȺˣнֹ̫ҽԺҲַͣڴ˵أС˼
ʱһţиʹʵԽԽ࣬ͷεҲԽԽ࣬ǵɫʼͣǵǷֵһ˲ˣļҲ½½֮󣬡ߡڴˡ
ӰΧĿ̫ɫֲ࣬òھѹǲṩʣԴԴȥҩģֻ˽£̲סԼĻűԹ׷ݵģҿӦֱӽЩ˵ȥɽҰ룬һȾ˸ˣǿô˵ã
ͨĳѾգֻˣ̫ضµҪ
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
Ϊˣ̫ȥһҩģҽʦһûߣԼȴҲβˡ
ǰ뿪ĵʮ졣
ֽϻһȦ¼ʱ䣬Ȼһ۷ļ¡
Ƴ٣ҪΪĸ
һһ׼֣ͬڸĿַ׼Ȼַһһݵ밲ӣɴһߣȦˡ
ӰغˮˣܱߵƽغΣսӴϱע⡭
衳°ãд½ɣֿһŷ̲סͫ΢
Ȼ󣬼ֱӣü˼
ۣȫΪɶĹȻҪǹͬνԽڵߣΪɶҪԽҽҩԽ
ȻðһЩĲ롣
ĹֶԽȻɳļϸԽڲҳһƬŻȥ㱨մȾߣȻĹҲȾɣ
ʵϣԶȼĸӳ
Ĺңǵةվڳŭ𣺡˭бȥǸ˵ģȻҪʿҲðգ
ʵү˫˫ʹһƬңп಻ԣ˭бϲʥ£ӼСأ¿ɵá
ϸǰȥˣǰǴԽڲֺԵϢĵʾԽһƬ֣»Ͱ׽Ӽûô򲻴Խôʵ۾ͲˣҾ󹬵ɻҲһЩ֢״
һҪĹҽ飬˵ǵԽߣۻ˸ַ죬ɹĹʵѪһ
ةڱסˣѹҽ˵ֻ׵ķӣҩȻǰԽԸߣ̴¡
ֻǣةҲ̲ס룬ĪԽӣة̲סҡͷԽǸһ꺵ֵڶԵģǵӣ̫ж˭˭Ҳŵùˡ
Ҳ׷̾ɺãĹǺúõģתӲֱصԽˮƽ

*
лҪ˵
С糡
һʼ
Ĺô
ڡ
ԽҪô룿



84¡ؽ æµճ
, 衿ϣɨһۣ˰Ҳ޷ƾЩ־, ͸ԶľĹĶ, ɴŵһߡ
ش, ĹҪǷҪҽʦҩҲš
ܸȺο, ôҲ
ϵ, 衳Թϲ´󣬸ûȥظĹֱۣӽһ, ۾һ̺ӸǺãʼϢ
ûϢ, ֱˣڸ׸ԴԹ
һ۹, £Ĺ, ˵Ϊ˰ҹֱ˶ʮҽԼʮҩģҪЯ֣ʱзҩ
衲Ÿ˯ѣЩ㱣ȵԴظһ, ˼·
޳ָһ, ˼, Դ, ˹ˣ
Դͷ, ȷʵˣ߾İ̩ѾӵˣӲͷƤѺǰӰظ
̩ĿԼһӿˮҲճ߾ճɳڳأڳŸһȺŹŹֵˣŵʿһʣûҪǽ·飬Щ˺ԥԼĹˣԽڣ˵Խߡ
̩أ
ӵϢʱһڲʱǺ˺
ǰжǩͣսԼ϶Ϊֵ֮ڹԮ֣֮ǻ治˼ǺߣҹֻҽʦܹҲͶʮˣһ˶ûУ˵һǵıޱȰˣνǳʮ㡣
̩ؼû취ֲܾܽܣ˻ֻ֮𼱻Ǹţ顣
ȻԴʾ̩ĿԸⱳֻҪκ춯Ǿ·ϰɱˣһĹ׷һе
˵ˮǱ·ˡԴҲϿ⡣
衣
Դһڴ衻ܾҪ󣬶Դ֪ͨǵľӣúð͹ȥƽǵļֵ
ü𣿡
ԴελʹѾҹ̸·Ĺɳˣ˵ǻʵسʹֽһ
۾һ£µģ
Դصͷǡ
ʵ֤衺Դˡ
λʹɽˮһ󳯻Ȱ衣Ҫ׾ԶСˡ
Ϊ׵ʹдʣҪӵף·ֻΧзհ٣ЩΪ˱¾ڵĺˮͣȻҪͣλˣǱǱδˡ
ɫѿһϵɵĳҲɫòȥ˵ĺͦԣһ仰ôǲԣ
һλϳվ£ЩĳѾΪź͢¶æµڶ೼ӱûɣҲڱְиʡ
ĹʹνˮЩҲҪѹʳΪӰصȵȥҩģذա
ܹ鳳ܣĹʹܿԽĳӴһ£ΪӰԼܱ߿صİг򣬻ֲȱ©֮
衴ɣЦӦ£ԱߵĴ󳼾Ĺ̫飬ֻթκЩ鶼Ϊʵã֮ƺҲء
˳衻ûЪһӣĹʹˡ
λʹվһţż񣬾ֹΪǣԼС̫վڼ࣬Ψʲô쳣
ŭ£λʹ治ɫȰһȰ
һڵģѸһ飬Ų豭Ʒһڣֳ°Ȥζǡ
Ȱ°ӣɱɽȣȰ·δȻδӦȫΣҵ֮ȻѸƳҩ
Ա߼¼ʵӵʷٷܱʼ飬˫۷ֻ˻˹ʲôܿͿĹԽѺ
ԽԽãȻôЩĹʹԽĳӶıµĽɽ
ĹĻʵôӣޣԽҲֲĹĻʵ
Ļˡ衸²豭ڵּ֣ʹ仯šηͼķŭ֯һָĿڵûţ
ʹʱɫ䣬ϸһǵĻǵɫִĦŵȾ˰ɡ
Ĺʹˣ
ֲأѹƴû⣬ҪԽṩӣⳡߡ
дͷϵʷͣ˱ʣ˿ĭһβĵն֮
λʹɫΪѿȴλȻˣǲһæɣҲⳡѸֹǲǣ
ǽãԼһյĹ˫ڴһ£λʹ뿪鷿ʱŲɿ죬ж׷һ㡣
ȵĹʹ뿪衲¶豭ĦűأżۣһӺ󣬳ż衷еĲ豭ǰ裬ҿ衵Ĳ豭ŷĲˮһ㶼ûм٣߰˷
ĽȴĲˮһȲ裬ʰֱ˿ʼƣʶãһֱۻ߽д̸Ҳֻͼæµ
Ǵӵǻδй顣
Ҳʤ˵䣬˵Ң˴͵µҹ̾ҹ£ϢϣȻҡ
ʤһתȻҲǺܺˡ
ľҲĳӣֻǡôˣܻݻ£һ·ߵ˽졣
鰸ǰڱõУңԶĺӰأ˾ְܣ˭ɡ
¿û̫࣬ʵѾڽ߾ܡ
鰸һյȼŴţ뿪ǰʶϵĺһۣŲĿ⣬ﰵ˳ƽ
̹˵ߵֹۡ
ҪǺˮûȴµףʱҪȥˣҹǳ½ԲϷ
ߣˮٵʱһ˾˽ϸˣŵʱȥʳӰظҲ֮磬֣ԼڵĵؽѲ඼ûˣȳʳҲԶԤڣΧص۱һʼѾ屶
Ⱥǧ˵ܺˮСʬ嶼ܳԣҲܲסҪʳټϸҲٸɲҪտˮҲΪѡ
æµãҴ˺ӰһˣȺһЩڸ飬ִҴһϣȥըط
ƫԶûܵôעЩطأ񽥽۳ȺźӰرȺ̫ҽԺ˶òһѡȾߵͽ۲͸˵Ⱥܵۼ
εĺӰϴοƾٵѧӣϾǰ̫үԺһվִ֣ǰĲֻᵽˡҰʣάֶľӣæҵ̫ҽǣ־еġ
ڱ󿴲ĵط̫ҽǲгĹԽŶϣȺںһλҽۡ
Ҿطȫ˲ҩټһЩ֥Ҳ
ⷽһõ˵ģӦüһЩ«̶ԭԽԽԽá
ĹҽȺֱкõķõҩȴòãЩʲôþȵģȻҲɴ಻ܡҸطȦܼ˱Ⱦķա
ȺҲĹҽӽˮ˲Ρ֥ʲôҩĹĸЩĿеΧĿҲܱ㹻ǧ˵˲ΣҩҪҪ
Ҫǣӱһһ飬ڲͬϹ۲ЧĹʹȺģԳõķӾͻعκЩ˶ȺܣԽȺȥҲҩ뾭ͬС
Ⱥֻ뾡ȫˣĹҽҽʦĿ٣ܶһһݲ
˫ãڻĥҲ۷˫£ǵóһķӣȻֶһʼװĸȾߵ֣
ȺҽʦЧԼΪУģڣ˵ġ
Ĺҽ۾ԽˣҲ΢һ°ɣ
֣
⣬ôͲ⣡
ʱ̫ҽҩһвβûԤҩÿ춼ٲˣҡͷ£ΧĿسҩģϸǿȥţĵڶʳ׼ʱΧسĸҲִӰأЩַȥҲǣٵͳ
űͼĸֱƣӵ³ԽȥؽӰǰȵԺǸԱ񣬿ʼũ·ؽݵȻơ



85¡Ĭ ɻ
ʱ, 衸ڿ죬ȫˣδʮյİҲǰд, ·Ҫһĺûʵۡ
, ںӰصһ, ʼûģʷٿ۵, Ϊ»˼һӰҪô, ҲԣֻǼһ㡣
ڶգ¼עʷӰ, ÿһն´Χ˻飬¼ڲ, µ۵ǻһʱ䣬¼ĲѾȵʮļ¼ȡ
Ϊôɨ̨βĹԱ, ʷϲ˵ճԹϿϷ, ޲ִ㣬ڳĳźá
˵ĹʹԺ
һʼĹʹ׷űܣϣӣڻĹʹĴ, ´Ĺʹ޶ë, ѾͰȥ, , ѾĹ鱨ǵĸɸɾ
¹Ĺʹֲ, ۼűûʱȥǣͦġ
ǽ죬ʷȥ鷿û£ȥ;ûҵˡ
תһȦʷû취סһС̫ѯʵ֪ģ
С̫æصūûǰҪѯʣ绹ȥɡūݵ΢֪ܵµ١
ʷһԴҲԼЩɵȥģʧɫֻǱЩڿţūҲ֪ģΪʷٸűء
ʷһȻȻû
ʷٹ˲࣬ⵣǣҵһұģ˸£ź򡣡
ɥǰջң˵δʱһȥش£˵Ҫ̡
ٽ䣬ԷԸ˿ʼѰұµ٣ȴôҲҲġ
ʷɫףվ鷿鰸ԣĪǣĪǱ˼ˣ
ҲĨᣬˣҵȿɸǺã
ֻڱ˵ĵطŬüŪۣʷŬʹɫ
ʷٸ˵ʲôȻŵһŨζ̧ͷһֻһĨứֱﻹأ°£
ʷ٣
ûסԴһܸоЩԾ
ʹķغʱиزôˣ
ʷһˣպþײ鰸ϣһЩ䣬æֽסֻҳƽҴҷģֻĳһҳ۵˸Եıǡ
ʷٵ΢΢һ٣ɴһҳֻһƪʫȦ
ȸпһѽǱ»ԲȦ
ʷҪٲ²ǰ׳ˣľϸ״ʫܿ췢֣һײͷʫÿһһǡǡȥˡ
ʷ٣
һסͷ˿ܣѹ³ˣȥ˰
װɵһ˵ʲôı顣
ʷٺҳݺ룬ճԹϣڳԵԼͷϣԷ׷ѯʵչ͢ļ¼ǰһ̼˭
̻شĹʹ
ʷֲɵˣɫָ˱µ٣ߣȰץϸϸʣ
ɴӦ˼С̫࣬ȥץߣʡ
ʷҲ˳ˣֻǰ̲סֹһջˮ
ֻû
һӺʤɫѿŻƣд
⻰Ҳ֪˵˭
סλĹʹŭĿӣ룬һˣȡеĨֻ˴ԽǲҪջȥ£ҲһΣǾжĥɱ¿
ʤʷٶһ񣬾ûǵȰʺӿͷϣȻûʵԽŰ²Ǳ´ȥˣﻹжԽ̽ӣ
ʹԽɫԽŤ̲ס֪ǻʵȥˣ㵱ǵ˰˱ùš
ɴǿĨˣȻЦʤЩ˾ǲʵҿһʱҲ⽻ȶ죬󻹲ͽһһٷٴ򡣡
ʹŤͷƴϵӶɳˣ⻹Ű²
ЩԽܱܲ˵
-
Խˡûġ׼ʮˣ˳ŹٵǰӰ򡣽ûӰأӰؾЩԶķأ
Ⱥ֮Уָ㰲ľٴ룬һĿȻⲻ˹ǼݣһǰȡһеƣԱߵعټ򵥽䣬ʾǴ뿪ΧҲʼ峡
ȵ꣬Χ˿ʼɢȡ´·µһ䲻֪䣬˹ȥѸֽӹһ£ѣ֣Ǽõģһ¶˶ΪеЦݡ
ܿ죬˱ǣߵһ
ȿڣʼ߶Լߵ飺ӰǱһжãͣȥ񶼰׵ˣҲֹסˣֻʳҩ˲٣ջ˴ԼųɣѾǲˡ
ǻǱأźӵһϾӰҪ̣ΧĵҲòȥ໹汼ȺоεĺӰǲŮҲãԴ˱ʾ̫˵ֻҪţŮҲãƽ͹ˡ
ңһжáЩ㡣СС˵һԺᵽԼ
衻סֻ֣ЩҲǣһ档
ʶ衲ӦóͷڻָüʵºαҪ
㣬ǳϾʱ̣ЦҲû£ãҲ֪ﻹжĹ̽ӣ˳̽һˡ
-
Ӱ߸ȺһæµҩطȻһдҩȥĹǼλҽ
һ԰æ̫ҽԺĿæӦûãֻŻ˻ȴˣЩҽˣһ˶Ҳˣ
ȺѸ̧ͷšü棿
Ŀݺݵͷǵһֻ֣ʣЩҪİڣԤı
Ⱥɫ΢΢һ䣬ȥ˰׷ǸҩҪ޸ģڵҩʺϸƶģˣ˻ʹ壬ͱٴ޸ļһŶۡ
ν֢ҩǡ
ǣĹҽ֪һ㣬ǻϲϲҩѸ·һ·˽ǣҲ󶼼ᶨͷһҪһʱҩ͵ĹĻʹȥ
ҽҽǿǸ⣬ȴ˻л˵
ҽǶڲݴţǧҪԽ˵κλ˵⣬ʵϿ϶⣬һжǵıƣǶۿЧõķˡ
ɭһ·˴ˣ˶С룬ż滹Ǻν󣬴ԼҲˡ
ʵ̫ңЩԼҪܣԽǩЭ飬ʲô취
ȵѰҵ˶ƣŻˣȺ˰üģǷ˷ֻ֣Щҽദ˶˺üꡣ
ϢȺӱʣд£˿͸
żʱ򣬰ǲżΪȺһ̫棬ֻҪβˣ顣
Ҳ⣬˹ҪʵʵͣοһŬֻҪʱ乩ԽչҲǻ䡣
֪Ҳʤ
ôΪĹŬܸܲϺȡ
ǳǳһЦҲ޷οȺ˵ӴŻԲ˵֢״ܹ˵˵ģҲܰĹʵ۽ߡ
ż衺񣬰ǽδ֮ȥڸȺֽеһ仰
ԼˣֻЩ˽飬Ͳظ߼ˣҲƻԼڼеӡ
ûжʣֻǰеһţԱߵĻѹסЦŵãȥκɺã
ԼҲʣӯӯЦ⣬ãҲʱ£ٹһʱ䣬ǻ÷ˡ
Ҳͬһȥˡķңǣ֣ӣгй䡣
ªľָֻƽһյԺƿӣ˽
ɨһܣҲ֪罫ҵֽģºαŰأ
Ĵңƿ豭ǣֻ豭ѹһֽдŵĹҽҩһ£⽲ҪЩҩģԲˣĹʵҲܾˡ
ֽһС֣עҪű£ҲҪȺ֪
ɫ΢СֽŻȥò豭ǺãЩˣ׼ԭϵģҲͨ㣬ҩҩҲм˽⡣
ͼС
ȥע⵽ԵĻҴһҵеֽ
ֻдʱ侩ʮ춯͢Աֹ쳣δ͢ڲСģܱߴ̽漰߾ң֤ȷһ塭
䵭ϿֶΣͲĹĴ̽ӵֶΣԶأ־һȷѪꡣ
ҪģǸǵʾȫһ飬Ĺǣģһɴ
ؽֽݼ£ַŻԭƿӶ˳ȥ
£ظԶȥֻڰߵ˵ʲô˵ľֹޱȡ
ժһƬҶ룬Ҳ̫Ĭ˵㡣
ĹΪĬģҪùˡ



86¡ ޷ȵͷ
˵, ռһʼ׼ǴҾ׼飬Ȼһһ, Ѿ³, Žæ, Ҳǿ
衵˼ʵ˹ְĹѾʼؾ顣
ôǻʵ, ͵͵ܳһҲ, Ҫһ£ڸĴǷǵѪɣҼ衻ָ´ٴŰ, ûһ̫
Ͱ򵥽䣬, ԭ·أõǺ, һĻ˹ǡڻ鷿·ײ˻겻ʤ
ʤ̧ͷ, סˣȻ󲻸۾̲ס͸һɲţ£
ֱҲ׳·ԼľһȦ, ⼸ˡ
˵, һ˵, ʤʱع, жʱɱ, ŭӼ衡
衼Ϊ̹ʤһСУ濤عһԺңˣߣȥȻʤʣµҲʱࡣ
鷿ﻹŵƣλڸֻȱԶصİϣۣʱʱ̾
ԴʱͷѴµÿĵֱ׷ʤ˳ơŵ֨ѽſһĵʱУ˭£
ղλɻã¶һĨЦݣѸټ£衶˲ˮģתͷȥŷ׼ţرҪλ󳼹ʳ
ʤЦһûһĿϢִֻʼĦС
Դ̾һԴקͷˣȻͺˡ
ǲͬˣ»ͺá³һˣ㵱̫ҽԺ˹
ǮиỨ˸£¡
Ǯ˿޵øʵ⣬òֺ˻ʵۣһʵ棬ǰôͶǴˮƯ
΢ǰλس˼֣˵˺ӰǱߵ״ֵҲûãֻ죬ȥأŰİһЩ飬ٽӼ˼λǹ涨һЩĵҲգȴҲʶ
꼾衵Ļ̲ס̾£ܵúһ£ϾҪڳҪһЩˣȻԽɽӰ̩ҲҪиǧҵľԼһǧ̷ˣŷϻʵ۳εı׼
ʤšüЩ̫˲ˣҲˡҿĲ˵ôҪһЩϣÿ־µ۸͹ȥ
Ҳһ㣬Ҳ빬һεԵʱ顣
Դ˸µʱʱҲˣǮ֣˵أ
Ǯ˵ͷȲ裬ԴЩͷˣһ䣺Ҿ˵еʤ˵Ҳԡ
վһ࣬Ϊ裬ûס淭˸ֱۣϻ
תͷ˵Ĺ飬ȥ˺Ӱصҽ˶ʮͦãòץУЩҽ뿪Ҳ¶˲Ĺ̽ӡ
ʤȥ˲豭ȻͣЩȷôǵãĹҽǶʮˣ
ûеȷʵǶʮ
Ǯ˻ûӦŬϼ衵˼·˶ʮץʮԲϰôһˣ
ʤѸٻԼռʱڼߵһˣɸѡһףƶǱûƽʱӦûŷġ
ü䣬Ц
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ǡ
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⼸յæµ̲סɫ鸴ӣֻǷҹȥĹġ
Դʤļ磬겻ѣڴʤպڸ׸λûҪӰ࣬ҿѾǼã̫ʦҲˣָҸʺλá
ڴˣʤסԴ֣ˣͣҽһ常ҲΪȥյ׸һְʱǵǵ˵ˣҪΪ¡Ϊɽٷܶʮ꣡
Ŀԣǵ⽣Ӱ
ڶգЪһϣڳӼĹʹ
Ĺʹ뼾ʮԶľ룬һݣڴﱻҲϷģڣƺлҪ˵
һϧż衹£ЩĹʹģӵ٣ͼܱ£ūŽ
衵ͷɨһۣܱɹӦûֵͦǮģʱĹ˵һٽֻҪƽ𡣡
ĹΪ׵ʹƴ·мĥˣɫʵ㡣
Щϧˣô£ͽ۰ɣֵٽƽ𣬾ɡ
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ĹΪ׵ʹŭˣ|ڲ|һĶ˹ȥ
ʹĹαһλеӡĳ
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˦Ĺʹǲģ衽ƾͼƣץһĹ̽ƣǿӦ˹ȥ
ң뿪⼸գϢ
ڣӰغɢܱߵ֮޽˺ӵھ¿ҲЩ٣мڸ߲ˮȫԱ˺Ӷһӿ졣
µˣ˿˱ͷۻµ˱ǰ˴æ鱻֣ܿˣȻ󷢶һѧϰ
棬һ̶ҷɣ¼뿪ˣҲһ˿׼δĵۺֻǰɣԭ˼ۺڴܶװζʻȴļ໨лˣҴĴβʺļãЩҪһ޸ġ
æŸԱ¼ǵı֣Ͼһγ͢Э˱죬һЩֽĸŬũȫǡš
̲ƴỤ̆ϴηʣٿռˡϾγ͢ңҲһħ֣Ĺ̽ӱץҲҪǵݣĹ˶ϢԴǵȥ
ȻҲöᣬαͼ׼ըҩļ׳Ϊ֮أ޹˵ȲֻըҩĸɾˣһжҪ´
ֽȱŮٱν͸ɴ¼б죬ҲӮ˴󲿷˵ɹ̤˽볯õĵһǵĺûᣬҲԽչĺûᡣ
۹͵һգڳ͢ϣڱ˿ֿ䣬С̫ʹͣһʱѾڻ·ϣѾ͵ǸԵĸۡ
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ܿ죬˴ʹƷ˲Ծ
ǮŬʹɫʾлҪ˵
û²ڵʱҪǮһڸ񣬵ȵ»ˣĲͬ˵СΪ顣
Ǯ˲Ųη壬ɴǰקȥˣŭֱӵ»Ҫˣ
һ㶣ԼӣȻʵ֤ݣ
Ǯָͷ¸ֻһɺ辰پһѲֵǮĹ±
ЦһЩ±˵õ
Ǯ˵ζϵܣЩ±ڱ˵Ҳ㲻ʲôԸһأôѹȥӰκԣѵΪ˵ñʹһѹ±Щͱ¶ǵʹȣҪһȡΪ̶ȣֻЩҪǻңҶȻáҿţҪǸʹͣںأ
ɫϱ仯նΣȥ˵ãָҰȥϣˮйݲȥȡҲǶ԰ǶԱкУҲУôܵʺֳЦ
ϣǿסͼλԼãȲѡѡһ£϶϶ã¶̫ϣһžͺˡ
ĽңȥϢΪͨʤͿȲ裬ȻĨ͸¶⡣
ʤ˰üģ̯֣Ҫ⣬Ҳס
¶ᣬ¾Ͳܡ
ʤһЦϴˣôҲˣʮȫʮģǶʥˣܻһЩϲˣŰ˻ʺôأ
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ʤУô
˾뾭ѵʤⲻ෴һȥֵڣ衵ľģҲףǡ
һأô죿Ҫ̳ˣҪȵȱ˻ʺɼλ檣
ʤҡͷ²ԸĻңҿסмغͼ࣬º͸¶ڷ磬˭ĵһ̥أǸӶֱӱʹ̳󡣡
⣬ʤһһˣù˼˵˺ʵĶԲߣ˵İŭ壬ͺͱһǲǣ˵ЩΪ˶ҵ졣Ϊ²ֶˣҶû´۵ʱôģУ̫ڱ²ڵʱæ񣬵һ̫ʦˣȥׯǲϵһѲ̫ҲĬ£
˵ͷϣᣬͷϵñҲᣬȻñӵ
ʤζһۣȻͷȲ衣
ţˮ㰡豭ÿš
滹ӳһԴ
ʤ룬ڸˣʤͺĺۼԴҲضãΪϴǸ⣬ͷû뵽ñһժŷ£ԭѾûͷˡ
ڶգʤȥ̫ҽԺѰȺɻϴƷҩһЩҪ͸ϴˡ
ȺеҩģߵҩܿûƿҩҲҪ
ĸһ˲Ͱʤ©ˣʤһĨˣȴˣ鷳׼һЩеڣǽ궼ðˡŶˣͷˣҪЧ𣿡
˵˴ƣȺ£һ䣬ϴôˣ
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洫ֵľ̾ʤúҩƿһֻһ˶Ʊ̧˹дĸ֣ˡ
ʤֻһ۾ͷŵ˫һǱµ֣
ԱߵСȻˣǶһݵĽ»ӡȴˣй˵ȴ˵ʱǼΪͣ˵ҹоҩԼһҩ
ˣȺһĻʱҶֹ࣬һ
ƵĹԴˣҪǰϡ
Ⱥ̫ҽԺϰɣ̫ҽԺ˵Ĺ͡
ԭӵȺĬ㶼Ⱥ֣ٳ֣룬պҪһģҲѧһѧȺܵĸֲźá
˹ˣȺ˵Ĵߴվλϵĺ񣬿ĸ֣Ҳ¶һĨеЦ⡣
ʤ΢ЩĽƣմ͵׭̳Ժϣ˿ޣʷԶȺ֣ǼҫǶ̫ҽԺȺõĿ佱
ȺƵʵҺͱҪһ
ʤʵʲô
Ⱥóһƣǰһ£ǱµơҿȥеطĿعԱ棬ҲƽسǣԺ󣬱ҲÿξŸ£ֻ´ڻʹîΪɣ̫ҽԺһжΪұʱԻ
˵Ⱥ¶һĨеЦݣҪ߱أȥΪ˿ȥһĲ֢Ųĸ֡
-
಻ǵһǮ֪ͨģ෴ڵĶĹݲǡ
һʱϸĲټϳæңֳһʱ䣬ĳرֻʣϰĶĳͦȻǮҲϰˣһΣͶĺλ˭ϣڶĳš
źԽʧȺڽߣʱʱķͲµľϢ
ˣˣְѾؾˣ붨ºλѡҲԶˡϰκ񣬷ֱдŰϵ֣Ĺ˷׷ϡ
ССƳʼʵİӣʳƮֲȵζ
µͯڽϱܣһǵĸĸڽкǿԷ»ķüۺ飬˲ڽǣ֣ȴʱʱһۣŹȣǽյֵԱƸ룬רΪ˽⾩ָ֣·ߣصϣ̤ĶǣϣҺڣӼѧ䣬Ӵæ
תǴƺλЯͬΣһһ࣬ǡôԱһֻӵҷɣżЪڰ˵ļϡ
ķܴ꣬ŵǡ



87¡ ǰ
ɣ˵Ƕ˶, ǡ˺򡯵ˮȣǡ˹ƴʦ׷ᵽˡ
黹׷ݵǰ, ֮, ׿˵ҪԴϴڳϷһͨ, ˵¡ƴףʵ󼪡֮, ﶼĵ, Ӱˡ̰ˣ䵽ͷϣһ, ɱˡ
ΪˣŶҳ, ΪΣյǼ죬³žͱ
Ȼ, ȻţҲʲôû, Լ֪мõ㣬ʦү棬㡢ϣɽӰ̩³ɣڳƣ, ɣÿһζޱȳ, ҹǳ顣
Ҳ֪ǲʦүĳĴ, 屻߶, Ըʵ, һΪԲˣ޻˵ҲסԼԴڳ͢ݺˢһڸУõ˷ʹ͡
һСͯһСӣһʦˡ
ɣ΢ɨ˼ۣö೯Լǻֱ׻ıʾϣԼСģпլˮģ߻ϣƳҩġ
ɣһûȥҡҡͷڸ۵׵Ľϴʵȥתǣ޹أΪӣԲӰһ¡
Сͯɣɵӳˣһšʦôǫ顱һԶˡ
ɣɹźж˻䣬ʦ㣬ȻҲûסĴͿҫҲԼĵʦүӣ뵽һ㣬ɣɵĶʱȣɴȡԼϴس˴֣СţʦⱲܰȶȹ𣿡
˵꣬سͷȻ£ֻسһһʾΪɣɲ¶Цݡ
ɣֽʵٻ𣿡
سڵתƬ̣ͣһһǼ
ɣɴϲʵܹͽҪ̳Ϊ̵֡
淴ס
ܵʦ𣿡
ס
ɣɵЦѾʧˣãƺһ׼
ʦܲƫһ㣿籣ҽɣʵڲƸҩҲ԰
ס
һףһͯ˽ģû꣬ôȻʹˣǲʲô캦Ļ£ҿױ
Աߵһͯţʦ˵û
ɣɣ
ףɣᶼˣСһ䣬𣿾ǵүӵ֡
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˳ȥȻצһֽƮ䣬޼ɵô˴ƽһĨɫ
ɣæСĺŸӣ㵣ĵѾ˵ˣҲ˵ˣվҪ飬ģҶȻˡ
һһʹԶȥڰϲתسͣһһ
Ǽס
翴ż衣Ϊһ·˳˳ˮʵϣµ⡣
Ϊˡ
ڶϳɣȻ֪Լ°뱲ӵٻǣڼϣȻԥ£ἰ£һѷ춨£ӣҲҪ䣬˫ãܽ
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ǮŬȥɫ鲻Խ¶һĨЦǩһһĸʣͲ³鵽ϣ
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ղŰȰȸͣ񲿹Ա˲͹ˣ˻ߵ£Ҵ£漰ĸô˶Ϸ
ȺˣһҲҲУһĸô㵹Ǹ˵㻹Ҫգ
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ĪӦǣɫÿҲĻˡ
ҪôǶ˵衣Ҫô衶ְ˵
õڣ˹ۣߵļ衣ǲǺܾûϵݳȥˣ
衷飬գգۣҪȥŻŻǣУȥɣҸʰ
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һ߲ǰõİߣߵҲ౻īһֻϧ˵ļãЩбɫʻ
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ؼרŸ¶޽ĸ¥Ҳǳĵطһɳ󣬼еĶ˶תһתϣԼڽҲλ˳
Ժ¥һǰһԭʫıͣˡ
ڴ˴ҲˣټǱ־ԵߣòдһȺ˾ͰΧѯͼܺһǰ㡣
ǿԺֽ˳ƺƵȺֻʣһСӡ
ԺֿŰ̲סпţߵһǲװ
ѧǧǧ򣬹ӼѵҪͷǽ˳͢ҲҪҪб֪Լ֡
Ҳѹ֮꣬һˣţλȴֻƷΪʶ£ټڹоӪõѸƷǻԵĸ
ǳǳһЦΡ
һȺ˵лӹĵڣйȥĽڣټϵݲͬȻҲޱ硣
˵ţҲע⵽ղһߣЦ̹ӣ⻭ֻģǻһЩЩ׵
Ժָ븽һֱ졣
ԾԼ˵û̹ȡߣ㽫߽ǮˣóʻϵĻʣҲܸЩ
ԱߵҲ壬ǣ̹ӣҶʶôˣժǿɣ
ְסߣ뿴ǵҲԣֻ޻Ͳˣбõġ
¶һĨЦ⣬߽ҿֻиأѡһݴߣֻһˣܽжԷҽҿѾҽҿߣҽ߻˼ʣԽǿˣҲ޷Ҳ˹ء
Ө£ӳһϤݡ
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ʩʩȻִߣֻ˹
¥֣輧һ£ִ裬һȺ׷׽кãʾ֭ʫ䣬ʱдһΨж¥һСһƬš
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һĻʵǳ˵ķ롣
Ժɫ⽩Ӳλһ
ΧɢɢҲѸɻؼңֻ̤ŵһ˲䣬һ£һҿߵ˷סûһͷԵڵϡ
˷䣬Ҳ˵ƣôڻ谵૵ȻȻ
Ǯ˵ˣûԼɴԼٸеԺ˵ţȻݣʵô˵ûʲôƻǽڹͱദôǶ׽ǰ
һãȻᶼˣ˶촽ֱ죬ɣ֪Ҫôڡ
Ǯһļ磬㵹˵˻ʺҲҪʺǿ϶ƴҲҪŬһѣ㶼ô͵ˣô˵
Ǯ޺޵Ժ׸һҪԼలż˵ؼʱ̱ư͵
оͲǡ
˵ͣŬ֯ԡ
Ǯ˺޲ôԿǣϵˣǱµĳ購Ǯ־òԣʱ㤣ѲϸͲʲôӣǸ
ˣûݳĿܡ
пǮ˲ͣ任ɫֻЩϲЩǶһͷԽӣƫƫλϡԱݣŽѿǮˣͲϣͲ֣һжƭǵġ
ʲôǮɫңΪϵ⡣
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ڷصǮ˶վǣûӦ
лòָ̼Ǯ˵һ£ҵʱ˵ŲժߣΪ滭Ļ̫˵͵ϼʣɺ˵Ǳ»ġҲòһҪǱҪһȻǧ̫¿ɲƢõĻʵۣҪѹȥˣǱҲὫĹλѹȥˣ
Ǯˣ
ǮԼһ㣬ټнյĲʱ߽ӣˣ
Ǯ˲ţȻժߣҲǵ˱µ׿ϣй¶Ϣ´ԼʶμӵѡѡϾһˣλעҪ䵽ϡ
̫ʵ̫Ǯȥ˾¥˸ᣬԼĵҵϢ̲סһӣôˣ䣡
ԱߵѾͣžƱֹסۿһѾҪɾˡ
Ǯҧгֲ֮ЩͣºȻģǣ͵ϰ
ȥǰ˵˶ڮٰĻǮ˳׾Ŷֹǰ֪֮ܶ飬û˵һЩϳĻй¶ϲɣɱ̫֮ء
ǮӣĨ˰ѱ飬ֻصȥصʶϵһ̣Ǹһʱ£ԸӪԼ
ǬֺŰﴫһǺڣ洫һɥϵĿ޸ƨҪ޹ȥޣƽ̣գ
Ƣ𱬣˻ʵ˭Ӷƹ˵ǮˣȻҲãűһȺƴţ޲ֱý߿˾һ١û˻ѣ˹ﲻͣ޿£һӵҲˣ񶼹ȥʱˣ㵽Ҫ޶ã
ǮЦһһĨֱӿ˷ţűɰȭͷ˿壬ֱ׳ذϢϣǱˣˣ
Ǯ̲ס߶߶Ҳ֪ʲôʱ¶⣬ͷע⣬һոű³ˡ̣ǳ޹ˡ
᯳״ͣһԴòŷӦ˵ʲô
˵ϾǰǮ˲ʾ˻ȥ
ȵ仰ھ¥ε
һʱ䣬ڴ˵š˶ɵˡ
ʲô
ס棬κ˿᯴Ҵҽһ䡣
ö˴˰ţǮڷӦǮ˵ţִԼ˽ǵӣֹţȻǮֱһѾ͸˽ȥ
᯵ĺԾؼ֣ƾʴԴѣָֻڳ͢侲һ棬Ҵͷ˵
ԭͲ֧Ϊ󣬻˷ǶһҲһЩʱգϾǰǻô
ǿŰ˲̣ǿƾУ϶г̲סˣֻľƲףײܴƣƴˡ
ൣǻȫ˰
뵽һ㣬᯵ˡ



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ҹ, ĵƻ˺ܾá
Ǯ˹⺿һɤӣ¥µ˶Լ˼ʣʹеû, Ҳ˹, ͼһʲôϢ
, ŵţȴûдʲô
෴, ˲ȥ
һʼǱ᯵ĵ, 񲿵һЩԼԺˣɵˣÿ˹, ڸλϡ
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ҸոҼҹŮڻʹѡһ£˵ڻʹûϣֻңң˰һ档
ҽȥϵլӣɸɾ, ҳ, Ҳûʲô, ûס
ߵ˴͵ľʵ, , Ҳǻʹɳˣطˣ
һһ֤Ǯ˵Ļ
Ǯɫ˵ǸѿˣˣôãԼϲҪ⣬ô죡
һѡ㣬вУ
ȻˣǮûڹأҪǲһƾʲôڹҪ£
ͳؾ֮
һȺԽԽͷĵîʱɫҲˡ
ۿŵʱ䣬Ⱥ˲òɢˣԼ´
ʮյʱһգ۾͹ȥˣڼ˵ƽʮ죬ڳ˵Ǿĵֽͷöʮ졣
ԭ֧ϵһ˳ɵۣ֪Ǹúְ֧˺ϲһ𣬻Ǹþʹ˰ֱ֣֧µһȺ˿˺Ϸ޲һ㡣
ҪءȺУһֿҪҪҲˣһ˵ⲻҲ̣˱µ壿ȻȻִ
ʤŬϢǲǰҪˣµû꣬ҶѲһȦˣô
ʤקԼӣҲ֪Ĳ֪ЩһΪ֪ϢûһϷŹңңʲô֪οڷܽһ仰Ҳû͸¶
ʤҪߣŶ͵˶ʱɢˡ
󳯻ἴʼǮ˫ֺʮдʣ
ԱߵɺǮˣô常ǵʿ
ǮһĨͲˣҲǵʿҲûˣɴȥҷ滹ǿЩҿڷǰԸӣܱ˾ʮҷ£㣬ֻεĻʺǧǰ
˵꣬ͼԼ
Χˣ
ɣһרŹԵģն֪ϣ
˵꣬ҲһμüŪۣ̫ߺϳԺͦ˽ȥ
ʮ죬һжΪ˳ǹķչʸصĽ衣
ʱ죬ʽģͱ˻ٰһα䣬´ĸ͸ִ˸ѡһ־Ϊм
Ҫ޵̰ӻҪ˺ӣæŰֵضգµףǷյĳȻᣬС˵ᵽĳѾࡣ
˵£ȻȻϣ£ʮ֮ѵºǶз࣬һ¡
Ժȸϣ£ȻͬһˣȻҲʲôɼӦ
񲿵ǵҵΪ񲿹Աǲ֪ʲôʱһ˿ԵˣܿϵŪˣҲ۾֮ӡ
⵹ûУһ֪ȻȻһͺ˵ˡ
񲿹ԱʱˣƫĵôԣʲôͼֱǲԶ
ȻˣҲӦѧӵݲμӹԣ볯Ϊ١
衳°ͣûڣʤ˵ˣһ㱾֪Ϥ¥ؼ֮أһʼΪ˰ı¡ҲǶֻǺԽԽټҺͱҲ֪ܿϵݣҲеְһݹˣҲû͡
ȥύˣڴ˿̷á
ҲˣҪǻȥԣָǻȥϾԽԽˣҲǰĹһ
һһ䣬ǽ֮ǰĻȫ˻ȥ˶ʤͼŭĿӣʤֻûֱӶȥ߰˲ˡ
վͣЩҡź
ۼҪһ֣һλϳȻվ£ǳҰ޻˵ֻǡ󹬲ø
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۾¶˷ܵĹâһ顣
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˵һָ˰ָһС飬۵졣
Ŭ񲿵齭֣񴫵Ϣ⣿
齭ֲûԩûϵȻ񲿹ƽҪæŴĹ
վǳżһȴ̣˹Ȼ֪񷨣ֻ¶ǰ棬ܰ½Щ飬Ȼ޻˵Ըλͣ˾Ӻ̷¡
һ۰ĳŵһ֮ƶ񣬰ϼҪעӰΧʮĵ̰޽ҪעܱߵˣԼҪЭ·ʳԼʱڻķѵ֮⣬˶ǱߵĿ̵λģһԡ
֣ҪôǺķ˼ҪʩߣﵽµҪҪôŬˣֵ˶ԣ˱ԽҵģȻһ߽̻һߴѹϸ¾һͼĹˣȻһСġˤˡ
ãֲΪͼ衵ĹϵΪĹΪЩŬƴһжֵþ塣
ԭҪήˣ˭ҽӰϵĶԺһ˴ǾĴ
͵˴мֽ飬ǿڱµϱֳĬһԣû͵˵ߵ㣬һСĸˤˡ
ĳӰ¹һӣ˹ˣ鵹мԾԾԣȻˣ⡣
վλ׸Դһֻƺ̫һɲԤӿͷ
衵λΪʺȷʵʺڳΪ١
ĳ鲻Խͷ滺֣С
һۣΪȣôˣӦð
ĿɫаģҲеġ
棬ȻˣǾͷСΪɡ
Сף
˭
ôʽ֣˾ǰ
󲿷˶ż衣һãȻһ˿ͼõİʾмһ˿ɣɣ齥ӡ
ɣһ˫ֽգС׾ǳѰҵķʵĺλѡ
͢һƬ
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ҵȲδҲδʽѡ㣬ôԳΪʺ󣿡
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ԱߵȥûãſһֻӴӴŻ˽ֱŵ·ĩβ衣ϲͶĻ
΢˲䣬ˣЪ˼衵ļϣӸ¿ˣһ޵Сף޵Ļʺ˳£Ժ󰲰ĶڻʹˣҲӰ޷˵ӡ
ϵļ㣬ȫ棬Ȱɼ衡ֹλļ㡣

һƬš
ʤȻ̧ͷλһ˲²⡣
׸ԴĿڣҡҡ׹ѹԼѡλλõ治˴ġ
Դֻ󣬴˶ڿָվ˵Լһѣѡ˸˳ȥҲ󺰵ιȥˣ
ܿ죬һߵ̫ҽԺ̫ҽԴȥ
ǽӲûע⵽Χ̫ҽȺţò׼ḻΨվǰ࣬Ŭű¿ȥ޲ñµ佱䡣
Աߵ鵹һòڣǸӰ
ɣһǷ
̧ͷżֿ֣̲ס
ɫŤǸӽУ
ɣЦһǷ
֣³ˣҪȥ
Ҳһʾ⣬ʱһ
ˣҲǵԸ˳Ÿˡ
ֱӸȥ
æк̫˳ԸҲŬ׼ȥʱź
ȵ뿪ˣе¾һ
ɣģץסˣ챾ٷҪһٲɣ
أûˡ
һȦܺǰɣˡ
һȺ˸ɴ೶ӻ˰ֱˣɣûϵ˿ûæͼѹ˦ȥҲܹҰ㿴ⶼǮǳ£Ҫټϣн⵵𣿡
ף˵Ǯ˽˵ʱ䵽Ϊ˰Ϊʺǰɣ
ָǮҲΧУЦǮԸʵˣǲҲ֪ϢſǵķӦ
ʤһ߿֣ʷһŬһĻһʤˣȥֹһ
ʤһЦ·ǹɣйŭǰҲûΪȵ£Ҳǻծˡ˵ˣһСǼϴűɣɵ˸ڵң϶Ҫ
ʷٻȻ򣬷ܱʼ飬ʤ˵ڵĻһֲ䶼ˡ
ʤɫһѵ˵仰Ͳüȥˡ
ʷپ轫ʷ§ڻֹشˣʷҪıʵвңҲ|ġ
ʤ
˵ı鵱
ű֣ƹµȺС
ºüƲߣһλ˵ҪһȴݶҲôСҲвٳڣΪ󡣵ȵͻСࡣ
ֹǱǿ೯Ű취ɰѹȥǲˣϾʺ
ּ⣬ǵĻھ¶ʮֻ˺ӣһҪڻ¡
浹ˬӦˣǣοһл̳лλҲǸˣȻǸ˵ģҲ˵¤ҪֻҪλֻҪӹúãܼ縺ңҲˡ
෴ĺûʡȱ㹻ԣǼҪȥѰҺʵļ̳ˡǺҹϵ̫ӲˣѡĻպ⺢ӵĸĸô
ͬʱҲͰ顣
Ұǵ䶨˾³ߣһҲǾΨաͽʥּдãڳ۹ˣֱӾͽʥּȥȵŜb³ˣʽϼ¼
üӵһأʺĴ䣿
衵ĻζƳǸ׵ģǸС׵ġ
ӭż衵Ŀ⣬佥Ⱦ˺ɫ



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ۿŻü, ֻʣ²һµʱ䣬ͷֳȥһ֣, ÿ˶ЪϢ, ǰƴ, ԼԼºߵˣزʱκβ
Ȼ, Щ, ͵͵ȥϵһֻʹרŸӹ̵µ̫࣬ǳһ, Ҳûлرѧϰ
, ﱸһר͸༾صķݶҲ, ֻǳɻͳȥ
֮⣬һҪ顣
һ, ıܿˣߵ̫ҽԺ弴Ⱥ׼ˣ
ȺͷҲû̧ԼӵŴ߸룬ȫǳƷ
ȺѧϰСȰԶ, ź, ʦ, ʹ˶һƿҩҪػʸʮ飿
Ⱥ䵭ݶ¶һĨЦ, ǵ, ϲǣԲһһˡ
ĵ͵ˣӾʹ󵨶ˣʹûȥĵطνôߵôҲˣϲʻС˸Ÿӣ˳ײλʺ
ڣϣӺɵһλϳǰ棬Ъ˵ŵϣӸ¿ˣһϨˡ
ϳԭںΧĳִȻ˺ڵϹУԭĻҲòȻֹ
źС̫ŵյ첽˽սյ£ᴭһǸڲСƲ˵ת˻⣬ʺڴˣλ֡
ϳɫˮڳϷԼǸǶԴ˲мһˣһ󡪡
˵ʲô̫ȴһЦˣɱ˹ô¡
Դɴ̶ۿˣƺڿЦ
ϳһӱˣЦһתͷĵط
ͽʵ۵ĳӿһЩŵһЦʺڴˣҵȲʺ
ͷ
ϣ׵λãʵǸϳġ
ϳˣ۾ʱڣʺ󱾾ͲҲлرܡ
ҷ׷ֺȻλĵ
ָָɫѾˡ
ԸӰ࣬ʵϣ͵°ʱˣأҲˡ
ֻ̫ǶЦūֻźʺȻԻʺΪȡ
ĳǷ׷ѺڿǿЩ·˲˳ˣ̫ඨȻǵķԸŸô˵ЩԵĳҲ׵ͷǰҲδػͬλãܿһֻӡ
Ǹˡ
ЩˣǱģҲһֱˡ
յһһȼգһƻת˲ţڵձޱȽš
ĳ򣬡
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ҪͽʵͷҲòϾûٱ£⣬Ϊ³ǵλó类ȡ
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ȰˣϳɫĪ⡣
ĳ̾⿴ϳʵʺٺãҲǱȲģ˵ǲǣһҲȰɱ¡
ϾѾ㹻ɱˣĳЩʱҲϲʺҪȰһȰҲǰպͳ֮ˡ
ϳһ·˻ʺֻžд䣬ʲô뷨ȻƳǸӲǸˡΪزҵҪܲܽһֱôȥҪͺ󣬿ûôס
֮⣬ǽ飬ˡ
һʱ䣬һֱΪ򶨣ֻзĴС¶һһʣÿһʽ޲ɾС̵Ĳϡ
ԣһֱǴֵͬ⣬ɴĸ˰ټϸطˮȻ̣ϲþİնˣҲѹԼڶĳʧȥĽ
ϸǰϽĶĹϰ㱨ѾʼϣٷһΣټ긳˰
衣
˵ĥ˿ԡ
񲿵ĹԱæµѪ˭һϲ𡢾һʽǷ˻ʺĻʵۣҲֻͷĻǡﲻҾҪġ޵ľǸʮԺ󣬻ʵһ䡰ˣǵһȽϺáЩĹֱӰ׷ѡ
ҪԵ֮Ӳˡ
ڼ衳ŵˣٵܻܵ͸񲿵żʮգǺúЪһЪʹɣ׸
֮⣬æµˣˣķμ衻ðԼȿһۣ·Ͳٴˣ˵ҪһĻʱ
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â̫ɣȥʦү㣬һƽʽҪ˳
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뵽ݸһЦ൱ϻ˺ص£ȵʱæµϣһֶǰ濪·
ڣһ··ȫŵƽʣҼһǰ˺ݸɾɲʸԱ߹ʽӭۺаջȸԾΪԽһķܷΪ̫ƽʢ
ȻһѣɰѵùһĺӣΪݣֻҪ´޿Щʲôء
׼ң̤ʱԺ䣬㰸ʥּһҫʾ䣬һ䡰ֻʺж㣬ϰЭʺͬδ䡱ʱüдЦ⣬ŸӹӹʥּصΡ
Աߵ˴ӵ˵һһʥּһҲڽ¶һУŸͬʱз䣬ݵģҲа
üıһź룬Χ˿䵽ͷת
ʤʥּһԵϣʾ˸Ͻ͹ȥһָϽֶָ㣡㣬¶ˣ
׼ҵϯַǷССĹԱûʸȥʹμӴģȫۼҲһϲƣ߲ܣ㶼䣬Ҳһ˷
ʱڰ׼ҹݱ£Χˣִֻ˰֣һֱ⣬Ъһֻӡ
һ߹̺ߵſڵǰ衷Ű·Ҫһߡ
ӦһáҪԶҪſҵ֡ҲԺԶʸվߣһȥ
衻һգЦЦġ
һеĶһͷϣһ߹δĴʱ⡣
ÿҹһǿÿ糿һͳϼӭչ⡣
ҹԣҹҲٺ
ȵ֮ʷٻὫǵĹ¿ʷϣҲ˴
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ǰ棬ѲžĽֵ
ʻأͭǮĴʺ빬ʵӭѾԽعл񡣰ǻȸԾǴδ˴ųʼҵĸɡ
ʷƴأȴЩӣʢĻ񣬱ǲԼκˣϾһĻӳоյ˶ǵλӻʺԼİ
˵ǰʽԻʼҵǺʽڻʼҵϡ
ͬİãۺĴ飬ʽϼأݻʺ
ŽƳڵȼȻը죬ԤʾԵӴ˲֡
һ·ֲδֹͣʺ𽳵̩ͣ͵ǰ˫ϸֱ̨ׯ¡
񲿵ĹԱŬ侲ݣһɽӰ̩
衽ȼָ꣬һͬ¯С
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һǸⶼûУǵüŬˡ
ıϡ
һʼڰϣɴЪǰ¯ϣоԼˣЪᡣ
񲿹Ա۽ֱ飬ֻܵûҲʲǫ̂ǰǿŸӣˡ
һ˳񲿹ԱĨһѺݵۺۺгͬģ
̨ϣһۡ
µĳߺ꣬ʺǧꡣ
ɣ
ڳǰһ˲һסӣѸ
ӵɴۣ
ɫãӺߺˡ
æµһЯ뿪һ˺ǰĳòȥƣҲû˸Һȼ衾ľơ
ǰӷ⣬̸̵ġ
˼Ƭ̣ͷ
ˣüҸ׼ֻ棬춼ûʱˡ
ż衣üǵЦ⣬Ҳ֣ڽ衱衷ֽ˴䣬š
ֹǰڴһ죬ʵҲڴ
ֻţܶණ˰ҪһЩһЩΪг裬һˡ
Ψеȵʽ̸ʱ򣬵ȵóʶľģ衲žһ
ס|ӵƬ̣ڷֿȺȽơ
Ӻ񣬴Ҳˇ֣Ĭȼգӳе˸ϲãĴɫҪӺޡ
һĥĥ˰죬ֱһ𣬴봽֮Ũҵľдݣ֪Ǿˣ˾ơ
ƱҪںãѾЩԺİɵ˴ϣ⿪·Ŧۣ
סĴӴĦȻȥȻƵȮĺᡣ
ƺһûȴս֣÷
ʮָգžֻʣ˼ҵ
ν¶һ꣬ʤȴ˼[1]

*
лҪ˵
ĲдQAQ
ɣһ¾ͺá
ᵹʱʼ
עͣ
[1]ν¶һ꣬ʤȴ˼ȵɡŪɡbyع



90¡ս ˺Э
Ǻҹ, ·ӳȤҹľעߡ
Ϊףͼ໹ĵһЩ̻, ȵɫ׺, ǰ, ȼߡ̻Ϸȥ, ߴɢ, һ仨ԶǻȸԾΧһƬЦ
˿, ˿ŵǱЩ, ޲ھͰѱͼЩװӡ
Ǳɨɨ, ۣΧ˲̫, Ƿ̻ȻܷŴ˽ô˴յ̫ˣЦҲЩ١
Ǳԥһ˲Ǿ˽Щʼٲ, ߵ˵Ｘ, ʾǿȥ, ȻԼߵ˱, Ҳԣ
һ˵, һ߹עֻ̻ȼȦһأһڴغȺ
һۣʧЦˣû뵽Ҳֻǰʮˣǻٵȵȡ
վ࣬˵ǰҲԣ
˿ֲ´һһ䣬оǵ٩
Ǳ䣬Ȼ䣬ƾϨˣ˳Χײ˹
һ̻ϷԾ
ûеʱǱһǸߴٵϴˣԲסñһá
һ㶣Ѹժñ˳ȥȻżֶһߡ
㶼⣡
ǱŸսñãͼһקĸ첲⳶ס죬ҵĳУһôôͷƵģ϶ϲ
Ǳ
ĬСҴıĬĬɿȭͷ
֮УҲûע⵽ﲻԣϾһҲǴñȽۣʱǻ룬ûܿԼΡ
ڵϹУǱϣЩ˻Ⱥ֮£漾ѾʼԲߣֿ죬¶ɭ
ȻΧ˶ƽҲȥЩһˡ
˵ĹԽ̽Ӷ߰˰ˣЩӦþĲˡ
ѾץסһмΪɵˣ˴ȥϵİղ׷ʲôۼЩү˵ոֻǲϨ˵ƣҲŰǽͣȵ̻Ǹղŵ飬̻
ű˵Ǳµ仰׼һǳġ
ףϾộ˺ӵʱҲûٶըҩ̻Ĺ϶סˣһЩҲ㹻ĹҲǽеֶѹ
ȻҪðһЩ˵Ҳ൱ḻġ
˶һЦĬãһһߣܲǱйͶռˡ
УҳǶ˭ȰǸ׽
˵˸Էɢ
Ƕ濪ʼţڲذյ£ÿֵĸˣ˰ֹؼҪȻһѰҺۼ
ЩĹ˼ȻŰǣץˣȻҪǵģ˶ֵһػɢطˣרȥӦһֱţҲعˡΧ۽͵
Ҫֱࡣһʼ׼ȥǹ͸ֵģɴһ̯ȥϺһɤӣ˵Ǳ׼֣ͬдҲմմϲӽ£ҲȻ£ģ춫
ЩϳģɵģȻӶࡣ
-
ڰܰǱһˣĽֵϻãڰӰһͷôãڷ
԰Ҳãð̹⣡
ѽҲ
ȺʶԾǱҲһӣһ·ǵҲˡ
Ǳȭɲ̫ҽԺƳҩǴо·ϵģû뵽Ǽʶˡ
ĩճϺ󣬰쿴ҹͻᷢӨӨ̹⣬Ҳָ·ˡ
ܵһָǱ㣬ôǡʵһ룬ҧǱ˹ȥеֵǣ壡
ǱߵƫƧ˵طΪڲŵյǰ£˸ɱˣطǲ
-
ԱйԱİ취гİ취
ű졣
磬ƣⲼдɶ⣿ǲְŲѵӴҹš
ú͵ϸΧ˼ҶѹģҹУҲʶ֣óϸֻЩΪֲԽЩҹУʦԽֵӡ
˴µ˼·ϸ䣬ַҹУϿʱıʼǣڽһָǸǼ
һٲ֪ʱ£ҲΪǹա
ӵļ磬ɽϴԵˣڻûк˵
æҡͷûûУֻԶԶһۣƼƺֽд磬Ҳ֪ҵģҼԺã͸ɴ⼸ָġⲻҾˡЩ˿ҲǣǸҲǸģƼЩ˴ŵˣЩû͸ǽסǼǮۿء
һ߻䣬һ߲䣺ǵĿоҲˣ˵ֵֹġУмȣҺϱЩ˵ǰԼʵʵģǼƵġҾĵˣøһۡ
ŲϸԼҹУţжϵָļˡ
æ̧ͷɫʱˣǵˣ
ҡͷĹˡ
˹ٸˣͨõߣƾԼĲЩҲˡңͨ˾ǻǣЩ˵ãһֱɽϣסҲֻˣҲ֪ĥʲô
ɫ䣬ڶվԥһ˳ԱȫҲСȻҪײ׮£ҪҪҲŬһѡ
¶һĨЦݣϵܰ׬ˣҪ֪һĹ̽ӣֵӡ
һҪʮӣͨۻźһĶأٿ۵ãһҲܻܳӡ
һĹ̽ӹϹЩ˾ͲĿ෴Ӵ仰ҪǶ˵˶ܷڣɲԲҲҪЩ˸ץˡ
ӵ۾˲ˣеԥ֮Ժ󣬡磬Ҫô
һоԼҪһˣߣȥҼˣʱȥסҵˮãҵʱŴԣҲȥЩҩԿܲɺҩҩץ˵
-
ڶգ͵ſڵһĹ̽ӣ˵סʲôʱץסģ
ǵԼЪ˼ʱѣҲûȥܾáȻ֪Ĺ±֣û뵽ͱٶô죬һҹͽץˡ
۾ˣ棬ץһĴ壬Ŵץʮ
ˣôģĹ̽Ӿôˣ
ֹǾԽҲû֣η˾裬˼ֱ֣ȥʣĹ֣ôˡ
˵˵ȥǳûʶĿ
ƾ⼸֣һ·Ѱһһ򾡡
æӣ˸͹ȥ佱˺ü䡣
衵֪ϢʱѾǵڶʱ
𣬰˸ɴڴϣһûһ˵顣
Ĺ̲סˡۣ룬ǸĹʵڣ嶼ûþ͸ҿʼԽҲԼȥˣ
һš
Э˺ٵʱǰ
ӦһҲ֪ôȥ˺Ǿʹ򡣡
ҡҡλΣͼȥϴεϣһЭ˺ˣսǰˡ
һְֻȻļ磬ʾǰģҡ
ɺţȻ㻹оǲǼ

ͬʱڵС壬ʤҲľۼһ
˶ץ˻ɱˣһʱĹֲˣʱ϶ע⵽ĹһֱûֹͣСǽҪ˺Эˡ
ֵ˲٣ղһ֡
оʮʮϱ߾
ըҩٹȶѾ߾һ֡
й⣬Ȼ˲٣ǸĹϰ嵹Ǿ۲Ҳǹˡ
һϢվһżϤּһȫǼ衸ָʾżݽ˴ģ˵ԺǾʹжڣҲôΪŬڣӮ
Խüʮ꣬ѾǸ컻أٷϾˣյӱǰù౶һж졣
ǰϽڣԽпǿסĹĽ񻻳ǣҪ˷ˡ
ڳ˹һ裬λףɽ
ʷأ
Ԫһ£ۼ衳ǻɱ̰壬̾
Ԫһ£ԽĹǩЭ飬ԼΪֵܣ˫á
Ԫ˶£ۼ衾з䣬ŵƽʣΪ֮𾪡
Ԫ˶£Ĺ˺Э顣
Ԫ˶ʮ£ĹԽԽػ˫ʽս



91¡ δ·ܳ
ʱ䵱Ƕ֮
һ½һ¹, νæŲմء
μ˼ͱĻ񣬼Ҳ˼٣תͷͿʼ, , ȥӪʿ, Լܹʿ
زžٰ켰ûãʹҴж˺ױ, Ա߽, Ǳ͹ȥˣһһȥ뵱صĽ֮, ά߽ȡͱ漸ûôϢͶ˹
ʱڽŵдҴҷ, ȵԽĹһζ̱ӣǾ¡Ҳ۲¶, ˭֪Խţеڶһ·, 鱨
ڷԽԸǽǵİҲʼȴϢ
Խʤǻ˳ݵĶԽĹʤǻ˻ذڣɽ롣
Ͻ˥, ճʹ, ż衲ƻ, е, Ŭ衽ڱ߽ơ˵ϽǰҲ衽, һθΪ塣
ʱյûϢãҪ̫ҽһƣʱҲǶһ֪ʶô֪˲ݡҲԼ˳ᢾʤǧֻҪܴ¿߽սԲ֣ң֧žͺá
ϽһŨ裬һʴԸ˵ǲۣ̫ҽҲƹˣ¿ҪЪһЪ
̾һǾͼɡ
ϽּڿΣʹˣȴãͲĹǵԸҲܷͷͷǵֻĽִ٣ƺҪץʱ䣬еĻ߼衡
˵ƣҲΡ
ȵƳϣǵĶԻڸһ䣬ϽȻ󣬰վڵǰԶ
ס衵֣ڵ̫ҽԺԺ˵Ļ
ջĿ⣬ɢʱ
С˵Ͻ·ݱȥѾǾµס
ֻǣٶ׼Ҳⲻѹˡ
ºǸѰҹ̼ǵðһվʿſЦݷɱ£ʤˣ
׼ȷ˵ԽĹĵһν|ĹɱʮԽʤפسǽɢһֶ飬ŻһƬطĹľӵһƬ
˵һεʤķǺ˵ѪսϲãĹʿݼɡ
յϢʱϽѾˣɻǽǷսһһը|ҩõЧ߽гȣһжá
պʱϽЦš
ͬġ˰һεʤҲûʲôҪǵˡ
ֵϾأǷ˿޶ϳϽֶսɳȼ費Ҫһλ˹̳ǼҵĴУǷȴᣬֱӾܾˡ
Ƿ˵ʱұ£Ҫӡ˵ҪǼҶ׸£ǼҵĸۡһһޣҲΪУһ֣вٱղصҲѧϰҪ˵ЩѧǽǼҵĴУȻĺߣһѾҪˡ
ûǿֻǼ£˽Ͻһս̳ɱģｨɾУ󣬾ڴˡ
ȥ࣬óƺΪ̫ҲˣҴһ㣬дʣǰһöꡣҪϼһһԶˣҲѹĹҲӵˡٹ꣬ǻȪټЩ궼ЩΪΪĺ£Խʤ˶ٳ
衺Ͱǻ˳Ͻһ㣬ⳡ㲻϶ôʢŨأĳݹҲǼλΪԽڱ߽һӵϳ
ʷأϽǱһаܼй𢣬Ԫ˶ʮ£Ͻ䣬׷Ի䡣
ȵµһѩǷǰԽʤսڷǰȼ˵һºЩһŬҲ֪ǲǰʤԽȻΪɹĹǳأԽŤת˹ȥƣĹټɾӣҲÿԼж㹻ġ
ԽһаãףҪһĻʵˡǷ˵˵ţ̲סӯ
Ԫ˶ʮ£Ƿ˳ңӴ˲¡
ʹ
ͣһͣɨһݣüģӮһѣֻȱ֡ȱʳȱҪĹڣǾˡ
һԴ꣬ҲòǺִĳһ£ȴʮ꣬󻹷ˡ
ã߽֮ҲգԽڣ߾ԶԶһ㣬ս̫ڵĻûгãϣڱ޳ĪǸĹͷ
īݸһЦѾܲˣиĻ۾ͺˡ
ֻ֣ۣ񾩶ߞłڲ۶ʼǡ
ңõĹԱ̫ˣиۣиܸϣ˽ҲΪȱֵӡ
Խʧ٣Ĺʧࡣ
ѩ֮ʣ˫Ĭս֣Ͷ֣ϾҪĸĶ
ƽְ꣬ĹԽ̽
ʱڣССףһ˶ǹű߽
ֱʮµףغǱûҪٿĹռϢʤĿܣø׼
Ӿôʵƽֱʱ֣︴֮գݺɲݳ
˳дۣɹ̫Աߵʲôӣ
һ㶣Ǿݡ
ɨһܣпߵ죬Ҳˡ
ãȻ֪ôӻ
ڼҲҪ죬С˵ǰʮ½ӣλ֮ȥӡ
衺˸ʱ䣬ϸԽĹƣûдԽС˵еķչأƪλ൱
ʮԺ󻹻һλǣȵ֮ȥλǻˣλ֮/ŮͷӮ£ĹˡȻʤֻмʱ˺ﶼҪˡ
ֻߣ߶ʮºлӽǣĹ˲ǣǻһͳĹԽ
ȻֿԲߣϾӽҲûжʮлӽָ㷨
ջ˼һУҶӦϧ
ԺΣһգҪ֧Խһա
ΪһջʲôһᾭʲôΣգʵϣɰ糣
Ψһ⣬ŵʱ򣬼ǣ滳ˡ
ű棬СϲѶкˣ
һ侲ϲãҪһĶӣСջ֣Ӻͺӡ
ͻĺϢ˲üӵ˼ҲΪˣӱƽأδ̳˵ѡ
ʹͬˮһ͹ȥλ̫ҽÿվ͹ȥһΣ±ﲻҲ¹Ŵӳ⡣
ԱĻüˣ˺ӣҲֻǰЪһʱգ̥ԺȥͼֽƸ˾ˡ
ʮ»̥һ䡣
Уڵգء
ϦӭŲúϼƵİǡǷ˵״һҹ֮䣬＾ʹĻȫˣĲľʵĴһƵСӲǣš
ַˣ񼣣񼣰
衿ǰսȭͷСڻȻ룬ɲ񼣣ҪԣС˵õһĻǰλǣ֮Ů
֮ǰԼ衽λճûõСΪʼ뺣Լ¡
Ȼӻڻʹڼͱ߳󣬵ȵʵ䣬͸ʦʶͨ顣
㹻ȵзʵʱ򣬼衱̫ӣԽеϡ
衶ŰԼδԸ̲סЦü۸ᣬڴ
ֻЦӵڴʵԴڶδڴ
ǲʵôҪԣС˵Ҳ޷
ֻҪ֣㹻ŬսΪǡ
֮ǰ˶Ŭһʢһˡ
յ£衿ŵͼָϸϸĹĽ򣬿ʼδļƻ
࣬ҲۣдֽϣżͼһҪƾ
жٵҰδкܳ·Ҫߡ
ڣʤ˻ֳ̽ϵĸ⣬λڸΧԼ
ͱ湹˼һҪװǿľӣʱʱʵ鼸
ݸźӵھĺۼָŹ޸һطҪ˺һŮ࣬Ŭѧϰţ
֪ĵȺżСͽܳҽڸƣʱʱԼϼ¼һ
ңԶı߽غǱͽʿüսĥļᶨѪͱļƻ˼Ĺľ
صĴׯӭųϼջʳȫǷյϲã
صĴССʹԽ˵֣
ÿضԺҲʵĶееͣǵظĸŬȡĽ
ԽǷǡ
صˡ·ʰţհҵ˸𣬹ʶ¹ġ
úɽʤգ
ʢӽʼ

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лҪ˵
꣬һ¿ʼ


 ľǺɢ 

92¡һ ɱ38£
ش, ݺ֮ʣʹһ㱡ɴ
Դӻʹһλ󣬼衾ͷ, ֿʼճ
˵㵱֮, Ҳû㵱ôľ, ƽʱģƪϻֱӻȥ
ۼż衴ɹ, ٵɹ, ɹʤסˣܸж衶, ԽԽߵĹģҲܲⷱӵĹ
, һҪ飬趨, ǹĿɶһ¡
ȻؼҺʤ¸׵, ׵һˣ̫ͷʱַӦָű±˶㣬ǰɣ
ʤһĲ豭ֻû
̫Ц, 뵱, ˶ŵة, , һڸλɽ, °
ʤһӸ̣ȵҲûôڰһۣȵʱ۶Ҫ࣡
̫ڵڶ빬ż衵£ۿŹҪ꣬ҲҪʼˣѡüλ
һ£Žꡣ
̫̾һ³һ꣬ȷʵꡣ
ˣԽꡣ
ʼҹô磿衶ˣغǰ乬ȻûܹͳĻʼҽᣬ鶼͵ѧġ
ҲճС¶棬ѹû뵽ѧ¡
̫ʱ±ճ̣ȻձôȥСûʲôˣŮҪǲ·ҪеͯźֲСĶ֮ռֱңңڡ
£ν콫˹Ҳ̫ƽﲻ˵ѣһ˵Ҳܴż߶û꣬ͼպҪص㿴λԺʣȻܷˣӦôץ
ʵڵĶˣҪǹλݡ
ۼ˵˱£ֵ̫ʲõ£⳼Ϊ̫ϣȴҲΪɣȲùùͨһЩ׼
˼һÿУֽͱ棬̫Ļתǡ
ϣ˺ܿͬˣο衣СӶҪѧģأһѧԱҲһ
̫ͷ¹ĸĸ಻壬ΪӺ
һûֵ̫꣬Ϊɣʼҹֻгһλʦг黭Ϊ̵ҵ
衣
ȻûмһĻѾԤ뵽СδжٵĿγ̡
̫˵һûٶ˵˳һְλĵʷӼٵҽҩһʦĿγ̵˵ǰ̫˹ÿʱҪѧʲôܣֻҪռɡ
գٰһС;ۻᣬרŰһЩ顣
ˣһʦڿεʱһЩԾĶһֳˣ޶衶һء
һӰ첻Ӱ칫ԸˣҲѡ
س°ͣҽ壿
ǱԼʱ䣬ͷʵҲԽ̹ű󡣡
ȺҲȲ˼ţһЩĹûʱѧҿԽ̹һҩ˿ڰֹѪ
ҽ鷨ɣϲþС
ۼʣµ˶ˣ˼죬ҿԸһԽ񾩶Ļͼнɸģ͹ÿһĽôôһĶǡ
ͱһۣ˺ܾãǾȽһϸֿһЩСߡ
ţСߣɱ϶ûըҩôǿҲֻܷˡ
ۼɵĶˣʤεУҵʱȥʷ
Ҳ˵ˣǿ衡
ŵĵһָͣԼŵҲҪ̣
˶ʱ壬ѵÿ衳Ա񣬡ôȻҪ̹
Ҫ̾һ̣ܲ͵ɣ
һ£ܸоԼĶ̫У˲ˣӵܡ
±ǫ飬̵ʲôԹҪкôġʤֲ´Աֻ
Цһһ⣬Ҫҽʵۣ
ĥһСĥһ
С
ʤ
ˣ
Ψа治ɫĲЦŵҾÿԡ
̾ǻʺȻÿԡ
Ͼ²ôڳڰ
ǳûùġ
ȥ꣬һʱ½½ʮλɣɹ󹬣һʱ󹬱èèɺ׽һֻģֻÿİþǴڼĸߣСʺݵȻֻһų
ճҲͰˣֻĻرǳ˭һߥŸӷɵԱߣÿ˼
ֻ꣬ٵǳеĺףΪˣҹۣʤ£˵乫ôȰ°ֻܹܡ
ǣʤ˳Ϻ
ľųɹԱΪ˷Ϻһ
˵Ԫ꣬˵³ɹ
һݡʱĪðһӣȻˣ˰ƣȻʩȥȻУ˭ù衵У˭ҪæµѪ
ȺеĲ豭⼸꣬ҩõҩһķ纮ҩ֮⣬ͺҩˡ
ò˵һ֮ƶҽʦоЧͺҷֹһνǾӹΰ
һһּЩġ¡ֱСڰѼ衽ȳ
ԱСҸĹȵʱΪô
棬Сȡԡ١ȡԡпգκ硱
СգۣðҳˣҪȥΧйңҪ
˶δϵЦһ仰δһеġ

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лҪ˵
ҪCPңҶ˻иɱдһûд꣨нӵ38˵ĿȥһҲӰĶ⣩
ٴǿɱңȨ
ԤϣʱǼôˣͶƱʱ򣬴Ҷࡣ
Ʊ٣ҲɢɢƱڼԵϣΪ˲˰ܳƱ˶ɴͶ˱ˣͶȥ˵ƱǼ衺ͰԼͶȥġ
ʲָԼΪʲôͶң
κڷԵʱû취ͣҲῪ˵
ַֻܱһ飬ҿ泡⣬ˣŹ˽ȰƳȥϾҲҡ
˵ûסЦ
ӣʱ䵽
ٳĬ룬˿ѡԼŶӣҽɫƻŶתӪ˵ŶǣŶӵ˶ĬϵΪơŶǺˣŶӵĬϵΪƻ򲹳Ϊơ
򲹳ˣұۣۣѡǵɱ˶󡣡
ŮۣһƿҩҩˣҪҪʹöҩ𣿡
Ⱥֻʣ½ҩűָһˣΪƽĿԸǵͷ
ٵͷŮۡ
ٵԤԼۡ
ٿۣһ飬ѡݵĶ󡣡
ԥΣѡݡ
ٱȻһµƣԤԼۡ
üˣ
٣ۡҪػ˭
ֲۣظػͬһˣָԼ
ٵۡ
ˣƽҹҷԣմ˳ʱ뷽򡣡
ȳ޷ٿڣ¶һĨЦ⣬ûΪʲôͶΪ㲻˳ۣҪɡ
˫ĿҪվһѰ߲Ҫԡ
˵ʣ̹ˣɣڶˣŮҩҲˣԤԼҲˣվӰɣӦӮġ
ʤٴɨ˼һۣұ㣬ѾվӵĶֺһͶƱˣʱȲ㣬ҲпǲǣҪôŶӣҪôݣȲ㡣
˵ǿܲţҺͼ࣬Һͼ඼ǺˣȻҲҾôݲҪ֪˭ˣڳҲ˰ɣ
ͷȷʵˡǲվһ·Ҫų˵ݣֻҪԤԼҺŮҲվҲͽ죬˾Ϳȫˡ
üݣԤԼңһҲǱǸˣڶҲ㣬ҲǺˣԸҵŶ𣿡
Ϲ࣬
ҪǿԼĵƣҪ˼衵аվҲϾλֵ˵ʱѸٵȫʱûеڶԤԼҲԼĵƣˮȽˡ
Ǳ״ʱȳˣŵͷ
һ˼衣ӿĵһҾ֪Ҫػˡ
ȺŮףҾһˣоƽ񣬿ųһ˵ݡ
ڳ˽Ŀ⿴һߵĹˡ
Ĺһ㶣ûԩҲǺˣĺˣŶԣԤԼңһҲߵʣʵʵĺˣڶҲǸˣǸҲǺˡڼ衣ǿ϶ˡ
˵һһʾɡ
Ǳųˡɣ
ˣһˣһŮ׷ˮôôɣ
ǰ߼ǿӲŰⲻñըˣ
̾ѡͶĶѡŶӼ졣
ȻǸĹ˵ƱߣͶ˳ȥ
Ӻ󣬷Ϸʤ
ʤţƽˣ
ֻЦĳ˲ԳƱ񣿡
ʤһŰ׳ơ
ǱԴŶԭǸ׳հ
ټʤǿڹʾǣûˡ
߾֣ˣȻҲʤ
ʤ
ˣ
৿衡
̯֣ʵѾѡǲǽŶӵģȻôȺ


93¡С˵磬һѺз ʮºĹ
Ƕƽһ, ѩڡϣڿӣֲָ
ԱŹǷȥŵ, ˳Ժͼһһ, ѳȥȺȲ, еһжƽܰ
ٽʱûɢ, Ǳǵξ
еĲ, ʮ˵ͷѻףƣҲΪƾ, ٴ콲ǰĹ£µĿýζ
׼һԾ, ı֤ȷ䣬׼Ӧնָ̫, ȴΪ
ԩԩһҵ˾㶼, ˴Ҫ£˵׼Ҳ飬ǰҵĮޱȣϵı޶ݡ
ʼգûܼһ棬Ҳ˵ԩ
, ׼˼һ, СǸ, ȴ·ʧɢˡ
תת, ʮº, Ǳʹͼȥİ׼ҷݱֺ󲻵òλϺ˵ȥ˱߽
Ժ󣬱Ǻüѩ˪
ʹ鲢޶⣬þ乬Ķӱһٺϳʹ䣬͵ĹףͼԴ޺ϵ乬û˸֣һλŮҽΪҽȵ۲ʾһֻˣһλճ˲зϡһλݱ٣ķӶû𲨼
ԽԽŹ֣ʵȥ̫ӼλʤΪ٣౻ѹǷȥ
̫ӼλҪ޹ҪʹңҪٽɮΪҪո˰ΪûǮ
İԽԽľֱգǻ̫ҪüҵĹŮ빬ҹﲻӣͷʹ˳Ϊ
һλۼһЩԶ뾩ȥ˽ϡ
̫ӱУò׹˰ĶֱѰأ±ع͢ӵųµĻʵۡ
һоʹ˽ҿĻ
˲ͷô飬ֱʵӾλǰӹ֮ܵ
˵Ȼ̾ʷۣȷʵˡ
˵Цλӱѹǰʮأһȴһɳ죬ʵǳϡ
û˿
ֲʶһʶϳ
˵Ҫ˰ĹԱȴ˵ûǮˣȴ֪ǮֻܼŸ˰಻ӣ
˵ҪѧڿһԺ󣬲ζҡͷ̾ѣʧ
˵Ҫûʵۣƺͬһݣ֪˭Ҳ֪˭ÿ˵ĻﶼΪƺҲûʲôӾˣҲʧ˴֮¡
û̫ӹҲʮܡ
Ȼ󣬺֡ˮ߽
һжطصʵȣطҲǸѱֻ˵һλҽŮ¸ߣڴʱͦҽ˲ˣϧûҩˣƬĽͬеߵһᡣ
ĹϮԽҡ
ɽһӾͱ任ģ
ңƪϣվӢ۵ġ
߽һλϵˣϽ󣬲֪ô£óǼҵӣӭԽλ׹ػԽһһ䣬ȻͻҲǿס˾ƣûĹľӱϡ
һжִ̫٣վһ֧ǧ˵ĶС˾ͻȻϮ
ȻŽգڳжĴߴ£ӻԥҪҪ뿪ҪҪȱȫԼ
أĿǽ´˼˵ͣˣɴߴٵ˵
ιȥˣ˵˳̾һƺ˸ڵ顣
ʵֱЯųжӱҲûˣԭؾһɵۣòֳһͻʵۣķֱӿ룬ճ׻ȻܵԹֱ
־ͳսбɱһĹĺֻõ˻ֲ䣬ڽ˿һӣڴ֮ǰѾ˾ΧʮׯӶʳ
ϳ׷ױţʱλѾҵĹָӣ׹ƣҹвֲǽ裬ǧؾ£סĹһ˵ĽҲһֱۡ
ֻͿ˶ҩҵĹûܵҽʹ档
Ԯˣʤ
ҴҴϸϻϵϵǵصҲǳеѾķ࣬˫¼ֲòΪľǱλڵĻʵۡ
һж̫ˣǰĿ꣬ؼɢۼҵĳһҹͷʤɣʵأʲôΪʲôҪܣؼҾΪǰһĻ
״ںţһ˾˷죬˵ҪԽĹ֣ڶҲƶֻǵͷĿһԷޣȴһȳӣһݡ
¶ôѣŵҪ
߽򿪵ĿԽԽȱ⣬Ҳǵð߽һҲȥԽصĹӣɸ˺
ĹľȻ޼ɵÿһرɱˡʳǵĹֻɱԽ˺µǲŲᷴ
ԽҲǲò
ӿããһƬڳ򣬽бľɢȥǰȥΧֻһ˵ĹҲãȥ֧Ԯ߽Ҳãˡ
һɱ˳ж
һж̫ˡ
ӵǻĳһ죬ӱλ̶ɱϾѾûʲôˣƸڡ
ڴ֮ʤڰУѾûϢҲڱ߽̣ʹȥֻʿ䣬ڿɱĹʿδȵԮ߶
ڱ߽Σյһս٣ʮĹľѾִ߾ųǡ
ߣźһ𣬡ϵϧݵ˵Ķӣ߰ˣҾȥ㣬㲻Ҫҡ
ݵĹ̾⺢Ĳʱ򡣡
ϵ˱nf⺢Һܸˡ
һƿĿ⣬һЩûϽߣʱ䲻ˣ
˷֣Цһ£һ·Сġ
պųǳس׷ٻ٣λ˴һճӶԱĹʮͬھ
֮䣬Զȱһǵ
ݵĹﱻ˺ͼغƭ뿪Ӿˣڷ˼ųҲûŴʲôҲû˵ֻҲûûдŹÿɺúóԷתһȦżĬųǵķ
ʱ򣬻ݵĹڿˣżص֣ƭңƭң˵ҵģ
ز֪˵ʲôֻܺۿס֣ٳһţӻû
ʱ󣬺ˡ
ݵĹҲۣȥλݵˣŭƭˣҲǻ¹ȥ飬һԶķޡ
Ӣĩ·֧žƵһ£ҲΪƬĴȡ㹻ʱ䡣
µĿӲᣬҲɻʵǶԷΪʲôûǺ˭أҲ֪ǺΡ
ǸңվڽŮһװԼĪʮͣ˵ǶԣֻҪûˣҲ㹻ˡҹùãҲǼأҲʮʱȥˣսϡһҲ˵Ը½³
ˣҵ㲻ϺãҲҵսϣҲ־֮ʿӹΣ縺ɽ𢣬ա
Ա˴󾪣ϳŮӵݣ£
ŮĿɱϢڸּͣע⿴޷֡
Աߵ˷׷׹˵˵Ķһġ
ŮҲĮɨ˵һۣ룬վʲôû˵ֱתȥֻȻ̾ϢڸղŵĹ
λ֮ôƱӳŶԣãһõסޣǡײˡԱߵɻʵ
˵˿ԶˣûУϾ˭Ҳ֪λ˶صҩʱʱҩҲȱһҩҲǲܣǶѲƱȥģȻλ̶ˡ
µ˷׷ɢ˵Žյͭ͹ȥĻܣƹһþƣȻ¿ǰɽĹǰƻ¡
֪˭ֽǮĴƮ˵ڷǰĻĲУˡ
ֻˣȥĹˣһҲˡ
Լһƣֽʣµľ˷ǰ˵Լļš
֮ûʷϵӢҲֻʣ
ΨɽȾɫ
Ȼ䣬һ괺ˡ

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лҪ˵
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ȸCPһ飬˵ɵˣעһ
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