±رС˵ַwww.27txt.La
ÿ£ϲȥ
Դ磬24Сʱɾ 
    ֮۹ߣ

    İ
    ABO
    ա
    ĵһ򣬾׼δĴȣܲȥ
    ˶Ϊӻõλ
    ֻй֪ǻģǾŹ¡
    ĿǰǸQֶܺӣǷཱུСȣʮĹα֡
ˣܼ֤δǸڵͯʷҲǼܾʷ¶
    **
    ŵ´ŹڵϵŮˣĮȻ:ȥɣҲ뿴㡣
    ԥƬ̧̣ͷֵһ֣޺޵:С£˯ǰһ飬²Ϊ
    ŵ:(RQ)/~

    լ1V1ģaboϢط趨ǳaboģ趨򵥣Եֱͨʳá

    ҪյĿ
    漰ABOᱳ
    A B OֱָAlphaBetaOmega֡
    AlphaΪ߼֡
    ӵǿָͨΪ쵼ߣԽĹѪͳɱǶOmega
    BetaΪͨ֡
    мĹߣʵ͵ǣֻͨBeta
    OmegaΪϡٵ֡
    һ˵ǲܴκͶȴֵAlphaֻ֣ܽһAlphaıǡ

ݱǩ   
ؼ֣ǣϣ£־ţ  ǣϣ橣Ҷţ  

Ʊ༭Ƽ
    գĵһ򣬾׼δĴȣܲȥ˶Ϊӻõλֻй֪ǻģǾŹ¡ĿǰǸQֶܺӣǷཱུСȣʮĹα֡ˣܼ֤δǸڵͯʷҲǼܾʷ¶ŵ´ŹڵϵŮˣĮȻ:ȥɣҲ뿴㡣ԥƬ̧̣ͷֵһ֣޺޵:С£˯ǰһ飬²ΪŵſСָ첲Ҫԣ
    趨լģȡˣ˧ˬ꾡ĳܹʵʷںϵ趨ָ¸ȤĻҹߣ΢Ļ⣬Ϊ֮÷飬ɾ˱˴峺ů


1

ʮ꣬˪
ҹһ꣬Ũˡ
ϰױ̨ǰĵСԲʣ鵽ԷϵĴ£һ˫СʷŴأϵӣŹǴ˨
΢΢ǣ̧Сֲ˨Ϣһʹƿһķڡ
һµζ˱ǶЮ͸磬ɲǹڣϸ·ıԺ
ϱۣ̰ĴڴںŷĻζխСӭͦ
ҪʲôʯһӳæϴͷͱϣŻ̿¯Եİϣ׸ůˣɲ֣ܺ
СԴˮĺӺһ͸ۺˣֱֱʯգ˫ۣ޺ȣĿڵ̿¯յͷΡ
ʯԵͷ˿¯ﻹž̿һԵȣѺȣüͷԹָ̼ĳģԺ͸ҲͰˣȻ۸Сͷϣүһ˳ˣѿⷿȺƵūƤˣ
ֱЦƵĽ˾䣺ġ
ʯһͼˣʳָŵĿ˿⣬ͷŹĲ£Ļ뻰ɲܽз
ʼ磬СһߣЦ˫۱ʾԼԹԺġ
ʯ䣬һҵķ磬͸ɴ֨֨ģ綼ûܵסһɺ⡣
ϼæץסٴһڷ
Ű
ʯȴæվڣסСС壬Ļţ磬к޺޵ֹǰԺᶼַһֶүʹ˹
̲סЦ²ޣͷ˻ǰһصͷϣүԶǶԵġ
˵ӾԶǶԵġ
ϵĸϮӾĸŮжǴѪͳļӾǴֵļ̬BǾǱĴ󻧡
㶼ϵȴֻһŮʹүЩƫ̻ڼеδ￹⡣
һ˼᷿ĸŮͬЩó
ǰĳĻ룬ӾBĳƺҲˣ˳оλѪͳĹalphaomegaƽиνbeta
ĳһλalphaǰ츳սּomegaǰϢּ
Խ߼omegaֹalphaϳʵĺڵϢأҲԽalphaԼٽϡ
ԭһЩøУΪûĳ㣬Ѿλֳ˹ӾȣΪBؾƽ
ô˷ֳŵȣµū޷
͵ȵūڰûڼУһ˾λϵĹǣǵִĽݽ档
ŷĻԽĳ󣬹ϲŵ֪ԭûиԲ˲Ҳַּalphaomegaֳsabcdȼĳֵøϸ¡
ֻˣϻ֪һܡ
ĳһεǱŷ׵ǸǸѪssalphaңǸŮalpha
û˫sŮalpha
ϵӾ磬ǸbalphaѾǿԸӣԣ˫salphaǸĴڡ
ҵĶ㶼omegaĿǰƽƽĬBȻƫĶĶȲ϶ġ
ûǴѾһṳ̂Ĵˣǲϡֻ׵ѻ
ҵĶʱϵġѡתתְЩƷӸ
ϴںЩʵĲϣΪԽ⸱䣬ΪЩݳƷ
·һĲúÿ˵ÿ͹ˡ
ܶÿŵĸǴ
ػһŷ֣ʹ㹻ǿҲ޷ֿе̰ʳܣ
ÿοǰС⣬˹˵ţ쭳ĿˮֱӰѾͷɳȥ
ŮǬBѪͳȴƫĹ⻷£ֹһȣ
֪˵ķּúҪھչˣͶ㼴ֳĸ£
¡
aomegaǸ˵ĸߵomega˵ǻרˡ
ǵãڵõ󣬼ἸȾʪǰ
Ҫ֪ϵȥ죬װģ޺˰գû¹һᡣ
ⱲӣٲϱaomegaĹ⻷Թ԰ľսĶӰԱ꣬ŵȵ죬ĵĲμӵȼ
Ѿ֪˽Ǹsomega˦acСӣʮ֡
еСȵģһԵʯҲźЦֽЩƵϸ÷Цʲôأ
ŻعŤͷʯ񣬸ջδĳ־ɲǼ䱻ϴһա
ǰźѾͷٹ£ҪȥԺȱˣʱһʹ
ʱ̫ԶֻԼǵãʯǰ³µġ
ʱ꣬ػһѾȫһһ⡢߳ŮһУ˵ȫµġ
ʯΪʲôܷأ
ϼǲˣǳ˵ʯǸѾͷΪĸŮ͵
ʱȻҲ׵һᣬ˵ʵֻĸ׶ƸУĵȴΪʯŮѹϾŮǰļ䣬ģˡ
ȻػһǸûûεͯʯĺãȫǿ⸮һżֺõ͸ϧʯݺޱҳϡ
ԣҪĵһ£Ǳסʯ
ҲԼĵһο飬һŮ˶޷ŤתôĻᣬʲôأ
иľģûвΪӪ΢ֶ֪ΣػһҲͽ͡
ʯ˿ֱ̻㶶ͼСŮ޵һ˫ˮཱུۣСȭͷʲôġ
۵Сһϳɵı飬Գһָ⻬̬ʯ쿩Ц
Żع΢ִٵʣﻹûǰԺЩ˾ʲôˣô
ʯԾЦһĻش𣺡Ǵ㹬ѡ٣뿴۸λB
ѡ٣һ㶣ʵôҼͣ
ʯһСʲôЦģϵСͷ˵ǷʲôôŮȥҵĲֲŮƣ
ɫһԽ㣬û뵽ôͿʼѰĺˡ
ĸ׵˼Ҳ˽⣬һܼ޸ŵԵ˼ңྴί
Ϻǰ֮أĳ룬ǰĿǰǴĴӡ
һųʹѾԤ֪δҲδԿ˵Ŀܡ
ԣýøڶ֮ǰǸҪˣǰ

2

ɼ׿رܣҲֻѰ빬Ļᡣ
ԺȻͯЦùϲϸǶԺֵǣվ۰ͰͳʯʾԼҪ档
ʯεһ죬嵽ԣͷBɱȲЩĺӡ
ĺӣ˵ЩƽĺӣҲЩϸߵȵƽݲʹӸһȣԹүеʸûУһɳơү
ӳŮԺѰ֡
ԣҲ˹¼ҹˡûλò棬оλĶר档
ֻóڷ⣬ֵС첲źƵһһڡ
ԭֻźʿõ÷ŵĹ޿̣ʹɱʯһƲ죬ᣬֱת
ʯʱȵͶ˽ֱúúãʹһȦòãޣԣ
˵ô޹ƵأűŤҲ˲࣬ſֻС֣ʯޡ
ʯż³˼ɫԽ񣬽ϰնյСӹʵ
ŷñ˶Ŵߵһкɤݣ϶
Ǵڱڵкеɤɳдһһ֪ǰԺĶݷɡ
ʯһ٣ͷ˵ݣæ˰ϵ¯ǶˣѡǵҪö
˵ͱ߳š
ϲɰ̾ʯͣҪŶ꺢ͯǣȻί
ʯǸ׵˵ҪȫҲǼɵ¶
ճţͼݷڲԶĴţ°׵߽ۣϵīɫƴһбڴߣͷЦӯӯ˵üĿ忡ɫ
ϱʯߵǰԶ˸񣬾ͼЦۣһ֣ʾϵȥ
ݷϸ·ʮꡣ
ͬĸϵȴʮǣĳ谮Ҳģԭж
һֻйϺ͹BѪһϻұˣΪӹٽ
ϵڣȻôö˳ۡ
Σ÷۵ݿˣּ񵭣˳֮ǵöù欣۰
ȴ޵Ҳһ̫ΪĸֳһͬʣŵȡԮձ欱Ͼ·
ǹݷݱĳ谮˹ϵģʼնûֺȴˡ
ԭΪһԼٲ̻¶ְ֮飬ȴ룬ټĵһۣϵ;ˡ
ʯĲӱͷҧ´ȴ䣬ϲĺͯʱеģ
ݷɫһˮ޷ʵüĿȾһ˿޴뾪ţæʯнӹϣڻĺ塣
߳࣬ȴݵüǡ
һĹϣһѹͷڻߣƬ̣ⶼۣæסᣬýⲻ׸ͣ¶ġ
ΪһalphaݷԶ޷ϵʹࡣ
һϾѾܹԼ⸱һӡ
˵Bĳ˵omega߼ıɷ
ѡԸսɳalphaҲԶ˵ػ档
ǸͨbetaҲܿԼͶ׳һƬ졣
ƫƫһBһֻalphaomega
ǰҲԸˣ־Ѫ׵ıѡ
ûһ˿˵ͷ
ȴԼĴٲһ㽫ԼͼδĿɽӡ
ػһεĻᣬΪףҲҪֶһ
ݷɿŹϿ޵÷˫ۣüö˶˵ֿ޳Ƕղˣ
ʯϻڷ㶣æЦǸ˯ջ˳ء
ݷһüĿʯʣ϶˵ˣ
ԲЦŵĹάҪ۸
ΪһСֶգֻԵģĿ˯ǰ磿
ûͲˡ
ȹݷ׷ʣԶʹݵԹʲôأˣҾͻˣ
ŤͷȥͼԺӶߵͤ£͸ɡŵĶ欣˿üѾһţĿŭ
һԻмֵܣΨΨŵŵһţܿԶⱻŭ꼰
欽꣬ѾӤʣԳõΣһҲ˳ԣ֮ϣģ崿
ݷЦ˲ǣŹȥͤ¡
С˼Сӵ룬ֽĽӴ򿪣ȡһµСУһһ̯ͤеʯϡ
ʯǰҲʯߣֻԶԶվţŲӺĴȻҪλBֵ꣬ǡ
СڵĴ˾µСӣ¶˫ȣԼµޣ˵ϲѰõ
Ϻ͹欶۾һļͯҲ¶Ȳɫ
һ۱ĺǱӻƵʵĵȣȴҲֻ֨͵ȥƹ欵Ķ
߸ձʯͷòѾͷţԼֻľһһȥٳûѡϬ̧ͷʯﱧŵĹϡ
ɶۣϼæͷȥ
ЦеûУ
֪СӾ͵ѡıأֵСָ֣˸׵ȵҪ
۾һһץָǱȣɣҲˡ
ȹ˵ϾЦȻɽѰһˡ
ڹ欲꣬ҲС壬
ûпֵ˼欷ʧ£ǰǸ챻۸ÿֵãһĪ࣬¶˳ͻʵƽ
ϳɹȡǱӣһ곤͸̲ס޵ӻƵ棬۵أ
üͷһ˵һɾͻˡ
ȻһԸҪݵĹͣסţϸϸԼȣֿģЦˣеģҲ޷
䣬ȹͬ⣬欼ǰ־Ҫȡ
ϱܵһ㣬ȻȻЩջȴҲܺӼƽϣϾĿǰĵ㣬ֵүǰˡ
ɻعʱѾľٶŭˣһԴŵĹݷɺ磬쿴ð
ϼֱ챻ˣ˵ʲô㣬ԵҲ㡣
ʱ䣬ŤͷݷɣϵЩ棬վһߣ
ľף綼Ź欣ϹۣҲԹñ˿Ӻˡ

3

ֵʱ̣ͷƫ磬ȵ˿ͥԺ֮䣬̵ùۣĬȻűĹݷɡ
ݷɱֹ֮гЩոе񣬺ԼҶһæͷѰͼŽţʯϵС첲ק
źƵС󣬿ɼľͱˡ
欶ݷǰһҪᱧԾסϣݷüʱȼŭɫü֣
Ӧү磬˵Ǹãǰ׸磬Ҳͷ
ҲǹݷʱƫϵԵɡ
Ҳֻ۰Ͱ͵ĶԹݷͶȥĿ⣬̽ͬĸĸ磬мġ
ڹݷɱֻϸ־ͽ欵СָǿվȥһԣŹϡ
Ƶﹰʱ㷦ˡ
ʶԼ׸ֵ࣬ŰȺᵽݷǰίʵ˵ҪģռǰѺ棬ϲ
ϱôö֮ĵߵڰˣΪԼ壬ȴѾ˵ýԼе㣬ѽܣ÷ڣ
һΪһ̸֮飬ȴϹݷɲȫ˿̾棬⣡
õع͵һ˦֣ڵأ
ݷɵ׻ǸëͷСӣõĿƫͣһʱֽţæ欽Ѿͷţϵȣߵϸǰ޴ʵȻ϶ȣɻԸ㽻
¶ҪͬһˣҪ˶پѡ
Ատڲ漴ʩչװίཱུСԴ£˫ۣȽڻǲ֮⣬Сҧŷ۵´ˮĴ۾⣬Ľëʪ
ίСģ֮欵Ŀ֣ɱ˲䳬ʮѸݷɿĿھʹ˲˰죬϶ԣ϶ޣϲǾͲ˰
죬̧СһĨᣬԶһִǿ΢Цٴ׼ȷߣӰ˳ûˡ
Ĺ欱߿ޱ߲עзһһۼ类̵ס˿ѾͷľѣС˾ʲôѾͷͱԹݷɶˡ
ĵѾͷҪѰȱˣæӵݸݷɣ磬ӻ㻻˰գɫǱҲϲġ
ݷȴѾϢˣԴ˾䡰϶ԡȴίȥȡ
ϱֻԹݷɵ⣬ΪӸǰֽһƵƿҲͰˣϲĸί
ҽһսѾ˸ȫʤ
Ҫɣ˶پĿǰԣ͹һˮ˵ƽЩƫ
Ҳùöӣ˳ǰҲûٸݷ衣
֪alphaǳռǿ欲ִ֪磬δȢ޵alphaĸҺǸomegaҲѻա
սƷȣ˶ԱǰԺֵǣһȥƫԲ㡣
ƽûٱ۸˶ĳﶼԼϣĿ÷Ź次̶顱Ĳ״һƬˬ泩
ƽڼҾƣѵһձǹ°㶺֣һʱҲ硣
Цвʱ£տգʱѱϼȾһƬȻƣҲЩˡ
ݷɿѾʯкøǡ
ڴʱű̡顱ƿһٵĽŲڵĳš
Ѿͷү
һ⣬̧ܵקסݷɵ½ǣŵĿ
ݷɴæ½󣬰ĹϵС֡
үƹ磬̤ƫﻹŸӿŮͯǹ˭
Ȼȥȱˡ
Ϻܿү˵ƫ̻欣ȴҲܰ棬ŭգ˳˹欵ߵڰ׵ĸ״
ֻһ˵ʵ飬֤˶ֳͲţүܵߵǷǳʹ
ү
ѾͷǶԹү׸򸣣ʱס
ײ£̧СԴŴŴĽϻ¶ϲ֮ɫװ֪ΪζֻѸԸ׵˼֮飬ȫ̻¶ϡ
÷ڵĹүʱһ룬뵽Լղ̽Ů֮Ӳݰ賤
үй࣬ģѽ֮꣬ǸϮӾּ˾һʲĿߵĶĿ
һҾʵ÷׿ԽҲȢλBΪޣɸͬΪBѪͳŮΪ檡
ĸ֣ҲֻлʼУþвѫʵۺ졣
ϵĳ࣬Фƹĺӣȴ̳ʵĹ˳衣
ǰʲôӣүܿĿ⣬һǻŭͷһԹĹݷͷϡ
˶ǻְ̿գװ»ĸֵѡϺõĹƷİ컵£λBִ¿ɵôˡ
գ˫ȣͬһݷɴ
޶ۣಢָݷɱǼǳ⣺ΪβͬǺƽ֣
ݷпԣ˫ȣȫʮһһͬ棬ֲõ淴үѵ⣬ֻܵͷϴ
үŻŵİŮ棬ѸݷѵӣһеĵͷȥǷ˳ˡ
ۼŹһ˫ƵͫʼպԩŹϣү֪ûϡֻ࣬ðĹϳ϶
ˡ
ϱʯµأԴһǰŲﰵ欽վ׷ŹңֵȫһɴѾͷ֣ҵϴɾͳ׶ˡ
ⷿЩۣĸŮƽ²ϡ´ɴҪʹӴ㡣
ϵǸŮˣϴ˷ٱүһѵ⣬ܼҵĶҶԺӿɾԽùˡ
ԽԽΪյĳ嶯ڣףۣ߱͵үɫ
࿴ôնյСޣˮĴ۾Щ죬η񣬸ݲ
ȵվǰĻһתº͵ѯʵ϶ɣ֪֮պιʷǶ
һ𣬴ʱĹ࣬û˺
һ֮վڶŮһߣҲΪһͬվ˴ӵĶӡ
ϵ⣬ҲȡùҲվԼһͷʹַ֮ҲҪκι̫Ҳֻʹ䱣
뵽㣬ϵ˼̻ˡ
ʱδ欣ƫ̻붼￴ģĵδؾȫûɿ˵Ů
ǰϰҵļӲ裬ҲѧԸĵĹү̬ȹѵ
֪˻ȻĹ
ôǣҲȵԼʵЩڽ£ʸ¸͡Ŀ޳
ϵĿ欵ϣѾͷʱſЦ
ۿ̶Ϸʣ͵ȼеĶ־

4

Ƴүվŵ֣ҵ֣ǰںԺ԰Źϵ棬Ķϳһ
аЦ˿ĺʱʱ־ƿ˼
үĪͻȻˣͣڼⲻǰЩͣߴٵôˣˣ
еȴ¶̿ԥɫСֹһʲôڳŲӣȴû壬Ժĵȴ͡
Ǹձòһ㸸ܿ챻ĥˣʱӴɤڳƽն¼Ա̬ȣ˵ʲôվ
ϼ˶ѾԼϣ΢΢̧ͷۿȴĻش𣺡϶ҹȥŵʱ϶ǲܿġ
һ۵ͯһãȻ˵ĺͯô˱΢뷨
ֻйүվŵǸӰͷ顣
Իϳ壬üʵô̵ģ
˵ġҡҡͷһĿһԵ֣شҼڳرι㣬Ҳȥһ棬־סңҪһԼȥ˵үжʱûʲô¡
һ㶣عŤͷһԵ֣ǳ
ͨһڵأĸ
һ˾ҶԸϵĵլB˲ȻҲΪүƽյ
ôûûΡ˵ụ̆ȥҷá
𾪵Ŀֱϳȥ
û뵽Լ׵ȱȴõǹʹԼҵһԱĸʱǺ죬§סĲһɤӺҪס
һŽྪѣʱһæĿڣ̽ȹؽַá
ϿףãǲˣԭҲûָΪˣųɫҲ׳һҲͼװүһ
ү˿ʵھŮҲûĹ͵һѾͷٲߵϵǰȰ˵ҪЩ˵ߥޣǵĵŮӾСBκʱ򶼿Թҵ֪𣿡
̧ͷŶǰˡ
ЦˣŸЦۿǺģһаЦտˮ
Ķˣ漴ϥأſ˫۵
һ˲ԥûУͨһײĻͷƵĹס֡
ûιŮ仹ףȴһ㣬ճˣƽԸ߰δ¶Ŀ
һģ۵ùӵ鶪ȥצ۹
һѾͷŵĹ欼ֱɵˣȻǸСƨҲԼãһǧһһһۿޣֱ߳ʮλʱ޴
౧ϣ۳Ŀڵ簲ˣ¸´欶һȥׯϹֶܸȥҪʲôѣҪǵǰȥ
˫ۿ࣬ˡ
ȥϷׯϹֻСġǰӳϷׯмĶض֪ͻȻõȥׯϹġʸ񡱣һʱҲЩɵ
ܿ侲Ҳϲĸл࣬һ¶ѯʣׯʲôѽ
һʣּүθУΪϴûȥׯͬĬBĸҹÿ꿿̿ģ
ɹתͨˣҪֹֻ֣ܹϵϣǸ䲻ǿ߰Ůˡ
ﻹûʱҲϰмӣ΢겻ȥׯ϶ȹأ
ƫƫŮ಻ɳӣԴ븮֮󣬾˵ʲôһһȥׯӹԸԼñڸҪ¡
εȾȻϲýȢӡ
һ֮£˿˵˾䡰㡱Ӵ˲ȥׯϹ
ȫϺ󣬹ҲܶˣǳЦŶԹϽȥׯӵԭ֪ܵļ˾䣬ǰﲻһȥصһ˵
һæʵҲһȥ𣿡
΢΢üҪԸ
Ҫһ𡣡նĿڡ
ʲôЦׯʹȫʶ⼸꣬ѾƵø
ϲţһͯһзæڹʮ²ȥһˣܻһ
¹˶ãҪʧ㡱ˮˡ
үףҲ֣׼ٺȰ䣬߽תһͼһĵŮ߽š
⺮Ůֻ£һ䱡ɫϵسȹѩ׵ĳ񲼹ߣûһ˿壬͹ɫޱߵӡ
һһЦ۲ת͸ǵĺģҡȡ
ѿں
һŮǳɹүӪϺΪƽ޵ĵλݹ欺͹ݷɳƺΪס
ֻһѾͷŵĹ欵ͷЦЦɾֱߵүǰ˿ûŹϱʾ¶ĸ΢ЦӣΎ˿ϵ۽ǣԹ۾޺ˡ
ǳ˳飬ԳЩҡݼһˡˣûй欺öԸ
үǰԳ޽䱸⣬ʵôôϷ𣿡
תԼĹŮ¶֮⣬޺޵Ļش𣺡ûأųۣң欶Ժ۸ء
欱ĸһɣԴѾͷ
Ϊһ֣ࡣ
ү欵ӣ̵ôˣСӼڽǡ
üүңѾͷǶˣ欶Ҫõȣ˵ֲ欣иӣҶȥȡȫã
ôһ۵һ޳ùүæ¡
ѾͷֵĹ欴ţֻʣ¹үйϻڹү²ĿֶΡ
ùСĶûһ߹⣬оί⡣
ôˣһԼϸһϣæȥס
үᵹ໳ʵôƫ̻Һ欶бôǣҲǸ檣õү̻
˵§ҲܽýȢ븮ί㣬׼ٿԼҵޡ
Ｑæס죬үɷңܸİ˹һʲôίԸү檣ҲҪ޸һˣø޵
౻һϯжۿˣ§޲ðԼ塣
ϵĹֱۡ
ϵȻԸ޸ҵʵӾΪˣ
һﳼ֮ŮĸоλĿȢޣ
һȺƽҪȢΪޣǸBѪͳԸƽϣӴ˹Ѫͳ
š檣ͬȾλĹ壬ôҲòҾõһ
һҲ𣿿ǹ뻭
úճŮŵ˶빬񵱸Ҳδܣƫƫ˹ɫ飬¼Ӿ
Ҳ벻иͬΪBѪͳŮˣԼɷ
з߷ߣŤͷ⣬ԭѾעȴｿεεĿڵڣҲûүĺ񰮣欶պôŮ빬ԺҲܰһ¼ͷүǡ
رﺰ׽н㣬ױݺͶ·ʱҲһһ㣬ĵ͡
үȴϵġ˽м㣬ĺ󱳵ίĸŮˣ뻭Ҫֶ¡
ǰһѣСȭͷյÿ졣
Ů빬֮ãԼʸ빬ûүʲôˣȻҲҽС¡
ܰٷƣȫûҾͽˣ
ǿѹŭһڴ϶˵̸Ŀڵ϶Ҳ£϶Ҫ빬

5

ҿԼ빬
˻һ൱Ծϡ
жжֻûϵһ꺢ͯǵ̸Ƿǣڵʵ̾ѡ
ݷʱ˼ֵֻ֪Ĺˡ
үٳûпڣæԣһοĿŹүۼﶮˡ
ҲһĸТЦݡ
˿̱ضнƣתİ취ȴ̩ɽǰɫ䡣
Ҳǹϵ빬ԭ򡪡ŮҪ빬Ǻмֻ֮ܵʡвС
ֻϧսǲӦġȻϻһתϧϾֻ϶һ磬֮·޳᲻Ҳеġ
үÿɷɿ֣ٲߵǰͷ΢Ц϶ΪʲôҪ빬
΢΢һЩ֣ϾΪһͯܲ˵޸ʾ裬׶ıǰ̰ɣ
һĿǰöЩ顣
ʮ꣬Ѿ¶ϵҲܷŵ̨˵
Ǵ֪ܣ˵סѱһȥ˵빬ŵԵ˼ҹƶ벻ˡ
ɹ׵ûӳôΪôʣֻǺСʲô
ϽסȭͷдĦ˼ڿ˼ʵĴ𰸡
ʱԲĴ۾һ𷽲ϵǾ䡰欶빬ܰһ¼үǡ
˼·ǣⷢӵ˵Ըǣ࣬ÿθڴŵﶼ˵æ͢Ĵ£ֵԺܾˡ
һϯϣүһ£ۿԼľͺˡ
ﶼԳҵɫŵ̽ͷȥүķӦ
үǰҵĳ˳䣬ƺעȴһʱҲ⡣
һְֻס֣òŵƵĿڣȻطϢ϶˵仰
͵һʼ磬ϵĲһɹ˵ˡ֣ʵڲװϾƽƵģֻ㬵뿪
߳ƫү̡֣ʣվڿǰš
½ǣ߹ȥƲһ۲ţ֣գգ۾ʾյ
֣Ǹϴܼ֣ϲĵճӣǹүһȳ档
һɫֱ֣Ƥ׾ձϸҺֲʧ̤ʵϸɣܹүأĶš
ͨôүǰĺˣʵϲ强Ǯ
Ӽ飬µλ㲻˲ģҲֵˡ
˵£ŵѾͷҲϵߣҪôһȥ׼ֻܻãȻ
֣㣬û߳ţѾվԣʱȴүļƣʵ䣬ϸϸ̸º˽¸ͨ
ϻͷȥһ̧żипԼǸûӵľ׮ӣŮģżû򽻵Ѿͷɾˡ
Ǹһ˿ЦȴԹݵĿ̶һޣҲǰŪС
Ѱ·Ц롣
ԭСѾͷལۣͦԹһ˿ĸԵȴ룬ѾͷôսģǾͱĺˡ
صᣬһѲ蹦򣬾֣ʵܱүͷӦѰѡˡ
أѶ治ɫ֪ϸԻݣҪŵС˰֣ʺ
үȥŰˡС˹ͷ
΢һͷ¡
˳ȥһԵĴѾͷҶǰ˲輸ϵˮһȲ裬һߴϵɫڵҪҪȥ
áɫһ˵˶ٴΣСƤʹӣϺͿǹܲסԼ죡ؾ͵үʲôʱʲôʱٷ˭Ҳ飡
ҶӣӦ˵ǡ
һ˼ʵ欶ȥûأ
Ҷͷԥûأﶼ޵ôˣǲǸ١
òͬ⣬Ѿͷע͵ȥ
⡭ҶƽϹϵУɷүѡ飬ŻȻҶ˵
ôˣһ˫βҶ̬ƺŭ𣬷ֵЦζ
Ҷ΢ɣ̧ͷе˭֪ǳլģĵһأү⣬Щ˶С
ȦˡϺЦһ˵ҽĵλСίԼ欶
Ҷüū澵˼Ȼ
ϳЦЦô꣬˼޶ۣѲΪίԼĹŮΪֺϵǸС֣
Ҷһ⣬ʱ࣬ͷתת飬ΪʾԼĶ
бһۣҡͷ̾ϢƤ̫ǳ㻹еѧأúÿŰɡ
ҶĵͷҲٲ£ֻ鲻ʵѡ£ū澵а취·ӡ
ޣ²Ŀְֵ²үأҲǹأǴŮ˿أ챧Ϸһһһ˫˵ĴΣԼŮȥʥġ
ҶæȤЦȣ
ϴа׵ָԼӣƴ̫ܸұˣסԼ
ҶգգۣûףҲ˼ʡ
ϿɵӣЦһ͵ϲҾλԶ֮ϣòҲףүýȢޡ
㿴ǰһ۶ûУҪ÷Ҫ꣬ҪԼȡ
ԣΪɷİҲȻһˣôأ
ҶϸϸĥЩòϣϿ͸
ȷʵүģζǶ֣ŮԸ߰־ǿԼ޷
**
ϱʯ񱧻ԷȻ㶨ȴ㶼ûзɣոϱ֤˵ףǸǿӣ˽ⲻϣã
ǰֻǶԹʩ˼Ԯ֣ϾͳƵģŹϳ˽ᡣ
ʱĶ£ǸͨBûմĴʾҲЭ϶ЩѫɻӵĶôŮ뻢ڣ
׵ʱӣҲ˹һ
ʱ˳չףôž͵һ𣬸λŵµڵķâҲȲһˡ
һ뵽սھŵ֣֮ϵľƶٶٵۣ޲һȥ˵Ҳա
ܵӣҪףҪǰĳһȥ
ܱס£ͲҪȥӣôܴǸδĵоأ
ֿЦѱһ׵Ů㣬Ȼͻҵıߣֽ
εһֿʼָʱ䡣
ܳɹԤѡᣬôʮܽ봢㹬кܴʻᱻͽµ
ʱ򣬶¸ʮ꣬λŵ¡òӦòŰ꣬ӦܹɶԸɣɶ»Ļ
ϰյıϥһš
ǰ£ͺˡ

6

˼Եɵɵ˯ȥʱĿ̣ǽ׹ö
ΰѼ䣬ԼԼһĻ£ĽԴͷҴޱ
Ժ˫з죬ֻһƬźɫӳ˰ĵ㣬ʹ˯Ũˡ
Ϻĺߺߡ
ǰԣʱĵЦݣаģ۵գͷߺ˯ɣ㡣
ڶһ磬ϵĻ
ѵ֮תһƣˡ
ϱɵţҲ
ʱ߿̣΢ʹϸĽŲҹѾͷԷˣ˸ˡ
ϱǳߣһ󣬾ͻۣǾµüĿչ޷죬ӯӯˮܽأ£֮ЩѵԻˮ
ͷ˿ĺӣŷֹϵīڵͫͰͶԼ
һǣЦͬƱĴ磬ѵɤЩƣĵɵѾͷʲôأ˶ˣҲ֨
ջѾʯ˵ϵִҲµܿӣ˿ҲŲæԸ̽ϴ
ԼĪһѲĹŲĴŹ߳Է
ˡõ̶򸣡
ϸɨһˣǹ欵ùá
ùãںԺУǺзȣ֪ʲô˼
ߵ̫ʦǰ£Ѿͷϱԣƿڵ˵ˣһ밲ء
⻰ҭùɫһףæεЦȾ˷纮Ǿŷ˺Ͷ念ʲŲҵŸ밲
ùϽͣȴ޵˵ʵүʮҲһ˹գĸ֮λǸռӣڿǵóǲ֪ߵغ
ɺ޹ޣùǰ㲻ǰ׵ģֻһɲŭƣǺĵŮȹүһϡ
Ҳ˵̧ѾͷùȺУʹ󷽷Ĵ򿪣ֻһۣͳʱ̧۵йվŵùá
Ҳ׵ķӦˣɻǷϵľ￴ȥʱҲ̲סü
ŵѾǲеĻ궼ī֭Ⱦںڣֻʵ˸Դúһʵĵľ˫ȣɷ磬ǰܲ
ϲӦͼϴа׵һȣžһľƷڵأôĵӣ
ùƺϵϵķӦ˿ҲֻǼװֵ̿ĵͷˣūֻǷвףҴȥ
ǹصùȵԭ϶ϲҶйߣѲƲȵͣѿ
Ůǿѹŭȴں٣ϼ״漴һӱס첲ĺѾһ׵ӣŲҪõأ
һͷնյСŮкһů
һܾŮùɶ࣬Ȼɽˣɲ۴С£Сһﶼ뷽跨˳ġ
˴еŭ˴룬˳˳ͷʾù뿪
֮ϷԸСѾͷҸط١
ϻȥүǰأͲţݹխֶ񶾡
ôһûˣϸſڣȴֹգգ۾ӱѾͷóȥû
Ȼ˳Ҫеǻᡣ
ĿӱͳȥȴˣΪŮֻǼװϲʵʶưܲӻо֮⡣
ɰۻˣ̧ͷͷԸֵȥǰԺĶġ
һ㶣æͷʲô
ֹƷȣݷûİѣ˳ǵλеʹͣҪǮȥѰһһס
õĹƷÿٺʮϳͳÿ¶ʮ
ʮ㹻һͨׯȫöȣ뻭ԣҲͿ㹻άӾ˱ķ⡣
ܲԼļױȹϳʱһߣƽտҲֻʮнࡣ
ϿɲΪ˰ӣ̲ܲӣ̧ͷϾͼˡ
ϼºͽ͵һѺõġ
ҪСԴҡò˹Ƶģĵ֪һֵǮһǮ鴫ˣɾսҲҪˣ
ȴ˵϶ҪӾ㣬ҡϱ죬Ų˵ȥ
Ҳϲ㡱Ȼ˵ڣһӣ˵ߡ
ƾǰļ䣬ЩڹϻϳֻСʱܰȺС˺Ѿͷθɾˡ
Ϊ˲˿ʵֻϽ
ȻֱʣҲǸٶ۵ģʱŮ˼ҲͲټˡ
붬֮ﻹûȥׯЩǲǵʯǰϦµģֻǲȷǲǽꡣ
²Ѳ˸ϵֻñոӰĴ㲻
ڰԼ
ԭΪѾ˳ֱһº󣬹п鷿žġ
ʱֽϰ֣վľǰȦϣĿȴȫһ̯Ĺˡ
ɫĹģڶ鷿ͨ˾ʮ˴ɷۡ͢Ҫ¼ȫڴ˹Ŀء
϶ԳûʲôȤۡϣ׭дһľĴ֡
ȹʮ³ʮŮӤλƷʾʥĴã춨ʮ쾭ۣϤ֪
ϾԼͣһະһŻع漴淦ˡ
ȹŮ
ϴ㶵ıʯ񱧻ݣϰ¡
Ʒʾ˵Ŀ϶Ǹŵ£һˡ
ƷŮʵǧѰӵۼһξ۴䣬ִѧʿ󣬷ӾϹ壬ЯҾ硣
⵹˹ϣκƴ󻪹ỹӡ󣬼ǵýʯڹߵȺ
Ҳ˵ʯǽµģһꡣ
ĵǣǸŵ³ˣ
СȭͷвϷתǰŵǡ䲻족
¡ૻŵµ֣ипǧ
۾ŵ֮Ʒò˵ǳ֮ɫ֮ˣ̳˱ŷ׹ĸ߱Ŀ뾫ּĳʾϸʡŵص㡣
ڻʵλǵľŵ£νȫĳŮBļ£ֻϧȱˡרһһҪӲҲ͸еĶ²Զˡ
ŵˣԼնһһУаٰζǧնһ仰

7

ǰϳ£ʮ괺
գߵĳԷ֣۴αȵ˼·ļߺͳʱ⿴һűˮж۵С̽ʮģ
һ֮£ϱӵķӣڽǺ
ʮһˡ
ʮһĹμһһȵľᣬһʮĵʮ֮ŮòȲգʵڽѿ
ɻѡ˾ٰ죬ÿӱǰףԻضĻƷܶӦٺ»
УٻڵˣƷݻˣֱƷ淼Ʒ¡
ӾֻΪ檣²Ըίѡ·̧ݡ
⾩ǰףϾ㹻ʸݼ
ɹ϶ⳡѡһûС
ȥһԴ꣬öϤϣҽҽݣҲͬղˡ
꣬гܰͷ񡭡
ڽ̾˿֪һ̾ϢǴŭүĸң̾䣬˵ĽӾͶȻһζͬʱͷȻһҵ̤Լɱ˻
֮Уϵĵһӳ˫ֻסԼ߸ߵķ٣ŮΪһķ٣װ󣬴£󵽲ҡС׹΢ŲλⷢٵЧͻ֡
ԣϵԼķ١
˵ûʲôյǰҲһǩղ
ԼⲡȻɫҲ¶ˣöǰʧ棬ôװ粻ҡ
֮Уһַŷ٣һڵ̽ͷ⣬ŷ̧֣εļηŵȺӴܣ
ʲôˣϾʵ
ηĶд𻰵飬Ƕ˽ˣȥҲСѱ˽ˡ
ϵòشŤͷѰΧǰԭȵĽֵ˿һţһȺĴ̿ͣ뻤ͬBεɱһΧҴܣ
̧ŽӵļηŲ·ۿһƥ˵ĺƵĳײϼöţŽתתƥײˣ
η棬һæҪת򣬾ͼɳ۶˾ŵ̱࣬ڵأ
ѵأϼæƿһֻȣͼѾӽβֱ
ܸܵƥеĺХ½ζ֮Уѿڼе££
ɤ䣬ԼǺһϮӻƵɴ޳Ӱִᵶ㼫Ծա
֮ʱӰһŵӭ˲ǰһ壬ƥ
ٶ֮죬й˫ĿԲ׽
ʯ䣬Ǻθ˲ߣһǶùˮ
ǧһ֮ʣҺ͵һ˻
ϼ΢۹عʱѾͣǰ
ݵʱ飬ϴӻУɳֻ̱࣬һʱûϸϾ֮ˣɿһ̱˽С
Ҳ˷װ嵶һ£·ɣֱǶ¼ʱûмŸлֻ̱ڽ︧
ɾˡ
֪λʾⱲӶû䡪Ӣ۾˴½ûˡ
Ҫ֪λʾжôǳ𣬾ŵҲҪȥлºġ
ϧʲôû˵
ʵϣϻڵȽġ¡ƿܾ顣
ȻȴͻȻ𼸸ηΰݵŵ򰲣
δĹϣ
šŵ£
㲻ǰʧǣʾºһɽϢŵµĸûôӡ
ˣλŵز̫㡣
ϻ֮һתװڽ˼׵ת˼Ƶһࡣ
ɻͷδüװΣͼһľ𵶱һǣ۵Ӵ̵ֱùЩΡ
۾⣬ǾŵųƷʾ·ɫһ£ưȴͬ·Ҳ𣬴˿ҲԱϡ
ŵϣͷ°ͣ俴ڡ
׻λεĴĿԹϣٶֻϡоĳҫ£ùϸеİֹ󣬲ƶͷīĳ
˫ͬǳɫ˫Ŀü£򱳹ȴԾùϲһֱжסսС
ŵˣ
һɤۣҪιȥƽջӣλƷʾע£·һ˲
Ѹ侲ֱ壬ͷĿڣŵ򸣽𰲣ūȽŲ㣬޷½ӭݣˡ
˵λֻöԷͷĳš
꣬Ϸλŵ¡š겢û뿪˼Ҳֱ֪ۻ᲻ʹ
üԥղȷڵлŵ¾֮
ߡ
䣬ϾԷζߣ漴һŵջص½ԼЩĵתͷ뿪ˣƺġлٶȡܲ
Ͼδ˫ĿڣŽԼĪһӣ洫½ĺ
ϣڻ̶Ӻͷ˵·̿ͷͷޣһ·ѰòѰϵĽӣͼæÿϷ͸
¡ᣬʱձǸɷľŵųί̲ס¶ʵʲôˣ
§סļ°͵ο£ǱҵһȺɥ֮Ȯ
ϵͷʲô涵̧ͷʵҷٿˣ
һЦεҡͷ㰡
Ťض»ǵ£ҺСĵһˣܲԭң
ںЦ˭
ƮƮĻش𣺡Żá
£
лҪ˵
Ϊǰ⡣

8

һ㹦򣬳ԷֵѱƽĹӣų֣һһǼ˲Bڲδ
ԭΪ˷־磬ᵼ´˴ξʱȡʵϣȴȺ뻤Ļʾġ
Ůӡ߻ӣԼոճľŻŮλʾ̶ӻУǱһȺ߽Ĵ̿ɱĶӣ⽭ϴļɶҪˡ
ش̿£ҪʧˣϾţλսܳľŵ¡
꾩ᶼ˳˳ˮΨŵ״ʽ뻤УⱱҾͳд̣Ҳʱ˲á
ûвĬBʦսɾҪžŵ¡ǧš˹ϲЦһѹַǾŵַɴܣɼҲܾᡣ
ȺҪ˵ҲǲۣĳģǴҶרŵ¼ǳˡ
ƫƫʱ£޹ֺŵ״ƱҵӲܣһ̤ɨƽ˱ңΪĳʷǳĵ䷶ʾ
˵˷ŵӪȵľµɫЩĥ
ΪԼʧĲͷͷҲҳ
˭֪ʱͻȻڵԺϾԶһ㣬˵˶٣ֲ㡣
Ծ̧ͷֻü΢˫ƽմ²ĵĮĿʱȾһ˿ŭЩȡ
ԼûһǵΪϼǸŵ¶ã
˵Ծŵʮ֮쾩ݻ淾ͶԴꡣ
ŵҲ顱ʢ߲ܡ
ǳƷʾıŨȹߵԵʣÿҹ˼ʱﶼʹ롢
ȴʼղλ˲ܾŵ¹鱡壬Ըǵġ
ⲻʧΪһĳţΪ˸߸ϵľκλӻŮĬB檣ֻҪû޵֣ʱҪϾϵ
ͨʾֻҪ΢˴ʧˣͺһݡĲ״
ЩΪƷƷˣܾŵ䣬ȴûһ뿪ʵ˳档
ԹžߵɻȨ½ǸؾҲĸ󣬸ǿбռ壬̡
Ī˵ӾǻʾҲǿռκһλӡ
˵ЩˣҲԸŵ±ǵġ
ɰѴڵһɻʾɷ죬ֻ۰ͰͿЩǣǰ̵ȥ
һԽ͵󣬶¶ԼΣյĳãԹϳȣʾʮֵĽš
ϱµı鶺ڿЦۼµɫϲǿѹЦ⣬͵͵˿Χ˿ڽ¶ߣϣⱲӣҵֻһռУݣҶ뿪㡣
䣬µվ৵Ǻ쵽æɨɨΧû˿ԼŵͷŹŭֻ֣ôͷ˵
Ц۾ˣ˶㱣̲ס͵Խӣ̲ס
ʱĹҲǺԣ̼ϲЩ΢˴ŵ飬ÿÿöֲ࣬÷
µǺܳһףҲΪ߰꣬檶ûǹ
Ϸ£־Ļ˽ӡ
Ҳתͷһ·ջ
ͻϮӺһգڲBȫסԱʱ̵ѡ㡣
صͷ󣬹ױ̨ǰͭԵŮŵжͷΣ˷ķ٣ʵķ١
ϻŶµǾ䡰ԺϾԶһ㡱ЩЦ
ܶھŵµĴԣ˵ϵĬBŮУ⵹Ҳ֣ܶʾͨԵã֪ȡ򣬻ÿ޵Ա
ʵϣŮȢͬ޵ģʮֺ
˵ŵǡŮɫԼŮױɫҲǰŮˣԼͿ֬ĨۡŮ̬ˣϲֱֵۡױݹѵԬB
Ҳ´˴βԬBŨױĨҶȹڽķ̬һ࣬ˡϸжʢ
Ϻ󣬹⵽¥¥¶ǰźͬԽ֣˴¥ȫһµƬ̺΢΢ͷеĹŮ֪סڶļͷô
ŮԱ֪˼Ƥĳգգۣص·Ըκ⣬ҪʱϵūʱԴȥ
ϳǿĵ߰ɣ
Ůﲻױ𣿡
ϣˣߣ
˴֮Ϊ곤ĻʾͷҲλ¥һ䡣
ʱѽʱʱйŮͷ衣
ƹŵһ۵ʽľ磬ͼƻͨһյԲԣĸӻӰ
ΪȻǶŵλ̬ȹ΢΢£һɰķеЦ⡣
ŵǾŹ£ʱͷűǣŪˮƯĲҶϲ¶һ˿ϲŭ
ǣô˵ˡ
һֱǼһֳĲأԶֻܽҪλʾĻǩ˹ݻλãΪľټˣͳԼĻǩֻܿˡ
ֻܷģλˬ챣֤ȴһŵľŵЦһ֮⣬ʱˡ
λӶ֪λŻŮǳԸ񣬽ԲҳԵֻüװû͸һͷƷ裬һԡ
°ôˣţʲôΪ֮Ȼǿæ
ľŵۿЦЦǸпǩ֮£û뵽Ҳвʱ򣿡
ƽգ±Ȼ༥ɴ˷Ϊ˹ϣŻãֻѹŭѯʣ˻кβֱ˵
ŵֱӣùǽڿ˿棬üëЦҿɾֱ˵ˣ㣬ϵˮ·ˣٴ첻ˣܱܲЩзˣ
˽Ųùٴ˻һһٽ賯͢壬¸˹ؿڷĲÿһʡӣͳˮһ㲻⽻׿𣿡
һȭͷʱɫɷף촽⶯ȴһʱ˵Ļ
ľŵ³ǣЦһһ˫΢еһǳͫȻɫ˵Ļȴ絶һǰߣܶದʮȻһص˿ڣȴڵʱɶһս鱨˵Ŀã㹻λ˹ˣ٣
İ𣬺һľ棬ʱѿһƣŭɶĲָŵ±Ǽ⣬ǳ⣺£Ѫˣ
ŵ̩Ȼ泯µָ⣬ЦΣٰɤ㣬˽ңƾ޾ҲԣҼȸ˵Ҳбˡ
ԣ·ĿһʱѪɫʾĬãڵҽ첻̸£Ҿ㣬æǲ
**
ʱϸűɴѾ湬Ůߵ¥չձڣ鲽ܿͣ˶¿ͷſڡ
ţ֨һű˴ƿϱòһһᣬƵŮĻϵɴƮȻء
عʱǰĵƻϤǰ޳Ӱȥ
̧ͷһʱԭأû뵽վٴŵ£æ֧Ԥ񣬶ѾϵɴòĵݸԵĹŮ
ϼæҪڵлŵüöɤʵɫδҪֽ¿Уɲݡ
˵꣬ŵЦһƹˣȻų뿪ˡ
޹ʱĹϣǵͨ졣
⻰ǳɫƽƽʲô
ˡ

9

΢ϴǰξлת㱼侹֪ںδѿھ;źϡϡ
һ§ѹͷŮΪجΣæƹϵС첲϶£ѡ
׵ǰһƬɲŽգգ۾˸СԴ׵Ļû֨
ϵ˯ˣҴñӣ󱳣ССŮġ
**
˴ξۣרΪŵ°һƺƵİվƣųνݻ
ⲻΪĳ˵һƷĻʾҲ֤ʵˣŷĺ׹ӵ۳谮
˳жλسĲϾλƷСŮϣһѪҺ
ӵ۶ƫֱӰδ֮λķ򣬵»λмܣǴѪͳС
ˣڸ׸ϧΪ׵λϡƸʮԹ١ԼԺ֮УгϧµְԼ没ܾμӴ˴ξ۴ᡣ
ϵĸ׵ûɶΪ˾ĿʷƷСͷĴҲûй£վӣҲ˹ʧȥһνĻᡣ
϶ϯļģϾʱǸʵ꺢ͯ
˶ԴΪ׵ŵˣЩܵη壬עͶɫζȫĲʽˡ
ϼĻ棬Щ֭ɵİ׿顣
ŷȥ·;ĲɫȻ󣬵¶ȶѾɢȥ˻Լλس̼¯ĴϵĲȼƮŰ׻ͣÿҪ
˿ӰϻУٴ͵Сʵ̫ζˣ
ʹڶ¸ϣҲŷĲʽȴûеʱľ֮ˡ
֮ʳⳡϯûӡڲڳ벻
ֻһһˡ
ϯ죬ϣԼѪͳĺһͬ硣
ΪҵϣȻûʸ볡һ¾Ըһȥׯˡ
Ϻ͹欶ϴڼϦû䣬Ĺ壬ͶѾˡ
ʵԼĪҪ˲żݵĻҲ˼λƷߵɺСʾ
۾ˣûʶڲС
ʱĶӦʮһ꣬κͳ϶δϤֻ֮С£ʾȫһɫģֻ岻һѷֱ档
ôż䡢ĹϦͺ͸ȫʵĿޣֻܵЩʱ򣬰˽ǹϤ֮ʱٳѰˡ
һԵĹ欻ɨϵƷһ滨֣ҲֻʣЩˡ
ϴδBֻͬһųòͣӹӣιҲԵƷӡ
ǹ欱߳ԱƵۣʳĹƵģ޴֡
ϲмЦһϵ䣬˵Լֹš԰ɳ԰ɣ㻹Ե¼ڣ
ôţϿеҺȴıʹ󣬽žԼ๾ĶӽС
ֻ⹬Ϊ壬һϣÿƷֻһ̫ûˣδĺҲţ
㲻ζҲܰƷ谡
ϴ˿ѾÿԼӾ˺ˣֻ־ǵİȫǿŵģһ㶯ᾪˡ
һһò˹ĵԬBһһιԼĺӳԸ㣬ϿᣬҲιɲ˵欸š
Ȼ欲׳ڳBֲΣܲܵڸʳԼŮιҹôҪ桢ôҲֻŲ
ȵһ̽Сʱۼֿ죬ȹŮе־ӺͿӣһ֣ȲҪ
龰ѹϸЦİ
ôûԼ߹޵ĸַŹǿȸж̲סİᶼЦˡ
欼㣬ȻǻˣءԼġ֣ͿϱЦȲģѵݵߵһ飬ˮϵϳģҲֻ÷߷߷ˡ
СץһֻԼˮռе֣ϲ̵ĵݵߣһֱ˵ԼּװŮĿˮôϳԡ
ɹϲϳԣŤøƵǵΧŮBͶĽĴȰĿ⡣
һ̲ס޵⺢Т˳Ҽһˣ
һŵСŮ쿹鸸׽Լϵס
⻰һһԼB׷¶Ľ֮飬ŹЦ⣬˵ϣԼһ㶮µĺӡ
˼һԹ欻ӳԶʳס˵СҲøѧЩײŻ㡣
Ųһ̧ͷĺȵ
һȺBԶɵˣ׷׳ͶȥɻĿ⡪ôвԼ׵ĺӣ
ϱΣֻüҳί˵˹Լĳ¡
ĬBѰһһ޵ļͥ赭дĽԶ֮ġ
Ŀ⿴欣ɤȴֹԭǸŮշǴȣּ檵ҲϴĳϣҲĳ
ڼдδܹĲһֱΪԼݱȹϸһȣ˿̼˱ĵĿ⣬еһβһǿҵĿ־С
欺ɸǿ־壬ϾϺ͹үߣֻܵͷҲ磬ĥŻȥϸ״
ʱ̣Bĵʱһ·޿죬ɤϼݵ
˼æ׹أС˶̧ͷ˷͵
ֻһйǰӵ֮УƵɫ˿Ƽ۵ӵۣ̤֮С
һԸŵģǶķڵĻʺﻹһССı죬Ÿιĸ顢˯ľŻŮ
һڻʾȫŻʵʺá
ӵ֮ǰһ泯ΡȻ
һƬġʥʺʥ
񡣡
ʱѾӵһ࣬ʾ֮վŵģǸĿĮȻӰ
ϡȭͷ

10

ٴ󣬹ϵ˼ȫȥͷ
һߵĹ欣мǺŷŵ裬һʱҲûʳ顣
һһһͯ԰ڳ̬ɫζȫĲʽһ޷ǵȤѸϻһͷˮҲûӵ顣
ÿÿ͵ƶһۣؿھҪһɤӳĻʳ
ϯ󲢲㰲һֱһһ
տʱҶ֨ʥյˣϯŽ
ҲپнֳЩĵƤͺöʱһԵӶЦǰϣϼеӣ̫ˡ
ϯУѸպ˯ľŵ¶ˡ
ԣСһֳ൱̶ȵĲһɤӴӹŮﺿʺŭƽСӶ޺ˡ
˿ӵѾϯλһس̸Ц
Ϊþŵʥϻϯǰֹ֣ͣλʾ¶УʮҵĻӻŮΧ˻ʺ󣬶Сһ졢ĵ֡
ŵþŵ¿޵øˡ
ʺһ֣˼׵ĸ㣬ϵĺҶҡǶСһﳪ衣
ֱʺѿ⣬ŵ²˲ֹͣ˿֡
ǵģŵ¿ʳˣˡ
Ľëմʪճһشأ˫һգգǳɫ˫ֱֱͫŻʺǸ⣬󡭡С˱Ķ
ʺ󣺡
˺󣬹ŮϣһֱʳھŵǰڰȻȹϯ
˵ŵ´ͷβûһʳƺеɥ
ϯǰʱ˫ǳͫʼնȵĶʳĿŵϵ˱һҲûֹͣνִš
;ʱѾͨˣҲ˵Ŀǰûκΰ취½ӴУһСӣŸʮһСӣ˼Сӱųʲôأ
һʱͷĹϣѹʳʼܰϵĲȡ
ԭƲֵĹʱüκᣬ֮֮ǰƷԵ̫࣬˿ǿ˼ڣˡ
ԾɲʼĸŮԵÿ־ͽĲּ˸䣬̽ԼϹͣﻹһģ
ϯʢⷬڣϺɳ˸˷ֱĸŮǵģֱһԵĹ欲ڡ
֮ʣһֱûӵۣͻȻ͸һľϲ
ޣ⾪ϲӦ͸оǵģڹ϶ԣش󡪡
ݾϲǡӼԷگ顣
ҲŻȻԭگ䲼ġ
Ӽѧã˵Ǿ󶼿ѧʵϣ⼸רΪѧãǺմߡ
ѧλڶ½֣ǸصĴԺռٶĶ
Ϊѵڿγأռѧ֮
ʣµ֮һɻ԰¥̨СˮԼΪСľѧɡ
ѧãͳɽǧԼ
Ҳ˵ֻлҾ󣬺ͲԴĹѧӾСB˸Ҳš
ӵگӼ࣬ʹþͬȻѧãʵ˻衣
ĵĻϣļǵã款ѧʶΪĴӡ
ԼȴھǼִϣһüսʤʦӼĹ欣һپǣ˶µۡ
һ꣬ʮꡣ
ûκһӼʦüְֽģΪӾֻһBӼԷ
Ҫǰڹ欵ġ
үʱ뵽պѡŮǹ欣ûԥͽ˹次
ףΪԼȡֲмЩ׵ΪӼ̵ܽĶԼùѧĸտҲû
׵Ľ̵£Ͽ̿У߻۸ʹǵĹӼĬBҲܳҡ
ڵȴʱԼҲȲһԺյĳ
ڱΪļˡЩӼBʹٶҲǸؤ𡱣Զǲ˴̨档
һأ¶ҪӼࡣ
ǰļգҲȫģǰֵöԣĿǰֶָ̣δ̴ﵽǰ裬ȴҲѧһ죬еʦ
ҪͬѧõĻʾǼֱ練ƣͲûˡ
ѾʼԼһõеһ̡
µʱǶ˻ƵСģͽйϽס쿩ЦԴѹһ˫°͡
һ£˫°ͣ
϶߶̯ԼС֣ʱĻصʵСǸСӣ
ڵɫһԲ椣ģıð桭
ǳ棬ܲö¶겻֪һŵײˣԸҵŹϵ棬Цǽ
Ϲŵ˫ϷʵһǳͫѪҺϴǺ
Ǿ䡰¿дɲݡϾƵİѲؽڵĸ㵹ϡ
ԣˣ
ҪǸŵ½¿ˣʹ֮ǰɫûʸ

ڹŮ˱ľŵ£ͻȻ˸С硣

11

ϣ˹ʥһ뿪֮Զ룬ֵ̲ڵߵɢ硣
漴һԲѸٴȺȥҶĹү͹˶磬ȲҪ˵ίˡ
ϵ܁GѹɤӺͷҲأæ̧ȾҪ׷ȴԵĹһѳסˡ
ûµģȥҵˡŸӼѧ飬ʱ뿪ʱ
ɲŽһֱŹ欵Ӱܵ汧ס˹ȣ˿ͷץϵС֣Ǿͽүĳȥɣ϶ߡ
ϵͷ߳š
Ҳүϣֱƹ̫͵һȥˡ
һţҸԺŵѾͷСǣ׷ŵӿǰҴҸǵ¯ϰ磬·ȥҵĳݡ
ϳֱ·ɢת泯ϣһƽսģĿڵм㡣
ǩӲ¯뵷ůЩٻůůӡ
һ̧ۣʱԼҹŮСˣʵѽ˼С㡣
϶ϵ̬һЩüͷġ
ϼģæɿǩӣ¯Сʵôˣôţ˵ɣʲôﶼӦ㡣
ͦΣһһٵĿڵӼࡣ
ԣһ˫۶ɴһȦ˺һŹ֪Ӽʲôط𣿡һڣֵŮæĿڵ˵Ӽࣿ
֣صĵͷѾͷ˵ӼգֻĬBȥõĵطĺӣұضǱ΢ģҲѧӼࡣ
һᣬգգۣʵĸѾͷ˵Щģ
ػ⣬̬ȼĵǲˣҾȥʸȥ𣿽ʥּϣ˵ӾҲиҵĻǶģҪر룡
һϯӲʩ˵ҲЩھΡ
ϳֻԼף΢ᣬͷϵ׻סʵʣǰ;ͻˣһΡ
һΣԼȡԺܹĵĹʳ˼̻ӡ
ԭû£ϾУӾȻ϶ģŮȱȫУԼĶᡣ
˵Ҳĸ׵Ĳְ
ʵһֱ룬ĳ֮һϵѣլԻ˫ͷϣ˭ҲܲˣԹԺޣкܴӰ졣
ȻˁG٣λܱȥ
ԭܡӦãǣϵĵģǹϵδ»Լˡ
ոĺϵͮپӺԺƷѧʿ걾뿿Ů뻭ѡ빬ٻʥ衢ҫ鹡
ȴִ¼˸ӾҲûͮͬŰЦ
ϼʹѣҲڲ󶯸ɸ꣬Ӱͮ;ֻ
վҲθˣټΣ
ɽգŮε̬ȣʶܵϵǰ;Լû룬ŮҲҪĹ
һ¾ģⱲٻܾ䣬Ѿû˼ΪԼȡ϶һ϶Ÿոտʼ
ԼŮĳ谮һǣ
֪ˣӼһġ֣µĶԹϱ֤
룬ЩǸĿڣû֣ǵʣԸ⡭ѹɤСĽŵݷ򣿡
⧲ЦˣձòľģСһɵһѯʳˡ
һʱЦᶼڴ϶ʱЩӵı
ǳĳ̯ư
ܲ㣡Ϸ޷޵룬Ҳ˵ͶƵ俴Ц
Ц˺ðȥ۽ЦỨϵСӣС龫ʲô㶼
˵ģҪĴ㡣ɰڳСƵϾѾԤŮᣬδܻΪ⣬Ĳܲƫ
ϿʼúЦȴЩ𾪣ԼŮôộ˼ҵСҲô
һ˲䣬Ϸ·ʶǰնյСһˣŮ
ҲûӴͬ亢ֻͯȰԼ˵ӦģƽľϵԴڵòźģģͬ㣬Ҳûϵ
Ϊʲôһȡ
εЦЦѵǶǺأֳͽͷּҿˣԼҶҪӼ࣬ѸҺBͷΡ
ϵıʱ׻ٻأ
ôأ
ſǺȹүһȼľбҪһӾB
һʱٸнϲ֪˵ʲôãԭ׾ٵģõͷε
˵ǰǲĹŮ
ϸϸһ룬ϵҲǰΪ
¼ӾϸĳЩìܣǸҪӵˣҪҸɷС檵ŮǼֱɱʹࡣ
ϴ˷ӦϣҲȫǳĸҪӣȴҪŮ˳ģԲԸȥ
Ҳ谭뻭ϾϺ׹Ůȥ¶˵
ôһ欻лӼ࣬ϴӡ
˵Ʒвòδôݡ
ΪŵûݰӷùĶǶĵ
ڴʵƽƽвŵµǻ֮󣬰˳ɻܷݰΪТ㩡ġ
ɵɵ
ǰ䲻ʳҲۼ֤ڳ͢绽ꡢܵʱڡ
һǶ̫㣬ŰĳۡϷ޷޵롣

12

Ȼ۹󣬹үվصطԸŷ׼һ磬ֺϡ
ҹϵ㲦ϵȻһˣ跨ͬóӼ
һŹϣȥ̨·ݷˣ˸ա
صʱͷѾƫ
һţүˬʵЦӭ˿ˣ
ɵʱĹ࣬˿ջЦ˹Ҫȥϵ֣ȴһӶıܿˡ
үˡޱкһҲѣǣŹϣֱߵñߵľȦǰ£Ѿͷϲ衣
ԾΣΪ欣ӲͷƤϲ輸ȦϣЦŷԸѾͷȥϵĲ˶عһȡ
ˣүͷҲ̧Źϵͷճի
үǳ˳飬Ƭ̣̣Ҳڶԡ
Ƭ̺󣬼ϲΪ¶תϵĹϣСһϲ̵ЦģɿЩʹΪ¶֡
ϴӽһֱɵЦڣ͵Źү仰أڱ϶ҪӼѧˣ˵һĿЦ
үʱɫһףֱ仰֮һĸɵȸ£Ƶࡣ
Ů˫ۣү⶯һӲĻЦЦҶӼѧ꣬϶Ŷ뵽ѧãܳлϥ¶༸أ
գգ۾˵֪𣿹ӼԷѧǰã꼴ѧÿղʱڿΣչδʱɢˣظʱ϶ȥηŵˣ
һϯ˵磬ɽˮȴү˸͸һþٳϻͷҲһ˿
ԭĮݽЩסͷĶŮС޷ֱǹ˵ЩԶΪġ
ӹүһ仰ʼ̸һһ壬Źಽ̤գգûлἰ飬Ѿվѭһ
ǹϹΪ֮Ϲ룬͸оë
СһҪɾ
Ƴϵɴ˫ۣ֪ģæ¶ɫſķ㣬ʲôζѽ϶ˣ
϶ʱӻŮŵУʵ
ջ˼͸Լװһ˵ճի棬ȴСɵĺƹˡ
Ůˡ
ϵСԴ˵ɵЩãɵһЩͲᷢ޳֮ˣҲĺ
ʮϵԴϺЦüۡ
ͲĺˣǰϣȾ֮˵ˮϵķ֮УڼʹϾͰͲҪ
һ죬ᵽģӼĵһ
ԣ˵ѾҪӾҲԸйֱ׳ĶߣҪװ׵˽⣺£δһбӦӦõġ
һˣ˸ûȤ
󣬹ղͬ⣬ӣӼ౨˹欵֡
϶ϲ˺ϾϻûгޣϾôһŮζΪŮѡͣг޿֡
欵ѧӣպͱˡ
õӺϣزסϵЦݣϸ밲ʱἰ£ʵİοϡҪ̫⡱˵欽ϾԺǻҵˣȹϸֵӼѧ
ǱͳסĹ欣͸Ҫɪˡ
ӻ۵ѧӣֱԷҫָԼ֣һһĶӾB欻ѧ
ҲգĶӷȹҫϣò˵˾䣺ϲ㡣
бһۣûȤĻؼˡ
ڶ죬ӼĲ˵ڶѧӡ
үԭΪʹˣһȻдšBϻѧ
һҵıʱһɫѿĺӣȥ
ʱﻹ밲ﰵɪȰ
õӣֻ˷һۣӣӴ򿪣
Ȼ֪ʲôݣҪǶġ
Ҳʮɪһ磬ϱһ˿ɨһۣһصڡϴ˸ᣬظBϻѧ
촽ˣӣһһףһʱ޵滰˵ʧʵĶ
ѾͷջԲͷɨһۣǺլBƣʱ¶ţĪһ£˲ӣ˲ˡȥ
֮İҲû欴̸۹Ӽ࣬徻ˡ
ʮ괺֣Ϻ͹欳ͬһӼѧ

13

ӼѧλڶԶ½ֺΣ԰ӣݺͬڣȫԺռʮĶֿͼһġ͡
У͢ԷλѧĶϽǡ
Էǽͨһսǣһ侫ŵͥԺѧһʵ̨ͤ¥󡢰ٻޣʮĿ
ԺΪδѧľ衣
δľ˫Բ߱Ϣص޷նԷǻ򱻱ǡ
ˣǾΨһܡƽѧá
ɹԾɺܲϰ߿ЩİСʱǣ֣еӣ
ڹֻж¿Դıǲˣڣ뱻κľӴ
ԣҼͬΪBĺͬ飬аȫС
ǣԤѧĺӣС꣬ЩҲ߰꣬嶼ûζǾֹйϺѷֱǵݣ׽ģֻʱ˽ӴϤѡͬ顣
ǣϾʱڽС첲֧С֧˫°ͣꡭ
ôһ߰ŮԶԶָЦ쿴ǸСӺÿɰ
ϸˣ΢΢ԴͼԼ˫°͡
ȶԣ欶»ٶȿɱȹϿöࡣ
һڣ款ɡһ֧곤С壬ԱһЩľɷܶӾͬ亢ӡ
ҲɶԹ欵Ϊ̾һŮͯȻҲ׸ơȨԣǵ洫
ڣԺΨһСҡ˹ɺ߰˸СͯţԴҲͽ᲻Ҳֻա
ǹôϸңֻǸ¹ҲóԲ˶ߡ
ɺ꣬Ǵĳ˶˹ƷڬB֮ϡ
ΪʥϵŮҲǸ󣬵ȴСͨĹվһƶܱѹҲű
ƣܽй¡
ԹѧһÿɢκŹӼڶǰƬ԰ɢΪˡżϡ
ȻΪܴǺܹá
ϲôҡÿÿӼ࣬߶ֻͯǲ峡߹ϡ
ԣѾżĻˡ
ǣ۽ųţǲһĶԳţȫûƳһۡ
ôԲһС椣ôܿ϶ʼɽǹرԼˡ
뷨ֿ־壬ǰᵼ¸Ľ
̿УϾʱڣڽǰ
ͷбʱڿκܿҪˡ
һߣϾͿ⣬ŵͯǵõָʾ߽ţİʰϵį̄
Ťͷɫļӣ˷ܵЩʲôչȥһ䡪
ԭǸճĳƷСʾ˵ܻᱻѧá
ڶʹˡ
϶ԴЩΪʲôµķ紵ݶûôأ
ƺκһǸŵµ£ȫĳڸĳȡ
ΪŵѧĴԣѧܶĬBΪ˱ͨϵԤѧá
ǲϧʽѧΪֻܱǸСʾһۡ
ϲɾúЦǰļ䣬λСʾǸɫ߲ܵҲõȵ˼Ǹǣ
ǰ¶ʲôã
꣬СһԼʲôֶδشμǵЩ۸أ
Щ鷢ϺȻеǰһϤӰһΣţǰһײĦһ̶
ϻعֻһ̶С΢ЩͷһԭԼ̨˫ϣʱ䱻ȾһƬ
һ⣬̧־ץ̨৵վָҲմһֺīī֭˳·ʣһʱǱͯŻŵԼڣΪá
𾪵ĿԼ·ˮɫԽӣǹϽʱϻ˴ʻõϺݹзƵģ¡ȹһܹʮӡ
ƽڼҴӲô·ҲǷֹżϣ봩Щѧá
ǰһƬīգֻһᣬ̧ͷͷȻӵˣ
վŵףǻ͵ЦĹ次
ϿԼæ̧ŷײӵĲĺߺȸ״ָ̧ϣǳôڵģһײң
˲ѪҺͷɤһȭͷ˵
Цɱ񣬵һζôΪһȹ
ʲôֽԵûܹʮӣȴΪһһ˫Ьʡģ
ƾʲộ
欼÷һԲĪеһЩ־壬Ťͷͺ顢Źϴ¿ˮҾ֪ݲģڼҴͰˣͥ㡭
ž
ȹ˵̨꣬îҹȥϧ׼ƫ˵㣬̨Ź欶߷ɹȥˤ÷飡
һᣬֶĨһѲմϵīֵǰһۡһ
ľһӵϣΧһߵŭ⣬˵֪ТܣջҪϸѧá
ֻǰתԭֻԼû׼欣һ߰ĺǳУһɾĿ־нװΧ
֪ѵ˶ãһ΢ϤɫȻ
⵹ˣʲôѲ߹ȥײ㣿
ϻ㱼ΪԼ˽ϵɤȻۣȴһϤζ
ΧǼ䰲ˣЩľǶͷĬĬ˿˼϶¶ľɫ
ۿģعͷͼƽյĮԵİ˹ʱվ
˹Сཱུͬģһ˫Ưĵۣ˿ҲһĴŹϣתͷίģһʱ˿

14

̼䣬ڿ޺Ĺ欱ͷ
ѧʮСȫҴɢκĳֻڽȻ෴ʱΪš
ѾʰѧҵĺҲҶŵĺ̲ס棬ŲӿȥƨɶΣ뿴ĸùë˰˹¡
Ӽ˵Ĺ涨һѪͳϵǣ˭潫ŮƽȣһһϷѡ
ʱҶϵī»ӣʱϸϸĺëɦ÷ȴһץӡ
ѧ֮ǰ̵ţΪܵģλԤѧĻС˶׽
ʵû£ҲҪ̬ȹǫãϲɶͷԿ
˵ᣬЩ۸Щõš
ǰλһٸԴҲﲻ
˹ɺʱЩֱͣͦС壬Թ欵Ĳ˵ˣԩ㣿
һ㶣գ۾ǰСЩȥĴǸַЩͯƵģ̫
ȴŵһ飬޲ùģѧﲻöͬдֻòûûУСŮԼСӣԭ¡
ɺֵ㵱СǸǣͬҵǸкã
һбۿ˿īյĹϣֿ˿˹ɫеӣֲĶԹϵǸΪԼ䡣
Ͼײӣ˵ǡ⡱Ϲ̨ҽ㣬ȴ֤ȷģ
ҧ´¾ķϵİ˹ϾףҪִ˵欣Եǿʶ
һִˣϷһʱ嶯ҳ̨ղǰȾ͵֮Ѹ˽Ϊϲߡ
Բȹ欿ڣϱԹ˵ҷҲһʱʧ̬ˣ֣úദǣ±˰ա
˵֮꣬߳䣬վ˹ǰ
꣬߰˹һأ㺩Դ԰˹˵˾䣺ллСΪ
ΧĺԽһ飬˵޼˽̵ҳƹΪ㣬ֱֹԽ
䡰С㡱ʱ˲ͷȭͷǿֵˣֻǲЦ˵СԼˡ
β֪Լʧ
ǹġ
˹˵ĿԳƣϾͲ²λǸ͵Ůϲñ˶ֹн
ʵϡ
˹ӼûһӸ׽
ΪԤѧõΨһһλŮ쿴ͬЦ֣ﲻǲĽģϻǵάֹϣİ˹ֻѧõĹ⾰ꡣ
򱧲ƽΪǡײ׽ŪϺ͵ЦһĻ
бģ˹ǲ£ԼݣϾ֮ڹҲܳδܵĹ
Ȼ欷ҧһڣͬͼǸ۵ĺѧʱ˹һǻѪǱȼˡ
欵Ǹ󣬹Ϣ˵ʶٶҲа˹ʮ⡣
Ϊĳںºһм˷ֻΪ˺壬ǶС˽顣
Ȼһ΢ðʧġС㡱ȴа˹»
˹δ˺㣬ͷϵλȫǻֻ梣ͷиճľŻãȴֻƵݣСһﻹǸµġƷʾȫ޷˹һչˡõİġ
ǰС㡱Сޣǽа˹ôô뱣
˺һһʱϲ޲ýⰫնյСѾͷǰСʲôġ
欺ͼͬ飬Ŷȹڹϣѧһʱ侲š
ʱ˾ͼ˹ƺЩӲİŹǰվ֡
ĹϵСԴ
ˣ
˹ѹ۵ɤСƵʹϣýʲô֣
һ£̲ס̧ͷŵĵۿ˹͹ϵıӰǵĻ棬һ˲䣬йŲλȭͷָ׼ģС֣ƾʲôĳʽã
欵ļͬҲһƬ𾪣Ƴɷ׵ݣֻ̾ϢԻˡ
˹ͯϵ̨īɾȡԼı̨ϡ
֪ʱֵ˳ЩźãҲƴǣֽ¹ǶϦƣǴڱǰţİ˹쿩ֱЦ̲סû桱С
ʵϣϽӵ̨һ˲䣬ľһⴥСֹ̨ͨأ£»鷳
ڶϸʱ仹һɻϲȴӳˣΪѾϳյ̨ǲԥɽƺӰߣǧɵġ⡱
̨ڽϸҲֵֵʮ·
˹Ȼô͸ˣ
һа˹ĸ֪ˣƶٲ˶⺢һ䡣
ϾĿԵİ˹ֱˬЦģʵڲҽѣֻЦѵС㣡̨ɫѽ϶ûأǲǺܹأ
˹ԣһȺڵѪǺ죬˵ɲһͣȥȴǰ
ȴϰ˹СһӣüһʯͷѣֵǮȥűˡ
̡
ֻڨЦɽ
ȴѾʵĳӣƳвҪʺƣ̨ŤͷԹŵЦЦҧгݡ
ɢѧʱ˹ԼĶ񣬽һīյĹϹãһֱ
һֱĸںͷȰ˹һߣ̶Źһ̯֣ǳ̨ң
ϵ欱ȻҪ̨˿Ҳ˵ֱӴӻǫ́ŹҡҡЦ߻𻵣ұ֤춼һһʮĸ߰˹ӣã
ظԳݽλСBͷһΣڹ֮ǰ˳
ƽŰĹ˶С㣬³ʱңѾͷᡣ
һ·ĬʲôشѾͷŵ亹ֱʱȴͻȻڵӼﻹ𣿿бȰ˹λߵˣ
ѾͷûͷûԵĻʵһعζͼ欱ţ欶СȻУ˹λ˶˵ȥ׵ģûʲôʵȨ
Ҫ۵λÿʾ֮СΪǸճľŵֹΪƷλλԶ˹кδ㣿

15

һصƿĸо
ǹ欽ѧ﷢֮һѧûڹ˸ӾլBõӵеĵλϡ
Ͻύ˹飬·һҹ䣬ȫˣⷿЩ׸ƵǣٶĸŮĳԴ
ڹܽύĳ飬ϸеɻ
ǰԼ֣ԼŮƺȽַĺͯҪһЩϲͬһԸѾͷӡ
Ͼʱ򣬹ϻȥү鷿ЩӰ˵鼮һϴ̨ڴһţ⣬
ǰŮʶ֣ţСһܿǵīˮɬĹż
ɹǿýζģáŮšͷٴȼ
ԣʱվȥһԿŹ϶飬ҳʱһҳ½Щʲô
ÿζϸɵº壬ʣ߰˷־ͺ졣
Ȳ˵̫ͨ͸϶ɡ
ҲȫȻߣֹ顣
⻹治һ׵Ĳ¡
Ϻ޲̹һУֲðա
̫ףϼпΪǺ˼룬֢
ֻҽѰҩǻģһΪԼŮǱʲôɲĶβıԣűЩڲǺɾˡ
ЩħĽʿ£ʲôֽңܸȥСӣڣ
˼ǰ󣬹ϻǾʱϣȸˣϰԸ
Ŀǰֵҵģǹڰˡ
ѧûڸ欽¶Σ֪Сӵ˫ۣɶԼأʱʱ̿˹ϵԶ
ֻϧΪ˽㡱İ˹ƺȼ飬ϵλãԼǰţ޲ʱʱ̵̿ĶСá
ʵϣڹ϶ԣ˹ݶ裬Ѿѹˡ
ΪɺϾǸܽ޼䡢ִȻΪλ˺ദ
ദģֻǹϡ
Ҫλеദ죬˳Źȫ
ֵͼ˳빬Ůϰݵǹġáڲͬάֹرꡣ
ҪʵʵʵĲ
һжһεĽڣԽ׳ذ벽ڴ裬ʵɡ
ȫϵˣܹ޿ദ˼以ǨͣôбȻһˣеңίȫȫǨڶԷ
ϾԼ뽭ϣϵİ¡
һദ׹ʱǹΪĽϣίίĳ䵱һǨһ
ת۹ȥ£ӼԤѧãӭ˵һμտˡ
ÿһεĿˣȭʫԡ赸ȸ༼ա
ÿ˿ɲαĿĿֻҪο˽ͨͿ԰Ӧյʦ£ʽѧ
Ҳοˣٴ˾ӡ
欱衢ãտˡ
˻ߣϲòɣΪļǵãǰĴӣϲõľ輧ǡ֡
˵欵ѡĲôأϺù֣һ㣬
ͬʱ༼գ˵˽´̽ӺͶŮϲ֮󣬵óľϾԲš
ȻǶ׼Ŀǰǻλʾ
ϱʽѧͬһȴǱرɡ
ÿ˵ĶΪСBܹʮˣͨ˵а˸ѶȲ̫
ڹ֮ǰĿãһйоأһȫ̲
һ崦⾳Ỻ֣֮ڳѧ߶ԣ츳ѧλʦԹͷޡ
⣬欱Ȼһֿ˵һݣѧ˾
ȻϾ⡣
Ҳ˹˾ͬǿá
ʱʱ̣ϱǹ欣Ψһ䡣
ϡ֣ÿĵһ֮ס
欿ϣʦ߳ãϽű߽ȥʱסбһۣǼ벻м
һЦС
ڹһ֯£ϽȴǴһϮɫ쳤ۣէԵðࡣ
װ磬¼ձ款޵Ŀ٣һʱûע߽ڸOO@@Ź欵츳
òɼʦϣаڷһŻľľΣܿտġ
ʱԽģΧ˿ֵľǣÿ֣֮ͬΧһɸ꣬û뿼õĹϣ˵ۣۼڹϡ
ȴţıԼι˶ã룬ʦʩ񣬶󹧾˺ںüƣָ֮ϡ
ʱΧԾһƬӡ
ϵϵ뿼Ŀʱ˲ŷ׷װ
ΪϿ˵Ŀͬġ
ʹÿ봰Χ۵ˣ¶ɫƺСΪʮֲмĵſ¶ӡ
ɰţ·ˣȵӵˡ
úͷ۵ָ׼λãѹ¡
ţˮ
̼䣬Χӵ·˲䶨ס
ӿַ·ǧٿ鴮̣˶Уļ⡣
֮ѡӣֻΪÿٷԱ͹欵ļգûʹʵʵԼĴɲýϴʱע⵽Լ
ǣʹⵯɬΧҲ˲ˡ
ܸܵΧڵ˵뾪ޣΣֻùⵯֱβǡñȹٴһɡ
ʹ㣬֮һһ۵ĵ࣬ζزסġ
գҲռ˵һ
˹ֳΧ˹ϾһĻعŵĶԼֻ梴һ
ǣùϲ뷢飬Ƿˡ
ڶգյ˰˹룬պ¥Ϸ
ԼķˣǶ½ϡ
֪Ҫ˺Ͽǰ¾ͲʳˣĻü
Լ˫°ͣһ˰˹Ըܾ롣
˹ѾԼѧ˸ôȤɵͬ飬ǳһϯ벻Ҫôֻ梽ͣ
ĥӲ֮󣬰˹ŵڵʾȹľŻñ档
˵⻰ʱ˹Ѿһ͵飬ϾλƷСʾȫĳBͷãòȻûκˡ
ֻúӦˡ
˹ĳ谮۵ĸ

16

¥⾩ͷΪϲõǲȥ֮һ
¥λʮ⣬ͷ¡˽ֵ֣ߵ麣䳵ߴϢ
ϴʱһ̨ܶСڣǰ˹̧ůΣλƴӽͷһƬ֮С
ΣڽУƽǷ۵СʱǴ˪ƵķףССӻ΢ЩǱܵĲʡ
һţ̫
׼ϳʳЩˮϡ⣬νǰβմ
ƾݾ˵ͭУ̵˫°ͣƺԲ̫ˣǻ˰ɵá
У˰̣Ϻеһ٣ǰ㴫һߺȣΡ
漴бһŮÿС˹ϡ
ӽСֵݸŮһ˲䣬ֱμϵһһǰеȷˣ״뽭ߵ׼
̧ͷһ¥˼ûнϵӰвһЩʧ䡣
˹½κϲû˷֮ɫ½תͼѾվһԣ΢΢һ׼¥
Ϸ𣿡˹ƺδϵһס֣Ծ¥ߡ
Ҳܻ˵ǰֻɬҡҡͷ
˵Ҳ棬Դӽύ˹֮󣬹Ͻʾ֭벻ǰλκμ䡣
ʮϣʱİ˹ѾⷬȥˣΪιϾδἰأ
Ͱ˹ĿǰжԽϵ̬ȣϿóö൱ܵģΪΰ˹˺ͻȻ伣
йʮַѽ⣬ȴҲ޴Ӳ²⡣
˵ţ˹ϱЦ⣬Źϣչձڣ첽϶¥ϯָ߱ݶ쾮Թ˵ÿ쿴쾮ˣһϷӴ棬¥ǸϷ̨ϣŮ·һ
Ϸܵľһ˳ڿ˼䣬ȴûʲô
ǰϲùϷ⣬Զأļ԰Ϸǹûʶأ
ԣ쾮䡱ԣҲǸ׵ϰϷ
ת¥¥ϰټһ¥ÿտ·ֻйͷĲŮ
Ծִٵܣֻ¥Ǵȫ¥ӽѵż䣬ӰܶʱˬʵЦ
磡㣡űߣ˹ѾͲס˷ܣŹϼڣֽź磡
ϰ˰ϾǶ˹ʮΧתҹŻеĥ䣬ǻȿϯɡ
ȿڵˣɤ˿ƣӦǸ϶µк
ֻ䣬Сתȥż⣬Ծ¥˼䡣
ʱʹ¥¥쾮ϷǷ׷׾
ϷһĿɤ쾮ڻһϷϷӴ
ϴʱѾɤۣĻϷ˼ֻС˹㡣
ϵǸСãɤǷ˵Ǹк
ʼԼ֪ӳʧֻӲͷƤ߳һ΢̧ͷС
ֻżУԲˣΪ׵Ǹʮк㣬׺ϡڣһɫ˿ۣڲ
ǡӣ
ЩûϳλݰһδʱҲмɫ
ֱŵľǽϡ
ֱӽ㣬ֻȰ˹꣬һľګ֮ɫ
˼λʾ󣬲Ȱ˹ܣϱʩʩȻһһ򸣡
ǸӰʱܿߣȴǱۣܵһۡ
ϽһذװƵĳ۱üĿ续忡£仹δȫȴһɷ׿Ȼ˲㽫һԵĴӱȥˡ
ϴʱҲԼĿƣϾֵԴ糺죬Щ١
ⷬߵ̬ʮòȻǰλʾҡ
ɻ⸱նյС壬ʵƷʲô
ϷĿ΢ĴǰСľʶӼʱģſʵã˵ǸŮˡˡ
Ůһ̵ûΪϼǲȫԼʧˣֻѵƫͷһ۰˹ѾͷȡҲ̫ˣ
ϣ˹˷ܽܣϵã
ԣԵλʾ׷׳ЦӲָ˹ðɲϾŻԴף˶λð
˹ٺһЦǣŹϣֵİŽ̧ͷǸϾŶ˸ý㣬һ۰ʲô׿ɳԵģ
ϴʱΪŮƺŶģŰ˹Ҫһ۰Ǹŵ£ʱһ£ϻҪ¶ϲȰЦݡ
ֲƴڻȡЦ˰˹һϯżʹһϸĽŲɼ١
ŵʥģڹʮֽ裬ԲȥĶǰӵŮʮϰٸԶ
ԴӸһ󡰰硱ĽŲһЦЦϣϾŵıϵˣ
ںһЦˡ
ûЦֻѰŤͷ⡣
ʱͼһȺѾͷСⲽűߣֿվԣóһ߳һСĹŮ߼΢΢һ
˹һ˷ܵùŮӱߣù
϶ΧûʲôȤд̾ŵµģɵλʾ棬һδܵ֡
ؾصվ˹ԣŮеС죬ĪʼϷʵĻЦ
ʱ£ȣﻹûڷŽõıͰŮһŵ䱡ɴƫƫ£ŵӤȻźı죬λƷСʾ
˹ƿھŵϵıһǣֻǰһеķߺ·һ˲䱻һķɢˡ
Сһţһ˫ǳ۾ڣĴǰİĻİŮ
ǺɰСڰţ΢΢̣µСǼ̵ģ·𾫵ϸ봿ѪͳĳӣЩ졣
ǰξŵ£ڴϯϣνӴȴûϳӵ˫ۣʲôͫɫ
ϸŷ֣ŵµ˫ͫԭǳ÷ɫڰɵģǳȻƵ¹⣬͸ѩ׵ĴɴһĨˮ롣
ֹڣɫѹֽйζûп塣
Լ쳣־ľŻã˹̧ͷĳЦЦִӱͳŵµС֣ʾ
һЦ˳ӵĽԼʳָͽŵġ
Сһһ³ĽëһѾս˹ϵʳָԼС͡
æҪ֣û뵽СľɲСƣȻ׻鲻
ţָʹһƬȵĴУСһİ˱ָ߳Իۣһ˫ǳͫӳĽë¿רעĶŹϣǡü壬·ʹ΢ƵЦ⡣
ϣ
ԭСʱˣһô
ϾãԼǰλҲЩ⡭
££СֲܳԣһԾŵµġŮæȥקϵֱۣڽϵʳָȳ
ŵ¾ͲˣͷǰС
ܸоԼʳָСȫǺ̲סʵ㣬Сˡ

17

һѣ˹Ƴ˲ףæĨһԴϡϡСë
һֵĺ
ˣ𣿡˹Сһ١
ŮŵһվŵĹּæǰ͵ذ˹£ŸģӤŵãūտλСʾӹǺãģ
Ȼ԰Ը˵һ̧ۣԲһ˳Ļʾǡ
Ϻӽ㣬ʱȷǾ˼ҵֳ󣬴ʱֵĿⶢòڣֻ÷׷Բ
ƹΣȻߵ˹͹֮䣬ͷ˿ľŵ£ȻЦӾ㣬òŲġ
ϼ϶Ȼæһ͵͵Ų˼Լ̵С½ԼȻٵ
˹СüͷлвץŹСָ첲ǿСϣʵĵط̧ͷ彭˵㿴涼ȵ÷ˣһô죿
ϱǿ˾Źཱུһ̱죬˿̺˹ȥǿС⣬ȻСһƺֵùһ㡣
һʱⳡܻ̲סҪЦֹ˼˹̬ȣæһ֧Ÿ첲⣬һס죬˼״
Ըоһԡ𶯡Ƭ̣͵͵Ц꣬ɿ־ֵ࣬ѹɤã𡭡ˣϾϰԼţôůͣҰǣϸ
ԣͷ˿ŵС첲סһЦּæס죬Цֱ¡
һЦŵҲȾˣƴЦ˹ҲŷӦ漴Цſ˾ŹСָ첲ϡ
ջԾҲپЦҡҡͷİ˹Դ
ƳЦ˵˫ۣһԳͷСʱҲһ˿ϲá
ŵ²״ЦԼһ̱죬ר־İԼС֡
ϺȻͷԼ΢Цŵ¾ҲЦѽѽģ󼤶õСȣϽް
һžڽС衱ŵùϼæ˼ܿСߡ
˹һЦͷŹϰο£ż˭ôУ
εĻһЦЩ
˵СʱźвϾǰǸĺľǧһۣһǳļǳۣ
Ⱦŵ³󣬻᲻ԼʱķˡȫҲ˵
˼˴ϲЩ飬һۿֵľŵ£־ñôСŵЩҲסԣĶСһӣ˸ʾ
Ϊһμİףŵ˫ǳͫڵģڹϣԼʶĿЦСٴκķķ
һ⣬˵ԼеģʲôûԩͷծҪ޾ͺԼ
˿̣ӵĴҲͲסָӣԹţÿϾһһͶѪƵΧڣ˶ˣٲԣֵĲ˰
Ʋ˴һۣ˵ѹԺֳһӵĲˣһɲ̫ס
գЦĻϯš
ϱ뽭磬ȻҪһüա
ȴϣⳡ粻Ƕټҳ㷹ǰ˹԰ԼͬĲŻһֱϲչϿʱķ⡣
ϣȻֻ˳ԼСõԸʱԹޡ
ɢϯǰӻ˹ʵҪϾŴ̸Ҳ񫡣
˹ҲֺǺЦðﶼ߰žˣúأ
Ц彭ʹ˸ɫ
ֱûͷ첻Ӧ
ʵЩĻʾ֪˹ĸ൱ϲճĳƷСʾ
ΪԼֻһλ˶һֱԺиʾ̣ԣԴŵ³ǱŷֺȹֻСʾ档
ȹǱ֣ײ꣬ĳ˵һЩȫ˽⣬ԼĸŮ飬Ҳ˿ûз֮ģܿá
ȴ֪˼
ô˹ҲԼĸЩʸƷʾĳ̫ѿ۰˹ʧ档
ɰ˹ϾǸСȻĸ۰ŵЩԴףҲ̲£ȫ״ӻеѡ
ȻһԵĹȴһ˲Ǳ͵һͰˮô
ͷüһİ˹һʹ˹Ȼĺӣ
ɻһӱˡ
֪˹Ϊʲôǰ˸ἰ
ļǵãǰ䴫ԣŵ¹ϵ
ӵ۴߷磬ӵŵΪھŵ³󣬻˽ᡣ
Ǽ٣ϲȷϾʮ꣬Խ²ָ顣
ǣʮһ꣬һĪе乬
Ұ֮УԴµĲ²Ҳ˷׽Ӱд˵ھŵµļӷʧǡ
巢ʲô£ϵʱҲûֻۣʼ˽£ȻҲѯʡ
ǵãⳡ粨½Ҳܵǣ
ʱŵһҹ䱻зʥ֮ȵס
ϵڳȤ֮巢ʲôһŲ֪
Ѳ룬ӵľŻŮ⵽˴˹ΪŮ¾ֹۡ
һʱ飬ګګǰһǡ
űĽ£ʱ˿̣λЦĴȰ磬һ˿뼵ޡ
˹ǵĹԲϣδĴӶЦ
ľګһԸ裬ʱĶԴЦЦ
֪ӽ֮ʱǷ񻹻ǵô˿̵֮顣
һ˲˾סļ⣬Ȧһ죬ͷдתòײû
ͻȻԼ˵ģ֮䣬δйֿĸ飬δʹҲһ˿еİʹ
Щ֮ҵĺǣȴҪ̫Ĳѡ

18

ȴ˵ɢϯ֮󣬰˹ִҪ·ϣһӾؼҡ
۵ĸٴҵùϷֲ嶫ѡ
󣬻ǽ˰˹ŵԽͻؼУ˹ա
ϱùйҡһ˵ҪУֿ˻Դϲ̾Ĭˡ
ԭֻΪƭԼİ˻Щع϶ҲͬѴУĸùΪʾأ
˭֪СӾȻĸҡ
˹һ뿪ϱͷȥﲨߺС˽ӣȫûиƴǵ˼һ䡰ͼݵ¡Ŀû˵
ĿɿڴӾСϽΣջǺЦֻ̾һ˹ϰŵĶ̧Сӣһ·̵ƹСǡ
ڽһϮŻʾһ̧˽ӣǿɾͻ֮ˡ
һ·ϣϲ޶ԣ˼õĹλһδع󸸻ʻܶʣһֱü΢︴ŽеǬƪ
֪񣬿ɶڽ˼Щԡ
ǰ϶ֳ軤޲ʱʱ̿ػҲϰˡ
񣬽ҪȻ٣һˣڽϲԽŶ䣬ȽԵڨ
˰·仹һԹɵȴʼյȲϵʻв⽹ơ
뵽ǾнԸ񣬹ֳЦԾýϱںߣԼС壬ʲô˺ߵĲλ
΢΢һǣǰһ㣬͵͵עϵĽϡ
ϲͷʱŹ龫ֵһСͷ˲ӷӡ
ɴǰĽϣȻᱻƤľٶòͷʱ˿̣λʮĻʾɫȴ
΢˼²еСΪţ֪δҶԶʲ͵͵
Խתͷ⣬º͵Ŀڵչǰͷĺͬڣаʱ㵽ˡ
һüΪζԼʱ
ӾûĻԼ˵𣿲˽д𣿲ʦӺδ
Ȼһ·Ӿţֻ½ʱ˵˾䡰Щˡ
ϵһ׹ߣ½κɫʧĶлȴҲֻõޱһͷͼתͷ޻عˡ
ȻʧĻ˸ļѾͷһѼö쾱һϻӿߴߴĴѯʹϼЩʾ˶ô
нӽεѾͷ̾ǻʹˣûոջͽǱɰɫ
ϱ˱죬˵ϲŲҲ붶ŮԼظľף̫ǳвʱС΢͵Щȷݡ
ǰ˫ޣԲԤѧѧκμգɺѹʽѧ䲻㣬ֻÿѧãЩ˽´鼮
һ󲿷鼮δԹĳѧйأֻδΪϷֵظ
£ʽѧӼ࣬뿪Ԥѧá
ͬʱҲ˵ϣμ˴㹬Ԥѡ
ǣԼȻѡˡ
±Ȼͨ˳ѡŮ٣ȴ޷
Ȼ˹ʢҲ޴ӶһĹԼЩĶ
ѡ½йʮȻѾǰʶϵ˼ɾĿǰԣƺǰ·ͽ͵ı
˵˹Ӽ࣬ȴ޷ӽϣ޷ֹӵʶ
ȲıЩʲôһվԭĹ켣򣬻ǰУ𿾡
֮һգүȥͷҶ˳Ҳ˹һС
ϴ̤ʱоһĪĽǣһ·϶ԵóĬ
֮󣬹ϱʯ³ɽҰĺҶε뵵ɽҰ֮䣬ԼΣϢйǡ
ͣһɽǰϢʱݷѪҪɽ;Ĳɲδܾ
һڴסݷʱʯҲ˹ϣ׼һɽ
һ˲䣬Ƕβ׵Ļ䣬ڹԺ
ˣʯɽġ
ɽ֮ʱʯײ˹ƼϵĹ欣һѷסЩ¶µĹϡ
欱ʯһײ˵ڵزϥǣùس̣һظȱźϳѾͷ
һ̣ȫ
ʱܾȣܵĻرһξµͷǾտµһĻĻŻǰԹ
ϻعֻһͷ㣡ţŤСӿŶʹֵùү˽ͻظС
ȻʯҲߣȫ˸
ּ֡
ĵǣ׵ӭж⣡
ʯȻȹһ꣬˹Īģδ֮ã
벻˴㹬ҲǰμӾᣬݱ֮Ů߳һء
ǰʧȥҫٴ
ʱۣӵָ䰲Ȼڹϼ̤Ԥѧõ꣬һ˵ĳ֣ѧƽӼը˹
λѧĴС֮ͣ޲ϲˣǰճǸСӡŵ½¡

19

ʱֵĵ޵ʱڣѾˡ
۵ѧôԺǲԵСȪϣϡϡķһԴ޵ĻУεεůɫ㣬沨
ԺﾲĵģѧСѧǣһ쳤⡣
Ժſڣ۵ִ൶֮ϣֽյĿ⾯׺ݵѧø估ݶ
ţһͯ鲽߽ԺŮֽ
һѧſڣųɢǹµóȺ룬ǸڿֵСӰ
£Сֲܳԣ
һ΢ĿףϵڴеĹżŲƲƲ죬⡪
Сݵˡ
ѧúǵע£ŵСȣСͯߵ߶ƹǰŵͣ˹ԡ
վ֮󣬾ŵϰԵſС˫ۣͯӵϰڹԣƵ滨ľȦϣˡ
ϵİū澵ʽʼˡ
ڰ˹һ֮ǰѾԤѧãʲңʥƼ˹ϡ
뿼ˣ˳ͨأõùӼȫۺĲ¡ŵ
ŵµͯǰںñīֽ鱾ʹ˸ɫ˼ǡͶˡ󹧾˳ѧá
ϵܸӣ˿ĿѹͷһڿֵСһһ΢Ц
ʱͬŵ²ûкܻĻӦϵЦݣֻɿеС֣ۺĶ
ббĴھŵ˳Ľëϣ˫ǳɫ˫ͫУһƬŨŨӰ
Īļ£Сһĳ봿Ѫͳĳв죬侫£һ˫һЦЦģüβһ˵ϣùֱ͸˵Ļָ̿С
ҪֱжסĿ־У漴ڨʲôѽ
ŵĿ΢΢תûʻƵģŤͷϵ鱾
ϣ
ȫĶ̬ȣй϶ⳤɰСһ˿øУѸٽ£ӣŵ¶ߣʵˣ
ŵɺ޻Ӧϵ鱾ͼ
һסĸ첲΢Цųе鱾Ľ̵£ⲻܳԵġ
ŵƯ˫ͫһ˿ʧ䣬ŤͷһԵ̨
ϵЦѾҲסˣСһ񻹲˽ô
У˹صظǸܽҡ˵רξŵµķ
ԭҲû棬˿ȴץסݰ㣬ѧ﷭ǴֽŵСһ澹ɽҩ֡
ϼ״һ㶣ƳһԣֻС˫ۣ৵ľˣ
ŵ²ûʳֻ۰ͰСɰ״ŹϿһ¾ʹ޷״̬лϬ״̬
ֻһԿܵջԼϮԼϽɡеʳ
˦˦ԴŬ֡侲עžŵ£ٴʵʲô֣
ϾãСһﳨĵһҲӦܻش⣬Բżʳ
ȻһΣŵ˻ӦϾС֣ԼСǼ⣬˸šơ
ϱⲻСһЦҡҡͷҲУ֪Լʲô𣿡
ȷǽ£ŵȻⲻ̫У̳ŵ¡ֻʽ㶼šϾšǵľǸš֡
εһðɣŵ£ҽйϣסˣǸϣԺѧҪԹҵĻ𣿡
ŵûش䵽ĸ㣬Ͱ͵һڡ
ϲòϣʱڵɱʵ̫ˣһһһС񣬶ܹȫĵı
漴ͽ̯ϣ˺һֽһ⣬ݵŵС
ʱѧãѧʩ󣬱㿪ʼڿΡ
ŵѧõĵһÿΣǡ꡷ϾѶԹһ㣬ûж
ѧͨ飬û壬ѧжʱ
ϵһ쵱ȻҪֵøһЩص飬Ծŵһһֵʶ
ŵ°⣬ͷβûһۡ
Ҳڹ֮Уջһһ۵Ķȥ
ϣƲʧ񲻿ɳ»֮ν㪡һ̣ԵСһͻȻڣһڡȦ
һ㶣Ŀ鱾̧һľŵ£ʣ˵ʲô
ŵб۾֪ǲǴϾĿ⡭ܱġ
ڵòش𣬹ֱСһҺһظ㪣ӡ
Ȧ
δ䣬ٴαŵһġȦϣ̲סüͷСһһۣ˵ȦʲôȦתּȥ
ԭֻСһǹ⵷ңû뵽ʱ֮ʾҰٴδͨһ¡
һ˹ϵɻ󡪡֣㪡ʱһ־ȻǶǸȦͬ
ϾżƧ̫࣬Ҳǵһϴ֣Ȼ𾪵ģǷžŵǽġȦ
СôָܻĴ
Ϻ֪ıƳڰڶľŵ£ʱߵڸطȥ
ŵķŭڶжʱ򣬹һѴסŵµСָ첲ȱˣָǸ㪡֣ҧгݵʣʶ֣
ŵһãȻۿִԴԼ⣬һ㡢һԼĸ첲ʳ
ϱ˵ķ֣ԼȻһСʾ
ǰû
޿̣þŵ²һѶĸ㣬ֽãؽ˵شҵĻ֪öװˣ
ŵ¾ͲˣŹϻֽ˦СȺ»ҪһҪ
ð㣡ŭ죺˵ǰɣǰɣش겻׼ԣ˵ϲϵ֣
һץ鱾ƵСǰ㷭һҳҪ׼ԡ
ŵ²꣬ȷʵԼʲôֶϵ֣ʱһԴСëʪˣŹϣԴҡò˹Ƶġ
СһĲʶ֣԰ɫͻʵô֪㪵ģ
⻰ŵˣŤͷͿѧǰվŵֱŬ졣
һͷˮ˺һ׹Сһ˼ǣո˶
ǣֻ鰡
һôܾͼǵˣǲɺϣ᲻Ǽǵһʣ
ϰס𾪣ʣܲܰѸո˵Ƕλͷ˵һ˵ˣͿٳһ顣
ŵ¼еĳգգۣԥĿڱ괺֣ƽҲ
϶鱾ϵּžŵЩڳݲıУ𾪵ûĺë
ŵһֲı꣬Ѿ޷Լ顣
ԾɲţСһܱгֻĹģǣַһƪģԼһ䣬Ҫŵ½һ䡣
ŵȻӲȹȫһ֮ӡ
һֲ
𾪵ĿǰཱུСһ·ѪҺý
һ̣ãǰϰһ㶼ˡ
ңͻȻãλ֮Լǳ𣬿ܡǹģֻ̫ʹ
ԣǸɱǧġ㪡֣ʱ絶ʡ
ܲܽһνǰôĳ
ϸæͳֽüĿĶԾŵƭأǰǶģŸĳȦҶûд㶮𣿡
ŵ³ʳԥĵ˵ͷһϡ

20

ѧߵĵ񻨴չбţϳӰͶڹϵʱճɢѧ
ϵһİôĻˣ˶ֶһûˣСһﵹǲź
ŵ´ʱ䶼ڰ⣬󣬾ͶΧİƣʱʱģ±˵Ķһֱܰ
ǻûƤ͡
֮ͯǰϳŵĨ˰ߵĸⱻĹַ֡
˹˵ĺӶ̺ÿͶֻܳ԰˷ֱ˺߷ֱ
̫ҽԺҽϸʳףСʾһܳԼ⣬ʳҵʱ֮⣬Ůֶᾡúմ
˵ŵһ̱컹ûʣʵСӶء
˽ιʳǲϹصģףҪ˹Ҳ͵͵ԣǰϽֽѧغãŸھŵ󣬵ͷ鲽š
Ժ͹ŮԴŵ³ţѸٱóһ
ϿСߵ߶ܵһŮȱߣ৵ľչֻС첲̧ͷҪ
ŮȴûбСֻĿڵȹԸĻС¿ɻǵãѧﲻҪū澱ȳ˹Ӽ࣬۾ˣ¹԰
СʧĴһԡС򡱣ԹԸǰͷ·ͯߡ
ΪŵµİйɵͣҲøһȺŮУŵһš
ھŵµġšִӼԺĴʱҲǡвſڣֻͯƿɱС˲ֹһء
ȻһˣɹԽϵӰУԶСڵĺˡ
ĽŲŤͷһһ˫ķĿʱЦɤӣţ
䣬ֻȺ֮УһСӰļһɳȥͨһײڽϣһ̧С첲סȣ״ڽϽϼе㣡㣡£
ϣ߼·С
ϱСһקһͷһˣСţϵЦⶼˣ˵˾ŵ££ǵСһڡ
ϻûüʣͼСҲյգһڣˮ˿
н࣬˿̱СôһǣϱΪ᲻ãȴϣһӣֵ÷·ٻƵģŻľŵЦŽѧЩʲô
С΢ſڣƬ̣漴ǳͫһУһƲۺĶȻģ½ǹ̬
Ƕ̬СѧýиΩΩФ
ϼ״һЦæס죬žϱˬʵЦ
ЦȾùŮǶЦ̧ۣͷϣͼ̧ʳָ˵ŵµСǼ⣬Ц۽Ƕˡ
һĻùͷһů
ԭ۰ŵ£ǾĳޣλʾǸµδ
ϵͷ룺ע£Ҿͱǰҳ˾ѵδȻ
־֮ʱɤٴδѧòѧɵģѧЩʫĹŴûУ
ŵգգۣ˷ܵ񲻡
ϣ
΢Ŀɻʲô
ڷСظ顰񲻿һͷˮĽһѹɤε˵𣿡
ŵüëֱСԴ˷ܵͷĴëŶĿ϶ߣ̵ֶǰ

üã̲ŤͷԸԵӵȥһ£Ԥѧõֵһλ
ֱʣпôϱ˺ϣ°Ҷң
Ļ˸ԺٲܱСץѱһͷԽү鷿һŵʱ
**
ɽ˻ʹССƣԶԶȥϽǣɢһҹǺӡ
һϮߵ°б᷿׵̫ʦ֮ϣŹǴɲüһڡ
ͷŵԴأֵĶڴϣɸϺƵġ
ɡϽ豭һԲ輸ϣ˵Ӷ˻ȥ˳ٸ˾ĳ´ȥŶ˵
ڵϵһ̧ӣߣɾϵıᣬȴûл̧ͷֿ̿˶һֵۣͷ֧֧֮
һüЦһ᲻ӣ
˼æֿ˸ͷС˲ң·Ըֻǡֻǡ
˵ü΢
ڴʱ᷿һЦЦһ䣬һ٬ŮɤڵֻǣѾЩͷ棬ˡ
æӭǰʶׯ򰲡
ŮһϮ̺ɫ˷ȹҡҷˣһ˫ФƽϵķĿбб첲ֵݸϡ
ϼǰסĸȥ̫ʦ¡
ׯǴȰĽϵ֣ͷԵϵ˵ȥɡ
һüͷȥҲֵ̿ĿҶ
ϸеĸĿԼвãֻó΢һͷʾУæл¡
ׯЦһֻԼĸһԣйŮ漴ϵЦٿȻȥ񳤴ˣûˡ
˺صʶҡ
𣿡ׯϳŭ¶ȴɶԽͷ̧
˳̧ͷͼׯһָŪŷϵһԾ²ҡЦЦ˵⸱ͷ棬̳죬ͷһһġ
ϱ˳ƨĸŸΪޣ
ׯһЦžǸǴ͵ġ
һ⣬ͷü룺ˡ
ׯ̾һʽչԹʧӣһֱ棬ôͷأ˼ʱգͨ˼˸̵Ļʾӣ񱾹㡭
ϻ˱ֻۣõϥأʶܡ
˭˵ܣׯȻθһڲ輸ϣòˮ磬ǳ㲻ʹԼȨ
ϼĸѻˣԥƬ̣֧׳ŵӷҪʶѧǽᵳӪ˽ܻ¸ʶɵһӵ⵰

21

һׯ÷ĿԲˣ˳Ů񾹸ҵ棡
ׯһʱٶŲλһŭںͷһתǱ˻ȥ
˽⽭ϣ⺢ǫѱҪƼˣɷúأ
һ׼ҵ֣򴥲ãֻġ
˼˴ׯӣЦЦϣ۶ˣ
ɤŽŮеĽᣬһͽûŭϸռǻѪһ¾ͱˣڵϴ⶯ȴ˵ݻ
ׯݺһϣ·𷽲ŵĽȫĸһ㿴Žϣĵζ̫Ũֻ˼ڣΪͷţֽһصģһһðա
ϸձŭûɢŲƫͷĸˡ
ׯδ㾾Թʲôģǵøջʱͷһ̥飬Ϊ˱ס㣬ǲǷϱˣ󷴵岹ùˣ̥ЩѲ
ԣϲͷׯеŭлͣƬ̣סׯ֡
ׯ̬ǵļ䵽ʱһѹŮźҽôűһһҹƽˡ
Ҳ֪ԼʱĶ̧֪ͷҪһۣԼûᡣ
Ű㱧ǰһͨСӣʲôʹ඼оˣһվ˯ȥﶼ𡣡
԰գȦ죬ׯҲͷᣬžʵı֤ǻʶܣĸڸЩʱգȻʶһ㿪·ĸʧ
ׯ⻰˼ɾҲӪʱŮͨȴҲٳڱȣֻǿ΢Цա
ׯѽ˺ʱ̽ŶƮɢѬýͷԷǣ˼㸺ȥ⡣
ҹڵŨ뵻ƮͷµĹ󣬱γһ»͸·ɢе
ŮĽŲһϮɴϽϵļȴַȥˡ
ϻعͷ»µͣŮҡҡͷݡ
һˣ·Ȼ֣һҹ֮䳤ˣʮԾȴѱ߳ͷ
ͷҹɫϵĺΣŶⲽˡ
Χϸֻͷ£ãһ˫ĿչЦڵ͵͵С

һȺʡ

ֻʡ
**
ʱ£Խ硣
ȥѧõϣĬŽҪ̵£˿ûŵĹ欣ƺЩ쳣˷ܡ
欲ʱ̧ŹϣѰͲסϲ
˹ߺ󣬹ִ˹ͷ޶ĳƷСʾ
Ϣһֱ͹һˮϺ͹ﳹը˹һʱ޲㣬ȴ޴йߡ
⾾ĵĵڣ欺Ȼˣڽ̷ѧգ˴ӵʱһӵܵ׷һʱڹӼഫ
ʱգ款¡ĸˣֽɢѧԲĵʱĶȺ͸¶˵ԼӾУܾŮõ꣬˵ίˮüİҪϡ
Ҳգ欵֪λͨЩͷСˣѾٰͯ̽˹ÿյ٣ڽն֣ѵ
ϻȻ֪˽µĹҲ϶ûΡ
Ѿֻ̤֪ʾİΪҵĿɲǰ;δǵ
һһ·Ĭ³Ŀбӵ̤Ӽ࣬һţͷʱѵóõ΢Ц
žĳһۣһЦͷ
ڹ欵ķѧúأھŵ¼ݵûбʾ顣
ֱһÿνȫСġʳⲨǰⴧڶΪС׼Ǹ⣬滯ˡ
ŵºʧ䣬СֶˣʱʱԹƵš񲻿õá
ϱСŪɳ׾ֺãûعǺС
Ǹ㡱ͻȻԼСն·ˣСȣһڴ

22

ϵ̼ҲɿЩĿһӱ˫ǳǳһ˫˽ȥԾ̧֣ȥСཱུա
ŵһԴ㿪ˣһ̧Сסϵָǰۿ˿ͻȻǳͫ͸Ľëϣഽ΢΢¶׼ʽЦ
΢ЦɱԽһѧõľ󵱳ǰʧǡ
ҲⱻСЩ񣬻æܿߣͼջػŵĵָСһﲻҪְɣ
ЩȣҧعͷϵĿžŵ£εС˵¡ɿҡ
ﾭŵ桰͵ϮϷԴѵСһķӦԵϺȻֵʱ򣬾ŵ¾ͱܱܿ׽ס֡
ͨŵҪڵõĿ佱󣬲Ż֣ϴʱӦȴСһʮֲϰߡ
ԾŵЦ⣬ЩղáĶסϣߴٹϸϽԼӦ죡
ѾܵŵĪŭапࡪô粻Ѳ
֮УϺŵǸ⣬æֺõĳС嵽£׼˳Եģɿ֣ø㡪
ŵ۾৵ľˣɿ֣˷ܵĻ˻Сȣ³Сͷ촽
ڨЦͳǸ⣬մԼͨ⣬ڸп϶ŷƵĸ㲻ܱȡ
ҲЩֻССһ飬ֽãĵݵŵС
ңС죬Եøһ㡣
˿ʼžŵн̵¡
һѧ֮ǰϰԵҪȥһͤľ
С˸򸣸ˣת߳ѧá
ղͬŵŤͷ˻뿪ıӰȻȦΣߵ߶ĸȥ
ϴʱѾ߳ѧãվԺһȺҰУСֺǺǵĸѾûȥԹáˡ
ϿһΧͥϵĿ⣬ֻõͷԸСЦЦ鲻ԸĴСһһȥͤ
˱һȺţߵͤĹκʯ⣬ͣ½Ų
ߣֻЬBڵľˣͣǰͷбۣһΪʾСȥһء
ŵ»Ȼһ˦ϣȳʯţ

ϿС޳ܵıӰʾ󾻷񰡣
ȻΧеȫûҪִ˼Ĭ˾ŵ¿̽󾻷ĺġ˾ûῴˣҪʹ찡
Ϸ׺䶥ѲҪСΧ֣
ţ
ʱŵѾɱûӰˣΧֻһȺܽ뾻ĸ߼ӾֻӲͷƤ߽ʯţֱӰСͻѧá
չձڣĴԺĿһƬҩ࿪ŵ»Ծۡ
ŵºȻ룬ŶδõĬBߺСƹשСȥˣΧһ¾Ͱ
ߵſڣڻŵ
δ꣬һµ͵ش̽һס죡
Բɣ屻һֱֻסһٽԺȥ
֮УϵĽżʯשϳһǳǳİ׺ᡣ
ͻϮùϼ޷˼ֻһ
κǸĬB˿ûѵĿܣԽͱյø
סڱǵĴ֣ҪϢʶѸģȥ
˭˭ӺȻ欵ЦݣǼ䣬˾סֺܿ侲Щ˾ֳǾ
˼ͷĴ̿ѾԺѹڷǿڴˮǰ
ת˲䣬ǰĴܳĸڲСˣȴͯķװ
ֽסϵ̧һԵˮ
н㣬׹Ҫ

£ڹӼҲǵһطˡ

BӽէůĴһˮػһ纮ȴ浽ţٸҲץˣֻܳƿ
ڹ֮ʱС˺ȻֽţڱǵĴҲɿһЩ
þȫһŻ̧һˢˢĿֱߵķ
ϸҪбۿȥͷһС˵ҪҪһץ
һ˴ëͷЩ
䣬Ͼ͸оֽһһСһˣ
ԣΪȣæб۳Ŀһԡ
Ǿŵ£
ңžŵཱུСӣھԼ߲վţﻹ߬ŰûǸ⣬һĿż˳סֽš
ʱʱǰͷŵϹϵı飬档
ϾĿŵ£˿ֻ̣ҪСһȣһȺڸ֣̳ȺĻӣ
Ȼŵ˫ǳǳУдĶǺ桪֪ȺʲôϷڵȴԼһ桱Բһֶ߰Ŀ
ͷĻһüһһͷ
ɿϽ󣬳ŵֱ˹ȥ
ͨһ죬СǰһΣֻͬﾹ˸գһĵڵأ
ץǸëͷͯȴ֪ξͶ㿪ˣʱԴԣͷЦϵĻֵ׽£
ſڱǵĹϣ
˭Ϸ캰˾
СûǺ˵ʲô֪ͨĻʾԳƱȴƷʾԳǡ¡Բûв³ǰ⺢ӵݡ
ǿһС˻ع񣬿˾ݺݴһ²ƤһԾٴŵ£
ŵµһμūţַŵĸԼϷĵö㶼ˣֺǺǵվԭأǻһ˸š
һȺҶʾһ£¿ɾִˣ
ǾߣҲѹ欲
ѲɣѾͷҪȡˣһʱ侹ǿ־壬зһ˿⣬ȴϡ
ǻһסŵµ󣬻˳ҪĵϵǸ⣬ȥ㶼ŵ½š
ţҲ֪ǻôģȻȥСǸ⡣
ŵˣ
һ˫ǳͫɵùԲǸⱻٵòϵ޿̵ĺǳһ
䣬ֻŵ¶Ȼһ̧⣬͵غ
һصġˡ֮ǰŵĻӣԴһײһʱðǡ
ӻδüҽУסŵָͱȻս̶ֻϥͷһǰСһһŵؿڣպ󷭣绮һƯĻȣָԾֱһʱһ󡰸Ĺը죡
⧲޺
ţŵһŭĺǳ⡪ڣ
Ѿ񣬾ŵ»䣬ֻͷಡƷһȺ׷۵ճ£һŲڻϵСϥأָʾ
ŹϵļӲһȺƽ񣬿˼ŵķ̾ŵ̱ڵأӴ˼ûˡ
ϴ˿һƬհףԼ˽۸Сϱû棬ͳˡ
ʱٻСǸһĻֻءл겻ɱ֮

23

ȣϵȺͽʣ㼱Żųͷ¡
䣬鲽һѽдļ˫ۣŵԡ
ϵĺľͰŵĿ־͸ֻ֧̫ȽŷĶĺ
ѽʱƳģһ绹죬ʱǳɫƲ㣬ѹõ͵͵ģƫͷֻʣһλεͷѹֵý
һȺĽͽ廨ժȥ֣һѺ˾Ѻ
Ͽż˱ӰԶ룬ߺһ˵ɤͷһˡ
͵ػͷͼһ¹ڳԣһִ䵶֮ϣһգ紵Ʈεùϻӣŵӻضһ䣺½ܺߣιҪߣ
һҾصǣֻЩڹ󰸡
ﲻ𣿡Ͽɲ뱻Ѻʣȥ棬ǼӲЩƽ趯̱ʳòṩ
Ҵ±Ͼغ˸լʹ˱ض²
ùٸԸ˳ϣ欣ֻ¶֪ܺߣΪ
˾㳯ԾŵŲĺ˾䣺£ǻѧðɣˡ
ŵ´ʱհʣµĸ㣬С½ǵ˵תͷϣϺ֪¶Щ۵ľɫ
ΪϻСһﲻ˼ֱŹϲʱž½̽һ䣺Ҫء
һ㶣СһίС²˾ţҪ˺壬Χû͹ŮôŤ󣬻ҪءȥĶȹ
Щ̣ɹҲѾСһͰ͵С񣬶Ķˣžŵһ֣ʵ
ŵ۾һ৵ſһСָ첲һ˵ϻͷ
ǣŵ£ֱֱûֱ
Сһó
ϵͷ˿ԼСţʱɵ״ԹԵԼ
ƽʱСһﵹҲѣɴʱ˫ʵʹֻΪѣ΢΢ֿ˫ţɶ״þȫסŵ£һᣬ˻ߵķһ
û
ϣ
һ
ϰڵϣƣߵıС˻ε£ǻȥǸòã
ŵһ¾Ͳίˣסϵָͤһ񱼶ȥ
εĻһȴҲҴӾŵˣֻ÷ͤӡ
Ͼӭ洵ů磬ͷԼŵ½ĵʳָĪİС
ػһľʹδ̤ʵΪ֪ǰһжǾˮ£а˺ˣսǸҵδ
ΨԵľŵ¡ˣǲһģ⣬һö£δһ˿Ҳޡ
бžŵ°նյСӣשͶŨŨӰǼӰͬʮͦΣ·˹ܴõİȫС
**
·һգɢѧ֮ʱӶӵĹͱѺˡ
ظϸսţԺ˻ߵĿһš
ǿֵ欽ˡ
ЦһȣȻߵԺƳһǱٲƵʯͤӡ
ĸŮ޳һţһⲽĹү׶Ķ㣬쳤̾
Ҳ֪һϷݶˣǹ޸ģ
ֱûѾͷֱ߽ݣؽţϵ徻
϶ˣϽɤӲ
ȹϻشͱһãȻ޴ǰϵ־ꡣ
ϣ
Ͻڲ輸ãüʵѧǳʲôӣ
ϵϵֱǣͷϣİ
ϺɵĶŹգգۣѹɤϽ磬ͽ欽ظſڹСӣʲô¶˵һĿޣĸŮԭ欽Ϊ£
ЦЦһЦСӣⲻ
ϵС֣׷ʵˣô£
żϱһµ͵Ϯ˵˳ʳ˴ţйأϲˡ׷
ϵ֪£ɫ࣬æ׵ǰȣϸϸһûв˺࣬΢˿ŭѵô£Ĳ
ϼ۵ģæס׵ĲǶûңͱŵ¸̵ˣһأ϶һͷûԣûﵣġ
ǸжһѱסŮҧ´̵ĳ
ۿһ죬æ§ϣ嵽ްⲻû¶¶ǶҪˣ
Ϻ޵һ۽ǵᣬɿϣҪȥۣȴ֨ѽһƿü۵߽ţɫ˪Ƶı
϶ˣ
үǿǵĴڨֻһθϻһɵӦ
ɫ࣬кأһڣ̾ȱ̬欶Ѿͷ̫Ƥˣ
һĿ⵶ӰүƤ͵ϮŮֻƤ
뻭ɱҽЩ欶͵𣿹ٸˣȺСү˽µĹ欶ߵġ
ǰҲšȽӻЦĿŹүȻ޹أˣʲôϢȥգٸۣܿһҲӣ

24

1
ϴɤöȴͬܣΪ
ȶ˹ү·ӣֱ˱áϢľģҭùүֱ㶵ĵ˵һ仰
ԭһϯǰڣ㵱Ůƿڴȴһס
Ů⼸ǧĻûһ䲻ģȴ絶ֱԷҪͨ泩Ըһͨá
üۣĹϵԴָŵȻ̬бŹүЦ˵ûҲø欽޹أϾ˭ó˴ĺӣҲҶˡȻôţүҲذɣ϶˾۵ЩţúöϢ
үôһ£εվԭغ˼䣬֪϶ίЩȷʵ欶ϵ
С֮䣬ЩìҲǳеģöԱ˱Թܲܰѱһʱ嶯𣬶һʮͯϰɣ
ʲô˼Դ࣬һãȻ˵۲˵ˣֶ㣬۵ȹٸĶᡣ
ЦбڵĵŹࡣ
౻Ƶ޻ֻ̯ƵΪٸ׷欶ͷˣҲϾѾֻܺۼ϶ŵȫ޹أҲɴС
еļϸǰֺõȥϵ֣ȴŤܿˣֻðǿ欶ģ³çһЩɱϾǸӣֿܲѶְ֮ɣ
Цһصү׻˵ƶб欽ֻ³çЩѣ㻤һʱһ
һٽѵֻкôûлʡĽ޷죬Ҫȥ˹ƾӣǸͷһһ
үճ鴤ȴҲҷֻѹɤ˾䣺⻰˵Ҳ̫˰ɣ
һǾǼʼˣ⻰ơ
϶һ۶öģ˸Ƿ϶ˡ
ϱŮ˹үһԱ㡱Ҫߡ
뻭ǰ㵱ôҪ϶׽Ū欶ܹ˾ҹȻҲἫԭ£һˣοֵͲ϶
Զסţüͷһתүкãֲ϶ģѲȥ˵һ䲻׷ˣү˲ɣǻ𣿡
Ϸ¹ϣȹ𻰣ң´㣬˳¶Ҳүֵģʲôҵأ
̬Ȼͣæ͵ҪΪԼƽĻ徻ؼڰӲ̲ģ·ʱǣ˾ŵ£˶ֱѺ˱˾󰸵ĶղӶ겻ãҪǹغңǼû˸ץ
üҺã
ʱԼÿᣬۿϣҾҹŮȥŵ飬Ѱȥ̲ͨ¾״ñã
͵Ŀ࣬ûŵ°ɣĿǰֻẰǸ⣬Ҫָʹ˵ôһλ治¶ҪǱϸ׻ŮӾǶñһˡ
һϯ˵ĹһβŻعֱ㶵ĿŹϵôأ
أЦеġ
үʧǵһò૵ҶҶ
˿Ȱѹˣ¶Ǿ˾ŵµļݣԸµηʾͽ䣬Ҳͳˣ˾ĴΣصĿɶЩ쵱ĳ͢ҪȥһˣҲͦġ
ڹʱңû˵ЩʲôȻ͵ñⲹιȥ
جج̤ţкҲû˼λƵ뿪ˡ
һߣϵϲɫѾﲻסˣæкѾͷȥţҪ˺üϰԵĲʽһ˳ͷëͲŮɵúˡ
һѾͷֶԪƵϲ죬һʳʵڴġ
ǰδеʮ㣬˵⻹ֻǿʼأǰĸŮܵĿ࣬ҪĸŮӱ
ʱʯһȺСѾͷżֻźСڵ
һԿţסɴ˫۵зŷģ
ʯһЦүص׼ģŷĻƸװӣĻ󣡡һĿϣŵϽǾŵµİ˭ٸҿ
һҲֿ˻ָ죬ʾӵۣӻ궭ʺ󲻾ڹӼۣ࣬Ӳǰ̧ϾһˣýȢ˹ū۴ĳ֣ȻҲ˵꣬ɳĺأ
⻰һը˹һﶼùϱŵ檣嶤¶ˡ
϶ֵûд˵顣
ֻйƲƲ죬ĵҲֻнϵõŴˣھŵԺãԼжҶδؼǵ壬·ײˣؼң˵׼֣ᷢ类Լǹ˵ģ
һʯõУճյ۽ô־ָ׼δҲᱻŵýȢأʱɾǾˣ
һԼѾͷÿҪˣһĿŹϣֻʱһźһĨ۵ŵ¿ǳƷʾ׼ܵ۽ɾˣ
⻰һһȺѾͷ۾ˣҪĴѾͷˣ
ֻй̲ס˸ۣĵҲ̫Сƾŵˣ˼ˣŶûУ˼ҷβŲأǽиɱ񣬷ɱһѽоǧɵˣŵôҹͱ
ǰĶԹаСнӹʢõһĹĵĬĬʳ
һԵѾͷ˷УĿʣ˰㣬Ǿŵʱϵȵģ
ϣ
СץǸ⣬ΧԼ۸Σһᡣ
Ҫ˵ŵΪ˾Ϊ˱סǸŷ쭣Ҳ̫ˡ
ǻ˵𣡡ҺʯʱΪΧΪʾһĬB컯꣡
һٷŵѾѾͷ񻰳һĸӢۡ
ʮֵģһŵŷཱུС·ӾȺѾͷСһСֵɵ᲻һ겻񡭡
2
ϱŹ欣Χʹȫͷż⣬ﾲ
һѲ蹦򣬹үŽݣһ۰ͰͿ࣬ǲ԰㲵ݣ³˽̧̱ȥҡ

ûǲԹɫı£һͦӱµأֱֱ˽໳
ഹͷŹ欣ʹŮûУߵ輸£һ֧Դ۾欶ǵóЩͷˣȲ㡭
˫һѳס䣬ʵ֪ģ¸Ů޹أȺ֣õô飬Ҫ̹𣡡
֪֪޿κεĺŹ欣õĴǣСʾ϶Ҳʵò֡
ԾȻ̱ڹϣһԲȻĸŮ˵飬ǸʲôԻģû˻ء
˾﷢㶣ֱĺ٣ⲽǰ̧ͷİɫ񷣬Ƕ£ҹɫ޹⡣
ҲԴеġȭͷӣҹɫݵý
ĬתȻǱΪҵģҵȺҲǽģδһṩ
̾˿ѵĵͷ
Ȼ֪ǺĻȺĸǣмԵ˿࣬Ҳ죬ǱȻȫˣڽӡ
գͣ΢棬欲ûиڸһȥѧá
ϱĹڳ鷳ѾͷϵǣٶֻһЦ
లµĽѧá
ʱ֣ӼĲ¥ĵѧӡ
¥¶Χ֮ϣǰӵΧŴӡ
Χ뾫µСԲ̨ϣŮһԹİӿǣ󣬻վ̴ӡ
ƵϷӾģһһĺ˷ܵĳʵ£СүǶصĻ
µ׷ʣصģ
һ֣̾˵ûϷӣ¶ĶԼ
һüնµ棿
ٺһ֣ͷûü٣˵ŲţɢѧſԴȥǼҹӣһƣСүǶĽи
Цһڰ֣ĵûȥƸƨɵϳϾҪˣһɵ𣿡
ԼæҪ¹ȴһѷסҪ˵ͼ¥һͯ첽£¥һλ
ɻ˭
ͯ˵ǵ֣һ֮ԵֻҪСĴ˵յѾɣСŮΪһ֧лµʶ֮
۾һϸϸ룬ȴ벻λˣĴһҪͯǾ¥һ
ͯӦ¥ʱּ
¥ļλԺĿȥֵֻͯĸһˮɫȹŮ߲ߣӦǸͯҲ˳ȣ̬
ʶż̽ͷ̽ԵĿŮȴʼղ̧ͷ
ôڵĽ̬òĴ﷢޲һ߿סС˶ͯ
վͯҾ㹧£¶Ǹ溬ߵС
ﻺ̧üĿƽؾСʱ޵ױݡ
һĶ˵СγԱȣʮۣԳһּ崿ֹ˵ر
ŮһСŮ欣򰲡
̧֣
ǰŮʮͷģȴһɫӲɰԳƾƷζŹ欵֣̾
ϧԷϾǺͯҲԵ̫ׯأֻϵĿʵҪ裿
ͷСŮûаֻ֣Ը峪裬º
ϲãֻЦųް˸ơ
漴һˮ䣬ͷں̬Χʱ
¥һЩ󣬶Ų˴
Ŀתֻ촽ˮһԾӯˣ۵ĸƮɢ
մ߻
Ƹ꣬
Ắů
޷磬δͣݺ࡭
һϣ˫һգգ߳ճյڹ欽СϣֱΧһкùŻع
欵ͷҪʹͣȴһʱ˵
欲δڣ˸򸣱ˣһ仰Ҳû¡
һ裬ù欵ڹӼഫ
абᣬܶ˸̾ӾССС;Ļ͵ǣһȺ硣
һ٣ûعˣպ󣬱йٲӾˡ
һ죬ҲֻŹ˸С㱻ѹȥ˾
գĸܹ׵ƽ񣬱зϣ¡
ҲѲϸ𣬱һ¡
үϵ´ۣһʻֻסɾЩ
ÿڼҳիۼ˾ͳȥԼһµ֮֡
ϻ˵Ӽۣ԰欣˳ֻܶ׻ؼˡ
Ҳڹ欼ͷŵǰգת
Թ󣬴ʱȥ跿תƣȴʼû˹欣ͣǲ˴̽٣ŵ֪˹جġ
̽龭󣬴СBлҵľףЩϲ뵽欵ˣ̰ЩԺӼкһ˳ۡ
ԣ欳֮Щʱգɼѧ
û뵽ôϴӵĸ첲ԭЩޣڿ欻ظʱݳһѹͷݺ󣬵Ҳùˡ
欲ͬϼ欻ظʱΣȴˡ
֮ȫµĿ޺ȾϾͼһ·ᣬŹһֱᣬȥ󻹾ճիΪ
ϺΣϾϲ֪ǰԶ񶾵ĸŮκģ欻Ǹӣﲻˡ
ҹȻ꽻ӣϰҹѣߵķ飬ŵ˾ġ
Ҳ֮תһ磬пգϽҹ˺ѣ͸ҫ۵ĹâյôɴһƬҰף״ֲ
ỽ
϶Ů漴·飬ĺŹϺ󱳵£ڡ
ŵĺͫעϣȻҵȻ£ΪʲôҪ£û£ûʲôµġ
ϲĵͷǿţԣ˯ɣһ绹Ҫȥѧء
ϻ򶨵ļ˿࣬ǲΪܣ
΢һüʵôͻȻ˵
ϣ˵šشңǲܣ
ε̾˿ͷֻǡ
ϽӿڵֻܵЩͷˣ
ɫһεûлش
Ͻŵһ֮ǰܲ뵽ֵ֮İ취
գգۣջҡҡͷҲﲻæġ
⻰һ˵꣬ѹͷУһӾɿ˺ܶࡣ
Ų³Ůʻ⣬ͷһůϵס
ϼʳһ⣺ôصһǰң
һ¾üͷҲ
ϵͷ§׵ĲӣܽᵽʳﵱԹ֮飬Ǳûκΰ취æԣۻʲôβģ
ͷȻʣ־Լ˼ҪŮ赼ЩͷϵСǼ⣬ﶼ֪ˣС˯գ
3
Ϻò뿪ˣǱȴǳ벻ˣ͸Сˣ񶼿νԹ죬Ƿǰ˰ٵǮƵġ
ϵǺⱻôǺţԣٺ޸꣬ûޣû׼ԼͻˣҲֵòԸ֡
欵Խˣοͷǳ˺ü꣬ȻúϷÿʱĴ֣³
ϱʵһһ첲ļƤ
Ҫǰ˵׼͸мˣΪĸԼͽء
ڣǹӺϱѾĹˡ
˶Ժ款͸һкͷߣѼ֮שСߣûʮСкý硣
һͷۣаһˣͷЦŻصҲʱˡ
СڵĳһЦøһЦҲǣҪǰ׼Ӽݣˡ
ϷܵҡҡͷӿŲкľµʵǰ׼Ĺ𻨸⣬ŵ¿ɳԵĹߣ
˾䡰аɣ²졣ҴҸһԤѧõԺ
СȻʧӰ
ʵȻϲкƯкԼڨЩС⡣
ԣСʮǰһظڨʱϱֵûǺѺõġ
ʹڷСλʱҲɺѣֱС翪ʼ̽ŵµϲʱϲŷԼıˡ
뵽ģ˼Һúһ󣬺ιҪô׽ɲΪǸƷСô
ǲĸС磬ûһȹװ٣ϸһױδпŵµۡ
һ뵽ŵ£ϾһЦӿŲƹԺСأѧȴǸཱུСһݵ
ԴϻأϺǸ⣬һ𱻾ŵ³ȺСһĽٱСࡣ
ŵµŮ˵عԺ󣬾ŵԼܾţȹʱµأʱʱСҪףɫĸȹԼǸ⣬˿ٵõǿһĻ
ȻȹԽһ˼ʾŵ£ѧǸ⣿
ŵ¾Ͳ˵ˣӹϵֶ̬ȣʵ״ʡ
ȹƨƨ£ŵһ˫ɫרעĶȹӲתƻ֪ǰô𣿡
ȹһĴŵµСƨƨһʧ׼ľǿش˵ĹͲˣ㳤̶ģ
ŵһ繵¿Խ㡣
ȹƨƨҪ
Ϊ˻Ǻܸмģ˵ŵ¸ķʽӲ׶ûǸ㡱
Ȼ⾿Ϊ˹ϱˣΪԺ󰲾ѧóǸ⣬Ҳ̫ʺϸ롣
ʱ̣ŵѧõǰһ̸ϵЦĻӭСһﱻȦΡ
ͬСһıԵϣ֮󣬾ŵ±̧첲ָ£ָϣɷнµʾͯ͡
һ㶣׹ͼͯԼЯСһ̴ľӣݸϡ
˫ۣãȻĿ˿ӣֿ˿Σľŵ£׹СǶϽʳıʮ⣬ʹ͸أ
ϸæվӹľУԾŵл
ŵһԴùϣƺڵȴ㷢ϲ֮顣
ϸæϵĵһɤӣϲ׼˾µСľС

ΪԼݼӲ䣬֮Դ򿪺ӵʱԿصʧУΪûʧ̬
ΪǺŵģһ͵Ļ򾣡
һֲľУһ죬˳Ծŵµı顪
ƺ࣬ûһ˿׽Ū˼
ֻӲſ־У΢Цԡ
ţһͯܵǾŵ԰ڳһͨ͸λԲ˰֣˹Ϳ๦ߣش棬㡣
ۿҪŤӣΪֹԼŵ˦ɡµĶ͡æžһ˺ӣм㡱лʹͣͶԴ˵֮ϲ֮Ա

25

ͯϣƵԣڵĶһҾЦϲˣɱùǰյõͷˣ
ǳ鴤һ£Ҳͯڹϲ˾ŵµĳ裬øͷֻϲ״˼öͭǮ
ͯ˵šҡҡЦŽ£Ĵһֹ͵ĲӣǼöͭ壡
ͯϵЦһĻͷһۡ
ֱûôǮͣ
ݣɲǿҲᡢͨĸĸģǿ˹ĻԵԣûЩ¡
ͯ뿪źӹؾصãĵùãΪŵµŮǧ޺ˣһ򾣬ֻȥ㣬Ҳûˡ
ĬϣϽľϵĴۿۺã׼Žҡ
ƳһԾŵµ߻ϣּæϲ״ӱػΥĵĲͷŵЦɰ
ڡɰʣǴҶԾŵ±ۣǸ򾡰ɰŵµıͱúãȻôݻԼһأ
ھŵҲû̫࣬һľʹϣϲ
Ϻߵһͷǻ˵һֱҪһأϧԸڲţǾŵˣ
ŵµɫ˫תȻˣֻѾˡ˵žһ֣ʾϰѺӰϡ
ŵԴǾµ̴ľУв㣬óһƬĥϸĵƬ
оʲô
㾫ɹصĺӣȻװ򾣬Цá
ţϾͼŵִƬһԴתͷ¶ֱ׼ʽЦһֻСֶУҪͷ
һԹͺͺ״ʮֿ־壬ԴӼʶŵɲǼϵͽ첲Ŀ»;ãǰС£ֻίȫĹԹԴյǰΧۡ
ţСһʳָСǼ⣬˫ߴǣרע˵㿴ˡ
аȿקˣù϶Щ̣ЩСһҪʲôˡ
ţͿŵһг룡
ڵͬʱ䶯һ˲ֻûƤ
ŵ³һָӣ˷ܵˣ쿴
ϣ
ЩСǣƽʱгʲô
ϼԸһ֣޵ˣ
ŵһ䴽ǣסϵ֣СƬ֣صĸһ˫ǳͫ˵ֳɰء
ϣ
˵£Ըȥɺòã
ھŵеע£޿ˣֻܺסҧѺʬˡ
ŵ˷ܵĻСȣȥ˵ǵˣڳС
ͷӦˣһŻ
֪λδĵҪܼԼɵЩ£᲻Ὣڣ
ɢѧظ󣬹Ͻŵʹ͵˵
װʬĺӣҲ͸ѾͷհĦֱ֣Ѿͷˣϴɾ̴ľպá
ɵǣͷظûãѾͷ͸ڷ磬˵ǶҲʹ͡
ӵʹͣǹƷ֦а֮࣡
֮ܳԾζŷ㶡
Թͬǻʾ˼Ҷʹ͵Щʲô
òԣæǰ嵽֦Ҳûɿڣ͸ɹԲˮ˵Ŀζࡣ
һ㶣εĳŮЦЦһعϵû³˼
²ΪԼӵΪһɣѧã˴ӵʵĻš
ŮĻЩͷʵ֪֦Ǻοζ
ŷԸʧԣֻ򾩳̫ԶϷˮʺѣƽ˼Ҹ޴᳢֣
ܲ˵ǰڽϸԹɣֻõͷεЦЦ
ʯ״۾һЦһǾŵѧҲʹ͹
ΧһѾͷ⣬׷׿޹Ϊ˵͵ӲҫЩûģ
޿κεĸЦֻĬʯĲ²⣬Ŭʹ֦ͣ
š
ȴʼմ֪Ů欽ϴӿɲԶˡ
ҲʮþȵĴ֮λǾŻŮ룬¸һСһҲδܲǻŹϵأ
˼ǰϻֵǰȥǱ˱Ȧȡˣһһᣬ͸欽
СȴһӵѾͷĬˡ
ʲôϾȦѹ׵ıˣԺױõģغúҪ͸ĸŮ
Ҳܻ䣬ԺҪЩǴˣΪСִ
ſɫѿϲҪϴӣΪӽ󽫼̳дͳŮģ欱
пЦΪܽй飿ӴӳѾˣݣίǨкãֻĸ磡
ҲҪĸŮʲôˡƽĿϣ˵ͣԵòҪĽһ٣ﵽͷϣȴʹ֣ʿ
ϴʱ飬һԼüһĥ侲ջ˷ŵ̾˿ԸʯȥŰɡ
ʯӦѾͷȥźгţԺʱŵѾͷˡ
ǰգ欽ڴδʱἸѾͷԶţ̹رܣԾźУһǰȥš
欽ճЩ棬Ѿͷֱͦ壬ñǿ׿ˣȼͼʯǰͷȽ˽š
ʯ񱻼ƵһЩˤźС
Ѿͷǰһ̧ͷҪȴʯֹˡ
˷ô꣬˸ϵůȫÿǷƣ϶ŵòϷǵū澵ģʲôģ
ֻĸѾͷߡ
һСŷſڣӵĻĨɾ֣鲽ƹѾͷͷվʯǰʣʲô
ʯһſڣǰͷĴѾͷͿµӴС磬Ĳǰˣ
ǻһ㶣ɻŤͷȥͼĴѾͷһСңͷͭĴʮöǮ֮ࡣ
һڣæ߻ѾͷǰüЦɫϲʲô¶
ѾͷЦһҶǻƻüЦʲô£ǵ欽˵ӵͣһ¨֦Ʒ֦ô
Ӵϲ¶ֻʹǲ۴ʹֲܼ֧ĵ˵Ĳңе͵ģλ˵׼ɾδġȭһѾͷһЦ
ѾͷЦһʲô˵׼ģ¶СŷҲƤ̫ǳˣýķķԸȶ֣Ըе
ʯԭѾͷʹǮӻҲһǮӲŸ棬ѾͷĴ֮㳹йӵһ亹

26

ʯһźиսţЩӭϵѾͷ֦ײ֦æܿЦɻʯ㣬ȥѰأҲǵģиŶڵģ
ʯʱһӻҲ÷һûأƹ֦źȥˣҭ֦ɶͷԣɻĿʯСѾͷ
Ѿͷʱͷ죬ͷ֦ʹɫҡͷƺҪʣֻ֦㬵ȥշ˳š
ʯѹ·һԵɣҪֻһԡ
ݵԲһ߳Ӿſʣ뵽ʯźȥôЩʱһ˼дžתת飬ûڡ
ϼһѾͷ֣ԭΪ֮Уֻ欽һС֦ɫͶ˪ƵɥԭҲǶΪδǻ
̾˿ͷҲоѹ֣ҪǶڳѾͷ˵δֻܿķйǰھŵβϵһֻƶѡ
˳˶̫ˡ
ﻹмͨڹ⻰ҪȥᣬضǵȺΪƵļһΪǼۺ죬˵ĶỰ
˼Ƭ̣Ͽ˿ݣЦͣ۾ͳôУôҲԺ乻ɻظʱٳҲٰ
һ˼ˣü֪һ欽
ҲżЦĵҾǴȷıȷǶ㵱ϸºôҪȶܳɰ˵Ҳɣ
ʲôɵĵģ
ʳþūת֣һʾ˽׾Υ׳ģ֮ͥ£Ҳֻ衢ŰˣжĽ飿
Ҫǵڸ״ô
ۻӦŶǸӵģԾĹﾡܰİա
ΧһȺѾͷһһ㶵ģһԲ۾ԼСӣдšСӳɾˡĳԾɫ
ΨϵüͷȴûչѾϰԼСŮ̸ۡ
˵ϽãֻİӣҲûʲôҵģֻǶԹϵͷ̾Ϣ
ϻû꣬صĴ㣬һѾͷʢϵ˼Ůֻĸȵ϶ҲʮˣʱҹƷòȲ㣬ֶεв
лָЩɣϣŮ鳤СΣѾȥӤʣԽԳԼʱķɣڲסЩϲɲǣ϶Ĵ欽ȥ
ϼɫתϲǴ˸кڴǰ㰮ʵĿɽŮǾûиõѡأһٶʮİգ
ϵ綨˽ϣֻҪֹ¸ŵ¾ѣֺαҪѴǲݰ
ȴԴ飬ͷŴǸɵģһ檶ûУôͳ˰ˣѻʥ裬ǰ;
ʼ磬ΪȻʲôƷԣ˵˲㣬Űգʥ裬ҲΪʱˣ׳꣬Ժĸ˭˵׼
촽̲ס潭˵û˵ȥӼԡԣһŮռˣʥǲŽմء
ٿӣүϣٶûŴӵӰʥһ͸ûˣ
ô˻ȵһȫˣЦֱָŹСӣ⻰˵𣡡
ΧѾͷЦһţڻָ
չ󣬹ճȥѧãöеҲǢ欻ѧЩʲôЩˡ
ﴧĦŹΪҪ£ԼϱֳʮϲüЦӡ
ֱ˳˵ҪȥӼԵұף΢Цϸˡ
磬һ·ƹһԺĻ
Ժһ̸ڵϻ֦ɼ̦޺һƬѵĻԣƿţƵԭש·ֻ¹һ߹Ŀռ䡣
·խƣﶼµͻУ屻ƣһʵС
һ·߹ԣǰĲ·ڣϺӰζһο࣬ʮ졣
϶һƣϳǸӵĴ󺺡
֣ף
üͷͣסŲӦǴص䳼δƷָʹšר衣
ǰЩηç򣬲֪ιʻӼ࣬˼ϱתһС·ȥԺ档
˭֪ת˼Ǻһ𣺡ʲôˣܣ
һüæתͼԶһƷ򸧹ٷĴ󺺣Űֲ߽֣ס
ӴǸСﰡΪμ˱٣תߣǺĿˣȰ̬ȣй﷢š
Ϲ¶ЩɫصҰճĿҵˣȥȡû׼Ҫġ
ǺԲмЦһָԼϵʵ֪ʲô·˱ٲ˵ǰʩ񣬷ߣҵνģ
ü˵һƷҲڹӼײϸ󣬶ãֵõһС˵
ҲŴ̨ˣˡ
ϵԴװ־壬˽˸ԣʱ˵ʲôĵĻûãֻϵùˡ
Ҫѵ֮ʱһȻѶʣ֣ԣô
ɤһ⣬ϲתͷͼһϮ°б߽
ٷĺͷص΢֮ǰ
ϼ̬Ծɸ߰ɫԲãѹɤѵӼĵطôҸʾͨˣ
Ǻɫһ䣬ԾڵĻش𣺡΢˷֮
ҵʻ϶Ȼθɤػǳûʾ
ǺӱһѶʣŵ˫ϥһЩأͷǰòһڣشµǡǡ΢ˡ
ЦһĵĵûأͽƸˣǣ֣ף˿ɲܹժëˣ
˻һǺٳŲסžߴһ˫ϥأɤʵ΢һû˵򲻸жţ
˵ڵϿͷ
һ͵ｭϣѱԵһ
ϴŵǺЦһע⵽һСһֱ͵Լ֮ŵƻδȥ˳ڱԹϵ㿴ʲôϿˣ
ϣ
û̬ѵһʱ㶵Ŀ£ɫʱҰס
ϲδϸСòֻһ֣ҪЩ뿪֡
ҧ´彭϶һת·
ǰһжˮģϼƾż䱼ѧãƵԸ󣬱ͷҭ˿ûһѾ֮ǰݵľŵ¡
˵ϱ⣬ɹΨ˵ĸ޷ǣһʱԽԽ
һԵľŵѾŵòҶˡ
ʱߴСһѯʡ
ǲǶˣ
ϣ
ûлػԹԵĿ޵һһ飬Ƭֱ̺ͻȻһСһ˻Ρ
Ͼȶ̧ͷʿŵ£ֻСһС֣һں򾣬ݵǰɬֺõ˵˾䣺ţ㡪
ͣһţһʱʧأۡһ޳


27

ȴ˵֣ױŮһѵģ챻ڹӼſߵʯʨԷʡ
ŵ֪ƢԣҸվſһʱҲҲϥõ档
˳ϻ̳Ͽֵһ飬ֻ÷׷Ըɫµɫ£֣׵ϥš
źţȴҲסİպĿ⡣
֣裬ܹ裬һᣬɴһʯʨһ˫ͭţۿԸǺţ³ţ̸үһҪҳһʧܵģ
æӦǡ
ʱδѧá
ǲӼΪ£ֱֲӴֻþȿתһȦŷ֣Ժ伷˹Ĳۣһ
Ҫʲô
ɻţһԼ๤ĹԱƳˣͷһʱ־ϲæǰݵ˾򰲣
ϵͷָͥԺǸʵҪʲô
ڴص£ڴ˹ˮȪԱʥϼѧӳɹ
һأ̾ԭΪָʿģ绹Ƿˡ
öѾ֪Ǵӵ⣬ҿƣвŵĺʱһһѪʱӿͷ
ãԼĻˣ
ΪʮĽʿʮ꣬Ż˸Ʒеְ
Ҳ˵ûˮ̣羹ͬΪƷָʹʱǻŭ޴ӷй
ż๤֮ʱ㰵ԴĦֻ֣֮ţ̴ӵӡ
ھ㲻ͷĴ٣ҲӪ֮ͿΪ˺ôϲʵѧӵһ֮λ߳ɲᴫڴ֮֡
ԣȺûͷӬһȥմӵŻ۲ʾ֮УǷп֮ţͶ£һһſɱδ˺ͨ
Ҳ֪Ƿ⣬Գ˼ŶŮʲԸ߽֮ʱŤͷһϮװв̤ͥԺעһ㣡
һŮƣսȭͷŵǰһӴ˾ʵΥʥѧ֮ģֻɳƽˣ
һƳƷñ֮£ǵͨаƬ̣𴽽ǽӻ˵ÿˣʲ֮飬˿˾ʵ㡣
Ůһ̬ǳ鴤ǻ飬Ǽ飬˵
ϲתȻ̤ԺţԳƧ֮ȥæ鲽ϡ
ճУλسɣ׷ԣѵ֪£вЩ
֮λƽֻ֪иʣ֣ѧա
ȥӼԣӽĴٶֱӣˮͲסѹ
ýԽ϶ǿڴµĽɽġ
ڶ󳼵Ĵӵַ·ŹҫĿ˲ұӵΣôңɼܲнĶ
֮̽͢򱳣ʱƷС¶Ͷ֮⣬˵ǽǣϸ̸
һֱŶ½Ųվ׳ŵ̧ͷһ۶ɫдĦ꣬ʵڲóȻڣ㻹ǹȴȷ
Цһ翴˴˼˳⣬⿪ڵ˵Ҳǹˣⲻ֪Ըǿ¶ѧܰİ
Ŵԣڵȣһڣصˡ΢ֱԣʥδֻŴһ
ĳǧ꣬Ͳ֮ѵӢ䣬δؾڳ֣֮ؽͶ֮
⻰˵Ѿʮ¶ǣȴɺ޲ĬΣ쿪ڵţԸźá
̲סһ̧ۣȲ΢֮δǲףֻ˸־Ҵޣȶ츳
һüǳ⡣
ŵЩҧͷæס죬ŷԼ˵Խ¶˵ϸı֮ҲΪ
عæڵأͷϸ΢ʧԣ΢ʧԣ
̾˿һת֪Ϊ֮ģһʱҲеģĹΡ
ߵͷлöŮƽæ̧ӣĨһѶͷĺˮ߶µվ
һ̽϶˲Ͷȡɡʹ棬ʵҪͶ
˼漴¶⣬һѣͰѯʵڹְˣ
ڲԶǳ⣬ֱŮһǱһӣι棬вм㣬Żش𣺡΢ǴӽѾʮˡ
ϵͷ˼Ƭ̣̾˷һϯ⣬ʵ֮ţְ֮Ϊʡ
˫Ŀ˶ŮЯ˼ֻϲ콵ֲлֻٴιذݵԸΪıЧδ;
ûٵƣֻǣԷ
ʱѽʱ̣ԤѧѾֻ
ϱСһŵñѾſϿ޵ûֻʣ͵͵ĳʡ
һԾŵãȻ򾣬ɫԵЩ޴룬ʱʱһίĿĹŮǣգǳͫû̺ȵС״˰С֣ϵǹŪ޵ġ
һڹŮѷε
ʱöȻ֪ˣǿ޺˫ۣ֧ãŷһԸոŻСʱڶԼơ
侲󣬹֪ʧ̬æعͷŵĿŵ¡
ŵ¼ͷҪţӣƺĹٴĪŵÿˡ
ϼСһ޴ɫһΪЦ
ոԼʧ̬㼱æҪҲֲҡͽֽӵֻôѧңͷŵ¸ǰС˵лŵʹͣɣ
ŵ䲻ͨ£Ӧ񣬴ʱǸѾָ뵽ոԼܵľź䣬Сͷ򾣬ûϣƺ롰ջʹ͡ˡ
ϱСһֱŤСģһ죬Цֱ£Ƭ̺ŵͷһϿҵĵǸ£֪ˣӲʣź˵£ѵʹ͸ͺòã
ŵ²ΪԾһˡĹİƳûƳһۡ
һԸãΥĵĿСɰȴʼղЧΣֻʹɱֶΣӻͳ֡
ϽûзֳС飬Ϊֺþŵ£ֱӰһǸ⣬ݸŵ¡
ϵǣСһȻйûнӣ
һ˵ˣˣ
չʼնмӣ˳ɶǹ˼ŵ°ݡ
˼Լûл˼Сһ˼ҵʹͣÿʳ˼ҳƷʾС
Σ۰ͰͿžŵཱུСȻʹģǸ⣬ݵСһߡ
ŵ¿ڱߵǸ⣬ôһŭġһҧȥˣ
ҧ¿ڣϾԷСһıúΣһ֡мˡĲɫ
Ͼҧҧˣŵֻò鲻ԸľŹϵ֣ѸٿһǸ⡣
־ٵᣬȴҲһҶаˣǳ۵ӳ׽ˣ϶δرסˣ
ŵ³ָ꣬ϵĿˮҲֱαͷȥˡ
һÿαϣ鱾Ȼ鱾ǰġһ塱ŵõһ
ɴ۾ϸϸһǺںһǷѾŵò˵򾡭
۽ǳ˳飬תͷһԾŵ£ֻСһһ²ĵɫ
֪Ǿŵµġʾáæмл¿

28

һһһˬеİȴս
ŵԽԽöˣ
ΧİͬѾȫʱȫױ׼ҲѧˣŵµСħצʼԤѧ⣬ÿÿνҪСȳ⡰桱
󣬹ϾžŵµС֣һȺĸ£ӼණǵĲ¥
ÿ󶼾ۼųȺѧӣ첻׼ŵ±ܳһʱ䣬ҲҸЪһЪ
ƫɽ¥ѧر࣬һţ;ֱܣٿԲ鶼ģΧ¶ȴͬȺһȡ
žŵ¿żһȺ˾ۼµˡ
¥źС˼ŵ¼ݵæǰдָָȺʵʲô
СЦŴأҲѣ
ҡͷӼܶĲ
Сæ͵ˣֻǸүСǲӣǮ¥ƵСľӣȥͷʮʱϼɣ
ϵͷ룬ͲӣҲȫûҪѧԵͷŵ£ȥ¥Ҹ徲ĵضЪš
ȻͷʱԵСһѾûӰˡ
ֺܲõԤУ̧ͷͳ˶ĵطȥȴͷȺѾɢ¶֮һϤס˹£
˹翴ϣ˿ڳ˷֣ܵһֻ§վľϵľŵ¡
ֻ߹ȥв¥СС̣ʮöľӣ͸ڰ˹ĳԡ
а²ϱ˹Ѽ䣬ȴСһĶڡڶĲϡ
˹ǰľѾȹϵİһ룬Ƿ˵㡣
ϱûҪ룬˵Լĳ룬ȫ˹ĵþˡ
˹Ҫֹ˵Լ棬м⣬ͣ˼ѣ˹ϼֶӵ淨
ʵڲѧЩǰûٿΪҵҲû˼ϸž򵥵ļ淨ȴСѹ
վϵľŵ£ýζһ˫ǳͫڵעӰ˹عͷҡ˹ǰӣʼר־䶨ʱ졣
˹ҪСһûӣȴûû⵽ŵŤͷв
˹һЦֻŵµСǼ⣬ԸСһ
֮ļѣѹ˹Źϵʦһɴ£ʮö롭
˵Ĳʧ֣ǽйϲ̫ҵסЩľֽţת룬ⲻǴǲ֣˭ôԱ˳ŵģ
ϲҡͷЦЦɴ಻ٲ룬ͷȥͰӵС
£ʲôأϺĿҶľϵСһ
ꡪ
ŵһСֻһľǡ
֪ǲۻϺ񿴼ŵҡӵʱСٶȺܿĶ˶
áɰ
۾սŵµССһٿʼҡʱ۾һգգĶС䡪
ˣȻˣ
ϱøЦ־ҪȥŵµС䣬⣬ָսӽͱСһһѽסˡ
æһºòã
ŵԱĬĬɿ֣ҡӣ
˵óƷʾ񣬹ֻ½õʮĽͣοǣСһѾССֶ󣬲Ƹտʼǰ߸ϡңɼˡ
ŵµСرϸϸİɫСë
ỮһͻῴСһĶö¡
ŵȴҲֹԾר־
ϾúȤҲŶԼĶ䣬ֱûоԼĶκζԽþŵ»ᶶСɰȥ֡
ʱŵڴȫעлعһԾԾԵĿų棬Ǹҡӵׯҡ
һȦľǣһרעĶͰӡ
ׯҡͰɸӶ˵ĵ˼ϾͿСıӰ
ֻŵֻСͬʱ˶ȶ䶨һֻľӣѧѺע׼ȷĶϡǸʮĿ
ţǸľӣͱ˹ӵһ˻ѹߵĶĿ
󣬶ҿǡʮ㡣
˹͹ͬʱԲС죬ԾĿ򡰶񡱾ŵ¡
ʱŵƺѾעʧȥȤĿһöľϣգգۣһ죬ͼһľζ
ֹˣ£ܳԵġ
һԵİ˹Щɥ˳˳ŵµСëǰá
Ͽ˿СĶ䣬˵²⣬ȴҲûϸ
ڷľθǸƣŵ¶˼ǣСȳŶǶǶϵ˰˹£æǴСһ¥ȥˡ
չ¥ձڣϸСˣҪȥż䣬ӭƼһϤӰһϮˮɫȹױݾ£΢Цų߹
Щûϳ⾹ǹ欣ֱЦӯӯкҲˣ
еսԵ֪ǹˣæ˺
´һɫ㣿öϲˡ
һЦ÷ϻֱ˵ĵͷԵĺͯЦ⣬Ǿŵ£ÿɰѽ
ŵ̧ۿһ۹欣ܸӵıͷû
ۡ죬˵ԼһθСڨõķӦҲ࣬ûųҵ涪
ҲЩҲסεЦæóֽһڵĲ𿪡
һü˵Ѿͷ׼ͦȫ
ûȹ欽ֵݵŵǰǰһѵס˹欵ʳʳƷӽŻŮʧҶ𡣡
ۡٴ̲סЦһҲΧֱʳﶼû֮󣬲ǰοŵ󣬻¡
һЦѾ÷ڣԴӳ֮Ͼ֮ʱõӵԼѰ˻ᣬ͸¶Լ⵽˸Ůϵꡣ
ȴϣҲ֪֮࣬ΪϣҲԳΪȴϾǾŻŮİֻա
欱⣬ӺιҪһ޸ͯ
֮󣬻ھ֮УӲ̹ױʾŻŮǸƷʾֻҪܰȻˣǸʵǲõĺݽɫ
˵ǻѡİСһù˵蹬ŮڹＸǺߡ
ǵȹʽѧ°
ֻҪŵ¼ǲŮӾͺöˣһжš
欴⻰壬һǹĿǰǲãǣŻŮǸõĿɽ
նԹڣͨԼŵ¡
ȻҲûز˵ͷ欣㻻ǸڨľС磬ҲС飬б׽
Ҫ֪δһŴִȣһ˱ţͼ˷
ռǿˡ
ϵЦ⣬Źһ·ż䣬״ʵþҪʽѧˣһˡ
ЦЦҲ͹˾ѵϣ˰ɣûôӽԺء
欳һЦӻ⵹ǣˣŵİѡˣδ㵹иѡƼ

29

Խסüбɵ˹һۣ⻰ǹ˵ҭǺ޳ܵƼѡ
֮ܶϵ̬Ⱦ֡ûš
սѹŻ㻹δѣŵ˼µİôҲ꿪˼ѡҲ١
ǣЦνб޻ǣҲǵµͷֵýͷöҲѡģҲ׼ʱˡ
һ⣬üб次Ѿͷʾ
ĬҲڲס⣬˵ЦŹϡ
ѾܣһʱСżв㱾ܵĽοŵ£ͻȻһЦӯӯĿŵ£εεĵ£Ҫ˭أ
ŵµСְЩĴŹ欣ͻȻڣͷϣ³ýëֱ˵
ϣ
欣
ϱΪСһףֻһʣҸڶ⣬ȴû뵽ŵͷ˾ôĻش
һʱ䣬͹欶סˣ
һ˲ֻоԼӵɽ֮Уһֻĸ첲һ̾𣬴һƬҷĻ֮С
ݶ̫ͻȻԤף϶û׼ŵĽܣֻ㶵עžŵ£Ҹһ޵ӳ
һԵĹȭͷָ׼ģãǿ΢ЦԾŵµ£Ҽ϶ҪʽѧˣǿǶˣҪ϶أ
ŵµɫһ˫תɻĿŹ次
˵Сһ߼ǿЩҪĻŵ¾ûöˡ
Ӽ𣬾ŵ¾ϰΧˣԴֺԼӻ裬Ȼû⡰¹ϡλᵢԥƬְ̣°ͣŵҪ˹°
欿СһǹȻƣּЩ¶һʱͷһǣ㽵Ŀžŵ£ߵĻش𣺡£ūҲչأҪλ˹
⻰ǹЦκǰλСʾڻûС顱Ծһָ̧֣£ָϣʮĻش𣺡Ҫһ
欣
죺ۡ
ŵⲻĻشߵùࡣ
һʱг죬Ҫ欳Ͼŵµ˼ǹ⿿ŵԣҪȥСһĶ䣬ʾǡ
ȴŵһѽסˡ
ϹʼʩŴŴĿ¡
ŵȴûɹϷսϵָĿ䵽ϣޱ°ɡ
ֻ欻һܵ˳վֱӾŵ˫ͷһ˼תˡ
żûˣŵ²ɿϵ֣ޱĻ˻Сȡ
Ͼȵգգ۾ǿˣ
һСһĶȻûٱס
ðɣŵǰҲǺע̬ϵġ
Īһ˵壬ǺĴСһ
ദµʱ䣬ȻҲʱᱻŵµ壬ֱռİ˵̬ȣᵽԼжࡰֳ
˼СҪ˹Щİū澡ʮ첲ܱŵ·Ϲˡ
ԽԽһƵģһʱճɵЦȫ˾ŵʱʱ͵ġʳⲨ
ع񣬹ϲЦҧ´ͳúúõ֣һ߲һСʣ£һֱ͸𣿡
ŵע֣ۿ˹һִۣ˫ûлشɫЩ͡
ϱСһķӦŵͻͻֱֻԼǹȻЩԽˣ᲻ǵľŵ²
ãŵûиش

ϰǸָЩˣһȻδǸӰӣһ˲ܰãһ˲ܽ
Ѳ⡣
ԭŵ´СͲ̫໰ȻƤҲܻãʱܾ˽
Сһ׳ԼԼصӽǣ˽䡣
治֪νţӾЩж
ãŵ¿ķʽЩһ
˫ɫһ˫µüͦı֮£ܴһرרע
̵ǣֽ˫һᣬΪԼܳ裬ѹǰھŵµˣ
ϰԾģԼɲܱСһԻΣʱʱ̶̿ҪԼС
ǶСٿɰҲܳӣ
һ·߻شż䣬ﻹתŷžŵ˫ϵӣ廹ֱҰ޶סսС
Ϊһδ͵ľȴѾģģ֪뱻ǿΣּ
Ӹĸоȫһ
ѹ֣Ӷ˵Ʒʾǲͬġ
ôһڲͬĿɽǶԹ϶мӡ
ùжԹϵļǺޣǰδеͣ
תһ룬ҲȾŵ´֮࣬Ǹʸ˼ȵŵ³꣬ϿɾͶʮͷˡ
欹ЦһоϲԸľ
࣬ϲġ
Ǿŵ¶ĳˣػԹ֮ģ
źŵ³Ǹ⣬Сһصѧá
֪Լʧԣһ·뷽跨־ŵ»ġ
뵽Ź欳ԼҲǡ˹ϱ̲ס֪ŵôȽԼġ
ѧĿʵ£ոǸȹӵĽ㣬οر񻣿
ŵĿ΢΢ת룬˵ͷ
ϽʵӵΣ¿ϲ
ԭСһʱϲ̫Ǹеʳ⣬ӺͯĻشһЩš
ȴϣŵ붼û룬Ѹٵ˵СԴʾϲ
͵͵СһһۣӰǡġ
ŵĿɨ´ϡ
æո
ŵºۣܿԸ̬Щ
ϣ
Щ
ҪҪվӣԼһ̱죡
ʱǰܵӻҸУһѾ׺ľˡ
첻˵ǰλòǡɫƽƽֵõΡԸ̬Ľۣͱ˵ʡ
ֱɢѧ϶ҧгݵûȡ衣
ŵȴʼյ˿ΪԼֱ˺ĳĶе߳ܣ
߳ѧú󣬹ϲǰǰǣžŵµС֣һ߳ţǹԶǸʶǶʱ䣬ڹŮĶУĬĬŵ߳Ӽࡣ
ſʱϦбգȻδɢذ׵ձɹҺ죬ԳȻ֮ɫ
֪ΪΣܾעԼ
Ȼ͵һ£ֹӼſǸʯʨԣһδֱͦͦĹڵأһ˫ͭƵĺ۾ɱĶ
ŵõһⲻǸ֣
ѵϣһֱ·
ϵɱȻȫԼܵǨŭڹˣ
ϰ⣬ôˣѱ˲˽Ѱ
ִ֮䣬ϼǰȻȻĿŵߣԳԼĵλ֣׿
ŵʵڸԼ䲻ԭ򣬵СһӲϲȥ˿ġ
ȹŵ²뿴ڶˣԼǰ˽ݣԲŹӹ
˿̼ǰʾãԸͨˣŵͣ½Ų̧ͷϵС俪ڵ
һ㶣˵Լڸǰ
Сһƺڵսϱ㹧յŵǰʵ£
ֻŵһ̧֣ݵİεͷ˫Ѿ׺ŵҡһӣһֶ˵ϣһʵॵĴ죡
ϳԾԲ˫ۣ۵ƳϵΣίúۿ
ɻ󣬾ŵΪʲôͻȻ۸
ͨǰСһ￪ڷԸŮȡֻɫֶ
ͳһ
ֶꣿǴ
ǿǻʹﶥͷΣΪգϲʣһ֧ԼĪҪӣ
ŵҪʲôʮĹϣֱš

30

ʱһɫȹĹ𣬱ӾŵµļȡһֻľУ򿪺иǣݵŵ¸ǰ
һ棬һֶ֧꣡
öֶСɾ£һͨʺصɫˮɡ
Ƭᱡ͸΢΢ȴ쳣ͣϸɿƬ֮УϸܵĽ˿֧ܣ
ֶͨ··Ȼɣտɶ칤ǽǰκһöͷΣȥˣ
¼ֵҲֶܱͨȡ
óԾŵ¾һ̧Сֱֶ֣꣬ڹϷ֮С
ȻңĵСһľٶҲ̫˷ѽˣ
ǰǸԵÿˣ
ĮȴȻ³жԭͷΣͷôһϡƷΪʹͣ
벻װŵʾ
ʱŵֺСԴᣬƺòλò⣬ְ
϶Ȼһǿպðɣ֪ʥСʾҲһ־ô˵ģǸͶһɵɣ͵̤ʵ
ôţϱֱֱ˵ȴŵ¿ڵ𶯡
ϼæȥϻ̳Ͽֵ͵ŵ¡
ֻСһʮרעĶķ٣̧оµֶ꣬ȻȲҲƫµλãùƽ
ϸ׼лͣȴŵ俪ڵ󣬹ٲһͷ棬ҲĨǸ˹
ʲô˼ûףڳûܷͯԵˣ
һԹּ㶣æСʾлͣ
΢һ£æһлʹͣͽ֮
˵ô˵ɵʲô˼
һͷˮ߾ŵ¼ߣعͷʯʨԹŵ֣ףѾ˲ӣҲ类ɢˡ
ЦһʲôԾĵͷש֮ϣǶѱŵ°µͷ棬ЩۣȴҲҼء
ЩʱգЩСˡ
ǶѴƵͷ棬ǶһɽҲɸŵ·Ϊϵöֶȣʲô۵أ
ȻһתȥԼĳݣһŮŤͷһǾŵµŮ
ϼæЦ㣿
Цĵ˵ͷڵ϶ã㷽µķԸ𣿡
ԭ⹬ŮΪɵģʥմ͵ĹŮ˼ϸ緢
ɬҡҡͷ
߽һһϣЦҡ˵ţ㳯ŹϣתתԼգַ˷ԼͷصĶ١
۾ϸƣ˿ʩ죬ҲֻббĲһ
ɻգգۣЦʡ
һЦ̹ϵ֮ǰҲᰮ磬ÿͷ϶صͷ棬֪СʾϲƷ֬ζнŮ֣ϵԲóҲͿ֬Ĩۡ
ŵµҲ˼
ŻȻбƳǶѸձŵ°µͷΣ뵽Ǿ䡰ҲĨǸ˹һʱӦסЦ
ɻЦʲô
ϼæڿڵûûУǾþŵϲúر𡣡
ʵϣ׹һŨױǽоŵطˣϽǸҲĨǸ
뵽欷ϣǶѳɽΣϱ̲סЦķ
һǿѹЦ⣬ʵΪεֱղԼҵװ磿Щģƽ˵²á
֮Ƭ̣ſڰʾýտʲô£˵²
ʱһȷǷþŵ²ãʱһʣ˵˳ˡ
дģ⣬Ϊʲôŵ¿ʱʱ䱦ء
Ҳ̫Ѳ˰ɣ
ԥ̹꣬׵ĵͷ񡭡˴£Ϊβͣ
ԲЦһֵˣյõֶֻȻ󣬵ڵ¿ⲢʹͣǾ档
ǺˣĿֻ
ϻŵ棿ʲôͷ˵һЩ
æοñ£ʲô£㷽ŲΪǰûôǵµĶˡ
ƽ½ǰˣȹװ磬ЩóҲԱȽɡ
֮Դǰ⣬ǵ¹ݵģۼū澵ģ͵Ȼעװ硣
ɽյºȻջ˶ݣԸʲôʧ
ֻһ죬ŰСһ˼·ˡ
֮ŵ´žǾǰЩʱչֽ˹ϣͻȻϽεͷΣֻһöֶ꣬Ҫִ֪磬Щء
ҪùʶǾŵµˣҲǾŵ¸ģвɵΣ
һʱ䣬ֻϵֶǧŵô͵ϲ֮飬Ҳɢһա
ŵΪʲôͻȻ˲ã
Ͻ˫֣СһȻСҲδǸ߳ƵһҲ𣬿ɽա
˰ݣҲǾŵԼҪģӦòΪ
üͷϸ˼кȻһŵǲǷˣ
ϸµദѷСһȻ¶ȴʮ
ѧʱÿΧͼڨľ󣬲ȱ˿ڣŵͻϵĿ⣬˶ԷĴš
ŵôֻйһаҵʸ
ϻ˱ۡûһǾŵ²ĲԼԲŻô̬ȣԼ
ŹɫҰףعϵ˼
æллѣ϶֪ˣػĹ£ٴŭ£
΢΢һЦ˵˼䰲οĻֱͬˡ
һ·ŹרɵһصʼЩҲ᲻
ǰϲɵǸӵһԽĵߣͻԶɱΧȴܲΣգȻڣɾ衣
һһɱ
һסͻͻĿڣ
Ȼ֪ŵ²ĳ˺һССľ޿صĴҲỻһˣɹϻǸеĪʧ䡣
صУʯڱ³һ˲㷢СͷϴŵǸʹûҲܸоóⲻܿı
ʯ˫һһѱϣֱȥϱϲֱεʹͱȻͬСɣǰЩʱգ欽õһС¨֦ܱȣ
ϼʯһ·ʱʱסķ٣֪˼ɰԿЦ
һֶ꣬㾪СĴӹͷȡϸҡͷ̾λʾδ̫ˣͷ͸ۼҹŮҴţ񲻰̣ôϡ
һֱĲɣһӵѾͷ͸Ĵһϣ˸Ͷ֪ϲѶ
ȻĸŮ˵ȴǸجġ

31

ͷҲЩסˣԺ͸ǣԺ͵öͷ洵죬ʲôֵǧţˣһЩŹ಻֣ȥơ
ҲûֱӻԷױ̨ǰӽʹ͵ͷ棬ϤԼķϣţ߽ԺͤҫãýԺЩ͸СǿԹԱ졣
ֻϧһͷΣЩƷﶼܼţ׶ԱȳöֶĹ
ȴȻ֪ԾһԺת˼أŻȥᡣ
˿ûԺϲȾŹ죬Դװ˯š
ﻹŰ췢飬ԽԽѣǵ϶˯ˣۣڵ컨塣
˼룬ϵ˼ԭԼʧ䣬Ϊܷʧ衣
׹֮ʧ䣬ΪԼھŵµĿУһƽȵͬ飬ǸЩŮһˣ
ǹϲܵġ
ǰȻİõĽԼݡ
Ȼӵйϣֻ֪жԷƽȵģſΪһ˴ڣһ
ҪǸ߸ϵĻʾվĽǶȣĸܣΨƽǱزٵģ
еʧ㱻ȡ֪ԼһôҪǸСһתĿ
Ͽʼŵµ˼άϰԡ
ϸϸһ˼ŷ֣ʵ⺢ӵΪѴĦ
ŵ֮ΪأΪÿһ򾣬Сһÿ춥Ŵ̫Сƨƨ԰һһ׵ڳġ
һȹ֣ٲһپ䡣
ԣЩھŵ¶ԣ˵ǼΣգֵø͵սƷ
ЩΣΪһóСʾȡֲ֮Ѵ֮ĴڣŵȻΪЩΣǹصʹ͡
뵽ȻһЦ
ʵͯԶǺͯǵ˼Ҳ˷˼ֻҪվǵĽǶ˼һоͶˡ
ڲϲ֬ζС󣬺ܴܻı䡣
Ҳģڻûڽǰ¶ʱûʲôþװġ
ѵһ㣬ôþŵ½ɺ͹ŮͬĽɫ
ݰ˹ŵ³˱ܵηȹԴֻʽ㣬ʥϣ൱ġ
ЩΪѣûС
ǰҪһӣȴ֪ΪΣ˫γԣ޷ȱǵ״̬
һֱûй飬¼뽭ǰìܡ
ΪΪǰǳ󲡣ݻԼϢطɢ٣ŵʧȥ˷յ
ȴδϰοһξƺ󣬻̹׵ԹǲԼùЩջǱ
ҹŽһһʵĵǸ絶ֻԼ⸱Ƶ壬İ˵
һõǣϼŲɣԼһǰδ˵Ǹź
뵽Լһĺӣϵ˼һ¾ƮԶˣۡ
ӻ˭أ
ϹЦ⣬˲ŵ»СʱӣССһţǳǳ˫̵ͫСǼ⡭
һ£
ͽϵĺӣôǸ
ϻعԼĪ룬û¾һԵϣֻһ侲ȴͻͻֱ
Խǲȥ룬Խ޷ֹԼ˼άɢ˫ȣһţһ㣬Ĭϵ֡
֪ΪΣȴͻȻգӴᣵһɲǡ
ůůⱻǼһӰеϸ飬ϣɰȴڱӰ֮Уڲסϵơ
ǸС۵ļһֱȴл˶Ű뿪
ϼֱţûзȵĻʾǽϵĻá
ϷԼĻͻȻբһʰҲپƾ˼
֪˶ãƺû˯ɤڶ߻϶ԣȥѧˡ
ϱôڵȦ޾ɵۣ롣
ֶֻǾŵµʹͣòȥѧãϺһŮãǽ˹ϵķ٣й̶ˡ
ܲĵϣҪʱϸöͷ棬򲻿ʧ
ϿͭＸ廨ֶ꣬ʧЦһ޿κεĵͷ
ÿȥѧãԼҵҪͷ
ʱάűƽûʲô
ǽգϼʹٲ⣬ܱͷһСɽͷ棬ۡ
ѾͷҪ
һͷˮֻԭֺ˳Ƴһ֮ɫؾͱɫƺҸضȥ
ĲɣûǳͷΡĽŹֵķӦʱԼͷϵһöֶꡭ
ãؿǶˡ
Щʱֶ꣬˳ɽ泯죬һֻεĳţҲһԴۡΣһöͷΣȵ޵ݡ
ֻüҡͷЦЦתͷ⡣
㵭Ȼ̬ȣߵùԶԣŹŤͷ֮ʱʼİԼϵһӺͲҡ
ӼſڣԴϣֻʣһöǿùȥӡ
ѵùһ仰ҲûڨһӼ࣬͸ϵͷˡ
һԸŵµֶΣϻʱʱ΢ЦŭɫӳһСһȴϡ
ϷԼ̤Ժŵʱ򣬲ԶмӰվš
һġݼϵһֱſգҲû˼һԵȺ
ֱһСָµ¿쿴ЦˣЦˣ
ŲȺˣעԼʱŭʱЦıݡЩɬֻǡĸ£
ȹתͷȥһϤЦʹУ̾˼
ɤϣ
ԴתȺˣڿһɫϤӰֻǰһڡ
һʱ޴ԭأ˸Ͱ͵ĿͷҡͷЦ̾Ľϣп޵²Ϊɣ
ʱͷһС˶Ըһ䣬תٿϣ뻺ѿ
ϻڰûں֮Уͼյ÷ԸСˣԼվǰһҾأڵĿڵ˼С㣬𣿡
ϳԾ˺һ͵ƽϵıӰɻϴ͵Ķ˶٣ŵͷǡңʲô£
СһЦеĴ밲Сг˳ϲСȡ֣ӽСĸ
ٴ͵ȥƽϡ
СֵСǷ£ﲻҪ
ŻعȻʲôñģΪʲôͻȻϵͷѾ쵽
СŤͷԼӣǰһȻģ֣ɻǵãҹȥӸ˺״˵֮Էڸ̧ܡ
֪ӻҶСأ֣׾Զ»СΪɣλʾĹϵ
ۼ޹ǣⰲСţһ˲ӣҲʱͨ
ԣֽ½ǣԴͷȴٲȥϵıӰԼж÷ۿЦ
С˼ɵͷЦЦ˳Źϵ˼СĵǼϵĶС㣬űҪܶɣ
ϻعҡҡͷꡣ
СЦ濴ǶСƽױŨЩԵó죬治ˣҪ˵ӻ۹ҲǱȱ˺࣡
˵ĴӣϲһЦλû׳ˣǸ컬ܸˡ

32

ϼûԸ˼СЦȻˣͷ˳С磬Ҹµл
˳һҾң﻽Сĳ˳ɣСȥ˵תȥת˹ϵл⡣
С˻ҲûҪֱȥݼµ˼ϱʶȤûٶ˵ԶԶŶµıӰ˸ų˳ƹԣȥСԺˡ
תĿСıӰʧ̧ĻԷһȥˡ
չսǰԺͼĻǰפصֶһУ϶סŲɨһۣǣҡҡͷ¶м֮ɫ
һɫãæǰ벽Се£ƣǰڸۿأͷˣ
ԴЦһصȻǰڸƵã涯˸ɸ꣬ûʾ֮£ǧĻܳʲô£
һϲ޵ǵͨ͸
ȥѧĻԷѧã꣬ȴѧ
ԭӵҲֵڵĶͬҵҲࡣ
ŽЩʱգӵŮΪķԽſˣԭЩĴӣѰ
̤ѧʱͷ֮ϸϸĲһ鷩ŲʴɵСԲƿ
ƳһϮɫӰ̤ѧãһ̧ۡ
ĿԣһĬ
̾˿һŬָԵλɡ
û𻰣ĬĬߵһԵϯͷԼľСƿս䡣
Ͳסӵģ˵֣׵ķʮѻ𣬵ŵģϾС浽á
Ӻ̲ͣסгûţ
޳ָڣŪǰһҳԱµĴǱſڰڵǻƣŵòҽԺ˰ɡ
ԳЦеСƿϣָŽЦðľͷȤ
ڻԼʱţҲգһǣ鱾Ťͷӣһ˫ĿЦЦң汻ˣӽŷʡڣǲˣ˴磿
ӼѻЦ⣬룬̾ʲôأʲôã㣬ϾŶҪ㱧
еĶ⣬ҽ⳰⵹ǣŶû˵һ磬۾ʹ͡Ϊʽ㣬Ҫ԰ڴˡ
һЦЦѧõķƷˣһŲ˲۽ЦỨ˼ĸɢ˼֡
ӰȦγŲŲֱֱָȥӣŽʵΪδ֣ףʵߴ硣
Ц⣬ͬɫĿӣֻ˵ҲţٶͣҲֻͽˡ
һ죬üʲôˣ㾡˵˵ʲô綼㣬֣Ҫаԩ˼һӦ
ЦЦ㽫֣׽еϵ飬˵˸ס
һ˼֣׵Ը⻰û٣ֻǷ򣬻Щˡ
ãɻ̯ˣʵãزס֪ģʲôҿɾͶֱ˵ˡ
Ϲĵͷ羡ЩͷôЩأ˵ĻҲҷǣ
һЦָͷָָϣѵĿڵȻѾ֪ҷԸСѧ£ΪƫҪ鷳أ˵ʵ¶ģ⵱ﲻ
ɫôΪŴţѰ¡
Ҳ˵ˣ˵ǹ⻤Ǹ˼С㣬ԡ
ǿЦ֮ʱѵʲô˶ûϸһ߽ͼŸСѧָͯʹʲôطӼࡣ
سһ˵£ȴǴԹۣ
ãȻսȭͷһ鰸޳Сˣ
粻Ҫŭ
ӼЩ̣꣬
ֿԼ䣬̤ѧã˱ɢá
**
ͷѧãΧһƬֻԵľŵ£ʼûһֱڹϲǸλ
ƽյʱ򣬾ŵѾʼһǸˣƫƫȫش飬ľŵ޴ĿС֡
ǿҵʳⲨӰ£Ӳӣжʱ䣬ִͳֻֽһĿ⣬৵ľ˹
ϲЦЦ
ɰСһˣ
Ȼ𿪰һСǸ⣬һСƬֽá
ŵ»ɿеС֣ˮ˿ˣ˫ֱֱŹϵ֣׼ӭӰõǸ⡪
󣬾ŵ¾ͿǸԸǸ⣬һҧȥ

ŵµһŵԲһ˫ɫӣƬ̺󣬾˫⶯ɫʹɥ
СһⷴӦʵⶼֻüѵЦ⣬׽ſеǸ⣬¶ɫ
ϼ꣬ڨľŵ£СԴСȶˣͰ͵۶ʣµһǸ⣬૵¶ǶǶˡ
б۾͵ЦСһһɥĿģ˾Ťͷڵ£Ҫ֪ѧóô
ŵɻ̧ͷϣһ˼㲻ԾԼС䡣
Цǵ֪֪﷢ÿ͵͵ι³Ǹ⣬ô
ŵºһ۾ګګĿϡ
ϳϿҵĴͣȾ仹ܣǵ֪ΪʲôͻÿǸ𣿡

33

һʣɰѾŵ¸סˡ
СһΪȫµ˶ҪֺԼҪʲôԭأ
žŵµɫӴͣСԳһ⻹𣡡߳ŭ״Ͻסһ죬ǿסСһĳ嶯
һƽľĶžŵ½ͣǣ֪﹬ŮǶܺá
ǺͲһչõʺʹ͵ʳǲãǾûʳܶܶû죬ÿŶûС
֮óԵȷΪʵ޷Сһ壬ٺʲôõģֻóʳȷھŵУȻͷȵĴ¡
ȻıЧǺģСһ¶ֻȻɫ·ĳص´š
ðɣŵ´Ŵû˼⡣
ٽԣ£֮ԸΥʺιԣΪͺĹŮǣǲһģİͬ飬ūš
Ҳ׺͸ףԼļңҪչõʳɵģǿԼԴģ
ŵ½ſС죬ЩԾԴϡ
֪Сһ߼ǿֻҪȷǡܺܿġ
Ȼŵ´ʱѾĻ
˫ɫ˫רעĶŹϣ̬ȫͬٲڴԼūţڴһʵ
񣬲ûгõķչء
򷢸ɵ촽˵֮ÿιǸ⣬ⶼԼ⣬ΪֺΪܿɰͺϲ뿴ģԲΥ⣬Ҳϧ
ŵ³ĬˣεĴСԴ
һϲɹˣСһˣǸ⣬Ҫ໥صģ
Ȼľŵ£̧ܿСԴǶסһ㿴ǽʣһǸ⣬ίĿڵڲɰ𣿡
ϣ
оԼһϵĴȦףĳСһ仰ƽˣòģ
ŵ¹Сһ۹ϣֵͷһί૵ཱུġ
ΪӺͰ˹һ谮ĺŵ¡С־šԵʣСһҲԼ֪Լ֮ϲһ̱졣
ǸǸɣ˵ͨģ
ŵེÿɰģ
һʱۿž̲סСһ£Ǹˣһ£;ɰΪཱུģ
ŵȻѾˣרעĿǸ⣬ڱصõĶԹϱȻյ»ôĵ
ĵҲŲϡǳأһҲǸ
ϻǺͰ¾͵Ҳʮϲã֮ʧΪͲöΣͺʧ䣬Ϊ²ǰǰˡ
ŵ¿ʼסˣļٵĶϵǸ⣬ȻѾͷˣС첻СšǶǶ
Ҳ֪⽻̸˶ˣæڵǵԺֻʹͷ𣿡
ŵץץС䣬͵ò̧С첲˸ƣίȫ

һˣСһǸ˲һҲûı˵ռ˼룬ı˵֧̬ȡ
ϰߣѾپŵٹˡ
ϺС죬Сƽ˼룬ǲõģܱãԳͨŮĲͬλ
ǣʣµһǸ⣬º͵Цŵݸŵ¡
ϱΪƽȽǳˣϵǣڶһ磬ŵ¸սѧãϵȦΣٴָ£ָϣ͡
ԼշֵһĿСһȻûĿҲûа׷ѣСһ֪мرˡ
ֻǲ֪صͶ
ţֻͷһ﹬̣͢Ķһ߼ľѧá
һˣ벽ߵԣľкŰһ
࣬ľжǵľ֮ϵġ
ˡ
е
ôĺӣ
߰ɡ
ǰͷڣϿʼˣû¸ƭŵء
ǲǺƭδӻǴ
ⱨӦҲ̫ˣ
ŵһСԴϵıӹϣȴл
ҧ´ĵĸл¶͡
˵ܲܰѡؼҲ𣿵Լΰ
ɾŵǺϲǸʱ˷ܵᡱı飬Ҳųġ
ԴʱСһ˻СȣʾϸϽ𿪿
ΪһƷСʾûһͦƯС˫ȷȣȷʵֵͦĵġ
ﰵš´ҧ´߶µֿǰֻľС
ָյ㵽ۣ֪ǲãϾĶһ£
Ͼ̾һצӣ˺󼸲ѾҪˡ
ѧõĺӶעŹϡ
ŵ±ϵķӦס۾عȲķԸһԼ̵򿪡
׷׶ӣΧվΧȹ̱ڵأˢˢľУ͵
ˮϺʽȣ
λһѡ
㼦˿һѡ
ǳ㹽һ

ֱ㶵Ŀǰһɫζȫŷʽ˶ɵˡ
ôû뵽أھŵ¶ԣбȵصʹ͡ʳ
˵ŵԼܳԣ˼Ȼǿ͸˳ʳġ
ѧĺѾֱۣ̲סŹǰʳУ֮ɫԲ˵
ϻعæٴιл¶ϲ֮ɫ
ŵһ֣˾ͽʳиǺãĳߣӱ޵͵Ӿȥˡ
ĵǰ׸೤ˣ͢͵ССӾϣ⴫ȥǽ˼Ұ˱ڵķͷðˡ
ҧʺ޵ģﵹҲ̹ˡ
뵽ЩžˮĲʽҪӲһӲȥã¿ζͲʱɿˡ
ϲЩź̾˿
һĳ˵С䣬
㲻ϲ
ŵһ£æͷŵ£ֻСһСѾǲˡ
ȻǺСۣ
һ£ͱõԷĵл
ϽסڿһЦŴŴĵôأǿĵ˵ˣ
ŵûشԾɱ
ֻεֻǵģôõĲȣ·;ңԶױζ̣ˡ
ŵŲмĵͷЦбͰġ
ϣ
顭Ǳİɣ
ЦڳЦûʶɣ
֣ˣ
ǿѹеĳУҧгݵǵܵ
ϵһֱ쵽ÿκֱɢѧؼңȻ޵ֱ
ôСأǶãȴܽһ޵ݵ߷߸УһĲǹ۸

34

ɢѧظ󣬹ϲŷ֣˿Լ񶼲һˡ
ʯһͣŵ֪ԭһ磬ͣ໹Ϊʥּˣһ·񱼵ǰԺ͸͵̹ˡ
ⱲҲûʶʹͷɣΪң綼ûʸϯ˷˵ʹʹͣŹүһ𱼵ǰԺ
һɽ亣ζıͣգɤһ䡰ش͹áŽйڵϲԽĶˣɵۡ
ǲҵæлͺ󣬾ΪűʱͰ·ȫȥ˱
ͽһãĵվŵ⹬ĳܣûж
ֻЦЦ˿ܣʵͰأ
ʯæһͷ˵ˣ۾̰Ѳȥŷˣһ
ϵͷȥһá
䣬һƣɤ֣͸õţһĵ
ϾȵŤͷȥֻϵЦزסŭɤУҲʮĽ֮
ΪͶ
ϺߵĮϣԸҲϲ
ǰסϵĸ첲Ȼ͸϶ˣǾ϶Ķˣ϶һʲôԵģİŵ¿зأ϶ƽϵģ
Ͽ䣬ԸΥˡʵŵ¿Сˣ
æĽ̵϶üǺඣκʱ򣬶ҪԵļЩǵİġ
óʱ㣬ĺãһȵ㣬Խݣ޷ŴھסǰĹʧ𷣣
ϼϺȻ࣬ҲЩģ뽭ϣΪ׵Ļе
ôܻ
Ǹ£ǰҲӲκһλլľ
Ĺ黨ģ˼ҵǵ棬װ൱еġ
ңڳú󣬾ŵ¾еԼǰ߲ܵˡ
ôƷ˼ҵľҲ޵ģÿַ󣬵ڶ컹Ҫſ͹¡ͼıλµҲô̹ġ
۳ŮŴʱʱɵЦæƹϣü˵ģûУܵʹ;ԣŵ´һֺãҪʮֵĻȥɵ֣
ϳЦЦ£ԾŵʮֺõģŵݣδܵͷҲû¶ЩϹϾĹжٶ衣
Ů˵ﻰ˼ĸ飬δضÿ
۵۲ȡĺãǸһ޶Ĵڣܵõ³þõϧ
һζĸʲôã´ȥ˳ɻԵۣܻĶԷ̾һ飬Ѿ˼¡
ŮɲͼɵɵϿɡ
ãƶǶ뷴ë
ɲܵүֵĬĬʮֵġ
Ȼ⵽ѺģֲԸıԼȥ裬Ҳ̫صǷݸɾ꣬ŹȥҲȡһζδ
ڹԣûʲôȡãܶһ޶³ʮֵĸкã
ϾãŮȻף˼ȴ˽ʮͨ͸Ҳ۵ܻ÷ˮ
ҲȻˣ󣬾ƾѾͷԼȥɡ
ϵӵҲȣȻŵһһƤϻ޷Ǹָɽʱ򣬹ϻӦԵġ
ֱ
߸º󣬾ŵӭ˵һѧĿˡ
һѣ˽룬Ϻܻܿᱻȡʸ
ھŵ¹ףԿԿˣ൱򵥵ݣСʫʡСʲôģܹˡ
ڹϿǰʷȡһΣҪһ飬ȫ壬չЩʵ壬Թż
Ծŵ¶ԣСһ
ŵСīˮǸ⣬Ӧѧ˶Ǵ´ģԹȻû¶¡
ݲǼ˿ڵʫʣϾ¾䣬ôѵһͯأ
ˣСһǸȽϡ߰ͯײİ˴
ҲʳСһشҲ̫ˡ
ԣٶûõһӦŵȫ̫С
˿ϻһϲ̽ʾŵ¡Ѳѡ󲻳ϵģõСһһмһ˵Ц
ðɣιϲ˵ü򵥾ͺã򵥾ͺá
Ҳ벻ŵ²мһⶼûлش𣡻ʱʱԿ׳յ١
ǸãȻ
ȻԣˣϿΧΧۡ
ٸŵ׼Сԣŵͷĸ߶ȣвϲ
ԾŵµԾ붼Ҫ˺
ȻŵǸкĵĺͯ˼ҵһοôСÿĵġͿʼСιСˡ
һ٣
һӺ٣
ӺСϳˣ٣£ŵ£ȥܣ¡
ϣ
֪žŵԵ㣬ǴĿġϸ񡱴ҭ
ֱǷɼӵȻԼ׵СŮޱ
һܿԤѧõҪɨسţźСʾѧõĹǶӲ˸ϵ
ο
ʹ̱ſϣɪɪǰûڣǲʣΪʲôǰСһԼĽأˣ
ʹú󣬹ƹˤ˳ɼžĵСһǰ£ôأô߲ߣ
ŵµͷһۣ²ؼĻ˻Сȣʾ֪ˡȫû֮ɫ
ֻ÷ŭʵĵˡ
ڶ죬ûȵʥϵĽֻŵ´ͷɥ߽ѧãȫûյĿܾ
϶ӭӺϸһͷСһС䡭ͮͮĶһȦ
ȹֿݰ
ϱͲµСһſع϶ᱻȹģȴû뵽ôأýЩۡ
¡ŵµСë۵СһİŤһһߵСҲˡ
ŵ¾ɥöûֹ̧ϣֻС죬Ͱ͵ĴŽëĿԼС֡
ˣ
СһС䣬ȴŵ¾ŵĶ㿪ˣȻǺ۵ġ
ļ˾һ£һʱĵԼĴæǸ⣬Сһ￪ģѹˣ£»۹ԹԵĿԾͺˡ
ֻǣѹĵͷûŵµһˡ
ûĿ£ӵ۱ͺ˽ԼҾŻŮԸûдڳƿСһҲǳеģԲûнѧá
ǴӰ˻Ůټİ𣬽ӵ۾ټһѡ
ӵ׼ˡ
ɢѧּ͵Ӿ϶ûüŵ˵һټ
ּлʱѾģߣҲûֻЦ
Ϊ˹飬ʥּжûκοֻƽĽŵµİݣתƸ˰˹ǵö֮ģ˵Ϊ˱ⵢѧ
֮ʱ䣬Ҳ֪ôģϾػԼδһ̰ʹ
ϺѾͷǶȰοҪѹ϶ڴӦš
ǣҪôܲѹӽҲûһϵˡ
ֱһ̣ϲŲòϣ᲻ãһ㶼᲻ǸСһ
ӻҪϵڶһ磬޵Ƶ˫ۣګګµѧã˹ԡ
Ӧú䣬Ӧøм˹ıӻɹϿƵѧã˼ˣһھҪʣ˹Ȱö˵
ܿѧãΧһƬϻججĿе鱾
֪˶ãкȻͣΧѧǿʼOO@@ʲô
һ㶼û˼棬ֱ԰˹ͻȻڵţôˡ
ϲ͵̧ͷеĴһѰͼ⣬һֶնյСӰվţһ˫ɫӣڵĶơ
˶סˣһעžŵ¡
ѧȺŵµ̣ʲô
ŵջߣ˿Χߵ߶ҵһſӣŹƹȥȺ͵ذһ·̶ֱԣͣˡ
ŵ½رԣҲû̧С첲Ҫ˱ԸӣԣװһжǰһĵΡ
ϵһӣ;ˡ

35

ս˳ʱ̣ӶĴббѧһƬס
һִһָ󣬶ǰҾļ͢ҡͷ̾
ɺͳǽãδѧͯ룡
ҪҲôһýΰ١
ੲݵĳͷͷЦȴڰϲģб£ȥѵСʾȥ
¸Ҫˣ۸Ҳ۴ĵĳƷʾ㽲˵飬ϻ£߶ƨ
ЩظҲҵʾֻܰһԹڼͷϣ˵꣬ѧжԼȥⲽ
Ȼڿŵ²عءʦΪ
Ǽ˾ǿҲİִ󣬱㼱æǲȥĻԷţȥλ곤ĻʾӸţɽ󣬶ܵסŵµ˴ãūŵģҲж⡣
˹ʱѾЩˣȻûְſʧܣȻҲЩġ
񰢾ⲻعΪľٶⲻҪļŭ˸ʣʱɾûճˡ
Ȼѧڣ˴ײԤѧðɢ˹Ҳƹϣŵߣֻƹϵĸ첲϶ãԵ𣿿Щ尢ߣ
˵ֻ꣬泯žŵ£ͷûأҲӦԵʮֻССļ΢΢
϶϶˹ˣһѳŹϵĸ첲תϣ
䣬˹۾סˡϴʱҧ´סȴƵģ䣬ǰѾʪһƬ
ϱôӲۼزסݣֻüæ̧ס۾૵橶㡭Բ𣬾ŵˣҺѹ̫ˡ
˹ڷ㶣ȴֱġ߼ĻЦЦָᣬæӣϿᣬС嵽һ翴ӣһǲ˶أԭ밢ˣ
ûϢģֲԺͼˣʲôʱܱų氡
һԾŵµС䣬΢΢˶
СһΪǱԼľٶǿ޵ģһֱʵ״װڣŲߣ˽˵ǸԼźɵŤͷƹ
ӦۿתͷӭСһĿ⡣
ĿԣЩĿڣ£ɻˣ
ŵ˫ͫȵĶŹϣû𻰣ڲֵĿС֡
Ѿʮ˽Сһϰԣ㹴ǣǿһ˿Цʵ˭ǵ²ˣ
ŵµСĵøԲˣίĿŭ²˵˲ģ
СһͻȻʮּ˹æһѱסŵ£ָڴ߼꣡꣡ŹԣʲôС˽˵
ֻй֪ŵ˵ǡҪɹû
ǿᣬ̧ȥŵԲཱུСѵĺл¶͵ΣĲãе¿ûͨⶼ͵ʧ𡭡
Ժ󣬵»һ°͸˳ӡ͸𡭡
ŵ²ˣֱСȣСִϥǣпڵǣ޺ˮһ¿ˣδޣκҡЯ֣ͥʱǶȺӺ
ϺͰ˹һãȻСһúöģʫ
ʫҲӦҲǡ򡱡
ŵʲô
ȶףŵּ͵ָ̧첲Ķϵȥĺݣݣ»
˹
׹СһڱпʱĿأ֤Լͨˣ֤Ǹûʧ
ʲôˡ
ϻ˱۾ͷǿ̱ʹ
ʱѧʹһӣ˹æԼϯ̧ͷһͼӺͶŮѾ̤Ժţĸ
ˣ˹ӣĿϡ
ŲῴȥֻӼϵѧԴڱߣɫĳһѰһ۾ͿߡһءϾţһɵϡ
ֻһ֣Խָѧľŵ¡
˽ͷӶ˼䣬ӱ̤ѧڡ
ȴ︺ԣó£ðˣ˵űһҾΪ
õӣûʾһǫæתͷϣ̾ɷ࣡
ͷѾӱ޸ϵŻŮߣʮֶеĿڵϾţȥ֣
ŵԼæӣ´ӷڣһץסϵ֣Ҫܡ
˹
ӣ
ͷؼСһԶϸʹӡ
̾˼ҽ涼һס
ͲСһʱ⧲һʱͱŵ¡𡱣һϳμ䣬һͷӻײȥ
ֻһ죬ŵײ˴ϣϱס˫磬ͣ
ϼæվεͼָŵģȴһʧˡ
ŵ¼еԴԴԣ
죬Ǻĵ롰⿪ŵϵС֣ȴõŵвƵĺߺߣʾ׼ԼС֡
ֻɿ֣Ծŵ˵ϾŰôԣҪȹˡ
ŵŭɶԣ
̬ǿӲſСʹȥԡ
ŵ·ŭĹС֣ԴӶš
ʱѾǸϣͷһӻվһѾʮĺͯУƵĵͷϾŸɵۡ
Ƿ˴Ըǿиɣ˭µ
ôƨޣҲóֳϣհǰ˺ŵģһͳɲ˴¡
ϴʱѾͷϸҲ֪ŵĻǼģȥŵ֣ƳǰһϮϤɫѧãתѾǰ
ϳԾһ̧ͷͼޱһһס;ŵµ󣬸ɴһ㽫ָ˽µġ
ŵ°СڣδӦͽһᣬ˱Ϻżڸ첲֮䣬ѧȥ
ЩεĿŶ˵ıӰͷ۹ϡ
ϼæ񣬳Ӹ밲
ӵͷһ°ͣɡ˦˳ȥ
ֱԺ̫ɹŵµСëŵ²ŷԼǿб˹ϣһʱֱСȣֵҪǸأ²ϲˣ
Ҳ𻰣Сһֱſڴܣǰʵ̫СһˣýЩˡ
̤ſڣֻ첲СպȻһϾȵһͷһ־ҪȥסţȴСһٶȶһС͵һܣͬһԾۼء
Ϻ֪ĵͷ˿Լտ֣ŵ̧ۿ򰢾ţȻŭ
ŵͷëֱ彭˸ɴܱѧĬĬعԵӡ
һĻѧõѧӶˡ
ۿԺĽһŭıסһ⡪ܽнϸŵ½Թ
ϲԥһǣŵµ֣Ŀڵ£ߣǻѧá
ŵΪҪʹǰһϢ󣬴ԼԤѧã˳ӵıӣԹԸ߳š
ߵλʾǰһڵأ¶鷳ˡ
˵㽫ԵľŵλʾСŵ£°ҲιǸģҪǲԣԺͶûеĳˡ
ŵԣֻŹվ
϶Լһɿ˾ŵµС֣ȻתѧߣȴͻȻһ۵԰ڡ

죬ӿŲƵѧ꣬ȴͰ͵ĺһˡ
ͣ½Ųҧס´
ڣս˫ȭΪԼҪƴһΡ
һ̧Ĩɾᣬ͵ػͷһеĳСһ󺰣ǲǶ͸͵ģ
ŵ۾һˮ㣡ͣ
ϼһɱһ˱סŵ£Ͳסˮޡ
ϺʹӶɵˣŹ涵תͷ˵ܡܲٸŵһο˵ġᣬѧˡ
üѧˣ˶˹أ㻹ϾĲ
һڵƸͨѧԣ;ʸָݵˣǵ¹ˣԸȥԼĹӼл

36

λʾʮֲ죬ͬʱתͷһۡ
ӱ°¶ٳʲôӣǵù欲ãֱӻؾ
תһ룬ϾȻԼѧֿºڣҪϾͨѧԡ
ݹ۹ӼʷѧͨѧӣСģҲʶ֣ͨ顣
ҾԣȾļձԣͯͨˡ
ѧľȴû֮ǰѧľ
˼ǰ󣬴Ϊϴ˷ʧأſڲԣȻ欶֮
漴ͷȶϾģԵתʡ
һԵĽ΢һüһֱרעĴǰ޵滨С
ӹ϶Ȼת尢Ҫʹ͵һ̣ϲŵһθоԼ߱סˡ
´˹һСﲻˡͣľ󣬾սλʾϣ
˵֪ĳŵǡ˰̲̾סϧ
ϴʱ仹ʣͷȴǰδеѣԼǰ;ȥģҲäĿξŵ£Ǿŵ±
ǳƻסӣô˵ĳŵֻԼھŵ¸ǰʸ
ôֻΪ᲻СһΪ֪һ˾ŵ£˸ƽͻһȫ㵹һ
Ҫһγܵöʧ޴ʹ࣬ĲΣգҲȥƴһΡ
οѧԣڽֱ̬Ʒʾԣֵһᡣ
СһǰûоˣԲŻʧһء
ŵ²֪˵ĺʧȥÿյǸ⣬ֻԼǶԻû׵С䣬ŵ¾ٲҡмһˡˡ
ԣ˵һעĶĲȴԥϹˡ
Ȼȴϣϡһʱ嶯ԼͷͶԴ˵磬۲ܸСһ¡
ϿóǳԼжȴɼֵлµĺ⣬γ˵һʱûþŵ£ʥʧˡ
Ͱһ࣬Եµʵʵģ˷ŵһʱ嶯㹻Ľ¸ŵһλᣡ
ϱȰ裬кŷŴԼӴܵһĻȻһȥƹ񣬲ȰĻʻ˶
ƺģûɵģѾУǸֵֻСˡ
ʵϣλʾԼƷŻõĿûʲôر
Ȼιùһ㣬ôСһɳҲʲôڲͬ
ڴӿÿ˳극ȥȹҪףԼ⼸ֻʽҪʱ䣬;С
ʵͨѧˣ
ʱŽϣҲһ̧°ϲ̵ĵǾôˡ
ѧ˾֮ڴڼ䣬ϲ˾Եȫݡ
Ͼ԰ҺͯĿˣĿҪ󶼲ѣԾ赣ǵĻˣϻЩġһݡ
Եڶɢѧ󣬹ϾʹžŵºǣȥӼִҪѧõСȥУϰ
¾ѧˣҪʮаС
ϼУǡٲ֮ĺʾ䣬볢ԶʮôСľ롣
վϣʵصĿһ¾룬ΪͯƵС֪֮ĸУĽͷҲ˶ʮ
󣬹Ⱦŵϳʾڶʮվͷ̬׼ģһ
ʸͨأЩҵԼĽż⡭
ϣ
ͷҪõѹҡ
ҭѾþȫ˺
⹭Ҳ̫Ӳ˰˭ö
Χ۵ľŵ£ڰĿ֣ϼͷҽһĻ⧲Цòָͷҧơ
ŭɶתĵĺ½Լ
ŵһ̧С첲ʾʹ̼æ¸ϵϣݵСһС
ͷҪǰ̵ȴŵһ֣͵
䣬ŵ·ֿ˫վֱˣʮ⣬鹭׼ģһкġ
ڰϵļʸֱ

ҲҪƷʾʲô˵ˣ
ŵƺɫ죬żкϵļʸͷСŲŤͷø
Ӧ˳У
ʲôһû壬ƵĿžŵ²СŤͷ˿ԶļУٴ
ʱ̾һͨǶʯţСܽţݸŵ¡
ŷӦʲôݡԭС֡
⿴ǹͨʸУϾܶ϶ֹԼֺĻȡ
ҲԣֻĬĬžŵ£Сһ
ֻŵ̧͵乭ٴζ׼ģһ
δ񣬾ͱǼʸɳʱ˺ѿһ죬òŤͷС
ֻˡһ죬ϵֻʸѱ룬ȴ֮жһʸ
ɻ󣬾һԽͷһãʮֱģŵ¼շǷС
ʲʲô䴩
ϲٶ˵ĬĬջ˾ŵĹԷСٱŻ衱Сˣϰˣ»عúϢա
֮󣬴Ӵһڻʾ˶УһΧ˾ŵµĿˡ
ڴһһ׵ɫϾԼǰܵġ衱С¡
Ҫ֪֮ǰ͸次ԡˣ˵ܳ׳ϵĹӼ
죬һظͰ⡰ϢˣԹϺ侮ʯҲ
ﻹ׼ϯȹɢѧؼңȰοＥϱء񡱵ݡ
ȴû뵽ԿУŵһ·նõļӶ䴩ˣ껹һһʮı顭
һȫ̿ŵĴ£װźϲװˣɫƣͬһУһǳһŵĵĻԷ
ֱɢѧ֮󣬳ǰ欹¡
ͬһˮͷѣ˫⶯ãŻۣ˿ĵ˵շˣټ
֪ԺԹ欣֪ܲ˷Ȱӷſģ̬Լʧ䡣
ϾϻָݣѾй˸ԼĿɽ˼϶ǿǰʯͷԼĽţ
ŵµѧˣĳɼͨӵմã˵չĵΣɸж価ľʮƥк׾ͷ棬˸͸ϡ
Ҳ˳ص˾ŵߡ
ÿյ⾪ϲ⾪ţԼʱʱСġ۸衱
ȥô̤ʵ֡ģȹꡣ
ʮ꣬³š
ʮĹϣ˫ֱãױ̨ǰͭˮӰǣÿͶž˵ϣҡ

37

ִͲ궼ٰ죬Ǹһ봺ƣ񲿾ٰ졣
ͨѡΣմѡ֣ɲμӹִ͡
ܽǰ׵ѡ֣ɻ͢ʦĹְ⡣
һƷڶƷϣһƷƣʮ
Ƿְ˺󶼿һݳ͢ٺ
Իٲˣȴࡣ
൱ĹٵƽͷϰգһʻͶŮǣ๬͢ʦ輧ѡΡ
Ͼòƽպҵľ࿹ʣµģֻ⿿¿๤뼼ѡΡ
صھӼ಻ԶطԷ𶼿ǰϽɹ
ǰ뿪ŵѡģʽβˮ֣òʹ´㡣
ҲǽϰգѪԭ֮һ
ͣͬһȺߣѾڿ麸¥ﱸ
ⳡ͵ģһжʮˣǾƽյŮ
ǰͬǣ˴αһϤĲˡ次
欴˷ûвһ϶˹Ӽࡣ
˾ѧöһÿ٣˶֣ܽѾòʣһ˿ģǰϼеˮ׼ǰʮδ롣
Թ欷ⳡҲ֮١
ϵң̧ͷ
ֻ⣬۵ĽŲԽ٣ʱҪʼˡ
ջߣּڵԣŸֲԲ쳤ŮԼĪʮ䣬Ϊݣ˫۴
ŮʵѿֻǴźˣͷ˫һ˿ȴֻһƬɫĨ
Ĵ磬һѻŮ֮У̫ױûȥ
ϻǵŮǰӹ֮ĵ
ټ˵ֻѷϣΪںᣬβŵ˹֮
ȻϲΪƽżסˣֻͽûգʹԣŮ񲿰ŵסУԾˡ
ԭΪŮܲίβ˽ӣȴϣúŮ÷з
ŵ֪ŮһҶҵĳŮԭҾ㲻ϴһеӣֶĲ̵ծֻܿյ΢룬ǿա
֮ҶϵĸǷһʰľ޶ծǮծҪҶȥ
ҶϱܣȴְĸŮҹųߣнʣǮȫ̲
ĸһӣĸŲ¶ɷҶϱ㺬ŵ˵Լһӣȹѹء
Ūˣƫƫ˸Σֻʮвĸձ뿪סǰԾˣ˾飬ʮ͢һӣͻҶҡ
ҶԸԳˡ
¹Աִ󣬰˰Ӽ˸
˿ЦõǣʱҶѾһܾȵˡֵĶծѷһ
Ի䣬ͼŮƺӦĲͷգĵ˫۴Ŀȴ̹Ȼɫºš
ֹڴԼҶϲû¶ĵ⣬ǳǣ󷽷ĳϱ΢Ц
ܾѵϣе뿪ʡ
΢΢üҲǿ΢Цͷȴ˼˴δ͹δ룬ŮȻðۣɵõһ˼ȼü֮
Ҷϲ֪дʱǷծѾ˷ȥֻ˲ʧⲻҪְȥ
Ҷ϶ԣǸĽǰһ˰ˡ
ϵͷܿŮߣɰ̾Ϣ
ȻŮͬվԱʵ£ֻܲٶ롣
¥µϷ̨ΧѾ˿٣Ҳһ¥λѡϯ
¥żĽǰڷŵ¯Ụ̋Ĵǹ𻨵嵭ζ
ϱãȺ鲽볡żʱⶼɨ֮
ϲ֪ʱһżȺȻ϶ϸòȱϯȴһЩ
ڣھһżϿһϤӰ

ŰԵͷǳǳһЦĸȺ¥
˳ʼ
Ҷڹ֮ǰϳͬѡòЩ깬ܳ͢ɪѡ֮УѡҲռ˰˳ɡ
ҶϳϼһֹΧűĿϢ˰ָһ
һˣΧһкõߺ
ȥ¥ϣڵһż䣬ϧ㴹ͷ˵ɫ
ֵ̹ϳ
ϲϵźԼգǵĽϵķӦǰǰ㱻ޡ
Ͼʱǳʱ䲻ȴҲʶϻ᲻ѾԸıӡ
ϲҶ룬˼ã̬ȵ볡
Χľǣ·ͻȻᵽɿڵʳȹȫѾһƬ
϶Դ˲֣仹δȫɣڸߵȾϢѾڲزסϢԽ׳ԡ
ΪˣǰΪһʽߣ棬ζʧصľɧš
ϳǰԭЩģ볡󣬱һȻ̬֮·ؼΨʣһˡ
ϰںָ̬ϣȫš
ָһƮɢֻ·һڵĺϣųѩ׻꣬˲Ƭҹ
£Ĩһ뻯
ֻ·˲׺ɣһɲǰݣ˻عʱա
ֱվ֮ʱΧȺǻص˼䡣
һ˲䣬ֳҪݶˡ
ɫȻȴסٴۿǸŽϵż䡣
ȴϣŵǸϤӰʱȻѾֱֱ߳Χǰͷעλá
⧲һ£΢΢ͷȴ̲ס̡
ǰʱʶϣȻϿķӦ
Ȼһ̣ȫˣ
¥Ǹ˵Ŀ⣬·ҪƻˣֻսΧ֣ǺľճѺۣڡ
ķӦԲǰľޡ
˳ԭĻϲڿϯУҶϱǳЦſʱ鶸Ȼһ
ҶǴЦݣʵۡ
üûϵŮ󣬻˵Ȼһʱ䣬ζݡ
ڼҶϵʱ򣬹̲סͻȻŲһתҶԡ
ҶԵò̬Сʱ¶Щ죬ŵĿŹϡ
ԣһѪͳ߹ľ
ҶϿҹ㣬˶¶Ӷ֮ɫȻԶνܲɻ𾪣
һЦҶϿڵСŮӹϣǸϣʹ﷼
Ҷϼ״ָܿ˷Ŵ̹ɫЦһᣬҶţﵯһã治һأ
Щ죬Ů˾ȵ£Ȼϵĳ޶֣ʵ壬ֻϧ
תԵһѾͨˡ
ȻػһأѾԤ֪ѣ㲻ҲԾౡ֮ýԼ
㡣
һǵʳҶϼеļѣ㾡ȰھǳУʦ˽ͻؼмɡ
ǣҶϲӣҲٶǿȣὫԼõһý˻ȥܹзĶծ㲻ǳѡ
ҶͨԼĸǸ޵׶Ʒĸһؾְг׶˹ϵҲһ
ҶϻһζТڼТ˳ĸָֻͷǰǹҲ御ֻȥˣ˸ǿ󲻵á

38

һ̸˼ΪͶԵҶϱȹС˼£˱Խơ
Ҷϵ̹Թֵרºӡ
ΪϵüգҶ϶˵ʱ뼢ݵò̬壬Գһѵÿܵľ
ϼ뽫ȥļΣȴҶıܿˡ
Ҳ߿࣬ǿԼǣڹǰΪһϲ̸ͬ
й޴֡
ܿĻһԼҶϷֱժ˵һ͵ڶΡ
ҶȻ൱ģȭ˫ֶ΢΢
Ҫɢˣδü˵ϸ˵Ļûʱ䵢顣
ԭĹ켣ӦûصطԷѡֿͷȴһĽͺͷ͡
ڴ֮ǰϵŮ̺ͻŵ뺯ϵþϻؿͷ
ɹЩƵĿҶϣһʱֲˡ
ҶϷֹϿԼæùڣȴüͷչɻСιɫǣ
ϲԥһŶҿͷһؿɺã
ҶԲܳʱӦһȥˡ
صͷŮ£ŹΣֱ˵ĶҶϵŶҽڱ¥һʣ̬в̣뽫յƽ֡
Ͼྩǧ·;ңԶ͵ĸ㱸һ̲
ҶϱͻļзӦŵԭأ˫ӣ͵עŹϣһƬãȻ
ʱҶĥŹǾ䡰һʡйߵ龰
Ҷϼʱ˵Щǣ඼Спͨ͡ãѵѵǶһ飿
Ҷˡ
ϲ֪Ҷϵ˼ѾȥüǰһҶϵ֣ûп˼ֻϣͬʲôѣ˵
Ҷ쵽ֲ˼֣ͷҧ´̧ȥƹϡ
Ϊԥȥ輸¡
˳ĬϺҶϹ̧ͷۿ죬˫⶯ڵ֮ɣСü֮ס
ֻŶ΢ĩҾҵ׺ֳԶĲծ̨Ŷѱ޸ܽ⣬ѰŵԵ˼Ҳǣ
һ˵˼˿ĻôôŹأ
ѰʲôŵԵ˼ңΪʲôͻȻ̸ޣⲻ̸ξˮ֮
һͷˮעɽɫҶϣϸϸһĥȻһЦ漴Ų輸ͷЦ
ֱЦʹϲżѵĲ˲۽ЦᣬεĿŶŵС
˵Ҳ̫ˣϺôҲǸӾĵŮǡƸףô᣿
һӾָŵĺ£
ǡһĥЦ̱ϡ
ҶãȻĿŹЦ˰Ĺ򣬺ţ˲ֱ
ǽϵ뺯ˣ
ϲԽһ·٣
˺䣬ĵĴһͭ壬Ůˡ
Ҷϱرܣȴһ䣬֪ܵԹʾԼϲ
ϿӣָϣҲԼǵá
תͷʱͼҶһʺݵˡף񣬹ϲٴδЦһ
ʱæԼûǷ˼ԼˣҶϷķ
Ҷϵ֪Լ顱ߺһС
ϼϵ뺯Ѿ͵ҲͰּҶϸӹǣнסᣬ뺯պãҶȥƹݳһٺõġ
Ҳδӣ߳طԷսֵĽС
ͬҴ·߶С̷ߺȡ
ֱʱ̣ͷƫȴɹҫĿ
һȵڶǰһҶϣڴȺɢ
ļĥҶ䲼ϣϵһʹйϲֽĿҶǴƵϡ
΢΢̾ϢһŤͷֻԶǡһ²ƥĵ̣Ҷϵĸ첲߽
Ҷϸ緢״µ£æסϣЦ㲻˵Ҫȥƹݣͷɽˣ˽Ͽɵˡ
ֵбһۣżʱأеʱ䣬ط˹ƷٻعѲɾʹ㲻
ҶĻǱǿ̡
һ̣һͷƹӭǰͨĹɣûӸţƹֵϲЦտ
λС㡣ǲ֪м۵ġ
ҲûϰһԴֱ꣬УרõҶϱȻ
ôܲУÿһ£Ͽʽܱɱмۡ
ۿȥֵǮװ£Ҳʮ˵ĶҲһףϱſֽѡ·Ҷ˼ס
ֻСӹ̫ʵĳߴ硣
ҶϱͲ㻨ӣɫЦŻԼ·ȥ
һ˼Ҳÿֶ飬תϸѡһƥٺɫӣȻ۾˲ԸɣҸ֣϶֮ǰƳ
ҶϸҪƾܣһ̧ͷʵϰ壬ƥʲôۣ
Ӵ۹⣡۵
ϰ꣬ϱضϻͷֱҪۣǸʱ䡣
ƹ񼤶촽Це֣˸ƣֻҪʮ
ϵϰи߼ۣȴû뵽ڵزסЦƹģҲǵһӣʲôﶼҲѿ࣬ʮǰá
ƹа̾һû뵽СѾͷȻУ˼ӣǲ
ϸʱ䣬ƹɫһ壬ҪʵۣСӪɳԲô
һüͷϸϣɴҶߣЦˡ
Ȼ򲻵ʵĳ£ϾδҪϵˡ
ôԼС࣬ʹʹ͵ĹƷӿǶѳСɽˡ
һƥ͵üֵ͸ҶţҲ㾡˷⣬οΪһƥʲּۻۣ
Ҷ˿ߵſڣϰһʮŭ𣺡վס
϶סţͷк£
ƹǿǿɣͬſɽء
ϰŷֵĶѡеٺɫϣú׷Ⲽˣ˵ҪͲҪˣô۸˵𣿻Ҳˣʮ㱧ߣ
Цһ͸ۣ۶ҪתͷҶŸ첲ߣ
û뿪ر͵һŤͷ˷ʺƣסԼ·
ôĵӣŵŭ⡣
ΧѸپۼһȺΧ۵ϰա
һҶŭɶǰס˵ֻըëСè֣
ֳΧ۵˺λкð֣ٸǰͷͷλ˸۱٣
ֿ촽Цˣ뱨ٸ۽а֣˵ͳкƵ¶ȥͷҹϺõĲϣǮ
аԣúǰתͷŭ߳һʮʮҷ֣
ƹЦһɿ֣Ƕӣͷҹȥ
Ҷżæǰһڹϸǰۡ
֮еʹȴûд
Ҷп۾ֻǰһϮӻɫӰһǰĶӶȻסһֻ޳ס߽ǣһ
ɲǼ䣬Ʈɫס͹ϵͷ
ӻӰ̧ͷ֮ʱһžɫЦգ⧲ӳҶ
͸ᱡĲϣ˫ǳɫͫȾϼůơ
һ˫һԵƤЦſרע͸Ź˵Ȼ֮µ˷˼
ҶŵһᵽһƳĸܣɫ֮ˣ
ǣ¶һС֮ƽһξȴƹҶţ˫һ£еٺɫϣסĹϡ
Ҷž㶵ûز
ҽŰԴϣѾǶӹһţ̧һƣжʱ˿
ȫˡ
̧Ҫ⿪ϵĲϣƲ뵽˶ӣֶ˶٣ôɿͣ

39

ƹֻǰһΣ׳ȥĶӾѾ̯סǸǮ˼ҵĹ
ƹĶһֻǹǰ֪ʱ˸ĳ߶ߵĺͯǰﰫһͷȴһơ
ǾµԼĪµ͡
ͯһϮйߵӻбΪһ䵶
ɫͫɫ·ٵĹ
һͷһСɵİ£𣬶ĺһöӣһɢڼ米Ʈݡ
磬ͨ˼ҵĺȥԶƹƬ̣ǰһߴٵǿЩʽ˰ɣ
ϴʱѾָƽҲ𻰣ƥٺɫϣЦеǰĺͯϲʹӣ
ѾµǰܺӲʲôûŹôʡ
ȻŵµƤĳһ˫ֺʮ˾䡰ӷ𡱡
ϣ
ðɣɫȷʵеġ
֪СһͻȻ϶뵽ʲô»׽Ū
ҲգšġԾŵµͿɲңҲϲƥϣƹķҪ˵ô죿
ŵϸɨϵĲϣЦһֳǲϣֳƹȥϵѿ²㴩
ϳһЦһ˵˾
ҶϴʱԺĻعͷĿܿǸһԴǵգǰ½󣬼еûŰɣ
Цҡҡͷ
ƹѾ˵ϵĲϣĳǳɣͷͿˣȰʶ㣬ӡ
ƹٴҪͷڹϺҶʱϥѺرǰһǷֵʱ͵عڵأϥǹǲظˤÿһ졣
ƹ̱ڵأϥǰ̧ҧгݵĿԡ
ֻӻɫŵĺͯһһԣһȦͷԴһ²
ƹĺȻһצ֮µĿ־УɶԷǸͯǺܿսʤ˱ܣǳСӣļҵҰ֣ʶ𣿴Ӿүӵһ͹Ⱥ۵Ķȫץ
ЦһֲôţԭǼƽø˸檣Ͼõ𡰾˾ˡˡ
ŵԶסŲƺǾô˳ƣ㴹˼⡣
ԼУ͵ȵҲиӾŵ߰°ͣ԰ڵҲӾүҲץ
ϲֱӵ
Ϊʲô۴ĳóƷʾҪֱϰʱԼҵġӾݡûʲô԰ڵİɣ
ǳƷʾ£
δֻӾ̴ʱȰ£
ŵƺǵһ˽Ӵƽգۼ˵ƺܱ꣬ȴܲһ˿սϢеʮֹŹ֡
̺Ⱥ⣬һߺȣͷˣ
ҶתͷȥֻƵͷٲˣ߽Ⱥ󻹸ʮۡ
ô£ͷɷһ𣬶һƣͼƹĵڵżǰԻиͯȴҲơ
ͷӴһ𣬼æҪǰƹ񣬾ͼǺͯȻ̧ţƹֵĶϣ죬Цȴ绹ء
ϣ
տʼĴӣ⻰ӦòῪĵġ
ͷŵĵԲ˫ۣñǿߣӣͳǺͯ߹ȥСӣ
ǹүߵǺͯ࣬͵ڴȭͷҶʱסеСģ
ﻹüסͷһȭͷѾӳһɾֱǺͯȴ֮⣬žһǺͯȻ̧ƽס
ͷŵҪȭͼǺͯ΢΢бɨӹ
ͷ˫ɫӿһսã´˺ͯš
ǺͯǱ˫Ƶڽ嵶֮ʱͷһϥһڵأɸū飬Ź򰲣
һȺԣ·ͶסŲžһأŸųŵ򰲣
Χϰŵ֪ϵʲôˣʱ仩һء
ǵϵƹʱŵɫ
ԭ⺢ͯòǷֻļҺ˸ϱµ֣Ҳ벻⺢Ӿ׵ĹµĳƷʾ
䣬һ밲һֻͬʣ¹ҶŶˡ
ûݣҶɵˣ
ŵµĻͷԴǷֵƹ񣬽ŵĶƤ˹ȤЦһתֻ°ͣʾϸߡ
ϼæҶŸϾŵ¡
߳ȺİΧżŵ̧̧֣񡣡
Ҷһ·ľսĸŹϲھŵ뿪رܣȴֲҶȻ
һûһĴŻŵ³طԷķߣǰ˳ŵµ䣬£Ҫȥ
ҶżϺȻʧľٶŵõһܾϥһȥΪġ
ϸҪ˵žһ죬һתͷûҶŵӰ٣ͷһѾڵأæţ
ŵջͷƳ˵ϵŮһۣϰԵ˵˾䡰񡱡
Ҷż״ûͻȻ񻯣һڣĵıϷüԹС㡭⡭ǻʾ𡭡ġ
һЦ˵ҶŵĶͷЦŵģģǾŵµİЩŵ²ή۵ġ
Ҷ֪ʲôƷŵ²ûпڳֻõͷ۾ԼĽż⡣
ϱˣ޿κεߵ˵ûµģţ㿴Ű
˵꣬ϾɿҶϣǰһŵת£ͷˣͰһ
ŵЩͣȴҲ˳ӵĳŹϵͷԼͷڣߴٵЩȥ˵ҪȥǼҵɫѬ⡣
˫ͫһתһͷڣһϲǶҪ͵ģ
ŵʼ˵Ҫף㵯޻
ϣǵã
ŵ£á
ŷ˾ŵµڣˡ
߻ĿɿڴҶߣɣºܹԵģ¡
ҶŹ˰ΣͰ͵С¡ԡͷˣ
Цʲôȵ¸ͷˣҪͷڣóء
Ҷţ
֣½ŵճȻǵȲպᣬþŵԳ棬磬Ҳȥ˶˼ν̸Ρ

40

һлصطԷſڣԶǹĳѾȺʱ
Ҷųûŵº͹ϴУȴһסЦұҪȥ¥صģйúβһУ
Ҷҡҡͷ治֪Ϊˬ϶㣬Ǹʲôݡ
ʱҶҲɨϵıƺλӾ˵Ҳֻǹ͵һȣΪͷͶЩΧת
ϼҶžŤͷһдš㰡¶ˡľŵ££Ŷ뿪᲻ʧ񣿡
ŵһܵʧ񡣡
ϻعͷҶϵɣ¶ˣ
Ҷֻùһͬ
Ӵ󣬼ʹڵʯ·ϣҲƽ̹ʯשأࡣ
ƽȵĳԭЩţɿŶŵľŵ£㰲ࡣ
ŵ½ԽöˣСһСʱľء
ƽûлֻʽȥ룬ȹҲ׼ŵ³ˣԽܳŷ硱ҲǸѵõĻᡣ
ŵһ˫ǳɫӶд˷ܣʱŴͷĽˡ
ŸͷΧܣʱʱľŵµߣ㽦Ļҳ̶ߡ
΢һüæŵͷһӣСһЩӤʵС¿ʲôأͷңѽ
˵ͳӣ˳žŵµձһ顣
ŵЦ˫ƳŴͷϣüĶԹϿڵҲҪ
ðЦȵ³ˣҲϴһϽʱ򣬾Ҳû˸۸ˡ
ŵգգۣЦ⣬³Ľëƺոƹ׺ģɻʹϣ۸㣿
ϳЦŵµգǰ˻۸ͣҲУȸոǸƹ׶
ݺͣ޷ʱҪǵѾˣ᲻Ụͣ
ȲܽʱûȨڹݺ֮ǰҪƭδĵȸػĳŵҪ̤ʵЩġ
ŵ²ĿŹϣʵΪʲô۸㣿Ӿץ㣬ҲӾץǣ
ϣ
һﻹûӾء
ڿһЦ£Ӿûʲôģ͵ĸ׾ǸӾƷְϣ׼ԴŸƽ˸Ĺأûʲô˲ġ
ʲô˲ŵһһ²£»ж㣬ǹӼһ
ϲһ֣Ҳ΢΢һ
궼ŹӼԵһΣŵ¾ǽϵĵһӵߡ
Ҫݶͣ͹Ͽ¼΢¿ʼ൱ԼĶ㣬һֱΪԼиӼһĽԺ
һЩУŵ»ϵĳɼԼõһȴӲҪϣάԼгֲ󼰵λ
֮ǰķ粨󣬹ԭΪŵ»ԽϲЩңʵϣСһȴмǳվɸԼĶ㿪ġ
ϲøı䣬ĳжŵ¶λ飬ȴǰֲıġ
ʵ벻ʲôìܣ˳׾ѣΪΣҲδǵñص򣬲и
Ӳͻúúõ𣿺αҪȡأ
룬жڣǾͶˣǲǣ¿ɱӾˣ˵˵ߵȵӾǸdȵľǵĶ£sȵľһӾҲûȵģ
ŵһ˫һۣƺʮֵ⣬ֻعͷ첲֧ϥϣڽҶţι
ҶԭҪװȻƷʾôһ𣬶ʱŵûʧɫæ£ڣ
ŵ¹ǣһƵĻЦ°ͣһ˫ɫӣӳĽסҶţһһٵûsǹµĶ㣬ɣ
ҶŸտʼѾŵÿ췭ˣ񱻾ŵƵͻȻסֻоëȻȫſˣһֵĸоϮȫ༸Ҫײؿڡ
ϼҶŵÿ콩ˣæ˳ŵ£ü£˼ˣ
³ʱҶֻԼ˫ŶУһվǰתġ
ϼʱĶ߻ʵԶӣӾҲϡƽĸ֮ǰĸء
ʾӴʵڽҶľս
ҶŻǵã߰ʱӵ΢½ϣǸᵽǮĻ˹Ա̨նɱڽпڡ
һĻ׵Ҷſǰ㣬ĵĹؿ޺ꡣ
ֻǵą̃ͷ­Ѫϸߣûͷ­Ĳ͵Ǵ֣һյðݽȥˡ
龰˶جΣҶʮηЩɱȨĻʾη弸˱ܡ
ִûŵÿĻʾôƯˣ󣬱Ȼӵǰ㡰̡İɣ
³סҶţͷһǼر˵ľ¥ϸϸһ룬мɫʽŻ
˸Գӭӵĵƹһ˶¥ĵ䡣
ţһµѬζ
ϼе̧һƣͼżһ°ɫӰٴ̤ڣŲʩʩȻתһ˫Ŀº͵Ŀ˹
϶ЯҶϸ밲Ҷͬʱ¶ס
ؾ񡣡һ̧֣ƹԲδ뵽˫磬֮
¹ˡϵͷһЦ
ϷķԸƹ񣬸Ҷϯ;ߣԽһľбһԼϯλӽһ
Ȼ˽ϵСҪǵһҲ룬˽⽭ϣȻܵ׽֮⣬΢˳⣬⽫ǰŲŲֿһЩ
ƺĲ׽ľٶоһбĿһ۹ϣŵȻ
Ϭ⻥֮ʱԸƹϲ˵ľŵ»ˡ
ŵ´𵶵ߵԲǰʣµһŹΣһ°ڣ֮ǰ̧ȣýűסµĺܣһϥǣͰӣԼϹ
ֻꡱһ죬ϵȸľʵذ巢һĦӣôһŹߣɴְ
ϣ
ϣ
ϼԼ˲ˡʮǧּ߬ӣ̧͵͵һС
ŵ¿ûһۣȻȻӣһֿ˿棬ߵ㣬ôûϣ
ϴʱɫҲЩѿĬĬ˳˺üڴžСӼƽϣɺϸĿڵѬζһƷ֮ǰ˽ʳʽ

41

ϻ䣬⴫ƹһߺȣඡ
ţƹһĸװŵŮֶһյһ߼Ĵ裬߿Ųֽƶ롣
ŮԣŴǰǸŹӵܣΨҶЩ֪롣
Ҳδʧ̬ҶŹϣ«ư˫ƮŻˮϴȡֽ˲ֶˡ
󣬵һʽˡ
볣ĴͬɵľƬɣ̬죬͸Щζ
϶һƣͼǵڷŵǸƬõˮеüˮ͸ģһƾʳ
һƬڣ֮Ȼ
ʹζ̫壬Ҳǹѵˮֻǡý֮ȫòˡ
ѬţѾżǹɽϢ
Ŷ˴輸Ůٴż䣬ÿ˶Ỵ̈״Сľ̡ʽԼƬѬõСڿǰԷźá
ϼľðһ鿾ͨ͸Ѭ⣬΢΢ü಻㣿
ƹһڵĽ͵λ͹٣۵ѬĳԷأճרյʦΪƬ⣬ȳĿ顢Ŀ飬ʮֽڸɴۣζޡ
죬ŵºԥƹĿףһƬʦһָḷ̌С
ζѬֱ̿ˮĹϣСһͶȥмһƳ
ƹæһӣʾ⼸˿
ͷؽӴԺյĹͣ佭ϲδݣɿ͵ǹĳͷ⿴žͽη
ҲǱװ磬Χ˾ӻʼһĹٷƽͷջϵóģ²⣬⼸λͣضݡ
ƹîȫɣźһйͣκ׵һλе㼱ƹ⾫׼Ŀϯܶ׷ˡ
ǣϯʼ˵˼ףƴʣԼҾŻȿʱѾһһĵˣҲٶ˵Ҵһòˡ
ƬʦֽĽƬõʳ͵͹ǰϼѬǰ뽹۵Ƭᴵ£Уʱͱˣ
ͶĴڸУֱζҲûˣ
ĲϼƬʦͽ͵ƬʱĳȵĿ⣬ڽһع
Ͼбۿ˽һֻۣ˫ĿǳЦעǲ̬̰ģ
ʱͷ⣬ʼССڵĳƬһԸոտԵ÷ɿ죬ͷҲе÷ɿ졢ͷϸƬʦһ
ϱϵľٶЦһŵĽʳ
ϵ˼ѾȫʳϣȿЦ˹ҲǾʶˣֻϧһֱԵһύֱգڹִһù飬
¹ˡϵͷ΢΢һݣǳЦЩСֵۣ֮һġ
̾Թ½ԿСκһרˣܳɴ֮ˡ
һüվտ죬ָĻȣֱΪһ壬Գһɵ˷·ܹУܵĲɣ
ͷҲֻ֪֮ˣܸܵõˡ
һͷ˿ڲˮڲͷȥƺǾԼʧԣ˿糺졣
һʱ֪ôȥΣæһרŵľŵ»ţӲ̸۹ԼҰüգʵû˹˹ĲŻƽտ˹ｻüɲ
ŵ³Եðæ֮ۿ˶һۣгʳȥ̧ժһԵֽ˲͹ڵıбɨ˺ĹһۣƳһװҶţһ˫һۣЦǰ̸۹̸һ˯ˣ¾ûٶʡ
ۡһҶ⧲Цּæ졣
˲ɱ˵Ŀбŵ£ûС̸۹֮Ļ⣡
ɿһ׼ʽЦϻԴðɡ
ƺȷʵᡭʱʱ˯š
ôЩھŵµϲãȫһ
ŵ¶ʱûʾκϲõļ裬ǿһ͡
ıԣǾŵ൱ȤĿ
Ĺϣÿйۿʱʹŵ̸϶СƬ̣̰˯
û취£ϱͶЩķļûȤȴþְĸžŵ¡
СһһʱԼҪϳסһԴҪҪˣ
˯Ĺ˹ﺬ޵ͷûΪĻȤæת˸䣬Щɫʽ
ս󣬽ϲŻһתᵽЩʱգҸкʢѵã֪Ƿͬ͡
ܷʱ븮ͻƺǱǰļˣԵЩͻ
Ȼ⣬۲һתֻƾܱȻӦʣ˺ܿԼʱ䡣
ûмǴ֮󣬹款ͻᱻΪ檣ϵ϶֮ǰϱһз׼ǰǰֲ
Ӿĳаʮͬ͵ӵ۴ͻ飬Ȣٽ־ƵŮΪֽǰźԼļ̧˼λ
欽аܿᱻ̧ΪλǲСġ
Ͻʮ꣬ȥĩӵ۾ʹͻ飬еĳԪʮСӣȴʥּ䷢ǰҹˡ
ǣӵ۵֪ԼĶŮԹӲȤ
Ϊʲôأ
ҺٳͬԻʺȡ򣬶ٻϰǽӵΪ˼գ뵽λʾСĸȫŮԣɵĶŮġ֢ᡱ˶
ΪˣӵһæּŻŮλԾĸ԰
˼գȥȹ̽Сʾ֮ʱŷ֣Ծ󣬶߸٣Ϳ֬ĨŮ̬ϸΧСʾתơ
ӵ۶پҲûˡ

42

ϯβʱŵҲ̸£Զ˵֮ǰϵǸԵƹ
¶ãѯǰ󾭹ʳ˾ַüĿûᡣ
ͽϴǰ·ԣϾãǵƹҪ̯ϴ鷳ˡ
Ϊֲλܵίɢϯ֮󣬽Ҷţȥĳµ꣬ĵĹһΡ
ҲֵýڣֻƾܣҶһλʾͬ£ˡʷϻǿ󡱵һν֡
󣬹ҲһƥĶӡ
ʱ̬ȼԼӣϱϾҲǿ󣬲ԵЩʧ䡣
һȫûҪһµľŵ±ýϷ棡
ڻȥ͵·ϣ˵ע㱻ֱһ۵СĲ̯λˡ
һƼڵűˣʵıȭǻλĵүǣҿĹŮɣ
ϱӿŲ뿪Ƿ֮أȴҶͣ˽Ų
Ҷֱ㶵ĿձԣǸ۾С
Сﲻʮͷͣƾȴɾ˫Ѿ٣ϸһź˵Ķ쵰൹Ҳͦ˳
ƽղ֣϶ͣ½ŲҲ֮ȥֻձһ߰󡪡
ܼ򵥣ǶĹСľ̯˼ҵǷ˼ʮӣҪԼĹŮծȥ¥
˴ҶѺ޵ҧгݡ뵽Լ
ŮˣƺתأǶĹ˵̯СףĲ̣󷢴ȱ˵ǿٶһ֡
κβζӮⳡľ֣Ϊ
עֻһӣ˫ҡӽеʤ
ǶĹֻ֤ҪλΪŮԸ⽫ԼĹŮĶˣ檶ԣֻ󱣸
ʤľ֣Ӯ滹Ǻܴġ
С̯һõĽǳŵԣСҲֽţǺֵһ
ԣⲻٺҲ˼뻨һӶĸƻŮȥϱǿ׬ˣ
ҶŴʱɫǺ죬ϸϸԼ̲һҧİŮһѣ
ϼעʤҲԾԾԣȺƵĺǹظѾͷҲǺõġ
ϴʱѾĲ׽˹ϵɫ̿ڱ̬˹Ĵȣ֣ȳǹ
Բͷ뽭϶ӣ˽ԵͷȻһЦ
˵䣬ǶľѾһһѣλһˡ
ǣȥһϸŮƵĳ弸һȭý¶һЦ
ɲȹתȥ塱һбӡɢİ뿿Žϼľŵ£ͺȻͷЦһ
ϣ
ȻôϰĳŶͯĵĳЦβͬڳ滹ǲܲҪģ
£Цʲôǿŷ߿ɱС
ŵһͷзǳͫɢЦ˼һģӮ˵ġ
ϣ
Ҷźͽ϶һͷŵ¡
˻ü΢òڹ˹ǰչ¶һ棬ͱⲻܺӸһˮ⵱ģĶ͸ˡ
ŵ¼ԼݵĶ㾹Ȼϵˣæֱӣ촽üָСͽС͵㣬ǽϲЬķߣܶȶһġٿǶͽǿ鲹ׯС˿ŵĲɫʸжһ˵Ĵʮ֮ˡţǳͬһ֮֡
ҲĬĬ۲һۣЬӷߣÿɣпĲЬ
ϸԱ˶񲼲ɫʸк󡭡
ֻԸĺëסͷһĳλµС
ԣƺҲ⣬ɵŹ˹棬Ȳȥ̯йߣҲܳԼãֻǿϰռ֣ڹˣ֪ļ
ⷴȻתƽɣȴǰһ˳ŽµͷëӦ͵ǰ۾ŵף֪Щأ
ŵνʼ磬иԵģһֽе㣬ǿϸˣÿزζҡӿԱǸС̧͵ž͸Сơ
϶ʱһŤͷϸǵͷһɥģС
ֻǹ˫Сǰζҡɸӣ뿪ľͰ֮ʱ˲̧ԼҺõĽǶȣ͵ţָһϸ΢ķɣƱȫӳ˶С̯С
һĻҶ޿̵ĺ޵Ⱥ࣡˵ģ͵ˣļ
ѾûۿˣϰԵҪ
ҲҪĳС˵ˣ
ɫ΢һƽգȻҲܿ׾ӵƭֻϧս˼˹ϣδǣεľأ
ΪʲôҪɱǧܻһأó극˰Сһﶪϳ͹ģ
Ǳӻûڣ̾ζҲ̰ͼŮɫ֮ˣСкҲգ
ŶĸۣߵĹɵͷ
תͷʱȴͻȻ˸͵ı飬̧ʮָԼ̫ѨԴȦ
ϣ
ȻڳЦǸϡ
㶼ϵˣƾʲôֻЦһˣ
СҸû꣡
ϼæֹ˰ŵо˱ŨûУص¥һصطԷ
һ·³ͱ˽ҶţŤͷקס˾ŵµڣϽԼĿͷغŴöţί£Ϊʲô۸ͣ
ŵ±ΪʲôҪҪ˵˿̼⸱ŵģʱЦһ˫һǳͫ
ֱЦ;ˣ
ŵһЩ϶ţû۸㡣
ϣյ»Цͱأ
ŵ£Ǳ
ҧгݣҶﲻҲϵˣºβЦ
ŵ£ºθɣ
ϣ
϶һ۸ǰɣ
ֱ޲úݺһȭСϣ
뵽ԼֻһԴһӲˣŤͷ輸ȥˡ
¼״ԴżһԵϵ¯ϡ²
й߰ɣ
ƺҲԼЩˣæͷίίӣȥŵɫ
ʱСһ˫޳˫ȾԾ֮С
Ȧ̧ͷȥͻͻֱԽԼһʱˡ
һվŵĿǳƷʾһʱ᲻ᶯְС壬ţɾͲҲˡ
ʱͷ㴫²ɤԹ
һ飬æͷĸҶԵ²ͲǡԼޱˡ
Ƚ¿ڣʹߵͨ˹͡
΢΢һ㶣ҪڣС̧ۿ۾ŵ¡
תſڡ
Ҳæվ

43

ѾͷŽݣǶ¸ϵ̡
ʱ̻԰ڳЩƣϾӿǵССӾĹﱨͣҪʶȤġ
һţ̸һ̧°ͣƳӭСֱֱŸϤӰ
ŵ£
һ£ջֺ̬ȣ̱ƽӸǰͷģЦūŸŵ밲С˹ʺã˵һæ׼ʽݱԱ⡣
˵꣬̾ͽýаСȹ¹ͣͼľŵǰһѽӹԼеĽС
ʲôŵ¡ડһ򿪽Уϲ˼
¹͵Ĺϣ
̼״ֺõЦЦ͵ؾŵµĻӣڽչ˹ͽ֮ʱǲ˻ظȡֻȥء
ˣ°ɡŵû̧ۣʹҴҴ̵Ĵꡣ
ϴʱС¹ײϱǵĵ񣬻ƾܣڷֱʹǸϳԿŶ裬Աʾ¶Գν̸̬ȡ
ѾͷͿͳţϱһϲŵ¸ǰ£Ϳ
ŵ½иϼҧס´Ц۾˫ֲĽӹӡ
˿ûעǰľŵ£ǳͫ¶һ˿õɻ
Žߵ̨ǰŵƻСľӣֻͨ͸ͨȣɫҪǳ࣬ڹԼܿͷưʵأһɾ֮ϵ
ϰӣһֱɵֺţȫһߵľŵµ˿
ϲ
°΢΢ͷб˫ơ
͵ػ񣬸ϽսվĴϲģ£͸ոһʱ̫ˣЩ𣿡
ߡŵ°ͣñǿ׿ֻһˣˡı飬תֺ߳š
ϣ߻ôСۣ
΢Ƭֱֵ̣ܿûָ顣
ʲôμӹִͻõȷأһ춼ȥѧÿŵɫҲõСŻ׽Ūˣ
һĵһӣСĽԼ
СϸϸֵģʱӼҪպã᲻ȡ¡
ܾãϽ͵ĶͺһŶ衣
˼ǰǾԼСŵ㣬ҲðӴţ
ڶһ磬ȾƴɴϾ˸һҸղ˲ϵӡ
һҹһ˲͸˿˿ĺ⣬һ֪Ǽϳ˵ʯ
ϲ̵ĻѾͷϴ룬ȥҶţһţͷʹһߺȣŵ͡
һ飬ʣԺ嵭ˡ
ɤӣһǹĴӣæָſڵ죡
̵Ѿͷ˴һܳԷӣȥÿš
̬ҲĴԷ߳
лʹָͣǹ˸Ĺĵĺɰ
̣ŽУߵ輸£ơ
Ǹӣ
ŵ¾Ȼһֻϳ˵ʯӣ
ʯɱٺõ䶼ذٱ
ŵڽʲô
һͷˮĶֵǧʯӣʵ벻ͷ
ôЩ꣬ŵºٸʹͣһ֣Ƕһɱֱʡ
Ĺ涼Σգˡ
˵ûʲôϸĵǣŵΪʲôȻҪӣ
Ȼʱŵ¡ŭ͹һֶֻ꣬СһѾʣˣҲٳڳͷĿˣʹ;ʹ͡
쵡ŵµĹϣʲôֵʹ͵Ĺأ
ϾԼԴĦŶͯ˼άʽˣɴ಻ٶ룬İõĽʯӺúղ
һ죬Ҷһ
ϿĵȰ˵Ҫڹеʦˣ˵׼ȥӼְأҲǰ;·ӡ
ҶȴҪȽе鰲ٺãȻҲԼи׺͸綼޵׶Լʵݣȥͼӻĸ븸ܿࡣ
ϱȰصһ룬ԼҲ̲ĶϲˣҲûٶ˵
֮󣬹ϸԼȥغǰԺ
ϸ̤ţϱЦӭЦ˹ˡ
æе¾õˡ
һͷ繵Ǿõˡ
һ¶֮ɫ
ϽЦһŹ·ոյĵȺ򣬲ǺɲǶѡ
һ죬ͷвɸ̾һƺǰһЩء
˵ţϲ˸ƣʩʩȻ԰
Υвпǧ
Χ̨ͤ¥һһľǰ֣סʱʱ̾Ϣż΢ǰͬľۣЩΪʲô˸Ķ
϶ıЩ죬ƽ˼ҵСⷬ»ķӦ
Ѿǲ𣬵һνʱԼûһһէĵģˡ
粻Ϊ滨ݶ¶˷ɫҲΪʯ͹ŹֵĽС֣һ·ϣЦ񾲵Ȼֻ̩Ȼ뽭Ͻ̸
ϸŽϣһߣںʯϣŮ˸õĲˮ㣬鲽ʯ˵һԡ
˹ͬŮࡣ
ǽ϶űֵʵۡ
һɵԼı֣̫ûоϲ̬֮Եϳˡ
ǰʮʶһ˽ϾͺѰȻ֮С
ȻɬĶʵҲرʱԶ̬֮ˡ
ϼɫӣԼţæ͵ùﵱյ֮ʱѿڲͬĳʣѵõģ
ϸɴſǰŭĿϣ¼ʶͬء
ɫ΢΢һ죬æֵˣֻмλµá
ϲڿڿֱЦϸĸ첲ϣ»¶˽ǰ͵ֻӡ
һϲزסЩ⣬ͷ˿ڲˮռＫΣԵĹﲻϲЩϸ鷱֮
ϵȻһﻰеĵ֮æ˳ŽϵвĹأԸǰûֵȡõ˰ˡ
һϲæһڲˮ˷ܡ
а̾Խϵ˽⣬صļһ뻹Ҫװµġ󡱣пܻӦġջ󡱡
񣬹ֲĲ֪ܵĵϣȥ뽭ǣֻܵһ١ˡ
ǲϰ
Ͽĳ彭ͶȥԹһƳ
΢΢һֹⷢ˹Ŀƺ̫ģæˣڳһֱɫ
ϸˡ
˳Ĭϲͷ˹Ҷ˽ʶ
»ūҰϱɡ̾˿Ǿڹִ͵սʶģͶԵֻϧ
΢΢ϸ
ϵͷҶϼıҾԵ˵һ顣
ԭˡϷĿתƬ̣һЦϲصģ½ڱɡ
æͷ£ĺūˣҪҶҳծ񡭡
һִĻЦڹ˴֮ˣǶ̯ƭ֣ǽбɨˣ
ϼµҲûϸųȫūҵİˣˣЩΪѵأ
ԺãͷЦȻ϶ԱΣԸý°Ľڱá
ϱ彭ҪӦԣɼȻҪΡҲֻɻˡ
˺˶ſһЩ̸ֱϼȾ͸գϲͿ͡
ΣǽƾܣǷŹϵıЩݡŵýϴ˿æҪȥ¹ϵҪסޣ
ϴ˿᲻ߣĹǶģԿɵı֣͵Ц
ϴǰô
ƺû˲ı֣ҲȽС꣬Ĳϳ졣
϶ԵϵĴˣôһ£϶ԼڵϷ۲ݡ
ĸ۲ݡ󣬹ϻصطԷͼѾͷѾʰ׼ջظˡ
Ҷ죬ԸʮĻ˸ȴǣȻϴӦæ٣Ҷݵġ
㹻ˡ
ݼһϵһջصѧãѾȫԼĳλС顣
죬׼˾ŵԵĸ㣬ףա
ãһÿɢ֮󣬾Цһ˫ۣͳǸ⣬СãŴŴڵ¶˰ɣ
Ǹ⣬̧־͸һԵľŵµȥ
»ʱ䣬¶˽ǿ
ŵ³ĽëڵϣͶһ㰵ӰĿⶨעŹǸ⣬ڻһ˲䣬˫һԡȻʯӣ
ֻһ˲䣬ϺȻܵĸеһ
ûļ̧ͷ¾ͶȻ̧һӣžһеĸ㣬վڵ߳ѧá
Χ˲䰲ƽŵ°ͽϵľ󣬴˿̶ǰ۰ͰͿẔ́С
֪˶ãϻ̧𱻾ŵĵ÷֣Լֱ
ѾЩϣָ޷ƵĶ£һ̰ۡ
ţȻŵֻǴеǸ⣬ǹŭǹδܹġ
£ǸδĵһĶˡ
ɡΪʲô
ǰ˵ǵСĦΪ΢˾ŵ£
뵽ϽסһȭһίУ͵سӣȦ̾ͺˣһᡣ
һͷԽ˫ۣſȻذٱĴϾ黢Īίʱ޷ʧ
ǸСһȻһ
֪˶ãΧнŲOO@@߹ȵɢȥϲŶƵ˫̧ۣͷΧѾȫˣһ˶ûУԼʵĻ
һÿΣҪȥУѵ
뵽ʱַҵίСˣɻƨƨߵĸȥУ
ٴίҪ֮ʱ󡢺ܽľ룬ͻȻһϤɤ
޹ˣ
һ飬͵ػͷͼ¾һϣһǰαϣޱĿڵҪȥУ
˵꣬ȹϻӦŵ¾Ծߡ
ûи»ͷⲻ͵Ƴ
ϻɵ㶵ԭ
û뵽ŵ»һȥУʱ㶵ĿСһıӰ
عƵһ죬סԼѾֱþŵ֪Լձˡ

44

ķһӭ΢Ϣһ˿ůҲޡ
ѧյģֻʣĬˣڱС
죬ͷֱĵĵȽǸ
ʱ䱻֮ʱߺһ䲻͵·ڼѹŭ𡪡
һ˲Ͷˣ̧ͷͼŵѾعͷ⡣
һӿЮŷ׷һ꣬ǸֱıӰ΢΢Ʈһ̣Ӱ㲻ԥ߳š
ϴæվϽ׷ȥ
ðɣһԵ˵׻ʾƢֻûôйǹԹԹ־ܰɡ
Ժܼϻǵñŵµ꣬ϾϺԼС
һ뵽ǸµδԹɢȥ˴룬׷ϾŵµĽŲԴ͵͵СһıӰ޲ðȥһӲŸеȫ
һǰһ󣬽ΪרУΧŽϰֶսѧӡ
һս˻ڶѹϣⲻǾĵط
ϽƹѵΧڣȥӽͷȡСһԼͲߵ߶Ļصŵߣ˳ӵĵǰ
ûЦ⣬ӹͲһҡ
ڶ˽֮ʱϵֲһȥֻ۵ӣһμþŵһ٣סִ̧ɹĹ
ϼŵµͻȻһ٣ʱŵһ£ձ׵ֱܵҪȴּʹֹס
ҧ´Ľͣھŵ¸ǰ۾׼ʵʵٰһᡣ
ƺոչſǰĲ״ŵµ׻˳ֽӹʱϻ˫ۣûӦԽŹ
˫ͷһǺ׵ֱȫȻڽǰ˫ǳͫȻȾŭ
Ĭ
߿㡣
һӶĺǳ⣬̫ͻȻ
Իæۣͼŵֲ֪ȻĻƽɫٴιĳСӣ˫ǳͫʱɨֱϵࡣ
ǲµԼŴǸ⵼µĽΪСľŵ£û¶Σǽķҧһڣʱʱһ֡ôôбӹϡ
ϣ
ҪܺӽҪ侲Ҫ侲
ϼæֱۣסֱϵףٰ˾ŵµۡ
ŵ¿ʼվˣϾʶȤ˺ʮϯϣԸУС˸Լ衣
һѵ⣬ϾȻоԼŵĽһ˲ȫκˡ
ҲһȻʶԼԶŵ¿ԶԶֻǸˣЩŮ졣
ʱ䣬ŵµƽʶΪ޽ӽɹ˲䣬ŵȴִԼΪӪı֡
ͷһˮѹ
ӵеģʼֻǸδĶѣԶ໥ƽꡣ
Ҳˡ
ϵͷŰһĹȻԼھŵ¶ԣ͸ĹԼһ㣬֮ء
֮Ƿ̫࣬ΪľˣϴעĹã̧ͷȥŵ¡
ϵǣһİСŰСһֱηηھŵתɫִ١
ʲô
һ˲оͻ֣̿͡һ৵վ˿ûΪԾȻǰŵ¡
ϸϸһֻȻʶģӦǸѧһλС󣬴ʮµͣڸڳ顣
һСУʲô
ϸӺˣľϣ̧žͳǹ߹ȥ
಻ԶʱСͻȻǹǺͷվ˾ŵԣƺҪ˵
ɻĶסţǹ￪ڣͼŵ޿̵ķ¹ͷС͵ĳվԶôͷǻհô
Сǵøˣɤ΢Ľ͵¡Ҳѧɡ
ŻȻ
ѾµСҪʲôˣݴǰڨıҽѾԤСܿĻ桭
ȻŵһȻƽʱ꣬üáعƨ¡һСԹٴ̧֣ӱʸವһƿʸٴδġ
º
Сƺȹк࣬˿ⷽŵĺǳ⣬ʱȻ̧ͷһĽĿŵ¡
ߡŵǣǵȻ޳Цݡ
ССԼļһԲվţѧžŵµƣ𹭣Сʣ£ǲǣӦ
Ȼ׼֣ҽż⡭
ϣ
·𿴼״γԼ
һԾŵµɫһ˲ͻǳͫ˺ָСﳶЦôҲô
кǸҲ֣һָɣ
СŤĳ˳½ǣȻô䲻Զأѽ
ϲڿһЦ⺢ӻɵġ
ţͼһ֣ϵϺǰֳ̧Сֱۣվ
һ㶣۾ŲӡСȻҪ󷢴ȱΪָˣ
ڹŵע£̧Ů˫ţ³ĵơ
󣬾Ȼӱסǹְֵ֣鹭
ڹһʱСܲ˹ҵȣʼٵС૵ۡ£ֺۡ
ܵҪ֣ľŵһüǳս
ǹһҧأסҡ
˫ֱ߬ţ֮ʱСѾʼԿƵķʹ
֪ⲻװģӱʹйҲȾ౶ȣ¶ܽճѪӡ
ǰֹͷȴѾʸ˳ȥ
ಡһ죬ǹ˫ֱɿ֮ʱѾȶԶİ֮ϡ
СﵹһϲıĺŰˣŰˣ
ϣ
ðɣ˵ͷϰҲ漣ˣĸҪ
һԾŵ˫ֱֻۣЦһ֣ʾѧǹ¡
ǹȴδ̧֣ҪӺ󱳵ļͲ
ϺҪȥսСԣ־ûҪԼȥˣþŵԽ׵
ϵǣŮ˺һɹȻ쵽ǰŵ૵ò
ŵͷɻĿһʵʲô
Сŷ֣ݵŵǰ˶ָ޴Ŀڵ£ҵ֣ղˡ
䣬ŵᣬʹǹۿ䡣
ŵ½һŪλСķ֣ԸеЩΣƳƳľ󣬼æһסС֣߼ôˣʲôޣ죡
СίֱƲ죬ֱﲻסƾԽ˾ŵ»Ƶ
ָžŵ²ס
ϵЦȻʹˣüǸڳСĪ˵Ĺ次
㱼䣬ŮıѾõģӽŵ¡
һȻȼ
ǰһѽǹӾŵ»ﾾȴ̧ŲޱȼеϣŵһƿЩľ
ǣãȴֻŵһְǹĺףߣе˵Щʲô
ڡο
㶵ĿǰССӰֵͷګګ̧Լδֱ
ļȻ˺ݺšһѣٶٵۡ
ã̧ͷֿһ۽£һƲ죬תɿ쳯Уȥ

45

УϵĶһ޻һֻȥ͸
Ϊʲô
ʹǸİˣҲܹŵµϧ֮飬Сһİȴ˰
ֱϵĴʹУùĿڷᡣ
Ծŵ±̫ϣ
꣬Сһرİ˳ӣǼٵģôһ¾ȫ
ϴ̾ϢһΧʱһӺζǺüͷع񣬲ŷΧȺƼһӵĺǳڶ
ܿ죬ϱ㷢̬ԡԶΧӵߵڣߣ첲ӣ໥侾ţƺǷ˳ͻ
ϲѵĳҲΪĳͻŹվһʵֵķ
ȻǶ¼ΪܷΪ١
ЩˣƺɵķʽչʾԼ˵Ĺע
ֻҪֳͷЩ¼ֵ˽¸еġʤǼ¼սʹЩƵ
ϵͷӿŲѸƹȺȴϸ߽ͼӭһ˺ȻתĳԼķ񱼶
ϾȺһڵӿУ
˳ǶԷġԮϵˣ
ʵڶʮĺ޻˵ۼȺԼӿֻתȾͳԭ·ܻȥ
²˳
УȻǾĵطȭ۵ģɲ뱻ˣǻȥСȫ
ڹϵΧⲻԶʱѾмʮ׷ԼĽŲУֵܣҪҽͷƽҡ
ϱƼɼĿİֵӿȥԼΧԽԽԶУΧһ£
ɤȴû˻֮Уһ˿ˮ
ڹĴȺȥһֵʱѾ֧䵽˵һ˶ĩβΧƽһЩ
һָоԼ첲ȻһǱһ˫ֽס
ϳԾŤͷȥͼһɫڵĸ߸кվԼ࣬üĿĺǳĶܣ
ϼæֺС磬ϴˣҲǡ
**
Χŵ¼СԽԽѾһϸҪںֹһ˻
ִˣ
ŵ°һϲһ˷ܵĿⳡϰԵĳ󡪡ǰϳվĵطֺϣ
ŵƿСתߵΧߣϳǰ˵ϵ󣬱ָӿȺ˷ЦԷ˱ˣ
СﱻǰĻ澪öˣֻηηקžŵ䡣
촽¶һ˿ɫ˷ܵĿһٴλͷϣ쿴
һͷȻ֡
ϲûǰ㣬һյվڴǰǸλá
ֻһȺֵСζҲǸϤӰ
һ̣˫ɫһȻһ¶һ˿Ļ̿֡
һת̧Ⱦͳϯȥ

İϣ󣬾һϯȲ裡
ǸСºȻܿæȾ׷ȥ
ϣ
ŵ˫üܱԹ¿ڿˣ
ȻƽӰϡϯ˿ֻˣһ۱ͷ
ȴûйϡ
ϣ°ſڣѰҡ
ϣ
ǸСѶ˹׷һ˱סŵµĸ첲£ôͻȻܵ
Ŀ⻹ڿϯƣ·һԵСﵱ˿Ȼüһ˦ŮȳΧⱼȥ
СﱻСʾһ첲ƵԶˤ˸˲棬һƬζƼŤᣬʱʹֱܡ
ķסվ׷ȴζֻܿžŵµӰ˲Ϣʧǰ
**
Ǹϴˣֱۣͼͬ˽ͣɤѾе˻ƣζ޷ǹһԵĳ
кԼĪʮͣþˣֵģ˶ϡ
ϻĺˮѾȾʪͷö˿̾ôקţһһȺɱۡľǿ
ΧвƼܵ·ʱʱײһġ
͸֧ǰʱһ죬ȭͷƷĺХȻϣ
ֻ顪һ죬ϸоקԼ첲Ĵֺһɡ
ŤͷһкѱһȭڱϣԴһֱֱȥ
ǰкڱɽѪУǸİӰһеǰ
£Ϸ·ҪסݣȲȥ
²еȻ
ŵ´˿澪̣һסϵ֣ȾͳȺȥ
ΧһƬң˲ƼųײȴڼײϹʱŵ»ȭҿһ߿˵û˵ˡ
ϴ˿˫ȸǦƵģϢһ£ﶼۣһϢӿû߼ǰ͸ƻϨƵģȥʹҲʧֱ峹ʧȥ֪
֪˶ãۣΧ
ƺڹӼ¥żһŸӵİˣţǹҽ٣ʱޱĴԴϰһ롣
ˣ
ŵµɤһЩͷԣ£
ǰһͷŴɫҰ׵Ůһ˫ǳͫл֣̿ǸΣɫӡ
֣΢Ц££ûµġ
ҽټæԾŵ±һҾ£Сֻ۹ȣЩţ޴󰭣ԵռȬ
ŵһͷ˶˳ż䣬ȴɵ㶵վԭأķ
˽Сһÿηô״ҿˣô˻
¡
䣬ͼµĶ΢˶漴ͷͷɥⲽǰߣû̧ͷϵ
ôأŵµͷָŰ૵Ҳ㡣
ϲЦЦ·һ»صȥֿǸ˵СֶգͰ͵ĵԴָ
ȥ͸͸ϵ΢Ц
ŵĿתɨδɢֱò̧ͷ
Ͻ۵ģ±ġ
ŵ̧ץץ䣬Ľ͵ǡǸȥġ
һЦѹǸˣ
ôŤġǸͷһů£Ǹôֱأ
ŵ¿ʼҶӱ⡣
죬һ½Ѿˣȥ껹ӦͣҪеˣȻҶΪСء
ŵüۿһۣϵѾˣ
ѽ΢ЦǴˣԺϽתأǲǣ
ŵµͷ
һǣǣǲǸøҵѽ

46

ŵ˼ѵľ֮УڡеĴҪϴ͡ϴǸС֮ɲ
ϼ״ľˣ˼Сʾ棬ҹˣγͻþŵѧſ˵ĸܡ
ڶ˶ԥ֮ʱϾͼŵºվתͼſȥŵùϼæø첲֧ӣ𾪵룺һﲻҪܰɣ
ȻŵȻ˷ţȴṳ̂ȥֻǶ̴ӷԸȥ¥£ҷ¥ڡ
ǣ̴˼תƹȣ¥¡
ŵ̽Դȫ˹⣬ɫϾĹغţתϸϸȴǷʵüбɨϵĹϣ۰ݡ
£ҪʲôĿɿڴ
ŵ¼ѵⲽ輸ԣһ·յϨ𡭡
һ˲䣬谵Ĺϡ͸ɴֻǿǰһУճһ谵
ϴžŵӰһٴԣԤ׵ģ̩ɽѹ㸩
££ϻæҪһֻȵ֣ȴͻȻƹĲ£סա
ŵ¿ڣɨգ
ҪʲôѾ̲סҪ֣ƿǰܺӡ
һòǲϴҪڰɣ
ҪŤӣ
Ҫ
ۣΪԼ޽֮ʱѾձߣ뼫
Ľ𻮹Ķϣһ飬еһӡ
ţһѵ󣬽ڿڣСڹ϶²ǹġ
Ǹʽʹ˽
ŵظȥƿŴк̴ӻϲ裬ˬ
ϵĹŵýֱ޷˫ĿſգŸձС£ĵǸ̬
СϸѰ
**
ϱƻ뾩ᣬ˵ͷΣԱڽϽӵΪ
ɽնʦףμ£ԵЩֲڿڡ
ִͣӼжپ˵̧ԼӾĳһʸŵ¡
ҲΪЩԶŭֻҽϺһ꣬δ뽭ߵһø
תǷҶ«׵ʱڣϼһڽ󣬹欱˳а
檣ҲȢ޵ĹνƸҲ¹欵ӡ
ϲ̫׹欵ϵĵɫΪζ
ڹϿⱲӣûлᴩ¡桢ΣİýȢţǱ˵ƷһȥǼֱڱҲûˡ
ȻĸŮȴһҫĵɫʵڽйϿЦá
̾ˣֲɻӾľļҲԼΪأĸŮĵ⣬ʵҲġ
ԼڲͬĹǴӺζģ
ѵΪǰϼҪȢţ޵İۣ
ϴ˼֮ʱһֻ踲򣬶ߴº͵ɤ϶òȥĽ檵ãӲʸţµļױҲһöȣֻԸܼ޸ΪΨһˡ
Ťͷף
ðɣ֪Լİ˭ǱĬˡ
Ц绨˵δԸȴδ̫ĺۼ
һʹһӣǼ˸ãΪүºʱǶνǲʱ⡣
ʱϣûģԼӺ󣬹үǰһȫֱҲ֮󣬹̬ȣŽ׵ġ
Ժ뻼ûʧδȾϵգʱ⣬·Ѿͣĵ꣬ʡ
֮󣬹ѵҪһ˯ĸŮ˱໥̸죬ֱҹ
ϳ泩ڵǲֻҪ϶ö˶˵ļ޳ȥܰ뿪ط
ϵȻɫȻһͷĹŮԾ˵ʲô
ͷ¹⣬һ˫ˮڣᶨĿϵ뿪˸ɣ˹࣬Ǹ˲ҵɷ򣡡
ϴʧɫŵɵѾͷͻȻ˵ȴ治Ļ˹ϵҲԶŮ
죬üðɣ϶Ѳ˸ϵأ
ǲֻҪҼˣܰ뿪ȥҲãټҲãԸǿ
ϺǼŵҪͦˣԲ۾ŹϵСӣô£оȰĸ˶Ϲϵģ㸸ٲãҲǸӾٽڷһкӹ𣿣
ҲȻ侲㣬ûз裬˵磬Ҽ˸ܰܰҵˣݺ΢ҸĸԶһһĴңǼôԸԸ뿪
Դã̾ǵȻ֮á
ǣɵѾͷûˣⱲҲôˣ㣬ٺ˼ˣ˯ɡ
ﲻ뵽꣬ϾͻᱻıȾʹ絶ʰʹ
Ȧһ죬һ§סϵĲõģ˵ˣҪŮҵһˣ͵д飡
˸ĬãǲĴŮΣֻáãӦ㡣
涵ɿ֣˻ȥ
ĸŮһʱֹסʣһʱĳ̲ס̹׵ģӺܿҪͷˣ˵ǸˣʵѾˡ
һ㶣ŵᶼֹסˣڽסŮգŭ⺢ӣ˼ģŶأ֪ˣһбˣ㺦
Сһ죬ԹԱ졣
Ĭջ̲סһʵڹӼ࿴ļҵĹˣӾǺ
аԻش𣺲ǹӣʮˣǡʾ
˵ŵһͦϻ֧֧ĿڵԣҲѧأѾˡ
ϼⲻشݣԷһҲֻǸӾŮ˼˵ЦŵԵĲźأǼ޸ƽͷϰգֻҪԷһĴ㣬ϽģϹҲġ
ŤŤӣߵǿ̫ܲŵԵġ
üܽӼ࣬ҲǸӾѲɡ
ʲô۾һѲǸģɲɣľ󣬰檵ĿɲڶãҲѱպ󲻻ģ
ϼæοǵģģǹ
˿
λʾءһķһס
һͦʲô
ôģ檣ʱзģҪʾ檶
εٴϵ¼޵ԷŲҸңһССӾñĻ𣿿ɼ˲ǰݸߵֵġ
ϼֱҪЦˣǰһɵѾͷ˵ҪҸһˣھȻ˵Լûʾۣⲻǻ֮
ӹ񣬲檵Ļʾָųȱݵġ檾ڶλģ쳣ġ
ɾѡרһ檵ģûģ

47

ƽͦ飬ôԸµĹͷͷͿˣߺߵĿŹϡ
Ťֹˣžˣ˵ˣۿЩϢɣȥѧء
ܲ˵ĶŹϣһתòǿǸƷСʾ˰ɣ
㻹ѧʺ꣬굱أ
ʥϵʱˣʺŶܸһСʾŶأ
̼۵Ķȥ˰Ǿŵ£
׷ʵǾ˭
̾˿Ȼ£Сɪĵ˵Ҳʶѽʱ䣬Űݼˡ
⻰ŵһû˯̤ʵۣŮһСľ󡭡
**
＾ˣŵɢѧ󣬾͵øλʾһĵͬۡ
貣ҫͬ硣
֮չŸ׺ֵң顰ʺ͡ĸ֡
ǹܣĽ䣬ڷԲԼ˽¯ƢƮɢ
ϣİڷżλʾΣԭͷΣֱǴӡŮ߻ӵϯ
Ϊŵ£ոµ滨ľΡ
ʾ϶ѵɽӲͬŵǰֻȰڷʮӣҶЩ밲ӣݱȹ˯ǰ»ߡ
ǣŵڿۺ󣬾͵Դ֮У˯ˡ
һԵ߻ӿҲǵһϾšˡ
ǣ͵͵̧Ƴĸʣľս˺ֱ߿հ׵ֽţԲľŻá
ŵ״򲻶ļݡ
߻еֽſʼԽԽڣľٶ˶ŵӡ
Դ̧֮ԵɵɵĿ˶桪
ŵ´ݴ㡣
ӣ
֡Σͬ͵͵ƳһӵۣδĬĬһڣŻá
ԶĿӿʼķŵ´
λӵĹͬŬ£ŵ¡˿
ڴʱӵüеһ裬һһ̵Щ㡣
Ӧּ
š㡱֣ŵһ̧ãȻĹˡ
λͬʱ˿
ŮŲ㣬һһڷλʾԺӵ۽еӵݸһԵ̣
Ӻͽʮ־Ǹ˼ֵ⣬ֵʱ
ɵȵӺȴûһ˸ȷ
Ǳ͢裬ǽҷפϷĽлϷɣ٣ʵһƭȡ͢ãʱޣϣѹե߽ϰյ
ǧ֣дߡȻԸռ֤ڿڹ
ôһĽ죬Ѻǣﴦ
ȻӺλ곤ЩĻʾȴûгӺ߻ƽҲҲ£˿䲻֪ʶô۵ҲԴװ͸
һ˫ĿǷߺޡ
лϷɣѲֹһοбҷÿ״ۣնʯ󺣣һ˿ˡ
ԭܼ򵥣лϷǵʺĵ׳֡
ӵлʺɣʺ΢ĩֻһλ˶ͳ󹬱ȱЩ
ԣӵҪ̧иְֹκϸʿϣֻܿǻЩ֮ŵĳлϷɡ
ȻȴԸùΪʺƽŰܻ¸ǰӵԶԶ֧ȥ߷ڸģ´˵ȴ
ڽϿ˼ʹٶƽߣ
ǣһ仰˵ôʺͻӴΪС
ǰҷļλСԱѾ½˾ǣѶȫޣѲ
񣬱͢ҷлϷɵνŹײһ
˵λ͢ƷԱ棬ʵûҪڴԼǰ;ʺΪС
Ȼӵԥ̬ȣȻʺּ֣
лϷһⲻǣӵܱסʺҲضҪ׿ڴԼӵļˣ޸϶
ӵ۴ʱ˫Ŀϣǻʺִķ飬Ϊ
Ӽ״ͷƳƳ죬ĵѹϰն˵۽ֱʵӣʼ̫ˡ
˵ӵԸӵʱΪ񣬿ɴԼȴôΪƽĶۣŮˣг˴˵ȳ£β
ӰЦһûܽݣǹ欣ҲС
λʾٳûпڣӵۣɤѽĿڵΪӦδã
˼ǲԸԼЩ̯ʺԹޣ
Ĭãϻ˿һȭĴظʣΪӦٻлѺͻؾ̲붼Ժ
ӵ۵ü΢ɲ壬Գһƣ̬֮
ӿƳһ۽ϣĵ΢΢һЦͬ⣡ʣлԶǧ֮⣬ͿΪңⲻЩܵС죬ޣ̰Щ޻Ҳδܡ
²罻Ѳղ̽飬ᣬ
ӵ۾һڴĿӣʵӦǲ˭ȥأ
϶ʱĿһϡ
ǲȥлϷͨ籨ţҪĻᣬ޳֮һ죬ձҪһ
һղͨһϴлϷôðı͢Ȼݶ䣬ҪһλΪԱ
˼˴Ѿ˲棬Ȼͷ˼´˵֤֤Ѿȫ̲лѾɶʹһ֤ʵ
ʱƷز죬ⲻôݾߣˣиԱˮһգ
ӵɫһһԴӼæôԲӣǾã̲붼Ժ˷еٶȣ͸лӦ裬ϸǷС˴
һȭͷĿŭɨӣҪڲ⣬ȴӵ۶Ȼ˵еҲթۣ϶㡭
ӵ𱸵ϣָ˵㣬ҡҡͷûۡ
ϷĿŸʧɫôһ˲䣬оԼ궼ˡ

塢ΪõľǸʧ
ګګתͷĴӣֻͦŷĶЦһƣԼ˸ƣȦΣٲȻһʤߵ̬
ϻλƵԭأǰӰһΣ߾弱еСţܣȥ
ŻعŤͷһŵѾһȻվԼԣûƵĿʼ͵ﲦõĹԲԡ
ϻŵµԴɫɲҰףûһ˿Ѫɫ
תͷ͵ݸŵ£ȻŵĲˣ㶼ȥɣԼϯȥãԡ

48

ϻ䣬ӵ۵üͷһ±չˣüЦĳŵָСèӣ˿ӳ죬һ֪ˣ״
ûʾԶչЦ˻ȴֻǿǣӦһЦЦ
ŵ΢΢һɫЩʧ䣬ֿ˶ĵһۣ˽ϵĺ⡣
ӵ۱Сһľٶֱ֣Ҳûӵ˼㿪ʼ򵥿ʼλʾĹΣһƬ֡
ʱ̣йӽţʥš
ӵ뿪˲Ÿ̸߳ĵ
ϵɳأһϯ
ż󣬾ͼſڵԲԣбһϤӰ
һţСӰһ㣬СͷƤĶ˸ǾŻ˭
΢΢ǣЦһδСһֱ߳⡣
·ʱҲֻСһԴ
ŵºһ³ĽëͷȥıӰɫӳǸ¶įӰƬ̣׷ȥ
㣡
ϲ׷İţȴû˼С֣޾ɵİڰ֣ҪˣҲЩ͹ȥգɫˡ
㣿¿첽Žϣͷʵǲˣ
ԲĿڷƣһͷεĳ彭ЦЦԳŶˣ㷽ſǹΧģ
תÿɷٴ׷ʵιҪŭʣ
ϷĿ΢ãٴԳƵЦЦΪա
ƶǶעԼϲͷʣţ֪лϷ𣿡
µͷЦʴһȾƣ͸£ǸȤ
ϲʡ
ϲµͷ
ϵŲ΢
ĬһСѾһ·¡ţͣ½Ųָָ̬ķ򣬵ţڸˣЩȥ
룬ֲпգȥ˽㡣
¹ԹͣԭأϦ£ǳͫעŽԶ
ֱϼʧϦı˶ˣٴοں㣡
תͷҲ˫̧ۣסĿͣʵк£
΢΢üͷ캰˵˽Ҫȥ޺ˣ
̻벻ɤڿտԺһ졣
ãϵͷɤ᲻ŵ̾Ҫȥġذɣذɡ
û˵ʲôֻңң˰֣ת߳͢
˶Ҫߵġ
ӡĹӣѾ̫𣬰˻Ҳ˸ָ͡
λ˶ھǣˣⱲǶټˡ
**
ÿɢѧҪһѾͷ͸ǣɪаʹЩ챦˸
ԼĪʮգϼϱȺūŷòҳţ¶ģһȥڿͷֻʯóѾͷϸһͨļֵϡг̶ȣͼһĵɪͷѹȥ
ȻվΪ̫ĸ֮˶֪϶˱ǵڴţ
Σֻþųִ˵ǾŵʹһϡԼʶȥǰ˼ƹ񣬵һŮ棬չʾֻʯӡ
ǣڶͬһӱͷɵˡ
һͷĿɿڴģϲŶһôʦǸʶģûʵʯɫʸеص㣬ĵġ
ȻͷΡΡӣĦãŵϸ·̽ζ
գɫȹлŵĶ϶Ʒʯʯɵӣ⡭ʵ֮٣
ͷֱϵȥæǰ˲˳
һΧ۵͸Ǽ״֪ȷʵǸΣү˳ʵֵǮɣ
ͷҡͷ̾ϡ䱦ǽԺ
ɫãͷʳָĴָȦֱСԲȦȻƷĻѣȻʯôСһ飬ǧ
䣬͸һ
ƫԣǲˣȥȡʹ͵鱦ͷһһۡ
ȻЩá˸տϡ汦үӵۣ
ЩȫһүӲŸ˸ٶġļۡöڲͷˡ
ⳡʤڽĸŮ徻һЩûѾͷΧС̸ֵ۴ӵʹˡ
Ȼȴûùɶ١
Ϊ࿪ʼΪɫżˡ
ĿȻܰүٵƷϵĹԱ塣
ϵѾǳִʹˣּӼѧӵĳǸߵȵľ
ļƷСǸŮҪȢؼңǾǴӻצУ͵μˣļҹܲ˼
ԸòŹവ꣬һѺϵС󣬼Դڡ
ϺͷۣΪɶ񡱡
Ҳ̫ģϾҪһԺ󣬹үŻῪʼѡżҡ
ϻǵãΪǳƻ飬ŽסѹԽ¶Ѵ
ûգϱеĽƸġʦ
ϱΪԼᱻΪļ檣ȻȴһҪýȢӭš
ֻϧĹϣʵ̫ǣڽĸǿ£һϾ꣬ϱ
ʱĹһӾͱˣһ࣬ǻٴΣ˻
һȻҪǰ˳öֻ࣬ǽɲ䲻ȵӣʵڽй޿κΡ
ڸϿԼƻ飬Ǹľͷ˵׼ΪԼû׼˵Ե͵ǰֹˡ
һ°ͣںԺͤ﷢
ôأҪǰһӲűЩӸɧŽ
šʹС
һʯæǰеˣﲻʣ
ҡҡͷֻԸһȲ
֮УϵԺУͻȻֳĳԵС
ˣ
ЩӸڹӼ飬žŵµ棬ѧУԼһˣĽǸ͸Է
ŵһǸ˺飬ûԼǸ⣡
ⲻɱӺõİ취
ö⣬㲻ټҷүⰲŵϯʼ˳ȻĽʶһЩС
֮һһˣΪ󣬹ϱֱӽݼڣȴԸİݣԾɼÿѧá
ֻܶ£ÿնԲ
һýκ󣬾ŵõǸ⣬⽫ͬԲǸ⣬ڹȽϣÿǸʮֿɶĳü桭
ϲСļվľ͹Զˣ
ŵƵĸͷһ˫һۣ¸£Ծ𣿡
ʲôƣļꡣ
¼ǰֱ߲ԶһÿǰһģһĴͷ֦ϣһصĻҶ˵ǹµʮ
ͣ½ŲܾСһٶˣעŽµıӰ
һɾԷ޳˫ȱڰ볤ţƤѥУ毺õıɽй⡱
ǵõ꣬潭ϲμӾŵµĳ죬ԭһѻʾ֮УԵʮϸС
ϻʱȣ룬ϱǸƷʾСͷء
ʽһʼȫʾһ˲ɱ˽ϰͷ
ôأ̫ˣ
ϵʱ˼⣬ֱΧһȺվԶԶָŽ¼ļţŵȺó
ϲڽ⿪ǧ֮ա
ðɣȳ˲𰡣ϲı
ϼѵĵͷԼ޿˫ȣٿԶŵСԽԼȶ̡
ڣĿǰߣսʤŵµġ
ϵǰץסʣ޼ƣ΢΢ǣӸ¡ĿŽ£Ȱϲһ꣡
˫˳ǣһΣЩѧʺͶǣֻϧ
˵ţСͲͷһ̫֡ĻԷ˹ºȡֱֱϡ
ϣ


49

ķ磬ѼдЩ΢¡ǹӺ⣬⻹λεģϣȴ˿ůҲޡ
Ϻ޺޵עӾŵ²ǾµĻĻꡣ
ֱ첻
챻ĹԹޣֲͬʾֻۣðסԸʣµһСݺݵȥ
СĿͺͷһӽһ
磡
δӿġ󲻾̬ŭ˲죬䲻ʹһҵ磡
ŵԭеĲŪͷĿ֦ľ磬һ¡
ֻꡱһŵֱһûŵýŵ֦ˡ
ŮԶԶڻΧţĿȴʼûŵ£ʱһץ֦״Ůæͳݡ
ϼæͳӲ˲죬ŵʧˡˡ
Żع񣬸æԼԵúܴ֦ɾϵĻҳ
ڲסЦ⣬һԴǵ»ûļҾ󣬴綼ء
ǺȻ˳ӣоˣ
æס˫ֵ̧̿ȥƾŵ¡
ֻСʱѾЦ˫һӣת߹ס֡
һ⣬Ǽ磬һӱŻȥˣͷӲĿԼֻ֣ȵС֮߬С
΢΢ü
Ľ£˫ɫӣɻĿϣĿдš㶼ǸˣΪʲôģ
ĿһұģֲóȻֻ֣üԹĿǰСʾ
һʵ̫ûΪƷʾԾˣ
Ǿŵٴ꣬ȻôֵĽӴһ׵ľһԷ飬ǻʾҲܻᱻŵģ
ȻܵǶԷܳŵ³ɹһ̡
ϸ֮ʱѾƹשСŵ⻤ݣһߺšĸζ⡱һ߼Сʾûб֦ˡ
ӴҵСӣ
Ķˣ

ϱһȺ˼˾ŵ⣬ŽһıΧм䡣
ԭ˿Щɲ̧ţȺһ֣ɱڵĲˣ߹ָŹϵıӽѵôźģЩ߰ණܽоŵմ֣
΢΢üλҲˣһھ¥ľŵգͼֽ˹δӡ
ԴӹϰĿʼֵĽӴ
ƽôҪȵɢѧ󣬾ŵµĳ뿪ֲŻĭɽָһϸġūš
û뵽ؾȻžŵµǳʵڽйѿ
ϵͷϴ״ֻٽѵһЩ
վƼСӣԸ⻨ܣõ׷棡ūǡ
ˡ
Ȼ䣬ߴŵһ䲻͵ĵͳ⡣
͵̧ͷŵ£ǵһμСһһõĴ˵
ʵ̫˳Ծˡ
ǵָȹ״ƽǸⱻţŵҲҴֵ߶Щˡ
ŵֲ̧ΧԼŮƹ֣վϸǰȴɵķԸȥȡ¯
΢΢һҪСʾ߶
ɵĿϽϵ˫ʱֱʶһ£һִδйηжȻ
̽Դϵı飬ͻȻһָĳС
Ѿˣܾ۸ŵס
ԼϣλСʾһֱʹĵ䷶ƽҲһݵƣ˳жʮûôǳˡ
˫⶯ƺ뿪߶䣬һ棬ȴǰСʾһüʱŵ˼Ӧǣ
תŮȡ¯ȥˡ
̤ѧôԺֵɫǵϺ죬ҧгݵĺ޵СӣСʾˣūعһҪϱ֪
һԸŵģǾŵµŮ
ƽ˽ãԲԽ⣬ȴƽ͵ȰֺαСŮҪ˵ŵ£񶼿쵽ʮͷˣЩԸ⣬ǰأδһСָʹġ
ߡЦһɫĿڵɱССӣɴأҺüοιСӳ
СͿʼ˳ˣٴΣ֪ڸģڹͷˣ
΢һü֪Ǳŵ·棬СϣһʱҲ֪Ȱ⡣
ĬһԹ޿̶ɫϸϸһ˼⣬ڵֱҶ죬ҲΪãȰСϾض䲻źùӳԡ
һŤͷŭʲô˼
ɫҷҲ˵ˣСѾȴǰˡ
¿˳ǸСҲֻΪɣ
СӾȴǸߵȵľǰЩʱգ˹ִ͵ͷǸС
Цһбۿ֪СѾͷãҵӣŻūδ̫Сˣ
ɫһ죬һڵ룬ֻһ䣬ֱˣĻʺҲֻǸС
ūԾڴˣ־˽ģֻܸ˵ȥգ
ɫȻһףˢƵĽãŻع
ŵסСֵΣʱ⵱ͷȣֿ߶˾ʲôʧ˷ŵƣˮƵĵͷӿ˽Ų
ʱŸͭ¯ݵŵ¸ǰ
ûֽӣֻ۹ϣ¯°͡
̻⣬ǰһӹ¯ԹԱڻͷ΢΢׵л¹ġ
ɢѧ󣬹ڹӼſ߾ŵµĳܣʮʶȤԭأȴǰ
ʱԶֱ޽ǣת˦ӹˡ
ϵǣֵɫȻ崺Ȱġ
һźӣҲūҲΪ˵£һʱǼߣʧ˷ִ磬ﲻҪ黳
ĿɿڴĿ֡𽵹ԼǸͷŵһ˿ⶼ𣬼æˣҲ˼ǲܣҪллָء
Ժãĵͷĳ֪ūǺõı㹻ˣǵ᲻£һͱ¦ӣ˸浽ǿɾͲһѵô򵥵¶ˡ
΢΢һü˵㣬˭״ϻǸмл㡣
ֹ˼գֵ˽ϵͯڿμ˽
뵱˽ĴȣϿҪΪ֮У̵һλʾˡ
ĸԼ
䣬ϵҪȾŵ»ˣһ㽫˽ϵĻúã˿Ҳů¯ůġ
ȹһ˶񣬾Щ
輸Զϴ˷Ҫ֪Ҷŵ顪
Ҷŵõس̺󣬵ձȫ˸ֵĶծ
Ȿڹ֮УԱ㼱׷ʵŶкδ㣿ϼ𣿡
ϵ˵ͷɫʧ䣬ЦϹﲻصģδֲˣֻǰլ۲죬Ͷ·֮ʱͷý׾˼ڴڼ䣬̽Ӿɲһ¡
ɻʲô£
ϴҶﲢǻ˼ҵŮǻŮڽĸʱ˽±ص˽Ůĸδָʹٽ

50

˽ŮϲĿϡ
ϵͷµǰ󾭹˹ϡ
̽ǶҶ֮󣬱ҶŮˣÿ¶ڹ̶ʱգ뽫ĹܼڻĽ˽ᣬȡЩǮ
Ҳ࣬һͭǮףˡ
ˣƵĴ˼ңҲһʮ꣬һѳ
ʲ񣬱ȻŸܡ
̽ԭ²⣬ҶŮˣǸĹܼ˽¹ϡ
Ҷű̫ǣԷֺ̽Ҳûи»ر
ֱһǰٽ֪Ҷٻִǰ׵ϲѶҶҳŮΪΪɣҶһҡ
֮ҵĽӴʼƵٽñ֪ҶҸ̰Ƿծ֮£Ϊǡ
ٽǻϴͻ飬ҲܷھȻҶԷ˶ԼʮǰķծҶŮӴܣַĲԼ⣬ŮǼҸı
ٽҲֻǲֶҶҸʱǸ
ͬʱµҲǰգҶլΧεѾЩ˶Ŀ
ţһּ˶Ҷҵݣ㵼Ҷڵĺͬһ¾͡Ϊˡ
ȫǸ֡
ɳţٽսС죬µľϢŨأɿ⣬һۿóƽա
ɳ䲻Լţȴѡ˾˾ĸ߼ʼǹѪͳ
ǰƦȴͬزסǱѰݡ
˫䶼ǳ͢ľˣȴҪűЩʼһϲͨģսֻץϹ
͵ԣʮʼ̵Էһٻ
ԣǻ࿴
ֶԷƺڶͬһ˼֮˾ͿʼЩͻڽǣ̽Էĵϸ
һȥ˾ҹ֡
󣬽һĻʼĸɷ˽С졭
ʼǵʤͦ⣬ûü˰Ӽ¡սͷٽͼˣ
˵һȺҲڶҶˣٽΪ˴ԸŮ⣬ִ黨ת
ò̵ҹ˯ˣٽ͵͵ϿףųꪣԴһɱȥ
ǺأΪ˫һ֣ͶԷǵ֮
ٽæݡ
ǴƷָʹһʼǵﲻԴԱš
һԷ˾ˣٽΪǻʵԲԼļ£ʱŵݺᡣ
ͨһ¹򣬶ŻʳǵķͷԸʮǰĳ¶ȫгˡ
һȺȥȰϽֲ֪οڡ
ϽҲǰѻʵ̫ͨˣһʵ۾֪ˣĶйּ㹷¶
ֲ˵ԸָܶʹضµĿģֻĬٽϣҵı·ؽ
¹غҶŵ̽ǵ֪󣬱ǲ˻ؾ±š
µȥϵɫǿЦá
°ٽ£ֲԼ׵⽫ģѿڶЩûһ
ԣв豭һ£һ޹Ŀϡ
ûһöֻûڣȻʶԵĻʾҲǾŵüæ죬Щҧͷ
͵͵˽һۣͼ˫Ŀ΢ţĵȴģƺ뿴ǲ
ƺִҪ˵꣬һҴ˵ɫգգۣƲ컰һתŵûһԼŮģٽŶ⣬ǽūҺܸжġ
뾡ֳһֺܺ㡱ľȴһЦˣѲ豭Żز輸ҡͷЦŹ̾˵ûһöɣ
ϵһһô֪ľɫ
ҪϱǲеСģ̲סЦ⣬ʶ֣ƺȥһıǼ⡣
ۼŽֿ̧ɫ৵Ǻ죬Ȳ룺ѽѽ̲ס˰ɣ
ϵ֣·Ƕסˣһװ̧ץֻ׾޳צӣô뿪˹ϵǰ
һʧ
ϼģͷʱһѪӿҲ΢Щ죬ڵ˵ûϹȻǸŵĹ
ϣС˵ˣ
ֻǲСĴ磬ͱ˵ţ
ǶĽ֡²˾ģҲ˵ţ
ˣֻڽǰûǰԸѡ
ΪǰĽ̫ѹ֣һӶƵ˷ѹƫƫϲһϲزסκµŮ
Ǹİϡ
ǰһֱʲϾÿΪǳͣԼϵʣԲǰֵͬһŰֽ
ϵЦƬ̺󣬱ֽת˵Ҷǵǰĸ׺ͳ֣Ͷٽȥ˾ӣþҪפر߷ٻĸŮˡ
۾һһ֣ϲ⵹Ǹɾİ취
΢΢һЦĸҲǣңѾؾ빬ְˡ
΢΢һصл˷İã
ض񡣡Ц䡣
Цۣתͷ˿⣬СȻÿԿˣҶҹ˵µķǷ֣رǵغ챦ϰٲʱӢˣʵڽ岻ѣϧΪҲ޴ѧϰ䡭
ѧ䣿ϳԾü
ϽߵĵͷȴϲѿڵǰΪ˵ÿοʱô˯
ϣ
ǰİ˼Ҫ̵ְֽ
ɫΣŷӦԼ˶ԷֺãæվЦȻϹ£汾ȥɢɢġ
һȵĵͷŵȴѾ롣
Ҳ벻ͨԼΪʲôһСͱñ׾ʱѳζǵҲ
ڵ̴ӸϵöʱֿЦԽԽƤˣܰ׽Ūۼֻʽ㡭
ǿ˳ǣﵣĽ˼Ǻ޾ŵ£æֲŵ»Сأǧͯƽϣ
һ㶣Цҡҡͷ
Ҫ£ýϹǸƤСõĻ¼ǰڽÿ͵͵Ҫֽʱ򣬽ϾѾ⵷ͬھˡ
ϼҡͷֿʼλʾ֮ĹϵæɫȰ£˵ﻰôЩİŵ¶꣬Ҷǿģһú֣ѵõ顣
΢΢һ㶣漴ЦһͷְţÿɱЩﾡְˣʹ˵С£Ҳάţδ̫Щ
εĵͷǳЦһĵǻСǻ㰡ɵϣǧԣһ𣬴֣ҲǼһģȻֺŰ

51

󣬶һͬţһȥˡ
ǲΪȡһ嶷Ĺ⻹ǶʱѵõĹҲǿ
Լһʯ˵Ĺʱϵ
Ϊ˲ùѿصػ˰ѾŶĹ
ǨͣҲǾΥˣ΢ЦƳ˽һۣСֻһƬů
Ϊһƥ׵Сԣë˳ֻ۾ˮģԵø˳
ߵǰʱСԱǿһ󡰹ࡱȻ˰βͣڶʾãʵϲ
ʱǣС˾˹࣬ȴϲ
ʵֻа˸ߣϸҪţҲ
ԵηηβеĲʣ̧ȾͲ˵ĺ󱳡
ϵ廨ЬЬ׼ţͼܸܵ˺󱳵£ϱܵؽţջûսʤеıŤС
ͷϵСˣС𿪰ɣԼȥ
С̧һ˫̶ƵС۾ɻ־ŵĿ˿ϣΪԼ˴Ͻƨɾø˵㣬Լĺ󱳸ƽȡ
ϣ
һԵĽķʱɫԥĹǣǲСˣһŮŹ
Ĺ̺ܰȫһ̴ֱǣɢٶȡϡ
һԵϣŹְĽ̹չη׼ͷ
϶סˡ
龰ԤĴͬѵǸְֽ
Сŵ¶֪СʱӦáְָ֡
ȻС⣬ֽѧʽûЧ
ǾҪĽѧʽ˭ѧ䰡
ֱϴǱʱϲԳһ˿ᣬȻÿ밢Ϲֱ𣬱ܾѵõʱ⣬ΰգԵòϧվˡ
ϿЦŵͷ˵ɲ
ѹֵ͡һ檶ûУ
һº󣬹Ӧμ˾ŵµϯ
ǹϽڶ̤ʹ
ϯڽ̩ѧλŵ½õѧӣ󣬾ڶŵȺ빬硣
ֱʱ󣬻׹½룬͢ĹӲǽ
һ˵ͷĸߡ
ţƹԨһ·УǬֱֱ̩͢ʽϯˡ
ֻȴʱѾû֪ϴûԶپϯ˼ѣɾŵǲڹˣŪ
ȻجβŸոտʼ
ϯ󣬹̵Ĵŵ֪˻ʺɣͶЩʾѣʥϺͻʾǣȫڽ̩硣
ɱľŵ¡
վһ磬ŽϻƣԺЩ
ʱŵ֪˵ϣСǣ±û
ȥҪŵݵǸ⣡
ֻǳԶپϯǺοء
ʹ˫ȴɿЩĴ̣һһĴʥ͡
򡪡
һʵͨıȫڵء
Ȼ⣬˫ȵʹһݵĹȥ㹦ͷŴһ𡪡
ɽϯ
ţʺ˵Щףƴʣʽϯ
ϽһǻԹתʳ
ֱ㷹̧֮ͷ˿ΧʼַƵȺĿײİ˹
ǰһһҲûаˡ
꿪˹ҪԶ޺ףһûȥѧãֻڹѧϰ޵ԼϰԣѾòˡ
橡ϼҪкֿΧȺæĸĿڵ϶˵밲
˹ֹȴǰȵö࣬ƹסϵ֣Цǽ橶ա
һŮΣڹԣ˱
ڽˡĿˮдŰעӹϵ󣬽֮ˡ
ֵָ΢΢ף·źԹδĿ־塣
ϼ״ۿ΢΢̣㽫һֱָſڣȴ֪ΰο
һȥ
Ͼעӽ橣ãŲĪ϶ֻҪǱ˴˼仹룬ϳ졣
Ȼ˵ͷ
˫ֽһ˵Ȥ£ȴԽˡ
ۼ۽橱ӣΪȥˮǿЦ˵ЩˣһȥﵹҲ׼ֻǡ
æʵǻкǣң
橶ü΢΢һͷԶǵϯλ
ѭĿ⿴ȥڻʺҲϯλߡ
һλźɫɣš
ǸˣƲʮͷӦǱѣü뽭橻мơ
λǡ
һ⣬ŮˣǰУǸڽǰʧǡ乬Ǹӡ
һʱٸнګګ
ֻǷĲһˡ
Խ橵ɤ˵ýۡ
һæͷȰο㲻õģ
вϷתҵδһʱĻԶ˵ڣעŽ橣ȴ޴Ӱο
̾˿ֻһӣδҲûһֱ⣬ֻԸܼǵĸĺãߺҲҪʱ̽
Ž橣꣬żѿڵģŵһչ˺ġ
橵ͷҽҲʱ£Ͼףʱڲѡ
üѹŹȴ޴йֻöԽ橵ͷ
ȻǸĴԣȷʵΪŵߵ̫˽ѡ
Ҫ潭չĸȰŵԶ
Ͽʼ˼ң˲ʱͻȻһڵָǵú
ƺˡۣϱ̧ܵͷ⡪
ֻһʾһ˿ý˿˫ͷ绪ƣʩʩȻ̤лžյ
һԸŵĹŮ֮ϣһơ
糺죬ȻǾЩͷ̬ȴ˿û⣬һ˫ķĿѸɨȺ˲˹ϣţ΢ɲĳ΢΢ʾ⡣
ϻûü񣬽ѾعͷĿбӵĶžƱĳʺȥ
ϾȻƣ϶ʱҺ죬Ȼͷ
ţִһͨŵ¼ݵ
ʶ⣬ֵǣöṳ̂롣
Ƭ̺󣬼ŮɫҴҵ̤żֻŽŵǰ˫֣ƺҪʲôˡ
ֻžһ죬һֺֻȻӵ͵ſϡ
ţһ뽭ͬɫӰλƵԽ˫ֵĹŮһѷס
£
£৵վ澪ǣ̧ܾȳȥȴһסЩʧ̬
϶ʱĻӣδ꣬Ҳ̻ˮô̬
˭Сմľƣ
ⶼȳʲôˣʲôƣ

52

ϴʱֱڻʺ󰸼ǰɫ˵Щʲôͷӣ˼Ҳȫ˩ǰǸ̬ȻӰϡ
˷ܣһ˫һӲ٣Խźһ̧֣°ͣעһԻŵĹŮɫ߰ĳ棺£Լߡ
ȻˢĻعͷɫֱֱԶµıӰŤŤ߹ȥ
¡һԼŮŵͷϸ˫ֹ֣ŵˤ
ŵļŮﶼŹƣΧȥ
ϴʱŵ½ӴֻСȥ׷ȺִƵĹŮŵµ
橼״Ŀ΢΢תЦЦ㼱ģڵİţ
ƳƳʱߡʱߵľŵ£üͷɽˣ漴ԹƵĵشǣƣŵǺ˶پƣҵȥʣ
ڿһЦŹϵ°գЩŮ֪ʲôҷģűͲʤСᰮģ¶£ÿϯҲҪһľƣȰ˵賤ŵմƣȴ֤ԸѾ󣬿ÿÿͳ

ګګϯλۿžŵ°ɽˮǧߵ󣬹ûҪ˷
ʺһȰĶԽ˵ȴλŮ޵ҧгݡ
ϵʥǰŽлϷɵ£лʵߵ˽¸ʺš
ڽѾʺ޳Īֻνϵĸׯ
ׯ˽˲ٿͷֲ֪ʺΪͻȻһܳӿҲֻڽÿÿ̽ʱŮݿߡ
ȻµʺìͷǶԼҸĸԼ˻ʺҲĸԼܿ࣬ձʺ󾴾ƣлв˵˺һͨ
ʺԽԽϻ𣬵ֻһλ˶ӣڹֻ̻ʵ۵ĳ谮
ǰʵھӳΪΨһûͳ׵˶ѾĶ裬ʺȴɲǰʾȻ࿹
һӵλһǶµǻʺׯ䶼̫󣬿ʱڽ϶ԣ밸ϵ⣬
ԣӵۻñԼ֮⣬ҪԸʾһأҲΪԼһ·
缸ǰ󳼼һӵķ粨
дŮ൱ӵۿԭսԶΪʮˣվЧǰķʽ
Ϊλگ顣
گ̫͵ߵҶ֮ϣɭϣ֮⻹ĵȰ汾ضʹҲ޴Ϊִ֮衣
λʾУδϣǻıǴӺͶŮ
гƷŻŮϾף֮ѪͳɻǷΪа
ԭʺɶûվҲǲӵ۲ãֻһֺþŻŮ
ϾŻŮǳƷʾδ˭ϻʵۣƷµӻ˭С
񣬶ŮѾʺȻԴУ㲻վȥһɣҲԻ뷽跨˽ϵǰ;
ֻѧվΪǸʷǡʺƵ˵һͨ滰
ʺԶͿ͵˼ֻùصĸ֮
ʺ΢΢ͷһϤӰλƵĴӽƮȥѧŽϵĿظĸ֮Щˡ
ŵ£ʺɫһæǲŮǰȥ
һӵϣžŵڻʺ£ʺ԰§СʾԸĻ۵ôֳԾˣ½˭źģһһɢϯȫȥʮ°ӣ
Ů̹һƬ췣
ڴĴ֮žŵµĸȹʺ岽Զ
ȹԼԼҺӵӰԶԶͿһ·ſ
ΧûˣȹȥŵµĶ䣬͹ȥƨƨˡ
ĳʮ࣬ϰĳ͢ɭϵĹأԲϯΪֻõû
ϼʺѾϾػ㾶׸ǣתϵķȥ
һֱעžŵµĶʺιѾƲ裬ŰĿǡɨŵȹʱǰһ
ȹ֮ʱֵáȱϾ۹ĺᣬĳϰԲ޴󣬻ʵҲֻܾȥĻᣬһ̶ȵɡ
ʹϯȹҲǶƫ磬ɹŮ簲ý䣬š
ʱ𣬹ϵһμλĺ׹
ǰҲ봫ʿȴδ˾ϸˣֱǴʿǽòϣЩž޴ʹ
ȹķɫҪȾŵµö࣬߱ǰۣҲ࣬˫ͬ΢΢һĸ߰Ϣ
ͷ䣬ǳĵɫëԾĻ꣬Ƕȿ뽭Щơ
һֱΪ³ФĸԲŻǹϢ
ȹŲòϣŵ߳ɻǼ̳˽ҵѪͳֻǾµ䣬ɫǳϸֱ治Ѫͳ
֮䣬ߺº͵ɤϡ
æͷ̧ͼЦůůڸǰæ
һŽ橣ҲֻϺѼ䣬Ҵת߳
ԳĿŽ뿪ʱԽЦĽ㰢ϣôصˣɴûλСǹ˵ţ˹һζ
̺æתƻ⡣
ɢϯ󣬹˹𣬱ǣڱһ볯ȥ
̤Ǭ֮ʱи˾ԣײϣƵùһײǰͷһλİıϡ
æڵǸɻŤͷ򷽲ײԼӰ
ɫʱ룬Ĵ貣ϻһ۱ϳǰòˡ次
ⲻ𣿡ЦſŹϣôޣˣٸʾźŵİɣѹֽû㡣
ϱ£ɤصڼžҹɫΧͬеı뿴
ЦһȻصǾŵģû뵽ҲˣһΪֻгаܸء
Զʱüͷһ壬ڳ檵ݣʱôĵӣ
ۼһҪɫֻѸٺ˼վȺ⣬뺰̽ǲͳ
欻û͸˺޹˼ɵţ⻹ڹϺ¡
Ȼһ̣ѾȺھ׷˳ſҡΣŶûŵƻҲϵľʱŷԭǺȶˡ
һüɲ뱻һƷ˾Ҫתȴ͵һˣһס˫硣
ΧĹ̼͢æΧȰ⣬һ֮УΧȻͨϹŵ롪
ԣıǷ׷ͣ½Ųҹ֪ϹǺˡ
Χ̴ʱѾ˿һԵĹȴԾɲĵľ
֡
ɤæŤͷԣͼ´ӹ߳һɻĿŹ欣ͳ˭
תͷȥǾŵ£ɿ֣ҡҡλεĸ밲ūҹ欣Գа
Ǵӵˣ㲻ֽй¡
ˣ˺󣬻־סԹϣҪһϳ
һ̴ӼæֹȴŲæĿڵ£ҵãŻ˹أūҵôȥ
ĿⶸȻһ䣬ǰİŮˣһûһƽϣֻߣȥдҪˡ
⻰˼ԣʾû˵ʸ񣬿ɾײ˵欻ͲĵץŹϡ

53

ϾСҪѾֻ֪Ǹ檣ȴǴӵŮˣͨūţŵһ֣ȥ»ỵ
ΧʴҲ˸ǰֻ֮£ͷžŵµķӦ
ŵ±ѾƲ֮󲻾ãоͻָʱ仹΢糺죬ʮջ𣬿üȴѾɼľ
ڹһסɲǣڳһڱеľȻһ̶׷סؿڣסܵļ¡
Ҳ⣬յһİǿв
ָߵȾеϢڽ˳ͻ𹥻ǰܹƵϢأȴûǿҵӦ
ȻֻǶ̶һ˲ϻǾȵѰвķ򣬹Ϣصӿȫָϵһǡ
վŵģһִΨһľֻоŵ£
ô᣿
ŵĿСһɱϢ㱼䣬һη֣ѾǴǰǸնյСһˡ
ȻƵĵƻϡǸսӰȴգۼʱȻƼɵɣ
ȥŵ²ͷԸϣعͷ欣ͷ
ǵõӵȷ˿ǰ˫סֱĳϣѺһԡ
ţл֪ļеǻˣǳаδĲſң
ƾ̬չŵ¿»ӣ
˼ȥȰ²Ҫִֻǲ˽ͳ¡
תһ룬վŵʲôˣҪĵ
ôˣվŵδĵ
µǴӺ͹欣ǴŻûʶжǳ𡭡
˼˴ϲһۻĹ欣ĵ欽پƺȵģѰ·ˣδλҪȶˡ
ʱڳ·ϵĴӣѶҴҸ˲ͽҹﶼһ
Ƴһ۱˿סĹ欣ü΢ɲһ壬ȴûзһЦݵĳľŵкӴϾˣһûعϢ
ԼŵȻЩͲסŭһвƵϢբƵӵķӿͷľǣһȣȽŷ
Ҳ壬ţߵȾʱɢŶֵϢأҲܼӵΧ۵ľӦ
ǰ϶Դһֱܷѽ⣬һЩĴ򶷣Ժĸ󣬻ᱻֱŰģʾ͵ϢԻͷ
ֵԼᣬ΢ףַӦӦǾ׷ǿżһֱܷӦѡ
ΪʾʱѾԸܵԷĵŭ
ȻǹƵϢۣȴĪеսŲЩ£æȰôˣ˭Сǲˣ
ԣָ̧欣üסӣŭ磬ǹ㸮ϵģҪ߹µˣ
˳ŷ۹欣¶ֲʵɫ
ͨ檣ȻȥͰ£Ůǹ欣
֧Ƭ̣һһȻ欸ǰǳⲻ֪ôĶǱ˶پƣǱĻãүôʰ㣡
˻һϳԾĿŴӣûϵ˾Ȼһ˿ҲԼİŮˣ
Ǹ߹˴ӶԹ欵ĸ飬ߣŮˣȴվԼܱô֮
Χıͺ͹̴͢ӣʱ뿴һͷܺаγ˷ļ檡
ʱ̧˫ۣڿˣ̱͡
Ŵӣ˵Ļֵʳˣʳǣ۸欶
ֻĿһ¶ϧ벻֮ɫԭǰ͹欰ƣ˿ȴѿڡ
ԥƬ̣ȻΧһбͣ·̳ʲô£ѱͶȥЩ
̴ӦһȺ뿴ֵıѸ뿪
һʱ䣬Χȥ˴룬Ȼ뱣ס欵棬Ƴ۲ԶĽ¡
ȻƵĵƻУ͸ϾӡԾŭ
أǾӲһٳͷģطᣬֻܿӵġ⡱ˡ
ӿзֹ欺ȶˣ밵ʾ·ŹһƵ
ŻŮ֪ΪӦϧ󣬵Ͼףż欼קԼİסûԶֳͷѾ御ˣ˿ôͨڡ
½¶֪ͣûתأ۹欣ͱͷۣɤɳƵķԸʮ
Իһ飬ŵעŴӵĲ·ʶǰˣɤϸ΢Ŀʣ죿˭죿ʳʳ㿴ң㡭Ҫң
죡Ȼһ𣬺޲סԼĶ䣬欰ݵɤ
вԼյĳ裬ֻҪδλǧٱֻ
ϿŹ欿޺űȥǽǡ
ţһİ쳹˼žĺҹ
ס䣬ȴǰԼ̳ʱһ½ιʱĵЦݡ
һ˲䣬ǹɳȥеų̧ͷݺݿܷĹ次
ȥ欷ϵͷѱ˦һأһشط˿ɢмʹҲ΢ȥ
ٽʱѾȵʹȥ̱࣬ߵ̴ӼֱۣԴѾѪֱ¡
˵İڽ̴ǸԤϻشӸǰȴԶֹͻظ
Ź欱һ·ϳǬţһһ̴Сȥ̫ҽš
ƽ󣬴¹Цݣתص¸ǰЦŮ˸븮أĪƽϣ
ϲͷŵ£ϵǣСһϾûһ˿벻̣˫޵һΪ̵ĵĮ
磬Ů²ټ
һƵĵͷһһ
˲޶໰𣬶ֱ͢빬ȥ
ʱѽ˺ʱ˸ĳǱΨһڶȺĳܡ
ʯʱǶ켱ˣϰĸŵµ̴ӣһ·ȥʱĿ򶫻ŷ
û̴ӿԳʱСƺͷϣȻǰֻܹԹԸš
¾ȥĶ
ɻĴܣǰڽϸʹĿͼӦϤľ¡
ֻǷȱʱ̴һͨѿˣ޷²Լڵλá
ºͶҵţ¶Ҫ·ġ
ԼĪһʱŵͣ½Ųת̴̳Թ˿
ʣ¹һˣګګԭأɿľŵԶ
ɫϣӻɫ΢Ʈòϲŭɤϣ
æ΢΢һͷ鲽ǰ
վֱŵԣһ̧ͷ㱻ǰľˡ
ϵһԲ˫ۣǰһƬĺɻһյյƮһؽε˯
ôܡ£ⶼˣĻڣЩЩǡ滨𣿡
һʱη壬ߵ߶ܵԣ뿿ЩЩα
ŵߵԣޱһصĽۻ䡣
ʱȷǰĻȫģסͷһץסŵµڣغģģôص£
ŵ²бһۣǷǡôºѸ񡭡
ϴʱ̫𾪣˷ܸǹ߷ߣҲûƽСĿ⣬ָԶϲĺƣǶˣʲôƷֵĺɻܿĺ
һԾŵڿڣֻһʱỨл
һ㶣ϸϸһŻ𣬹Ļƺܸı仨ڵġ
Щɻӻڳ±ãҲֻһˡ
ϲĿŵ¡
ĵƻУŵµĲɣֻһۣͼһصʧɫȴ͸Ź׽䡣
Ҫ߾ŵ£ôЩ̣ȥͻ
ɾŵܹӰ죬ɫϣйûҶԡ
ƺǲ˹ϵĿ⣬²ͷͼϵͷȻ̧Լķ١
΢΢䣬¶ϵֻʯӡ˽ǰȫµıˣ
˫ɫӶȻһ
̧ʱͼŵ¾µѾȥĮŴǣ˫͸һĪĵ⡣
Цݣ·ʾϣΣսСָˣ
ΪʲôأһãȻ

54

ʹ̽欽ݵѾߺ󣬲û͸¶ܷԵɣѾǽӹʱҲûŵϸֻǺˡ
һ̫ҽѾǻ̾ӶԹίʵ΢ҲΪԼźϲϵĴ֮λҲԶˡ
ȻѾǽ̧ƻ󣬲űϴĿĵӡŵûæߴһ·ۻظ
˳аϴ˵¶һ¾ʹˣѾǷ׷ȥԸСӡϲļŴ£ҲһƬֻ
ԴϽ󣬱óа谮ǵò˼ޡ
༧֮УΨڽźȥ밲أûعأȴҲ˸ҹȻʡ
аȫŵһСԺصشͨΧǽԺǰԺ鷿ֱͨôٴ깫ֱѰ欵СԺеԲض˵
СʾϯаҲͬʱ͹ϣҪūסλλб𣬵ڳаȴƽȵģ˭С˹ϡ
Ȼ˷ĳ磬ȴúŻ˸
̫ҽڸҩ֮󣬲û̸ѾƲ裬ֻš
ѹ˳ɾ͵ʹշתһʱٻҩǿɾ͸ʹˡ
ʱаĳҲ˸Ӷ⿪һĸϵ欵СԺ̽
ʹ󣬴ӱ㽫̫ҽҰ˸
ֱڶճʱ欲תѣ۾ͱջʹд̼ʶ̧ȥ˿ڡ
һˣʹһ飬ҽһԵѾæǰס֣ŵСӣҶϻͿҩأ
һܵʹмѵ˺һ󣬲üһԵѾߣô¡ҵôˣͭ
ѾҲƾʲô¡
˹һҹһȥ˹ֻѾߺźߵ̴ҲؿƿκԺôûʳͷ
ڿͭԼĺʱЩŵʣһʱһƬհףһſʼŬ䷢ʲô¡
ܼԼһڸ߹ٷʱĻ棬ϯӽβʱͳƬΡ
ˣСӣôأ
欱˫Ŭ䣬һƮƮӻӰ
ֻԼǸɫȴʥϲֻͬ˭أ
˼ǰ󣬹欻޷ȷʲôԿ϶ǣԼ˴
ĵȵӻ󣬹ȻǵһʱСԺ̽ùһôû˹
ڴ̤ԷʱװģӸסʵĿ޺£ÿ
кʱô絶ݲҵ££̾Ϣ
欼û˼׳ŵѯʵʳҹʲôˣ
Բϸ˵Լ˴Ƶľֻǹ˸ĺǳ壡
ȻʱûѪӿһ΢ź޵¡Ҫ欶
ȻҪΪֻٴ򣡡
**
ϵһֱŵ԰ҹ
᲻һؼɫԵȻ
ٳʱŵӻƳһ뾫µĴ裬ϻظ͡
һ국ƶ۵ɫϴδƷ֣ǾŵµʹͣǷƷ
ΪԼһ۸ôЩʻʹ˵㣬бͲ̣ǰȴžŵΪ١ɱһֹס߶
ظ·ϣһֱֱһֱ
˵Ҳ棬ԴϾܾûȣηϺίʵԵ÷
˿ʶֲ̧˲Լĺ󾱣Ȼƺĳ΢ķӦŵǹսϢأӿ
Ŀһ⣬ÿڳĿ
ٶʯæס᣾ŵˣ
ϰڰ֣üͷɫʹֻţ̽Դ߳Щ·ŻظҪԡһϴմȾϢ
ɸһظϾͿתϣӭʵĳԵڣ
ϲϲģҹ欵飬ֻ˵Ǿŵͺɡ
ͺɣⶼˣӵĺɣ
ϳԾע£ֻС˶źɻסۼΪʵԸҴҷԸѾˮԡ
ԡϸԾ̲˹ϵҪ󣬵캮ضģϹʲôҪϴҲõ죬ůԡϴ
ϺΥ׵ԸȴܴػһһθãȻΪ裬ֵþͲɵϴˡ
ϼֲҲ޿κΣֻýһ͸ҹůԡ˺üˮţŮͰ
ԸԳˮ˰ʱһԡͱһԼලǰĹһ·ԼԷ
ϻЩʣһ˯˱øϱƵģҲûֻ˳׵˼
ͷŻĸŮڿ϶Ż¯ҹˡ
ΪϴһЩɵֻܰս̵ĸоٴγˮ㷭
ʱϾͲŮշתæƣĵϵԴЩˮ㼱ﲻˣѾͷ˵ֲ´ٸҴҹˮ
û£˯ɣϴʱͷ꣬뵽ԼķӦʱñס֧֧ҪԸ˯
ϰ£Ϊɻ
Ůô󣬻һôϹڣʱ򣬾͸СƵģⶼʮˣɸͯˣ
ô£޿̵İǿıӣʱһ㶡
ֻ糺죬һ˫۷ˮһ㣬˫ҲƱӣҰڡ
ΪˣѸײڶ֮ơˣ
˺ˣﻹΪʲôëأˣ͸Щأ
ϼ׺ȻɫŵЦעԼʱûɵһ߳ŭ췭ϡ
ҲգЦЦȻ˰ʲôߵģʮĴˣҪûӦﷴҪˣ˼Щʮһ͡
˵ʲôأ϶ʱɽɫŤͷСҲûӦϯرûзֿԣҾմϡմ˵Ǹ
ϲΪȻʲô㻹ûޣûзıǣ϶ԺʵӦȻȻ飬ʲôɺģȼ˾ͺˡ
ңûУѾԴˡ
Ϊʲôʧأ
ǰʹûйľ̬Ҳ֪˻ģ֮϶⣡
ϼֻôƣأ˯ȥˡ
һڻָһƣȥѧá
ԺСܴĪĵ⡣
ת۵˴꿪
ʮ꣬ǹϼƷһꡣ
ǰһĸߵƷ˹˸
˵˵Ǹsľ
ΪsĽԣв𣬹ȴԼ϶¡
ҲƷ֮󣬾Ƕٹýţ̤˹˸ż
үҲʼѡ
ϲǰңԹߴӶɵΪԼľᣬԼҵĳ롣
ٱýΪ·ҪԼʵ˳ķ

55

ǴȨѡᣬҲ񲿾ٰ졣
Ȼ궼ٰ죬߲ܽͬһˣһβĻᣬҵǰ׵ľ󣬽Բٴβ롣
״βʮʮ꣬ûεģҪȵʮʮ꣬ٴһҲλᡣ
Ȼûƣ˶ʮľ󣬶ѾޣٲҲ壬ҲˣȻ롣
ԣǰǰʮһľίʵָ
Ͻʮ壬Ѿ봺굩ʮѰľȣѾԽˣҲܶסǰ˵ڿڡ
ѡһҪԵɡ
ÿ쾩ᣬ̨ʵĲ󣬸ԶбġʵĽߡ±ʧʣԹʮֲġ
ԽĹϵԣĿǰָԤ
ϼǵãľᣬӵҲԹͣ
ⳡṫе룬Գ׶žڱĲߡ
Ͼ˭ҵӵ٣һ˲ѡ˼ӵڣϲΣ
˵õڶͻлʼ̽˳ѰţϳĻʹνʾˡ
ȻûֽţϾͶԼ˲Сİա
ϾĸϣǾˣ׵ȻòҲǸĿģģƫ˭ͬεľУһˡ
Ҫҳ֣ǾͲòἰ次
ɫǧһͬδֳܷߵ͡
ڹڱǰѾμǰľᣬǳ࣬Ǵӵĺ̨欶ĶһݻͷѾûвʸˡ
һɸѡ߿Ѿû࿹Ķ֡
ҲǿѨ磬ԹϵĽӽԷ֣ƿӵһ˲öٹӾŲӵɴۣ뿴λsƷľ󣬾ôò
ǵڶƬУǰʱѾʮһ꣬ʹĥһݣ޷һȺδĸȡ
ʱ˼ŵ֮ŽעãǲΪ벻ͨôɫľ
ƶǰͷʾǵĳ
ӵٴᣬλʾȻУֻ֪ŵûͬС
ʼնǰǳԹڻһǰʶĽֵͿʼֽµ绪ġ
ϻǵãŵµɫǡݡҲͰˣɺ޵Ǻ
ǳᣬλеľȫǩ͸˹ϣС
ǵãͻǩʱŵǹĨЦôĿ
վһľǣһƬŵǿԼΧ޹һ죡
ŵȴƫƫͣǰ̧֣ǩֱֱݵǰ
ϼŵ´עԼȻŤֱǰȥӹ֧ǩ
ȴϣ¶Ȼƿ˻ǩ
˸գ̧ͷɲǣºȻ࣬ЦͲɴˣɴ»顣
ϵʱһƬհףɵ㶵ĿֱһϿҵЦ⣬ǩʩʩȻת뿪ˡ
ֱ׹ŵµ˼ǣԼǩ͸ɫľ󣬻е飬ԲŽǴɴ
ֱգϻʱΣĿֱ
ﻹǩȥǸˣ
Ƕǰβüų⣬ʶϣСҪ
뵽Ըʱյգ־һϴǰܵĺʱ
˼֮У黺ͣȵӵ۽¥󣬾Ǳ½½Σ֮붫
ܹһһʮˣŮԾԶˡ
һ·пǧһȺųŵСǣǾñǰһƬͿ֬Ĩ۵оǣ˳۶ˡ
С˲ǳ
볡󣬹ϯ
ĹŮųһУԶţ𣬾ǿʼչʾ赸
ھǰϰ赸һλоһλŮûľ󣬻ǰõĸߵȾϳ衣
볡󣬾ͱӰ˶󣬽ϵĳˡġ
ԼǲǺɰòʱͿӭߵǰľ󡭡
ǽϣ
϶ʱɴ˫ۣŶһȻɫб϶һǽİţ
𣬽һĵ֡
һͷЦ⣬գ㿪ʼ˷Ĺ趯ȵˡ
չʾ赸򵥣ת֮䣬϶ϵıϢ
ֻһ֮ңʼһ˿϶ӽ
Ŀһֱרעڹ˫ۣеִԲ˵ȴ¶ḡ֮⣬ʼչؾأ̬׼Źչˡ
ֻǣϺʱʱʶӲ˫۵ġ
һϣ϶ףޱ볡
ˣ¶졣
ҲԶ±Ӱ΢΢һм˶µ裬ȻһݹעϱȻҲԴףһ֮
һչʾ󣬾˳һױΡ
϶񲿴˾ǲ輧ˡ
˴ӵۼ٣صؿ쾮ؽձȻʮ־ʡ
ϵļͷ㷱ʺŨױĨͻԼƣװһ׸ˣʵ䷴
ܿͻصϯȴһչʾ
ԾװΪѸ٣ΪȳľҲһоĿԳ̾Ŀ⡣
ǰһڻʾУûоŵµӰȴǡ쾮Ϸ迪ݣĿҲʱǰľȥ
һȺɫɴȹŮ˿¥쾮Ʈ䣬ӯͬŮɢһϷ̨
ױݾ£ǣת˿Уʱֱգɾ
һһŮڿ£ɢһȹӰȻŮУ侹ûаϯһƬޡ
ǺŮŴɰɫߣŮ̬һ£Ϸ̨롣
ţȻһ䣬ףڰŮ˿ͽмǺŮ衣
ϱǰĻ澪ס
ֻŮϵ裬ٶᲢãֱĳȣѪڣ
۷֮ʱǺ輧һ̤Ϸ̨ΧһԾգżڸ¥ʯ֮ϣ˱㷴ڿնֱֱ쾮˵һƬ񲼻ţ
һǺŮ԰Ʈ䣬¶ڸ֮µһҡ
Ů֮ʱͷϡǧ족ĸֱȻ֣ӵкã
һڱͷ׷쳹
Ů̧ƿߣһ˫һǳͫЦ룬סϯϵӵ۹ıȭظʴǧˣ
ŵ£
ϴʱڸһڷڵıվԾĿϷ̨롪
һο´ȹ췢١
Ȼʱ򷽲ŵ轣ѾЩɢң¹Ҳǲȴ˿ڸǾŵ°ֵķ绪
ϯĹͽǶбϷŲδǺ˽Сֱۣ˿ժϳ˾Сһʱƿԡ
һԵԾǴ˷ĺѾĶˣ
ŶһԣԾѾ۽Ƿᣬδȹ췢ٵģ
ãϷ̨ľŵ£һȺŮӵ˳ԭЩѳֲסķֱɢһΡ
»еͷһۣͷá𶯹·͡񣬲õĿһŮŵŮǼæ˿һ
ϣ
ѹ־ڣȺᰮܺӣ趼ܰѷٸɢˣʵڲ
ǡŵһ࣬ϺȻԼͷһƬǣȻʧɫ
һҳӵ𣿣

56

輧˳󣬺ϯľҲװϣС
ԸоΧǵעѾ֮ǰ
ȻȺǱžŵµһν裬޵궯ڣþòƽ
ֱװһȺչʾʱϲŸоڹ͵Ŀ⣬ص˾ϡ
ΪߵȾΧǵĿ⣬һ׾
ֱǾǵĳ裡
СŻϷŪ
ϸеߣֺܹ¶
Ϊ֣Χľǣ˿ûΪԼķͷһʾǹеѿǵġ̸۽£
оڼ䣬Ŀ⻹һֱڻʾͼٴһþŻŮˡ
ʵʧΪߵȾ
ʱϷֶľǣὫĿʱʱԼϣ̶ٴγԵĿʾϯ㲻ŵ֮䣬ơ
ЩƣЩԼʲôѲԼŵ¡ƽɫˣ
һ˿Сɻ󣬹Ŀ⣬Ҳʾǵϯ
̧۵˲䣬һһӻɫĻʾ֮УǸӰ
ŵ¾ȻûװȥϯλͷѾһ˿ڶ¶౥Ķͷ
µķɫͱȴѪͳĳˣ԰͸ּ֮˿һŨҳ쳤ȹӳģһڻʾУֱǳ
ױݣȴµͦɫһ˫ܴͫŶصרעϢ΢΢̵ĴЦЦҲΪԼ˾ŵµ¡
ѹͷһƬ󣬶¶֮ɫ
ţҲȺʱʱԼԵɡ
ΪµĿ⣬һֱڸת
ÿԻʾϯʱŵ¶ʱеĲ㣬һ߰Ĵעһ¥Ϸ̨Ĺϡ
žǡţıֲǿ⡱˼
߰ı飬һĳ쳤ȹԳһֻϸС
ۡϽסһԴЦ
£ܻܲ·ٳ磡
ΪڶԼЦʾãŵϾɫڵͷ֮䣬Ц⡣
һ˫繣·Ʊħͷһž貽
ҲЦ⼤һů䣬ͼŵһעֳ̧£ָָԼλá
ʶԼĲŵĲƣ֪ʱѾ棬ÿհ׵һ˹ľǣ
ϼæɫĽƷ̧ͷŵ׸м
ȴһᣬѾתɻЦ
ŵ½ž͡Բģ̇ʳָԼ̫ѨԴתϻͼݳϷһ˲㶵޴顭
ϣ
ǲöСκϣġ
ƺ򽭳µϷŪһʱûھŵ¸ŰŵĽϣҲڿԼ
ϴ˿˳ŹϵĿ⣬˽µС
¶̬֮ȭڴ£һӵע⡣
ϯľŵ£һϷŪϣ
һ߻Ҳע⵽ŮѣæҲ
ŵŻعʶԡ
߻Ӻ΢΢¶ŮֱΡ
ͷֱֱעŽ£һ˫ĿһЩŭü΢΢ҡҡͷʾŵ²ú֡
ȥЦԱ״
Żͷٿϡ
ջһ˿ΣĪЩζ
̺ܿһڡͻǩ
ǽǩԼеľһŮԾУյǩĿļˡ
һԾҲŮԾۣϲƳСǩĻǩвһЩ
ǩҲ֪ǲãܾöԷĻǩűԼࡣ
ɴŵȻ΢ЦȴѾôġ
ⳡᣬǱƷݻĻͷģǶΣû˲ʸ
нƲʱʾǿʼϳǩˡ
Ϊйߣһ볡ĴӣȻǩ͸ǸϿо
϶ʱһӿʾһ֧ǩʮ˵
ſϵĻǩȴû뵽Ӳϧðӵɵķգ£
Ͼٻоŵ£ʶ̧Ŀ⣬ڻʾѲŷ֣ŵ²У
һתŵδǣûͶǩ͡
תͷʾϯȻԾӵԵĻʾϯλϣǳͫ΢ĿǸоϵǩƣü΢
ϸоŵƺɡ
ôһҪӵСҲ޷Լİȴ᲻ͷ
尾֮УۼϵӰʩʩȻԼֱǺڰһյƻȴҲܳ׻еĽǡ
ӹеĻķ̌ͷлʱȴ΢ɲѸٶ˶˫¡Ŀ͡
㶵ĿŽµת뿪ţӡ߻ӣ½ǩУ
һڰ
գԶʮǩƶλСӵĻǩҪǸԾǩˡ
ٴøмĿ⣬ͶʾϯλԼʤȫ鹦ڽϡ
ʵϣλСȫ̸ûйעκԾҲһֱڹϡ
ԭҪǩϵġ
ȴϯλʱõʽָѡָǡеĻѡλȻԹԵĸ˻ǩ
ϯʱӻһ߻С̸۵ǹϵϢΪƥ䣬ϸ¸ɴӦҡ
û绰˵꣬߻ӱͷʳָ΢΢ǰͷָָ
ګګ̧ͷȥʱһ˫ķĿ
Դ
һ߻ƲƲ죬˵ɵĿɹģ㶼Ż˽ޣʾǹеˣոաǩӣͷȫˣȻŴӶˡ
߻ϯλʱҵľŵ£ĳǣŸǩĸ¶һСһ°ͣѹɤл˰
һͷˮСúúöĵл
һ߻Ӽ㶣ɸֵĴնѵǹǰŵİ
ӣ
˳ɵ治
ȳȫ˶ڣֱȫϾŵ棬һ˫񰡣
ǰͷĽŵлɫȴ΢ɲһ˶٣ǳĬϯλδ͡
Ӻ߻Ӷճ꣬ͶԾŨҵ£εڼ䣬Ǳһֱ۳⼸ɫڵľ
ӼϷ̨ľǣѡȴ̫ʧ䣬ĿעһŵĽ£ﲻĽѡ
ӳʮͷûĸԼ¶Եɫ
ֱаˣȺָ߰ľôһûϢصĺͯˣ
˼˴Ӳ붺Żã̽ͷţ
бۿ
ָǸڶоЦǸСÿˮۣ
νüʾͬ
Ӽ״Цۣʵſ
ǳͫ΢΢תͷɻã
ӴսԴСǰǸߵȾƷͣζԲǹЩŮȵģ
Ծüͷ룬һ̽ͷӣʵ磬ʲôǱǣ

57

ԵóƵֱ֣һ߻ӿֱۣ۾бЦʿɶֹ
ڵĻ˻ԴƵ㳤ˣȻˡ
䵵仰һü㲵Ѿˣ
Ժٺֱ֣һ߻̲סֹ˰磬ְˡ
üЦⲻǰԸ˵۸ôأ
߻գգۣͷ˿Сãƺ£ôδɵСʾ͡
һԾŻŮǿٶʣ߻͵˼סһ䶼Ŷ˶
߻Ӽ״һЦεţǸӣ¶㵽ȻȻ֪ˣҲͲף㵱ʾһ飬Ҳѧ
⻰Ҫ˵ģŻŮšôԼѧ¶
⻰߻˵Ȼǹ̼˵ģ϶ĵҲִˡ
ǵõȵʲôͲѧ׷ʡ
Աֱ֣ЦŴòѧģȻͻˣʮͳˣ߸ȴʮͷУ˵׼ͳɣ
һһصС˵ȸоˣԸ̲סˣʱþȥ㹬Ҫźš
ҪڹϺʵģĺţ˼Ҿɾۻʼҵˣ㣬ⲻóͷ
ͱˡ߻ЦеָϷ̨һѳճնžŻŮľǣЦЩﻹаֿԣд֮ء
ĳһɷԲӶ˵ѵ
ƫǡǡ顱һ飬һֱоŵʮַѽ⡣
ŵҲʡԼұϵʱǺ죬һ۸ı飬ѾŵµǸˡ
˴˺Ծû
˵û׼ܳ£ŵҲû׷ʡ
ܿĻǹʥݣʾҲ߳
ŲһͬϷ̨صױӶױùʱϲЦտӭһЦϲﲩͷҲǸմˣ
ϹЦºͣȻҡҡͷùˣ϶ΣҲǶùǵգһȥͬѾϲǮա
һùæﻰ˹ɫòֺɫڹһԸǲúʩױҪûʣ칦
ϲУҲֻΪ˺ϰЩĺɰϾһףǵۣǿˮǴߵģӶܷ巬ֺССĺɰմϲ
˼ֱӹΪͬĹˣŹϣŷ٣ûꡣ
һûһĴŻߺȻһߡ
һ۵кɤŵлʾˣҲѵ
⻰Ȼ˿벻ʡ
ϲĻͷȥͼԶױ̨ǰŽյġۡǸӮо
оԼĪʮµͣ÷ˮһŵĽֱ֣ͷкĶдһɫ˶Ź׿Ȼ
ջߣû𻰣ҲûС⺢ӽյõͨǩȹ϶ﲻҲȻġ
ϷžˣǩĻʾλо󣬿дȴǹԵģʣλӱҲܽǩоϯϵľŵ²룬ǻٶһʾǩ
ԣӮʵ飬顣
ūſδء
ϱͣȴһԴһεεɤ
ѭȥͼһλɫȹŮЦ̵ԣŵŽǵƷʾĹӼŵ²ǩõĻǩҪһأ
̧ͷǹһۣǽղõԼĪ£ҲʮģǱСЩ
û뵽ﾹ˵΢΢⡣
һԵоƺЩͷ˫֡žһױ̨ϣ뿪Ρ
ӣӣùüæȥлȥĶûأ
ε̾˿ͷ˿Լ̨ԶһŻҪһһţ;ͷʹ
ÿ쾩Ƿεľ󣬶յܶԼ
Խ󣬾ǶԼ׳ɻױȺĵԼĪҪһʱſʽ볡
ǿѲءһСһЦСŮκ̣ˡ
κ̣
ϿᣬӦκĳŮͷʵڲС
ԭ̹ѧĴСŮϣˡ
˺Ѽ䣬ιԼ̸κ̱㿪֮̽ʱ̼ŵһֱעˣе꣬ίʵ۲ѣ
ڿһЦҡͷ̹ˣǳ˭û˼ġ
κ۾һƺûСʳռ˼˿ֲأʱҲŵ¶Ŀ⣬һʱ񣬾ЩԵĽײ
˵溬ߵڿԳЦ
ϴ˿Ѿ˳£ѧлŵ¡
Ҫƽգһ뿪Ҳѣϴʱʱ޷
﷽ŻΧʱ;ǧҲԵЩֻ֪˳Ļͷ
ֱһʱѾ½뿪κŹĵˡ
ȴٵˣŵѵóع˿׼Ҫ·ȥǵɫ￪ء
ﻹʱģСûԵ˵ĺ
ټױʣ̸ױùöѾȥˣκȴĵǸױ̵֬ˮۣͷϡ
ǿдĻͷƳͭУһĨгȹ֪ʱѾ̬Ȼվ
һŵ£
ôоҽױ
ðɡСûСвҲЩơ
һԵκ̻Ȼһ٣ҲˣҪЯһ밲ȴκ̺Ȼӿĵ˵֬ǼƷȥȡһԣ
ȹϿֹκ̱ȻתȥԼױ̨ȴһǺӰײ˸
ϲüѾͷѾˣΪʲô
ŵ¼Ѿͷððʧʧתͷֱ壬ҪãֵĻԵηʧ˻ʾϣֻС㡭Ϲһֱֱײ
κһײίʵͷСֻͨһ죬ŵԾɸֱͦͦվţ˿
κײԸ˼ûվȽţֱֱԵ
һԹϼʱһѣûײױ̨ϡ
κ̽εκ·Ȼ̧֪޹˫ۣǰˣ̹ڵأūҸŵ¿

58

˵ʱϸҲȥ䣬顣
Ҳ͹ľ󣬹˼ˣֶΣûʾԸ̵
Ҫʱһţһûɹλٻϵģ»ذ˳ɻôϹڡ
Իǲܹŵģýһ£ôʵ
һ֣Ҫλʾǰ¶һӡҲȷʵˡ
ǴСҪԾϧݵģЩˣҲ÷
»ټʱžȴЩӡ¶һĵ󣬱׼ûʾˡ
ֻϧǰλɲǡʾ
ŵµļԺأÿɲһӡ󻵲ˣɾֺˣҴСĸζİ˵ðûٿ嶵Ķ
ҪԸͷˡ
ϴ˿ϷزŵС̧ȥƾŵµķӦ
ŵ´˿һµޱĴŵϵκ̣Ҳû
ףŵ飬ڵ֮ģūȥѵ˼
󣬾ŵƳƳԣطܸԸǸԮģá±عסˡ
Ϸ־ŵɫˣвɺЦ
СȥѵһԥƬ̣Ȼί̧ۿϣһոճײ˹£ĸ״ɫ
ϺȻԸͷһɼͽˡСʾѵūšְ
ô죿
ϸϸһ£ÿѧϲصͬʱǱβƵøɡ
Ǹѧġ
ɾӲͷƤѧҲܽоŵʧǣ
ǣɤӣһԵĵͷǳððʧʧӣѵģ߸·ˣⶼײ˾ŵ£ǻζˣ
κӷøˣþŵϧʵū
̧ۿһƣŵɫ⣬ŸոյƣװͰ͵ĵ֪˻ȥ͵úú÷ʡ´οĲ㣡
ѵϵ͵ȥƾŵ£ֽ´˿̾Цüۣ
һ˫гɷǳͫƵĶȻǱǿиɵαݶˡ
ϵˣ
аԽ㣬Сǹ뿴õӣ
϶ʱǺĵͷٴС
ߡŵȫû˼׽Ūϣתȥ
ֱŤǵùŲӸȥֻ۵ϵСıӰ
ڶ˼̤ż֮ʱºȻסŲб򻹹ױ̨ǰκ̣ޱ鿪ڵϻڹӼͷ˹һŵģҲ㣿κŮ
⻰һκͬʱһ飬˶ŵĿŵ¡
ŵɤỺҲһ˿ȴĪ͸ŹΣյľζŵκ̲ǡŮ
صĲ¾Ͳװˡ
ûٶԣޱعͷһ̤š
ͽɫҰ׵κ̹ԭء
ϴ˿Ѿˣ
ȻãŵȻףһȴò˵һģŵֱۣ
һ䵭ȻѶʣ͸Ѱζв
κ̵Լȫأֵұٸˣκ͵ؼˡ
ǧһ仰
ԸűݵǼв˵ġڻ
ǵݶ
һ·β潭£¥߳󣬺벻𣬺ʱڹӼκ̡
ڿʱȷʵҲ죬ѧֻ
ֻоŵֳġǳֲֻܹۡļǵԷͱˣ
ţԼٿŵµǸ⣬֮ǰԼŵʹ͵ж̫ؼҾ͸˵¶С
ԽԽǻϡˡһ¿ˮ̤󣬾Ķ͵ŵɫ
ײϽͶĿ⣬ƺЩղáϸæԴͷ
洫һߣƵĵ֪ˣ
һ㶣ӹתһȦʲô
Сˣ
ոձ׽ŪʱҲ޷˵ġ׳
ʲôɺڵģ
̧ƶŵСüϸ룬û׹
ƽ׵ǳ۰׿
ڣָʲô
΢һüԼŵİ¶񣬿ڵǲĸ̸㶼ҽйţ
Ȼ򣬵һĵǵĵ¡ͷҪױͷӣǾϹأһʱĸеºأ
ߡ²ͷתһԣɫĮ
Ҳ̫Сˣ
̲ס̣ϻⲻǣڲԵıʾֻһΣ¿ͽٲҵˣ
Ĺ˹ǣ˵ֻһΣȥϯϣһֱ˽̸ͷβûǷ
ֻоС¶ǵ壡ò˻ˣ
ҵССԼ͵ƺȣ˻Ҫ˺壡ǲҲ̫ˣ
˵ػµ
ôС´ýȥ𣿣
ίί֧ջǴˣû´ˣӽ󶨻ʱʱѵ¸ļϣ
Сɫͣعͷڳԣһ̵ֻϣǡðŹȱϣһеӵ¡
ǳȹƮȻ䣬¶ϵƤֱֱϥǣгֱ޳ı
һԵĹԱĺգϸϸԸȹӸǺȡ
ŵû˼ϸɴȥһͷžŵԣڵصȹϸմϻҳ
Ƕһ֣Ͼ΢΢һδⲼϾȻ֮ᱡԶȴźصĴ׹Уѹַŵһ裬ǰƮѡ
ʱͣ£ͷ̴ᣣ³
Ϸųſ̽ͷ˿ͷƹݵƣʵ˾ϯ
㶨ˣͷ߸磬
ֵݸ˫ץС˳ŵһͬ˾¥
˵ҲڣԭͦϲģӺ߻ʮİ
һİ󣬵׸ñܻЩģҪʾŵǷҪرܣȴֲ֪οڡ
С·ƿżϲžȵķ֣ԭľ󣬲ֻһ
Բԣλʾλװ羫µľ
˿Ŷͦ죬Ӧöǽһľ
аλһλӸ硣
Сǽͷλԩ·խ
ϲδ¶֮ɫֱʶƵĸŵż䡣
ֻС翴ʱһüַǸŵǰʱȭͷ
ϼ볡ʱ΢Цӭ
ţһ﷽Żֵľ󣬶˫۷ĳӿԱš
ھŵ߻ȽϼѣһȺԼ߰ͷľǵסǰ·߱޷ɨӵϵĲʽȻЩͣȴҲôϡ
Ĳɵ˽ܺ󣬾ŵ±ͷһ䣺ֱϯȥˡ
ϼæŵ´ȺͼһЦ߹קסµĸ첲϶Сֹһ
ϲҴ̽ʾܶԻæʶȤһ
Ҳ֪˵ʲôµעȻӲϳ룬üһۣµĿһȺ
ܳΧźŵ
һȺżĹϣǿвȺؽԣϵɤһͷ𣺡ϣ

59

ýϵԼǶ֮þȻˡ
Żڳ䷢ģ˵Ҫʱʱžŵ£Ҳת˲ǣ
תͷһŵȴѾһȺǰӵźˣһ˫ǳͫĴΧİľǣ۽üҶЦ⡭
ϺһԹϷӿžŵµĲζ
֪ǰ£ȴҲδϵô¶ߡ
ûٶ룬һĹĵԽһлƵĸŽˡ
Ҳս˳ɢѧϷ磬ֻ˵˵ڶȴͷһΡ
󣬽϶ٱ˽ԵþнЩ
ƽڹӼ¥źŵţʱ۹ʱʱɨŵСûɵЩ
̲סȥȺԼŵ¼вҨźš
ԽԽᣬúһӾŮδ빬أȱСڳһūԣ
ԽϯԹͷв˳ԡ
λʾն˻ǩԭӦȾٱƸмģɶ滹ûǩľҪ磬Ե԰Ƶģˡ
ԵңһԽЦӯӯɤͽϵ˼˻µŽպúóһˡ
һ㶣ժһ죬ɻºγԣ
һЦһ˫Ŀ峺޲ĿΪⳡᣬǳ˲ٿͷɣСһȦ
һȻͷص¼ЦˣױùǰңЩȹΣ϶ûúóԹһˡ
ܿˡѹɤֻж֮üС˵ԺٱԼˣЩźÿء
һ죬΢΢ͷʰӣոˣʼССڵƷˣʱʱ˱ֶׯ̬
ŵľŵһʱæòɿҸһΧλһƬЦЦּвˡ
ǸСŵ¸һţһֱؾصİţƺûֺûʾ˼
ȺŰͽŵµľԳ˿ͬǱһǣһλӰԲĿ̾Ǿŵƺ̫ˣȫûעĶ
һΧھŵΧ߻ЩҲסӱһԴȤϸʮλģһλԸ۸֪λأ
߻ԽסЦһԳҡҡͷ̧ͷһźѾߣЦҪһԳҲϹȥ
ҲλӶڿЦͷϾȺ󶼲ŮǻʾҲǿֻƾԼѡҪͽˡ
ʳӵ֮⣬ʸˣ͵ŵˡ
Ҳ֣ΪѡӻŮ漰վӣһʤһ죬һѺСôȥ
λʾƷֲƷٺ»ׯТı̿޷볬Ʒȡ
ʸŵȴһʧڶµɱӣΪƷһݶʵ
ƫλСƷǸֵѪͳƾһžɫСԻһƬǵۣҲѹǰôЩףǰ̡̣
ΪǾС߻ڶ߻ûʲôȤСɫЩįҲ˿ϧʽɻϿڣ
С΢΢ʩ񣬵ζ׵ģߵˡ
߻΢Ц⣬˵ʮΪŵģѵСûǻʾ棬ӦԼȻЩ
л̧Сҵ롭Сͷ򱻾Χľŵ£˶٣Ȼŵλʾţǽˣﻹ͵·ģ
߻ӿС˼صسŻŮţ⾩СۣΪģô˼Ҿƣ´󽫾ĵӣ¹ӡ
Сסһü
߻ӰָˣʵڽЩΣֲÿھ
ȴϣŵ°æ֮бڵԣղ˵𣿡
ӴԣʵܴԲ߻æЦŸ
ʱȴһĿѣΪŵ½վκӡȴû뵽λСʾּǵǽԷ˵ģ
ǡɼͷϲģвɸ̾СˣСǼԺû취ûɶ뷨ġ
Ը߰ԭ飬ֻⳡϯģǳһ˿Ҳա
˿̼ŵģжʱĽȼҲ˲ƽյ֣̽ͷڨСңĿ˾ŵ׿һ裬Ϊ壡ܽİ֮纣˲𣡼СĸףҲ޷ľ磡
һԼʾ˶ߣСڽ֮ңǶһЩ볬ƷȣʵԵû棬Ҳ̧̫Ըĸˡ
ȴΪ⣬ӣ㶮
ھŵӡУǶǸһģԱʮų⡣
СϳǰѽһЩȡ
ھŵǰƶüĿĻصлᣬСдֽһźá
ŵŵһ˫һӶɴˣȻо˱䡭
ĹϴʱҲȲѣϰľȷʵϰ٣ⱾҲʺ϶еľ
ϰ䣬ǺķѾʱ䣬ֻǻȭȣѣֺαľأ
󽫾ľڲͬɡ
ʼ磬ţɨĳɫƺԼæ̧ͷӭĿ⣬ͼǳЦ
һƲ죬Ȼ֪СЦʲôľ󶮽
ʲôñȵģ۾ͱýɪݰ
ĿڿСս֮ʱǳͫ΢һת
ڶŮ֮䣬µĿһ˲ɻƺǲŷԼҰԼ̫ԶɫͶȻ
æԴӰ
ţϸоӭŭҪԼûˡ
Ͽʼʳ֪ζˣͷҲ̧ͶԼʣµİֻ㷢㶡
һԽɻôˣ
ϿЦԲˣʳ
Ÿϼˣ΢΢üתͷ˿һɱȡһԱ꣬Լһڵǰһ
˳ӵҪ̧ȥоһ𣬽ס̧ͷ棬ͼŵԾֱֱעɫ·ϯֱӡ
ˡˡ
Ŀֱæָ¿ӣѵĳԲˣл⡣
գգۣ͹ϴǰ˽ʱʳԣҲԵ̫ˣôܾͳԲأ
ͷֿ˿ʽϲĵȰǵ˿ҲƽհԵģҵζأٳЩա
ŵĿתʽϣһ˫һӻеɻƽգ
ƽѧüʽ㣬ʹɢѧʱżҲûдϹһ¹ӣɻ⡰ƽաɺζ
СϦദϬҲˣ˿̷·ѾܵĬĿ꣬æѵ϶ЩˣԻ١
ˣЦЦĿǡ
㡣
һ䵭ɤȻӶ洫
ϱȻϣ̧ͷͼ潭עԼޱ鿪ڵѾ˵ˣԲ¡

60

նȻһϣϲŵ¶ӣֱ޷ţǰ͸žϢĺӣԼƽճ˵Сá
˽һ㶣һֱӾɤۡ
ö˸Ǣһֱ̤ʵȴûϵһһʱ˵ԲĻ
ӷӦ̵ŽЦ⻤̿ɾͻûˣСǸأĳԲˣ
΢΢ûд𻰡
˿ŭҲĵѵСãֻ˳˶£ЦǱͻЩתͷϼﻹա
΢һףʰӣǿֽЩˮɻһ㣬Ľŵ»еĲá
֮ʱѰˡ
ŵȻ²ţԵľҲһٷԵʲζֱϯ
ʱ뼷Ⱥ󣬻صŵš
ɽһ첲ǰ뻤ŹϣóײǰͷһܵСǣҲֻùԹԱֱ۵ڶ
˾ƹӴţλʾЦ˼䣬ΨŵµɫʼֵģյĻþɲԶˡ
˸󣬾ŵ¾ͳԸȥ
ϸԤԽϸˣȥ׷Ͼŵ£ȴָϱһ̧СΣڵ㱸˽Σȥɣظ
£ҡ
֧֧ģֽĲͷŵ³ܣͼ´ʱʹֱڳǰ
Źϣûͷ˵ȴȻڵϡ
ôˣ㻹£
ûСҡ˵øŵµظ
߹˸ػʹƺһ·ȥ˳ģⱸĽΣʵûͷܡ
룬صȥŵµ𡣡
ϴ˫һ˫ﶼд꣬ýϺܲζ
ȥա̧֡
ϻͷⲽŵ󣬹ؾصһ¡
ŵûͷҲûǻͷϡ
ŵµǶС䣬ȴ˼飬ͬʱڸϻӦ
ŵΪǾܾ˶㣬Լ˿˲٣ŶȹϺء
ӿùЩɬСƽյĶ˹ţίСʵڽ˲ܡ
ôҲǰ취˳˿Ŀڵ·СЩиѾͷϳźţȻؼˣ˳·Ͳһˣõʱ䡣
ŵµԴһ¾ȥˡ
ϾԸļ⣬һתƵۣǱֻ𣬼þŵ³һ
ȥ꽭ΪôĹİ˴֣Ҳֵˡ
ڼǾĺðԸ챻Ըж÷ˣһԴOO@@ĽŲ
ͷһС⣬һ̴ӣŵ࣬һҾɷƵĿڵʰ·ӦСд裬֪ǷʸʱգСҲڻУŵµĴݡ
»ûӡѱ䡱Ĵлع񣬴ʱګګĻͷбһۣɥʱա
ԣŵһӱһɻˣ̧ͷһ۾ŵµıӰཱུϸߣҴʩһȸˡ
˦Ťͷ뿪ˡ
ֱ˽׼ĽӣҲûͷƾŵһۡ
ŽηһġΡϱ㱻ƽȵ̧𣬵ߵ߶ͻظ
ͷƵĻţþŵ¸ղģװ۵ģ
ľһԼֺǺǾӦˣ
һŵδڡĻ衱ݺﲻϾͻĪơ
ϸһ룬˼Сʾ˽ʲô¶ˣͻˣ
̳ܲģ
ȻָԼܵÿǹĻţȴƾηʡѹȥ
ʼŬ䣬ǰĽǶʼɼ檵ģǸ
ŵǰûκνʵ޴ѰЩ¡
˼ʱͷϵɤұȥкܶ໰㣬ɫˣ˵ա
æӣ̧ͷϵĽϣɻ˵ʲô
ûеͷĿǰ˿ڵСýҪˣǰô㣬ȥʾ֮󣬾°λá
ϵɴ۾ãڵ£ò𣿡
һ˲ϷԼĻŵģһӦǵĽ˵ｭ£֡У
ôܴ⣿ò
ŵһ϶ᡰ䲻ĹŲǰɡҪˣ˭⵨ڳƷʾǰۣ
ȻСӻһЩԵҪǰǾǿòȵöˣĹͣ
²ȽϺֳ
ϴСĸݵƢѹƴĥţ־УڸͷһӵĻңȻǴС΢ġ
һŴĥԲĺʯƽȴܿƽϲ
¾ͲԶˣһ̱Сʱڣͱȫĳ˺ţĸǸֱֵӣ¾ŵѣֻоʹƨƨ
ԸǸδĥĴ̶ͷһǻѪ飬ɱ֮
ϲͬ뻤˭˽¹Ĩǵˣһߣ͵ս
ϻع֮󣬾ŵ±ȴӴԼļ檣Ҫ˽ϣҲģȺͽ⣬˽ʹӶ欣ҲܵΪϳͷ
ŵ²һ
¸ΪˣҲˣʱʱ˶ͦñֱ
Ƣǰ˫нŵΪ˴뽭ȥԶᣬȴʮ
Ҳ¹ʱʱڱϷŪջУʵû
ŵעķʽ̫׻ûģ¶ǻġ
ԣûݡ
ºóҪĲֻףнϣھŵߣҲʱʱעŶ˵Ķ
ȻǣһֱúְܾԽͨˡº͵ǣͷŷĿעŹϡ
ϵһ¾ͰˣԻʵǵºιҪҵ
Ѿͷһ˼ûСεҡҡͷЦһˣͲ±ӣһô󸸻ʴͻ飿ѲɽбȥԸõļ檣
һ𣬶ʱƿԡ
»Ǹնյܺӣôգ۾ͳˣ
ãϳüʲô飬Ҳ²͸ôᵽͻɵˣɵ˻ɵˣ׼ͷһθ˵¶û飬ŪԸ⻹ǲԸ⡣
ɵţ˵ǿĻǡֵĲС
عߺüͻȻ˵¶컯յģҪˣ
һ˦Ӹϴڽסؿڣֱͨ¡¡졣
ôôף
޷ƽת
ǾѾݻ֮λǡ潭ɨ˵λϵ⣬ⳡױҲǰˡ
̫ͻȻˡ
ϿڽüľᣬѾõĸ飬ȴĪĴֲ

61

һɲǵĳǧ˼ͰѽĶ¸׵Ժˣڽͷӡ
ãͷŴһƵĵǸ³çˣġ
Żعãٴӡ
ϴ˿̷бŽӴأ׾ѾһƬ
һůôأ
ϴǰǸƺ«֪ʲô̼ôƵϸ̻¶£Ѿî˾ͷﲻס˲˵
õôӦﲻ֪أ
Ϸ飬˿̼²̨ɫ㻺²Ǹ³çˣȷʵԼЩ£ôҸʱ̸
иһæ򷢽ηۻͷ˵Ҫȥ·һСЪš
ԶŵһȺҲˣɶĺͷԡ
˼·أЪʲôţ
ڽڿһЦ
Ƿĺ촽΢һƵĹͣýһȣҲɵЦЦ
Ц£ǲŸմӴƹȥСЪţ춼찵ˣգ
ԹԵתͷŽηߣ˶ٲŴ͵ظҸ׼ţﲻ㣬۾ͻضһж㡣
Ҳ漱ˣûأҡˣ治ǰȡ
һЦϻõǺ⣿Ī϶ղ𸴣ͲһԸˣ
Ҳô˵֧ţɫģȫûзߵ˼СݵţһСˣ͸£ֲⶼ㣬ǿˣȸͨţҲ˼Ȼֱ򸸻ʵˡ
ͷǰôЩ˴ӵţ治˼ˣһӣؽͷ˿˿ġ
һ㶼û䣬Ϥӣǲ֪㼱ģ˭ᵶƵġ
ȵ˲ݣСɼĵضûУȻʾ
Сͷһλ˳ҲƵƯͷŸ溬ߵСˣ֪ͲͨˣæһϹඡ͹٣ͷ룡
һľͷСլӣһ۾͵ͷˣ΢šüġ
ڻضɫˣܻ˹ϵһأضˣ
ɨһ۵ŵļͣһʹ˸ɫ̻⣬æǰһ͵ǮÿŲضȥ𴦳Բ衣
ȵطˣһӣ͵СڵҲȥˣǵö̸¡
СݵĵСֱʵĴĶ˵ӣϸĹʱȶֱмʡ͹Ҫʲô
ҪԸԶٱ㷹ܴպϣϸţϽûյĳ£һ֣ãһͳɡ
СһȥˣҲƫ·ԼСײˣﻹ߶ţߵ߶ߺһһ裬Ѹ˳˲ݣźϵʵʵġ
ﰲϽһϣƫͷϣк
һǰ
ȴûȥһͷǸƵڹԣ˫֣Ĭʱô˵
ⶼʲôˣ
ϱˣܾû⸱Ｑģʹŭ£أ϶ŵ¶£Ųҡ
һ㶣ⲽߵ£һ˫Ŀ𼱻ǵֱӹϣ͵֪ͻȻ˵Щͻһʱ
Ǹ˼ͨ͸Ĺƽմ˼ҲܿװɣҲõ˼ҵͣýȢţǸ㲻һǶףһܽţϲá
һֱͷģǰҲƵıףǵÿأ
һңҲ졣
ʱ۶ûգʹӦˣдӣ˳ȥĸϲ
Ȼͱׯһ˦ˡ
˵ׯĻѾݶӸˡ
Ͼ˽ô⣺ǾϮʲôλƷְӼʲôΣἸƷˣ
ĴǣӾƷǹӼỹûüμӡ
شϣǳ棬ׯٶŲλ㹦򣬶ܵԸʾˣ˵ϰ䣬ҲǶ԰˺ͺӵİȫ롣
ôţϵʱڸţİѶλֻͷԵĴӡ
ϻһ¡һ̧պָӡӡ
һͲͬˣӾԸǸƷ󣬹Ӽѧվտһݻ
ûôǰδ˵Ըܳϡ
ЦЦѾӦˣϻ˵һСأ޵ġ
ôأĿ˵ЩӻָҲ죬ɲ
£ϵһǵͨ죬޵˵ʲôأ
Ȼǰ뽭ϴʮ꣬Լӵ⣬ٻ̸ӵ£񱻽ôֱͨͨһڣ϶ʱߵû㣡
ڷԼǰհʶЩˣڨڨЦЦ豭˿ڲ衣
˶ͨ죬˰ʱƵģϻЩ麹
Ƭ̣ƺ˾ģһ뼸ʱأʵڲУҾ͵ȵӣΣ
ϣ
Ǵòһӳˡ¶ѣ
¶ǻرܲˣɤӣ±𼱣϶ûƾܵ˼ƽմֵģʵ¶ˡ
ҲЦ˵ûӡһؼ棬橽㿴Ϸʱһصĸǵ𣿾ʱ϶;һһǰ¶أ
촹ȥǳִͣ
۾øʲôƵģ촽⶯ſڵˣ
ƭʲôϺǣ˵Եģ¶˵ԿŶ裬òż顣
ҲЦ⣬˿ȣȻԵõɣ⻰Ҳܰģʱɻ飿Ҳϵ̫á
Ҳ֪Լò׵ʱ𣬱ϸϸһĥôȾŵ³ˡ
Ϊʲôɫ΢ȻΪš
ĵŵҲ벻ңóóȻֿҪСʾģ
϶ŹϣòţѧʱûаͼͯţҲˣűѧⰲŸźʮһͷˣ͸ˣĻʲô벻ˣ
üͷ΢ǸøʱоŵԸӦģ̫ܲͻȻ
ʲôù˼ɵģϷҾŻóƷϣôˣ㣬⼸һڰϣȺֻģôϲӣЩԼҪһã
һ죬ߵĵ˽һۣͷ룬ǵٸЩʱգҰ¶ŵˣȱŸʥϵŶ
գգۣﵣĹϰĥ䣬㿪ڵȥ˵ա
𣡡æֹȥŵ´Ǳ𣬰ѹȫԸϾͰˣȥ˵ʲô
ͷҪͷϷţ׼Ϊ¶
Ըȥ˵ͺˣ͵ҵϢա
ͷɫѾһƬѻ࣬ϲֻӦʣͻظ

62

»˸
ᣬԹүľλûʸͻǩֻüͷű
ͷյ֪ժݻ֮λͷС˻ظϲ
˸еǰͰһݻʹϻ˸һ죬˵ʹ͵ĲʵؿŲǰ죬ΪҲһ첻һ죬ʹ͵ĻƷ˿ЩҲӦġ
⻰žǼǹ˵ϲǰĹ欣ˣɨûɨһֱۣӷԸѾ߽ԺС֣Żؾϴľ欽͵ĲϰɣиԸء
϶ͬպҪ˵ģЩҶܶȫױأ治欽ʵݡ
檵ݣϾ㴵ȥҲ޿أǻƷȻòżױ⻰ùݡ
ϱҭֱۣ¾仰ҪͣϽýȢȥ˵Ͻܽž˲ˣ欽һ仰ŵڣ浱˭۸֮λأ
һ⣬ϣŮδңûٻ졣
ϵջصݻƷأ˸ؼſںţҲתͷԺֻһϵ䡣
˸ǰյ˽ǵƣվŵѾҲŵյðͬƻͨ
Զһ̧СοˣСȥǲǸظ߽˾ƼԸͷϣŸƲĹˣɻҪҪǰϸͷһOO@@ĽŲ
ŤͷŵһգһӻʼŵСæ˵߽µ˻ʼҵĵ
ʾϲ˾ĹٷϵһƺӣЩСϰҲǼ֮Ȼġ
үƼԼС˺Ȼǽûմߺѵһ۾ƼԶǶߵ˸ǰ
ϵĿһϮʯɫӻĹүһ㶣Ϊλʾ·СͬعæͷԸظذ
ӽˣүյϥȥϵĻʾ񣬱ֻ˳·ͻС㣬·ϵþãʱˣൣ
ʵɤصڼžĺͬУй˸һȫɵۣʲôˣԹүĳƺҲһ⡣
ˣ
ǲͻع欣ɻûλʾȻԻϵŮظǶ棿
ϻع񣬸첲ⶥ˶һԹүеСʵλʾ
û𻰣ĳ彭һҾأݵ΢СŮл
⻰һ϶Ŀɿڴ
ԼǵãŮǰ˵ԼһλʾԭҪ欽ϾŹô˵
ǽϾϴˣŮȻϴӵͷŮ
һֱ㶿һԾԷ˽ˡ
ȵ̧߳ۼüĿԣĿһƬࡣ
ݣүûع񣬱˲Ž˸ʱʱþŵһ۹ϡ
׹ү˼Թ欱а˸һŴͷŮԸ
˶ŮĴη壬ֲֹҿڵ
Ҳֵö徻үû첽˷
ϽҲݣһԴɻҪʣȴŮһľ⣬ֻѹɻչ˹˯
ͷʵ̫ӣϷ޴ӷûûεһȥѧãӭӾŵµġŭ
ŵʵǸܺźܺӣѵһΣҲȥ걻Ǹʱֱƽʱ¶ҲǺͳɡ
أԸŻ¶ˣ
ŵԴӽѧúͺ̫һ
ϸû̴ڨԴ״һԡ
µɫģŭҲûù϶ӣйʵڲóȻġ
˾ôֱ˳ʱĩ̡
ʱǹǸʱˡ
˵СʾѾ̫ԼԸɽţŵȴʼոʱһɹÿԼһʱε
ڸ㻨ʽϻ˲˼ȲŷҲܽоŵʲǣ
ĿζӼСԼϺͱעžŵÿγʳϲ̶ȣĳһģСʾζǸ⡣
¶ż򵥣ʵȴȥ˹ƽպܴһֵϾʱ⣬ͷȴûŵ
ϽǸ⣬Ǽ¿ζ
һóͱŵ´ɣһֱӵزҴţôţӵùѵ
ŵɫʼյģһѵھ¶˷ŭļбųתŲѸԼĽͷñͷܣУܡ
ĥһС˳ǰѽͷڳأ
ʱͷͱú̧ȥˡ
ϱŵǰðŵ²˲ϵĺ
ŵһ˳ӵĶͷŰҧ´߶µȥסŵĳûվŵµġ
ձУС˵Ĳ£ɻĿۡڡĹϣֽӽȥ뵽᲻Ƥʵò
һӣѿϵ֡
һΪСҪˣӣͼ̧ӣһմ˸ˡĽһͷڵϣŽһͷ͡
ϸæϲĽס
Ⱦŵһ֣Ͳϲˣƹذ
Щҵõϥأնסˣǻˡ
СȴѾȥһˡ
У뿸ŸӣֱС˸ϹŽѣߺ죬ͷԵ˵ע£صŵ¸ǰ
ŵ»ǲڡ
ǱﲻסˣܺĺȻƲģѲǸѧģ
ô˵ģţ
һԣӶ쾾ˣһڴ졭
Σһ֧ϥϣһڲ輸ߵߵ޿̵Ĳͷϣĳ£
ͻعͷԲ۾ŵ£ճ˳顣
عæͳĸ㣬ֻŽŵĲãؾصĳʾŵǰʧְˣЩģ
ûбۣӹ㣬Ųˮš
ˣ֪ҪԵģ˵Ҳû̫˫ݵĸ㣬žܺˣ
ԴС̣ŵºȻڵ˵һ𣬾Щˡ
һ˫һбϣԹĽŵǹºιʵڻܳ¶ǲ̫ľ
ȻûӦᵽС񣬹̺֪֮뵽Լ
ʲôˣ˭˵ˣ
ĸ̫ˣһƪҪʮǶ˺
£ܱ˸Ը
ϵСԼͱˣأһȴȻϵɤ
ҪǲⰢϣ͸ѡΣ
ͬʱѭƫͷȥͼЦº߹
ͷһ˵Ը£һôȻôס
ȻУˣ
㣿վˣ
ԣһִαϣЦûн˳˵˵£ոˣ֪һ
ԭûɫעŽϣü°ͣһһٵʽϣ顢
ϼСԣæǰ簲ǰҪˣǸ˿࣬㲻Ҳ޶𣿸ɡ
ûе¶¶Ȼ򿪽ϴԼϵ֣ü⧲ıŭ
ŵ৵վæ֮䣬泯ŵºϢŭϻ
½ع˫ۣһ˫ɫŻ棬ĺϡ
ͷŭСʨӣסϣѹɤʣ㲻µİˣ
ŵķŭɫùʱĿھʹۿһ¾ͺˣ˫֪λش
ֻýӿڵǣ顭
´ϽϵĻû̧ͷɤ󣬾ζȴѾУ
һθܵǹΣյϢӿĹԼ壡
޿֮

63

ѵԭûţͷһɱ֮һɢ¶ľǱ쳤߳
һ֮˲ӡ
λػشĽͷܵСƷʾǲ
УϺһڣʱ˾ˣ㵽Χ⣬ԶԶ֡
У϶ʣλʾ֮ŸͦƯСΧȺ϶д˺档
ϵ忪ʼƲסĴŵģѹֲסļ޲̰Լݽˮ
ǰ˫ŭǳͫǴûŵ·ô
һŵǵЦⶼûˣ΢΢ң˿̷罣ƵŽϲֹס
¡
ϳȵɤ
Ϸסϵļ̧ͷ򽭳ʱĿѹֵŭѾزסžͿڵͳԽԽϹˣ
ϽϲһԣǰһϵĴͷעСãɫϾƽձ˳ˣô˵أѵ㣬һӵ˲Ÿ棬Ȼַˣ
ŵûȵشĿŹתһԣ䲻߶һŭ⣺ңԴбۣĶŽϣ۽üҶȾŭ
ʲôأ㣬ָ̧ϣǶŽϣǹµİӣ뻻鲻ҹ£ӹأû
ϷĿĿһϣСøôײԼһʱŭӿȭͷǳǷˣ
ۿҪֽѵСãϵһͷһƾŵ£ܺϺ޾ɫһͦӣ̧ͷϴգǸӲͷ
һ͵ھŵ¸ǰŽϾŵ»СƢ壡ǳ㣬㲻ģ¶Щ
¹ͷˣŰ˳ûˣɫɷףóôûһָͷ
ƽݹݣҪûأֻҪһŵ»ǻֵ̰ģ̬ʵ˵ȥ
۳ŽƴҲ˲ڣ־Ƶסϵļ򣬶ź£
󽭳±һӵĻͷһξöʽ㲻ŽҪ汻ᣬ͸浽ʸǰ˼
ð˭ûأ
ôһ룬ŵµ̬ȾԽ°Ϳϣ۵ơ
ͷһξԼ㵱òְ⺢ۿųôһֱûͱ¦ӣȻҸͦӣˣҪν
֧ס֡
ͷĽ²飬ãһϴգﻹţµūŶǸʹ͵ģ˵Ͳ
ͷȻһǰһ۵ġ²ʱ쳹Ժ
һᣬ꣬ûµۡ
̵ʱ򣬾Ǿŵµִؼ֣Żܱ񣬼ʹ欼аĸŮ
뽭طˣ㲻ֲźˣ
飬顣
ŵ¶ж²Ϊ潭㣬ҲûŽϳѹƸӺȻ
ŵŸͷÿ죬ɱϾʮһͷΧź˵˶ܶȹ״ֶûºĳˡ
䲻˼һŵܵˣǶ̻ѭ򽥽أ
мƽϣǰ˵˲ܹժëϸеѪԣˮ֮˵ӿȪ౨Ҳܷ͸˲һ
ˣתͷǰ󽣰ŵˣһŵ£ͻİֻҪһ˳֣;źһ죡Ϊ㣡
⻰һüľĿŹϣСʣϣ˵ʲô
󣬾ŵſ˼ǹ΢ˣƺԹϵı̬⣬תز輸ԡ
һ۽ǣȣ̧ЦŶ㣬һд˺ĵɪڶԽ棬ɣ벻£
һɻüŹϣʣϣ¶㲻ܹһӣϲϣң
ϴǰСصôļ϶źһôţʱҪǾŵ»Ϸˣҵֱͣ飬վÿѧʱѣйԭҲʲô
ϻۣһϵһԣ̹׵ô벻ף˵ˣһھҪˣһ˼
ϵɴ۾ϣһ⣬һȻСҪˣ
˺һһЦҡͷҲ̫ˣҸӲأŵ»ɸӻȥɣ
˼жҲûӳӱû͵ģֻÿʾϿڲţ
ܷģưǰ֣ȵǻûƤ̥Ƶģﻹ˵ޣ
ôƷľԱţǱҪ۰ţͱĶ˹ϵ
ϿЦãб۾ؿϣ浱۾ŵôûأ˼ҡ
˵һ룬æסڡ
Ҫôͣ˵ԴɻȥľȫģҸ쾩ǰף

ʵǰ⴫Ҳţܾþŵ˽¸üȥˡ
ŵβİһ¾ķڷˡ
Ҫʾãû
ֲ֪ôϽͣ˺һſڵҪôţŵһ˶ֱ׼һʱϱ˸Ǽǡ
Ʒȫĳϲ£˭ҲҴסʱͿŵ»ô̬ȣҪһ仯Ҿߣ
̾˿޷İȰϵ̬˭ܿƱôãҲʲôΪҿͷ𣿡
ϳ彭ӣūӣʵ˵Ｑľɱ׿ˣ
ϱ⻰һҭҲ˿Σ˼Ƭ̣Ȼ˵ʵھϾͷ֣ŶͦģڹôãҲûŪĸСūţԸʵƽն˺ĮЩҲŵȲ̳ݽȥ޷
һЦԳ̫ˣҲ̫ۣëͷ޶ţ˵ȥҲ½ЦöŮأ
ϱһ˵ˣǵ˵ϵıͷŭ㵹ͦԿ䣡ǣԸãˣʲô¶ϲܽȣһ¶㣬ҵģ˭Ҳ
Цһ
ϹѾģλ˼¶¶
ǵԼǰÿÿⷬɽӵ룬һؿ䣬ԼҲ˽Ͼ·İס
ȰϷŸ߲ʵΣⲻˮôȰ
ôˣϲɫ̿֡
æջ˼ûУȲ̸ģ£¶ȸ°ա
Ͽ˿òŵҲǿ㣬˰ſ֮ʱһʱ㣬ҪзӦɾͱҲˡ
ĵΪС¶ŵµ֣
һ㶣գգۣɻܺܵ¶ϹˣŴСһֲַģһҽ̵ģһȭҲҽ̵ģֲ⡣żҲеģ˺ţתͷûˣҸжء
ϸˣüȰŴǰΪŵ½ˣԺʲô¶Ļǵܶ϶С
Ƶһۣεĵͷ֪ܵˡ
ĳСóɵˣƣ˻ûĽ̲סһ¿ڿʣ
һùһ£ͷҪȥŵ裬ԶͳһУСˣСʾһȹһϵŵԣִҪ衣
ŵһ۵ֵɵ֡
С˼ƺߺԼź򣬼æʶȤĸ²ǰõİ뱭ˮˣձӹؾŵ¸ǰ
̧ͷƼϲ̬ȸϹæڵЦЦ˸롱ƣԹˡ

64

ʱϾŵ˫ͼСü棬ȻǶŵı̬⡣
ѹֱôãûڡ
潭Ҳžŵ˼ڲ裬Ϳڵ֣û¹򡣡
УѾû˷ŵĻƽտŵ徭ʱ̬£˿
ŵҲٽϾ±վת̧֣УСƾץץʾñ
Сæƽźλʾ䣬˫ˣÿظ˶׼ģǸɾľ
ϼһߵУ룬˵˾䡰Ȱڼơ¾͹Թ׹
ŵƽո˶ɲôЩأѸ磬Ķע⵽Щ
ÿζ϶ʽͲһˣСʱҲǣŵÿϰ䣬ָӰŪʱԵþ͸СżƵģù϶̲סֱ֡
λʾƵ˱׼ƣֿʼƵĵѹȽǶ⡣
ŰĵԼ˱ˮ
˵ûŵȷʵ
ϸ֮䣬ʹĸŮǰʱִ
ϻǵԸʮǻǳΪ¸ӣºĸŮ黹վɣ
ֻ֪öˣǰΪλߵһ
һڣҪʱýϵһһ
콻ʱǰλʾš
Ҳ޴ӶයҴţŰȥˡ
Ҫһý飬ûʱͷиİСˣŵµͯ˵¹ѾڽΧŵ´ݡ
ͯɢú󣬾ͽͨ
ϲоŵȥ䡣
һ˼⣬ھŵ¶˾䣺ûȥ˰ֶأոͷһأ԰գµñӹǣأ
ûס
ŵ¶Իὣľˣſ轣һ澰أŹϾΧܡ
Χþŵ¼ݵϲ
ͷ洺ģŵק˵֣ϾͲˡ
ϸһƣȻǶͷͷζ͸
ϸžŵΧԶܸܵӭĿжӡ
ȻϲôţҪ̧ͷɻȥѿˡ
ǹϳӣǰ˲ŵϲڵĺˮǵ£һԿҪСŵ㡭
ǰһδеĽСǲŵµġ
ȴϽŷһ񣬰˼Сඣ
£
⣺
žŵ¾µСٽ䣬͸оһȻö
£ɻ󣬾ŵ´ûǰ̬
ߣСôܰ²ҪΪ·Ϳˡ
һ죬ͷ˵һȥˡ
ܲԵ۳ƷСʾе֧˼ȷʵݶͷںá
ŵҲû˵϶ء
һ˫ڵӾԽӹһ籸õĳĵݵŵǰܵСԼҴԧ콣һΪԧ涼δУš
ˣϳסϵЩʵòŶͣ۵Ǹеģһ껹ȥֶأɲطĽˡ
б۵һۡ
ŵ³ϻ̳ϿֽӹЩ飬û˵ʲôԧ콣
ɱȻѾţƤŵҲֻһڣӲͷƤװˡ
˵ãŪ˵ӣŵ¾šδšԧ콣ϳˣûס
ԸΪУȽǿҪѽڰ˱ˡ
ô̬͵˫һ֣ŵûأۼͰ¹Ӹ̵ˣ
ͷѾɵˣûŪô¶ǰ¹ӸոŵĽͳȥСͷۼ䣬Ѿ۽Ҫ֮
δüգۣȴҲû˵ĶֻоٶȸŵһԱȣǾ͸ȫȻֹһ㣡
ŵԭվ֮ͳ֮ʱŵѾǰ磬͵һһתгһ
ǺһӵĴ죬Ľֱ֣Χͷɡ
һжǵʯ䷢ĶϻûüգۣͼŻѪ׼Ҫûüߺߣ͵˹ȥ
ϣ
ûôݣԭǰУ׷ͷֻڡϰ
ŵԸҲɵˡ
ʾִ˾⴫ȥɾûˣ
ԶԶžŵһСŵֱæǰ£
ŵ޴תͷίСֱƲ˽Ⱦϻ㡣
æžŵº󱳺²£˭ոϹɪأҪţƤ
Ϊֺˣǿ۵ĹԺ󻹸۴ţƤţƤ
¹ӱ̧ͯȥΣﵹЩⲻȥ
ѧҽŵ¸ոնŵĲλĶǲѨλ˵ò塣
ýˣþŵиףҲڳôݣ
ǲܵģ϶Ծŵ˽ģ̳ĺûʵۣԲԸ¶ʱͺմǲݣȥһծȴ˵ġ
ֵþŵҲĻ֣̿ﶼζ
һ˼ֿѾͬˣɴСʾ˹Ӽ࣬ȥתת
ŵ³ôû̹Σܳԣһ˵̿Σѹˡ
ͷųΧô붼ûʹߡ
£ҪȥĶϳסŵڡ
»ͷҪȥ
ϻͷֵģͷأ
һֹסϵĲӡ
ϻعͷͼСǣǶţ߶Χǽȥʱĩǰܹһʱء
ϣ
ǰֽУôŲպýΪŵ¹ԹһýΣ
ַˣúĵʱ
СʹĺӰ
ϻɻǵԴҪ֡ˡһЩġ
ҲҴСʾԶ˾ڹӼڵͬ䡣
ûǺ«ģŵһ;ܳԣҪǰȴ
ͷԻ˶ӡ
ϲҵգžŵȥ֬ӹ䣬һϺ֬ŵͿ
ϵӸˣСһҪԵġ
ӣ˾ӼŶ԰ͻȥˡ
ͷʲôУڴ˿̵ɡ
ŵ¹԰ӻͦ˷ܣŹϽ
ε䣬ϺһƬĲٻУûɵֻɫ͸ŵ̵Ĳٻʱǰһ
ֻô̵ģǣһȵĿȥ۲죬ǲٻĻͣȴδɫ
²ͷͼϴһɫĻǰϲ
㡣
Ϻߴŵ¿ϵɤʱһЦ̧ͷбСһۣ˵ֲ԰Ǵҵģ˭Ҫأ
ŵ˿ûм⣬־ҪȥժǶɫ͸ϣȴһԶȻһɤҶ
˲ѭȥͼ԰ӵŸ߹һ˫ĵۣװͰ͵ĳŶ˵⻨ɲɵģһʮǮ
ŵɻƹϣôһ˹ԼҪǮ
ϸո֬ǮˣֻܸӸɵۡ
Ȼֻ֪˳Ҫ̼ͭӶʮĵҲʨӴ󿪿ڣеǮ϶˾
ûǮˡ
ϲɨСʾ£ֻǰ۵ԺǹӼ฽ģܸиͷɣ
һͼˣǰﲻռǵԱ߻ŸƵĺͯҶûУҲּۻۣ
ſھûǮ͹԰ӣСӣأ

65

һͷȥŵûš
ӿùˣСʾǻʾһġǳ㶼ǣ
Զ˵ӿɾǾʥݣɱͷĴ
Ϊʮͭ϶ֵ
ϵǣŵϲû¶ŭɫ
һĥС˵ЩԵϻǸصġ
էģ˵ɻøǮŵ°˳ǾԸˣŲҷ
ϱһǻӡŭ񿴼ŵûԣԼʱҲˡ
ͷѵлú˵ǹӼԷͷﲻܿ𡣡
ЦӴ⻹װأҲȥӼʱɢѧЦװˣô׼ʱͼͯŰ
ͷƣŵѾԳһ˿͵ɫæ˵ôϸο͵Ĵɣŵɾֻһð˻ʾͷġ
죬ĻһĵбŹϵӴιˡ׾ⲱϵȦŲİҲҳأ
û˵ˣͷֻʶӲɣȦɱȽöˣ
ϱˡ
Щ޴룬ٻͷһۣŵѾתԣԸȥˣ
ϣ
ƽʱ׽Ū˵ǹӻ龢أ
¶Ͷ˼Ҿһ˵ֿеʾĵ
ϸ̣û취˼ӣϸɨһϰ
תͷϿۣͼӵĿƺƵŵϣ¶׶ɫҳ˭ȥģ
ϳԾĻعͷͼСʱѾȫû˻֮С
ȹϿڣӾͼæҪǰȴŵºȻЦߣҲ̵ġ
ӣ
ϴʧɫǰȥקое£ɫ߲ץ
²ͷϦµĲëͶһŨܵӰ
󣬹üҡ
ϱһЦסˣһСѣݴȥˣ
ţ߾ʹݴС˻һǾŵµ˿
£
һȻ߬סܲ˾Ҫ̧ȳȴվ
ŵȻ߳ƵǰչʾڲλСѪ㣬ڵ±ҧˡ
Ӷʱһ飬ŵú˼Ƭ԰ģкڴ˴ѣѲϵ
㡭СӡԸ
ӽͰ͵Ŀѣ½΢һʹͷĲݴͻȻһķӿ
һΪҪܳʱ溧Ȼеߣߣ߽бӵûӰˡ
ŵ³תŶһ׺䶥С
ϴʱھ٣ؿھ۵ôֻȸǦƵģȻھŵϺˡ
СˣѳƷСʾ͵˰ҧһڣųն
ŵ¼ŵңЦһǰһһ֣һ˿һĨѪ㡭Ȼοˣ
۾ϵκ죬СɤϷʵ֬ɫ
ǡ֬ˣ
ϣ
ϾԼһӣŲ׺ɣĻعۿ̾ͺˣ߶̧סСʾ֣Ĵָʹ˴ֱοĺ㡣
ûȫɾϲģͷָմĭ
£
Ⱦŵ¹ۡ塱Ͼ֣Ʋ죬µȥ۵һ޳֧֧Թ¡ôôأ
ǰڵӰƺƿˣ̧ͷŵתǰ¶һСһɫĲٻݵǰ
ţ㡣
һů紵Ʈһ°ͦıǼ⡣
̧ſ޺˫ֱۣ㶶ǰЦ绨ľɫգ죬Ƶһѽӹѻ궼Ťˣ
˵ٻͬġ
ŲҪСͬأ
**
ʮ꣬
ʮˣǱŵ۳˴
ŵ¶ϸɾϵ飬ɳٳٵȲСÿɣûӡ֤Ըĵǡ
Զţûдߴٹ뿪£Ҳͽ꿪ˣ¶ȸ¡
ɵѾͷײǽͷ
ĵů
ӵλʾ飬Ӧ츮ʹܳ¸ᵳӪ˽һĴ÷ԡ
Ϊǣھسӵ۵ֳҲ˳ϲЩϵǣһȫʵԾ
ֻɱܳһˣ޷ЧȣһʹΣЩ̰û˹˼ɡ
ӵѾԳѲյӡŮУ̶ֻεֶΡ
ⰸ漰سףΪȶ֣ȫҲƫ̻һ޷ѵﳼȻᷴҧһڣǰһһ
ֽסԭ̰֮٣øƫ̻޵
ʳüչӴʥ⣬ȿڵʣΪǣڶ࣬أȻڸλҲǣɱϾֻһʵҲûΪܳй㣬Ӧᴦٺԡ
ѸߣӦϣعԱТЩҲ޿ɺǣܻߵ
ӵһ³üͷɲչ
аԸųΪ
Լô㣬ⰸǣ㣬һ֣ƫģͺȻ󲨣ݵⷬԲ˵ı⣿
ӵ۽Ŀϣʾ˵˵ԼĿ
ػΪף˰̸ڣǣһȫ永Աڶ࣬Ҳ˿ࡣ
νѶ˵ȴ󰸣ܱҴν˳
ӵ۶յĴɸǣᲦ˲ˮ˵ѵҪλϣԼһ永󳼣޵Ļ֡
ӵɤ΢ɫԲϣڵཻ̫̫ã˼Ҵǰס˫֣չ˺һ游սһ˲ѸߣﻹѺʡ
ʴȡϳϿҵҪһˣ˴ţǻͲֹ̫ˡ
ӵ΢΢˿üƸˡ
Ȼﲻã֪ϵĻû²˺Ĵٴ˳Ĭ
ã̧ͷӵ۵Ŀɨλʾ
ӵԴȻ֮¡
߻רעĿԼĿγȴһ˿Ǹԡ
оŻŮƫͷŵⷢ
ӵۿ
ŻŮɿŵⷢ
ӵҡͷ̾˿°
ŻŮæͷӦʣ
ӵϾͷҲ鳤ø죬ȴǺԣڽЦãе귴ɢЩһЦʵҲ˵˵ⰸδ׵
ȥĸʣɫһ˿ɻ
ӵ۴δСĻʾ£˷ʣǵ٩ڽ¶ԣȷ״á
Ŀתɨλֳ㣬˽ĿڴĻؿϣͬԼ顣
ӵۿһĿ⣬ԼĿҪ޳һŪ
³޺ͷǣΪʴ˴γѲӦϾ永ԱӦ츮¼ɡ
䣬ĲݰӺͷӶЦ
ӵҲסЦˣΨʧĿԼһ̵ֽСãЩӲ
㰡ӵֳµ˵㣺ôˣ֪
΢΢ת湪Ǽ٣档ʣΪ˰ʺϴ󶯸ɸ꣬Ҳӽҹɴò
Ӧ˴γѲڵ永Աʹ
Ƿϻ̳Ͽ֣һ֣󲻹ơ
δ¶ʱ˿־塣
ǲ֪γУȻΣ̰īǵȻңȴƣΪȴľʾá
˺˸ðͷΥֱƳš
⣬ֻǽȻȴơⷬΪǽ¹Ա
򣬼ʹﳼȫ廻Ҳδݣܴ˹ְļϣĸĸ
䣬Ȼ
**
ٹһµС԰
ŮƼŵڲԶڼֻ׿ǳ棬СķŽѧȥѧá
ŮǲСۿˡ
ǴĵĳƷʾôϲôϡأ
㶮ʲô츳ȷܹ͸ģ¼Ȼ׽˳ӣбȻ
Ӽ࣬Ļ
ϼŵ¼ݵº󣬾˳ֽӹŵµѧңȥһҪ顣
һľ쳹Ļ󡪡
ƴ˦ճϵļ׿ǳ棬ĵ򽭳£ŭ£ôأ
һƬ
ŵȻ𴽽ǣ١

66

ʱ̣ɢѧظ
Ĵѩ˸שȾһƬѩףԺ͸һһ
ʱʯשϱֻѩ
ʷƤ멣˿¯ƹʱػ½Ųתͷİѩ
Ժٵ㣬֦϶˰ѩµķӹѩ䡣
ʯϳٳûŲæǰݰգŵմѩˮˣӿˣϽȥū澸ˮůůš
ϻعͷ˳ӵļߣʮˣ
ʯͷӦǣȻݣɻˡ
۽üҶȾǡ
ʮ£һǰ޼ôٹ£׾ҪȾˡ
ϸ¾ȥϷׯΪ˽ƲϵǰѾֵµ˴ͨһʱ䡣
ʵϣһǰвͬδҲûΪԵŮʱǰԣδػɱ֡
ϲܼϣڼ裬뱣֤׾Եİȫ
Ѿʼ˵ϰȥϸլסš
㲻ڣլҲͬл֣ٴĵӣҲҽ쵽Ժ
ǸƢŮʮͷû޳ţ˹˸֮λŮʱĵ
үа֮ƣѾƷ˾Ĺλһƺƴ͵ȹϼ޸˼ҡ
ɹƫƫôɺš
ȥ껹ִ黨ת걻缸أ̤ʵһЩ
ǵĸΪԼʱ䣬ϯϼֱϿҵıֻ̬Ҫ׿ϣԼףýȢӭ
Ͱѹȫ˹ϵļϣϺ޲ŹϵԴͷӦʡ
ϺΣԸͷҲûţСûз˵˼
ǽԸѾͷӦˣƫԸԼغţҲҪȹϴȥְ֮ӵ顣
Ҳ񲻸үڻǵȵΣյĵڡ
ϴţƫŽݣſůĿڵ¯ȴ޷ĸů
ʯԸСѾһˮͰ
ȹϴţϾһ߽ݡ
ĸŮһۣޱ飬Ϊϳٳٲϼ˵£ﶼЩʹ졣
ỽһ
ûӦߵױ̨ǰӣϿһۡ
ϱվ׸ǰСľϣѾ߸Լ˷١
ϻˣվָ˳˳Ůһͷ˳˿̧Сĸͷ
ĸŮĬţֻ˺˺ķ˿Ħȴѹ
ȻóɫãֻǽһĸŮΪɻ˲ʮأ˫ЩˣһھִԲŶôѹš
ɹ޿ɱˣ޲װȥúãһҲҪնĹ˸ﵢ顣
Ĭ̧ۿף죬о̻¶Լܡ
һεˣ֪δһС
˻ĵĻôǺ뿪˸Ļӡ
Ĳ㣬볢ԣþǿͬ븮
΢һ˼·ƽĿϣڵɻǵã϶һνӴʱվҲ̾ƾˣ
û뵽ŮȻ£ϻһ£Ͼɫ΢滺Ц㰡Сͻúܣȥ˼Ӽ࣬üվͶϳˣأﵱʱ㽾
ϻعͷסϵ֣ȡӶױ̨ӵһãȥȥӼ޹أʱӼĹûڽ̻ɣָûѾĵѶȵӣʹûΪɻ
һãګګʣǴĶѧģ
ͻСʱɻúݣͷʶ֣Ѳ͵Ըѧģ
ǵʱʲôƶһѧͻᣬɴأġ
˵꣬ϵЦⶸȻᣬֳͷϵĹϣüǲ֪ԽԽɵʮͷ϶ףѵòٵȫˣ
˵꣬ЦȱµĻͷƣ˵˵ǰ顣
֪ʶ֣ʶ֣ԼҪӼִǰԼժͷǰҲ֤
欽ǰ¾͸׼ȷʱ䣬ÿٵʱ䣬϶̸Щ¶Щ¶
Щ¶ʮ½ģȻ˵úܺÿγȴӮϻ죬˷ܡ
Ƿʱ䲻Уϵľͱɢˣ񱻹һУϵɫѩ˪ˡ
㡭ã˫ۣŹϵУ˿η壬ɤôµô׼
վǣߵ£˳󱳰ţҽ̹Щ¡
˫۶ŹŮһգգ˵ô¶һ˵ﶼů}Ļţ
ɰעϵ˫ۣɤ˵Լ֪δᷢ¶Ųң
۾ɴ󣬳Ĭ˰ӣŻš˵ʲôﶼţ
⡭Ǻ¶үı£Ƶ𣡵ǧ˽ⲻҪǻ
ԭЩԼΪػһԭ벻׾ȻΪԤ֪͡
ŹϷˣͲ̹ԼĸŮǰҵĽ֣ôΪҲʡȴ̯Ǹδ
ȻˣϾʹϵ϶֪ⲻǲ֪
Ȿܴȥ񴢾֮δˣҪⱾ£ѱˣվ
һʱ⣬۾µµתʲôæʵ㣡δӣǴӻǶŮΪ¶ģ
Ҳ֪ǴɵģŮȢ㣬ֶֻͬѽδǶ£ﻹʲôõĵģ
ϣ
ϣôˣǲִ¶٣
룬ҪǸ¶¾ǻϾһͷײҲܴӦŻˡ
ܱסϵλҲðգ룬ʲôٵģﵱǵʿأ
Ϳɲģ·֪ʲô֪ʲôġֻһЩδᷢ£һʱʱ￴ֻԤԼϢϢص˺¶ʶ˾ȫ㲻
ԵһЩʧǲԿصģ
ϵͷ
Դ߶ûô
ϿЦôûãҽ֮Ը̹ףΪҪӴôˣܾĸŮ
ϵɴۣʲô
ϱ˽µĹȫ˵ףѾԤ⵽˶֣ȾߵĲҿ
ɫɷףȭͷƬ̣ȻŭھҪţ
ϸû֣ʲô֤
Ƭ̣Ѳɵ֣ͨЩˣۻʮӣЩ˻ͷԼ֣ʳͳˣ
ϰοȱŭ϶мƽϣҳҪ
ҪHֶα񲻸ĸŮ죿
ǳիˣӦûҪΪ֣һŲⲻûҪΪ˳Ҳܰ
ŮзӹĸŮʹ·ֻҪЩʱ䡣
ɻ㲻˵֮ڶ֡
ϵͷ԰ȥ˽լһܡ
ŮҪ޸ģ°ĸȥ԰ǲҲʲô˵¶ûҪɻ䡣
˼Ƭ̣ʵҲһȥ
ҡҡͷʥϹվҪ½ϳѲŵҲյˣ϶Ҫźš
˻ʹ˰ְ֮ȥˣɱˣӦŮɻҪ׶˹ϵ

67

˳˹ϵİá
ǰϻϱѵլһլʹѾСˣҲɳźģڵ˿Ϸ죬ȷݡ
Ӧ츮ǰʦ಻ԶŽˮ͵Ϣ
Ӧ츮йų䲻ǵĻʹΰȴһµš
ϳôδǣܺЩʫӽеĽϣǸ˵ķ⡣
ܶ฻ֵļլݵĹݣЩɽʯˮܺߣͶ볣ͥԺ죬ȷʵþþӾǵֶĿһµĸо
ֻϧƫǶճѲҪ˽ۿۡ
ѲĶƺƵʾ̴ӣźģøڼҾ쳵֮Уȴŵ°Լ
ʾҪʵĶ̼࣬¯ӣҲ̫ܶյϺӰ졣
ܿŵŮҲ;ƣ
ڹźƽ˽ĵҲˣСʾһԣϴ˾ŵµĶ徻
Թ׳ȥĻһȥ޻ûظһֱھŵԺ
ϼнͷԾŵʹʹɫ
ĿתһŮϣĬڵȳ˹ͱܾš
ЩһôȰ˷ɣʩƵģ
˭Ҳţ
ͷһȻСϵɫӹˣǡ
һ仰˵ˡ
ΣҲ˲ڣ͵Ů棬ŵ̸£˵ʥϴ˴УĵĲѧ¶һ´ʣİоأ
ͬҪƨʼ
΢ϸⷬ˶٣һǣǳͫЦһͷֵ̧Ŵ¿ʾȻЦĳزס
ȭһôű߼ʵĿСȻͻôӦ
£ϲʵǿأ
ţˡ²ӭĿ⣬ǻźÿĻȣƫƫһ˫һӣһ֡һӻˮĴ
ôЦأб۶С
üңҪλӦǫǻʵ
ֻŵ½յ磬ЦȻ˵Щʵڵģ
ֱĿŹϵǺã㣬¾ôһžţĪƵôô
һ㶣漴һЦһҲڿڿЦ
ɿЩ³ǣЦһСسԣƣûվһʱҪӪˡ
һɴ̹ǵĺⴵϼ£ѽ׺ůͣ
ճ˳飬кȻѾͷƽʱ˵Ҳ⽾ݵ̬ȣ
ôأӶûһΣҲ̫Ѱˡ
ľսžŵ¶Ϊٻᱻŵһ۵ɻȥû뵽
ŵ¾Ȼ˳ӵĸǺóϲϲŭֻԹһ䣺ӹǡ
类ˣǺãǩӵ˵С¯ڻ
̿ŵ¾ʹһ׼װƵðնЩ졣
ͷϱк޵ӹøƵģźô멣ɶֱ¡
ʱƳڣţ
̧ͷǽϵɤ
һǵһǡľŵûôӣֱڳػ㣿
ͷϺͷе̣ҲһȺأȵůůӡ
Ǹůӵġ
ͷ캮ضģ˾ŵڳ·λʾΧ׼ֶҪˡ
ӽнԼã˼ԹջΪģҲ˵Լá
ŵϽҲĽϡ
ˣͷĿۣԻһϵݲŽ
ϵãȴһ˿ң˿ƣ̬
ֻƺһңЩɾ
ϿŽϰ̺ݽᣬĿͣƬ̣һԶˡ
ϼæԼһͷĽӿȥϵıӰܿʧǰͷѵĳ֮У㽫߶ߡ
ˣϷӣͷñָϹ̧ͷʵ£ѩ˶ˣôʪģѶ´ûͷġ
ŵ½̵ݸصٵȶʪֹﳾۣҪǳģÿˡ
һС֡׳ˣСҲûϹٵôͶô࣡
һºЦЦ۾ŵ¼ʶ㣬ЩƵģū澺͹˹ﶼδš
ϽӲɲ٣ͳճ꣬ѧԨ
ۿһۣЦǳճˣʱ졣
һ㶣ʱһ죬һôô䲻أ
ʲôʱ죿
ʱϲŰ꣬Ѳ˵ʮ궼ճˣû
ﱧ̺ûȾͻڵģȻֻҪСһսԿˣ
ڶй÷ɿ죬ѲĶٶȻ̶ͣͣ׷װ½ʼӪ
ŵ³ǰȥʥʡ
ڳȵͷĹͨ³ŸУǰӪء
ĸ첲ʵȥĶЪϢ
ɻĿһۣȻźģȻǸŵһͬˡ

϶סŲԲ۾
ôˣ
ϲɤʣͬͬޣǻʾʾôܡҪ˵ʾôܲأ˶٣ָĿڵôܸݵ΢ľͬޣ
ˡ֡
Ƭ̣Цʲô¶ûأûʲôɱܻġҪ濪ɣﻹֵźޣ
ǿЦЦҲǣԸʮֻ꣬ճŵֻиͷճһжվͣȫûʲôΣա
ŵµ󾻷ιۡ񻹻ܻͬסһ
ɫᣬɺЦѾͷȤ˵ʵڻ۾ŵóƷʾپԴֻǰ¶ҪܹͬһΣ֮õ¶ĺ¶ͷϣ㷴ˡ
ϿЦЦҲ㿴ͨ͸ƫҲ裬ֻ󰮵һĴңȻʺܵµ¶֮
ȵգգۣεЦˣ˸־֮ͬ´ɲصģʮ꣬Ӧ֪ŵϲ
ܿ۵ԶأɣҲġ
ϸиŮźʱʽֱ»ﵹ£ôˣ
Ϻôˣ
һǣŹɺݾȥʮƤצ飬׳ͷˣ
ϵһ˺һץסֵ㣬϶ûźˣ̴ֱǿԵģź¸Ǳͻˣһһȥ
Ц֣֪ˣ̴ֻգĽͺá

68

³ʱɫ磬ӲӵͶˡ
ٵһƬĲԭڴģȻһƬ⣬ʱȴֻʣһƬԻơ
һ·ͺͺģŴ̹ǵĺ磬ġ
ϱ¯һ߳ůĳᣬӻ޷ӦĿֻýٹʵЩ
̴ӵͷ۴αȵһ·
æµȺ·С½϶˴һտЩĵضΨһ˸롱ƣ͹뿪ˡ
߽ˣһ
ʯɫĴʶ϶űůɺëձӣӺʵʵĸźӣ⿴žͽ˾Ż˿ů⡣
һڽ˱͸һ˿ʪ
ѩɽããһƬɽɾҲơ
ȥգЦЦģͷˡ
ͷһ
һůİѾȫˡ
ɫƶ޲˹̺µĴ齰ϽǣԱ߾ŸůĴ̿¯ӡ
ٴĵطŵ񻨺ľͷϸߣԱ߻żŴǹϺġ¡ˡ
ϵעȻڴ˴ɻĻͷ㣬ֻһ齣ѲǸ¼˯
ҪȥʰһЦˣŤͷ㣡̺ӸϢ˯ǱˣֻԻۣź򡣡
ȻЦЦߵ߶ȥͬһʰ
ֽûһͰ̯λˡ
ͷһźʾУʲôͦģ˿ŪһֻС¯һԵļϴڱǼᣬ૵Զţ¯ţҲ治鷳
ƫŵĴ̴ִӣһ߽仰۾̵Բˣָ̺ϵĹϣǳﵱģӵͷҲҽģ
ϱ̶ĳ𣬾ôͷͼݳֺüĿĵԼ
һæǰ򸣣͵سǵĻﲻǹģأˡ
ϲӭֵĿ⣬Ϻ޾ɫȴҲûлڡ
ɫ׺ݣ´˹һСɫȼѣ˼ֲ²⣬㲻ٶԣתͷֲӽźаϰ
һԻ˸õС̿¯
ȻźжǵʵĲζ͸̲סһ˿ĭ
һգֻһ̣ͼˡ
ںźУǽһûӵ̰ڰԵĵ̺ϡ
ֻģһ˵м⡣
ͷĲ˵һȣֱ빷ʳ졣
˶˳ȥͿʼ¯ӣѰϵı˿ţ̧ͷָŵ̺ϸŵġʳԹ˵ȵӰգĺܾͱһʰͣˣȥͷȾͳɡ
Ƶϵġʳ۽ǳ˳飬ʵͳ
̧ͷŰֻһ߶ߵźУƲôЩˣһ˳Ե𣿡
εĿһۣȰҵĺãʹպЩգѲڼõĶýãǧ˽۵µǷǣҪͷˣֱҪȥ췣ģ
ֽŵأë̺ͷԣϥãҿɲ˽ۣһȵ»һء
һ⣬ŹϵѾͷ
ϳǳЦɤŵǼǳЩҲΪС¶Ҫҵɣ
Цůůģ峺·ƱĴ磬΢΢񣬾Ȼһʱûע⡰治
ŵ¡ǳЩǳ
һ飬͵ػع񣬺֪ȥ¹ϵ죬ɵѾͷǿ
ϱ͸ͰͳҡҡͷʾԼ˵ˣɿ֡
ûٶ̸С̿¯ϵĲζѬöӹĽС
ذԣȥõϵģͷҧһڣæȥһƬ졣
˶ģϽɽãʲȥҪͼ˵ͷһͻһ˿ûС
һģһӣӹҵһ̣ŵ»ˡ
һͷͨתͷͼŵһӣ߽ӭͶʳĹϡ
һ˲ϺȻԸڵϳԡʳһĻᣬ񿴼ŵ£Ī͸ίˡ
Ʋ죬ĳС֧֧˵þͲˡ
˵βһСĭӣᶼˡ
£

Ѿͷ
ѹζŵʱЦһ˫ǳͫгɷ죬һ·ЦߵϸǰӹĴģصϵ
ʲô㡣
ϳӣͦ˼¯ŵĸ
ʢϡ
æǰʢͷֱֹ
žŵ³ͷһ֪λСͯȹҲô˵һ档
˾ŵµ֮󣬹һ¾;ˣֽĿʼ̴
ǰѡûϣûֽ̹ôźˣȻʲôУҾҲʵССĻƣòŹԶ֡
ԣͷһظ̴
ţýŵı칻ţͺɻһϥǹ򵽴ȥˡ
ŵ¾һ԰ϳԲ㣬ͷһƣŵһ㶣ͷһƼԸĴţﵽЩӦü䲻
һæǰѹϸקĶɤۣ̲סͳ˭ϴģ
һ㶣Ҳһͷƾŵ£ˣɫõˡ
죬üĻعͷڷԼŵĵط˵ǳǳϥǰ۸Ĩƽˡ
ҧ´عͷûڳСɫ
һʱȥ˳ϵ۽ǣʾϽġ
ֱģڹӼʱΪͬ䲻дĹأûھŵ¸ǰԼݳԶţͱ¦¾Ӳˡ
ԥƬ̣Ҫȥͼŵվְ̧˰ڣʾһһŵѩɫֱƮȻ߳
վͷͳŹϱԹҵḶ́Щգһë˵£Ҷ㲻ϵ
ͷ֮ʹʮ־񣬴Сţûӡ
ȴʼշŲ£Ҳ֪СȻȥʲôǽŴ齰ɣ
ŵ´˿̾վⲻԶĺߣͷûɵЩơ
ЩܾĻţؿһһа𣬹趼á
֪ǲǶ䣬ûϴӣܾùɢһ˵ζһһģһžؿð
ͷȫʰ׵ˣŵ»ûæ˴멸ȥˡ
һ
ֱڣŵ²Ŵӻȥ׼ˮŵϴϾźˡ
һֱԱߺţæ
֪ǲǴÿýЩ¾ͻбһۣʱʱֲ̧ӣʱֱһֵסǼ⣬ſ
ʵڲ֪ԼôˣֻվԶһЩ
ȾŵˣϨ˵ƣֻһյ΢𣬴Źȥ̺õĵϢ
ﰵϹűӣŷԼ壬ԼĳİϢǣţʱ̲
ȥ޷˯ͷԼ˺ʱëȻǺʼһɽȼصŵԽѡ
תŲŲıסһ첲
û˯ʵѹƹϣҲͷҰ޵ĺǶĿ޺š
Ĺϵֱ£ס壬һš
ʱϷǺƺӽˣÿһͣͺ󣬽ܻӽһЩ
ûţСڿ񡭡
꣡æ˸ƣͷһ۴齣ûžŵ¡
ûž͹ˣ
ΪϵĿ־壬ɢϢŨء
ŵֻؿһ̣ȴ֪ԵɣϵɤĪޱȵ˸е겻

69

ҹó棬һ˿˿춯ĻУ޷Ŵ
ϰצƵİסɲܳȥеĿ־뾯裬۾䡪
ͷȻһOO@@ĲݴĦ
ϵСжˣ
꣡ߣͷҹϹˡ
šüͷǿͷܲˣ
ûԶţСھţżסջ˯̤ʵοĽҰĵطѾܵΣգ
ǳʱĺڰӦ΢Ĺߡ
΢΢̧ͷŰ΢⣬һĿɨʱ䲻һ飡
ϣӳŸ赭ĺӰ
ǺӰһûڻĲУֻͷǶԼĺɫ
ǡһסĸ첲˻ƵСǣ
꣡վҪ
ϼֱ⣬̴ӣǲǶô֮ڶ⣬ֻҪ˯㣬ԸҰ޻˶һʹģ
Ҫϱ߿ӰӣͼСһ㶯
˼ҵʱŵľŵ£޿̵ȣɫѡ
ϸպ泯齵ģ䲻Ӱһ¡
ŵǱԼѵľŵ£ϸˡ
Ȼŵ´ʱݣã϶ǺƵġ
ԴǸĶСҺѵ³ˡ
ŻͷһƿϵƣСʲôԸ
ǽǵļֻ˽ǷҲˡ
ӵĿ齣ͼ»̧ԴͷһԹ
һԴ૽͵£ͷǡ
ڸС̿¯𣬴ůһŵ½
û̿ŵ¾޿̵˴ۣһ嵶ڵĳȥˡ
£ҪʲôŵЩƷ̿¯ӣײײĸ˳ȥ
Ͼͷһ̶ĵ
ţһҰ޺乾в˷ֹһֻ
æ£׷ţȻƿһݵǺ˻䣬һƬŨļžС
һļž
ع񣬹Ųߣһǳ⿴
Լ˿˫죬ΡΡںУĿ⾪̡
˳ԾĿ⣬棬ͼŵĴӳĽ߳һŵųߵӪĻԣſ˯
֪ǲʶеĳּΣյŭ𿿽ȻûȾŵ¿ڣԸתԺ̧ͷ
УһɵľԼ΢˵ĴԻȴûһ˿¶ȣҪȥЪţùҹ
һǣ漴ڵأԴ˵Ӳݶģǻū¿ū¿
ŵͷ˰Ȧùͷë
СԵЩƺ쳣ķ겻
һСҹǣҵѣһĳھŵ½¡
Ҳ־ͷߵ߶׷ŵߣ˵¡졭ɣͷ䣬ЩūָʹͺˣԶ֣
ŵûٶ˵ƹһصͷ˼õ˵棬ѣѹµΧ
һġǣ
ϼСԶԶͷŵøϽӣһʱ޲ö㵽ͷȥ
ŵ´ӽʱͣ±ͷܵĶʹԸĵԣ޿κεĶϾŵµĿ⡭
Ҫ˾ŵµĺΣôץסͷ͵أǳԵô죿
ϾԼǿֱ׳ģ
ĿڽʱȴȻһ
ŵǼʯɫԽͷԼŰɫġѪ
£һع˹ȥæƿŵۡ
Ȼɫ£ϸλѾѪȾ˸͸
ͷһһͼǱ⻹ڵѪ
ˣɤ񶥸ˡ
±ȻŨľϢѬǰһ˸Ƶģ˼к
æǰϣֶŵģǼͷǵѪŪģҸ첲ϻȾһأơ
ϴһƣǱϵѪ̧ͷƱľŵ£ܾõɫôôʹࣿ
ǲﲻƹеǰ
һӽ͸Ƶˣֱֱ䣬šüͷסϣɫʹǱ͵˶ʮǸƵġ
ô£Ҳ˲Ծæǰִ̧˴ŵµĶͷеôộˣȾϷ纮ˣūȥеҽ
ϼҴҴܳţ̾ǰӦȴŵ¶Ƶģһӡ
ϴ齺󣬾ȻñԼ˸Ҫϳ׸

ϲԵ׷齱ߣĺűӵǲˣ͸ټӴӣԴ¶ȻƵûš
ﴫƵһɤû壬սʣ˵ʲô
ͷظһ飺߿
ϣ
һСϾǺܺĵȥһЩޱŵ¸ϡ
ȥѴ̿¯ӳŲŲֱֱžŵ£ϣϾͿʼǿҪѾŵµССһඡ
ŵ񱻲βƵģߺŲҪҶձӻǱһǡ
ϵĴڽǰգ۾£𣿡
ȵϸľŵ£ԴҧгݵĺҪ߿
˵ܺôԡ
СôͷһΡϾʹȵûƽϣϸ£ñӣ˫סɲϱľŵ£ȥҪС
¾ֵǳͫҪǳ⣬ϱգͶȻԼĲ
á
ϱΪŵ»û뵽ԼϺһﷴͻȻˡһôȦţһ˫ɫӣʧֱǰ롣
Ǳͺǡˡ
ů˰ɣЦ
ŵû𻰣ɴֱǰ
תͷȥ૵һ͸ҽˣ𺦡
ϺȻоԼĲˡһڣ
ʶ֣գԾĲͷŵ¡
ŵ²ûлͷǱָղŵɫǰ
װú񡭡ոϵ˲ĳһ
£üʲôأ
ŵĿ΢΢תûлش𣬾Сʱ˴£˶ӵģ
ֲ̧˲ԼգбԹ˻ô
´˿ֻ뱻һͷιȥźãû⣬ԼΪʲôȻȥ򱿰
ŵ¶ôˣҲ֪ߣҲȥ˼İ֪ûϴ˰
ʵ̫ݶˡ
ҪǴȥΪƷδ棡
»ͷŹϣ˳˼
޷Կصһڡ
ϲ֪С˼ʲôֻ˫ƯһӣƺĳּҵϢ
£ӭĿ⡣
ģǹԭ޵İϢأȻŨȫ
Ͼһվˣ㵵ĿŴϵľŵ¡
˫ɫֱֱ׼
ͫ׷ʲô£
ˣһڣˣ屾ܵĻӦʱаиֻСҰޡǻ᳹ʧء
֪ͷһοɵĲ״ҪգϢŨȻὥﵽ۷壬Կء
ͨҵĺֻܿʹࡣ
ʾȴרŵҩƳأÿһʱգƽ˼Ҫ̹ࡣ
ϳѲ
侲ֱֱžŵ£ϸ룬ǹİϢأӦǴʼԼΧġ
ô˵ŵ¿ɻʱ־Ӧѵģš

70

ͷһOO@@ĽŲʱҽ֣߽š
ɨĿȻվűߣɻȴҲʣԺʹߵ齱ߣ˰
ּˮͰӣǰСΪŵú
еĻλ̫ҽԺԺУѯʽյµĳʳʹϸѣûǿˣ
һ뿴ϡ
ﾲƬ̣ǹϼ͵λҽˣЩɣܵĽҲúһ룬ûź£
⻰ǽ˾ѣԾһİƺˣǲģ
ԺмæƬ̣㼤صݵڵأߵؾŵ£Ʒɣᳯٹ֮ϲ
ԽǾϲ֣׷׹ߵء
ɡŵϲð˵̧ڹϣڵ¡
һ⣬æǽ
һôݵҪ󣬾ȻһȻӡ
ڼ䣬˼Ҿͣⲻˣå
ԥҪҪŶʱλԺѾҴŰҩȥˡ
Ժʹذϣͳ룬бۿ˹һۣͷǸƷϸߵľɣ
ӦǵĴˣҪҪȥ
ϴϢִٵľŵ²͵Ҫܣ
ԥĿҽԸ
ʱ򣬻ǲСӵӣӿɾˡ
Ժʹͷͷ֣ɿɿӹǣһҩߡ
Ͼһ£ҪӣԾŵµŵ㣬ڻǳڿɣɽӻܶһռУ밾ա
ŵ̤ϣĻ˻Դǲ̹ճȭһҴ齵ܣ
ǣæ۵ǰĺȰο
ҽ״һ˼⣺ʾƽ󣬳Ѳ·ûҩƽݣͲͷ
Ƭ̣ԺʹڵȥеĴ㹬ҼλûĸƷʵڰסõ˰ա
ĿһüǸԺʹǺ⣿ڼвзĹأպ޷ƣԾɫһӣ˭𣿡
ŭ𣬾ɲзԿأЩʶһ֪ѲҪ²ɣ
Ϻǰŵǵصһծжʱһ
᲻ΪѲ·ϿɣֱӹҽҾþŵзй𣬲ŵ¾ŵµ߲ܵɣ
ݣ
Ժԣбһۣһۺ룬õЩ䴫ԱͲţϰԶﴫĿǰûгʵ֤ʵڼ䲻зĴš
ͨҪȳɻо飬ڼûзҲȻҳóƷʾܴƣ
üͷ˵û֤֤ϴͳıҪԣôѵ֤֤ʵȫûҪô
֤ŵʥⳢԣһ֢ᣬ㵣𣡡
ԺԴ˸սͷһ۴Ͽ̵ľŵ£ϳΪõ°ȻȹڣŶƫ
ŸտʼȵϢŨȴﵽֵʱἫʹ࣬ӲͦǸʱ޿ǰͷĿҲˣԶᣡ
£æѲͨ˼ܵסĿͷóƷܲסˣ
ͷһֱǸҵСӢۣǸĺӣͷһοʱһܰȻͦ
һ˵ҲģûŲȥѰѡҽȰū֪Ϊ˾ŵ룬Ҫ⻵˹أһ£ҶӲ˸ϵѶٶա
ŵһڴϣ˹ϵĻﵽмֹǿѹסʹ࣬ҽ˵컹ܣ
صµĻԺдݵʹ࣬Ѱ˼ҵľɣڴϣԲеġ
ԣϲԼĶ翪ǻĲ״ȻûпԺ˻û
ǻʱ죬ͽĶ
ϺۿһԲľŵ£⺢ӵ׳ˣԺϾ޾ɫ
һ̣ȴŵµȻڵǻǻŮգЩ
ϣУ£ôأľҪʹ࣬һƷʾûԣνķڷ
һǰһ̣õʥ϶ᡣ
ĽŵԼ¶η̬ӵ۰ŻŮͻֱͬþй
˼ϼҪ
ҩأºܡŵ²ͷϣĿڵȾ˷纮䣬ô£
ϼ״絶ʣۿһ̣ҩһͰˣȥͲˡ
ô¡ŵί˺ü飬üİºܡ
ĿڴۣҲȥһӳ񣬴ڴںͷĿҪ嵭еʹࡣ
ѾûС¶ôĿģϲϰοԼҺҲҪһ١
գ۾ͻȥģҪȥ󣬲Ǻ˾ŵ¡
ƺо䣬ںҹ˰ʱڿλԺв̣ҩյˡ
æȥߺţͷŵºҩżæţԺһ
ǸԺʹŻΪոձӶŭΪѵѲڼ䣬ҩıʹ٣һ̴ӣʲô֣
üͷ˵ҩֲʲôҩģ䷽ܰһһֲܸҹºȲ͵óȥƾʲôȣ
°͵ˣҲṇֻ̀³Ѳľ
ҲǲǸƷ󣬸ƷҵȲþŵ£ֻǸs
ͦ˼ģƷҩþŵµҩҲ׺ˣµʹ࣬Ҳһҩ
ǸsԺʹæüĿûٶ˵˻̴֣ٸʢ
Ϻ󣬹ӣԭ˷״̬ȫպϡ
ûǹӻ֮ȥϢϢŵҲװܿƫͷ˯ȥˡ
һֱһԣֱ΢ͷ𡰻ϼݵͨɤ
ϺһŮæڵأʥ밲
ӵɫҴҵ߽ţϼϲ뽹ǡ
ϲĽɽĳƷʾľѣѲ·ϣûҩƼʹࡣ
󣬹΢΢̧ۣƼӵĽϣʱ澪ŵ´
΢΢ʼ磬¶ɵ΢ЦʾԼȻ
˿ͷӵۣߵŻõĴ齱ߡ
ŵ±˯úúõģˣͿһǵԣʵҩˣ𣿡
ŵ̧ɤЩɳƵĻصˣܡ
ӵεĿԼСŮһ㳡滰ס
ӵۻͷҽʵɶˣ
ԺʹػϣԼĪʮһʱ¡
ӵ۵ͷܼܲӼͻع
Ժʹص򲻿ɣسһգڼ䲻˵Ͷ٣Ӧŵڴ˰ա
ӵ۲ǵĻͷСŮһۣ̾˿ϵôɣؼݺĸĸҪˡ
̾꣬ʵתһԴܹܵȫ˳ȥ˿ӼӦ츮У֪޵гա
ȫ˳ػ£Ѳ̶Ӵڴ˴գūΨ費㣬ǵöȡ
ӵ㶣һԽǰʣгվɣֻöüɡ
ӵЩ̣ͷСŮǰȰοã˻ϡ

71

ԭΪʵۻᲡͶҽȥ̫ҽԺԺʹƫԹڻʵ۽ʱͷ糵Ƶתʱ׼סأ
ʵôžҪˡ
˿Ťͷ˿Ժʹӹҽûʥǰߡ
Ǹ˵̫ˣʵ۸մӳţϵɤͽŴ
úʵ˵ǡȫ˳Ѵ㹬еľУûȫ£ԷŲʱ֮裬Ѿ˵Ҳް
ϣ
ʲô£
Ϻ޲ð׷ȥҪô˵ʵֻ˱ãûֱּޣίʵ
ôһͷȺŲнԶ
ϾͿڴ齱ߣ䲻Ŷġ
Ťͷһһ˫ίƯձߣ̵ͦĹıǼ΢΢ʶƺ̽ζɫͫˮģ۶дšôûζˡľɫ
£ʲôأϼæסСĸ첲ͷƣߴٵ£Ͻиʲô¶ȥҪЦġ
ŮҲǰתҪȥ¯ϵРһһԺȴֹ´ʱҴڿɳڣͣͲҪҩڸͦȥ
һæ֣ȥš
һϾʥݻˣϵСù˼䣬˼ܵȫûд˼
ֻÿЦҡҡͷ˵һԵǣѵƽϰˣһ˵ţһûУҪԴͷˣҪǰܲסǶӲ𣡡
ڵأ
֪⻰ʵҲ˵ġ
ʱ˵ֳСã׵¾ŵδûеµҪӦˡ
СϾѾЭˣȫûпһѵ˼Ҫȵʹɥʧ־ʱ
ϲҶ룬һһա
ϷԸŮźţͷԹʹ˸ɫ㷴˫ȥԸһĬĬȥ
ĺϣϻͷϣЩɢķ٣˰ɣû㣿
ŵĿǰ־һֱҶРòŵġûἰձһµ¡
ΪСĶ磬֪ʱŵѾɣԼ֪ϴգ¶ԷʧأⷴľٶʵԼĹ
˵ûýϹŵ£ǲ˵ˡ
΢΢üРйأ㲻ɶǽȰȥգ
ҡҡͷŵ³ôͷһѣҲһźţРԾ˵ҩأһܹգһ룬ܳŵ°ȥء
û˵ɫЩãͷ԰ѩɽ
֪һֱŹ룬ɴǰ̹׵£Ҵؾʹ˰Ĳ£ԭûͷɾŵˣ°˳ɾ͸˳ˡ
۾һĿбģ
Цŵͷù˲£ͲףȥҪϹ
ϼתסϵ֣ΧֻǿѹϲãСϹϹȵ𣡡
ϳǿЦ
ǱРЩѪЩף˫û˴ǰĺΡ
뽭Уȴһʩζ
̧ͷϣ֣µҪǵ˵ĻŵѾˣ۴С£ĶҪ
ңصٲʲô¶ң
æòӰɵӣһҪˣ˭ĵĶ̱ƹѽǲͷˣ
ϱôЦŹϵıǼѾͷΪڣûʱʱأ񷴵ٲ
ЦЦ˵ǰסһʱ㲻Ҳײβʲô¶˭㶼ʲô
ϿŽϣ֣µ£Ӧңٴ¶Ҫͬҽ֪æǹҴ£Ҿﲻæôͬϲͬǣôͷ̤ʵ
Ҫʲô¶ңӹû׼Ȣؼû꣬ԸԸˣϹһƸ񡣡
Цֱҡͷ˵
Ӧң
Цúúãұ֤ʲô¶㣬¶ط㵽ʱɱ߶ζ
Цҿɵǳŵ˰
صӼֱ꣬ǰôͬ˵ЦͲˡ
𣬾ŵ¾ͰѲ輸Ρȫˣ񶼱˼أаһͷʱᵹڵϳ鴤
۵ÿСˡ
ʱŵһ᲻ϼָ޲һ̾оˡ
֮ǰеļ֣ڽ¼˵ʹǰ·𶼻˲仯촷ۡ
ô꣬ͷؼɣлµöࡣ
ͷ·磬ưô꣬վţ򲻵ڷϣء
ʵܵõǹɿµвȴ޴ӷֵʹࡣ
޽ʹ࣬ƫǹϲӦ
Ͽ޵۾ף󾹲֪Լڼʲô
ÿҪЭ˲䣬Ž£ǹâһ˼
ͷۻϰԸŵһ
˵գ׹֮ʱϲһȺʼס·衣
һȺ˷ݵصסŵ£ںͷһ·׷ϣЬܶһֻϵʱ򣬽ѾˣսȦ
ȫʧˡ
˻ߵĳսȦͷ£
һճҲ֪Ǹ˻ôУŵһаӿúúöģȻϳ鴤
ϼæˣʮæǰ
ûҲʣ类һţ˱ˣֱ۶ˣӸ첲΢£ĵۡ
鴤еĽ˩ϡ
˺ϱŵԴţʱʱһ£ġ
᲻ãصսѾˣûԵķӡ
ѩصģǰͷһϣ˵죬ϵľŵԴһֱŮһɿ⣬¯ҩ
ʵʱҩѾˣŵ¾ͷǰգͱ£ʱʱͰ͵ĳһϵӡ
ǵ˿ڷֵӳԲѾʹˣֱ¡
תͷһ۹ϣɻڵأһͿˣƵġ
߿޻߶£ӭͷ̾Ͳˣ޵ñȾŵ»
˻ûãһͰܳվڹԳĬãȰһϣȥˣޡ
ϲᣬýϻȥˣ¯š
쵽ʱŵѾڵû
Ҳû֨곤ЩֶѾ÷̧ʣµļŮҲЩ衣
Ͽɾӵģ촽ȴʼƤҲûѪɫֱֱעžŵµһһ
Ȼ䣬ŵ͵̧ͷ˷ܵ˳̽ͷ档
˳Ŀ⿴ȥͼԶһȺ̴ͷߣʯͷҺ棬ľͰʢȥˮ
ɻĻͷƾŵ£˷ܾǲǿˣ
ȹϺѯʣŵ¾˿ͷСʯͷת͵سһԺȥ
ˡһ죬ͷϵı㣬ҵ֩ѿ
ϵɴ۾عͷͼŵ´ͷƵͷԶһȺ̴ֺõĹЦЦ
ͷͰŮʮ߹׵ŵɵĺߣ𱻾ŵҺõı顣
һͷˮ֮ʱǿ򶨵ɤӣȴƲס£ͷڵ㡭Ѧࣿ¡ǡǵ㡭
ͷһתһܳĸŵ򰲣Ѧ࣡
˵űŤĶԾŵЦЦ
һȭͷ֪ʲô¡Ůǻ̴ͷŮžŵ¿ɵͷʾǰ¶
ŵﻹܵϢգ
𽵹ȥֺøİ󣬿üԺãŮ˶û뵽ŵ»ǵֿ֣ˡ
㷢Се㡭ƫˡŵ´˿̱˵ֱһ̧һü֮䣬ɽǾԵ÷ķ˷Լķ
°
ϣ
ⱲӿɶûôĹ
۳ŶǾ֪塱һܳҪǰԼӣϼӿŲһѳסǾĸ첲˵קôߡ
ʲôɿңǾһ򣬻ȴڵĻʾɱͷ
Ǿʱһ£˵ոǵ»ءȴûԹԸŹϻ

72

û߼ʹһǺॵײ
תͷŵͣ˫ɫԱһ㶢
ûԥϻعͷǾ첽뿪
Ѧ౻ͻ¹ùһ۾ϳ˹ϣŵļλҲͬʱȻ֪ϵݡ
̸۵ģǻʾźĺˣǾŵѡеĸƷȻӲ˵Ĺע
µĹùǸҡβͻͽˣϽЦӭȥЦӴļҵĹôˮ飿ɰľǣȥˣ
ֲЦˣԭѵµûֵµС󣬽žͱôһҭֻֻ̬Ѧõ¹ùõǰ˵˷տڻʾֶΡ
ǹ꣬ɫˢ˲Ƶģֵūʧְȥһ췣
ѦԻʧɫùáЩ̱ڵء
ûٶͷ뿪
ȥʱԶԶ̽ͷ
ѾָԭȻģԴ
ù˿̧ͷ˿̫һжˡ
ϢؽܷΧڵɲǣȻܵһϢҪǿ֡
ϲĿ򽭳£ȻǼһһԶ΢һԴͻ̧
Ұް޻ֱֱ
ˣҩˣ
ϼæˡ
Ľֱֱ֡͡ķվɫҰףǱϸϸܵĺ顣
һϾ͹ȥˣϲͷ˿ҩ¯ӣѾЩԲסٺһРҪһأָܹ
ҩôھŵڣǼֱûб̵ĥˡ
һ̹Ȼҩ¯߹ȥ
¿˷ܵñɾķա
ԽԽӽһҩ¯ӵʱ򣬾ŵµɫԽԽ
ϣ
϶סŲɻĿȥ
һִ·ŵһ糣
Ϊ˵ڵľӵ𣬾ͻȫ־ңĸϵá
˱ܵķй֮⣬ȫ˼ģֻʣԭʼʶ
˿ںҲǵԼɺڵ顣
ŵȴܷʶˣȻֺƭ
Ϻ⣬Ѳһԭʼʶ볣˲ͬ
Ȼŵ´ʱ־壬⻽Ŀȴ죬ϱ㱾ܵĻӦ¡
¿ĿѰʱͬϢ˵ȴ糣ֻɲһֶԹָָԼ۾ɤƵ۾졢ˣˣ
ԥͷشͼõܿࡣ
һڣͼ򶨵Ŀڵ¡ѾûˣָָԼϵԹ˵šۡ
ϻ˱ۣ֪һƭ
ˣôо»ӵ˼
ûٻش𣬹϶ҩյԼһ롣
··ʶˮĨɢϢʱǺһ󳶣ɫ׶ĵŹвϣѾûˣںúõģ
ҩһֱ¯ţʱǿˮû죬ź紵˴
ľŵѾˣģŹ²ȣ
̧ۿ˾ŵһۣ˲죬ֱӽҩĳϽ㡭
ϲʧЦžŵ´굽ʮ꣬ͷ㡱ơ

73

վ룬ߣͷ͡Ǻॡһ졣
һ£ҩ̵ָһ֣ˤڿݲݵϣƵһ죬ҩһأȴû顣
һԿصű˸ǣһͷŵػɣһת
ţƤĽ죬һ߳Ϳһִҩյֵһҩ
ʱҩʧЧʱˡ
ٴʱͱһֵסͷһüԼ
һֶ룬־ͳͷӪߡ
ϲ½϶˵첲ֻ˳ӵĸߡ
ȵ˰ȫΧϲɿ֣عͷĿҩܶȣôΪ޹ʵĻʾԼӣֲǷǵ㿴ţ
ϵͷ૵Ҳġ
̾˿Ըһùһ˴ţͷŵĿ̫ˣöٺôƴҳ˫ݶļۣҲôҳ𣿡
ƲƲǵģŵ¶ж
ϿЦʲôϲжǵ˸ץһ
˵̾˾ĿŽϵ˸ҲţۼҶֵýиضɽҡ
ҵʱ򣬶ǿþŵ±ӣŽôһݶ棬ͦ˶ʱݶ飬϶һֱء
ԭô£ֵôġ
ҲңͷһҪµʱǹӾ󾢶񶼼ǵã͡
ϧ㵱ʱ̫СҲû룬ðԸߵģűϾԣЩҲûٳԿͷԺ󣬾òίԼˡ
ί̧ͷŵʵͦݵģһûί
ίҲָС֮飬Լһһ·ء
ǳǳһЦȥˣҲί㣬߰գʱž͸ʧȥʶˣò˿ţһȫˣ˳˳ĿɣҪͷȹ
˵ţŹȥڳϢ
Ҳûټ֣˳ӵĸ潭ߣ̵ڣ̴ӲŸŵµ
˵Ѿˣ̧˴Ϣ
ȥһֵۣԼϢžŵ£ֻüȡ
գîʱ̴ͨŵѾȻȹڣ˿̸תš
æ´ЬҪܣȴĿǰԸˣýˡ
һ㶣ʵΪʲô
εЦҡҡͷ
üźŵĹŮأҲϳˣ
̵ͷū˵½ûѹһۣƼĹŮ֣ʹȫ˳ȥǻһūź򡣡
̱شϣＱôӣСһúöʲôŤ
ⲻôϽʣŵô
̴һۣСͦģﲻصǡ˶٣ֲ鿴Ųá
۾µµֱת˼˾ŵ£ԽԽĻţѲһǵÿ췢¶
ͷһϼֱŵǰڣ
СҪӵС۶ԣ£ѹ̱һٻصģ
رǾŵùϱРǻҪˡ
ݶҿڣҲûķˡ
ôһ룬ҲͲ¸ǰˣĵ硣
̴֪ͨʰˡ
룬ǲǸøļƣϾŵµ

74

߳ţͷƮСѩʰ޵߰˰ˣеѾڹٵϺţǵĺƤñϣһ㾧Ө͸ıӡ
£̽ο¯ͷһǸ磬ԺΧ⽪ѹѨĵվûס
̴ϹٵԶԶͿźͷͬŵ̸
ŵʱʱƵĵͷƺЩ䣬ɫ糣ͺǰܵȨһΣɫҲޡ
ֻʣɫ԰׵ĹϺȺ˵ǣǳƽٵӡǡ
ǰײˣ
ȵϵѵŵ²͵ɫжϺ󣬹ǰ밲
϶밲ŵ밲
䣬Ͼ͸еһŭԼ
̧ͷͼ²ͷбһۣתĹĵ̤˳ᡣ
˭Ƿ˰˰ٵǮƵģ
ϣţͷٵԼǷµġ
һԽǰȥɣͷ䡣
ϴһ۽ϵĸ첲ʵỹҪɣ
Цҵǰͷôͬˣ
æƴǣ˵Цˣ⵵ҪӱܣҾŻ۶СģȻˣһСҲ˲
ûȰС˵˾䣺żǲǰ¶˵©졣
˵꣬һĹ˳뿪ˡ
ŮҲϳҲС
ڳ¸ľ룬ȴܸܵϮϢ
һȻǲ¶ĶĻ
Ŀ⿴ھŵԵѵ˾ŵ¸ǰ͸ľƵޱ飬ʵʲô顣
ֻ̣ͷͳϺСģʱȴŵѵ
κСʼղڣͷβԴֻһëĲӰֱӡ
ϴˣɹϲ֪Լںδ
˽ʱŵ촽Ůæ˳ŵĲˮʾȥ
ϾʱڨЦŴºЩûǸˣȵӦ죬;ȥʳĸ
´Ĵɱһѹŭ㻹ǹʲô
ŵһӣС⻰Ӻ˵¶ˣ
ۿ
ɺ󣬹ͷһŵĿԣ˫ɫӷ·ĳĹʣֻһۣͽĿˡ
ֵܾãһǰͷһʱĿʱͬ˵壬ȴֻɵ𺳡
עڽĹϣ˹ûРãҪҪ˰ѳټӳʮɣԶЩ°ѳֲס
৵ľͺˣһ̧ŵ¶棬ԴػˣֻǾñ߽ůЩ
ߡ°ͣյݸЦ˹ЩܾˣРûƹһۣ˵˵⼸쾿ʧ̬ˡ
һ㶣˭˵ûСģ
粽ҹÿֻϢʱֻһϲ٣ôͳûƹһˣüʶӣ̷ֲ
һѵصĹݵӢţʧ̬ɺ죬һֱ־ᶨ˿ûԣǹؾصڴϰġ
ϣ
´һϹŵĹǣֱӹϣû
ϼֱԩǰ
ǱϹͱϹƫҪ˵ŵ춼ûȥƹһ۾ŵ£СйԺӹ
Ӷ챻ʳˣֲұ粵һ˵ĸ˱õϹһⲻҪǾŵɡ
Ҫʵй¶ˣŵôҪӵˣͷȥ
û취ưͳԻ͵¸˵¿ɣʵҹͷҲֻ̽ûŵ¡
ŵûӦͫȴбԵǶ֤
̵̨ܵ°ɣ
һɣ̴ӵĻ˹ʱϢʱֻ̽ǲҾǸƷû²ʣ
СɫڻͷʱĿͬƱů磬˵ζ
æȴеһֱŵ£ǲսӽǵóҹҹ˯ã
ŵ¶աƫ
˵ġաʣȴԾɻ±ռӣԱЩõĳƽޱǶԹ´ô裬졣ʧأºҲ᲻ʣعԻʾҪ㡣
ǰʱЩãλ˵ֱ꣬Ӿɵˣžŵ£˰ӣ͵һЦˣ
ӭĽ¿䲻ûϡ䡱ĭӣһ¾ͦһæӸ²
ס죬۽ǶỨˡ
ôһСȻǰһıʾᡰҪ㡱
ۡ޿̵ٴЦˡ
Цʲôŵƺ涯ŭֵ̧ӣüĿעӹϣѵ
ΪϻܳлٲҲŤһ¡ķӦ˳ǽʮУ衣
֪ôŮˣ
ˡЦ۵Ķӣ˲۽ǵỨ̫ˣǳˣǸеĺûʾ
̧ͷһŵ°ͣɫ͸ĽëĿޣ߶䶼
ϸæЦȰοСɡղáֻý͵һİ£ֻܸѧվ򲻸һ˿аⵢѧҵ
±ͷмѧգôЩ꣬˽̻һ䳤񲻿ùڸǰɨأʲôĹ
ҪԺޣ㲻ʶֶȫ¶ô˳ôǹеֽˡ
ϵЦ̽ˣ£˵ò˵ģ
һվɣٴ뱻ŪУһ·Ӧ츮
ΪᳵӣȻգϴӵĳȴֻȻʵ졣
϶й׵ϴ˳ɵĻȥ밲
ӵһֱţ˰Ȼϲ⡣
ǰ˺ᣬֻһѪҺҼȷǵճַǳӳŮδ˷飬봢֮λԵϾǧһĳƷӵɶ䱦
һʺΨһ˶Ѿ޳һֱԽΪպиӵ۱ҲʶŻŮΪճѪиǷǱѰ
⺢˳ɣȲعйٹ١
й滪ڣӵеλʾ̸̰īһǣﳼķӦ
뽭֮ǰԤһ£ʵһֱɫʹùԱǴһʼľлһʱĴңһʱľսڼ尾жȹҹҶ˻ʵ۵ܺ澹Լȫ״
ѾɹԱϴǳʣ߳ɹԱȫ̰ī˽Ͻ˻Գ⣬ʣµеŵһеѾԼҸл
ıң
ӵѯʼʾȥδá
ʺ֮鲻׷ΪʱˣǸý永̡
ӵڴĿ⿴ŻŮ
ºܲӦϰ˶ڴıԲܸ
Ȼ޷ģŵ¹վش𣺡ᳫΪӳս永Ա˺Ķ
һʱƣŻ
ؾ󣬸ʴּﳼٺ»бȻΣȴӦʱη壬Ϳա
ʱٴ£յʡģ˼ΪƣʱƽԵãº庣̡
ٴɫ䡣
ӵ۳ãп̾⺢ƽյɵԵȴ·Ȩǲţֻϧ

75

Ӧ츮ǰʦش꣬Ͽɱȼպ
Թīӽеܶ඼ǳؽ硣
ʱֵĩ˵زϺȴĴˮʪ󣬷ﶼд͸ǵʪͬҪصĴ
ϱй󣬾ȲԸ̴ӣ˵˴·˴˴ʫгֵʤż
ʹû޵İٻҲòС
̨ͤ¥Сұľϸ壬ɽˮһ񣬲ķľǣСϰ˷ԲصĹϣһԹĴ
ֻϧϴУӣÿոӵĴѲΣϾһͬ
ΪӦ츮ĹԱ˳츮ӦƷϵĴԱҲ
ƷְͬȨȴر𣬵üնǧѷĻᣬǰ¶ܱؾְ
ӵ۳춼æǻĹԱеĻʾҲʱΧ
ÿÿ븸ʷͷѲ飬һ·϶ðεʿˣҪͶ£±ְءѧ㲩
ﰵʾԼԸ׷¹ҵͲ˵ҪЭ¸аˡ
ʮΣЩʿ˲޲ѧܵ˰͵ѧҲͶֻ߲ܣһȫջȥ
ͷ״ЩͬûйѧͶһЩԱֵ̼粻ϣ˽֪ͻƣƶ飬ǿʸĴ
Ǿŵ£Ϊף²δʽ볯Ͷͽ˶޼
϶ʱðŵ࣬ҾͲһǸƷʾδʱֻҪ¶ӹûɡ
ɣŵڽͬľ󣬱ԿܵǿϢ۷
һ˷һ׷Žʮͬ
Ⱦŵһ˽Σ·߸һƬ̶ķС
Ʒۼڻʳְ٣ɶľǱлü
˷ǷϢϢĿ˽˵ˣľȻµ۴ĳĳƷʾ
ܹȻ֮
ԾǷ׷ժ壬ŮǷ׷ժͷϵλΡ볯ŵ·ȥ
ϲ֪Ǹʲôϰףͷһرҵʱ¶ŵò㷴
εľǣ۽ǶҸỨþŵ΢侲˼һ£תͷʵعԱ·ԭ
֪ǵؾǵġʾϰס
ϣ
߻ʵԶϵľǾǿʰ
ʳǹɭϣûļҹ幫С㣬ڶİʾãǷȥһߴ
󷽻Ӧ󰮵ľ󣬶Ƿëǵ
ٻͷͷϵľǣͲ¶Ƕˡ
ŵĮȻһƬʯλ֮Уһʱ֪λӦϰյ顣
ھǱޣҪ㼤ͶѾҵͷѪˡ
Žű߶ѻһȦ壬ŵµײʧ˻ʾķȣͷԹԱѯʵӦ𣿡
عԱվһߣʱʱˣҸţɫģشпеľ󣬿ԼӦ佻ɽء
ϴʱ̧Ÿ첲ԴڵĴ⻰̧ȥƾŵ£
ԭΪŵ»ϽȶţʼѲ飬СԾȻͷɨΧľǣ
˫ɫ￴ڼ¿ӵ񡭡
£һţ˲ھץסŵ䣬־ͳżͷϡ
һƬĽУŵһɻıϽŴԺľƧ
ϻعͷ˫ֲ߷עžŵµ£ǲɸȥ
ŵϵûе¶
һɣб۾ոһֱ˼أ
ŵԳĺΣ͵ոиҪ¿ϢܹŹ֣νӶŵɤ᲻ŵļР֮ǰζ񡣡
һ㶣ŵ¾ȻǵϢ
ʶ˺СɫҲ𳱺졣
ڣӦϢȻٱǿƽʱ޷֪ġ
ŵ¸ոոܵȺŨȵϢأǾ˵оˡ
϶̣ɲΪŵָ¡Ҫôأ
˱εԶĹԱ̴Ӷҿ
Ҳ֪⡰ŮȻ˷߾ŵΪ¡
Ȼŵû˾͸ֻһرܣȵ·Ը
ãʶԼܷŵ·Ѳ飬ֻüҴҵ̧ͷ͵£֪Դ˺ܺ棬ûʲôúģôľͦ¶
ͻǵȰһ䣬ǰЩʹͣΪǣ͵ʱͣʱˡ
ǣһమļż鶨Ϊ
ǳŵ˫ļ֤ʸ־ľģǵ⡢֣
మĺ壬ǧҪռκһλ壬Ƕ峺¡
ֻбమˣʹ˫ϣ򣬾˸ȱڣǸû壬Ǽ̵飬ء
ŵ±һһ㶵ģ¶ĿŹϣͷһԼ޷ġ
ãع۽üҶȻȼŭֱֱסϣ
ϳԾԴԸ˵ʲô󲻾Ļ
ŵӭžŵĿ⣬ʵ˵òã
ŵ΢ޣһ쳣ӹϣ俪ڵ㶮ͦࣿ
Ȼڻɹ˽ˡϡˣһûг޵Ůƺȷʵöôࡣ
ŵ΢һʼ磬æЩ׵Ľ̵
ŵȻŹϻⲽһȦƬ̣ʳԼɻ󣺡ô˵ܶమˣȴûϲǲ˼顣
Ͼøûϵĺͯ鰮ʵǸѵĲ£
룬͵ˡðܶԳаΪõ¸ǵĺ壬ͱֱԡ
ⲽǰʩʩȻ˵գˡ
һףа֮ڶ࣬ǳమͿʼ˵ռУꡣ
İԷǲԼĸ˷ġ
֮û檣ΪûаĽߣֻΪͲȥռжԷֱҵԼమΪֹ
һλʾеȵı֣
¶ע˵꣬ɫã֮󣬵ȻڵµĸҲ˵ƵĻ
ǰһоŵµġ̨˵ĻҲݣ
Ҳ˵
ŵǳͫתƺϸԱȹȹ˵ĻЩãȻ૵ĸ˵ǸûĻˡ
ԼֱǰһڣȽһЩȥɱͷĻ뻰˵ˣ
æ£Ϳûô˵
ŵǳͫбһۣãȴûڶԣٲȥ˹á
Ҳٶʣ鲽ȥ

76

Ӧ츮Ѳ֮ãǰһ죬йȴ˼¶
ڵîʱ̣ӵһڻʾʱŹŮ½ʽʵʾǵĹҤ̥״֮С
̸۽չԱϱ
϶һڣȫעĥӻ顣
ӵ۵ĿҲŴӡ
ŵڶࡣ
븸ʹţƽʱȹĴҪǰʱԽ´ʱɫľګĿֱֱŹŮеĿӣỺĽС
һĸ㣬պһһ
ʱӵ۴ͷʰӣʶȤĽ̸ۣůһƬף˿ʼš
ӵۼҪ֮ʱߴ»ʡ
ɤŸ˯ʱɳơ
ʵ۸¸㣬ͷȥͼŻŮɫګګͷĸ㣬ʵ۲Ц̾һû˯ѣ
һԽ̧СõԴ˵ٹһʱҪˣ԰ɡ
ʡ̧ͷɻ빫أ
⻰һӵƺγѣͷ˿ԣһ˼⣬ŻʰͷæţˣЩ԰ա
ŵȴվƿߵӵ۸ǰϸǰĴ롣
ӵ۲ʲô֣
»üֱͷһְ̧ۣһŹŮͷһ־ͽֱֱ֮Уе͵͵ж
䣬ӵɫ䣬Ҫڣͼİγǰ
ûļˣѾȫȻڣ
ͬȻ꣬৵վǳˣ
ӵһᣬסµô£ô£תǳ̴ӣɱţŵȫѺ

һҵͶʹĻ

ھŵ޹ŵĹϣҲٵй̩ǰĹ㳡Ӧ츮йŰΧﷸѡ
֪д̻ʵ۵Ĵ󰸣Χ̴Ӹŵֽ
ְӣǺ֪飬ǣ
صĸʦүȫ顣
а̾⣬ô¶ǵڰ£Ҫһֱ㳡ţҲˣ
ֻһʱӷͱŵ¸˳ϵĳ˳
ûʹ꣬ӵۻعִ龩ǴС
Ͼǲ֮ڲ˵ģѾŵζϰḶ́˵
ˣǽʷĶӣ
ս᰸֮ӵѯʾŻŮε֪ж¸˴𰸡
ڴ֮ǰйõĲ;ߣǻʹĴҤ
յ峿õĴȴȻ˵еҤҿƳҤͣɵһ
ܹܷ빫ǡûңƽҲҪԶ˴β;ɵ㣬ĺȻʧ٣ͳ˵ڶɵ㡣
Ǹ㱾ŵ¿ᰮǸ⣬ŷָƣǸȻߴʽŷƷ£ŮʱȻȥ죬һֱڵƺ˹ķĩ
ĩɵ㡣
֮˷׾١빫ʬܿŷͷ˳֤ʵ˾ŵµģȥŵ·֣űһ
ɫκξſ־壬ж˶϶͵ʾģȻǷ빫Ϊ
ң;߳ڱأȻǽ걾صķˣ
빫δýϣԷ˲ѣֻҪݳѲ⼸ڣõıˣɽһ׷١
ʱ빫ѧͽ͹λӷ֮һĸǰηĹԱ֮һ𶯻ȷ
ʼٳ׷ù鰸󣬾ŵֻ䣬ͽĲڳ֤ݣ˸ǰìܣʵ
ˣӰ᰸ķһʱ
ϰը˹˵硣нĳĳƷʾģҲлɴ˰ǾŻŮΪ
Ͼⰸƽ̣˳£ںͷ£ƾۣһʱ˿Ϸƶϳọ̈̄
ֱ˼
ǾŻŮⰲһȸϷԴȡʵ۵ĳ谮
ֻйϾãºСˡ
ȥ·ϣĹ϶žŵ£֪ŵ춼Щʲô
ŻŵģܾԼ˼Сǰ͸ģʵ̫ûаȫˣ
£ϹƨҪ˳ΪԼǰСϸ챻Сƶϡ
ۿϣ⵭Ȼ˶٣ֽһ˿ӣ漴³۽ޣȻЦ˵ķ棿
ߵĹŮԽһ㶣ͬʱϣ󡭡¶ζ
ϣ

ȻЩ˯ھŵµ޹Ǹ˯ƫŵǷû֪
Ȼɺ͵ñˣϱ⡣
Ӽ࿼˺󣬾Ҫ뿪ѧãᡣ
ګګעžŵ£һټ֮ã󣬾ڻʼϯҲֻʣ΢Цڡ
ļһ
ʮˣӵͷǸնյСֱͷŻЦľɫݣϾԼѾ۸ˣһ᲻뿪
ôˣ΢΢ǰ㣬ɻע˫ۡ
ϻعæͷĨﷺˮһЦĳˣҪ͵չˡ
üңʵ㡢չ˹£
ƳСһۣʵǡǵչô꣬ˣ
ô꣬ϴССֻȷʵǾŵ³ͷƽġ
ʱԼǸǣ뿪󣬾ŵ·ɺܶɡ
ϼ뿪ἰǱ𣬻ߣȴסˡ
ˣȹ꣬Ҫʱɡ
ؾ󣬽дӣǰ֪ׯ
ׯЩԽ࣬밲صطԸŷŮʱԵĲʽ
˴ݳѲʸĲ£ÿɶ׵ׯɫĿϡ
״ûʲôֵ⣬׵
ׯЦЦָ̧֣ŵļĻ糤һָʾŮʢһ룬ڵСǷͷϣ׳ˡ
ἰԼһ̵ֽľŻŮϲԾ¶ɫʴӱֻǳ¶âˡ
ׯԺЦһ䲻ȵ⺢ӻͷεĺãϰҶΪĵ
ĸѹɤС˵ʲô
ׯɫԲã¿ôˣ񳤳ɳˣǲǾͲܸԼĺ̸̸ﻰˣ
üĬƬ̣̫ˣѪͳܶԡвοӣԵǿͷƶƲȥˣοҪǷġ
ׯü̴ӣĿ׺ݵĿŽϵڲ룬Ժ󲻻䣬ǺӲŶ㸸Ҳ꣬δ˭˵׼
̾ĶˣǳƷ¾ǻƷʾĵλȨ̫ϻ죬οҪλûղͳ⺢Ƥܲ˹һ춼
ߡׯЦϣԡ
һƽصĸϲ
ׯб۹ʣʲôϲ
뵽ϣ̴Ʊӵݸׯ
ׯӹѸٿ꣬ɫ޸ı䣬ϣʵ˼С㣿Ǹף
á
ׯ΢΢üʲô
ӾƷְĿǰӼڶʮժȡִͿףʮ񾩼ݻ
ϡׯײ˲ϵӣЦǸȫֻϧǸӾȻ㿴ˣĸȻᷴԡ
̧λɣһǸǸȢãȻҲ̧˳Ц

77

ΪãȢΪٲ檡
ׯٹټҾ󣬴λӣָĸ߷硣
ׯ˽ܸͽĻ¸һλռĲ·ʹжϣֻܿϵТԼǵǮա
ԭȢټҵĹӸǽׯǨְТȻǸĳ·κİȻɫ
ׯǰ˵Ůӵ۵ָʱñףֻϧʱѾȥ룬ҲϽƴǣܶ
ȭͷ޻ϣׯ㲻̫ǿӲŮÿ·Ҳжˡ
Ȣȷʵ޿ޣҪʸңȴܸׯκ棬̧Ҳ̭λûسҵľ
϶Ȼĸ¾ģȢҪһˣü檵
ׯ״գҲΪŭֻôˣλҲһŻʺ͹λʥϵˣ
ĬĬȡӣϣδκݺݺ࣬İ
ׯһ㶣ȻԲ۾Ǻ⣡Ѳɻ㲻檣ǲǷˣһӣһСʾƴλӣôλֵܣˮһգ
վĸıԶǣ壬ʱˣиˡ
վסׯ͵һӣվû£ָŽϳӭȢûб֧֣ΪһУ
治ɫ֪δ֮УϹΪݻӼͳƷͬѪͳԲ
ŵڲΣʵ껹ʱ򣬾ͶĸأͬǲƽݣýȢĸΪǻַ
λʮ꣬ĸԾδһ˿ԹԣֱȺɣŲò̧λ
ʺյĵܣǻʾܵʥȴ˿δ
ˣ⣬ĸǣ
ׯٶŲλϢãȻŹֵͷЦָŽҧгݵТŮ㣡Ϊ˹͹ܲˣ
㣬ǹҼ޽ׯ÷ŮޣǸϱǣŮϲûǶأҲһƽ빬վأʵѵ̣ʲôҲǾŵְ𣬵ʱҪڰ
һʱɫҰףŵ˫ֶȻȭĿ޵עׯ촽⶯ȴ˵
ȷһʽͳĸϵ⣬޴ӱ֮
ôңׯɫбŽϣʼĸҲΪã㶮˾ͻΪĿġ
ǿѹŭ󣺡밢మĸȫ
ׯüңȫȻȫֻǽ㹻ƥŵڣİ㣬ȻѴΪ־ܻ顣
ϻۣʣҪôſͬȢţ
ׯ𴽽ǣҪǱͬʺһ𱻷Ϊ̫󣬳ԴöɿЩȻҪΪǰ;ˡ
Դöȣϳÿаӣ
ϴ֪ׯڱλŬȷ쵽飿
Ѳɣðɵȡ
õ껪ǳĺͷʱϵĿ⻹ʱ㵥
λ㵴ӻ˸
һգ϶ڹӼȴԼȴʼղϵӰ
Ѳɣׯͬǰһ㣬ִ
ôأɫ޿޵ģʲôɲ޸ϣ
ֱڹ󣬹ϲٴ
üϣէ֮䣬һ⡣
£ƹ·ӣȹǣһ·ߣ뽭ᣬ㲵գ𾪵̧סգʵôˣǲֱƸˣ
ɫȻָ̧סϵ֣սͷòſڵϣԲ𡣡
ϸеıæסϵ壬Ȼݰɣͷ䡣
Ϸʵȴأ΢΢бڹ࣬ڡ
׷ãϲŽ֮µľ˵˳
ɫ죬Ծǿ󣬱ȻҲǿίȫֻϣܸЩʱ䡣
ƣڳǶϽѾʼ޽԰ؽ֮󣬸ʾͻλȥ԰꣬ʱ򡭡
һæȥλͦõѽҾԸ⵱أ
϶ʱסˣ
ϷԼЩͻæЦЦ͵֪⣬ֻҪû˴ǵĸ飬ҵûѹŵĲʲô
ǰ˵϶ںֻ֣ҪĲ䣬ֶûУ϶ҲԸһ
ǰöˣôܵѾׯˡ
㶿ֻǰǻµĿ˶뿪ʣίʵ˷ĵ׵ú䰮
òŻع񣬾ȻϣҾί㣬Ҽ̳дͳ̾ͽ
䲻һ£æڵ£֪һǻ֮·̫գ϶ֻƽƽĳأ
һЦ˸ϵ޷㲻õģϡ٣ҵĶֻгаϲӣʵʲôûΪ֮ţǲڵĽɽ
֪ǡϼϽϵĻлջǣѽϣоŵ°ľŻðôǿ󵽱̬Ķְ۾
ԼýϾѣھŵԣǲ𣡵ǳǺ
򷢸ɵ˫ʵ̫æˣһҪ糯糯øŶҪ౨ȥӣ糯ӣȥ̫밲Ҫȥãóʱң
һüʱˣЦ̾Ѿͷϵĵλ˵˲ѲɾΪҪ㣿㲻صģʱӡţҶһ𣬻µʱ𣿡
ŤȥŲ輸ͷĽϣĿڲԵҾǲʵۣҪϲǸλӣȢΪҲܻ飡
ɫһʶԣվƵͷȴѾͷŤһߣɱԼ
ô˵ֻϷǿŤע˫ۣüΪʲôǸλӣҵĴҵδҫҲȫĳյĸ
šüͷпԡ
ɷϣŵ²ĳտе콵λ꣬ƽġɨܣ书ǰ޹ˣĺʹڳݡҫǧ֮ʢ
ʹǰС֣֮Ҳ޷ϣ£ĳδ
ڹ˽ϣȥλο
ǵĸһܹ˵ù۶ŽϣֻҪһĶҵİˣҪǸλӡҪң

78

עӹϣ⣬ڱѡɣһֱǸµĹ
£վӭϽϵĿ⣬Ȱ£ѾˣȸΪʲôǵ׷޵ĵλ
һ˼⣬ǵҵİΣȫûбҪֻŬȡ֮䣬˭ɹֻףڷĿ֮˵̫ˣ
Ϸδôܶ϶ǰʾ֮Ŀɲ
һ˳Ĭ
˱žְӿĿã̲סڵ£ֻĵĹһ
ϲЦһ૵ΪҺôĸİΪҺã㲻һչбҲΪҺãһӣվʬµµΪĶȹܽ⣿
ﷺᣬǰסϵ֣ôµµΪģӼ࿼ˣĴβ˭ķâ࿹
ɹдŸɵˣ̫ƽʢʱУҴʱŻεʣδҪһ
ĿŹϣ΢΢ҡҡͷҲ⣬ιʵֱ㱾ǸԸƫһˡ
ɫΪѣȷʵǰäĿŶµҲ轭һչģȴٽ·
˵Եɣһͷ΢΢Ŀ̽㸸׵ĹְǿаһΣҲóĲع˸£ҲһӵҴİɣ
˵һ죬۾Žϣü㡭㻳ΪЭӶλ
ϽסһᣬۿͺˣίĿŽϵϣҲҪҸףҽ㣿ǵĳԹ㣡λͬһ
Ҳ˼æ͵ֻ֪ǲܼвȣ
ûУӼλʲôôֻЭҽ㺦Һ
۾һ϶Ҳ·ҲôӵóѣӦ֧ҡ
ıۣ㲻룬ҲδܵóѣǻλӺ͡͡šϿŽϣǸ֣ŵ¡
εĿЦһ㲻˽ǣ˶Ǻ׳־ˣԳɼ磬ıʿʣߵԸľګԲΪ˶㸸ѯʳŽЩʱѾ没ûĵˡ
ֱƻԭأ֪Ŀǰľƶԣȷʵûκηᴢ֮λɡ
ˣϱ
ͷһβɢ
ǰЩʱգӡ߻ŻŮڽ԰ӴϷ
Ӱ뿪ЦǰׯŮִ
߻üͷ޵һ³ۺ˶Թׯĸɵù첻Ҷ鷳ͻӣ
ſŹԲɫҲЩá
ֿ̧˿ʯͷʵǲ£Ϊ˺£
£Ҳն
Ӻٺһ֣̹׵۶㿴˼ҸСˣ󸸻ָأ
ļٵģ߻۾һ۶Ҳпϵһ찡
һ˷ܵĳǣһӵȴġ
߻æʵɩƯ𣿡
üë˸ӵģƯƯԸ
Ҽ߻üͷһ壬׷ʵļҾ󣿱ϼҵǧɣǿǵܵȿеģ
һüң߻ֻĻЦ
ӽŵϻǸݻϣ
߻Դϸ䣬ȻޣȻƶôЩûΪû˼أ
һԾŻŮЦⶸȻһɫ˲ӣȷϵϣ˵Ǹ°Ǹϣ
һӣЦˣǻ۰ŵİҲиƷĸףǾݻѪͳƷԿȻ˶Ӳ
Ҳ֪Ϊʲôׯͬ׮£
Դ˫˿Ͽ
һ߻ƵۻʾĻ£һʲֻҪӦּׯԣ
ŻŮɫʱһ
ǵҲǣһ󣬡˻ĵһ૵ӻûϵݣ˵ǸС󡭡ܻˣ
ұΪׯӣ룬Ҳû
ܻ飿߻ӳԾӴСҵҲҾܣǱռȻɣ
˼£ǹǾŻŮİҰǰЩʱոѾɡ
ͬʱӺ߻ͬʱζĿŻã
»ڷŵ֮У˿ԼʱЩˣüǿŹ
СɫԾæջߣûٵЦ¡
ع֮ŵɫʼű˪ҲҶʣֻˣھŵԺ
ټ޵ƻͨŵѵû׽Ū̴ȡ֣ǹԹ԰滨ľԲԣϲŭȴ˿Щ˵ۡ
дţǲǽ̸ֳͬЦʱʲôί
ȴŵ²ͷԼ
кηԸæǰ
˫ɫǳͫ٣עµ͵Ϳڵ㣬ǸָԺõļ𣿡
ճ˳顣
ʲô⣿Ǹһͯ뼧ʲôϵСһ﾿ĥЩʲô
糵Ƶת뵽ʺǰѹ־ŵ»֪
ôѵʹϵĹ⣿
ǰҲ²ϱΪŵ¼檵ĿܣɳѲգһֱңȻԹϸݣ˲ûüȥļ
ô񣬵¾ѹϣԴΪɣΪУ
Ƭ̣¶ֻۣòÿɷĴصµĻūΪѡȨڵ
⻰˼ǵ벻Ҫûǿ
ڽشȷǿ϶ԼԹϵȨ
ĬƬ̣ŵ¶Ȼվ˼߷ߵµŮˣƣǳ裡
ȫû׾ŵ۵˭ֻ˳ŻͷӦ˵ǡ
ڶһ磬ӼഺǰԿˣݱĽС
ǰյļȭѾĻλԾǶ½ϡ
Щɵ䣬ԭΧ۱ԣֱδȬֵΪβƣһȥһ䣬ȰΪ
ʱڹӼ¥ƽչ˫ۣȴһȺŮ½ΣһɵĽС
ȻŮδ׵ŵ¾ͶȻֱۡ
ΪѾ׽ϸ΢ĽŲԶ
ͷ¶עŹС߳ȥıӰ
һŮҪڣͼŵ޳ʳָڴߣ˲ҪתϢԸš

79

ϵĸ¸ڸڣпһˣ鲽һ˫ė⻨̨ǰ
ִʱĲ죬ϲЩӣͣڴǰƬ̣⵽ǰСͨ£϶밲
ԶƬ̣ܿ촫һġ
ϴ߽ţϻӭȥЦΪ㻹ҵ
ûЦ⣬ýϾԼԶλѾЭֻðԶĿڵ϶ңҲƵΣյԵ¶ǿŹȥˣˤǺ֪Ƿɼֲ룿
ϱԶ̲סĵ̬ȶЦˣͷ̾Ϣи۱Ҳ޷
ȻеĵЦֺ֮⣬ԾһĻشָкѣǷǷݳ⡣
ϲѻٳǼ¶ͷƫԲ衣
ƴ룬ֻ˵ŵͷź򣬸ȰĻ϶Ѿ˵ˣϧԸӡ
ϼƢֻôǰ͵ԣѾᣬ˳ˣҵλᱻıһǰ˴ȥ𣿡
ϴ˫Ҳֻõͷǡ
ţϻ´һҲˡ
ӿż⿴һϮɫװӰűߣ˫΢΢ǰչ˫ִ࣬ԴҲš
ĲɣƹӰߣȴӦĳϤϢƵĲͷһۣʱõһ鲽ˣ
£Ϻָܿ򶨣ɻô
ֱӣȴû̧ͷ޾ɵעŵ棬ù㡣
Ϸŵã꼰ϣֻòˣֱһͷ
糵Ƶתûͷȿڵ㲻Ѿܻô
һ㶣̧ŵ£Ծ֪¶
²Ӧ̧֪ۿȸϺ˵ĽŲǹϱŵ±һ㡣
Щ飬ϾʱСĿڸ˭
̧ӭ˫ڵǳͫ
µƻ𰵵Ľ˫ǳͫӳޱȣרעд˿ŭ
㱼䣬ϷСһ߾ȻѾܵñ߳ͷƽʱպöžŵ̵ͦıǼ⣬۵ģõĻȣ֬
󱳺һӲŷԼѾǽعӭžŵµĿ⣬Ȼûʲô֪¶
ôܽľ룬վǰƫԴϣ»ʺǰһ
еķŭ޿ɲ䣬ͫӾŵ¡
ãϲӦŵΪŵµŭʼĽԼ밲ԭ
˫ĿĿϲĹϣͷһظе顣
޴ӷ
ʹҲͬϵȨԼģŵȴ޷˵ɣԼϡ
ǰŵӣȴռѰҽڣʼϲ̨档
ϲλҰڲĴ㹬ɵġ
ֱεĽϣŵûг
̺󣬾ŵһԲĮȻתԼĸȥ̹ԹԸСڴġ
ʶŵµռ̫ǿ˳ֵūŴӲϸҲ׼ųڿ¾ͳĹŮ
ԵԸ񣬺ܿܵԼݽĴǳʣҲᱻһڷ
ΪֲС϶Ծŵ£͸ϸ첲šˡ
вʵڲǵʱýϳ棬ֻ˵ɱܻ䣬еԼɡ
뵹檵ľǶǣŵξܶһۣ
һ·У˸ǰСȻͣ½Ųһ񣬾ײ˾ŵº󱳣
æˡһߵúúõģͻȻͣʲô
ŵ²ͷϣɫûвãԳЩ£ڴĳСԶԹϿڵţ
ϣ
ôϸոǾ䡰šôأ
ѵΪ¶ͻȻͣ
ŵҪԼһʽѧϰԾľֹ
ͷ£ϿЦãĵ㱾Ҫŵĺðɣʲôҽţ
ɾŵȻһѡչַȡ񫣬šʵһѯʣûùϾ˼
Թ֮󣬽ţ±㲻ɵĿڵ
ֻùԹǰͼС̧֣Ⲧһֱֻ۳ȵڣùϽš
۾̧ͷС
ϿɿգӸūӵĵ
ƾŵǹʾͷֲɨ˼СʾΡչַȡ£ֻӲͷƤӾŵֱ
ǸоеͶͱ˼
۰˲䣬µıϢʹĲһɻϯȫ
סɨ΢۵ľݣ⧲ͱ˫һ¶ᣬ׽ţ
˵һ죬ǰתһ㣬Щͳ˼Сʾͷȥ
ʶӴƷϢصĿ֮ȭͷһ飬Զǹ˵Ϣ
һŮľ⡰ʷԵһ̡
Ǵĳ߰ľŵ£ȻСŮˣ
ϻڻ͸оǰļŮڳԼʹɫŻع񣬼æת󡪡
Ȼûõлľŵһ
һǰ־ĽӣȲлҲߣοûʮꣿ
۶Сǲزסġ
ᣬæʩлµƵá
ߡŵЦһһİ߹ǰϵޡ
ϸŵ˸¥в΢ٶ۵ĸоһ˿ο
С֪ˣ
ѧŽϵһɹôҲˣŵ»ǳˡ
ͷůİŹϣֱʱ󡭡
ŵͷһȫעĲԣȻ˽ĵһ
̨ϵĹϣڿŵµĺڵ˲䣬৵վŵĿУ
ôܣ
ϱһʱʧ󣬽žƼ³ƳͷĿ̨
ֻĿȸͦҫԼʤ
ϻλãزżȻ
ŵĳˣͬĺһ㣬ʼȲƷʱݵĿģʾԼǿ
Ƿŵչַȣⳡԣ϶ĸܵõŵڹϽϾ
ϣˤǱ֮Уϱŵ¸ɾķѹڵء
أԾԵƶõһ
俴˵ɫóϴʱеɻ󣬶Ȼ
Խ󣬽ϴҴ볡޷׷ǰȰοЩŲ£ձŵµϴǳʡ
գսѧá
ƼӻƺȹĹھŵԡǸԭλá
ͷһƼףΪǸѧͬλãžŵδݵǰʾ
ϣǹ´˹һŻ׵λ϶ɣȽǶǲİ£󣬻Ҫֽ̾ŵµϰϲãȡõջɡ
ģ
ȷʵ°һڣþŵӦ
عŶȽͷЦŴк
ǹԽϿ⣬֣ͯŲҴ߽š
ȽޱķԸȥͷһΣͷ
ͯΣžŵµӰڱ棬Ƚ漴Ŀڵա
̧һۣﵹͦģͷΣռΣôӵָİȻôûƵĸָλá
磬Ȼǹģڽǰô磬Ȼλá
вɰ̾һȾŵ¼ݵոǶνµĻͷȽԭ˵һ飬СֱӸƵݶͷȥ
ҪôŸϻὫɽӰھŵǰ¡
񡭡
ȻȽָɡ£ɡ

80

Ƚͬϴ޷һЩŵµԸϲã̬Ȳ磬㿪ʼ͸¶ԼġԺճ
ɼҵǧ
ϰЦһֲãѹүһѹ̬߸ϡ
ִ˼ôһŮʮͷûжף˳Ըġ·ӽŵ£׵ҲѪ
֮СϷڲס˵ɣʵȴûж⣬ֻԸʹȻ
󣬶Ƚ̬䵭ԼĪһѲ蹦Ƚź֪ĲµΪԼռ˱˵
Ź˻漴һĿڵϰٴƫλŹ̫顢ϰ֣۾ԲԲλãĪ֡
ϱɶЦˣѵϰҪⲻɣ۾ȫԵ
ǰԼҹŮùͷĿ˵ԸҲҶʸʾ˼ǳţ»
֪˳ʱŵ¾Ȼûѧãƴͷüͷ
ʱѾ߽ѧãŵȴû
һԵȽȼˣսСʣƽնʲôʱѧã
̡ϵش
Ƚһһί뽹ɤе׷ʵǽĻûݵѲɶҲ⣿
ϱвһʶЦ޿κεĲͷһۣȰο¶ûأòŲ¶
ʼģֱʱˣûŵһţججĵȵһÿν
һԭǹѵĩԿ˸ռˡ
ԽĻţɾŵǰȥˣһᶪѧá
Ƚ޴׷ʣϼҴ߳ѧãĬΧȥ
һ̽ŵ֪ŵûδµ߻Ҳȫȱϯ˱ԡ
˽ȥʾŵ£ȫ޹ʿԡ
ʲôˣ
ϻѪ֚ӿĴѰ뽭ʶĹټӵܴ̽飬ȴò𰸣Ӽ࣬ΪʾǼȱϯеɻ
ֻ뿪ΧȥʱѧֻʣȽһš
Ƚϻɣʵҵ𣿡
˼ңüҡҡͷת߳ţһľͤ¡
ڿԴĻ䣬ǰʱ򣬷ʲôر£
һ֧ŶͷͷϴӲ̸۳еĴ£ʱ佭ϵʱ״Ҳ֪ʲô
ֻȡ
ʱϾʹҴҸ没ظ
ͬ϶סڽϵլôнϵŻ˵׼ܴ̽Ϣ
ŮںԺ÷ԶԶСͨˡ漴ӭš
ô磿
ɫҴ߽Ժ½ûݸţ
ɻ£ʲôţֻ˵ĸŮȥ
˻ޡԺӴ̽ǰ˶µլжɣҲѾĲ£ȫɸͬš
˵⻰ԳһָĿУȻԹѾģֻʣ³ޡ
ƽʱǺүĲҿģɽȴϾ̸۴£ͷȥլľ١
ǾǸƷĽٻзǽϵš
˳ø׳ȴ˹ϸ۾۽΢΢´촽ҺʵΪҲΪ͡
ˡǰҷ˼仰һ񣬱¸Լȥǰ̽һ
߹ϣȻϵɤ
Ѿͷôˣ
׾Գһ˿ִٵĺΣͷת˹﷽ѯ˵µ٣ֻǱ׷ˣ֪
ⲻ㡣ⲽ߽ЩǸ˱ǰ;˾ٻȴػĸŮǵˡ
ң̧ۿϵػ˵İΣ֮
ЦͣһϮɫ˿ȹϵأ߬һ֧ռµӻɫ÷͸Ź嵭㡣
ۼ俴ʧֱͣϡ
϶룬ˮԾʧȥӦеľ֡
񲻵ûʧ̬Ŀɨɫ죬۽·漴̩Ȼ֣һ¡
败Լ˲䣬һ飬һѪӿϴԣѸǺ죬ӲͦӣΪԼͺغһлĻ˵ڣתƵˡ
ŷԼƺ顱ˣеΣæת˺Ժ
ʶϣ̽Ȼδӡ
֪Ͻ΢ʱͱټ
ȷʵ˴£ضڸĳв֪顣
ֻûظȴϢһȱգλʾûѾڳҰдˡ
޹йͻϮǰʧˡ
Գƣѱɣ°ɣǡ
ϵ֪ʱ׺䶥
ǰȥ޺׵İ˹
Ϊ˹ĸǣ֮ţȴδ˽ѣ
лջǣ֪ӵۻδô£˹ǡ
**
Ǭ幬
ӵԾɼøⲽλʾͷ
ڸ׸ѹֵ£Ϊ˴ˣսɣ
ҳ곯δе˽ѣҳɣЮֹ˼ǽẮ˶ٰģֺĳ
ӵʹļףϡ٣˶Ҳ޿ɱĴͳֱӳַɣİ˻ŮȻ
ܺݵģ
ΪסŮƾ˹ɣǿнףΪȻΪĳʷϴȥĳ衣
ӵɫأ֮󣬳ڵǵ˼أ
ʾͬܵĹһԡ
ãһĿкУͬŴ˵ţսɣ
ҲֻѻתֻǵĵһͦͬԵò飬ʱųû͵ʣҲͬŴţΪԮҹ˷սɣ
ԶԶվŵľŵͲסɤӣЩĿڵʣһս˽İΣα֤
Զʱһü
ȻҪ˹ﻹб֤²ΣĿܣ
ֻǴҶԸװ׵Ľ벻ŻŮȻűȫ˻Ů뷨ʵڽꡣ
ӵԭѾķ˻Ů񱻾ŻŮ⡰ͯ޼ɡһʣʱͷһãоˮʵ޿Ů
ԭ侲ļλʾڸһĺУѹֲסе˸Уһʱ밧ʹ֮Уᡣ
ǿסеĲᣬǰȰοʣܹŻȻԸѳ
ѳԵɴһ˫ǳͫУּʣ˽㻹ڷɣҹҲһʱöذ˽㲻٣
ӵ޿κεĿŻŮȻҪܴ޺ʹˣ
ŻŮ̧ۿӵۣкѣֻǲ˻ɣǣ̽˽Ĵɽ˴ء
ӵۻҡҡͷɣԽթʱսڼǷɭϵʱڣ˭ڴʱɣ
ŻŮⲻѽʲЭͽ˴ɣ˳½
Ÿɻʹɣλᱻʹ׳˹٣
ʹҵˣ˭ƾһֿ֮һ˹ȫأ
ܡŻŮӵ۹ֵԸǱɣ֮ڣضذ˽㣡
ӵһ˵Ҫ޽ˣɣ
ǣһРٿ޷ֱ档

81

РھʱڼٸŨϢطڡʹҩ
ƽʱҩպϢطտڣϢöԷ޷ƾϢأжϳݡ
ں·ϣΪΣҩϢҲԵڴڱպ״̬Ҳɡ
ĳ׵˶ѪͳӣŻŮһ䣬ͫɫ봿ѪͳҲĳʹͷɣһλˣҲ޲ס
ԣⷽȷʵС
ӵȴһڷ˾ŻŮ
ѾһŮһ׵Ůֻգ
ο⻹谮ĺӣ˻ŮҲԸþŻŮðһ˿ա
Ʋ߸ʱϾÿУ㰢žȲˣȫҲѡ
ʹΪһƷʾĽϣǧҲ֮ҪԱԲѡ
ֻǽžеĸУʹαװɾҲģȴͬ
žɫŹΣյаԣȴܽԵֿȻ󣬷ɣ½䱸ĿԼǸֵóԵļı
ɵҪУ׼޳ɾŻŮһ̣ӵȴȻ飬ɫȻûκֵء
ŻŮԭ֣ɸһ⵽ǳ⡣
ӵ۴˽ģδ˺֧֣æ̧־ͻˣ¸顣
ŵͷһ⸸ʺǳ⣬һʱЩ£ĴǬ幬
ʾţͷһغĬûи
Ӷѵ뽭Ͼͷڲ˰ѶͷϸŷֵĶⷨӲ۵˵˵󳼣裬ϾȻذá
ϳĬã˾䣺ѵúܣðգȸʣѰһܴ氢ˡ
գ²ͷüŶ㣬ɣ˵֮أǰķɣҲ뼯ٹսιΣڸѵ˲һ
б˽һۣɸһǵģʾô㡱
ŵһȭתͷȥѰοȴǡû취ⱲǶ㲻һ񡭡
ŵºʧ䣬ͷԵĻشȥˡ
ʱȹ߿࣬ŵ¼ݵŲӿ⡣
ȹԼСʾȻģбѲµ˹Ӫˣֻһת⣬ýʹ
ɴʱֹ˵ϲԹɫȲͿʱµľ
²ֱεĿ⣬ʶĸŲ޲öȥȹ
ȹɫտ뵽ԼŮ˽ѣʱеһ絶ⲻøһ
ȹھŵ¸ǰᣬڳ˲ȥ԰ƽ顣
ŵû뵽ʱĸȻԼͷһ޵Ƶ˫ۣʱеǧصѹϼͷæ̧ŴܳȥҪĸɢģȴĸǿȰο
ȹ߳ţƫбֻʣ¶̴ӡ
ŵ»عĨᣬƷʾվţæҲվ
ŵ̧̧ʾö񣬾ߵԲ£û˷ĸʱһϡ
˽ǹֱֱͷ£Ŀ棬ʵ£Ⱦ橶գɻǵã˹Сʱ򳣳Ը͵͵ιԣȥ޺ǰ᲻µҲ
ŵ´ͷ˿עӣ˽ǰһֱҪЩ
ѾˣҲûлתأȻֲˣա
ɴһ˫޺ۣʲôأ¿˾ķӣ
ŵǳͫת󹬲ⲻֻһ˼⣬취еģֻǻûõʵ׼
ʲôʱ৵վƹԲͳŵȥΪβ׼
ŵ²֪Ҫʲô̧ͷɻĿһ·ߵԼǰҪڣѾϥһԼϹȥ
ھŵۼֿסˣæ
ȻѾһ̱п޺ŵΪβ׼Ϊβ׼£ȾȰ˹
һ䣬ǱĻ̴
ϣʧ̬˫־žŵµǰ󣬿޵
ŵ±ͷ綷ȴҲڴʱ׷һʹĵĸ׵ʧǣҿºܾȻذ˹ֻӲͦ޵û֣˽̧ϲͻع
ڲЪ˰·һת䣬׹ŵڰʾȨڻʵ
æתͷĵȥˡ
ӵ۱Ѿ˼ңʱһӻ
ۼŮ˿޵ðԼ£к˹ʵʱݣ
һڣӵۻҲЩҡ˹ʱĽɰǲᡣ
ڶգλʾͬڸλ󳼣ּɣ˵˴˼ƲߵĿԣط˷ɣսڽӵ˿ڣƶС
׸ձ˼Ժ͵飬ѡʹڣһ̡
ûʾ֮лɣļƻֻлҼλس֪
ȹеľŻŮӵиӡһԽ²û¸֪ĸֻ˵ȥϰ
**
磬϶ڹӼΧǻ
Ӱģ˭ıӰС
ѾδϴûԼ˲Ӧ֪ŵʱһǻӷᡣ
վÿ׼Ǹ⣬οԼСûҲԵǸԼ׼ġ
ʵϣԼʵ£
̶ȵǣҶǣйʮֲϾŵ³Ϧദʮ꣬óóȻֿ˼Ҳ⡣
ҪԴ̨ϵĹȥŵõļж棬ʼ䵱Сʱļɡ
һʵĽǶȣֿ˫ȣ鹭Ź
ʸȻɳɣ׼ͷʵҲ
ϲʧЦԭֻҪģԼǸֻܼҽż
뿪£ĪԼȴǰǿöࡣ
ͷ˷ܣγֱ֮۱Щʹˡ
ϼĨͷϵĺˮٴξ𹭼׼ģȫ
ֱѾʼ΢΢лһĨȻǿ󣬻¹
ֱɲǣȴ˺Ȼס𣬶׼˰ģ
ϲתͼһϮʯɫԼ鹭Ҳ˴һֻż⣬˴³ĳǰߡ
洹ֱ˫ȥ
Ϥڶ𣬹˲ۿ̣죬ûԼСǰ޳ԶİȴɲǱˮģˡ
ְֽһĴġ
Ҫ˾ǣߡ
ɿæĨᣬɲתֻѹŽ¼ʵʱ

82

꿪Ҫ·ϵʱ䡣
ǧ˼һȥҪ·ϵôЩӣ
ѲɡȥҰ˹
ת۾ŵ¡
յůббžµϣܵĽëڹ»ɫĹΣǳͫ°߲Ӱ
ôᣡ
£֪ҪȥĶܸź𣿡
ŵ¹һߴǣ۲תһȦƫԴ᲻ù£
ҲҪɪ
ϲ˸ۡ
ŵü
Ȼ᲻ãϸæҲԳȻСۣǼղ֪ߵغˣ
ŵüͷչزУ㡣
еĲ²ֿ϶߰˷֡ŵҪȥɣˣӦȥȰ˹
Ȼ֪˹Ƿܹþȣپŵ²¡
ɹﻹǻŵý۾ĶŽµһƸ
ıþŵ·ǳ⡣
̴ӻعȡ˿ƥԼһĸͷ棬ʹ͸
ϣ
ǵСбֱţҪڹϲµ¹ˣǿʧǵѣҲһְӡ
ԹϷԼʧ̬ŵûŵͷȻŵ»̴ӱ͡
ôͲأ
᲻˼ͷ
ӣֱ߾ŵ£ؾصûٶһۡ
صΧ˹ϱӼ԰ɢģʱͼԶһϤӰһȺͯĴȽ
һ˺ȻָϺ˾䡰
Ƚקȹһ·񱼶
վûɻĿǰߴŴ߶϶ļŵأ
ϣ
ȽһѳסĺˮͿ֬۶ˢǱĿŹϼװˣ֪ŵˣ
ϲɫĽװʲôŵˣ˰ʱˡ
Ƚʧյľɫ߷ߵΪʲôûǲ֪ͨң°¶ûУ
Ŀ˵ǲǾµ˶Ƿģʱ¶ڵһλ
⻰ҲŸ˵ˣϵµǸȾŵ»ͻߵˣûҪɺɫ͵¹æֻȥҴңҶûüڣֵֻͼˡ
Ƚã૵¡ģ
δʵ˼еôܹأȻصǱգ˳֪һš
ȽɵĶһҲ޿κΣ׸ˡ
**
ɣλھһϣܶҶǳغڡԼķ˵سϮӶᡣ
ĳĴӵǰʱѾԪ£ŵͷһںϳһꡣ
ɣĶƺƵ˵߱ǰ۵ĺֱ³ʱǲͬŵһРʹƺƵĶ飬̤
ſվһʿӰ˴ſһ壬ͷŸ߸ߵͷڣβ࣬ȴʮ־ϸĵԳ̬֮
Ƿɣ
ڶ֮䣬Ŀ⾲ɨһʿ
ɣͬȺ͵Ķ飬ȷЩƽ̴֮ϲ¶֮ɫ֣صĽʹӭ빬
ɣԼĸȴԻĳΪ٣Թĳ˽κ谭
ʹ÷ɣﱨ֮ʱɣ⹧̧֣ʾĳĸＴɡ
൱̶ȵأóɣȷʵȿĳ˳
ֻϧѡһǡĿˡ
ϣɣδҪˣԣͬʹڶԻĳ̬ȣͷҪĴ¡
ʹĳسֵշжȣȲԳֵ飬÷ɣթҲ̫Ӳĳˡ
ֳֻǡô棬УʾĽ
ɣմͣдʹٱǰԴʹϴ
һҹڽѰ޹鲢˳һͷȻܽһ˲صӰ٣ʵڽ˷˼
ֱգˡ
ɣĳ裬һڰԭĹ켣չ
λˣĳͳˮ裬䳤ɣƮƮҡҡһ裬֮ѩ֮գ޹Ŀ
ɼˣȴɴݣһ˫ɫһӲ٣·ҫ۵⣬ڻ˲䣬ȥ˷ɣ˼
ɣ𾪵ķ¾յһ½ݣˣ˿ʱʱֱۣȴ޷ƿĿ⡣
Ϊݣɣɼˡ
ӦͣˣվһţҲ֮Ȼֹ
ǽֱֱ룬΢°ͣۺЦŷɣ͵ʹδѡˣȻʾˡ
ɣһ㶣δѡˣĪ಻йˣ˵ţֱֱǽˣҪȥƿɴ
ȴϣ𣬳䶸Ȼɣ͵һ㽫˿֮⣡
ڶʱȻعҪǰ
ɣȴֹ̧ȼŨҵ£ֱֱסˣٴλʵ˭
ǽ˲ŷɣеⲽʼһɾ롣
һ˫һдջƣȷ˵Ƿɣɽ½ޣдµˣƯΪһýɡ
վڵǰĴԶʱǺԾĿˡ
ɣתͷԼİͷЦֻ֪£ȴ֪˵磡
ü壬ɵʤ
ǵȻɣٴδǰҪȥƿɴ
ȴٴ䣬˦ͷ󽫣ˮ㣬¶а֣ԲԼɴ
˲һƬ֮
ɣǾɫã˿͸㣬Ҫˣ
˳ǣͷ°۶ס֮ʱٴ䣬ɣ
ɣŭЦָŽ˵ֱֻСԱҰĺܣ
Цһһ㣬ⲽ㿴ˣԱ
ޣʲôɣ˫۾˸
ֱֱڵ֪һֽۿ³ӥηɲս
ÿʮֻۿ³һֻӥкࡣ
һֻһˣ˱϶ǿߡ
˰ұ࣬ԱԣҪռңͱõҵϿɣ
ɣʱѪӿһһֻ࣡Ϲˣҷſģûĸǹ˵Ķ֣ѡˣ
䣬͵̧ˣȴû뵽˲̧֣ٴ䣬Ľ˦ǡƵǽԡ
˹ߴǣЦ͸Ųаԣɤƶˣǣ֤ҿ

83

һƬɣվ˿ģ˹ϵ
˫ۣǽͫˣʣҪô֤
ǵɫ˫һҲЦ⣬һüһ̧۶緢̹ȻŷɣʿڳɱϾۣ²Ŀ
ɣ΢ɾ裬Цһ󣬻ͷˬðĿ
һվԼһ¡
Ȼܲ²һ˫ȫ佫ȻΪһλˣǰ;ȥսʤԼĹԣԽӮעǷɣ
֮Ȧӣ뷴ΪԼӱġĳʹܹ͡ѡ˵ġ
ôһɣɷѪŵõ䱦ػᱶ䰮ڶԼƴӣ㲻ʵˡ
˻˱װУ
غϱǸˣδñԽԳ̫Եһ浹ơ
Сʤ֣ɣƾеļ
̶ȵĽŸУǡôɣսϢȼˣȻ⽫ı֣ϣԴС
ÿÿʤһ֣һЪķɣΣ˫ȭգĹâȴǷŭֵ
ǸľѹֽЩɣ深ٲʢ
һ㹦򣬶˾ʤɣʤЦ⿴󡪡
ֻͫ۽üҶŵЦ峺޲ȴƺ޾֮̾ɫ
ôǷеˣɣĿơ
ĬȻǰ΢˫ǳͫеĹתЦ⹭͸ƵģԵó£
⣿ɣֽݵ˸ǰ¶ϷŪЦ⣬˲һ⣬Ƿˮ
´΢΢һҲѣӹŵаٲ⣬ģѧŷŷɣ̬վȽŸ
ȴ¶ѧڲصţƴٳľٹ
ںŬŰģҵĴֱǶȣȴ粻֪ȥͷ
ķɣʱǿЦ⣬һЩʼOO@@Ľ̸Ц
Ǿǿ赶ŪǹʱĹзӦ
ǳͫ΢жһʯĹΪģȴɽӲ
˱ʮβġ׳󡱣óƷʾڴʱ˿̣ΩΩФʾһʱľ֮С
ʱαװȫ˫ۣΧ˵ߣټǰЩ˻ɾ裬ʱ˿Ҳɢˡ
ʸҽż⣬ϣڹ˹ϳȫ̡

УоһƬŪЦپɫľվӦô
Ϊ˰£ͲҪյı졣
ɣǰȰοû˰ַ
αˮ˦ɻҲȫߵϣϾʱҲδʹѡ
ͫ˳˶£һ˫񡱵һһۡ
һ䡰¹Ȼñ¡ͽзɣ˲ʧȴеĳǸͷƵģһͷɫࡱ˷֮У
󣬷ɣһһ׼ȷŽ²õӣһ
ɣ޲õҹĻľɫ
ȴƵоź˵ǶҪĳһͬл
û֮ҲҪɣз֮ǡ
ɣ˼ĴӦˣ˴ѺĳװϽ˵á
󣬽ͫٴοڣҪԸеķ׾С
صǼ򵥣Ҫ󼸺ʳǵĸߵʿȫȥĺڣΪ»ҷ
ɣֻһ̲ܶȣֲԸС˵ԸԺԥͶӦУֻԼԼһѰ̴ӡ
˴ϷɣҵĻɣ۳ԡ
ţһ֮𡪡
һ¹ڲŮˣڶ͸Ľ£Ѻ
תţֻһۣͱ˽ǲΣĻһȵһͷס߬ȭͷ
һ˲䣬ӭķɣеһɼвսϢ
Ŀ棬ͼԭͷȻվŵĽͫ˺Ȼֱӣǹ
²ȣһȻⲽڹУڿ޺ĳ
橴˿֮У˳Լǵûƽҵ
޺֮ʱŻŮ߻һأ˿ܹ뵽ǰӰħצľŻã
ɣİվڹðǰͷлȥʳԲɣѰ£ҲҲ࿹ˣ
ǽͫ˱Ųͣĳǰ̧ǹɢҵ޷ͷҲأֻȻĻش£Խˣɱͷ
䣬ǹΣյϢ˲ͳɺ˵սϢأ
㡭˵ʲôɣ飬˫Ŀ԰ɿǽͫˡ
ֻ̧һȺжĳ֮ƷһƬ͸ɤ֣صһʣֻĳʸʤΡ
˵꣬˱תһ˫һӷӥֱֱķɣ
һɱϯ
ɣֱŵһɺͷɲʱѪɫʾ
˲εǰֱֱĳĽͫˡ
˹ǣ·ͷĳĸ߰һһٵʣֻҸϡ
һɱƵ˺һϽŵĿ־壡
ɢԹΣս
ʣʲôʣ㣡㾿˭ɣͷѷѰ죬ȴζ޷һز
˿̶òһ˼⣬ʱŵٶŲλ
һǳͫ׷ķǴ󣬳ĳΪʣǴеĳƷʾ˭
ɣĸһݣ־ͽǰԼŴӺŴܳ·ӣ
һͷɣһ·ȣȴֻһȺԵ̴ӡΧ׷½ءҵƿ̴ӣĬĳʿԸķ򣬿񱼶ȥ
ʱ䱻޵ɴܼ䣬ԶǵƵĵƻȼϣ
ɣһн
ſڵһ˲䣬䶸ȻһһѺֱֱ󲱾룬дûմһѪ
ȻγɣϢԵڵأֻʯשײƵһ죬û˶
һϮɣӰѵصתӻصš
ͷ˹ԾɻҵİŹǽ޴ҪĹ
ֱһ˫ů֣ٴĺһ׹ϥѣᱧ
ſң橵ɤѾв֣͸Źɽ֮˰˻ơ
˽㣬ûˣǻؾǡ
ɤѹʹȴʧȥǵĽ侲ľګ˫ۻ̧𣬿űȼӡ
׼˺ö⣬ҪǳԲ꣬ضѧþȥ㡣
ľګ˫۽ˮһĹ۽ǡ
ģֱ̧ۣ§סµĲҧ´˻̶ִĿȴǲϴӿڱ
һ·ȺɵڶڡԸķɣʿ෴һˣǾŵԭȶõĽӦ㡣
ɷɣĴһϤӰһ󻹸ʱĺſ
һϢżȶ켣оСܿҵ˺ĳӦľ֡
СȦϼװ塪
ת﷫˷ˡ

84

תԪڣŵԾѶ
ϸӼ˼٣ڼգԭΪӱȽľ׷ʣһĻָ̿޴䡣
ôˣûɵġߵԡ
ûӦʯϷ
һȹǶյߵûԼȥƻƣ
ϻع񣬳ٻתת飬ޣԼˣҸˡ
ʲôϵɴ۾
ؿһۣ˼Ҷ¶ûôż
һǽͷһԲӣ˼ҵԼиʲô£ܵ˵ͷɣ˼Һô۴ĵԺΪ
û¶ϵȻ͵⵱ڱһûͻأҪӦˣǲŽû
ϸˣûͬͻƣΪʲôúöġ
ϴϵҲˣΪϵľŻóȥˣͷһأǺֵܼĲ£һ˶ĵģĶͻƣ
Żãз۾ϸ룬ǸµСӣ
šϲЦһ״ûŵ£ͼÿعﱨʱŵǺ˵ֱˡ
ϳƬ̣૵Ǻӱ㻹СͷذɣôĺӾˣֵ˵ĳӲأ
ûӦֵҪȥתת
̧ŮգȰЦˣûͬһͻˣ󰡣ߵλҲռˡ
ϲͷϣаٸнȷÿԪڣ͵磬ھŵźţѾǲöûһͻˡ
ã϶ȥͻơͷϼͷ˫Ƶĺ΢΢תʲôֱЦȵȣȥϻͷδϣ
صԷϽ¹ϵһֻСľ񻨺ȡڲ輸ϡ
Ѿһϸ򿪸ӣͷһð׺ëƵö䣬ոոµģһûϻҡ
ë׵ö䣬ǹϴǰָŵ·ƵС⡣
ÿԪ϶ŵ´ö䣬ƭС˵ǴԵ硭
ʱСϵӤʻûʣһö䣬ɰѹϡˣ
ϧǰ꣬һ͵ϣиŸޣڻʾϯ棬ùֽġ
ͻ̫ˣƳͷˣ۾Ŀ
޵ͷϣҲһö䣡
ʱ򣬾ŵ²ŸյͷѾǸͦҪӵСʾˣôűĿǸԼͬöޣĬĬһ˲
漴̧֣һ¾ͰԸͷ϶ŵö䳶ϣ
һŵ߻ӻأ˵ǡôժˣɰ
ⲻϽ
Ϊ͵ϯЩϵʱͱŵ´һԣ״ŵԴͷˡ
ͷϱԹôڹҴ红أСײ
һ͵С˵˹ϴüʮۣί񲻸Ҷ롣
Ժ󣬾ŵ¾Ͳϴˣ
ϻ˼ȡһë׵ö䣬סЦһȥױ̨ǰžӸԼ˷ϡ
죬գʲôأͻأ
ϼŮͷһë׵öʱֿ˻ȥֻߣ˲ӣŮ˸
зԴżĸŮҲþˡ
Ľϣ죬ǾյأˣĶƺƵڳο͵Ľֵ롣
һҰߣ뻶ֵγĶԱȣĪ˷ܡ
ڻ̯˺üֻߣһֻģƭŵ´ϣѰϵİο
ôᣡ
ľʵҲմɵģϺʵһЩԲˡ
ϻͷȥϣװ֣תͷƼķûнעԼϣǲͷרעĿʲô
ѭĿ⿴ȥƼڵƻоĿˣĶ߹¶ǰеЦ⡣
һͷ͵ޣ貵ĵƻ£ȾɫĹ⻪
ٻͷƷˣǡ۾᲻գһ¡
ϵһӦЩգϾԼױһôĳţЩӦܵľʹǰ
ʱһȺֵĺͯȺķ϶зɴܶգۼ䣬һֺСкײȶϡ
ͨһ죬һ򣬱ķһӳǰס
Ǻˤ˸ƨɶףǺ«ڵأһպϵ廨ЬͷϣôճЬˡ
С۵һһʱ޴ɵվţ˵
ΪȥСû뵽үǶ־ͰϽϵǺ«Ҳ࣬Լӣϸϸİ廨Ьɾˡ
ϣ˺ӻأ
ˣŵý˼գ
ϱŹֵľٶˣһϯ˼硣
վ˽ɫȻŵľٶûԣʱŷԸˡ
ɲǼ䣬磬һɾΥΣƼհ㸡ǰûջֻЦůů߹ȥϵĺӣֻǺ«ȥ
˶ԡ
ڷɣĸûǰرŵϢ̽ӡ
ֻܸɵţΪΨһһ֪ŵ»ƽˣıʵǲȽϵ١
ڼдǹؾصѧȥˣ´ӭӾŵ¿ĻᣬĻӿɾͽảȥˣСָҪء
ȽѾͣˣɸڹϻѧõĵڶգδʱ󣬾йĹѧã빬˵Ҫͬ𻰶
Ƚһ˵ϣʱǵ÷ˣȿھʵֻҪһ빬Ҳǰ
µ̧һۣɻҲǾŵµİλǹϹֻ˹˹
һʿɰȽҭˣŬ𲻳бϵﶼỨˡ
æǰ˾䡰Ҿǡӽ˹
ߵʱﻹţҲΪġӡǾŵ¡
ֱ߽·̴·ŹķߣŽ˿ġ
˵𻰣ⶼ˴ˡ
·̴ӽŲͣĴ˵Цˣǹĵضסǳ
˵һ죬ͣ½Ųǡǲĸ
ǹŲͣ½Ų뵽ׯ룬ȽЩӼ
϶ʱȭͷׯټʲô
ϵȽŶ·ˣԼһžŵ»ȻһټͺͿĽ˹ؿҪضˣ
ϴͳɰݸ·̴ӣǿ򶨵æ𣿲ټʲô£Ͻȥ֪һ
̴һ㶣ͷƺɰҪſڣٰͷͻȻһȺ̴Ӻ͹ͷӿܿ·ˣȥ
·̴ӺׯϵĻʹмΣʱЩǷ˴£æǰסһʶ̫࣬ʵôˣ
̫༱صŵ»عˣ͢Ѿȫȥ̫͵ˣҲȥӼݣ𵢸飡

85

Ϸﻹת÷糵ƵģķӣһŵͲˣ۰Ͱͳ·̫࣬ʲôҲˣȥŵߣ
·̫໹ʣͱɫҴҵ̴˦ӣ۳һȺ˾ܵûӰˡ
ϸæǰߥ޵ҲЩȥ̫͵ǰϰգ
̫šüͷԶӣҡͷⲻɣû׼ﻹڳأ۵ȥһۡ
æλ˵ˣӶȥˣһҪ˵ˣððʧʧգɾʹˣ
ׯûȥأһʥ٣̫͵ǰӭŵµļݣ˭ﲻɣõģ
̫ž۽Ǿ̫͵ϣһȥȥ
æȥصҵһȥҪһ͢ţϸô죿
ֻ̫ðҲϡ
˼ҴҸе̫͵ǰʱ㳡Ѿѹѹվһصˡ
·̫ͷҲ̧ͷվˣתԴϻӻ֣ʾ͸ڶĩβ̧ͷ
˼غӣתͷϾ̧ԴĴѰҾŵµӰ
ΰЪɽ£аһ滨ľӣʵۻʺ󶼻ûͷһѾؾصˡ
ӡһԵϯλϣӣ߻ӺͽҲҴҴӹϯλϡ
ûƼŵ£˻ŮҲû·棬Ҳ֪ûоȻ
ֵƬ̣ڵźһ޿·ϼݵ
ϸ˳ӭݣ
󣬿ŵٹٴӶţڸ󳼳¡
ͷһ仰壬ԶԶŴҲ֪æЩʲô
ʱ̫У˻ŮŻŮ
䣬еŤͷȥȴṳ̂ţƵĻعͷͼŵѾͷӴ룬ɶ̨̤ף󻹸ŸݳĹ
϶һƣǰ˻ŮжʱлллСб¡˹Ȼˣ
ѾϸԻʾ˶Ǹոջعϴæ˹ķ϶ͺͺģҲûױݣԵ쳣԰㲡
ﰲ˹ԶԶţҪȴǰ࣬ڰȻֻҪݣҲѡ
ʵȻǰˣһžŻŮļʱ֡
ǲּŵ䣬һδܷĻʾλȴӻ߳һȡ
ͽʥݣϸڹ㳡ϰ˳ɧʱ˹ͷĶУ˳ӭ͸ӵȺһţӽʾŵƲҲӦƵü
ǰʱѾ޳һƬ˹ͬһţһԻΧżӸźȰĨᣬͷʾΧžŵ½̸
ϵĴװ빬죬ʮۣڻʾһأһ˫Ӿ;תϵλá
ӭĿ⣬ΪԼѾˡ
ŵµĿȴû϶ͣܿתؼλʾϣµļ̸
϶ʱһأŵô
һʱԭأ֪νˡ
Ȼоֱ۱͵ؼסϳԾĻعͷͼվԼĬļ첲ż뿪
аԽ㣬ȻǱˣһǱʣ˵ׯټɣýԼΪʲôҪǰա
һ͵ýһʣҪˣŻͷһۡ
ԾɱԼŵϻŵЦ⣬һ˫һЦЦĶżֳ
ʱʱҲɨһ۹ȥķ򣬶ԳЩ꣬ȴûкֹ
϶ʱеһŨŨľŵôܾôԹۣѲ뿴֣
ȣĶţһ͵ñһӻΣʱֻܵˣֻ˳ӵ߳˲š
ŵ¼Ѿսţ̧ȭڴ£ɤӣʾֻʽȥȰοȰο˹뿪ǰš
ϸձǽݡ
˵ׯټԼⲻþҪֱȥţһͰˡ
˵ǶټɽѾ⿪ټԲ빬
˵Ǿŵ£ովŵԹ۵ɣͽй˰أһʱȷСǷ
һͼˣ̧־Ҫѹס첲ŵһӱۡ
Ԥеʹȴû֣һϤĴɤȻ𡪡
ǹ´ġ
ϲ̧ͷǰǽ²ÿĻȣ˫ɫ΢ŵϥص´빬ǲ뾪˵ģȴƼˡ
ʱɫҰףͷӦְʲôûƼŵˡ
°ɡ
뿪̧žŵ£ͷڿ
²ͷߣӭĿ⣬΢΢ţƺ鲻
ɻĿžŵ£ϰ˾ŵִζЦ⣬һͳģʵûʲô⡣
ݹ϶ʵᣬŵĿǰ̬ƺΪʲô¶⡣
ôǲǼ£ƫԴǳͫƤע
Ȼڵɪ
׾ŵ·ΪμװûƼˡ
Ϊ˽ԻΪ˼ԼŵµľڳӺͻʾûš
˽°ƽ򵥣Ҫһǰִ󣬴ȻҪࡣ
ϲСӦı¸еȻ
žŵɨ˲䣬Ͽν˿û϶ΪԼأ
˫ĵɫӣϲ̵Ҳûżأ
ȴǹԹԵ͵Ȼնż¹ûǱ»ׯټͣҪȥء
ŵǵЦһǹɵɪͷȻ˵ˮֻ㬵ĵͷ΢΢һתšüͷͷϣʵׯ
ϲ֪⻰ĶСˣæګګͷ
ʲô㲻Ѿܻôŵ²ƽ
æ˺һСĴܡׯ
ŵµ⣬ƺȫŷһ·ˣ̧ͷĿԳһ𺣬㻹ûġ
ϿЦãׯǰ޲ԼôصȰܽϣȻ׼вԶ¡
ŵ»浱ԸİǸģ˶ء
ϴ״ׯû˼һֱͬ͸ϵĻ¡
䣬ϵ°;ͱһֵֻס̧𣬾ŵ´ͷսüңϣʲôʱͬ˲ˣ
һ⣬Ҫѣ°ͼȴŵµָţֻòʧˣˡ
ŵ΢΢ǳͫĿζĬãſڵҲһµ֡
ϣͲֱ䣡
ˡ
챻СˣٸʮӣҲֱǳ۵ְ
ɾŵ´˿ȻڿЦӸ꣬ľǺ汻˳ƺֵĸо
ϲŵµֻüѵſڣ˿ûڣͲĵһ
ŵ·սɿ֣סüôôС
Ѿŵ˵вϽп࣬ǰԼĶ㶼ɱˣôһѪޣôҷɾ裿Ȼʱעִ硣
ˣ߰ɡ
ŵתŸǰʵҪȥ
㲻ҪȥôҲ˳ȥ̽ׯ
ϣ
ƣȥ̽ˣȥʾȨ
˼ׯû˼϶桰δšеԩ

86

ǰǸ·̫࣬˿ڳ⼱ִ黨ת
Ĺﲻ֪٣ͬӽ
ôûӣҲȥֻܵѺʻˡ
ƽţŤͷƼӰһǰһߡ
̫͢ƤӶģһƣӻƵСһԹūŸŵ밲
ŵ۶ûֱ̧߽ţͷŵĹ·̫ʱ˶ٽŲ
̧̫ͷһƣǹϣȵſڣȴûҳͷ빬
̳ͨͷ˾䡰ŵ¼ݵ
ׯҲǰŻعջԷ¹ڷһʱôױ̨ǰվŮҴҽͷط٣㼲ӭӡ
ŵѹΪʽδУԳνʱδ䡣
ׯɻıԺ
̧ʱŵվŸ紩ŲǹòʮֻϧŵһٳڵɫҲԲһ˶Եͦġ
˿˼䣬ԽϳԺ󣬾ŵתơ
ׯԼĻʾָȻͬʺǰ㣬ͽŵ£˹ϵһֱΪ룬벻ŵ½պι̽Լ
һѲ󣬾ŵֱ⣬ϣׯټµİ𻰣֪ν£
ׯһ㶣̧ͷȥߵ輸ԵĹϣګګλλѵǹ˼
϶ׯ밲ϹؾصĶׯ׸
ׯͷһ۾ŵ£ͼԷǳͫбԼĿ·Ҫ
ׯһ飬æͷΪǿѵϣʱŵɫɷס
벻ŵ»Ϊ˸ūţԳ桢ݻ
ׯٳٲһȻ˿ͣڵɤҲЩƵвζﲻ˵Ҫ»رô
ׯæ̧ͷһǲصģ²Ҫᣡ
ＱҪƲԼ˵˼Խһתʹæ͵ƣö־˶ܰԵ߻صġ
𻰶϶ķ治⡣
벻ͨׯúöģΪԸڿӰԸඡ
ʵ˵Լѹвϲ׼ӽ£˵׼ŵ»ʶʱ񣬿
۳žŵµɫϯֱӣϾܿ϶ׯǸǳ۽ˣ
Ȼׯ䣬輸ͷһߡ
´ĮȻʲô˼˵ķ治ɣǸ£
Ŷķ涼ͦʲôľֲţδطǵǽǣⲻûݡ
ǽǣݣ
ׯһ㶣һƬհףβŵ»˼
δɵСʾ˵ģ
ׯʱĿһԽ⡣
ǿžŵ³ģӸտɲŶãСëѾ˼˼Сˣ
ԸǷͣׯֱھ٣
ⲻôʵ˵Ըأ
ѾˣׯʱƲϵͼˣֻ˳Żͷ˵˵ǣ¶ǿһȰټˡ
𳤴֮󣬹Щ಻סˣڸžŵ³·ϣСѯʵ£ؿΪ͵Ļ·ˡ
⻰˼ǵôеĻţ
˵ίЩС£䲻ǰͷ˾䡰Ӧõġ
ϣ
ôӦõأеˣŵʹһӻأ
£ϸ׼̯ƣʾԸҪ˵ģǰͷŵľŵ¾ͻȻסŲǻͷЦһָգЦ
˳ָȥԼƼһСڰתһСľͱСɹתעɻʵʲôѽ
ŵתͷսë¸һ˫Цһӣ֪
СһʹŪԵòӵ²˵ˡ
䣬ϵͱץתһ°ͣקĵ
ϱǣһ·ȥ˴Žһ˷ܵĴƫ﷭ľӣ򱡴תǰױƵöľиӡ
һƾŵŨŨĺ֪϶ƵжС⣬Կʱæ˿һСһ˵ķʲôġ
ϸһƣȴǸʲôٲǻġ
ǺСǻɫģ糤̣ӹճģʲôô
ŵ°ͣǳͫӽëȲĶסϣȴûȵϾϲɫȻһЩʧ
ѡ
ɻǷϴתǸ
ŵ´ӺץһѣʹŹ߳ƫƺҪչʾСı¡
ϸںͷһ·԰žŵѡ˸յضվãһѣ˫һ꣬Ƕƽȵķ죬ͦ׵ġ
ϺܾȣҲһѧžŵµŴ꣬ÿһ־䣬ԥģ
һСֲ֧
ϲŸǸ˳вȱصؼ˾ŵ·תǸԣǷٽ䡭
ŵ°뿿һʯϣȽƫͷŹϲϼѣ׾һ꣬ȥִ˲ƣĸĴꡭ
Ȼ䣬һѱŵˣ
һߣ˵أȴѹϸ˻ˣ
Цüۣߵ߶ȥֻɳɹѣǿס
ŵɫһ˫ǳֱֱͫŹϣ΢΢̵ǿһ˿Ц⣬ȷǼרעġ
ϻͷһγɹľϲУǰͱһӰȥһ롣
δü̧ͷ˱ֽ̧ӹֻѡ
̧ͷŵ´ѣ۶һ㿴š
ϲһѧϰɵģɵֱžŵѡ
ֻѱŵºģ͵һ꣬ȻٳŹϵϮ
ϵһ㣬ܵӲͷۣ
ɲǼ䣬պȻеһʪĴУоǡѲʱŵǿڡ
ϾۻعͷͿСѾµűԼ·ػصѣŪ
װúո˲ĳһ
϶ʱǺ
ֲһšѣŵ¹Ƕ˫ۣƵ۾Լɻ£
£ҧոʲôˣ
ŵҲ̧ۣĻ˻ѣ˵ǡСĴˡ
ϣ
˼ϱǿأ
¶ܾôҹȥܲС˭˳ľȥһڣ
һӻʹ¶˻׽֤ųȥöѽ
ͦӼ£Ѿˣ¶͸øҵ

87

̫УվʯשϣӰӱͶһԵĻԽԽ
һֻųӻϷӹŵڽɫϦͷƹȥȻܿϵߡ
ϲݣĵĿڵ£ѾˣܸǰƵãԸɰָűոҪǱƼˡ
Ƽôţ
ŵºĻعͷɫȻЩ⡣
ϻ˵һ룬䲻һײЩҧͷȻȻȥСոա
һ°ͣüŹϣֱ׳ոˣԣˣô
ĿɿڴͷСֱţһˣ
һµĳƷʾ͵͵˼Ҿһڡ
̯˵¶һﻹˣ˻ôţ
ϵײӲӲƼҲȷʵôţҪȥŸʾûܵģ˵׼˻üһڣ˱˻ԡ
ֻܴݺѪ̡
˵ôϿ֧֧ڣϱ;ͨö࣬϶أΪӦԴ
ŵƫͷЦһͷֱ׳㵹ǻеĵԼˣǹ¾͸㽲
˵ġɶԾ硯ǻںǣ˫ϵӣȾ
ͣо֣֮㵱յǾְءͿصĶΣõľԼ֡
һôˣһôˣ
ϣô
СȿڲţǼܲ¶
ŵӾͿˡ
һԼΪӸҲӦõģһȷʵǴ¡
ŵ¼ɵ㶵ı˵ˣͻظ
һ·ţǼ⣬ŷĵò˳ˡ̧ŵĽ£ϰݵĿڵ£ͻǾòףūūŸþְǰūţȷʵõԼǸװ׵ľ
ǣơ¶һūŸþı֣檵ְֻܾūŸþְ¶ֹӦȷЩ
ŵľŵû뵽ŲϷţۺ˿鲻ԸĻعͷ̬Ȱο˵㣬һҲḺģֻ񸸻ʻڳﱸɣս£ʱҲʱ¶
ϵһɴ۶žŵ£˺һż£ͲǱΣֻϣôԺҪ˵ģ
΢˫ͫעŹϵԺȻǹµˡ
𾪵ºγԣͲǸޱİεº˵µۣѾ䣬˼ˣЩʱվ͸ôȥĲˣ
ԻڳԣƵóһɥź˰
ϼ״ЩᣬҪȰο䣬ͼС͵ػعͷƵ𴽽ǣݺݵŶûУ²ߡ

һ¾Ͳˣü粵ôôԵأֲǹŮҲûûˡ
СüңЦδطǵý
㡭ԭΪ뿪»ǲᡢǷŭȴû뵽һɣ
ҪֻţҲ͵ôЩıӶ飬ɾŵ㶷־ˣģȴ׾
δص˼𣬶ϲǵϵϣֵù
Ƕ˵λˣһһˣֶΣ϶ȷԼӳģĿǰΡ
ô۸ˡּί
Ц⽥ɢȥĿŹϽۿòſڵ۸𣿹»Ȣ㣬Ƕ裬۸
飬ǿ˵ԼϵìܣֻܴͶ˵Ȣһమľ󡣡
㲻ϲ£
ϲֱԣʵӦԼϲ𣿻ֻ˳֣ռΪУ˵鲻˷ҪͣܳŵֻȢһ𣿡
ŵ΢΢һ˼Ƭ̣֣ص¿Խ檰լء
ϿЦҡҡͷףܷģլӻƱ
͵İ檣°ھ⣬Ưı˰ͷӣһ̶ȥ
½ȣŹϣһɻôôŹֵҪ󣿻ʾӸλڶ࣬͵ȹ֮Уһ޸һѰ죬ⶼǸȡȻ򡣡
ҡͷΪ˸ʻʾĸԸ˷ûǸҰģֻԸ޸ܹԼŹҪ󡯵ˣͲºļ檶ˡ
䣬ͣͷͨһ
ϲٶ˵ŵ´Ǳת
Ҳ˳ϱԼǰ㿪ʵôˣ
ֱ³ŵ»Լȥ˱𴦾ס¶˿̧ͷǰĹ˸Щģֻһصɫˣ»ǿذա
˸ǰС˿ϣֵĳͷŵСظˣСظˣ
ŵǰƫͷŹɻʲôܾûؼˣ
һ⣬һôһһ׼
ϲ֪λش¹үһ̾ͼֵܳӭӣֻӲͷƤߵǰװҪͷߴٵ»ǿعգ͡
ɣǰǰʣô£
һ۳Źү°ϣʱŵɫף̧ȾҪܣȴһסͣ
ȥĶһͷˮ
ϳͷĹүһۣͼЩ
ΪǺЩˣ漴һ̧֣ͷ˸ֹƣͷԹүһȺͳȥŹϡ
ϣ
̬ȻȢ˼ҹŮأŵǰ޽ɡ
ϼʹ֪Ϻ͹үĶԹ󣬶ûôδ˵
ү̧ͷϸһ˻ĵһſһ÷˼ݾ񣬸ҪѯʣƼ壬̲³߰˷֡
֪ǲ𣬹үæԾŵӦǣżܣؾذŹغඡ
ϼ뿪԰ģ̧ͷһ۾ŵ£Ծɲ֪Ǻãֻ֧͵ûȥˡ
µͷĶȥ㡣
ͷһһȻѾ϶סڹ˸
ģʱسСԴϺʹʱȴ޵ҧгݡ
ڣһĥ¶Ҫǲ̹ףŵ³˵һ顪֣޴ˣ̹״ӿء
׺󣬹ϱ̧ͷ̹Ȼ£ͼͷײԸֵûţЩʱѾװȥլסˡ
Ծ죬ƺ¹ѿûѯʣֱͷͬ˵µص㣬ϳ·
˵ַʱ򣬾ŵһ䣬ϳʱ룺ҲǺͬðһլԺ
㿿ý̫ȫˣŵĥҪùŲȥԼլûþ͵˵ضһƳӾˣſŵôô죿
ⲻǶô
һͣŵȱȥլԺǰִһ
ȷǶլûˡ
ϸ³վںͷ˾䡰¡
תͷüĬǷŭĿйϴδľ
˸źܳһξ룬ңңӣ˫ǳͫӳϼĽɫ峺͸
סڶլ
׵ҺһʱҲȥʱݡ
´˫ϲŭãЦһԳƵܻذɣ
ͷһ̧ͷͼŵޱ߹ֱƹȥ
˲䣬²һ˿ɤǹʧˡ
վԭأֱ¡¡뿪
ոջƵˣåһ̱׾ٵķ֣̫ˣһʱز

88

ϻͷ뿪ķãͷѹ˿ʯͷж°ɿ졣
Ϧ³ůһһ뿪ӣģ
ʶܶҪ黹ûڣ֪ŵӪǷϹ鷳ܹˡ˹񡭡
Щһ飬һǸˣĪȫԺȥˡ
Ǿŵ¸İȫ̫࣬·ֻҪһһоͶˡ
֪˶ãڵľͷȻתһһƥӻɫĳᡣ
ˣ
ʶתӭȥʱƿͷ̽ԴϺϣôվͷ䲻䣿ݴš
ǽϡ
ګګͷߡ
Ըв죬ΪλִѾûɫˣȴ˳ӣٽ˾÷
˽ǰԺϼ£Եñȹϻϲͬ˻ӻָɳȥˡ
ڲ輸һԣȻ°ڣЦղ㣬շˡ
ϲ죬¶ˣ˭ͦġ
ھһӻң̾˿бŹϵԽĳˣ¶ˣϷƪأ
ϱͷɲһ¶£غԺİΣֻҪŵͷƪˣƹⶼʮˣ˭ôŰ
û뵽ȴôЩӣ̬ô
ϲü룬ǳ¿治٣ɣͷָͷغսսĽ춼飬ͷҲҰģҲͷû䡣
ϼǵýǰرȫʤ飬ﲢ̫ţֻԻǵô϶౸ЩҩģԵĲ˿ɹ˴ϣоǣЩϷӣһ·Ͻơ
Цһҡͷ̾⾿ҵʵ̫ˣĸ˼ҷȥֻ̣·ϳƵģ
һҲͦ˼ģǰǻȷʵŵòᣬ޲ճŽһȥ̣Ҫһ
ͦģϾµǹƥȥһˣȫȫβĻˣʿأܲĶȥ
ԹϺ侲ʯĳ˾䣺ⲻǻû˼ô֪õ˭ء
ĵ˿ʹ죬뵽֮Կ־λᣬҲǵԼİΣҲȻˡ
ȵԼһգȻܽйķڷ
˰˹ϵĻش𵹽ЩĻš
˹ڵȴɱȳȴ֪ú󣬾Ѿսˡ
橴ʱһĵŽϾȻģӭȥޡ
˹鼫ģû˸Ҷ˵ʵ飬ֻϵزס̹֮ס
ϵ֪ʮֱֲ˹ھͲȫ
һ©˷˹ʵ飬ǰžҪ׷һȥ
£æ²ţϽҸ赼˹ֽסһԸʲô˭ܷס벻
һ˼⣬صܵһᰲ˿ðõġ
ϵҲɣЩȥ橶𻰶һŰġ
ϵͷҲãðȵգҾͰ
УбŽϣŵѰ°Ҳ߯ЩִСƢĹŵ¸ǰָɣŵ»׻𣿡
һ֣ЦԭȻû뵽ǰſɵ¶һҸǰνͥС
Աֻ͢Һʹ縮ӣѼȥźͷִˣᵽԼŮԴӰѧǽҵȼü֮ҰƣмɫֱӾ͸ȥˣôƷԲã
̸ϲãͨĹټС㣬Թɫ
υ˿ڲ裬ŻƢɲź򣬴С̳ĹǴ粽źţû˭λСȣҪ˿ǿ˻Ƕˡ
ֹԸ˸źأָϵġ
ϵͷȻȽ԰ɣгģܲ¾ͿŮıˡ
һ⡱Ͳִ˽Ҳʹ˲ӡ
ǰëϵʱûȰ裬ҲǱΣϾ֮ս⿿һȫģͨ죬ͱ㡣
ٺ»˵㣬κνôĸׯ
ǰ˿ȴСûܹǮϲС
ֵ˹٣ǿǳķʲʹСĿȾ̰īϰΪܻ߶ϰжٺ
ֱ֮Ŵ뾩ǡ
ũռҶȹһʱ⣬Žᵽһ̰֣԰յĳѹեǶô¡
ⱲӣȰ轭ϷλҲҪ˫֡
ֻĿǰùʣʱϻţֱʱ߽ϡ
գӼࡣ
Ƚʹϣŵټ㣬ʲôʾ£
ټϵʵׯ˵˳ɻΪѣԹҲûֻ˵˾䡰ûʲôȥʶʶѡ
ѣȽһʼੲݵľϡ
ֱͷһľŵ¼ݵϲۿȽס˺ȻֹԴת⣬һŷۼžͺˡ
˻ûأʲô
ϲŲæվӭݣϰ˳ڴ̫ãȶʹ˫ֳӲվɫи
ϺȻͦΪﱯģﲻɵһŵ¶̫³ӵһЩԸǰ͡
ֻϧȽ⣬һŤƹϣǰ档
ʱй˿һɫԽӰͷȺų߽š
Ϻ߽׸ʰǰȽȴʯƵһ
ϸ첲˴û̽ͷһƣŷѾɵۡ
Ƚǰ游׼£ѾΪϻʼõò𾪣ԭҲµŵȲȥ룬һ۱Ʒݡ
ŵԣԼλԶΣͷһԵĹϺȽ
Ϊͷؼ棬µĿȽͣˡ
˫ǳͫתɻɰ˹￴촭ˡ
һǰܵ£λȽֹµ°Ҫһѧźһӡ
Ȼ˼бڴߵǽڣӰ£ʵһξ𴽽Ǿͼѧѧôӣ¿ɾסһأʦٴЩա
ϣ
Ƚ۾ֱŰӰµžӣʶ¿ĭ߶µǰһūһĽź¡
ŵ´ЦһüҿȽ
Ƚ̺׳ǡ

89

ЦӯȻͷбϣһǳǳĹΣλ°ˣ
ͷһQʻеĲϾ϶ûǰ֪ŵһ˦ӾԸŶײ׵
ôһδһͨȴˡ
ŵղáأȽͷ̲֪ͷݸūȥѾӽóʦˣרΪŵ»صӼģᾡĽźõ£
ŵҲû𻰣ǰȥмǰõҸԼϣɨԵӣڵߵҲŲź򡯵ģ
Ƚϲǰػ˵ǡ͵ū˳ŰھԶˣôŰߣūҲźź
ûô飬Ŀ⣬һ˫һԽעŶԼȦΣȻĵͷţܵôţùôϯǴϷȥǴͷȥ
ȽĻŭŵЦһ¾ͽϡ
ʵᰡ
Ųεʱȷʵû뵽Χˣȷʵ鷳ˡ
ŷԼ˴ڵǰĵһӡǻˣʱͼƵܣ
ϱÿЦ
ϰ˾ŵƽյ⻰ǳģһ죬Ȥ˿ֵĵ䷶
úһεεС󣬾ôСڳ˶ƤҲûˡ
ͷһȽһģ
֪ͷһأղŶ췼İˣ͵һɲĻ
ȽһʱԵ޴룬۰ͰͳŲſŵ뺰ͯŲֲҿڡ
ŵµһζņ̀ģǻľ˫Ϸߵĵ񹤣ҪһҲòŲˡ
ͼţˣԽ
ûӣȽֻŲӡ
һͨаɳ̣ľʵҪǾŵ²ڳȽϴקӲһͷҲΪѡ
ӾһţעԸľֹ
Ȳմأ̶ⷢĦǾ͵÷ѵˡ
ȽԸʰˣסӣͼӰʹûսڰ죬Ǻʧˡ
һС˾ѣûдֵ˼İһš
Ƚ޴룬̧ͷ۰Ͱ
ҲǰһͷԤһ̧
һ¾Ͳˣǰһؿһۣдšʲô֣Ųöô
óǿ־һȥˡ
ŵͷ̧ȣһһߣӾʹƮΪһͷ
Ƚͷֻûü֣⧲һһȾͳǰͷԵŵһִˣ
Ƚֱɲǵ˲á
վˣֻקŲϷţ̧ͷŵ£ôľ룬쵽
ͷһأȽΪİ쳣ǿϢسǸɺԵĻǶ䣬մһͲˣûƵóԣԷϿ
ԴǰգԼӲȡϧȴŵ֧ԶˣȽֻʶȤ˿
ѧãѸ
ͦ죬ŵ¾Ȼû̸ȽȻŲȥ˱߿ڣȴƺĬ°ݡ
˲ŶĻǹӼߵѧ齲ø
ȽóʦöĿҵ
ѧͳ߸ˣǹӼμѧӡ
˵ȽǹϣƽһýѧųݶС̡
Žǡݾž֡еһ֣ŶݼͷѧʣʵԼͨ˼άҪ󼫸ߣҲСֱ̬ͯʺоѧʡ
ͷһȽˣһͷˮĿϣ뿪̣֪ͷһֶûס
Ŵǰѧ̿ĵӣɣҪõͲˣŤͷŵ¡
ŵ²һЦĵųŪֻĴͷ鱾ɫ롣
ϰѻ̻ضȻЩûϢŵʱغϷŪʱ⡣
ԭһﵭĮԵϣҿ
ô޷˵Ĺ˼գϷ־ŵ»ˣ׼ȷ˵Ļˡ
Ǹ°ǳӡ
Ƚ鱾Ƶһͷ̡
һֱţ֪»᲻ǰԼϷŪ߸ɡ
ζݣϣŵܽ°ȴϣŵ¶˵̬ͬһ
ô׽Ūʮһ꣬ͷ᲻ðϷŪˣ˽û
ŵѾûڿΣ˫ɫӿרעҳϣʵȴһֱڶ鱾
ȽһӵĻ˺ü¡²Ż̧ͷĽëǳͫͶһ㵭ӰޱӹȽе鱾
ѸɨһģǸʦͨˣһܽñͨ͸
˲Լʧ塣
ǸˣѾסȥ˵լۡڶˣԼ°ǣѵĺݣʲôǿģ
ԾˣȻѻ𣬻ǾӸҪҲͷˡ
ĲɵĽ飬ޱ飬ʲôƤЦ
ȽŵǹᵭĮľֱˣ
ӻ鱾ŵ½һֶûôٿһЩ
ūޱ·˵һ䡭Ƚȥھŵ¼ָ࣬ϵһʣôģ
ŵָѸ
һףСǲͷˡ
ף⼸СΪʲôǱһˡ
·ڿĳŹ⽫ԼαװŴǰļƢҲûˡ
ˣû鱾Ƚϡˡ
ګګӹ飬ĲҲԾˣ鱾һϣüݻȽڵδҪѧʾͨʦôЩ겻Ҳôǵðˣǿ죬ɲҪź򡣡
ϣ
ô̭˵İ
źʮ꣬ûйҲпͰ
ûСʹѾ˰
£죺⻰Ӻ˵أͺôǿԸԨģ
˵꣬Լܹ֮С񹤵ġֽʹ𰸡϶ʱ°֣СȻһæ
ЦһͷӭϹϵĿ⣬˫Ϸʵһ㣿
ϣܡܶ࣬˺ܶæ
ŵЦһعͷȽ뿪
þŵ»ָɫȴûмϷŪ
һԽԽ׽ˡ
պ󣬽ǲ˽ӹϽͬ˹𻰡
˹סƫŹʱ񻹲ԻǱȴǰˡ
һ̵ײŻ£ڿռϣ´ʹӣ֪ڷɣ˶ٿࡣ
һ۾ͿĹۿ̣˹Цӯӯӭֵݹȥסʱоסʯ
Цÿʣ϶ǳˣĲһԽˮˡ
ϲԾս֣һſڣȵֱϡ

90

ôˣ橳ȥᣬȰ֪ҾˣˣһޣҲ̲סˡ
æԼᣬƽЦ̫ˣһʱûסнЦˡ
ݣһһɷ磬űߴҵͭƷ嶣졣
⶯̧ͷһۣǷģͶأǴûʽ
橼棬Ц޷ʽ촦ҸƳģͬ޵޹ŵһ޶
Ͽϸǽ㻭ģͷưЩûʽԿã
ڿЦƵþ˲żǵã޵ʱ򣬱ÿ˳Ҿŷ졣
ֻҪһ죬¾Žˣÿͷ¶û¶Ըⶢƣˡ
΢һüôἰһʱ֪νӻ
һƫĹϣЩÿɺã˵ǸŵĽ㣬̧˲λûΪɣ
ҡͷôܹأнĸ϶ھŵźأ˭Ҳġ
橳Ц⵹ǣҿ˵ˣôϵģ
ϺŤ󵽣˵ЦˣûӰ¶أ
ûӰˣؿбѾۼҾŻøˣÿͷ϶㣬ӷÿֻʣ۰ˣ
ÿ۶㣬ˣѾǧѻˡ
ϿЦĽأŵ»Щܡ
ЦһҲǣСͰԵʹ˵˶ҪţҳǻӣҼأ궼ʮͷˣδʲô
üžŵҼˣζһ𣿡
ǲһġ橵ҷŶ˵ĻͦĵģǰЩʱոտɣýзˣͷˡ
񰢾Żعǲͨͽ޹ǸտɵСʾзͮʷ֪¶𣿡
ĿһﻹиտɾͨĹء
ϲûմôŵ²Ÿտɣ͸зͮʷˣ
ŵû˵ʧ䡣
橼ǣŮٶԭ˻ˣ񸮽ȥǸ˻ˣ
¶ʶˣר̫ҽСʾǲǷʲô⣬һ
Եɣž˵ԸǸеĻʾֻҪԼϲľ
ϺæӭϵŵǡˣȻ˵ǵĻ
һЦһ۵װ޹ˣ۶ʹˣ˵⻰̵ģ
ˢ죬ŤЦҶСʾ̫⣬˾
橻صףʵ˵ĺеĻʾ͸ʶ
ڹʱ򣬾øֻĸĸҲ޿ɺǡֱԼ˲ף޼ûиάϵǼôµ飬ҷˣһ̶ȥġ
̾ԼӲˣԭ˹ҲΪиĽϲе
Ϊ˺ôĳƷʾӳٿ֦ɢҶʱ䣬ƺͦ˼ġ
۾һ˵ɰҾŻøˣտɲõģͷܸܵΧϢأһܵϢǽۼСζ볢һڵġ
ϺȻŵǾ䡰һôˣһôˣĿһ⣡
ֲãСҪӵľͷˣҲǱˡ
Ϊ˵ѧͣδͨµСʾԣδǻ¡ϸ˹ŵЩɳĵεΡ
øпǧɣһҹͷɰӿ
ûǸǰֻᷭǽҪǸİСһһɲڰҫ۵һ⡣
ҵ̬ӵУһ˼䡣
ԹϽŵڷɣΪ
ͷ˹ҲûԱ߿ţһŵµΪ
𾪷ǳ֪СԴϺʹȴδһƿġ
ܾŵµǰѹϵԼˣչֵĶֱӵһ棬Цŭڡ
϶ԾŵµĿ־壬ԭֻڶδΪ
Ű˹ӪȾͷȴһ˿Ĳһɺ֪ľη
һҶԸ¶ˣƿطɣģ
֪ŵµ˼άѴ⡣
Щ£ʹŵԼûоܹͨ۲Χ˵ķӦ̬ܽӦеķչԤĵ
սı졣
ǵþŵͷؽѧãһֱĹ۲ģ½Χͬľٶ
ʱ򣬹ֻͯڳ˵Ϊٻ䣬˿¡
ƺ˼̬Ѿ˾ŵµĹ֮䡣
ϰңҲԼڽУǸ˾ġ
̫һǡöԷԼҪκν䱸ҼʶŵʵҺ޷һ档
ҵǣϾãܺԲǾŵµĿ
˹˵龭ͽסԼķ֪ηֻζ˴γܹȫɣһջžۡ
æͷŸջأҪߣѵ˾ٲ縸ĸôôͬöգ¸¾Ҫˣо֣
һ˹Ҳ𾩳ֵĽ죬˱Լһȥۡ
Ӽͷϸһյļ٣ŵԭҲûΣ캮˻ůˣҲʱʱһյġ
ͬˣŵѾ֪סڶլһپͽ˸ˡ
ŵ൱ȶٵС˿ŶͷԵģ˵׼Ƕ£
СҲͷһظ٣ȴǵһαŵôƵ˫бţŵսսͷᡣ
ηηβģ͸йˣѲǶȥôˣ
ŵȶˣüͳ̫ˣ
СԴøˣŵһʹ·Ҫһȥϸ̽
һȽˣ
治֪Ͼŵ³ʲôԻҩ
һСūŸ٣˵һ䲻ʣȥͳˣ
Ȼ԰ڼȥ˼ҸСӵĵδţ
ŵ±šҷɧŹϡС˼ſ˳׼ŷͨ
լӵյϥȥͱŵʳָڴžŵ¶Ϣ̤
ϴʱڹͬ˹𻰣ԺֻͼѾ͸֣Ͼʱ⡣
ŵѾϢլӣûˣͷԵ߽ݣԼҰȥ
ͷһ˽ŵǸ̰ӵѾߣ䲻ƼİϢ߽ţŵҪУͼ˫ۡ
˫ѼľɫӣѾһɤӿںɵۣ
ͬŲͷȥ
һӰ°׳˿ڡ
ǣվ߹ȥ
Ȼƽ׽İˣȴη塣
ΪԼŮóǰ⺢ȻͷСȴԾԵۣʮģԼŮСͬ顣
´ˣмƣ³ݣȴշϣֻƫԴʣ̫̫أ
ϲڹүգǰ⺢ĪеĽôƺա
ǵˣرƯ޾ϡ̧кŵ輸ԣǲ˶ϲ
϶ŰȥˣļҵĺӣǰûŰɣЪЪŰգˡ
֪ǰˣǴλƷʾʮıӵҲô졭

91

ͷûʱҫĿĴӿһһ룬ⲻȫ͸ֻʵ
ڰ֮УƤȴ׵ý͸䣬Ƴ˵ڣӯ˵Ľ⡣
ǺÿˣԽԽġ
ŵûײϡĶ㡱ԵòʣɵҲʧ棬ĬĥԼŻ˸գײҲ̫ÿǸˡ
ϼ⺢Ӳ𻰣ΪΪŤɬǣŵ¸첲輸ԡ
գŤ󡣡ִ̧žŵ¼ϰְ
ŵ¶ϵľٶɻ󣬳Ƭ̣˳ӵȥ½ǣһܹصɡ
ȥһѾ߶˲յǸ
ԵѾ͸˷ܲѣ߰˫۾´žŵ£ҧ䣺ˣǸɣÿÿ
Աߵ͸ʶԹЩŴ𻰵һļŹиģͷû׼λС
ŵ¶һõб͸һۡ
ⶼʲô³ɸ˵û׼
Ƿ˼ҺɫԣϸϽ߻ԣʾǲҪҽ
СЩѾͷȴԾƲס棬ѹɤСòűλ۵Ķ࣡
һ⻰ͲˣδġСүȻǲñ˱ȥġ
һ͸ǰСշ˶߷еܸأƤʲôãҵĲģƯ廨ͷס
ĵĵͷƼͷŵޣ΢΢˶
ŵǶɼأѾÿѲ豭ˡ
ôû˵˵ԼС
ܸȡ˼ҵ˼ŭ˵Ĺֱ䱿
ϼǺɫӲ㿪ڻ͵ʲô֣
ŵ²ͷǣڿ廨ͷȡʲô֣̫̫ƺɡ
ͷһȺѾͷÿЦ
ϲڳ˶ŵ⻰ĹΪ˼ҽ⳰أɹȵģ
ȻʵŵЦ⣬öˡ
˳ƯʲôŶˡ
һЩ᲻ãͷο۷ŻأҲȤͬһҡѣ
ŵ¸ҪܾһѾͷӲҰ֣ϻӶ³ְҡѱأǼ˰ͭӶҡѣҰˣôۻصѽ
װõСӣ֪ȫҺˣӮ˼б£˱ҡȴǺһƾܽҰ֣
ŵ޿̣৵վ߹ѹŭڵҡѱӣ
̧ͷһƣǺ־ӣϲЦտԣͳҡʮѣͳѱأҲ𣿡
ŵֻ̧޳ָڣޱְգҡѡ
ûƷʾԳƣΪ⺢ôֶû룬վǰͭӶȫ۵ŵǰ
һȺѾͷɿĻˣڵ´Ǿɫˣ뿴Ÿԣ
´Լǣ˳ָͷӣĦһ飬Ľë£һ˫ǳͫרע
ʱѾԳƽչеĻЦģǳͫɨһȦעɣλ
ɤе԰ȴ˷УһȺѾͷȵġ
ͷһأﶼͦ󷽣һһͭм䶪
ҲһǮͷЦЦһûǮ⣬̫̫͵Ǹ¶ŮôЩıѰɡ
ãһִȵעȫϡ
һһӮأ廨ͷ׼һϯñʱͷǿô
һ֣⺢ӻͦϾģЦǺǵĵͷ˵һ
ſ֣ϣŵ½ѣ˱ӣȴһϵɫΪɺϡ
ǰͭǮһӶѵϸߣһȺѾͷ۶ֱˣһҲ߯ˣ
һʱм͸öעˡ
ζĵĻʣˣŹģ͵͵۾ǣǼͭ壬ڿǰԳС
̧ͷɨһۣЦ˵õѣʣһˡ
˵ţһɨ첲ǰһ̯ͭӶȫ룬üҵЦǰͷ㣬¹˭֣һ֡
͸Ƕʱը˹۳СѡȥͭӶֶһͭ˭ܲ
͸˾񣬷׷׻ȥעߣӣͰ˦޹һ㣬һ棬ʿĭŵĵȽҸǡ
սţһʱֻѾͷҿǣһĵ㣬ߵ㶼ȥˡ
һ·ҹĵһ˳
ֵͷҸˣ¸ͷϣŴͰһǣɫרעһԼͰĵʧü
̾˿̧ͷһ۶ġƫͷԿϣԲס
ϱСһ￴ĶˣȻ⺢ôäĿšֱʲ̫ãǺԹԵİοû¶ľ˾ͺãͭ˸ȡ
»ͷԴҿͰ૵治˼ģ
ֱ͵ؽҿȻ¶ͷĿ㳯ϵӣ
Ǳӣ
½ŵȥ׼ɣ̫̫
ϵһŵĿӣ̧ۿ򽭳£ͼ˫ǳͫ΢ƵעԼ
һ˱̾
һƬ֮Уմӽиϻžŵ¼ݵûͨʧ˷ִ磬ݡ
žƼһקסŵµ䣬˵Щʲô
ڣһӵϥµأ˫ֱȭμŵ£½Ӽ٣ˡ
ŵ£š
϶˵һ죬ֻû¶ȣӾžŵڵָͷһ·ŵװ壡
廨ͷʲôġ᲻ᱻϳȥɱͷ

92

񡣡
վѸһɨͼϴʱѾŵ֣Ŀ⾪Ŀ
ͷѽʱĿ
Ĵ⣬һųһڵЩչ⣬ǵĳȻƹ㣬ӻķ϶
һԵѾͷ͸鲽ɫ̵ֻĹڵء
ϻعæ˺ȥȴǰӰǰ첲ȥڡ
ŵ̧ͷ߲ĹӰžɫĲӳ˫һϸĽâһİħ
԰򶨵׵äŵˡ
ضˡŵ¶һ͸ͷĿⲻƣⲽǰⲻǷУξôúõĲ²ƽլԺˣ
ǳ͢ɵļԸӵ˽
һƾŵ⶷־ƣ֪ˡ
⻰һǹѰơ
լ˼Ůǽ˽ȴɳԵĳ͢ٺ»˾ͷòֵ
׷ҲΣԸһӵ;ˡ
óƷʾΪҪװͿΪһСУξ
ͷĥŵ°˳˸գֱһȺ͸һͨ߶ţһаֲ˼Ůй
ܵ¶ľ󣬾̶ˡ
ֻԣ⣬ΪϱڹĸԸµأĵ¿ꡣ
һʧɫܶµǲʲôףΪŵǹְæϢŭ˾ְأ֮У
ǰЩʱĸŮҹͻƣЩ˽ٲƺ㻤ͦͽ֣ĸ첲лˣδȬ飬ҪַˣĸŮ󻹶ָˡ
һͨ鳶̫Զɴʱŵһ߶ԪʱԸûؾһƣὭϣɣ͸ƻô廨ͷɲ¶
ϺѾһ廨ͷĸ־׺䶥
ϻһ飬һգʵش²δͬ
ޣµͷϣԻЩ
Ͻ͵϶ʱİΣղ跹˼ģ˵Զ磬͵ƣƾ˶µԼ
֮ӦһͬУֻĸŮˣɷ滤
ۼ˵Σ跹˼ʱŵоͽâһἰƾ˶Լŵʱǣһɸ߰Եõģ
շƨţĵüȺ׼
ţУξȻ𡣡ŵüĿչ
Σս
˿һˣ׼š
һ˳ţ㼱ͷ綷ʱǲȥʽɱȻˡ
ʼƽŶʮʽҪβܰʱڣճһĲȣ
Ҫų⵹ǲѡ
ʳ޴Ӽ˶ܹ򷢣˵⻰СƷʾ
˲ò࣬ôϲû뵽ǸôĽɫ
ƽŵʹͣһһţµֱʣʲôųû
ΣƹˤͬһͬŪԼֵĲʽ̣ŵ
޹һ㣬ϰ¡
̫̫Ҳ
ŵƺܲЦձȷŸϲȴٽϲ׽ˡ
лµ»ϱɡĸûʾ˼̫̫ʵɷˣ
ǰϵףͲͬ¶ա
ӦʣףԸŵ²ˡ
ŻĬԵޣȻЦ̵ģϱͶԾŵĪиУһȥҲ͵ˣϯ̸Ц
ñһ麣Σʾȥ˳ʵ·ҡѱӣ
Ǿù˼ĸŮԸΪƣ̬бϣôɹֽţ
ңæ¿ӣͷ
ǹ˵ô
Ϻԥţ
µͷǳЦ˵ţ
س˵ѣ̹׵еɡ
ɾͶˡŵ¼вڣȻƵӵı߽ĥײǶȺ춼йϵϸܷ
ͷһϼͣǾͰ׽˯ϯϣδԵ̫Ȥ廨ͷſҪʵˣ⻹Ͱա
ⲻĿŵݺô
ϽסЦĵСʾͦƤǰư
һźѾҲЦֱ磬ԭһֱףôĻʾΪγٳٲϽܡ
λĳƷ𣬲ŵÿ۽磡
¾ȫ
ȫȫβûһʣһһжŹ׽ջﶼѼŵģ
ѾΪϽӦʻ£˳ɾǰˣǵǡ֮ˡ
ͬŵ̸ˣŷͨˡ
ŵһ̧ͷתͷϻ̫̫
泯°ͣˡ
ǰûӦƼ⺢մ˵֭ʶߵֽŵ²á
һֽסԼľٶЩ˭֪ŵƫƫԴʾһû
ҪˣŵǺעġ
ϣ
ͷؼôƯ޹˳죬ϾȻ⣬ĸһ¾ͷˡ

93

ϳǰ˹ֹƷװ촦ϵĻƷһЩƷΡ
Իظæǲһ𽫻ݣ·ſʱҲûע⵽ŵķڳԼʹɫô߽ݡ
ڸҺӡС죡
Դһ˲ع񣬿ŵˣʱŵýŵı֯¨ڵأһ죬¨ͷľСһء
£ôᡭĿ࣡
ôҼһ׵Ůʹ
ôĶ극Ҫ˲죡극ûźô죡ô죡
ŵбĿⲻơ
Լʱӵ빬ϢûüͬС˵ԭ򣬾ʹҴ˾ŵ²á
գգۣæǰ׸밲
ŵޱ顢޻ӦæºЦǵ屧̽͵ģ
ǣ²µ㶨Ϊ˽ӣץΡСϵĻش
϶һȭ£ͽһȥ̽˹̫һʱûüͣüȥˣû˵壬;֮⣡
ʵƼһصľ񣬾ŵѾ³ȥ˰˽㣬Ҳû׷ֽ̧ϯ
ϼһĲȣԾĿ׵³ˣ
ϻصǰûʲôʳģֻ³Ϊŵ¾һ⡣
̫̫ģŵƫͷϡ
Ȼɵ²
ܺϿζŵն˽ۣǵ۾һһĵһʽϵϲǵ»ػô»Ҫ̫̫
ֲ֧ڿЦӦʡ
϶ʱɵˣʲôʱСôˣôűȼأ
ŵ𽵹ĺϡ̫̫̫ˣѵڶʾã
ףȻѾȫĵġˣŵµ񣬶ʢĸĹԡ
ϣ
׹Ůأ
Сһ˫ǳͫЦǺǵģ»ػ̫̫ҡӡ
ҴӣڿЦأ˼Ҫעģ
ᡣ
Ϊʲôɻ
СĿ࣬֡
̽յŵ¸ǰıȴϡ
ŵһնǲҲעΪʵ廨ͷ
һ㶣漴һЦˡ
һԹСϷŪԼף׾ȻܺӶû֦Ҳеζӡ
ֱ߾ŵ´ݣϲ̵ģ֮ûգͿʼ߶ţ֪ŵʲôʱԽ㡭
ԶԣĵСǺأ
˼óƷʾûСٷʲôӣƼ˺ÿ
ҲͺˣƼһѾĸ
ѲʱȺľҪƼҸŵź죬Ƶ˺ѷεļʡ
ǵˣһշĥԸСգﻹ߶ţ˵ǲ֪ĵζϲ޵Ŀڡ
ǲһģ
֮գճȥѧãﻹţŵ¼ȻûдȽ˵ԼĲ£͵뷽跨ӵ׵ЩþŵŲ˳֡
ȽŵֽʱһһСʾա
ŵҲһޱĸϣ鱾ݻȥȴͷһβͷ֣µĿȽ
ȽʱͷС¹ײĵˣˣ
ҧ´ƳһۣǷΪʤƵЦҲ֪ڸ˭Ͼ
ȴŵµڵվͲˣһ㹻ˡ
Ƚ
ϣ
ǹЩ̱µأһӾӿۿ
ﵽǸĵģѧȺ˽£żžŵ£İ͸εźʮ졭
Сͷˣ
ֵ˵Թžౡأ
֣ŵ⻰˼ȻǼֲϻǰջһֵ̬֪úöôˡ
Բѻʯֻõȹ̸ݲ¡
ǣָֻ˵ƽһƺƽ޲
һַ粨Ȼ
ԴӾŵֻȻذ˹ݶ£ġ
ѾǵľҵΪ뱨ֻûͬŵ飬ԹԿʼѰһлᣬӵ۳޾ŵµĹ¡
ʼߥ޻ʺһͬԻʵ۴߷磬Ҫʵ飬̫͵ϵگΪ
󹬲øǹѵ׳
ʼҾȴԴ̣ա
Ƽ֮ĩζ޴Ӳ²ԼΪδľˡ
ĩĳ컡
ϵ֪ŵʽ⿪ֳɵģ˵ˡԲ
һйԷ
ɽΪַ뽭԰ʦ޽һͻʼ԰֡
ռǧĶȻʹ
԰ӱǰʵТʥĸ̫˵Ҳãɻʵ۾ôʹ͸ԼСʾеĶԲضԡ
ƵĶ£֪̲סЦ°ŵضûھ׽ж
ϼԲĿͼɾƵõطɽͺСˮһլӶܶɻ
죬뵽ŵδһѺ󹬼ôլȷʵҲбҪģҪլӣ϶Ǽµġ
ԭΪŵ¶ٻЩԾû뵽һʵǹ費ģԴ˾ûκοϲ̿֡
գڹӼ¥żһͬԲͼֽ»ָſͼһԻµƾӡլԺĵסԱʱضǸ⡢뽴㡣
ϣ
̫ˣⱲӾ͸ˣ
һźĹ𣬶һ۵Ƴƹϣ˱ˣǵūŵģȴƫѾͷ˾ŵµۣ
Ͼ¶ܺæ𻰵լסͦõģͲŵ徲ˡ
ŵбĿڵס԰ʱҪǲ
ǳ˳飬ĵСˣ
ʲôǷ̭ô
ﲻ֪ͱСٿϻЦ⣬Ƕ΢͵ֻǸסʲôǵͻǾġ
ţƵúһתбڳϣһϷʵĴͷŹϵô˵뾩Ƕʱգһ²費˼롣
һӣҪ۹±壿
ϵ৵ĺ쵽ŵ̧ͷС
ֲСãվ˵Щʲô
ΪС費˼룡
ûˣ
Ѭ죬յůǰžɫĲգĴɫĹΡ
ɫǰȷʵн˲費˼ıǮ
ˣϱͷ䲻ﲻ˵Щ׻ˣ͵ʱֻǵİΣǹ

94

Ȼŵֱӣ
ů·һһ¶ȣŵµϷŪ֮⣬ȡ֮ģϡ
ʶһСͷ°ȴֻǿƵҪӭ˫ǳͫϻŵĲ£
㵱治ԸԲ˫µǳͫ޸ǣк繡
ͷһ촽⶯ȴһش
Խµη壬ǰڹ۳ɱٶһ޶Ķ裬Ҳ޷ڻ
ֻܽĿ־
ǿϳϿҵĿ˫ǳͫлµֻǡһԵ޹ʰƱ˵
ü䶸֪
δ˵꣬ʲôŵͷɨңŮ̴˳ż䣬һˡ
żľźϣһŮҲ˳ţֻջ⣬ǰŭĻʾ
¸ͷ֪Ϊ檣
һڣǿ򶨵֪ģؾѾԼԸ
ǵģѾܾһˣʵ벻Ҫӵľŵ»һصޣ
ɿ°ͣ˺ƫԴüעŹϣãһΪļ檣˵Ѷ⣿
ϵͷתת飬ɴ̹ԼѾܻ鲻Ϊһʱû̸ס
վŵ¶Խϵ꣬Ӧᵼ¶˲̫صѺۡ
ԭߣûнϣҲȷʵܽ˷ˣԽԽ޷̡
Զ飬ҪŲ檣ֻܷһӣȥȫǹϡ˰ܰСඡ
ǹ޴ˣο໥סԷģ
ԥ֮ʣͷɤȴٶ𡪡
˰£
ϲ̧ͷŵת˫֣ͽһʹֱıӰ
Ϊûй£ƾ㣬ܻס˼ңаǯԱʥϣһ¶аһƳ֡
ϻ۾ŵĿǰϤİıӰļһת۶۵ۡ
в
ΪԼػʮ꣬⺢ӾͲǰĺݽթվ̫ˡ
ˣࡣ
һֻҪ²ˣϱѷɡ
ŵתɫ֪꣬ν˸»ʮڼҾ죬ʹж㣬Ҳᱻǣε档
δ˵ϤӣǸҡͷβĶҪǸСһгһգ¶
߽ˮģỬ˲䣬ŵݣȻûš
ʲôŵЩ޴룬ǸСľƺСĶ
̧ȥˮʵ£ֻռͣɲضչʾǿͱ˭
ֻȰһ䣬ҪӵһˣӦѶԷԼƽȵˣ
ּǰĽ±ϵĿˮֱգ۾
ûŮźԸЩΣŵһʱǱĽԭأһԡ
Ϊŵ±Լ˵ˣűȥ
æһĨɾСǰһ׷ʵʲô
Ĩᣬ˵ôвĻװ޹
ί׳ŵתžŵ£ⲻ뿴𣿡
䣬Ҹ첲ͱ͵سء
ϲӦһĵǸϢĻĻʱս
ͫ˫类ŵ¿ӵȴζ޷ѡ
£ŵͷ
ޱ飬˸Ľâȴ͸־ڱصõģҪƣ˼Ҷ·Ҵֵˡ
϶ʱĻ䣬ŵ¸ʲôǸ飬һĿ궼ʵ߼ԲŻ۳ôһϵġѳ·
ھŵʮУʶľȷʵϣǿżΪĿ롣
ʹٴϻ۹ˣҲ޷ܵ߼ʵܡ
ԣŵ޷Ϊʲô檣޷ᰮСľ
ھŵµ߼УǡܱľٶԼֵѡ
Ͻٶ࣬Ҳͽ͡
лº㣬ˡ
Ϸ粵ֵ̧ھŵؿڣͼѽȴȦø
̧ͷŷ־ŵĿ⾲˫н棬ţǸ˿ЦΪ͵еϲһģͷսϵ˫
һŨҵϢأѾ˲佫ϰ־ҡ
ͫϱʧɫ˲Ժ
ʼƴȴ޼£֮о֣ܲ˵ǰžɫĲ
ȴڰ·С
ŵ³ڱܣ̧׽סϮƣɣŴԻѹͷ˿Լе
ͷʱֳŵļŭ
ϱȻɿƿ򷽲ŵļס
جȴûнŵͷŭԱǰųⲽȻǱȷŸΣյźš
ϾǾŵͷһԾʾķʵ档
˼أһŭ֮£½ϵıī뿰ͼһ䣬ȫɨڵأŭ뿪
澪ŵĹϣڿһ˵ż֮С
ϲͣβŵµĽŲصѧá
ڶһ磬ϾͽӵȥԼµĿگ
֮⣬ȴ֮Уȴһʱ
òȥѧˣԸԷ﷢㶡
ϲ֪ʲô״ҲҶʣֻڴ齱ߡ
վôЩͷûе
Լȥµã񱻱ȥְ³ޡ
޿ɱ뽭¾ѣҲ𲻵͵ã½Կˡ
ңڣֲ֪Լںδ
ǲʹֹŵµǣԼܱܿһǡ
˭뵽λδص˼𣬾һԼľȤ
ռйϣ͵ľ룬Ҫĸࡣ
ȴˣʣûǰĶȲϳ֣ͻλâɵĳƷʾİ£żר衣
ȴ̫Ĺ˼òܴ⡣
ǱȻڿˣƴЩ齫
ڰ˹ʱټù˿ǣΣͷ໥ȡů
̸ģϷ˹̫޴ӻ⣬ֻýϷй޵Ϣ
ɣһս֮Ϊʱ䣬ҥԣ˵ڼ䣬¾ʱΣ֮Уӻ
˹ҪޣͬˣڹϷȰ£ΪԼֻ󸸻ʳ棬λ
˵ǻԣֳȴϣԴð˻Ůθ顣

95

ϰϰµķ嶣죬ɢ˼˳缷ŷ졣
ҹСŮб߽ǣ޵ľƽ͡
ϣ橷˸סǣüͷǺܲ˯ա
ǰ̲ɽľ¡
ϴɤ橡
橻عͷͼǸϤĸ߸ͷԣ׾ţ۾ϸЦֻʣ죬Ǻ̬ᡣ
ŲƤ࣬Ǹ߸ϵǰȴЦдһ˿΢󣬸ûϢģ
ժµѹӢ͵ڱߣ橾Цһһſɡ״Ʈڶϡ
ǱѹӢˣ̧ӣý橴øˡ
橣ְһѹӢŹޱߵɽɢˣ㡭һ
˵һҪĵϰĴͬ˵
ʹǰѾѧ˳ȴΪеУǼ˵һڰӵ
ʶǻģԵɵɵૣȲǲһȥġ
˳ĬãƵĿڣˣ橣ҩϡ˵
Ǳ͵һһ£ѹ͵Ǽϸϸܵĺ顣
ǿµΣôᡭȰϴϵıǣ
һֳǵıȣֵΡ
̧ÿ˿Ħ󲱾΢΢ıǣһ󰮵ϢأƮɢڿУȴ˸Ӧ
ǣΨһǣ˳ӸĸȰ˵һҩ¿ڣǾһ˿Ϣûˣôã
Ѿòˣ橲ЦҲ鲻ԽĿ󣬴ȥûĽЦ
ɻͷýԼʵʵĹá
Щ˯գ˵׼μ
ںͬԹһصСլӣЩƽҵĺӣõա
ҲΪӪֻЩ¶æ
ʸڹӼ˾ְȴٴͬŵżǵ˼Ҳڣɴˡ
˽ÿĿΪ˱ԼⲢζϻ׾ݶա
ʵϣȱӡ
ôЩŵʹ͵һó֣ܻĸŮһöȡ
Ǽɵ˼ţϿһԺСլӣǹԶͲܽǲլˡ
վпվլ̽ϣҲУǿϡ
֪϶˰ΪԼҲִ֪ļΪԼİΣ⣬ϻʲôأ
ϲýԲҲȵԼͷա
Ҫĸ˳ùϰģķֻһǸϵĵλӴûܶ⡣
ᵳӪ˽ֻΪȫ֣Ϊ˰Щӳͱصѹơ
Ţ֮䣬ֻΪ˽˳ȾΪ̵
תĽѧյˣһǳŹϹִͷһ붼˵Ʒʾ̽ŵϲõġ
ͣΨСⶨȷأʼµѧӣһѧã徲ˡ
ᵽŵµϢжôѣֻܿ׽ӰĴԣ֪ŵµľʮа˾ŻԶﴫ
ڻٴӽͷʳЩʵ顪ߺû˽εİԴεӰֻĳѧá
϶ЦСĻʾҲˣ˵䣬ʼҵһλ
ͷû𻰣ʲôˣŵ»Сء
ÿ죬ͷһ죬һꡣ
ڶգϾǲ˸ܿš˹ˡ
ϴʧɫ˸˹ֻ˸֣ǹͳ溣ȥˡ
סˣѾ˹³ĵص㡣
ǵضȺɽ࣬ʻȥͽɽͷܵﺣʹ˹ܳɹó׵ĻҲѡ
ڴʱѾ˹һɽУ˳ŽӡλѾˡ
ϵͷԷόǣԲŰʵŵҵ֮󣬻һ𰲸˹
ϲϻؼŰ˹Ѿ͵ͷͷƭĵġ
ϸϸ䣬ǰʱ򣬽ϲûսϢ˹Ѿ׷ްˡ
ڹϵȰ˵£ҷ޵Ϣ
Ϊ˱סȥ˼뷽跨Ȱ˹ȥǵҩȴ޼¡
ȻʼɣǿǶǴ
ǿ԰е壬뷽˸׷ϽϣһɽѰ˹
һʱ橣ΪȰ˵
ܱס橵ҲԼĻȥùźһ
ԣ£˭ܰġ
Ѹ׼˳ܣ˵Ҫȥɽͷͷ˫ɫɻĲЬһ˫ѥ
꣬ɽ·ŢѥЬͷ˽š
ûѣ˾䣺ˡЬ˳
һ˫үǶĸ߰ѥЬպһŵϣֻǿһЩ׾
ɽ£ͱɽ·ʿ£ϱҪϵ֪һͰ׵
ʿ˾ȷݣͽϵһ̧Сӣߵ߶Ľɽ
ѥӶûϡ
תɽµʯ·ɽսȥ߾ûפصľʿ
ƧݻƵҶأηһǳһŵĵţ¸OO@@죬żвȶϿ֦Ĵ
ϲʱӣʾ䡰жԶ·
η˵ˣͷü尾޲Ը½ܡ
ûԶ·䲻ͣͷĽηûǰһЩ˽ţѿھͳǰͷ˾
һüûѯʵôˣ
˵꣬ԸҲ쳣ƺһصĴϢҰ޺ͷĺࡣ
ǼëÿӣСʲôϴ˰ɣ
ǰͷĽηһ½ӣͷСǰͷǱͷҰ˵۵ûͷа֣Ȼ·ߣ·͵Ӫˡ
ϸҪӦͷĽηһУˣ
ߣߣһ󾪻š
ϾӣͼǰͷĽηͼӣߵһģˤؽ
ϾһסţӣͼǰͷǽηֱͦͦվŲҶ
ѭƹȥһͷ˶ߵҰëںڣǷӡ
ȴȻķֱײ
ԭǰͷηɲǼܵûӰˣ
££
ϻѿھгûӵ³֡

96

ĽҰģҪ쿪ֻۣܵȽʬˡ
Թϲȣ֪Ҫܣ
ӣƼηŲ·ӴܱӰ
׷ϣȻһľ죡
ţҰȻһ˻
ŵܵĲͷƹȥͼҰڻĲзƵʱĳݴԡ
ǰѪ죬ϣȻ׹Ÿ˶Ĳ޼У
ĵоȣȴҰ˦˲޼УʼҴܡ
ݴкȻʧѭȥͼһƾ鲼ԷˣӻĲݶдܳṭֱֱִͷҰȥ
ѾôסֻҰʵƤëϡ
ǷЩʸûס㻬µء
ûд룬ʸȴͷҰӷĺ㳯Ķӣת۲Ӱ
ϾδҰʧķãŷẔ̌ڵء
ִ
ϽӲתͷȥͼֻմѪĲ޼ǰϸϸ
һǿΡΡߵԣл׳ʿ֮
һ̧ͷһʮ߰ݣ۾ڣΧϸɹߣǾʵģ
ǣϸŷ֣ˡ׳ʿǸ͵Ĺ
ƺԡ׳ʿƺϰΪһ֣󷽷ɺϰˣͷҰ˼ˣò״ˣ޼УȴʱͷĻ
˵űǲ޼һڡ
εЦЦһȰο˼䣬Ů׳ʿжңװز޹ߡ
ĥţĶӵĽηû׼᲻һȥϵòϮϢͲ֪òŻ˴Ѱ
ĴһûԼҵɽ·һڿɾΣˡ
ûӣֻͼŮ׳ʿɽˡ
ĺɰûڣŮ׳ʿʵǾ˼ҵСɣHҪȥ
æص֪Ѱ˵ľںδפ
Ů׳ʿҾүģ漴ȻҲǣɽˣҲ
ϲҲǾʿ
ǹҡҡͷۼɽԻչﶪ˸ҵʹ綼Ѻȥ·Ѱˡ
ϿЦЦˣ֪ǾӪĶ𣿡
ǹЦˬʣ֪ƬֱƼˣһȥκͳɡ
˿Цлκ壬ҽйϣɣڼҲҹҲɡ
κˬһЦңչ֣۵˳ѪҰѨ˾ˣ
ȻżҲõ˼һƣֻӦؽϰ
Ƽ˫ѥٵͷԼѾմȾŢ廨Ьͷ뻹ˡ
κƼϰѺö˶˵һ˫ѥڽͷ̣˺öȴҲû£һ·
֪ǲǽù˵ͷû߼·ͷ̫ڵ
һ̧ͷһεˮϣܿͻɴꡣ
ǻУ
챾ת·ˮ
üİӲͷƤǰͷ˵ĽŲߣȴκȻ̾ˣѪϴɾˣ󣡡
ͷɪĹϣκæͷиСɽۿЩȥա
ϸмѰͷϵ꣬Իһ·ȥ
ʱ͵˵ضȴƼǰһƬݵأˮһõ
ŵĲȽѥЬߣֱϥǣͷһƤֽˮ͸һһ̧ȵߣҲ̫Ϊѡ
ھ붴ɵľ룬һŲȥЬ׾پβˣ
ǰͷκѾݵıĵ£ͷִߴٹϿЩ
ȴ˿ûԼİӰУһϮӻɫӰɽ߳Ϣİ뿿ʯڱߡ
ôվӰĮȻŶǸݵڵŮˡ
ͬûԼѾĳԹ۵Уȫעôγ档
Ѿ㲻ƺûˡ
鼱֮£ֻ÷ѥѽŴѥΡ
һ˫С̧ˮ棬ֻЬ⴦ŵһɻմЩһֽ˲۵⾳
ӰеǸ˺ֱӣеĻһ
ʮ꣬ԼΪܹһصĶպɻǸҹֻһֻʯӣ˶ȫȫԼ
ͷһ־Ŀ֣޷
ǱҡҡλεҧҪ½ţһϮӻƳһӶ
̧ͷ嶸Ȼʧأͱһ˫ֱסϥѣᱧ
ǰһصתһžɫȻԾôϤĺÿȡ
ۣδѿںۼ䣬Ѿᱧӹˮ棬ʯ¡
ڵκû巢ʲô£عͷͼѾԡ
Ǹ޳İӰ֪Ǻʱߣ
Ӵκŵúһµʲôˣ
ƺǣûд𻰵ȤͱŹĬɽȥ
κع񣬾սҲ˽ȥ
ԽԽҫĿ
ͷžĲ𣬴Щʱʪˮľͷģɤһһŵɳ
һϵɽꡣ
κЩԾû뵽ɽ˱ϤΣ
˽ϸڻԣûΣյľٶ
κ΢΢иŹѡ
һ˲䣬Ż⣬κ˵ӣʱ·׵壬ĿɿڴĽԭء
ôϱŻʪ͸İɪɪСʳ˸ܴ⣬˼ҵȻҪɽԼҰ˽㡭
ŵ²õһۡ
ϴжϣǳ۵ԹޣǲˡԽԽ֣
ˡˡûдǸ⣡
ŵ¾ñһֱö£ʹӻֻѴսϵ
ŵùСèƵһţίʣҪҪ
£
һκѾع񣬿žŵºЦҲɽҾүģһͣˣҴһȥӪأ
䣬˫ɫбʳްĵ⡣
ŵκæ˻ؼηĿǰԵˡ
ʱƺѾ²ԻĹ
ȷУŵµĿźͻȻĶģ
κָҰʱķλԾŵʵй
϶ԡЩˣŵȴԾɰɸƵá
ҲҲ⣬ֻԴ
ϲ˵ɽһƬš
һκƳ˾ŵºüۣҪⱲǶôÿˡ
˶˵κڻԣֿǻ֪ӽɽ˭𣿾ǰӱ۴ĳƷǹƥԷɣȻصĹƷʾǼ𣿡
ĳһȭ۴ľŻŮ
£
Ƴȥƾŵɫƺûдݵ˼
ֻЦЦӦǰ˾ŵ¡
κһϥǣɲŵĺʥݳѲϣЩ˶֣ÿŵ㣬ҹһûˡ
ϣ
¶˵Ĵʲôİ汾ˣ
͵͵ƳһСޱ顭
ˣԻôǶԾŵĽмӣӦòᡰӿڳ
ĥ꣬κ۳ƷʾԡѪսȻذ˻Ů룬˻ŮΪˣѰٻӳ
ⲻ۾ŵ¶𣡡
԰ŵĽ䲻һü޿̲ͷܰѻ˵ȫôþŵ¡Ŭˡ
ۡϼæס죬ֲЦᶼˣһһġ

97

ʱ̣ѾƸǵ
ŵµý꣬ʼʱʱƳϵڡ
϶СľٶϰΪʶװǸֽ૵ŵ¶ˣŵ¶ˡ
Ĭ˲ûԸԳΪѾĵǸϰ߰ˣֻʣºɰѾǸˡ
ŵԴѹĶ˶䡣
϶ԲιСеܽǣŲŲƨɿŵ£һӪؾгԵˣ¹ԣһ̡
ŵɫˡڰ˹·ͻȻڻûϣӪֻʳ֮ζҰ˺͵عϣ̵ȥҲûԵġ
ԼĪ˰ʱͷƽ㶡Ʈż껨Ԥ̡
κҲңԾɴԽȥӪʡ
Ͼŵ£Ѿ·Ųܵ˼Իʱ䣬лκ·
ŵµ˵½ǣҲʶҪԻӪȰй̧һӣϵ͡
ϱֱýϸκĸַЩΪл
Ͼ˼İæ桰׳лЩݣοӸµġʹ͡
СǲЩġ
ΧûйŮͳ棬ŵµֻйִС
Ƭ̣ϲΥֻӲͷƤǰѺɰͳȻκľ֮Ϊֻ𣬾͵Ҹһ޼аա
κƾˡŵµʹ͡ԹˬʵЦЦȻѣͱڣ»أҿɾˣ
ˣ·ɣǵضܰĻȥͷ޶࣬Ը·
ϻͷƳһۡСŵԾûʲô飬԰˳κĺ⡣
˵ҲС󣬾ŵ¶һ޺գĶױ˵ɲһĻƿ
Ψջʱ˲Żһ˿Īвʱ򣬾ŵûʲôͱġ
Թϵ֪֮ǰġ廨ͷ¼Ҳδּ׾
ڵʱ򣬾ŵһϲĵȴԼԽݵء
κͺûһƨɶ׵ǰԼļ뱳ȥݽ
һ˲ܵһȵķŭӿ
ϧκֻǸƽûнܺͻӦŵսϢصȫС̨ķŭֺǺǵİѹϱݵء
ϱǸĻͷһۡ
СڶڣעκıӰһջʹͣȥ̱Сķ߿ģ
εĺ˿ûֺӸš
˳С߽
ʱǰͷ·κȻͣסŲꡱһͷΧĿ
Ϻĳӣᣬû쳣ζһɻĲͷŵ¡
ŵǳͫ΢һתɫЩͣȴǵΪѪζ
ϻȻ򣬿ȷʵһ΢ġϢΪеζ
κͷҰԾɹڻЩļСĸһ׷Ұ
ôȰκȸ·ͼǰͷκƺʲô鹭һӴܽһѻĲУ
ϼæ׷ǰݴԣͼԶ±ǰĻĲݣڸOO@@Ĺ
κϢһרע׼ݴкֵë
ȻСյĽŲžϤˮɤƹ洫ģüû˰ɣʯͷ
ϼæתһסС죡
ˡ
ϾôԴűԼסڵľŵ¡һ˫һӣ
ǳĽëº£дšǲǻˣ֡
ϸɿ֣ʵֻ̫ţĲ˳ԻԶѣһʱС
Ⱦŵ¡ݴеǲͷ죬ĴܿκæᲽȥ
ŵ²ԶɧƺȻʲôжȻרעɨΧĵΡ
гѨ
ϲСʲôֻۣǰ˫һǳͫһǱ㸡ʳʱе˷Ц⡣
£ϲʣͼС˳ȥ
תͼǰͷһϯӻӰɴκԣȻһײվȽʱκĹѾ֪١
ϣ
СȻ˼ҹ
ղǻƲ˼ҡ洫Ϲ
ϲͷһΧ۾ŵ²ԡ
ÿҶľΧԣȻȫŵ£Դ˲ϡ档
ͬǣΧԣõһһľװ
ʱϲ벻ףŵΪʲôͻȻҰȤǣ¾ȻǸϾõĹ
ɵó
һ˲䣬Сʵж˹ϵɻ󡪡
ͷҰܳݴԣ󲻶ԶһϮӻӰ
һǰ̤Ұϥ£ͷֱҰļ׵ż
һѪ˺ѵ죡
ֻҰëļʸֱֱҰ䴩
÷ϾɵĹӳµ
޴ĳҰǰѹŢ֮У
һйڼž
ϴԭأǰͷκ鶼ɳˣ
µ֧ҰһԾǰƺĿġ
ϼæ鲽Ͼŵ¡
ϵ±µʱ򣬾ͼСһֱһֻ໽еСҰ̣һԲдܳл˷ܵૣҪԿƬպƤ
ϣ
˹Ҫ֪ԸĳӣüСöУ֪᲻еΡ
κҵҵĴó۵аĽͷŵһҰ̶á
ľߵϸǰԸķͷ̫ҰϻӪء
ЦЦŵȻֻֻôնСκˣͬڲãҰζʡ
κȻ桰ڲáľŵ½ͷҰζӪغ󣬱ֺǺǵĽϻ˼ҡ
ŵ°žʿһ˳Щı⣬ȴԾɱκؾ˺⡣
Ӫפһƽͷɽ¡
ڹϳٳûӪأɳѰδس̣ѾӪ⡣
ӭӣԶԶƼڰԣҲȻûŵĴ꣬Ƕʪˡ
ŶվһͷУƺŵ·ԸƵķʽζ
Ȼԣ۵˰ɣôãһΪȥˣ벻ʪˡ
תͷҵķٵû¶Ѿˡ
ϵ˵ͷ֪ü׼˻ϴѣȥˮůůŰա
ף潭뿪ȴ˶Ȼסһѳԭأ
عͷϲ쿴ŵ¡
ŻרķԸƷʽأ˾ٶ
ǡŵת彭¶̫Цɿϵ󣬼̶סȻһȥݽţɺͳ
һΣԹ˵Լ˼ǲܣŻüǲ˰ѻϴ·ȥµӪʰգˮҪռ
˵ͺŹԼߡ
ϣ
ϣ
˼Ҿȥݽžͳͳˣ
ϱŵһ첲ǿ§ųǰߣֱסһŲŶ
عͷϳһסϵû֨
϶ʱɤۣһֺܱŤƱʾקţȻ̫ʵЩˣ
£
һλ¡ͬʱͷȴԼѡ
һڣתͷֿһ۽¡
һ񣬽Ѿɿķζڵأδͷ£ûŢ
ͬʱͷǸΣ
Ĭɿ֣зȵϼΣɾ黹
ŵ¶ȻʶˣȵֶΣ˲ɿϣԾԵٶƣڽǸǰһѶμ
˳ץһֵ࡭
¸ɴ䣬̧־ͽķβعϵķ٣
ϵ࣬˳ŷ˿ʵϵĶͷ޽ǡ
ŵǳͫ㣬Ǹʤ΢Ц
һԹϽʵۡ

98

ĬȻӣʼĨͷĻллµ
ŵ´ǾԼַȴˣ̧°͸
Ķȴûϵ΢Цü̾Ϣһǰһ̧ϲϵ
ָδͷϾͱԾŵȻӯԾһĶ˶µĴ
ͬʱպϹԴķΣֲұڵء
Ͼֵ̧ͷС󣺡²ҪˡͲҪˣ
ھŵµעȫڶһһϣֻһ緢ľɫգδע⵽ͷλ䡣
ţú֣ЩˣѾճȭ
ŻһֱԼ΢Ŀݰź֣ɫϢӽ
ϧýֵ׼ҲҪӵСãһĽѵ
û뵽ԼһİžקŹϣתˣ
Ƭ̣æ׷ϣ
ӪΧ߶ĺ۷ӣ׷𣬲ײ
ϱһջҲҴǳ⣬ʿЦֻҧгݵļ׷
ƾԼʵ׷ԼܻãǴǲܵġ
ڣ´˿Ÿƿϡ
ϱС֣ȺӴһ·
һҡҡ׹ķ٣Ȼ촭лȰ裬££Ҫȥʲôۣͣôţùһ㲻ʮ尡
һĻڡܼҳƿءͷһܵÿȴڹٶȵıͷٿȺнƶĶ㣬Գ˿ȵĻš
ţϾͼŵͣ½Ųתصġ
ץ˰ͣ첲˦µ
⧲ͺһ
һ¼æְ˽Űɾ۾
֮ʱѾû˷ŵĴݣҧгݵı˷һԾ̤Ⱥǰɽ׷϶ȥ
ʱڻţֻļз
ŽϴǰХ׵ĳԶɽɴܶȥ
һƬ
ϾȻмˣ
ϷȻתС£
˵ߴϢû˳һʱûСϮ׻ʽ㡱һ£ָ
ŵһž糣ĵȵıӰʧڱ֮Уתϡ
һͷѾɢҲ̧˫֣ϸһͷҷУ
һרעᣬɵĺһ
Ͻ˫ɫͫ£㾿Ҫʲô
ĥϵͣǳͫתﵭĽâγů͸͸ıʯȴǹ㣬ǲƬǿա
һʱļžԶӣĬŵɿ֣۽ޱͷش²Ǿ㡣
ϣ
ǶҲ
ϾžŵִֵĲգãڵ£ѾİˣҪ͡
ԾƫԴû𻰡
ǰŵµ½󣬵һֱôʳҪݣֺοģͳҪ޸µġ
»عͷ쿴㲻Ѿܻ𣿡
ϴۣЩ绹û̶ˣҪȻҲ޹סȥµլ
˫һã³ǣЦΪʲôǶ㣿
ʿϾԣ˼غʮ࣬ҵıӲӱ˹˸еݶ飬ԸӦеĻر
ǰĶ飬;Ṽ
˵ţͿͷѾۻӪأеüѰѾ̽ڸϢ
ϲԥæҪӭȥһλʾĳͻ
Ȼŵµĵૣɤᣬȴһ
ϣغʮģǹ¡
ɲǼǧ˼ľԺнںǰһ˲䱻ˮģ
ƿԣ֪λӦֻƵӪʣû׷
ϲͷѰӭҴϼæĨɾˮ
ӪûŮջǶԽԼϴ¡
ʱɫѽڡ
Զͷܶ߹ȥǽϻںһȺʿͷ죬յѰ·
ԾһۿͷڻԵľŵ£߬ŸС֦ͿͿ
ŵ±׵ļΧһȺӵĺУԵ
Ȼֻ֪Ǽ󣬹Ծ޷еĲᡣ
ŽܵѰƻȴ޷ӽįɫƿ
֮ʣ࿪ڻţʲô㶣˽δ߻ɽͷҹѰҪǲ͸Ͻع㸸ʵϢ
Щ壬Ūж»Щá
ϣʾЩ̬ȣúѵ
ͷľŵûɵ˿еָָ֦ϱԼճڵ˽ݣ̽ƬɽĵΣ߸ͷòˣ϶Ҳš
һȺⷬȴгۣʱ쳤ӿŵ¡
Ҳǰһ֪ûʮվͲῪڣ⻰һʹѾˣæ׷ʵɺƶ϶
´ͷ֦˵ɵĵͼ˽³ûɽ飬©٣³Ҳû򳵷ѯ·ȻжϳһƽɽͷΪĿꡭ
ϼ˵˵ĿǰĽۣķλ𣿡
ŵ¶˶٣˳ӵĽ֦ϷλãɽܹʮԻ˽Ǳһˡ
ϷĿһ˵֮ͽתµ
ڣ
ɽȫԻΧ
潭µ˵ͼһĿڵΧһˡ
ŵԣϸ֦յĵͼüôȷ⻧˼ҷģ
ŵԾޱ鿪ڵһһպôϻɽ£˽㾭˴ĿԼ
类ץ·ļԻ֮УΨҵжһֱܿɽ£ʿɽͷ
̸ʱἰԼǰտİ׵Ůˣһ𳯶ɽͷȥ
̧ۣ޻ʵĵɫֱֱϣսۣ˵һ𡯣ô뿴ˣҲ˵Ӧÿ˽ԻŸ֣һ㣬Ի֪顣
⽫ʱȻ׷׵˿̾ԭˣ˶һ˳ʾڶɽͷ֧ѲĶ飡
ǻˣ
ȥƤ
һˮ͹һһҹĽǶʱըˣŭķ׷վ
ϼԾڻԣüŸʲôЩôЩͬ˵һӲ⣬Ҫ񸸻ʽ
ŵ´ͷģ˽ܰȫ
Ϊʲô
üͷ˿Զ÷µĹϣԾնԼСòʣֻºһѯϸԭ
ˣգһȥˡ˵ţסֱۣʩᡣ
бһ۰Ĺϣ̧ͷίĿϣƲִ£
ϣʲôʱܻãϻûʹء
һ漴һĺУ
һƿϵ֣СƵõܻǰͷšüͷôأŵ»СأлӦúú˵
ϣ
˲ɲбŰСõĻʽˡ

99

һͨ߿֮󣬾ٲϽͣһĹػŵûﱻˡ
ί޿κΣֻöͬһܻ꺮ů
ʱ׼׵Ķ̣ɽѰҰ˹
ʱị̃ɽּ䱡İ
лһشǵĻ⽥һɽ·ԶԶȥ޵ҹգ˺һ貵Ǻӡ
ɽ·᫣ǰ׼СΣηɽȴûἰҰ֮¡
ϱͽУջǱϰһֻªĶ̧Сţн
ΧֻиOO@@ĽŲɽϡ
ڱʿ߿ڼĲϣƽ¶ȣ˼ţں֮С
ͷȥŻҫ֮׵£ڶҰ޵ʺ
ִţôĹԸһΣδ֪Ŀ־壬ɽԽҲҪѰԼķ
һ·˼˹뷨н
޷һ
һˣĻΪʧȥһ˶޷
ôһˣʹþȫȥ޷ֿܷʹࣿ
ʶתͷԣǸ˵Ӱʹ˺УҲܽһѰ
ŵ¡ŵһץŴƤ㣬ŵĿʳ
ôѿ·ˣ
üתͷƽɽ纮̵֭ȥԿ˻Զϲܡ
еãʱȫСʳϰ߽ˡ
ԼĪʱг̣еĲѾĿĵذΧ
Իҵʯ߷ػΧ룬һڶͷڼſڣųһУǰĻʼ
켲ǰֵѴѰլ⣬Ծûа˹ټһʣ˷ܲϣǷ󣿡
ϲͷŻãˣû֤ӷţЩҳ
ŵ½ʳһ̴ӣתͷ°ͣźʿʪֽΡΡǰΪƷʾǺ˫֡
Ȳ²ɾʿµüվȽţŵüһѶֽͷһԼɾǡ
ֽϸϸһа޳ָΧլӵʿӳ˫ɫҡҷ
Ⱥ룬һȫڵأ΢΢̧ۣͼһӻɫսŵӰȻǰһء
һվ
ͷ̧
ǳԵöɤȴɡ
һС˳ӵ̧Դ
ǰվŵ˽ڣŻ⿴ݣڵϵһŮȴϳ˽µΡ
Ů˾ǰ¹ϵŮκ
κ̧ͷԾĿžŵ£Ϊ˷·绹һӻɫԽˣʱѻһϮѥֵս
µĿȴûκͣͷӡ
һͳˡ
Ÿͯĸ˻ڵһԵбԩȴԿڡ
ϻվŸˣһԲĵͷӷŵıƹʼû¶κεı顣
ա
ԣһȽס޺Ը
κˣ̹վ׼ԩ
һǸҲĬվ
п޺ԩķ˿Ƚľվ
κԩ֪ΪΣȺӲ˵˽˴Ĺ
ۼԼе㽻飬ȴ޶Եɫ̲ס뿪þŵϳԼ
ڣͼŵԼҳԣͷ˵˾ʲô
ɲǼ䣬̵ľ飬ͻȻޱȣţԴҵģ
˶˲ʱ̹׵ںɽҴȥٴЩүҪ
ԷղŵǾ仰̿ʸ˾һֱҪ
ұ˽ԸֻϧҪҵɺǾֽͬȪ
仰˲ʧȥһ翹ɣֻλĹԶʹࡣ
һԷûԼĶѾͺͿıһȺʿ
κѹζ乫ˣԼĴ磡
һ󾪺ľűĺͼԼͼ˶Դº֪飬ȴʿѸò˿ڡ
κĽкɻѸٲȺȥŻ⣬屻󸿵һˣʱ죡
κǰһȴʿ
κ˹ϣ㼱еͼ
ô
ϳԾϧϾκӾ˺ʵڽ޷侲Թۡ
ע⵽ͷɧ㼲֧ɻĿŹϵôˣ
ΣϽʱ֪˽ϣҲ˵κԼİľ
Դʧɫ漴ջô£Ĳңη򣬱ǣ
ǰȰοŭ¶龪һұ˵ŴѰ˹񣬶յǣҾͲòվ˵һ䣬κˬһҪԭίҪԩˣ
һ̾Ȼ˰⻧˼ǣѾ϶ˣϾǰŵƶϣ˵Ҳ󡣡
ϸӲϱǰͬκ̸˼䡣
ʱɽѰ˵ĶѾ̻
潭һӭȥ㿴˹ҲУɫǿıֲ߽
˿
ϵһǻǣڼϰ˾ǿɫ˲仯գ첽ǰȰ˵䣬㽫ѸٴӪأԤʱɽع
˽һҹ
ªһΧվλʾ
ŮŻŮԼõϢӺ߻ӣͷΧ˼ȦӶ겻ȥ
ʾһǻԹߣŽ橵񣬶𱸵̣ƺΪӵľٶʮֲ
Ψֻ򸸻ʵǶ˽橼䣬λӵġȰοٶŶ԰˹Ƿݳıġ
Ͼȵķ֣λӶڰ˹Է飬һֽƳĲм
ӣȰ˵˻Ůѡǻʼҷ緶
ùϳԾǣͷʾѰͬʱ򣬾ŵ¾ȻЦЦһϰΪ˳ģ
϶ʱȭͷͷϣҪⷬε֮ʱȴûȵϲķӦ
һֱĬİ˹ȴڴʱӣдƣɤŭЩ񣺡磬ûһҸܵˣûʲôմմϲģûԹˣҶԲɱġ
һ㶣Ҫֲڴʱŭȵİ˻ãֻðѻ̻ض
ò˹塱ͷ⻰˵üֱȵͦΪѵʱ磡
ס橱֣һ橶㣬ˣΪȴڹķ
ΪʲôɻĿ
⼸һֱ˵Ĺ飬ûл״£ֻնɺ
˵Ҷס橱ͷһ꣺ɸʲ빬ֻ뿴һۣǣҶǵһնȥˣֻۿǷ񰲿
ʱʾҴ
̾һ䣺Щοִţ
ϼ̹׵˼жʱһ˼Ƭ̣ҲŵЩõģһգļݺ飬ҲȻϣȴǣңˡ
ΰʾǣλûǷȣ
˵꣬ϻתͷŵ£ʵ£˵ǲǣ
ţŵ䲻Ȼ֪ӦôǡͻȻ׸Լ
ŵ漴ʮ־ġԴˣ
ǲԼսɳˣ
ϲС˲Ϣαô£Ծɼе׷ʵ˵ǲǰ£
⡭ⰵŵȫϣˡ
漴ͷ𵹣ǵȻ

100

ɡϵõµӭϺĿ橣ȰҲôΪ
ֻʾĿڱսһϣԼİˣȻȹ
ȴȫûʶԼһʣѾԵĳСƽ˾·
ϸɴĻش꣬һɵӭϮ̧ͷһƣͼһ˫ɫֱֱԼŲɡ
ЦҡҡͷĻشȷʵǷģԸöİѰҸ
Լܻ˵ȷ̫Ϊˣųô󣬴ûϲֵ֡塣
˭Ҳ㰡
ŵһǻԹ߲ʣšʶӢۡıȻתͶԼĻء
һ֮󣬾ŵڲе©ϵļǡʾս
Ϊһ԰ʮĳƷʾŵΪּǲģսһԼ
ԣʹŵҲԶжֵһ졣
֮ͨ󣬾ŵſȴֱѾһ⡭
ŵʮ־ɥԴ
ϵȰοûõ˹ĻӦת⣬һԻʾ곤Ľϵ㣬κ˰գǶ޹ģκٵ飬κҲҵš
̾˿һ˫עӽ橣֪ߵǿͷţǸĳ˶Ѳ飬޿ˡȻҪСͽ䣬Чȡ
˹һʱԷ
κֳһʧȥ׳ͶԺκϵĵӱȻء
ǾˣĲ̣ңӪʹóֻǳڶԹĽŻ֪鲻԰˹ûж⡣
˼Ƭ̣Ͽڵ£˱Ͼ˹ּ⣬Ȼûϱ٣ȴҲûиžѲ鰡ܴܲӿã
ϼ̻֮⣬ֻõͷ룬
һԵȴüͷ˵ĴŶɽͷһգ˿漴üôûиѲ飡˵ŮɽͷȥˣݵŴ綼Ǻϣ⻹ǹ𣡡
˹ȷʵԽɽͷΪ˺ĸңɽȻʣʵȴͼգ綫ɽ·ƽɽûǣ
һ㶣ͷʾ
ǡ뽭¶Ŀ⡣
ϰСһԼͰ˹ûԲ˵ˡ
Ȼ˫һﻹŶԹǰʵĲʣЩĮȻ
´³۽ޣ˼ɤȵȷʵѲ顣
磬Ѳ鶫ɽеļҪشþһҰ޳Ѩ˰˽ͷΣɢһظɺԵѪУлżǺ͸⡣
ԣʶ˹ͷ٣Ȼ˹岻ˣƺͷ̫Գơ
ϻ⣬ʱüŭļ󣬺þ޹
߻ӹԾͺëǺͰõͷΣɷˣ
ʼ磬Ȼˣǳ淴ùȷ˽ǰȫġ
˵ɴ۾ϽסΪʲô
Ŀϣ漴ۣ̫Ѩ˸Ȧ
ǡñľƣ
ϣ
ûСڣʱټһĻȻеһ˿
С㶣Цһ¶һС˲õֳ©ٳһص֮УȻаҰ¹ǣ׷ֱ档
˽Ѿת𣬾ʬȡ
Ѫɢ뷢ΣЩ޹ؽҪΣ廨Ьûһֻ˱ȻΪð˽ж硣
ɴ˿ɶ϶˽ݣǱΪ䡣
ЦǣʱԼĽӡûµĽߴ磬˵ӦĴ֮䡣
ԣκ˸һжϳݡ
ϣӪһƬžĿɿڴ
죬ӣκĴڽˣ
ĹĵбۿС
Ǹ߳˲ǲСʱһɣ
Ȼ仰κʵˡ
ϺͰ˹汯ݵĵͷԸķľ
ôôܺӣܱﾾ䣡
üͷ뿪ǰȰοû£ؾʣֻΪ˰ģȻᱣס㱨
ʱ̧ͷϲĿϣ֮࣬߳Ӫʵľŵ¡
ؾ֮ƽ
ѮϱŸ֪ϣκֳѾȻس̡
úһգŷͨ˵иԻĹϽ
ϲµκԳŽӭ衣
κ˴ֻɽһҰúҰ¹ɵѬ⣬һŰʵʵɽΣϣ˵Ϊ˸лΪԼҳ
ϿЦã˽³˵Ҳôĸм˽
һҰζǹϼʵڡĻ¸ˡ
ԾɲգʾκϴԼ޹أûı¡
ҪظϸԼйأԾĹ˿ɿˡ
ʱ򣬽ûԻջˮȫӳͷˡ
ԹϲϹб£
κֻ˵Լ̽ˣ˳ЩƷ
ϼʶѾͷǿԸ񣬲£ǲݵġ
ɿһҰζ˳κеĴҪˣһڳʲôҰ
Ĳ̣βƥ˼òϡ
˼ȥռĸ׻бŵСԸӼͷκһͯõĽһúõƱӲǱκˡ
ֱδʱị̃κ
ϻصԺڴκҰζѬ⡣
߽ʱϲɽҰþǱȼĽʵһǴ󲹣Ƹǹö׳ʵϸ㶡ģҲһҰⲹһ
һӦţձײ𿪵Ұɽϡ
ɽͨƣФͣܲ룬
вһǰز֮ʣϼҵһɽΣ˳ơɽʥˮ
ĿɽģǰţǼΪƵġ
ϸϸΣЩɻ
뵽ܹʥȻͨԻܹѰãûٶǣֻŸɽ׵ղ
ת붬ϵѧչѾʱЪҵڼůϹȻӵĹ´ּպ빬λʺϯ˾ǡ
ЩѾˣԼڳ͢˾ְôЩûκζ˾ôͻȻԼ
ּ
ʵôԵ޹
᲻ׯ
ⲻûܵġ
ԴʧȥƷ֮欶ġʹ͡ơ
ʧȥĿɽƾУȲֻؼǰһٶ
һҶô꣬ׯ뿪£̽ϸ˼Ҳδܡ

101

ٶƽҲ޼£ǲȽ鱨ϵ̸֪
ְʵͻأڹ⿪꣬ԾɶĿڶ࣬紵ݶָƣ˷ȴ޴Ӳ̽ʲôڻʵ۸ǰἰ˹ϡ
һֿԣǻʺģƴ󣬹˾ֲ㣬ŽְԱȫٻعд
һֿܣֻׯ˽¾ټˣνͨ죬Ҳ޴ӿ̽е˽ׯһһʤ
ϵĵҲǵڶֿܡ
鲻ãǲȥ˾̽ͼȡϵ
õĴȴ⡪ʦѾʾǰ޷Ķ
ֻͱԻ빬
֪ǰһգѾׯż㣬а棬ҪԹ϶κֽš
ȴû뵽һٶ׵ȼׯŭ𣬷ӵı졣
գ빬֮һɱϢŵЩ
δ֪Ŀ־壬ڽ뿪ﵽ壬ڹ˾Ѱ
ů٣ֻյʱ䡣
ůǰһգǰͳգʱ䣬ǲ빬ġ
ְʱڹ˾ĺַ͵ּǹޡ
ѾĻʾ͢ʱֻ֣ͨҹĹŮʱ⴫ϵ١
ԭţ˯ͬһ䷿˰ЩְȴΥɤ
϶㣡
תͷͼƷϹٷʦԼ
ͷ߸ߵ٣ױݵţȳƣ˾ǼǸ԰׵Ӱ
ǣһϳҶã
꣬нǲԶݣȫѸ֣ؾǣγ͢Ů١
񣬵ݰ֦ѾȻ
ӭǰסҶŵ֣òż㻹ڹԿͷ죬ƷҲǸƷĹְҶ˲ǡ
ҶŴ˿Ѽۿ죬ŴԣüγԣôЩ꣬Ŷű飬ֻϧְѵóڽˣȴҪֵ
ϼ궼յҶŴӹ˴ȴȫת͸ҶŰڹĸ
Ҷŵ֪޿κΣţڹǲ׷Ź뿪
󣬹ϱ㱻ҶȥԼסһȹա
иϤˣбһݰȣοҶְλͣڵסҲܣϱûоܾĺ⡣
һзƽ˾˵ů٣ϱһʦȥ˽̩
̩λǬ幬֮䣬䡢䣬ЪɽĽбɵܼ̽𱦶ʻϻԲĽɫϦɷǷ
ʱɫδϸʦ輧ĶУȻĽ
ƽȹǰգԾɲҷɾ裬ϯʱעׯһһ
ϣԷҲͬڹעľٶĿеĵԲ˵
ͬʱϯڼ䣬ĸƣδΰʾҪҪΪѹϣׯɫɷס
ׯίʵԩȻ֪Ѿʧȥ˰Ĳ£ȴǵãս̬УԹϵ̻֮顣
ˣλƷʾ˵ĻɫׯҲǲҪ鷳
˴ι빬ίʵǣ
ԣ϶ξ棬ׯеίȼ˼µķŭ
ǣɢ֮ׯûʾǻڻʵۻʺǰ̸֮ʣټϣ볤𻰡
ׯôǳڶԽԼı
ʵϣʹϣׯҲֻˣˣƤϵ磬Ͼ˭Ҳܿ϶ͷֵλɽǷѾĳ뿪
ȴû뵽ټ˴Ӽ޻롪
һеıǰѾ׵
Ǵùׯ뽭ϵìܣʦ빬֮ʣıɱϣ޻ׯ
ʦȻҲǴӶֽš
ôһ˼ϵ欱֮
Ľ볤ϱżϵ漴ׯ˲Сͻ
һҹоա
Ȼµҹ͢ˡ
ԴӶԣʵǽһĻ
ϵҹصҶסƣһֿµԤһҹδߡ
ڶգʽϯ
һҹδߵĹɫȻŶʱĲɡ
Դ䲻ײǰͷ˵ĺ󱳣̧ͷŷʦǣ׷׶ŵŷ
򸣽𰲡
ϲĿţͼ³̨֮ϣͷֱֱķǳͫӳȾŽɫͣýһʦס˺
ϻعæŶ׸밲
ͷֻ˫ͣԼǰܽľ룬ͬׯ
ʵصµĻׯټͣǡøϵ
ߡ
ϱⲻõһ̧ͷƣͼŵĿϵĿڵɢϯ֮һͬȥ̽ȹ
ϣ
潭ϼׯСȹȥҪַˣ
ϾãӴԺʳûٸ˵ýˡ
¡澽ȣͼƾֻܵׯټ̶ͬ󣬲ȥ̽
ŵȻûأʩʩȻת̤ţֻһ仰
ɢϯԹԺŹ£ĶҲȥ
ᡣ
ŵ뿪Χ۵Ŀ⼸˲Ҫû
ҶŶ̲סͰ͵ոաǿǾŵ£
ϵͷСţϵá
ҶһڣȻ֪ϵþŵ£˼ǡղҪĸˣǴĳƷʾŵ°
Ȼϲ֪Լ޷ݵȥݷùΣǣС˵ҪԼֲ̿һҹģڰ
ů¡صö࣬ʾַ̩Իʺ󾴾ףء
ͬŵ¼νѬ̬֮
ѾԼľԸķˣµĺ󣬻챿ĸ¶ʮֹɣԲơ
Ƽŵÿؽᾯɨһۣȷûš
͸Ǹⱻ͵ƵáɫʮϾ
ȻҲ˾ŻöԹϵĹע
谭ɱƻĽС
˼֮󣬴ӳý»ϯ֮ʱԶҾƣǰϾŰ羴һ
æ¿ӣӹӵľյ
һѬ˵ҾϢƽգµҲⳢԣɴʱȴ΢ü˫ɫǳɡ
ϻ¶Ҫ졣
ŵ⼸ԼľѾˣ˳ơһֻ̧ͷӣܣͼѾͷһһơ
ǽڳضСմƣʱȴλʾȥʾơ
ԥƬ̣һ֣ˬһ
֮󣬾ʲôǵˡ
ɱڵչӷָ
빬żٰ̫̩࣬ٴùǰȺׯʾ¡
·ͻȻϲ֪Ǵӵ£Ϊׯϰݡ
һ̽ϲٵУнƣԾŵɢϯڴ˵ȴĽӣϯ;Էǲʾǵػ˵ɢϯس̡
ϯִ˻ʺ¾ˣϾտóׯҲֻǿͷ磬ҶԼ֣˼ǰֻø뿪
ʱҶŶһۣ۶ǲ 
ҶƺܵóĻ֣̿ʱ飬һ˼֮󣬴ƫ˴ͨϵΣ
֮УҶתǬ幬ŵɲǣӭŵײ˸
ԷǸ̫࣬ΪԼײλӣ׼ġ
󱻼Ů߹ˣҲͣѬĽŲ
̧һ˫һӣãȻҶš

102

ŵ£Ҷļ٣һײ˱ץס˾ݣֱׯ̴ˣ
ԣ˫ʧȥĵɫ΢΢תŵüգ
ߣ¡ץ
˵꣬¾ż⵹ȥ
̴ԭҪžŵ£ȥƫѾϢֻüӣһȥˡ
Ҷű棬ȴѷ־ŵ´ʱ࣬а˼⣬ǻȥҶһˡ
ͬʱѾǰͷ˴ˣԽ̩Ŵ¡ţǰʱΧһʱʱ߹
˳ţΧͶȻƧûһ˿졣
Īģһ˵ĺӺȫҹΡ
µİɴĻƵĵƻȴҲһ̵Ӱ
һɵĶǰͷ̴ӿڴ⣬ôӰţ
ǰͷȴûлشĻȴأԼӿ˽Ų
һ⣬ΧķеĿ־ͣ˽Ųɣתѵͷ
ǰͷŵ˾ķľٶʱһ˿̶Ĳͣȴܿ컻˸Ƶ̬ͷϣ˸ջأ·˵ٰ˵¶ʱȫˣͻģЩŰա
ϸӺɣʶһ
ҵĵƻ֮Уǰ˵ף͸Źɲͬڹ̵ķ·ɽȣһɱܵĿ־塣
ĳֶΣյֱùϾ侲ʲô¶ܰĹȫߣǻڽ̩أҪ۸ϽȻȥ֪һ
òġŴԣµѾѾȥˣЩҾˡ
˳µȭͷ
˼״¶ɱ⣬һֱӽŮ˻Ρ
ǰԸˣʬϲϰ֮µˣһʱҲ֪Ǻãֻܾϡ
תķ糵һ㣬ֿµĲ벻ϸԺǰ˲ƣٳûж֣Ŀɱ
ӣ
ֻʣһ֣ٳɣԼһ֮ɲǣת񱼣
ɻûһͱݵһѳס٣͵һקϱͷ˻ȥ
ʱʹȣɤһڣһִֻƣͺݺݶסĿڱǣ

ڰж˾һ𣬹ϱ˵ı۰סȽŻڷߣȴԾռϷ磬˱˰ţϽĲţ·˵Ԩ
о
Ϊʲô
ΪʲôׯҪɱ֣Ϊսϵð
ôң
յĽ̸УׯԻ͸ŶԽµļɵôܡ
ѵô׵ȥ
ΧĲľѸӹǰ˳ͣ˳ϽǵһƬԾ֮С
ϾȻ߿ݴһƬڸǵľ飬¶ͷںõӣͷһΰ籡

Ŀ־ʼͽ͵
˿ϥڿǰİ籣ŲæһȦ
༸ײţʹıۣڷ˼ׯΪҪԼ´˶֣
ʹǰԹ޻۵ıȽ̣ׯҲ˼ϵĸܣҶɱ֣񡭡
ԣ
϶Ȼ˫ۣжȻ
ΪʲôҪð籣˵ֶԣɱ練ơ
˴ʱѾɿ֣סӵİˡ
ʩǣȻOO@@ĽŲ
жʱȼϣŤӸҪٴαסڱǡ
Ȧסӣ͸ݴɵڣˡ
ڰеƻ΢ֻϡһȺŮ̴ӵģӰҴȥ
üͷڵ͸Ų̵ɱ⡣ɻôôй߶ѵǳа©
֮ʣ̧͵һ߸ǰһƬݴԣϸ΢ԵһƬȴʮۡ
˼æ˼֦ܿ
ȻѾͷĶ׷תͷ
ŵҲתƫͷɻĿݴԣžŲԹŮݴԼ
ΪȺ˷Լʱŵÿ۽˹ϵ塣
¶٣ͱɡ
˫ֻóūˡ
ѾɤۣеĿݴڿȺ
ڴʱסֱۺȻɿ
ϾĴȥͼ˴ӻͳһ֧ڣĵ¹ɫĹ
ָ͵һ֧ھȻһ৵Ĵ˲ֳ֧ڣ
ȹϻ˼ٻֳڣȻƱĿ׼ȷݴ˵ʺ
һ죬۾
ݴļӰ⧲Ǽ䶼ŲӿʼƬ̣һ̱ȥû
عȴݴ⣬Ǹ˵еӰԾɴԴһҲûеء
ϸϸһ˵ƺȾǰŹǰһΣʱһ
˾Ȼͽֽסİ
һǣ׵¹ⲦһƬɱ֮ĳԺǰǸͦεӰ
ͫ
Ǿŵ£
¶Ȼ̧ۣһ˫ɫ͸Ľëݴԣҹ֮Σյޡ
һص
ţȴŵ˻ΣģǿվסŲнͰ͵ŵ㡭ŵ㡭
űһر̴ʺĹŮǣȴӵ
ͷһһָľϯ
ŵֺȾˡ
ˡ
ţиĵһͷҲ̿˺ŵ£
Ϊһѱˣ׳־ģʵѵá
Ҳ֪˫͵һŵ棬Ƶһȣǣ˦֮С
ص˲ѿƣþȫ£ܣ
¡֣ʱŵûɢŻŵһסϣһԾӡ
ѣֱȴȻһ
عͷͼӰѾվԼһֳŹϵͼԼק
Ϸסŵµ̧֣ͷɤӺȣ˰д̿ͣ˰
˶ʱ¶ţ鼱֮бſϣѡ
뿪ǰʶͳһöͼŷֹ׷ᡣ
ŵ´˿Ѿ׽ϣһ˫ǳǸʱİ̬֮޷
һƬž֮Уһǵ죬᲻ţȴ·ܴ͸ϵĶĤ
˫Ŀ֧ڣŵµ磬ǳɫ½ϣѸӿѪ
Ǽֽű䣬·ŵѪҺ˱ϻȻתһѳסɿԼˣҧס󣬷·Ҫҧ¿
˳ʹĵͺһһѽ˦̣ȴѾʧȥʱ
һ˫ȵƶȻסգһѵ죬ֵ۾δüϣԴȴѾŤ˿µĽǶȡ
һƣ˱Լںõ֮С
£ˤ߻صĹһȳһտ񱼶
»תͷ¹³ϴǦ̬
ſ˫֣֮ǰ㣬һͷԽ˽»˺ѷεĿ޺
ǰİϹ߶ѾѪȾ͸ϻŵİס˿ڣȣ˰˰
ΧԾɾϲᣬԼסŵµҪűߡ
ȴζˣعͷͼŵãȻɫعζ漴üͷ潹꣬޴ȥ
ϼæסŵµ嵽¹ԣˣܶһ̫ҽ
ŵ··Ļ̧ϵʹ㶸Ȼԥ˳
϶ʱһ˫̧ʱѾһ
ϵĵҵʹ޴˺󼸲˦ϵ֣ʼҾ½ͼĪļʹ˦ȴ޲
Ͼ¾ŵ˫֣ôòӦ
ֻͽ͵ĿǰѪӡ
̫ҽ
ϵɫľƬ̣սӲ̧֣⿪Լ¿ۡ
ǰһŵ壬۾ţƾǹ΢Ϣ֣ԼķӦ
ʱϵϢѾȫſɢϢϢؽڿУǰĽİ
ֻһ˲䣬һǿľϢأӿĸǿҵĻӦ
ŵµȻֹǱʲôתע
Ծɱۣ༸ײؿڣ֪Լʲô
ϢĽϱܣҲʧܡ
ĽϣʹǳȱǣҲܰƻָԽǸƷľԽǿ
õ̫ҽ
û취ľŵ½ֻ׳Լ塣
һ˳ͱǰ͵˵ڵء
屻ݺ۵顣
һӴصĴϢżе£Բһ·ա
ϻۣһ˫еĵɫӡ

103

ҶŻ佹Ƶĵȴʱӣӵ۰ǰ˵ЩʲôȻǰϻҼĽ̸
ʱǱȴٳټžŵ¹Ҷļ١
ԼĪ˰ʱ䣬ӵ۶վŵܹܷԸһ䣬ܹܱȥ߻ӣһͬǰ𻰡
˵֮Ҷżӵۿ˿ǰλʾȻ¶ɻ̬֮ű
Ѱŵ£
Ҷһʱûһͬǰ֤ʵׯԹϵĵѣؾùϳװľսӡ
ٶ̫ʵ۲ׯ˽£ôׯһϵˣɾˡ
ҶŲϣûλʾıӣҲûйյڹУȻģһٶԣίʵΣ
ûԥ̫õʱ䣬㰵˾ġ
ڴӵ۽ͰȥƫѾ֮ʣҶž͵ͷʾ̴ӵ£޷ӽֻܸϣŵ·ǰȥˣδأ
ӵһǰĽϸ˫ĿתʦǹϵѣиȴֲóȻѯʡ
ôջ𣬽ҲĸĶͱ
Ҳ󣬴ӵͷŻʵ۵ɫϽ亹
ʲôˣӵüͷŮʦ
Ҷ͵͵ȥɽԼ̹ĸΪΪ׵
ӵע⵽ߣ漴ͷϡ
ǰһǰȥ£
ӵۼиɻ󣬱㸺ƹһȥ
**
ͥԺҹУ¹ĵڱƵĻ֮С
΢խĲݴԣȼбڶյ¶ȡ
һҵĴϢŻᡢĻӦ컵һƬأ·ֻʣǸʧصˣҪĵϡ
ϵ½Ѿؿڣͷ¼˺ѿ¶Ƕ˵
ϾûͮʷСʾ͵þŵ²£˹˫
ľ˱·Ҫ
ؿڼҵţˮʪ¡
л룬ҪѸٽϣһУϢţƿŵµҵķ˿ˮճգ΢ɤ¡ң
δ˵꣬˫ɫӾͽ壬ͷסĶ㣬˱
ʹͦţ屻ɢŨȵϢء
ŵѾջͷԣѪӿȴ֪ںη
ϲͷÿ˿¶ԼѾȫ͵壬ḧŰ㾫µӣžŵ£ҵλá
ԭʼıܣڸܵǹɢԴͷ֮ϵˣͬʳ㣬һҧסؿڡ
ѹõ籡ڽڲһ
ѾǹǿϢس֣ҵĿùȴ޷ܵԡ
δĸܣ峹ΪǸ˴򿪣ڴŸĽϣҪȱǣǣ
¡ʣǣùڽǳȱǺ
ϵȴƺѾҵ·ɿں㿪ʼһ˺
Ҫ۾˫߬סԼ죬ǰˣĻа˺ֻ̬֮·νʿϿ
¹֮࣬У鿴ƣ㾾ŵ½ֻİݣƯµ˿ںȻѾ衣
ʹˣ㿪ʼѣһβˣȴҪԷ
ϳžŵֱ˺·Ѹ
ŵ̧ͷ¶ɻɫһ˫ɫǼеһ˿İ⡣
͹ˡ
Ϊˣֺαмģ
ɶԷȴûзŹ˼´³ĽëסϵĽһ
һ±㱻ϻǸеĻڱ͵һ绬䵽⡣
ڽ¸ٴס˫֮ʱһӰȻԾݴ֮У
ⲻ֪ܵӣ
ȻϵɤǼס
žءһȭͷѹϵľŵ˲䱻һȭҵһԡ
߷ۼŽȭͷ򽭳£Ǽȵĺ⣬òæҵĺڽ¸ǰ£Ҫ֣ŵˣҡҡԸģ
ӵۼһعŮʬףʱ溧Ȼ
æÿݴԣͼһͷŮ˹ڽϽ¡
󣬻иѬӰκͼ
ϸϸһԼҾŻŮ
ϷŵԼŮ˵ı粵ʱӵ۲²ŻŮƺԵĿܡ
ʵսȭͷֻһͷǾôĵĳƷʾɨء
űתԶ̫Ĺƣе˳ţ߽ݴԣȻȳ˶ָͨ㲻Ҫͷۣ
ӵ۵߽ҲѾվ˦˦ԴתͷãȻˡ
һƵӵ͵һŵǰһգͼǺմѪǽϵģƺ˵ˣ
ڵϵŮ˷˵Ļӵ۶ʱ絶ʣæת촫̫ҽ̫ҽ
͢һƬ֮С
ϯеĻʺžŵ¸ˣö¾յͽ׷ȥ˳
ӺŵȹѶǰһѣû
ʱǱ½ϵڳխ޵޵
ι°ľŵ£²ѣ˿ȴֻǼ򵥵Щҩ
̫ҽϻ̳ϿֵıʾֻƤ֮ˡ
ʺţָŻµ·ϰ߰ߵѪ⣬ӲҪ̫ҽҽΡ
̫ҽʮ־ȣѪԭȷʵأϾλƷʾ˺֮òŴ̫ҽƿ¶ϲϵٶȡ
ʺͣһͨ󣬴һ޿ĺȥһʵֹȥˣҪץסԪףʬΡ
ʵͷʹϣ˲ý롣
Ըģιʾָܾ飿̫ʦϣӵɫϡ
Ϲڵأҧ´ãٴظūֻΪҽξŵ¡
ӵ۲˲ıǣΪ˾ˣҲյʾȻ˳ļĺӦõһٻ
ūѾ
ˡӵһ˿ŭϼȻûлԼװףʲôѵģ
Ӧʣ֮һȥȻΪ޵Ļʶ㣬Ҷɨأ
ϹūѾ
ʵһİվָָϣͳգҲңȴºٰѣҵһ̤
ٶдǣޱ壡
ϻһʱңͷڵש֮ϣãūл϶ּꡣ
ܹ̫鴦׵Ͻϣ˵ʺ
ϱ𣬽Ӳվ˵һԡ
ʺ汯ݵҴ߽ţ˻ʵ۸ǰ
龭֮󣬱ĿһɫҰ׵Ĺϡ
һתͷº͵ĶԻʵЦ֪ǰϺˣƿɲ֪öء
£ȹôø̧֮λɣ
ʵһ˿Σ˶٣ЦСʶǧһĳƷ󣬰ǰѾǰ׵֮λﻹпȱ
ʺԤ£ԱҲǿתԹϵţǹ˾ʦǰɼţ
ϽӲĸһګګūǾŵµĹӼ
ʺԶʱһĬ̾ԭҲǰܸ׹ȣֵ֮λأ
⻰˵ʵģʺҲǰ׷ʵۣ÷ʮأӭȢ
΢ֶãⲻ̫ĳĥѡ
ʱʵ۶Ҫľ׹ã˼ίֱֲԡ

104 

ǸµĴ£ʺӦڴʧȥִ硣
ɽӵ۲ĿֻȰοǰ룬޶⣬ܹλϵǣƣ
ʺҴӲ۽ǵۣϴ𻰡
ִ֣ӵ˼Ƭ̣ʵøʲôλֺʣ
ʺֹͣᣬ˹Ʒͼ
ǹ൱õóֵʱʺ֪˵
ߵƷͨʾҲ䳬ƷǷ˵㣬ҲǷ˸׹ݡ
̧λʺ̽ſʵۣѾͷƷû˵ģ׵Ĺδرȵˣ˵λЩҲôǸٻͷöٹ˵أ
ʵ̾һƾܵ»ݺգŻָͣҲ¶ô綨²֮λ׵
ʺһɵ棬ǻƲȥ˿ûҪʵ˼
ĳϤΣϢӵ۾ѣҪʹСˡ
ôŰɣϽסõͷӵվ˫˼ѡգۻʶ֮񣬽ӭš
֮£ǵȰŹ֮Լ⣬λҲɰԼᣬ㿴Σ
ʺҪͬΪĹϣ֮ӭȢʱϲ⣬ĳݣȫǰˣȻ˶ֱ
ʺڿһЦæӦµİţ
ӵ۳ǣɨһ۽Ĺϡ
ϸջʦĹٷһϮʯˮƹߵɫȹ˸١
ɫ԰ףѰĴ磬ͨˣԲ˿ɫȴͬ
ݻĹ㣬԰׵Ķ쵰Сһ˫ˮ֮ɫüԶ졣
һίǿ̬֮ϸҲܽһ˿ʩС
ĹʼϱǹģͣʣƫƫҪСĻʶ
ʵгΪСʶԲһ䲻൱ľ顣
ȵ֮󣬱ضŮ޻̸֮
ˣȻܻʺִš
ȥ޵ѯ̫ҽ䣬֪޷ʵ۱ĵȥˡ
ʺڴ齱ãҲȰ޹
ֻʣׯȹԼ޵
Ҳûߡ
ǰԺĻ£Ѿվһʱֱɫ΢΢ǰףתȥ
϶ڸﲻҳš
ֻһյƣİĻĲ
Լڡ
ǳȱάֲ˶ãҩϴȥ
ˣѵҪŽӻԼˣǰ
̫ҽ˵ŵ΢Ψһ޷ӱܵʹࡣ
Ǹ࣬״͸˾ŵ磬ŵֱ̱ӰΡѪֹס˵Լ͸һغˡ
̫ҽȴ˵΢
ϡ
Ȼɤ󴫽һ⣬񷸴ĺƵӺͷ㡣
ȦαľסˣԽƹ߽ʱ򣬾ͿӺ˵˫סۣԼ
ͷһǰ׵ԡ
Ӧһ㲻ٿ
˸һߵľ룬죬ɤ˿ƣ˰ɣ̿͵Ѿˣ˭ʹܿˮʯġ
Ծ۾עã̹Ȼ̫ˣմһ벻
ļʬҶˣҪǰüʱֻܴڳ㻹ţҾûʲôԹ޵ġ
۾ҡҡͷ
ΪԾɷŲ¸ңֻԣסԼΪԼʮͱǹͮʷֲʲô˲õ£һ¾ˡ
ϵֱǿа£¶һ˫׵ݣԾɶŽϵĿ⣬ѹųʵ£Ķ϶Ϊӽ󡭡ֻΪҪҪȨִ̫ţСȥҸҺõĹȵӡ
϶ȻüĪĻţһס֣ʲô˼˭ҲȥңʲôʱϴӦҵȵ𣡡
ΣһǾȻƿϵ֣Ų£Ѿҡָ
δڣѾµ˼Ǽ׺䶥
ϲŵǸԵȴûȰο
ãϽӲվʶס½ǣ̧ͷʣ£
ȥ󸸻ʡɤ·Ư
æʥѾٶػŭ˵Ҫ塭޹ġ
ϻۣһڣ߽˵˾ʲô
û壬ȴ϶Ȼۣӱ֣ȻȻܳȥ
£
׷ſڣ㱻ŵ
**
յůͷѾʱǰ԰Ƨ
йŮɵ鲽ͭ޵
Ĵӱյʵʵȹ˾ŵ°ڴ̨ϵ˸߸ߵשߣסչ⡣
ƽîʱ̾ˣȴһֱ˯ڣԭȹׯ֧ţƫСȥˡ
ȹǸо룬һһ磬ּͣʪþŵµա
ʪηǣŵڽתѣԺֲȹ֣õķ˸סĸ÷Ķͷ૵𡭱ˡ

  105

û
ôŭܳȥ֪᷸ʲô¶
ȥʵۣջּ⣬ɾֻԼȥնˡ
һֱ˼⣬Ǵ̿;ָܺʹ
ֳ޻ֶαײƣȻׯ
ôׯλͨı¡ѰֻУܽƬߡ
𰸾Զ׼ˣȻǰ㲻ĳУ次
ͬأ欵ֶȴͬǰһ
ΪڣȻǰĿŵߣⶨɱͷ
ҹļ޻ֶΣҪˣȻֻдӡ
ǣʹƲЩʵĹԱҲĿŵ˵
ΪԷλ̫ߡ
֪ɱһʦ޻ׯʵҲΪ˸ܳЩԩδ
ͽͽ䣬ʵհ˳ɻǻѡϢûʼ˽⴫
ʱ򣬹С˳ɶҪΪ˱ػʼҳ¶׳ȥ
ԣֻɹٲԲ徭Ҳֻܼװ֪飬ֻԼ뷨˽͸¶ŵ¡
Ͼ¹ؾŵ°Σӱֻһֻϣȴû뵽ԾĹ
Ҳ˱У׸϶Ե֣ܾˡ
֮
ϴû
Ǹˣδҫǧŵĵڰ檣ȴǸ鱡֮ˡ
һˣֻԼ˵ǧٿס
ƫƫŪˣӵ۸˸Ц
ȴûв⣬ʲô
Ҫ¶ȹһ
ϴ
һסǼһģûǸ͡
ŵ´ǰľǳںԵİԵɡ
ĸάֶã
̧ͷա
δǾ·ܹܵһöͷϵְˡ
**
Ѵ̨ϵש߶ˡ
ŵתȹ򷢹ϴ󲹵ǰŵ˶˾˯
˵ͽӹϵ룬Ҩһ״˴Լ촽򣬷ֻЩ̿ڣֻüס
ŵãȻۣתͷһԣĸڴԵȦ룬һʱЩ¡
Ա߸ʲô
ŵĿתһ޵Ȼǹƫ˴ļŮΧźŮʮİ
ûʱѾ˺ֲ˴£̫ҽֻ÷ԸȻת
´ʱһãȻ֧ŴҪһ첲͡˻ĵһ䲻һʹ
һæȥ²ҪҶأ
һȹͷҲ̧俪ڵã
ŵ²۾ĸɫ㲣˫׵۾Ȼǲǰ޹ġ
֪˴£ŵæ̧ùŮ˿СĵʵôЪڳ
ȹһϻؾ˵ˣӽٽһھƣͱ̤һɵԾһУȻسŵׯһޡ
ŵ´³ޣɤΣϵʹͷԽ
뿪ڽͳԾԭ򣬺еһϤϢؿӿ
ȹûȵŵϴ̧ۣͼǼһŲĴƣʲôˡ
ʲôأȹֱӣŵĹҤ̥׸һɴתָһԹŮŵϣǻҾٳһأ
֣ζ֮ȥȴҲϵӰ
ŵ¼ĸջֻȹԹɻͷûУƾƵԪڲڳ
ߡȹǻŭ𣬡֪羴ľƣѲɾƲˣǶĽ飿Ҫˣ
ŵնı֤Ӵͬһϣ
ۡһԹ̲סЦ
ȹü˭ƤЦģ֪Ϸʲô𣡡
ŵ³ĸֺõգգۣڲ£ʾô
ȹͷ°ͣȥ·
ŮǣѸƹȡǼմѪ֤һ㣬ھŵ´Զ俪
ȹٿͷʹıۣ𣿡
ŵ۲죬ȷʵйҹƬΣȫһЩʮ֡õĻ桭
ǱĴϢ·ڶϻصȻĴУ½ƬȫʵʣޱǿҵʵУ
Щ֪εĻ棬ŵȻĸ̹ףֻܼôѪºǱ֮Ǳһ·׷ӽģ
ȹ߳ŭһӰϣŭǿЦٲŵ̹԰ٱñƼ㣡
ŵЦ⣬˾С벻ˡ
ȹһתͷԸСӢ¼˵һ˵
ǰʵصµĻ纥֮䣬д̿ͻ빬Уٰɹ£ʦϯ佫ͼƫԺ࡭
ʲôջһľŵ¶Ȼһһ˫ɫǾĻǳǷˣ
ŵһ£ȹһæȥסŵ£ҪʲôѾͷѾˣ˾ڸЪţȫȫβĺأ
ŵ˿ŭδʨƵúഭϢҧгݵץ˭ĵӣװ
һ˼ȰϢŭ̿ѾˣŤϵĲӣʬ׻˸أ
ȹסٴ۾ᣬ§סŵԴ̲סſ˵Ըȥ֣㵱ô
ôţϱôһӣ̧ʱӶѪҪ𣡡
̧ۿĸԾǱ̿ʹ˵ģʲôƷľ󣿡
һȹ޷ͣæǰ𻰵ҹ·ʱūǡɸ̫ҽѾȥˣûĿ˵д̹̣˵ƷǸĹðеĹȫɱˡ
ŵ΢΢һ˫һȻдšܴ衱ĸ֡
ãԴͰ͵Ͽôͷ֪֪±ô
ͷ֪ˣӹȫ˶֪ġȹԥ侮ʯ
ʵڹȥŵ̧ͷ˶ˣƾʲô϶˵ģǹ·ˤһӲ˵أ
ȹæŵϣ̫ҽ˵ģ˿ǰ£϶Ǵ̿˵ģ»ػȾ𣿡
ŵºԴڲҡҡͷ
һԼ¶˹˵ģʱ൱أԹ˹壬ʹ˿ϡ
һ˲䣬ŵеĽâҸȼ
еЩû桢εε̺ȵĴУѵȫģ
̧ͷӲѹɤʣ˵ʲôû壬
ȻʡǲˡֻܳɤӴظһ顣
޵Ĺ϶ˡ
ͷĹϾŵĿ޵ʱǺ
ŵˣ
üҪӳţ֪Ǹˣ
ĶҲȥˣҪǻŵ󣬻ԼαǵľȤʱѾһȥ˸ʰˣﻹ
ⲽƹ磬ŵǽϣҪ͵ڵ̸
֪ŵµ֪ºķӦ
ͱƿˣ
һŮЦӯӯ߽ȥ޵ͬ𻰡
ϴʱ˫ְǽ桭͵̸⧲Ůײţ˲̵ÿڻˣ
ǿװµĵ˵ǽϵĻҳ
湬Ů߳䣬̶̼·ֻúѣڸط꣡
СôķӦ⣿ǳ

̤ʱ͵һͷȥ
ƹ磬ϵͷȹż⣬밲
ȹ̧ǶƼʱ
ԣͷǵǰˡ
̧ȥСֻū澲ң˵³Ȳǡ
䣬ϵĳɤӣͼϵע⡣
ϱ޿ɱܣֻȭͷӲ̧ͷӭϾŵµߡ
˫һǳͫ΢΢𣬴ѹſϲЦ⣬ѰȣרעԳ˼£ùΪԼǱŵġ


106

˫Ļ꣬ϵʧ̬æߴӽƿתͷȥȹ
λ߱ǰ۵ˣװԾάʹĴͳǾƺֳʥζ
˫ĵɫ£׺ſŵ룬캵
ͬڽִϷȻУȹգ·Ȼʥࡣ
ȻüФƣȴǽȻͬʡ
ͬʱĸŮôžɫݣֻ޵ݣڵѪ
ǵԴȹĽżա
ȹ¶ӣѾ˵ǵ£Ժһˣûʲôū澡ģƱˣţЩ°ɡ
ŵԣæͷŲŲ޳ܵʾϴ
ûĸϰӡȹԡ
ȹ˵£ʶ̧ŵ£ǡö˫žһֱԼǳͫæջĿ⣬һײ
ȻֻǳȽϣķӦȴ쳣ңſܸܵԷ
һգ̵ķƵá
ŵ϶ֻΪ˾ξŵ£δֻǣϡ
ȹһ˿εζ뿪̽ʣԾŵ¡Թţδͬ飬ָ£ȷʵԲס
⻰ͦԸģ
ϲͷǲԸ⣬ڻǰȥƾܡ
ŵնĸ֮ý֮ԣԲΥ游ʵ˼
ôһ˵СҲȲѲȢƵã
죬ŭôܽеΪأþܻǵþܵģͱȵ´أ
ŵΣ޷ţȢޱӦͬԼ꣬ɪķޣ˲ֹء
ϣ
ǡꡱ˵ǾȾС꣬Ҹϱòã
ҵú˼
Ҳò𴩣ֻùŲӱ粵Ҳɰôʵ̫ί˵ˣôޱľȢظûýе
ŵۣЦһСģͬЦˣαܷϣǰ˵¾ͷʹأѲɹҲõ棿
ŵһĲͷȴȹӻ
ȻͿȹǰȻģͷۣ顭
ŵЦԽһ˲ЩεĵͷɤӣٴβͷĶסȹüҵ
ȹ״ֻЭ鲻ԸӦ͵ءЦˡƼˡ
ȻͷȹɵĿڵ𻰣ǶԼ˼˵յһʶʼңô²òݲݾϡ
Ϊҽľ鼱£Ϊ˵Ľˣȱǵ֮ߣⱾΪ˾ˣǳУҲûλյľҽȼˡ
ԣԼ˼
ǰһ̧ͷȹвί϶ȷʵǾС
ȹüΪˣĳǾʼմƣʾͷĵλ޼ɵĺϷǲͬľ
ҵĹ޷顣
ƷûԹԣֻԼĺܹµĻƶȣҪ̤ϡ

һɤȹ͹ϲͷȥͼŵ³ǣõ̸Щʲô
ĳƻѾãֺֹңعƴͳǧ˿Ƶ湲ͬ壬ǣһȫҪδƣ
߷һ֮һҩܹҽεˣ
ȹ۾ԼԹЩδŵ·û˳ӵȰοҲĲ⣬ôͻȻͳӲˣ
ŵбϣĹŹ˼ͬĸ쳣һ¡
ҪһպñԼƽޣ
ɡ
ʲôȹŵºȻ˴æ
ڼô԰ˡŵһȭعЪգиˡ
ڹŮæǰӸ¹塣
ϻŻǰĿڽ¼ͷѩ׵ϲûγѪ԰
ǵǣ˿ڣֻǰͬһ
ͷ⣬ǰһۣߵĹŮ
ŵ°ͣŹϣϵſ˫ۣʾ׼ǰԼ
һƬհףͷһźŵСȻſ˫۵⣬ͣڶʱԡ
ʮֺߵŲǰ˫һӵסˡſ˫Ҫľŵ£Ĵŵµĺ󱳣嵽¹Թ԰شɺޡ
¶һģһ˫һдˡǴšɫ
ۡһȺЦˮ
ŵ޿κεİѱӻժȥùŮѸǰԼһãȻĹϣתͬȹ
ȹȴûôúŪ׵ɱͬ㸸㹻ˣ㸸˵ҪԻӭȢϣȴ˵ǰλٴڼ䣬򲻿ǿġ֡
ͫŵĿȹͻȻʼԼǲĻʾˡ
ȹǿÿŵµ֣ȥˡ
ֻһ䣺飬Իᰲظ֮ǰס԰ء
ŵң׷ţסˣʹ
ȹ飺㸸׼õλͮʷأӵĳɷͻȥա
**
߼䣬ǰ̨̨ϳ·̽ͭ¯ǰձϣչĻƷ񣬶еķ羰
̤ţڵİʮֽй棬ȹɫϲǵĳĹкܶĽװȤŨ񡣡
һ㶣̧ͷȹһɫĪЩЦ
֪Сһڵĸ߰ӣ˭Ӱˡ
һ۸ϲ϶޲öǽȥ빤ҲЩء
ȹʱǣЦģͬƱĴ磬ƴҹƵڿڣ󷽷Ķ¶ʮֵ顣
ʱð԰ٳһأרΪһʽˡ
æƾܣ
ֲǺ׹񾹼޸˳Ʒʾ֪ͷ˫۾üʵõγѪء
ݣҪΪʦڣĽƳ͢Ĺٵĭܽ
һ̸Ϸ֣ȹ˵Ѿʮֵص·ľˣɶں󹬵ȴ̫С
̸֮Уٰׯȴ֮顭
Ĺ·Ҫƽȵ֮УܰȻ
٣ʥΥȹģԻع󣬲û־ܻĿܣֻѯ˹ϼ״
϶ԹĪ˿׺񣬽̸ú󣬱ʵ϶и֮롣
ȹƫͷ㽲
ǡܷѼҼϣ˸Ͼһǣ


107

ȹԲ죬ԥƬ̣㿪ڵ²ףָʱ㸸׵ּǲԼҳޣִ
ϻصɷ϶Ѵ죿
Ϊʲôȹüһ˼ڵ㸸λӾپƷⲢʲôҪڵļ
ϵͷСˣʵΪ
ȹɫΪѣڵǲʲô֮£ĸ͵һģ˵ա
Ӧǣһ̹ȻиĶУ˵˳
ȹþȲѣʱ˫ȭ
֪ĸŮΪ˱ѣڱ˵լиƽİȻ˺ձ֮ˣֱ޳
һȲѲ̹׼г£֪ļͥƷԴɣ·иĵȫĴƵá
ȹȴȻͬ˫ﰵصƽתʱֲĿ
ˡȹ֣·߳ʥŮ
æ߹ȥ˫ס֣׷ϥԣһʱ׵ϡ
ȹһ٣˼Ƭ̣㿪ڵǲ˼մף͸ඨ¼ǰд飬Ѹ˶ϡ
۾һ̧ͷȹ
䣬ǳͫ飬λĵƤɫһǳɫĳǰһõŮˡ
ůӿս֣϶֪αĶ¡
ȹǣһĸҵĺӣҲΪҵĺӡ㣬Ϊ׵𡣡
**
һֱǰԺϱҹǧͻظǣⶼһҹûκϢ
ֱͷ䣬ͬŴ¡¡ĳ
Ϊǽǲ˽ӻ˹ϣ԰
Ȼڹϻظ˵Լʵָ˾ŵ֮Ͼͳˡ
ΪҪѺܴȴû뵽׶˰ʱ㶣ԸȻˣ
Ǻ¶üɫ衣
ϺüŭĿʲô˼
ϸϽȥС㣬ֲ֧Ļץסϵ֣ϲǺ¶ŶǲˣһϾأһ׼ŶûС
ǹׯһûơ
ĵľ㱻˵ڵǱƷʾˣ԰ˣ
һʯҲӦ͵Ҫ˵ⳬƷʾǲͬҪȻҡӣ
ôЩ궼ûһ죬һİ壬ˬȢǺƣ
ϣ
̵ڿЦЦʯֵϻǻ˼廨ͷأ
ͷһƼޣϲĽûΪСʾأ벻͵Ե֡
ϣ
еϢ
Ϊ׻ͬԼһ벻Ȼô£ӽϱɽ£ϰġ
üҪ潭ϱ⣬˵Σ
ڻȨǰݽ档
ٰۣŰȻգѾûΪһ˽飬˵ˡ
ҲãĻᣬһֱСߣʱ潭ѡ
׻ǽϣֻҪܹգͺá
ڶգʥϵĿ;ʹȥ˹˸ү֪󣬾ٶŲλ
ּ̯ڵϣľƵöá
ϵĵλȦּ檣ҡһ䣬˴ĳƷ
ֱǽй˼ð̵ҫ
ֹ̣ð̶Ϊ
ʱ󣬹үżȥϡ
ȴԾɳ˸Ÿ
үȴż˦ŷؽдʡ
ָգǲү棡
ͬʱѰ
̽ϢҹǱѺظġ
ߴϢϵɫҴҸĵʵ۵̸
ֱ󣬶ůҵִ
󲻾ã±ȥĵǰԺ
һֱҹɫ٣űѺţظ췣дģڲ̤
˿ѱذ֣ŶֻڼҸɵš
ڶգȹǲ˴ߴٹͻ顣
úʥϿԹ˸أתȥҡ
ּ֮ոٽŮŮӻ˸ۡ
ռǰϻظκιڹүľԼ欵вֻüסڽլ
ȻٶɵصѸϡ
ո˸Ʒʾһٿίʵ˵ѶҲ˷ŵϲ
ģǹүƵſ󣬴䣬ոſںϵ֡
ҪݵϿڶϣ鳷
оٵһʵµȲҪȥˡ
û뵽ϾȻŮڲǰ
ʼѵЦŮ˼
⾿ʲô
үģո֮ãڱȹ֪£һ״浽ŵͷ
ǣүۼ˴˵е
һ˫һЦЦȴϣǰʤѩ°
⣬ԭŮķŲһδ
ȴûֹ桪ȻЧӴûýĸŮ벽ǿƾ۴
ת۹ȥա
ϾԼһ޿ɿܵţǰƼһִĿ־塣
ͣЪΧȴء
һҹ֮䣬鵽ǰԶԴԼˣͷҡβͽĸܡ
ֻѣǴǰǲЦģ˽ѵûϲҲ˸С
ǲƵԾɷʹǰһ˫ĿĿŹϣ֮λҲɽݰ裬ԵˣʱĪռѵ
ϰ˼ҵȣŵ
ѵͷҪת£ȴס֡
æѵȴ۾ϸϸĴԼǵĵ˫Գѵõ벻ᡣ
Ѹɱ˫һֱߣ̧ݵ֣ϵ޷ⱲӼ޴ˣϲԹһӣҲǣһӡҪٿϺӣүߣҲ᲻֡
ʾȳˣҪѧǰƶʣ뿪ЩԼĺò
ϵһ˲ӿҧ´һ§סѵĲŵ
**
񲿹Աٰ죬ڲ⻷ڱʡԣֻ˷Ŷʱա
º󣬻ʵ۴͵ĲȫոԺ
񲿰õĶ磬ۡ룬ʦ輧ˡ
ֵĻסڴԼƷϹԱϲ硣
ϯϣȫԱʹߵ֮
ǰһգڰѸôЩױƣȥ
ԭΪôЩױƣ϶һݶɣȴû뵽ŮϳƷá
ôƺƵļױ˵׳ۣɸ׹ȣʵԵúᡣ
鵱գԤΧİ̧ʽΣոӭȢ
һ·ɭϣѽǹȫӲɵ˽ӣȴԾɽŵɫס
ǰׯİٰӣϵûüݣȻʾýȢʽ
ͷһ˾ĳޡ
ױǰ׸棬ҹʮʣʮ˲ųޣɵʹˣ
Ĩ֬ۼһᣬյ֬󡭡Լˣ
ΪʲôҪ⸱ģ
޴ӵ֪
֪СͷʱֱܲӸιȥ

108

һ·̧԰ţŮǰź½Σ·
̤֮ʱϾʹӸͷ£ɫ廨Ь鲽߹վ࣬ѾͷΧԼһ˸
Щƣ˵ȹʽǹŮĴ磬ϻоϢ
ʲôˣΪʲôҪһͬ븮
κͷ϶Ÿͷ
һʱҲûĸڣİľУֻӶˣԹԸǰͷŮߡ
ֱ·ͷ˲ųȥ
Ҫȵϯ;öŸͷȥãǣͬĽһˣһ˵Ľǣ;ơ
еţŵ¶ȼýʱѾʡ¡
תһ룬ùһ㲻ʮ壬£ڲڽҲνˡ
ʱŮš
Դŵ¸ǰվǣסŮٵĺһˡ
һСվ৵ĺˣ
־ŵ¾ȻȻɢŽʱŻᷢǿҵռϢ
ϢǿȣһҲȱǵ۷ʱôһ˲С
Ѿ֪״̬ˣ
ңǣźһ˵ĹȥƵһ·ϣһϣɢŨȵϢأ
Ǳ
ϼֱСиͷͿ
ѾŵһЩôҪһڱͿЦô
Ҫȥ˼һΪûľأ
ǣ꼸ھŵһ˲ѹɤСȰ£Ҫӡ
䣬ʹӸͷ¶ŶԷľٶֻŵ½Ųһ˲תżⲽ
æ
ͷĽ¼ֻͣ½Ųߵľ룬˵ģµľյȫǰˮ
ϣ
ӲԾưҪ
ôˮأ̫ƻ޳ˣ
һһ찡
æȰ£ôҪӣôܲԾأ
ŵǣһţ̶뵢飬߱ߵΪҪԲܳԡ
׷ʵǶԱͲ˼֪˻յģʱ򷣾ƿɾҪԸˣ
ŵһɵȻ˭Ȱƣ¾ʹ̤ȥ
ϣ
Ĭ־һۿСҪң⡱ϲƣ£ϲԲƣĪҪӭȢ͵Ϸɣ
ŵԾɲʲôͲ͵ģԺƼɡ
ϱάԭĹϵŹֹּܲС¡æͶϰˣҲѸģô˳ڡ
ûˡ
ţ£ӱ͸⣡
޿ɱܣżԸĻӦɤҪ룬ֻδơ
ϣ
ˣ
⡰񡱶ݶˣ
ײŵӲСŵͦģͷܸӦġϢأ
ԣͣסŲЩ޴Ĳͷоõ
ŨȣƵðڵŸо
εĻش𣺡ǡŨңǹ˷ˡ
ŵسĬͦãƺе꣬Ƭ̣Ŷ̹׵ͮʷ伮ͼᣬз֪ΪΣ¿ͳˡ
˶٣ίĶԹϲӺܡ
ϣ
Ϳʼôˣ
ѹϱôЩ檣ҲĹ˴ʧˡ
΢΢̧ͷͷ£ֻܿ˳ʤȹڣűֱ޳˫ȡ
ϣСȲ֣ʱ޴ľ°ڣƺҲ֪
ԴǣٿЩHˡ
ŵٴѡû
ֱọ̈̄һġ붴
ϯ
ڱǵף£˽붴˿µƸͷڡ
һڣĵ»֮ҹλʾõ
ŵȫûʶչֵĿֲ棬ʹֱڹǰŮУ⣬ʩʩȻĨ޵ĸͷ
°ͣ׼һ˵İ»ҹһƷʾǧţ
ͷƮȻƿǰĽһϮϲʤȹڲڰƬƬĺ
˾Ļ֮Уξδȴ򼤶糺죬һ˫һӿ˴Լɫ˫
ǡ
ڿͷ½ݵһ˲䡭
ܹ϶͵صһ
һ£ŵЩе⣡
Ŀԣ϶ŰױݣŽ²ҰСһ˫欵һӣǸŵõԲˣ
ŵ¼æ⣬æҵĽͷϸ˻ȥ
˻ȥ
ϣ
ǺԤеľûŵһҪһеľ
ʱŵԣֱӽһù϶Ÿͷ˺ƣæŮ
ϱ˳·ÿͷͬŵԼ¡
û뵽һִβͷվŮ
˽ϵ廨Ьǽ½ʱһ븮
һԾŵѾȲԿʼϽ¿ۣҡ֮
æƿ֣ɻָŶʵʲô
Ⱦŵһλǰ𻰣ӵĻū澶ǻָո޵ͨѾͷźз
һ㶣عŲòϣӵȫ
»ɢµעСʶ̫רһ
¶룬ȻѾ޽Ͼʹ⣺ûвⶼνһɢ檣þŵ¶ԼʧȥȤ
Ů»֮ҹ֮֡á
ֻǽɣһЩ¶ͬŵ˽̸ֻÿڵòź򣬳ȥЪϢա
Ůһ㶣ͷһۣһŵ£޿ֵĿѵǻǡ
¡ֱעϣŵʮֲæŮͳǳȥ
Ůʱ¶ݣҧ´ˡ
ŹϣϸҪڣͱ͵ѹڴϣ޼ɵ˺¡
£ȱ𼱣ͻû˵꣡
û뵽һ뿪ŵ涼Ҫˡ
ϴ˸ͬĽᣬСȥק
ϼæҿͷŻ££ң
ŵ°æ̧֮ͷƳһۣŵòֱӣԴ¡
ϵĿӣֲ֧Ľ⿪Լ
Ϸ־ŵ¾ȻʼԼѣ
ܵͼĶʲôˣ
һִͷĿ־Уйȭͷæš
Сǲǳȱˣ
¼Զ룬æŵЬӣϥϴֽŵأϸǰ
ϣ£ĸ˵ˣǰǿ͡
û˵꣬ͱһƬǿ֣
û뵽СûҲ޷ʱöȭߡ
ɾ˵δĳʱ㽫ڴš
ҵӵǹ󣬶΢΢ֿһľ룬ԷϢǼ⣬˫ǳͫԵĿ
ͬϻؾƺľɫͬ¿רעϷ·Ҫܻ˫һ
һ̣ͼŵŵĴ³ޡʼ㣡
ס֣Ͼ֮У͵ϥ׼ȷĻ˽˫֮䣡

䲻һҽУµСʹʱСӣס㣬˹ϵĻ
ˡ
Ͼֵ˫ۡ
ˣˣĳʾͷһ͵ӿˡ
Ÿʮ꼸µСʾºܴ
ôһϥǸ˰ɡ
̧֣ʳָ˴¹Ķͷ
һͷϸ
ͷһμС۳
££û°ɣֹм⡣
ãŵ̧ס˫ۣȥһԣͰ͵һš
ھεͷ
ѳƷСʾСģȷʵеⲻȥϿҵĵǸ³çˣԭֻͣ£ȸġ
Է޻Ӧ
ĬãСίɤڲŴָ
ҪĸҪĸ


109

ոһƬڡ
ŷһ˵ʣշǷ׼׵ˣ
լѾãʱշ˰롣
ЩĸҲͷһ⡣
̫ԭҲԣϸϸ룬ǾŵŵҲôЩء
һߴ븮ǳģǲܹСʾĺ⡣
Ȼؼǲܷ˾ŵµ棬ȥסéҲҲȥ
Ҳûʲôʰģոϰᣬֻһȡ
ȽϵϢ
˵յ֪ϱָŵµϢ˲ʱûƵȰŮ뿪㣬ʵϣԸšء
ˣʵŮõĹޡ
ʶ壬Ҳܵ˽зȣؼǶԹר顣
ɺȻһʥͷŮ˸Ů׵ëͷޣƽܣ
ϡŵҲģȴ⺢ӻǸеĺ÷
Ͼ̫Сǲ٣
죬δ̫ˣͷûס
ô죿ߥ޹ŮΥʥּ
Ϊ޵鰮ϵԼһӣѻ
˲žãԼһʼû飬Ų
ԣ˵Ǿ䡰Ǻ¶
ȥƷԿϼȥûշ粨ĳƷٰҲûˡ
òÿĵ룺ӺȻˣһһһʥּҵĳңͷĿͷ
ϵпڣĸŮӣԼһҸģ
ֱǻ֮ȥجΡ
ȻжδĿ־壬һָʥּɢˣ·ǲƼա
ﻹŽϡ
ǸŬĺúӣǽΪ˼Ǿٺò
ʱȴǽ͹ȣԣڽǰŮ赼赼Ǻӡ
ĵ棬ʱ󣬷ոȥ𻰡
˵ʵĽ£˵Ŀǰܳż䣬ȴϵǰ
ͬһϵЦһ˫ĿȴתŲɣزסЩǵˡ
ЩӲˣϧûܸ֡
ϲףĬãͷۼ϶ⱲûһԸӣҸ˼ҵľ⣬Ҳׯľ󣬱ٸ˺
Ц⽥ÿɬִΪ裬ʱҲٿףɤûиţ
˵Ҫŵ£һжԸǵĻ£ͬŵάϵ顣
䲻ЦɫȴǿɤƵʣǲҪﰢţ顭ֻЩôһȭϣ߱ߣˤϣΪʲôΪʲôôҸСӷĿ
ŵһ£ͷһؼʧأæӣȥĲˮһȰϢŭϢŭ
ϻۣƽڵĿֻ֪û˵˵ޡ
Щȷʵû˵⻰ϵǿó޿κΡ
ģֻ˸ӣ˼Ȼ޿κβЭġ
ԣȼϣվתͷһϣááõģڣ磬ؾ۵һա
ϴʧɫվȰ£⡭ǻϵ˼ٶִš
ЦһĻ૵ǣֻλŵ˲Υ棬ֻҪȵһ죬ܹǯҵ˫֣ҵ
**
԰ųһɽʯϵլӣϱɽһ羰ѵլӡ
ֱ룬ͳլԺȴһլһլߣһ·ɽͷῴһµͤ
ͤﳯһԲǧĶľ¾۵ףɾҲơ
һʹոѾͷɽͷ
һƬĵض԰ӭճĵط
ͣͷϵգչбսͤӣ׵ʱ򣬾ԼĪ˳ʱ
ŵŮ٣ɴʱӱŽͷҩŮ
ԶԶƼˣͷ૵Сۣ
ŵʯһ£ƳƳͤӣľսĿڵСΪ˭أ
ʼ磬Сֹǣƹˣһ¶ûУصŮˡ
ܼʲôݵҲϹ˵ģ
ʯ̲סʵǲǡûź̹ôһ磬ŵµСཱུϸߣ
εŤͷ˵ˡ
Ӵҵĺýʯ񼱵ˣʲôģҪǲɣۻͮʷЩأ
Ǵ£鲻ãһ½ū澺ȥˡ
ȥͺȥ¡ϲΪ⣬Ŀⱻһӹİɫȥ漴վϲƣ
ʯѭĿȥֻëɽµ֦ϡ
ԴһȦëȴɫʵĿ
Ķ񣿿Ưūȥ˸㲶
æǰЦֻи磬ĶǷģ϶Ǹģܲ
Ҵǰ˵˻Ȥˣȥ۶ɣ
ʯæӦһ·ɽ
쵽˵ضɽͷ˵
ūﻹѵͷأվһӳС
ǸİɻӣѲС
ţȴһİĹӻƺɷˡ
ɤ죬Ӵ˸תˣǸ¸ҡԼϴͨѾͷ
ˣСôô齶ûϵŮӡ
϶ʯ˸ƣżɽ̽ͷ
ԭǸС̫࣬Ҳ֪ǹʲôģﻹŸиӡ
Բзۣ˾ЦŶŮͷ㣡ԬĶĻСĶ˵ˣһֱʱƳûƳһۡ
ҹˣǹǲźˣ˵ûأˣλδܼ˭Ҳ

ˣû뵽ʯȻ˳ȥһָżɽ˳Ǻôĵӣ
һС̫ûˣžһȥԴأūŸūŸ
ǸԬյѾͷǺָܿ򶨣ϴӼɽֻ߳ؾصĶ밲Ծɶšʵ͡ͷ
ϸһȷʵɫף˳Ů
ȻԸⱻͽͨѾͷﻹЩ׳־ġ
ûʲô뷨ûĴĺҲš
ⲻԸⱻūﵽϡ
ֱ߽ͦǹϴƽ͵΢ЦһȻڵϰɣȥŵ¡
С̫ŵȶתûֵҲһū˽½¶˰˳ר̸״ȥġ
ԬϵţһԼűֺܵ壬
ϵɫƼģΪôСȥ߶ŵ£˳ɰԸ
ЦһϹӦˣͷߡ
һ˻صԺ˵ŵԺĻ
ޡǹľʩʩȻָŵи磬˰ѵº
ˡ
ɹе
̴ӽݴ˵
ŵµ۾һ漴°͡ǣڳ»ı顣
̴Ӽ״׼У˭֪һ̣ŵ²õ
̴ӣ

110

ŵʱŮ̹Ȼֻӵ̫࣬˫һĶ£и类εվȣųֱΡ
һ˽ű㹧밲ȥ鰸ŵ
ֻйϣǰѧʱһ㣬Ȼ鰸ԣھŵߣһùⶼʱˣɢɢģҪӲǡ
Ը±ʣĿȦαǣһЦЦбǳͫС
ϣ
һÿ첻ڿһ£ͻô
Сۣǳۣ
ҲԸСˮ裬ռ޽ţĴԣûǰҪô
֪ŵ¶ݣ㲻Ƿ֮ҲǶһէŮᲢ۵ġ
͵һȡҲѾˣȡգֻȣԭ¡
ڿһЦֱⷴڿ࣬ǰҪС磬˵ˣ
Ƴʶһ˫ȣһ֧򢣬첲⿿Ӱϣ̬Ȼ
ȲýǸķ
һ˫˿ϷĳȣǸųӰˣ
óƷʾӾô
ڶŮ̴ǣûʲôͷһһķ۷
վһְ磬һָŶС̫ŵи磬£Ưͳȥɹɹ̫գ
ŵƳи磬ͷưϵӣɫ˿Ρ
ɻǰ¶࣬Ѿ˼ӡ
ûعĸͷֵôҰƣ¶߯ࡣ
Ťͷһ۱һ˫ģͰ͵׽
ֱ
˾ȵʱ߳һţʹþŵ
ļҾ˶Ƶã
ɰָֻһͻݵģ
ϴô
ǳͫתһĹµĻᡣ
վūæ˱ܣÿһ
ԬΪ죬žŵԣΪ꣬⹫úúöģ˴ˣȻһԵĬˣ
ˡ
˵ǹʱŵɫԾɴһŭȴֶ飬ȫ̽ˡ
Ԭü״ƺͬ²Ĳ̫һϣǱеó衣
Ի㷼ԺŶһʯţһ˾˳ľ졣
̨ͤˮ鿣ܲľơ
̴ǿλһ£С̫ය˵
˸´иѧ˲ٻС̫ûҪʵ˼æʹи񡱡
һڣǡ򸣽𰲡
ϴǰ˼Ҷи磬ֻֻ˵һ䡰顱Ҳ˿ƣ˲ſڡ
ˣû뵽ϻôͨԵи磬ֵõ˸ūһ׷С̫࣬ôѵ
ƫⲻ֮䣬ԬϷ֣ŵƺԻ˵ûȤһԣһԵĿС̫ѵɡ
Ҳ֣ʾǱͶաļûȤŵҲ⣬ϲôԵĶС֯Уޡ
ǻʾԣûȤﶼװ׵дš
ڣŵԾɰŹϡ
ڷתʱ򣬾ŵ»Ǻܸӵһ˫һۣЦգеµģ
һɼȵĶؿȼգԬϸϸϡ
ǳˮ飬ɸھŵžɫԣʵԲʲôơ
¾һˣ
ԬһʱƲߣֻϸϸ¹ϵķʽԼϿʽɫ
󣬳ͬѾͷһиʱԬǰŵ½ΧС̫Ƕż֯أ˵ͷ۾սĴ֯óѽ
ԣС̫ȥӵɫ
ϱˣҪƾܣһתŮֺþŵ¡
һͷŵ¡
ֻСȻ²ĲС̫ࡣ
һȻ˾ɼ˶Լսģ΢ĹػҡСӦ
ѽǾʹȥȫȡգϳǶԾŵºЦҪһ֣ÿѡһֻһʤ
µĿ򱿰ʲôע
졪ֻѣôսôǿأ
һ˻ҪעСۣ
ԬֻԿţͱ˫һӹȥ˻ǣţŵôŵԼһţֵˣ
ǹϣȻƷЩɵǶʮĴˡ
Ԭ귽ʮԸǰӣҲܵȵʧһ졣
תת飬ߣһӣʯϣԾŵºôұģ
´³۽ޣû⡣
ϲӿɹأ
ۿǰգʹ͸ġ
˫ۣͷϸƣǸͨ͸ôͷûС֣ŵôֱģ
Ť˼䣬ֲ˼ģոջǴұأϧƭ˾ŵ¡
뻹ǲǰ͵ӣ񻹼ǵŶ壬Сۣ
֪˶ٴС۵ľŵ£֣޳ָߵߵʯգѡע氮ѡע
ƲƲ죬Թ޵ĿС
Ҳ߯ˣŵϷˣҪһ⺺ģմ˱ô
ƺС˼漴üˣ֡
ˣǼһǲġ
ʣµĹôţ㿴Σ
۾һӮ
е̫ˣˣѣǶ಻˼ѽе³Կˣ
¶ô
Ϻߵͷ;һְգ룬ͷʣҪʲôעѽ
ǣ֣ڶϣɤСϣմһΣͬǧһô
϶ȻۣƿСǲУǹ˼ôΥأ
ֲôòأĲ
Եʧ䣬ͬĶעӮˣΥĸ˼
۾һϾûõŵ׼ŹѹСҪ˶ע
һ¶ʤľģһԾŶ
Ϲˡ
³ǣ¶һС̧ͷעһԾŶ
ʱ̴ǶʮֻͲ
ϴʮ־񣬺Ľ֯ʵͷֻ
ҵĻش𣺡֯ӣɫͷлͷ֯ɫ֮ɫ
æĻ˵ɫĳ
һʵΪƶ
Ǻãһ֣ͷȫң
һԾŵ±ʾֻһ֣ôͷôжȺܵġ
޳ܵķЩ͵սʿʣµȫ£һͷԣ
ŵЦһ򱿰ʣĴ֯
ϣǿֻʣͷˡ
̧ɨһ۶һͷ֯Ŀ棬ջߣɴѡһֻͷԵĴƳ
ϼСôˬ죬թǰһͷжٳ²˾
СɤϷʣҪһϣ
ܵƣϣƳƼһͷ֯
С̫ཫͰڡ
˶һֻս࣬ͷȦ࣬ȳʢԣ
˶ֻܸܵսƣҪͰˣ
һͷŵĴƳȴһɢ뵡ģȦȷͰڣ·һͷӵѧߣһһظӲ
ϲԽ̧ͷŵֺõЦЦʤ߶԰ߵĸο
ŵҲһЦ
΢΢һ㶡
ô񡭡թأ

111

˾ʯԣϢ
ֻʯϸһֻһߵľ裬ڼͭ˿ӣֻжС
սûʼͷжͷ·Ѿʤ̣лһë׵ĳǯϳͷĺͷжƵС
ϼƣͷжҡźϰ
һͷĺͷжԾһӣͷжӡ
Ȼ䣬ͷжһһԾֱֱײУʱȴ˸գ
Ťһǳٳûжĺͷж֪ʱѾԼ
СģϲʧΪǺͷжᷢ͵Ϯһ̣ȴͷжѾתýǶȣ˵ڶغϵĽ֡
˰Ѻ
ȥƾŵɫϰ£ӮȴҲһµٺ
֪ŵ⳪һĪҪԣԴ˺ģ
֯ͷԳһһƵĵ
жսֻڷͷж˳ʪש£ƧٶͷжȥԶҲǶ֡
ɵһغȴ֣ͷжЩƣ·ͨжʢ
תּͷжǰȣһԾͷж
һأ˶Ǻͷжľٶڿж켣
ܹķ򣬾ǳ˱ܣֱֱӭз
ͷ֮ʱͣ˶Էı
͵ϮĺʱֻжֻҪſ˫ǯǰһСһ˺ܳͷеһȣ
ȴûг͵ϮΨּŭͷж
ɻ֮ʣͷѾѸûٴͷ侲Уŵзӡ
ʱת䷽һԾǺͷжб෽ǺͷжӦһԾ𣬷һγס˺жĺ磡
۾žŵ¼ץסˣץסˣ
ǳǳһЦһ°ͣʾ
æϲĵͷԼġסֺ󣬾Ȼˡ
ͷвˣ
ѽѽϼˣŤͷС̫ࣺιԱ𣿡
С̫࿴һĻȻ¶εĿιˡ
ŵĵͷһ̣ͼǺͷжȻһ˦β˫ǯ͵ؼסͷжľӣ
ͷжԭû˴һĽ䣬δɹһʱ̧ͷ˲䣬ͱֻˡж䡱ж˲ӡ
תۼ䣬ͷжѾʬ׷룡
ϣ
ô᣿
̧ͷŵ£ȫɻ벻ʣ
̴ȴԸķ䣬ء
һƬհףԴתС̫࣬ߵǸһģƭҡ
ūŲңūŸС̫æ¹򣺡ѡʱūֻѡսģͨսǰ۴֯Ƴ潻䣬ǿս·ͻȻעѡֻͷжǴƳ桭Ҳڷڡ
еԵɣȷǣһūţ˾ŵµĵˣ
ίС£ôأ
»ִ˿ЩѳӶߣⱿˣҪһ֡
תͷͼһ߿ǳͫЦγֻأͷ֯Ȼ֮Σǽаί
ϣ
⡭һӰҹһšνǳ֮Σ
ֻأ˼˵ǱӦɣ
Сۣǳۣ
һڶؿڣֱڡ
һģͷȻɤڶߣӲʣ´Ϣ
ϱǹɻ˵ϢﻹһıǣɼľͷųӦ
ŴϢ뱣򶨣ſ͡ͲϷòʣ
ûʲôòʵġµıȵˮһһѵˮ㻮ɤƣ˵ĻȴģҲ治¡
һϣû룺Ҳǡ
СȷʵûʲôòģҪ־͹Լǰ̰Сˡŵ¿Ĺģ
ɻǲģŤҪѣɿֱۣע
ʵڳ˽Ɀ뷨
ϲϲ˫ǳͫô
¿˼ķʽ̫ھŵУȻܴȴĥ
ϵȫƾԣǡǡǾŵȱٵһңֱ޹ɿѭ
类һţȴΪԼһˣϧ׵ӡ
Ǹ˼ޱصĴŮӡ
ԹϾ˫ǳͫ̽Ŀ⿴š
˱ҡ
˵ֻӦͬǧһǳȱǣһС·ͣǾͲٸһŵĻˣ
׼˿ҪʯԼָСӶ԰´ǰ˵ҪͰµƾӵլҲЩˣȻЪϢˡ
ŵ΢۽ޣЩõģ
֪û£ŵ²Ժȥ
ÿȥԺҲνؼ˼ҵҪӣżһҲǿԸִ˲ƣܺԺȥǺô
ȥԺЪšŵȫ˹ϡ־ӡİʾֱӴԼլӡ
ֻˡ
ҲǹҾŵµ鷳ȻѾ޽ѽܣ϶ֵƵĳ̶ȡ
µãǿƾĽôǿһˣԼ˰ٰǨͣﲻǲжġ
Ҫ侲ܱһռС
Ӻı޷μǳȱǣѾסܣ뿿Ǹˣϣһ죬ԼҲߵ˹ǰ㲻԰εĳ̶ȡ
׿һУΪһȥ£ϾҲ޷Ȼݺݺࡣ
͵Ů¶ܽʧȥǵķ
ȵ²ʥ⣬ǳ
Ӵ˲һеɱջ̻̲ûʧ
֪δʲôˣοԼľ
ŵһ·ۻػ㷼Ժ
һ·ſڣԤӹˣȴһԬϿڵūرϡƺûþˣ罫иȥԺӶӡ
ŵͣ½Ųͷһ̫и磬ͷԸ͹ȥ֮ǰȡߡ
۾һͷ
ԬǸ·ǰ¶أǰԬ޵Ԭܵ
ԬЦ˵䣬۾ȥбŵ£ȴԷͷûء
ӦˣӽһԸϣ湻ӵġ
üĿ鷿뿪󣬵ǹɰԵϢԾɳţԬϵͲˡ
û⣬ǹΪʲôҪرܣ
ʾ˿ѹţõʱǰ
Ԭǰ֧µŮ鰸ԣīȶһս˷ܵ㡣
Ϣ΢һü̧ͷǹϢԴͷͼŮɫ糺΢ͷ
ԬϸӦԷ񣬻̧ۣ潿ߵ˾䣺¡
뷽ͬԻʱ̬ȫͬŵûջûа£ޱջߣ䵭ĻִȥǶź򡣡
Ԭ϶ʱ׹ߣƬ̣ǰһ̯ڵϣ̬֮ǲܣҪū澰ɣ

112

ʱžһƬ԰Ůס֣ʱԤ˳ӡ
Ԭ㣬°ӣܻĸشϢԼΪʧ̬ģӾ㿴ۣҲܸЩ
ɵбԼʱı㶸Ȼ˰ء˫ŵģֻ֡
Ϊ澣ԼϯŵɤתڶϣЦһ˭ĵӣ
Ԭͫ·ѪҺ˲˱ǰˣǷǸԹϧ
ŵջߣȥְ۴
̴һֱŶ䣬Ⱥʾ£鲽ǰһŤסԬϣ̱澸
£ū֪ˣԬŵģū鲻ѣ¿
ޣ֪ŵڹ¡ŵбǹЦ⣬ȴԾĻ꣬ѹɤϷʵȥ˵ҪҲΪ㣬һúø
Ԭͷһα˫һĿסһ˲䣬ľ񱻺ݺ߬סû˶̵Ŀ־壬ﶼˡ
Ǹ߸ϵĳƷʾΪʧ̬ȴҪĳͷȴ޲Ծʧ˻ꡣ
̴ľƵԬϳš
ŵӣٿһ顣
ü
ǽϵҪʾ⵹ӵӡ
ıϵİӣǽºͽֲģǧĵˮʯˡ
Ǵ޻ϵĸһи׳нýܵǣѡ
û뵽ûɱСȴƽ˽¸
ӽŵȻƺһȴյˡ
ڳĻߥ޴ӵĹ֮ӵֻ㴦˹欣Դӽʾͽ䡣
ȴȰ˵λʾ裬Ҫȥӵķš
ôһû뽭ᴢ֮λˡ
Ԭϱ̧ȥʱ򣬴ĥ˺һӣǻʵʹ͵ͨ澣Ҵֻձ̡
ʱһԬѾͷ˶ʮ°ӵ¶ʹ¡
̷вСûˣ̧ʱԬϺ綼ȾѪҲû֪
ڸūſ޽ŵڶ죬͸ɵһ͵ŮǾΪֶ͡Σ
һȺۻվӵūţȫĹǣϸŸͨ籨ţ¶
ǣϾͿŸﻹͷūʾãһͷˮ
ֱһС̫Ժ͸¶ԬѵϢϸԬ̺Ĳ״
Ϊʲô¶ģŵˣͷһ鵽黢ΣС
ողŻһж澣ӻԾŵ·İҲ֪ĶͲȵСβˣת۾ͱ̱ˡ
⾿Ƿʲô£
Ҫ˽Ϊ䣬ԸһСҲβ
ӹǣ˵ʮ°ӣʮ¾͵ϡˡ
С̫ѯʣɫʱԵΪѡ
̻˵͸¶ͷ˽ǴûûεһʣС̫ҪǸ͵öԼС
ϼɫɣ鲻ūš
ǳƷңҲǸûвѣ¶öñӡ
ȻԼе«έ˵Ǽ޸˽£ྴٰüɻʼͨյͬ
һ˴ŵһֻ֣ܽ
ԽԽ˸У¶꣬ȡ˺ɰ͸С̫࣬лţʲô֣ڸﵱʲô£
С̫æƾʹͣڵأӵĻСĽ˳Ǹȳ棡
ϼͶԼ˼ЩΪѣһ˼Ժ̧һȣȥԺźա
˳۾һĸͷлʶ
̴ӣʯи磬ԼصԷЪϢ
ԽԽ£˴ĿڣƣЩС̫ƤҲǳģһ绹ڰͽŮз紵ݶͶңԬϰֲΪңû׼´ΰľأ
ʯһ£æԹϡꡱһֵİŴغã޵̵СȰҵĺýǺģ
ŤŤӱͷԸЩ̫УΪ޵ú޷ＫȱȫУ¶ţǼ⡣
ʯһȰū澸վȰһ䣬񣬱ǸԺ棡
˳һֳϷô͵¸ˣտɰū澸Żˣ
ڻǽеӮˣ˻Ȼõ±ô̫̫
ϳԾתͷʯ񣺡¶㻹Ҫ״ɣҲñҲдôߡ
˵һȻֹæͷ¶ʯҲܽ
ϸ룬Ըڶ֮ҹûʾ飬îԽ¡һȥӵľȻ
žŵҲʮİ֡
Ťͷȥи˵ʯҲ׷ʣȥҹùãѡõΡ
˰ԡˮѬۣԺԡ¡
ϱһȺʰͣĴʱǶûдϾ͸͸ɫɴȹ
˿纣㣬˿ʵĴ۵绨һɫɲ͡
Ϧͻǿ͸ɴȼ貵ĵƹ⣬硣
泯ֱͦͦţϸű̺иҲ˳ȥž
ŵͱϴˣϵȵòͷһŵʯϸ״ֻĹ½û׼Ъڹأ
Ҳøɵȵʯá
׹յյƣԼĪʱͷڴ澸ŵ밲졣
ֱģҴűӸס
ϤĽŲ߽ţŮŵ밲׷£š
ѾƲס
ʲô취ˣҲÿԷʲôˡ
ŵߵԣֻͷϷ¶ںڳ
ڱɪɪ
µͷЦһŹɲӼĹϣɤϷʣôˣֲˣ
ۡһƹҹԼ˵İڱЦƿŭͳ첻Ƹͷ
Ȼ俴ԣԴŹ⣬˫ڰӰпרעˡ
ϵ̺ȫƿĿڹϰ͸ɴȹת
Ȼĵͷ⿪ϥѹϴ齡
ŵش𣺡Ƽβָϵġ
ƭˡϵĲһ˷һѹѾõϢأѸٽ
ͶӰ˳Ӱһ
ϱ°
ûӣһֻƳͨǰ󻮽æ̧ƾܣ˵һģû
¸ߣ˫һڣ
š屻͵һѹʧг
ϤĻЦûôָй¶ǵء
ϺҪ⣬ȴȵıȻס
ǵò࣬ķйһ
ѹ£彥ռԼϢ񣬺󾱵޷ƵͿϢǹɰԵռϢ֯һ
һ컡
ȵǹιղӽһţϢʼ٣ŵľסǰ˵Ҫ
µͷ
˵ŲҪק˼ǰ֣
ŵٴαǹϢǱȻиǿҵĳУ
ϾܲסϢӿ룬Ѹ˽ᣬ˫֣Ž²ͷ¶󾱣Ŀ󣺡¡
ȴԸĹԾһҹ㣬˱ķͦӲҪ񣬲Ÿһҧסĺ󾱡
һɼҵϱԿƵŤ壬Ĳ
ϵȴ㣬ҵĳ鴤ΪԼ

113

һսڽ
ԷʵĹϣѾ̱࣬彥徫ƣߣϢŲ
վһ۷޷Ȼȼ䱻һָ⣬ϣ̽Ƶóһ
Ż͵徭ڣϱһͦأȻۣʹĿ򽭳¡
ԷעķӦһССк֮ɫ
æӣȳУ˵һײڴϣ
ŵĳ̺壬Ǳߣ˵õһԾŶ
ԣ˫һĺ̫ϲ㣬ԸΪʳԡ
Уӷתϲͣ͸ŵԣ
ûлش𣬶СһԲ¶ίĿĿ⡣
˲һǴǸȥѧõĴθС
ù¶ԥСֳס̺ٴƿȴعĹƵŤˡ
Ļ́ͷ֣һֱʮ֣ʼһĥķеļɫԵ
ͷңǰŵ°˿ɣһ
Ǽҹʹ尾վûа׷ѡ
δĵԼ£˽㶮ÿƵģССĽһһο
Ŀ仮ڡ
ѩµǰѾʱҲ
˴ʱ¶򣬱ͨĵƻҫð͸ϾµһӰ
һʱ񣬻عæͷ
ʲôûǱڵıĥʧ˻ꡣ
ƺǲķӦµɫȻһֱѸ泯ϡǿԼǰ
֮ģͼ巴ձ
⧲ۣڳƷʾ塪
ɬţٻĻȣȴԾɽܳϸܺ飬ڹļϷ˵Ĺ
ʵС߾¶ǳǳİݣ̲סԼħ
ſӾõģʵģģԸеġһжиɻ
ϲһڣʱ÷̣æסۣˣå
¶һģһĴܸӭϮ
ԼʮݵУͷһʾЦͷһǱȶ⣬ͷһζҪͷһɫձå
ƺһƷʾӦþĿ
ŵü佥ɿ½󣬶Ȼ֣ѺõһѽϳԼĻ
Ͻһ˴̺Ǹ˵Ļ°ͱݺס̧𣬱ȶǰǸˡ
ۣžɫƫͷԼ۽üȾŭ
һ
ˣˣҪϳȥ̱ˣ
ǲǻŶ㣿
̷ͫϣ£⻰ģôҪô
ֲδµСѾˣк·
ֻźŵµһӡ뻤ĲŲ뱻ռС
϶˫ɫӣɫ̹
ŵۣ˵ѣǧĸҲ˵ָΪʱʮϲȻǳڱȡ
ϲɤ԰𣬾һź¡
ԣ°͵ָ⻺ɿ˫һ΢΢չɤȴɺɣΪʲôٰƾܣ
üſ˫ۣʾϿԼ޿̵ͳϣºܣ㿴ô
ɤУżʹ
ͷһͷĹ˼˵ڣ룬͵ͻûбʽ⣬һڴڼ仳ˣͷһ̥ǵôۣ
ԣŵ¶Ȼɴ۾ȷʵû硭
ĬͻȻˡһֱֱԽС
ŵһ£ֽŵ¸ǰʳָ˴ͷ˵ҹƵʻ£û°ɣ
ĬƬ̣ɤԱƵĴǸ˶
**
аͷ¡
µĶ籣İڹԷĵ̴ľϡ
죬Ѿͷ͸ĺҲйĳ
ӽŹ欣̱ڴߣɤѹŵͳ
款Ŵӵ죬ͷʣ£ū᲻뿪źϣⱲӣ±ӣ±ӶūҲ
ӷʺƽڻﰴø϶ĳ欶Ҫ뿪ң
С̫ɤߴ٣ӣܹ˵Ѿ˽ʱ䣬ʵڲˡ
ӱףԲֵʱǵͨ죬ͷ欣˫ķ۴˿Ѿ޵úף硣
һʹ⿴ϵİ붾ƣ׺䶥
ϰճ˵ҽֱԺڶ࣬ȴôЩꡣ
ΪŮˣɥʧȡλĻᣬԹûڣȴԾ޷ȥ
ԽǵĵڣԽ˺ѷεĲᣬ˿̺޲ͬһȥ˵Ҳգ
Ҵſڣ͵͵̧ɫջߣŽ̴ȫ£ҪƬ̡
ű𣬹̧ͷӶߣ£ūһֵģֻ᲻õ˼֮࡭
һʣȻʧһ㣬ˣĿİͰ͵ҡҪȥ󸸻ʣ
欼ʱѳɣСĪ嶯ʥѾٶʥϱض𷣣欶и취ֻǵĵ¡
һۣ欵ļ򣬼ʲô취ʲôʱ˻˵
欵ͷԥģߴ٣Ÿߣһ
**
ھգ磬װŵ»ҳ硣
ոǰʱ̫ԶԶĶͷ
ոǰʯʨݹĴŶᣬﻹżīζ
ѴһСӭӻʾӭ
߹Ժʯשϴǰһֱѵĸۡɣһ븮ȻһССĴ
ϸף԰ʵ̫էһûϰߡ
һûֹ䣬ʯȴȰҪĳţȷ˵ǻʾȦĽ˿ȸ
һ룬ļֻҪôһӣ
ԺǿʯӰͶשϣ֦ͷ
ˣõĶ˵ůȴԤʾŰݵ
ǰѾϢ欵ʬѾ̧аˡ
ϲͷͼԵľŵ°һ
΢°ͣ䵭üۣ͸Ź˵ϡ
ΪŻء
Χ͵ƻʾɫ̴ӣȻͷæߡ
ϴǰҲ̴ôʱ͵Ŀ⡣
Щдŵı飬ȴǡϽؿմϴˡ
죬ѡӣ߽ݡ
ͬŵ°ڸϲ֮󣬹ϱȥ˺Ժ
һ뿪ŵµΧʯһ˫۾͵ǰͷϴתǻŭҪϸ״ԣϸͮʷѧ޵ı£±
ֻʯһǻԹȼʱûҪϹ״ɲͷһλžͰ׵ѵ
С˵ö
ˣ
뻹ǾòģסʯԼȥ̬˳
ƹݣߵԺСرߣʯһɻ󣺡Ҫȥ𣿡
Ϲڳرߣͷǲ״
ʯʱһ죬Ӳ˵
һĿɨʯĵӰơ
Ȼ䣬һϤӳˮϣ˵ķ϶̽ͷ
ȷ˫Լһ˲Ѹ˺ʧ
ˡ次⧲˵һ죬һɺԺŸ
ʯûĻƵǰѯʡ
һ̱ڳرߡ
̫˵ŻԼԺһҵĽк
δع񣬾ͼ̫ʦϵȻվ㳯Դɴܶȥ
ŵŶûߣֱӣһ֧Ŵ̨һԾͷ·˺ѿ㣬Ȼʧǰ
˺һ̫۾ȻŷӳǽԸϽ
ʲôˣ

114

ʯ޴֣ͼ§̱ˮرߵСӣŲҪԶˮƺֺȻʲôֵתͷʶĳ㣬Ҫˮȥ
ĿУƮͶһͨڣΧѸٷţղŵùϻסС
ʯӵģŻˣǰһΣȴԾͼ§
ƳһϮӻƳȻԡ
δü̧ͷʯѾʶµ˶Էݣһ°
ŵˣϽȫˡ
첲Ȼŵһס
תۼ䣬ʯŹϵֱ۱Ȼ˱ɳƵŵ̧˦Զ
ʯˤ˸߻أ֧ͼŵһסϣĿŭĴעԼô
ʯĿȻŵǰԪˣ
ٿԼϽ˿Ծ־塣
ţйϱʯһͨΧûˣȷʵʯľţ㿪
£ū澡ʯ˲ûʹæĹڵأбūʲôûӸղСû˵仰ͺȻһͳ
ԣԾŵ¼ǰͷС
Ȼ˹ɣɼˮɼףϡɼȥ
ˮ沨ƿʱڣûС
̵ˮϵӳϻŵɫ
Ӱ
ɫ΢΢𣬾ŵְȻת
һĦĴ죬䳤ʡ
ΧխһƬԣһ۾ͷһˡ
ͷǶʯ̾͵С޷ֱӡ߹ĺۼ
૷ɤסȽŷ
յʣϵʣ˵ʲô
йظڣȴûõԷĻӦţϥѱһֻ첲ͱᱧ
ϴָпȥǰǽºÿ򢻡ȡ
־СƬСƬɢȥۣŵ¼ѡ
ͷһλţвĹأ磬쵽ϯʱ򣬹ϵѾƽ
׺һֱ᷿
ġĿˡڴϣ˵𷽲Լڳر߿ľһĻɤԾƲסĲ
˵Ҳһëôϲӣ²ֻܱŮҪ
һԲһԣսȡ
ԽԽηɹ˵飬ãųص̾һĶ˻ͣվȥ㸣֣£
ϼæСӣָ˵ͷ࿿ڴ̨Եľŵ¡
ڴʱ⴫̴ӵͨ£Ʒ˶ˣȷʵԳаŮ澡
Բͷ⣬ޱ飬ɤȻ
̴Ů߽ţվŵǰ
ţŮӵķԸתϵľվá
ϡŵ̽Żһ
Ϻ޷תͷȥͼһİŮǰ
Ȼ䣬һĪĿ־Уٴϯȫ
ٴסŵæȥס
¿첽ԣڹ϶ߵ壺£㿴ˣϸ룬տˣǲǺһ
ϱ⻰һأĻ洮塣
ãٴ̧ͷǼˡ
ɫ쳤
ûˮϸֵľ죬ɫʽһ
һٴαܵĿ־壬һѾסǰ󣬼еԡԣҲ·
һŵüæŮصСצӣԾŵ±ǸЦЦ
ͷ˿ֿ̫˿ϣһͷˮĶԾŵµǸָ鷳ˣ϶ҹû˯ã֪ľۻˡ
ŵ°һ֣˽ȺŮ澴ȥɫԵòá
ˣһʱ
̫ҲûŪ徿ô£ֻԼ£ѵ
ͷͼŵ´˿ŮߣϸĺȰ
̫һϲתͷɶϵĿ⣬ƵϲλʾƺԹϺġ
һɫһ̴Ӹˣ᷿š
ڳ£û׾ŵŮ澵˼գ۾Ƶ⾿ô£϶ǲǰѴӸŮѾͷˣ
̫죺ƲһƼǶȻųǸ
¶вޣк͵һ£Ƕ϶֣
Ҳôܽ˰ģ̽ͷǰԺƣԼбǵ̸Цͷ̴ӣʲôʱˣ
ط˵ĻѾʱˡ
üԸѾͷȥ᷿ţȵ̣ͽŸױŻϯ
ΣҲܽǿЦ
תƣɻôûʯ񣿷ž϶ȥġ
̴ǰش𣺡ʯںַҩأһֻ첲ѾˣҲ˵ˡ
ϵɴۣô£
̴ӵͷ˵ģĸ˵Դ
ɻ̫Ըȥַ
ʯ˿ﻹСӣշ˽ţæʹϵ
϶һжãš
ղžʲô£ȥƫôȥƫԺȥˣ㡭ǲҲǶˣһôŪģ
ʯż㽫ǰ󾭹ϡ
ϸϸһĥʯ˵ʲôûпŮһʱۣ
룬ת˻ͷʵ˵϶Ҹ״ʲô״
ʯ۸̫̫
һ°ͣҸʲô˵ʲô
ʯ۾һʱֱ۵ʹˣߵĽСӳɻɡĶУȫ¶
ϴ˿̻ڴϣ˿ûʶ׵ŭڱƽԾˣɤһǹأô֪û̫ҽʬ嶼ˣ
»ۣѾ챻ĥ⣬޿̵İǿϵ֣ü˫ۣǹô㳤ôмĸǱô
ʲôµģó߹һŵ㶼ôס
££ϳ֣סŲӵûûУͻ˵ﶼŮأ
룬æ֣ŵĿС£ɲܸ߹һţ
ŵһͷǹʤƵûȡ
ǷǼǳ۱΢Ц
Ť죬ٴסҲҪ۸ͣ
ԽԽᣬƲ߶࣬ڹ˸ò״˼սթĹ欣ˣȴҪܷ۸
ԣһԽЦѯʣޣԭǹǰܵģ
̧ͷͦأǵȻȻǵ¶ϵİҪҧǴ̿һڣôܸȡʱŤӣǽˣȻ鲻Ļ֣
ŵ²ֱӡ
ⰸӣʵǴֵļ¼У˴ӵֽţưǴ̿ûϵ
永˷ҲǾŵʵġ
ʱͷβһֱ׳̬ȴ˵©ٳԼû껹⡣
ֱ˺ͱ൱ֲٵˮƽ
ѹִЩԽԽʹˣ߳࣬ߴ
עűɵЩԼδ
Ͽ⣬ʱױˡ
´ȴߵСס󣬳˻ȵıڲϡ
£͵ȥױˡƿŵµϵ˵롣
ϲҽһС

115

ͷŵ̴ʱˣվɤӣҪױﴫϼеĵˣ£Ҫһ͵Ц𣡡
һߣƺػˣOO@@һЬ鲽
Ը̴ӱûߴ٣˻űߣͷʾ¡
ʰȥԺͣŵ¸̫ȥǰԺϯͬơ
Сһʱãһˣֻë綼겻ᡣ
Ȱ˼ƣշ̣Ҳ¾ŵԺҲ˾ơ
;ŵĵľ֮ǰ֮۵Ӣۣ¶ǣǱ˺̧ɽĹܡ
Ҫǲֿ磬ϻܰŵƣ˿ȴֻŵ֪֮
ڻɭϣܹͣ磬ʱị̃ҵľ˾Ϳˡ
ϱϻǰԺͬŵ»ϣû뵽߽ʱϺȻסŲơ
ûˣתԹ¶һȼյŭ𡭡
ϺȻĹĵתһԲĿԼЩͷԣһʱڳرƼĺһĻ
ḻһ¾ըˣ
ѲǱˣ
ͫ׽ھ춯صĺкǰһ˲Ͽˡ
ʯ˵ʱܾʾãǲģ
ᵽɤ۵ĶʱضüӴңʯǶأ
һɣƹԼҪӣһѳסӣվá
Σ׳ҵ̾˿԰ӣ¶еʱ̸¶Ҫȼˣ
ϲģ̧̽ϺӣָϸϸĦ
϶ʱǺҪƿȴϾһֻۣùԹԽ׵ļ顣
ʱ˿͹ϵıָжϣӦûٹջ֣´һ顣
ĺһܲҪûɣ
ģκôžʵڲ񻰣ֻȰŮȻѾɻˣǰͷͱ붪ɾһĸء
Ѽҳ޵ģһʲô۶ӣĸŮͳռҵˣ
ϲ鲻Ըɤߺߣ֪ˣ߰
ǰԺѾɢϯˣԶԶƼͬӡ߻˵Щʲô
ϳλʾ̸ֹͣվһɹ̬֮
ûжѣϱæͬѺ׸ŵ³ϽΡ
ϯݣûʱ𻰣ɢϯλʾҲһͬȥ԰͡
Ҳǹϼ޽֮ͷһдס
˵˼ֻһۣȴӵӣͷ
λԺĹиСܹܰš
ܹһһ˲ʽڲϵ˼߽ݣȾŵʽ
϶»
ЦеעӹϣԺͽգͬҲǾʶĹִ֮ͣǽ쾩ᣬͬҲڳıҲ
߻һЦĿӣ㵱ʱҲͦԣﻹŸһأ룬Ȼϱ
һԹЦɲǣִǻϾŻڻ쵣ĵǡǸгɶڡ뵽Ǹϻģﲻʰ
ڿһЦƹȥͼʾӱ졣
΢΢ףˣλʾϲù֣϶ٴ׳һøλˡ
߻üһ֮ãϱ
øǰŮ밫֮
ŮһټϵУ㹪˳䡣
λʾȫ֮ļָ⡣
ʱϢĨ
ֻһȴ·ƽ޲ĺУͶһö⻬ʯ
ţذ⳩ʶ
Ų룬˫ϣʱ૵ագ˻
һԽ̲סƳһۣǳͫϷʵ˰磬ƨ죬ҲܸļˣǺαأ
һƲ죬б˾ŻһۣѲһ̣̾˿ɫˣҪ˵¶ġ
߻ҲֱӣŲŲӴսӵԣ۵ð¶̶ã
˵ͷʹ˸ɫһŻá
߸Ƴһۣ򱡴Ǵô죿
ȿڵ˵¶ɣѴ㶼Ͼ·ˣ޿ˣ
ӣҪôһֲʣҪôһ̬ƵۼҲòֵѡ߶վ
߻ӵͷɫţǾԲվӣûϷˣֵܵҲȥһš
ӵͷߵߵ棺ô˵Ͼš
ۿ˿ҪǣϷûϷʵ˵㡭
ƺЩԥŵ¶˶ٲżǸģТˣ۲̬ҲǨŭǣ³ɲ¶ᵼʹЩֶΡ
ӵͷ̾ǰģݲһɳӣĿִܰ˿ɸճ
߻һĦ°һСƬ룬ĳŶֱ´͵ˣͣʲô޵ģ
бһۣⲻܸԤ¶̸һ㣬һۡһؾ
ʾɤŲκξһ
˵ϵ¡
һ¾ˣϲ˶ٸڼʾ˼Ҳϡ
һֱ۲콭ɫ
ʵɫԾͬʱ࣬ϺҲû¶κβ
Ͼһ𳤴ģֱܷǵûʲô
̸УƺҲдٳɶŮλ֮⡣
ңصŽ¶Խϵۡ
ТֶΡ
ϱۣĿһ
ûû
ȷʵˣǰҲһ
ǳƽֻʣˣһΪݺׯ𣬴·磬ڽΣա
̧ۿȥʱ˿̣µûаλ֮ģ᲻һֱ˲䣿
ʱͷѾ̶ͳһؾ
üⲻûĴʹʧ
Ҫ£ӻһתһ£ˣѮ˶Ҫ۴ĺˣ
߻һǣ֪ˣ˵⻰Ǳʳ
˵λ˶ҪԸѡʾ
ۼȡ˼ۼ˼ð
Բ죺׵˶ʾ
죬صĵɲǣλ˶ͷɲС
ºǹǻӣ
߻ӽӻǸ
ӻӻ֣ʾ˱ԼһҸǽˣɾǴġµһ
һüæ磺ܣµһŻô
߻ӡꡱһЦϡ
ЦԣһۼϾţʲôţǸһ
½ӻ˶
ЦԶԣµһ˶
Ϊµһľŵ΢Ц
һڣʱҲ̲סЦĵҲɢЩ
Ӽ˵ǰͷǿɶȢһλӻţǰ黹ϼǧƾˡ
һعףô˵Ҳ棡
߻ʼ磺ҷûȤȢµһҪŻͶϾţв
Цһвֲǻӣӵģ
ûĵһۣͱǫˣǸ˶Ůв
ԣĹ΢΢һ֣зת
׹
Ǻǽǰ

116

ǰϵ¯Ʈ̣ϵ˼·һ֮УĪѹ֣ȴ޷ѡ
ͷһֱŹǸĴţֱֻ죬ȴ
ֱ׹ŵ´λӡ
λʾĳߣʧںͬڣתظһ·ȥǰ߷㶡
ֱԵѾͷ˻˶ûв
һ˫ԲסСȵıϢϣһա
ϤϢûͷֻĿڣ£⣬ȴո˾硣;б䣬Ҫǰ̧ͷ
һ漴üʲô䣿뷴ڲɣ
ת̧ע˫һӣҡͷǣ
ֹЩ飬Ը뾡񡱣˼СʾţôŻ˻˵ͨ
Ӿŵ檣ȴϣǹôͰԼλӸˡ
ɺ׹޽Ҳ˵ͨ
µûţתǳü䡣
ŵ¿ԼҰĪǳӰΪΪ欵²ģǰסϵļ򣺡ģ۶ӼȻѾֵǰ¾;Ϣã´ˡ
һ㶣겻ɢ¶
ֵöǲ磬ͷǰ峺޲ĺ棬˺ü
ǻУתȻߵСߣȥʯЩû
¼֧֧Ľͣԭû·ͻȻѾͷʱһֱ첲ֱĵģػ֪ô
ó⻰еǸ⡣
澣ŵҲ֪Ρ
Сôˣ˵ǸҲġ
˼ףʮĳϦദһ񣬾֪ʲôζǸ⡣
õ͡ʵͦοæף²Ҫֻܹ͵ʱʧ̬ˡ
֮ļ컹᲻¶û¶ȥʯ̸ġ
ÿնһѹټҾӣŰݷþͽġ
ԭ뿪ͷ˵ҪˣĶ־һйˡ
ҹﶼ˯Ǳһͨ˯óһһģ񫣬һҲֿ
ҹμԼµƾС̫ŵ½ҪЪԺ
⻰һ˿ϲתͷԸʯԡ׼ˮ
תͷȴС̫Ǹӵͨ澣泰ĶЦʲô׼ģֲ㣡
͵ؾѹһŵĺ
۾һӦڰϳģһһֻǽڷ޳֣ԼأһȻѹСϡ
תͷͼôצԼС˯㡣
ر𰲾˯գϢģһ׾ķɫ·ںҹγ
غȻֻС¶Цգһ£ѱȦø
Ȼ̤ʵһЩϾŵצӣԣ˫ỷסԼĺԼҲ˫֣ס²ӡ
һҹ
֮ĩ׳ǰյִﾩǣȶһͬ빬ΰӵۡ
͵ھ磬輧ǳ裬ӵȴһֱܿȺŶĹϯȥ
ȶһֱĵͷһ˫˹èƵɫӣ߾ǰĲ͵ϡ
ӱΪǲ˼ţʱγذףõȥʽԼ͡
ðɣһֻʹÿӵĲ˹è
̲סôƯֲʧҰԵ幫Ҳûˡ
ʱ߻ӱţһȥơ
ȶȻҪ游ŵһĳޣ鶯˫۲λת
ŸʮͣɽҰּСһŲۡ
߻ӶóⰢȶʵŻôǣֹȴһɺҰԣĪӵ
Ҳ޵ˡ
ϯ䲻ģȶãջǽĿͣ߻ϣǡ
ԼԳһСèһ
Ӷʱһ߻Ѹ˻ϯλǰʯͷԼĽš
ӵ֮Ŀһֱڽתʾȥƣȴһһĺƾƣֻˡ
ٲĿȥƽ¡
⵹ùӡϯλ϶ˣӰ֪١
ӵ۳̾˿Ůʡİ
ŵ´ʱȹ󣬷ȻĸС棬о˱һĶС
˵߱ȹιιˣŵ¼ò˶¶ǣ״
ڹһŵλݣŵֻñؾ
¶ҳݣԣȹ˳žŵµԴȰ³ˣҲ÷ſһЩʲôëƤС¶
ŵºȥ
ûμϯڸ﷢
һ뽭µˡ
ѹ˽һµĿ־Ѿû䣬ֻܽƽ
ŵɢϯظͼԼһžƺֱ͹࣡
һԵŮﻹž̳ӣŵǰһۡѾ˰̳ƣǺ
糺죬˿͵תͷһ˫Ѭֱֱסŵ£ҡҡλվָԷ㣡Һһ
Ϊһľŵͷһض¶ɫǫĻ־ܾ
һ̧ȣһŲڰϣɵĶԽ¾ƺһˣһϣ󡭡ҲŲ㡭ҪȢʲô
¡Ҹ㡭
ŵ˫һæǰһԴԼʧԡ
һͷǳͫɨһԵ澣˳ԷĹϡ
ŵɿ֣𱿰
˫ѬѾʢ⣬ȴǿŷŵƣϲɤŸղŵĻҡһ㶼¡
˫ɫֱֱעԼùϻ㱼࣬ԼԼ񺰳ʲô˵䡭
̧סҪͰ
䣬ǰһתӱᱧ𣬼ڴϡ
ԾһϤɤԼߣȢʲôҥǸͰӣǰǲֱµô
ɿ֣ĿǰˣĿڣҥҸ㣬»ȢĹģ
ǰźÿһӺȻЦ૵Ȣǹ˼С㡢ռŮһйϵĹǹⱲӵľ
ڶ磬ۣԼʰצ״ĳС
̧һƣС˯ͦ׵աϣеĺۡ
գգۣԺ룺ǱĸСģҲ̫ˣ
죬Ȼ촽һʹһ
Ӵˣ
ﻮһ˿ԤУס׵촽̧ͷٿСϵǺۣʲô
ʱ̵ÿˣ
ŵ½תϸæװ˯
ԣ
ֱ۱ŵᲦ۾͵ŵԼ߳š
ѿļ֬ͷ淭ȥԺ
̴ɤĵ֮飬̧һƣ¾ȫˡ
ͷ¿ôءСʾˣ
**
ȶţʹͻʿ˹˳ι侩ǵĽС
¡ͬǳļУ̷ܶƷڳչʾ
ĿŵĻƷλλԶĹۡ
һ·ϣϰնͶĿ⣬ȶȻĿϲĴĴ̯λĿһͷϡ
ǸλƷ̯߽һƺЩʵ۵Ʒ
ȶһһ̴֧ľʵķ
̧ҪȥȡһȴͻȻܳһֱ޳֣ɴĽǰˣ
ȶԾ̧ͷҪ磬ͱǰһžɫĲӿ˿ǡ
ֱ˿ڶԻѯʼǮȶȻüȿеģ
ԣǰ˲ͷһ˫ɫһдˡܷɫ
ȶһƯﶯŭҪǶԷóҲֻϵù
ɾǰĿཻһ̣˲Ծĵط
㡭Ǹ󣿡ȶĿ𾪣ôвھ󳤳ģ
ôо󵱽˼Ҿϵķ
ôק̬ȣ
Ƿѵ

117

³ţϱæ𴲣ѯźԼƾƵ澣Ҫǰҹ¶ȫ˵
ŮǱЩ֧ᣬ£¶ʵ顣
һһףŮֻ˵ֱŵ䡱֮û֪ԸҲ벻ֱ̫ˡ
Ļɤ
Ȣǹ˼С㡭
Ⱳӵľ
ô벻ȫ仰ȴĪҹϲ뼤
ϲøдŲֹξϾСղŹϵġս
һ飬ϼǲʲôĵҲûзԾͣǳȡ
ΪʲôʹѲǾŵ±ǿǺһ١
յ˦˦ԴϾתע֮㣬ѹ˾ʦϷ԰
Ϊ˽Ҷ͸͸
Ϸ̨ӴԺɣΧˮơľдřѳС
ܰžȣŷ֣һֱӵĳȱ˶ˡ
һź˳СӵĿ⣬ӯʵЦ⣬֪Ըƨ׼ˣæǰԻܰɻ⣿
ϻعգգۣͷԲϻʱû⻨٣ûõģ
˳ЦĹ𻰣ǣϻƼʯùø߷ݵͼüŶлɫܰūŶϲ⻨ӽûŲ˼꣬װγȷ֣ӿģ
лһ˿
˳ǰЩʱŮͶϡС̫࣬ʵǸϸĵĺūš
˲͡˼ϸѵõĻԵá
ͷǰһɺ˽ȴͱӸ״ƫ˳ͬ
ͣƤˣȴۣͬС̫౳ﻹǰ˵ûʵйϲ졣
˵ľ֣ش֮ڣڱط֮˳ȴɡ
ʮͷͣǰ˺󶼻÷ˮ
ͤ£ס޵ԹǸ͵ˣ˵ǰЩӣѾ̧ټ̴࣬ͬУǸˡ
˳æصūŲҳܣźӣ˳ģūŵ
ԵһЦûֻԹǫ飬Ҿͦ棬ôͷƽ̴Ӳ⣿
˳һƺѯʣɫϸϸһ룬ˣūޱͶȡɣ˽Ӳġ֣µĶǱ򡣡
ͷɱڲң⿿ƣܳɾĺԵ
˳һЦӿͨ͸ƣȷʵѵúñ˵ģʵߵ̹
ԸĴ԰ڣ׻˵ͷĴã
۵ò߷ֺô¶˿õзݣһپ١
ʱһãԻᵱԼˡ
ЦЦ㵽Ǹģǰ;ɹ
˳æǫѷһ
һ֧ʯϣϸϸƬ̣૵¶˷ܱ𣿿ǣĳ죬ܿƺ÷ܲʮȫ˷ߡ
˳ͷһ䣬ʱһ飬û뵽ӵĵ¶
Ըֵʱˣһת˳ǰһСӣūŶֱԣ¶֣ص棬ͷĻӦõʲã벽Ҳ
תͷͼ̴ӽͤӣ˾ʦϷӵˡ
ӭԶԶƼҶȺУЦӯӯԼ
̴ͤӵϷĿӣɨһۣһۡĵͤ
Ϸ𻰣Ϻ濴Ҷţǲȥ˾ˣһءͷôЩ¶ôҪ棿
Ҷ΢΢һ㶣Щʱգȥá
ȥĶǹϵڹִͶڵӣÿÿãȵ
֪ͬйһݣҶ˵Ĳ״˸Уֻúǣʹϣɫɱºö࣬Ǹ˵ġ
ɫ΢죬ͷСֲǲ֪²ǸԵСʾ
һûľʵķһ˵ûУ˾ʹҴææĶܳ԰Ҳ֪ʲôȥˣ˲ġ
**
¡ͬ԰ֻӡ
յůգƲ㱻ҫĿ⻺âӳ˫һǳͫһɸ߰ģ
ȶͦţ°ͣɢΪ۷ĸߵȾϢȴǰ۲ʶ̩ɽľԼǸ˫Ϸ
Ȼ
͡˫ɫ͵ǳͫûֱӻعͷߴٻƸۡ
ȶ
һոաһ
ιȶûܹ裬ҧгݵ˫ֲ㻰أ𣡡
ǳͫļһ˿ûлͷ˼ƺ̯λƱļ۸Եò졣
ţʹͳһӣһֶƣԸ㣬֧ľʷ
װѰȶ˿
ȶˣ
˵ԭԼԾǫõ棬ǰһı֣ЩҰɽ־ӡʧȣ
ȶԭľǣúýѵûȡľ
ɤӣ˫ֱۣûƻΪѡͷʱǳͫ˳ϣһͷһƼҵôЩΡ
б۾ˣ죬˵Ưľ͵ͣпõĻɫȻһ
ôЩӣΪû£ֻܴƯˣȥԻļҲµľϹ
䣬˫ǳͫȻбɨðȶĪһ⣬ʶ˺һ
ͻʿǰ
Χİȶָֻƣǰһͦӡ
ǳͫȴûֻջߣڣôЩ㲻ƫҪѰ£
ȶһ˭ѰƣҿϵĻƷˣ
ǳͫתȶǰһĴ䲻㣬ͷиʺĻƷ
ȶһȻת̬Ȼһ㶣ΪԷڶԼЩ͵ĻӦġ
ǳͫ˲ͷָ̧֣ԽϽǵһӣܵǼׯӣô
ȶһ˫èƵ۾ϸϸһ׼ӣ̧ͷһңҽݡ
ҽݣҽôʺĻƷ
Դһ˲ع񣬰ȶףһ˵вҪΡ
ŭɶĻͷŭǻ쵰вأ
ŷ֣ǼһѾתӹƵİûƵ׼ˡ
ȶһȭ³Үգס
ͻʿǰˣǳԷ̹ΧڵС
ȶڵǾԣŶ˵ԭľǫ񣬽ȴô֮ͽ
ǾǾҵĹʿȭͷ㽲
ǳͫͷһƵ̾һһįıԹľҪءºŶ
תȶϰһεĵȥɡ
ȶĳǣʿǰС£ٴȸţԺñ۸󡭡
˵ţȶȥӰָҪֽǣǳͫͻȻһ֣
ǣһа˵䣺ֻҪõõ
ǼһͶȻˣ
мˣ
ȶн㣬ǰԼһӶʳȴǰǻ׾ٵıܿ
ûסȶһ˵ڵأˤ˸࣡
æĸɾϵ
æ
ȶ˦˵֣ңץסǸ쵰
˴ҴͼǻѾܿԶһƽ֮У޳Ŀ¶Դ
ͷ尢ȶһְ۾һ־ŷҡʾ
ۼ䣬ܵӰ١
ȶһȭͻʿֱϣĸ﷢ţԲܽǻ쵰ˣ

118

صŮæȶӭǰ˵ר̽ݷ
߻𣿡ȶ̽ͷ˾䡣
Ů΢΢ҡҡͷ
ȶԵʧϯϣӡӺ߻Ӷ˾ƣȶԣ߻ӿʵ⡣
ԭִҪ޸ĵĳƷʾɰȶ˵ǳƷʾһλ㼫
ʳգȡԼѡȨ
ȶСͰкһﵽ׽Щ۵Ļ˼Уź
ôԵ˵ӣֻҸ͵סԼڵˡ
ңСͻʿǰ㼡ĸ첲׳Ļ
񣬲ðȶеȫ
ԭŷ֣۶ߵȵľ󣬶ʱ޳ɵģ
ֻԸߡĻʾˡ
ӵͳֻλʾλǻӡ
ֵֻܣӿ񶼴ɫֻ߻Ӱʵò˵һЩ׸ͷܸߴ
ȻŰݷõģȴӡ
ȶͷԵ߽ţ˿
ԸŵĻӣûȤ
ȴȫû䵭һȶ߽Цĸͬȶк
ȶޱñǻؾţȴžǧ䵭
ӵʾʮãԸŮϳƷʾĹ⡣
ԸˣôҲԣȷʵǸѡ
ѾͷԾһ۵Ŀģ
Сֱ𣬶û¶ⵡĲ̬֮
Ϳ֮󣬸Ůһִ
ȶҪ߻ӵӵۡ
**
ʮַѽ⣬һգСʱʱ͵͵ϲľӡ
ζ𣬶ھŵͻãԭûκβġ
ǵ¡ȻҪ˼Ҳ巢Ǿߵĺ
Ϊʲôÿһױ̨ǰͷͿԼһŵľӣݷƵãߵᣡ
ļҹͷϵķŲԴģܴ֪£
س̾޲ðѾŵ˽صľӶ͵۶ϣ
ۣӾеԼ
ʱ鶸Ȼӵˣ
սͭе΢΢ͷ
°͵棬ǲǳǳۺʲôʲô
һ˫°ͣ
ϵһæ߰ͷ­Լֵĵڶ°ʧΣ
æվžתһȦһԵʯ񣬡ƣǲˣ
ʯɵϸϸһԭҲûʲô𣬿кȻâһɴ۾Ŀϣòǻ˰ɣ
϶ʱĶˣ
˵Ҳǻ˰ɣ
ޱܿʯεĿ⣬ŭҽ
ʯ񲢲֪Լҽûߵһ㡱ֲ֧ŹתһȦ۽̫ҽգ
Ըģ޲һͷײǰͭ
̫ҽô
ٳԵƷɢ
ߣߣ
ϳȥ齣Լ
˵˷ʱʳƫƫԽԽ벻ͣĳԶ
ԴӼˣոڸЪͤྸ㡢Ʒ
û¾ȥŷ¿ζǸ⣬뵽ķţһžԶһ鵷һ߳ԡ
ŵѾöûԹƵǸˣȫгԹˣ
϶צӣԼĲ
찡
ͷͨŵ¼ݵʯæϴ齱߷
϶˶ҪԼԱñӰӼݰգ
Ѿֵûۿˣ
Աˣ
ʯ޴վڴ齱ߣԸŵ¶׸
¶ڱĽӼ̬û¶ʲô̴ӣԡ
ǣͷװĹϣָоڸԼԴϲ巢ˡ
£ĹĵһԴղľʷõͲôЩʲôǲ˼Դε
¼æʣµľӲػ̹׵Ļش𣺡ϯϣƼöͷ϶ɫľ
иʿ߾ŵ£ͷǺԷ
ϲףһӼСϣﻹΪˣͷ૵¡УԸ䣬ӣ
Ϊʲô΢΢ü
˶ãͿ޺Ųˣ컹˷Уôܳأ
ŤͦأʾСԼԲ
ɬŤŤεСΡ
ŤУǰǶ򷢸͵ãʮӦڽǰһߣ
ŵµüͷչеĲɢ
ֽϳ̹ϵĳޣܲǼƷ󡣡
ϣ
ͷһεõϿɣѵΪԼֵ̫Сο
ϸˣߵ߶Ҫι䣬Ҫ̴Ӻͽӣ
ŵµһֱ΢ţעӹϵǴ¶һ˿ϲõɫ֧֧Ӧʣáã㰮һ䡣
϶ʱĸжû뵽Сôһ棬˵Ѱο㣡
ڶţ˳Է׸׼ļѣһһͭԡ
ҵǣԼķˣ
ȹգǰķˡ
ŮһɷʣȷʵʼЩơ
ǿᣬմһֱĵ࣬߳Է
Ϊ೤ֻߣȹֱŸĿʽʮڵЩͻС
ԣʹûʺϴѵļڣϻ޷˵Ĵˡ
Ȼ
ŵ²ˣ
ʱúõģϸջȹ߳Ƽ洺Цգ˲ˡ
ڹϱȹе쳣͹ĳλ³ǣɤֱӣ㴩Ͻֹ䣿
ɻͷǰ²ϲ
ûд𻰣תķԸʯ񣺡ȥ׿ɵѻϡ
϶ʱ׺䶥
ɣְɣ
Ȼ˵˰ɣ
ǣůѮȴŶɵԲϽˡ
Ҳͷһθι䣬澶ûţů¡
Сӣݶש߶ȻƵĹâ
ȺͷԾȺ·߲ͷ
ѾҪȵˡ
Ӧ˿ŽӺŵģŵ¸˺öɸ״ѿǡ
һֻĿȸѾСйˡ
£ųص廹ȰɣƬҲ֪̯϶ˣմϻҾͲɾˣԣͻȥڣʣµǿȫ˰ա
ŵֹͣʳİȸױƵõݸϣôɾ¶ˡ
ϣ
һȦ͸ɾ治Ը
ʵ߲ˣϰھŵ¸첲ϣһָԵСݣҪȥЪϢƬ̡
²ûֱ쳣Ӹߵ¡ͬ·;ʵڲ²еƣ
ϰıŷĸ첲ھŵ¿һ׽ֺ÷ʽ
ڶ¥¸ż䣬ŵºԼķˡ
ѾȥЩ͵͵ժ٣һֻʣˡ
ϣµ¥һȣܡ
ͷ綷£ôЩľӸʲô
û𻰣ۿס֣еߣһǡ
˫ɫһһ˲˲͸רעĿ͸ص顣
һ˲䱻ɫۣ糺죬롰²һʲô̵⡱̹ԹԻֵ𣺡;
ǰһΣѾԶ
˲ݣ¼ϻǼ̯λߣ벻ʮʱȴȻסš
˶ˡ
ǳͫɨܡ
һȺƽʿԼΧ£񣬲ԭˡ
΢΢ɨ¥żĴ̨
һԵİڴעԼ
ǳͫ΢΢𣬿ܵĿԳһ˿ꡣ
һתż⣬Ѹʮֽ·ڣ˵ĺͬ񱼡
޿ɱ⣬Ǿ뿪ҰΧ̫Сİʵź
ӵľͷվŸװĹ
һĳȹųޣ˹èƵͫ΢΢ǣһСּ
ߣĶܣ

119

խƵСͬԻҰ׵ΧǽȴܸߣбգӰһֱǵǽϣаɸߡ
ȶǳͫڲԶͶסţŲųȣԼ
޳һӰ֮Уһ£ҫĿ
ȶս޹ЦͷһؼԼϧգϧﲻ
ڶ಻ʱȶԵʿǰһȴȶȥ
Ȼǰһ̧ͷע˫Ǻյĵɫ˫ͫб¾ȥҼˣգҪ㿴ҵ汾£
ǰĻϴ̬Ȳһһ˫ɫʮרעĶŰȶĵ껰
ðȶʮֵ⣬֪ˡ
ûüڿ࣬Էɻ󿪿ڵǰȶ
ȶ΢΢һ㶣ع°ͣ⵽еʶѾˣȻ˻͸ԼеҾԼѡеķʽ
һʮλͻʵʿѡһһֲ⡣
ӮˣҾͷߣ̡
ڶأҪ㲻Ҵ򣬾͸ҹµأģӽ󣬱оǫã
䣬˫ǳͫδ¶־ɫֻ΢΢ЦЦĵش⣿ֻѡһô
㣡ȶޣ
ͷ³
ڡ
Ҵ򣬴Ϊֹ
³Ȼתǳͫˣʵȭͷ¶Ĵ׳첲Ͻһһǰ
ֱԣǴԴ̧ͷĿȴһķŵϷʣɫԣ·ǳ˯ѾõޣէȻѹ
ʱ䣬һǿսϢڱƵӿ
ܵĿ־УΧеʿ䲻˸飬³ʶ˿һٴа㣬𾪵ĿǰǸǳͫˣ
³ȶȻеһ飬Īëȴʲô
³ˣʱ߳ŭĺǳ⣺ʲôϰ
³æӦȴȻ˷磬Ҳڣֱȭͷ͵Էţ
ȶ΢΢ü֪ǳͫ߳һȭ˳ɻᱻ㿪ȴû뵽
žһȭƻ
³ȭȻǳͫȽסͷ·סһޱɵ
侲ֹһ˲
ȶ˶Ȼס³ȭͷһ³ʱʧȥģȲתδվȽţȫȻ¶ڵзҰ
ϥǱǰһһѵĴ죬ʹʱ쳹ͬ
³ϥأ⳯󣬱Ťһ޷ʩĽǶȣʹ˻ţͼתֱۣ΢΢۹ӣϸͱһ͵һ

ϸ˺ѰʹŻһˮѪһ˷θζ˲ӿ
һסϸɤ﷢ʹĸŻ˻һ˳ʹʧˡ
ˡһ죬˵̫Ѩָؽ͵һǼֹͣ˰ֱͦͦĳһߵȥлѪ˿־ȴѳɢ
ˣȶٳûлع
ֱ㶵ĿǸǳͫˣ̬ɢƹ³壬̧Ųס򣬷ת壬ɤૣǼƷ۴ĴƷʹ򡣡
ȶعһɼȵĿ־ϯȫ
ͫ˺󣬲溰㡭ʲôˣ
ûд𻰣ɢתͬ뿪ƺսֻһĪĻԼģǾ϶ķ䣬Ҳ״ˣɩ
һȺʿæŽ³ơ
ȶŵսƤޣ裬׳ŵӶǼһﱳӰźݻ𡭡ӣϻؾˣҿǴĵľֻˣ
ǼһûлӦ˼ȶ̶˵ǲǣ
һ֪˼æȡõԭǳĲث֣
ʿմӷǹǿսϢлع񣬼Ǵ˰³ԭ˻ûԶйߣƵԭľͦζ˸ղŸһƼûǾСΣ·סžͽ
䣬ɢǹɱ֮Ȼٴӿ
һ£̧ͷƼѾס˽Ų˵˾ŹֵĻ
ʩ
ȶͷһ⣬ԭ󻺻תһϵĳԼл˵ŹŹֵĻ
ã˼
ȶź˼ŵĺס
У˼
ԴĴ֮ڿȺˣۿڿϵͻС֮ƶǫ֪񣬾ҴľԱС
ǳͫͷһ˵ôЩȶȴһûֻͷĪһͷˣǼһˡ
һɲǣųϵˣͱһһʯͷҵͷѪڵء
һȺʿ˫Ŀһӵϣ
սḶ́ȷŰ³صĹ̸ΪѸ١
ȶԼɵͻʻأ
ûһ˿裬ֻʣ¿־壡
Ǹǳͫ˿һͻʿ壬ȶ
ȶ˫֣еƤޣָˣɫĺ
ǰ﷭ʣļľݸȶôˣ㣬Ժ߶Ź¡
ȶ۾ŵֽӹǼ֧
ˣҲôûȡ
ƿôãͦģǲ֪ΪʲôôҲûţôͻȻβˣ˵һĪĻ
ȶͷеķֱǰסչӰת뿪̧ͷι
ͣסŲȴûͷ
ʲô֣
Էû𻰣ƺЩͷļӿ˽Ų
ȶ첽׷ϣҵĻȫˣ붥ǵĲ£
Ź¡
˻Ӧɤȴ񣬰ȶȴûнϾ˼ж˳˺档
ôܵǹƥսʤĻ
ʲô£ţֽй𣿡ȶС鲽ţһ档
޿̵ͣ½Ųͷɨ
ȶŵöסŲһ˫ҰèƵ۾ί
΢˫תע˫ۣ治ʶˣµע⣿
ȶգգ˫ۣ׹ɫ죬ҧгݺǳƤ˭ҪעⰡҶҳԲѷҡҪ
¸ʾ߸
ȶԣһҪδķѵ㣡
ЦһδķŲסˣǸͦģȱһϱ
ȶû˼Ҵһ֪δķ˭Ǵĵġ
£ӣ
ȶҧгݣ˵ͨʾ岻ס쵰ǴĵĳƷʾ
£
ȶԷһԣǳʤ׷˰ɣ¾͹ԹԵҵĻֺˣ̣
û뵽ԷһмĻعֻһ䡰ˡͿ첽뿪
ȶԾԶԶţһȻ˵̶ȴԭɫ֡
ʲôµģ
֪סĶȱġۣͣ
¸ճڣԶԶݶ¥һۡ
ˣ
ȶ׷ڣƼ˺Ȼƹݷ񱼣æ׷ȥ
һ·£һվűĴ
ǵȼˡ
¿첽ǰô¥ˣ¥š
ϼˣһиǰסŵ䣬Թôȥôã͵ȵöˣ
ŵ³ǣˣ
Ųǣ죬˵Ǻ׶ӣǡ
ʱ˿̣ȶվڲԶŲſ̸Ц졣
н顣
˫ĵɫӣԭҲ¶Ц⣬ӭźůһĪļ¶

120

Ĵⶼð޹⡣
һУȶͷһȡһרעĿ⡣
Ͱ͵ĿŶһ
Ǹ۵ĹƺǸѪͳĻľ
һ˫īۣŹĽ棬ѻѻķϣĿֻԲľ
ȶľĺ壬
ôĿġ󰮡ĳľƺ紫ô
󼸸ͻʿײײ׷ʹǷǷعˣ
ȶعŤͷ˵¡
һ겻ɾķƤɫĺһֱӵʡ
׳Ҹ첲˽ǣĴǰ
һ˲䣬ȶüͷȻȺӣǰǰͿɿЩ͵ļ룬еθ
ȶߣֲǰѾʧ١
ͷȻĵڣعɣԸķ䡣
ص޵Ժȶ齥ƽ
æԼԭʦΪԼ󡪡
ʲôСñ˼䡭䡭
ۺ룬˵Ŀǡб˼
ȶ۾һæͷǣʲôñءôŵġ
ޡüĿչ͵ʥƣͬﾳУҲͬȰӦ֪֮֮ǰҪԼΪӦѭ
˵ĻȶȲĳƪۣ򵥵ĸ
СԭѧʾͺܲУЩͷ綷
֮˵úҲСһλԭΪ֮㣬̴ҲѧϰȴͨԭĻ
ˣǳͫڽԭĵѵԼ
ȶȴͷһضԴĵѧʲȤҪԸһ
ǼһǰԳţ١֪ɫ
ϸϸһ룬ȶʵԭǲǻԳƹţ£
ͷ쳤Ӳ˵¹֮£
ȶͷ
ͷȻԭĻ˸ȤЦһӣҡͷԵĽ͵¹ѡ֮ƣս֮ʼ
һͳ֮󣬾ԡޡԳƣֱ߰ǰ콵䶨۵һӣΪƷǧź֮ԡ¡ԾӣҲеġԳ㡯һʡͷȶЩ£־ƩĵľŻŮΪƷѵԡ¡Գơ
һ䣬ȶˡ
Щ֮ȥİɤʱл쿪
治ʶˣµע⣿

֪δķ˭𣿡
ӣ

ȱһϱ
ˣɩ
·һɳҵ⴩͸Ʋ㣬˺һĪġصĻдߣ
ʱ׺䶥Ŀ˺ݺݴһȭ
ȶһסؿڣ̱ڹС
ͷǵ˫ۣæ澡
ôˣ
ȶкһƬĿһ˵ʲôо
ûڡ𾪡־壿
ģƺһ޿Ƶģϲ
**
϶һžŵľӡ
ص԰һԺӾȲͭǰ⣬СϱȻ
ԼЩ
ʯ񣡡ϲĲһѺȥԡգҹһ
ʯŮˮȸ˷ԸԡĻ
ͭն˽ԷŮǾͼһ߽ţƹ硣
æ׸
ԾһϲͭǰͷҲûлأֱֱž޳Ӱһ߲٣һֺǺǵĵ£Ҫȥԡ裬Ȼرһ°գ
Ůŵҡ
Ʒʾ
ѾȻֱ׳رܣֺ
ŵԣֻ̧Ůǰ˫ӵס˾ǰĹϡ
ͷܿ׹ڶϵǣѵ£һĺ
ͷѣૣ»а˸¾ܹܽҪǻˣǰһݡ
һ⣬СĲ
£ֱۣתüŽ£ҪͦŸȥܲ⣬ҪôѽԲ˳ģºαؼһʱأ
Ĵίһ죬ͷȥ
գ۾һСҪѣȥͷһա
ŵ»عͷһ˫һǲʣ㻻·ƾʲôù¿ţ
ϣ
ôƨܺӾ֪ˣåأ
ֻˣϻСԼľŵ½Ŷ಻ѽ¾ͱͺˡ
ߡ
ŵһߣùһ죬һֵ̿Ŀ˫ŭĵɫӡ
Ƿǡµš
ǳϣȥ
ͷľսĻ϶ԽɴۣͻŮ
ԡԡȥˡ
ԡĳӣǸݱȻѩɽȪھ򽨳ɵġ
麵Ĵ룬̲ıɫˮɼˮ˻ꡣ
ˮΧɴĥ⻬ĶʯΧɣ޴İҹɡ
ܶǳˮһ̤ȥˮϥ磬Խм䣬ˮǡ
һһ뿿ԼĪһɵľʱˮѾؿڣûǰⲽȻ˻سر߾
ϰխľͰԡʹʮԡأҲûʲôϷˮ˼
οϱͲˮԣŮڳرţԹˮűܵĿ־塣
ԣһɢһͷڷؾصԡɳ̤£ôȳˮ
һʵĺ˫ۡ
ʱԵˣϻѡСһ˳ӵĵ滻һѡ
ûкҩ
ԣȫɾ֮ʱˮ֮£ȻоŽȻһ
Ǳһֻס
ֻһ۵ʱ䡭
һͶȻĽ󳯳ȥ
һˮʱ䣬ԴȫȻûˮУ
Ǳ˼޻һͷڷڳͬ㸡
˲䣬˫ۣɿһӰϷһžɫֱֱˮԣϤĻЦ
ס
С
ϼҧˣ
µˮԳ֬İýϢ
ȴͣĿҪϢˣ
ĵķŭСࡱ³һݣԴ˱￹飬
ˣ͸Ϣˣ
ΪһˮԵĹϵȣҪΣգǿԼı۰򣬸ˮ档
˫ֳŽ˫磬ػһ㣬̰ĺ
ͷͿ»ˮ£ֻ̽Դ
˫ɫ˫ͫ΢΢˶Ц⡣
ŭֲҷй
һǣֻоԼȫ˫֮С
½֣ŵˮµ˫ȶԽԷ
СһͷˮʪȫԺԳȸӾµĶͷ
һŽĶգȴ˵ľĻ
ϣ׼ã
¡

121

δ䣬ͱ˫ֱ۳סˮ³׹
ﻹӣ
°մˮһ˲䣬͵һһˮӿûˮף
ٴסͷһƣһЦ׹
ϾԼ챻ˣ³һݣ׳ŵӻȭȥСļ
κθˮþӳȭͷµ̫Ϸ
֪Ǳ˶ڹֶȻɿˣһʧȥƵĿ־жʱϯȫ
ݵĸǰϢǣһͷ𳤷ˮл·˵Ϻˡ
϶һ㱡ɫԡɴ°ؿڰڰڣһ˫޳ȫȻչڹǰ
ԱԼһ˫μ穵Сȡ
߷ߵĳסԡɴںԼȣ
ǰ˶ȻһߣԶȥ
һ⣬ץסƵóԷ㡣
С״ƲƲ죬һ鲻ԸĿ˻ŹԼĻ
Ѿ˲ֽ֣Ÿžŵ£мĳסԷצƵã˰Сϣ
ָ
̬ʹˣϰԸ⵱滻һѣ
Ƚ»ӦһѾ޷άֽ֣ʧеնȫʧˣ̱»
Ͼ³һݣȻ䣬ձһֻ˫ʱԷס
ۣΥϢԼĿУһɢ
һıȼ𣬹˫ֹס²̰ҪȡϢ
ͷһסȵı˿Ϸһ
ǵȣһ˫ȴŭ裬޺޶ĵɫһӡ
²ķŭ˫ۣһ̣ܿɹġ
Ҳֻһȫ˹ϵ塣
ȡˣ֣̿˳ԷԡɴҪнۣԼϰ
ԷȴþϢĲֻ̣Ծ˫Ĵ֮󣬻öͷһսֱۣ
ϸϢҲܿľٳŲסһʱ䣬һˮ
ƺǷǺˮǼ䣬ֱһǣ壬ٴһӿ㸡ˮ档
ȡȡϾƣֱȻһ̽һˮͱѹ˳
ȿȡѾûջһƾǰ˰ڲ
л־壬»Сһأʱֵᶼ˳ҧгݵૣ¡ҡҺˣ
֮ҲҪ
¼Ѿһڣ԰ȥ
ȽܽӴص׵˲䣬Ϸ·ػ
سرߣԾʹԾֻƾڲƵÿСС
һȥڻЩһܣŵ澣ʱĿ۵ĿԼ
Ƿ·ۼ֤һˮӵǡ
弤ҵĽеĶ
ĺҸ
ܱô谮һأֻܻһҲֵã
ᣬѵһڣߵŮſڣǷԼرԺðŪԼĶħ
ȻɤӸոǺ÷ƣû˵Сȿ˿ڣ°ɣźԡ
ǡ
ϾԼӡ
̴ǸOO@@ĽŲԶԡΨʣˡ
Եɤڶ߼ʵѯʣõô
ϣ
ܺþͼˣ
¡𣿡汯ߡ
Ϻ֮ɫһĽܹ̣ͣķΡ
ܹӳʱɣ
۾ĹĵбСҪʲôã
ûСֻĹĵ롰Σա
˫סرߣҪԼϰ
һԽ̧ͷעűָĳ̶ȣܹʳվɫ漴һ˿ϲ
׽סˮµĽһ̧֣˫һࡣ
һȣȱȷֿˮУֱֱ˽ϣ
£澪š
̧ۿһ˫ȡ
Ϻ޷˳˫ȹ⻬ļֱֱ»뽭һ
Ȼ䣬ɼһ顣
ˣ̫
һɼҵռϢضȻˮĳȱǿڣҪ֣
ʶһΣ˲侪ŵֵסؿڣҪѣȴԷ£ݺѹ
͵ϥǵڳصףҪȴʯ
ʹ˦һͷʪĳԷļ͹⻬ӿգκڻУֻ˫ϸ
£
š
ڳסͼֻ뱧㣬ϣš
ƭˣֲǸоˮĽڱȿܣһϵϢѾƵ屻͡
Ų˶ˡ
޼£ԽǽţķӦԽܿƣ޴Уϸͷһҧסµ磡
˺ҧԷȴϢֻǣԼֱۣɿˣɡ
ڼһϢȻק˹ϵ־æŵɿ˿
ǰڣһԵĵͷ顣
ǹĿһȦӡаѪ黺ελǵİ֮С
Ǳһñˮͷ£ϲɤͲġ¡
µı飬ĿɨǻƯ£һ糤ĵۣǧҹܵˣ˺۶δȫˡ
϶ʱİʹһʱûܵ˼ʧ֣ŲһȦӡ
͵ŵɫ
һʧɣ
Ѿ˻顪
ʼգֻнһˣѾĻҪ޵ߵ̡
Ϊĺδ϶ȶϣ治ůһʯһֱɾܾǱÿıǣܾȥԼķ
ҧ´δεĹڳˮ֮УбʹૣԲ𡭡Բ𡭡
ȻűӵסǰϢľŵ£˫ֽĲ
Լ̫˽δӲΣ
һ̣ķĴ
һֱһǿƵĶǿԼܾ塣
Ϊʲôôӣ
Ϊʲôһ
һסŵµô
ǿأ
ôһûж־ĵС󱲣
Ϊ˾Ͳȥⲻҭʳʲô
Ͻסŵ£
Ŀ΢΢תҪ͵ϵɫ
ɻ󣺱ΪʲôûȲǣǼԼ
ԾɶҼ֮УȻеԼҷ塭ĳװСסˡ
ֹסɿ֣ګګĵͷ
ͷ˲䣬ͱӭıס
һϻȭͷһ˫ۼᶨĿ˫һ
ͷһأ˱ȡ
ǰԨעĽҲ޿ɱܣֻܷܲ
ԭ鲢ǰŵǰǷ
Щ޴ļ¶վķ
£ΪԼĲŻԷʶҲΪ뱨Էʲô顣
ΪһƵģһеǺĻڰǰЦӱܶ޼¡
裬޿ɾҩ
һǳȲ󣬹˳ӵڽ»ɫ񾲵ıۣȴԷһơ
ŵ´ʱһּȵ˷Ī֮С
ڲ֪صĴҧԼһ֮ľλɵľޱ䣬ԾԶŵġֻ뱧㡱һ
ǣܸоõٿϢأΪһƷʾѼ
ڱȿʱʹö࣬ŵ᲻ѣˮһӣ۵ʹࡣ
Ϻ٣ŨҵռϢԼٿڣŵȴٳûһ
Ҫ

122

ܸӯ˱ɫˮ⡣
˾һӾиֻͬŵ¿ø
ƫƫԷ飬ϵͷŤ壬ε̣š
ԷʱȻǽ̼ܵĽ§뻳С
ղϣôңȴ·ѹķףͷһθо΢΢
ϡŵ¼ɤȶͷ࣬ԵĿڣСеľͷһοڣǲǻᡭѪ
̧ͷѹ΢΢µľӣɫԾγĿѩĺͯ
ﷺ˿ᣬ˼óƷʾ࣬ΪһȰɣ󿪡ûʶҲͦܡ
§סµĲʣô֪ģ
ҲǴͼƼġŵɫįԴ޳ָ̧ˮ棬ڹǰȻһڴԲȦ͵ͷһз֮ͼ϶ôһ̲īȾա
ϱСı鶺ˣڿڿЦЦ̧ͷһģҲ˵ͷһؿں죬˵ֻҪԷˣ˺ҲԴ򿪣һιûΣˡ
ʵԸҲ£ǰڹŹǻʱŴ󲡳
ʱڲѾήˣǰˡ
ûԹȱǵĸоǰԭҲνһֱԼû㽭ϵĿҲûܻϡ
ֱգźȻΪʲô꽭ϾƺʱԹԼԭԼûбԩ
еĲһǰһֱԼǷ˽̫࣬һжΪ
뱨Լʶ뱨ΣеĲ벻
һֱô𶼲ʼĵΡ
Ȼҵþŵºޱ̻ξΣ֮Уǰߵĵλʣȴ֮
ԭԼһģ֪ʱѾȫ˾ŵ¡
ˣúޱ
ʹһֱӱܿܣıܶزס۽ܶԷεĳңá֮
Ϊĸ̫ʵʵ֪ԼԶȾŵҪ࣬ԴÿǷ
ԼȻΪ˱ϣʹƵһýҵⰮˣǲ񼫣Ϊ˱ԼĶˣҲԼ
˼ƿɢ֮ʱûˮ¼ڵ壬Ȼĳ˵ָᳯһ
ϱܵȼס²ձܵҪֿͿŵ¿Ͱ͵ĵͷ
𣿡ŵõСૣ»رСĵġ
֪Сʵڱﲻסˣѹ壬˵ǾõһΡɺȻո̸ٿڳѪ⡣
ʱһСȻѾͿˣ״ͷһνϣϲ˺˸ܡ
⻹ڳҲ֪ѪһʱƮ죬Ҫʷˡ
顤Ѫʲôġ
£ͻԺգƣ϶ˣ
ΪӱܣŵµС̾͹ˣˣ
˼ǻԺȴСĹĵĴˮᱧˮһԵ̨ϰ
תŮǰźӲӡ
ϲԺ
һͻعϣŵ¾ͶȥԺ侲ȥˡ
ɻִǰܾ̫ΣؽСˡ
˵ڣǼһת۾ʹӳţ
ٿڲȺٿںÿƣԷĹϼֱҧűڴܵշתࡣ
˰һĺգ趼ˡ
ڶսʱС̫ͣպľΧһԣص
˳һϢʹҴСԺš
ԭҲûôģĳʱԴᣬڹӼʱŵ²
ϸϸһ룬˷ȻΪ

ĪǹĻʾ
ǻ˵ãû׼ǰôϵģ
վ˼ȫûнºʶĴš
Ļŵǰվ˳ǸͬƷľ
ԭͻɣֻǶԼϢղܣ˸ƷͬľǱԸ˵ʹϻȡ
ǲ
ܵؿû£ôȥ
ôôų뷨
һ˦Դȭͷ־ķԸȥŷϣ»Ժأ
˳ǡ
ϴŸȥ־ŵ»ġ
Ժ̴Ӽڵ߽Ժ֪ŵƼˣҲʡȥֱͨ鷿
ţ澣Զԣڽ²ĿУһö࣬ݵ¿ڱߣ£졣
±ǿι࣬˾ͼĿᶨĿԼ
Ϲ£Ͷòã
òõÿķ棬עġǷ桱
¶ʹԴֱӣǿ𻰣ɰɡ
תŵ»УһпԺܶãֻҪӦһ¶
ȻͶͱŵЩ졣
ǲһղľĵ汻ˣ
ŵ΢΢һ৵ְγľ
ʲô£
һ˿ڣҳ죬Ȱһϯ˼ұƶʣҪߵһ
ҵʱӦˣҲţֻҪƶԵµĸ飬Ըһ˹Ҳ¡
δ˵꣬¾;˫һɢ̬ȣֱֱסϣɤŭ𣺡ƣôƣ
֪ŵ´˶ߡ֮ǰƾȫǽڡ
òЩˣԾӳîƿ˵ףգͼȻйǾһжȥˣΪЩ¸ûơ
ϵͷԣһ뵽Ｇ檳ɶѵġܵҪƶˣ
ȻסҼ˵ȥΪŵѾüġ
Ȼû
һ˲ȵס
ޱĵͷ˶٣ô£
ֻоͷһͰˮӲվȴŵ°ػ
üĿڣ˵治Ļڣҽһϻ˵ܳɣɸ׳ꡣ
ŵ̧ѣʺðȹ̣޲ͬڹ׽֩λӳƷЩ¶޿ɱܡ
㲻ɻ飬˵Ը׷ĻôţǶ˵Щڹϸʹʲá
˫ۣв죬СȻ濼ǹ¡
ܳʱǽСԸ
뵽йǡһҪȢǸ׹𣿡
ɻ˵
ĵͷ
ôܣԸʾ
ϣҪأվҪһˡ
³ǣЦ˹ϵۡ
ȶŹֻ
΢΢죬תߥ޵ǣ¾ʹһμԡ


123

һľAҪʱʮգɹΧǧֺΧԷΧ
ǲͷ¹ߵıʿУģ¹ż֮¹˵Ѱż֮ż¹ԼҰ¹Ҳ֮ۼ
ǧľʮΧ֮ڣҰܼӵ䡣
֮ɻʾ䣬䣬ģʽĻ
ͳԣŵ³С
Ӫɽ֮£ʾӪʱȺ
ʿض飬Ϧбգ߳ӭӡ
Ӫػʱŷ̫൱ҰζŽʿǾŹڻΧȻ裬Цɽ
Ļ䶼ãһȴйЩǡ
ȶ壬ػԣȻͬǰЪӪȺصŵ֡
ⷭ䵹񣬰ǰЩõһװҳʹһأû뵽ó
ѩɫţƤӵԷһ˶ʱ˼Ӣ֮
ϲķ٣ɸ٣Ͻ˿ڣһֲʧ
Ƕ޲ȴ
·ȴǰˡǷһЩ
Ժ·ȥȫװǹ
ǳƷʾĹѹûһʯµģ
Ըع϶׸Ҳ
ɽƣȥԼǶСС飬װһֻ
ϿĻˣ˵ʮָ˶ϸ乭ͭһɽ׼׼۶ȥȹÿơ
ҲĹ㣡
ǣûСܹȡڲ輸ϣһ߳ͭ䣬򿪸ǣʱǰһ
ͷʮֱ£ȲߣɶƽͭƳɣڲʮϸͭ·ӲӵĹ
ţţȫʱĿȣ
侫ϸĹϾ̾ѣĦСĽСͭ
ⶫó
ϼѵİŵֽ̧ӹϴ
úֱ۶̧ó
輸ԣֱ۸ϡ
ź󣬵ʹȥԣһŪô죿žͼֵƣ˳ǻʼ촦Ƶ˿ɵòʧ
ϸϵĴۣԱ㵭˾ͻˣôţµԼ
ŵָϷԹϵƣǰõʱͷŲİȫʱֵöƽǧš
۾ϸ׺ȥУȥݶӡ
׼ǺȼֱĻŭţ
ֲ֧ʾŵ£ôõҪʲô
ŵб˫͵̾ʮڣװжʸĹ̷ֻڽ
սõĶս󣬾սŵ֣ĳ߶೤ⶫԲһ幥ͬ࣬ʺȽϡ
ԭ鲻ֱϵ
Ȼ̶̣㹻ˣֱΪģ
ƵԸԺصͷȥ
ڶîʱ΢𣬹˴룬Ӵ·ı󣬱ŵµĳȥ˳ſڣ빬еĳϡ
ֱδʱĩ̲ŸϵΧ˳ȥӪǰϡ
Ƽӭ治ԶվŽ˴Ķ飬̽ͷϸơ
ԼһȺ֮иһϮװĹִݵϡ
ϰһͷȥŵɫȴû뵽żλʾպײһ˫㲵ķĿ
ǽϡ
ͷʱһϻæͷϸһ㺹
Ի˻̹Ȼ̧ͷӭ˫ĿŶ΢΢⡣
ϸ֮£иǻȻ
ϱǰһȦһ˫ԭɵķĿ˿ȴ˲ɣһ㵭֮ɫɫ԰ףǱܷ˪ģ
ûסһμ
һŶ˵ѾȻˣһаȻӣ
üĽʱŵ±Ŀ⣬ƫͷһۡ
ϵĿƺԼϣĲͷһƣȻ֣ͷ
΢΢˺һ׼ȷĵڶĿཻе㣬ͷ彭ɤӣʾ⡰ء
æջĿ⡣
ӵǡڴʱһз˵һЩʿﳯĳ滰֮󣬾еĹУ˴Եķ顢ԼʤĽ
ȻҪͬһ𣬲Ϻȡ
ΪAУŵҲȥʿʤ£ӲĿȡʤֻעĿڸС
̲䣬ȳѨرϲá
ϴǰС̫裬ȴԼķǸʵڵˡ
ôô˳ۡ
ȶ̫౨꽱ͣͷ߻ӾͶֹȶһֱء
һŤͷһֱң˭㡮ǡ
С߻ӷ˸ۣǶһ˰ɡ
һԽǳͫͷСƢɵûȶϻŹôɩǸӣһԲ㡣
æһ֣ʾŻñڡ
ɤԸŮţȶС䣬ʮڻ£
ڽ쾪ޡ
ͷŵ³ֻСʮ磬ڻ£
߻ӽסͷЦӷ˸ۡ
꣺ڶ˫ǹ˫ŽڱޡѪӡ
ŵֲ֧״ӣϷʵѪأʮֱȡ׼
ۡ߻Ӷżӡ
Ҳֵûӣ޿κεҡҡͷ
ȶԸЩ֪ģڻ÷̣ûʲôɵĵġ
ˡһԴ䵭ɤͷҪѡˡ
䣬һȺʾͦͦ
ӣû뷨ģȫЦ⣬һĿ档
ֻһϮµǰӭĻʾС
ʱ̧ͷͦأ޲õŵ¸ǰ
ϧͷ㣬ڲסС񡱵С
ףһԼʾס侲һ㡣
ȶɿ㷭ǣⲽǰֱֱ˴
ϵļֱñӻأϸŰȶĽǶȣе߻ӣҲеŽ¡
߹Ǽһŵĺ顣
գȶ߻ǰŵЩתһԼ߻ʵܡ
ڰȶûͣǣȻڼʾǰת
ĽŲȻͣڽǰǣһ˫èƵɫӣƤĴϣСǶŮɣ
ϷĿ΢̧ޱӭĿ⣬ȶ֣ԭľƫƫǹ⡭
˵⻰ʱȶָȥƽ£ս˿Ρ
ȴΪڶԽϵ飬ʱˣ
ȶһֱͷЩʧ߹ȥֱֱԾŵ£ڵΪʲôң
˫ɫӶȻ̧𣬶ӵǣȶٴαܵļ£ջɢ˸⣡

124

һ񣬹Ͼ֪ˣ͵ȥС
ˣСǡܷĿ⣬ҲûﲨôͺȻԳˣ
⹫öǷᰡ
ʶߣߣӣ¶һСµ
ȶĪֿʼб˼Щ߰ԭء
һңҲ죬Ǿǰˣÿˣ
ԽԽ˳ۣԽԽ̡
ӷղԣ漴УⲽȶԣҵľŻá
֪ȶ̧°ͣĵĳƷʾǰɣֲͷһμ档
һ㶣ΪŻ˽½ʶȶ۾б򽭳£һѾķŭɫ
ϵȣΪǹĻ
Сʵûעȶ֮Ҳݷãô˽½ʶأ
¶ŵ´ѣΪûСӡǸҡ
ϣܻ¹ΣСһ˵һһļҾˣ˵˳߹ϣҪˣ
һģɫԳһ˿Ȼ
İȶ죬ɬѹɤô˵ѽϻزǻͦģ
´ɫɻɩûЩʲô˵
ιȶһüҳƺˣ˭ɩ
һøãһЦĶ԰ȶ嵽汾·֣·ɽ·ƽ̹Ұζ෱࣬ѶȽϵ͡
ôԳ۽˵ı£ȶǿ򽭳£·ɽģ
£·
ȶҲϱ·
²ͷӣ
ӣֵߺߣԱ·ɽ
תͷȶ롪
ȶףУ˭׼ǻģ
һ·߱Լİ
Уȶü򽭳£ҾҪһ𣡡
翴˼˿ѾĥӦԵİ취͵仰أ
ȶ䣬Ͼǰһŵ²룬Űȶǣ˴ԣҪһ֣ͬԹ˵ĹҲˣÿһƷ£аʣֻƲˡ
ȶһ˫èƵӣգ۾ӹϣŷ֣շľĹ
Ͻջװһʱûϳ
һƷ
ȶ´ϣû뵽˾ȻƷԼͬ
Щջ𣬴ǰһֱΪʾռжλ쾭¶
ɴʱ˿̣һ𽭳տŮ˵񣬰ȶ;úܲζ
һ޷ͬκ˷ĶռѾǰܵеѵմһ޶ľ
ȶһִԼĳ֮ϣ°͵ǹֻǴĵľǽ˾սʿֻսò˷ı
סϺõķǷı£ȻǴĵľAǡ
δ˵꣬һ̴Ӿͼȶ󣬴ߴٵʥϿͣ빫񡣡
̧ͷȥǱߵӵȻѾȼˣһǸ϶ĺ»
ʵðȶѡ飬϶Ҫǰվ;õģĶпڼĥĥߴߴԾĵ
ȶŷԼСĵʱ䣬㲻ϽƱ磬Ťͷŵͬ飡
ӵüͷ΢ɤӣλ߹ҲŹ֣϶ˣˣ⳪ĳ
ɫѿӵ̾˿Ǹӣˣǡ
ԶԶƼӵ΢һͷ϶ʱһ飬ȶĶ顣
ͷʱĬһƬӺ;ŻŮɫÿΨȶһóƵó彭üë
ϣ˱ԻصӪʡ
ϱһӻţһ·ǶһߣȻȥ乭Цѯʲʹա
ϱϢߵǰʾˡ
ܸܲŽɣ
û뵽ܣ
۳ŰȶĽӪʣĴϰڵĳŹȡУһ
Ĵ޹ٲڣҲø档
ֻܳЦǰƵĿڣһ͵ɽЩӪϢա
ȶһŤͷɫ۾һʵ乭أ
ǣ̹ȻҲṭû
ȶѵؼӣŹת˰ȦҾ֪С壬𣿲ṭָʲôԱ߶ŵ´𣿡
һǿԼóԴһܺӵĿ֮ģ̧֣ÿڣ¶ֱϻƲӲӵľ󣺡ҿԡ
ȶ˫۶Ȼֱ㶵ĶŹϵֱۺһȻе󣡡
һʶǲ١
ϵ󱻰ȶһץסϸĦϻĸ£˵ûƷԭѾˣ
ϳֱۣ˿һǵ֮õ
˵ǽ͵ģȶʱɫһһмװжݣԣһУװˣܸȽϣ
ϸҪŵѾ߹׽ס֣ƿ䡪
ϺͰȶͬʱͷȥͼŵһõĿŹϵ
˶ʱһƷн˱η͡
ʲôһŻɽŵ°ǿϵĴۣһ˫ɫʱðɣ㿴պˣ
ϴԸڲĺۣ
ȶڲᣬʱǺӵһ۹ϣʲôģҲ
²ɨȶôAҪȥԣ㵱µģ
ȶʱҭƿԡ
ĿֱͷؾССô
ϵ󱻾ŵԲж̴ӽջڡ
ȶѵ˵ӣڵԣ۰ͰͿžŵ¡
ȹϿڣŵҲʧȥģһƫͷüŰȶϸŹʲô˭Ӫʵģȥ
ȶ죺ΪʲôҽһָϣܽҾͲܽΪʲôҲǸһģ
²ٶԣ̴Ӱ˴ȥ
κζԷǸ̴ǲԹɫλδΪҵеĿ죬ûܰ˺ߡ
ŵ»ӣȣǰ̴ӣһȶӣ˰ȥ
ſңȶˣҲߣƾʲôҴţҲأ
ɱһ·˻Ǳȥ⡣
ȶƵһѳסǰ󣬾ţƾʲôҲܽ
ͬǧǧǧǧİԵŵµѾ׺Ĺˡ
һסȶ۵һ죬ɿ֡
ȶŵ̧ͷŶԷȻһϣ
ʱ䣬һ˫ɫڱǰĿ˫ۡ
Ҫʲôȶһţǰ˫һ΢΢ǹƵĻȣǣƵɤһһ𣺡ΪǹµӪֻйµľܽٸҷǣ¾͵Լţˡ
ȶĿһϣŽЦա
Է˿תⲽӪʱ˫ǳͫԾǶֱֱƺڿҪ
ȶڻع񣬾ڽƿӵɲǣȻϲſֱֱ֣˹ȥ
ұԼģ

125

ϱͶߣעͷĶһǾ䡰ұԼġʱһ
ӡԳսһ˲ͼСȶ⣬ֱֱ˽Ӫڣ
ϣ
ȶ˫۽§Ž²ЦһģҲŲʲôɩͲ¸Ըñӣ
ŵ°ſڣŹԸϵȻľٶһᡣ
ڵ̴Ǿͬľ񡪡
ǰλľֹίʵ̫
ĵľ󣬸˵Ϊ˶һֹɺͳ
ܼ󣬰ȶǵûзȻŵ»ޣͷȥϷǽ˴۽硣
Ƭ̣ϺȻ˵֣ȴˣ֡
ȶ޻Ӧ
ǣ̴Ǿۿƽ浾Ȼݵ鲽̧һŤסȶھŵ²˫֣һŤ
ȶʹ֣澪ŭ̧ͷͼϻⲽƻ࣬ޱӡ
ʲôȶüĿ
ûЦ⣬𻰵Ͼԭؽ磬עԼֹڡ
ңôСڣҲûдֹеľǿ˵ķ׵Ĺأ빫ء
ȶʱǺ°Ͳʲô˵ķĳ׵Ĺŵ¾еķ
һԾŵµһ𾪵ѯʣûëɣȥҽƣôǲȰ
ϱ⹫ƤһɿСһƵɫҲ԰
ֻǴĵķǾŵ¼ʵҲǿָ顣
ϵƾһ֮ԼСס
ǰȶĶ֣˾ҲûټʤĹء
۵λѾ˲⣬ҲȨ谭ʾ檡
ԣ¾ֻܿŵԸĶˡ
ȶԷҽݡͷһ뽭ʶĳͻ죬˿ֻ̾ۡ
ɵЦҧ´﷭һľӣݵ̧ŵǰ㿴ҵģһֱϣ
Ⱦŵ»ӦѾ˰ȶǸľӵͲʣʱ䣬Сˡһ죡
ȶϲ̵ľǸľӣϸϸԼķ֮УЦ̧ͷʽ£ÿ𣿡
ľ
ǰһѣ
ôͽ²Լϵľһ
ǽģ١
˵ûעΪʲôҪƭҡ
·Լ˲Ц
֪ǰεķȻԾִԲ̶
ǡȥǰһתѪҺ˲˱ȭͷȻĴǸҳȥ
ʵס˰ȶҲͬʱ˾ŵ¡
ûôɤź
Ȼʧأȶ¶ͱͷֵôҶûֺһŵҵķȻ˹Ͼͻָ飬㻹ŵʱ
ȶһ˳̬ȣתͷԽ»֣ȻӪ׼ȥˣһȥ·Ķ㣡
ŵбһۣ
һߣӪָϵͷ˫ۣԾƲסʹ÷
һ˫ֺȻϼ򣬶ߴɻɤôô
Ȼ˼ԷĴ
ǰԼ˹ȥȴվúڣֻίίૣҡ
ŵ΢˫е̴ӡ
¶ˣת£ͷۿ
ųȼɤԲãƢԽԽˣûôžûȢ
϶ʱðɣתͷΪʲôȢ˼ҷˣҲûҪҴŵģ
ôƭ˼ôǿͺ۸ˣ
ŵ΢΢һȻǣЦһԣ̧ʳָһıǼ⣬С̳ӣӶǹ¸ġ
϶ʱԸ˰˵Ĵ̳ӣ
ֱ޿ɾҩֻزȥǰ̩Ȼ߷
ֻŲ̧ͷ˭̳ˣǵƭȣ׼˼ɣ
ƫԴƭʲôˣ
һ»˵ʶ˼ͷˣ˵ʶ
תԣһ˫ȣĵĽͣʵʱ򣬹ȷʵû
ϼСҪסԼĲðŤȥͷ㿪
ʧصĽ£ң
ŵһüͼŵһ£סͷ
ӿЩŭ̾ɢˣ뱿ִܾϥϣ޿κεǹµݵذݸĸƶȹˣƾʲôù
һôţһţ̿ӱ޻عĸ״
ԣϻ˫⧲Цʹֱڵ뷢Ц
Żĵı׳һӳɢˡ
СһЦͳûŲԡ
ĻǱ
ǻޱһͲֿüûԭ򣬴ŻɢȥԹ޿ʣΪʲôʱ͵ģ
Ҫͣ½µĵѾһˣҲûԾȣֻҪ˵İο
¸ͷϣĵĽǰЩʱ밢ȶżľһһ˵
ŵ´ûԼһǨ͡
϶˵ʼҵľƶʼʧ£֣ͲϹء
ɲ֪Ϊʲô㼤ҵķӦȵȻǣµġ
ʵĺͳֻʮһλǶǳ羴η塣
ûĸɣΪԴףڸǰԺΪ
ʹǻʺҲֻΪԼʵһЩĶּûйûʵմȾİҪ
ȴ˽¶Ծеļȶ
ôСµһƽ񾲣С΢·ƽŸȡ
ƺʲô¶󣬲¶ͣȴΪһֶ֮Ъ˹޲ʯ٣
Ǹ˼ޱصĴŮӡ
ϾСĽͣ齥
ȷʵһᣬԥѡš
ŵУȻŶڿͼΪСС׽Ūġǰĥȶֱ̣׾١
ŵ±һʹԵߵ͡
亦
ԣԿ϶ȶͼǵ˾ŵ¡
ôһ¾ϸѡĻһ̵֪֮Ӻε֪˽µʵݡ
޴һʱ뿺ܵĳԣҲ֡
ϸһĥﾹȻЩͬȶΪ֪鲻Խĸо
̺ԹôЩľʲôֲÿ
򲻾û¶
ΪͷϾϲŵͬһ
ûӿɷŵʮ־ɥֻܸ̺ű˯һҹ
ڶîʱ̾Ϊܳ˲ɽϱŵͬһƥ
ǻ㲽Ҳ͸ԴǰһˡһֻƻþŵȥԸ׷
ǰͷɽ£ͼԶİȶĳľŵ£ôѽ
һѹӱܿľûƼǰͷ·ڣƥ尰εİϣϤӰ
ϣ
һϺͽµк̴ӰںСķǰӭӡ
ϲ֪ҲԱ·֣һʱԵþȡ
󽭳֮ǣǰᡣ
ϵ˰
òԵʮּʩ֮󣬹ϱѯʰ˹Ρ
Ŀ΢Ƭ̧̺ͷΨΨŵŵ˽һۣįĿڣ³㲻ó橶𡭡
ȻԹŵµս룬æǰԲǶA
ԶĬǰĿ뽭¶һ˲ϣﰲɽգͷԼ˶Ӧˡ


126

յůƫͷԱɽ·ϣâбգ·λʾ۽üȾϸ΢սһ
ƣæǰһ΢΢˾룬ͻ
ŵɫת䣬ֻصӦǶͷϻδƽöЩ˼
ϷĿ΢תԾŻõʮֹעŴԣ裬࣬ɽֱ·ϡ
ڶǰУȿڣǰѾõƣδƽ֮˵
ŵƫͷ˽һۣ㲣Լ֮ɫв˿ƿϵĻͷ
ʤ߶԰ߵ̬ȣͬ黹ѹȣģ̸ܶ
ת˵֮֡
ܿأ֮ǳ͢ĲǷܳͨУص궼ûеΣ㲻ϸһصıĿʵع𹴽ᡢ̰ī鱨
ԷĿ΢򽭳¡
вɣѲɽ˽²˽Щ꽭˵Ŀɣ
˵𹴽ᡱĪǰָԼ뽭Ϲ֮ǣ
ϰȭͷǰ˫δ˵ĵɫӣԾʱ峺޲˵Ļȴ絶
δµëͷСӣʲôʸòָֻţ
ΪƷƣڲϧڣᳯ͢Աؾ޼֣
ƫĲ֮£ԹŲֵءޱȨһлýԼһȥ
һΪ˲ôúɽݰ֣֮ȥպ֮ࡣ
˼˴ϺͻɫȻ˵ûǸϸ죬Ҵ˷ȥ֮󡭡
Ѳ˰ɣ΢΢üȻǿ˽ϵ֮⣬Է߿֚LѮ֮ٲλڱ壬ϵʱ㻹ǳˮʦӹսȥա
ϾˮսԹƽ֮ߣܾν겶£ɳ£ֳɣһսĲ״
һϵ³üͳΣѾ˼ң˵ԵЩӿڳǣۼˡ
ŵһǲΣȨҾ䣬ҲòܵǹµġˡӦ¡
֮½֪ƿʿ˶ڴˣˮظˣǿǶҡ֮
ŴԣĿŭѹɤŽƹ֮ߣҴĪ
һߣµ壬ʢҲݺ˻Ȼ
һ˫һѵ˰ٵĿŽϣɫΪ̰Ž۹֮ǹ࣬ġ
ʳģǻȥ
㣬һʡ֮˰ռȫ߳ɣһЩ͢ǵϰջȥˣӵɽ˭˭ں˭ԸӵһʧģҸֻԼͼطȥô
ϲмҡͷЦЦŰС֮ڡֻ֣ܴ֮ϼȡǵƬιۣЩ۱ϵΣӲס
󰡣㻹ǵöЩʶ̸ֽ죡
⻰˵ľˡ
ȷʵС֮УĿʶ̴ӻƣ˼άڳˣĿʵǳ
ҪӲ˵̸ֽŵҲȷʵ޿ɷ̫ƽʢͷһ梣ֲʵĻᰡ
ǹ˽û
ŵˣ۰ͰͳŽϣƲƲ졭
϶ʱЩǰƯСֺͶʱƵŤ·һ˲صʮǰ
ܲôˣѵ˰ɣ
ϽҲ
Ȼ˵ҲеԻΪ䣬ʱʱ󡣡εļͰЦݡ
Ͷ࣬ŵһͲˡ
һᡣ
һֱںͷ˵ľٶֻн˵СĬʱϾ֪ˣ
ǰһˣͳ׼õֽЦĵݸС
ŵбɨһ۹и㣬ƺ뵽˱⣬ɫаа
ͷƵöԹſ죬Ҫιʳ
϶ʱˣ˲оһමȻȭͷյÿ
ǿѹ߿ͷ
ѾСӵˣ˼ҷιʳҲֻš
ֻΪԩƽصԼߡ
ʵȥͷŵİȶûž׷ǰȥ
λʾͬʱĻعͷʹڹİȶ
ǡı㡱Ľȳϵĸ첲ܿ˰ȶġ
۳žŵ±ȶռȥʶҪѽϣԷڶСȥɣȶҪǼ޽Ҳȥ㲻ٸ
һ⣬عͷײ˫˼ķĿ
ī˫ͫӳӰǾñطĵȴַ·ǧɽˮľ롣
¡εĵͷûʲôϣҲܷ¡
ϵͷ㲻ҵġ
ۿҪ·ڣϲһۡ
ԾרעĶŽµıӰ΢һ˼ԹϵѾ²֮£ڹУ𳭾ϾʱͶȥ̽
ϵ˵ͷ
ɨһۣԥƬ̣ǵҲϰš
΢΢һɫΪѡ
뽭֮»֮£ֻʣһˣϽһֱڼŵ빬ڵĽӴ
̸һͬ̽˹ˣϽ
ȻҲ̽橣̶һʱ漰ŵһƽ٣ܲ
˿̽Կڣʵ˵αԥƬ̣ǼѵĵͷӦˡ
һͷȶţƤƵùڽ²ϡ
ڵһٴ˦ȶ֮󣬾ŵҪϻ
ǰߵԣڴףϣҪϾʱ빬̽Լ
Դ˷ͷԡ
ͷһβԣһӾæװ󣬾ֱۣĻܡ
ѾʿϽ˷ԲʮڵΧʮܼܿ˶ҰڲݴԼɴܣźеӡ
Ǿôƭ˹ʸ
ɰѰȶЦˣһ巢ȫա
һ̣ëڴбܣ׼ˣʱݵһʸ
Ұþͷ·ƾʧһ㣬ýݵˣ
һֿС
תۼ䣬ȶϾ͹ֻҰãһĳüɪ
ŵʹɫʾСϽҲԸϹҼֻҲҪ˼Լ棡
ȶ³ٳûаιΪԭ˶䣬ĲԼеҰãŵߣֵӣգ۾ʵҲЩȥɣ䣡
ŵĬȻáĴȥɨ˰ȶһۣܾʩᡣ
ȶΪƷʾǡڽܡ㲻ǿתʮĽ̵ŵչ
ֱϦ䣬ŵҲûιͽҰͷ
һͬɫԽϡ
С֮󣬻˳ڹ϶ѯʣԴƤպѬ
棬Сش𣺡ǴƤƬɣͰѽ϶ˣ
ǰϵСԴƤһУʮζƵպ
ΪѾġ򳪸桱ˣСϬһͨ
һ԰ȶⲻ˼ȡ˸ˣùϸʴƷʾĶ־ˣ޽Ƚ£
ϦӪأȶŶ˵̫࣬ԼеԳɹҪ̫ѡһδСս¼֮С
϶ʱðɵǰۡ
ӪһͷӵȺ»̴ӣУһװ̴Ҳڣ£ǼլѾˣһҹδ飬Ӧһͬ˵ˡ
֮Уһ˫ɫ΢΢𣺡Ҫݾߣȴȶ֡

127

ӪһشȼȾһƬڵĻƲ㻺׵񱻸һɴĸơ
ӪΧҰζĻ죬ʿŻѶԾ£衣
ͻԸӪʣŰſڡ
˿ţһĹ򣬴Ӿʹһͷ˳ȥ
ûд̴ӣһֻѣֻ˳ΧܵѸ
Ȼ˶ϾǽĻʾѪҲǸߵȾܼΧӪΧ̽׾ٵ˦
ʱ㵽Ŀĵأںõʯٲ˽ȥͳͲѻӴ
ͷĵģֱӵԶŴɵĽŲ
ˣ
ӿ첽ӭȥŻѣﱸõĵյһһһϮɫȹĹ欱ǰ
ڼªʯϣ̾οҪΧɽҰģֲ˰أһ޶Ͽôã
欰УΧԷΧ֮⣬ôЩʼĻҰӳΧԷΧ
ĺ󱳣Ƭ̣ȰǱǹϸǰˣһʱ֮֮ǣȵʱˣԻֻع
ҡҡͷºοΪǼ澣˺òֻ֣Ҫūҳ䵥ʱٶ¶ŵǰʧǣͬϻոһ
֮գ֮ʱ
ɫԵǣŶŮ˻ͦģǼ˻Ƕġ
ЦһģϻոУųҲû׷ֺмģǷʥɻˡ
»Ʒʾ٣£Ǽ澶Ҳеģúݣһ顣
**
ϼŵһգҰζԵƲ֣Ӫ󣬱̲סѯСȴ̸ܶ
չʮľ飬ŵ̬ȣһ㶼ʲô¶
ʱ治ʺϸʣþŵԸ
ƣҲ֪ĸ۵ļһ˼ǳۣ˳ǻСǻһˡ
ŵѾ죬Ѵ˽¶ͱͷͳ׷ˡ
͵ڰｭγĶ֣ͳһ˽ڳе
ϽЩΪ£Ĺ佫ֶˡ
ʵҲǺ֪飬˵һֱһֻ۱һֻۣȴҲ佭ϣ׽ӣǿά˳еɵ΢ƽ⡣
ƽ⣬Ծŵ°ٺһ
ϸڴӽ˽ع欵լӲֻ֮Ҫ欰ؼٽӽϣŵҲӷͻ
һأ款ȻսľΧȻǴ̴档
˵رϾɽҰּ䣬ӵ˽լɭϣɱ欿õˮ©
ŵĽֻϧһȺҷһնûѰٳ欵Ĳ֮
һ©Ӷ欻ͻسǡ
±סܵͬʱƲϵ
һ죬ŵ³Բԭ
ҹֻһյ΢⡣
ϼСڵİԼæƾܵ£ͷȫ˵Aڼ䲻зġ
֮Уϵһҵҷ壬һ·ǰ͸ŵɫ΢ãһӲ΢΢ૣҪһݴô𣿡
϶ʱĻŭţʲôεСٴˣ
һܣռŵӪʣĶʱ˰ء
ԡظʰСѡض
ʲôѽô˵ܽоŵ¿ĵĵȵظٿ
̧ԴܵĽëǳͫͶŨŨİӰüص¿ɱٲξš
һΣԳգиʱŵɫףԴ£ⶼˣ¶գ
**
ڶһ磬߻ӸɽţһɽΧһŮʬҰϮδ
ԣʱɫˢףתͷޱ㳯ɽ۶ȥ
߻ӼæȴֻӴҴҷԸغת۱ʧ·ھͷ
߻ɶĺͷԣתͷһһ׷ȥ»ᾪʥݣֻԭص
Ӹոɽڣǡɾͼ´ȼ£Ƴͷ
æǰ׷ʣţʲôˣ𣿡
ŵ˯죬˸ǷګګҲˣҲǸϢ
Χ޵ɽڷѪ˳ѵһŮʬ˵磬ǳдС㣬ˣɽĴС㣿
ʲôݣɽϡ
Ӷʱ׺䶥˶峯˼
ŵæס첲ƫͷɻ磿ôˣ
ʧǵİڰ֣ƵתͷҪɽǿ򶨵૵һȥơ
磬𼱣ŵִסɫҲɽ֣һ͵ˣǵһա
˫Ŀ
һᵽϣָѡ
ǹ欣һϳʬףȻץס۾ϰѱǵŷ棬ϱ֮ǿ¾ͲĽôɵˡ
УУӼǳ鴤һסµ֣ǡǱʬȴܾʣ
ǸϮƽ񣬸ʲήġ
ɣӶȻһŸ첲סµ֣ţĻ¶ܴʹҪȥʬ壡
˵ߣȴ·ס
ӻعͷͼ˫ǳͫѾû˯⣬Ŀ
磿㾿ô£
нƣĽϻʱϵֻ͵ͷ˵
ǰת䣬ǰվ·ϣӸ¿Ͼδ䣿
һ˺󼸲ۿ̫Ѿ쵽˱·ԵʱǰŸŪȥľŻãʱ伱ú䤱
ֻ֮Уһ£նС·ͬСɣŮʬ»Σܵ飡
ţ署ʵڻȢ϶еľѷ󲻻㵹һң
һ糹ʧƣ˭ܻȫǴϹͷŽҹȥ
¶ŵɫæʵŮʬйأ
ԥ˵¶Ȼ磬ô£ͷ㻹λǱΣ
ɿڣȻŽ²֮˽𣬾ֵʯ٣漴˵˹欲ɽеܣ
ŵԵʮ𾪣ҴԹ䣬Ѹٶ¶Բߣ磬ҲۣϽԼĶ飬ճԣͬƲϵҪ㻳ɣʬù
û뵽Żûϣһʱٸн̾
˫ס˫磬°̧۶סţڲǶ˵ʱøϽȥ
תͷ˿ɽ֣ͷһ˫ɫ˫ͫϿҵļʴӣͿˣ磬ܿЩҵɽ
鼱У룬æ·ȫг
õ欲ص֮󣬽ɫϾĳɽɨһۣϻûϵסӼֱֱߣȥ𣬾˵ǹ´澣ô
֣صĵ˵ͷĽ¼򣺡ˣ
ġ
Ӳֻ룬ŵ±ֱ֣ܶ¡
˷׾թ˹欵Ĳ֮ŵö˼ǰȥ£欿ӱȦ
Ը󣬾ŵ±㷵Ӫأӹһɽ
Ͼ˯һ̲ŵһҲ⣬ɡ
һ糣
**
׹֮ʱӪһش
ȶ¶ǣҡҡλεѬھʿ裬Χ̾
˷֮ʣȻȥ¾ƣȴΧĴ
澸̫ܺȾơ
ȶȴţһ첲ӿˣֵ澲õǡǲǾþŵ¡ң
²ϵľܾðȶ˿̶Ȼһ룬Ʋί㡭ǱСҡ
ȶ
û˵꣬ȻǸԼǣƵɤ
ȶʱ߳ɣȻͷͼ˶ӰҫһΡ
ŵ£ȶԲһ˫èƵɫ˫ۣʳָָԼıǼ⣺㡭ң
ޱ飬һƫԴ

128

ȶϲɨһΧ̴ӣɪһЦ̧޷ɤӣЦĸϾŵ¡
սӪʼ˵Ĺһϻվ
ȶͣĿֱŻ᲻Ը輼˾ŵµע⣬ǰ˱תֱֱ泯
ȶ󷽷һ̧ͷһЦ˵ЩʲôΪʲôŴҵأҾȫ¶˵
ŵȴûлӦԾޱ顣
ᣵĹֻе¹ܹ
˫һɫ»ԣס
ڰȶû֮ʣȻ̧
Ǽ䣬ȶס
ޱŨѸٷ̣ӲĿֻ޳ֽӽ
ָ⼸ԼգȴֻһԾֱֱķϡ
⧲ȶֻоУһȻ˳ȥ
ع񣬽ѾջֱۣͷȥָȻŰȶڷеľӣ
ȶ˫̧ۣ֪סԼķ١
æǰһҪԼıǾŵ͸ġ
ɸһ֣Էݵһ̧첲ܿˡ
ۿȶһŷڰգĴָ˳ľһһһӱ㱻۶ˣ
ʲôȶͫĿʹȥӡ
ŵûٶ˳ӵĽѾ۶ϵľ
ûһ˿¶ȵɤ¹⣬԰ȶأ
ȶûԼ۳ӣʹҧгݵ̧ͷôɤȴ˲䱻ס
ǰžɫգͬħ𴽽ǣЦˣȶ벻ȫ¿Ź¶˵
ȶ̧첲ݺݲᣬѹɤӾǿ룡㵱ȫ˵棬Ұ
Цһߴٵˣأó
ȶһڣ侲ɤӲĻص͸ҵģҵˣƾʲôҪҪȥҲŲ㣡˵Ҳң
ӣȶĻᱻ¶ߣ˵תҪѣȴһ׽ס󡪡
ü壺ȥһ䣬أó
Դӿȶ⼸ľ֮󣬱Ͳⱻŵ²ˡ
ÿظһֱŤŤﻹ͵͵ι⡣
⵼¾ŵµĴزˣ뵱ϣȶɵų⡣
Ҫȶһ˦֣æں﷭ңһͭƣٵǰǳڼ䣬λͬۼ۸ңҾ͸㸸ʣ
΢΢һܾ»ΪҪͳѪӡ
ȶͭĲ⣺˷֮Ӳ򣬶Ķ⣬ȢĺӣԿ
Կˡ
ŵ²ĥ䣬䲻ͶŰȶȵԭϣ
ȶԣʶס˲䷢
⣡˵мˣ
ľٶѾȫ˫թǳ֮ͫУ
ŵ֣һ˳һƣͽʣȫ˳
֣ȶҪȥᣬͼԷѾ̧ĴָҪһ۶ϣ
ʱ䣬ֻһ㣬ȶᣬȻ˵ڵأһѱסŵȣɤӿ޺ҪҪ۶ϣҡ
ٶίʵϣŵ»æ뽫
һ·ƼһĻõ
ȶ޵û찵أӣÿѹͷ˯ﾭŽ¡
Ҫӱ۶ϣζûˡ
ǰˣֻᣬûΣʲôܰܵ䣿
ܳ߹ûܹͳѧԽȥӦÿһα裬ܡ
ϲˣƭԼֻҪֲиĶǸ˺ãξͻʵе˺Ŀ顣
ΨһõԷĽ֮ı
һ޺ʿǿʼ·⴦վУȻû˸Ҷ¡
ֻǣ̽Ŀܼ
ȶһ̲Ƶ̯ϣ鼱֮£ŵ»ŵĶӣѾ˵ذȶгԼĿţվѾˣ
ȶ̧ͷӴܵıӰսеķ飬ҰοŵܵƶһҲֻ̡
ϻԼӪǰĻԣʹɹպ
̴Ӱһ¨ɫҰˣ˵Ժ塣
ϰѲ˶˰պһڣһɵζˬڡ
ʱƼСͷ񱼶͸СĴ˸һֻƿš
˳ʲô¡
쵽ϸǰʱ򣬾ŵ¾½Ųʮ̧ͷͦأȻߵ£¶ˡ
ϷеĽһ̴֣ӾͰѸƬõĴƤ
еĳպãÿⶼеñ
Ƥ¹˴ͣըһ˿ڸҲûУŴʣպһڽϣԴ㡣
ÿӼһƬմֽ֭ιСЦô
ŵ¿֨֨Ľڣζըһ㣬óԣ
СһСƬ⣬֮ʵıƤϸʽҰˣųԣôԲ׷塣
Ұ
ɽɵĹرƤСʣȥƤгɿ飬һĨ¶⣬ֱζ
ԸֱɣɽҰ帾ҲСһ£ͶͻѽסɽӶñȹ̹
ŵԵúúöģһЦ硣
죺Цʲô
ŵæ̬ȣûҲͻţϧаˡ
ϣ
ⲻЦԼԼźǸûˣ
ӪĴԣЩɻСʣ£˵аȾʲô֢ʱˣ˵ʹʹ飬ĻǼٵģ
ŵԳЦ⣬˫û£ЩӾͺˡ
ϸɻˣʵ˵ģǡӴɽ˾ŵһˣȥ˾ͲˣججģҲʲͷ
˲²⣬ʾϷʲôִ֡
ɴϲû˺ۣȴǰ˼ʮƵãֻʣô£
ŵҹ˵Ҫ񡱣Ӿͳ֮ǲʲôʵڽйϺ档
ɼŵ²Ը̸Ҳֻ÷
գϻյһݡ񡱡ȶپŵˣ
֪ʲô£ϷһնήҲ
ȶԾǿŸŵһԣȴƵһԲմͷϵǰľˡ
ѲΣԷˣ
ϲԽ˵Ǿŵ¶԰ȶ̬ȣͬϱ̫˼źˡ
һգȶûȡŵµĹעһסеİĽҪԳ
Ǿŵȴû¶ûڣʧȥȶġָ󣬷ĳˣ׽˿
ɥ
ȶܴ죬ʶʼעϣ֪°˳ƷʾģȴʵҲʲôڲͬɫ
ֱԽǰһգӪطյʹͣȶ˷ͬѰһĻ
ȶ͹϶վڻҾԶ
ͽӪɢ֮ʱȶһİӰһԣתͷͼ¹ϵļ
ȶϸϸһƣⲻǶŮ
ţͼڹ϶ߵ˵˾ʲô˱һǰһȥ˲ԶС
ȶҲĸȥԶԶš
Եúܲ죺£𣿡
ϵһЦ̧óһװɫ鴮ݵǰ¹ǴĥΣ˵ƧаЩԻӪҲţ͸һ
ϲĿֻÿ鴮ԲСһ¡
÷Ѷ˼ܴĥ
¡ü˺һ̫ˣҲա
ĬȻƬ̣ЦˣϲͶ˰ɣܴܲһأǸʲô
εĵͷԥƬ̣˵ƾ֮ʣͷѸ֣ӹ潭ԴһأȴԷһס֡
ϡ
ڼŮסֵһ˲䣬͵İȶȻеһʶսϢأȻǣ
飬弸˷Ӧ
ȶתͷʱһ⡪
Զ΢бԴֱֱԶǣǣˡ
˫ɫӣ·Աһ㣬һ˿˵޻ʺ⡣
ȶһڣӲĻعͷͼѾ˶Ůϵ

129

ϸոоһϤϢֶͼѾĲͷ򱱷
ʲôҲŲͷƼԶһϤӰ
С
ŵɫ·һ껨ŽصӣȻ֮Уһ䣬Ļƶ׹
ůӯ䣬ǣɫ۽ţ˱ǡ
΢һ㶣ԴȸͷȻǡҷɫǣ
δȴŵѾһԲתȥ
һ⣬˼ڴСɫ˳ȫÿëΣźţ
ͷһƣϻŽִĥ¹˿ͬǯƵù˫ִ
æߣݻؽУ˲̬æһȹգŵ·ɱȥ
£׷࣬ϱæͣ¸ո͸ԴֵʽΣͻ
˵껹ٵǳǰתһתʾס
ŵ´ɨһۣɫԾ÷˪̧ͷӿ˽Ųûͷһۡ
һԻŵ׷ţ͸߸ȳһƽʱɢʱΪ˸ŵ±һµٶȣüӿȵƵʡ
ŵ¼ӿŲһԵСȣֱһ·Сܵĸš
İȶҲѸٱŵһֻ࣬ĻϽͣʽ£ι㰮ñ˰ɣ
˵ʲôŭ졣
ȶһ죬ֻЦŮѽ˵ԭĸߵȾϲףһȻ˲ã
ڼʱǲҲ׵ӣһдžŵ£һдŶ£ǲֺ
䣬ϾѾеŵǹŭѾʵʰϮ
ȶ⻰˵߯ǣϸ˵ŵûϡӡǸδʹġܳס
ȭͷյÿ죺ȶЦɿã㲻Ҫ
ȶߣӸ粵ͼºȻͣ½Ųת
Ҳͣ½Ųɻĸתŷ֣ϾȻһֱϢĸںͷ
ŵµǻŭȻѾѹֲסߵϸǰǱǼֵľ룬ƫԴޱԷĿཻѹɤ㻹£
Ҳδòֱֱվţȴº͵ЦЦΪһ£ĥɵģԸ֣׷˹򣬲ԡ
һ˫ǳͫŽϷʵޣģϺֻԶһأǿϧˣϽЩʱշЩǰӳȾͷֺˡһǣǺüԡ
ɫҲЩҲס΢һ˫Ŀûž죬˲ɾĶ˾ţа֮
Ƨа֮˵ЦˣණԼȥ
ŵµͷЦһһۣһ˫ɫ͸ܵĽëƵĿϣҪ䵽ҪһȥԼǻģĸԸˣû¾ͱܵš
һۣͷһرԼĻó裬ʱȭͷ֮һ󿩿죬ѹŭ˵ʲô
һ飿
Է䣬ϱ㶸Ȼһ࣬һգȻϮԷģ
ǳٶ֮죬ֻйۼͼǰһˡ
ٻعͷʱ򣬾ͼŵѾָ̧񵲣ʯ䣬ϥ¶͵سȭ
Ͽ˫ֶֻһƳʵĻӹϣ˵һػһӰʱ߳սȦ
λߵȵĻʾֻ֣һɲǣŨҵսϢȴѾȫȻɢԶԼʿǼٵĽŲ
·ͻȻϺͰȶûʶҪȰܣսȴѾٽˡ
߳սȦĽ΢һվȽŲĿ𾪵ۿ򽭳¡
ԭֻѵһ³Բѷȴû뵽µ˵ãû뵽ƽɢµСӣԲѷ֮󾹻ҲТ㩣ֶ
һԵİȶڴлع漴һһקסµĸ첲˷ܵĺôôոôֵģû壬ٱȻһưɣ
ŵ´˿ȻѾû˰ϧķģֱ˦ľ
ȶӵһģ˺ЩˤڵأԷŭ𣬱㲻ǰۣƲƲ죬Թȥһԡ
Ļְ̌סูһľʹһаӿɤһȻŻһѪ
ϣ
Ȼ˫ۣæҪǰ鿴ƣȴԵһѳס
͵ӣһ˫ԱƵ׺ӺȻڣ᲻
޴룬˫˵ʶͷȥϣѪæҪֱۣˣȥ̫ҽ
¼Ҫѣʱŭ
Ů˵ĵأԭֻǶԼһˡ
û¡ֱ忴ϣֲ̧Ѫ԰׵ϸһ˿ǣǿЦ⡣
һӣôôص֡
Թߵĵ˽һۣȻ֪ѣȴԾйƵø
˫һǣֻ͵һͱײԷС
ȵıϣɤδй׺ݣҹȥͱҹˡ
ԣһԵİȶ۾ʱˣȲĿϣϣϽȥµӣ
һ⣬Ǳͱһ
·ʶǰˡ
ΪԹ֮ģ˵ôĻ
ˣİ
ǰЩһݶǨݣѲɶƾ
ţͱԷɿ
ˣȴ޷Ծ޴Ž£˫ɫʱŭ𣬺ް־յꡣ
𻰣ŵ±ĮȻתӪﳤȥ
Ŀɬعͷ㿴һȺʿѾɻĴ֪˺¡
̴ӷǰȾѪ㼱æǰ
Ҳտɽ·ŵĻȴ絶
Ī֮ΪϾŵ£װһ˵оһԼǲʶȻûԾŵ֤ʵԼס
Ǿ䡰ͱҹ¡Ҳδ̫ˣ˵ܶ˾
ۿͨ죬Թίͷ򽭳¾ıӰ
գû׷ȥ
ò׼ŵ¶ĵߣ׳ŵʹСӵĵûС
ûͬʯĳ᲻ʧȥ
δڴ϶ٰ硢Ǩֺã˴ȴżƢ
ίһ·һ·ᣬĬĸھŵһͬ߻Ӫʡ
ڵ̴òˮڲ輸ԣŵԾɲһ輸ǰ豭ͷһˮ
ûǰ˫ȥϣžŵ£ʱʱĨһᡣ
ŵ´С¹ϵᣬ˵ʱ͸ˣһأȴٳٵȲĺͽ⡣
͵輸ԣȴֶԷѾûӰ֪ʱϢĳӪʡ
ľͷϮͿģڴϣȻ޴롣
Թ޴ﵽ۷壬һʱȥҾŵԹһʱȥǼһǸڼ˵Թ޺ͼ˵ǻ
һˣΪʲôôʹ̹࣬ǵʴе
Ӫ˼룬ʱ̴ֱӵϵƣű
͵վͼ̴Ӽľŵ߽С˴齱ߡ
ɤ۵һ¾Ͱ
ŵ±ͻߣ˯հ
ǣеĻ̿Թһ˲䶼ɢ


130

澺ܿȺýҩԡ
ϼŵ˯Ĵţתȥʸĳ棺ͬ˭͵ľƣ˶٣
湪Ӧ·ֻһƣһںȸˡ
ôȥҽϺȾƣϲ׷ʵͬ˵Щʲô
ūŲ֪
޿κεĵͷִ澶һֻС̿¯ӣϽԱŵ°ҹת
澣϶ھŵߣһҹߡ
ҩĻأתˡ
ֱկؾϲŲò˾ŵ¡
ǰһѺ󣬽»ЩԺʰ󣬱ͬһӪ
ھŵУͬˣֻóл԰
ƽ϶԰ǽϷӣ֣Ӷ⡣
ʱ˿̣ȴû˰ȡֵ¡
ǰŵݱʱ̬Ծʮ䵭ϻ겻һ·󣬻ڽǲغСӹظ
Ľƣһֱҹһ죬ԺС̫һõϢʹҴҽ»ظˣսԺ
ϲæ÷٣ԷѰⲽȺ
ʱȥˣԺʼû¼ݵͨ
ʱ俪ʼü尾ϵֽһ緢䣬ֱ𣬻ججԴʱǱľ͵һ̱˲輸ԡ
ʯԾһţϻظ;òԾһֱûʳڣΣ˸š
֮ǰŵÿմ깫ͷһ¾ǼСԺϡ
գ»ظҲȴԺƼһʧǵģ˳Ƕ˼ʲôִ
ǲҰ׵ɫʯ۵ý
̴ӣԼСš
һ²裬СȰŵͣû׼ӷˣЪԺǡ
ϴ㶵ţãȻ૵²Ҫˡ
ʯŵԲ۾æּɱԣʥָ˵ҪͲҪģ
û𻰣Ƭ̣Ȼվȥϳһֻһ߼Ľ˿ľ䣬ƿӣͷĶһһó
ʯʧɫҵСӣʲôɱŻң
ګګûлӦŵʯҲԣѹϷĶ
鼱֮УʯƼãȻɫжȻһơ
ɴִ࣬ˣŵ»ܲСԺ
ʲôִ»Сޣѷߺ޶˵²βϡ
ʯ˾ȥ⣬Ժµ˰ţ
žСԺʱը˹
ڻ겻ĹҲµĻعŵôҴûܳţͼһŮæҵĳ澪ŵĽΧм䡣
̻󣬼ʯĵԣʱû¶𡭡
δ˵꣬Ժѯʵʲô¶ˣ
ʯæ˳ȥеּ˲ɾĶŵ־ˣưգ
һʱʯ˼аٸнҪֹʯ˵ѣ̲ס֪ŵ»᲻˻صߡ
ѸٴȥԺ
˵ණŵ¾ôϱΪǹ˱ԺŮҲ̫ͨˣ
߳Ժӣæǳô£˲ǹڵô
Ҳˣǹһô
ŵɫŭҲҿ϶ˣߵףһ·߱ڸȥβ̽
վʯ˿̻СԺԷԸץҷ٣ɵɵ̬
ЧʮС߿ԺţԷ
Щ飬ͷһװɵһЩӳŲӲ̧ͷ
ŶԷԼǰ漴һֻȵ̧ۣͼ˫ʧһյĵɫŻţĿеĿ
ϣ
һһᣬ͵Ǳƽء
ΪǸŵģһӣɫĳŵ˵ϣûйûʲôණ£й»㡣
˲ͱˣһ̧첲͵Ȧסŵ²ۡһ޳޲ҲȦȥСҲ
⧲˫סһܱŤڴǰһԣһŲӣɱƵúУҪߣҲǵˣ
վʮ澣״׷׵ͷ
ŵɫΣһֳڴߣһԾûֵ˼
ֻóֽϴӴ齱ߺᱧֱתԸ̴¡
±ƵãȦøԴڽµľѡ
˽Ҳô
һȺ澿ۣ˳䡣
ϱΣھŵϣòøײŵʣ£ϲϲͣ
ãͷһЦϾŵ̧ͷίƲ쿴С
ŻľС˿ԾɫãüĽ٣Ľë΢ţ׽ɫϼˣЦʲô
̧ۿͬûĥشŮӵ뷨ֻش˵ϲϲ⻰Ӧù㡣
ԲΪʲôͶģؿɼ
į˫ʣǶԶأ
ϼ£ʹǰܹµĶҲʶ԰ҪѣѺͷôᲢأ͸¶κνʲôֵǵأ
µͷûлӦ
ϼţ
ԷԾɴԴòƿڵգһֱ룬ǧ˵Ƕ㣬ǲҲᡭԸ⡣
һ⣬ʵһƬհס
ǽϣ᲻ҲԸ⣿
˲˹ϵз޵ݡ
֪ŵΪʲô
ϵͷĬãᶨ̧ͷ̹ϵ£ҵֻΪ˾ˣǼе
ȷʵʧңѱͰĽΪһ̸ֱ޸Ҳߵ𡣡
ŵȻشʧįĿڣʲô𣿡
϶˫ǳͫ˾ȥסµ֡
Լؿڡ
һԾŵ¿ڣڣͼ޸˶£ͶΪ˱һУΪʹ
ŵµָѹǰƬ֮Уʱ䱻ȼ
ϼᶨĿ˫ǳͫУŽµ֣Լһ·»
޸͵ͶΪһҲ룬һְҲ˷Ҵ˿ģΪʹǶ鲻Խ
һϢؽ



ԷȵĻӦϷ壬ƾŨҵϢ롣
Ŀʼͣ۵ľϢضʱԷѬӯǣ·˲¡
ŵ죬ŹϣͼȷǲǡǸ˼
»ǰķͦѹŶԷ壬ɬŤŤ壬²Ҫ
ֻһ仰ǰ˾Ǳ׼ŭޣϵ˫Ȼ࣬˽ܵһ
ϣܸоԷɢŹɳԵϢأ
һ˺˿У׷ɢڲ輸ͽ¡
УϵĶǶ˸ᣬŵʩһקյֱü
ǶǣбһߣϵԳ˷۵õ塣
¡ýȽ⿪Ƕ¶ȴԷȲһסеŪ
šϻæ̧֣סֻԼ
Ϣ٣ڳϢأˡ
ţ÷屻ŵ¸ͷסһů䶯˱Ļ궼˳š
ҵĴϢ˷ϺȻŵ˵ת棬ѹ˿Ĺϣ󱳿żʵα屻ѹס
ֿȱѾǵ÷֣ѿ
ϴϢ§ˣŵסĴһ̧ͼ󾱵Ѿȫ͡
ţ󾱱㱻һںסһ䶯ҪܻڽµĻС
ǳȵĽϲ࣬һò飬ߡ
봭ϢƬ̣͵ȴȵָȻһ
ʶ£˫ȣн²
ţڵָʼỺද
۵ﾭסָ̼İһʧ
ŵһֽ£ڶʣ𣿡
ϱ۾ҡҡͷָ˲
¡Ͳˡһ޺˫ȴԷסڵһ±һ¸أ
ϳ鴤ۣͼ˫ɫעԼǵüᶨࡣ
ӣ֮ģҵŪϵĴţֻбǼܷ
۱ȴٳûпڣȻѾֻͣüʹȻ
һײʼô³ڱʹ
Ͻҧ´İ˽ϣʹҲҸģ
Ť壬žŵµİӭϣҪƿԼ
һ磬Խʹ˺ѷΡ
忪ʼѿС죬ճҺմʪָ⣬˵Ϣýʧȥǣָ
ϻһ飬н˫ȣԾƴӭϽµĹ룬ѪҺ˳ָ˳
ײּ£ڱȫ
ĵʹù㺹죬ʹüʹȥ
ʧȥ֪˲䣬˫˫ȣµǵ÷飬ͱƽϲڣ͵ѹ壡
ϼͦţڱİ˳Լ壡
·˲ڰһɲǣţһɴδйĿУ̻ͬ㣬ը
һΣĲ
۴屻ȫ֣ȫռС
ʹȫʧȡ֮ģĿУ
˵Һ籡˳ʵµء
ҵĿ͸֧ȫ̱ûһ˿
Էȴ·ո𣬿ʼڼѹ
û˽к𽭳µ˫˷ܵ÷ĵɫӣ˿ʣ£㰮ҡҡ
ӦģֻиҵĳײҪڻ


131

ѲҹİӴʱ򣬹Ѿ֪Ƕٴȥֻ
ӹϵ輸ϣȻٵϣһαѹʱѾ͵û֪ûƾܵ
ʺ޷ҺԼϢأÿһ۷󣬹ϻ費ãͻᱻСҡѡ
˫ۣǰһ˫ɫֱֱԼֱ
ŵ¿ͷһء֡ùˣΪʲôƷʾļλ֮ࡪ
ǻо顣
󣬾˻ţҲٸһ˿Ӧ
ŵֻȻ§뻳Թ˯ȥ
ڶգһ˯ʱԾں硣
ŵе飬ҽʱʱȥСԺ𽵹ϵļ澴ӻûѣ
ܳŽƣŻ㱨˯أ
Ⱥûİǡ
˼Ҿŵ¼˲ʣ˼ҽѱ
ʲôл˯㣿Ǻ˼˼һʾôһ˵СԺ
δʱĩԾ˯ذ
ʯЩţŵһʱصطԸǲҪҲ˯߯ˡ
ƣƿš
´ϢԷĴӻţû澽ʰ
谵޹⣬ʯ鲽ȥ齱ߣһ·ֲ輸ԡϡשϣǵ׺żգһ·ǰ
ʯ״ʱ۾һ³۳Եɡ
޽ͷ£ʵ澶˵ûƼմѪҲ֪̫ᣬǸû¡
ʯһţҲֱ˵ʹϣۼΪʵ̤ʵˡ
ߵԣӡ
ϸ԰׵СϻһϸʯãסЩۡ
Ҫǽͷһس£δ̫ˡ
˵˸ǧһĻʾɶԷƫСˣܴˣǸǻ˵
ֽϵģһֵĺ
ôſɲɣ
ʯüȥԺʾŵ£١ʷҽӲӡ
ŵ´˿һӷѾʱˡ
ûףԸ񷸴ˡ
ʯʱһҪŮ٣ŵ¾͸ˡ
дˣзҪơ
ôŲƣûԱҪˣҪǻ׫ǵΣΪʲôдϸһЩ
ŵôҰοţͷԵŮ٣һԷ
ϵ֮Ůٵɫ͸һƵģݣŮȥҽ١
ҽѶϵָʾͷѨλ룬˷Ӧ
ϻۣƼΧһȦˣСһȦƺǲҿɫŵ͵͵
ȺһѰŵ£οǼһǸ߳һԴضزס
Ŀ·˲䣬ŵ¾͸û뺣һͷϦһ㣬¶ףԴ½ͼøǰǽԼȫڵ
ֺֺЦ
ʲô㣿˻¶͸е
̧̧ϥǣҪ֧ӡ
ҹʱѾȫˣֱʱ֪ſʼգһĵĴʹ
˻üһ
һŮٸϽŮ𣬸ιһҩʹ
΢ָһЩλŮٱ֧ڵˣ죬Ԥҩ
ϴûܹƣÿʱԼ滹ǹģϻǵѪֱڸطȥ
ͷԵŮٵƣѽ˸
һŮҹй˼Σ
϶ʱǳɫ
ôʻô˰åȥ
ŮټæɫȰͷһؿɣƺأūҲ޴׼ȷжҩ˵һЩû֢ҩˡ
ߵͨ죬Сܲȥʾŵ£Ҽǲˣҹǰΰѵġ
Ů٣
ϽŰѾŵؾصԵȦϡ
ŮʷƵĵ£ҹл˼أ
ɫϣһרעĶŮ٣ĲĴһذɡ
ŮҪǸʮͷСĻޱ̹Ŀôţ˳ɾˣ
˼ҶˣԵαȾŵ³Ե÷࣬˵һءܰ˼СӸͿˣŰ
ôϿҺ
Ůٸ̣ˣǱžµСԵòУ϶Ǳʧ˻꣬⸱ģҲϳôء
ŮȻҲĻԣڶԴЩδճĻʾСǣḻȻӦޣһذҩͿˣպ󼴿ٴͬ¡
ʲôŵüĶԵЩߣּæѹȣ̬ŵĿʣҪգɤӣѯʣ༸أǲҪӴʱգ
ŮٹʤǣȻصµĻȻģ¶һأǺܴġ
üͷĬãۿŮһۣĿ˸鲻Ըĵ૵¼ǵòǺ׼ȷҲС߻ذա
ŮٽһСʾǴ׼ȷܿºصĺ
ŵеͶԴ߻ء
ŮĿ棬ľŵѾ̧ͷˣԴ򱡴գգۡ
СģǰŮٵߵѸ˶תº͵Ȱ£»ؿɲôˡ
ͷһسлʲô¶ѭ򽥽ôõһ²ܺתǵòʧ𣿡
һ£ľŵڲ
һֱڱͷ̸죬ʼС˵һءʱòһɤӺ޳ܣ
Ůٸȡһµĵʱ䡣
ǡ
ڱɥĶָȻˣҹûʧȥ֪ǰļΡ۷塱ʵ̫˻ζһҲ̫ˡ
ţŮٺȻ˵һ仰ûѹϸñ´
¹ΪƷĶҲǳ£Ӧռλֵͨ¶
ã϶ʱƿӣȾŵ´𻰣Ŀ⵶ƵŮ٣ǳ⵽һУҩ˵Щûõģ
Ŀǰµս̫ƥ䣬ǿ
˭Ҫֵ谮
ŮٱƶƵҪǸˣԹԴŮҽҩȥ
ϲͷ쿴ԡ
ŵ±޿ɱܣߵߣ֣ૣϣʧԹޣ¶㡪
ɫרעĿϿҵĽͣʱ򣬹¸ͣʵ̫ˣûָܣ̫㡣
ΪȱǵӦΪ˫Ŀ̫飬ɤ̫ˣ졭˲ƽȥˣ
˵ˣһҲģҹķȫΪ߻ҲǿԱ½ġ
˳ӵ»￿ʣǲ̫úˣ
Ҫȶֵ

132

ϰ뿿ھŵ»ȻԸʹ˫ȡ
õһ£ȥı죬¿ȫˡ
˵ĲͷŮ٣´ˣһֻܳл齶ɣ
ŮߵԲԣһ߼鼸̴ӲҩƵĽһĻشµ߶ҪЩȱְߺ󣬻١ʷʾ
齣
ޱȱˣƲŮ٣ǶûʲôҩܹЩ
ŮԲ죬ͷӹϡΣһλƷı۰ΪʲôҪأ
ɼȻôҪȻҲ⣬ֻ̹ȻУԺҶ۲޲ʷ۲ζҩʮգ׽֬ҩõӻָ֮á
䣬ŵ¾;ĿеıǰһԹĹĵķͦ˻ϲףҪΪʲôҪף
СɤеĲеһ̧ӣǰһʱŻ˻Ρ
̧ͷͼŵչüͷĿƿ
ȻǶ飬ϻڽ»ǹռԼϢһòѾ˵ֿʼҪ˵
ŮǸƷҩʱ󲱾Ŵ齡
ǹɸߵȾϢһɢ˲ʹһ飡
Ůһ£³Ⱥҩģ˫ֳϣɤӼ£ְмҵˣӶһ֣ôſɲ񻰣Ҫȥͨ澣
ŵ±һºûعĿӹƿŤͷáʲô¶бŮ١
ŮŷԸˣɤӣά򶨵ѾܲסˣȻԺȺաһڣÿڴ˴ͣʱ䲻ɳ̡
⻰һϵĶ˶ʱ罺ĿԷ
ϾŽǰֲĲ¡
ŵ³£ʱǶԹʱ̣ŮٵҪ󣬱·׺䶥
һ˫ǳͫ˵ĿϣüĽһǣĳŵ»㣬̣ͣ¾Σÿؿһ̣Խ˼֮ࡣ
һԵŮٶȥˣ
ڵĻСʵ̫ˣһʿ棬ٯٯɺͳ
ҡ
ǹɳƷʾϢأԼֱҷ߳򱶣
ͣΪһëͷʧ̬ˣҪ飡
ŮĿڣ£ЩԺԺգȫǾô̫ˣ
䣬һ١ʷͼֲסǣĥҩĵӣһˤڵأзʹ̡
ŮټæǰȥкСֶӣűѧҽ͸յʮͷ
ף󾱵廹ûпڣûܹƷϵľϢأƷϢضԣʵ޷ֿ˿Ѿ̱ڵ޷Կء
ϼ״Ҳֲ˼ģæʹþŵ¿ЩԺ
ѷ֣Ůټæ̴ӣҪǿнŵ¸ϳԷ
Ҫλһѱľ󣬽Ŷ
κζԷǻʾҲֻưͳԻ
ŵһǿС£һһͷ⡣
ſڣԹϱ֤»㡣
Ϻӣһֱ
Ůֱٰ
𣿴Ժߵˮ󣬲Ųһ··;ʲôôϧģ
Ůȭѣ£벻Ҫˣ
ڰˣŮٻҩС١ʷ£ǻָ򶨼ĥҩ
Ȼʧڴϣ˼
ȱǺ󣬲˰˹ĸܡ
ÿһ缡žŵµĴǹɰԵϢؿ̽Ĺ곹Ϊһ壬޷ƣ
һϺȻо˽ӽϬһ㣬ʶĵ񻨴ӡ
һֶֻȻϴأϤĽý漴ԴһԾڡ
ŵ͵ˣ
һ⣬ӽŵȥŮ٣ͼھҵҵĵͷҩδ
ȥ˽С
ϢǽڴܻشԣݵĴӻľӣ·Ĳ˹ɢҵķ٣
һִٵǣԴӴܶ
϶ʱʧ֡
Сֻǻľӡ
Ǹɶ
ľӾʲôɲģ
ŵ¶ľӵڹ֮Ѿת˶ľӵ
̫ˣ
Ӧǻ۵Ľᾧ
϶һľӣȺŮٵƺҩ࣬Ҫ߳ܡ
ɵȵҩʼеܸ߳УҩĨٿڵ˲䣬ɢ
ȡ֮ģɱʹ
ŮޱΪҩ
ϴ˫УֻС´λҲɫ
ԩ
ϱߺߣСĴ
ŮϸϸЩԾԹͬµں϶ǹˡ
žʹѯʣʲô˼Ǻ»ǻ£
ŮٶкôҲлôǣǳǿҳлʱĸҲΪǿҡ
΢΢һ㶣ѹǧҹŵ¼ϵĹᴩôˣЩǵĿڣǻأ
ŮһȻڵʼߣÿ²һ¶вǡ
ЩԾ»ҪĥڣŻỳӡ
ں϶ȲЩģҲʮеģʺӵ۾ʮӡ
һԣõȵú󣬾ӲŻῪʼУиճɻͲ¶ģ
룬Ů̹ȻЩϣҲǻ£ҵҲҪˡ
Ůü͵˼ͷǷʣɲǸġ
տӣٰڳ죬绳ˣԺӿɲá
һݣæԺӲãô죿ʲô׼ûƻ᲻ᡭ
Ůٵʱûõºҽ԰ֻ꣬Ҫʱ̥Ǻ׵ġ
̥϶ʱ˰ء
滳ˣĵһӣѵôɱ
ҷ䴫Զ˵ͷһ̥ƷļҲߡ
ŵ檣ǴĽɽһƷɾȫˣôðգ
ŮپḻɫͲ³˼æοضǣְҲЩеĴţ֮ͷһ̥Ϊ󡯵˵Ϊպ״̬ͷ̥С
Ŀǰ״̬϶ʺš
Ȼͷ
һд׵Ůٹˡ
Ծɲ̫ŵ£㴫Ǽٵģͷһ̥ǸӣҲĺӰ
ֻԼǧҪϡ
ҹ߻أҲú£ʶְסС૵ĵ档
գŵÿš
ϸŮָʾͣӣһʧϵʱֵڡ
С˯ˣͷƬҲ޷
⸮ûӿԷ϶ԾŵµԿʮûġ
ԹȥԺ̽
ʵʹ͵澣ҳ֮Σȥòŵ£Ͼ̰εȥԺ
లʮգ˴پŵ빬
Թ̽˵ǻϸ磬Ҫѡ

133 

ԹϣϵľɫȥæڵҪҪūȥӸţ
һԴⴵڣЮĳů㣬Ѭӯǡ
һͷ⡪
̨ͤˮտȣû˵Ӱ
Щʧ䣬ʮŵһϾͻСԺͤǻȴһֱûг֡
Ҫѡˡ
Ϻܺ£¸ŵమصӣҪԴ˽ˡ
һ䣬Ծơϵһ䣬ջߣͷ
͹ˣֻҪѵģʲô޷ı䡣
Щʱգֹһ飬˵þŵµĶ䶼ˣõĻӦʼǣ¾Ȣ
϶شʧ䡣
ʧǣŵµļᶨǳȶԵԸ񣬲ǻڲ檵ԭ
ҵǣȶٲΪв
ˣ˿Ծİ;ʲôӡ
ԹȥԺŲãջһϮӻľŵ£ʹҴҸϵԺ
ϸ͸ӣƼСŶ԰ϤӰ˲ӱе廨Ьӭӡ
տԺżֱŵ¼ǰ˼䣬ᱧԷϡ
˫Ȧžŵ¸첲Ϊء
һµȥ︰磬ŲһãЩЪϢ
̧ͷеϻҲԺ֪Ϸʲô
ŵµͷӦϻһΰȶ£ʱȣ̫ž͸СԺߴٿ󣬶ֻôҴ
**
ϯǸеȴ·
ӵͬʺϯ֮󣬴λ밢ȶϯӭ涫Уλʾû󳼲롣
ȶ£Ⱥϯʮδǰ´档
ȸϵ߻ӣһԺӣΧڰȶԣЦ̡
ʱȶͼŮһͬԶŲԺڡ
ȶЩԾ̶ʮδӾ˼Ȧû֮ǰ̬ĸ࣬ɫް޹⣬ȴά̹Ȼ̬ͬŮ˵Ц߹
˲δģֻҴ밢ȶ˸к;ֱ߽ڡ
ȶع񣬼ͬ𻰣˵˵ȥ벻ŵµĻ⡪
ǰİ𣿡
üո߳ŵϲ𣿡
Ǹʲô˲ģҸЩĸʦͳˣ

ЩͷʹȶƺֻԷ񶨾ƸȤ
ǰѾȥ򸸻ʾָ飬Ҳδ
°ȶҲ֪ȴʲôûƵãԾһھŻŮϣʵڽﲻʹ죬ȴֲұֳԾЦӭϰȶ
ʱƳһϤӰ·ȣȥȶ̧ͷͼӰļӿ˽Ųǿӱľ
ιȶæΧ£
ŵľŵͣ½Ųתͷһ˫ɫӲ͵ɨȶ
ȶƺʶԼʧ̬æǸס졣
ֱԭǼΪοԷΪУֱ䣬ǰȶ壬Ȼܵϳ͡
ЩĹأðȶͷۣӺ߻ӶʮֿݣҲãԼΪ壬żʧ̬ǿԭµġ
ȶ鲽ߵԣŤͷ̧ͷʣ˵㿪ԸͦȥģûҩƣҲûپź
˵ԽߵȵľԽʹ࣬ûҩƣҪôŹգ
žµԾõһ˫ĮȻǳͫ΢Ľë⣬絶ָǧĳӦɩܵ
ɩȶüͷҶ˵˺öˣ
æЦǺǵӭȰգЦˡ
ȶӶĵһۣͷͼѾƲ̤š
ûУȶǰҲŲʲôɩ㸸ʶӦˣ
䣬ͼ¶Ȼͣ½ŲعͷüʣӦʲô
ŵתͷʱбܵĶ
ȶƸţʱ׷ǰ
ôᶯѽ
̧Ҫȴڰ;бԷס޷ȣֹԹԴȥ
ȶյֱ죬üǰļһȴΪ˴еϲҲûôˡ
°͵㸸ʴӦˣһ֪
Ŀ⾪ŭһѳס󣬽ȥ
ȶһ˫ɫӣ⧲תЩ˵ڵأԷһ̧첲ס˽š
һȺŮ̴ӾĿУһ·Уȶһľϲ
֪˻ô룬;ŵµĹϵ
Ȼúֵ⣬ӿŲϾŵ£ֵԼǱǣţǱǿţôŲۡ
һ·߽ƫһС䣬¿һˡ
ŵһ֣ȶžһˤǽڣתһ̧ͷͶ˫Լ˼ĺǳֻͫĿб塭


134 

ʲôȶ˫Ӷ÷ţǽһŲڡ
ʴӦʲô
ȶһ̧°ͣһ֪ˣ
һӣŽİ˱ͷ㡣
عͷֽ»վԭأֻǲͷĿߡ
ȶͷ̽Դ͵͵ơ
ŵ»תȸǰŵðȶɿ֣Ƶòˣ㲻ң
˸ľ룬խȼս𡪡
㾿ΪζԹ¾ţ
ϲ㰡
ë
ëôõĹ㶼Ȣ
Ȣ
ܸôܸȣ
˫ɫӲ͵΢΢𣺡ôܱȣ
ȶèƵɫӵɵùԲڵĵĻӣ
ⶼʲôĪɣ˾͵ȢޣǲǱô
ȶҪ˵Ǽʿ׵ģŵôҲܻ֣ÿӱȥӵݿš
˴ˣ蹫ôһˣ˦˦
ʵʧ׹ԭ򣬵ͬڸס
ѹǼʿô棬ŵһ̧첲͵һأ곡Ϸذ⣿
㵥⣬ǰûκγŵ㲻ɡ
ôȶصǣȢҵģض˵ȥɣ¶ݵˡ
ŵ±ƽһľ棺ˣ¸ʵӦ㣬ҲܣòҪȡ衣
ȶЦ´Ӧ㻹ҲӦ
ŵɫࣺ˵ҸҲң
ȶһļ˺ݺһš
ô
תǿסƹ籼ȥ
ŬԼ˽Ǳˣ
ص֮ʱʵۻʺѾ
ȶͽһǰһ߽ţΪӵ۲ŭЦȰкһͬ
ϯڼ䣬ȶƢƵõͷ졣
һֱͬ𻰣ǼС۰º⡣
ʱʱһ̣ⷢȶø첲˼̧̾ͷ࿴򸸻ʡ
ţµĶյԴ⣬λʾǰ
ŵվƱ
ҡͷԵĶŴĻʾ޹ȥȵ˾ŵǰȴɵеˮžʢɲƺþƣ糢Լ̾ơ
һ⿴֮󣬾ͼһרעĿԼ
Ǹµľ֣
ɻⳡϯƺûдἰ£ôֻΪԼⱭƣ
Ѹ澸ŵ»һҾƣ
һͷİȶɫԽţбһ˫ɫӣֱžŵͷ
ƾ˼أ޿κεͷһڹ¡
ȶŵı塣
ʱŵϱԳһ˿ãȻѬ֮⣬ҡҡλεΣһ֧Ŷͷ
Цһ󣺡ľҪ
صϯ̧ͷһɫӵ漴˵˼ɢʣԸŮŻŮػںЪϢһ
ɢ֮󣬰ȶȲ޵һ䳤ԭװ澣ҹɫػš
ſڵ̫ѸٽһӽԷָָĴ齣зֺۣõЦԺأ㡪
ȶȥŵŮŵƹ硪
Ĳϡ
˽ǹƵĹŰӣĽëĸ֮ϣŵĽɫ⣬һͷ΢âĳɢϣּƴԣ˳Ĵ˸תһ
˼᳦࣬ת
ȶһڣɤӵŮҾôǿ𣿾ŵѺ᲻ң
ŮοӱģĵɷֻʾǷԸԵĲܡ
һ˱ǣֻҪԸģʾͱʻ飬ŵ¾ƺҲϴ壡
ȶԼ̵СȻǰйǿϾ𣿡
ŮæôûУ˵ǳʱ׵ǶҲɪ
⻰һȶʱİٱ
ҧ´澣ȥţԼŽߵԣЬŵԱ׾
ɵĹڽԣȶʼ𡪡
֣ϴαǹսϢƿĺ壬˿ȴٳûӦ
ʹǷűŵƫʱȶҵҲһ飬޶
ô죬ɢϢأľŵȻܵĻӦ
ȶЩż̧󾱡
¶̫ţӽģһʱ˷Ӧ
ȶЩð˼ٴۣͷµ
˶ġ
ȶɵЦЦӣþŵմϵĽ֭
ＤؼҪ߳ӣòָ⻮ŵա
⧲һֱ趸Ȼֱ
ȶûüӦеӾͱԷˡ
ôˣ
ȶĿɿڴһԡ
ŵ»п˫ۣסڣϯϺڵһھƣȫڰȶϣߣ֧
ȶ֪룬˫ŵأǰ˫ۣҪǿаѶԷѹɻȥ
ΪһǿѹƷʾһƷ˶ȶҲǧŵһˣֻϧ㡣
˫ɫӶݺɨ˲䣬ȶίί֣ƲɺãҪ㡭
Ĭ¶蹫Ѿ޻˵´
ȶʶԼĻҪˣԷ
þ޴ŵǰȴԷһƵϡ
Ƶٴڴߣ˫ǯס²Դоǿૣңң
ŵ¶ľٶԳЩ޴룬æǿгֱۣν˦϶ѥ齡
ȶȻһͷ˿գһӴϵµأˡһ죬ڰˡ
ԻȻתͷͼȶⶬʪèƵãһš
ϥǸպÿ˴ľ齵ϣȶ۵߳һŵĺȴŲϺ߳
Իֶ֣ȥק½ǡ
µſǲǷˣôĺôǿм޸ˣ㸸Ժ˭
ȶۿǿ̧ͷ߹Ҫʲô˳ȢңԺҾ͸
͹ϲһСûܹѣ̣Ҳ֪йϴ϶¶ƺҲԼеĸˮƯ


135 

ȶҪϥȴһʹʹֻڵذϡ
˽ǹƵĹâбڽº󱳣ȶպñεӰɫڰԾתĹ
ȲҸ˵ֻҪȢңʮͶΪĺܣҲ˵д󳼶Ѫͳƫҿԡ
Ҫŵתǰ½󣬱⣬ֻһ䣺һΣ빫أҪԼΪˡ
ȶؿһϣв
ϧΪУҲȢ
㾿ΪʲôǲҪңȶʣΪͷһμʱ㲻ˣĺϲ㣬֪ҿԸģ
˵꣬ͱһ򣬾ŵͷҲص뿪
ռŵԷУֻʣ°ȶ
ˣŵ澱㼱Ҵҳ䡣
ڵϲסæǰ
û¶澲ҶʣҴҽ̧޹
**
İù֮ҹѰ
ϵСԺƻͨ
¾ŵ»ΪЪ¾Ͳˣϱ˰ѵһ·㵽Ժſڡ
ϵĲˮֻʯ̵ƼһС̫һݣڵ񻨺»ˣ
ЦգʶվӭӣֵıСֻ֣ùԹشϵȺ
ŵδ㼲ˮ󣬷ԽȣֱԷ
̫һȺ̴ӹƵöû׷ϣһȺŵԻиϣһ·׷ĨȥĽ£ŵСĵػ
ĵƻֱۣҪǵĺҹ¾ŵŻؼҵ·
ŵͦε߽Էһû
̴˳ţŽ֣»ˡ
ŵǰס֣ԣ£
ϲھŵǰ󣬺󾱵дһİϢأĶʱһ
ǰȶϢ
ǿ򶨵̧ͷʣȶֲˣ
ŵ̾ϢһģȻǲ̫ģʲôί
һüʵʥǲ
ŵĹĵİѸʷԸ׵¶˵ֻʱʱֱ
ûðɣǸССͣȻΪĿģʹôĵֶΣ޳
ŵ֣æ̧סǶԲĶ䣬嵽±ˣ¼Ȼûб㣬ԺƵˣԭã
ŵɫȻͷһαƭһʱֻú嵽˯òã
Сͷϱ
ʮգϵѾû֮ǰʹֻǣôľ룬ͷһαԼİˣ屾ֿܾʼ
Ϻҧ´ǿбպ壬ԼϢƷС
ŵ»һ˵Ϣأͬڸͨͨ澡
ܸоóȶϢԼһκξ󷢿
ЩģѹɤС̽£ȶϢɣ
ŵµͷš
޴˫ۣСȻεĳˣ
̫ʵʵһͦ˵¶ĻʱͦҪġ
ͱڣ˳˺һ侲̽ϧ̫ԽϲȻȢҲͦģ˵ǰɣ
ŵЦһһƷľ˭ΣȢȻҪȢģ϶ȹ˲ϵľá
ȢȢ
ϼֱģ
ͻȻдĳ嶯
ô룬Ҳ˵ô̹װɣһĨڣȻǼ˸
ۼʣȶӸĺЩǲǾͻԸ
ŵԵͷеıԾɺ޹˼ɵɻ㲻ǲ檣
һƬ̧̺ۿССʣѵֻΪͲϲ˵Ʒ޿κε¶𣿡
³ǣһ˫ɫڳ޵Ӱ£ᶨ̹ȻĿڣһڵ޿κεĵزɣºαΪ˸޹ؽҪˣǵðģ
ͷһ۾ʱø˰յƵã
ԭԸСӵı׼
ǸϵȵһƷ󣬲ԸܣҲоֿܵϢصջ
ѹǰŵ˳µӭȢ
ݹϲ²⣬ϱӰ˳ɻСϷ˼
ȶӵͬ˳Ϣأй֮޲òԼĸԡ
һùջ󣬹ףھŵУвһΪñġȱ㡣
ֱǹ黰
ղϵġ顱˺˸飡
ȦסСȥһǣ
ôһͷķʱͱˡ
һɰʮյϢأɽ֮ϮԷ
ŵһ̻ǣɫһ̱㱻ϵϢ𾪡
ǳڱܣһͽѹڴϡ
ϱԷͻļһӦ׾ٵĴ͸
ʼü٣δɢȴŽк£̼հգ١ʷϣûĽ˼Ц
С˲ǰ̧ͷüﶼǿĹâֲ㣬ָմմǵط
һ»ǻԺ˯ɣôţͦס
ŵգȻ˫ۣ»ġ
ϻҲô˵ģϱĵ߰գ

136 

ûգ١ʷŮٸΪϸƣʱȻգ˵ڻʾԡ
εӦˡ
ǰҹϽôװСϳʱŵ¼ǵײײĲֻ뿪
ܵشնţ˳òŹѣǳ۽Ҳȡ
µףյ£Ѿǿ˻¯صӳĻ϶һҫ۵ˮ飬֦ҶľӨˮ
᷿ͭԼԽԽ̫֣˵ľǵöճɢɢ
ЩʱգһֱһЩŵѾڿʱŻ˲ŭ˵̴ͷһμӵϣŵְ·ս
ÿصŭƽ̴ӶͶȡɵСԺȥ鷿¡𡱣԰飡
Ҳ֪һЩ¡
뽭ϲͬʲô£ֻҪ֪ŵ¾ȫʵ
ԣϵһʱ̰ī¸״ȫڹǰľ
رл¸ٵļĿ֮ޣʵڽĻţϾҪʲô
ԽԽ£ÿοžŵüãҹͻμʬ׷Ĳ״
Ѻ˯ţֻһֱС
һŵתϾŴŴ˵Ļ˼ǣʥϺͻʺʵһֱλ˳Ҳܲαظ¶ŭأ󣬳ȥµְȨͳˡ
ɾŵµĻӦ޴롣
ƺʼղǸ߸ϵĻλ
ȣΪСֻΪɢŲԸֽĻҵɼ׷֮󣬾ŵ²ź˵ԼĹǡ
ǧʷģͳֻλƷʾȴλ֮൱ҵĺŵȻ벽ǵĺ󳾡
ֹˣǰذϵ
֮Ը𣬾ΪƷʾ䡣
ĩ߻ӣذ䭣ǧһĳƷʾλ֮ԩܣȴǰ֪ԼӼǰˡ
ǣλʷСº͡ĳƷʾǰɱ
Ҳú˽⵽ƷʾƵĺʬҰѪǧ
ذӲ漴̳ᵶ򱱣һ·ǹƥɱ¾ϣոϵأͶϡ
رƺӣٺȣذԴΪ죬Ʒ˴ǧͳΣµġ
Ҳ˵ĳ̫ۣǵõǰƷõĸս˽
⵼´̫֮ʵͷһ£һѵУһ˳Ʒʾеɷıӡ
صҲֻұ뱣Ҿ찲
ѵΪ˷ǰıٶݣٱƵóƷʾǽ
ĳȥ£ͳֻλƷʾλʷļضȽϺˡ
õλǡȸλݵλֱӡִ߱λռɩɩ
ǳ򣬾Ϊ˶λǶޣʷûмأҰʷ˵硡
˵ʷϵλƷʾȷʵ۲ΰԣιзǻ󣬽ĵķ۷壬ǶλֶΣʵ겻ѡ
Щ̫ʵĳƷǰǣŵ˲СӰ¾ŵ׾ʶӱ֣е־硣
ϴСŽ³ӵϡ٣óĻʺû»ʾºǰ̫ࡣ
λʾ֮Уλ޴־λʾֶλȥԶٷĳͻ
ְݵĻҲһѹ˽ºöԡ
ʵ벻ͨʲôԭþŵջ߱ɱ㡢λǻ֮·
ģֻл̽ʱոף뷽跨Ȱ轭ϣһٴ
ԺⲽãһԳɡŮŲߵһ࣬ɡƫȵ⣬ϸĻӡ
ʯǰúű̴վȷŮǰ硣
һùջ˼һƣһ̫ȵûˮ͸²̣Ժ
һתͼͷһСԺĳ棬ѸٳͷƺѰ
ϲӭȥ
⣬㵥ϥأԺץһͼˣѺͱ˾ʣȴ˵ԼĶ磬̽á²Ѷᡣ
˼һΡ
磿ݷɣʲô
νǣŹ欺˻䣬ùʶüͷ
ɫãŵĹֵ㣬¿ɽ
һ̧֣ԸѺȥԺúţ
ǣѸ˼ת뿪
ûгصԺݷѾá
󼸸̬ĿȴĶһһ
ԶԶŹݷɵŴ磬ŵҲǣȻǰЩľ£жʧȥԭеĹǽЩʵ
欱ԼתѼҼʵ˸˲СĴ
̤ãʩ밲
ڲ輸ԵĹݷȴһ߿鲻ԸվͷһԣԹϰһ֣밲
ûӲ磬ޱߵ̫ʦ£ڵɣΪ£
ݷһ˫ڰ׷Ӻݺݵˣ䡮硯ˡ
΢Ծɲɫ
֪ݷбضǶպ޷ǳ
Ҳ֣Ⱳӣûȹ˸¶ʲôݵ飬Ͼһ˸˾
ǽתƣ¹ࡰլļ´￪˾;ȵס
̶нʤ˹˼ڴӸǰĳ檣ù˸ʧȥ˿ɽ
ֲ֪εõ˳ƷʾĳңʱȴȫȻԼĹ˼ңתոޣù˼ҳ׳˵Цٲ
ԣ翴Ͼ񶾵ˡ
Ȼûԭ£һжҪͣңʵϣһеһȫǹ˼¾ȡ
ϸûԼȶĹ켣𣬶ǲСδβͣԭļƻȫҡ
͹欵ĵˣǰĽϱ˽Ľ¡
֪ļǲԸ
ͷսһµ˼ɣѾô˼ˣһȽȥˣȴƫҪɶ˻Լܹ˭
ƽĶۣϵǲ̫Ǻ硣
͹ﲻͬݷǰǹ˸ΨһĶԴϵˣڹ欵ƺԾɼȫ
ձּ޻󣬹ݷûͦΪǰĹ־
ʱǨٻʱĹݷɣҲȷʵ޼ƿʩ
ŻŮӳ欱λӣЭΣ󲻹һ
ԣҲ˿̵̬ȶеŭֻһʲôҪֻҪ֣ӦҲǰĶ顣

137

ͷȣǴݺ󣬱㽫Ŵϣƿ߼̽ƾ޶ǣߵʱܡ
ݽܵľ¯ƮɢıڰҲǵƻҫĿӳĵ̫ʦϵŮ˻ޱȣùݷɻ㱼еԲλࡣ
ǻ
Сڸ˹ʵı
ֱһ̣ݷɲеʶǰŮˣȻǸ߸ϵľǴĳƷʾΨһĳƱˣͷ޶
ϼɫ㶣Ӵ𻰵Ѿү룬ȻҲѾͬ˸˹ϵƺˡү¶˵¶ò״ˡ
ݷŻعڵ˵ĸŮ˼һΪ绤̫޶ۡ
ɫ䣬Ǵ˵⻰ģɣǰͣ϶ٻ˰ҲԱ
ֻϧôЩ꣬Ҳֻѧ˵ƤëԾûֶͬΡ
ҵþŵ´϶԰ȶգòֽˡ
ݷȭҧгݵĸйЩִҲ˸ɣ
˶ˣ϶òûԹ˸ʲô¶ɣ
㽫ոǶԹ˼裡
ЦһոһӼⱲҲûмŵµĻᡣ
˸Ǳø˹˶ôԹ˸ޣոޣʲô⣿
ݷɶʱſڽĲ⣺Щ£סţ
ϳǣǿ㲻ЩëƤС¶ƺ͸Ե±Թ
ҵʱ֪ûмȡǸССҴʱ˿̾ͻڽȻ෴ľ
ҵչΪŵͰ欶һأûнʱյķ⣬Ľ͹欻᲻Һһ·
ģ˱ñĶˣñˣ
סŵһֱ˼ңˣҲǾȡ
һϯ˵ùݷƿԣȻͷ
϶˶٣ŻɤȻҶԹ˼ʱӣŷ˵ѱֱԣֻʦǾͿˡ
ݷɵͷԭǻԹѾȫȻɢµĿڵǰսӵΣҪǲ֮صθЩʱսܴ죬Ѿˣ̨ྩ·;ңԶ۳Ͷ١
ˡϴĻ˵ûżȻֻҲٹʣ㲻Ϊ顣
⣬һȥ̨Խӹܹ˸ôһ΢ЩھǣӽҲ
ݷһϣ̨뾩ǧӸףĸӶ˽Ƕټ
Ҫǣ
Ѿû˸ŮҲգ
ݷĿ˸ȰʱʱȤ˿Լ˲Ϳͣɻظϸ˼ھǣ㲻ңվʹ˱
ת۹¡
ҽٰһûϡ
ԭҲЩϺӣ١ʷ˵ÿٿУ¶
ŵ¶Ҳ벻̫绳ϣûıﻵС
֮⣬ϻһĽᣬǾŵ٣Ի죬ǲֳġϻֻи磬޵ľСûˡ
ͻϺӣ˳ɻøŵǸ⡭ʵڲҲ̶á
ݻЩʱΪ
ûãԹϵһϢ
ȶȴ˾ǣұʵ۷Ϊʹͬһ
ٳٲѡʵ۾Ȼʵڽ⡣
ھŵһһ˱ټ빬ʥ֮󣬹ϱ㽥ˣʵ뽫͸ԼҾŻŮ
ŵ±ĸ߶òʤ䷳ʹ淴ͣﻹֻһӵӿԷ
ʢľ޴йͿʼŵӸӵֱŤƲʥ
ǣ˹Դϡʺټ
Ҫ˵£ϱռشΣԸֿǰһӸ壬Ҫ֮֮ȰʺؾŵµԸ
˹ϸ̫߽ƫů󣬻ʺһϮ˸ȹڸס
鲽ߵǰʰ
ʺִָ̧ųĻףеһ˵ơ
ǻѪʱ侲߷֣š䲻䲻̧ȴܵĶԻʺƴӵ̬
ʺһڣһʣûȰŵҪɼ檣
ϣ
ⲻܹɣԴûżйôϹȰôţ
һʱ˿ǣǸԼøϽ˵ȰˣȴڱԼܰѹȫƸŵȥ
ɶԷս̫ǿһŵ¿ܻƵƤϿɾֱ͸ˡ
ҪʱӲͷŵ¹ˣͻᱻϣɨسš
ʺӴ˲صľŵ²ˡ
ĸĻ£˵Ҳ㣬ǵصԼԸϾ̫ѹƻʺ
ʺ潹ƽҲʱʶңȻҪԶӶӽʱգðӦʻ£
΢һüܵԵΪ
ʺһǳ½һֱð檡
ȥ԰޵ͨҲûңôȥ±ضᰲֶ㣬ʱ׽סһ
Ͼ̧֣ͷʺ󣺡ŵֻǲԸ檶ѣۼҾ죬Υʼѵ
ʺüԲŬȰñ¶԰ʧ
óʺԼϾֽ֮λǣǷǣʺҲѴ̡
ֻһһӦŶԻʵ۵Թ߳˹
صԺҾŵԲߣȴ̴ŵ±̽˹ȥˡ
һܾò̫İ
ͤ
ʯСɫȻͽϷӣдϷӡ
Ļ˼Ϸ޲գ۾ͷɹʣµһ˸£ֻҪСκⶼӭж⡣
بǰͷ֪ʲôͷȥԣ⾿᲻ʲôûס
ǰ質ʵϷƻãȥ
֪˶ã㶼䣬һӰȻȺ֮УӹСеĻǹǻǰǹһ㣬ģڳơ
£
϶ʱع񣬹ӣŸջظСǰϷӶϷһƤЦĻ졣
ٲ֪
һԵ̴Ӽ󣬶ʱʮ־ʯæ˼ϣʾӸϽ׼ơ
һͷС˿Ѿˡ
۳ǰһ˫ЦľɫһֱԼС㶰ΣŲΡΡİ˸ƣӼһΣɾ
ŵϹ̨ʶһתǹ˰ٵĳ׼ԧҹʣȸֻºá
ۡϰŵױˣС쿩Ц
ɶ˼ǻԹߣͱЦûӺ

138

ȹվǰŵµ죬ʵ¼橶ˣ
ŵ²ɫһ˿ֽ̧꣬ǹݸת§סϲͤͷߡ
ǣȲȻʺҲ˵¡
һȴٳûлӦϲͷɻ£
¹ǿ۽ǴЦȴԳһ˿룬üС²µˡ
΢üͷС̬ЩʧӼеôҲɣʺ˵
ҪȰ檣ºȻĻסŲһ㺺ʯףתʯϵĹϣպƽ
һ˫һ̩Ȼ̧ϵķ˿
Щ죬Ϊһֱ˵
ѯʱºȻϣǵģ㱻˶ˣ˵
ʱһ⣬ʺ˵Ļʶתͷȴסգѣ𿴡
һͷ̧㼱пŵ¡
˴ӹһ·˸䱸ɭϣôģ
ôôͱϣ
潹ƣŵ¼ȻˣȴʶƣԷ˳ǻˡ
¼Ѿ˷磬Ȼס֫ͽ߽µƾӵ᷿
Ƚڣ̴ӣŴصʵʵŽŵĿ򽭳£ÿŵĿʣˡڡ𣿡
³ǣ̯˫֣üڰ²ǾվƺҲû˾ȵ㡣
£ֱţ˼Цո˵Ļ׽ŪͣͶˣ
ɫⲽߣƿ⻨
ϼæǰС𿪴ѽô죡
ⱻ֦Ҷڵţļڣ˫Цһ°߲Ľâ
²ͷϣ͵ȫϣûжΧϢˣ£ΧûڵûҸ
һȻߵüչô졭
̧ƴŵС״ʥ˼Ƶõ񻹵öء˶ĿⲻȥѹȢҲˣ
Գǣ¶һСһִϴƫԴϷȢҲĻǾ͸¿һ£
Ųӣһİ֣Ȼǿһ£¿ɲܵ棡
Сֱֲ֧ӣ߹
ü̧ͷⶼʲôʱˣôͿЦ
ô죿СԣһҲ޼£ò̫ģʺܿϾˡ֮δƽȺ󱬷ʱߣ㲻ȰɣٶȻ󲻾ñ췴
һϸϸһ룬սԤʱ䣬󲻾ã죬أȷʵһ壬ҵһսۡ
ĽЩĿϲ񲻰ʵ£а췴ǲҲô
ŵüǶԼǳֻԵһ˳е
ϴתĿ⣬췴Ӵ͢»᲻
ĳɨϣõ᲻
ϼæ͵ǵġǱҷ̯Ҫȥʰ˿ڶ࣬һ췴ʮ֮ޡ
ŵ´Ϊ壬ҪǣȴĲ̡
һ㶣գ۾Сû뵽ܺӻе֮ģæ޵֮ʵ֮
ŵҡҡͷȻǰŹ¸ݹսҲǲç췴
˫ɫӿϣЩĶô
ҡҡͷ˸ŵȥһ˽꣬ûǣȻû
ŵɫһ˿꣬ЩѹѹһƬڵϰգˡ
׳ڶΧѸĸ޶м䣬˽˫ЬûУѩص֮ȫѪĽӡĿġ
һϹٱĶͷÿһ׳ŴƵĳͷѪ֮赲ͷˣŵ˾ɢӣ˲ƣ񣬵вǧ
Щˣһֵظ˰͢ǻȥֺڴˣ
ֿ͢ȥᣬռĶЩϰպδ֮У
²ͷϣɫ︡һ˿޴룬ɤ΢Ƶ˵³ʱϰӹΪ콵𣬷׷׷ͬ졣
ֺ뵽ôһǼˣͶ·֮ʣȴֻܡ
ŵµĻ﹣˺䣬˶٣ѹɤս¾ɽۣ֮Ⱥ֪Ӻε֪Լ٣ɢ˶;۷;ɽ£Թ¹ͷȻ졣
ǹ¸ǵĺ
˵꣬ŵ»عͷͼһԱҲѾá족
ϴδѰյĲ״ŵ̸һʱʧأӿ޵۾ˡ
۾ܸۡܲЩ޹ģ̫ˡ
ŵæĺű͵Ϊ֚Lû˳ţ͢ɳļޣӸΣ污Ϣ̸֮
һ̣ǰδеļţδĵֻǰˡ
ǰҲܹТѬգЩȹ뷨Ͼ̫ңԶֻи
˵ԼιԺǻҲѪڣľ
ֱþŵµһϯ̸ϲʶ˵ĸ𡪡
ǿĵǿ̤ϵλʵָ˱Ϊ̤ϵλ
ϺῴŽ£ԽԽΪԼķһԴһǣ£Ҫ
ǳͫһʲô
ϲվȸԾҪ
ǣеĵȴ
Ҫȥһұĺɰϲ
£
ϻ䣬ͼСǳȥ
ôģϲĸǡ䣬ͱŵסһ͵С
߷ĻиҪְ𡣡
æ±ˣ컹أҪָһֻɰھȥ
ŵ죺ԸɰҲԸ˷ѰĹͬһô
﷭˸ۣ㹦򣿵Ҳ̫ǫˡ
Ļûʮ㹦
ȥɰ¾ȥգԸΪɰǶ壿ÿͳһƣ뵽
뵽ǰܾʮأõ
ǻѪʱˣŤŤӵﲻǸɰͷʥϵ˶ţֻܴͷš
ҧ´ǳͫЦеģһۣͷааЦ´ȥ
գգۣͲŲȥȶĿôһײô죿


139 

ײôţС̧ۣһ§ϵļ򣬡ڣ²
һЦվظãͰϣһĽȫ
ֻϧǰ̫ˣŵ²ͬŹֻ֣ա
Ϊһľ󣬹һֱͦһѵػߡ񫣬񱻾ŵôһòҲ˾һ
һ˫Ƶʹµһת⣬㳶Ц£Ѵϣ̸٣ڣôһϽֹһתòã
СЦ۶гߣŹֵ壬µ·ǵ϶೤һڵϣͲ°Žô
ϣ
뵽߲⣬·ǲ
϶ʱǺ״
ŵΪ˳Ϸӣñֻ˳⣬ȥ߷ȡһ׽Ϊװϴϡ
Ȼϵ·СҲ
ھŵԸʵиʽĹȹֻƽմԺ⴩
չϵ뷨ҴҰװ
ϽЩʱջûʼԲ̫
ΪԼװ޳ͦЩӲǰ״̬յô̫
ŵһϮƮݵˮīȹխ硣
ؿϵһҫĿĶԽȹ·Űɫֲͷƣһ˫˿˫ɫܽСѥ
Զ֮衣
潭٣üĵһһεɰ˿ϸϸһ
ܵĲ
֬׶üʲôģԾֱģֱ˷ָ
һԱŷּʣûмŵױԵİ˼üĵĻһţݲչ
ԴӳԷ
Ūķ٣ŷٵĽ£жЩӲڣڴŹԾϸǽʱ޷ڵĵԼķٻɢҡᶪʧ
ԣһ·߱ӳ֮ʱϰھŵϣ˫ֱסĲǶԷĲסԷͷķ١
һּŤһ
ŵԴڹϻϹһԾǽԫϹһԾ
ȫŵأڵµķûҡ
ϽУһ·ɵ۵ϰղŸСֱ֣ͦĽ
ûãϾͽ֣ԸСƣƺûΪһͷʵת䡣
ԾеһͷĴܸУô£
ϲͷԼһصСˡ
˫ɫ漴Ŀ΢һĿڵĿʣôˣ
ͷŤûʲô
ô£أ
ƺһŵ¶סϾͻڶɢ˳ӽϢ޵ֿ֮
һ֮󣬹ϸе꣬ǻԣ
ɫͦţĿΧĻ̯޴ϰչʾԼǡ
ǰͷԶĵطһͷŸĻ̯ΧһȦŽΪʵȺΧš
ǰ
һ¡һ¡ΧŻܵ˲٣ϲȺһŷ֣վżĿĺӡ
Ͳ࣬ǲΪ
ƹǣ̯һߣΧȴѾΧö
ϽͷöҪ˳ȺΧʱһ˫ȴ̽ǰĽǰ˲ǿи˺һ
ϣ
ǰ˱Ƶһ򣬼ԵȺƫߡ
澪ŭĻعͷ
ʶһ󱳸պÿ󽭳»
ǸǳͫˣŵĺӶʱĿò͡
ǩͲŵ¿ۻ̯ǩͲ״ľУȫˣһִڹϼϣҪô
ɫΣ˶ƿˣҲõͷܡ
ѯСǩͲôһˣһУСǮ
С嵶·ǷȴʮͣҲΪţĵ˳Ǹ˼ҵĸС㣬⿪ۣ̽һޡ
϶ʱһüԼѵһ׵ģ
һǩҲҶģ
ȻǮƫü̵óѣЦЦʵǮǳô
СɣһĴԸĻƷεֵȻһӶ㡱˵ͷ
ȻľŵûּۻۣϽˣûעСıۣǰһʵ˵٣
С̧ͷһƣֻһĪϢӭϮܵ·磬漴ɤڵʮģҪϲʮĴߣ
ϣ
ɫּۻۣãСֻһʣ̾Ȼһأ
Ǽ˼
ϻðɣһԵľŵȴӦͳһöСӣСǩͲݸϡ
Сһ㣬̯ͭͷƵŵֱߣһ̧֣͹ߺá
Ⱦŵ»ͷһѾعһ˶Ȼ֣žһϵͭϣЦλǳ£ͼӶ缸ƣ
Ͼü̧ͷͼЦݺݿԼʱʱ泰Ƴ嵶¶
ȭͷһСȴȻ׼ˡ
£ŵĲͷá۸ǡʾ¡
ŵ²һֻסͭĴƣ΢΢˼һ£Ŷ㵱ॵͭϲ㣬͸Ҳ޷ǱŹת
ϼŵµû׷˼ֻԡ
û߼ȴǸ֪˴µλǮɲ۸Ծơ
ƵЦһвҲ٣
Ǹһ˿Ц˵ǿɵ군ˡ
ȴû뵽ŵԺ֮ɫֱӴóһӣ׼ȷ˸ǰ
æסˣ
ϣ
ŵǶӵ̬͸򷢽лƵòмһˡ
껹ϣָͬܵǰͷһСľƹݣѬƲȿζر𡣡
ˣһŵСϾ˼¶ġ
̾Ϣһˣˡ
ӵӵҲɵˡ
һԵͬﻹǰҪ˼æ
˳֮£ʵڽĿ࣬ȨƲС˼ңֻǡûдӻǰ˳ǲģþա
εĽ˾ƹݣָֻ顣
ûҵѬƲȷʵɿڣ
۵ڵĺϺպҲһһҧȥ֭·ζը
˲ͱˣرá
걥Ƭ̣ǣ֣żС
תͬսʱٴײˡ
ֻһأĵǹϣǽֽǵ
߽һƣ֪ļҵСŸѾߣƦ
СЩţ»ƣδ˵ĸ첲üĿĺǳţǹ
Χ·İն˱ߣǶ֪Ƕ˵һǰæĶûС
üɲȥˣȻǾ֮ͣôҲñžŵ³ֹС
ȻڣԵѾȣߵ࣬бһ˫ǳͫϷʵǽǴͬһݵľǮ
ͷЩһ㶣ʱȵʲô¶ʶģ͸һ߶ȥ
ĹԭǣˣɵԷһ˲䣬Ϊ͵ȾԸܵǸܲǵľ
Ʀȴһ֪Ծ֡
һȭͷǰ°ͣȴûٸƵĻᣬȻһȭϡ
һص죬һԵصڵأһ˼״һǰһ㱻̧һ⣬˹ȥ
СѾͷŵþС㼱æֹ
﹧ǰԶ˸л
⣬ԭء
ǹϸɬ̬֮ü򽭳£һĪա
һʱҲ˵ΪʲôתߣһҲͣ
ŵ²뿪شǹĻתҴҸϹϡ
ϣҪȥĶ
ûش˫һߣӿŲҪظ
ľŵɻֳס첲ôˣ
ϻعͷԹո۸ҵʱ򣬿ûôӢ¡
һͷˮǳͫ˭۸㣿
ûţ֪Լɻû
·ƽȻӦ֣Ϊʲôģ
ΪƼ˶Լҷ¶Ľɫɡ
Ҳ֪Сûմǲݵ˼ɾǡܡ
ܾãŵº˭õͦãҲǷϲɵġ
ʱһᣬͻȻԼѹʲô
汯ݿ˫޴ǳͫѹɤҲûʲôüƽϵģ¶Ҳνİɣ

140

һ䣬ϾͱԼˡ
úö˵⻰ʲô
Է׿ںԼ˵жҪ˵ô޿ȡ
治
˫ɫãȻĿ
ȻٸߣҲδܴĦһشŮӵͻ뷨ֱ㶵ѯʣνʲô
ϣ
ȹϻشոձȵѾ鲽
Ϊ׵Ĺɫŵ¸ǰСŮ÷棬ʶ˹գ
ŹƺǴ̽Сϸǰƴǵ֮ͣﲻعһǻм£ʹˣڡ
˵תС

÷ϵŮˣ˳ûܹùͳ̴ѵֹʮ³ç׷ŹϾ£ۼСֲ㣡
ͷŵ÷ϣȻûкֹԼ̴ӵΪֻ¶εںͷ֧
Ȼ˿ڲݡ
ϱѾͷµԿۣͷɫǵݲ͸¶λҪټ档
ѾͷԾɲϰݣڵۼС㲻ʶϣиɣ
ôƤҩƵã
ϸüͷͱǣס
̧ͷͼ²澣ˡ
ǡ
̴һ㶣ȻԶɵȴģСۼСֻǡ
˫ɫӷаɨһۣɤԴһɲǵʡ
ɫϿʲôֻԼһдġ֡
澱εѹŵһ飬ס˿ڣҼЩҧͷ
÷ϱһͷˮԭеϣҲˡ׿ڷ顱ֻò߶Ŷλˡ
ȫͣˣϿǸСһѱ̴ӡ
ڣͱǣ֣ȥ
˹սһСͬ
ת÷糵ƵãԼһʱʧ̬еֻܰСҪ׷
Ǻźһ·ϣԵСһֱ̽Ŀбʱٴ׷ʵո˵ʲôν
ϱͷҪӱܣǡƼһԵĻǽשϣ̸ڵĿһƬде
һشٺɫ꣬׹ïʢ֦ҶϣƬΧǽʵʵʮĿ
ϵתŲߵһԻǰһڱǼᡣ
еĽɬжʱɢȻŵ׷ʣɴ˵ס
ŤĿڵ£ܾãʱûô͡
˵ͺͷȴٳٵȲ˵ĻӦϽŵת̧ͷ
ͼһ㵵Ŀ
϶ʱ̵ˣĿֱҪϽܿͷ
񻰶ˣҪҲһζˣ
׳ŵ̧ͷٴʣǲĵģ
ŵ΢ɲĳ˳飬˫ĶŹϣ֣صĻش𣺡ϣѾɻˡ
Ťķɻֲܴңǲ⣬˭һ
³ˣüŵĵ춼ϹĥЩʲô
һݣ°ͣ׳ŵӿߵôĽ£ȴһֱòµĻӦʧ⣡
ɫϾƫͷҪôܸܵӦ
ԼǩͲĵĽͣƩ͸ֻǩͲرģظָһǸ⣬ҲܸеͶİӦ
£
ϣ𣿡
üң°ͼָָ嵶ǰѵҲǹģĹƷŵáһ¡
˶٣СΪǧİٶǸ⣬Ǿˡ
򣬹¾͸ܲĻӦ
ǰһڣ̸ߵ˶ôѹͨ
æֽ͵˼͵˼ǣõԵȵĸӦǽǮ񣬲ôģ
Ҳ֪ô㣿ǰ˫ɫӶʱʤЦ⣬ߴǣа٣Ļꡣ
һʱ˵һָܣֻӦûʵʣѺʵĴȷ
ϿŵȷʵרʹͲϣӦڴϺͷʱҲ˵١
Ǿáȱ˵ʲô
ϲ䣬أԼеĴŸ׼磬δüڣƼĺͬڣһȺˡ
ͷȥһ۾ƼһȺ׳ǰͷһºѥŮ
ȶ
϶ʱֽűʲôʲô
Уһѳסŵǰ͵ؽԷѹǴï֮ܵУ
ŵͷһرôеķѹ۷Źɬʲô
컯յģ̫̼˰ɣ
æСȶˣȶˣ
ŵŲͷԶˣԩ·խ
۳ȺѸٽӽ͵һСͺܣ£ܣ
ŵ±е÷۾ˣʶתȾܣ
ôһ󶯾ȶע⵽жˡ
ͷȥͼһϮˮīȹ޳ӰƵóͷ·ӡ
ȶüվס
һеľŵºȻع
ΪʲôҪܣ
óƷʾŸ幫Ȼͷܣֱûڡ
ƺӱԸѾ˿ڹϰߡ
һż۶¶ִ˼
Ҫˡ
ŵһ׼Ļعͷ棬ȴϣİȶȻȵʲôˣһ
Ƿ蹫ȻûϳԼݣ
ǧͷջһ仰ɵģ
һݣܣ
İȶʼ˷Ż˽Ųлͷ֮⣬ȴû뵽һ˲ǻһûӰˡ
ֱѸ磡
ȶĿɿڴݴлиͬתͷĿ⵶Ƶÿȥͼһ޹վԭأԼ
㣿ȶ߹ȥüɻʵ˭Ϊʲôһܣǲɵңˣ
ϣ
ȶûŵ̷ȹĴ磬һʱûǴ롣
ֻõĻظˣֻҵһ̴ӣǡɼŻظȥˡ
ȶʹӣҲû׷ϾȲĴ̽ô䣿û㣿
ʻȻżֻζȶͲþŵһձһնԹ䵭
ϲŲæ΢ЦӦлģҷڸд񡣡
νȻ˶Էߡ
ȶ̳Ĺĵĵһۣ޺޵Ŀڣ˶µҶˣ
ʲôɱ˾ŵ£һ죬˶ףҲĶԴŵµˣ
죬λֵԺηˡ
ֱ޷öֱͣһٶڣȥͲ¾ŵǣ˳Ц
ȶʱһ㶣ɫЩ壬ֻ߳ŭһϲ
ϸһּȶȻתͷԼ
ȶɻĿôһ
ɫ΢죬ĵԭ˸Ʒģɲɢˡ
ȶûػֺ
һ㶣Ⱥģ
ɵģƺˣթ
ȶԸЩڣСϰ̻ľ󣬲ǱЩ³ľꡣ
ôƷڽϣȻʶ뻤ȫ
ɵߵȾԼʱѾˣջسԵ̫
ȶֻĵ˹һۣתͷƵˡ
´˿ڵĹսǴš
ûһͼȶĹĵĳͷŵԾĿԶȥ

141 

ǣϱĶţֱԶϵĳĶţһ·ల»ص
ſڵձǰתлŷ֣һ߸ͷĻɫԵúܲȻ
תǻƵһڡ
Ǹľ׳ŮƷͣһ˫ӥϸֻŵƤװ׳ĸ첲㡣¶⣬ƤɢеĹͭɫ
֪ķ֣ŮȻ鲻ԽɢϢأĿȻ
ǳ˳飬ͷһӦΪԼİջ𣬶š
һôľڶ飬ԼȻ˿û
ǲǱСڵľˣ
ŵƽնʱɢĳƷϢжŨҲᡣ
żƢʱɢЩϢܽɢϢأѹƵʣ
ڴԵϢطΧڣǹӦٶ۵ԭ
ϺȻܿµ뷨䣬ǲֻʣСܹˣ
һ˲ͱԼĪͷߵͨ죬ƲתҴƹձڻ˸
һ·ϣŷûдԸСԺꡣ
ܵԺǰĻȱߣӭů̧ʹŷ̵Ск޺޵ૣС
䣬һֻǽڷ־̽һӵݵǰ
һϸͼǰǵӵϣƮݵĹ们һأ¶᾵ǣ⻬
ⲻСĸ첲𡭡
Ϥɤ漴ͷʲô˵ȶô
Ͽ̧ԴͼϢԣƫԴһ˫ɫһĶ
ϣ
գգ۾ĵȴ𰸡
ϼæӦԣ˵ľǰȶºʱģôԺ
һ·صĸ
ϣ
ҲβҲ˽˵Сˡ
ھŵһԸСԸûжԺͷҲñƳնʾˡ
**
ת۵ĩСָ̫һֻģ֮ǰŵ³ԴסߡֻˣѧʱʱðһС
ϸȡ˸֣С²ĶŪ˼գиȴʼն
ƺǳϣСֻܴʱܵĵ˳˿ڵʫʣ츳оǳ͵ġ
ҲԼǷȱѵı£Ծβи
СϾʱҲһ԰Ŀѵսôŵġ
ϣСס
иĬȻͷԼһȾëûҪ˼
ƶ᣺Сԣ
иƺظ򵥵ȼ𿪿ڵëת߰ͷƴ
ŵ¼״ǳͫһֱ𱳼Ρ
ϸǼúۿȲĶʾĿͣ
и簺ͦأŹϺһ䣺Ǳҹϸ
ϣ
ⶼĶĶ
ɵǲǶʲô⣿
ϴ͵תͷСô
СѾ⧲ϵġѵɹЦһ̧֣űԴο̵Ĵʻ̫ͣҪִԡ
ҧгݰСƳ˷ţĶֻͬģչһһĽ
ûգУ˾Ҫ
ǡɣҲڵմӹӣԼպ˹ȥɢġ
Ӧʣǲ˻š
ԭСһȥ˹ģֵ·;סڣջǾɢģ빫͡
ϵҲͬУֻССһ˸
ֻвһʱ䣬Ҫžŵ°ȻȹһѷĿܡ
պ󣬹ϵĳڳſ˹ϡ
һӣϣҲˡ
Ƶ֣㷲
ÿһֻʣθУҲδ̫ܵȰϼ䡣
˵˽̴Ӱӣרѵһ׹ߣźܼªʵҲΪǲֶġ
˹˳
ϳŵ빬̽ԶҲս磬δѣ첲ǵһ߽
˹ڹղϺܿϲǣҲϲٲȻһɵõɮļơ
ΪѾ󳹴ˣɴһˣ˹Ըͻ¶ڣͻҪǵϺӾͺˣԹ̫ҽҲҩ
⻰ܱߣԼûºӣõɮûġ
˹һĽȥתͷ߶߶Ŀʼӡ£ÿضùϿֱЦ
Ц֮ޱȳصʧֽ
ɲΪԾ᲻÷ſ
˴ԶԹȥĻ벻ʣƫƫһȥˣôڻ޷ͷ
᲻ö»䣬߲ûδ
ҲѾڵ֪ʵˡ
Ͻ߾ܵЦ֣뻽һ˿ޣͳһѸճСӣѩëССһţֻֿ
һֱֵ󣬽橻Ϣ
ҵʱϽһ˵
˹սСϴŸ壬֪ͷȰ˵
᲻صĺѹ󣬽⣬ŵһЩ
û̫࣬ʲôʵش𣬺˵һЩϵĵϸϾװһŲ֪
ʱֿʼŵ˵ú
΢ɲһü
ϻʱѾ˵úûʲôúܿģֱٿҲûˡ
Ϊ˽ϵģûп¶ԼԾŵµĸ顣
ǵ˵ס
£̧ͷаǸ⣬ȴޱȼᶨ϶úܺãûѾŵ¡
ϷĿһĬƬ̣ƺе˼ɤ̽Ǹʱӣòǰί
µȭͷһᶨ£ǽµӣԴΪ٣ίԡ
Ŀ΢΢תãЦһӣҲ
ûʲôӡɤϣԲ޸㣬ȴ㡣Լ̫Ϳ⡣
ٱ֮ĹҲ˵ֻܺúöȹӣһ氮ˡ
˫Ŀ˵ʲô
̹ȻڣԲҰǾŵ¡
ϳãͷЦһǰűô˵ģ
̷ϣûУҰ£ǰԼ̫Ϳ̫㡣
ûΪһر룬±ӣ±ӣ롣
Ǽ䣬·ȫѪҺ˱ŵĿϣȭͷճͻǼϲ˷·Ҫѡ
ܡϳһãӾһ˿ϣ͵ĿŹϵ֪ռ㣬ʶѾȡϣǺеĸ飬ȫǼ󣡡
һסϵļǳѪ˿ŵýʧ̬ȫǼٵģνĸ飬ֻҪһҩȫϴ㶮𣡡
̧ѶԷնǼ󣬾ŵûбʲô£Լ֮ԸռС
ϵȻȥ˷·˲ήһ˫нľķĿ͵ĶŹϣãɤƵҲˣ
һü£Ҷ㡭
ϿЦŴĻһıġ
ϣѹвУϺüĿǰˣ޿̵˺ڻ̹ûΪλǮȨƶ㣡
ޣˣһĸ
ǣΪԼֵ֣
ϣǸˣΪʲôǵͬ
ˣΪʸȨƶǸý߾ܵİø֣
ЩH¶Ϊ˭ΪĸΪп˶¹򣿻ֻΪһ
Ҹ㣬ȨƽǮܻĴӵһĶֵ
ֶεĶȡǸλӣɹˣҲָıҵľֻЩ̰Ľٵ˲Ż˶
˫ȭ˵һ䣺ҹϣⱲӶ㣡

142 

˲žɱһɶȻĺ˹Ϣ˹ϡ
ǰͬǸѪԺö˵ĻʾǸκ軰ºʹ֮ʥˡ
ԣϵˣעŽ˺һС
һͷȥС
ʶ̧ܵĿл˻ӣŷԼ˿Ȼһ
ǰŭڵĽȴȻЦˣǿЦҲЦЦһɣԳ
ңǲǰŶ˵ʲô˵̰īܻߣ
ϵش𣺡һҶ֪ˣŵûңҲûϽҷ㣬ݣ㲻һٴ
ЦһӸ¿ãҪôġ𣿡
ϱͷ뿴˫Ŀɣľ
һڣѹۿ˵Щ׵ʱͶס
ʵأЩڿ˵ŲҪȥȡȨƵλˣվǻΪȨƵλң
άֹӼõĻʾȴΪҹֱΪ񡢲ͨͶս䡢á
ҲţֻҪԺһǰʹͨҲͬƷʸ߽ԸΪ顣
ɴֵģǡǡЩƴȫҪסġ֮
긴һ꣬е뱳ѶףԼǻЩТʫʵʵĻܲİභ֮У
Ȩƣһ¡ͨһҪԺΥ
й򣬶Щľ˶µģûȨƣÿЦɣȥлЩ𣡡
ü̧ͷѡۣͬ
ϻ˱ۣü֮֮ұǵĹ򣬲ܵõߵȨԴմǣԼ¹ֻϧ㲻Ըҡ
ްȥһŨгؿڣǰȰͷġ
ϲǺӣǲ£˵Ϊ̫£̫Щʲôھٲά衢޵УѡһķʽɱһѪ·
ӾĶħһ̣ѾԼزͷˣֻɱڰΧؼ
̬ϣ͹Ъ˹ѣһޡ
ͱ㴰ֽһˣǾͽԴϲǱסˣֻ˺۵Զ£һҩɱһǧ˰˰١
ǵùЩģ˵Ļȫ˵ˣȴȰͷǾˡ
ϴ˫ǿķĿпź˳˺õǵڶ
˭Ҳû˵˭
һܺá¶ûɣҲڣϲŭɫ
ʹùѪͷʱԾϡ
ҪڽϣƬеĻľܱȻ˦һ䡰ٲҪ㣡ǰðѹϼҵӶɷģ¶ҹˡ
ɽϲͬʲô뷨
ϲ֪Լ̯˵¶ʲôƲߣҲ֪ϻ᲻Ǻֻһһ
ʱ򣬹㷲Ļ˸˹鶼ûˡ
صСԺССͤؼң̤ʵһЩ
ϳȥһ죬С϶ûιиʳ
СڼꤵĵȴУ˾ĺãһϻͳɤӺ
裡Сֲ֧Ľһ䡣
Ϸ˸ۣëˮ߽ԷȡһѶƲನĻ̾ŵ¸ŮСιʳ
ҹμŵ¶ԾľѩǽѪģЦձò԰׷࣬ʳѪᡣ
͵һƬڰдصĴϢ
ѵľŵԺĸãȻϣ
ֽű˫ֺʮǰĬĬ棺汣ӣֻݡ
عͷϽӦ΢һԵĽעϵļ·һ㵭Ĺ⻪ڰԾĿֻһ˫ɫ쳣ͣȻû˯ѡ
¡ŵµ֣ݵˣȥС㣬ܲһ𣿡
´͵ĵͷ˵á
ȥ͵ؾѣһס֣˵ڣ
ϼ͵ǰ
ŵ±˵ˣҲóʹѣȰʱ㣿ܻû˯ѡ
ϲţѪƵʰ룬Ű״̬Сȥ԰ķСԺ
ڷǰϣϱ۾ϵ˵ԸƩ硰ϣ̩񰲣ʢ¡֮ģȻСļһ䣺ϣĵĻʾѵܹͬġ
ڷǰʾŵҪ㡰лú˵ǧ֡
˵ȥԵˡ
СվŴһ̱ĵȴԸϣҲ֪ûС
ϲģֻýӶظǼԸŵԾɫֻͣתͷЦʵ£˵𣿡
ŵ汯룬Ҫ飬ǫָ́ű𣺡ûꣿҹģûпţ
ɱ˫۳ڴˮĻ˵ڣ»ЭԴͷġ
Ż˯̤ʵˡ
ڶ˯Ͳ𴲣ʱֽбĿɫζ
ϱЩ飬ΪԸϹڵǸȴŵĿڣ㾿ڵʲô£
һ⣬Ҫ˵ԼΪϵδǣ»õһ״ף
ǻĻﲻҳڣɵƺ«
¼״ٶʣ³Ľë԰ɣһ´ȥˡ
۾ʣ˭
˫ǳͫбǸЦ˾֪
ϸӲˣݲţϳŵ³
һ·ţƹɽ·һƧϿȡ
˳һߵһǰ
ͨµڣҿǣͷƣס
ŵȥͷкһԶĻʱշתصĴ˳
˵ġ
̧ͷ򽭳£ӵʣʲôطѽͲȥ
ԾһصЦЦһڣֵݸϣ㣬Ͳˡ
ͷббսڣ˫ǳͫڰӰ֮£ˣĵȴ·£еů⣬ָ޳
ǱεǣţԼȫȻŽ˵УޱȰġ
߹ޱ߼ʵĺڰϿԣһ䳱ʪȴǿŵġ
һֱߵһ΢ŵƻǰһ˲ͣ˽Ų
¹ܾſԺƬ̣ԼȽš
ȻһƼŵﱻŮ˾Ϳʼֵļ
ɲǼ䱻ɤһ㶣ŵĺ˼
Ů˷Ƶ㿪¿첽ߵԣʳָߣ꣬㲻
Ů˾ŵĲͷϢߵԵӰ
һžµ⧲Ծɫﺬ˵Ц⣬һʱΪԼǰȫġ
þò˼ҶС㣬µˣǹ¡

143 

ƧϵĺշתڿյİУš
Ǿ䡰˼ҶС㡱Ҳη˹ϵĶУͬէ졣
ϵʱɤۣ֫ٺѪҺ·˲ӿؿڣֽŽ÷һں˰죬ŲΡΡĳڣ¡
ȻͽҪ
ŵܳƼѾŵòӶתˣæǰ
ȵĿ־һ㹦򣬹ֻܿС΢̵Ĵǽǰʱʱ֣˵Ļȴһ壬Ϊһס
ʼսֱĸʯƵãСڸǰߺ߱߳ûڡ
ڽ־ƲԹʲô˰ɱŻ͡
°ۿ͵֮ǰ͸˵ŮûֻǹװŪ㡣
ԴüץˣΪʲôЩͣ
Сüεų
欱ŵ¹ţܼңҲˣʡĳйϲûҪ֪
ʱ£ֿʼΣŵΪ˼ڼ¶ϣֻþĴƻˡ
ڸ̹׸ȥ欣˳ŵòϳţԸɴൽſ쵶ն顣
ȴϣſڣҲҽȥקžŵ¾Ҫظ
û͹Ǹʯĳһ˱ⰵյĵ֮ãʲôģ
Ѱɱ˵Ҳˡ
գĹȿ˿ڣ˭ǲǸЦ
欵ɤѾ˻ѱ棬ȴԴϤǹùϻһ˵ĺӹ
Ӧʹһİƣ欵ĳҲ֮
˦һƣŵɤ𣺡ö
һʾĳù侲еηҲɢһ߽
ͷľ󲢲ңȻпܵ˻մܲңֻһʣʣűߣȻʡ
欽Ŵصϴɢͷȴ㰹࣬ûʲôˣֻϸʵĺָӡǱ͵һơ
Ψһûģ˫޵˫ۣŹϵĿ⣬˿ĴǰԹ֮ɫ
û뵽ܼ㡣ƽ
Цһòŵ̫磬аܿͻңޣδĻϣϻҳȥȻһųն
ҲЦЦû˻㣬ȥǲˣһ˶ϣҵǿ¿
Żңָ̧ŹˣҪǸɱңֺαغóԺúȵĹңǣǺ³аҵ䣡ʱһӲ
ϳǣ欣㣬Һ֣صǸֻҪֻڹĳģһԸʹ졣
Ȼ㻹㣬Űɣⰵյĵζ
˫ĿٶŲλɤӳ¼ӣϸƷʾɪĵطԳҶˣǸ幫Ҳ˰ɣ޽ƾ㣬סõĶ裿
ϵͷöòģ۾ưɣģǰһһ̡
˵ͷҲص欱һ
ߺһİٴ쳹ԹȻֹתɰԹ
ⳡţĵĿ־ڱγһͶ뵽ػŵµУʼӾŵ̽һлᡣ
**
Լܾ֮ڹл̻̲գһ죬ֵõ˾ŵµϢ
ϢȴǴӽõġ
һⵥż㣬ֻд򵥵ĺѣרʺͰ˹
ȷʵǾŵµּ
ż㱾ҲѰѰǣΪʲôĳ빬ţɶԽУ
Դˣû͸¶Եɡ
ҲʣΪŵ˽ɣ빬ʱ˳ŵҲûʲôס
ȻĴžȻأңúͱϸ֪ͨŵ£⴫
ԽɻˣͨΪλ⴫ڰ಻סϴԵɡ
֮Ҷƾ˼Σ͵ı£̴ӣ͵͵¶ˡʵ顱
ǾŽ̽㣬ֻ˽ҽת㡣
ش֡
һֱãǸĺӣҶŮģÿ̽϶ᾫ׼һѶ˹ĵľϲʲôɣӰ̽ĸŮ
ôܣɻĿŽϣ˵ϲԸĸŮӴ
ƽעҡҡͷ˵ĺ塣
ΪΣü¿ˣ
ϳ̾ϢһεĿڣ˵ģϾ٣š͵Ů˼̫԰ſ̫ƣ޽ŸҲŵҲš
ϵĻ㵽ΪֹʣµġζԸᡣ
⻰˵Ĳޣ˵ƶʣ˼ǡŵ²ȢΪʵھϡ
ô¶ŵ²ܼʲôͲѲ²ˡ
ֻƬ̣Ȼ򡪡ǹϹӾŵ½̽
Ҳ߯ˣȻŭİǳô˵ҲǾŵµĸˣܶԸδɵ˼ɣ
ϼæǰȰοﲻҪŭ
ܲŭ֮Ҫͽŵ£һΪǰָƷʾ԰ꡣ
ΪԼŮǾŵ¾ͻģҲԽµ
һԭΪֻʺ󣬺ߥ޻ʵŵΪѾ¶ˣȻȻסδĴɽ
ڽϰʾϵ붼úëըԹĪݸеջ֮
뵽̽桰鲻СľŵĸŮǸֱŭɶ
û뵽ᣬĻȻ֮أ
ҹҹշת࣬һձһ޹ϣȴֶԾŵµԶе̿־
Ѿ˼Žŵϴ֮λδĻʺȴĽ٣µ۵ǻ֮㣿
ʹļס
˼ǰһ뽭ԤнȻͬľҪŬΪŵЧңóĻȡԷΡ
ڻаٰ¶ԼĴȰ֮ģѪȴɷѿĵĺš
һʮţݸʱĵ
ֻϧûŵС
һʼеżͶǽһαġ
µǽְֽ̳ģʮͷͻͣôġ˵Ǽ졣
ԭֻ뽭µĹϵͼڲԼЧ
ȴû뵽Ů˾ȻԽ˵Ĺ
ӣصΪСЧҡаޣ鷿Ŀ
յٴл졪
ϷĿȻѹֲסķŭɵһֱߣһץĻţ˺٣ȴһ١
ٴϸһϵݣĿⶸȻһݣһơ
ζ£ڵͫһ˿̣ǱϾãδ꣬ôδ̡̫
תһ룬ǽ²ȣ˱һУûиһ˿һĴۣѵҲǸõġ
ѶٴһĻţĥīʣõαһš

144 

ϵսϡ٣ϸеĪĲ
еļԼҲǳ԰˹ıī·һҹ䣬ٰŵµ̽ˡ
ŹֵǣϽȥ֪̽ǲǴܾ̬ԳЩ飬ĿеЦȴȴǰԶࡣ
˹ûʲô仯
ϻڸԼǾŵ⼸գžŵһ
һ֮̽£ϸǵսľ
žŵµĿ⣬еñȴǰ⣬ɫз·ѹĳֲڵܡ
ǿҵĲùϵľı˼£ˣ£Խƴǣûȥ̽ĸŮ
ת۵˳
Сһһùϵ˵˼Ȳ١ʷŮ״Ƿʡ
ϱ˽׼УȻˣٸŵһϲ
ŮٽϢմǰԺŵ¾ʹҴҸԺѯԵɣΪ岻ʡ
ֻöԾŵ̹ףҽԸ״̬Σԣͻܻǵĺˣ
һϲԲزɥ
ŵ»˱ۣǽض
ѽͿ
²Ůټɫû󣬾Цɫʱˡ
һ⻰ɽҰĻϲ̵ҧ´ͷŵ¡
Ա߶и磬ﾲ׺ůŮٵĻͷӭŹϵĿ⣬Ц
ߴסЦ˰ܴе߷ַ绪ˣ
ŮٴʱѾӾϷ˶ߡôһӱͿյ״̬
ŮʣзϣǷȱˣ
Ĺһ⣬Ҳ¶ˣôһֱŰɣ
һԾŵɫϵת߹ĵĶŮٱ̬ÿֻһΡ
ÿˣȷʵÿһΣСƺãֻҪҲһΣԡ
Ůٺɵѯʣ֪һγҵóãǷóԵ
ŵü壬ǳͫз·ۼǹ⣬רעĴıƶĻش𣺡ϲ
ŮٱɫԻˣˡ
նԹ¶֮ɫһԵиȻѧסϽкɤƴ²Ҫˣ²ҪˣͲˣ
һٲ˾ŵĻԣ
Ů٣
úٴΣֻѧΩΩФ
ϣ
Ժôˣ˰
ŵ£
͸ðɵȵġ
պ󣬹յһΥĽ;ŵ£һͬ빬𻰡
һ빬Ѿʱá
˹һֱŹܻϺӣԼȴԸ
һ˼Ӧȴǽŵѣڶն빬Լ׼еľԸ֪˹
˹ĻˣػԳʱõģ
ƺǰѹϵѾ̥ĸףƫһ·Բ
ŷ˵Ƶãǰ̫ʦϼ棬׼
ЦԷǣŸеľӻûӰأʲôñŵģ
˹һ綼üɫ裬ϲĸ̸һңɼļƻ
红ڼ·ݺʣСǶʲôãԸι̻
ϱͷתȴΪѵõĻеο
δʱң˺Ȼݵ˹ӭӡ
ɫԳЩΣ̧ͷϵĿ⡣
ڽƺѰ𻰣ֻǺ䣬ͬȥů
˹һֱŹ̸ʱị̃ۼͷ׹ֻķ
ǰϺһҪͷһ֪ͨң
ӦʣĽΪĸҸг˹š
ǰȴϤɤ
ϡ
΢һ飬üͷٴɫŵЦתĶʺ
ǰһСܽһ˵𣿡
ʶ˺һлֱ˵ɡ
һŭ˫Ŀһ֮¶̬֮
Ͼҿ˿ѹɤмҵøѣйء
΢΢һŵйأ
ԥƬ̣ǸŽϹսŵĽ¥
ŵôˣһվϱҴҿѯʡ
ϿóǰŮˣﶼֻʣ°һˣٲľ顣
еʹཥȼԹޣȴԾº޲ϴͳһƴӵִֵݸ˹ϣ㿴
ɻĿ˿ϣֽӹִϸһÿĿԲı䣬һ顣
ϱʱȵ̧ͷǱʮִ
ĬȻͷ
ʱüִݻϣϽͻϣ
ʮΣʵ۲ʹ͸ʾ
Ǳ˷ˣС˵Խ˵ͼı֪ǴѰá
ûнӻأǳѵⲻǸʵִϸͷϵĿ֡
ɻˣִߣϸһһ˫۶ʱɵùԲ·׺䶥
ͷϣȻŸ֡

Դ˵һ죬Ѫɫʾ澪ֵĵϣʲôʲôⲻǾŵµģ
侲һ㡣ɫԳһ˿ǣ͵ʲôֺα⽫㣿⴮Ҵİзֵġ
üһͷˮĿŽϣͬǯһˡ
ڱʮϿ̷ţбıΪʲôҪ£
⾿ô£Ѳ޻ŵ£Ŀ̡
̾ϢһĽ͵˵ûлʾӣ඼һλʾΪ̣һֱ϶İţҲ֪
ɽЩʱհһֱ̽صһ˽תš
ҲɫѰһʱͿʲô£һͼ˰ͷһźһ
ҿţ⴮Լ԰ŵҳġ
Ͻ侲ɻ󲻶ϣҪתƷΪʲôƫƫҪ֣֮
ΪãʵҲĶ֣ҪͶ£ôҲνϡ
еĻӲϵĴ⣬漴ӻͳһţݸϵǲţûȥϸԱּǷǰյĽּǺϡ
뼫ȵĻ֮̿У߶½ӹţ̧ͷĿϣȻǣȴ̹ȻҲ֪ôл㡣
ãһȻЦ⣺ͰŶⱲˣ뿪ˣֻҪܰĹӣҲ󡣡
Եͷ֪λش
ϵͷ˿鴮ŵܴ׵ǲ㣬ҵطڵ
Ͼ̧ͷһۣСԼлл㣬ϡ
΢ɲǣµϲܰѽµİѱĽˣ䣬Ŀ͹ϳظ

145

صһ·ֱǰԺȴ˵ŵѾܻʺټ˸
ϻ겻ǰԺⲽȲ˹㼲ţԼԺӡ
һԷ澡
ﴧһźһѾȲȰѶȫˣٵȾŵ»ظԲߡ
ʯշԸҲ򷢳ţϹغŴæóһ顣
ڼȵĽţÿֶϵãȻʲô˼ϼñ۾ۣ˳һ飬ڲְŶˡ
ּѾ˶ˣҲûǸ·ֱ٣˶Աȡ
мǷļʾ䣬Ѿŵùǰ󷢺ڡ
ǷȻ˵աŵµҪжֱ嶤ı
ǹαţӶŵ³ʱûн̽
ɾڣʯ
ûʱ룬ŵݵʱԥһ£Լյţٵϴ֤ݣòõȾŵ»飿
ļɹǣڻⲽֳ⺰һ䣺ǲȥԺţһ
ͷӦǡ
ԷȴƬ̡
ʱ䱻޳˶ãҲȥˣȻľȻ֤
˺СһջٵģղȫģûǯŻ𻯳ɻҽһƬмû¡
Ǵð졣
⴮˵ˣڶѡ
ڻϿ죬óһƣӲֻЩ仯ɫûı䣬ͣڿûһһӻģ
Դֱ죬ǰҪҪæܵϲü
ӻˮȴκβ˱ȥ˰æ
ϴ⣬㽫ϴ멣׼
յԺſڣȴǰԺС̫༱Żŵͨӣʺ빬
ڣϴʧɫⶼʱˣʲô£
ϼýͷöֲǳƷʾʺ٣ĸҽƴǣ
۾Ƽ̫๭ű鲽СԺϣһһߵƮ
ϴ첲ŵ÷飬Ȼ𣬷ǰԺĳ˵ŵҲڻʺ
ǺȻץס˾ݣֻҪܼŽ£һѾͻӭж⣬׼ȥ
Żݻѵʱ䣬ϰֵӣؽ˴µ
ǰԸʯغԷ˭Ҳȥ
ϱŮ䣬ؾصĸʺ밲ʱŸĴѰŵµӰ
¾ڻʺֵȦϣԹϽݺĿһֱ׷ɱϾĸǰҲδк
ŵֻһŲ輸
ΪŽ£ľܰһĿ⣬ѹֵĿ־뾪ŷ·բƵãۿһ¾ͺˡ
ϼæ룬ͷһڣʧ̬
漴վߵǰָסֱƺҪȡеĲ豭
һůֱӿϲ̧ۣĿԵ˲䣬µɫôôѿ
ϸɬ촽΢΢ţ֪Լڵɫʲôܲµó
΢ŵɤش£ʲôʱܻȥм¸˵
΢΢תûлش˳ƽӹĲ룬ֱݵһԹŮУԸˡ
Ůһڵ衣
ӴʺڿڣõЦĸҲ֪Ľ˭أ
²ͷ˻ʺһۣ𴽽ǣֻһԿƵ΢Ц
ʺȰַ̧Ըˣϲ˰ա
϶ʱе̧ͷ򽭳£ɲţþŵ¸Ͻƴǣظ
´˿Ѿ
ʺһƺǣסԼˣʺǳĳԭ˸ָʹ
ȻδԵɣԿ϶ղʲôɣȫˡ
ֻӣſʺ«ʲôҩ
һųԵʳ֪ζϼʣŵµעҲһֱϡ
ʺȻȻҲӪĵѹ֮УȻ¿ѯʣĸ󣬸ʲôʱߣ
ʺʱһ¶֮ɫ
˺ǲ㴰ֽˡ
ʺʵҲһͷˮʵۺȻּȺ;ã޷йغ׹顣
ɱôһʣʺЩˣͷʶԷô֪㸸ģǲǷʲôˣ
´ϵʪϸɾ죬ĬƬ̣ش𣺡ĸϢ۷ʲô£ҲҪȹ֪
⻰һʺ͹϶ʱˡ
ʲô˼
£
ʺ̵Բ۾Ž£ʲôˣ
ģü壬Ȼǰ̱Ůˣ˳Ǳĸ˸Ӱһûʲô˵ģʲô
Ͻס˫۶Ž£촽⶯˵£ȴֲҵŻʺ档
ƺеĿֻţϣסצӣٵһڣɫӹһ˿żǰ°ιСȥҲ
ϼᶼˣĻ˼ЦŻȥŻʺһ˵ͷʹ١
ŵϣʵ۵ټˡ
Ϻͻʺ޲ðڽһţվܵ飬ֻžŵ߳š
һ·׷ǬŹſڣҽгֻܶŽµıӰСૣ͵
**
ŵ±һţɨڳλϣԼƸеʮλԹ١
ϾڸߣǰŸɪɪŮˣ
ͷιˣǹе̴ӡ
̿治С
߽δü񣬻ʵ۾ͳһϵһţͷ򽭳¡
²Ųæţֽɨһϵݡ
ʵѹŭ޽ͽ͡
ۿһվŵĽϣʼϢŭֶǶģܵöԽ͡
ڶʱȻ˽
ʵ۵ƫСʾģһ⻰۾ɵĿվŵĽϡ
ϵת죬Ѿȳ´Ѳһоͻˮʯ
üϣôˮʯ֮ǰ÷Ͷһǰ飬»治֪
òЦЦдԸˣ鵽֤˵һ˵
ת˵βᵳ˽ͨľԼʮӵĹľ
̬ɢ߿ֵָϣûκηɫ糣תߵǰϥ׹ԣϸѯʣЩдģ
ϵױݶ޻ˣľګתͷŵ£һ£ͷأ޺Բ𣡶ԲŴģº޹ϵ
𼱡·磬ʵЩ˭ģ
šȻʻòŽƱˣΪ˶ĿҶΣ㴫ţҺ뵽㹴
˲£˭ܽӴЩżǴ󡣡
²ŭЦƫԴۣ㴫ţ⻹дǻøʴİȫء
ʵϰԼСʾһɢЦģ۶¶ӾŻŮ˵ƺЦ
еգҲⲻ̫ҵĶŶ
ԭ˾ûΪʲôҪ¡
֪λʾʼǽ״̬
һƬŵ¶£ڰ׸ĲҪȴܳӽᵳı
ƾʵݶǰǵαװ޻װ
ѳǴʮӣǾȷʵ֤ȷˡ
С׽͸磬ֳ¶ƺҲ֡
ϿóǰľŻøû¶¡
ûԽµԴϣϸ죬ھ˾ġˮʯ
ʱ⴫һȺʼеӲ
ţƷٷĽָʹų߳ľ䣬̤ϥǰϣֻľǴ԰ˮԷѳͷһͼǺϡ
ѲǼԷʱܵŮҵķ˵Ӳ׼κڡ
˵ָ꣬ʹƿľ䣬еС̫࣬ʾʥϡ
ʵ۽ӹ鴮ٵǰϸϸͷϵĿ֣ʱİ
ƫŻŮκ⺢ӴСͲʡģ¹ŹѲ⡪
һ١ʷ͵ȹУһһؾȴڻʺǧ֮գǿռһݵͼӾ֮Ů
ףʵ⽫ʵŻŮ£ȴǿӲƾܡ
񣬻ʵѾ̫͵ϵگд˾ŻŮ֣ȴû뵽һıϷ룡
һŭţѹǣӵ͵ؽִڽ½űߣǳϣ㡭㡭
һ̫༱æǰסʵۣĴ󳼹һء
Ϣŭһɢ̬ȣɫ鴮ȻɼУͼ߼޻븸˸ϲ¾
ԺȻ̾˿ʧ㻹𣿡
򽭳£Ǽֵľ룬ѹɤȥʲôô
Ŀ漴ͷ鴮ڰԷҵģδܲ⣬òƷҾɷӣЩʲôľ¾ͱסˣҲĲ̡
µɫȻһʱɫɷףԺиϷžֵɫӲתϣʣʲô
ЦһûлشÑȻתֶԻϵʣҲɴթΪ֤ʵף˸Ժͬʱ飡
ʵۺ˫ۣԺʷ
ԾĬվڴ룬·Χһж˲仯ΪУؼֻʣԼȻһ
ΪԼһӰѲ뿿סֱһ̲ŷЩңɼĳ뵣˸ѵһ̣ͷ
ˣһ˲䳤ġ
ܵЩţɲǼȫΪӰ
һֱΪԼʷЩ߳ơưķʤߣȴ֪ЩߵӢۣǧҲֻô
Լû
ֻ̻ὭһӢۣȴûἰЩڰ·ߣβ΢Щ̬Ծ
ԣֻܽӲϥǰķͷأӦ

΢ɲǡ
ĵľǽ²ùðա
**
ҹʺֱڹǰȺ򣬱ߵԣϷݵȰɣ
ϻع񣬵ͷӵĻصлĸ϶ٶһ¸ǿ˵ġ

146 

ʱԿϱѺͻظ
֪ŵ±ȥλӴ⹬һ̣Ϸ·˲ʧȥ֪
ڹϣ¡¡ĳССĺͬɫľȻ
·ϡżյɴɳۣʵĳȻƹβӹ۽ǣǰڵҹɫ·ֹ
֪λصֻʣһƬıҡ
عѾˣԷĴϴһҹ
ͷŷһӵ澶ΧڴߣĿⵣֻ̿֡
ʯ˶æ۾ǰָǰ˰ڣ̽ʣ
ϻգգۣһȺ汯ݵ
ӸϢҲƵƽ
ſڣɤȴû
ʯæһˮι¼ڣ˻Ƶѯʣ»𣿡
һǵŹŮڰˣ˷ֱʯеĺֹ
˼֧Ҫ齡
ʯæǰҪʲôūȥȡ
ޱķ٣ɫҪʺ
ʯæס첲ȰЪգⱻһȺٱΧˣʱȥģԻ˵ܿΧġ
£ĿȻһͶ׵ԣȥֻľ䡣
һ澶ʱ澪̣ʯŹԣɤӵҹߺ󲻾ãһȺѲūӲɣǴԷֻӸȡˣ𷣡
϶һ֣ĬȻվ
һз̫ͻȻôãⳡѲûжǰǰ¡
Ͻ侲һе»봮һ𡪡
õ·ǰֻвһʱ
ÿһǱ˾ƺãϻʺȫȦס
˭
и̵ֽĿ⣬Ȼеǵĺ⡣
գӭ˽ϵ̽
һ㲵̤ţϱӭȥɫһǳЦſŹϵܿˣģһжȥˡ
俴ǰϤİãм֣²Źġ
ԲգԾɴЦ̧ͷʾ澳š
ֻ¶ԶϲŵĿڣÿǵģһ᲻Źš
ͫǻķŭʱ־ѹ¡
¾ʲôǲĵ׸ĵز
һʱû˳˺ϲɤʣôôһֳַľŻá
ԣǵЦȻƲȥĬﵱֻʣˣôôȥʰΪ˴ңҾĽİˣõĻرǱߵλϺͰ𣡡
ɫһǿѹеԹߣһ̧ķ޷૵λҿԼҲܹת⣬ҿԶ̣ҵС
ϱִֻ˲䣬ǿҵķʶ˲棬̧־ʹ򿪽ϵƣѿڶˣ֪֪Լʲô
ƶĻش𣺡Ȼ֪ڸ㣺˭ǿߡ
ȭͷ˵һ¶ĸ鳹ĥˣĿɳ𣬾û˾ȵ㡣
ȴ½侮ʯֻƴѹƵĻƵĻش𣺡ûǿߣֻ񣡡
ЦһֶξǼ񣿴ĵɷκβ˳ƷʾҲСһѵԼһı˭ڵģˡ
ü㲻ҽα֤ؽ˸޷졢޷֤Ҳй潭µ𣡡
ˣϡϾӸ¿ѵӣٴҲͷųˣ㣬ûǸһǡˡвɱͷ
һԹɫüΪ˱ס㣬Ӷҹ飬Ҳˣ˩乬ɱðŰ
ƮƮһ䡰Ҳˡڹ϶ԣȴըףʱѪҺ˱
һѳϵǰ۾ɳۿҪ˰ͺ𣺡ˣ
̧סԼǰı֣ĳģһƤ˶ѣһ븸ʾͺˣ̧ȥ乬ʱ򣬻١ʷǣǲ֪ſûϡ
ǰһתһ򣬱һס
˦ϵ˺󼸲Ŀ·ħ
ߣæͣ¶ɲңǶٰǰֵģծ಻ѹ¶ûܲˣԸȫˣ򸸻Ҳ᲻ô
ϻۣˮգǿѹʲʣôˡ
ϼѾȫ漴̧סļ濪ڵ᲻ôѹֻҪϴǣҵļƻ뿪ţұ֤Ժٲаʹࡣ
ȭͷָ׼ƣŽһ䡰ˡѹȥ
ãɳƵĿڣҿǿǡ
òŽϳȽսһ𣬽¾ͻ
ڴڼ䣬ľסϣ̬񻯡
ּȻؽ϶Խµĳޣ롣
˼˴еĺ⣬ɫԳ˿
ϼ¶Э֮ɫָϲɫֽ뻳С
ϱӣû˳ӵĿϽϼŬηŭ
̸ЩյĻ䣬ϲװѯʣһһֱ𣿡
ֻҪɳ룬ܸ˹Ӧϣ뷽跨ȡ뽭¼Ļᡣ
ϴԥȵĿڣģһᾡøʳʱʱ㣬Ҫչ˺Լ
ϵԼģװ֮ɫС㲻ң
ǣٴӵ뻳૵˵أЩʱգǿȥϣԴȥɢɢģòã
ĬȻͷ

147 

±ȥźӴ⹬ĳһȴܷɵڳĹԱԲڽµĴԣȻڳڻٴˡ
ͬһдţֻлʺ֪顣
ӵһЪĵԴ˻رܻʺġŭ
˵գʺ水Ͳסǲ˴ţԼھ٣һ𡱡
ʵֻǰ̽Ȼͳˡ
ʺׯĸ£ײһ޶ϵķӣΪСʾ¶ˣʵʮ塣
˵ûд꣬Ѿʺһģ۵ֻĸԼСʾһˡ
ʵ۽ţ˫Ӱ޵Ŀ⡣
ӵϵһĻڰǰҰڻʵ۵ϣֻܡūϥǰȰԻʺ˵Ҳġ˵⺢ٲԵͷûˡ
ʺԱߵѵ´о˲ɣ
ӵֻʮ¡
ʺһۣӴˣʣµİȥ氢˰գ
ʵεİס磬侲üΪ޾Ͳ𣿡
ʺɫ࣬ȥᣬɫҪ֪ۣô׵ľ˶ۣ
龭֪ˣǸʲôӣ˲Ѳɻ𣿱±Ҷ죬¶Ǹ϶Ѳϵɣ
ʵһۣԣյ˲ǣǰԸϵġ
ʺ󼱵ǶˣʲôƣͲ溢úò鰸𣿣
ʵԾɲɫɤȻȴɣһƷʾʹ˰ӣԸûţ
ǵԺûˣ⺢ô죿ָޱһӣ
ɽȡ˳أȴһ˳ٲԵͷԺ·˭ߣ
ʺգ۾ɻµ˼ǡǹðͷģ
ӵ۲Ŀǣرð֪ڻʼһӱĴۡ˭ߣԼԸܵǣƣ־ܣԿ¶ںͷء
⻰е˼ʺס˳ĳɳδǺ£ⳡѣ߽ҫλ⺢ӶȨƲӦеľη֮ġ
˳Ĭʺ̾Ϣһµ˼ˣֻﻹ᲻ãȥӴ⹬һۣİ
ʵִ̧۰򣬰οЩʱһͷİգް֣ʱʱš
ûʲô󰭣ҪͷһεﰤĨſûˣҩҲϺȣҲ֪ڸ˭Ͼҩ붼Ʒʮֻˣɾء
ʺ΢΢תŻɫ£ŵȻΪԼƽ˵´˷⣬ҲıĳƷʾĴ˵óѣ
ʵԳ̾ϢһòŴ¶϶
**
ϣ
Ŀе߻ƼСһЦһ˫ǳͫڴĿԼ
Цŵͷߣ૵±ˣæأӷˣЩЪŰա
ôַˣСĹĵĴյԣвʵĿзĴ壬ŭĵû˯ţж෦Ͳܳ㹦£
һЦ̧ͷӣվˡ
ǰ˫ɫӺȻȥɫįĿϡĶૣµȲôˡ
һ仰Ȼǰ˺ˣһĪĲϯȫ϶ߣæ֣Ҫץס£ȴ˸ա
¡£Χ˲粻иɤڻ֣ϼеҪ׷ϣ˫ȴǹǦ
ڣڳǵľۣоѹˮʪ
ûۣϷžŹ˯˹ȥȫյĵεΡ
˼תľ̨ϵи绹ڳɤӺϣϣ
ԭں֡
ΪʲôҪѧ˵СҲС
ѹֵ˼˲̣ϱһᣬۿ̵ˣ·ߵ鴮ֱ䡣
ȻʼڣԼǰСá
ǵһ꣬ľŵűݣ𡰵ȫ͸㡱ʱﱣ֤һҪ߾ȫǸӺá
˺ѷεķֱغȴԾɱԼģԭδûһӶһ죬һ졣
һǸ˾뿪ˡ
ûйڡ
Сϱĵ̨ԲС۾Ͽ޵Ъ˹Ĺϡ
ԥƬ̣³ޱȹɵĳɤӣܼķʽ裡
ڵĿͣɲǣ漴ȴһʰ
**
ն̽ûϢڸӾ
ͼͷ죬һԼֻеõЩڽµϢ
Ҳ֪ⲻֹʰˣһƷǧı´£
͵ˣһͨģɵġϢŪˣ˵ЩοĻ
պ󣬹ӭһ˿⡪Ӻ߻ˡ
һԺƼ۵Ӿҡͷ̾ѽ˹ɵúúñӣɫðŻƼˣû׼Ҫĵģ
Ȳôˣ
üЦĸ£۸Ҳǵ°
˵СһĶǻأ
Ѿ켱ͷˣɴ۾ӣһںϲҲ²ȥ
߻Ӽ״Ȱο´磬żǶͦõģӴ⹬ǰҲ˵ضû㸮һӦȫҾŵ£
ҡͷβĴǻɲôǶͷ˵乬λƷźģǡ޲Ͼš
ôһڣšͳŵľȻЩ
λǰɫлͣŸԽ
ҹǱӴ⹬̽£շС֮صﰲοϡ
Դһ伫ŵɫĿšŷĸ㣬ɫζ֮Զˡ
ǱȰ˵ĿڸвǱȰĸڸвⲻλӾţ㺬嶼ͷһ˫ء
Ũûᣬ´һ仰嵭ˣȲʶˣûţ
Ѳûơ¹Ƽ𡱡Թ޻ڡʲôȰο
ȻźСԲģ֣µתһš
ʱ򣬹¾١ʷԽԽƯ
ϣ
ɴţ᳦ϵ黰Чǿٱ䣬һ˹еı
ϲ԰׵գ߳һĨΡ
ɫöˣ
Ӻ߻ӻһۡ
׻ǰ˽Լϱôһ˵ˡ
ʵԶûôֹۡ
ƽûܹô裬¶ſӴ⹬ûûϢģϺҩҲ١ʷȹˮϳԣˡ
ҹӴ⹬޵һ̣Ƽ˫ֵĵɫǳͫٶ۴͵ĿԼ
һûûε߳ߺӣᵱˡ
ӴʼնѹᣬĽ̵ǣôƭϰġ
Ҵ󣬸һԾǽͱһ̱ˣøƵá
ΪˡʹǽǿžһϷ
ͷЦǾŵ½̵ģϼǻ˵ʲôµ׼ȷ
ǰ»ùڸﰲĵȴ
˼ͻ᳷룬ʵȻûϳͽ£ͷȥǾһϻӴ⹬¼һ档

148 

ͷǱ̿ȴԾһɴůɢúɱ
ӴӶů֮߳󣬾һֱŲӣǰͷĽϣ߻ӼȰ趼˦ֻü֮
չչǽӻڶŴغˣȭͷһŭ𣬼ӽϽϣ䲻͵̧ȭͷѸײڶĻ
ǰϵıӰȴȻһƫӣסȭͷ첲˳ƶ򢣬һɨȣˮ㷴
ͨһ죬ӱѹڵء
߻Ӽ״һٲ˹
ϵϥӲู޳ƿסɫ޲Ȼڵ壬·ŵ
ɫǵͨ죬£κѨλԷɲţӲģֻһ˫ŭ۾Žϡ
߻ѸٸΧסֱۣ㣬˰ɣ
ûشȻɿ֣վ˵۽ǡ
߻ӷ磬뽫ߣȴԾɲϰݣó鴤űŽ㣬йʹЩĵֶζԸԼã뷨ӽ˽ȼüܸ֮߿һ֣
Ϲ𴽽ǣȹ˺Լָܶ㽭ɽǰѰƣ˿ſɱ
㣡һȭͷȴ߻ӷ¡
תͷˣһ˫ĿģҲǽѵµһ٣һų˭
߻磬Žĳ㣬ʲôǸٹ¾͵йˣֳô¶ǺÿôԺڳҰô̧ͷ
ϵͷЦһģȻý̻ᰢţȶ£ٳˡ¾ʮˣСˣ֪ˡ
ӸȻ⻰в֮⣬ʱĬɫѹֵĿǰС޿ƥеĳ㡣
ǰ˵Ӻ󱳵ĻҳڣһȻкˡ
**
ů»̿ȼʵͬʺˣﾲ
ʺſźӣ˼֮Уüչ
ʵۿóأмãûܲȡ޻ģ̧ͷЦ̾˼֮ϣһ¡
ʺû̧ͷԹ²Ը檴ʱ䣬ð
ʵ֪˼ȥӴ⹬̽š
ڹͷӵ־ֲţûʺȥĴһٰͽȫ״ˣ
ǲӦʺհһɥǶ־ʱ֡һ𡱣ʵӲ乬ĺá
ʵһվǾһûʺԼĿ£СʾһֻۣҪƼû¶ܰ
ôŰɡʵ̧ۿʺ󣺡һˣһۣޱ֤ܶ԰¶֮ɫάĸǣΪΣ
ʺ۾һЩӣмĿʵۣлµ
˶ֵĵŵ»أ̧̧ȥδģǣơ
ʵۻ˱ۣͳʮ°ӣ͵̧ˣ޿κεĿʺ󣺡ôţǵñ˲ɡ
ʺûٶ˵
ʹȥŵ½ůʥ
ʵ۴ߴٻʺڳרļơ
ʺļٵĵȴУӶһͨ䣬
æɨˣͼŵһϮ°ɫͷ䣬󻹰̴ӡ
ʵۼʺ΢¶ʧ̬֮ɫɤӣŵûʺߵ̡
ʺֻöֱŲƺŽĦĳ
ĸ밲
ʺһȻɤ̧ͷѸɨһۡ
ԴĿĿŵذ壬£Գ͸Ĳ԰ס
ʺһᣬԸСźȴʵһ۵ɻȥԹԵͷ̣Ҷ໰
ʵһҲûŵµ񣬼һͬʺġ
ŵ±ټĪһԣƽմȰĸ󶼲ԼкܲζϢ˺ɵţԴøˡ
ʺǿѹżУϸʵʹɫú޲Ʒ̣Ѿӣɴ̧ͷվտǶ֣
ʵεЦЦͷƻʺȺħ衱ӣͷҲ̧Ȼڣĸƣûʤ㣿
ԣ¶һԳһ˿ѵõľִ٣̧˫ɫһ˿η壬Ͱ͵Ŀʺ
ʺ΢΢ͷǰĸԣѸɨһۣ漴̧򸸻ʡ
ôʵ۳ڡ
ٴɨһۣȷǲãĸʤŵƶӦ𣺡ĸʤѶ
ʵ΢һüƶˣҡԲѡ⺢ӷâ̴棬û
ôŤת֮ƣ
¾ӭ򸸻Ŀ⣬ƨɻʹаֲأٴȷûŭָ̧̡֣
ʺʱһֻ¾Ȼͬʱ̧˫֣ϳһ׳䶶䣬Գϣճĺۡ
ֱ絶ʣʺüݺݵ˻ʵһۣ޲Ҫŵ´
һһֲָһӣȻһȦ濪ڵĸиǣֻͻΧ˴֮лɢӦϣתΪʤ
ʵ˳ԼСʾĻϸϸһûףһ̧֣㵹ͻΧơ
ҡ
ƨɻۡ
ʵһЦҪ
ŵֻʺӾ֣Ƭ̣涨ʤ֡
ʵҲסȴҲûڿޡ
ó氮޵˼ȫڰͷûڵСһж˰գȥҲشˡ
лʶ䡣
ȥա
ʺ󣺡
ûüͬŵ˵һ仰
£
Զ游ʺһ°ޣԼġ
û취ʺû̧֨ͷĿ;ŵ뿪һᣬ˲ŵͷݺʵһۣҧгݵĸˡ
Ӻ߻ӵ֪ټ˾ŻãʱֲƼ֮У룬ķȻõӦʡ
ƺûŭλʾϸϸһ飬ȥ̽ùдһ̽ŵġ
Ѷ󼤶ֱ֣鷿ʣֽð⣬Ƭ̣дһС˷θ飬һٰѻʵۿȻ
ڵĻʵû򿴳ţ뾫֣һҹδߣǰ޸ϰٻأһԼȴĵţڶյݽλӡ
ʵۿźȻԳ̬֮Ȼȴûɿڡ
Żӣþ̤Ӵ⹬
һֶԸʵġֲɻ
ܹǿ˽£
Ѳǰʾ͵͵빬̽
̧ͷ︸ɫϵĿǡԣ
ʵʵֻϲиﲻǲۡ
֮ǰͽӴ⹬١ʷûóȻҲϣȥһˣֻǲ֪˼˿ӵԺ͵ˡ
ʾһͷˮ߳ĵȻ֪ʺ«ʲôҩ¶϶ûзˡ
ڶգ˱㽫ϰ̴Ӵ빬ҹǱӴ⹬
ϿԶ޵Ŵ©ĵƹʱѾز֣ǿ԰ͷλƽȡ
Էľŵλ١ʷ㱼䣬ƺܵһϤϢڿ
ǳͫһһԾ齣ɢ١ʷ̴ӣæ߳޵ţĳǹϤϢ첽Ѱȥ
ڻһ£·һɶȻŨҵϢ˲ˣ
Υļǰһѣһ˲·λʾѾӾͳǹϢ񱼶ȥ
˦ĸԿһۣƺò·ˡ
ϼƹصĻȣֻǹϢӽŲУȴ֪ԷڼػԽΧͻԣֱ
ǣһֱǰʱɫ¹£һ޳ӰȻԵΧһԾ䣬һס͵ؽѹʯϣ
һ죬Ϻ󱳱ҵۣȴûоţΪ󾱵弤ҵķӦڸǰ˾˼ҹİˣ
¡¡Ϣδһ̧ͷ˫ͱס˽ӵһ
Ȳ˫ǯסԷ֮ͥ£ʶԷϿ޲øһֿ
һϵλӣѾûۿˡ
ӼæʯԵȴ֮⣬ֱû
߻ӷǻ߰ɡ
޿κΣҹе˾䣺ǰߣŵ
վʯͽ֮䣬ĵļƣȴֲòǿ侲ֹܿͣǣϢſԷۿ£ͽݡ
˫ɫȼâһڣźһᱧѸӹΧ޵
ƹ磬߽Էϻкöö˼˵ϧԷƺǲԱ˼ѷֵһ𣬻̫໰Ҫ˵֪ӺοǼԷʤ

149

û˯̤ʵûʧ
ڰգһ;ѹۣԼԾɱ˫ǳͫעš
©һǣ÷̵ŵ»
ҪҲ᲻˯
İ͸Ӵţһ飬˫Ž²ίૣͲҪߣͲˣ
ס֣ɨ⻨ɴ¹ӳ·ǦɫĹΣʱˡ
±ͷϸĻˣ̧ͷίĿžŵ£ò׼ˣСôҪһؾͷŹˣ
Ըٸģ
ŵջĿ⣬߻Ļǳͫһ˿įĲᣬסʣЩô
˵ּ꣬齱ߵѣʾϴϡ
ƲƾܣͲҪ
˫ֳŴŲ봩뿪ɸСĻȾһҵ顣
Ͳü׹С㡰ǫѷ˳²˴͵λֱȥôܳɣ
ԼһҲñ˿ģ׸ҲС
ϰգȹ»˸Ĳ¡
ϻǲϣͻظҲˣţϲͱͻȥ
ԣŵ´˫۽ްŵɫ⣬΢ŵĳ
϶ʱĿһȻʶڽܵʱ̣ʱ˵ľǿǰܵеϾɥ
ϼæӣ˳ӵĽӹҴҹ϶ǶϵϺ͹ɵǰźŵ´¡
֪ôȰοֻܰѽľȫгԾŵ½ͣ߸粻ȥǶԩҲ¸ҡ
Щ飬ŵµ̽ʵͲرˣǣʵ˽ҲвٶҲˣȴɫ
ŵûзⲻûԼϴڸ벻ϴ
óǴװͿڹȴĥԼﷸ˴
һ㡪ʥԶ
СĴۣûҲ
ŵʵʣɢԶǱġ
һٰӣëȫˣТֻܾ䣬򸸻һָʾ
ֻܰģ˷Ҳûùأڳеˡ
齣ⲽǰŹϳȻ񣬼λگѾ̫͵֮ϣǳ£ʽڴˣö㽫ìͷתشϡ
ͷһ⣬ôЩеСһ仰ơ
ѹܾòԾôʯͷһˮûҲûʵ۶¾ŵı
ԭʼһﶼƵãÿ˶Ըƣһһ۷רźŪȺˡ
Ϲ˲£Ҵ´ǳ廨Ь׷߼ʵʥӣΪʲôô͵°ӣ
תͷӸµĴʿ϶ԸļƽϣֻҪĥ㡭
δ䣬Ȼͻͻߵ
ȹϻعͷһȴͱһ죬ţϢ̽Դ
ֻžһ족޹˲䱻һ˳ȥ
ѵһŵػشϸϴ˨ķԸϣȥѴá
ϣ

ǹɺùһ飬ѵʶֱ𼴽١
һǧٿ׵Ķʱšͳһţۿ̧ͷ
Сڰ밵ĵƹУ䣬ǹɺмһ㱡İģ˫ɫǳͫɢȥһξ
ۿҧ´ʹҡͷͲ뿪¡
ɲһֱǸޱĻȵڶ²̫ãͷ¶ˡ
䣬ͱᱧشϡ
ˮѣϴԾ
ֱԺΧǽɿ֣Ŀһһˡ
˫۱ˮģס죬ܲñʹѼžҹ
λӴһԾΧǽ
عͷİ˻¹£ԴƤķһǣǳɫЦ¹ˮ١
صֿʼյ˼
Ǿͷ·ҵڣһʳ־ܵ÷
ƵŴߴȥ棬ϸԼΣ̽˿ڷ磬ȻϵͼȷʵڴѹƷʾڳѹƵơ
ζòʵĴ࣬ϾͽԻʵʩѹʹ봫λڷǴִѪͳСʾϵĵҲһἫӡ
ǽԼϵģһıϵĻʾʲôʸ̳лλ
ϴʱѾû˹ȰͷһĲȡסϡ
Ӻ߻ӵЭ£ÿ¶һ빬뽭¶ȹ
ĵĵȴʹȴִ˲ƣάΨһ⡣
󣬽ҸͶģվ𶯳Ұ
Ϸ겶£ΧˣʧأĶȴս׳
һǰΧ˵ʡñңϱʪˮȣʿפսұˮսؼӽˮʦӹսԱʱ֮
ȰɣϽʱҲ˴ֲֻûϵĵգ˼͵
ʮ꣬ġ
ʵӡ߻ӰݳּŻŮ
ڸڿԴĻ롪ֻԼǰŵƺڳذļҪսսݡ
һʲôȥѣȴζǲսص㡣
Ӵ⹬У½ּл᷿һϮʾⲽ鰸ԡ
һƾɵĽϵͼ̯鰸֮ϣͼ鱸עīڵּΨīɫ쳣ĿȦ˳ذҪ
죬һ׼óУʯ澴ҴҶţȴһŲ㣬ͺȻһŻ

150 

ʯæǰסӣôˣתͷæԸ澴ҽ٣ȴֹ̧ˡ
ϹűһסϸָŻ£Ļӻ֣˰Ѳȫճȥվ㻺ЩⲽصױǰԸ澼δá
ʯǣӻûأ뻻ʲôʽūȥŷˡ
üҡҡͷûθڣǿЩʰͣȥѵʥ׼ǰ̽һۣ𵢸ʱ䡣
ʯǲģ׷ȥ鿴ϵĲ˳ʲôӡ
һŷŵֱӣЩʯȥ
ʯ˿ǰŲʽһһϸţúܣûвʵġ
ǹˣÿŶԵĲʽַϣôӽôųķӦ
ʯûϸ죬ֻ÷Ըһ鿴ʽԼҴһСԺ
ϴʱѾױϣŤͷԸ̴ӣǰЩʱ׼õϡ
ᣬЬȱƷˣǸʳ
ǸƷרɹɵ߲ˣԼƵ⡣
Ҳ֪ĳòԼҵʣôȥһԡ
ŵʱǰȻһѣһִסſ򣬱Ŀ˻һ߳š
ЩоóĪҲ˼Уû룬һĸ·˲ӲʣҴ
һ·ۣ·ЩϾ͸еθһڣܵñһϸ
һźʯ񿴵Ļţеʵôˣūüնûɵģ˯ͦ磬ȴ˯ȥһôѰ
Ĳɵĵͷ૵ûʲô󰭣ʱʱ÷θ
ʯ죺˻ǻʱŻ
仰ͬըףըùһ⡱ɫʱҰס
ôˣʯҴ
ˡֱ죬ϽֱãӿŵѪҺط̧֣֫סС
òǻ˰ɣ
ŵͳҹأŮ˵ͣҩ˵һܻϣôܣ
ֱЦ
±ڹа࣬ȴӣ˻ôѲйԼ͵Ӵ⹬
ϻͷ㶵Ŀƽ̹С
ӲŶ££
ͷҪͷһ̥
ľһʹһزͬǳΣ˵ĸģһεǣ·ܸӦӵĴڡ
Сһʱ٣ھŵսԼİ
絶ʣ˹ĻڵģӶûһΨһǣһȥ붼ûУǰĴûһߵġ
ͷȻһһޱִŵͷԺҪסӣ
ϵı齥ƽ
һԵʯ񾪻ʧ룬ôѯʣӶûлӦϾκ˵ɫͬ˳ƽĺ棬ס
Ӱŵ³飬һ˿ǣҡ
ϵӷ·˯󣬴ĳֻת
ǳڱƷʾʵ۱ŵʧȥһڵȴһţΪһޱȴҪı
ĺӣҪǿ
ﻳҵʱǶÿʼӦģƶĿʯ
ʯɻգգۣڼǵú˷Ӧ磬ûµʱͿʼˡ
һ¾˷ӦϻعͷԼҲŻһ£ԳýǰŵͬȺأͶơ
ʱɺӵѪͳҲ̫ҽǲǽµ֡
ԣвǽϻ᲻ֹӡ
ǴӣӣҲδܰæ
ȭͷʱϵϢһΪý°ĳΪ˶Ŀ
ȶԻˣ;ڸ浽˱ӵһգҲһܺĽһʬ
ûбʽ⣬ȴǳƷ֣ǽϵΥѵǾǶԼĺ·
һ˵ﻹȹȹ۹Ĵ̵
ڽ±İȹĬ£ǲʹ߻˹磬һ½ڴı߽פʱáӻҡ׼
ؾפвɲСӵĺܣ˭Ҳ
ƺ󣬹üĿչȻ˳ԸӦ̫ཫϵжһͬ󹬡
һϾƳůͷѵøСɽƵãһ䣬С̫ЩǸŵ׼ʡ
ϣ
ϸͷֱԼ׼ķ࣬ԼĪ㹻ŵʮˡ
ʺɶڻλͬԵĸ𻰡
Ҳȹԣĸͷһۡ
ֻƶġɽƳ
ŵ¶ʱЦһعͷü壬ȹЦŲţ߳϶ǳԵģ¹¶·ϡ
ȹЦбСʾһۣ͸ǳͫ΢΢ˡ
˼¸ŵĹϻȻ֪ԾɹĽţʺ밲źáɽĸ밲
գؾ񡣡ȹкԼԣʵ׼Щʲô
ǫҲûʲôصĶǳʳ
䣬ͼСһЦȹʹɫ˵ɣµ׼ô
ȹסǣεҡҡͷֺǺǵĹϵ֣ˡ
ϺɵбСЩѯʣôЩ·ϻ᲻᲻ô
Сڳɫϸһһɭϣ˵óһʯء
Ŀʧһʯô
Сü̾Ϣһһڣ¾취
϶ʱǺȭƿС£æ˳ŵ䣬С£͵ȥ᷿һô
΢΢һ㶣ȴѵľܾˣգĸĸ󡣡
죬Ŀŵ£ǰ쵥ദʱ䣬ʱôЩţõʱˣһ
¡һ˫ˮ۶Ž£˵ͷź󾱵Ϣ
ǿİǰʱܹ顣
ǣˡ
̸ЦȺɻĿһͷ
ʵҲܹ⣬»һС£ֱż棬һʱҲȻ
ֻҪΪƷʾľŵƣҲû¶ˡ
Ȼܿϧ˸߹˳ƷʾĿŵգۼ;˳С졭
Ѫյͣﾭò
ºСƳһ̫ۡ¶ˣ±ܾ
Ȼû취÷ҷŵ¿һۣһֱ쵽
һɼҵĳƷϢضʱӿһӵɶˡ
ʺ˿ȥ𻰣
ϼƵóѣСһͳţѸ߽᷿
ţƹͱŵһ첲§סС
æÿСԡ
ͷ²зֻҽѣʱˣ¾𻰶ɡ
£
գŴ˫ۣʣسгİ𣿡
»̧ۣѣĵ¶δطǵ˽ʰɣ
лҪ˵趨ӶOAҳĳƺֱǣϡס־šǻֱơĸԼʡ
ϸطжĳƺۺϳֱȽƵĳƺöɶƺﲻѯ趨ʲôĸĸĸʵ̫ˣէ֡
ŮŮ 
У 

151

СĴ治
죬ΪСûǣңΰľһѹδ֪Σˣȴܲ¶з֮κȤ
²Ը͵һб۾С
񣬲ͷסϵ֣ôԸ⣿һ̶밮ֱ𡣡
Ťĵͷƭˣͻ˼ҿġ
̧ͷ˫ǳͫǲ뵣ǵʣ£γûΣգôͳԿŶ衣
ġ濴ش𣺡ϣ´ûйָӴս۵ľ飬ҲԤôװƽʤҲ޷۶ϣǣʲôΣգֻҪ㡭
ҸĹâʣ;ͻô
רעɫȻһתЦŵֻҪ˵Ǿ䡮սɳϣˡǻŭͻữΪܱ˶㣬ǧ֮УҲҪɱΧ㡣
ϣ
ⶼǰ¶ˣϻذ˹ӵʱΪ˰ο˹ʵһ仰ѣ
ûϵǳ۹ڻڡ
Ƭ̣ǵõʱԼ顪
ʱһ뱨ϣΪǿǵģû˹Ѱٻ飬ΪΪûˣ˲ϧ
أ
ǰ˫Цǳͫһսɳ񵱳Ȱ˹ʱǰô
ǵȲӣҪСһȥˡ
ƲƲ죬С򣺡벻޲һͬǲҲôͣ
˳ֽԼϣ£ĬȻΪ֤ǣң¿ԡ
СͷŹЦ¿Ϊ㴴һΡʱ̡з¼ھͿʼü
һЦֵƿСоѾûһδͳġ˸ͱˡ
ֲʱ᷿˹Ůѡ±塱˼ʱˣϽĽա
ŵ½վһ˲ᵽ˶ĿֻţȻĸվŵһͬš
̫͵ǰʵ۴ŽУţ׼𢣬ڶѲһѳն֮
Ѫ֮ϡ
һϵзļ󣬴·ϡ
ʺ԰ʮֻ͵ſڡ
ŵʱľšͳһţϲٱǰ޵ѿ
Ϊ˳ǿеһ·ϣڳһŵĿɫŵһеСҴ
ڻǵ˳ſڣϰת̧֣ŵһڣ̧ͷ˲䣬ϡ·𿴵ʱС
ŵؿڣ񶼱߳һͷˣʱⶼתţϸ
¼֣һͷ
ֵ̧ʱһᣬǰȫˮģˣС
ڵʱĨ˰ᣬ𽭳µΪ˿ˮ͹ĮĿڣž˲˵ˣͻظŵ»ٻᡣ
ǣŵһ󣬿űͷߣŲ̬ӲͬͬŰ㻬Ц̬
ϲСȥıӰ˵̥ڼ䲻ĹȣѡԼתǿˮ첽ߡ
Ųݲµĸ𣬹ϴһƬѹѹײ֮䣬ҧ´ĵ룺Сܿͻˣʲôĵģ
СΪʲôһһٻͷһˡ
ôңвУ
ԽԽģûٿһۣ
ǣһȺʿŰľȻ䷴ˣתƵõײײĳ忪Ⱥܣͨһײŵ»¶׷²ͣ
ŵ±ơôô׾پ֡͡
ǰմͱ飬̤ʵˣȻ̧ĺ廳ĹϣװøƵģһʱû׷±Ц
ÿζ׷ͲģҪӳǽ
ΧһȺ˫ð⣬ŵһ۵ֵ̤ʵˡ
һãֱоĺŽ죬ķֿ
С˸¾ͻس̡һӼšĳŵ£ϲŻʪֲĸ
˸ϽԼеʯ񣬲ϸܣԺֻļ澣Ժ̴Ӳڡ
ϰʼ̥ÿճ˳˯ʣµʱϲŭ޳
һʱͻȻϲãһʱĪķŭȥ죬޷ƣʯĪ
С˺ʱţȻƼԼСƵðˣҸ嶼岻á
ͷ¹󣬹װʯ͵͵ҽ̥¡
һҽݣõĴ𸴶ǡĸ¡
ѯʲô취Ի
ȻиĽ鶼ǣʵٳԶද̥ѲԻԻǸأ޷ơ
ظã뽫Ҳ븮ֵ׸ŵģֻա
ΨһοǣЭӴڼ䣬æýŲմأγ棬ܾҲûϾ˼
˳İ¡
ûգڸŸϵ˵ִؾİɱҲ֪Ӻδһפھϱ֮⡣
ͷһյŵŵصȥýӼѯʺŵ֪ǰԸֻС¡ֽ²ſɳ´Ѱ˽д顣
״޷жǷڡֽΨıλֻᡣ
ϳĬã£˰ǰǳѣŷֿӱܻὫø㣬ȻԾ뱣ϻˣѱʵ޷˼̫࣬һжֻܵȾŵ»㡣
ϱ뽻ԼᣬɺȻǰľôӦѯ˰ȶԼᡣ
ϰüǰ飬ֲ²ȶľֻýסǵȺһ졣
Գȥȶϡ̽
Ԥϣϱ˿⡣
ȶŷݵԵúܽţæͨȶ澳ƣżȾ纮˼͡
ϾĲɫܲȻƺǣֻš
ϻ벻ĺѼ䣬תͻ˸ǲ˴ȶ٣֪ȶѾ²¶档
⵹ˣ˽µʲô
ͦµĶӶ±Ƽȶȴڸﲻˡ
жȻһ˿šԡ
ȶӣôڸôãһǸͲڸ
ͷһ̶ǲǰȥ̽
Ȼͷûй
ȶ澳װģҩţԭⲻȫԷȴûˡ
¶Ϲܣֻܰ©ϢͱʺǶȥ
ţ˱㱻ȫѺ󣬲վ͵õ˴𰸡ȶ͵͵˳Ķ飬Żʵۣȥˣ
ϾԼǸʡ¶ĺͰȶⲻܲ˵ӣŵǰû׼ᱻˡ

152 

Ҳ󵨣ĶһٻС춼ӾѪͳ᲻һƷϢ
ȶУҲ˵Ƿܹ֧ţźȶ٣ܰȻȹһµг̣
ϸһãͷ£ȶһ˸첻ɡ
ӽź뺮ҩȻӦ˼о·;һٱ¶ȶݱңΨһĿܾǱʵǲͻؾУá
ôܽѶ
Ȼ˰ЭҴ˵λҲضͲˡ
ϴڼȶĶȾͻɵСͷϣ漴ԼԼûðɣ
û侲׹ʮа˾Ӷֽš
סȶˣҲֻˡ
ôһȶûľ£Ϊһ¶Ϳ϶ᱻСȥǶ淢
һָС࿿᷿Ե֮ϣŴïˮӳѵһⶼûС
һҲͣºӣô뽫ŵ£һ˼ҲãȶŵӪô죿С־ҲסаȾƵªϰ˿ô
ϼֱ޲ҹ׷ȥϣ԰
**
ǧ֮⣬͢ʮʦ¡
·󸱽ھȨȫڹ;ʦȷ档
ʵ۰ȸϸŵԾɲӦ
´ǰɱϣŶڡʤǹµģʧҲԶȥ󣬵ճů١
ȴһˣβԼѡ񵣸ģӲڽ¼ϡ
ȴתͷȴʿļеֻǺ̹ǵԨԼֻܹǰʧܵĴۿµ
ˣԹڰݵ·гɳܰĿ⣬ȲչԼٵǿۺڲͬ
ɵҪÿһеΣŬʱֻãĶδ֪־壬صǸĸ谮·
ִʮʿͰŵµļƲߵգ˫ٵ͡
вأ͵ʷųǧŵһʣʹгҲԼıԲɡ
ͷһʧߣ˯ʱһΣμĶǶ˸ᣬһ϶ûܽ⿪
±ļˣ塰ӦΪأƿ͸͸һɼҵϢ漴һкǧ
ʵ١ʷˣֵߵŵ밲ū½ⷦա
κξŵ²顣
ֵҵǣƺ˲ɨȥ˾ŵе鲻һֻʣ¡µÿؾǶ
ˣŵ»ָ˴ǰӳⷽپʤǧǡ
ʱڳϰһսվз֣ռĳǽ﹵֡
գз齵»˵һǳء
ũҸͶֻа˴ʫȴǮϿĽţ˱·ռ˳ذұҪء
˼ȿɷɢֿ͢Ӧϣŵ½ϵı˼αʧء
Ϊʼʩֻñ١ս
ϣռͷһǳ֮ݵҹ͸Χ˳ǳءϧһѱµıѹûӦϡ
ڹٱվսʤսг񣬻ĵȴǡ
ȻɵҲѧٱΧسǳأϧֻңȴûǱǳջݵˣֻܸɵţǡ
ǹٱʮֻʣƾʲôǹǣǳǴ򲻹Ͷ
ĽĦȭƣʵۣԸͻΧ
ʵȴʼհȨȫ׸£˵ŵ»ŵ¡
ڵһʤһ˳µˮǴߣᶨ˲ѱһսʤġ
գڳǽ̨֮ϣ׼޶СĲ֮ҹʱ֣ʮ˾ͻϮһٽɻǡ
Ⱥ鼤ܣĥ˱Ѫ
ڽΪŵΪף°ʣ̼оǣ׷ȰɣʾʱʹǷҲؿȫоȫʤ
ŵȴʼղϳ
պ󣬲ɽׯѵĽԱȫǳڡ
µձʡλǽ֮ϣʾ
ϰһƼЩռĶ̰īѹյĹʱ޵Ŀѣëŭţ
ڳһűŭ֮ϣѪ˿˫ۣǷ·޲ϳǽȺ̰̻
ȻǸĳƷʾ˿ȴųȣѲڳǽ֮ϣȺ̸̰Цһ
ɫЦԮˣλ˱Ⱥܣ׷öأΪΡ
ǳϣһȺԱжȻ׷׹ָмʥϵĶʾӪȡ
ʱһƬѪʹ¶԰յĿδţԾǳͫԹԱ΢Цڵѹйּա
һȺʱܳæһأȺּ
¶һʥּĽʹɫǰչƾּ
ˣʵگԻظ»ԿءϺơ
͵ԱʥּյԼ֣ٹ⡣
һȺԹ죬ڴʱֽĻ̌ߺɤ
ʮˣܻߣѹգǿռ̰īʹߺҰձȽҸͶ𣬻ȫﲻնʾڣ

ɲǼ䣬ǽһƬ
ԭ˲ɫҰֽۿ̧ͷ
ֻ´˿ɫޣĿɱֱˣʥּ꣬Ȼ̧һӡ
һȺʿʮﷸѹڳǽ֮ϣ泯գ
һȺƭԭأ񱨸ȴϱƭϳֻܸ׾ܣųԹ
ն
һ£䣬ʬ׷롣
ϰȺʳѪĹԴ³ǽѪȾ˱ϴգ
һ˲ȻĬĬųǽбʬ壬ڣЩĿѺԹޣ˹սᣬŹ̵ˮۿ
һֱ̧ۣһɾ磬˺ѿ죬ʿǸ߿ɤʱ쳹ء
ȻΡΪΪǡ
ԻȻڤ·ģͥ
ʱ˼һһࡣ̫ʷڽʡ
챾ǻѪ־ӣʱһס衷ǹɱɱεڲƼգʱΣ׷棬Ȼ
ŵڳ¥֮ϣ£֣ʿǰЩʱܻ޶С
ȻԼĸ޶Ľлʱ̧ͷ¶뾪ֻ̣¥ϵЩΪʡˣŹ·ϴ˰Ĳɣ
ԭǵ޶Ǳٱ׽ΪʣΪڼտ޶ĸ
ȽǴȺʧȽҸͣ͢Ѵ̡
ΪƷӦ׵壬жֲʹֻز׹齵ߣԿռ˿׳ʮ˼Ķ͢ãĲȡȫ긳˰
᲻
Ȱϣǽߣһ߰СŮ
СŮձץ֮ʱĿ޺вһʿǡ֪ĽšƷʾǡȴһԶԳƷʾϰǳ⡣
ʱ˿̣һ˫ǳͫŮ˫ۣĿεĶڣεǸûõĳƷֱŸ㣬㻹ԸԸ⣬ǰ
ΧֹͣһƬž֮УСŮգգԲ۾ţɤˮк
ԶԶԸš
һʱȺڣɽǧꡣ
ˣһ徹ıƽˡ
ŵʵҲûаôĳôҪΪġ
ѹֻܵɱĺ󻼣ΪԺгԣʱⱿǶԵ·ˡ
ǶԾŵ¾֣׷ڹġ
͵İȶ򱻽ڳǽСԵ߻ء
ȲСôԼƾĵľ

153 

תϼӼ־ʮʹ˾ǲԱǰսأЭսˡ
˾ʹʮм飬
˼ߵĸ֮УԮ½սأ˷θ֣˵ŶԾŵµĳ˼
ֻСһ⡰һš
СĻֻܹа֣ҪĻش˹ּʵļص⣬֮־ʹ±ô˼
սƽ赣ǡ
ʪǸѾù
ڶҳǶԹ͸¶жĴ𸴡
һҳıīȻȫоݵȰ˵ϣҪǶϵɹڷĽᡣ
ϻĵļţЦݽǡ
ΪСⳡĥѺó죬ȻԸΥȻ꿴һܺӣܵ
ϰŰڵԸСǰཱུĶԶĺ˵ƣ㰢ô۸׵ģɲѧǸ
˵ЩڣͦϣӼ̳СʹԴϣҲˡ
ĩ˽¶ȹʺ͸¶Լеҽϲ
ȹԶĳȱУѶȻֵĴٰ칬磬ף֮ϲȴ⵽ʺ
񣬳߳ȫ֣֮ʺѰ·ƽֻȣ
δϸ̥ãʺضȴ鳯
Ȼ˴λؾսУֻἰԱδսþйԱء
ϸǻ̻̲ȥ̽ţһûܻؾսһŲ֪
սֹ⣬˷ƽϣذ֮⣬лʡʮܡ
Գ͢ľ࿹ʱӦؾԮǣ֪ΪΣȴǵ͹Աľ
Ϊ˳ҹߣվıȨ̫ͷҲѾ׵ʮѪıְ㿪ʼ
ȽϷԮļڳеƹĶӵ¾֣ȼѣõּ̫ܲ󣬱˳١
ʵ۴Ĳо;УѾαװֵҵıɳл
ʱ򣬾ʵܱסؾҲѾʧƣֻ̫ܰϻʡ
Ӳһı̶ʦδݣûλ֮ġǰһƬƽɽֿɵãսؼƫƫֳϵԤϡ
ΪʲôǵԮ
ʡ˽ܵ飬ΪܣҲ˲ţʮƽʮ˭Ҳû⾭γص͡
Σͷݻصľȴƫƫǵòɡ
δʵͷˣʲôϾǰжеʼֲ裬ӵ¾
ȻڵһӺ̫֮󣬽ϰڹеţҹػһš
ȹͳġ
ϲһģֻʹǰ
д֮󣬽ĿⶸȹȻפڱ߽죬뾩
Ůˣʲô
żָⷺף߽սǽΪʵ۱ݻȻԤϵ谭Ѫһ
**
֮Żظϣƾŵ°ȹڵ½ʧ٣²ֽš
ϢըףЪԺеĹϴʧɫ
ȹ
ʲôιҪһ֣
ɲǼ䣬Ժеһķ籩һƬЩ˼󣬽ͬƼհɼ
϶ǰзһһ֪벻ףΪʲô֮ĵĽ£ս˰ӼϻؾУ߱ɱ׻梡
֪һ̣ȹΣ֮Уԭɻһ˲ȫ
ǵģʹΪ˶λᵳ̰īΪ˷ϳگݺվûɱġ
ֱһף˼ĶԹ߱ĸ֮أ
һ˲亮ëըǰĽ£µĽѡ
ĿǰΪֹȹĳµľŵ£վǸǵĺͯԳٶԹߣҲվԸ״һٶѡá
϶гΪδǸ˿ֱһ̣ŻȻǰǳѪսĲɵ͵ĳǳޡ
ǰȹԾŵ߶о;о׼ţܳģ˰̿¯Ӷ˽Ȳˣ׼鷳
ĸİٰȺ󣬲鲻Ը˳ŵ֤չ˺Լ
ȴû뵽Ǿŵ½һŵһ
ôĳɳܲʹ
ǵõȵ޿أŻںԼûϧ
ǵǰΪԼһ·ǰһֱŬͻﵽĿģͻгʱ䣬ر顣
ֱԶ˲ŷ֣յͷδػ׵ЩȰ߶
ȭͷվſڣǲ˿֪ͨŵ£תһ룬Ͼྩ·;ңԶʹҹ̣ҲҪһµг̣¸ϻغ󣬱Ȼزĸȥ
ľţý˺ȹ
ʱ˿̣ûл⽭öԹ˼ҪסȹΪ޷󽭳¼ʹࡣ
ϱɥĸ֮ʹΪûֹӺףĻں޽ӣŵԼһ
ʹʹҲԶ޷ϣⳡѷھŵϣ
ôֹܹ
ѵͦŶȥȰ˵ϣڻϽ͡
üͷⲽ
ʱգѾ׿͸˽ϣȻǫѷ񡢰˳ȴޱȼͣ˾ľ;ı䣬ûлͷ
תͷţŵھֻʣ¶٣ȫ빬Ƿ֣
ŹӵĻʹôûкֿҲǻڣӦûȹļ󣬶߸а
һۣǿԼ侲ΪλͻȻȹ֣
²֪
ϽǵⲽƬ̺жһƣͷѯţǣסȥ⣬ǳûȹ͵ͳǣҪá
Ŷʱɫ䣬ֺգ
ϰֵģҲ£ңӶòŰȫǽȹ߽磬졣
֮ǰʺ鱣̥֮ʱȹĸ߹ӵפص㡣
ʱ̫ףǰϴһ㣬ָơ
ϾԼΪնǯƽϣȹǡ
һϰ׷ô˼Ϊܻ⽭õĶԹȴؼһ̣ŤתǬ·ڤڤ⡣

154

ʵڼ䣬ڹϵİٰƾ֮£ֻ棬һζһǰ
ʱλɻ죬̥£ʹڣͶ֮䶼ܿߡ
ͭǰԼеĴȺ˸飬üᣬôڶԵӷףƻãһ߶¡Сͻ¶š
ȹΣüޣݲԥϴҴдһţݼϵĽдú㽻Թ
Ϊ϶ĿŲǰ빬ţֻʱһɱһֱֲӽȹǡ
һ𣬹Ҫסһʱϣȹȡʱ䡣
ȻǰǽϵôӦͬ˽ᡣ
ڽƵĵȴУԹٴ˽ϵĻš
ϴæչż㣬ֻֻд˼˵֡㡣
ϴӦˡ
ͷƫһ紵ɳɳһ죬ӵš
ֱֱ̧֣סС
᲻ôգȴ޿κΣĶ룬һ̻ض̧ԸΡ
˶ţηּһصķҶսƽȵ̫ºߡ
һ˽ӣˣԸ˽ϵص㡣
ϵñ磬һǷɺɺϱǰһѯô£úõ˵Щô
˵ˡͬټһ桱֮ĪֻȰѽ¡
˿̼Ŀ⼱еͣϣϱ㽫ͷø̬֮ͣתһصĿҶƳȥͷҲصȻ£߰ա
Լã˵Ҳû׷ʣּε
ĬϵڣնڸﲻϼңǻŰſ
ϴ˿ĬĬʱŽϿڣ漴ŵıӣǿ򶨵ѹ¾ţžŵ»Ҳ¶㡣
ĿһϣºЦͨˣ
ûлشγͷԾͷǰߣȻ˽ϵĲ
Ȼһϱת̧ͷ˫ĿɻעԼ
ôľ룬ףȴԾǿ򶨵ûͨҽҲԼ
лһ˿죬漴ϲһѽ뻳С
ϴֲڲڲȹ¡С޿ɱܵԷഥ
ȻûԤϵУѰĴк󣬾ȻƬ̣ͫײȻ
ɿϣĿ⻺Ĵ΢΢¡Сϣɫ·׺䶥Ǽһɱ֮
ͱǲ㴰ֽϷ侲ǻ㲻
̧ͷ⣬ڵҼҼԭ򣬽ͨˣ㡣
㡭ŵľ˼૿ڵⲻܡܡ
ޱĿŽϣжԵ˵ˣվһ棬ҹ㣬ӽ󡭡
ôڲŸңѸٻָǣȴԳƵ֮ǹɱǿ԰ŭ𣬱Ƶùϱܵȴ
ŭϢأȴԾɲŵĿ̧ϵ޷״µĿڣ㹼ңֻܹӡ
ĿȻһ飬ֻ̧ܵסСĶסϡ
ǹӲЦ⣬ƯȴڲصŭԵԾԹϵ˵ʲô¶飬ģֻҪû̫ҽһܰĳ
˺һҲ˺ҵĺӣ
к̹ǣάһֱᣬŹϳԺеǣΪѰʹ졣
ֻëըҰèݺݵĴ˵ˣûܶҵĺӡ
䣬ͼ˫ۣްЦ⣬ɱɤĿڣŹϣҲڸ̥
ҿеĹʧǰȫȫңǿϴȥ˵ĺӣԲܳ
ֻ⳹ǣǰϤӱŤ·ֻҪ˵һӣͻɥڽ֮֡
һƬţֻзҶɳɳ졣
ϺȻǣĿŽϰϣңǰִԣҲǱεһȵˡ
Ի˱ۣĿԳһ˿ƣڸ˷ŵɱüŹϣαûңվǰǽ£㻳ҵĺӣֻΣݵ£
Ŀ΢תһʱȻ
ϿЦһȻһԶùƽ۹⿴ҺͰţԸܲ΢ȥ£ȴϸһ¡
ϣ㱾ҵᵶˣǰţǸʣȴҪѵô
ϱͷұӣ㵱ҲΪ˻λҡ
һͷֱӹϣ͸㣬ûжѡһıҪˣϣҺܿܶʵִǰĳŵλҵģҲصߡ
ۿͷƫ˫Ŀӳĳ߻ϼ⣬Ƴ졣
֪̬Կƣֻ˳Žϻͷмɰգʥϴ˴ؾļϲûеԮսֵǻȶ̸λ̳У
һд㣬µ֮ǳȥ㸹̥ʹظ
ͷһ⣬ǿѹ¼ҵջ𣬲ίҲڽհɣ
ͷ棬ɫȺɽ֮УϿŽȻĿڣȥɽϿ䣬ԸԸң
հɡǣ֣дСһҲ벻ҡ
ϻͷִĿڣܣȥ³鲻ϾذգԼɽ
üſڣվѹ»ЦҲ͸ǰƢ
ڽ϶ΣϻûʹѰٻļƣ˳֡
ɽ·ʱѹ˽һʱܰȻȵ䣬Ӫȳɹļʾоųɣǵ͹˽µ͡
ɽʱкȻըһضĿĻ⡣
ǽѰʱõźŻ率
ըԶﻹɽϻûüͷԵĽϱһԾʧǰͽһȥɽµҡصּ䡣
ȥɽµ㣿Һֲɵ
һԶˣϾͰȳ̫º񱼣뼸
ϰȻͻޣһ·ųӡ

155 

û߹ٵɲþͿʼצ죬ʯзһƤ̺ڹ¡Сϡ
ȹһһ·뾩ǣûȥѰŵµıӻΪ±ؾˮ·ζù
ֻ½·½·ȥϣƾٶȣϵضŵ°˳ؾˣ˼£ϲžͷѡ
˳ȹʱӦѾ׷ûɹҲˣ档
Ϊ˲ýϿȥ򣬹ûκ˱¶٣ͷŵҲ֪ȥ·ڳʱԸ
˾˯գū·ʯǩӲ¯ݵǰ
ľګĿ˿ӹ¯Ц㻹ܽҼôãͲǸСˣأҲЦ
ʯ΢΢һƺʱŷԼ˳ڵĳƺͲˡ
ֱŹϵС۳һźСŮ񶼻ԼĺӣȻһᣬۿʪˣ۳ū澵
ûɼûӣźϣֳ˹ϵѾߣһ·СӾĺӣҲΨһ̡
ϵͷŪСС˿¯Ҳɬôˣܸ鷳ҪǽȥոΪ׺ѿô졭
ʯ̰ο϶˵ˣֻһֲǲȥˣҲǸ˳¶ġ
ڻȫЩԸ£̯ϣͱˡ
£һϱٲһ䣬ʱ¼լ볯г׶ϵ
ͽϵļӦѾ˽УΪףϴºȥǴ̽ơ
ǵˡ
ûר˾ҽݣֻҸŽ
ǵһ̥޾飬ҾӽͺӵΣնǼģʵڽѰ
ʱľǣѵĽϣѾǻŭͶ뵽λ֮УϾֲ׷ȹϡ
ӵȫݿ㸲˻ʵڳнʣµҾ
ʮ꣬϶
͢Ļʵۣڳж
ǣϵĵǻگѾãسǵĽȴȻҹ빬֪ϡʮǾǻس¸
ʮ˱ںȹαװֵҵıʿǽʮ˽ڶʡＯľӣнȻʶ
ȺسȻ͵Ϯʤ
ʵ۴ǵõ˾еķҹϻؾǣ·͵ϮȻ׶༪١
漴ټ⽫죬ȻԼˡ
빬ܱʵѱ׷ӻؽϡ
֮ϲУһͬΪԼĵǻ׳ơ
϶ʮһգٹ̳ڸ˧ٹࣺɣ뼴ʵλ
̫붫̳Ϊ׵ĻʺɫҰֽ
ʮ̳ûһǻʺָɵģֻǸϹûʵĵǻλ
ڰϣڸ׸ȡʥŰษף֡ڳݣƽֹȻݣƽֹ
ϣٿȡݸ׸׸ʾʵ۵ǴλȽ
ڴʱΧرȻһཻ֮
Ľɫһ䣬Դǳ⣺˵ҷ
䣬Żƽ޲̳㳡ʱ伤ķ籩
̳֮ϾӸ£ϸľǰǵʮʿ
оӲ򣬼ʹսȴҲ޷Уơ
鼱֮£̳һԾ£Գ֣ԾҾ֮УƬ̣ͽܻʮ׽졣
ס죬̨֮ϣͷԽ±ʿǳס֣
Ѿƺԡһף˿˼ܻѾ죬ԽսԽ¡
һס֡Լľֽţսָһ·˰ܡ
֮Уһ޳ĽʿȻȺһԾ̳ϣʰϡ
ΧãȻ֮У˵ǰд̣ѼһƷ֮뻯תŲ侹Ȼ׸񵲶㿪һδС
鼱֮£һѶְμ֮ˡ
һѸ磬ڣ˼æһԾͷñ˦ڵأǺһҵ죡
һ֮䣬ĿӳһƬǳɫĺƮӳöյ·ȼȵ¶ȡ
⧲һԾ̨֮ϣ̳ķ裬һ˫ɫһӷ·ۼؼĽâ棬ֱ
Ǿŵ£̳һƬ̨ϵƣûʧ
ŵ»ˣ
ʱһƬз׷׷ֿ׾ܡ
׻ŵĿŶ˫ǳͫ͵תһסǸѱ佫ʺҧгݵĺǳұң
¡ǽ澪̵ĽͣǰϮбս룬ʣȫѺˣʮУº⼸λͷˡȫǽ´˰£Щǵ˰
Ŀѣɿ죬ӲĻͷ򽭳£ѹɤܣʮЩǾܣ
¹ǣǽʡѾ˳͢Ͷգ㡣
˵꣬¹ʳָĴָڴ䣬ԶһæĽŲ
һŽ׵ĽʿȺԾϥ½£˫ֹһʥּᡣ
ļλگ飡
ٹʱһء
ɫ԰ףнľתͷ̨ºѹѹһƬٷף·һج֮У޷
ı֮ﱻʥּگʣıȨȫ뽭С
Ϊȶ֣ԡвΪһӵϵĴ󳼡
ʵδ鳯ıﳼҲöлָ˶ݵ
صУʺһžŵ£ǿµ㿪բĿʼľꡣ
ھŵ½ӵʱֻ֪ȹգ߽磬º״˿ֻôæϻʺĿߣʵʣµأ
ʺĨᣬҭҭ˶ϹؽˣòŵģĸѾȫ˳ǡ
ƽһںǰ
ʺɿ࣬Щʵڽϵ״
ŵѰ̸ֲ˳ֻóûʺྵļ϶Ը̴ӣ빬
ʺڿЦЦڵ㼱ģΪ˾ĸǣסϣҲȥ˳⣬һʱϲ֪Ϣ󣬱Ըġ
Բ죬ڣʺЦǽԴϲ㰲Ȼع϶ˣܸһˡ
ɫȻòѯʣʲôˣ
ʺЦʲôˣȻĺӣˣˣ
˻һʱȻ̶һ󻶺ȸԾ
Ψŵ𾪣ٳٽԭ
ʺôӣʱˣб۾ɻǿɵˣ
ޱ飬Ƭ̲˫Ŀʺ󣬵棺ĸЦҿá
ʺԣ˭ͬ㿪ЦȻģ
ŵϾԳһ˿ջ䶢סʺѹɤѯʵ£̫ҽ
ʱʵѾˣʺȴ֪飬ŵɫãЦѵ¿ǹ˶£ǰڱƫ᷿ùһأ˲ɣ϶ɾջˣ
䣬һŭʱãʺ󱻽¶Ȼ¶ɱɫõһôˡ

156 

ŵ¡ৡվʺŵþһһǣŰȦζƷ󵹣ڱعľŵǰ̧һ˻
ʺԲ۾ǰˣҪô
֪ʧ̬ͷĸӣŲز輸ԣ̫ƽƵãװʲôҲûз𵭽ɫŻʺ󣬹˳ĵͣԲ̫ͻȻˡ
һںȻעǿѹɱĳƷʾҴҲûɾô¡
˼ҳƷ˵û£ǾͲ£Ҳû£
ʺһڣЩգʵ۶ûǰô
⵽ײԸĺӣżеСĦҲʺֻܸЦ绹ţԸǸأͷһ̥δ̫ˣһʱҲеġ
´ͷֱǰ󣬳ĸ˵ǣʵͻȻиˣظĸ¡
ʺ󲻸Ҳ£ǹսϢǿҵ÷·ܴ͸壬̫˺𣿸ϽжԶԶ
ôҲã;Ͷ٣ظЪϢգ˾ĸ𻰡
ǣʺȫˣȴһ̴ӡ
԰һһ³ûӵĿ԰ӣĹܼҾϹţͷĻҪȥһ̱ƹ
˿ŷһ»ظˡܼҶʱڰͷˣĵһ·ǰԺӭӣȴû뵽
˷ܹͷĹܼһ·ûۣƹȣţŵ޳Ӱײ˸
ܼұײ˳ԶһƨˤڵϣҪŭ̧ͷһˣʱĹãū
ŵͷҲûͼˮ˳˾䣺ʯڲڸ
ڵϵĹܼҼæӣʯˡ
ϵ澻ڸô
ܼһǷУˮء
ŵбǳͫͬ棿
ܼұɵĿһϣһʱЩڰĻش𣺡ūšūŲ̫
⻰һ¾ͱѣǰûء
¶½Ųżһתȱƽܼңзǳ̫ͫ˭棬㡮̫Ϊٺ»ϰĹܼң˵ֻ˻
ܼһ̹ؿͷ³̷СԺԺūų룬Ҳ˴̽ȥūŲΪ
ٶ˿ɣŭͷĽԣŤͷһ·ˮ󣬴ڸŮһͨѶʣʳ˽ܣ
ԵŮŵɫɷףæȲ裬ȴŵһŭ֮Ʒɿȥǽˤ÷顣
ŵֺ̧һڣӦԾ£ϥأָ
澪ŭָŶ˺ǳȥگҪʽϣǰŵ̾߶׼ãڣ̣
ǣŵƨ
ԽǸߵȾԽܸܵóͬսϢжôΣգǸŵ꣬ûʧ̬ز
֮£һ·Էͷľȫ̧־˺÷飬̤ڵأ
һ·βС̫ŵüʧһȺѾͷڵϣСĻ죬ǰ޺
̴ԭΪȾŵ»ѾͰͷˣȴû뵽һսϴԭֵߵߵܺӣ˸𺱩Ķħ
ʱҽٱȫٽˮ
ŵڹУѶʣϸ̥ȷʵ£
ҽŵһڣŻش𣺡΢Ҷԣȱһ׼ȷ¼
Цһ¿ǻȱһײġ
ҽٶʱŵߵͷ죡кδټԺƺǶʱ뽭в鿴ƽԺ룬޷ɫ
⻰ϵĽǳͫһɫлͣվųҽǰⲽ
ҽٲ֪ĥʲôͷſڵɪɪ
ŵºȻɤͷڵô˵̥£ģԼ˵ģ
ҽǻίڵõϿɣݺʵ΢Ҳǽշŵ֪֮ϲԺˣȫһţ
·𼲷ˣʱ䲦Ƽա
ǹɼҵɱˣ׳ŵ̧ͷ͵ֻŵһƬʺů̩Ȼ
һΣսˣ
ŵǺȻʲôŭѸƽԳһ˿ѵõͷش齱ߣ޳˫ȣԹԵֹȷ·ݣĸι˵̫ҽ
ҽó⻰ŵǵǸ⣬Ȼ˵ί񣬵˼ס
ŵҲǻʳʵϵĻ֮һˣ˾Ǵˣһͬʣۡ
ȻӵϲŵǸֻԸܼһصūţѹ
ͷʱС˼ɫͻŸҽŻ£ˡ
ţŵ²ͷˣ𣬷ʢŭʱȥ˺ţ˿̾ûǱҪˣֻǫİڰ֣ˣˣȥˡ
ͷƼһѵŵɫһףЩǱܾԼٻɵĳɹ
¼æһһڲ輸ƴãԸһŮȥ빤ֵŮԭһڸƺá
֮£Ϥ
ǡ
**
Ĵ﷦ζĶȹһ£߸µСѾ£ϸߣصÿֻܲϡ
ԽԽᣬżܣʯԼתȦɢɢġ
ҹﳣμԼѲŵ÷˶ҭ
˯ã翿ϴ˸С
ϻصԼˮСԺԺУһֻסؿڣµɤߣҪ㡣
һ󼱴ٵĴϢϺȻؿһͷһƣɫǰϣӳȾһƬɫˮգɵˮձԵ̰ɫĸɺۡ
Ķմϵգ
ɻؿڵʪﱻСסĴУʱӿͷǰһƬˮա
عζʱߵͨ죬æسޱǺ壡
ôûͿʼ֭ˣ
ûо飬ķӦ߷̽ͷ˿ڱյý˷֡
ԼڱغãɹڱţˮҲɲˣ뻹Ǽæ齣зһ¶Ƕϡ
ŵĿֱ֪ɾĪöˡ
ȥֻǶƬ̹ʪﹻã
æкʯţ˵ȥй䣬Ѱʵӣʮ
ʯСճԲ˯ãԸȥɢɢǺ£漴ԸһںͷţԼŽȥС
СׯļУȻﷱ·ûƼһµӣ̷ҵǴ鲼ϣӲֻûȥԸơ
һַųصСߵþƣʯɻȰЩȥϢ
ΣЭͣһҴֲеǰĵԼԼɣԺʱ֣ãöˣû
ζǺݡ
Ҫ̤УȻǰСģΣգ
϶ʱһ⣬ƧʲôΣգ
ܲ¶ܵΣϢѵǽ׷ˣ

157

ϻŲ·һͷͦŶ㡣
ڵƹһãȻע£ͷСյ蹦򣬲𣿡
˾͹ˣ
СﶼЩƽŨҵľϢڴ˴ȺԵޱͻأһ˿ûˡ
εǰĿ⣬ش𣺡Ӧû⡣
ϣ
ҪǣҪҪɱʹ찡ô˵ģ
Ƭ̣ȶˣԼǽǻѹŶӣɴƹˤվʯߵ̨ǰڶŲҶĵƹʵкʵЩĲ𣿡

ⶼʲôʱˣеǰͦҪģ
ƹ˫֣õļӣҲûͷԸȫãһӣӹԼСϣĿſڡ
ȳţ𳤵һĿĻʽ磬ãȻĹˣȴûƼӰ
ϺɵĸżȻûˡ
ǹŨҵϢ˼٣ҲܸܵȴҲˣһۣಽͬȥ
ǹϢԾӰΣȴʼղ
벻˾ʲôͼܸ٣ΪʲôϢôĿŵĸȴ
ŵ˼֮УϵͷŶӣʯȥûв˺һ·ŻعԼоԸŵӰʯߺܶ࡭
ȹϲͷԵ˾ͻ֣ڶϵİȻǶԹϰѸ̥ʹ̫ͬ
ϸеϵİҪߣܵľһץס̧ͷϤɤͷϡ
һɤľһ⣬͵̧ͷۿʱͺˡ
˫һ΢΢зעԼϷʵɤԳһ˿裺ӻСùûգ
һ˲ۿʱͺˣ̧ס죬Ƶ͸ָ죬ôˣ
ԶʯļĿˣ־ŵƺԵ쳣ִɬӹϸϵİ󣬾ɵ㶵վԭأʳ֪ǰȰο
ǹɼҵϢôˡΪͷһƼͦŶӵģŵֽţԶڰ˼¶档
һ·侲źСǰ̴ӣһΣڹڻ
֮šһӡľ룬һᣬСԵûţ£ûС
ϸˣƲ샴Сˣÿ¶һ·ϼ
ǡŵ²ҵͷ˫ۣû͵һٿǸ⡣
Ϻۿɵ²ͲŶŵģ
Ȼ˵һ룬üҶϣ˵ƭиǴұЩˡ
϶ʱͷð̣һţð㣡Ǿǰɣ;Ͳ¶ˣСһӣ
ĹĺһŤͷߣ
Сһ·ֵߵߵĸԲĵڣСڶͷأߣҪºˣε԰Ǿǣ˵ò¶˵ô
·չŷԼ߷˷ñ߿ң
ԶʯҭͲ޸ԸС̫ķš
ָŵġɰģŵ˿ؿڵĽŸҲɢ˴룬ֽ̧ϰϼȸǰ
ϲŷƵѺӵĳƷܰȴȻһŲˣֻܻͷŭСݺݵ£֣
ճڣͼ³ǣһϥѣᱧ
͹Ŀǰķԣʯһ۵ͷ飬ǺþûܹС˵ĸо
Դ˿̣˫ŸգĿھһС¹ײ̧ܵ첲§סСƾܣſҡſҡ
ȴ̲ס̣ǱСǹϢˣһ̶롣
ǲ̫úˣ
̫ҽվͻϵ㰲ţ·̫˻ؾ
СԳ㵣ͷ˿Ťĵͷɻô͵ģиû֪͵ٰ
СһĴţǹ¶ָȷķ򡣡
Ц±ˣôŵģͲŵһأʱԸȷȥĶôôˣ
ʵЩ𾪣ԭΪֻҪ¶棬ͲҵŵٶҲ̫˼ˣ
ô᲻ȷ´򱿰˳츮;˰ɣ
϶ʱ˫ۣô֪ģ
ŵ鷿ĵͼ㶯
룬̹Ȼǰǰϸͼûǣô֪Ҫ
ǣ㿴ͼǲǻҹɽϺͲĵͼ
ϵԲۣô֪
㿴ŵͼûԭۺۼлصͼᣬ˳ҲˣȻǱ˶
ԾĿ²µǴطУѡһ֮Ҳܿ϶Ǽϰɣ
϶߳ɼʡԭӦȥϣ·ߣذǶε·;ʱͳԲˣͽѡһ֮أͼֻмϵׯٺ
СǣƶĿñˮΧţ̤ʵЩô
ϣ
ΪʲôԼǱʶµľٶᱻСµôף
˫ǳֻͫһӲСƵĿ־С
бǰžµӣͶµӰֱڵǳͫڸͦıӳ¸䣬΢͸ĽâĻꡣ
ϵ˼˲ע¸ĵһŨ֮ʱȴСĿƣ̶Գһ˿ɻ֮ɫ
˳ĿͷԼǰѾʪһƬ
ŵƵ̧ͷ˿죬ƺûꡣ
ǼǺͦӽ§סСŻŵĵҪؼңǰͷ·ߵͷ죡
±û飬ŵջͣһΪҪˣʱŵһԾ̤ŷͳׯ
Ƶ׷ӣǱ˦һ·ֻԱĻȥʯһߡ
ܲζҲ֪ƷʾЩãѵΪֵǣѰǿ𡭡


158

ڹϵָ£˻صСլӣССݵůϣžͼ˫ɫ澪ŵĿעһըı
ϳס壬æ̧ͷ³ԺƬ̣͵ûѡ
ŵˣĬԳһ˿ɫƺŵòᣬǼŻѣ
ϣ԰¿ȥ
δľŵһʱûзŭʶϵİڹϴߣͷԵĹԹ߳Է
ϼæʣµǶͻϴѡ
յ̫ͦŶӶ㣬֮ڼУ⵽µʱѾ.죬Ϣ
Ϣ漴Է֮ĴϢ׻ⳬƷʾġս
Ϻò׽ʪ͸£͸еһȲϢҪԼᴩ
תͷһƣСѾʹֱߣ˫ڻ谵ԷйڣǷĿ⡭
£ϼæ壬ɲþŵ¿Լʪ͸ĶǶԼѶǶµԲ󸹲æӼͻûأ
Ȼ˫ǳͫȼɫĻ棬۶дšǶҪǶ
£ϼˣȥѽ
Ȼһжˣһֻĸ첲һѽȦסȵϢƹ󲱾ȵһ³˵Ϣù̺¡
УˮСź򡱣Ҳøˣ
ȻСѾһϥ˿ű콫ϱ￻Ȧڻв´
űü±Ե
¾뱧𻰣ô
˫ǳͫޱȳֿ˵øһϲˡ
һ𻰡
ɵСƽ׽ŪҲֻ֮ǰԡ̸ġΪȦף
Ųϵأ
עΪ˾ϻؾ㣬֪ںȹ»û·Ƭ̶ҵͳؿڡ
ͷһոյľĶʱˣеĿСûΣհɣûŰɣ
Ȳ֣Ҫ⿪ŵ½鿴ȴԷס
̧ͷ˫ǳͫ΢΢Գһ˿ĲɣɤƵĶڣˣ²㵣ġ
ϵķ˲伱ȣǹɬԾɿޱסŵ½üˣ
ûشֻǴźʼ磬۶ͻΧ֮ʱһ׵ĺӰȻܳ
ΪϵʱľΣСȻѹڴ֮С
ΪضתƱע¼µǺӰͷһö͸ʯյҫ£ۼ˴Ŀǿ⣬յùֻۣгʵ
½еǧһ񣬱ѹȲ֪ؿľսʣأ
СŹµڻ˳⿪˱ĶǶԾɾְһеھ͵ڡ
ŵ˳ƽִڹϣָ͡׼ȷλá
ڿھţ¶𣿡
ͻǡָоýһʱֵʱ̲ס˳һ¡
һˮȻ˳ŵ⧲һ
ϣ˭ˣ˭ˣ

159

ǹѡ˴һլӣҲסСһҵĶ
ûйеľʸṹʯͷĿ½ǣһʱ⣬޺ڽƽϢˡ
ƽòʯԶ֣ᳵӣû澣̴ӳ˳ΣʯֻߵԷſڣʾӷԸ
Ȼŵº󣬻ַԸѾͷţŲȥ᷿˯
ʯᣬĵ£࣬ûԷŲֻۣԸŽ´ԹһԺŰա
ݺһĿǽĴ̾;һ㶣Ƭ̺ĥˡ
ʯһۣŵ£²ڣū澵ֲԽֻŻ̸ǡ
ǰ͵͵һ۵»˯ûͦ㡣
һ˯ڶʱڿϿǽһ棬ǸŶӱţСǴӱ˯ģһ˫ֻҸĴؿڡ
عζϽŵӡô·ˣڵᱳʹģСиӣ
ĹƿԼؿڵһ˫צӣת봷һȭǰС˯񾲣·ЮžΥů밲ݣùʱҸС
ˣԭСһء
ϼѵŲƣ»
ûգ̫ҽһ̴Ӵżϵ
ǺϵһСׯͳס˶ʮ໧ԲΪĴڲôЩӸˣ̫ҽ͸ߵֻסͬһ£̴ںߴһżª
һձһůʪĺõϢȴҲҲǵ尾ʱڣͦḁ̊́
ǡС촺ᣬһգɸߵľ̨ͷһֻĴţСš
촺ڼ䣬ÿһۼڴľΧŴ峤׼һӵảš
ÿնûŵʤߣһʷĽͣԻáıӡһ궼˷籩Ϯ
ǶԴ˼ŲƣỨŵһһǣȴһһȺİˡ
ǲųȺռԼլӵİˣһΪЩı꣬㹻һöȡ
ΪȺƺǾеĹ塣
ϰշֲʲô󣬾;Ⱥ˸ȡԸжȥᡰš
ǣĻ֮ľĶǡ
ĵĶǸ֣Ծ߼̨ϸľתŲдգȫĴ̾
Ͽ챻ˡ
кڣһֱڱԵǻڣҲ֪Ըʲô᲻˳ۣʹΧһƬҲδػںܶ١
ûͷֱʾŵֹͣһ촺ûԸˬҪ׳־顣
ŶԷһתͷʯ񣺡Ļûл
˳ȥˡ
һ죬ⶼ˸ˣС˼ſ֣
һڼţֵ̧ݸʯ񣬡Ҳתתźһ֡
ʯƲƲ졪
þŵ¿ˣŵվҲҲǣżܱߵиѵĸƵá
ŵºòŴʯ治İѵϻء̳ԼæȰͷкöຢģһײ
ϲΪ⣬û¶ŵͺˣҲ̫ˣ̫ҽҲҵö߶
ʯֻӦ¡
ѬϮˣʯ˼ʵĶ񣬶һ룬ڼ֮ʱΧ۵Ĵͺʱʱһ󾪺
ûѰ£ƼһԴСĳĿһȺ帾֮С
ӿŲߵߣƼСһרעĺƭһСãðЩӮȥôոմʹҡʱ̫̣Ӧô
СúߵĵͷӹСͰ
¹ǣɨһȦΧӵĴ帾Ŀڵһ֣һ壬˵ûǻᡣ
Ȼ׵Ĵ帾Ƿ׷ͳ˻һͭ壬Թ޻ڵĳƷƭеļҵ
ϣ
Сǰڼܵȫй޹Ĵˣ
ӴҲƭȥ֣
ϷŶӣӿŲȺߵСԣŭɶĿڣ˼ӣ
ŵһͷƼཱུϸߵС죬Ͻ
ΧͭĴ帾ǣһϾԹص
ϸʱȺĴ帾ٵæԼҷҲЩⲻȥæСǮ˼ҡ
帾ԾĲʣֹԹϱԹҲģôÿȴ͸ˣ
һڴ帾Ӧͣ͸ˣ
Сŵһͷλˡ
һ۵бɹȥⲻǿޣ
һ帾ָ̧Զ߼ڼս޵ЩˣҲģ˵Ǿľǲ£ۼҺӲỨţţĳЩˡ
ָĿ򽭳£úÿȴá
ӳ͸廨ͷһľŵ£ϰΪз۾ЦһСô֪ãͷһЦ§ϣǹÿĻȣù˲ʸۡ
ˡŤƿС
Щ帾Ҳ߯ˣɲϲ˵Ҿŵ²ãһĶ˽ͣЩҲЩѣǣͬҷɲñȡ
Ӵ帾壬ŹЦͻˣҪͣΪʲôȥỨţ
ЩҲסתͷ򽭳£ȴСҲЩЦüЦΪûıӡԹʲôʵ塣
һЦţȻû壡

  160

ϸҪһ۵ɤһܣ˼ǿˣôô˵أ
תͷƹȥԭǸոǸС˫ԻĴС
Ȼﲻںδܻһ׷ߡ
ձСƭһѹǮСʮͣ㣬źеĽɫεı׺żɫߵ㣬ɹĺۼ
Сŵ첱Ӵ֣̬ȸĳ˵Ҫģ͵͵һǸͫ㷺ġ񡱣жʱ˵ͷ­ԲѷĴš
ڲԴ׶ûƢʱڣ״һݣìͷһתСб۾ʣСô£
ŵ±иһ֮£ϵЦ̽ˣҪݡƷʾܵŴ氤ѵ
ǡڴʱԶһһתͷͼẺӻȸԾΧŴׯߺʲôϢ
ܵ︽ΧĴ塪ԭǡʵ۰ʦؾϢ˴塣
ԴĺϢ
ܱ͢ˣʮġˡƽԤʾС겻ܵɱӵв
ʱ·ˮͣ帾ǵЦȾùһʱǳԴףһȸԾ
˵ʥϴ۳ƷʾǱȻңս޲ʤģ۴һͳ꣡
˵Ǹ΢ձϺ׵ͷͷ٣ǴΨһţҲǴѧõ
˿̣Ϻ¶Ľͷ·ڳذһսʤƵʮս񣬲ңɼĳƷʾˣԺԸӡ
ΧĴĵۿ죬Ǹż¡áĸŮӿ۽Ǽˮ̧ͷϺ峤˵ǴܹҲܸƷʾˡ
ޣһԵĺͯǻһŵ۵Сڴ·ȥ㣬ۼǸ˵еӢһ
ϱǰĻ𺳣û뵽ԭ߻ʵԶһСô಻۵СǻŲκθ߹پ΢İ֮ģһǻұ飬ȫĿеӢۼϡ
һȻĴӣޱǾ䡰²ʧķ
ǴӵϺߴ˵һΡĳƷϰɣĹ¡
Щѹ¼˵˲񻰣˿̾ſ秵Ľ
þŵֲ֧§űЦҲ߯ˣΪʲô˵Ͷǹҹģ󻹹Щ¶
ǸϢ˵飬ۣ޿̵תͷŭԳƷʾܺӣ񾯸棺Ϊ㳤ƯǾͲ㡣
ֱӾߣӴһëûޣʲô
¶ʱɫһ˵¶
ϼСЩˣæԴǸִУֵ̧ھŵؿڣһ·ĻСլ
ţϸ˳ë±Ǽƽϣɱǳˣ
ﴰӰţµʶ䣬ͷעĿȴƾۼ⣬ڵĿڣ˹µأҲҪһ¡
ϣ
ҪջظոյĻƨ
²ˣ۾бС̫ҽô˵ţҪ꺢һ¹ܳлֵԷˡ
ʯ˿ҲӢ˵öԣû춼Ҫˣʧ
ŵ´ͷЭˣ̧ͷһĶʯ̾Ϣ·żЩ϶ûһѣȥȡЩȥðЩϻ
ʯʱͷһůŵǸĵˣ
׼ӦͼһͦǰĲСļơ
£֧ʯûͣɣĶȥģҪðԸȥð죡
ʯȻϵˣʱͬŵ¶ţū澾͸һĶȥ
𴩵ľŵº٣ĿĶŹϣùһ£¶㳶ƽˡ
Ϻʾͦأ͸Ϊ˸Χֲǹģ˵ˣǵϣôܸĳƽرָУ͸һº󱳣ǲ㹫ƽ
ʯ񣺡
ҲЦֱСȭͷյÿ죬͵ػ񣬼æסʯ졣
̧ͷӿŵ£ͼžµӣֱӡ
ϴֺõૣ͸¿Цء
°ʹŹϣ΢˫óԵɤźݻס˵Ļ³Ϊ˶е
ûסٴһЦĵˣⷽѪͳһֱǶ̰壬ûͰ˽˻һƽ
Ⱳӿûһˡ
Ȼ⻰˵ձСѾСۣڲ˼õԸҲ
ɾŵȻѾЦеıģһгžǿ
Ϊ˰ǳֻЭ߽Էֻ׼һ£Ŷ
䣬·ܿС󻶿˦СβͣƵϢһ˲ɢȥ
ŵ͹Թ֣ûͷʱ˸ͦĶӡ
ӳڹǰδеᡣ
Ӻˡɬ̧ͷ£ϲҪӰˡ
³ǣӵס˼С㣬ϲ㣬ҪĵĻʺˡ
ͷһЩѹؿڵһСľѿڶ£˵ͻ᲻ʺһֻһλС˶Ҳˣ
¶̫ҽ
¾ûĹ¶𣿡
ʲô
ĻϻʾϴӴѯʣ˵ϻؾ׼λֲ檣һ
ŵ˫ۣĲٵҲ߯ˣ㻳Ҳν»ɩ߸Ҳкˣ۽ȱܼ̳лλˡ
һ⻰ĶʱôҲñ˵ĺӽֽɽҲɡ
˽ײ֮ļ죬ǶԸ̥硣
ٽֽԽأϳھŵ»ﲻ֣ҹҲ˯̤ʵ
Сһһϰ·ƣһȺ̫ҽŮźţҹʱȴȻˡ
¸һ˺Ѱʹ۵ùϴ˯оѣһһʹϮ

ŵ´˯оѣȻһҵľУΪΣգʶ͵ӣְγͷĳ
ӣŷֱѾʪһƬ
ˮˣ

161

⧲ļʹУ·˹ıܣԽȣǰŮٵʼн
ȻⲢܿһĵʹֻܻ⡣ڴʹϮʱʹĿ޺Ǵĺ޿ơ
յľŵ׹ǿˣ
һ飬˯ȫޣ׶ûüϣһѩ׵£·Ů١
Сĺҹѡ
һڸĹùøŮٷ׷׸ſĲֿһ·ǰĵƻ𣬽Сҫͬ硣
½ſ֣ûļô̡
ϸʱǣǾи̣ϼ̽ʱ·;ڴ˴Ъ˽ţȺӳٸ·
ȺǣִʹʵЩֻǸ̼ҵѾߣ˵˿Уѵصĺ澣ⳡҲЩеóɲеͷ

һĲҽ͸񷡣
ڵƻͨһһ뷿䣬ҩˮ
Ůٵòƣóŵɤָϡ
޷ʱ侲һܵʹûң˫ϣ԰׵Ϻˮ裬ɰ׵ļ£ɫľɼ
ŮٱŵȥúţκǼһﲻȰӲҪڳ鰮ӡ
һվڴͷɫ̣Ըȴûϵ˿¡
˿̵Ĺϸ޷ҵʶ£˿޺ǾĽǽô˵Ļ桭
ŮתͷʱƳŵ²ҰС¶ľ֮ɫº͵ĵ̨ף£ڳȥü
ŵ·δţԾĿɿڴԭء
Ůվ££
»ع΢һ£ͷŮ٣ôˣ
ŹϲҵĿ޺ŮٵȻظһ飺¿ԳźźϢ
´ԴǳͫתԥƬַ̧̻ǿ򶨵ãû¡
Ů˵ðɣҵģһɲҪſඡ
ϻǹת
ᱡ̺̺µ˫ȱһʹ˺¸·ա
һ˻̧ͷŮ٣ָˡ
ŮǰøһЩѵﲻҪҪʱ°̧ߣͷʹ
۵ǰתз·𱻶۵˺һֻεֱƺҪอק
ŮٺŽѣҪıƵʡ
һԵľŵʵڰͲסɻɤӣһŮ٣ûзϵĶӺܴ󣿡
Ůٰæ֮Ŀŵ£ⲻϻ𣿺ӶҪˣܲ
ɴĳƷڹȽʱʣֻ̣øЦŻش𣺡صµĻٲʱô󡣡
ŵŵ÷ɵ촽ɺӵĳڲûô󡣡
ŮٺΣڲſʼ˼Ҳ̫ˡ
һסϵһ߽ͣ£ڶģʱҲųģֻҪ̥ͷĴС
ŵ´˼һӤͷĴСüҲɣܽʵŲô󡣡
Ů̲סĳŹͷĳƷʾһۣĵһĺòãرƵá
жʵ˭ӲӲţ
·İգôġ
ŵԳ֮ɫͲ취ôǰûڲĲ
Ҳ߯ˣŮٲûʾԱţЩ˼쿪
ʲô취óӣȥŹһ⣡
԰꣬ڱС΢Ҳǿɲ˵ģӳʱ˺ѵġ
ԣŵʱ׺䶥һסţһæµŮæǰ
£𼱣ĺܣ¶ģ
´ͷ̧ס˫ۡ
¡¡Ķûͣ£ŮٽĻһ䶼û塣
Ůټ״æԸ澣³ȥЪŰա
ǿ֧澣һŲҰ׵СĿŮ٣һһٵľ棺ֻһͲҪˣø±š
Ůλ緢ĳƷʾ
˫˸һƵ΢΢ûǰ㲻ǵơ
˵Ǿ棬
סԼΨһİޡ
ͲҪˡʲôҪҲ˵
ŮʵڶûСʾԶԣֻʹɱкŵ¹ƣ²ضǣӺأʱͷб𣬲ƣָˡ
»ûӸղŵľлع¶˳Ůٵָʾߵԣ̺һǡ
ۿָĻ棬Ǽ·׻˰˰ٻأ˵һ죡
Ůһ˳ƷʾЦžŵһ飬Щ˫ϥأк澽̧ȥЪϢ
һλûϹ׼
ֻʣ¹˺ѷεĿ޺ʹʼƵ
ÿһ̶λԼôʹȥúӰȻľģֲϵĽ
Ůڹļ϶Ҫ˷
޺˫ʱ־ŵѾڴˡ
ȻûеʧǸӰˣһɼǿȡί
죬侲Ůٵָʾйɵ
ٽȫʱʹƵһδξʹ
޾ͷʹһġʮָˣ滺
Ů򶨵ָϲӿˣһͷһʱҪоͷʱһսͲҪķʹ
ϵ˫ּ˺ѣĺˮǱˮ̳ʮعȻŴ󺰵Ҫˣ죡
һŮһӰԼƵʡ
ʹﵽ۷˲䣬ϻǱۣܵһŮټæס򢣬죡죡Ҫҧ
̥ԴҪʱ벻Ϲһ˺Ѳڡ
ٲǰŮٽ̵һȴɼ۵ֻʣ±ܡ
ŮٵɤģһƬ֮УһӤ쳹
ˣˣǸС
һ㣬ɨȥ˹еʹ˲ֻʣҸ
˸ȱڣ˲ʧ
΢΢ۣһСС壬ְ˽ŵĲð
۵ܵ뽫Сһ£
ǰ߽ȥڣûʶ
·ů˿Ķӯ
ϴ˯нתѣůȵĺӣ
תͷѾ͸Է߲ӰͶڵذϣĻζ
˫ǳͫҲ΢Цˡ
ӡ
Ӻܺã۾˯
գ۾СӵĿڣ˵ǸŮ
ŵ֪ʲôֽ̧յ鷢󣬡ԣŮܽС˶С㣬Ʒû
Ϻ˿˸ӦǰС󣬰ֹɣþʱļ尾
ͷһ̥ԲǰԸ
˵һ㲻ʧҲܣΪݲͬˣµľ󣬾δ˶Ҳȥĺף𣬹ᡣ
ɫįŵԸ澱ӣͷԹһƼȱż˵ĺӶÿܶࡣ
㶣Ÿô˵
ԴһתСеĺ壬ʱðɣ
£ǲӺӳˣ

162

˫ǳͫ΢һ̶ס˹Ϯŭ𣬽һ̹ȻĻش𣺡ܰ˼롣
б۾ɵĶСҪ׷ʣݵùþһӣź߽ݡ
һЦĽŵĺӵݵߣĶԾŵ¿ڣƣˮ¶ǣСչˣôžͺö˰ɣ
ŵüʹɫ졣
ȭͷÿ죬Ʊأˣ
з˫ۿŹϣϣѵԼĺ˿ô
ϱЩ˼գ۾СΪʲô˵
ǣ¸ǡնĳϣСӹӣ鵽ϱ
ϼֵĿͰ͵Сĺӣ
Сһļͣ¸ֻһ䡮ôⲻɻ󡣡
ϣ
һƼӵʱȷʵе£ǰĺ˵Ҳˡ
ԼĺӣƤûչһţͷϡϡСëͮͮ۾ţ׵ݡ
ֻС״ȽϿɰ΢̣ĸ߰ʡ
񽭳¡
ϽסҸЦˣҲΪСھΨһŵ㣬˵С
Ͼֻһ˲ͰųСһ˳ˣҲúĶ֣ϲòУ£ͷһǡ
̧ͷ򽭳£ЦҸ磺¸ȡա
֪ʼҺȡйأù˰վƲʽȡóʾҵĺӣɻʵ۴
ɹϲûʵȡԸŵ̶
Ϊĸļžŵ¶ݣԻأԸţССϲҸˡ
»澣شߣ⣿
ϣûУµġ
ǾͽȻ
Ȼò˼૵ȻȻ̫ˣܲܺЩ
ŵ°ҪƵȡ˶ʮ֣ȫԸԭɾܾˡ
һܴ죺һ
Ťĵҡҡͷµġ
ŵʹı˱ۣشŮ˼²͸̫źˣ
˼㱵ѿڶô
۾һֶ˵Ŀˡ
ͷ˯Сɲô
ͽн
Ͽʼӣÿɽ亣ζһСȻǰɫҪá
̫⣬ˡ
ʮ첻ܶһĳܳΪֻܽСм䡱ؾֵöٶٺҶ
ܵǣС׼ι̣
˵ʼҵĺӶĸιιʱܡ
ۿ޵һĸڵüҪܿƵˣ
͵͵ιÿرСɫ͸Ƿ˰˰ٵǮƵá
Сۣǳۣ
ӿµʱ򣬹ţȹѾ˾˺ӵ״մӻؾ
ڿϻţӸպ˯ˣ۵Ҫ̡
ɾŵ²ȥﲶȥˡ
ϾûкԸ⿪ӣСһһһĵģܺιʱԵ㡣
ǸС̥˯˶ʮ죬۾е
᲻öŹգûƳСһͫɫ
ͷʯڴʳģǱϴա
СԴӴͷ̽ǣЦʯȡЩǡ
䣬һɹͨСӴ̽Ǵĺӡ
ǾӣƬƬܰӴڵʯǰĲ輸ϣΪĽ
ϲֻٿϻƼСͷϴһ䣬ϲѯʡ
Сˬİѻ͸صǲȡ͸Ǻӡ
ĺӴʵڣֿʳջŤˣ־ҰֵôóԵʳ
СĲһ¨ܰӹϴڵݡ
ÿգɻǸܾʹˣÿվͽɻӡ⣬żܰȹϴǸ⡣
ĸĵʱڣ㺢ǵڴִ˲ƣ
ǱȴĴү赥ϼĵϸҲ
Ǹͫǲĺףģ𣿡
⻰ĴһԾԾԵģܹǮҲһֻŵš
ʵСÿض֣صĶЩͣŷһѪ
Ѫͳ˦ɽͷ
Ҳȹҧ㣡
ɼùҲǺ¶
ϵͷŻĽ˵ĳþ׿£㰢ѧá
Щòȡ˵ĴͬĺǵǶԽ³ݵͶء
Ϊŵƽİþ׽ŪˣǰհѴĽð˿Σǲ飬ɿĻˡ
һȺСëͷǸŽѧԣôƵĵ亣ѧһı¡
ӢǴĳƷʾ϶ľǡ˷˼ҵס
ֿ֣գ¹ȥϸ̻ؾˡ
صؾ˻ŴϼУһȺӡỨţһ·ƽ
ᣬۿԽ˵£᲻ǣסա
ºĴԸĴˣסյöٶٳԺ㡣
ϣǺڣ
ȺȻСӰ޵
˵ɣǶ᲻ߡ
Ӱܲӵƹֱ¸ǰ
̧ͷǸɹߵС
һ˫Բ۾СԺ󻹻زҡǣ
Сǣʲô᲻ùˣ㲻˵ϲƷʾô
СҭҭӲǵȻڶϲĲ㣬ҳˣȥ￴ĳƷ㡣
ֲǹû¶Ժ﹩ͣ㿴ô
СƲƲ죺ỨţָŽһЩ
³ǣЦһСתͷüҪһߣ
ǹЦ롣
תͷָ̧ԶľϵĻţС￪ڣ
СګګתͷǼ䣬ߡಡһƷ
ΧӰӹعͷʱǸͫ˺Ѿȫˣ
ΧȻһ󾪺
ۣƼСԾľ룬һ·ӯϣͷһȺ׷ϡ

ڴĿɿڴע£Цľܶ壬Ⱥ
Ӵġ
ʱϻؿһ۴ǡ
ӱϿҴǾףֵˡ
С׷һ·ƨĺӰѳݵĽظűŤġסҵڶϲľ㣡
Сֲ֧ЦǹҲڶϲ㣬һϲľǳƽˣ׷ˣȥա
³ᣣӭŵĹɫŻĺӣɤĵǣۼڵŵڼ

163

ǲǶСЦôŵűܲСɫҲԳ˿á 
ϴСͶС񣬴˿ǸܵΣҲЩİǼһëˡ
ȴ´ӶߣЩѰգôܸͺӱȣ
۾бԣֺöǣЦů
Щ죬һƢѾˣȻܵ¶ǰûй
ԭ²ʲôû£·âɣȴòٹִĸԼԭϽϾ
Ӧ⣬İͬηһķâ
³ˡ
һͷڹԺкֱײ
˫ǳͫؿֱգۼͷһԴС
ŵ̧§סļ磺ˣ
Ͼ¿Ļĺӣܾܣͷ
ŵ΢תе顣
ϵֱǶԵģӶԾŵ¶ԣȷʵЩͻȻ
ûڴƾնܼ˷ܺޡ
ʹ£ŵ¶ԺӵԾûɹ
⺢ӳˡǱϺô󾢶Ūġ֮⣬ûر֮ŵ̫ϣٿָĿΡ
Ǳܰ⺢ӣ͵͵ι̡
ŵֽӹ˯Ľ򱿰ﱧŲһģ߹㱧š
ϻǾСԼ޵ɶ
ɣСĿɰ֮
ŲˣָСһ̵ͦСǼ⣬Ц£ǲԽԽˣ
СͷԾû̫ſİЦһбϣǹأ˵ò˵ġ
϶ʱһۣ⻰ðɣ
𡭡Сˣ£ﶼ񡣡
ϲı⣺ûſأͷ̱쳤ÿ죬СĵʲôͿģˣ
ŵµͷϸ˿ĽӴֵġ
ʱֱֲˡ
һô
ϼˣ£ⲻף̱죡СʱҲʱ˹첲һһһصذǿЩأ
£˭ߵģ
ϣۿģ
ŵˡ
̴סͷתƻֺõʣ£˵ۼƷ̫ҽΪʲôⲻ
̫ҽҩֻܹ⵽һƷжΡ
һ⻰Ϳģⲻ˵ǸһƷ϶εľƷߣû˳Ʒӡ
˵㷨˵Ǹs˲£û׼Ǹһġ˫s
ҪǸƷ˶ǿɲˡȻǾȴһƷжεĻʾϢؾ¡
ؾ뷱ӵæµУӵ۴λ£˾ٹͷһ겻ܸĹš
ԭһ·ԵĴǣϳʧƣҲѪͳͶͽŻŮ
κλƷʾƺ޵õ֮۷壬˼ûܲ͸Ƹ꣬׾ȿسиƽ⡣
ʵͲСĵϣΪһԸϲԼ˼άʽ볣˲ͬ
˲²͸С˼Сȴ׾ͨ߼жϣģƴճ˵Ĵ¹ɡ
ֱװ͡
Ȼϵķ֮·ɾûôһ˳ˡ
ϻʵԾɲϣΣȹйɣҲԴһ֮ĸ١
ԹŵۺĽ϶Ľϣϱֻи˶ѣһ֮صĵ
ôһ£
ӵ۾ôʱֹƵ£Ⱥӳº󣬱ȻΪ˺ڡ
˼ҡ˽ҶѡӲǱȽ¸̧λԡ
ȻӦðնԸŵڣָܻƽ֮ǰĻ˰
ӵ˵쿪ŵ
Ƕŵԣ븸ʶ׼Իʺҡ
ӵ˫ͫʳأܷŵ
ŵĲ̹Ȼش𣺡ǲܳɣԸ֮λʺλֱȥӭȢ֮񡣡
ӵۣ
ֻǰ첻
³ˣͲһ飬ɾ͵͵Ϊʺ󡭡
÷ΪͶˡ
㻹һʲôע
ӵ۴δ˺޳֮ˣ
κ˻СŮˣˣ

164

¾ǻ󣬻ʺȹ˻պţֱΪʥ̫Т̫󣬺һӶ̫ 
ǣӭ˶һۡ޼
ӵôһλŵȴ죬Ψһûнܹ⣬һ˳ӶûС
ϵŲδ˸ĻУֻйļ檡
ͷ̥λǺġ
Ϊûζ޷ֱӱΪµȢԻʺӭȢ빬
Ȼϸ֮£һĶڽƷϡ
ȰԼҪҪƽģȫƺֻһƷۣһ̶ƽ
̫¶Ҳ⡣
̫⣬ΪͲںԼŮƷ˵һ衣
̫⣬Ϊͷһ̥˸˶۶ߵƷչ鶼ҪףŸġ
ȵ죬ϳŲȥ̫ҽԺȴ
ûλݣеֹ̫ȴջʺ̲õģԭĴԽȻ̫ҽԺͷԼˡ
Ժдһ̫ҽŹһأ밲򸣽𰲣ǰͷûгƺʺ֡
̫ҽǶǳ켣ڹе˾ûƤǳģ㲻Խ޴ҳƺ϶Űݻʺġ
ʵЩϰߣɴʺһ̵ֱö˼ӡ
Ҳǽ˭ףǵø˼˾һºЦë
ֻѧϰŵ£˶һӵɫޱľĿԶƽˡ
Ҳ֪ķ⣬ȥˣûż
Ҳ̫ҽԺͣãʢȣӱͷ»ã˯˶ãͻۿ֣˭ɣֺ塣
ɰѾŵ¸ʻˡ
ҲܳƵ£Ͻоŵ¡ϡ¡ر˳ڡ
¡ʮĽҲޡúܱŤ
ϻص˲ֱƫѰѵûƫͷƼվԷ⡣
Ǵ۾밲ơСš
϶ʱͷһϲѵðСȻ֪۹Ůˣ
ϲӣ߽ݡ
͸ķ϶ƼС뿿ϣһֱպýС볤֮䡣
ụ̈أⱧҲ߯ˡ
Ȼһ̹ϾˣСȻ͵͵Ľ⿪½󣬶ֱŵĽѱСԴԼؿڴ
ǡι̵ƣ
Ǹʲôι̵¶ûܰҪΪԼ
ڣһ˿жû뵽СԺӰôȻ˽ôĸԵ⡣
ȻȻСϤЦ׽Ū˺ֻЦ
ɻĿ͸зϸͼС˿ŻŬʵıģǹһЦ
ӣ֭㵹ǺȰȰ
Ϻûðˡ
ô˵Ҳܷӵӣʮֹصɤӡ
ȵɻµСæѱ£½󣬹ƹ磬밲
ϸ˻¶죬ϵףùߣȥ̫ҽԺˣ
һӣûأɲҽУæСк±˳ƺͻûܲᣬʶˡ
Сգǳͫǳ¡
ȹϻػԸձƭıȻع񣬿ʼ۴Сֱţһž͵ڹϲϣ
ϳʹһϲؿС󣡡
Сʱ°ͣõĿС򣬹ϱ𱦱ڻԹ£иʰӣԺܽӡöġ
ûиƽϣڨڨʼ磺ôˣСʱҲܱôƺ
һɵбۿСǱ¶ºô׼ôˣϲƺ
»Ƕʷʱʼɱڻ˳ӵĵԴ
**
ºĵȼڱ
һƷ϶ε˶Ҳǳs
Ȼ˫sһ֮ңҲһĳƷͨԣмƷϢأ൱ǿʡ
ϲ񣬸ѵƷǿԲú׵ġ
ºӭһϲѶȹϢѾ۹ǲʹڴ˽ͣΪۼ
λݵͬڴ˶
̫ϻ˿ڣùϳΪһʺ󣬾͵ôͬףʹöŷǿ۹ϵ˵ϲ콵Ϊ
һǶ£ֶԣϾǽµıˡ
ɰѹϸֻˣ͵ߵ߶ȥСɪ
ϣԺǲǵöԳƴ㣿
ûشֻһаЦᱧԷʵжùףû²ҪϹ԰ڵĵ
һ󡰰ɤӶˡ
ŸСģ˵ԺҲ¶ˡ
ڵи綼ۣɤ£²ҪˣͲˣ
¶󣬹ϳСã״ƲĿʣ˵ȥ̽ˣ
³Ĭ϶ʱӿ졣
ǵĽϵĽֻţ֪ôõġ
²ڣҲ׷ʡ
˺һ²Ὺڣ˵ˣûź
һ̧ͷ˫ǳͫǱ´ôã
ش𣺡㣬ĸ¶Ȳ޻ؾЩޱϾ·޺ԭ
įĵͷȷʵﲻ㱣סҲǿ
ȻߵɤȴֺȻĸ˵ޱȴǰˣ˵Ҫмϣ̻ӳ뵣
ϳԾͷ˫רעǳͫ
ۣߵ鷢ȥ󣺡ĸ˵ǿ԰ġûܴǵǿУ
޵յ֪ĸ֮ʱûиоŭеֻĿ־塣
ǰΪеʱǺã˴Ҳֱֲһ̲ᵽڡһµԳܵۡ
һٸһλᡣ
ãǣǣǣۿǰסʵ۵Ĳͽεºܣ˱µۡ
һůŻݵѬ㡣
ڵ۵Ļش𣺡ǰ
ȴϸŵĹϣʱһģ£
ա
лҪ˵
лҰĴ飬־ųĽʽˣϣ±Ҳܿ~

[ҪżзգСգΪǳ󲿷ճǸڷȽ׵ĵҲڷ]
½أ뿴־ҲУǵճҲ~ǣ޲Ʊûжܺйͬȵ㣬ֻܺݺݵôô~ټգ


165 1

ո˸ʺҪ˵ð̣ǶǹŨƲָ
֪Ķðѡ˷׽̫ʤ䷳ڰڳ׼ѵǣŲͣ뻭԰һʱա
϶ڹæŲÿվյһѵţһһţһžͳԵͣСƽȥ
ţԭǶůϲõ¶κ̫䲻롰򲻿ƶʡɹѡˡ
ﻰⶼ¹϶ռʥ裬
ѹϸģιˡ
дһţ˵һֱ͸ЩźţΪӦλӦ
ǲ˵ĵϡ
ϣĵȴԴǾܾ檵ĻţȻ
С̫ܿʥܻϲһżд֡Ϲйĸ֮޵㰲ţҲò̫Ưġ
һ죬ϵָϴһžְ̧ѻŴж˿ĸ˺ˣ
ȥţˡ
Ȼ䣬һϤӰת룬̤᷿ס⡣
ûͨǶʱֽţҴҹһأ밲
һʱҲڹϣ޴ĲƲ輸ϱԼ˺õġʥ͡˶٣̧СְƴãͰͿС
ˣίˣСڿ˵ֻһƴƴºӣһ̽Сԭα¶
һ˫ǳͫ΢УɨֽǣЦһʣϴŮ
϶һģӡ
СôŪǺô
϶ǵÿҪˣӱµľ
öơ͡ˣһǾǧ
¿첽ԣ޳ָڲ輸ϵߵߵôӵģר˺ʥּӣ
һ죬бСһۣ¹дʲӻ۸ͣ͵Ц
Сֲ֧Ȼ˾αػʾޣƽ׸Լ¡
ü֪µҡڲŴߴ٣Ҳǲ˼ҵ˼±̬ġ
šü壬Ƶóһʵѣֻ˺޵ʥ
£ŤǲС˺ġ
¹ǣֽ̧ӵ뻳С
ﻹŤţ죺ôȥС˿
ֻ۰Ȧøͷһ˫ǳͫϢ޲ڸС˿ô
Ŀһ˫ͱǱסһ飬պ֪Ǻ쵽
ʵͷԸ
ΪǹھΨһĸոӷⶼһһ
ϵĵӻûʵڣǻʵ۳ո߶ŻʺûıȻǹԼԸ̹ס
ϱϱԷСͷСˡʱԹ޷в
ͿӺ󣬳Ļ˯һֵΡ
һȺװŮΧһȦͷƼʱõİ衪
Ѫδɵţͷͷڼ̳ϣţͷӴⷭѪ⣬ںɫ⵭ƣԼδɢѪϢ
̳վŸͷڵţ߶Ź޷Ļ
˼㱣ֻŽһ̳Ȼ̧ۿɫĻͫﵹӳһϤ
ʺһŤתҲܵǣ
ګګĿкȻͫӳǰȶ
ʺȶ
Ȼһ鴤˯оѹʶԣ¡£
߿ˣ
һһĪĿ־·һҸ밲ݶΪӰ
£
һŵԷ澴æ߽ݣ׻԰꣬ϷŸߣԸū澲Ҫݴͻĵˡ
ϴϢδ亹乣µʹ֤˷ŷһжʵġ
ʺ°Ҳ
ǸκʵǸſеĻʺǰȶ
ǳη·ǰ¡
Ťתı䣬Ƿǳйأ
ĬãϸԸ̫ȥ̽ȶǷ쳣ٶ
**
ȶմؾԴо·ºоһѹȥͷ
ٽ֮̽ȶصǣ漸ҹǿĸʯ͵˾ǡ
ĸʯĴ˵Ĺż֮Уԭּأȿϻ滭ء
ܽģֻмʯҡ
ʯĴ֮ȶЩصĴ˵棬㽥š
Ͷ·ŵʼնӶǸϣѾǻʺˡ
ǻʺˡ
ҲǳִȶʱһЩŹֵΣμԼ԰ʹ
ܿ԰һһľЩξ԰Ŀͼ鿴ͼסͥԺ
ʼĸʯĴ˵ʯţڸ׷ʯǰж
лҪ˵
ֺʹ࣬½дЩɶ¶أ˳ǰдһдɣԭ

166 2

ϽǣԶĵطһƬٳĻ
麵լԺ߲ǽɽԸ߸ߵǽһ·ӣץŵͷһֱ̻Ưͻͤ
ͤеĺʯαĥ͹ˮͷ˷ĻΧƣĿǴƬƬĽۻݣĸڵĻС
ˣ·ɵö࣬Ϊһյξ̡
̫ûı£ȥ˼˿ʲôû
û⶯ûϵϼθ˵Լξ¶ΪֻǾجΣ˰⣬ûж԰ȶչ顣
˼ǳξУŰȶʹɤ϶ȴʵʼա
۵ſĿۣΥ˳ӵƿ̳ϣôڸǵͭ
΢΢ɢ⣬Լܿͷǿ鿴ɫԭʯ
ſʼ߶ǰĻͱģ
ξУ·ص԰ͥԺУճյȺžŵ¹
İŮܵǰ˵ȴö
ŵ½ЪԺɡ
ԣûһһӳ䣬ʯϵĲյڵء
ü˦˦Դеǹ뼵˦Ժ
ΪʲôЩΣ
ѵﻹдŰȶǰִ
ϼΰҹѣȻĺȰȴʼûϵξϣϾ֪ˣλξ棿
Ҳ˵Լǰܡ
Ҫôڣ
߽£Ѿô䣿
С⸱˵壬ҲȻ׷Ǹǰʲô
ʲô
뽭ʮꡣ
ʹıۣ֪ʲô¶ãֻһ㣬¾޷ܡ
ǰһĥѵĹʮͷʱѾή·ϱ¾¡
ûһģҲûط꣬һвп˲ٻ䡪
Ǹ߸ϵĳƷʾӣݸЦЦƯһǳ
ɫδҪֽ
ʵľǾ޵ģ磬ӾŵõӴᣵһ̣¶Ѿɼ
ǰھŵ£Ǹ޹ؽҪİ·ˡ
йŮҴ뻨УСֲֹ
˼һ⡪
ĺӣǸཱུСһ·һʵ
ҪӣټȥһһжΪӰĽô죿
صнӹСһڻΰűԷι̡
СһཱུСһһĵģûȼھͱ۾ĽëסƯˡ
ʶӣٵˡ
Ѿڽ׹ĿСŮǹĶ󣬳ֹȶ
Ծûе£Ϊ˰ϵ˳ӵķԸȥ̽
һ̽ĳˡ
Ժ˼̳иİӣڼ̳߶
ש֮ϣȶڼ̳ΧѲ
һֵ󣬰ȶǰӣôûãǲƭˣ˺ܿ׷ģ
תԹףʯѾ˳ˣҪָܹ
ȶף˵ʲôʯͷʯǧ꣬û˶ôûǲǲϰң
ūҡ͵ĺ󱳸ʯһȻǬŤתǶλеһж˱仯
޸֮ϿʯȷʵûʵϣʯѾ˶
ȶʧɫ˭ʯͷ
̧شعĻ̸ĶĿ޹أôĶǰ飬仯Ӧò󡣡
ȶüʲô˼
ֿһۣҽӻ
ȶ۾һ˵ʯͷǰԼģ
Ĭϡ
ȶԾĺһͷ㶿еԭʯȻŭôܣϱӾԸҪȢΪޣʱỹ⿤
֧Ƭ̣شµģδͬһԸ
ôܣȶüĿⱲӶеڶԸ
ϵ˶˸һƷԺеļͻʻ밢ȶѺ빬˳˻˼̳ϵǿʯͷ
߾ǰ־ϲǸţɢʯͷ̤ʵˡ
һᣬбĿѵر̧ǸСš
죬׹ŮвСɣô˵ţһû׼Ҳˣ
СɫͬһСûסЦһЦҲǺ
£ϻðɣɴҲҪˣ
СЦһĴϲ飬ϼæ££Ƚʰգͼǿʯͷ֪飬˸˳֡
**
Ͻ밢ȶָңһʣſʼ
վǰѵóƲɢƣɫڣ
ȿ۸ñȥŲΪ˱й
ǵĻʺĸʯʥʯˣֻܶڽѣūû˺˼
ȻŶʱš
ϵЦһתϹΣյǣ붥汾ϷΣ
ڰĵͷ𻰣һȣ˵
šءһͷأǹĽʥϣʧ˻꣬Ϳ£
ĸʯѾʧȥ֮£ûҲκκ
ȻʯΪλƽʧȥñģ
ѾʧȥūûƶϴʯѾһΣһǬŤתʯټָܹ߰
ԭʯͷѾˣһ
ԼػһȻȶǰʯ֮йء
Ϊʲôһֻһ˴ǰļ䣿
óȻŴֻ̽ίѯʣ˵ʯͷܺˣֻܶˣǬŤת
ǵģ
ȶǰΪζʯ
ū޴ӵ֪
ûкô԰ȶûô
ɫɵĿڣūң̸Ķǰ飬ֻǸµνܻ֪
һνν˵Ӧþʲôν񣿡
ΪʵֹԸʯˡ
˵
üôǹԸ
ȶǰʶôԸ뽭మ
εغڴʣϲ²⣬Ŀܣǰȶܾŵǰķ磬ԸҪһһ
ΪʲôԼ
ϿóŻܣֻ֪ÿڵǱת˸ʣǷųδ֪ˡ
ͷʺ￪ū֪޲ԡ
Ǿ͸ңȶǰʲôԸ
ųĬãѹɤˡū
ϵͷֻҪʵ棬ҾʹӦ㡣
ɷһ˵²ϣһЩй¶
ͷһ´ݵţҲе˺ԼԸ̴˳䣬⡣
Ծɹԭأ˶˳⣬ųڣˡūֱԣþλν֮˰գ
ϱҪϣԥƬ̣̹ԣҲûɵó
ĬҴȥͻˡ
׵ūңֻϡūԴ˯Уǣʯʱܵ񡣡
΢üҵ˯
ţξֻܿüǲģǣпʱū
ǴĵĻʺܻʳ裬κʧǵūе޿صѡ
ֻһʱԣʯūǣʯѿ޻أūðκηա
ϴӦˡ
֪ȶǰʲôԸԼδ˶
ǸŲġ
أŮģҲġ
ڴϣյľܺѵĻʵߣԼ
Ʒʾһ˫ɻ뾯ǳͫţĵǼ˹ˣʺ󾿾жó衭
ǣûΣգֻһξ
ΪýţŴŰظΣڽʺ硣
**
վưôУǰĴ죬ܶűʪİɫС
Щ磬屾ܵǰƿţڵƻ谵䳱ʪ
һǰߵľͷȻһڹ餣ͣڵǰ
Լ˻ƵʣĪ۵
ѭſȥһӰڹԣһ˫ۣʵظܡܡ
££ϳǸ㲵ӰæǰǰĻȴȥ
ڳڰǰһ̣ڹԵĽɿ֣¶޺˫ۣ餵ıԵɫδľ
ǡȹĹ餣
תúܿ죬ǰÿһĻǽеɫ
ʹ·£Զ޷ϡ

εľͷϿȶվڼ̳ǰޱĶſڣҪñ²ھΡ
ʩǰ̧ͷǵͫȶʺһŤתҲܵǣ
ܣֻҪȹһڱ߾ͳɡ
ųãѵδڱߡ
ȶʱŭǰƷ̳ϵףУǲˣ
תͳܣ˺ԶȶȻסţи𽭳±˵ɫ
ǹǦҲãȶתӲߣƵµ
ص̳ǰ̧ӣĨᣬͷϣɤʣôϻʲô
²ᡭ᲻Ҫҵģôõϱȥң
۾ˮģŤͷҿţʼա

167 3

ǰĻǱָᴥ¶ˮһ󲨶ս֧顣
޻ϤɤƵĴ
ˣ
ϣ;Żξ
ǰһƬڰ֮Уб
ϻۣ޺˫ǻûӦߣ΢΢з
̽ͷһСԾ
ϣˣ
һǵĻ㱣ϲͷ˿齱ߣлǿ鰵ɫʯͷ
еһѸٻΡ˸Уһӿͷ
סʣ£Щɻ뵥ͬ˵
ŵһ飬Ҫ۾ϣǱͷ
ȻĵĻʵжԻʺ˵ã޾㡱ԭϣº͵Ĳ
ȻתͷʱĿȴζ
ű˫ǳͫбһۣѪȫȻûʳֵºͣŵת˲ţþʲôǰվŵǳƷ
ūϥĸףūź°ġ
뿪ԷҲϢ£֧ӣһԵæǰ
ָָ輸ԵȦΣʾ£۽ǵۣʣĸʯΪʲôѡң
̧ͷʺɫǷѾ֪ʯǰԸ
ǣ֪ˡϵ
óʺûܵ˼ֻý͵ūʯִеԸ޴ƲΪλѡ
Դ⼸һʯܸı̹켣ʮޣʹ۷ʱڣҲͬʱı켣Ϊÿ˵Ĺ켣໥Ӱ죬ǣһȫʯȷֻŲһӣ켣Ÿķչ
ָĶ΢΢ΧʯῪ
룬Ҳ˵ʯֻѡһˣȥӰ˵̹켣ӶﵽĿģ
ǵġ
Ϊʲôѡȶ
Ŵ𣺡֪ʯˣᱻѡУΪᵼʷı
ǵū˵ĻʯѡɣҪδӰ죬ұӰ΢
Σ˵صļλ֮䣬ܹá
šüͷϸϸһĥɶԣ֮ԱѡУһΪ֪ʯĴڣԼǰļ䲻ŤתʷŤת˸һҵˡ
Σȹˣǡ໥Ӱ죬һŻڽ뽭֮𲻶ϡ
峯ķı䣬Ӳİʯļ㣺ȹס²ٷȶѡమ˵Ŀԡ
ȷʵֻҪĶһ˵̣ǧ
ԭʲôľˣүҲͬǰ
ػһһУΪĸʯһʺϽɵ
ô
ɫȻľȻǰĹǽϨĽķ𣿶԰ȶƽô
ĻʯĹУǣӹɡпĻֻһʱģδء
һͷţ˫з۽̣Ц顣
һǰδ
ξеİȶڼм尾ԸִԲδõĽʯѡһ·δܷԵˣδ֪
ɹǹعȥԼԸıˣΪȶ˽ԸξݵĻ棬ʼԺ
ȥȶĴ㣺ʰȶǷҪ£޸ϡ
ʰţ·ֱڻƵԺУбб£˿⡣
ĽŲʵ۲̵ͦıǳͫбģ
ǰ£ȶ
üң̫ܲ㡣
ȷʵϸ̤䣬ѵһаȶЪ˹ŭ𣺡ƾʲôץң
ת磬ȶһתͷĿһ˲䣬һ˲ʹԹƿڴ
СŸȶһںһȥ
ȶС͵͵򽭳£ֲֻ֪ãŵϵɣԼı꣬ȻĽͣҲСĴˡ
С΢˫ǣڹȶСġá
ȶ޵ݣɵĵͷƺԥҪҪԼƬ
ڹЩۣǰߵ輸ԣָָΣ𻰰ա
ȶɤﻹйڣжʱðɣĽ˾һԣֻǿ򶨵¡
ֻˣ뵱˵ס
̴һ˳ݣСеĹ£ϳһξ룬ǲ̸С
ˣˣԼҲܹ㶨
ϵ濪ʼ̸ȶ빬
ȶһۣ˵ϻ
ƽľĿڣ㣬ٴ㾿빬Ҫϲ㣿
ȶ޷죺ȢңȻͻϲң
ϿƽĿڣϲ𣿡
ȶüȻϲô
Ͻ͸£㲻ܷǲһͻᰮ£ֻҪ˻ͺã
ȶİ𣺡ⲻܣߥޱ´ͻ飬Ҿ͸ƴˣ
̧ͷֻǴȷϣףǿδܴﵽҪĽҿԴӦ빬ȴҪĳ谮
ԶĽͷעű˸ƣȣŸڹαϡ
ȶú괭ָŹϳô֪²ᰮңţôһɶûУ
̧ͷǣⶼңʺ󣬶ˡֻסűϲңԣϣ롭
δ˵꣬ȶѾ࣬˵꣬ʹƹ輸˽ϹϵĲӡ
һ˲䣬ԶϵӰһԾ𣬰ȶ˫ͣ˾һľ롪
ˡһ죬ȶк󾱵Ѩλ̱ȥ
Ԥõ˵ǻںŽޱֽ̧סȶƵӻһȦС
ƺʶϵĿ⣬ͷȷĿڣǲǻû˵ꣿ˼
ϣ
Сոոһֱڷɣ
˿ȶŤͷ£ˣ
ûУѡ
ȻСղʹԲѣ¶;һӳһǲؿЦ
³ǣʹϣԸ빬Ȱ
ĵͷȰ
ס򢣬̧һ˫ǳͫˣǽϱıˣݵĲſЦˣ޾ϲĹ
ﻹвȷ̧ۿ򽭳¡
ܾСĸǿʯ͵ģΪԼûģ˵Ըر˰
治֪¾ĵ㡣
ʣСһ⣬;á԰ɵǶĵãҪȢʮ
ǹԼԼŵ㣬ڿԴҲǡ಻Ϣˡ˳ˣûʲôɡơ
ʵԣСҲΪʲôԼء
һʮ꣬ɫϵջܷӵúޡ
´Сȹ
Ӳ飬ÿһ׵ʹȹҲޣԾŵµĶͱ÷һ
һֱıĸһԼ
ɼ֮֮˪ʵϣϾǱСԸġ
Ҳ˵ã;ŽǸˣһһһ仰òԸòС
ѵ÷λС뷢ŭŵԱһһٵв
Ŀ־УĿֱĶ
ǳˣȱ㶼
ڽ¶ԣϵӾһ̲峺ĺˮˣӭ
ЩӭĹŮһЦŭС⣬챻ùѪͷ޷˵Ǹ⡣
صĴŮӣڼұ۸ѧֱֽѵɴžŵµί
һ·ҪԼȥ
ֵĺǳ͵͵Ǹ⣬Ϊֺ˭ֻΪŵ»
ǸûĿģΪ˵õһɫĻмȸԾҲΪһĲƽСƢ
ʱĽǻģЩǰӵĹŮͬǸĿɰСɢϢ
ֺôûĿģŭҲĵףȴԶԼӲǹԷһ͵Ȫ
˰ĵء
Եദֹʮ꣬ŵͷһοɣ޿̵˹һڡ
Դһʰ
Ǹо޷ݣʱ䣬¶꣬ѹֵĳ嶯ÿ򱿰һڣǸöá
˱òţ֪㽻ã¿ʼͷһΡԲλࡱó̡
ôô˼أ
ôôзأ
·ôôױ紵أ̫ôˡ
۾ôôأ
ʮľŵ£ͭԼɫһ˫ܾĿ̫룬һû˯ѵĵùȵ϶㣿
ɽҰ˽գȻҶԶЦ
ȻҡЦô
ʱ٣С¹ײˣֹһ
ôḶ́
ǸйϵĹվһ˫ˮģ۸ʱ췢Ƣȴ֪ˣҲǿӲƣίģȴ̲סãĸԸΪâ
û˱ʺԼ

168 4

ǧͤԵĺɻرˮ죬һҫĿͷ£Ҷϲߡ
ͨһ죬һʯӶˮˮУһص
գۼ䣬ǿʯӶֵĵˮ棬ǰ壬һںϱģڹˣˮס
ں߹ĺͯرСָʯͷûķЦüۡ
ǸƯĺӣԼĪµͣһͷſſػɫ̷ֱǵ󾱣ԴһСݡ
ӻɫϵһ˫ţƤСѥѥŰɫֲͷ
ֵСӻվ̫ȣͷСݵĳȣǿ߹һϥһأСľƵá
۳ûص׵ʯͷû˶ͯС־ٸˣСƵû
СģЩԳһɵϡ
һæƵСһһѽӵϰڸߴӺˮбҴܵ㡣
ʱҴܵˮףָֻƽ
Сһգգ۾˵ȣʾԼ
СĽµأͷ°ͣʾһԵС̫ʯͷ
ӶġˡȴûٻǺӵȤ
Сһעص˽µһؾͶСӣ͡
üһԵʹɫ
ְڰ֣ϰΪȰǻҲڳӣ̫ﵱסοū
ȥɣȵ´ЩԸ֪Ҫɾˡ
**
ͤݹ涼żصǳɫɴᣡ
ůһɴůů᣷϶սϽתѡ
Сڻ֮У泩ģ̧ͷϻ˯㡣
һǣŵ齱ߵ廨ЬͷŮʲôʱˣ
ŮΨ־ʥѹɤС𣺡δʱˡ
ϵͷվȻЬ׺ʲôӲȴһЩš
شߣɻţҪЬͺȻоŵǶ񡭡䶯һ£
϶ʱһ͵ذǿЬһ˦
һž
ͷһһ͵ڷ䶯
ǻɻңҲǣ
ǵ
ĬΧ𾪵ŮûüһЩݶƷ
˯еĻʵ۱ʺҡѡ
£ô˻׽ŪͣܲЬţŲˣŲˣ
ΧŮŹһأʺôˣ¶ˣ¶ˣҪǨŭˣ
±ãȻȦȣګګеıʶ뻳
Χ͵ŮǶʱ־ɢ
³ܲ¸߶ȣ¾硣
ʵκСģ̧־ͰȦ˻ǿĶ컯ˣ
ϿɲᱻСֺðŤƲ̫ģͽҪ˯
һ仰ڻ˻ʵе˯⡣
»ɢǳͫȻһݣɿ֣ͷĿϣôˣ
ɤԻû˯ѵɳƣСҲûװ˯϶˯ǰͰѳӸЬˣ
Ŀ棬ָϵ֤ŭõŻͣ
̽ͷһƣ˳ǣ
»ЦϲոսŵײȳӵĴл}Ļš
»ͷͶ򾡣
»
޴ǰô׽Ū㣿
ϺɵĿϵĳӣЩԣͷСʲô𣿡
һеģͼӰ
ϣ
ԣС׽Ūʱϲģûôá
ǡ
תת飬һҧ¾Ϊ˶ĿԽԽƻ
ûгϣҲٱ⣬ڹϵдԴֱһ󺩺ĽŲͤ
ϻعͷһ۾ƼԼ޺ܵϣƺʲô
ŽֻЬӰںãСʲôСķ˽ȥ
ϣ
ʱվƼһԻһ򾣬ԾԸǰŽЬһֻ
ˡСһ˹ļֻ򾣬׵һֻЬ
ϣ
롰Сѡ󣬽žžĵСֽܳȥɴжҡ
ʹʲôʱСĳӿ˰꣬Ҫʼ׹Ůս
Ȼһõ̾Ϣ
ϻعæתƼСͷһί㿴Űɡį顣
~~ȥҧ´ǳʹˡ
Ȼǳ۲úŪûʵԵĲͼһС
ֻӧҪأƽϢ˻ʵ۵ŭ
ȥĵ·ϣССβƵøں棺~~
תСľͨһײԼϥϣһཱུС̧磡
µϥǰ̧ͷϸСëڵξ
Сľպѧࣺ磡
£
磡
£ȥա
һԵ̴ӣ
ʥûĵİ
ΪԼѧúˣ㵸ļԼһʰ磺磡󣿡
´ͷĶԺӿ佱ĺܺãֻ񶼴ﵽҪ󣬰ƭ㣬һ磬ȥϻ˵ǿʯͷƣһһǸġ
һ˫ڽɫӶʱһֲ֧ıǸ⣡Ǹ⣡
ͣ½Ų׻ǰһĿڣüסܲκ֪ǸŮ´ξͲὫ񽻸ˣ𣿡
ٴУССüͷĵͷף
һնڽ̵ڳӵֻȻЧ΢ֻ취
Ͼͻ¶ˡ
СڷСؿޣô
ϳСʹɫҪһְ𣬰ﺢŽǳ
ǽ·꣬ѯʽʲôί
Сһ޿Ļش𣬴ΪšСɰʺﲻϲ
϶ʱˣ˳СëȰԶ
Сһ޵øˡ
ָߵߵĿڣͷ̧
ĵǶ԰űܵľηԹԵ̧ͷۿʵ硭
ΪĹ´ֱӽίֻ᣿ôģԼɰ𣿡
ʵһ㶣Ťһ˵ܿɰһֱҪǫѷǫѷһ£һɰ~
ԡնǳɰΪİܿɰ׸ɰ㲻ܲɰ𣿡
ˣգŴ۾֪ܵĻʰ
¸˵㲻ɰһ˵ѡǰôģ˵ѵˣӦӦԣ
ԥˣŰᶨĵɫӣãǿŤġ¡һ
̧Դԣöĭᡣ
ǳĵͷǸѧ֮ˡ
ϣ
£޿̣Ӷ׽Ū

169 5

꿪͵ȥӼԤѧþλˣӴˣնϷֱʱֱǳΪĸجΡ
Ϊÿ˼֮࣬ٻһ̥λʵԴ֮Ůֹͣıдʩ
ĥӲݶãеĻʺð۾֮Ů٣ʹթŻʵۡ
ŮҲû̫ķӦϾʺҲͷһλζ뼤ŭʵԸ˳ŮȻԸͽʵ۵ͷá
ԣŮֻֿԼҾ󣬾ԡĻáΪصɣ¿ʺ֣һϷ
׽ŪĿ꣬ǴĳƷʵۡ
ϱ׽Ūʮأͷһη𷴻˴𼴽ñϲ⣬ǲŵĵӡ
Ͼǳ۵Դ̫ʹһܵʶĹƣһ֮ĸ飿
Ϊ˱ס棬Ͼĳﻮһ࣬гĿʼ˼ƻ
ͬı൱ǿ󣬳ȥŮ⣬ΪԴ˷Ƶʵԣʵ۵߸綼Ȼһƭ֡
ƭֵգڳů󣬿ŹӶ͵ſ̽ݵĳƷݶ
糯ռƻʵů̫ҽԺļλԺڸеȺ
ϵļƻǴӡ֡
ΪŵС屶С纮ûżйԶҽΪӣ飬νλƷʾΨһä㡣
ҲǹΨһܹɻصͻƿڡ
ļƻ߸ߥ޽£롰ġ
ҽʵƶһסûʹֻиʹġŶķ
׼ʧ·ʵӹǴ棬ֻϧʹзǳܣûԸƣԲżʧֻҽ֪˷
½ʱλ˵ЦȻûκ׼
װŮҽĹϾڶϽǵ֮صڲϢڲ۵Ľ͸ɴעӱµһһ
ΧһȺСŮٴ˿Ѿŵû겻壬ϾʺҪ׽Ūǻʵۡ
ɲģǴǰﹴĶǵļة͹ùУˡɾĶʹͼ̫ҽ
̫ҽūûģͼ㣬ͼӰŶԸŮҽҲĦ
Ӵǳ棬ˣ
ʩū۵ȥ˻ǽüգ񶼸ˣ
ôһ뷨ڽĻʵϣʺû׼뵱ĵһϺˡ
ŮҽһɥɫûӰʺ׽Ūʵ۵˷֮飬ϰϸ
Ůڵϸʵۺ㣬廹ڲϷͷŽµ˵ģˣ¾Żʺղܰɣ
³бһۣûڡ
ϽŵĳܾСôôˣ·Ѿʶƭ֣
ȻֱŮҽ׷׾λĺУԾɵͷǳЦϺ٩ʱʱһ仰쳣
һԼˣʵ۶ûʺȰгƫ߲ܣ˷ȻҲܾ
ĿʼˣλŮҽҳλöһʵֻнһУֶ۲
һͨͷȥûʲôо»̸Ц뿪ʼͷϷϽŵָ׶ˡ
ŮҽȻҲЩη壬ֱָ£ԱŮҽѾˣͷٳûųһ亹
´µŮҽ¶ɻ֮ɫڣһҺ
໣
ʮ־ҵסţüԼŮҽŭôģ
ԳԾĿ磬ֻһʹĳôôۣ
Ůҽ̹ڵأ̨ʻش𣺡¾ϴ¸Ǹм޶ȣñӲǣ
⻰˼ԼȲŻֵۣ˭
¶ʱȻ֮ɫ˼Ůҽ롣
һ˫ǳͫбüУɩҪ֪ôƴ
δ˵꣬Ůҽûʵ۷һҧ뽭Ѩλ
ʵһ˫ǳͫȻһüȻͷŮҽ
ǼŭһɼҵսϢؼŮٴ͸
Ĺһס죬۶ɴͷĽ¡
Ȼʹˡ
ʵߵȾӲУ֮ǱȽϲڣ۵ܲ˵ĵز
϶Сɫָƣ£Ǳ飬۵öŭˡ
һʱЩŮҽ˵뷨һñ³ʹģ档
ƭͬҪӣȴû뵽۵ز¾߳ȥ᲻ÿʵ۳ͷ
Ȼһ˲ͼ۽ǳ鴤£ȻӲŭ˻ȥ°ͣɫϣһ˫ǳֱͫŮҽ
ƺ뵽Լ磬ʵ۲˼ʹʹ˵ԼҲȡ
һһλȣЦذɣҲܳϡ
һֱ֣µɫԾ
´³ޣǣǿĻش𣺡Ҫ㣬ȰϵĺЦˡ
ǿЦƫͷùŮԴϵĺ
ʵǺǱЦģ۳ġ
һ߼Ż۵û˵ˣһ֧죬Цֱ¡
ûȻʵ۴ȥˡ
ĵʹأʵЩΰָˣûԾֱֱŸԼĵŮҽ
ŮҽʵĿ⿴ûջǵģ˫ɫͫޱרעĶԼȻһֱǰŵĴ
Щ²ȥˣ
ŮҽͷתȻʺллصҪᶨ־
˵ȥʵɫίѾ۵ÿʼҧĴָָˣȭͷ̵ͦıǼ⣬ްţȫȫĵֿʹϮ
϶Խ⸱Ͱ͵ģϤ
ŵ¿ɵ죬˩׮ϵʱû˴һСģ߿ָš
ȥһʱѾˣκγƷʾӹǹӲԽԽ
¶һϸͷ˿۲߸磬ȻѾҪʧˣЦૣǲۣѲɶһһô
ۡĹС˵ʲôʱЦۿʪˡ
ŮҽΪŵ룬ʵ۾ͻ޿̵û뵽ˣʵȴֻίίԹôһ䡣
ҪôռƲ߿ڻأ
Ʋ󣬻ʺԾϢŮҽӦ䣬£΢ѨλͿĨҩйأ
ڣŮҽԭ׼õ˵ȫгȰ˵ʵûʺȻС
´ӿлعŮҽһλĿȻһݣŮҽƺʲôֻһֵĽŵס
Ůҽʮ־׼ȻǿѨλ졣
˵Ѩλôƫˣ¿Ůҽ˵ƫˣʹ̡һ͢ƷԺеҽ
Ůҽʱŵû겻壬Ȼߵ׻ص죡΢ŶѨλģֻ׼˲Ż۰
һ
⻰һŮҽƫ¶סˡ
û뵽Ůҽһ仰͸ʵ飬һʱڵɵʵۣǳ۵Դû˳ƭ־
Ȼˣǳýֺ붼ס
һ˫ǳͫЦ⣬ŮҽЦǵıԶսôأ
⻰һŮҽʶ硪
һ⣬ͷļǳ۷Ը̴ӣŲ
ϣ
ˡ
ϱǳۡȡأ²˴Ĳʹۡ
ֵοǣʵ۶Ի̥֮˿ڣʺҲڣֻǿˡӷλֱһ¡
ת۵æ潭ѡӦҪҪʮ֮䣬δɵľ󶼿Բѡ
ʲôţǴĿǰΨһĹʵۻʺ飬һӦϣδ
Ǻ޲Դ꣬ͨ俼˵ѧӣл빫ദʱ鿴ܷ빫ڡ
˵죬ϰѽҲһ飬󵽵λѧӣǸСӸ硣
С糤ÿ㣬һƼ۷ϥأСľֹĿڣ֮£Ʈu֮ѩʵ׹
ͷûһƺףСߵĻش𣺡ǿҿɰ𣿡
ԶӼҰһݣȻɱӻʺվǸ
һҪļơ
£ڿӣһͷˮĿСڵǸæ߹ȥ
ǹӸҲǸƤǳģȻʵ΢飬ɹҲܲ³ԷݣûдȴҲʮһҾأСˡ
£ǹģ
ǣ漤ؿʵۣҲ𴩶ԷݣֻװСл־֪¡
˵꣬˫ʮꣿ
ǡڴʱ⻰һŷǸҲ߯żˣ
ʮģ˵Ҳʮˣ
ǸȻҲˣû뵽̫ͨ࣬ȴûʵ۵˫ۡ
Ӧһ̧ͷʵ׽СƸʮƣ·ǰʶ
µͷЦһҲͦƣû׼ǰͬ
СһԣЩҧ⣡
óʵڿ̫Ҳȷʵʵ۲˼ꡣ
ôûеĿһ·빴ǳΨһĹŮȻ롣
ǣС类Ӽ
ˣӦһǾ
СֻΪ˹䣬ǹţû׼ܸ˼Ҷ֡
жԼҹŮôԵģԺ˭Ȣ
ϸᶨ޵룬÷ɢһСע
Ůٵĵ£ͷһ£ֻˡ
ȫ꡿
лҪ˵
һùַһأСأ
־Źʽҵлһֱ飬ټ
Դ磬24Сʱɾ 