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1.ϲԹأҪ²һҵĽɫллˣ
2.˽ܶ࣬bugҲС
3.޲oocԤ
һ仰飺Ұ㣬ǻԡ

ݱǩ  ǿǿ 
ؼ֣ǣ  ǣмϰ  


һ ƽ 
1 ƽ
Ϊ˱Լĸݷҵʱʮꡣ
ССģԭƯ׾ΪﳤʱļıƣһҲǸʮСݷҸ˵ԭǲҪģϾСӵжǺܱ׾ͷ̵ĻҲ鷳ӾסĸǰˡϾǱƵİ·˭档
һʮСǮӿǼʵڿͭҡ
Ӵ֮ǰԼĸĸĵ
ȥɣ˾լҲˡվݹ᾵ļ
ߵԼĸĸǰ۾ĿԼĸĸϼûб˺Ͷǰ·δ֪Ŀ־壬Ҳûж԰ԼĸĸӦеԹޡ
͸ĺֻƽԼ֮δνӡ
ϻų˯ӤĸױһһڹүҲҪŬ
һҪúõĻȥ
ǰְԲ㡣
ûϵģ衣
ĸļĿ͵Ŀһ׵ĵܵܺãȻĸ˵һúõġ
ҪʲôҶŬĻš
*
ݷΪŴȻڶ࣬ΪСһλⲻܵ˵żڿ඼С£һЩõűʹһЩˢ˹Ͱ֮һЩֿ۵ĻơȴԹһֱ΢ЦŽ겢ҳѾķˡ
Щ˲ΪŹ͸泰ЦǸ۸ҷĵС
㿴ǰϳȥ˯ҲҶԹ¶˵һ֣
۸Ϊ׺ݵһ˺Ц˵
ûСŲʮкӣ˶һųСк
Щ۸һΪָԭ̷˴ҵȥʱҲûκ˻ɵϣЩ۸һȥ֮Ҳ˻ע⵽ˣĬڲݷҵĴլΪһͨ۳һֱʮꡣ
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˵̷Ǹ˵һɽǱ̧ġ
һŮڶݵʱһ˽
Ǹ
Ǹˡ
̰˵̧ʱһѾҪˡ
һɴŭǸ𣿡
ֹˣǸ˼һɽ壬һɷʱͷһɡ
̫ˡŮпֻŵ˵
溦±ѡҪ̷λ˰
Ѿ˶أ˸ʮ
ǲˡ
ֻڰĳԷ˶̸Ųݷҵλү
Ṇ̀ڶӶħ
˵»᲻֮ѡһȥ̷λˣ
һŮȴߵ˳˳ֹ
˵ʲôãŲӦء
ϵǣе꣬ղѯŮ¶һЦݣ˵ɡ
ڲݷҵЩ꣬ʼһȽ֮࣬ļһֱڿҿҹܿ͵õ˹µʶҲýΪԭΪӪý׳ҲƵҲúֻƽʱٲ˵Ļէһ룬ƯȻЩˡ
ŮЩѾʼ΢΢ԼȻӲ֪ȻһŻ
ʱ߽ӶǳԷСԺӡ
Ҫѡһȥ̷޲үԸ𣿡վǰµԿĶͷԵ϶ׯء
˶֪ȥ̷޲Ӳһ֡
ûȻҲӦ
µüͷĸˣĿһʹͷĬϣȻһԹ
ûԸ⣬ҾҪѡˡ
˿ʼֻΨԼѡУʼ
Ϲ£Ҹĵط˱ȽȱҲʺϵģ
̷ֻۣλˡ
ԶԣҪλɾͲˡ
ȿֺ˵±ѡԼеȥѡˡ
Ϲ²ûȥЩ˵ߴߴ־͵һ˳
ǸŮ
ʮֵ꣬ȴѡҪȥ̷ղħʱòҰס֪ԼڼٵĿ־亹˳Ķ¡
ƵĿˣԭ˵Цͬʱȴ׷תͷߡ
˲̲࣬ס
ʱԭĬȴȻڡ
ȥɡ˵
ʹŵͷ𣬳ľϹ¶һЦݡ
ɣԸ̷λˡ


2 
ϹЩȣڿһƵģظһ䣺ȷ
΢Цŵͷ˵һ䣺Ը⡣
ǸԭѡеŮһ뵽ҪȥЩ̡
뿪˵Щʲôȴסӡѳҡҡͷ˵ѡҪȥģɵɵֹˡѵ𣿡
ŮȻ룬˵ûлǴڲݷҹǮļҲԸû
죬ĬмĿߵ
ǸŮ롣
ԺһҪ

Ϲ°ˣڲݷҵСʱϹ»̲סٴȷһΡ
Ҫȥ̷λ𣿡Ϲ¶֮ɫΪʲôҪȥǸħһ̷ϲġ
ȥȻǮ࣬ȴΣա
ұһΪҼߵģڷڵĻü
Ϲ̲סȰ⣬˶Ц޴ȴ֪Ŀ¡
Ҿˡܾ˾Ϲµĺ⣬ᶨ
Ҫȥ̷λˡ
ðɡϹ̾Ϣһֲǰ˲ݷ֪Ǹӡ
ţϹºԵϡ
yˣΪˡڵϣϹ¹˵
Ŷ
ڴ޵ĺЦڴλΪಡڵĴ˵
Ϲ²иԵվ𣬻žʹڡ
ûоǲ׼ֱ˵ģԼʹ;ϹźܿĹڵϵȴ޲ҵ
y޲ϿžϹߵ۵һ˿ʱɿȥ
̧ͷҿy޲ҿ˵
˵ĵѾҪ̷ڰﱻӶǳΪħˣ̲סָ֣߬˵״ǳӡ
޲ҵû˿ԾܾΪܾ˶Ѿˡ
λݷҵүಡأ쿪ʼҽͶʮ꣬ԼСӵĲݷҼΪӳԼӵݷֱһλʦ˲ݷҵļһ취
ȡһϣԶķλݷСү
ȻͶ·ųԵ̬ΪԼĺӸգϵǣȻˡ
Ϊy޲ҵСүųصĲʮꡣ
޲ҵΥذͷ̧޲ܹԼòȴʹҹϸع۲Լλʵӡ
Ϊ֪y޲ҵĵڼ˾Ϊ޲δͬע޲ҵն޲˫ۡ
ʱʮ꣬ɨʱײˣ۾ȥʹڵϷҽУ´޲ҲĿһԵϣζĹ⡣
ʱˣλүǸ۲۵񾭲
⡣
룬ˣƿء
һδ£Ĳ̶棬Ϊ겡ŤСүֻҪ㹻ֶξͿ׵ƿء
ͷǲ顣
Ļy޲˵Ϊʲôң
ûо˵θֱӴ˵òˡ
Ȼ˵ѾҪλСүһ𣬵ⲻЩ٣㹹ôãڲȷǰһжǼٵġ
ֻа񾭲үĿģϲԼſһʧ
y޲ҶŹڵϵĿ
á˵׼㿴ҵ
۾΢΢һʽĿλڶŷɥү
ĳʮֿģʢ֮ƽ㲻ֻϧΪಡԭβʮֵµʾѾûоʵ˯ˡ
ֻǵ˭뵽Ǹħأ
ƽؿŹy޲ңûжĿ־壬Ҳûж΢س޲¶΢Ц
y޲ĮؿƽǵЦо޶ŭ
Цʲôʡ
ûΪ޲粻ֻǶĹȻ˵˵վһ㿡Ϊһ΢Ӷ˾̷ˣҸеϵң鲻Խ΢Ц
һ޲ѿɫЩů
ߡ޲ҺЦһҰ׵ָûǰľ͵ǻ˵
ֻ̫ˣԺûҵ˵
ǷഺڣҲǷı־֮һȻҲΪЩɳƴֲڡ޲ҿеҲڡ
ǴСԹ˵޲ôῼЩ˵Ǿ˵Ҳ졣
ûڿ˵ˣֻ΢Ц޲ǰĸȥΪӦ
޲Ҳ˲ͷһԳĬķڵһʯܵľϹ˵ˣȥ
Ϲ´ӵذվĬĬ˳˷䣬ڳǰ̲ס̧ͷһۻڵϵ촽΢ǻΪһ̾Ϣ
ڹy޲ҵ»أ
һ¡£껹Զ
˭֪ء
ΪݷСү̴


3 
Ϊ̴̷y޲һǳ˷Ƶ顣
ڹy޲ǰ֡˵ЦܲԾ
ɽΪլӵ˱޷Щ¡
صȴһ걻Һ࣬ΪʵòɢĲŹy޲Ҳ԰׶Ȥһֱꡣ
ڵı任޲˵Ḷ́ΪĻۻĺļĿߣ＾ĳԲֹϺ׾ٵĶȥ
ոһ긴һԶֻк޸ıҩɬš
ڷŹy޲ȵҩ׿̨ذڷڱõ޲࣬Ȼ޲Ҫӷȫδ˵һֻ֣ǾĬһУȻͽգµĶȴϸ£·ԴŵĲһ˶ʲôϡ˫䱦
Ϊʲô˵Դϴιy޲ǰ˵Ҳδڹy޲Ź죬޲ÿյѷĿԣһûʲôҲǳ¡
Զ֪޲缺Լ˵Ļںصıֻóƶѹֱ֡ӷ·źµĿ
ֵǰٻŵʱڣãⱾǴ̤ĺӣ޲ȴſյﲻ
ΪƮɢĻۻܣ޷赲ϮĴıĤ粻ֹѪҲǳ
޷ţȻҲܲá
Ӵз޲Ҳòߣ̬Ҳ޿κΡ
ͷ΢΢һ࣬ĺڷɢͷΧչֳһ˥ܵС
ô˵޲üͷʣ޷ŵֻȤֻҸ̷Ǹʺϵѡ
޲ΪԽ̷ûõкĳ࿴һ
岢׳ͬһСҪһЩȴʮֳɫЦֻ˸о崺ʡ
ǹy޲ԶҲ޷ӵеЦݡ
Ц˸ҲԶǷŭ뼵ޡ
ͻأʳүȻѾǼǰ´
˵ҵ׼ǰ˵ġſδĴ꣬˵
˵𣿡޲ҿü۵䡣
ôԹҲ˵𣿡
֪ү粻Ƣ˰ķ࣬õ޷Ǿ˳޲ҵߡ
ˣȻһк˵
ôԹ޴أͷ޲ǰһ˳ѱ̬ҹ䲻֪˶ٻزűûôɳƵ˵ֻǵʹ˲ãô˲ҵϣܹġ
ʹԶҲ˵Ҳ޷
޲˵ÿҹͣĶ뾡취ȥЩĶֻΪĳһ޲ҽʱᷢö
ʱÿҹžϰô΢ЦһҲڶЩɳƵ
ֻϧҵǺԭһԼоôôɫء˵ձ㸩ȥĲ¶޲ҵ֮¡
˵ľŴ˰
һֳ̬㹻˵ģ˵޲ֻܵӶѰ֧еļһ
ǱĻȡõˣ޲ҹǷЦ
ã۵һ۲֮Ũζ
Ǹȡ׼ǰ˵ǡ
ң̷ҵĿʲô
ϵЦʧˣת¶һԶ˸еɫɫ޲˵̷ʲôĿأΪӶ˵ҵȻҪ縺Լ̷˵ΣֻҪ˿ģѾ㣬ʹǷҲĸԸôĿأ
һһ˵УĶʧ޲ֶɵԸҲ֡
ʹΪҷųЦ޲ԼҰ׵ָ⻺شڵʱ¶ĴĲ
ָůļഥȻ󻺻ߡԸо޲ҵָһֱԼ
޲ҷ·𶯻ѪҺѪбϢ
ǳʢһֱɵõĶ޵Ҫȥȴͣж
ȻԸΪȥôһ԰ɡջ֣޲ҴԼͷ³һѶ̵ĵ˸ź⡣޲ҵݵǰ
һǷΪҷľġ
ԼھȻ֪޲ʲô˼޷ǾԾ֤Լʵҳ
˵Ǹ񾭲뵽Ȼ治ɫĽӹ޲ҵݸĶ̵
ɣ֤ɡ޲Ц⣬üȴ⡣
һһٵ˵֤ԸΪҶľġ
ֻţǴһЦ˵ô˸еϲõĻѾеʮҸˡ
˵ձսеĶ̵ԼĲӻȥůѪ˿ӿɽѪҺ޲ҵȻ˳üǻ¡
Ѫ˳˿ڻѪζ
˻Ὺ𣿡϶˵ֻŲϵѪ˿ڣȻϻ˹ȥ
޲ѹЦһָȵѪҺ·ܸܵѪҺвů
ȻҵȻġ˵ǵĻƵ
Ȼ󣬹y޲ҺݺݵƷ˰ڷҩ׿̨׿̨ײ޴ȴŵӶ˵ע⡣
ˣʲôŮҴææţէһ㱻ɽѪĳ͵ڵϻȥŵʧ
󡭴ˣ
ŮһС
ʲô޲ҳһֻŵŮȥҽҾȻ
ҪԶߣֱҲµ


4 
ʱѾǵˡ
۵ʱ컨ɫЩãȻµĴͱӶĴкʵ㣬ڿлƯɫϢ䶼ŵҩ㡣
ҩ㱾ǰģΪϵ˿ڣ޷ҩ㣬ֻú֮䶼ŵһʹˣֻÿǻ·ǹѵأɬ˵һ仰
ˮ˶Լ촽ţʹϸ򸡣
ˡһŮˮСسֱѾ˫ۣЩϲĺ˳
΢΢ƫͷеŮЩģ壬ûֱ˭ǸŮķӦƺʶԼġ
ô
뵽۾ܣĶİİװΣһһζڷŵļΪྻǣⲢӡ
С|ƣֻм򵥵ľĵһӺޱ
ϾһӶ˶ѣҪסһĺˣסʲôûʵ
ǲġ
ͬˣΪʲôеסլԺʹӳȺеȴʳ²ůŮ
ˮٴ˵ܸолȼա
ŮŷӦҴææܵһԵİϵһˮ͵ߡ̰ĺˮССһô㹻֮䣬еˮѾס
ˮŮΰ˹ץ˲İ֣缢ƿʵ˱Ĳˮ
ȵɺԵĸоʧԻָЩǡ
߱ÿʼſŮ˭
ԭѡҪΪy޲ŮĹ˵뿪֮Ҳûǲġ
̲סʵ
֪ʼԼǲǱy޲ˣôʣһжǰ
ڱϵ˫ֺݺݵ߬ˡ
Ůû˲ЩĿ⣬˸߲ҵ˵ˣǲ֪ҽ￴ӱ˺ôһӵ㣬ҶҪˡ
ˣ㲱ӻ𣿡Ůੲݵ˵
Һļʱ˵ĲλҲأҽҽ߳ȹˡ
ֻŮ˵ǹ˵ϵ˿ʱʹŵ¶˳Ц
ʲôɺϣһжǱȻ
֪й۲λСүٻأΪСүԸ
ҲֲܲΣ˿ڿųѪ࣬ʵֻҪμʱûд󰭡
ûȵӦŮһصӣѹ˵Ѫı˴λ˵ķ̧ö˶˵ŭλˣԴҪԴ
λȴҽҪȫκأ
ڣֱŮ˵ĻԭЩ΢ָͷһɡԭ߬ӵҲ΢΢й
Ů˵y޲ҽȫΪεĻôⲽȷġ
ɹùy޲̵ļ䣬ȺŹy޲ֻɪɪУѾʮֲͬˡ
ĺϢЩɣת򳨿ŵţѸٵ˻
ֻϲŵɴҹžϰεЦݡ
ġ
ǹ￴ЦЩɵۣƬվȾ˵ĺΡ
룬˿ÿ
ǡȻڣ崺΢ЦΨɳƵ̫ͬ·һ覵ĴͻأѺۣ̲סź
ʲôŮͰ͵ĻشȫԼ֮ǰ˵Ļ
Ǵġ˵ԼֵģֻϣҪŵ˴˲ǡ
ǹﱻĻŵûָǣ𾪵ĶԼʲô
㡢ΪʲôҪ
ͷǲƲſڸո¶һƬ½ǣüۣЦ
Ϊ
ϾΪ˷ϵģֻһǴҳ֮ˡ
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y޲תԼסǰȥӦþţѹ־ܻᱬy޲Ҳǵһ ˦Ӷ˶ˡ
޲ҽ첻һʱͻҽ￴ǿҽΪԼҩôҲǸǻӶû
ǻûѣ޲Ҳûµָ˵һ¾ͻ˰ӽڡ˵ǣǡ˹Ҳǡ޲һ
ʣӹһ
޲ҾһĲҩߵҽ޲ңôˣֻһˣ
ҽע⵽y޲ûǰӵӶˣЩ֡
ˣҾȵǸӶӦòҪˡ
y޲ĵͷ˵֪ˣҽ
Ϊɲҩҽ¶һı飬޲ǲغһȻסڱǣ޲ҿҩĽô
ҽû޲ҵɫʵԼҲӣյץץԼͷֻ𲽣ϾĲʵЩӣһҪоо
ʵڲʲôϢϢСy޲Ҳ֪˶ٻأÿһ̹̹ŵ֤Ⱥҽ󶼻¶һΪѵı˵Ǹʵҩɾȡ
һʼϣy޲ʮꡣ
Ҳϣҽٴ仰
͵ڹy޲ҵȴܲ˿ůдеľɫͷ׵Ļ䶼ֻгصĲϾ겻ɢҩζ
Ұ׵ָͷָ׸ʾy޲ʧʹҽԼŬȥҽҽвʵϢ޲Ҹеŭʧ
һֶܼأҽ޲ҹǣǳЦ⡣
ꣿһꣿ޲ץԼ죬ǿºмӿĿԣ˵Ҳҽ

ûлƾʲôҪ


5 
޲Ҿĵĵߣע⵽޲ڵϵ½ǻᷢ֡
ԼģֱǺܺÿģʮָ޳ǽڷֻ沼˴ּ뻹в֪ʲôʱµ˺ۡЩڲݷҾµĺۼ
˫֣ԭǺģ޻һ㡣
һ˫иءǳļĸװڻʱ˵Ļ
ڴѩǵĶĸ׸ڻ¯ȡů¯Ĳ̰Ĳ£ɲ񷢳ࣵϸ΢졣ȻªСľѩ׷ɣȴů紺
ʱȻƶȴ㹻Ҹ
ֱһ󺵺Ϊ˵ܵܶĸףвļͥ޷Ӻһ˵ֻѡ
ޣֻʧ䡣
Ѿǲ̫ĸ˵иʱˣֻļǾ仰˲ݷңǳԴöȺСʱر𣬵Ҳûᵽĸױڻů
ؽſָ£Ȼ֣߬ϣֱͦǵȴԵ˼ִ
ĸף˵ĸ𣿡Լ촽˵

һ֣ɵ˼ʵɿȻ̧ǸŮؿ
ʲô𣿻ɣȥ۵׵ĸӣЦݿǰĹ
ҽˡ˵
ŮǻӣҪ̷޲ҵģҽΪҪһӶʰӣ˵ıѡеҽ
ҽǺˣҪ󲻸ߣֻҪӱͺãǸķҽԴ֪޲ҵĲԺ˲ݷңʱ޶ĲݷҵСү
ѽѽ˰ҽռҩ˸ɾϣɫ԰׵ЦеԼĺӡ
ô벻Ҫö̵ԼĲأһСĿĻŶ
ͷҽ˵ұȽϱɣ鷳ˣҽ
ҽЦҡҡͷЩ鷳ҿ޲ҾʮֲͬıҲǱȽֵˡ
͹ʱʵҽһ֮⣬ҽеȵͬѪ޲Ҿ겻ϸֵЦݡ
Ͳ̬Цݣǳ˷ܷ·𿴵ʲôıЦʱ޲Ҿ۾˸ĶǲһĹʡ
Ҳǳһ˲޲ֻǴƬҽȫȺԺʧӰ
ƬҲ˵Ĳͬˡ
𣿡ҽĻչֳһȵӡ
һܡͣĬƬȻ˵һ̷ܼ𣿡
ҽЩȣǼһ޲־ɪɪӶˣէһ޲Һ޿־巴Ϊ׽ˣﵹҲ˼ֺ档
úˣ˵չĴˣĴշûʲô⡣
ҽѵ˿Ц˼
գգ۾Ҳ¶һĨЦݡ
ǣǳлҽˡ

ҽ˺üˣ޲ұ˵ˣ½Ҳû
̬ƽȣֻڸҩ֮ǰȥΪ޲ҿʱճһ䣺ҽ˵أߡҽǷʹأ
޲Ҳ״ͲûʹĻشϱ¶һֻʧѹɫ
ЩⶼҽҽģһΪ޲ҽ̲סˡ
޲Ҿҽʰҩ̲סڴн˫۵޲˵Ǹס˵ĺӣء
µ۾΢΢һ޲һԼ˫ۡ
𡣡޲ƽʲôϲŭ
޲һûʳڣҽѾȲĸ޲˵ǺӺܵ㣬˵̫þͺѹ
޲ҾǺĺϲӰҽҽһ˵һ߸̾˵û¶һҪıء
ߡ𣿡޲ҹ˹ǣõɫ۾ҽſڶҽ˵ˣͲػˡ
ҽźЦе뿪ˡ
޲ӣɫĵ΢΢ɢ¶˰ؿڣ·£ؿھͿʼҵĿ
ȡȿȿȣ
޲ܸܵԼǻ˺ѷεʹǳܲסƵ˫ֽؾԼıӺ·
ָоˣ޲Ҳͣ˺ֹĿԡǾѾˣ޲һǷڱϲ
ӿ޲ֻú졣
ΪʲôֻЩزʹࣿոһ긴һ·ûоͷһ˻ͷȥϣ޲õȥ޲Ҳ룬ֻıκ˶Ҫá
ҽ˵Ǹˡǽ
ԳЦ
ˡ
ˡʲôֵϲģ


6 
ҽʱڲݷѵõһηɵʱ⣬ûзصĹҲû޲ҸѹÿҪľ׼ʱȴҽΪϵ˿ڻҩȻһĴ߶䡣
£ΪŮĻҲϲҽܣԭֻҪҪɨʱ־Ϳˣھ㲻Ҫɨʱ䣬Ҳ֣Ƶʮڿ졣
״ȻҲҽ֪
ϣΪѾҽҪҩʱˣȴҽ¡
ҽɡЩ˵һ˫۾ҵƮǲϡ
ҽҲԼҪοЩ쿴ҽҩḶ́ҾҲ԰ҽҩġ
۾ӣС۾ɬĴƮҲ¶˼ֺΡʱŮбЩӴͻһЩۣοǸڲӵطҩֱȽ顣
Ŷҽ˳ֳ˳׼ҩϲ¶һЩȻЦ
кӣͻἤֿĵĴӦˣϾӳĲ˵ˡ
Ǹ⡣
ǸӡɴľܾˣʱĻҲƽ
»øרҵҽȽϺá˵ңȻֻҩȥνģɶȴá
ɴľܾûЩģſڻ˵Щʲôȴˡ
Ůܲסӣллĺ⡣
ᶨ뷨֪Լ˵ȥҲͬĻش𣬶ҽ˵ԼҪȻЩʧǵ뿪ˡ
뿪ˣҽԺҲЩҲǼԺֵӣ֦䲻Ծеȸ
ҽСĵĽڲϵı⿪¶ڲһۺɫ˺ۣΪƤĵԾ൫ǻǿԿǷĵƤ⡣ԼõʱԼ˶ôĺ֡
Ѿúܶˣס¾ͲˡҽһĨҩһԵõ˵
ȻҲҪҽЦŹάҽȷʵˣҽҽȻͬ졣ûҽİһѾڵˡ
ҽȻʹˣ̬ᣬĿ佱ĵ׵ĺʲôƵģҽʵˣ
Щ֣ǹԹԵĻشҽ⣺ʮˡ
ǸءҽЦе˵ƺѾ˿Ȣ޵ˡ
Ȣޣ뵽⣬ǵЦ΢΢ЩӲ
֪ҽΪʲô⣬˵ʮȷǿȢӵˡԼЩѣ˵СС;ȢˡͽӵУһ㶼ǹ塣޲ңҲΪ岡ŵԵŮҲԸ޸һӣЩĲݷҼͷҲôƵϡһֱʮꡣ
ƽʮ߰˶ʮȢ޵Ϲէһ˵⣬ڴһЩңԶΥ͡
Լ飬Ϊ󲻵ԼʲôŮӶȹһã벻ǻһֹ⾰;ųЩ
οڵݾȢʲôأ
ҽ˵Цˡ򶨵ĻشͻСûгɼҵĴ㣬οֻãȻܹúõ̷ү
⵹ǿϧˡԻӵľܾܸɴడҽҡҡͷ¶һϧɫҵǾûӺϲ㡣
ҶԻֻѵĸ顣ûʲô뷨¶һЩΪѵɫϣҽ㲻Ҫ˵ЩΪѵĻˡ
鱻ȥĻԻҲá
ãáҽҲգ˵ͷĲûȤҲû˵ˡ

ֻǵҽˣôδҲĹУֻǶݵʱҲͰˣֻǳҲЩΪô˵ҲǸӶˣ˾ѾĶֹͣϢȥڲݷҵӶ˾Ҫȥˡ
֪ҽΪƵʱҲҽ˲ٵ飬ҽ˽Ľ̵¶˲ҽԼ˽´ҽѧһЩĦַ
ΪʲôѧЩҽЩ֡
ֻЦһЦûнЩʲôҽ̵ĹȴСϸֳѧЩΪ˹y޲Ҷġ
ҽЩסȻȻճ޲ҵĹо͸¶һ
޲ԽضȤͨҽ֮ڵתֿŸҲԽߣջ֮£޲Ҳ£ԭ΢ĺøѾ۵һɹ۵ĳ̶ȡٱ˵
ҽҽǺܲģҽ˰£ϵ˿ڼҽ߳ҽ˿ڱѾ߰˰ˣٶ˵ڻص޲߼Ǵ´ġ
õ뿪ʱ䣬򵥵һԼҽƷŰڱϾվſڳҽˡ
ҽЩҵչˡվſڳҽľһ
ԺлĻһúñҽġ
Ȼҽദûжãȴϲҽ
Ͼҽһˣȷʵˡ
Цݳҽ˻֣תһ͸ĺᶨŲӾy޲סĵطȥ


7 
صy޲ҼϢûиˣΪˣԼ޼Ķߵy޲ҾſʱɨӶһ¶𾪵ı飬˾ȵѿڶ¡Ȼţ
ʵʵЩȵͬǹy޲Ӷ˵ͬˡΪǵļУ󲿷ֹy޲ҵӶ˲ûҲҪȱ
Ѫر˴ӹy޲ҵ̧ʱ˶ΪǻȥģϾôһѪģһ˿ڣκ˶˿лɡ
ȴվǰЦӯӯؿǡ
ǵġеСúãһ˵ǾûӶһۣȻԺȥ
ûһĺúõġ
ѵһܺõ
þ
߽Լԭķ䣬ڵİ뿪֮ǰһģһģΨһͬĻİΪʱķҳ
ָһĨҺɫĳͳָ⣬ķɫγĶԱȡ
üͷЩȻûн񱣬ǿҵĻôҲá
ֻǣҪĲǴɨԼķ䣬иҪҪȥ
еİ£Լϵţתͳ˷䡣
ŲԶڿŵһ̱һɢȻû˵ЩʲôƾԼЩ˵˽⣬۵Ҳܲ²߰˰ˡ
޷ΪʲôţΪʲôҪ°ɡ
ٿЩԹԼʵϻ͵͵ӶˣԼΪ߶Щҵ·½մϵĻҳֱy޲ҵȥ

Ե࣬ڵؽ֮䣬ſںˡһˡ
䣬޲ҳȵĽŲű
ڲû̴ӣΪ޲Ӷ˳ʱĺͬһ䷿ΪչʳҲһõǼ춼վԵ࿴Žյķŵȴ޲ҵķԸ
y޲Ҿվǰ߰ĿѾаδӶˡ
ҽչ˵ĺܺã֮ǰҪһЩֻǲɲŵɴ޲Ʋûкȫ
õɫ۾΢΢޲ҵϥڵϣָͷ͹ϵİɫ΢ָڱ˿ں¶ļĴΧһƬС
ϸһ޲һ΢΢Ķ䡣
Ϊʲôٻ޲֣
ΪҵһЩ˻Ҫˡ˿ҲҪȬˡ˵ʲôĵһ㣬һֻȸԾЩ쿴Ŵ˵ĺȦ˻ҹ˯ĲãԻҽѧһЩĦַ
˵̧꣬ͷСؿ޲ϵɫ̽ĽʣˣҿΪһЩ΢𣿡
ͻϲټһƯʱ򣬺ٻľܾڵĹy޲Ҳһ
y޲û˵Цһתصڣ⡣
Щ΢΢һɡû޲ұ˵Щʲôɹڵһ΢΢ͷŵذ壬ֱ޲ҵ
ʲô޲ԸԼһ裬Ӳ豭ȵɢݿһƬƢĲ㡣
豭ڷԼıǼᣬ޲΢΢ƫͷһ
ɡ˵
Űһֱʹŵͷ𣬺۾һĵף޲ң¶ȻЦݡ
޲Ҵˡ۾ҹе£ڿٴ̷ˡ

صy޲߼Ϣ˳һ˲ɵݷҴլĽǽ䡣
ӶһЦ벻Ҫy޲Ѱ˵ΪȨԲҪ
иûʵӶ˻ڻɫ޲ҵﱻ̧ġ
ѪѽӶȾˣλûбһ£Цأ˻ֱ۽üɫ裬ҲĽζ
Ų߽ʱӶ˵ĵʱԱߵΧ£һҲģֱֱ۵ԺŲſʼֵһɢЩϻһεı顣
ûЩˣֱֻˮȥľЩˮԼȥ
ûĸȥӦЩѷˣոմӹy޲ֻľƣЦݶװˣľ׼ȥɨԼķ䡣
ιǽʹ˷ʲô¡һס·ƤЦĿβסĳ⡣
˵ЩʲôùʽЦӦ˵ѯʣ
˲Ų˵ǣһ˿˵ı֪Լ֪Ȥıˣǻ˿Ҳ˴ƣʣѪر˴λ̧찡λ𣿡
˵ڲסĲűĲϣֻöĶθ
ľһǷܵЦʧ٣һ䵭˵ûзʲôԼ˵ģ޹ء
ֻ˵˲ţҲš˭˵أϾö˶˵˭ᷢõԼϻһ˿ڣµֻзӡ
ǲ֪Ǹӡ


8 
ϵѾϵĲˣѾȬǲȴһ۷ɫ͹ƽİ̺ۣڰĲϷۣһƹȥܿ
Ѿõҩˣ̫̺ĲȥҽѱʱЩ̾Ϣϵ˿¶ź
ǱǸ
ͭԼǵָ̺ۣϵĴּϸ۵˰̽ӴĦһ΢ĴʹоʹӰ̺۳
Եİ̺ۣˣںÿǲÿҲ⣬˵̺۷ų
ûµģҽֳҽЦЦܻѾ£ôء
һʱʧȥֻΪ˽ࡣ
ҽ뷨ֻΪԸ̴ӣʲôһ浽޴ģֻӱ̻Ǻá
ҽȴȫ̵֪ӲױƭϾy޲ǵ粻̬ģ۵ġ
½󣬽ǵ˰΢΢ڵȴ֡
ҽ޲Ҵ״أƽЩ½ǣòƲʡ
üͷ΢΢¶Щĵɫ
޲ҴտԸˣɲΪ˰һЩˮ
ҽʲôƼҩأ
ҽ˼˰죬УЧҲǲġ
ֻǡҽʾЩΪѵɫ޲ҾĿΪ岡Ǻ⡣
Ҫֹȣֻα겻α
תķɿ죬ΪÿտƢļΪ޲ң˵ûϵҿΪ˰ҩ
Ͼ޲鲻ҲһЩĶ޲ҹģҲͺùЩˡ
ҽüĿļᶨЩпˣȥҩ˳㻹˵Щ
Ҳġ
ЦЦ˶ΪģʵҲǸȡ衣
нл޲ҸĵλͻȻҲҪõĻ˭ҲǷ˭ģͺܺá
ҽҩ׼ȴײ˵ҽĲݷҴүݷҲǹy޲ҵֳ
ݷҴ󲿷ʱ䶼ֻһƬССĵطǷʱݷҾٰͻҪʱҲǾæȻϵòݷδļ
ȻûмݷܶΣλүڲݷӶ֮㣬ĵܹܵy޲ҵر
֪ݷ𾩶λʦ˽ơ
үΪӶ˿ȻҪġ
ףǡѵһҽĲݷЩ棬
ʹŵüͷ֪ݷҵĴүȻʶԼȷԼy޲̷ʱλݷҴүôϵŶԡ
ǵģүش
ܺáݷܺ˸еĿһʣɣùڵˡ
˳ӵվȻȻ̧ͷݷòΪֵܣݷ͹y޲ҵòЩƣֻǲݷüĿһЩȥԵº޺޳Űɫ£ϲõĴ⾹Ѳݷĵøʡ
Ҫǣһ۱ƵóλүǸ˾ӡ
ôݷеҩʣˣ
λүϲҲᣬֻΪȻҪش𣺡ֻһЩҩ
ûϸµĽͣҽˡ
ݷҽǾȵ˵үôˣ
ݷҽЦЦ޲ҵҩоôˡ
пɣֻǻЩҩĲ̫ԡҽҡͷﻹſϧվһԳĬҽݷһ
СүİΪصҪһЩҩҪΪСүҩء
𣿡ݷȻǲ̶֪̼İתǧֻǺܸԼĵܵһԸչӶˣݷԽĺɫȻƽʱЩԹ壬ǶΪ岻õԭֻƽæûȫȫ⿴޲Ұˡ
ȻҪʾԼ޲ҵĹȻŲݷԼܵܵİ˰׺˾ʮ
λүѵ֪ԼܵܵڲݷӶ֮ŷɥ
*
ҩİԵȵŰ޲ң޲Ҹշ˻ԺӶһſڵɪɪ޲һ˫õĿ¶ҽӿ
˲ײ޲ҵǹˡ
Ц߽Ժӡ
̤ԺĶ󣬵һ˽ҲǺ۵ģy޲ҿŸջЩüͷ˵ô£Ϊʲôô
һy޲üӾ֪Ҫˣں޲ѾӦ֣΢΢һЦǰȥͿʼĵĽ͡
ŴԵأصҽҪЩֹȵҩ
ŴܵӣҺܵġ
еҩʵԣy޲һ۾ƼˡʵԭΪڶЩƽɫҲָࡣ
š޲صͷŹһصҲ˳ࡣ
ȥɡ޲
Ӷɴ⣬̴ӵǧлȻƨܳԺӡ
ڿ𡣡ĵʣ崺ĸо˿־ŵĻ޲Ҹоˡ
á޲Ҳԣüͷѹ˺д⡣
޲ҲĿһۣȴ䵽ڵֵ˰̡
Ϊʲôа̣޲ʶһʣ漴ϵı·𱻶һ㽩ϡ
ûȥ𣿡
ҡҡͷҽ˵ȥ˵ġ
޲ƱЩû˵ʲôֻĿԳ˼ָӡ
пɣ̫һ䣬˿ԾҪˣڸ˰ҩ𣿡һ洿ģ޲ǰӺǰЩͬģ޲ǳһס
š޲ҵͷͬˣȥҩʱ޲ֽס
ҿ㰾ҩ޲΢΢ƫͷմЩĺΡ
޲˵뿪ߵĻġ
޲ϵĺʱ΢΢һ㶣漴Цδͬˡ
õģˡ


9 
Ϊ޲ҵܿԺʹһСС¯õ⴩ԺеïܵľϸĹ㣬İֹȵҩ
޲ҲȥԵ࣬õɫӿԶҲ֪ڿ⻹ٿ
Ƶʺӣɫȵǰȴ޷赲֮Ŀԣһֳֻڵϣһֻסͣ޲пϡ
Ѱ˿ԣжôѹǶڹy޲˵Ƕĥ
ԺΪ־޲ңû˸ǰȰ޲ҲҪԺţ޲ôõľ˵û޲ҵòҪţΪڹy޲ֲĺȰ涼ǾӸµ
һǲͬġ
սսıӶǴͷСؿҩȻ޲˺ѷεĿ֮һͣȻһּ򵥵˵˼仰Ѱҩ齻;ֱس޲ȥˡ
ˡ
طסпľԵ޲ңһĶε˵Ұҩʱ̿ȼղĻҳ˿𣿡
ȻˣǲҪԺﰾҩˣôܲ뿴ġ
԰׵޳ָڽ߬ס䣬ָĴдֲڣ޲ȻоõϴԴԴϵҲûиܵ¶ȡ
ݷǺŴ壬Сٻ󣬸ĸֳĵ۰Ϊԭ͹Ĺأм俪ʼʹδ׽ǸĸֳദҲԶһľ룬˶˵ĸε۰޲ȴֻо۰翣ͺ֦ͷӣ̶ʮվͿʼ䡣
á
˥ˣ޲ҴϢ˵һطɡ
΢΢һ̣漴ֱΪһǵģ޲ҷʹӵվȻ󻺻Ļص˷䡣
ԺӶ˲Լͬһ޲ҲȰִ没أôҪܿҲֻЩûкúȰ˵ӶˡΪ߸ϵĹĲݷǿɲӶʲôɣûӦµӶȻҪеӦĴ
Һˡ
޲ҷ󲻾ãʹˣԭҩӶ£ҩ˴Լʱ󣬾ͽϨ𣬽ҩʢ˳
հõҩ˵¶ȣҩ׿̨ϣ׿̨׼ȥ޲ңߵһȻͣ˽ŲŤͷԺЦЦ˵ûйľ뿪ɣҪҹ¡
Ȼֻʮ꣬ȴЩӶ˸
ûҪɴĿ뿪ˣҪҹȴɥԭء
*
׿̨վ⣬ɤȻ˵޲ҴˣҩѾˡ
ﴫĿƬ޲ҵĵͳɡ
Žȥ޲űֽд֣죬޲ҽһԣ̧ͷĿ׿̨Űɫĺɫҩ֭޲üͷ΢壬·ŵҩĿζ
û˻ϲҩȻҲûϲҩʱĿɬʮ޲ֻѾϰ˶ѡ
ҩһԣ轫ɢҩ޲ǰ޲ң¶ɵ΢Ц
ˣҪҩ𣿡
޲ûбֳҩ񣬵ֽӹҩͻغһڣΪڻǿɬʵҩǴ֮Ʒȴǵ
Ϊʲô޲üͷƽ¶졣
ôģ
Щ˼һͷҿ˺ҩʱ򲢲ģŴӦòϲҩǡ
ҽҪҪһЩҩϲ𣿡
޲û˵õ۾Ŵͷɫѱ档
Դҵ˼޲ҽҩϣŭ
𣿡
ϲɬҩʲô£ֻǶ޲ĸ˵һСС̴ӷֲͲһˣǱŭ޲ҲûзԼиա
ΪԼڶŷƢʵϲǷԼǰͬһµСһðգԼҪ
ǵЦһ˵λСүȡֵĿԣѾǸˣȴɵӡ
ǿ˵ˣһ̣޲˵ҵĴˡԴ˵뷨Ǵɣȴڴ˵ķµˡ
˵΢΢̧ͷèѸٵƮ𵭵ˮһ˲
΢ЦǺģ￴ȴ˶ݡ
ϲҩԺͲˡ
˵뽫ϵҩ£Ķܿ죬޲ұ죬ָⴥҩʱy޲ҾѾסֱۡ
ʲô޲ЩȻС˵֮ǰҶԼĲµӣڲһ仰Ϳˣû˵Ҫôջȥ
˵꣬޲ǲͷ˵°ɣҺȡ
ջ֣Ц
õģˡ
Ժùˡ޲ҩǲ˵鷳
̧ͷ޲ң۾΢΢һЦۿˮ˳۽Ǿõģˡ
ᵱȻ˵ûоûеģǴЦݵҲһζ
޲ֻش˳°͵ˮָϵһ䣬޲ﻹЩʧȻȵġ
ΪĺܿЦ˵
޲ŷԼԭ⻰˵˳
޲ƺû˼ס޲һϵıЦ˵ˣģҵֺůġ
ĺֱܵΥů⣬ȼյһ𣬶ůļ
ִΪñ޲ҺݺݳȻϳȥһپҲΪӶ˾Իᱻ޲Դֻǵȴ಻ͬˡ
ǴĻԺҲԸ
š


10 
˵ܹĶɱ˵ʹľ綾ֻʣͭǽҲ赲˵
ڲݷ˾ħ»£ʼѪ̧֮⣬ҲûܹʲôˣһȥλˮƽҪԽΪµľһͷ
ʵҲ޿ɺǣϾ˿ҲǸƾ£бȻλֻҲЩͬΪӶ˵˲ĵǣ֮ǰһ𵱸СЩ˾֪ǵͷϣǻҪȥͽ
һʮСƨֱºסǸˣ
һʲôɾֶΡ
λ˵Ĵ˰ɣ
Ϊڵԭ޲⼸ûٶŭɱЩӶ˵ĵӶ޼ɵĵ˵Щ֪νԣȻɢ
ЩʱȻţЩݵˣֻЩһ˼˻ߴүУΪ֮һҲкùӳԵġ
ҽȡҩʱ̲סˡ
Ѿǳģ̫ůȴң·ܵĹľֶһһĻůõԼá
ŵһ仨ʵ̫ϵʲôֻǵЩÿΪ޲ﲻκλֻ֣еζı̡
ſһֻϣǾжˣͻҵĴߣȴ˳ָĿĵĴߣײϣǻЦ⡣
Լʼݷլʱͺһɡ
ãСһͻʬ޴Ϣ
ֻȴЩͬˣȫһ
϶ĴԣĹǡ
Ӹʮ׵·̳󺰣Ȼ°Сŵߡ
˻ӵĺȻеϷŵ˵ϣȻתѾܵǰĻӡ
ʲô𣿻ӡ
ռ޲ҵʱѾܶˣǱڹˣҲʼʶֻһ̵ѯûӶоһֶϵܡ
ڵصɲЩ
ľܲףӲŤ˽ţұۼֿķסˣȷվſִߣһֻֻŸ޲Һȵҩ
ллվлȻҪ˵Щʲô
ǿ˫º͵˫ȴګګ˵
ǻҪ˵ġ
֣߬ĵؿ˵Щλ˵ԣ֪𣿡
ӾӦǲ֪ģ֪Ų⸱¾õģ
֪
㲻֪ĻӦûӦԹԵ˵ȥֱӦ˼
֪Ӿȵ˵
ôֹأǱ㲻кùӳԵģ
˵ͷһƵӣԷϡԵûЩڽŵˣҲ֪Եľ˭
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ӵл׼뿪ˣҽȡҩĻɢɢӵ̫޲ҴžͲˡ
ôĻңϣΪĪеԶڷ
ԻҪġ
סûӣժǶ䲻֪Ļ䣬ָḧŴĻꡣ
ô᲻֪Եĺ
Եˡ
ûݷҵʱ򣬴һλ¼޲õ¸ΪòǲɲҹҹſǻԼɷôҲûá
λǸŮˣǵԼԴʱϵ΢Ц
òˣҲ˵ַھӵĸ˿¸òԼɷӻ겻ᣬ¸ɷҵʱĴԣ˵Ů˺ͱ˲ɲ
ǸŮϵ΢ЦˣձŲϴ棬˷֤ס
ʱСȴѾʲôɱΡ
лл㣬ӡǶ컨ŤͷЦЦ
Ҳµġ
ټӡ
ͻӵ˱ӻ˻־ҩ˳ʱ·뿪ˡ
վԭأнԶıӰȻ˵ϻ
Щһˣ룬Ҳ˵ﲻһ
Ҳֻ֪ѡ
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˵ķзҲͽ޲Ժ֮ˣôҲǲ޲ұЩġ޲ұҲ㲻Ͳףûʲôᡣ
ֻûлᣬҲҪᡣ
ҩûͽŮȻҩȥ޲ҵӡ
Ⲣҩ޲ҺβģȻҲʲôЧ
ȥɡ
޲ҽҩ£ر۾
Ѿᷳˣһһҩȴû˿ôϧôᷳҲȥ
ŮϹϾؽҩȥֻʣ޲ˡ
˲𡣡
ڵϽ޲ɢҵϸһȻƫͷ޲ҡ
ҪǲҪȥ羰𣿡
ϵ޲۾Цһ˵ʲôÿġ
㿴ΣԻ˶õ˵࿴һһһĥ
ڻĻ˳޲ҵϡ
֪ŲûۣԶԶĿҲǺõġ
ɫĻմ֦ͷժ»δݻƣŽεɫ󣬾޲ҵģĺɫ޲Ҳ԰׵Աȣ޵С
޲Ż֣΢΢һ


11 
ʵ޲ұҪſ羰ġ
ֻһ̤Щ˾¶һµıʵɨټ岻ʵԭ޲ұҲԽ˳߶
޲Ҽǵãʼʱܳŵġ
ÿﶬļʱʱĳſ羰ȻܴϺܾҲѰĺһ֣ܹ͵նѩ
һ죬ڻ԰εˡ
֪Լ˶ãֻʼȫȥȳͷ·ܽ˺ѵʹܣ˵˵Ǿȵ¶ȡʶģ壬ҲȫʣΧȫǵģ׵ʹŭĸ׶϶·ֹһĿ
չȥҹ٣ƺһ޵ջ
ȥ𣿡
Ϊһɡ
޲֡
Ķֻóֻ֣ú˯һ˵ȴδϾ
һ죬ѹˣĸװڻϲ
ֻҲղݷˣΪ˹y޲ңЩҲûгֹ
Ǹյʦ֪Щ˵ʲô

˵ֻһЩڰѰ϶ĺڰΪʳֵһСǱϾҲ֡
֮޲øӲˣҲϧȻԼٳţ˼ʽˣҲûܶүʲôñͽݵ޲Խԣջ³֮ɫĶħ
޲һţֻû濴Χľɫ
ȥҲǲ
ֻǽĻ͵Ȱο޲ԭѾö̽˼ٴεػ
ţôֻǿ羰ѡ
޲ͬˡ
£޲ͭǰ˳ĺڷŮϸ£𣬲԰׵ɫںڵķ˿õӾԵùy޲ұ˶ǵ
Ժڵ˲ֹ޲ҪжȻҪֹҲֹ˵ġȻֹˣǸе̴ȴǲ١
y޲Ҳû߶Զֻȥ˲ݷҵĻ԰˹䣬ļ԰ǰٻ涷޵ʱ԰лһƬһƬƬĺҶ촵΢ҡҷ
޲Һ԰һ·ϲ֪˶ٲݷҵˣ޲ʱϾ¶һȿ־ı飬ԭЩ޲ɫҲԽ
޲ҵȵ׵޲ߵͷĵȰο˺αǵɫôأ
޲ҵ͵͵Ӧһ
ȵ޲Ͼ޲Ҹе˾ΥʣԭüͷЩ滺
ҽ˵˶ɹɹ̫ҲǺõġվ޲˵ûܣ
ûС޲ͣ˽Ų̧ͷԶԶŲԶͤ΢΢õɫ˫
ֳ˭
޲ҿŵĵط԰ĿźϵͤƵͤѾͤΧģ˾Ƿ棬һһҲŹ
޲ֻϵһˣǸ˾ֳδݷҵļݷ
һˣñ֮ͬ˪ѩǵķ˿տȴԵŮ۽ǴһĨ̺죬ּ仹һȻôġ
ͬһy޲ĽԲ֪Ҳпԭɲǡ
ֻǵƾе˪ݷ̸ĵΪҲֻһ˿˰ɡ
ռǲߣ䣬պֻƾһ֮ѹھҵ˵Ĵʦ
λʦȥиӵɫԹy޲˵
Ŷ޲ҵ˼Ȥֻǻδͤе˾Ѿע⵽ǲԶ޲Һˡ
ԭͺѶĵĲݷ˽ӽͿ˹ȥû뵽Լ߶ĵܵܡ
޲ңݷϲĿųͥԺеĵܵܣ˵˸ǸʹҴҵĴͤ߳Լܵߡ
ֳδ޲񣬲ݷѾַסҪ޲ҡ
ˣֵܣͲЩˡ
ݷһƬϲɫ޲ҾΥĳŸоĿģ޲ҾͤȥȻͤüۺЦİ
ҵĵܵܣy޲ҡ
˵ݷתͷ޲ҽ˰
Ŵ޲ҿǰ֮ǰֻĴʦûʲô˵ľȡ
ˡЦŰ˰˵ͺãֻһͨͨʦˡ
˾̵Ľ˼䣬Ϊ̴ȻǲҲ죬̫ĬĬվһ˵Ľ̸
ôճˣݷЩԼƽʱٳŵĵܵôȻӳš
Ȱһ𣿡
޲Ҳ֪ԼֳΪķʣ΢΢ͷһ۵ü˳վһ߲˵ûʲô
ֻԼ޲˵
Ȼ޲ҶΪϸ΢ڹٳһԹɫıµĲݷ
λ̴Ȱ߰ɣݷȻ˵
޲΢΢һ㶣Ȼ˵ͷ˵һ䣺š
ݷȻ΢΢һû֪λүȻΪʲô˵֮ǰҽݵĽ̸һΣҲΧƵı޲ҲߣôĪ͵ϡ
С̴ӵĹϴμҽҩݷЦе˵ȰҲǲסҪ֪ǰղҲûɹڡ
ʱ޲Ҿǿӣݷ¶˼Żεɫ
ү˵Цˡͷ˵ҸĶѡ
ûҲûҪ
ݷһ޲ǣﵹǶԽ⡣
ҪӶˣҶߵҵ̴ˡ
ȻݷֻǼ򵥵һ仰ȴһʱЩá
̧ͷ޲ҿһۣȻ޲ǹĻ΢΢£ԭҲսˡ
ʱЩͷۣѰ˼λүĺĺĪ˵ڿЦĻǸ߰ţǼĵܵܿôడ
Ҫ벻ͨҴߣ㵹ùȴҡ
ֿʼŻȥҪôy޲ˡ
ԡ
y޲죬˫Լֳ˵ҵġ
˭Ҳߡ
*
ͤ˰ΣǰĴĽ顣
һûôúÿݷҵӣĴ䣿
ЦӾһﵹҲ׺ӵ
ûʲô޲ҳҲ뿴羰ģ̸ֳͤ÷Щʱ䣬ݷͬˣ޲Ȼûʲô顣
Ǽ˾԰еĶʯ·˹䡣
ǡߵһɽʱ򣬸޲ԼָͷǳǳĹǵЦݡ
Ȼһ̣Ҫƹɽļ˾˶϶졣
˵СүԼߵ̴ӣֹϵأ


12 
һ˵ĽŲһ٣ûټǰߡֻ仰Ĳݷ͹y޲ұɫȴǺܺÿˡ
ɽû۵վǺ滹ڼ˵ĪеĲݷСүԼӶ˲ò˵Ķ¡
ǸʲôģǳһŲأ
ȻˣҲûʲôֵİɡ
Ǽٰ
֪»λԺӶ˸ҵġ
Ϊ֮һ޲ɫ࣬ؽҧҪҧһݣõɫ۷׺ݵĿżɽߺܴɽ赲Ǽ֪𱰵ҵǷǵϵ
ݷȻ֪ԼҵܵܲˣüͷǶ϶һЩĿ䵽ѾڵĿ¶ãȻͿֻ޴ϣݷ̽Ŀ˰Σа֪˼ǰ˰ʾվ
ãȻ޴룬ȫ֪ҥһ㣬¶˼ֱķŭίΪ̵˵޲Ҷû˵Ȼǲͷġ
ӵվͷȥ۽ǵˮһ½ǲ˲۾źۼȥǵЦ⡣
Ҫʲôݷ͹y޲ԼͻɾĽЩɾ
ѽѽǲء
һΪ˵İס죬۵¶־ȡ
֪ǲݷļ°Ҳò죬ֻվһ߿ŲݷҪô
벻Ҫ·ϡݷ˵Һ޲һὫ½õģ
⣬˵ԼҲЩȤζģȴ֪ߣûй̽˼Цҡҡͷû˵ʲô
ݷʮǰģǸЦЦŲӾɽȥֻǻδ˼һ˱Խߵǰ桪ǹy޲ҡ
˵
޲ҲļʱǿˣȻҲпŭ޲ѾЩɥʧǣһ͵˵ǰ
ŵһȵǰ̸ۻ˹֮һĹy޲ҸɫҰף޲Ĳݷ˫ĺһʶľ͹˵ϲͣؿͷʼ
޲ү
ҲǴӶģǵ°
үʲô֪
Ҳ˵ˣһү
޲ȻǲܾƮƮطŹǡ
Ұ׵־ͺݺݵס˾һ˵Ĳӣ޲ҽ˵ʹԴӲɺ˫Ŀ¶ֵˣ޲ҳɭЦ
ҵʲô¡
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ּȻǲǰģݷ½޲ҽȽͻȥ
޲Һò׳磬ȴЩ½˸ףеʿȽͣĵϻԼԺӣ޲˦ӾŭԼסլȥΪŭ޲ҵͷЩǵʹ·һ룬޲ΪŭǿŵӾЩҡ
޲·仰Ҳû˵޲ҽµ鸡첽˼ס޲ҵ佫޲΢ȵסˣû˷޲״Ĳԡ
ˡҪΪЩͷû޲ҿԼѹ˵ҵĴһҪ塣
ˣҲ̷ˣҲչ˺Լ
޲ҽµĶһ٣ߵڲ˵һ仰
Ȼ罻Ҳʲô⸱Ӹ˵ķơ
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ΪĪݾò˵޲Щʧ
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Щɳƣ޲ź֪ķƺûô̧ͷ
¹һ޲ֻûӦȴһƬʪ
ٵҲЩ˿˵һ㾫Ưֻ۽ȴЩ죬ƤŸף촽ҧĺۼ
޲Һ֪ӷЩ֮󣬾Ҳûˡ
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Ҳֻδڵĺӡ
޲ֱַȥϵˮûЩ£ҲûѧοˣΪȥѾ뵽ܰο˵Ϊˡ
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΢΢߬˴߲е֣޲Ҳ԰׶ʵճ¶΢Ц
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޲ԵĿؿŹڵսսһˣ˻ּʿͼڻ԰˷
һ˼¡y޲ҾӸµضŵһȺֲ̿ѵˡ
ҵҺҵ̴ôһ岻


13 
Ӷ˴󲿷ֶǶڲݷӵҥ֪ġy޲˵һսսķڵϲ˵ôһ˸ˡ
ʿڵϵ˸Ƕɸڵϲͣģֻ˵ĵȥǼ仰ʲôʵùy޲ұķң̫Ѩͻͻ
߾ǷŲߵİ޲ұ˱۾ץֱߵһ豭ͺݺݵڵϵȥ豭һ˵Ķͷڵ˺üƬ˵ĶͷҲƤʺѪ˳Ŷǻ¡
˱˵ڵɪɪ˵
졣ҧֹסѪζ޲΢̧°ͱˣˣ˵𣿡
޲һ˵˲ҡ
޲Ѿüû˼ѪˣЩ˵θڣλСүԭǸµħ˲Ÿڻ԰ֵط޼ɵ̸˼ҵ飬ҪǱ֣ʲô
վһߵľϹ̾˿ĿͬվһߵͷĬȥǵһʶһ㣬Ϲ¸ӵؿźʲôûȴһѪȷ
˭Ҳ֪ʲôվһľ񣬽Ӳ壬ĬⳡԵģ˭Ҳע⵽һкӡ
y޲۾˿һȦû˿
ЦָʼֵһͿ˿ڣңЩ˭˵ģ
˵Ļľ㡣
ɴ⣬ȻΪ־˵еͣϧΪ潫Լ֪Ͳһȫ˵˳
˵ĶǺܶ࣬ȴµ˶˳
ѩһԽԽ˶ʼָ˵Լ¡
ҪѣֻҪҵԴͷͺãһһָ¹ŵӶ˱߰˰ˣû˭޹
ŷڵԭɣȥ˰ҲûԴͷ˭ǲݷ»Ὣ˸Ͼɱֻϧ޲ҲǲݷҲûǵʴ֮ġ
ҲԴͷǾȫˡ
޲ͷȥ˭Ҳֲ˺ãû˵޲ҲûмҪǳԴͷԭԶ׼ķŭʧ޲û˵
ԺһƬϢĳĬ亹ðôҲᶪҲ𽥰
ŲԼһȲ裬޲ҽ豭ŵ
ˮе̣ð¶ȶ峣޲˵ãҲůͶѡ
Ȼ˭֪Ǿˡ
⻰˿еļ˸Ƿ࣬뵽Ȼǻҩʲô֪үСƮƮؽҹˡ
ҵδ̫硣
Ȼһֻ죬˵ʱȴʲôҲʲȻǳһʲôأֻ˷Ѳݷҵʳ˲
޲ҴűƯˮϵһĲ蹣ЦЦݷҪˡ
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޲Ŀ˵ĵ磬Ҫû˱¹ŵļʮһˡ
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˲Ǵ˷Ŀ޺ʿ޲۵׵ĺ⣬ԥžһ˹ȥ
޲û˼ٿȥЩµˣ첲ڲֳŶͷ޲Ұ۾ʼĿ񣬶˵Ĳҽ˵ͺʲôһ㣬ǶѪȵĻȡ
ղõԺϣǵĲůǳǵϺ
ֻǻûʿ֣Ѿֹˡ
˳޲ߡ
ˣ벻Ҫ
ɳƣǶ޲˵ȴǸϸ
ⲻ޲Ҫ޲ϣĻ
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ѵÿȺ˺ݺݵĽѵһ٣Ժ϶ٸðy޲ҵϣҲڱҽ
˵ʲô޲Ŀǲţ֮ľǵջ
벻Ҫ޲Ҵˡȥһּǫ̬Դ˵ûкôҲܲ𡣡
޲Ҷ˵֮ΥľٶֻǵûƽϢ޲ҵŭ𷴶ŭԽ߰
͡޲ЦһΪģţ
˵еЩʹһy޲Ҿദ죬õɫ۾ķ
Щ˻˶ж𣿡
޲˵ġ
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ܻƽħ˺Уħ˺ô죿ʹа򾩶˭ܱ֤һʧЩ´ȥ˵ҲҪһǧɣ˲ˡΪʲôҪأ
Ϲǵһμһ㿴δܰѱŭе޲Һסˡ
ˡ
޲ҵɫۿɼıá
ô޲ʡ
ֻҪԴͷͺá˵˿ԺȻٷ
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ֻЩʶˡ
y޲˸û䣬Ȼԭħֻħѡ
ûȶãԵԴͷ˵ӵָ˳
˹ڵֻû˻Ҳ⡣
ϵҲµ
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Ҳãһݡ
ȵȡ޲ҽסʿȻʾʿев
ȥвŵģ޲ǿƵսѵ
޲ҿʣ˵ɱ
߬еĵͷЦЦ
á


14 
ûɱˣѪҲֻʱڻԵɺϵ¿޲ɱʱ龰ҹҹ˯žһۺصѪȥ޷ϵ˫ۡ
Щµģװ򶨣ɱôƮƮһأ
ֻǣֿ־壬Լδ
ǹy޲ĵ޲΢΢ЦЦ
õģˡ
еĵ߬Ǹ߹ȥ߬ŵЩǽµĲȴǺܼᶨһһǸ޲ҵĻȥ
Ǳ޲˵ǸɫҰףΪȵľֶγɵŤı飬һۿȥǸĳª
ҰɣҲҲˡṈ̀ڵϻڲͣŲһһˣĿڿʲô
㣡ŹңҲұЩˣ
޿ˣȻֱڵĦ˲֪ٱ۵קס½ǣǰͷĿ⿴ϣղ޲ҷŹһŹ
һ뵰ҲñЩԣ֪ˡ
ĹҡĹҡ
ǿ޺
ʱһ𣿴ûеġ
˱۾ؽҧǾ⸱ǱģʵѿĺܣǾ˱ĿЦ
Ҳǡ
Լʲôأ
пҲɱȻΪԼԶַԼֻ֡ϲƲȻ󾲾ʤĹʵʲôʲôϵ
ҲмȥԶֻ֣޲ҾıĿضԽһһ
Ϊһмȥֵ˶ʧȥ޲õϧ
ίԼ⡣
ͷĺע˻ǵ˫ۣϻظһЦݡ
Ĺ㡣˵Ȼų۽ǻ¡
һԭЩжȻŷ˼ΪҵĹʣͺɳĮеȱˮյÿͷޡǸʲô˼ϣ
ǺܿϧĲϣ
Ĺ㡭ۺˮǣ˭ĹҰ
еĹϨˣԭƱϲЦݾϣ۵Ӻδȥľ֡
̧еĵϻűʹɫ⸱ģɱһˣھһ꣬ıȴη
ڵµһ̣ԭں󷽵޲ȴȻֹȥĶ
ȵȡ޲ҿȻ˦Ҫ˵֣Լŵذվ
ͣĵ˻ȥһһ̲һ㵹ڵϴϢΪԼӹһ
ˡ߹޲˵
ɪпǽǵ˾ߵ޲ңŵ̧ͷ߹޲ңˮ°ҡҡ׹޲߽˰ȻЦһ
ɱ˶ô̡޲ҿĿмָӡ
𣿡
۽޲˲û˵Ŀ޲ҡ
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޲ǲе滰ģһץסŵ֣Ųɿܵ˵ݺݵĻṈ̀ǽǵ˵Ĳӡ
ֻһ˲飬ǸűϵĲӣҪȵĺѾϵĺֻܷ
ĿǲţûзӦʲôһĿĶǰ޲Һ˲Ϣ֮䣬۾ȥˡ
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㲻ɱˣ𣿡
޲ҵ˵ؾܵİ˽̸
˿ĺܽ޲ɱǸ˵ʱվ§˼ż磬һ̸ʲô޼Ļ
Ѫӵϻ䣬ȻһһεصｫƬȾʺ졣
㲻ɱˣǡ޲ЦûϵҰ㡣
޲ҽɿ˳Ĺ๾صӹѪȻССˮ
ǿӲĽ޲ҵĿһಡõˣõ۾ضմȾĵʺ죬ܴжһ仨
ܺÿ
޲˫ôĴָΎȥǵѪۣϲá
ֻѪ˺ᡣ
죬޲ҵ۾ûɵĸеĻҡ
Ȼ޲Щİ
ˣ𡣡ۣƽ
ϲ
޲һӾͿԭ򣬿סΪʲô¶ı顣
ȥȰûнͱղɱֻǰɱһ׶ѡ
޲Ҳϲ̬ȣȴ˵ڣ䵭ı޲ֻؿʹ
޲ΪԼַˣĿں˾롣
ˡ
ȷŭί޲ҧ޺޵ؿ죬Ȼת뿪ˡ
ʰɾһۼζҲʰȻ󶼹ȥ
޲ͣ½Ųתͷʣµ˵Ժһ˿һԣ˵ͣҲˡ
˵ֿԶң
վԭأ˲ϵѪϵѪʱĿȴ˲Ⱥͬڵ޷ɢĻӡ
ῴڿʧĸ
֣ЦЦȻŲӸ޲ҵ
ھϹµʱͣͣŲϹЦŵͷȻͷҲصظ޲ҵĽŲӡ
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޲ҵԺֻһʬ壬ǲһ޲ҵԺ˶Ժ﷢ڣѯʱ㶼þֵѯʵˣͷҡþ˹һ㡣
ЩһϦ֮ʧӰ٣ͺûֹһ
ֻǴ˶֪ˣy޲ûб䣬ԭħǸ̴ӣҲͬǲ˵ˡ
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ݷԼСɱһ˵ʱûие⣬Ҫ˵޲źü¶ûֳо֡
ֻΪʲôݷȴ֮Ļش
ԭĲݷὫ˽¸ϣ˵޲ұ̴Ȱסˣ
ǵġ
޲үȰסˣû£ֻױүɱˡ
ݷƬ̣˵Ҳã޲ҿƲסԼƢɱ̫࣬иȰסҲ㻵¡
˻Ӷ£ݷ̾˿
޲ұСӣֻʱ޶࣬ĵ㡣


15 
֮͹һΡƽӡ
ҲϾκһеӵھ͸ЩҲǵġʾ֮һⲢΪ־һʮкʲôÿµģǺµվĹy޲ҡ
Ǹ״Ϊ˾ӣݷ˵лӶ˱࣬µЧʸ˲١
Ͼǰ֮˭Ҳ뵱һ˲
·ϣ߾˾ɫҴҲҰĿһ˿һЩǾһˣЩ򽻵ֵɡ
ĩգԽȡȵڱ͸Ĵϣÿ߹ͻᵴĳ·ľչ֦ѾֻҶҲʼ΢ļ󣬲֪ﴫĲҲԽȥֻ˻˯
ȵĸֻ꣬ǰŷõһˮݷԭľһף˵лˣµʱȻͶ˵Ҫлһ¹y޲ұ˲Ŷԡ
ûõĶȥ
ûߵ޲ҵſھ޲ڴŭűһ֪ʲôƷ죬ײϷƵžŮ̿ġ
Ȼûʲôһ֪ǹy޲ڷƢˡ
֪ΪΣ쿪ʼ޲ҵƢͱ˺ܶ࣬䲻ֳճǻʹһЩˣҲʱᱻ޲ұ䳰ȷһ
Խȣȵͻĸ꣬չy޲ұ粻⵹Ҳв͵˹y޲ұ˶޵ΪΪԶնûô޲˵
ߵھǰ޲ߡ
ˣôˣѯʡ
ǡ޲һ˵ͷ᲻ãҪʲôá
ڵһԲɪɪŮȥȻ޲ƷһƬһľЩɫĳŮͷʱǳʹ޲ҵͷƤֿʼˡ
Ĳãʧ󡣡ϸİڱе޲ңǴ˺αΪ޹ؽҪ鷢ŭأ
ȻˣΪɡ
޲⻰ɵĿĿЦüϣ޲򴽾Ȼеһ˿ĶſڱӦֻ˵Ļȴ˳ζ
ǡô֪ʲôʱѧ
ǵģԼѧһ㡣ЦЦû޲ҵĿ˵Ȼұ֤һһСõġ
޲ҳĬ˰ΪԼЩˬ⸱̵ӣһͬˡ
ڵϻڷŮ˵ȳȥˡ
⻰Ůɴ⣬޲ҵĬ¾ǧлĿ첽˹y޲ҵķ䡣
ΪʲôҪ޲ҿȻʵ㲻𡣡
һû޲ʲô˼
ô֪
Ϊʲô˵ȻȻʳû
Ϊʲô
޲Ҳ˵ĻҧҧǾԼʵĻЩ߳ܣ޲һʳ˿ڣץɱǸˣ㲻𡣡
֮˵Ҳ˺ܶࡣ
ȻһĻ޲˵ڵġ
ⶼǼǰˣ޲Ҫǲ˵Ҳ뵽Ī⾹ȻǸͽйء
ƬͿʼͣҲûˡ
Щһ㣬˵ֻǡЩѪЩܡ
޲ûϵĻش𣬱ܵЩţ޲һѿڶΪʲô˵
Ϊ鲻ãԲŴˡ
û뵽⼸޲Ҷ䳰ȷȻԵɡ
˾Ƭ̣û뵽ԷΪȻԭ򣬿һļž޲ұܲķΧҴת˾ǰ
˵ˡ޲ǿӲɡ
ûٿϵȻ󽫲ϵķ˿ϸϸժȥȻ޲ҵͷĵϸܵݾش޲ҵķһֱ£ںھķ˿شл
޲ͷڷȷǼãȥⲢһӸеķ˿еǧСŶԡ
뵽ԭƽıͱˣﾹƲס¶һ΢Ц
˹y޲ƽʱΪͬһ棬ȥ԰Ը޲ҾȻȻ˼ֵϲ
޲ǰڷŵľǾӣһһܿ˵ϺȻֵ΢Цˡ
޲Ҳ֪Цʲôüͷ΢ŸԼͷʲôЦģкȻʮֵĲڣȻžеʳЦʲô
ûЦջȥеĶҲûͣ£޲ΪʲôЦͣƬ˵ֻǾãͷܺÿ
ش޲ҵ֮⣬΢ƫƫͷ޲žеԼʮֵĮ
Ρ޲ҳ˳˵ʲôá
ôƯͷҲǰѡ
ûãǿȥҲǺĿġ޲Գ޲ҵͷú˳޲Щɢҵ½Ц˿ȥѾúܶˣҽһκô˵ġ
βء޲ҴĻ
͸ӿվԼ޲ҳĿдż˿ɲķ֮ɫ
Ҫô죿
ⲻԭ޲һ˵Ļǰᵽۣһ˵ɫöЪ˹Ŀŭէһ޲ҵĻƬ̾ʶط˲ġ
Ȼ⻰˵ʹ޲ұҲǲŵġ
ȥֻЩʵȴǿиɣưܵѾҩˮͿգ˵峿ĳһâôy޲ҵǷвһܰϨ
޲ݵָץ䣬վ
תΪҪһͷԵ΢΢õɫ۾жȵؿǰ׵ꡣ
޲ſ˵ˡ
Ҳңô
޲ץ΢΢սԼ༫һ޲ҺȻԼЩɬ
֪Լôˣڽš
ʱΪ͵ܳȥԸĸʱҲķӦֻЩͬ
ʲôͬ޲ҲûǸȥϸ롣
ֻ˰죬ĿеûлӦ޲ҴʧʮֵķŭɾҪƿʱԭһԲ˺Ȼ
˵ʲôַŵ޲Ҵϵ֣޲ЩɫЦЦ
ҵȻһֱŴ˵ġ
Ļش޲΢ɲһԭץҲɿЩ޲ǳЦ˵˵Ļ
԰ձתȥˡ
޲תһ˲䣬ûпԭЦȥû˿飬ƽˡ
ҵȻһֱŴ˵ġ
޲ҵıӰǰӸ
ǰǴܹһֱš


16 
޲ҵ˵塣
ǿ޲Ϊʲô˿־ģһ˾Ŀ־ʱҪô޷ƵĿҪôǿܹƽֵֻ߳ĸʺСǰֻܿܿĳ̬ˡ
޲ûǵȿľȻ޷ƽԼʱ޶ʵܹĸѤͽʳôܽԼҪڵµĽο޲õʱ̣Ȼвƽ
ܲԼĽȴԼܹ
ƾʲôأⲻ޲һԸ뷨
Լһֱ޲ңϾ޲ҸǿϲҪ֮ǰȴһǰġ
y޲һֱȥ
еϲ޲ҵģϾ޲Ը̫ϲҪ˵ȴû˵ֻһϲôܱȵùԼĿأ
ο仰˵޲Ҫȥأ޲һ
ġ
һ˽ΪĵˣҲһ
ֻǰ޲ҵԸ޲ԼһҲʲôֵ뷨ϴӦĺܺãֻѾʼԼҪôܶ㿪޲ҺɵһԸ
һǽ޲ҵ峹ܹõĻȥһֹ޲ⲻʵʵͷ
ͷԿʼת˼ԼӦſʣ¶̶̵һнԼסһϣãѾʮô漣ػָֻҽı£ȥҽĽôǽǲʣôܿҪʼǵڶˡ
ݷңܹѹƹy޲ҵĳ˲ݷݷᣬһ˾ǹy޲ұ˵ֳݷһμݷ
ΪĹ棬޲ûע⵽޲ͣĽŲֱֱײȥ޲ײһ
Һֻײһ£޲ֳǽڻعͷüͷʲô
һ˲ܿǺЦ޲ҵ۾˵Ǹˡֻ˵ҩƺѾˣҪȥҽȡһ¡
ˣ뿪һ¿𣿡
޲⻰ȴ͵üͷ˵ȥҲԣ㲻ȥˡ
޲ڶ뿪һΪе쳣ų⣬ֻнеһЩҪ뿪һĻشʶֹˡ
һ˲ЩûӦϾ޲һͷһѸٵľܾ
ʲôأˡЦδ䣬̽޲ҵɣʲôҪȥ𣿡
޲˵⻰ʱɫ΢Щ죬ֻûз˵С£ҪȥҲԡ
ǾԼıʵЩ֣޲ǱŭһǿӲ˵ڲ뿪Ұ벽ҩ˭öһ
ϵЦһùy޲е㲻Ծȴ˵Ϊʲô
Լָ⣬Щԥ޲˵ûֻҩ˭öһҪȥǲԵ֡ĿȴҩֻϣԼܹȥѯҽһЩѡ
ֻǿȴǲܵжˡ
˵ǡͷ˵
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ȡҩ·һߣ޲䣬޲ƽ¿ȺȲ迴ԼԼ塣
޲һһˣΪƽʱ񷱶ĲݷȻ￴Լĵܵܡ
ԵĲݷȿǰ̣ڲݷϷ·˰ΧɫĺͷŵĹΣ˱涼ڷһ㡣
űתͷվſڵ޲Һ΢΢Ȼݷ޲ЩƵΪϻչ¶һĨЦ⡣
޲ңƺǸ̴أ
޲ҵ˵ͷһ˵˱ֱţȽϺöѡ
𡣡ݷϸ˵޲ңҺܾû¹ˣǶһ
ϹһžͺԭЩľȻ滺
޲ûоֳܾѵõ룬ߵ̱߻˲δΧ塣
໥Ӿһѷâ¶н赲ǰİ御ɣ෴Ϊİӣڰ紺绯Ĺɱʳ㱾˶һеķŻһ֪⣬ɿó޲ҵĹѾԳơ
޲źüͷ̰󽫺ӽ˵ˡ
ݷҲûֹ޲һΪԵľٶЦҡҡͷ˵ӣ˹ٳֻԿ
޲ûȤЩԼûҲǵʲôٵģο˵ԸҲͷЩԱίߣֻǻûú˵ͺ޲ðЩ˵Ͷϡ
ҶЩûȤ޲Ŀ¶뵽ԼЩԳ
ݷ֪ЩʧԣĬȻ޲˵һְɣҲ̸̸
˵ղݷ޲һֱڶûгüЦЦ˵޲ң̴ȥɡ
۽΢΢һûӦ΢΢ƫͷλϲ޲ң޲ҿԸֻڲݷЩµ˵ͷȻ˵ȥ
ͷ𴿴Ц˵ȥȡҩȻͻ˳˷䡣
˴ʱ˿ݷĵЩʱ䣬һͿȥҽʹy޲ҵҩоʲôز


17 
غ뿪ֻ˲ݷ޲Ҷˡ
ǲֳʲôҪĻҪ˵ˣ޲ҳĬöµ軺Ʒһڣʲôֳ
ݷ֪Լ˶õģԼеӣ˵޲ңһôãǲǺܹ¶
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˳С·͵ҽסСԺӣԺǱҽԿҩ԰󣬵ÿһطҽϤϵĺۼڻƺɫѾðɫѿʵչŴ֦ҶΪ⼸ͷҵԵʣԺﻨˮͰΪҩˮ
Դ֮ûôˣΪʱ޲Һɱ˶е־壬ҲΪôõеʧ
˵ͦеһʧģȻԻӲŮ֮飬ǰѻӵԼΪĺѣϸƺ˵ǺѵҲֻлӺҽˡ
ǺܺõˣԺ˼ǻΪԶܹ⣬ģЩʧ䡣
ҽﶯȻ󣬵ôվܹ޷˺ӵġ
ӽˮʱɾͿԭӽˮ΢΢һӾҪˮͰͽˮӵȴ߹ֹˡ
û˵Щʲôֻ˻еˮͰЦЦ˵ɣ˵еˡ
Ҳûܾ֪ܾҲûõģΪˮЩʪǻҵ·ϲ˲ˮȻЩ޴վһԡӿˮͰһһ׵Ľҩݣºͣϵ΢Цһ˸е崺硣
ѪһĻڻȻҹҹ˯š
˹y޲ɫҲմѪ
ſڣ⼸ûҽڿЩ졣
ôˣ˵Щһ㣬ЦЦȻͷûٿ
޲үýҩƽ˵ʲôֵһС£ֻy޲ֵĻһ̾¶˼ֿ־塣
Ҳǣֵúܴ󣬻ӾؿһǰǸִûѪŮ˵ʵܾС
˻۵׵ľţˮĶͣĿ˵ϵҩϡ
ҽʲôʱأʡ
Щɬ죬˵Żһӣҽƽʱʱġ
һҩݽ꣬ȻеľͰӷ£˵һ°ɡ
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˾վҩԳĬԣܲεķΧӿֹʲôû˵
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ҡһ˵ҧҧȻԥԥʳ˿ڣ㡭뿪λ𣿡
Ҳ˵ֻƮƮһ컨Ӷ˸
Ϊʲôôʣؿһۻӣɻ顣
ẦġӽŵЩ״Σ졭졭
˵ˡ
ЩݣΪ˺޲ϲŭ޳ԸẦ֮⣬޲ֿЩ롣ֻǲδ̫ɲԼɡ
Ҳ뿪޲ߵġӣƽ
ڵһж޲Ҹģ뿪ôһжûˡ
޲Ҳߵġ
㲻𣿡ʣɱˣẦ𣿡
ǲµģں񲢲ʺ˵仰ƭӵĻҲƭȥǳĬΣ˵ðɡ
ϾǸҪ˵ҲɱģֻǱ޲вȶѡ
Щѹȥ̷޲ҵԭˣڵͿ
Լûдȥ޲ھһˡ
ʲô΢΢üͷЩ⣬Һܺã޲Ҳû˺ң㲻õġ
ӾԼʵЩǰǻǿƲסİǿס˲۽ǵˮȻվ
ǸֻѹЩ󡣡ӳЦЦֻǲ²⣬пֻǲ´ˣҲֻƾջ粻˵
ֹһϾ޲һãŮʵڲó
뵽޲һֱ׵İʾ˰ȻԻ˵Ȼڲ̫ܣǻһ֮Ҿͻ뿪
û뵽Щϲ̧ͷǻûȻ˵ҽѾˡӷ糾ͣȴ˸߲ҡ
γջܴ
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Цŵͷ첽߹ȥͽҽϱŵҩ¨
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ݷҵҩǺܶôҽ˵һͺˡ
ҽ˳Ķҩ¨ȡƣش˴ڰ˵һһ޲ҵĲҪҩҪ̵ܿС
ҩ¨ϣҽĻ۾΢ҽĲӺ̽ʣҽڵҩôأ
ʵҽ˵ĵˣ̶޷ȫг
Ѿˣֻǡҽ˵Щźһζҩûҵ
ʲôʶʣʲôҩ
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ҽҽץҩǻΪ˽ǲò뿪ˣֻ뿪֮ǰƺһЩ˵
ڴûʲôġ
ҽ˵ı˰֪⻨˵ֻڵʵˡ˰ȷҲڵҲĳ̶ȡ
Ҽǵã˰Ȼǻûеҵĵز˰죬Ȼҽ˵
ҽ̾˿֪£ûֻͨı˰ҲˣֻҪĲͨı˰ɫ˰
ɫ˰ֱδţʹҽּ˸ݵ˶δɫ˰˵û˵
˵ҽЦִ˵еĻ䣬ҪѾȥʦùɫ˰ιˣҲϻɫı˰
ҲǲŵģֻûҲȲ޲ңôҲԶ׼ġ
ǼشˣţҲֻǺֻܺҪң
ҽҡҡͷҩΪץҩ˵ֻһ˵ֻһط
ЩС
ҽץҩֶ˶٣̾һֻһ֪
˰


18 
˰ҽĻãٴȷһʵǴ˰
ҽͷȻԼϡĺӣ̾˵֪˰֪ɫ˰䣬ȴ˰ﶼ֪
οﱾ໥жԣҵ˰Ҳ޷еõʲô
˵Ϣ֪֪Ҳûʲô
֮䱾ˮݣοҪõһЩأ
üͷ΢ΪõһЩϢֻǿϣ̫ãòѡĿԡ
ҽץõҩУҽؾһ˵ллҽˣ뿪ˡ
*
ȥҽԺҩʱ䣬޲ҺԼֳݷ֮ҲΪš
Լֳˡ¶𣿡޲ҷеĲ豭ؿԼֳݷ
ʲô˼Ҳ˵ʲô޲ҵѾЩˡ
ݷһֱЦƽһ˫γĺ޲ң˵Сಡĸ׺ţûʲôѡ᲻е¶벻ȥѣ
޲ҲЩ˵ǳٵĺ⣬ʱȦһССԺӣܻĵطֻڲݷլ΢ЩȴΪԭûദѾ׷˶ĿʱȴָԳȥ
ʲô˼ڿЦ޲ҲȤڴֻбðͱķŭ
˵ˣûȤ޲Ҳٿ̷תһƬ̣ɫ䵭
ݷЦ֪ڵ޲ѾˣֻǼ޲ҲҪ˵ȥ
޲ңĸϣܹȢһλӡ
ݷѽ޲ԺӵĿ˵˳赭дĺ̸޲ҵ¶˵һֵһС£˵꣬ݷǿʲôһ˵һλŮӣ޲ңġ
޲Ҳ⣬ϢҵһͷµѸٵĻعͷԼֳԴǷŭľܾˡ
˵ʲôʲôӣҲȢģ
ݷϥϵ߬ˣĿֱֱĿΪŭѾʼ޲ңһİ˵
޲ңѾʮˣĹӵѾȢӣΪѾ˺ܾãȥֻЦ
ʲô£޲Ц˵ʲôҲûмǣǸĸ׾öɣ
ݷû뵽޲һ˵𾪵طô룿ĸֻϣܹԼѪ
Ȼأʲôãһǻ޲˵壬ôѪ
Ƶ壬ԼԼοЩ޽Ůˣ
ҲȢһԼûмŮˡ
޲ȫûȢһλӵ뷨һ뵽ԼҪһȫʶҲ˽ŮͬͶĵ£ҪǣԼΪǸŮ˶̲ס
֪Լô
ݷȻ֪޲ҵ뷨׾ͿԸıģ֪ԼĸǹִԸѾ׸ı䣬ݷε̾˿˵޲ңûа취ĸײͬġ
ѾӵѡˣĸҵһλԸܺãҲĸѾˣǺ⡣
޲ҸΪŭվΪýЩȣҡҡλεƷ̣޲Ҳ⣬Ųݷ˵ҲȢģȥȢɡ
ݷ޲ҵԸ֪ԼȰס޲ңֻȴû뵽޲һ˷ŭԸܺãΪԼܵʧֳĶлΪ޲Ҹеĺѹ
Լ֪޲ΪԶҪɱ˵ȴߵ̴Ȱס顣
֪Ǹ̴ӽǸƯкӣԸҲܺãϾ޲Ըʵڲࡣܸĵչ޲ңܿ޲һ˵ϻˣȻݵλܴ󣬵Բݷ˵ʲôֵ顣
ֻòһۣѻˣ۲΢ȴЩ޲ҵĲԾ
Ǹ̴ӹˣԾĹ۲һһ޲ΪԼСڲݷȴɼ
ݷⲻ̫ԾⲻǶһӦе̬ȣΪʵڹһЩȻͰǺѣԺͰ̸ЦԿǾⰲһһΪһδ
ǲݷ󵨵Ĳ²һ
޲ңǲϲݷ޲ң̽ʡ
޲ԭŭɫ΢΢һ䣬ʶķԼֳĻ˵˵ʲôֻǸ˶ѡ
ֻ˵ȴʲôһ㣬޲ɫøˡ
ֻǸ˶ѡ޲˵
һһ䣬ڷ񶨲ݷĻҲڸԼǿʲôһ
ˣֻǲݷȴǲ̫ŵġ޲ѾûԼֳദȥģ˵껰Ųߵűţͷ˵ֳ뿪ˡ
Ȼ޲һعͷѾȡҩվſڳ޲΢Ц
ˣѾҩȡˡ
޲ŵ΢΢һ˵ˣ
ʵ¶һģ˵ţʲôˣ


19 
ҩ¶ɻɫǲ֪޲˵ʲô
˵ʲô𣿡ʡ
Ҹոմҽûүʹ˵ʲô
û˶٣޲Ҳ֪ڵĻңϣܹЩһĶߣҲ֪ݼ̫ûûɻɫ
޲ҲҲ֪ԼǸڴûϣˡ
ȭͷ߬޲ɬѱ棬ĿЦŵҩϲͣת޲ҸоԼǻϷ·һһ㲻ϲµĿȻܵȴں
ûˡ
Ĭã޲Ҵ߹ڹĲݷЦЦת޲ҵĲȥ
û𣿵Ȼǡ
ֻ޲˵Ļ˵ʹˣϾ޲˵ûֻǸ˶ѡ
ΪЩ޹ؽҪС˲ݷѯ޲ҵĻҲֻᣬy޲˭ϲģֻԼҪġ
ôһϲڣҲǷҡҷ˿һͶϡ
ĲӱȽС޲ҺЩϣ첽ǰȥҩٵ޲ǰ۾Цˡ
ˣΪҩȥɡ
޲ĭһ
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Ϣ֪˲Ǻܶ࣬ϸ۲ܹпһ
y޲֪ϢʱѾˣǧҵĹѾ˲ݷ˵ͣϢ޲Ʒ˰ڷŲߵӣЦ
ݷ˰Źսսعڵذϣ޲һ
Ҳȥĸ޲Ѿһһֵˣͷϵɼ
԰޲үĹڵϣҪûаȥҪҵġ
޲ҲŲô˶ͷϲð亹˵ĸ׻ᷣ㣿
ھɱ𡣡
˸Ǳ޲ŵȥǣɫҰ׺ҪιȥƵġ
޲һ־Ҫʱǰһס˹y޲ҵ֡
ˣȥɡ޲˵Ͼĸףá
ңֻǼһѣôġ
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Ǹǧ㣬ǸƯ⾩гɰǧ˳Ĺһ˶ЦºͣŮϰڵżһ㣬ȻƯȴԣټľгɰǧĹŮδѾĥƽ
ݷ˺ϲλЦĺϲ£쳯һɫĹy޲ҲͣؿǶô㡣
ֻϧһжǶţ٣y޲Լĸ׵Ժһʱ߶Լĸ߶߶ûֹǰƯһû˿ע⣬񷴶һֱվǰԶȴȥ
ܲãûеطйֻܿŴ
ǸȤ࿴һ۶ᷳҪÿ
ֻ⼸Դһûʲô𣬵ȴû¶Ծ̲סת
޲ҾĻ˵ģûʲôɣֻһֱˡķӦȴڲͣİʾûֻ˶ѡ
ֳ޲Ҹ첲֧ϣĿ⿴ǧȴԼĸΪһֱǧ㡣
޲Һϲ𣿡
ݷЦǻϲá
⺢ӵȷǺϲأҲƯ޲ңأ
˵꣬ݷ˰ʾԵؿԼĶӣϣܹ˵һЩƯĻǧ㿪һЩҪ˵y޲ŮӦģΪʵǺÿĽ
ֻǲݷΪԼĶ̫ţҲ˽ԼĶԸ
޲ҵջأתԼĸס
Ҿã˵
ݷеصͷڴ
޲ҲûԸĿڶǧǰ벻м
޲ſ죬³Ĳ͸һĶ˵һ䣺ˡ
˲һƬžǵЦһû뵽y޲һ˵ĻҲ֪ûӻǰ
̧ͷ޲ҿȥȴֻҹ˵Сү˫õ۾ضȻ촽΢˵ܳ󡣡
ָ޲ҵıʹƵˣȻͷ
ûٿ޲ΪˬջߣߵĲݷѾ¶һ˵ʲôı顣
޲ңôô˵
ݷһӣֻǱϾԼӣҲôȻεĿڶſ޲ҵǧ㡣
㣬ǱǸ޲Ƣãһ˵ġ
ĹﶨҪy޲Ŀ޳Ĺֻ㶵Ŀ޲ңӲݷ˵ĻŻعȻص˵ͷվ
һۣʶΪǣʹ޲ҵ˵˹ֵĻǧȴû˿ߵŮž뿪ˡ
޲ǱԼĸ˵˰컰뿪ֻǿɵӹҲûȥٵġ


20 
ݷĺܺãǧҹʵЩݷʱѾû˺ܶࡣŰҵĲݷȻ˲ݷϡ
˵Щûǧô˵ҲǺŴ壬ѾûˣھҲԾЩȨҲΪβݷͬǧҽ͵ݷС
˽ԼС̴Ķ죬żܰΪԼĶһµķǸôһ˫ĺⰡ
ֻˣСӹy޲ҾͲһˡ
ڲݷ˵ԺӴδõһ䡰ˡۣƽŮѾ߷΢Ӳһ˵׼ֱתͷԼļҡ
⣬Ͼֲỹ춾ĺݵ˾Ҳǵò˿ôģǸŮ˵һ鶼̫졣
ֻǧƽδԼۣԼŮڲݷҵ·ʱǴСһ𳤴Ů̲סˡ
С㣬ݷҵСүδҲ̫ˣŮĹĵģ˫֮л緢ΪԼϲС㱧ƽ
Сͺܺÿô˵
ȻΪ˵ǧ㲢û⣬ȻֹסŮǻŭ
Сң˵ˡǧǳ⣬ﲻǧң˵ҿǾȲ㡣
˵۾ԹεĿԼŮǧѹϸȰ衣
λү˵Ļһƽ׾ͶһԼδδޣ㲻Ҳ޺øеġ
ǡС㡭СЩĵ˵Щʲôǿü۴Цǧֹס˻ͷ
ðɣҲ˵ˡ
ǧ˿ҲǳէԲݷҲϤοԼŮΪһСľͻᴳԲòʮֵۡ
ʹݷҲʵĺӣǸŴǷ̫࣬ǧ㲻òСĶԴ
صݷΪŵӣǧԼױ̨ǰžеԼ
еİһׯģƽʱԼЩ󡣵ȷû
ǧԼͿĨšȻ̾˿
װεκһӦ򻪹ηУһ򵥵ľʷýɵʵЩۡ
ǧžκеķңԭȻʼˣ۲ת޶˼˸С
óǧҴսԼıǶţζƮǧıӣȻᡣ

ǧԼķ͵͵ᣬ޲ŭĻԼԺӾͿʼͷΡ
ּۿĲ޲ҲסԼҡҡ׹壬սεķ֣޲ŻϿʼᴭϢ
޲üͷķ·ܼӣһһʹ亹ֱҪ۵ĺǸ߰ԸʹҧǿһĴʹײĦ֨֨졣
Ĳ˹y޲ԽԽصʹվԶĵطȨڹȥ᲻ùy޲ҷŭȷ޲ȷʵͷʹ̺Сߵ޲ߡ
ˣͷ𣿡
ǣĿ޲΢΢ŤϣһҪվȥ溰Ҫҽ
ǻûתϵ޲Ѿ۾ץסֱۡ
˵µȴС
ֱ۱޲ץĺʹ̲ס֣޲ȴֲȥҽй
ֱʹǿĵ̬ɫѿ޲ңõģȥ
޲ͷѣ˵е΢΢ɣֵֻһץסּ˵㲻ȥȥУ㣡
޲ҿ˵ͷǷ߬ɿ޲Ҽ۾ͷϴʹ
첽ߵԽѸٷԸſŵ˸Ͻȥҽ˳԰Щģ޲ȥ
ֱϴʹһԼղű޲ץסֱ۵Ȼʱ䲻ĸ첲ѾԳƴС΢ĺۼ
װµĽ£첽ߵ޲߼غ
ֻȻѾԸȥ֪ͨҽһʱҽҲ޷ϵüͷ乵ð亹޲ңе΢΢˶
Ȩ˰Σǰȥִ޲ҵĶͷϣһӡ
ˣҸһɡ
޲ûͬ⵫Ҳûֹ۾Ȼһ

ҽҩʱ޲ѾİĦ»˯˹ȥ
ҽѹҽһ䣬ָָ˯ŵ޲Ȼָָͣʾҽѹ˵
ҽȻĵͷʶı䰲ࡣ
ô£ҽʡ
Ȼʵ棬˵޲ҿΪŭͷŻʹѡ
ҽִ޲ҵϣֻʱţҽɫȴ̫ˡ
ЩģֻǿҽɫҲѾⲢʲôͨͷۡ
ôҽ̽ʡ
޲Ҿͷ۴Ǵ˷Եʣǰ¸ˡҽֹǻû˵ȥŴѹ
ǳߵ޲ȴʱ˽յ˫ۣûпߵҽֻʶסߵ֡
һжʱ䣿
˫գ޲ʡ
޲ҲûĻԹȥҽ֮ǱЩˣֻʹͷûо˫ֻҽĵϢҲ޷װ˯ˡ
ҽҲû뵽޲ҾȻţ޲ҵʻͣһ˲Ȼſ졣
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21 
˭Ҳû뵽Ļش
ԭ˵һſҽ޲Ҿô
ô᣿
ЩңǶ޲ҺȻʱ޶ҲǶԼǰ·ãĵǡ
ЩӦôأy޲ȻЩǾȴǳĺܣ첻֮ǰǲָ˼ҹı˵
ôһ˲䣬޲ҵѾ˵ʱ
ȻתͷϵĹy޲ҡ
Ȼ޲ɫҰףõ׺ݣƺ˼ˣҽִ񾭵˶̲סһ
˵ֻаʱ䣿޲ؿڷӿŭ𼸺ѹƲסҧ˵Ҳֻıκ˶Ҫá
ڵһϣ·𶼱ճźȻʶy޲ҹȻôҲǲݷҵСүԸŤ粻ҲڲݷŹġ
һθоѹȸеʱ޲ǿԵɱ˵ǿ̣Ļҿ޲ҵ۾ֻôָֻоһζû̫⣬ϤѹȸٴϮҧԼ侲
ҿǿ𣿡޲ԭҽתԭƯĺҰһһܽ˰Ƥ޹ǲ븹
ʶҡͷѾ亹ʪȻ¶Цݡ
Ȼǣˡᰲ޲ж񾭣һ᳤þõػš
ƴȫҲôһֱȥġ
ΪҵҲܾ׵ȥ
޲û˵һֱϺ΢ЦܴƳʲôƵġ
ֻ˰죬ϵ΢Ц䷴¶Щɻ飺ô˴ˣ
޲ƿߣ˵ûʲôȻҽʡ
ҽҵҩڽô
ͷ˿ղ޲ҵ켫ˣֻҪ¶һѾû˵Ϣͻᷢʲôõһ
Ȼ޹ģҺסԼ
*
Ϊ޲ҲܳţҽͳԺӣֻ޲Ҳ뿪̫ãվſҽʰ
촽΢˿ڡ
ҽҩֻɫ˰ſԵƳɹ𣿡
ҽ˵ͷش𣺡ȷɫ˰ǺҪһζϡ
ûķˣΪУϾ޲ֻʣ°ʱ˵ʲôϢ
ı˰𣿡
ҽʱĻңԥƬ̿ڣͨ˰ҲԣҲұ֤᲻⡣
̲סԼָͷͨ˰ô
ҽȷֻо˼ֿԣҲпܲȫֻǼڲϹӲд
Щy޲ҾԲϲԼĿԣֻ֪ԼܹȬһֱȥϢ
ԡҵɫ˰ſ𣿡ʡ
ǡ
Ƭ̣ҽ˵ҽһ취˵õɫ˰
Ѿҩҽ̧ͷʵʲô
ҿȥʴʦ֮䱾У֪һЩڱ˰顣
˵ֻɫҲЩƯƲ
ֻŵһμ˵еĴʦֻǲҴһȴ֪˾Σֻòȥһѡ
ķ绪İ׺ӣҲûת
ҽߣ޲ܹܵʱҲˣСŻص޲ҵķſȻƽһº
Ц޲ȥ
ˣһˡ
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޲ʱ޶زˣû¾ʹ˲ݷͲݷԼݷĶС
ϾѪ飬Ϣݷ⼸ձʱ̤޲ҵԺӿԭټžԺӶ˱Щֺֻȴ޲ǵϢģʵһַ̡
ݷ˴ǧ޲ңһӾŵ˱ǶŨҩζ
޲üĿ䵭Ľкҩ֭һɬҩ֭Ӱҩٶȣ˲һҩѾˡǵҩľٶ˭Ҳ벻һλѾĲˡ
ݷ˲ԼɷͶӳȣʱ㱻벻֪£Ҳɷ۰ûгԹͷֻСʱЩĥѣֻ޲Ҳ˱ಡһҪò׻ʮ꣬ΪܿԼĺȢӣȴͻأ֪Լʱ޶Ϣò˵ĲݷǸĴ
һλϲݷ˱̲ס۽صĿﺰţҿ޲ҡ
ֻ⸱ģ޲Ǽ䲻ϲģδԼĸ˵ͷеҩ롣ľƳɵײ޴죬ŵòݷ˲һ
ĸף£ˡ޲üĿ䵭Լĸ⸱ʵڿۡ
Ժ⸱ӣû¶Ҫϳȥһٵģοڣûտɥʲô
Ϣȥ֮޲ҾͺݺݵôԼһɥûЩϻȪ·
ֻǰסˣȴû뵽ȴԼĸס
ݷʵЩԼСӵģ޲䵭Ļ˹˺Ŀ
áݷͣǿջЦ
һԵĬΪĲݷ˺ǧСһȲ裬ݷûǰһߵǧ㿴ЦЦ˵˾лл
ֻǺƽľٶˣǧĽʵܺãȻֻƮƮһллȴҲȽЩΪȻ˵Ĺࡣټǧ㱾ϲ¾Ҳǧ¶һ΢Ц
޲ҵһֱ˻΢ЦɫӲãֻһ˲飬ǧߴ赹͵޲߼վš
޲ȴͻأЦһ󣬵վ޲Աߵȴ
ߡ



22 
޲ĪľͿʼˣҲ㲻λү﾿Щʲô
վһԣ۽ǵ͵͵޲֪λүô£ȴ޲۾һֱλϰغŲˮǧ㡣
Ѱ˼޲ҸòںȻ˼ҹ˰ɣϸһȴ޲ҵɲʲô˶Ů˵ģ޶һЩ
֣ǧƺҲûʲô°ɣôһǧɱȫҵģ
޲ҴҲǾԼһֱǧƺֵֹģܿҲջߣλϵǧ㱳亹޲ת߲һǿ򶨵غһеĲˮƽһº
ǲǲʲô֪ˣǧ̲סв²⣬ϱ͸¶Щߡ
ôˣ㣿
ݷ˷ǧĲԾΪЩܣĵʵ
û¡ǧЦЦݷˣֻΪΪ޲ҹӵǵЩ顣
ŶݷЩȤǧʾ˵һЩ
ǧ˶٣˵ʱĸҲҵģ񿴵Ϊ޲ҹģͬܡ
ţ޲ҹҲһսʤħȬġ
˵ϣǧ˲۽ǲڵˮ
ݼӲҲʵ˸жһԵĺü˶¶ݿѾǧĻǱױ˸жĲݷˣ̲סۿ΢죬סǧְοùһжõġ
ֻ޲Һ޶ݣ۾תתʹûпǹy޲ҵӴĺܣЦһ˲ݷ˺ǧ֮νĶ˵̸ǧֻЩ΢۽Цһ
󣬵ƻյġ
ݷ˲̫ˣֻǿԼĶֲǧʾ
ǧ㵹ǲ޲һθûЦЦû˵ˣһֻвݷ˺˵ʱŻӦôһ䡣⵹Щ֣ΪŮαԼķԴһµӡ
ֿ˿ǧ㡣
һʱݷ˱Ҳ׼뿪ˡ
뿪λΪ˵޲ΪҪҪٳԱݷ˺ǧͳȥ
͵ſڲݷ˺ǧڸŮ˵ͬ뿪ˣĿһ˺ƺƵ뿪ת׼ԭ·ʱȴſڵһҡ
˿ýɵģ滹㲻ðѱӴսŶᵽ嵭ζζϤĺܣ뿪ǧϵζ
ʧﵱȻҪʧûԶ׷ȥ
ǧС㡣ס˶Դһ֪ǧ㣬ȵǧͣ²ӻͷҵݸ
ҡ
ǧ㿴еһ㶣žѸٵ˹лллǣ
֪ʲô
ԺҲҪģΪݷ˴ǧ͹y޲ҵ˼ǽԼ˵޲үӶˣ
ǧ֪ΪÿμƯкӶվ޲кҲ֪ڹy޲ҵ˶ٴĥ
ллҶҺҪǧ۵ϵĳȻ˵Ժʲô£ҿ԰㡣
˵ڲݷ˵ĺѸٵ뿪ˡ
ǧıӰ΢΢ü
ǧ⸱ӣҿҪĳ̶˰
*
ص޲޲űӻغһڲ裬žͿʼЦ
ˣôˣΣĲ𣿡
ܺÿ𣿡޲һ仰˵ûͷûβЩͷԡ
˵ʲôʡ
ǧܺÿ𣿡޲˵⻰ʱҧгݡ
ЩûӦǵдʹʶ˵ˡ
޲Ҳţˣؿ˺һʹȭͷס˵ҿղŵǺϲ
Ī޲ǸҧгݵģȻĲݷ˵Ļ
޲ңǲϲ
ⲻܵġʶﷴ޲һԴ׵ģȴǻһֵĿŶᵽ֡
ˡ۲ڿ޲ңֻǿ˺СĲˮ費Ҫˮ
޲ЦҲ֪ûţǲ˵ʲôˡ

ݷһλʿΪʣһͷ췢߸ŵֻλʿȴܳЦŻ֮ȥıˣֻǵվﶼòݷŮǷȶ޲ԼܹüĿ䱯˷ȥ
ֻϧλʿȴȥ˹y޲ҵԺﵱʵúܶŮеǣûʿ޲ҵĵ¡
λʿȻҲˣǻԵɺ¡
Ϊ޲Ұҩҩ޵ʱ򱻽µʯӲҺñλʿסˡ
˿ʿлҽ˵ллҽ
Ǻ췢ʿЦЦȻ˵ҽм̹Ե


23 
޲Ժ˴ǲϤģΪ󲿷˶־£涼޲öԶԶģէһּ̹Ե̬Դ˲޲ͬüĿŻ֮ȥ˵ʿ΢ЩȤ
Զ˶һͬ޲ҵԺ﹤һȥ֮˱ҲϤࡣ
òײ޲Һҩ˯˾޲ҵĴԿ޲Ҳ԰׵۽µ֮ɫ޲üۣ֮һǳʱüġ޲Ҽʹ˯Ҳȣʱʱᷢ
ⲢǺͷԼʱҪȥ޲ҵֳݷһˣվСŲߵԽ
ſڵǼ̹Եһλʿ̹Եִĵϣţŵ΢΢һȻת
Եţüǵǰռ̹Եոعţʿÿһ޲ԺﰲŵʿúܣٿҲӦֵ̹ԵֵŶԡ
̹ԵЦЦͣɸڽЩҴһ¡
˵ͷȻߣ˼ͣ˽Ųתʵ˭֪ү
ݷҵĴүֻвݷһˣվſڵļ̹ԵһλʿһʿҡҡͷǼ̹ԵȴӦ
֪ղ˵үԼԺ
˵ͷ̧žҪ뿪ȴ̹ԵڽסˣҴȥɡ
޿޲ɣɻһۼ̹ԵҲûоܾ˵ͷʾ̹ԵȻѸٵ뿪޲ҵԺӡ
һ·˲Уû˵ʲôȥݷԺӾ벢߸ӱ㵽ˣֻ·Ҫݷ˵ԺӡΪмУµĲҲЩ죬̹ԵҲˣֻھݷ˵ſʱ̹Ե̲סͷԺ￴ȥĿдżڴµĲڴʲôһֻԺֻмɨŮ
дŨʧ֮ɫ̹Եü˸ء
ηֲ˼̹ԵĲԾȵ̹ԵĲſЦһ˵ԺϲĹ𣿡
̹Եûлشֻص˵ͷȻ˵ֻһˡ
ǺǸȤֻϾļ̹Ե˽Ҳ̫̽οиҪҪȥȵ˲ݷԺӣݷͨһ
Ҫүһ档˵ߴүй޲үҩĻ˵
Ҳ֪ݷܵʮֵĿأֻԥһ˲ͬˣ˽ȥֻǼ̹Եſڣ̹ԵҲ⣬վſ۵С·˴
˲ݷķӣ˴ǰڵϽȻ󹧾˵ˣ޲үӶҪ˵
ݷԭķ羰޲Һ£ͻȻǰһ
ݷͬڵϵ֪ڲ޲ʲôм£Ҳû˵ͷ
ݷ˵ʲô£
ӹϣỺǹ޲ү¡
ݷ뵽˵Ҳ޲ˣӵؿûڣȿˣ޲ҵʲô£
ϹѸٵݷ˵ҽ顣
޲үҩѾ˴룬ֻƿôüͷʼһһݷ˵ʹҽܹѰһλҩɫ˰ҩƶô޲үоˡ
ݷ֪£Ҳ֪ϲʲôɫ˰ĴڲݷҲҪ⻨Ūֵģ޲أɫ˰ȴʼղӰݷЩ⸱̾˿ҶҪ޲ҵĲκõԸֻɫ˰ȴ
ݷ˵ҲΪһжͶ·ˣ٣Լǲϣ޲Ҿ׵ȥġ
ΪԼδǣҲ޲ȥˣҲһʧ
֪ЩЩǣҲ¶֣òݷ
ҽ˵ܹӵɫ˰ֻд˰ҵ˰Ҫɫ˰ô޲үоˡ
֣ݷ㵵ĵɴ۾Źڵ˵Ļ
ô뵽Ҫȥ
ڵүκ޲үΨһķˣΪʲôȥһԣ˵̧ͷֱŲݷ۾˵дʦΪʲôأ
ʱıʵݷ֪Զסشǰ꣬ǵһʶһ㣬ò˵Ψһİ취ˡ
ݷ˼ãȨĿų̶ҲڿҪĴۡûӦһϵȴĶ䡣
ǲݷݷᡣҲ֪ʲôʱģҲ֪˶٣ݷվǰͷǰˣĿЩ͡
ǸֵһԵķݷ˵ƽĴʦͨ磬ضֵ˽Ҳ
ݷȻ֪˵ס
Կϵһ°ɣ˵Ҫæ
Ǹףͨҵ˱˰ôͬ⽫ɫ˰أݷЩǡ
ݷĵǣϾִ򽻵뻢ıƤвʬ޴³Ͼǵ˼ʮļݷ˻ʲô׶Ҫۣȿɣǳе𣬲ǲһԡ
ݷ̬ȿʮּģԭƲĲݷҲ˱üᶨصĵ˵ͷ˵ھȥϵһ
򵥵ĽЩϣҲûѿ࣬ɿҲ¶Щϲɫ漴һεݷͲݷ
лү֧֡
ݷСӵӶ˺ͣȻ䲻жȴѸĿҲܼ죬ݷȻ˵Һ㣬޲ҵĲˣҿ㵽£ٵˣԸ𣿡
ڵϵһ㶣û뵽Լջбջſڱ̾ʹӦϾڼҪϲŭ޳޲ߵҪõĶֻ࣬ɵӲŻֻܾǾſڴӦһ˲Ȼ޲ҵʹ࣬ŭգȴ޲ҿִֵģ
Ȼԥˡ
ĬΣݷйڵϵС˳ˡ
лһԸ޲үߡ
ֻشڲݷ֮⣬Щʣȷ
ûԥȵ˵ȷ
*
߳ݷԺЩز񣬲ԼʲôڲݷҴŵЩ걾Ϊ˲ͣߣǸղŻͰǰȴˡ
̷y޲ֻ滮вòߵһֻ֣ڿȴô׵뿪ˡ
̲סԼһ䣺޴
󣬲ſڵļ̹Եܺã˵켫ˣôˣô˵Լ
ЦҡҡͷݷĿѾɣҲ˺Ϣˡ
ûʲôȻȥɡ˵


24 
Щ
ո޲Ҷҩˣ޲ҺҩյҩеĲϣܿͻҩͳȥȴڵϰ첻΢΢ʹͷ۾ſ벻֪Щʲô
Ѿǵһˣǰļ޲ұΪֻǵĳˣǴ̫޲Ҳʼɡ
üͷ޲ҿļ
ô¡޲ѯʣҪʲô
޲󣬵Ҳ㹻عƮɵ˼عǣд˲ĵ޲ҵ۾аá
ûĶһֱ˼ŵʱԼΪʲôڲݷ޲Ҳ޲ߵĺʱܾǲɾΪԺһŵĹy޲ҵ룬y޲ұ˳ĸɫӵԸ£Ҳǲֵõġ
㵽ڣŵҲǲԼΪʲôܾȴûһڵ˼ڡ
Ȼǲܸy޲˵ģ׼Ǿ仰ĵĵҪʼİ
գգ۶޲˵Ǹˣ⼸顣
¶һεģǸ⡣
ʲô£޲Ҵٸʵס
֪޲û׼ŹˣԼ޲ҵԸ˸͸СҲڻ˳ˢһˢ޲ҵĺøжҲδɡ˵⼸һֱ룬Ǵ˵ĲܹκøǶôð
£ۿӲƵĺ˼֣ʮһģ
޲ˣǧϷһ۱㿴ǼٵģֵȴҲˣXɱ˫ۣеϲˣҲǻԵɺϣֱҲȷʵˡ
޲Ӳ΢һ˲Ȼ¶һǸʲôӡ
ҵĲõģҪ롣޲⸱ӣʼỺ˵޲಻һ˸飬޲ҵĸĸֳûмȻҲδԴΪ
ֻ޲һ仹Ỻ˵ŰĻһ˲ͷһתͱһ硣
ҩûƺãҲġ
䣬޲ұֱ㴥µһƬ
ͷû޲ҿԼһ˲ĽӲ
쵰СүûзĴ㡣
ֻ޲ĺܺãֲɲ֪˽ԼΪ޲Ҿܾ˲ݷĺûᣬҪΪ޲ҸܵģֲɵֻлŲơ
޲ҺϲĲΪഥʱоůһɱҲڲסķɫ˰̡
ΪǺĵһ޲ҵһǸĬк
Ͼ⡣
*
޲˯ˣûС
ڹԵ࿴Žҹգһ»׺һһķǣҹĺ󡢲׳
˼ʱ򣬿ܹǲģ˵һЩ˼·
Ե࣬Ϊļϲ䣬̧ͷŸ߸ҹյ£ϵϵſ̲סЦȻЦЦźȻЩĪ˸С
־ĸΪģûϣΪƽƽûϡƽûĻĸܹһѾǲ׵ˡ
ûݷңﻹûּĵʱĸ׸Լֵʱ۾ǻ˸СĸһغС壬ֻΪХӱˣΪһԱĸȲ뿪ԼСĴӣ
ǵĸһֻ˵ǲǵĺХ񷣡
ûԹޣֻȻΪʲôĸһҲǸ񷣵飬ĸԴ˵Ϊû£ǡ
ĸ渵ǸĹ£һֱ֡
ûúңһ˵˵һкҪȡ
ΪһεԤԡ
Ǹ飬ֽġ
һܱ˵Ĺ£קĸ׵ӿԼ׾û˼ҵĸףҲǸȴĮ顣
뵽ĸ׻еůֻһ꣬Լ˵ȴ޴ӵ֪пǻúõĻǸҲпѾȥȻ󳾹鳾
ϣ˶ŵģȫȻΣϣԼļпܣȥԼӣԼļˡ
Ե࣬˻δڱԵ˫ȣҹշ˴ûһȵĽŲĦʱ죬ʶԴȥȴ̹Ե
Եɻĳ
̹ԵָָͷŴ¶һ΢Ц
Ҳµġ
ûĽֻǲһϵǴ˷ĲеƢζ
ѵеĺʱ
Ȼ˵һ仰
ϲĹǧСɣ


25 
ϲĹǧСɣ
ƮƮ˵һ仰Щü̹ԵûӦ
̹Եתͷûֱַܵ˷ܸУ̧ͷʱЦʱȴûʲô顣
̹Եɣ֪ԼòҲ֪ԼֵܾģϾݷһûжãûмסڲݷǧ㣬Ӧû֪ǵĹϵǣȻҲпֵЩԣ
ʱڵƽŮӵǺܿصģ˵Ůˡ
ǵġ̹Եͣһ˲㼫ķĻ
ϲĹֻһͨŮˡ
ЦЦߵļ̹Եɫӳ¹Ȼͬɫ
ûҪƭҡ˵Ȼʱͼ̹Ե߲ûˣǾŵ͡
Ҳ˵ȥģ˵ȥҲûʲôô
̹ԵֳĬ˰Σ֪ô֪ģϾȥҲݷʱΪ˼̲סݷ˵Ժһۣǳ֮Ҳû˲
ô֪ģ̹Եʡ
ܼ򵥰ʼ˵ǧСյݷûˣ˵ɺϣϵζδҲ̫˰ɡ
Ǽ̹Եȫû뵽Ķʶ̧Լţȷһɵζ
һССԲĹĵĶǶصĺܺãѰǸֲ˵ġ̹Ե֪ʲôһңװҩɽȥɵģҩݵǧԼһһ߷ƶɵġ
ֻڣڣȴ˷ǡ
ûб˼ֻٿһ̹ۡԵЦ˵ü֮ɫء
ܸͬܣż̹Ե۵׷·׵ֻûϲˣռһϯ֮صֻ֪ļˣ󲻵Լᰮһ˵ĸоǶ˵δ̫ˡ
ҹѾˣԼӦҪ˯ˣҪ磬кܶ鶼ҪȥϾy޲Сүɲź
׼뿪̹ԵֹʲôҪ˵Ƶģܲµʮ֮˾ţϾ̹Եһ۾Ϳĵס
ҶǧСûȤҲᵽ˵ĺˡ
˵⻰ʱһȤȱȱģûôһˡ
˵ת뿪ˣǻû̹ԵʹĶ䡣
ֳӺܲһ
²һ٣תż̹ԵЦЦҿɴûϹұһ
*
ڶ죬ݷһι޲ҵԺӣֻǳƲҵģյ֮ʱȴϲ
ɲէһȥݷʲôϲ¡
Ҳû˵ݷǰȷϲµģԴҹ㿪ʼȥҰֻǡˣղŻǲݷץʱͣȥ˹ڴ˰顣
Ϣ֪˰䣬ֻ˵ȥѰ˰ĵ·࣬ǼΪѰ
ݷ⵹޹ؽҪһϣܹǺõģϢ͸߸˵ˣҩ޲ǰͿĵ˵¡
޲ңǾҪҵκһζҩˡݷΪЩ߰ĻĲͿκˡ
޲ҩ΢΢һ̧ۿǰֳûгҲЩȵؿ˲ݷû뵽ϵٶ죬Ȼ߽ſ޲ҡ
ΪϢЩӦ
ʵˣ޲ԭش˰죬Ͽʼ¶Ƶϲɫδҩһأɫҩ֭нĵذŪ۲޲Ѿû˼ȥЩֽץסԼֳ䣬˫Ϊļ
ģЩ
ݷ϶ĵͷ޲Ƶһ죺⻹Ӷҿȥʣˣһ벻
޲ʶؿԼ߰һ¶һźߺ;ȵı顣
ֻҸѡ
޲صעԼҪȬϢϣƵĿϲˢԺȲʲݷʲôʱõ⼸ҾҪԵҩ
ѾܹͲʹĥܲ˵ԼܹȥʲôԸ
ͻݷңǻôõɫ˰ġ
*
ݷ뿪޲Ѿ˷ܵ޷Լ飬ȻҽѾҪйֻǰ޹ؽҪˡ
վĴ߶ԭ԰׵ɫΪʼǺ죬ȥЩˣӣߵʱ䳤ˣЩۣȻֻϵϡ
õ۾޲ʾ
˹ȥȻҪúùά޲ģߵ޲ǰڵЦ˵ȻҾ֪˵Ĳһκõġ
⻰޲ϲִֽļϣܺãΪȻӵʮֵϲ
ĺܺá޲ҵͷ˵޳ָߵһ鷢
ʲôԸ
뵽ĳ˽鱦ǸõλȻǲԵ˵Ͼ̫ӹײ
ЦЦһģ
˻ָԸ
޲ҿ۾۾һμһ͸һ۾õס
Ц޲ҲһˣֻǶǻҲԸš
ֻҪᱳ
˵ѡ޲ɿͷָһ顣
һλᣬʲôԸ
ȻĬˡ
޲ҵȵЩ͵ʱȻˡ
޲ңûЦ⡣
룬һҵļˡ


26 
ˣ
޲ૣЩɻ
ϾԸʵڹڼ򵥣Ѿ׼õһЩҪ޲ҶЩϡ
޲۾ϣܴϵı̽һ˿˿֮ɫ޲ʧˣ˰ȷĻвûлԡ
ȷʵûѣϣԼܹԼѾδļ˵ġ
ȷ𡣡
޲ҿٴһߡ
ȷ
ûԥ
ⲻʲôʵֵԸ򵥵ĺܣֻҪɵʱܹصǰĴȥͿԡ
޲ҲԸ⡣
ҧأ뵽ļ޲Ҿ;̷ĲУԵѾݷӶˣôͲԼȥһСʹļˡ
಻޲Լȴ
ģҲ뿪ʹֻж̶̼졣
Ĺڵļ޲ҾԼΪƵ˵
Ժ˵㻹ʲôҪ󣿿Ծ
е߬ˣǵĻһ˲Ĩƽǻ̧ͷ޲Ц˵ûԸˣллˡ
޲ֱΪЩģָоһ˲飬ܿʧˡ
*
޲кܴϣᲡϢܿʹ˲ݷ˵ĶΪ޲ҵĸȻϲʤԭΪ޲ҵ伣˼ٴΪϣҸȼˡ
µǧȻƴǲݷ˵ԸԼķ俴žеԼĬתƵκУǧ㻺سǸȴŵľνԼͷϡͷһ򵥵ľβע⣬Եøѷɫۣǧȴ֪ʹЩμֵȴɱȲǸ򵥵СľΡ
ӵվǧԼŮһͬŲݷy޲ȥˡ
ǧݷ˿ĵסǧ֣˵㣬޲ҲˣǾͿԳɻˣ
ԲݷǸٺòϢֱ˫ϲšǶǧ˵ȴˡ
ʹüۣǧۣδϲ˼޸ԼϲҲͰˣһƷֻۣһʹ
ԼεǧҧԼ´ǿЦ⡣
õģˡ
Լ˵
*
ĺ췢֮ʱǧ㻹ΪԼΪȵ˼˻þǽŲԽԽǸϤȴԽֱߣǧȷԼǳ˻þ
ߵŮŵĿȴǧ򶨵ְ
͵ʲô֪
ǧ˵֪˵ĮĻ
վſڵļ̹ԵܺõĿסԼ۾ֻվڲݷǧһ۱Ƶĵͷ
ˣǧС㡣
̹Ե֪ԼİԼĹϵģɤɳƣ֮ǰźһ裬סԼҪԼľٶᱩ¶Щʲô
̹ԵʹͷĿ⿴ǧͷ°ڣ°ֻǰͣ˶̶һ˲ѵĺһѸٵԶȥˡ
ɬͷҲ΢΢һᣬֻ˲£ۿбˮʹŵԴǧһص̧ͷ
ȴ֪ͬǧҲͬۿ
վſһļ̹ԵȻʹͷǹʧǵϢȴƭˡ
Եˡվ̹ԵԱߵ˵
̹ԵŻعƵģãȻ̧ͷֻϵˮȴ˳˵ϡ
üͷż̹Ե޲ҵỹ˵ͱȽСΪ޲ȡúøУǼ̹Եǿ׳˵ȴ޶ЩʧЦ
̹Եϱһ̵ʣһǱСһЩϧ
Ůһż̹ԵΣüͷ񵱳޲ΪֲֶڵĽ̹ԵϵȥˣջֺȻһĽڼ̹Եϲ˲
ʲôӡ˵Լ̹Ե⸱ģʵڿۣ±˲֪𣿡
̹ԵЦû˵ʲôһȴȽˡ
ǲ֪ʲôʱĹy޲ңҽѾҪٳ߶ǽȴ֪Ϊγӡ
ڸʲô޲ؿվһͼ̹ԵˣҧĽģ˵ҧгݵĸо
ţȴڼ̹Ե˰컹ļ
޲ΪûӦݷ˺Ÿܵνδޣ˽ڳ͸͸ȴû뵽һű㿴֮ġٯٯ
޲ᵽԼİĶʱּȵķߺ뼵ʣŭԴʹ
޲Ҳǰץĸ첲ת㳯ȥֻ¼̹Եһ˹վԺĿ˾뿪ıӰ
΢紵ǵļƬҶ𣬼̹ԵվԺȴԼĪĸί


27 
̹Եվԭؿ޲ҽǿԶȥؿ˰ίίصͷŲŲ뿪ˡ
̹Ե֪Ϊʲôy޲ôΪ޲ҷǳϲҲûʲô²ŶԣοԼϲĹҪ޵˾޲ңίĲ
̹Եżί뿪ˣ޲ץŸ첲ߵȴҪ޲ҵĲˡ
Ҳû뵽һ֢˾Ȼקôһ·ȻҲѲֱѿ޲ҵô޲Ҿֻᷢһα롣
ûԶֻǹ˸޲ҾûˣԭקֿʼɣۿĽ޲ҵֱ۷ȻԵַ࣬ıĸƽ޲ΪڼҵĶɵĴϢ
ˣղΪʲôأ
üͷһյı飬޲ҸղŵľٶʮֵĲ⣬Ȼʵˣ֪ȴװ¡
һ޹ӣȴ޲ͷԷ衣
Ϊʲô㲻֪𣡡޲ҧгݣĺܽٿЩʲôƵġ
ֻ֪˶˿ĺôһãȻԴ
޲±Цˣ⸱޹ӣҪ޲ܻ⸱޹ƭȥˡ
Ǹռ̹ʿʲô
¶һȻı飬޲
ղз罫ɳˣֻǰ
˵⻰ʱ治ɫлż̹ԵǷҺôһ飬ԺҪ㻹˾
޲ûôĽͣõɫ۾Ļɡ
ûǾΪ۾ɳɵİ
Цӯӯû˿ڣ޲ұͶɣǽŽɵɫ
̾˿ź޲ҿǸѵĻơ
Ѱ˼룬Цݽַ޲Ͽ޲õ˫Ц˲ţʾһɣ
޲ͫʶס˺彩ӲԵֱֱ࣬ͦĺһľ塣޲𽥷Ŵֱ촽۾ֻ׵ʱᴵһֻһ˲䣬ܿ뿪޲ҵ
ɣˣҸղſûжԼ̹
޲һԶûʲô¶ϻһ߳޲ҽɫ
޲һЩز񣬸ղŵķŭѾ׵⣬ֻϵ¶ղŷʲô޲Ҵûָо˵ĸѥɦҲˣղĵһëһͷԾ˵û˵Ȼճȭͷ
ˣȻط䡣
ͷЦЦӦõĴˡ
*
޲ݷ˻ڵϺǧŲ裬ֻ޲뿪ʱͿʼȣһֱѾ˶޲ȴʼղӰ
ǧҲνϾ޲ʵҲ࿴˳ֻۣ޲װܳסˡղſڼ˼̹ԵЩزʶ̧ͷǱľжŵȲƣҲ֪Ǳ˻ǧۿҲʼ΢΢ˡ
㣬˵޲ȥˣ
ݷ˷еĲ豭ǧ˵ĿһƲȴǧŲ豭۾΢΢졣
ѽôˡݷЩۣǧʣôۿˣ
ղŲݷĶ޲źҴҳ֣һű˲ݷ˵ǧۿ˵飬޲ü
ôҲǱɳ۾𣿡
ڨЦ
ݷֵĿ޲һۣбԹ˵ʲôأķɳǾñܰɣ
ݷ޷ޣʹԼĶӣθ˼ҹûʹôҲҪѹģ뵽ݷ˾Щ
޲ҿɲǧ⸱ģΪԼԭֻ˵ĶˣԼĸܹյĪ޲Ҳͷˣ޲Ϊ֡
ǵķˡǧæס˲ݷ˵ֿʼϸؽ
ֻǱѬ۾
ݷ˲̫ȷǧȷǧ㲻ڹǿǿǿ˵ʲô
޲üͷѡһǧʮǧĵطǲòݷ˵뷨ʵ֣ݷԼİ취˰һ־ϲ˵ѽ㲻ǺܻҼǵ޲Ҳϲ塣
˵갵ʾԵ޲ҵĸ첲
޲ҲŲϲ壬ҪĵϷ޺øУֻΪԭֻܿʱˡ
޲ҳ¶Ļȣ΢Ц
ݷûоڷԸ̿ȻֽſĽ޲ҷڽҵ̰˳˳㻹޲ҵ˺üۡ
޲Һǧһʼˡ
ԭݷ˻ص޲ҪǫЩֻ޲ϴӦĺӾͲһˡ
ӣǧ㿴Լ޲Ҵӳ˳ǡ
ˣĺ޾ӷȡ
վ޲̣̲ͬסס


28 
޲ʵڲϧûñ˵뷨˺ϸһֱǣԷǸĹ
ԼӾͱ޲Ҵһ䣬һԼЩŵǧʵʧ䣬˳ŶԹy޲ԭ͸ֵĺøмһȼ
¾ǧЦҲŲסˣ򶨵ĽֱߵĲˮһھͷվ˵ˡ
̫ңһԵĲݷ˶ò˼һλԼ޲Һǧһǲ̫ǿϾ޲ĴεΪֳ˶ǧĲϲ
ȥǧ㶼ҪԼǲôûˡ
һ־Ͳ֮һ˲죬ǲݷһ˵ǧ޲ֻǸ
˰Σǧڲݷ˶˵˾仰ʱ뿪λãŮͬ뿪˷䡣
*
ǧ˸ϲĽ뿪ˣǾú޲һеϢ̲סȥ޲Ժﵱʿļ̹Ե
һӣǧһԸоһģǲתԶһïܵ£̹ԵվӰԶԶĿ룬̹Ե㻺صͷ
죬ǧ벻֪µǧС֮ʱͼ̹ԵһҲĳ
ǧǶ±ƾɲˮբ޷赲ӿ˼ջµкҧ촽ǧƵסȵĸ飬ŮĲ£Ŀ̹Եȥֻǲһ˲ȴ˼̹Ե
㡣
ǸľϹȻܺÿ
*
ǧҲ֪Լص޲ҵӵĵȷԼûӦ޲ҺͲݷˣһӣǧǡ¶ƣɫڲݷ˹ĵĻо׼ȥϢ
Ųݷ˹ذĿ⣬ǧΣʹü۲ٿ
ǧͲݷ뿪ʱݷ˻޲Ҫչ˺壬컹
޲Ҳչ۰˵ĥΪʡ
޲ҽӦһԼĸ׵ıӰʧһ
*
ղݷ˺ǧڶ컹ûΪʲô飬޲ҲܸˣΪԷһݷٴγ֣޲Һҩ˼˰̧ͷԵ
ʲô𣿴ˡ
޲ҡ
ʰһ£ȥҽҩˡ޲ƽƿյЩա
޲ҿԼ˼ֻȴ˸ȫ޷Խ׳ܹᵽϵԵ㡣
Ķ΢Ⱦ˺ɫ޲ȭͷڵס
û޲ҸߣΪ޲Ҹµʱ򲻵ò˽ţɫֱΪ޲Ҵããһ
ˣˡ
ֻ˵һ޲ȴûʲôӦֱ̧ͷŷ޲ͷʹŵüкֺ˼ʲô
üһ޲˾롣
ˣһοڡ
޲Ż񣬵˵ͷǻӦһš
еչڵס°õèƣһ˿ȣ޲ҽȥˡ
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ҽЩæ޲ſ濴ʱҽﲻ֪ЩʲôվһߵĻƼ޲Һŵع˵޲ү
ҽӵŽеĶ´ӵվ޲
ҽĿﻹžȣû뵽޲ҾȻߡ
޲Ҹһ߽ӾŵŨŨҩζɬζǼƣζϤŻµ
ɫһ˲޲䵲סڱüͷ⸱ûӻȻվٵɱ˵޲ңµļ¡
˻Ӳɫǲߵһקסĸ첲
ô£޲ûעСüͷҽ
ҽεЦЦƫת¶ڱͷƵһˡ
ƣֻʱ޶࣬Ѿҩˡ
޲üͷڴһϢˣ޹ģ޲־ŭͷƺѹһʯͷص
ϸϸĹ۲ϵÿһÿһ׷˲ϵϳźɫİߵ㣬촽л˫ۻ˵һ仰Ѿ޲Һܹϸŵ
ˣ𡣡޲˵תͷҽ
ʵ˶ϻᲡʹܾĥʹȻһغ
ҽ˵ͷӦ
޲õɫۿʼԼʱգ޲ҧҧѿڶĿ
˶ϰҽ̾Ϣһڸп


29 
ȥҲף˻ܻ̫գϲ֮顣˵ҽԼĺӣ̾Ϣ˵
޲ɫԽҲú
˳ƵĴϢͣ޲ҵĶ룬̫Ѩͻͻ
𣿡ЦȻ״ӵվҽ
ҽҲҲȥ
⻰˵ĹھףҲ⣬˲Ļʳĵݷο޲ֱܲʹĥأ
ôأҽڨЦʱȥ޷ΥĹɣ˼Ҳ޷תġ
˵ҽͣ٣ԥ˵ˡ
顣
ҪıԼУΥ춨µĹأضǴ
޲ҾҽȰ޲˵ָܹͲף㻹ҪúϧŶԡ
޲ûгȻҲǲ˵ʲôģƬбһƬεĳĬС
޲ҳƽ
üЦЦһЦ˵ǲᵱɣֻڿЦ
ҽ˿ֻ޲Ϊ˴ֵΪижûе棬޲Ҷãô޲ҵĻ˵Ц档
ĳ޲ˡ

ͷۣ취޲ҲѾϼѣͻ볤ϣʲôҪ𣿣
޲վԱİͷ۽ǵ⿴һת뿪Ǹλãɫѣվ󿿵ĸɫǲ
治ɫǰ뻨Щ롣
ˡ޲ЦЦ޲ҽ滺Щ
޲̧ž׼ߣЦתҽһǱָԭɫ޲ǰֻǽŻûȥ뵽ʲôͣ˲ӣתҽ
ҽٹЩɫ˰ҪõˣҪ㾡
޲ҳ˵
õġ
ˡ
޲ҵͷ˵գ޲һ˻뿪ɬҩζͳϵζӡ


30 
ˡ
΢ĽŲнԶ޲Ҳ͵ſ˫ۡ
ԭ˯˵ģֻǲʹһǳߣűʱһϸСʼΪԼˣֱϤϤᵽϤԵ㣬޲Ҳʶ
ҹ֮ʱǱ룬˶Ȼס޲ǳƬ֪Ҫʲô
ֻǳôһ˲޲ұܵ˴ӯĴС
һ˲䣬ҡ
еЩŵ߬޲ҲסԼϵ齫ԼĵĻű¶ֻѵˮһ㵭ԹȻʧ٣һСʯƽĳ浴һȦȦһ㣬Ȼɢ
촽΢޲Ȼʧ
̲סȥʲô˼һ˲ȥһ˰ɣ޲Ҳò˼룬Ƿϲ
Ȼϲġ
޲ŵ룬۾Ŵʣ¶⼸ٳֵЦ⡣
ʼڴˡ
*
һκһˮ޲ҷŭĿŹƽ
˼ļϵĴУֻڶ⸱ʲô¶ûģҲᱻƭȥΪԼһΡ
ûǣһһεĻعУĴԽ
Ծ̧شһԼĴ꣬޲򴽣һο˺ʲô֪
޲ͶߣƽԻӣµĳ޲ЦЦ
ˣʲô𣿡
޲ɫúڳĿӣŷŭա
Ҳ֪Լ޲ҵһ񿴳ôġ
£޲ԼҲࡣ
ƽʱǻģֻ⣬Ŀ޲һЦЦ㲻˵
˹ˡ
޲˵ָоǷơ
أܲµЩֻѡ
Ǽ˫ҵʲô֪ȽϺá
Ͼδǡʱ
*
ת۱㵽˰˵ޡ
һ죬鵹ǳƽǰ㲡޲Ҳ˼ƽʱδеϧ


31 
ˣ޲һ˯ţ˸Σ˯ǶЦ
Ŵƫƫͷ״ոڵƽð˸ͷ⻹ʱʱȸС
ʱˡ
š
Լȥ޲ɫ˰ˡ
ףʲôҲû޲ӹǾʲôҲɵġ㵹еҡ
޲Ҹϵſס޲Ϊ⶯ˡ
޲һˣΪ˯ǳôСûá
޲أС˵ˣҳȥΪ׼ҩ
޲ӻΰѣ˵ҲûɣΪҪ׼ȥҩһٴα۾
Ҳû룬㣬ҩʲô
Ųӡϵ·Щңһһ˰죬ȷûʲô˲ų޲ҵԺӵ밲õĵطȥˡ
ݷͲݷڹȴˣݷϲ¶һ˿˿ɡ
ݷҲ˵ģ˵ݷͷٴҪܳݷҲǲ׵ģ˭֪ûأ
ݷƵĵͷ˵
ƽɫ˰ݷҾ㡣
ݷ治˼ʮļ治
ЦЦ˵û
ϾҲзݴҪ͸ء
׶˹
*
ȪλأǺεصҲ˿֪ǰҲ֪ʲô취ɢɢʮ˵ĶһƬտ֮ء
˽һ棬ϻ̳ϿֵؿЦӯӯİλʦɲ⡣
һƬտֻ֮һ˶ʯģܽǴݲ
Ưŵĳζ̲סüͷ
ǻȪڡỺ׼𣿡
̾˿
ʲô׼ҲǱűľȥƴһ


32 
޲ڴȴǿյһƬ
͵ſ۾峿Ļ̵ۣ޲۾ᶼƳˡ
ûЩģڴϻ˵ҩȥˣ޲Ҳ΢Щ
˴Ķ޲ңˣҪ𣿡
޲üȻӱǻһš
ʰö޲·ҲˣҲˣȴٳٲӰ
޲üͷĸҲֻøҩѣΪʲôٳٲ
̫Ѩͻͻ޲ͷЩ۵ǻֻͣȴ΢Щ
ؿڣ޲кɡ
ҩɣ޲ҽյҩɺɺ٣ᵽϤҩζ޲̧ͷȥΪĻжҩȴûʲôӡһŮ
޲ԭ˲ƽˡ
޲ǲΪϵΪʲôϲ
޲Լǲ̫ŻССӶôߣȻôҲˣ϶̲סġ
޲ŵ롣
ѡԵǰ˭ÿְͰ͵ǰˢڸע˭ˡ
ֵǣ޲˺üʱôǻֵûг֡
ˡ޲ҳ˼Լŵ
Ǻܿĵɫ
޲Ҷŵүֺ͸߰סˣۡ
걭еĲˮˡ
أ
ͱʲô¨Ƶģһӵսսˢˢع
޲ԭűӵһò
ôˡ޲ҧһһֵģɫɭֲ
˵
Ϊ׵Ӷ޲µúܣһ´žè֣޲ҶȻıŵˣСү岡ػǶء
Ӷ˹ڵϽͰ͵˵Ϊȡɫ˰˰
޲Ҳû壬ǡǣˣš
˵˵޲ûң˳־Ͱı˳ȥҲǲǴǧˤ˸ϡ졣
ǸľȷʵڣҲȷʵǸ޲ȡɫ˰ȥˣʵҲûð
Ϊ׵ʹ飬޲ʲôܻǺ
ˣû˵ѰǸȥȡɫ˰ˣ
Ӷ˵˷޲ԴۣɫҲԽԽѿ
ҲǼʶ޲ҵƢӶǿ޲ɫԽԽþ͸Ͻ޲ץסͷǺÿ
޲ЦŶ˵úûȥģ벻ͨ
ôأǼʱѣȻʧˣ
ȷʵ̫Ծһ룬Ӹƺ͹ֵֹģֻ޲ΪǶͷԻټ֪ԼҪκõϢЩֵɵ㶼Ӷˡ
޲ҿǽϣӻģ񶼱һָ
ת޲Ҳ֪Լ⻹ʲôԭ
뿪ģ޲ҧԼ侲ʵ¹ŵˡ
ڡŸʱ򣡡
һϲӶ˵ϲʱ򿴵Ժ뿪ıӰ
Ǹʱ뿪ʱ䣬޲Ƕͣ
ֿʼ޲ͿΪԻͣȴû뵽ʼ䱾Ѫζ޲ҾӲٴŻһѪ
޲ҿеѪû˻ȥˡ
*
޲Ѫŵˣ޲ȴ侲˽ˮ޲ˮϴֱ˶ȥˡ
뿴ЩˣֻԼһ˾ĴţŵҲ侲ˡ
۾ڴ뿪ǰּ޲Ц
ˡҲǻá
ΪҶҲǾְء
޲˵ģȴԼؿƵôˣҲġ
޲Լѿ죬ЩڰĶõЦٴ޲˻˯С
֮Ǻڰǹڡ
*
˵ʲô
ű˰Լʾɡ
ΪڿЦ𣿡
˰Լָͷ°ͣɫۿĺһЦ
۾ҲÿڵҺˡ
˰ɲЦġ
˰ˣǻˣôڵأ˵
˰ɲЩǻҲһ죬ѵôȤˣ˵ʲôҲŹ
˲˲ͺˣ
˰ЦЦָָԼһƬïʢ಻ĻһĻ˵Ϊ⻨ôģ
Ȼ֪ĴֵĴŻ˽֪˰ȻҲ⡣
ǰһһЦòŮԽԽǿ಻ϵı˰ܹȾ;⻨²֪˶ٲ֪ô֡
⻨ˣһȱһˡ
˰¶˸ЦԼҲȻֹͷű˰Ц
ðɡ
˰ȤƲƲ죬뿪ƮƮڵĻҡҷˣ°ͺڰοƵġ
Ҫɫ˰ʲô
˰۾ɻ󣬾ʮǰǸҪɫ˰һ㣬ҲͬĻش
Ҫһˡ
̫Ȥˣ⡣
Ǹ˺ʲôϵ˰ʣΪ˾˻ܵףɲһġ
ѪԵϵˣİˣֿͬѡ
ܿϧ޲һմϱߡ
ЦЦ
˰ܺ棬̽ˣ
ϵ޲˰룬ǡ
ֿѣǡ
Ǿǰˡ
˰սţйɵҩζ
ء
Ƥ˲ֵĿ˱˰
Ϊʲô룿˵ƮƮģҲϲΪȡҩҲǱΡ
˰ͷһĻشʾ˵
̾˿˵еĴô໹ԣƽʱеġ
ؽ޲ҵ˵˳βصһ䣺ֻɫ˰ˡ
˰棬һһ룬Ȼûϲˣûϲֲû˵Ǹϲɣ
޲ҿ񣬵˵ͷûϡ
ʵˣ粵
˰ҡͷ̾Ϣȴϲ
İϥϵʵض˶û˵
ǡ˰ḧߵĻ䣬¶ϧζ
ɫ˰һǧôһ䡣
ڼʮǰѾȡˡ
ţ̧ͷ𾪵ؿǰЦٻĴ֡
ʲô
˰ûƭ˵߲ѣ¶޹һ㡣
ȷʵûˣұ붺㣬ɫ˰ûС
Լ֣ĳķЦ
ķ˺Ȼ󻺻һǶ䣬̶̼⻨ǶѸٵĿʼţһһ޶ı˰
ɫ˰ҵγɵģ˰Ȼɫ˰Ҳͬҵġ
𣿡
ǰĻס˺֪仨Ƿɫ˰ͬĹЧܹ鶼Ǳ˰ɣôҲǲġ
ţԥĵͷ
лл˰ˡ
֣˰ԼеĻġ
ˣ߰ɣ
˰תӻ֣ǲٿˡ
ؿеķů¶𽥽֪ͣʱЧҪˣսеĻ򱳶ı˰˵һлл
Ļ˵
ЦŶԱ˰ıӰ˵
ߣȻһҾͰˡ
˰ԼĻԣûͷ
֣Ǽįġ


33 
ſ壬Ǳ˰ȴûж˿ɱ⡣
ת׼뿪ı˰ȴ
ĲҺ㡣
ʡ
ҿһ
ȻǲԸģ˵˼Ȥ
ȻǸСүûͷԣʼźÿһԴϵڿģܵ˵ʹ޲ҲЩɰ֮
ҲΪĿġ
֮⣬˼лв¹⣬зҲֽԡȻϵĴ˶جج֪£˼Ȼá
õ֮
ǿĵûеġ
*
ȡñ˰Ĺ൱˳Ⲣ˿ķģڻȪĵ·ϣеı˰ĺ⣬еı˰̾˿
ҽ˵ܹ޲Ҳֻ֢ɫ˰ǰű˰ԣɫ˰Ѿʮǰҽʦȡߣɫ˰ûгֻб˰Ļܹ
ȴ֪ı˰ǷЧ
·ûлʯ׺͸ɿͬ̿һĿľצ죬һƬ֮֮УԼЩ䣬Լ˫ֹһ
ȪͲ˽룬ǰķܹ赲Ȫ˵Ļֻһ̤ȪͻᱻûǵСֵֻ̻ڷõķҲֻҲ޷ֵԭů¶ˡ
ܵӰǿ򶨣뵽˰Ĵͷ
ͷóĬĿھֻ˲䴫ͷ㱬һǿ⣬ǿڵһСƬâʧΧҲͬʧ١
˰ı˰ָḧҡҷĻݣɫ۾Ƽ뿪ʱǵ⣬ʺĴһȣǾȤƵġ
󰡡˰˵ǣҵĶôأ
ű˰һЦ;ԵĻҡҷƼᷢԭԵı˰ת˲ʧˡ
*
ڻȪڴȴŵѾͣ仰˵ֲ̿Ϊʡ
ϾǴ˵ڤڣ˭֪ᷢʲôأǺȻӳðֻǷ˵ôֵܹ
ǲʿֲ̿ΪĲݷҲˣֻҪЩ˸ӳסʱѾʱǻȪĳȴȻûʲô⻳ѾɲĻȪ֮С
Ϊûг
ǲݷ̲סʣü֮ǡ
ǶԽ޹ӵǸΣ뵽޲һʱѾ֪ĺʹࡣ
üͷ˼ʱȪĳڳȴһӰ
ǲݷŵĻδӵг
ʹôͷΧ˲ͷĿѣһػоЩƮƮزʵΪѸٴͶͷ֪ͣǰһ΢ŷӦԼ˳ڡ
ûз֣һɫ֦Ľڲ֮䡣
̤˶ڣǶŨĸζתᵽԽǹɸζԽȴֻѹֳƣ̤أ޶˾ðġ
ԭԶԶĵطĲݷͲݷ֣һͬʱƵĿϲ֮ɫ
ǰһߵǰͷβ۲һ¶˷ɵЦ⡣
ˡЦ˵˰ûΪ⵹Щ⡣
пЦȻ˰ûΪȴҲýġ
οûȡɫ˰
ǰݷͲݷѾżٵĲ˹
Σɫ˰ȡ𣿡
ݷټ죬һ˫ϵ۽ܽ͸
еķű˰Ŀڴó˵δ
ڴеĻȡɫı˰ȵչŻꡣ
Ҽ˱˰˵ɫ˰һǧһ䣬һ伸ʮǰѾˡ
ֻС仨
Ҳ֪ǺϢǻϢݷ׻һ㽩ԭأ촽˵
һԵİѯʡ
⻨ɫ˰Чһ𣿡
±ǰҲ֪üͷĵĻ䣬εҡҡͷ
Ҳ֪
y޲ҵΣڵϦͬǴӱ˰ȡĻ䣬ݷֻԥһ˲Ŀ¶ᶨ֮ɫ
Ҳգ֮ƣ㲻ɫ˰ҲҪһԡ
ݷúвĳֲ˵ҲŴȸĳͨˡ
Ȼɫ˰ûõ֣Ҳǿֶ飬ʰ׼زݷң˫ֽӡҪ˴صʱԭϵ֦ȴȻ֪ʲô˰ķΧ
ѾʼǲܱжϵģݷקķΧֱӱֽסٶȻһݷֻüץסȴѾ֦˻Ȫ֮С
Ϊ˰ıɡ
һ紵˰Ļﴵ˵ĶУȻʧ
*
޲Ҵӻ˯ݷߵͷ
޲ң˰õˡĲϾͿκˣ
ǸϢŶԣǲݷ峺ĺͫв޷˵֮ɫ޲ҸؿʹԸٿ
ᷳı˫ۣ޲ҿʣأ
ʶĺߵǸصĴ𰸡
ݷ֪޷ģ죬Ϊ޲̡
ڻȪ
ʹദӣ޲Һſ˫ۣһ˫õûвŲݷ˵Ȼ侲ȵɫ
֪ˡ
⻰ʵڹĮòݷ˶Щȡ
޲ҡ
ڲݷҪ˵Щʲôʱ޲ѾȿڴĻ
˵ֳ
޲ҳϣ˰Ѿõֻ֣㽫κá
ȣȥɡ
ݷ޲ûκβ޲ҵѾ˵˿ڣԥһ˲뿪޲ҵķ䡣
ķȻԤϣʹ޷ĨֻʱܹĨƽʹ
*
ݷ뿪ˡ
ԭյԽԵüž
޲ڴ˫ۣȴʱЦۡ
˺Ѱʹ޲ҾҧŴ꣬˵Сƭӡ
ͻ谵ķУŵ˸±޷ĻԶϨˡ
ֳˣǵڼΡ
޲Ҳȴ޿ײһ㻷ܣ޴Ͱ
ơǸ档
ڵж䰡
Ȫḯʴ壬һĸá
ЩԵ
ѪƤǵһ׽
Ŷ䣬ȴòصıӰסůɢ˺⣬޲ҾȻʼɪɪ
̫ˣ
*
Ȫĺ䣬˼䶬ʱѩ֮ĺ䣬ֺֻҪŻɢȪĺ裬ڶ䡣
Ļãܣ֪ҲԼ˭
ǵԼʣµȫһ֪
΢ָⴥϸϸĦǰȻһŰϸɫһףĺܣסò
ˣ
ǸŮ˿ڣһһЦŷ顣
Щ죬ȴ벻
üͷǰŮԣĿļѸƫת
ʶֱŴ󵨵λŮǲ̫õġ
ǣʡ
ǵһС
˰ڽȪ֮ʱΣֱĶô᲻Ҫأ
಻ڵȴԡ
Ǳ˰Լ£ֻתɣԺǰ
˵Ǳ˰ĺҲΪ
⵹ϡ顣
Ǳ˰ѵöȤζЦЦִ˴üģãȻ˵
Ļ˵ĸס


34 
޲ҿƲסԼȥ
ȻƺҲûʲôı䣬ܹǲһġ
ġ
ӺֻصߵЩʱգոһյҩòɢҩζһձһƣ壬һɪɪˡ
ݷҲ̫ƽƽħʱʱħ°߹ŮӵĴţҲֵ˲ݷҡ
޲׼δ޵ǧԵ޹ʾڷʧ̵Ůʹ˵ԼСǱħץˣ˵б۽˻һһ㶵ġٿĴҳۼķ䣬ʹ˷ֵĻҲٵ֡
֪Ĳݷ˻ΪԼӽҪϢ˱㱻תͷǧʧٵϢ˸͸˷ڵĲ״תͷ˹ȥȵݷѹݷ˺ЩʱգҲΪ޲Ҹӵ顣
ǧ㱻ħץֻȻ޷ʧһȴʲôҲû̵ǧңǧͷΪԼĹѰһϾŮݷȡ棬ûԼŮʹʧ١
˶ûˣݷҲûǱһæĲݷόͷöλʦһڻȪ֮ǼĴˡ
û˷ӣֻĬǧΪ˲ʧһλŮǧҲݷ󲻵òǧôֲʧ
ˣ޲ҵ׼δҲˣ޲ұȴǺⷴɣԼҪǧһԼҲܲ˵ġ
ڴϣ޲ҿķ羰Ȼ뵽Լ˵Ļ
ˣҲҡ޲԰׵ĴԿƵ¶˳Ц
޳һϢĲҰȵػ䣬ǱܹȻŵȴתͷȪ
޲ұŵ鰸ϺɢҵʮŰɫֽֽëʹճʣϸ۲֪⻭ͬһ˵
ֻǿϧȻӾ¶ˣֻһ˫۾նû˿ꡣ
⻭ʧˡ
Ϊ޲ҸԼ뵽˫ӣıҲ޷
ǰ̵Ļʦ˵Ļֻȴû꣬޲ֻÿЦǻʦ˵ʵûûУôܻ˵Ļ
Ψһܹ𶯵Ѿûˡ
ʱ̫ˣ޲Һᵽĸоǰֻʱŵ̫죬ץסԼҴȥȴȫ෴˹
ַǰ飬Ϊʵ¿ֻ⼸ĥʱķʽˣչҳһɿݵĻȴλƵƮ̤̤ϡ
Ƕ仨ġ
ɿݵĻ겻ժʱˮҳʧˮֱøɿݷ壬ԭĺҲͬɺԵѪҺһ㡣
ˡ
޲ҽǶ仨ӵϼ˰졣ֻóһۡ
ˡ
ݻƵĻȻᡣ
*
޲ִ뷿⣬ůΧŲ԰׵ָ޲ҵԻָһЩѪɫڵȴȴҽƺõҩ˽
ջ֮գȴöôˣΪڴϲµ˲ˣϲҲȻζˡ
ű߽ˣ޲һͷһҽһǻӡ
һֱͷ˿ϵ飬޲Ҽô˶֮ԻӵҲûע⡣
Ҫ˵֪ССŮֻΪ

ﶼµĺۼ
뵽޲ҵͰ˰˿˿Ƶ˿߰ŵ෢˺ʹ
Ѿȥ룬ȴŹ
ҩ𣿡
Ŀҽеĺںҩϡ
ˡ
ҽܵͣŲݺӵɳƣ״̬ɲá
ųŴЦݵ¶˵ζҽ֪˰ˡ

ҽſҪ˵Щʲôȴ˸ͷ޲ֹˡ
޲Ҳǰ֡
ˡ޲Ŀҽӱ˿ٴϢ
ֻ֪ҩܲá
ڵϵĻһʹŵͷĿ¶֮ɫ
ΪѹϢҲ޷˸ֺܵĴ
ҽĬ˰ûлش޲ҵĻΪĲǴɫ˰ҲΪ˴Ʊ
ãǽԴϲãôɥǶôϧ
ҡ֪
ҽͷء
ǰЩ컹죬ȴóĬ
޲Ŀ׿̨ϵҩϣҩȥҩ
޲ҽҩڱǶţȵҩͬǣҩûʲôζѵľˮ
ҩţܽĿȴʮҩ
ʧȥһеҩ
ҩıԵյߣҩҺУ޲ұ㽫еҩһ
ʱ޲ҲûиоԼʲô仯󲻹ʱ䣬ʼоԼ巢ȣ¶ʼʵģȴʼ£һ޲Ҿ͸оԼڻϷһʹ
˺һ㣬޲ҺԼľ죬ʹĵϡΪʹҲŤ
ҽҽ޲ҧҽ׷ʲôʹҪǡ
ҽͬҲΪʲôΨһɾı˰ûã޲ҵʹࡣ
żˣ˵޲ǰ侲ѯ޲ҵĸоѾʹȴǵ޲ȥҽ˵Щʲô
޲ҾԼʹĺҪȥˣʼǲҽƭϸûܹҩ
ٴγЩ죬޾ջ
ƭӣƭ㣡ûκķ
ӹҽĴ
˵ɫ˰ôȥȪ

һֱߣ
ѵķħ룬޲˲ʧȥʶ
ģУֻǵԼ񵶵ģͻҽֵ

ܾԼʲô
ڻ֮Զĺˮ⡣
Ҫ䣬ȴǰҲ䲻ļϲ;ˮһ㱼Զȥм䶼вðࡣ
˰˵Ը±˰ΪֵֻԼͷ񲢲ǿңֻѾ˶֣Ҳûʲô˽˼ǱӦ˱˰Ҫ˵
һʹ
Լؿڣ¶һЩãȻ֮ɫ
ΪֵԼôʹѵǿ֮Ļоʹ
ôˣڻƮȥı˰ã飬չȥѯʡ
ԼҲǰ;Ĭҡҡͷ
Ҳ֪Լôˡ˰죬˵һԤС
ָо̫֣ٸܵڶΡ
˰û˵ŻһãȻߡ
£Ըҡ
˰۾Ц
ڻֻǰ壬ܲסȪ鲼ȵ֮һѰƴ˵İ
ķ˿˰Ц˵
Ժ͸ڹƴ˵úѧϰɡ


ڶ ս 
35 
һݰںãһ
Ϊٹƴ˵ĵ֣ȻҲ縺ڹæڵûʱʱæչ˽ݵΡ
ԺһŵĽݳͺںֳ°͵˵һݡ
ڹ¹꣬ɶԹϲǳĽԽܣԭʵǽⶫδ̫ࡣ
ǹȴֲּϲǳʵЩѽ⡣
ݵ鴦ã㳯Ŵ޵ȥ
޵ɳ£Ϊʮ֮һħͷ۵λӲͷƤŵĸϵֽļѻɽΪħٵĹȴӰ
˴޴˲¶ȵ顣
һΰ׺ģԸȴǶغһϺ˵ӣԼµĸٹȣħһҲǵ֮ǹ˱ϷΪĻƿߡ
˰
ħ˵ĺܣΪʱ򣬳˹ƱΪֵһˣħҪӼ֣Ϊ겻ʱ׷
ε̾ħߺԲʼ˹ƵϢ
ħƴʲôط
ħҲ֪¶һͰ͵ɫֻǰ׺ʵ־֮С
Ҳ֪⼸ǲԾƾȥ鿴֮˺ôһƢħһ߻һ˵뵽˹Ʒŭʱֲģħ̲סһ
⵹ϡ棬ƷŭȷǺֲܿģҹĦιƷŭᡣ
ʱŵǹѾһ̤ܲ޵
ƵıʵڹںˣյĳЩĻ˵ƴǽƾ˸ħ֡ΪȻ
˰иƵʱʼļڹ¿˵ǱܴĥҲΪ֮ҲлرΪ䣬ڹĹĥ֮Ҳһһǿ
ƴˣˡ׹˵
ƵͷӦһ֪ͳһֱֱĵħ°͡
ħŵöͷ亹ֱðֵҪԼ°ϵƿǿƿֲħ˲ЦſŹʵ
ôˣСлú˵ƾ
鲻ѣħһһ˵⼸˿ΪܶԲԵʣվһҲ˼֡
սʱ򣬵æҿ˿⼸ȴֺö˵ڶԲϺš
˵Щʱصſűħħ׳Լֲ¶ֺõЦ⡣
ƾҪ
̽̽
ħϡĻϵıΪˬЩڷˣµɵĺħ᲻֪ɡ
µȷҪֻ߳ңӦˣӦȴûеֻصĸҲ޹ֺЩغûͷ
ȡȻƾ˵ôأħЦС̽ŹƣһȥѰһԲϵԵɣ
ȥ𣿡ƺħЦһ
ڶȱħ˲֪𣿡
⡭
ʵڹںԼħ۾תĴΧ׼ץֳɵ׳ǳѾƲԶԶĶ˴Ӻ档
ħֻ֮ýûӦơ
һԵģ
˵껹ɷнµļԹ˵ƣһ㻹𣿡
ˣⲢħܹӱܳͷɡ߷ϣԭɫ΢ָЩ
ȥһ𣿡
Ǹ飬ȻЩԾԾԡ
ʵڵЩ꣬һֱȥƣֻδǽֹ˽ģһֱҲҲʲôʵĻᡣ
Щֻ뵽;Եı˰Щԥ
Ȼ˰ԼȪ˱˰ӳ˰һֱŽŽɵ̬ȣǱ˰ȷʵܺãȻ޷ű˰Ҫĸףɽ𾴡οҲ˵˰Ҳûʲô
ƴˡԸ⡣¶˾ģӦҲɴ䣬ֻǣȥ˰
⵹ʲô£͵ͷͬˡ
ԡ
*
;Եı˰಻ڴ˵龭˰ʱͻԼǰļ䣬ʵҲȷʵˣվ˰鲻ÿԼǰҪһޣһֱǺ棬Ǳ˰˵ȴûʲôô
˰꣬Ҫ֮ʱֻпհס
ǹĺܡ
Դüͷ˼Լ߱˰Լȥʱ򣬱˰Ѿյߡ
ˡ
޵ŮƮڿкЦ˵
ڹƴ﹤ô
Щشһжܺá
ֻǡ˰һȥ
˰ϢЦ㽩ǣ뵽ʲôƵɿֻص˻֮У䵭
ЩţǱƭȻŵģ˭֪ȥ᲻ʲô߻ָ䣿
˰úܣɱ˰ֻˣ˱˰żĺ۰
Ļ˵һƬĸĳ
ȥʲô
˰أϵĸߵľϣñصĺͷȴӯĺܡ
Ȼһһʮ˵˳ҲЩ˽ȥѰһЩԼļ䣬ȻС˼˰ûǲҪ֪ȽϺá
˰ҧҧ´Ȼ֪뷨Լֹûʲôõģ뵽ǰ߱˰ȵ˾ɹֻҲѾһԭԥ뷨ҲͼᶨЩ
Ȼˣȥɡ
˰ԴЦ˵
Ȼڵ꣬ȴѾ̶ΪʱʮģڵС˵ʵϻǸδСӡ
*
ȵڶʱ֮ǰ˰ʲôһ㽫ԼЩɵĲ۵ħжȡıһԵΪļܹԦʦǲ١ЩǱصĹȫˡ
˰ûô
˫ֻվһ߿ű˰ͳĶ
ûӣȻǲ֪˰ȭȭ֮ġ
ȴһҲûܣ˰Щתͷͻ˻ʧ
ε̾˿ǹƽע˻
ֵݸһ澵ӣƳ˵ʲôһʱ澵ϵҡ
ͷպãŹƵ
Ҫ飬ܹ
ϾǱ塣
ŹģЦЦӦ֪ˣƴˡ
˶¹µĺܣʼҲˣദʼ˽Ҳ࣬ȻƱȷʵǸ֪ĶSҪ˵ȴǻ̵ĺܡ
ؾһЦŸ˱ͨĻȪȥ
ֻһΣҪˡ
ͷҲصʵñ˰ЩӻдܳҲҪܳȥǻûͱקס졣
ڵ
ǰԸŮȴ治ɫûŮֻܹ֮ܲ֡
˰QAQ
˰ӦһڹƵˡ


36 
վعĳСӵĽֵϣ̧ԼͷϵĶ·ܵĿ
ǸȽϷСӣֵߵ岼С̯ЦĴߺȡ
⵹ϾԴӦ֮Һձش׷Ⱥ۸ݽԭΪձֳһСҡλߵ˴󲨼ȴƶλͶ˵İգ⿴ЩһƼ˫Ŀɿ֮һ
Ӧ֮ҺΪսʱµİ֡Ϊܵشũҵ˿ڻָϢʮսʶļȻССʱУܱ֮ǰҪϺܶࡣ
ҿӵİͦҲƵǰҵ龰
һ·ϿưܵСׯҪĶࡣ
ӵҲǸĹߡ
վĵ·ԵС̷Ķ廨ţ󲿷ֶһЩճʹõƷһЩǼŮԿʹõӡһණ֮⻹һЩǼ򵥵ʳ֮ࡣ
վĳŵĵС̯ǰפãЩԥ
С̯ϰŸ廨ŵģŵҲɫζȫڵˣδ˼ʳȻΪֵԲʳʵҲνģΪΪʱļ䣬էһЩڵдδĵģﵹ޶Щˮ
վС̯ǰʱ̫һǰô᲻עĿοż򵥵ϲ仹һѡΪһҹС˳ڽ档
λˣԵĶ𣿡
С̯̯ǸüĿϲϡĺӺͰ߲˪ЦģȻоЩϤҲȻøС
ָо̫֣ڵδָܹоЩĵ˾ʹӦһ
ǴǰԻῴҲתͷߵġ
ƽǡ^ЩССǺóأ
ϲºܸߣΪվǰʼһ
һ
ϲһбƤϻбһ˪ԥƬ̣ϲڴ»ҧһڡ
ɫıƤҧ΢ɬĹУ΢΢׽µҲƷеζ΢˱üۣȥͦϲ
ϲЦĸǿģʣҪҪһأ
˵ͷһЩɡ
Ҳ֪ôϲֽһС˴ϡ
ЩãȻ̧ͷСӣһʱ֪Լȥ˰컹ǾҸСõס⣬ȻֲǷܹ࣬һЩֶֺΪأ
ѰһСùݣ˽ȥСƽ˶ĺܣõ⵹Ҳõϰڽ̨Ӻˡ
ߵ̨ǰԼͷϵĶժ£һϷ
곤ʣʶ̧ͷǰĿˣµи˼־ޡ
ͳɫڳΪ֮󣬸Ϊ˼ֳûе
õĺõġ
곤Ӧ⸱òʶΪļҹүܳˣϾһ˼ҿòȡ
Χ˿漫ˣഩСķ˵˵ЦЦôûЩ˼ֲӦٴνԼĶҴϻرЩ˵ߣȻŵ곤Ĳȥ¥Լķ䡣
ΪԼ˼ҲΪίɵĵſõϰÿӴ˶֪Щʲôǡ
һ̤뷿ŵ˿ƯŵĵζŲԭЩ⡣
ǹ߻Թɫĵ곤Щֵ飬ָָڰƵðŰ̵С¯˵
ûʲôķףȴ˯֮ʱһЩٻ㡣
Ĺ˵ԵȻûٻǸİ֮ҪǽĻұ㽫¯óȥ
Ȼǲģ˵Ʈŵĵٻ㵽Щɡ
ҡҡͷ˵ˡ
곤ЦһЦ׼뿪ת֮ǰͱסˡ
곤סѯʣ֪ӻʲôطǲԵ޹ʧٵ飿
⵹Ǹ˼⡣
곤վԭ˼˰곤ʲôƵġ
ûУ￪õ꣬˵١
˵ǼһӵЩԵ޹ʧأ˵곤¶Щź뵣ǵɫ̾һ˵
Ҳ֪ô£ǶẢӣǸĸжİ
ͷһ˵ֶĹ£Բü곤еĶڵʶ䶼ǲһģǲ˼ų⣬ŵоҵҵĸλΪ鱻жҲʵ޹
곤˵һЩӵÿͿڸصĹ£˽˸ţŲ˾õ곤뿪ˡ
ϲǸС̯ϣһԼĴ죬ɥʧϤ飬Ѿǧٻһ
ĺСԭֵĽֵϵС̷Ѿʼһ̯׼ؼңȵ䣬ֱߵһѾůĵƹ⡣˰죬£ڴ˼ԼҵԲϺŵԭ
ϸ˼ʱȴ⴫֮վŲߵš
һʿʿõ﷢žƷ衣
ݡʲôζ㣡
ҡҿǸˣĶߣ
ʿǺһ˵һָʹŵ곤
곤һͷ۵ģǵĿˣȻҲøϳȥοʿ˸˭֪Ʒ᲻ˣɲֵǮ
곤ϴһŽʿȰ˷䣬˵˵ʿס곤ź¯˳
վű߾Ŀŵ곤Щ£ԷƷʿ
üͷ곤Ц˵ˣǴŵ𡣡
⵹ڣŵ곤ƣҡҡͷ˵ûС
ȥϢɡ
˵꣬ϣڱ˼ҳԵԴͷ
*
ɫտžĽֵֻʱʱзɹȸݶԼëȻ󿴿ҿʲô
¹ҫŵĵȻ¶һӰӣ·ѸٵƶݶϵȸǸܵʲôΣƵģųѸٷݶ
ǺӰһǰǻҪȥȴʲôһѸٵ˳뿪ʲô̼һ㣬ǺӰشӵð¶һߴ׳˶Ӱ
һ˫۾ںڰѪ⣬˵ȴ׵ƤſһֽŵָҲһģ
õĵ곤ڴˣһһֲģķ֮ȿ˵ĳ˵Ķ
ģ
ݺݵĳһĭͳªΪŭʼŤ
ôôٻ¯
ǴطܶĹһ·ϼꤣΪܹһȴû뵽⾹ȻҼһٻ¯
ܹɹɷɻҵչ⣬ٻֹ˵Ƕľ綾
ǹűϸſеζȻΪӰ˵صףȥѰԼҹʳˡ
Ѿ̫ƽܾˣȴ֪Σıƽ
*
΢Юһ㼸ŵȳζ˳ŴƮѾ˯Ƕˡ
Ϊͱֻ࣬ȳζܿͱ¯еٻڸǣ˯еüȻƽ˯
ȻҲﴫѪʾ׽졣


37 

̶ļʣʱСƽݴˡ
ѣ͵ۣǶᵽ˿ƯŵٻивɺӵŨѪζ
ŨѪζУŵһǳȳ
ӴѸٵ·ܵԽ
żţһŮʿ̱ڵڵĳͫ׷ŴΪֶŤ˫ֳŵذ岻ͣˣ˵ǽǣǽָųķ˵
Ϊһбѵ˲֪ж٣δҴҵܳš
Ůָŵڵ龰ǳ˴˷ļУмΪھ㤶Ż
·Ⱥߵȴ򿪵ǰеľ۵ס
˵ڵĻô䷿еľɾǵ
ĴɽѪΪӴ˿ɺɫѪأһҰ˺ҧ壬Ϊµľֶɢ۾İѾʳ¶ɭɭ׹ǡ
ڵİ貢ûжôң򿪵ĴƮ΢罫ŨѪζ͵ıǶˡ
üͷڵסڱǣѪζϾоһѪصüڲŨѪζвݺӵȳ
ˡ
鲻ˬľƹ˵ϵѪߵǸȥʿ߶ӿ
ɫƽĺܣԵ˺СһЦΧ۵˾һֵؿ˵ʱõ˲ɺɺ٣ȿڳҲŵ̱ڵ˵
ֽȥʿǰ˫ɢ˫ۿ˰Ȼֽ˫ۺϡ
Ҳ˵ʿǰΣϾ´
Ϣɡ
˵գվſȥſڵ˲Լͬĸƿһ·Ȼͷʼ˽
Χʿεجһʬ塣
ô찡
곤ڵϺޣȥ޷ǾʿùǶôôԼǶôĵù
ҲǣԼ꿪ĺúõĪ˸ˣ˵Ҳˣҵ״ֻԺ˵µÿųҵꡣϾ˭Ҳ޶˵ڷʬ޴档
ֻʹްʲôأ
·󲻹̶һʱеһСõһ˵Ϣ糤˳һɱСƽʱҲж˵СùſڶĶӵѸٵǲӶʿùݷգƽ˰ֵĸõͱΧµˮйͨ
ӵ򳤺ܿѶվһ̫ʿվõſڱ㰲Ҿδˡ
ҲҪ£һὫ²ġ
򳤽д飬Ǹʮ곤һʵģĶغˣȺ򳤵ԸߵʿȥʬǿʬĽ룬򳤶˵ʲô
Ƕ˵ȴʲô
˵ı״ҵʿ
ˣҿʬȫʿһҰ˺ҧģⵥƾȫ޷ģ
ŻôҲûӵʬ壬ϻʱʱµɫϾӼʮûɱ˰඼޻Ǻͯز飬ÿնƽĺܡ
򳤲ĻҲԣʬҰⷢ˵Ұ˺ҧҲ⣬طӵùݣҰ޳û׼ȷʿķأ
Ҳûˣ򳤴һǳɫõҽʿǱҰҧġ⻰ԷڣϾҶɵӣԭסõĿҲ׷ҹȥ곤ҪǮû˻еõסȥ
֣϶֣
Ⱥ˴ţս䲻ǰƽʱħ𣬵Ҫ˵еģʿ״ôٰʮĿ
һ˳ʮٸһӦ֮´˶׷Ҫ򳤸ϽȥѰҸǿŮ
Ҳڻ򳤳Ƭ̱ӦˣæԸԼµ˳ȥѰŮűõĿǰǸ
̬ϿҵĺܣοҲʲô£󲿷˶ʾ½⣬ֻôķҪ򳤸ǰסҲǺƢֻ΢˼Ƭ̱ͷͬˣһЩɢİŵп෿УʣһЩôֱӴԼͥԺס˿ŵӡ
۲̬Ȼ򳤰˷ס򳤵ļС
򳤼ҵŮش˷õӣûдʲôһС
˼Ž쿴Ǹʿʬ壬ŵϵĲ֫ϱۻԼᵽȳζ˳˼
ϵ˻ɵ֮ԱǣϾ֣ȻֻǰǱϾҲǱ˰ĺᣬǸеġ
˼ڸŨѪζµȳʲôֻúЩϤ
ԷתƬʶζʲôǻȪصϲŻɢȳζ֮궼عظôᶺɱ˳أ
⿪һͭ
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ӣþ棬žӵľˮһ㵴ĺۼۼ֮Уڵظ칫ĹƵʼ֡
ƴˡ
ЦžеĹŻﾡѸٵ˵꣬ԭΪΪİЧʡ
عеһСһʿ޹ʿϣŵеȳζ
⵹ΣӶĹüͷ˼ʼŴħ
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ܿ͸ֳʿ䣬дʿڶʮһебɱȴǰϡ
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ܺãҵҪ˭ڸ
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ֻˣ·ϵҲ࣬ԭֵҲЩ
ӵ·ϣǵԼʿᵽζƾǹζ׷٣ϧһҹȥζѾ䵭࣬ʧ١
ϾȮûõıӣֻ·Ĵһ׼ԭ·ء
ǳ˵ӻҪȥģֱ½½ĳһЩС̯ӣһЩɵĵǸϲҲͬڡ
Ųͣ٣ԥƬ̱ȥͣϲС̯ǰ
öͭҵݵϲǰ˵ٸһЩ
жôζϲܾЩů
һƺҲûʲôˡ
ϲϵɫòҲô׵ģЦһ˳^
԰ɣóԵĺأϲߴ٣Ҳƾܡ
^УŴĿڸ¶һЦ⡣
ȥɣӿɲȫϲϲĽȰ
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ΪСʵ
һ̤Ժţ򳤹
̧ͷȥһź׵ŮŮׯʥˣһۿȥɽȼ磬ǻȴȻʵơ
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38 
Ǹ򳤳Ϊ۹Ůµ٣һɫķһͷںļʽֻͣü֮ǴһĨ֮ȥǳͼ㣬ͺɽĽ۹ȥʵȴ͵ĺܡ
ŮӺϸл֮ȥİ¹⣬һ߲ȴĶģ
Ž۹ȴûӦеļ¶һ۹ƼλźŮŮƲȥ֮ǣ۹ĴȴʮŨ
֮һϱͺϾ֪УȾֶ˺гìܵĹһϵЩãȻ
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ǰŮǻ˻ˡͬʱʹ򳤽̸Ľ۹ܵ˿е̧ͷȥȴƼ˿
˾һ㶣Ŀ⽻Ӷ˵ľ裬ǽ۹ԭѾߵĹϣǷ֮⡣
ûв֮Ĺգ¸߰ĺ˽۹
¾ҴĽ۹Ů
ȻʹõĻΪŲ̸Ҳڣ򳤶øкܸߣ˽ܽ۹Ҳ⡣
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հŮˡ
Цŵģǽ۹ƵóпûʲôЦ⡣
ֵǣ۹俴ǰǰȴ޷Ѫʲôοļ޵ǰҲô򵥡
Ҫ˵µС򿴵ĳʦŮӦҪǷװ׵ģ㲻϶ҲҪƣǽ۹ȴԥƬ̣ûе˵
ΪûıӦеĶȻףȻҲŹˡ
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ٻ¯İɫڵĿлƯǳǰ˵񾭣ý򳤼ҵΪ֮¶㱵ʵ˯֮С
վߵ߽΢΢һ϶ɫʱʱ໥ӳģȸųɶ졣
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˳ļʸһֻֽٶļʸ׾ٵģת˲֮䣬ħ֮Ѿʧȥɢġ
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㲻ûңҲǳ˵֡
ˣ۹ҲΪһ仰ţżԶľ룬۹ʣӵĿʲô
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Ƭ̣𸴣һҳ֡
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һΪ˭ԭֻǸŮ
ǶЦݣֿ¶˼ĻѪݣЦų۹ղŵһ⡣
𼸸֮ǰҳԵһˡ
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˵۹ɱȥҳѪǲǺǸŮһζɣ
۹üͷƺԼһûܽɱеֱеĻ۹ԭ侲ɫȻһ䣬ٴνеĹ۳ʸ׼ɱĹ
ûõģɱң
Цżٿ۹ֻżצ۹ץȥ۹ƫתѸٵĶ˹ȥšüǹ
㲻۹䣬ʲô
ң
ǶЦŻش𣺡ǹ
ǹ˵仰㷢ѪԼٴαһӰ˵濪ʼ۹۹𹭼һϵӰ˺üֻʸڽӴϵӰ֮ʱȴû˿ӦһƽӰȴ÷۹۹ҧתʼɱûпٶȡ
ûõģ
ӵð˳۹ץȥǾƽ۹֮ʱ۹˳ת𹭼ٴνһħ֮˹Ĳ
λãĲʼ̵ð̣ץסħ֮ק˳ħ֮еĲϵ˿ԴԴðѪҺǹѾϾ˼
ɶ񣡣ȻңҪ㣡
ˤڵϼѾĽ۹ȥڽ۹ò׼㿪֮ʱļȴϢһӰ
ܵǧصѹһ㣬ԭɱĹ˲ѹڵأҳһӡ
һִٹƴ˵ǰ참
ӰӯĴӹ˵ϣִ̫ϣŻزĹ΢Ц˵ң˭ģģ

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ǹһҧз𣬾Ŀǰꡣ
ȻһӣǽƾŸղϢͷĶҲ㹻ʮֵľ֮ģǸղŵĽ۹ûиĸо
ʵΪڵְʱ˵еѹεѹڱĹ˵УͺèһǺµıܡ
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һˡЦЦ⣬ʵңǵ㡣
սһԲѾˣ൶ϵֽ̫׼ǰĹ˵ȻˣͲҪЩֶˡ
ڵ꣬ѧʹԼһǾ¸ڹ¶ĿȾĵѶֶΡ
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Ӱ
۹ŸղΪ͹ļ˿ԼڵάϵƮǽ۹ЩŹ𽥱Ӱ󺰡
򳤵ݶʱѾй̣Ȼ˹ҪľٶӰٶȺܿ죬ȴĳ̫ӳն˹壬Ӱָֹ˹ж
ȻΪιȴûһǱҪǷƶӰȴĵв塢жá
ǸղŽ۹ħ֮Ҳ޷ģΪԵĵбͺ͹˵Եʰɡ
һŤӰ¶ǹڵȴֵķԼ޷룬ԼնϵҲ޷ٶ
˭
ֵĴ󺰣㲻ǹɱӵĽʿ㵽˭
Ȼǲ֪ɱʲôģľûз˿죬ƯڿյһĨĻꡣ

ս챻ѵʵ˯Ų鿴ȴײ˱ڵϻĹʶķУԭžҹСѣһյһյĵƹ⣬ѵÿͷ׷ܳŲ鿴Ȼ˵ϵĶ
Ѿնϣǹȴû
Χ־ۣͷǿĶɫƽ̧ԼľĽŲȶ˹ĸ첲ֻһֻСһġ
ʹ޵ĻָǸ۵ĵطǻ۵ġ
صĽ¹ɢĵ⣬ⶼȲԼ첲һʹ
ſڷҽеȴѸٵֽ°ͺ£ȻҽҲ޷ˡ
ԭЦüҲĮŵϵĹڴҲ
¹ϣ;µԽ¶ԵĹԣѪһŹ⡣
ֻڹȴȹy޲Ҹ־塣
Ž¹ǲŻһ΢Ц
ڣԸ˵˵ǵһ𣿡
Ƿصͷ޲ýԼ֪һ¶ֻϣܸһʹ졣
Ͳһ㽫Լ֪йڹ¶ȻҲᵽ˹̫ٻ㣬ӾǾδĶһۣвͣĸлȸһҪٻĹأȻȻҲ뵽ȥΪûеȼٻ¯
ϥڵŹ³ĻָۣϥĴŽ࣬ԼɵѪģģ˿ûн⡣
ʱѾβ̫Լ˵Ϊɻʧ
Ļŵӵվ
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ˣ֣ڼе֡
ҽС
ǰЦݵ㱼񿴵˼еĹ
ҽСپ
Ѥõչð˵ƽߣڰƣůپĹϣڵֹ𽥿ʼΪɻҡ
Ǹ𽥱Ϊɻҵ˵ұ⸱ģǸС
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ǸѾʧˣ˵ȴԭء
֪ΪʲôǸȥĹ˵ֺŸϤ
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оǰ;ŹĺʱȻܵʹһǲӦõġ꣬ĸҲûᵽôֺȻأ
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ءǰ˵Ľ۹˵Ȿҵְ𡣡
ǽ۹ûˣʵϲ۹ǱӦߵģǽ۹ܹеˣȴ
ϵĵ뵶ʣǰļʹһǱȴ侲Ů
ǣҡ
㱾ߣôģ


39 
Ϊɵִٱ͸öԼְ𣬷ֶȻҪԭϸġ
ƺһ̸ĺʱΧĿ׷䵽վŵͽ۹ϽΧǸл
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Ҫѯʽ۹鱻ϣƺϰ߱˰ΧĸоµĲ΢ƽԼŲЦȴųζ
ܵĻرܣ׷תͷʼߵŮ۹ΧȥˣͬʱĿҲ䵽ǰΧĽ۹ϡ
λŮʹѾ˱ٱıԵȴ˿ûлŵɫİΧлҲ΢ЦһĽ͡
۹ԼЩڵסĸлһӦ
ҵĹ͡۹ʹü۶ϸĽͣλ˽ġ
赭дԼΪŮȴûнƷ᲻ᱻǿ⣬⵹ǰĽ۹˼͡
ɺɺ٣˵֮²֪ɱ˵ĹѾ⵹򳤱˶ЩĿ࿴ϾһʼΪֻļ͵ܳĹСӣһҪãϾҪǳʲôһСС򳤿ܲ
ˡ
¾۹Ůллǰӳ˶
鼤һ֮ȴûΪС峣Ĳ֪νİվڱͽ۹ǰлҲûжΣܰԼľҲмԵɵġ
ѾɢѪҲ̫ҫʧˡ
ͺδֹһʧĳףû˿ĺۼ
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˵ĶͲôϣҪĨȥġ
뵽ԭƽ޲۾£֮ʱֱΪ峺͸ĺ

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ǾҪһЩ鱦лͽ۹İæȴ˾ܾˡ
ĿǰŹĽΪοͶԽĽ۹
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۹˵ĵطȥָ˽۹ĵط£ȻǴ֮˳ָӿ˿ڣֻ˲۹ԭ˿ڱѾϣͺЩ˺۴δֹһ㡣
۹һԭǿŵҲ͸ĺӵĿǰǺЦͷл
ллˡ
۹ɱʱ˵ĵĴɣڸղһٶԭĻѾɢˡϾ˵еӵֻ֮꣬ϲܳ֡
ο۹Ըȴ֪ͼ֮ˣղ֮㹻һ¶Ҫռĳ̶ˡ
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ˣΪԼѾǸǸ˵һУ޲ҷԼˡ
۹˶÷˶£˫۾ȻԺķ·֡
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Ƕ˵¿Աᣬ޲ǴġΪ»*1
ЩͺһнٸѣŲݺӵٴδԺһС
죬ڵ߸ҵʹࡣ
̫ϤˣϤļ޲һ㱻صǰ
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ǰƺӾ࣬ԭ͸ȴѪһʺ졣
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޲ҷŭ˵ţ԰׵ΪŭѾŭϯ޲ҴӵվĿȵ
ߵڷһԣ޲ҳһὫչĶֽϵҲʼ֡

ֻǣϵû˿ûꡣ
ǰЩûĻգѾһƷ
Ҳá
ٵܱûкá

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ЩԸǿƽ۹͹ظˡ
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ٸҼɡ
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Цü۷·⣬ÿĽ
ܺóԡ


40 
뿪ӵʱҲĵģûоκˣӵʱһ
ʲôҲûֻаյʱϲµһм^Ȼƫؿڸ֮ЩԵҲûʲôãܹǺóԵġ
ĵʳܺóԣĪĶЩ
ţԼʧȥǶʱļԼĸоų⡣
¹ڿտҰأϡǹ˸¹ֵĲݵϵӲݶʵ΢⣬ҹķᴵɢԺķ˿С·ϣȻͣ˽ŲͷؿŹյ
ڵľɫûаҹ̧ͷνҲɵĻƣȻѾ꣬Ȼû취˵ĺܡ
Ȼǵ˽һҲͲǵˡ
ѵһ˼䣬ȻҪúܵġ
ͷ˼Ƭ̣һһڸɿݵ֦ϣŴ׳֦ɣ۾ʼϢ
Ҳ֪˶ãҲпֻǼͷϾʱ˵ǲֵһᣬͱڻڵı˰˯ʱܾΪλġ
ֻϴȻϤϤʲô
СǸСͨͨΪԼصĺܺãϸһһ
ۣеӳǹ⡣
Ҫҡ
û¿ֻǿҹ˵һ䡣
ӼܳССͱѾѧᡰҳߡļ̹ԵһվŵĴ²߬ԼӣͷСؿ
ϵ˳ĺܺÿԵһŹĸĹ̫Ĺ£̧ͷ˰ȻԼֵСߵĶΡ
ٴλĸΪ϶ʱӣů֣ų谮Ρ
ȻԵһĸΪʲôеΣҪ˵ӦΪĸô鷳ԼеǸŶԡ
ңԼҸȻײֳĸס
͹ˡ
Ȼǻһį
ԵһΪԼصĺܺãϵûпȴǷССԵһЩ֣ΪļԼҪӦǲ˷ֵġ
ЩߣȻŲЬĽѾһ𣬹Թɵվ¿ϵûг
Ϊ˵ԼԵһҲ͹ԹԵĲ
ô꣬һֱĳġ
ϵȻԵһϤϤССֵĺܣȻ˵˲Ҫ͹ԹԵĺ۾ǿϵӰΡ
ۣٴʱ۾ָֻһʺɫƫͷԶԵһҪŻ
֣ҳ𣿡
Ϊ棬ͫ¶˳ѹͣΪľܹӺܴС
Щʧ£뵽СӱſȻƨߵĻ沢ûг֡
ҲǣҹڿտҰصСпʲôˡ
ǸС㶵ؿ۾˰죬ƯСûӦе洿ɣɫյģûľż
֣ǸСֵ
Եһ˵֣ĸ׵ǺֲܿĶǲĺܳ󻹻ˣ֦ϵֲһ
ңԵһûŵѪζҪ˵ʲôζǵζ
Եһҡҡͷ˵㿴񡣡
ϣԵһ£˫ͬһཻͫüͷ
֪ΪΣԵһЩ졣
ںܾ֮ǰѾƵġ
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οҹһСӣʵֵĺܡ
ǵãӦǺԼĺӵġ
ôһʡ
ԵһҲɣҲǸˣ˵ĸȥˣ͵ԺҲȥԺ͵ܳˡ
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ҲЩ¹µһˣЩڵӡ
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ܾãԼƺиԵһһɰĵܵܵġ
һԾ£źɫ˰ĺɫͷڷлƮ¹İΧûӸߴԾµı׾ԵһǰӯľһƬë
µľײĸŰԴû˿־ԵһԴȻµϻһЦݡ
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ʣҽ
ҽСԵһ¹µӦŵƵġ
̹Եһ
Һϲ㡣
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Ҫһ𣿡
Եһͷݵĵ֣ԥԼССִġ
ů֮ǰĸ׵˫һ㡣
ԵһС߬ص˵ͷ
õġ˵
ЦԵһĸ첲ڻůĻԵһ±ůԵһٴηɵϡ
ϣԵһ§ظһЩķ羡赲⣬Եһ򴦵Դ˵˯ɡ
ԵһѾһˣƣĻѵоʡ
˵ͷĸº˫ۡ
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ԲԶȻûжģǻǸСǷǳҪʳġ
ԵһˣûҲûжܾûгԹˣӱģһһĽУֱͷм䣬۾
СͱҪµԵһûʲôҪ˾ڶӶˣҲǱ͹ԹԵĿ
ȻԵһССĶӷļУԵһÿɰԵһĶ
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ԵһԼΪʲôҪֻ֪ȴȡ
Ϊ㻹û˯ѡ
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ҲǽµСÿһСƤĺܣһƤľͺѵˣοԵһɵġ
֪ԵһΪʲôγԸҲ⣬ԸѾĺӣ
ԵһԴԼĿڴó^ŵԵһǰ
԰ɡ
ԵһһؿС
ԵһûгԹ
ССֻķ䣬ÿճĸ׻͵͵һЩĺճ͵ķʳûгԹĶ
ĶǺϡġ
ó𡣡
ԼҲһ鳢ţζĺܡ
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һӺô
֪ԼţӲѡԵһǲѵġ
ԵһС·Եһһһ̵ĳϸʵӿǴӹС
ֻȻǲһֱҰεģοһС
ǾԵһҸţܿ죬Եһ͵һӡ
ĴԺȻڴſڵЩߴŵԵһȴܿ˾迪ʼд
ϲദܣԵһҲǿ
ĵܵܰɣ
ĸŮʣֹɵվһԵԵһ¶Ц⡣
ûôԵĺӣϡĺܡ
Եһĺ췢¶һЦ
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һգ鷳ˡ
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ڵԵһĬá
Ȼڣһı顣
ԵһԺи硣
ԵһããȻؿȻ˵һ䡣
硣


41 
Ůı쿴Щ¾ɣȥĴеǲ˰޻ģ⵹ǲĵͷ
ֻǻû˵ЩʲôһԵԵһѾԼӵվСܵԼ۵СֿʼԼ˴졣
ΪֹŹڣȴԼ̴ССͺѾʲôʳ͵ĺӻӦڸĸĻ
ŶԵһȻסӡ
ԵһİԴƺסΪ
硭磿
ԵһµĽЩӦΪԼڼеֳ
飬ɡ
ԵһЩҵĺ췢ȻЩңȥȴģָв
ЩãȻԵһ̲ס¶Ц⡣
粻Ӧչ˵ܵ𣿡
˵¸Եһ֣ʼԼԵһһĴ죬ԵһһԣֱֱͦģıӰ
ָоԵһ˵ڼ̹ʱԵһֳ̹ʤûиָоůģҸһ㡣
ſţԵһСԼķղĴк񻹲ͷϣͷССϺȻһСƬΣȥɰĺܡ
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̺úдǵĸ˾Ͷ˼򵥵ķʳӲԣΨһܹдõʳС׷ֵָܲĿ㡣
ȻʳªȻܹод棬ҪʳԵһС壬лڸ뿪㽫ԼһݷʳŵԵһǰ
ҲҪԷ赭д˵԰ɡ
ԵһֻԼĳûٶˣǳԱˣǾԼԵһһһڵؽԼķȥֱԵһ꣬·ԵһԲСӲĽʢĶһԡ
˯ʱԵһҲܹԣ˶ڱַڱ۾һֱ컨壬û˯һ˼ǰǸΪپĹ
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ֻǡ
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˼ʱǱһֱ컨Եһ̲סˣ䣬Сèһѯʡ
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Եһ𣿡
һ䣬ԵһͷСĻůͣڻĺܡ
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ţһֳֻͷһֱֻԵһĿ⴩Եһͷ䵽˴ߣϷһССŵĶ
ʲôҪĶɣš
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оõս˫ٴϸ̽һζ
²ӲͣһվĸȻԶ¿һŰ׷һѷĴ󵶺һ״ɱ
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һ˲϶ǲ֪Ϊʲôﻹ״ֽвսΧһɫĵķʦɫŮ˻дֵֹ·ȶ¶˰صŮ
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ͬʯżĺǸŮޱ
ڼʸȥһͷˣħ֮Ȼͽ۹Щ΢ƣȻ۹ǿ󣬵ǹɴľ̫֮ˡ
üͷܹǸŮòһȻҲͷǸиޱŮͽ۹ò
Ȼ֪ΪʲôǸ׷սҪԶĴӣȸΪ޴춯˾ŷˣػһһ𶯡
ͷȥ˴ѾкܶΪ޴춯ѷ׷ܳ
ȻôǰҲĵģոµĵܵԵһһ˯֮С
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Ǳ˰̸ĹֶΣѪ֮
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ǺģֻΪܹʹĳ̶ȱڵı˰ҪС࣬ȻȲñ˰Ӵܹ;ĻǶ˵һССȻǴ´ġ
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ҺȮҹ涯죬ޱԭأˣֻ¸ޱҪڻɥˡ
ҺͷѣûпʲôڻʧΪĳպ
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ȮҹȴܲˬԼҪٶȿҪԵˣֻǻû˵ͱɺ͸ޱǿѹ졣
Ϊʲôֲɽ֮УΪȮҹˣʵϲɺϰˡ
վֻȻ˰ֵѪⶼᷴˣɲʲôԵġŸޱͽ۹ƵӣΪޱͽ۹ʲôԵϵһֲǾ֮Ͱˡ
ֽǶ룬ƺҲû
ϿȻĿ䵽һҵսϣѪѾɴ˰ҲʧˣʧĻȴһŹ⣬߲ı䵽ǷŹƬԣϵǿƬ
ιǵĻ֮Ƭ
һܻĴƬ֮ڳǸ׷ŭ
Ļ֮񣿡
Ƭе֡
ȻƬϢǺԸǱǵζϲе
ƬûȤеƬӻǸ

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ҪĶ𣿡
üĿ䵭ؿŶһսԲҪĴ𣿡
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Ҫ𣿡
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֪ȮҹĿɿڴġ
ߵſڣһССӰվץ·ɫƽ
Եһ
뿪ûԵһѾˣԵһҲֻЩãȻûһСӻеĻңֳ̹ʤ͸СӴϸŴߵ˴ӵſڡ
ûлɱĻҺѹԵһֻסĺһ䣺硣
뿪ļҺҵΨһġˡ
֪ΪЩۣԼԵһǲЩ֣ǶӿԵһյ۾˵ǸԺ󲻻һˡ
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޲ҾΣʲôɺϻת֮˵ӼᶨǸһģһ˵׼ǲݷҵı
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˵꣬޲ұתȥɫĺͷںɫСʧ
ҹϵһ£ҧҧݶԶȥ
ڣҪԼĶ
Ҫ⡣


42 
סʱȮҹһ˻Щ޴룬Եһиչһ
ǾЩΣȿˡ
ǳСӣЩˣŵǰʵڱǸ
ΪһĸҵǿɹƭķʦյƤ൱ģһſȥҪսǰҲ˿û졣

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ŸޱԽԽøޱͽ۹ʵ̽ζøޱЩ֡ΪﲢûжԸޱҲǺܽ⣬ֻǹڳõһ߻Ϊޱ¡ȮҹЩըë
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ڴûж׼Եһ·ˣڳ֮ǰŴ޸֮ĴԺϿԵһЩٻаտȥʬĲкĴȻæĴӦˣԵһ뿪ʱܵ˴ͱ
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43 
Ժվʮˣ˽תͷ󿴣Ǹ䲻󻹴һСӵûȤתͷ
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һᣬ༸˹ȥԼͬΪڿտĽֵĴ߶Ƕ˵ζûʧŵ޵ζǾ˵û뿪
ǿռ䣬ɲ˲ơ
һһߣ۾ţȻţҲǲѰķ
ǹɵȳʼЩŨڿռеĹѾԵСӣпʼ޲ҵ֡
[ˣǸˣǸµ˺͹ɱӵĽʿͬУ]
޲ҸӦ˹ĺŹߣڱ۾𽥽ӽӿһ
Ǹף޲ҾҲ޷
۾ֻ촽Ļȣ޲ޱȵϤ
ϧǣûзֱڵסĿǵϤİ̺ۡ
ںȣ˹ӵĳס
С޲ЦʼǿƵģЦԽԽ󣬴ŷŤ밮⣬ڵһ𾪵޲ҡ
㣡޲ҴЦţš
ꡪڻصˡ
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һһţռλԽԽֵصɴ˫۲ͣԺкţˣ
Ҫɱң
Ϊõy޲ҵİҲǧy޲ôܰأ
ڵ޲ҺЦһ¶Ļȴǹ׹ߡ
˲ͺˣ
ʲô
ûӦѾƽźâĽдǧصݺݵĳĿռԭ԰Լ̵ĿռĹƾѪ֪˶ٴιɱӵ׷ɱȴԼռѵ졣
ƽĿռڲһƣƲ󣬾Ӳһˡ
͹һռڵĺӾǰڹĽűߡ
ڱЩ飬üͷתתͶעڹϣǳ¶΢Ц
ңЩԵĺӣʬǶ
벻ҪץߵСȴֱɴߵһҵ˺üǽȻһɵ˹ߣݺݵش͸˹ؿڽڵϡ
ǻ˵𣿡䣬ԶѸٵĽԵĺӱŵؿš
ԼĿռ䱻֮ѾױˣԼԵĺӵʬǴŵɽȫгֻʹ졣
ܺáĵͷ뵽ղ˵Ĺy޲ҵ¡
˵y޲ң
ûм˵дʲôһֱ۲޲ռ˹ʶ

ڵϵĹ֣õͳࡣ
һĪϤ
Ѿ֪ǵڼˣȴʲôǵá
ǣy޲ң
޲ҵ֣ñ
ң
y޲ЦţŹ۾͸˫Ѫۿһˡ
ڣȵˣ
Ǹ֪òĹʼ棬Թ˼˳ԳЦ


45 
֪ΪΣо޲һƵС
ŵֲ˲һ˫űڵϵĹ
ϤϤϤΪʲôʲôǵá
ɿŵ֣ס˹°ͣ͸۾һ˵޲ҡ
y޲ҡƮƮģһ˫޲ˮһ޲ҵֺڶ˵
ʶ𣿡
ԶĳС޲ɫŤһ˲ָֻܿƽ
תͷһԵȥ
ȻҲǲ޲Ҵһģѵÿ޲Ծģ̽һǺܿϧǣ޲ҲȻҲһְ䡣
ûΥ޲ҵشվתȥڽźϵһǣ޲ҿеŵһ
*
ڣڵϵĹʶѾ޲ȡĮ˵ʶ޲ֻзߺޡ
ģѵֻһ˳ڻ಻ԣֻҪתͿǹȥǰ
಻ƽҲӦЩʹŶԡ
͸۾޲̰Ľڵģ£۵ףҪĵеؼס߹ңòԾĪ˼ַꡣ
Ӧʶ𣿡Ź°͵սٴظʵ
ǰ޲Ц˵һǵһģ
Դ˵һ죬Ժƺʲô棬Ǻܿģ塣
ʶ޲ƭ־޲ƭʲôأ
νˣy޲˵ֽy޲͵
֪ν
ЦĨƽһĵӣϵôء
ֱӣ¹ϣֽµĽа𣬹ѪҺӿһЩϡ
ֻӶ׾ٵؽͷ
Ĺͷ­µµڵϹȻ󻺻ͣűߡ
ĵǹɱӽʿеֵ޷ɱӽʿһֻҪ¹ͷ­ͻԼɢҲЩһ֣ȻȻͻʧ
޲ҵ߻ͣϣʹ֪Լͷ­Ҳ÷ŭ䵭üۣ޲Ц
һҵģ
仰вƲ࣬󣬵㹻ͲԶĹ
á¶Цݣͦӭ޲ҵġ
ҵҡ
ʱ򣬾ظʱ̡
Ȼ仰û˵ģϾѹy޲˿ɾͲˡ
ңԶĵƽϣ̵̫ðһͷʷףõĹɢ䣬΢Ĺⱻڸǣֻµļʧ
˹ͷϣ̳һڿлɢˡ
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첲ҧĳʦҿμʱżһֻǴӴ֮Ҳ޷ˡҲãܱҪúܶࡣ
СճƵתѣԭϱ°ʱܵľڼԼˮĸʱŷйԼĸױڻ￪ʼ
ܹ飬ҵԼĺӻֵø˵һ¡
վһԼĵűĸױڻﺿ޲ѵкüͷ΢΢̲סǸкͻڳеԵһһԱȣŹȻԼĵܵΪɿɰ
İϾͱͳʦսˣֻճŸҴԼķгȻĺӲһ
󡭡ˡͬʧ˺ӵķ򸾳Χ£ƣʹɫ
ǵĺӡ𣿡
Ȼ֪ϣ󣬵ǿűʧõĺӣҲ̲סĴϣ
ǵĺӻڹŵĵطأ
峿˷·ڷ⡣ĲԳֺĮ
ǸûиϣǽԼ֪˵˳
ѾȲˡ
֪ϣ󣬵һ֪ϢЩĸ˵һʹ࣬ʧӵĸڵסԼֹԼɷ§ڻﰲο
ʹȻ޷ʧϧڵʱ䣬ܴҸ
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˿ԷΧǵȦӣŵǵĳȥɫԵһõ˯ϢԵһѾˣʰ̡
ֻǻûͱס˽Ų
ֻһĸ˫ͨʦ
ԥųѯʣԭǾ飬ϾκһרҵĹɱӽʿһ׾ٵĽɱе𾪡
ıݵڱﲻס˳
Ǹ㶣ʵĶʲôЦһ崺Цݣôֵֹֹĸо
Ǹұƭġ
ȻĵͷӦһƬ̲ŷӦ˹
ʲô¶һŵģƭң
ЦһӿԼĲȥ
صʱԵһѾԼ·ڷźˡ
Ȼⶫ£ȴСԵһĺӣҪɰᶯзĴɲס
Եһ˯Ļ𣿡Ų˷䣬ԵһϿһƾɵСѡ
áԵһ߬ѣ˵
ɱ𣿡
ͷԵһбĺܺõСϡ
Եһ˿ֿ˿Լϵĵӣ¶ɵЦ˵
ǡ֮ǰҵֳҵĵӡ
ֳ˵ֻҪҴӣͻֱҡ
ʱԵһܵԼֳ̹ʤᣬֲڵСӱĺܺãʱʱóܹԼֳüۡ
ֻǵӻûд죬Եһȴҹɫ뿪˼̹ҡ
ƽԵһԭ䵭üԵһʱűЩᡣ
ԵһҲԼǿ
ΪʲôҪֳأҲԱֳ
ԵһƶǶЩãؿȻص˵ͷ
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ҵĶɱϢ˳ȥԭĻ̵̻Ǻõһ㣬ԭ»
ֻʧȥӵĸĸȻڱʹУǵʬǻҪҵõġ
ǰܾʹ࣬ʬǰ֮ء
ʧȥӵĸĸɽѰӵʬǣҵ˶֮ǰĵط
Ķкһ߾Сİ׹ǣҲ֪ǲǶҫʬϻڷʧٺӵ
Ȼʬǵ˲ɽо˴˷Ŀ޺ٸĸǻ徿һʬԼʧĺӡ
վɽԿЩĸմԼѪﱧڻ޺֪Ϊ̾˿Ȼ޷ЩĸıͬܣΨһģֻЩܹᡣ
ȻҲߣɽк޵ĸĸĿ¶̣Ȼߵü۵߽˼
𣿡侳˵ⶼǶµ񡣡
ǹɱӵΣЩ÷Ĩ
᰺ԴߵĹ価
ԡ¾һ롣
ɱӣһɱɡ


46 
˵仰ʱ򣬹ʵǺġ
˵ɱרɱĴڣΪְҵһֱ˺Ϊ֪ɱ֮±ͳգ䲻֪жԹڶ£ɱӽʿȴ»죬͹ɱӵйɱһֱǴƵġ
էһܹ׾ٵؽˣȻ£֮ģϣܹɱһͬ
ֻǹڴȴԥľܾˡ
ǸҶǵ֯ûȤ
߿侵˸ס
ڹ侵֮ڣǲ⻹Щʧģһ뵽ڶǸɴ֣侲
¾ѵͲЩܶвİ𣿡侶֮飬Դǿ
˵ûʲôã˵Ǽ縺ҪҳԭΣҪ˵Ļ˲Ͻ˲ǡ
ûν˵θУһжġ
οڵҵԴͷѾҳֻҪȵy޲ҵ٣նɱôȻҲҪˡ
ֻǡ
һһy޲ҵһԻ
ܾãԼƺʶy޲ҵģy޲ҿеǾ䡪һǵһģĪ⡣
Ѳɣy޲ʶǰƺŵõϢ˵ĶֵʱҲ⼸ꡣ
Ӽӿ죬ﻹű¡᫵ɽ·֮Уǽȴƽء
Ĺ侻δȻǸоõЩΣ¸ǽɣ侱ϾҲǾ˹ɱѵһʿþȫҲǿܸĲ
¾㲻ɱӣѵӵһֵ𣿡
ȻҲǵֻ֪ɱĽʿȻ֮֮ԣôȻ֮һ;Ϊˡ
ȻǲᱻĽջ󣬹䱸ŵΪֵն¹ͷ­ҲûãΪһֵĻᣬѺõĹϵҲ
侵Ļͣ˽Ų׿Ĺ価
ʲôֵǵһ˵мȤ
ͣ˽ŲʼΪרſԿƹֵ
ѵЩĶϾɱףҪһֱȴſɢ»Щ鷳
˹侣Ƭ̵˵ͷͬˣԹ˵ãҿԺȥһ˹ɱӡ
˵꣬תѸٵɽȥǻûͣ˲ӿĹ価
¾ܷһæ¶Цº͡
ʲô
Ҽ¼һ£ԵĺӺǸĸְɡǵĻޡ
Ҫأˡ
䲻֪Щʲôãֻһ˲ͷͬˡ
õġ
ǾͰˡ

ǻָƽΪնɱĳ꣬ǳȻҪسŵϡڰڷŵĶûȤԵĿ˿ȻԵһļʾԵһϲĿȥá
ԵһҲֻһСӣֻǴԵĿ۾Ͳˡ
ͬĹüͷ˳飬Щͨ˷Ĳ˿ģԼûнǳ
¾ҰŪȥӺǸĸ֡
侴óһֽֽĵõݸд֡
ӹֽ侵л
ؿڴľ΢΢̣һѰ˸ͷţȻһεĵطؿڵľȡ˳
ƴˡųھйƵ˵
ͷԸеŮǧٻأȻϤޱȵġ
˰ڹԣ׾ٵĽߵĹƼߣ˰ЦеؿָϲԼһƺڷ
ѩף촽ƻ۲תһɷȻ֮⡣
˰žеı˰ͨһʵ崺ģ˼ʵ
þòڵô
˰ȻôԴ֮¾ûʲôõˣΪµһԱ˰Ȼ˱ѹեĶ֮һ
Һñ˰ŮŮԣҲ˱ѹեѪ
Ҳá˰¶һίɫϣܿصȻֱֻ˰£Ǳ˰ȴоüһ
ʲôʱ
ûйˣͻȻʵЩԲ
ˡ˵ҪҵĹy޲ңŴٹþҪˣ˵˵Ҳû
˰˵ЩʲôǺܿͱƴˡ
ҵԴͷ𣿡ƿ˱˰žࡣ
˵ͷ˵ҵˣҺܿͻҵڴҵĹ֮ʼ桪y޲ҡҽնɱ󣬴߾ͻȼˡ
ܺáüЩ滺䶸ȻӵĹҲ¶Ц
˵ҵҪҪڡ
ΪĲᣬy޲ֻڵӲùġ
Թƴ˳ͷ˵ֶָƵʱҲΪδıĹy޲ұ˰亹
⼸յ˵һ£ڰ淭ĹơŰЩźӵʬɽк޵ĸĸͣƬ̽˵ƴˣܷЩȥĺӵ꣬ٴתԼǰĸأ
Ҫ˵ѣҲڣֻǲЩѵģҲǲΪ֮
ֻǺĺܡ
̧ͷؿʼĿжȡϾ޹ɥʧԼŮĸĸЩ
һԡƳش𣬡ֻ²ҹܣҿԺ͵ز˵һ£ɡ
Ҳá˿
͹˵˼仰Ϊ˲ע⣬ͱ˰֮ͽ·ؿڣٴλصԼӡ
ǵһ졣գҪ̣ȥһ˹便еĲݷˡ

׼뿪ʱûнǳıߣֻ˼Ź侴Եһɫ뿪ˡ
ںy޲ҹϵȴ֪뿪Ϣ˶ĻҲᣬڵԵһѾ˲ݷҼʮĹɱӵݷա
ȻǸ׵ĺӣڸȥȴҪѧż縺ӴһΡݷ۵ȴδ̿
վӣңңվԵĲݷգ紵֦ͷĻ꣬۷ɫĻڿתȻƵƮ䵽ϡ
㱼񿴵ĳˣҲƵģֻü֮ᣬͷҲֱͬһķ˿
ǣԵһ΢˶ЩãȻܹоƺз˿ָĴС
ݷɫҲܲ԰ףһ˫ȴͬһҫѤĹ󣬾ҲˣɽкһȪ
ǣܹٿؿռ֮Ķնɱ´𣿡


47 
Ȼףȴᡣ
ŲݷյĻ˵ܼӲɱӣֻҪǲ֮ˣôǹɱӷΪϱĴڡ
ؿ㡣
ΪݷҵĿˣڲݷҴŵҲʵסҲǲѡ
ȻԲݷձûʲôֵȴԶϲøСƺںܾ֮ǰѾƵġ
䣬ôпܾǰʧȥʱˡ
ٴζԼʧȥǶμƵ̽˼
£ΪѵԱ䳡ǴŶӷһһѵĶԱ￴ǲһһʽڣδЩ򵥵ĿЦ
üۣа̾
вݷΪֵĶ飬תͷߡ
תͷ˿ߵԵһЩԵһһֱ߳˺ܶ࣬Ӵ˴ܣԭЩСҲЩ⡣һжȻĲˡ
ԵһߣССûʲô飬۾䳡ϵĵ⽣ӰǺ档
ΪЩȤϾкЩȤȻġ
ԵһҲһ𣿡ѯʡ
ԵһֻǿųΪʿģԴڼ̹ҺһʿսԼ׾ٵʤͲҪΪʿĻˡ
ΪŹ˵ĸоܡ
뷨ϡ棬ҲЩ㶡Ͼ˴Ǻ飬οնⶼȻ顣
Եһ˵ġ
һֺԵһȻ޷⣬ݵĻȴ֪ССڲصᡣ
һԵһʱСкΪһҵˣȻůὫˡڷԼˣȻһĺ췢ȴ̫һᡣ
Ϊʿ˺ˡԵһ˵ôԵһΪʲôԳΪ˵ʿء
ůչк£Եһϡ
ԭƽ˫΢΢ƣͺʯ˺浴
ƺҲΧԵһա
ָԵһڶϵֻΣü滺ǵԵһ߹ԶŵĸΪմĶΡ
Եһ񵱳ĸƴȫҲҪػһҲĸһػˡ
ȵʱĽͲ˵ػĶˡ
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ȻѾõ֣ôȻҲ뿪ʱֻǾ뿪ԵЩ顣
Ȼ˶ԲݷҲûʲôøУǲݷȴǲͬġ
Եһ䳡һľͽһȺܹרҵѵĽʿ仨ˮòȥ˲ݷսǰĸ
֪ɱסģݷղûйһһСڹ̸Ҳг
֪¾Ƿ֪y޲ˣʼǲݷҵһԱ
棬ݷ˵Ǹȴòѧ᳤һ׵Ĵˡ
ȷʵûŲ豭΢΢ͣ٣̧Ųݷա
γԣ
ǲݷվʼy޲ݷҵĶԹԹΪݷ滺Ҳ˵մѪȵʷٽʲô˵Ĺ¡
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ҩĹy޲Ҳ֪ΪʧǣԼҽɱˣͬŮҲһɥ¡
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鷢һǹy޲ұ˺úɱҲͰˣǱȥƫƧнνĹy޲ôܹģ
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ؽҧݴ촽ȴΪԭѸٵϣֻ´ǵһѪա
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ʵɫ£ڻڵ𽥱壬ů޲ҵİŲһӰֻ¶һֻԵĮ񶾡
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ڶһ˱ľſڣǸȴûһ졣˻Ϊճû𴲣ֱţﵹӰڵ׵ʬ壬ܾƵķС

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ݷռ˵Źy޲ҺͲݷһĶԹֱ⵽ĩβһ仰ЩĶеЩζ
ݲݷһ˵Ϊ޲ȡҩӶˣֽ
˵Ҳɣλ˺¾ֻЩء
˵ݷվʲôΪȤЦһ㣬Ц
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ѻſ๷Ȼ󻺻䵽һԵĲݷյļ֮ϣԼҵëѻſ£ͷʼĺС
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ԭκһδָƽȴת֪֮ǰǵĳɱ
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޲ҽŶ֮˵ġҪҵ㡱仰ʶΪ޲ҪҵɱֻݷĹǾ仰ɲһҪˡ
ѻ˵ǳ֮Զ׼صģy޲Զ׼ѾǳѰôȻҪԸ
ҶһḺġ
վĿ⸴ӵؿδĲݷա
ôллҪˡ
˵գ뿪ӣ䳡ȥԵһڵĲݷջ˱һڲˮƵ˵һټ

ǾڵĲݷԾһЩ룬뿪ʱΪ˷ֹ׷ٹ侺صؽĨȥˣǲ޲ңԻѸ뿪y޲Ҳġ
ĿľΪ˹y޲ң֪y޲ҵϢֻ˷ܣֻ޲ѯԼĹϵǾúܶණĪϤĺܣûԴͷ鶼·һһʶã͹y޲ҵܽһʡ
䳡֮ʱԵһͱԼĶȻֻͨľԶһһСĶԱȻ㹻಻ĵġ
ǳϵǣԵһȻףǽȴ˿ڶ֣׾ٵؽֵľȻ󽫶ֻڵء
һĻѾ֪䳡ٻˣһʼΪֻСӹҼҵĽʿڵһͱԵһ̧ͷǸѣԼСӷϰ
Ҳø
Ǹ
ԵһԼľŵ۾תȦĶ˵ȻС̨׳˹ȥ
磡
ԵһЦӭɰЦݳ嵭еķֱ꣬˳Եһ¶ɵɫ
컹𣿡Եһһͷҵĺ췢Ϊ˶ԵʣԵһ΢ͷҲðϸ΢ܿԵһԴڶİɫ
ҲЦŽԵһͷϵϸȥˣϰչ˱ˣǻûչ˹СԵһǵһΣҶĹɣûչ
áԵһͷǶΪ˺ˮľٶЩߣͺ˵øˡ
ֻǰΪԵһҪȥ͹y޲ˣԵһܹЩĵģ˭֪Եһ᲻ᱻȻء
ԵһڵͷԵһ΢¶Ǹɫſ˵ԵһΪҪնɱҪ뿪գڹɱӵһô
ԵһǲԸģǴСѧĶڸ㲻ܾܾ
죬ȻǺ˵ģֻȴʧ䡣
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춾ĺܣֻƽʱô˵ѣһ˵ֻб̵ķݡ
ȻⷬɱеһƢѰͲסҪȴݷֹˡ
ȷˡ
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ݷ˵ûy޲ҺͲݷһŲɷָѪԵϵһ޵Ƶüۺܺõ˹y޲ұ˵Ѫͳ
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Ŀһĵȡ׵ĵҹɫ΢΢ҫ¹һԣǶ͵һΪ¶ֵ
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նĳڵ̱̻ɢǸȴ޲ҳ޵ٶȣϵĳٴγ˳ȥһ㽫ΧüͷͣػӶеֵ޿һһԡ
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48 
޲ܼĹϮǾֵʱ䳬Ԥϣ޲ֽŽһֻ첲޳Ϯ
Ѫɫĳϱ鲼ŰɫĹǴ̣һСľܽ˵Ѫ
ʹ಻Ĺ֮УҲֻüͷ΢΢Щ֣ⲻܹӦ
޲Ƿ·ûѪɫ겻ѣӶеĵһնޣʹһԾзӶϮĳޣȻеĵֱֱĳ޲Ǳ߷ȥ
Ϊڿпƶķ罫ﴵ죬ͷڷзӿˣĵƿһ󾢷硣
ĽдƲɵƳ޲ҵԴϮ޲ҵɱⲻǿܣ⽣һ޲ҵĲӣһὫ޲ҵĲݺݿ¡
޲Ҹܵڵ֮ϵɱϮʱµĮ飬ͷĻȷǵûб䵭Ϩ𣬷Խˡ
ǵЦݲƵ󣬿̰֮ɫ뽫䵭Ҫ˫峺͸ĺԶ뽫תΪ
ǴӦ
Ӧõ飬ȻҪ
޲ұ֮ӵĶ̬׾ٵؿ͸ϮĹ켣ܵѪ޵תٴγϮ赲ȴƽ
޲ǵЦݲƵ󣬳ƽҲͬ޲ڲסЦݣ¶ʱ˼ǡֻǹȻĹͷȻɲѾˣҧҧƳ޲ҳ˹ȥ
ٶȺܿ죬޲ȴ죬ڼĽⴥ޲ҵĲ֮ǰ޲һƫתͷл޲ҲƤѪ˳˿ڻ˳ֻΪǿȴֺܿ콫Ƶ˿ڻָ޲ҵƤܿͻָ֮ǰ˵״̬
ͷѾɲס޲Ѫɫĳ޳ô˻᳹װסֽŽڰһŶá
ȴǳԽԽϵĹǴ̵̽ѪֹѪһһε˳ų޵ϣȴǱⳤȻȻգǳȴ΢΢ˡ
ΪסûʹӶеĵݺݵؿǰǴЦ޲ңȻǹġ
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תҲһģһİ̺ۡ
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޲ұһʵûزûвµС룬ǲܻôõģ˵꣬ʮҲ㹻һ绪ïΪһ׷Ƥߡ
ǳ˹ʲô
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ֱǿӲĽƵĳһе֧壬ԶԶĿŻŻز޲ң촽һԡ
޲ˣļ֡
˼Ҫ޲صʱǱߵ޲ȴȻЦ

޲ְڰǵЦݣɺ۾עȴ
ΪֵĲĺ⣬ַ·𱻶߶ϲ˸е֮ͬһ˦ѵĶ񺮡
ԭ֡
ҲѲ²⣬֪ɥȪֻΪ˸ʬ޴³ǻȪͬҲħֱ鲼֮أ־ͣƺҲûʲôֵġ
ħƻȴһ㣬ˣҲɹ˸ǿӵиǿǡ
Ϊʲôҡ޲ôң
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޲ֱ֪Ҫٴθ񵲣ȴ֮Уޱ˲նϣתлӶ⣬޲ҵֱնϡ
ӿѪҺϣһѪ۽ǣֱڱնϵһ˲ͷ˳ȥڵϹµµһߡ
۽ǵǵѪӳžĺն޲ҵһֱֻ۶˵Ҳûʲô˵ġ
еĹԽӿ·ϲĺһɱ޲ҹ
ڵʱ;ģ;ﲻ֪û˶ĻڶеǺʺ޲ҡ
Ӽ޲ҵǿһҪ͵;һȦĳ嶯ˡ
Ĺ޲ҵֱ۱նϵʹŭȻһ߳ܣԼȻ׵ıܣ˸ӷֿ
޲ȴ𾪵طԼϵֱȴ޷ԭ˿ڵĻָ
޲ҲپЩޣתԼֻΪ̵赲ĹӳʮǴ̵ĳĳ
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ۼһĲӿ޲Ǻ֡

޲ҧ죬ƫͷ֣һֱͲʱź
е۾᲻ôڴؿ޲ҵĹƣϣ޲նڴ˵أʧ޲ȴٳûȥ
֪ΪΣƺ޲ҵÿһιһ˿ɡ
޲Һ֣ܵڴ޲ҵϸҧüָ׻ԼƤѪŻû˳ŷƮȥǶˡ
һŵζеĹŹ֣ϢѾѪ˵Ķʼٶȣ޲ҿɳ֮˴ϢĻᡣ
޲ҶѸٵ뿪ڵĵطԾߡ
ԭ޷ϵ˿Ҳʼ𽥵ػָ޲Ŀ׺ݵȴ֪ڵֻɱаޣֻܺ취
ߣ
޲ץԼѵ·
˶Ѹ٣ֻƬ̵ĹѾʧԭء
ûȥ޲ҡ
վԭؿ޲ʧɭеıӰƽĿʱ΢΢𲨶
еֵϻմ޲ҵѪҺ˳ŵһһεµ䡣
ˡ
䲻ֹ֪ŹֵĸоΪʲôնɱ޲ϣȷԥû
ᴥԼ촽ŭ
߳ܺպַ֣һҪɱ޲ңһȴЩɡ
Ķ
ŭȻӦýնɱ


49 
ֱܴ衣
Ⱥһߵ޲ҽ̫֮ǰҵס˳ա
ڻ谵޹ڣ޲ϵɫŷŭ߳ܡ
Ȳûȴû
ûҲá
תƷܹȲԭװ
ֻΪʲôǵ
޲ҿǽǣչ͸˵¶һ΢бС顣
ҹɫбգ΢ĺ촽¶Ļ
Ϊǵðɡ
ǵã
޲Цô᲻ǵã
ôܹǵã
ֻôЩֻһ˳޾˼ʹ࣬޲Ҿͺ޲ýƤ̳븹
ֻͷһζͺܿʧˡ
ܹ黹᲻õġ
޲һؿŵϵĵߡ
Щˡ
ʱ廹Ȼճ߲޴󰭣ҽǽòҪ߶
ģҲûʲôȤζΨһֻ
ÿů͸ʱǻִЩңɼòʵĹ
ůֻҪ̶̼ӾͿָ΢ָһЩ¶ȡǻǲǵ⻹㹻ů˫ֻ֣Ҫָһ룬ǵůͻѸ˥˶ȥ
޲ʧ룬ôůأ

Ӷ˵Ҫ߬סůİסָȻ˱ůڵ֮С
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һůôСֻͣһС˲ȥ¶ԴԴϷ·ûоͷ
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˵
ůеָ΢΢һϱ㴥ǴůĶӡ
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ָֻͷȻվû֡
Ϊүưֻܰװʲôģúʩһ˵ֻһɡ
ʵüˣůĺܣһǰⲻ֪˶ٱ
⻰̾¶һʧģ˫Ư۾˵ƵģֻҪ޲Ҿܽԭǵ˼ûһƬ
Ȼǲ𣿡һʧǵģϵϸһּŲֻǻŲûм磬ͷֱ޲˻ȥ
ţ޲ûֻȴǴϲš
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޲ҿǵӽƵĹߣֶЩҰ׵ָҪֻǸһ⣬ָͷоһʹ·𱻼ڻϿһ㣬ʹѸٵ֡
ԭ޳ָָ⿪ʼ巢ڣ񱻿ľ̿һªϸ΢ŵĽζ
ָʹ޲ԼɿݵָϵıΪʹԹޱŤ̫Ѩͻͻؿӵķŭ޲ҧ˵
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ۣƣҪϢһ¡
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ƵػصλصĹɱӣϻڵϷʱմϵĳѪͳԵʮǱȥǼսģ
ɱˣɱӵһʤЦرĵ
ǹɱӾж׽һԱΪʹһֺõµĹҲ١ֻԸѣ˸˼·Ϊڸİ仨ֵªϰ˵ʤʱɱӻΪɱܿͷɡ
ʼҲֻǳʤ˲˼·ѾƤҲĺܣǱ˲ˣԼһҲ֣ʼЦԶԵޱٵתͷߣȻϲ˵
ʤĺƤܵȻϰߣҲ
һۣת
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y޲ˣ²ܵǿĺܡ
µĲݷҲû⣬Ͼy޲Ҫôױֵܷĺܡ
Ĳڲݷҵױ
ʤ·꺮ûж֣ԼΪ˧ʵεЦ
ֻλݷȴû׼ţɹˣȻӦµľ棬ο˺͹ɱҲûʲôأҲûɡ
y޲ڸأһʱܲٴγ֣Ҫ뿪׷ͷݷոԵһҲ
ԵһأԵһǼʵ
䳡ݷƢõĺܣ֪뵽ʲôЩŹƬ̣뿪׼ȥԵһʱ򣬲ݷճѯˡ
¾֪Ƿ֪ͨ͸磿
ͣ²ӿݷ¶񣬡ʲô
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ݷն˶ټ˵ǰ㲻ڵʱԵһʹҵǲǲá
ʱԵһʵʱһϾ䲻ʲôܣδԵһӦò֪Ŷԡ
ǲĲݷѯԵһΪʲô֪ȻݷձԵһ˶٣ԸҲЩ֮ԻЩĵ
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δĻȻжϣ̧֮ѻһ˲仹ΪԼĶ⡣
ԵһãȻգգۣ˵ˣ
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££
ķĺܣ̧ͷʤû⣬ƤЦ롣
ţҪȥ܎ȥ𣿡


50 
ʤȥ܎Ҳһʱ
˵仨֣ƽҲûΣüҲвʤƽʱȻ˵µʱȴࡣ
ʤȥ܎ҲԵɵġ
Ͼ܎λʿǽˡ
ԣȥ܎ɣ
ʤ߽顣
Ϊʲôֻ̧ؿһ۳ʤĿбӵļǰߡ
Ҹɡ
Ȼ֪侵ԭ܎ǱŵĹйأҲûΪ뿪ȥıҪο´μ޲Ҫɴؽ
˰Ѫ֮ƺͺܲ
ڻΪǰЩ޲ȴûûɱߵء
ʤ첽ߣſ˵ھ܎ɱʬɻеŮֵġ
˵ʤ˶٣¶˼ָӵɫ˵ǸŮĿ±ɱḶ́Ϊ־ڰ˽¿ڹ뿪֮ǰǹʹ¡
Ǹµ꣬
ʣɵأ
ĽŲͣˣתʤĬͬˡ
ãȥһˡ

܎Ļ֣܎ʷҲΪƾãʱؽҰ֮󣬱ʣľϽݣʱǨƣҲ˾Ļ֮һΪԭҲصĹϵ܎ȴһָʡ
֣˹ѡȥ܎Щõĸо
̶̵СϣŵĺʱĹ˻ĵڰյķţʱ܎ʾΪָеˡ
ŵ߻ųʤʤ֮ڻ־ͺ֮ˮһ뻨־ͺΪӦڵĸݣЦݵڽϣʱʱվſ͵ŮǵЦ䡣
ΪòʣֹҲ˵Ưľһֱð͵ĹߺҲǴ顣
˵ǰλʿʤŮ˵ŻϢϽƳɵɫͷ滹ȾƯĻƣ˫ֲ¶ЦһɵǮģ
˵Ů¶һµ飬Լظһδɫ˵ȷʵˣȷʵˣ
治֪ʲôˡ
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һ磬һλŸƻ֯ʿˣڻʱſûϢأ
ǽ⻰Ȼ˵ʱϴŵĸ֯ԭƽ΢΢ƣ̧ͷǸͳʤ˵ŻŮ
Ůûע⵽ߣص˵¡
¿ǰѻʱݵϰˣΪʿǻʱݵſڣӰǵ⣬ҺûʱݵĻջûܵµӰ죬иʿﲻĳʱӿȥ
˵սҲ׾١
˵Ů̲ס¶֮ɫҲ⻨֮ŮǣĸǳŻͷŬġ
ֻ⻨ŮӳɰǧͷȴֻôܹΪŮˣһǾѡģ¹Ůġ˵黭ѧ˵Ҳָơ޹ֺЩڶһǧ
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ʤԼҪϢϵЦֲ˼֣ϹάŮ䣬ŮĻŭſ񶼴飬ֻǳʤ̸ߵĺܣ˦Ů뿪طռһЩ⻨ֵ鱨ȻǲܾһŮϵġ
ŮȻ֪Լڲ鰸ʤź͸裬²ӵǻĺܡ
㵹Ǻܿİ
䲻ðһ仰ųʤ񶼴Щ֮⡣
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˵˲˵ˡʤ̾˿Ȼ첲ҪļϣֻǻûͱŸ첲ϵ˦ˡ
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ᳶ˳Լϵĺͷشֵϣһ
Ҳûгְɡ
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ݲ͵ĸʿ߻һŮЦ߽һţ΢紵źҡҷͳʤûŮ鵹֡
ֻ⻨˶ǣͳʤȺ˴ڸУֻһۣ˾ʧȺ
ҪˣҪҳڻеĹҲҪϲſԡ
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˵˵ЦЦӣǿĵĲˡ⸱ӣȴԵ޲ˡ
޲ǴЦ塢¸˳ü֮ǲ͡
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޲ƣĿǽŷӣȻ䵽ڵϡ
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51 
ڻִˣƺҲȾ˻ֵ֬񣬵Ҳ˵жôϲֻڻΪ׽һƺЩˡ
ճǰ܎ʿЩзĻͷǺܿЩû˼Ļ㱻Ժ
ҲǣʱսħŰײ˶ƴҪѵ磬ϲŽʳϥͷû˻һûʲôҪԵʿ
˭ǲʲôҪʹŶĳԹءԼܲˣпչˡ
¼ĲŸ˽ͳʤͣʬ䣬ΪݵԭҲ⴦侵ʬ壬һֱｫãֱǰ졣
Ҳʬ巢ʬĵطһλΪԶԶܿĵطټϴ⼸¶ȻǺܸߣԹ侵ʬ廹ûиá
ֻҲ˵Ϻÿˡ
еʬĳζͷ˽ԼĿڱסüͷ
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˽˴Ȳظ뿪ˣ˵ڷʬĵطһƺǼ尾ġ
ֽڹʬϵİɫƿˣ֮ǰѾΪ侴ݣͷϻǽɫףէһȥҲǺܿɲ
ֻϣȴкܶ͹սµ˿ڡ
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ʵҲûŮͳʤʱ򣬺ڰб㻺ͳʤڻ־ѰǸ
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ڻֵĹֵͻֵĵ㣬ǼȻǹȻնɱģûԥŽȥелӳΪٶȺ󣬻ǿҵķС
֮ǰĶҪǿ֮ܶ࣬ǰ޲һҪϲ١
ҪһЩ飬ϵûº֡
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ΪƾУΪӦøƲŶԣֱ˵Ǿ仰ȻɱʵʵغԼǴ򲻹ġ
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վϰ޲ԭ忪ʼŤΣһȫëĹƶ𽥱ԭӡ

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ϰһֱǿŵЦűɪɪһԣ΢ڵ϶ͷ亹ֱ
󡭡ˡϰ˵
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52 
һΡ
֣Ϊǲεġ˰˵ΣǲξǶδԤ֪
ȷԼΣΪξ￴һжʱġ
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վԭ룬ξΧݵˡ
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ξеŵƺǸҩһȥΧ˴żӣȥˣֻ·Щͬġ
ǱԼﲻܶϥ˵ϸ۲ֵΡ
·ԽԽ߾ҲԽԽ٣ԼŤ˹ߵһԺӡ²ŻԼסĵطҲڴˡ
ҩ߽ԺӣԺɨ˺٣ЩηƵĵͷлвٱҪˡ
Եһ˳ƵӽǿһеȻΪԼǸʲô˲ˡ
Ǻܿ죬ͱˡ
еԼ߽һҩķ䣬ʼԼְҩ
˻ҪԼְҩԼݲһ˿ɡ
ǾðҩҪʱ̫ˣξȻԼʼ˽գۼڻ¯ϵչ๾ðŰҩͰˡ
ҲǿˣͽϵҩȡԱһ룬ҩкɫҩ֭ص˰ɫĴ֮С
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ȥܴʱҲֻЩˡ
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ò׵ȵͷ䣬ߵϼȾõɫԭղʱ춯
Ϊˮȴ޲װɵŮϴŷĺͷţ˳¥ߡ
ˮˮ졣һԵͺס޲ң޲Ͷעı̲ס˸ʼԼһľٶ
ϣ˿кɷŮûֻ̧ͷһӣʲô¡
䣬ȴŮһϸϸģͳࡣ
ķ١ûá
ǸСͺЩµʿˮ˵λδĻЩˡ
޲ұͲЩԼɢںھĳȥƺЩ֣ǳ˳ԼͷĿ⿴Ǹסͺ
仹СŲʮҡ
𣿡޲ʣõǸͺ϶ĵͷʩһ˵á
ȵͷãϴŵĺͷûʲô޲Ҳ뿪˻ʱݡ
ҹĻ٣ǻֿʼֵʱˡ
Ůݶ˺ĲòŮǷͷˡ
ƯŵĶŮϵ֬޲ұЩܵҪ硣˹ȥڴŵ㶼ӣҴӦûῴҲû֣з꣬˻**
Ȼ޲ұ˵Ը˲ҹάǻŮԵģȴˣڻϲ֪ȥ˶˵Ŀ⡣
ֵŮˣֻռŮѾ˴Ҫ޲ң޲Ҳͬо˿ڵס޲ұ¶ָ׵֣޲ĵٸͰʳ
ֻǻûü֣ѾһǸסˡ
߻ųʤ
ιϵĸ˼ҹ治̫ðɣ
ʤЦؽִϣԱקסӵ˵
˱뷴ǿĵϲĺõ˵תˡ
޲΢΢һȻͷ˵лл
㲻ڻʱݴ𣿡ǰˮмΪ۾֪ôҲº
ֻܾСھȻĳ߶
ЩƣԾͳˡ޲ҵͷձߴżƾķ˿
Ҳ֪ôһ£гʤһԻ۵ߥޣѾ˾Ӿ￪ʼ˾ơ
޲ұŮĺƯ÷һ۾èͫ۽Щ˵ޣСƤ𪣬ʺķ·Ѫһ毺õĴҲǸĳͦΣű˱Ȳϵĸ߹ʡ
ھӾŮ˶ġ
û뵽ҲԺƯĹһȾưʤžƱЦۣĿ⿴߳ĬĺȾƵΪĲƵø첲
֮ǰ͹ƽ̸ʱ֪޹ٵ飬էһʤһЩѹ
ŮǰǺʧģ˵˾䱧ǸǰˮµӺ۾ǲɺϡ
зյ𣿡
޲ûǰѯʡ
Ժ˵˵𣿡
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ֻǸͨŮˣţ᲻ѪζԺ޲Ӧǲͬġѵÿ˿˵˻ǰǲʶ㣿
ܶ˶еϤֻǰˮ»֮ǰߵ޲죬ǧٻһ㣬ദܾƵġ
ڶ޲һ˲㶣Ʋס¶ǿãĺֳ嶯ȻЦһ
ǵڶôʶء
ҲǣϾԼ֮ǰһֱڵţŮŮ־ôȥƯˣôʶء
һԵĳʤĻЦˣžƱ˴ߵЦ⣬ˣڨס
֪ʵֻʵʵ˵ѣûô࣬޲Ҳˡ
޲ﻹЩĪԼļˣż̽Եһ䣺ҿ֪˭𣿡
ǲ޲ŵЩԵУ̫ЩãȻ޲ҿ˰ΣҲûʲô˵ģʵʵ˵ˡ
һһˡ
ξ£˻Щ꣬ӽƺ£ȻЩƣ
ˮƺǲ̫ĵӣǵ΢ЦӲסˣõɫһ˲ı仯ֻ仯̫ϸ΢ûõͷ֡
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ԽԽ޲ƶЩĵȥжʻŭգ¶΢Ц
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Ķˣδеͷۡ
±Լ̫Ѩ־Լ˵ƺЩˡ
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ֵķָղźЩĵˮںбˡ
ζȻѵǺ󾢺㣬ûȹƣѾЩˣҲûϸ롣
޲ƺԼЩǿƽǡ
¾ԺҲԺ𡣡
ദľ˲޲룬Ҳ֪޲ûҪϲڵˮ£֪޲ҺܲܽܣҾϲˮ»޲ҡ
Ҳá
ˡƾЩΣܾ޲ҵ룬ʮ򶨵˵ĹѾˣǾҪ뿪ˡ
޲ԭЦ³׽Ӳ
Ҫ뿪޲ҿԱԾû˵ĳʤ
ʤզˮ¶̬ȵĲͬû⣬ǾűЦ˵ǵģˣԾҪ뿪ˡ
ʤﻹϧôˣһҲûˡ
޲ǷŭԼŮΪʲôҪ뿪ôǹһ
˵ͷװȾƵԼ⡣
ȻΪûйҪ뿪ôֹɡ
ֻǹѣҪ٣Ϳ١


53 
ȻǰδȹԲʤƿ¶վȾ˵ķɫԴҲЩκ
Ϊֵıܻǿһ˿ǣûѸٵȥ
ƵıҲȤһ󺰴зƢǴԼλһһĺȾƣ̶һǰĺüƿѾ˶ǣȻҲ޲ҹΪ֮
ģȻǾޱȣҪһĻȴûʲôֵĹߡڶ滹װׯ޲۾һֱת΢صʹž촽
õɫ۾Σ޲ҽźȾƵĶסԼһ˲̲ס¶ķ·ҰһͫеľҺȾƽĪɿƵĺ
ǾӾʿµķң޲ȫ**
ЩŲסˣֳԼĶͷ˻ΣһɾҪʱ޲ۼֳֿסͷײĳһƬۡ
¾޲ҽѹͣһ֣ˡ
ѾƵûзӦ޲ظƵʶǰڽ֡
šͷԼˡ
ʧȥȵĴл޲Щջֽ߬޲Ȼһ˿ϧζҲջûȻȼƿƾˡ
ʤþգ⸱ģ֪ѾˣֻƻþѹʲôǵãȻʶûкܳʱ䣬ʤ֪˿൱ļǳ𡣾ͿڹɱӴļļʿԼͬصùܴ˽һ
ʱ䲻ˣҲûȥˡ
ʤסĸ첲ҪҲɣ˳ųʤʹվˡ
𣿡ڳʤ̧ͷѯʣƽʱ˫䵭ʱΪ۽ǴЩĺΣԵøǿɰɡ
ǵǵģݡ
ʤǵһοӣκ˼Ȼоʶشߵĵϻͷ
ûеˣһղźһȾƵˮС㣬˫èһ糺ɫ۾ߵûʲô飬ģʱ
ʤЩɸղâڱĸоǲˮ¸ģǿˮ½ֺֻܿɡ
һͨŮ˶ѣôܻһֿµĸоء
ʤΪԼˡ
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ȻΪŮˣ޲ҵ߻üٵģ߳ͷʤһ߻һ룬ˮ¹ΪŮ˸Ӻеߡ
ͷ΢΢ƫ޲ҵķȻžͿ޲ҵļϣϿ΢ŵ磬΢紵ԱߵļƷ˿޲ҵļϺ
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ͺˡʤͣ޲Ұˮµлʣµһ·Ҵ¾ߺˣˮ¹Ȼػʱݰɡ
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첲ɿ们޲ʳ鶯֡
վԭأĿ⿴ŲнԶĳʤŽҲûջǵȵ˵ıӰʧתȥˡ

޲֪Ҫ뿪ʱͲˣڻϣͷ޶ˣȵ·Թŵĺɫ˵Ŀ⣬ֻòȴְ
һλƵĴӾӾһ۾Ϳʱݷȥ޲ңŲЦһ޲޲ȻҲע⵽ˡ
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޲ʬӶȻתһʧȥټڵСֻһдµʬ塣
ֻŰ٣ﲻΪ֪ʬ巢ˡ

޲һصʱݵٶȺܿ죬ϵĺͷѪҶ·ɫЩʲôֻǸһ׼Լӣȴͻʱݵһλղڶ
ǻԴϴвһֱЫҲˣһ޲һվ¶һµɫ˼ȻվһԲ˵Щʲô
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ȵ޲ʧղųһʼԼȥߵһ룬۾һطעͣ˽Ų/ϸȥȴһССĺɫҺ塣
ЩָָܵʪĴУղͻȻʶʲô
ѪΡ
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룬ֻԼǶˣ̴ӵվתԼӡ
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սԼӣ˵ϣԼϱͿĨİ/ڸסۡ
ǸŮˡ̫ˡ


54 

ʤͣ𣬼ȳַˡ
Ժ۾ǰһƬʰ쵵ģգգ۾ſҰĳʤ
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ӣΧŵĶȺΧһʬָָ㡣
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żԶľԶԶһ£һȷ˵ȷڹ£ֻǲʲôʱģ˵ôΪʲôͳʤȴûв
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·ߵԺĻʱϰһˤ˵ϣ໹ھҵÿȥ޲ڵӺڵһ⡣
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ҡҡͷԼˣȻԼĶͷϱ۾Ҽ롣

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Ȼǲ˵ȥģȻӰֻ܎ĿԴ˰Ĵ܎Ҳǰé܎ʲô⣬Ӱ쵽ҲǾ˰ա
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¶һɫͣǽ軨׷һǮġ
ã޲ЦŴӦˣջʱݣټɡ
˵ϵ޲ת뿪ˣľ̤ڵϷ죬޲ͶԼϵȻ󻺻һŵҧһڡ
ܳʳֻȴòʲôҪֻдѪȡãԳ޲˵ҲûʲôֻûгԹֶһںȻЩ
Ƕ˵һжѾزȥˡ
׽ſеǿ⣬ζ˵ʵЩķ壬ǻῴһۣӾȻܽͣӦӵ۷ˡ
ֱʽУ޲ʣµ˫糺۾¶ָӣ޲һ䣺ѳԡ
ϵȴûж
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޲ûбĹȻڽ˱ɹʧΪһ취ǳĹ̫СƲԼѪ**޲ʱ뷨׼ԼתĹ̸
ڲ֪ӣոձһٵĹʵԼ֮Ÿո̳ԵѪ⣬һ˲ʶͱ޲ҿһ
֮⣬һ֪Ĺ֮⣬֪ԼΪʲô˰ڳս׼֮ʱźƺͷŻƸӵ֯޲ȴȻм䡣
ޡ󣡴ˣ
Ѿ޲Ƶǫ˵ϣϿʼð亹
Ǻ޲ңֿ־ӰӼ޲ҵһˣ޷
޲ҾӸµؿɺڿϣҲ޲ҵıҪɱ˾һɡ
ΪžԵʵѹƻвǵûйеӷ޲ҡ
޲վǰҪǰ֮ڱϵ
ȻǲΥ޲ҵֻ֡
һв⣬޲ƺ鲻ӱŵѯʣˣʲôԭ𣿡
ԭ򣿡
޲ҺЦ鲻ҲͲѯʣµؽ˵ûԭ򣬵ô
ȻܾӦͬˡ
޲Ҿͻ˻ʧԭأܹ೤ʱ䣬һ죿죿
Ȼ㱻նɱҲνֻ˵ûʲôôˣµĹǡ
йѣôõĵķԼˡ


55 
ûз˿Ĺټ
ڽ܎ܹĵطһͳʤֵ֯Ľͷˡ߶ˣ·ϻ˵Ц֡
˸ԶһۣŶԷɫѵӱ˱˴˶û˿
ʤЦˣ̾
˵˵ȥˣ
ҲǲģִĵĿʼ˼ǰҹˮºնɱǸ
ǵãǸڱԴʱ󿴣һ㣬ֻһ۾ͺܵʲôвһ첻˵ˡ
ôˣ˭أ
ŵ߬ˣڳ˳Լͳʤֻб׷ϵˮһˡ

뻳ɣǱžɷŹһͷԼǸ̽Ѱһġ
룬ǰҹڳĹֻܲһ
ڽϣµĲŽֵһƵĺ
ʱڳĹ
ʤûӦЦ˵¾òǸ˰ɡ
黹ûãǰҹǵʱڳֻһˮ¹ôһ
û˵ʤѾӳ˹ԭЦı齩Ӳϣ𾪵ؿ
˵
ͷӦһ䣺š
룬ˮǲǹ
Ͼʱˮ³ֵδ̫
Ȼֿ̫ɲûпܣʤһ˼Ҳͬɻ
ǣҪô̽أ
ĬƬ̣ʤѯʵ
Ҫжǲǹ⻹򵥣
иָζһ𣬵ܿͲ׽ǱеĵĻ㣬ǵһ֣ǸָĻζһζḻЩġ
ĿĴѰûüشʤĻֱĿһС̯ϣǸС̯ڷңСһͬľɿɰʱʱзͣС̯һ鿴ɷΪҡ
ʤʲôȻͣĿͱ죬ӦǷʲô
ĻŲȷġ
˲ӣѸٵĽӽߺԼҵС
λˣҪ𣿡
С׵ʱЦۣʼԼĶ
ңر࣬ǲøժʻġ
ĿɨһȦڷŵңζŨĻζһͨ˵ûʲôϵģڱеˡ
ǿŲʣָָһɫ˵ҼٻҰɡ
ʤѾߵ֪ҪʲôĻʤ˲ͷӦ˹
С֪飬ĵؽĸٻװݸ
һɢŵе̾˿װԼĿڴߵĳʤ
߰ɡ
ȥʱݡ
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ҹ˳Ŵش޲ҵգЩǣӵԴָۣڴϲͣûţ
Ȼʧˣ޲ַ糺ӿԶԶ߹۵һ˿ϲǺܿЩĲá
̫ˣ޲ұȥֻ̫δɺϣеԸ鷢Ķ˾ͻ̲סǷǹΪ֮Ϊ˱״޲ؽԼĿĵǰ
ڣԼиˣ
޲ĿؿźеĳʤʤЦԽԽǰۡ
Լ죬ȻԻƷһǿڲˮֻ֡
ǻûжãойںԭͲ̫۾Ĺϵˡ
׵Ŀռֻ޲Һ
޲ûб˲²͸˼ڵ޲鲻ãȹά޲ſʼ˵¡
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ûй޲ǰΣѾ޲ɱ¡
ٶȵǺܿ죬ǲ֪õʱˡ
޲۾ɫȻû¶ʲôȴٶȡ
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ʳ˵ҪĲɱ˶һȥƵġ
޲ҵûʲôģܹԵ˻Ҫж£ԻЩ˵Ҳǡ
޲˵仰ⳡֻͷе̸ˣһȴĵĶ޲ʵˣҪΪ׽һ𣿡
ⲻһ٣׽ģ޲һ׽ô˭ϲĴأ
޲ûǸ飬ܻͷͬ⣬ûʱӦˡ޲Ҫ鲻ãҲǶһ١
Ҫ޲Ҳͷ˵ĿŵϹŵĹԼ׽𣿡
Ȼô룬Ҳ֪Լǵ޲ңϾ޲˵ĵĪ˭Ҳ֪ʲôʱῪҲ֪ʲôʱһСֻиһغ³
޲һĲˬ̾ͿʼԼ亹һͷð
ǸˡϿҵ˵ҵĴǿĴڣôܱأ
һʺƨܸ޲ҿЩɣ룬޲Ҿǲ·
޲ҵ뷨ֻĲʺƨŲõġ
ģð
ɴ˿ɼ޲ұ˫ԱˣҲǶԼ
࣡޲Ҳûпģһ佫ϳԼ˼ά磬Ȼ󻺻ۡ
õʱһ㴫ЦŮ֮໥ЦȻ˵黰м˭֪
Ȼϰﾪȵ
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Ϊʲô˺ųʤҰٻҴϣûзӦôͲǹ
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ܿ˻ʱݣʱݵϰЦӯӯվſڴ͡
ͿĨźصİ/ۣ촽ʺ죬毺õòΪ֧ţ⸱ҹ顣ڵķȴϲװ磬̫ԭװ粢ÿϾǷףҲЩʲô
ߵӭ͵ϰߣֱ˵Լ⡣
һΪˮµĹ
ϰʼûϳͳʤģΪĿ׼кȴվǰ˵Ǹ˵һ֣ǰЩӾ˽Ǹħͻˡ
ͬҲǵ޲ںڰ˫ѪҺһƵ۾ǾвͿζĻ
Ҫ顣
ԭǵЦ΢΢һϰָֻܿƽʱӽղһ˲ѵıȥֻٶȿ죬۾Ҳܿ졣
дɣȴûб¶
ԭˮ°ϰЦȻ󳯲ԶŲˮͺ˻֡
ͺ˺ܾãȻ֪ϰ˼ˮܵϰǰϰʲô𣿡
ϰ׵ͺͷ˵ȥˮɡ
á
˱׵ͺ޲ҵķȥһʾʤѯЩ飬ʤȻ¶һƽ׽˵΢ЦͷʵСˮʲôʱʱݵģ
Сûһһʮ˵˳ˮǰʱݵġ
ʱڹȥ֮Щͬ
˼ߴ·ͺੲݵ˵ˮµòͬʱһҲˣ¶һ绨һòӣɫľºͷ¶ǵŮˡ
ֱЩʧ΢΢ƫߣߵͺǸŮһͯǸŮ˵֣ջ
ǻʱݵĻգʶ̧ͷǰŮˣǸŮҲͬȻ󻺻ع
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ˮĿˣϰҴſȥˮӡͺĽͣһ˫תţȥֿɰ
һˮ־ûһͳʤ˼ӣûж࿴۾͵ͷȻ߲µʮ׸ߵľƽء
ûͷͺָȥˮڵķ䡣
ˮ죡ͺվǰ޲ҵļĿˡ
ŸãﴫĦ죬ȻǽŲ߶
űˣ¶ɫĲŻƵ棬ǽϻһɽˮûй໨ڵװΣˮüĶԱȡ
ˡ
ǰˮ촽۽ǵһĨ̺Ϊ˼ޡ
·ͺһЩͭǮ޲ҵ߽ӣĳʤûеõ޲ЦĻˣȻҲڸϳȥ
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źˡʤЦЦ˵˳ȵơ
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ʤԾ뿪Ȼ޲⣬˼˼
ⶫ޲Ҹ֪
ųʤҲãҲûоܾ
ڲԣڵĵŹ⣬ҫůٻɫ
ݲ𣿡޲ǰĲһСײҶݲĶ޲ҵЩĶȴŵ񻭡
ӦǲģΪûѧЩļ䣬ǿˮµƽصĶȴȻϤ
Ҳᡣ
޲ЦЦߵݸഥһ顣
ҽ㡣
һǲϤģ޲ҵĶָȴȵطԼĶشȻǧٻһ
ˮ㣬ȽﻹŵĿɬůˮ˳źĶӡ
޲ҿܺãղݲĶڻʱ򿴹֪ٻأȻҲԼ֮
ɣָܻġ
ûã޲ȴᵽմȾŵĵĻ㣬ζϤˣǶԹ˵ͬ綾һٻζ
ʹѣԣػֱùأ˵ϡѪùһôٻԹ˵Ǵľ綾
ȻֶֻͨĹԣ޲˵Ȼûʲôôġ
Ϻ㡣
޲ҷеĲ豭˵ƽʱżҳһ˵Ǵʲô𣿡
ô޲ҲûʲôӦǹĿӦǲģȻЦ˵ǵģٻҡ
˳ݸ޲ң۾
Ҫ𣿡
һɫңŨٻζԴԴϵĴɢȻһʱҶ޲ʱʲôӰ죬ʱ˾Ͳһˡ
ڣҪٻҸ
޲ǵЦ΢ɲһΪ˲ֽӹңɫһٻǺܺÿӡ
޲Ҵǲ֪ģղź
ٻҶ޲˵Ҳɱһַʽ


56 
ҪΪһȴҪٻʲô顣
޲ұشٺòˡ
ž֪ͨ/˪˻жȴòԵɣȻٻЧ޲ϷӵҲûЧ
Ҫ޲һܾܾ
ϴŵٻҵζӳˣ޲ǿ򶨵ؽҽӹȻŵһߣǶٻζ޲ҲòסҪװµģ̸
̫ˣ޲˵
ȽĲˮͱᵽٻζһ޲ҵθָо޲Щơ
ˡʲôƵ˵Ȼóҹ޲ΪǮ
ҹллˮСİˡ
һ̻˴ңһ̵ľٶȴڻޡ
ǰˮԭǵ΢ЦƽֽӹͭǮܸоˮǲĵġ
ˮµ˼Լǲܺˮʲôչġ
ֳֻܱĬ
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ÿɷգգ۾޲˵õġ
޲ҴߵԻЩȲζӱ޲ƿʵĿ˲ӿԭŨٻζĿһ֡
ºöˣ޲˿ԭЩѵɫָ糣תԼλȥ̽һڹȥļ䡣
¾ݲպ޲̧˵ɲûѧݲӡ
ȻûѧģԼĺܣڵЩȥѧݲ裬ǶѻɽĹȥ
οʵûжమȲ衣
ҡ̫ǵġҲȲ衣
üͷ΢壬ԼݲմӺζЩеļӰӰ´£ȴʼ޷չʾȫò
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ˮºȻѯûʲôʲôһǵ¾ƺҵһء
˵ǾȤˮ¹¶˼ʵЦ⡣
Ӧ¾Ҫ˰ɡ
޲˵һҲûоò˼İõĺܡ
˫ӳٺ⣬һ̾Ȼֳ֮ɫ
ҡ̫ǵˡ
û޲ķԥƬҵ˿µĶһ޲ҽԼ⼸εξ˵˳
ţҺ񾭳ݲ衣˵ǵԼ¡
ֹǾÿ춼ҪǸϲ֪ٴεĲˮҲˮԶڵ¶ȡ
ˮ𣬺Ȼ
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εһˣҿֻ֪һ˫õɫ۾
˵ͣƬ̿źЦڶˮԥ˵񡭡۾
˵񣬲˵һģһŶԡ
ˮ¾ͺ񿴵Ǹ˵Ӧǲͬġ
˵Ա𶼲һˡ
޲һָԼ۽ǣţȻЦ˳
ɰ
޲˵ȻָŲסĿԣ޲˵
Ҳǣ졣
Ϧ˺ܾһ
ˮסյ΢΢һƫͷˮȴǿƣʵڲһĴ󵨾ٶǻֵĹҲô
̵ֳ۽ëЩڳʤйɱǰһȻĮӣ޲ǰȴһҲֲס
۽ë޲ǿԼԺг嶯Ķ
̰ǰûʲô̫𣬵ǿȥȴӾ˼֡
ʶ޲ɿ˵ȥڿЦżֻԼ
ʵһֱŲ룬ڻȪֵģô֪Щʲôתֻ֮˵
ȻʵûҲ
ѵԼǸûк𣿡޲յ᲻죬֮ǰм𣿡
ȻǼģǰ˻һܣ޲һû
Ȼ޲һ㶼ġ
Լ֮ǰ޲ңʶؽνӵϡӴл䣬𾪵ط޲ҵ׵Ǹ˵ϾȻû˿Υ͸С
˵˾޲ұˡ
޲ҿϷƱãʵջλϣûΪ跴һˮ
㲦ֻҪһ͹ˣ̫෴ױ¶Լ
޲һǵãӶ˵ʱܰȲŶԡ
ĲˮԶǡ¶ȣõʱһȲŵ޲ҵߣΪˣ޲ҲŻԽԽ⡣
ֱҲ벻顣
Ϊûܱˡ

޲ҵŵüһ˿âҲôϲݲ費ΪϲȲ裬ΪŶԡ
ΪϲȲ裬ҲͬȵĲˮ
޲ҺȻ˲״ĸжС
һԵҲͬھԼ顣
ԼȲˮֻйһΪ˲ʧȥ˵γ谮һС
ڵܲеԼΪʲôҪϸҲᵽһо
һ޲ҵƺ˵ͨˡ
ҧ룬Լ͹y޲ҾʲôĹϵϴ顣
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ȵˮŷһԵٻɫӡ
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ΪǹеǳǸΡ
ٻ㲢ûС
˵һ֣ص˵ܱǸҾ»̹׳ȽϺá
̵ҪŮԱأղȻΪ̽Ҳƭ
Һˮ˵ѵһµĵط
֪Ľĸоɵ롣
Ӧûġ
޲Ҳ֪ԼһɫȻǲ˵ʵû´ҾҪҵĹµġԤϵõԼһ¶Ǳⲻ˵ģԲҪָŶԡ
û¡װһӣʵϳעĵؽԶЩ
Ҳ⡣
䣬ʱݵ¥±Ȼˣ಻Ƿʲô顣
Ȼڶ㣬¥µɲСܿ͸Ķ䡣
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֣ʤϲƱ˵ˣȻһ٬ӺԸʵϱȴǺܳȡüͷ޲˵һǸȻ첽ߵ˳ȥ
ǱӰͶǸɴúܣûʲôԥͣ١
޲ҵЦ⽩ǣɫ˲࣬ŭĿ˲Ϸŵٻϡֽ߬˸͸ֶֻᱻ˺ѳƬǶ޲Ҳûַŭ΢һ˿ӡ
¹ｫǹζ޲ҳһȻͬתš
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Ṉ̀ڣƺȶһƬ죬һɫͿյģ٬ζͷߵͬ˵ŮֻҪǮλˣʲôŮ˵ò
ȻǲᷴӦǡ
ǵģǵģ˵Ķԡ
ϵıۿɼĽӲˣȻɳڻ֣ΪĸǰСģʽģȻҲĸĺܡ
ԭΪƵĶһ٣Ȼ󽫷ƵСƿ˾䵭
ǸˡҲܷ㡣
Ȼ˵ĺòڸ̵ǻƲˡ
Ȼ߳ŭס˻յ䲻ߣϾǮȥˣѵܰ׻
ȻȻΪ·ִϰＱææϹﵫҲûʲôãӵ̬ŭĸ̽ţǸǮͿԼŮˣ㻹Լʲôˣ
ˣ⻰˵裬Ƕ܎Ů˵衣
׵ļŮ˻أ
ܳͷȻ÷⣬Ǵ󲿷Ůһĥ޳ͷ֮ա
ҵǸǸץŻյĸ첲ɫǺ죬Ů⣬ο޸ֻ֮黭Ļա
Ƶˡ
ʮ׸ߵľ챾Աƽ⣬֮¾ˤҲûʲôɾȵģ۾սѾԼˤڵϵ׼ǳϵǣûиܵˤڵʱֶʹУһůĻ
۾ﵹӳųʤ
ʤѻշãЦе߽˸̣Ѻõζ
ºú˵˵Բأλ
ĽȥʤĻɫصųʤʲô
ûʤǸʿƾĴʼʧȥǵҰ޽³ĻһԻ
ʤϵЦδ䣬ֻȴ˺˪ȥˣŲߵǰֱͷĵϡ
ˡһ죬ڳ˶һ
λǲǺȾƺȶˣʤһֻѹỴ̈ǸǸȴû˿֮
ʤЦеĴҵһƿƣŸ̵İ˳Դȥ
ƺȶˣѱȽϺã˵Բԣ
ǸɵƬ̣ҪӳʤվȴֵķԼãʤһɣϵĿϵһ˾˸̵Ͷס˸̵Ļ
Цеĸ̵˵һЩҪ˷ѡ
˵꣬ʤŸ̵ͽһ˫Ӳ˾۾ֻһ׵ľϡ
Ļλ˰ɣ
ԭźصľͱһԴĸ̵˲ˣ˲ȴ̿ųʤƴĵͷҪǿԴҡһ
ͻ˾ţҪġ
ͺ
ʤЦĲãͷڸ̶촽˼£û˵ʲôֻ֪ɿֺĸͣ뿪˻ʱݣйڴһ㡣
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ųʤѯʣӿſɲʤλӡ
ûʲôǸһ档
ʤ赭дǲɫ
ȷûʲôģûý˹ʤͻ뿪ˣѲɸ̻׷ܾΪ˱
޹ؽҪҲ⣬ҲûʣһԵĻһվ˳ųʤؾһ
ǳлλտųʤʵĲöࡣ
ʣǡ
ֻǸ޹ؽҪˣˡ
ʤתƻ⣬װûпǸʧӡ
Լ°ͣԼʲôʱȴ˲ĽŲ
޲Ҹͬ
Ϊˮµ޲ͬģͻȫͬķ˵յò֦ͷŵĴӣô޲ҰŮ˾Ǻеĺ÷
һᣬһȴ
֪ʱݻһµŮˣѾкЩ̲ס޲ҡ
޲ȻǸоõЩ˵Ŀ⣬Щ˵۾ĻûܹܵȴòЩ
ϰû뵽޲һ𾪵ؼʧҲͬˣ˵ʹͷûܷϰͻղȻʧɫ顣


57 
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⵹С£֪ǣΪʲôԼȴ˿ûвĺۼأ˵ۼһ˿ζҲޡ
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ĸ̺ʿɪɪ޺óʤסǣȴȫûʤûΣЦľΪʿԹȴ𵶽ûС
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58 
ʤѹʱѾǰˣΪ׼ķϲ˰ɫıŵõĲҩζŴҽʦΪĨҩ˿ˣȻһӻûǺò˵ġ
ۣͷβûһĵʹʤǵԼкüٶȼĹѵɼǵ˿ڣȴԼá
չ͸Ĵ䵽ϣЩۣ˲ƤûۣǰһƬɺҹصѪһ㡣
ųʤݵİŽ̸ѹĺܵͣʤ̫壬ֻһģ졣
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59 
ˮӦǹӽġ
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ͷһηԼ㣬ʹֻҪһζͻĺ㣬޲ҾԼƺġ
û͸µ߿ǽĿ䵽˹ڵϵ˲
˲˸飬ֺ񱻶߿ŵĲһϢ
󡭡ˡ˲־弫ˣԼͷĸͣ޲Ҿɱ
޲ƽʱǲĹʲôģҲͱ˲
ɱ㣿
޲ҹһЦǼΪŮԻòȴԵĵͳԸУĲȴԵͻأЩС
˵İɣҲɱ㡣
㻹ôء
˲ͷ˲亹ֱð
Υ޲ңֻýԼͷĸͶ˵ǵģˡ
岻ܿƵԼ޲ҹȥ
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ѭζʱ˲Ҫˮ°Ĳҧȥ
ɫԼֵݺݵͶȥӴȺܹѿƳ˲ȥ
ڡ
͸˹˺üȻϡ
ϵˮ֣еɫѱ档
Ǻܲء̾һ𡣡
Ȼʲôⶼûеģ޲ҵ˵ͷӦִվ
ϵ˲ʹĺ޲һ˲ȥ
Ƕʹ/һ־Ǹ־Ĺy޲ҡ
Ҫ˵ЩʲôվǱսˡ
ϵĵиɴذγ赭дػӹ˲Ĳ
û˿ķĸԸĴݸ
ּˡ
ת޲ңɫֲֻŻеĮգգۣʺȥֱҹɫһĺ
ǰְ
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صʱʱѾҹˣҲѾЪҵʱ޲ҺǱػصʱϰһǶ޲ҵȴѯʡ
˻ص޲ҵӲһ𣬽谵ķ
뿪Ŀǰˮɢĳϣߵ޲ǰ޲Ҵڼϵһƾںڵĳ
ͷɢˡ
⡣
Ͼķι̣ټϸղŵ£ɢҲ
ǾľٶڵʧȻɿ֡
Ǹ
üͷԼôˣǰˮ´ԼͷЦЦ
¾ɡ
û᲻ᣬƶһ㡣
޲ҽӵݸ˵
񵱳Ϊһһɡ
Ȼס޲ķ
á
Լ˵
㱼䣬ԼǸԽʱٴθԺ
Ϊɡ
õģˡ
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뿪ʱݵʱ׼ԼĻա
ҹżʶسȥʧǲûпԼ뿴Ǹ˵
֪ΪʲôԥƬסѯʡ
ˡλˡ
ܿɱʤֶ֪
ȻƼ˻һŵʧ䡣
ˣ
ѵĵؽͣгʤ
ջûüΪ֪ʤֿģתͷ֪˳ʤ˵Ϣϵ仯󶨸˵ϡ
ܺãһʱˡ
ųʤ˻лӣŹȻǻǧꡣ
˿л
Ŀб׼뿪ȴֱսסˡ
ˡЩ־壬ѹ˵ˮ¡
ˮ¡ǹ
˵仰վͺþȫֲ̿Ĵ˿ȻһѸٵ뿪ˡ
쿴ŻյıӰӰеİɫ
߳˻ʱݣݵķȥ
ǰĲݺӵ֮ôֲᷢء
ˮӦҲ֪ġ
ûȲԼֵĵط
ͲѴ𰸰ˣô᲻Ը
̧Ÿҹյƽ
ôԸˡ
ߵĺߡ
ǲǣ
޲Ҵˣ


60 
ҹɫܺãֻ㡣
Ե࿴ݵİصΪһȲһġ
ŵл￪ʼˮµ¡
ˮֶǼٵġ
޲ҴӵڶκʼѾˡ
ˮеһͻ飬ˮ¾ˣʵŹ
ǳһ΢ЦЦﲻϲãֻĳ֮⡣
ƭӡ
޲ˣʼԼʧȥǶμ޾ĺġ
ؿڴһӲԥƬ̻˳
Щճ͹ƽй棬ȴʼûжԹy޲֮ʼг׵оҲʱˡ
ù⻬ľ棬ˮһȦȦɢֱ˹ϵ
ƴˡ
ĹƵ˵ͷյɫͬѾ˲ԣǹƳʵʲôˣ
ûʲô£컹ոս޲ҵװ˸ɾżµҲ˺ܶ࣬һжõķչǿϲɺصŶԡ
ƫƫ˹y޲񾭲
Լָ⣬еȲһ
ɬĲˮ̲סüͷǺܿˮظʲü΢ƽ
ȻǲϲȲ衣
߽ԼӣڰϷŵֽдһ̵Ļ
ҹɫ뿪ݣȥ
Щ飬ǵѯȽϺá
*
Ȫ뿪֮ǰûʲôͬһƬûӣԲʮΪȪɢӲݶ
ڴɢĳζԽܡ
ס˻Ȫڡ
ڵôЩʶ˲٣ֲ￴ĵĺкԣ󲿷ֲﶼʶġ
û̫ʱһһӦֻǵ˵ͷѸٵ뿪ˣЩã֪ԼǸұ˰ҹơ
ȥ˼˻ˣ
ºܿڵֲﴫ˸飬Լ͵ı˰
Ͼ˰Ҳֲһ֡
˰ܾϲΪ˲ŻﻹԼΪʲôûõһϢ˳ڻԭΡ
ûþ͵;˰ѾʼˣһӰ˰Ϳĵȥͷʼ۵ʡ
ǲ˼乤̫ˣ
ڱ˰ԼӶԳôһܷ˪ΪҶ˼֤ܿ
ˣ
˰Щۡ
ǽȻı˰Ǹڶı˰֪ԼΪʲôڵǱ˰ǲͬġ
Һܺá˵Ҫ˵ʲôԥ
ĲԾ˰۾ô˵Ҳദ꣬㲻ָƵҲ֪֪ס˰յüͷ
ʲô
ûʲôԥģű˰˵ǵɫ˾ġ
˰̧ͷű˰Ұɡ
ΪʲôΪʲôɰġ
˰ɫһԭ鸡ڰյ䵽˵ϣû뵽ͻȻѯ£Ϊ¡
ˣһûйȥ˶ԼĹȥױȵĺĵġ
˰һҿ۾۾ԼȥĿٴתΪʱ
ûʲôɣֻ˻ȪȻʱ˶ѡ˰ǿһظһ飺ֻѡ
ʵ˰˵
ţֱ˰ƭǱ˰ΪʲôҪƭ
Ϊ
˰ס˱˰֣۾ʮּ϶˵
ࡣ
˰ִĲ˵֪뿪ϾҲʲôֶΰ˵룬ֶιȻǺܱӵġ
֪صĹȴһ߽Ųݺӵࡣ
ʱ˵ˣ˰
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˰ָӵ֦ʱ򲢲þȣ˵ﻹмȻĸов۾͵õͣҲ֮С
ֻǺܲҵʧ˶ѣΪ޲Ҿܾ˲ݷεºһжܿˡ
ת˲壬ɥ׼ʶԵٴǰȴǱ˰޶ϵ˶Ϊտ
ԽǿԽǽӽԽǱ࣬ͬ
𣿡ű˰ûкҲûбƭķŭ˵⻰ʱƽ˼ֻϲ
Ϊı˰һ˲ŶĪĺģ̧Цද˰֣ű˰ЦļҹǧСҲΪ
һҪˡ˰תȦȦôͨʣȻǻǧĴֵԸ񻹴ŮŻе棬Ĳ̣׵ذһ˵Ҳûоʲôˡ
ҿȥ
Ƥ΢΢һſԤϵõ˰˵ȥĻûô򵥣ôǻء
ûʲôνô
˰תȦȦĶͣ°ƮڿЦŶ˵
ҵĶӰɣ

ΪԼˡ
Ŀű˰ͼӱ˰ı￴һ˿˿ЦζǱ˰棬ûڿЦ
ô𣿡о˵Щˡ
û˰뷨
԰˰ʼ
Ȼڵǧ꣬Ǳ˰ûֻͬ࣬;ԵĻеι״ֲ
ҵĺᣬûʲôõġ˰ʼջԶĻţⲻ𣿡
ȷǴ󲿷飬Ҫ˵ĶĻǲܵġ
˭Զţ޲Ҷ󵨶֪ߵغ뷨
Ҿܾأ˼һȻʡ
ûоܾȨⱾһƽȵĽףܾ˱˰Ҳûá
һֱӾӹȥ
˰û󷽵˵ԼļƻʱڴΪͰϾͱֵĺ쾡¡
ûоܾȨֻнܡ
ǡǡҲĶ
ܾˣͺˣȻҲûܾˡ
뵽ǸڲݷլСүŵϾ겻ɢĿɬҩζ޲ҹʱ಻ѹֵĿ
ҲȤ޲ǰЩӻ˵ԼҪûжԼҪʵ޲Ըˣ޲һ֪ûл

һҲֻķʽ뿪޲ҵȷʼδġ
ûϵǰ˶ѡ
Ȼ˶ûϵķʽ
ֻһԥʹ˱˰֡
Ը⡣
˵仰оеظɡ
ôټˡһκˡ
۾±˰ʱš
ټˣ޲Ҵˡ
Ҳ
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ļ򵥣˰ʲԸ˵Ȼתʧ˱˰
˿µ顣
˵ʼԼŽûиоκĻ֮սദ±˰ſʼԵԼΪо˲
һԵȵĽףŴӸµİ
Ǳ˰鲻ȴûкڵ˼ڡִӲΪԼѾеڣǰᣬᡣ
ֻǵָԹ
˵أ
ûʲôԹ޵ģȻ˰صǱȣǳΪȴԼѡ
һԸһԸˡ
ô꣬ͱ˰֮ĹϵѾǵûԹճĹϵˣõҲܵõ˰顣
˰ȷʱɣȻϰѱ˰ĸףʵϲ˵ѱ˰۰
ҲġŹĻ˵ɣ˰
𣿡Ļҡҷÿһ仨˵
Ȼġ
ûҪѡ
ɢ״̬ı˰ΪΣڻ¶Դ
𣿡
ġ
ѹϵʯͷж£˰ˡ
˵ϱסĲӲǻȸԾغ֡
˰ںڵĳ
ǸӰɡ
*
֪ԼΪʲôֵ࣬̽ѰԼȥļˡ
Źȥ˹Ƶլۡ
ԺһԴԵĽݻǸʢڿҡҡڰںǾùƴ˸ϧֲɳĲۡ
Ȼ˵
ȷҪǰ𣿡
Ըµģ˵㲢ǵá
ЦЦƴˡ
Ϊνǲǵá
á
áûٴȰ裬Լӹóһƿҩݸ
ѡҲֹ
һ㱻ڸǵļͻġ
ӹ޲еƿӣһҩ˳ǰͣˡ
ƴˣָ˼䣬Ҳĸְɣ
һ㶣漴ֵ˵ͷŵıϵ¶Ц⡣
Ȼȣⲻıġ
Ҳ
ҩԼҩ˲仯ˮĶӡ
죬ζЩϤ
Դ˳Ʒġ
ûϸ룬Ȼǰһھιȥˡ


61 
׵Ķߣоֻ׹׹׹
ǹг˺ܾãۣһ۵С·
Լһ˲絫ָֺܿ򶨡ǼһԲԼĿǺġ
οԼ
ߵС·ͨǰ֪լۡǵǰ޲ڲݷҾסԺӡ
Ƿ·Թߵ̬ˣеصĸܵǶμ䣬ַ·һ㱡Ĥ޷ʵഥøһ˲űʵַ·޻еڲŸ̤ʵصĳʵ
żеķһУȻ֪ǹȥԼۿżԼһһȴؽȥڵԼֳ塣
Ǿ侲ĴԸֻǰˣǶ˵ȴ֡
߽ܿլۡ˸˾ְĬԼ£ÿ˶ᵫȴ˳
ѹֵĿ϶شһһдԼҪȥ޲ҵģȻԼ˽ȥ
֪ʲô£ϴƬ·ɽصļС̡
ôˣƿЩСƬԼƲ֪ЩʲôĹy޲ҡ
޲Ķ嶯˶Ȼ̧ͷѾߵ߹
һ˫õɫӰɢһС
Ψһֻܹ޲Ц
޲Ʋͷ䵭ûʲô
ղӵĻطÿסԼ֡
޲룬ûʲô˵ģֻһʧѡ

ʧ
Ƴ޲ƺҪЩʲô뷨ûʲôȤ˽⣬Ҳ޲Ҳ˵þͲҪʣҲһֻ۱һֻ۵ĵû޲ҵĲԾ
ͷ˵ʰһ¡
š޲ҿһԱ۾˵
Ƭʱϸ΢Ķ죬ϤϤ޲Ҷ޲Ȼ۾Ƕȴ̲סķ˲ࡣ
ʵЩС±ҪԶ֣ҲһЩҲûʲôˡ
ֽϵƬһ˵򵥣ЩƬδ̫ϸС񣬲ͻ֡
ãֻǴʹһ¶ѣüͷûһ¾Ͱָ̧߽˿ڴѪȥˣζóԡ
ȥѪָµһʪܿͷˣʣĴƬһȻ£һｫƬ˳ȥ
ٻʱ޲ҲûĿˣ׳Ϊôˣǰȴ޲ڿһ޺졣
ǸղƬʱƵ˿Ѫ޲ҿˡ
޲תͷѯʣˡ
ȻֵҲֻС˿ڰˣԼûô˸ָͷҪԹһ޲ҵĻҲֻЦЦ
ûµģˣֻС˿ڶѡ
޲ҺִܹԼ˿¶Ųݾܾǿơ
ҿ
޲ҿˣȷʲô˿ڣָⱻһĿӣֻǻ΢΢ѪӾϿһЩֲǶ޲ʳ֮ĸСү˵һصˡ
޲ҵͷʲô޲ܹһ
޲ֲˡ
õĺԣ춼޲Ҳġ
ȥҵĹ򿪵ӡȿȡùǸɫĴɹޡ޲촽԰ף˵
Ӧһվ޲˵ĹȥӣİڷһСƿ޲ҿеɫĴɹޡ
˵Щ޲ġ
óǸɫСƿߵ޲ߣ޲ҽӹȥɹ޿ڴ¶ɫɢŵĿζҩࡣ
˿ڵġ
ĵʹŵƤ˲Ԥϵ޲Ҫʲôˡʵ˿ڷŲȥԼҲϣ޲Ҳ롣
߬ȭͷ߿޲ˡ
ǿӲĽ޲һҩʲôҪĴһı齫ҩϸϸͿĨȥ
ЦãΪСԼͻȻϣûҪ˷ôһõҩˡ
ģĸоȴƭˡ
޲ҵͷĨҩʱչ޲ϵһ˲ľĶ
޲ҴûΪЩǵһĨҩַָڶҲ˿ҪҩҪҽ˴žҪ¶һʹļ׵ı˵޲ұˡ
޲ﲻֵһᣬοҽҲڡ
ָϱ޲Ĩһҩ࣬ȻҪлģ޲ջȻóл͸жı˵ܵõӣǺεȵĻϲ
ʤҡ
Ĳʺƨ޲ʼϲڲϲˣϣʵһ㡣ǽɹ޷һ˵ú˵
Цûʲô˼ȴ޲ҵĲӿʼ졣Щľˣĳ޲ҵлллˡ
ʵģûʲô⡣
һ촽˶û˵ʲôֱˡ
鸴Ӽˣ֪˵ЩʲôҲܻң֪Щʲô
Ҫ˵ʼ޲ŮװƭԼֶתࡣ
֪Ϊʲô뵽˺ջˮʡ޲Ͼջˮ
μһ䣬ͻȻתڣٴλָʱҹˡ
仹Ǹ䣬޲ѹϣ봽ů΢
㵵۾ʶƿ޲ңȴԼ޷Ǽ䣬һѾ飬赲ˡ
޲Ұۣ΢Ĵţһһ£һմ¶ˮŵĻС̽ƵĿ
Ƥ˲ۣ޲˫·׵**õɫ˫
񶼴ȵ¶ȣǶ˶޲ϵĿɬҩ㡣
ʼǲͬƵȻ𽥱ͬһƵʡ
һš
ϻ޲ʱʱǵȻ޲ٴ˿ĳݹء
èһİĵطһ̽ѰϤ֮Ϳʼ󵨵طˣ˵ݿʼ޼ɵ˵ָʼؿҧϸϸܵġ
ЩˣèҧҪ㿪èǿֱؽĲ뿪
˷ˣô֡
׵ֻԼԼˮĲ֦ͷȸʱʱкܺõڸ⼸졣
񻹸оõ޲Ҵݵ¶ȣ΢ģ嵭Ŀɬҩ㡣ԼˣһԼȴѵĸԼû㻹ǡ
ֻ޲һˡ
ȻһƬڰ
ƻƵַݣһԵسӿȥˣһʱҲܲӴļ䣬ͷѡ
Ʒ˴ϵԴ/ɺɺٵı˰ۼˣغ塣
ͲӦָ䣡
˰Թѡ
һͬı飬ŵһִٵϣԼѡ񡣡
˰֪һ棬һˡ
ƵպȻһ۵Ĺ⣬ǵ⽫ˣ;еԩ갧Ǳ˺ӵɪɪǸܵõǵϢǿź嫵֮
޴ɫҲǵ⳯Źլۡķλǰȥˡ
ΪһԱȻϵóǿϢһλ
լۡĹҲ⡣
߳΢΢ʾ𾴡
ǵ˹ǰȻ󻺻ֳΣͦտʴԵģһ˫ƺ޾Ǻ
һ˵Ĵˡ
ͬܵǵı˰˳űӦڸԭĻĲ֪ʲôԭͻȻڵݹ٣
ϾԭһǺϲֵȼ齵ٵʲôҪ顣
ĲûбأŹƺͱ˰͡
˴ǰΪ£Ϊŵˡ
ǸΪİ
*
۵ʱ֪˶ãһͷһߵһһһ
ƺͱ˰ʶһλͲôϤˡ
λȴϵ˫ǺԵĸӵζ
ˡ
ĸס
λǿңԶļǸ׵СЦůĻȡ
Щ󣬿˹ƺͱ˰õĵŻָƽ
ǡ
ΨһܹľλǺǿ飬ʲôСŻڵС
ǻġ
ָ˼䣬ȻҲǵԼʱĸ׽ڻʱǸĹ¡Ǹе飬־ǻġ
ǻΪʲô
ĲԣҲʲô˵Ը񣬲ϵİȻ˲ĵ
ֻ㣬뷨¡
ΪѾעˡ
˫۾һϣ˫۾￴Ǻֺ񿴵δ
ָоֻһţܿڻתߺʧˡ
*
뿪ˣʱһѸٶͻأһ䲻ײ岻Ļ뿪ˣֻһԭ
ڵص㲢ǻµǾģĻڻ뿪Ƶ˹ƺͱ˰Ѿȥ˶á
ܲҵϢǣھصʱѾ졣
Ԥϵ޲ҵԸǺεȵĿŭϾ޹ʶһ˵Ѿǵڶˡ
ոջָͷԻʹ˲ôˣԼҪϽȥȻ˭֪޲һ᲻ʲôҪǣԵһڹɱӵ
ҴææһԼҵֻüͱ˰͹˼̵ĵ׼뿪뿪ǰƽס
ɱ˼ҵĶµ޷档
ǰʾֻ㣬Ψһ⡣
˲һ˿ãȻǿŹ黹ǵ˵ͷ
֪ˣƴˡ
˰᲻õתҲֻͷһǡ
һ·ƽ
˰˵


62 
ʧµڶͱˣҲûʲôģλдˡ£֡
ߵ̫æʲôҲûжʤΪϾͻ벻һ춼ûг֡
ʤĥŻǳʲô£صѻϢȥ˲ݷҡ
ѻɵݷҵʱݷԵһһҲ࣬˶ǻԸһһֻƽ졣
Ȼ֪ԵһɱӵĻ᲻󣬵Ǽ̹Եһ츳ʵǿʺɱһ㣬òݷ޷Եһ֮ġ
յ̽ʧܸˡ
ңԶʺȻѻȻֱ˹ɱӵԺ˲ݷյǰѻԼëȻУ
ϢòݷյıԻůǺܿѻĻЩɫ
Ϊѻų˵£뿪δ飡
˳˱ʤȥûбˣݷʶؿߵԵһȻԵһ֮ԭĮ΢΢仯漴һĬ
¾ֻ£Եһ㲻̫ġ
ݷοԵһԵһɫҲ֪ȥ˶١
Ȼҹ֮ʱԵһ㱳ССҳ˹ɱӵĴųϷȥˣǸͨķλ
ֹ𣿡
̴ӹڲݷյѯʡ
ݷֻϸϸƷһڲ裬ֹҲûõġ
˵ݷջЩʧЦԵһѾڹɱƥеĽ˵ֹҲֹ˰
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񵱳Եһǿɫܳ˼̹һԵһٴܳ˲ݷҵš
Щͬģ뿪̹ҵʱԵһûĿģûзֻŴûоõɡ
ʱ޾ӱڿҰеսϣεĳҲϴһûзԵһԼεĿĵء
߲ݵıܶԳ˵ǲɵ񣬵Եһ˵׾ٵһȻ顣
ڣƽһչ£ںڰ֮Եһܵ˾
վڸߴĳ֮ǰССԴͷޱӴַСĳǽȻŲŲ˽ȥ
ΪʷĳдŻӵζʹɫѰϵɴϢûڽϵͷɢҴŲЬСк
Եһµٶһڽţ̫ˣʱ̹ڵСǳؾȻһ㽫ССû
Щȣ߬ԼϵĺͷȥǰٻͼݣĿžһӿȥҲ
ԵһԴһ֯ĽŲŲӣԼĸףĸΪ뿪ôأ
ԵɵʧԵһĵ׻֣̿ȻԲûнָоֳʵϵֻԵһ֪
Ǳ̲ס롣
ΪʲôҪܵůѸٵĳȥأ
ԵһԼ۽ǣоЩɬʹ
ָо˵Ҳİĸ֮Ҳйָо̫С˲ʲôǱˣĮĸû취ȻҲ֪ʲô
Եһ
ǰԶȻϤ
ԵһãȻ̧ͷվڵƻɺĿ¶ɻ
ԵĸоȻһйڣ޷˵ί̵ĺˮ籡ת˲֮ϯԵһࡣ
µĲʼСģ߹ȥȻٶȲϼӿ첽ҲĴˣԵһɱȥȻ˰ڵϵĻ
硣ԵһСػ֣
ʼһ˲㱵ģʼûзӦΪԼۻˡǳ֮̽ԵһɱʵС
ǸԵһ
ԵһͷС˵Ժ󲻻ˡ
ԵһķԺļ䷭ӿϴɫָӣѾʧʱеļ̹ԵЩʧЦ
û뵽ǰһ֮ԾȻһַʽʵˡ
˵ǰɣԵ
*
ڻݵ·ԵһǣԵһȥݣƣһԵһ˯ˡ
ʤΪԵһͱȥע
˵ĸоƺе仯Ǿʲô仯˵
ȥˣʤ̽ʣҲûشȵȻЦЦ˵˳
ȥһ˵
ʤգգûţΪ׽ŪϾǸ˶һ˶˵ȥһ˵ΪȥˣֻΪЦ
ȻЦóʤȵˡ
ΪֲῪЦԸ񡣡ʤԼ°˵˿ڴʹһ
㲢˽ңô֪ʲôԸ񡣡ųʤЦЦ
еıӽˮһһ⡣
ȥʤЩͷԣĹȻѾɱ˾ûҹѲıҪˣοಢûдֵҲҹѲӡ
Լ½ǣ¶һЦ
ѵĽͣ͵Ҳˡ
ȥһˡ
ʤҪʲô˵ʱѾͷҲصسӣ촽΢Ǿ仰紵ʧ˷С
ȥһˡ
*
޲ңȻŪ⻰˵ͦԡ
ǰ޲˲κ˿϶ҲûڴӦԶҲûĵЦ
˭õy޲˾Ȼôãһ꣬˹ʼ˻˼ô¡
˵ʲôǹy޲
˴ûʡһġ
ߵʱݵſŹϵĺ޲Ҳ浽ֵطøең˳ЦһЦżԳ
ʱݵϰ￴񿴵˾ǣһûг֣޲ҵɫһһϰ޲ĳһͿƲסѪϴʱݡÿǧǰס޲ˣ̲סһƤ
ȥˡ˵õϰæĵͷ֮ͬŲƵȥ
޲ҲŶԡ
ߵǰû˵ţһƬ谵ֻгĴΪкһ¹⡣
û޲ҵӾסͷĴɱ޲ҡ
㣿
޲һΪǻʱݵͺû̧ͷȴʧյ
ЦҧܽѪҺסĺ䣬Ҫٲ־Ҫ⾩췭ظܲھ˼ʱװӶӲְɡ
ã뷨ûиʵˡ
޲ҿվſڵĽǶϵı顣
ȻվſڵˣŲһ߽Ҳ£һ޲ңԭӰеҲ
޲òԾǿıƺûʲôԡ
޲ҵǰ¶ǰһ޵ЦЦ޲΢ЩĻţüͷ֪ʲô㡣ȻԺһ˿ԣ˿޲Щ𾪣񶼴Щ̽
ڵϿűḴӵ޲ҡ
þòˡ˵˰ɣ޲Ҵˣ
Ǵⶳĺڡӣ֦ͷӣҹµľȸļӱˮ
޲ͫ𾪵طŴһ˲ΪԼĶ⣬ЦݸⲻǴ
ӳƫ˹޲ޱߴľķ
꣬ѾǵүӶ˵ĹϵλĲƽѾʧһϡ˼
ȻҲû𾴵˼ڣӻҪģ˵ĳν˵𾴲˵һЦ
ˡ
޲ңļ˵ıϢƺһĿ޲۵ȼŵܵһȴƽ׵ĺ
޲ҾԼ߿ƺԼƿʼ
۶ãƺǻһһĿѣԡ
Ϊ˵ʲôڴΪĻָʼϲ޲̰ĺǹɲ֪ʲôζζ˫ͨ˵ָʼͫҰޡ
ˡ
ŮװŮʲô𣿡
޲һ˲ûعʶķʣʲô
仰ʳ֮޲ҲʶڵԼƺŮԵ̬ɫһ˲ࡣ
޲ҧһһ˵ұ죡
ʼ𵱳Լѡˡ


63 
޲Ůװܺÿ
׼ȷ˵Ƿǳÿ
⻨ֵƯŮǧǧ򣬷Ҳ಻һСұԼҲи߰ޡûκһܱȵ޲ҵơ
İƲǵڻ־ģĻ߰Ҳǿųαװһ顣
޲ҵȻʲôֵֹãҪ˵ҪΪҲᴩŮװΪῴһŮװ
̸صȻʲôŮװŮװ⣬λָԲҪġ
޲ǰ濪ʼ𽥱ȫӣ屻һһ¸˱ΪŮԺݵ壬ܹ޲ڵĹײ
еʶ޲Һ͹ȥһˣǵЦȥģҲ˵ĳ
ڣ˶˹Ҳ֪ɺϻע
ڲϵһ軹Ụ̋ˮƮǶᵽ˵΢Ĳ㣬ƮŶ޲ȥüеĳ
뵽λΪĵµĻ
뷨¡
ʲôʲô˼
ɱ˹y޲ҲûϵǶѾעõģԼʼ޲ӿɱѾȴ
ֵûȻҲΪɱy޲ҡ
ԼڲݷʱնЩЦǰݷļȴŲݷҵֵնɱ
ǹȥѾȥ֪תֻ˶ֲܱ꣬ȥ
޲걻ݷǧٳСүȴԼļ׷ɱϢ˵һٵЦ
ˡ޲ңǻû˵ͱ޲Ҵֱشˡ
ҪС޲šüͷԭĳνоģԼʱǶΰյʱ⡣
޲ҡ޲ԭǿģֺЩ˼һ΢ƫЩ޲Ұɡ
㶣޲̴ظ˳ƺ
ˡ̾һڻǿƺʲôûС
޲ңôأ
ֻ³򣬵޲һլ֮еү˼ԶĹ֮ʼء
Ǳ˰
ݷ˵Ǹˣҩ޲ҷ˿񣬾Ų񵶿ԼҽеŮӡ
űӵһΣ״ɵرӾ䵽˵ϹµµתһȦ̵ˮһء
֪ˣ
޲ԭصĶǵЦҲó
ԡΪ˰
˰ȡˣҲûЧãȻ;Դ˰֮ɫ˰Ǳ˰ɫ˰մ;ӵԩԹ
ǲͬ
һԻ׹ǣһ˳ΪյĹ
Ҫ𣿻Ǹùֱ˰
Ҫ˵˭Ҳ֣
ûҲɹ
𡣡̧޲ңΪʳĹҪ˵ҲΡ
´ˣ񵱳Ϊ޲Ӳһ޲ӾǺ֪ܲԼ˹֮޲ֻһ˲ͺܿٶȽԼı仯ﻹЩϲ
ȻΪ޷ʼԽܡ
㱻ɱ׷ϱ߳ΪΣĨɱ޲ҵǿ˥ϣ֮ᣬЩѴ˳ߵµһѰ׹ǡ
ǻҪø㣬ϵ
޲޳ָô棬̬֮侹Ȼ¶Щ⡣
ҸøлŶԡ
ڵϵıӣһʱ֮侹ֱ֪顣
ǣҽͻء
ʡ
޹ġ
ûҲͰˣһֻôж޹֮ΪĴȥͻоϢһʹࡣ
ġ
Ҳ޲ʼͲû
ʲô޲һûӦʶһ¶ȻıǸֺ̬ȻĮ
ûκңҲȻİɣ
޲ҳ̽ӣȻס°ֱԼ˫ɺմ޹֮Ѫ˫ֱۡҲ˿Σûҽκ޷ҽ˵ȷϧСûɱҽתѾʴˡ
ǳ綼ģֻǰ˶ѡ
ǶôĮ̵ĻҲȷ޲ܹ˵Ļ
Ȱֱ޲ҵ˫ۣ޲Խܵ־Ȼ
˵ˣ޲һǶԼͶԱ˫ر׼ˡ
˶ҡ
ŶûӦƵӦһ޲ұĦ⻬°ּͣ˵һġ
ԡ֪ɫ˰Ϣ𡣡
û޲Ц
ô֪أҲûҵɫ˰ô֪أ
ʵȻ֪ģֻҪٵİٶ˰Ļͻ³һɫ˰ϢΪʲôҪ޲ҡ
ֲɵ
ҡֲҪɫ˰
ЦЦڳϸһʲôûС
޲ΪԼðˣʹҪٺˣȻȻΪǵΪĵӶˡ
ȴȫ˵˵ʸϿԼûӵйĶΪʺϣΨһֵ׵ĵλѾڣڵƽȵġ
޲ҵ֣ƫִ
㲻֪ҲûϵǿһѰң

һ裬ҲȺĻҪõöࡣ
ȴס޲󣬴Ųݾܾ޲ҵ
벻Ҫˣ޲ҡ
չü¶öЦѾûйϵˡ
߳ӣǻûͱ޲ϳʮѪɫĳסȥ·ѪɫĳϲҰ׵ĹǴ̾һذ׿׾ٵظ˵ĺ
ȥ޲ѹŭ֪͹ɱǣʱѹеŭֻʧ仰οԼѾָ˼ȴҪ뿪ȫ޷޲ұ˽ܡ
ҵġҲȥ
޲ҵ޲һŵѪɫޣĹǴ̴ģȵѪ˳˿ԴԴϵմ޲ϳĳϱǳ޾ɡ
޲һȻо˴Լﳤĳ޴Ѫζ
ջζ㹻й
޲ҡ
ǳƫͷ޲˵ûЦҲϵ˿ۣ䵭˵һ򵥴ֱ֪ͨ
Ҳ㣬ֻԼ
Ҳϲ㶮𣿡
޲ҲִİԼݲð˵죬Ҫ뿪ҲС
ԭֻ赲ȥŲĳѸٵĲ֫һԭϵĵ̶ȥˡ޲ҰҲû
ҲǾҲûá
أ
޲ҺȻʡ
*
̧ͷ޲ңΪԼˣǿ޲ҵıֲڿЦ
˵ʲô޲ҶԷ磬ֻһϵЦֱ˺޸عʽģ塣
һҲ˵Ļ
ȷʱ䵹˻ǰ޲ҾҲԼ˵Ļڲһˡ
Ľŵ޲ߵϣ޲ִ촽ԭһͫױΪҰһͫͬҰ޲ʳʱ̰
޲һ촽
㣬᲻á
޲ֻҪͲ˵Ҫ뿪ҵֹˣҳԲ㡣
ཻɵݼĲҺ޲ҵܹתΪѪ
ȻһΪɡ
ֻǰƷҲ㹻ˡ


64 
޲Ҳ֪ԼѪûá
ϾֻɹûԹ֡
һͷͷһ߿ŲԼҧƵ˿ѪԴԴϵش˿ֲϵ롣
ᷴ׼ûʲôӦʹü۱سǣȵ¶ȡ
ĺ񱻷ֳ룬һΪ޲һȴڽǴġ
Ϊ䣬Ӧ޲ɱΪȴΪ޲ҵĻҡ
ȼҡҷͺͻഥٲ졣Ƶ⽫˵İһڹһںڰ

޲ҶסĴʲ˹ѪҺ˳˳޲Ҿòˣǲ˿ϵٶȣ˲Ϣ֮ǻﱻҧƵ˿ھ˷·֮ǰûڹֻŨŨѪζ͸¶һڹĺۼ
޲ҵ컺뿪Ĵɺ΢´ź޷ѹµЩԣղǵѾʧȥ˴˼Ŀڿ˳µѪ޲Ŀ΢ܲסջ󻺻ȥЩѪ
һ˿ѪҺȥ޲̧ö۾Ǵͬҹһ貣Ǳ޲ҾһƳ¿ʺ졣
ԼճѪƵɫĺ֦ϵĺ÷͸Ĺ⡣
Ȼĵ̾˿
ˣǺαأվý޲ҵЩԾǸ˹
֪Ѿ֣ѪҺǲõġ
˵Ϊ˵ı仯ͱ˰أ޲ҵѪ˵һϣЩղܵϡ
Ǻܺ棬һ޲ҵʱ޲ҷ·һƶѪأǹζȥأ
ν޲ߵЦ
ܱɹܺã䲻ҲνֻҪѪͻеѪҺڷڡ
ĲҲ
ҧȥʲôأ
ĵش޲ң޲ϵŮװûĿ˳¶ǿȥһ۱Ƽ˲޲ƤеĻ֮
ƬǶ޲ҵƤŲϹ⡣
Ŀһ޲ԭסĳޱ׾ٵѿ˳޲ҳھ˽ȥָͲҰ׵ļഥѸٵƬĻ֮ƬȻݺݵؽǿƬ

ûüΪԼеȣһƤⱻ˺ʹ޲üΪ֮ʼǿֺܿ콫Ǵ˿ڻָԭ״
˭ġ
ʧȥʼĵ΢ЦĿ¶Щζ
ֶ˵ĶΪʲô޲ҵϳ֡
Ļ֮ǷĿֲӣû޲ϾȻҲⶫ
ɱһ֡޲ҿմѪƬüͷ˵ùġ
⣬ȴؽ鲻֪ʲôƬϣƬǶڡΪⶫ񻹸˲С޲õԽİãֻڿ⸱ƺʲôö
ղŽŵ˲䱻ϹƬƣȡĻ֮Ƭٴŵ޲ǹŨѪҺζ
߬еĻ֮񣬷վ
ⶫš޲ЦЦյĴӴӷ϶¶ЩĹˡ
΢峿ȸС
޲ҵĸҪͷ΢Щˬ
װϿʲôȻ޲¶Ц߽
ˡ
޲ᣬȻ˵һ䣺ǼЩ
ϵѪζ̫Ũˡ
޲ϵıˡ
סʱѸ뿪ӣ޲ԶԶ˦
û߶Զƾõ޲ѹŵŭĵͺ

*
鲻˻ʱڽϣƺ޲ѪҺζ
̲סԼ촽ƺܸо޲ҴĴУ˵ص뷨ƫ˺Զ޲һԺٴ޲µʱˡ
ڴһ㲻ᡣ
޲ұǰҪȤĶ࣬ƺЩϧ
ԼĴЦЦ
ٵȼɡ
ٵȼ죬޲Ҵˡ
ȥɡ
*
صݵʱãʤѾԵƵسŵģǰŴűĸ첲
ˣ
ʤ͵͵ȥˣЩҵŻ΢ĴһֻõԼ°ͣʤ¶ȻЦ
ûС˹ò
ʤϻʵԼҲʲô
װģǺܶһ
죬ʲôû
ѹĵֻͣóʤһõǲʲôû˵ֻǽӸǶѣȻʲôġ
Ŷ
ʤ˵滰ǼٻﻹЩʧ䡣
ûгԵϾǺʧ䡣
Եһ˯𣿡ľԵࡣ
õʤ϶Ļشһʤ߽Եһ˯ӣԵһ˯ڱ˵̲סĳ
ǰûʲôֵģΨһźûټԼļˡڻãԵһûѪԵϵҲֵϧļˡ
ָͷ˲ԵһԵһ¶ԵһͷǷһ̥ǡ
Եһ˵Լ׷ܳ˼ţ˵ǱԼų²ŻҳߣǰǸЦһˣ̲סǰԵһ˶Աȡ
˹ˣԵˣΪʲôԵһҡ
ãԵһûᡣ
ԵһĴԵһĺ󱳣Ȼ󻺻رۡ
ԵȻԵһɡ
*
۾ûԵһˣһ۾ͿȻŷԼƺǱ§ڻӡ
Եһ˹ԼЩ˼ĻȸԾȴˡ
죬Ҳһ۰ĺӡ
Եһĵسߴ˴գԼСס䣬ϵζһϸ΢Ļȡ
ΪԼСŵʵû˯ţ۾ҲܸоԵһСȵˡ
§Եһĸ첲ʹͰԵһ˻۾ԵһЦ
Եһȥɡ
Եһûӱץ״̬лعֻʶص˵ͷȻ̵ĺ
á
硣
*
ãﻹЩӡ
û뵽ôãǻͲݷҳϹϵȻͲݷҵĶԹԹѾûʱĺڵĲݷҲûʲôУȻҲ˵ʲôøУݻˡ
ϾܵõΪʲôҪޡ
Ŀ䵽ϵİĺϣԥƬ̻Ǵϡ
ıģͦϲ
ֵĺܣΪնɱ޲ھҲָ˼ƽȻľһһȵĵ䡣
ΪպͲƸ񣬷һֱǾΪʢĵط洣ųɰǧɫӣųһֱͨɽɽԶԶȥ·Ǵɽһɫĳ
ûȥ޲ң˵֪޲ҰոŸھ棬ϾҪϳ޲ҿ϶ĻûȤˡ
ʤϴ˻ʼįĸܳĻ˵ȥԼϾҪùˡǾĺܣһҲ֮ǰϾҪӡ
ô𣿡ǣԵһŴ첲ǰڿĳʤ
һ·ϣ֪жٹ͵͵ųʤˡ
ɱˣ
ʤ¶صӣ۾ﶼ˼ֺֿζι˵
һǴʿѾ׼Һú
ڳʤͷϵѻ˼ȻͷԼĳĳʤͷһĻһ߽ţ
ʤ˸һõֱۻӸѻ
øڳʤ̫ŲŲԵһ˳ʤ߰Զװʶӡ
ԵһԺҪͱ档
ԵһԴ˵ԵһϸĽͣǳʤġ
ԵһƶǶʶصͷ


65 
뵾ԽյζԽŨ
ԭͼСҲɫֽӶɵĳ죬ΪʹԵͶΪ
չΪسԷͨΪõԼ˺ͨȻձνİ˰󲿷ֶԸǵȴȻҪһҰСҪǿĶࡣҲΪķ˺صĹϵ
ɫԽԽտ𽥱ٺϼǣǽϵ˲ٷȴһĵһԭͱϦҫɺɫĽֵԽů
ԵһûĺӸеĻãڽϲ֪жٺЦܹﻹƯķ糵߽ƽǣԵһЩȴûʲôӦ
ߵĺ֪ܹ˶٣ŷֳôԵһƺûҪʲô
ͷߵԵһԵһһжûʲôӦĿǰߵ˶Щ롣
ԵһһԵһ֡
췢С̧ͷߵֱֳ߹ĺڷҡҡڰڣԵһ۾ĹҲ
ôˣ磿
Եһ벻ԣ뵽ԵһԸʲôҪû˵ʲôֻԵһͷ
߰ɡָָԶΧСӵС̯ϳԵһ¶һЦԽƽǣԵһȥɣ
ԵһԴûʲôư˹յС˼ΪԽƽǣֻ˻ͬˡ
ûע⵽Χƽǵ̯ǰǺĺӣҲпע⵽˵Լû롣
ĺȻϲǻֻЦĺȴõĹעͳ谮
ߵС̯ǰԶͣ˽ŲƽԵһ¶Ϊѵɫ
ǹĶǺӣȥе㺦ߣԵһȥɣ
ˣαװĺۼôЩ꾫Խ¯ݼƭһԵһҲǴ´ࡣ
Եһˣ˿Ǳ߱ӰΧСֿ̯ǰһΪѵĸ磬۾¶ɻ̫Ϊʲôȥƽǻ᲻˼ĿٴתǸС̯ԵһЩǰûкôĺӾһȸоľǲϰߣСҪ޹ʹҲֻԥһ˲ͬˡ
ܰȻֻСµȻԵһоһЩɾ͸С
áԵһ˵ͷ
üЦְһͭǮԵһСڴ
ʧǰϸĹӣǮıʲôҪǳֺ˵пޣȥ۱˲٣ԽǮҲûʲôˡ
ôͭǮ㹻ԵһϵĶ顣
ԵһأСڴ˼ҳȻԼֳ̹ʤԽĸ׵ıӻҲʳǣǮֶǵķΧ֮ڡ֮ܳ˼ֱ̹ӲоǮķա
С˵Եһ˵޿СͭǮײߵƽǵС̯ǰԵһΪӸߣһŵİܲͷȻǺȺһ
ԵһıӰԵһŤͷʱֳ̧˻ӡ
һݽƽǡԵһ̧ͷϸԼСöͭǮͷŵСС̯ϡ
һСǮСһŴǴ˼ҵСүŻô󵨵İǮ¶
ɹܶˡСҲûʲôƭСǮĻ˼ЦǮԵһ˵Сһ£Ȱ˵װвУ
Եһпޣ˵һ䣺áȻ󻹵˵ͷ˵һԡ
ߵСӿԵһСǮĽ
ҲҪôǮ
*
кüķ˽ƾõ߰˰˴˵Եһۡ
ǺӸð
԰ҼҺӸӲߣҳˡ
Ҳÿأ
䶯˶ȻϲԵȴɡ
Ǽ֪ʱԵһģСߵǰĴ
ƯݸҲȻǸк񣬵һ˸һĸأ
Ưйͬġ
ǸкֳɣļߵָŹԹŶӵԵһʡ
ЩЦЦ˵һǡ
谵Ĺһ˵ֵҪ۵ģǰƯĻۣȻӶ/ˣȻӰ츾ԡ
ϡ˵̾ߵǰĿĿɲΪ˿
ҵܸܵôôأҲ׳ʵ
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أ
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ҲʵЩ£ԵһӳĸߺûʲôϵԵһǷԵһû˵Ҳܽĳ
ԵһСǲͬģ˭ҵСܲԲȲ߲ݵرһ죿
Ҳ̫һΪѵӣȷʵĵܵû໴ӤȴѾ͵ݷѧôһõˣԵһԵһȴʡĵĺûһ㺢Ӹеԡ
Զ˵ӵľûУѱy޲ҡľ鵹Ǻܷḻ
鶼û⡣
žǶ˶ԷҪɣԥԥ˵ԵһӲʳϲϰһ񵶽ʹó뻯
ˣҵϲǾϰ
¶һȻɫԼҺһԷʱͶ㣬ˣӣоԼ˺Ӹӳߵɡ
Լ֪޾һӵºͼ̸Цĺܡ
ĳȺ޲ͲǺˣõ˿˿ŭ
Եһ˽ƽǣһͭһޣѹӱڻСŵߡ
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ԵһװŽƽǾٸ߸߷ǰǡ
ΪԣԼٸûʲô鵫۾ȴζ
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ллԵһԵһ
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ԵһˣŹӵֽ˽ҡҡͷ
һƽǵûзŵԼһתֱӷŵԵһߡ
Եһûֱӱһƽǣģܿڻˡ
ó𣿡ԵһӹװŽƽǵСӣԵһЦЦ
ԵһĹͱСˣ˵Сķͦ㡣
ﻹЩζԵһȻ˵ͷ
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Ůھ裬лŵ巢赸Ҳÿӵվ̨¿ŵŮ赸
̫עǣԵһȥ˰ݵ
ûʲôԸֻϣԵһܽĳ󣬲Ҳ鵾ҲǴո֡Ͼɲ˼ôֻ
ݵΧ˺ܶ࣬ǴŲˣΪ˽ӲԴĵҪմҪҪĶࡣ
Ⱥһȴۡ
޲ңʽͷϻźڵ׵ĺ棬ߴŹ̶ߵĺߣ˺Ŀԡ
ΪǵӣϴŸʽĺ棬޲Ҵ⸱Ҳͻأ
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ŵĺֵײĺ棬û
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£ŹĽƽַԵһ
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Եһﰼ͹ƽĽƽǣųߵĸԡ
֪ΪʲôоǸźߵƺ񶼴絶һĵ⡣
ԵһЩֽ˼֡
ˣô𣿡
޲ǹ޵Цߵﶼء
ﶼ˴̣ġ
޲ˣԺǹԵһӲ
˵أ޲ҷʣŭ
ǵ˵Ǽܻ̲סԼǲǼǲĺܲ
ˣѰ˼ǲŻ˵
ⶫܺ˼룬ԽԽ޲ҲûԼˡ
ЦЦ˵ԵһԴߣȴ޲Ҷס·
޲۾´ǰԵһԵһҲ
Եһ˹ŹŹֹ֣һϲϢǿӺ͸ϤȻ˵ĻǹſҲǺϤġ
ͻԵһȻȻؿ޲ڵ
ԵһʶĽסңսˣԭƽĮ˾衣
ǰ֪òˣԣ߿ࡣ
Ͳˡ
Եһ㶯޲ֻİˣҲ벻Եһһ۾ͿĲԾ
޲ҿԵһке죬벻˭
Ļ֪ǰ췢кĵܵܡ
ܵܣ
ûеܵ޲һ֪𣿾УڼǰҲѾһѰ׹ǡͻȻðһܵܣⲻǷƨ
޲ǰ־ٶ͸¶Լ˵Ų³á
޲ҿԵһ˼־Ӹµİ
ǸƷѡֵ⡣
޲İõ룬СأҲһˣһ޲ﲻǹ̡
һֱߵģбˡ
ŵ޲ңԵһִһЩ
Եһǲ⣿


66 
ڲõĽ֮£⼸յĻԵһ޲˵ǲĥĺʷ޲μʹʧʱĺ֮С
ԵһδɳΪս컨壬޲һûԵһPTSDĴںܺõҴһֹƽ״̬
ԵһȻʼ޲ڹĴԺĿһ˲ľȵԼĸ绹ϡеĴǾͺܿ侲
͸һʲôҲ˵
ŵԵһҲԶ޲û̫춨޵֮˴Ե״̬޲ҵԡ
Եһ׷ûʲô̫жȣԸ˵˼ԵĮȻʹǹy޲ּҵͶ˵İϷԵһҲǿһڷ
޲һһֱǹ޵޲˶ʳûʲôϲΪʲôʳߡ
ͷ޲Ϸǵûʲôȵ㣬ʮ־㤡
ԵһӸ߳ƯСˣС˵ϲʶǴҪģô棬ûôͬദԵһ޴룬ߵʱƵƵͷ
վ³Եһӻ֣ġ
ӰӰӰ´µӰԵһģˡ
ԵһıӰüĿͣ˿
һߵ޲Ҳˬߣ˵𻰶ǸƷôʲô
ԭԵһЦݶˣתͷ޲ҵʣ˵ʲô
˿֪Լĵϵ޲һֺܲԼ˵ĺеԵһĪԽС
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ûֵȻĻỳԼ̲סڹy޲ҵϻôƯûԼͲݲˡ
޲ûȵӦΪû壬Ǽǿ
ļڼǰˡ޲Ỻһ˫ӺͿƣӦʶŶԣʲôá
ץɵֽ˽Ƥ
ûаԵһƷ˵Ӳ֪޲ôϲڱʹ㴦̤¶һȻ޹ӡ
޲Ĳ죬֮໹һ˿˿ջ
ȫԼҲԼ
ˣ޲סĸ첲΢΢ͷ粻΢߳һ㡣
Ϊʲô
޲ƫͷƻ±ǰΧ޴Եһ
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ҵӦҵļˡ
޲ҵ˵仰뿪ǰȥһ˵£ʱܾˡΪʶᱻļ˶ߣֿܲԡȻѾôأѪԵļҲС
ڿ׽۰һ޹ϵСԼļˡ
Ѿˡ
֪һ죬ҾӦҵǰǱɹ㻹ļˡ
ϵЦݽӲʯ壬֪޲ûӻǸǸ߸Ϲûһζ
Ӧ߶УûҲûζ
ļҵɹ޲һֱɱǡ
޲ǶԼ裬޲ȴΪԼĶ͡

޲ҵԻ·ֱǳ˿ɼ
Ѿȥ޲˵Ļˣַס޲ҵ֣߬޲ҵֺܽӦ㹻ѹͷҪˣʵҲȷʵ޲ҵĹͷҪˣ޲ȻϵĿ쵫ҲûʹС
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޲ϵıЩŤעѹ࣬ǼʹҲڸǲ޲Ŀŭ
ʩʩȻطſ֣޲ңҲоʹ
̧ͷɫ۾ﵹӳϵԲ£ԭȴű޻ƵĹ⣬ȻֵĻȣôһ˿ĸڡ
Ϊʹоء
޲ʹ𣬵Ȼˡ
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ģʼĺ龰ġ
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ˡ
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ҹҪˣССĺӶԼĸĸŻ˼ңԵһҲŻص߱סԼ֡
ûǸֵֹԵһЩɻҿ˿ҲûǸ˵ĺۼ
ԵһʲôأʤЦضӿԵһ
Եһҡҡͷ˵˾䣺û¡
Ǹ˵ӦܵģΪ翴ȥ̸ȻҲҪ˵Ϊá
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Եһʱڴ߰뿿ǽϿŴķ羰ʵҲûʲôÿģֻȼᲱ֦ͷԾȸ
עҲǲķ羰ϣŪǰĺɫ棬ͷ֪ʲô
ԵһûдԼԹԵػ·ӣ˾͹ߡ
𣿡ԵһͷЦ
ġ
ɿеİɫﶼҪתˡ
磬Ϊ˲𣿡
Եһ˴۾ġ΢ЦģȴǺϱֳ֡
תߵͣôã
ԵһãȻһ˲ָָĺ档
һһߡ
ˣڷ޲Ҿˮµĵҹ޲ڽ˺໥ӣɺҲˡ
ȻȤְѺԵһϡ
ǺеԵһСȥʺϻֻС
ŹԵһҡҡ׹ߺȻЦˣЦĴᶼ۽߳
Եһɰ
ȻпһԵһ˻ȻԵһ˵һ䣺Բ𡣡
ԵһǸȻԵһ֪Ϊʲô
ڻԵһ˶Դ첲ҲȻѧżĸ׺ĸļ
ԵһҸ߰ɣ
ɿ˻ԵһȻԵһĶͷһǡ
ԵһҸһһ޶߰ɣ
á


67 
˵ݽ˹߾ͿʼΪԵһߡ
Ե࣬еѾһΣľмµһصľмȻǵһʼЩ֮Ķȴ
Եһߣϵľ쵹ڵûаСһ޽ƽǡԵһһŽԼССĽƽڻ˿˿ζ
ֻܵĻǲõģԵһƽǴյ۾¶΢Ц
磬ǡ
ʶſһͽԼ
ζ̲ס¶Ц
ллԵһ
ͣеĶԵһȥԵһͷ뵽ԼϻľмֻǰѶͷȥ˲䡣
ǸܺõķɵĻƽûгãʤŲ˽
֪𣿡
ʤʱݵˮ£뿪ˡ
һ˲ָֺܿ򶨣Ķֻͣš
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޲ҼڻȥҪǲʲô˵ˡ
ʤԻˣץץԼͷȻһƨߡ
ҴҪعɱˡʤǲ˵һ䡣
ûʲôӦгεߴյԵһƣȷС֮ʼϵĶ
ιʤЩԹغ¾ҪôĮ
ƫͷƳһ۳ʤ˹˵ʲôӦ
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Ϊ̫ɳ£־ٶóʤΪˡ
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Ϊζŵйȡ
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ͨɴĵ·ͲջΪҪŵٺŮһ··;ԽԵӵ
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һ˿ɫʯͷ̳ɵĺһţ貣Ĵ˿û˿ǽͨǿİɡ
ٴϸһǸĺƫתԴգգ۾
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˪βͬһĽƣԳΪڣҹΪ£ȹҡҷֻ̲סݷ֮⡣

ڰɫĺڻԻ͵ĴҴܣеܵͽϥϱϹ⻬ƤëǻĴһֱעĺ𣿡
ңԶʱտͽ¶һǳЦ⡣
Ǹɰĺء
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ûɡС˵Ҳûʲô󰭣ֲͨΪһð
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ˮ䵽ϣһ𽥻㼯ԽԽ࣬Ȼջ䵽°γһҡҡ׹ˮ顣
Ȼûˣɫ磬վͷһֽɡ
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68 
ΪʲôûУ
˵仰y޲Ҿ¶һ˱˵ɫʵǸʵʵֻһ׵ĺӡ
ᡣ

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ҹҩãԺ޲Ұҩ˽ȥ޲ҶͷЩ̣˵ĻҲԺʱȴɵĿɰ
һһҩԼϲҲüͷҩȥ˵ɬҩ֭ȴʵĺһһ˽ȥ
ʱڴ޲Եɵɵؿ컨壬ֻܰһ̨͵ȼůȻĹ⡣
޲Ұƹյķ
Уһһ˺ü

ûüѶʰþȵ޲ҵߣˡ
޲ۣĿһʼǿɢģȻһ۲ſ
ûϳ
ֻظһΣˣڡ
޲ĭЩ࣬üͷ
޲ҵ֣Ǹ
֪޲ΪʲôǸʶطʣʲô
޲Ҽ˵ҲӦô򿪴
ҲӦýˮ
޲Ǳ纮ɵ˲ɣǺܿ޲ҵһ仰ˡ
ˣܡ
Ҳ֪ܡ
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̾˿͵ƴ޲ҵĴ߱۾뿪޲Ҳأǰ̫õҹŲס˯ˡ
ڰֻκ޲ţҲֻǰΰѡ
ϤϤĶ޲ҳӴˣȻ󻺻شսĴƮƮǡ
޲Ҿɽ˱
Ȼ˺硣
˵ĵһǡ
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̽ؿ޲ҵ۾Ҫпһ˿νǸ⣬Ǻܿϧûп
Ϊ޲ҲûоԼˣĵǸҲۺϿ֮ΪԼȡ׽õķ
ֻҪ˵˶ԲӦþͻԭ˰ɣ
ǵǸҪʵеģûĵǸֻ˸ӷŭ
Ѿ͸޲ҵıԣ޲ƮƮصǸûʲôĸд˵֮УҪ޲ĶúԼĴᵮЩôôƽ
ΪʲôǸأˡ
Цӯӯϸ۲죬ܷ˫貵ĺͫвûһ˿õĹʡ
޲һ˲ҧгݵػ³Եһ֡
ҡûҪΪһС
޲ҾԼڼʣԼἵһСĿ˵һ֮Ǻ޲ð̻ĵˡ
춨޵УʱѾ࿴ˡ
Ȼ־޲ҾԼöľ仰˵Բ𶼲֪
㲢ûиΪʲô̾˿ֽ޲ұˮʪķ˿Ķ޲Ҷϸ
ˣֻҸ
޲ɫ΢䣬˵ʲô
ЦЦĿ޲ҵϣĵǸֻҸ
޲߬ɡֱˣľƸӳܲס޲ҵһظ޲ҲûдʱûԼ볣˵ĲͬɺҰһͫɡǷϵļָס
ˣǸ
޲ҵͺ˫к񶳽ĺ
̫𣿡
޲ҾûԼһ˲ŻԽĵôߣĲͬѾɱȻﻯΪһ̲Ѫˮˡ
ʱ޲¶ʱլ֮йСүԸˣҲã޲һ˷֡
ɲ޲ıӡ
Ȼǣˡǡ
ǣ޲ҡȻ˳ƺѾǹȥˡ
ָ֣޲λá
޲ҡѾǰˡ
޲ҵĿ⺬Σڿһƽƽˣһֿµĺһ޲ҡ
޲ңôǳȥأ
ˡ
ûʲôӦһֱ˳⣬ûʲô˾Ӧհ
ûеǲݣҡ
˵գָס޲ҵסǹָףջɣ⸱ӳҡУ±𣿡
ԭĿ꽥滺һС̧ͷգңԶѾһСƵȥ¶һ⡣
Ҫˡ
޲ң߰ɡ
޲ҿһľСˮӽһˮ޲ҵĴһǡ
ټ
ɿ޲ֱ֡
޲ɫ΢ͣһ˲Ȼת뿪ˡ
չһСӣ޲ҵӰѾʧˡ
վϣе΢΢һϱˮʪ·ͱøˬˡ
̧ͷңԶĹ⣬һɢȥԽԽֱƿǺصƲ㽫貵Ͷ˲ݵϡ
̫ˡ
۾⣬ȻЦ
ָͷá
ˣͻ̫ɡ
˵꣬תʯݵķȥˡ


69 
ҹѾˣ㷱׺ңԶʣ΢紵ǵ˼СԵʣﻹһЩʪԺĻˮʪڻĩβҡҡ׹һ¶ˮ
û˯ڹӺŻϸϸΪеɫһ͵ƽӰӳĸ
ԽɫΪҫ۵̫ٽٻһ֮ʱԵһ߾ˣ߰ϸϸͣȻص˵ͷֻΪʪԭԵһϵɵ̫ûǸĵȣԼߺܿˡ
Ϊǵһߵı߽ǻЩֲڣָĦ˰ȷ߲Եһо֮ŷġ
ߵ͵ƣ˲úⰵת̫ͨ˵ܵƬ̵谭Ƕ˵ʹںڰ֮Ҳڹ֮ء
źϣԼȥԵһͬסһݣѾ˯ˡ
ûн߷ԵһߣֶҴҴԵһıǡԵһ˯ƺܶЩŰ壬˫ֽڶϣǸԵһһֱ䰮Сӱð׳ŷߡ
ֻԵһϸ΢ĺ
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ðʱԵһˣᵽ˿ӯˮ˴¶ˮ䵽ϵӴԵһԼ۾ܿʹ״̬˹
ڴߣһССߣͷŴĻݡ
ˣԵһõԵһɵĵͷ
Եһ֣Եһɡ
ԵһԹԵؾ͹ˣûΪʲô
ԵһӴԵһȷûʲôֽǸƺõóϵŴͷϵߣɫʺѪƵġ
ߵݸԵһ˵һԣ
Եһɵ֣ĿǸɫߡ
ϲ𣿡ڴ߳°ͶԵһǵ΢ЦǳǳģʢһȪ
оԵһĳɣܿ¶һѹɫüͷ΢ѹĲ𣿡
Ȼ
ԵһǸڷƵߣֻҸ̫ãµĭһɢ
Եһҡҡͷ¶Ц
Һϲлл硣
ԵһԣȷСûʲôŰģԵһܱߣ˵˶ǵⲻûмֵһúõ
Լֳ̹ʤΪĴֲڵСӶúصΪͿ˽һ
Եһ߱ϣԵһȴ̫Ҫ߲ڻѹ²ǿǿӦߺúõķࡣ
ỵ𣬸磿
Եһͷʡ
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ģİɡ
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ǸӴֲڵĺܣԵһ￴Եʱ߽ЩĵطѾԵһù⻬࣬ôҲܴһֵӡ
ףӡó󰡡
ʤƼ¶һɻɫſҪ˵ЩʲôȴۼֿߵĻ˳ʤĶͷֹ˺仰ĳ֡
ʲôʤ죬ԼͷϱĻ׻еĵط¶һʹı顣
Ϊʲôȴõ
ԵһϵĵЦĿģųʤ˵Ӻܺÿɣ
ʤ
ÿÿ
ǳ鴤û˵ʲôԵһѾԹԵ˵ȥ뿪ǰֳҵ
˵Եһ˺ԼƵļ̹ʤ͸ԼʱǱ״ȴǴ΢ЦԵһЩ˸УȻԺܲټˣֳҵĶһҪúñġ
ǡ𣡡Եһ˵ĳʤȻҲ˼˵ЩʲôӳĻˣԵһ΢Цµ飺Ҫһ𣿡
ϲ˵ҲЩڴűӴ˴ð
ȷûԵһӣڿҲ١
ԵһûоܾԥνǸССĵӷԼİϴССף϶شһձΪһС
ǺĵӣǵԵһȴö϶˻Ǹȴıɭֲ
űӵֲûȣʤŲ裬ͷѾ̲ס˳
ĵСǵԹ
ȿȿȿȿȡ
ʤԼؿڣղǿڲˮǺסˡ
˵ЩʲôȴԵһݺݵһ֪ıԵһơ
ԵһáʤЦû˵ѣоڵѪ
Եһ۾ˣתͷõ϶¶һߵ΢Ц
һҪ𣿡
Եһ¶ԾԾԵɫڴӡ
ʤˣԵһĳʾֹԵһԳʤӶԵһԴ˵Ļʹɡ
ŰԺһ˴̶ĵһȸ
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ʤ뿪ʱѯǷҪȥɱӣǵõľܾҲûǿ󣬰뿪ˡͿտ˳ʤԾԽ
ټͥԺʲôƺЩĵģ˰˾ҪָԵһ
ȻΪֳȴˮڵϸΪԵһδһνԵһڵغĿĿſڵϵԵһԵһվ
ԵһûСһ˫ֳʯӵĵӵվﻹ񵶣˫ֽ񵶵ĽԵһӶֱ۳ȥ
ĽֻͣҪͿĿֵļ˶ѪҺٴӶԤгֵһжֲ츳ǼʱԵһԳɳû˻Ķ֡
ڵԵһվףʹĽ˶Ҫɫ࣬Ҳǿǿ
ž
񵶻Ӷʱž磬ԵһıǼӣӴԵһ޷սеĵײʹԵһе񵶾𶯣ԵһĻơ
ʩӵԽԽԵһûסеĵɣڿת񵶾ֱֱĵ˲ݵϡ
ԵһҪ𣿡񵶿վԼԵһԵһǱҲЩҡ
ԵһǿϾ඼ҪǿҲұ֤Եһ֮ԼǷܹٷְٻԵһ
ԵһͷϲͣðźվڵϴϢʹſֲΪûʲôôɫͳԵһԼĺҪ˿ٵĻָԼǷβ·һʹԼѾ˼ޣԵһǿûûǻ赹˵ϡ
ݵϢĳֽ˵ߣߵԵһ˻
ţһˮҷɡ
õݵŵĵͷͱԵһصӣͷԵһ£Եһ˵Щ̣ΪΪʹúɵģȻʲôǺԵһĽʹҲ֪⡣
ԵһˤڵʱմȾĳϻиղĥƵ˿ڡ
Եһ֣ΪƣԵһûѣֻ΢΢ŻбǼ³ȵĺʾԵһƣ
ҪԵһһȦֻֽԵһս΢΢ź˲Ϣ֮ЩϸС˿ھۿɼٶˡ
ݵŶһˮЦŽӹлȻ󽫰ײʪȥԵһԴϵĺˮ
ͷϽһİʾ
ԵһˣȵĲӻڣ˫ɵؿűſһ䡣
硣
ɤɳƣû˵ȥָסԵһ͡
˯ɣԵһ̫ˡ


70 
̵Եһһ˿ĵ¡
ΪֳԺ׾͸оԵһһδαеĲϳɳһŴֲڵԭʯһ㱻ĥԵһԼһ޶Ĺʡ
ǵӲףǽսѧϰ֪ʶڻͨһ㻯ԼĶ
һʼĺ޻ܹ֮ӦԣԵһѵʱҲ̶ʮա
Щ֮ҲʱʱţȴҲû֮ǰֻҪžͻ޲ҵˡ
׼ȷ˵Դһ޲Ҿûֹ֮໹Ѱҹ޲ҵټǲûз˿ĺۼ
Ҳ޲뿪ˣҲ޲ҷˡ
һֿܶڴģ˭֪޲ҵͻȻȥǲǰҪЩʲôأ
Ǿɲãƾ棬ľжȥû˻עһ޲ҡ
վ͵Ϊֹɡ
ջԼ񵶣Ժ䤱Եһ˵
Եһͷ˲Լͷϵĺˮ
ƻѪĲȼգһĺȻʼѸٵʣյմĺܣʱʱȸųɹ
ңԶʳһСڵ㣬ֺգȻڵ𽥷ŴʼչֳԼģһֻѻ
ֻѻĿȷɵķǳŲھŴլеݡ
ѻͺܴȶŷ磬ܺõվԺջصע⡣ͷųѻЩϤеӳߵĲɫ
˰˭ѻǳʤġ
ǳѻ
Եһ˳
ҲͬѻĴ̧ͷųʤѻɽȻݰǽϡ
ѻƣϴŲ֪մȾϵĻҰɫĳëҲң֣֪ٴʤԹԼѻǳԼëԼ״̬
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ǵóʤʱָԼëѻʱǸָָģȻ֮⣬ϸȴ۰ζ
ѻ֪Լ˵ųԼ๲ͣųʤԴʤԼԴ󺰴Уһ˵һ䣺á
ͣʤԼͺܳԼѻǺ˭ѧ
ڳʤѻȴģҲΪˣʼûϳǳʤѻ
Ϊı̫ˡ
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˵̫ˣǵ񴺼ӣֻǶݵĲõôһ˲ѸٵĵڵϻΪ
ʤ繬侣Ҳ統ҽͻӡ
ȼŵŹûʲôֻǰôƬ̣ѻ˵һ䣺˰ɡ
硭
ԵһƺûдϢлعסֻ֣оһ䡣
ԵһȳԷɡ
һ糣ûΪʤѶĲԵһ߽ﻹŻ˵ѻ
ԵһҪ˵Щʲôֲ֪Լ˵ʲôĬӣֻǣһ̤ʵصĸо
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ëʱ֪˶ëѻ㷴ӦûС
ˡ
ԵһƺҲǵǵģԼ͵͵طŵһԵѻԱѻë
Ե㷹Űɣ
ѻԼڶ۾ͷһԵһĵķţȻֱ۾Լͷ˳¡
ԵһЩ޴룬ĵջ֡
õģѻµġ
ԵһĵǣοԵһ顣
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ԵһһĽѾˣϣųʤ޷˯ʹһԵһ˯ˡʤѻҲˣĽ۾˯ˡ
Ҫ͹ƽ̸֮»زΪ֪ԵһûǲҪ֪ȽϺá
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ˡ
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ܶôαװĶô޺Ĺһϱ۶գŹƵִ̡
ڲ񵱳ոְʱ侲ˡ˽顣
Ƹžӿڻ谵ĵƹ޵֪Ϸʲô£ȴһġԽԤϣһ쵽ĻЩ硣
֪Ϊʲô𣿡
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ϸĹ⣬ͺʱˮⶳƯںϡıƬ
ҡ֪
Ϊء
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ָˣΪ֮ʱļסĽŲͺеˮݣûавģһȥϾͻ񸽹֮һ޷ѣֱ
ļǲںеˮݣӵ׳ȥ
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Ϊ֮ģŻһٴݵ޲Ϲ
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죬ںУ̫ѨϵѪҲͷѣƺһ̹Դ
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ȴûԵʹࡣ
Ŷ䲻ȥЩԴꡣ
ȻĺССůֳ
Եһĺ
֣תͷڱеԵһȥ
ɰǸССİ׾ŵĶ̵ѣǳ֮⻹һոµߡ
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ͭرˣ澵ϸȻ
Ųᣬһߵ˳˯Եһߡ
Եһ˯ú㣬ƯӤʣҲ㹻δԵһһʵĳࡣ
ԵһͷȻԵһ¶ڱ֡
еΪȽԵʡ
ԵһڱطŽ˱
ſҪ˵Щʲô뵽Եһַˡ
ǰһԵһĶͷһǳǣϧ֮⡣
ԵһߵǸߣĺɫƳĺһƤӡ
˽ģϣԵһڵķϿĺƤһֵĺ档
ɰĺܡ
Ǹ߽ȻĻƣѪ˳˿ȿֺðѪｫʪź˿ˣǸ
ٴνǸ߲֮ϣ߷ԵһߣȻߵдһš
ǸԵһġ
ڵֵš
ݵŲδ˯ԤϵʲôƵվſڣлһֽ
Ҫ뿪𣿡
ݵŴǰҴģô˵Ĵָ
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Ųûֹ뿪ʱͣ˽Ųŵů
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ԵһҪȴˡ
˵ǾЩѹ͡
ǳĬ֮˵һ仰
Եһ
ҺܱǸʳˡ


71 
һҪȥ
ȥ֮ǰȽƬ޲ȡĻ֮Ƭȥ˽۹ڵĵطǶûã۹֮ʱöƬûǸʱˡ
ӯĻ֮ȻƮҹգųβʧʡ
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լ֮У˶ٲΪ֪Ĺ¡
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ľƽʯ̾͵ĵϣһżеԺȥ
̤ǸϤСԺ֮ʱЩ㱣һ˲ļƺֱصǰصǸδ޲ҲûбɹǸ
Ժеļ䷭ӿԺ΢紵ƮӣĬɨˣԵſڱԵ޲ңҽոΪ޲Ұź޲Ҫע顣
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ߵǰִ޲ϵļ˿̿΢΢硣
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ʹࣿ޲ҩ֭鲼һʹЦһͦʹġ
֮ڶɶʹȷ޲ҸоʹǱȴ屻롣ȵѵʱԵֻмǲòӶ˿־ķ·һĲҽУĿɺ죬еڵϵѾʬ塣
ԼմѪͷһξѪɫƯ
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޲ԤϵʲôһһȴûߣҲûзŹ
ĸװ
ԾңûСǾȤЦһҵȥ
۵ʱȴһ㿪ʼСȿʼ޲ҵһȥ޲޶Щ䣬ʶס˺һ𾪡
û˵޲һܵʱڵȴԼһֿܡ
ݷѾ֮ǵ˵ĹϵΪȡҩʱץסὫ
һ˫񣬶õ
޲ʲôҲ֪ʹʹأѲɻʹһӣ
ݷҲûԤϵ뿪֮ǰΪ׼һݴ
ǹȥѾȥˣʱҲѲˣڼƽôʲôء
޲֪Լ˵ЩʲôǸо˵Щʲô޲
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޲ҵ֣˵ҡ
޲ʶֽ˻˵¶һһεĴݵ޲ҵϣֻûһ̱оؿڴһʹ
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֡
˫޳־׾ٵعᴩ޲ҵؿڡ
ȡۡ
Ѫӿ޲ҾϿȳһѪ
ʹ޲ʶƿѪ˳ֱ۴˿ԴԴϵ˳ǿӶ׽ʪˡ

޲Ҳŵؿǰʹؿڷٵϵһ˲·𱻱ѵʹҲ޷޲侲
Ѿ޲ҵѪҺʪѪһεε˳ָ䣬ڻȪͺͺĵϣϵЦѾȥ޲ҵָƽƽȴ䵭
޲ң㲻ܻˡ
޲ŭЦ˫һ۾ٴαΪҰްͫ˫ȼźܹȼһеķŭ
ƾʲô޲ԼѾָؿڣܸо󱻹ᴩʹࡣ
ƾʲôҲܻ
Ȼ䳰Ц
ΪЩࣿ
޲Ȼоõϵɱ⣬ƵɱΧӦǲʹģ޲ȴоԼص˵ħʱоʹࡣ
ԣֵ˸óʱˣ¹»ŵԵĵָ޲ҡ
ҶԲ㡣˵һỹġ
һ㳯޲ҷɱȥеĵźһǰڶγ޲ÿһζҪ޲ҸϾɱľ
޲ȻľȥƾԼ󳤳عǱѸٵƿԼ壬ȻĹǱ޳ȥĳ޴ƿ֮
Լܹ޲ҵı׾ٵץһת޲ҳĳ޿ϡ
㳤ϵĹǴ̽·Ҳûиоʹһ޸ĻӶеĵĳޱϣĳٴ
ֵ״̬ģеֵÿλжȵ޲ҳĳ޾ɣϵҲ
޲ȻоԼĹǱ޴ʱı仯پڹǱޣǽԼֱۻΪ̵УкĽײһ𻨡
޲ҽԼܶȵ֮ĽΪԷһĲҲѸٵӲ
Ҳ赲סǱĽС
ֱ֪޹Ѹٷط˳޲ҵĿ϶Ĳӿȥн޲ҵĲһ˿Ƥ⣬Ѫ˳˿ڵȴ˲ϻظ
ųǲܹҫ̫Ϊʳϰߣ޲˵ƺҲûʲô֡
޲ҷŭĺֳ֣ĸ첲ץȥָ׻ĸ첲һ೤˰̡
ס˿˿ѸٵֹѪеĵٶȲδ޲ҵĿڴȥĽܹ˺ѿռ䣬޲ҾҲûжܾǽͱԼؿڡ
Žһ̧޲ҵĲиһ˿ҵǺܿȥ
ԥ
ͱ޲ҵಢ޲ȥֻӿ޲ңҲ޲ҵĿġ
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ôϣ޲ҽԼദֵɶ˺ǷŭʹѾȴǺ񾭣ʹѾ޷޲侲
ΪʲôΪҳˣ
Сܣų־ûƳûǿ㱻Ҳֻǻá
籾ǿʳҳǴġ޲ֱ˫ۣôЩսʿǸ
ֻԼķʽмֵһ㡣˵޲ҵĻд˵㼥ڽҪģҶ
µһ֮ʱ޲ҾѾԼݣﲻͬ飬ʳ࿴żѼţһ㣬ΪԼԵĶоʹ
Ļû⵫ϸһȴִ©ٳ
޲ҵ뷨Ѿٹ޷ı䣬۾߬ȭͷʹҪⳤ޵סĹǱڲ֮ʱսˡ
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㱻޲ǿֱ˫ۣҲûп޲һƫԼ۾
޲оͺǲмٿһۡ
ϲ𣿡
޲ʣϲ𣿡
Ȼϲġǹȥڣŵ඼ûƭ
ԻԻãʹ޲ҵ޴ûҪɱ޲ҵľġ
ܿܿڶµʹధ֮·ڶơ
ƫԴ
ʹԤҲ޷ܣ޲һ̳侲
Ҳáյ˫ۣЦ޷㹻ˡ
սĳ޻޷ֹǿѪɫĳ޴ʼһѻΪҽýŽڵϵֵȻѸٵץס˵޲ҿȥ
һĶͷ˲Ϣ֮䣬޲ƶֻܽų޵˸߿ն㿪һڷ޲Ҷ㿪ʱҲûͣԼĲӡ
˹۲죬ͻᷢһĳŻȪƶ޲ûзֵġ
Լ޲һӽڣ֪ΨһĻᡣ
Լϵֵɵס޲ҵĸ첲ԼĻֽȪڴ򿪣Ҫ޲ȥ
ĻȪſֲҪ˴Ե޲ĹǴش˵ֿŻȪǹ廹һĳǸطƶ

޲߬䣬Ϊʲô
֪нӵİ˻ȥ˼޲ӵҲʹޣɻԵʹࡣ
ӵ޲ҵĸ첲һɡ
ˣһˡ
Ǹ
ɿԼı۰Ȼץ޲ҵֺԥعᴩԼࡣ
Ҳϲ㣬ˡ޲ȻŴͫףϻֳЦݣɺͽѡ
Ժ󡪡ǣǷ
񵱳Ϊ޲ȡҩһָŹᴩؿڵ׹˻Ȫ
Ű޲ǽģӣԼȻı˽
Ȫǹǿƽʧˡ
޲ڵϣʧھþ޷
žડ
Ƕڵϵ
޲еһһתԼߣֱڵȾѪߡ
ϵ·ǧص׸޲һһ߹ȥǸȾѪĺ档
ǡ
޲ҳǣ¶Ҫһ顣
ƭӡ
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̫һԵһϵʱԵһˡ
մ˯ԵһЩԺûпԵһΪڷ䣬ֱӴſ˷һš
Ǹġ
ѻҲѹˣų䵽ԵһĻͷ˲Եһ°͡
Եһһ˿õԤУǻǻеչˡ
ֱţԵһģģʶ뿪ˡ
Ѿĸһ
Ҳˡ


 ʷ 
72 
ƴ󡭡
еĴ˼õֵͲҪͲԶĹƴкǻû˵ھͱԵͬһס˸첲źµɫǰһơ
ꡪ
ס¶һãȻɫָͬŹƽнԶĺĸԼѽ
ʱƴ˾ȥһط㻹ǲҪŹƴ˱ȽϺã
˵ͬ¶һµɫ˵еΪ±ƴ˺ݺݵؽѵһأ
ʵϲû£ĪĹ˽֮ʱҲֻǽŲͣһ˲һطȥˡ
Ǹطʲôͷ֮ȥͨ޵ؾ;
;ı˰ʢţȴû
˰
վڻԣĻһ˿Ҳޡ
ԭƽĻʼҡɫĹ⽥۾Ȼڻоֳһһ޾׵ŮԳѩһ׵Ƥʺͫľһĳȣ¶һ㹻ߵ
ôˣƴˡ
˰¶һı飬˳Լߵ˵뵽ʲôƵģ˰¶һܾɫ˵ҿɲŶ
һĴ˯ģڹҲǺտݹǣļ¶˵Ϊ⸱ǧ֮÷Ҳƽˡ
ﵹΪԼСɽһ񣬶Ϊһ£Ǳ˰еһõԸ
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ģ˰¶һϲı飬ԭղŻ͹Ƹʮ¹׽ͶϢԭģҲˣ
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ˣֻµҪһ¹ˡ
˰ԼİĺˣȻŭ޲ó嵽˼佫˴ҡҶ˱˰Ҫָܻʵֹס˱˰Ҫܵ˼ĳ嶯
ֻ˲һһϦԻָһԾİꡣ
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İʱ㹻ഫʮҲָһӼ䡣
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޾ĺڰˣ˫лֳһϤӡ
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Եһ˵̲ס¶ϲõı飬ܸмƣֻڻڸ类y޲ɱֳԸɹĳ֮С
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ⶼĴ
뵽ͲʹԼڱ˰͹Ƶİ²ϵ̾˿
Ķ飬ôٴ˺ء
Եһ֮ʱƺͱ˰ɺɺ٣˰ס첽ͳķ䡣

˰˵߾סЩ絶Ҳˣ˰ۿһҪᣬչü¶ЦûĿ޳
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˰ûˡߵĹơ
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ѾԵһļ̽´˽ڵԶŹƵǸ
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˰¶ĵɫ̬ڱŮֻ񣬵Ƿŵ˰ȴɰˡ
ЩΣֻðű˰е񾭣òǿͬ⡣
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ҪȥѾ϶ֹȻҲûҪı뷨ͷǸһҪñ˰ҲĲ
Եһ˰취Ժı˰չա
ڴһܵҲ˵龭;ҪŵѪζ
˵˰̲ס¶һı飬ſڱ˰Ͽջȥеĺܡ
Եһʱı飬˰̾ҡҡͷ
Ѫ˸ԵһߣԵһΪضֿǸΨһµȻҲЯջ֮Ȼζ
˰;Ƽ˻ججԵһŵԵһϵζ̾ͳֽԵһ
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ô꣬ˡ
˼ϼѵĻôãˡ
Եһвչ¶Цյ¶ʱ޶µĲЦݡ
硣
ܿ㣬Ͳࡣ


73 
֯Ľֵ֮ʱ룬ֻǶ̶İ꣬ı仯ѾĿĳ̶ˡǴڽͷȫͬƺͷѧ֮紩ȹڽϲЦ̵Ůֻǿȴڵ·ѸƶĽͨߣⶼͬ顣
иŵӯӯǴӽԵ̴֬ģŨζǴһߵķģָζһһԵĳıӿȥ
ǧٹֵζ䡣
ƽ̹ĽֵůĹ⣬âԴҲûڿᵽ˿ĵζƹԴдδŹĵ硣
ԡֶԭʲôأ
ͷŽֵŵһյյٻɫƹ·ƣմӵûãֻЩʱյͣظϵ˴ǺڵʱİٶŹŶһļվڽĳ˼֮С
ƽ̹İ·͵˵·ԶֻվȺк;ĸһã֯Ľվ
һ۵ԴŸŵĺͷվ·ƹľɫ֮ʢеĴбʲôΪ֪ܺʹʵϱ͵͵۲˼ֱ·ƵĹԭĺͷȴձѾֹŵĵ
߽ϵ̫࣬ӵԾ·Ͽⶫôġ
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ǹζԽԽŨˣ˵ĿĵԽԽ
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Ѫܵʲô̼ͣ¹ĶӾϿʮֵĶˡ
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֣ǵķڵѹĻԱߣվһһ˵໥ŵС
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Ķһͷӣķ۷Ұ׵ļȴɫĴ࣬ڳҪһ
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ץסӵ󷽵ɱҵ̿ɺƽ֮ҵؽסûʱüΪͻȻֵİżȽ˵Ѫĵطá

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ҹǶû֮ʱŴӴϢܷҹǸѪΪʳĹҹж
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77 
ǲķһ㣬ԵЩĪִš
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78 
ʱ䵽̫ҵʱһ
ļȵ̫ɢԼˮ̾͵ĵ˿Ļ̡
ǽϵ˴Żɫ쵵ķڽ˵Цû˻ȥעһλԶˡҲϣġ
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ζŲġ
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ͯĥչнɫȣߣ۽´¶һ˵ɫ
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Ů˵õĵ곤˵ϣܹһ档
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79 
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Ͼ޲ְɹ

ЦһٴתһеĽΰͯĥĹͷˡ
ң
ͯĥõĺõģ޲Ҵھ
Ѿ㹻ˣ֪޲ҵĴλãû˺ͯĥȥģĻѾ֧ŻӵٶҪ˶ͻ̮ѾլۡŮֵغȻǷҵĽŲ
ֵ˳ľͯĥؿϾҪͷ£ǲɱͯĥȴŮ
ռһ˲ŤûüͯĥԴֻİӡ

ɫ
ǵڶйѡ
֧ŷ֧Ȼܿ˵֧Ȼ߳ӱܿ뿪ˡ
ǧһص޳ǵͯĥĵذϣİ屻ϣֻһ޳ǡ
ѽѽǱ
ͯĥ̾Ϣһ˵
ԶĵطһλĽСŮˣɫĳɢڵϣƯϣȴһֻ˶ͫ
Ů
ͯĥĵĴк
Ůûͯĥ󻺻
޲Ҵˡ


80 
޲ѾָεĴСվֻ°ӵͯĥǰӸµؿ÷кűĹ⡣
εȳª̬ͯĥ
޲ҳЦֻ°ӵͯĥ
ûá
ͯĥЦؽ޲ҵĳϵۿɼٶȻָת˲㳤˰ֱۣǱǸ޲ҴˣҪôǸء
ҪҰͳ
޲ҲŲϡͯĥ࣬һڵϻڳͯĥ
Ҫʲôá
һ˰ͯĥ
޲䵭ؿǰ֮ǿֵø˵һ£޲оӵǿʵҲûʲôá
صǰµı£ǿ󣬷Ļ᲻ɱΣա
ء
ͯĥ˫ֺʮ¶Цݡ
޲Ҵҵλǳǿ󣬼Ҫɱˡ
ԣ޲ҾͯĥʱŲһ٣ӶĹǴ˲佫ͯĥؿڴƽ˵ϡ
ˡ
޲ҵһشͯĥϡ
ʲô
ڽ仰ʳں޲־Ȥ֪Ⲣõͯĥ׼ȷشǸɴֱӲͯĥԴȡļ䡣
Ȼͯĥ֮Ľ̸ܳ޲ҪѵʱҲǼӡ
ȡ޲ɫ࣬ͯĥԵֺ޲ͯĥϰ
Ժ󣬲Ҫ˵Ļ
ͯĥ֮Ĺϵ޲Ҿ͸оԼθĺ˶ĵĶ
ʼԼΪʲôͯĥˡ
̫ˡ
Դϣͯĥ̾ӵذ޲˵
ʲô޲Ҵˡ
޲Ƴһͯĥ䵭˵ͯĥԺ£˵ĻͲҪٳҵǰˡ
ͯĥ¶һɫҲԹɵӦ
޲Ҵˣҵͽ˵λƺء
޲
޲Ȼͯĥ֮ԣ뵽ĿԶ޲Ҹоؿеķ֮޴ɢ
㻹Դϡһ
޲˵
ͯĥϲˮɲϲɵز˵Щʲôˡ
޲ҺһŮʧ޳֮Уֻ廹ûȫõͯĥһ
С㡱
ͯĥոſںŮȴŮˡ
죬Ȼȥ
ͯĥ˲¶һίɫڵϰصȴָˡ
ҪȥĻͽͲˡȻʱŽڵıԹȤҪ˵ɻʧȥڵ
ڱĵϣͯĥͷϴ۸Թһ޳ǣЦЦ
񿴵Ǹӵ͸ɫһŮˡ
˵ǰɣҶ
»լۡת˲䱻һɣܿ˳ӿ˳뿪ӵķȥ
˻ȴǽ⣬²ܣҲĿǷΧ֮ڡ
ȥ·ϣͬλ֮͡
һλǸոշֱûжõĸ£һλȫİŮԣվǰ˵סȥĵ·
ã
ӯش֦ͷԾǰ¶΢Ц֯ɣһֻѵĺ
ͣ˽Ų̧ǰ˻ƷȻЩ²⡣

ջϵĵ䵭
ǹɱӵĽʿݷҫϣܹһ档
̵ܺͺҹ޻һ𡣸²ԴȻɺĬվһûʲô顣

վǰ̺͸¶΢΢ͷһʾƣʹǿӲ̬˲졣
ȻѾţôһҲûʲô˵ġ
Ƭ̣ȴ

̵ֽͽѰˣϾĪͯĥ˶ɣ˵λռǽˡ
ԡ
ûоܾҲ˽һԵһص֮ڹɱӳĹ£ֻڲʲô̸ĺõط
ӿٶȳ뿪Сķȥ֮ʱ˵߰ɣ뿪
ٶȺܿ죬ٶȼĺ̶
һ˲̺͸ûԥ·뿪С
;ȻԽԽԶֱʧ
ʼݷҫҪ̽ݷլۡʱ˶ǲ޳ɵġ
ԸΪѵķʵΪԡ
ԣô족
ĵǲ޵ȻȷʵΪɣݳԣƾճһ㡣˼ʹϵˣֻҪϳ󣬲ôֻҪѰҾܷɳĺۼȴʲôҲûС
ݾһͬϵ̧ͷɼȴңɼ
Ͳʵֱһ̬ȵĻԪСڡ
ҲĲ޳ɡ
ʵ֣һѵõĻᣬҲʧȥ
ϵĲݷҫϸɤ˵ĴԶƮƮġ
Ϊ֮Ψһ̿ɻҵҿ֪Լ˵Щʲô
ǲ̿ɵ޴룬ݷҫ΢΢ƫͷ̿ɡȥ˫ѾʧֻܹпԼһ˫ȽĶ䡣
ʲô˵̿ɡ
ˡ
㵽ֵ̿ɴӦȻԾЩңȻŵӽԼ뷨˵˳
Ǹûж⡱̿˫ճȭϥϣǻشʦСһࡣ
ŵǸзǳζ
Сˣ
ʵòˬ̿ɣʲôζ
Ҳûƭˡ
粻ʵֿ̿ɲˬһ㣬̿ͬҲʵֲˬǵһ֮ǰʵͱԼӵ¡
˵Ӱ쵽һԵʱ͸һɵ̧ͷ컨壬˫֮ޡ
Ϊĸ¶ᵲԼͣշŷۺ¶һߵģ
㲻žҲǳɰء
ҡ
˵̿ЩԥǰǼ˵˳
λѯңǲռ̹
϶ԲݷҫղİйɱӵĽʿ˵İʹõĺʼĴʼ˼̹Եһ֮
ݷҫղ
ûоȣ˵֮С
̾ϢһһôҾͿԿ϶ˡ
λѾ𽥿ҲĹϴ˵Ưǻ˵ġ
һּҵ֮£ԵΪѵԼݷҫյȰ֮¡
ѡ˭͸ͬȥ֮ʱֻкЦеľԼ֡
ȥɡ
Ϊ˶ܹy޲ҵ׷ɱݷլۡʮͻתһλãھսѾȹİٶ꣬ݷλҲ֪ı˶ٴΡ
ǲĻȴĽʽ
ɱܲĺ̺͸Ѿһߣصʲô˵
վʯͥԺ֮УָĦĽߴȸ֦ϵĵȻһС
֮µĿʹͷ֪Щʲô
һȵĽŲݷݷҫԼŮĲڻĳǰ
̿ʼݷҫյʱڵĲݷҫϵΪɫ˰Ѿӵ˲
Ȼİ̺ۣɿԿݷҫĳ࣬ɲ˺۳Ͼɳ΢覣޾̾Ϣ
˵İһЩϤ
ݷҫյĲݷЩƣŹȥݷģ
ŵ΢΢һ̾һ
Χڲݷҫϵģ䡣Ϊ׵Ĺy޲Ұ¶ûУıӦȴһݷҲʵɱ
ӭ͡
ݷҫվԵϣֻߵŮ
ǰʲôģء
ߵŮһ˫èͬػشŸ׵
ʣŸŵĺɫͷźɫ˰֯һ˫ɫ۾һͷ
õشĲݷҫչǳķ˵ǣ֮Ĵʼ˼̹Եһʿĸ
ûзϣϵĽжôס
ǡ
ڵϵĺ̺͸½¶ȵɫ
ԤϵĴ
Ҳ㹻𺳳ˣϾ֪У˹y޲ԼĶܹԶʱ䡣
ɫ֮вûпЦĳɷ֣ȻȻ󷽷ĳˡ
ȥҲûʲôã֪Եһȥڹɱ˲ٹ
Ƕô˾飬ôͲǹԻô
οڹɱӵļ¼Уλʿ˺޲ҵս֮С
ǳԼǸʿѾ㹻ˣ͸¶顣
𡣡
ݷҫղûйѯ˼֪ѯҲõشֻ˼һ˲ȻȻĿڡ
ʣΪɱ
ǡ
ֻҪһ𰸣㹻ˡ
ȻͲǵˡ
ݷҫյ񴺷绯һ㶯
һҵĽŲƻδȬ̿ɺɡ
Ǹ
̿ɿȵĺһȻ첽ߵǰһǳлҵ
̿Ǹʵĺӣĺӱ֮ģ̿ԵһЩƵٻжϵĴΣ΢΢ɫ
ûйϵֻͬĿѡ
ȻһŲ̿ɵļзӳȡ
ȥȴŵϤζȻΪǳζȷʵԵһζû
ⲻܹƳζ֮ɢģΨѪԵϵ֮˲Żеζ
γֵΪϼʱ͸һɣӵһͷɫĳڷβȴǳǳɫ
Ȼһĺǹ⿴ޱϤ
Ȼ˳Ĭ
Եһ㲻˵㲢ûк
ôϴֻѪԵϵ֮˲еζкô
ڵļ̹ԵһԼıӣȻһ硣


81 
İǰڵĹɱ豸ȻӵˣΪҽƺڲŵĵΪ˵Ľʿõõƻ䱸˲ٵҽƿƼ
Ϊĺ̳һʿһλ츳ƶ֡
Ϊ⣬ɺڵĵݽסǶԣҲֻϢ֮أҪ˶þͻ뿪ˡ
ݺܴ󣬲󲿷ֵķ䶼˵Ĳ߽ͣͣӵĴ˽Ĳˣһӡ
ֵһӣ˴ССĲ󣬻оƾԹβȣԹܵĲ֪ҺӵײðСݣȻ󽥽Ӵ顣ǰ۲ǰĶĿרעˡ
Űƿƿ޹Ŀ¶棬ΪϹŶĲˣֲ޷ڶ̶ʱֲġ
Ϊһȴоѧҩȷһֵ¡
̸оʮ񣬻ͷ㿴վſ¶֮ɫ
Ц˵ǽʿȴоЩ
ҡҡͷ
Ǹ˵ѡûʲôɡ
ѡ񡣡ɫֵĸҺ壬㲻˽ҲЩʲôûΣĶ

㶣ȻֵڴǰЦ
ΪҵĸСҲС޷¹ԴֻЩС¹ء
Ȼ޷¹ԴȴԵƳɱ֮
ƺҲһλǳŮԡ
˵ͷ˴⣬ǿԺӣƻûϵ̿Ժɹ̫ϽðʵĺΣƺðС
Щ֣Ҳܿɰ
ƺʱ͸̬Щ֡
վǰһߵҩһ˵Դռʱ͸һɺʱ˼֮С
ʲô
ҲûʲôΣź̵Цش𡰽ɱӣʵҲ֪ɡ
ǺӣƺԵһԨԴ
ԵһȷԼûʲôôֵ
ӲǵԵһ˵Լһλ˫ֳԵһȻδȢӣ
ֳǾͲһˡ
ʵҲȷʵˣݷҫ֪սʱڵʹ֮Ľʿм̳ߵʱȻȲȥ븸ĸ˫ʱ͸һɼɱӣʱ͸һɹȻҲʿĺȻѧϰʱֻʮһ꣬ǽյ½ˮƽһǧֱӳΪ˾֮һ
˵ŶСʱ͸һɡ
ԣʱ͸ƺλʿĺء
Це˵ʵҲ̽ķӦЩʧǣûֳռʱ͸һ֮ʱɫˡ
ȻѪԵϵԵһĺ
תȥԵһûºһ֪ġ
վԭգգ۾
ѽѽ֮ء
Ȼ˵Ļһȴûʲôȵ顣

ǵء
˵ݵţҲ֪ô£󾹺̿һ졣
ǺὡкӴһ̬Ҳеˡ
̿ɵѯҲûδնɱֽ̽ͯĥ΢¶ˬɫ
ȥɱƽڻ䣬ϧӵˡ
ͯĥΨ²ҵı飬;
ס
¶ȵɫɡ
ġ
ñӦܹնɱĶ£ʵЩģž㱻ȻϴЦͯĥЩӶ
ףŹ˶꣬ô޲˵ûгԽˡ
ǸӦúǿɣ̿ɰοûϵһΰ׽ͺˡ
Ҳȥɱƽ֮߸߾˫˵ͷϴŵҰͷôôΥ͸С
үЩɱġ
ҲһһµӣǸ˵Ķһ˵
ԲҪѹˡ
գգۡ
Ҳûѹ˵ֻǾˣܿϧѡ
¶ɫǸѾҿ˰أֻһնԴȴò֪ʲôʽˣʵź
һΣһɱ
Ƶ˵ȴɭֲҲ֪ɱͯĥǽͯĥɹ޲ңȻɫһԵŵı̿ɡ
Ǹʲôء
̿ҪԼͬ黹˳ѯһ䡣
ͯĥĳ࣬ȻĿʣԸҲϡе֡
߲ʵͫףͰһɫͷ۾Ϸĺ֡
ͷͷϺѪһĺ졣
ȷֵòֻ۾ɫˡ
˼һʱȴص
ʲôˡ
ͷȥȴǱӦҩоҩƷḷ֪́ʲôʱЦ״ʱȴΪŭЩŤ
˵ʲô
̿첽ߵǰǸնɱǸʲô
ĺȴ̿ݻ֮Ҽˣ֪ʲô¡
ǰḷ́ȴȻʶʲô˺̣Ŀ̵ཻĸ밧ʹ۵ס
֮ˣǱǸɱ𡣡
Ѱĳ˾ϢȷЩˡ

ڵݴ˼죬뿪ˣ񵱳һɫ׼뿪ݣȴҹ̿ɡ

̿ϻŲŲԶ߻һҧͲĹ
ɫĳɢͫƯķɫ
ȻŮͬŹy޲ҵζֵǣȴûжеѪζ
ǡ
̿ŷӦߵûǵһκ棬гʱľУ˵
ȴһֱڷ˯һֱ֪ӵĴڡ
ҵãӡ
ȻǹӲûгԹˡ̿ɶܣƵģһģ
Ѱҽӱķ
ȻɱΣûгԹ˵ĹȻҲǲɱ֮ϵġ
ȻĵͷһӣȻЩ
ʱҲõġ
Ѿûˡ
ӣ
̿ɿûɫ࣬ߵӽ
˸Ŷ
ӱɹǱЩ˻ǶֳĻܹһ֪⡣
˸˼񿴵ĸףصĵ˵ͷȻСܵ߱סȻ̧ͷ¶һ΢Ц
š
˵̿ɵЦϲõ̫ôЦӾͺʢŵӣ
˺ʱԵһδİ׽˲㽩Ӳ壬ʶҪƿӣֲ֪Ӻ֡
벻Ҫ⡱̿Щ˼æܹסԼõ֣ӲҪ
̿Щ޴롣
Ǹӿǰ㵱ɼˡ
ʵ⣬Ӿ񿴻ûгĺӣӵͷ
ûйϵ
΢ϵı飬̿˵Ҳãֻ뿪ˡ
̿¶֪ı顣
εԵʣ̿ɵʱʶҪĶ
һ˺ܾãȻǹҲ˵ڹȥҲֻһͨࡣ
һǧˣûԼ׷ȥ
ǵúеСľݣҲǵе׵ܣиոѧ·ãһһεسһ˽Ļ
һӦǸܿɰСŮֻʱ̫ˣҲǲˡ
ǿϧ


82 
̿ɺֻ֮ѪԵ˲ŻеĬȷеĽתͷһ룬ʵҲµʦѵĹƻĸװı˰ΪܵܵԵһﶼ̿ɺһûв
˻СһԺȻ湻ֻܵ̿߱ԼֱϢ㲻˵ǻᷢСһġʵڿɰˡ
Ҫ̿Լõͷʡ
ȷҪˣųɫȥʱһ㰲û뵽ȴҹ̿ɡ
ǣҪ뿪ˡ
Ϊʲôء
Ҷϲ
̿ɿĿ¶⣬ȻֻǶ̶ദ˼죬ǵݵĴҶϲ帴ѵҲָ䡣
Ȼ˵Ĳ࣬Ƕ̿˵Ҳ㹻ǳˡ
ЦЦ˵ΪбҪȥ¡
ΪҪȥҲ뿪
̿ɵͷ̿ɶһ˰ϡ
ʼ̿ɺԵһʲôѪԵϵʵҲеģϾ̿ɺԵһĳЩϸ΢֮ȷ
ʵ˿ϧ̿ȷʵԵһĺ
̿ںΪѰԼʹĻֵ֮飬˽ⲻ֪࣬飬ǰڶ̿˵
úѧϰеĽɡ
Ժõġ
ǲȥ֮⣬ԭ̿ɼǳߵӺȻˣܵǰֱסȻ˲䡣
ʶؽִӵͷϣ۾Լ˲֣Ȼſ˻ֱۡ
Ҫ뿪ˣ߳ųԶȥ̿ɺӾվſڡûҲͣ½Ų
ǹһ̿ɺȻıӰټ
Ȼͣ˽Ų
ûлͷֳ̿ɻ˻ӣǸ
ڶ죬뿪ϢѾӵݱ浽˲ݷҫյĶС
Ǹˡ̹ڵݷҫյǸûнλ
Ϊ⼸һֱɱײ飬Դ˵ͯĥйսԤԼһҲͯĥḻ́ѯͯĥ顣
ΪˣЩһֱоɱͯĥľ綾ٵĹ۲ûˡ
ⲻ⣬̡ݷҫڣůΪһߡ
ں̵Ǹ⣬ݷҫհολҪ뿪˭Ҳֹ˵ġ
ҹѾҸˡ
ں֮⣬̧ͷ˲ݷҫȴõһ΢Ц
̵ͷûʡ
ͺ̼򵥵Ľ̸䣬ݷҫձú뿪ˣǰŸߣݷҫյķ˲ݷһ˳
һͷѩ׷˿Ůԣʱ͸һ˵ǰݷȻȥԸȴκ˶Ҫǿƽʱݷҫ޷ľ󲿷ֵʵġ
ĸԸʮһЩζµɣҲֻжԲݷҫյİˡ
ݷ˲ݷҫյϣΪɢĺ⡣
λ
ΪҵŮݷȻóʵ֣˥䣬ǿֽԱĳֲЩ֡
ܿɲţλսʤ޲ҵĹؼ
ݷҫյ˲ݷϵֱϣ岻ãϳҪһЩǲݷȴů
лл

뿪ݾ˲ݷҫڵĹɱܲǾ뿪ǰӦúͲݷҫ˵һϾôá
ݷҫҲԤһ˳μĹȵ
ûдŽǴӰǽϷģһؾ˲ݷҫյ

վʯԺ¹µĲݷҫգϿʲôɫ
ǣҪ뿪ˣϾҵյ㲻
ݷҫԤϣҲǺ֪飬ֻǶϣӡ
һ۱Ƽ˲ݷеĵҲţΪݷݷһӭȢеŮΪޡ
֪˰ɡƽŲݷҫգԭɫʼʺ졣
ǿʢͷ޷Զһݷҫ죬ڸ˶ɵħ
ݷһݣʶͳϵķ䣬ûжͱݷҫ
ǿԭ򣬲ݷҫյĸоûиоϵɱǱԼŵӡ
ˣûµġο
Լɷİ£ݷҲƽֻӿȴֳ־衣
ˡ
ܴ
ʱĲݷա
Ŀ¶ӣŲݷҫվ񿴵˵ʱʮĲݷգ룬ڲݷᵽΪ޲ȡҩӶΪ֮ʱѾ֪Լʵˡ
ֻʱʲôû
Ųݷҫ˵ȻˣҲӦ֪Һ͹y޲ҵԨԴɡ
ݷҫûзϣ΢ЦӦһ䡣
û
ǲݷҼص޲ұḶ́սʱµļ¼ټϢ͸¶͹y޲ҹϵĲһ㡣
ôء
ʡ㲻ɱ
ѵ֪ΪݷңҲŻȥΪֵ
վġݷҫվֻһɾ㹻ˡ
ǰµϢƭ
޲ٶĸ𣬾ͲݷĨȥĶԹݷҫҲڵԡ
Ҷ¶ˡ
ĵ̾˿Լǻ᲻Ծ̾ҲˣҲбԭ

ָ֣źɫĹ⣬˲ݷҫյĶͷϡ
ǿ䣬Ϊy޲Ҷѹơչα겻α
ʧݷǧҲǡ
ԼҪ󣬡ϣܹԼִ޲ȥ
Ƿҵġ
ݷҫճĬȻ󻺻ص˵ͷ

ô꣬ˣˡ
ݷҫյܺǻͷκ·ƶ˵
ûϵ
ݷڲݷҫߣؿ˲ݷҫյļϣԭ縻ʿɽѩһıҲѩһˡ
ϣ໥˵ӰӣҲ֪˭˭
泯Ź⣬µϣ

ɱӵܲľǺԶģֵĽų˵ͣͣҲò˶á
Ȼͯĥе֪޲ڵλãҪȥ޲ңԥ
ͯĥΨ²ҵģ޲ҿ϶֪Ѿˣ޲ȴ֮ǰ
Ľ֮Уԭ޷ֻһǾ޲ȥѰ
ɡ
СһҪҵǸſԡ
ȻԸԼ޲ˡ
ֻǾط˵󲻴󣬵˵СҲС˾ϰѰ޲ңڴ롣
ھ˺ü컹ûѰʲô޲Ҳصĵͦ
޲Ůװʾ˵ģŮԶΪ˻ȥһ˾Ļ֡
܎ı仯֮ǰ𲻴Ȼһսҵʷ޸ĺܺã֮ǰ˼ַЦֵŮϵĺͷһһ»ڵĻҲû֮ǰˡ
ûᵽϤζŨ֬Ѭı߳˻һ˺ü硣
۽Щ죬۾
е뿪ˣ޲ңΪһֱҲ޲Ѿ뿪ˡ
֪ɺϻˣ׼Ѱ֮ʱȴȻŵ˿е翵޲ҵζ
ζ̫ˣƺǺܾ֮ǰµģŨζ
վԭãһ˲˳˳첽ζȥҪҵǸζԴٶȿ죬ܿҵϴ޲ζˡ
ȵǣǸȴǴһСŮŮԣϴʽȹ毺ϴ΢Ц
ƺǱȻֵһǸŮԱŻŮֽ˽̽˵ʲô

βŮҲ۾󲻽⡣
˵ϴˣǸ
ûϵ
ǴȹŮ˲ûҲʲôģֻ˵һź뿪ˡ
Сգ۾ﻹһͮͮƻǣԼĸ׵ĲӿȻ˻֡
ŮԱźߵԽԽԶ̸ȴŷĶ䡣
һζҳʱһͷ˰̵ĺ췢СҲϴˡ
Сﳶ죬¶Щѹɫ裬һܼ
ʧȥ׵СŮڸĿƵģֻϧϲƺĸײûʲô𻨡
ȻԻһĸŮ̸ϸڻǹɼ޵ζԶ׼ǸҲ֮ˡ
˳һһ̵ţǻЦ
Ȼ޲ҺĸŮʲôⲢӰķŭ
ǳϢˣy޲ҡ


83 
Ӧġ
ֻҪ뵽ǶĸŮܻ֮޲ʲô͸оԼĺװҺĹյۡ
Ҫ˵ƾʲô
޲ûǷʲôûһֱ޲ԼҪʲôƺ޹صġ
ʲô
һͱһϣİ
ıģĻҲǳˬɡ
ⲻǰǳˡ
һ룬ͷǹŭҲ񱻽һˮĻ˲Ϩˡ
ЩʲôطҪġ
Ҳûʸȥָ޲ҵûȥʲô
ֻǣµ֮ʱŹȥһĻĻЩδź
ھĽֵʱѾ֪ʱͬˣǻᱻں͹ȥľ޴ȡܾʱھѾʧȥΪ׶ĵλǱ𶫾ľִеĳУձԼеĻζȻݸıʱǨǴǧĻվôķ¶ϾȻĬΪڶĶǡ
ھɴſվűȥʢĵԥվû߽ȥоԵһƺûжãʵѾٿˡ
ǵԼԵһƽǣǵŵҲǵԼ޲ֵòɢ
Ȼء
Ȼûã͸޲һ
ϵ֯ڻļȴȻоЩ䡣
һ۵ǰɫӣһοԵʯ꣬ûк곯գ۾ˣת뿪
Ұƾ£ˣھϿվ£ܼˮڸ߿սγһСˮ˳ŵ׹䣬Ȼڶڵʯ۱ߣȾһͬˮʪۡ
ļˮ࣬صƽϿվ£ɫвڽϰ̯Сʼ£Լ̯ӡ
ϣҪˡ
컹ûȥٶ
ɲ
ɣˮʪ˾Ͳˡ
ϰ̯Сʼ̾ԼĶһ½˾ٶˣҲɣ
ֻ뿪
緢ˮϲٵѾȥˣԭĽֵȻ˲ٵҲȻ˼ּȡ׼Ҳģ֪ʲôطһɡͷƵڽϣһ¾꾰
ͦġ
ܹĵˣҲֻɡˡǴź޲¼ͻ꣬ź׬Ǯ
Լסùݣ߽һɡһɡ۵ɡǰصֽɡҪĶ࣬ɡûȾͼȻͬƯʽǱǰֻɵɡ滹˼
ϲʱ꾰ƽǵСû£йѧ˸ӵܵӹ꾰Ͻ̯׼뿪
ҺԼҵԤ˵Ҫ꣬СĽƽҲȽ٣˵ҲֻʣôһСˡ
СѶպ׼ؼҵʱһȴվǰְ޳żöǮң
ʣµĽƽǶҰɡ
С̧ͷɡײߡ
ʣüĿ续١
ŴСµһ޽ƽǣƵڽϣϸϸܵɡϣʯ̾͵ĵѾˮʪľڵذϷײλҲһȤϤĽֵϣֻطҲȥһŲȥͻὦһƬˮСˮˡ
Ϊ΢б·ƽʯ޷ˮʱˮ˳б·һ˵·Եˮĵ¡
ЩϧѵеСһֲȵˮʱŻеžûˮݣûЩ꾰Žžʹ·ܹĺˡ
ʯվͬλֻͬʱ䲻̧ͬųԶȥĺˮϸ΢ɡϻ㼯ɵСˮһγ˶϶
û˸ɡˡ
˼
ľʱӡ
˱ʪϣ̽ͷ׵ĺˮŲƵĺ棬Ȼ޲ҡ
èһϸ۾ͫƯõɫ۾ͻͬҰƵͫźܽ˾ɵ
˫۾ԼԵһİƷߣӿŷŭʻ𣬺޲ý߶á
ʱ
޲ҴС֣һСӶݲ£Ǹ߶ѣʲôýġ
ˡ
ΪĻ
ͺؿһҰޣ޲óһ
ΪԼûУԲŻἵʡ
ץʯսˣڻҰ׵ʯһ˿ơ
͵ɿ֣Լǻ࣬Ȼ̧֣ᴥԼ۽ǡ
еʪȴˮ
ǵˮȥˡ
ٻصԼסõ֮ʱһӡ
컹ûҵ޲ҵټ
ھ˵ĶѾǲھ޲ȴһ˿Ҳûץ
˵ҲԣɱĹ֤ʵ޲ȷʵھûҪԼǲǱͯĥǸһͺܶӵļһƭˡ
ıƭˣôһؼҲͯĥڡ
·ϣӲȻ졣
һ죬ԼҲĻ͸÷ˡ
֪Ū˻ѰҵʱѰҵĶǰһ뵡ȥҵʱǶȻȻĳǰ
ץС͵
ץС͵
ĽϺȻһŴƺͷСˣŲ֪ļҸ̫̫ܼĵطܡ
Ǳĥ³һ˫ӻǶթ
ÿ
ײһһˣһС΢͹ɷһиŮƵһߡ
ּۿ콫Ǹ˷סûһ磬ûüǸɷĸл۵һֱ׷ߵС͵
Ϊ࣬С͵СıܵٶҲ죬ļҪ׷ȴΪ׳ܼĵطжţһ㻺
ŷ˳СүŮżߵļ׷ϣȴؿǱӵС͵ʧ֮С

Ůߵض˶š
ûϵģٺϡķֻ˵㾪ţߵŮ߻ĵİ䡣
Ƿϲİ
ٺϵŮЩ߷߲ƽ
ھĽͷУҲֻϵù
ķҲûŶᱻ׷ǽ

С͵̶ʹһݺݵذֱӰ˵ϡ
ֱߵѲ٣ѱС͵ߣʧȻҲԭ
ԭˣİ
ѲݸѶԭˣɫǱϹϾ
λС͵Ʒġ
Ͼλ˿ձһҽҩ˾糤ӣλȻǲһ㡣
ԭлѲһС͵
ѽԭЩȣסЦ˵
Ӣء
ԭȻҲǾȵģΪϤԭǹŨֻйy޲ҲŻеѪȵζ
ﰵʲôȫѹ

ԭԸܺã׽סС͵ȻҲ뱨һ
˼룬ֻǸǮƵĻҪԭ˾ȥԼլһٷ
֪޲ҿܾԭլҲûоܾ
¾Ҳϲ
ԭ˿ŵߣЩ档
Լڼеӣԭ˲¶ЩȰɫ
ҲϲֶϾһء
ִָظǸȤƵģһ䡰ҺҲϲⶫ
ԭ˲һһ˵Ϊϻ۹ɵĶӡ
˵Խ࣬¶ĶҲԽ࣬ԽԽÿ϶
ԭ˿дϻ۹ɵĶӣѰĹy޲ҡ
Ϊ޲ұŮԾѾûеˣû뵽ȻܱһС
һȷʵû뵽
ɫ˳ԭլʻȥľ֮˦󣬳
סլ￿
ԭլԽլ鷿޲ȴȻоһļ¡
£еҳסĴܺõĹߣ޲죬޶ЩĽ
ڸо֮йڹɱӵҲûˡ
Ҫûȷ鱨ҡ
޲ڻСӵΪ
ͷŭЩŤ
Ѿܹ˲ȷ鱨ȷٳ֡
ȻǲΥ޲ҵӺ¶İ޲ҵǸ
õģ޲Ҵˡ
˵ʧ˺С
¥Ϩ޲߳鷿¥ȥ
ԭլۡĴصĴڸǣ⣬ֻŵơ
޲֪ԭ˻ΪӾﲻΪ⣬ϵĹҪõġ
޲ҿլӵĴŻ򿪣ԭ˺ģôҲ벻
޲ԭЦеؽǰĻˣòʲôҲû䡣
еҽľʵĵذϣһֽš
վſڵЦЦ۾ﵹӳһ׵ģͷ봩űĺӡ
ǡ
Цһ޲Ȼ˵ڵϵֽš
ҳ࣬ܿͼˣȻһֽݸ޲ҡ
ҪúðСܵܡ
޲ֽӹ¶ӦеĻãһ˫ȴް
лл硣
Ц⽩ǡ
硣
ô֪޲ôò


84 
΢ЦӲǡ
޲ˣװĵŮˣҲ˶¹ɵĺӡ
ʵԸû˱˽ˣݶ塢ƲǸˣǾһôҲһİɡ
ǰ䲻ʮ޲롣
ǿɴС
ǻر
һһǧ֣װʲôء
Щ˵ģ޲˫õɫӴ濴˼Ϸʡ
ʱ޲ҵ۾ͦÿģ޵֮ѿʯ;ʢı˰
ҲɫĿѣԡ
˾Ƭ̣ˣȻ֪ǰ޲ǸһǧĶǿ⸱ɰͯģ޷ġ
ֽŵݸ޲Ҿת뿪ڿ޲Լ̲ס¶޲ҵһ޲ϲļһƼˡ
ǻû͸оԼ°ڱĳסˣͷһ޲ҡ
ѽѽϲ¾ء
ԭ˴ŻɫƯĺͷһԼҵӾĺͷ½ǻЩȣܿЦ
޲һҲϣ½ǿԭЦԾԼôöûм޲ôϲЦ
ЦĻͦɰ
ǣĸס޲Щ˼ǵģ˿ԼСƤЬ˵ϲ硣
ϲͦζģǲ֪ϲˡ
ֻЦ
ˣװ⸱ģ޲ԼöģΪʲôҪö
ԭ˺ԭ糤ܾԼһô˵Ӷһİܹ׽˱Ͷһĺøжȣ¸ϲˡ
Էʱ仹磬׼ʱԭ˿ǵ˵Ŀζصѯһ䡣
¾ʲôϲԵĶԭɳ϶ŷ޽ڵĹǴɲ豭Ŷׯǰʡ
ҿԷԸ
ûʲôɿڣҲûʲô޵ġʼڲݷ˵ʱΪûʲô޵Ļᣬ
˵Ѿ˰ȻԲԶνˡ
ⲻӰ죬һԱ߱鰲ؿ޲ңǹ¶һˬЦ
ϲڻ˻ٻء
˱ȽټûС
ԭ˴ҲǳԹģ¶һϲı˵ѽҲȷǷǳζء
ԭ糤һȺ͵ģ˵Լϵ۾Լ˺Ϳ˵Ȼ·Ըȥˣóʦٻ˺ٻɡ
ԭ糤ԭ˴ǲ֪ԼƮƮĻԼıӲûס˺ϵ顣
Ϊ޲Ȼѡ񲻳ԣ԰ٻ̻ڵ޲ҶſǸ޷˵ٻ仰ġ
ҪȻ̻ľͲǱˣԼˡ
ٻʹζǺϲģΪ޲ұζըοٻԹ˵ľ綾ֻһ㻹ûܣǳԶ˾Իùö
ȻЩҲֻµȵĹˣ޲ҵĻЧȻôãҲǳʡ
ٻ˱ԭլĳʦ˼ٻ˾װĺÿ˰ڰ״һƷ
һӷŽﳢȻһζ
˿޲ңǲóʳģʳζͬʲô޲ȻҲȥԣֻǲݲݵؼ˼װģĳ˼ھͷˡ
Щмʵڡ
һƫٻ˾Ž߾Լ¶֮ɫ޲ҵԱߡ
㳢˵Żʱϻ崺ʵЦݣ޲ڳ
ٻͦӵġ
޲
ǾҶ鲻ô
ôǰ޲ǲܾôƷһ֮ģȻͦôɵġ
Ƕܿ޲Ҷͷϱþգûٸ޲ʲôֵֹĶ
һٷ꣬޲ҵɫˣҲ֪ǱĻǳٻԵġ
ԭ˲֪Ϊ޲ʲôһŵѯʡôˣ岻
ûסЦ̧
ڵԼǣһֵǵɫ޲ңü֮дĶġ
Ҫɵĺ£޲ҴŶҪˡ
Ͼһ¶Ǹӣƽʱʱ⡣
û¡޲Ҳĵİʲôҽ¶һɫԼ۾˵ֻǣе
޲˵Ϊ֮ʼǲе飬Ƕڲ֪ԭ˵͵ĺӱƣټԼӱΪܼƤ֮һ㺢ӱȽܹôѾܲˡ
СүԼķϢΪ˵ȻҪˡ
ߵʱԭ˻Щᣬԭˣ˵Ժ
ȻЦŴӦˡ
ȵתһ뿪ԭլۡת˸ĽԭլȥĵطǱģ޲סķ䡣
͸ĵطصĴڵʵʵܲ͸磬ɵ̨ϡ
̨شûأȵ΢΢̨ǺشһǣҲ֪ǱͿŵĻǹûء
СĽҲСֻ΢΢͸һ⣬澿ЩʲôɫĹľʵذϺ˺ڰ
ԼָͷĪģȻˡʲôŵ޲ǧٻˣϰˡ
˽ȥģָһϴֶסˣֻᳶһ˽ȥ
Ӽ߽Ƭ̵ĲӦգգЩɬ۾Ѵסˡ
޲һǸСӵģ˵ǻط˯˶סû˯Ӷ˳˷ԼʹӴϷһյƿ飬ͿԿ޲ұûʲôˣڷһѣɢҵİһߡ
ûԼ߽Ķ޲Һת¶һȫϵЦ
˵Ц

ǰ֮˵֡
Щܲ޲⸱ӣӵĿǰˣ˳Լǣ˵СӶԣ㻹˲𡣡
޲Ұ仰佱ż˳ȴԵóª
ߡ޵ĺЦ
ôҪɱ
޲˵ֻڵСӵ壬
۵ͯ
ϡ飬޲ʼļ޲һ꣬էһ޲⸱ʵЩϰߡ
ҡҡͷ޲ҰǱ߽Ѿɫϡ
ĺȻͣסˡ
Ǹߣһκ޲һսʱϵȥģǵߣڵǰԶߵ򵽵ġ
ڵƻ貵ĽߣȻ޲Ҹ˺Ŀԡ
ɫѾһ㣬¶΢ƵľͷҲ໭ı˰ѾƯˣʾư֮ܰС
ʹôı棬ʧȥǶʱҲǻزġ
޲ҲߣԵҪסǸߣ־Լõ̫ԣֳˡ
ĬƬָ̣һ类ڻߡ
޲ҡ
һ޲ҵ֣޲ҵķڶ¥ǲ±һ¥ԭ޲߹ȥľںĵ̺Ͻڸǡ
ӻóһߡ
ĵڶ滭ɫ˰
޲ɫ˰
߷޲ҵϣǸģ׵޲ЩʺԵùڴһЩ
Щ֡˰죬۵
¶˫ɫ˫ۻް
̫飬޲ҶЩǲһξ뵽Ҫɱ·
ǻͦÿġ
˰Σ˵ôһ䡣
ʵеЦϾСҲʡ
޲ҿû˵˵һ䡣
Ǹˡ
޲ˡ


85 
޲ûӦҲǷӦסˡ
׺ӲƤ˵ذʱصĵ̺ˣ¥µԭеһԼڵķ䣬ƿߡ
鵯˵ҳմϵһҳȻŵһߡ
޲΢ߣһ˫õã֮ɫ
ھһƺе̫ˣֲʵĴҸУǰϸص˻ڲݷҵӡ
Ȼǻްʹ࣬ȻܹƷζһ˿
޲ͷָ̲ס˿
ʶزеĻΪǻԣǾӸҪţıܻ̲ססӡ
ǰһͷ𡣡
ĬΣ޲ֻһ仰

ʼ˼Լ֮ǰǲ̫ˣȻ޲ұӡ
һʱЩԶԣ֪˵޲ʲôֹİ꣬޲ҵ̻ǰû
ְǸժ¶޲Ưüۡ
ǰ
̾ѵ˿Ц˼
޲ңһڵ
޲˵һá
Ƣ
Цס޲Ӥʵ⡣
˵һ顱
á
š

޲ҲˣǾϵ۵
ӳڴû˸ǵһգ
̫ˣǰ˼һʵ˾ЦԶǡô΢Цٵµĭ
ڵڴʵꡣ
һҲᣬżֺһ޵Ķӡ
ΪвЩͣʼ޲ǽŵģʱҲеܲסնˡ
԰׵ϼֺΣ޲ҵһ㡣

ۡ
޲ҿ˵ŷſ֡
ſֺܸоִеָͷȻ˼סԼ졣
еζ
޲Լ̫Ϊʲôϲ־ԼЩôˣǵ۾
˵ʵûʲôв
ԣȻƫͷ
ٸԼҪΪ޲һʱĿɰǸʮĻ˵ʵ

ƺֵֹģ޲ҿԭС忪ʼ𽥱Сļų𽥱ÿǳʮľļ⣬ͯ·޷ܱ壬޲ҵİɫ¶澫׳ļ⡣
ҽҩ󣬳ʼܵȥʹԺÿһܸܵ屻һ缡ĸо
ڱǣ޲ҵһᵽŵζ
޲ҡʱҲرܣµؿǰ޲𽥱仯ֱ¶һſ
ˣʲôûرܵģ޲ϷֲȳƵļлмĽ
ҲҪһƯļ⣬ǿϧǳΪֹ֮ͣ˳ɳôһģ
̫޲ҿʼЩ
ƫתߣֳһ¼ϹŵĺɫλԡȻϵ
ֻǴ촦΢΢¶İؿʾһ˿ɫԸС
һʼ;޲ҵǾеƵģƯйԴڸмǿֻҪһ۾ͺѻֻϧƫƫһ壬޷չԼ
̷޲֮ʱΪ޲·ļԿһ鼹оϧû뵽ڵȴȫˡ
Ȼʳ˵ĶǺӵһ塣
ôһ룬޲ȻҲȻġ
Ȼ
ڽϿĴŵɫȹŮԣнοɰĹ
ƯϸϸĴ޲ңȻָ˳޲ؿڵǵ»޲
е
֪Ͼ޲߿ء
ǰɡ̧ͷ޲ңղߣڷˡ
۾һ䣬һ䡰
塱
Բ޲һ棬ЩʻҪġ
޲ұһ庰ˣԷתŰǶβֵһļ˳
Ӧ޲ɫһ˲һ˿Ź֣Ȼֺܿظƽ
ˡ
ǸŮ޲һЩģϾ˼Ҳתͷȷʵ̫С
޲ûԾġ
һʼӽǸΪŮԻΪɷ򿪵ҽҩ˾˵оĲ֢ʲôûз֣޲Ҿһ뿪ˡ
ûüֵ˷ʱ䣬ûɱŮ˶Ĵ
ĺܡ
ʵûгɹоҩԭεģҪһɻΪڶһڽĺͼ̹Եһƻͬε£ɹ޲﷢顣
һŭŸļ̹Եһô겻ɢһ޲Ѹٵˡ
Լͼ̹ԵһݣǱµҪ
ʵ˵Ŀԣ޲ֲϣ־µĺĲ˳ࡣ
ǺĲͷµ޲ҴִȥҸڵɫ˰ˡ
ĲԿʹ

Ŷ
޲ĮɫʲôǾ޲ҵ˵ù־޲ʵڻ
죬Ѱ˼ԼӦ뿪ˡ
û׼ԭլ̫ãϾôһˣһֱﲻȥ𣬶õǮҲǰ͵ģȻǮûаǮˮƯĳ̶ȡ
Ҫˡ
ת̨߹ȥû޲Ѿֳסӣ˫ؿʡ
üָָ⡣
Ѿȥʱˣ˶䶼õĺõ⴫¥ݵĽŲ
޲ҧҧѯʡ

δƽȴߵɴ䡣
ǵͳԸдвĿȴ˼ϸ΢ί
̾һ
޲ң㻹ǵ˵Ļ
޲ãȻ
޲ҵ죬ǸӶһ
޲Ҿͬһķ˿ԣ԰׵ƤγĶԱȡ
Ǻڼס
˵Ҫһ𡣡
ָͷ޲Ǿķ˿ƽȵĽŲ
ȥ˵Ըƭġ޲Ҳ԰׵ļԭɫ۾ʼ˺ɫ
˵Ը⣬滰
˵գ޲ҵ벻ĵͷ
޲ҵ졣
֮ǰܾˣֻ޲ҵĺ޸ǣεǴ
΢ģġ
޲Ҵסˡ
ߵĽŲԽԽˡ
һֵǺܿ뿪޲һعѾߵ̨ˡ
һǻعͷǲõϦ
ˡ
ûùյ޲ϣ޲Ц
Ȼת̨һԾʧ޲ҵҰ
޲Լͣ˼
Ϣ
ŵԭĵվſڵԼӿţֻһα΢һ㡣
ԭҪһŵʱԭյԼˡ
Ű׳޲һѵģ
ˣĸס
ԭ˿һӵӣԭӦĴ©һ϶Ϧӷ϶ﴩ˳ڵ̺һơ
΢ķȱڴƢ㡣
ǸҲ˵


86 
Ů췢Լϰֵֹġ
ԤУƺһͯĥ޳Ǻ޲˵һЩĪĻЩһˣֻŮʱ򲢲⡣
ֻԼϰ岻Ծĵطҡ
޳ҩʵʱ᲻Ծͷֱ̲סǺȻ¶ЦݣʱԼһΪ˴ʲô·ÿ
ȵȵȵȣʤö١
̫ˣŮ˴治Ļǰ֮ǷǸĺһԲϾʹԴĹy޲ҡ
ǵģͯĥճˮ޲ǰϰĹԴĴࡣ
Ů˻͵͵ϵΪͬ¶鼧ѯʡ
޲Ҵôˡ
鼧òһ׳һźÿ;ƣҾŮ֪鼧˶ǳ㣬˶Ķ鼧Ǹѯʶ
Ͼô˵޲ҴҲǸ
Ůˣ鼧Ϊ˵òǴϻ۵Ĵԡ
鼧òȴûӡ
Ůѯ֮ǰĶ鼧ԼĿ֮ɫ̧ԼָԼͿʺޢµͺֱ̫ţҲԼͿŮʱ鼧ûʲôȤǶŮ˵ǹˣһͬİðԡ
οԼͷ˾İԡ
鼧ʮҲ˹y޲һ棬ҲĻη壬Ȼı䲻ҪԹϵġ
ʲôʲôŮ˵һ顱
ǺƢŮٴθ鼧ظһ顣
Ķ鼧ޢûͿˣһĿƵضŮȻ˼˵Լ뷨
޲Ҵˣǲˡ
Ů
Ȼ鼧ƽʱûʲôӣֻǵף˵ĻûʲôëֻϧûԼ׸˷̫ɡ
y޲˭Ź˵y޲ϲ˻ɱӾɱˡ
һֱֻΣղŻֵļ˷̫ɴӶ鼧ð˳
Ϲ˵ģҪš
˵Ȼ󵥷ܳ޳ǡ
鼧صԼڻֵķ仹ЩԼҸָű˵һٲϢģЩ޷޲ƽԼİԼ˷
̫
Ϊʲôô˶Ҷӡ
˷̫ɺЩԵʳ޲Ҵһ
˷̫ʶ޲ҺЩʵûʲôһ
޳ǵŮﻹϻŶ鼧Ǿ仰ͯĥ޳Ҳûйܡ
ŮԾԼǸӽ޲Ĺþֵһ죬ͯĥûиͣ
ԴӶ鼧˵ǻŮʼԼǲֲƬֳ
y޲һϲ
ңµҲˡ
ͯĥͣʳѪĶŮ
Сôˡ
ͯĥһֱԼʳʱһܷŵ£ǽŮ״̬Щԡ
ͯĥָ˾Բģ˿ϸѩ׼ֱҲԼѾһˣٵŮǰ
С㣬Ҫһ
Ůָһͯĥͱϳʮ֮⡣
ȻһλõͯĥҲЦȥմѪҺ̧ͷŮһ˫߲ʵ۾ʡ
ĲС㡱
ﻹΪϧ
ŮͷеõĶδͣ
ûͯĥҲ֣ʲôƵģ¶һϲı˵˵⼸޲Ҵ˵úܶء
Ǽϲ˰ɡ
ŮûԼõҳϡ
Ȼһӣͯĥϳ޳ǡ
ǰ׸ϳȥҲûãŮһֱڻطͯĥǾ仰
Ǽϲ˰ɡ
Ůͯĥ
ԭլ޲һȫ֪ԼѾΪġ
ɫѾǡ˯ʱ䵫ɲ޲ҵġ

ǰ̯飬һֱ۲޲ҵĻӦÿԷ޲ϵѾаСʱûзˡ
ָҳ޲ȴû˼ȥֱ⴫ԭլŮӶĽŲ޲ҲŴԼعüͷǰҳû˼ȻһƾͰҳˡ
Ǵǰûй顣
̨ϵشţҹᴵһ˿΢磬޲Ьڵذϵ

޲ವһ¾ʹԼλվˡ
ЦЦ̨ϵϿű齩Ӳ޲ҡ
޲ңҪȥ
޲ϲ˵ߵǰ
Ҫǰ˶޲˵ĳһĸԸԼʱȥһЩĵ޲ҾԻΪһЦЦ
ڣʶĻһ졣
ֻҪһ˾㹻ˡ
ҹľȻ֣ȻȰյķǽߵĴ󲿷ֶҿŵŮǣЦ۵һü֮Ҹϲá
޲
޲ҿߵŮŮ˷ײ֪߳ܡȻ˿Լߺ޲ߵֶ˶Լָ
޲ұΪֻǳ߾㹻ˣǿߵŮ޲ȴȻ֣ԭ˵治Ǽ򵥵ġ
Դһﶼܺ棬ͣͣȥһֱû˵ߵ޲ңȵӦʱ޲ҵɫѾڵĲˣðˡ
úЦԼ°ȻߵƻǵСǰ
طƻӦǺܺóԵģȻҲһΧǵϰеæðϸ
ƻǰɡ
ǮŽһԷǮĺӶԵ곤˵
곤ȻЦͬˣݸõƻǡ
ƻƯĺɫ£ҧһڣȻһǵݸ˳޲ҡ
޲üͷԲζҲ洦ɼͨƻǣǿƹµ۾ʹƵ޲ҽӹˡ
Ҳϲԡ
޲ҵ˵
Ȼ֪ǽ˽£Цеġ
֪
š
޲
޲Ҳľϡ
ҧһƻǣ޲Խڳɫ֪޲ҵŸӲˡ
û취˭Ǻϲ޲⸱ûطӡ
·вٹ￴޲Һƻǵ͵ЦϾⶫһֻĹСϲ޲˿ȷʵЩ֡
Ȱеǳ꣬Լմߵǿ޲ҡ
޲üͷĺܽͣǣ۵ػأȴͲ˵
˼޲Ҳ˵Ҳܲµʲô
޲ҽһЩˣڶֱۺ޲
޲Ҳ֪ڸͷ
Ȼһ룬ֳ޲ҵķȥס޲ҵ֡
ģûϵůġ
޲ֿһۣԭĿ˿̶Щû˦ѣʶ߬ˡ
ʵЩ˼Ͼǻһǧˣʮһڽϴҡڵ߿ɲ˵ķ
Ҫ˵ֻǵ·˵ǵһΡ
ѵõĵһΣ˺ȻЩ˼
žԶˣΧĵģֻϵһ»յ
оԼ޲ֵĵطЩʪ֪˭ĺ
ҵ
룬޲Ӧǲġ
Щģɿɿ޲ȴͬ⡣
ֱ֣޲߬Ľġ
ЩЦһ޲Ұ̧ˡ
ɿһ°ɡ
޲ҧҧɿˡ
ù޲һֻƻǣȻҧһڡ
ꡱһڰɫ졣
޲ҡһ޲ҵ֡
ôܹ꣬һŵ
Щ֣޲üͷ΢ʶطʡҲһֱ
ֻΪ˻Ŷţʲô
֪޲û˼ҲЦЦû˵
ҧһƻǣζģϲĶΪСʱûгԵ
ΪûУڲŸϲ
Űǽƻ飬ס޲ҵĲȻ̧ͷ޲ҵ촽
ཻƻǶɵ޲

޲Ҷʡ
޲һڻζ֪ζʲô
ʶһڷ㶣ȻĻ˵һ䡣
𡣡
޲ʵڿɰȻһ¾ЦˣȻѹĺܵͣ޲һ
Цʲô
޲Ҿգ죬Ц
ֳǰǸǿҵˡ
ֻǾÿġ
¶һ޹ӣ޲ҵ¶ǰıˡ
ˣ㲻ϲ
޲Ҷ⸱ûпġ
Ĭ˺ܾã֪Ҫ˵ʲôƵ˵һ䡰ûС
ʵϲ


87 
˵ҿͷлôһ˿ֵø˵¡
ôʣ޲˵ˡ
ڵʱϣܹõĻȥԼ޾֮Ψһͷٴμ
ԸȻʵ֡
ߵҧƻǾ׽࣬޲ʱʱƫͷһڿڲҧƻϣҧԼͷ
ղɹȥǿƻ͵޲ҵĶ޲Լ򦣬ƺܸоƻǵζ
Ӧǳʳζġ
֡
޲̲ס˿¹޲ҾԼƻǡ
ͷҲݴ
ԭֻɵһֱ޲߬ˣɵ޲˳ָķ϶ôߵģ
һһ˳ָĦſ϶ԼָȥȻʮָۡ
ŵĺͷӺܺõס۵ʮָȻһĻ֪˵Ŀ
ȥ˴մŵƬƫͷ䵭޲ҡ
˭뵽һ߰Įˣ˽ºһСһֶҪ͵͵ء
һʱ޲ʵڿɰӲǿԼ̲סҪ͵Цı飬װһ򶨵ģԼָ˹޲ҵֱ
һлڵסǰѧġ
ɫͻһŮȻǣһЦٵɫ۲תߵ
ͱ˰ǺѵǰʱС
һҲİˡ
ʱҲ̫ǰΪʲôҪֱֶǰһϧ˵ϹôõôǸеء
Ǹʱס
ʼΪ߳ûѧˣȻûʲôǰѧĿⲻ
ûϵһе޲ԭһ漴𾪵Ťͷ
Ȼδ˵ڣǹ⿴Ҳ뵽޲û˵ڵĻ
һˣѧֶ
Ȼ˵ԼǴǰѧģ˵޲ҴҲš
¶һãɫ޹Ŀ޲ҡ
޲ңôˡ
ﻹЩί
޲ôأſֲãղָһĶĺëˡ

ϵģǴͷʼͷӵ¡
޲ҲԼ¶
޲һôãųɫҲûŮˣҲƯŮ˹ЩҲֻСѡ
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ÿһǻŮҪڱ޲ѹեʣüֵ󶼻ᱻĸԴ
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Ϊ
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Ů˲УŮ
ƾòڼԭĻĶ鼧㹻ƯްɣΪͯĥҲҪ鼧ֳɹǾ鼧޲Ҳƽƽ޳
Ϊ޲ҵĲŮɫ֪ͯĥһٴε֪̽Լÿһζᱻ޲ִԴͯĥִ˲ƣسǰȥ
ͯĥס
޲ҲŮɫֻûԼҪ˰ˡ
Ϊ˵ͦЦ

˭ġ
޲뵽Ĳջ˲ΪʲôɫȻĶ
ֻҪ뵽˶ͬ£޲ҾѪԴӿ
Щ
ˣ޲ں˼ˡ
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û˽ҡ޲ң򶨻һֵӡ
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Ȼǽ㹴˵Ķˡ
޲֧֧˵ڣֻһ
䡰ûʲô
޲ӣȻһʶʲô
޲ǲǻûй
ⰵʾԵһ޲һûӦһ䡰ʲô
Ͼˣ޲Ҿʶ˵ʲôˡ
ԭ԰׵Ǻ죬޲ҵı˼ҧгݡ
졣

˼ضסˡ
ͨԺȻ֪Լ޲˶̲סĵҪЦ
ʵ⣬˵޲ʼΪԭôɹԺ
ֻΪˡ
ǿ޲Ҷ̬ȣҲûӡ
ȻܺЦǺǷĸоĵġ
ǳҹɫ˵ʱҧһƻǡ
·ٻɫĹ⣬ΧһСƬĵطյá
޲ң𡣡
ͻأ޲һͷ۾ȴʶˡ
Ұްͫѹǧ
Ϊһƻǵʵǻб˴󵨵Ķ
źɫƻ촽ƻҪóԡ
޲ҵͷסǡ

ȥʱǸ˶ȥɡ
޲Ҳ⡣
Ǿͺܵù޲Ҹհȥûص
ȻǵͳĻ
޲Ҵˡ
޲һعͷųļ̹ʤһ˫ѪƵͫ׼Ҫɺɫ

̹ʤֻǹ߳ͬ޲һ㱨ԼĽȣȥ޲Ҵʱŵԭլȴֿյķﲢû˿
Ӧá
̹ʤ룬ӡ޲ҲԵ޹ʾʧˡ
ʿ񣬳޲Ҿļ̹ʤԭլûп޲ȻҪܳʧ޲Ҵ
Ǻɣ̹ʤ׼ԭլ޲ҡ
Ҳܲɣ̹ʤֵʱ޲ʱ
޲ѵú۵ʱ䣬ͻļ̹ʤƻһɶ
̹ʤԼˣ·µ޲ʶغ֣̹ʤֱ޲תſ޲ˡ
ƺе졣
̹ʤʱ벻
죬ȻҲˡ
Ǹ߸ĺɫβжͷһİƣԵһʱúôڵΪԵһӵܳˡ
һϳֻ۾֪ʲôֵ
üͷ̹ʤ޲ЩлŽź顣
Ϊףû
˱ǰļ̹ʤ۰ĵܼ̹ܵԵһ֮Ĺϵ
ֻ֪˺òµĸѸٽ㡣
ǿѹ±̹ʤŵĲ죬޲һ̬ȶԼ̹ʤ˵ĲȻȥ
̹ʤ¼ĵȼ޲ҵķԸܾǹصͷ˵ǵģ޲Ҵˡ
Ĳˣ֮ǰͷһ·µ޲Һ
ʶղû޲Ҵ˵ȷ׼Ǹ˵촽
Ȣӵļ̹ʤֶĺģⲻȣȵĸ޲ҾȻһࡣ
ԺʶǰͯĥÿЦ˵Ļ֪޲Ҵϲһ˻ʲôء
ĲԭƽȵĽŲȻһ˲Ĳȣ㶪ǽˤȥ
ԼҪٺͯĥĽˣĲһ˲ҷҲϾɲͯĥŵ

Ĳ뿪ˣûС
˭
һۺĲʧںڰеıӰʣɻ
ôԵһе
ֻŵĲŨѪζ޲ҵζ
ɺϰˡ
޲Įʲôֵĵط
̫Եô©ٳ
ɵһ򶨵޲ң֪Լʲʲôˡ
֪Եһʷʱ򣬰ԼԼֳ̹ʤ֮ľȥˡ
Ŷʡ
뿪ûԵһ鷳
޲ҵƤסˡ
ûС˵
ȷûҹԵһ鷳Եһ֮
̲ס˵˼仰ѡ
ֻѡ
Ǽ̹Եһ쵰ȳ֡
Ҫ˵̹ԵһǸģûбǿϡ
޲ԼǾԼ¼̹Եһġ
Ѽ̹Եһ׸ɹҲǼ̹ʤԼԸĿɲǿȡ
Ҫ˵ֻ˵̹Եһܰɡ
y޲Į롣


88 
ձĲƻһɶûʲô˼Ҳ׼뿪
ϾطԭլԶˣ޲Լ߻ȥҲò˶೤ʱ䡣
ְ޲ҵãȻ޲ҵļ
Լȥɡ
ǰ˳ԸĨ֮X¼Ȼ޲Щ죬׼ֵһס
㲻ȥ𣿡
޲ҿ۾
⻰˵Ļе㰵ʾζǿ޲ҵ۾ȴ֪ԼˣΪ޲۾ûʲô˼Ҫ˵ʲô
ֻǵĲᡣ
ͷֱʱ˶ദʱȷ̫ˣҴ󲿷ʱԽŵ״̬Զ޲˵ʱ̵ȷѵá
޲Ϊͬ⡣
ֱ޲߽һе̫ˣ޲˰벽
֣˵޲ҵҪߴ׳ģǰ᲻Լʱơ
޲ˣԼǰ޲ֻ֮ңˣͷ޲ң˾̫õ˴˵Ϣ
޲ҸоԼŻˣӣΪӦ
ûС
ҲҪ
ɴľܾˣһΰ޲ҸҺԼȴѸٵĳ޲Զ

˻Ǹ𣬳һ뿪ˡ
ֻعͷ˿޲ҡ

и޾㹻ˣ޲ҾҲĵͷ
һĲҽӴʱƺĿɰˣΪ־ʹĵɡ
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ԭլѾϨ˵ƣӶ˵סðˣ޲Ҵ԰ߵԼ̨£һԾ̨˷䡣
Ĳڵ̺ϽԼֵһ߰صȴ޲ҡ
޲Ҵˡ
Ĳͷһ̬
޲û˵ߵԼóһҽϵ鲻֪˶ٻأԵ޲ҿôôҩȴȻûƳܹԼͬһµҩ
˵
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˿ĲȻɻ󣬵޲»ôԼǿǲеģȻҲ޲ҵԸ
˵ĶѯʣԾĲҲûѯʡ
һ㱨ԼȣĲȻ޲Ҫȡõɫ˰û˿Ľչ
ܱǸ޲ҴˡĲͷ޲ҵĳͷ٣Ȼûҵɫ˰ټ
ĲѾܵͷ׼ǽûûеȵַ·ȫ˺ѵʹഫ̧ͷ޲ңȴ޲վǰһڿ
Ĳ߲޲ϵһһµĺ档
޲Ҵˣ
Ĳһλһ޲ҵ֡
޲ǲŷӦƵģŵ߷һƫͷ˺Ĳ
޲ҿźĲźĲ;˺ͼ̹ԵһǼһﲻһ̹Եһĺ覴ͬһԣ̹ʤһԥ־Ҳ
ĲηԼͬƵĽʿһȥԼĽδҪǡͬһ̹ʤҲԹԼĵܼ̹ܵԵһ
Ǽ̹ԵһȴһкȻ˼̹ʤױȵΡ
ʱ͸պͳļ̹ԵһûжãȻˣ̹ԵһùôҲҪü̹Եһù
Ц޼ֵܣһȴһмʺԹޣƵպͬѪԵȴͬİ·
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޲Һ뿴ֵܷĿʲôӣǺ͵Լһ
ǿ󡢽Ҵϻ۵ֳԼӵŲڲݷĲȴΪֻܹӲдݷֵܵѰȴȻ޷Լļ֮ġ
ոһյڲ֮ʱֻ˶Բݷ˵һλ۰ֳ
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ڵ޲ƺ˵̹࣬ʤ֮ĵס
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ĲٶǰʼֻǺĲˡ
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ߵ·̹ʤǸоʲôƵĴԼ·óһŵĶ
ܾˣΪԶëߣɫҲ΢΢ơ
̹ʤ򿪣һ¾ɵĶ̵ѡ
ڳһϳ˭Ķ
Ǽ̹ԵһСʱͬ䱦һϧصģֳĶ̵ѡ
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޲Ұ·ϷֿͻصԼסõ꣬ΪλôڷУԾڲ˵ǽȴһҲ١
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¥ϵĲʵƻڲϵı仯ɫǰò֪ǽ޺ơ
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ɡ
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ƵĹԭһ˵ֳΣͷȥȴǴһɫƺͷŮԣ߻һɫͷꡣ
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Ϊˣûڲ˵һ˲Ѹٳ鵶նɱ
ǰɱ𣿡
ЦЦؿǰȻں޲ҹϵܣҲԹ顣
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Եʷ¶۵ɫ֪ڲǲʱǰվһԲ
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89 
ʷվſڽĵĵȴ˰죬̸ЩʲôΪõĸԺܺ壬ֻ϶ģ
ʱ䲢ֻмӵĹԭյķžʹˡ
˳ɫһ񾲿ʲôĺۼ
߳ţתڵ΢΢˵ҺʷҪ뿪ˡ
ﱳ˲ûгͣҲֻһ
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סʷɵĸ첲ʷɵ֣ࡣ
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ıʷɴδȻګګվԭأĻ˵ͷ
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뿪õʱʷɺĬһ·ڻ̲סʳ˿ڡ
ˣΪʲô˵İƭô죿
ʷɶ˶мľĺͲθУο˽⣬ȻȻΪе֮⡣ΪκͰĽûȫȥֹж
ʷɵǣȻҪȥԣ֪ҪԸy޲ңƾǲеģҪȡ
ʺϵѡ
ģʷɡ
ڵǻްɫ̾һ
룬y޲ôԣǶ˵վǲͬġ˼֮»ľ˵ͬҲʹࡣ
Ͼ˭ø˺Ǳӡ

һ̸ô죬Щ
ȻЩƣǸ׼ϢƬ̣ȴ˷ϵӵͭʼζ
ͭȻ粨ư㵴ľ档֮л˱˰Եһ
ƣ֮ɫȥ¶Цžеı˰Եһ˵֡
˰ͺܿģо赲˵˰˵ϱסĲӲ
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ǰ˰ΪĵضԹƺţԵһҲûΪʲôȥ
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͵͵˲֪ٴΰ໹ԼĹƵԵһͷϵı˰ı졣
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Լ̹ʤ˵ǧûʱ֮Уֻڴ֮ʱһεüǿ׳ֳ
ͭеԵһϴεʧ䣬̫ĻԵһҲϸ˵ȻܹоԵһеǹɰû֮顣
һҪػ˶ûػáԵһĻ˳
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߬Ų豭ַָΪȶ׵ɫ֪ʲôοԵһǻͷ룬˵ʲô޲ġ
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Եһͭеľʧٴαͨͭģ
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ӵ޲ңѡԵµЩ¡
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90 
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ûϵģȻ㸸ȥˣһĸһ۰ġ
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޲ܸоĴڣȻҲܸо޲ҵĿ
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ǾԲԼŵĺΪ̫˲Ų˴ģﲻϲĺ˶һȺ߽Ĵһ㱻Ҳǻá
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ڲںеʶҪӺðͷԼ޲Ҵ˴к˳޲Լ⼸յõĹں͹ɱӹϵеĶ͵֮Ϣ
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ʱԳΪצˣϲСòװԵӣҪ޲һֱôԾͺˡ
޲ܳˣҲ֪ôôһССĺģ
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޲ҵͷɢĴڶߣϴùļ׵ԡ£ʲôأ޲ȴ˸ߵĸо
Լͣ̾һ
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ǰ˵֣õɫ۾̲סǰס
ϲ㡣
˵ʲôһĺá


91 
ʲôĸоأ
Ǵݽļ¶Ǻڸоķҷ
ʼ۾ϵģƮƮӯëԹֻһ⡣۾ʼǿһ˲ϯ˹y޲ҵȫ
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ƮƮƤϣȻһ֡޲֮ǰʶر۾ȵ뿪Ǿ̵ıŮ˻ĽëŲ˲޲۾
Щʣ޲֮ǰź˲ٵˮǴʱ˿̵ĺȴƻȼա
ָ޲Ҿͷϣ⻬ķ˿ָᡣ
ͷ޲ҵͷ෴޲ԴЧȥһͷƯľȴֱϲЩӵĶ˿һͺˡ
޲෴ΪӦʱڵķף޲֮ǰѧִʽԼǰĳˣЩϧӡһͷ޲ҽͷģǺÿŶ̷ʱûеķϡ
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޲ҵͷ¶ź
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סõĶ㣬Ϊҹֺܷ㵽ҹϵ˿ȥҲû˿ļ٣ΪûжþǾռʱˣ⼸յ˳Խ˶Ϊռ׼
һһȵռȻܴѯ޲ҪҪμӣǻûʳ޲Ѿһ˵˳
仰޲ұ˺ܾãֱڲʳڡ
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ԼȥμռϲȺ۲Ļʼ޲ûʲôȤġҲֻŻϲֺķ·Ҽһû˿ȤΪ
ֱȥһ޳ǣͯĥǼһԼ½Ķ鼧м˷̫һġ
޳ǸЩûǲʱõ쳡
޲Ҳ˸ϳȥǻûͯĥͼ˷̫ɾͷޱ鶢ǵ޲ҡ
޲Ҵˡ
˷̫ɰö鼧Դ޲ҵˡ
޲Ҵˣհ
ͯĥԼǽĺɫ·ŴӲĽɫЦеس޲Ҵк޲ҶͯĥŤֻĮͯĥĥôͯĥгƨļֽ̽ϳȥ
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ѽ޲ҴˣҺͶ鼧м˷̫վҪռ˵ǱҲҪˣ𣬴ˣͯĥеЦеġ
޲ҲעҲԭŮ䣬ֻûʲôȤûйע
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ͯĥգգ۾ȻԼˣϾصֻҪ㹻Ѫָܻɲϲˡ
y޲ԽԽûģͯĥ̽һͨĩ˻޲ҡ
޲Ҵˣռʺ̸˵ʱѽ
ͯĥ˼Զ׼ߥ޲ҺμӾռкܹã޲ȻϲԣȴѾЩˡ
ҵŮͽ˵Լĳռٰ̻ϽǲŶء
ͯĥ޲ҲţԼͽӡ
޲ҴΪʲôźԼϲȥһأ
ǸҲΪ޲ҴĶɡ
鼧һٶ꣬Լĸ˷̫ɵ簮»Ů棬ֻԸϵĶòࡣ
ԭ֮ǰиҲǡ鼧̲ס죬̻һ̼ҵСү˽
ͱԼҵĸ˷̫ס͡
޲ԭֻһĶôˡ
ĬĬһֻԼһδŮͯĥһۣȻֵͷ
Ů룬㵱޲Ҵֳ鰮ͨ
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޲ϲ˵װʲôͯĥһ٣¡
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ԼƽʱĥʱĻѧʵҲû
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ͯĥˣŮͽ֮أ
ͯĥЦеػԼӣĳΪȥˣԼһͬȥ֡
ȻʵԸͯĥһݽףЦӾĺӣ˭뵽˶Ѫ⣬ҰԵˣԼžۡ
ڻعζһͯĥ¶˻ζı顣
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޲ѵ룬װһ˼ӣ޲ǰԥ˰ҲûлӦԼҪҪȥ
ȥǺòײʳڵ޲Ҿͱﻵˣ޲ƤֲߴٵӣڵȴʱɫԽԽڡ
ҪȥĻռҲûʲô˼ˣ޲ҶЩǲʲôȤģǽ֮ǰ޳ѯʹ޲ҲῪĿڡ
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޲ͷŭͯĥȫǵԼĴ
޲ҵɫԽԽԽڵʱ̵ͬˡ
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޲ұˣõֻһˣҲֻڴϵԡʾղŻһ
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ѻٶȺܿ죬ҲѡʹΪɱӽĹߣĸʱѻڸϵ˲ݷС
Ϊ֮ǰѹٶȣڵĲݷҫջڹƷһƷ裬Ƕȴ飬ѻĴʮԡ
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ݷҫѯԼߵ
ݷ˵һǡ
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ݷҫյɫһ˲𾪣ǺܿͷӦָ̻򶨣ΪϢÿࡣ
ѵõĻᣡ
ݷҫץӵֱۣΪĸ첲Щ֮ҪǼõy޲ʵĻᣡ
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ͬʱͬĳҲСڡ¶ˮµ˵ϡ
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ǵù͸


92 
ɱӺ޲Լ֮սϢˡսϢΨһܹ֪ľԭɱ֮ĹϵѾȫߵ˹
ʼɱڰǧɱֻܱѹŴҲֻսʱüһʱ䣬Ƕʱ̫ݣܿɱӾͽƲӵʱµǸѵĳʤ׷ʱ򣬲ݷҫղܲץάֵĽ֡
ʱ֮һС͵ϻڲݷĿ
ʱٻصϼʱ͸һɡ¶ԼСԼڲݷլĹڵȴԼݷҫյĵ
ݷҵŮȶ˼ȲݸϵȴļλȻˡ
֪ǻʲôأ¶ΪڳļλǻһðĲ豭ѯʡ
˵вǶأ
ҲʲôҪ˵ɣδСڳһԵѾ˵˳
۴ɴȻһֻ۾ܹȴδԹˣļҲܺõļ̳һ㡣
ǹҵϢҲ˵
ԭ¶۾¶˲õЦһͷӣɫͷº񶼱úÿ˼֡
ڳ˶ʿ¶õһжм⡪֮ΪΪǡ
Ȼʮ궼ĸ̥solo״̬жȹ׶ΪɫǿؾܾǸ¶һʱȴȻһȻֹۻϵ̬
Ļů֮˱ҫ۶ĿֻҪվ㹻Ŀ⡣ֻȻΪŮǸ¶ȴƫƫԸ֮´֦ҶȻ˵ҪڹɱѰһλǿķĸ¶ȴƫƫԣȫûв֮ѶĽ
һûܺ˵ϻˬڱ̲סءһ
Сڰ԰û֮ʱԼ֮ǰʦ̸ͷһתܵСϡ
տҲǳ˧¶ǳɫ۾ӯӯˮǲǴһ顣
ǻµ·𣿡
ѾϲĲЦݣ¶ϸһƬĺΡ
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ǵģСڰ¶Ǹ˿֪һ¶ͬߵС
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Сڳ˳Լı˵
֮ķΧȻȻӳɫݺͻֻ꣬ϧ߶һЩкӣֱݷҫձԼӲ˹
ڲݷҫ̤ǰһţڳѾ񣬵ʹͷԲݷҫ˵ˣհ
հҵĺǡݷҫմʱ״̬϶ϸǻҾͷˡ
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ݷҫ¶ЦݣȻ˵Լ¡
գһҪϢߴҡݷҫȴؽ֮ҪϮ֮Ϣ˵˳Ѿǰһ͵תƣΪ˱ݾ߻һֶ͵
Ϊ˱ʣµǣԼֵĶҪȥ͵֮塣
ձأ˽ǳĬ
Ȼʵ֡¡̻ԪʱҪ޷ĸڵĻǿġ
ôҲδ֮˽¶һԾԾԵɫΪΨһֱ֮лҲ޾⣬ִֵϣ״ĵѾתԤΪһμӵ̿ɡ
һὫģ
һϲʱ͸һɴʱҲ¶˼ᶨɫ
¶ҿȻԼǹľһͺһ䣺ͣ
ӿɰڳļ˶̲סЩʧЦ

ı⼸շŲ֪ʱҪٵĹϮǱߵ̿ɸոոԪŮģ˻֮в̽Ԫλŵ١
ھĳùڣڴϱĿ
ؽˣ͸ֻһƬĻɫʱԭյķȴȻһţųֵѸϢƾ޶Գ˼ֹ졣
ų˼ͱ˴ˣ߳˳ֵϢɫƤЬڵذȴûз˿죬ֱӳŴϵȥ
Ҷ͸ĵطѾڵ߰˰˲ûͻȻڵ޲ҾıɹΨдµһ˿յ͸¶ʱʱ̣ӽɫӷ϶ðγһббĹĲϽĽëϸСëյ˺֡
ֻʱϢ״޲ЩɻǰȥĴͣ½Ų޲˯գʹƵա
Ǳ紵Ĵǵƶӽɫ벻䵽޲ϡ

еĶ˵У㹻ùصΪ֮ʼ޲Ҳ⣬ֻǱһյֱ޲ԭ⻬־ǱһѸٵķڱ忪ʼð˺̡
޲ѸٵջסԼɹ˵ֱΪʹϱŤﲻڴֱ̲סʹĵͷҲΪʹ
Ѿ޲ҿ뿴޲ʲôҪֱ޲ǺȻ仯ʹѸۿ޲ңǡÿ޲ұɹ˵ֱ
ȿٵؽ¶ķ϶ãӴץס޲ҵ˵Լǰ
΢ָǵ޲ұɹ˵ֱϣ޲ұȴ˼ʹ
ӵ޾ǿأô࣬ԶҲ޷ӴֻһҹС
СЦˣȲ֪ʲôţֿ޲ұɹ˵ֱЦ˵컹ҳ֣ǻ𣿡
޲Ȼ۵ǿ⸱ԭʹöЩ΢ˡ
ûС޲侲Լϵ˿ڡ
Ϳˡ
ʲôáǿ޲Ǻ޲Ѿϰߵģֱ
޲ֱϵƣĿ⸴ӡ
⸱ģڹ𣿡

޲亹ֱðȻֱ˿ϣǲûƤµȴȻڲͣƻϸ
û壬ˡɫ˰𽥱԰׵Ƥǣ޲ִ覴õĲָ˳Żƣ΢ָⴥůļ޲¶ȡ
ˣҲͲˡ
ֽ°ϵ߬סˡ
ɲһڵҲǵ޲ҡ
ҵǾãڵĻҲü޲Ц޲ңԸȥ𣿡
˵⻰ʱɿ죬滹ֻڿЦ
޲û̴𸴣Ŀؿ˼Ǿܾ
Ը𣿡
ַס޲ҵͷһͿ޲ҵļϣ޲ڴأڴп޲ϻͦ޲ҿ۾˶ԼƤ˵Һˡ
ҵȻԸ⡣޲ʮָۣǵ
һƬž˺ƵͬʱҲֲ徿һԼĺˣҲ֪˶޲Ҳųƽ
Ҫڵˡ
޲˵Żʱ侲ԭҴĹˣǹܹ̫ҩȻûȡʲôЧḶ̌ټݲ޲Ѿԭ򸾼Ҵȥӡ
Ŷ
ʶӦһȻӦ޲˵ʲôתɻѯʡ
Ҫô
˵򵥣ôĺʧԭôܲѰ
޲ȴ侲ÿӲŰɡ
˵赭дӣȴ㶣ֲܾ֣֪˵
ⲻ޲һŶԡ
ȷǲ޲һ飬޲ʼ趨šĸԭ򸾲Ŷԣԭ򸾡šĵڶ죬ټҽҩ˾ͻ䵽Ȼֵԭӵľ˾ϣֺһеļƻȻֹ
ǰ޲ҲòԼЩùĻ˼ϲ˵ϸҲ֪ϲ
ڴص޲뵽Ŀ΢ȻֵѼӷʵϧǳԶ˵ȴһʲ


93 
ڶļԭ߸ŵ޲ҡ
Ϊʲôһ뻹ھһܵ˺;ʮǧĶҪ޲ҳ˵ˡΪ޲صģ߿ռѪŮӵܹ޳ǵѪ֮⻹ӵпԽ˴͵طѪ֮Ķ鼧ļԭȻҲܹ͵ĵط֮һ
˵޳һûоͷĿռ䣬ʵһ͵תվ
һ̤ռŤߵ޳ǣͿ˴źͷϻõŮȻϵټ޳ǺпѪγɵģǱصĿռ֮𺳡
һŮһͷɢúԼİֻ˶۾ͷ֮£ǽƾ¶İȻܹŮʼ毺õò
Ů°ȻŮҲԱԼϰİĻ档
޲ŵ޲˫ֽաֵĸо޲ұЩ֣лҪ洦䣬ҲԽ޳˵ֻǽյġ
ȻҲŮС
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޲Ҵ˴ߵˣȻȷžɫòǡôһȫȫͷβԲŶ԰
ͺŮǰŮǰõҲ㳶ϡ
뵱ʱͯĥǲ΢ЦͺŮ֪ʲôö
͵ڸղŮҵƿˣȻŮܿ͵µ޲ҵע⡣
ڸʲôŮ
޲üͷ΢壬Ŀ¶⣬ͷһμŮҵܷʲô²ŻŮʧ롣
Ůͷϻ̳Ͽ֣˵Ǹˣҡ
ŮҪԼʧԭ򣬵޲ûǸȥŮĿ䵭ˣҪȥ鼧
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ԭʱߵ㡣
¶˼ر飬Լ֮ǰǸӵˣͰ޲ҵ֮һͯĥɵǲôһ˲ŮĿռ֮ˡ
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ֻǵĿŶ鼧ò˭뵽һ̳˲֪ٻŮԺĹء
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ŲһתȥԴֱ֮ڳĴǰͣס͵еζһͷƽɫġŮס
ζϤܿԼڹɱסǶദСֻǸݵģӵһͷƯĲӽɫͷ

˳˼
ֻҪһͺˣ޲ҹĶ鼧֮һΪɱӵĳԱ֮һݻᴩŮװ˻ֵĿȻҡ
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ݵζߵĵطԶѰһεĵطûе̫ãϲݾܵ

һɻ󣬡Ҳ˵йû𣡡
ҡҡͷʳָʾݰһЩѸٵص˵ͷȻѹ¶顣
ô⸱ӡ
漫ˣ˭ģ
ϵıǱ࣬¶ҧгݵģ˵˵йڻֳûԼ飬ŶʧˣȻͰһ̿ץֲأ
ɶΪʲôȻŰ
¶ֶּʵı飬һ˫ɫ۾ȼΪĽĻ档

ĵ
ԭˡ
˵ͷ뵽ͬǱ뻨ֵ̿ɺƽ֮üͷһЩǡ
̿
һĨһ˵̿ɺȥĵꡣ
й𣡡˵쭳ᣬ¼ɱԼûȢӾû
һûн鰡ء
ַͷǰ˵ǣй֮
İûʲôãϵˮĸˣһֵģҪʰҪߡ
ϡң
һɣҾԻɣҲ
߰ɣôҺòء
ݿʵЩ۾ҪһϵЩױݾͱʪˣЩİ/ۡ컹üۻһݵӲһױݡ
ûӣûȻݲ˲
˰쾢Űסֵݣ侲ݣڲ㺦µʱ򡣡
ݲӽɫ˵ݣǿҪ뿪ˣڻֵô죿
̿ǻ뿪𣿡
Ȼǲģ̿ɵǸɵɵӺϲеεԸ̿뿪ǲܵ顣
ίͰ͵ҡҡͷϺһŵĻױƷ˳㻹ߩߩӡ
㲻һɱ
ݻûʳڣԶԶľ˽

޲ҵԶʶҪðͷȥۼֿؽƵһطţź£ʱþɫ˵һ䣺Ҫ
Żϣʾ⣺Ҫ
һ㶣ֱǵԶƵֵ
ǳӵеġֻй
һޱǿĶ

޲ߵǰô
󿴣ֻͺͺĲݴԣԶǾݵĹͿһ̸ЦĳĿǰļѩ׵ظϵĹЦٻ⣬ָⶼŷɫ
ߡɫ糣޲˼Ȼס޲ҵ֣Ͷ鼧˵ˣ
޲߬ů֣˵ͷƣȴվ½ǵһɫķĩ
޲üȻ˵һ䣺š
ʱԹˣղڶ鼧ﻹһӡ
Щζ
ôղЦĲǻͦĵ𣿡գգ۾ִ˴޲ҵؿڣ΢Ĳˬ
޲ԭ䵭Щ磬˺Զ鼧ʱһĻȡ
𣿡
ˣΪÿǾ֡
̫Ӧˣ޲⸱ӿ
˰֣̾Ϣһˣ̫ˡ
޲Щ΢Ĳˬˡ
˵ĽŲԽԽԶһյķݾֵԼͱӣԼĺǸǿĶע⡣
ȵŲԶԶʧݲŶȴ
֪ΪʲôһͬУϵƺܲӡ
ɱӵĳԱһỳݣȻƽʱԸųСʵȴһϺˡ
񵱳һκ̿ʱ򣬾֪̿һֻǻ֮±һȻ⣬ûų
ҴӸղŵĶԻҲеĶ鼧ܾǲڻеĶ
˼ţݾص˸ղϰζߵķ䡣
⸱ģŮ𾪵غ˳ô£ӡ
ϸôͳ⸱ӣ
ֻñһͨϹоյضȹˡ
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Լõݶ۵̿ɺƽ֮ݶԪҲʼߵװݶһݵĳ֡
˵й
ƽ֮ݶڴ󲿷Ϣʱ˳ʱݵ̿ɴժҰͷ׵ƽ֮Ưò꣬ʹֵױҲûڸŴòݶݵĻ۽𾦵ˡ
̫£һʱҲ˵壬֮̿Щʲôֻһ㶵ģ
ˡ
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һ١
̿ɿ⸱Ӿͻˣܵǰǵѯʣô£ݣôˣ
ݿ̿ɾ̲סۿˮܿմ͵ôеЦ
ô£
֮վһԿЦݿ޵ĸˣ֮뵰
ˣҪˡԪߵǰ˿ˣĨҩͺˣһ˿޿ظʲô
˲צҪԪһܣǱԪְסͷһƿҩ
ˣ˵鱨
ݺòײű̿ɰο侲ȻͰ͵˵Լڵľݵ顣
ݵĻާǹ̿ɵݹͣҼˣͨ˵Ĳһ
ûСˣ
¶ίɫϵˣģ
ɶأ㳤ĺÿҲŮˣ
Ļױȴѵ׵ͺĶ鼧ŮԶ鼧̽ԵĹΣͷĻݽס˷Ķûö鼧ɡ
ȻȻҲˤˡ
̿ݵͷοҪݣˡ
һϲŮԵ˵ĻһǺܻˡ
һҰԵ֮ҲЩˣ̿ɵĻοݡ
ݱ̿ɺޣȻͰ͵˵ԡ̿ɣܰü޸𣿡
̿ɷӦѸ٣ԣݡ
ݣQWQ
ίͰ͵صͷڼ˽̸֮Լжʱĵס̿ɵ䡣
̿ɡû¶ʼǸŵģ̿˵Ҽˡ


94 
鼧ˣֳͬ˷̫ɣ޲뿪ĵڶϡ
˵͹ɱӵļһһѰֶˡ
˵˻ǲңһ˻Ȫ··ϴҲµ
˵ֻ֮Ͼ͹ɱӵͷһܣְеƽ⣬ʱ񱻴һ㡣
޲յϢʱǴԭݵʱҲ֪ɺϻ쾩ЩˣģҪˡ
ܵĸʱ޲һȲ裬ԭլϢûˮȻſڵ¶һȻ˲ŵģˡȵԼķȴѾһƬǽ壬ĶѾˡ
y޲ҾһƬϡ֮УΨλеĲյȱġ
ƤЩõԤС
޲ﻹðĲյİ˳ſƮƯڵģ塣
ʱҹϡżֻõɫ
ƵĳƮİʱ谵޲ҵ飬ֻǸоҲܸоʱ޲ҵɲ̫
Ǹݣôô
޲߹ȥ˵ʱűߵƬߵһߣϴμʱ˳Ǹƿ˸ϡ£˳ַĻҲͰ͵ġ
޲̧ͷһ˫÷Ƶ۾˶ɵĶǣܽǵ˶ݺݵҧһ
Ϊ¡
޲˲ͺѹŵŭ𣬿Ĳᡣ
ЩƬɨʱƬײϡϡ״Ʋʣôˣʲôˣ
޲û˵ɫ˭ǷǮ˫ֱضǰЦûʲôܡ
ǾƯƤ²ʲôΪ֪Ķ
޲ҵɫ糣ߵ޲߿ԼͬŪ̾

һǳӣﻹŽ
޲ұ˰Ȼ۾ԼĴȣͳҲԡ
ĿẠ̊́޲һȻЦĺܵؾֱ޲ҵĴϡ
޲û뵽һƨȥͽסˣλϸľͷһ
Ҿˡ޲գգۣɫúܣֻ޲һ˻޹ġ
𡣡
޲ңǿģôͲҶ

޲ҵͷǰԼȻﱧȴ
ЦʱĵЦ
Ĳ豭ˣֻֿյģ޲ԥƬȻʶشļϻϡ
̫ˣڵԼ
޲ҼȻݣƺҲûݡ
Ǽ⣬ˡ
޲ұ˱ۣȻ˵˳
鼧ĸ˷̫ˡ
ڸղš
Ķ˶٣Ȼ޲ҵĲ豭һˮ
Ŷ
Ԥϵˣ쿴ݵ֪̿ɻڣԤϵ鼧
ʲôأʲô
ֲʶҲû˵䣬͸ɱĳ˵Ķ
ڲԺҲǻġ
ķӦ𣿡
޲Щ󣬿˶Լ죬ʶԼĻЩࡣ
̧֣ۿ޲ҡ
ҪʲôӦ
Ĳ£ѵһҪ𣿡
Ҫ޲ҵĻ֣޲һҪǲǰвʲô
޲ʵ⻰ʵͷԼҲʶˣüͷ˷ꡣ
û˵Ų豭˵һֱ޲ҵǵıԵ̽
޲ңҿԽ㣬ǲһ¡
ûɱǣѾǺòˡ
Ż˲ˬ
޲ɫ࣬˵
¶һ۵ɫ޲ҵȻž޲һڡ
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ֻġ
޲ң
޲ŭƫƫ˵Ļе㿪ġ
ΪԼ˶ԸһѾ̫߳Ľˡ
Ҫ޲ҿȻԼȥҪġ
ǣ޷Ҿ֪鼧ûá޲˵ȻǴ֮Ѫĵطʼģûаֵ
˼˵رõʱɲӵİ
һػӡ
ֶж١
޲ƮƮ˵һ䣬Ƕơ
ǵЦӲˡ
ڣǲ֪ڵҪѾŵȥˣǻӲ
Ҿɱ١
޲ң
޲ңܳ
޲ͷϣʼ߶߶޲Ҳš
ԭȥ񡣡
˵ﲻסЦӲǽǵĻȳƽ۽ǲڵᡣ
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һʹӣɥǰ
޲ɫڣҧгݡ
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޲ң
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ʰʰ׼μԭ򸾼Ҿٰԭ񣬺ף³ʲô¾;ϢȻٶͦ죬ԭ򸾻ϸͦܵ˻ռײһʵڵùӺ󣬲Ȼϵþ;ˡ
ȵ죬ΪӦԭ򸾴źɫĺͷһޡ
ǿడȥˣòһӣȴΪûˡ
˶ԼǲûŮԵ
ԭ޵Ĳ㱳ȥ
μĳԭ򸾻ཻ˺ҵ顣ഩźɫĺͷźɫװؿڱһ׻üһĵӡ
Ǽײģмأ
źɫĺͷﻹһɫĻߵԭǰ˵һ䣺ڰ
ԭĨصĿޣôҲ벻ͨúõĺôûˡ
˵Զ޲ˡ
̧ȥ޲һװվԶԶһ棬ûߡ
Ͼ޲ҳ̫񳤴ĿˣֲмȥαװԼòȻԳ⡪ԾվԶǹײŵ޲ԼѪ̬
Ҫ޲߽ˣϳֻԭӲһɶӡ
ء
ԭ˵ûͣʱԭ˵ļοˣҲѹġ
ԭص˵ͷȻǳ˵ҲкˣԺټĹ˾Ҫˡ
û취˭޲ҺȻ뵱ˡ
һһ߰οԭˣԭ㡰ӡڵڱˡ
ȵƵߵ޲ߣμԼĸоô
޲һۣȻתĹ԰ߡ
͸ˡ
Ҳ⸱ӣ̫λ붼Ӷ˲٣ߵ޲Ȼǣס޲ҵ֡
˭Ҳ⡣
ɼˣ޲ңôôûǲأ
޲սˣǺַܿӦѸٵɿ
޲ûŶȻ϶ϡá
Ŷ䵭˵һҲᡣ
˶ǣô֪
עĲģ¡
޲ߣϺȻϸϸܵСּ꣬Ĭشʪ˵һ꣬ȥˡ
룬ó׼õɡԼ޲ҵͷû޲Ҹߣɡ֧ʱʱ޲ҵԴ
޲ң
޲ɡ
Ǹߵĺʱ䣬ʲôʱ˵ƺ˵ıįɫʡ
޲ֳ֣ɡƽǰȻ˵һ仰
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޲ʵ̫ϲȥ£ʲôûģһֱעصڣҲֻǰĶʲôȥȥͱڽˡ
ǿһƬƲҵӣ޲ԴۣȻ˲ݷȥʱ
ʱ޲Ѿ뿪˲ݷң֮û֮ϲΪʳĹﲻﶼݲ¡
޲ȴڲݷѾӵʱҹɫ˲ݷһ档
绪ïĲݷͱ˺׷ƤˣڲһϢһ˫ͫǲֱƼµ޲Ҳ΢͸һ⡣
޲ҡ޲ȥ
ݷڼʮǰʧĵܵܣΪǼ޲ҵꡣ
޲üͷס˲ݷɱ֡
ֳ
ʼļ֮ڼ˥ϵĲݷʱʧˣ޲ȴصĳС
һǸԶӵֳ
ݷ޲ң˶ƤӺ˵ʲô
޲ƣݷֶ˶͡
Բ𡣡
ǰݵۿȻһᡣ
޲ʲôԲأǶлݷİܵõԼŶԡ
ֻʱֳԺĵʱҲزȥ˶ѡ
ûʲôöԲģֳ
޲ѵöԲݷ¶Цڻĺܺá
ǲݷǶ϶³һ
Բ𡣡
Բû㽡
Բʧȥϲˡ
Բûзʹࡣ
ԲΪǵİѹǿϡ
Բûкúý

Բ
Ϊֹ㽨˹ɱӡ
޲һϣŲݷΪƣ뻺˯ȥ
һʱѾǲݷˡ
Ҳ죬ҲǱ̹ǣ޲ԶԶؿǸɫĹ餱˵صס
Ȼת뿪ˡ
Ӵ֮󣬲ݷҲûκιϵ


95 
޲һլȥˡ
·ʱʱйƼ͵͵ЦȻҲǻһЦ޲ƶһѷĵ
֮ǰõҲˣ޲һٳǸģһǮȻվ·̾
ûסĵطô죿
޲֪ǿЦҲϷȻֶһǳ˵
ȥ
ͺ޲ˡ
Ҿۼʱ޲ҩʵķ￴飬ʵܿûмȫЩĪҽѧ飬òײŴĽǽ﷭ҷƵͯ
֮ǰµģ޲ҾȻҲûˣҡ
ܿɳ·Ҳ
ȻµʱͷԼһطǰȥûãŮ޳ǡ
ֻڵķǵŵ״̬޲ڵķԵˡ
޲һõιԹҩѾˢˢعԴ޲ҡ
޲Ҵˡ
ͯĥڻָǸղű˴һһɳϵ߲ʵֺ档
һԽǱտڲԣȴ㵵֮ǰżõ
ôˡ
޲䵭
ͷԼղŵľȲ
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޲ûм׷еĶ֮˷̫ڹɱе顣
Ϊ鼧ͼ˷̫ɵߣͯĥȴ˿㵣Цض޲˵ҵĹҪ°˫۾𣿡
޲Ӷͯĥ۾ȤҲ󣬵žһ¡
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ͯĥ
޲վһû˵Ȼͯĥ۾ûһȤ
ͯĥҲţ˵˵Ĳˣ쵽Լ۽Цݲá
ѽѽ~û뵽¾ϲҵ۾أܳ
ȻͰҵ۾Ϊ͸ɡ
˵ͯĥ۽ǵָҪۿȥǱĵĹǺӳеƫͯĥԴͯĥĶͷһĺۡ
ͯĥͷһ¶ɫ
ˣҪˡ
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*
ûʲôҲⲻòκ͵飬žͻصլӣԵȣõĲС
Ե¹أԺյãԺľ¹žһˮ
ԶԶأܹԶռϵĻЦǽ⻹дľСžžڽԶĽŲ
Ҳȥֻ޲ҳûҪˡ
ӳȥǱ飬ЩϧȻȥ**Ǳ˵Щδһ͸ͯĥԴˣʵϧ
ߵԺĳߣ滹мβɫĽеڳȥʱʱðˮһʵĿڳߣ̽˳ˮĺ˹ͷꡣ
Ϊͻŵܵһط۳˶ѣȹӣûʲôΣ˾͵ӴˣҡβɴƵģŵڳˮζӸһЩĻλƵεֱߣȻϸϸָܵ⡣
ģҲۡ
һ̲סüۡ
мӣ㶺֣˳ӽȥӲؾ˵Ľϲԣ֮ǰΪʲôģԽûûζɴ඼ι˳㡣
ӲķʽӲССļ飬ӽﱻˮǣȻβŰЩȥˡ
޲ҴլˣȻվι㡣
ιȥͳˡ
޲һôã֪Ľ󣬾ιĶǶƵġ
һ٣Ȼµվ޲ңһҲ֪Һ޹ӡ
һΪûԱΪԼ⣬Ǽųء
޲ң
޲ҾԼ̾Ĵվ
㲻ֻ֪ҪͻһֱԣֱԼ
޲ҿʼ͡
𡣡
ųǼƯĽõˮ漤һСƬˮ
Щϧ̰Ĳ㣬󶼻ẦԼ
޲ܾлǿЦӯӯӣ־Լˡ
λƵİƮ˹ڵסԺȻ䰵Щ
޲˶Ҫ˵ЩʲôȻֵݸһ
û壬Ȼϵİƿˣ¹޲Ķſ
Ǳӳȥͯĥͯ顣
ͦõģðʣǲֿꡣ
лл޲ҡ
ӹȥ޲ЦЦ˳޲ҾԵߡ
лĻЩ裬޲ҴЩˡ
Ե涼ûУȥӲĲҪƽʱ޲ﶼҪŵԲίԼһ˿㡣
ڵǲôˡ
ǽܹЦŵĺͯź裬ƻǣ
Ȼĸ谮úúá
ܵһ㡣
СӳʳǴĳԸζƻⶫ޲ҵ΢е㲻һ
޲ƻʲôζˣģζ
¹µ޲Ҳ԰׵Ȼ˵㱡ۣһŤͷƼˡ
޲뵽ģȻҲ뵽˰ԼͣסǵĻȡ
ƫƫװһʲô벻ӣ޲ңҪȥռģʲôʱʼأ
޲ҵ˵һ䣺ʱԡ
Ǿͺհɡ
ˣŽ˵ĺҪ̻Ϣú첻
š޲ûоܾҲûзԡ
һ޲ʲôƵģȻԵվլȥʲôˣҲûʣ鿴Сñ
ڴϱСñʣţΪʲôô󰡣
˵Ϊ˸õİԵ
ȻǾͰСñˡ
Сñ˰ǿƸװʯͷ˺ס

Ѱ˼ͯôѪȵҲСӱſޡ
ðСñĽֿ꣬޲ҳˡҲ֪ʲôطƿƣ
Ҫ𣿡
޲ҵͷʣ۾ĵĹ⡣
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ҡ
ܾĻû˵ڣ޲ҵ־Ѿݹˣƿڻŵ˿ĭ
ܺȣ
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İ״ɾƱİڷһߣ޲ߵߴסļ
ˣ
޲ʡ
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޲ҲûģЦı鿴ã۾з̷һת
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ڵٵľˮϵӳٵĺһɢ
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޹ģ޲۾һҪЦȻȴδĺ䡣
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޲һʣﶼƻǣһžҧס޲Ҳϵ⡣
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޲ұͻȻһҧˣȻѸٵİƿļ˵ô¡
ҸողǳԵƻ𣿡
޲ң
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סû𣬰§ļʣϲˣ˭
Ĭ˺ܾãõ޲ҶΪ˯ˣͷһ۾Ĵģһ㶼˯ŵӡ
ϲˡԵһ
ļ̹Եһ
޲Ҳû裬ԼҪڼ̹Եһһж˿Ѫ
ٶˣ̹Եһһô겻ɢ
޲ҰѿԼϵƿȻһŭ߽û
ԼҪ侲һ£Ȼ˭֪ʲô
ӣ޲סˣĥĥߵ棬Ե˯
ʱó棬ûóҽӽ޲ҡ
޲Ҷִ˳Ĳϡ
ֻҪһŤʹֵֿ˾Ͳˡ
Ժû˻ӰҲ谭¡
ָǲϣ޲ȴٳ²ȥ֣ޱ飬ҧ
ָ˲Ҳϸİ̡
޲ЦһǼٵġ
ȻҰҰ죬ſ۾Ժؿǰ޲ҡ
޲ҡ
Ằһ޲ҵ֡
޲һ٣ǲƵģٴһ䡣
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޲Ʋװ仰ѹֵЩ磬ϻǴЦ
޲Ҳģһ䣺ϲ˲Ǽ̹Եһ𣿡
ģԴ׵ĸˡ
˵޲ˣҲǾԼ⻰ʵĹŹ֡
Ǻܲˬ
̹Եһ̹Եһ
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98 
֪ӿϢ޲һ¶ĸϾһֱ·ͨĴԱͻȻһԿͨС·˭֪Ὺĵױȡ
˷ӺʾݵС·
²û޲Ҹ̫ãڶȹӿϢоϲõǶʱ޲ֿʼΪԼֻʣҿʼ
ԤϵǴѪҺĵطʼ
ֻ˵˲ΪĲͯĥ˻źۼͯĥһľ룬ͯĥų֮Ȼҡ
G̬ҿǺء
ͯĥɫ¶һ˵ı飬ȴõĻȡ
Ĳ⸱ȫߣͯĥ䲻˵֪֪ףҲ˽һʱƤЦͯĥȻŤͷ
ֻʣˣֻǲģһҪĹҶԸɱӡ
޲Ҿҵ鲢ûȤעǱõŮ
ѾŮΪ֮ģҪǰҵΪǿĹʣµ˵λá
Ĳ˲Υͷ͵͵Ӧһǡ
޲ҵĻŮ̧ͷֻ˶鿴˺ĲԼͯĥġӳ˵۾
ŮΪ֮ı־
Ҫ˵ŮûʵҲǰνŮѼϼܰˡ
ǿǹϲСˡ
ͯĥЦԼף
ͯḩ̂ͷʱɿһƵؿСҡҷĽڵԼͣͯĥЦһ˵ѽѽ֪Ҫʲôɫأ
ͯĥҲһߵ޲µźһж²ؼ˵ҼǵϴһҪɱģء
ͯĥǲ־ģ˵񾭲һԾԾԵĸо
ָˮͷ۵ȴżԼͷ
ǰϧûɱ㡣
ɱ⼸ʵͯĥԴ꣬ʮֿϧԼĵֻôһ㡣
ֻôһ㣬ͯĥһͲϳ䵱ʲôʺˡ
ͯĥǵûк£¸ŨˣĻȿﵽȥ
Ҹеʮҡ
˵꣬ͯĥ¶һʮֿյ˵Թĵôܹ𣿡
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һԾĬĺĲǾ㵵Ŀһ˫ϥϵֻ߬ԼĿӡ
ֵɱӣûˡ
û뵽ͯĥ˵һӣǿͯĥı˵ȴΪʲôŲŵ⡣
ͯĥ˵һʱϻű˵ЦݣζȴʲôʱҪǡ
ҧҧЦ
˵ͯĥֻΪ˺ѡ
İɡ
ԼָͷĿڵĻ¡
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ͷĿʺ졣
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ȥͻᷢѤ߲ͫȴߵûһ˿顣
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ĳС򡪡
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Ӯˣ
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ֻһͷ߽ͬѪʬ壬ԼҲ˺ۡǰĶĿҼۡ
ң֮ǿ֮һ
ǵԼͬѻĺȴû˸ңһӶߵȼ׵Ľʿֵҵ¡
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ģûлᣬô׵ȥ
Ϊ棬СʱԺԥĽͬιΪ棬˹ɱոһյضԼĽҪ
ôܸģ
Ǹվǰֻ۾ĶȻˡ
ܺáĲ˵
ҪѰǿĹкǿʵҲס
Ҫɹ𣿡
ǿֲĶѯʣͺǶħĵ
ɹͻӵ޾ȻҲԱǿ󡣡
Ը⡭
Ĳ̾Ϣһֻˡ
Ȼκ˶Ҫȥ̧ͷѪȾ˫ǰĺĲ
ƵĿʼˡ
ֻҪɹͿӵ޾ôһпģ˶޷ںĴڡ
Ǹֻ޵ĴʹһɱĳͷõӦеĴۣ
ͷ
ֻҪһɽӣǺ⡣
ֱȻסĲ̻ʵɫĳѪ
ζѪҺĺܣһֱθ
պȥûʲôоģȻθ￪ʼһʹַ·Ҫȫ˺ѵʹ༸Ҫ˺飬鴤ǳĵϷȥ
ΪΪʲô
ΪǺĲˣĲ
Ǳɹؽʹࡣ
Ĳŵʹ෭ŵʱɹҹǰֶܼء
ŹȥͿԱɹŲȥ
Ĳһ˲üƮĮ
ֻ
ڵϵԼĺӵʹʼԼܷȥǿҵռԺоԼѪҺͬʹࡣ
һ类ʳʹǳǧϿʳѪʹࡣ
Ÿҹյ˶Բ¡
ȻһԲϳһ㰵Ĺ㣬ǵԽԽֱ˿ȫò
һˣһźͷźɫˡ

ʹɵһʱ뵽
Ȼһ˲Ǹ̤¶һŲϡ



99 
ոؾһŽε飬ʼδģͷؿһ۽´ŹɱƷˣȻƿ˲ӡ
ȻεڵһϢһѪ
Ҳǹġ
˵ĿɫĹɱƷϡ
һ˶ġ硱۵ӡڹɱƷϡ
Ĳĳָеһ˿ȣ޲ȥѰҵĶ
Ĳ⣬ֻ֪Ϊʲô޲ǿƵĶռôӦ뿪һʱ̵һ˳жء
ô
Ĳѯʣͳ̶ͬһɲ⡣
޲ҿҵܹҵİ֡
ܿȥΧɢµĶһЩʮ߰껹Ϊ͵ꡣûмɱӣЩѾȢӹԼȵˡѾ˺ĲĽ£ϵһĨĻꡣ
ǰΪʲô֪Լ͹ʵǵһľ뻹ǻǰͺ̵ؼɱӣΪַһԱ
ʳԵһֻЦЦֻЦпôЩɬζ
ΪҪػ־硣
ֻҪһ첻ϾͻɱַĽŲֹͣ
ΪҪػԼİˣϣ˻ᾭԼʹַ࣬Զǰͺ̵ĽɱӡЩڵˣΪ־ŻԼĵ׼Щ˵Ķ
˵һϢܸоõǱѪҺͬģɱƷȴܵĽ˶֮Ѫ
Ƿ̡
ѡ𣿡
Ŀ˵ϵϣɱӵĶԱ
ͺ͵һ
˵ƽĲҲ侲ǳ
ǡ
Цһתͷ˵ϵڴĹʱڣֻҪܰȥͻΪµң亹乵ĶͷĿһƳ䵽һֵϡ
һĽɫ۾ֵʶ΢΢һݵĵϿ
ɱӵнʿǾʿĽ̵ģԹ۲յĺͿԿһ˵ɣǰ˵ĺԺͬһš
֮𣿡
ָۣ΢΢һϸ֦˳ָӶĵǱڡ
˺Ĳ۾һСûɵ֦˳Ѫ˽ȥʱתΪؼʱ򣬾һ˿Ӱ졣
ӵվͷĲ˵
Ҹᣬдһ½ɡ
*
ȥִɱСȫûıҵϢ˹ɱ֮С
ھѵϢһԭء
޽ʿʦ˹Ϊлǰɣ
ϢĶԱǲ̣ŽδĻ˵ꡣ
ɣѾѾилˡ
Ѷἤһ˿Ϊѡ֮УԸ߰Ը˽ļһΪ˻ȥʲôó
Ϊʲô
ΪʲôҪйȴүүأ
ǡ𣿡
ݽͰ͵˵˴ϢĶԱھ޴ʯһûзӦҲǴʧȥԼе֪
ֱ̿ɱŴݵʳ
Ϧ˶ջ䵽ƽ£յɫٺɫƷƮʱʱɹֻųĴ㣬ڱԼƶʯ֮ϣ̿ɵǴ˵ĶͷµѪ
ݣ
̿ɴŲõЦݻԼֱȥ
ûܼ̿ɱо͵ķΧͣ˽Ų
̿ǸˣܿͲݴʱ鲻ѣ˵ǵıѯʡ
ݣô㻹𣿡
ݱ̿ɣԭڷȴ̿ɻ˼
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ݲ̿ɵ̿ɵԸֻὫһ¶Լϣֻ£ϣԼ˵̿ȥ̿ɸ°ɣһͺˡ
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ݳ̿ɰ˰֣ҲԼҪ¡
ѾŪˡ
ΪʲôҪΪɱӵĽʿΪʲôҪϵ
ΪҪػԼҪػˡ
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գգûж۾ۿлˮ
Ϊ̫˵Ե
Ϊѹ
ûػԼҪػˣǶԲ
үү
ʹƭܣʹɽϾͬһѵʹʦֵܶЦֻһֽûйϵ
мسүүֻ˷ʱ䣬ֻһûõֻĵСҲû¡
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ٶѣٶҲϣɣʧ
۾
ݡ
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ݡֻһУҲ㹻ˡ
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ˡ
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ϢɫﲻͳȻʧڿС
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ŮԼѪѰڸĹɱӵλãڴ󲿷ֹɱӪλѾϤ޲У޲ҪҵȻûзȷеλáǱŮķ˿ŵǽ棬һͷڷһķֲϣЩͷǺɫȴΪѪǳɺɫ
޲Ұ뿿ϣŵһűעȦĵͼһȦʹһɱڵ֮
޲ҰۣûΪҵôɱӵټо⿪ġ
Ů
޲ҳѯʣңλá
ŮϸѰһΪ޲ҰģҲ޲ҷŮѪ׷
Ѿصլӡ
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޲һԼլӣڳر߿ĽĽ
Դϴ޲Ҹ㽫ιЩ֮ٻȥЩҲЩΪôȻûгΪõİ˰β͡
ҵݷҵλ𣿡
޲ҵĽŲûлͷָԹƽĳ漤һƬƬơ
δ
޲վڷӰǰգܻҲֻв䵽Ӱ֮ء
ԡµıӰָ⶯˶ƵҪȥĳ嶯
ԣֻҪһ̤֮Уֻлҷ³
һ룬վӰе޲ɫٶ

ͣĶǴЦ޲ҵλ˹ȥ޲ҽӹ˺ڰԭɫԻָЩ
޲Լ԰ױָ⻺ǵ˰̴֪Ϊ⼸ְ˴̺۵ĸоֻܸоУĸо
ֻվǰǲģվǰ΢ЦһֻûʧĴ
ůĴ޲ԭ԰׵ϴЩѪɫѣҲв
㲻ᱳҰɣ
㱳ҡ治֪ʲô
ûйϵκιֻҪǱܹܵŭ
ֻԡ
ϵЦδ䣬·硣
ǡ
޲ңôһ졪ɱҰɡ
Ѿ׼ˡ


100 
Ĳص޳ǵʱ޲ԼŽ̶ģеٳδ䣬֪Ĳеӡ
ĲõĶõ𣿡
ֵĶ˳źĲƶϣĲо綾ӵĴ
һԣȻó޲˵Ķ
һɫľϻ򵥵ƺûʲôĵط
ֶ˲ǽĺĲ
޲ҽ˹ȥССľϻζͿ죬ǽľͷײʱڿ޲ҽӹеϻʱԭĬĺĲڿˡ
޲ҴˣҪ𣿡
֪޲ҵѡǷȷʶѡǼ䲻ġ
޲սľϻһ˫õɫèһ˵ĺĲ
Ĳô֪ƽʱô໰
Ĳ֮ΪĬԵһ׷ԼĽ˵ҲӵľٶΪˣ޲ҲŻɺĲȥȡ
Ĳ죬Ѿ޲Ҵһ˿ŭ⣬ֻѡտڲԡ
Ҳ֣ԼӦǲԵԸǡ
˼ԭչֳһ˿ŭ޲ָֻƽʱº̬ȣ˭֪⸱ƯƤȴһŴӶҺнݳġ
ĲѾĺܺˡ
޲ºԭµĽѾ޲ҴңߵĲ
㻹ĸãȵļ̹ԵһҪǿ󡣡
ҲΪģ𣿡
ڽ֮ϵս嵶ӲѾ˺Ĳϰߡ
˵ȰΪ˫ĽΪĿΪ֮
ֻΪ˳Խ񲻿ɷԽĴɽ
ǵġ
Ĳصͷȥ޲Ҵˡ
޲ҺЦһɺһƳֿ˵ĲǸҼˣȻջɹʵҲֻһ㣬ǿǿҪúý̵ǡ
ǡ
Ĳո˵꣬Ѿ˽
еϻӱ޲ҲУ߽¶Цݡ

޲ҡ
ߵ޲ߣסõǰϸϸڿʲôʺϲʺһ㡣
ü޲ĺĲֻĲüۺͳĬӡ
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ڿʲô
ѯʡ
޲ԼָϸϸĦ
һֻȥû˿˫֣ȴܹ׾ٵĽӲѪ/
޲Ҵ²Щʲôûʲô
޲ҵıֺûʲô̫ĸı䣬Ҫ˵ʲô䶯޷Ǿ޲Һøϲһ
һǰƺҲûʲôı䡣
ĴɣĲȴǰպͺĲԼдһĻ
ã˺Ĳ
Ĳ룬Ҫһ𣿡
뿴Ľжô߳
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ѵó˳Ѿõֵƺ޲ҿʼֵͺٳˡ
ʼǲϣ޲ҿһãļҲˣˣȴûǡ
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ֵûֵȫˡ
ѡĳҲʲôƽأǡǡŮ޳֮С
Ͼڲͬգ㵽ҹȻ٣һСıƼͲˡ
û˺ʲôʼҲ֪˭ȶգ֮䣬ཻ֮
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ںĲĵϣ鲼ªѪ
˲Ϣ֮䣬˱ѾʮС
޳ǵĿռͷŤģҲΪصΪսҲʺϡ
ˡ
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ĲĽǸ߳ģΪЩ۵ľƽ˵ĳ̶ȡ
ͬģϵ۵
⼸Žս֮УĲȴԽԽΪȡ
ΪĽ̫ϤˣúĲòһѾʧϵˡ̹Եһ
Ϊʲô
Ĳ߬еĵѪͫ׽ΪʲôĽ񡣡
֪ȴװһŲ֪ģźĲ
˵ʲô
һЦ˵˭
˭أ
ʹǳ˹Ҳ޷սʤģ̹Եһ
ĲĬٴλŽгȥ
д򿪣׾ٵؽĲĵնϣĲĵԼѪɵģָԭ״Ҳһס
Ĳӿ䵽ķ֮ϣʹʹ쫷һٶȳźĲȥ
һαնϣеĻ̌𣬺ݺݵ˺Ĳ˶˵ذϡûΪ޲ҵԵʶ˿顣
Ȼ룬סɳ嶯
ԵһֳҲɱ㡣
ջ˽ɫĽѪ¡
˿ǿ¿ʼϣΪơ
˶ôصģ˵ˣڶ˵ȴת˲ͿԻָ
ͷźûзӦĺĲ˵ҲܺĲ벻ԵһԹ㣬Ҳԡ
Ĳ㡣
ѯʣڹ𣿡
ڣ

ڡ
ӵʱûкڣѡѹɱӵʱûкڣԵһ֮ǰٴ֮ʱҲûкڡ
㵽ڣȻûкԼѡ
಻ƽ̹ԵһĽ츳ȴһҲϧ
ɹҲΪ˳ԽԼǽǷ켫߲ʵĵܵܡ

ĲϢ˵ҡڡ
𣿡
вûʲô飬ǺĲȴһп
ȻĻشΪʲôأ
ɿ֣־ѴӰ׹£˺ĲĻ
һֲڵѣֻܴɵӣ˼̹Եһ䱦һԴڻصĲȻ
ջֵת뿪

޲ҽĲϻӴ򿪣沢ʲôŹֵĶһֻɫ
ȥƺƽģ޲ʲôЧá
űֺ£޲õʱĽŲ
ˣ
޲ѯʡ
š
޲ңô
޲ҶԺĲʵǷǳ϶ģ˵⻰һ˵԰
ЦЦؿ޲һۡ
ѵ𣿡
Ȼǲģ޲ұ˭ӵеʵ
Ϊ˿Ŀܡ
Ǻܺá
޲ҵЦֻɫ˳

޲ȰգϰɣΪӡ
͸
Ŀֻƽϣûͬ⡣
ϣ𣿡
޲ҿǵĻʧ˫õɫ۾Щ
޲Ҳ֪Ѿʲô
ηĿ޲ҵ۾Ϊ¶ֺ޲ңûֵǡ
Ǻܿ죬ְ
Ȼϣģ㡣
ӹֻӣؽԼ׽档
˴ӦǺֵģֻ˵ȴһ˿ͻأ
ڴȥһ̾ʾĿԭ⻬羵һıȻһ䣬䷺һ˿˿⣬ѹƵļޡ
ԭɫЩ
޲֮ǰֱ̧̧ȻˣֹĶ
ֻҪͺá
޲սֵ
ֻҪҵӳԵҾ͸ժ
޲ûûʧ
̫õġ
޲ҽɢЩҵͷ˳ҿȥıѡ
ֻΡ
Բܴš
һҪץӡ
޲ҵ˼ѾӾĿռˣԼһӮݲð
۾
޲ҲɹҲ޲ҳɹ
лҪ˵žpy
ޡΪסңһ
¡֪ƨûСΡ


101 
ûͳҲûʲôͬҲֻǱȳ˸˼ֳĽˣȻܴ޲еǡ
ѹƵҲ࣬ҲΪ޲ҷģҲٳ¾ʵɹɹ̫һʿ
ֲﱾ벻⣬ǿҲ˵ǰ˰ϲɹ̫Ҳ֮Сֻһɹÿģ޲˵Ǽ䲻ˡ
һ⣬һڣ޲Ϊ˱⻹Ӱ˼֡

޲ǽһ֣Ҳ֪ӻûԵϻһˮʵ̾

޲ҧ˼֣ҲЩǳŭ⡣
еıӻͷƼ޲վڻ谵ɫѿģЦЦЦݺƽһȦΣε޲۾һ˲ѣܾһҪ뿪ˣͶ֮Ķ¶ǿ޲ҽˡ
˲Ϣ֮䣬ʹԵĿ޲ҹѾ޲ҵ˼ߵ޲ߣͺһǣ޲ҵ֡
ողɹ̫ڻ¶ůڵϢϴ޵ĺͷƺ¶ȡ¶Ȳȣȴܽ޲ڻ
ֺ䡣
̲ס˴޲ұ֡
Ȼ֪һжùҲ֪޲ҶԼ΢¶ȲûʲôʣȻƲסԼҪ޲ұůͷ
ûõġ
޲Ҵһ۱ָָ
Լֻǵůôһ뿪Դǵ¶Ⱥܿͻɢ
üǣЦ⡣
һ
ֻ˫ֺҲתת۾ܿ뵽һ뷨⿪һ㴿޵ĺͷ½޲ҳȻЦúͷ޲ҽ˻
޲Ҫ԰һЩ˰ڻЩ֣ͺ׾һ㡣
ЩֻС¡
޲ҺӵŰɫȣ޲ҺѪҺоһ¶ȣǺķ䵭ζ
롣
Ŷԣôȴȫ㷴أ
޲˳ˮۣỷסר˲䡣
ͷɣ㹻˰һճӾһֺ˾޲Ȼɹ̫ôһɹ̫ĻҲһİɡ
ɹĻҲһů˸еġ
ɹ̫Ҳûʲô
޲ҵĺ󱳣ϵҲɱ޲ҵĺ󱳡
Ҳһġ
޲ҵͷĲӣһ
̫ˣҪ޲ʧȥĶҪһĲһ޲ҵĻ˵ǰ˳û˵ܾ
̻ҡҡԼβͣｦˮΡ
Ժɽ˼ֻغɫȸԺıʱʱͷڵڵϵм
յĵ⣬ʯˮľ¹ʱʱӳðͷĽдӱƵĲ㡣
ĥ˵־Ҫѡȴ˿
˱һ´Ƭ̣Ů֮Ͳò뿪ˡ
Ů뿪޳ǣӲֵù˲ԶΪ޲һ˲ģŮͷ⿴޲Һһӵ
ûȻһ۾ܾҪˡ
˵ŮԭŵƤ˲޲ҵı˵Ůˡ
޲šüɿ˻ֱۣȻתŮͷúͷ̧ԺеǼֻȸ
޲ҿȻпǸûע⣬ŮĻüͷʱ뿪˹䣬ȴüƼ˼ֻȸ֮һ
ǵãǺݵȸ
룬ǵݿɥȸԴʱȸ֡
̫ɣ
ȸ˲侫ųԼԲɽģſġౡ
ѻʱ¹ʣݵġѻһֻɰȸҲΪɵլ֮ۡʱŲ޲ҵע⡣
Ҳǲݷҫ뵽һŻɳݵСȸֻȸʵеСΡΡطŶװͨȸֱy޲Ҷ̫˵ǵһΣڻµġౡͣ
ͨҺԡ
ǲݷ𣿡
̫ɽ
ǿ϶ġ
ܿ죬̫һѾ֪ڹɱӵĴΪܹڼĺ޲ҵһսȡʤɱѾɺܹ˵ҩֻҪȴ޲ҵĵҩע޲ҵھͿԽ޲±ࡣ
ߵֽø˲Ŷԣ˿õԤиҩɹע޲ҵڿҲô׾ͻ޲±ġ
Ԥв˵񲻶죬¶һЦݡ
ǻ
ϱĴĦϴŵ˲ݷҫյһĺ
ΪټеŮӦ֪ڽŵ֮µġ
ָ̫ԴǶ̶̵ëϵ¶˳̫ɿ
̫ɲ˲ౣౣ
̫ɣȥһʲݷ
ѹѹôȥ
̫Իĵ˵ͷųҪߵʱŮߵ޲˽
̫ɱ޲ŵһӿеųϽɳԺӡ
ȸ
޲Ƽ˴зߵ̫ɣɻ
Լ֣ͷ޲¶Ц赭д˵ֻһֻʳȸˡ
еҾһСιˡ
ԵСϷŰ¶õģ˵ιȸҲûʲô⡣
޲Ҳ˼ûзǸߵȸϣΪΪֵĲݷλø⿺ܡ
һҪԲݷϾɱ𣿡
Ȼһ
һ˲ͣ޲ǵϲúܿˣһһ˵Ҫ
ǲݷҲòô
޲˹ȥݷʱʱѾйɱӳˣ޲Ҳ⣬һΪʱĹɱҲ򣬶Ϊ޲ҲЩɱ׷ɱĹһּɡ
Ϊʳ˵Ķһ࣬ջ֮Ҳ޲һв
ڲݷ޲üƽϣڲݷ󣬹ɱӶ޲ҵ׷ɱһֱֹ޲ҷʤ
ݷˣΨһ޲ҷŹݷҵҲʧˣƫƫݷ󲻷Ź޲ҡ
ֵ֦ͬܣȴƫƫ˷Ŀɳĵز
*
ݷ󡪡
ݷҫ˻㱨ѵĹɱӵĶԱ顣
𣿡
ݷҫꡰĳԱı棬̲ס¶һǳ΢Ц
̿ɡ֮ݶŬѵء
˵Ǳλָ̿ɡݺƽ֮
˶Ҳս̿ɣݷҫղ֪ΪζмθУԼӲݷ˵̿ɻǸɱӺ͹ǧսˡ
˻㱨ϢˣһԵĲݷΪԼɷһȲ裬ʱԺɽһֻȸֱֱĳĲݷ˹ȥϡ
صΪԻ̾˿
ȸͣķ˺þõ̫ɣƣߵݷȻſƣ
̫𣿡
ݷҫߵӣõ˲ݷ϶Ļش
ݷΪټĳŮ֪Ҳ٣ȸͨҲֻѰһˡ̫ɵĻԭƽɫ΢΢һ˿ء
ôˣ
ݷҫ˫ĿʧоȴܿͲӳصĺ
ݷҧҧԼ죬¸˲ݷҫա
y޲÷ӡӡˡ
Ų豭һ˲սݷҫüͷ֪y޲ҲԵ޹ʵĽӡǹy޲Ѿ͹ɱ֮ϵ
˵ʲô޲Ҷ
֪Լİ˰аԼĵˣûɱ֣
ǶԲ¾İ
ݷҫǸˣȥԹӡ飬ֻԼ
Ͼûаݷҵ
ݷҡҡͷݷҫյսҿҽӡķ
зӡķ䣬ȻҲнӡ
лҪ˵ӡɶģ˽衣


102 
޲Һ͹ɱӰеĽϾѾڵϣֻôһٳδ޲Һ͹ɱӻһεƽ֮С
ƽ֮£ͬҪλھ޲ðլе׳µķա
ݾ֪ûһλڼּͻݵ̫̫Ըأ
ڲ̫̫ڵԼЦ˵ݾֳ˶ΪʿҲǸóɼҵʱ˰ɣ
ǰʾҪΪ޲Һһӵ̫̫լھӵӣƽеģȻʼϲˡ
ϣ޲ΪԻ󸽽ھļݺϡ
ס޲ǴӶĸֵ̣һƴټļҵΪ໹ɫһֵȻסڸ̫̫ǿŰԼҵĹܸˡ
ֵܣ˾ʲôϵ޲Һĵܲ
ÿȰЩǵ̫̫Ϊͷۺͷյ飬Ͼֱֲ˵ȷֵܣ׹ࣾͲϱݵ֡
ڲ̫̫ӣԼݼҵĹﴵе͸һŮˣֻϧ˲ŮûʲôȤ嶼ǲ̫ġ
ֻεЦЦӦ豭һˮʡ
Ѿ̫̫аʱˣ޲ӦҲܳȻҲͲΪֳ޲Ҳ棬Ҳֻˡ
Ȼͦ޲һ˾Ͱھ̫̫Ū
޲Ұٰʮ飬ϻҪЦظھ̫̫Լֳ²ڣԺġ
̫̫Ҳ⣬Ͼ֪ΪʲôֵĳԵ޹мֿ־֮飬ȻҲ׶顣
豭̧ʱ¶ֻ޲̫̫Ƽˡ
ѽӿÿ
ھ̫̫¶۵ɫϵӿ˵ͿĨŰ/۵¶һ߲ѵ΢Ц
Ǹʧˡھ̫̫ѯʣԭݾҲء
ͷԼϵ˳¶Цֳģò
ĹŹھ̫̫ûһ̾˵ֵܸãҲֻЦӦ˵Ǻܺá
أ
̫̫׷ᣬԼҲȥһֻֻǷӡƣҪ֪ҲͲᷢôܽϵȥˣھ̫̫ѯҲֻ¶һ֪ı͡
Ǵİɡ
ϾܷӡĶô붼˳ϵ
ֳ˰죬ǽ̫̫ͳţǾǰ̫̫ͣ˲ӡ
GˣݾֳΪʲôһλأ
̫̫¶һҲ֪ΪʲôôıȢȢ޵⡣
ʵķˣ֪ȥҲûûˣɴһҸһݡ
˲¶һݵ˵ıֱһ⣬Լҳ̵ھ̫̫˵Ǻ
ʲô𣿡
ϹˣԼϷı£װԥӳɵزҿڣھ̫̫Ͳסһ˺üźǿһ˿ڡ
ʵҵֳ
¶һʹɫǲԸȢޣǲܵ˼
ھ̫̫Ȼȵ˵Լ˰죬Ȼſʼο
⡭Ҳû취ھ̫̫Ͱ͵ذοûϵ㲻ȢҲûʲô⡣
Ҳû˵ʲôȫƾھ̫̫ԲӿԲʲô˵ġҲͣţܹһкβɣ
תƼ޲Һɫе㼬֡

޲Цˣһ˫õӶҧгݵʣô֪ʲô
һµı飬Ҳ޲ںӡߵ޲޲һһ޹ı˵˵ǲɹ̫ǲʲôˣ
޲һѪںڲ²죬û˵ķֻǵ˵ԲĻĺᡣ
Ҳ̡ⷽ
á
޲ҳ˳ǣǿش𣬾Ǳôôˬ
֪޲޲ʲô취ֻǺ
Ϻ޲֮˵Ҳ׾ٰˡ
ס޲ҵֻĴ̲סȻõ޲ҵĵۡ
ʲô
޲šüϾܾȴȻȻ§
޲ҵȻչȥ޲ҵĶͷһڣֻ׶ͷƺ޲ҵ΢죬̲סȥ޲ҵ۽ǡ
޲ҵ۾ĺܺÿ
÷Ƶɫ󣬾̵Ľë۽ǣèһ
ԸèҲǲģ߰ˣΪʲôȻʲôȷġ
Ҳ֪Ϊղŵ²ģغ塣

ϲľ㣬㻹𣿡
޲ҰûΪ־ٶϸ۲죬ȴܹ޲ҷһ˲սǿƲס
߻˵ѡ
޲ҰѿӲľ仰
ҲϾ޲Ҳû˵ԼƭĻʤö٣ҪǷǲſЦ
ĶԲš̾Ȼͷ޲ҶͷЦ˵һ䣬ȴġ
޲ҰӶˣӲԼİӱĺһ
ղ޲ҵ۾ߣױӣȻƮƮ޲ҵǡ
ϸϸĥ룬۰ǳԡһ˺ü£һѵˮ
޲Ҳ뿪ҧҧ촽
޲ҺóأҲճࡣղĻ谵䣬ȴܲɷ֡
촽ҧˣͷǸС˿ڣƷԼѪζ
ҧҸʲô
СԹ޲ƳһۣĦ
ϲ
ϵһУϲ
û˱⡣
˴һˣ£Ŵ汻¶һŴЦ
ɫͷ߲ʵͫз·ʵĮЦͯĥΨ²ҵļһﻹ˭
Ƽĳͯĥװģ¶һȵɫ˵ѽǱǸ
˵˳ȥֻ޲ôܾôŹһ˫÷ɫӺ˺޲ҿͯĥЦ˵ҿǲˡ
ͯĥҲ£Լ¶һ޹ӡ
Сûк˵޲Ҵںһء
ĪˮŮʾͯĥȥ
޲ֲɵȻͯĥĻ
Ȼ۾ûãͯĥҲͲҪˡ
˵꣬ͯĥֻʵ۾ͺȥһ
ʺѪۿ˳˳ͯĥ۾ͯĥҲģһܹٳε̾һ˵޲ҴϢŭĻ͵ҵ۾͸ˡ
ͯĥϲ׵ϱĵϵԸǷͯĥһҲǱԼɧġ
޲ҳȥŮĽˣȴסͯĥ
˵ձ/ɨа̣ͯĥ¼ֽȻΪȥǳǼֵţǱϺаҲ룬ͯĥΪ¼̵ֽĽӦýͷöŶԣڿƺ²ûӰ쵽ӡ
ͯĥ۾ڻϣѪۿ￪ʼ𽥳ѿת˲ֳ֮˺֮ǰһģһ߲ʵӡ
ͯĥգգۣȥ۽ǵѪ
ͯĥ𣿡
һʳȻһԵͯĥ
ͯĥ͸Ļ˵˳һ̾
أڶץа̣¼ֽҲùء
ЦһΪĲ
⻰ͯĥͬ¼ֽʼԭΪ˸ǽķǳ֣ôΪأ
ɴ˿ɼͯĥԼûаAC
ǿģ뷳ֵĽɣôа̣
ͯĥĽͣҵͽܰŶ
ͯĥƨϾʱ಻ͯĥϵѪζŨˡ
ߵļ𣿡ͯĥĶЦ
ԼĶӣͯĥ°Цģ￴һ˿ΡΪȻȻôෳգ˵
ˣûǳ
ءͯĥûзϡ
Ĳյ£׺ഥһ
Ȼͯĥһæɡ
ͯĥգգۣϡ棬ϾĿãͯĥҲʲôϾ˶ȥˣæȴܺ
ͯĥʲô£
΢΢һЦһ顣
ͯĥЩ棬ʲô飿
ɻµ顣
ͯĥף
лҪ˵ҾͯĥԼԼɧġ
ɻµ顪ǲ£
ȻĪ޲ңû
С


103 
ͯĥΪԼˣϸһΪǿĶֲ᲻ʹֻһۡ
û˵
ɻµ飿
ͯĥҲˣһ˫߲ʵ۾λ¶־ȡ
¾˵飬𣿡
գգۣʶӦǰ
룬ͯĻ˸ɻ󶼵õӦе³ʵǺ˼顣
ǲ֪ʵǲˡ
ͯĥͯ飬ͯĥΪ뿴СH顣
˶ΪԷԼ˼û뵽˵Ի·һϡ
ͯĥȻûʾǿǰ/ŲʮͯĥҲûò˼˵˸ûֶ߳ԭ԰׵Ȼֳһ㵭ķɫ֪ĻΪͯĥʲô˵顣
ð
ͯĥ˫ֺʮ¶õЦһ¸߰ӣͦ˷ܵģΪ飬Լϰy޲˵ѾǧĴеܡ
ѽͺܴ̼ء
ͯĥ߻ȥҪйβڿ϶ܻγһ仨
¾Ҫʲôأ
ͯĥ̽Եʡ
Щͯʲôأؼһִֵ
ͯĥԭֻĶͯĥû뵽ͯĥԼСܵȫϡ룬ǱϵƻǲģͯĥԾԾԵľͷҲ˳˼
ָߵǰ棬Լ޲·Ͼɵͯ飬Ŀ࣬ҪڱȽϴֱ̼Ƚܰİɡ
ϴεСñ̼ͦģҲܰ
Ϊ̫ɵԵȱҳʵڿıŤ
ͯĥò˵ȵˣΪĿʼ𣬽û뵽˼ҿʼ͸һƱġ
ֱӾϴ̼
ͯĥ룬¶ˡ
ͯĥɫӣЦһ˵û뵽¾˲òء
˵Ųӻܳ˷š

˵ʲôƨ
Һý죬ûԳȥҲûʲôͯĥΪŽŲܳ˷žȥˣһ޲Ҿ˽ûͯĥ
ͯĥȥˡ
޲üͷϸߣͯĥһﲻ׵㣬ʱͲˡ
õֱ׳òһˮݸ޲˵ͯ顣
ڴ·ϡ
ͯĥƽʱҲûôߵĻԣ޲ֻǲһ˲ָֻƽլ¿Ҳֻпʱˡ
кܶࡣ޲Լһӵ˵ȥ￴
޲һͦģǾ󲿷ֶʲôٻҩ֮ǧٹֵ飬һ۲ͷξͲˣָ˽
΢΢һЦ޲ҵʾܾ

޲ңŶ
޲ҿʼ˼ԼĿˡ
*
ͯĥƷʲôľȲ˵ˣ⿴Ļͯĥһﳤͦģģټһ˫߲ɫһͲ򵥵۾·һվͦһĿ
ͯĥϰΪԼ̵ֽĴӪÿŮͽȵΧߣֻϧͯĥŮͽ඼һЩӪḻĴЩŮͽ벻ͯĥÿű˵΢Цǵʱʵ϶ǸλóԻĸλӪḻ
߽ʱͯĥڿյҪôѡ飬˵ǣͯĥ߽겻Ǿ꣬Ҫʲô鶼ӦоУкࡣ
һͼ࣬ͯĥܻ߽Ƭһ˺üڴֺ̼ܰ飬ĳЩҲ൱Ĵ̼ζ
ͼ
ͯĥһ߿һ롣
޲Ҵˣºһлҵġ
Ȼõ˵š
լӵķߵʱͯĥϻʮδı˵ЦݣȻ·ϵûñ·ֵĺͯײ
QAQ
ͯĥ䲻ں͸һӲǱ໹ҪӲܶ࣬㹻߰Сײޡ
ײͯĥСԼĶͷӲǰۿ˻ȥ
ѽͷˡ
ͯĥ˵ΪѵĻЦδ䣬ǰС
Сۣ¶һ˫Ƶ
Բ𡣡
С˵ʪ۾ҶĻۡ
ûϵ
ͯĥΪ˫۾˻ͬһ˫ɫ۾ŮԣǺܾԶļˣƽʱͽģ¶ЦСͷ
ԺҪСأϾ˾Ͳˡ
Լ֮һͯĥȴ֪ܵİԼͽĴˣǶһСﶼ治ɫ˵ԡ
ӳʼͱԼĸû԰װ֮ӣѻ˵ϰ꣬ȻҲͳϰߡ
ãлл塣
СҲͯĥǻˣؿͯĥ۾¶һõЦ˵壬۾вʺŶ
˵͵Զˡ
仰Ҳ˶˵
ֻϧû죬ͱ˵⻰ײͯĥֳ
ͯĥ飬ŤͷСԶĲӣǵ΢Ц𽥳ƽˡ
ı˼ӣͯĥȻԼĽɫԼԴ¶˼ֿյı顣
ѽѽǵģôǻѾȥأ
ǵòŶԡ
*
ͯĥܳȥͦģȴ˺ܳʱ䣬Ҫһ᲻·ɱӰɵ˵ʱͯĥű˻
ͯĥͯĥĶ۾һ˹ȥ
𣿡
ʡ
ͯĥЦػش𣺡ǣҾϸѡĳɹŶ
Ȼ֪ԼҪĺͯĥѡȫһֶ׼طתͷȴͯĥ鲻̫ԡ
ü
ͯĥ⸱ʧ֮ǰŮѵı顣
˭ˣ
Ժľ¹һ죬ԺʳļֻȸĴ֮仹Ƭɫͬ
ͯĥװӡ
ʲô
˵Ҳڼʣղֻǿͯĥȵķòѯʰˡ
㡣ͷûиûͬĵļһ
㶪ԼϲĶҲѷӦɡ
G
ͯĥƲ¶˵ɫ˵ĻܹŶҲŲʲôûиļһ
ҿ̵ֽĽ棡ͯĥǿǸҴҸȥ֮أ
Ҳо˵ġ
˵˶ڸԭλ顣
ԼĴʱ򣬲һǸоʹ
ͯĥѹָо𣿡
ߡΪ˭оѹ𣿡
̧ǰ¶˵ı飬۵ȴû˿֮ɫͯĥ

ЦԼղŵЦ
ˣˡ
뿪Ժӣͯĥԭֳ˱Ҳʱ¶ⱾʵӲŶԡ
еûͬģ޷ܵ˵ϲŭֻ֣ǾʱӦЦŻ¶ЦݣʱӦÿ޾ͻ¶ѹı顣Ϊݼ߳ԼҲƭȥƵġ
ʵϿųߵͽֻЩ˴Ŀ
ϸû飬ôָأ
ССͯĥᡣ
лҪ˵̹ףҳͯĥһԡ
Ϊʵ̫
¸ͯĥ䲻ƯҶ裡


104 
޲鷿ɳӲУ鿴ʱ÷ǳУȻҪһ鷿ܳ鷿޲ҡ
޲һԵ֮ͻ鷿оԼҩֻڷӿܹ֮޲Ҿͺˡ
ΪͿݱĽݾȻҵڵɫ˰¸鷳
뵽µĲӾ࣬ﻹͯĥ飬ķƤӲǱָ׹γ˼ǳǳİ׺ۡ
ΪҲһ޲һ޳ǽŮѰҲݷլ֮£ϵǣ޲Ҿ鷿š׼ţǰøձĲתΪʹ˳
ƲһۣȻƵ޲վǰ鲻֪ЩʲôѵãΪ޲Ҳ鷿һŶԡ
ϴ崺Ц߽鷿Ѻ˸ס
ɫһ˲Щѿ֮Ƥͱ࣬һ˲ı仯Ҳѿ
˼УԼи߶Ը˽ˣɹ̬֮Ǳ䱾˵̬ȸһ㲻ͬԹΪ֪ɱ˶ټɪɪ־ǹˡ
ȴȫĲм
ȻֲȻսЩҧ뿪ȴ˿Թ˶޲Ҷ̬֪õ޲ҵò˵õ޲ҸѪԼøǿֻܽߺѹͷ
˼ᱻϣҲѡӡ
鷿ﻹһǳ޲ѪҺζǸղ޲ָһѪ˵ΪѸǿķʽɱĻǴһЩ
ֳˡ
ߵɳߣѾϣɳϣɳ΢΢ݷ΢ԣϹҲĵ޲΢΢ƫͷɳȴֳ°Ϳ
޲Һ̲ס˶䵽һߵϡ
ͯĥ𣿡
޲Щ棬ȴûͯĥʱеô
š
˵ͷָƤã滨̵ģǻӡ
һʣµĵͷܻɳϿͯĥġͯ޲Ҳûֹֹûʲôõġ
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ᷭһҳֽȴ鲻ͬ黹˲ͼʴŻǡ

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105 
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˵ϿƺûʲôͬǱǰϲһ˴ˣ޲ҽȴȻ´˵ɫ
Ȧֻоҹ˲Żе
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Ѱ˼ԼҸ⣬Ѹղŵ½ҹˣڤ˼ȴҲʲô⣬ҲΡ̧ͷתתԼ۾Ȼɤӡ
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106 
΢ɬĲˮ˳źôܹϨеĻȡ
Եصͷ޲ңϵɫ¹⡣
޲Ҳõ۾ǲܽһﶼմƵĻ棬۾ͷɨβһһġÿһ˿ÿһκ
Ŵ￴ĶԽԽạ̊́µĺƺȡ
һĻңһȴⲢʲô˵顣
ʲôֵ߳ܵ𣿲ǵģ׳춨ɡ
˶߳ܵΪԼ˽ײڲ˺κ˵ǰµĽ˾߳ܵ顣
޲ҵѾգҹ¶ЩͣҲе䣬޲Ҳ㣬ôҪůһġ
ָ˳ġȻ󻺻ƫƵϵ˿ڴǵ˰Ѿǧ꣬Щ䲻ǵʱĥġ
޲Ŀ΢Ȼ󻺻صͷĴᴥǵϸỊ̇ƤΧ̲סһƬС
ˡ
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˶ҪѶԷͷĽǲʺǣ˸ֻͬĶ׺ݵӶԷԴڶԷϹӵء
޲ѾǵǸǾ˷λ᲻ˣѹƸǱƵһʱ̵Ļ̫óʱԽãֲԽԡ
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޲ָָ֣ɼɫһε޵ĺɫ޲ҵָʳǶߵһεδش䵽ŮĿС
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107 
ʲôСʲôǽǵˣڵΪƵĸҲһ˳˵ĵطйĶǣ仰ڵĹҲͬá
Ȼһִٹƴ˵Ĺ֮˾֪ô˵ƵְλҲǸģȥˣҲ١
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Ϊ£ոճ˹Ƹٵʱǳ˲ٿͷǹ䰵жЩʱµ˴ŵСӡ
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ҲǸЩµϣʱ˰ƴҲ𽥱ĵӦЩиʹӵĹں󶼹ò̫̹
ӾƨµλԽԽȣﻹйССǡϢˣͳͷҲǹͷһһһˣ䲢ﵫȻࡣ
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ҲǣĶˣô˵ԷԹĶ޲ҵĶﻹ˳谮ĸо
ջָ֣ղǵĴвȻ˸ղС￴Ǿ仰
ʩ֮˵Ѫ
룬˼ġ
ʲôʱ𣿡
ֽһƯƷĺǑӳҧŴƤĺ춹ھ©˳
޲ң֮ҹ
ҧźǑӵĶ˶٣Щ졣
ô죿
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ͯĥһϲӣЦеؿĺǑӡ
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ͯĥϵĺǑĨȥ¶һ˸еģ
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ЩʲԸţԸԼ޲ҵ͵ʵȻס޲ҵļֱȥ
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108 
Ҫ˵ǧ֮ݷʲô仯Ǳø͵ˡ
뿪ڶҹ޲̤ɫ˲ݷլۡ
µգϱ˰ռ˰Ĳݷҫգϰ˰ռݣ°޲ԼѾһѰ׹ǵֳݷ
󲻿Եʶơ
һֻأǸͼ̹ԵһƵĳСǣǰĲݷҫҲǡ

޲ҿǰĲݷҫüͷŲݷҫվǿ˹ȥԼ
СʲôҲˣҲʲô޷ȥֻܿľɫǨԼ
ª
ҴһֱֵڣΪȡ
ݷҫտ޲ҵòⲢԼ㷢޲ҵ
ݷңĳ衭
裿
޲Ц۵ȴƽ޲
ǲݷỹǲݷǽ߾ȫ٣ʱ򲻾ǳ裬óԸ޾ǿ֮Ϊʲô־ǳأ
֪ν
޲ҵ˵
˵ʲô
ĴݷĴլԼǷƾĲݷլŰ˷ƣ޲ҿһשһһʯһľ޶Щ

йõӰˡ
ߣҲѾҪˡ
޲ƫͷŰѩһ㷢˿СŮһʵƤ򡣼ʹΧճƺǲӰСˣ
޲۾Լ׵ʱҲͲݷĵϷ
ҰļУݷҲѵõĹʣֻǿϧֳѳߵ£ڣͳݷҫտеĹĲݷңҲҪڴˡ
ǾҪű޵еʱ̵֮ʱ޲ȴڴ˿᲻ʲô֮С
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ȿȡ
ݷҫؿڿӲݷĲ»شӲվ
޲ңΪĴڣŻô
û꣬޲Ѿüͷͷش˲ݷҫսȥҪ˵Ļ
ǲݷԼܣҪѹԹϡ
޲ŲݷҫձԼӲӣݷҵҺθɣںܾ֮ǰҾѾǲݷһԱˡ
ϰɣǲǰԼܵԭ̵ҵϣǿЦ

ĺѾȥˡ
˵ıӦҴûоı汲Ҫá
޲˵⻰ʱԵʵҲȷʵԣǧûʲôǴ԰Ҳվߵġ
ԺҲһֱȥ
ݷֻϵһ׾ٵʧϡ
޲ҵĻвǲݷҫɫȴûһ˿仯ûһ˿ҡ
𣿡
ݷҫȴЦһ˵ǡ¾𣿡
޲ұһ˲ԭƽҲһ˲ѪΪ֮һݷҫոоĵɱ⡣
ǲݷҫȴ侲
ǵصɱһ˲䳯ݷҫϮȥ֮ȴֺܿ纣ˮ˳һȥˣ޲ҿǵŭ𣬿Ųݷҫյ꺮
ʲô
ݷҵǷǣǣֻ޲ҿֻ꣬Ҫ뵽͹ɱǵĿԾԿԼŭ
սʱڵ˴Ȼ
ΪʲôΪǹ
ͬǻţɱûй˹ɱʲô
¾֮ǰɱӣһס
ݷҫϸ֮ǰ飬Ըɱж취ڲݷǧ䣬ֻһ⡪Ǿ㡣
޲ɫ䣬ʹ಻ԾѹӼŲݷҫյĻ
Ȳݷֳ֮ǰҲ˵ŶΡ
Ҿ롪ʹˣҲҪڰ
ݷҫն޲˵ӵ㡪ȴ
ΪɱӲС
Ϊʣ޼ʹ࣬Ż˵Ӳ𣿡
޲ֻĻ˵ĿЦ
ΪʲôҪ޹صˣ
һвǣעˡ
޲ⲻ˲ݷҫյ˼ݷҫҲû˵޲ҶǧľҲͲˡ
̾һ޲˵Ҳ²ʲô
룬õ֮ͿԺ¾һ𣿡
޲û˵ΪݷĲûд
ԲóԸġ
ݷҫỺȴ˵֮ԣò㡪ܹġ
Ψ־
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š
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һҹû˯һֱԺ￴Ҳ޲Ҵߵ̫Ѿ޲ҴҲҪݷˣҲǽ·ʱˡ
ӵվ˫Ϊʱľԣһվ͸о˫Ƿ·Ͽҧһʹࡣ
ɫƽȻһյ豭ȥ
յеѪɫûΪʱŶѪҺһɺɫȻŸոʱʻС
һ׵ѪҺմָ⣬򴽽ͿĨԵϡʺѪ׵ڴ˿̽Ӵƾ˼ֹС
˲Ϣ֮䣬ԿϵĲ֪ʧȥԭĹðࡣ
Ǽ΢Сģ⿪ʱŻһա
סϵһ۾ͽڵȵٴλصڣʱ̾ŵڴ˿뿪壬ȴû˾ظ
ߵԼ˷ϵֵĲӻز׵ĵУɫԵֵŲõ⣬ã˵ȥ޲Ұɡ
Ȼֵ䣬ų˱ԾǽͷżеĲݷլȥˡ
ٶȹ죬֮ǰϵɱӲǡ


109 
ʱ򣬾ֻһʱˡ
վԶݶ̧ͷȥԿֵѾŤѵķѹһѷ档
޳ǡ
޳ǳԭֻһǾΪ֮ĵŮֻ޳ǲŻ᲻ܿƳڵ档
ӴԹһ޳ڴʱʾʵòŤķȲضһ𣬽Ƭֵױ˷档
ɱӺҵսѾ˰Ȼʱڣ׵ľ붼ܿսϵĵ⽣ӰŹɱ֧ĽʿӵϣηҪЩ
һִĵϴӴ׳֦һԾ³սɱȥ
ͯĥǰѾ˺ܾˡ
ɵģǰڹȥΪӵˣܿսϿҶĺǸҶɽ£ѾΪûĺӡ
ͯĥӶнɫȣɫƬӿһƬıȻȥӯɽĳǺ̻κ֪ⱡıжľ綾
ԽƯĶԽж
ͯĥҲˡ
ųɫòԼܽ˵Ļһͽƭ˺̺κΪǰͯĥΪҪˣڲ֮ǰǵɱһŮǸĹͯĥϵЦȴ̣е׾ٵظĲӣԼ̵Ϊȥ֮ء
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ںѹ֮ͷӦ˹סݺݵصǰϴű˵΢Цͯĥ
ƽ֮һֱΪԼҰĺӣǾڲ֮ǰȴͯĥе֪Լĸ׵ϢԭҰĺӣҲ̿һ۰Լĸס
ǰͯĥȴĸ׳Եˡ
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ͯĥеԼ°ͣһſ
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Ƶĵͯĥײ̶ĦͯĥеȾ֮ȥ̫ӽ֮ûа취ܡ
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̿ͯĥЦ˵ǿ
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ԼĽ㻹Ǳͯĥɵ֮ĸףǶǱͯĥֶǰĶʹ࣬ڵȻҲҪһһ౨
Ů˻ǲɰ
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κ֮ôܿẕ́ͯĥɣþȫʹߺҪ
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ǰ겻ʮ꣬츳ֻԼܵϿʱʻʴ࣬ڿԼĺĲҲֻһƬƽ
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ŭϯ޲ҵԺʧȥǸںǰ̿ɵ˾ֻıѡ
յĲ໹䣬ȴڴ˿̸һ

޲ŭҪת뿪̿ôߣʹһֻ۾̿ɾеĹЮŻĵг޲ҹȥ

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ΪЩ治Ȼôᱳҡ
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޲ŭĸµȴûн޲ҵĻϣֻн޲ɱһͷ޲˵ʲôûõġ
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ǰͺ̵Ĺɱӽʿ޲Ҳֻһãֱ޲ұߵǸ·ڣһϸӰ

޲ҿǸ˭ϣȴֽԨˣȴķԼʹ˴ʱ˿Ҳ˿Թޡ
𱻱ѵʹ࣬־ʧȥĿԡ
޲ԼµЩˣпధģвʷģҲдݸġ
һ⣬Щ˶һԶҲ޷ʵԼԸԶʹг١ʱ޲ҴЩϡ
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λ飬һαԼ˫ۡ


110 ⣺ص
޲۵ʱЩãȻĿѤĺɫǴ˿Ѫ
ⲢѪأһƬͷĻ
޲ϵ⻨Ϊҳɫı˰ķǧ꣬۾ܸо˰ģ
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޲ΪԼ˻þǵԼĻڿʱǧճôٴ۾ȴ˱˰
޲ҴӻȻʶĵľ
Щµһµһֱ֮ԱǲŵĴڣȻʶĴڵġ
ãȴƮһ使ĵ
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޲üͷΪԼ˻
һ룬һγֵ뷨
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˰޲ҿɲôõƢʾƯڰճ޲ҷһۡ
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ֻЩ޲Ҳ֪Ŀ⾯ؿǰı˰ȻΪ˰òһ˲ʧ񣬵ܿͷӦ˹
޲ҿű˰Ŀ¶⣬ѯʡ˭
˰ûлش޲ҵ⣬´޲ңԽԽò˳ۡ
޲ҲҪȵƽʱڵĴֲԶˣҲֻһȦɵ㣬ƽյĴ֣ĸǳ࿡
Ҫֵ˵սǻɱСǰ˳ɫĶࡣ
ǵģΪʲôƫƫ㡱
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޲һͻȻֵĲ֪Ů裬һȴ˵֡޲ұЩʧǰ֪˭Ů˺ʲôϵʱȴһŲ
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ڣ޲ԵһӦǲʲôģǿ֫ٺ·ʹ˿ڣҪȥ޲ֻһı˰ȴһ

˰ܵĽӵڻ˲ͷ
޲Ϊƿ˰ûУͬס˱˰¶εЦ⡣
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޲ҸоԼе̡
޲ҡ
ס޲ҵ֣ɫЩů⻹ǲ޲Ҷߵı˰ͼ̹Եһ¾衣
һǿ࿴˻Ƕڱ˴޵ļ̹Եһ޲ȴΪˡ
޵ʻΪ޲Һͼ̹ԵһƵġ
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̹ԵһŽĵĳ嶯޲ңڳ̹Եһ˻ڵٴδһܡ
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̹Եһ˳޲ң޲ô̹ܿԵһ
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֪ȥУֻҸڽԵһʱ򷢣Եһ뿪Ҳֻиոձħ̵ļ̹ʤˡ
Եһ㲻ȥֳ
Եһļ˵ȻԵһû˵𣬵ǺϦദô᲻֪Եһʲô
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Ȱ̹ʤǰӲ̹ʤ˵̹Եһô̹ʤôЯ̹ԵһСء
һ仰׾ٵػ̹Եһļ֣Ȼ޲ҺǶڼ̹ʤڴǹ˴ʱ谭޲ҵ
磬һҪҡ
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ӦĺܺãòײŽ̹ԵһȰߣֵƮڰջص޲ҵı˰
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Ϊеĳƺ
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޲Ҳߣ޲Ӧ֪ԼħҪģ޲ȴû¶ųӡ
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޲Цһ˵ӼʱԼҪ顣
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սֻ֣Ҫߵһֱʧ㹻ˡ
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111 ⣺̹Եһĳ
̹Եһһ˵Ҳǲ
ճʱΪͷİƱĸΪǲ֮Ӳ㱻ɱĸ׵ķֹŵԱҲˣԵһԼֳ̹ʤȴرֳ̹ͬʤΪ̹ҵļ̳˱ص࣬СʳԴ׵ļ̹ԵһȴѾѧںСƾɷʲô˯Ų䡣
ÿδķССĴ⿴ʱԵһܻϵһҹĴ
Ȥǿÿյı仯Ȥ飬ҲΪ˫ӵֳԹ֮顣
ССԵһֳĵЦһǳֵˡ
̹ʤԵһĹ¶һֻƾɵ͸ԵһĻرԼһ
֪̹ʤԸǳΪΰĽʿ֮ԵһҪԼֳԼŵԡ
ֳˣԸҪΪǿʿôҳҪΪҵڶǿʿ
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ᱧּ裬֩ȸҲϸ߸ߵɽȻһԾιյС׽㣬ڲݵỨ
ιĵģտ佱Ŀɰһ޽ƽǺһſιҲľͷﱵΪһɰߡ
Ǽ̹ԵһССԶҲܲѤõ硣
ԸһֱȥȥԸ𵶽ΪϣԼ֮һ
Ըսڹy޲ҡ

һŻһߣʧˡ
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112 ⣺
޲ҴӵҲǺܾ֮顣
Ϊ˼սı˿ڼԭеĵ޷ȻʮĹÿÿǶæĽͷö
ħˮ鶼ˣһΪʹ꣬͵Ǿ͸ӴˡΪħ߸ٵĹƸˣµĺȦ࣬Ϊõ˯߲㣬ƵƢʼαǣû˸ʱ򴥹Ƶüͷ
ÿʱ򣬴󲿷ͺǻڵ̵
ڵĻɺܶɡ
һ죬һλ̲סڶߵ˵
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ڵ˵ģҲ˵Ͽ࣬Ͼô˵Ҳǹƴ˵ǰθ٣Ȼ̣Ҫ˵ЩкĹϵԺԲƣල˷̵ʶԾһֻ۱һֻ۸ɵĲ¡
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ԵһѴ·ļϣСʱ¶Цݡ
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Ƶ޲ҵļȻ˵־ǣһ
ͼ̹Եһǲ쿿̫ˡ
޲Ҳģ㱳͵͵Թ޲ÿʮĸСʱһ

Щɻ󣬵õ޲ҿ϶ĵͷС
޲조һɼ̹ԵһǸ쵰ϲ㡣
иɽ͵ˣ޲鲻ˬԼѪް͵˳һ١
ô޲ڳԴףû뵽޲ԵһСʱԴ׾ˣԵһ˻Ҫųԡ
Ǵ׸ס
ˣҺԵһֻ顣
ЦãҺü̹Եһͼ̹ʤ뿪ˣҪǼ̹Եһ޲ҵĻָҪٴһأ޲Ҵ򲻹ԵһŲ䡣
޲ЩƣԼΧᵽΧϵĵζ
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޲ҡʲô
޲룬ɡ
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