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1X档
õӣɾͷİ¹⡣
ǰ׸ɾǶȢٷܶʮ꣬뱲ӳԺȲ׸ҲС
ܼ޸Ϣ󡪡
ⲻģҵ氡
棬ôϹˣ
һڣа˸ܲġ
Ƕ˵ʻţϡ
ؼ֣ϵͳڹŴӣϵͳŴУˬ


1 
˸ߵΧʣǵسһЩǿҰݡɫȻʣΪСԺ޾ɫʡ
á
걳һ𣬹ؾصظһλ˴
ϯضֻæͣڱһ
⻰Ƥ˲ԶһۡҲֻһ۶ѣȻ󡪡
ûȻˣûһƤű
Ķ죬Ѿĳˣò˶ãһµͻﵮˡ
εӣҰοᷢǲһġ
ǰ۾Լһ硣
ûиֽˮ࣬Ҳûгˮһжԭ̬Ļ
µģûȾġ
տģˮ峺׵ġ
õģˡ
Ǹӣƽʱ£Ͱèǳ׵ĻûгˣֻҪмɫƵ۵ģŲ˼ߣõϷ˼Ҽ䡣Ϸ˼ҶֶšԶԶؿСǶƿı翴һݳʺֹϷˣԼɩҲŹ˵ɩӶϷһò˵
ԭˣȫıˡ
ͱɣ˭ռ˼ҵĿӡ
ܾ˰ۣߵĶ˻ӭɩӿɫǣ翴봷һ٣ĸƺҲˣǼ͸ˣСҪ¿ˮ
ʮСʱһ껹Ҫһ֪ʲôжꡣ
ʱû취ıǶĿˡ
ʱ֤һС
ƿţɹ·ӳ
ӳܾһʪ·ŤͷؼһϷš
ľͷɵģЩͷˡӳع֮󣬴ҡ˼£ּǿͦסˣûϾͽ塣Сʹãһ겻⡣
һһڵϵʪ·ҡҡͷ
ֲǺˮޣô
ɵġ
һǿ׳ϸռƵɾ
һ֦ĸ
ӳһ޸ĴֱĴɩ
ѲŽ·û˳ְ·ϴɾϡ
źһ˫Ŀһһǻĳˡ
Ȼϲңҵĸоûд꣬ôܶԼɩӲ˼
ӳһֻؿڣѩ׵ҧź촽ƵƮ𵭷ɫϼ


2 ֱ
ںӱ߳ϴ·ӻˡ
ֱŰվԺһ˸ɼܵģ
硪
Цһ״ùϵ
κ״粻һףһ˫Ŀͭһһǻŭ̲ʵʲô
£Ӻ·ǰ˵·ɽ
ߣ˻ȥ
Ҫ˵ɩ·ˣۡǰơȣ״϶õĵط롣磬ɩв£ɩӼҷ
ģ治ˡֲǶǣʲô˶ˡȻԽˣۻڣϲľͲӳ͵ġСƣһûáޣӪġüΣֱ˵ϱԣѺӸ÷һξʹˡ˵Ϊһ˵ֱͻΪӳĲ
ڵҲưͳԻп˵
껰һתӲ˵·ˣȥӱϴһϴ˳ְ·ùȥϴˡ
ֱбһۣһΪһĹı飺ϴɩӵ·
ƻˣҲõӱ߲ŷ·ӳġΪеöˣ治ɫذ·ϵĻҸϴɾˡ²ĵػأ·Ͼ´󼪣û뵽ֱôʱ
˭·Ҫϴɾġګګ˵
۽Ƴи͵̧ۿȥ
͵סֱӳڵֺһҡ
ֺӼҵûֻƾɵķŴһ졣
Ų֪˫۾ֻؿԺ﷢һС
ж꿴ĺźˣ֨ѽһŹˣص˿Ϸ졣
㣡ֱֻֽճȭͷһǵ÷ϣͷϸ𼸸
̫ǰһûˣƺҲϴˡ
磬ңҶɩһоûСҾǾһˣܰһһѡڵϵ·Ƕ·ҲӶ꼱˵
ߣĲ˳ʺһξˣҷɩǸ˼ôʰ㡣ֱؿڴţָıҧгݵ˵
ǣ˵öԡС
ֱҪԭ̫Ƕˡ
ܴ֮ԽҪллԭһֺ֪ĸݽɫˣҵú϶ѪԭʱȥȡˣʧѪ壬ռҡҡλεػص


3 ׷ˣ1
ͷûһͣ緹
ɨһȦֲֹһʣȫƺһ
ĿɨСʱֺһϽС
ԱС㣬һӳɾǡһСĸ¡
ȫˣͲһ̫ˡ
ǳԷ³Ұһǰϵ˲֭һĨ󲿷֭䵽ˣۺڷ֪˶ûϴ
³ԷͺֻСССڵسͷϵ·ҲܸɾóǸɾС
ǸĸߴˣĬСϳŷ
ôôûԷͻȻʵ
һĬ·ûĻ
ҪǱˣܻΣû֮ġȫᣬϰ߱ôˣԭ磬˶ˡ
ӳһ٣˵ʲôĿһɨͷһƣĪŤŲ֨ˡ
ѹûпӳԱߵֱʣ磬ôأ
ֱû˵ڳ
˵꣬׿ĨĨվˡ
ں溰磬ųһͷ
ƽʱֱһܳĸͷųԲ
ֱķΪ˻˵Ĺϵһ¡
ֱһףǱܻܵùģͷҲص˵㣬Ҿͱˡ
꣺
ԭôЦ
ֺûЦСҲûЦ
ֻӳ̧ƤɿؿһۡΪٶ̫ˣûע⵽Сϸڡ
ֺӿͷźӳ꣬ȫ˶ˡ
국سһͷ
׹ףԸ翴һı顣˵ȫǰɿԴ
գۼ䣬һӵ˶ˡ
ͿýͼϻŻŵĨ۾
ôǿ𣿡
߽ˣſϰϸߣȻǱ˴ˡ
ĨɾᣬĬùϴ
Ϊʲô㣿վûüϡ
Ƴһ̵ۣı·˵㻹ʣ
Ϊң˿
ϸ룬ȥʲô¶ûɰ
Ȼˣ˺£ҲԸһ˿ĸǼɣȳʮȶˣ


4 ׷ˣ2
ϻʱɾڻɽҰһ˻
Ǹܣϵһеϵܼҵ֧֮һ
ܼó̻ʻŸ·ɽͷʱ·ߴڳŲ˵ˣɱָһܼʧѪ࣬ټϾŹȣһӻ˹ȥѹϱѹһգЯĲȫˡ
ҲڲþѪ˿ڣײײߡʧѪ࣬赹·ߣŲժҰӵؼϵľ£ܼϵ˺õ߰˰ˡصִż˺ŸлܼõķҲŶӣұ㶩ס
˭뵽ܼù֮ԽԽáʲô⣬ֻҪ˾Ǯ
ʮܼһҴӻȥ˸һĺ
Ѿõ˳ֵĵز
ܼһϢͨжš̵ڲ˻飬Ѿ̹ˡ
ܼһ˻飬һ㶼⡣ҪиŮҲԸ޸˵
⣬⡣ܼ˸ûг棬ֻһܼ˻¡ܼǿּңѹܼҳһ٣Ҳ˳ȥܼ˻ʱſˣ֪¡
ûطһƣҵĺݣĹεĶ֪ģҲӦþǸҰǰֳˡ
Ҳίܼ֧չ˳˳ˮͿ֧ˡҪܼãҵļҾʮǧһҲϹϵ
˵꣬Ҳ̫ˡ۰˼ңѸƵġ
䵭˵꣬㲻ϴˡҲúܣͷû졣û꣬ӣҲ뷨
ԺվţɫĮ˱ͦһ˵ӡ
ΧһۣӦڵ
һ
ؾصߵǰ
˺ܳʱ䣬̾˿˵ôô

ܰҪǹҲɹˡҪԼĲ̡
ӣҪҡҲŭһץǽߵ;
״ȾܣһһߺңĻĵġ


5 һ˧
Ϊ˻ѳ̵ʹˡ
׷ƨɺȦܲˣͶ϶˵㡣ˣҲ׷ˡ
˫ַϥϣһߴһЦе˵˰
ֱۣҪǹʹ
ݵضȥͲͷɹȥ
ѽ
¶𾪵ı顣
Ϣˣʧȥֻˡ

ӺվֺӺС
겻ɫع۲䡣
ط󣬶ڷŵޱңҵ½ŵĵط
ССһ·
ֺڴ˯
Ѻֺӳϰһؿǡ˭ո˯¾ͱҲ᲻˵ġֺڵһĻ绹Ҫȥɻ۵һָͷ̧һĻûط
⣬ֺӲЦˡ
ҵѴ
ԭܼҵ컹Ҫţʵ̫ˣһ·òҪӣ괩Ŵ򲹶ľ·ҡƤӽ·ֺӸĹϵǳӲĵزҪһ˹Ŷ
ֺӿ˵ɵһۣĮ³֣衣
ǰСүүʮ٣żҵĶŮҪȥΪ˿һЩҧðͷˣҲծ治ǮΪ˻ծֺ̰ڵظɻֻΪ˻ȡ΢ĹǮ
Ҫûε·ó޵ҪĵܴܵôԸ⣿
һڣҪˡ
˵˰ɡ˼׵ģһһѣ˼һҪ׵ġ
곤ٿܲסһåΪһ׸Ҫʲô˧ҲΪʲôҪᲱϣ
ұ죡ŭ
ָϱȻһ£һװĶ
ܵҪܱס£ҲвٺôܼҸ̺ͣأָ©һ͹ۼҳˡһѣ˵ѣܵഩϰͻˡܱܵ˱һĲֵϾй𣿡ĵ˵
ֺӷ˵һ˼ҶԸѸ޸㳤һźҲ廨ͷпãΧ˶֪ʲôԡǰһ仨ܼҲҪġ
˵ͱ죬Ҿ費ѣľ⣬ƯһЩһܼС翴˧ıأ
裬Ūˣң
ֺӷҪֻ׵͹ܵߣץʱ˯һ


6 ˻ǰҹ
ȣխĴϣ˰Ҳû˯š
ڴֱþ춯ݡ
Ѿ˯ˣӴһˡ
˯ţ䲻ʡ
̫ˡϳһ㺹ˮϴһҲʪһƬ
Щεؿݶ̾˿
С˯ĵط
˯һݣм䳶һƻš黨һЩͷˣ汻СԼܿĴ
һǲһǽڣطֻܰһŵ˴ƽ棬˶ޱѹ֡ǽֱֲӳһ紵ݶġ
ҹȴ˯⡣
֪żˣȥˣ˯žȥţҺ㰢ô˯û˵
ˣҲżȵ˯šϾߵؽ͡
ȥˣץ˸ʲôӹ
Ьֵسȥˡ
ȥһͰˮߵԺм䣬ҨһưˮҪͷ½
ﴫһ͵͵Ŀ

˭
궯ͣˮӲϽʵؼݷĸϣſӵķ϶ȥ
ӳСģпһĻʱһڸ
˭˳ʱ䲻֨Ľ䱸֮ġϾ̫࣬Ҳܶ࣬Сĵûдԭ˺ģɲòס
Ĩȥ°ϵˮ飬ˮưŷĵط
ҡһӺߺƵ
۾ϡ¹⿴ȥϳǸӳǴɩ
ҳС⡣ӳȵǰֱضĸ
˭뵽첻µһСеĺġ
ص˵ʲôʲô
걳ȥŲһŲԱߵӰ
˯ˡ˵
֪ãԾɩԶһ㡣

ӳԹؿһۣһͷˡ
ûп뿴Ļ棬ֺʧ죬ŷʵˡ
С§ź˯㣬ϢϣûҲ˯ˡ
һˮ裬ûȥϽ˴ϡ
꣡˺ü궼ûзӦ
ÿӣͼһ˿ҵڴϡ


7 

걻ʵļˣ㶵۾ȥ
ϻæƾɵĲȥ˵ϽѴϣʱˣ˯͵ˡ
ӳ͸ˣæҵܡ
ֱǣŵĽкվſʣɶˣ
ûû¡ӳһҵ˵
ǲ֡뵽˲ʡĵĵܵܣֱܵγˮ
ǣҿһֻ󡣡ӳ۾˸˼£˵Ĺ塣Ҫʵ˵ˣֱ󷢣ʮа˾Ҫⲻ뿴Ľ˵겢ûдǸʱȥ
̫ˣ취ߡ
ֹһѣӳģ˵ģ֪ʲôϻĪЦݡ
ֵﳤõģƤѩͲΪ걩¶棬Եòôѩ·ûбյĵطۿɼİ𪡣
괩Žѳǻһһûϳ
ģġɨһۣ۵
˸ǷԵûɵġ
ô£ȥˣҴۣصһӡ
̫ˣ㱻һȥ
ִϽȥϴ
·ߣСڳȥġܵÿʣжõط
ˡܼܵߣϹϾ˵
찡ʲôطҲ̫Զˣ̫ܲˡҪҼ޵طҿһ춼ȥܷ촽ġ
ĳܼ÷򸾡
ŭ˵ּδ̫ʶ̧٣ǸѾôˣǻǲͬ˻¡ҪʶȤ㣬Ϣذѻˣ˶á
ܼ̾˿ҲһʱͷԷȣҵķϣϼסû뵽Һİ˻£ôѡ
ϴ֯͵Ľ£һ˵ǾЮԱۼˣز˻顣֪ӦǮûôˡ
ȵּңɱѻ˵ôҪúּ˰ｻ
Ϸһȴڡ
飬Ҳܼҵɾʹ˻ֺý档


8 μ棨1
棬ʲʣЦݿ䣬һճڶ˵ϡ
ûͷƵģϡ
һõɫۣһ͸İɫɴʱеĿʽС紩··ʱͬƮƶ
ķɫͰףɫ·ĵƤӰ𪡣Ľ²һ˫ɫĽѥЬ˿żֻŻԷĺӰĺƺط裬ɷǺÿ
پ£޶ˡϴ˸С׹˿תͷʱЩ˿ᷴϸˮһֹĸо
ʣеȡ۾ҡΡ
ӳķ϶ڽ޵һ
۾ֱˣץߵ˵ȷ硣
ˮûˮˡֺ˵
ҳһ࣬ӶܼҪ˻£Ĺܸûˮ
šüëûˮȥӱô򵥵ĵְֵؽ𣿡
ֺӿֱ꣬׳˵ǲˣˮˣ
վ˵ȥ
ƨɸոأ˵£
ţۿֺӣܵܵĴӣĶȥȥˮѼøɵĻˡ
ɡֺӻ봹һ¡
ݷ˵ȥҲϣ˯˿ʲôӣ
ֺһ߷ߵˣͬ˵ֱ
̫ԽԽߣܼҵ˳ٳٲ
ǲʱˣ˼˵ɽ
סתһȦСĸӳĿϣòЦ¡
ӳǼ˺ˮޣµصͷȥָͷˣҲоʹƵġԱߵСͻȻһӳƮɵǲŻصعȶȾˣ̵󼦵ˡ
ﲻԹ̫ˣҪ˻ˣò
̫ˣǵѳֲס
ҡͷܣġ
һֱɵҲǰ취ƨɶˡ˸ڴӼʿ
ԶһƬ֣ʱ᳤񣬸˶ϲꡣżҲ񵽼֮ġ
û£˼Сݡȵʱһɺˬ
Ҳˣ͵ǰ


9 μ棨2
ּңܷűӣĥĥ
ǰƾɵķʧи֪ļҵļȦɢζоϢ
ССĵصһܷæһŰڱϡƽѥϣܡһңȷľҪ˵Ų˵Ļˡ
ǰưܵԺ䣬ԺŵǼŲӭչĴֲ·ܷʵ󲻳Ŵֲææ龰
찡һ춼ȥ
ֻܷһ뷨ǾǣϽ˻飡
Я޶æӭ
ЩɺӵģΧһܷ˻Ḷ́˳̤̤תһ顣ǣۿϵҶֲ趼ȹһˣܼûڸĿ»ʮǧȥˡ
ɨܸɾԿӵ˶˻ӣ˵ı׾ݶдˡϴ϶ִٲţǴȴһֶҷţʱʱ͵ܷһۡУǵţһͷģžûʲôӣóϻǾϣС֮󶼹÷ǳ⣬϶˳ࡣ
һ㣬µǾ˵ǳȥˡ
վϢȥСҪˡ
ȥһȦ濴ţ˽ȥҡ˵
Сֹ˵ʲôסˣ˵㲻Ҫ̫ãֵطϳû
֪ˡС̺Ƴһۣԥؽ֡
βС档
ҼСȥ㣬ȥʡ
Ц
ܼԶ罯ңܶ⻹ҪŽҡһֱŽ棬򹷣켦½ߵС̣Ҳ׿ʵʵš
СĵطȣƫҪվ̫µȡС˼дˣŽ󣬿ôķϣܶһĵغøУĿľʹﵽˡ
汾ֻһߣͷϵҶӣоһ΢ĸо
Ѿ÷ǳ΢ˡ
ʲô洵ӣת
˺֮ģ֪ؾȥ


10 μ棨3
ｨ˼Сݡ
˵СΪֻݵһ档ĵ棬ͷϵݶȫɵġʱȵÿҪըƬ̵ϻƬɵķ壬
ƬҶöй
򻨣һ򻨡
һ飬ִͷһ飬۾ӺӢ
͸Ҷķ϶ϡ
ΧĴɳɳ졣
һжãһξ
۾ȻȻؿվڲԶĽ档
㡪šüͷ´ͻȻֵİˣ·͵͸ݻƶСׯ롣µĽѥҫ·Ż۵⣬ȫŸ͸޵òҪǷִԻΪȦĶգԵܺΪ֮
ʯ䣬뵽˵ݣüº˵˻İɣ
£ͨһЩ
֦ûзϵҲûп϶ֻĮȻվǶ
ʱ洫ϵ꣬ˣ
֪ˡӦվﻹһ
߶Ǹҡҡλεģ˽ע⡣
һҶ֯ɵСӣƬҶĳ䡣
ֺɣΩΩФġ
һֱֻӿĿʵһǸߴӰ
궼˼۷
ӵݳȥһ˵ϲ
û˵ֻһ˫۾ꡣ
͸ˡ
ϻţż˵Ͱӵ˹ȥ
æֽӹȥٴ̧۾ʱѾǰҶˡ
û˼˵ûֺõ˼ϡס󳤵úܾ£ֱˡϧ֪֮ŵԵʱּҺܼҵļҾʮǧ׶ϵÿ˶ȥһѣûʸһǴӼϿǴӼҾϿ䲻˼ҡһԷٺĿζ֮ûиֻܼ˸ӿ
ǿŤĹϲ𣬲һЩһЩĲ߶ԶվġģҲ뵱򹷡


11 ף1
Ǹأ
ȥܼѻƵϡ
ղŻڣһֱûסȥˡһȦûпϵӰղŻЦݵ˲ܲŹ˵ġվڱ͵ܷӳ䣺㰢ôأ
ȥˡӳü˳۵˵
ñ¿Ҫǵģȥ춼ûȥ
ܷС̴ϰӣһشΧĻ
˰ˣһˮûкȣֶ
֪˶ڶںСڸ־޵ĿģϰеĽַſڣеĽòȡҪ޽һ˼ңһٸԸ
ʱˣԵúܲͷƯϲ֣ݸһ԰
Ҳ̫ˣҿɲ÷޽ܿࡣ
ûţһԺӾ˴󲿶ӡܼα죬ûܼⶼ˸顣
ܼҵܼҵ·ܼҵġ
ܼҵĶûвƵģ̵ӡС͹Žʳ¼ʱҲһ˰æ񣬴ûмô˼ҡ
ϵļ鴤¡
ܼú϶û˵ı湦򶼲
ףܼȷʵ˻ˡ
˱ۣ޾Ͳѹȥ
ӳո߳ţϾʹˡ
Ϻܽ»ˡԵúܵûô棬Ϊһſܼ˻ת⡣رſǵܼ֮һ˻ĸо͸ǿˡ
ˡӳϲغ
֮һƬĬ
ɨ˶һۣܼû˶òȤġ
ܼÿĵһۣ˳úܱ£ӢüۼһӢ˵ģḡ겻һ
Ҳ洫ģ걾˲ġ
ţһߵܷꡣ
ܷҲһ¡Ҳֻһ¶ѡӢ˿ڲҲǳ׵ĺѡߣּʵ̫ˣҪӣһ춼ܲˡｿõ壬עҪƽǮ˵Ҳƶ
λܲλܲҵС硣˵
˳ķ򿴹ȥʱ
ŪˣղŽֵǸС粻ܼС磬ǰǡ
㶵ı飬ܷ΢΢̧ѩ׵°ͣµһ˿Ǽˣûһ˲úãҲ⣬϶Ǳסˡ
Ǽǳ࣬ϲ˻飬顣


12 ף2
ɨܼ˲顣
ܼóĬƬ̣⣺֮Ϊұϼףϧƻϲϱ仯ҼС类̫ؼҵɾˣСɾԷһ̫ףҲΪѡ
˵ĺʸ֦ˣҵܵܲҵôֱǸֱӣܼ⸱α̲סܼõĻԡ
ܼЩΣһ˲ŵһۣͷ̴û졣ҪܼƶǲܣܷӰ첻áһ̫ؼҵ˵ˣܷԺǽ̫ظҲ̧ͷ˼ȥֻƣãʭӶ˲
뵽Ŀ÷ֱؿֱ˵ҪǾʹˣܼҾǵƶ˼ҡɾǸµǫǫӣʲôҲѷ޽ϧɾѧҵϺ޽˵ѧϰɼƽƽԺﶥײӺУԺѾ޿̡ѾзУϾҪѧˣΪᱡС磬ɩҲŹ
˵꣬һĬ
ּ޴ӱ⣬Ҳ⡣Ϊȷʵ磬Ҫ˲֪ж١Լû취Ʊ磬ԭִǴ˵ĹպĴڣҪεĴڡһԵ̫ҲϲɩȫֶӺֶŮߡ
ٳĬȥҲʫϲĿš
ɵ˾ˡ
ԭ޸УԭӦõõ³Գ毺õܷ޸飬ܷҲˣ˫ͬԼǹŴˣҲӦóư󵨵׷ԼҸ
ɤӣ˳Ĭǰ˺ܶ飬ұ֤Ժһĵġ
ģĲ˳ʺһӶĲˡ̲ס˳ɨ꣬ھǷ̣ģģôءһ·ϵϷһС磬С粻ãͶһȭͷ㲻ô˰ɣ
Ǽ۾ֻԭһ䣬ǵˡ
Ȼ㻹أҼҵĻԺˡȥ㣬ŵ֪ҼСлԼ֪㣬ҾͲܣӦûԺĹȡƾҲȢСܣ£ȣȼıӣӹŨصŭ


13 Ǻö
Զԣԭ£ȫ֪
ܣô£ֺ𾪵ؿ͸ֻ
ֱҲüȻΪʮֲ
˻ɡ˵
죬Ŀ˸˼£쵽ߵĻ˻ȥ
ܼ¶Цݣܽеô˳ȫϡ֮ǰʲô뵽ˡΪͬ˻飬һܼҵסڿ̫ˡ
ЩǶǵĲ
ܼһ£ܼ˰ѶˮһŵԺ
ּ˵۾ȫˡ
ܼܼõʾ£˰Ѷȫ򿪡
ʮƥϣĥõͷŽƹף滹ʵʳͼ
ȫϺõĶּĿǰ˵ҪĶ
üͷܼӬá
ոտڣͱضˡ
Ц͸ˬʺã˵̫ˣ˻ôණǲ˼
ЩС˼㿴ҼССĶܼ۾Цֻꡣ
˵Ǹѽáϵ˸
ϵü˳۵ؽӣʱóһСɾµ
һ֣صذѶܼãӽҵĻԼͽˡ
ܷ¶ظı顣
۽⿴꣬ϵıҲ
ǳԷܼÿؾܾˡܷĻ˵ˣȥһʯͷǵּҵʳҲζ
һͬʱһҡȥ
ˡ
ɽˮġ󣬷羰ǲġܼˣȴˣΪ㽯档
֪˵ʲôҵҲּҵһ֮
ЩǮסϼ죿
ó˳һС
ƽ޹ʷһСƣȻ֮á
УȻˡ
Ҫһ䷿ӣطҪɾһ㡣˵ţˣ˵ȥˡ
ƤЦⲻЦؿֻҪһӣҺҵס棬ס¶찡
ңҲǿ䲻ӣһڵ˵
ɨһۣ˵˵겻ǺöǺö𣿡
ǣҵȻǺöˡٸ̸һ̸öŪշӡֺõ˵


14 һκ
Ǯʹĥ仰Ȼ١
ǮңӲҳշ
ϰǮˣָϴ϶ҵطס
ǸȻûǮֵġǮҲָҵĶӡ
ҲûбĵطȥֻܸŻҡ
ƽ޹ʵһǮСʰ˶һǣֺһǣźˡ
ӳĥ˰죬ʱʱ濴һۡ
ֱȵòͷߴٵɶʰģѴɾˡʱ䲻ˣǵøϽС
ӳӦţ۽⿴
ӭ˵Ҫۼס죬Ҫһͬ档Һȥ˾˼ˣͶҲҪɩǻҡڼźùˡ
꣺
ֻȥͰˡ
̧ۿ¶ؿ˵ռˣסĶ
Ȼ˵㲻Ǹ˸𣿡
˯ŻУ̫࣬ǸѪġЦ
һ̾͹ȥˡϲĵذο
궼ǲġ
ѾʰöˣܼҴһˡ
ֱźվԺſڴߴٵ㣬Ҫˡ
ӳŸ͵͵һۡ
һ࣬Ϲ˲ˡ
ӳΪ᲻ߣ˿˿ġ
תۼ䣬һԺӵȫˣֻʣһˡ
С̿˵LãûеĸûˮۿѾˣǳʲôѽ
бһۣûУҪԷ
ûҲûвˣըѽ˵
ҪûҪˮûˮ
ȥˮˮȥԺ
˶ȣ£ֻһֲӣںԺ
Сܹ
ʲôˣ۲תʲôʣǿĸһȺųС̵ʳԡ
СŤһ£Ц˵ҰͲ͵ŸһںԺҿŲ
С۾ϵıڻζ
Ц㿴ˣ
˵ãûˮʹؿڣҶ뻯һˮˡС˵
һЦˡ


15 㲻װˣ
ʲôʱԷҶˡվڲԶĵؿ
국Įؿһۣ漴ѵڵϵľ
˵ϡ
ǺЦҪúãүص͡ҪǸɵòãүԲ˶ߡ
һصľ£һѣзǳЦ⣬Ƶ˵㲻װˣ
װΪԼˣϵıԵޱȴ㵡
λεСǰװñġͲװˣĿ¶ˡ
˲õҧݺݵص
껳ԭܺݺݵ飬ҪȻ鲻ô
ҲɱԭɣɻС
걧Ųȥ˳
޵³һĭĿ¶ݶ˵Ū㡣
仰ûڷôĲš
ٺãù˴ȼһҲסˡ
ҺСˣվʣɣҪæ𣿡
Ҫ̫Ҫˡץס˾ݣһץסСҵĸ첲
ĵطһ˿Сĺ
ˡСҰСϡ
Сһɬ£˻
ϵĲˣϵıܸӡ
Щһģʡ
С죺յĻƵסζѾˣС쳢һ
Яӣŵ˲͡
黳̵Եġ
ֱ˷ԼȻ֪سһ뷹
ߣȸ¥ĴղԶˡ
û˵¶ƣı飬˵ҪС˯Ƭ̡
ԣƨƨߵظȥ
ղãǾͱ԰Եһ㶼٣ôóԵĲ˻²졣ССţѿӺͿʰŲ
˳Сԭⲻذ˵
üͷһɾʶ㣬ȻҵСա
Сɫ΢ȣ㲻𣿡
Ϊֵáҡҡͷ˵
С˵ûгԷ
Ц˵Ҹԡ
С࿴ΪСҿƾֻƬ϶Ǹˣо
С̵ģܸͬԷֻܵ˳ˣһ˳ʣµķˡ
С̸һͶ귭ۡ
˿̣ڳĽʣԡ
˵ҪҲֻƤӣһûиꡣŷƷأܼҵˣҲһȡ
ʲôŲϡ


16 
СջֻʮӾͰѵˡ
ŨζС鲻Խ˵㡣
ǵȻȫһݵģרŸ͸ϳĴġգ۾Це˵
СٴκѸϳĴнʮˣ˪ơִٲؿ꣬ƴſˮ𣿡
͵ȵˣʸûС
ѵʧ˵⣬ôأѾЪϢˣСµġ
ǣллˡлһм˵
ҲûгԷ˵ĵС߿˺üۣϧûķˡ
ΧڳСľϣҲʳ޲һףһ߳һġ
ϸˣ
ʮඣҲкӡ岻á
ȫһݣ⼸֣ϵı鵭أ˻ǲˡ
СԵø˷ܣһ·϶ߴߴ˵ͣ
бһۣϲѽ
㲻ϲСŤűȳһСĴֵָ˵ҵĸоɾҪһ㡣
濴ȥڴСˡ
ôʲô¶첻ãҪʲôá
ѹúܵͣȻΪ
С̹ڵϣͷǸΡһȥߵһ¡㱻ˣСҲҧ촽ҵᣬҡҡλΣ
ֻһۣͲȤŤͷ
ߡ˵
СûӦվԭأǲɾ𣿡
ˡȾˣСæ
Щ𣿡ʵģ·һʡ
ʲôԣûͷûβģСһʱ֪˵˭
˳ɻԿηһ˵ôҪԼ۾ȥȻܱܿЩ˹Юˡ˵Լģ˵Сġ
ѵСǰĻнӰӡ
ʧɫأ
С̱£Ũصı֪
㲻֪ǸһŰСߵڵأԼȥҽ档
Ѿ
СΧһۣǸߴͦε֡
Щ£С׵˵С磬ǱȥˣҪܳһͷô죿


17 ·
һ˴ˣ߻С̡
֪С̷ʲô󣬱Ȱ̧ͷ
ü߿һŤͷҪߡСûкøУֿС̣۲Ϊ
꣬վס
һۣע⵽ꡣ߼סꡣ
국ʣүкηԸ
㣬㿴𣿡ָʹʡ
ûС˵꣬Ҫߡ
ҵĻû꣬ʲôߣٴνס
һ䵭ؿ
ûл𣿡ʡ
ûСĻʲôšü˵ǲһȥûˣûг
Ҹɢˣһֱҵǣ˺øʱûҵǲһ·ˣŸһųġΪѾˣ֪ûг齹˵
ۿҪˣС̶ӲϤһ˲ǻ鲻ʲôֻҪһ£ĺϾͻḡһ亹Ưϲ鲻ýһˣָо񽯴ռлƿֵǮһУݵλҪȢ棬뱲ӾлǮ
С̱żͲһظڽ
ΧľɫԽԽ죬С̲סڵС磬ǸղžǴ߹ȥġ
Ҳˣսһô΢Ĺߣؿһۡ߹ȥʱ˸ذ׻ȥģΪ˾Ƿֹ·
ǧǻ·ˡ
Ѿǵξˡ
治ģִСǰһ·
תԭء
СҺŲô찡Ǻ·ˡ
ȥһɨȥСϲҿˡ̵ȫҲҷֻŽ档
򶨵˵˲ԣֻܽԡϣһϣ˵˽ˡ
ӲţСҲˡ
˿ڿˮʣʲô
𣬰ӰˡֻгԱˣǲֺܱҳ·˵
ȥ˰æÿ˼ĵһӦϹš
Ǯÿ˼Իš
˵ûǮͨ񡣡
ˣǾŻѣˡ


18 
棡棡Ķ˵𣿡
鳶ɤӴ
ǮǴүԻشӵߡڵϹģаȫСӺСڳһֻϻʲôģԻֿ˵ģϴǵؾܾˡˢøжȵģС
ȣ߾ͺˡоԼһʺΧĿǵġûдҲûȤһԵظ档
ôҲҹģ黷Χİɭ֣һطë齥΢۾ߵԻ
Ի˵֪Բʮﶼɽһۿͷôˣںһɳӣ֪жѡ
͸ˣΪ˱ԼûгԾͽɽˡڵóӶˣƮһûС
߲ˡһƨᵹڵϵһµʣ˭ˣ
Իóıݹȥ
һĻ껺س쵽֡Ҳ˸ǳ鰤Ұʱ÷õĲ˱
֮ؼҳԷϾ˼ҵǮҪ˼Ӣ۾Ļ֮Уһ˵Ҿ档
ҧӲʯͷһı﷢ݣҵȥԺһҪõľ¥һ٣ݵȫ
ҧ˰ɰͰ͵ı˵ʲôϳˣǿؼǰߡ
ԻĵȰȥҲ˵ġɢҡ
ԥԥʣɽûϻɣ
Ի˵Σˡ
˵ܷɢ˵ģһ·ˣ᲻ġ
Իж˵ˣĳ
ԹۣǵС˼
޽鵽꣬һת˵ҪȻǻǷֳ·һ·Ҵţһ·š
ԻǶ˵ûһ顣
һ겻ģûһ顣˭ͽֺôһ˾ǮһôûС
ͷð
ûܿͦϧġ
Ǿô˵ˣ˸㣬Ǳ·ܿһҵˡ
Իһ£Ƴù
һݰͰ͵СηصԴƳ
һĺڣе˰̵ˡ
Ϊ౻ų⣬ӰһվҪˡ˵ʱ˻Ϊ˾ȳôˡ
Сǽġĸ첲б˵Сȴ֣ܽɽԵϡϼ̫ˣֿǸɵǮһǮȥ
ؿһۣΪõǮ踺صվߡ
ңҪҵˣǮ¶һЦشˡ
ǮҲǮҪõǮȴȥɡ
СѰκη紵ݶܾһȥ
֪ĸһǺСҵװ˵һɿ뿪棬˵С磬̫ˣ߰ɡ
֪Ķ𣿡ʵ
һ֦һͷüϸϸġһˣĶܵʹ
СҡҡͷСһƬ֮ɫ
ûãĻǻȰѶˣİ취ɫصվŵһŨҵȳζ


19 
һ׳ߴڳſѪڳС̹ȥ
Сңŵشһ
С磬㡪СҲԵؿ
ļȥץСҵ־ܡ
Сұܱ˵տá
ҪˡǺּץסСҵ֡
ϲʲôСҽŵس濴ȥ
ĵģ˵ܵʲôֻOO@@ӿհ˺üӡ
ð죬ŷӦڵеĶһ˲ϼƤðһ㡣
ܵСңͻȻ˾޴Žܵ÷ɿ졣
·ֻϹܡҲֲ嶫ˣֻҪµĴߣǰиҲԥȥ
֪˶ã˽ŵһյȥ

ҺڽС˵
ԻɫӲӴ򲻳һƨ
ǸСӸţһ·߹һֱͷôҵõˡ
оĿɨ˹С彩˽ӺߺߣңҺҲˡ
ҵĶëˣ϶ˡһˣסСӵĲӣһõӡ
СӵӲˣһľͷƵһҶ
ûвҲֻΪԼ⣬Ͼ̫ˡҲԼӸӲǰСߡ
Ǵĸ򷢳ģöСӵĶ˵
СӸоǹϢȺģСһĶ巢飬һֶ˵ָ˸
ҲоǶļ¶ͬı飬˵һ仰̫ˣԺԵ㡣Ӻɷ򣬻Ҫǿ׳һЩܱˡ
˵꣬ʹС߿ˣŻһȵǰ档
üСӣȷ𣿡
ôһʣСֲȷˡͲǸŵˣ⻰̲סһ£ȷ˵Ƿ
һ
ڵϹģҲûһȷķĶ߶Ϲ
ظ
겻ˣŻȥģ֪ڸʲô
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˾һŻѣһְǿϵĲҶӡ
ǿҶӣ˿ˣһĽӡ
Žӡ߾ҵˡ۾һǰ棬˭һ
ţ꿴ǰǸСɽ£泤˺ܶïܵҶǰ·ʵʵġ
ԼԼģϸ΢ˮ
Сģǰǡ
Ļû˵꣬˾һŲȿˡ
ۼֿ죬һץסĺ·ӣӲǰΣձԵץ˻
һ˲䣬˵ϳһ亹عĵض˵лл
̫ˣҪסѾȥˡ
ûգڵģʲô
𣿡
Сˡ
ʱѾ΢ˡ
СҾϲ˵С磬Ҫǡ
濿һʯͷϣԶһϸСϪΧǿ֦ҶǸǳɾˡҪ֮ǰô࣬ǾԲġûа취Ť˽ӣСҵһ첲Ҳˤˣֻڵĵط
ͣذοСңʵҲڰοԼﺦ£ֻǲСһֳҪǻˣСҾ͸ˡΣյʱ򣬿ûõġ


20 ҵ
˵ǻȥү취
ãȥү˵
˸ˣѾߡ
Сվԭء
ûա
̫ˣÿףҲСˣɼж
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С۾ؿණ
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ˣһࡣ˵
Сϸϸ˵ǲ˵ˣҪүپ𣿡
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Сɫ˵
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ˡ˵
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ΪǵЬʪ͸ˣڰǿЬӡ
ֱֱؿȥڵڻ¸ҫۡ
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ˣֻЩˣҰһȡ
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ܿ죬ýƣҶҲˡ
ѱݸǣָⲻظָһ굹ûʲôǽ
СһΪǱ𿾺ģС˵㿴ɶϸİ治СΪʲôҪ˻顣˵㣬ɳö࿡ġ̫صĶȻǮǸӣѧðʳɢ˵ʳɢ˶Ƕ뵱̫صĶӿ׷СƨɺܣżʱͿСˡҪûйҲŲš


21 Կη
ˡˣСæ˼۾
صһ£æۿŵ棬һûһµҧıʲôζһ㶼ûг
˫ŴǰСԱͣˡ
ѲŵϣСߡ
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ϸϸ洫ֻķˣ˵ʲô
ڽҡվ˼濴
Сɵ˵ûа
ѵֻһˣץץ䣬˼ý⡣
꣬㻹ҪǻţӦһС溰
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ǲҵĴ꿪ʼӦСӡ
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İɣܿˡŵ˵
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Сڻѱ˯ˡ
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תһϣһ۵ÿҪƵġ֮ɢˣǲҵȥ·
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ĺ£㶼ǮµģҸط˯һ¡û뵽һİ¡
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С磬㿴ƢðСҴյС˵
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ҸС˵ʲô˵ʲôʲô£СҺһط˸ۡ
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ʱǿ˫߽ȥġ
ʱǱ̧ġ
˶֣ǶԺˣЩ˻ûɢȥվ̸ۡ
˵ɽ·ˣǸˡʵʵڼżˣŸɾһȥ¡㿴ⲻͳ𣿡
˼ҳľǲһǿġ
˵ʲôĶУ󲿷ֶ۽ĳͼԽ˽ܳȥΪĲ
С磬Ǻ˵˵ҾͦõģһⶼûСС潯򱧲ƽ


22 ũϵͳ
ȥȥȥˡ
ʱ˵˵ȥԼҵɵǶû¸𣿡
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ͽ⣬Ҳ롣
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Щָɣ죬޷Ӧû˼Ҳɢȥˡ
СҵˤˣŤ˽ţǸ粻ֲܿĴүΨһĻ˾꣬С̺ͳˡӳ࣬ԵĶ˳ԷʱС̸ѷ˶˸飬͸ѷ˶˵СҺͽ
ܶò֮ǰţȥˣŶŷ˽ȥͷβԴڴϣֻܿŨܵ۽ë
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Цת˲ţգ֮ʧˡ
һʻ˴ǰʹӿΧлԺţƺƵͣԺǰ
һλˣŻؽ˽Сڵ
ѽôؼҰɡ˵ʧˣôϰµģͷ˺üʵڵȲؼˡ
ĥ˰죬˸ָɣû˵ˡ
Ҳ˵ȰˣؼãҪʲôûʲô˯˯þ̫ˣߵˣΪûϻؼңͣΪΡ
˵СһۣСҳһŵ亹˵СҵĴСûбС磬С·Ť˽ס
ϵ˺أˡˣǾ˵ʧְ
˵ؼң
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ʩһͳһӸ꣬Ӹµ˵͸ģл档
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Ť˵Ҹֲ죬֪˵ʲô
֪⣬İôҲ˸ʹ͡ųӣǳá
վſڣĿżŻҳʧԶ
ЩǮ¼ˡ˷ܵ˵
ûбˣֻһڴϣĵش򿪴ũϵͳ
ĵһ𣬾Ͱ˴ũϵͳ
ϵͳƻΪӵĶĴũ


23 ͸֧
ϵͳĵһǣӵһ
ּ̫ˣ˵̫ˣһҼһﶼûУʵӵµ
Ǹ˵˵һҪʮӣûطӣ͸ˡ
ȻˣЩҲ͵ġ
黹˵һ仰ӦңԺԶһ㣬Ҷӡ
ǳˬشӦˡ
ŵ֪֮ϵǵϵֻ£ͷܿջϲһ绻ʵݵĶ
ڴϣزūһǮСײһ𷢳Ķ˵Ҹ
ʱűƿˡ
Ĺŷţ֪ڸʲôҪ¡һֻ̤һ̧ۿǰһСӣǵ۶ʱ΢΢һôǮ
ᵽǮղŻڱԹ̫·۵˾ǮĶ
ƹǰֽذǶ£Լʶһ䡣
ôǮһ˳Լˡ
ƨһ˳Աߣϲ̵
ôЩǮ
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ü˵꣬õǮϲһûˡΪϻһû뵽͸ϻˡо޵ߣ˵ˣϾͻǮˡ
ﲻ˵ЩǮһ
һҪʮӣæһ껹һк룬˵Ӷ˵ˣ˵µҲǿǹˡ˵
ֵؾүԷʳܷܲգҪүʲôɫ޷ׯڳúһЩֵʳµҪķ֮һɲﻹµҪԷµٲãµҲܻһв˼Ϊּأϵȵﻻµ
ּԭҲģȫ˺ϼһ£ﻻ˼µͷµࡣͷãµһǷա
ʮȫ˳ܳԼ⣿һˣ껹ֻ֡Ҫڿ첻궼ʳգһ˾Ͷšĵ˵
򵥵ĵ겻벻ס
סڣ˵۾ɵţһ󣬶ͷϵֱġ
һĪԺظͻȻӵĻ𰡣
˵ˡ·
ȰԱҪˣʱùͷҪģֻʱѡ
ݺݵصһۣˤȥˡ
겻ģСƢˣϣô˵ʲôˣ
ɫӵؿ첲ϵļƤˡ
ô˵£ң˵ġ긧Ÿ첲ϵļƤ˵
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ԭ֮ǰƭǮ˵·ʮһʱȫ˶Ϊռ˴ˡԭûû͸ָ֧꣬췢˵컨׹˵ʲôһܴҡүүֲܴ֣꣬ȫ˶˵ˡһ˰ʡԼʮӶԭԭ
ԭʮȥǷµĶծˣʣ¼ӣԭͬ¥Էˡ


24 ޲
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ѿˣԭ̫Ƕ
ôңĸĺˡҾҪһұ֤ѻȥǮġ
Ͽҵ˵
·ϵĻңĵ˵˵ûá
꿴һ˵
ȥ濴԰ǲȱˮˡ˵
ȥɡһѣӲǰƳˡ
һεسȥˡ
ûı𣿡Ͻؿ˿ſڣûſڶţŤͷС˵
ˣıˣ۾һӣʲô䣿ұˣԺҲˡԼ£ѼǮø˵
ŲصԺ
ԺĲû裬֪ˡ
һզôѰ
ֻҪһϵͳ涨ϵͳͻᷢѵӺͷϣȥŷվˡ

̾˿ʵʵȥˮˡ
Сֺӻˡ
ԷΪûҲȥǣֱӳûл
ڼû¸ɣˮһʱ͹ȥˡ
ˣǲǸûѧУˣʼˡ
ٻģ˭֪ͻȻٵԭ򡣷ĵһ죬ԴˡΪֹļȷʵˡ
ᵽѧԴʹˡò׶ѧˣҪͷѧˡЩֱʻ࣬ëرдԭٻһ鶼ûдҲûķš
һȦֻҵȼֽдø֦Ӵġ˵ĶԭдúÿԭӦҲǸѧԴտҲһζˮ
ңҲˣѧȥﻰ
ԼＸԼǿ鿼״Ԫϡϵʶʶϵ֡״ԪǧľţܲǸܹŵ˶
ûֻҪϷҲһֽѡ
﹩ô飬˵ϾͲˣ
ҿϣôҶˣǮʡһͦϲֵصġ˵
˵һ䣬ҾʹĹȡ껢ĿԲɣĿ¶׹⡣
겻˵ˡ
ֶ˵ǮϽߡ
ٰһǮһ߿˵
֮ǰôǮٸǮ͹ˡ˵
ɫһ۵ͳǮ
ǽϾߣߣ˵
װ׵飬·ʲô
һĸߣѾڵˡҪǻߣǲʶôˡ
ôȥѧԺˡ˵
ܽ·͵ˣҲһġ
ֺӽйֺȥѧԺطˣֺٻֺһԸѹ·
ֺǰߣĬظ
硪
ںֺӵĽŲҲûͣˣҲװû
磬㲻ңҾͲˡ
ô˵ֺӲòͣ½Ų͵طص
ʲôֺӶء
磬Ǿô𣿡ε˵
ȫǰ̬ˣԺĺõģһТ˳ĺöӺͺõܵܣΪʲôû
ңͲˣͰôϢˣΧҲģ޲ˣٺѪ
΢΢³Ϧ£ֺӵ
ͷ˽ź


25 챻
͵ɽſڣֺһ仰û˵ͷҲصˡ
̤ʯ߽ѧԺѧӴǰ
ͻȻһɫ۵ܹȵ§ļ˵磬ˡ
꿴һۣͷ֡Ҳ̫İɫ۵˵ôңҴ·𣿡
еˡ˵
ɫ۴ᡣ
һ䷿ŵ˴һʰøɸɾģһŶŵ߰ģ˵ȦŴʰ䡣
һƨɾŴϡ
ɫۻ˵һգ۷ˡ˸İͣ˵磬˵Ĵϣ
ⲻҵĴסˡ
ǸɾˣȻΪʰøɸɾĴġ
ˣĴɫһƵؿָһŴ˵
꿴˶Ĵһţʱһڳ˹ס
ӻ˵ģ֪˶ͷˣźܶһһĲһѾ¶«׻һƬż飬Ҳ˲ٵĻҳ
һصʣ𣿡
ɫ۱λõسȥͬ߹
شߣɫһһ㶵ġ
磬λؼѧ𣿡
ɫзܣĺѣǸ¥Ͷĳܼ͡ҾҪһЩҲǺöżǮѧУԳԺȺȡ˶鲻УԺζС
š
ͷҲ̧רעضߡ
ץץ䣬ﲻסˣõǮ𣿡
ʲôǮ궯һͣһ˵
㲻ûǮ˵ҪؼЩǮ㻹˵ҪǲȭͷúýѵһǶϲġܾЩ֣һʱ˵֡
⻰͸ˡ
ԭ治Ƕ仰Ѿ˵ˡ
ҪˡͿڴͳͭذڷڴϡ
Ǯܴ㵵۾ŵؿꡣ
ͷĵ˵Ұôҵģ͸Щ
ǸҲ̫СˣЩǮ򷢽лءƿڴ
ȥˣ̧˷һţĴϡ
ܵȻֹ浹˺üվס۵죬ίŭ˵磬Ϊʲôң
Ұôˣܲ𣿡һۣͷҧߣû˵
㣡һı飬Υϸиǿˡⲻ磬˵Ļ
ͻȻս
вɣ
Ǳ絽ˣµȥ
в˲ң㡣˵
꽩£۾򷽽ܡ
ί˵ǰģ㰢ôǼˣԼģҺŸġ㲻ֹ㰢ô硣
꣺
Ѿ֪˵ʲôˡ
곤ʱ䲻˵ܾԼܵ˵˵ҲˣǮɲԷġʳãҲԲûǮԷɱҽ裬ҵǮԼġ
˵꣬ˡ
һʰ
̫ˣû취ϴˣɢһζȴպ˯ɡѴµĵĻҳ
Ŷסһѧӻˡһݸ߸ߵˣбһ̧߽ĬԼϡ
ͼ˼Ҵ˼Ҹڴϸһ󱳣˲˵


26 ǿҰ
ܷɿسźɽܹ
ܵǰ˵꣬磬Ժˡ
֦ϴһ㣬һѻϿ
⻰ҵվ֦㣬һӽĲݴһӣƴ˴ǰĻѡû𣬷ԽԽ󣬻ӽõǡ
һĻܻ񣬼˵磬ˣԺϾˡ
˵Ҳˡ
Զһݵͷ˫̵ߡ
ߡ˵
㡣ܿ˿Ժҧҧˡ
ͷһŨ𣬱ӶԲˡΪʲôطŻˣѳ̵ľʹˣһ߸ϡ
ϵǰŨ̱С̡
һڻҵ꣬ﻹһӣϵ˴ŵϵ
꣬㣡
ͷһǿ׶
û˵
㣡󵨣ҵǲߵģͷҭ£ʡ
ҵģһζֹˡ̹׵
ͷؿھ˼£ڻ赹ȥıԵҧŽʣļ˵ΪʲôҪҵ㣿
ɽиˮġˣ㰮ˣʲôġϲ㣬Ͱ㡣˰ѹѶӺŮҲ㵱ɶŮÿ춼ı㣬ڵʲôľιš
ǰ죬ˮ˲١ֻһ㻳ɣż춼ܣȥİˣ߷ȼĻѡ뵽İĳ˵Ķӣ˯žǣˣץסɶ֡
Ӷֱ׵˵
ķ˶ҪǮģûа׳Ե͡ϸǼͭ壬ֻ򵥵̲˼ӰࡣɾǵǮһҲס
ܹĶϱСͬѧ
ں£ڴôûƷ£ᶨؾܾ˷ܵ飬ʵû취ˣܵɽѰٳԵġҪǳܱڳ˳ԡ
ʱʳ﷦ƿɳ£ȫûСֻðĿϷɵͳ档֪ԺģҲճԲ
걻ԺԺ
˸ʢһ׷ż򵥵ĲߣԵú㡣
Ժһλðװ۵ģݺؿоˣ̧ۿȥʱܾһӿˡ
Ժ˵֪ѣǰҲ˵ҿԸһοڵСһ߸һѧ
ѧǶ岻ڣȲֵġܶ˼Ϊ˹һѧϧҹΪ˸һЩܶ˶£糭飬֮ģһ㹤ǮáЩرߵģǼЩģǲмµġ
ʲôСɨøɸɾ˳ǰĲһڡ
и̣ʱʱһЩСȻǮ࣬ɣѿ顣ԺͰ˵
ʱĲ趼ɬˡ
˼ѧѧԺҡͷԣʱʱĳ֮ҲӲͷ˼죬Լһ䶼򵥵ķ֣һ۾֪ʲô֣Ϊִļֲ𲻴Щܸӵķ֣дǳѡһ㣬òë֣дָʲôġ˶ʼˣֽ׶Ρ
ѧᣬһѧͷǿҵѧÿӣѧԺÿһ춼Ƕꡣ
ԺǿҰɡؿǺ˵


27 
ԺȥϢ죬ٺúһ롣
ʾٿˣھͿû⣬ѾȲҪؼˡ
Ժ˻ȥ
һô棬ɱ
磬û̫ˣ㲻֪жൣ㡣ܿŵ˵
һۣǵȥ˵
ܴʧɫæ̧ȥǡŪɾ֮˼˵ѾԺˣڲݴû˳ԹֿϧģҾˣٺ١
۾һɫ䣬ֺõС˵꣬磬ң
ļ˵ҿѧԺҲǻӣһؼֵء
ɶΪԼˡ
ȴԸ˵ǵǰ棬Ҫʰˡ
磬ղǻʲô˼
ں׷
ܼ򵥣һӺͼ飬ڻߡ
ܻģ磬Ҫ߰
ӣżʱ䣬ҵĸˡ˵
ܰ͵ԺſУͷҲصߡ
һŤͷܵɫͱˣûĺ壬÷ޱȡ
ɷˡ
ѧӴӰ߳һ˴ŷܵļ˵
λ˲١ÿɶҲɱУ࿴ղȰң˵ѧԺӣؼֵءޱ˵
ѧԺĻӣ֪˺޵ҪȹԺСԺҲƴػһѧ˵
ԺΪùѧԺˡ˵
ҲǮ˵ǽһëǮûлмѧӸһǱǮѧӸ浽ԺǶƱ˵ǮģǮ˾ͻԺǣͬѧ֮Ҫ
Ժ󣬷ܾСܣʵԵףռġ֤ΪдһС棬ʲôʱ컹꣬д͵깩ȥΪһ죬ȫ׼ѧӰ֤֤ġԵסݡ
ʶ࣬ԼˣȻѣеĹȫһѧҧ˵
ȻԭǸôͯԣǼѧʵˡҲϹѧϧȫѧϡôȥˣʶļҲ˻ȥ
ҸĴ̡ƤĺͯǴܹȥһɵȥ
ɣץסһСӣŵǸС֨ҽУﲻͣˣſҡ
ɿ֣СһԶˣϵı־ŭԵø̡ҪǱˣһʯͷһȥˡ꣬ƨҷţֻܻؼο
ƿԺţ˵һˣ
һڳԷ컹ûк͸˰ϴɾʡ͵Ǯʡһһ㡣˼Ҿ¶Ҫϸ㡣
㲻ѧԺôˣ
ܳؿ꣬ﻹһ鿷ӵƤɵģԵûʲôζӲ˻ͣǿӡ
ߴſڣؿ
ˣ˵ͲˣΪ˹飬︶˶٣һ䲻˾ˣûģͷϵֱ
Ҷȥô͸ǵǮԷǮ˵
һ㵣ǰôģ㰢ôһֱô࣬ûʼҪǮ
ĬˣͻȻԭΪʲôҪǮ


28 ּ
Ǻ£ܸʡǮˡЩ꣬Ϊ˹Ǹ飬˶ǮЩǮĶﲻ𣿡ֺ˵
ҲǺ£ôŶûпϣؼֵءֱҲ˵
Ĭţһһ䣬ûӵء
ֺɫȼ˵о仰ұܳʱˣ֪ò˵
˵ٱšü΢Ѿ֪Ҫ˵ʲôˡ
ʱּˡֺ˵
Ҫиţܼĸ˰̫ãôѧҲûгɡͲͷˣ¶İˡң˲٣ǰƵĿ߾ͶԼȾʱҶֵ֣˲ܰѻСӸס
ֹֺּңҲּҡ̫ˣԼɩҲֶţʵ޿ˡٲּңͷϾҪˡ
ֺӿС棬Сƽʱͷģ̧ͷ¶һ°ͣӺڰ׷˵÷ּңˡ
ŷ֣ɩñȴɩҪÿ
ֱȥӳӳתת˵˺ãҲ
ֱһۣһת˵ֲУӿȥˡ
Ҳּң߳ҡ
ǰһΣǶһ٣滹˺ü죬ּͬҡֱֺӶźӣһ˼ζţپжٳԵġóǮ
һΣּҷֵʮ˳
ûû֣ϵϡ
Ǯ˷ӺͼĶĵأֺӺС治סʹסĶˡӳסֱϣҲѧ϶ȥϧӳǮǼûǮֱʱͷ
ֵľǣֵҵǮ̫١
һߣҧˣôǮһֶûС
˵ҪǮԼȥǲҪּһӲˡ
ûסĶԺҪʲôӪ
˶ˣ껹
һۣҲǮ٣
ǣֶһͭ塣
ԺʲôͿԼˡ˻֣ӲӬƵذϵ棬عš
վĺڰͻȻԼе˻Ķʮͭ壬Ӷûи
ܡӳţҪֱͺȳʲôǣѾּˣԺҪ˸ġ
ӳֻùţǱֱ˰졣
Сֺ˵뿪ˣԺҲŶĵˡ
˵䵽زԼҵģһӻһգԺ͵ˣҪҲ
ǲ֪棬Щ˽ȥȥСݣ˴ҹ
ϣȥ˴ľҡ
ľһӵľһЩҾʲôģղһľտһˣ޸ĸ޶Ůʹˣ۾е㻨ˣһջڡȥɽ￳ʱͬɽ￳ľϾͣһʹòСϧһԵذһѲ񣬻æ͵˼˴Ӵ˴˻ľǶĹˡ
ľ緹С̲úࡣһ̧ͷˣ˵˾䣺һԡ


29 ѧͽ
ֽ˸һ˼ҴҾߡ˲ǮǮҲ󷽣԰סľֿտգǰ档
ľĹߣʵʵظ棺ʲôᣬ˼Ҫ𣿡
ôܣ⻰ľͣ½Ų˵Ҹ˵ˣһСͽܹȥǶӦˡ㲻᲻ҪԸѧֻҪסȥʵʵģɻ˵͵ܻ쵽йǮãסû
סˡ˵
ľ¶ЦݣͶˣҺúøɣĺġ
ĺĲ룬ֻҪܳϷеط˯ҾˡЦ˵
ҪҲ̫ˣѵͲҸƯϱľǰߣಽظϡ
룬ֻҪ۾˶ҡһȰԼˣ¡Ц
ʦˡ
·ͣһվһСģˣĴšľ֣˴Ц
ȼ˰ɣľֺǺǵ˵
Сڰ֣ûС
С˿һۣһĻûʣ
·ߣе
ͻȻ˭
ҲǸ˭ɻ
һսġľ˵
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˰ʱͣ
ˣҷ³Сڵ֡
㣬ͽܷҡľ˵
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ǴӺŽȥ˵óײ˸Ĺˡ
С˳ȥ˹ܼңܼǸðװֵˡܼѯݣ֪ͷյͽܣûٶˡ
ǰԺǹˣû²Ҫȥ𣿡
˵ţܼ⿴һۡصעΪľСͽܣֵδ̫ˡ
ˡش
ܼһǲģľ˵˰컰
ľסһ䡣
ľֻ˵˼ҲǷңһϹͷʲô׸˼ҶҪ˼ҷ㡣Сᣬֳò
֪ˣҲߵġ
ϴˮ˳ȥˣ͵ǰһ顣
ľ˵֪ѧϰˣ
šͷҲ̧˵
ľ̽ͷϵ鿴һۡһ߿飬һддľ֣дϵ֡
ʱҲҵ顣ľԥһ£ͳһС
ַ涼ͼƬʣ㻭ģ
һģҴһӵļҾߣȫѪľ£Ƶ˵һŻһѧҾߣҪѧửͼ
ľûãܿ
꿴һ飬˲ϡľ˯˲ģһȶ쵽ˡϴľŰȰȥ
϶ľͷ̴ϸУȫϺõľͷ
˵ͽܣʵСľĸľͷͰĸľͷľɻʱͶڱϰľͷ
ɻˣˣ¶ݵϰƤϲ˺ˮˮ˳ؼʣʽĴֲ
˭ôʲô
һϤ
㣬£Ҿ뿴һ档
иǱرɣĵԺšܵԶԶ߹û֣棬ѽ
ͽӣСվԺ棬˫ֲѽиС͵ˡ


30 ļǮ
ôĶԺ˶ȥˡǲɻˣһ濴
ľѸɻļһӵϣ˵ЪһЪ
ҳȥ֡ԾԾԵ
ֲǺУÿľ㣬²Ųʡȣֻľˡȥ͸͸ˡ
ȥɡľһľм棬ֵغˮбһ˵
ͳʳˮˣԺӺ̤㡣
תͳȥˣһͻ
ԺǽվãһǽǱզզģСҵɤ
ۿԺˣǷͷȥңһҪͽӾ
˭Ķȥˣ
Сݵʡ
ҿˣǸ򡣡и˵
СҴ˵ǻȥң
Ժǽϴʲô˲ߣǽƤµ
̧ۿȥиСһĽŲǽͷǰŲ
úϡ棬۾ֻӡ
СӦˣ۵һָͷ̧ˡ񿴵˴ǣѹɤ˵̨ɷ֣
ð붼û룬ʹشӦˡ
ľģһڲˮ˳
СӣʲôæҰﰡذѵز豭ŵϣ˳ȥ
ץסС֣С˵һ㣬Сˤҡ
˵꣬Ͱǽͷק
Сһ׼ûУžߴһˤ˵ϡſ˫˫ţƵſڵϣˤ˸ʵʵ
ѽСӽһ֮ſڵϲˡ
ľÿһĻӲ
̽һ£ιû°ɣ
ûûСǰڣѵ̧ͷҧʵ֣ģ
ֻ˵Ҵ֣û˵ôġҶûиҪǮ㷴ˡҰҾͻСĵļǮˡԲѵ˵
㣡СǰһڣûеȥһĽŲܹҲ֪ڲ˵ʱ֣˵ҷҸط
زˣûȥ͵ġ
ð
Ǻ
Сһϲؿˣ֪뵽ʲô˻ȥ
ʲô£С±ƣӵ˽ҵôĥ㡣
Ϊǽҵˡ
˴ĴָʳָʾװһξˣҲٰװڶˡ
СﶮˣҲǸǮ˵ȷٲǮ
㲻¿Ұɣ˫֣񱧺һ˱ǽáЩٴֱ֣׳˵Ǯ
㣬굽ǮˡСȫۣ֪ҪǲǮǰСǲٰġҧժǮӣȡһСӲĵطŵϣ˵㣬ϽҲغˡ
õġӦøɴ࣬񿸴һڼϣӲͷθֱ³
ľĿɿڴؿţС˵ΪһǮҪѽ
꼷˼۾Ǯѽ
ľֻÿ·Ǹ˿
˵ǲأڽһľ嵲ס´ˡ
˲ĵʣ𣿡
веģ㻹бѡ𣿡˵
ˣ
ϵĲо


31 Ҫ
µԶ
СҴ˴Ժָʹ˵ҷֿңҲҪǸͽҳ
ǡԲĻԺɢ
Сƿţϵ·
С£գͼ۾ΪԼˡ
ڰ֣˵ָ˵档
СʲôתԻԺ˵ȥ￴
ǡԺܹصĽŲȥ
ڽ˶һŵ·ŵôҴһ
ˡԺһͿˣͷϵ·ضװС
Ժõ·Ѷ˾
һ˼飺ô
Ȼ˵ֻ˵Ұû˵ץ㡣˵飬Ҷˡ᲻ץסͲҵĿǷΧˡ
ٿ㣬ҰļƤ
˶ݺݵ˵
㻹вˣСұҪףĹĵ˵ߣøԺǼ޸Ҳȼ޸Ҫǿ
ˣ˵˼
СǸˬˣʲô˵ʲôЩ˱һףһסϲСҵԸЦӯӯؿ
Сһ죬˶Զˣԭվšգ۾˵пվ͹档
áЦ˵
ľ˵㾹Ȼʶˡ
ʶģҲû뵽ôɡǸɻĵطǽЦ˵
˵кü˶涼ڴҪȢһؼңǿðˡͲĶľ
һУ˭Ը޸Ұӣ֪֮
ҪԷƱûǸСҾͺϲ㣿ľ˵
ûаɡװɵ
ҿˣ˼Ҷ˼˼û˼ľ˵
С磬ץǸͽˡСҸ߸˵ܽ
Ŷ淴Ӧ䵭ڰдʲô
С簡㲻Ǹ𣿡Сվǰ˵
ʲôüģϳȥˡĵ˵
Сһʧҷ˰쾢һ۰Ҫ֪ʲôӣʱ۾
ҿһۡε˵
áСָˣǸͽӰ
˿Ͱ͵ؿ
濴һۣмصӳȥҿһ۶۾
ͬɥ֮Ȯһ˳ȥ
СֱҡΣС磬Ҹղſ˭ˣ
˭ѽ浭˵
С˷ܵ˵ҿˣںԺľ
ҼҸҪ㡣С˵
ܼ˵Ҳ뿪ԺĴϵľм˵
ʱ򻹹ʲôܼҰ˼ȥ͸ϽȥľС˵ס˵˵˵Ĳ˵
֪ˡ˵
ü˳۵ظСˡ
һߣСһ˵ˣ
ˡش
Ҷ֪͸֪ˡǸľˣǽôҲ֧һСֵ˵
ԳƾˣҾɵľҾˣû뾪ǡ˵
ҴѧԺ飬ôָľˣСɻʡ
һѾҲǶǿϣؼңʡһǮ˵
˵䣬ǰԺСȽȥûֳˣȥ档
һһ߿
װ÷ǳ£һŰٱŻݵķԡԻûоҲ֪ʲôۺɫĻԶԶؿȥ˶


32 ֵֻ
ӿţõս黨ĵɫϡǷһƿƿż֦µĻ
Ӻ棬ֱ߷һʳĿתضһֻڶëдźڣβ͵ëмƺɫͺɫ
С౵ؽУöİ˽ˣԴ̶۾ĪЩϲС
СʾվסԹԵվӰ׶Զĵط濴һۣСҳȥˡ治˵Ҳû˵˲ðֻС˴
ʲôʱģʳι꣬ԶһЩʡ
ڷûĻ˶شǵ졣
⡣ʵģҲСʵġ·Ѿشһˡֵش𽯴ʱ˼ػشˡ
㶼һٻش𣿡ʡ
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׽ĹǺɻ
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·ʱСȥĿġڣ˺Сһ⣬ͻȻˡ˶ΪҲ˽׷Žġ
лץ˻ˣҪʲôͣϵЦһЩ
ҲûʲôæСҴץġҽ͵ĻӡʵɬȻҲᵱѧͽƤ˵
ЦˣȱǮ𣿡
Ȼû˲ϲǮ˵
һɰϺз
Ǹɰ¶Цݣлл
Ǯ֮𣿡
ˣҴѧԺѧˣԺרֵء̹Ȼ˵
㵣ֵأ󲿷˶ѡ鿼ȡֵܡ
Ȼû˵ϵı˵һСֵûǰ;ġ
ҲǶϣٶȥҲ˷ʱͽǮѡԼóһţʮУг״ԪֻҪһֶ£ǻջġ٩٩̸
ȴûֵԼҲ޶С
ûȷֵطһ˵
ϵͳ˵ֱ׳ûϵͳģҪſֵԼ
涨ؿһڵġ
Ц
Щ˳ȥ
鵽ɫԣС·˽Ų
С磬𣿡ССĵʡ
ûСӲ
ɰľĺɰ²ǸСҵĸ͸ģ
ǡǮڳ档ӡЩжǴС㡣ľ˵Ǹĸ͸ҵģзݡ
ĸͦ󷽵ģһ־Ǻüӡľ˵۾˵ûʲôæҪָҰ
ң˷ԣЩӦõġһӸľ
ľһЦ¶һڻܲݣûоܾĺ⣬ѽӷŵﴧãЦ˵ûп㣬Сӵĺӻںͷء
Ǯľɻˡ
ѧ˻ߺͼ򵥵ĵ̻ơ
ľԣȥһΪһľ



33 ͳʳ
ɡ
ľмɣСվſڣסڱǡ
һµСһûҳ䵽ȥ
ġľͣĶһߵգͼ۾
žӣһֻȲľͷ棬ûľĻ۾һգգضľͷ档¶ȸߣԵޱȡ·¶׳ļ⣬һСɽƤ˸һ㺹ˮ
ЪЪɡľ𺹽ӣŲӺϵĺˮ
ӦţϵĶɴ䡣ľмľͷ۵һ˵ϡ
һֹɿľͷϵĽţذѾӷŵľмϡͷϺϵľм˴ɾųȥСҡ
ľмζأһ˵ϢҵطһЩߺľͷҵһ½ŵĵط
СҹԹԵվſڡ
ܿ⣬ҼҸϲˣ裬װһʦͽ˺ˡ滹һǿһǡ
ˡЦ˵
һʲôҪҺ͸Ƕ֪ôȥСˬʵ˵
СұԹ£֪ôˣôĲ
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ľ͵仰ˣЦվ˵մˡ
մĹ⣬ҪǲңҲС
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ÿľµؿһۣͦḻģ֪СҸõģλõġ
֪ϴɾ˫֣ľϯض
û룬㿴ͲõġٿЩԵģСҾǸˣûӵͷɲҹľĵ˵
Ŷһ㱣˼֪Ʈĸˡ
Ҹ˵ûľȳһܿѹ˵ܶ˼
ʲô̵˵
ľ޿ɾҩҪⱲӶóˡ
ʦʲô⣿ڴ
ľһۣٴˡ
Ҿϲңֻ뱨ҵľ֪֮֮ñҳúñвŻˣϣôῴҪʲôûʲôġ̵˵
ľͻˣ˵öԣ˼ҽģ˼ҿɲɵӡ
Ц˵㻹ǰʲôȤ⵱лɡ
ȥˣſϣĵطһ顣
ȥˣɺܸм˵⼸鲻ã˵ҪС㿪ءС˵
ü峺Ŀ⿴û͹ȥİɣ
û˵㶼ˣôܳ㣿ɫˣСֺõ˵ֻ˵鲻ãϾͱʾ˹ġ

һںʣô˵ģ
Сҽ֭룺ңǲǳķòĿζ˵֪²ߡңǲڼƵġ
ʵû˵ô࣬ЩСԼġ
֮ǰͦŵģͷسȥ⼸죬һζûгȥÿڼﶼҪëˡСòʱȥˣˡ


34 
ǳȥС
ĵطȫȥˣҲˣûʲôġĵ˵
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⼸ôȥˣ
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˵ԣ׵Ͱôȥô˵СʱҲȥֻˡ֮ҲûȥЩϺ
𣿡濴Сҡ
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ľָ£˸ᶯĶAΣ׼͸档
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СôˣľƵ˵
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ľǮ˾Ǻãû¾ͳԳԺȺȡ±ӣҲͶǮ˼ҡ
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Сסˡ
ҼҸ˵ˣؼϢ
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׷ܵЩ棬ҾͿɾöҲáС˵
ſϣر۾
⻰۾СңǮ
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ľͦ˼ģƷˡ


35 ľ
ſϣ۵ָŪһǻһ˿ĪЦ⡣
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ȿȡѣƿѽˡ
û䣬ʣø磬ʲôʱģ
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Ѷҡûд꣬Ķֱˡ
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ЦһֻۣǸ룬㻹ˣ
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˲֪ȴĵԡϲ棬˽˲ڷˣȻ䲻Ͻ档
ΪǸͷһ֣û뵽֣¶ɵı飺Щ˺˵˵ҸǺѣ֪ٺĵطҾ·ѡȥ£ʲôӶǺҾȥիˡ
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£óһֽ˵Ҳ˶
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ľĵ޶ŮġһԺȷ浹ǲһĲû˸աҪҲߣи˸ֽС
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36 Ƿ
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꿴Ųŵģġ
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37 
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ˡСҰµõϢ߽档
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38 Сϲ
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39 Сֹ
̫мƣµӰԽԽС̫ɹʰǰԺˡ
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40 ɶг
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ˣϲӣֵȫֻҪ˵˲ѧãаŮĹץסһٳ顣
ӡӰˣĸҿһۣϲʳլУһ궼š
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ӻȢңȢľͷŰɡЦ
ߵһ룬ͺ͸ˡڴׯˣľźڻص˶ۣûô˵
ľţԺվһˡһԺǽϵɨѣȵ˭


43 
Ӱ£ȿ񱼡
׷׷ľһѡ
׷ں棬źӰӴ򿪵ĺȥ
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ǰЩżˣԥȥ
ĽǶ˲Ǵǽˤȥġ
һľ룺ôƴ
ǽԼԼһСӰܡ
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СӾǿۣƴŲСǰܣ궼еˡͷʲôףС͵Ҫܵ㹻졣
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СһƬëɵذˡ
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ûƭ㣬ǵһ͵ûԷˣÿˡûˣҲŽȥˡҲ͵ǮֻҵԵġģҡСӿˣץ֡£һ
ңҪʦǸˣıƲѣ޵ôķϣԭ㡣갲ο
СҲƲסԼһһĨᡣ
Ҳܣ͵ǺΪӦúúýһ
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44 
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˵˵ǵһν͵ǺôģУô֪ʦгʳ
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㿴˭ִӺȥˣǸ˭ʵ
Ҳ֪ˡȵͷֿʼˡ
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һۣε˵ץˣֲʡԺٳȥɻ͵øɸɾ͸ˣ
ľ˵ˣͬĶӡ̫ˣհԺҲܶˡ͵ȥûǮˡ
㲻˵Ҳܲµóˣ㲻ʶˣĸܵܡضȣȻϵĻҡ
̫ˣʲôдˡ
̾һܵܰɣ
Ⱦ·ʶάǣҵܵܡûǸ˵̫ˡ
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óĶˣÿӵֶڲ֮ǰ˵ģûӡ
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ҳԹõ档
ԲĹĵģ˵
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·춼ûиҷ˸󶴵·ȥñôңһöûУҪ޳ȥǧǸǣԺͲˣһǮ֪͡һӦð
˵ޣϽҼˣ㵱˭ԸԶСߵģĭӶԲֻܺȵˮӣ͹ˡǻ˼˵磬Ҫô𣬴׵ʱһ붼ûߣô𣿡
žȰ̧־һƣݺݵ˵ǮҶ죡ţҰɽһӶԿۡ
ھȥ統ҪϵŵͰôС
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֪ҪʲôΪϵıǳɣġ


45 ˭С͵
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ãҲ˼ҿӦ
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ˮ£ʶؿڿϵ⡣
ĸҲ⡣
㵽ֵһȻ˵˵˭С͵

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ЦˣҶˣ㻹װ
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ľָ£ľԽԽˡԽ֮ǰζû뵽ôһ졣
֪磬÷ȱһݴǰ


46 ֻ
ССģѵرһÿðˡԶԶأֻܿһڻƶ
˵ôôݣ
û취̫ܳˡȵļʹǿݷŵϣľ׮ֱ
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ȿһۣԹ
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ˣϻҪһ£һǾûˡ
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ζϧûϷҲûǮִɱ̫ˡֵԼǲ̫ܵġЩũģҪôǼпҪô˼ȶĹûУֻһ߿ƵһĽ
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в񣬺ԺôˣԶԲ꣬Ϊʲôǵɽܣֱʡ


47 Сͨ
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û취˭ءҪܰɣʡǮȳǮҪüǮҲֵˡ


48 
תһȦԥҪҪȥꡣ
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ڹۣÿĶȤ

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ػҵؿһۣá
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Ϊػһ˵⣬ػҵ֪ʲô
ǷôõĻᣬ㾹ȻѼӷˡ˴ػҵݺػһš
ɵһΣɲ˵ڶΡٸһλᣬһõػ߬ȭͷһ˵
㲻еڶλˣûֽ濴ˣ˵ȥҲˡװ˷Ҹ㰲ŵĻᡣػҵЦһػǲм
ֻҪףлᡣػĵ˵
Ҫ㣬۹ڱϣ˵ϣػҵл
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ͷġ
¶Цݣôˣúѧ
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Сҵ˲Ҫǵ¡Ȼ˴ԴҲûԶٿͷĽ£һ϶û˯ʲô㡣棬ͼȥˡΪڣӲѹסˡ
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˻ңҾЩţûʲôࡣ˵
Сһʣ˰ϴľͰˡЩؼҵˣػߣϵر͡
ԶػҵṴ¶һȻЦ
ߵػҵߣȤ˵ƺˡ
ǳãһжˡ
ػҵؿ滹ðɣ
ҿһӣ˵ɻȦ׺赭д˵
ôϲ棬Ӧòɣػҵһ¡
˭֪֪֪治֪ġȻĴ磬Ͼ˽ӾǿСϲĶûеòġϲ棬ԸһǻţǼ˵
ػҵͷͻģһѺǸģҲؿ
Ȧжػҵ˵ЩҾͷˡϾҵܵܣҲʲôί
ҵܵܲ٣Ҳ㲻ġػҵ۽ǣɤ˵ΪˣҲá
¶ͻЦݣ͵͵˵á
ػҵǽ꣬Ƕ֪ػѾúˣ©ˣǲ飬Ҳ鲻ʲô
еһ
ػҵοȢ˸ʶĺš


55 α
ػɽ߹ɬʣɩ滹𣿡
϶İҼҵܴôСų󣬴û˸ίһΣǵˡҪҪ뿪ҿȰ˵ŴӦͻ뿪˵
ɩңʲôûҪҡػɽ̽ؿ꣬׼ʲô̬ȡ
Ȼ޽ؼңҾǰؼˡǻҵĵܵܣǾҵܵܡûãСҴӦ棬ͻһ˵ʱɱվһߡԤ룬һкͰػɽ崺硣
ػɽ̹ˡ
޼漦޹湷
½罯˺Ҳҵġ
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ȻˣҪǼ㣬ܹҸʱҸͳˣҾܽչˡ괽ǺЦĶϡ
ɩӡػɽܸж
ڽػɽЦ˵ȥɣúдˡ
ǡػɽ̬ȹࡣ
ĵؿıӰ
ػɽâڱĸоһ߸˵һŤͷĿˣ˽档
˵ģͷǰɾͳˡͷɵվڽǰӷǳܼ˵ı
ػɽӵ뻳ú۰
𼱣ҵġ
ѹŸ飬Լ˵
ͷûɣôͳˣǺЦۡ
ŪɾҪ죬¸ϲϸ羫ıŵĴϷˡ˵
ϾͿʼˣҵšĵЦţᲦŪŽͷ
棬һֱû֣һΪء
ǰ棬ǻʲô˼ҪˣҲߡ
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ˡСɫ԰׵ܹϸ׵ָؾӡ
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ţȻģͲҪšô˿ţ㲻Ҫ˿Цػҵסļҵ۾
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ԣûڵľǺڵģ׵ľǰ׵ġػ˵
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ػ˾Ǻ֥ڵģôװСã
ģ޲ȥҲԲһ
СģҼҶ˵ˣͲʶ㡣ںԣ費ԶˡҶǸСߡ
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Сϣ͵شµظظҪɱڣûˣ
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˷ӦȥС죬Сҧ֡⼤˵ԣݺСһš
С籧ŶʹӴҵĶӺ۰
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С羪ֵؿ˽һۣ֮ɫ
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ؼƴҲסȥˡ̧Ⱦߡ
桪׷˼ͣ½ŲЦ汻˳軵ˣȥ
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ǮĹ˺ܸˣž˵Ժĺ£һҪٽǰ
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ߵһ룬ȥ
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źվںԺſ̽ͷ̽ԡ
ˣߵߵӭȥȥĶˣ
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ľǶɻһл˳𣿡
меСۣ˳˵
ľƲ죺Сۣڼﶼ˵ˣؼҳһҴ¡
Ծ˵ô죿
ؼʲô˼ңһ紵ݶ˶šӵ¶ˡľ˵
û뵽ϢôͨЦ˵
ľ죬С˵˵ġ
˵ţżĸ߽ľںȾƳ⣬ֵ˵ϲԷˣ
ˡľ˵
ԣ˭ϡżҵˮˣ
ͳˣԵö¡Ҫǿ꣬йǮķϣ˦ˡ
ʡ˷Ǯżĸݵˡ
ľչ¶˺һ棬С˵֮ңǮɻҹڵأɵۡ
Ц˺ð죺Сڷ¶
ȻˣǻǼӿ̰ɡ꣬ؼҡľ˵
󣬼Ҿˡ
żĸŲ˵ʲô´ȥСң˳Ǯˡ
ҪһӲȥСңǮһˡ
˵ûҪǮ⹤ǮʦӦõġҪǲе˵ȥ
żĸǿЦأ


56 
û˵Ǯǻ˵öôǻݹϵءôߵ˵
źԱ˵ȻǮΪʲôɴذǮ˼ңղ˵Ƿ˭ﲻ롣һȥ磬ҪһӲȥȥ˵ǴǮˣǮǲһӾͲˣ
仰˵ôȥˣ޿̵źĵţ˵㰢ô˵˵ȥǲҡãҲ˵ˣô첲գҲ㰢ôɾǸƨ
žͷ˵ôԺˣǮ͸˼ңȥ
ôҴûǮ
Ǯ㵽ͷˣ˼ҲҪܹҪôҾҪȢˣǰˣԺҪٷ¡ֻҪȢӣòҵáž˵
ôЩӣ˵֪ˡ
صϤļһ飬ûжʧ
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ľź˵͵һӣҶҪϰˡ
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Сվ£ÿﶼŵʱʱӵص¼Сʯͷӣڵȥ
ʯͷӴϣһ졣ϵĲֹͣˣûֻĴų죬һСڵïܵҶɳ˸øߣ֦ҶŨܵϡ
ˡСһ䣬ϵıܲȻϾţƶȥˣԳưٷУȴֻˣƤۣһʱЩҲס
ٷͻᴵţơһбһۡ
㻹˼˵ңղҲûд򣡡ըë
ˣһ˵ӽƣŲӡŽйӣȫҶйӡ
ٺЦ㰢ôӹӵؽУ㲻ʲô
Ʒһ˹ȥҲУұ죡
Ͳ죬ӣⱻѹ棬˺һ
ˡ߹һһˣӲǰ˷ֿˡ
ƵĲץˣشŴ׺ݵصŽߵ⡣
Ҳڴ˵Сһ㣬ĨȥǵѪ޵һ³һڴѪĭƵؿơ
ɿƣ˵¸˵ȥĵط档
ָͷ⣬˵ʲô˵
Ǳ߻һֻȥǱߴ򡣡һѣӿһ
ⷢ־ʣˣ۾һתҪ֡
꾾ĺ죬ְ˻
һ
귢ͲƵģ˵Ķ͵ģͽϴֲˡ
㻹֪ϴءЦ˵
ɥü۵˵ֻ֪֪𣿡
Ҳ㡣ӻͳһ齪ǣ
Ǹҵģ־ϲ
Իҡ˵
æؿꡣ
һ䣺ְ𣿡
˯ҰôץסˣôֲԷˡϰΪ˵
̾˿ͬȵ룬ͳ˼齪ǣ˵ǣһ룬û
ðתתϲ̵ذǽӹǳһ㶼ͬ硣ǣҲָԡ
жٿǡ´μ磬һûгԵǡҪûгԵЩǣ֪ġ
Ļ׳棬Сգͼ۾֪ðʲôˮ
һƱ𴩵Σû뵽껹һ֡
ļ˵ȥɣڵ㡣
úˣһ˾ȰһΣ֮Ĵ͸ˡԬɻΪȻûмˣ첲ˣԽȲá
˵һΡֻЩĵظ͵ǹȥҪǻ飬һܳܵܳԶٱ
ֵؿһۣ§Žǿˡ
ǰߣ˴һ˼ҵԺӡ
Ȳǹ͵ɻģôһֵۣ˵ô˭ιʳ
ȿ˵ôҶˡ
ŰɣɻУ֪ԡô˸İܼ⣬ȫʡʳⲡǸɻˣٷͺˡ
ͷһ˵ʲôôѾˤųȥˡ
һţôС̫ãͷͷ
Щί̵
ţˣţС˵̳ˣҲҩԡèˣȵˮܲܿȥһأͿӲ
ι˼ˮ
ɻȥֿ޲׵øһ촽ȴ޵ģճġ
磬ǵôࣿ
ĨĨ۾һѹ
ʱƿŽؿ˿˵ζҲ̫ˣҲʰһ¡
ûкɫ˵ʲô
ͬûкɫͳһѽǡ
۾һ˵˭ģ
ɣҺһ롣ԼӦһ룬һӵǰ
£˵ˡ
ˣҲ˵ˡ⼱ųȥ棬һĽǿˡ
Цˣ㵹ͦõġ
ɬ˵У
һǷŵ۵ζһֱ
˰ӭ
֪⣬峤ԹؿҪǵûǮ
ʵжʾУǮԹǰϡ
Թ¶Ц⣺ҰҪŶ֪ͨ㡣
Ǿллˡ˵
չأ˴峤ͭ壬峤ϵЦݸˡ
ϾŶˡ
ԶˣԹͭЦ˵û뵽СӻǮˡ
Թ߳˵ǶС˼ˣȾ;СӲǳ
û˿֮ǰǶšԹһ仰סŵ졣
ǲǸǵԺٿ죬ھͰ䵽ȥǴɲء
һһزûлѶʱ䡣
ľǽ´֪ˡ
ˡ꾻ֽ˳
һ룬š
ûᣬͼñƿ
ȼյĲһվſڡ
ҵܵˣҼ˲ڼҾǵ˵һԶӡ
겻ܼȣԺŴ
ÿ˾ȣûڴӣŷǳ
ȻģҲ
ڵϣջŹֱʿˮһţԼҪˡ
˿⣬Ҫһÿˮ̹Ĳˣŵκ͵ζϾܳˣһһ͡
֪ʲô֧ȣӱߣſӵֶڲ
ľĬĬͷ
̻ʣһ߳Բһ߳ͷһһӵˣͻȻ˽ɽɽҧʳɢһ׹⡣
ȲţԲ˶٣ƣط˿ӡ
ʢһ̵غȡ
ռˣʡ
һ룬ֿʼա˵
ԹҲ˵ˣҲղһˡ
ȵ˯ȼڳĵ˯⴩ڵϣյůģԼš
ľ˵˵ȥ˴峤ңһ
ľ˵С£ͺá
ûã˳ȣҪҪˮ
صͷ
Сĵιȼˮ
Żȥôִ˵ûôˡ
ܲܿ
ҪǼȥǮȥĳŴ򡣳Ŵ򲻻ɢ˿ƶǣεСëǺġ
ģ۾ؿꡣ
Ҫˣ
š˵
ӵһڿһ㣬ٶˡ
ϣ峤ԹˡһˣҪġ
ղһ˴뿪ĵط֮ǰԼҵｻݴÿһЩʳǮС
תһ룬̫ʵˣϾҪȥĵطǳԶݰƼûǮ
ʵݾǴҪռǼҵıˡ˶Ҫˣ˰ｻǴܽ˭أ
£ˡ
ղ˶飬ܲһ˿
Ц˿飬ǵöǮ
ղæ˵ֻҪȫǮԱһЩ
˵ʵĶûǮ
˺ʧĬŴȥ
ڲܸ㣬ׯ٣ͬ𣿡Сĵؿ겻Ըˡ
˵ͬ⡣
ֵģܡæˡ
ղ˺ܿһԶлһʱ䣬ٿһ¡
ЦҲȫ¡ǣͷûǮЩǮľóԼĻָľɻһġ
ͷһصػص
**ͣһ
֣ҵľˮƽ࣬û
СұֵĴΧм䡣
ѽסľǶ
ȺߴߴȻ˷ꡣ
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ָ˵
¶һŰ
ؿǡ
СյܹԹȥĶˣҸȰ죬ȥ˵ֵּܷˣҲ֪סĶ
˵ЩĮعԺţǽȥһĴ㶼ûС
Сҳ˸Ÿܲˬ
ϰĮ
ûָ꣬ˣҲһᡣ꣬Ҳѡ
꣺˷ӣƽʱסʦǶΪ·ӻûʰá
ǰ·ںš
ط󣬽
С˷ܵ˵·Ӻãǰסĵطǿˡ
긽͵ǰûԼķ䣬ҲܾҾ߰ĶԼзˣôöԡ
뽯һ˽ȥ
֮һûлعǵһ£ȥյ㿪ˮݲ衣˵
갡ľ
ܳȥľһֻŲһֻżƵıӡֵúܼʱǰš
ľЦ˵ҡ
ľˣҲˮˡ
濴˿ΧĻЦ˵羰
ҲϲڻʲôûУˡÿ˵˲ˮ
һˮȥ棬ľһˡ
С˸Ҳˡ
ػû鷳ɣʡ
ûУһؼ֮Ͳˡֻ˵ݻ޷ǾһЩꤻ˵޹ģйҴҲȥסˣػҵտʼȥ룬⼸ûȥˣ˵С⡣ɫƽ˵
꼫ϻۣؼҵģȥ֮͸˵ˡɶԳôļҵȻҲƽӹ֮
޽ؼ֮󣬽ҺؼҵĹϵ֮ǰܡΪöؼҵõӣ˲ؼңܶҲؼһ֮󣬽ҵж˸ؼҵؼһʱæҡ
ɻؼжֽţ½Ͷ˴õĻرȴ쳣١нҵŵ˲ؼҵˣؼһزʳҡ
ҿֵ磬ҳһЩһлüҺؼǷٲϵˡڳ飬Ҫڹ˵ΪѵӦǽꡣûһÿ찴ʱԷʱ˯˿顣
˵ļ£겻ôúϸ
гãȥżҸɻ֮ǰ
ֿһţгƳ
ؿȫľͷģ
ӣҲȥǰ棬ȥԡ
ˤӡѣϵı鿴ϲ
һţ㲻ˤӵġ˵
濴һۣ°档
ŵ𣿽ŷȥһǰȣһȡһָ㡣
ˡ
һгˣǻᷢ顣
·гεˣ֪˲ˤогҪһˣ㻹ǻٶɿ֣һе
⣬Ƚŵӵʱ˫ŲϡŲˣҽûвȣڸоŤҳ
Ҳ⡣
гˣǰǻġųѵǺˮϵıȴ˷ܵġ
̫ˡ
һȣӾˡ
Щţ˵ɣ㲻ˤȥһųӲ֡
İ£гһȦ˷ܵСͨ죬ȫò
ͲˡһȦ󣬽˵ض˵
ҡҡͷ˵гֻƽ̹ĵطʻʺ߳;ĳľƵģĥ𡣻Ҳǣһ˾ͳ˷Ʒ
ԼһȦȫ˷״̬£Ҳãгߣ˵ͣͣ
濴ǳݡ


57 ɽɽ
гСҲ˷ܡ
ûмҲǵһμôɵĶ
ҿһ𣿡С˰죬̲ס˵
Ȼԣܽʵģ˵û⡣Ц˵
֮ǰһַסгĳͷ
С°ڣһȿȥ
Ա߿š
˿ֿ꣬˿Сңˮ΢΢˸˼¡
СҸոгȵҪ˵ʲô
߹ѧӷųѣ˵ɡ
ΪԼˣΪ̫Сˣ˵ʱûпǿŽŵµĵ˵ġ
룬ɿ˵гһᣬͳ෴ĵطʹ
֪ˡȾϺϼ¶ܲڡ֪ԼСˣɾǿƲסıŤСС̣Ӧġ
СһкȥȽŵӡ
̫ͻȻˣ滹ûȫӦؿгһߵȥ
СһΪм
ŷӦŵȥ
һֱ󣬼״ù֡
Сŵòᣬݵһߡ
гһͣˡ
Ǻ˼˵ԲҸղˡ
гá
ʱСҲӦˣһӵ˵ҵ̫Сˡ
Ƕǳѧġѧˣ˷Ҳˡ˵
ط̫СгᵽԺ
СҰѳйг˽˫֡
տʼе£ܿ㶮ˡȵģСұôŵźü²
쿴
Сҵ˵
Ľ˵ʲôʱܸһ
ѧͺˡ˵
˵ţһ洫ɡ
Ťվ棬֪˶೤ʱ䣬˵ĸӡ
濴һۣʣ˭
һھӣˣ˲ܣʱҺʦš򵥵ؽһ¡
ЦЦЦⲻ۵ף㻹Ǹˡ
£֪ǲˣܾýе㲻ˡ˽һֽۣϴ΢Цֲǲ˵ӡ
Կۡ
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ҵʱȵջûȫˣſڵϡŹ˶ãȾȻ·ˣ¼ҡ
Ȳ֪˵ʲôֻۿվš
ߺֻʣһˣľԺţһƵغŲ裬һߵ
м䣬˯һ
֪˶ãƿԺŵˡ
ܽʣأ
ľͷҲ̧˵ȥˣڻûл
˵٣Ҳ̫ˣģǸǮˣָҪɡղȥɵĸĸңͷ˵ͰѴԺˣһɫû˼ҡ
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ʱֹһˣ˵ˣɻˣȥ¼ˡ
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Ƶز˵
ľΪûҲûмƽ̫ࡣպÿˮѿˮװôֲȥˡ
һǻװһֻҰè಻ͣץӡԼ㲻ʲô־ʹվһһߵ
ңûˡ£صȥ
žͲҪˡܼܲȣո̧ţǰһֻ֣ס˵ء

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ˣСĵرȽ
ľˮ
룬Сڵغˮ
дɣ濴˵
еġ̬ȹˡ
ҳǮȥ˵
ѲˣҲ뿪һסô£ȻľڣҲ
ôǮȥŴˡ
ӸµؿȣƵʣסĶ
ȶ˶촽һֶû˵
ľ˵ȣ滹磬ȫǸͰôɾԣҪһɾ֮һɾӣĸȻƫģǿ˼
ϴ޸һȳӣΪ˸Ǯ࣬϶Ҳˣ޵һǸ񣬺ƾʹˡ϶ܲˣȥӲˡ
һֱ˵ڰǵ·ĸо
Ż谮ų󣬴ͷ˿źһµĽȣ̫ˡָ࣬İֲص
ˣͷҲܡҼңӶڼԵġǼƣ޲ɾˣöûԷˡľ˵رϸ
εýֺٵأ޲Ҹطȥ룬Ƥȷʵ񡣲ûˣƤʲôֻҪܻͺá
СµĳãҪǱˣ治һԸ¡
Ҳĳãôܼܲȡľ˼ˡ
򣬸ϽκˡȻһסң㵹νˣͷһҲû˵ǣ˼ֵഺ٣ЩٱЩĿɵСҾ˵ʵ
ľƲ˽һۣ˵ҿǲˡ
ѳŴˡ
Ŵ򷭷ȵƤȥͷ
ˣŴʡ
ǵڶ죬һһҹҲա˵
󰡡Ŵ̾һ˵Ҫؼץҩ
ȥ
ŴüԵģû˰ɣ
ûˣûǸŴĪӣ껹Ҫʣ˵ˡ
˲ҩҪߡ
Ŵ˵û²ҪܣʵڴţгкȶС
겻ԣŲҩصԺӡ
ľҩȥ
̧ͷ˿ɫ˵̫ɽˡ
̫ɽˣҲˡ
ûдгվ˵컹㲻᲻ɣ
춼㡣º͡
СҴߴٵˡٲߣǾҪˡ
濴һۣ
ꡣ
ҲûжԽԽԶ
ֱˣŷ³
ˣôȥĸҪˡСҿյ˵
ɵԴʲôİг治Ҳ˵
ˣϴλ˸Сߣɱ߼˵ˡ˵ǶҪ͵ģ;ˡĳô֪Ҿڴţע⡣СҵͰȰȵģ춼ͣ
̸һ껣֪ЦЦģ𪾫µޱɬۡ
ʣµĲҩúáľѲҩȡ
ȵѾˣһ
ˡ͵͵ꡣ
ľ˵еѽ
ϵ˵㡣
û˵ʲôǳϲ
Ұ͵ſھͻľһ䣬ˡ
ҵǸǽĸ˵
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Ҳϲлܲ˵
˵ѽ
˱˵ߡ
ſʱȻе᲻÷ֿ·̫ˡ
ҵˡˬˡ
Ȼվſڿ
Ԭɻˮȴվţûܹ;סȵĶ䣬šȦ˵ӣץסˡһ죬㶼ȥĶˣôɣһȫѹˣң
Ƚۣôˣǹ͵ġ
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ҩŴ򿪵ġҳһоöˡ
˵꣬ҩͱԬɻˡ
ҩѽȻǮҩԬɻ˵
ģɼҲأǮġæ˵
ƾʲôǲǿˣԬɻһ⣬˶ˣЩɬ˵ûǿҿ
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ǡȵˢذˡ
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ȥܵСϪϴ˸裬Ŵһؼ˯
ľ˯ˣ̫࣬˯ò̫ȣʱʱĴӵ
˸㣬ְɴϣ뿪
·ӹ󣬾̫ˣ컹ҪҾߣһһذ
Ҫʻӣʽ档ȥһνңԺ˲ٻ
ǰ˿굽ҹ˯š
ϣոˡľñҪ磬ѾԺ¹ˡ
ʦȥɽϲĢˡ˵
С꣬ɽĢ紺һˡһľԼµԡ˵꣬ɽˡ
·ϣ˲ٴ񣬸һȥɽϲĢġڣǲժĢͳĢļڡؼ֮ãһ˰ͷҧ
缸죬ľڵųĢˡϧʱ²ˣĢҲ
·ϣȵ硣
߹˵ܴ𣿡
֮áŲ˼˵˵ʵʶĢ಻ֻ࣬ʶһ֣²ɵжĢ
Ҳɣÿ궼ɽĢСɹġʲôĢжҿһ۾֪ˡŵ˵
飬ҪΪ˱Ҫܻ꣬ܲ֪
лл㡣˶Ը⿿ǳм
лʲôӦллŶԡллҵܣ˴ҩЦ۾
㱳ôĿժ𣿡˵
ϵ˵Ц˵װϲ¹꣬Ӧó˲Ģ
˵˵ЦЦӡ
糿¶أ꣬Ұ϶ˮɽ·Ҳߡû߶Զϵ·ʪˣʪյճϡ
ÿһߵúܼѣݽȥһŵࡣǰ棬ʱʱһѡ
ָһط˵ǶĢ
һַۺĢòûж
һۣ˵ûжԳԡ
ŸҲժ
ٴɫĢ˵ֲܳԣ˻ᶾ˵ġ
궼ˣһɫΪʲôղûж־ж
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ȥˣСˣһˡˣһӦľС˵
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С˵ôŪǱѽ
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΢ЦؿûΪϵ·Ͱ͵ģͶ
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ԣ⳴Ģ˵
²ժĢҪϽժɾ̯˷ڵɹߴǽϷɡҪǲץĢӣǾͲܳˡ
ժĢľˣһժһ졣
˵Ģôѽ
ɲǣǴ忿ɽɽɽʲôСҰӣúءǲױ棬ժ˾ҪԣȻͻˡɽͷľ˻ϻӡʱҲɽϵĳͣû¾ȥɽһȦóԵľұʹˣɽˤˡ
ݲϴһ£˳㻻·ų
棺ǲòʱ򣿡
ҵ⣬㶼˵ˣһɽܡ˵
溰ˣԼһɽ
˵ˣҽ춼ȥˡ
米뿪
һС硣СС˵
û˵
г̧̽г
ųӣ죬浨Ӵ˵㣬ҲҵŽ̤ˡһȦɹˣеδ
Сҿȥѽ
ľʲôԡˣһȶûС
ľ˵ȥתתܲһֻԡ
ܶ˼Ҷˣ󲿷ֶĸ¼ԵġǮ˼Ҳ
򲻵⣬һܳԡ˵
ľӦˡ
˵ᣬʲôûУǺȲ裬ûйҲûˮ߲˾ǼѶûУ˵һˮˡ
Ģʱ꿴һЩСͷСЩô



58 պŹ
ԳԷˡĨϵĺˮ˵
ּڴڳֱ
ľ߸˵ʳ
꣺ҳȥһ
ȥɡľ˵
ˣ뿪ıӰʣҪԷˣҪȥĶ
̫ˣȥϴٻľ˵
ȷʵȥϴˡ
иСУɽϵˮγɵģΧïʢɭڵǸȻϴá
ڰϳ·ֱˮϴ
ˮǱģȫë׶ˡˮȵģһˮ¶ȣҲһۡ
껹ųԷֻȦϰˡļˮ죬ϵˮܿ͸ˣ·ߡ
ԶԶؿһſڲݵϣ͸ʵķ϶濴
ڿʲô
ܺ棬˳˵߿ȥֻȺſڵСҡС쳤Ȼڵʲôˡ
һִֻŵȻһ
ڿʲôº͵ؿ
΢죬͵֮ǰӦңҿǸĶ
гģ˵
šȵͷ
ɡһƿţһԷ𣿡
ԣԹˡ۾
ûвĻԣ˵Թ˾ٳһ㡣
ôˣССֹ
ڨڨصͷ˼ؾס½ǡ
ľȥһ
һľȣһСңꡣ
˶ˡСұԹ
Ц£Ҷ¡
Ϊһȳԣû뵽Ƕûжӡ
СңصСһۡ
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62 ݺ
ÿʲôڱ湦Ҫ
ܼö̫عӺܿĳʹʮ˰գһӵķˡΪд̫عӣصĺþƶóˡ
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Բˣʲô·ܺԼܼǼɶһǮÿ϶УܵԺҪǷӣҪһʲһҪǮˮ˵
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ñȥԼôȥӾǸǮģʲôħ
ˮԾؿҽѵҺӣʲô֣ӦøǮңТ!
ֻɫ԰ף촽ȴù֡ɼˮһжֱӰѪˡ
ײȣͱֺӲТ˳㲻ǵˣֻǵǮĹߣǴȸ𣿡˵
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67 羰ǿ
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ˮǳɫð춼˵
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治Ҫˣβɲ˵öŤͷ鷳
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ССҷ˸ۡ
⻰ƭƭ˾ˣƭܡ
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ʵʲôǮܶǿľһӵľϱȢϡҪǮܲȢϱ𣿡



69 Ǯ
˵㣬ģβɲȤؿꡣ
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ѾˣüŪ۵Ϊû˽̫͸ˣɫԶܵñȿ졣ڵʲô뷨û˹ġ
ʦڼţôã˼ҲܴԶ㡣ƭƭ˾ˣҲƭβɲ˵ţóһҵ
Ǹ켦ϻȵĴС
Ҹƭ㣬Ҹɻģʦָ·Ҳɻʱ鲻ʱ±˴б۾ģ˶ˡѼҪβɲ
ģųԡһѣӹһȥֶ˿ˣԷҿɾ͵ˣҲϴ塣βɲһŤ㿪ˣЦ˭㳤ˮģиҸһ㶼֡Ҹ˲һ۹ⶾء˶һӾˣҲ룬һֱһгϢġ
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޷֪ԼҲû˵ʲôֻϵıһ˵ĻѾ˵ˣԼ뷨һϲβɲģǶһ٣
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죬˵ʲôסˡ
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һЩ죬ҿӷǵģԹһ֡ͽԵʱһƬհףʲôζҲûг
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70 Ӧ
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̫һһûɽ档֪˭ɽ裬ұ׳񣬲֪ѾüˣɿʼĲӦӦڵԽԽһıˡ



71 
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ţھء˵
ʱûҪؾҪţһͷţļ۸ɲˣܶ˼Ҷë¿ˣΪë¿ȱˡ



72 ӳҲ
ôˣһҲϣƵһȰץŽ֡
Ա˵ǲˣ˭Ҳϣ
濴һۣ˽˻ĸͻСΪʲôҼˣ㡣֮ҾͲܾˡ
˱ЦˣֺǺǵ˵ߣ˭дߣҪ
ҺһЦˡ
ϵðҪ᲻ĸӦü޵Ǽϼס
˵ǽĶ衣ֻһý޽Ķϱ
ǿϽˣȴǡȫǷİ֪Ժ֣һ¶ɡҲƣҲлһ졣ǶϵĲֹˣнԴķױ
˸ͷļȫӦˣߴߴԼĶǰϼٺòˡ˽ң˭۸棿ҿҼҵĽԪͦã߶ô
ҼҵĽãζ߶ء
ʲôΣӴҼҵĽʵһЩ˵Ҫƽʱ᲻õĶóˣױƵظ档
溬Ц˻ܾ
ĸϲӬƵ˵ȥȥȥǶǾҷ˵濴ˣԼҲϡǻ˼ᣬյûšʱͿͿĨĨ˼ڹܽԼϣ
һ˵üӵԶԶġ
аЦĸ·ҡΣĸҡ
ĸĸαһؽУĸ㣬˭㣿
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74 ճ
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75 
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ź̲ס˵ǰ;ǸܸɵģҸһ˼ҸɻһС¼ĳ࣬ΪָǸҪңܲˣһԹԶûСʱ룬ǸסˡԺʲôһܸɳһҵ
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źýζʱʱһ仰۾˵ģ˵ʱСԵܣ˫ֱðġ
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Сһؿڣ㲻ûɣ
濴ЦĵС棬װɵʲô
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ĹӲԼҴţȴּªĵطȻԳģСһֶš
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洹۾֪ʲô
＾ߵβˣԺĻŸոտš˼죬Ͱˣһص졣



76 ܾ
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Ƚ˵Сȵ氡𣿡
С濴۽棬ЦЦ˵û˵˵ֵֻܵطȥɡ
С֪ڰʾʲôСһҼҸװ׵ģ˭Һ˵һ֣Ҳ˺졣
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㻰лΪûСû˵
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ҪΪ˸ŲֱСˣһܸɷм䶼ġСڴլԺ죬С滹ǻƿЦ
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Ҫǰô϶شǡ˭ҪʶǸùߵģͲûмˡڲһˣˣţ˵أǰЩģԸˡ
СҲ⣬Ըڵ꽻áţҿԽţˡţʹ˭ԸءźģҲԸСܼ޸ֿˡҪ֪ǰɿꡣ
ǰôûм㣿¼ҹ˵ס֪ĻΪ˶ˡСҵһĶǵӡ
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СЩĲɡ
ľһۣ̲ס˵ƨɵ³ˣ
СһУô



77 
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ԺһϤӰСæ¶վ
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С˳ܵǰŷ˼ֵġ
СҺһҵس֣ջ
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Ҷæֻнţιֻιȥйȥˡ
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ԷɣҵӴҪżԡβɲգ۾˵档
ܹԺĴѲӵӰһһ仨۾
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ʲôõģҹһϸƤģһǱ˱úܺãô׶֪ﶮʲôȤҾͲһˣʲôʶˣôһղܡβɲţƤһ꣬ȸ黨㣬ز꾢ݵ
֮󣬺βɲ̾СĺãݹҲ
һأҲûаѹ壬վһǹһֱȫӲò񻰣һľͷˡûʲô飬ֻÿѪˡӣһμôˣ˵ϱգ֫ýģţƤֽûý˺˺



78 ֲĽ
ǵͨ죬˫ʾסǽڣ޴һͽ
βɲЦƵشս꣬°ᴵһ˵㿴ѽ㿴Ҿͻ֣ᷢұǸװ۵ĹӸʺ㡣𣿻һڴźʲôƶԣԶΪΪ
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˻ɥʧǣԶȻֻ˺һ㿪

ȰĴֻӿˣײСңɽصѹ˽档



79 
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һĵȫ꣬⿿һ˿ɲУֱæˡ
ԴһιֱĿı˺ܶ࣬ҲԸʵж׽ˣҲһǸϻţáԴ˷ţ֮󣬴ܶ˶Ը׽ˡһģ˭Ҳ֪˭õĹϵûл
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80 ̽
ֻȥһΣǴӺŽȥġվŴҲûʶˡŷʶҲʲôʶֻмɣ꣬棬Сҡ
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Ź˵һֱ㣬֮㶼ȥĶˣҵúÿࡣغա
ǰһ̵ĺһ̹ӡ
СҶûԣһ棬һ棬ȫˡ
һˮӨӨȲʣأʲôˣ
СҵҲܺ죬µ˵ǽӡ
ߴôˣ
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һ˼ؿҪܿ𣿺浽дʲôΪʲô
СҴյߣС˵죬һʲôġ
涮˼ɲʲô˼
СֻøͣԽ˵Խȡ
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˹ߴߴʱͻȻ֨ѽһһ˶飬ݵһ·ֿˡ
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ӣԼԼؿһˡ
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ˣ˵ܾˣʮֹ塣
û˵꣬Ѿվˡ



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һֱ˵ȻȻΪǲ뿴ԼϾΪ̫ðˣĸĸ֣ȥ˶ǽ档Ϊɾᱻ˵ܵ˺󡣿ˣðűֵΣա
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ŽߣûиоעӡԵܵܵıֺܲڽ̫ϲˣֱӱڽһһ档֮ǰΪ궥еøжѣ鳬Ŀƣݽȥˡ
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ͻȻŭһѰסӵĺԴݺݵǽײȥ˵ͷŸɾ㣬ǲǣ
ŵñۣûһ˿Ѫɫ



84 ûԹô֪û
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һˣϻʱ춼ˡѳһΡĴɽһľСϣøͷһСһСΡǿ֢ľͷģͺġ
ܣߵʱ˵Һúտ㡣ɽˣ֮ǰ϶ˡ
С·ϣġ޷İôſն۾һеһԱ˸Ȱظһ仰ˣ϶ǳˡ
Χ˵ע⣬ܳ֡
޷ﰢô޷ھ֮һ
ۿϾˣҸڴʳͲһ춼ȥ˼Ҷɾֻ޷ܸɻ޷ڿС۷䣬ÿɽɽæҼûа峵ҲǺܴ󣬱һ˲ɽҪѺܴҲûŪ١
죬޷ԹɽˣԷûл޷İô޷иھӣͻȻ˵޷ˣҪɽȥ޷
ھӰ˵꣬ε˵ô֪޷ˣֻ˵ͷܣôŰ
ľ˰죬ҲȰ޷İô޷İôܿ챻ȥˣһ·ϻڿĨᣬȥ˵ˡ
ľ󣬸п˵ûиѹ¸ĸģ޷ȥɽϿôĵֱء
˵Ǳ˼ҵĸĸȻ޷ûеôر
Ҳǣǿˡľָ
ڴˣģִ＼Ƭ棬мһһӹ̶סõݱɵѸס
ЩʱǰԺľĺҵģ۾ȥҲûáȥҸˣȥɽϿ
ô˵ˣǶԸȥ˵вǲҸо׼ģǳܣ϶Ƿˡ
Ļ߳ȥ
ľ˵·ģҲûиˣһɽܡ۾һɽΣհ
ôϣһĨᡣ۾ͲãոܿһӰӣȥȫϹˡ
Ըµ˵ȥȥɽϿһҪǿˣҾͰ
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޷İô꣬˵ΪЦץ֣ס˵˵лл治֪ôллźá
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ͷԺֱɽ϶ȥ
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ټɽҪȥĶ޷
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һһߺ޷֣ڿյɽ졣
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Ҳϲȵĵ˵ϲˡûʱˮɫմһʺ˼Ҷô˵ˣǻϸţԵǶ಻Ҫ˵ˣ˼ġǣԺҲҪлæʲôġ޷ﴹ۽˵



85 άά
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һͷţֵ̫Ǯˣⲻû֮ģɲȥһСǮѼֵǮĶŪˡ
ȻˣҲ֪ԼǿѡϾ޷ǸסһɾٻзԷﴫƤ񲻻ܵ˺޷ﵽǲһġ
ҿԡ޷Ҫ˵ľã޷á֪ĻΪסһˣԺôˣ
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ľ۾Ҳôһû׵ĸסڼúµ֪ˣ֪ᴫʲô
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ԽԽˣֻÿˮ˵ȪĻᣬȻĶޱȡ
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άάҲûгԷԼķҲˡǹܼңɽׯ˶ҪĻû˸˵ʲôԸĶԷС˵ˣˣɽׯ¶ҪӭӣΪǸҪСϺףҲ˷֡
άάڸЮˡ
׼ˣӽŲųԷҪȥҾߵˣܼҵϡԣûüߵˡ



86 Ȫɽׯ
ԺרעԷûע⵽վˡ
ܼüͷһ壬Ҫ˵
ܷһЦ˵òʱ򡣡
ǣǳԷʱ䡣ܼҲ˵
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յ͹ˣôԷʡ
֡άάɵЦ
ǲǿ˼ˣܷͻȻ
άάǺͰ͵˵ûûУҾܸĵ
˭ѽӦȽϳٶֱۣʱоܷ
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ġԺſڣܷƵس֡
ܷ̫عӵĻڽ޽̫ظѾ֣˶ܰͽȻǳ̫ػ̫عȥġܷ̫عĵֻܷһˣòļƶ١
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άĻ˵ˣܷĻȶһģһ󲿷˶ˣֻнеվһߡ
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С꣬һĬ
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Ҫˣ˿׸Ҿ׸ҲѡѡҪүڽǰģֻ·
ĹϵҪǽ޸꣬ү϶ǲԸġ
֮ѡ
洫ܷС̵˵
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棺㿴ˣһ𣿡
С룺һĳܶĲгҲһĳľͷĳСˣλĳҪһЩϧûȻܸܰȥˡ



87 
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С̻󣬶ܷһ䡣
Сңܷɻؿһۡ
ǽС̣С˰죬Ҵ˭ġС̵˵
ܷ˼˵ʲôˣ
СܺÿС˵
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ܷšüëðû˵ˡ
С̲ӵ⣬˵㽯ûԺ˵ôҲӦʼǸ˵Сһ˲ųġˣô֪ܲ
ܷ¶Цݣ˵еҾ֪еĶһСǰԺһܹȵŵ¡
׻˵úò޵úãҪ볬еѡСЦֺãҲ˵
ܷˣﲻ֪̹
֮Ǿչˡ
ѹʰãľʼ
άά극ˣ˵̫࣬ׯ˲ãҲҪǰȥ̡
ܼҰȥ
ỵ̈ѾΪһϰˡ
ܷ˵ʲôſ˫֣άά·ϡ
άάܷĻ˵һ顣
Цһ˵ʲôѣԼûв͸ǽǵ´Ҷֻ֪ûѡ˵Щ޷Ǿһ㣬Զһ㣬⵹˼ˣȻû˼ΪʲôҪһ٣
˵꣬һڴؿ
άάɵ˵ô֪ô֪
ͷϧ˵ʲôԭҪϲҿ԰ȡ
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΢΢һЦӱάά



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89 Ҵʹ
С˹Ƿ۽ԵˮؿϣһûһؿΧҹЩ䣬òӡ
ͽͤ棬˵͵͵˵Ż֪˵ʲôʱʱЦ
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ܷߵý浱Ȼ˵߸սģ˵ʲôͻܷĶ
ദ֮ĲУ֮ĲޡΪǿһˡ
ͬеصͷ˵̫ˣҼϴθҰףǸֵǴģͻ˫ʮñҵϣҶĵ÷ԲȥҰôһظ˵жôǮһ뵽ԺҪ޸ˣҾ;ú뱲ˡ
渽͵˭ҼҲҰףǼ磬Ҳʲôԣһ㱾ûУͿԳԺȺٹ仨¥ôܵͷͬ⣿
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ҴʹˣҪʲôڣһ˶ѣҪǾóԿˣԳǮҡһǮôô򡣡ܷ꿴Ž棬¶һ̵Ц



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Ҷ֪Ϸˣվڽһߣվܷһߡ
֮ɫ죬淴ֵúܵ



91 
ĲݷأһֻûС
𣿡
Уһƭ㲻ɣ˵
濴ƽĺ棬ƵʣôûϹ
ðĵ㡣Цá
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ܷܺõӣôң
ڣˣߵ˸ϻˣ˵ϢʲôҵŶûܽȥ
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ûУûСԼҲܰˡֺõ˵
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Ͳøһޣƫ⡣Цܷ֮ûƵ˹ҵͷ·
СѾɵˣҳصš
ʱ䣬ܷ粻ʱرˣʱرСߴ˺ü꣬һ֪ʲôа黢ǻڽ̫źͼġ
ǰã̫عˣܷ²ǰȥ̽ŵʱ黹㲻Ȼ̫ظ˵̫عӵһСԡ̫عӲǵεġһСģһ¡
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ܷ鷳꣬ʱͰСϰ档С̲סꡣһҲһɹĿ࿴
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ڼ䣬ľҲˣڱ濴ȥ
˴ŵҲǹߵԭɫԵЩ
ȥһˡ
ûָգѾµ˭ǽ棬ķʽ롱ȥ
ɫ䣺Ҳȥ˭Ҷҹȥˡ
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˵ҲΪ㡣ҲҪΪңܷ˼Ҫ޵̫عӣ˵䲻ĻҶﲻڸҸˣҲǴһˡҸͨˣѾ뵽ȫİ취
ľ֧Ŷţϧѹ̫ˣö϶ġĵڽ֡
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˵˰ʱĻ˵ЦġȻǴ죬Ϣʹ˶ˣװ֪СҲû취ˣֲƤġֻܱһϣȥҴҷĴ󵨵ع㡣ţѾӦԵİ취ˡ˵
üͷ壺ʲô취
˵˵̫ˣܷ껹ʲôɥĲֻǲϹϵ¸档
²ۣǣ㲻¼ܷ꣬˰ɣ
ɻģҵļͣȫԲҪǮƨˡˣû취ܷ꽻



92 Ҳϲ
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˵꣬ڵţ˳ȥ
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棡㵣ۼֿץס֣Ծ˵ʲôѽֻô˵
˵ȥʲôˣǿӲ˵
ʲôûɣۿҪˤˣҶûзľ˵˼仰Ҹ˵ˣףСûмһ棬ʱżҲ֪ΪʲôҪ˵
Ѿˣﻹ˵ģ
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С޿̣ǻط˵˼Ժſ˵
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Ҳɵ˴ϣҷ׷׵ģһ뵽ʧصܷ꣬һ뵽档òȥȥҪˣǿԼ˯ߡ



93 ٳ
ܷˣûô˯ˡҶû𴲣ܶ˶˯֮У˽棺ܸˡ
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ҸһҪӳȥ
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ˣҲˣҸߡ˵
Сر˵㡪
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Ҳ֪ӲǱһ˿ãϣ



94 Ŀ
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ܷǳԿˣ̧ϸ׵ָСү֣Ц˵СүݵλӦü˼ɫΪ졣οСүûм˼ɫͻɫֻƽӹ
СүЩܷĻȤһߵüë˵Ŷľɫҵһˡʲôʱ˽йۿһ
Уϧ˼Ҳһӡһɽׯ棬֪ʲôʱŻԶ׷ڶࡣΪ˼һ棬˷ҵԺǽΪͷҪǼһþޡܷƵ˵
СүûжȤܷôһ˵ĺҲˣʲô֣
ܷĿĴɣЦԽˣн棬Ҷ档ͻ֪ʲô˼ɫ
Сүг¾ϣʮСšǲ㣬ϵˡ
ѽһׯׯӻ̫عṩġ
Сһֱڿޣﲻס߶ô족޵ֻ۾׵ҡ
˽⣬˶סֽţƵıڲ档
СҺͽһ
滹ϺȲ衣
СҲϣСִҪڵϿޡ
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Сҿ޵øˡ
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ȻһֱעŽˣ涼ûл
ׯ˲֪淢ʲô󣬹ܼҾͰѹǮˡŷĹǮǸ߸˵ػ˼ҡʱгӣߵʱҲг͡
ȫģֱֶ߳˵ˡ
ӣֱȻˡڿԻؼңź˯ˡ
֮ǰϻмƬҶӡٻϵҶȫˣֻʣ¹ӡ
ѩ֮ǰһҪǾǰСֽѩȥ֮󣬾ڵϸ˼㱻ӣС󲻻ᱻ෴᳤ϲˡͲɺˡ
æýŲմأҲûʱϢľŴ¡켴٣Ҽһ׼ʳ߲ˣ˳ȥϴʲôȥˣҲȥϢ
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¾˵Һܺ棬ϲʲôˣ
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Ŀˣڼ˻Щ޹ؽҪ˵ѹЭЭ



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Щ޴ͻңæҵĨĨ۾С˵ʲôҲģ
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Ƚ˵ּ˵㱻˼죬СүǸɫӣһ㶯ûС֪ղŶ㰢ô˵ֻΪģҾͲˣʵ
ղŻһĽţȫˡĬĬȻЦҸ˵ٱ飬ҸСү֮ʲôûУ㶼ң
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ţɾӸµؿϵı˵Į
ǽɵĿ˿Ķº͵һ棬ֻļ֪˿ĶǼࡣ
ЦЦŰɣʲô¶ûзҲ顣ʲôҾ͸˵ʲôŲţ߱Ųţһ㶼⡣
ֻ뷨غҵԲں㻹ҪҪˣʡ
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ע⵽ϵ⣬ѹѹ˵֮λѾˣҪ֪µô࣬ϸһλãԽԺ
ɫĮңǿ죬㲻ȰҼ޸ҡ𣿡
ȻˣԼȣǲ㣿ֱ׳˵
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ԸһӲˣͰôź򡣡óġ
ӲˣҺôȱźҪô޸СүҪô޸ˡ
˼ǣһѡ񣿡о˸
ԺΪԸȢ㣿Щ
ҪԸȢң˭㶼ͷԸ𣿡ʡ
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ϲҷǳᡣҺܺǿƴңҹׯΪҪʵˣڶʱ޳ȥһ뵽ԺҪһҾ;ûȥ˵
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ʱʱͻỵһ£еĵطر࣬еĵطһӶûСҪľ߶ȼУӲȵĵطҪ
첻ͳոܿܡΧѾ˵￪ʼɻˣؼ͸ˣر׳ʵ
ȫˣĻæˣֿʼæһߵ˸ֵ߲ˣȻǽˮ
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ϵͬƽΪԽǰǰ·Խ᫡ľɽߵġɽˣмǸԣġֱԸ޸һһе



96 
ͣʱϻЩӦû׼ȥꡣ
Сҵˣطˡ
á˵
ǳӣһסĵط곤ٿҲضһҲý޸ǸСүбķԲ
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סҲ̫ƫƧˡС˵
Сﾾһ£˵ֻǿסòãʵӺͼҾ߻áҪǻã徲û˴š
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ľ˵ĸɲݴԺתСҺһİģӺݵվһǸ˲ǽЩ⡣
Сңǡľ˵
ҼҷˣɵġɳСľʹɫţκνһֱﰵżֳܱ
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룬˵пม
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97 㶨һ
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ֻҪֳκı飬ˡһǲҸġ
ҪȢһĺӵԼĺӣֻҪԸ⡣˵
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Сľһ£͵˲Լͬŵߵ棬װ羰ӡ
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ϳСңС˵СңҴ·ҪĴ
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102 ʵĻƹ
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˺ð쾢߽档ּܵģǱһͷһץһֻӻɽʲôģܸһ¼ˡ
걧ͬ뷨˲٣˴ˡ
Сĵ㣺кۼĵط˼ӣעȵˡ
֪ˡ˵
ˣҶ˵ˣǰϲ㰡ļһǳһŵˡ
Ҳ˼ӣߵżӵĵطˣеһֻҰɽǳʱ䲻ҰɽѾӲˡ
Ұɽֻ˸طżӡ֮Ұܺõߡ
ԺſţӦˡ˭ûȤľᴦġ
ʯͷС·ְ߽ѶӲɽӵϣ׼տˮֻɽĻϾͳԼˡ
죬ľ濴һ˵Ӧˣҳȥ
˼еվľ߳
һãȻվ
˽н̣ԺԺĶӡСʱ򷢹һգӴԺ󲻻˵
żرȻʲôľ˵˵ɡ
Ժطżˣɽ徲ĵط̫ࡣԺһ˰ɽᵽסĵطԶڸڵĴƽƶ
붬֮Ժһ𣬼ǮóβˡԺĲҲûκáȲѣߵݶ˽ˣû취˲ꡣ
óʮӸЩǮ
̵ͷرȻ˵ȼǮˣǻỹġ
ǮüŻ˵
ԭѧԺʱɹٻ쵰¡ҪԺţͱɨسˡԲϷʱԺԷ궥ԭҲԺԹ
ϾҪߡ
ľ˵·ʪģȥҪѩ㲻Ҫˣ
ھԹȥҲ˵
ɽŴˣ棬һ̴ײˡˮسԽůҲůθ
̵·Ҳˣ·һζûдķڿţ˵ʲôʱ͸ˡ
֮ǰӰȲһƤףѩˮѲϴʪ磬Űף֮Ǿͳˡ
·ϵѩΪṳ̂߹·ѾһƬѩԭ߹ĺۼһֻûУʲô˾ˡ󲻳СĽô߹ġ
һԺǽѩѹˣؽѣûö١ԺڴϣϸźصıӡԺ¶ѩְһɰвҩ
̲˵ߵˣŷԺˡŵ棬Ű׽
Ժ־ϲؿǣοˮ
ԺһȦͷȫˡΡΡ̧ͷŵ˵ǣ𣿡
꣬ˡԺ˷˳˸ͷ
Ժ֣˶˾ô
óӣԺ˾һĶôǮ
ָָꡣ
ԺֹҲ̫ˣǲǰѼǮóˣ
ҡҡͷ
Ժ˰гȥǮջȥһ롣
˵һǮЩǸǵġŻҪǲȥңһ취ġ
Ժӣȷʵѣ׸ҲˡڳȥףǮҪ٣һšԼҵ׶ùˣǽ˴⡣
̫ˣûҲᶳģǲûв񣿡תʡ
Ժε˵׼ǮΪҩǮҲȥˡ
Ǯ˿ԶЩ񡣡˵
ˣˡ
Ժ˺ͽ϶ЦݡһĻҲ㣬źڻص
ﱻľյȺģڿûþůˡʦľ˵ˣľװпնȥǡ
Ҫ꣬ľܹڵڶðԷã·Ҳȫµģÿ϶˯ȺĿϡ
һ£˾ܳˡּܳԵҶӵĲ˷ǳѵãֻи˼ҲŻеִһ˶ǳ״صİײ˶ȹѰĶ졣
ֹ˼죬ƹҲˡ˲٣ĻƹҲܶ࣬ˮԻǲġ
˵ѼҵļҪŲɹһҵѡ˵ˬ˵԰ǲ֪Ҫӵʲôܿ𣿡
򿪰˺üСӣСĵӷ·ŵһСӤ
֮ûĬˣЦ˵ˡ
ҪǮѾܾˡ
ѣң㿴㡣˵죬ҾǶˡģҿ϶˰Ѷ͵˵ģ˭̫иˡ
ЦҲи
СһӶţͬʱ˽ͽע⡣
ʣõʲô
֪ŷҹȥģһ˵Ǵģ֮аҲʶʶңӦҸȥʱҡС˵
ɫ΢Ѿ߹ȥˡ
Ȥ˵ӦӹģԼôѵͲ棿
濴һۣСǲ㵾ݣ¶һӣ滹һ㱻һĶ
ô治ǽӰɣ꿪Ц
СҲüѣ̲ס֡һ㱻죬ǰˮĻƹϡ
üһȵ˵Ǯ򲻵ǴĶŪЩҪĻһƹֵ
һۣ֪ǮͲԼֳģ
УҲĻֳģȸҳһϲˡһָʹ˵СңϽȥϴɾˣˡ



103 
һžŵһζ
ζǻƹϣ
⿪磬̧ߵǰ
վһˣһСĵˡԴɽӣĿڽϣһֺĸоɿȥʱֲˣü˳۵ӡ
Ķģм̻ƹϣɵ۾Ц˵ϡмСϾûģԼůֳġԼҳԡ
Ƶ˵ꣿ֪ôֳģԼóԣͰ͵͹
û뵽ı¡¶ЦݣȻʮ⡣
ʵﲻ֪
£Էɡ
üĿչЦ˵
еʱȥԺһҡ
Ǯ֮Ժһҵˣ¼ﶼУǿǮ񣬻˴˲ȹûˡ
ǴһЩˣм͵ĻƹϡԺ˺ܸˣؽӹȥڼҳԷֲֻôӦˡ
Ժָˣʱ²˵ءֻڴϢˣԺĵĻҲˣĻ˵˲ٸжĻ
ȥʱײ˺βɲ
βɲ󷽷˵ϲģ֮ǰһλܣڿСˡ
ֻЦ
ˣ˵ˣȥĴ𣿡βɲ˵
ͷȻԡ
ϺǶҲ˲ˡһС֣µȫ嶼֪ˡܳˮˣǶǼбµˡ
ԴͽĻ´󣬱в˵Ự˵ʲôġϱϲԣͷ̹Ͳһҡˣ˶ƾȢġ
һʮʮ٣˶֪ˡβɲǵһģǵһġ
Ŀɫβɲ۾ֱˡ
̫ˣǰֻ˵ůظڶֳû뵽ԼҲֳˡβɲ˵
ûʲôֻҪ˵¶ȣҪķϣ˳ԡ겻ΪȻ
βɲһۣĵ˵Ǹأ˾úѵ㿴ȻС¡
һֱ͵ĻƹϿĬĬժһԡβɲҧһڣ
ûһ⣿βɲ˵
ʲô⣿ʡ
㻹װɵ˵ûÿ괺ǣöȥɵ˶죬ȴϡʲǰҪܷͺˡڻˣ㾹Ȼڶֳһ˵ļ۸һˣҪ⣬Ժ󲻳ûӽԸҺҳطˣһ𷢲ƣ˵ôβɲ˵
ðˬشӦˡ
βɲ̫˷ˣ껳
ۼȿ죬ĬĬ˼˳˺βɲܹķΧ
βɲ£ŵʣʲô˼
ЦЦһ˵мҵˣԺܸߵ̫
аˡԽҾԽϲϧѾǱĲˡǸѷҲǸġ˵ĶҲŲƺߡβɲŤͷװˡ
겻ں档
ıؽǰԺβӻһ̧ͷѺأʱЩ
ЦЦ˵ҺѸղŻȥˣû뵽һܵˡ첻˵һôǣ
û˵ʵؿźβɲ
üȻ¡
βɲε˵ң̫żˣȹˡ˵ˣڼǴ죬ۿɫˣǻҾԼˡ
ǺǡһЦл˵ļԲȶʲôã°𣿡
Ҫ˵ͼβɲʹ˸ɫ
ȥ˴һʲôûü˵ˡȻˣҾһ鷢ơβɲŹ
غѵ˼βɲ࣬Ƕ⡣˵һ꣬ŲڼҡϢͨŵţû뵽βɲĶô졣ճţβɲˣһֱȵҲһеġ
Ӧˬ죬һİͶûд
ز˵㲻ٿһ𣿡
Ǯʲôÿǵģ̫ˣ꿪ʼҪ׼¸߰˵
˵һǸɵȻġṩ;ǮˣϵڱˡңҲ㲻ʲôǸɵӸѧһ죬Ҳѧˡ
˲һģߵʱȴһߵġβʲͽغַ
ֹ˰£ӺĴóһԲĶŲ󣬱Ƥɫģġ
£æľֻȥΣԼ㲻ٰŪˡֻ֪͵ģٶٲ˳ԣľûжˡ
ľʣõʲô
ϣҴһũ򵽵ģɱһտʼһ˺üһСӣʮȥһ붼ûзѿҲ֪ǲֵķԡ˳һóһѲ˵
ľҲȥֻ֣һУǸϵĶһΪ¶Ĺȿ֮ģһϢӷڿš
Ӷ¡һźɫӣľ˵
áľڿƵ˺üڿˮ
˵ȥЦôͣûгԹֶǮ˼ҴҾߣǿǮȨ˳ԡ
гС飬һľЦ˵ʦȳ
ľӹҧһڣǵ۶óԣ𡣡
Ҳһ飬òô𣬿ǹղԭֳûе𡣸ִȣζ̫ˡ
һ߳һĥôöֳϱķִͨɰķϵȡһľͨٽˮǶ̫ķʹϱٽˮð죬̫Ҫˣʱ綼ûУ˵ʲôˡ
ľԵöԲһı鲻Ǹ˵ӣôˣ
˵ϲ̫𣬶̫СˣҪٴ͸ˡ
˶ʮ죬һ㶼ûɸʮǰһðժ
ѾܲˣϾǶֳġľ˵
ж࣬˲֪ȫûûҹæÿ۲˵һãͲãȫϡΪ˱һĲˣ޲ðѼıȥһ棬ҲСƵģȥ˰氡



104 Ҫ

ԶԶСں
䣬ԲԲģԶԶؿȥ
һŷ濴ȥ
СһһϤĵݣԱ߻Žꡣ
˾̰ܵѩһͲˣڴϢ
Ʈѩ׷׹䡣
һѶСĶ̫ˣá
СֻýӹݹɡŻŵܹȥɡｯ굲סͷϵѩ
СһҪˣϲرŶš
쿴СָʲôöˣȻûйĶܽšһ㿴滹ġ˽һۣЦе˵
û˵֧°ϣѩ׵շ۷۵ģɬЦݡ
ⲻû취붬֮ѩûͣɽ·ˣǽȥҲ˵
Ѿǿ˵ݣ¶Ķ
ϰϴ󣬳ԾؿĶ
˵ôأϡСҲɵˣ˫۷ؿŽ棬Ц˵̫ˣҲֳˡ
ò˵ھҪԡ˵
治ͬ⣬һ˵Ͱôûгԣôܶ
ģ˵ô죿˵
ǻ˵ȻõôԺͬһ˵
ЦҾ֪ôǰ͡ô̬һһãٲĹͰ
С˵Ը⡣
һ
һʰǴȥ˽ϵԺӡ
Ҳܾϲб¡
ǿǣҶĿ࿴ˡ˵꣬Ȳ˵õп
û
˲˵пһͮͮġ
Цá
˳ӣ𰡡
ЦҲ֪ʲôպͨͨġ
һ飬ǽͽ档
ԼԣҲСһ顣
ΧҲһС飬ڵġ
ʱš
ˣڳʲôö˵
ɡ¶һ˿ЦЦ˵һֱԺء
ɫףü˳۵˵ҡ
δϣͦġ˵
ɬЦ£ˣʵǺӡ
ֻǰ棬֪Ҫ˵ʲôһҲͽԸ˵
ü˼͸ģܿϧҲ
۰Ͱ͵ؿŽ棺ӣͬһķϣܸܲһϳԣ
Ӹµ˵һûУ鵹С
˵ţ˵ʣµгݡСһ飬һھܳˡˣǸӵģûкķݡ
Цˣĺлǳζ
ô죬ҲֳүȻãİ˵
ǳãͺˣ˵òͱֽˡ
ҪȳǾȰ
৵ذˣҪȥˡ
ӣҲĵġ
ҲҪ˰̵ģȻߣҲףԺݾͲͬˡղǻҪˣֻЦ˳ѵ
ѵͷ̧
ӲͷƤ˵֪ˣԺ󲻻ٷˡ
Ц£Цⲻ۵ף֪˾ͺãȻţҪأȻԺǳȥƽЦ
ͷ˵˼伪黰ˡ
Ͽ˽һۣ̾˿˵Ǻαظһʶ͵ھͺˡ
Цôģϧ˼Ҳô룬ؾʹһҪٲΪǶǺ۸ġǺƤҪϳԣǴΪ˭ѽԼǷ糾ģˣ
ôҪѹˣôҪӣҪҺʹ綼ڣҪﵽͷˡ˵
ֺӺƤҪϡ
꣬˵磬Ѿˣûˡ
һû𣿡ֺӲĵʡ
ûС˵
ֺӻģֻð￴
ⲻ𣿡ָֺһȭͷСĹ˵
û졣˵
ǵˣһҪҼһֺ˵
ĬĬ
ֺӵɫʱˣôһϸ
ϴʵɫ
ֻø˵ʵҪжģҿ϶һϧЩ϶ǰˡ
ֺʣһǮ
꺬˹ȥ
ʲôʲֺ˵굽Ǯˡ
ûҪϣֺżص
ʵҶȥһϣڴȻ󲨣˭ϵġ˳ʳˣܳˮǿɰӡ
ǸϡƵģһܹˡҺò죬϶żҲỵϺС϶Ķӣʣµķϣ˭˾͸˭һڣһڶóԡһӵ˶֪ˡ
ûôۣһͳˡóǺóԣɳ˼ҵ̣Ҳ˼ٸҪ϶󰡣һζͲˡֺҲҪԵóƵģɼܲסСһȰ˵СˣҪһõȥҲйʡ
ֺӿֻСͲˣû𣿡
Уû졣ֺ˵
СһɣǵҪǡ
ֺӺȥˡ
ûƭֺӣûϱȫǰˣǺβɲȣȽǮ˼ҡ
⣬ˡ
껹Ҫżȥġ
ڣ˸һǮ⻹Ҫ
㵽ʱȥһˣһЩ֮ĸȥǮϡҲǮ˵ҲûǮǮڽǶ
Ӳ⣬ҪԼȫܣҲû¡
ϵͳǶ𣿡
ϵͳУҪ𣿡
ҪʲôƤʡ
Ҫһءеϵͳ˵
̫ˣϾ͸Ūһ˵
⣬һҪһЩ֣ʲôĲӣ۲ʲôġ˵
ھҪϵͳʡ
š˵
ϵͳ˵ʵ̫ªˣ˵ɡ
ҵҪϱĤ㲻
ϵͳ˵ҲûҪ
Ҫھ͸ҡ˵
괺ҪûСϵͳ
Ŀɿڴ
ϵͳϵͳǹԵġ
㣬˰˵
껹ʮ죬걸ƷѶ˳ȥмжѣͲˡɽ֮ԭصţͬȥУǮһ
Ѷϳڳϻһ·˴Ķ棬в·Ϊ꾭ҪֵأҲûлᴩЩð·
·ܺͬܿò˼ܾûˣǳڴ档ҪˣͻȻеš



105 û̸£
ſһվؤܻͦ˵ġ
ҵӭ
үˡ
һ˸߸˵ܣ׼ȥͨ籨š
ʱһסˣ˾䣺ղ˵˭ˣ
ү˵
ߣٴα̳סˡ
̳ǺɵĴӡ
ͱȽϼ£ƽʱԽĸԾӣ׽ƽʱ˵ϡֺ̳ý棬Ӧ䵭
һλүؼҵλ𣿡̳ʡ
˿һۣЩ죬Ų֪ΪʲôҪ̳һ˵ͷ뿪ļƣֻ˵ǣּҹү
ȥɡ̳˵
˲ˡ
̳룬̧ȳſȥ
һ۸ڶӣ˶˵үǸʲôõģ
̳ԽԽ̹ȥֹүǺηʥܿǸֳЦ
껹ſڿ˰ᶫ
ŲУЩ˺Ҫĵݡڵô䣬Ͷˡ˼ȥԶűȽϺá
̳ԶԶؿһĸߴῡվڴſڣͷһ˵
õǶ˵
ԼװӣȻ֪װʲôǼϣúñܶż졣
á˿˵
ʱһ˹ˣһһ۴
֮ǰûм̳ϵ·һ㣬ǽˡ
㶼ʲô̳Цʡ
һЩˣԼֵģһЩʲôģЩֵǮĶ국Ц
̳һ˵𣿡
꿴һۣС
ܸһҺܵϴֻһСƬرĺóԡ̳˵
˵õǶˡ
СϢϹͿ̳յǰ֪˵ʲôСһ߹үԺ㣬ô
ϷЦݣҵţĶŪˡ
СҴ˵ţȥ֪ൣ㡣
˵ðɡ
Ž̳ͷ̧ȾҪ뿪
̳ڵȵȡ
Сҵɨ˹ضŽ̳
̳΢Ц·оСҵۣЦ˵ҲˣҸһȥ
Сҵڵġ
겻֪˭ֻĿǺ죬ҵصͷûе̧Ⱦߡ
̳ЦסŻŵ׷ȥ
ǵǰ棬ںһ·Сܡ
̳˵ʲôֲ֪οڡ
ԥĹѾߵǰȥˡ
Ųˣôû
˻شүſڡ
滹ûվѾƿŽˡ
Цſ˫֡
һΪ춼ˡ
Թţн껳
ܿ죬ֵȵ˵Ϻ䡣
ɽ·ߣҷ˺ܴľŰѶŪġַ֣ܿſˡ
˵£ſĽ̳
̳ӵ˵棬ܽ𣿡
Ϊ᲻˼ǿһ¾ˡ
ֱӣ˵Ҳˣпˣ졣Ҫ£Ըٹ
̳ǣǡ
Ͱ͵ؿꡣ
۶ǽ棬Ц˵ϴθϣϲ𣿡
ϲһȲ裬ůšţ̧ۿ˽̳һۣ˵㻹б𣿡
ûˡ̳Цѿĵҧ촽˳ȥ
йһˣͽ̳ͻȥ˵ÿʵǸϲࡣ
ѷһֻˡ
оůͶˡűӺڲ裬ɤ˵ղǸ˭
̳ҵġһݵģˡҵ˵ҵĸ͵ܵܣǲϵġ赭д˵
ôһ˵ˡ
һģе⡣
˵Ƚģûô˵Ҳʶ˼䡣ҹ㣬Һ档
Ҳˡ
Ļ
Ц£ϡ
Ҫ৵ؿʮֲơ
æ˵ûУȻǸģҪ˭ҲҲֵġ
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˵
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˵ʲôûиɣ˵仰ˡ
ƲƲ죬С˵Ҳš
˵ѾӴˣ˵󼸸ϣԺٳֻܵˡ
һϣȥ˽ϡ
Ҳڣӡ
ʱܸокü˫۾˹
ôˡǺЦϲϲضԽ˵
˵ɽ·ȫˣƽҲǲףڸ죬úһ档
Ҳ棬ʦһڼҲ˵
澪ȵ˵㲻׼߰ɣ
ߡ˵
˾죬һĵ˵ðɡ
һֱ꿴鲻Խ˵ү濡
ЦЦֵû˵
С˶ڶ꿴ֻ϶ܵĿת˰죬ûϣ̲ס˵ô㿴ϰ
ֻһС飬֮ϵζ֮ǰֵ棬ȻʳǣײܸҵȣûгԹϡ
ϡץ½ǵ֣Ҫ˵
ǲ˼£ôҪϣҪϡ
ЦЦؿ
ɫһ޲סСӵ졣
ɫ糣Ц£ˣ
󼸸Ҷ͹ˡ˵ϲϡҴһأȫϡڵ̫СˣҲ̫𡣸֮ϻִ𡣡˵
һɾͻˡ
ʹʮ˰գһӵĲ˳õĶ͹ģ͵Ĳ˿θڡ
ɿĿ̬ͣҲܹë
󣬽ɰ鷿顣
ʱ˵˸ɽ๫һΪүˡڿɺܵүĳ衣ǿүҼˣһôб¡ү޲ڣ˵һ޸佯۹á
޽ɽȥˣ⻹۹ãղΪȻ
ɵûϡ㿴˼ҳ𣿾ֳˣдѵŸǮȴһ㶼⣬ת־͸ˡԽ̫ˣҶĽˡԺĹҪԽһǾ̫ˡ̳˵
ѽøѧһѧܿƵĶǲβ͸Ȳ꣬ǸǱģүѹ汾¡˵
ȥֻϡ
ôҪϡ
øһƣԳԳԣ֪ԣҵ㶪ˣʲôʱһ
һͺҪϣҾҪϣ
ɣֻŻУôֳģ
ôʵʵ˵˵һѻҲ֪ûһصͷ
оͷԣϾ˵ҾܺΪأ
ţȻһˣɻȻġ
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˵Ѿ˴Э飬궬ôֲˣṩ֧֣ṩغˡ
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106 ҵĵӾж
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107 
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108 Һĸ
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109 ӹ˭
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Ҳ룬˼ʲôݣԸ޸ѾðˡҪûë˭Ը޸Ҳ˵
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110 
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治öΪ̫ˣʲôԲ¡֮ĪطҲܸоӶˡ



111 ǳԵĻǶҩ
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ޣС£޲ðѵ֭³˵ƭ㣬̫ѳˡ



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ô᣿滹ǲţ겻ûõĶֽзѵĶһܳԡ
Ҫȥժһ෬ѡ
ʱӦЩˣľָ԰һ෬ѣ滹ҧ˴һڡСɫ֭Һϵıж
Ѿŵ෬ˣ˻
ܳôԣʡ
ô԰סˣһĪ˵Ȼܳ԰ôԣ˷ŵԣбĳԷ𣿡
濴Сҡ
Сָŵϵ෬˵ԹˣѳԵҩһȷǸ˳Եģ
ЩЦԷǣ˵ôֵֹġ
òóԣΪԴˡ֧żӵķȥһͿĿ꣬һ󲿷ֱƤ˵ķ֣ժ־ǿˣЦ˵ƤûģζȻáƤǳģԵġ
ûдũҩеķѶɫȾġӲĻҳ͵˵ԡ
ܳԣԥһ¡
ü֤ܳԣԲƭ㡣
ҧһڡ
Сڱ۾ţȲʣô
۾˵ģܺóԡ
ļٵģСҰˮ
ýԼųԣȥժһź췬ѸСҡСҳ˺췬Ѿͣˣڲ԰תתȥҺ췬ѳԡ
ľӸڴ˲ţְֵؽ̳ţˡ
ûмѺ֪˵ķϹϾվһߣ
ʼʱ﹤ΪڿЦ
ʲôүҪˣүܷĸǲӣĸ
ﻹֹ͸һΡմմСС𣬶Իռ
һ׼ϹǣлաӺŵ˹ɢζзѺʳ㣬Ũţζˡ
㰡
СһڣÿˮҪˡ
ϣԶʢȸľʢһ׷Сľ˲˽ȥɫ֭ڰϣӾЧġ
ʢľģȻǽģǸԼʢľһڣͷζôľĴָˣ̫óˡ
СȥԷõǳꡣСߣȴ˵ðɣ
ȥɣò㡣˻֡
ˡ
˵꣬СҾԶˡ
һ˵˼ҳˣʣµĲǸǳԵġ
˵Ҫ޵£Χɽɽܶ˶ط̫ˣԺҲûʲôչǰ;˵ʵ˵ģмǼͥõģȫǼҪҲġɸŽ棬ζһӶҪɽ˭ܵô
ģҲǿҪҲֻ࣬Ϊ͵ˣӶǾϸѡġ֮Щ˲ŷĲһڽô죬Ҳû˵ôۡҪǳԵúãʶĶˡЩ˵ûû
ӿСҽæкˣǾ͵ˡ
С˵ʢһ׷Ҫˡ
Ѿʢˡ˵
﹤һ˿ţŵһ˵ѽ㡣
֮ȥǻطûֹϵͳҪġȫֽ֮һꡣ磬ȳɹӲӲģеӶ̯棬ɹ֮ʯȥѹӴ֦ϵҪŷĿǣľǸɸɾӡ
ˣ鷳ҲˡСøѹƵģҲô𡣿ֳĲһֳִԲһ϶˵ϣҹȿ֭ͨͨˮ
￪ʼϣ겻òڵͷһͼȥҹΪغϵأľ뷽跨ֻ׵ǹ·Ӷ׺ݵؽ͵ϵãܱܿϣ·ҧˡ
ȻϲϣŵóԲ˲Ųˡʵϣϸոճʱժûؼңȸľԡò˵гɴϣ۵֭Һɫ˵ȿ˶̾
ͬһʱ䣬ҲϡֱֺӰæʱֱϾʹӦˣûʲô¸ɣĻøɵģ඼ˡֺǶֺӻԥ˼ӣʴӦûСֱҪȥ̴ֺӦˡ
ֺӶС˵ҾǮҪۿǲǡ˵ˣ綼ȥˣҪپܾ´λٸۼͶ𣿡
Ҫ̫óˣ뵽ԺԲϾ̫ϧˡ
ŷ̽ͷ̽ԡ
Ͽˣȥ
ŷ˵үˣ˼˵ТģҸԺˡ
Ҳڣæ˵ǹүأû
үˣ˵Ǵ󼯣ڴϡŷʵ˵
ôʵģҲôشġ
Щƣôѽϣ˶ٻǮ
ҲôģΪϸϴһССԲģ
˰ϰʱǼĬˡ
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ʲôܳ𣿡ֹһôʡ
ϣȻܳԡóһϣǰϣò˵г˺ܶ飬ܿͱǸˡ
˼ҵĹϣٲһ˵ȥˡϵļ۸񶨵òͣϰյĳܷΧ֮ڣҧҧһȥüҲζ
һϺܿ˸⣬ŷĸˣֻܵһ˹
쳣𱬣ڸûȥĽͽ϶˵ˣ׷׳ȥ֡
ǶָϿ
쳤ӿ˺üۣϡ˵˭뵽С⾹Ȼôá
ִ𣬼۸񻹲󡣵˵̫ˣҪȥѵĸԸ⻨߼򡣡Цúϲ£죬سԱߵһۣһ˵Ǳߺܼҵ
ƿ濴ֻǰΧһȺˣһ˱һɫ⣬ʣǰڸʲô
ˣҲ֪ϴľȥֻˡ
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ȥ˾񣬸漷棬ҲڣǸϵģӲ͹
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ĸܸӣһĽȢ˽档һǱģˣȢ棬ǾԲȢġ
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ӳϴõ·ϣ߹˵ô磿
϶ˣЩ˸Ƶġһȥһյʱ䶼ûУͱȫˡֱԺ˵
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ԴӼ޹֮󣬽ֻڻһ˼ң֮ʹɽûȥϣ˵ҪСһؼҡˡ
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⣬ֵķѡ˵ζ죬Ҳ˺ܰѵζϧֵ٣ֻŪһЩȥ۸ߵף˻Ǯ
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Ҫϣ˶ϲ򡣡˵
ô˵ˣ뿪ŰĶϺͷѵȵȣҲض顣
滹ڴ޵òã޵ɽöôá˺üˣЩ˵ǶǷƨò֪жãֻǮ͸ɻǮ˽Сӹò֪ж
֮ææµµ껭ͼľһ齫ơеʱ̻˴Ҵ齫տʼֵȱȱѧ֮ÿ춼ץ˴齫
ϴ裬滹齫ǰڽʱʱָһ½档ʲôʹʲô
һ֣ľǰ齫ǰһƣװ˵ˣִǣܴùŹ֡



113 ʲôô
ʲôʡ
齫Ҹô档¸߰ѽϣȻԼλϣʼضѳǣһ߶һ˵ѧң齫ѳ
ѽˣСź̳ҲˣûλõֻվڱϿ
ɻʱȻ죬һҲûгӭƣһߵˣȥĶˣ
˰һӵ˺ǳԾֿĴСͬһϣÿϵı鶼ࡣͨߵ˰죬ԼҲȤ
̳һƣԥҪҪ׳ȥ
ʱһִֻϣº͵ͷ𣺡
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̳Թؿһۡ
ڶ֣ˣһ߶ųǣһʮ˵һ֣ҿ϶Ӯ
֪ϡ
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һδƿ齫˵ȳԷ극
ڼ죬͸齫ơʱ齫͸˽ϣЦúϲ£졣
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ʱ꣬ڸϵͳּۻۡ
ҲˣҪܴģҪܶϱĤ˵
ϵͳĬԶԡ
˵ѽ֪ڡ˵
ϵͳɵũ޹ذɣ
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ϵͳˣҪ٣
ҪĤ뷨ˡ
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˵֪ҾǰкҸҪʱû׼á
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Ŷ㡣ľ˵
꾪ȵ˵ʲô
ľǸղ˵˰컰˼ϣûӡľԤ롣
ˣͷţ󵽸ϣȥֱֺӡ
ֱֱӣ˵ʲô˵ʲôֺӳǸһЩֱ˵ˣŲֵܣǮһ˲ǮȢһҾõţԽԽˡҲҺʹ磬Ҫǰ㣬ܹô˳𣿡
껹ûֱˣʲôˣͰæһ涼ˣ˼ҰֱӰȥˡ
ֺ첱Ӵֵ˵Ҳڰⲻǰæûǣһô𣿡
ֱ˵ҲЮͼԼ˵ҶٺöϺ⣬ûгԣˣûгԣ
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ĿĴﵽֱֺˡ
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С۰Ͱ͵ؿǣҲȥ𣿡
ȥԼᣬȥ𣿡Ц˵
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СһƵؿǡ
һֻ־ŵһֻֽǣŽ棬ϵıȸҪȥ֪ˡ˵ʱͺܸȤһȥʱ˷֮Ա
컹ûкڣѾˣĵطߡ
濴˿˵ȥĶץ
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治ˣɵظꡣȥĶȥĶˣ̲ס࿴һۣԶ˲С˵ϱû˱øÿˡ
һֻڸһҵһֻ֪ˣմʵոմĶѨ
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ûǿǰߡ
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óԣ걧ȵһҲԸֿ
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׸ҿѽͻؼҸҼ˵Լˣظ˵
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һ治˵˾ͲСԼû£Ϳżô⣬¶ôġô˭ҪǼ޸ôϲѵҲϲ



114 ҵ
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Ҹǲ죬죬˵һ²ͳˡֺЦֺá
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ңȥˣ˵ˡ˵ûݵġΪҲǵݣǾͲҪңֺȭͷ
Ľ档
ֺ˰죬ԾûٴȥĬĬ뿪ˡ
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ôȥ޷߳Խ˵
Ц˵ڹҲӰ
ӰʲôѽҰ޷Ťͷ溰ֹˡ
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˵ˣҾһװͰ͵صСһۣСһ㲻£ͷ˵˭ģ˼ֻûлԷѣ͵ĵóԲ˯š
컹˵곤һǰ
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ڴɻеҪɡ̫ȵʱ򣬰ߵĤҿ½ˣٰϱĤǺãȻǽˮͰβݡ
컹ûе߲ѾҹˣˮĹʵ֦ͷϲӯˡ
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һͼˣǾûбİ취ٺõĶ˲ȥ˵ǮҲǵĿڴ
Сᣬ㻹ǳסҵĻû˵꣬ͼľ˵·˵ߣڴ׳˵ǾСһ˲ȥĶȥǶСɽˣԶΪܸɡ
ܸɣܸɡЦˡ
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ֺٴγˣֻǮʹࡣһԥǱֿ߱ˡ
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ɣ㵱Ȼˡ֪ѩжһŲȽȥβһһȾͷϵˡڿ˶ǲΪǮұȳӣ㻹Ը𣿡ֺдʵ˵
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βɲЦſˣſ֧°Ϳûв͸ǽųܵݣҶ֪Ȱ㲻ҪЩ˼ʵʵɻġ
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βɲ˵ʵ˵ûˣģҸӡҪǹ˽죬㻹ңҪóȥˡ㲻ɣܵб˸ǲǣ
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УϲҰˡ쵽ˣҪҵҰ˺ѡ˵
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߲ůˣǣ𽯴뿪뿪֮ǰ޷ҪһҰ˸ɡЩҰ˸ɶ޷ڵģϴɾַ̫ɹɡԵʱˮһŵ⳴һǺġ
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˼ӿŲߵѿǰСæӹѿɡѿҪͽɡӻ־ܾˣСҸѿɡ˿첽ص
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СҲʵظʲô
СС΢΢ǽ˵ϡ
ٹҾͺˡСҾĴһ䱸ؿ
ˣͶġ˾һֻ˵
Ե޹ʵģͶС˵
͸ˣ͸ġʾ⣬Сӷŵϣ˵ץֻһֻ͸ġ
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ϲ£⻹ʣСе
Сҭ£Сȭͷ˵˭ϲҵģѶûȥҲŲϡ
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СҴ㵵ؿĶ˰ǰ׷ȥ
Ѷ߰
ã͸ġСԽԽԶԶˡ
ˡСҶŵϵĽӡһ˵ϵӣСֹһ䣺֪֣ôʲô
ҽ໱Ǹ洫ŨŨЦ⡣
С˭Ҫ֪֣
˵꣬ܵˡ



116 û׾ͺ
괧żľӽݡ
˵СңŹϣҪˡ
ľӷŵϣСðŹϡ
߹ʣʲô
صЦЦƿһľӡһϸСǩһۺɫĶš
һְֻľӣһֻȥϸǩûöϸǩͱγˣһĶ涳źķ֭Һ
ƵıһжǷѿζģ滹һϿζġ֧ݸ棬ְ˸Сҡ
һһڣȵ˵𰡡
׿ˮӷ֭ģϧûаǡŵǽȥ𡣡˵
Ѿܺˡ˵
ˣҼЩţ̡̿óţڵ»ɿ顣
¶Ӷı顣ΪûаɰǣţҲɢһζÿøʱϾд˾ܾ˵ţ̣Ƥøá
飬ЦԺӷ۵ġ
רĳԱ
ͺˣаǳˡ˵
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š˵
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ϣûгԷǳ˺ܶϡ
ҲӴĴԼ˳Եġ˷Ѻϣָ߲˶Сϰߣÿ춼ҪȥתһתķѾժˮĻƹϳԡ
˶ڿ̲˾ͷÿ춼ʵ߲˳ԣ컹ҪһЩ
ѾǧؽɽһֻϳԵýζһˤڽǰ
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СңǰùҸ糤ʶ淢
Сҵߵߵܵ棬ʣµİϰ
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˵ˣǰصڴժһĺ«ϣó«ڵĽӡæµ˳Է˶࣬Ҫ׼
˱ǮҶˡҵҲйֳʼǮ˵
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βɲ˵ҳԷˣкóԵıҴţϽóҳԡǣΪٷҴͿŶˣڶܳһͷ򡣡
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СҲöʣææشźӻؼˡ
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УҷˣҾƺȣһͭ嶼ҡֺԹţ쵽·棬ͳ˸ͭ塣
СһǮһȺȺȣ֪ȡ綼֪Ǯ⣬Ͳ֪ɶɻ
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涯һ٣۾Ž˵㻰лѽ
бһۣ㻹̫ɵǰ׵ܷ꣬ż޽̫ظ£̫ظ˾ͿʼĶĶһ첻󣬾ͻжķͣԺ̧ˣЩСûһġͦݵģɼܲסЩҲǺǵģ˼ҺԸһ
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ûӮģӮɡҲ֪ΪʲôԽУĶԽǲöˣּûд㣬û˵
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СҸû棬źվǽ¸˵
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СȴܳʵذС˼ָС˵ıǼ˵˵øһ㶼񡣡
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մմЩʪ⡣ֱһͭ¯ӣ̿յúͨͨġ
Ϸһϣɢ˵ζ
ܷϣһֻѩ׵è˳Ƕϸ׵ָè°ͣʣ֪ĶǴĶŪ𣿡
ͨ˽ҵһˣ˵Ƕүġȥ궬죬ҳԵľʵ߲ˡһûܣġ
үܷ͵۾ϻˣ˻èèܵ˺ü£ɿ֣èèֱ˳ˣɵϡ
ꣿ顣
һ£ʱˡڴϿΪһ£ִûס˺ܶࡣʱȥҲˡ˵
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ҪǱˣȽ໨ǮͿܰˡƫƫ֮꣬ŲٶԹǮܽġ
˵
˭ѵǮڴǰ׻ӡ֪Ϊʲô߽ˣΪǮǮǽһҡǮɲԸԵ˼ҵԺȥܷ˵
˵ǮҲǸһڽҲɣ
Ǯܸɣ㲻ܷĵصһۡ
ֵܼҲû޵úã޵˿̫عӡ˵
ֻǿŷ⡣ܷӿߵĿɬ˻ȥ
û֮ǰҲôΪġ֪֮ɼζصȥѡĻᣬһѡһ·ߡЦ˸Ҹ˷ǽ档
꣬Ӧδ
û׾ͺˡ
Ƥӡһ̸ɰͰ͵Ķŵǰ
濴һСûɵó𣿡
㳢֪ˡ˵
滹ûжһߵĽ֣϶ǺöǺöԡ
Ц˵ǿԶƤá
ǿͽƤõˡ



117 ɽ֮·
ס˺ü죬ŻöԵƤë͹ˮɴסˡ
ϧ˲ڽȴĴ˵˾ʱİѾĴҪǽˡ
룬ԣǽǵһҪˡ
־ˡ
վԺѵøֳһ˿šСҰһӸǳ˶ӣոȥˡ
ǽѿӣǱֵñȽѿ˻ڽšѿǳԹ緹žö۵ģԼƵ˵ǲǳԻˣӴҹͿʼˣ۵úˡ
Сûо飬׽ѿҪжס˵ѿ岻ʣСȥҴĳŴ򡣳Ŵ꣬㵱ȥ˶ûйСȥвš
СҲɵˣŻŵذѲźʹ
ĨĨϵ亹˵жϵûȷʵҪˡ
ְ˽ŵذѽѿŪ׼õĶһͽȥ֮ԵĲžͰˡֻ潹صţҲлԺһš
̫ˣʼѿ˼Ǿûѿйһ
һһʱʱ䡣úʪץס֣ʣѿ°ɣ
᲻ᡣŵÿҪˣɲ˵һ佯ѿõĻ½ܲסιȥŽ֣˵ѿأôĶܼɣƽʱɻҲӰ졣
˵ãһ˵ըˣ˵Ҫٸɻˣ̥ͺáǲҵģÿθɻСܵûҪ죬ԵûС١
˵󣬽ֱҪˡ
СѪӿ˵ҳԵҲֻ࣬һ㣬û͵лҡ
ţŴһ졣
ŵ洫ˣǸεɾ
ۺᣬһи˵ˣ
ˡ֪ΪʲôеЦתһ룬ҪЦˣ϶᲻ˣҧסˡ
СҸ棬ʣܽȥ𣿡
һ
˵ǿԣֻζš
ССӤһ۾ûȫ
涯رڻЦ˵㿴öÿ
ѿһҸڴϡ
С˵Ҳ
ѺӽСң˱ѿ˵ˡ
ѿЦд˵ҪллǣҪңѾǸˡ
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ӻȳˡѿˣѿˡ
﷢ģⱲӶڽңԸΪ׳Լ
ϲӲҪ˵ĻһգȻˡ
ѿסûᡣ
Ϊ˸õչ˽ѿȥⷽ澭ˡڴڼ䣬ѿʳ涼Ҫע⡣
СȥʣСҶԴҲ̫ϤȻҪ޷޷ˣĸˮϯպãĸóµֽˡ
С˵꣬˶˵ֻҪӷУ
ѡ𣿡Сʡ
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˼ɩǿΪˣûƼˣȴƼİôԼƼԼ
СҾ˵㰢ôӷ
ᣬҰôڴ˼Ҹɹǻ˼үҵ˸ӷҰôڿ죬͵͵ѧ˼СҪǲţҰѰôйһԡ޷˵
ƣ޷ﰢô۾öˡһζʮ波֮󣬵İ£ĹǮҲ͡ôܳظʾһúչ˽ѿ
һ죬̽ѿȻǵϲһˣѪԵϵֲܸġܵһֱϵڿ⡣һͷع³ԵһҲܸ˰졣ѿľ֮ÿιֶ顣
ѿôǿ¶һ˿Цݣ˵ʵҲܸɣʹ˵㣬һף˵ܳˣǴͷҲԲϣԵľ߲
еǮˣˮԬɻ˼ʮļҵױ͹ˡȼ޹ȥֻܸŹӡ
ѿֻܰοֻҪڿ죬кӹġ
ȼ߿ࣺ˵߸ˣҼǸҲˡˣ˶û˵ġˣ˻ҵĶӡǣ˳ʲôʲô
˵ţôˣԭǵˡ
һһˣһǻˣһ
ȵ۾ˣԵҲ̫ˡ
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ѿȳԣʣµıȰԲˡ
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һ˶Ӳˡ
С°̧ø߸ߵģŸ첲ƤЦⲻЦؿ
˼ҵķ˾˼ҵĹ㰡
ȵƨ뿪ӣƺܳʱ䣬һʱ֪»Ǹվ
ӡѿѵ˵ġ˵ģͺӶȴ˵Ļýײ˸š
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ѿҪ´ֹˣ𶯡
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ѿѵġ
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ˡ
СҲ̫Сˣܺ㲻ɣδǶԵģ°·ɱҧǮˡ
ɴһЩľ飬ˡ
ֺӷ˶ˡ
ϰߣҪЪЪŲߡ
ӿ˽ŵ꣬һȲץʱߡֺӸո£һСӵ˾ߡ
Ȳ𣿡СӴüƵġ
ҪȲ裬ȲģһɵģֺӿһۣҪв販ʿϲ衣
衣СӶͭ壬һ̵ģֺͬӵĲǮҲˣֺӳԵġ
ֺӲɵ֪Ŀģع۲ţС˵ʲô
Сӿʼʶ˵쿴ǣǸʲô
ֺӺ˵ȣ˼Ǯ
ǶҪ˲Сʡ
Ҫˣ̫أһ˶ϵˣû취Ÿɵġֺ˵
С˵Ƕңֺ˵ɽסţҵýɽ
С˫ð⣬óһͭ˵鷳·ҪܼǶңЩǮȫġ
ֺӶˣǮСӸߡ



118 ͻȻİݷ
䣬ˡͣ½Ų˵
·߳ߵ˵ոճԹһ߾͵ɢˡ
ҲһߣýÿҪ˵һȦϲںﻹǺġ
͵ſڣŻȥ
ɽ·̫ҪߵúŲǱˤ
ǰˣһĸߴһЩһҪСһЩúܽһǰһ˵Ż˵С˵ʲô
ϳһˡ
ûж룬һ磡
ֺӵԽ¡
Сע⵽ϵľ֮ɫʶŤͷꡣ
һۣСˣûм
Сбֺһۣɫ˵ࡣ
ֺӰһǿԼӲվסˣ˵ҪȥĶ
˵ȥǶ
ûֺȥĶ
ֺй͵һ䡣
ѩ·Ҳߣͷ羰Ц˵
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֣Ҫû׷ȥ
Сʣ˭Ųһˡ
ҵܣ֮ǰ˾һѳʺ˭Ը˴ĺˣǴĴġֺ߶߶˵
СһĨ⣬ϵЦ˼֣лĻһҪҽܸܵܡҾܣʱϵһЩͻǮһȻˣҾԲ㡣ֻҪˣٲĺô
ֺųǮ¶̰Цݡ
ժӡ
ɫĳӣһָôѹ֦ͷϡ
Ҳ̫ˡ
һժһ˵
ʱѲˡ
Ҳڣ껹һЩڴתһȦվſڿŹ˰߲˴
صſڣлҪ˵ӡ
ߣߵû˵ĵطվסˣҲվסˡ
ѯ˽ѿ
˵ˣ
ˣǸСɾ˺ͺӶܺá˵
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Ƕȥˣ޵Ҿ˾䣬޸ʲô˵ȥ磬˸ϳˣ˵Ժȥ˵
üͷ΢壺£
Цˣһƭ㲻ɣ㲻ŵĻҰȽеǰԸ˵
Ŷ£赭д˵˵ʲôʲôȵĵ˰ɡ
ʶȣô϶òԣ΢Ц˵
˽棬ǸĴ֡ûвȵĵߣᷢôĻ𡣡국˵
ת˻⣬ʼ˵顣
з磬Ѿעˣ˽˴ӵͨͼȥ
֪ˡ˵
㲻ģظȤ˵
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겻ǳԭӺĤṩģ˦ûˡǺǽ꣬ıǽңǱصĴ󻧡˦ˣǵѡ
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ȴӿŽµıѩʱʱһ±ӡ
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治֪ί˵
ҿҲɵӣ˼Ϊʲô㶼֪ɣ̧Ҫߡ
ŵˣץסص°ڣ˵˵һЩĻǶҸ˵ġ͵ˣ˴Ƣ
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ȵʱͰˣ촽΢΢ţһֶ˵ˡ
Ҿ֪ʲôˣӦóȥҲǱϿź۸ļֶζܱȵϵġ˼ֹһɱ˶ûôɵܵǰҫسЦ
Ѿɫˡ
Ȱ㲻ҪٵǰûȤںûίûʲôܸɵĻ˶Ÿˡֻܵ꿪ˣʱҡز˵
ȿ˵ҼѾҲˣ궼֪Ҫô
ȽǮǰѹعȥͰôͷϺܿԣ˵תˡ
ֻ˵̫벻˭ãƫҪｯ棿ĸôãȻͼȥֱЦ
յţʵԾһ˵ԣûдǲŵġ
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ȻƳֽﺬżڽ֮ɫ˵ҵдģ˵̳ͽڼ̫ˣס졣ɽ·ˣɽҪȣɳҲҪ洳ĻС
ããѩ߲ˣˣѩµҲˣҲˡ
̳۵ðͣشŴ˵˵㲻ҪƫҪ档㲻߾ĽҰģϾϻˡ
ܽǲܵģջһ˰ѽǱֻнٶȸˡ
Զķӣ̳ȥ
ôʱ䣬ϵ·ˮʪˡ߲طԼ·ϡ
ſģһ˳ӭӶûС
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ŵǰ﹤˸ǷһԾؿǡ
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﹤ˣðز
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Ȼ˴ҡڵؽԺӡ
ԺӺܴ󣬺ܶѩûֻɨһ龻أԺſڵſڵĵ·ĵطźѩ
ֿʼʹļˣѩôɨѾˡ
﹤ίǷ˺͹үôɨġ
ôܣĸ˲Լɸɾģ϶Լ͵ҵĽڡ̳һӵķ磬ھҸů͵ĵطһȺĲ裬ٺúõϢһ¡
ǽԼңǸ
˵ʱͻȻһǳɫӰεµĺǹһ˿Цݣôؿǡ
Сң֪վ˶ã˶ˡ
Сǽĸ½޵ҲСҡ
Сң̳Ǳסӵĸһ仰˵ղˡ
СҸ硪̳úܿ죬תۻĵЦݣ첽Сȥ
˱˼ﻹȥģȻôϣǸôѽ벻ͨСĵ˵
̳ŲһͣϵЦҲӲˣӲǼһ˿Ц˵Ҳ˼Щ˾ͻ͵ԺѩҲɨ
СôֱߣѾǺܾˡ
̳ӲͷƤ߽ȥ
սݣһ
ǰصŲ衣
̳װµӣ̲סˣ˵ǰ۴е簡Ҳ·ˣ·̫ˣҲ
ô࣬ΪʲôҪʵص㡣
ˣʶؿ˽̳һۡ
̳ɰͰ͵˵ˡ
ң΢΢һЦЦôһɷ̵ζҪ֪ͽֵܣ˵Ĺϵ׽
ڼƣסһʱ䣬תת顣̳˵
˵ˣҲô򵥣һҲ֪顣Ҫǲ˵ʵھ˰ͻȥ˵
ǱŵˣòײȺûгϣɲôԶ·ȥһ룬ͷƤ飬ȿʼ
粻˵˵̳ء
µǽ̳͹ġ



119 ̫ϲ
̳ͱȽۿŽˣĻ»û䡣̳ϲ⣬͵͵żҲżʹ˻ѽźǿӦֵ̳ܳȥ档
ȥ֮󣬽̳ǿ۽硣ۣԺҲҹӸĿ꣬о顣
ʱæŴ̽Ϣܷ̳飬Ҳ˽̳˸ĿģϵԽԽ
Ǹӣϵﶼ򻨴ġ̳Ķ֣ܷõ÷ĴңԵҲ
±֪ˣͿ̳˳ˡΪø仨ƵģԴ򽯴֮һһţʱѽæ§ǮҲһʶ
ֽ̳˽£û̷ڵһᣬһһ򾡵Ļᡣܿˣ˸˵̳˳ˣ͵͵ϣۿĳҲսһԺ
겻Ųæҵ˵ɻţ˵̳ȻģôƤǳ˵ǰпԺź嵽档̼ǣ̳Ѿˡ
ĿһĻ֪жŭ̳ɵˣ£·߶µ˴ڽǰӵؿޡ򶨵飬·˴Žɵ棬Բѵ˵ͦϲ̳ģǼҪͬ⣬ԸȢΪ檡
檣ޡ
ֱǾһӰѽ̳ˡǴ檵ĶģȻ֪ʲôζ޵ҪҪϵҲ檡ɲ㱻Ҳ꣬ɺݺݵس˼ƣ˵ûй̺ܽúӡ
һ£Ҫѽ̳͵ȥú÷ʡ´ӱߣһӶܻˣ֪˵ʲô⺢ҲҪߵ·̳ͺˣźҪؼҡҲûãҪǰߡ
ҸܼСӾһˣֺԧ졣Ҹ类䵽ˣҲŵùûϸ˵ѡһʴ
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ͣˣҲϸŵҵ㶪ˣû󡣡̵˵
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СҴһֻСèOģڵϴȡ
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벻ˡǵõʵݣǮŵúܼʱ˵ҶҺܴ󷽣岻ʱжĺãһӾۺˣȥɻ
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Сң˵Ϸò裬Ҽҷ˻ûͷԵƬ̡
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ֺӶܵſˣ⻰ͣ½ŲŤͷ濴ȥС޺ɫӣɫ䡣



123 ûȹ
СֺӴ֣ܵҲ˲
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Сһֻ־Ų˵һƬɱȻ
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ȥ¥ﶼýҲˣȻȥ¥ȻƣҺͺӷ𣿡Сۿͨ죬һ·Ͽ˲֪жٴΡ֣ɬ۽ǣ˵ôޡ
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С˵أɶɶУţһҲϹ۲Żῴҵ͸ˣҾҪ롣
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126 
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127 
ʣ绹첻죿
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תһȦ˵ԺӲΪʲôסԺӣ
ֺؿڣ֤סϣԺ϶סϡһúøɻϱܸõ
ЦֺӡֺˣЩ̫ˡǰ㿡εģСָҲûȥû뵽ǣĳɹˣϧˡ˼Ȣ˽СүҲǸˡ
׼ֺӼ״ǸоޱȵʧֺӼ̫ˣСֺӺ룬СеǮˣֺӿ˵һƶϴˡʲôûֿӣϴ·û˯ѻЩû˯ѣ
ϵ·ֺӶֱ顣Ǹ㲻ǽѩɶÿġţůĻ¯ӣŵġ
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˵һûźϻת⡣
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Ǯ𣿡ӳ˵
ɻۼҾͲȱǮŪУҹȥꡣҺúøɣۼܳ⡣ֱʮ˵
Уʲôӳʡ
Ҳ֪ҸɾͶˡֱ˵
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ҹ˻ϲǳ
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˵˵ˣһֱվſڵȡ
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129 ǽ
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˭Ҷûм޽ܼҡģ㲻Լţܵʲôŭ
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ҵģ˵Ҳ̫ˣϵļƤ񶼳ˡСԼĸ첲˵
򽯴棬ò˵Ŀѹ
Ҳģȥ⣬ĬĬס֣˰һܵ˵Ż
Сʡ
ҳһģڲô˵
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˵ˣԼＤ˺ð졣Ĳͺˡ
ڴɵˡѽн鷿Թðѽ̳
ոѹȥͰˡܵСôһ֣֮ǰֱˡ
һ˵
浭˵ҼҴòģôׯӣ͵ĸׯӲãҪ͵Ҹǰȥ֪ϲң࿴ᣬԼͣˣڻȵС
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ֱһѴټĴ˵һ顣
û뵽ˣҿͦġ
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ֲһֱʴ



130 齫ƹʹ
ֱҪˣҪ֮ǰص
ѳõĵ͸ֱֽ滹£ĹĵһֱͼѵĴʵ̫ˣ˰촧ȥֻ÷ˡ
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ƴϵֺӣ˵˵·һѣ㶼ûϴУü춼ûгˣǮȥ
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132 Ǻܰ
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ԭһˮҶǴժģԼģÿˮ֮㡣



133 ˵ر͵
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ϳµȥԭ磬ԭڸ˵˸ߵ͵͵˵꣬ԭɫʱͱˣתص
ûãС洩ϲܳ
۾һȥؽеôô
Сرźӡ
ԭ纩˵ݳԷȥ
СźӽҶǡ
ﻹвˣȥʢһ㡣
˵ݸԭһֻɾ롣ԭһмؽӹȥȥʢһˡ
˼˵СֻصҲйϵɣ
š֣һоڲС
һͽ뿪ˡ
ʱֺ߽
ҼҺĶ
ʡ
û˻شʶؿ
ֺӶ˵ʱקһӳӱڵϣϸϸץֺŶţﻹҧһ⣬ͣشš
ذҲߣߡ
ôң
ֺһʱûסѿˡתܣֺһץס־һơ˺ӵıӣӵѪ
ؿţʱ
ôӣ
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ֺͦ˵ҼҺӣʹǱ¡
ֻ̧ҪӣСŽܳͷɢһйһ̳Ҫֺƴ
˭ӵģУôȥ
ֺɫ䣬СģŵûɢСڣСɲСһңͷûУŵðȾܡ
鷢̫ͻȻˣͽ涼ûзӦѪˣýԱվţҪ˸ײˡǱߣֺӸֵ̫ˣһʱἷȥֺ֮ӾͱС׷Ŵˡ
ӻѪԭһֻźӵıӣѪεδ꼷ȥźȥ˳ˮĴӵš
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һ߶һ߰οӡ
˺ܳʱ䣬ӵıѪֹסˡ
Сֺӵ׷սҲ˽
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߹ȥС˵㲻ȥ𣿡
Сˣָֺ˵ҹһΣҾʹһΣ㲻žԡ
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ֺб۾ûʣ
Դϳûٸ˵Ҳȥҽ˵
ڿֺ꣬ĺ⻹ûˣۡ
ġֺӾ档
仰Ĺ˾ʹֺݵøƵģĶ֣ȭڵء
Դ˲֪飬ڰοܵŵĺӡӵˣҲšô޵ôģµرᣬοС棺ôޡ
˵꣬СָСᡣ
С汧źӣȦ˵㿴Цˡ
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Դĺ󲱾ϢƤ棬겻ڼˡ
ġɫ򶨣󡣱˲ֻ֪֪Լ˶һ󣬷ˣŹϵɿֻ֡
ֺӱ׵վְߣԴǵ˵Զһ㡣
ؿֺϡ
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꣬˼ĶȡϵͳҪģСϵͳҪ˺ܾãŵ˼Ķصӡ⣬취ŪЩСˮ
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˵ˮҲʲôĵġҷЩȥûǾܱˡܿԳȥ档
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꣺ҿǼض֣˳Ƕз𣿡
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ҲסˣľڼϢһȥ˵ء
ͷΧһȺˣľ˵رٻˣվڵͷ˺һѴ˶ˡʹˣľˣԹȺڻ
һͱΧסˣЩҲߡ
˭ɵģ̫ȱˣһƬûˡ
϶ǰҹ͵ģԱҲûŲˣ˵Ǵؼˡ
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Ϊ˳Բˣ϶Ϊǡ
֪˭˵ôһ䣬һʱ֮ҵ˼ˡ˵ܳǡǮ˭Ǯ˿ͷѲա
ȿءɨһۣҪ˵ﲻգƭ˵ġΪ˶Y٤ܴӣǰҲһ
ľ˵ͷһƬ磬ҲûжӰӣ͵˵ģûؼ͵͵ˡ
֮˲ˣǶ˵û˭͵ġ
ɫƽҲʲô뷨תԼҡ
ûУ
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ļ˵Ҿ㻹˿Ų˵ذɣ͵˲˻ûܵΣЩҲ˼ġ
ЦãҸ˵ˣڲֲ̫Сġ
۾ζ˵ǲŵģֻΪΪ˲ñ͵Ĳˡ
Źһϣ˵͵һƬ
һΣ궼ˡһС꣬ͷϳ˲ֹһ˫ӡһ֪һ˸ɵġ
걻Χסʱ򣬲Զм̽ͷ̽Ե͵



134 
˵һƬȫǱ˳Űҹ͵ˡ޷ӦǸں
͵ˣһ㶼ż֪Щ͵ģҲȥšľ˵
겻żҪԸҪȥͷţڵͷǸסǶˣһɼ˸͹ȥرϣҹ˯Ҳ͵ˡ
ҡͷʵڼţ¾ͲҪˡľϷȴŲæģʵǸ㲻ʲô
˸ѿƵģ͵ȥҲֲ޷ǰ׻һĻиС˵
ľɲģ˵ֲҲ͵ϹôõĶ
һЩҪһЩ֮䱣ʵľ룬˲ܸõسɳЩûеط£ֻӵˡ仰˵ǲ͵ҲҪ˷һЩģȥɡЦ˵
ľԶſճһƬط۵˵ÿճĵô죿
ʱ򣬿Щõģˮ¾ˡǻ϶죬ȥҲһջ񡣡˵
ľЦˣˣֲĲ
ε˵˵˺öû£ķŵҡ
ľװңҲöˡ
һ£ῪѹϵĴʯͷľҲθڳԷˣ˦ӳ˰̺⣬ͷҲˣġ
ֺҪµأס
ȥԺɡ
ôˣֺӲʡ
Щȫˡ˵
ֺɫܵԺڵϿ˰죬Щй
ֻǰѪ͵ȫſ˵ϣǱ紵ƵġеѾˣɫɫϸø˵ͷ˿һ㡣еĻЩɫطȴҲԶˡ
̫ڣֻһǸϳԿģֻһ˹͵ܺڵϹ𣬸ľ죬Ӱľû̫־ץץòˣڴȾܡ
㽽ˮ𣿡һ˵
ǲ͵͵˲Żģ
˰ÿ춼Ϻϸһ顣γ˵ѡ
ôһ쳤ͦáֺ˵
͵˵ȻˮˡֺĻңҲûôʱ䣬һһõذƳĶֱܴ˵ĸƵĵطȥϵپģҲֻȥ
ֺӲģǿʪСĵȡ磬ϸϸؿȥֻ˸ѾˣȻǻ췦ˡ
׷һ˼
ֺһɥ
˵ֲˡ
ֺӰҧļˡ֪ؾǰһ˿һ
ֹֺӣҲһǴŸֺһ뷨ȴˮһա͵ûһɵģǱ̫ɹ˸ɣǱˮ˸
п˵Ǵ͵ͷֻؿ˼ҵ˳ϲˡ
˺ʵʱ˿ʼ磬˹ΧۡѼӵϣѴҸۻˡ
Щ磬㶼Ҫ𣿡˴ŵʡ
ͷҪˣûؼ֡
˶񣬼ؼԼ֡
껹ô֣ôˮ˺ܺûġˮӣ˽ˡ
֪ˡҶ˵
ӳҲ˵ˣһֿŸӣһֻźӹ硣
꿴ˣ߹ȥӳ˵ɩҪ磬˵һͺˡõͷһӡ
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ֱûи֪Щ
ӳһˣӵġ
ӳмĺӵͷ˵лл塣
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ʱûǣõǷۣһ˼ҿɳԲⶫҪ˵ԭ˰ŪԺƽͷռҲܳԵˣСҲǳˡ
˵еĳԣӵ۾һ۰Ͱ͵ؿӳ
ӳЦ˵ôȥôĵġ
ӳûãСˣҲġ編ƣһظһͷȥ
С磬һлһϲɫˡ
ۿ̫Ƶм䣬СֹǻؼҳԷˡʰһ£׼ؼˡ
ʱģͿĨ˲֬׵ûйһ㣬˼ɫĳߴһվƮˡ
һһֻ첲һӣȶ˵߹µصģT̨԰롣
С۾˰죬³һ仰Ц
Ťſǰغһܡ
СҸ첲ϸһ㼦Ƥ񣬸˸˵Ҫ˵¥ģ˰
꿴Լֵ龰˵ҲҪģ
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С̲סװʲôװܲ˵
˵ǵģǼ٣˲ɣ
˵ôˣ˵ġ˹ܵÿ˵Ҫܡ֪ĻΪءɲǺǵģ仰µС沿Ǻ죬һֻСܡ
Сˣ⻹ǵһα˸ˡСԲҪȥ
סϻˣ滹ڼǡϽѶҲؼҡ
õҪĶһˡ
ȥ֮Сϰ˵ڱš
øƵģԶŵϵζأҿĲС˵
һۣ̱ʾûҪģûô˵㲻ţСҡ
ȥСҡ
С˵֤үûүԺԶһЩ޷˵ڴá̫ɧɾϲͼѪ˰״Ƶģһû
΢΢üõ˵ȻӦʵʵҶӣҶҲܹڴ£
絹ܣ̫ˡ˲ǮǮ˵仰ܴܲδζš˵
ĬƬ̣Ծ˵ǾȻô
СҶһۣ˵ﶼЦ⡣
˵ֻҪĴûв͸ǽ
СЦøã˵ٲĴûҴϢ
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˵Ұôϡ˱ҳԹϡˣ·ϳԵġ
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ˡ޷°ѱȦդ򿪣⣬֪Ƿˣһֵúڡ
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ѿʱ޷ѾͦʱˡϴˣŲæؿʼʳЩǳܿͰʳˡ
ֻССȦ۰Ͱ͵صˡȽѿľͰŵϤʳȫ궯ĽлҲˣ쳣顣
𿪣ǰʳռˣôŪԵģ
ѿһӣʳͷСذʳʳС԰׳̵ٶȳÿһͷʳ档
ƽһֿʼˡ
봺ãͱˣܹׯڡܵգϵϱȡصһߣ˵ܽá
һϣ˺ܴķ磬Ҽһڼһҹ󣬿صܵﴦɨһۣЩȫˡصæȥ֪ͨңܹһǡ
˭͵ģ
͵ϸʲô
᲻ȥǮˣ
Ҿۼǰһˮм̵ģÿϵı鶼ء˰죬Ҳû۸
ǺǷ׷װĿͶ꣬ٲȻ굱˻ˡ
Ŀɨ˵ôϲһ͵ߣһۼǷֲ˵ġô磬Ҳܰе϶˳ȥ϶ڴĸطš



135 Ӧ
Ҹڴҡ
˲ԣէէʣǳɶˣ
ô
ʶ𣿡
ʣӿڳ֪𣿡
Ҳ֪ʲô
۷׷ףȺĿɨȥ˶ڲ²⣬ֻһԡҪȥע⵽·š
ɲߡ˲֪СϢ϶֪ʲô֪ɣʡ
⻰ҲΧ߶߲ˣֻվԭЦ
֪ԭҲ˵ġװɵҲ֪һΪ֪ܸһء
û˵滰ȥ沼ңû𣿡˵
ûаûȥҡ֪ģ̫ã˼ǿңҴɩǾǱܣҾûˡ̾˿һȻ˵ı顣
ѽϾһôģôȻǴ¥ģˣҲּҵĴšҲ㡣Ҫ㣬ҾȥҰô̫ˣŻᱻﵽͷȥ
˼Ҳ㣬Ͳȥˣ¥ģӲôš͡Ȱ˵עһЩҪڱ˵˻沶˼ұûҲöˡ
ߴߴԿۡ
Ҽ治ģһҪؼϴ·һð
ǿһ·һ̲ͣػ˼ҡ
ֺӻϴ·Թôȥôã
ǷˣҶ͵Щʡ
㻹Ͻţ
վûֺ߹ȥԺŹϡְС˵ҹʲô㶼˵֪
ЩͶںԺһǽѣһӾͿˣ˵֪Ҳûð˵
˵öԣҵðѶŲؽҲǸ¡ֺ۾˵
һ⣬ְ§ЦСĸΣŹ⼸죬ͻ˹ʱЩܶܶǮҸ㰡ǸˣԺĸ
Űɵ˵ģ
ֺӣֺС͵СΪֺ͵ܵܵĶֺӡֺӣֻѡ͡
ֺظ˵ģҴƭ㡣
һ͵Ժᶫˡ
Ȼˣֺӣֻѷ硣
հѶȫؽؽš
𣿡
ɫ΢䣬˵ˡ
ֺŲЩ֦Ӱѵؽסϵң˵˵ҺţȻͱǷˡ
װںԺβݣȺβɲ˽ˣվҪʲô
ԺӲһ۾ܿꡣ
еؽ𣿡βɲʡ
ֺ򶨵ػش𣺡ǰУˡҵܵдÿ궬춼ʲˣҲմ˹⡣
βɲתһȦ˵˳ò
ҵܸܵġֺæ˵
鰡Ͼ֮ǰ͵磬ȫˡ
֪˺ܶˡβɲ˵
βɲˡ
ֺӳһ֣Ц˵ûˡ
ûҵ˵
ţǲˡֺ˵
Ǿˣ˵
һЩϣ͵Ҳûá겻Ϊ⡣
󣬼µɽ׳ĻΧڳߣĿʱʱɨӡ
ûͷʡ
·̫ˣһֹȥ
кܳһ·һش
̳档
Ļˣһ㶼˵
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һɵСˣԺ˶С˶Ƶķءһ˵͸ġ
̳ӹһ˿̣˼дˡϧѾˣ޸һ鿴ɽˡ
һСʱǵطˡ
澹Ȼסĵط
ԼֻˣվԺ棬һı鿴ʡ
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ζţ㱻Ѭòˡ̧ס˵ʲôζҲ̫ˡ澹ȻסĵطôɾҲ̵סҪǼ޸Ҹöã˯ߴгԲɽ亣ζ
뵽ʲô˵ˣȫûпǵ̳ĸܡ
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޷չһЦ·ܵ޵ԼֱԺ˵ҰôóģҴСԵûг塣



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Сҳ˳·ɻؿС˵ǹү
һؿǸˡ
Ǹվ·߳֡
СҶԽ˵Ļ޷Ҳˡ
۾˰죬ҲϲǸ˵˭
ţǰȥˣؼҡ
һӣϸ첲ϳġ
Сæǰȥȥˣᡣ
ôӣ濴˵
Сҿ˿Լ첲ϵĴӡ
գÿ˵ӶװҰˡ
һѾˣһӻ˵ġ
Сԥһ£ѾǸǰ߳ȥԶˣҧҧæȥ
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棬๫ˡ
Ҷõ٩Ž档
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˵
Ҳûа취ѽҰ˵ûй̶طҰ˾ȥĶҵ϶˲˼˵٩
쵽˲Ӹ
ȥЩۣǺÿãֲֹϡ
㿴ϲģڸҰ˶ҪԳӡ
ð䰡
ߵǰÿ˶һӣʱסˣ˺öҰ˰
Ƚ˵ְǸùһʣ۲ۣ
ᣬȴ˿˿ġ
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涯˶촽Ա˴˵ۣˡ
ҺһȫЦˡ
Ƕֻۣһˡ˴Ȥ
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ƾɶѽţʲôѽһһ͵˵
Ľˣôû˹ң
Ǹڵأ÷͹ȥ
һ˵һ߶ܿţߡ
˵Ұӷŵ峵ϡ
Ƕ಻˼
ģϢô˼İ峵
ô˵ǿûпװҰ˵ӷŵ峵ϡŲһƬطý档
е㲻˼Ҷ·ģһԵöཿ
겻߶ʮһ峵档
ҪͰĴȣʣô·Ȳ𣿡
ᣬˡ
һ£۾˵ܾĻ
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ȥǰţţߵظں档ˣ˭ûдȤ棬̸ۻؼԺҪôҰˡ
СҸ޷һԴر֪˵ʲôĻ޷쵽˲ӡ
ȥ·Ϻ˳
ߵڣţĶˡ޷ԼǸӣСҵҲˡ
Сһƨߣ̾˿˵ڵˣˡ
Ҳۣȴûбֳ
ǻص˳˵Ҫ˽ӳԡ
˫ֻ֣һɾ·ſڿϣСҸ۵ĺ
óӴ֣ԴЩˡ˶󣬼СˣܿͰҰ˽˷࣬㹻ˡ
һ߸ɻһ߸̾ҿڼｾģΪԲࡣ
ӹҲһꡣ
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Դһ֪СҸڸоöˣǶеˣ۰Ͱ͵صųʳ
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ҴûôҲ֪ôˣ治ͣغˮתۼˮˣǷûáЩסƵƵ濴ȥ
ֹСҲġ
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š˲ø˵ЮһӾҧ
С̡
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Сͷģ˵ʱ䶼ûС޷ûƭˣ˽̫óˣóԵҪˡζæһҲֵˡ
Ϊ̫óԣԵöӹԲһְֻڶϲ뿪СҳԵø࣬˵ſͻ³һӳ
뽯ȥҰˡ
ûꡣ
ǣ۵ˣͲȥˣȥ
Щ뿪֮󣬽걧ԹΪʲôȥ
Ұͦģһ˵˵ЦЦģ˲ٴİԡ
갲ۼֲû˳ԣЪһЪȥ
һ磬ˡһ磬͸ˣ۽档˼Ұû˳ԣҰ˾ΪͳԸʣôƴƴءȻˣЩûи˵
治ȥСҲøɻ˳Ա㣬ݺݵ˯һ˯̫ƣɻ˶ˣҼһ˴̣ǲ
ʹ˻ı죬һҰ˺ɵİӣҰ˻裬Ƿ𷭳ˣܰͷҧ
ľСƳСˣ˵˾䣺ɹġ
СҴչ˵ʦҿȾƣôú𣿡
ľЦòúȣ㳢֪ˡ
ѾƵݸСңôСҡ
Сں벻ԥһ󣬺˺˵ҳһ
ľùƵġ
ľԹӵĿ࣬᲻ʳơ˼̳ӣȵľƶԼġ
С̽سһСڣ˵ģѺѽ
ľЦøˣ˿СҾѺȵľơ
ڵⲻˣûгҲûкӣ˶ΪҪ¶ˣҲһ죬ͻᷢһĸ꣬ʦָڵ̫֪ˣҲܸжϧ



139 Ŷ
ϲˮֲ˺ܶͻԺص죬Ժɻĺ
СҰҰˣпվ͸Ŵܳȥÿ궼ţȥӣΧ˶ĽǵĶӡ
ţ˵Ѿ˼̣ڸڲװޡȻͼֽͼֽĹ滮ûװ
ҪߣȻҪϽ档ԳһֱǷ򳪷棬ߵĶճš
Сң޷һҰˣʱһˣЦá
ҰҲˣ˵ǴؽҸô͸糢
˵ӦóԹҰ˰ɣ
һЦ˵ûԹֻҳԹˡҾúܺóԣӦҲϲ
һλؽңС£ѽѿͺӴˣ˵Ͻҵš
ѿܳʱ䶼ûгȥˣźԵ쳣˷ܡҲܹɣһ·϶ûп޹źڰ׷Ĵ۾ضš
ѿˣͽͻ֣ѺӱȥýѿϢһΪԵʣǻҲ֣ѽѽأ·ڸ˵
ţž˽ҹǵǵ˿汦Ƶ§һӵҰˣȴҲҶʡ
ɺͰôصˣǸոսžӭ˳
ôס棬ͦʱûˣûݣ÷ĶˡӵſԱߵĶ
棬õʲô
ܾİҰǽԼģôһѱס÷¡
ҰˣҰˣҰ˵ɶˣϲˣҸõ֣ɽӿˡҰһ˸ô
ôؿһۣڵҰˣ
ǰЩҰ˶Сڵģæһ죬صᱳ۵ġ廰
ô۵˵һЩҰ˲ֵôٰ۵˿ôá
ǰʵˣ۲Ц˵һˣ˰Ұ͵ͳˡ
üͷ壬Դĵ˵ܺó𣿡
Ұ˲ŰԵ⣬ǵݳеˡԽɵݣʲôɽ亣ζûԹȻϽҰˡ
滹û˵һߵİôԸˣŽ֣Ǻ㲻ҳԣ⡣
ɿں͵ҲǸ˼
ҹʲô˼ȥСȥûʱ㡣ô˵
ɵ۾վ˰죬û˹ȥ˺ǶʮڣȱˮҪ͵ߣýʮ⡣
Ҳȥ˳ͳһ˶ˣһӺһӡ
ۻ˰ɣչӸϵĺ
ۡɵЦ
ô˰ѽлһԡ
ֳ๤˵ͽˣֳͻؼˡ
ȵشһ𣬽ܴ̼ס˫ۣﻹ˵ѽûۿ
ͽæ
һ磬ĬĬȥһӸ
״һ
ôȥһ˵ʲôأڵҰ˸ǳʣְĽӺͰӣԻ²ס졣
ϲۣҵܵˣҵóòóԡ
ԹڵĽӺͰӣͰôϲˣ֯˵ĵˡҰ˲ҪֻҪˣɰæˡ
ɺô˼ôζôֵ˵аɣ㲻رζ
ôһѶĿ˵ԱԣԼԣ⼸Ҵʡġ
ɲһû꣬ôԽԽûλˡ
ôһ˵ҪλСȥ޲ðŵϣÿ㡣ҹүҺԵģСŸȥ
ӺͰȫðôˡ
ſյӣ뷢Ҳ˷
ȥ˹أ鿴еĽȡ
ǰҪģָ˲١
ľʦŵվ
꿴֮󣬳ʦա
ʦһ꣺ʲôҪĽĵط𣿡
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˵һͰĶˡһ˿ţܾûס
꿴һȦһжúƣֻеذǽڿͻͻġ
ذϴСһĵשҪһɫǽҲǣˢһʯңڵĹȡ⣬߿ԿճһطդΧЩСϲߡ湺СѿԼķ档
۾һඥĸо̫̫ԻˣԹ˶ĳһԤУδһǻӭ
뵽Ťͷһܼģ˵ѹүĻһֶ©
ܼҲܼǡ
ֽһˣëʺֽš
꿴ëʣ˵˾ĪĻҪǦʺ͸ֱʾͺˡ
Ȼ֪ʲôʣסʣлꡣ
ÿ涼ۼһЩֵˣЩ·Ҳͣϼۡ
˻ʼ䣺һǸʲôģ
˵ǿʲôС
ǸɶģǲǷݣ
Ų񣬷ٻùʲôģҿ˺üҲûù
˵ʲôĶУÿ˲²Ķһ˵Ƿݾ¥˵ӻ̡
ܷͣԶһЩ
ѳһ죬ڳ濴ÿͽ
⼸ʱ䣬֮ǰĵذשȫ˵һɫʯͷĥɵĵשִĵشשЩԶʱ˵ѾȽġǽ浹ðʯĨˣԵøá
˱߱˵˵˷ܴ㵸ġ
ܷ궨ؿ˺ܾã촽ζһЦ˼Ҫǿˣ֪᲻Դף
أҪ³ӣ۽⿴һӰһͣ
˵ܲٲܲٵ
ҹˣûд˵ĬĬվһߡǽȷŤͷ򽯴档
ôңְߣ۾Цһ
˵Ҳôϡ˽껳˺ضһۣ鲻Խض¶Цݡ
ؿڣһԹ˵ģҲһҵĸܡ
Ҳһ˵
УȥЦݿһǶͣһ
ܷ³˵߰ɡ
תʧڽ
ڿʲô
ڿǡ˵
쳤ӿĶ
ˡ˵
Сܿ챻׵Ժ
·һ¥ͣ½ŲЦе˵õľ¥ȥһȥ
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Ϊ꣬Эˡ
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˭ˣûƿ
СҪʲô
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Уǽϡ˵
˴յһ𣬶ǽϵĲ˵о
ָһ˵Ŷʲô
Сػش𣺡Ŷǹ
˵һѣ˵˾ǻ
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ԣʡ
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ȥ궬죬˲ཷҪԵġЩζ˵ǳˡһϲϣǾͿ벻ˣһ첻һཷ;һ׹ˡཷֻۣرϲһλٳԡһ㶼Բˣŵζӡ



140 ߲
߽꣬
ôԸ𣿡Թ֪ʲôζ̫ϲԣȥ궬ûСˣҲˣЩܹûǮһҲûϵ
˲ϲҲϲ˵
ϲˣһ첻Ծͻϲˣһܲˡ
˵ϲԡ
һԾ㲻
տʼܲˣζ̫ˡҷζرһһˣһ㶼ر㣬ҳ˼ξϲˡر·һٷֻһ뷹ʱ԰뷹ͱˡֻҪһܳһ뷹˵
۾˲ԲˣǲǳƵģԲŽ֣
ǣһĸо˵
кܶ𣿡˵
ţҽ˲٣ʱȥǶ˵
˵ˣǳԷˡ
ǽǡ
ˮòպòЩûܸо˵ʲô
ΪŽȥ档죬˦ֲˡ
˵װģʣһεӰֻ̫̼ˡ
صҵϢȥٸн˷׷Ҳлµˡ
ô˵ҲһҪһӡ
ѡĹϵȻ˵Ժ󣬸ϵˣǵĸ黹ڡ
õظǳģ˻ػɨӭ治һȥȻҪꡣǰô˸ģһѡ
ĸ￴ŮԽԽ˳ۣڰôĵλԶԶس˽档ʲôóԵģôһ뵽ý궼Դס
Ҳӣүѣһ겻ˬ˵
ôѻ㴩ģһѶûУôȥˣҼȲȱҲȱȣΪ˼Ѹ֡˶ǮôرģôһۣתѸ濴Цеʣô
һؿ˸һۣ˰й굱ѣôһٿ䣺˿ģÿΣƬӶÿ
۹ãѺÿ𣿡
˳úÿܰ·ĵúÿôüбۿŽ꣺أ
ʶȤ˵˵öԡ
ҡ
ſ³˹ӭǡ
õϢԳǡ
꣬ЩϡҪݲͬˣ֮ǰ껹ǸСľľһҾߡζ벻޸Сľ
޵ϢΪĺѣ潯ϧԽļò޸һƷأҾԣ˼Ҳ⡣޸һ־ꡣ
΢΢һ㶣ܿЦ˵ˡ
Сľʱ괩Ŵֲѣ˻ͷġ˳ÿΣҲġ
ڲһˣ´磬ӣļҵĹӳˡ
֣ȵ˵þòˣһ㶼û䣬ÿ
æ˵Ȳ㣬ɫǰöˣǰ̫ˣá
˻๧άţܿǰĸоһˣǰߡ
һһ߿Զظ
һۣС˵๫濡Ρ
溦ߵЦˣ۹ⲻɣ
εģһǵһμòã˵
ܺá˵
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ЦҴˣǽ͸ûϵˡ
ɫ֪ˡǧҪֵ̫ѿ
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¶ãĻǴɩǰɩͺˣʲôɩˣΪҽҸؼһйϵ
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Į˵Ҹʲôʲôüģ
ǰ£òԡΪ£ҸĻҲˣ𡣡ػϵ˵
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˵ˡػͷϵıһֱܽӲ
˵ԺٳǰˣҸûʲô˵ġ
ػˣ΢΢ǰסĽŲҶǸˣΪʲôܴһЩ
ǺЦҵǸҾҪԭ㣬Ȼǲȣ˭涨ģҰɱˣٸ˵ԲһȵԭңԲԣЦ
̫ͱˣҪǡػҧɿؿꡣ֪뵽ʲôְѺĻ˻ȥֽ˵಻ţǸġ
˵ţ˵˺棬ߵ˰ѽΧ
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סˣ֪ػĿʲôˡ
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Ц˵ûУԼá
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ϻýпվʹȥ˵͵ǰˡԴ˵˹Ҫԣ;ʹߡݻѯʳʲôʱӪҵԽԽˡ
˵ôȥ
ҶҪ๤ҪǲڣЩ͵ô죿ǲ͵ĶﲻҪô죿޵ͽ๫ˡ
֮󣬽˵ҸѾܳʱûгȥʹˣô˵Ҹﶼ⾭
ǽӣ̫ظ
ӵݵңԸԸ⣬Ƕòȥ治ָ˽꣬˽ꡣ
̫ܰظǶ¡ֻнһ˺ܸˣΪһ򵥵ᣬɫأⳡ᲻򵥡



141 ޺
һҪһϣνԻΪ˽ʡá
Ц˰죺㻹֪ʡأ
ô֪һ£ֻġ
˵ģҺþöûвμϯˣеëëġֹ֮󣬽̾˿˵
磬㻹вŵʱôܸɣ˵ʱƤҲ䣬˭ôۣҹ鷳꿪Ц
ڷм䣬Ľϥ˵棬Щж¡ûɶ¸ɣÿǶĶǣһƣָһ档Ӳʹģò˼˸ˡ˵
ô𣿡겻ŵ˵
ͷȷʵǾӦЩۣЩϲ֡
һϯϣ㲻Ҫ뿪Һߣܾį޺磬˵ʲôıơص˵
˵ŻĹȵͣˡ
ˡһصվ
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ԭǽҵλӺ͹үλ롣
ܼڵذӭȥ
ۣ˭ùܼд
ûǽҵˡ
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֮󣬽ûмػҵˣػҵҲܿ˽ꡣǰ޳˳ɹˣӦúܸӡ
СֹػҵػҵҲˣ֪ܷʲô⡣
ܷ껹ڷû
ŵ߽ѹ˵һ仰
ˣҲƵ̫ظԼܷӱһηŵϣʣ洩ʲôɫѣ
ɫ룬ش
ҲһɫҽҲҪɫܷ˵
˵ţ̫عӴ߽٬˵ɫ𣿡
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СίȦˡ
ϲӣɲܿѽѿ˵
ûޣҾ᲻ͷˡ˵ãһ˵СҸˡ
ʲô֮ǾּˡЦá
˵ҲŶСְȥˡ
㲻֪Ҹ˸ղſÿɿˣЦᶼˡѿЦ˵
СҲˣеǵĿֶǽҵʹ֮ϣҲ̫ˣǶܿʱҲæͶһ͵Ц̫ˡ
ˣ㿴ּˡƢѽҲ֪໱ôܵˡѿСҵ棬Ťͷ״
С߷ȥҪ
ѿˣŽܣﻹ˵ˣ㿴ּˡ
˳˶֪·˵ˣ˵ҪʢЩɾķ˸·˺˳ԣ˵ˡ
ѷ˶˽·˳ԡճţ໱໱Ҳŷˣԭǵϱӡ
֪˶˷ˣ໱˼˵ŪЩˡ
ýȥǣܳꡣ˵
໱Ӧһŷ˽ȥˡ
վſţ洫˵ĴЦ
ǵӣ๫ҶˡѿȤ
СƳ໱һۣŸʲôѶѽ
໱ǿ򶨣ꡣ֮˵֪ҲڣҾͶü˫ˡ
ˡʮ⣬Ц˵
ǻȱʲô뵽ʲô໱۾һ˵ϯһʮζǺȲȣҸʢ
ȡСİ
໱ֻСңֿЦȥʢ
üǵأ
жС໱ߣһƬЦ
໱ʱһſƨɣð춼ûȥ
ǽɢȥͽѿҲҪˡ
СվſڣСһýѿ̣ܲѵðοһ䣺һ϶ѣϾܼˡ
ˣȥɣòԶû߼͵ˡҲζ
ӽСҾͼ޵˼ˣǰĺǴˡ
Ȼ٣Ҳ׼òˡͽֻȥһΣ̴ģϰ̣ÿƷ涼˼۸񡣾͵ӣÿˡ
꣬ʲôʱ⣿
ٵһȣǵȵ졣
Ҳ֪ļԲȶ
Уȵļˡ
ԼţһϺȡϣͽסڽҡڶһ磬컹ûǾСȥȥڳס˺ü졣
лûпţۼһȺˣЩ˼ɹˣ͵ųпһ̽ˡ



144 ҵ
һɹġץŽ֣ʹȻסˣСʣ磬ֺ
ҽŰЦ
ıϷĺ첼£һдšָСҶǰ
겻ҳȥŽһ˳ȥ鿴ڵŵöס쳤֧Ŷ䣬ȥֲҵӡ
һ߿ţﶼܣȰ˵ͳȥɡ
ҲҡһãһܲסԴҡ˹ġ
ЦãվʼתȦˡ
ʱˡ
Ҫ˵Ѿ˹ȥеʣô
ɫأȻ̾˿
һӾɥ˵ã
ǡҡͷ
߹ɵؿ˵Ǻã
ٴҡͷ
һӿˡ
ƺˣ˵ҸˣĿ첻ˡ
˰죬̲סЦˣ˵󷽷سȥǲȥҳȥˣƷúܺãԷˡ
ϲ𣿡
ġ϶˵
ģ߳ȥ
һӻһ㣬ֻվȼˡӻҲڱĵطûбҪУǿϡġ
Χ߲̯λвٲûмģǰ˵ˣٸ˶ųУ͵ųпءЩһͿʼɨ߲̯λһ롣һЩɵˣ˶Ҳ
չ߲Ѿȫˡû򵽵ˣ׷Źʣ컹𣿵õ϶ĻشЩ˲ſߡ
СϲֻҪһͭʱСȥʱʱ˷ܵļǿԵ湺רĿźӡ
滹мСԵģǽ껨Ǯġ⼸ҶͦãΪλò̫ãǮܱ֤һ±ûǮȥ̯Ǯ󷽣ֺǺǵˡԭΪССٰ֣Ǹߣû뵽ô𱬡
ŷС̯λϳ棬һըĩٵףһлǸζˡ
Ҫţ棬ţгɱƬһƬҲţͷƶɵģԶŵţζ
һͣ濴񶼲һˡ
ôܳԵȥ𣿡˿ڿˮ˵
ܣҾϲôԣ̫ˡ˵
ԼǰֵЩ׽ȥ輸²Ƹ棬ֹؿ
ȳҪǲܳԾ͸ҡù
ͷá
ӳһڣ۾һûô
˵ֻ΢ЩǺǣŽζ
Ѿͷ϶ǺΧ˸һһͷһ߳Ըͣ
굹ֵףҲͷ
극ִȥĵط䡣
ֳСѣת˵ʲôʱСһˣͰ档
΢ȣʶؿһۡ
ؿһۣʣҪ𣿡
ˣķѻҪ졣̣΢΢¡ҪиСҡҡλΣظ˵ܲӡҪǺӳ꣬Ǿ͸ˡ
Ȼû˵Ѿ˵һС˵ذѽС˵ǻȥ
죬һֶ˵Ҳҿ۾
ղڸ˵ûע⽯СعͷзʱͻȻע⵽òԾ˵棬ô죿ǲ̫ˣ
ɬ˵˵Щȡ
ֺӺҲسǡ
֪ͽĳҪˣ˶֪¡ô߲ˣ벻֪ѡ
˵ܳʱûȥˣˡֺҲʲô˾һġǮֺӷǳ󷽡ûţǻǮ¿ӵĳ
¿ӰԷ͵سǣҵطС̯ˡϻᵽԼĵطٰ˽ӻȥǡ˳ȥ˳УΪñȽ磬лûпţվȺ棬ܵ
ֺһˣǴĶģ
Ҿסڸ˵ˣֵġˬʵ˵
ֺζЦˣͿ֣㲻
ǵÿʲôֵֵһǮ򡣡
ֺŤ˵س˵û˼Ҳģֵġ
̧̧°ͣ˵ôˣֵܲܶġ
п֮Ҳȥˡ˵ֻǹֵˣ˭ҪެգۼˣСӶϲ԰治ϸ˻ؼң𱬵ģȻļС̯棬Ͱֺóԡ
ûסֺȥһ档ֺ˵Ųóԣһ滹δ˭뵽ֳԷ̫ˡ
ֺӱվڻƷǰԱߵ˶죬ûҪĴ㡣˼ˣƵһߣ˵򣿲һҪءվ㲻ǵ
ֺ˵֪˭𣿡
˭˭Ҷģ㲻򻹲ñⶢŶǶܸһ˿ҲǺǵģͦͦ׳˵
ֺӵıӲˣԱ˵ҵϰĸ磬ҰϳȥŲţ
㣿´һۣû˵һ˵ҵϰء˼ϰսҿûôݡ
˵ţ˻ͷһۡ
ֺ˳Ŀ濴ȥĲЬ˸СԼԿĽֺͷ
ֺܴܵ裬ߣӾҪܡ
Цһһʶ˻ӵĴֺ֣ӵĴӲǰֺӸϳȥˡ
ֺ۴Уϰ׸磬ǸңСϰ鷳
ɣҼöˡ춼ݣƭǮ˶ɵӡЦǿ׳ĸ첲ֺŵûˡ
˰죬ûҵֺӣֻôڽҵֺӡֺӶڵϣϴĲЬԶһ˫Ь۾һգգضųſڣдԹ
ˣôҲ˵һң
˵£ֺҲ˵۾Ķ˵ʲô
˵·ϲ̵˵һ·
⻰ֺӵˣʵ˵˭ģ
΢΢һ˵ϲˡ
ֺʣ㻨˶Ǯ
ӣ˵ġ˵
ֺ͵վ̧־͸һơ
žһˡ
ֺӵһζ֡
ίֱᣬеֺӣҴң
ܼ⣬һ·ӣ֪Ǯж𣿳һ鲼·ҲżʮͭǮֺӷƵģƿڴ
ʱһţԶͣڳеƫŴ
ֺӲɨȥţһˣ˲佩
ֱ˵ѳϵĶжᵽĲֿȥ
ǡҷ׷ʼᶫ
ֱ֮سǣŽװС˵һשһߣֱϤǿųиģʲôûбģ
Ϊ̤ʵܸɣΣһЩҪ¶ǽȥġֵ飬ǰʮԲÿ¶ùǮǮҲʮַͼ˹׵ֱԸҲǱĬз˱仯źˣøӳء
ǰӭӣִˣ
ֱͷ̧첲ĨĨϵĺˮ֪˵˾ʲôȥ
ޣֻһ·ʹҡҲˣ²Ь㣬ҵ˰˱ӵѪù촩·˵Σ㶼᲻øҲҡ
ˡֺͻȻסͣϵһߡ
ɣң޶ܿˣҸ㻹ʲô˼ص¥ﻹܳĺġ
ֺӼһŵĺ£Ҵˡ
͹ø˵һ˵ôҵġԹ޵˵
˵˵׻ûˡֺӲǶһٴһ٣Ķ˵ȥ
ֱͣ½Ųɵس߿һֺۣӺˡ
ǣɨ˸飬ҲûпֺӺӰӡڴߴ٣ֻջߣŹ½ˡ
ܰ죬ֺӲŷſͷԵ濴ȥֱˣȫļŷ
񣬷ˣæֺõ׷ȥͰ͵˵ţҴˡ



145 Ǹ
ĴС¥ﶼ˼²ˡʲôˮȵȣʮʳ͵Ļӭ
ÿΪһЩǳʵ߲ģЩǳųֳġֳܺǵĻӭһӴȥˣ˸ĺӹվſڶ˷ܵĻЦ
һȻСسǣΪ׵һĹӸ磬»׹һȣԵ÷档ߵһ㣬ϴŽĸ˵Щֵ֮ܡ
һǰһţ滹ĸģˡЩо˸ǿ׳̫Ѩ߸߹𣬿ӡ
磬Щ˺˵ʲôС죬ضԸ˵
৵һ´ӣչ¶εЦݣȥ֪ˡ
Ľ
Сطǲмġ˵ɽˮôĵطҲûʲôġڸʱ򣬲˸ǣСط˲ʶٸӣһֽϵˮڶʱֹֻǼ۸ǳֻһЩǮ˲ܳԵ
ֵʲôûʲôöûгԹԼûмĶʱ˺ģ˳ˡ
ԺһˣʣǸʲôط
һָ˵ûǶǸطܣǱ߾ǳСǵӣǴعİɣ
Сط˹һƬĶˣ̧ͷͷ˴˶ʶɨһۣŲףȫİףǲ²ġ
Ժͷǣǳģմع˵вٺóԵĵطˡ
ЦˣǿԵطˣϽȥйһ䣬쿪ϣ滹вٺóԵģ֤ǲС
һлˣ˳ҵ˳С
ｪ̽ͷ濴ȥϡ˵ǳУѰûʲôرĵط
ҡӣ̧ȥȥ֪ˣ濴Ҳ
ｪ˾˵ǲңʱ򣬻ʡôúչҵģɲҪˡ
ͣ½Ų˵ðôѹ㣬һ·ϣһչ𣿡
ȵһȥｪϲ߹ȥ֡
εؿһֲۣҼ˳С
һȥǾͱŨˡô˵أһ˵ζǺлŴζζ֯һ˵ˡ
ｪ۾һһ˵㰡
ζûŵ
ȥ
һߵǰŷǼ̯λÿ̯λǰˡָһԺȥŶӡֵܺȥϾͱһ̯λˡ
̯λϡ
ĹԱһг룬ȻչʾֳĹ˿ǿ
ûϣûһѣζ𡣡
ȳ򣬾úó򲻳١
һֻܳһ飬˿ɲС
ֱг˸СĿ飬Աһľϡ˵ԳԣϾͱˡ
ｪ͹ݣûжԺȥ˼Ƭϡ
ｪھͳˡմ˲֭ҺͷЩ֭ˮҲøɸɾһδ
ѽｪ˵
ҲϣæûԺȥ򣺡򼸸
򣬿ϧǮҲ򲻵
˹ԱԱ˵ޣ̫࣬ÿֻһ
ｪܲǮ򲻵ͲܶŪЩ
˶࣬ÿһҲ˲ϡ
궫ŶӳԷĻԺҲλáｪ˼ڣͱζˣ߳Ա˵أ̫óˡ
Ҳúóԣ룬϶ð˶ĺӡ
ӳһ˼ҿջס¡
ҳͦ˼һϰ塣ԸȥûԺеĹϵ
տʼû¡Դп֮ϰ˶಻ʤ
ֱԺó˴ݵƣһĮù¿¿ϵĺˣæȥҽꡣͽ治ڣϰ塣
ˣֺ˵˲ٺû˵һµءֺѧӣ˼£ͨжǲˡȷϣͻᱻŵֺӽİ峵ϡ
ļֻ̬ȣü¾֪û졣Ű峵ϵϣֺ˵ȷϵģ
Ǵ˵س˶ϡϿǸϡ۸ҲˡϵʱҪпһû죬ǾͲˡ
ˣ϶ˡֺĵ˵
̯һڳǾΧ׷ѯϵļ۸
ֺӺܸˣԼҪˡ

ؿ˵϶𣬱ȳϻҪ
첻졣
ùһϣò˵һпҫԼ첻졣
ΧһƬĬǿҲ졣
ֺӵͷһۣʱǰһڡ
пϳֳۺɫûбɳɫ
û찡Ƿ׷˵
⣬һ϶졣ֺһεضϣٴһϣ䡣
һûġ
û찡
ֺӵˣͲаˣһпϣȫǰġ϶죬ֺ˵ô컨׹Ҳˡ
Ҳһֱ̯Ҫæ£̯ӳӳҪչ˺ӡֺӺߺȣֺǱֳĶִ󣬼ϵǶȥˣ̯λǰûʲôˡ
ֺгϲ죬Ǵʧߣע⵽ӳ̯ˡ
Ҳϵģ첻죿ʡ
ġӳ˵
ղҲ˵ģгȫûģиϿ
ӳһϣ룺ϣӦİɣ
ֱæòżңͽڼʮչˡһϣûʲô飬֪ĸġϵأֺǱߵĶӳҲˣҲԼ˵ϵϻ᲻졣
飬ӳпϡ
һƬɫϵζһɢ
ӳϲüңǿҵġ
գ֮䣬ӳ˸߰˰ˡ
ֺӿȡ
ɶΪʲôȥ
Ҳˣһѣ㲻˵ϱ֤𣿡
ôֺ֪ӷ˵
ۿôѡϵģΪʲôȴǲģ
Թ˵ˣȥȡȡ˵֪ôϣڿɺãôп˶죬˭ȥ
ԼԡֺӶ
˵ţһϣͷ
Σֻøһԡ
˳ԵöǱûапϳꡣ
ˣҲʽϵ˶ܵӳǸ̯λˡ
ֺվһ˵ǲ̯λ̫ˣҰۼҵⶼˣ
̫ɹ÷裬˵ܰɡ
ֺԽԽãԼĲ²ܶԡҪӳ̯λŲһŲ˵ͺˡ
˵ɾ͸ɣȥǱߣӳ̯λŲߡ
ӳźӣ˵ĶŲ
ֱҪæϰڵˡӳһ˴źӣҪ̯ӣʵæֺͦԼ˸ñ˰̯治۵ĵطȥδû۸˵˼
ǱŲҿǸǽĵطͺ̫ܲɹţط徲ֺڵ˵
ӳҧ촽һŭԵӡ
Աߵ˿ȥ˵һ䣺ǵطôãôŲȥأ
ֺӵһۣ˵ҲŲŲ
ӳͰ͵˵ôϣһҲŲȥ
ӳҲ֪̯λãرۡò˶ãϾȫˡŲֺƫŲ
Ұ㿴źӣ⼸ϣһŲ⡣
˵ţֺҲܺԸԸ⣬һѽӳԼ
˴ֱĶԴӱŵˣС۴Ѹ˶ˡЩòƵֺӣ
ʲôޣϡֺһͷźӾҪߡ
ʱһϤһ㣺ɶˣ
ֺӳһ֨һŤͷؿһ
ֱƿֵˣżİ׳ǰ
ӳ촽˼£ƺҪֱ˵ֺӴ˸飬ɤ˵磬ôˣ
ӳڵĻȻȻˡ
ֱӳͺһۣ˺úõģ˵ӣһ˵Ҫ˻ؼңôˣ
ֺɨǼһۣڨЦû£ȥ棬Ӻеҡ
Ӽֱϲ̵ܹȥȻ·سֱ
Ȥؿţֱ˵û£ϣϳ
áֱͷСӳ˵˾ʲôӳΪѵ˵ʮϾȫˡ
ˣʰһ»ؼҡֱ˵
ӳתȥʰ
ǡڴʱ˹ϣӳ¶˿
ֺӿ˹͹ｪҲ߸Ļһۣ;˵ݲһ㣬ϴ·ҵ񣬻ͨɢĹһжڱ˷Ǹݡ
䵽ֱߣʣ磬ЩǸʲôģ
ֱʵҡҡͷ˵Ҳ֪ҶǹһЩ
ֺӵ۾˲һ͵͵ֿ˺üۡ
ſţｪͻȻ˹һ˵˵㿴ʲô
һۺѹȸУŵֺһӣջߡ
ʣ¼ûȥŵϡӳźҲֱֺӴкˡ
ôһǮˡ·˶˵
ֺЩĲɣһֱĥǼ˵ݡӳˣҵҲûȥ٣ҵϲѾڼϴˡ
·̫ˣߵȫĹͷҪˡҪΪ˿ʣðƥңҲᵽƵطｪſһͨԹ
Ӽ˵˵ڿջţҪŹˣǵģ˵ʲôã
ֱһߣ˵ˣ˵֮·ߣϲȥҪԼȥ
˳ָķ򿴹ȥｪһ˵Ϊʲô벻Ҫסôߵĵطȥ
°ڣȥ
綼ˣｪҲ˼߿ֻ࣬ں档
ӳźӣСĵ濴һۣСԱߵֱ˵ʲôˣ
ֱ˵ʣҵﲻ˽¸˵˵ݹ󲻿ԡ
ӳˣˡ
˶࣬Բ˵ĵطֻðɻѹȥںߡ
ԺŴ󿪣ԺﻶЦ
Ժ˲ٹȻûнӣȥҲдеġЩ˲ٻ۷ڻԼ裬ԱһƬɫ֣ȣȫӴģٿˣٲشһ٣һСѣӨ͸
ȣڻ



146 
ӣ̬еڻ档ԶԶؿȥ˱Ȼ˾ޱȡ
ҲڣӣСңѿͳڴ齫ơԱ߰һŰСӣгСϣͨͨƻвˮĵȵ
ˣһμôÿģ۾ֱˣǾ֮ɫ
ｪҲ˺üۣ˭ܲ˶
п˵ֱ
΢̧һЦؿ
ֱߵǰͳһ۵ķֽ˳ֵݸƥ˵Ǵҽģ˵㿴֪֮ˡ
ｪסһ˹ע⡣
ｪŤͷӳǷ𣿡
ǰӳͷһ˿棬֪Ϊʲôʡ
ｪЦ˵Ҳ䡣
һ˶ѾмˡݣȻǿȢ¡뵽ľɢȥػƽı顣
һ£Ǵһ֡˵
ֱε˵齫ҪǿҪ
Ҫȱ˵ˣϾӮˡ˵
СҲӦҪӮˣֻҪҺһѣǵǮӮˡ
ǶӮôˣһô˵Ҳֵ˰ɣѿŲæ˵
ɨһۣʮ˵һ˭ݰһӮġ
濴ֽϵݣüͷȻüͷɿˡ˶ˣ˼ָյҪǣǾͼвСûӭ͵˼ָָһߵĿ˵һ·ˣȿˮʰɡ
ʣʲô
齫ġ淨ġ齫淨˵һ顣
ȤｪҲȤ
˰Сӣ˸Сӣһһ˽ѿȫǾ۾ؿ
ˣӴЦһ˷ܵŤˣúʵĴƵǰġǡЦ˵ǮǮ
֮һֱǮӶˡһ֣ǿྡˣ֮ǰǮȫӮˡ
ͷЦЦҪѿˡ
һ־͸£˭֪˹˵һ֣һûпء
һ֣Ҳ棬ܾû齫ˣҲҲ档Ȧ˾ˣЩδ򽯴棬ѯ
û˵ǸڽԱߵĹｪ˵һ֣Ҳû
Ҳͷɡ
˵꣬ݸｪһϡ
ｪ۾գؽӹȥ۾齫ϡ
ÿ˶һϣǳٽ档
ҲȥˣԵ߶Ǻ֭
ӳͽߵһߣСʣЩ˵ʲôݣ
ؿһۣûи㡣
ӳ˵˵Ҳ֪
һصسЦЦȻָָ졣
ӳ¶ֻö˵֮ӣġ
Ǻ˵ͨһɽˮġ
ӳ£ĵӳȥ˵ˣǣô죿
ǹһЩҪʲô˵
ӳɫ֣̿˵һ䣺װ֪ǵݣʲôʲô
áӳʿˮ˵
ִһȦ齫
Ӻܴѧǳ졣齫֮һѧһߴ򣬵һȻˣǮࡣ
ӮСңСҴֵ˵ǮǮ
ͭǮĿȡǮͳһӷϣĿ֮ࡣ
⣬˶һ
Сҵɴ۾˵Ҳ̫ˡ
ûͭ壬״Ǯȫ˳
˳ǣ룺ǮҲô԰ڰ
Ƚ㣬Ӯٻҡ
󷽵˵
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СҿͰ͵ؿ򽯴棬ֻýλãҲȡ˽ѿλá֮󣬿ЦŶһۡ
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˵СطˣֱѪҺ嵽ͷˣȼֽš
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סߵСңһˡ
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һ֣򶨵ĹЩԾˣղԹｪ̫ԣ˿۾ضϡ
ϵļ˫۾⼸ϡ
ָݽ˵еϲˣ˾ͻ񫡣
ָŵڶ˵ҲݽҳһζģûеһͷԶ㡣
ָŵ˵ĭԼģϲ˿԰跹ԡ
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Цõ˵ҧһ㣬ȳζвУ
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˵ҧһͷ
Թˣ֮˵ڵĵģ΢һʳ󿪡
ｪһҲĿתˡԹһ˵ζϲ
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ԹϵˮζȣҡӣԺ
СҺͽѿȥˣÿﶼһֻｪΪǶǻԼˣû뵽ʱֽˣÿ˽ϵЬӽЩ㣬ģЩǱȴһֻͲ۾Ҳġ
ˣ׽˶٣Сҷ˷ܵЦ
ѿҲ˵¹꣬ϳ˺ö࣬Ҷ׽ÿ˶ջ˽磬ȥñȽ磬׽ûҪࡣ˵һҪ
Ժһľ裬ʢˮ
˰ͲĶȥýſ濴־ϲ˵̫ѸˣȻ׽ôࡣ
ｪҲȤܹȥĶһСеҲ̫ˣʲôѽ
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Ǿˣʾٳһ衣



147 ɵ
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ʱｪ͹߳
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ｪһ죬˼˵ǰ׹ղˣ
ô᣿ϵЦⲻ䣬˵֪һܿġ
ϲڶݵȻ֮ҲѸٵطӦ
ͷһֱ۵Цݡ
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ϵصˣͷվǶѲӡæӭŵؽһֹ
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ｪЩ֣վڵͷϵľٶŹۣͿϵص˶˺ˬһҲ
ˬ죬ȻȴֳԲ˿ˡΪϵأ˲·˵˲ٻͿڿˣϾͿУһӶûС
ôϣǼҲԲꡣʣµϷָ˹·Ĵ񣬴л漴˵ػؼˡ
˸Źｪ͹ȥء
Զ֦ͷϣԶԶؿȥͦСĴפ㣬쳤￴

ˣһˡ˵ʱһ㣬Ǹ˵ζͱˡ
͵˼ѽ
˵ţͻȻŲŤͷһꡣһȣضȺ
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Ժ󻹻ġ˵
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ҪǻصǣͳԲôóԵˣ;ź
꿴˿ͷϵ̫˵ڻ磬Ҫȥٵĵطһߣ
̫ˣǻȥɡｪĨȥϵĺˮ˵
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Ҹҵܵܳ˼ȥֺ˵
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ֺں溰Сң֪ĳˣͰæɡ
СһǸꡣ
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Ҫ͵ģǲܳϵġｪ˵
ı֪ˣɵġ϶˵



148 ǣ
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뿪ʱġԿ˵̬ϣ˵ݲһ㡣˼ҴϹϵκ˼ѹҲֻȥˡ
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˵꣬һ򽯴档
ϵıǳ΢Цõ˵Ǿ͵ҵ۰ô߿˵Ļ
ｪһν˵ġǲסһҪ뿪ģѣ֪ǸֶƷУһЩ²롣
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ģҶ
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ݽצ̫óˣｪһ롣
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ޣðɡ˵
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149 
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ÿлͺͬǰѳϵĶᵽĲֿЩ飬ʱҪСġ
ϣ׼ȥϹջ·˵ˡ
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ˣһˣûԷɻˣ
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ѹɽӲͷƤ˵ûţҲû˸ԡȸҸطԷ
СЦ˵
£ŵӿȥ
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ǱƭˣǶ֤ˣ֦ͷˣϧҿﶫҡ



152 Ǯյû
ȥ쾧˵ʲôûˣǰͬΧм䣬رԴڵϣͰ͵˵ˣ
ܷꡣ
ܷߣ˵һ䣺
쾧˵б۾ΪִˣΪڽ֮һ̣װ׸˺ü졣ɶǣȻҲС˸ƭˣȻ˻һȡ
ַ꣬ҲǺģȴˡ
˭뵽˴󵨣̫ظ˲˵ֱӴҲǳһ
ղŻ쾧˵ˣתۻ˸ɫһ쾧ɱġ
쾧ŵ̱ڵأתۿ߸ϵܷ꣬һеȥֱסܷȣ޵ˣҶǰķԸģɲܲҡ
ܷģȴ㲻ȥͷһӶؿڿһֻӣ˵ʲôʱȥַ˺๫ˣ
㣡쾧һ㵵ؿ
ܷһһ߿˵¼ĶҲƭ֪ˣҾͲӦ㡣˭֪˴Ȼַ˺๫֮ĸ顣
˺ܴ쾧Ŀϡ쾧ŭ֮£ǾȻѪܵĴ̼̫ˡ
ˣȥʮٸϳȥܷ˵
˹쾧ߡ
쾧ͬɥ֮ȮڵϡȻؿ֮ǰͬ飬Ŀⲻɨվһͽ棬ﲻȼһ˿ϣþֶңַˣкã֪ˣû취ұѡѽ
Ͳ˵Ǳܷȵġ
⻰һЩ˵ı˲ˡ
ܷȥܻ˵͸Ҷϣټʮ壡
쾧ͱסʱˡ
ܷǸ˵Сɱˣһԩ๫ҸϵòȰ㣬ʱ๫һˡ
Ц
˵ô˵๫˲檣
Ҷ֪๫ʮ෿С檣ò绨ܷͽЦ
ЦԽ;Խǿ
˵㲻ϲ๫๫Ҳϲ㡣Ҿͺϲ棬۾Ҳݲˡ˵
ܷһЦˣ겻˵ѣһ˵ʹʹ
Ц˵Ҳˣ๫˼
ȵ˵檣
ί˵ҵȻ룬˾Ӧø檡
˹Զ㣡˵
ܷһ칷˸߿ˡ
ȥܷͿǾԶ㣬Ƕ˵ġ

꿴˿ܣʽ棺㻹Ҫã
Ҳûã͸˴ǹսˡһƣ˵
Ǿ߰˵
ʱߣǸܷĹڣϾ̫صĶϱȼǲ̫ӡ˵
㲻ۣҶۣɽãûô¡˵
һ£˿ĸԣС쾧ô¡
ˡľ˵һ顣
ȥҹ˵£Ҳ֪
껹˵кöط˴ˮضˮˣľϰգûеطסҲûжԡ
ۻˣ˯²֪ôģҶ֪ѿ޷Ҳڣ۾иˣʱһûãѿˣһưˡýѿѹǮ壬ˡ
ɫÿ˵ôˣڿ˵˯ˣܷϺܶ˶ʩѹҰսҵʱﻢ£ҿüʱ
£ҪţԶԲ¡ֻҪңЩıı˺㡣˵
˰һȵ˵Żв˰Ľ
ģˣ˵һӽؼҡ
·ͬں档
תԽԽ
ǲл˵
·˰죬˵ңкãܲҸˣȥ쾧
겻˵·ϵĺˣ˵쾧ǺöǰǣǱϾǴһطģ䵽زȡһ㶼ֻͬ뿴һۣԺͲˡ
ͷѹܼҽйѯʡ
ܼЦ˵ʮ꣬ͶȥˣӦںŵ档
ȥ˺Ŵ
վûȥ·ǽȥˡ
쾧汻ˣ·ȫɫѪԲѵԾǶвèʺ
洫ѹֵĿҲûнȥһˣȥǴǴȥ
ֻЩʣµľҪ쾧컯ˡ쾧ԼѡǾҪеĺûбѾ御ˡ
Լӽ档
ĽĿͽһ˭û쾧Ѿҹȥˣ˵˻Ӱ顣
˵֮ҡҡͷ˵ǻ̫ˡ
£ִҪɽôסֻǻȥˡýӦɽ֮ǰһؽҴˬشӦˡСɽ̫ˣûкôͺòţҪǴ£ȻҪԽ
Ϊ˽룬ߵúֻҪ˵ͻͣŽ浽һߡ
ƽƽػص˵Īڽѿ޷ȥ棬ڷһ磬ֹ֪˵ʲô
ʽ棺ʲôĵô𾢣
ʱ򣬵ϵŹƤͻǣϴɾ͹ˮҲԵøɸɾ
գգ۾Цӯӯ˵ܡ
ڼңѿߡһһѿ
֪쾧ָһ־磬ѿ˵ҾӦöƣǡ
С˵ж񱨣ðΪ˻ȥò޸һȳӡ£Ӧûʵˡ
ؿһۣ˭˵ģ
·ͬ硣С˵
·֣ѿ޷ͬʱü
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ѿû˵޷˵
޷Ц˵·Ҳʲôˣԭ쾧õøһƵġҸѿ׶ôүĴ
Сһðɣǰ쾧һΪǸˡ
ɫƽ֪ǺˣԶһ㡣ĻټһҲĶ֡
·Сҵ壬ܸϹϵֻҪ濴ԸŪ̺ԺͲˡ
Ǽ˶һˡ޷ܽ
˵޷ϵ¡
޷ЩɬҸʲô˵ģֻûһƲء
Ц˵Ҽ˶Ͼ
ȥ˵˵ĳƷǳãٹȫջˡ
ͷмС棬ڵæµһָͷһεӡ
ͻȻֱЦ˵𣿡
ӵСŵܳԶ
ûж⣬߹صͷ
¼ӵ˵Ǹǵġ
жĺҡҡͷ˵
ûְһãĸɾҧһڣζ֮ȱһչʾǿº͵˵ǿҶˡ
ӵ۾ˣÿ˱һˣҧÿ֨֨졣
ɢѰκõӽһŽؼˡ
صͿʼЩˣͷò˵ɾҶӵȦϴɾгϸ˿˵ģľ˸ɰ˿
æµ˺ü죬ε飬ǿ˳ɹ
һˣ߸˵ػﻹһӣص˵棬²ʲô
С£ǸûгСġúСҺͽѿҪæȫܾˡ
ҵĵһӣϣĵһ·ġظŶӣɢŴȰĹԡ
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ˮ۾˵Ҳ²Ұɡ
һͿסˣǰľ˵ǰɰǡ
Ծؿȥֻһ鷽һ׻ɳĶ
ܳһ𣿡
ôܣЩģȸɾֺóԡ˵
óһЩ棬Сͷһڣ漴۾һϲ˵š
ԺͨҲܳԵˡϲõ˵
˿ŲۣȫǱҶӿԸţԣǹ˳ĲҲιԡǲֵǮɰǾ۱ˡ
֯ȥȫջԺѳ˵Сɽ塣ѿ޷ȵȣÿ˶зֹиеͷβģиϴ˵ġ
Ƕ֪ڸʲôÿ·ſǽͷ˰죬ֻԺææµµġ
ҶӱӽȦȦ˽ۣιڵġ
һʮʮ١
ΪιڣϢܿ촫ȫ塣
Ǯúûš˵֮ҡͷ˵
ֺӸ˵˭˼Ǯأ˼Ը̣ӸԣҲָһЩҵĺֵܡ



153 Ӧ
⼸ңǲιˡ޷˵
ôشģѿ˵
˵ǰǾ˵ϧôõĶι̣޷˵
ѿĨĨϵĺˮʰɾԺ˵ûˡ
ճȭᴷ
ôһССģԲӰǵ߹ҡҡλεС죬һ˵ϡ
ѿѺӱߵĲ˵ʲôˣԵøСƵġ
ģҰôָָֺŲԶС˵
Сһ̵Ĺ˵˵ˣóģĲˮŶ
˵ˮǰĶȵİ׿ˮŵҶӵҶҶġˣһǷŽˮ棬ͨĲˮҲø
ѿź£С˵ԶˣѾֵòˡ
ǳԣɿţôУСȻ˵
Сڽѿϣϵĵֱˮ
С˵
СʱüЦ쳤˫֡
СҰӹȥ
ѿСƨһ˵֪ԣҪԳһӡ
ʲô򣿺ӶԶɵˣҸ߷ȥСһźӣ˵صŽѿ˵
һ˵Ե㣬Ժ󳤸߸߳׳׳
ӱŵģЦۡ
ſڣﻹһСС
СпѺӷŵϣվ˵ˣôһˣ
ǶڣһڼҲû˼СݸСңѣӦ֮ǰϴÿѶˮӨӨģ˼ˡ
ǰҶڳԵģ¶ĵЦݡѿ޷æվø
ѿ˵ɵע㣬ڲһˣȥһţһҲ˰æ
ߵúµġ˵
С˵ѿ˵öԣԺŽҡ
˭뵽Сǰųţž͸ˡ
СҶ˶٣˵㲻˯ҿ˯˲ųŵġ
û˯ţܵǡ˵
޷գգ۾ǵǰɣ
ʲô϶ǵǹүСҸһһͣ٩档
浭˵ҵеǱ˵ĵ
Ŷѿͬ˵
Ц
ӲԣҲŸЦ¶һڷ۵ĿǻźϲˡּĵǺˣСæıָһȣ֮ûûεؿˡ
￴˼˵үʦһֱ𣿡
˵ͷ
վ˵ҽȥ
СҪܾˣЦ˵ûô
괩һɫСӣϵļĵø߸ߵģר־ؿŹﰾƵĶ
ľջƵġ
߽ǰ۾ӦһſĶ
ľ۾⣬ȷֽˣһߵꡣ
æĶת˸˵ôˣ
ǺʪܵģɫСǰ涼ˮʪˣóһӸ˵Щˮ˾ȥ͸͸
֪ˡϵصͷԼ
۲ۣ
Ҳۣ۵ʦЦ˵
ľһ칷ԾĻ˵Ҿոʲô
ýȥ˵ĵط̡
ĥŲߡ
ľ˻֣ϲӬƵذǶˡ
Ƕȥһ˾ܸɡ
ͽȥˡ
˼ѣֺһˮֽȥˡľľҲ͸͸
һֱæϣŰе˶ˡƳİ̴ֺ͵ĳǰڵϣһӾˡжپȥ٣ǵų˳ӡ򵽵ϲ˺üʱӣȴûİǡһ컹Уʱ䳤˾ͱˡ
û򵽰ǵΧס˳еĹ¡
а𣿡
һʱĶӣֵˣûˡ춼˵ô죿
ԸһǮѰóȫҪˡ
ô࣬Ͳܶϵ𣿡
򲻵ҾͲˣϾ˯ǿŰɡ
й˿Ǽı飬µӶҪըˣԹ˵죬˼ǧֻ۷䡣֪ȵģǽŵģһŵĺЦ̫ҲǺ¡Щ򲻵ǣۿҪˡ
Ұһ£Ҫ˫ѹѹ˵ķˣϾˡұ֤һžаҽû򵽣һ򵽡
㣬Ҳô˵ġƭӣ
һӶûͬǹ˿ͣǸǲһ𣿡
Ҫǣ
¿಻ԣֻȰסǣȥҽꡣ
ҲˣظϹ˵˵ǰµ˸Ȱˡ
¿˵ǵ̫ˣÿųɳӡЩ˴̫ûһֱŵ̫УҲû򵽰ǡǹȥˣô죿Ǳ֤һ򵽰ǣһ컹򲻵ܻ˺ҡ
ԼͷͺˣҲûһð취
˲ϣųɽϡ
ոհһǡ
֪ˣ¶˾ȵı顣
һƨ棬һࡣð죬¿յĲƣ˵ˡ
ǳ£²
˵Ϊǡ
˵ǵļ۸񲻹ôҶܳϰǡڿ̫ˡЩö࣬ΪԼҳԣΪԸߵļ۸ȥǳԵ˷򲻵
ԣ̫ˣÿ춼ųɳӡ϶ٻ򲻵ǡ˵
Ǿ޹ÿֻһЩǣܵǼ˵֡һ죬ͬһǣǾͲˣΪܿǵǵġ˵
Ҫ취Уô죿˵
ȥҲǰ취Ϊ˻Ϊ棬ЩͶǣǵ˻ǻ򲻵
ε˵Ǿֻ߼۸ˣо߰ǵĲгİǱˣǾͻְᷢǲݳƷʱٽͼ۸ˡ
ȡ˾ãԷʱ룬˯һȥιǻء
ֺÿһĶߡֹһǷ磬˶̻ץסʶġֺ̫æˣܣ²סֺӱˣǾȥӳ
ӳ֪Ҳֻ࣬˵ֺģľͲ֪ˡʲʲôǲŷŹǵζŴѴѵǮƽ˿ڴ˭ܲۺ죿
ֺӼҵż챻̤ˣЩ˲ǵģֺȥģʳôġ£ֻ֪ǴŪģôŪǶ֪
磬ȥ϶㡣
Ҫƣһ𷢲ǰǲԣ͵˼ֵˣΪǻΪܳأǡҲй𣬳˵˵㣬Ҳûмаǡ
в˶ΪǴ泤ģǿ涼ǰǡ
ֺΪΪιû˷ʳúõιʲô֪Լжɵôûõ¡ʱ˵ΪǡǶˣİѰˡ
ȥǰˣǵų˳ӣ򲻵ǵֱֵ˵Լ첻Ŷˣһʰǵļ۸̲סĽʺޡͬһôģΪʲôʲôܳɹ
ԽԽߣü϶˯žڴϷֵȥĥ͵͵ǸԺЩôģȻ«ưǮһˣʵǳпᣬֻԺơ
죬ֺס޷
ô˲ŻؼѽЦе˵
޷ﷴӦ䵭šһҪƿ
ֺӳһ磬һζס·ʣ벻뷢ƣ
޷ﲻˣüͷʣ㵽ʲô
иƵĴǰͿ벻뷢ˡֺζ˵
޷˵лֱ˵ҪĨǵġ
㣬ʱԱ߿𣿡ֺ˵
ûУǶ棬ֻʦ档ôģҲֻ֪˵ǵĹ̺ܸӣһطãпǡ޷˵
ֺЩʧǲĵʣһ̶û𣿡
ûУҸι򡣡޷ҡҡͷ
ֺ̾˿ϧ޷˵̫ɵˣأǻΪжãƽʱжµġҪǺãΪʲôǵķأ
޷û֨ҡͷԵˣ̧Ųߡ
ô˵ղ˭ڸ˵
޷شֹĶ硣
ʮۣɲܸͨһô˵
֪ģֹǸˣֻǼѵʱԸǣƾҲԲͷ˵¡޷˵



154 ̥
ϵͳһҪӡ
ϵͳҪ٣
˵һĿϵͳԱˡ
ôĵûеأĶ֣
һ֣úֵܰһ֡˵
ϵͳ㾿мֵܣ
˵ȫ˶Һֵܡ
ϵͳǴũϵͳ
ʹ˵֪㲻ǷƶϵͳΪϰǵļһƬҶӶûҲ˵ӡũû˿ɲУ֧Ԯһұ֤´βˡ
ϵͳĬĬһӡ
Թżš
ӳȥ
״վеضĴӡ
ԹһһЩ˵ӣ
ͷ˵˭ҪǮһӾһء٣ԼŰ죬ҪСӣһЩ˲ǿ˻ٽѣͲˡ
򣡡˱ʾ
˴ͷǷ׷Ӧ
ǮӣЩ˸߸˵ػؼˡ
ֱӳҲӣѰ͸ǣ߸˵ˡ
һȦصֺ˵ǶȥˣЩѾˡ˶ҪǮɩ˼Ұ͵ġֵͬܣҲӦðӰ͸㣬Ҫһˮƽıˣ㻹Ͻȥܣ
ֺ£ֺȲȥ˰ôôǺģΪ棬ֻӹáֱ꣬ȶĹһڹġ˵ˣȢ˸׸ҵ֥鿪ڽߡ
ֺ˵ô˴ǮͰǼȥʮ˸С̣úõźҵַſڵĺ
Ľǣӷ֮ûаǽӹȥһסǹźĺ
ֺô˵ȻüЦŶӵ˵ߣܵȥ
أ쳤濴
Сһվſڣ䲻ȵ˵үȥˣԵһ£ܿͻˡ
ֺӵǺڣǵԼңˮͺȣľͳԣһĵӣ˵ôҲԣ̫óˣ춼ܳĵġ
ûã˾Ͱһ̵ĳˡ
ֺһ̣߰һ߸С˵еٸһ̹
Сң
ܳԡ
ܾܾҲ뿪ܡ
ѿſھСæһ˳ѿΪźӣ·һ㶼죬Ե̵ġ
ֺС˵Ǹû׾ʹӵѿڸнѿˣϱһգӶġ˵ϱ޷İôרչͺӡ
ϲǵĿˮһĵ˵һЩɲˣû׾ˣҲ鷳
˵ĲֺӴչѹøˣ˵һˣ˸ѪԵϵҲ͵
ϵɫʱͲÿˡ
ֺӿﰵ͵Ц˵ôˣһҲûнǹǷסһʺһأôôʵ˺
˵Ͼ˭˵أͽȢϱ˰ôûİ
԰ֺ˵
Ƕ
ֺæˢһøжȣҸһҼƹϣҶóһҵԡǳȥҪҲʡһ룬ûǡһȣҲǸ춯ĴТӡ
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СЩ̲ס˸ۡ
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ֺӾ𣬵˸ʵµʱ򣬻ÿҹүġϸˣź̫̫ûи̫̫ȴ˸̫̫Ĳ
ֺϵ֣Ҳۺ˵ôңһ첻̫Զˡ
ˣ̫Զˡ
С²۵
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СҴӣԹԵ˵˺档
ʹûУĺɾǸ϶ŽӵƷ⣬񿴵زūƵġ
ûʡ˵
£Ҷôʱ򣬴Ѿܿǲɾˡ˵
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죬û˵ֺӾȲ˵ΪӶɰǣǾֵ㡣
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С˾̫Сˡ㶼ôǮˣЩСʲôҪôǮʲôˡ鵽һߵϣֺӻһת˵Ѱô͵ӵʮźǡǰϴš
Цʮ˰ꡣ
˵ӸˣֳʲôˣͿԼŬˡṩģӻԼ취
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˲̫Сˡ׶磬㰢ôӣͲˡȻվֺһߡ
װôģҲûһѽּҵʱҲûһ᲻ûеطס˵ϾͰҸϳȥˡǶˣҲûбԹǡ국˵
ֺ룺ûԹһ÷ּ˵£ƫƫ
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Ϻֺȫƻˡ
Ҳ̫Цˣûжܳԣ̵ģԲ˻ҪСЦǰϡ
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Ҳ̫ںү˰ɣʲô¶Ҫ飬ҿСͷ˵
һ¡
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СǰߣһͻȻӺ֣Ѻ׼һ
Сҵɴ۾໱ºݺݴһ£Ҫˡ
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ôҿĵģСҾĶ䣬һȭߡȻˣ󡣶໱˵Ƶġ
໱װһµӣǻǷЦݡСҿˣˣСȭͷøˡ
໱ӴӴؽлţǱˣһ˵ˣٴҾͻŶ
СǺüȭﻹŵ˵㻹ְְһ֣Ҳ
˵һ룬໱Ķʹȥˡǰһͱ໱ܵ˺ϡ໱ǰ壬ߵľɫǰһŵ۴໱شЦγԱȡ
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155 һ
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ѾȥˣʶôˣûһŪһͷġһ˵ֻб߾Żţ򡣽ҪĻһ·;̫ңԶһͷܻһС룬ɱȻ͸ˡ



156 һֻ
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157 
⴮ǶԳëܿܣҵȲ˵һлԺܡòץסˣҪ˺ס͵˿齳˹ʱˡ㲻Ū⴮˺ѷεл˴Χ۴
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·ԼѡģܵģΪںͲǸöΪ飬ͻһЩ˵



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ŵߵߣ洫ǳÿӳǽ
һĶŵúᣬ滹Ǹоˡ۾էȻǰꡣΪУŵ۾
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첻ֹүĽˣŷһ˸˵𡣽һȵ˵𣿡
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̹ҲЦݣǸܹүȣô
ƲܹүôֹܸүȣûƼүܹүˡүܹүڣ˵ԲСײġҶ֪үĺôģֻСӲϳ϶ѡ
Цˣм˵ʲôˣҿ͸˵ˣ˵鲻ǺˣҵĻҵӵ·㿴ڣӹʲôӣɻ



161 ͣ
-Ϣܿ촫
Ϊһ֮Ҳϲ֪ġ
֮ǰҲ˵һҲ׼
һˣˣʲô׼˵
ô˵ɽﵽ·ߣҪǰ˵ˣҲһȥֵ˵
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ˣɵˣֻƤһͷȥɵ۸ܸô࣬ǿϡҪ֪㣬֪ܳ֡Ȱ
氵˿ͽΪмѹ



162 ־
˵Цȥ˳С
ǰҲˮ࣬ǾɨԵüƽࡣǰееߡߵģһǴС߸ض顣
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滺վ˵㵱ǽҺ۸˭߾ܰ˭ߡ



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ϻؽĳӣһͲظԡ˼ٷѳʣµķԡû죬ͷԼĸʧ



166 ô̼ѽ
ұ쳤֣۰Ͱ͵˵
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Ц˵Ǹɲܱȡ
ʱ꺹ˮ߽
Ըȥ׼ԡõˮһ߸˵ôͻȻҪϷˣ
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һȣʶĸʱЩɨΧˣü˵ճĸˣһԼĶ͵ߵĸоصؿһ˵ȳȥ
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ǹ֮˼Ҫ˳ֺüǣһӾܼסᵽǣǾͻǣͷʹȥˡ˵
СңһʡСҽеǰ˵
Сҿ˼˰죬ﻹǿտյģ˵֪ʲôѽ
˳ҲС˵
ͽţǰɣʾдóԣĸоѿôһ䡣
óԣġ˳˼·˵
˵̫ˣһźüǡ
ҪҲ̫ˡ汧Թ
ż˼뷨ѹϵʵ˶йˣнѿ޷ȵȡ
ζû뵽йȴûнӳĴ£ʵСȥӳˣӳ˵˹ʵ£ӳһΪѵ˵ҴֲʶһæҲﲻϡ
֪飬ʮֱ浱Լ˵ĸо
Ҫǰһ䣬ֻҪһ䣺ţǡġ˵
ͷһá
õĿ϶ܼȴûбֳ͵͵ȥɫ
ĿɨǾô
Ҿú˳ڡСұ̬
ѿԴˣҲ˵ͬ
ʶˣҪһСͼ
ͻһͷţˡ˵
ѱ˵ɣڿʺֽͷʹ
껭һżʻһͷͷԵţȼʣţȴԾȻֽϣб۾ĺǿɰ
ϲС˼ѹҲȥһγɽһΪֽΪ˿ӡ
²ֱˡճʱͰ͵Сӣܰ˳ˡŹ£ӵƤðˣͷҲŨˡ۾Ҳˣںںڵģϵý棬ԲС첲ѽѽý汧
ϲذѺӱڻ˼˵ˡ
žûݵʱ⡣˵
ľ˵ҿ
Ͽ˵ʦˡ
ľͷΡΡߡ
Ѻӵݹȥľ֣˵Ҹұ𣿡
ľһӶûгףȻҲûлӡССģôСһŰһС˫·ϲֲ뱧ֲұӡ
ʲôұģɲʲôֱӰѺӷŵ
ľæҵؽӹȥӲظӶӡ
ųγ۾ӣﻹѽѽأڸ˵ľ鲻Խʪۿ



170 ֥
ܴ󣬼վҲӼΪʳƷȫҶ˹ãñӺͿ֮֡ǰҪѹϣͷҪñ档Ͽ֣ˮͲʳ档
ûлһжǴֹġǿģߣ̺õǿ飬ֽϡУҵĸɾ㡣
׼˺ü죬ţڰ˻ܡ̵ͼһӾץס˵Ϊ۸񰺹һʼ˲ࡣԹһ֮Ƿǵζǳر𣬲˻СϲԣȻˡ
ô궼֪顣ǻԴԴϵǳƳһǣѻмŵ棬Ǹغóԡ
óԡ۾˵
һ֥ǣҲܺóԡ˵
û֥飬ʱǡҪǱ˾û취ˣϵͳ֡
Ҫ֥ӣ֥եͣҲʳԡ˵
ϵͳҪ٣
ʮǿǿ͹ˡʨӴ󿪿ڡ
ʮûУֻʮҪҪϵͳ˵
ʮҲ̫ˣʲôѽһСı顣
ϵͳ׸ģ㻹𣿵ҪҪҪջȥˡ
ҪҪҪʮʮСҲ⡣˵
һСűߡ
˼£һʧ˵Ҳ̫Фˣּء
ϵͳڸ㣬Ͱ֥֥ˡ
겻˼˵ԣû֥顣
ԼŰ죬ֻһΡϵͳ˵
꣺Ҳ̫ˡ
ţͰͿˡϵͳ˵
Žɻؿڸ˭˵
û˭˵
ӣŽ˻ΣЦ˵㿴ʲô
΢΢һ֥𣿡
ǰ֥顣˵
ӣϸɳƵ֥飬һһضڴ
˻㡣˵
ȥֳһС³ǿ֥һȦݵ˵òóԡ
ſ촽ǿ麬˵ͦóԵġ
֥ǡЦ˵
ţǺ֥ǶӲǣҪǾͺˡ
ͽˣʱĵľͷǳ֪ôġ˵
ֺǺǵ˵Ƿģˡ
Ǿ鷳ˡ˵
棺нʮӡ
ǵĻȱˣжˡ㲻ԲȣҪǸ
֥ˣֳ֥ѾЩɵģҪ֡˵
ó֥˵ģıһ֥飬ˡ
ǰôûôóԵĵģС˵
֥һͻ˵ϲһģԵСӶԲˡ
Ҳϲԣ˵û뵽һ֥飬ıøζˡ
֥黹եͣ˻㡣˵
ʣµ֥鱻
Ҷ绹ڴ
ϣֻʣͽˣһ·һʡ
ڣ˵ÿ춼ڼ˯ʱһֻһٷ˵
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ֻˣȻô죿Ǵ¥ģ͸ĸǱߵ˲ϵˡֺӳ˼ܣҲûҹھһֻ۱һֻۣպŸֺӹˡ˵
§ȥһȵ˵Ż
޷˵С뵽¡˵
Լͺˡֲص·ȥ
Ϸ𱡺죬ס˵˵أܹܲһ㣿
ܹأǰءӲڣʲô͸ʲôȺӻˣͻռˣʱҿ˯ĵطûˡڣҪԺĺôֻߣƵ˵
鶯СߣֱĶȥ汻ﻯһ̲ˮҲü
ϣȻ˴ˡ
˵
޷һЦ˵̫ˣһȥ͸˵˺üˣҶ˵ڰʣ֪һܸˡ
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˵͵żңĸæӡ޷˵
Ҳס̾һ䡣
˭סѿ˵
޷ϢС档
С治ͣ˵лл㣬Ҵæ
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֪ӦллˣҺܶࡣٳʱǻǮѾֺˣǻԸңҷǳмҪ鷳ˡС˵
㻹鷳٣ҲǸ鷳ǣҲڵĺӹҰô۾Ҳˡ޷˵
˵ģ꣬Ȣ˸šС˵
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Ϻ½˰ɣСͻȻһ䡣
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СˬʵشЦ˶֪ˣͱˡ
Ͼ޷ңǼҸɻʱ򻹸ǼͶЩ㰡Ϻʲôġ
޷ɬ˵ˣ¶ھ·ݡ
ºã䲻ȵģð¡СЦ˵
ڶ죬С޷ȥ档
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๫ڴɻ㲻ؼųɻ˵
ҼҲţɻǮС˵
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СС˵һиӣֻһšҾˣţܲң¶ģ˵ĵģ¶áлץסԼǮӣ󡣡
ҶˣСң·ֻҪһ죬ǶлɣҲзԡ˵
СһмظСˡ
ͦѵģǸˡǽۡ
˵һֱܴҶ䲻
СҰСӳӭ˵˵Ҳˡ
С˵һ֪ô
ǽ㣬ܺѧġӳ˵
ܷꡣ
Ӹġܷ꿴һߵ顣
æ˵ڳġ
ѻȻ򣺡ȫΨһǼҳУһӤĸꤣɷˡͦóԵģҲȥһЩװֽҲ˼
ֽȥؿð˵ţͷԵģͦɰġ滹֣дʲô
ɣ˵
е죬֡еؿܷһۡ
̧ܷۿһۣЦЦ˵㿴ҸʲôǸϵãһ۾ϳд֣ҿϲ
¸̾뵱˵޸һҵ黹ͦӣһʻţϣⱲǳͷˡż갡ǸȻˣ˭۹á
ܷбһۣĽѽ
ܲĽĻ޸ǮġԭΪֻϲȺȻƣû뵽Ǹҷϡ˳Ժ֣ʲôᡣô󣬻ҪȰϽѧѧô⣬ÿ̫ۡҪһ죬ˣҸ
ܷ˵Ӳأʱˡ
һ˵˵ģҺĽ档ˣտ๫гϢøʲôƵġôã
ܷϵЦݵ
һҲ⣬ҲͱϿŷ⣬ֻԼ֪
ʣ𣿡
ûСܷ˵
ҲǺܾûˣ֪ûС˵
һߡ
ܷ˵ҲǣԽǲʲôԽҪ˵ʲôûһ仰ҿĵġ
鲻ҿһĬĬذ
Ե˻ԣܷһɨȥ˵
ջ֣ӵ˵̫ó
ܷ˵ĴҸʲôˣ
չ˳ĿǰгֻˣһǽĳУһҾǼҡ˵
ΪҴڸﲻȥʲôҲ֪˼ʮ߲ˣϺСǼҾһֲˣһСײˣһǴײˣô
һˣת˼˵ֺӣûһʵĤһξˣҲûд֡Ѿϻؼˣ취͵ǸһĶ
ܰ쵽𣿡ܷü˵
첻ҾŪôǮҪһöûУʲôݺݵ˵
ܷ˵ͽֲɵӣǵƤ¸СƱȵ컹ѡϣֺϣȥռ߲ӡκڵľˣҪҷԽˣǼʶ㣬ܿûмĶ
۾һ˵ôû뵽
ֺӣץҪԻһб»ڴꡣܷһ仰;ֺӵˡ
ʹڼﲻˣ



171 Ҫ븻·
Ǵϵţǣֺӽ˼£ϵıһѾ
ôһۣ˶˵ţ⼸ûãǴؼҸӳԡ
ۼûкӣҲԸ˭ԣֺȻ˵
˸ۣ²ĺӣ
ҲСĺӣȥҺܶ춼ûˣҲֺ֪˵
ҼСˣҲڹɻҼе㲻˼˵
ֺ͵̧ͷɶ˼ģ
ϾΪңŹȥġ˵
Ϊ㣬ԼСۡ˶ܺ˹һˣΪʲôͲУҲͷˣмôˣֺӴԲѵ˵
ۣ˵ô̧̽ţгϢˣһˡ
ǽƴ̧̽ţҵһԸ⡣ֺ˵
˵ף˼̫ӡҪǰ˼ҵ棬Ҳڻñ˵
ֺӲ˵
Ѷʰһ£ڻߣȥҴɩ˵˵
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ûԺ߽ѩ
Ҳꣿһ㲻ǿҲã
ֺһ˼ȦҧҧҲ˺£˳ȥ

ֱ·ִֺֻ࣬޲ðԴ·
ţͻȻи˴бֺӰѩ
˭˭ѽֺӳһѩ
СӣץˣõȡܹˣȥܲһֺӴѩγ
ֺ־ֻţѾûˣǷܹӵҹûסһţһӾͱץסˡ
ֺһͷһѩŵ˵ܹӰ£ܹô᣿
Ҳ˵ܹӰ£ˣһϢûСܹӿɵȲ㣬ҹȥЦ˵
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𣿹ӵ˼Ķ֪ȥӣԭҪãܻش㡣
˵ţֺӳˡ
ˡСվ˵
ɢͷؿϣʵүأ
ȥæˡС˵
Ҫȥ꣬Сų緹
С˵緹һֱڹţүңˣһҪ緹Ŷӡ
ֻЦʣʲôóԵģ
֥ǧִúܣɺóˡүģġһҪգǾˡС˵
˵ÿˮˣһ˵ȥˡЦ˵
С˵Ҿ˵ٻ㳢֪ˣϧүûôʱ䣬ȻһͣǸöð
Ц˵õǿ๫ķֻܳԡ
ǣǶĸܳԵүķСҹά
ǧһһűķˣҧһִֵ࣬ܵ
ó԰ɣСҵҡͷԣ
óԣҹү̫ܸˡĴָ
СҹЦ˵ǻ䣬۹⣬ҵ˹ү
ôأ۹ôá˵
صֺӲˡﻹǸߵʱһжûиı䣬Ҳڷŵġ׼ò뿪ġ
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ܣҪǳţ϶ҵġ˵
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ԶԣҾˡֺӲ˵
ܷӰ˰ǣЦݿ˵ôȲ裬ҵĲ̫ҳúܿ£
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ܷһʧһ㶼ꡣ
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֧֧˵Ϊõ㣬ΪҲУ˭֪ôá
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Ժɨеѩˣǽ档
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СЦúܴ˽ѿͽ
ĸ첲۾ضųӣСеôҪҪ
һ˵ȻڵϲȥҪǽѿСܹȥˡ
״ѽСҿŵ㡣
˷ܣСͨ죬СӲͣػӣֻŵԺܣСҸŵðл˷ܵøЦ
ѿҲŻˣֻȥ˾ţ֮ѳ
³ʱ򣬽Ը⣬һֻקỵ̂СʹҪ³ĽѿκӡȽ˳ѿøƣСüͷ塣
ֳӺá˵
ڽĴߴ֮£ˮ༼ԽԽ죬Ѿյ˲ٶóһǮͨ·޳ˮ·
Ҫ븻··ߣؽҪһ·˶죬һ˼Ҿ͸ˡ·޺ˣÿôʹǾˣؼҾܻؼˡô˵ġ
룬˵úе
ˮأôһ·ǵûǮҸһûʨӴ󿪿ڣݺݵһʡһһ˼ң˵ҸҵҲһƿ
걧ݺݵ˼ڣЦ˵ҵĺţ̫ᾫϸˡ



172 Բ
ֺſڵϣֻʣһڹӲдˡ
Ϸһ룬ɸɾģûˮҲûסĴ©磬ɪɪֻһõıӣһ˸ӣ¶«έ
֨ѽһ񷿵űˡ
ֺæ̧ͷ۰Ͱ͵ؿȥ
Ŵһ죬ӽһͷͷӲʯͷӶڵӲġ
˵꣬Ҫš
ȵȡ
ֺֽŲõſŰ֮ǰһֲֻ嵽棬Űصһ۵졣

ֺӷɱĲҽЧֹ˷źϡ
㲻Ҫ첲ˣûذŴ򿪣ӸµؿŶڵϵֺӡֺѾ۵վסˣõֻץ˵ֻ֣ӴӴֱл
ֺӿ˵ҾʣҼ𣿡
ûУ˵ˣһֻûмҡҡͷվſڲ
ԹһοˣһֺװĽ鿴˭ֺ֪װģײܡôˣôˣϣֺӱץסˣһ׵شҲûֵôܵùѪͷ
һοѧˡͷˮ⣬ֺӶ˵һϻֺܳȥ
ֺᵱʱˣզأ
ԵðʧôˣҲûм㡣һţŰ¶ѣֺѾݵˣȫ¹β⣬˳ߵķ˵ϡ
֪뵽ʲôֺ۾һס˵˵ˣӸŻؼңţұ˹ˣҡֻҪܳȥҸǮвУˣĿ첻ˡ
Цˣǲɵʲôãٷ˳ƺֲǮϡǻǮˡǸܵܣͽҴӺϿһҳУһҶⶼȥˡٷﲻˣȻҪһˡٷ˵Ҳûá
Ҹô죿ֺӻȻץסһݣƴرס˵Ȳţ۰Ͱ͵ؿˡ
ٷţֻܵˡٷ˵ֶκΥ˰㣬˭Ұ㡣ѽúõŰɣԸ㷢㲻ˣȻţٺ١һ߿ֺӣֺӾ£һš
ֺ£ǲŷӦ˵ű߳ɤӴ󺰴Уţ˭ܰӸŶҵܵšģΪʲôҪܿࣿҳȥ
꣡꣡磬㲻ܲң꣬ɰҿӿˣҺһӡ
ţڹңȥ˵ҡǱ۵ģȻҲֿࡣ̫ˣôĵܵܣ
һ꣬һ棬Է˸ѪͷʱʱЦһ㡣Ⱥûˣȥѻ˵ͷԣҭòϵֱ
ֺںԺأܿ촫ܷ˰ֺƿڴݣ˵ܷܷûסһЦЦļſ
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˭Ҳʹ죬Ҿʹ졣βͽ꣬һβķܵܣܷЦ˵
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˵лԼڵ˵
ܷһðûжҲûЦݣö˶˵ģЩ¸ʲôҵ£㶼֪ѽҸйԼҼҺСʱ򣬸Ƕġҵʱ֪£Ҳ֪£㻹¸ʲô
ⲻǴ£֪ҲǸŸɣҲܲ밡˵
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˸˵һˣĴξǹġһֱ㣬ôȣ̧˽㶼ǰŵúúõġϣһֱҪʧץܷ֣˵
ǣҸ๫һġֻ๫ˣҲܹúá๫ˣҲܿġ๫Ͽ˳۵ˣҲ๫ġεؼǵã๫ޣ޾Ҫ޵ӣôȵʱҪȡܷ΢Ц˵
üϲһ㡣
ˣܷ৵رɫ
ȥ飬˭үǶ˵ˣ
ǡɫÿҲҶ˵ʲôȥ
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ӳæ˵ֺӲڣԼעһЩ
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ԴСܱܾͱС棬ûôС˵ҪΪСҲֺӺ롣ǰãһʱˣܵΧ˵Ӱ죬Ҳ߳ˣСܲ˼
Ͳһֵˣڹ㣬ĶңءС˵
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ϻУ˲ŸɾС񶾵˵
СЩĿûз
ɫͦƽģǿسŴЦЦͷ¡СĻҪһֺӳˣܿ޲Ǹ棬ȻЦˡ
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ֵ˿ӵʱ䣬ľÿζҪȥֺɣ˺ܶСߣľѰᶯľ񰡣õĶȫһС档
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ҲȰ̳ȥԽ̳Ҳɲ̳룬Ż˵̳ҲҪܼң˺һĲ



173 Ī׽
ˬǮЦ˵ҵСϣǮˡ·޺֮˾ܳˣҲܽȥˡҪǣҺ㰢ôȥǸˡ
ллҾ֪µһĴˡָ򣬽¶Ҹı顣
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˵һ䣬Ҳڵվ˳ץһߵĻƿҪҡ
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ôôİôҰԼŪΪʲôӦøҵ۹ҶʲôˣҪôͬҺ룬Ҫô취ܼ˽һȥۿҪˣܼһûˣʲô˼ҳΪЦ𣿡̳ؿȵŵúϽı
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Դӽ̳֮ƢԽԽŹ֣ͷƢ
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ܵŪ˸רǣһһֽţȺó־¡öɻÿµĹǮ͡˵ǹĴУǼ۸ףϰտ𣬶ǸǮġ˸ֺӿա
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֮ǰܼ˾ͱƹҸꡣʱûдﵽĿģֹʼʩ;ͬ飬ΪһĿġǰһ⣬ֻܿˮȻġ˵
ѿóѡ
̫ظ̫ˣѾǵڶ׳֦ˡҪǻʶȤֶλҡ˵
ҪǾˣҲ̫ˡС˵
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վ˲ˣһ˸ովϾͺüܹȥһλáǮǰǩӶģ߲˵ļǮ⻹ҪһЩ
⣬һƳͺõòСտʼԵ˸࣬ŶӶŵȥˣڵҲ㿴ôԷ˷ܵ˵
¾һ۱裬ԴԴϵóе𱬡꣬¶ꡣǰû˿꣬ǸµĴ򣬽޹ȥ͵ʻţϡ
ķâ¶ҷֽ÷ǳҸ̬ȲĹۡɸ˵üЦ˶ˣµȻҵ



178 Ŵ׶԰
վȺ̽ͷ̽Եǰ濴
һյʱˣôֲң
ܸѱԹ
ѳ䳬Уζ߲ˡڶ棬˴컹ֲԹˡ
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ͻȻܵɫ΢΢һ䣬ߴţȥ
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ѺɵʣղŶ˼ңֶ˼ҿͣΪʲôѽ
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ղô˼ҴкѾ
סѾˣϰ壬ͬ
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Ǿѣһ֪֮Ըһ޷ǾõһЩôͻȻˣѧԺѧˣ˵ȻͶˡ
ѧԺҲ˵¡Ҫȡģũֱг֣ԼĿĳУĻϰ֮һꡣ
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СҲ˵ŽȡѾˣվãͻãаԹԡ
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ǲˣֻܵˡ꿪ѩˣүͻȥץС̡ѿ˵
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ꣿѿû֮⣬˵үüʮ⣬ĶǰԵ⣬ǳԵ꿪ˡ
ҸˣιϵһۣŤˡ
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һɣ˲еЩѵûš



181 
ʲôѽǿӣͳһƿ˶ˣ૵˵ƿôڴϣ
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182 
ֺһߣˣҵҲˣĵ˺üŻؼҡ
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183 
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ôˣȴûһܸ˵֪Ļġֻ㣬ҾңΪ˲һ̳ú׵۾꣬ĵ˵
ЩУӦúͽ̳־Ŷԡ̳ҪЮӲǰ֪ᱻ˴ʲô
аô͵ܵܣǲ϶׽ˡʲô࣬Ը˵ұϾɾб᲻Ѵ
ǣûһõģҰôûмʶã˵ҡܵܣֻ鷳ԣһûС
˵̳һֱ塣



184 ѧ
ӣ겻ֻ̼üš
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Ҳ棬ѿһϽ漴׶԰׶԰档ǽѿͬ⣬ǵʲôȥԸ໨ͭ壬úѧһЩ



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ͬ˵һúȰġ
ȰˣȰˡ͹ܺԼ˵
мؿ
ˣСؼҡ
ģֺڵ˯㡣
С˵ƻ谡
̾˿ʱÿ춼ȵࡣ
Ҳ̫ˡС˵
ʰɾְѺȵֺӰᵽϣС۵ͷǺȱߣСҾܾˡ
໱Сҡ
ôҵģСҺһۡ
ȥˣǷ˸ҵġ㻹ѽⶼȥ೤ʱˣT̽빴Сҵ֡
СҲǣ֣Ǹģҵģ
Уһĺӡ㿴ǶôʱˣҲҪˡ˺ֹкˣ㲻иӸСү𣿡໱Цֺá
롣Сɫᡣ
໱ЦúܲãСô˵֪Сҵ̬ˡ
룬ǲż
ͷŻˣСҷġСӣͰѽѿеź򣬲ˡ
СҶ˼Σջǰֵݸ໱ǣ֣һ˵һߡ
һʼ·ٶȲ죬ҶѧˣȻȥˡôҳԾǣΪ·ûʮ¸ɲˣҲ߲ˡû뵽ˮɵر죬һʱܹˣ֮ȡߵļаˡ



191 С
һʱ䣬ͨɽ·ȫˮࡣƽĵ·˸ǣûɵʱϼҴڵعеˮ·һľ̾ˮ·
̫ƽˣ˵棬Ь¶Ǹɸɾġ
ѽ·һͨǳȥˡ
õõ߹ȥ濴·ߵǲ¶Цݡ
ô̽һСԴҡҡλڽվˣ̽ͷ̽Ե濴
ֻ˿棬ûзСˡ
Ҳˣ뵽һСʯӣҡһ¡Сѧ·ҡҡλѼһ߼ͻƨɶףСȸûжһξ͵ˣһ
ϲע⵽һ˵ѽôˣ
С۵С¶ۺɫĿǻЦ
㻹ЦƤæСӵס̫
쵽ˣϾҪ㰢ôˡϱС˵
Сװ۵С֣ǵ§סĲӣ촽ӡһˮӡüЦ
ϵüģЦ˵㰢ôСʱһģһСʱҲԼúãԡ
ͻȻͣǰһˡҡӣͣظԼŷ磬߱˵Ҳ̫ˡ
ôѾһˣϢһߡ˵
ϱźӳ
Ѿĵط˺Ĳڳ˲ˮ͵ġ
СιһЩˮְѵ˸ԡͣͣٴ·ˣ˳صӡ
ֵѧʱ䣬СһѧﱼҸд˹ӣſһʱ֮伷ˣϲгĶˡ
˳ǰ龰һʱ
˰СӹȥСŤŲ˷ܵؿǰ˺СϲӵġССȥѹˡ
ôˡ˵
˵иѧãרˮġ˼ҷˮ˵סĵطáļңܲܰѷӲˡ˶ΣǼԱ߸ѧá
Ī˵Ȼӵĵַ֮ǰסĵطҲ˿ġ
ôߡӭЦеؿǡ
϶˵ϽأѺӱȥúÿһԼģûм档
ûǽԩҪ濴ӵģԼ˵ˣÿ쿴ӣо鶼áȷʵԴСҵĴˡ
һ£һˡ
˰Ѻӽ棬С֪ǰİôſ˫ֺؾȥˡڽĻ֮ŽȰȵڡ
С׹ĵطʪյģЦõ˵˭ģϴλȥûѧһС
磬ëǸѧġָŽꡣ
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˵˵ЦЦػ˼ң
ҿ˿Ŀ¶ֵ˵Ҳ̫ˣҲûпű谡ô£
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ϿһۣתСңôûСң
⼸첻ؼϢˡ赭д˵
һͲˣҶ˵򼸸˻̣ǰҵĻɶ߷硣㿴СҲڣʲôɣ
ѿܸͦɣСҸɵöáСҲڣҲòͱˡ˵
ѿЩΣû뿪˽ϵĻ
ҲˣæԽѿ˵ѿǼģǺܸɣû˵õ˼Ҳָһˣһ˼Ҹ۵ˣô˵
Һ궼ϲ̫Χţڵͺܲ˵
治ΪϺܲˣ컹˵ʲô״æת˻⡣
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ҪǲЦ˵ҲҪ˵ˡô£ô㣬һ쵽æ˵
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ϷżӣСȥֻѾСһųСӡ
˵ãҿɲİѺӽǸҿӻǸңǸøʲôʲôȥ
ζЦˣԭأֲһݾͿʼ̣˵ź˲ʲôģΪ̵档
ϵһۣѹ˵û£ٲ죬Ҹ˵ء
ӣͬؿ˽һۣӳô㶼ûмΣ
չ˺ӣҶûнй࣬ʲôѽֵһۡ
˸߸СӣСһƨϣſûСͿʼҧҧҧ
æѶ˵డҧȻܰѺӸտ
죬Ц
óӸСӲǵĿˮͷҲ̧˵棬ô˵
ûʲôҪ˼⺢ֲһ˵ģһ˵˾㡣˵
üУˣԸ˵
̲ס˵ˣҼҴҵûʲôϾԼǮû٣ϡǵҵɻбˣûУԸСڽ𣿡
ԸҲøţ˭أһֻ˺ӣ̳ҩ壬ڶӻûж˵գ۹ôߣۣǸ˼ҿûм޳ȥ˸ûвپǽˣǺܾôǿˣϧ̫Сˣ޵͡Ϸͷͷǵ
ţûע⵽СܵˡСţ䲻վСŲſߡ
ѿˣת˸ߡɣִŵת˻վſܡ
̫ɹԴκģ궥Ŵֱ̫ܵˮǰҨһưˮͺȡ
Сſſڣźڶ۾Ǳ߿
תˣ۾һڳݲغ
һֹѿˣĽǶˡ
ӽˣ־ϲվ
ǵģôСͻеˡ˵
Сǰؿ˵ǵٽһҾʹȥ棬ǱкܶĵطûС
СԴˡ֧С첲ػ
Ķˡ



192 ִ
Сɵĸ첲ϣָŲԶĻ˵ǻ
С³ݣһֻС㣬
ǻݡ˵
һΣСѧЩˣ
ǻǻݡĵؽ
ͽڲԶš
п˵û뵽Ժôġ
¶ɵı飺һĺͰĵˣǳϲӡЩݣǱߵıĴʦġôԺæµһ¡
ʦû˵˼Ҿһơˣ˼أ˵
ϲסԺǱ߸徲һЩܻ֪ˡ˵
Ҫ֪ˣҪ˻ˡ˵ţľˣ˳ʣĶ
ܹȥӭӣľǱߡ
үˡСʾ⣬С˷ܵذУȻʶľģľܹȥһǺüʱĶĶֱǴ粽롣궼ȲӸҲ׽
үľſ˫֣СҲſС첲ЦͶľĻľȰؿ
Ӹʦͦ׵ġ˵
پͻжջʦҲϲӡ˵
ӵסС˵ӵүүӺӳڣûмӼΡ
Ӳ׽˵ֹһӡص
Էʱˡһˣǲ԰洦ɼˣһڨڨ˵˵ˣҲûɶóԵģҾ˰˹Сˣ˺ͺӶҪȻȱٶͻ᲻ӡңҾǲӡ
ϿǰһۣϴŵЦݣȴû˵
·ѵô¸ʲôɶûУõ㶫Ҷ˵ˣʲôôǾǿӣٴԾˡ
ҪģÿֹȥáұͲƴּ֣ҶѹصˡٿֹȥǾ͸ý˿ˡһֻɱҲһˣã˵ʲôУҾָֻµˡ
ЦЦ˵˾ͺá
˵仰ϾͲˣŤͷ˵һʲô
ɱһֻʲôģǿ˵
Ҫ⣬ڼҶԵζˣ嵭һЩԵʵҰʲôģ˵ˬһġ˵
У˸˵˵
ϾڱţģЦ˻þöûгˣõţҪҰˣϵЦˣڼԲˣԵһɫ
һۣɤ˵ԲҲУҪġѼ㶼ˣôȣǶˡǴԶֻǳôУ˵ȥ˻ΪǼýҲ԰ɣ棿
˵Ҳе˵
Ƕ˰ɣͼ򵥵㣬Ҫôġ˵
źóЩźƬۣ㰮𣿡󽯽ϵ
а㿴ǿˣʲôҾͳʲô˵
ҪȥóھͿʼ
ϸҲȥܲܰæ
֮˳Ĭϲ˵Ҳ֪˵ʲô
ϵͷȲ裬϶ǲϲġ˼ľȥҿӺüΣۿɼϲӡϾȥһΣ֮Ҳûȥ
˵һΣˣûһʺӺòãӸûйϵ
е𽯽ϣϵ̫ǿˣһԲ̫ˣϾǹŽҵļ
ʱľźӽˡ
ľֺǺǵ˵̫ˣ̫ȣӻɹġ
һӣæվ˵ѺӸұһʼҶûôء
ľҪСӸκСӲȥһֻ־ľ½ǣСƫһߣ۵Сд˿ܡ
Ծؿô
үүүүľֺǺǵ˵
үС³һ֣Ȼ˽ľЦ
һε˵ϴˣҲүүҲҪҡ
ţǼ٣Ҳʦүү˵ʦϲϵ˵
£˵ұһ
ӲǰССͿʼۡ
ȥľ
СӵĿľۼˣŽ˵ޣޡ
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鼱֮£ƴҡκӣúӵĿͣ
Сӿ޵øˡ
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߽ҵɫÿֿ޸ͣɻʣôˣ
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꿴ֿǸ·ʲô
ȥ˵ѺӸҰɡ
ڵƵģɽһСӸꡣ
ҲǹˣСӵ껳ֹͣ˸ɺǺǵЦ
Ǹ顣СӺ˰죬һᶼûУǻعζȺֺЦ˵
˵ǿǲұôӵģүүϣһүү
ľƤ˳顣
šü˵˭ˣ
˵˭ﲻԼ׵ȴһˣ˱ﶼ㣬ң㲻֪ŭ˵
ʦһΪʦΪʦǣ޹ҵģֻһͽܣҸôˣУͰô㣬ҲһֱТ˳ǣڶǮǹζģǻô
ҲˣİôˣⱾһ˵£һ˺ͺسһٷҪ£˵ʲôˣ⻰ǵʦ˵ģʦ˵öİ
һ죬Կ˵ӶʦүүҸ㰢ôʲô
˵Ӹʦ׽ԸʦүүҲûа취һͺˡ
ڨڨ˻ȥС˵Ҳ׽һЩ
ͻˣվ˰죬ûʲô顣ǳòˣų˵ʲʣ÷֭ˮȹˣܽء
Ͽһۣ·ʲô¶ûзƽ˵ҿһ·ˣֺöϽó



193 ʩ
ҪԷˣҶԼλãľȴȥ
ĬĬظ˳ȥС˵ʦҪȥĶ
Ŷȥ濴ȳԣõҡľָָ˵
ҪԷˣ㻹ҪȥĶΤʱΤֵܣģһȥ˺ܶˣٶ㰮Եģᣬ֪ʲôʱܳôʢĴˡľĸ첲ߡ
ļ̌Ų̾˿˵ģȥ̫ˣǲһˣǶʲôҰõˣҴҲһġ
˵öԣûѪԵϵûԷʸʵϣӦøмꡣҪ˸ͽܣϹͷ֪Ķ
ʦ˵ʲôˣˡ͸һϸ쾭¡һȥʲôȳԷ˵˵
ľΪѣʱҲˡ
ʦҪȥĶûһ˿Цݡʦ˵Ļ֮ûһ
ңҳȥתһתľ˸ڡ
ȥĶתһ𡣡׷ɫƽ˵
ľû취ˣֻ˵ǶҶԲ÷
˭˵ģʲôԣֲǲ֪Ҷ㻹˵û͵ڷƨóԵĳԣúȵĺȡ˵
áܳҪǼҪߣӵġľ̾˿ǻȥˡ
Ҳˣߣ״˵ˣȥĶˣ
һС˵Ͻԣòˡ
һԲ¡
ֱǽϣֱľЮ˿鼦ϣЮ˿鼦ľһˮ˵úƽ
صҲľЮˣȰ뿪㣬Щ˾Ҫˡ˵˵ǸôôֻҪþˣαںЩˣ
߲ͣǡ
ſӵֽ˽һֶ˵˵ľΪľûˣӡ˵ϣϺ̨Ӳٷ
Թľˣ̵ȥԺӣϲǶǶ徲ҲûӰ˵¡
˵ˣطϢˡ
ϰʣʰˣ˵ûؼҸļԡ
ȥ˺档ͽȥˣͬе˻нꡣҲûбĿģһ˵ʲô
˵ֻܻ𣿿ҵĻôƯҲԼԺŪһ
УûôҪ볤Ҽģü꣬СҪĻȥʱҸŪһϡ˵
ðҪһꡣɵĵϣЦ˵̫ˣֲɽͲԸȥˣǽĺõطûЩ߰£ر徲
ôססùߣ˵Ȼסùߡ˵
û֮ǰôɽûĵطͲ᲻ȣܲ˯þ˵ĵҲ̫ˣܿ棿˵
Ųŵúᣬ˶ûзˡ˵Դ·ˮһࡣǲֹҪˮ࣬ҪʩȥʩȻˣʩӵļǮ㣬סǮҲ͡
ӦðѴйҲһǸӳɵͦõģһ¾Ͱ·޺ˡ֮ǰҶȫķڷҾʩӽͦõģŴҳȥǮͦĵġ淢ˡ
ȥҴ磬˵ţ߳ٻܣһ̧ͷ
̫죬㶼ֻ¶εЦݡ
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ûǸ˵
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Ȱͷ˵
ԲĿãʩӽ磬ǸʵˣǷǮ
Ҳᰡ˵
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ǲ£ҲǺ⣬һȥǮû뵽һûĵĶңǮô죿
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ܼûиǮЩȥֺӣֺӾͶ˼ҡҵ꣬ҲܸǮֺӴģҪδζֻ䱾һʼͶɱ뷨
ЩŪʩֺӴŸһµĻһ꣬ͰѹǮȫˡ
˴ȥģ˭Ҳ˵ˣʺϵӳҪǮǶӳ£ҪǮʲôӳжɵ͸ɶ£粻ϣˡ˵
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˵϶ȱһӵĻᡣϴʵ챿׾ģ˵ôܴö飿
˵ֱ·ˡԶԶؿϣкȻ˵͵һߡ˵Ļһֲ©ˣ߹ȥˣɫӵؼǰߡ
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϶ӳֱ˵
ֹǻöһҶᵽҼסðҵļҲ磬Ǿ͸ˡͿˣģǶ⡣Ժ󲻹˵ʲôԸһԸͰǵĻ߷硣˵
ֱοˣ˺ܶ࣬ͷ˵ҾǱȲ϶
˭ҲȲ϶磬ģڴ·ϼġ꿪˾Ц
ֱ¶һ˿Ц
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ֱͷתȥˡ
˰˶֪ˡ
ҿ϶Ҫȥ˵˵㣬ǮĸߵѽʳҲԵúá
Ҳȥ£˶Ͳóˣһůůͺ͵ع
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194 ջм
ע⵽ֺӣЦʣֶ磬ȥȥ
ңΪʲôȥֺȻ˵
֪ܲܵ϶ӳ
ҲŲϡӳҵҶֺӴԲѡ
ȥĹǮʲôʱѽ
ҵĹǮҲûǹҲûáҾǸͷģҲ壬ʲô취ֺӲͷ˵
ü˰ֺӶ˼ֺȥȥɻǮֺӴǳȥʱǻ˵ú֤ǮҪǶҲǮ
˵ҲǮҪ˲˵Ժ󻹻ɻ
Ȳֹ˼ֹ±㿿׶ˡ
˵ֹˣҲȲϴϴɿǰ·žͷǮһͭ嶼١
Щ˿ʼֺӣҲ˺ˣʲô˵
ֺˣ޿̵رˣûǮҪǮûҪһ˵˸Ͻҹ
ǮǣǾߣǮߡͬ˵
ûǮҶ˵ûǮҪҾ飬ҲǷҵǮֺӴ˵
ﳳֵģȥԶ
˹ڹһ̵ػؼҡһƿ߽
ֺӼ״վ˵ϱˣӵˣٳȥ岻˭⣿
ϣɢȥ
ҪǮģʡ
һɵӣҪƨǮҲǮʲô취ҪǮҲȥʩˡֺ˵
˵Ҷˡ
ֺվ˵ȥģҶˣҶӡ
Դֺ֮ڿ࣬ڹɻڼϴ˯ʱ򻹻ϴˮ
Ŀǰ⣬ͷŶӣ¶˴ȰЦݡ
Ϸ֣ϲʡ⣬µͦеġŻȥˣסˡ
ľϲӣÿ춼ӡҲԸ׽ſܻӭǽѧܻһ¾ȥСһͶԵһ˵ѽѽһ˵ѧöЩ飬ͬѼ˻˵ýζ
һ߿ţ㱻ЦԱվŽѿָӣЦֵ˵˵˵Ļ𣿡
ѿ˵
йһʶ˵
ѿİѽйˣɵվǰɻʳˣʵʵ˵Сүȥ滬ݣ˵̫Сˣô棿ǵٴһ㣬ѧ·ٸһ档
ļٵģԴ˰Űɡ
ѿ˽һ˵ٺ֣Сүأ˵ʲô
Ҿ֪ί˵
Сڻʣȥ滬ݣ
Сһ߰ؽлһϸ׵ָһ
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ΪϻݣһС˳Ż»СøˣЦ
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˵꣬˽滳ĺӣ§ڻ˵һ京»ҲΪ
ε˵ôҲ̫ˣɾֲǸɾδҪɼҵġΪԲ˿ôУ
СʲôѽԿҲ١⺢ӲܸԸұͷֵģڿֲܷš˵
ôģܲ궼˵ˣõʱ򡣵˵㣬Ǿӹˡ˵ˣûЦö࿪ġ˵
ģҿÿġϱСˡ
㿴һ˼ںϡҲŸһСᣬ͸Ͻ׷ˡģܺ˺Ӳɣ¿ˮ
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