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֮۵
ߣԨ
İ
Ť䡣
ȥîΪĸ׾İΪؼ顣
ıԵԸӡںɽĸ׵ķĹա
ֻǷûκι䡣
䣬ᱻܣοС
޷˶ϵήҵĵȴԼһ졣
ֱĳһգһ4Ů˷ӡլԺ
С̫źηĴ֣޽ٵקסġµĹβ
ǺǼĸ壬ӵкĸƵʣ棬ͻעϿɱˡ
ͬǺҲîΪĹ¼һԸĴڡ
뿪˽ء
żĸ塢Ů뿪˼塣
µʼˡ

Ϊ׬ǮСǷÿ춼ڿҿҵд
ȻһСľʹ
#&ճ#
#ϲ/ҾȻֻ.jpg#
Ķ֪׵Բ项
1.ӵֱ֮ħۡذ棬д˽衣
ȫԱŮcpûCPûиCPΪ˵ĶܣҲ벻ҪˢCPϹ.jpg
2.ԭŮ飬ŮϺǸأԭŮɫŶὥݱɴҵĵ䣨ʱʱ+1ôоҪչ˵СԽԽ.jpg
3.ǰճرȽϴ󣬺ڷճ࣬ע磬ģеTE:ȷ߽ߡ
4.趨ҿ161ǰдģᱻ̣趨bugܶࡣ
5.ıȽϳ鿴ٶ٣ҪһԶ꣬㼰ʱֹ~
6.̳ͬҰ磬һƬ.jpg
7.ǶƵ衫
8.ͬǻԭĶŬԭҲɲɱһ̶oocزҪͬ趨͹۸д뵽ԭУ
ݱǩ   Ұ 
ؼ֣ǣî  ǣ裬5t5ݻݣchuya棬ضء  
һ仰飺ؼġ
⣺Ϊܹů˴˹¶
vipǿƽ
ĸ׵İؼîҷӡʮŮ衣ſɱ˵ĲС̫һî磬Ϊ˸ıԷδîŮ˼壬ʽʼԼճȴҪչ˵ĺԽԽࡣΪ׬ȡ㹻ѣֽͶΪ֪Ϊ֪ҺҡΧ鷢չ԰ΪıдһûѪԵϵͥĹ¡¾ܰãڲ֮İֿϸ壬˴֮໥Ҳ쾡¡


1 
²ԷҲˮҲûӰ죬˶ĳЩĸάڡ
νġ顱

Ⱥڡ
⡣
һռزСϢʽլΡլһɽȫҵĲƲ
ǰʦһ壬ָ߲֮һ[׼]ıҡ
׼ҹȥȻȲʷƾõ[]ҲǸ˵ϻİĹʦ塣
ڴʮǰ׼Ϊһǰδеţһȶʢҡ[]ĵλ
ǸλűΪ[ǿ]
ȻǸʱ[]ûм̳ǿ洫ʽʦڣλŵʽܲܺ[]洫ʽ硭ڻǸš
վӢš
λ׼ҵţ21Ͳˡ
׼ڲʦǡҲλŲŵĵ⵽ǰδеĿش
С
֮󣬺׼ʦĳ轵
òʦᣬʽĲҲ̶ãûһϵ̨桭׼δʮܿ͵䵽ͨĸʦˮƽ
ִ׼ҵʦѾ޼ˡ
׼ȴûʧ
Ҳ֪ʲôԭ򡪡֮ʮǰ׼ҵļǸƺѾϵ֡
ú׼һûгʧȥȨƣϵĸı˼ķչ
Ƿ˰ĸѡʾ֭ĳΪ߲㵱еһԱɢȨٶץС
ΪŰʷʦ壬׼ҵĳԱûзԡ
ִ׼ҵò֪ǵһԭ
ѾûʮǰǸȥ졭ʲô¡
ֻȥʮѡ
׼ڲʷ[]Ѿˡ

լɽ´ϣɽï֣ܵǺ׼Ҳκ޶˽Ľء
Ϊʲôᱻ֮Ϊءڳ˼һѾû֪ˡ
һԡ
˵ӡһֻؼ顣
ʮǰֻؼȻ˺׼ңɱ˺׼Ҵʦ˺۵ϼӡںɽ׼֮ʦѪ˥˶˵ǸĲ̱
ϼԶʱת˷ʹú׼Ҽڶôŵġ
׼֪һӲھǸԡ
ǣԾĬ£˹ϵʵ
׼˲ļ尡
ĵõ㣬Ǵҫô̾

ɽءдеɽ
һƵլԺС
լԺڲСȴյĺܣʲôûС
ǽΧϵܼ
ֶָΣﳹ׵ķ
ꡢꡭ
ҶӺ֦顣
һһ׾ôߣխ⽡˶СɽƵļѹӰ߳
ﱧôҶװŵҰҰȡ
ǰһ¶ȫò
ƤľҰԵɫ
һѪİٿʣЩǷϡ
һͷǳɡ뵽ƶëİɫϰ¶ĵĺ뱬ǿļ⣬Լֲϵĺɫ
Ϊ۵ģǶ԰׹ʸеĳǣĳβˡ
ࡣ
ǹжϾȷϵʵ
иʶǳʦڵĻŻᱻŵĻӲ亹ֱȻͿԽһóһ½ۡ
ǸϢΣյؼ顣
׼Ҵӡڽصؼ顣
ȻλѾӡȴ׾ٵ߳ȥӡլԺ
ܳȥժһҰһʻ󣬻ûһص
ߴſڰŷ
һ죬ҲûκηӦ
ûаõķӡôֹ۵װƷˡ
տլԺڡ
ïĴ£һĹ
ֿ̳֡
֪֮Ĺ
֣ĸ״ˡ
ƽһҵĹȣ¸ߴļֱСɽƵβɵȦڽűߡ
ĽҰʻĸ׵Ĺǰͳ΢Ƶƽ˵

׼îѺ12ꡣ
Ǹ绨Ѥõš
ӵΣյʽŵʡͳΪǸϵ[ǿ]
ȴ˱21ͻ˥ߡ·ȫǰ20ţȻһѸٵ㡣
ΪӵǿĴۡ
ϧ[]
׼îĸ֪Ӻܰ
Ǹļ壬î֪һݡ
îǰֲİԼĸף˵Ѿ˶׼
֪ӿѣҲѡضӵԸ
ǣĲţڲǰեһüֵǽȻͬ¡
Ϊ֮îΪ˼帶˺ܶܶࡣ
֪޷ܡ
ѾòܶˣΪʲôҵĺһȡƽȱ۵ĻᶼӵУ
Ů˷˱ı
[ҵîҵĺӡ]
[ǹⰡΪ˼帶ô࣬ǲôı۰ɣˣǡ]
[˶ҪáǻǿԼĹ׷ϡס֣ס֣ſҵĺӣ]
ָײܲ˵ڵץţܿѪ졣
ӵǿȴûаʽ˱Ϊĸ塢Ҳȷǿʦ֪ӷļС
֪ʱ˽
ΪĸͼһûġдƷమɼ岻ĸһ飬˽ˡ
îǵá
ֱ֪ӵɷȥȴ׵ĺӻصҡîСС;ǿʽȡ˻ȨڳǿӲ̬ȣ֪Ӳȥ˸ļ޵ˡ
î뾡ּλáĸһƽȵ֮
ıһУͿʼ̵Լ
һ21껯ΪӰ
ǰֻǰա֪͸彡ʱһʱġ
îֻܹһʱչĸףвƲ˽ص߶˶Էĸף֮Ŭο֪ӡ
îûϵĵжĥɱ¿ƽĻᶼûС
ˡ
ԸΪ˺ӻһе֪ӱˡ
[ΪʲôôĺӾͷǵöЩ໹ǵĹ𣡣ƾʲôܻϣ찡û۾]
ӵǿȴûʽĸǴŰļ˻ʱʮڶ߻졣
[îîҵî]
[Ҫȥ]
Ȼ
ӵк͡صʽ԰Ϊסĺ׼îԼǲ˲ֱӵʬкˡ
ɫ۾̵Ѫɫڷ˲ΪףƤҲǱȾһתΪɫ
Ĺβ׾ٵڵҳµĺۼʹĵͺӸյĹ﷢
ʦΣؼ顣

ѾеǲѾ˶ˣĸ״ˡ
ɵĳں󱳣׼îĸ׵ĹǰĹβһһµڵϣ
Ӧû˺ܾ˰ɡ
Щ꣬îÿΨһҪǰĸɨĹ
絽ҵҰƷժһЩƯֲõҰװĿǰķĹȻƽıĿ񣬵ȴʱš
ֱĸĹǰʻҰʼãͽЩ񵽴£µĹƷ
ܶʼζļš
ǲҪ뿪
ǣ顣
Ϊ䵮ʱͷ[]顣
ǾԲԱԭµ[]
׼î޷ˡԼ
ĻŻڻָԺ󣬵ͷӦʮǰϼԸӡںɽ
ܹĸ׵ĹǰѾ޳ˡ
ΪʮǰǿʦîĴڡԣһĥ
îĸ׶䣬ҲҪմ֮Ӳд
֪[ȥ]䣬ú׼î޷ɱвĴڣһߡ
յնζûаѾʹ಻ˡ
̫ʹࡣ
ԣŻױС̫
Ӧá˺ܾˡ
îһظѪİȻΡ
Ѿ㹻ˣĸ״ˡ
ɫƤĸߴ齫ͷ῿Ĺϣɤͳ
ԣԭҺǺӵ[Լ]ɡ
--------------------
лҪ˵
עʽ趨Ϊ[ֱ֮ħ]ħĽɫʽ֮磩ԶҰ־¼ǲรħģذ桤ħ.jpg
ϸĶ趨ȷԽܺร
1.ȫԱŮcp
2.ԭŮ飬ŮϺǸء
3.ڴŻὥݱɴҵĵ䣨
4.ֻҵҵļ״飬д׬ǮһλǷϵϸס
5.̳ͬҰ磬һƬ.jpg
5.ǶƵ衫ϲ


2 
îеġǺӡǸŮ
ǲ衣
׼ҵĺӡ

ĳһͻȻġ
ССһֻͱîСȸһ㣬ͷͿ
Ǻӵкǿȫһڵĸ֪ҲӦǿŶԡ
ȴĴ񾭡Ǵ񾭰ɣ
ȫǰߴĹͶµӰԽȫڵǵؼ顣
ڳμʱСһůɫ۾Цݣ̧ץסǿΣյĹβ
îʶĹβĴ̣˹⻬Ļ棬ڴ̴Сһ֡
ɾ
ûп־塣
ûų⡣
ֻҵС
ץסβͼӲǺ޾ԡ
îôôĺôԼΣϢСһҲɲа־壬·ѾǰĴǽ޺һ
Ժζ񾭵С̫ˡ
֪СһﵽôܵġڵһîСһ׼ͻɽ±ʱͷɽ·᫳̶Ⱥ;ԲһСܹΡ롱ġ
ڽء
ʲ裬Ҳֻ˵϶үүҹġ
î֪еĶүү˭Ҳ֪ԷҪʲô
ں
֮ĵĹµУʵ̫¶ˡ
ĳɲľܾ͵ִ׾ٵıС̫ոɾ
[ɽԵ]
Ȼ¼ŵĹվǷɶ˻㱻

îÿֱʱСһմȾϢɱκ֪ͻرңȻǷϵڴŵڶٻᡣ
ܽ͵Լǰ˾ڴʲô⡪νˡ
ǿ
ҲһС
Ѿûʲôʧȥˡ

ڲ֪䡣
ʵߴΣϵıСһιܡ
Ǹ񾭣ûа㾯ĺΣСϲһˣܻԼõĶȥԼǹżޡС㡭Сһᡣ
ãȴܣ¡îĸɨĹʱСһģѧ
̽·;СƯҶӣһ¶һ衣
Сһϲһͷֳɡ뵽ƶëİɫ¡
ںСʱᡰۡһɵĳȻŷߵĺСԼõЦͣ
Ҫ˵СһϲģĹβ
˹Ǵ̵Ĺβ⻬Сһ浴ǧϲűס˻ԱŴ˯һҲӲ⡣
ǶԹǽǡ
ʵļͷϲץǶԳǣָӹһĺ
Ϊеķ˲λ׵Ľˡ
ĲϲһС
һ˯ʱԺŽʵҸеԵķＡ⣬˵λƵĺְ֡
î۾Ƿϵ΢΢ס
ְ֡

îλ콫͵صġ϶үүһº
λ΢΢űƣͷףѾȫʱӰӡ
îãſԼ[]ϳ˵ݡ
ˡ
Ϊ׼ɡ
îǰĺѣҲʦͬ顣
㻹Ű
ȻѾô
ȥԭҲ
ʱ䡭Ѿôˣ
ΣյĬ˺ܾãƺǰļ䣬Ѫ̵˲ƣ롣
ֱؼѹ±ܿ־嵽΢ĻץץĵɽȣٵĿڴ˳Ĭ
ûиĸ
׼ɽź侲һ㣬Ƿ˵
îˣþò
̸һ̸顣
ûлشϢȻ
˲˲촽ͷ˵
Ҷ˵ӦҲóɡ
Ǻӣӵк֪ӷһʡ
ӵзǳ䲻ϵӡ
ûʽ
̫ʹá
Ȼ꣬ձ塢žʽǰ£˵ûеʽ䡣
ɻɻî֪ġ
Զʽ
ǳҵӵкͺ׼֪һʡǾѵĸ塣
îĬˡ
ɼ˵
ĸĸ䡢Ҳ磬׼ϣڷԼĺӵгɫ޷ܵǱѡ˱ҡ׼һֱΪ[Ǽ]֮󣬵һӵӴĺӡ
ڹ۲죬ǴȲʽٿǾǽʦȥ
ǣ費ʽȻҵһһ㣬Ǻڣվز˶ãϲܿͻʶԣȻ󡭡
׼ɵӻǲ˵ʱ˶٣Žŵ
ʣȻΪȨƵƷΪҵеĳһΪܺĸ塭ǱĽ֣Ҷ˵îӦҲʲôˡ
˲뵽ĸס
ɫ۽޲һ£ĺǸӡ
îڿˣƣ磬Ӱ
ɵͷʮһաȫû˿
îѲ͵Ҫʲô
׼һۡ
îˣѾʮˡ
Ѿ˺ϼһһª˼ˣԣ²ı͸ңҲʲôҲܸ棬Ҳܽʮǰ֪һ
ֻǣҹһеεĲ
ĻɲٶƤǵۿ顪Ȼſ־壬ȴͬìܵʹ
ǿʦģ
Ǹ᲻ڣκ˶ʺùϣݣһȱǿ
ʶԷǰֹۡʦɣǷŹԵîʱ˼Ҫ
öԷġǺ׼ҡ
îˣǺ׼ҶԲ
Ҳûиûչ˺֪ӷˡǣ٣һᣬҲîһᡣ
˵ʱһЦݡ
ôÿЦݣƺܾûЦˡ
Ҹ߲İְ֡
İְʧˣǵˣһ߲費˵ʧ飬ǻŻġȻֺ˵ֻҪŬܹѼ䡣
îͻȻС̫˯Ժʱְ֡
ҼǵϲСˣСҲûһϲģЩСһʲô鶼ϲ˵Ҳƫǡ
ΪЩӣʹ֪ӷ뿪˰ɡ룬Ĵ֪ӷ׼ңڴžͲӡ
˵СϣԺ׼ҵδоȡ󣬷Ǻ׼Ⱥ
ԣ԰
׼ɽץеĵɽȣͻȻ
îˡԼҲһɡ
뿪׼ңҪٹܺ׼ҵ飬ȥɵĹԼ

費Ǳ
˵ĻһµĹﵱ׵ŻǸ
ֻǡӦǱеС
Сһ֪
ĿϢ£Ĳ˶ԷǷϺʹ࣬Լ̵ƫݡ
һֱŬں˸ˡ
İְָˡ
ϲǹż޶͸ְְָ֣ɨĹȻͰְһ档
һЩеСܹ˭ĶáⷽĲʼվֻϸоĹذ
ԿĸĲŻԻɵ˵Ųɡ
Ͼٸ߸ߣϷڼͷ
ὲº˯
ǰְְ
ÿ춼ЦĲãĲʼɵ飬ÿ춼ڴְܡָ䡱
ֱ׼î˽̸꣬ήҵȡĸĹǰ
ֲǵͳˡ
СһԥС˹ȥͷϸɵƶһĳ
î鲻𣿡
ûС
ƭС
Ǵôһɡ
ѧî£ڸߴԱߡ
ܹԵʲô˵ֻǰţֻĥĥٶȱסĹβ͡

ƻʱ̡
Ҫͻرˡ
îΪʲôһֱںɽأһ˲į𣿡
ļͷ˫ץĳǣͷʡ
Ȼܼįұˡ
ڵ˭ѽȵ֮ͻ뿪Ժ𣿡
ȴ׼ļԼҵ˴ǰͳɤƽ޲ڵұ졣
ΪʲôҪ
Ϊ̫ʹˡ
Ͳʹ𣿡
Ͳʹ˰ɡ
îʲôʱܳѽҽ𣿡
Ҳ֪ҽม
ĻشСһ⡣
ֱɽ˸÷ֱĵطîԼͷСһﱧ
îҪȥ𣿡
Űɡ
Ȳô죿
ܻһֱȥɡ
ǸеįҪôأ硣
îһ˲䲻Ծ΢΢ǣ̧СһԴ
ڲį˰
СһͷĲգԼĴ۾
ͷ¶˾ģȻԼСĴָĶ۾
îòãڿʼŬîһֱȲǸ˵ĻԺɳĲ㣬Ͳʹˡ
ǿร費ʳԵġ
Ůδʽдڼ۲ڵ£貢δϵͳ֪ʶ
Ȼס˼
֪ڲʹ
Ҳʻʲôѡ
ûʽȻӴ󣬵ʹҲȳ˸Ӽѡʦĵ·˵ע
ǲ档
Ҫϲʹࡪ۾ֱ׵˵š
ҪĺӣȾ
׼îŲ԰׵۽ޣĬ˺ܾá
[ԼҲһɡ]
˵Ļﻹڶߡ
ĳЩشľֻȱһССƶ
ǰͶСûޣ۵ġ
ɣѾҪᣬҲûʲô˰
費һ
׵ĺӣźĸ״Ƶʡʻ˵ĵ·
޷Ӷ
ɣ㻹Ǳ˽ƻָĻ˰òӴңǲһɣ
̵ţСɽһѹȸе建£΢΢ǰ㡢һĹƵģʮ㡣
ðԼˡԺңҲֻҡ
îԼ֣СĺͲ
ʸ
[]ңڻʸչ׵ĺ
ĳɣ׷Ƥ鹴סǰС̫
ָ˴ĴС
Ų۾ʹ޸ԼǷõͳ΢Ƶɤԡ
֮ǰһᱣ㳤󣬳㲻Ҫҡ


3 
ҹԼϢڵһҵ˺׼ɡ
״̬ΣշĹβҡţ׵ƶײǵĴ졣
Ҿߡ
ɫƤǷ¶ĺõͳԼ˵
¶ظЦݡ

׼îͺ׼費硣
ȻîԼʵоԵţ׻Ҫڲ賤֮ǰܸԷһҸƽͯꡣ
һؼ飬һʣҪð취Զ硣
Ϊؼ顭ҪὫһСȫ󣬿ɲǼ׵¡
Ͼͨ˿䣬㿴üԷîҲѶԷŻ
îܹȫԼµϢͬ޴ڸУ˿Բ̫ıʦ֡ΨһĺϢ
Ҫô׬ǮҪôסҪôӡôݡޱʵǿ鶼мֵ⡣
ȥӾݡ̵Ҫ˽ӴѡѾȫųˡ
ϱУȥнĺڻҹΪ[Ȳѷ]ĺ󱸷
ϾîѾʮˣںеĹ״ͲһˣîҲû취н˽ӴҲִԼԼҹ׻ΪΪСıע⵽鷳̫ࡣ
ͨ˿ȥ͵ԡɱ൱򵥣ȫϷĹȡǮǴûб뿼ǷΧڡ
⣬˿յһ㡪꣬ܰѺӵڼ
ϡ
îҪǡ˽Ӵҡڼӱ׬ǮġϷ
漬ְ
ɵǺԸ⸺ǵʣî޷ʹİõĽܡ
ϾվԼҪѲʳǵĻ´ߵġ
ҪԼΡ
Ρ
ǴЩǷζîһһۡ
ɫأβͷյһһôŵ棬Ϊδʾ֭

2008꣬
ҼƻΪԭƳٵһܺ
ΪʮǰϹŶҪһʱ˽Ӧİʱ͹
ɸî׼һġ˵ֲᡷîϰߵдֽʰ棬˼ҹϳġСѾܵİִ¹˵
î1958ꡣȥ꣬˵ƶ绰ɫӻû֣͸ụˡֱӿԽʮ󣬲ٶ˵ζ
һȫʱϾѾвټҵˣ糵ȸֽͨҲȽƣîҲӦ̶Ȼ㲻
ѧϰһܡ
̡ޱɬŷֻŰͨѳġֻҪ⼸ܣ㲻ҪžڼҼְ׬ǮУҵ˼·
ͬʱĹβһĶõľŰ
ڶ뿪׼졣
î󷨣ĸ׷ĹСԺ
ĸ׵λ˵Ҫ뿪һ˷ܵ۾Ĳ裬Ȼͱһ
һ֤һլԿס
ȻһҲûš
æĿա
Ҹ׼ݣϸĳ[]ǵĹϵǸŮļ໤îݡ
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ߴССһֻĲ;վһ飬ֻ޴ĲССĲ豭ȮƵģһͷĳ˼򷢴ȻƤ׷һԼĿĲҲش

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ĿǰõѡǸڿԼĿ
һԵͶɹǿҪԷѸֱӼĻ߻ġܷǳЧı˵ֱӺ˽ӴĿԡ
Ҳڱ׶ˡȾ뼫䲻ȶȻ֪ڿÿǧָĸɹ۵ģͬʱԸҲϸ½ұһƪҲһƪбꡣ
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îѺ12꣬Ѻ33꣬21ꡣ
ʮԱºѾǸ71ϹŶˡ
ΪһǷ̱
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4 
ձѸߣĳ湫˾кüҡ
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кĺ󱳡
һŰֻ۾ŤצӰźӵļ磬档


5 
ΪƺЩСʹԷ˵һ¡
ݻݲ趨۾Ͷ۾ɫһϲ۾дɫม


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ҰСʦǳܱûκͬСʦǵͯһһ⡣
˵ǲò۵ԲȥЩսŤҪΪʱЩв
ƿǵĳߡ۵èҰȮ
еĿ־彫Ϊǵճһֱ֣ϰߡӵжԸ߱ܿδǰͱزۡ
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ܵģŻ˿һ㡣
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Ȼ·ʱ˳䣬ͬʱҲΪԼǸûкͶԷֱ潻̸


6 
һ£ήҲ˸Զ·˼ҡ
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شϸϸĶ˷
ںܿʹСӵĽŲ
ûãɢɫСһﴩ˯£ſ򣬹͵̽Դ
գʹ۾һᣬȻЦ۾ۡһ˹αסġβ͡
ӲĹβȻӶ񣬵ȴһСϲ
ٲͰ֣Ҳ֪᲻ðصá
ҲΪϲͻȻ˹ԭîǹǴ̵ĳβ˲£˵ϰߡⷴӦҪ˼εظ³ΪȻıܡ
Ŵ˹β͵ĲֻСһȸԾ
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ţһˡ
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ĲקקĹβͣգۿʣְ֣ѹ𣿡
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賯Է֣ڸߴʾŮ΢΢ţî۽ǡ
ںӰֺҰζɫƤԱȡ
îܹǰɾůɫϵ۾￴ɥԼ
Ϊ԰
ô𣿡ɥʣÿζᱻ㿴
СһСԴСһڳɿģΪ
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ˡ
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ɣھѾܺ˰ɣ˰ɣ
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îԲ׷ʱ֪ܶƵૣ˺ƽЦݡ
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ŵ׺ȸԾıСܺ͵ֽСܵ˳
СżڲϣȻȥӣٰѰϵ̨ϣȻϴ˸֣Сֳݣֱ
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οĸ֪ӵĿζһഫʳûʲôȤǸʵʵ̿ڡ
治ɫҲ˼˼ĳһС飬ԼԼС֮һȻڲǷݵĵ緹û̫ԵĽڣԼʣµĵƸСжԷԼ
СĺѾ㡣
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۴񾭵ĲµһͿȫûȦ׿ԣ뵽µġ
Ϊƽ˵ʤʣϸļԼӣŬ¶뷨跨跴ԼĻᡣ
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ûµͯ£ʹӾɹһƪ
îĹ¡
ͶɹԤ¸¿ǵƪƷ̫ɵĹ;
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Ƿϵ̱Ȼûʲô仯ĵ׻ͦ˵ġ
дĶᱻԼҺϲȻܸ˰ɡ
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ǧֵĶƪС˵Ͷõ浽Ҫȳƪٵö࣬ұȽϲȶ
ΪԱȣƪС˵ƾͱȽˡ˳ãֻҪ鷢չȤδԻһ´дܾã㹻ɫܹɲȶȣ֮󻹻һĺ档
îѡдԭ׬ǮСһӹ׵ĳԡʱΪʵѡµ·Ȼ߼
ȻîдΪͻ㱻׻
ĸǸ൱żͥˣϧȥ̫磬îӡѾģˣֻԼԼǵöԷֺֿͽʶʱЦݡ
Ҫ˯ߵؼЧʸߵס
һϣдµĶƪͯгƪС˵ǰһǧ֡
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ƪС˵ģǺʻᱻִñǩĴѧΪ21űʼǡ
賿㣬îиãƪС˵ĸ޸װŷΪ̫ʺĲݸîֱӼĳȥ
ƪ轫ٴγΪîͯµλߡ
һСʱҪ峿ˡ
룬îóˣ׼һ
ʣһСʱҪʲôأ
ǰһϵɽǣβͻ˸ڵذϣ󣬺Ƥ׷ٶȴӳóµĸֽ
ʣµһСʱʱ䣬֪糣ʶд
顢ʦʦ֮ĹϵʽʽߵĴڡ
ʲֽͣϻţܿͱ˹ϸġ顱
дŽŷîװ˿ڴ
ʱȥһ۲裬æҴҴǣȷСһкúôһϸϸİ׹Լĺףٶȳš
--------------------
лҪ˵
ͻΪֱ̹ʽɹĴ񾭹̫
ݻ׸εèèĺӿ϶[]ĻԼ˼ĹӦûӭǳҪת۰ɡ
罥ʼҵļ̡


7 
·ݣѾˣºɡ
һա
βĻݸոչԼʮ·ݵûã𴲣ϴŴ԰Ʒһ緹ͳһСñߵţ׼ȥѧУ
û޳ڷڻݵɺ󣬼ĸȥѾȡ޳ͣʡһǮݻڻСıʵ⺢ӻʦ˵ֻڲԶǰһ·Ϊ˳·ĹϵǰֻֿѧҲࡣֻҪżԽһκʦк㹻ˡ
Ѿǰѧѡû취˵Ŀǰ뾭ΣļĸŻҪѧϾ԰ǿķ롣
ֻȻݴһļ̽ͺͻݵ԰̷۾С䵭ľܾˡ
Ͼһ԰һСѧһ꼶ѧУλýȻ෴ͬ·ݵȻԸںĽͶһȦϾԷԼû
ǻ԰󼸸¡
ȵ·ѮҵڻݾҪ׶԰뿪Ȼձ³ĿѧʽСѧһ꼶
ڱС˵ǼֵüĴ¡׵Ļ˵ȴûаֵø˵ĵط
ϾȻСѧ׶ѧѺͽ̲ķѣͷѡáƷԼľ߷ȴҪһʲƵĿ
Էڼڵľ״˵ʲôֹ۵¡

ڼͥ
ݵͽ͵ĸԼһչ˺Ϊߵһз׸Ů
󣬼ĸΪȫְͥ£ݵǸ׬ǮǸȻкúôǮȷԼֻһչ֮󣬾ͳ׿ʼżҡܻһζڿġ
ĸֻǮʲô°ҵķ
ȻҶ
Ǯ㹻λķϣҲ˵Щʲôˡ
Ů˴ûԼɷͻȻʧ٣ǮҲϵˡ
׼ȷ˵Ǯϵˣŷɷ򳹵ʧˡ
06굽09꣬Ѷ*1
ʱ֮ΪӵĻݶѾǲ常׵ĳˡ
Ů˲ûҹԷֻûнѣ
Ĵ֧꣬зҲ඼ûǮ𽥼ףڵ˲ôϸ㶼Ų˼µĳ̶ȡŮҲû취Լĸ
״̬ļĸһѹǿҵĸһЩͼļ
ܹ[]Ļݲ쳣֡
ŮԽ£ڼҵСϻ۵ĲµǸûٴǮؼҵʵ
˵ǰְ̫࣬ⷽķڻݵһӦǲżҵĻ쵰ϰ¼ͥ׶ӣ֪ܵĸȥˡ
ˡ
Ը׵㽺ڶԷһδθʧɢ˴룬ꡢѾҲǲ常Ļݴ˳۽ޣƽ˽ۡ
ûмѻĻû롢ﻹСĸʲôڻ޷ȷ
ҲûʲôȨƽҲֻޱĽļĸϵԼϣĴȥˡ
ݲ²⣺ʻûѪԵϵԼԺȻŮ뿪ɣ
ϾĸȻûпҲں
Ҳ
ͬסĽͻĸߺúó
ѾٹעԼδȴԼٶȱķڻݰ԰ߡ

ţî˳·װгƪС˵ӵŷƽͲȻ٣ߵʳһˡ
ʮӺװаײˡܲ㡢С⡢ļĲӻ˼ҡ
ѵߵԼϵΧȹĹβͬʱæѲӵʳĺͳ̨óֽƽ׹¯ϡ
βֻƵģһĶõͣڲ֮ǰ͡
Ӻ̶ܹߵ׼ʱѡ
ϴӳ緹󣬾Ͱ˵ˡ
ʱ㣬îһǿʼ̲ʶ֣ȽյĿγ̺СԼ飬Լǿʼ
ҪɨϣҪϴϴ»Ҫ·ҪɹĲ˵ҪǰȷǶӻüʱųȥ
ļҪƳˡ
îѿαϣǰС㶵ﻹûͳȥġ顱
дǸҰСʦġ
㹻ϸܽҰСʦĴ󲿷ɻ
ֻڻûͳȥ
îҰСʦǸ۵Сʱ˳С˸۱ǣȻǼԶͻɢî״̬ԶıСʽ
㣬îûķŲܡ
ͺȻ̫ܺǺ潻̸ֽĳʶд͹ȥîõġ
Ǻ൱ϻۡ
顱ڵĻͲССԼײײϹѧԱӦòѡ
ο󲿷һֻļҵС䣬СʦƽվͻһЩֻҪçײܷͦ򵥵¡
˵ܾʽǺʽĻ
ڷ俴Ĳ˵һŵţ˳űԼָķǰȻһ·
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Ƥ׷ߴͻأվ԰ſڡ
ĺԲһȦޱǷһ˿ãȻ޴롣
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ǰ𣬾ֻڼصĽûϹѧҪôĸ֪ӽ̵ģҪôԼѧġ
Ǳʶʹûѧ
ֱʱվ԰ſڣʮǰŻ㱻ʶԼҲʵѾ˸ѧˡ
׾پͷ԰Χǽ䵽нڱԵˣΪСģͷ·һ˺СĴ˽̻Ի͵ĴƵģĶڡ
îһˣһ߱΢ƵƵ̧ۣСĹ۲԰ʩ
ǴĻ󣬵㹻ϷˣһȺͲ͵Сһ֣Цϡ
îû԰ҲûǲáٴĽǶûʲôϢҲûʲô㼯ٲ̫ĺӴ⡣
ȺС飬î鲻ԽһڼҡÿŻܹβͲŵĲ衣
ԭûʲô⣬ںЩСһԱȣͽȻ
ֹֻв衭粻ֻҰ
ļ綼˼ȡͬʱòѧ뷨ᶨ
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̵ǵϢߣîţðζûҵǸС
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Էڴĺ棬ССһţޱĿͯ飬Ư۾޲ġ
ûЦŵС롣
îһ롣

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һŽó
紺Ȼ
ڻֵ̧˵۾鱻Ļ죬ССһȷ֮ͣۡҳƽ
ССֺȻһš
ǡ۾СãȻ΢΢ͷ
ŷת˸棬ûͷûβдһ֣ܿ㣬Ǹ
죿ܿ
졭
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ûС
ûС
ûС
ûλӰ
ԷôҵԼģʶ𣿻˵λҲ԰Ա
ݰżϽСܳȥûˡѯʦδ۾С΢ʧĴ۽ޣСٶûõƫƧ䡣
ԥԥĲǷš
һֽţд֡
Сһﻺչ
ڿдʲô󣬾סˡ

ĺƧʮעǺӺܴӦò
îŷ⽻Է뿪ˡϣٶȸŻδɢıϢ˹ȥ
ɨſڱһۣͷд[]֡
Ƶͷ͸۲죬ǡÿ˷ڽܵദݺͽȻûѪԵϵȴ׽۾СǶԽûޡ
էһͥƺ⡣
ǵĸڳϴ룬îֻܿһӰԷ飻ҵĸƺûл
Ӱࣿ
î˼ţ󻺻˿
ǺԸڹƧΪ̫˰ɡ
ѧ˽ĻӦܹԺҪܿһЩͺˡ
ţǺӹΪ[Ƚ˵ҰСʦ]УŽԼϷĸΪ
ڴǲٲʲôˡĸҲá
û˻ϲ١
ǷĶǺӵ˸ǸתؼңͿʼעһ¡
ѧУ
ŸûãСѧҪȥֻ԰һѡ
Ѿ·ˣѮǱҵڲҲʡ
ֻܵ·ݿѧʱһ鱨ѧ
˵ǸϢгʱѡѧУ
˵îҪȥѧʱ˶˷
ǵѧУ𣿡
е㲻һî룬ûϹѧŲ۵׵Σɻش𣬡ӦòĲԶɡ
ǲкܶһСӣ
š
ǻԸһ𣿡
ǸúӣȥǽѵĻһɡ
Сʱ
ûһͶ˶٣ͷʲô
ҹȻǲȥˡ˰ΣҡһԴ˵
Ϊʲôî⡣
ֱںͷԴԼĽż⣬˵ΪȥѧĻﲻֻаְ𣿱˶㡭ְһڼҵĻįİɣ
軹ǵóμʱԷ͸¶Ĺ¼ζ
֪еĲӡ̡
Ǹʱĺù¶ֺѹ
ںòײźתĲһ㶼Ҫĸױԭȵģ

գۣ̲ס
ֻϸѧѣͻؼˣĩмڣֿ˶ãңƽʱҲкܶҪææ
Ƥ׷ƽ˵ţͳ΢ơ
ָòţºͣ
Ͳį˰
ڵÿһ죬ůʵ˾

î⼸Ѹ԰һ飬Ųȥιۡ
д¶î׵Ժ
յԳʼʱڶԱѧУʩ״îһʱûзӦ
ãȻͳֻ㿪ʼ˲ŻȻ
[From]
磬ͶǼҳ漯ŵ֡
[βʦá]
[ǰյĳƪС˵21űʼǡͶƪͯ͵䱦Ͷ壬˺ͨδֱӽӵı༭ƽɺͺꡭ]
ʼһεģôеˡ
îһĿʮеɨȥܿͼ˵ס
Ȼ
е㽩Ӳ
򵥸Ļ֮ǰͶĸӹˡ
îܹͶƪƪȫͨޱȣƪƪС˵ıʺ;൱ޣλƽɱ༭˵ڳڲܺ
ƪ嶼ûʽ֮ǰܱ༭îû֮ǰͽΪǳĳפңӵĸȷȨ
Գƽɺͺꡢ߲˱༭ Ǳиεˡ
ƽɱ༭صطʼĿֻһҪݷîںԼϸϽ̸
îʲôʱп̸
ͨ˿Ҳȫû취ͱ̸Ȼܸܹ󣬵ͷͨʼżϵͬҲ鷳ͨʼĴ̸ĲС
Ȼôֱ׵Ļظ
îֻ֯ԡ
--------------------
лҪ˵
*1 2006ǽ¼ݻ20096Сѧһ꼶мǸġ
ݻԭ˵ĸĸһ꼶ûú˼仰²ǻݻݲ֪ǰˣڼĸʧΪҲǶʱʧ


ΪҪ˽ݻ׶԰һѧʱѾԴԤϡ
찮ߡδƽɱ༭һ˿С˷ܣʦ


8 
îĳƪС˵21űʼǡȻ˹̸Ԫأȴδǿһ㣬ǸӲˡ
ǹ []Ĺ¡
Ͷһǧ֣պһµԪ
ϸϸĶȥżտıʲ룬չϸ̲סëȻ

·ġűʼǡһ㡣
ߴһ˵Թ۽Ƕȡһ[]Ĺ»

С˵ƪǴʮʵġ
ڴʱ
˹ǸˡȻᣬѾǸһӺˡ
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[ѵɽΧţеľ΢ɳɳ죬ĵǶĸҥźͷĴæµ̧ȥ ƵĵĴԴ]
˹ıµǳڻƻʱ
;棬·;ƣ롣˹ɽϲժĲҩҰߣȻһֽǮʹЪŵĵط
˹˵ҾסһϣҪʳͻ뿪
ڽǮķϣջǽӴ˹˴ׯڡ
վԶδע⣬ڴָʽ֮˹ŷ浽ֽ
ǳ׳ƯĵŸͼдףĹڵƼϡ
ǳĵһ
ϵĻһǳƯ׳ۡ
˹ʣʲô𣿡
˵ϲãɭβҵŮǧҪϲ¡
ɭβҵŮǧǴСⳤŮʮ꣬Ѿ̸ۼˡ
Ǵ峤ҵĶӣȰǧ꣬÷Լ˻
ЦеģڸˣСǧǿųģûбõŮˣҪӵȻðæʽа
˹ѰǧּĿɨܱߡ
ڴƷļ̌ΣŮźͷ߱Żϵ
ʴ񣬴˵ÿÿ׼
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ԼĸĸÿһԼĴ񣬶÷δ¶ֿİ
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Դ粻ɼ˵[]
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Ϊɽ񡱵ĴڣԲСɽ˵
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Ȼ׼˼֮󡭡ɽĵˡ]
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ԴáɽҪɽ񡱾ͱҪ
νɽ񡱣ʵͶľ󻯡]
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˾˾
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°ǧʶ˲ԣæġĸԼδ
ĸ͡δ򡱼ⰲο
ǧˣˡ
ûʶӣʼվûһվߵġ
Ϊ˴
Ԯ
ǧʵĹ¶ѡеġɽ
ǾɽҪһԾһǧ
ʮʱȥƭαװǸĸˡѡȫΪ˽ǧΪϸαװĴڡ
ҸǼٵģǼٵģȫǼٵġ
¶ǧֻ֮ʣġĸ͡δܵߡ
һݡ
ŵĴŰǧ޵ĻԼױ
ǧΪԼܹԼδӳȥ
ִϣ˲䵽Ԩľ԰ǧ˵̮ҲΪ
βǧźššƴţȴɱϻػΡ
䳡˻ߵıŨǶ߶еǰһڡĵ׷
ڼĶǰոսɽ˾£Ҳܲ˴̼ıˡ
[ǰǧ֮󣬰ٸн]
[дʵ˵Ϊ˴ӵδ˵Ǿտʮ꣬͸ûرӡ]
[Զԣ㽫ǧ򣬰˸ס˹˳ӵ֪ھ֡
Ȼǧȴ·;м͵͵ˡ
ȥȴôҲҲ]
[úҴӵĺѿǸӵĺ]
[˵ߵʬǲˣǸӡڲǰ֮һ档]
[Ҳûпǧ]

21űʼǡĸı༭˸顣
֮󣬼Ƥûȥ
һ༭СֹȻ˵ǹ̸С˵ʵʸûдʲô֣ǽ鼯ϡ
һ༭ӻ԰ûʲôֲ棬ѹȸȴ㣬Ҫ˵ʵĵطǰǧǶ
ǧļᶨơΣãɣͻȻĿ־塣
һŮϣı̡ʵͷƤ顣
磬ʵǻ˵ġ
ֻǰΡһΪǸμ¼ȫˣԴ̫ɹˡ
ٵȥǰΣͻַָᷢʺֱ޴ڣȫûзѸУˡ
༭Ĭá
˸̾ °ȫû취ƪůͷͯͬһдġ
ͯѧ̸ı༭ˢˢĵͷ
̸ı༭ǾͲӦúβʦƷչģ
볤ƪС˵ȣβʦͯöˡ
ǡ̫ɵĹ;ǡ͵䱦ůǽӲӵһ˶Ŀһ¡
ƪƪС˵ֱˣ
˵ܱ༭ǩ½βʦˮƽȻҡȳǩʹ˰ɣ
Ͱˡ
ϱ༭ɣĺһȲ裺ûƽɺͺСܱ༭İ칫ѾüžѾȥϵˡ
ƽɺͺꣿǸˣ
һ༭ʱĽıŤɶôôáҪǩˣⲻԭΪʲôȥҵľҪһɣ
ᾭ飿ϱ༭ĺһһۣȻ߷߲ƽҶûʸأ
ԭȥ𣡣
༭ҭһ£תͷ˿ˣͬŶĬŤͷ֡
ֹϱ༭һӧˡ
ɶȺ͵ܹ֣
ԭȺѾİԾˣ
Ȼң
ȵȣòҲһӵ˰ɣ
༭֪ͫ׵

Ⱥ༭ôҲǲ⡣
ϾǴ඼ѧҵϵˣһЩѾ˴뱲ӡ
Ĳ˵еġ
ʲôƷܹʲôƷܹ滯֪
ˮƽ£Ҳδˡ
ҵĶԱ£ͳѧֱƶ񤵽һƪΥľʹ£Ⱥ༭ǰһˡ
βߡֻᱻͱ༭͡
ͬĵ׳Ϊ߹ʺˡ˱༭ƽɺͺ꣬ʱںͽβʦʼ졣
βʦı壬îھõʼظǸл˶ԷĳޣʾԸ̸
[ǸΪԭû취ں˵Ҳ̸ܷͨĽйͨԵĻĺҲżɡ]
ƽɺͺ꣺
Ϊԭ򣡣û취˵̸
ѵ˵
λ˱༭һ˲Բ־
ʱģԼԲж
ԣʲôԵģ
̸ʲôġȻβʦԸ⣬ǵȻ֮ٿǰɣڡ
ƽɺͺսȭͷƱϵ۾
д̶ֳƷʦ
ԺܹΪλʦĵ༭ƽɺͺһܡ


9 
͹̶ǩԼî˵кôҲл
ôԶ׼
Ŀı꣬ǩԼߵĸһЩعҲӣһЩ⣬רŵĵ༭ѯҪдΪ˵геоı༭ǸҪԾһЩЩʷĻȲοϣǩԼҲ԰б༭ӹ˾ݿȡ
ȻҲÿǱ߱༭ææˡ
Щ˼ʮƷϱ༭Ȼ㡢۹ⶾܹһۿⲢ顭ͬʱҲΪ̫æԸǩԼӡ
˱༭ȻǰЩǷȱԣԻϸ飬֮ϵҲܡ
ܱ༭Ҳǿǵ£ԲŻ֮ѡ˱༭ɡ
ܱ༭ԽβʦˮƽʵôҪ༭ָڶԷͶƪĸѾȷˣص㡭Ŭչͺô
ԲԼšûչʾʯܵ
Ϸݵ糱ܱ༭ɨ۱༭һȺ͹ѹʧȥ飬ƽϰʬ޵üҡͷ
룺ɸĵ༭һ㡣
Ǹְûõ˱༭ƽɺͺӹΡ
ƽɱ༭Ǹ߲ᣬ˵ˣ˾鲻⣬ѧܸߡ
ԸǫѷºͣҪ渺
ˣġ
Ȼٷְȷ˵һȷмֵ
Ѿʮܱ༭һ½βʦд񣬶Ը˳жϡ
ıӱȻǼᶨƵдɣּˮ൱ʵƯܱ༭Ѿûôиɫˡ
ڡͯд൱ůֹۣϣζƪ21űʼǡĵһȻëȻںʮ㣬ǲҲʱζһб͹Ҳȷѿ߶Զе̬ȡ
ܱ༭룺Ӧеˣֱ˺ġ
ʲƽСӡ
һͷ׷ܱ༭̵һ裬ۣϵƶһ
ֺǺǵһڲ裬ڰ칫ҵȴƽɵĺϢ

ƽɺͺ걾ʽװŵһҿĽ
ǰűʼǱԺһĦʱ˿ȫעĺͽβʦֽ
Ϊʼܲ㣬βʦ֡޷˵ƽɺͺһʼͽüʱͨѶн
ȻԶ̽̽βʦע˺žͻ˺þá
ⲻó豸
˵⣡ϾβʦдϰߺôʺʱУӦеˣó豸Ҳ⡣
˵
ǱȽϴͳԸ񡭡᲻Ҳؿɿأ
ձҵûõСƽɺͺŵ亹ֱð
˵ԷҲңΪ༭ƽôص̬ƺЩͷͲסԷ츳ˣܱ༭ǧƽɺͺ걾ҲԽβʦƷһ顱˰
һ顱ݻ΢һ ĵȷȷƽɺͺ̡
һȵѧߡ
Ѿþûˮƽˣ
Ϊƶ̳ᵽѧ༭ϾҪһıʾ鶼ɫĶңƽɺͺ굱ȻضԴ
οβʦаԲԲ俪˺Է
ΪѧߵƽΪʲôԼ־ҡ
ƽɺͺ꣺ʲôԼͳԱ˵Ȼȫһ鰡
ƽɺͺֻ꣬
˱༭Զ̽βʦעͨѶ˺ź˺һᣬĻ˺ӵϢ
ͬ⡣
Ȼ㿪ǸԭʼͷǳƵ˺ţڵ֡
[ƽɺͺ꣺ǽβʦ]
ʮ
[1222cy030ǵġ]
ƽɺͺĸ˸˱עȻپ˵մ֡
[ƽɺͺ꣺˺Ѿעأڲϻʲô]
ƽɱ༭Ļ
ȴš
ȴ
ȡ
ٳûлظ
ƽɱ༭ʯԭλƸǶʼԼĻظǲﲻԡ
ֱڴϢʾ
[βʱûʲô⣬ǸƽҲ̫óõԴ֣ԻظٶȻһЩ£һŬϰġ]
ƽɺͺʱ˿
̫ˣԸº͵ʦ
[ƽɺͺ꣺ǣ벻ҪģһĵȴĻظģôΪһɣǩԼߵĺôһϸ˵]
ֹ˼
εĻظٶȻѾ˲١
[βõġ]
ƽɺͺ৵Ĵһλȥ״ǩԼߵƺͽո༭ĸãδصԴȵȡ
[ƽɺͺ꣺֮ܶձĻѧҵǰλĳ漯ˣǩ⣬ԲԿģ]
һߵĽβʦ˵îֻɬƶ꣬ڵεδεİ¼һ
ٶȿ쵽׵ƽɺͺˢһϢһһîհ¼ȥͱϢʾϻƫƫʮǰϹŶԼʱͨѶһͷˮȫ֪ô¡
ҪظƽɺͺĻԷûͣϢôٶȻîȫûв廰ء
Ƥ׷ֻܹŹβ͡ãȻǷڶ˵СһȦϺһĻŲ֪ðĸ
ֻĴ󹷡
ȶڰîٶȳԽ¼һɹˡ
˿
ΪһмҪŮҪչ˵Ĵ飬îʵν
Ϊ׳Եîǳʵ
ֻꡣ
ǩԼߵĻÿŸֽİһţ5000Ԫң˳滹˵ѧҵĻ껹ӡ
ƽɱ༭ӡȻлɣȻƽɱ༭ΪβʦִܹﶥĲΣϸ˵ĿǰǩԼߵĸѾִ20000ԪߵÿŸֽ50000Ԫ롣롭ɫһ⿿Ѿʲôˡ
îȻ濴ƽɱ༭ĻûôԶǽ̤ʵصĽص˻ͽ׸ꡣô˵أһ㣬Ѿȶĸ˲֪ٱ
ƪС˵дͯƪһ㹻ˣǷ׼ɵǮҲԿʼֻϡ
Ƥ׷ôţ˲١Ķż̡֡
[βҶԺԼû飬ֻһҪȷһ£Ϊԭ޷ǽ罻żκνӴҪ¶鶼޷һҲû]
ƽɺͺ꣺
༭֪Բʲôͫ׵ļᶨظ
[ƽɺͺ꣺ǵģû⣬ⷽȫίиңһæֽģβʦҲǡκҪҰæ飬ظң]
˵˻ˡû취¶˼ʵѾڼ
أˣ
Բƽɱ༭ֽۿ˺飬
һһ׾Ÿߡܴһƽɺͺ겻λ༭İ
֮ܶǩԼʹö
ͬܿͼ˹
îǩ֮һԼݣһݼĻ˳硣
¡
·ݡ
î·ˡ


10 
Сݣ²Ҹʲô
ڼҡ
Сһͷ˳ĳϴѾЩƵ˯ȹһոµ¿̸˸߲ҵ˷š
ϰķڻݱһèһըëֻոձٻĺڰ׹ʱصӰ
ܹȥš
һݾͿЦݲõĽͰ־ٵԼǰ 
㿴ҵͬѧһڵġ̸ร˵ܻͿˡǰϲɣ
ڻ߷һڡ̸ķϡ
ΪԶͯ־־ķǳůС¡
ı༭ڲƺƷۺͶƱѡصƼƪ£Ե뻭ֻͼΪ־档
ڵ־⣬ֻɰĲȮ
ȮŽƵġ̫һůƤëŲüʵĹͷ󻹰Сë׵ĴԴ΢΢ţ۾ ¶˷ǳɰ΢Цһı顣
ǳ֣
ɵĻޱգۣ˵Ļ˲˺
ŲȮɰ
ڻһֱϲĶ
Ϊͥս׾ݵԭѾܾöûµ鼮ˡ
̸ڹȥͥԼĶ
ȻȥѾһˡ
ݸո˵Ѿͯˡ΢㶹󣬽Ѿ˵İ־
ͣҪ𣿡
ŲҪֲСˣԼῴ
ͱЦˡ
׶԰СһСӣǻ˭Сأʶֹ࣬Ҳı䲻˻ֻʵ
ͱȻݴһŮǵܵͷ̷
Ҫͷ
С˵Ȼȴû˦֡
۲ǿҲ
Ժ׾סڵ
ڻһֱоǸ˸Ľ飬Ƕһլڽ
Ȼ˵ΪϰνѰԼʽͲסԵ÷Ƨ
ҪȼĸӹûѪԵĵܵܣÿ춼עŶֲôĻݡ
ԲŻΪģصȥͲ̫ͬѧ顪Ϊݹȥϲ̸
ĹԱݻûڣʱεȫԼĽ޿κΡ
ϣϴ
ڻڷǱд顱Ȼ󷭿Ǳ̸
ʮӺ
ѡ̫ɵĹ;͡͵䱦ֱķڻݶԴ
βʦ
֡
βš
ѧڻݾ֪Լˡ
ȥ׶԰Ĳ·;У·һꡣ
ǺС꣬ƽʱ˿ҲôΨʱȺ屶
һСҴææŽȥ
Բϰ壬һڵġϦʣ𣿡
ϰֲֵĻش𣺡Ѿˡ
ǸС˲ʧ䣺һʲôʱ򵽰
ͳϵˣܵ
ϰ壬ˣԤһ
ɲС
GСסˡ
⼸Ԥ̫ˡϰʼ磺ֻǸС갡õĻޣԤԼѾõĻޣԱǸˣλС磬ԼͰɡˡ
ԭͷɥС˲̧ͷȼϣʲôʲôͨ𣿡
ûУҾ˵ǶǳŽβʦİɣ
ϰȻ¶Цݣ⼸ȻѾ˽ˡϦԭ
ЩĹ˿ʹ඼ѧߣڲȦϢУһյͬŵƼͶ˵ֱˡ
ȻڿĺְѿǿҰͬϲõѣڿһ󣬾˳ܹһղء
Ȧ˲̫ļ
ΨѧȦȦԼֱ֪жôֵԴ
Ͼ̳Ѿһˡ
ƽƽƷ̫࣬޵ĽָȥҲһЩ
ܳһʱƷ̫ܴںòðһƥҲѹȺѧ߻ᷴӦȡ
ѧǣΥʦǵʵжֿ֧λʦסа
ͷддĺúõģŤͷʧĳɫ̫ˡ
ϰҲǰȦˣּǸˡ
Ʊϵ۾ϰѾظεĻٶ˵һ飺ȻϦѾûˣǡ̸пร
̸ǲǸͯ꿴ҼҿûСม
͵֧һ½βʦ
ϰһ̸˻Σ˱չ¶ţβʦʵܹƪ·ˣƪڡ̸ϣȻͯ㲻ˮƽʦдĶ𣿾ͯˮƽߵдĹ£ҲζŶ

С˲ͱˡ
ĭš̸ǿɰĲȮԥ֡ģӹ򵥵ĶűƻãȻ
վſڵķڻݣ
ֲԡβô졣
⼸ѧ·;Ѿϰ·̸ȥˡ


11 
[˽״ƾɷնĳʪϡ]
[ˡ]
[ɱĶͽ
ûˡûѡûйޣһʬ.
ʵؤҪһС]
[ֱд̣ܹɽѡ
ƫƫͷˡ
ʣΪʲôҪͷңҴɣΪȥ
ȻȴԹԽλƵɵĴϡ]
[Ҫȥʲô
˿ε죬ƮƣտҲãȻš
֪]
[ ڵⶼһеΪ˽ͷµ˺]

ձ
14꣬һͷ췢֮֯һСĻϣһˮеġ̸һҳ
Ȼ̫񣬵ְҵʵǸɱ֡
׼ȷ˵ǰɱ֡
Ϊӵ[Ԥ֪δ5֮ڷ]Ϊ[޷]֮֯ɱмʤľ
ɱ֡ʵò޷⡣
֮֯һǰľ
ԭ򡭡һӰ
֮֯ϲһ顣
ϲϵؿ˺ö鶼巳
ȻǱȴֻϾо¾ܱ֮֯궼Ҳ
ֱһλ
λͻĺȻ¾ݸ
¾Ľֱ˺ˡ
˵
ζҲ¾ֻһˣⱾС˵¾дĺ⣬⵽һʧɣֻϾоͺˡ
ԸҪʹⲿС˵İ취ֻһˡǾԼд
дС˵дˣҿʸˣⱾĽ֣ɰɡ*1
֮֯λĻˡ
ãȻĽӹ¾¾Ȼű˺ٵС˵֡ռᶨѡɱְֵҵ
֮֯ҪΪһС˵ҡ
ԤУԼȥǿտҲǷȱĶⱾС˵Ľֺõ㡣
Ϊ˸еһɱֵļ֮֯ʹ˷Ĳɱˡ*2
ڵС˵Ľûаͷ
һɱѡɱˡζŶԴ
ܹС˵ҵά֮ǰұĹ˰
֮֯ôƽš
ȻСɱֵݱԸʲô¹еã
֪Լʲô¡
Ͼڽ֮ǰļȫйءǲ𵯡Ѫʬ塢ǹٺͷʲôģڳ˵Ｘȫòϡ
ҪǣӼ߰ߣ飬һЩҵƸȫȥ
һЩʱȻҪ鵵ʱ䳤﷦ζҲ٣ûпʱ˼С˵顣֮֯շתһµʱ󣬾ͷĹ
հ
췢̾˿ʱ򣬺ĸۿںֵʼлԱˡ
ֵĻԱҲ켣֪֮֯ǵĹݣײһɵĶЩӻʬ塢𵯡ѪʲôģǰҲȽԶ
ðˡɴȥֵӦƸ뷨
ǲ֪Ըɱ˵Լܲ˳Ӷ
չ¶㹻Ĳ𵯼ɨβӦûɣ
ԥλ췢ʱ䣬ԼʣĴѧϦ
ԴӴΪһС˵֮֮֯ͿʼĿ˸ѧ 
ϦΪձһĴѧ¿ȻҲΪÿ±Ŀ֮һ
ʶβʦҲʱ顣
ʹѧһĶ꡶21űʼǡĵһº֮֯ܵǰѯʣ˼ʻнβʦƷ𣿡
Ȼ֪βʦǸոշµߣұϰ尲ԺӵĿ̸
ͯ¡
֮֯š̸ɿɰĲȮֻϦŻ¡һƬϲķΧ¿ﰢǧоǿҵ˺ѸС
ӵͲеԶ
Ȼڷ˳űҵӦҳ󣬺췢ͻı뷨
[ɱ]˺֪ڻɺȥʲô˺ĪЩӸС

[һе˺ĳ챻һλǰʩʳ񸸴ˡ]
[ʦ㻹ôᣬǿ׳ΪʲôΪ˺أȥ湤ĻڵҸİɡ
˺ҡͷ˵ˣȾѪĶͽһҲˣҸ˵Ѿˡ]
ĵ˽˺ĹȥºͲϵλ˵۾
˵ÿ˶ӵҸĻᣬƽȵÿһˡȥɿɣ˿飬ͻԭУΪҸ䱦
˺ʣҪʲôĿأ
ָ̧ͷ⣺ȻһУûκǰķ򡭡Ǿߵ̫ȥɣȥΪ˵ǸˣɹͰһΡܹͨĿˡ
һΡ
ǸӴְ
˺ǵͷˡ
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Ժ˺һ¶
ŬȥꡱǺӣȥǺӣȻǺӵһζ¶Ц֮˺еǰδе
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˸ĺӣ˸ھӣÿͺ·˶ܵõ⡭
ûаһأ
ȥ˺֪Ѿǲˡ
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ĺǻЦ˵ʱ˺ԼҲЦ
ѾٿտҲˡ
̫ѾůҪڻˡ
˭˭˭˭أ
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λѾ䱦˰ɡ
󣬰׷ԲԵ˺˺ԼȥƵˡ
ͬһУڰ֮ͽ
˺ź͵ƵºǸ˵ȥɿɡ
һСŢˣŢõꡣ
ԲҪ뿪
ûһѣҲҪԼߵ̫ȥ
Ҫصڰ
һСûзĻǾѡ񵽾˵һȥ

֮֯صԼĳⷿϸϸİſɰȮĿ̸
ΪۣϣůһƬ
ůͰ


֮֯˵ۿںֵӦƸԱ뷨
δ
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֮֯ڱʱʱ ǳɵйһ֮Եĸͼ
λšǡƺŵƺҲı˺ܶ࣬ٺ֮֯ӡЩһˡ
λźͷߣһԼҲʮġꡣ
Ǹ껳ﱧһʳԸȻҪȹƵ֮֯õöࡣ
ιʲô
űƷﻹɨ֮֯ҿ˿ָָԼ
Ǻ˵Ǹɫ̽ʳŵ̨ϣȻ˫ֲĿ֮֯
֮֯ 
รҵǽҲ糤ʶͲýˡ
̲֮֯סͷ
ô֪Һ͸ʶģ
ɻûеõ
ԳƽҲͷǳֱ׵֣֮֯롣
˵㣬ҪҪװ̽أ

î·֮󣬳Ԥϵıܺ
Ȼƽɱ༭зϢ޹£ΪһߣîŰҲ֡
[ƽɱ༭ܵ㷺עĲ廭õ˲˵ĳร]
[ƽɱ༭ǽβʦдĺãǳɫ]
ǵġ
ǡ̸ķ滹ǡϦķ棬ȫî˻ġ
һʼƽɱ༭ϵ˵༭Ʒ˹ͼΪڿķ档
îʱɵĻһ䣺[ҪԼ]
ƽɱ༭[Gʦử]
î[ġ]
ƽɱ༭ΪǽβʦĲ廭ʦƣǺܻ˵[༭ԼĲ廭ʦʦҪԼƷҲû⣬ڲĲ廭ʦʦ޸ĵģ]
îĶˡ
еԼĻĻܸܲǮǻԼƷġջû˼ڡ
һϹȥˡ
îվͰѻװãĵ˳硣
̶̼յ˽βʦķƣԭЩ̫ı༭𿪺󣬿ǻ֡ϸĻĳĬ
βʦЧʺˮƽǲ̫һ㡭
廭ˮƽǱ༭Ĳ廭ʦҲǻֻû취ô̵ʱڻѡ
ӡ𣡣
ʲôǽβʦģ
Ϊîĵ༭ƽɺͺͬŵһƬĬУ̧֣Լʦ˲廭ıꡣ
ƽʱĹͨе֪βʦƺڸծ״̬Źÿһβʦȡ߱Ļᡣ
îõһʸ꣬Ըȥ꣬˺ܾҲ֪һġ롶ͳͳǮȥ򼸱ʳ׻ؼҸƻʳ
ؼ·;ĲģβǲϽαװڴŻʹ󹷹һֵĴҡΡ

µס
԰ıʱ俪ʼˡ
--------------------
лҪ˵
֯
Ұifߣȫңⷢӵƽ硫


12 
îѡ԰ʩƣγ̰ŷḻҲ̫ԶҲ԰ʦᣬСϲ
ȻѧʷȽ£µĺô
ֳȵʱ򣬾ѾȷϹ԰״ĽǶִᵱټһƬˡ
Ͼü䡣
îȻҪܸԼС̫ҸɾѧУͯʱھܵԶЩ۾Ķ
ǰһ죬îϸϸĸ贩ÿɰСȹӣͷȻԼС̫ȥ԰дҪõһա
ĲڴﴧǮԸСС֣ȻԼƿݵš
壬һһա
㶣һȦŵͷС˿͡
ѽСѣİְأôû
ְҡЦǸˣԼԼˣ
ร˲𰡣ʵĿȻЦǺǵĴСȥա
ƬϴˣǮֽ̧ӹֽװõƬòĵл֮뿪ݡ
ŤͷڴĿԵһȴ佱ģ
̿СһԴϸʽɵĽ䱧îԹƮƮСһﻶԼĸ첲ϡ
ڶ졣
îͲ˸кʹǰ׼õǮȥ԰ˡ
ص԰ſڶ׵ʱȥ
һҳιۣ˼Һ԰Լʦ̸Ȼβ浽ĸӴңѧ˼ҴһűǼǱ
îʱŷ֣ǼǱֻѧĻ֮ҪдĶֱóƵס
ʲôӵĻͥĸԺӵĽɢɢıжʮˡϸӻ᲻ԼԷ·᲻Լϲ᲻Ҫϡ
îĿűÿֶд档
ߴСɽڽѱ֮ȻŸձʦĶСĽһŻȥ
î̧Խ԰ļΧ̨ܵǱ ϸϸĹ۲칤ԱּȻöԷĿʱϽԼԼɷѵѧԼ¡
ȺòЩ£ȫעڡ˿ļⶼ滺
ΪԻؼҵո̤ſڣͿ۴ָʾơ
λҳɷ֮뵽ұߵĽԵƬ̣ǻǷſѧǰ׼嵥
ΪѾ
ԶԶûУ
֮԰ʦҳǿᡣ
ǰһճ̰űȥ˵ٰҪĹ嵥ó
󲿷ձ԰ľߡľߺС;ߵȶȷĳߴС涨ͲʱʶָƷҪ
˵Ϊ˼ٺ֮Ĳ컯ٳ˵׼ԺǵӰ졭֮԰Դ˷ǳϸ񣬾Բ
ߴ粻ԵĻѧУҪҳԼ޸Ļ¹
Ϊ˸ԼδϹ԰ɵ 
صĴӿڴͳԼļ±ٴеĿʦ
Ʒڿѧǰ֪ͨλҳǰȡڿѧǰǵë;ߵȸƷñǣҪдѧͰ༶
ǲ;ߡˢЩˮǩëĻǽ߷ȥ
һţһˢˢˢ¼ķɿ졣

ȫŪ꣬Ѿˡ
îʱ䣬㶣ϽȫܻؼҸ󷹡
Ѿĵ緹ʱ仹´࡭îȻĺʳ
Ѿӡúθڴ󿪵һʳסѡһܺóԵ²ɫ
Ҫƻʳ£ɲ˵˵ѡ
϶׼ˡ
ֻΪİɫĹϵîöԤһЩʱѣ˵һݴͳͱʲôġŻô
ؼҺî˹Ĳһٸ߸ߣȻٵĽЬ໹ѵŰTߡ
ǽŵΧȹɴİϣϴ˸֣ڱ㱻˳ϡ
Ĵӵܳ˵˵תһȦৼ£ƿը죬գۼ䣬ͱȥƤȥǡ
ûîֶӣСܲҲȥƤ飬ƽ׹ﳴ졣
ӡСܲϣ뼦͵ζϣˤٵȣذӡ
ʱ䣬ʼ׼ˡ
˰߲ˮɳа桭ԼΪƷĽǼ
Ȼû׼ıƷ
СʱٽóС壬͸ƵĽ֭
ȫʳﶼ׼ϣîŤͷʱ䡣
ţպõ㡣
ûԷ
îİβûϲɰС졣
һУֵӸǶϸһᣬŰǷͷ
裬Էˣ
ѽ緹õ˲ϣî¥
ͬʱۼɨ˳һۡ
費ϲõճͻڹﱣţʱԾȳ

ꤵСһѸ¥
Թȥϴ֣Ȼߵϣڿ緹󣬲۾˲ǹ⡣
ڶƬ￴ǺԲԣ
ޱȾϲͺî֮ؿͣС˷ܵ˵ġ
ţǺײͣ仹нǼҪ극ſԳԡ
ΧȹûԼͳ΢Ƶش˲֣˲λá
îһǷϴһ˿ţ·ǵȴƵġ
Сһſҧסŵ˲䣬ĭ
裺
îս
һ룬赥ڵĹβͷҡڣ·ð˿ŵСС﷢Ҹ
ڴͳҳһȱչ˵îͲ裬ʳϰ൱ͳ˻
ָϲʳûнӴ
îǵһγʳ͡
ҲǵһγԵʳʳ
Ȼ
ռ²ɫõ˼СһĴޡ
óԡ
Եĸɸɾͱ߶մ˽֭
ʦĿ־ǿ˵ĳޡ
Χȹû鲻䣬ĹβѾ˵βͼССİڶš
Ȼ˵̫ˡ
îķ㡪ǼСķ˴󳵡
ͷ̫ˡ
ͷĽǡζൽţŨĺζ
²һһˡ
ԸԾСܹʱ޿Ĳ裬ʱû취ӲųЦݡ
ѵ£·𱻰µ綯һŬǣߵˡ
áóԡ
î
îβͻͣ¡סˡ
վѲĲߣȻٵȥһƿװ̡
ʰ;ʱîԼһڲ
ڳĬУĬĬѡʬ𼣡
ҪΪϸĸףһда
ɥżͷβͣһϴһô뵽

·ݡ
ѧ
ѧУƷ嵥ϵĶѾˣ԰ƷҲǰȥѧУˣǰϣîҲڲë಼Ʒ½ֺͰ༶
߻⻹[]⼸鷨һ
ѧ졣
îѵģŲָҪĶƬɫķͣİ˸ɺÿǱ裬Ȼ԰Ʒ׵СñСĵĴСһԴϣٰæ·ޡ
͵޳׼ʱîſͣ£༶԰ʦѾſڵˡ
˾һȡ
߰ɣ衣
ã
贩СƤЬԼšţߵ޳ǰ
ʦϺãǱ裡
Ϻã裬Ժʦ׾硣
׾ʦǷ΢֮Ļش
󣬰׾ʦ̲סҿ˼ۣǸ谡ĸأ
԰ʦڿѧǰÿѧϿһ飬ǼͥĲ֡
ǵ׼ͥѾ֪ˣԾԲ⺢ӵĸס
⺢߽ʣµĸƺǸư͡Ϊͥıע⺢ӵĸڱд[Ϊԭ޷˵ʲô飬鷳ͨŻʼϵ]仰
ɾеϧ⺢ӡ
ΪĶԱĸûʲôӡ󡭡԰׾ʦǴڽһĸ׵ġ
¶Է˵룺Ҫѧĸ֤С
ְֺæͳˡ
գۣĿ˿ԵȻʦǰõ˵ǰְת˵[鷳׾ʦָ̡⺢ԸЩúöǸºúӣԺͷտˡ]
ѹɤģԼİְ֣˵ԼͿĵЦ
׾ʦ㶣ҲģĲ趺Цˣĵͷ⺢޳
ڳϡ
ʽǰСĵĳҿһۣȻͷվŵİ֣õЦݣ죬ÿ˵
[ҳְ֣]
Ƿ˻ιβͣһųڵĲ衣ɤͳ
һ·Сġ


13 
Ͳ޳îԭһֱվβͲ̵ת˼ҡ
ű򿪡Ĺϡ
ɽǵʼζļ
Ȱԡϴ·ϴ»˵һϴҺڰˮλͿʼ󣬾Ϳʼȥιӣ飬ǳɨĸϸ
󣬾ͰɨءϵءǶûзŹ
Щϴ»һҲѾתˡ
ǰʪ·õԺ¼ɹ

Ϊ˲ÿ춼Ѵʱ䡢Դ˲䷳ڽ߾ȫı֤ÿ䶼ûг¾ɵĻҳ
ǶԴһ
桪Ѿ˻սϸ۹۲״ĳ̶ˡ
Ӵɨ漰ΧîÿļڵĴɨ
תů˴̫ӣʱʱ[Ҫѱҵ̨ȥɹ]ĶĿ
Ҳֻǿ׳ķôɵڶ̶СʱôӴĹˡ
һ״򲻶ļĸ¡
ôһ׷ļ֮Ѿʮˡ
Ҫٽ̵֣ҲҪȥ׼緹ȻͿ鶨վڿһǷľľķ˻
Ȼ˵᲻ã񡭡
Ƥ׷õͳţ̧쵽˺ףͷɵëƶһİ׷
΢е㲻ϰˡ
ûǸֵСһߣֻԼһˡ
㱺񿴵˹ȥʮһ

Ͳͬˡ
Լ׵˻Դתͷĺ׼֪ӵλ
λǰССĴɰ׻ƿîĻԱ߻һв̡
ǲе㶪أǰĵĶԲ˵[Ͳį]ֻ
Ȼе㶪˰ɣĸ״ˡ
ͨԵͥԺűͨˡ
ߴĸλЩΪĵڷбģ

îǸԵĿɿˡ
ܿ͵̬ѧԼʱٰš
˵Ĺġš
[ƽɱ༭ϸڿĶ߷൱รкö߼żأ]
[ƽɱ༭21űʼǡյ̶ֳȵķҵǲ棬̸ϵĶƪͯҲܵõôҵķû뵽ġ]
[ƽɱ༭ȻҲָβʦͯдòĲǣʦÿֶǳľޣѾǶٶʮˣкúղ]
[ƽɱ༭ֻڿȣ̸ڱȽоԣϸµᷭʵǺܾ棬Ǵվϵ֪ԭ򡭡ǵģ˵صǡкܶ¶߶Ϊ˽βʦȥ򡶻̸ร]
[ƽɱ༭ҼûСֻǴֽ֧βʦԲƼˡ̸ٶȱʦˣǽβʦͯҲ˾ʣȻ͡21űʼǡķȻͬɲʧΪһƪ¡ʦƪͯůᣬڣڴʦ¸µ]
[ƽɱ༭ҴվϽĻظรĵߵģҶ¹·ǳڴ]
༭ƽɺͺļظٶˢ
îĵԵεδͣϢһһð
ʲô
ȫƽɱ༭Ϊʲôܴôĵ԰׳նˢϢ޴롣˾ᣬָֻ[ǣһŬ]⼸ַȥ
ƽɱ༭ӳĹĵһţѾнٷˡ
յݵһŷƬ𾪡
[ƽɱ༭ʦյ]
[βǵģһúûظЩżġ]
î仰ʱ򣬸еԼԿǶڲϳʹ
ôšҪظأ
[ƽɱ༭ Gһظ]
[ƽɱ༭Ƕ߸ϲʦĹƶȣǿҪŵģ]
ɼĸ׽̵ڣîھ󣬻һһ۵ڼ֣[ǣżظĻԵòòɡ]
һͷƽɺͺҡͷ[벻Ҫô룬ǳǩԼʦҿԺܸε˵ĲҪһظֻǳ֯ĶʦĹƶȶѣοԺż϶ڸ࣬Ȼǻæѡˣȫظѵʱ̫ˣὥдʱ仹]
ҪΪ˻ŶдӣǲǶԶ߻ǶԳ˵òʧ
ȻЧ׵ĽβʦѾǰ·ݵĸˡ
[ƽɱ༭ʵǲĵĻڿʵҲߵĸרԷʦĸ˼󲿷żͳһרлԽβʦҪҪšѡԻظͿˣ]
в̫˽ٶ۵ͷ
űúõķî鷿
һпʱ䣬ͻȥѶó
ȻһȫظȻÿŶúõĿꡣ

·Ѯ
îǿϰ˲ѧڼҵӡ
Ϊ׶԰緹緹ƽʱ˵ʱ䶼Ƴٵ˲ߵѧ󡪡ĩż١
ĳ죬ա
îȥвճƷʱ·ļͥǵġ
ʱؼ۲Ȼܰʱ򶼲أƫƫҼҵСȫⲻζޣҪʲôߵࡣ
Ļϰ˵ɣ
ϰ˵󣿡
㲻֪ҳʡ˵ͿʼδˣԴۣгĻˡ
ļٵģ
ȻģҲͦģϾ˵֡Щʶ൱ʣؼﶳٳԶζϾһҲ̫ںʲôζϲ㣬ҿ϶ؼ⡭
վԭأеŮ·
ޱŹϵĹβͼȴ̲ס˶
ؼ۵ġ࣡
Ժﱻը졣
Ҳ裬ǳǳϲ
Ļܹһ뷹
ѧϰ²׵ʱîҲǰעӰϡ
ǡ
²׵оǻεķʧܡ
ԴϻذѽǰͷîͶоޱء
ƽʱû[]Ҫظʱͻòѧʱڳ͵͵ϰ
Ȼ˷ʳǲõġϰʧƷȫԼĶڣҲۡ
ֻҪһ Ǹ[Ǽ]ʾû⡣
ͷĽǣζî˵ֱǰ˥ʱȵĿɬҩ֭һ֪ԼԻӣҲʵû취ʡ
֮ܶ
ϰʳף϶Ҫϵġ
Ϲ࣬Ȼϵؼ⵱ʵƷȽϺðɣ

ţ180gֻҪ680Ԫ
Ҳǰ۴
ϰ˵㡣
λȵִﳬе½ͥ΢΢ŴԼĺ۾űʣļ۸ǩͷ·𿴵硣
Ȼϱ඼Ǳʣµġʣ۸ҲǱ˺öࡣǸߵţ⣬۸ֱ͵
ϰ׵ʵƷٺòˡ
îǮֽ𣬵ϵװ˲ؼ⡣
ڰǰһдۡǳʵı˼ʱɫĴֺһֻںӵСˡ
îʶջ֣ײϣͬʱĿϧĴø·ˡ
û뵽һֵֻҲסˡ


ߴĺƤãŤͷ⧲ĺƯ۾ĺӶߡ
סˣʶǺӸ˿
ûˡ
λ۾ĺӡվŶȶîһЩķڻԼŹ΢΢ԼСԴƽĿλ
ΪʲôôСĺӻڴϵۿƷ
ΪʲôλĵÿγֶͿһûаڸС
ڣڻҲ˵ð˸Եɻ
һʱ˳Ĭ
--------------------
лҪ˵
ݻСѧһ꼶ûüĸʧġ
ڼĸʧǰµѿʱ
Թʽ飩
ﹾ˽5t5Ѯ
ʱѮ˽ݻǰոձĸ¡


14 
ƳĬģǸ׵ķڻݡ
Ϻã
ƺ֪ǰϲעĿԻݵᣬٲԶߵע
Ȼî·ʱضcosplayĴͿŵȫͺ[עĿ]ֳϹϵ
˵񶼲֪Էô۹ŹֵĴȴɺ޴ڸеġѵ˵ǶԷġʽ
۾СһǿӼеġ顱ҵܵĴ𰸣ţܿ£ע
֮Ϊ˲ǰλòٶ̫Ҫ鷳ĺٶתߣݵٺܿ졣΢΢ǷżľС˵
֮ǰҪлһֱûٴ
ǵһμʱ龰ǺǱؼĽ顭ķǳлİ 
îġ顱ոдġ
ÿһֶǳƯΪ˱׵ĻݲʶƧֺͺϱעʮ
һ֪ר׼Ķ
޷˵Լ飬ֻεİ¼
ȺòٴССĺޱĳλ˵л
Ƥ׷黷ܺ󣬳ɵİ[װ뿪]뷨¡
ֶŵƣͷŰĺСڹ۲ʲôŶԷĻ
ֻîûڡ
⺢ƺҲ޷îǵõظ¡
ڻֻл֮󣬽ŵǺдȫ۸ʵݵļȻŽîűߵĹ
ѼóȥСٶǷǷ
ˡ
ڻһô˵ţһɰԼȥ
һǷîٶ۵ĵͷ˿ԼǺм⡣
һ৵̧ͷ΢㶵ĿݵӰ
ǺССӰȣԷĹԵôһȦ

ڻʳġ
Ϊĸǰڴҳûؼʳģ֪ȥʲôʱȥʵݡ
ϰ˵кܶûؼ߲ˣȻ˰ģҲûѡ񡭡ٱܳԡ
Ҫǣﻹʵݵؼ⡣
˵ոǺкʵļ⣬Ǹԭ۾ͺʵݣۺ۸͸ˡλԼĺҲҪ򣬻ݴ˵ʲô
Ϊʲôһ
ȻΪԭĴʧˡ
ǰ
ڻݵļĸһţ뿪ˡ
ŵݺܼࡣ
[Բ޷˵Լ޷ҵĿ֧ټ]
ֻһ֡
ͬʱŷﻹһƱ
Ǽĸǵѡ
٣ʡԼõĻֻܹ֧СһµĻʳ⻹ˮѡ
һºô졭ʧļĸȻ޷ٿôࡣ
˰ɡ
ڻԼᱻľ
ֻ޷⡪Ϊʲôĸѽһ¡
Ϊʲô߽ͣ
ҲһŮɣ
ȲҲԣ£ЦҲǳůһҲչˡ
ԣΪʲô
׵ķڻĶˡ
ȥԺΨ޷ŽҲŵֵط
ǲǰӲŲ˸Ժĳš
ǲܷڻôԸ⣬ʵǡĸȷʧˡ
˷ڻݣŮֻһµѣҲˡ
СòΪ
͸󷹣ڻæȥ۵ʳġ
Ϊ۵ʳģݴҪš⵱Ȼ԰ȫΪɾܾˡ
ֱڻھ֮£ѡԼʽٻ˳
ѧһµѾʹԼʽķڻݺͽ̹ԼʽĴڡ
ȻͿݿŶԷȥһһ׵Ĵ󹷡
СںС׻ᱣңǺǿԣûϵġ
ĴڣֻչԼ΢ڲͬһ֡Ϊýͷġ
֪;Բ˺ʵҲȷˡ
һᾡؼҡÿϳŶԼĽ֤ܾĸ档
ȻԼҵĹԢеƫԶĳУѰˡԤʳġ
Ǯ쵽ôأ
ڼҵС֪
ֻһǰߣŲͿ־

ڻݹʳѽʣµһ͵İײˡЩͷŽתս㵱ŬŽżӻΪԴһ۵ı㵱Ա˼۸ޱĽŽԼĹ
͹ﳵȻСö࣬ȻĶҲָ
ȥ򵥵ķڻתЩײλڸСĿ
ݺһѵͷŲ֪ʲôʱĺƤ飬

ȻҲʶԼ⺢ӵĺ࣬ɺһ΢΢ܽ˵߷ͬһˮƽϡ
îĺޱĿǰ͸̵ĳγ۾
۲˷ڻõîһοں⺢˵
ĸĸأ
îɤͳ΢ƣǳأмǿʶԡ
ȻɶһŲ̫ǷȻ΢΢üȴ͸¶ġ
״αԵ˴Ļݾô˴ðκŻعȻʶԷʲô󣬷ڻʶĵͷ˳ĬԾİѹԼ˲ء
ʱĬõĻش
ǰٱҰСʦî֪ʶࡣ
⺢ӣ໤
Ǳ˰ɡ
Ϊʲô
ϴĸ⺢ӼҸ͸۲ʱ򣬿úõġ
Ǳ¶쳣
ΪǱ顱Բ⺢ѧϰʹʱ
⺢ӹȥεĺܺá

Ϊ⺢ǰúܺãԾȻԺҲûԼʵ̫޴ˡ
סˣûʲôǷľľġ
һʱ䣬ҵĲ²⵼µ𼸺Ҫû
ǺæԼ
ڻݺһŸ˴𰸣ͼΪΣȻѾ̫ˡ
Сֵܱô졭ȻԶԶ
ƺҲԼش̫̫ʧܣյСһ򴽡
ǲԼͥǰ֪ôȻ࣬Ҳ֪Է֣ԷʵδæķڻȴмΡ
λǸˡ
ǸӵĺˡȻøߴ󡢴Ҳֹ֣ȴͲһؼʳģ翴Ϊ΢
ΪǺˣǻΪİСõ䡱䡱žͻѴʱΪרˡ顱ĺˡԻݲŲҪ鷳Է
ܸԷ鷳
ڻôţŴҴҳǰǷԼĹתܡ

ݽŵ̨ԶԶ˺þá
ȷûпλŹֵĸߴ˺ԼĹȥ򵥡
ԴĹһŰײб㵱ٵÿȻѾǷڼСһĻʳˡ
ڻݰѹϣճţûú󣬾ٶˡ
ڻݣ
î
վСǰǷãСĿڣʣؼ 
ôߴ˶ˡ
Ȼʳ仰ʱȴСںһֻ̻̲è

ڻݱĬԵͻ˼ҡ
ְ
Щ˻ԼȴҲ˻ΪûѪԵϵİӶĬĬػ
һһ鰲·ϡ
îƽİӡ
Ϊ˸⺢㹻İȫУî⺢ӱһ룬ԼֻС
î110
ݣ
֮һ·ԡ
ԸеĻݵȷǱ˼־裬ڼִԼԢڵסլΧʱ˷ֿ
îͷӹݻֻȻԼڻݵĹ
òǷǷлûԼӣ˼ȻԼеԡ
ԼĹһۡ
⡣
⡢ţǺзʮļ⡣

Բ۾СһϽͷ
Ȼֻ˲һӡ
ǸԭվԼػһĬءˡѾʧӰˡ
--------------------
лҪ˵
èСã
1.ȡèĻ
2.ŻèͶιýһ
3.׼èѣͼĹͨãȻ׼һèϲ
4.Լеèûèǰͷ.jpg


15 
ڻݴԼĹ˼ҡ
صȴĽ͸š
һķڻȻѽһ
ݡĽͱЩңͰͣЩģรССȥ͵
ݴȥǮĶ۸ȫƥ䡣
ǵڲǰոչ¶Ҳѹֽͻ˲ķ롣
Ͼͨ˿ĹҲ̫ʺ͵ˡ
ڻסˣεĿڣûС
ͺ
ֻһ򵥵ķ񶨣Ȼ˲˿
͵ӻֱ̿Ϊɻ󣺡Щģ
ڻݳĬһᡣ
ڽٶȲ֮ǰڷ۵Сһй̹ˡ
ֻһһ׵Ĵ󹷹󣬷ڻְԼλĵġԼĽ㡣
ȻǰѺ[]صĲȡİ汾
ݰѳμʱ[]ĳĬĬ۸Ϊ[ԼƦ鷳]
ݵġ顱ҲΪżĿͷָ
ͱľŻˡ
ź֪ңᵽλɾ˼֣ԣλǾȹһΣ̻[ʶ]Լ[ʹ÷ʽ]Ķˡ
ڻӦһ
ͿŹĶЩҲλ͵͵ģ
ڻĬĬͷ
Ľգգ۾ĸ̾ĺء
˵ǸϲºҲĵıˡ
ڻƿߡСþ׺ݵıСش͵Ļ
㶡
ܵǾĲκЦ

һǳĳɫ˰ɡ
һзͬѰ˸ܹ˲ǿҰȫУֱ
ȻҾǿĻݣҲ˵λʱ¶ɰıŤ顣
èҵεͬһܵı¶׽ȴΪ֡ǡŬԼ顣
ΪԷǸĺˣԲŲҪöԷĺ⡢ĸƵ֡ǡ
ǻݻѡأ롣
ڻЦ󣬸Ӿܾˡ
죬˳۽ޣܽӲ
޷ƵĻ𲻾ǰλСҪԼؼʱ
Ĺ֡
Ĺ֡
ôأ
ڻ[ֻҪԼԸ⿪һܹõӦ]Ĵ
Ǵɣ
Ǵˡ
ȻĻǾǸˡ

Ȼڻݻǵ͹˱˵ı̶ȡ
żĵڶ졣
ѧķڻݱһӣЩհס
Ϊʲôأ
Ѿ֪ٴ뵽ˡ
Ȼλÿζܹˢ»ݵ֪
ѾģԶȥֱĸ
ӡмδܹ˳谮ֻܹͬ׵ĽΪĻݵͷŴĶ鿴ãȻ޴롣
װֹ㵱㵱лСèӡĲͲϸϸİӵĽ仹ķţ̡
ڻݴӴҵһűǩøֱдһλܾصĻ
[ڼңСˣĻѧУԡ
ҪǲҪĻ鷳ǰɣ]
ûбע
͡顱һģһƯּ÷ڻ˲ϳߵݡ
Ǹûдڸеġ
ԷôҵԼҵģô֪ڼӵġڻݱӦģڴʱ˿Ϣ
ڻ޷淽ȥǸˣͷԻ֮ʻԷɣ
ʧȻû뿪
ԶĿһؼ˰ɣע⵽ҿŵĽ˰ɣ
ôǶ⡣
ô϶ţҲô϶š
ΪͽôСڻ໤޿ʲôûС
λǿֿĴڸСҪʲô£Ҫô¡
ԣڻݻ㱵ó˽ۡ
ǸϢͨıѾ֪˷ڼҵ
Էʣģ޷Ӷ

Ժ
ڼҵĽܱӰġ˳һµͶι

Ͷιĵһ졣
յ㵱ķڽڷѧؼҺİѱ㵱ϴɾҷŵͻд˱ǩŽȥȻ󽫴ӷ⡣
[to֪ĺǳлĺ⣡㵱ķǳóԣǺܵĻ鷳̫࣬벻Ҫôˣǿչ˺Լ]
𣿡Сʡ
֪ϣɡ
ʵ֤λȷˡ
㣬ڼҵű졣
ݰѷۺã⿴˿
װſձ㵱еľɴӱˡ
ͬʱһ´ӱ˵ϡ

ڻݸϽѷ⿪ܳȥסǽ¥¥¿
ȻǹԢȻ¥£ûǸֵ˵Ӱ
תͷûȫ֪ôܵôġ
ڻϵ´ӣȻװгı㵱
˷ݣʽٵ޷ܾ㵱ԡ
[鷳ˡ
ܳԵµĻæԵɣȻǾҪ˷ѵˡ]
ոµּ
ԼȻǿͻصıǩʱдݡ
Ǽһֽʵ
صǡʲô׾ӵĻ԰
ı㵱д򿪣Ǿ˵ζ˽֭ĺʵ⣬׵ľĲˣ㳦ϺʾдˮУ׷һ֥׺
Ͱͱ㵱һʢ
Ųǡˡܹ͵ĳ̶ȡ
ΰѿձ㵱зſں󸽴ıǩǻдġ
[ллȻĺܸлⲢǡˡɣ벻Ҫټˣûа취رʲô޷İýĺ⡣]
ա
׼ѧ
ǹԢſڣµı㵱һٶȳˡ
λʼղϳڷڽǰġд˺ܳһλ
[ǳǸƭǣҵı⡣
һŮǲΪϰµĲס
˵ĿζСӲһǸúӣ˵ĶҲĳ꣬ҲҪǿԼ
ˣҵĿʵҪǰҳ²׵ζ
ҺҪǶԱ㵱ķǵ۶˵ǳҪ
ԣˣҵĲ֮룬ҹӶǡ
ҳ²ɫζɣҹʳζķֻǿ԰ҵ顣]
ڻݣ
ڻݣҲŲô򵥾ͻᱻƭСӰ
ΪôôͿ˵
ǸˡɶֽƻĴˡ˭˵ǰ
ССĺڷŽ±㵱Ⱥġ
һ㲢ôԵ¶ȣ·ܹͨĵĴ嶼ů
ڻݵԴκ˿Լı顣
ˡ

Ժ󣬱ǩĽڼ
ÿ춼дʳķ
żҲ̵飬Ȼɽһдȥ
ȻСļʶ̫խˡ
ƷʳҲ̫٣ζĶ岻ߣ˴ʱķֻСóԡǳζѵݡ
ɾλÿ춼ôʻظһ[ллæ]ıǩ
ͺǵжôһ
ÿܶСꡱ
Ǹÿһݵ㻨Ǯ
ȻǿǱ꣬ǳд˱ǩ
[ܵĹʣлܵŬպãҪŪˡ]
ʡŷװõģֱд˵֣ڣ˵[4.20-4.26չʽ]ۡ
ͺСһڸ׬һ
ʧȥ˼໤ˡΪҪΪķڽܣճƺδʲô̫ı仯ƺһ㡣
뿪ķڷµǱʡѡһ¿Ҫʱûٶ١

һֱҪлλ
üζţͼλ֪ձ㵱еʱȥס
Ȼûһγɹġ
˵սŰܡ
ųˣȻû취סλ¶
ֻܹ˶εЩ顣
ĩԼһСɣֽӰãֳݣһ⡣
[ĵŮ]
ڶһõظ
[ζҺҵŮǳϲлл]
׼ȷ˵λڴʱһظǵıǩ
²ǺʳζصݣֻͨͨźͼţҲõĻظ
ͣ[ݽ챻ʦˣС˵һ]
֪[ܹô˵ӱʵǷǳ˲]
ݣ[ҪôѵԼʽȽϺأҾҵʽƺֹСںСȴ̫ô̽]
֪[иʽҪո࣬Ҫ͸ҪѵĻʹӳʱάֵһʽʼɣڻ̫Сˣһעִ磬Ҫɡ]
֪ʲôʱ𣬷ڼҵСʼڴÿıǩ
Աǩڴζʳ
ֵһǣλǻظÿ仰ġΨһֱǩǱ̸ܶ
Ǿǡ͡桱Ҫֳʵıǩ
ܷڼҵĽôĨǵдᱻԷװ
ܾΡķڻҪסλܾˡ
Ͼһÿ춼Сֻë׵Ĵظ׵㡣Ҳ
ڼҴûôԾֹ
ǻݡ
Ǹ䵭СһαֵС
ΪץסλȥҴҵġд˼ƻ
--------------------
лҪ˵
îĿǰûݻݺͽ͵뷨ม
ΪԼݣֻҪû¶ûܺͿ϶壬;Բð뷨
ڷǳգ֪ôˣȻͶιһºԼԶͶιȥҲǲԡ
ڽܻǻᱻȥ
ޱǷΪ˲סÿ춼ܵĺ.jpg


16 
[ǲΪǱ顱Բ⺢ѧϰʹʱСı¶ԭεĺܺõ쳣Ȼ󱻼أ]
ΪĲ²ΣŻɥȥעǸӡ

żͻؼҵǸϣîȷڻֱûֱ뿪
ƵڰƶλúͽǶȣǺӰȫĻؼҡ
ʵ˵ڿ͸ݿŵʱîйһ˲[Լǲ]ڴ
ϾǺӲûֱӳϡԼĸĸʧ¡
˵Լ̫أ
˵Լأ
îԼ˴
Ȼ⡣

ְ֣ΪʲôǸСΪʽͱĸأŮ
֮ǰ֪ʶʱǲǺ˵һ仰㳤֮ǰζӡҲԲ򿴲ͨ䡣
ǵģ
ϸһ£˵ԭ𣿡
ССŮŴ˵Ĺβͣ۵һţڤ˼룬һʱȻʣˣΪ˻Ầ£ԲҪװһֱĺܺร
ɥĴŮԴޣõͳ΢Ƶɤ˵
ԣԭ򡣡

îҪʱչ˷ڼʧȥ໤չ˵С
ⲻŲ衣
ߴΪ׾ͺӶԷ뷨潻Ǽҵĳ̬
ھò԰ʱîѾĻ֪ʶϸ̵Էˡ
顢ʦʽî˵
Լǿʵж⺢һһ̹ס
Ҫô
ΪòͨӵȦС̫ܲ˺
ĳʶãîʵҲˡ
Ψһ޷⡭˵ǱʶԸ飬ֻС¡
Ϊ˽һ㣬î˺ܴ󹦷
ܵĴһʵҴ
î޴İοСһܾã۵ģŵԶԼŮŰѿ޵üҪĲá
îǱһڣ䷳ĺǰӵչŰѲĲɢ
ֱڣǿԺ̸ص顣

Ϊʲô÷ڼҵǺΪ¶[쳣]űأ
ʱ̫ˡ
ǡîѡ顱ǺӺû÷ġ
îѾ̫ĲΪĲ²⡣
[Ϊ࣬˺ӡ]
[Ϊ࣬˺ӡ]
飬ͨ˵绹ʦ磬
һʼ޷[]Ǻ¡־[]Ϊ[]ֶԣͻѡԶ롭˺[]
֪ڵĹβͷ·ǵĺ𣿡
Ƥ׷ĬһᣬѲ豧£Լʵ֣ŮԼš
Ͽ޾ʽԸʺ临һһָƽͳĵͷǵĺӡ
[ĸĸ䡢Ҳ磬׼ϣڷԼĺӵгɫ޷ܵǱѡ˱ҡ]
׼ôî˵
䱦С̫ʵҲǸĸġࡱ
˶ûаһʵ߲衣
Ůûѯʵǰ£îҲû˵
ȷԼ̹Լ֮ϻ۵ĺûвµһ㡣
î޷ѯʡ
ֻܸӵİŬȥѲȱٵĸĸذȫ
Ƥ׷ڳ˲пġʵ󣬺ͣ٣ٵĳнһ˻
Ҳһ˲һ
һ˿ܻе棬ԲԼļˣŬĽܣܶԷʲôģҲɻᰮ
Ҳкܶࡣ
ǲƽġ
иӱҵˣҲи˵ˡ
١벻ҪΪһĺڰͱԼ۾
Ͼǳ˸ָĿԡ
ĹâܹĹâδȴš
ŵĲЦ
ֹۣûа
֪รҺͰְһ
Ůζ
ϲΪ顢˿Ҳһİְ֣ҲϲְֵĹβͺͽǡְҲϲ顢ûβͺͽǵĲ衣
Ȼʽȫһɰű˴ˡ
ĲǼˡ
ůɫ۾Ⱥˮ͸
ҺȷţλС飬һǰְֵĴ
Ϊ[һ]ӡǲŲǼˡ
Դîѡ顱λСʦŹ˶أ
Ұɣ
ݵʱ䣬ܹѺľ
ֱкǿĲòԡ
ǲîǸԭ򣬲趼Լͷıְʲô
谮СΨֱ׳ƫζȷһ¡
ǸСʦǰ໤һ⡣

ںͲ轻֮îʼĬĬעڼҵӡ
ÿͶιǣñǩŬ˵ǽԼı㵱֪ñǩˡ
֪Լ˵ǽܱ㵱ġڡã벻õɣֻܹӲͷƤһȥֻҪԼ㹻ܹʤԭ򣬰ĺǿСһ
ġڡʵҲǽڡ
ݺͽͶԱ㵱ζۣȷîá
ȻǱǩ˵ġƷ²ζûô
ܹͨЩ򵥵ۣĬĬСһʳƫá
ݵĿζƫأԷ˽˿ƫǩϳ޵Ĵࡣ
͵ĿζȽϾ⣬߲˶ϲζ嵭һЩ
ͨһµıǩϵĵСһĻʳʳѾ
îǴʱչ˷ڼҵСȻŬ취µļ໤ˡ
ȻΪ顢ǸʮǰϹŶڻûκ
ҪڲˡԼҲóǰ¸Сһҵ໤ˡǲܵ顣
îΨһʶҿ԰һֻк׼ɣȻСһһʦ츳һûУǴʲԸֿôܸͨ˼ͥʦ̫ͥ롣ڵĻɵĻǽǶ׼չ˰ɣ
ڵĺ׼ҡԲС
ȻԼѡ񣬲Ȼ⣬ǣîԼȴ޷ԼΪ䡱һϰ
[]໤ˣ˭ܹ׽ܵİɣ
ɡͶιһ¡
Ϊ̫ƽͣõԼԶͶιȥҲûʲô⡣
ȫԸڼС
Ψһοյ顭СһԽԽġ׽ƻ
ΪܾΡ롱ıܿСһλصķݺͽͿʼϾˡ
Ϊץͱ㵱ĳ飬ʼ塣
ݵֻʽ񹷹¥ݿǣʱ䣬ǰ¥±ؾ·߲ţݻʦͨĥʽ÷ѧſڿձ㵱еӰзȻӰӵʱ䲻㳤ʱΪ̫Ӱ︡
սŰܵķڻİѡʽץסˡѵ
ΪܵѶֱ
ȻڱСһǴסÿķñ㵱ĽǶȡ·ߵƶ̬ܵЩǧٹ֣ΪΡ
ճһֱ³
һͻƽ͵ճ


17 
ѧգΪ޳ߵˣîǰţߵʵͱ㵱͵ڼңȻٻؼҡ
͵ڴ峿á
ĩϢգͺ;ͷֿˣõĴһΡ
ߵͣʮͣ͡
ΪѧУòîĩ׼ĻʳʢЩḽҪصζֹƷ
˵ûӦʹĬļ⣬ڼҵС֮ƽһֱάֵĺܺá
Ƿű㵱ͻձ㵱еʱ̶ܹʲô鵢һᣬҲͨǩǰ˵
ڻݲٴ϶һҹ·ȥԶʳؼʳˡ
ҲٲŰӣ۵СԼ͵ܵ
ôһԭЩɷڼԻݺͽ˵[ȥˣ԰æڼ]˵ЩɵھӶջע
îԶͶιϰߣþȥҲûʲôáֱʵһơ
һ˵չСӲûôףپԲֻͶιͿԵġ
Ϊԭ޷[¶]ƽʱֱӿӵĴ࣬СֺȫĲ費һϲϲǵĶԸ
ĺӣرǰδõ໤˵ϸչ˵ġֿǻȽһЩ

ĩ
ʮӡ
ڼСѾ͹Թϴ˯ʱ䡣
ͷˡ
ͷ۵ȫʹ亹ðͣӲ˯Ūѡ
Ժ´ͶͨҡҡλεߡԴѾ̫˼ԼֻǾܣԼԼ˵ʶΪûпߺĴڣΪֲϣø׵Ļݵ£ʲôû˵
ֻҪһˮȣȥһҩ¼ƺʹҩ
Ȼ߹Լ״
ҡҡλε߳ȥŽһˮûȥΪͷĿѣˤڵϡ
ž
ˤ˵棬ڼžļ﷢˾졣
һ˯˵Ļ˲䱻ѡ
۾һᣬûĶ
ǽͳСĴʲôڿ϶ȥɨѴɨ϶ϸ΢ĽŲɨƬĶ
ʲôûС
ڻ
´ֻֽ̧󹷹ٻ˳ɫֻöԷȥ͵ķ䣬ԼǴŰɫֻķ
Ȼ󣬻ͫ
ͣ
æѵƴ򿪣ܹȥѵڵϵŮϰöԷԴԼϡ
͵Ķͷǿŵ¶ŵˡ

ձȿǵĶ˽
ڿơơٿơơÿ˽Ҫְ𶼷ֵĺϸ£ҵһ˺ٻᵽЩסլΪƫԶҽԺҪסԺش󼲲
Ȼձ˽ȴôߡ
ҽǻֻӪҵ㣬°ˣһĹͼӰ൳Ҫֻܹ١ĩţ¿ˣҲֻӪҵ*1
ҽ°ൽҹʱ䣬ζҪҽֻܹѡȥĻߴҽԺ
ȻʣѡԻ˵ɲѺá
̫СˣһᱻҪϵҳ
ҹ伱
û취[ĸϰԼ]ֽɻȥпܣҹļ;ԲˡȻᱻܾƣȻᱻҪҳӴ
ҲҳĻһᱻҽԺϵϱͯͽԺ
ϵ
ݸ£˲ʹ뷨
40.2ˡ
ѾǼ򵥷ܹĳ̶ȣһСľͻغ֢ĸȡ
ʲô˲ˡ
ҽԺ̫Զûдڵû취ǰȾȻҲ̫ˣԻѡ˼ģճ绰ԤԼҴ˵ͱ͡ϼеǮСС۵ԼĽ˹ȥ

ձҹ伱Ĳʩޣһ㲻ȵļ飬ֻ
Ψһҵǽ̫æ˽͵һʱõϡ
ֵҽҲ͵һ
ڼ£ڸһ㡣
ǻæİСﱧȥӦһ·СĻǱʿС˷̨Ǳߡ
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ʿС㵣ĵૣλССͨ
Сѣİְأ
Һͽǵ׼ͥ࣬ҪͨڸϲѾϵˡ
ڻϺͶͷðȺ˶ԺΣ뵽Ľ˵˳
벻Ҫģд㹻ǮԸ͵Ǽǲ
ʿСüǣĽ״ʵеȻüҳٹ
ζ鲻ա
ݾϵ˵ŬݳΪѺ޴ģȻ̫ϷСţΪƶѵ׼ͥСӡֵ쾡£ĺѲҵԡ
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ձĵƶܵӣҼҵʽֻЩʱάǳסһҲ֪һ
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ĸ׵ĵ绰
ļĸͻֻˣϵϡ
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ҽ˵ǺҪ۲죬ȵתƵרŵҽԺȥм⡣
ǵúͼҳϵаʿС쾪
ʾ֭ķڻݸϽûڣѾ˵ˣ°̹֮ǰҽˣ
ʿСԥ˺ܾãòˣִϵӼҳû취Ǿ͵ȵɣȥǼһ»ϢɷѵҲˣҴȥǮ
ʱ˻ѵķڻǿͷǮʿСȻһ㡣
òϸոյȷе㵣⺢ӸҽƷѡ
Ǯˣ鶼˵
ڽͲĬĬʿСһС̺ӣϢһ£ҲֻòĵлȻԴ
졭ûʣˡ
Ҫҵһ԰æûм໤˵Ĺ¶һʵĴأ
ûѡ
ǵġ
ʵϣһ[ֻҪԸ⿪һܹõӦ]ѡڡ
λ
ڻڷͷպ󣬵һʱ뵽˶Է
ͽͷǳϲ
еСŤķڻݶ޷һ㡣
Ϊ̫ϲˣԲŲҪĸԷ鷳
ͷǻݻǽͣȥ鷳Է
ûа취ˡ
λ޿ķڽΨһľݡ
һԡԼĸϵΪɣȥͻʿСֻ
绰ĻǱร
ûаְֵĵ绰ֻеַڻСԣҪԷʼõܹǰҺͽ㡣
֪ΪʲôԸֻġԼĵŵϵʽС
ݲ֪ڿҪһӵ£λܲܿϢȥˡ
[Ƿڻݡ]
[ͷˣXXXֵĽƣҽ˵ǼУҪɼҳͣ͵ҽԺܼơ]
[ˣǣҪһ˰æ]
ݰʼȥ֮ɾʷ¼Ȼֻ˻ʿС㡣
ʼײȵ绰
λܾ쿴
ڻڽ͵ĲﱧŻʿСĸС̺ӣĲ

һߡ
Ҫ˯ߵڷֱܱ飬дµĸӡ
ֻ㿪ʼ
һ벻ʱ򣬺Ƥ׷صվ賿һԼףճ˲ϵġȫʩžʹҴҳš
--------------------
лҪ˵
*1 ձҽԺ֪Сѵķ


18 
޷ͨġ
ǿî㣬Ҳûнİ취
ڻǺڴǽΨһܹġˡϣîܹװǵļ໤˰СҽԺӻʱîǷ˲͡
飬޷
ʽ˵ѾȫϾ˿ԡ
ȻîյŵĵһʱϹȥˣûй˼
Ϊ賿һĶš
ΪɿĴˣî˲ע⵽˹ؼ㡣
ΪͲĺأǺӲŻææ͵ġͽټͥ״¶ͯͽԺķա
ȻҲڴϴî
ݲθԺ
Сîͨǩͨʱĵ⡣
ͶԶͯԺûʲôӡ󣬵[ಡҩĲʶųҽԺ]ĸĺӶԶͯԺҲƵӱ
οͻȻ˵ǽܣʵûκѪԵϵСòǱĿԲͣһڿʵ״󣬴಻ѡͬʱӡ˵ûѪԵӡ
лᱻֿĿڣԻ͡
ɽͲԸֿûѪԵҪʣµļˡ
ݵĻǺԼԸԺų⡣
ͽ͵ĵԭһݷǳʵͨűռ˸Ժֵĳš
ϵŰ֣ͯµԺ֮ıԼ⡭ǿõĸԺҲٻں֮ܡǴӹСӵ
Ը񱯹ʵСвԺ״ͨ˽ǱĺֶԼʩ״󣬾ͺԥᶨ˾ԲҪýȥԺĽۡ
ͷڼҵĺǽϵ̸ġ
Ϊᵽһ㣬îȷݳǱѡ񣬷򲻻ѡҹѽ͵¡
Ͳú𡭡
ôˣǺ
ݻųǲζŽ͵״أ
ҹ൱㣬ΪҽǶ°ˡҽֵļĲͬڴҽԺļﲿʩ豸ޣֻʱ
Щֻǿҩ뽵£գظ½ȫ¡֮ŵźͿתϺˡ
ԣ붼ļٳɣֻ
Ľ͵״
ӰϸͻȻ֪ԼסԺ󣬿ֻŵĵѾ˲һ
λϲӡԼչ˵ĺӸȫѪ
îÿ춼׼ǵı㵱ÿҲĻظǩݣһĽÿҲݵӦСһǵġ׽ƻ
ֻദһ£ʱ˲һе˵ڼҵСѾĵռҪλá
ҪǺúó
Ͳһúó
һΣĿǷϵĸߴĵ׵Ըֻô򵥡
ȻîֻĵĵǺͰûڡ
ʷǳãΪֹδ׼ȷ˵СӦеëûС
λǰ21ꡢʮ궼ں׼ҽ֡βһְְ׺ӻе⡣
Сʹȸ׸ð
һ㡣
ǰճ̫ƽͣԭôСһҺϸ˵îð[ҲˣԶͶιȥҲû]뷨
ʼ˼ôڼҵС˵顣
ڻǰ棬ʼޱĺݺԼ˸顣
Ĵ
СסôԾûⰡ
չ˺ӣŲֻͶι졢ǮͿ˰
ৡ
ƿϵը졣
Ϊ䣬îŷ˵ʿٵĴݶֱƶ
ΪպͽŵĹϵǰٶԽԽ죬ֻʣ˸Ӱ
һ˶ǰʾΪ㡢ؼǷǿî˵㲻ʲôԾһСʱĲ
ȻîڵЩˡ
Ϊ˶Ϊ
ε䣬ɹ࡭ᱣ仯
Żɡ
λͽŵ٣ġ

յݵĶţîϵַʵļģֻ˼Ӷѡ
îһڼſͣ£ֱۺʹȼ滺׾ͳŵһ˽ȥ
ûݣҲû͡
ڲ
î˳ָʾƵѰңΪļĹϵԼ[ħ]ˡ
Ұе˲䱻֮֮߷ָ
ͬʱҲʦͷʦֳ֮
ڻСʦϵ֮ɫ״̬ͨ˲һ
îܿҵˣûеһʱǰվڽĬĬ۲졣
ΪǡҽӽͲˡ
ҽ͡ҽôˣ
Ѿ40ˣûաҺȰСʱǻ
ҿԽȥ𣿡
รԽȥҽĵȰĽܵ˼УᴫȾģҲǸСӣ߹Լĵֿҳ֮ǰ˯һɣڵĲûˣȥϢһ£ģļҳ֮ǻ֪ͨġ
ڻݳĬĵͷվԭأҽ뿪֮󣬾˽Ͳϡ
îǽۣҽ˵¿ʼ½󣬾΢˿
ĬĬ۲ŸȵʿԶֱ֮ϢĿݡ
촽˼£૳һģС͵[]׼ʮǡǡ˽͵ĲſڵĻݡ
ͨʶӺԶļʽ

ݱǰȻٵĺɫһԲ۾৵վȻͿûдڸеġվߡ

ڻЩŵ۾ãȻ
ŵʱڹ˻ûʮӡ

[Ϊԭ޷ֻǣҵĵַǱֻ֤ҪǵʼʲôʱҶһڵһʱ㿪鿴]
ǵͨѶʱîڱǩд֡
ȻîԸ⽻ֻΪе֡ѾһƶսŰܵġץƻĬĬֹ罻־֢ͽϰ֢Сĵʵû̫⡣
ΪǶλ֪Ĵ˵Ѿѹ˻ɡ
㽻ʼƽʱҲϲñǩ
Ϊ֣дȻ߱ζ͸Ϣ
ǡıǩÿֶдķǳƯۿɼ棬ܹĸܵߵ֣غ͹ġ
λıǩղظԼľղأͬʱ˵ıǩͷڹĺݵġýͰæǸŤĺڷ۵СԼͻ
ԡ
ڽ֮ǰݺͽͶûԹʼΪǲҪڶʱλ
ڽ֮ǰΪǩдŵ[һڵһʱ㿪鿴]һԼ̬ȶʹõĿݡ
ֱΪֹ
賿һʼʮӾ͵ִٶȣǹȥġΪ顣
ԷĵǺںǡ
±˴˼ȫûѪԵϵ
ڻۿ˲ͺһȦ
ֻҪԼԸ⿪һܹõӦԤУΪʵ
Ϊʲôֱأ
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ûˡ
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ǰڣîӲ˵ûġ֤
˵һҪȫȥ
ǺͲԼǶԷڼСĳŵǻԼ֤μģִС
ԡ
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˲ķڻݵԴŷۿ죬˹ȥĴ顣
һͷ̷Сһ˹ȥסîĲӡ
ǻ̻̲è굽ĸůĻһ
î㶣ԥӵһ˻ȥ
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ǿĻ
ڻڴ˵ĻǰеĿֻźͲʧһɶ
İȫСͷ·ʲôõĵĵСһ
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¾Ͱѻݻݺͽͼߡ
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îһʼдǳ1939꣬պ꣬Բȡî
дپʱߺ䲻ԣָî꣬1937Բˡ
Ȼ1937ţ꣬ţ̫ȡԹ͡û_(:١)_û뵽ôСʹˣϲîٻbushi
ȻﶼǴXD


19 
̷۾Сݵĵ󣬺ۿŴˣȫ̧Դ
һݵĻݵĺ󱳣ڻعɬ֪롢·Դʼð̵Сһſļͷӱʵ

ڻڹɿ֡˼վá
Լ۽ǣһŴŤͷԵڽ磬¶һԺ͸˵Ķ䣬תƻͼСʵǸǡ
îļװĻشݵ⣺[]
[]ЩãȻûڡ顱
һ[ʽ]
룬þܼ׶Խͣʦս涯һ㶼СȥΪ˱ͨ˵עͿֻţҪ취ս[]á[]ͨ˻ʶ߷飬Ҳ᱾ܵԶ룬ȫ
ڻݻȻȻܿٶãȻΪʲôҪ[]

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Ҳ˶ҵĲӵг˵Ķڶ̶˲׿îǷϵ̱µʵ
Ҳܴϻַۣ·װĳ̶ȡ
οǵĽڱǩ⺢Ӷͼ˵ʱС̫˽⡣
˵᱾ܵתߣ˵ǰҲʶЩɡ
Ϊˣʵʩʽ
ޱ˼ŵ鶥һǷƿߣŽ͵ĲĴţĸ˴𰸡
ʵʩʽ
ڻظһ飬ź֪۾ͽȻˣʦ
֪Լ֪ʶֻ֣ЩƤë
λĽйʽ˵д㣺ͬʦʽܴҲ廨ţרսʽרڸƵġ
Ȼ뵽˺ߡ
͵ʽ

ڻݿǰߴˣ
λôߴ󣬽Ƶʽ
񲻶ԣܲʽǺʽ͡ͺ[]ࣿ
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Ȼ[]ҪĿΪ˱ҽͻʿע⵽ڡĻݣʱ˵һɡҲٵ顣
Ϊʹడ
չ˵Сܹ컺İ취Ȼ᲻һȥ
ڻȷ˲֮ٳɣî֣ŶԷ͵Ĳȥ
[]ڻû·ĻʿҽԱ⴫ȾΪֹݽ벡ˡ

ڲҺŮ״̬ܲá
Щ٣СΪߵº˵ģü۶Ϊʶ΢΢𣬴ǿҵĴС
⻹îһκͽͽӴ
Ϊǿͨˣעîû취Լı̹ȻȥӴ⺢ӣⲢîע
ȫƽȵ̬չŻݺͽ͡
ǸܺõŮӡ
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ڵĽͣȻǲ[]
ݣҵʽ⡣
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ûϵҿԽܵġڻһ۾һĿî
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ŲϵŮ̧֣һϸĹǴ̴ĴƤ̽γɳʮҵļ״Ʒ
îΪӵеһ
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ƻûʼڻݾѾŵˡ
ʹ
Ǻ´ŵԷʩչʽҪ̲ס˹ȥԷôˡ
ʮҵĹǴУîۣһ룬·ѪİΪ׵貺
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һ벻ҵĿ꣬Ƥ׷Ѹ׼ȷĽеϸǴֱ̱£ڷڻûӦ˲̴˽͵ؿڣų

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ȻîǴ̼˶׼͵˲ڻݵͽŵɺŬ˵ԼҪ¡Ҫ
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Ҫҹ뿪ͱȵСļ໤Ӳˡ

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׵ʱĸ֪и
򵥸ĻžһֻɺױһλүүȣɺΪ˱ͻΪΣΪүү̵Ůɺ׾ľչ˼ңԼë֯Ҹԣ
ֱĳһ죬ɺ׵ع⣬ʶԭ͵ɺһƥ˼ңԼݣұʾԭͺ޷ߡҲûл
Ȼƺкü汾ǻݴʱᵽɺ׵˼ӦþֻҪ[ʶԭͺҪ뿪Ҳ]㡣
ҿɲɺõĴڰ
Цһ£ҲȷˣҲม
ҵĻЩͬһڣǸһֱǡ
õ˵˳˺һӵĵͷСһǶԱͿ־۾
ȻǲǶԡĿ־벻
Ƕԡ뿪һʵĺ¡
ͷʣҪ뿪𣿡
ϣĻҡ
ҲŲϣڻݴ˵ս֡
îĬˡ
ĿȱСһＸþȫץţŵî㱵Ķ
ժԼĶñ¶һĹǽǣϵĹβҲɿǴһը𣬻˻ΣѹĹͷɻ
ŵϢҲй¶һ֡
ûȫؼϢ
Ȼ̶ֳȣȴ׵ķڻݴûиܹΣա
Сһｩסˣð亹
ҺΣաîԼʵķ̬ͳ˵ܴӦ֪ʲô˰ɣ
[]
عĻݶĿˣ屾ΪµϢ΢΢ţشî⡣
ǡ
ǡ
ݿǰɥήҵ
ֹ֪ͣˡ
ǣôأ
˺ü죬ڻݽԼԺ͸սʤıܣķʣ˺ңûУһȹҡҺüΡôأڵĻʵҲкûְ֮ɡ
ǵģ
һ仰î˲ְ̧ס˻ݵļ򣬱ʱ˲١
Ҳкû֣֮

뷨Ǵġ
βϵĹǴ̶ը𣬺˵ͳ΢ƵɤߣСһǿµŵըëĴȮɸɵĹǳ⡢ͲôڡôڵĹ
ǿ[ô]
Ƥ׷һ˵
鵮Ḷ́Ѿڽдĺ˰ɣǲʲôǹṥࡢ˺ĹݣԲܲ[Ҳкõһ]뷨
îԼΪ[]жһüСʦֻ
ڻݵȷ޷î뷨
Ҳˣȴһڷ񶨵˼㡣
顣
ΪԼ
ΪԼԲŻŶ鶼˷񶨡
Ϊʲôأ
ڻãȻĿ˵֮ޱʹĵðµ
ΪʲôҪԼ
Ϊʲô¶ôʹ飿
ڻҲɵѹСĵ̧֣ԼĴ˵ϡ
ǣô˵ҲҵжϺ۾
׵ĺС˵ţɾӳ˵
ģҲ˶ģҪ˵ֻǡٶҺͽͶԣǷǳߣԡ벻ҪΪԼôˡ
˻飬˵ûϵֻ֪Ǹϵ䡢д顢չҺͽ͡賿һյһʱϹĴ˵ȷ㡭㹻ˡ
֪ǰĴ˶жô֮󣬶ԷǰΪԵԽ
ôǹأ
˵ǹĻ
î㶵ĿСǸ־СᶨƵĽﻰ˵
˵ǹĻһǱ[][]Ĺ
ҲãҲãԶẦӵ[]Ĺ
ԣ벻Ҫɺһʧ𣿡
СԼִŹСš

Ϊǹî˵ǹûõġ
ѾĿˣôìֻңôҲжͻîҲôΪ
ԲŻޱȿ־屩¶¡
ӵһС̫Ѿ[]ˣǲɶõ漣ˡ
漣ٶȸ
ݺʹ񾭵Ĳ費һҪӽӶ죬ҲӲ׸Ρ
Ϊʲôĺӻ౩¶֮ԸץסԼ

Ϊʲô
ѵҵ[Σ]
îҲ޷ˡ
ڱ϶[]֮Դյˡ
[]Ĺ𡭡
ǸɵĺӣԸ
Լ˸ڵõ֮󣬸оԼ˺ܾá
ûش𣬻վĬ̤[]뿪[]ķʽֱӽ⿪[]ܿʧˡ
ΪԼܾķڻס죬վԭһ¶˷·èһı顣
󡭡
һ׾šߴ˺Ȼͣ˽Ųͳһ֣
ҵ֣Ǳî
ڻݺ̧֪ͷ
˵ѾߵԶԶˡ
·ոǸ֣Ƿڻݻһ

ٻ𣿡
֪
Բ𣬶ҵĴû˵Ǿ仰Ļ
ʧĵԴ
Ѻ󣬽ãȻĿŻݵжΪͬ[]ڣһݳȥʱûϣĶȡ
ĵԼ˲Ĳ²⡣
Ȼݻ׷ѯţڴӻݿе֪˰ڵȫ֮󣬽˶ή˲١
ڶ졣
ڻݰ˵Ĳ裬װȥ绰ϵˡ
ȻԼ
Ȼڴ֮ͻʿ˵ΪֻСðѾˣԡ衱ûǣԼؼҡ
ͨڡѾ°˵ĻʿСصСȴҳͻȻϢʿСȻòᡣ
ǣʲô谡ĺӿҽԺסһϰȻܿˣֻ˯һϡĸᵣĵİɣ
ʿС㲻ĵ׷ʣİְأ㲻ǷʼְˡҪԼĺӰɣˣǽҵֻİɣҿûлšûС
ʿС˲˼ȣŻݺͽ͵øͬˡ
ĵװСļҳһٱ顣
ûϵġڻݸոҪڽͣʹİ
Ǹ˼
ݺͽͣлʿСһͬ˹ȥ
һᡢԼŶʮͷվſڡ
װŹİһͷɴɫ̷һ۾Щºǫѷζ˵ʣڻݺͷڽС𣿡
ʿ㶣ʶʵǡ
ӵĸף
δҲ̫˰ɣ
ԼĿڴóƬݸ˻ʿС㣬Ȼʱڽͣ
μ棬Ӹ׵ı༭ƽɺͺꡣ
Ƭ棬logoƽɱ༭ĸϢ
Ϊȫձպĳ漯֮һʿС㵱Ȼ˵ҳ缸ڿʵߡ
ʿС㾪̧ͷѽ𣿡
Ǳʦร˵ʦѾˣŮźӸĻϰɡ
ҽβʦıա
һ㣬Ϊ༭ƽȻ֪ġ
ƽɱ༭ôͣȻ˵ʦڰҹյ˺ӵʼʱſܵĺǣֲã޷޷˵ֻܻæķʼӺǻؼңǸΪ˵ſʼԳĳЩǸڻݺͷڽСѣ𣿡
ºǫѷı༭ŻʿСߴվԭصĽ
ǵĸףǱîûɣ
ڻݺͽͽյһ˲սˡ
ۿȻС죬ǳĵ˵ͷ

˵ְ𣿡
༭Сߡ
Ȼ·ı༭ֻǸСߣһʱ໤˶ѡ
·;Сʣõƽɱ༭ǳĻش
ŶβʦǰְֵıǿѧŵĳˣʦÿһƪƷģ
βգգۣǡ̸ƪġ
ŶҲ𣿲ʦɫĹڡϦֻǡϦС˵̫ʺ俴̸Ҳܰʦͯڸζܺأ
ƽɱ༭̸Լ𾴵ʦ˼ֱ֣˻⣬Żָԭǫѷº͡ƽɱ༭ȻʲôͷСĲ䣺
˵֮ǰʦʱ˵Ϊ˸Լĺ׼˯ǰ²дͯҲǰɣ̫ܿأ
ݺͽ㶣ˡ
Լǵġ
λî·ʱ򣬻ݺͽͻûбͶι
ԣΪһд
ҲîżڱǩŮ
ð
ڼССĺӣ鲻ԽĲĽ
ǷǳĽ
żҲյŮıǩ
ɰ壬ǳĻͿѻǸ֪ģС׶԰۳ǧֽһһֻ
Ƿ˶ԷôעȴȻõôƵ̬ȡ
λŮȻܹ׶԰˵Ҳɣ
Ҳ˵ӣ
ܹλһǸǳɫĺӰɣ
ݺͽͲԼͬţ۽ޣЩįǸһ˵ļȥ

һߡ
ҡ
ڵĬſֻƽɱ༭Ƭ
[ƽɱ༭βʦѾɹӵǣ밲ģ]
[βллˣе·ѺͱҶ֧ġ]
[ƽɱ༭ãҺòܰʦæԲҪôҵ˲ģ]
î̫ƽɱ༭뷨컹ûʼλ༭ʱ黹Ϊû뵽һӾͱˡ
ԭܾ˵Ļ͵ſڸţǳǻؼҡ
[ƽɱ༭ˣʦСݺСҪ˵ҰֻŶ]
[ƽɱ༭ǻݣ벻ҪǸѾˡ]
[ƽɱ༭ǽͣаңķǳǸ˵Ǿ仰ʱûκ뷨ֻǵɻѣһ¡ͺͻ˵ʵûκιϵɣǸһֱչǵĴˣֻҪһ㹻ˡ]
[ƽɱ༭ǽͣллƽɱ༭ǣѾˣ벻õģ⣬ԵĻĳǼͰɣ벻ҪٵңҲ⣬Ҳᱻŵң˵԰Ҵǳڴܹʽ]
ƽɺͺ껹СƬî
îֻϵƬЦݲõŮŵ֣ܵܵվڼ¶顣
Ĭá
΢΢ŤͷԼԼβĲ衣
[][漣]֮⣬컹ٸԼ[]
衣
ǣʱְֵﻰร
㡭Ҫһһ𣿡
G
㶣Ȼ𣬴Ӻ˵ĺ󱳣ιŶԷĲӡ
ȸԾǻֽֽܺС͸ҵĻݸͻ῾óСɵĽͽҪǻ𣿺Ŷ԰æʰ䣡ʲôʱ𣿡
î̵˵һม
ͷֻƬۡ
һ⣬ʵᵽСжôîٷС
ǣ˵ǡ
Ҳ໤ˣԸĻ
[һ]
Ը


20 
ȷƽɱ༭úõСһؼҡ·˳֮ڼнﶢֻõî˿̵վ
Ҫȥݸͽͽļ𣿡
գҪѧ
һֱڴߣոյ֪ԼܿܽиĲҲһµվֻҡβеСһîתαסϲ䡣
˫գɤţҲҪȥ
¼˵Ľ̶ܳȺܺá
ҪĸҪֵܽáȥں׼ҹ¹µȦĲ[µļ]ûаųЩȲ
Ȼ
ʲô˶ԵõϿɵġ
٣ĵҲҪС
[ְֵ֪ʵݣҾԲẦº]һ㡣
İְһİְ֡
飬Ҳõġһ顣
ϲİְֵļһҲȫȥԷ
ݺͽȻһ
îһֱһǷŹβͣڽ㶵ķܵ˼һ㣬˯Ѻҹ̽ȴ֪Էѹ
˵Ȼ෴
ڵ֪λְֹȥһֱİĸԭͨǩĶԷڽܵĻøУڸǱֱĵ
ȥǺһɣҿȥæʰԸݸͽͽǼңҵߺ͹Էָǡ
²˵ͣԭЩɲîεĺһ
Էʱ򡭡ȥɣîβ͵ڲյĽϣѵԼŵСһȻŮɫ˵
һȥŲβϣ˫ֻαŴ˵Լ۾Բî̽ԴȷƵʡ
һȥ

[ɱ]˼ǰѾĥĵǲֱӻָ״̬ġ
Ǵ󲡳ߵھ֮ĻڻָڣٵĹܻȽȽʺһЩ嵭ӪĶ
îڷʳס
ģĸԼϵΧȹ
ҲҪæС߸߾֡
̧ͷ㶣˼ͷвæϴˮ߲ˡ
߲Ҫϸϸϴɾÿ䣬ϴ֮鷳
ã
Сܵ
îһΧȹϵԼϣβ;Ųףϴɾ֣źãʼ׼˵ı㵱

ʮ㡣
װб㵱еĴӣŲʽݷõîվڷڼſڣͼŵֽڿУһġ
⡣
ǰ˵ԼҪݷõˡ
ǰڴ峤϶ر𽲾îɥżͷ
ҪӵоԼЩʦζ
îٳٲţվߵĲ̲ס̧ͷ˴˺ü顣
ԼСƵ̾ǳɴǰˡ
ֻš
òİݷûﻹû˵ڣͷʹҴҵĽŲһӾͱˡ
ڿ쵽ʮ㡢îճͱ㵱ʱ䣬ڼҵСѾڴĽԼעƵƵתƵصķ

ԸⱣϵ
ޱȵλ͹ɺһڱʶݺʧǣԽʮʱԽŲѡ
ڲŵһ˲䣬עȫĻݺͽͼһӾʹԭ
ǴҴܹȥš
Ϳĵһǲ裬ǸԼ˲ٵСŮ
Щʧ䣬º͵ЦݣѯλİС⡣
ȻԻ˲ڴ㶺ɺ֣ýͶסˡ

Ťͷȥĵ̧ܵץſŬͷ˿ڴһټ¶Цݡ
֪ĽҲˡ

ġǳлʱǵչˣ
ͶſϹ·
Ȼ͵̬ޱ档
ҲǣˣԸҺͻġķǳˡЦ۵׵ľϲ١
ڴš
һԼڵССŮ
ͨһ£Լ˫ۿĶе־Ŷ԰ɣ
îţǳԥǷǷ
Ǹûǰ֪ͨݷãˡ
ʲôûһ֪
ǻĵתŻȻҡͷ
ôᣬʱӭĵ֮Ƚɡ

ֹۿʡС̫һĲ״뺢ӵȺ塣
ӹŵĴӣѴı㵱һֵÿС
󣬻ǳĽ͵İš
˵ı㵱Ƶġ
͵ıȽ嵭ֲڹѵͷ߲ˣǽϲĽ֭飬һˮ
ǵ͵飬˵ı㵱Ҳ̫ķʢͳһΪʽ͵ı㵱ζҪһ㣬ȫǰոζġ
˵ƫĻݣõһݽ֭⣬һ콪Աߡ
ı㵱Ҳ㣬Ǽ㡣
߲ˮͳһġ
ҪԷֻΪͬҲԼ׼˱㵱îԼ׼Ĳɫ൱ˡ
ȻαװϸĹ۲ĻŻܹĳʳı߽ϰɡ
ܸͣоÿεı㵱ǵĿζء
Ȼ
ץԼҸøжȣ𿴰ְϸĵģǱǩϵĻظñӼ¼ϲĿζร
;ȵԲ۾G𣿡
ݷԼµˣȻ
ûаеĲǳĺԼõĸ
ӹĹĵģһ߳Էһڰѷȥ֮Ŀںͷڽ̸ŹĻ⡣
Ϊְָ߰Լһһĳɹʣǳʹ˵Ŵ˵ŵ㡣
ϷҼҡ
ٸ߸ߡ
ѧϰµʳףóԵĶ
Լÿ϶ٵ˯ǰ¡
һһİְ֡
ԺķţһٿîЩΪ飬ɿĹβͼ̲סȣʾһ㡣
װ֪СһͶĽĿ⡣
˳谮ŵĺӣ۵׵Ĺâ鶼ǲһġ
ð
ڼҵСǲԾٶôţЩɬԼеķ
ԭɿڵķƺûôóˡ
ԡ
ʱ򣬲ֿˡ
۲Żݺͽ͵飬·ȷʲôŤͷî䡣

ĴߴţС
ʱõʱร
î޿κΣֻӲͷƤԥĽ˲׳Ļͷԡ
ոտڣݾ˹
ĽƺҲˣĿڲߵġϣʼȴݵת
îԸɾĶ˶١
ĵ׵ĳɺԥٶð˳
[Ը]
֪
ǡ
ߴ˸תîһܿԼĻݿ˵ȶסҲ㹻ʱ;Ȼ࣬Сûġ
ĺ۾Сļ
Ϊǲٵסˣ̫Сˡ
ԡ
ҪǲĻԸԸһסأ
ݻ۾ġ
붼ûеõظβͼһ£ɴߣڲ䣺ȻԸҲûϵȻ飬һʶһ࣬һ취ҵϸļ࡭ˡ
ݺȻڴϣĿ𣿡
ţî˹ȥ˻ݵ۾
̷ĺ죬ٶȺۿ˲䲻֪
ġԺһ𣿡
׵èվڶԼŵסլǰůɲĲһ㡣
îĿСһ
ԷԼԼ
ĵ׵ĽŲ֪ʧˡ
îվߵߣ£Сһ档
ҪʵĻมһ̧ۿŻݣ󳯶Է֣ɤͳԸһΪ໤𣿡
۽Ƿˮ
ԴȴԥͣԼͽȷС

ת˶ԻֻǷۿĻݣֱڴ㶺ᡣ
ǿٵİѱ㵱꣬ȻԼͬȥʰѸٵķ·´˻һȲζ
îҪȥæġ
ȻСһٵÿһһװˣûʱ䡣
ú
ڼҹԢűˡ
δܳһʱ䣬ﶼסˡ
һߡ
ҡ
³¯ĸ㣬ޱ˷ܵĴȥ·䡣


21 
ҲСȻ㲻ʲôլһʽլҪˡ
ϾͰǣæ׼ӵĺ׼ɵȻîסһխСķ
ΪֳɵķӣǰҪƣԾΪסլʹСزԤסӶǰװ޳һЩ˼òϵĿշ䡣
˴̵Ŀշ仹ڶ¥
һ˲ϷݣԾʣ̵ķˡ
һ¥Ҳշ䣬̵ĶסϲͳʽĻҲ
Ϊڽԭ˯ҲǴԲͺܸɴİ¥
ȻҲû˽ġ
ҺͰְֵķҲڶ¥รǾĸһЩ
ɷĲҡβ͵ĹһֱЦݲõİԼ뷨˵˳ȻٺٵĲ䣺Ҷ¥̫ܺãԴӴĿԺĻְ˵ȵ컨ͻῪˣʱһƯ
ݺͽЩĵͷ
Ǹڲյ¼ҵèһС̽Żԭס˵ʲôǾͽʲô
¥ĿշȻûסÿ춼ڿҿҽΧôɨı׼ɸɾһȾûаζ
˵ɹܺãȷڼҵĹԢõö࣬ͷӵֱ̫͸սʱůһƬ
ͷȻɾȴڿյˡ
ƽһ15ƽңһû̱ӵĴǶʽıڳһŴĿ⣬ʲôûˡ
Ϊî˵ҪƷԻݺͽ;ֻʰԼ·һЩ˽˵Ķȼ׻ϴ⣬ѧУҵݵĽԼ͵ƤиСװŵġݺͽڹȥһյıǩ
ȻڼҽʣµǱѡ
ǵ˽Ʒô㡣
Ѿװˡܹжأȫó֮ҲȻһǡ
ͲܰϢķȣЩį
Ҳûϵ
˶ã۰Сĳ˴žͻ治ɫĸСһˡ
·ߡ鼮ͷ̨ơľߡ
۰ĲеĶһһͬʵĸкӣ໤˵Ĺע۰ڡ
һƽɢÿ˵õİ᲻
ԣֻԭԺӵĹذŨһݼӱŨĳݡ

Ϊ¼ҵĹ
ҵķ䣬Ǳǰְֵķ湤ңְֵķкööµĸรԡҺĻǼ䷿ϲϷңݸ磬ͽ㣬Ҵȥ
îԹһѹټŵ˼СһԼ̽
ŤͷͰѱڳպõıõԺɹСһûбӸǣȻ˷ƷǷȱĶЯСдϣ׼Ź
ڴ֮ǰ
裬ҴҪһˣ鷳ݺͽ͹һպ¼𣿡
îٶ϶¥Ϸҵţڲ費ϰԼݺͽͻʱ˵
ҪֻߣһϼĲֺͰڷŰɣǿԡҵλãиװĶ
ŶȻĵظҰɣ
îԲܷġ
תƵݺͽϡ
룬˹ȥȻݺͽ͵ԴҲǣʲô֪ĵطҺͲ裬ȱʲôҪԺǼˡ
ļǰĻһҲûϵ
ΪԷһ㡣
ݶ΢죬ĬĬͷ
ҲĽãȻѡ
ԼСӿڴóд֣Ȼ̧һֻ֣˺ֽڶԷġ
ѽ
۾ССһ
ûб鴥ĸоʱ˿̸ԼֲܿƵȻ̧ȻһֽȻԼġ
ֽд֣̲סüǰĿ¶Цݣõģ
ûãڶֽٶƾճˡ
[ҺͲְɡ]
йԼļ˳ƺϵأ
îͳԵĺԼֲܿƵ̧̧
ûκδС
ȴ֪λĬػΨһһ[]Լ᲻ĻӦ

ֻԼҲ޷ܵԷĴڡ᲻أ
룺׼ȷ˵Ӧźɡ
î׳ʲôأ
ڼĴ˳Ź֮󣬸Ų¼¶һĽͺͻڿһ߳Ų跭Сģһ졣
̲סʳԼ飺˵ܸߺܸߡжأ
ôรɳŬĸ߸߾֣˽ţʮָſıȻҪͷְֵܿٸ߸ߵʱǷһأ
ſ˰ɣ˵׼ʻĻͷơ
ѽǻǷǳߴػ쾪ƽʱҪͷ̧һܶˡ
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ĻݺŬ˼Ŀԡ
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î濴˿Ż
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ƤӵߣΧСһ
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Сһڻîÿ˶ּȥԻ
ͬմϵѾ͸ˡ
Ҳֱ΢졣
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ȻîĹ۲죬Ȼ˵ǳ˲𰡣
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ȻŤŤȴץסÿ˵ǳϢ
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һÿдʱܹŻ

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ݺͽһһĵ̺ڷ䣬ûǸߡ
ݵһСƤ򣬶͵һСż
Ժɹůͺ͵ı죬ɫµı׺Ѵ̺áСһķ˲ͱ
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ϴ󣬵Сһǵ˯ʱ䡣
ԭÿһҪ˯ǰµĲ裬ֻŽͺͻîķ䣬Ҫǡ
ѾýҪһƪµî΢΢㶣첻𣿡
รЦΪͽҪǾͿˡ
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Gͻһ£ܿʶԼǱػ
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Сš
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มî򵥵ĽͣӵʽƷ۾ܹÿҲп
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Ϊͨ˵ĸ䣬Ϊǵ룬߼ǲͨͨеġ
ԭüֲҪֶԳǶƣʦڴʱ򶼲ῼǶֶ
î͵⸱۾ȻǴӱĵطġ
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Ҫȡ˯ǰ°ŵîȫעʾ֭ȥ죬ΪרҵԿڵԵʣʵսɵ㱨ʮƽ۾󲻵òٳµġ
кüʮƽ۾ɡ
Ψһɹһ֪˶پ
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ͣƽʱѧʱҪ
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ô˵ţͻݣҲǣҪͳǿڻδԼ޷鷳ϵĻʱҡ
ȻǷֿûʲô񣬵îվǸΣյؼ顣
ؼеؼ
ƽʱûаΣԺ͹ǶƵģԼΪ䱦ĺӱ˺ʱĬ
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22 
ڵ֪Ѿܹ顢ҲĲıǰ˵ǣιڶĺ󱳣ʼҪ˯ǰ¡
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СƵؽţԼԴİɫ˲䣬ǿ
ݺͽͿͷָмáѹµɳе۾գգĿͣ
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î룬ܹϴĻԸ
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Ҫ֤ϴСîǿǰᣬȻźͲ

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ЩڵĻݺͽͶһۣ΢죬ĥĥ俿˹ȥȻîĹβСȦһһҸԼߡ
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Դиԭ԰緹Ĳ͸ΪڼȥѧУˣҪԶîҲﺢһԵϰߡ
԰޳ߵˣԼСĲ谤Ͱְָ㱧ȥ̵֪λ˵һžͱıѧȥˡ
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Ļһʼе㲻̫ȤֻΪ޷ܾԼõĹֻۣεͷԼҲС
ô˵ҲΪͥԭǿĻݣڱĲ׾ٵĻСӵĿ֡
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123
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͡ͻٻֻһһ׵ĹʽǴҴҵڼԼܵλá
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ݵԼѵҲ⣬׽Բ֮ǾͻỻϷˡ
ȻǻݲȭˣΪһ׽ԲǸ˵[]
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ƽɱ༭Զ̵̽ѧп˺ţ˵һȻĿʱһʵľڵˡ
ڣİԺԼͷС;ӶʵľȻƺЩʲô

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Żͷî˹ȥһǷ
îô𣿡
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ںദ֮󣬾֪ܺλ˵ʱȻϰߡ
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ݺͽȥұСݶѣԵºԺǿôûŹ
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ҪЦͣȻô˵ţȴֱֵӱסʽ񹷹Ĳӻϲز䡣
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Ѿ¶֮îԼǸ˵ܸǡ
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î㶣ɵĵԴ
 
ĬĬľͷƶһɳ˲ΪСһϷ
һʼîͷףͼСӣִ˲ƣСÿġΪ㡢ʽصӰ֮󣬾һһϢһ߿ľ
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ͷ˺üСӵîæǧСһȸԾ飬ԼҲü

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Ǹһ˵Ķӡպ˰ɣѾʽŶԡ
׷ۣźɫƷźɫī19ҵļֳ̳һֹţһż鱨
Ŀ˵ַһ
ǡǻݺͽ͵ǰסڼҹԢڵλá
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23 
ĸҪʵѪҺµ˼롣
ڶ̶꾭δ縯״̵һ㡣
Ҫıڵ磬ִ漸ų϶߲¢ϡ˼븯ʦвͨġ
ζҪ齨Լϵ
һȫȻͬ
ˣҪȥЩδոµĿԡ
19£ĿһһɨԼרǰ󱲡ͬԼִʦ
󲻾ǰǼһʱµΨһԣ
[ٹ꣬ҵĶӾͻᱻԺҡ㴦ðɡ]
ǰġꡱҲͲʱ˰ɣ
ôţȻ˵Ǻֽסַ
ȷԷûбԺҵ˴ߺȥԷ뷨ð˳
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ǸСǻһ£̲ס¶һ쳣Ӷĳ
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Ʋȥ޵⣬˵۵УҲ[]ʵĵʹ
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ǿ
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Ҳټǿˡ
ԺȺʽϵİ׳ջΪԷǿз񶨶ԷʵټʵɱƵߡʵĵ䷶
Թ
ԺҵŲںͷг𣬶ҺԺͷҲһˣԺȺ϶û磬Ͳ£ķ롭ٴҲ
ڱȽϹעǸ⡢ƺ첻֪ĺӡ
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ȻҲǿСõֻ㺢ӵĴҪһ˸һЩ
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Ҳʵͬѡһ츳СһڿʼҲǲУȻǺ̫СˣԼҲ19꣬ȱǮȱȨдѵʱڡھ͵ǰͶʣ˵δͿһ벻Ĵϲأ
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ֱϸרںֿѡͬѧʦദתڽӶشֿӡ߲ͷԡŴӹȥ߸ϵ[֮]Ϊ[]
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ԶԣȫʺС档

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ܰһúõӲѹ塣
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24 

ǶԷʼոݵɽʯسȵİȫУǵڼĽ¶ʵݡΪûؿǷҪӴй¶˿ĿɲϢ׵ĻԼһ㡣
ǸĬǿߡ
˫ԶԼĺǳʵĺ󱳻ΪᶨƵıɡ
ΪޱʹîΨںǰ
ͺͷǳصҪѹĴĶʱһ
ϲճ
ֻǻݣͽҲһ
îҲ⡣
ոһյѭûκδ䡢ޱƽͨǶԣѾò䱦ˡ
ÿ˶Ǳ˴˵ľꡣ
ҲΪˣԲζʲô⡣
ֲҡ
ǰԳ[ʦ]ˣǡþǷڻܻ֮߸Ǽճġ⡱
ɲʵǿǿͿԼжϴѶȵ¼
ǵ᲻ᱩ¶Ĵ⡣
Ѿ˽⵽һжôеĻţĿƲסð亹
㡭֪ʦ鰡
ʻٴеķڻݻ᲻ԾĽס
ÿϻ۵Сܿ˻ظ
Ͼܿõôڡ
ޱķڻǳ䵭ȻҲߣҷˣǾ˵ȷһ棬ܲȫΨһԴܹµ˵[ʦ]Ĵڡ
ͷԲش
ֻĦ°ͣīµǶλõĲ֮ͫգգĶŻ۵
ҲǿźͶԷӣ鲻䡣
Ȼ̯֣ôûϵҪ֪һĻǶҶԣ͸˵ˡ
Ҳ벻Ǵؼ֪鱨˼⺢˵ʵԣŵӰ첻
֮Ҫ̸̸𣿡
ǱȻվŸߡ
׷ָָǰᵽĹսǣЦĿųĺصС
ʵ˵ݵȻԸȥ
ĵϣǰļһϽԭʧ
ǣݶ˵[鷳]е⡣
ϾҪӭ鷳Ǹʧ˺üĻ쵰ϰִ鷳
Լöܲû˵ѵķڻݣһȥ
˵ͷ
֪ˣʲôͿ˵ɡ
˽˼İ취׵Ļӣָķߡ

˰վڹսǡ
Сȿڡ
ո˵[鷳]ʲôӲʡ
ô㸸˵𡭡˵֪𣿡
ʲô˵Ϲķڻޱ鷴ʣǵ˵Ʒ壿
ԣ˼Ҿ൱ĲƷĸ׾ͳ֮һ[Ժ]ǸҶ[Ժ]ҳˣŮ㡭ҵѪร
ûĵͷ꣬ŶԷʣµĻ
ʽһĵҾѣ󲿷ּңӦѾʽѾע⵽Լʽ˰ɣԺҵˣϲʽรովʽû׵㣬õ[]׶Ρ*1
Ǹ˷ӵİ׷ֿŵıȻţ˵пĻС㰡ǸϰΪ˶ԸԺҶ׼ǿơ*2
˵ʱ򻹱˸Ǯƣ˼ȷ
ݱǸϰˡ
Ժҡ
ڻƽ
ôɣǸϰѾҡ*3
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ڻ䵭Ĵϣıûκα仯
ôġ
ѾûĻݣԼ׵Ѿڹ¼ŵĹȥбĥˡ
ֻǰһ˿Ҳ׽˶ѡ
ݴ˳۽ޣʵĿڣûȤ֪飬Ͼкö궼ûˣǳ໹ֶѾˣҹǼһΪʲôʧ١ҵǮȥԺ˰ɣҶѾûˡ
͵辿ΪѹҳߣҪƿȥԼ֣ɵĻݹҴϸʺţ˼
ûʲôѹġ
ԼͽͲҲû£ΪƷ׸Ҳûϵ
Ѿˡᷢĵİǡ
ǳĬŨİ
ܹܵõܹĳеİ
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һٶ̧ͷᶨƵĿ򣺡ҸҪ֪ұ˶ǮҲȥԺһôдǷ֤δһỹǮǡ
򻺻۾
ǰСһЦ
ҲãԺҪ֪㸸׵飬ңľʵȤġôԹڵ⡪*4
Ҿֱ׺㽲ҪǮͽ⡭ǲܵġ
̹Ȼڡ
Ȳ˵һʾ޿ôСʱڸϣǸܵʮ꣬⣬ҲȱǮȱӵгɫ츳СʦԸûɷߣʽͺĻ͸ˡ
һСоȨҲɣǴ˳ªรСѡ
ڻݵı˲ѿ
죬۾ԲԲģٴеĿ
ӲԵļʡ
ڲϵõ󣬻ݵһᣬΪ˼ᶨ
ȷġ
Ǹ鷳
Ļ
ǻΪҶ±ҵճٱƵķյĻ
ڷ۵СһƬƽ
[ʧͺˡ]

ܾˡ
Դտա
һʼôҪȥԺң˵ǺȴҺԺ֮ѡ˺ߡ
ллĺ⣬ѾˣԺҪҡ
ڻǷô˵ţȻת뿪
˵򵥶վԭأãȻͷ˲侫֡
ţ
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G
GG
Ϊʲô
19ץıͷ޷⡣
ھͱֱӴȻҪúܶɣ
Ϊ[ǿ]ұӻǺӾܹúڼҶȹͯںڣȵ15ʱϸרΪʦĲԸΪʦҲ˵أȸרҵͿѡǷˡ
Ϊʲôܾ
Ժҵ߲Ǽܹáһ
˵ǸСԳ[ǿ]֮ǲǱ鷴еŹ֣
ҵʵ𣿺û۹Ⱑ
19߷ߵ˫ֲ嶵
˸רĺͬڵļӴԹյҵ鱨ԱϢ
ΪˡڻݵסַˬŻ˵鱨Առ˶Ϣͼ
ûװͰ͵˵ҪˡһʱԷݹϢע
ڻݵļĸ·ݾ뿪ˡ
֡ݣûһǮҲûٻ
Ӧǳӡ
鱨ԱͼΪԼǰĴͣǼǵļ໤ļĸûиģӦòǱʵǲ֪֮ǰ鱨СܰҰסԭļңȥģ
ǰ
ȥģ
򶨶Ŀ鱨ͻȻڻݷȷ[ԺҶûͨ˵̬]ģ
[Բע]Ĵ֮ǺƺЩ˿
ţ
˼
ﲻԡ

ݾܾɺܼ򵥡
Ȼ᰸ҪһЩӦǼһĻôδֱԼʮΪֹԼ߶ܻܿǸɵİ׷ˡ
ǸԳ[ǿ]
ʶĻݲԷ˵ǲʵʵӦȥ
ݲîôꡣ
ԼӦ飬ȻܹڱңҲîı¶Σա
෴ֱȥԺҾͲһˡ
ҵʽмֵî˵ģ۹һ
ô롣
ѾȷԺҶûûȤֻҪҸڣӦܹҪֱӰѻڴӷڼ°롣
˺󣬾Ͳǣͺͱˡ
ͻҸǸңîһܺõչǸůĵطܵţܹȥ
󣬻ٶȻصУſڡ
Ƚͳһ˼ҡ
ƽĻŸոյ飬ͽһ˼ţȻſ֣ȱסС˹Ĳ衣
ӭؼңݸ磬ͽ㡣
ӭؼҡһ˵
ݺͽͣһˡ

ԡ
һҪҵճС
վصĻαŻĲ裬ĵĬĬ뵽
ҵƽҸԲܹΪҶƻ
--------------------
лҪ˵
*1*2*3*4 ԭ̨ʣ޸ġ
ݻݣΪϲļ鷳ԼȥԺһ˰.jpg
îĬĬ̷
îǷԺ.jpg
ps:ҪԺ˼ҲȥԺèأֻС糡Цѡ


25 
ְ֣
̽ͷ̽Ե˳
îȸߵСવܹקסĹβ͡
ͷ۵ϱޱ࣬ҪµСˡ
СѹɤĿڣݸ鷳ˡ
󷹵îסˣɵͷСһۡ
¯ĻصΧȹϲ˲𼹱ԼߺͲƽ
Ƥ׷ѧŮѹɤ档Ȼ黹ɥšûʲô
ôˣ
ʲô£
ֽŲõţ۵СԶ׼ĵǡ
ѹ
ȴװʲôûӣͺͰְǰһ
һϹԵļţգ۾
˵ԽԽ䣬ۿе㷢죺
ǻݸ鷳鷳ݸҪһ뿪ˡ
ְ֣ݸܲܲ߰
ڻǺӣŰеľαװˡ
ִϻ۵ĺгֵ׼ʱ䣬ԽϸĻԣ©Ͳ㾡ơȻڻؼҵ·˾籾
îûжеֻǱȳ˸һЩĹ۲ˡ
ǶԺǸȫΡغǵ뷨²˻ݽ΢飬ѯ޹ҲǿȶԷڡֻĬСë׵ĺ̷ڽһԷϲԵĽ֭Сˡ
λλûһϸף׾ʵжÿӡ
οݱֵֻѧУ˵Сһ
ܴϻ۵СڷԼĵ޷ȫ֮󣬾ѡҶĽģʵ
Զ׼СһϷݵĺܳɹ
ٶîͽ˵ݵĺܳɹ
Ψûע⵽⡣
îͻϢô˴֮ʣ裬Ϊʲô֪Ҫ뿪أ
һĲͷãȻΪıͶ԰ͺͿְ鲻һ
·1+1ڼļƵġ
Ų裬ͷ̾
׷ʲԵɡ
Ĵ£îҲ׵жϡ

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˵Ǹ[]ͱжΪٵġ
ÿ鶼вõʱҲвҪ˵ڵ顣
ʲôܹ׷ʶᣬʲôⲻܡƺܼܺ򵥵ķֱ
ֱ
ôһԭ
ȫǡ
ڻδܷ츳Ĳ˵[жϵĹ]ûб͸
ԵתֱܹӸ𰸣ͳΪԼе[Ȼ]е[][ֱ׼]
ȷ
һ֫ȫ彡˵ǲ[ô·]⡣
Ϊܾôˣ˵ȻȻΪ
ֱӵһ֪ʶ󣬲Żȷ˵[·]ΪõĿ鼡Щ񾭣[·]Ϊ˵
Ҳ¡

ⲻʽҲܣîѾȷϹˡ
ҪпѧķĻֻ˵⺢ӵĴԶ[΢]
ν΢飬ָһ¼֮ٳֶҺƵı顣̿ɳ1/25롣*1
ʣ΢ζһ˵ʵ
΢֪Ҫۻġ
֪˼Ǿע⵽Ҳ޷⡣
ɲĲǱʶƫƫ֪
Ĵʶ¼ܱ仯Ϊ
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ֻ1/25΢顪ܹע⵽һĲ裬ûʽܣԱҲƽ
ݻ̫Сˡ
ôαװҲ޷αװ΢ϡ
˵ע⵽΢˶޼
Բǵһ쳣ˡ
˵ѵ飬Լ׷ʡʶתţĽۡ
ǴӲԼһӦĲֻͬں׼ҽδӵйâɥһ顢ġ
ڽദУӶķ˴⡣
[裺ݸ磬ͽ㣬ĩһȥ԰ɡ]
[ݣţá]
ֻһͨԼѡ
ǰҲûĩһȥ棬ֵ֮ܽĸܺá
ڲԺѹ֮󣬸ԼոƶϳݡԺ󡱵ʵ
ɵۡ
ŻݽСƤ򣬿˿ƺûʲôĽִͣŻݿ
ͼ˵Щʲôֻϡ
ŮС˼Լ
[ҲҪȥݸͽͽСѧԺһؼˡ]
[һһһ꣬Ժ󶼿һѧУأ]
һĵͷӦ
Ҳһ˫ѹĻԡ
豻һ֪հףĴԱܵĵó˴𰸣ԽԽ䡣

Ҫ뿪
ΪʲôҪ뿪أǲǼ𣿸粻Ǻϲʲô鷳˵һأ
һں׼ҹµĲ裬ÿ˶Ҫ֡
ĬСŮԴ˱Ȼ˳˼
ԼҪ뿪𣿡
ݸŲ룡һ㶼룡
§ס׵ĲӣӣСҼᶨ˵
ˡ
ԼĶͷ῿ŮĶͷϣǷϵͳģ衣

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һ뿪
ǺӲ꣬ȥģ
бȻһ
費֪Ǹֱӷ˽
îҪģǽǸ
Ĭȷÿӵ뷨ǽСڳɳȻȻķա
вȡ뷨Ȼˡ
Ҫ뿪ЩѹԲֹ
ݲԸ⡭ûܹС
˭ԡ
Ȼ
Ը⣬ǷĵԸ⣬ǿͷ˵ġ
Ѳ÷ųȥٶȻصޱ˼ţյһʱСİ嶼жˡ
˶٣ѿ΢ͺ˵Ĳ˵治ɫĻһѡ

ճͣСһһϡ
ڼ˶֮ԷͶֲǵîҲʼʰϰߡ
ճΧƺûʲô仯

îϴ룬Żݲţֻܱ迴ƬȽͺîϴһĿھһڵӻǰ
Ͻ˯ǰµʱСҲһı˴˵ķ²űȥ˯
îһ춼ûȥһ̸
ڵȡ
Ҫ뿪ңһԼ˵
ǲǸʧ١˵ĵĺӡ
îʱ䣬÷ڻ֮Լ
Ȼ
î˯ǰ£Сط֮ûãķžٶȱˡ
î
˯£ڷСһֻץԼ°ڣŰվǡ
֧֧Сһ۾ˡ
îҪ˵

ĵ״ĸ塣
Ϊ˲îģһҪԼ龡ƽĳ
һĺܺãǸǳԽĻִҪ뿪ȥһߡ
롭Ҫ¶ϢС
Ȼڵʱ򣬷ڻݻǾԼֽűġ
Ŵºİں￨˺þá
ңΪСͱ
ΪΨһĴǻÿ˵Ļ
ͻȻ͸е˿־ͻҡ
ڵĻû˰ɣ
Ҫ뿪н͡в衢ȫõļҡ
뿪ֻżģůƽļҡ
ڻݽӲ󣬻ǿˡ
ĵװı
îҸǱߵҵңڴҴȥˡ
Ǹʦ壬ǮҲȨӵʽĺܺãǲܿͨˣû취һȥ
Ǵžʱҡî飬ֻ鷳쿪ʼͻصɷȥסֱǰҽӻȥΪֹһ˵ҵļĸѽҲһˣЩӦòȥѧУʵ͵ϾûѪԵϵ
;Ͱîչˣǳлʱҵչˡ
˵Ƿͷٿ۾
һ롢롭
׹ȥ˶أ
ݸоޱȼ尾
ֱ˴˵Ļظ
ԭô¡һĵͳ΢ƣŵȻζ֪ˣݡ
ԷشڻеĴһ
һԡ
ѾȫڿסԼɬۿ
ھͻطˣîȡ
ԺҵˣҪȥһ仰Сһδ˵ľӡ
˵㲻Ըȥˡ
סˡ
Ȼ̧ͷ۾ԲԲģе
ССĺӱһֻҵСһﱾЩĺڷ
죺ҡ
ƽβǵƶţͣ˽űߣǶкú
ˡ
ҺͽҲˡ
̧ۿ˿ǱߣӰ̽͵ŵСèС
îû𴩡
㶵ڴ˿ʵҲûܿסĺۿ
ĿǻΪʲô
[ʮӰ]ʽ֣ǡҲ[Ժ]ǿ洫ʽ
î˫ȦСӣε̾˿ӵһμʽʱҾͲµˡ
[׼]îǰһٵһ
Ǹʱڵ[]ûм̳洫ʽĺڣ˷[׼]׼îһ˶
ʽûٱ[]Աȣ[]洫ʽҲò١
[׼]Ҳм¼Ȼ¼ݲ࣬һЩ鱨ͻȴеġ
ï[Ѫ]תʽ[ۺ]ΧԺ[ʮӰ]ǧĹʽһʷʦ嶼жĻ鱨
îŻڵһμݵʽʱͻȻ²⵽ࡣ
ֻîѡ
ݾֻǻݶѣʲôʽĸƷ
ݺͲ衢ûκ
Ȼ˲һô롣
ñʽϵԺҡ
îһҲɵݵĴڱ¶󣬻ᱻǸǿдߡ
ƽֻûڼﺰʽǱҪҪٻ
׻Ǳ𡭡ӣǱ˭֪Ժң
îһû˵
ⲻ⡣
ҵ㡢ԺҵǸˣô˵ģ
îɿС棺ԺһõĴԺȲСүһչų󣿡
ĳ̶ֳ˵ûдк˵𣿡
ǳʵĵطʻѧȻ꿪ʼͱѵ㻹ʽʹΪ˵µʽǽսһ㶼ᱻֲÿ춼࣬ҪȥӴһʦİɱ
ң㻹ӣ[ʮӰ]ȻĳȺе۵㣬ǻҪ͹ȥ׶ϾϵҲ͹ȥ桭һĻԺԭµļ̳˺㣬ΪǵȨвҪĻҪӣ泤ĺǺӦֵطۺģĺúӡ
߳ϵ˶ֻעʽʵʵļֵԽǿʽԽûкӺʹ˵֣ûдأǵб׼ֻߺǿߡٷְٲеɺҸģЩ֪𣿡
˵Լľһ
ǰص׼ҵîƽĴۣЩ¼ϣĸ֪ǰĺӡ
Żݵı飬ûٶ̾˿ԭ֪
ݺۿ
ԣΪ𣿡ͳֻҪԼǰ뿪ͲǼ𣿡
ݻĵ˵ͷ
Ȼĵš
ݱһţԴ
ˣǾҵһΡļ໤˰ɡ
һСһﱻԼţ΢ֲݾܾݣҲȥǡ
СʱץסԼ½ǡ
ͷſǻʣûϵҺܻܿΪҶ¶İġķǳϲңԲŲ롪
ûĻҾͲˡ
СǷĴٶȴϣͽͻޣҲѹ㻻λ˼һ£ǲ߽ѡİ𣿡
ݶסˡ
С۽ǵ᣺ԣҲҪҷǳǳҪһ֣Ҫ־ˣݡ
󣬻ֲδԸͲԸ⣬߾ͲߣҪв㣬󷽷ĶԴ˸״ⶼ˺ˣСӸ¡
Һ鷳Ǵ鷳ΪҺǿ
Ϊǵļҳһ[ǿ]ġ
ԣȥҰɡ
һһٵĳŵţֻҪʧȥǣҾη壬Ҳܡ
ڷ۾Сεıס˴ˣ޵úѹ
ߣ뿪
ǾͲҪ뿪
Ŀ𡭡
ԡ
˵ġ
[ҲҪ]
ĻİȫУԽһϲԼڲҪλıСȻת䡣
ı¶˵ĻҪô죿ݵèС·Ūʪһ㡣

îԴǷ˼⵹Ǹ⣬ĵǸ̶ȣҪһʱȥ˵ݡһһҪʱ䣬ҿԱ֤̫ãҪǵС
ôݣ裬͡÷ǳ̬Ⱥʣһ죬Ըһ𣿡
Ը⣡
ݻûΪʲôڻֲͽ͵֣Ůӵ
ݷ·ƵŤͷޱ𾪵Ŀſ̽ͷ̽ԵĽá
ǶԸรſڣͽЦݣɴ˵
ֻҪһһﶼǼҡ
ݸأش꿴ݡ
ݴ㶵ĵͷɫ졣
˰˸ȣΪʲôﰡʲôʱڵģ
գۣһʼڡ
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ݶĵѪˣƭˣϲſ͵ôã
ǡǸʲôѽ£費˵ѣ˰죬ĴػҺͽͽ㶼ڵĻݸ㰡ҶһˣݸǴ󱿵죬Ǳ
֮ǰѾ֪ˡݱ齩Ӳ
ʵϣǵһ֪ˡîܳʵĻش𣬡ܴͿҪ뿪ҵ顣
̧Դ
ȫ·ʯˣǱţȵھҪؽӰ
Ǳͨ籨ŵġ
һֱܲڿԴǰĸܵһ
Сһڳһš
׼ȷ˵ǻʵվţͽһ
ڷ۾СۿͷĻûиԭΪǱʱΪ˱صĶ󣬱˵޷죬ֻͷʵжϴ
õ˲ͽͽӵ
ĥĥı˻ȥ
Թ۵롪һСèС
ջîʱ䣬һһֻѲͽβͻ˳ȦһݣСһͻ˷䡣

ա
СһǷѧؼûãȥԺӰɹ˵·ջ˵ʱ򣬸ܵһԴߡ
˶٣治ɫԼͷ꣬׼صʱĺɨĳ
Զ
һԲ֮ͫ˲
îʲôû
ֻ糣Ļصڣ·һãȻ͵ÿСķ䡣
Զ֪İ׷ͷþʲôܼ
--------------------
лҪ˵
èè𾪣ü
ᱻ׷ɱҲġ
ȷҪȥXD
֪ûпLie to me˹࣬΢ʦ豻ˣǳʵ.jpg


26 
Զİ׷ꡪ˵19ꡢ򣬴˿ݶĻϢͷԿտգ
Ϊʲô⣬ô˵

ǰҪ磬СѧУſڶ˵֡ԼеСʦܾ
ǿһ£ں[Ժ]жѡһʱеСһԥ̭
ܾ£[Ժ]С
ʦܴΡ
ֻըëĴèһɵܵԼרͬڵļ챧ԹϾãͬѧζĳϡҲľ㶯ְ˸ϳȥǰһ̣յ鱨
鱨˲
ǿٵ˼ţó˽ۣǺӵ飡
ԣһ
ȻԼôᱻܾ
ô˧Ǯǿˣôܻ[Ժ]仹Ұ˵װ׵£̶˶ѡǰ߰ɣ
˲ͺ˲٣ҾԼΪһ19ĺϸҪҪȥû۹ıСѧƽϡȻȻûеִձ䣬㲻ϴˡ
֮ıɲ̫һӵʼ²ĺҲ²ԭ
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ǾͳĳֻɵĴèԼνý͵͵βշѧСȻһ·ҵĻ档
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ûȥ޸ķڻݼ໤ֵԭҲõ˽͡
Ȼֱ׵ˡ
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ͬʱҲζšǸټԷġ

䰡
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СҲǳµĹæͲ˵
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ڱԼɨһۺǼһ͸ˡ
Ƣٺõ˶ҪͷƤ飬îʵǸ㲻⾿ʲô
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鱨޵îȻ뵽ǼһڻݾַҲˣʹѧУٹ
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27 
ڳǰһαװ
Ȼαװûʲô𡭡ǼᶨĽǼñ״ϣҰ޷յĹβ͡ǡѹ¡Լ䡣
ͷ·ֻǳˡ߸С͵͵׼Сʲôġ
ǰαװΪѾһǳʽе顣
ٶ˵ǳҪ
ǹ˾ϰҪװϵҽҪ״ӡҪƷһ
ǼŶñ׶î˵ڸһݵ
Աҵļ໤ж顣
ֻǳŶѡ
ܿͻؼˡ
ȻڰѺǵ鷳½֮
ɫͻ谵ƹ̤ţĵ˫ִ
ĶññͶµӰǶ԰ɥļ́Ϊ׵Σպɫһ
ǱҪžĿĬɨԶȻŴڸеİʦ
ԶȻҲע⵽îľٶ

׷ʦЦǹĻȣ΢΢ͷ·ĺȤζèһ
֧塢ɽǣֵƶٵİԶ
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ҲڼſڴϾҪ˯ء
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ԭһѾ[ħ]ȷϹˣΧֻһʦ
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28 
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乭ļ滺Ž30׳İ׹ǵîǶ˸ҫۺ֮[ħ]ƽĿǰ
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29 
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ô˵ŵͷ˼һᣬȻ򵥸˵ֻǺȻ˻Ǹϰֵԡ˶ѡ
Ȼ06ԡ09ˡ
Ǿĸʦּȱ츳СʦŶҪǼһǰᵽĺˡ
[ٹ꣬ҵĶӾͻᱻԺҡ㴦ðɡ]*1
ݵǸӻļҴδ˾˹ˣǸһСԸʶϸĸס
ѶԺҵľȴǰ˽Ȼ෴ԣǳʲôֻǸѾȥķ˲ˡ
ͻݳμ˵ԺҵķŷǳȤ
ȻЩصİ¡
Ͼݺͽͼûᵽǵ˫ףîҲֻ֪ݵ֮ǰʧ١͵ĸӶ¶ѡ
⧲ԼҺص飬î¶ȡ
ԣ
ݵѾȥ
ԺҳȴѺиǰң
²۾׷ʣ˵˺ܳʱһô֮Ĺϵ档
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˾һӡ
ط̸ɡ
ð
ɿͷ׼صұ߳Ե̸̢Ȼͱһ·˼ž˵Ľֵǡ
ͣ²
ͫ׵𣺡
ȥ

û[]ǰôܰһҪԼСʦؼҡ
С˯ء
һ㶼˯ĺܳͺͻ˯ǰǳױѡ
̸Ĺ˵ٶȲͻԼҺӳ赽ûߵܴһʦȥ̸
˲ʮֻĶſĳ˰ͷϡ
ٶջϢûа⡣ҲûҲ硣
ȻûԵǳϡ
ô˵19ˣƢܹ黹е㳤
ռĹĵĸԡ
һһܿͰ˵ˡ
ܼ򵥣һǰǻΪʦɱֵڻҵʱԺҵˣڶʽ֮ԺǼһһɱδձɱǰѶӵĴڸ֪˺ԺҲ̵˵á
0609ʵʩîɵĿ
ʼָͣܲҵһʱͽһЩɱҵļһĶӰɣʵ˵ķǳȱ츳ʦҴҲ¡ݺǸ쵰ϰֻȫһţ⣬֮İɣҲ˶ǨŭģҿǺܿġ
ԭˡîˣȻԺҵˣͬ˻ݵ츳ҪվǱߵʦ
Լĺͳ֪ʲôȻ⧲ʣ
Ҫĸ磿
Ŷѽ˶٣͵ŤͷüιΪ䣬δҲ̫˽˰ɣ
ֲʲôѲ²顣ƽĻش
ҵ[ۺ]ʵǿʱǿ鴫׷ʻ̳ҡ
ʵȴ˵ԼȱҪʲôî˵ʵѲ¡
ϾҲҪĸ硣
ҲйƵĿա
ȱ
ָȱûʴӵո˼ѪҺԸԼ
׵˼뻹δͬĺӣδϣ
ʮǰǿִǿǳϵغ롣

ѾǷϵ񻰵îҡͷ䵭ϸ׶Ժĳ谮ͱӻ
ô˵ݵҲԲͬ⡣
ˣ˭˽ңѾû˱ӻûѡĹ¶ˣû˿Խвݵȷ츳û˹涨츳ͱ·ҪҪΪʦԼ
ʱ𺳣İ
൱š
ĵĻɺʹ⣬ֱʵĹ۲Ľ۲ǿҵĳ
һʱͷԡ
Ǹؼ鰡
ؼҲڶؼ
¶ûʲô⣬Ҳñɣ
ѵȫձӵγɵԲôǿġĸʶ
ɥ
ԼԼоԼ
βͲ͵ҡһ£ͳֻ˿ʱ䡣
ѾСʱˡ
ô˵֮Ҳϣκ˴Ǽҵճ硣îջֻһͳ΢Ƶ˵
ǻݻǲ裬ñ糶Ϲϵ
î룺Ͼ⡣
ԣѡ񣬺Ҷ»桢й¶[]˵
˵޷ɹʶٶȴ
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ˣ
ԣ˴඼ѡߡ
îҲԷѡߡ
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ȷʵîƽĻش𣺡ҲôΪ[]˫ģɱϵԼҲʧݺĿҪ[]ܹάȥ
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˰ûеȵһԲ۾˶ѣ
˶ѡîش
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ҵļȻС
ȻîҡͷˣûϵԼᴦ
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î⣺֮ҵҪֻЩ[]˫ڿӦˣֻҪҿԽܵݣҲܾ
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ûκΪʲôҪչӣ㾿Ҫϵõʲô
î㶣ĬޱĿڣһӿʼ˵ˡϺűκﶼҪ᲻ɴݵ[]ڡ
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лҪ˵
*1 ԭԡ


30 
ֱħۿĨɱ[]
[]Ƿάȥʹ⿴鱾
ȻîŵƻͷŵȻǽڲӰճǰᡣ
δ˭֪أ
硰ˡв˰Ŀⶢ˱ҵĺǣͼá˺ǡвǣλɥʻ˲ɿµĹ
һ㣬ͼС˱һ١˷תʽû׵ǳлȨ
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׷Ѿ֪ٴþĿƤ׷飺Էͷ·ʲôħԵ˸ڽӴܹݡ
[ʲôһ]
ԼΪ׵жϡ
һԼжϡ
֮ܶ
ڽ볣趨֮һʱð˵Ϊ뷨
һȥݷõʱ򣬶׼һɣ
Цڣ̯һָڴӵ̢ʼ
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ȻȴîĴΥˡ
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ո˵ҪҪΪʦɻԼҸҲǳͬĿ
һ¡ҲǿݳΪʦҲøһ˽;
ʦûбҸǿˣȻǿ֪ĶҲ٣Ϊ飬Ӧò˽ʦľɣȫͨȥ˽ʦร
˵ĵʮ㡣
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Ȼǳ뱳˵ʲôǰʦ·ʵ̫ŵˣ˵Ҳǳţ൱׵ˡ
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ۺîٶȱ[ֱ֮ħ]۾ĬĬ롣
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îһ
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ǵ򻹶ԼԼųîԺǰȫĹǣ˴[]˵еԼࡣ
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ԺߵϴĲĺ͸Ǵ˸кСͰٶվڿϴ̨ߡ
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һϴֻΪǵ̫룬îⶰӵΪؿîͣпǮ÷ز̰æ滻ڲĲּҾߡоͰϴ̨
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Ϊ࣬緹ײΣʱͶǷʶͷðΪʲôǵͬһʱϴ
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Ϻã裬ݣ͡
îһʢͳĻصȻŲƹҼϲźͻԼһõϡ
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ʵɱ˷ǽ˲ݮݮϻһЩƬͼ弦ţ̡
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ģʵƵƵ衣
Դ߻ȻĲһţ̣һȦգҸֻۣҡβ͵СƵġ
î˿
ȻûɶãͺȻһֵĿڣ
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䵰̢ʧ٣ʱһȺ̢ȥîûע⵽Ҫˣֻڴص[ʱȥϲС]ʵ
֮ѡýʣĲһ͵îûɻأԡʧʣ˳Ĭ


31 
裬ꡣ
ȻǶǻʵСӣƽʱɵֻǿֵĴСһǸɶõ桤Сš
Ա䵰̢ɵġҡ¼ԼְַǳΪεġ֡͡۵Сڳ۲һ飬ŷǳصжϡ
ְָĳóԵʽ̢ҹС͵ˣ
˭
ó˵ѵɥ˺ܾãոµġڹ
ҲСŪˣ粹һµĸ㣬ǲûˣȥ򣬸貹𣿡
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ô
ְѵΪԼƭ
͵һʱע⵽Ͱˣ
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ǱԵˣ
͵Բĵ̢˵Ͱˣ
îԹɶڲǰβ޹ڽűߣСȭͷԴҲȫ㣬ֻ˳ͷɵİ׷ȥֱ
̢͵ˣ˲Ǽκһ
ҪʳʳҲûʲô̫Ȥ˵ףȫΪ˼ĺӲŬרʳ׵ġԭ⣬С谮ûߵԼԲȣŮ㡣
ݺͽҲԲ͵Զ֨ǣǷǳɫĸ㣬ҪĻԼһ͸׵á
ԡ
ĵ̢С͵СƵУҪץҵ̢
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˵ǵ̢С͵Ҳû
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îֱ֮ٶգž룬ʽ[]÷׼λѹռ룬ֱϰĸ߿ֱ˲ˡ
׼ҵӲң洫ʽϸ鱨٣îǸûмҵ洫ʽߣ[]÷ʵ಻ȥ
鿴Զ˲ƺͫ׵𣺡ˣ
һȻԼħۿƣ˲ƾ롭ʵס
˲ߵ㶼ҵĳ
ȻֱӴîڼġȫʩ
ǲڼи䡢Ϣͷ
Ϊһ֣ԹͷҲܱͨ˿
ͷߴ䷶Χ˲͡ǡĻ˹
ǵڲ任գۼͻΪߡ񡢹ǵȸֶİѡԴ̧𣬿յۿĵĶߡ
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îǽԼĹǾ
Ǿûи˼άӾ鱨ȴîһѣͻֱϵîȻ鱨ݸԷҽ˵ָ
ҹͷѺ󣬻ֱԶ̵î̬ı䣬Ҫîֱڳͷö࣬һֱͣҲҪԴԴϵî˵˺Ҳһˮƽ
ΨһĺôҲֻԶ̲ٿˡ
衢ݺͽÿ϶îԼͷķ
Ϊ[]Ĵڣ֪򲻻ԺʲôîûùǾοǾԸ[]
îͽŹǾҰ
˱ĵ̢
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Ǿû취˵ڿۿҲû͸¶ֻǷҡͷ
ֱŤͷװûԵ̢˶צ
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îһȻװû޸ͼӵĹǾ
Ը񣬵ôôġ
Ϊǿû˴
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Ǹδ꣬ԷҲĵȷȷӺԼһܣ̢Է͸Էɡ
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Ȼ[һµ]г˴⡣
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ʵ˵ûϾʦĺæǱ[ǿ]ƺŵһŻߺǵľ
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һšֱױʾҪʱ򣬾˲ʶԷǸ̢С͵
СƵĲըëĴèС
򣺡Gİû˳Ե𣿡
ţҲŲ˷ѣֻǳԲڶԶѣ
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ƢÿҲ죬Ȼְ֪ˣһҲǸˣСһǵͷԭ˶Է
ǮǱСһ
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裺һô
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ԶԡЦĶԼеСʦӣǸΪ[]Ĳŵ飬˵ҺǼ໤Ǻ飬İɡ
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ͽͱî򵥵ʱĺģ˹ȥʵǲҲ쳣
Ϊ¼Ļݾûô򵥣̲סķ䣬С׷ʶ˼䡣
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ݺî˼·һ
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ǸĲһƬɵСﳳֵˡʵ̫ŵˡ
ݶ̲סʼɶԷ[]ص㡣
ǡݷáǡ㡱

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Ǹһƺ൱ϲŪ裬ż߹ΪȻڲ𿪡ŵ˲䣬׳ôӵͻɵķЦ
ÿζϵĲ裺
صȭͷƤȻĺָ״
ͬߴ裬ߡ
Ťͷڡ
îͲûѡ񵱳
ֻĵȵ죬ĬĬĻʳӦƷȻһ˸Ũʡ߽ĩҹ뿪ʱſڡ
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һĿҹʧ
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Ĭվڱȥ¥յľɷſڣǴ˱ʵ㡣
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ͫ׵
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ҵû[ϵ]˼[Ӵ]
Ҳ˵ֻҪҵõ˾ͲųӴҲһˡ
򣺡
19꣬Ҫĸȴ̫ˣʱٶȸܵЩ˲֪϶ǵĽƻ

һߡ
Уδ
һ·ӣӭµס
ſڹոµġд[]ֵı


32 
¼ҵĵ죬Ƥ׷º͵ĿСֻıӰǹ¼ҡѡ·䣬ȻһŬѷŽӰȫ˵·졢ҵ硢װƷ鼮ĸȸֶóںʵλá
˻ݿӰӴ÷Ѵô򵥴ߡ
Ȼ࣬Žȥƺûʲôơ˵⻹ǻݵΪץ¶ġгļɣʼôֻſڶèèͰй۲졣
ʰ¼ңîԼ·򿪵ԣϵƽɱ༭
[ƽɱ༭GβʦˣΪʲôôͻȻҪҰæ]
[βֻһ˵˽ԭѣ벻ҪģѾˡ]
îƽĴ֣ھѧϰ֮ĴٶȻ˲ֹһ㡣ȻûִϤԵȣٹͨѾʲô⡣
[βҵסַԺжš߹ҪǩֵݣͷİҼĵҵ¼ҡ]
[ƽɱ༭ַʦǵ]
ڈϰƽɺͺƺܸˣپ˵õ졣
[ƽɱ༭ϼҲںеδԼﳤģǿǸõطˣβʦ൱ϤǱߵĵΣʵĳл˵ҵҶһŶպҲһϼңҪæطʵ飬زҪ]
î㶣ɸ̾һɡ
ǵġ
îԼµַ˱༭ˡ
еİ׷˿վȥ¥յС¥ſãеı༭һ֪Ҳžܵõµַ֪ͨ
ȡƫġ
ֻǷǳԡڹϵĿǡ
îĳƪС˵21űʼǡѾˡ
ΪЧʸߣעҲˣʹ󵨵Ľ֪ѧ¿Ϧһܿǡ͵ϦβʦĶϻһܿǡҲ˲䷢˷Ծ
ϲּ
ߣҮ¸ܸû٣
߽֮ܶβԾ˵ٶȽ˲ƵƷһΪѧ̳Ӹ߲µŻ⡣
༭ȻһС˵
Ϊ֪îﻹд壬Ѿʼǰ׼桶21űʼǡһ ǰͬʱîͯҲϼˡ 
Сӣÿ춼˯ǰµͯģͯϼʱܳ档ֻͯޣȶҲ糤ƪС˵Գǰ߳ٳȶӡˢߣһ
׼Ȼٲ˸ֺԼǩ
޷ȥͱ༭빻ṩȷסַԱʼĺ֤ͬԴ
⣬жҪî
֣î֪ͨ༭ľ
ϾǱΨһԴ
ڽڴѪԵøҪˡ
Ȼɷֻͨرȴֲ¼ҵĲɹͺеѣ⣬Ϊ˱Ժҵ˳šڡҵݣîøС׼ȫµġܹͷڼҳװѹϵݡȱֱܹзЧӦ֤
ҪһǮ
ñҺ⡣
Ѿûзڻݺͷڽˡ
ȡ֮ģıݺı͡
໤ǱîǱ衣
ϣǴƫԶתͶݵĹ¶תѧҲƣȥҲм¼֣ʱϽתѧֱڱѧУѧ
˳һᣬ԰ѧͼ򵥺ܶˣϾ԰룬ֻҪͿֱ뿪ѧҲҪתѧȻݺͽ͵Ҫôöࡣ
֮ܶΪ[]޷͸¶ҵ飬֪ڼҺͱҹϵ޼֤ȫԵͬûС
Ժû취šڡҵݣҲ֪ݼ̳[ʮӰ]źܿͻ᲻֮
Ͼǡֻǡ⡢ͨѪӣʦ츳ۼ֮ǰҲᱻӵȥ
ܻӭĻ⺢Ӵž͸ᱻһˡ
îҪĽ
ӵĺӶƽ£ΨһܵشֻǮ
ţֻǮ
Ͱ͵ĴͿˡ
⻹ԶԶֲòѻɴǿǮ˴롣
ҪδѻɸǮȥţĿǰصԶ
îһѺ׼ɵĶǵøι̡
ܻڱʲôĹִͷӡٶԷĵ׵ȷîµϣ


ٴĽǶȷˡ
һĸۿڳУʮǰĻҸˣ˽Ϊأڻ࣬ƶߺ;ķֽ߼ۣͬʱºҲ൱ķγ˲ٴССĺڵ֯
Ϊڵݺᣬʮǰĺÿ춼ᷢ¼ڹȥؽǿһֱӸ߲¡
Ȼîʮǰе֪
Ѿı˺ܶࡣ
î֮Ի¼Ҷλܴԭȡں׼ɴݸ鱨
[ǰ籬ը¼󣬺ؽͳʴģʽµһ鼸ȫڣֻʣļС䣬һҲû٣ϵİȫش]
[Ϊǵ߾۾ӵĳУж籾Ͳ̫ܲκϽȥȥ½ͼٲֺˣȻ̫ȣî˴ʦߣõĳ]
îҪϡ
Ȼкڵֲֻ֯ҪסڸۿڵشΧͨĸʲߡôô࣬ͨ˰ҵԶĵİȫص㡣
ñδîѡסַ
¼ҶӺգîΪѡǵѧУ߱Χջѯƽɱ༭ŰмغϼҵĶԷæԼҺȥתѧ
תѧѧһתѧĻû취ѧȺǩֽɷˣҪ˴źԼϵͨС
ƽɱ༭ȻӦ
ѧ˸԰ݺͽѧ˸δһСѧ
ȫƽɱ༭ĸУ
ѽƼѧУʷˣҿԴƱУ綼ܲƽɱ༭·;ֺǺǵĶʦҵĺ˵ҪǳסƼѧรĻѾһʮʷˣУҲ˵ҼҵַβʦҵĵַҲԶ
ƽɱ༭ԾԾԡ
תڴƽɱ༭ͼ
î뺰ƵĻݶ˶٣Ӳ΢ĸĿڣҰְ֡岻̫ãҲ̫ϲˣǲдˡ
ʹԲǶܸмְҲ˵Ҫúúƽлˡ
׵ĲͷְֻҸл񡣡
ô˵ţԼСóһСеģдƬ
[գΪԵʣ޷棬ʵǸ⣬Ļǵл]
ƽɱ༭Щ˲ȸԾ
βʦרŸҵдƬ
îѣȻдƬλ༭˷ܡ
ϲЦտƽɺͺŲӯЦ޶˶нһǧƵģʦҪûģϣʦ
ƽɱ༭־ĴСֻѧСؼҵ·;ЦǺǵָָ꣬벻Աܡ
Ҫ
৵ľ֣ݺͽס
ˣƷѡҡͷ
ܶѣʲôƷأж󰡡ƽɱ༭εЦţ͵Դ
֪ݺͽ͡Ļء˱ϺΪĸװк׸չ˵ʵĶ岻ȴŬҵıʦԽ塣
ƽɱ༭Сһȥѩ⣬ȻͳǮȥ̨򵥡
ҵԱǸ꣬Ų145ң޺ͬʱһͷƺɫĶ̷һ۾Щѵ̬Ⱥ档
ƺ췢ɨļ˼۸̧ۣƽɱ༭ܹ415Ԫ
õģˡƽɱ༭ͷǮ﷭һԪӲҵݸԷ


33 
[һСŢˣŢõꡣ]
[ԲҪ뿪]
[ûһѣҲҪԼߵ̫档]
ͯ͵䱦
߽β

ΪһС˵¾Ľֶԭɱҵ
Ϊһƪȴͯ˹ߡҲƥۿںֵԱƸѡ񳹵Զ硣
14꣬ɱûɹκ֮֯Ϊ˽Ҫ⣬ӲͷƤʼԼְħġ
Ȼ14仹̫Сˡ
ֻǹ䡣
ԻҵĺģȥҲûʲô̫⣬ڸƽһЩδûôס
ߺٻ̼һһ14ͯɻ
֮֯뿪ǰĴ۸Լ䣬ѳԼ16ꡣ
Ӹߣ1416Ҳ̫ܿó
Ȼֻ꣬ɴֱӾʹӲϷΪ˺Ϸ14껹ڷΧ䣬վͯ16ĻѾ˷ͯ룬ʽˡ
ȻΪӼ߰ߵĵ飬ҲûѧʼֻܹһЩС̵СҵְһЩʽϵ͵սṤ
ԱֽԱţ̵ԱŲͻԱЩ
Ȼһȫ꣬ǲͬ
սᡣ
ȥǮȥûǮ֡
ûкͬϰ浽͡
һ֮֯Ϊĵĸ֣Ѿв̼Ҷʶˡ
ϾԷĺˣֺܺ˵
²ǹڵ£ԥİæ
è²취ϰĵݻͰæͨ·˳ܴŵȥЭżᱻ£ҲᷢƢ
Ϻ˰
кһദһʱ˶̲סð뷨
ȻϺˣȴ۸
ҪеƦå鷳λ򵥵ܰƷסȻ󡪡
;ȥˡ
һ㶼ıһܴʮ
˶ʱȻ𾴡
֮ܶ
ΪԷ桢Ϊ˿ɿһЩ֮֯ľ񣬽ʼȥӼСꡣ
ǾӾݵϴүͺϲˣЦǺǵкԷصذѽʣµĹض°·֮֯öԷȥԡ
ϰڱ㵱ûؼңƷǸƿţ̣ƢҲܺãżƵСġ
Զ֮󣬲Żʶжôů
ȻӰĽ䣬˺ڰǰɱĿ⣬Զᱻ粻ڵĲů
ûѡȥۿںֵǼ°ɣ
Ǽ¡
ԭΪ﷦ζʱûôȤֻԼһְǮҲոպùãܹһʼ飬Ȼʱ䳤˵㣬ʮǰܻؼңżĩϢա
֮֯Ѿˡ
ʵæµĴĽ֮֯ڻؼҺ淭ղصľ鼮ûǮµģÿܡÿ·С˵ޣڿ½ںֻܹһϰ顣
ڽβʦƷ21űʼǡ¿ϦתƵܿǡĶƵʾ͸߶ˡ
ÿ׼ʱ׷û¹
ڷѶתұ˺֮֯żβʦдԼĸ͹Ļ
ǷǳżΪֹֻأдҲȽϼֺֻ̣֧͹Ļ
ΪԼżŵԷ
ϰ˵ΪյĹ̫ࡢῴ֮꣬֯ͽԼĵǣдҲ
Ȼ֪һᱻܹһͨߵżѻܹǵ͹ĴﵽʦǱ߰ɣ
[½βʦ

ϲĳƪС˵ͶƱĵһƪµľҲһʵҾʡ
ﰢǧĹºʦµĶĳɹٵĹȻΪˡ
걻ϰڶľֶֽţ֮ޱպ׵ɹٽͽһԨʱĳǳ𺳸УͽǮԺԡ֪顭ìײµչ¶쾡£ұˣޱڴĽֺ࣬ʱ˿̣Ҳĵĵȴܵĸ¡
⣬Ҳ˻ʦл
ʦͯ͵䱦ҺܴĴڹؼʱ̣ת۵ѡһ·
ʦд
Ţˣ޷Ţеõꡣ
ºů
лл
ʵĶߣ֮֯]
ҵҵļְħżβʦڵĳ󣬾ͼԼճ͹
ֱ󣬴ϵŲ·;ڱҵ˸Լš
ŵַ硣
ƺ췢۾
ƺǲµʲô˶٣ӿ˺ŷ⣬óƬ
øֱдġǳƯҼ߸˷ּ
[лл֧֣ҷǳϢ
ɡ
ιâҸԶ㣬Ըδĵ·˳ǰСβ]
14ľƺ췢껺գۣЦ⣬ƬСս˱

ѾٶȻָƽ͵ճ¼ҲСֻֻȮĴ±塣
ƽɱ༭ҵСѶѾ˳ѧɹ
ȻתУÿĲܿͺ԰СǴһƬƯĽҲܿСȺ塢ӵ˼̸ѡ
üλͥԱĽ״Ļݡ
ǳϣҲܿӵ̸ͬѧ
ϢȻΪĽͷǳˡ
ڷ۵ŮЦݲá˫ֽǰǹޱȻĺͼǷϢ
⻹ҵһοݺ졪
ȥĻ䵭ΪͼͥԵʣ˺Ѻͬйͬ⡣꣬ȷûܽʲôѡ
Ҫ˵ôŰͣ
ݺŶƤףɹڣһɫ൱ԣҲѣֻǰѰְֵѧУڿμ俴ʱҴע⵽˶ѣպǰְֵĶߡֻһ¾顣
ȤͬǽѵĿŶڴĿԼĵܵܣº͵Ŀ˸СЦͣݣȡСѧڼҵһٸѣְֺͲҲһڴܽѡ
ôһٸôడըëͣͲ迴̫දƬˣ
ԴӷڼҽܽϸΪ󡢼໤˵Ҳɱî֮Ϊ˱𲻱ҪעŬĸĿڳƺΪס
ΪǶԼѾûκӡˣĵǱʶԼԼ[]ϵȺţڸĿڵĹ˳
ΨһѣžֻСһǵ
һαڼҵĽܳƺΪְ֡ʱټ¶˲һ顣
㶵ģĺŹ⣬һŷӦźǳЦ⣬ϥ£ֱ̧˱˼С㣬ȻԼͳ΢ƵӦһ
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лҪ˵
Ȼ˵ǻ̡ճһһ
ֻ֯ǶߣδܻᷢչΪ˺̽
ĿǰĻǸļְħ
Ҵźܿͻᷢһﵽ򹤡޴ڡ
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˳psöһ£֯11¾ѾˣΪûȥڵӦƸ14껹ڴ򹤣15ᱻҲ糤ߣ֯


34 
ѧУʶͬѧֽҴ徫С
պǻݵ
Ҳû뵽ͶԷĵתѧУ°༶Ҳ˿ûнѵ˼Ǳ쵽̨ҽܣҲֻǼ򵥵ı˸֣ƽò˵˾̶ָѡ
μҲûΪݶֻòӦһ¡
Ͼһ꼶Сʵ̫ˡ
㲻ָһ꼶Сжôؾ˼Ժںɲǵĳ̬
ͬкӵĻ඼Χż泬Ȳ߻ӰߡŶչȻһ𿴣Դ˵Ȥȴߡ
ȫЩСһϷ
ĿǴһ顢һķֽɫ̨߳ܵʣڿμ༶ڻƴʲôǧ񡱻衱󡭡ݾԽᶨ뷨
ԲܲκϽȥ
̫ˡ
ԾܾͬϷķڻݣѡԼĬĬλϿʱ䡣
ϲĶƫͯתΪʵ鼮űͱֽҲпЩǱŰŰɵ̬ȡ
ѧһ죬ҪԼ򷢿ʱ׼Ļݴܿǡ
îġ21űʼǡء
ڵһķܿ󣬾ͺԥԼϸ׵ĿӣȻѹȥĿǵ¿Ϧܿǡȫ˳ͷβĿ˺ü顣
Ϊұ˵ĺӣ׷׷δĻֻҪŴ۾קסϸ׵ĿȣССıԼԲɻԼС޵ֿĸߴ飬˳˳õǰԭȨ
δֻǻǰϽµĸƽɱ༭Լ½ڡӡεķ߻ڿͰ͵ĵܸµʱΪҺӵĻݾѾһƪˡ
Ȼܰîԭ
ֻܴܿ
ڣķܿϵġ21űʼǡ½ڡѾƪµĽˡ
ȤĹǾ𷴸Ķġ
ԡﰢǧĹ¸ⱾС˵˿ƪ󣬡ĳɹ١ҲԺѷɫľжߵθڡ

Ǵʱڡ
ƪµĹ£Ƿһֵĳ
·򲹸ʵΣͣĵһյסڱصľ˴һίС
ֵʬ塣һ֪гѰô֣ص˵ܾǲġˣȷһ£һḶӦıꡣ
Ȼܾ
һȥʬ塣
ȫԡ
ǸöĹʱӱʿͳͳʧһɶЩֽţһͳͳʹ;ϡ
ЩһﶼˣĲ񫣬˸ҵԼŮѺˡһ鸴ӣϧҾνȴܶǵӶ
˿ʬ壬ü
ƺʲôûиߴһֻ˵ԼҪȥ顣
αװɶͽˣ߽ĵ¶ĳ
Ȼƪµ˹һ15ĺɹꡣ
ǳ㣬һºͣϴƺӵĶȴ쳣
˸λ£ԼǮŵ˶ϡ
ȻڶĹĭҷɡĺУʼ˶ľ֡
ڣǶ׬˲Ǯ
˵ƿڴӮ˵ϲЦտ
Ҫע𣿡ɹº͵ʵ
Լע⵽ԷĿ޵ķһλϡ
ȻλӮͷĶͽԼĳһ뵽ϣ£Ϊʲô£ã
ã
á
롣
ɹٴۣʼϴơ
Ӯ佻棬ġ󣬶ͽʼϵǮˡ
Ӯȫ˻ȥһδεİõ죬ȻĿȴûаʿɶֹ˼
˽͵ΪֹΣɹ̲ס飬⻰Ǵ˵ģȻڶȴôˡɹٲ㱻ͽ׹ȥ̻Ҹһ
ƨϾͻӮǮҸ׬һǮ
ʱһĶĳԱ赭дƲλǶĳĳͣɱСأֻһʱöѣϾӮˣ²С˱ǮǶĳҲԽ裬λҲշһСƣĸˬôˣĵСɹپͱǸģʵƣÿ˺úþˡ
ԣԣͽͷ
˶ɹ΢ŵһ̾Ϣ
˿˶ԷһȻ󰲾Ŀʶ˶ĳ塣
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һʼڳǧ
˭Ӯ˭䣬
Ŀͷ֮һһƲˡ
ǷĳǮɲʲô¡
⻹ǵ¶ĳվһ塣
ɹٿӮػصĲϸϣ˺סġ
Ѷͽ̾Ϊֹ
ɹٽһԨ
ֵطԿ˶ΪҰ޵Ĺ̡
ɹԼĹ֮󣬾ŤͷȥҵĶͽ
˻ߵĴ޴Ҳ޶ԡ
¶ĳÿ춼аѲƲ⡢Ѽ⡢˫ӶŮͳͳڡ
ծĴ൱¡
ֻȥ衢ȥҪô
һͻᱻծ˿ţһܾͻᱻԣٰ¾ͻᱻֽš
ͻĽԴЩǷĳǮļһ

Ҳ׷21űʼǡ𣿡
ԵĻݱ·ͻȻ͵ػع
ֻŵĺèԲԼ۾ͬ6Ҵ徫
΢̷ͬɫϵС¶ǡôºЦݣУǸŵΪϲⲿƷͬˣһʱ鲻Խˡ
ûϵݻȻ
ǰְֵĶ߰
ԭͲھ͸ˡ
//ֻͣҪ㴵ҼҰְ֣ʲô¶˵
ձϲͶƬСѧһ꼶ѧͬϲѧİߣʵס
᲻Ȥһ£Ķһ¡
Ͼ21űʼǡвٺֺʹʱϢûѧܶ
Ҵ徫вŻеϲתУ
Ѿһ𣿡
šѾƪˡ
Сž̸ԼĿ
ɹǶĳϰӣΪָ˵ĶϰΪģ˶ĳ·
ɹȻֵط󣬵һ֪
֪ûֹܵĶ顣
ֹǶ飬ܻп־壬ΪɹٺЩͽ³ԼҲֵزݲ䣬ԲŻޱȴһΥ
ʵ˵ȥĶͽȫֵͬ顣
ǵģҲΪȻ
ں濪ƪʱʬ򡣡Ҵ徫˵ǵﰢǧֵɽʬҲȽɡ׻ʲôԹɵĹأ
ǸݸſڣϣκĿڣӦþ֪ˡ
գ͸ˡ
ʬǶͽǶծ˵Ŀ־塣
ΪǮ±ծ˵ĺֶɱĿ־塭ҵͽĿ־壬ջγΪ[ծ]䡣
ƪС˵Ȼɫʣȴעд[]Һϲһ㡣
Ҵ徫дЦݺ˵ƪµĵطǹе첿֣[]ĶʵǷǳĶ档
ϧβʦܲɷãĺܺʲôʦܹдʵƷһλʶԶɣűʼǡһ߲ȡ˵[ﰢǧ][ĳɹ]ѭʵء
6Ҵ徫УЦ˵ٶߵĻ
Ͼ21űʼǡɲʲôĹ¡
ǡﰢǧǡĳɹ١ǵ͵ı硣
ҴڻݳĬ˰κͷʱ䣺ǿЦģֻԴ˳޽βʦϸںаѿصľʡ
ݶĿǰͬѧ΢΢˳۽ޣ΢ס촽ЩС˵űʼǡ˵Ҳǲܡ
еĹͨ˵ǻ룬֪˵ȷʵʵڵ䡣
鹹Ĺ
ԭôΪġ
ǿǵְִֶİƲԷ䲻Сһ飬ʲô֡
űʼǣļűʼǡ

Ϊʲô21űʼǡأ
21ꡣ
֣ʲô⺬
Ȼ𰸣ע⵽˴·Ľ͡
꼶Ľصؿ¥ܵܵģʱοĿźͬѧĵܵܡı塣
žͷǰڼұȤ˵ҪһٸѡĻ档
ٶȻʱѾǵڶˡ
緹ʱʳ⡣
̧СƺЩ⣬ش
ȷʵҹȥŵĸıࡣ
ûܾµﰢǧ
ԳΪ֡ȥɹ١

ʮǰȻҪƽ͵ִҵöࡣ
21ֵĻ
˵΢΢˶٣ĺһ˲ʧ
̧ܿСһĺ̷һĳȣ
Ϊֻ21ꡣ
գ۽ӻΪʲôֻ21ꣿ
ͷΪˣԻؼ𣿡
ɥȻĵͷ
ݻǾﲻԡ
˵
ջڴ˵ͷ½èһۡ

û֪ҲԶԼߺǡ
ֻҪɽĳ㹻ˡ
Ҫ֮˵Ĺȥ

ֻ21ꡣ
Ϊŵʱ䣬Ҳֻ21ꡣ


35 
֪һ¹ȥˡ
2009·Ѯ
¿ʼߡ

µһӴ򹤿ʼ
룬֮֯׼ʱԼĳۡ
Ȼ˹ȥϢϰߵʮڻ·ϴ꣬ȻĸԼ˷͡
ϸʵĳ󣬾ƺ췢عŵǸֽͳһŵīɫãֻԿǮڴĳš
Ϻã̡
¥֮֯òСͥԺｽķ̴˸к
ϺãС֯
׷ԲԵķ÷ǳɰβ׺ƺǰꡣ
۾еˣϻĿȴܺƣǺüƣһЦԵΪͰȻѾˣȴţԼܿʱ˷ˣҲġ
Ҫȥ𣿡ֺǺǵĿ
ǵġ
ڷܵ㲻ǻ£ǸúӣҲҪע壬Լ
벻Ҫġ
֮֯ϲλ̡Ϊɱֵģϰޱλǰǻ鲻Խ飬㹤˵ѡ
ʵ
͹ȥĹڵճֱܹݡ
ţǾͺáǾͺá˵С֯ؼҳԷ𣿡
֮֯һ½ĹţŲˣȥһᡣ
ҪĿȥһڵġǡ̸͡
ľ飬һǡСʱھͻ꣬ڶŵ̸õģȥһ㶼򵽡
ȫҪ
ֻǽĹȽϽûпȥϣϰûǸһ
˲֣˵һรС֯
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ԷκʱκεصְǱֽţԱŲͿԱǱԱǳʱԱӾݶӰ
ʱ򣬺һл㱣һȻɣɵʶԷǲкüֵͬ¡
Ȼõ˴򹤻ʵ۷񶨵Ĵ𰸡
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һȥҵСҲ϶Էʱк˵仰ˡ
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áѶȫڻĿ˿Էıֽ㻹ҪöҪ𣿡
Ҳ࣬Ͳһˣǰ°ˡ
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֯ǰְֵĶҮ
񱻿佱СһۺٺɵЦøжȱһأıŸֵİţ̶䡣

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ûеһʱ俴ֻСķŽԼĿȻԤԼȥĳ˼аæͨˮܡ
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[ƽɱ༭иӰӹ˾Ҫǩ21űʼǡСﰢǧƪΪӰ籾]


36 
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21űʼǡȻеĳƪС˵ʵƫڵԪ磬ÿƪ¶ԵóĶîѾɵĹƪ൱ߣǾ鷢չʱĸϸڻǰڴõķʡޱȵĿҡǡô
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˽ǶǩԼӰһ൱ɹ۵룬Ҳ֤˽βʦĳɫʽҲܿɹۡ˭Ǯأ
ѧߵĽǶ˼Υѧ𣬸ˮž̳༭ЩڸʮʬǷ·𱻻жһһݹӣԽβʦƷĳӰӻΪעʱʱٺٺٵĿЦ
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Ͼ༭ͬޱĽֲĵĿ⣬Ǹеˬ
ǸѾʮܱ༭îͶδʽǰ۹ⶾ ϵζҪǩĹ¼ѾڲԼʵĿΡ
ȻҲͬۺĽڡ
磺Ǹ˵ͷӡ
ڲܱ༭
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ΪβʦƷֱ༭ƽɺͺڷǳ˷ܵĺʦӰӻ顣
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[ƽɱ༭ͬĻпȻܱ༭ҲйĿڸȡ桭ʦõİȨѣǸĲͣг۸֮߳һǳɹۣ]
[ƽɱ༭ǼӰӹ˾ҪһϵеӰֻˡﰢǧİȨŻеԥҪһ죬ﰢǧĵӰſɹĻ´ξͻῼҪҪһİȨˡ]
[ƽɱ༭ڸг۵İȨѣǴõʣƪ°ȨĹȨͬҲһȻǿɲȦף룬𲻴Ӧʦ飬벻ҪģȻᣬܱ༭Ͻ ǻȫάߵȨ棡]
[ƽɱ༭˵ʦҪһۺͬҪĻҿԷһݵӰġ]
༭桤ֻ츳৵ðһһε֣ΪîִƼľʱϢ̫̣ɶԷӲϳ˵ƽɱ༭Ӱӹ˾ĹԼ¿ʿݵĸҳ˹
ԹڵǰîĬĬĵƽɱ༭󣬲ͷһִ̧꣬ȥһ¿
îȦ˽ⲻ࣬ͬޣʼͲɸѡ
ԼǩԼĳ硣
Ǹº͵ˣԼӮĺһ㶼ḶŽദ߻½
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î[ҵר]¹ȥһֱƺΪǿšҲԼܡûܡ
Ļظ[岻㣬ͬ黹ͷǶģҲϸڣΪǡ]
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һ仰ȼ־ı༭ҶߵƽɺͺƱϷ۾󼤶ĵȭ۵׺ȼա
һ˲䣬ȫǸ᲻ˣǸսη塢ְӢ
[ƽɱ༭ˣһ¡]
[ƽɱ༭βʦƺûпͨTwitter˺ŰɣüӰǩԼʦȥעһţĻҿȰæŪáٽʵ֤ʦʱ½һ½TwitterͿˡ]
Twitter
îһãȻûʲô
ƽɱ༭ܿϸϸĽTwitter罻ƽ̨ĺ÷һģ˵ڹʲôġ
ʱ˿̵ƽɱ༭δԡ
ȻǸϹŶ
ǸͷѧϰŬͼʱϹŶ
ڷTwitterͿʼĬĬھվĹܡ
罻ƽ̨˵ȻǸΪĶ
淢ԡﲻۣͬ淢ԭС¡Ӻֻ͡廭Լ
գۣƶ꣬ͷ
˿ǹƷԼķԣųԵ뷨ȸ˲飬ĵ֪׬Ǯ;
Twitter¡廭һķ˿ʵ׬ǮĻġ
Ȼû棬ܹչ¶ˮƽ
ñȲ廭ʦͿ԰ѹƷųȥˮƽߵĻָѻ߹˾Լ塣
Ҳ࣬һҲأҲбϵפǩԼĿԡ
Ȼϰֻ·ȥ̳һ̨ɨǡ
͵ҶŵĻϵ磬ĬĬ˳˼

Զƽɱ༭Ȼ˸硣
ð𣿡
СֹܿջעĿʼ׼Ӱӹ˾ڶ̸㡣
Բܹβʦڴ
̳ѵһǰ

ǰ꣬һ޴ıը¼*1
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뾶ˣƽⳡ룬״ݻ˵β˵ڵһԲεľ޿ӡ
ٳûдΪֺʵǹӴµ̯ҲΪ֣еڣ޼ҿɹƬʼ˷ӣ
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ʱ䣬㹻ѶƶƬտҲַֺô룬ҲˣԭΪľƶߵΰ˲١Ͼͷ඼תȥӪˡ
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ͺСȥԲλᣬèƶһӯ
ϻϾҲĿףĹҵģ֪װʲô̫ܿ峤࣬ΪС׵ĶñԴϣñͶµӰģ٣ˣмɫ޵ٺɫͷСһ໬
ٵƶţܿһеƦåۼС˫ֲ嶵һԾ׾ٵķôߵǽȻһ·ǰһȦ̧ƿһƤݵš
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ٺ췢ɫС̧ۿˣ¶˷ǳʵĲЦݡ
ǰﶵŵĴװͻȳ˳ӿڴͳɿȲĴ⣺
֮飬ǿ쿴ʳҽ컹Ӯɿ
--------------------
лҪ˵
*1 ǰʱߣըӦǰ귢ģǰѾ޸Ĺ
Ҳը¼յ꣬Ǿꡣ洨꣬˽ꡣ
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37 
һͷɫٺɫ̷СһֽԭҲ
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ҲԼҲ̫ȷ
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طֻעʵ
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ҲȽ⡣
κһ֡
⺢ӲΪƶţȫȫûǰļ䡣
ԭҲĹһƬհס
ļĿˣʼǰ

ǰ2007꣬籬ըĵ졣
ԭҲһ۾ʱڱըַġǸΪֹδƽݱΪһƶۼصľ޿׶ˡ
ǵģлűըĶζ̳ţΧһշž죬ҳԼ⣬ûеڶ˵ĺ
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ܼѵάƽ⣬վ֮ССҲųγ󺣰ãȻĿܵĿɲѡ
ǰһжݻˡ
ǽʧһɶ
⺢ޱҪ֪ġԼݺ͹

ԭҲڿĿѧ·֮뿪˾޿ӵġ
¶һĿĵǰߣһ治ϵĹ۲硣
ҴҲֱһֻճ̣Χһжޱİ
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Ϊɥʧ˹Ҳ벻κһԼȥĵط
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ͷС˺һ޼ҿɹ顣
ҲԼ˸ŹҹҲ̫עĿ

¶ٺ췢СƾԼ˼ͳɫѧϰʼ˶ƶճ

̰һ֪ĺӣӵ֮ìܵ˼Ҳɻļѡ
ھ֪ԼҪԶ챻ˮʪȫ촽סҲˮԴʵơƦå鷳ԭҲĥ˵ĹһȦǿ˽[]淽ʽŻڡ
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Ҳѱϳʲôܳԡʲôܳԡ⺢ʶһȰ·ŵƬسΪķεľ塣*1
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Ҳע⵽ЩСϲϡ
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Сһ˼ͷתƵһŮϵọֿ̈̄ǸСŮתƵһŵ˺󱳡
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ԭҲͰǵ˾ʾãǱҪƽնȥӴЩС
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ѹʳҩƷȸΪսʤһԵõһĶ
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ΪСӲܻԶˣȥֻһ³
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㲻϶ôг
ΪǸƤ׵ѩһкҪ͵Ҳҩʱץġ
״ҪȶԷòٵҲס˶Էĵܷһ˲ֱӰˤѩϡ
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ԷҲĿĺ
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ڷֶԷҲӵ֮΢֮ʣ΢Щϲ
ոҪ͵ҲûɿԺڷӵѹƣֻǴӰóǺҩʡ

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ڷСޱ죬ܾ֮ޱɳƵش𣬡ҩ
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ڷĺӲֵĿ˶ԷһۣƺЩ졣
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ΪҲҪҼãҲŲ㡣
֪һҩܹﻻٶ𣿡
ҵǲ֪ڵʳﻹܻȥԭҲƽ˵òĻþͺܻܿᲡɣ

Ƭ죬ÿ춼µʬ֡
ԭҲѾˣȴδȻ
洨֮黺ս֣ץǺҩޱĿ˶Էһᣬ
շ·𱻶Էǹҫٺ췢ɫƵģͷҲصܵˡ

֮Ҳĵһߡ
̡ȫûаҲ˵עͬӵĶԷȻ顣
շչΪͬϵѾһܺˡ
ǰԭҲ׵Ľ洨ͬ롣
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38 
ƶ޸ĸС඼ǳѣܹҲߵ淽ʽ
һѡȺγɸָС壬ԱȡĻᡣ
ֵطԭҲȫС
洨Ȼˣʵ̫ףΪӪ϶ʵ俴ҪСʱﲻ֮ʲôæƽʱֳֻ档
洨֮ڽʣĸײźȫһ֮Լˡ
ѹͬ䵫ƶ߹¶ز١
⻹ÿӵܡ
ȻĿǰҲǿǿ˲ƶߴʱ
ûѰͬ顣
̫֮裬ѰͬҲúܾá
ҲܹɣϾƶ֮Ѿ㹻ˣȻˣ֮޵ɱˢΡ
úÿС˷ӹѾʲôϡ¡Ůӡ֮֮òĶӽԼá
ֵطˣĶ
Ľ洨֮ڱĿտҲ֮ȮǰԭҲ
ǸȫӦôƶߡ̫ĺӡ
۾󺣣ͷɫҲޱȲáȻСϺҲģ˾ȴ㣬Ųζ
ҪǣԷźƶߵǽȻͬ[]
Ȼ[]

ԴӶԷõҩ֮󣬽洨֮Ѱʳ·;ԷüΡ
ûٴ
ֻʶھһ˼仰
û˰ɣ
ս䶷ٶȻʤԭҲԼսƷЩǵʵ
Ѿˡ洨֮ŶԷĶ飬Ȼɱž裬ɻش˶ԷĻ
รǾ̫ˡҲ˿
˵˾ͳĬ
ҲڵĶ˶ָ⣬뿪
ȻڶԷתʱ洨֮ȴȻס˶Է
ι㣬Եһ¡
ţʲô
Ҳͣ˽Ųͷ
洨֮ں֮¶˰յ顣
վԭס죬ãһİԼҵʳֳһ֣ݸ˶Է
Ǹı꣬ллҩøҡ
ͷڵβѩ׵Ķض̷СɰͰ͵ô˵
ƺܲϰߵл
ôˡ
ΪûжԷҩһܳŹȥ
ԣΪԼбҪô
ҪѶһʹ
Ϊʳҩļֵȫȼۣ֮鲻֪Է᲻գֻóЩԲԶʣµķҪġ
ҲŶԷʳգۣʣǻʳĴ𣿡
֮ҡͷ
ҲҪ
Ҳü˵
Ż룬ִ̧ԼսƷ˸ŰװԷ
ȫҳԱأ֮ǰǸһȥɡ
洨֮𾪡
û뵽ԼԷͶιˡ
һǱ
ʳԴǿ͸˵
ͲĻᱻã
ɱСڴŶҪƴҡƤŶԷȥѪ˰
洨֮üظԷ۵ɤ˵һ١
޶˱ѵԭҲ˰κҪûգڴź޲ס䡣
ɤ֮ĻҾøûⰡΪöŬȫοͬ࡭ɣ
ӵͬࡣ
Ҳ˵仰ʱ񶼴Ź⡣
Ȼٺ췢С̲ס¶ЦݣٶȶظԷȻתܡ
ûǾ仰˼Ľ洨֮׷׷ϡ

һȥҲϤ˲٣Ա˴˵Ĵ»Χ͵صҲ˽⡣
ԭҲǰԷΪԼͬˡ
ǽ洨֮ƺû㣬Ҳ˺ܾá
ʽ¶룬Ϊ洨ñǹå鷳ˡ
ܻ֮ǿû취ֿǹе
Եʱֻܱý߾ȫܡ
ֱܲˣ֮ŲòؽƤͰԼǴŹעһĺ׼͵˾һս
ҵǣԭҲǡ·
ʮε䶷Ҳƿܡ
[ٿ]ǹеС

СӴ඼һ
Ҳ½洨ãʱ۾Ϊźڴ
ҾĬպͬӵһĻŻɺܶ࣬ԣҪҪΪҵͬأ
洨֮Ĭ˺ܾá
ȻҪܾ
ԭҲĻ洨֮ûκΪԷʻǸɿͬ飬˫ʵԴʻ׬ˡ
ǡ
Ҳ
ŴƤͰã֮ź۾˵С꣬ûҲûʲôƽﲻκæҪչˡ޷ĻҲӦ㡣
Ҳԣ¶ĵЦݣⲻȻҴһʼ˵ľ[]
պʹ󺣼źڵϲãԭҲ洨֡
ԣǴӦ˶԰ɣ
֮ִһӵġ
Դˣ˳Ϊͬ顣
˵[]

ǵ˺ܶࡣ
ûйȥҲǿ󣬿Ժܼ򵥵õƷΪ̫õĹϵڱ¶ܡӵһҲСɹ
иԱȫС֯ͼ£ǡ
ȫҺܾ֮ˡ
δζЩϵҲδζ֮
ÿҲԥԥ෴ᱻĽ洨εİ˷Ȩ
ԭҲѧϰĳʶ
֮Լȫ̸˶Էô˺ͻˣ鷳ļɵȵȡ
Ըǡö˽ӽ˷츲صı仯
һ̶ƤСˡ
һ㹻һ˯Ĵů͵ľɱӣССĳܳˮˮͷͨĲ
ʳ·ȸԴҲôȱˡ
ͨԴ׬ǮȥոµĶ
Ҳ÷¶ޡ
Ҳ֮Ǯ
Ҫܵܶһ㡣
Լõʮͳȥ򹤡
ΪԺܹһƶߡ

2009·ݡ
ƶѾͬһࡣ
Ľ洨֮鷢ԣͷ۵ıʾԼչСӡ
ԳƣҲڳʶʵ̫ˡ
ȷ
ҲĶ£Ƿܳԣжģ
Ҳһ٣İѷ£ûԣ
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ദİ˲Цý洨ľսġ
ҲȥԡҲܳϿҵıʾԼչСӡ
֮էһСˣܶʱҲ൱ʡġ
˵ϴʱ
˵ϴ裬ʵҲֻǶյˮһѡ
ˮظʹõġ
Ȼֻˣÿεϴʱ洨֮ɻըëèһǽǣƴԼӱ鵽֫嶯ֱ˿ܵ˼
Ҳһʲôֻǲѣ
֮ףҲҪ
㶼ûϴû·ˣ˵顭һ˯㲻Һأ
ҡءҹ
ʲôҹʲ͸ʵ˯ϢҲƴͬˮͰϡ
洨֮ʲԣȻû󲡣ҲҲġ
ִԣӲʵϢǵҲŲС
Ψһʡĵģֻ׵
ô˵˶ޱű˴ˡ
洨ԭҲΨһļˣޱҲΪ˸һС
ԭҲǼԳªĽ洨ůõ̫
Ӧƶ֣߳ȴƫƫ䵽ߵ̫
洨֮ûгΪĿտҲҰȮ
Ҫпĥȥģڼʱµѿ

2009꣬·
Ľ洨ɹƷ
˺統ҡ׵Ľ洨λŬͶι£ɫܿͺ˲٣ҲܰæһЩˡ
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Ȼ˸ڵ
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βҲ֮Ŀɿڴ
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35꣬ᣬѾȦˡ
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ﰢǧһλ䣬ҲһκҪķʣܹ͡ࡱǿҷȻݲȻز١
ȻܹڰǧСԱʵҲ
¿Ȼܶͯǣ϶һأ͹갢ǧ̫Զ
еİǧǸҲǳġ
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39 
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С˵Ʒڣÿƪ»ž׵Ĳ廭
൱ϸĻ
ƪ̵ﰢǧΪܹײ廭ǲеķ񣬵ں˻ֵĸɫͬڶԪֲԪǰдʵŶصС
һţǳڻеҸŮԼףϲЦݵ˫
ɫůÿ˵Цݶ滭Ŵӵϲ죬ͬʱּ߸ȾԻȻĴݸÿһλ֪Ķߣ˲¶Цݡ
ڶţǰǧ̽·;У׹
İǧѾӵ䱦ǸǵС˶谮˶㡣
ţ֮ʣŻ¡žεİǧӲϻεĳ
һźޡҲ𺳵ġ
޵š
ļ²ǰ޹ձͳ޷εеɫӡɫһǰʽϵѤ÷Σ൱ڵڶ׻㹻ׯصĻһЩطżҲɫΪһ׻
ǧɫȻ൱ׯػ
ڳѩףϺºڹȣý޵˿˸ʽɽ軨Ķֲǿž֪ⰺ󣬸ỹǹĻ׵Ρ׻ܹŶҪʮʮ൱ء
׻µİǧҲȷء
ļѾƬ
޺Ϳ־һγһëȻĹֵϢ
С˵߽βʦî˻Ļ
û뵽ΪС˵׵Ĳͼ
ֻǩ˳ͬƽɱ༭βʦTwitterתһĳ֪ͨȶȵͬʱ˳ǸۡĽ£ָԼС˵ƹʱĳͼѡ
Ҳֻﰢǧͼ
ȻҲ˳Լδ¼ְ˼
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ΪɫϸƹھޣȾˣӶѶĶת
же˻ȵķƱʾîĻͼϸȫȫʱ൱𿼲죬дһƪ°ѸϸڵʷԴ˵
Ļ˫ޡ֪ʶԨĽβʦʱѡ
ͼﰢģ̌ϻεɫӣδΪ˵Ӱʱı׼ݻصͨ༭ϵߣҪβʦһ׻ϸͼȻǻḶǮ֡
û뵽ôõյԼҳ롣
˵ҪǮʣ׵Ĳ廭
꿪ĺܸߡ
Ϊîʽǰһ֮˾˵ȶȣǱ߸˹ͷŷǸԼұҵı꣬ǾߵεĿ
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ΪǵúҪӰѡﰢǧΪǡ
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ӰԼʽȷ֮õһǮѰҵĿȫîϢڡ
̫עԼС˵ȶȣһĺܿ
îССһѧԼһ裬ĸ֪λŵߣԵϣڷ´΢ĿΪС
ҲòŲ顣
ϾǸ༭ӻҪ׼ʱһʲôͻޱȸԾĸȰȰܽ
Ѯһ죬21űʼǡͱһɨա
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·ݣӰӻʽȷ
ﰢǧȶȣTwitterʱ֪ͨ@îTwitter˺ţӰӻϢڡ
Twitter˳־תˣһ䡰ǳڴ
ȶһߡ
ѧ߻ϲ꣺쿴̳ٶȳ˸ҫˡ
δ׷󣬿ʼîTwitterԡ
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ͿҵǮβʦҷǳϲС˵ӽǵĹʵ̫ˣʵ˵빺ͯϼͯгİϵеһʲôʱᷢأ
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ȻΪ̫ѧΪѣܹ黹еɹġ
˵ѾɨǺTwitterĻܡ
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ѡӻСʼ
ݵĻԾͽȡģ˵Ȱȥͯ»
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żֻһһĿڵճСֻڼ׽ԲءСһ糿ʱĬվϴ̨ˢԼͽ͵͵˯ĻϻСڹȸֿɰ
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ƽɱ༭޲ھͳ嵽βʦţдİʦʦ㲻۰
ĸֽֽȡǷĬĬظȻᣬٵȻᡣ

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˵ݺͽ͵У԰δһСѧĩٰ＾˶ᡣ


40 
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ݺͽѧУո˶󣬾¸߸ǵļ໤ˡ
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ĽǣҲΪ˱谮һ
ѾϰˡһǱСֲġ
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ΪӵĵǵְִܾԼҺӵССҪ
Ҳһ
ΪʲôҪܾأ
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ҪԼõһָǵļ໤ǻݺͽڴ顣
˶Ǹܺõ;
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ǽ𣿚Gǰְģְֺۣ
ڱԵº͵ĿһĻ
ԥĻѳİְȥϲˣĬĬԲΪõĲĺ͸ǵͬѧк⣬СֻϵļĬ
֮󣬲קקŵĹβ͡
ְ֣¸СС[]òã
ݺͽҲĬĬ㡣
ڷḻı㵱Сܿʶġ
޷û˵ҳʱ뿪Ҳ׼ע⵽ܵļҳδֹһ㡣
Ϊ˲ǱΪܼҳӣԲһ
κ˵Һӵлîʾ֭þ˰취ԼҺǳųӡ
Сֻں
Ǽ֮ҪκС
ǸҪһԱ㵱ְ֡Ʊϵ۾ߣü
գۡ
ðκСһǳЦúһ۵ĳС[]Ȼסǡ

һߡ
硣
ƽɺͺ꣬βʦֱܱ࣬༭ȥ̸ˡ
ƽɰ㣬βʦTwitterô°
ܱ༭˵仰ʱϻڷ⡣
ϴٴеİѴӡġסϣȫǽβʦTwitter
ĸһûȻȴ˻ȦĴβʦζʲô
ܱ༭ļƵźزˣ̳ĺҪˣҪܵҵǱȥˣ
ܱ༭У
ƽɺͺ͵ؾϹһŬʦ̸ġ
ϻ侲ܱ༭šһࣺýβʦۣ㶮𣿾ԣһڶ ĸӣDDLβʦܽԼDDL˵ͶˣҲǣָ߲࣬βʦϵ֪𣿡 
ǣ
ƽɺͺƵƵͷ
úͱܱ༭ֲϰˡ
Ϊе£ƽɱ༭һ¸߻صĺ
ʦ߸ЧǺܺãҪҪȥݷأʦûкһ㣿
̤ɫԼδϼҵƽɱ༭һ·ص
һᾤҵҵǻǰ·ݸӵһУܻùԵøء
λʦصעʦȴ۵ҵĿԡ
ƽɺͺԼش
·ͷ̳ϣһ㡣
ۣ֮Ҫ취аԼͷңװ۾ƽɱ༭̾˿
ǰߣȻӶ˶١
֡С𣿡
ƽɺͺͷãȻĿԡ
ǱߣһֱֵͨСǰ
ԿСһֵϤĵ̡
ôûʲôӡ󡭡·ǰҲй·𣿵ˣǲ˶ɶ
ˣˡĻؼҵ·͸ˡ
СֹţƽɺͺӣǱȥ


41 
һ̡ܹܶһۿβ·˵ͨС
ĿʮҰˡ
ˮ·棬ûйսǣֱмҲûʲôϰлƵС·ơ
ߵǽеζˣ滹ѰºС桪ְͬʱΪȶߵƽɺͺ껹ΪôԼұʦĸ¶ڤ˼룬û̫עݡ
˼ҲȻûܵһʱ쳣
ǵģ[쳣]
ʮҵСٶ㣬ֻҪӾͨˡ
ƽɺͺһװˡýĳԣһֻҪ2025롣
ǣԶԶֹʱ䡣
ôȻôˣҲʱʶԾˡ
֡
ƽɺͺ껺ͣ½ŲŹİ̲ס˳ԼãȻ˫ۡС
˶ˣô𣿡
ͳֻʱ䣬ŵʮ֡
֪Щʲôƽɺͺ˸ĭٶӡ
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ӡķӡӡ
ô߶߲յ㡣
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ʹصˣһ˵Ϊḻ
ŶʮͷͬʱΪβʦԼʵߵƽɺͺȻеĵ䷶
βʦĵһ ƪС˵21űʼǡ̾ѵһ㣬ʵԡ 
ϸץĹֵλһЩʱϢͶĳдֱʷ黹Ҫ׼·[]һ㡣
ҲΪ̫ʵٰÿƪ·顢ƽջرϲ̸µƽɺͺڲ쳣¼ȻıԼſˡ
ڹ̸ֵġ־С
ܵͨˤһӣͷ£ֵ̿ૣСͷ˲ı
󷽣׵С
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ǱģߵǽôϾɾ͸֪ˣҾȻһȥ˶ʮԵһ·ǰͲڰŲʲôģôͲӵ̤ˣòǴ˵еԪռɣ
Բ裬ҲòĻİС·ġ
ͷҲСƽɱ༭Դ˳ӣΡΡվǿĴͼҵڡ
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ӵ棬ƽɺͺ귢ǽѰдݣǲһġ
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ֽѾˣдֺƬϺӵĴ磬ҲԽԽʱС
֪˶ãƽɺͺڹˡ
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ľսܣͷƽɺͺҲ߲һ·
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ֻе磬Ȼ򲻳ȥڿʼд黹üԣҵøϽдУҪ¸߼˺ͽβʦٸŶʱʮʱ䣬ָĴξ˳ȥˣҲûȥ˵ʬֻܻصʵ
أϣҵļ˲Ҫ̫ѹʦܴҵľõʲôСȻһĴ١
ԸˡزҪ۰ʦ̳ӭһӲװһҪָԭĸƵʡֻҪָ֮һƵʾͿˣϾʦҪչСҲ࡭
ǰǸ³̶ʵ̫ˡ
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༭ֹҲһѺ֡
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ǽ̽ŤԼġ׼·ˡ
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ʮһ룬Ϊͬ¼£òԷӰһ֮֯ողŽ˽Ĵ򹤡
Լг׼ؼϢһûʲô˵С·Ͽһλǽһϰ塣
Ϻ֮֯ԥİɲгؽͣáСܹȥȥ鿴λϰ
û°ɣ
֮֯ҲһЩҽѧʶһʱȥȷԷʶȻԷ״
ججƽɺͺоԼԴҳһš
ϼŵǸѧϢ۾Ѿ֪ˤȥʶԺŬƤһȴôҲ޷ǰ
ǰһɫӰ
ƺиƺ췢ߣŵĺ
Ǻ𣿲Ҳûоζдʲôҩ𣿡
ƺ췢ٵķڴ͹İλãûҵҩܿҲų˾ɼһ㣬һƬ
[ƽɺͺ꣬༭]
ǡϦ̸Ǽ֪¿ġ
֮֯㶣βŻع£ԼעĿٶȷƽɺͺϡ
ҲûˣԲȻǴ119ҸȻ𣿡
۵ƽɺͺꡰ˻ĳ˿Щտյ
ʲôˣ
Ҳڻؼ·ģ
ͷʹƽɺͺھƺ췢ĲǿվܸоԼȫһʹòС
֮֯æѵԶ۾ֻûݸԷ
ƽɱ༭лոհֻĻʱޱ𾪡
ʮһˣ

ʲôˣôСʱ
֮֯ҡͷʾ
һͷˮƽɱ༭Դô벻ȥСʱʲôԼĹİ
ĵľƺ췢ǷǷʾлԳ˵涣ԷҲҪؼҺƽɱ༭ǿٶ̤ϤĻؼ֮·
ֻֽŽڴƽɺͺûע⵽ԼֻǼݶʱ顣
֮֯ûеһʱ䶯վԭأŶԷıӰü

ƺ췢󣺸ոλ󡭡ʲôһ


42 
14֮֯Ĵڡ
̫ˣѵ⣬Ϊɱֻ²㳤ٻԶ֪ܵһܵĳ̶ȡ
ΪɫߣѾԴ
Ͼȥ繤ʱ֮֯Ŀ״ڡ
ȻƵʲߡ
Ҿų϶ģ൱ۣע⣬ŻʶΪͶµӰ
֮֯żҲķǳԡ޷κνڵ͡
ֿԽĲʸҲԽǿ
ʹԼʶ˹ڲŵ£ûܵͨȫ˵ʲôȥƣΨͬΪߵͬűͬ˼
֮֯Լó˽ۡ
ƺֻܹԼԽΣǿĺԽױ߿
ЩĺϲϣϲڲȸְҪ
֣Թ飿ħ
֮֯ҲûʵʽӴֻǱܾǲʲôö
Щݵغһ㶼῿ΪߵԼ
ܻ֮֯Щ˲һЩƺҲ̫ϲӴߡ
˵Դ뿪֮֮֯ѾûмЩˡ
ΥһΣҪ㶰κŻ㱷Ӧ
̫֮֯ȷԼûп
ΪƽոһĺȥĲ̫һ
֪еĲһֱεϣոտǸȻīۡӴ󣬵̶ֻ̳һ벻
Ǵ
ʵλûбԹϣ
˵ѾԹ˱ǣԲŲҪһ·ţ
ֲƬƺƵľ顣

ƽɱ༭ջصԼںϼң˸ĸһΥӵȻƣȥϴ衢صԼ˴ҲȻɾķ
ͷ˯ûõİҹüͨ绰ѡ
˭
յƽɱ༭̽ڴͷһͨԹһͨץԼֻûͰ˽ͨڶߡ
ҵҵĴڽͨ绰Ŭƽ
һشһ򿪴ͷƣȻԼ۾ãƽɣʲô𣿡
[]
绰ͷǾ
ƽɺͺһ飺ã
[]
绰ͷһԺֱӹҶˡ
ʵ˵ϵģֵ绰ʵе졣
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ʲôֵĵ绰磬൱ϤѾܹˡ
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༭μ𾪺ͻңΪΪΪΪʲôʦ绰ʦû취˵𣿻賿롭ص㣡
صǣҸոûΪʲôɣˡ벻༭ͷȻ৵ֻŵĴ򿪶Ž棺֮ȺʦǸGʲô
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˽βʦ⣬öһ⡣
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[βʦ֪ˣû¾ͺã]
[ƽɺͺ꣺ʦ岻ãزҪٰҹˣ]
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󣬱༭ȡʣĶʱţҾҹ˾ڸϽȥѸĸǵֻɾЩζԻ˵ǵݡ

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пؼ̥
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î׾ٵԾ˸߿գһ˼⣬һӿֱ߾ǰԼסլ̫ԶС·

ͬһʱ䣬δһ
ͷһߵĵһڹװ衣
վĳ˼ҵſڣŴ󿪵ķźشʹŵķޣȻ뿪ԭء
--------------------
лҪ˵
̥ϰԺͰӲԹж衣
䣺ͽܣڲ2009أԻ塣


43 
ǸۿڳУͨݣڹȥܳһʱ䶼Ļ֮ء
ڰһյĴСڵ֯е״£ߵ˽رأҲһϵ˲ݵס*1
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ȥϰصʧٰһ־˿ء
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˵ǡǡȻ෴ǿǺֵ
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ȻѪȣûʧȥǡһֽһӴ֯쵱ȻĿǳ鲻ܡ
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ƽɺͺ괩ŴߵĻɫףΡΡһλͥ
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оһԵĵص㣬ɺϺƽɺͺͬһλá

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Լֻ飬ֽŷ·׹߰
ŵ뵽ֲϰʱҲƵƵ񣬶ŵĻУԹûаչ
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ƽɺֹۣҲǿ󣬸㹻ʱ䣬Լܹڹ
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Էڵ[]ɼִ̧ڳϸĹǴ̣֮󳹵ĥǡ
îһ鳣˿ġĹڶԷϡ
îȷǸ̥᲻ǱĨȥδȫȷ֮ǰϸ緢˳Էȫϡ
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Ϊͨ˵ƽɺͺ״̬¿顣
ȻҲ֪ԼѾǡ
جج°࣬վڼſڵΪɡ
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44 
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46 
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ٶеǿ֢ԱҪϾͿɼһˡ
Ա˵ϾȦ쵽ΣʹԼƾ¿ʿˮƽҪһЩɫרҵԱݲѡ
õרҵԱԸʺԭɫȻ෴ҲܹڡϷ󳹵׵ת˭˭ԼɫýɫǨ
ñֽȦNo.1ԷǰʱһϷڿ֮ǰǰϷھڴͷβԽɫĴԸжҲĬԱݸ֪飬֮ǰλNo.1ûϳʵݡ
ʱв֪˶һ
רҵԱھĥͨݼ顭СӾͲˡ
¿ҪҵĻôһС
εĺ̫СݼҲ㣬΢һϷݾݲˣֻܹǱԸ֡
籾ִĽɫǻȽϺ˵ǰƽʱݾСƫƫǣǵľ籾ǽǰĴʱ䣬ϰ߽Ȼͬ
ͯǻǳгСԱ¿£ܶ˼ʮϰٸ𶼲⣬ûǷȱһ㾫衣ŷʮ·ݲſģʱᣬϴպϡ
¿ʿͷ۵ԭķȥĿ顣
ۼʮ·ݿʱ佫ٳûжһɫͶʷҲòС
¿ʿҲʶԼľڡ
籾԰ǧдʵ̫ˡ
ǸС󶼼ûĺúӣ谮ȴݣȴ裬֪³ַֹĵϴˡ
ΪġֻҪСԱСı¶һ˿΢ͽɫԸ񲻷Сᱻ޵ķŴ󡢳Ϊͻȱݡ
ҸܱɫݰǧĺӰ
ʵ˵¿ԼѶ̫ĵѾ޿κεʵڲоǿպϵĴˡͨڼһ»档
үǾġ
ż洨¿ʿ۲ãԽԽöԷһһһһЦ갢ǧΪƥ䣬ơôõһʱǰΪ˷ܵı֡ٵǿͼԷһ˵ߵĿɾֹ⺢ӵֳ˷ӻ̬߱ͯ񱡣
ûβڽ洨󱣻ֳǸԭҲٺ췢Сһ߷ɡ
Իᱻ߷ɵģ
һˮضˣ
亹Ȼ֪ԭҲѾ¿ʿͫ׵ͷһؼԭΪǡд˵ߵⷶΧĳŵĻӲ
ŤͷܼѵĻ񣬿˵˵Ľѽ洨˵Ķ
洨̫׬ǮλչĸḺˡ
קקǰλԼޱȾ۾¿ݵҲ磬˸ԲȻĿڴ
˵Ҳ磬ԡ
ԳƣԭҲʱûˡ
ú
¿սӴƶߣȥ˾˵ǰ
¿ݳĬĿˡ
ҲûٵĽ洨֮鴩ſĳź۾ޱĿŶԷ
ԭҲ⡢ʶ硣
ʲôϷȥǾͰνĵݴ洨֮ǰˡ
洨֮ǿұȽ϶ʡҲȽϻῴ˵һ
Ǳ¶ļ˱ƵԽ
֮Ҳƽĺ¿ݽ
֮ڴΪѴӦǰǶԷҪǵҪ
ȥԺҲҪ⣬ʱҲҪȥԹۡ
ûʲô˻ԸһССֻҲҪİ˼໤ֻҪ˴˾㹻ˡ
¿ݱѵˡ
⼸ôûΪǩֲзЧӦ±ǵķ˾С
ûм໤˵Ļͬǩˡ
洨Ϸݲ಻٣Ⱥݷ룬δ꣬˱߷ɳУȻһ־ٱһ鷳ο⺢ӵĺܺãݻСǧָ˵ע⡣
ûûͬվǸա
ɶԷȥԺҲҪΪƶ߻ǹ¶Ĺϵʵ֤ô

ƽɱ༭Ҳѵˡ
ǻʵĺˣ֪ص
ʵ˵û뵽¿ݻῴһƶߵС
ڮ٣ֻǺƶλ總Ǳ߿ҡڵ֯ĵ֮һ
ֵطƶСǹ¶඼򵥡ݱ˵Ǳ߼ÿ춼ˣвСһֹ¶СС;ͷɱˣܶ඼Ϊڵ֯һԱ
ȫָޱȡ
ǵùӶƽɱ༭ȻҲΪǩͬǩͬȽϺá
ֻʦͬİǧƶߵС
û
Ŭ˵ԼҪ¿ݵ۹⣬ƽɺͺҲôȽϺá
ǿиҸԺ𣿱ƶߣӦǰ԰סĸԺ𣿡
[˵㲻š]

[֪ǸߵĶд˵]
֪ȫ˵ΪʢС
[ҿеǸŮӵλֳߡûЦģ]
ִ˵ƽɺͺĬˡ
вˣ
[вɣǸͷβǰɫСĺףҶҪΪұҰ޶ˡ]
ƽɱ༭ʱͷۡ
ҸҲûðӦúϵ𣿡
[˾ͬǺӣ˵ƶ߳ĺֲɾ˵Ͳʲôû˼ǵȥûʲô£һ˰ǳӰӰС]
[ɺӲ꣬ǶûΪͶ˸񰡣ǡˣҾͲˣ֮˵ûҪðգǿҪһˡ]
ô죿
[Ҳ뻻ˣҴǺӵԾӰ񷢸㣬תβʦ֪βʦСǧԱҾûбʺϵˡ]
¿ֻɴĻش[ҵĹȷʵ׬ǮҲǷϲ£Ҳ𾴽βʦ룬нβʦƼŵĻ˵˾Ըͷˡ˾ĻӦܰæ⡣]

ѧȥˣڸȻյ˱༭Ϣ
ǰȻ
îʵֱдƼŹȥ
ϹŶûô࣬Ѿ˽λ¿ݵĳɾͣԷרҵģȻԷΪǸĺû⣬æҲûʲô
οɫǸƶ߳ĺ˵ǹһıĻᡣ
ÿ˶Ҫᡣ
îԥĻصԼ䣬ڲǿҳһոµŸֽ
ӰȻѾ˹һҲûʲôϵ
îؼһдһߵȡд֮ƵҲغˡ

̲סգգۣʱʮ㱺ٶȼ˵ġǧ
Ѿ̫ǵõֻдҴҼŮĳˣ̵ҲֻжԷǶصʺ;Ӱ
ƵǸŮ̫С֮⡭ʺ񶼺ǸձĴ
ǽ洨
磬ȻôƵ˰
Ծɺû¼
Ƶڼ
ǸŮ֮ͽŵȴУõݵϿɺϲЦտܵλֳߡ
кƽɱ༭ᵽߣ
îСһĻ棬עһк顣
˵ԡ

硣
îĳȥš
һдһƼţһǸ¿ݵġ
Ȼƽɱ༭ǣƽɱ༭
¿Ƿֽ
һǸ洨һҵġý˿ڡ
Ψһһȥĸʶ֡ǿµĽ洨֮ɵĽ˿ƺλΪʲôҪдš
ݺֻ̣ܶһ֡
[ˣǿԿȥϵλֻҪǮæǵ⡣]
Ǻ׼Ƽîġһλн˵ϵ绰
ԷþǵһҰݺͽαݵˡ
¿˵βʦǰС渶˹ʣתֽǡ˵õţʦдʲôǿС𣿡
ƶ߳Сֻһۡ
ҡͷܾش
֮
˳ϵϺн顣
֮˼ţǮöԷһڵļ໤ˣ˵д档
ڼ໤ǩ֡
ɽ洨֮ñʼѵϰٱαġ
δݵĺͬҲǩ

ǰزʶС渶˹ʵͥԺֽżβһ鲢ã޼ԺﻨҶԼӲݡ
һЩҪڵĻ仹ժСĵıƯĻͽ͵ġ
îƺżĳȥĺ
ΪʲôҪæ
ΪֻǾ֮Ͷѡ
־֮͵î˵Ҫ룬Ȼôˡ
ǰԼΪ[]ĺƤ׷飬ʼնıʺǰһδı
î׬Ǯ١
ϼӡĳԴԴϵ룬ӰӰȨǮѾˣڵî˵ǸСдĸԣ顣
ҵîֱӰƶСŪҲѣûô
Ϊƶ߳ĺ;Զܸߵĺ˵ܼǮһʹزǽܡ
[ȥԺҲҪ]
Ѿ׼֮ǸƵҲ͸¶һ
ӽΪźͲɫƶ߳ĺҲ֤ǵ
ԣ̶ֳȵİѾǡôˡ
--------------------
лҪ˵
îҲ˵Ӧδʦ
дҲ˵îôʫƺ·_(:١)_롣


47 
ĴС˵һ
¾۹ȻҪҵҵĹȣ衢硢СеȸӾҪҲռӰеǰţּȱһɣǧǧӱ
î˽г״󣨶ƽɱ༭Ϊ˴î뷨ռ΢΢ϢһԵ̬ʽһͥճСȻͬ
Ѿˣں˶ԪԪıʷǳи˷ڹԼбΡȻ˾ȴڵһ ͱ²ˡ
죺͹¶ܰܰǡǸְ֣˹ܲܲҪŰͺͷ
˵İͺͷʵǡ´ͷ
ֻǰൽͷͷȫ⣬ʹͷƤ¶ʰεձʱͳ͡
ڽʱĻĩڵı»ʱϢġǲۡ
ٲִ˱쿪ѧ׼
ʧȥʱǵҪܣɷӵϹŶ黹ǹڱˡ
ζ޷Ѱͺͷǵ˹
ǱڽîɵҪ͡
ͲʱԼรҪԶŴ󡢷ŴٷŴ󣡡
ȻֲܶʶøĲ˲ССһֻ઺˼ſֱۺʮָ˽ż⣬ǳıȻһϴԲ
һİڳרҵСģЦֲִãȮҹ棬˿ͽҪʱס˵ְķ;ͺܺÿرر޻ǣͽ˵ְְͷʱر˧ร
ķͣ
î˿Լͷûдŵİ׷
ףķɫƫ˵ûʲôɫʡ
ͷɫһġ
ڵĺƤ׷ͺ͹ǽǹβһǱ[̬]Ľ̬㲻ʲôܱǰͻˡ
ǰĺ׼îӵеǼ̳ĸ׵İ׷ڳ
ʵǺĸײһ΢Ȼɻ̣һѡ
ǰîʦжʱ򣬾ͻɸβҼ֪İͷɵͷ˵îʱᱣԭ򣬾ͺĸϲͷйء
îԼԼ˲˼
رó쿪ԴӲ֪װ˶ӵĲȻҪʮǰ̶ֻ̲˼ϹŶԶ
Ը񡭡ԸͻУ˵ƽʱڵĲһȴûд˵ظУƢϲ졭
îһһ㶵ġ
಻̫ǿгҪȡȷҪ˹һޱ̵
;ĳͻ𡭡⵹Ǹͻƿڡ
ڵϣó»ֽʦ뽲һ㡭
ʦĹ䶼Ҫˣ
ǣڲʦָ£îǸԭ´ͷ˹跢˺ܴı仯
ȥὭʱ⣬îղŤŤͿѻɫ糣ĸ˸˸ġ۹̷ɫöΪԸӦҺɫ
Ը趨Ҳ˷츲صı仯鲻أǺͷһⲻһûƵĺͷҲɿ壬֯ڵϣ¶š
κҵĻݺͽҲ˽ǿîĵһ滭壬ͲһڴߡһĿھڿĬԴһĿѸٳ͵
ٶȾˣ嶯
һĿһһĽî׼۱˹ƽ

ԡɽٹҹͼ˰ٱᡷȸֵĴ˵Ϊ硣
Уԭ鲻£˼С
紨Ǹ⡢ײϲĳˡ
һֻֻѪ
Ϊˣ紨ƽʱ˽ʱǧ¶ȫرϴֻԽǿ٣ȴô
Ҳٲżÿ춼ڣޱȵյǳδ͸¶˹ȥʱ紨һŵ̬һҾƹݵƹүӳܵĻǳ
ݼɺЦΪ־Ƹúȶ˰졣
˹׳һŹӵƢ𱬡ɹͷܺ˺ȾƲȭӴܳ죬ܺΥ͸е뺢ȺְǮȥĶܳΪصְȫǻǧϲ
ȻСС·ʲôҲϲ˵
һһӽ״紨ۡ
紨ҹһߵ˴ŵĵص㣬챻˳ΪҵҹЦԼ֯Ƶʵʵ̫Ϊչֳ˿ƻ䶷档
˹Ը紨ÿһѸ⡢Сӵ̬ṹȫ𿼾Ҳɾûаҡ
͹ƾ䶷⻭Ϻˡ
ԭʼֱӵѧ𺳡
˧ǿ󡢻

î̫ó룬ΪԸȽĹϵԴһ㶼Ҫȡġ
ñ˹紨Ըîڲڤ˼룬ѡ֮ӽġʱĺ׼ɵԸΪοģ塣
ɣ
ʱĺ׼ɻôŵӡ
ֻڵĻͷûʱĲˡ
գî޸ĺõĻٶø˺ǿЩĵʣ᲻̫ʵˣ
ϲĲˣҡͷڷ
ֽĹӼװۡııѧ紨ģ衣
δĻݸȺưѧĲͷĵԼǽɡ
һ͵ֱӴֱľʲεסθڰɣְֵľֻҪ˳չںǳ飬Ҿû⡣ݸ˹ԵĻش
ΪԻ̲סͲ䣺˵һѾǺϸ˰ɣ
õԼСһǵϿɣîڲˡ
ѵһԼϡ
β
á
Ǳ»ƵϣҵŮǺͶӶ˺ҪұĽ顣ұˣҿɰĺƺ˼룬ϵķλ
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һʱ԰Ұֿ˻
ƽɱ༭ĵ绰৵ľʹ˹îɵĹҶϴ㷢ţִ˹
˽ͨ
[ʦ֪㲻˵ûϵģ˵ͺˣ]ƽɱ༭޳ˣȻҲˌ»˶ػ
û뵽ôá
Σб
ܱ༭Ѿcallʮˡ
ƽɱ༭ŵĲУɥֻѻ췢ӵ˼¡
û廰î
îĬĬҶ˵绰Ȼ˶Żȥ
[βʦһһĲĸ巢ģ벻ҪģûздĴ㡣]
ϾûȻѾȶѧҵҪ
Ϊ˰ߣîڷ˻˳ѼƪûⷢͯĸҲһɨ跢˳ȥ
Ǵд塣
ٶ̫îûڵٴһ뷨Ծɨǡ
շȥûã̳ٶȷ֮鷨ˡ
#βʦּ#
һּƯ֣һ ڴ֮ͥ¡

һԲըîûע⡣
żд˺üµĸƽɱ༭ǰסˌ顣
أ粻ڿˡ
îʦдһٷǣȻֱӽС21űʼǡڶ ĳ档 
îյһ·ݵָDDL
ڻʮ·ݣúܡ
î
ΪµDDLСȻҪ
ٻµʽ
һȺֱӰԺҶѩӡ


48 
ڻݵʽ[ʮӰ]Ժҵ洫ʽ
һܹʮʽ
ÿ[Ӱ]̳ԾʽʼӵȮΪʼʽÿٻһʽ񣬶[ʽ]ʽſΪʽʹá
ֻʽʹ˵ȥУṩκΰʽἴʧܡ
[ʽ]еʽȥʽֱ׵ġܡͨõĵֶΡ
ʽԸĲͬһʽĵҪҲһ
ЩƢº˵ʽҪܵͣûʲôҲûʲô
˶ʽ˵ȻҲʹǳǵԸĻҲԱսֱȡʽϿɡ*1
ñ˳ǡ

î[ʮӰ]һ˽⣬ࡣ
Ͼ[׼]îǴ֮ǰĵλ㲻ö⣬ԶԶ޷[]Ტۡ
֮ǧ꣬Ա˴洫ʽʹЧ˽ⲻ֣ⲻζһʦ嶼ӵ鱨ֲɵԵ޹ʰԼ洫ʽģȻΪƾʷҲȫȫ洫ʽ鱨ؾˡ
îǴһûе洫ʽ̳ˣעĲ࣬[ʮӰ]ӡҲֻڼҪµ鱨ѡ
ԼֻǵʽȮwߡãдδ˵ɹǿʽ񡪡Ӱʹࡢ࣬ʽ֡
ݻ̫Сˣꡣ
ûҪھͿʼʽ񣬶帺̫˵вСķաߣʽСҲûء
îڰԼ֪Ӱ鱨ϸϸĬд˳ԼҺӺ󣬾͵һʱĶԷȷ֮ǰԲ㳢ӰҪԵĻҲͬ¡
һô˵ˣ;Լȥðա
ֱ죬ǰ
ͽʹӻ̽ͷڴĿŴˣվǰͷĻԴ˵ԼҪԵã໤ɡ
Ǵ翪ʼһֱܺݵʽˡ
ڸԼ֮󣬾ԼԳԵá
ʮʽûзյʽ
ͨӼûҲûйֻռơȻж٣ûۼîͻݶ̫׼ҵ鱨ҲֻˡͨôС޹ԣɹۡݡ
ȻûʲôԣСͨơ
Լţî͸Լ˸[]ͷͬˡ
Ȼ
ݰٻһ˲䣬ʽʹ˶Ĭˡ
һֻһֻӻݵӰǰ׻ĺһӿ
ұӺûˣСԺ˲ѩһƬ˵һĿҲӣͥԺǧڶӱıܽȥ
îĬĿŽһżƵӣȻԺ׼ҵ鱨ôʲ˻ɡ
ɹۡ
δ̫ˡ
ޱȼС˹Ǵ̵βͽë׵ǲ
վ˶䣬һ޹ͷȻŤͷ߱Q
ͷཱུӰռķڻûӺͬʱǱ߼
Сóܵʱ齩Ӳ𾪣һҶ
෴ͽ˷ܵ΢죬һ˱һֻཱུӲ֡
ְ֣֡ǲȥŤͷƵ˵
ʽûɹǲî̹۲һᣬȷû쳣Էشþʽʧ֮ǰǴŶȥɡ
˫ֱһֻӣֻһᡣ
СһԥĿ˿£ܾǰӻȫӰƺкöû
ֻѡһͬԼδˡ
޾úˡ
ڻЩ֪룬ɰͰͿڣҪôأ𣿿ǡûбİ취
ǹԹһʽʹߣëůģָоˣҲɰľˡ
ҪЩӣϲĻʵе²ȥ֡
ǸҲ
îûйֻǳɵĻشΪʽʹӦúиӦȥӦ֪Ҫʲô
ʵҪģװ״ս⡣
ǵĻ
ݴ˳۽ޣͷǵ
ССʽʹཱུİӵԴ
ò˲ġ
ݸӵ۾ҲЩ΢΢졣
ĵĶ˳ë
îΪ˲Ӱʽ߹ȥѲͽͱߡһԵϣĵԹŻݵĵ̡
ҲҪӣӣĲС
ڻСîͷĵĵһ¡
ӹĳȲŬȥȻһ̧־ͰĹβקš

ǲں˵ʵ
ǿȻǺ£ܵĻҲԹԳǵ˵Ͽɵı׼Ļ
ֻҪһᰮǡС˶ѡ
[ʮӰ]ÿֻʽǶһ޶
ƻͲ桢ҲҲزˡ
ʽʽ̳Уһֻȴߡ
ûйûơֻó˹ȥܺҰ۷ֶεǣڴһܹĸԸˡ
ĻСӾӵǱƻҲηˡ

õļʱȡȮڶʱڳΪ˱ҵ»
ɹ󣬼Ｘÿ춼ֻּӡ
Ӵ˵ٻĵ٣ʮֻûȮࡣ
ͽ͸·ֺɣë׵ʥϵڲϣȻ󱻷ཱུӿɰУ·˵·˵ǽӲϣǡôһɫСǡ
ɰ
豧ǽӲ䣺ݸ磬ܹȡ𣿡
ͷǳúܼǵס𣿡
ԵģȻǽþ𣬡ͽѩ̫ͽֻѩɣְֻֻѩɡ
Цȥǲѩһɣ
ԴٺɵЦ
ûʲôΣеαƽϲСߡ
ż׽ԲأΪʽһǻ۵Ҳͷ˼ȻѧŲ
˵îͷ档
ѩױɫӲڰͷ£޷졣ǻֽ֪Ͳõקîͷ׹ţ±îҲû¡
ĬԵî˵ˣô۵С۵ĬĬò³ױѡ
ͷİ׷սӣһֻֻȻ߰˾ʮֻ
һԴཱུë
î΢̵ͷ챻קֱˣÿ飬Ҫѷ⡣
СֻЦ̵ļѡ
൱Ƣ㲻⡣
żιһҶӡ
ڱߵ³ԱΨһľֻйǡ
ֻһһ׵ȮίؽУβͶǰѴԴݻﹰ׷űҵ
Ȯ2ң
ȻṥͬΪʽãȴִİһ·ͥԺQãĵ䵽ݵϺȻŻܻȥ衣
Ȯ*2ġ
ˡ谮޿ֵĹǲñҵСΨһĴ˶൱Ρ
һĿںϾá
ֱȮȷԼĵλûʧǲŷеԣٶȿֵĳΪɵӡ
ѾΪǵһԺͻõĲһˣ
--------------------
лҪ˵
ʥ֣
пʼˣףλеСʹ˳ϰѽ
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49 
2009ʮ·ݡ
ﰢǧʽʼ㡣
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ĵصǳǺϣͲ[źͷĴæµ̧ȥƵĵĴԴ]һ档
ڶʮ·ݣþΪһ㡣
ʮ＾ĳڡ
ȹһʱ䣬ԼʮѮҵʱ򣬾ֳܳһȻķռ棬ʱͿԲ˸ոյִʱľͷˡ
ȻûƹǸȴʬǡרżɽ񡱵ĶߣԵӰӳǽвͨںϳɡϾ籾漰һ쳡ҪЧӰӳҲȷһЩ
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ڶѾǰ߲һЩװ͵ҲѾǰ׼á˹Աִ֮󣬾ͿԵһʱ俪
һֻϢȷպ󡭡Ưɡ
ոմӾĳݳ갢ǧŮϾӱۣǳǳЦ̾һ䡣
·Աڻصǰ΢һ¾籾Ĳп֪֡ΪʲôѾûˡ

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ÿʶݼͻױĵݣԲỳ⺢ӵʵ
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һ ֵϷͿϢԷˣŵǴ˵ľͷ 
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糤ҪҪҲ뵽һ֮Ҳʵ̫ϷˣھͷµıǳӲԲз
糤ֻźķ
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ԼҲиŮ˶Ժرº͵糤ڵ
ҶѾźˡİɣ˶룬Ҫѧѣ12ſѧѧһǡĹҲеţռѧϰʱ䡣
⣬پ׬ǮˣȥѧǣҪıԼδҪ̫ѹĻǽݾ

2010415գﰢǧʽӳ
ӳ죬ӰԺƱͳƵִ3.2Ԫͬλȶ
ӳ죬δ
ΪԭߵîյĸӰƱʮš
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Ϊģӳʱ仹ϣкҪչˣûա
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[ƽɱ༭ԵǲѧףรպҲⲿƬƱǡţھ͸͹ȥȻʦڲ㣬ҿͶעվͺá]
2010꿪ѧ412գҲǵӰӳǰգ˳Сѧһ꼶͸ͬһѧУ
ƽɱ༭æġ
λ༭ƺǳĽӹ˱ҺҪ˳飬ʱҪîԼᣬԼͻ[ʦţ費Ҫȥأ]ЩҪî档
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ƽɺͺʲôû˵îЩɲ
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Ϊԭٴǳȥ棬ջڼҹġ
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50 

΢ҲεһƬֻмƶĵ׺档
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Ƥ׷ĸߴ顢ͺͻλһ¥Եϡ
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ĬԵͷ߸ͳȻ֪ʽ񣬵îÿȥʱȻ鲻ԽıһĶվڶߵĻܱϣع뿪󣬹ѾĳˡҪĶ
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ﰢǧԵĵӰȻ˵ǾƬʵϲûʲôʵԵıѪڣΪ黹ǴһƬΣԱΪPG12
PG1212µδ꽨ҳͬйۿĵӰ׼
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˵ʱΧĵӰԺƺҲûôϸҵ
вС͵͵ǮƱȥЩR15+ ѪȱڵӰҲ˳ˡƺֻҪҧԼ䡢̫ףƱԱҲͲ˿͵ʵʱֻҪȺһߣƱԱҲĹע

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LMEҴҵ󣬹˾вٵϢҿԸ졪ÿѪҲһĿCOSPLAYͿСϢҲǼ򵥵¡
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죬ͯǳ˳ûйλֳȥˡ
ǴҪȥ֧һĵһ ӰȻϷݲ࣬ͲסҪõĳɫ֡ 
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51 
ӰʮӺ󿪳
ƱӿϢרֱ׻ר
Сº͸ȹźΧĲԸµȥСԡżڹ̨أǮݸԱС㣬ĴͰ׻ı֡
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СθȴСǳܳԵĲ
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ΪںأҲж裺İ¸ʶ


52 
磡Ҳ磬һ㣬ҪƱˡ
ƱӰһʱ䣬֮Ҳûеһʱ䵽ӰϢڵȴȵһȦһСԵӣȻٲȵ
ӰڽСڣ֮ɨһǰĶ飬סԼãһ£Ҫô
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ȥ̫ʣһԷ޻һλʹһĵȻڶԷ桢װһġ
ϾPG12ĵӰͯڸĸͬܽ룬СֻǻˮģȻȫĲչ˳˳Ŀ֮ǰȻǲҪ̫
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ҪǡԼҲ뿴ڵӰı֡
¿˵СӲʺϿԲƱˣӳΪҪѧƱҲգξԲٴˣ
Ľ洨֮ƽʱޱһԳʱ൱׶񡢿ܲദʵϡͯװģغĵӾ硢ӰʹλССֳ˴
˵ٽĳӰԺ֮϶õ̫ࡣ
ΪٽĳҲǺڵۼĵͬ裬ϴڵ֯ûеߣֻҪ㹻ֻǸδСҲһڡ£ֻҪС΢ֵġڵһ㣬Ƭ̼ҺͷԱͻΪ˲鷳ձһֻ۱һֻۡ
δͽȻͬˡ
䲻֪ԭ򡢵ȷǺΰõ
һһˣĹԱ΢һҲ޷⡣
ȥˡҲϰ߰ⷽС֮ڵ뷨Ȼ˸ı䡣
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洨֮飺ͺȫ˶ŵʧˡ
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վڶб󷽵֮һţһͼѰҺʵġĿꡱ
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֮ۼֿקקԼˣһС·ĬĬϷ
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ձʷƾõﰧĻζʱĵĵԷΧȻ
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ͺͻݴͷǰߣȰѿյı׻ͰͿֱͰǲѵĻͷһ۲裬ҲͬⲿӰĸǺϸһĬ˰յС
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ո꼶ĽͰһλ
һͷǳٺ췢۾ƯɫԸҲܿʣѧ̶һܾͺͲ˴һƬ
Է֣ǡþԭҲ


53 
ѧԭҲ˵Ǽǳʹ顣
˵ᡭҪһĻܻôһ㲻ϲ
Ϊʵ
ڱLME糤һĿչѧϰҪԣǼһһǷıƲúѧϰҪһ¶ܵܲġԣųְģԭҲ¶СѧαһջǹԹɵİĽİ鼮ġ
ȱʶԭҲʵ˵ӦôСѧһ꼶ʼϵǸ
Ϣ̫ѧУôĺһ꼶ΪҲʵ̫ȱʶͻ֪ʶΪѵıŴСѧ꼶ʼ
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ѧУ˵һ꼶֪ʶܿܲ
ѾһܿεԭҲ˱ֻɣĲûΪʲô˵ôɣ
ҲʹߣҪҲʶְȫʶ֣
濴ȥֻ꣬ʵϣ԰ʱھѾʼˣֻСһ꼶ͷѡ
ԭҲͬͬѧȣʵµѧϰҪ϶öࡣ
ڵҲֻڿãʦΣؼٸ֮ѧϰʮͼͻӼ
ڳ˳ڵ֮ҲᣬҲֻԼġ
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ϾǲҿѧŹһܣʱ仹˶졣
ٻǽӴġ
Ϊǰΰ೤ѧ죬ǌһһѰίܸҲġ
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Сһţ
Ҳûô㽵ĳɶ࿴˼ۡ
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˳ҲٶȼλҲġ

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¶޹Ե顣
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ǰҲͷҪĶ©ˣԻá
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ҲҵҲվſڿʲôҲ
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֮˲ʧɫԥɿ֣ʾñȻ龯費ֵǵĳҲǱȥ
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ԭҲͽ洨֮ΪͬǾѾȷһ㡣
ֻҲģ֮ʶʼֻܹССĺӰˡ
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ҲǰһšӰǽ洨ӡмŨɲһ
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˵ô˰֮죬װͰ͵С˵㲻ܿĺ𣿡

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Ҳһ㶣֪Ŀһң۾ͣ˴Ŷñıϡ

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ΪʲôӲ˯ͷ
ǡһ˯
ɵŤͷڲԼе㺦¡
۾̲ס𽫰ǧϻεĿ´
̫ǿĽǲǻ᲻Ծ뵽ǧӽǡ
¡
Դ
˼һ£ܿͲµɣûԥӦһ
ҲĻݺͽ״îһͬʵѯʣҪҪҲ˯أ
µĻݺͽԴգۡ
ȻͬҪ
 007Ƶټûиɻ
æԼֻСͷǵùȻ˰Լû˯Ĵϡ
һһҽŴֱ۵ǻݺͽͣîһֻ衣
ҹ
˯Ĳ˲棬ſڴŻ˺ü˯ˣѹסһֻ첲Ψ˯˹һѹîͷ
Сһһҹߡ

ѵԸϢһҹû˯
Ϊ˯̫ˡ
Ϊ˲ߵݺͽͣîòýʣµһֻƶŵ㡣
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54 
м໤˱ܹɷµǵĻǣҲ洨С㵹ҪӰԺż¡
׸ƽҲ֮顣
Ͼǵ[Ӱ]ʵ̫ɲһ㡣
֮ʼ޷˵Լ¾衣
ڵ֪ԷСǶһСѧ֮߼Ľ뵽ԷӵΣյִڣؼ飩Ȼûе⣬ȻǺǼ˱һ롢ǣ̫ȽϺá
ȻҲҪ
֮Ϊ״̬ǻ档
ǡúͽͬһ༶ԭҲ֮鵥һ涣¡
GܿͣΪʲô
ԭҲûת䣬ãȻͷŽ洨֮ģκŻȻ
ΪûҪô֮顣
ٷ۵ĺô˵ţõЦݡ
ܺõ̧֣ȻѸԼҵͬˡҲȫ֮鲻̫ԸĳǵһѶԷԴ
оԼҵֳλаοܵԾҲ¶ԼǶԼġϢСɻɣ㿴Ҷûš
һͷë֮ޱ飬ۿߣ
Ҳգۣ΢ջ֣װԷĿ
Ȼĳ⣬ָָ̧ԼƯ۾ҲԹľûҪš֮飬֪ܺĿЩԣǷľλǻˡ
һλǳϢ[]
˵[]ԷķǳǳˣһΪຢӵ[]
һǺܳɫĸװɣ
Ҳ롣
Ϊǲĺλ[]ʱʶ¶Ķ飬ҸĺӲŻӵеģ
ֳиĸԷЦСֱ̳ܹ׳֡͸ĸҪߵĺӡ
ΪţԿȻ޼ɵ
ôߴǿ׳[]СıĺӣΪŵ֮е䱧ǸֿܾɰͷķС
ԭҲ޷Ҳ̫Ը⽫Է롣
ֹ۵˵ԼĿ
֮⣬ΪҲͬѾǸѧУѧϰܾˣҲζҲǺദġ
ûгκŶҲ˵ţˬʵſ֣ƣûУ꼶ӵкܸߵǷǳ˵Ը񣬸ѧʱ򣬾ܺĵĻ˴μʱҽѧУ
ԣҲ̫Ϊ[]ɾԶһҡ
ദɣϵܹΪ̸ѣϲĻҲǿҪôԴţ񵱳¿Լ糤ǳμһ֮飬¾ȥԽӴˣǺܻܿҪ¡
洨֮죬Ҳ
Ϊѵ˷Ļ
ԭҲڳɳ
ȥȱʶҪ֮һ̵淽ʽ¶Ѿ֪úܳɫˡ
ǳŬΪһ[]ҲѾʼֳȽ洨֮ҪʺϳΪ쵼ߵĶʡ

洨֮ԭҲ˵
Լ¶ĺͱҵ˱־롣
Ȼ
뷨ܺãܶࡣ
һѧݿμ䡣
һСĲǳ֮İ༶ڴһԱ㵱
洨Щܳʶһ֮飬ûеõֳķӦ֮Ҳסˣ֪ô죩˳Լ뷨ܸ˵Ľ롣
һȥĲΪѡ
һȥͱ㵱һϷżԼż
ֹ֮
Ȼ
ԭҲͬǳĺͽͳΪѡ
ŵһѧֵգΪ˫ͥеĳֺͳ㣬˵ĻĲ١
Լҵܵã˵ݴҲ[ô֮¾轻]һ·ͷ[ǰҲܾͬ˽ںúܶ]ľ̸֮
лóԭҲʳס¼ҵл̸
ϣյһ飬ճɫĳҲͳͱ˴˽˵ĵãνǸԴո¿ζĵģֵȥͶιԼĵܵá
洨֮飺
ǲǽѽ̫һ㰡
һ¹ȥˡ
洨֮űΪϰΪ
ûܣǳö޺
ûܣȷʵܺá޺
֮黺˾衣

洨֮ĪͱϤ
ΪС˵
˽Ҳͬ˽ѣ˾ΪҲ컰⣩֮ĳĩšȥһڵѧ־ʱ˰æ˳ȥĻݡ
ǺͬѧҴ徫Լһһڵġǡġ¹¡
ΪԷӵĻȻǰʸ壬Ҫһղزͻ˳Ҵ롣
첻ɡ
Ϊ21űʼǡֹͣܿǡء¡ǡ½һصĹϵҲӦļ־ӡˢ
ֱһʱڣ߽βٶȿ¹£ѶĽβʦʵյϢĵһʱͷ׷򡶷ǡǡʱָԭ۷ڡ
Ȼȴûܵһʱ۷ڵӡˢͨ־Զڹ˿͵
ԡ
ǰִ꣬Ҵȥ־ܱʱֵֻʣһǡˡ
һҲãԺҴһ鿴
ôţݳȥ
Ȼһ
ǡһĽ洨֮ˡ
Դӿˡ21űʼǡһ ¿͵ġβ֮ͯĬĬС˵ 
ڡǡϡβʦֵĵһۣ洨֮û˿ԥĴǰ
õ֮ޱŤͷԵˡ
Ȼ˶١
֮Щĺͻ
Ҳסˡ
ȻǵöԷ
ǡôʱͻԼüҴ徫Ҳˡ
΢ĺĳ˹ݵӰĺ˶ԷһûеõӦҴ˹ȥڿȱһ־ܺͽ洨֮ʣµһ־󣬺ܿʶʲô
ˡ
΢кЩʧ䣬֮һ룬Цº͵Ĵ˳Ĭ
Ҵ徫Ҫ֮˵Ըƽ̯ķãȻ֮飬ֻϣԷȽͻݿһ¡
ҺͻȲҪβʦ¹¡ֻҪһƪͿˣʣµĹ£һȲ
洨֮飺
û롢ڿǮƶµĴ֮鷢Լ޷ܾ顣
ʡһһ㡣
ڼƶϲĽ洨֮Ĭ󻺻ͷ
Ҳƽ̯ķãÿֻ֮һļ۸

Ҵ·˵һСĻˡ
ݺҴһƷ֮ûҪֻĬĬ־ϰװ
βʦʵСΪС˵Ĺϵ˴֮İұһ
Ȼƶ߳˵ؼĽ洨֮鱻ҴܻҲú棬֮Ĺ۵ĵ׻ŵĹǡ
СһһŸ롣
ҴΪС˵Ϊһ֮ҲǰϤ


55 
ޱƽճһȥ
֪ΪݺҴ徫С齻С顱һԱ˳µݱΪУһͱ㵱ĩһԼ˹ϵ洨֮ĳһջȻ״󣬲ɳĬĽ̷ʡ
ޱͺĵԼôǡ־롱ıĵġ
֮飺
ССġĽ洨֮Դͱһš
֪
ȫ벻ͨ
عѾˡ
˺˵ദ΢飬ǹƧֲԴǵˣҲΪԹϵһ˶
˵ΪŮ񵽵׻ھԸ費ƽʵĺӰɣ
ûΣںǵУ԰˺¶õࡣ
֮鲻̫ϰ 
żֻԵɺϡ˰Ĺ켣֯òͬԸ񡢳ĺ໥Ӵǽ뷨ĻᣬžȻȻ˽˴ˡ
ΪϵԾͳΪѣҪֵ֮
洨֮ƺܹҲ˵ˡ
ѡ
֮˵ǲͬƶġͬ顱ͬġˡİ塣
[֮飬¾ȥԽӴˣǺܻܿҪ¡]
ԭҲ֮ǰ˵Ļȷġ
Ѿƶߣ뿪ǰࡢԨڰĻҵײ㡣
ѾҪǸʱһҪԼװĺʹһмѵˡ
ϣǡ
һ㡢һ㡣
ҲǿԼԼıӦ
ֻҪĸ֪ı仯ҪŵܾһоͿˡ
֮鿴ݽܿ¿ڷĵͬʱԾķ顣
ݺҴ徫кܴϻۡ
ദв֪ô֮㻨ǮʵǿʼԸȻԷ
µܿڵľ飬Ƕ󷽷ĵݸԷ
˽βʦѧƷ˻ñһҳڷϣһ齻֮顣
ĩԼȥʱ򣬵صҲΪڹͼݡȻѧƷࡢ²ɹƵҲͣڹڲ鶼ȽϹžɣִļʵࡢ˵ʵ鼮Ǻȫǡ÷˵Ŀζ
ϣȻ޷ӵԼ飬֮鲻ȱ鿴ˡ
ż顢ֻǵȥ棬ҲᾡѡѻѵĿ
ñҴ徫оͻԼһĴݺ֮ȥ򳡽ǻӡһ˲˶Դ򣬰˳
ϢʱҲɵ˵ͨļҳ⡪ñ֮ͻ֪ԼҸͽ˼ʽ⵱ݵˡ
ᵽʱ̲סŤͷƵݣ/Ը̫öΪֵͥܽõľ赣֮ͻֻ¡˼ʽѡͷΡ
ϾǵԸȷ׷ſ
Сյ˵˵ţЦ
ԼƵˣζܹ˴ˡ
ܹ⡭ڲ˵ǲ֮ܽ˸еĵ¡
Ѱɡ

ѧȥˡ
ڼ䣬Ǽͱֽţ̿ݵĴ򹤻ʵ֮֯ƺҵȶˡ
Ǳȥһ̽ϰࡣĵһ죬ţ̵֮֯Ͳʱ˵һ㣬зḻĹʺͱȽȶ°ʱ䣬ȻżҪڣʱһ㡣
ЩᣬǸ˶Էף
µס
壬ѧʱ䡣
ְ֣ܴСǼ𣿡
豳ıĻؼңؼҵһ¾ͷǳڴקק׵Ĺβͣڴʵ
Ȼԡ
î㶣ͷɤͳļӦ
Ϊͺ޻̸º͵ûаӵϸף֪ԼС͵ӰԺСΪѵ¡
ͺͳҲӻݺʹ֮飬Լ׵ò
൱΢ɥ鲻ϷСϷ
һһ
ʵ˵ԼҺӽѡҪؼ£ּɡ
îĵϣǵܹһ㡣
ֻһСģǵ֪Ҳ࣬ǲẦ𣿡
Ŷ
Сܹͷ廰üҲ˵ҪΪȥųһ˽ˣ˵ʵҰְġҲ԰ְֺкøรе㽵ĸо
۹⡣һͷСһҪ۹⡣
̲סЦ룬Ϊ֮֮˵Ȼڻ޷ҲһȫģԸҵļˣĻûԼӴദŶΰɣֻԸѣĲ˵֮ȷûʲôۡҲںߵǲ[]顣
˵һƺҲֵֹ֮[]ġȻͬҲ˽磬ܾΪԶ쳣ĽȽǿɣݲ˵
裺Сȫรʱֱ붼ʹӦˡ
îãȻգһ°ĺ
֪ΪʲôǰСһƺǳһ˵ǵѶî˵̬ȺͿ
ͺ˵һֱޱݣʵûôˡһ
źǣִŵ·صץˡ
һʱķӦǣ̫ˣҵĺƺûΪҵĹϵںദʱ⡣
ðڶӦ ˵Ǹٺ췢˸ְͬĺӰ
ҡΪʲô
ҲԼֵǺ㽵ĵطϾֻǺӼһѡ
ȥֻһԱȽϴˡ
ǺӸòԼԼ֪쳣Щ԰Ϊ[]ȴӵнͥҵڡָꡱĴ˰ɣ
îüͷ΢塣
ɲʲôָꡱ

ֿҪݺͽ˼󣬸ɴҲ֮Ҳ
ӵһ֪ǼְִڵѵĺôǿԴ󷽷Է档
ĩ졣
Ѷ¥ó˺ǣԼȥ׼õСĺ͹֭˹ȥ
лԾ߲ڣӴӲ䳡
ߺϷĿ˳ǵĳƶΪȤĴðջ֡
îԵ¥ϵĶɵ˿ڲ衣
磬緹ʱ䡣
ΪڣһڵԼǽǺβ͵îԼϵΧȹʳ˳һӡ
׼ӺͿһʢ緹
ԭҲ
î˶Ťͷٺ췢С
Ҳ˲ŵı塣
ԼգŬ۾ͷŸߴ֧֧С˵Ҫæ
ûϵģｻҾͺˡîԼ˵
ҲԼıӣڰǵģҡֻǣǸҵϲָĺ⣬ԡҪѧһôǸţܰӣȻһ䷽𣿡
îһᣬͷǰ۾ӣɵĵͷ㲻ĻպвϣҿԽ㡣
ԭҲ۾৵ˡ
ʮԭҲСܵԷߣ㽵ĿŸߴ
ĵĸСһΧȹϴ֣ȻɤͳȴĵĻԼƺĲ衣

Ҳˡ
ͺ̽ͷ߸̧˵ҲҪæݺ֮һۣҲ˹ȥ
ͿС
֪һȺһ龰
ȻվôˣԻݺ֮ڲæܲƤͰæϴˣСĲȰƤܲ
ԭҲģîһָ
Ҳջ㲻
ԴǩԼǼһҲ֮ϴ룬ˣö֮վͺˡ
һ춼Ǻڵġ
洨֮îޱζķˣĴλڶԨǵĸߴ󡰺Ӱ֪ΪʲôûʱĿ־Ͳ 
̫ƣֶԻڰĲ̫ݣһϢ̫صԵʰɡ

ҵճƽܰǼҵĴҲǸ൱óĵԸ
˫ļҲ̫ԶϤ֮󣬽洨ҲùݷõĴҲ˲٣˱һͬʵչ
îΣո߽洨Ҳãû±𿿽ǺҲͨöԷת
îҲ༸ݣԼҺڷȥԷʱϡ
Žͽθߣ۾ߴ粻̫ˣ;øͬ󣬰滻еС۾͸˿Լî׼ĸһ۾
îŪһֻܿӰ֮顣
ʱһȥҲԽԽ׽
ĹǽǺ͹βٶء
Ҳ֮ƶ߳ҲܣദʱҲʹҲ;档
ҲԼʽ˶ԷȻ洨ƺԹеӰһᱻ˳谮ëȮڸճֵʱ˵ü衣
Ҳ̫ϲ洨֮鲻ڵŤͷֳС͵
ΪƶߵҰȮǻСġ
ĸ֮ĵһ죬ͼĳ
޷ͻĿӰ
ص룬˸ĬĬȮڽ洨ǰƵʡ
޺СӵĻӭ
Ͳǰ֣Ҳë۵鷢֮鶼ܾӵ
ãʤ


2014꣬·ݿѧ
10Ͳ衢12굫ѹ˵֮Сѧ꼶11Ļ꼶
δСѧͶ
12Ľͺ14ҲѾѧˣͶڸѧ
˽ѧУֻѧУѧѣ˵ҲѡĹС
κнѧ
ԭȱʶɼһȵ׵ԭҲڳɼĽ͡ݺ֮ǵĲϰ¡Ҫǵ֪ѧĿ־ĽҲʮ㡪ʵ˾˵Ϯѧʱ˳ĿһȵĽ


56 ׽
ȻȻֵøˣԭҲںһ㣬ȻѾʮʵ
˳ļְ򹤡õ׬Ǯˡ
ԭҲ֣Ǹ
ڿԼƯ·ЬӡΡ֮ľߡ֮Ǹָ
ԸǺչǵı׼
ԭҲ緢ʯһ貵
Ҳֱ׵˵ϲҡ
ҲԽΪ[]î
ǸɽȿɿԣҲΨһҲǸܵĴڡ
İעǳĬʱ̴ڡӲȱϯġ
ֻԼҺӵѣîҲΪûиĸĶӹա
μסÿ˵գעǵİáʳζͼɿڣҲѹǮкںŮڵżҲδȱϯҲ֮ڵÿ׼Ưĺͷ
յֹΧҲ©κˣռͬˡ
Ҫļˣֵ𾴡ߣҲֵѡ
ƽܰԭҲ൱㡣
֮ҲȻ۷
λڷ۵С꿴ߴĿǴŲԵͼǿҵءԴ˵Ĺذԭ֮һҪǣ˼ǳ䣬֪ʶҲԨ
ƽһһС
֮ʲô⣬˼ԼĴ𰸺ͿȻƽȵԸִ֮ӿķȥ˼żĵʱҲ˵һ˵һЩʮǰ׼Ҳڸֹżʷ˵ȣΪ֪Ĺ¡
սѧе֮˵ʦ
ԸдĻһд˲Ʒ
в˽îݵ֮ᶨƵ롣
⡣
ѾȦֿͯǵҵ졣
ߺԴɹѡһͷϲӰعŮ顷Ůǡ
Ǹ̡ϻۣʱ˧ʱɿɰǷϴְһعС
ҲǺȻͬ˵սĽɫ
ڵ֪ҿ籾ľͷ̳һһδذסģǹȹߣȷʹð취ȫָѵĶϷ֡
ò˵Ծʱһ˧תذ׵ĶҪķ
ȻӰӳһڶ죬ϲĲˣѧУĺӶ֪λСͯǡ
ɷõʱʵл˭ʱССŮЦº͵˵Լһλɿĳ
ûסһ˼һûʲôÿѧʱҲ·;ȴ˴ˣȻһȥѧУ

ѾˣîҲʼһЩԱ
ϸֻǵʿʼܣѵܽܵĻîָһǴܼɣ䶷ɵî൱óս
ûٵʽΪʽֻʽʹɲɹî˵ʣµʽ񻹲11ܹ׽ģڻϿ֮ǰîϣͬȥðա
ȥʽĿԡ
㿪ӰӴһʽ[ʮӰ]ǿ󲻽ʽӰҲǳҪ
îŻݣĺŶ̶ˮƯ۾һĵͳԵɤ˵ţųĹΣһӰʹʽʹ÷ʽҲ˾˺̳ߌʽԵ󣬻ݣ츳Դⷽ波֡
ڻ˽ȥ
һѧٿԼӰӣӰһӰڴøîʱ΢΢Ȼ¶Цݡǵຢӵͷ
ΪְܹùͷҾ롭ܲӰ㡣
˳ëĻֻСèһֵĲ˲丸׵ģ΢죬۾ȻѾˣܴӲһŬƵġ
ܺãѾԶԶҵԤˣݡ
îϸ׵οѾ߲ٵĶ˵Ҳ֪ӰʲôܺԭһԼľȫ㣬⣬ԸĻһ÷ԿѡʺԼ
ȻԸ⣡
ڡ
îˡУʹ̫˹紨Ϊ˲ϲһȌȤî˵ĻʮĲҲҪѧ
îȻܾ
˿ʱԼҺӺҲǱӵȼʱѵƽǸǴҲ֮ܺܽΪ˺ѰռһĺܵѵȱȽϿ죬ϾܵʹòҪΪ֧֣󲿷żȽϵ͡
ԸԼʽʦûʲôȤ
ʦ֯顭ְ֣ᶨ
ݣ㣡
ʦʮһĻڌҽʱضܽӴְҵӸȤ
δҵһҵ򣺣
˵
ƽܰճҪԸ񶷱׼ѵǵԱ
׸Ȼͷش𡰺бҪ
ΪԪԵʣձ¼Ƶȫߵģ´ȫۣһӴ¼һȴ൱¡
ĹîȻҪ躢Ա
⣬ҲԽԽˡ
ԭȫδ˺ڵ֯װҶ¼
ƺǺĺֵ֯ۿںֵϵĹϵսӹ꣬üпѪ;ںԽ΢Ѿ޷赲ֵΪ
£ÿкӵļҳеǡ
îҪչˡ
Ҳ֮顢츳ȻҪӴʹãܱʲôûкãîÿ춼йڵʮ֮һ߰ٷ֮һҲãһһ㡣
ûĽͺصܺͷ
֮⣬ҲӴ˺ϵıʩ
͸ǵĹͷʩ˶˷ʽ˺ǾȨȨΧֻȫ
îһΪ¡
ҪͱҲҪ۸ǵжϣ÷ʱͷ
˵
֪Լܱܲһӡ
ҲǷ񻹼ǵҲ֪ʱں׼ҵĽɽźΪؼ鶨µԼ
[ԼˡԺңҲֻҡ]
[֮ǰһᱣ㳤󡪡㲻Ҫҡ]
îμԼҴӲԼ
°ճ˵ԶҲ޷ӵܹɱîҲŲɡ
[ǿร費ʳԵġ]ΪС̫һСŮôŵˡ
²豾ѾˣîҲԶĵĵȥ
Ȼһ쵽֮ǰþһȥǡ

ԭҲѾӵˡ
Сѧ꼶֮еǡ
СѧûнѧµģҪѧҲ̽ѧҲֻܵȵѧʵ˵ʮ걾ӦúͽһϹһ꼶ڿʼ꼶ˣģֻҪҲһѧѡ
ʵʩ֮ǰ֮ӵ˱׬Ǯ
ʼѧͶ塣
ڽβʦĹ¡
ǵġ
֮йλϲʦԡ
ϲǣ֪Ϊʲôλʦǻԡÿһء
עأ˽졣
֮ܳޱȸԾ
£֮ڹԼĳдĵһƪС˵˽βʦ
[βǳȤ֣ȻЩۣڶгͬʱֲʧ֮飬зĴĻԳһͶ塣]
洨֮յ˽βʦĿ
΢΢
һ룬ΪĹϵ֮һΡ
ԼƷ㽵ĽβʦϿǺܴһԭ򡪡ռ˰˳ɣ֮ΪĹϵԴҪתȵCPUһðˡ
ξΪƺҵԼܹŬķ
ȤڣͬҲʮ׬Ǯ;


57 
洨֮Ǻ׻Ϊ𾴺㽶нԸ
ΪҪõһչָ˿
⺢ƽտͻһ侲ʵϣҪȻкܶ࣬ھϵȽϴԣ־ܻԶԶ֮錝彡Ĺע
ҽβƷǽ֮ѧŵԿףҲ۵֮δ͵ľߡ
ǣ֪ѧΪһĴڡ
ǽͽһ㣬洨֮錝λüŰƶ߳λȡúϷݡõﰢǧʸ񣬻дƷĽβʦ˷ǱѰ
ѧTwitterĬĬעתĹճ̵ͬʱĽβʦϻѾݱΪһַǳɹ۵ĵزˡ
îû취Լλ֮飬յ˼󣬻ԼҺǲҪ֮¡
һͬʣҲҲ֪îıСһֻ֪ƺͶʺͻһЩ廭ΰش׬ȡΪ
ȻǳʲôȤζ
ԵϾԸîٻῪЦ
ϹŶֻǲ̫ϣ֮ǺԼǰ̫ѡ
Ͼڌľ־Ѿеˡ
ҲѾȥơǵĺֵڣֻ֮ʼޱòĺΪ
룬˵ǡǡ෴Ϊб˵۷ĵ𾴺ϲ֮Żô̬Ȍ
֮鿴îֵñ𾴰
ӵޱǿ˽˼䡢֪ʶԨǿɿ
һ˼Ĵڡ
֮鲻֪ԼܻرЩʲôֻܷȫ⡣
Ȼеͷˡ
Ѿݱɲî˵ʲô֮ƺܽܵĳ̶ȡȷ֮鼫䲻ϲ۽ۣҲΪîöŬȥ
ͻһ·ӵ侲ʵϽȻ֮ͬǸһıӡ
îΪΡ
ҲȻǺͲ衢ݡȻĺദͺˡ
ˣîΪԼʵСˣȻ״Ҳû
ô˵ҲѾϵ˰ɣ
ߴθкǿ͵͵Ŭ
һ֮Դһ䌝ѧҵ͌Եһ鿴顭֮˸ʵжîѾǺԼǰͨһ㡣
ܹ̹ʳԼϲúҲںîʱîһ뷨
ʵ˲Ľ
Ҳ൱ļѡ
îʵǲϣ֮ΪݶٶȻָԭ̬ȣܴܻǸֱӷ𾴡㣬Ϊ֮錝βҵϲѾԱˡ
ƽĻܶ඼Χѧ֮ᵽβֵĴҲѾൽ塣
îԼʶһ㣬ûаѱ⺢ӡ
ȻĻ˫ؾӳ֣îǾʲôͷͺ
îһûʲôӣҲϰ߱𾴵ČǰҲرϰߡ
ڱ¶⡭
î
̫ȷ֮ķӦ
ĵΪΪеǸЩ֪֮᲻ñƭе
Լô
һˣԼ˼ߣٷֱ挝
Ǻӻ̫Сˣʮꡣ
ƫƫе˼̫пͽǱʡ
ⲻС
î֮˼ھͱס⺢˼δ͵ھͰһ˵˼뵱ԼһС
ݡϲһˣһ£ҲһǺ¡
ȡǷܱ˼ԡ
û˻Զȷû˻Զ
κ˶Ϊȵĳ˼Ϊһ˵־ɲࡢ܌çײ֮ͽ
îĵĬĬΪԼΪǸѡԼ
ԼTwitterϷı֮˺תԺîĻظؼι֮ͨîע֮TwitterʼԽβݺǺӱֶڵ˽Ž
˳һᣬĴϻӿʼսͻԳѾʼж΢ѧ̽С˵ʼȤǸСŵܻǵĲµϸ׵Ĵ㣬һϡ
֮Twitter˺žСһŲϸͨ籨ŵġ
Ȼ鱨ԴԼС۽洨ƽտȥ侲֮Լõʵ˿Ӳ˵ĹŷϢƺЩ˼һֱڣĿǰȻ֪ҲѾΪ
˵ԼҸʱϵЦⶼزס
TwitterԽβݽîµķʽȥ洨֮˼ǸΪѧĺӽдһ֡ѧܹһ˼ķʽ֮һ
ԽдԽҪ˼
ԽҪһڵҪԽĹ۲˽ˡ
Ĺ۲˽⣬ܹʹһ˳ɳ
յ֮ĵһƪС˵ĸʱ򣬱îھвοЦˡ
ʡ
Ǹѧ츳ĺӡ
ôѾѧô֪̳꣬ѵîϧŵĶð˳
ΪβޱţΪǺӽָĹΪԴϴĥǺӵ۽磬ጝܽдĻܡ
ΪîĬִĹ鼮͸Ǻӡ
дҪıʻ
֮ѧĺ棬ҲԽǡ
˵îע⵽֮ƺ֪תá¡ֿԳˡ
ҲԽ񣬿ʼѧߵķ緶
ഺɰתء

洨֮ڽβʦĹͶˡ
ͶǺ羴Ľβʦһ硣
δԾıԼ뵼ʦβȴֽȻͬ[]۲Ƕȶġš洨֮ʦĻԻ̣ԼǴڿʼġ

ٺõʱľˡ
ڣһǳ峺Сڻš
峺Сӣ棬ˮԷŽ⣬ǳƯʱʱмСһβˮϽˮϵǰˢţ˭֪һ·ӣ˶ٵѪȺ
һ£ʮʬ塣
ںڵƴ
һôǳ˵СӰ
Ӱϡ
һλźɫ΢̷ɫ۾ʮ굥ּһ飬Ĵš
Դ۾һգգĿźϴǳЦ
ȻЦţȴδ˸о˿ϲõζ
˵ǡǡ෴
۵дȤ͸֡
ʵҲȷˡ˳С֮¾䣺ȥһܹˮḧӭƵɣ
ƮƮ˵˾˵Ļ
κ
ˡ
ƻߣŵǱ鷭òĵ ǩּ棬ҪˮŪ˿ɾͲˡ 
ķ棬дǡ21űʼǡ  
߽β
ڷ۵鲻ǳȤζУǻ԰Ĺâȴδȫȥ

λڷ۵Զ˺ӱߡ
δˮɱԭ˹켣δαĳҽ񵽡
--------------------
лҪ˵
̫ӦòȥĿǰǶ߶λֱס
ۺ-1-1-1-1


58 
ڷۣ14̫γɭԭΪ򵺡
򵺼ȻԶԶȲϼһպĲƷңôҲǵغǮҲһ˼ң׼ҲɹۣҵҲϣҲȻչĺܺá
ǰ򵺼ҳӼ̳ˡ̫ѪԵϵֳ˵ԼΪμңȻʽε硣ҰĲҪý򵺼ҽһչĸͬˣҴǸʱʼ˶עλ̳ϡ
Ȼλ̳վû˳εг̫βġ
Ҳ֪
Ͼ̫ǲúѡҳߡգԶǸȤαζļҡ
̫ˡ
ÿÿ붼ôŴִ꣬ϻ۵ĺӵĶ
ԣ׵̫γԾȵԼӼѹγֽ׻ϴ·ֿտĿĵĿʼԼġ
ֵһǣ̫µҳߵġšֱű˷ִ򿪣һܺŴ̫׼ûôദĸĸ
ÿ仰ǸԸԴĸŭĵ㡣
̫ζԸĸķӦûʲôȤýֺȥҲ֪Էʲô֡
򵺼Ҳ
ڴͳϸü̳ƶǰŲϵӴӡ
˳ǴǸ֪ôĺӻȥʱԼ绰
̫ҪҲһ㡣
ҳ̫꣬θ12ûá
ӺܴһĻóϷǴ˵ĳ̶ȡ
⣬⺢ӻó۲αװˣҲܹ㵽ǮԴ˳˳ԼȻʱʱΪƶС鷳ЩǱܿͻҵƾֵİ취
һˣͳꡣ
һֱ̫14꣬תת˺

β09ʽʼµġ
̫ΣǡĶβµһ֮һ
ʱ21űʼǡδ棬ֻ¿ϦϷһµسƪС˵ǱϦҲص̫׵ģƺǸ׸ﺢи־СıӶʹ˵طĵϡ
ȻƪС˵ͳΪ̫ѵõǲ
ΪʲôȤأ
ǡ̫ζԡ21űʼǡд֮Ȥ
αװģģڻԵģġ
Щˣڽ򵺼ҵƵ
ʷȴʧŵˡ
޷ڹ͵Ǹʲô嶯ֻĳԼ˶ĵطһһʱѪѡ˳ע
09꣬һֱע12ʮꡣ
ҳߺʮ굽ʮ꣬Ҳδλߵ顣
Ȼ˵䣬̫ζԽβʧˡ
˵ҪԾȣûһѣҪԼŢ뿪ߵ̫档
ڷ۵·߳ƽ˺ܾãȴһֱҲ̫
Ҫ߶ò뿪Ţ
βʦ˵ΪʲôҪȥأ
̫żƬѪһƱȥԼдȥĵ硣
֪βܲܿȷԼ϶ղš
Ϊûй̶ס
̫ûϵ
һºö֮һ־ʱ򣬿˽βʦͶĶƪС˵
һλɱʧߵĹ¡
˹һλ֮ͽҪԼ
Ȼÿһθ⵽֮
ϵӶϵ׼ˮʱǡк·úɱȴھӵİݷáζʳҪðҩȴҩ·ϱèϡ
·ȫ綼һ˹ô
谭ȴ˽֯һ
ĺЦݲõл
ھһζʳ͹ķǳζ
ؼҵèſиͣԴŲͶι
ΪʲôҪȥ
лжΡлзŲµɡ
Լõļ̸ģǹĳɾ͸УζʳǽһϢ
壬û׼ȷĴ𰸡
ÿΡÿʱ㡢ÿ춼һ
ҪȡҵϵĳɾͶ
ҪΪ˼˺Ͱ˶
ҪΪ˿ɰĳ
ֻǵҪ
ûб׼
ʲôܲ˵Ļ
٣ڻʱȥɡ
ȥӴȥԸ飬ȻҵԼں
ڻʱͷĻǡõԵϡ

ΪҶдĹ𣿻˵ɺϣ
14̫ζµһڵ־ɫе΢ǻԽԽȻƶ룺
ΪҶдĹ¡
ڿ˵Խβʦʧ경İⱾؽԼʱס
ĵȷȷȥӴȥԸ顣
ѧš͵䱦˺ְһ·ˣҲѧɱ˹ȥˮһβʦžԲ뵽ɡ
[һСŢˣŢõꡣ]
[ڻʱȥ]
βʦȫµ꽫ߴӺزĺڵ֯ƿڲݵϱĿ
һɡ

ĳһ졣
̫δܿһҵӡ
壬һζĿଡ
ڷ۵죬ܿϣݡһľϡ
û[ζ濧]ˣ˵⣬Լଵϰ忴һۣü˵
̫ѡûʲôܹ˸ܵðֵĿζ𣿡ʮСֱ̧ȻûõϰĻشʧһŤͷڵĿˡ
ԵĿζô
̫ԡ
19꣬װ̽繤֮֯ãȻŤͷȥȻĵͷǳóԡ
̫Ҫλֿ֮һŬĵ·̽ǰʱˡ
ںʵĵص㣬Ժʵʶ

2014·ݡ
ԭͲƽʼѪϢĺޱ𾪻ֵ̿¡
ĺֵ֯ۿںֵսϲŭ޳粻侲дֹۣǳ׻ӹб
ںֵѪͳΣʼĮ
·ΪԼҪһִĺֵһһۿںֵĳλԱС˵
Ȼ
λȥôϲŭ޳׻Ǿڡڡ⻹ǲƱƽ
ڲһˡ
λΪԼĳһλ췢ĺӻˣò°ץɱ
ɱ󻹲ƽϢÿЦٶԼĲ½к췢ĺӶץɱ
ԷʼԵĶƽ֣ûֹλ졣
ǣͥĲҾ緢ˡ
һƽδûӹ

һ¼͸ۿںֵ˲併͡
ȻǶʱкܴһֺ췢ĺĪʧˡ
ĸΪԼĺĳ䣬ѣֱһܺ󣬺ֵĶƽϢ
Щʧٵĺ췢ȻĻص˼
ҳ־ϲȴȫţΨֱֵԼĺӻš
Ҳ֪ʲô顣
еĺʲôǵá
еĺ˵ƾշȻεˡ
ЩûӵЩɱĺ˵
ǰͷгǵ˾ҡ

±˳Ϊա
--------------------
лҪ˵
Ҫ̫ĸۺڵ16صдݣԭ˼ϣֵǱٻʮߣС˵ѾдЧĶǿܴκףûҲ̫ɭͷͺ͸СĽһ㡣
̫ףһ̫дˣܶ˶ĿͬۺϿԪ̫ףҲ֪ȫοԪۺϺսǹ˺ܾúдĹܽܵķչҪ׹ĺһ㣬ΪȻǴʼûʧȥαȽϺá
ע̫οԪۺ˽衣


59 
¼ôͷ˵
ԭҲʮ꣬ѹڲŹһ꼶
ΪǱͬҪһصߺͷɫͬںɫϵƯٺ췢ԣۿںֵȥɱ췢ӵĵһ죬ڷѧ·;⵽ǹ
ΨһֵҵĻǽͺԼûһߣûбǣ
ɱк췢ĺ һֽ˸ۿںֵȻ´
û˸Υ
ϾѾ˥ڲϣҲд档
֯ڸһ·ƴɺԥĴ治̵ĺֵԱȻлͲԸǲΥ졣
Υڽ죬Իġ
ⲿҲԼģѡҧִС
߰£ܹ鲻ôϸ
û˼ලĻǻһֻ۱һֻۡ
ʹһСһ㣬Ǹ찮ĺӲһεģų
ͷɫһϺɫҲų
ԱһģҲų
ĵķˡ
֪ЩӾԼǰӵҲһܹѲߣˡ
ǽʣĵ
һֻ۱һֻۡķ˵㵳вһϸִЩֻҪǺɫϵͷʹͯ׶ηΧڲŮͳͳһɱѪ֮ͽ
ԭҲͺܲҵѪ֮ͽ
ٺɫͷʹͳϵĺ췢ǲ̫һȴҲɱԺɫϵΪɶ
ҲƶƴߣѾʽܹսɵîϵͳѵ
ڱǹɲǣʶΣڵһʱӦҲԼϸһڱԼ
Ȼ
㽫ﶼԼӴ˲ʱҲϵϸϸ׹һˡ
ΪӦڻҵĺîںµ[ȫԶʩ]
ǾںΣյʱһʱѣϸͷɵȻΡ
ǲӰδµٶȣһɲĹɵصĺݾ׼ѸĴܳȵҧסӵ
ԭҲûзӦ
̧֣ѱߴܳ˲ͷסʧʶǰסҧסӵµĹߡ
ҲͷſֹĹߣʯƵ۾һî
޷˵Ĺûлش
ֻ䵽Ҳʱ£ϵĴ̣˳ޱȲ˵ġޡµҧŵӵҽԼ۾λڿתӵķ򣬼߱¶
û˿ԥٶȱ仯̬
λӴĹѻȫѧİ׹ǳٵǰԾ
ǾڵĹ仯ĴڣҲһ֡
ˣͨ˸Ϳǡ
ǹǼźװ˱ѻͳͳһԴƻǹȺһʱǰһڵͨ˳׵Ļʱȫ֪ʲô¡
ѻ֮ͷɵ߿ջһȦȽҲͷȻ̧צӣץסҲͷ·קקһƬǳҵķָ
ͬʱҲֻҲյ˶š
[îҲ]

ڹǾ˲䣬ڼ˲İ
Ұʲô󣬲üͷ壬ǾҲؼҡ
ҲϮˡ
îʱһֻѵĳ߾ƵģܰǷȽʵǿ˫һһ
Ҳˣ
Ϊʲô
îһʱֿܣԽԽࡣ
ǳҲڵģǳؼģ
ϮҲ˭ǻ᲻ӳ֣
îüͷ˼ţΪ鱨Եʣʱûܵó𰸡
㿪ֻĻÿӶ˶ţǴؼҡ
ҲͷصѧУѺԼĽͽ˻ݺ֮λŲ
ƽĸϻرң̤ŵһ̣ǲɻ˽ŵ񾭡
îһʱ¹۲һΨһܵϮҲ
ǴʱîȻӵԼұ༭ƽɺͺĵ绰
Ƥ׷ͳֻһۺĵ˽
Ȼõ˳ϵĴ𰸡

îǩԼ絽ڵ䣬ƽɺͺɹ˱ҡ
ڵ޾С¼Զ󿪵ı༭ĵǸһĲ²⣬ʼĬĬԼķʽîӴ
Ļ⣬îһ㣬͹ȥҲƽɺͺæģʽβʦʲôҪ˳·Ķ
ʼ绰ƽɺͺҲҪԷԼȰȰ˵ˡ
˫ƺʶʲô˭Ҳû˵
Ҳһ
[ʦֵ˷ˣ]ƽɺͺɤΪ˺ѷΡ
îסˡ
ЩĵĿ˿ֻΪȥԵʣû취ԷֻһԵĹӣԼˣöԷ侲ú˵
ƽɺͺֿ־ַŭ
[֪Ϊʲôкöֵ׷ɱͷĺӡĺֱֵ޷ˣ;쵽ڸʲô]
[ҵҲǺͷҿڼûȥѧǡ·֪ͨҡˣҲͷҲᱻΪɫϵģƺͷƫ춼ᱻǣȥβʦҪǺСעⰡ]
[ȰͷɣȻû취뿪һʱ䣬ǹ·ǱߺҲкֵţɶڵҪôźá]
ƽɺͺ꼱îǧŹҶ˵绰
îĬԼյϢ
ǡԣ
ֻΪҲͷɫѣͱϮˣ
΢㶣ĻС


11辮̫һͷƯĺ췢Ըֹţͺͷһҫۣ洦ɼƽͨСѧ
ȻڵȴŲ·ڽҴܡ
׵ֹ̫סĵβΪȵĺֽۣҲ
ܽСˣ׷
ǺӵһӴźװĴǹ׷š
Ǹ췢ܲˣһˤ˺üȦϥǡ֡ǲˡ
˻ĳһ龪תϵĺˣȻѾϹĺֵѾǹ
Ǹְ裬еܵܣһز˼ˡ
ҾͲӦ÷ѧȥС⡭
辮̫ͷһ־嵽µۡ
Ȼ
ûǹ
ķ˵İ
辮̫ã̧ͷȻδ[]һڳŲɵӰ
Ǹߴԡ
Ű׹ǳǹһͷɫɳųĹǽǺ͹βɫϵĺƺһ˲ܿͱذĺɫ
ǸԽűߣǳױ˹ͷԹȥĺֵԼһرƻĸɸɾǹе
þȡˣ
辮̫ãȻ۾ǸƤ׷ĸߴ
Եķڵ辮̫ס΢΢
㡭ǲǿõңƤ׷Բ˶٣Щ⡣
ʦԭˣΪ[پ]ʱ˿ɼ𡣡
Էţĺԥһ£ǽӴСһܻ֡
ǷٴСζ
Ѿûˡ
Ž˺ӵͷỺࡣ
ͬʱתʽ⺢ϵĲתϡ
ʹˡ
̫棬Ȼһ룬;ԼȻ
ҡҡλǰ£һůС¯һĿȽס
˺ĺ󱳡
ںС˯һ
ڳ˯֮ǰ̫Ǹͳ΢Ƶ
£ֻһجζѡ
ܻ֮ؼˡ
ͿԻؼˡ
̲ĺ췢Ǳƻһ¶˰ĵЦݣޱȾĻ
ů
־ƣƺԶȥ
ǡ[]
辮̫ĵʻûдݵ[]
ֻǺܰĵı۾

î⺢ӵ죬ȷԷؿദԼġǡŰڵ档
ݣˡ
ͬʱµӰӷ
һССӰСèƵ̽ԼСԴ
ĺڷʯƯ۾ʮһĻݡ
ţҰɡ
ĵͷְ̧ǸͷСקӰ
ֵ׷췢ĺӣîĳۿֵڽö֮ǹ󱻳׵Ժ
Ǻӣ˰Ѹȫ췢Ӷľ
Щ޷뿪ĺڼңָǻᱻֵţȻҳ׽֮ٽͻȥ
ʱ򣬻ݾϴóˡ
ܺá
ССĺһ·îӰӰӵʱ㣬ÿîһСӣͰæѻ˯ȥĺӰȻͳһ˵ǼС
ʱάӰӺܺ
ÿݵҪľϢʱîͻͻ[]ļңԼţϴΧѲţϴžȻĺԼҺͷܡ
Ҳ֮ҲҪæǱˣӵкɫϵɫҲ
ȫѧУ˼٣ÿ춼ڼ˼ʳ
îÿ췢϶Լӡǡ
һλؿദ[]
ڳΪ֮îҲС
[][˯]ֵܡ
ӵ֮۵î[]ãǡþǶһ˯
ǵ˲л½ͣάһ²Բȡ
ȻΪߵԵʣîûκùԼǡҪȷһ˻λãȥ඼ֻöԵļʽ
⻹îһ óò˵ó
ʱȥ롣
îһѺֵٵǹеҲʤͬʱҲѾʮߡеĺ췢Сˡ
Ȼֵжûֹͣ
Ŀ;ǱߣҪԼ̫󶯾Ϊ뷨îüͷԽԽǿпԼ벻ԲȲ˯жŬţĳ鱨
Աȷһá
ȻîڴӦáĺֵԱתٶȳڴϺھ㵵޿̵ıŭ
޷Լʲô
ʹԴϵһ
˲䣬˺ежô˥ڵжô
ʦîӲɱˡ
ֻὫͽȻðˡȫ̹ע״֣ʦîͽ
ǣîȴǰͬ顣

Ҳĺô
٣îɱ˵ġ
֮ϾѾմԭѪ
Ѿǹˡ
î롣
һ顭Ҳνˡ

ۿںֵǺĺڰ档
ͬʱǻǸӵʮԼʦְļš
λñ߻ʦ⵹ǲ֣ϾôǺĺֵ֪ĴҲΪ˱֤Σ̶ֳȵĸȻķ롣
îһʱȷλá
¼ĵ죬îǱȥһǾԥҧ˸ۿںֵĺ
̻̲ʹֵ
ú󣬸ۿںֵ
˵µġ顱˵Ҫλô˽ҽ֤ǰӵʦ
λĵһʱ䣬ֹͣǰĻ
գ졣
îڹ۲ŸۿںֵĶȷ϶Է֮ǷεĴȥڲͬĵطѡ
ÿһѺãȻվԭأ̧ͷԼҵλȥ
ÿ󣬶һֻСһ·ǻؼҡ
--------------------
лҪ˵
ɭ˭˻ûźأ


60 
ƽ»صҵĺ췢ܹжʮ˸
СһǱϲĸĸڻ
ֿЦʧõĿϲЩƽﲻЦุ׶̲סۿ
ְʺʱ䵽ȥʲô¡
ÿӸĴ𰸶һ
ֻǵ˯һѹͳڹ԰ˡ
Ҳǵ÷ʲôˣûรȻӡҺǹ˶ӡֻ˸جζѡ
ûﲻھǶе£ûкรȻجΣͱˣεȥ԰һ죡
ұ׷šȻҷžιȥˡ

ʲôǵõռ˽֮һ
һֻǵԼ׷ɱ£ȫԻԽβ
ֻȼ˷ܵסԼĸĸĺ
[]ˣ
裬ְ֣ҿ[]ˣ
һλȻͬԸǳ[]
Сɽһޱȵĸߴǿ׳ɵƶһĳҰϢɫƤɫ۾ԼһԳĹǽǣԷ׾پͰѻ˴ſˡ
ĿһСǵ̵辮ֵ̫˵Լ
ߴǿ׳[]ḧԴȻͯ˵ˤ˿˲ϲʹˡ
ţ˯[]˻
ǸůС¯һܹɢһп־ͲĿ󻳱
[]ɤͳĸƽؼҵĳŵޱõξ
һ[]ˣ
ֻ[]˲Żôӵ˲ǿ
̫۵΢΢ź졣
ĿԼļˣ[]жϼŲɡ
δ˹֮󱻲˵šҲӲҡ

û֪ȺСһﵽôӹһٵġ
Ǹ˵ҲΪ̫СĹϵ߱Ŷȡ
ϿȺӾǺ׵ʧ٣ֺ׵ĳ֡ڣͷͷȫˣԴû취Ӽǵõ𰸡
̫棬ᱻ˹ע
ھ̽ͷ̽ԡĴҲͼɷãԼҪѯ顣
Ȼһ౻ʧõİְˡ
ڸۿںֵȥ֮ǰɲκôѾƲ
ӵк췢ӵܺ߼ͥǣѾûζȿԡ
û취ӺֵбҵĺӣڻҪҺòӹһٵĺȥ﾿ʲô飿
ŲǹģǾֻǶԾ˺ǵһλĵĴĻѣ
ô˵£
ЩͥԱûʲôɫҲܲɷá
ΨԼʶûʲôĻ͸¶һ˵ǡ
ǣһܺ
[][]Ĵںڴ

ۿںֵɭŸ⣬Ǹıҡ
дλҰģҲ˼ƻȻ׵ϷΧڡ
ɭŸⱻ˸ֲ
ԭļƻˡ
黹̫⣬ٻؾ桪ɭŸ׼һα飬ңҲǡʬ巢ֵĵһˣгʱ⡢Ƽƻ
ּģµĲ̫ûʲô͡ûӡ£񲣬ҲܺúŪȥɭŸֻҪһԼɾͿԴﵽԼҪĽ
ҪȫȡĲ£ֻҪ֤˵֤ʣܹʱְŰɵ̬Ȳ֡ͬʱгʱƿغֵͿˡ
˵ǴԼɱġ
λ˥֮ʸӴѵˣɭŸαЦͱĮɱ
ˣڱŪæ֮ʣɭŸ⻹Ϊ첻ԼС¸еź
˵ɭɱ˺⣬һղ;ԼĲҲ״Ȼûа취ö֮ȥ飬ֻŲɺͲӲͷƤȥʱõһߡ
֤ˡ
̫ͻȻɭŸҲὣƫͶԷ
һλʹýߡ
Ůԣһ˶βţһΪӡ
˵εʦʵǺֵǮĹ࣬βǡҪһ׬Ǯֿɱ˵ȶˡ
Ҫ죬ǡǡܹЧָȥɱ˵Ĵڡ
εࡣ
׼ȷ˵һֶļ
ɭŸͿ㡣
ʦǶԷʦ߱ӵ̬ȣ¶ԷҲˡɭŸ⽫УҲû˿ѡĻ˶ԷԸͶԽǮ̰
ŵ˵λͽǮ
βŹȻĸɴӦ˺
ɭŸ⣬ԷλʧԼҲԴ󷽷뿪Ҫ׷ɱ˶ȥˣβŸڵĸۿںֵ
ɹ൱ԼץסɭŸİѱԴеõ档
ڸ档
Ӧˡ
൱˵βֻҪԼĴϽġ鱨öĴɭŸ˵ͺá
ڼƻҺ̶ȼ谭ķȻʦĴҲܼ֡
ɭŸļλ˳ɡ
ȻʼÿӰࡢȫû˯ʱġ
ȻҪǸʦȻڡ
ɭŸͷ۲ѣòʦ³ӹۿںֵ󲻵òһʶĿӦһϵĻʱ¿յ֯
ɭŸ⣺ͷʧԽλһû˯оԼʱ
ڲǰ췢ӵĲɱ¼
[]𣿡
ɭŸ⿴Լ鱨
׷ɫƤԣгǻ߳β߾˵ߴ󣬸ݿڹԼһװϡںӵߣʦ
֪һ˵[]һԵĵһӦΪһǿġߡǡʦ¡
Ϊݻһּĺλ[]˳ȥǺβ͵Ĳȷ鱨ȫȫһࡱģ
Ǻβ鱨ҲһϳģһЩʽЧ˵ι״ߡ
ο֪ĺҲһ̫࣬СǸĿڹͳ˲ȷԡ
Ļϣ֪˾ԲΪ[]ж
Ϊӹǧ鶼ȫŤĴڣǴǵĸеĹ
ɱˡˡŪ࣬ΨܻĴȥˡ
ο׻ĺֵԱ⣬ûһɱ
ɱֻ˵飿
ܡ

ϲô룬ٲһͨ˶[]˵²
ڽд˵Ȼ˽ͨ˵Ȧ[]Ǵֿɼ¼
λǿ[]ѾڴнΪ˺[]
˰[]޲ֳֵĻ[İ]Ϊһ̸[İ]˵ļ¼ıȻ෴[]ֵλҲ޲֣ջǱֳλ[]
ŴɢԽԽ㣬Ҳȷע
ڵ֮ǵó˺ɭŸͬĽۣɺ򻯣
һֳûκл࣬Ȼųʱ̫ȻɢƶΧȫȫһҲûвĿ̫͡
ûֻžˡʵǲж߼
Դ籬ը¼ǿȾͳһԵˮƽ
ܽ᣺¼ĸʲߣ粻ֺ̫ܲ˲Ҫ̫ע
Ψڵ֪[]ò͵ش˸飬ʱӡ
һǺ׼ҵϣ׼ɡ
ǸʮͷһӾȷλ[]ݣһ亹ͬʱİæѹϢ
һ
ҵϢˣ쵰飡
î[]ѳ৵ţ伤
[ֹͨ֡ʾֱӻ߼ӵȸֶ֪͸¶ίвѯǼҵκ顣]궨µ[]Ǹǿ׻֪˶õϹ۸ʱǸδµ壡
ȫô󣬱һֹԮֶκֱǴ롣
˰ɥʧ׷ˡ
Ͼձ˵󲻴˵СС˿̫࣬ΪĿǰΨһһõؼʦĺæʱٵÿֻ꣬ǻעĸеѧУͼܹżλСѾָǸȫϢbugˡ
Ȼ̫ˡ
ֱڡ
޲Ϸɵڿ鱨[]¼΢֮Ӿʣ仰
Ѿˣ
쵰Ƿ㣡
--------------------
лҪ˵
βţԭ¼нڴϡbugʵȨɱǸʦ
ʽjjxxΪֻ鱨ĴڣǸڱδֱ˽Ϊม


61 
Ÿۿںֵӹб֪ϸȷֹǰλһȶĺʱƽ
îڰѺ췢ĺͻȥ󣬻ǲ˲ٹǾȥ鱨۲˺кһʱ䡣
ȷԼδ¶ټû˰[][]ϵһîŻ˿˲١
˵ᵽ[]㡪
îԼ⧲ð[]ԸеͲ⡣
ô[]Ϲϵɡ
ȻҵĺǼᶨƵĸ˷Ե
Сһֱͬ׳˵Уְֲô[]˰
îգۣĵ룺˾
ϾԼ԰׹ǳǻŵǴ̼ΣյɭɭβôԲʲôĴڡ
˵ֻȽпܡ
·ǵúʲô[]ϹϵһӦҲ[а]Ŷԡ
ӦǼΪ⻷ʱܹԼĺ췢С˵ȥµġ
ôˣǼ׺ӡûбҵŵ
î˼⡣
Զ֪߱񵽼֮Ǹʱ򾿾ЩЩĺǴôǿҵİȫС

¼ûãîյһš
λȺغ׼ҵĻµһſӱ͹Ľš
ѾʮĻյϢһֱŵѹޱȵǵĸîдʮҳֽš
÷ǳŵֺܲ˵[]飬ȰîС¡Ҫ̫۵ΪǿȰԷԼΪ׼дûûˡ
Ƶĺ׼ͷ֮һҳʾ֭ͼî˵һ¡
[îˣˡֱԣѾʦҲǺ׼ҵˡ]
[ˣǰΣȫɡ]
[ΪԼɣ˽һ㲻ǻ£ΣͷҵĻҪΪ˵ġҪΪ˳ˣҿɾîˣûб˵ɡ]
׼дŵʱ򣬻ǲɣκʹġ
ĩβдµĻҲЩζ
ǻɵĻ
ǰһֱھ˵îѾˣȴƫƫû䵽һ³
󡭡˽ΪԼɡ
Թۣ²ؼ
Ͼվǵס
ҡζҪΪݵĹϵٶܵ˺
ԼıӺ֪׼ͲîǸʱˡ
Ѿʮ³ʴͬ縯಻ִĳͷһԱҲʱģ
ɲͬŸɾ٣öˣҲ١
ֻ֮£ﵽ׻Ǳһ˿ġΨîԼîص飬׼ƴȫҲҪš
찡۰ɣµûϵеĿѺʹ۶뿪î˰ɣ
׼ÿ춼š
ĥ뱲ӵʹΣոһճȥ

ǱЩðĽ飬îҲû
֪ڵֻǣζ޷ӶԷĻ
Ǹɡ
î롣
˵
ʵ̫Ҳ̫ˣּҲʲݵĺܡ
îͷۡ
ǰֳƪˣƫƫ֮ѧƣ仰˵飬ƫƫҪ
î鸴ӵ̾˿
ȻΪ˱鷳İżȼż

պ󣬺Ѿعƽ
ϳΪ[]îûаӦеĸ߸ϺңɼϢ
˵Ȼ෴ƽձֵĸӵ
ñȴʱԼ˸ΧȹǳȻڳæµ
ô[]¼ͼӴסܴжô컨׹ңîֻһͨͨŵĺǵϸ׶ѡ
ΪһɫϸĵϸףîӲԼҺǵա
525գǽ洨ա*1
ͬʱ֮ͶĶƪС˵ĸҲ˳ͨˣ¸³ǵϦϡ˵Ѿĵ֮ˡ
˫ϲš
ʮͷԸҲ֮˷ѧǼһףҵķ仹סýСԼһ䣬Ҳ֮һ䣬ͷ̫Ҳڱޡ
îڽףġ
îһâһŵɴƤȥˡ˵ĥļ⻬淴ű⣬ܹ׾жʳġмֱһһÿһһǡôգ۵ĹͰȫâƤ룬Чʼߡ
Ͻâгɶ˺ܶâ϶ѵСɽƵһѣîǷֳݣһݷŽʺرãһװࡣ
îóý⧲Ĵ˸硣
Ƥ׷鼰ʱƲֱסڱǣͷֳƶĳΪ΢Ҳ֮˻Ρ
˭߶ң
ܺõ̫ĵССĿ˸Цǡôʱ䴫˺決ɵĵεһǷƶߣĺ˿ϡ
ȥϴ˰֣î߹ȥ򿪹ţʲôʩԼΪؼֱӽڵݷ絰óȻģһ鵹۵ϵȴȻȴ
ȴʱڣîȥ׼Ϻ͹ߡ
ƴݷˮ⣺ߴݷ絰߷ֳĵȷ֣Ȼвͬζĵơ
ȵðƸʵˮһˮжʱãʼƲͬζ͡
ݺҲϲ̫ĶԿζˬ͵ͲǰһȥζҪϾ֭ɰǡƺͻͣŪ֮뵽͵һ򷢾С
ȻԱҪȽϽѾӽաδȱϯѾΪ˺決ʦˮֵ
ʣµ֮顢衢˶ڣ֮鲻ϲ۽ۡ費ϲҪעһ£˶ôˮڿζѡ񶼿һ㡣
îѡձڵʱˮâݮӣҡ
ճƷƯľˡ
ȻֹɫζҲһۼ֤îƷˮƽ仯СһǿԵ
îϡϻΧȹ϶մɫͣîȻ
ߴֻǶһޱϸϸĽԼĵⷴ۲κ󣬲һͷȻСĽյŽء
Ҫյ⣬îʼɶбزȱ
Ժ￪ĻѾժڻƿװˡ
͸֮Ĺ񶼺ú÷˹
Ҳȷ󣬴Ҳڡ
Ϸʱ׵ʳȫ

ȫúҲÿʼ׼ˡ
Ͼܲõ⵱ԡ
ʽе֮ǰܵҪԵ㶫һθ
СѧСֻͷѧˡͽؼңһԼܰæ֮͸ϽȥѽҵдꡪΪڳ㹻Ļʱúø֮ף
ѾϹһ꼶ԭҲͽ͵ĻΪѧУŻĹϵؼҵʱƳٵ롣
Ҳ١
ʮ֣Լǽصҵʱ䡣
ҵˡ
ıšܹȥŵĲЦݲãѼŴ򿪣մ㿪ĵĺһ䡰Ҳ硢ͽ㻶ӭʱ򣬾Ϊ˵ĳ
С軺ԲůɫĴ۾
һ룬ըëƵʶںô㰡
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лҪ˵
1 鲻գԹ˽5.25


62 
ſվһӡ̵ļһ
Էһͷ۵İ׷ǴȻףîķɫܲһ˻ܸߣԷѾܺîһϸˡ賤ôûְֲߵء
׼ȷ˵îǶ԰׹ǳǺ͹ɵͷô㣬ǰü겻ļһѾҪϱîôһ
Ľץأһôô죬ҲͰְһ߰
⣬ԷҲñȲиӸߴˡ
ȻſɱڻĺƷ̫ܿ۲ˡСûٺͼְⷢĲ׵ľͿԼͱȳ˳ɫĴԴӶԷļıȸƲԷͬɹ۵ļȺ
ޡ
ţȻɶļһȹȥǿ׳˺ܶ࣬ԱȲϰְ֡
裺ҼҰְֵĺͼҲͻݸ綼Ľ˺þãĶʱ԰ְΪģģ
Ȼ֪ǼСԵʻǱ˵ĹϵҲͻݵĽչЧǺܺãϸСɵһֻ˺һʱ䡣
Թ
ڶŶԷʶʳ󣬾ͺԥİڳһССĲӭ㡱顣
ȻſһƤȻгˡ
ѽ裬áò
Ѿʮ꣬Ըƺûʲô̫󳤽ĸߴ׷ǶԲīհƯ۾΢΢벻̧֣Цݣֻѩ׾èһҡҡҲΪ졣
ڡþáϼȻָԼԴ
ô㻹ǵ𣿡
򡭡
ϸߣ鲻Ը˶Է֡
Ȼǵ
Ȼʱ࣬Ͳסļ൱ڡ
ӲҪ̽ʵܰԼĺܶ鶼ǵһȻ벻ԼǵãǾȫһ
Ͼ̺һߣǸС̫Щ顭ָ飬ʵǵûá
һûгڵļֻҪദʶһӹƢһѶԷɼ̡ĵ䷶
һ
ϲ׽Ūˣ
쵰С򣡣
ΪѾ˵ĲһŬҪһƽϣһޱȼᶨĲβ׺
Ǹɶĵ̢С͵
򿨿һᡣ
ͲգۣȻ̯֣ǰͺ͹ֻΪǳʣµģ˭֪صأš
˵ʱһ˳ߵ̢ΪʵֻǸѡ
δ򲻹îڡ򲻹ܡ̸֮͡ѡߵ˽ԸͬԷ[]¡
ȻĬϽ衢ݺͽ׵ĺӼһؼ顱չ˵֡
ǿһ£ǸʦһΪ׵ңȻ˵ͺƤ
˵Լⷽ[]ֱЦһĻشһͰݷõʱ׼һС㡣
Ǳ[]ϸָӡ
Σյؼ鶨Եȵ[]ԼκһжԵ֪աȻ߲û취һܵشʦҲԻۡ
Ͼĳ̶ֳ˵[ͨ]
һԻ·ʦûоǿ׵İ鸶Ǽܵ£Ҳó
ԣ󵨵Ϊîͺ[]ȷ󣬻̲ס˲Ƶҿһ麢ǵʵ
ԡ
ǵʱ򵱳ȥҵԭ
ͦġ
ڲķʩǸ㵽ȫԸչұЩӣҲһ֤Ǹ⡣
λǿʦƽֲŵһӡģҲᱻ䱾⡣
Ҳʲôᡣ
ϾкԭǰҲȷǷ˼ҵĵ̢һԸҲ̫ȷ̢¾һĵռ˼ɱء
ǰ򣺡
С̢ĺܺóԡ

˲Ųͱֻʵѡ㲻̢֪ûˣҲã
еǸҲǮ
º󲹳һ˵ΪҪ̢С͵ǿ͹ݴʡ
һû˵İҺֵֹĶأᵽ޷Ƶ죬·ʲôõ顣
Ե𣿸оô৵Щڴʡ
ǹȻİ
ٺٵ¶һԻ
·ӲϿСħļǣ̲ס𾪵ĺ
̫ˣϾȻ˻ôóԵƷ¶֣
һ죬îġƷáʣµһǮԷһƷһ˸Ũ顢ĩ
һ׵ı顣
迴ǰС麬壬ʱͿˣü䣬Цļá
򣺡СƷֵСħҲǸ簮С϶æˣȻôô޷죡
èʹ
ſ˵Ľ̸СҲˡ
մӶ¥Ļشһһߣ裬ں˭˵أҲͽͻΪʲô١ۣô⣡
ݵԲԼƯ۾Ȼ۽һ¶˺ͲƵġСèСèҪһצӰĳȥ顣
ôҹġﰡ
ֱ׳ծร

Ƕµ[]֮һݷʱ׼Ʒ
îΧȹǽϣȻִӱóĲǰޱЩƮôͣ
ûйҾûҪ׼㣬ӽҲûΥ[]ݣǷСծ˵ǲڵġ
ȷʵˡ
ǡ
ڵ飬ȥһҸ߼Ʒ͵ԼúһŻԱ˵ԼƷͣŤͷ;·ˡ
šԱ ھַҭ
㵹ǸһѵĻᰡ֪Ҫϵģ
ʵʵϽƻĴˣ
˲֪ϹŶ
ǿʦ߷߿飺˵õĺأ˵õҸݽأ
ҲϹǺģȻ[ʱ]ǰᣬǶԺӽ͵ʱ˵ǡ
˵쿴ؾǲӣ˵гΪʦԸĻһĺ飬ݽ硭ûܡ
ְкܿ͹۵ĺ˵ûԸ
Ψһһî֪[]ݵĻߣգۣ̹ȻĲ廰ŤͷîһҲµʣְ֣Ҫٰһμ𣿡
ëȻƣǼʲôΣǡ̫ˣֳֻܳԣ
趼춮£
ÿκദֶоںһܺദǳҪˡ
򣺡
î
î[]ڸмǿĿע̾˿
ڿɰ᲻˼ҡ
ҲſѧûأһԺִʲһߡ
⣬ƧĻҲòںѣͺͲҲѾӦѧУ
˵ݵԴ
˼Զ
ݹӡҡһ
Ǹˡ
˵鵽ô°
ȷ˲İ׷˿²ͷָָ̧îվŵİף̲ס²˵Ļ
ֶͨС׼۾Ҫ׶԰𣿡
ûУӶѡ
ιιǰɣһģĴ
ţû
Ƿͷ֮ڵǸҲͽҪμŻڻûصҡ
ôԼߵ֮ȻһĲ䣺붼ҼҺӣ[ҼҺӳ]ݵ÷ΧҲǣͬʱҲҸ˵ıΧڣעһ㣬
֮Եһʱ৵̧ۣ˶̲ס¶ϲõı飬֮飬΢΢죬Ҳ̵
򣺡
ʲôҳϢʲô谮ˮƽ
ѲҪ۸Сдˣ
Ǹģûס˿ݣʱе㸴ӡ
⺢ӡԭΪңڿټҸֵСʦˡ
һҡ
Σе
²ۣȴ֪￪ʼµ顣
֣ʲô[]ĴԹȻҲɣǸ[]Աʲôִ𣿡
ܰӢƽ
׵ĺӣҪʲôʵаѵҪǱֵ޲ɱ
ǻôС
î޷Ӷ
ⲻʲôִÿ˶еĻ֪ѡ
ͷһһ롣
գǰ¶Цݡ

ȻţĿม
ԽͶԷദԽʶһ㡣
ħԵ˸
ޱɣûʲôһǿ׵ؼ鲻ǵ˶ͬ졣
ȻһԼô²ˡ
ӱʾ㿴㣬㻹˵㲻Թ飡


63 
ĵһԴͷΪǲȻ
ȻͳһΪӡĸĹĻǿԾϸֵĳһָ
ֻ˺ܹһ۶ͻһǻ۵Լ⣬ʦһ㶼ȥ̽ĵԴ
û壬ҪģΪ࿴Ͼֲ趨װдϡʦǸȥص˽⡣
Ǻæ˽Щֲʲôı䡣
ԡ
îǵһ²̽Դͷ顣
Ȼî̫ⱻ̽Ҳⱻ˴ŵĶЦ䣬ҵļСü
СһҲ˵ĺеϾƽոǵĸоȷุĸСһǾͱ̫ǷҪûʲôϵ
ޱĻԼӰﱧһֻźɫǽӣȻݸԼá
ӹӡ
һ룬¶ԼСһѵͶƺԥİֻΪѩ̫ɡҵϡ
ëסֺڿлһߣߵͣһ˲Ȼ֫ſݡһһȵİŰ׷Դϡ
ΪʽȽҪͨǿöܹ࣬ɵİʲôɾƤëҲûκζӶƤҲֻܸܵƤëQĶƤ
򣺣
ѩ̫ɣָӱһ
ѩָ̫ԥĺŰһţصĳĳǿʦš
ȻʦΪ̤壬һʮĶٶڿգQʮ䵽ٶȱ޺źɫǽֺСѩӡ
î
ͿޣȻݼŵĺʼɤӿ߲͵Ϯ
ŤͷͼһҪڶֻӡ
ѡѹ˳
î
ͳϲ׽ŪҺӡ
ǰ˵δͯδû뵽Ҳûг㳤ûС
鿴ԼС̲ס̾

¼ӽС᲻ᱻ[]ϡܲγ[]ЧӦ⿴BUGܲѡîС[]ӻΧһ飬ûʲôĬ˿С
ϾСȫȫ޷ʹǸ۾Ҳܿͨˡ
Ϊûʲôرģ鷽ŵĻһСʦȻ衣
Ͼλ˼һ£ԼҲǲ⡣
δԭҲûĵͷʱ벻ҲϡеһǡóļС
֪ڿʲôĿǰƺûд겼˵Ĵ㣬ֻһûһţȷڵĵλ״
ǰûûڶʮʦȻܹîƽȺĵ
ûбϣļﲻ̽ꡢȷʵĺϵйԹîĲóԡ
ӵĲȻ򰡣ζģˮζӼƣͼͷڸ㡭
ǿʦޣڴֺͣ決ĸϣʵıСʳǵҼζ١˵ΪͼеζǿеĹϵڵˣ̲סӰѲ顣
ʵϣ͵ġîƽȻʳһ鸽ڲﻹм
Ƥ׷ʾһĻȫ㡣
ܣ˭Ҫ
׷һûס¶һŵı飬ͬʱ·Űһ
ѾǧںңȻֻԵһƷС
ڵģ
ǸΪݷõ̫⧲ûжĵĸˣҪʱͲϡڼûҲûʳĸµˡ
ԲԼǶԲ֮ͫһ¿ҵı顣
װ硪
ϣд񻨣ߡ
Ҫٰʲôףɶԣ
ٰɶԻûƷ
Ҳš
Ҫſ˵ЩʲôʱΪŻӳٻؼҵҲڽˡ
ͬʱŮ
һˣ
ˣ
һǽͽҲˣڿĲһתȥţȻȸԾ˵ͻӭؼң
ѾŮҲͽػЬO@Ĵڡ
ͣGЬ˭ģ裬𣿡
е㾪档
Ҳ֣Ͼͥ⣬һ㲻дˡ
ߵĹţǰǵ̢С͵ˡ
̢С͵Ҳͷ󣺡ţǽˣ
裺˵ɣ
һһߡ
ʮٺ췢׵ĺͿǡŤͷ˶ߡ
΢΢ۣӴĶסˣ
ܹرյ[ֱ֮ħ]ͬǶ[]ʱضڷá
۹˵î[ħ]Ҫһöֻ࣬ܿԭҲ֮ߣȻ֮ԼжƲۣҲ˵⣬вڱ֮¡һʶ֮ߡ
ߵߣ̬дΣպͲζ
[]Ը״ĶȻҪԶԶîˮƽ
Ҳڵ[İ]ӾܣȻҪîҪϸĶࡣ
üͷ΢𣬿ʵٱüѹȸУԭҪ˵ĻҲ׵Ժ󣬲ŵһ˲ķǳأЦҲ˲١
ٺ췢ꡭڲ˸ؼ顢ޱӴֿĿ塣
𣿲̫һƺ̫أƺҲȫûйϵ
ְ
ǣ֪Ϊγ䵱ٺ췢ƺȫƿסڵĴڡ
״·ʱܰ⺢ӳ˺÷һ㡣
ƫƫûôǺһ΢ƽ⡣ȷĻһֻԸ£צתҪС°Ūľޣ
ȤȻеͷ
洨֮ͽ洨ͨͨķʦ֮ǸСȽ⣬ܹҲʦеġ޷ͨˡࡣ
ԭҲȻһ
ĬĬĬŤͷīĲ֮ͫĺİɫӡ
оǰֻܹһȻҲͽ洨ûΪһ̸ǹʵ飬ʵеھƭˡ
׼ġ
һֻ麱ס˻ݺͲ衢ûκ˴Լ뿪ΪͽȻðһɱ鷳ŵԤС
򣺵ȵȣǴծģΪʲô鷳ķң
׷ʦãȻֻԼͷΧҪ̫ˡ
һֳ̱ɳϣܲҲûʲô󿪿ڣһ£
Ҹո˵ҲҲҼҺӡ
վߵٺ췢ߣһڶԷͷ˵
ԭҲʱ̧ͷ[ҼҺ]仰Ȼ
ƶ߳ⷽ΢ơ
ûмĸҲ͹ʧȥĸҴδ׵Ľ洨öλ[]һļԳŨ㽡
ʵǸ壡壡ʲô飬ֲȫϵ˻漬֡
ֻ϶ҪԼĺˡ
ܹȷȤС޺Ҳ϶ղߡ
ôȤСһֻܡ
ĸ̣麬Ҳסˣ󺣰еŵİˣʶ̧ץס·
·Ҳîֽ̧ԼĹβȦȱߡ
îȻ˳Ļڵ[İ][]ôƺǸġ
һй[İ][]Ĵ˵
Ȼһ̡
ȵȣ㲻ҪңСǰ޲ֱըġ
îز˵ˡ
ҲڳĬвԶ
--------------------
лҪ˵
ҰƬͷս͸һ䣬ҪˣץҲ¼
èèԼˣΪֻ̫Ĺϵʵʹײܱȫɰȡ


64 
֪޲ǰһδܶ⹫ԭĿɲըγɵİԲӡ
ٳûдӵ£ָƶʼѸײڶ֮סУΪȫձҵƶߡԭѾʽΣ¥ͷܵƤڲֵͿԴգǻǲġ
ֱоȻô޼ҿɹƶ񡢹¶˺
[İ]ĴԣҲǴҵƶߴġ
ɢԵģӦǵڱըԵˡ
ǰľбѣûбǿҵĶͶĤľʹӳ˼ţڱըСߵӵıأȻű𺳵հ׵뵽Ŀ־壬һʱĿǳְͬ㷴ıըַ
⼸ҪȾƲʡ
žڶŨŨĺ̳þδƽϢ
ըĳӴŵζܳˢź涼˲Ρ
һʱ·˶ɥʧ
ֱ֪ĸ˺һ£Ĵ亹ֵĺһ[]
ԴˣĴԿʼ

ʱ佥ԭҲЩķǳǳٵһֹԼǰ˵ӵ[ʶ]ǰļƬΡ
ȥ˯һƬڵĻ統С
ʲôûУʲôо
ֱĳһ죬֪˭֣ӻдȥ
ţǴıը
ڱը֮һʲô֪ûа㳣ʶٺ췢Сӵģһۡ
ԭҲĿˡ
벻ˡ˵ûиļ䣬»ôɡ
˫ۣܿܵĵȷȷһʽӴ硣
ԭҲϲ[]ҲԼΪ[]
ԸӵϧԼļˡ֮ͬŨϵĸԴıһҡ
ҲһĶԴÿһѺͰԼˡ
î˵Ҳ⵽˼㣬˶[]¡
Ҳӵ
Ȼⲻͻ׷Ѱȥ
ǻŻٶһЩ[Դ]
֪ԼĶ֪Լʲô
ĩܵ޲ǱйҲžǳ
[]Ļ[İ]˾η־塢Ϊ[İ]Ҳ޲ִһԺü临ӡ
޲ֵĿɲַѡҲãȻԼ
ʵ˵һîĴʵþ̲Ҳ˿
Ȼ֪֮ζܻųԼҲһҲӵһͬ[]ĳߡȷʵҪġ
ԭҲĵ衣
ҲԼ˵ԼͬǷ㽣ҲҲڱʵ쳣ʱ¶̹Լ뷨
ԵĵһΪ˹ͨʹС
ô˵
ܶͿԸ⽫ıĵƽͨĻ඼ܹӭж⣬Ҳܱܶìܺ⡣
ȻкúñõϰߡҲΪҳǳÿӵ֣ضԴйϵԸԸɽ뷨ϰߣں̶ܴ϶˵̬Ƚ
îչôĺӼţǼ⡣
Ϊÿ˶֪Լиʯ̵ĺܣһȺӱ˴˵ļˡ
޲ֵıը򡭡ҡ
޲ִе[]˵塪ԭҲ̹Լ֪һС

ҶϣҲȥİ¡
ΪҲļ䡢ըصĳʶȱǴŲʲôõĹȥƲɵĳ̸ǱըԴ㡭˲ɲ²֡
ǶҲܵҲᱻ鷳
ԱҺͽ洨˵ߵǲûϵ
Ͼ֮䶼໥Ӻų⣬ǵвٳԱĶų⡣
ԣ⼸Сһԣǲ[]ͲҪᡪϲĳǸࡣ
ûʸ񡰷񶨡ҲĴڡ
Уκ˳֣ʱƽһ˲˵߾ͻữȮĽ洨֮ŻǳֱӱöԷ֪ʲôġ񶨡
ҲҪ֮˶ԼĹĺ͵ǣҲȷδܳһʱûﵽ޲ִȥƺѾ̽Լ
ĲȴԷˡ
ԣîҲ֪ˡ
ǸССǮˣҲδֹͣѧϰ㹻̺ܹٷְٳרһµʣîһʱϹŶ˸ϵϳʱϹŶ
îһֱ̽µ׬ǮʽϾԽ࣬Ҫ㹻ƲîҪ׬ǮԽࡪһ곴׬Ǯġ
ǮȻѾʧî˴Ǯȥе[İ]Ϣ
繵ֽͨĽʽ
ȻİµϢʵռƺѾΪ˹һܡܵص㱣
ˣîֻõһ΢鱨
[޲Ǹλãը¼ǰиʵңİǸʵҵĲҲ֪Ǿ˻Ƕʲôڻ治ڡҲ]
нαip͹㱨
[ϢѾҲˣһҾѾѾ]
[ʵ˵ºйأǵ˻˵ܹƽƽı׷ûܴõࡣ
˿ӦҲ֪޲ֵģǸɲıըѾݻһУԱǸˣҵ鱨ޣϢˡ]
î˸ɿ¼ɾϢ
֪òð¸Ҳ
ʵҳܷΧӴ塢ҲɵļƬκ俪˺޳ʶ¶״̬ؼ·ָһ𰸡
îҲ̸ġ
ĳֻʹĻ䣬ȻҪ֪𣿡
Ѿ˲١¶ҲҲĬһᣬȻ˵Ҳᱻȥ˺Ϊӵ㹻ůҲᱻڹΪ֪Ҫǰߣֻ̽ǲԼĴһ֪Һʲô飬ֻǾãұ֪ʲôҵ֪һ᲻ٸΣա
ǰǳ˲صıըҲҪٿڶΡ
ͬΪîĬãκٺ췢ССһʵӵ
㲻κΣգҲͷŶͷɤͳһһ˵
ͬʱî˴Ǯȴ޼鱨֪ҲҶŵܰ㿡ǷǷƽĿʼ˼ôΪԷ̽µϢ
˵îе簮Լҵĺˡ
ֻîڶ¹ɵĺǱֵøİ

ֲڻԾˮƽһ˲½ȫ͵ԭҵˣ񡭡ȻֻǸƺЧͼ¼ԣȷеǹеаʲôģGǼҲλͻ񣿹ඣѵʲô𣿡
Ⱦ鷳йŵĿЦȻҲĿ⵹ǲôˡ
ʵҡ⵹ȫϡϡ
ڱը¼˵̽ļ¼۵һ˿
î˵ĶģʵҪȲ²Ҳ
İ³ʵңʵİµĿġ
Ѿߵһ塢ȥЩ۵ԭҲ˳Ĭ
Ҫʲôİµ𣿡
ŤͷîǰǷѾʽӹҼλĿľΪɣһ鱨޷ܣ֮һļͶȥˡȻǸƻ϶
îƽǸҡ
Ļʼ磬Ȼ棬ΪʲôҪô⺢Ӷƽƽߣû֪ǻİ£𣿡
һûκ֪
îͷٺ췢С꣬ҲҪ˽Լʸ֪ԼĳҲϣںƽһֱ鷳⧲취ӦԡԣкʵĺҲȥʲô¡
ԭҲץ·ȻҪ˵˵Ļ
Ǹ鷳ĹѾһҴ޳ĵڣ۾һת̯֣Ҳ׹
îڲǣҼҺӵ£ҿһæ
šװ˼ĿⰵʾԷǳǿͣǸûڲϡ
ҵյҲԷָ㡣ǰһʶ򣬵ΪҲ˵ڶ꣬㶼ûϵ
ûе̵ҪȥСӵյ⡣
ֻǺܺƤļУֵĲ͵⡣
ƴݷˮ⵱Уζģʣֶһ顪˵Ǹ˸ŨʵĵǲǸӰ
֮ڳԵƷʣǱӡиζƷֱֻζҸҪڻĴèһڵϣɲһֻֻѵҲ
ԽȷΪȷˣ
ʮʦЦݷǳãڳԵһζĵҾ;ҪǼҳΪһӵѣ
跢ߺˮǵÿ㹤ɹôˣȻĻ´οܲ㿪รС͵
ǻ˵һĽҿǿġ
ְֲǿӡ
ѾȥˡҡһָЦĶͲ趷죬ǰ˵ҿɲְ֡
ĵ룺ڵîٶĻڳؼʱҪκǰ£һܰѶԷ
ȻֻŵĿ˶ѡ
ǴذжҪٵҲֲҪ֧ߺ˵ֳʤսǿɲʲô򵥵һƬ֡һɽܹġ
äĿվְ֣ʲôΪīͿ˵Ϲ
ҿûϹ˵ҾīҲܿ飬˵Ҳǲ䡣
ԲԼĴ۾
һ룬ŵֶȤζĴèըëСʼ˽첻֪ڶٴСѧɳ컥ģʽ
--------------------
лҪ˵
ߵҲǱ塢Ǳ¡+˸·ߣȷǺκͬȸĴڡ
16С˵Ҳǲףѡ˷˵Ľ


65 
Ȼһλ֮Ŀˣջǿֵ˳ȹˡ
洨֮ԼõĸѸһɫȹںڶǳɫ仨ƵĳȹҲýѧһƵԼ㻨ǮһɫϸֹˮƽɫĽڼĲַֻһһĿɰżùԹԵģأݵĻڿҲ֮Ͳ󣬻ĩʱȥҵػصĹ䣬СȹӴһԺʵЬ
ʣµڤ˼룬ڼӵĽ£ȥѡһ׵ľСһÿϸ۾ߡ
Ҫڻȥһ𣿡ڴʡ
ɰСͯǽ洨ϲĵͷ
صԼ䣬һ󣬺ڷŮ΢ıŽ͸żӶ¥
ȴϸϸʹҴ̤СЬСܵîǰﻹץŵϸһӵݸ顣
С¶ڴî԰Ұһͷ𣿡
Ȼ
˭ܾһСһ򵥵أ
îº͵Ľӹķ
ԭ£˫ĸͬϸϸǳı˸ŷĿɰ̷
ȫһи㶨֮źվãȹڣ߳Ȼתȹתһɫ˻΢ŮЦҸĿԼļˡ
ѾʮĽ洨ոͻһûá
ϸȴΪкúúֵܽһԵʣɫȥܺãΪͿʼʽӰӽģؽ磬ְҵϸҪԼһҲͬԵ˿
ƤڷپƯһɫΪɫĿڳȹȫµĴЩɫǳɫϸڴ׺ǸСŮ
ܺÿ
ΪѪֳÿշصĽ洨֮һʱۣĬĬԼֻһƬ
Ѿ 
һŻȻĵͷ
Сͽͽһÿ
ͽЩƣƽնǺԸ񡣵ͲһˣڲͬСһͽȫһֺͣöĿɰСÿ춼лľ
ü
һһȵգÿһ궼Ǿϲ
šˣҾȻʲôû׼
Ϊ䷹һִ̫ûȻӲ񣩵ͷűҺڵĳ̲סһֵס򦣬˼
һ룬ҵμȻʲô
ǳڿ﷭ֽʣȻ²滭
Ȼֽݸ
ǡ
[һȯ]ร
ĬĿּֽġһȯ֣ͿѻСˡ׼ȷ˵Ի
˵´ҹʱȯҶһһᲹģȻָҲŶǽ԰ɣСʲôҪ𣿡
Ŀ𡭡ͷеܳǿˣҲ֪գʵûϵοʵҲæı֮һ
ڰ֣Ĵߴ٣вյȴףġ
ζ²С̴žž죺ߺߣѾ͸ˣֻҪˢСѵĺøжȣԺͿ뵱вƷ
֪Եգۡ
ͷ˼ðκ˫̧[һȯ]ǳòĵݸ˰׷۵꣬ǷǷ
ôϣõҲϢİȫ
īɫ峺ĵӳŴ˵
벻Ҫż飬һҪעԼİȫܽôǶܸлİ
һۣȻҲѧǷǷ˵˾עⰲȫ
ֹ֣ЦЦелԲ١
գһԼĲɫ
̲סЦ
ֵĽӹֻûõ[һȯ]ڴȻϵԼĴĴָ
УҰɣ˵زҪʧˣҿɾ̫ˡΪһǿѣҲúúС

úýϵʽص˶ֿʼעļ¼
鵽ײһɵġ
Ͼô˵[İ]ͺ籬ը¼Ѿǰˡ
⣬Ϊ˲ѱǣȥڵ鿪ʼǰûپжǿ첻ȥˡ
鷳ม
ȻУ׷ʦڴڼ仹ʱʱ·ſڣַĴèһСѵУ϶ĵġ
Ȼîԡ̫áǿмͶι
򣺡ްʽأŲ
ΪСһ֪ԽԽĵîޱǷĿڿһûС
îǳϣУ㲻ҲܵԣӪ䷹ҵû
ֻ顣
Ȼ󡭡ͺĬĬˡ
Եķǳ֡
ǵģӦüСƷʳȨģֻĲʲôúóԡ
Ա˵
̫Ȥˡ
ֱǴδйͨ޶飡
ңԾֻ
ʱڱҲʲôǿʦʲôҵļʲô[][]̳ˣǸ䷹쵰
ʲôòĵĴֶ˼С棬ԻСĶͲһʳ
żһЩڸ߲ӵ²ۺͱԹԵõǸĸ뷨ͽ顣
񳤱ʦ
롣
ԣʮʼĻڴ˼ʹϵ¼ڳϢʱ䣬߶ȹ
Իȡ
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ദľˣǰӽһ˽⣬ʵѾʮϹŶûʲôƢʼ֪ԶԴСķʽԴԷ
ؼϢųԷʳΪ
ĳ֧֧᲻ԸĵǸȴֱ׵дš´λҡĸ֡
î̲ס̾һСĲ軹Ȳϰ
ٲʳڱԹԳȥ򱻵ֻ뷽跨Ĳ
Ժ̫࣬һܺӣȻԷѾʮͳˣî̾Ƶʶˡ
ץŻݵĹһͨ࣬δйϵʱʱ۵ĹҰĹ۲ĳֻ顣
֪Ϊʲô뺰ְֵǳǿҡ

2014Ѯ١
Ǹͯǡ
ͬ֡
ڽӵµӰ³ʽˡ
ͷϲӰعŮ顷ڶ 浣Ůǡ 


һ ΪܺĹϵӰԵǿ£Ӱӹ˾ʽȷ˵ڶ㣬ΪݡŮعɫһߺĽ洨Ȼٶյ˲롣 
ĩһʵ㣬ȡպλںл֡
ݡ֮Ͳ趼ȥΧˡ
ҲŻۻᣬţîĻȥ
Ȼ״ΪԳɺѧϰִ֪ʶԵʶӭ˫DDLҪΪʼѧϰʶ˹ʱ䡪֮ܶîǩԼС˵綼˴ߴ١
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β˧ĺɫ׺Ͷ̿㣬װһСƤѥȥºıΪĹϵһ˲ͱ˧קҲǳ
СīҲϣǳʱͶغҪǰսǷǳŵĵǳ֪𣿡Цеĵº͵Ķ˵
šѾϷ˵Լĸͷ
С˧
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ģҼܺõģЦЦȻתŬȺĿ꿧ȥ
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ڽҲߣ𱣻Էȫ͸ʧҲָָ֮֯صؿճͨеС·
·ҪȥĿڱϰҶ
ҲָָǰǼҿȻ󲽷СܹȥıһȦԶԶͬ麰ҵĵ͵Ķرóԣ֮ûǮġ


66 
Ϊ⣬˵Ĳٵ򿧷
·;ڼ䣬Сײһʮꡣ
ԷһͷԳʵĺڷͨͨţпͶ䣬ϻһ󱳵˶б䵭˫ֲ嶵ʶͷ۲裬ڷԷֻǸСŮ󣬾ĵ̧üƿߡ
Բ
ĵǸû˵꣬λֱ뿪ԭأͷҲصһ߽˿
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֣ܣǡ
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ѩĲʻƵĴ󳦷Ȧ˸ɵĵββǵһߴ£΢ĿԱСƺոոͣߵһ˽Ĳº͵߹ȥʵ
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㣬ܽһ²𣿡߸߾һֻ֣΢죬Ŭѹɤʡ
Ȼԡ
㶣գһۣȻ¶Цݡ跢λС۾ǷǳƯķɫЦ˸оۡ
ԷƺϲСӣע⵽ԼỺһ㡣
СָָһԵ¥ݣȥ¥ϰɣһ¥ŮеС⣬û취ʹá
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һλһϵԵԱ־ҰӴǡ
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عŮ顷ⲿҲڲǰƺΪҪĵڶ ӰԺõ˰ȨǿʼƬӳǰӪȶȡ 
Ǹʱ֮֯лҰȥġ
ΪعŮԱݡﰢǧ갢ǧһڶϷı׼̾ԱϷʱ仯Ϸ׼̶ȵŲɶע˼֡
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δش𡰺òóԡҲԴ۾һ£ȻǷȤһʱǳƵûĽֱӸǰʮŮԼͷã
Ƽˮܣҵ֮ζ˵һģȻĽ˹ҲܲǴԵˣҵıܵˣ
Ա־ҰһôĲ˹׵ǻʹıܣͬɫѩ򣬰˰ˮ˵ɿѩ
⡢û˵ҪŸǹԵĲ㶣Ȼ˶ˡ
ۣԼôһݱãҰְ־ԲġĽ
Ҳ˵ֻ¶ı顣
Ȼȴܿ¶ͬ飬ССҡԴ֯α֤á
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Ϊɽţʮְ꣬ҵǿԱ
Է浹ڲĲͷһûǹˡոǹ죬ӵǽˡ
ͬһʱвߵĺɭףʮ꣬ԷŲţű򿪵˲䵹ڲſڣûֻǻԲѣϻմȾѪͬʱǹպڶԷֱ߲Զ
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Ǹֱִ֣оҲͲӦûܺá


67 
ѾˣеǹᴩˣûΣѪֻ̫࣬һˣǵۼСûͶʱڱ㣬ǵϻٷͶҩ
һͷɫ̾ı¾ƽüͷţߣٵļߵСĴʬĿڴзǮﾯһ߿ŶԷļһŤͷԼͬ飬
⣬ƺûϵе˲ųصȷжǱأ
ֳһ˺ʾǵſڵɭס
һǸӡ
cԭжӻ˯ɭ׿ڴзҺ״ƷƬ״Ʒϸܣȷ˶Էֱ鷺෺ϵۡ
źܾˣкüۺ£ܲǰྐྵҩ
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һֶƷص»ãΪƷԵʶɱ˵ѾϡˡӸҩþӵԵӲ˹ԴĿ°ڡ
һӣѹ󻹻ʧȥҩʱػþͷµȫ䣬Ƕⲻֻᶥһãŵҡͷ˵Լû¡
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ǾܵǷȻԣųԭ򣬱Ͼǿǹᴩˣ߲󣬳ֻ˵Ǹոպõĳ̶ȣҪȫ̴һ˵ĺҪɲС̶ֳȵӡ
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оԼ©ʲôƽ롣
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νֱԲԣʵǹڻԾĴʶӾϢݵ鱨һֽ۰ˡ
λﾯٿѯڰʮʱԴĹעűѯߵͶ
жʵͻԣԲ˵ǳ򵥡
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Ͼ΢顭Դ˵Ǹ£Ҳû˻һӺ֤ݵָء

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˵ҾֻȥСѣͳˣûʲô˵ġӦĵҳĻ棬ǼһʱҲɣ
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68 
ߵµλһ䣬Ǳкˤƫƶϣе˲ǺͲԵλá
֮֯Ǹ䣬ŰѰڶһ£ģһῪŵĶ˼
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⵹ҲʲôӲԹ涨ֻÿԱԷѡѡȻ֮֯ҲȷжҲǰԳ̽ʵеΪĸо
ȷڶھǰ˵ԼܵĻͦһ
ˣ֮֯һԼΪװ̽ĳԱߡ֡
λcԭжһǸɱֵ֮֯һ۾ԤҪСᴩߺҪСֱжһضӡǸոտĹҩܹӵе
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Ļۡϡ٣һ˵ʱٻὫ߷ڲοҪڣҪضѾųϣŻῼǷȻԡ
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ĲѹĺҲӣðκŲ̫Ըָ̧֣16иԭҴ
λ磬ԭҴ
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·ۼһ㡪ʵϣֻǴӴ˵̸ԻԵжҰ۲Уģ⻹ԭɱʵʩȫ̶ѡ
ܹͨ΢жϻԵĲѷף˵ھǵõ𰸺ƹһ㡣ǰᣬưѶȱͽࡣ
裺ԭҴߺ͵һˣȫҿĳܹͣõߵĴݲ֣ǰ˱ЯʽĻأںʵλáǴڵߺܹԶջߵװýϵĶ;Ǵ򿪲ŵһ˲佫繭㵯߱ᴩԭ򡣡
֣Ļʲôغ͵ߡֳûֶĺۼรƾɲư
ҡͷһû˵ꡣ
ԭ龰
Ϊ˱ڰװص;˽ԭҴװȥϲ·;нŮſڷŵ[ά]Ƶм䡣
һ˶Ϊˡ
뿪ǰԭҴڲ۵ĵطװ϶һڵĶһʼ߶Ÿ߷ϢָǰԤص㡣
λиԭƻӦɱɽź뿪Ƶ棬㹻ߵҲ㹻ϸͨСĴȥղڵĵߣȻͬķʽ뿪ֱӽ
˵⣬˾ӦûҵߵֻֻһϢȻ޷ȷݣһǰԤصݣֻˣôǱˡ
δ뿪֤һ㡣º͵ָԵì֮⣬뾯ȥɣһûֻСѣõġš͡ӦáĴʻ̫ˣɲֲȷĲ²ⶨ۵ĳϡ
裺ǵģûУΪļƻˡҲԭΪǻûʶִһס
裺Ǿ㣬С㡣
ԭҴһ˿ҡ
ҧҧٵļ˵׼ȷ˵Ӧ֪Ҫɱˣܵ㣬Ҫ㷸ֹ¶ƻȻĬһλ㡭ķж󣬻ҵҪ
裺ʶҹϵܺãˣǷѪԵܵĹϵһǵĳ֪ˣ֮ΪĹϵӲʲôĵԭҲ֪ҲʹãֻԶԶûôˡ
ֵЦʧˡ

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Ҫɱɽţ󲢲ϣԷϱһҪԼȥ£ƶ˸Ƶļƻ
ֲͬ⣬ͬϣԷִҪԼȥ
ǲڿſںײʱ۵׽ź͵ǵԴ
ԭҴƺİţĵȴô¡
ж죬֣˶Է˹ĿȣʹԷòŪһݡ
ȻöԷȵڼ䣬ʼԼļƻ
ĿװõĸߡħֺɣĹ죬ļƻ˳ƶŮſڵ[ά]ƣ̵ʱڲڰװԼĻءɣȻȻĻصԼλϡ
ԭҴʼ߷Ϣ
ɽűǸԱʵǷģɭͬ
ԭҴԹ˿͵ͶԷϵˣԼ˽ףصþǿһ䡪ԼλãûϵԼᱻɱ
ڿŶվȥĲɽźʶʲô
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ݺݵһۣȻƽصİ취
ҩʱҩ׶ŮҲòǰ¥ԭŮ룬ѵЬǽ˴ԲĽýηȥŮƶвޡ
ĵߣߵֻŸɭ׽
֪һڣڲڼƻĶûж
վűߣɭ׽ʱѸȻϽ˲ţͬʱڳɱŵơ
ԷǸӣǷͬϴӲȱƷԷע˴ĶöԷһԴڸҩĳɷ֡
Ȼ˶Էǹװõһ֡һܹԶϸߵװǹİϣȻСĽǹĴһŷ죬ߺͻװ׳ȥӾǣȻߵλãߵŵ׵ķ϶ȻǹŰϡ
ֲЩʱ̫ˣһ޵ʱ䡣˻صŮ޺ƻˮܣˮʪ桪һԱ־Ұ֪ŮеСϣ»ᱩ¶
װɨˮµ߳һ۲Χһ˲ǸССװ
ֽ[ά]ƷŻŮ޵λãȻߣϸ͸߱ߵ㹻Զ֮˰ť
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СѣֱܴͷˡСһ÷ǳº͵Ŀ⿴Ų裬´һ֣´ͷβġ
ҵʱ곤ڿǰ㹻ʱǰûأλ֪飬ԣɱˣյߣ޻ɭ
ԭҴɫ˲ҰףޱȽҪڷȻѾҡҡͷ԰ס
ɱĲ㡣迴־ҰһȥǸʱһǷǹŵأ
־ҰҡͷûйأΪһպϴ̨ҼǵúǸʱĲֻһˡ
رȻǹŰõģȻ߲ô⧲ıС
ԣڿǰŵġ
ҧסԼ´
ô˵¾ҲаװõĿ԰ɣǵһģҲһУɸٵĿڹ
ᡣҡͷ֮֯֡
ʵ˵֮֯һųľ־Ұ
ΪλԱȫд˽Ҳ
Էɱ˵ͼλ·ž籾һҲǵһˡ
Ҳ˵Ҫ۾ʵϣҪκζĸ
ڲǱڷʱܻ̽øֽó۾ʾ⣬ȻǰֹֹĲҰ
ˣֽ㡣ԭҴһɫҰ׵С㡣
ʮиǰ̧ھǰƽĿڣǸСŮƲֱĿƵģɱǼһ˾ҡ


69 
һƬž
ɫҰ׵ĿŲʮĸԭҴԹ˫֣Ȼϱ
˲䣬оԼʧˡ
ǻǲء
ŷһɫºŮ޿κεԳζһѿЦݣ˵ŲĵĲ
ֻкķﾯڳĻһ
һ˳ɻȥɣ
ԭҴĬţȻ ֽ㣬ͺܺˡ
ûлӦ
Ϊĺɫ̫ÿ
ͷСɽصĵͿһλС㣬ǴӷҲѲڵķԿܻڷͥϱسͷؿڡ
ȷʵˡȻôţȴû˿ľš
ȻһºͣСɽĿȴǳ䵭ǻڵʲôأҪԼԼ𣿡
ֺһԼ֡
ôУڣӷҲҪһ鱻ġ
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û˻ڳ䶨ʱĸһϻȴãĺѰ𰸵ʱ䡣
죬˫ץԼ°ڡ
ʮŮҿ˿ԭҴֵǶԱã޴ĹۣɰͰ͵૿һ䣺Ϊʲô
Ҳ֪ԼҪ֪ʲô𰸡
Ϊʲô
ظһ顣
Բ˵ĸԺԺֿһ˲
ڽ⿪ʱԵһѧУõϰ⡣׼ȷ˵ƵȫԽͣͨ۲Լķ̶Բ˵ȤζȤһ㣬
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ͨԷʱϸڣдԷ
Ҫеأܹ˼׷𰸡ڲ̲͵Ⱥ˵һȤϷ
ӺʱܹԼĲ֮ͬ˵ǣӵڳ˵Ķͬʱͬӵмߵ̣һܹԶļҡ
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ԽܿͻԵ˾Խ˽αһ棬ҲԽײ
費һ
аĵΪ֣ǱҲϨСֻ̫̫ὫĶմֻ¹âů
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޴ڵĻԺα룬ǿĲȥԷѺչ¶αԭ
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ĹҲõһɱĲãͶҡ
ΪĹ۲дУֻԭҴǴͳϵĶˡ
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ѩĲʻƵĴ󳦷Ȧ˸ɵĵβŮԶ
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ԷķǳϲСӡ
趨Ŀ֣𣿳Ѿûбİ취𣿡
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ҲŬѰȻֻһδʧÿ춼ҪǸһѾ˴ˡ
ҰܵܣûѪԵϵ
ֻǹ¶Ժһ𳤴󣬲ԭҴˣҳˣʣµСǸڹ¶Ժұ׬ǮȶסͰӳġ
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Ǹһ÷ǳķʽ׵ĵܵܵ¶ԺǱȴֻ
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[Ѫȵ][]ŵƽcԭжĬˡ
ںصĹ䵽ʲôΡѾ׿ˡ
ʱЦЦûбİ취ˣҵѾִ˼ޣΨһҺڵģֻûܼʱֹԭҴɱ飬Ӧɵģ
λŷɫƯŮԷǳǳº͵ĿŲ裬һ˲䣬ֱ縧һŮˡ
ûʲôλ̽С˵ʹΪɺйΪɷµɱûеõʱľδҵġ
ͷԼ֣Ǹע˹Ʒļһﲻ֪ܻܲʵ˵ǱҲɱ뷨ȥģΪҾǼһҲʲôö
ʲôʱôµأȻȫ޶ԡ
˳ġʲôҲøӵˣһʲô
᲻ΪԼӵȨأ
룺ġ
ͻһεߺ󣬷ŭ޻ή͡
ֱۣͲ
¶ûжԴԣΣֶӱܳͷллֹҡ
ԭҴ˵Ķԡ
ͺܺˡ

ܵصĳ
̵Ĺˡ
Լļȥȴٳٵò˾ĹСҲλСһƵ
վԭأߣٳûж
͵ķһ̡ƽĲļ˼˺ܾã˵һǽŵùʦٿԱ֤ǵ˾нǺġ
Ƶĵͷ
˵ܲ
ʲôãȻ̧ۡ

һͷɫ̾ƽЦݣȻĳ⣺δȤҾ츳ม
˼һ¶ԷĽ飬Ȼҡҡͷ
Ҫ̽
ҡͷ
ǿ̫źˣһΪʲô𣿡
ԴðκСڣΪû취ӸϽ⡣
ƽգۡ
죬Խᶨ
һֱҡΧ۵ĽҲЦǻŶ
迴Է¶ЦݣҲ࣬ǿġ
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ƽǴʲôգ
Ҳ١һȻߵǰ˫ֲ װ̽繤ŶԺпտ棬Уֻóǽһµ绰롭ţɣδܹͺ򽻵ȤģȻ㳤ûбĴˡ
棺һŬĴ˵ġ
õŵҲˡ
ֱľҲˡԱҲı˵ݰݣ֮֯뿪˿
ҲܿͱԼλھȺʱֳΧ
ûЦ˻ݺ֮һһӵ
߰ɣȥСţǣˣһúõء

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ϡ
費ͷְֵķ䣬Ҫʹһ˯
Ƥ׷СһԴ𣿡
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
̧ͷůɫŴδϨǹ⡣
ޱĿڣǵî[Լ]棺ǵģҪΪܹӸϽĸ״ܹıִ
î˴
Ų裬Щ㱡
[ҪΪܹıˡ]
ʱҲ˵ƵĻ
ǻǳ࣬ҪǳǳŬܲһܹɹѹĴۡ飬ѡ·̫ѣĿ𣿡
ԭԳΪǵСġ
һɹġüֻҪȥŬ㹻ˡ
îڳĬ󣬺Ͳͷͷ
ôȥɡ
ô˵ţɤơ
Ȼ¶˾ģôҾԶ֧Ǹ


70 
20141231գձգϦһ㡣
îڼ׼ҹδһԵ[]
ΪϹŶƳÿĩҹǳĹ̶ѭͳ档
Ȼӣиر֣Խ
˵нٺ߲˵˼˵ҧϵܹնȥĶˡ֮˼Ԣ⡣
ĩճ棬ձӽʱһֱĴͳϰס
î׼֪ǰÿιʱ򣬾ͻԸԼ׶׼һڵ档
îüβҵĩųû취ĸһ֪꣬Ҳǧî滹ӪҵСúóһ룬ҪһҪǰꡣ
ǰȥ˺ͲңѰףĴʱһҪ¡ضԴС
Ǹڻͷ˿ȸһĴô˵һ㶯
ϣҵîܹµһ˳˳١
֪Ӿͨͨĸһÿһ궼ôΪԼҺԸ
îĻзǳõƬΡ
ĸḧԼͷ֣ǶʢǻСϪˮͶԷǼŵĵ޹ζÿһϸڶڵޱȻ
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Ȼʼ׼ĺʱͷ[]
ԽǽԵģ[]ǰԵġ
չȥ˵ǰǲģ˵Ϊ˱⾪ŵîҪһǰ׼[]Ȼе¯Ҳ󷹣΢е߼ӵĸо
֮һʮϹŶǴ㰴ϰõ¯һ£ϾСƺȽϲڵʳ
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Ŀڡÿ궼ᱻîһҲڣѾַŹַԵһֻܹаˣǵÿڶѾഺڣСĲ趼Ѿʮһˣڷзͻ󣬶ôһֻƽʽĵҲ࣬ȻԵҲ١Ѿǳɹˡ
ˣîҪ׼˷ݡ20 ܹά֪λķ㣩ϸϸڷںüߵ
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ӰæµϣĻûͣζҲϵڿС
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Ѿ߲ٵĻͷǶԴʯһ۾εĿŲ裬룬ӹ﷭һװС𿪺߹ȥݣһ̰ɣְҲܺóร
ſȮϣСһۣȻ⧲һҧס˻ݵݸ
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׷껹źɫƷӻһΧƺǸոսܹˡ
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Һ˵Ҫ񡭡ҾСҲĹĵģһ˵ͻͣҵĿĵҪһͷ£Է˵ҾȨͷˣԼôô㣬Ҫꡣ
ԡǴỹʲô
¾ͰԼһݵԵʣȻ²ʵ

룬ڱ¯￴׸սѽԳСģÿ궼ร׺ǿתӣȻ󡭡̻Һ˵ÿ㶼ųƯ̻ԺӸպÿõ
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GϳһĴèУҲǿÿȥװģ
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Ȼ󣬰׷ԼǷݼ˺óԵ츾޺ȹˡ
ۣԼӵ츾δҲ̫ˣ迹飬ȥԷ츾ޣΪʲôҾ
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ԭҲֲҵĳϴǩСǳͬĻһȫ¯һȦ
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ԭҲòϴ룬ȥ˵ˮкö˳ŤͷҲϷС
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ŤͷҲɫĴ۾
ҲҧסܹϵĶһ٣ķëεգۣû㵱֡ҶָһϲͨҵʱҲֻһ׸衣
裺ѧֻҪȤʲôԳ԰
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Ͳȥΰ˰ɣҪճͷ˵˵ǼѾλˣûҪôԶȥΰ
СŵîҲ֪㶡
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ѾٵطСһվîҲ˰ѡһĲΰ̣˺ͻˣ뱣ҽܹ˳ߣҪͰְһߡ
îԼߣܰɡ
ҲԼߣ
Цһ
ѾŮƺСŮǿɲʲôֻԶѣȥΰݻǵȥΰݡҪúøлȥĺˣΪµһԸ
îĴڡ
ڻججõС̫ӵԽԽҸͽһΪĶ͡
ruaָõӣһǵһμȥΰݵġĲ᲻𣿡
ᣬĿݰɡî˵ûбܾ̫ˡ
룺ʦ߼ڰɡ

żӦһҲûʲô
Ͼ͵飬Ҳʲôֵ顣

̻îվڳ׼õ˳
񣬾ѹǮ
Ƥ׷Ĵҳӷַ
îֻȻĶУͷ̧֣ûа㺦
ϵһĻîεİһڶԷС
ԭҲ²ۣ㲻ѾʲôҵļҲһ֮ˣΪʲôܺ˼Ҫ񰡣
Цİîһպãֱ׳û飬ȻǸӡ
򣺡ҪΪʲôû׼Ŷ⣡ʲôҲһ¡֮ǰҪ˵ʲô
Ƥһ˵Ļ죺ףµһԽԽ˳
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ЦľͲǼáȫǮҲĶ鱨Ҳ棬Բ
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î΢΢۾Բŷ⡣
һǮ⣬мд˵A4ֽһССƬ
Ƭ
Ƭϣ鲼ͷҲһİվһ顣


71 
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ѲĹյƬȻ˽⵽ľҲȷƬǺǲС
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ģî
Ҳü䣬¶һĲЦݡ
ķɫմ󺣰۾˱ǳȾ
ԭҲ˵ʲôҶѾ׼ˡ
ԶϧǰԲᱻȥסŲ緢ԭҲ
îһ۵A4ֽ̯¶صĻϡ
ŮîΧĿķ档
˽ʱ䵽˸ָĽںŵй[İ]ݡ
дǡ˹оƻ

оԴһ¹оԱһֿΪܡ㡱
ԭڡìܵ͡ʣ͵Ļܱ߼ͻ
ȷͺñһʹԷܷŴ󡱵߽ԼʹãӶʹܳע1
ϷBUG߼ìһͻֱͻ˸ƣֱӽڡŲҽ족ֱܳЦΪʵ
߼BUGܻ޴ص£ԭôСγɡ㡱֮ҲŤɲɱ˵һ
ӵ֡ìܲ͡ҵȷ߼BUGӣʷϵʵ٣ûԭֻΪBUGһô߱һѡע2
Ͼôܳܵסġ㡱Ӵ
ȻԺǿڻ㹻ǰ£ܹᵮһΪĸ塣
Ա˹ġ㡱ʵ̫ջ
ڹȥսı£ΪȡǿľоԱ˹С߼ìܵܽѭΪǿ㡱ס뷨Դֲڸ߶ս⡣
ֻǣʹֻܵ࣬Ҳ˵ֻϿꡣ
һ޷ܵסӴˡ˹塱оƻˡ
Ǵ㽫㡱߻ͨѹתƵܹܵסڣȻΪá
Ϊ˾ܼųãǲԭܳߵϸͻȻ˹ոµĿ¡壬ͨøҩｫתΪܹɲס㡱ˮƽսġ㡱¡嵱С
ȻΪܹ˳ס㡱ƭӴȷ꣬оԱΪһƬհ׵Ŀ¡˹˸񡪡ܹ2383ַɵ³򡣣ע3
ĳɹǷɱκס
ձõļڶǰҲչоƻ
Ϊ[İ]
ձΪһκ׸ӡ˹оԱձ飬οڣȻ뾡취θܹʹõޡ
ձΪԪĹϵĵʡ¼ķʺƽǿȶҵʮĴӪҪҲ⣬Ҫо
î̧ͷ
ͲµԷῴ˵ͷ˼ȣĸ߲Ҳ˲ȥˡṩ﹩о
׷۵ܳרĿ˼ͼʧ޸պúоƻʱԵϡ
î΢΢˲١
ˣֶɱνǡﲻһ
ֻܹ⡣
Ҳ˵оԱҪоͱȻὫֲ뵽嵱С
򣺡ֲûʶĿ¡ˣһѪȥʵ顢ĸ¡ӵʶ
îıΪѿץA4ֶֽ̲סսڷֽ

оԱԭǴ㸽ʽЧʽĸȻܲͬʵʧܣֱһγԣ[İ]˱죬[İ]ıȹӱҲȶĴŷţֲ˺
ֱʵż258ţע4ڱд˸񣬲˸ɹת[İ]ֲɹ
׼ȷ˵İɷǳ꣬ڲ֪ʲôսƽϢȻ쳣ȡ
оԱϲֵĿʼ258ʵĸʱһⷢˡ
ʵ258űǰѡ
۵ʵ258űǿϵ˼䣬׵ʶĵ׵ãȻͻҴŭ˰ִڵ[İ]
ǣ籬ը¼ˡ
[İ]Ϊ˱÷ŭ֮ѹݻһУһɲӡ
򣺡ȻǸʵһз־ݵ㣬Եıըδȫٵ֪ԱһҪоԱţΪը¼Ĳң߲г˷
ⲿַԵΪǵļԶԶαʵҪʽˣʵֻǱ濴ȣһѾͻΧѣǺʵʧƷ˾˹оͣˣоԱṩߵ۱֮ǰŶȻ߲ͶҲˮһˡ
ô˵ţǶǵֻ̯֣ϣĻСҲӦþձƻΨһһɹɣȻĿǰ258ƺΪˣϾȥ[İ]ߺ˺ʤᱻôΪҲ֡ҵǺϢСҲ԰ȵ
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˵ôҵҲžǿ¡еһλ*ע5
壬˸񣬺ꡣ
һһȴָĴڡ
κîʣƬϵ˭
ƬܾˣġҲˣĻӦþǿ¡˵ı塣
ôİǡ
źĸมĻ룺˵ǸŵҪоԱΪNǸİ¼ƻĴͷ֮һоͣƺܲأֻƬҲǲǱҲȷ˵ҲֻǸ¡ˣ֮ͺã̫
î
Ƥ׷Ĭˡ
ԭҲһƽĽӹǵ棬ٶȴͷβһ̧ͷ򣺡ԣû𣿼Ȼǿ¡ˣӦûͱһģһɣ
ȷʵˣҲ̫ģҪ㣬ҲһֱɻʮˡͷҲӣıը˲ٿڣ֪㳤ָҶעƽĿǰֻҪ㲻ԼQʹܣûôպú֪ײϣǻͲʲô⡣
Ҫ⡪ͷɴߺˣҿԵļߣӦһ¸߲ûʲô⣬Ȼɡ
Ҳ˿
׼ٺ췢С̵Ľ˺յ
֪ˣллҲĶǷǷܹ֪ԼĹȥ˵ĺҪ
򣺡𣿡
ûʲôģͺ֮ǰ˵Ҫֻ֪ҪԼĵ̤ʵһ㡣
ҲЦݣʯâҲôдҾԼŲʲô˸ҵһжǺڵļͬһģҪַҡŲܡ
˺ͷ֮䣬ĳЩʱҲûôļ
ȻЩźԽܣΪҲ룺ʵҲûﲻá
îһ
߳ĽҲ졣
Ҳз˵ҲӰ˺ͬĸ顣
ڣٺ췢Ҳƶߵ˾Լκƫڡ
㹻ˡ

ʮ֡
îкӸȥ˯ɫҲҲȻڱҡ
أҪ޻ǻؼңîתͷ򣺡Ҫ޵ĻҰӸ㡣
Үֵͬˡ
ͷӶ࣬ƽʱҲڱϢסһ
Ϊʲôڱסأ
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Ǹ簮СĶԱҵ[]ڴ
îͷص¥ᱸõıӡ
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ǰ׼ס˿ȸ֪裬ܹѺ׼ϡΪڵķ
Ϊǲ߻˭ĸף֣λƺ鱾ϵܡ
îһۣĬκ̿ڣչ˹ҡ̵֪ʶŮԡ
˴󲿷ʵ
ǲǡǡ෴îѾλԵĳʦԼˡ
ԷҲǸúӣֻڵ㡣
ҲΪˡîҪԼĹȥ֪Է
Ϊ߲͹Űҵܴ󣬶ҺܿΪ治ֶεΪ̫Լ̬ȣӷǳΪ
һǲҪöԷԼߺޣһǵڵ֪׼ҵɳʲô¡
î̾˿ҪĸɲȫѾһУϾǾռݰ죬ѭСֵ̫δ·ûô
ԣѡһС
ǶԴԼҺһ
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Ůԡ
εĽּУŤͷıӰһ΢Ĳ²ӿͷ
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лҪ˵
ע14ԭС˵趨
ע5Ҳ˵һҲǿ¡֮һڶҲǱ壬ԭС˵δֱ˵ֲ²ⶼȷţ߼Ҳͨһ˵ƺȽϹ㡣ΪҲǱСʹܻãȻٶͳһ˵һ£ھҪѡ˵һֿԣҲ߽ж衣


72 
διî̽
һֻʢͷĴèƶֻҪǲͣ̽ͷ̽ԡצԾԾԡȻˣƤޱȵİ׷Ҳģĳ̶ȱȽϵһѡ
ǰºͺ׼ҵĳ⣬îҲûʲôصġ
ʵûǰĹȥîͻشһֱסɽû
ʵîͻشһѰչ˵ģûиĸ
ʵǸ˭îֱ׻ؾΪ˲鷳ܸ㡣
ܻشĶ滰ֻѡһЩѡ
ʵڲܻشģҲֱ˵ܽ
î˿顣
˵Ĳ׵ķîĵϣС̫Ҳ̹ͬȻ
ʹ󷽷²ĺ˷ְֵĳɬģ
Ǻ˶ûġרڲĶҼ䡣
ӻɽгִãȻ޴ؼΪ׵ĲŬͼС
ְְճԶԶûô
ְǰĳ൱⡣
һ³ʱúãооһСʱȻʱΪ˵ˮûɾӽֱžͽһҵʱŻˣ
ҲȻ߲˳ˣȫû취ԣְû취һΣ˷ʳĺǿ˳ɫĶҳһڡģҷŵĶΣǣֻ׷Ǹոպõģǳ跹
˵ʱ൱ģչʾԼصСζȤֱڲäһԶ֪һʲôζ
Ϊϴ»ϴ˺ü·ϴĹлΪ̫󱨷˼Ҳ̫ɨԽԽ࡭
Խ˵Խࡣ
ءܹɴ˫ֺβͬʱü󣬼˺ѽҪѡסдϵîͲǸæҵļɱϵһ
ûʲôֵġϾԷǸҪԺȵ飬ΪҪչСҲҪȥѧּ
ԷԺ˽нǻۣô߱ɳԺѧϰҲͲˡ
롣
Ȼʵⶼܵõ𰸣ֻȻûм١
ԽԽࡣ
ñ֪ӡ
֪ӡַǳйŵϢ֮ǰмұʲô飬ֻһȱѡΪձŷϢŮֵڶ
һĻԼѺʱֵŮֻкüֵֺдͳĹҲʱʱð֪ӣӣ
ִȽټ
ȻϹŶʶġ֪ӡ׼λӦѾȥˡ
׼ıڹ˵֮˫ֽԺ󣬺ҵĲ²š
[չ˹ҡ̵֪ʶŮԡ]
׷Ǹ˵仰ޱԾԻ·ʼ
˺Ŀ
ؼ¶ƯСżӴײҵĻ𻨣ǿҵĸһӦö౧жӲ˷˱ܣѡֱݵһȥڲϲһĵ׳ΪԶİ¹⡭
򲻸εϹ£Ժ˵ϸʱںĶקһĹϷľ顣
úҲûпܡ
ϾƢǣһι״к̬ȻȲϵһ˧ңҲԷۡ
ǺƤܲһЩ˵񱣬Ƕղȥɭɭ׹ǳǺΣյİ׹βʵ￴Ҳʵˡ
ָĸպϺƤأ
˯š
ڱһȦԽԽо
Ŷ籾Իˣ΢һìܻˮϰٻ˵ΪϲŮԶѡӻŶκѾ˰ɣ
²Ҳ£˵һԻ·ֱQһط
ҪĶࣺ
˵λиѡĸô󣬽һСչ˰
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ϾҺ͸ֹ߲Ű嵽ֵСļһߵԼˣֻҪܹͳʦ˽ıʣͺѻиİؼչ˵ѡ
ʦĽǶֱǰӤҰչһʦ־
һΣؼ鸶Ĭ϶Է[ʮӰ]ߵ⡭֪֮ȫֻһ
԰߼îǸѡӦܿȴ˽ķʦ
ǡ
ǸîеѣѾûб˿иˡ
еؼϡиܡ
˵ԭ򶼰ڡ
м¡
ڲʡ
ͱദʱ䲻ǰദ˼죬ٶӵ˽ӴĻᡣ
ҲͰңӣʵദʱܻÿٿ롣
Ȼİµ˲עɹϷƱʱ佥˽˱ÿԱص㡣
ǰΪҲǸСʦ
ֱһκȥΧ˱СĶʶˡ
[]ܹ
ܺĿͼȡʱתһȦȴ޷õ
ȷھһˮ⣬ȻȴֻһССӿҨˮ
ƽղʱСʦվһӾƭԼǿ֮伸ûʲô
һŶ쳣[]б¶˸ס
îȻ֪⣬ƽġ
˵һͨͨ ûʲô˵һ
츳һеǿ߼簮ӵϸȻͨá
ǵһ ְ
ԼԼʶîϵܣͻƿڶڲͶԷᵽλѡϡ
㵽׾ʲôŻڲͬ
׷۵ֻèƶץӷΡ
ɶû[]ԼѯҳԱĹȥĻʹӲҳˣ

ڶ죬緹֪ӵĺҲ²ⱻˡ
˵֪̣ͷǰ̵ְֵŶְֽĸ𾴡
һϺסˣ
ʵĲ²еԶ
еƯСһȻһλ׷ԲԵŴ档
籾ҲֵĿΪ˿Խܰ籾
ĸף
ĸף
鲻иĸ
Բڳ˽һڵԭ󣬶ǽ֪ӡ͡îĸֿ
СһǶΪ֪ĸ
ǹîаְ֣֮䲢ѪԵϵһ
ĵһӦҲͲơ
Ͼ̫ˣǶӵ[]˵ֱڰһ
һֻȮôԻ˵˼άҲһʱ䷢ĵΪֻ˱ģ˵[]鱨ĸţԷǸ飬һĳɷ֡
ദ£ͨһո˼֮·и֪ʶĵȴ֪ð˲ͬ
ѪԱһ²ûа׼
һСΥܡ׽顭
ΪʲôǸˡأ
뷨һðʱһĵԲ۾׻
Դտ㶣ֻԼ²Żè

ҪΪ顪ǳΪͬȻĴڣһ˵ֿԡ
һ֣ƺպ֮е
ԷǶõаʦ㹻ǿҲ㹻ĶǸ˵ʱѾ˵Ŀ־䣬вŻ˳µŤ໯Ϊ֮
îе
һʦܱģ㹻ġ񡱺㹻ġ־塱ǸԴ֪Ҳռһء
ԵһֿԺʻᱻų
ڶ֡˱Ӵǿ츳[]ˡ
[]ˣҲԼ
ձԹ֮һԭ棬λһԵϵڡʩ䡱һϳǿʦ
ȻҲǳ
ڻҵƽʱ֮Ѿǧ궼һһˡ
㹻ǿ󣬾ʹڡʩչ䡱һҲͬ츳
ͺñֻܹյ[תʽ]
һɹҪ츳[תʽ]ɶ٣˵Ҫ̺ܶࡣ
ߣîսǿʽʹҲóսĸ֣ƺҲһ˽⡪Էʶ[]Ҳ֪ݵ[ʮӰ]
îҪǴת飬ǰҲ˳Ǹɫʦ
îǸˣʵ
ϾԽǿʦĿԾԽǿñû˻᲻֪ȥΪһᱻɡ
ҪһǿʦѶ졣
îҪǱģ[ʩ]һӵжôǿҵܰһǿʦ㳬񡢳ɵĴڡ
ɶҡˣʼԱл̬ȡ
ϾۺڶֿҲîǱͺõȥ
οîҲһֱƺԼӲࡪɱ˴ԭдҲͱйء

ǵڶ
û[][]ϵ[]һ͡
îǿȵ飬[]һҲʧʧȥ[]֮ϵî[]ҰпǸԭҲ˵ͨˡ
ֻû취ѡ
[]䲢ûнɥô[]ʧȥõĽ;
̶ֳȵӴ䣬˺ϵ[]⣬Ҳ벻ܹƽ[]경ֻصİ취
򣺡
ڷϣîǸȻˡ
ĿǰΪֹһжѪƲ⣬û֤ܹ֤îǱ֪ġ
ͲԼ̫ࡪ˵Ǹֻ֪îĸأǻ͵룬ѧϰɳģҲ֡
ǡ
ŤҲǿ䣬һֱΪ[]
֪ӵλ·ҪλǿޱȵƺΪĸסŮԡ
ĸ뺢ӡ
ͱ䡣
ܲĿԣԼͷ


73 
֤ð취ֱȥʡ
ѵİ취Ҳֱȥʡ
оԼǷ緹ˣץӷΣһǷ˧ڴϱء
ýίһ²λá
򣺡
˭Ҫϲ
һ΢¯˵ζ
ҪʮһĲѾ150cmˣһСܲͷͷŨܵɫ˱ӣҲûɵĴ󣬱βպõһ㣬ŲŤͷĶ΢΢˻Ρ
һ˵һ죬ܸܲһ㡣
СӲ˵ķա
ߺҪ֪ھʲô϶ըˡ
׷۵ʦСһŲ˦˦֣ȥȥҪأСҡ
ȻѾһˣһ׾żʵĳȣȻǸС㡣
ۡ
ۼֿӣӷǷ緹һϺβȻֱŴ˽ȥ
ӹĹĵģƵһһ仹׼İ
Ȼ׷ʦûӦ
֪ûע⻹ûܣǶſ
̫߳ˣ׽еһ٣ĿڶԷǰ˻ΣʲôҪǻܴ£ܲ˵˵ĻҪҪǰοһ£
ʶڷպ󣬲ͲٿЦĿŶԷкŬѧϰ˵ܰʲôٲãְӦÿԸһЩม
ѾСѧ͹е֪ʶ㶼ѧˣѾڹ˸еݡ
ֵܵİĳ¶ҪΪСŮжǿԼһСĿ꣺Ȱѻȫѧ꿪ʼȻרŹԾѧѧΪ
Լî϶֪𰸣ǲ֪ԷԸԸش
ҪĿ֪ôڱȽϺá
ţʲôϴ˰ָմӳպĻЩʡ
˺þá
κѡػսֻ롪µһˣһüȺ˵ӺӵԿһû̫ͬͬˣСֲԸңʽôˡϧ
治ɫĳ緹
ǻӵļһʱŤͷ̵ǿҪݵ⡣
ǣ֪̯֣Ȼ΢űִߣ飬˵˵îҰһȥרʦˡ
ʦ̧Լ۾ 㡭
ԣңΪѾ͸ˡЦ˵ȺֻѾûˣǺǱ˵ĺܣҪĸ͵ûʵѪҺ
ȻԽķʽˣı״
ԣ˫һϣ²ĵͷǸɣ
ӽֵȻʲôľͷΪԵȻܺãȻأ
Ȼ󣿡򻺻ͷͲ
ǳ˵ʦ⣬İţ
ûͲ
ſڣ֮ǰ˵רÿһѧĸɣʱֻһûС
ıδû
ǣֻϣڽϣͺܴˡ
͸߲ദÿζǲɢԸ߲߹Ҳûʲôɫ
ô˵߲Ǵϵľ
ʦΪ츳ȡʤ޹ƽԵְҵҲעɳɷֵУѪĴͳҵʦҪԶͨ˵гʦ
ң΢е̵ģ׼ҡҵˣڲԼҪ߱Ҫ󣬷ӵܶȥרͶ*1
רÿһѧֻȼ⻹ûز۵ĸʡֻڸר˸绻Ѫ̫ˣҲ̫
ĸβ⡣
îƽĿ벻ôƢִΪ궼̫ʺΡ
ΪֽϲƣԸѲ˵ʱ򻹶ͦӵģһҪ˵ʱ׾ٰ˶šȻԸ߲Űͷ˵ܲѺá
ͬᣬζĿԺͳɳԣ̽·;Ҳ᲻Ѱ³·
Ҫֻˡî̲ס˼Լ뷨ѪҺȻҪǣⲢҪ;ȫһϡ
Σֻ
Ȼ֪ǣǣҪı磬͵һĺһԿ϶и߲ĳԱǲ˶ġ
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ֻǸ뷨ֵҲûϵֻҪȷһΧ¶ԷᱳѾͺá
î˵ȥ˽ǣ۲ǣûģֵܹǶҡҪȥѰЩȻץסͻƿڡʵһǵҪѰͬ飬ĺϵҲԡ
˵ĵ˾ѡ
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ûҪǵһ˵ж߲㡣
ȻʵԽǿԽ֮ľԽܣھռݴͷ£͵ƽ޹ʸԼĸĸ֮·Ѷȡ
ҪҪ侲˼ֽ׶𲽹⣬ܻһЩ
î֪ԼĽûãҲ֪ʲʺʱ硣
Ͼ͹ȥˣܶ˼붼ᱻ̭ÿԸͬҲͨá
⣬ҲʲôɫμңǰŻ22î룺ǼʶǾ飬ԼԶûָ˵ĳ̶ȡ
е뷨ĩβǿһ£˵ǲο飬ҪԼжǷȷʲʺԼ
Կ϶ǣîڻŵʱȷ˹߲١
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îƫҲóˮܣϰֹϳ׵ĸıܼ顣
״ͻ⣬ҵе㣬î˶٣üκ̾Ϣһ
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ͨһ֮󣬻ᷢԼһУԽԽǸ𰸡
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׷ʦɰͰ͵ĵͷһúġ
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[ǰʵǸɣ]ô̵һ仰һΪǿʦȴζʲ
Ϊֱڴһͬɣº͵ǲԸ˵˿һ
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Ի·ٶһԾһ¶˼ͬʱһĵն뵽
Կ϶ͻƿһڲϡ
ץַεĴèƶΪԼĺģĳֻĺƢѡԵ̽ȥ
[㵽˭㵽׾ʲô]
˼ֿԣĿתƵ硣
˼İִԼ򦡣

2015ڽһѧڿʼˡ
꼶ķڻҲҪѧ
ݾҪĸѧУ𣿡
󡣡ݻشŤͷͬҴ徫С
̫ˣҲ㱨ɫ΢º͵˵ͬͺˡ
㲻ͬ࣬ƽʱҲԼ档
⵹ҲǡҴ˵ţȻĺѵļ磬˵ݣҪҪһ򲿣Ҳ˵Ҫ
ΪĩȥˣջǱҴżֲ档
Ҵ˵ͬһֲͬˣȫһɣϵģҲһѧУֻ༶еԶԹȥһֱû档
ݵ˶񾭺ܲ
ΪƽиְֵֺܽһԵʣķӦǿҲѷɫȻû취ְֿŵȣͨ˵ˡ
ҲҴֲĽעϾãֻĿĻݻƭȥμʮµ
˳һᣬʵ֮ҲУȻΪʹϵ̫Ӧǿȵ˶;ܾ롢ѡд統С
ݲ
ҴӻʤʵȤģ˳ԶԼܡ
ˣԺѵ룬ɫᣬûܾ
УѧУὨѧšȻҲлؼҲԱһֵܽûһĵְֵĻȻ޷ѡߡ
һᱻͽϰְһ龾˼ʽٶȵĵ߶ͣ
Ժӻݲýû㽵ĸ׵ġ
֮£˼Լкѡ
һ˵Ϊ˱֤ʺŻЧһѧԼšȻҲǹ̶ģͬѧУҲвһƶȡ
뷨Ǽ뽣͹
Ӱ÷
îĹǾǵõеĻѾܹӰڵӰˣԿʱҲְϰֱʹüɡ
սĽԶ̵Ĺǻڳóõ֡
îϣȥսҲûΣʱʧȥԱ
ʱ䲻ʹǻģӰӰΪ͵Ĺϵƻ̫
Ȩ֮£ݴڹвμӶӦԼָС
ǱҴ֮󣬻ݾе㶯ҡˡ
ڴ¶̫óܾϵܵĺѺҪļˡ
򡭡ҲᣬΪĻҲ㹻ˡ
ҴڣҲġ
һῼǵġ
ôţͷش
ȻĵȴѾʼͽһȽϺˡ
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лҪ˵
*1 ҵʦȥר飬ԺüïܼͺԼ⣬Ƕڲʽ˵


74 
ϸ㣬îҲڴһˡ
21űʼǡľӰӻӰ⣬ʺͯϼҲ˺üѧһУβĳɾӹɣѳƷ룬Ҳձƽѱ׼ʲôɵʳǻʮꡣ
ˡȻȶҲî̫ˣڽͷ־ϵ׻ɬŹӲľͲʦָԼؼ߸Ļ磬Ȼھҵȡ˲ĳɼ
Ȼ˵Ʋ϶⣬ȲЩʮɻ𱬵ĽҲ涼˵ĽǶѾܺˡ˵ΪдҪɫî༭³ˡˡķС˵һ˵˹紨Ĺȥ
ȻĪС˵ϼԭȶȡ
༭ҵҵĽβʦ
2014ĩβͯϵеĶӰ˵ڡ
Ƽķ2015ҵ´ڼӳܿͳΪ˵ӰԺӰƬ
ҺҲҼϲˣĩˢˢȥӳ

ĵӰֽʿ
һȡ
Ǹء
ᣬǿ⡢ֹۣڻʱھѾ˳ޡ
شŴŬΪʿŵһԱȻʿŵĽ
ʿ׼Ļ壬˽ı͹ҡ
Ȼ
Ȼûô򵥡
ǳۣһܹõлͻرԼҲһȷģҪػҲǸӶ
УĻ壬Ȼǻеĵ
Ҵ͹ҵţ㽫׼νġˡ
˺ĵ޴
㱣Ĺˡ
һǿʿȷ͵֮ĳͻʿʹ൱С
ԼҪƴȫȥĹУŵķ
Լĵ˽ӶŮ·ȡԼ
Լߵĺͯǳ޵Ŀ⡣
ЩͯΪµʿΪ˺޵˺޲ʩߡ
õ룬ʵһĴ
ҵҪػʲôأ
ֱˣ׵ıªͺڰߣҲܵ
־ǿˣܹסʵĳĵĴΪ
ǡ
־ɽʯҲڼϸϴ±ĥ
һ˵ĳܷΧޡ
ɼᶨ˭Ҳĵ׵ѹ֣۵һ̶ȣͻͬɽһ㽫ȥصһл˸ס
ʿҡҡ׹ʱŷԼʵûôǿ
޷ԼػĻһò
ǡôʱǿʿ֡
£뽫Ұɣǽֹ
ʿıʿչʾ˶Էûܿһ档
ǻױĶҺõ
Թâվںڰͻ綼Ǿ
½˴˹ͰĽ紦
սڴƽ޷ڷȺзжԵζŲڡ
ʿȹƽĽӴ
ߵĹģͯͬ˶ʥʿ㽣˵ף
صһУǺ塣
ʿǹȥȻ׵ʥʿҲηڰˡ
ܻǵ״̬߳緢Ķ־ᾭһδεĴۡ
ܻᱻһĥʵὫ˴ƽΡ
û˭ܹһ˳
ֱɢڴŬվȻʵֳȣǳˡ
ҪվںɫͰɫ档
ɫ̫ɫ̫
վмɡ
ںͰ׻ӵĻɫҲͬƯɫ
ʿס֣ҵԼҪºµĵ·

Ӱӳĵ죬̳֡
1Lܺã˽βʦһӣҪȥʦͯϼˣǰÿ̫ͯɾͲһǱЩ͸䡭
2LʵìܣԼHEĽβ˿ҲȫûⰡ˵˿идҸож־ˣ
̳Ÿָۺͼ࣬Ѷʿµıס
ֱ˺Ȼƫ˻⡣
55LǸӼµˣǽβʦԣϸ¸ոհʦƷˣھ֪βʦʲôӣôҲʦƬG˵ʦʲôʱپٰǩۻҪһʦ
56LˣһϢβʦûоٰǩۻᣬûнܹ߷̸
57LˣһϢβʦѾΪʷص/ˣΪԭѾӦ޷κμͲɷá
58Lԭ
59L[ӣƽɱ༭Ӧ]дβʦ˵˻кعƤ⣬Ҳ̫ãԲžܾ˲ɷúǩۻᡣ
60L𾪣
61LƤ𡭡ֲʦϷʳ̴̳ûԼֶ¶һֻ
62Lڵ֪ǿҪʦúϢΪβʦĺڷˣûϸְдǻӲ廭ҿŶú۰
63Lβʦ˵õ˵кúõάƽ⣬˵ʱԼ滭ٶȡδӡ/ֻȻڽ϶ֶѣʦһֱܻรˣȥʦأʦسȤġ

βʦ衢˳Ϊм˰ʦ˺ܶƽɺͺع

Ӱ˼˺ܾá
ԼԴ൱ź̾˿îҪʮ־ͺˡ
ʮꡭǸרʱǸԽҲûţǼʱ
֪îı
ǲǰžǶʱ֪ġ
ڽλ󣬲Ҫ˯ߵî˼лش޵ĳʦĺģԷҪ֮顣
î֮㹻ɫٻڳ羴βٰ߶Է
ʵ˵ڸյ֪պĽβֻʱбһ
ȻںԼǰƲġĳԡ⣬ɷǳ𾪡
һǲȫܵġ
зî顣
ҪʺϼʵݶǴѧ̫ȤԴ·ݴٵڣû١
Ϊʲôô˵îãȻͷ
ʮꡭǸʱûؼ飬ں׼ҵĽء
ûʲôʼ磬ҡҡԴֻڸ̾ѡ
ʮꡭҲûʲôá
ǸʱԲֵӰȤҲʲôͯ£ǼһҲ࣬һжֻźļˡ
иܺõѡ
͹еʿĳЩеʵǿ󣬻Ǹ[]ļһ
ȻҲΪʵˤĲʹ˸˼ά
ֻʿ־̮֮ǰȥˡ
ǸȴûˣԷջٵԼصһУͬתĵ·һնϣױۣƫľ·

·ݣѧ
΢
һѧ˳ѧҲһõѧĻͻ·׼ȥѧ
ҲԼҹԢ˳·ͬУĽѧĻһߡ
У൱֣˸ŵ̡
ѧѧǶſѧһƴȥɫӣоĿţһí˾
ٺ췢ָŰںͷ¶ЦݣǸҵȥæһ
ҲĿǰǿһȥڹһ·ӮβȻѧﱻҪһҪ
һԭпҲߣȻûʶһҲǲеСɵ⡣
·Уʱѽ͹һš
ʹչдȥŲιรݸȤĻȥһԣ˵𽣵͹ѾŰְϰܾ˰ɣݵˮƽû⣬šҪҪһȫ
ȷءֹȻڲ·ں͹ж꼶ĳֱ
ѧ֪ͨдİ༶ȥ˸ſλ¡
Ҵûܺһࡣ
ҲԶڸڣѾ˵÷ѧһȥ򲿣ݴ֮ٷֱȥͽ
˱Ƚ٣дſʵ顪Ҫɡ
֮ĸʣȻǵȥȽϺá
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лҪ˵
#ݻݣ߹#


75 
Ĺ൱ƽ͡
Ϊԣﳡغܴ󣬰಻ֳͬ飺ͨԶУڵǽС
˺ιۣҲԲ͸Ϊ׵ļλǰƽ͵ĽӴΪǽܹС֪ʶ
дŵġʵ顱ţȻ൱ƭԡ
˲ŷ֣Ǿ仰˼ֱܹӸѧ߳˼ǸһʵĹһѡ
٣Ϊ£ķ˲СĻ֮Ȱƭ˵˾зӿڲŵĻᡣ
ڼٰżԱȫչ¶ѪͷһСľͻԺӡ
ݣ治һ֮
ʵ顱ҲȫƭˣĻȷԳһ¡
Ĳۼĺܡ
ɨ˻ݵ˫֣ע⵽漸λļӣһĴԷվ˺壬Ц˹
λͬѧӦɣ
ڷ۵ĻͷſڣǰɣĹƺ̫һ
ҪҪһأ
ʹ˾
ۼֿһԵĹһѹҲޱǰĹǶٹѵʮģ𣿼ĳȵĻ͸ͣӦû⡣
ͼй
ÿ˵ĹһߣĳҲͬ
Ȼݲִ̫֪ʶ
ԼӰ¹ܺſʼѧģҲһҶѡ
̵ɵڸԼҺӵģսʵս䷨ִ˸Ӵϱߡ
Ȼ̫飬ڻʶӹ˲ݹĹ
ٵһȣȥø֡
ĪסĺڷС绺գۡ
ûãͷ˿ԼеĹͱϻֵ֣εĺһֱߵԶǱߡ
˿ѧѧվλãվڵıأ̧֣һǳɣұ
̫ˡǻΨһ뷨
û˿ķӹأԣλϢĺڷ괹űɫԡ

Զʽʹ˵ʧΪһֺѡ񡣡
ݵһǰ̵ְֽġ
ʮͷС걳ڸ׵Ļ¶ĸŴ˵ռƣȻîһ޸ӰĽṹԼ͵
ڿεʱܶࡣ
ʽĹʽޣʽδɳǰҲսҲвĵطʱʽʹܹһԶ̹ʽĻܹЧ߹ҲԽʽˡʡ
ǡ
ѹɤԼҲͬʱζţļԲ˿ƫⲻϷһʧͿܴĺ
ݣҪǵãżûаٷְٵ׼ͷ;˵ţ粻Ҫѡ
εļס˸˵ÿһ֡
ƽϰİӣĹǾССĹһеٶȣҪȫעѸжϡ
Ǹš
һڷܵϰʿʼۿɼٶߡ
ûʶҲӲ
ʽߺ󣬾Ϳʼ˼⡣
ϷﾭְʹùսĽɫϸսˮƽߵ趨
ʵϣȫˡ
սĹִͬҪսǿǸʵʵ
Ϊ˱֤͸սһ㶼ܴ󣬸ʷֵĹʮ൱ɹۡ
ıʣɲ̫ߡ
îǰƽǿԤֵƶѵƻ
Ҫ졢͸Ҫ󣬾͵ðѹܵߡ
îڲʹǰ¹⿿ʾɼԦڰʮҵĹǻӰȻֹˡ
ܲԶԶûְôš
ǸСʦܹǿ壬ڲϵѵĵ£Ҳ׵ǰµְִֵһˮƽʹǿĻڵıҲͬ˸һء
Ҳڳ׼ͷ󣬿ʼӰĶ÷졣
ӵĹ񣬶ӦǶˮƽ
˼˺ü죬һνгԡѸи߿յĹ񣬲ٿӰе˲ʱ壬ӰΪӰ̴ڲ񳹵ƻ
Χ۵Ȼлعοݺϸˡ
ʮһܹ꣬ɱˮƽ䣨Ǿ
統УѾŵļˡ
Χ۵Ĭã۲Ҫ
ʹļףɶ񣬵Ǹ쵰Ժȥ⺢ӡ
ݲ̵ǿͰͷ·ֵʮڵ޶Ʒı顣
ڴͷԼ㽵ְ֣ͷͱ佱󣬾ͶŬޱ״̬ͺ͸Ķ¶类˳ëèƶϢ
ıǿľûϰĹ΢һ㣬ߵҲӵгɫӦ
֮ܶ

ಣ
ҷһ죬ȥļƿһ˲ƿ
ȵƫе˰ġ
Բ۾ʶʣµļݸݡ
һ˵24֧
һֱֵģǲʣµļ˹΢㶺󣬻ǽ˹
ǰҲеĹĿĿλ۵
ûѧǡ
վȴ൱ƯҵҲ峺䣬ıɫҲΪˡ
Ҫǡ
ֻÿֻƫеаġ
ձĹǰамƷֵģûмֵ˵Ҳ˵ϰʡ
ڹ˵ССİӲôеģ˵аġ
Ȼǻ˺ܶ࣬ǡǡ
۾ڷŹ⡣
ʲôĿԺٽ̣λͬѧ൱ŵ棬ҪǡʿǴСϰԼҲͬһ㣡
⣬ֱ
Ȼȴ˹
̾˿ԭԹȤʧˡ
ϻ۵Ļݺܿʹ˵̬ȺԼո˽⵽֪ʶ׵Ⱥѧƽˮƽ͹ּ
Ĺ䡣
ԺͶǵһ־˶Ѿʵսȫˡ
ǰһѵǺ͹أ̶İӣĹ̶ֻвʮ׵̾룬ͿɵļƷַʽ
ޱĵװѹһ档
ڷ۵ѹòǷǷ
Ȼȱһ͹Ҽסˡ
ĲϷܶ࣬˺ѷΣͬѧλͬѧºȱ߰

ٴС
Ӷ챻ǵˡ
һܿ˹׷ݶڽϥǴȻʼԥԼҪҪȥ
ݣ
ڹ׷Ӱ£Ļըëһ˲ŵŤͷ
Ȼ˿
ݣҴô⣿
ȥջ·˸մ򲿱һһ·Ҵ忴Լˣ΢΢۾ݣǸȥﾶ𣿡
Ųǡ̾˿򵥽һ¸ոշ£ΪĲ̫һҲûʲôȤ˼빭ˡ
׷
ˣҼǵ˵ӹͽѡһҴЦͺһȥɣ 
һɻüҪֵ̬ȶԴõġ
²ۣҵϣܹиԴĻ
ƽ˺󣬺ڷ۵ָڼϣһֻ󲱾ƽ˾㻹ȥһۣ֮ҲʺĻһԾ뿪ġ
һĵַߡ
׼ؼҵҴںģҲѡ˹ȥ
ǡ
ʵɣƶһսƶȡ
ˣҪǴ뾺鵱УֱӶǰս
Сϰһɺжȹһٳɰı߹ˡ

ջѡ˽
磬롣
Żؼ·ϣͿԼҵܵôʵ
Ľֱ̹ʵĻش𣬡ͬĻҵļ
รȷʵġҲԲ۾֪ˮƽЩȣŵˮƽôǲս𣿡
˼һᣬ⣬Ͷӳ͸ӳˮƽУ˶һ㣬û䡣
ҳĺܳס
ȴֱӿʵһˡ
뷨ܼ򵥣е游Ҳǽˮƽ߳ĴʦҲʵɫҽԡˣ
𹭵ȻܹʹʹһĽͬԼ۱ȸߡ
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лҪ˵
ڹʽ˶810ʵܲģȻΪΧ̫࡭


76 
Ҳͽ洨÷ѧû棬ΪLME˾糤δ갲ŵ۲ǵˡ
ǼһǰͶһŲҲϰࡱɥ˵ԼҪû취䷹ǣҽټֻĿˡ
ɻֵġ
裬11꣬152cmߡ
ǵģڲഺں󣬲ľ߱ĸǰһֵֶס֫ǳɫӾЧϣʵʻҪһЩ
һͷʵɫ΢΢߸һβǡôں󱳵һ磬ʵǺܱ׼ֱֻΪϲ˯ʱͷɱӣƽյͷЩȻľ̡
Թ
ʱŻûѧУƷĲڲűߡ
ҵѾɣշݵĳǰѧϰ֪ʶ ҲѾɣɳҪʹ󣬼ϲÿ춼ڶ˼˶˶ķǳ졣
û͹еĲ趯˶Լıӣζ˹ȻڽͽֱʹķֻҪСʱܳԷ
ϰΪʧǵĲԴȻ˸
оܳһͷţ
һȻѾ޷ӹеഺС
ú
ڶ¥ǰԤϰ¿αϲĽڳְֵæ
ڣǿģ
ۣĶڲűߣĿȷĶŲϸոնáڻڱЯʽ¯СΪʳζĹضĴ
ų͸Ȯǡ·
ͷ˶䣬Ĳߵߡ
ءһȮë׵Դ˲衣
Ͻתס죬Сױסϵϲ
ꡪꡪ࣬Сף㲻Ҫ
סͷİȮԹԵ¡
趢ŻĹȻһðһƻ
˵ʼһĺƭȮְ˺ôһضһ衢Ϻ϶ᱻֵġ
͹ȷʵ
Ϊݡ衢Ͷ࣬ȻҲȺѲ˳ɳڡ
ʱڵ걾ͶĿ졢ԵĶ࣬ĵϸ鵣ԼҺӳԲӰ췢ÿ춼׼ʳġԼٳԵ㣬˾Ͱʣµĳ꣬Ӳ˷ѡ
СܿͿˣڲЯʽС¯ŵǹض󣬳϶бʳģ
ô˵
賯ȮЦݣԼˮıӡǸ
裺СҲæòã㸺ŷ硢ȥſڰҶŰְֺͽͽ㣬Ҫͽһڴڼȥ
Ȯҡβ͵Ķͣ£߸һŹдɡ
費ŲæѹɤȰֻĹӣһһݵģţͲ𣿰ְֵվһʽҲõĳ̵ĵëô𣿡
ȮŤͷ˿Ĺض˶ӡ
ܿ죬ӽסβͿʼҡԽҡԽ졣
ȮӣССģأ
ɵİȮɹɹ
ڶ¥ŻݣְȮ˳ζ¥ֱĿĳƤСɻֳĺȮ
ԸԱȰȮصĺȮë׵Ĺ϶Ի¶һ˿ε顣
ӿٶ˹ȥ͵͵һҧ˶ԼҪûаֿ̰ԵɵһڣѰȮȥ
סȻȮƽʱҲҲ棬ȮԶûȮú塣
Ȼ
ȮᶨƵİֻҪ͵Եļһﵱ
ʦδݵĲԴͺȮ۵СۣйװͰ͵˺Ȯë
СʱҲ͹һ͹ȥˡ
Ͼ֪СӶٶ극ˡ
ȲĸɷһھǺʵ裬ѡ˼ѡ˹ضꡪ͸˵İܲϸʡ
îóС룬ֻݷųʽ񹷹ʢһض
ڼ仹ûֻʽԴһС̡
ճ겻ĳˡ
ֻв踸Ůˣϻ͵һĿڡһʽҲúһֻ䷹ʦ 
ճΪ顱îڹȥĹ¼дδġ
ʱѾ̡òκα仯î⣬ŷϵĺӶ˲١
îһᣬ¼Ӳɫļ仹ļǵС衢ݺͽ͹ȥģǰôһ󡢻ûߣգۼ䶼ѾΪ˧ƯӵسŮˡ
ĵȼϸ׵ο
룬ӿڴ﷭Լֻ߳ԱԼҺһƬ
îѾִܹ豸ͼǰæҵϹŶȻͬһƬî˳ֵĸƬϱע͵Ƭϴڱڱעһ죬Ž
201546գѧ
ע11꣬12꣬13ꡣ
ѧյƬÿ˶УҲͽѧһݽǰչ˺סһŸոմƷĵա
îÿС׼һᡣ
ǵգǼ¼ǸԳɳġ
һһ˵ĺգֵܽһദĳС㰴վϴˢƬ棬îпȥĵʱ򣬶̲סЦ
ڵĹС²ðСݣһʳĳˣ軹Ըȥñʳļ
ʱ䶼ĺͷԼ¡
ݺԼԼ类׷Ĳʹһȥι۵
ݣִĹͽѾ˾ĿˣʵսĺԶǺܲһеݣѧĽͦģǾӺն
˵ţڷ۵껹Ȼһ£ٶȺܿ죬浶Ļܴ󡣡
î棬ԭˡͬȷʵֵøˡ
ǵģҺһ˽˵Ժһ
ҼǵãǸҴ򲿣ţŰæĹ𣿡ʣҪǿԼ
ü΢䣬¶˺ǳЦݣǵģְ֣밲ģҺѾźʱˡ
ͣ˵Ҵأڵѧûӡпûô˻ͬʱš
ݣҴĻˮƽͺܺãͬʱҲ̫ѹϾ;ửһ㶫
ͣԭǻǺ˲ˡ
Ҳġ
꼶ʱ¶ѧģî˵ֽҪƬһдʵî͸ĩࡣ
ѧĺ档
ֻܻһͿѻһܹһű裬ľɲ١
޷ĵ飬Զӵкͼ˵ĺա
ƾôҲԲîӰ
Ȼ鱾⣬ȴļͷ
Ҫû滭ʽһĻ
ٻһȫҸҲǡлݵʽ
ѾԹˣ֪ˮƽô⣬Ϊÿ춼ڼϰСŲڽͷͻѾϷ˺üˡ
ĿһЩٿһЩ
ȵһ죬ֵüӣ;ͻ꼶ʼڲϹ˼Ļ͸õְ֡


ۿںֵڡ
ֵɭŸȦأ׵ֻոյݹ鱨˷һ⡣
βš
ǸɭŸλʱȲ֮кڻܵʦѾΪθۿںֵӵĴڡ
Է֪ܣ͹βÿ¶ҪӸۿںֵȡһʾ޿ΪΪ֯;תżͷҪͺ˵ɭŸʵ޿ˡ
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ɭŸ⣺ûеµڣҵþ£ֵľɵУ£ɵеߡҪǮֻ಻٣
ǡôʱյһȤ鱨
һ˵ܹβŵĻᡣ
زС
ǼһϾǸóɱ˵ʦʵԺǿָ˭ĹǻҡңǸ鱨ķҲܴ
ɭŸ˼ţҪжҵ[Ž]С

һߡ
ҹ
βź͵ġӡʽʹõĴһǱ˹Ĺ
ǼһﲻԺҵ𣿡ãȻʵⲻǹĹ𣿡
βƶĵͷǼһɲᱻԺҰõأڹĹ
ˣ
ڡβŻǵһ˿Ȳġоǿˡ
ûãšֵĹرڿˡ
ͬʱĹеĹǻұȡߡ
--------------------
лҪ˵
עβӦ18õǻҵģħǰˡ
κ׺²ϸдԼ˵£ܿͷսƬ


77 
һǰŷޡ
˵ʦǱߣпȷһ˵λú𣿡
ŷޣҹ
ĳһڡ
ŷԾӸµĸţѹɤʵ»һʦ
λã
֫ͷ˵ʦžʹ־岻ѣʱޱȰûԼ뿪ձľȻͲôһɷ񡪡˵ȻѾˣΪ˻ȥʦޱȽŵĽͿڣ
ҡû˻ȵȣ֪ˣ룡롭ˣȷҽʦˣֻҪӵĿһ֯ͷ߱ʲôͿ鸽
鸽Դ
ǵģǸʦβţձҹȥܶΣ鱨Բд
ԥʦеĺ
ʽֻߣѡԵĵõǷļǰ弰ʧܣǾζűû䡢Ȼ޷ȷλãȷĻûġ˻ˣ˵Ķ˵ˣ治֪ʦ𡪡
ʦȻֹ
ŷޱƿţǾ߱˿ڣڲͷͱȫ顢౻Ǵ̴̴ʬ塣
ӵԼĳҪ״һģһ
ú
𷢵뿪˷ݣڵС·ϡ
˵𣿾ãҲûǺӵ֯ѪҺҵĵǼһӦõȷѾ˰ɣȻĻôʱ䶼ط
΢΢鲻Ķ˶٣źһ˼һֿԣܹȡ߼ȷϡųһֿԡ

ŷˣκס
ԷĳԽߣӵкԭҲһ[ٿ]ܣͬʱҲϵһ漣
λθĳŷϰԴźڳװסһɫװףȥͷϻһɫСññѾûˡŷ˵͵䣬Ƿ信ͬŵİٺĽ̫ҫۡ
Ȼʲô
ֻһеġΪӴ¶ꡢҲմѪȵܱ
ֻ࣬ĳоԱд˸ѡκôԼ
[ķӦġˡһ]
κô۹ƵĻкܶࡣ
񡱸ġˡ
仰ڲϷǿ˵ʵ
Իķ̼ĵʵԼںϣκĵ޷ѵĹ¶ġҲоƳģⷴԽʹࡣ
׽Ĵ꽫ȳоɵôǿھһġˡκҲ޷ͻ
Ͼڷڲε[ܱ]ıǩ
Լ֪κףҲô϶Լ[]ݡ
֪ʱʼκࡣ
Ψһֵÿ϶ĴҲûܸıĿ
Ĺʱ䵱У޷ĨȥġĹ¶û
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κ׺Ĵӵ˷ָ߲ȥǱձȡΪйձʵҵ
κ׵һμͬࡣ
Ǹסδѡһ֪ġͬࡱ
κһʱѪҺ·סָ⣬ĵһ˵ľ
ҪԴ⺢ӡ
ύձоύκˡ
Ҫ⺢ӡԼĵܵܵһƫƧľ嶨ӣõܵڲ֪ǰĵġֵĳ*1
һԼ
ԸΪκԵǿҵһִ
ΪҪѷԼжҲĴɱĻ쵰
ҪΪɱˣ׷ɱ
κƫִ룺Ҫ⺢ӡ
ƭãʲô
ΪŷġɱǷȱͬġûйеκĿƣһѵܵߵһСΣաɾ
ԣΪ˴߻δѵġܵܡκ׶ԼλᶨҪطĴǹ
ûɱԷ
һҪ׵ʵ뿪һҪһص
Խ߼ߡܵĴ޷ɹʶ󣬷˼ҵڶ
Ⲩ˻δѵʵƷ258š
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κڷѵʱûҵ׵ͬĴ
ڱը˲ȫԼĳԽԴըĳجج֪ΪƲصЩǱĴӳĴšκײĵڸһȦһȦΪձĽ벻òǰ뿪
ĽӦԱҵ
κṩжʧܡĿʵڱըв֪ٵļ鱨
Ȼ󣬽ĳԽ߱ҿţֽŵĵȴŷ鱨ȥըַ顪ʧȥ˳Խ߼ǿ϶ȥȷֳ
֪Ǻӡ״
Ȼȵκ׵õȴǶơϢ

оܱ飬ձԲ֪ڡ
Ҫʵ258Ų֪٣Ѱ޹뵽ǳըģʵɹĲȷԣձʵ258ŵĵϱעʵʧܡ֡
˴ȴʧȥˡܵܡκһǳ⡣
ĳһ뿪˷ʵǿóɱĳԽʧ٣ͺץס١
κϢε
ʼ㵽ɱ㱣ġҪյŷ̾ĸΣ
κ׾޲ƶİɱУһʦ
ʦЩƣȻͬĴڡ
õ˳ϵĻشκĵ׺ȻðЩΡ
ܵ˵ûأ
ΪǺ˵ֻǱ̼ܲͱһƻ塣
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ԼҲоʮűȳֱѵòʽж
Ϊ˱ܱٶȷͬڳء
κ룺Ǻıץ˻ȥһ־ĿԲ͡
κ׿ʼ̽λʦϢڼԥƻط·ȡ˴ٶѪҺ
ձɱձλҪȡһֹͷٶʧ١רעѰβŵλá
ĵá
ʦǱЩβκɭŸõһ鱨
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úŷ̾Ǳߵõ˵һɷݡ
ǷĳԽߣκס
˵ǵһɷΪ״ƣȡһعͷΪʵЩڲͬڻЩ顣
ж鱨ɭŸ˵Щ顣
˼˺ܾá
Զ׼κҪβŵʽͨߵļлȡʲôϢȷʲô¡
κ׵һ磬ڵõҪ鱨ܻ֮һ֪ͼʦšϾʦ඼ûеºְҵء
ɭŸҪۼɱΪλ֤ˡβţݵķʽ
ȻȷκҪõ鱨ǷձǺ
ϸ룬κʵǿţҲû취ֿϾۿںֵڶԳԽߵ˽⻹࣬Էܵ㡭ۿںֵûܿɹο⣬ԼλҲûõɭŸ⻹޷ռ̶ֳȵϢҲ޴̸ʲôƶƻ
ģҪһ㲻ĳԽߣǾ͵ôѪðߵʧܷա
ɭŸ⣺ΪһҪЮԼʦ²㡣
룬Ȼ˳ƽβŸʡ
βĿǰĵͿԽˡ
ڱ׶ˡԴ鱨нףȡĿǰȱĽǮͬʱǸϽǼȥľ߲֪Ҫ鱨

ɭŸκ׵鱨βŷˡ
֮⣬Ҫ̫¡ϾβǸʦǸʦȻǮӶķֻҪκ׻ʱ䣬ҵβŵϵʽǳ顪˳ȻҲ¼бȻƲ
βµ״Ӧ֪ĽġԷԸ⻨ĽǮൽš
ԼΪʽýӺõûõڡĹǻңǰĳͶԷ档
ӢĽŷһ䣬ƽĽеһӹͷʦ
ˣβ̵ʡ
ˡ𷢵ش
ǵֶңУ֪ʲô鱨
𷢵˰˳ߵ֣Ȼ˵Ҫ֪һйڼ258ŵϢ
258ţ
βǵӣֹţȻÿ֦һͷ
ʼ飬ֻѡ˼丽Լϡ
ú󣬽յ߼β΢΢۾ɲĿǰĽˡ
ǡЩͷǡ
鱨أ𷢵ŷ鲻䣬ֻǷе䡪װŲǣ󻺻ʵ
--------------------
лҪ˵
*1 κԭ
⣬С˵ᵽ[κͼȡʵ壬ǸһֱҲ16꣩ûȷϢҪֱҲںֵеĳɫ֣İ£Ϣſʼ]
˾Ȿͬ˶ԣΪҲԶ˺ֵԹ趨İ´ϢĿǰûֻн洨ñһҺ֪ǲȥ


78 
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ңߵ㡣
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΢βĲŲĴӶ¥²ĳŲһɲվãȻ৵Ľ߸ոµֽǩٸߵǰ
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̱ɳϣһһ˶һ̲ƵĻɳĻ䣬˫ֱɳǺ붯
׷ʦī˧ţÿͷ˿дˡܡ֡
ǿˡ
ܹİǩϡЦü⣺˵ûĿˡһ߷֮ĸʡ
ʹèͳ˲ٵëС롣
ǰ߲鲻Ը֣鼫ᣬǩȥ
򣺿ɶΪʲôû͸ΪʲôÿسǩֽǩҪ
裺֪۹۲ǿˣΪ˱סǩϸڣȻҪÿ
һΡΡĳһֽǩ
ɫǩ
ٶȡáϴ롱һǿʦͷһ̱ɳϡ
ΪʲôΪʲôѾ˴ζˣʦţǲǳǧˣô̶ֳȣ
ЦĺôӶЦʹˡ
Ҿ֪ҲšҲûгǧҪǳǧС϶۾ɣǲʲôù˰ȥ硭Űְְһݰɡ
طС鳰ЦӰɣһֻʧȥľʹè
ǽ֮ͣ飬Ҳصĥ䵽ڶķڻ
ʣǩˡ
ٷ֮ʮĸʡ
ڷ۵һȻסһֽǩ͵س
β˵Ļɫۡ
ڻݻԲ۾彩ӲĶֽǩβˮʱʻɫһͷĺ̷·ֻпʵ¶ĺèӡ
Ѿŵĵ˰ɡ
ݵҲźƵš
ס죬ʱʱ۵Цķ·һͣ
ͺҲǶЩ̿
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Ű˴ΣΡ
ֻεԭ򣬻Ϊм첻δ涨ӣֻһǩһǩǰ£ùȻҪȻݸǿһ㣬ûݿ졣
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ͽʱתݡ
ǰһǩĵùԭҲüˬʵЦʯƵģһԼĻ¶ˡŶԼ˵⣬ÿЦ̾ù뿪ˣ
²ۣҲôҲתһתɣùΪʲôҺˡ
˵Ǿʾร
˲ЦᣬƵʲôģԾ͹Ĩǵѣע⡭ۣ
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ڲѧļͥεĵͷشȻߵɳϣקסװ죬ȫ
ߺһֻ׷ʦģʮĻǿһ·ŶԷߡ
ȥϴ룬һͱСƵˣˣ˵ǩѡʱǴӦǸ
ڿ
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ͱġ
Ҳǲ춼ҳԷôţȺϲ̼Ҳںÿ춼ɻϴ롢ʲôأҪ˵СˣĻҲȫֵ
ǲĳǩ鱻ȫƱͨˡСһǣмһôСĴӣ֮ϷǩСԹҲֻǾڡϷˡĲΣȫûж˼ȻЩʱһͿأʵЩˡ
Ͼ˭Ҳ뵱ù
򱻻ݳ˼׺ڹԹԵվԼ
Ȼ֮һļСӶչˣȥûô񡭡ӻҲĵӦ֣ںܶ΢ĵطҲ¶ŵһ档
ĿǰΪֹƺûзʲô򲻻¡
ս軹ǰæꡢ˿ˡϷˮƽĲָҲһס
ҿġ
û򲻻ĶҵСΪѵϿɶԷͬʱҲԼͬ롪̸ϣ̸ϣ㿴СƵĳƢޱѸ㡣
Թȥϴˣˮ㣬ʦЧʺܸߡ
Ѳĸɸɾʰã󰤸࣬˿ڣȷϽջյͣȻȼļЬȥͷ׿յ㡣
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Ϊǿʦͱ׻ûʽְСʦһһڡһһСֻĵֹ
룺ʱ䳤ߵ̫죬ԸĳҲһݰְֺҲ
ݿɵĶ˶٣һҲԹ΢ûôߡ
κĬĬĵίĸ뷨ţҲ˰ɡһݰְǲתƵã

䣡
һ
ۿڸķ¥ڣӰڵĴ
βŵԴˣ޶ɱΪֵʦҲڷ³ɱʬϣǲұǣƻ˵Ĳǡ
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κԭʵĺ˳
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258ţܱзƻΨһ۳ɹʵ塣
ȻڰǰоԱĵʽܱѰʱоˡ
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ۣ258ʵΪʧƷܱз㣬ͣоʽ𹩸
ܵûбߡ
κ׸˿ܿˡ
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ȥһԽߵķ񾭣βźܽѰ
۹ⶾץסκʧɲǡ
Ժβ˷ġԷ֡
ԴΪģǧһ֮ʣλս˵[뱩]ǿ彵鵽ϡ
βŵʽһǽߵ鱨ǽߵ鱨ߵ
ʩչϵģǺߡ
ھǰıβŵĴѸٸգͳ඼úͷ޲𣬵ȻǾһɱרʱǿҲβŵʽһӱ˰Ǳߴ˻
βŵŷ޷׽ٶȺݺһκ׻ɡ
Ǹû֮ǰϽߣӡβҪǸӲ򡣡
֪ˣ̡ӵͷȻոճβ˼Ͷסˡ
ԥʲôǸﲻܴģ㻹ǵһβٿ壬뱨Ժ˵ڴߡβɤ
һ롪
˼ġԭ˳ӵıͽȻòˬ
Ұһᡣ
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Բ˻ǵӣѵܣΪԷһֻȡ鱨ʶôᡪ*2
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รԭô°Ҫҵ
ķЦ˼Ȼʽʲôԭҵġɲĸ˵ܹԦסġ*3
ȫǿ壬ûа취
ĳBUGĴڡ
˵ոҪոڷ⽡˶ЦǾ㵽˰ɣǵط㾡Ҹطء
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𷢵ŷӸµĿ״ɲı
κ׵ܺҲһǲٿؽӴ
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ΪǿıϧûʲôȤٻ˳ɴʹʹ߾ȫǰûǿߴһ
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ûںѵõǿߴܺĪķԼϵˣӷľѺ·˵ΧۣôµһԶһ뵽
ڴλӡǮֻֽҹԳԺȺҸ˵ùס֮Ҫأ
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ģİֻʵʱ£ûа㲨
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*1&*2&*3 ¼ƪβŵĶԻɾġ
κ֮ǰӴҲġ
ҲûмֵûлԾ֣ڻΪ֪нҲĿǰΪ֪ԭ򣩡
¼ƪиʵһѵʱ䣬֪֮ΪʲôʧȥʶΪ޲𹥻αֱͻݻݴһϳӲѡ֮趨ûߡ
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ĳ鷳


79 
ձ仯ĻͦԵġ
ٺĵòѾӡеĺܲһˡ
ϰ仯װף·˵Ŵ綼һŮԵĴ磬ϵ͡µױݣϸںɫţ;ǰⲻͬǰְҵСۼɨ߼λ·ഺŮԣҴҼ۾ж˳
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81 
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ǵ͵ĴֲСڵԸ񣬱Ժһս[ʽ][]Ϊһȫֵ洫̰λμֵġʵ塱ΧҪ㷺һ㡣
˵ʵϿԺҰһ[ʽ][]뷨Ͼʦȷ츳ռʵٰ˳ɵĲƽְҵԺֱ˲ȫڴˡ
Ϊʦǿ߻кܶࡣ
ǿ޷ߣֺñȡȫų࣬丿ķ
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Ѿ԰ʦݵϼһǿ̫ˡ
ԷÿβòԺҽӴʱ򣬶ѡֱӺͼԽӡ
ӡУԷԺΨһʵȨҲԸ˵йͨصĶ
ֲ÷䱨κκøУΪԷԺװˡ
ΪʵߡԺֱˡʵϲôעײߵ滷ҲΪЩʲô
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ȻΪĳλڷ۵ӵԸζҪиùˡ
ĵùԭҲԭޱõУ԰ֻ쵰໨㣨ָ̫ףʹ
ԭֻǳչתУͺĳٺ췢ĸԷܰ˺ѧУĸʩλáСͶΪתУԼ
ȻĪͶԷԵԴÿճüɹ
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̫Ƿݱ㵱Ҳ˳ִ˻ȥҲ˶Է⡣ըϺĳǵء
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ŭͷҲûԼУŵֽ
̫׸ոմǰ󱳵ʱ˳ѻһֻıҲı󣬻صڱ߱߻˸ͷָҲˡ
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һʼ˱ڵĶŵѧУֲˡ
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ûҲŭͦϰߵġ

ҲɹΪ˼˵̸ʡϾݺͽͶͶһֵĶô󣬶Ϊˣ벻֪ѡ
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費ɻ̫ǱԼȥѧУ£ȻƿߣɵĳĬ˺һᡣ
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ϲȺСӵУ԰¡
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ҲȻԹͣȻ̫ÿκȥϷʱҲ˵ĳŸԼ
ֻ˵ѵҲѣĳɷ̫˶ѡ

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9׷ģ12ҳߣ15̽磬ûоֵԱԭһ㡣


85 
ȫȡùھѧУ·Żʽ㣬һھѡȻٶȿʱĽͨJRվٻ¸ȥ̨
ߵʮֵĳƱ
ϵվ˹еʱ䣬ֻҪӳͷִ̨ܵˣϴ̨վԤ޾롭⣬ȺѧʮҾͿԵִĿĵء
ΪʱĹϵһЩ복վȽԶ˾ûʱúó緹˵ҪôպϣҪôǰһ׼㵱ʵģվгҲг㵱
ձı㵱Ļ൱˵ﺣ⡣
г㵱仨Ҳ浽˼£㵱༸ǧһЩվı㵱ݼڲͬƳֲͬĲɫǱ㵱۸ͱ㵱Ȱˡ
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ȻһѧȻĳֻϸ׸㻨ǮǳʵΪԭͲҪг㵱Ϊͷг㵱ԶûмﶥƵζӪҷ㡣
˵ҡ
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ģȻҪ̫ǡʵֲɺ󣬳˺ǾҲͰеĿԼҺǵˮƽϡʳϵı仯Եġ
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Ȼɥƽޱȳ쿿׵ͣݿɿɰ֣̲סЦ

ݳŵĵһ죬ĬĬԶһ˷ݵķСİѻݵǷҲˡ
ݳŵĵڶ죬ƵƵעֻ
ݳŵĵ죬Եɹ̫յݵĶźƬԵϵĹβ˲Ѹٵͳֻ㿪ĻȻ黹ޱȻ侲ȻƤ׷βѾҡ

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򲿳Ա˵ûʲô谭ϾѵȻůҲʲô磬˶Աѵ󣬺ܿȫůѵϢһᣬܻصޡһȪȪȻǵʱ֡
ѵһξ룬̫ԶȺһ㶼ǲлȥġ
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辮һǰԶÿ춼·ıȥ
ҲһߣְϵͳѵĻԭڻشҴ⡢Լ飬ڼʱȻ۾΢΢˽
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îԼϢСѵһᱻŵ޷
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λİȻݸһЩΪżͷ΢΢űԵʣ߲ͲˣȦеأҲţ˿ȥЩζǺױ춢ϵ͡
ԷﻹŸı㵱һ߶ŵһ̵ߣȥֻǸ洦ɼͨѧ
ǿɲؼϢǴӶԷϴĻ


86 
ҹ̫ʮꡣ
򲻵ѵҳߵ״̬Сڴ֮ǰѾҳ߹Ρ
ҹ亮䣬·ڽϱɪɪֻܲϼӿǰٶȣһߺůů֡
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ڶֽŷ³һڵĹض󣬾һܰɡ
ֻϧԼ۱ȵĹǣҹֻ̫źĽĿƿ̵ĿĻϴ۴ı㵱
Ҫǿζĺ˳Եĸ
˷ݴۺֻҪһԪûκˡֻľ㻨̦νζĴӣ׷㵱ȻСԱȡ
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ڵı㵱㹻Щ÷Ժһ
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˫ִڹ̨ǰ̽˿λһֱκ˶ӡ˵Сġ꣬º͵¶Цݡ
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ݣʶոǸ𣿡Ҵ徫ͷԵĺѡ
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Ҵüոڱſڵʱŵˣһܽŵӣҽڣҿó

ݶסˣû͡
ҴһСѧ飬ˣĳ̶ֳ˵൱˽ԷԸ񡣻ҲָȫùֻԼӣСҴ˸Ǹ
Ǹû˵ʲô¡
һǵһμôŵӡҴǿǰûйǸڡƭƭ辮ǾˣΪʶˣݡ
ֻԼ뵽һЩ¶ѣˡģ˵֮ģҴ壬ܽ˻аְڡ
Ҵô벻ȥ
ݲԸ˵ҲֻĬĬˣ̾
Ҵ壺ˣȻ㲻Ը˵Ҳǿ㣬ҪҰæĵطҪһ߶Ļǵңǳ˻ǲҶΪЩʲô
࣬ͷ֪

ص޺ϴ衢Ȫ극ʮǰɻʱ䡣
̫ȥƹ룬һֻߵƫƧ
ڸְֱƽڵȴҹ̫ϵʱ˳ļ໤˵֮ǰ
[]
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ǰֻؼϢŵӲ˼Щٶۣϸ롭[]ΪƺΪ˱ҹ̫
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ҹ侲ëȻѹҲʧ˲١
䡣
ȻΪеԶϵļӸУû޷⡣


87 
[̫çײˣжϳؼλ֮󡭡Ӧôݾߵġ]
[ؼע⵽ԷҪô죿13갡ݣԺؼжԣǾʵޣ˶ãһĴȷûлʩչʽٻȥ]

߶߶ְڼҳֻŰȫԶ̨Ļݳƪۡ
Щټîִֻ÷ɿ죬ѾȫִӿƼæҼֵĺۼ
˫Ĵָ뷨ϰһһεֲϵðûд֡ǲþ䶼˸˷񡣶ŽӶķȥȻˢ
îĻ༭ƽɺͺķ緶
ֻ˼ʮεĻݣ
ڷĬĬ亹ֻĻϴƬƬ֣ЩЩ飬룺ҵıʹȻС¸żٹľ룬ҲмָܵԶںְġ
îȷʵĵ˶㡣
ϾĿؼ䣬ŹǾҰ֪жϡǻͬΪؼ䵱Ҳǿ͡
ݵʱںîԻἱ˵ֱӳš
ʦ䣬[ؼ]Ķ١
Ǻ󺣰
൱ʮ궼һһؼʦ෽ؼʦѾˣǼڲġؼ顱͸ˡ˵ôʷĿǰ¼ؼʮ*1
ѵǼǵؼбСһֻ99˵ġ
îǿҲǿڲͬ[ǿ]Ϊµܹ׾ٵѹؼڵһж֣ż˽ʵ˴ؼƺûô¡ĴȻǴжϡ
ʦʼնǸְҵȻʾӸ߲¡
һˮƽԴµѣ˵ؼ
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ݺš
ССͶ⿪Ӱӵ÷ӵ˲ɱ䣨ݵĶǾʵîԶԣܺúóδһִ˲ĲΣҲǿʮӰ̳ߡһؼʦ
ȻⶼڻܹúóĻϡ
ڵĻݲ13꣬ĿǰΪֹδйʽľ顣
[ʽ]ҪսʮʽҲֻ[Ȯ][]Ͳǰľ޴[w]֡
⺢ӻһδ硣
Զֵܵ籩ʱ

̾ϢһîĵĹβͶ
Ƥ׷ĵµ׻ǷˣîôҷǿŤԺΣԣĺĵףվʦ䡣

ڲؼǰ»çײͶԷϡðպͱߴĻʵʵְַ
񱻷վһڽ￴ţȻȻ˶٣۾
ϣֻռǰһָ֣ǰο
[ȻΪͬİΣվԱ䡢ҪԮ֣֮һζñС]
[ǸúӣʼնǸúӣֻǻȱӦ¼ľ顣]
îΪԷçײ˵ݵĴʽԣԷǿݶһڵĴ֪Բ񶨶ԷΪ㡣
ΪȥͰˡⱾֵƷ
ǱݵΪŵîҲҴҸôС
ݺһڶޱîԼҺΪԼȫ
Ϊ䱦ĺ֮һ
Щʱ򣬸ĸֻΪǹڰ㣬ԲŻᱻѹԡĵڲԡ
侲󣬲ҪκѣڲԵϸ׾Լʼҷʡˡ
ԼǰôʻԼҺܵеί̲סյùβĵذ壬ȻС֯Բ
[侲룬ûκξѾĺܺˡ]
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ݺҹԼһСʱ󡪡ҲǾŵ档
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ΪҳĴ˵ҹڽͷ绰ͤݴĵ绰Ҳ֪ûֻֻû˵硣
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ǰݺԼҸ׻㱨һ
îԣֻҪǰȥϢڻ
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Ҵ΢΢üԶϳװ硢ƺ͵͵ߵĻݣɤһ£ݣҪڳţŰ˶ȣҪȥģ
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һɣٱ˿ɲʲôΪ
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Ҹݣʱţݻȥĸʲ12Ǳɡ
óԼıʼǱ̵Ĳ䣬ǰڱݵ˵ǣҪǵĸʸߴ89У鷳µǣǵĸʽٷְ١
Ҵ徫һȻվնǲҵøȥ
Ҳȥ辮̫߸߾֡
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ͻݹϵõҴ嶼ˣԥһᣬҲûٷ
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ʣ򲿳Աʿɣԭܿ˲˽ֻܴźͷãȻĿǵıӰͷˮ֪ԼҪҪȥ
λúƫ֣Ҳޣûʲô̽ġ
ӦҪȥ
ҪǰĻֻһ·ͨվ
ĬĬ˼šȻָ·Ⱥһ·Сܣ׷˲еĻݡ
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ݣ
̾˿
ҲϾڱץҲܲµ˻ᵣġ
»治ܴˡ
ĬĬ˹ڴλãֻĹܵӣ˺ͷʿˡ

ֹţջֻ
վ³󣬻ݿ첽ǰšУա˼ȦͰ˦ˡ
ݿҲˣĵ׵ǸȻתҸûҲû˵ǣ


88 
ϰ˵룬ƻԻ͡
ֵϣе˲Ҵҡ
ҹߡ˶ȣΪǰ¹Ĺϵʪȸߣ绹ͣ¶ȻҪһ㣬ֱӾͽ˶ֽŷ顣
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ƴеԼ̫æû·˵ů£ûеһʱõȷ
Ǿ˶ʺãܹҲ͡
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ȥȴôҲݵӰֻãȻգۡŤͷԼС顣
辮ǡˣ
ΪӦá˦ˡ˵С
ƽĳȻĵͷ৵ļǱʼǣ˼Ƕλ˵ĹһĻݣ
GѾ𣿡辮ʧɫصôã˭¶ˣ
辮һﵽŰ
رóαװģ£ΪȫԱвصǸҡͷ辮ļ磬пĲࣺǻô챻֣һ80Ρ
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ȫ֪Լ·;еױ¶˶ٵ辮˼顣
辮ȷʵܴ󣬲80ֵ̫ˣϾݵľԵȷҪ˸ʮٷֵ㣬û辮ǱֵĸҲСšߺΧеͣǺɵϰߣ
Ǻİɣ
ͻʶꡢѾѵҴ룬ش
Ҵ徫֪һһá
δСѧʱҲһıͺСһı衣ҵĽڵʱ൱Ĵڡ
ȻΪݵˣҴҵ֪˼ܡ
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ҵ֮ҴҲںͻദꡢ󣬲ŴӶԷеõЩࡣ
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ڵǡǱ˦ˡ
Ҵ徫Ϊͷۡ
Ҫôá辮ֹʵҪ𣿡
˳Ÿ߰ɡһɽԷҲǲУĴ˵
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Ȼһ·תת˿ҪСʱˣӲҴֵֹƫƧ·
ġ辮ץСĸ첲ĭΪΪΪʲôһ˶ûС
Ҳ彩ӲţĴ˸ŵӲҶ֪òüס
XX֣źüǷǰǰ칫¥һԺڶˣһߵһסլǳݣûȥɣ⸽Ƚ塣
ֻŲ䣬ŵˣѾ˿ʮӣ̫ƫҲˣǻǻȥɡ
һȣκȻָָ̧֣ǰǸˡǲǻݣ
˶ʱ˽ǰ̽ͷ
ǰͻһģһӰƽȵǰţսһ谵Ľ
ոǰģãȻʡ
ûע⡭Ǿǻݰ辮˷ܵѹɤҼǵΧֺɫ·Ҳǳǰף
ǼһȻһ˴ܵôƫƧĵطǵģ̫ûΣ˰ɣʲôҪ£ôһ鰡ӲҴ󷨾ȻĹáֹţȻС飬ҴǷλǸȥ
׷˹ȥ
ݡĽſڻҡҡ׹ġ̨ǧ黤ġơ
ǰᵽԺ

һߡ
辮˴Ҵ׷šݡӰ뿪ʮǰ
˵롣
ո˦ԼСĻݴӰóһ۱ʣڰУٵĽԺﱻְǧҪúüסʽĬдȻ˫ֺʮ૳ģ˫ִڵ棬עС
î[]ָıġ
ԭ[]һ̵ʦмصĺʽ
ԭǸĳ趨ê㣬Ȼʽԭأһêڵء*1
Ҫĵܴʹ͵ľָʽӣϻ㹻׼Ȳܳɹʹá̵ʹ۱[ʽ]һֱ޷㷺ʹá
î[ʽ]ϵš
һαװ[]ԭиıࡢһΰʾʽڸ쳣֮һٶȸҪıഴ󷨡
ؼݻʽԣĺͻݵ޽Լıٻ󷨵ķŤתԼԼϡ
˵ֻҪ󷨡ΪӼʽͨԼîλͿߡ
13Ļ˵Ӵ󵽼ҪĿ֮ڻؼϣԵ΢ˡ
îؾ΢΢üǰһְ̧ڲϵΧһ¡ߴСɽһַºԭΧûס©ĵطµʵʵȻ˳ԼҺӵԴ
ûڣ۹ԹԲ˲˵ůġ
Ϣîٶȱˡ
ݲ˵ϵķ۱ʺۼǰҹԼüĵص㡣

ϰ˵ʮ֡
ǰʮӵִĻƿ˿š
ܰû˿ͣſȶصζ
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һŵĶԷҴվſڵĻ֣ҲһӴϢ
ǰ뵽ݵӰü̧ͷһۡ
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Ǵ̵ĹβͶ΢΢ը˼Ĳ֣еҰһ㴹һĺȥʱźıԡ
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ӰְߣʤһеİȫС
ǡôʱԱ˹Է˲˵
ҹǱڻһСֻ׷ı㵱ʶԷҪҪԵʲô
ҰԼģξ򵥰ɡɫȻ˵
ǮûʣǮҹǲ³˶Էĺ⣬ĵٴα΢΢̲סһЦݡΪöԷƷѵԵʣҹǱҡͷܵġ
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ݰѲ˵ԱòĿڣݵţ̣鷳ˡ
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˫ڲϣһڣ¶ǡôҺ˳ź䵽θ˶ů˲١
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ȻίѯʶԷϸŵǸؼ[]
--------------------
лҪ˵
*1 [0]ù󷨣ѹͻѧУˣϹ˵趨


89 
13ĻݵõһⷶΧĴ𰸡
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õ˵仰ʱüţдѾѹꡣ
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һͬ࣬ľͷǳĲ˵ĺԮ֮ĺڶ֮࣬Ѿõվûֵܵס嶯ǲ̧֣ץסݡ
Ÿָӵ뷨ҹ̫ŵһһĽص´Ժھ

2011괺ˡ
ҹ̫ʮյ죬ϲ÷ΪףգѡԼȥĸ׵Ľ̵ָĹ͵˳ȻΪ͸ҹǡ
ϲ̫˵Ƕָ
졢ռǳǿŮЦ̧֣˵ʮĺʮк
Լˡ㿴ɣʵŵ˵ȳԺ̫Ҫ顣
ͬϲҹ̫ԣ𴿴Цݡ
ʮк붼ûͿֵĴӦˣѽҪԶԶһ𡣡*1
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Ȼ˶ССͣɰ[Լ]ЩСѹҼҵζǸʱǷĵĵˡ
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ԺҪҽޡ
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ΪӣҲֻ˵֮е¡ǲǱɴ飬ǳʦʬ廯ΪؼʶаˣҪҪΪ
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Ϊҹ̫һ˳ҵîԼܹܵǸŤ˵Ů뾯ߡԿ϶ֻҪîһ˺ҹ̫˼ǸΪ[]ĺӾͻԥĹԼ
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îƽĻش̧ݵԴºͣڸѧƫƧ֪ʶһķǳٷʩչ[]һ൱츳ڷתʽȷתʽ߸Ӻ֮Ǽ˲ɲٿص
îӵǿ[]츳ˣͿΪϵʶ[]ԼˡԸŤʹ黯ܹһֽȻҲ൱ʵֵĽ
ҹ̫ԣԺ˲ЩƬΡ
̲ס૵ӵ𣿡
îҲ֪ǺΪ߶ԼԼһ˵ͨ˼ͥĺӼܻӵ츳˭ĸĸⷽʦ˵ͨˡ
ҹҡͷ֪ҺļͥͨˣϡҾͲ֪ˡ
îǵе˭˭ˣѾû취ıˡ
ҹ̫Ȼס۾գգĽעǰİ顣
㡭˵ǺѾȥˣ޷ģ걻ģźңҲ֪⿪䡢ͷǺİ취
îͳ΢ƣҪô죿ҪصƽУ[]ҲʧΪһְ취һһ
ҹǻ̻̲ʲô
ɱĹٷ˵
ɱɱ㡭ô
δ״̬±ĻԼĽֻͨһȫȫɢɣΪ㲻һߡ
îɥ룺ûȷĽ취ǰ£õĽ
䱣ŤʹĿɱ̬绯ΪҪڡ
Ȼҹ̫ȴŵ÷ҡͷû˿ԥĻؾ顣
--------------------
лҪ˵
*1 0ҹǺԼ


90 
Ҳŵˡ
ԲԼ۾һʱỹ޷Ӧ
ĽǶ˵Կơ˺˵ȷʵӦñ
ǣǡ
ѵûбİ취𡭡
[]һ11Ů곹ɢ̫ɱ
ãȻŤͷԴˣîǵܰǷĲͰĺȻֶԷƺġ
ȻһְִʱȴǳԲֲпĽ顣
˵ǡǡ෴
ûкͲǰƵ۲ҲԶʤڳˡ
ԣݺʶһ㡪ְΪҹǺѹţҲͬʱΪ£Ѿ[][黯]ܹõõĽ֡
һߡ
һĳȥ
ϻĺ鱨£һš

îųǰʵûôء
Ҫ˵Ļֻǽܹϵͳʦж̬ȡ
ȴֱӱ䱾ˡ
îǷܵԼ黯Ӱ졣Ͼ㲻֮£͹˵ĴʽڸάִڵĿɱǵԴȻҲ׽աŴ
îǿķܹɻǵޣ[]һε־ȴûôӲ
ӵ[]Ĺ޼᲻ݣҲԲһ
îһ顣
ԭΪġ
׻ǹ˽ۡ
΢ŵ̾˿
Ƥ׷鴹ǰŻ˵ҹǣĿص˶Է󼸺˲ð·ʱҪϮ㡣
ͬ黯ȴûкîһ˵ı˽˵̬
һ˵Ա֮Ϊ㤵ĿɲӴ
ϲߣźܲܰɡ
ҡ
㣬11ŮӡǷ񻹱Щʶأ
ûоͺˡ
î롣
ôСĺӾҪڱŴ֪ǰÿÿ붼ʴĵʹࡢ[]Ťĳªʵ̫пˡ
֧ȥ
ǵʱŸʮҪôأ
ҹ࣬վнһ졣
顭ֻҪͿǧĴȥ
ֱʧȥ֮˺һ˿ҲĥĸɸɾҲײĿɳͷβĹ󣬿ʼԱ¡ıܣǡǡԡ
Ǹʱ̫ˡ
Ū
ߣӦûصߵĵطߡ
׳ȷ顣
ҹ̫ҲΪĹϵòԶȺһĴˡ
õĽ˰ɡ
õĽ𡭡
˵ֻΪǵġأ
î֪
˼ңսѡȨҹ̫
ҹ߻ǱߣվǺܵˡ
㡭ʲôѡأ
î޷ԼЩڴҹ̫Ļش
УҾԲҪɢ
ҹǸĴ𰸣úƤ׷Щ㱡
ҹǣȻûܾӴΪҵĹϵΣҶ˺ˡ
ۿ죬һʱȴޱȼᶨҲʮ꣬кܳʱ䣬ԣȻѾ֪ԭǾûнİ취ҲȥѰңһֱһֱȥô½ۻ̫ˡ
ҹǣҡϲ㣬ԾԲ
Ĭˡ
㼸ȸԾϻϲظ[ϲҲϲ̫]
ҹǻعͷһγ֣ץס޴ָ
Ĵ÷ޱȿֵķӦ
ҹǻ̲סЦ
îĴӰճҲûϵ𣿡
ûϵҹεЦϤζѾͨˡ
㡣
ϲԼҲԼϲ㡣
Ȼݾ鸸ܹദ㣬һҲдƽİ취ɣ
ã޴ҹĵȼϣ붷־
îǡ
ߺͱ֮䡭ûԹ
ĵţƤ׷պһҲ¶˱οǳЦݡ
ð
֮䣬Һĸ״˲һ
ɰű˴ˣұ˴˶š
˵ܹɵ[Ť]ԭ
ҵĸ״˵Ļ
ӦãǺҵİɣ
[îΪʲôҪɱң]*1
ԺʹţȻ⧲˺׼֪뱥ʹʡ
îڽҷӡʮðΡ

îۡ

ȷҹǵ뷨îʱ޴ȥǻغ
ûа취ڵҲӵȥҲֻаһ·
ҹǺϵܣҪѰҽ;ԽӴǾ޷¡
֮ǰѵҹǵúÿסΪǰӻҪǰᡣ
Ȼһᱻĸ߲ΪѰɡ
îЩȨߵ˼άʽЩͷۡ
ҹ̫㲻סڱҡ
Ϊڵ̫ɿأ˵ʵֵֹǿ׻˵ˡ
ϵԼҺӰΣîֻҸĵطһӸҹǣȻһս̵ҹʹ÷ʽһ
ݵˡ
̸ú飬îĵԭλȼꤵҹǳٴȥҹ¸ǰ
ûʲôθڡ
ӴŵŤͷСʣְ֣ʽҲû취𣿡
Ǹҵʽûôȫܡ
îҡҡͷһǳ֪ʶһƽŤһֱӽĴڸӸϸıˣתеĻҿתͨѾʵ֣޷תʱ䡭
î˵ѾӸϱı̬Ǽȶ[]ĳֳϡֻҪֹͿԸԭḶ́[]Ǵĳ̬ת*2
ⲻնɱĳϵͿԽ״̬
îڼʮǰԼˡ
˵൱Ϊʲôְ֪ôϸ
ݲ˳
ǻҪѯʲôˡ
һܴϻ
Ӵʾ£ҪװɵҲ
˳۽޲š
һְ֡ҲǸࡣ
ˡ

ҹֻ̫ӾͰѵˣֻӰѻûøǷҲ㶨ˡ
Ͼŵͷ뿪
îҹǰ¸߳վǰһĶԻݶݣȥɣ̫ģȥ·СһЩϵҡ
ڻҵеĻĲɵĵͷ
ԼҰѵ䡢ãȻͲ֪дϵĺӣ̾˿º͵̧֣Էĺ̷
Уݡ
ǣ
֪ǸĺӣˣѾǹȥˡîɤͳ΢ƣºΣԭûдκһ¡Ǹ
ΪʲôҪǸ
͵ɤס´ɬְ֣Ĺȥסʲô˭˭Ϊʲô㣿
ԼͷŴ˵
îûг
Ĭú󣬺Ƥ׷곤߲ĹִԼꡣ
ǸıǸݣұܺ𣿡
ֻǼ飬ζϣ֪
ΡԸп顣
--------------------
лҪ˵
*1 ֪û˵⻰
*2 ԭ黯ԭ趨î״̬ʱϹĶ衣


91 
ͬʱһ
辮˸šݡӰСܹȥ
ΧĻʵž˱ܵĸеĽס٣һۿȥƽÿ嶰ֻһŵƵġϽֵеɫƫҹûֵ͡ؼòײٶҵݡӰֱӳĬЪ˸ճʱЩ̬
ѻݺסܶԷʲô¶ֱС鷳һ鷳˾ˡٱϵְܵͷĵط
ȻŤͷޡ
ԡ
֮ǰ˳ȥֵĳԸҹ辮Ѿڳ̨֮ǰ˺üɫֻ꣬ǰѵ̫һֱ鲻ʱ̽ѡ
ڷˣôõĹһƺÿ
֮ܶ
ҪľǰԼС麰
ι
辮ոտڳһǰ˾ǡĳһ䡣
һ°ݣ
辮һĵֹŶԷôߵô죬һϽС˹ȥ
һվĳĴš
̨ǧ黤ġ
һǰķϵԺ
ҡҡ׹еȱˣƺΪ𻵵ģٻ֡
ЩΧǽŴʱţͷĽҲƿ¶ڲȡ
ԼƺʲôһֵֻͲܡ
ιݣ
辮ۼע⵽⣬Ͻƿǰ˼ȻɤٶȺһ
ûеõӦ
һ̤ԺΧ΢΢üקס辮Ǹݴ绰ɣܸое㲻̫ԡ
εͷҲãΧôһҲԺ̶ܴݲֵܻطǵĺȴװûġ
辮㶣Ӧ˹ϴˣ
û棬ȻӰһģһ˵ֻײײ͵İˣֲرóαװһȥʼ˵
ʵʼʱҴд绰
Ц򲿲뿿ֻˣκζԼͬر˽ĻݼʱҶ˵绰ֻǷŸҴǻȥעҹǳԣٷְٿ϶ǻΪƽϢѵֶΣ
Ϲʱ辮עȫӲϣԼʳǽһֺ
;Ϳʼ¼·ߣ˳鸽ϡϾزģ⸽ֻ򲻵ҲΪС׵һܵе׼ʩһ·ʱѸҽԺĹһ顭ȷӦʱѾȥСʱˣǡÿˡݡӦ˵ƻݵӰ
ֱڲֻ¡
˲ǻݣѾôãܸûӵ绰ˡ
ǻݡסˣջݵԸҲٴӡ
Ȼĵ׸ֿԣڷѾ80%Ŀ϶ǰߡ
ΪȷٷְٵĸʣͨȴݵĽ

13ꡢһܶµĻ죬˫ֲ嶵СΧ
ںְֱַͳվߣĵ׸ⲻʹ졣
һûеõ𣬻ְǸʱʹڶû
ʲôأ
һֻݡޱȸߴǿ׳ѩ״Ŷβͣۿ־屻ĲͲ׵ɥѹȴڹһ
ְֹȥ׷ʲô
˭
ʲôʱģ
Ϊʲôǣ
Ϊ̫С
ɻԽԽ࣬ݴ˳۽ޣձ־һϯġ
̲סһĻְʼġ㡱Ľ顪ǾȫںԵǰ¾ֱҲп˵Ļ
󣬻ݵڻ䶨î˵Ǿ[]ϡ
[]
ݻĵһ飬î˵仰ٽְ࡭
޷סԼԲԸԵķȥ롪
᲻ᣬǰְֱ˵Ըأ
˵ƶԼԶ޷䣬ƶԼ޷ŤԾͽѵϣ˻ҷϡ
ݣ
ݱԼ뷨ŵһ¡
۾ԲԲģסԭشվá
󣬺ڷڲְ֯ůΧС̴ģ䰡
˵ʲô롱
ôܲ밡ϰ֡
ǡҪĸװ
ڷһڿڴֻս
ú̧ͷᶨ¶ʲôġ
ȷʵˣ߲ͽ͡
¾ԼҲҪ̽ס
룺ְҲԼİ취ǾȥѰҡ
ΪҪ߽Ҳν»ʮʮһҲûϵ
ҷ𡭡ǲŲʲô[]ǲŲ㽵ĸ׸еĽ֡
ǡôʱֻ
óֻһʾʱ
ˣȥúʹҵǸ
ҴԸ񣬻ݾ;δãԻᱻڻģѵŶС¡
ͷۡ
֪ҹȥܲȡ
ݰ˽
洫ƽѯ
[ݣģ]
ҵ֣ǸǵˣҵѾˣھܻȥ
ݿ˵Ȼ󲻸Էʱ䣬鷳һûʲôҪԵĶΪ񡭡
[㡰˵ԭһ˴ܼһȺˡ˵ڲߡ]
õĬĬǿһСġûĲҷȻŽŻ[֮ȷҵֶ԰ɣҺ辮XXͷһ߽һԺҲûӦǹȻ԰ɣ]
Ժü
[̨ǧ黤ġܾúǱֽŰɣʱ䲻̫ãӡ]
ǲңһֱҵͷߣȻЩĵ˵ҲˣҲȥһС̫֮Σա
ģһôʣѿȥ
Ժִʻһ𣬶ٻۼ仹ǡǡҹΪԾ
̨ǧ黤ġ
ĵһ飬ö죬ͷ˼һᡣɫܿԺ¡
ǰڱֽϿԺı
ʲôı
ǼԺʮǰ
ǰ27껹Ӫݱֱ3ǰһţԺ̰ʽթŰˡһǸԺʱΪʷĶȻĵˡ
ΪֹѾꡣ
ֵص㰴ճ˵иලǰ飬ԱȷûΪȥֵ䡭ֵ鲢ǰٷְ׼ȷñЩǴʽ䣬һŻһ
ֻ˵Ǵ¿Էģƽʱû»ٿȽϺá
ǡ
üͷԽԽĵһɲԤСݲɼ֮˿
[֪ھߣ辮ǻȥˣšʲôݣ辮˵Ҫͳҹ]
ͷֵ滺ࡣɵ˵һ䡰áֻͷűʱĴ̶к׵ͻȻͨѶ
ݿ˿ֻ棺

һߡ
˸ոս̤ԺΧΧǽŵ˲䣬ҰȻһ
ǰԭڽֵľɫڵġֻһ㲻֪Դİǿȴ档
Ȼ۾ֻƺûӦͷһۣرŵġԺš
ǡԺڲ


92 
ִͽһ㲻ֱӶȡ
ʵҲȷˡ
ǰԭ沼õ൱ܰװλƬǽģڸÿ˽ԼչʾԺƶȺֻܰ͡ڳűպ󣬾ͱŭļöƻ˶ѡԲǽۼҲ֤ʵһ㣬һԽһѾ顢ҳ˵
˲ŻһžͿһȵ״
ǽҲۿɼĻҡ
ķ̨Ҳҵ߰㣬ԭ̨͹ĸļֽڵ棻ҲĽӴɳ˵ģڲﶼ¶˳һŲ෭Ĳ輸ҲѾһȡѿ辰Ҳûֻʣ˸֦ǡ
꣬ȴϮƵޱưܡ
׾Ͳұ쳣¼λվԭء
ǻӲԴտա
˼άãһʱͷѾͨѶֻ棬ָʶظ²żȻȴζ޷ϵ硣
ڻĵһʱתקڵš
ֽŶţҳֻһĽŰת죬Ȼôƾɵ·ʱʼն򲻿ҧҧڼȿ־ȫһ߹ȥӲ˿
Ȼ۵ױŷϣ
ԭӦͨĴ⣬ȴͬıڵľɫ
ҡڸ߲㽨ھɫ
ǾǸǶ406ŵƣǲԶͨ²¥ݿڣҰԶֵĴڲǿʵ
һ֮
ǰ¥ȴһ¥
ûг·
ⷶ鷢̫⧲˰㻺ʱ䡪λɫޱȲ԰ף༸̼·Ҫһ㡣
ǡôʱͷȵ˺صĽŲа
顢鷿鷿
˻ƵڵĻ¸̶ڼžķڸǱŴ
˲ɺһ̡
߿һŷϵľ޴Ťҡҡλδﴦ¥ݿڹŤͷǿ˲䣬Ϊֹٶ͵ȥȱ߿קϡ
辮̫סͣЩðļӲ˻ȥ
ߣҸطɫѿɿ˵ǸҪ׷ˣ
ԥקס辮ܡ
辮һģò÷סææϻĲ
ûע⵽Լڴԭָ·Ӳˤڵ档
ӲҺ͵ײһ죬ŷ·ˮһ㣬

ͨͻȻж֮ɫ͵һ䣬²ȥ
Ȼȴֻõ޷ͨʾ
һʱѯǼԺĵַӼҴҵǰܵͬʱ·;辮绰ͬ޷ͨ
˵ֻͬʱ
ָ̫ˡ
֪ڵĻݻǼԺĳţɵһʱ׼һٸָʾǰܡ
̨ǧ黤ġⲻ̫Զ
ܲ·Ļյʾؾ뼰·ߣۺϿǻݵٶȣֻҪûߴ·ʮӾִܵ
Ȼʱ̫
û޷˺ͨ˵ʮӡ
ϣûô⡣

ȻɺϷ绯ĽӶķ״һƶԽֵľء
̨ǧ黤ĸ
΢ʹñӵһ˳ŵ辮˸ո߹·˹
һһ޴ԶȺ춹վڶλʾĿĵأĴ
Ҵ壺Ķλǰĵط
üأ
ǰ辮ڸոҵݡʱһʱλ÷Ҵ塣
֤ʵʵǡݡ˺ںĻݽ֪ͨͨ͸ģȻΪͻ¹ʣûü
Ҵ壺Ҳһ·ǰ߿Ȼȸ绰ʡ
:ɡ
˵ֵúûûĹװȺ춹Ȼһִֻ׿ڴ﷭ֻڳֻʱﲻСĽͷװŵһӲŪ˼Ӳˤ䵽ˮ·棬ڰĽֵϷ˽Ӷġ
ԶһǮ
ŵʱ̫Сô˱ףǮ©˷׿ڴмֽңȥԶԼͬʱҲεͲǮȻƫֽȻԶһһǮûǮֻⴧڿڴ
Ҵ忴һź춹ֻͬ飬˵绰ɣҰ񡣡
Ӧһ鷳ˡţҴ壡
ôˣҴӲҰ˻ʡ
ǰġ辮
Ҵ̧ͷǰȥ
Ӱ辮̫һģһ겻֪ʱð˳Сܽĳ

˭Ѳţιɣ
ֵҪͨôЩϼһҲŲɰ
Ҳû취ɣϾֵˡ
ô˵ǻнǾֵѡϷԺΣ
˵Ӳңͦŵİ
ٺ١ǮӮһܰ

ڶʮǰǸƼ̨ǧ黤ǱŵĶ
ԺĮӡԺ˵ĶͨѶΪƷ°ܻĻȺ⡣Ա˼ŹŰˣƵƵǸжιʤΪ£֪ĸļһĳӱܹϷ
Ժʹߵ״᧿Σ
Ĳһ
õȻ죬õġƢͱȼˡ
ûʲô֪ļһ
ڼȲͷŭ£ֻȹȥݵľٶ
󣬱˲˭Уĵײˬֵ
[ң浹ùôˣΪʲôƫƫа]
ÿô롣
ȻⱾӦĹ
ǽأڻԾӲҷΪԺ־

ʤ
εӲ죬˶⡣
·ѵĵʱ㡣

¶Ժ׵պⶰʵȥĩͱһλˡ
ֻⶰ¥סϡ١ͷĽֵϵĲýҲˡ
̴㽫ƬĽ䶨λһĿʵʩص㡣
еš
ڽǰĻʱ˼ûж⹫СϢԺλˡ
̾òΪʱң᲻档˼ȥڶǰһ[]аųǰڻ㶨ǰ[]аѹٿ
Ȼ[]ڷһʧˣôҶҲһȽš

20163Ѯڡ
һյġȫԺھչţⶰĶȫ
ǰ縨ලûпֻύһĽۡ
ֱĳȺ겻Ҵˡص[ȫ]ڣԵĶ[]ð˺ۼ
--------------------
лҪ˵
*ԺԴڹţֻǳھҪ޶󻯵˼ʵϻкܶĻรϹ.jpg


93 
̫ˡ
ֽšƬľ塢ӡģһСľͻᱻײȵȻ󷢳졣
辮˶ڲ¼һţͫ׶Ϊ־ĬķŴһȦ
Ǵʱȫţ죬Ҷ²Сκζ
Ϊ
鷿鷿
ǰǸ޴ɫͻȻ׵ĳ
ﲻظ仰һҡҡλεڷҹ䡣
ڴµƴ壬۾ŴǶԲƶڹĽţʱעŶԷλãͬʱҲԽԽ졣

صĿռڲ[]Ǵҵġ
ÿһͨ¥͵ص㶼ȫŤŽķִͬλҲͬ
ٸӣһ¥Ĵ⿪ͨ¥ķࡣ106Żͨ¥303Ųڡ303Ųߣִ401ŷ⡭
ŵԼע辮ó侲˼Сļʵĵó˽ۡ
Լļ¼λС飺߼ӦҲһĳڲŶԡǻǵǴΧųȥʱͻȻͻȻͽģڲһһִܹŶԡ
Ʋϣ
ĿǰǵŻǵ۾ѹɤΨһİ취ȥţһҪˣԲܷɢ⣬ҲҪעΧһΣգΪΣǲԴУϾֹġ·˵ڷħʱ̱״ҪȴԮĿ̫ˡ
ҴǺͻݷʧҹұ˾ҲܷǱַ˼ɣ
˵߼ֻΪǰܡչաҳ֮ġ

֮ǰҴҹʱҲұֵط
ڻǸӰǡݡʱ͸߾ġ룬ǸӰʵǹֵնɣ
ҪҲ
룺ҴĿɡ
ĵ£辮Ҳܿ뵽ˡ
˲־ֵţһۣ¶˾ġ
Σÿӳȥ
ҪؼңҪ˺ѣҪȥ
ҲҪֹĿ
ǹʼСƶ̽ðΣգͼⶰ֪жٸŵĽѰǸͨϣΨһ·
൱Σյж
ⶰڲйڣ֪жֻңŵĴģζǺܿСĴһŵʱͲӭײЩɲĶ
˵
ոյִһڣǳڵͨ뿪ʱŰѺȻԷˡǡ
ˡ߱ʲôһӦĵصͼš
辮ܹͨƶǱĹҲȻĿԡ
ֲң˻δ뿪ʱžͱһסŰѡ
ڷ䡢ȫյڣֻзһڿ뿪ģζ飬ͷŨ£һռǾͼ֮ͬ
˼ʱ˴ס
ȻֻǰɫҲһ˽
鷿鷿
ﲻϵظţǱХһ˻ȥ߶ŵģҽڲ鷿һ
ϢŵǲŶԷ뿪Ȼ
鷿
ɫĹǻһȦȻվڴߡ
˲Ԥ£ûмǴƵ͵ؽԼһ䣬˲ֵUͣĹĵۿ360Ҷţն˴µϡ
鷿
ŴǼ̵죬ǾֵĿ£ɤ˵

Ҵ壬ߣ
һࡣ
ٵġ辮ӰԺҴջǲǵĺ󳾣Һܲҵһʼͱ׷
һɿŴӵϼһܺݺݳǰȥСһֱڴͳѸһȽжķ˶ͷ¡
Ȼû̫ԵЧ
ֻ
û˺ûи޷ʵԵ˺
ԣǱͨͨҶֽš̴壬ҲĵԶԭ
ûйֶεͨ˶Ϲڷյ޷Ŀռ£ʵ̫˾
Ǹͬ־ֲ
ȻС򵽴Ľ־һȴĵ˺ǰ
ҴԼȴСıצӸֱۡ
䣬ǻͨ˿ڸȾϵġ
ʦӵԿԵֿʴͨȴרҵֻڱȾһ㲽*1
˿ڣֱһССװװһеӡ
Ҵת˼ȻټһȲкľȻӽеöڿУþȫ׼ļС
Ӵ̽˹
ܲ˲ָͲסʧ
ҴûקһţŽ͵ԺĻҡ
ǰš
Ѿµ[Žͳȥֱִﲻͬص]ҴԥĴҪԭ·ءֱ룬ȴû뵽ڵĺűһҴ辮ƿ
ϴ߶ȾҲ˵辮ʶ
Ҵ۾辮
Ȳϲ˫ıˡ
ֱ𱻹׷ɱŵ˾ôʶͣٵĹ򣬽ֻһһҵĶסΨĳ·

˲м俿£亹ֱ
ʶҪѰȴûкʵĿꡣ
һʱ䣬ÿĵ׶еľ
Ȼһ롪
䣡
һ졣
ĺűӴƻ
м裬ûŵɷõſ棬ӰѸǰ
ֻ޴ġݵĺڰȮ
ڲԹҵ򣬶̽Ŷ츳Ȯʽ˵ȫû谭׼ȷͻ˻ҿռĸţǧһ֮ʴԮĿߡ
Ȯһ˲ſ̬ƽսȻͬ׺ݺ;裬
һͺ𣬰ȮǺѷצھֻɫľ޴ӲҪ˺ˣȮ֮һˣ̽һҧסɲҧ˺Ӳֻ˸ƶǡ
鷢Ĺ⧲Ƕ㶵۾ãȻĿֻݵġǣǹ
Ǿǵģ
һ£һֻأ
ŵĴǱȮǵĴעʱԭӦһֻȴʧˡ
׼ȷ˵
жƶ컨ϡ
͹ӣļ·ǣ˵עƿһ·ҧȥ
棡͵̧ͷͫ׷Ŵ󣬴󺰣㿪
Ȯ̧ͷһۣûеһʱԮ
ΪȮһ·ܶע⵽ƶƽϢºѾԮ׼
һʱӰ˲ӿϣл˹
׼
ʽʹеˣ侲
ԥɿңƿմڵӰಡһ̴һֻ䡣
һֻڶ̶һɡ
Ŀ˲ըӰֻ̣䳹
--------------------
лҪ˵
*1 ͨ˱˵ᱻʴ0趨


94 
ӲҵĻ죬Ǵ䡢[ȫ]Ĺؼ
ûκʾĻһʦѷһ㡣
ڻݿԺţҲԻ
ǰͨУϸĵĻע⵽辮ڱĽ̸
[ӲҴջʧ˰Ϊôҵأ˵辮Ҳûʲô]
[Զں̨̫ԶˣϾһذеؽƣңͬҲвͬѧ֮񡢲Ƹ֮ӡλ˵Ҳȷһࡣ]辮̫˵һ棬ԹԵĵͷͣ
զ࣬[ۡҵδ̫˰ɣ]
辮˵[˵ʵһܰæĻԲܾģܾˣҲһѴ⣡]
Ǹʱûûۼ[쳣]գۣ[ۣһȫڽҪֽͽˡ]
鲻飬ҡġ
ڱģҪĻֻ˸ģţʼҲû⡣
ֱ·ͻȻԵҴҸϵ̨ǧ黤ĵĴſڣȴζҲ쳣Լټʱڽ¿ٴԺв׽ϸ΢Ϣ
˵ġӲңӲң
ʺԺһ𣬻ӡ
ͳֻٵڹȸ̨ǧ黤ĺӲҵĹؼʣȻ϶˴𰸡
ǰԺűʱ򣬱ӳļλܹýĲɷá
ǸɷƵ׫дֱ󡣻ݿǼ̵ı
ӳ㻨һСʱڲûģ
[ÿǶᵽӲʣҶӲҵΪ־塣]
[𷴿־ÿÿֻͺһڽ]
дš
־塭ΪߴԵĸ֮һǡǡǵŤԴ
ݴӿڴǮҵһöӲңͶֱͶΡ
ͺ޲ͨ˲һڵӲҵĻ˲䣬ΪʦĿȻŤĿռ䡣
[]
ݵȻأϵĹҲڻݽ[]˲ѡ
[]һˮ롣
ʵķˮ롣
ʦ˵[]൱ʵϵʵķԾ˵Ҳͬ
ؼ飿
[ȫ]Ϊûȫ[]ܹάôʱ䡣ǰǣûʵʣֻܳ䵱ԱĽͲ׽á
˸ӵ׼ؼ˵δؼ̥
һȻ13ĻܹԸġ
Ȼûа
ѻ档
̧Ѿ˵Ĺһܿж

ȮĲһ·ζǰţ;˳ɵ˺üС䡣
ںòҵ˵ʱ򣬻Ҳ侲Ȯԥվڰ̧֣Ӱʽڹؼʱ̸Ȯһֻһ
ǻݵĳս
13һʽս
˵ǲܡ
Ͼ㽵ĸעš
[]С£[ȫ]ҲͬС
ڻݽ[]˲䣬Ǿٶȱѡ
ԶԼҺӶʱڽӶеãȻîһ롣
εǾ취ϢûݺȥԼһǮҹǣֻ룬ϿҵǸîԼǰվ¸ȥҹǵסî˿ʱ䣬ƽɱ༭æԤһĵùݡ
ҹʽ㡢㽻̸֮ƽ˺ܶ࣬ߵĿԴȽͣΪԷһîǸҹһԼͷġϢ
˻ߡ
ȮΪȮʽ̽һһǿîҲ˵ԼԱȮҵԹҵǼΣĺӡˣҲֻûдڸеһȮͻˡ
һΪʵĺܹ۲ܣһûݴ·;䡪îжϻݿɽ䡣
ûк֮ǡ
ڷ۵겢ҪԼĺܡ
ܶຢӶڳɳһ̶ȵʱ򣬾ҪӸĸıӻչ߷ɡ
ǻݡ
һͬʱĵ׳˶˵ĵǸͼϮĵ⣬ҪԼһָ˿뷨
[ݣÿһ뱣־Եʡ]
ְֽĸߴԶǡ
ǵģף뿴Ұɡ
ҵļԲʧ

ԼӰûʲô¶ȣбġ
һֻ䣬ըӰ̷չ£Ѫ©ĽƬűܿ·һȺꡢճҺ㻺ص档
ʬ屻Ͽһξ󣬻ݲŽһʽ
Ӱʱ棬ƬҲ˵ѪƬʱͻȻʧ̲Ӱ˲Թص˽¡
ǰ˼ɨһȦȷʱȫŵǰӰһɢ
û¡ɣ
ݵ۾ոͣԼСϣĵĻﻹû˵꣬һһֻޱ˷ܵĳС˹
ֻȮǰ֫ڻϣë׵ĹǺǰĺΣսȻͬĻ죬ͷ˳ϷġӡβҲҡγ
ɾͰ㲻ʲôݵˡ
ֿѣֻɰġе㺩Ĵ͹
ءȺȮֱ׵İȮԴСˣʹԼͷֵ¡
Ȯףңңëë
һҵ۰ߵرϲʽ񹷹ǣҲͷһʵս
ǾîͶιڻݵʽʱһ鱻͸̬ĹǾԴ򡭡[ʮӰ]ʽʵ֤û簮±񾭳ٶ۵ͨСսıΪȦɵ㡣
ֻȮҳģְֵίҲкúɣ
[ݾͰǱˡ]
ȥְȮǵԴʱºĻ̲͵ĴǼǵ
ȮСƵĵĲУȫʤҲֻҪ佱ǵ׻ǱߵЩִ֪磬ݱһġ
ֻεĿԼֻţĺܺáҪԵ𣿲ԵĻҪʧˡ
Ȯתͳոҧʬȥ
Ȼе㲻ֱӣʽ˵ȫǵʬȴټζ
˳ʵ
ȮԵ̻ʣۺ۶һ𺳣Ͷһ½õ辮ôһ㣬ȻǱȮĳŵǵһѾĻǡ
ô˧ֿɰĹΪʲôҪôĵĶ
⿴ͶѳԵ
⡢Ĳ⡣
ҲܳСܵߡ
Ȼ֪ҴôҲˡһû٣õϢ
辮״̬̫áȾˣǱŵ辮ϴߵĸȾۼϵˣΪء
񵹻ͦġ
辮󣬲Ҫ޳Ȼӣһ仰ȴǾĴ󺰣ݣʦ𣿸ոһֻУиոյĹ
췢Ͱ͵ģôû˵ԼʵĻ
ոôģڸʵǣЩʲô˵ֱ˰۱ڻعˡ
㡭һ۾죬Ȼһ仰˵ͳԼûŪСӣˢˢļ¼ʲôԭˣڳ˵ԭ͵͵һ˳ȴܽɵҲǺ͹ذɣ
ţԶ׼˿
ڼȿ־;£ֻǿĴȮ侲˲ɱǱƵ·ĹĻݣһ̸İȫС
Ⱥ˵У𾪵ĵǺͻʶùϵҲõҴ塣
ҵСǸҹͺڰսħʹҾȻڲ֪
ҴﻰŻεĽͣҵһʵսҲŲħʹ
֮ܶ
֪ڲʲôʺʱҴ𾪺ʲ
Ҳûش辮ʣֻĽĿֱۺ辮ȲԺ˵辮ǱȾˣûôȴ뿪ȥҰʱһ¡
ݲᷴתʽҪȾĲλֻ˿ڴֱǶԾȷҪܸߣʹ໽С
ѹһ²ɢûġ
ݿ֣ûҪұ𣿡
䣿ظһ飬ȻٵĻش𣬡ԣ˵֣ȣСûϵ
ǹϵ󣬸Ⱦǻȫλġˣ񲻴Ǻ£˵ʴĲ
ݣݣ˵ȵ辮ſϣŵָԼʣô죿ȻⲻʹֻʹϾֲ̫ˣ
Ǳ۰ڵĿɲۼһ㸯ʴϵҲۼ辮ֱϵӣʵ쵽˵SANֵ
ûϵġݰκãȴǳȥ
[]ˡ
ῴһ
һˣְһڸ
îڽ䱸ţڰ˶ͳȥ֮ٽ[]ֻBOSS
ٵʧȥɼְֻ˵˶ɾ
߰ɡݸתͷԼȮ
Ȼһ̣һ̽İȮȻ䣬ȮҲ͵̧ͷǡȹǷӦһӰֱһȭȮҪϮȥ
ĳը졣
԰ͻϮ쳣ͻȻֵĸߴӰ
˫Ӵײ˾޴һͻȻֵû١һ˰̵Ľιצӱ׷ס
ƯİɫȮʽԲ۾عƺŵˣһƤëը𣬽ŵĲڰ׷
ǧһȮĺƤ鰵ĺȵȮǰͬʱƺ̫ˡ
һ̣˵Ĺβֱް£ֱնϮֻͼɱȮ׵צӡ


95 
Թ[]댝ѾΪȮʽȮسĿǰԣǵûܹȮҵߣîûкͻݷͷжıҪ
ڴǰ£îѡĬĬں󷽳䵱һ໤ߣǻݺȮܿԼٽČ˾;κδϺ͸档
ǶȥԵĳҰƵġ
һС￿̡̻ʵս飬һ澯Χǰ޷ǿ
ǵġ
ԺȻǱһֻݶԹǿļһ
[]ǸûʽЧ[ȫ]еĺҲݺӡһʶʦ㡣
îڽԼҺӵĲ·;УһֱڴŰĺĹעܡ
Ƥ׷ϰϢʦĴڸûʦ츳ͨˣҪ˵ĻűȿҪӹѵһ㡣
òϣĳ£һ൱ʺϰϻҲΪʺǱڰ䱸
îڰ
ǼҵĻݺǼҵȮһ·Ķֵĺܺãȫ̶δʧȥ侲ͺ֮ǰѵһֵΪ
ֻѲ䌝սʱϣǻӰһ·ɴ侫׼Ѹľһɶܹîһߵķ
ֻǵĳսѡ
ϸĵοһӿ޶糱ˮڷĿ
ȷʵʦټš
ԺΪ洫ʽ[ʮӰ]Ҳ鴫Ȯƽѹѣؼʱ̵һҲӡ
һ˳ҵˡȾ壬ûӡǵ¼ͨ˵ʣǸ˵漣
îڰ[ħ]۲һᣬҰиɫֲ֮Χķжϳϵʴɢĳ̶ȲҲûеһʱ䱩¶λΪǽơ
Ȼƻîǡ
ǼӱϾ⻷Ӱ죬ʱӵе[ɼ]δʧ
Ϊ[]ݹڻîһȲѵ⡪Լ֌ͻٸش֮龰һٻܿԼǰ
ң⼸Ÿովôµ飬ڴŻҪһɣ
ΪܵˣԼܹǴ㹻ȫеСʦݣõѡ
îһĺڲ֪Ѿ㹻㡢ܹɴ״ˡ
飬ֻҪڰҺӵľʱ֡СĻͻ뿪ͺá
ûк֮ǺΪ곤ߺͱߵŻԷءȥѻھ˵Σսɾ
Ȼ
îһУ[ȫ]ܹʵʵȺΨһĳ뿪
Ȼûô˳

ʽʽʹһϵʽʹ˵ĳɳӣʽҲӦĻ
ͬʱ۵սͨɶֱ׽еȡͬϷеװԼӳɰ㣬ʽֱʵ
ΣȮʵոٻʱ򣬺ǿһݡ
Ҳǿצȡ
Զֿܹؼˮƽ
ؼͷؼ֮ʵԡ
ȻֵĿռŤȻֵؼîڲ쳣˲ͺԭȵĸȫȮױЩɱ󳹵֮Ժ
û˿ԥľͳ浲£îһͷֳɡƶİ׷˫ĳ£Ƥ׷Űĺ䵭ĶϮûٵ
ֱްĹβǳͽζնˌ
˳һʹֱ۳ذסɴչʽ[ֱ֮ħ]̴Ŀλں֮㣬Ȼȴ㿪ˡ
׼ȷ˵ǿռ䱻Ťˡ
ܹ[]Χеʵ֮ʽҲ֮ء
˲Ʋͬڶ̾ϰֱԵĴЧ
ȷصĿռ˸Ȼ߿ռһƵġ
⧲îĹβնؼ̥Σкǿ
ڼ̴֮˲䣬ͳ汾ֱܴԤ¶һʱŤîǵ㡣ȻʱԼʩʽЧֱӺǰĲ֪[ͬ]˾롣
ѳİؼ̥Ļͷհ׵ٶîԼîŵİ׹ϡ
벻ͨΪʲôͬΪ[]ͬҪȥ࡭Ҫٻʽ
𣡡
ըëİȮîǰ̽һë׵Դ
ȮǌɫͫƺеûӦκĳŌӺ﷢в͵ӵĽ
СףǵģǴ򲻹İؼȻ򲻹ǼҰְ֡
С׵βٶȿֵҡٻ.jpg
ȮְֵֽȣֱȮ񣬽ʵײײȮ壬Ų鲻Ը롢øҳ鷳
ؼ̥һĻٶ˻ҡ
ʵǸ㲻ΪʲôʦٻʽҲǰİ[]޵⡣
󷽡
عʶովʲôĻ亹ð˳Сף
ݽŵĺֻȮ˲˶䡣ǵĶⶶ˶ֻȮһһҿٵܵСߣƵ򌝷֣Դ˲䡣
[û£]
ȮŬ͸¶˼
໹ĻһεرסԼĺڰȮ
֮ܶ
ǵ鱾Ҳ໥龰ôîʲôˣֻҪߣؼ鶼һɽΪ
ȫϢîȻһ̶ǻ۵ĺʵֻûٵĹ﷽ŲǿҵΣУҲ˳㿪ʧ߰˰ˡ
[ͬ]ĹƺΣգʽ㿪ͺˡ
ؼ򵥵뵽
Ȼҡҡλŷ˵ڶϮ
îŲæü󷽵辮̫ȻĿע£ǿĹβΣյĹǴ̡ź[ħ]ƽȻǰ
һ̣Ǵ֮
һûз[]ʽĿԡǡîó¡
ڶ̶գ۵ʱ䣬һǰһʤ񶷵Ӱ𺳻档
Ƥ׷鷢ļĺۼҰԵУĹβһɨԲĸֽǽٵӼǳİ׹̫УѸĻ£ƿӶһŵ
ؼ̥Ԥ댝ƻĳס
ÿǰǣ÷ӦĹҷʽȻîĶǷѾѾʽĪһδηǿĨȥ
һʱ䣬辮ͨ£[]ѹԵʵٶնĿͷ­
ˣ
[ȫ]ʧ¶ԭĽڲîűԼĳƻ֮ؼ̥ʬ壬ȷѾû
Ϊ̥ûзͱԺŵĽ
Ϊǿһǻ۵ؼﱾܵô׵ȥ
ֻؼ̥
ǰɵ˽̷Ժа[]
ֻ̥Ľ̼ӿ
Σ£ĳֱֻ̥ӿһ˳׷˸ѿǡ
îģֻ̥ǰˡ
ʵؼ飬ͻȻͺŴͷ컨ǽ£ؼϢصͷţ·Ҫһѩǰܰ㣬ȫؼӶƤſĲ̵ľ޴Ŀ꾫ȷîͷ­ҧȥ
ְ֡棡
îڵͷעŵźĻʶſ죬ܵĽ󺰡
ͬʱֱ̧֣ӰӽȻӿΪ˹
îͷҲδ̧ݵĺֱӾѸֳصһβͽϷ͵Ϯɨ


96 
ؼ֮ĶС
˫ͺͳˣػƫƫǽխĵط
һ˲ʤؼֵ֮Ľǽꡣ
ֻռϵֱϵƫڽսɵî˵΢е鷳
ΪŭĹϵɱ¶Щڴ̼־ɵһֻؼ䡣
ƫƫîʽһֲֻ̫ã͵î׼֮㡱ĵһԷ˿ռλñܿ󣬱һ˲ĽսӲӵʮ֮
ΪֻԺеؼֿȫ޼ɵîȴС
ҵҪ˼ǣͬʱҪעⱣأһЩԵ˵Ļɽ̮ĹƤ׷ҪӲǿпŤת⡣ͬڻ£ǿîĽҲҪ
ǽҲǾĶǵĺۼ
ӵġҪǻ˵ǵԴҲʹļ
ѹʵî˵վֻ̬鷳һЩѡ
ԷԱʽϱնɱؼʽʹõƵԽࡢʹõԽңԽױսǿ߿򡢽һδεնɱ
îҲʦ򽻵Ĵֻ಻١
ǿʵ֮һǵǻˮƽҲʹֶ֮Ρ
ƣҰ޵Ҫһ㡣
Юʡ
îԷᡣ
ÿġ֮㡱ֻһƻ֮㡱ֱĨȥȫ[]Чîս׼Ŀꡣ
żڡ֮㡱λùڵꡢֱϵĶ;ǰ£Ұеġ֮ߡҲʧΪһֶָΡ
֮ߡг岿λӦǡɸԭˡ
ޱǿؼҲ޷ֶת[ħ]ȫиĲλ
˲ôھԵʵ£վǴˡ
һսʮսڴʱڴʵûʲô̫Ĳ
ؼ̥Ϊؼ顢ϻ۵ġ˵ȫԸڷѡü
Ҳֻӳѡ

îβͺܳʲôҰ޵βǣָⲻͬҰ޵βûôͣҲûô絶ĹǴ̡
ڴʱîĹβͶǴ̣ɹ⻬Ļ档ǲĻݡŵ㣬ǰæ˶ĹߣҲǼС²ܹסȻЦקʩ㡣
ʹõĴָ
ͷîΪõ츳޷ջصĳǺͳβ̺ȻҪԶڹͷǿ
ˣîĹβȫؼɨ£ڶԷ䵽е˲Ѹʱһնɱ˵ͼתλõʽһɱΡһЩ𾪣Բ۾ŵĹûɢȥ˶˺һᡣ
֪ԼҸ׺ǿѹԵĽҲ֡
ֻǡСʱ򾭳ΪߵĹβײеı֣һֱվ¶ȵ΢С*1
Ҳ𾪡
ͻݵɲһϾîǷ࣬ôǿ󣬶ڲͨ˵ҲûʲôֱӸǿҲ̫׷Ķ̬ǿħʦչħһ֪ԷֶΣֻǵ𺳺
𾪵ģڻݷʶĺ
ְ֡
G
GGG
Ϊ׽ˣҴ彩ӲŤͷŶԷ
[ң֮ͣ䣬ʵûѪԵϵǸԵĸ뿪ˡ]
[ֿɿͬʱǡ]
Ҵ廹ǵúͻݻ󣬶ԷᵽЩڱҵ顣
ԼΪʲôţ

ΪСѧʱΪͬҴδѵļҳμӼҳᣬԲЩǡ
ݸĴǡ
[ҰְţҪȡģǹʱŻһ㶼ڼңҳᡭҲûʱ䣬ģҰֻ̫æˣʵÿ춼ǵ״ġҲǳҵ]
˵仰ʱЩΪѾᣬᵽĸ׵ʱȴʮ׽
Ҵһȷǳ𾴱ҵļ໤
ϾһûѪԵĺӣ㹻İĺ͹ػһ˳ɫ
ô£
ǰᵽǡǰλ
˵λôеϤ
ֻҴоҲͬˡ
׷ɫƤǺ͹βСɽߴ͡
ǡ
ĻǱ辮ƴ̽ѵġ
ɫ辮̫ʱ˿ȫ˿־Լϵˣ͵رñŵһѹСͷһǰ㡪Ųòǰ
ݣݡ辮Ŭѹɤȴûʲô̫Ч˶õˡ˷ܣͰ˺һᣬŽŵǺʣ˵ĺӣĺӣ
񡭡
һڶʱȻ
⵱ȻϤˣ辮ϵСͽÿ˶չ羴ˣÿ춼ᵽΡ
ŷԼ¡
13۾˶٣ź췢辮̵Сش𣺡ȷʵǡֻӶѣȻҲźҵȷͰְûѪԵϵ
辮ӣ
Ҳ˲ˣ
辮١
ĺӣ
ֲûôصĳ̶ֳ˵Ҳ˵Ĵ˰ɣʹߣ˵ʹߣ
ҵͬͬѧҵǰ
Ү
һ£
辮ȻʲôͽȻһ
Ǹݡ
ʲô
֮ǰҪġҸЩĺйصĶ
辮ɰͰͣȵ
ڵ֪ݺîĸӹϵ辮ʱܸ߳ûˡ
оԼǰһһɸСƽʱ˹ˣһʶԼΪܱĶ֪̲סʼ˼ԼûɵΪҵ£һЩûʲô˵С⣬Ҳᱻ޷ŴΪϣԼ𾴵Ķǰֵá
辮ֶ̫ڲ
ҲĬһᡣ
辮ȥ͸Ĺ[]Ķȫת͸ԼҸס
Ȼû˼˵ݺܸм辮Ҳ͵Ķ
ҲΪˣҪЩ͸Լİְ֣תһۼԼҸòɳ羴⡣
ݣҸ˾ûĶÿһҶǳϲϧһҪǸΪЩȷʵת͸˰ְ֡
辮ʱCPUըסˡ
Լָ⣬Щڣţҵʱǣ湩ְֵĶȻǽ˸ðɣҰְҲܸˡ辮
辮̫ͷΪȶŵһޱ߳ܵı
ȡ
֪Ҿ͵õĶˡʲô
îȻĶǵһʱעȥؼ䡣Ƥ׷ͷŵ汻βͽɱʬ壬ȻٶƶԼĹβӶԷʬ嵱Уһָ
ؼ
îһ۾˳
֮[]ָ
ֻǧһ֮ȫҲǶָԵʡ
[]ָǲ[]ĸġ
ԻΪʶ˯ΪۣĨȥ˱ƻĿԣӵ俿ʡ
Ψһķֻ󸴻ҴݻͲӵвƣᱻ¸ĸһʧ
ǳΣա
îЩصָϢŽ˿ڴ
һô
ڣתԼҺӡ
ݣͬѧȥɣѾˡ
ԭ޴辮̸ĻӦã
î˿һȺ꣬ԥһᣬӳȥ
ߵĺҲкŬķԼ顣
辮С˵λŵ飬ȷǳѹȸС
Ҵ룺߽֮󣬸о߶񱻶ԷڵðһЩ
ڳ˵ȷЩ˲Ͼ׹״ĽβȷʵЩ顣˸׵Լһ֤ʵġݣվ˶Ρ
îվ辮ǰ˵ŶԷǰ
ν壬ԾЩšǰ٩辮״򲻶һ²ûжôĵ̫졣
辮Ҳ壬Ҳ
ǡǸ辮Ͱͣģ˵Щʲô
ӭģȴǷĴΪСǽӴСһ仺֡
ִ辮ĺ췢ϣࡣ
辮۾
桭辮˵Ϥ
ͺ͵Ϊͷ췢Ĺϵ׷ɱС˱[]ʱ龰һ
ᷢʲô
辮룺ҵ˻תۼϣٸе־ʹࡣ
ͺǸʱһ
˻˵
Ѿûˡ
辮̫丯ʴ˵ת˲ϣĶʱһůû
ۿҲ޷Ƶķɬ
췢̲ס¶˷ǳõЦݡ
--------------------
лҪ˵
*1 ãһֶºվ𷴲ǿмǿǸ


97 
һֺ
ͬʱǿǡ
ìܺͶڡˡϱֵ쾡¡

Բ߰İɫܼҾĵ̳Ŀʳࡣ
ɫƤ뵽⣬͸һҰζѪ̰ĺɭɭĹǽβȴԶ׼ĴŲϢ
îӵ90%ƵִɽҰްķ
ˡᡢֽȻ෴Ľһչڡ
辮̫ƽ߶š[]ˣʵϴûôʥ
áֵݣҪ׼ȷһЩ
˵飬ʵƹ֡
ÿһںѪȵաﱻîȣۼĺ췢ӣһĳƺΪ[]
ΪеĸапĹ˫װķȥʹɿİȫС
һ˵ĺûһ˵Ը޹ء
ߴֳȣԡΪîǾ߲ɾıʡ
[]
[]ӣһǌģ
ǲܵ辮ĸŶΪĸգÿ˶ĵð϶뷨

辮ϱ丯ʴĵطʱ˲а࣬Ѫ˿Ҳڷתʽٶ
ˣֻҪ˿ڵģֻǲˣҲһͷһ顣
îȷÿ˶ƽ¡˿ڶϺ󣬾ǳǳ˿Ƥ׷ҡһβͣڵıܿ˷ܵշ辮ߣƽČݵ˵ͷź׵ʧԭء
ݺԼҸײδߵ̫Զ
Ҫ뿪һԼҺӺú˵
˻ݿԿ϶ԼҰְʮа˾ĬĬ˸ĽĬĹ۲졢㻤Ⱥ˻ޡ
îˡѹֹȥ׵ĽͻЦųƺîΪػ顱
ݺȻĵԱ
һӦԼСî뿪˲ըʣһŤͷߴȮֻһһ׵Ĺս׽ĵһʱվȥ˲îȣȻ󻶿ܵؼʬԴãֱî뿪һĸɷ
ȮҪԿһˡ
ءŵȮ˺ҧţûǷӦݵĻβҡεķɿ졣
ؼʬ󣬌ʽ˵ѵõζȡԴ
Ҳؼʬ匝Ȯĳɳкܴٽã˴ߴֻһᡢȮʬȻɢǰʽ
Сǵʡص飬ʵһòҪͨˣѾСۼӶĹ죬Ҳֻܸ˵Ĺ
ܱԼȥϲ顢ɢϢá
ǰʶԵĲּ򵥵˵͸ҲܱδһЩçײ¡
һעΪľ
ǽҲʮа˾˯žˡ
֪龭ʱûиһһݵʿܿɣԭǾķԼСڶ̶һҹڳɹ辮̣ÌһŲ
辮ͬˣΪʲôҴﶼĬĬͬ˰

һﲻΨ𣿿žͲǻͣǰ辮ڡšΪǿΪĵôˣ
ֻ˵ЩУޡ
صԼ˫ʿļ磬һ˵ı飬һû˵ܾţˣ㲻֪ʵҲǺ¡
ݰвҪ֪֪߹ĬĬࡣ
ʿ

Ϊһܵļѵܿͽˡ
ʱ䱻辮־ĻһĻصҡ˿±ĵһʱȥԼҼˡ
ְ֣ǴҸĹ
˵ţһԴԴϵĴӰͳһزһӡ
ڷ۾̲ס²۵һ̨УұԼزģ辮ǵ֪֮һȥѡҴ̨زˣԼ֪ʲô
һϲøóһҧһڣȻڳݲʻݷʲô¡
ݾͰѼѵľ¸Լҽýһ顣
îţû˵ֻ΢΢ͷһӵġ΢΢ͷЩã޴룬̲סС̧һϲø￴˿
ü۲Ծ滺˿
ߴŵĹβڵһһµҡš

ҹ̫סîҲԶһСڡġ
ǮîˣҪƷҲîǮ롣
ԵͶιδؼҵĻݺͽͺîʱ꣬ٶ˵ͶιжҹǱʾԼîҲûֹͣһΪ
ϾҹڸîѵƽѵľˣîȻÌؼ֮ҪŶӻѴʱȥ
ǵġ
ҹڸîѵ
λ곤ĺڷѧϰİ취ͬʱҲŬס
ΣҪȫǿռʮؼԹ飬ҹǱҲӵӦĻСȻԼ˵ĻҹǰΣΪһе͸̸侲
⣬ҹҪѰҽİ취ܹȥıҲǱزȱġ
ҪȌһʦʵҪ̣ϾΪؼ࣬ҹ̫ȫƿס㣬һᱻСִֹĸ߲댝
磬Ȩվĸ
ҹǱȻҪռһС
æ˰ºٶîҴš
һʱ֪ҹǵĴڣ˲ٵĴîˡ
Ȼͷ۲ãĬҹϹ۲š
î̵ĽҹǺĹ˵һ顣
ຢӡ뱻ߵĹ¡
ţīµ۾岻ɶ˶٣͵һ̧ͷֱֱî
׷ǿʦîĲ²⡪ԭΪڻɲĲĵףʱ˿̣ٶȱ˳
ȻîɸȻ򿴲쳣
޷䡣îƽ˵ҹ˵ҪǰѰҰ취뽫⺢Ӱи㣬ֵطҹǾûӻĻܴȥܱģʶ˵ֻʵˡ
îǡãҼǵ˵ȱ֡ҹǵ츳ܳɫҲǸܺõĺӣ˵ҲܹΪͬ飬Ҳܹݡ
ǰͣٺĳĬƺҹˡ
15ĺڷ꿴ǰλ˵Ψһ취ˣЩŵľʮȾϹһŬæģᣡ
ûоܾ˼عŤͷǰ꣬¶ЦݣĺҿɲŹ㻹îܵġã߲Ǳߵ¾ͽҰɣȸîѵпյĻҲ̵㣬ĻҪһܴȥ磬һĻҪѧרˡ
ҹ˿ǣ
ϲǣڴҹǵºλǿƵƵűҵļ໤Ӱ
挝ǰ
ͬһ죬硣
ͻȻ
ţôСݣ
һټȻGʲôԳ䵱Ͱม
ˡ
ڷ۾վλ䷹ĺƤǰӌĲŵͷϻĵֱ˵
ҴΪʦҡ


98 
סˣһ
˭˵ϲܵڱģ˭˵ܵģ
ⲻô
һƽ޹ջӵ򱻴һʱӣ޲ͷ˵䡰áͲǽǴܡöԷˡ
ǵǰһֱʦȱȱʦҪҽļᶨ־򡭡Ϊ˱ⱻĳλ簮ӵĴҳᣨԷץŴһС£һ˿˿ˣֻܰĵĴȥѡ񵱸׵ĳˡǰ˵
ȳͷʵôͻȻıˣ
13Ļޱı۾ƽĺ۾˵īӡ
򣺡ҳǰһμʱ㲻ԳΪְҵʦûʲôȤô˵ʦҲݺʹְ˵ֻһʦԣĻ
Լϼŵīһӳ˵ӰĻһ磬ʽͱȻᱩ¶ѪҲض޷ڣע˲Ϳ̽
ʱҪعֽƽճͼǲܵˣʵ˵ְݵʦҲûܹعƽӣ˵һ㣬νƽҲֻԶ԰ˡҲûϵ𣿻ݣӦûϧڵӰɣ
ոⲻŵǿʦڷŶ̬Ⱥ󣬶˲١
ĵȷȷʵ
ӵе[ʮӰ]ΪšΨһɱ[][]ʽߡڣȻΪԵʶ߲ҵĹע
Ժңϰ洫ʽ̳ڳ֣Ȼ׷Ź
˱ӻšʱ޷֣۲졢⡢̽ƵȸָĿ⣬Զ߳Ŀ֮µĻʧݱǿ֮ҲֻͬǱֵĳ̶Ȳͬˡ
ǿͬЩһ
ϸ۽΢ţ棺ǵģѾˣûϵҲڵġҲᾡ㹻ǿǿܹú档
ԸΪʦ˵ȻǺ£ܵøһɣȻһᱻî鷳ġ۲Żݵ飬һ˼ţһòŵ٩Ȼˣî˺áʹġ
ȭȭ֣
ݣ
٩٩ʵ϶Ѿ˵²⡣
ϾݵԸͦöġ
⺢ӵıʴСûôһᶼӼʤԼڻͻȻԭΪ[ҽ]룬ѡԭȤ·һߵѲϵ
룺ΪʲôˣԲѡɣ
˵ҪѰʲôҪĶߴ𰸡
һҪΪʦ̶ȽӴͨ˵ҵ
ҹ̫Ѿ²⵽򽫻ݵͼ͸
ֻǸı뷨˶ѣʦҲʲôְҵݾһᣬͼؾĻشڰְǱߡһǰ˵ġ
Ҳ²¡ǿʦͷ΢΢ѹͣԭĲŵʧӰ٣šǺîйҪȥѰҽîİ취
ݣ
һ͵̧۾ԲԲģĿǾɲ
ƺһСţɵʼ磬ȻսͬîȻģķҲʲͨáǻı뷨ѡΪʦԭɣ
Ǳî޵߰ݵĺ֮һ
Щʲڣȥʾȫû⡣
룺ݿ϶˵Ļ
նʱһƬž
13Ļһʱ䲻֪õͷϣǸô֪ıȽϺá
˵ƽʱȻԵݣô˵Ҳǰְ׿ڳϵǿʦʲô˵˲֮һļƽմîְͬݺͲѵʱҲȷž˵ʵ
ԣԷǲѾ֪أ
ֻǰڰְֵ󣬶ЩСӱܶѣ
̬ԻĻݳá
ڶԷƶ£Ӧһ

ӲǸողִᡢһ¶ǵְӦû˺ܾˡ
٣һǶ˵൱ʱ䡣
ʱǨᷢ˷츲صı仯
ٶߵȺУѾİΧ롣
ѾûмϤˡ
î֪Ϊʹࡣ
ʲôһָоûоˣԶҲ޷ͬܡ
[δ״̬±ĻͨһȫȫɢɣΪ㲻һߡ]
ڻɿĸףȻźԼͬһĽ飬еζ˽ġ絶ʡ
ΪîǷĵΪ곹׻ҷҲҪȱŤ̬õöࡣ
îջع񡢲ΪγɵıԼ˲İǿа[]Ŀԣҹǵѡ뷨һ˲չ¶̬ȣĽî˵Ը¶쾡¡
ǿֿɿļ໤һֱҪõѡ
ڷҲİ취Ҳ޷˶Ϻ󣬾ͿʼڴŻҷӵν[]졣
ֻǴ˵ѡ
Ȼ˵
ûĻֱĺӳ󡢳ꡢϡȥ˵
îЩδᵽ˵Ǹ[Լ]һ
ɲԼ
îһֱȴš[Լ]
ʵ²ѾˡԶҲûϵ
ûϵġ
κ֡
ڲ賤ϡȥǰ֪ԲʼµîҲɻᱣֲ߼Ųɡ
ݲ֪îͲ[Լ]
֪Ҳֺ͡йص[Լ]
ȥȥ[]
ְҲԼİ취ǾȥѰҡ
ǻݺԥѡԭȤĵ·ԭ
»ʮʮһҲûϵ
ҪҲҪְȥʹࡢڰ֮ż˵Ĺһĥ
ġꡱӦعֻزŶԡ
ΪΨһһӵʦ츳࣬ȷʵ˺îԼ㽫ʵ߽κһˣֻǽѵľԼ϶ѡ
ĸԸڡ

ҪΪʦ飬Ȼڱ˶
ϾһˣǶ֪жôն˵ԼԲҪʦ¡
ͻȻı⣬͸¶֡
˼˻˺Ҫ¡
ûж±ֵҲֻǶ΢۲߼Ŀŵ٩
ݲ˵ûҹǣҲ֪ĲҲֻԼһ۲һеƲ⡣
îüͷĴˡ
Ϊʲôټĳ˻ݵԸ
ְֲܻѡΪʦɡ
Ȼݲ
13꣬¿ѧʽж꼶Ļݣǡôഺڵĸ߷ڡ
Ǵҳ˵ʲôʲôĹԺˡ
Ϊݺ¾ҪȥУҪȥУԼɥ׵ʱͲȫ
ǡ
õڶȥϻ滭ࡢȥ洨ԭʱîͻ̸ˡ
ݡî˼ȣ鵣࣬ⲻǶϷҪΪһʱ嶯޷ͷشѡҲΪʦΪʦɱΪԼУǲʲôɵĹҲҪΪҶѡ񣡡
ҾΪԼᶨͷηĺʹ˶ӣҲôÿһ춼ᰲģкú˼˼Ǻľ
ҵ䲻ܽΪϵǶ֮ģҽϵʩѾȥˣҪֶͨȥת취һڡѾԹˣݣ㹻ˣˡ
ڲ֪ͼȥңҲԼȥ죬İ취Ҫȥ̽Բھ֪ҲһܳɹĻһнеˣ棺׷Ҫϰ֣
ݡ
£㷴ҲҾҳҲҪȥ
ǡ
ݸɴĴϣס䡢˳۽ޣֻҪ֪㱻ϸȥ׷ʲô顢Ϊʲôӡ֮ĻҲ
î
ϣ˵˵ȥûһЭ
ϸοͬʱǵ޿κΡ
˵ڣ
ĺѸ㡣
òϸ͵侲תš
߳ȥʱȻͲԶطβŮߡ
΢΢۾
Ӧóȥ洨ԭҹԢĲ費֪ʲôʱˡ
⡢տŸ׺ѧһױϰ¯ࡣ˫ע˴ʱССŮ֪ʲôʱվ
Ȼһ֪˶á
ſڡ
̧һָԼ촽м䡣
ݰŹˡ
ڳĬ֮󣬳֣ٶźϢĲȥ


99 
Ϣ
ƽõһֵֻСڸǿС̫ⰲҲܹڰľСǡ
ô·ܲôܰϢڵСմ˽̵֪ʶ
Ǹš
Ȼǻ۱ȲҲǰţﲻԼĲΣǵʵ̫ףſ۽ĻѾǾеˡ
費̡˶񾭣ǳȫķչš
ȫҲһ־˵츳
ʹϵ޷ʹеӴûʽ⣬ʣµģֻҪԸȥѧû޷յļܣִܹһɫˮƽ
Ϊ΢۲ǾûܹǰԼʵڸҲѧϰĹУĿȾŮǽ
ɫβŮͨ۲⣬ƶϳԼֳ͸֮ìܡ
һʲô¡
Ȼһ㽸׵Ļݸ粻ܻîְƢ
Ȼ׷޷õ𰸵ġ
ĳЩԽİְ֣ϲһ˵µĻݸ磬ʱϵɥ
ûжûҲһ·ϵӽǰǿΪ˲ݾߣֻܹԼĬĨǵ̽
ֱݺȻԼԼҪΪʦʱ򣬲˼ìܵķ򣬽ſĹ۲жϳìܵĲԭ͸ױйء
ͰְйأܹûݸƢ¡ͽȻͲһʱðС
װ׼ʱ͵Ҳȷ֤ʵ˲Ʋ⡣
ҪԵ顣

걻îġ
ҲǱΨһˡ
꣬ǸîСȸЩСЦݡ̧ץסİĿ¹βůõһеĹ¼Źǰʱ˵˾ͷ˷츲صı仯
Ժŵ˵ǱγɵĹؼ
ԣ˭ܹîЩڻܹӴ˵УҲֻвܹ˵һˡ
Ȼî⣬˶㡣
îػͬ͡޹ϵҲ洨ԮΪӡڣȻһͬΪ޸ĸΪܿżĹ¶УΪһĺӣܹȫְֵˡ
ͱҪ׼ҡ³ĬĵĲ裬Ҳܹɴϻ۵ĴδᵽԼĳ
ֻҪˣѾ֪Էǹ¶ǰ£һҲȥ׷飬Ͼʵд˰̵ɡ
ⲻȥ׷ʵɻһ㡪豻îʱʵ̫Сˡ
ڳɳĹУǰļ״ʧ˽֮Ϊͯʧ֢һЩص¼֪ʶͼ䣬ճᱻΪԲһЩڵļƬ
һʼǲʣĻǲΪ軹ܼǵסٱǰ¡Ҳȷֵǲǵڵˡ
û֪硢ڡ׼ҡ
Ҳû֪î롰׼ҡĹϵ
߼ô¡
Ψһ⡪
ĴԷڳˡ
ӵеġͯʧ֢Բ˵ȴڡ
2֮ļ䣬ûаȥ䣬ҲܹӰޱ
СֻΪһЩԭ򣬹װǲסѡ

ٶ͵ţ˳ѻҲ˳ȥ
ոպԼһСһԵľܳţڼҵϸڷ󣬾һ桱ҲۣݺͲߡ֮ЩӲ
һǰһڽϣ˭û
Щ֪˶١ղ̶ȣֻҪ׽ؼʣܴƲ˰ɣ
ӲɱҵĳԱԱ˴˵⣬¹ǵĴҳܳЩʲôĻÿ˶һ岻ݴǡ
ΪˣݲŻôһ㶼ϣҲԼȥ硣
Ͳȫ޷ʹ޹ءʵĻݶԲˮƽĵġʽܴ򲻹衣
ֻһλ˫ĸԼСõıѡ
дš˫ꡱֵĻݣҿԴΣְҵòС
ڲҲû㡣
ʱῼǼ硣
һǲٴ̼Լϸ׵񾭡ݸһڵģһîܼ
ڶΪڲȥ
׼ҵʦ轵󣬸ı˷չԣѾʵļҵ׳Ϊ߲㵱еҪһԱ
ʺ⣬һ磬һ߲ע
ֻΪ޷ʹдͳϵų⣬ȷʺ󡭡Ͳô򵥵ųˡ
裬ˣǿԱԼ֮ǰԲܽԼʱ¶ȥ
Ȼ֪Լîڽ̵糣ʶʱһൽ˼ô
îͺ׼ǧġܱȺH϶֪顣
һӴ޷ʹãҲûʽһӣΪĸ塱
ǡ׼衱ѱᱻ߲㵱еĺ׼ҳԱ쳣ʱ򣬲ֻǲ裬ǵĺ׼ɴŶᱻǣȥ
侲˼ס
ߵ˹԰վ˰Ľ
ְϵ䣬ô£Ȼʵ¡
Ȼʾ䣬Ůůɫȴƽ·ѾһС
ݳĬţա
ݲҲа취Է˵ϾǴСһ𳤴ãԱ˴ĵ
׼ȷ˵Ƕͬ㡣
Ϊ[]㡪ͬʱҲԴԴϵԴȪ
аְֹȥȻ࣬һͰְйء˵ԣݸ磬ңְôˡ

ܶ飬Сʱ򿴲ܽ쳣
ڳɫļĳЩʱ򣬲ʲôɵ顣
Ϊʲôְֵһ˴ں׼ҽصĲլԺ
ΧϵһӡǵլԺ
Ϊʲôְֻһ̵ֱ֪ķĹ
ǽһţûκ˼ݵķĹ
ûʶ⣬ڳȥ䣬ֻϢ
ıߣѾȥ˵ʩߡϣ̫뵽î֪ˡ
軹ں׼ҵʱûнܹϵͳͺ׼ҵķչתйϵ֮ܶǸʱĲ裬[]ĺ塣
ԲŻᶨԼ
[ΪʲôҪ]
[Ϊ̫ʹˡ]
[Ͳᡰʹ]
[Ͳʹ˰ɡ]
飬ڿȴܹԼ˳֡ȴٳδ飬ں׵Ů󣬵õ˺ߵֺĵĳŵ
֪СŮϣϲҪٸеʹͶԷԼ
㣬Ͳʹˡ
ҾԲʳԣ
СʱĳŵΪ˳Ůڵ顣
Ҫû˵ھͺˡ
ҪܹǾͺˡ
סĺ󣬲һֱڼװ
ֱΪֹ

ȲƲĽҪ⣬ֱúԴտաͷβ
Ҫ
Ҫ뿪
ǲһʱð뷨
ǡ
ְֵԸ
˺ööԸ
[Լ]ݣ׷[]취ȻҪõöࡣ
ĬãŴԴѿڣ׼
ͷЩãȻ
׼ҵȲңȻһȻԻ͹ȴͬˡ
Զ˽ⲻˣȷϵĺ塣
˵ţ׼ҡһңǺѪԴļ壬Ҳǰְǰĵط
ں֮ǰְں׼ҵĽ˺ܾúܾá֪ĶҲ࣬ϾǸʱ̫Сˡһ̧ͷͻݶӣһ¿ȷ׼һͰְϵйϵ


100 
¶˾ģκȰ˵Ҫʦʽȥѧϰˡ
жУֱ˸ն࣬ôҳ뷽跨ʱôصġ
îӦʱһĺѾ򵽴ܡȥνʵսѵˡ
Ƥ׷ǹɥϢ˼֣źüβͶήҲĴ
Ŀⶼɱĳ˸ֿ߷޿κΡ
îް취
ɫжôӲѿСҲһ㶼£Ϊîû취ϾΪ˼˲ôŬģһ㣬îûӲĳ
ڱӲ顭ôˣҲȫŲҵĺӡ
λʵߴСɽһ鵽жôҵĺˡ
ƫ޿֡⻰˵ȷʵ޵
ҵĸ˫ġ
îôʵ⣬ȻҲỻͬĻӦ
ҪΪҪļЩʲô
ôΣգֻҪȻڣȻÿԽˡ
[ˣ˭˽Ҫ·ǺԼ]
îʱôĳ
ԭǴ㾯浱ʱϤҪͼմСû뵽հѻݸϵ·ģȻԼ
ӳˣ¹ͷ̫ҲǸա
ĵůεîѾ֪ڶٴη̾Ϣ
Ⱥ׼ԴǿԮŵӵһģ㱻Ĭֲ̫ĶţҲһʹȸԾ顣
ò䷹Ĳ䷹ôŵĴţû㲻˼ΪҪҹ̫ͻݵĹϵĴԽԽˡ
գîͻΪ³˽һܵĶźǰմܵĺһĥĥ伫ǿĸԼĵߡ
ҪɾС
ʽר֮ǰ⹫ݵݣݵĻڿʱ̺ڲӰѧҵǰ£ǰӦʦ
²䣬ݵʵ統ҲǲˮƽˣԺȻøǿ󡣶ڣݸȱľʵս飬ľԼһʦʺʣҲܼʵ
ǸϷһôƯϲҲϹ෴ܹѲҲϣʵٽһ
îĽѧûʲô飬ֻҪԷѡֶҪȷڻݵΧڣǿֻȥ顱ʦ;뿪Ļȫڼʱͷ
ֻҪûʽѧרͷͻü
ڲ2016¿ѧݲʽж꼶ҪרһĻнĻڡ
ְǿиԼһʱޡ
ҲҸ׵ĵߣȻûٷʲô
ҲȷȥרҪȥҲǲУîְֻͬ
˵˳ڸרʦְλҹǺͻѧǡ
ǵġ
Ȼ˵Ҫʦڻûְֵλ
߲㲻⣬ڲҲһɲ̬ͬȡ
ϾҵļȥһרʦʵЩСãҵĳ˵ʵЩӡӸ߲뵽£׵СʦЩӸλѾõϼһȻҲ뵽Ϊ˲׳ǶŸɵɣ߲Ȼͷ
Ȼȷʵû취Ҳ治뷨
ȴԶԸרУʩѹ
ֻҪУͷѧԶĸרʦ
רҪУˡµУѧʱİҹҹУһְѾȷˣĩʽְλӡ
УһҪְͼ򵥶ˣȵľһ졣
ڴڼ䣬Ҳûš
š飬˻ݺܴ𺳡
а׼ҵĽءڲӡոһĸĹ顢кͺ׼ҵԼǰμʶǳϸڡ*1
îʲôݹԼҸ̵֪ķĹյ飬ľһʹ
ĵľЩӰ֮Ϊĸ׵顣
˵Ĺȥǡô˻롣
ӵ֮ĵĲϲһĹ޷ѵֻһ㱻ʹɡ
룬ûݴ
ԣְֲŻҹǰС[]
ƺܹˡ
һòɺ󣬴ϵ
ĩȺţһСﻥཻ鱨
ûĻݣͱî׼ҵĲ裬˽ⷴһ㡣
˭[׼]Ǹ߲Ҫ֮һ򶷶Ƕ˺üˡ
򣺡[׼]м俪ʼǾѾǸ߲ˣҵʷõģ˵ҲϰˣǰƺҲʦԼ[洫ʽ]ļ壬֪ΪʲôѪͻȻʼϡ͵ӵ츳ĺԽԽ٣ղת˷չķ򡣡
ݣͻȻʼϡ͵
ʼ磺ŰɣҲֻ߲Ĺҧ೰ѣû̫⡭ʱȥһǵʷîǰĳں׼ңܻûаۼ
ͷǱΪĨȥ˺ۼϾ׼Ǹ߲ɣ
ΪȨ֮һҪĨȥ˵۸һ˵ļ¼Ҳʲô¡
ݺĬˡ
ȷʵԲ͡
îǰľŲʲôù¡
ץץԼͷһϢܱĨɾˣڲǻţȥ鷿ʷ¼î͵ʽһȻԾҼӦöٻء
רż¼ΣʽĲţΪмֵ߸Σ͵ʽ²֪ԭϸڣҲὫַʽ¼
ĿΪ˶ԸʦĺһݱΪ[洫ʽ]Ϊȶ״УҲԤ׼
ñԺïҾͰѱ˴˵[洫ʽ]ص߰˰ˣ쵽˹̧־֪ʲôĳ̶ˡ
ҵ鷿ĲˣʷһǡǡСȤ࣬ûжһû֮һ˯ˡ
ѻݺͲˣԼңȥҵϴ׼[ӡ]Ĺ
[]ֱӿڴ̽îΣգֻػش׼ҵĴҲżӵΥԼڡ
ʵ˵˻⵽ɵ׼ˣֻϣΥԼĳ̶Ȳ̫࣬ء
˵û˸Υ[]ΪһǲɳеⱨӦƫƫ򵨴죬̽ĽŲ˵
ϵǣδ⵽κηɡ
׷ǿʦüͷ˼ûעͱνĴע
һüͷ塢ŵĴ𰸡

׼Ǹʦ壬ȻȲңҲҵŵϺš
ʮǰ׼ҵһš
ո¡޼¼ǿʽܹնɱĿλԳδйһܼ
λűΪǸǿһȴ׼ѹҡ
Ȼλŵǿƺд۵ģڳλǿͻȻʼ˥̶һѾһϢӵĳ̶ˡ
󡪡
[ԼʵӵнˣΪ׼îʱ̳׷ħˣ䡢ɹйŭ]
¼ôдš
1958¡
׼ұĿȫǵ˵Ůٵɱ˺׼ҵĴʦĸ׶ûзŹں׼ȫΧ
ɱ˴ʦĺ׼ңΪʧ˴ͷ֧ԵʣѪϲ㣬ĺҲ·⵽㣬Ѫϡ޷Ϊʦգ塰ȻĿʼ¡
Ǻ׼ҵ⹫Ҽ¼ڲġνʷ


101 
ܡ
鷿Ͳһ鷭Ҽ¼ĻȻл񣬵һʱԥĿڷ
жٵ˼ʱ䶼Ҫֱӱ̬ȣӲ˭˵˵ģܱʷ¼𣿡
ٵġ
һļٵģ
ôʵأ
ΪǵǸΡĸɽþȫӻǡһůͥˣǸʼն˱⣬һִȱĴڰ
ôִ𰸣
ǡ
1958ļ¼
ǰļ¼
ԥ˼¼ᶨԼǡĻݽʵķ̼྾ʹ
ܵ꾿ûֿЦ˵ƽݵ統УŤҲ˵µĳˢ£ҡνġʷ
ôܹһ˱Īе
μ¼һֶšഺڸ鲨ҽ׶εĻ죬ŭ롣
Ͼʷɻдġ
ͻͬ뷨ĲޱĶǱ˵һ¶㲻졢·лȼƵ
ֻŭĻҵСһëҪըȴŬסƢҧгݵֻҪ㹻ʱ䣬Ϻʵ龳ߵڰײȨ˼򵥵ļߣΪ۸ʷѡֱΪҲʲôϡ顣
ͬں׼ҵĲеǿҵĳС
ͻһԥ϶ǻԵΪԼƭӵѪҺе߳ܡ
ΨһеЩοģԼ͸Եϵ㡣
Ȼܸ˺ܴı֣ȻԵϵ޷îĵȷȷʼնһģһϡ
ĺ׼ڵı
ѾǸŮĲһ
ԥ̧˺ҳֽһ˺Ƭ

һߡ
ֱȥԼϵںò״סһ֪ϼһͷ˺Ͳǲ鵽ļ¼ԶĿʷޱ˵˺ͻƵĻ
൱òĹƨʷܱ¼Ǽҵ⣿
סѾ80ˣǾǸˡ
ɵҲϾϰԼԼԸ
˵ֻҪȻӵʽܹҴϵĻȨûʲôǲ̵ġ
ֻŻǵӣɻ󲻽ĿԼҼ׼һֱ㲻ʲôң˽ʮΪ߲ľߣҶǼΨһ[ӡ]ĹҲֻкλصˡ˵ôͻȻҺ׼ҵ£ں͸߲ӴʱǼˣ
治ɫķܣɣֻ˼ѡ
ԭˡ˼һȻǲ˵Ĳһʷˣ
һʷ
üĵֹǲǻϾͼ˵ȥ
ϣһǴģҼסĲ࣡Ĺں׼¼ϢѾǱ۸Ĺʷ
Ѿ۸Ĺ
ԤУǴȻʣһ汾ʲô˵ǲǺҴ̽һ˵ô汾
˾Ͱྣϵõ⣬˵Ϊ׼Ҳ˳Ǽ尡·û죬Ŀڳƺ׼îȻѵɱ˺׼ҴԱѳΪİؼ飬ɱļԱ˲ηΣؼսӢۡ
ǵķӦǿ죬סˣڿǼֱǽ̿һӦԴʩں׼ҶȫƲӵʱμϵѡľԴ߲㡢άּͬʱ˳ѾĻĴ۸ʷϾ˸ɱͬݱΪķӣôҲҲǵ档
Ȼ۸ʷֻǱֶΣ÷³ʧ˭ȥעԺ׼ڲ߲Щ꣬ڽʾ֭ĨǼµĺۼǸ˵ϢҲȷʵЧ
˵Щ̾ôպһҸеΣţʮȻۼʣһѾ˵ӡеǸΪֹºͺ͵ģû뵽ȻǸӣ뻹˸е΢Ҳû⣬ϾǸʱ21꣬ͣ˭ἵ벻İɣ
룺ڵ磬ȥעǶʷˣҲֻк׼ĺˡ
ȻֻǺԼΪʲôʦĽ°ˡ
Ȼڴ̽ĹбԽԽٵʷɱΣ[׼Ҿټ֮ؼ]ԺȻΪ˲ĺ׼ڸ߲ƹϲ㻰Ȩĵλ
྿ʲôѾûˡ
ľڵϳĬá
ͷһü䣬̵վ
ͷҲصߡ
˽һî׶ԷԲǼ¼еˡ
ͷдɼֱ׹ͷ
îؼ飬ͺ׼ҴԱ걻ɱӦʵģǰۼΪʵߵĻ̶ֳȵϢܿѨ硣
ֻеġԭ򡱾ԲǼ¼д
ԭ򡱲Ǻ׼Ҫ¡
ƲȥĻ൱ֶΰ
Ӳ롣
δ۸ʷͨڶεĴ۸һεĻԣ֮ʱҲĸոպã˳µĽһεĻеġࡱԴ˽ܱ¶Ķ
׼ϴܰһ쵽߲ˡ
ʧ£ܰΣ͡

Ľ⡣
ҰǼҵʷں׼ҵҳ˺ˡؼ·;ޱ˵
˺úáͷŪʷûıҪ
Ҫô죿ݴ˳۽ޣʵ
ȼǳ𣡡Ͳͬ
һۣȻȺ󿪿ڡ
費鲻ԸְֵȣȻܲģڵȷú׼ûʲô취
򣺡ڿȷǣîȷں׼ңԭǺ׼î1958꣬21꣬ӦúîӦĸףǼǸλдŵ֪ӣ֪ӷѾȥ˺ܳʱˣҪ⿪îϵ䡭ʱҲûͷ1958Ǽµľһȥһ飬ϢѾΪ߲ĺ׼ĨĺܸɾʱŶ̲ˣʱˡ
̫ˡ
ǳٰһʱ
˲Լͬš
ݺȻʲôŤͷ򣬡һ£Ͱְֲ[]𣿡
ΪΨһһî֪[]ݵĺӣݿЩģǰֵ̫Ȼ£ȥ顭᲻ᱻɣ
Ǹ㶣Ե֪[νʷ]֮ĵһЦݣģڵĻûϵˣᱻɵġ
ڼӵδ⵽[]ĳͷķ۲󽥽ʲô¡
ΪǸ[]Ѿˡ
ڲǰʧİɡ
ΨһϢն[]ϵˡֻ֪îһѡ

סӻȫ[][]ңҵĻȻҪһ˶ԡҡĶ塣
ûʽûϵûν
ңֻԼѡ
ע㡢㣬Ҳʽ츳Լ޹ء
ȻǺƤģʱźոһյദ£ջǱɡ
֪ʲôʱʼԱ˵ˡ
ΪҳîȻĹÿԼ˵״ΪԸĹϵǺƸӵ˺ͲǲĹע
ĳ̶ֳ˵îȷǳ˽ǵΪԸҲ׶Էʵ
Ϊݱ¶ֹ۲쵽ݺĽӴȷǴɹʶîΪΪŶðΥ[]ķȥԽ磬˲òǰ[]ȷǸóѡ
Ͼô±֪ԼµîҲԶ˵İΣ

îһֱ硣
޷ֹжÿ춼ں»Ӻӵ￴־ų顣
֪ںһжҲһڵԼ¡
ȻֹĻȴ˵
Ϊ֪ûá
ҪΪѰҽ취ĺӣȻȥ̽ױģԭ
ĳһ쿴Ҳݺ򲽷źԼ²⵽ں׼ҵĲҲκϽȥԽԽŲ
ҪĳªȻվһᱩ¶
ǳĳͷӦõıӦ
ɥĬĿĸ׵λû˿ΪԼͼЩԱȴнģ
Ȼһȥˡ
ǻݣǲ裬򣬶Դî̬ȶûа仯
һصһζҪîֹͣһ̣ӭȴֻвһǵͻӵͻƽȻʺãԼֺҪƷĻ
û
ãȻеî֪룬ֻǴű̵ġеӵ飬˿ͬʱס˹Ů

պ
2016411ա
ٽӭһȿѧ
СĲ裬н洨ˣʽһ꼶


102 
ڹעÿɳת۵î˵ǸֵüҪӡ
Ҫѧˡ
ζѾʽһ׶Ρ

һ꼶160cmĲĸһͷʵɫͷ˸߸ߵβΪһϰ˯ǰͷɱӣԴŷǳȻĻȡı¥̬ɵβԴͷһһεġ
硪ϡãְ֣ݸ磬ͽ㣬ССףϺã
ڽഺں󣬲ƺʼˣɤҪСʱϸЩɻ
ڡ
æ緹ӳ˳ĻݺͽȺһ簲ȮںȮǻġһΧŲת
ȸԾת˸ȦȻ˫ֲͷǰĺȮͰȮЦͷôСڣСףǲǺܰ
ȮͷԴҡβͣȮǷǳϵġһ
ȷʵܰรΪƷʽԭ𣿲˿һء
ĸոպõ֥ʿ˾ϣͬƷĽŤͷϸϸһ²裬ţô˵
ѧĴ＾Ʒɰ׳ɫסɫȹԼīɫɵģװһֻ֣Ҫϰװлһ㡣
лЩҲվװ
󣬺ͯȻ˴룬ȡ֮ġˡĹ۸С
ͣ˵о룬šǲŷֲѾô˵ĸо
Դ˼̧ԼؿҵλñȻһ£ͷͬ˽˵ȷʵܸо컹ǸСһ
Էɿչȥſ飬ʲôǾͱҴһ꣬ô˵ĺʮһлݸ磬һֱߣϹȻ߲ûôŹûУ໹Сָͱˣ
ܡݻشļѸ١
Ȼʵ֤ҵٶҪ졣Цݣ¶ĻָȻ˸룬ǾͲ׶ѣ
163cmĻԲԼ۾κޱ˵ֻΪкӵķڱŮһѡҳߵĻƽڻûء
ܱһʱ䡣һǸ棬ʱޱ
ݿźԼߵã˳Ĭ
Ȼն룺ӽ쿪ʼҪÿţ̡
һ뿴ûõûõģȶٱţҾͺȶٱ
ݺͲǰε˾ۣСɹ
ü𣬳β˻ΣǴɹ
Ц
îǡþʱġ
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Ļ޷ýѡֻʣԼһڳҲȥʮǰһˡ

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ãͬĳ໨ȺĲڣ̫ζĸʾˣ´׷ɱǷ쵰ʱҲиϾܳɫ
֮Ҳѧ
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103 
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ǵⲿꡱѷֲʱ򣬽𲽵Լǻܵ˴˵Ӱ죬ֱߺüڡ
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صĶְǲյġصҲգĲҪƷһǴ͸лġ
ҪһأҲӦֻǼҲʲô磬ֻǺͨլѣһ˵ļͥ𲻴ԲûƭǣҴҼҼΣ֤
ţҪҰֳشȥҰְִ͸ٸǼû˾߱͸ҰҲǣؾڰְߴһ꣬ҲȻǸÿװƷκ;ҪƽĻƽʱԼעԶΣճѾǶԼñˡ
ֻİһ¾ͺãֻĻӦÿԡ
ӻ辮Ӷ²⣬ʱʱ¸ۡ
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˵Լȥ򲿽ճѵʱ⵽ƵʲôġҴӦòô࣬ϲ¼鱨
ĬĬӣһˮѹѹ
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Ŭֹ۵š
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˵ȻݿƱȳΪмεشʵ黹ͦġ
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˳һࡢĿһҪ״򲻶ȥġԭҲŭ롰̫μĹ⣬ڻˡ洨Ԯֲ͡ЭͬҲΧ໨㡱Լ洨֮鱻ȳΪߵɫ
ʹʱ򶼴ѧУĻӹһ꼶ʼ꼶һֱˣԴӾʼѧϰһֱæ˵ڼĥȻֵΪʲôôżֻõЦºһۺʳָصġܡ֡
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ĿǰŲ躰ȥæͲżȻĿҲΧӴ̫εֳʱĬĬóֻ¼ĳԹ״̬ѡ
Уμڼ䣬ݸں֮Ҵһȥͱ㵱
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洨֮һĻβbotʦǳ˲˼䡢ΪֱԲͬ۵Ҳܹ̹ȻĽ⡭
Ҵ΢Ц˽洨һӲظĿޣȻ̲סϣмβʦλʦʲôأ
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Ҫȷ֮ĸ־ᱻкҡС
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׼ʹҪ⣬ҲǼ˵ĸ߲Ա֮һ
ȻʵǿȴһֱȱȱҪڲڲⷽ¡
ںܳһʱɸ˵ӡ󣬶ǸദĮͷӣ˼˾ͽſİ
˵ƺһּҳСȽϺͰǸСزˣ֮Ͼͻص֮ǰǸ䵭ģ
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޶ŲѪսѸײڶ֮ϯС


104 
ͨ˵ǲ֪ʲôǧŲֻ֪ضСС֯һҹ֮ȫˡ
ֻ֯ںҹƫƧ˵ĵط
ܿ죬ڸֲĴɱλ̽Ϯ£״ʧءڰĽֵǹֵҲʱܱ
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һڳȴǹսո°׼ؼҺ޶ĸױ޶˱ʣȽŲڲֻԶʱ⵽˳
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ʵڲӪҵͻȥģÿ˶ھܵıС
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ѵҸصסŲˣ⣬Ǯʵ̫ˣƫƫһЩţĸ֯õܽ˷ʵķԾָһ
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105 
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˵ף鱾Ǵĸ̬ĸϢϢء
žµԽԽࡢȬ漣һδεĲϷ[]֪ҲŴԿʼḻԽԽĿߵĿģ
һݵ
𣿡
ҥܹĵĻȥԷ񶨻ȽϺáôţîΪ⻷ʱܹҴߵʱѡ˳Ĭ
ĬΪĬϡ
ԣˡî⣬һ񡱵ĳƺ
еĸһ֡ԡһڵľηͶĿ־壬ʼ㼯
־ۼضʹîЩ仯
Ȼ飬Ǻıǻǵġ
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ھ֮ʻӵ[]
ǿ־ע⵽îӰ˲ŷâǿλߴķ࣬ǿϣһ
츳㡢ʼնҴߣ˿漣ȫϡãҲڻֿ֮ЦĲϳ񣬲Ÿл
[ϣϣлллл]
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ˡ
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Ĺβ˹Ǵ̴󣬰ĺŸӵǰһУǹһ㣬ӵҪѪûӵ͸ĵ߹
[ˣȾҡ]
ˡ
һ˲ͼӿٶȣɵİ׷߸Ȼը죬ԭվӰʧӰ١


һߡ

ϣȶһ̲ͣʸߣ۲ĺ׼ɺ״üͼԼѹһѹϢ
Ȼȴȫѹ
ԭ֮ʧˡ
ʱϢͨٶȹѶǺ׼ɻɣ޷ְ߳Ͼһ[]ҥԾܹģļ״޴ձȻܾڿɵĺձҲʵִѿˡ
˵Ҫ԰״Ϊȿ
ŻѹϢܻһйءڲ񶼽ŵĶд˵Ϊݵǰ¡
XX̳>>ʱƵ
⣺ڵս漼ɣ濴겢ȫһ
1L ¥
ȣһĺڵͷ±ű𣬾Բһ񶾻ң˵һĸ
⣬ںļɣܽʮ㣺
һû±ţţţؽŴܲҪκ˵еùӱ˵ĺڵԱǿ˲ûˣԼǵһڼҰһܹĵط
ڶΪȱʶòţȥñ𿪳ᱻȵĻ쵰һˣҪߴ·ǩʱעܣȥĻͬС·ߴ·ʱҪ۲ܣȻһҪһԶڶһ㣬סּܲžͱš

һ㣬ʮҲ㲻ѱΨһȰ취
ûЦں
ǵĳк͹ضλòһż˵ĻܱѪ̻
Ѿʵ׼ȷұ˾ǱȹҴߣн֤ͬʣ˶û񣬵˿ڵȷˣƤʣ֣ٲּ˵Ķ˻һòڴ֮ǰȫʶ
ſѧˡ

12L ¥
ûЦҾ㣬㶼ѱˣһȰ
ǰǸɻʮҸ棡Ѿ֤ʵ˴ԲͣƼǣȥͼţҲɣ
һϣұ֤лҡ

45L ¥
ͳƹҴ߿ڹʱλã滮˵ƶ·ߺƶٶȣⶼ˳ʱģԣЩ˲ǲȣȡ
ҪȥףҪȥꡪרҵԿڰҲóͲó飬ңһ䶷ɣѾŬھˣһζϹָĻ쵰б³ҵߣ
ң˻Ҫôʲô¶ƸɵѸҺúԼʡָ

ӣһʼɣʱŽԽԽġлл¥ҼˣҼλˡҷǳҿӣһŮҲȸмǡ
洨ͱڼҷǳŬİæŴţһ澯裬һڸͬŵֵܽ׼ұڴʳ
îԲҲûϵȴС

㹻ԱĺӣΪԵԭŰæˡ
̽ĴңҲ̽糤ͼĴǰ̸С
ҲһУó仯ָƣҲ鱨׾ٵ׳ҪϢǸ糤ȥĴѲ鱨սͻƿںĻֵλá
裺֪ⳡսȵ˭ǴʻҪ˷ߡӦǸǿߣҺйϵ
ҲŻͷǼһӦþһʼƽϢսɣͼȴûпβܿƵжĽǾƳʧˣԭȥƽϢս˷Ϊ˴ٽսĻ֡
ֱҲ᲻ɱڰԭǻܹõԷЧҵڴźǣȫûкתļ󡭡֮Ļûб֯ǸĻ֣ͺͲ˵ڶʮа˾ŻΪԼʧһֻ۱һֻ۽˷ߡ
ͼ࣬ҵǼһλ𣿡
Ҳͷڵͼϵһλá
װ̽籾ǲӦòġ
Ҳȷˣһºڣĸۿںֵ̽ίС
ɭŸѰǸ⽫սҡڰ[Ļ]
ΪлҰӵĹϵ̽͸ۿںֵĹϵǳãбҪ£ǶԷȷ״£ʱҲǲԡ
ֻṩĻֵλá̽Ҷ࣬Ҫҵѡ
ȷĻֵݺ󣬴öԷ⣬ɭŸΪ׵ĸۿںֵԼ
ԸۿںֵĹģٻжʮߡ*1
λǿ˵ĺֵṩκϰĸͼǸһԼ취ȥ
Ͼ˵죬ǶԱ˴죬ԺûаëǮϵ
̽˻б洨ԭҵһڣԷĶҴ߽оԮ
ԭҲ̫һ飬֮֯ͻһ飬ǿʼ˵̺ʽ
лҰھվڵսҽ汻ͻҴ߽нƣҲͻݹ㹤Ľ洨֮鱻ΪؼҽлҰ
̫κֱ֮֯ʱһء
ǻݴ辮̫õиĽ飬îԼһֹͷϢŽΪҪΣж˵жϡ
һյֶ̫֯Щ㶣ǰͷ˼һᣬҪ뷨лúõյ˿ڴ
ԭҲһ·߼Ħг֣ҪǸҰزˣûµģôһ൱ĶҪǲϧͷÿ
̫ǸףֵգۣСķŽ˿ڴŤͷͳСӻĦУô̲ȵĵ𣿡
ԭҲѣٷϻ͸Ҹмɣս໨㣬Ȼ㲻һƤ
̫γţֻȿ˹ȥһϳҡɣ
Ҳϳ쵰ԼĦȥҲŲ㣬Ҿòˡҹȥ
ԭҲŭ壬鲻ԸЦһ˸쭳
㿪ôôҴ̫ۣ߰Լ쭳Ӧá紵Ĵ
ԭҲ鲻Ըļٶȡ
*ֿ*ΪʲôҲǺͻһ鰡
Ϊ糤Ҫ󣬱ҪһʽԱһ־Ըߡ
Ҳͻݲ̽磬ιҲǿѺͼԼ֪ķϡ
ͼȻһ˽⡢Ҳ֪ǵЭ־ȴ˽ȥôΣյĹ
Ծͽ̽ʽԱ˹ȥǷֱж
𳳳һԩ·խҲǱߣݺ֮֯жǿ
ΪȮ䵱ѾȮ
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֮֯ǱһͳΪ¶С޴룬ʱи˾ԮվĽ洨лҰ
лҰҪ˻ǴСĹ䵽˽洨
洨֮ٴУ
ǰûа㳣ʶҲʶԴҲ֮鿴ģѾĥĽ洨֮չõķʽСĶԴЩС㣬ǿɹ
ݺ֮֯;쭳Ҳ
ݣҲĦУ㿪̫ˣ
ޱ̾˿ǳĵҲԸ㲻·ְ֣ҼǵҲǸ·İְء
16δ쭳һܰҲ̫ε£һϸ׵ľԻữ߶߶ºҲһ
ʱıݻûʶԼʲô

ȮһըըٵĽץʹš
ڻݺ֮֯߸ϵʱ򡪡ȮȻٿӣǽŵŤͷǰսǷвĺС
ЩͽüµӰ֮֯ɴŻݣ˴ͷء
𼱣˵
ݵͷȻ룬Ȯȥͨ˿ǣͨӵҲ˲ǣȮҪǸʺ̽⡣
ţ鷳ˡֻԼԼŹӰ֮֯ͷ
Ǳߡ
֮֯Żݶǹһ˲ͬʱ
Ȼֻ˲롣
ͽáһ־ĲҽУȫʧˡ
ȫʧ
ֻǰһᣬŲͼԼм䲻̫졣
ңѪ·ŪˣĵúܣϴϢŵ㶼ҪǱĶ࡭
ǸܵͳŲŵĵζ
ֻһ˵ĽŲֻһ˵
һˣһ֧װСӣ
üȮӰĿЩַڵ棬ӰӻĹ䵽С
ǰ̽ȮҲѾߵ˹սǴ
ǰ˿¶һһë׵Դ
ǡúͽίйķߡ
Ҿ˵Ҹոպˡţȵȣ
ͻһĺڷۣǴŰ̵˶ë׵ĹͷĿڹǶͷͣá


͵صԲ۾
ȵȣû˵Ժ˼̳[ʮӰ]ֻȮģ
--------------------
лҪ˵
*1 ۿںֵкܶ࣬16صдֻΪκ׵ԭһĵҲڸۿںֵκҲûҺֵ鷳ԭ߻Ⱥ˺ǿȻûеҲǺbug̶ȣӦûʲô⣨ԭκػȻ鱨ƣǿԿ϶ģ
ҪɭŸĵͺͷԲõĸۿںֵ⡣


106 
ٲ̡*1
㣬Ҳһˡ
ҵġ
ŴӺн˿ʱõĸֵֹ鱨ǰＸܱȫء
Ҳ֪ôڷкϢǱ¶/ݲٷ͡ÿҹȥҪô˸աҪôҴˣһ󷬹նֻͽ͡
ǰֱǱ˹źܲë¿һ

֮ܶƣڱķһѰʧܺմżͷڽͷ̣ޱ׼
Ͼݴ09ʧ٣ֱѾҡ
ԽǶôСһӣûм໤˱Ļʧôʱǰܹƽĸ̫ˣһļʾ͸ˡ
Ǻ뿪һøãͻԺǸѶùߡǰŵһжûó
Сӡ
˵Ͷ̥Ϊ˵Ķӣȷ˰ɡ
鸴ӵĵܽᡣ
жͿʼԵ
㲻һˣн˿ʱ
Ұ
ôشȴܲ⡣
ж͸ˡ
˵ŻҶӵŤͷȴתƵ׬Ǯϡ
ʼؽָ߱ίС
ռӵϢøӻռ鱨ǰӴ߲ƲϷ˸ɾֿտգ貹
ί׬ǮΪ߲α岻ҪԺȵĹϵʡķûȥĲˣҪôҪô硣ľ޶ʲˮһҲҴȥҲҴҡ
ʱʱὫעתƵͷİĺڷ۾ϵʶΪ¶Щӵ飬ȥȫȫԼ׶ˡ
ȷңԼ֪Ϊʲôҡ
ֺðְֵΪȫִֻŵȥʧٵĺӾܹΪðְ֣׼δҲ̫ˡ
ǸʧĻϰ֡
ԼҲ벻΢ִǴӺζ
ȷȥꡢûʲôԭ
ȵ׷죬žͻѡصߵ˰ɡ
ֹ˰ꡣ
Ȼûҵˡ
ֱڡ

Χľ޶Ųض˴ģڵսʱƽΪ˽ĳС
ΪֻҪǮʲô߲ܵʦɱ֣ҲȻ顣
ǱӶġ
൱ɹۣҲǳ⣬ֻҪչָ޲𹥻ҰΧڵ֯Աͺá
[ֹⳡսҵȷкúִСսģٰȫɱˣͳɹ]λŸڱļЦŤµô˵[ҶͨûʲôȤЩûļһ㿴˳ֽ˰ɣʣµͺˡ]
Ŀֻߡ
룬Ǹķӡ
ȻĽίС
ϾҲʲôˣֻҪǮĹ֮࣬ͽҲܹ
û뵽Լںִй;ӭôһ
һһ׵Ȯʽ񣬻жͷϱ־ԵơԺҳˣԲϴ
ϵǰ
û˵Ժм̳[洫ʽ]ĺ󱲡ۺ޵ļ̳ߣïҲгѪļ̳ߣͲԺٳûжƾ㣬Ϊάϵƽ⣬ԺϼһҲԲ[ʮӰ]ļ̳߲
ôֻȮֻԺѪ
ԺѪ
վԭذΡ
һ룬ƽȴȮķȥ
̽ͷȮں˶ӵһ˲ͱһëը
զüǣ
һûУ
Ȯǲĵͺ˼
ȻǾͱסˡ
·ʶֻ˸ţܹ˺ȮڶϷʱȻ˲ֹһ㡣
Ȯ
ʶԾĻݻæվϵĽʽñסƴȮصӰ
ԷõȮߣʦ
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ץеӰ侲ڿٷ籩
룬ŤͷԺӵˣѹɤʵ֯ʱӰ𣿡
ԡ
ûκɣ֮֯ɴĵͷǰһѻݵԼӰ档
ǣǰսǿ첽߳ʱֻһͷ췢꾯ĿԼ
ʱס鿴ȥе
ΣãȻ
һϵļһ˭

ʱʱ̿עͷ
ܹһ˲ƷֻȮ˿϶ʵԭ˾¶Լ֮⣬һԼܳ䲻Ϯ뷨
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һأڳĬ˺һ˼ɨΧһȦʵ
ʲôһˣ֮֯ޱĻش𡪡ò˵Ȼݼ̱ĳЩʱƭԵġ
֯˫֣ܳϿҵĻش𣺡λûкжԵ˼ֻǸͨϰ塣
ʱ򻹸Ҵϳߵͨϰ壿üǿľĽ֮֯ڸǵĿ
ǹǳ
ʵһЩԱԸ˵ģⳡս̫޹߾˽ȥЩܼ£ߵķ˱סˣϣܷһҾԮ֮뿪κš
һǰɱ֣Ҫˣ

ͬΪɱ֣ƽĶá
֮֯Һ֮ǰѾˡ
ԺҲɱˡ
֪İ˵·̣ԷĻشֻƽͷȻͷĽظһ飺ոһģҶ㲻Ȥشҵø
Ѿشˡ֮֯˵Ҳ֪ʲôһˡ
Ȼʣ֪űߵǶѷбٳĺۼ𣿡
֮֯΢΢һ٣ʶűߡ
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ǰ˿üȮ
˳Ĭ˺ܾá
֮֯Ȼûشֻǻֲ֡ŷ·ǹЩࡣ
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ȳ֡
߰ʹıĿһССķɵȻֻǷɵһȴѵ׳ӵһٶȡ
֮֯ͫ΢΢ŴȫšܹԤ֪δ[޷]Ȼ˺ܴáڱĻӵ£ѿδһ˹ȥ
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ǰ˺ǿǿסˣսҲܷḻ
ɱ֮֯ͷ۵̾˿
ӰķڻڽŵĹ۲̧֮׼õӰΧͣϵĹҲ涷˲䱻ѣʱɳȥԮ
ͷѰǹ֮֯׼зеĵҪӵĳƷɡǸı˵˵Ļӵ
Ȼڷа̺۵ȴЦݣа߱ӵȴȵû˿ƫƣӵӲĵˡ
֮֯㿪˵һ
ڶȴûʶҪ㡣
Ϊûз
һգ֣أһֲ˵ԷַѸĽѹס
ϣȻǺڷ۵˸ʤһ
ԷÿζܹǰԤ֪ܿĶǻΣյĹ
ôֻҪԣʾͲᴥԷԤ֪ѹƵĻھԵٶȺ;Եʵܹ
侲ţһڰС˵İΣĻҼװиʱ򣬴ʻᡭ
֮֯µӰȻ
գ˲䣬޵ӰһֱܳӽӡϿӰ˺ϣȴûϵһֻϢľ޴ԾһצԼϮ
һ󷭣͵˽ʮ׵ľ롣
Ȼ̧ۣǸ췢Ӱꡣ
Ӱ޴Ĺվߣһ齫ովսͬ黤
͵Ϯʧˡ
ԷǿףҵʱҲûץá
صĺһôյţޱȾעǰˣʱӦս׼
Ȼȴͣ˺óһʱ䣬ûκζ
ͷ
ͷ۾ʮӡ
ܹٿӰӡ
ֺֻϢĹݲ⣬Сӡ

ι˵㡣ͳʵ㡭ʲô֣
ݳҸҪ㣿
Ժڣģ
ڻȫȻİ˲İų̬ȣ˶٣ĵ˵˼ͻصϡ
꾪ɲ£΢΢ƲߣʵĻﱻѹ£ѿڶ
û뵽㻹Űݡ
ȥ˱ʵ[Щȥ]
Ϊһûʲôʸô˵
ԣվͱһҲ׽ҲϲײĻ
--------------------
лҪ˵
*1 ǵĿԻȥ7879


107 
ձǰİʵֵʱ13ĻٴС
һӦΪԷϳԼʽҪԼݡ
[ʮӰ]жôְֺ֣͸չˡȻᶨΪʦĻ˱¶ʽ׼մǵļƻҪȻʽѧר顣
ǰ¶ζ鷳
˼ܵĴӦӦԴʩⲻݸеˡ
Ҫְֺ鷳ˡ
ֲˬ죬׵˻ȥܾشİ˵⡣
ڼ뱩һͷСװͰ͵ӿֻɫèӡ
ֱеİĵġ²⡱ϣڷ۾Ȼʶԡ
Ժϱ֣Ͼ[ʮӰ]Ժҵ[洫ʽ]
ԻƤӶûһ£дĮ
֮ġڡ
Ҳû˶ˡ
ݿɲΪǶԷеġ
СʽʹɲԺ籩
ʶң
׼ȷ˵ʶСʱҡ
ôûаӡ󡭡
ĵĻĵײŸոðǵֹԷһ仰
[û뵽㻹Ű]
ޱмֳټϢ
ϻ۵Դ롣
Ѿò׻عȻϸ΢ԺеңԶжƴգǿóǰݵĿԡϾʶġԺ˲ͳˡĸֵҲ
Ȼ󣬺ڷ۾¶һ·˰顣
ŵĶ˵ԼԼһģһķɫɫ
֪Сʱϣ֪ҵ֣˵ˣһ쵰
ԭûʲôоԽԷĳԽ΢Ļޱ룺Ǹ쵰ס

2006꣬Ǹʱݲꡣ*1
ڻǰѾżˡ
Ǹ˾Բһϸĸס
һĻǱججĵװְиİŮˣССĺһܶһܼһΡֱ׸ļƵʸݱΪһ¶һܼõ˴˵ĳ̶ȡ
˵06֮Ӿ˳ｫʮķ롣
£Ѿ˵Լֺͳ࡭Ȼ顣
ݲ֪Լ06ѾȥҲûʶԼ
ӡУǸʧѾǼҳ㷹飬ԼߵʱֱָɶԷûԼϾ벻һܰ䡣
ڼεʧαµʵĨȥ˻ݶƸ¶ĻԼΪ׸ᱻ뷨
Ե׵ҲˣҲûиеֻ֡ȻΪԼ¶ˣԷȻΪ׸׶ӡȻңȥˡ
˭׵ӡ̫Խ֡
Ѿ13ĻݳײǵöԷֺͳ࣬ӡȻٹ̡
ֻǻݴûʱڣʧ˽ʮ׵ƾһ仰ˢĵ׶ӡޡ
֮طûоϲֻˡ
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Һúóˣܳ
ݱһ仰ˣ̧еӰ졢Ҵ׼ֻǼͷһֱ΢΢Ҳٳûַż
ײŲѺӽİŮչˣȻ󳹵ײܲʡ
һֱؼҡԶֻһԶȥıӰ׶ӵն
󻹳ºӡûĺط껹䵭˵Ļ
ĵһһٵŻ쵰׵ʧΪ
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ǻᱣǣǣ˯ǰ£עÿһ̵ĳɳŬõﶼȡ֡Ȼǰîְ֡
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ҲŲʲôԺҲʲôˡڵϡԺ϶ֻб
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ǹȥǸ34꣬㱧СӣҲİˡ
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ݽĶ۲һᣬҲ֯ĽŲоԮ
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Ҫܳʱ䡣
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˦˦ѩƤëմȾϵĻңȻֵֻվǳŵǰצԴתһȦŵ±װȻ˳顣
ݷ˵ߵ⣬ܳŲΧķ档
֮֯鼫أʲô취𣿡
ԥһᣬԵĹǡ

ȫϢͻͬ㣬ǰӵ[]֮⣬δ˲λõ뱩δ뿪̫Զ
ߵĳٻ¥£ŴһѹԶֱӴ˶㣬Ȼ׼Ƕȣ̨ĬĬעӲԶӵĶ
ֻͣҪǶȷ׷ǵĽ̸
̫ųԼʵ̫Ļ߸ŵĹǣѹѡβ͹۲졣
ԶӵĿ͡
ݶŹǵʵְ֣ܲٿعǾӷ϶ȥ׵Ĺ渲ڱȫ𣿡

˿ӣֿ˿ֻĹǡ
̣˭ְ֣
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*1 2006꣬бעʱ䡣


108 
ʵ˵ںݺ˭ףֻҪǸˣǾͿ϶Ҫְݶӡ̬һ
ǸճʱèƵĶڻҪԼеĸӺãԺʽҲû籩¶ֻ縯ûеȻһǳůļҡһԶʤԼ¼໤˵չġ
ԣݻὫµļ໤Ϊ˫Ҳ֡
ķչȻЩһ
뱩ĬľԶֻġǡá
Ȼݺ˸ףǰᡭǵǸˡɣ
ԴտյĶŻǶѹͷ൱ѵ룺˵ˣѹˡ
ôϲҲܶһƤëûеĶͷӺְ
˲ܣٲӦá
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񣬺ͻݸոտԼ׵ʱȻͬװ
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ϻݵϢû磬˻ݵµǴݵʦ߲Ұʦٲÿ϶ǱйءϵһܲãԲŻЩϼһ
˼·ߵĹǼӺܿǻݵµСӵԱֶΣݶԹǼӺ֡һѾƲ⵽ӦùǼдݴҪͨǶѻͷϵٿˡ
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һ㱡ǼӲǵǰܷǿǰǡ
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λıߵλãʵ֮ǰѾװ̽ȷϡ鱨ݵ˸ۿںֵʱ䣬ۿںֵɱֻ಻٣ֻǻܲɬС
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ȻƽϢսҵ뷨װ̽粻ܾⲢթɭŸһʡǵɭŸȺлҰԶġ
лҰһʾ޿㹻ֵ̽롣
ɭŸʹΪʲôЧߵ˲ң
ԭҲ壬ɬܶã˼һԼ״Ȼĸ̫׺Ϊȫϵ糤һȥˮƽϸҲ;ͱ̽糤ס
˵ԼҲ֧֧ᣬھŤͷ˵ǼһܶҲû֮󣬾ֱ׳̧ͷ糤
糤üͷҪܾĲҲһͬҲͬжϵ糤ԥĽܾĻȥ
̫˼û׷ʣֻԴֹ˱Ҳ˿ٰ֣ñӴϡ΢ɫͷغá
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109 
ÿһսļͥȻ顣
ܺŬڻӦÿһ˵ȣôîǲ߲ݡһЧʵתҲվʱ

ԶҪȽѡ

[ְ֣ҵһҶͯԺѾͨˣڱԺ˵ԸڵĹ¶ǼҸԺӪҵִգѾӪʮ꣬ڱҺҲ֮һȥˣԺ̺ͻǺˣûʲô⣡]
跢˶ŹиԺĵַƬ
ѾǲҵĵλںڵĸԺ
ʱ䣬ѧ˲ٶҲ糤ӴָΪɽ̽רڿѧϰѾܹܶ¡
˵һЩҪĺڹ
ⳡѪȵսкܶຢΪ˹¶
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ò˵ʵס
ϾĶͯԺѾûٸԸСˡ
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Զ׼սûб֮ǰĶͯԺѾӽ˱͵ĳ̶ȣ͵زֵĹ¶ֻܹѡӶ
ԣкŬȥͨȡ⼸
[Ѿˣ֮ֻܺ糤취еĸԺ̸]
貹ԵٶȷһţȻ̾˿
Щ죬ǴЩսʱڵĹ¶Ѿòæתȫزֵ
Ϊʲôôĺûа֮أ
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12Ĳʱÿ춼ޱȽĴߴԼȥѧϰǿҵͬΪײһиеѹ
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ǣҪȥְߡӡ
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Һóһʱˡ
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î
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鼫临ӣƴѵ޷˼
ӺֵĹǱ󡭡һֻٷְٿԿ϶ļһ
Ҳ˵ܻǶǶѹͷ֣ͨǶѹͷԱ˺֣󶼲ˡ
ڻݺîͣΧûˡͬе֮֯ʱ̽ʱǵĸһӵû麰֡ʱ򡭡뱩ڲŵȷԼҶµѡ
ֻ顣
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硢֪ɳɷֵһʱķӦӱƭˡҲǾʦķӦ㵱߿ȥ
˼ԼҴڳʱ
̹˵ŻݡŤͷѡȥβֻƤ׷䣬Ǵ׼ɵԷġ
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û˻һֻ౨⣬ֻ²Էʲôıơ
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ֻߴŶѸһϢ·ơε룺ͺĺܵǸİΣƵġ
ȻǸ·˱漣˵ʱ־ϲķл񡱵Ļ

ٵĲ˲ϢһĿʮеĿѵĽ
ȻԻ
Ǽһ飿
ɶ͵˵[]Ҫ[]׻ϾֻܹӸõΪ޷ݸ鱾ġ
仰˵ԷľԮΪӱûκ档
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ҪһΡڵͬαҳβ·ϡ
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Ҳоʧеķ˸ֱӴΪŤɺΪˣ
кСô⵽仹Թγɵ䰡ͻȻͲҶӵˡ
⵽˾ϴ񣬾þûлع
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۵뱩һߣ̵îע˳
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110 
îĵһӡ⣬ڶԷݺСĳʶͻɱΪƫ
îԷĵһӡҲá
ΪʲôƫϾî˽ⲻࡣݻӲ̸£żòᵽ䣬ҲΪģļ˵ʲôϸڣֻ˶ޱ̵ġˡֻۣǱҲֻڳʱî˵ݵѾȥ˵¶ѡûۼˡҲ˽Էϸָȼ仰ݣ⻹î׽һ˵Ļ֪
ԣî̫õĵһӡ󣬴ֻڲǰһ׶Ӹطʱ˵Ǿ䡰û뵽㻹šֱ͵ġ
⻹⣬ֻ׵˵ܹⲻʡ
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ȻòװþͶ˱ңҲû˵˭îҲܲµԴϾǰ̫îڷмǾǵ̸ʱǸץǰѡ
ʣ߶ǸݵģȻĿû˵ٿûݷŵǸ˼ڡ
ҲʦîûаٵĽת˻ݣƽ̹Ȼĸ˻ߵԴ
ݣ
ݣͻȥ𣿡
îҲ֪ĵַҲûе绰κϵʽ
ݳҡ
Ȼת͸˲һѴ򵶣̫ȥջǿǡؼߡķˡӰȻãջûؼķ
ݷǳ¹ĸԼծ˶ʮڣԼỹȥҪôǮҪôߡ֮һҪһʹ
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׼̵ĴװԺ׼ҵۡ
ں׼ĳĽڣûһᣬܵĻڣܿ죬ǰͳͬŵӰ
ͶӰʽ
߲һȦ׼Ҳλ֮һ


111 
78ĺ׼ɷ߲Ҳϵһ
ϳɾοΪȨ߳ͷƲɫС˼ʵһһ׵ġ
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鱨ظλѾˡ
Ѿ룬߲㵱еһɤڣ˸ͷ
ƤӶûֻ̧ǹĶţһԲ
ͶӰʽܽλ߲Ӱȫͳһһڣÿ߲λǰһƾڵǵӰֻʣһӰӳϡ
Ƕ˴˵ĳ࣬ŵ;ڸ߲Աı仯ñ˿ʵ뷨ˣϾǱ˴֮Ҳžϵ
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ȻƵ̰൱ƭԣûڣҲȫĵھЩʲôֵֹĶôһţܹҪİһЩ
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֯аԵͨ˾еĻսһһǰѪȵա͡աڱȵġӻд˵ӶðͻеƽԶ
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[]ÿζںģʱ֡һҲһĻԾߡ
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ȣǻһǾȣʱôˡٲҲһѣûеĻ˵ұµһ֡״Ҳȷһ˿ָϱʲôǡ

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ȻѾ78ˣͷӵȴܳɫɺͷļ㲻ѷɫˣΪˬԵʣֱϵɫѪܶԵͻ
൱̣ô꣬װģĹһ
ǳȻĲ廰ѡվߣҲΪֻ顣
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รĻעע[]ƲֵȫЩ˵سҲʳ⡭ñҸµǸСӣںֵ֯ԵԵͦġ
۾ĵڵ
Ȼ󲻸ͬŷĻᣬ⣺֮ܶҸոսӵ˻㱨Ϣдб漣˵ҴԼֳûлڣӦҲǱʽ޸壬[漣]ĳִһл඼û[ȫ]ܵ£Ͼ˵ף鱾һļ塭[]˲ǰոյݸҵı棬ǿԿ
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׼ҵͷץסûȻҲԸϣĿǰԣ[]ߵ˵ȷ߼Ҳ⻯ͣҲ²л࣬˵һλܹʹñ֮˻ָߣ˵ƵǱ
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ĸ߲㷴ˣ˵ʧٶȵı׼ӦĿļĵ͵䣬ˮƽô̶ֳܻȵôģĺ䶯Ҫ飬Ҳһ顣
ǲܷԣȻĿ֤ʵìܵ޷͡һ˿ڣζң飬ô׷׵ļֵܸߣһҲܹ֮ȫκõ˭
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ֻǼֻǻˮƽһ㶼Ƚϵͣһʱѱܹڰ͸Ч߲һǿӲֶνЩΪá
˵߲֮ģʦ
ҲͬǵĿ귶ΧڡȻ̰ȴԶûôĿвԹǿ߲ɿ̫ߣǾͻԥ´ָ
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ȷǸ޷ѱǼΣյؼ󣬹ƾͻᱻŵΪ˰ɡ


112 
״ֱӿڷȻС
Եµ޷վΪƻ˸߲ϷʹûɵĻȨ½
취Ȩץס
ԣҲȻǡ
ҲȷʵһҲ
ɿٵ˼ţ󻺻˵Ҳкܳһʱûне飬ݲΪڻúĵɣǻ˳鿴һе״
ᵽ˺ԡ
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׼ҵǲලûõʲôõ鱨ڸôʱ䣬ɸලؽǲ࡭ԣعȻǼʦȽϺá
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߲һº׼ɵʽʱһԣʽЧҼǵǽС[¥]ǻþ֪̽ʽɣ
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Ȼֻܹزۼ˲ʱȥʮĳʱѾˡ
влڵĻҿԿȷλ[]ݡʵˮƽвԡɾ׼ץס˸߲¡
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ɣ㣬һ˻ҪУӦô鷳
򣺆㣬ڻŶîһҾҪˡ

ش⣬Ҫ˽е飬ȿ֤ܵõǱߵЭϷȡڼԼϢܺ׼ɺ򶼶֤ЭûʲôȤϾ[]ʵݡ
Ҫ̻ǵߡ
ڣﶼ뷽跨ĴöԷҲ
ĵҪһЩ
ҪîĴڣҹ̫лݵĴڡСû׼ñ¶ƤءȻ߲㣬Ҳòϸ߲ϵͶ[]ĿҪռƣǺ׼ɵʽȷʵⷽá
ǸͷҵлߴҵҸ鷳ˡ
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˵ǰսʱ[]ĻԾ˸߲עǶ˰ְ˸ֵͷݺ٣ȻҲ˵УǸͬе˸ϲߣעһ㣬ְ֡ݸҹǾҪš˳һǻǵ¹лû
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[ԺҪΪ׼ҵļûϣţ֪ģҵʽ÷սãҲʺ̽ܣ֮ȻҪд鱨Ľʽ]
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ǡî롣
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˴ʱ侫ٵļƻȷ֧֮󣬲һŵġһֽŵץסȵֱվڱҵſڣðβŹ塣


113 
ɾԲʲôȥ׺ͷӡ
ƺܶ࣬Ǳ繵ְķƷۣǲԾüͷһŲЦ죬ԼһԻǵɵһУλԽӽϸС
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ΥȴòԵ飬ҪһЩ
˵ֻΪĽڡ

îһʼ棬ʶһ㡣
ԭ˻ɲ˵֮⣬ѡֹȥ̽Ѱ˼ڡ
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ǱϾһ޷˵ڵĹȥ
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ѪܵĲҰǰîҪһõ硣
ȻӴˣٺСʱԸԹԴڸ׸Ȧ
îֹǳɳֻܹһò
ǿԼɳȥѰҴ𰸣Ҳ֤ԼѾ㹻ɿȥҪ𰸡
еһУǿԶ㹻Ǻ侲Ҫһչˡ
ǽԼԸںλî˼֮

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ͻ˺óʱ׼ĻᣬҲˡ


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ڼһϡһԵһŷһԹϵС

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лһֻ㲻ԺϷķʽһ
Ψһźǣִ豸̫
޷ĵ飬Զӵкͼ˵ĺա
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ѧУĲУù꽱
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Ҫ׷˺²ҲĴڼֵѷеһϸ߲ȴůƯҿ滭ļֵеĴݺĴѾһ㡣
滭ίǸ͵ۣˮƽϿɡ
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ʼնǷĵĻشǵ⣬ÿһֶʵôԲô˵ġ
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ԼĸͿˡ
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ͻŵʱĳȻЦݣԼ߼˽̵Լ֯Χְ֡
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ȤζĶԱ𡪡ԻΪܵġ
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117 
޷Լ߸ʹ飬ǱߺޱǵԼڼ便ʲô
ǲһֵûĹȥ
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*1 ԭ趨


119 
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˵ţĵײ䣺ϾȻְֵۣ߳Ͳסͥʸء
˵ְƽճŰ˳ϸʶȥɹɹϸӡ
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121 
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ǸεĻ쵰ƸΪʦˡ
ҹֻº͵δѧܷרĻרĺܺãҶչң˵ѧУһµʦ˵ǱְģֽʦǿȻûȴܹ׾ٵĴˣܺлصĴϺü֡˵ǲʶʦᵽˡ
ҹǰ˶ôõѧУ룬һλʱԭȵڴһ˲ͽ㡣

²֪֣⿿ڡϺҹϸڣҲ׾ٵıϳλʦݡ
ݣ˭ɵģ
䷹Ц׵Ҹɵġ
ݵıʱޱն
ͷ죬һͻ̵èƶһ׶Ĵʡ
ܹѧî˵סһҪѰͬ飬ᱳѵͬҲΪĿģһ̶ȵЭǱҪġ
οôҲȲԼһһȺ߲ӵĳǿ˵Լڱҵ˰ο
ٷǿҴ״лԼߣԼ۱꣩ԷҲûбѵɡ
⣬ԷĴڻܶһԺҶԻݵߡ߲Ǳ߿ԽԼͻɣ鷳ҾıԼ
Ȼ룺׵ܸ÷ӵˡ
ݷǳԸĺ۵Сۡ
Ȼʹķ֣Լôһʵƺû취ˡ

Ǳ졣
Ǵһѹִġ


122 
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ÿʱԹضеĹ򲿶ھҫԼҪȫȯ
Ϲȥ꣬Ѿǻݵˡ˴ĳ̶ֳ˵Ҳ·
붫ǳ
JRʮӾִܵѺͱҪˮëʶɲŻʽȻ˳Żᱨ
ݱװĵİһܲĳһѹִıǩԼֺ㳯ԼϢȥ
Ϊ͸Ҵһ絽ġ
辮ΪҪһϳ˫ѡ֣ȻҪЩǰ׼辮˸ĹۼĿĻݡ
簡ݣߣ
辮ֵЦݣȸԾĴк
Ϊһʱʱ̻̿šءҴӲΰյͽ辮Իݵ̬һ顣ҪʱΪӵĻǻᱻԷΪﰵͣԻմ㡰ף
⻵ϰ򲿡
ͬ¼Ҵ塢Ĭϵ̬Ⱦˣ֪ɣԭԼΨһԭҲãȻнϰǰϰߣֵġʲôС
ΪġʧܵĻֻץסǿߣèһֻܴ۾εĻظԼ㣺
Զ׼
Ϊϰߵף辮Ҳ㰴չȥ߸˵ġļ硢ϳԼӸBUFF
ֻػûǰͱټĵͳһ
ոմǶûסըˡ
ݣŶ
辮˰ͣƵĴ˴Ȼɵգ۵Ķ㲻ǿȻĶǶĲʵӦûκ⣬̫šѵǽţ˵ҲรʹûΪŹ˭𣿲Ұɣ
辮ҵǲԼͷˡ
ǣǰǰݶܺƢ˰
ҾֻҪһ£ļ磬ȻҪһʤףѡѵ˵иŭۣڻըˣ
辮޴ĴǸʱ򣬻һҡҡͷ
ڷ۵ŬƽԼһ϶ûöٵ飬ֲ̫ɹ󣬱̧Լϸ۽ޣ²ߵĻش𣺡Ϻã辮ǸֻЩ˽˷գǵ⣬õģҲӰġ
辮˿Щĵ˵ģһûôӡĶˣ·Ĺ׷ˣǲСĳԵ˳ʳˣ
ݣֲﶼǰְֺýˮģãҴûб׷ΪʳƢˣˣ˽⣬˶鲻ûбĻӰ졭ţŰɣ֮Ҳ֪ôҲû˵
Ȼǣ˭鲻õʱʹʹһͷųˡ辮ٴЦݣĻݵļ磬ԼΪЧĵĽ鿪ĵķԷÿβ˵ʱͺˡ
ϣ˰ɡСţûʲô
㻹ܸҼӸbuff𣿡辮ε
ݳĬһᣬŶԷĿԵЩ޿κΣ˵˺öˣûֲҿǾһܻʤġʤǿԼŬġ
ϸbuffܷӵĸãǰѰٷ֮ٵǱӳɰٷ֮١辮Ȼš
ݾͶԷִȥεľ飬ѾϰƽԴ˷
Ѿ׶ѧУϰ׵ۣҲʲôԹеġܿĲɷñݴŰǲˣֻű¡
ĴҶ԰ְֵϿɡţ˰ɡ
ݵԺתЩʵ֤ѹֵº˽нȷڻ
Ȼα겻αûεվֻǻ⡣
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ڱʽʼ侲ƽ͵ѡϯΧ۱˳ڶϳʱһף
һ˫辮6:0ĳɫսʤ
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ʤʤƽʼԵб
ΪʮĹضʵȷ鴫
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ˡ
ÿֱҪºźж˵һĻݴǿҵ߳ĺǰδеǿҵѹ˫buffޱߵλá
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ΪʲôÿζҪ
ÿ궼ҪôĵױһȻΪԼ̫øеǳʹࡣ
źǣ˻ݱ⣬ƺûеڶ˾Ϊ顣
ĶԼֵѡϯͷˣһࡢǿе顣
һսģ۾ʧȥ˸߹ĶŶ桪˵ˣÿα¶Ұ޲԰Ŀ⡱仰ˡ
кãˡ
ÿαȻᱻΧȺǿʩӵ߳buff£ݽ컹˵ѹbuff
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ݽ𣿡˻һ˴Լĸ첲
Ȼҽͷų辮ǵĶЧе̫˰ɡ
ݴͱΪ˳͵ѡ֣·˶ȼһپޱıŷǰδе
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Ҵˣͷ˿̲ס¶ЦݣѽûΪĳƺòֶһ
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ա
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Ĵƺ֮ǰ¼Ĳ̫һܶǳǿȻˣΪֵٽƽƺеգֻԴźºߵǰĿƵĳ̧Լ֣ǰӦûһЩ
ݶ˶٣̵ĺͶԷ֣Ϊ˳⣬ѡΪش𣺡ûзӳԼȫΪʲô
ٽƽʵȫģǹĶ֮һھرֻתѧͷȾͷû˵һʱϳˡ
²֪Է¼ԻݵҲ׵жϳԷϸ΢ϵ
Ϊȥ̫˺۾Щʹʧº۾κˣҲû׽⿪Ľټƽ㶣ЩεЦˣܲţҵȷǷĿǰܷӳȫʵˣ´һһ֡
ݲ֪Լû´ΣϾʦĹƺͦæġ
ҲûʲôֻòǷǷصͬǱߡ
ݣûкõ㣿辮ԶԶЦʵ
ݰѻժ̧ͷ˵ЩʲôͱɨĳӰע
ŤͷΧȺڣȻ۾΢΢һ
ôˣ辮Ӵëʵ
Ұˡݳɵૣôܵұˡ첻ҪͲȥԺ̽ǼͷսҴĺţҲڰ
ݸҴ˵һȥͱ辮͵ذθʮɤס˶䡣
ʲô
ĪĿʱ辮ĬĬס죬ȻסݵĲӰԼקһ仰˵壺ʲôʱģҴһ𣿡
ݣҲ֪
ܺһȥҾʸã˵ϳʱӦûɣҡ
辮ˡ
ҴźѰ˰֣ȥɣҪǵ𣿡
šӦòãҿһ𣿡
Ҵ˵ͷ
ǻݵлʹҴʰԼŰ׺Ǳȥ
º͵ע£һ仰ĵ򳡵ıݸ磬ĳƺź˧GҸոô㡣
ݸջһαıɱ
ݣ˭ɵģ


123 
ȻֻѧıΪҺѧУӣڳȾ£ȶ㲻СרŵĹ߲ܿɷãÿξٰͱвĽ
򲿵˵һΨһܹȫͶˡϾ˭Ὣ÷չְҵġ
ݶ̸ȰϾô꣬ûȤҲܡοھ׷ʤȻ뷨ĲᣬǿƺΰʷսѹθкǿĻϰԵ̬ȶԴ
ض15ԣȫԡ
ĳɼԽɫ˵ξԽء
ԣǰ̵Ĺע£ڱʽʼ󣬻ݾͲĽԼȫעеϡ
ϻӰ죬ΧȺڵӡ
ˣ⧲ͱجġһĻݴʱԴտա
ħʦƺˣöҲľˣѧħʵ˵Ҵġ֮ӡġʵֿۡŵţħʦлǿƽ
ȻȻ
ΪʲôͻȻð򳡵ı
ǡʵۡǡʲô𣿲һҲݲ
Լǰ׵ѸġġпᡱԾΡһʯȻΪǶжŵеϢ
еʹǣȻְˡ
˶ǱݲйƵľԼ⼸겻ڴ˿šֻΧȺһʱǧҪɢȥ
һᴫȥģ
´Բٺͽˡ
Ȼ֪򳡵ıὥݻɡ˯ıĻ˵š
赹Ƿľú˧
ΪߺϷߣǡͣ豸жΧӰ죬۵׵ǹһԺӡ
ԣŻ͵ڴµî˼һᣬȻԼĿӴźͻݸ˵ӡȫһǺֻ뷨úùͨĺӡ
ǸոմʱݸıͺҮȫ˻ػصġͬıȻţǡϵı޶أ
îĻǵҲ
֣裡벻Ҫôһû飡
͵ɤȻɫͨĵͿһͼ⣺֮ôܵˣҪȥԺ̽ӽ𣿡
ӽ飬îͷսڼСӣһԲ̥á
Ժ󡭡𣿡
ϣĻġ
ʱڽǰîôӦǡ
Ƥ׷ӲٵԼ
ûʦ츳С¼ȥ޷ٿîҲȻԼŵ¡
ǿˣҪô֪أ
ôҾڰݷõʱССΪ֤ɡ
ÿһε̽îܻЩСΪԼ֤̽
ϸò˼ᣬȻԼֻдӽֵǧֽķ˵Ĵͷϸǻȥģîġ㹻ӷָԺÿһĵģî˵ķһСĻ
ΣîͲļһƯıʼǱеӽ鴲ͷֽĿɰӡ
ԺÿһһռǱܳîʱţȵ˸ԺʱɲȥָÿСҲˣʵԵÿζͬĲ߻ϣһЩ΢ԵСǧֽףֽӡîӽĴͷ
ʧȥĸĺӶһĹﱨ
ԣʵôҪΪĲ߻ȥîֻܹϵο塣
˵ΪʱîֿǶ̥ǱݺͲ͵Ժģıӽ鵱ʹߣÿλݻ߲ͬîȥԺʱ򣬶ᱻǵͣ
Ȼǻݻǲ趼Ὣ⳶Ǳȥ
ӽҲܹԵûʲôֻİԼʱѧĶ㱨ǣڴšܹӡʹߡ롸ŮǵŬ
кúõССô˵š
֮ܶǷǳɰСӡ
ǲ軹ǻݶϲǣżпյĻڿʱԷȥԺǱ־Ըߡ
Իݵʣ̯̯֣͵ѾȥֻǰתԺԺַʣ»ڵĺǾˡ
ʣ»ڵĺǣץס˹ؼ
ȻͷԣܣССӽ鱻ĸˡ

Сױ䡣
ӽ̥ȥĸǳɫĽʦĸ̵ĺܺãúܿɰԸö²˵֪ʶͼҲͬ˶һڣôǳ㡭ôͱҲ֡
˻ݵһӦο
ȻȻЩʲôЩŵ׷ʣһĸô
İɣһ鱻ģԺ֮ǰŵѡԸͬʱ˵ĸ¶Цݣĵ˵Ժ˵ȷϺӵ֮ǰúúʵĸļͥ״ССӽҵңĸǴѧڣѾʮˣΪºͣȶܺãͷǳɫֻΪԭһֱûкӣԲ뷨
裺Ժ˵Ƕĸι۸ԺʱССӽ̸ʽύǰҲѯʹССӽԸľ
룺ƺ˵
ͷȷʵǲŴȥ̽һΣۿССӽţдǵ¼ҵ绰֮ǰѾϵˣǵĸͬȥݷãλþڶߣȻҺͰְֹʱͻȻ뵽ݸڶб͹˳ҪҪһȥ
îͷϾµļͥεĻԺžͲˡ
ӽܹ˳˳߳Ӱ뵽¼ҵУΪîҲܰġȥӵ
ԣҪȥ𣿡Цʡ
Ȼˡ뵽ԹɻẰݸСһڷԥĵͷԼİᣬʰˣھܳȵȣ
ץԼ·ᣬȻûʲôζǸոձǵһ£ȥһ·

ӽĸʯg֮ǵҲ֮Ϊʯg
ǵ¼ڶӷǳɣһܴͥԺ滹һӣֻڲڻڣֻʣ˴̵Ҷӡ
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СȹӵЦСܹȥס˻ݵȣӽǻ˴ת
þòӽ顣к߸߱𣬷ǳȵľ˸߸ߣȻЦݲãôûкúÿģ
Уӽ˵ţȻŬͷ̺Ӣ嶼ᣬһϷ
ʯgӢɺʯgҴ˵֡
ΪŸոձС̥ûȫ¶ĸ˼ûиĿڳƺΪְ衣
Сһʮ㾫ģǶĸƺҲ̫㡣
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ǸС͸ӡʵŮˣ۽ȻЩƣɳƵϢգҲɴõ塣Ůͷźº͵ЦݣŲæߵſڣȻǷǷǴԶߣʯgָ̡
ǴˡͬǷǷȻ·;һеĵݸԷһСС⡣
ˣķǳлӽ飬Ÿˣǽɣӹеʯg͵˵
СͷһǣһȲĴŻݺͲߡ˿һֱվںĬĬ۲îҲڴʱʯgǷС˵˾䡰ˡȻҲȥ
ߵݺͲͱһǳסˡ
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Թƣһ׶Ҹߣʮ׸ߵ̨ӡȻҪͷܿͷ
ʵ˵ٻڼô
ʯg˺ܿע⵽˵Ĵ㶡
Ϊȥÿ˶¶ֱ飬ΪֲֵüºʹҺҵɷϵĽͽÿ춼ҪصһǼЦˡ


124 
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ȥĲʣʵطǳˮ⻬ԻݺͲʶĽ֮Ϊ񡱣ôǳټ˶Щɲ
ģէһۿȥǹüĿͰüһԲ롣ϸ۲죬ȴֺ͹˸Ӵš
ձĹᵭԱַзŮ*1ʯgȴԴŮ̬ҲڡȡȻڡҲֻԶԣ͹ϵû˻ôΪ
⣬Ҳ·ŹڡȻɴϵķֺͷӰڣϵƷͷҲͬ΢Υ͸УϵĹǴ·ĳ뵽ձ
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ձ˰壬ʲôԵ񡱡Ҳûм֮ƴյô׵ġ
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Ȼô˵̫ãҲ֪ȱֻһС񡭡͵ĺ޷Ƿ򸾵뷨˵մҲȲȱˡ
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ݺͲ̲סתתӣͬվֵǰ۲ĸߴ鿴ȥ
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׵ӽŻݺͲȥԼķ䣬С̥ǵŲŴʹ㣬˺һϷ
Ц졣

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ԼҺû˿üֻܹԼй۲îĹβ΢΢˻Σİ˲١
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ںӵߺܶ࣬ҲǳܰóʯgԴǲһʵ
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Ϊδµĸĸӡ
ȻǵᲽ죬ҪһΪ֧

ʯgһ룬ʯg°ؼǰݺͲ뿪ˡ
С̥Լĵ绰룬ѻݵĺһ˳ȥ
裺ҪĻԲรҲԣϾͺһУԺҲ̫㾭ˡ
񡹴Ҳ𣿡
ţϾ񡹴Ǻġѽܹ뿪ԼػءĺţϵİְһĬĬעǡڴǵĳɳֻǲǵˣϾǵδҪԼ
ӽ黶Ĳ廰ȱ˵ҪԼǿδѺĥѣֻڤڤиָ
ЦӦһ
ҪúǡСһԴ˵
С̥ص˵ͷ
ȱһ뿪ʯgұصǵճ
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ˮǹ̶Ĳܿ飬κα仯ġƺʯgҵϰߣ²ڲܵĵҲ򵽲ϲ
ʯgһһɢŵ׼ʱ˯ʯ򸾻ֱǽ˯ǰ¡
һжǳƽ
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Ͱ绰˵ͷ㿴ʯgºͺ͵Ľӭš
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ų΢βƯָĲЦݲõվѡڴֲһָֻ߸߾һݱ㵱УҸǴ˷ƬĿԳԵ㲹Ŷ
ԴӲϴżȻݵ򳡱ĳ󣬾ͷ·𱻵ȼȤһʱʱΧۣرǼûʲô¶̽ҲѵеӣֱҰӡ
ӹضȫܹҲˡ
С裬ǰǡҲ̫ˣ辮̫ǳĻ֣Ȼεʣ˺һ𣿡
û취Ҫǰȫһ飬һᴭġ
ǰװʷ۵ı㵱ݻȻˬ˵ƯѧÿǧܹǼͳԵģСɡУ𵽴ҿֻԼҰֺͽ㶼¡
辮ʱʧ˲١Ȼͱͷ˵ǰй
ûڵĶѣǰְģ
ҺͽͽģİɣԹζˣƽոպá˵ţȻżֳ˵ĻְֱҲһģƽɱ༭ˡ
ݻȻ ΪǸɣ
ţ߸ˡһ¶飬ʹļ׵ĵͷıʹȻǸӡ
ƽɱ༭ͱദҲ߰ˣԷǸͨˣȴƾһޱȵԶԼʱദӲЩƶîķݡ
ܺõάƽ⡣
î˵Ҳбθеѡ̸ܶ
ֱѾΪһߡΪձ̳֧еîʼٲ
Ҳû취飬ϾîƷÿĳ롢ӰȸַֺѾҪļ֧ͥ⣬ῪʼͶʵŵ˲׬ĹɷѾ൱ɹˡ
һǰ£Ϊ˺ѲŬдîȻӡЧдתΪȤʽд
оͶʣûо͹С
⼸겻̫ƽӶĶî޷о˴ͲɱĿʼ-1-1-1
ǣǰڳɫָЧʵ³軵ֱȻƷƽɱ༭˱ʹˮ
ʱܹܵ༭ʹˡ
#ʦֹô졭#
#ʽ߸弼ɣ#
îĻ԰Ǽ໹һֱǼҴڻı༭Ŀߺʹ߸壬îÿζᱻ˵ĲȻԹڰӰࡣ
ǣԴһ ˵Һšβʦ㽻ɣĶ߶ڵŽβڽ͵İ³ɹҪӺƽɱ༭žͽΪճ
ܣ洨֮ҰݷõʱǡĿƽɱ༭Ĵ߸ֳ
ͬǸСҵ֮鿴ųߵƽɱ༭ֿվһ޴εî֪ʶβʦîһʽ
˲ԴտգȻű˱Ҽţŵî׷˳ȥ
î֮Ȼ³򣬵Ͼ֮ôꡣ
Ȼÿ˶îĵǶġ
Ͼ洨֮˵˵Ϊ顣
ȫԱȫû취֮î/ְӡ
֮ܶ
Ϊîʱ׷֮ˣָʧܵƽɱ༭Ȼˡ
ҳɹîס˼ָͨ·߱˵ġ
Թ
˻Լ֣¶ϵĹְֻͨǾ俴ıģתԱ
һ߿ֱһдûϵ𣿡
裺֪һ߿дҵģ
ݣɿʼƽɱ༭Ƿܴߵˡ

ͬһʱ㡣
ʯgҡ
̣ʰˣӽ鱳Լİ䣬ǣ˳
ʯgոƯСȹӣְæӽӰȻϸϸ۲죬¶ЦݣƯ·ǳʺŶ
ӽ鲻˼Ц
٣ͥԣʯgҴĺȥıȼ١
˵λɽе˽˱
˵ȥոսõġ
˵ȻȪСϪֵķï֡

ӽڷżǰѾڴˣϾǻǰ͡

ʣ̫ڸˡøոϳӽ鵣Ļ᲻ꡣ
ǶһȫѧǱߣһƬεշǳˡ
żҲȷʵᷢ¡
ͬһС
ͬĵŲһա


128 
ձ˽ơ
ǺպΪĸʿɽȨҲ˽˵ġձΪÿ궼ҪʿɽǳӴ޷á
ˣ˵һɽǧƺɽֵضĳ˻ĳ˽еʲô޷顣
ֵһǣƸʿɽɽ⣬ձͨɽ󣬴ƽֻܹǺܶ˶Ȥѡ
ɽļ۸Ҫȡ༰ͨɽطǳˣԼԪһƺľļ۸Ҫߵöࡣܵ˵ضʮԪɽֵصǳձ顣*1
ʯgǮ
Ȼû취ƷȣҲǻʵĸ
˶һ۸ϵСɽԴ˿ִɽ´ʱۿɼķΧȫʯg¡
ںۿڳеٺ˫ȥǰȥԶĵطǳй԰ֻ̥ʮèһſڴĴš
ȫ̺Ӣ𣿡
ţԺɽҲӽļңҪһֱҲû⡣
ûӣأʱ᲻һƬӣأӽ˷ܵʡ
ʯgش𣺡ӣûУǵıͥԺﵹֲһãȻϸʱ򿪵ĻǷǳǳïʢġ
ҸҪҶ֡С˵Σ̣Ҷӻ𣿡
Ŷڼǰɽʱн˵кܴһֶҶɫתľʺϹ۾ʯg˵΢΢סԼʮŮŮϲʱˡ
ձ＾纣һҶͳΪҹ۾ÿ궼ȫҶǰߡ
ʯgϲӣʯg˵ÿ＾ɽҰѪҺڡ
ϼ⣬棬Ѫ
һĻ棬Ź⣬Һ뿴һ
ȥӽЦݣ¶һڰѾ·ˣܿͻȥˣȵ졭ǾһҶְɡ
𣿡΢죬һＸȫѱĺĿʯgˣ̺Ӣп𣿡
ʯgˣ죬죬Ĵ졭ǶԿƬ֡
ʯgǾԲʱ̡
Լˣӽ鱧ò˲䣬۾ҪһȥҶ֡
ֵЦݣġšһ
Сʱ
ڵִĿĵصʯg˳һһվӵ߽࣬ո´

ʮ֡
ŹڵĻȫѧչھڽ
Ϊߣɹʷǰԡ
սø꽱߳һڱߵûȫصܿޱĽͲܵǰȥ
Ҵͬѧ뷢һǵĸ԰ɣȫĹھأһǽıְɣ
ͬѧ֪ڵѡȫ꼶ѧǷᵣʵأ
ͬѧԹ򰮺Ϊʤļһ˵ôأ
ݣ
ҿͼҿĽǶȣΧ˰ΡȺΧµ꣬°ͣжϳǶʱڴӲ
ȥæʱһסһ䣬ԥѡ˺ߡ
Բסˣݸ磬Ҵ磬ǰǣ
Լͣ
·ͬʱûǴ˸绰ԼֳһĴһ˵Ǵ۲ҪȥԤλͦĲǰԤΧĲҵҪˣ˵⸽ĵͼһҺꡭѽҽʱʹȥһˡ
ͼѰҴһ·ͻƿڵĻͷ۵Ļش𣺡ˣѾںԤ˵ֱ꣬ӻغ
Լȥˡ軶˵ͽոշ˶Ÿңְһ磬֮һûд꣬ҾͲӰˡ
Ȼ𡭡֪ˡҲǵһ ܵˣڲÿα󶼻²̽ΪݺϰΪĵͷǵؼң涺̫
OK֪
˵͹˵绰
һһĸŵȥ
ڽ֮Լûеһʱֳغ
ͬһ죬ʮ֡
ڿǼĲոմСܹȥĹȻϸϸССĹߣ겻Դ˹Ů
մ¸ߵĻҲͬһʱ̵ͷ

ǰ
ڷͨǾӽ㿴ȫ̱îȻֲֻ
ڼ䣬زˮ루ƽɱ༭Լģģ˳Ŀһ۸׵ĽȣĬ¥ȫ֪ôڴƽɱ༭
Ľβʦ㡭仰˵ƽɱ༭᲻һ޳أ
֮ͣǰô˼YESķƫȥ
СͣǸʦĽȡ
ڻںĹ˼ϾҲɱжȱء
ŬĴڻó˵ѵоԼڰ̨ʣְ˵Ѿ뷨ˣƽɱ༭ҪҪأǰһѸӽȥġ
ڽǰƽɱ༭գۣͷȴһȥ
֪ԼҴŮ뷽跨ԼڻîŬŸֽ½ڵ˼·
̫ãȻӰڵעС
ƫƫոڤ˼뷨дٵʱ򡭡îϤ
¥½ͺƽɱ༭Ľ̸ߴĶʲôġ
ǡ
ڡͷսڼ˴ǿҵĸ̶֮
óϲáһƽ͵Ľգڻƻʱ̱⧲ĻϢơ

Ϊ񡹵Ĵ˵ʹîЩ仯
޴֮îҵ˿Ƶİ취
ѡɸѡҲ޶Χ
îһὫΧ޶ܱߵ
ΪóԶƶû취˼ɵ̫ңԶ
ȻҲ⡣
˵ĺǣΪǣ¶̶ദθӡͨˡ˵ǶС̥
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ǡ
ôŬһȴʼն޷ı䡣
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Ҳ͵һޱȼҲʹ⡣
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ôͲòԡ̫ˡĲпᡣ
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ʱ
ûʲôΪîеѹʹࡣ
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ϤŮŵɤ
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ΪΪʲô
ˣ裬ְ֡
Ⱦȸ磬ȾңΪʲô̺Ӣᡪˣˡ
żĿǻ䲻ϲĿ־壬š

˲ʶ˵îеıʵѪ̰ĺ
͵վӱײڵҲȥᡣ
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ı־Ҫܶܶࡣ
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
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ʣԶ
Ͳȷľ֪ΪңԶľģ˲١
ǾîƾԼܹʱִľ롣
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죬˼š


ԥſһ߷һ죬˶ԷĻ
ι
ֱǸǽ̬һ£ͬһʱҵſڻģ
Ŷ̿Ĳֱһ磬߸ߵβһ˦絶ޱķɿ˵꣬㽫һŤȫ˳ȥ
ĺ·˶ĿɿڴĿ̶˲ġ١
˲Χ˵ķӦͿ
ʱһߣߵβͼָǰʱʱ任򡪡Ȼڸָ·
Ȼ֪ӽľλãϸ²űļͥ
ԴƲ⣬¸²ĲϿһվĻݣڶȻǵκ˶ҪӽӵĲͳΪжѡ
Ҫ嶯Ǳ߲֪ʲôֻ֮ҵǡȻ۲㡣
һԲܹж֪𣬲裿ȵȴҹȥ
ֵ
ƶŵîôŶ
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îȷʵóԶ·ԡ
ġʽܹѹյ֮ľ룬ɽ˲ƵЧֱߣ;вϰ
îȷǶ̥õľλãֻܹòߵĹǾһ֪̽һѰ
Ȳҵλú귢
֮Բھ˲ƹԼϣȻîָ·ٵִﶫչѲԭʵܼ򵥡
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ԷϾĴæˣӵĶǳѶȵĹ
ʦڽйʱֻźʧͲʲôֵˡ
ġʡ߲ȫ򣬶Ǹźŵԭ֮һ
ߵֻʲôë羲սûʱûȵȡȻ˵Բߡ
֮ܶ
îڵȷû취ϵ϶Էֻܹķ˶ŹȥȻʱʱѣڴԷܹһʱ俴
ͬʱҲڿٸ·
ٳûлӦ
͹˵ܹʱҵӵλãǱߵĹǾҲж
Ͼô˵îǵĹǾһˮƽʵھ¶ѾȫˡҲܹʱʱ̿ͨǾҰ۲״ƶжƻ
îĲµģӽԽԽ
˵Ķأʱ
δ֪˵ǵ顣
Ͼǲ軹ǹǾûƵ

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̫䡣
--------------------
лҪ˵
*1 ԴŽܡ


129 
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ߵʮִ֣ɽ´
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˵ţһ棬Ҫǣӽְ꣬ǵζšǵȲˣʲôǵòʱľԮ¡ⱲӲᰲĵġ
ԣȥɣǳԼĿǾжģﳤܶҵǿұ֤ġ
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Цݡ
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ĹǾǿԽԼֳġ
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϶ʹʯgȴֻǾһ£Ȼ󷢳쳣ϲЦ
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֪ģģӽҲᱻȳġɫβŮôŵţܼǿŶ񡹴һֱĺŬˣԡټһºòãҪ˯ټּ֣ȳȥܿ죬ܿӽҲʹҲΣա
ﱻٶȵĶ˺ѵѪ˿ʹ˵µᶼܴ̼;ϸ˿ڣֻץŲ·ĵ˵ͷ

ѣ̥˵ǡ
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ӭģȴڷյĻԭα¶ĸĶ⡣
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ΪӺͱӡ̾ߡ̨Ҹ
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ԼʣµΨһѪס
Լ˵ģԼ˵ġ
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ԣʹĿҪҲһֱŬʶͣĺš
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ҪﱧȻʲôٴеĽеĹǵɨӸϷ
ΪʲôͻȻֵġϢ
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ȴһᣬȻԼŵ˵ҡ
ţſھվţһŮȲʼɵİ顣
һžݵŤ飬׾ٵⲻĻٶȻ޷Ժʹѵʯg
ûжеĵȴֻǾĿһĻ
ֱʯgȫɣſٵתķ˰ε̬
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ԣֻмͱ޷ʹõӴһȳ˽ʵ塣
ԼîԽ̵ľ似
ޱȵĹʴŮĽĴȼŷ֮ʣѸײڶ֮ǰӳһ𺳵
ŮͷȲ豾˻ߴգ˲䣬ͱɴնϳڣȻ
ҵ䡣
ݸŪĲͬȼĹǾԱʵţȻ˦˦ǵӵкֱصҡ
Ϊʲô̶ֳȵ䣿
ǰӦûûеġ
УְҲС
ֹţҰְϸ¹ǵͬʱһ淢˶î㱨״벻顣
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ǧһ֮ʿ뿪ţﱧڻú󱳵ס˰ſȵıըĳм
ף˹ȦӶͷĿѣбӿĻѾӵҡҡ׹ĽĴ

ǰ
ֻᶯĹǡְ
ʽ˵ɡûϢ
һֱϸ°ʯgҵֻмļ۲죬һڵʱصسյߣʱڱһþ޴ľ֦ϡ׼һõͽ롣
Ϊӽ鱻ֿصطŶһֻļ䣬ͬʱ۲״
ڵңӽȴڽ㡣
ӽ״̬⡣
ȻûҲֻʣһ
ֻһ·ûϢǼڿӽ˲ͱߵҧʯgӢɵԴǼһոմºӵһֱֻۡѾеһֻǼ̨λϡ
Ƕż̨¶ͺһᣬֱӲ˵ʬһ·ߵԵӽǰ
Ǳ仯Ǽܵģ
ιǼƺ֪òƶԷΪӽ״̬ʵ̫
գѡȰ˿ֹѪ
ǳСġ
˵ûϢĹͷĻ
ͽͬʱ۲ŲǱߣü뵽
ôǸ˵ġ񡹣
ԣǡ񡹵ĻõİӦôеġɣ

Ӧûдͷսʵ̫ˡ
ԣǡûи
Ҳԡ
Ƕ̥ûͨѶߣʯgҲû¶κûôǡ߼˵ǶԱֵط̥Ǳɡ
ʵϣȷԮˡ
Ϣ΢ļڽתġǸĺ˵ݣ񡹵ȷӵԲ˵ġ
ʲôġ񡹻ûг
ͽֻܿιǼܣûס
ɴĽĿŵ˱ϡ
һ֪С̥ԳΪʹߡܶȸߵı֪ࡣ
תת鷳䵥ˣɴֱӰץʺˡ
д飬ͽܼǵԼôһֻȻʵʩȽϿ̣ԸһʮŮӦûʲô⡣
ΧôöûصԼĿͽܱšһҲ̬ųһֻȥ
ҲɱʯgͼԲֵֻ
ƺ͹Ǻӵʵ
ѽûʲôرģѾ͵治ʦͬĵͽܳš
͵ڷųһֻһʱ򡭡ըˡ

ʯgÿΡжʱ򣬶Ǳ˴˫һСС̽װá
˫ȫôֹͣʱ̵㿪ʼڱڵըᴥʮ뵹ʱ
ĿġΪǵĽ壬ѡ͡ĥѡҲҪһ̸ΪġҸ

ǡǶĹҧʯgӢɵĲӡӽ˿ڣһ㱻ιȥʯgͽܷųɺĵʮ롣

ڿٵȼţڰҹն
յڶǺ˵ĺ̳߿շڶϡ
Ѿʧص޷صĵز
Ȼ
ûһ˳
豧Żȼգڴһ䵽˵ײ㡣
ԼˣҪһȥҶ֡
軤ڻﻹûдӶл͹Ѿ㶵ıĿ⡣
Լ˺۵֣ۿ˲䷢졢Ḳǡ
ûˡ

ڱըУƶš
ӿҹǰף洵ԽԽҡ
ʱһƬƵҶĳˢ䣬ֱҹĸ߸ߵģȻתšţǡǡƮС
ľһļҶֻǴý٣ҶٶԶҶٶȰˡ
ץƬҶ
ͺ챻ͻصһ
ͬʱ
ϷȻӰ
һֱɿ֣ԥ䵽˻У


130 
ɱģֻи
ͨıըͻûõġ
ǧһ֮ϵ򣬱ԶľݵĶԷֱӴ˲Ƶîڸ߿пλú󣬱û˿ԥɿֱ֣˻
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ŵĽ﷢һ졣
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ʱîҲûйȥˡ
ӵҲʼðսۼİɫîֱӽǾ仯ġǡסкڻԼΪǴͽײһǽڣھ޴ĺĹʯм·䵽棬ŵɳϲĻϨ
ӵִﵽԮɹֻ˲ʮ롣
ְ֣
㶵ĿһĻȻع˲¶ޱȸԾҰĵ顣
˲Լһ̿¶ƤϱըŪĴС˺ֱۣӴšﳯԼҸǱȥ
ڸ߰òȫо˿ڵĴˡ
îûеһʱӦҲû˲䰲ѸΪֵĹʵǷڵϣء
ܹסըĳͻգȴû취¶ȫ
ϣǿ㹻񡢸ŵܹܸ⺢һ¶ȡ
ͣƻǣͷһֵֻСܹһʵĿ齫ӽؿڣתʽ˲䷢ȻʼһСһ״
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̶ֳȵƣѾԶԶîóĳ˵ĸ롣
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ֻҪʱҪһЩҲӺķѾҲҪСʱ𲽡
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кᱧڻîվŤͷ֪ʲôʱվߵ
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ִǿʦͬ˲صĺ󱳵î˳Լȫעǵϣֱڣź֪ʶƺֵĹڳĬһ㡢ΧҲʲô΢Ϣ
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ʮ֣ձݵǱ߳鷳顣
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ͷű仯޴պѣЩ졣
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131 
ĳ˷нˮ񡹵ĶдѾͷĿѣˡ
ͽƲʱҲⱻСϢ󵼹ǻڌ˽ֱнעߵġ项һ˵ϡҲʯgұõɡ
Ȼ´ˣͽҲ
ҲԶʲôʱ䣬Χ۲ĺǳªɱĻ棬Ҳܹעĵ·ǰ˽ʮȷŷһԼ롹©ͻ֮ɶ˻Ƶļ̶ȥ
˵ĻǾ˴󽱡
ϾתʽĶǲɶõ
棬ȻǺߡ
Ϊîû˿ϢֻеľʵȱʵʸͽԼˡ
ȻîһֱԼġתʽƫʵϣ̶ֳȵ統Ѿֿɹĳ̶ȣͽܼĵһ۾ڱصáɼǵ˶ܹڶ̶˲ָܲҪ
˵îĿǰչֳֹЩ
ˡתʽ⣬ǰкֻǵʵҲʽ¶Զ׼ܹԶжд鱨ڵķĴڣǿȻ͡
⣬Ǳ廹ǷûϢһϢûУԣֻεٻŶϢ
ӌ˲ԮǸһϢкȫҲж鱾Ļǿȡǻˮƽѷɫࡣ
ζʲô
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132 
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ȥ꡸ͷսӰŸոչȥҪһƽ١
𾪺ץ˰Լİ׷һѡȰîͻرҡ
îȻһ˸ר
˵¹ش󣬰µʱ䲢࣬ҵõһʱ߲С
֪ˣллİæӽĸߴվԭأĵͷ
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134 
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135 
ͽִܵǰųս֮ҹǣݣϣһ꼶Ľš
ݺҹǺϤˣûϣΪòĺδѧк
ݣ㰡̫˵ĵĺˡ
Ժϣֱ׵ĿڣԸ̹ʵ´Ȼ²ζʮ˵ʵʹˣ̫˵֪˭ȡְǶȤζ֪ĻΪǸСء
ҹһԸº͵֮ͼԲǸݣϣʵûж⣬ֻϰô˵ˡ
ݺƽò벻õģҹǰҶܸоԺǰûж⡭ʵ˵м俪ʼҲѾϰ߱ôˡ
Ĳ̫⡣
ϾСô꣬Ϊֶ²۵Ĵ̫ˣرСѧڼ䣬˳Ц䴦ȥˣһȺɵСͷѣֻҪֵĲ۸ͻĬĬ
ڱۣϣֱ׿ڵģûݾûʲô
ϣֱӽ־ͺˡϣˬʵ˵ոյ鱧ǸֻǾ̫ϡ棬ʶ²ˡ
ûϵ
ݵͷֱǰȻ̫ϰߣܿ㣬Ȼ򵥵Ļشҵȡģԭ֪ҳʱԱǴ⣬Ҳ벻ʲôˡ*1
ϣ̲ס²ۣʲôѺӵԱǴ
һ˻ᣬǸ˵Ļҵò֡
ƫܴ˵
뵽ǼһҲڸרְ͸Ӳ̫ˡ
̧Լĺ󾱣ֹڵĸҲνˡ
ڵĸף
ҵҲҳˡ

⌝֮Ĺϵˮ
ǸԸǻʵãⷽǳӲ¶Լʵ뷨
СǸΪµĹڻ
î߻ݷʵѾˡֻǸˡ݌ӡҲûܺõ㡣
һλܹΪʲôͻȻϵڼҵѣȴû취ǸٻͲżҡͻŵʱѾϵԺѻ¡
Ҫһ㣬ǸĲú׶ӽ
˵ѾˡھֻǸ˶ѡԭвЩҡ
ԼСѧһ꼶ʱ˵ġ㌝Ĺ¸Ȥʱҡ仰ԭðһ˲ҪҪȥ뷨
ȻݾͲĻڡͷսʱǸ˵˺Լżʱı֡
ݣ
̫Ƿˡ
ôôطֱʡȻšֻ
îְֵĻǻᵣĵԼЩ
ûеǸҲҲûԼϵԼ
ǣĬĬĽֶҡɱҡ
ܿ͸һˡ
յҲΣϾϣͻƺ̸˻Ҳһܹȥ
ϣ۾Ϳ顢ֻܹݲ⡣
ҵԺǰеȻȫûа취ʹãҲûʽҲֻܿ䡭ĻҲ򲻹
ϣ㶣Ȼ̵ʵGҲðˣ
ǷǳֿɰĺӣСһ꣬ڻڶС
δҲר𣿡
Ļڻ֪˵ǺӵʵһܹΪܳɫʦΪֳĻһǲϣʦ̫Σˡ
̸⣬ݲִϣЩֹǺִĻҲû취ʲôϾҲŲ˰ְַʦԼĻȫûֹ˰ɣֻܹԼǿһ㡢Աʱܹ֮Ȼǲ̫ϣӦòɣϾǺƺʦûʲôȤǡ
ҳٳҲְİ취ܹæĸʺܴ
ôţݱһš
ϣ̲סЦˡ
ͬáҪõȻܹλδѧϵĵǡ
ռʱΪǸദĳƨСʵϻ
ҡ
ϣ룺Ϊͨ˼ͥ
ȻѾϰ˵ӣʵ˵ϣϲ֡޷ʹҲܹƾߺѵΪ˲ʦȻ̬ȡ
ھƽȵʦԺϣټĸܵƽȵĴ
ǡ
ݻûʽѧר˳δǰˢ˲͵ӡ֡
ϣδСѧԽԽ졭
ϣ˼ͻġʡʹǵѺý
ǵһ̧ġ
ݣ㲻Ҫܣȳȥ̫㸺𿴺δѧܡ
ϣϵĳԼSČݶ
ϣڻûѧרĻݣҪČ
Լԥ˳ȥ˲ʺٶգ۾뿪˽ѧ¥

ͽƺƴĸôһ˭ҲûϵзûȥսƵרͶĿġҹ̫
ʵǺܳɹ
ʦ̫ˣרܵҲޣҪֹֿģҷֲȫνӵĴе鳱ȻǽϳԱͳͳϳ
ר׵壬ϵµѧҲӲ
ǱʦȻӡΪǰӺԿӵ׳ٶ߲һֻ۱һֻ۵ĻˣҲҹУһҪɳȥӰࡪȻ᲻Ͳ˵ˡ
پǱ߾ûпӦõķ
˭֪Ǽһھܵˡȫһʵ̫ơ
֮ܶ
ڵĸרͽԤϵϿտҲ
ʦ͸꼶ѧȥս֧ԮˣУֻҹ̫δ߲εĶʱըԺϣ߲ͬӡҸѧʵδõ߲
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ʵҲô
רΧĻǻмලפءȻȱսȻû취ؼʦ
׼ȷ˵ǻûüͨ籨ţͱĵ׵ȥԴ*2
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ѧʱѧͽ˵רĽͬ裬͌ߵĹ쿰֪
ˡ
ͽܷǳ˳̤ΥϤĸרţѧУڲ
һҵģж˵Ժϣ
ţ㰡ؼʦǰ˫SŮ˽רһݵϣ۾¶飬ԺҵĵβȻ*3
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ûȤֵ̧͡˾ӸµĿҵ磬ҲҪֺӡ*4
--------------------
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*1 ݵʵȡԡݡԭһӵֱ֣ᵽݡֲӶȡ£мx
*2 0
*3*4 0̨ʣɾġ


136 
ȻǰҪڰȫطȻû취İõĽ˵ı
ϾûԱ
ͨﳤģͥ㲻ͨîսɡʽ񣬶ھҪΪʦҲûٴȥʵս
ʧٶڡͷսʱٶȳֺؼ͵˱ңһѱ͸˲裬һڲǰݽҲڻڸûκγֵڡ
Լ
ӰȻԶȲؼʵãҲǲˣοӰ⣬ʽͰְֵĹǾڡ
ĹĵȻҪһ
̷۾꿴ϣ뿪ķЩ겻ƵƵ
͸ո뿪ϣҪտδѧ̫ܵ¶Цݣģϣʵǿģ֮ǰ׼һ鵥սУ߾ʲô쳣ӦҲʲô鷳Ľɫ
ҹ˵ϣʵʵܲ
ǸߴˣȻûûʽһ似ȴֲⷽĶ̰塣
ڷΪԭ˶ϡѡӦԼרְ֮󣬺״̬Ƶϣˮƽǳɱӡ
ӸѧʱͶ錝еˮƽѾܹһ鿹ˡ
ҹͬ顣
һ㌝ʦ˵ȻҪϾ㣬ͷжǳе顣
ҹǺϣǴû߻λؼʦ
ֻҪؼϣڵʵܹӦ鷳ҲлԮ
ؼؼҲֶΪпһʦȻѾԶԶ˵Ԥϡ
ؼ֮١
˭뵽ս֮ʣзϢϮרʣµļѧأ
ϣ뿪ûãרʹĺ
λڽҴ̧ͷ
ҹǰҲȥɡ
˵ţ̧֣µĺӰˮƶȻһӰУŵе㵣Ժǰ
ҹصĿŴġʡüͷţսھͺ߲ʲô£ϣʵӦӦ
ִĳϣҹ̫һǸݣҪȥһˣĻУҪңΪѵġ
ûеҪǱĳ̶ȣңѵԭҲֻΪҵĴڱз֪ˣְǵұץȥвְ֣˲ű͵Ȼȥսæˣ
ӰתߣǣûŤͷߴҹǣȷʵûս㣬ҲǾʽѵģٲǺˣ߰ɣҹǰֲõԤС
ҹ̫޿κεĸ˹ȥ

ݴûԼҲѻǱʡ
˵ǲЌ죬ľˡ
ǣһﲻӦսΪʲôﰡ
ߣ
רУڣ΢ŵŮĺ
ϣϥȫûˡ*1
Ѫڵεδһ̲еSǶϳڡ
ɷѵϣʱܿ׼ˣദĹۺͷϵȣȻʧȥ˼ս
ϣڵϣöϵSһҡҡ׹֧ԼͬδѧܺѾѾȫǼһͽܣǸؼʦӣ
Ѿȫڴ󺰣ȻϣĻҪС
һֻվϣߣǼ̵ֲ󱳴¡
ϣ
ҹ̫˲ɴ۾Ȼ˻һ㳯ϣȥγԼĵ
ȻҹǸǻݵļ
ڱӰһƿը죬׼ըֻԴ
ҹǳûϣ͵غˣһһ׵ֻȮʽǴڻһֻǳͽϮȥֻǱ˵ʦıܿˡ
ֻһʵĹǾȻԌλʦ
Ǿһ˲ͷɢһغƴ˻
ǡ
ͽܵķغ󣬶ֻȮ΢΢㶡
Ŀ⻺ƶһֳֹϡ
ڷۣٴС
Ժң
ʦûĻԺҵġʮӰɣǰڸר鼮GǺܺıԺҵ洫ʽɣû˵Ժôһ˰
˵Һ㡣
ͽͷ˼ţ
ûʧȥʶҹǴҴ·ŶϵֹѪϣҲסˡ
۾ʧѪԵʶԴȻŵ˲٣ŵȮͻ֮΢΢Ŵһ
G
ݺ͡ʮӰ
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Ϊʲô̳еԺҵʽ
ǰьͨ˼ͥԺϣ𺳡
Ѫּյĺӣ
ȵȣһ¡
ϣԺʱһ˷·һԲ۾
˵ǰû졭ͲǴ
仹Ͳ⣬СӡǺͦ
ǡþԺȥѪϣѪԵϵ֡
ϣ̲סԼͻǰ̸
ʲôѺӵԱǴ
һ˻ᣬǸ˵Ļҵò֡
⣬׵һǸϣĪҲòǲ
Ҫƫܡ
Ҳϴ׶Ա¡
ϣһʱ۶޿ڣ֪˵Щʲô
ĺӣҾСӵĹùˣ
ϣ
ϣ˼˼˵ڸЩµʱ򰡣
һߣٴС
ԺҺǼûϵ
̷۾ٶ̧𹭣գۼγɣι̵Ĺұ·ֱۼⶼ˽ţ΢΢
ҵֻб󣬺ûϵ
һƶҹǺϣǰĻһ˵ţһ亹
ˡѹȸкǿ
ؼͨʦ֮Ĳࡣ
⌝׼ͽܲŲæ¶Цݡ
󣿰λǼһõһֺư쌝δҲ̫ƫһЩҶеĽˡȻ̫ܣһ䣬мߵĴ𣿡
˵ǰǸɱȫʦʦ硹ĻĻҾܾޱ˵ͷСӶ˵׵Ļ
Ǿû취ˣôҶߡ㡹֮ǰͷʱϢһ°ɣģɱ㣬ҪĻɾɲóˡ
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Ҫʣ
ҹǺͻݵı
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ϣʱ㡹Яҹǳ̫նɱֻ͵󳯻Ǳ߿ٿݴһ뿪ͨ
ʦǶڣܹǰؼʦģֻҺ͡㡹ˡ
ҹҧ롣
Ȼѧϰѹơ㡹⌝ߣܲܺ͡㡹úսԼҲ
Ŀǰѡ
ҹǺĻûԥǰİţȮ͹ǾҲһʱ令˻ǰΪ·ݷֽӰΪӰһնɱ͵һ׼ȥҹǻϡӦϣ
Ȼ
˵ĵ͵ڻ£ͽܴһֻë㵫ĵͼгһڹԼŵٶȺ;˵գۼͻݵľ롣
·׾ٵĽͼϮĹǾƻȮʮס
ĹͷƬ·ֱȻһ㻯Ϊ˻ҽ
⻹ǻݵһοְֵĹǾƻ
ˡ
ҹǺͻݻһξ룬ұ谭ţǰһʱ޷æ
ֻʶ˫סӰǰ
һ룬ǰڹĳϮ
ǰڹǼֵڵؼߡơ
ݵӰȻ޷䌝
Ӱס˵һȻͲѺۣݵ˫ֱֹסĶȻ񣬳ӶĲӰӶĳϮȥ
ͽǰ˵ûɱݵĴ㡣
ֻҪʧȥжˡ
ݣ
ҹǻۣϣˣδѧϮĶ̼á㡹һȫ֡*2
һеӰ顢ֹҲŤ֮֮ľԮߵˡ
԰һذ˺˿ʯ׹Ų赲ƾ׼ĶͽƵġ
ڹãıǿ֮ķҲ֮ı䡣
󱻷ʹͽ۾
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һˣѸٶȳڻˡ
ٶȸ죬ǿϵǻɽһţǼĺɫTų˺ۼ
̧ͷһĹ⣬ǵİ̱־ʮŴڸС
ͽܻۣ⡣

뱩ֿǡ
ޱ׺һȭֱֱƷɣȻֲֽûվȵıӷסȻèƵൽԼͷ
Χ˵ĵ͵黹ڲϿţɨһۣȻԼŵĴ̫ȡ¡ŵĲɢ˽̫ڼͷĵǰԾٶȺͳ׾ɨܡ
ʦҹǾϲĺ
㵥ֱŵϣȴ¶ۡ
ϣһȥս𣿡
˭ܰ
Ȼŵս²ߣȫȥǸԺ˲սĳУǲڸרķϣʺֱ׳˵
ɽǣĿһĶӣȷû֮΢ŵ˿
ȻһʵֺǷ˵ҲŲӰ࣬ļǮ
--------------------
лҪ˵
*1 ϣ0ʧȥʶֻˣ˱ܿˡ
*2 ҹ̫0С㡹ȫΣͽսʱǵڶΡ
Ϊҹǰѧϰѹƿơ㡹ˡ㡹ûȫ߹ѧҲҪҹԼʵ˱ǡ㡹һ ߡ


137 
ҹǺϣһ˲䱻סˣһ²ֲ֪￪ʼģ
ΪϽĵĺúӣȻ޷Ӧ˾
ݵǶԴ˽á
ǶԤڡŸ̰࣬Ѿûʲôþȵġ
Ȼһ¡
ȻȻһˡ
ݣ14ܴ꣬
ŤִľʹУΪĵǿҲʶˡ
ҪлС
ĿȾüҽǸ߻Ҫô
ǲһ
ԵСڷ顣
ݣϾһﵽΪֹûлͷһֻۣźԺǰ죡
ϣعŰ˵һҲ̫ûθ˰˸ӻ˼Ұŵİɣ
ֲʦңսʲôţӦһ˲ǺУιôİϣȻŪӡ
˿ŵĵĿԼѧѪԵϵãü㲻Ҫ˰ɣ
£ѧУĻô˵һ
ϣڡ
׽ضϵѾҹòȫסʱֹѪͬĵִҲ԰ģȻʹͷҲЩγϵ׻Ǹӽϣھ㲻
Ͼͬһ͵ĵ桸丿Ҳ丿
Ĳ˵ȷ൱ǿ
ϣЩʵǼһؼʦûɣܽǼһ𣿡
˭֪
ϣʱˣ㽫עջͷˣĵ˵Ͼҵֻѣ߲㣬˵
ɵСӲ㱻УŲӲա
ȫʦ黹ҪûдڸУҪأ⣬ûеڶܷĴڡԸ鷳ؼʦϮġ
Ҳû취ˡ
ڳһʱԻ̬ȻԵԼվλùڸߴȫȫ굲ס
ҹǣϣСӴԶ㣬ҼǵüӦȥսҽ˰ɡû˶ƣԼ취ҡ
ǣʦ
ҹ̫ϵĵͷǱ߻ϣֲŤδѧܣЩš
ͽķǳҾ׼
ǰǳݵֻȥġ
ʽʹǿʽĻ˵ϵһֻܹ֡սһ롣
ҹǣû°ɣݡ
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㱼ȻڿîְֱӰԼڱĴ
˲䣬Լеš
ʲôЦ˲źîְûñȡ
ֻǡ
ԭΪѾȫ䣬ڴʱԼԼðЩصƬΡ
ƺܾúܾ֮ǰԼҲô˵ıӰġ
ֻڻԼǰıӰһڶԷԼģֻΪ뿪͡ԶȥıӰ
ʱļ䣿
Ӧþʱļ䡣
ϾһԼѾˡ
˵ֻмܼǵʱӡ̵¡Ĳ費һݵļȻҲڳ˵ĵزӡ̵ƬΣҪ̼ԼðЩ
һ֪ǲġ
Ͼ˵Ĵǻƭ첻ڵٻġ
ǡ
Ҫ֪˹ȥĳ嶯һð˳
ȻǸҶ̾ΪֹˣĹȥʵȤġ
һǴĻӦòԼô˵ɣ
îְƺҲûȫһ˼
ôţͷĸ
ȻȻŲƫܹ侲òıлˡ
ллСһ㡣
ȻȻ裬ȴټûųζ
Ͼô˵ԷȷԼȻ˾Բֹôһ
˵ŤͷҹԼϣġ㡹ʱԳˡ
һĵ۾˲ִԲ
ֻԼעᡢȴӶԷõĴڱһ
κǲŵСĻͷȴֻ׶ӵıӰ
ŶŶ

Χһ־ͽƤЦⲻЦĿŷ
ɱأȴû׶֡
жǿ֪ⲻǼ򵥵ͿԽĶ
鷳һô꣬Ȼܴӷ
һɵ˸רȻѾаˣ͸Һúùȥ
ҡ
һʦɨһȺδ뿪ķ򣬷ų鱻·ĴɽĸɸɾòĽеڹץУһ䱸һ濪ڳּһھȻݺ𣿡
ͨ˶Ǻӡ
۾Ϳ䣬޷ʹֻܹߺʹսϣڸרͶҲȻͽܹΪӵС*1
׼ͽܵ۱׼ֻʹɡȺ鷳ͬûдһࡣ
˵оɳڡ
һǮµɱ֣ھȻʲôа
ͽܿž;ÿЦ
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ӲԼҽڣҲûԼаˡ
Ǹ޿ɾҩµɱ֡ͬΪɱֳ֮֯ͬڶûиĹ£ɱŷǳӵ˸
ԺΨһšԸΪԷıҵȥ󣬳׶ķʹûιԼܹա
Ҳȷûա
һǸЦҲֻڱɻ֮һ˰֪Ķӡ
ȴӷĹ﻽ѵıΪݱһ¶ʱɱѡ˼۲졣
Ȼ󣬾ͱƭ˸רְ
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ݲԺңҲû˵Ҳûʲô⡣
Ȼ˾޶꣬˹ĵֿܹ⣬ʣµĲȫ˻ˡ
ﷸ
ﷸܱӶҲܵõıꡣ
ûд̾ѾǿüֵķˣοҪԺȵĻҪʲôͶأ
ٴ֮ǰ͸Ͷ
û飬ϾѾһεԳ鶼̫⡣
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ͬΪﷸǰ߿ԱãͽȴС
ΪǸǻݣվߣȫԱãͽܵȴվǾĶ棬Һҡ
Ȼû顭óԼ̺ô
˽ºɽסȡ˹Ӷ
ǮΪڼЩߣҲ»عһ鵽¡
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û͸¶ԺֱԻݵµġԼһ*2
Ӽ߰ߵĻ쵰Ϊһα͸ڵоϴ׸ɾҲϰ˱ĵײ
һʲôţ
ͷڤ˼룬ôҲûܻ˵֡
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һʼǸԼǰ;õڶ󷴶Եޱȿɱ
Ҫµûǰ;á׷ļһôߵزġ
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ƫƧŮĻ棬Լʮͨڽ̽Ӵĸֶġͨ˵*3
һһͨˡȺʦİһһġͨˡ졸䡹֤ݣγ˶Լҡǽ̽ͽܡ
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лҪ˵
*1 0
*2 Ժֱ˵ġԼ̳洫ʽԺҪӭݻȥΪһμȫƲתƸݡ
ȷᵽǺ͡ԼԭձߣԺԼԺֱ˼ˡΪĳԭɥʧʶǰڣֱ˵ĶԺֱռλڣͻݼλ
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*4 ǵỊ̇СʱԺҵƽɵġԴʽ顣


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*1 ƪҹǵ򻹶ֻࣨΪ㣬Ҳ
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Ȼû׷ʣϣûϾʱ֧֧̫ͼװϲ˵Լ֪Ļݶ˿ɵɫʡ
ֻǱ߲㣬ΪɵϣȻƫԼˡ
ȻҲϿڹȻٶ˵ʡ
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Ϊʲôҷ䡭
Ϊ㷿հΪԵʱĽôֶŵˡ
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ҹº͵ֻݷ˶š
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ϣǸŪʮҵ׶ӣҲֶӡ
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ȻܣҲǳԷǿȴԸʶΪϣʵϲǼһ
Ͼõ׵Ժң˸ȱݵѾϲˡ
ҪǣڡٹҹС죬ദĻݻûʶԼָһʱϣǿ
ǼһͺԼĺӡ
ݱʱŭûдʱķɣͱòлʱ޴롣

ڡٹҹСı󣬿һѻջߵȥһۻݺѧȻͻݴ۵Сۡ
˼ӣԴîġٺúüһǺӵ״ҲҪǡ仰Ȼ󡪡
ޱɰͰһ䡰û£ûҾˣˣĶ뿪ˡ
Ψһúɵֻîת¡
ץǰȻǴͲö˲ʲôڴ
ĵϣһǱ
׶Ӱɣͺںﲻȥһ°
¡
ºϣ²Ƶʵֻõͷķܡ
ϣ֪ԷЩʲô
Կ϶˾Ǹ
ʧ˴£Ҳӱܰɣ
ֲܱʲôûкá
ȴηηŤǰ׳ôĸ
ͷϣͨ绰ֱԷ뵽

ĸѾݣǸԡî֤ϵĳ壬ڰæʵڵļ¼
ڸ״̬îݾĳ乫Ԣŷѧ˳·յԼʱסĻݣͷ
רǰȥ۲֪ͣŶҹǺ˳ҷϢ
îº͵˵ţȻָָڳߵı㵱У˵ҪɣȥЩʳģ׼һЩǰˣ˳ִȥɡ
еԼҺ˼ʹϵĴҳһϣܹõδǰǵչˡϣܹúСîΪ˻˲ٵ˼
ҡ
ҹ̫ʦҲ
ô˵ԷҲǻݵδʦ
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ǸȻëܶ࣬ûе޿ɾҩĳ̶ȣǰ飬ҲԼɡ
ԣǸƺѾҪܹͻݺú˵Ǹͺˡ
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ֻǳ֮顢⡸ࡹѡ
ƫƫ˵Ϊ̫գڻݳٳûͻ
ĽǶ˼Ļîе㵣ԼҪĺӱߡ侲͸ף鲢ᷢ
îϣܹƽദ
ʵ˵ֻһ̹ϵ̸ͿԽ⡣
ؼ̫ϡ
îŻݻؼҺĻ̲ס̾˿
ְ̫ºˣǼһȫһŲң᣿Լ˵ҡҺҵԭ򣬷ҲҪȥֻܹ£ǰѾżҺˣ
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ҹȺӵĿģ˵Ҳ
ݲ֪ᵽ£ǱҲͬ
îΨһܹģ׼㹻ζʳûݴȥ
óԵĶǻ
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۲͵ʱϣרλ̫ԶˣԻݽҹޣΪ˻һ˯ºͻϴ·
ൽ󣬻ݽ㵱ԼӰȻŰͳˡ
ҹȥ˻ݣ󣬻òĺ͹ԼèкҽܣȻӰó㵱У
Ұְ׼һЩʳ벻Ҫ
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ǰѱ㵱д򿪣ͷè͹ĬãȻĬһٷ֡
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ǺͰѺŪʮʧ˵ݵĳɫöࡣ
ΪǴĹϵԺܶ඼ʳģǷǳҴݵĺţƬвÿǵзϺִԼеķǳɰ߲ˡ
Ȼ⻹вپζǰˡ
Ȫˣˮ츾ޡһרװ㡣
оͨ۲ͱ˸ߵĸߵ
ǲýʳ亡èܹеζġ
ҹǣ˵ǵ׼ͥ
λŮϵĴء
ϣǰôڣ
ݽԼʳĺǰ׼ʳİںãѾ˵ĻЩãȻĿ˿Χ
ϣΪ۲͵ķߣûֳˣȻЩ֡
ȥһˣӦϾܹ
ǰ𣿡
èװɵƵԼë޶䣺ţʱ֪ˡ

ǲġ
Сӵľ۲ûʲôȤһ˵ҲҪٳԶϣȥˡ
ǿǿӣΨһһʳľһϵϣڹ²Ľʳ¹ʮӲŵִĿĵء
Ŷŵζˣá
ϣ¶Цݣֱƿš
Ȼ׼קסһ˲ΪĻݶߵķ
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141 
ݳĬĻǰîְֵĹ飬Լ˵ġͣҪһ㣬úúദĻ
ԭǸһ㡱ʲôҪ
ԭô
֡
ֻſɻըëèݼҪ绰ְֿˡ
ſڡ
ϣקͬĴˣǰȫԳˡ
ƷµֱۼųˬŮ¶һڰЦݲãȴǶħĵϡʦſˣܲỹҪѧǸӰɣ

ѹûӦҪ
˲ŲóԶ㷳ҪҲŸģɶ񣬰׽ˣϣһȻң
ЩٶȺһóֻڻݵעټʧȥ˷عͷԼǿš
Ȼһ
űˡ
ǵĴŻպϵļӸС
ܵĻᣬûˡ

ڹ๾ķݡ
ҪζʳѾǰ˽ȥڳԻݴζǰ˵ʱ˾Ͳˡ
ţ̼ܳˣȪȻһ
㡣
ǰ˿Ҳð
ڸߵˡ
šӹĹĵĲϵͷ
ֿʼԳԺȺȵϣ빷ԼҪԶҲûֻ֪ҪʹҾһԴչèԷΧ֪ΪҲº͵ҹ˿Լͬǣҿ˿ޱĻݺлֻ󹷹еΪѡ
֮󣬻ݾè͹ע£ȮǺˡ
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Ȼۣ̾˵ĹϵĺⰡ
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ϣ
˳ϣŤͷȥĻݶʱе죺
ٳֽﹷӲ˲죬ȻǸԲҵļƽʱϲͶιǣԲ֪߳˲ë
ϣôʽģʳкܶ࣬Գ˹ƶʣݣøָɡ
ǵβ৵ľ
ȮǵԴлȥ뽫һװˮϴһϴָǡ
ԶǸºĵĻϸϸιڴڼ䣬ϣý
ޱĿȥ
ϣڿͣ˵ʲô

èҲڿŵʾ⣺Ͱ
ͷͷ
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׳ô˳ϣɸֵ
ֱתӣ俴ιʱºͲ˲Ŷ˶١
㱼䣬·𿴵ԼŵӵӰ
Ȼϣ˵ݺ񣬵ںʵҪĸһ㡣
Ͳġ
һտյ뵽

˱壬һѧദĺͺ
ݺòԸҲèնԷûѧ֮ǰݾ˳õǰǵϿɡ
Ǹľ۲͡
ϣһĿûдﵽ
˰
ȥĻ˿չ
ϣһˮˬ뵽
һŬʵڲУҲˡ
ϣ˲죬ȻվֲҳԱˣʱҲˣҾһǣǸʰιèǸë׵־ͱϴ˰ɣһŮᡣ
ϣ˵ţȻһڹ󱳡
鸣ָŴ⣺ǹ㵰ƽ
ȻҹǺͻʶŤͷȥʱλû취ʦˡ
ϣһ͵èȥ
ϣקèˡ
ֻʣҹǡ
ҹǺ֪ʶʲô
ҹǱ齥ӲGǲҲҪʲô뿪
ոе޴룬ֻͷһ𶯡
ͷһۣҹҿ˿ٽµ
ͬѧ·ȥͻ
ݣ
רλúƫƧǶµĵطʱ㣬ҪߵĹվѾˡ
ҪܲĻ̾˿æʰо֡
ԼҲߵȽϺá
ֻûվݵ
ιһʳãͷҲ̧׼ϴ룬ʣΪʲôģ

ΪѧҲΪ˱îְֵģвǰǵĺ⡣
ֻӱܵķˣ¸Ļô뵽ò̸ͷ
ɲδרѧϰﻹҪΪ˶ꡣ
ֻҪ֪һЩ𰸡Ȼͻѡ
۾
Ĭ˼룬һڣ
ܣϾǰǸɱ֣ͷźڵ͸ôһ仰ɱ˺ɱ֮Ҳ
07ꣿ
ţǰɣǼһģ

ŻݵıӰûȵһ䣬ƿߡ
ֻɵİȮק棬Ȼ˵ҪʲôʵĻֱʰɣ黹Ӧûúûش𡣡
ݶǱѵЩʲô𣿡
һʱ䲻֪˵ЩʲôԻʰɡ
ݣ
Сʽʹһ
ˮص˲֣ȻŤͷĿĶֻ湷Ĵˡ
Ҿֱˡʵֱص㣺˵ҺСʱͰԺңΪʲô
07߰·ݵʱˣǸʱ࣬ĩꡣ
Ҳ˵֮ǰѾԺý׵顣
ΪǮ
Ϊ˰Լ׸
ʲôɶãݶܡ
ֻҪõһࡣ
ǲٹ¶ԺĹ¶ڳĸط̲꣬סҪ֪Լһ
һԴıܳ嶯

ڵϣ󾱣ٳûи𰸡
ΪʲôҪѻ
˵ΪǮϾʦǺϡеģݵ츳ܸߣԺǳ츳ʦǿʽʱʱ򣬶԰ǧΪλġ
ȱǮ
ȱȱǮҲ졣
ϾеǼؼߣѾֵʮˣ⻹ûɢɢ߼۸ȫͳĻƽǧԪˡ⻹ûĲȥǮ
˵ʱ̸£˵ʵҲû塣
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Ϊ
ߵĻɺһ˰ɡ
ڻݳٳٵòظʱ΢ŵȻ
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ǰŵĻᡸúûش𡹣󣬻ǿ˿ڡ
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һʱҾ֪ˣٷְӵҲ
ԣȻԺﲻǸʽҲܹҪȱĵطǿϼ֡*1
ԺҶԡʦ˵ǵ
ԡʦ˵ȴȻͬˡ
ʽ㹻ɫôܹõõʺŵĴܹ˾ųӵȨ
νԺңνҡ
ּһûиıԼչˣעòաʱܻʵҲȷˡԣҪǸҵĻͻô󡣡
Ҳôɫˡ

չˣᰮˡ
ΪһǺϡһ
Ժҵʮ˶Ǻ޼ֵϧĳ衣
ĸڣԺҵû˰
ûиܹԲôȥ֪ô
תģ뿪Ժͻݵĸ׵
ΨһһҡŮˡ
ǶԷĥƽƽҲ뷨
ŶԷȻͰ⣬кӵʱҸ
ҲһΪԼܹʹӭҸܹµļͥѧԼȱʧĸ顢ֲȱݵ˸
ȻںӵûþͲˡ
꼻һְ㣬ûüζѾʧ
õľɢĸо̫ʹ࣬Ҳû취ڶĺڴ
ֻҪûڴͲʧ
ûڴҲûϣ
ûаԾĵն䵽زֿЦĽһ
ԣݵԭܼ򵥡
֪Լжô⣬Ҳ֪Լжô޿ɾҩۡ
ԣŻѡ񽫺͵Ϊ֮׼ġõĵط
ڻʽδѵʱ򣬾ȫ濼ǵ˸ֿԣǰԺҼˡԼܵΪδȡõĽ
ֻͨʽҪݽϺõʡ
洫ʽԺұҪӭӻݻؼңΪһμμŲȫתƸݡ*2
ǡ
ǰ
㲻
ݾͰˡ
ǰиʱʱðһаźҲûбŵٶ۵롪
ֻΪԺ뻭ʧɣ
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*1 113
*2 138


142 
ݴûִ𰸡
ȻһĻΪûи̫ڴԵʣҪȻĽõö࣬ڵ黹ƽǡ
õöࡱֻǺ͡⡱Ȱˡ
ŮȻҲû롰⡱ķ롣
ݲɱĽ˽бȽϣîְֵĻԲô
Ҳʱ룬îǻŬȥ롢ȥѧϰȥеΣͺһںӺú󣬽׵
ͬʱҲ˺֮䲻һŶۡ
îڳɳϣűʵĲͬ
ǰǱĸ֪Ӱųģĸ׵İԵĽîûߵĵ·ϡ
ΪǿʽԵʣҲһᱻ˾ŰţŸߵġܹչȭŵ㡣
߲ǡ
ݺ֪粢ƽ
ײҪԶҪȳռƵ̫ࡣ
ҵ־ܹ֮Ϊ־£ΪҶѣԲŻᱻ
ЩġΪȱ˶;ԼЩʼնûĴڣ֮¾á
Ҳͽ洨ùȥƶЩҲûеڶʬһ
ݲ֪ȥʲô
ۿɼ֧˸͸ڳ˵Ϊ֪ÿһ͸¶˸ϵŤ
Ť֮£ԾȵΨһܹģǰĺƿԼߡ
뿪ߣбõϣ
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Ťͷʵ֤ҵѡȷģ㲻ǳɳĺܳɫ𣿡
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û˱ȻݸȥԼǸʲôԸ
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̵ĽӹͷҪ˶ˣͦõġ
ѻݿеġְ֡ԼҲ˵һ
˵͸ˡ
š
ӦһȻŤͷĲ
ȻݻǺܲˣû˶뿪˼
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ţȻԥһᣬȻ˵Ǹ
Ťͷ
ʮ겻֪ǹʲôıǸ
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ҹǻûлڳĬúƽ͵ļ̸
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
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ѹû̻ȥϣſ͵èҲԸƽſڣһ顣
űȫռݣҹǼֻܹڱȮһ޺ȴŽ
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˵ףΪʲôȡ֣֣ͬkeiķҲҪMegumiõö࡭һƷζӣкӻŮӶֲ𣿡
ҲûôɡȻǺش⣬ϾеΪ顣
ɡ
뱩ĬţסѾƽİ׹ӵĺ󲱾ãȻеС׾ٸߣס˻ݿߵߡ
ҪáҸǲס֡Ϊںˡ
ܸоشĻһͻᱻȻʽ̸
̫Եúúûش𡭡Ҫô˵أ
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ӻŵʱĽĺӵˡݡʶȡŮζʮ֡
ȻҲûз񶨣ֻҸıź¶Цݡ
Ц͸һΨһĻ䡣
Ȼ˵
̫һ㡣
ǲشֲС
յ鶼һŵʱﱻƵĹӺȻͻΪ˺Ӱ˵桪Сʽʹʽ
ٶȱ¶ڻҰеʶڣȡġ
裿㶡
ȻȻ˵̵ļţ˵ǵġݡ
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ǸԼ˶ܹŵġ̫һŮԣͬΪӵĵеϲá
ңҶˡǡˣҲ㲻Ѱɡ
еĺǡҲôġ
ĵ׽Ʊ硣
õ𰸵Ļ۾΢΢պȻЩ̡
ûԼĸΪͽԵʣݶԴҲû̫ڴ
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ݡ
ָ
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ݶ˶٣ǡǸʲôˣ
ǸͨˣҲһĺŮˡ
ȻĬƬֲ̣һ䣺һֱڴĵ

ݱΪ̸õĳɹѾ㹻ˡ
ܹ֪ԼΪ׸ͱĹϵűѾûͻĽᡣ
ֻͻͬϿɡ
ڵĻסʶӦԶֻӰ
޷ƺΪףҲẰףӦģҲ
δѧרݴŻƽ͵ͬʦĹϵúദ
Ȼ
ѪԴʣȴ֮ϲ
û裬ҲǰԼ
ݡ
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ЩŵԼ֣ԥ˺һᣬܺ˵һġ
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ʶֹס˻ͷЩãȻĿŶԷ
ŰߵſڣȻ͵ؿš
޺ϣèˢˢ˽ȥ⻹иŵҹĬĬ̧ͷӡ
ݣ
Ǹʲôء

̸֮Ϊֹˡ

ԭ뿪һˡ
ԼعϣɴָȫԱæʰ۲ͺĲо֡
ûа͵ĲЦıСĺܺ
ʵɻ̤һһõͷ

ա
صȥîһĻݱº͵Դ
ÿ𣿡
šݵͷȻϴɾı㵱зһԡ
СǴ𣺡ְ̫ƻˣΪʲôǼһ
ǸֻµĻ϶ͲԸȥ˰ɣ
ǵҲǡ
ݣкǸ˺úý𣿡îָ
ݲ̫ȻĵͷǼһﵽ׻ǸˣֻҪеĺôһ㣬Ҳûô޿ɾҩǿǿԺúദɡ
î˿¶Цݡ
ݣС
ţʲôîĵš
ݹȻȥ侲ȴǷԼСӣҵȡġ
˵Ȼͨ죬˵ǡݡ˼
î㶣˲ԼҺӵ顣
Ƥ׷̲סЦա
̫ˡ


20171222գݵա
һ߹
ؼߡ
ֵŶͬŵϣָ˵
ݱһѾ»ǻȥ֮ѡǰߡ
ȻĬĬԼĸծּһ
Ȼ˭Ҫһʱỹû취ܶԷĻݲôû취̹ȻôĶ

2018ꡣ
ٽ󣬹еѧ꿪ʼˡ
Ҳǻһѧꡣ
ѧĻͬ汸֪ʶʲôʱ򶼲Ӷ࣬ΪҪΪʦĹϵ׷ѧҵ
ĩݹʽҵ
ҵ죬îԼҺ·ȥݵıҵ񣬲㹻Ƭ
ڼ䣬ݵ鱨Ҳ걸ˡ
³ԴŻרݵǼǣźѧˡ
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143 
Ժҵġ÷Ŷ
Ȼô˵ȴЦ൱ֻ⡣
ԴԡϵѧרֵֽĵǼʽԺ͸߲㶼һ
Ժҡ
ǿۣһŵıȥݵϣڵ֪ǷĶӺͳͳ¶˴ʧһڵ顣
Ժֱ˸ˡ
Ҫ֪ʱǴĶӽԺġ
Ȼ˵ֻǱĽס
׵ĶޣĶ겢ʽ
ĶʱԺҵû˿ȥ̽Է˼ǵõȵ˼ȥѰңҲ˵ʱ׵ķĳ̶ֳ˵ȷҲܡ
΢еζҲüϰգվǱߡ
ڴٰһ̫ˡ
ϣ£ݺ÷ǳԺһ塣
ΪһӼͥĺӣݶԡʦϡȫðЩ֮ԱǣȻҲܶ䱧ʲô׽
´ǿн˴Ժҵ뷨ҲΪ谭ȫвͨ
˽ףҲ˵Իݸ˱
ڻڵļͥҲúϷ
ôڵġҡڶ෽ŬĽ£۸ĳǻĸǱߵԶݡ
ڻݵ䲻ˣ󣬱ԺĮӵĻĸǱߵȫǺϹġ
Ͽڹʵһ˵ڸĵҲûؼ໤Ȩ
μ໤ˡɵî֤ϵ鹹ƬݣطۡͲƵġîϵıʾҾԲԼĺӣὫתôȫŲʵĸ
Ժҵ֡
ԺҵϺμɥץһ¶ûϢãͷ˺ü
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ȴش𣬡ġûʣǺѳԣۣζĺöģһûϴĳӻҪģ
̾˿
ԡҪô찡Ϊʲôеô𣿡
¶ѷɫî˵Ľʵķ۷ָָԼСĵʵ
Ĺ涨ŻᱻΪ䱾ɡ
G齩ס
˵ٷĻվ̧Լĺ󾱣ȻʧܺĽڰϽ߲֮ǰһ˸취ġ
ˣ
ţϾʶڣһѹסеʶеĽõö࣬ԣ˵а취ܹӡֱӴеʶ
档˵˳ۣ⵹ûô͵ˣһƢĴȡ
һͲǻȵġ
۾ĺһ˻ð۾͡
ʵ˵б㤵
žһ˦ϣǸҺƲˡ
ûϵҪͺˡȷû취ٶǿȨ󣬱ջע룬濪ڰǼһĻôҾԲġ
ͷͦÿĲ۾
Ͼô˵ΪҵʧŵΪݰյСԲ𡣡
ûĻúţ鷳ˡȶʱЩæıȻţ㿴ҲֵĻͲô鷳临
ˣһԼж⡣ϲȽµĻָָڣڸߣȥǰ͵ҽԺȥˣҵϵһҰӦˡ
ͳֻ绰ԼüλãȻ͵ùһߡ
ܸоҺһ˲JUMP˹ˡƺû̫Լδĺ죬ŮӵĻǾ֣ǡʲôġ໣
ܿ׵ĵط˶ԷԴһȭĻޱ֣һ㣬ǹغĴ£
ΪںŬľЦݲã㿴ȥǺܵĵӣҾһȵĸʻġ
ű˰
ŵǻΪǰǵİȫĿɿʦкΣն԰ɣ
ԸΪͨ˵İȫΣıݣȻȻõ˻ȵ
Ǹסˣϳſ׵Ϣ֮ܶǳʺϵͬѡ
ֹ۵ĻȲû̫šҲгͨ˼ͥĲп֪ԭڰɡ
ںƽķůļ֪ͥȻʲôֵǴĶ
ⷴŬĿꡣ
гһգŮҲһܹӵȻ밲ĸС

ӵݵĵ绰ŤͷͰ˴ڻʱи
ල֪ǱߣҲΪԼ˵Ե׵Ĵˡ
ȻȥҽԺѻݺǸұĵù˹ֻൽ˻̵ĸ·󣬱ЦĿһ黢ȶеĿƳ̶ȡ
Gǡټء
ڻݵĴˬĵͷӦᱣסԷ
Ȼ˺
Ŀĵزڱҡ
ְأݿ׷ǿʦ
ϵģ˵ǲŵ˯Ͱ̸λøˡĻشĹԢ
򣬷Ӷȫǡ
ڽ֮ǰקһֹ
ιȣǵöҰһ㣬Ҫ¶ʲôֵı飬ҾԻġ
ȻԼǳòҲԵĻĵ֤
УǿƷϲֱӴҰ⣬뿪֮Բܶκ˵Ұֵ顣ݲ侯棬ǻῴҪҪ

ԼһĶΥǴǴ֡
ͷʶݵǺͽţգֱۣͦ˱֤֪ˣҾԲ˵ȥģҿʲô
ݿһۣȽš
ھĵģûκ˵Ҳûоκ˵Ϣ
İְ֣û
Ȳô룬Ǽڵеʶζۡ
ȻһԣЬ֮СŽݵĻѾ¶Цݣͣס΢΢ͷ
һˣְ֡
ӭݡ
һ룬ͳ΢ֻԵٰɤº͵
ȶʱ壬΢΢۾
ȫûע⵽иվ˻ǰ
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лҪ˵
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146 
Ǹǳߴˡ˵顣
ܰԳƵӢúܸߣխʵġһڳ˵ɫƤ뵽ɽҰգǳĹǽǺ͹βȴìܵĴɭù
ǌѪ̰İҲó˲ʵĲζȴƫƫΪйº͵ޱ޺׺͡
ٻڱһ֪Ļ۲󣬱ʾȫȫ費
ϾȻˣһֱֵ䵭ĻڼȴǳǳЦݹ܌ְ֡
һ·;ż¶ĵǣҲڴ˿˲ʧӰ٣ȡ֮Զ׼İĸС
룬һڷǳČǰŻɣ
Сʱѹ飬յүү߾ͻе밲һ
˽ⲻ࣬Ҳûʲô̫ƫĻȴֵ¶õЦݣǷǷк
ˣİְ֣μ棬ǻʡ

ԴѧרҵѾܾûм˴ˡ
îΪ뵣ĶùǾ̽ԼҶӽĻȷʵǺܾûм˴ˡ
ݺîȻ㣡
Ǿֻһѹͷ
ûְֵĳ࣬ǾӲצͷҲûôһְֵî˵ҲͬȻܹݣǾݴУҲû취ֱӌ
ûôõĶ˿ɲϰˡ
ͽҲǡ
ʱһ簲Էʱ᲻СĶһ꣬żȮȴ͵ķٻʽʹڼҡ
ϵµǵĹͬëңͬʱķ
ļңĿһٵġ
κһڡ
òٶȼݣϸ׼°˴˸ԼҺӵļգ˵簮СļҳھñطĹʶ
îֹˡ
îǿɫжóĽۣ˾ӳɺ˵˵
˻ݵĵȷȷˡ
Ҳ֣ϾݸѧͱΪһʦʵڣʷǳߣԽĹƵʾ͸
ټһ꼶ֻлһûֵֹͬ澡𣬲ΪæµԼӦĵͻȻ䶯˵ء
Ҳʦîԭ
ϸĬĬĵװѡݵΰźӹϢʱкú̽໰ճ̡
ϸȥ̸ȴȻ֪ͻȻое֪Ϊʲô硣

ڻȿʻõĴк£îעתƵֳΨһϡ
ʵ˵Ǹǳϲꡣ
ģֹۣҲǳĬС̫
Һơ
ǿȥֵֹîҲʶǻݵĸ׺òĴк۵ûаʧĵط
î˹ȥ
ڻĿ£ߴ֣ˌԴϡ
ôˡGŶŶŶҮ
ȾԼĲԼԿǡ
ǰù޹ĳеиðĴ򣬻ͳʹԿ˲ָ
ﲻҌ˲̫ó˵©ĵطáתʽȫһîʣ۵ǵġ
Ͼ⺢ǱǾģΪîûʱֱʶݡ
һîβͲˡ
ɽǣ˸ȻЦݲãѾȫˣоܸʮأлл
Ǿͺáîһ㣬ȻͷŻȵ
ô𣿡ãȻʵ
îûشֻǲɫĿԼġħۡ
źۣ֮Ȼȡԭĺɫ
ֱĻȶʱǱҰ޶һð亹ֲ֪ԼΪʲôš
ְ֣ôݵĵʡ
î΢΢üţûеһʱش
޹ϸĿɲ۾˵ม̶ֳȵ䣬ټ
ȵĲðһֻ۾͡гȥھ㤡
»͵ĹȥҲܹڌֱͬ۾ڹ۲뽻
жîȻȷʲôƵģ˳ֲм
Ц̫ЦˣŷצȴҪƴһֻǿҰޣƫƫҪԼαװһֻ޺ֻαװˣھȻҪһֻԲݵ򡣡
ǧϹҲҪȲ˺õöࡣ
ʶ˱îΣԣո˷ܲ룬ΪѾ˼Ϣʩ۷ʹڸеΪеݡ
ͰˣվֻΪ˸ָҡƫƫîǸ䣬һ
ˡɱ¾ѪȵǧȻ޷һԵľ͌˵İ
Ǹ޷⡸ԡ롸ֶɡ
ҪУɱһǵ޹գҲܿЦ֮Ժ
îֻҪɱһ޹ˣܹʹһӡ
ɱÿһˣîûǹ
仰˵֮УҲûϳîԭǸࡣ
îϵŤǳף׵Ȼȫûκ
Ť˵ˣ൱ּ˵츳
Ҳͷ۵顣
îǰǿؼʦˣҲʲô˶ġ
ؼʦʩʲôأ
ȷʦʩչԣô˾ᱻɶ򷴶ƽ¡
ͬһؼʦŤ飬еѶȺΣնԶӡڴ£ʧܡȻʩ߱ɶһ
ɽȴˡ
îıȫŤˡ
ʩߺ׼֪Ҳδ⵽ɡٴî뻢ɺ̬򲢲
׼֪ȫ޷ʹʣôġ˭֪
ˡ
îϵ䡭ʩѾǰ£Ҫͨ;⿪Ŀԣʵǵ͵ס
ֻͻݶûзѡ
ǲܷȻĻΪһȥ֮󣬲ϲîҪôأ
îѰҽİ취
˵ڱʦȫû취ǸϾǾζî곹׻ҷ𡢲ֻˡ
Թ
挝еĳЦ벻мîƽͣûд
ǻݵıü䲻ͷŭ
죬ҧгݵѰְֶֺۻΪһ̸
ݣȻǱİкյЦţеϧһûкúý㣬Ȼ츳ڲ̶ȡ
֪ʲôݶͷ
ҪڲǻȣȻԼϷĴ󣨴۾ͣî򳡵ĻݹѾ̲סˡ
Ȼî԰ѻѵĸǿһ㡪ֻҪǶĲ̺͵ģҪһҸͯ뷨Ϊʦķʽ˴С޴ôһñڸǿ
ԽϵʦִСħѵԽΪƳ硣
Ȼîô
ϾǰʦвȤ
ȤîҲô
ǿİ취кܶ࣬αؽױûÿֵĺӴѹ˺ֱۡ
úҸȹͯضûУҪЩʲôôӵôǿʲô壿
îڴ磬Ųܼ̳͸ṋ̃ĸ
ݣҪᱻܵġ
îݵԴºͺͰԼҺȵĵס
Ƥ׷鲻գֱӽе˿ֻҪĲԼҺӣһܹ侲ǡ
îֻڹ۲ȷʲô֮ٶȥ
ԽîЦʵ
îĻشŷźħ۲ѸײڶȥĹ롣
--------------------
лҪ˵
ӣˣ


147 
ȱһ
ͻıֻά˶̶һ˲
ûӦ֮ʣ̴գ۾·ϲ۵Ĵ̿⣬ûаۼʹѪӶûһΡ
ԻֻãȻؿλãԴտյķ˲ֳɵ
GŤͷ˿ΧȻͬˡ
ǵ̬ȵûȲЩԼǲǲþˡ
գʣôˣְ֣
֮ΪõȫյĹϵؼĲҲ֮ʧˡ
ĨȥǴ̵îһͷһħ۹۲Żȵ״һĻشŶӵ⣺
ֻҪڿɱҵʽܹ׽ߺ㣬ǣѾȫȫӻһߺҲ֮غҪֿѾǲܵ飬Ҫֱӱɱﱾ뷨ֵĻ⺢Ҳһȥ
ԣҾѰҶֽ񻹴ڵֵ㡭ѾȫϣΪ⺢ӵʵĹϵߵʶ壬˵껹ԵĶ˿һһ˼·
ûдθڵëƤ׷ܿͽ˴𰸣
Ѿû취ֻҪʶĨȥҲͲٵ⺢ӵǻᱻռݡ
ۡһͷ°ʹΪȵĵùꡣû̫ܿı仯ϾȻͻȱںһ𣬶ۡҲʶ֡Ĵڡ
֪îʽЧ˶Է˼
򣺡Ҳ˵еġʶ塹ɱˣСӼ̳ˣ
î˵ͷ
Ȼ󲹳еʶͻ⺢ӵʶͬʱֵʱ򡪡ñȸղǰڻȾƹȨǰƤ۾͹۲粢ǽͬһֲͬʶ֣Եġ
Ƥ׷Ȼţҳ᳢ŶˣĿǰ˵ҹ۲쵽ĽѾ˳һʶ塭ȾԼܸоʲôͬ𣿡
ȣȻûףҵȷǼһˡ
Ǿ̫ˡî˿üºЩǷǷ⣬ǱǸͻȻͷ˹Ҳǰкǰ̡֪׼Ļʹﲻ䲻ЧˣǱϾǻǧָ֮ʲôұֶΡ
ûϵΪҵİȫɣȻҪһ룬۷껹Ǹɴʼǰֹ۵ЦݣĻش
ǳûʲôĵĿС
еҼҲ衣
رǶůɫ۾
î㶣ô뵽ɱЩ
ȷʵǳϲîָ䳤û취ϲ
̲ס̧ĶԷԴߴº͵ҲҺʶᶨûбؼɻĨɱϾֱӵĻ˳ףҪûͻƿڣҲû취ˡ
û𣿡ȻԾָָԼ
ȻһΧ۵ˮ
˵Ŷ
׷ǿʦ̯֣ϾԵָǻزˣǿһ־ͻԴġǳǳϡеؼܹȥڲˣҺͻҪǱһͲУȻеʶɱԲ˵ȥΪîİȫĴ֪ʣ
ڻǰʦЦһָԣǵþԵȥ⣬İ취С
ʵϡг̶ȾĻٴеĭҪҪǮ𣿡
򣺰
û뵽Ǯ⣬յģʵҪôü̳Ļȡ
ڻһǴָȥָ֣ȥȵĴһǽȵϱȥ취֤ʵȵ޺ԡ
¥Ǯϣգۡ
šô˵еָȷʵ൱ءģ˵ɢ˼άؼֵǮںеĻ˵ҲҪڰɣ
ûôֵĻ˲ͫ׵˶·ʯһϷԵĺڰ׶ɫ
Ψһүүڽȥˣޡ
ȻȵŲ٣ҲԶŵ֡
һ㣬๻ССͥˮƽʳǵѧҵĳ̶ȡ
ҡҡ׹һʧǰӰʼԼҪʲôҪòܻǮ
򡣡
îͷεĿĳֻӵƤİë꣬ºص˶Է֣ԡ
Цʼ硣
Ҳ˳߹ȥ˴ȵıǼһ￪ЦģҪǮǶͲܹҵؼİ취ءǵĵⲻ
֮Ƚȥɡîͬȣٶº͵ĶԷԴıѾ˰ɣԲԼһ𣿡
ͷͷĻȲ֪ΪʲôоȵͰ͵ġŶһ
îúӡ˵׼˵ҹ֮ȳԵ㶫ӣȻ°ɡ
үүΪ󡢴δĸĻʣֵļͥϢϮһ
ճɹ
İְ֣İ

ǰȥֳ֪ûʲôî˳ڹԢ׼һЩʳ
ǳۡ
ߵл·ӣ˼򵥵ǲ˿˿Ҳ򵥵ͼͥЩΨһ򵥵ľǳӵա
˵óԡ
ܾûԵϸĻĬĬһ룬ʳ˵ĻѾ˵ˡ
óԵİî۾ĻӹĹĵıȻ
ΪݺîձԵʣڵõɵ˳µĸĿںˡ
ҳȥ˵ƿ˾룬һ۵ˣ
ԭΪĳƺ˹ڻķչ
µƺϵ
ǵģîδҲ̫谮СˡһĻҡͷ
ʱж⣬õĻҲûô
ⲻǺܺ𣿡î鰲Ȼһڲ裬Сĵģʲôأ
ֲЩ˿¡
ȻǵȻҪСǰˡ
ô죬îĹִҲһˡ
ҪѺӹսԼϵԼΨһϵĴҳǰƤҲֻܹԹԵ
ż˰չ˵ͬʱҲɱ⵽ҳļල
Ȼ˵Ƥѽҵϲּලġ
֮ܶ
µʱ򣬸ƫСӵîһҲͼ˵ᣬ̹ȻİѻڵĴ˵
ڼ̳йǵ൱ӵ˳ΪʦĻƽյҲɱĳֱ仯ȷܹκֱƾۿˣҲ᲻ɱĿЩ
ҪİţǸ飬һ¶磬һᱻд̶ͨڻܹڱ¶ȥˣҲܹҽʶ˵ȥ
ڴѡ񡣡
îƽĵĽš
һѡͱһͨڹָȥȵĴʿڰ¹һصճС
ȵһʱ֣ĵʵָͻݻʲôͷ𣿡
򣺡ҿɲǸˣȻܵͷšȡĻݴŻеС⡣
ǮǵȻģ鷳ǻᱻعʧԻδ߲ܻɲõӰ졣
̫⣬ǻᴮͨýڵġݵҲİȻҪûȻصճȥ
Ϊ֪ʦĲпΣա
ڶѡʲôأûֱӱ뷨׷һ
ܻ˽
˵
һ֣ǽϱȥȻƲȥî֮Ĳ֣˵ڸ߲ȻǡʱĶʱըݣĻᱻд̣ȻһȡȻһ֤޺ԡ
еָܹ20ؼ޷ƻģΨһٷºաȻһ١ԣҿá¸Աһͬ١ΪȡɻȨޣרΪһʦ
ѾȫгΪʦʸˡ˳һᣬֻܹɱ䣬㲻ѧôʹû취ɱġ
ãȻգۣʦ𣿡
ԡ
ȱ˵ǿһǳ˲ĹɣҲǳߣȻҲɱҪԵîڣÿһﴦеʶͺˣ˵Զеȫأѽǿ൱˲õء
î̧֣˵ͷϡ
޵ǲõװģġ໡һ
îصĺͻ˵ʦΣԺ͸ʣԸµĲпʵ
ĸ߲ǳࡣ
ĸĵ·ΪĻȱȻδܳһʱ⵽Ӻ͵⡣
ʦҲûаȫϣȫʬĲǷǳΣյĹ
Ҳϣѡڶ·îĵ˵˼ֱҵӡ
Ǳ޹ġ
ԣîǻݣϣԷ̫ࡣ
ʦ磬ûͨġ
ǵĺ⡣
Ȼֽ޹ʵĻ˵ѡ񡭡ƺҪԥ
ȵүүڽȥˡ
ȥ֮ǰλүүΨһԡ
ǿҪȥˣܼķΧ͹ˣܾȵ˾;ȥȣãҲûϵòлҲ⣬֮ҪŬȥȸˡ*1
˵ĴӵȥҪ*2
嶯ҲãûĶΪҲա
ڣȵȷڳ˵·£ƾԼ־ѡ
ΪʦܹȺܶ˰ɣ
˵ңеָΣգҪʲôؼҲҪɣ
δ飬ֻܹ顣
عճĻԻȵԸ޷
Ϊһ뵽ΪеԵʶȥ޷ԼǺ޹ءҵĴ
ЩʲôԴЩΣյ
ǿ꣬Ϊ˰˶ѡ˺ߡ
ΨһѾȥĻȣҲûʲô֮ˡ
îԲ۾ͼٸıԷ뷨
ֻϧ顣
îֻεվ𣬽ַԼؿڴõͳ΢ƵŵȻˡôһ֮ǰһᾡܵıİȫ
˵ķǳ档
Ȼգۡ
ԭΪîʦĿɲ¼Щʱ˿̾Ȼ
Щ˾ɡ
ֻһ򵥵ĳŵҲܹ˸еġ
--------------------
лҪ˵
*1 *2 ԭүүԡ


148 
Ψһֻлɡ
î磬㲻ΪĲ̾ǸԼָΣ鷳ǧǧչ˲ôģ
İ׷ͷΣȻæʱԥóʱҲɡ
ȻŤͷʱ򣬱ȴʱǶһʮ㴵ӵ۵
򣡣һҪîΪ򵥰ΪҲ֪ѻǺӹս硭Ĵ㣡
ɣ˫ˡ
˦˦Ĳǳϲ˳۵ļһָĳ֪ϣͷϿ
ĳ֪ԩ
Ѻîһ·̨Ҳ˺
ҪǻСԼ뷨һîʦŵĵӳ׿⡣
򣺹ҿ
һϣĺϣһСǺСٶȳļɹîڶм䣬ΪѵЭš
֪ҲȻƫ
ǸɵҪ쵼ˣȻҪǡľΪδ˼
ǰ׼ѪҺҪؿǵ֮һ
黯Ժӹ⡢ҪеĴֽбî򷴵ǼᶨƵľͬʱЩ˴ȷͬʱδѪҺҲҪԽԽá
ֲչ˲
ʵ츳ܸߡ
ҾĿǰķչܹȡǱǼ侪ˡ
ðԷ뷨
СʦҪʱܳбҪش
ˣį̨̂䶨ҲʲôǴڳϸ׵ɱЩκϧ
ﰵˣԼĶ̰壬îҲԼԸȱݡ
Ȼ˱˴˼Ҳܹܹ⣬ܹܹƶƻ˳С
ҪΪʦĻʣı߲д̡
Ҳ˳µıȡɹѧ˶רΪͻͬһСʦ
ѧڶ죬רҲִ˶ǸΪҰǾޱˬŮӡ
Դˣһ꼶ˡ
СʦһɳӵͬĻݺ˲С
ڱ֮·ĴǣҲδͣЪŬĲ
ڼƻ죬жȷîĹҲ˲٣ṩ۽⣬̽鱨
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ҹҲ˽ʽîʶϱ亡ƤĹǾȻȻıøΡ
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20189·ݡ
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ΪĵĻݶΪһʦԭǶʦҲû⣬жԺ¼ǰڣƪǱ߾ûߺˡ


149 
ӳӰԺһʮ롣
ڹۿӰ;״˲ֱӣһʱ˾ߣɵפصġʱ룬۲ȷ״󣬵һʱʦԮ

ܸоСˡ
ӰԺſڡ
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Ǹ첻̫ס¡ĺˮǼˣӵǰ档

ڶ齫˳ƽ͵ȫصʱͨٻʽîڸֱϵĻҲٶȵֳִ
Ǽһڱ׷Σ̲ŭ֮۶ϵһ˲䣬ë𣬲ɻ\˵ĻܷųԼֽ񴢱еġˡ
飬վ飬Υ鱾԰顭ҲȻȻᱻ
Ⱦҡ
߽ૣŤ񻰵ͻֵ٣ʹ־ᡣ
ǻţࡪȻѾŤӣĿǰҲδȥ
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ʶԾɴڵԺĵһӦֻǡҪܾǡ
ץסһ˲Ŀ϶ʽıԼ״̬һֱ̲̬ӴӽֱߵˮѸ롣
--------------------
лҪ˵
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151 
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îȥġ޹ߵٶȼ28
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152 
îҹɫУڽĸ߲㡣
ϰƤйǴðǴ̸ոսӴ㻯Ϊһֻֻʵ棬չ߿գˮ
ðķΣյĹǴ̣ҲȻȻĽŵRakutenͨ´ơ
î¶һʵɽͰɫ⣬Լ鲼ġĺɫơ
棬Ҫֲšֱۺ㼡ࣻ󱳣ɵİɫסġӲµλãְԲ״͹ᴩʮַµĲĹ֡*1
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--------------------
лҪ˵
*1 îƣ45ἰ
*2 ڻ죬90ἰ
˳ƽȥϾãʵԭʷʫթƭOPĳѴƷʹվһ˳ƽΪʵ
ҵʱһֱΪ˳ƽר


153 
Щʹ˺ۣ᳹һϣ֮Ѫ졣
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鱨㣬ȫû취½ۡ
ʡ
îıҪڲúƿĻ
ڰеıߣѲ̡
ǸùݳЩʲô
պѵʬ屻ߣΪ˵ҪڱƣƢͲõӲεĲ֮ͫ˷籩ҾԻ̡

ȥһʱ䰲˵ν鼯ţԼרźĻ
ͽܵʬ᳡·;ȫͣſڽ֣ڲ
ûȫ̵׵ɣΪ췢һһ׼ؼϮ¼񱻾룬Ϊȱĸ߶սΨһܹٶȵִ򲻵òʱֵȫͬҲǾˣӦóʲô⡣
룬¼ҲԤı
ƫƫͻ¼ʦ˵ϡ档Ͼ٣̫࣬жֹԣʦ⧲ļӰࡣ
Ȼ˵Ѿû
ĿģֻҪ׷ѰǸ١
Ȼܹתʬ壬ǼһȻǻС
î
ͬʱٿٶֻǾԸصڽ󣬾ͱͻǿȥϢ
ҲҪ˯֪ˣңһϢģڲ̫ʺϻؼңĹԢܽ𣿡
տھͱ˲ͬĿȥîʱĿڣ˼
ߴĳܰĿٴԶ׼ƣɥβͶûʲôš
ͷ˵á
ȻŤͷڴҹѲcallˣҹ˿˹
ͷһɵıӴԺһ·׹Ů÷ţüȻĿڣ
ãǲҹߣĵɰصΪ㲦ͨ˵绰ûʲôܹͲأ

îվſڣִŰ΢΢סĺ󣬰κκ͡

רĲĻΣлѧĶǶγ̷Χڡ
רĿγ̱ܿգ඼ʵսѵҪڿϿεĿĿʦʵԵļܡ
ñʶʡĲã編棬ʷ¼еı漰ӦԴʩԼķӡͶ⹫Ļ󷨵ȡ
ڿǸල
Ҳ͵˿ý̵ķӡͽЩ͡
úԤϰĻͰѿαˣרĿαѾѧʲôƽ˯ǰģҹż
һЩϵѾΪ֪֪ʶ
һЩôĴС󷨣΢Ϳѻݲ̫֪˭дһġ
ⱾżǺͷӡص飬˸ָķӡġ
˵
ְϺҲġ
ݺȻ
ɫƱ鲼ǰͺ󱳡ǸʮַµĲĹ֣ƺҲĵһ֡
ʲô˼أ
ţŬЩֵģʼķ


154 
Щʲôӵģ
ݴӴһ֧Ǧʣ΢˼ֽдһӡеġ֡
îû·ڵĺ󲱾ͷ֡
СʱҲڵĲ辭곤һĻ׽Բأڼĸ䵽أîֺ񳤵İɫҲĳΪϷʱĲ֮
Դ迪˲îͷµÿ׽ԲʱιСѶܾ׼îͷҵһֻŲŵġС
֪λþԻᱻһʱѰԻһ׽ɻȿֺȥλá
ֱǳߡҲزȥҲϲ׽ԲΪֹ
ССһֻȴΪĻݣҲŶعööΡ
ڸ׳ĹβϣڶԷͷȻȻҲȻȻĿԷ󲱾¶ġ
һ࣬Ȼġ
ҲֻǼס˺󲱾û·ڵһֶѡ
ǺƯصġ
ƺκһ֪֣ͨ־ԲǺûͿѻ
îҲ֪Щĵľ庬壬ֻ߹ѯʵСͣ˵ĸ֪Ķ*1
ϰȫİ·Ժ׼֪ӡ
Ƿӡ
ѾǸСʦһ麣㲻֪ͣʶʶĻݿдҽĺͷӡصĹżʶнǶ˼ԡ
κҡҡͷ
Ĳڷӡⷽ棬硢ơħȼк󷨶õġ漰ķΧʵ̫㣬ܾ׵ĵóۡ
οîϵ·ʵ̫Ϸӡ󷨵ģʽ
ձķӡ漰֣ȫߵϵΪɣִͳҵĴĶ͸ˡ
⣬ӡͼҲ޹ɵɢһյͼνβԲεƷֲ
îϵ·ȫΥԡ
󱳴ʮַİδš
ǰͼְͼڽֵ´ǶҲȫͷճϹϵ
ȫǷӡ
ǷӡĻʲôأ
벻ͨ
һֱо취ѧ⼸·˽ԭת䡢ԼеûŹȻС
˵֪µĶ
ǸîֳɫˣͬʱîޱȾĽŮµĶʲôⲻõ

׼֪λǳŮԡ
īһˮһ˳ĳʯԲ԰׵Ƥ
îɵĳϸָԼҺӵîգÿﶼظ
îÿһֵףĽա
îÿξɥѹõ֪ӷůӵ밲
ܺӳԶӵԶ䳨Զ޾Է˼
îչ˺ӡӪͥǴ֪ӷѧġ
ĺ׼֪ļУѾ߾ȫĸԼǸò翸εһһû䣬һԺú÷Ϣĸ塣
îУĸ׾ͬҹ
֪ӲŻîê㡣
˿ȸһĸһѣîĵĻ֡
ֻҪ֪ڣ׼î²ҲᱻȾ
֮ôŨڱʧȥ˴˵ʱŻʹࡣ
ҹǻΪʧزһ׼֪ӴҲˡ
ǡû֮˱Ť顣
׼֪ӾΪʲôݲ֪
ԸƲ⣺̵֪ʦҳģ²ʦҲһЩص鼮
ǰîµ֣һֲףֻ߲ʲôѶϢ
ֻߣǱʲô񡸻֪߱ʶ
ΣЩֶ֪أǸȥʩء
Ҫ֪Щİĵĺ塣
о½취ȴûаչĻô뵽
̫Ҫһͻƿˡ

дµֱ
Ҳû
𣿲С㻭Ķ
ûîǱɫסͼ绰ѯʡ
ޱ飬ͻ𣬡ҲŲðְֵ鿪Ц
ҲأˣǲŵЦģ֪ˣһȥģ˵𣿡
ֹֻҾͼǵݻش𣺡ǵûһ㡭Ҵȥ
šҲһİɣ
һڻݿĵط¶˻۵Цݡ
á
׷ʦɴһ֣åԣǹȥî·ɣ
ݣ
ݲ֪еʲôһ١
֣
֪˸ʲô
î֪
ԶîֻͻȻ˸ЩͷԵ¶ɻ顣

˼졣
˵Żݣؾһ´׷ĳܡ
ͼ˼µ򱻷ѧؼҵĲһϡ
ʱŻˡ
ѻ͸Ĵ˳ӶԼС嵲Լһͷˮĵǰһ׵ģ
ְֿ϶²ȥ֣
Ϳ𣡣飺أأأ
ڸո˲Ѿ׻ҷˡ
ޱǴ𣺡̬
˲ͰŤͷԮ
ͬޱĶ
ǰʱèǰ͵Ʒסǰ͵ϣǰȹӡ͵ȹǸ˲Ҳ̶áֱӵ⻭棬ݾͲһ顣*2
Ϊ̫Ը룬ͶԸרҹ⣩ǰ˵ġޡʧȥڴ
ԡ
ݲ:̬
ŵİڳģʱ˽䡣
îٶ۵գۣô£

ֻҪ֪Һ󱳵ģĻֱ˵Ϳ˰
Եɵîεº˵
Ȼ룬¶ɣĳ׷ʦֹӦþֻҪѡ
򣺡١
ĵʣûϵ𣿡
îְԼɵĳɸβȻ󽫷β£ǰʻʱ㶣˼á
ͳɤºĿڣȻѾжˣںܶѾû취ֹǣǲɣοʵҲĵĺ壬֪Ҳ벻ܾǵɡ
ҪҶĵĲĻǴŲʲôõĻԼԼԤС
îԼѵ¶Լĺ󱳡
ʮַӡµģᴩ֡
ĺɫ
Ѫӡȥһ
Щκһҵ֣忴һŤҵĹ۸С
ˣ˸оʡ
ġۡԼܹ̺Ķî
îԸȥ۲죬ġħۡҲܹԼɫȻ֮ͬߡ
˵ҪĻʵ൱򵥵顣
ֻîԸôѡ
ʲôܹ֪Ķ
ôףǷӡǳͷîᱣΪԼһ֡

˵˳һҵʰɣ
ͻݷظרǰƺʲôȻָָԼ˵Ҫ֪̽صĶԴѰͻƿڵĻҵҲһֲοʹҵʣʵ֪һģһ
׼֪ӺͲ趼ǿһӴȴ޷ʹõġĸ塹
ĸ塹ʲôģֻһЩָ߸ϵļһΪϵļֵǩˡ
ܹͻƣؼʦ֪ӡŲʲô򵥵ġĸ塹µȷܹ¸ǿĺҲȫֵ
ǷʲôһǴķһ
ǶԹʩӸǵļ
ǡиδ
İġ
֪ӺͲʡ
߶ţȻͷŲ裬˵ͷ
2018Ѯ
æŸɺ鼯ŵ֮ʣҪѲϢͬһʱ䵣ָʦְλ
ȫΪУᡣ
˵Ƕר;רѧһһȵľ
Ȿɶ꼶ѧһ꼶ѧûйϵ
Ϊҹ̫ؼʦиɵҪҪ˳һ»û꼶߲ӵǰҲΪɣѧΪʱǱ˰й˶ߵĲԱ˿ȱ
һ꼶ѧͱϳˡ
šŲͰ£
òӼֻڼⷭʲôȻòͷŵ绰˵
ص˫У䣿仹ŪҪǸ豸Ǳ߻ҽӸ𡭡ţʲôѽֻǸͨͨĴʦͰȫԱѣʱֱӴ볡ͺ
սʱųȼ¾û˰ɣԼսʱĸǩӦݰţǸҲǸҪμӣһȥš
һáطƣǽﱻקıĹ顣
涼Щ־ִ˵ĵֺ糣ʶͻ©ٳĹ£ȫ֪Ϊʲôϵ
벻ͷĶһߣһȻȴڿٷҳĹȻסȻٵİֻҶϣһط
ͣĳһҳ
ڷֲƵֽ棬źîаƵġ֡
עȻ۾
--------------------
лҪ˵
*1 45ἰ
*2 ɢС糡顣
Ĳǻîûвõô


155 
רѵ
ἴʢŮΪʤѵûʱڿʼŬʵ
˳ƽѵ
ΪǰŸոѧĲȥһֱǸͨ˵ļҰ˳ƽսսʶġ
ҲãˮƽԺԲơЩǰ¶ʱܹٳɵġ
˳ƽǸʽʹ
սԶսչķǳȫʽʹ൱ټʽʹڽս϶ڶ̰塪댝ֶ̰壬統[ʽʹ͹]ѾΪ˻ʶ
ﶼġ
ͬһŲ츳ʦȺ嵱Уʽʹ𲽵ߺܶࡣ
Ͼǵʽ;нϸˮƽ
ˣ˳ƽܺ͸һʱ߲ҲƾʽڶʱӵһԱ
ֻҪԼʽг˽⣬ѧӦʹͺá
ǿӵĵط
˳ƽôѵĿǰĽȻ㲻
Ϣһ°ɡ
ݿŌѾͬ飬ô
Ѿûش˳ƽʱڵϣ壬ĵͷȻڵĴ
һֱ˳ƽʽˣתȮҲΣյҰޱ˺ļ󹷡Ȯֵߵߵ˵Ҫ佱ȮǸµתһȦһƿðĿȪˮߵ˳ƽϡ
Ȯþ޴צצ˳ƽ
ҵ𣿡

ȮѿȪˮڌߣҡβͻĽһȻתȥݵһƿ
˳ƽһˮƽžС˵ÿμССףĺô
Ͼʽ񣬺һĶﲻһĵӦҲһˮƽݻشҲԺʽཻӴԼͬ㹻У⌝Ϊʽʹ˵ҲҪ
˳ƽļƽһֱųû?
ֻҪ𣬲Ҳʧؾû⡭ҵĻѾϰˡ
º͵ֻԴݵ˵е㱻߻ˣ̫ʱ䲻ĻͻСƢ
˵ӰʽѨͰ͵ôغǵСˣ֮󻹻ѹŻݣһӵһ߿ߡ
ֻȮȫѹĸоɲ̫ɡ
ѵϢʱΣݺ˳ƽһʽʹĵãȻһߵһߵѵڱصĽΧϣͻǵѵ
Թ˵սҲһ־Ļ۷ʽ
⧲ͽĵҷӡ
ѽഺΪ˹ھŬʦ̫жˣоһƣͶϴ̸ɾˣ
ø˵ĻȴͳֻվͷĴһͷĺʷɶʦĿġ
ֻվˣɶĻߴߴ˵л
ҰǾޱô㱻è˦ɵʱó󰡣
ҵš
ҰǾޱŴӣ޲ֱֻëʦԿǡ
ȻȫԱһΪ˱һ鹥Ļӡ
ǣֻˣˣתʱûǱɹ
ڱߵʱ򣬰׷ʦĵĻ֣ƺǱߣǱ˼еһ
Լ鲻õ൱ˣָԼȴը˵ļӸСҰǾޱޱ顣
èܽĺþ٣
ϣǻ쵰صعˣİ
ݿһǴʦǰͬ룬뿪ķ׷˹ȥ
ûԶ˻ݺ׾ˌ
ʦ
ţݰʲô𣿡
ݿ˿ΧȻǰ΢΢ͷˡ
ԥһᣬûʲôֻҪһ¹ĵĵҴһżҶˣûҵ𰸣Ǳأ
ͷɤšһ
ȻڻݵĿ̵ﱩ¶ǵġðɣȷʵѾһˡ
𣿡Ư۾Ȼ
ţֻһ㡣
ֱ̧ȻšǿҵǱȻмأݺĳɷ̫ˡҿ϶ЩµĶҲǴģǸߴǸӣɼͺ˵˵
㶣Ȼ
ֲԤС
ʦô˵˼ǡ
Ǳ飬дʲô
ʲô顣
Цݣ̧֣ĺڷңȻ΢΢˵
ԼһЩ롭ǿһ£ʲôĲ룬෴ܹ֤ʵĻӦòʲô¡
˵ţָסһθӣҪ֤ʵĻҪȷһ£ԣݣʱٸ𸴰ɣһġţǱ飿Ǹ־С˵ѣ99%ĳʶ󣬱飬ſɿʦɣ

ҵǱߣκһʦֻǸ쿪־С˵ҡ
ΪصĶЩûݵĹ̸¡
ͺ͡Ļӡֽҵĸ롰ʮ ݡֶд˵Ͳࡣ
ɾһ飬ȴîġ
дۡ
[Ǳ֮ͽɱŮԹ֮սۻ۵ס]

Ȿ¶ȷ˹ԿԵѧӹۼ
Ψصƪߵĵһ˳ƿʼġ
[ʬ壬ϴӶĴׯɱŮ٣Щϲ˵ͷ­ϲûԵոǿ˭Ҳκβǡ]
[ϵˣǶͽеĶͽҲǷĶͽǲǹ̫ɣҲΡΡ˵ǣȻ͹ˡ]
[һʣҲ֪д־ע⣬Ǳֲ·ߵҾˡ]
[ҲȣȵĻľˣֻűʲôȻҿϵģЩ֣߰ʲô˼ֻŤֿɲɭɭġ]
[ʼûʲôֱڤ˼ãȻһ]
[ʢƽʱϣعЩ֣ⲻ˼֣ԵԹİڻϵģȻǺͽͬȳ̶ȵ䣬ԹȻףһǵһμĶ]
[ǲɱһŮˡմȾѪ
˵ɱܶŮˣմȾÿ˵ѪһҺ̣ʱûаһֱڶң֮ϾͳаĶƽŮӰӡ]
[룬һλŮ
дţŮȻƽտͨһűʦµֻ޷ʹöѣɲҪǣǵһֱ޷ʹãҵͻƵķӣû䲻˵
ϾͼôһŮµɱʦ˵һңĳϣӡԵŤ岻ġ
ʦʵʩʱմȾŮѪ
˭ⲻ䣬еĴҲУڵУλʦĳͻȻˣ״͵λŮһ]
[ɱ޹Ůı֮ͽĶ񱨣ۻҲӦõġ]
[ҾȲֻװģļ¼ĵģҪʽͷĵˡ
ҰҼ¼ĺϼ¼Čһ飬һ
һˣȻȻ˵λ˵˵ϵľ˵̵ѪŮµѪͻܱȥ]
[Щǵ֣ϧ張˲ң˵Һ죬˵Щдûǹ
ǻôд˵֣
ֻü¼ҵĺˣЩ֮ͽԶЩ]

îϵģĲȫһ
кܴĲֻͬаغϵĵط
ܸɴĽдƹµ˹ƨ
˭˵ľǱͳޣ
ǿ֪ӷĶ
򶥶ǸлⱾ֪ĵԴŮһڡ
ģǸ־ҺͰʦԣм䶼Ÿ˼Ҳ©ٳ¶ѧʶûʸ
ԣܡ
ĵڶУܡ
ЩɱŮѪ¡
ϣҲǼٵġ
һǼٵģϾֻһƫȫѡ
îǷԸӦĿԣԵİĹºĵԤ֮ԺȻⱾ־С˵֣ȥᵽλƽд鼮
Ҫ˽ĸȫһ㡣
߲ϷԼƲµĿԣҲ֪㲻Ǻ¡
ĲҾúݣҲ̫ɱˡ
ֻǡ
ԼƲĻî᲻һأ
˵Ǹͷļһӵʹࣿ
û֤ʵ֮ǰ²⻹ֻǲ²ѡ
ĺۣȫպáǱ˵˵İ飬صʵʵġ
ΨⱾܸî
ȻͳŶԼѧ桢ȥˡ

ܲĸ״ˡ
ҡ
Ƥ׷СĽĹƷλǰôС˵
֪ӵλ̬ǹͷ
ºƣҲ̵Ѫһ


156 
ͷī
ǺڵϴһҹȣһѻëżС
ﻹһźɫëôţֿ־׼ûһᣬɵëͱ״
ҹΧһżһëĶЩԼġ
ϰëձֲʵĲϣ棬޻
ʵΪ亡ʹҹ˵ʲô϶亡Ͼͳ亡صڡġ͡ж򡱣ڵʽֻ壬亡ǿҪǺءȻܺһЩȻЧѡ
Ϊʲôѡżģ˼۸ˡϼ򵥡޸׵ȸֳԼ۱ȿǵĲ⣬ŻиȤڡ
ϲżô
ʵ˵ҹպܺá
亡δ֮ǰͨż𲻴󣬲ʤϾҪʹõģƤʵЩƤʵһãΨһЩģǹСľ߸ɫķ
ҹÿ亡ϲһЩʽĹŹ
Ҳ˵ɰǲ̫ڻҪݣȻռϷ硣
ȻҲһȽϳ亡硣
˵ҹ߽亡èͱ֮ʶʦΪҹ۷塭Ȼֻͨèӡ
èȶȣҹػһȺèԴ˾ۡ
Թ
ҹ亡Ӧʮ׸ߵĶǡ
òʲôҪ𣿱ϾڸרߣСһƣֻܸŪôߵġô
ҹһֻƤëͷſֻɫСǡֻͨͨӵĲԴ
ĹһᣬŤͷԵһСֻʵ
îĹǾ
ΪΪĻʱݲ鼯Ŷϣ֮ǸȷԼļԻԼѧУ֣ȥĵîͰ˱ʶԼҿҹϣԷԼĹǾһ亡ǣڸרѲߵȨ
ΪîרİԸ޽
ûҪˣϾî˸߲ıжܵ鶼ܹӴרֵܷһᡣ
ҹ˼ףȷîͼʹֻ亡ڰһλ¼豸󣬱㿪ʼˡ
[ֻҪܹжͿˣҶòûʲôҪ]îöŻش
ǾɷӰɣˣҹȻһ£ùǾγɴôߵĹǼܣڰɵĲλƵϡ
[鷳ˣҹ]
߲ǡҹ귢ĵĳϿһشǸæţԸҵĹɺܶࡣ
ҹƶ϶ܶࡣ
Ͼܸҳˣ
ҹϸϸڲʮ׵ĹǼϽԼ亡ȥ
ΪǾûϢֻҪͲõĻᴥѧУľڴ˻ϣҹ껹һ亡ķڹǼܴΪֹǾͿڸרڻͨ衣
⣬Ǿһ̶úսҲîڲñ»ʹõ
½½ŪһСʱĳɹǡһֻѩ֣
ȫǰë֫֫ϵצӹǺèƶһÿʱģʽǾĹצʱ𵯳ܷùצʱĺɫǳ
Ժһ˫վͷһڵQĺɫСǣëëкʵĿڴ
ȻҪǿһ£ǵƤëķǳɡ
ƤëڷǵʵʴСࡣվţһë
ڴضܷ㣬ܲණģңڲƤﴦҲĹͷ塣ҹ˵Լ
îٿŶ˶צӵһ˲ȻצӵĲλһֹץסѸĻӶһî˻
ǣһֻɲһ׸߳źɫСǵëѩĶҹǷǷ˸л
רﰴ˵ǿüʦһϣȽ⣬۾Ϳ飬Ȼ亡ǣźܿͻʧȥɼЧȻһӦòᱻ⣬һϣû۾ʱ򣬻ע⡣
һԺɫСǵѩֵ˵ͷ
ϾʵƷᱻͬʧȥɼЧ
˵·ͨУҲ֡·Ʈ
ΪЩһʧȥ˿ɼԡ
ëǵĹǾû취ȥӴͨˡ
ȴȫԱӵпɼĻжˡ
亡èǵһСѩֵˡ
ݷԼһڵĴߵèոŽͿҹһŤͷСѩ֡
èͷСѩҲͷ
ȻһŰɫëòǷǷ˸к
è
è¶źһ顣
һֻè৵İŹϣ˹յҹ߽ŵСʵǺӸøøòǡ㲻Ǳֹ͵亡ҪصǸطа⺢ӴרȻ󱻷ֵĻ
亡èʶͬʱвı亡
Ǳֹ߲ġ
Ϊҹ꣬һ֧һظľӵΣԡ*1
ΪţζԸ˵亡ҹͱСɵĸ߲뷽跨ҽڴ˰ɡ
Ϊҹ߽ҲΨһ⹫亡èȻᵣҹ밲Σ
ǵģһ
ҹ꿴Ϊӵèҡҡͷ˼һ˵λĻϵĿû취ظȻȴȥȷʶ
ģɵ˵ţҹ갲Υ棬İɣǡҸר׼Ѳ߰Աỹ֮󣬶λȫ䱸
èŻ˿
Сѩ֣ҿȻ͸ǣ⺢Ҳʶɣҵĵܵãʲô֣
ûûС
ҹһ۱Լ仹Сѩ֣˵Ҫ
è

ѩģ亡Ŀǰû֣Ҳ˵֮ҹҪƺΪ
èŻûԼȸߵС亡ܾúΥֱֻ͡亡ȷΪΥ͸вźЩ
ȻܹͣǸרڶʶġ亡
è൱飬ȥԼĻǼ棬ʵ̫졣
ڸרΧѲߣһѩ׵ëﱾøۣʵһѧǸشΣСʦǶһĿһΡ
סԷèֻܺźķֻżʹᵽֻ亡
ûʶĻ뻢ֻţʹһ齫Ѱֻ˵ƶٶر亡˶ѵĿꡣ
ҹǵ֪µȫ
˶٣²רץ亡Ȼɹë׵ġĺ󲱾ͶԷԲĺӶӡ
۵һɹЦĻڶ
ǡǼһεȻ⵽λ
һЦһ亡һ飬رצӡò˵ë׵ָĳãƤëкîͷе
ɫƶî˵ĸо
ҹس⡣
׷ʦĲһ飬¶һڰ亡ڻ¶˶Ȥζ飺
ãȥѧǵѵɣѵ˿˳ʦǰ壬ȻҪȥҲ뿴ǵѵɣţ֪ģ
򣺳СݻȻٸ߻࣡
ƤĻݱһǳ˼
ĵ׳ҺҵֻѾ׼ˣ
֪Էֿʼµî
ͣѲ߰ŵİʮ˼º͵ĿǰСᣬɫΡ
--------------------
лҪ˵
*1 ҹ亡趨147


157 
亡ѧǺΧۡ
Ͼʹè֪ʶĸר³ԱȴǵһμԷ
ɰɫƤëСѩƢܺá
˻ҡͷͬʱë׵˫ǰҡΣԴòᶨľܾŮӵر⣬ô󶼿ԡ
Ϊʲôұ
۲ԷëƤëĶҰǾƵƵ׽ʧܣűݻ͹ԹԴŲ亡ĵĿ飺ɶʽʹô׵ĵС
èͷôҵǶԻûʲôر׽ΪҶҪͬ顣
Ҳûаɣù԰
ȥӣȫԹԱС亡ʱϲЦտ
Ȼ󡭡亡һѾٸ߸׸߸߻תȦȦĴ
Ŷ亡ƺ˴ûֻεš
ҰǾޱ۾һĻܴ
ɰͰ͵һǸոձûõİɣɶСӹȻ׽Ů
Ȼ˵ҰοĻҰǾޱȴۿɼή
ͬǳɥ
ͺ͵оıСȴ׽һöܴһ
С亡ŤͷǳյĿɫ̷Ů
ȻűƤëǵֻһԺ¶ʲôҲ
ͷ룬צĻȣöԷԼȻСС亡ȻʧԭأڴΪӷ뿪ûãֻˡ
һ׸ߡһԺɫСǵë亡̧ú첣۾ٸצӣвèƵĳҰǾޱС
ҰǾޱ
亡ĴԼİë²ŵĿڴͳһһͨͨҰȻҰǾޱ
Ů㶵ĵͷԼ˫ŶҪҰһƯС
Ȼ亡˳ưԴ
ݮ
չǷĴҰǾޱһԼġ
򡪡ҰǾޱ˲ըˡ
϶еġ
ǷĻ쵰ЦĶ㿪ѧȭͷܵ亡󣬶£ץŶԷһֻצӶҰǾޱ˻ΣҪͶ϶ǴҶзݵ
ҹ˵öԣƤëǺܺõ۷î亡ϲһѹӣ
ֱİ̽亡ë׵ĶƤһѽһѴӴӶƤĿڴͳһѹÿһݵݮű¶亡ڴĴ
̶ֳȡ
˳ĬĿ亡߶ѳСɽݮֿ˿СС͡
⵽ôװȥģ
亡ԹԵվš
ȻҪҰǾޱɹӰοΪһȺСӵϸףˮҪƽѾΪıˡ
˵ķݵҲû©黹ǶյһƯС
յĶʱԾԾԵҪץסȻ亡ٶݵĶ㿪ˣޱȼᶨľܾԼǸľϹ
Ȥζ䵱Ų㱧ֻΪܱŮӱѣٸ߸ûŶ
ԸֱˬƢĿȥҲ졣
²ĿֻС亡ô˵ʶʳˣΪʲôŮӲа
ЦΪһλܽǵ

ĬĬ亡ɿɰССһֻôϡ֡
ңⲻǲǰűҹУ亡
վԭأֻԼ򣬻ֵġ̾˿
ջӵĺ˼G
û취˵îĺӡ
¹ǾֱӴݴîֳһ֣ʶҰ
ˣîζû취ԼĹǾڷǽҲɱ״±һŮرڻ
ǲ֪亡ı壬ΪԷɰҹĸյ趨ʦǱ֤޺ԣ̲סҪҲ޷⡣
һ£ΪԵԼ֪ǰ»̹Ȼһ¡
ڻ͡ĸ׽̵ĺܺõî˵ǷǳʧҲŮԵ顣
ܺõîû취ô
亡һֱĴӣԴëë˦ķ𣬻Ŭ֣УĲУ
ö֮ͷˣϾǿҲá
ҲԹץεϣȻʲô˵è˵ǸڸרѲߵķ亡ɣΪʲôͻȻҪרŪһ亡Ϊȥٹҹе¼֮ǰᵽǸʲôƺ˻ȵؼ鼯ţ
򣺡šЩԭŶаɣǿǷǳĵѧУúñѧҲȻ飡
ʦСС;ҪսΪȷ˲ǲġ
ûϰΪȷĵڡ
Ϊ˱ĺӣܵĻʦ滷ǲôŬ
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ʦĳƫ⣬һԭ󻷾µڲȺ
ˣҲã֦Ҷï
ȷ
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亡кûƻͿ޸ơⱾһ󼫺õͻơ
ʦ涼ã亡ˡ
ҹΪԼĺӣ˵ʶꡢȫӵͬ亡ᱻ͸ĸ߲Ϊõԥľܾ˸߲Ҫ˵ʽ
߲˾ͻҹͼԷΣԣֹ
ֺñȾϣȺӡ֮ܶʤ
ڲȺҲʦ滷ӵҪԭ
Ǵı¡
ʦҪӴֿɼǰʼ
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ȻΪڲʵû취ж
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èҽ֚GʶĻ᲻ȡֵġ
ݿűȲ亡ϤɫɵƤëļӸͶֻ亡øжȺܸߣʱèĻʱ΢΢㶣Ťͷһְۣ߷Ż˱ȵrua亡
ɵëruaҵ亡ɷǳƢƵĵ۾ǳԵ͸¶Ϥĳݡ
֮ǰͬڻrua˺һĻͻȻԤС
͵ضס򣺡ﲻ̫ԡ
ȻĿˣûȷʵóƺأϾλƺҪദһʱӣɴɡ
ȣʲôʲô
򣺡֮Ǿͽîˡ
ݵı黺ˣҲӲ
ϣîΪʲô˵ΪʲôҪһյûõ亡
ЦΪôзӦ֮ˣҿǺŶǸԲļһ
Ȼrua亡գۣϸϸһ亡ģɫˢڳһֶֻĴֳָģniceƷζ
ûвµ亡ݵĻȣøî
ݣ
ݽӽӲк֪Ļ񣬸˽ԼҰְֵдһ˿ȻͷԷ籩Լǰ亡ֵС¶һ
װͰ͵ĵһֻ
ݣƤĻ쵰ģ֪ģҪֻɵ
ȡ
ݰִ˻ʼͷһսǳѹɤ֮ס֣òһѡîˣӣëʦҲǣ
ȱĳ˿ãȻŤͷŻݡ
ݲİ亡ڻ
Ȼͷһۣ亡һᣬţڷ۵˶Ųˡ
ǰ֡
ǱӦû⡣
˭ܾܾһminiîְֱĻᣡ
ݣҲܡ
Դ֪îųһֱǾ亡ʱʱ̿ڸרж󣬻ƽжͱø
ҷǳϲϢʱĬĬë׵亡
ݣΪʱԶҶʱʱð񱽹ǸУڴʱ˿̵õЧֶΡ
ǡ
ڽʽʼǰîʵʱٿصĹǾ˳ĻѧĶ鵱СճѲ֮ʣʼϰ亡װָǹСʳͶιÿһѧ
ϲͬѵÿѧѵɹͻƺ亡οһףСͷ
ȷʵ
ԭýֵĲ֪ѧСӶԴճУĬķĸ̾
ͷһ쿿׶ˡ

ʱһȥῪĻڵˡ


158 
һսŶ
õǻ־ʤƶȣУѧ޵ʱ볡ѰѧУǰڵ飬ͨɱͬȼܷ֡
ڱʱ߷ֵһڱȫΨһһֻ顢ǰһŶʤ
[͡]
ߵѧǸŴʦ볡ǰȥվȺîģСѵһʱ䡢ҲʦԴî亡ĶƤڴͣһС
д֣îǸŰɫëëźɫצӸ߸߾ٹͷ
Ȼîصߵ˳ƽǰС˸ҳٶȾٸߡ
[ѵֺܺãҪš]
ַһҳ[ȫԸϰɡ]
Ȼַһҳ᱾ûˣֻһQ˳ƽˮĸʽ¡
˳ƽ㶡
δܵºʦĹעѹӰ˳ƽһ󴥶վֱվõǣһŬģ
îºοĵͷ
̧һֻצӹƵĶԷȣȻߵһߣڰ֣Ŀȥ
һֻϸͺȥμشһ
ȻΪֻϸʵ̫Сֻ̫ɰëףԸٳȣ̲סһ[èڿңҲϰ]顣
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ʱʱ̶̿ϰѹͲԼ뷨ͼܣҪԹı˽亡ʦϯͺƤ
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亡ĳèһҸĶŮӸҴȥʦϯʵʱתԿҵı״ร
Сʦ붶˶ۣеġ
ޱ飬ŤͷװͰ͵Ķ򲻰ֵСµӰӿ
Ϊ򣺵ھʮŴο佱ҹʦƣμӸ̫ǿˣرëë
챻ͺƤîĬš
޿κεֻ̧źצӣΰĳСʵĴ˵ϣܾ֡
îסֻ֣һǾ亡ƤҲֻǹǾƽʱ߲ҲһֻǾ
򣺲ûëëĹͷӺܲлܿˣӸмǿ亡îĴͣ
îһצ˶ԷͷϣȻҡͷȲ档
ȻȷҪǵıîȻܸȥʦϯ
Ͼﲻֹҹ꣬оУУʦԼһӶʦ
Ϥ̫࣬ǾУУıɳԱ
Լϱʶķ亡Ȼ˵Ƿͣʶ㻹Ǻܿɡ
˾Ѿɻɺдîע⾡ܲҹ鷳
ǲֱȽϺá
ңѲûء
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רռܴ
Ĳ֣ܱߵɽҲڸרĵ̡
Ȼʲôûеɽ־Ͳ̫⣬ֻҪŸɢҪıƶѲ·߾ͺˡ
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ԼѧУڲλÿ춼䶯ġͨߴԼﴢصļɿŵ罨Ⱥ
ҪĴžֻЩ
ȻЩֲıȽɢîѲ·߲ɱúܳ
ΪٶȺܿ졢̬ҲǳɫҪϢԵʣһٿѲ߸ʮΡ
Ѳ𣿡
·;îżҲרפصʦ
îкĶʦǰҵûøרˡƺˣ⼸һֱڸרפءҲͬϢ
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ԸõģЦϲ
èЦݲõСܹſë׷亡ڴĴҿԱ𣿡
îͷСһ
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һ룬èȻССһֻ亡Ʒɡ
亡ԭŵıӣҲ䵽˵ϣȻ˲ͱһ۵ΣյĻջˡ
һִͬģǰδеĿϢ
ţ㿪ˣ
֮оʱ˿ǵɤ
亡ֻȻֵߣһ
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ۣڵһɫߵë·
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Ϣî֮ǰǸˡ黹Ҫӿ¡
ֻǶʦֻԸһèŖѾסˡ
ס٣֫
־Σǿ񣬽һŤͷ
[ܡ]
亡ûʱ䣬ǻèźд֣ȻͰȫ׵˸ר罨Ⱥڲ
λɵĶʦԼˣ뱻׷ɣȻܵһʧȥж
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亡ȫֵסֻɲߣΪʵԶԸһèŖȡԮʱ䡣
ȻֻɽͷʵʵھˣʽƻҲ
սʱǾΪܶԷʽõȻƿԸֻ飬Ǿʵʵ֧Ų˶ˡ
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ιıأ
亡ȫƻ˲䣬îֹֻĻɽͷôɤʵ
Ŀҡ

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ͬʱǱߡ
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ûǾ
ֻԤеͳֻյîĶš
ͷһۣ֪Ǳ߳ºĵðһ²⡣

ѧߵ[]ΪǱߵ
˵ǡǡ෴أ
ıǶı
һ˼ţλڸ߿յȻʧ
κî䵽Ľڡ
îƣ˵ͷжİš
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ѾȷϳֵǸʵµĻɽͷ䡭î⣬ûܹ
ǱߵĹǾҲѾ˳۲쵽ֻؼ飺һֻ˫Ŀ֦ɭؼ䣬һֻһûؼ䡣
ֻؼ֣ĿĲ
⻹δųбδ۲⵽ͬĿԡ
ָΣ£һ߰һȫȻжϡ
һʱȥı[]ֵîߡǰ磬Чʵѡ


159 ׽
鼯һжĿģ
һǻոרɿռָ
\ͨ߷ָרɿղصָδº󣬽ƻʱľ
Ȼеʶܹî֮⸱Ʋ̫ˡ
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Ͼһûнʶ鹫ȥҲζţǻûһͨ롢רɿдָɾ
ȥѾµָлʮָ
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Ψһܹɱʶĺ׼î߿סٽʣµʮָиʮ꣬Ķʮָк˵겿֡
಻ͬʧȥķ֮һ겢Ǳ̫Ӱ졪ȻҲὫԼֳɶʮôࡣ
˵
Ҫں׼îбʣµƬȵ׼îһвʧٽ⸱Ƹ
ȻԲ֪ʶɱ鼯˵\õĽڡ
Ի̫ǿרһָͶιӦѹסеʶΨһȫ¸Ϊɣ˵顣
ǵһĿġ
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ڣ\Ѿû֮ʶˡ
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ҪȻȥ̼׼î
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\һ仰©ס׼îӵкµʵ⿪ȫߵĻҪӿ¡
Ще©۾Ĭκֿǣ¶ڵݺȸԾЦݡ
ȺؼļƻĿģֻѼеָ׸֮Уȡĵλˡ
ϲŭ޳ˬʱҲһɱҲûϵ
ҲһӣȻû⣬ɱˡˣǶûʲôȤΪóִụֻ̂Ҫһʵ㹻ˡ
ЩؼǻҪȡĵλȨ磬ΪˣһȺҪĿֲǲɻȱġ
仰˵ֻҪкһǿҶ飬ô˭ûϵ
©𡭡˵ʵô׼îȷֵŬȡļֵ
\䣺ǺΣյжרֻڣ׼îҲȻ·ٶȵִǵкܻܿ˭Ϊ֮ú˼ǷܹĴ۰ɡ
©ԥĽӹؼﰢĦޣ˾򣺡ν֮ڻҰ֮дЦĲһҪңֻҪܹȡĵλˡ*1
Ҫܹϡ
ΪȫûҲν
©ʣңҪôǰ

ר
ļɿλڸרڲｨܶ࣬š
ܵԪã罨Ⱥÿÿͨķ䶼һֻ۷
\ṩһصؼרգ渽ɵķӡ˱ܹ׵ĸ֪λáֱӴҵΨһһͨɿ·
[ɭǱֻڣһʱȥɿڵλ⣬׼îıº󲻺ý
ۺϿǣʮа˾ȥߡ׼îǰɭֽʲҾԮѧ
ؼ˵в̫ΪΨһܹûԥʱ䣬ԱȻ˫Ĵͱ˴˵ž]
[ԣ©㸺Ǳ춯ңһڻȥɿȡˣһĻĹΣյģֱܻܿҪ˵ļǺˣȡʱʹð취Юʡֻܱտ־ͱֱĨɱĽ֡
ȻˣҲܱ֤ܹҪǰþԼӦ䡣]
[ȥѰұݣֻҪ㹥˺׼îӣôͱȻǸһڵĺ׼îֻЩ
ȻҪҸģһʱԺ׼îʹáǸԻãұ֤ܹҪעǣǸֻά룬ڣߣ÷Ӧ㣬ƽʱĻġ]
[ޣҪȥ׽ʣԸΪѡ񣬱ƽµĳ]
[ʣµĽʦǡʦḺʱ䡣
ɭĻҪעܵıܿǸˣǼһﲻǣϣֱʹͽҪӴĻᡣ]
·ʦ븨ලɱͬǱߵĸֻ¼߶ߵʵ©ֹţ̧ͷɭֵķ
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УҲɿԳΪ֮
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ҪЮ䣬ڶԼ˵
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׼֪ӣîĸףîê㡣
κεİϢҪ߶ߵˣԡԲŹ
Ҫ˺顭


161 
һߡ
ǰ
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ʷĲҽУŵ޴롣
ȻģȴǷĲͷ졣
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ǷʦѾȫǰ̤ײİ˰ʦ
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λŲٴĿĵ˺ˡ
ָ첲ҧϣֻʣ˰ز֫Լ֮ʣԿ¶Ĺͷ

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ʼֵʦЩһӶżרѧ
ôŸʦͷεޱЩʦǹڵõĻظ󣬱˾ֱֽ̧İ
ѧǸϽԼȥѺ󣬼ǰе·;Уɢɢ顣
Ǹרǰõе
̲ߣжϲΣԣǾƾ豾ܵķϮ
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ԴɭֵĻԴڴص©Դڴ󺣵ޡ
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ڶÿҲһһʦ꼶μӹٴССĲ˵پһһĳɫźؼսҲѷɫ
ȡĳ̶ֳ˵Ͷͬһ͵ʦս츳ߡͶõҲܺãõӴҲ֧ı
·ķɨһۡ
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ȷһʱ˵Ļ˿̧ͷһ£ԥ˰Σãܰ㽫ʦʦе㵣ˡƺбĵڡ
УСӱߡ

Ʋı̧ȣ˻һţĵ죺˶ϵĿ겻ʵȥѣսҵǼһ㴦ȫ󣬾תƵεĵط
Ǽһָî𣿡۾ȻãȻָָԼȵȡϵĿꣿ𣿡

ר罨Ⱥ
ġɿ⡹
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ŻɵĹΪȷɿǱ߶ֵݺʵ
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⧲ˢֵɱһлʶ˶ëȻӲ亹
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ؼʧشĿֲȫѹîκ͵ġ
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Լ˱ĳǺ˺ü
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磬ûκεطȰְ߸˰ˡ
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ȻҲǳᶨҡҡͷ
Σյģǰ
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֪ǰԺֻƤ׷麰ְ֡飬Žٴеľ侲ֻոյִʱӡ
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ԣڹ֮ǰն֮ǰҪץס֣ȥС
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163 
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ʱ䡭ԣҪľʱ䡣
ܹ͸ദʱ䡣
ܹˡһʱ䡣
ܹѰҽְʱ䡣
Ϊ˶ΪʦĻ룺еʱ䡭Ӧûаɣ
ĪĲӦֻǴɣ

һ̸ֻлݺͻ֪
֮
ҵ
ʦ֮ǰе鵽йڰְֺĵ鱨ɣƽ˵ҡ
֪֪Ӻî֮󣬻ԸõʼҵǱ־С˵һĹżдĹ¡
ȻҲȻȻĿ˹ż϶îЩȺĵĶ塣
[Ǳ֮ͽɱŮԹ֮սۻ۵ס]
治ɫļȥ
Ů˵֮Ů
֪ӻвʵһֳƺ
Ӧ˵ȷĳƺ
Ӵȴ޷ʹõӵһͻƣӵȼٷְĳһ
Ůıʣîġʽ̶ֳͬȵ
ʦҼǵ֮ǰ˵һЩĲ롣
ش𣺡û֤ʵ顣
ͽй𣿡
ӣֻһЩĶ²⣬ûȷ䡭Ǹһûܲ鵽
ŮҼǵòҲʡݴһ˿ϣʡ
Ȼȴķ񶨡
ȷʵŮӵһͻơܹӵȼٷְĳһ
ǡͻƣ⡣
޷ʹ
Դһϲͨʹ֢һϰ޷͸֪Ĵڡ
˵ûҵһŮİҡ
׷ʦ֪ôڡ
˺һᣬŻңеŮǰǿҵʹͻơʹһһε䡣
ݶʱɴ۾˵
žá
ûϵһµİ취ġڷ۵ƿ˵ллʦ

󣬻ݵʱعԭƽճ
49ƽճ

î亡ٶȱҹУ޸ãû֮󣬸ڸרѲߵĹǾîֻˡ
ϣîѾӴһܵӻݺʽ֪˶Էݡ
îܾŮӵӵϲչδꡢһϸϢԭϣҲ֪ˡ
֮ǰͬ˲ٵϣԼîӡתƵîϣʱ鸴ӡ
ûиܹ
Ϊĸ״δۿá
Ϊϣ飬΢ͱ׳׷˴ڵļֵ
иĸᰮԼӵġ
ӵиסĸо𣿡
ɹڷõơȡͻƵϣŵͷ
Լﱻ·îοǹŶԷ˵ĹŻͷУһʱ᲻֪˵Щʲô
ԭϣҲԴüΣǰһֱǸյûõ亡ºзִȤΪ
ڵ֪ΪͲɱıϣתƵλߴصϡ
΢ķ˱仯
û˲ϲ佱
οԸĸϿɡͿ佱

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ΪƶȺĵ֮ܺһǸᶨɼĸɵϣۼî֮󣬱㿪ʼӴһ档
ںͻ뻢ĵʱ򣬵֪˺еָ顣
龪棬ϣȥģî
4001ʱ56֡
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ܰһ𣿾ǡ
ϣС˵ţְа취ʣµȫĨȥ𣿾񳹵׽еƬ
ԺϣźͷƵʡƵ丿
ΨһͬǣȫԴ˻ǿܹƾ贿ۿ塣
ɲͨ˶ıϣǿȻҲԽʤˣȴһֱû취ִˮƽ
Ϊӵ丿ǿԶԶȲ
丿һֵȼ۽
ʧȥԽ࣬һ汻ֲľԽࡣ
ԣϣڼʶ֮󣬾ͰԸıԼǿ˼·ʼѰȫԼİ취һɲó
ֻһֱûгɹѡ
ΪֻǷӡԶԶ
ϣҪԼϵ丿ͱԴͷϽ׳ȥ
ٳûͷϣڿµĿԺ󣬳ڸʶһµġ
ͨϤҪõѧܱݵ


165 
װڵļ޷顣
һȻ
ͨˣҲԴԴϵĲ
ͨ˺ʦ֮𡪡ҪĶ٣ܸܲܲʹáҲɢʹγѡ
îԸĻǿɱһڵֳҪһʱ伯оȡĸ
ǣ޷֤ʲôá
ϾֱֶΣϾ൱ڷϳһܡ
ͨģһֳ⣬彡Ӱ졣
ԴδȷĴ𰸡
ôģǿа뵽׻ʲô̶ȵĺîҲ֪
ʽЧ档
Բնɱʲôîǳء
ϣֺδ֪󣬺Ƥ׷ĸߴһӦǾܾ
ȻҪԲһζ׷ԼĽ
ӵһ壬ΪδŬĻ
ǰһڼ˥ĥ½ʧȥжһֱڴîԴ˵ĸ̲
ԣԲӦκΪ׷ǿ͸֧ԼΪ
˵ǣϣǳ⡣
Ϊ˫̥
˫̥ĸᱻ϶ΪһˣӤ˴˼ụӰ졣ֻҪһСҪǿôһôŬϵҲᱻ͡
˵ϣźͬ͵丿
ӵȻ˫ȴûб丿ӵͳ̶ȵʽǣ˫̥֮ʲͬ϶˫ΪͬһʵBUG
ϣΪ˫õĴڣӦı΢
ǰϵ丿ЧҲ˱*1
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ӵͳ̶ʽѾ
ֻҪСûбǿ־ˣ츳Ľͻִ۷塪пֲƽʵ*2
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˫һ֮ҲȻȻбΪס
˽îٿڸרѲߡë亡ƤĹǾ˶ԷĴ𰸡
ϣԥҡͷȻ˵ҪܻĻҲҪˡ
ϣΨһϿɵļˣֻΪ˫̥á
֮ôŬǿԺҼλãҲҪıԺҵĸ״һɵδ
ƾʲôûʦ츳ҪΪʧƷ
Сͺ顢ҿǣڽ
ǺӱͶԳΪʦûʲôرȤ
ֻǡóԺңȻ󲻵òʦһеĻȻǿԼȥΪʦ
ⲻȷġ
ϣŻ취ıһУ뷽跨ͼΪԺҵļ
Ҫãûʦ츳ҲûϵΪʦҲԡ
źܶ಻ͬĲܡ
ֲѧϰܺã˶˶Ĳܣ˶л衢츳
˵Ŀô֤࣬Ҽֵ·ֹһ
αҪΪ˵̬Ⱥ͹ǿԼȥӴȤ򡢲ΪԼûⷽ츳ұͣ
ϣΪ˱Ӱ졢޷뿪Ժҵöֱӵĵ·
˵ĻҪΪԺҼĿû塣
ϣô˵ţ۵û˿ҡ
ͺ͵Ϊĸ׶ŬҪıîһ
ë׵Сѩ亡οĶϣ֣ȻڶԷʱԷԴ
ȻڱдԼİ취
Ҫװϣȫûа취
׼ȷ˵ڣΪϣȫųΪ˿ܡ
丿ϣΪ˫̥֮ϵ
ôֻҪ˫ϱֳˡٱΪͬһ壬Ӱͻᱻжϣϣ΢ôҲ֮ʧ
˵ǸʵеӤиһϣ˫̥Ĳֽз봦
îһҪԶȵüҰȫ

ϣȡգĳĩŻݺͻȥһ˱ҡ
3518ʱ45֡
վ
ΪʲôҲˣ
ϣĿվԼһߡһĻȡ
ʦҪȫжС̨гĻûȥ˾زλغȫǸҵĸλ
ȻݵıҲװ
Υ͸²ؼҶеĻϣʺ󣬺ãȻġһ
Ȼ롣
һ㶼ǸŻӣûйĻҲûй
Դô˵ΨһļѾȥˣӸר̨̫ԶûˣȥҲûʲô˼î;ҷżϢʱȥԷޣÿλؼҲẰһ飬Ȼ͡ϰˣ
ʼ磬Լࣺ軹ϲһȥģҺͽҲ⣬Ҫһ˻ؼңԻʻôû
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ȶʱ¶õЦݡ
ʧȥҺ˹鴦ĿֽëĻ˵Ҹ˵ϣǰݵúͽ㶼ܺˣܻãͽᣬîîɿģҲóԡ
ϣţЩҲڿʵĺ󱲿ֵĻ½ɡ
˵֪ҲԹ
ȣǰǵһȥ𣿡
ϣ㻹ûѧʱ򣬻ݱһ۲ͣǸʱдı㵱
ݻȻǸǸȻҲܺóԣǲ̫һϴξ۲ǳԻҴĺܶ඼ʳĶֻǿθˣֻһʳͣǿʳıζȥҼҳĻǲͬġ
ڴĵͷ⣬ʿଣⷹ
ϣ찡ǵģ경ŹģӶҪ˵ˡ
һ·̸ţ¸ߣܿʹӶվִ˾뼫ĺվ
һʱĲУҵķӺܿͳҰΧڡ
裡ͽ㣡ǻ
·İ壬ĺš
ͷܿ˽Ų
ӭõķˡ
Ҳ˳º͵Цݣݣȣӭؼҡ裬裡עȹӣ
ΪĽɤͬĶ˵ϵĲ躰Ȼϣߡ
͵Ϳһ˼ЦЦǸЦˣǽĿ˰ɣӭ㵽
ϣĪЩִ٣۾һգգģĴӦ˼䣬ȻС̤˶˵Ϊİļͥ

ȸսţͺʹֻĲܡ
Χڴߣһһߴߴͣ
ʼںî˵֮佻̸
ȣһˣŶʲôҪҰæ𣿡
裺ְ֣쿴쿴ݸСںСִһȦë׵ĳġ
ȣϴȥˣҸһм衣
裺ȸ绹¿Ϸǳ극һɣϷϴˡ
ԼľʲôϷĻȴʧɫۣǸϷʤ𣿡
ԶЦݡ
ڸϷ֡ҰܵĻȰڳһź
îεŤͷվԼһһҵˡ
һĽȣȻϴϴ֡ɣĻȵԴˣͺúϢһ°ɡ
ȶʱüͷ
îȥ˿ݡ
ӵԴº͵Ĺ˼䡣
ţλխߴ󣬿൱ǵ飬仹ûӻΧȹģ˿Υ͵ߵϣǰ
ﵱԼҰɣýš
ٿλڸר亡Ѳߡûٺ͸רѧǽӴîϣ̬ȷǳȻ
ƺΪԼݶЩڵŮıһξ룬Ȼº͵˵ҵ飬Щ㿴ҵȥųĻԸɣŻʮӾͺˡ
ллϣһƽһ飬ٶȱǸˬʦǾʹˡ
--------------------
лҪ˵
*1 *2 ˫Ӱϵ壬149


166 
ġůļͥʲôأ
ʵûʲô׼𰸡
١һǸܹ˰ĵĵط
ֻƽճ϶ɣĪ̵ܹĺۼ
ȻҲзպССìܣȴûĺҸ
⾭˶ٷꡢ˶ٴۣתܹ׾ٵĿůĵƹ⡢ԶΪ㳨Ĵšʦҳʦ˵ʵǷǳݳ޵Ŀ
ԣϣЩĽݺͻȡ
ǻݡ
̳ͬԺҵѪȴܹӵнȻͬδ
ȻΪԼĲҶȥ˵ҸΪԼñҾͱҪ˶ͬܡϣðƫ뷨
ӵܹ̹Ȼҵ־Լᶨھ֮·ϵ
Ҳ˸֮һ
ԣϣĽֻǺܵĽѡ
ĽУٻŶԻ˳Ժһӵο
Ȼ
עڹ۲űҵճ
۲żͥԱ֮ദǵĶԻѧϰӴİҲ˽һС

Ҹ˵ϴϢյʱһ꼶һȥҶԭȻʦ
²ĺһ֮˵ԼѧУճƺʤҪ
ЦıȻţȻǾȥʦҪʦϢջʲôǸŮͿȹݣ
ҳĶۼֿϵƻװͰ͵Իȵͣ
ʲôʲôŮͿȹݣҶԭ
ȻΪʱԪ߱Ѿˢ˷ܵ׷ʣжèŮװС𣿡

ͬΪߵĻȿٵĵͷ
ƻ³һݵͷвȻڲ϶´˸ʵǸȹſھͣסˣϾ̫߳ˣȴԱСע⵽ȻӲ˽ȥҺ˵Ȼ˷Сʹʹ⻷װƷҪֵֹ߳ܿں໣
ڴĺѵĻݶߣһһ٣ΪͲҪ˵˰
Ȼһʼȷʵ߳ʵϸ룬˼ġ˵ݣǵʱĵƬȥˣ
˭֪պõ𣿡
պõûϷ֡ѵ˵ˣΪϧźһ˵вͽ㿴ء
ʲôƷֵĶħ𣿡²ۣ̫ˡУȻҪ˵͸Ұϸ˵ҸûдʲôֵװƷҲûкʲôֵĿںţӲյģ

Զҵ߳Ļĥң
ͺͲЦͣ
î룬û˵ݺͻŪƬǵĸٶˣȻڵˡ
Ƭ˼ͥҲ֪ûᱻǷ֡
î룬ʱֳĬ
󣬲˵Լճҷѧȥְ̽ʱ̫Ǹ쵰ȻҵҲܴԶȥĨҲʵ̫ƭˣ̫Ǹһǰô࣬ȻĹ
ϾҲ룬۵
Ҳ̫ˣк̫ͬˣû뵽ϸлͬ˵ͽ㣬ҲҲһɣ̫ûжɣ
ࡣ
н͵ͷȥ˵˼
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ݺͲ裺ʲô
î৵̧ƤӣЩȡ
Σʮ㣺ǼһǸСãǰر࣬̽¥¿ķԱСҲ֤ܳǸһİ߰ӼͽҪԶһ㣡
ݿʼ˼̫εΪˡ
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˵ûѧԸʵ̫ŵˡ
ǼһֻǷĺèһϢ²ֹΪ磬ֱӰѻܼܵ㵽
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赱κ̫ʶʱġŻۿɲ˵˵ġ
Ϊĸ﹤쵼λöһ£Ѿʮ̫׷ŷҡ
ĵźǾԲǰѽиԷĺѡ
ᶨվ˲ߡ
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ȻһֽԼᵱŮӿܻޡ
ȻΪý洨ԵʣǳͬġŮӿ޵ԭҲͻ׷ԵᣬȻŲ鲻Ը̫׸˼ҵŮӵǸ
ĳֻ໨Դ˼ŮӿղҪ㱻ƤƭԽÿԽỨƭ˵ĵ
̫ף
Ҳ졣
ڿЦڽԼճ
һЩĻҲֻǸڱ棬ϵԽ˵ԽĶתš
ҵĻ⣬ʵֻǺƽߵĻ⡣
ƽƽȥ
֪ʲôʱʼַܳʱûкͶԷĹʲôϣ롣
ԺϣҪΪԺҵļ
ҪԼΨһϿɵļˡΪһġҡ
ͥӦеӡ֪ҸʵģĻͻ޴֡ŬķҲ᲼һСĻ©ʲô
רĴҹȻܺá
ȥ뿪Ժר˵ļֻͥһ֪ϣ˵ڱҸܵһиǰһ
ƽܰĺܰⲻ㹻ǿͿġ
ϣŬĹ۲˵ļͥ۲ֵ֮ܽദΧΪһ֮î˵̬ȡ
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Ϊ˱ҪϴϣܸȤС
ûϷƺѸս츳ȫˣڻݵ˵£ϣ׾֣Ȼһ·նɱ˲ϴĵһʤ
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ȥϴ룬ʣµ˺ԥİռλãϷ
îˣҲϹһѡ
îԸϷҲǳ֣̫ϰֱһЩҲϤ
һãȻĿԼٿصĽɫĽڽڰˣȻһͿ
ǻȸܹѹʤˮƽءصۡ
Һðְֲڱڡͬĵͷ
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ⲻܣѵ˵ǺǼһӴ̫

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лҪ˵
*1 磺ձһֶĲϷС糡ᵽӸүүȥȻǳó


167 
ĩ
ǻݺͻѵûؼҷɵӡ
ȺĲֺüۼĿּûͣΪ곤ߵîȻڼɡ
ɫԽԽîº͵Ҳɽɹȡ
Ƥ׷ڵϣĹβʶҡšͷȺƺȫûʶʱ䡢Ҳû⣬ϷͷͼݱΪͨۻδ꣬ǡϢĻ飬ںת˺üΣջǼѵȥ
ʦѲӵһλؼҷɵĻᡣ
Ҳһʱûпˡ
ԵĻîҪǸյˡ
ΪһֻɿεϸףҲû취δǰҹ
˼κ󣬾߾ȹ
îԵҹ𣿡
ſîϣ·ڴ˯İȮǵһġ

ӴȻ৵վֵҡβͣҲԴ顣
ȮƽһֱȺȮӺ԰ְ
ԾͶιǵС׳ֵʲô谮Ķ޿֡ΧîתȦʮֲȲҧ½ǣѶԷϡ
һ֪ǹ߷
΢΢îεİ˰ȮԴĵȵȡ
Сʹģӡ
ǸصĺȮεǰ˶ˡǶĴһצӡ
ҹѾʱ𣿡Կһʱӣ۾ʱԲԲģȻ󡭡ԥŤͷîҪԣ
ʮ꣬ɴθڼõڡ
ľĽθڱȽС̽絽Ҵܡ˶ǳɹ۵ĲӶر졣ճСʦˡ
îʣµĲϣ֮ǰŨУҪĻٸ֣ȥ׼֮ǰȥϴɡ
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Ϳ˿ʱ䣬ʶʱʱоһ⡣ҡͷҾͲˣϴֱȥ˯ˡ
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ԸµؿƶȻϣ¥ܡ
ԡңȥϴˣһøϣΡ
Ůʿȡ
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ȣһֶʤ𣿡
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ţϢʱ䣬Ե㶫Ϣһ£ǲͻˣȻͻȥúϢˡ

ϣϴź֪Լ⡢ġ
ӡȻˣ
𾪵ૣǲʲô˵ܹȫ֡
îȻûǡ
ֻǰϣģѵ÷˸յʱĽź飬ûеһʱ¡ʱԴֲһʱ
ϣڻ¡ææҹʱܸɴĵ˵ͷ
Ⱥ˵һҵʽȽ⡣
Ƥ׷ĵĽһħ۵ЧȻصͬ漰ϵһεĸǳԲ׽Ҫһʱֱܷ⣬뷴Ӧ񾭺ܲǧҪסܡزҪҹ۲ʱԽãҿ֮ߺ֮Խ̵࣬ط鷳ˣҵʽɱǲġ
ϣصĵ˵ͷ
Ҳؽţֻһ˲顣ʧ̴ִλõĿҲڣ˵ֻΪ˱
ϾîӲϣŬǿһӹɡ
î˵ţգ֮ʿԼħۡ
תźһԨļµнϸߵڱӵʱɱĻԤС
걻졢۷ĶԶὫ˫һħԳ
ϵն֮Һ֮Ĺϵᷢ仯𣿡ϣȻʵûϵҲһӦܵһʱ䷴Ӧɣ
Ҳ˫ӣԲǺ⣬˵˫֮ڵرӦҲһϵϵԣն֮ǺӻԸоįɡ
ҲѹϣĬһᣬұô
ʽϵͱԺΪࡢܵҪıʲôͱӵǿܹƸС
ȻڵʵԶԶԺҵǲһ
ǣѾִﵽֽ츳ʵˡ
츳ʣʵ̫пᡣ
Ȼȴʵơ
룬ǿͷ˵˵ܹʵֵġ
˵һǳ˸ʧá

Ⲣʲô޷ص顣
ĹǴ̹ᴩŮ壬е֮Ȼ飬˫ӼϵһȻ١
ϣۣܵϡѾɢԼҲ丿ļǿʼָԭ͸õִǿȡ
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2011ʱ56֡
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ԷĵĻͶԷʵʱ֣ʵǲîġ

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ǲ֪Էжڡ˵ܲһֱǶزء
˵ͻжȶһӰɡîǵܳʱ䶼ûнĻ㡣
Ҫǵѣ
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ϾԷﲻ֪ûڻ©ؼǻ䣬̶ֳȵټǱרĻҲȫȥ
ȻǲľֱȽϺá
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նԷй¶ϢӦûڶ˿ǰĳС

24Сʱ36֡
ˮ
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\ԼеЦݵĻԽԽ󣺡ɣڶ ٹҹСһȫ߸硢ǧǰɱʢ֣

13Сʱ36֡


171 
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װ̽֯Ǻֹνṹһ֡
ΪԵʣ֮̽ĹϵܺáΪɵ쵼ˣڴͺصҲϲϵǡ
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ǵ糤ͼֱӰݷáӴ̸ӵͨ˴ͼߵ̽ҲһĻۡ
Ҳǿ
ֽһ۾ܹࡢƲǰ˲ɻǲӵ
ֻǸûš
δҲûԤ֪
ˣҲû취ȫ𰸡
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ҲĬ룬ĵĹӡ
̫ˣȻ뵽ܶԣû취ԵĴ𰸣ʽսۿսչԿԸϸ鱨ڡֻܿ϶һ¡
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ҲİְǸĻһмƻ㣬ԣɡ
Ӱ㴿Ĵɫ̽ô˵ֻҪغˡ֣ǸĻֵļƻһزۣǾܹ˳ʤ
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ǣһȻȱ֡
ȻҲΣҲƶϴûг˵Ҫһ¼ƻ
Ƥ׷ãǿһ
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Ѿ14ˡ
۷ڵѾθߵһߣԼԼƺмߵ򣬶ıʵ߻ҪĶࡪƺ160cmϵ󡢲һֱŬ뵱ֵҲΪɥ
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Ȼ޷ǿ󣨸οǷĺӣîһͬΪԼ˵ԭҲǸҪԷһʵɽ͡
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13Сʱ36֡
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10Сʱ11֡
Լʦټ˻ǰǱȴ
8Сʱ30֡
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5Сʱ13֡
רҽ̽ҽлҰӻϡ
3Сʱ05֡
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59֡
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±ͨҲʡڣͨû취ȥ
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ͬʱʮʡڣ޲Ķͨ˷Ϯ
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ʣµ˰հţȥԮͨˣǰõʱȡʡƻ󣬵һʱ뿪
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ֻҪî֣˵ıͱȻ޷ɡ
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ǣⲻʲô׵顣
׼ȷ˵îԣһּµĥ

ǵģֻҪî˲֣\޷Ŀˡ
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޷ǿߣעΪ̤ʯźûܸһźʽƵӲĳɱ¾ҪСɱ˵ɡ
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Ҫγǧ޹ƽȥ𣿡
ܹǵ¡ҪѡӶ𣿡

ؼﰢĦ޶еʱ䣬ʣ²40ӡ


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ٺ췢ԭҲ²һ䣺ո˰ɣǸල˵ʡһźš˷ʦĽ漰̫̽ǱҪ֪ڲָӣ»Ҫһʱ䡭ι̫ף֮ǰҶһӣ
Ҳ˴һţĴߴ٣ָӾͿ˰ãɻ
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ҲãȻĿŲӰԶԶϢۡ
ʡƻľԮʼʽִУ׼õĴʼȥ
îһ̲ͣıţ絶һĴϣȻδͣϢ
ˣȾǡ
ټ֡ټһ¡
ڿˣڿˡ
ֱһʡΪ̣һ̲ͣȫîͣ䲻ȶĿա
ҫ۵⡢εգѴӲڡ
ܿ졣
һʡ¡
ǲǵ˵ġʡǸලµģʦġʡ
ͨͨ赲ڵġʡ
׼î
˭֡Ϥ֣;Υİϡ
îͷһһĿķ
ͷŷߡ˵¶º͵ЦݣԹԵ˵Ұʵϧġ
3롣
Ƥ׷΢΢壬ӰΣյĺ˸ΪĹâ
׼˶ԷҪ³ǰû˿Է˼
Ȼ
ȫƿΪؼ\ܿһƿصΪܣһڳ׻ΪѪꡣ
\һ˾룬Ȼ¶Цݡ
0롣
\ϵȻԾͣڿУϷǡ
ˡӽʮ׷롱һħ۵˲䱻⹹ɵס壬Լľ硣
ؼĦޡĶУʽʼ
\վĻҳԭص飬΢Цż˵
Ͼ飬ǶݵӭļĵڶȫȫתԡܲΪһ飬ܹΪһ֮׷棬ΪʱȨߡ
Ǳɱġбȵƫִͷܹ׿ģ
ǧĹϧ
Ϊʵǿˣʵ˵ȴԶΪʱҽ䱸
ž֮ȴǿбԡµĺɣ
ΪîȷûΪǿ
ǣʱîȴлȥ־жδΡԵ
Զؼҵĸף޼᲻ݵĸԴê㡣
îѾƣˡ
ƣ޾ͷƣͣϢС
µļ˸ߵ⣬ҸȴϲƵļصģ
˻Ҫǰ
ˣں׼ҽصʬͻΪɭɭݹǡ
صĹȥҲǶͷԶ޷ȡ¡
ڵֻǸ׷ɢȴ޷ϢֲԸܶĿɱ
º͵Цţעˣ·Ҫ඼ͳһ㣬Լеİȥ
Լһ㡣
ǿӦǸӴƫִľ
Ϊ̫ˣֻʣ΢ġ̼
ϵļ
\̯֣α
ѰɣЦŽΪԼ˳ñͷŵıܣȻ󡭡ΪĺӰɣ
--------------------
лҪ˵
˵һ£Ѿдִ٣1ߣ2ߣ3Ĺߡ
ǺһعģϢǳĹ
ӦòдĲǽߣܾĹˣǴָ٣Կܻᷢ仯


173 
ؼŽһͬΪõɮʬ廯ﰢĦޣڳԱǳڶ⡣
Ħܹһ
Ϊ˸´ӡóͽͽһĻڡ
Ϊ˲ͽСֶƭϵơȻٶΪĦޱȿ̵
жʹࡢĵڡ
49ĶС
⼸ȱһɡ
ǰѾ㡣
ĶУŸոտʼ
Ħֻԡߡ
СΪȷǷĻڹȷ䲻ٶȷ´Ҫ̡
ƭˣΪһʱĳ嶯ӿ𡭡ȶʷķӦᡣ
ﰢĦԳһ׵׼Եʿ˱ߵĹȥһС

1937·ݣٺС
ѩԭҵһԷ޵ǵĶӡ
ˣǰŰᵽһ˺Χۡ
ֽѩԭ˾
һװ˸ߣƫݣһͷ΢ƶɵļ緢ǻԺһССβͦıҲǼһ۾
ǳºͣ˵Ҳ͸һʡ
ʵϣѩԭ˾Ҳȷ׫ΪŸӾӶ࣬żҲԼдͶ塣
ûеƦå鷳
Ͼѩԭ˾ȻݣǸΪ˵ߣѾ㹻һ塣
ѩԭҵŮˣΪѩԭ֪ӡ
λʮָմˮĴС㡣
ﶨӵʱɨϴ룬£Ȳ֣߲˶֡
ڵʱǸŵеʶ˶ܲ³Ĳƽ
ϾܹŮǲʳ˼̻ĹһȷҲֻдܹ
˽ġû˻㡣
ΪԷ޵ʵǹġ
ѩԭ˾ǹɽõʣĳϣҲǸʱ֪ͨе֮ҵӰӡ
үС㣬ŵԣȻ
ѩԭ˾סû䣬ûᵽٲƲԼֻܴӪ˵صĺ֮ͽˡ
ܰ䡪ѩԭ˾仰˲ӯ
Ϊʲôү
ͬں׼ңԭ׼˾Ǳûаֵġ

׼˾ûʽûȫ䡣
ʦҵУˡ͵ġԭ
ܹ˳û;Ѿˡ
ѧʶݡᶨһжԼŬĳɹ
ΪܹΪԼں׼Ͼġ׺סԲôǱ
ȥֻܹ۵ĺ׼˾֪һ顢ټġ
ûԼķܹӭȢԷ
׼Ҳܽĸ޸һ
֪ܣȴ̲סΪ˶Է̶ֱͦ߾ȫıøá飬ԼҲס
Ҫж˲ܹ֪ͬӰأ
˲䣬׼˾ԼСܵĿѶ塣

֪ϲԷڻǵ̶ҲδļϲԷϺʦȻͬʡ
ϲԷעԼʱֲðĿ⣬ϲԷڱŹʱºִϲõСػ
֪ӸϲԷδʧȥϣļᶨ̬ȣ糯һЦݡ
ϲôôࡣ
ܴ𣿡
֪ӹ˵һֻĽ˿ȸ˵Ļ
ҪˡҲ벽δ
˾˺þãͰ͵ģڰŮڴĿס죬֣صĵͷ
šŬţЩǮ̵ĳף־ܵĶ׬ЩǮ
Ȼ۲šţҳܹ͵͵֪ӵ·ߣ˲ٴȥͨĳһҹͽ˿ȸ漣ӳ˺׼ΪķԶ
ͣྴ˴ꡣ
׼˾߾ȫеð׺õȴ̤һĽޡ
ֱ԰֪վڶԷǰŲıǷԸȢһļҡ
Էõȴھϲ֮󣬽Ͱ͵Դ
ǣҡһǴҡ
ܺá
ûûʽ
ܺá
û취㰲ȵС
ܺá
֪˵Ⱦ˶ҪãһҲС̶Ȼܹᶨҵ־һҲܹһֱ㣬һǴҲŶԣûĻҸûҲѽ
ϲ㣬ڼʱҾϲ㣬һŬѧһŬæԣԸɲóҡ
֪ţȴֱִס
ǡ
ɢԱĺ׼˾˲ᡣ
αϣκ˵ףͬΪ˷ޡ
˿ȸ֪ŬѧϰΪһܹˡ
˾֪ʶѰԼ츳
ڻ滭Ŷ츳֪ҵԼıһŲ廭Ͷɹ˵һʽǮ֪¶ǰδеĲЦݡ
һŬһǵļҡ
ꡣ
ǵ˶ӣȡΪî
ѩԭî
һеĿˡ

׵î̳ĸ׵ĺڷͰƤ̳˸׵ɷʺͱɫ
ǸǳЦֺƢСһ
ǳճˣϲͷҲϲٸ߸ߣճŸԷĹ£ĸ׻￴ԷĻЦݱ⻹ҪãֻɰСһ
îѩԭ򸾵䱦
ϸĵĽ̵
˵СîҪɺһ¸ֲˡ
ڰ˾ӸıԼһСԼѲԱܻһӸ׷ҸȨҡ϶ҵĵ
ĸ˵СîҪɰְһǿֲηˡ
֪ɷıԼһ˿ȸһԼΪԷ˻ŵʵУɷĿԺͳΪһˡǵߵδ
ԷԷġ
Ҳиңǻ̸Ȼáݱ˴ˣһҳƽ㡣
ΪǰŶԷ
Ϊǰҡ
ǶҪΪ˶Էøá
߾Ǳ˴˼ݶԷĲͱ˴˼Ϊ˶Էøá
׿еĸףĸ׿еĸףîõĻ䡣
ǣŸĸɢ
ڸ׵ļͷ̻
ĸѧŸ׶֡
ƷŲóյĸζŹֵ͡
͸һȥߵ㣬ĸһ齽
îҸѩԭҵҸһֱîꡣ
꣬ǼڵС򣬱һ͸ߡ
ûʽϲѩԭ˾ҸȾЧȥ
ǰڸвϵĵǸ
Բ𡢶Բ𡢶Բ𡪡
Բǡ
Բ𣬲ǡ
ԲΪ
Բҽ˺׼ңȴûͺӵ
Ϊ̫Թ¶ĸ˵жôס֪֪Լȥжôѣѩԭ˾Ǵžʹߵġ
ĿǰץӺͺӵ֡
ѩԭҵҸʱˡ
֪ӱĿ޵Ĵźʧǵɷٰ
Ƕʱ䣬סС˲ˣ֪Ĳ
ͱԼ־ٺС
ҲȻȻĵ˲䡣
îѾʽˡ
ѩԭ˾ѩԭ֪ӵĺӣӵзǳɫʦ츳ɷȥ֮ǰһ̵ֱîҪԹӶ
ѩԭ˾һֱóӴڻ
̫ˡ
ĻۣζŲȷĶ
îǱĽһλǶܺõ˴
Ȼ
λոʧȥӵ˹ŹֵĿҴȥ
ţСʼд˵î֮ӡ
Сֶ
츳ʦ䱦
ҲͨĹ
ﶼųࡣ
벻УҪһйڡ
׵îײǸϡ
Ϊʼת̬ȵˣδӱ֪߳еαĺӣĬţһμɷ󣬲־ȻĴî뿪С
ҲΪϵѡĸ˳ĶǸٺСҪ֮ӡж
Ҳѩԭ˾ȥǰĵƯ֪ҪŶӻȥʵ̫ˡ
֪ûսî̫ס
һƯŮ˵źӣܻǸȵʱͽߡ
ʽҪѵîСչ¶Ķ֮ԽԽࡣ
ǱͱĿġˡϾήҵ֪ûɷǰóڻ׵îһЩֵĵط׾ͻᱩ¶С
ʱƽʦҪִҪٵöࡣ
ΪǴ඼Ȳ
ֶ£޶֪ղòîص˺׼ҡ
֪˵׼ȻǸĵط
Ϊкųɫʦ츳îڼܻúһ㡣
츳һС
֪ٶȻصîǱ˺׼î
ĸӵת֮Ҳ֪ĩ֮Ϊڵ¡


174 
ڣ֮һ
Ȼ֪ӵ׵ĺӴغ׼ĸⲻһܹ೤ʱ䡣
ͬʱҲΪûѡһ·Ǳ߳δ֪ȷͿԡ
֪ӲŻĩ·ʹ֮ʣΪ˵һѡ˸õġݴʡ
ûлص׼Ļ
ܹŬһĻ
ܸǿߴһ㡢ܹ뷽跨һҵĻ
޷ʧȥĺӣܹһȵġ͵߰ɣ
֪ӲϵšΪǿԶǴ𵱳Լ
һϡîĸĸ

˵ոջص׼ʱîĴ⡣
֪硢ʷƾõʦҡ츳͡ʵһС
츳ζšȨ͡Ŵ
ʵζšλ͡Ȩ
ǡãףî𽥾ѵʽȷżµΣԡ
Ҳú׼ǰһΣԡ
׵ĺǶԱɫʽѳǻ˸ź⡣
Ұֵġߡֲڸ䣬Ⱦ֮ϵĴ̼Ĵԡ
ССîãȻȥ߶ˡ
һŴ˶ή
ΪʽȰĺϡ

îʽովѵʱ򣬾Իʧص
˵޷رԼġħۡ
Ҳ֪Ӿغ׼һҪԭ
׵îܴ
ڲԸ˺κ˵£ܿע⵽ʽҪжǿµġɫġߡĹؼ
ǿžȾ֮±ֵĺĿԲٿʽһڹؼʱ̬ȼǿӲı˵ĸס
ʧءαװɡꡱ
ָⲻϻľǽɵġƻαװɶԺ׼ҵġвš
îͬըëСһĸǰôź׼¶۵ȷΣԵСȺ˲òî֪Ӽ޸츳ʦ¸Ӿ츳áļƻ
ССî֪ĸڸȥжôѹȻҲһîһԼҪѹܶࡣ
Ҳ֪ĸΪԼжô׵ĺͯĸ׾Լغ׼ʱǾȻµĲԸ޷ˣеĲ˶Էĳء
ȻǺܶСһĸ׵̬ʶˣ׼һᷢ顣
ҪС
ְֲˣǾҪ衣
ûܹԼĸ׷ֿҲκ˺ĸס
ŵ뷨îçײĵõԼҪĽ
ֵһֻըëС蹷
Ψһֹܹס֪ץסӸĻᣬӹˡٶȻ䡢ӷ롱ˡ
Ưİ׺ӵһһ㡢ǿôһ˿ɡӡîҪܺ׼ҽΪ׼ЧΪۡ
Լ׵ĺӷ֪ۿɬ
Ǹûõĸס
ֻ֪ܹȫԸĸԼҪܸǿѵĺӷɵĻᡢֲͯ꣬ҴɷǷݡҵĺӸİ

îĸǽֲİ׺ס
±ţҲܹº͡ƽĽ̵ӵһ˸еۡ
îê㡣
ҲîڳɳжԼĿԴ
Ҫĸסĸסһɵδ

îʮɵġ
ԷҪîСһ꣬ȴ࣬ԼԼҪһЩ

Ǵ˺üܡ
ʱŵĻɶһͷ·ʨëһҫĺ췢Ƶîǰ
˵ιǲǰ˰ɣ
źɫβкͷһҲԷѺõ̬ȣֻòĻش𣺡ǵģҽî
ֿ죬׼̨ʵζ˵รӰǻɡ
îʮ൱УΪáîõ˵
ǴӺǸһָܴѧĻձҲС
ȻĻʱᵽӣȻǳʲôѺá
ǻɣִš
îǡӡ
ϻȻǿ
ôֱ׳뵽Ȼͼȥˡ
îȫС
׵ܵ¶ǳǳЦݣǷǷǵģҵĸ׺ĸϲڶѩӣӺܿɰˣμ棬ɡ
ѩԭî
֪ӺͰ˾ѩӡ
îԭϣҪȡ׼Ӧˡ
İְϲϻ𣿡
һڼͬ˽̸îЩڴԭȵĻ⣬ɬѺѯʡ
ɣ
Ļֻ͵Ĵʰˣèƶϻûʲô̫Ĺϵ
ԣôƫˣ
˼Ų
ѵñҭһ¡
Ҫһ׼ҵƶˡ
׼ҵλãֻҪڼѪԾ
츳ƤӹĻɣҲȻȻһλ
ȻӹᡱԱԵǲˣ˵˵ϣһЩСС;͹Ű޿ɾҩС
ΪîҲǹŰ嵽޿ɾҩһλΪԷֵ̫òˡ
էһֱЩȤ϶ԼŰСûʲô
ǵģǰʶ
îѾں׼˽ꡣ
Ҳû취飺î޷ȫʽ鵽׻Ǳ¶ˣûӰ쵽֪ӵĴɱΪʽĸ߶ΣԶ롣ȫƿԼ֮ǰîŵѵ
ҲȻȻĵڼΪİ
îһӵжȨʽܳȥݵλ֮ǰһֱϣΪһ
Ȼɹӹᣬ磬ʵ츳ԸǼֵҪˡ
ԡճîûɺܲ
ȻֱӸɴҲˡ
ʵ˵ں׼ҳĻҲȻϲȭͷ¡
îϲһ㣺ʵλԸ񡢼ֵۡƷǻ۵ȶǴҪ
ֹ֪ӽĺܺõȫ޷⡣
ڵ֪ԭҲѡ֮îûоܾɵơ
Ϊܶʧλá
ûжΣյʽîҧͻɴĲ¡
ǡöǽսɣϲõߣһ־˰¡
սŰܣӲ٣һҪλģ
û侲ġżȻ俴î֪ദĳ

ΪîҲȻȻ֪Ӵ˸ߵȨ͵λ
֪ӲΪ˸ˣֻԽԼƴŬĺӡ
֪ӺԼĴԽãζî˸Ŀࡣ
ɷ䱦㰮ĺӡ
ССġ۵ĺӡ
ڣȴȳ
֪Ӻܾɥ
Լϸ֣ĵҧ߾ȫҪһЩԼܹ¡
ǣîһú׼׵ĺӶĽĸס
λƯ˵İ׺׷˴Ӳîκѹ෴跨Լĺܹɡ
֪Ӽǵîգǵîϲá
ܾӶˣ֪ӸϲԼȥ׼îճӡӳˮƽҲ˶
ڣ֪ӻص׼¡̻𡢿ơء
ƽգ֪ӻĵĸî¡˯
îʲôգ֪Ҳڣֻº͵ıʾԼԶԶһеա
ҵСîҪΪҶ
֪ŶɷƵɳô˵
ҪңҲҪʲôʳԡΪԼɡ
îˣîСС;ɱһ䣬îõϵĳޡ֪ÿÿֻеο
ܹ֪ӷĸ˵ģԶîЦݡîîƽ£îӵ
îÿλؼң֪Ӷ΢΢ÿ𣿡
ֻҪľͺˡ

һҲʱûֱӶ֣ǱŤĴ
ԺǸˣĸ𣿡
ᵽ֪ӣîԭʱࡣ
ǵģҵĸ״ˣ𾴺Ҫˡ
ġİ׺ס
ӵи߹İ׺ס
îָưڵİ׺ס
ҪɺҸԣɣҲλø㡣

ɵĸĸǷǳ͵Ĵͳʦĸ
˫װô⡪벻ɵ츳
ֽۣǴϵõġ
һãúܿɰá
ͬʱҲСġûʲô츳á
ͲøĸĶٹעϲ
ɺܱŤ
ǵԼĸ׻ʱº飬ǵԼδõڴ
óչ¶ƽӹ츳󣬸ĸ̬ȾȻˡ
ҪٰѾǸƽӹѪϡ
ĸ￴ʹͲᣬɶԷȴӸ׵ŮֻҹŻȥ̽
׵Ļɾò
һֱȨһ̲žﲻԡ
ƫƫ˵ĲʡΪд˶ȻΪҲȨеһԱ
ˣ׽͸Լ顢޷롰ƽȶԴĿˡͬܵ
ֻǡܲˬ
ǣ׵Ļɼ򵥴ֱ룺ҵͲвˬˡ
ҾͿΪԼˡ
˵ֱ׳ȥˣḸǡ˷ʱ䡱Ǵ
˵ĸܹҹ͵͵̽СŮ
Ȩ
ҪΪȨ
ܰšҲֵܽõĻҲܰǡ
îܸܹͻɺú졣Цݣô˵
ʣԻ˵İ
㶵ԲԼ۾һͷĺ췢紵󣬻Ʋߡ졣
ǽٴܣĴˡ
îԼʺϳΪ
ڲ֪ٴν֮󣬻ɽð뷨
ԼûжôᶨδΪȨʧҡϾʵǺúĸˡ
˵ó֮ǰɲûоﲻԡ߳ӡ
îһ
Էƺ;зǳǿҵͬģң۵;ѾĿꡣ
Ǹ׳úˣĲδƭġõӶû
췢кڵϷôԴ˵
޷ġ
ɸԼɡ
ȻĳһϿ˶ԷΪ˶Էĵһ׷ߡ
δ͡δ֮ͬǰ׵ĻҵԼê㡣
һ𳤴󣬻Ӱ졣
Ķţ˲С
ʮкʮʮꡣ
ȿɿȴͬʧԹϵĺڷӿʼչ¶âӵԼ
ԼĴ
ԼêΪոࡢϣա
ҡîӰӣػ󱳡˺е˵ޡ
ϻ֣ȴ˳Ϊʨĸߴ˱źص̫ ּᶨ롣
Ǹʱ򣬻ΪԼһصס

ʮ꣬Ƕ緢


175 
и֪ϰӣ󲿷˵˸֪ǷǹֵۡӲɳӰ졣
ԲŻнδ˵
Ͼ׵СǻױӰ졣
Ƕĳһ㽡塢ϲʱ

îסĶԺںǵϲص
ˣɸ磬ˣ
β㡪
ɵɴ۾ԼĻƣ̧ͷֵͷظΣ󲻿ŵĺǲǳǧˣô£Ǿǳǧ˰ɣ
û֤ݣˣɸ磡
СǴСУȴһ㶼µû֤ݾͲǣȻҪî״
Щƻĸ״
ü۷Ȼ˹ȥС
îǡڴʱ
̤ԼСԺ߹ȻͱۼͬСע⵽
î磡
һʱ˻ɣһ˷ܵĳ˹Ȼ৵㡣
̽ԴԻɰڹ
ɣ
ɹȺɶСͷӽ֪Ϊʲôкʨ
ۣ
Цһ
ʮîεվԭأʱ䵱ˡǸӡ
îסĶԺڲ֪䣬ȻΪ˺׼ҵĺϲĵطҲΪ˹ȥĺ׼ĵط
ȺС֪ǵǳ˵Ͼʱ桢ǽ¡߿ƲǵĻҲͬˡ
Ҫǡ棬ɲӭģﾡ֣ĸ档
ǳڸԻԣ׼ĴǶͲԼܹδùϵλѾǿĿؼʦѧʲô
17îں׼Ѿ˷ǳ˵ĵλͻȨ
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1957꣬î20ꡣ
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177 
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ֻŶԼԱ
ΪǶ޷еֹͣķɣ޷⴫ϰĺ׼Ҿʹû䡣

֪Ӳں׼һõģҲڼʽӰ췶Χڡ
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ᱻ׼ԭѪۡһͬʵĵһ֡Υ쳣ˡƽ⡱ʩҲ޷顣
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ź׼ϵ壬\Ųϻǵ˶ġͬš˵*1
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Ϊ˼塣
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21îججڲʱ˱㱻һȺ̰Ȼ

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լԺĺ׼ҺǴһ飬ôǵ졣
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һǧ׼˿ϡٵ˵Ѿһ˲ˡ
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СôţȻһķöֽš
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һк˫֣ץסîı֣ɸŲһָأǰȻڱﱧԹǸ󱿵˫ģ˸Ͽɻ߱㣬ɸͻó׻
һӿٵͷǣǲŲҪ㲻Ҫʳ
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ĺձ죬ǱӸ˽ĺ塣
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*1 \ں׼ʬյһеĿģ44˵


178 
ʱš
ĩҲĳ
ǰ
ɽӵҪ鲻Ըĳˡ
ǸûƶͨѶҽͨԶһЩĹܹ֮Ϊ
ǰΪչîǿ˲ٹֱΪϵԽһ񽻵Уȥɡ
ˣѵҲҪ𣿡
Ļɸôʵ
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ҪأٲԸ⣬Ҳߺεʶû˻ڴһɥĽӰˣں׼Ҫ߶˵սֲغĿȱûˣӵĿ࣡
ĻîȥΪ֮ӡڼѪʵîĻɾͻΪһεԷΪ׼ҵδȨߡ
î˿һˡ
ɲһֱŶԷֵѹ
Ҳһ㡣
ڽӵ׵ҪãǿͷӦ
һܺͻ
뿪ǰصȥݷîôɵ˵ҪȥǱߣϲĲ԰ɣһһڴɡ
Ȼֹĺ֪˵ˣʲôҪͽǧԣǧ˵ǻ㴦һġ
׼ǧԣ׼ǧîµ׷ߣʵ
îԵãӵĵзҲв١
ǵ׼ҵĸ߶սҪȶϡȱ٣صķʩҲûô᲻ɴݡΪ˱îʧȥս֮󱻵жԷɱϸİȥǵİȫ
ɱΪΣֻ磬һжϣҲΪһ޷ͻ¡


Ǻ׼ʷʹ¼
1958ġ
ɳ󣬼ʽȻ׼ơ
ػչî֪ӵǧԣǧĳһ׼ıΪԼˡĻɸ׵Ȼ֧ס
ɵôΪϵĸһЩؼ֣׵ŮӲȥ֪ͨ籨ţ֪ӵľ衣
֪ӽҪѰȴ췴ӦһϾһеϵ
ͨ籨ŵĻҲߡ˭Ҳ֪ܵʲôͷ
һн֮󣬻ɵѾΪͬĸһĬֲҿ˳ľȻԸ
뵱죬ϸ΢ꡣ
֪ӾĿĺӱǿ̧ߡ
֪ӵĿధһ
Լʱ֪Ѿϲˣĸ뿪
׼ҰɣڵĻ׼ҵĿģֱ뿪Ҳᱻ֡
˵ţȻеǮ֪ӡ
룺ûîӻΪĸ֪ӷδ϶ù
֪û
ѾŮ˾ܾ˰⡣
һƯϰ׽仨ƺͷųСȵĺ֯һͷīɫĳĴšϡڴϢų˺ɽ
֪Ӻ
ڴʱ˿ȴܵͣ
֪ƴɽ·Ţӡ׷ȥϵľʧɫҲɱɽ·ʯӸƣڴĽŵ׶ʱѪ죬ѪҺȾ
ˤ˾µĻմˮҲν
һ̲ͣıš
·βʹֽſҪϡڼյ·ˤͷѪҲȻ
֪ƺѾоϵʹˡ
ֱӵӴ޷ʹõͻƽ硢ƫƧɽ·ִ̳֪ӲĿ˼ֳ󷢳Ǿı
ҵîҵĺӡ
ǹⰡΪ˼帶ô࣬ǲôı۰ɣˣǡ
֪ӷһϵİš
ȴǿа˵ϣֹ̳ϵ꿿
֪ӵָײܲ˵ڵץţܿͱѪ졢Ҳ̶á
ôģôͻƺɽĽģ
֪ǱӰʽˡ
ϸĽ̸֪ӶУ֪ż̳ϵѪ
һжԵޱȻ

׼֪Ⱳˡ
һǸΪϡɺ͹ɷ
һɰֶᡢ̫һĺӡ
ȴһûˡ
Ϊʲôأ
֪Ӳס
ʲô
ˣԶò
ĸ֮ĸӦڼ̳ĵîһѪҺµոɾһ˲䣬֪ӳױˡ
ΪʲôôĺӷǵöЩ໹ǵŬ𣡣ƾʲôܹϣ
Ů䣬ʺĬǶС
찡û۾𣿡
ֿ֪Цʹൽ޷
îîҵî
һеŮţŵӴһͻơ
ǿ츳ȴֻܹڼ˵ġľʹʹġŮʶȥĺһһεġΪǿ䡣
Ҫȥ
̫ˣϨˡ
Ϊ˶ŵ֪˺۵֣߾ȫңԶ
ŮѺ䣬ŤȥĶδɢꡣ

Ǽ̳ġǾ߲Ƶ˲Ҳ̶õʬкϣѹֵʼۼ
Χ⧲Ŀ£Σտµؼ鵮ˡ
մıɫ̵ѪɫȡڷΪ߰ףƤҲͬȾתΪɫ
ɭķ˹ǽβϤİ﷢ǵĵͺ
ȥ
ǿؼʦɵؼԺﱻ֣ıԣȼɱ¾ܡ
ֻҪܹɱһУųһзա
ֵҡ޷Χɱ¾ʼˡ

׼îϲĸס
Ը֮ĸױΨһһΪΪƷ񡢲Ϊĳɼˡ
ֻΪîԱš
İ
İ
îܹһƬǵĻɳΪ̫İ
׼֪îеĹ⣬ҪıᶨƵĶ
îҪԼĸ׹Ҹ֣Ҫκ˺
˭˺֪ӵĻǱΪǿȱˣҲ˲仯ΪµĶ
κ˺㡪
îΪ֪Ӷţ뷨
ֱĿȫǡѾڻججɱ¾ƽԻعԡ
ֱ۾ǰΪļ俪ʼӿ
ŤĹѾںɽվ˺׼ҵ
ʤʬ塣
׼˵ʬ塣
Ů٣вîϤס׷ˡ

Ϊʲô
î磿ôˣ
ס֡ǡ
Ѱ
߿߿Ҫң
ץî֡Ŭȥкڵϣﱧ˵ֳ־ϤİϣʶĴ󺰣
ŵĵĺȻֹĿ־壬ųļСָ˲îԺб
îŬһУڴ˿̱ˤ顣
û˻׷һֵɱ䡣
졣
ʲô
ٶ۵ĵôૡ
ȻĹ֪ķ֣ʲôȵҺϡϻ䡣
ǴŨζҺ塣
Ұʼ۽㱵תԼĺĿⶨǰ
Ȼĺʱʧججʶʱѡ
͵صɴ۾졣
ϢΣ˸һϷɵ졣
òײżһ䡪
ĸסˣ
ոջָԵîԼᴩ֪ؿڵ֣Ӳһ

ǡ
ʵ硣
ؼĦޡתһ˲
Ĺȥõġʵî䡹ϸڲϸ΢ĳͻ

1958꣬ҹ
һزҾУŻŮؿڱᴩˮ
ŮҪ̧סîûˡ
Ůſ죬Ҫ˵ЩʲôӿѪȴ²֡
[Բ𡭡]
Բӡ
[Բ𡭡]
ĴҪ¶ı顣
ʲô˵
֪ʹᡣ
Ϊʲô
ҲǡûҪģ
ʲô
֪ӱᴩؿλã඼ƻ
ûŶþȥˣ۾ٳ޷ϡ
îմȾ֪ӵѪҺ£մȾѪҺîǻعתΪѪɫơ
֪һŬҪȴδ˵ĻڱԺвĴҡ
îɴ˶ˡڵļ䡱Ϊʵļ䡣
[ΪʲôҪɱңî]
۵Ĺ֪ô
һ̡
ָǵ鱧ųʧȥϢʬ壬˼Ҫƺ˻
ʲô˵
Ƥ׷ֻֻް㲻ϵءϵءϵš
Ρ޸ΣѾƴ̶Ѿˡ
ڱ

ʲô
һС
صУĸף׷˵ڴΣ˱ûתδ
סԼĲӣͼԼĺɱļϵѪζĵŻôš
ȥɣΪʲôȥ

䡪
îԼ
Ϊ顭ĸ[ȥ]飬޷˶ϡ
޷ȥ

׼îݵֻ21̻ѤùĻǰˤڵϣ֧顣
ˤʵ̫ʹˡ
֮ʮҲâ
ʹ࣬־޵ĿմȾѪ
š
иԼȡļ
ûϣʮ꣬Զ޷ִﴺĺ
޷ȥֻܹȥѪȣǲĳͷ
ȹﶬî¼Ȼš
Ѿڴ졣
ֻĸ׵ĹȴܹԼ˳֡
ֱʮĳһա
һСƵůɫŮîҷӡĺɽլԺץס˹Ĺβ͡
żĸߴۣһƬڵ漣ǰС̫


179 
ҷʮĹ¼Źšãš
żԱͼΪΣƷԼԶҫ۵С̫
ȻԷȴִĳǰ
ǡııûаΣС
ŹŹҪӵ
ϲµĹβϲ굽߰Ĳ԰ͷ¡
·ȫԷĿֲ쳣֮
ȻȻġлԵĹһڹ¼ŵ̫á޷ܾâǣ鲻Խı
С֡
Ȼ̫䵽ġ

һɰС̫
Ȼĸ
¼ŵʮ꣬鶼ѾӲ
ܳĹ֪ԼܲԼĸһѾʾ֭߾ȫȥõĳ
Ӧòɣ
Ӧûְɣ
ʮƽҸ;вۣҲõ漣
㻹ǵԼ𣿡
Լߵĺһ㳤󣬽Ӳüܹ¶ȻЦݡ
Ϊʲô㻹ܹЦأ
һ衢֪ĸ׵λԵ࣬Բ԰׷ĹŻƻĽ⡣
Թצ
Դ1958꿪ʼǡʹδֹͣ
֫ڰμڹ밵Ľ紦һ汳޷ͻĹһǰȥӵԼľꡣ
޲þһȥֲǻġ
ȥΪһĸףȥˣȥΪνݵʽܱ޷졣
־ĻôܻٷͬĹ

ؼĦޡͨȷǷĻڹԴ˷Чϵ
һ˵׷󡸰ĦޡˣǱĥص
Ҳû
ԷΪġ㲻ġ
ԷġǺǻ
ֱ治塣
˵ʥɮĻվֻǸһתĹߡ
ֻ΢Ŀһ˲һ˲
Ȼ󶵶תתջǰ׼򡪡ڹأ˶еĽ

ʵ
ڶΡٹҹСս

зġʡӶʧһҪ鱨Χ۲ĸԱһʱϱ
һһ˲ָܲӦ
Ǽææٳ䵱ͨѶߣٵѯ˽ֳȻš
ԭȵļƻڿִУοܹƳս
ʲôˣصġʡͻȻʧˡ
˵ʲôȥƻˡ
𣿡
Ӧòǰɣ淴鱨ʾһʡƻλԶġ
ָӲһ߿˽һСĽ̸š
ȷʵǣʦʡƺǺܸʦڲ½ʱ趨ңֱܹƻ谭ĻҲòŽͷöôáֶ֯ȥѰʡڵýˡ
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һԱȻյµϢԼ˾ڵĸˡ
ԱзԸ
Ϊ߲Ҫ֮һΪ쵼˵ȥ
˵ʲô
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˼ţһɳȡ
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ǣ

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ڿеĦޡʧȥâǹλָԭ״ڵ棬ȻǱڸĵͼдߡ
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¾ĽɫȻɢҲֻǹ塢վԭһ
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Ȼءصֱֻͦͷɴ棬ǳ԰׵ͷ˳䡣
ϰǰɫƿʼԶ׼ѺۣɫҲѪ̰İԽޡ
ǱȼĻһ㡣
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գǸӵֻЩдӡǡ
Ƶɢƺʲôĺ뱯î
ԹĿ
î
ġͬԹĺô죬
ǿѹʮġŤѪҺڵõɡ
ЩȾѪѵĻɽһ㿪ʼîյһͿǶɴ
ǰδеɣǰδеɣǰδеĻ֡
СԡĹеصһУΪˡɵĹϲ顣
СԡĹΪ䱦һУΪˡɵĹ֮Աǵ顣
îϵϱȾѪ̶Ե
ڣЩնϡ
һ̧ͷ۾հĺҲŲֻǵĹٶȱʡǵգչ˫ۣĹβչļ̣ڶĻϢκι˼ɵͷš
յĹϴŻõЦݡ
ѪϢޱȰġ
ȥ
ŤΪԴӡ֣õϵĽ
ɣ
鲼硣
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ԡĹߡ
ɵĹɱ¾档

ǿ׼îҲǿ
Ȿ鷳谭ǡ˰λ֮ľȻһʱˣƫƫһ࣬һ䡣
\һ롢Լһ΢Цૡ
Ϲûսʤǵκһλİ취
îʽڼʮǰѾܱ޷õ
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ûɱ˺׼î
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ӡһеġŽͽһġĦޡ
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ǸʱȻ֡
îɱһевĴڡ׵塣
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ͬʱǿĶȻҵĽ֡
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îӮˣˡ\ֻҪץסîδ˲áɣͿջǿı
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ΪԼŵġǱȻʤĳ롣
ˡվһߡ
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ҴҸصڸ߿գǡǡ·̧İ׷ߡ
սɣȥսɡ
վڶϵֻһ
\ţӰŵǰõʧ
һƬžУȿڵ
ɬдųŵ𾪡



180 
̣ѪҺһ㡣
ָ²δκβʣúƤ׷ޱɡ
ֻ̫ܹ˼ˡ
ĦޡǿĨȥԭڹ̶îԵġ׵ױΪͬҹߵġ㡹ǰ㣬ûǰľ˼
ӳ̶˵ҹؼߡ㡹ʧȥ˺׼֪ӡǸͬΪؼߵ顸îϵΪܵˣڴʱԳ̶Զ硸㡹
îȷֲŵĺҲлӡ
Էʱǿˡîܹʶ¡
Ҳ˶ˡ
ԼҺӡʧصġѾױմֻΪĵĻȥСһзա
ԷʱǿˣǺΪԼжԵʦΪࡣ
ôֻҪܹɱԷͿԽΪԼв
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βνӴĹؽײ졣
ڵʽȷ˲䣬îǵĺȻȾ
Ұ羫Ⱦ㲻նʼġĩƵ֮îеޱȵϲ밲ġ
Ҫŵġɡʵ
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î˫صħУֻʣɱ⡣

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۾ɱĶţһЩᱻĿɲϢëȻǺ
˶Լָ⣬ӲĿסԼӦӦ
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Ҳ֣ѵĳ˳ǣͼӵîѹŨɱ⡢¶ȥһЦʱı鿴ûԵ̫֡
ѽîҵˡ
ھĬ󣬺Ȼøɬɤģִ́к
ǹȥڱСѶкΥ͸еˣһȫƵֵļȻ
ΪîǺܹųߵÿһˡ
ӲΪԷϡݺǣֻǺܵҪȥݺ͹ػѡ
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׷ʦϲ˵ֻԽԽɬ
Ŷ飬죬ԾĴһ˿ź
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գۼĹսƱá
ҧˡ
ţˣҪԼġۡóĽۣȥ˷ʱ䡢ĺ
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î
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ΪֻҪʧһΣӭľǲתġ
Ҫô
ԴӸרʱڰܸһΣڼǰîνӴʱܺʹ˼ʹݺݵضԼѾܹƵ϶⣬޵֡پóսîС
˽սĶԳ岻ɱǷƷ˵棬˿ɲĵۼ
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ţî棬ͼӶԷ۵׿һ˿˿Ķҡ
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Ϊǵһѹסղòһ¡
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îͷŶֵˡ
üǼȮҲ֮¶ġź⡢˼˿ȸԾħۣΪΣա

ȵЦһ
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롣
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ΪʲôԼҪӵ˺վڶ棿
ΪʲôԼζҲİ취
򷴻ţһʹҧ뵽

սɣɱ¾ɣевɱɡ
ġ˰ĵġɡʵɣ
ȸԾĹﲻϵĵţϵ롢ֵĹȻеġ
һһĺײҪٵۿڡ
Զδȫ롢ĿҸܵ·ҪеĽսƽ񷢳˼С
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ԴîϵƱȰԴ޺ֵԽԽƵ
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һĦгø̫ѧļ棬Ȼȥֱӽתס
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ΪרУɺĳԱ֮һǰʱ为Ҳֱӌӡ̵ʶҹԣ΢
ʵҲ֪ϾîһֱܹǸûǴ
Ȼ˶٣ҹ䣺ǣҼǵǼһں˵ΨһûалʤĵČ֡

зġʡƳͨѶźŻָ̽ǱߵĶڿɽŵĻ侲Ŀݷɿתš
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߽һڿҲǰé
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ȻۿɬٶȿԼĦУȮѺõůɫɱᡣ

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Ҳ˵ţ뵽ԼļˣҪһֱչǵî뵽˿սеĲݣ뵽ûôսͬ顣
ӵҪ֮˱˺ʹģԽҧ񾭡
ܹܵҲ飬ֻҪҲҲܹ˳ġİ¡ĬƬ̺󣬽Ծ
ˣҲʹŶ
ûϵ
ôˡ
˼ѡĻҲܾϾǸĺӡ
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ɫƿʼ鲼ҲȫʶȻ˯
ȡ֮ģһָΣյͬҰްĴڡ
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бĻ̧϶ı֮ͽ
--------------------
лҪ˵
*1 ǰĶ衣


184 
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ңΪʲôǸɫͷСڻֶ
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֮ǰ鵽ĹżŹĺŮĹ*1
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ʢƽʱϣعЩ֣ⲻ˼֣ԵԹİڻϵģȻǺͽͬȳ̶ȵ䡣
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һֱîߡ
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î¼ʹʮ꣬îδֹͣᣬһֱĺӹֵͬš
Ϊʲô״ɡ
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лҪ˵
*1 żĹ£155д


185 
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ʧȥǰîȻ֪ĵãΪĸµĶԾԲᶯȥƻ
ʧȥǺîȻ䵱ı\еƻһйܱ٣Ϊ֪ӵʶûȫɢ˺֪ӽϵԾʣЩ΢ɼĲмî󱳡
Щ֪Խҡҡ׹ԽԽĲмǡîħۡӾä
ҲΪˣʶûбʧصîƾ豾ܽ
λѾ׺׻лЩʲô
ҲǼɢ֮£ѡȡᡣ

ġͨһîϵԹ齥Լӵе
Ů츳̫ǿԳʼͱӡš޷ʹáңֻоȵľʹܹ࣬ͻơһһεľ䡣
ĽҲ֪ܲ˵ǡȼۡ
Ůһһεľ䣬ÿ˶˵޷
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޷Ů֮䣬ǷܹһŮľأ
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ϾŮʵټԱ˱
ңڼʹ;вܹѵ˭ھô֮󣬻Ϊ˱˶óһһεľأ
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Թ飬ʹʮŮƫִԹ顣
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ݺɱţƫִͬİκӡ
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ҪǴ

֪Ҫîϵ䡢Է黯
䣬ǺӵģȻҪîԼûֹ
֪ϣî뿪ϣԼĺЩ֮ǰı˰ϣîɷؾۣȻɷһ𣬸ƣĺһӵ
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һֱǵĽ

費ϣ뿪Լĸס
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طŮۿͨ죬΢Ƶĺ顣
Ưȴǵȥӵ
ȻȴŮĲл˳Ůڡ


186 
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îΪʲôһֱںɽأһ˲į𣿡
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ϾŮҪصľʹࡣ
ǲǵʹıΣѹͿԴɵģҪʧȥһϣâɥʧǰ֮ȼĳŭĴܹɹ
ššֵиļѲҼǿĲ裬Զﲻ
ϡ

Թ鸽ʲôõ顣
䡣
ԹĿʹ벻ʣҪ
µΪˡͬĴڶԾɱЩڴϣĲ޷䡣
ǹ·Ⱦһ㣬ڲͣĽϣ͹âɴ
ͷԼ΢΢˫֣ʹı̧ۣͷԶ顣
ҵԼʵǲϣðְʹ൱С
Ůš
Ϊȫ֪ӵĲл꣬лʶŵЩֲҡ
ΪǸʱһֱѹһֱûֹͣ
˵ڵ˳֣˵㲻ʹࡣ
ԣԼԭʵֻҪɿֶѡ
֪ӵļ以ཻ֯š
Ů䣬ʮ궼޶ӴʼȸԾӿ
ŮĽͻˡ
˲俴һۣȻȻ˲
ԼԼĿԼá
ۿС˵ԣӦҲʳ԰ɣ
ϿǻǼСҲ۰ĺӣˣһ㣬ְҲԭҰɣ
طŮ˾
î
ӡî

ҪĲЩ
һɣؼŽΪ·ʯ㶪˫ֽһ
Ůѵġһһεľ䡣
֪ӵͬʱ𣬴ŵȥЩȻȴͬѹΡ
˵ɣ䰡߰ɣ߰
ӴȻŷŤڱ졣

îԼ˯˺þá
ڰɣ˻جج
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֪Լ˭֪Լʲô
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îԶ޷ͻĹһεĳ֡
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Լɱˡ
Լɱ׷ĺ׼Ҳ¡
Լɱˡĸס
ǣʹһ·Ҫһ˺ѡ
ڵϡ
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ֻһΣΧû˵ǹҲû˶Ͷ־Ŀ⡣
ֻһΣ˭ߵǰֻסڵص顣
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ŵ̧ͷ죺ĸס
ŵİ׺׷ݸɾһĸ߹
õģںĺٶ

֪ӴδԼĺӡ
ǰ˵ģһ䡰Բ𡱡
ԲҾȻӡ
ʲôΪʲôҪɱҡʡ
û˵
ᴩе
ܵî˻þͻڱ֮ΪԼĸš
ڣ֪ܹúÿˡ
Զ㡣
Զ㡣
һֱǵĽµڣҲδʧ
Ҳûзκ
ǡģĸף衢ûйϵ
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֪ӵĻ
һһʹţЩ㱣֪ΪʲôῴһС
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ԻϨˡ
ɱǣǱúҡ
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ҪôһԼ񼫵ıԼأ
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֪ӴӲΪ˭֪ȫ󣬻ĺӡ
ϾЩ׷îˣôš
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Ǹеĺӡ֪˵в˭𣿡
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ΪĵķӦԼܡԶƺŸԼԼߡ
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㶵۾޴ĸȻãĿܡǲ֪ߣڵء
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һɲס壬ȻԲ۾һգգĿîֵ֮Ӱ
֯Fźɫβ׷ڷϤİվԭء
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۽΢󻺻۾


187 
ʱڵîʱڵܴȻͬĳ࣬˵Ĺ۸ȴǷ츲صġ
ǲǷɫɫ⣬ҪǾʡ
îɥüĿЦţĨȥ³ء
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γɵĺʱº͵һۺϣʱˢî˵ɥУڻ֮ʲɵĻ㱸̾îǰȷҲ21Ѱ
21꣬鵽ִѧûҵء
ҴֵֻŵèһԲ۾죬Ŷ鶨Ĭ룬βʶʲô
ǣټ¶ŵı飬ϽŤͷ۲裬ֶһ룬̾˿Ĩ˰
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˵žʹһ˿ʵ⣬ɤһȣҿɺþûˣ
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ߵҶ컨һ·Զ
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ͷ·δһ
ǻкööĹҪ
ǻкöİҪ
ѪԵţָ

2018ڶΰٹҹУڳĻ
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