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3 
йڣĴй֮ףҲǷƽģƹĴй١
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ps.һԪдĲãǻջе㲻дˣϲıǿֱɡ鶼ϣҪ¡ԺҪ̵һԪһֱӸ½ʾٿǾ˵ģôա


4 
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5 ߵ
лûҵʵĻѯʣûҵ
һĹ򣬿̹Ǳת˲ţѾʯСһǽӰ
лѰţԥҪҪҲŷײǽȻû׼ǰȻһɾ޴Ӳק˽ȥ
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ɶϷɱɰ׵ңлʪζ
ԭһȦǹǽ߽ġ롱
ҲֱᣬųϱϢĳˮȻ̾
ҿˣ֮֯ԻһȦֽǽԭΪңΪ˷ֹμ룬ŵȷûһˣȴҲûһǶɷôġҺôһˡ
лվڴ̫´˸սβŽֽǺ«һС̯Ĭϰ졣
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л˳ŷŴ˼ζĿ⿴ȥһ㶡
Ŀ֮һϤܸϤСƹݣС͡
СƹݸװζƣƹǰһЩ߸һҰײӣ˵ӭƣ˵˳ʱõְᦡ
ǰһٲңһ˺ǿסᲱϻ֦״Ź֣Ҷ޷ȴ졣
վھƹſڣЦӯӯƴ͵òŮӣǱˣǺ
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֪ʲôʱ𣬺Ѿûھƹſվţ̳ߵϻԱߣһؾƿ̸
׹һСβͣǸ˫٣СŮ޶ͷС۾ȴر󣬴󵽼ռСûüëҲֻССһ㣬˫۾ⲻ䡣
ͺ̸ؾƿͣŰһӳۣưƣԶۿȴ̫Գ⸡ɫ
˵ǣȻǱϻķû¶⿴Ӱ֪һһ첻رǮˡ
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л㶿һǾƿͣٵͷԼһ顣
ۣԶɶҲûнڵ壬ֵǵǰӡû׼仹ùŸý˿ɣһöƽ۴Сο
һеһУ޲ʾǾƿ͵ݡ
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һ٣ñȷŸСȻҲ֪ԼΪʲôͣ㿴СޣС޴۴䣬СССӣҲ߯ˣֱƤСãһ㲻ϲţѵ濴ôȻڼڵļޣҲһ١
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˵ͬʱڵӣȻۿµһ·лűߡ
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ģл˲ð亹ˡ
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ʵϰڣС㣬ҵʲôĶпԭ
Сʾ
ɵxǼ١šûǸôԵȻɣ


6 
Ǳ߻䣬лʶһָһâ㱻˳Ƶڼٷŵֱϡ
˲䣬ǯֱ֦ۿɼٶȣѸٻһѺ̿
⧲лһǵ͵̧ͷŷûˣֻиˣеˡ
ǰٷŵֱȻûˣȴһʹ֮ɫüëһԺڹ¡˵Ŀͷޱ顰šл
ŵвҲԭ򣬼ٷŲлҲҶ
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ãٷŷ·ڿʲôǰһֻõֳлƤڣָ繳
ͬʱٷǽ򣬻ЦһĨĻȣȥûͷƵģԼͷںţл̽
лٷŵľƤɿ壬һѱˮֽһѹһ𡣶ңĺ·һ紦֪ʲôʱ𣬾ѿһСڡ
żٷŰѲԽԽ·ѿҲԽԽһųݵԨ޿ڣһھҧлԴ
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ŵϣ־ͳлһӣ䵽ܵˮɱһһٶл㲻Ҫ㲻㲻Ҫʹ÷Ҳ㵽ô뵱һڼ۽ȥĹô
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ҲܶǶֶ֣û취һƮһҡͷѾеҧгˣû⣬Ƕɷѹ֮óȻǶ֣óģ㣡ʱô飬ЩʵĻ
˵ʲô˻û⣿۸лү񲻺ô
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۾ȳȥʱˣΪʲôҪܣ
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һӲôš
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ڣŴлҲƵӽһƾɵĿڣѸٹţϻ˼ʱϢ䣬հֵĹ궼ƹȥ


ֱֹƽһûˣлŸҰſ򣬴ƾľмխխһ͵
Ӧûлʱ죬Щ׷ԺҶлˣָ֪ϢΪѾڳУԻָƽģɢȥˡ
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˵ֻһˣҪֵˡĬΣԸһЩֵҵȥҼܵúܿ죬֣ˣʲôɾĶˡ
˵öԣӦȥɳ˿һڳУÿʱڳУʱŻ԰һЩҲ͵˳㻹ؼԱͬڵϵĸ첲Է°ˡ
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лɫӵĿ뿪ͻȻе㲻
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ˣ뵽ʲôطԾˣ
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Ŷʵ˵Ҳ׼ȷΪлһԼѾ˵ġ
˵˲֪ԼѾˣټ֯룬ϰֻĻʵλһסֽ֮ǽ
Ψһһλ֪ԼѾȥȴ뵽ڹһ֯Ӵִһֻҹڵġǡ֣ʱԼѵġˡžǷֻеĳˡ
֪ȥ˭ˡãźȻ߬ȭͷұһѡôĵĶ׷Ҽסƨˡ
лҸ㣬ҽܲãǼνĳôá
㰲飬ҲǰʲôԩִֱӰԭسˣϱҵܶ࣬Ӳһǰ㡣һ٣ȭͷ߬øԽԽģͰ͵ġ̫ˣǰܽҴȱҸղһ̾Ͱȫˡ
лҪ˵
ףԪ֣µһȻڣһͰ~


7 
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һûô棬ʱͦ
ײҪǷΪ²֣ȫɱСپ˵ȫܰ˱ѹԭسȵɱС
רɱģ˵ôһ仰
ûֻҪһΣȰɵӡ
ǵĳü˵λÿڲŻصУ֪ӰôչǺĵߵʵϣλӦÿҹﶼڳУŻ᷵ء
˵뵽ڹĸм빩֮Լʱ̱ǣִʴμ֮⣬ǻ˵ĵط߻¾лһ߻ļˣò̾һ䣬ȷʵǺô
ֻǹˣ͸ˣӦû˯λȻôִùһڹģԼǰΪֹŬˣԼҲءճϢĹأڡЪϢټˡ
Ǽġ
˭лȻôһ⣬óסɣƨߵߵȥأ
֮лĻҹ֮ǰŽɴӲ֮˫߳ȥ˵˵סԼû⣬˵ҲҪϳ⣬Ǵȥʱž;ãʵл˻ͦϹèӵġ
ΪлȷʵԸǵĳˡ
ңλסĳ񻹺֮ǰԤĲ̫һ
ΪӰ̫ˣ̫ƽˡӷ䲼ֵСĲãٵԺ󻨲ݣĳһģһ
ңԴӷһֻ̤ţܵſڵټ̧ͷܿͷգ߰磬ߺҹ澰Ȼ֪ʵȫڹ֮Уǲĳ˵
ΪǼ֯еļ룬һһͻʱɢ
֯ͲᣬϾֻҪ֮˻˯ţα㲻ѡ

أִߣɷϲѡֵط֯룬һ֮ʢ֮ǰϵ֮˵С
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ҪһЩرĻԵ
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λȴˣЩСټϰλ֯룬ЩҪξÿ֮ʱὫξ֮ͨ״ͨͨչԴԴϵִ侫ҹֻжξǵϵùелǵϢѭɴﵽԶѵءڱĿġ
ҲΪγй궼˵ǳÿڲŻأʧԭ
Ͼʱʱ̶̿ţΪġ족ˣǱȻǴ򲻿ŵġ
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лʱе㲻ˣΪݷ˵һμ̫εĹʧͣͻ
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Ǳᣬŵȵ÷ˣѾ£ԼϺõĲˮ
ŰȲ裬лҲȡ
лڸսǻ㱻̹ǼеƷЩõԵŵġ
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Ϊ̬ȣƺڲžͻἴݣȥѳԭسˡ
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ڳڷŵ֮ǰʱˡ
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ΪԳܷŵôãиһֵˡ
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ԣǰŸƫлЦӭȥʼ༸ѻȰѹϵϣóôȽǣǹܡ
ǡлƵЦ
֪Ϲû˵꣬ͱϡ
ջ͵ĳȻ¶Ȼ֮ɫлһ񣬰лһ㶡
ضԣ֪˭̹ȻסᵽǵʱҾ룬ѾֳôĶô
һ仰ѷŶ˵վ²ؼغȲˡ
ΪģǰֻɷɷЩһ
ֻɷ֪Լˣһֱѣңܡ
û´һǴе޳ɣǰ־̸ǵǡ϶صͷ
Ȼ
ۡ
ֻɷʹڻɷ֮󣬻Լǰе顣
Ҫ֪ɷֻǿԼǰִ֮ġ
һǶһЩѣҲǻҵģӦǰøûǰô߼ġ
·Ϊӡ֤ŵĲ²⣬ֶʩһ񣬲ҿʼԱ
ʵڱǸµˣ˶λ£ΪֹѾʮ졣
԰ԱתһƣԴǿУϸЩż
Ȼλȴʱ̬λϿҵԺһɡǰеδԸԺ
Ժлüͷһ塣
˵Ǹĵط
ǿлĳɣְøһЩñȷŸеλЩɣΪһλкܸɮ£ҡٹزסˣұ֮ǰٺң̧ͷһۡ
˶٣˪ƵȻȻ˲֪ȴ֪һǽ֮ٲܼĻͻġ


8 
࣬Ǹˣͽ֮䣬Լֻʮ߰ꡣͷܸߣκִܵվԭصʱ򣬼΢΢ǰţüеǳơ
ңϴ·Ȼܸɾȴƾɣɫ˵һֲխ䣬ЬԵкԵĥ
ɷϵǣ˽ܺãžµҵСү
¶л˵λȥԺ
ԭ֪лܰŲܡ
лİתȥһ㣬ѯʵĿ⿴ţȻɽüͷס²ţûԡ
лӦˡ
ܴ˵ƫڸǼԺȴǴصϷҪȥԺôȡ´·лţ
һ·޻
ȿߵԺʱźȻڸп֪ڵһ͸ùĽαطЩۡ
ȴֻЦЦ
Բʵֻ߲ܾѶִ󡣡˵һǣЩ޴ȥ꣬ҲԼߣҪǣϢͻ
ֻҲףΪǺܿͻ
֮⣬лͷ̫ˡ
޳ոչλ£˽֮еģл˦˸Ҫȥİۡ
һܶ࣬޳ȴֻһԡҶԣֻһȺҪ鷳˵ɵӣ˴֮䲢޷ֱ𡣡
ԣ½Ųһ١
⻰˵ʵѾܲòˣĹˣ㲻ŭ϶ٶֵ㼫ŵֻǼɲĵһüѸȻˡ
ȷʵˡתЦѾ̫̫꣬Ųµˣǿһ޴
ۼžҪͷûã»кܴлæºͷм䡣
˼
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ʲôʲôҲŲ£ˣǰ󡣡ã֪û壬ʲôԭ򣬷źȻֿظһ顣
ѵмǵĹ׼˶ԷԼײᷢŭ㽫Сαװȫж£չʾĳ
л
ڣ˵ˣٶ˵䣬¾ƢˣҲҪָı
Ȼʹºٺã˿ҲЩܲסŵơ
֪䣬ѾԺˡһձСľţ߬ȹǵָ飬žһ´ȣеҡʷţҲǷˣѵʹûʲô޷µ飿
޹ءɴ䡣
£
ۼְˣлæؿڴԲʱѻһתָǰСľʣص˭
л߻䣬žͰͷһתһϿҲٲ족ĸ߰Ͳͷ
ҲǸῴɫģвʻлһʵشδޣżҵŮ㡣
żҵŮ㣬С
ףΪʲô
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û߬ȹǵָؽڱøˡ
л̾ˣһѯʷţ㲻ǲˣ
һʼʮ̹Ȼ⡣
л
ȫڡ
ı˴˴۵СۣĬ˺һᡣ
˵ûҳΪŵӣ˵ҲǸޣ˼Ǹʣʹʱϣǿϣ޹ȥҲֻ檡лΪ²ϣҺпܾʹ߳ŭʱºȻ̾𡣡Σ޸˭ȼ޸ҵģûǰ;˺á
Ʋһ޶ԣ˸ʲôҲ㲻ϡ
ʲôҲ㲻⼸˵꣬˶ñȷŸɥЩ˵øСˡ
ֻͨˣȴ벻ͨΪױ˻飬ϼ޵ңͶءż˶ΪаŴаķ䣬ҽӽãÿĥԼ˽ڹ֮н룬ʱⷨӣҪмһ棬˵ҵ⣬ҪΪ̵ѹԸˡ
ŵһƬУȴЦˡ
źڵһ̡
ûҳ˭ʱȷʵû취Ūڳϵ£ڳҵˣȥĹ¶ˣƺܺ׾µֻƬץԼص㡣
׻˵һѣûԼôġŴһŹֵЦ⣬ĵҽʱеסһЩǰ֮࣬Ծ֮ˣΪʲôҪˣżʲôԹΪʲôϼ㣿Ųµִʲô£Ȼ˰æҪѻ˵ҪЩԹ԰ҲҪ˵һһ롣
߬ȭɫȻһݡ
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˵ţǰָ̧£϶ҿЩ󣬱жɷɷΪ˻ȡ˺ܶ޹Ϊ˲ˣû´̫࣬ǼҴһȥ˰ֹиûɷôЩϵõĲżϵĲʵֽŰɡ
һĬ
·𱻲ƵģºȻ߷˦һ䣬ԳӦеķ꣬ûǰʲô߬Զһ㡣
ʱлȻ;Լеࡣ
ˣд˲ͷܣҲʱ̺ɱɻʶͰѸռϢȫռˣлһ⣬ʲôҲ岻ϣվԱ߿ֵġ
ǣŵ𴩺ȷʵʼͶˡ
ðɣ˵ΣڵͷȫģΪҲġ
ΪҼҺżҲֹлԼҼûûǰҲĸȹٵżҵĶҡ˵ҲΪЩ£ٵŻͷͬҶŮΪףֻǡ
л»įԾҵ˺ʵĲ廰ᣬæʣֻʲôٿû󣬲ԸŮ޸ˣ
ûô򵥡ҡͷ
ദúܺãٴҲƣϧ游Ҽû˳ûˡʵǸʱͿЩ⣬û˵Ҳú󻹰ҽӵȥ£ĶչˣҰĶ飬һʱֲܻ̿ΪԼС֮ĶȾ֮ˡ
Ǻٶҵ̬ԽԽ䵭Ĵ֪ԭҿ㣬ٵϢһ뽫ңմŵķ⣬һȴ˻飬ԸԼʶٳδж
ŶҶˣԹżҶ𱨣ƶɡ´һβҪлԼʱ໰ٴ̲ס°͵
֪¾Ȼҡҡͷ
ûУҲԹ˵
׵ΪŮıǰ̣ʵǺӦ£º󣬱Ҫȥ˻飬ȻԶġ˵⣬ƣı˱ۣʵҵʱţҵȻ˻飬Ϊ˹֪֮ҺΪʲôƲҡһ˵˵ȰҪȥ檣¼޸һͨĸáΪǳк𾴣仰˵ֻҪٲ˼ңȥﶼίظ檡
ǡվһ
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ô˵ŵʲôҲŲˡ
Ҽǵãʱٲ֪д㣬Ҿ㣬׼˻ǰһԸҹΪɣҾҩºֽ̧ĴѾߴϡҵʱҩ˯һʲôûų̡ųϼ.Ѿߣǡǵʧ׵ĿŮӵڶʱȴֻҡ
֮ٵ֮£Һɫݣ.۳дѾߵȻһҹ֮ȫˣЩûİգȫ¶⽲Ļɫ·Լһ㣬û죬Ѿ߱ΪܲסѹڲϵˣҺĻ£ԺҲ˳µĽˡ
ֻǡֻҺ׮½󣬳аռұϳŸֿʼһ𣬴ΪԸԼµĴȢǴѾ߹ţȻʸżңԲšŻڰԼϵļ󡣡
лҪ˵
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9 Ը
ʵ°ѻ˵⣬Ѿԣ¶ٽ
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ϾһƽʱɵģմϲǽǸ˸õǷѾȥһѾ̶ˡ
ЩѾ̶ģûŲѾʴȣĻȥ
Ͼ֣ľԶֻѾ̶ǸˣɾǰԼҲڱ˹ľˡ
˵ǰл˵ûɣǹҲǱҵǮ
Դʱ˿̣л̫ףеİΪλ侮ʯ
ڲǲ֣¾ȻΪޡ
Ҳֲл⣬Ƥͺƽֹģˡʱ򣬽ͷβΪԭͱŵ飬͵мʮΣᵱ괺ɽее㵨ɫģܵ治ɫΪ١
ôɣлһƤȳǽսǻҪ⡣˵䲻ģƤѾҲ򲻴ĵزһ˵ģүүģүֹû壬еֱųʲô»Ļ첻̬ȡ
лͦƤˡ
治⡣Ǵϣϣлʵܶµıͬܡ
л˵Ǹͦ˵ʮαװˡԾԴ˸дԴµ̬ȣȴʼնºĵġ
Ϊÿ˶ÿ˵࣬ʹףҲñƴ
ôţл֣ԸʲôΪԼԩô
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Ȼϵһ˲䣬л׷֮ǰûƭ
Ϊһ˲䣬лȻǰһף¹ȥʮ
Լ޳л룺ǣ׶һȫļ䣿
ȫʮļ䣬ǺõģǻģҪģȫлǰչûаܡ
ڲǵ£޼ɵȡԷļ䣬Ƿ֮ɼ
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ڵһˣºֵܼûǺܿƣȻָֿ
µıһŨ׵ĺۼݱһž޴ֿ˵ͣϵı顣
һδ񣬵ΣҪдҥ֮ˣʮ겻ԡ˵
ɵļȻԲ۾ŭŭԭֺΡ
лգգۣȻĿԽ£ĺͷá
лףǺϱԿԭ˵ģʵǡʮ겻ԡǡԡ
һҪżҴӴܡлӦô򵥣еˣһڼ򵥵лһ߬סл֣ҲҪ̫ܣҪĻȥ
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ŶһЩҪȴݲĵԸҲԥĶԸ
ҲգڶԸ򵥣ΪⱾӦõģˣȷʵи
뵽ЩӭڴĿ⣬л֣һ
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СҪ㣬Ҫ׽ɣҺˣҲҪٰøˣҪһ𡣡
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ȻֹҪףҪ
£̫֡ųСֻܲжûԹ㲻Ը
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ΪʲôֻҪأ
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ΪòҪĻӦ°ѲԽԽϵƤ䣬ʧʽǽƤһһ׵ЩˣЩȴţĵһˡ
Ƥ棬ǱյĨڣٵһ
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10 
һ裬лȻԼʱЩޡ
ޣ˼壬޹ƽӴģһЩλ꣬Թɷ֮ࡣ
ΪʲôѶлҲιֳԹϤ
ϤϤ۷̥Ҳչֻ۷̥
仰˵лʱֻܸܵЩԹĴڣʵ
ֱԹۿ˷лǴϻΣͷһ⡣
лһҲûоʧ롣
ôһ˲䣬лֻֽźȻȫ˱˵ģȻضˡ
ܿ죬ǿհ׵ģл¿ǰʱѾվѹµͷѹùڵϣ
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ȥ죬û˸ȥΪʬֻէجĵȥˡ
֣Ȱ׼Լļˣһˮԧ졣
һδСѾͷҪȥHĵطѾյòʣʲôˣȥմ
㲻ҪôʵۣĸϣԼŮá
ˣʵǸֵи֮ˣûϢ䲻ġ

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ָĶߺ춹ԽԽ࣬еĺڣҲԽԽŨ
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11 
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12 
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13 
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14 
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15 
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16 
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17 ˮ
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ҵȻ
ׯ˻һɵʹţһվʹץסׯļгɫĹ⸡
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Ȼ̴̾٣ȫʫȴɣҩߵġ


18 
ׯ꣬廨ڵӣ٣޷С
ΪͻȻЩܻңҲǰʵʱģлҪ߾ȫо񣬲ǿһϢУ΢õġ
ΪЩ䶼̫ϸˣת˲š
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ԷׯĻӦׯձﲻʱɶ˵ġ
٣ԼǺˤϵˡ
Ȼ˼ζãǵֻǱ˵ļ䣬˵Ӱô󣬵˭л񱾾ǸʧŵˣôһͨǶЩˡ
ϻµʶͬһأлоԼȫȫׯꡣ
ׯùЩҩЩԼ
лʹ֣Ǹలҩ

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СлҪȻˣôߵor2
ָӪҺ̫ڿ죬Ҹо㶼Ρ


19 ˫
Ȼʧȥͷŵϵлܽꡣ
Ⱥͷʧȥϵлģ⵹ĺˮ
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ׯԸׯҲԸġ
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ŵаۣǸźׯҩС͡˵а۵СΪׯţˣɷŭϽ˽ˣʬȫһס
ŶЩˣ˵ףкܶôʵˣԶԶһȥгɶѵĶ֫׹ףɷ̫أʮ겻ˡ
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~
һܿɰСϸڣǿor2ǲǱorzƨɸһ㣬Gٺw


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źǴڿģΪ·ͻȻʱȫû׼һ¾ˮ׵ı͸Ͱ͹ϣԵ
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ѭԭֵֻŴʮ֣ٱʮֵؿֱֳ˶ƭȥ
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˽ɣɶ㳤٣㴫棬˰˰һͲˣᶯǧġ


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գۼ, մѪˮָüǣȴۿɼٶϡ
ͬʱ, ǿűèƵʯٿ, һڵͫ
ǱöϤķ, Ȼֹһ䲻, δζ
лóѹټûã¹ëܸٹ̣˿̺ȻŵôصѪɷζסûѾңǳӲʹ
л⣬СֹŲΪʲôͼɶ֫ɵذȻ俪˻
չʢתţɻվһѪܵ
óˣˣǶһǿûѪˮ
޹ǣ⣬ۣ޿ڣֻһںɫָ̧лʱָ⻹Ѫ
Ѫ˵ʱл׷Ϊλֹˡ
ΪѪȫ´붼ˮܶôһѪ۴ķ濴εĿŷء
䷶廹á
ȫԶһ㣡ڴﰵԳţпնǸѪˮ۶ɵ˻𣬡ֻƷֻȥǡ廨ȫƭӣƭӣ
л
лͷ˿Լϴ·˵ȻӻỵôѲ
ԾׯӰô׼
ң˵⻰ƺպЩв²⣿
廨ڡ廨ڡ
ı伮Ͽţ
ǵ伮Ϻдţ
Уǰ廨ڱӻˮ³аסʬ䣬죬廨Լ㲻ɵȥǲԶȣҪ֣а
˵аɶ˲ٵӽȥǶ廨Ӱǣͷˮ³в˸ɱ󣬲ŽǿƽϢ
ûǴĻһӰϺǴδսû˵ģʮ״ӣһСˣʲôҲûʣ¡
ɽŵײŵ
лɨһۣӣôôЩ廨ڳϵ
л˵վлԴ˱ˣĬ˺󼸲׷Զ뿪л
״̬Բ̫ԣҪʱ仺ͣǡûԽͳû֮༸䣬Щʱ䡣
ֻɣׯ껹òںδء
СмĶţ֪ׯںɵǲһġ
Ϊβšҿһ̽ĽΣ֪྿Ϊˡ
Ǳ˼Ƭ֮лڱѧżгѵģͷɺɣôܺͿ˵
ºͣȻǳ⣬˿֮⡣
ôһºʻһ£ذĻ΢΢ûɱСһЩ
СƯЩƬƵļƬǽѪɷģһʱҲ˼úңһʱԼûһʱּԼѾˣһѪˮάֲסΣһȫɢһ´лǰĺ
ýˣлŵŨصѪζ̲סü
ЩԼǰɱ֮˵Ѫˮ
̽ˡл룺ԭĺܺׯֺ꣬еǺ󱲶ڳĺ¡滹ŵʲô֮Ǻ£ʹҲ¡
ɲںСԴׯꡣ
ֱ˵ںСڼһУǸŹֵΣ˳ȫԼġû׼Ǹε˲ׯ꣬ɡ
ɺׯ֮䣬ʵʲôҲûӦΪСĲ´ˡ
գ۵Ĺ򣬿ɺȻǰŲе߬Ҫǰȥֹۣȴл˻
ǷְȭͷɿĿרˡ
գҪһɱǡ
ţͷȻҲȫվţէֵģϸֱܷͦȫҪսʱս
Ҫ֣ԼҪһĹɱУû취ȻӻϴˣǾֻлȥ
һûʲôģϾлƤӺƤҲҪл˵ûôˣƽ׼ŭɡ
ôţ˱ղȥԵ׼ˡ
ֻɣõתЩƣлԸ˵˵еˡ
꣬ڡԣ㲻ϲҺģׯʦ֡ɶ˵
˵ŻҪһл䣬ȴΪֻһ̲Ѫˮûסлӡ˸Ѫӡһʱŵúܣׯʦ֣ǲǿˣҲϵǣֻϵ㣬ϵۣһμʱġ
л֪ɷüѱ£ǰӣ룺ҺⲻԼ·ͺŪɾˡ
ɾôɵ˰ΣлҲһʱԵЩˡ
ʵлǹⲻشģл֪ܻشʲô˵˻¶ڣɷӦԼϴˣɱ䡣
ۿŷɥ˵ʮһֻɷ˿̾ίСƵģڰűߣлҲò̡
лɣ˲ֹһΡ
ӡУҲǸò˸ɾˣÿմػһȾͷҪϸ£ഹǼ鷢Ҫǡô
˵ŵ²ǹ
л֮ǰȻûùҼ廨ڵĳù֪ȿֿӺÿ㣬ǸƯȴɱ
ͦһͳ
лſţЩˣȻָ̧ǰʵֻһ̲Ѫãֻö̾ɣһλôˡ
ôҲ⸱ˣ
Ϊ̰ðаҲֻܸұˣҡ֪ׯʦֲϲаҹׯʦ֡лæشׯʦֵʦ廨ڳϽãʹϵׯʦֵʦ̸ׯʦ֣ׯʦּϲ͵͵̸ңұǰá֪ׯʦֶҺܺãҡ֪һ֪ׯʦѪҲôׯʦ־ͻҲ뿴ׯʦ
˶٣ѪˮʺЩûиճʱôˣҲãׯʦַ֡
⻰˵꣬ŵѱڶ
˳˵ͣޱضл˻ɷһѪ룬ԶˮʹҲһܽһлɱܶ˵˵ҳɹĿԾͻһ㣬һʵڲܳ£û׼ܿлء
л
Ȼ˻ֱûëΪɶ֣ͦ
ҲգڴϺо飬ľǡ
˼ˣл봹ۣűƽѪüĿ顱ΪһȦȴҲ۾ֻա
㻹ҷˡлֻȭڴװģĵͿһ˳ɵĻ˵
ɹ淽ҡ
ǣȫҵĴûѪغãׯʦ˾ׯʦּʹҪɱңҲûԹԡնԽԽƣֿˣлںСһ̬ȼ챰΢
ׯʦִаңҸǲ廨ڣ㽫УмһֻУгһܱׯʦ֣ǡǡ
ʲôأ
ϵѪˮں죬ҵķʲôԽܵ¡
룬ǿһܲôӲ̣֣Ҳ˵аֺ
ʣ¼ŶڿЦûԸæаֻˮ³ǣһʱ˳ǣ˭ҲܹȥûȤ
Ϊˮ³ǱȽϽаϢӰ죬Ųò֡
ԶģֻаӮһӮģ˶һ㣬Ĵ۴һˡ
Զ룬廨սˣ˲ÿԸһˣ
Դʼն˰æ
ֹ˼꣬аڱȥһ룬ۿŴʤȯˣ廨ںҲ챻ûˡ
֮ҪټȥĺпԤǰ㣬Ӯˣ廨ںɣҲ᳹ԪˣԶҲ޷ɽ
ĽĻҵþôˡ
ԵʱӰϲź֮һͷһ취֮ι˶ٻɱ󣬼þܺ˵һͬھ
һʱ̣նһЯɱɱǾͶøаһˣ˵ֻأӴؼǲйˡ
ն廨ڳܹĸˣоͰׯꡣ
Щ˶ΪܸԴƵģΪˮ³ǰʬܿ࣬ҲԼʦŴӴ˵㣬Ըվ˳һȥ޻صĻȪ·
滹иΪ˵Сܡѡ˵ʱׯʵûѡϡ
ѡϵʵׯǸСʦܣҲεӰϡ
СʦȻ츳ãҲϣ̬ȴԥЩׯˡ
ѡˣű׼
ɲʮȻ츳ѣܹǸİӣаնֲÿֻԼʦĶ츣Сӹ
ׯǸĳγʱһ棬֮󣬻ȥ͵ûˡ
ɼǵãӦǸ죬ƣɫûۡ
Сիſڣʹׯ䣬ʶԷܲܲߣȥ
ŶˣǻûȨСիҲСիء
֮죬ΪﲻæֱޣׯꡰΪʲôǾȥ
ׯôشţ
˭Ҳϲȥȥˣ˾ͿԲȥĸˮ³еİվƽˡ
ׯĻشƽ̧ͷ޵ĸˡ
᲻óѽ֧ҡͷ
ʲôأʵҲô£ֻأǲ𣬵ʱһȥ˭ֻǵׯ꣬ׯֻǵ˭أׯЦŴֻأֻ֮ҲѾˣͻɢʲôֱӹµһȥ¸ء
[ȥ¸ء]
ʵׯ˵仰֮ɱûٿˡ
ΪˣҲĥˡ
ׯ갮ƣ־ȹ̫̫ˡׯɶԣһһҪŵĶˣׯԣȴֻǶԷ־£ܿܿƾкܲ۵һ
Ǿ仰֮ûȰׯߣ͵͵ׯҩׯɱ󽫳֮ʱȻڷ

ʵΪҩΪҩ
Ǻܿϧû˻ĵ׵ϣΪ˶Ϊֻǲ߲Żˣֻʶ˲Żᷢ
֮ΪׯĺȻ󷨵ӰûˣŵͬҲЩûˣֻׯ꣬ׯԼҲ٣һϦͷ³ӴԺׯ廨ڵӾͺܲùˡ
ͺܺüˡΪмƷնˮ³ɵаܿͱȥׯСʦܼγµӰϣΪׯ귢Σ˷ԣûн֮廨ڣ˸صطϡ
һǰȥׯѾϵÿɽˣҲԸλ𼱻ȥ廨ڼׯꡣ
ƺֱױż֮ʱׯŻȻ֪ԭԼ־µǸӣѾ
ΪĹأ֮ûɡ
ء룺ʵȥЩ֥ùӵ£ȫء
ԼĵĿҽׯ꣬ׯϣׯׯڿźȻʵûʲôϣԸɨˣǵͷӦˡ
ԣӰϵϸ£ׯڱȥרĽΣȥ֡
ʵ˵ʵһʼǶദǺģׯǰǺܹԣׯѾˣҲܴȰ
ֻǣׯ벻ͨΪΪν죬ֻ츳ţԲû˵ʲô
ֱһ죬ׯһ̴ԺżϻûصѪɷɴײûܡ
ʱׯ걻Żˣһҹֲ֮࣬˺ܴƢԼ̾Ҫȴʩ£ںס
ٺ
ٺΪ쾫ҪܶΪׯܻȥУòɱޣȡϵ飬ץ˺ܶͨ˻о͵͵ԭľܵĹŷҪһľܣ㾦ʹ߻ᶯǽׯĻǷȥ
оׯ귴ԣ£ׯȫܻĵطȫ˶ľ
һ鶫ľƤһƱǿ䣬ج겻ðϢꡣ
ȻǱľиµģׯĻƺ޷ľڣ͵߱Ϊãʮ¾͵ɣ
ʵҲ֪֪ÿθׯ˵ѻ֮ʹ֪
ôˣʹЩʹЩôܻȥİ

Ҳģ֪ɱ˺ܲԣҶǰͽ̹ЩҪɼԴˣСҪηҶء
Ǻôô
ԽԽļƬڽѪеڳݲţׯʦ֣֪ʹǡǺôܻȥ
Щˡֲϵ˭ΪʲôҪȥǾǻأֻϵ㣬ֻҪͳˡӦң˵㲻ʹ˵Ŭȥúܾúܾãһֱߵġ
ӦģΪʲôͲأ
ɻʱ벻ͨóһ̲Ѫ벻ͨ
ǲׯǺʱѵģļˡ
·𡭡·ׯ컹ĻԸԸдȣִָͷΪκɱôˡ
µֻǺޡ
ʵСͰޣ᲻ҪƵµΪׯ꣬Բĳֶε֮еġ
ҪûׯʦԱָһʲôɵġ
ͷβׯڷ䣬ѳˣɱţ˵Ҳմ֣ȴǸˣǸ׵׵ˡ
ô²ģ಻˭ãͶ˭ðˡ
ǡǡ

ɣţǶҺô
ۼһ¾ͼѳײµǰСƢֵЩεлֻöȥŶԷû׵Ļͷ˵
ɣҰϢҴһˣľܣǶҺô
춨ʹ߾ȫС޾Ҳֻ꣬ܵɡԡӵ֮߳ͷҶȥǶҺô
ÿһ䣬ɵļҲһ¡
ʵлʵǺܻᶴĵģʱҲܽб˵ᣬߺ޲õҧû֮Ȿ󹦡
ɣ㿴
ѪˮԽԽƽˣлʱԼ󿴣ָŲ̣˴Ҷ˳֮أǻŶߣĳ߰ôһ˶˼ŰЩȫٻͷŵײǹ
ΪΪѵʲôǵôǵġ
Ƥ԰ټ޹˵أβܰİ
ѾĻһ֮˵ֱԼľѪɷаɶͷҲʣ£ֵô
ιȻȫǼٵġ
Լҹ˼֮⣬ǰҶκ˽ֻ֮ŸһΣȻׯ궼ûۿûӦǡ
˵ʵúʵﻹˣǰһ޶ƾлҲƭȥˣΪֻţͷſģǰľСݺͰ۲ǡ
ٵľǼٵģαװì֮
ΪׯʵֻɵѰ󱲣ȻܺãȴһִȰĺã֮ȫȻͬɿٵĶˣͻһ߳УһһɣȻ̲סĽȥСݡ
ׯ˵ңб£
˼ǼٵģҲǼٵģׯں׵ģټٶ۵һׯһɺãһҪὣɱɡּ̬ȵת䣬Ҳлĥһ㲻ζ
ôׯ˴ʮҪñ࿴ᣬҲȥѾĶıɣ
仰˵ׯ˵Ǿ䡰Զϲ㡱ԶֲףϽǰϲ
Ϊ֮ǰȷʵϲʲ϶һҪ˵Զׯžͻ˵ԺԶϲ㡣
ԣԶֱ֤ׯ֮׹ϵ
Ǹׯ֮ԻɺãΪĿׯҪὣɱɣΪԼҲ֪ŵЩ˼ׯȥԷһ֪߳ܣΪײ
һﶼޱȱ΢Ϊ˿϶Լˣ󾹻ữʮɷ
˵ģʵ̫ǫˡ
Ǹʲôа̫ˣеסһ٣Ƶ֣һһѳׯ֮˶ɰײˣоС
ܹĸΣֻСۡ͡ׯǿɷѹ£ȫ͸ǵһʾ˵ˣ֮ׯ˴ӱ˴õ׾ѵĵ
ΪˣʱŻĲɣɶ
ҲΪˣںĽƲŻԶˮڣóһľ޷ׯꡣ
Ͼ˾ˣʹľͷҲǻᱻˮ
ʱˡ
лսһ㣬촽ºɣҵʬںδأҰϢɣҺˣٱһƤ첹ˡ
ԣɹȻ̧ͷ
ڡʬڡţճѪˮϻԼճǰ٣üͷ壬뽻ֲġ
СһЩթ㡣ļģ۵֣һѽлԼ󣬡ԶǷᡣ
קּΪԵԵʣл˺üվȣ˶ˣѿھһ䣺ǰСŶ㿴ڶʲôˣһ̲ѪˮĴ㶼ԣ
Ŷݺݵͬʱָʾͷ
лããȻػͷͼƵضЦ
㲻ׯʦ֣ׯʦ˵ҪҵģҪϢءüë˵ңϸûׯʦζƷƭң
ɻ䣬Ƕ޴̷תһ㻨䣬»۳Ѿ޽߸ͷһ
顣ٿأţͷûͷûԵѵ
ʯͫϸխԭΪɷרĻǰ֮ʱûڣ
Բˣǰƭ˵ֻΪ˷ɢעϾֱӸ㣬ȥڿͻн⡣ϵĽҪ̫ˣͲˡһؽ͵һֳצһ̽ǰѪ˵ۣӲ泶һ鴥µӲ
˵ıȳûʵ︯ò˽αҼ̫࣬ǴΪ˺õĻԼˡЩ£Ϊׯ꣬ΪԼҲֻԼ
ͳӲöɵƽۣԼƴСһ֡
ɷ֮㣬ͷ·Ƿ֮࣬һˣҲǿ֮ĩ
ų̫죬һֱֻϵĶѪʴǣȴԸһСȫУöƽϾȻлڣ
仰˵šġ
ƽʧȥһšġƺһһ̲ѪˮȫغУ֮ͬʱٿطֱתһûͷ­ùֽ
ۼǹҪһŲȹź£ָһѽа촷ۣתͷţͷٿ죡
лҪ˵
лӪҺһŬµģԼҹһֵֹĸ룺ƺеĵӰӾС˵Ϸڽǡ·ϲҪΣջ˵Ұˣ


22 ƻ
Ҳȷţͷ˵ƺ档
Ÿлһ, л⣬˦Ϸŵ
顪
ڷűлûȥеһ, ɱز£ʯɳ
μ֮ߵҲʵ塣ţͷһӻңǱʯӳ̧ͷٿ, ͼվǹļˡ
ţͷæҿ, Ŀ, ڷλã
һ£ԵͷȻһ󶴡
ɷģһ㶼Ŀڴ, ΪǰΪˡʱ
ɻûùȻûԴȴȱǼرǻر
ǻǿյ, Ŀڵλһâϸ˿, ӤĺǱϸڰâ֮С
ǲͷ, ͷ­ǶһƬ
ǡ
ׯꡭ
֮, ֮Уɵĵڶ, ׯĺǡ
ʧȥһĵɱóٶ, еϲ˭˭, һŲ, ̧żȣȴлϵۻԥ֮£Щûվȡ
һУ汾ͲóӦټ޶ѪǷԼӦˣΪ˲ϺȣѲӶɣĳСĺǰһ̬ţͷҷɵʯߡ
ô򣿡ŵϥţסŵһȹǣܲõţͷҪɳ׷͵ûٵĵڶģҪٵĵڶģ͵ׯԴׯһƣһܳ³ûİ취
û취ˡţͷĬƬ̣ش
ðɣǾֻܵˡ˿϶𸴣ȴҲûٶƸУһԾ£ԥɿնǻâ֮ׯĺǡ
ָ£ͷĴָǿƬϣĦһ£ȻȻʹ
͸ˡŶǰŵׯҪûɣһǰ͸òܳˣԽ㣬ҲȫԸɣ
ŷԽԽ󣬰ƬԳڰâ֮еׯֻ꣬ڰ񼴽֮ǰ΢΢ɪһ£ʼҲ
䴫ţ޾Ǿģ֣˭⣬ҪĿ֮ȫܳ
ʹ޹Ҳֻù
ׯ꺡İâԽԽۿҪ֣һֱججŵȴȻϣźѪĶѪմѪԼؿ˺һһѽ߬С
ԼûԴֱӾһն벻ǵҪؿ⿪һѾͿˣȻˮ÷һж
ţ
ղžͶԥһ£͸ֱšׯԴлǰ̵ĳë
˵ǰЩ鷳淢ʵҲһ˲¡֮лǰŸհѷɼͷҪȰҷӾȾׯʱȰĻû˵ڣ̧ͷͿѱɶݺ߬ˡ
лһ¾ͻˣΪ¸ңһʱֲֻʣ֮ǰô죿
֮ܲǰƵμ涼ûˮɣ
֪źһ䣬Ҳ֪ǰҴӲЩ
лסƬ̣ͷţͷ棬˴˿ҲһãȻȷȷʵʵǺ֪ģ
⣬Ϊţͷ֪ˮֻǲ֪Żˮµز¿ȴǹˣ
ۼɾҪ£ƣһѪ࣬лһͣʶͽ˦˳ȥסɵָ
ôôô졭
һʵսʵ̫Ϊл۾ˣ˴߬סѪָ䣬ȴҲֹ£ָ
޳ת˲ţлҧûӿһ޴Ŀֻţͷ·ǰ;ЩŷһȴΪ
ǰ£ΪʲôھˣлɤӶˣԼԲĲţڴвǺôŸջ죿ָҵģϿ֧
˸˵Ļƣ벻ϴʱҲﲻæ
þ취⡭
Ȼ䣬ոƽûõѪ־ҷΨһŵĲԭʧбѪʴĶľӺķѿлƤӵѸչ֦⣬һŲѪͩ
Ȼƽһ磬ͩҶҶƬȴ˷лϮһ
ǰһɱСҶ
Ҷչȡ
лиëǷֳϣԽǸͷʱԽвס
СŶԼҷѽ㲻ѳɣһ˵ҪʵѳҲУ׻˵ĵҲѳ㣬˵ǧǧ򣬴ѳֻƿһû˵ѽ
лһ߶߶һþȫˣ汾ճлһʱ̾ҲվסԼĻǰȥ
ңƮЩҶӺٿһҶգۼ
ҪҪҪҪҪˡ
벻ʹ˹ҲҪپһ֮ʹ
ͩҶƣлס룬巶ı飬޷֪ǲֱЩɫࡣ
ǰͩҶͶԷлʲôҲʲôҲʼղſ
岽֮⣬ں塣
һƬͩҶգڶƬͩҶнֱƬͩҶƮƮǰŲ磬ҶлǸߣʸо֮ơ
Ӳˡл롣
滳ɴǼһǹġǡջ£ѵҲô֪ڻ岻ȣʱǿʱ𼱻ǵظ˿
ǲģ˴ӳ죬ȥظһҪڿɾһ٣

ƺȷʵȥˡ
ͩҶǰƮ磬Ҷ־Ƥлۣһ˲ɣק
ǧһ֮ʣĺȻ⡣
ǴϢ֮䣬֮ڵһȫ棬ͩҶգ۷پʱ죬˹Ϯȥ
лʱͿЩ
ţȴ̣ɺʮֺǻԥһ¾ͰѷŸ˳ȥ
ҷҲۼתӦóʤ׷л˵㵥ŵסһۻɿտյǻ֮Уһѳסׯֱۣׯ귴ӸԶţͷţͷȵ
ͬʱ羲ֹлԸǸеĴɤš
ףΪɶүóƻ棿Բ۾̬һ棬ûһЩڴ˵ĽŸУôСˣ
үóƻ棬С˻
л
ȻҲ֪ԼΪʲôóŵɱУ⺢ô£Ǹʱ𣡴еǰô򶨣ȫûһο׼ҺСŶܴӮһ

ѹֵĵͺ˷Ѫɷׯ꺡ǲâ˸£ȥʱ淢˿񣬾Ȼлţͷǰµƻ棬ҪׯĲƺǡ
ָǰһ磬㱻һ磬һԭƵȴ˵ʲôҲ˺
žʹҲҪǽֻΪׯ꺡ǵľٶϹţͷˣٰƬĶһ٣գ֮䣬ɱѰûᣬһٶغͷ­֮İڻУǰӻԼİһ㡣
һ˲ѪͩȻҪƵķ賤׳֦չ˷Ѫ£һ޴֮УͩҶҪڳͬھ֮ƣȻ
ˡ
һ̾ϢƴľͩҶ㡣
ˣɡǵ˵ʹ˷ŹҰɣ밲Ϣˡ
лҪ˵
~


23 ͽ
˵, ׯͷǶİȻһ£ƯŵһƬ΢΢Ѫˮȥ, תƣþԳ֮ʣһжص
л˷Լһ֮С
Ƕֵһ֣ϰǰ
ͷ, һѰС, ڶׯ, ԲβƵĵǸСʦܡ
ʱգаá廨ʵʰ˾棬ʦֵܶȥȣ, Сʦ˵֮ǰֺòͷȥǰ治Զһǩˣׯȵׯֻöȵ, Ͼ廨ĺ˵
ׯСʦ˵ǩʵõġ
ΪôЩ, ˭Ҳûݡ
, Щɵ, Ҳ˵˭ˡ
ŶҲһû, , ˵Ҳһǧǰˡ
ׯ껹, ոհ廨ʱ, ڵһλʦֺ˵ʵһǧǰи޳ɣƺ;ֳЩ⣬޳ɣȴû߹ǵͨɽţûɡ
Ϊʲô޳ȴûɣׯ겻֪
ûʹûʳ
ʱׯս廨ڣͬ츳õģõʱʦҪοؿһ䡰ССЩݡׯʵܰ޳ɴĹ£ΪЩܸģԼ޵ûôƮ졣
ׯʱʦʣʦֻ˵֪˵伮ûд־̸ˣټʡ
λʦֱʷˣͰȥǽǣĺ˵ʵûƭ治֪Ϊ伮ûдΪ伮й˵ļأˡ
λʦֻ˵¾ΣڴԼҲֻÿŲ֪Ϊŵڵλ֮󣬻õһĵ伮¼ϸŹȥǧ﷢˵д¡
֪˵Ҳµֻߵȷʵ޳ɣһе룬ʱ㡣
ׯҲסˣպиСʦܽţҲʦô˵֮ģΪȷʵ޳ɹ
ʱǨׯСɣҲԽԽ츳õˣЩ˵ĸãһûһ޳ɵģׯãϴûɵİɡ
ڱҿڿഫǸܡû׼ҲֻĸǰڱƭСġ
˼ţԺȻһӴԭ˲Сˤˡ
ׯѭͷһ⣬۰Ͱ߿С
аµǸС̸ӡΪСȻ࣬۾ȴתƵģһǹ龫
ҲСׯ롣
СаͨͨһֻаĿƣʱʱҪðһֻѰ˱ҧҲˣ֮ͻʬ䣬ûȫ˵ģСܻڣνʱ˺Ͷռȫˡ
һСаȻʱׯЪţ̧ͷײˣҵʱǰ죬ǹֶ٣ׯӦ
ڶСӦ죬ҧСҲûţһԱɱ̯ϵĴ󵶣ͰԼ첲ˣûǶʴ
֮ׯܹٻС鿴ʱСѾιȥˣûбȾ
Ҳգۼ£һ̶ɣ˶ôСˣׯ̲ס࿴ۡ
֮ׯΪڸһСջﶨ˷䣬ְæˣֹۣһżĵҩιȥСƽ˳ֻǰҹַգʹ߬ׯָߣԺׯɣׯ궺ÿЦãֻıһֱ콫ʱȷղݡ
ׯҹΪСֲֻڵľͷֱۣϡ
ܿʹˣׯĥԼСʦҲǩˣԼûزȥţԸ۲ãӻЩͿС˵ҿҲǹһˣ޸ĸģ֣ȥ廨ӻôܳԱҲס
СˮĴ۾廨ʲôط
ҵʦš
סȫһô
ׯЦЦӸСҲɣҺһҲֻǷˣһС
۾գգСƶᣬҪȥ廨ڣԺܺһô
ԼУΪӡ
˶סƬ̣ׯС˵ᵶԼ첲üͷһ壬ôʽ͵廨ķºͣ²ʺ㣬ǰҵֻѰŵĵط廨ڣУȥһԣ廨ڣķһЩ
˺ܿԵֻ֣ܰæȥͿ컯ˡ
ˣս½߻Ҫׯ˵ţӻһöƽС̧Сͷϸ˳ʮöƽѹ㿴ĵһȫɫʯͷϣǰͻƾճһС·С·ǰһֱߣҵ廨ˡ
˶٣ټ֮ȰסǣϸˣҰʦˣͺʦ˵ΪдšҼǵʦ֮ǹʽ˼ҵһţҴȥĥƤӻá
С֨ˣֻܵͷׯƽۡ
С֪ǲʮϳ˵һֻϧ࣬ѺҲŪˡ
˵覣մӵİ񲻺ÿСſžͽסüһѲ˲
ֻϧҲģöƽ۶Ūˡ
Сִٶֳ֮˿ڣ۵õһ
һͷׯ꿴С˵͵ĬϣֵʦܻҪżһز̼ˡ
˵ׯ걾ΪСԼȰʵʵȥ廨ˣû뵽Ȼˡ
ԣׯڿСʱʵƬ̵ġ
¡캮ضģСֳŽţΪܵüĲȵʯͷԲˤˡ
ۼСϰ춼ûׯæ߹ȥ׽Сʯͷֻţº͵ôһľ͸ˣ۲ۣ
ۡСش
ֻ类ˣҲֻ֪ѪܵĿˡ
ĬƬ̣СʹѽׯǸѾһ⡣
ĲôСʡ
ҲǡׯЦŴ
治𣿡
治ǡ
ȷǣ
ǡ
ܹ飬ׯ궼ĵػشˣ㷢ƢļҲûС
СֿʼĬ
ܸôҲԼȥ廨ڡΣׯΪС˵ʱСȴֻ㣬ȥҾȥ
˵ʲôӻҲһģֲǲˡȥ£ʵںܲ㡣
Һϲ㣬ֻ㡣ҳôǰҰʳкüβ㱻֮˶棬˵ӲӺ˵̫Ҳֻһ˻۲䲻䣬Ҫû㣬Һ¡˶٣ۿȦˣҲ֪ίĻǶģҪôֱӴȥɡԺֻĻ˵ҺҾȥȵ֮ԵʦҾ£ԵǣԺ͸ˡ
ϣڵϹׯͷ÷ͽ˵
һ̧֮ͷʱ˷ǡ

׺ɣתѾôЩ꣬ׯ갲վţͷǰɡ
ͷѾûʲôڿˣŵ׺ˮҲγɼסׯ괹ۿɴһСѸٳһ緢Ư꣬ٱѪˮû
ãׯȻ̾統һ֣ҡͷεذңһ鷲ˣܵסôصҪٵġ
֪ôˣ֪һô³һ
°仰û˵ֻǱۡ
ׯп£ָ⿪ʼȥѪˮԳǰΪʱƯòֻǰһ£ѾǶ˵ѪȾѿɫ
Թʴɷָܻǣֱδš
ȴ˲ϴڳ˵ľȣֻվʣ𣿡
֪һôˣ֪ô³㵱һͲˣ
ʾ䣬ȴʮ־ɥѲµׯλشˡ
лҪ˵
ѽ18ŵĸ~


24 
ׯȻûɵĻ
ɱ㶮, Եͷˣϣҷ
ǰأɷһָ, ֱ³ϣ䱾ʾͺѰûʲôͬˣֱɱôй߳򡣽ʱйٵйһ, ϵɽϵɽ, °°, ٸȥͶ̥
ɻָˣͶ̥Ҳô
ôãʱ, ɵļˡͷɥߵлǰһ㽫Լ֮ǰ͵ġס˳
$^ϫ'|%ɶлû뵽ң, ԭɡ
˶٣̽ѰĿ, Ϸת, ǺȻ뵽ʲô˼, ԷŵҴԼ֪˭ˣп, ˡ
һ仰ѷŻεü, ֹ
ɲ˵, ü۵شվ, һҲģǸȻʶԼ˴µСǸɵʧѳص޷ֲˡ
˵ɷػ£ڹȥﶼͷһݣлһߵͷ顶סαһ䣬Ǹѹţͷ˵ģôУ
ţͷһֱšʮһֱšˡһ࣬ǧ˰ˡ
棺
ûס˸£Ͱѹøˡ
ǻܳءС˵ǵطҶȥ
ԣţͷ̧֣ë׵Դϣ˳ë˴ꡣ
ûȥţͷ˵ĴѲӲȥģֻҪԼ˵йپͲ֪ع¾͸ˣ˼һ쵽ֻڵһ涼Ǽġ
ţͷǱ߻䣬лֺϡס˵̫߳ˣոţͷȻһ˵ʮ֡
ֵصǣûϴˣС
仰˵õⱾסȷʵġ
ûƭΪⱾסԭģܼǲȫˣĳЩҲȴֻſöһ޷ֱ١
ҲգܱһսҲҡ
ڷʵǸ⡭
л̯̽ģָ²һŴɫĻ棬ǰϸơ
ڡΪʲôȻóСŶƻ桭
ʱָ£лӡһ
˭ȥ
ͷȥҴڡ
հհգһ㣬ܸô£ͲԹ˲µˡ
ôţβǡڷϣʱˣ죬Цٿһ
Թƨ־ӣѾǷ⣬ȫʢڣӵ֧ʹСŶ㽻
ԭֹ˺ѣҲѡ
ô˵Ȼذɣʱ磬ЩׯߣҲڳоһ¡ס
˵סһƺǿһЩͦõĶƩľܱ֮࡭û壬̵ͦġ

صظ·ϣлһһĥĥһ·ʵģ˵ԼҲһ·϶ĥʲô
úܻ磬ƺֻһˡ
һߣɾȻϵϣ˴ڣ֣ԹԵվׯѵž뿪һֻһ㣬ɺׯׯκš
˵ֻҪۿׯȥͼ̡̻
һ쳾¾ϣ˺֮޸ϵׯȥ˼󣬶鰢ǰǧ꣬ҪϱǰɱЩ˰Ƥʳ⣬ֱѪծ塣
ȥ˭ҲóȻϾȥͼôһɷػ꣬ﶼ벻Ψ֡
βס̫鷳
ظ˭Ǹÿ춼ҪæŲմصĵùˣ
æ֮һ֣ν⣿
벻ԣұһ֣Ѿһҡ
˵ˣظЩÿ춼æҵĵù˭ҲԼ鷳
Ըظׯȥˡ
ͺϻһлۡ
ΪЩȥжסлνúܿ죬ľ䣬өɫƮգңңȥˮӣǡ
һ·޻
ٵĿĵأׯԼǾñ̫Σֲ֪ܻشԷЩʲô׽һӫ⣬װԼעѾȫЩƵСȥ
ָ̧Եķű
Ȼ󣬺ʹǰɰǧεĽһŸׯϸ˵ЩӫɫһֱƽƽģûбҲûвͷ
ֻأڽЩөɫ֮󣬾Ȼĵпҿ֣áһ֮е滻
Сܿеͷ
ֳһȳֳһֹİлٲׯ֮ĶԹӻסһûһķġׯ˴һ̤κŵʯףͷá
ظκ뷲ŲͬǱУ˶ûˮģׯͷֻܿһͷԲӣʲôҲûС
ͷǰβֻҪٶʮ֮ΪׯꡱⱲӣܴӴ˰Ϣˡ
ԶһȦĿ⻹ϡ
Ҫˡׯ룺Щ˵ȽϺá
ţׯ촽˶شʹܶεǸ⡣
ׯ£ڵȻǺܺڵģҲǸԤ֪δķˣһΣһǻġ
ȣȻҪȣۼΣ֮䣬ܲȣ
ȻǾɣʵκһİˣȥȣΪС޵ĵЩһȡ֡
Ŀܼ֮ȱˣҲԼ
ҺڣǺڵ㣬Ǻھ֮ûİ̺ã·ˣϸ룬ʵҲҵĲǰɡ
ׯ˵Щʱ򣬱һֱǵģͬɵׯûаҲûкޣҪǷǵ˵еʲôǴžһ㡰һ㡰
ԣǰңһΣҵ׻᲻㣬ҵĴȻȣھ֮һҪ˼ȥ㣬·ׯ˵⣬ȻЩɬЦˣãż˵ûġ
Ⱳ˵Ҳԭ㡣
԰գתκţƬҲٶȡ
ֻǰŸȥͨһ졣
ԭվκͷһӡ
ɴ˴ׯ꣬ѹûȥͶ̥ˣҪԼⱲôģҪӵ׳˯ѣһʼյΡ
Ҫ̰ģҪׯ껹ׯꡱʱεؼסǽԼȥµģеһ
нκͷ̾κΡ룺ʵֲϲƫִӡ
ʱϱۣҲҪԼһܳ
ġ
۾ͷѭҴܻҪץס䣬ֹׯ꣬Цÿļˡ
ҲŲҪءЦŶ˶촽ضׯҲڸģԶڸģҲҪˡ
ΪѾӮˣҼΡ
㡪㻹ׯʱ֣Իޱ
ǰװװͻȻڳ˭ҲûӦֻлġס紵˼ҳͣڵһʮҳϡ
һʮҳУּɷ裬飺
ʦͷѪΪ֮ܵ㾦໤ɳˡ
лҪ˵

ٵȵȵģתһ룬һӺŷҲȥںǵǧ
ʱҪұﲻסˣΪڿдлСĵһˣGٺ٣


25 
, һƬ½ûһˮ
л㶿ţġסȻͣڵ㾦ҳ, û·
һҳǽĽⷨˣлסǣֻԴһʹ
ֹƬ̣ʹûˣԽԽˡлʹһͷ, Ź, ŵ÷ŸϽܹ
ʹʵ̫ĥ, гǧֻҧлۣǰȴһƬҫ۵İס
嶯Ҫ⿪ϵĽ, ǵȻȥ˵ɡŵǵ
лֻֽŷþȫ۾תͷԷſЦҪ⣬ԼȻɶˡ
Ϊʲôɶأ
лڷżͷһƹ, ȴ·ٿ˻˵ġ
顢顢飡
лסĿڣüͷ塣
ǻǿյ, л, ޹һ, ֮
ϡ·ںܾǰһҲԶıˮˡûܷӦ֮ǰ, Ƥӵ, һȺ˷ס, ˮס
ͷѪܡ㾦
лããȻصͷ, Ȼڸռǻᣬ˵һ仰
ˣҲҵġô˵
ǰԭ̸ŵĿҲĥͷѪΪܵ㾦аŷӣֻΪ
лûɽüøĿڵ֣ʶ߬ȭ
֮ǿƿʹлԴһᣬʹһ߳ӵľΡ
˵걾Σ֯룬лȴμǧǰ˼䡣

һǧǰһǧǰҪԶһ㣬õлѾ벻Լʱֻ֣ǵʱߴ֮һˮ칬ˣͬСģлԴлߣɱӻŵķǣسһү
ϸ˵ʵǰߴźߴŻͬΪʱɵûû䣬޳ɡ
Ҫǣʱķֻ߸ţûʲô֮㡣߸ű˴ֳʱ֮ƣڷ̻ʢ߸ط
лţеһУӦö޳ɣɽ졣
ʹߴûûҲѳɣлȷ޳ˡ
֮лͻС޾ĵʹǰ٣š
һжߵţлվͷдķǰ黨ĺʹ
ʹ˵ʹ鰲Ϊţɽ绻ǰɡ
˵ɣĪҫʱƺкöϹЩѣЩǽйһ֮Եķˣ˶޲ܸһǵţӴ˷̥ɹǡ
鰲Щ߰ɣʱɲáʹºͺ͵شߴҪ̫䣬ָϪԵȰɵģ󶼵˳Զٲַ֮£Ҳˡ
ʱлһ֪⣬¶룺ԭɵĹҲкܶࡣ
һֻŸţתͷȴıȻһŨڵԹһȥգӿ
Ȼûܷ⣬ûɹǣлʱʵѾǰˣܿһЩǿĶ
л˹ԹģǧֻӵصɷǸԹطǵĳǵԹ
лˣͷ߸ϵʹЩʲô
ʹϲޱش𣺡֮˻ɵɷ
˶٣ǿлԸߣٽ͵Ҳϵòɣظ֮еĵǰճ©ķЩԩǳɷʵضԴ̫Ϊ֮ǰѽҲѶԵˡ
֮أ
лվڸ߸ߵ̨ϣ̨ͷܶ˵˴ŵෲǡ
ǻ֪䱱Ǳ߳£ǿ
żһΪģҲֻǲ׺ԵСֹ
˵ôȻࣿ
Ǹ˵ܲ׼ıóԤУû׼ʲôаҪˡ

л촽˶
л˵ǲʲôаǳǧֻצ˼ܿҪˡſڣʹ䡣
߰ɣٶһ̣žҪˡʹ˵
ʰ𣿡лʣָָ򱱷
ûУֻԵ˷ȴδָʾλɷǲܡʹƭˣл⻰ҲֻҡͷһжһֻΪǹܵ£ǲ֡
лĬˡ
ٽÿչŵǣȻ˵ܡ
лԥʹױµл룬̲סĳѵɵģʵǷ֮˾١ֶսԼ˥ڷǹǵǳԲ
֮⣬Уڷּͬ⣬ǶȻġ
ʹ˵鰲ҲɣҲҪʱһǵʱЩªϰһЩѾȴδʾ£ٲ֣Ҳˡ
仰˵лһ
ô
ǰ˲һΪ˶ñȷ˸ǣôžࡣ
գۼ䣬ԹԽԽŨл㣬ۼʮ֮󷲼ģ
һƬ
л߬߬ɣ뵽ʹ˵Щãʹ˿һҡͷɣҲˡ
л⻰˵̫˼ʹʱȵ۾
鰲Īٺԡʹ˵Ƕ󲻾
ܵɣܲסˡлЦŻش𣺡һɹǣˣԼʲô
԰̧ͷʹ֮ǰֹȴָʮַ
ܲңС
һʱ䣬ʹĿࡣ
ԣڷ䣬淲ǻЩɷʹʡ
ġл
ʹĬһ
Ҫ֪ûɹǣֻǰˣûǸ
Ͳ·ˡлŵЦ˵ƺˣЩǣЩһ
ǵνлϲ
лһᶼǸʲô͸ʲôӣϲԼ
仰˵лУȤ˵ײǡ֡
ҪҪϲŭҪȱģҲҪңڣԡǡšȤ
ÿ춼Ÿڼɽ緲½ԲۣΪϲϲñɱɱȲɾȣʧȥŵȤ
ʵҲߣҲȫΪ伴ⳡƽ١
лţԼίһЩίһЩ˵ĻʹУȴ䶼ڴ治
л˵ԭҲϲ㷽Ǹɽ硣
ΪʲôҪΪʲô͵׵
ǵ˺ã˲ȣƽϲϲ񣬳ϲȴӲľҪůʹϲ֣Щš
ҪûЩҪûЩ
ʲôʲô
ԣлֻ˵ҲߣΪʵϲЩ̻ڷϡ
Ȼڷϣܵ˳־һȣ󣬷Ŀ֮һƬͿָ̿ȥδЩ̻ȥδȾƣȥδӯӯһյϸ֫أ


26 
Ŀ֮, ¹رˣл⡣
ԭŵģѹ, ࡣ
Żʹҡͷ̾Ϣţϧ
лʱֻʹĻҴ˸Ҳ⣬̨ͷٿһŶ
Ȼл˾, ȴ̨һֵķը˹
, ֻԶԶлվǰ, ü۴ЦĶʹ˵˾ʲôȻʹϵıȻͱˣüп֮Щϧ, һϵˡ
һܿȫˣΪԱǹԹɢ̫죬ձִأȫлһֵ֮
лܿü£ԹЩԩ, ˵Ǳһһ٣X ȥ, ɱ, 򻹽ʡ
лʱõĻǽ, һ
лǱһնɱĶÿɱһֻ, һһЩ, ֱɱһֻ, һѾɺ̿, ͨںڲһһʣѪʮ
ʣµЩлԥãվ飬תǾϵһĵأΪΣһĹǣڸȡ˸ֻ֡ۺ
֮лۺǡ
̫ƽԭߴҲһлΪۺˣԾۺڼϺ֮أߴֲɷӡߴŸס߸λлۺΪףڱۡ
ֹ꣬õлһͬеλȫˣõлͬСģٵġ
֮ÿ˵٣ṧظۺһлһĽ̻塣
ȻЩνĽ̻壬඼лں˵˵
˭СǶԸ⾴ء
ԭҪһֱȥҲԲʾͳĳϡ
һ졣
죬лһͷȻĵɢƣ黹ܺá
֮ʵʱ򣬴²ǹηѩʱõˮɱлѵü̫һĵǼ軨ݲȫȥǰҲúչһ¡
Űһ軨ȥ˵иĹ겻֪͵Ѿӳȥˡ
йԳǴ£лһæὣȥ׷ߵ̫ûע⵽ձڴǰ軨ˡ
ӳȥġ
Ų£Ը⿴Լ˵ĺԶ
ȥԩͷծ룺лүȻǺˣԸǾסڱļ֮أӵϵԹɢֻء
걻ŵֲлү
ʲôҲûˣõԼӱʳʹࣿ
£η£ٹٰʮҲܷ£
ƾʲôĺˣ˵ĺȴţǵѾ쵱
ƾʲôƾۣһƣ
Ҫ£Ҫ˳ϵԹɢ

лҴҸȥʱۼһصǽ塣
ǰϲãոհݹصһ˿ڱѪ֫һֹĽǶţʮָſڵϣϳţϱ龪֣ǼʲôʮֲֿĶĿ
ҲǸɣˮ칬˵ֶ
ˮ칬лԶߴΨһһȨûȥۺݻлġ
ΪлԶԸ
뵱꣬лԶ游лһһл̣лСлɣִ⽨ۺʱлԼԣлԩҲһɱҪ󻼡
Ϊ£л뿪ˮ칬ȥۺ֮ǰѡΪԶԶлԵһˮ칬ˣлԱչضʮ꣬ԡ
лûѡлˮ칬£лԶΪܲƽ
ΪлԶл˵öԡ
ǹʲôƶ
ѹɱɾָľˡ
ֲĸ˶ла֮Կüסġ
Ƿ¹ʲô
ԣлԶƾԼˮ칬λһҲûȥݼл
û뵽ʱټлΪԼֶ

֮һϦ֮䣬ϲþͱˡ
лʬٿȥܰһЩȻ̧֣¶һ磬ŨصѪȻ֮Ż
ۺĹأһִҪԼǰĶԹˡ
Ϊԩԩ౨֮粻ݣһˣͻԽԽ֮˱ɷʱһ׮һ׮Զܲ꣬ۺҲԶա
ۺһղգл͵÷һա
ʵлγлʲô˼ˡ
Ѿ˳ԸҲͲôӴ˻ɢʲôá
ԲлὣָԾܹл¡
СԹлָ⣬˳л
лЩۺķӡ
ִߣԽԼϵĳԹָлһЩлΪ֮壬ԿչЩԹ
лЩ£ڳǶ
ǿȥлԶлԶУлֻǰγűһѪɷƮӡ
Ȼ󣬴Ʈһź˳ӵлָ⡣
лԶˣȭͷ߬ø֨졣
лԶԼƽùͷлⶫ𣿡
ѵңӵ𣿾Ϊûȥۺݻ᣿
֮⣬лԶʵ벻ͨΪʲôȻ¡
ȱлԶԽܵģлʻȻֻ̧һۣɵţ˭
лԶɶ
лԶüֱҪˣһʱ֮嶯ͷὣͶл
ɶ񣡿ɶ񣡡лԶʱôη㣬žŲͬ游ΪգҲ㣬ҾȻΪЩ˷ɣ˵زϧȻҾˣ
ʲʲô
лãȻۣȫû뵽лԶȻνԽеûζ
ҲлԶ˵ʲô
л治ϵлԶ
ڷ˶ԣлʱѾ̫̫ã̫˴ѧĻëСͷ׷ˡ
ǼȥۺˢСŻУлԶģлסҲûᰡ
ûüͣͼлԶѽ̹ˡ
鼱֮£лƫһͷ˳ַԵľϡ
ľԭ賤ϲ˵ҩлôһҶ˲ήڳƤӵ±˸
ڳˣ
л
һʱ֮䣬ҶͣɲĿҩ˭Ҳ֪ô¡
˶£лԼҲ¡
лҲ֪ô¡
л̧֣һ¹ؽڣ˿˿ƵԹָ⣬þòɢ
ǾµĽӴԹѾ巢ĳЩ仯յǡþѹͷյһˡ
仯ͱ仯ɣɻˡ
֮ȻǲС
ѹֵʹ˵ûɹǣ
Ҫôأ
лܣڳȫµؿ·ڿʲôаħ
Źرһѹȥ꣬ۺҲѽãͬд˶ˣʣµģһЩֻ䴫ŵС
Ϊסɣƾһ֮ۺ·ƽ
ۺЩ궼
סڼ֮أղϡ
ߴŵ˶ðȥݼÿ궼ȥһҲҳ١
߰Ĵô֮࣬ܶھͬʱҲЩ
߸СȻ궼ȥҲԸ˵˵ٲҺһͬţתĳɹعˡ
˶ˣˡ
ټлĲƵ뿪ۺѰ˵ȸͼ
ԽǼĶԽء
Դлڷ־ֻѾʥЦǧѩڣԻˣ׹ǵһˡ
û뵽ͼġ
ҼĻֻ֡ĵذγͿѪ˲ɷǡ
ȫ¼ˡ
ֻлԶɺۣлս
лԶûжӣƽ۰ľֶӣټѾ϶лΪ˽ѵĲԸӷŭ
ԭһ벻ףΪʲôִҪۺҪЩĶлԶŭΪΪЩ֮ˣԸ飬һ֮ˡ
ǣͲΪǣֻΪԼ
ɽ磬ֻѰһɣڷ䣬ֻҪۺڣԶ߸ϣܽȫڽ£ʹЩū
˵ţһ
лû㡣
Ҫ̫ˡлԶ߼
лԶ߼ȻҲ˵ͨ
ԭһйôҰģԼȻ֪л˵
֮£лԼѾٴ̧֣һ߬סлԶ̹Ľ
գ֮䣬ϡ
ŽлָлԶֱϣЩѹõԹ綾һ㣬ȫлԶĿڱ֮Уߵһ߸ʬ
л
һĬ
лԶȻأƬнĳ졣ڽӶк˵ļ𣬴˷

֮УлмŮںлˣлүŻˣ
лҪ˵
лզ˵ءпվͶôİɣᷢȷʵͦʵġ
---

Բңҽƴ󣬾ȻûдС
ұ֤ͻдģұ֤Ű˵õ˫򱼸״򲻶
쿪ʼлСĵһˣһڽô˵Ҳܻһ


27 ľ
ֵز, Ȼ˲ˣû˸ҰлôʹлԶ̳Щ״ӣҲҰлô
һǲ, ʵܡ
õϢźܿȫˡҲ֪ôģ֮ʱ򣬻¶Ȼǧרܹħġ
֮, ҪħȻл, ׷ɵڵ
, 廨ǸСźлףҲãһۿԣæܹѯ, ССغһʦ档
׷ɷǵһˣҲǵ¸صģΪлƤӵ¹ƨɳģʹҲԸл
Ҫ, лһ廨Сŵͷû̧֡
л˰벽, ԭίС˵, ԼΪʲô, ԼлԶôġȻ˵ЩȫϹ
ΪԹϻ˵ۼΪʵ, Ϊ, Щ, ʵûа취ñˡۼΪʵ
Ҳաл룺ܻҪһ, ڻжţͿˡ
ȻСһлĻɫֱ䣬ɫ̺ģʮֺÿ
СֻԳһ£ת˵ɢ˰ɣᣬʦûбᡣ
л
ʲô᣿ĸܳȥģҲվ䣿
л˵ʲôĿĿ֮֮ϵˣԾصͷȥ
˵ˣû
л⽫󣬶һۣȻζ
ʵûʲô˵ģڳЩûмʶġ
û˼лۺ
ڻۺ֮ǰлһ̧Ǹ廨ڵСţԱѵ֮£ʵ֮Ը˵ǸɵǸ
Сŵͷȴûֻһζڰؿлеǡ
ʦ棬ġҪô
°ûʳлѾ˼ˡ
޷ٶչͳˡлӴСźкøУҲЦЦԼĿۻεСǰȥЦʣ޵ʲôˣ
СŻ⣬üЦ߬סлҡҡ׽лָһ
ʦ棬ֻһ͵С޾ˡ
ɵŬȡ޵С޾ٶٰʮġлڵ٩Ҿϲˡ
һ仰СָЦˣŵ
ʦģһŬУȡٶٰʮġС˵˵û׼ãҲʦһء
ҲһƤÿˡѵƤлҲֵҡͷԵغƴڻ̲סЦ˵޵ôʱȥɽ磬˼ұ˶ǣһӣôѽ
ԣСɿ߬лӵ֣ͷĨһ۾ء
ҲŲȥɽأҪ޳ɣȥۺʦˡС촽׺Ҳʦ浽ʱɱҷ
лһ¡
Ϲ˵ʲôأҲǸͷˣͷ̧ü۵ģȥʲô
ģлڴ˶ˣһڻشţһߴߡ
û½ֽǸСŸ߬סˡ
лعͷС۾ʦ棬ۺ᲻䰡
лЦһûְ½ǴСͷҲصˡ
ʲôолѾܶ궼ûиܵˡ
Ϊ֪ůۺѩͣ

֮лۺʮĹأٳʱԹɲãǲ
廨ǸСԽԽˣȺΣÿιɫе죬ػ֧֧ģʲô²øлֱ˵
ֱĳ죬лߣۺſڱ˿ڣͷɥȫл˵ˡ
˵ʦ棬⼸չز֪йЩֱˣĿˡ
ܲô汾ͷ˺üɡ
мԭ棬лɹŵģлԶһ˵лΪڷ䱻ǹ跨ʹЩΪãⲻȥɶġ
Ǵģлۺ̫ãѾаħȾʵͻ˸оˡ
Сźл״ʱʵе߷߲ƽ
лԴûʲôд
лǸˣң뵱꣬ʱͬЩ˾ͶЦף첻ߣԼֱ׽Ū
˵ˣлʵɣԸۺŽģ񲻹ٻȥˣҲûʲôϧġ
Ȼֻܲǻȥô򵥣ϾԭٲãΪˮ칬ˣҲϲᱻ˭һһаħĺ
ǶҪֲϵüۺˡ

ӾһһĹ
ֱһ죬廨ǸСҲˣȫˣĴҲղزݻǷԸӰѹТڳſڣÿٸµġ
˷ÿͣۺһĿճǡ
ֳȥȥ˱Ҫ£ʱٲС˼Ǻ롣
лֻñڳţÿ춼еۡ
ûʲôûһ棬ɾ̫ˡִڷ䣬ȥɶ̰ĲǷ̻
ڿɺã̻ûȫǹ
ɵʲôء
лշתĥĥĥȥڳĳĽ£ʼԼ֣ʳ
лʼԼС
Ϊܵ˷˼ʱֽԪֽֽţ
۳ɵĻݲݣСʯӶȸлǰǰһĥһ߸ĽоһֺĿԽһ㡰
ȻЩʵҲʲôĻȷʵܷܶɣлѰ޶£ֻϧʱ̫̣ͷڶֱȥˡ
лȴִ˲ƣ
ģȫл˸飬ŶԿԽԽ죬лҲԽԽˡ
Ȼ޶죬ôأ
һ죬л˸еͷ
ΪʲôͲһԣȥһԶʯӶľͷԶһ˵仰ġأ
뵽ҪлǸܰеӣûãͿʼΪԼƷļƻ׼
˵飬ȻȱɹǣǸɣô룬ӦҲ԰ɣ
ôţлڻõһ˱īֽ⣬֮ڣԼϲãʮϺõͼ
Ȼлͷһ⴫ϢʳЩҪľ
һȥԴԴϵĶľ˽û˸ҵ
ϣлڿʼʵҹԼյоЩ롣
ѡ
лʮǰ߹߹ȥһһ飬ЩӴĹ궼ʼЦ
ү֪ĵܣҪǻɲ֪ģΪϱءйô˵һ˵һЦϹŵĺЦһһģһֱֵӱȿ޻
лĥһۣߣ㶮ʲôôҪ˷տģȻĿЩһô׵ģ˭ȥ
ǱǸ겻Цˡˣί޵ġ
ү˵⻰ͲԣǰҲһأⲻΪ̫ң˼Ҹô˵̫ҵˣء
л
лǹǺԹʶˣæοãã㲻ҪˣʵҲܺÿ
С۵һ޸ˡ
үͺҰɣϷֻд֡Сһߴſһ˵˹֡
л÷ó̫塣
𿪣ûү˵ôⰭۡĹֻŮһƨɣСԱȥЦлүҲǣ˵ǵ÷ʲôȻûˣҲû˵ѽ
ŮǰҲˣû˫ۣ紦ֻѪɭɭ׹¶棬˿ڴ档
л۷졣
˵ʲôãüŵġл˵οЩʱʱԺģһ˵˾Ϳޣ˻ʰо֣Ե϶ԹǡҺοհҡ
Ů˱͵ЦȰлˣתʼлһѡ
үšΣŮһŬ죬ҪɣЦһۣģžϲ졣
лǻһۣ°ҡͷʮɣľֳ
ŮЦû֦ҲСģ˵ϱ
ŮһЦȺҲЦʱһ硣
л
ȥȥȥȥɶ£ͻ֡л˵һ˦䣬Ͱڹȫϳݣ۸Һ˵ǲǣ˰ʱ򣿡
顣
һºϣлһ
徻ˣ͹˵̫ˡҪԵĶЩԩ꣬״ûһҵģ۾Ҳ̫Ѻˡ
գЩѾ̫꣬Դ۾ˣлԼѡ
ʮ񶼲Ǻ⣬лԼֿ̡
СܣӦһƯϸü
л¿̵룬֪ôģǰȻֳǸܲǰ廨СŵǺӵ۾ͺƯƵġ
Ҫֲ̫ͣŮȻǿһеĸãҲ㡣
ҪϸһЩ֫ҲҪȳ޳Щ
ˣͿһʮ˾ģɣõʱԶϣĺġ
ѽ鶫ľôô̰ЩҲ߯ˣľͷҲġ
˰ˣ̰ɣҪ;ٽľͷܾ͵öˡ
̵Ͷ̵ɣһСжߣ̰һС
̵ָ䷭ɣСľˣлһŵɣʮأȫȻǰɡ
л׼˺Щ·Ьӡ
ֿǶһϵʯСľ˵۾Сľ֮ܺһй֡
ȵһж׼׵лۣȡԼͷѪСľ˵һϡ
ͷѪȥ˲䣬ʼСʵƤ⡣
һ̣һ飬ľ괺
ǹȻһ˫Ư۾лСľԸۣӤƵģתֻһͷˡ
һ˫Ư۾л룺ģҹȻûѡ
лҪ˵
лʱһߵһɵЦԼϱ̬or2
---
ps.ľʯġȡԡ˸̷Ϊľʯᶨ־ʯĳ
ССľʱ᳤󣬵Ⱥģͻ᳤
˵ÿҿһЩ˼ۣҵ·̶ǣÿɰ벻ɧ֪ôءˣɣ


28 ľ
Ϊһ, лһɸСܡ
ڷ޵֣ɶֲȥôн޽к
ֵν
Ϊ˳ͽ, Ҳذνð/֮ǰһȫŵˣǿǵòʧ
һȻĶˡ
лվ, ׼õ·ݸС, ˵, ЩΪԭڸЩ
Сתת飬ӲشϷµ, ̧°ͣл·ʲô
л
Сܣôе㲻һ
лüͷΧСܱתȦ, Էʼһѵľͷ˼һת, ֪˼֢ڡ
׷ʵ, 조, Ķʵġˡ
ɹǼӳ, С, ʵֻ˶, ʵȴ, ǣǸճСһٲҪһһ̡
ֻǲ֪һûľܣܷѧˡ
Ҳգô˵ֻҪ˵С
ô룬СܾҪźãſ̣ľ·ûоͷֱۺԹһ졣
һ룬ǵźʱʧ»Ϊǻϲ
лΧСתһȦ۴οԼ°˵۹á
ƹڹͣŴŷ￴˷
үүǽȥѽֻͷ˵Ҳ뿴ۺ¿ͣ
ȵ£ж촽Ƥۣһͺóԣ

л
绹ãлСܻ»ǹġ
СǱŷţľڵڹӳ˲ӣҲֻܿһ㱻īɢסĺ󱳡
л𱻶ڵϵһۣϸСˡ
֮л룬ְС§ÿ£סĹǷԸƮԶһЩҵСܣֲǵģһϹʲô
Ц̧һ磬ľŴÿ֨졣
үС͸ǿôˣô˾ȻʳǺò
лûһָڷϵĽƺȻâʢѵĶһµɳȥ
ʱڹȫɢ
ǲ𣬶𣬹Ǻһ˲š
徻ллϸоСܡ
űڹʱﲻڻŷ֣СܵϣȻһɺܺŵĵľζʵľһ㣬ȫľɵĶ
СҲһرлô£ڻҲ֣Ҳһ£ֻ޵ǰţ䲻ʵ
ľζܺţл̲סͷϸᣬǼСܵľֱ࣬Ҫҧһڡ
ζδġ
ľ鴫
ΪľʹȡͷѪԼӴ˱ɣҲǺֵõġ
Ժлǻǿսģƽ˳
ʼСܴ·Ūľһ
̧һȡӴӿʼлһСܵȣºͺ͵ؽСľˣҪס˱ѧᴩ·
Сʵİ̧ˣֻǷѾǿ̧һ㣬̧òߡ
Ǹճľܣֽµ÷·ԼģȴԼ뷨
л⣬ֱ׽סһֻϿȡ
ĳ㣬££ȻۡлһһԼİСܴãһѽСܱţΪЬࡣ
󹦸ɡ
лֱСһ˫ӡ
˫㣬лΪµһ˫ϡ
СѧлģǶһָٳߵȣлʲôʲô
ƽƽ壬ÿ˵һ֣ҪݵͣƬ̣ͣʱȫһӺ;֮䷴ûжͣ١
Сл̫⡣
лûлشСܵ⣬ӽ˵ǲԵģҪһ
ʲôСʡ
˵лʾúܳܳôҡʲôʲô
ôϹ˸䣬Ϊ˷С̧˸ϻĶ
ˣһ飿лЦ˵
СתתȻԹԵ죬һ顣
ʲôʲôСʣĩβôִֿȻģл
źöˡлЦøˣСܵļ򣬳Ƭ̷ʵ⣬Ҳ֪ôش㡣
ô
ֱ˵ˣľܡ
лͷϸЩ˿˿ƵĺָţѾòɢˡ
࣬࣬Ψûһˡ
Ͳˡ
ʲôʲôлĥĥȥֻСۺ֮⣬Ǹģ֪ô
Сܵ˵ͷ˵˾ʮлĵĻ
Сʣ֮⣬˭
ŵģò˵ѧúͦ졣
лһ
Ҹͷлһ
Сܴ𣺡ã
Ȼŵģܹ죬еڳлĹҶ
л
лԣԣʱҪ֮⣬ƽʱ˵ͱȷ˵ãͿԲ
Сգۣͷáģʮ㣬лŵһţЩڵϡ
治֪Сܾûѧǹôġ
ڰлŵ֮СȷʵĴˡ
Сھǰ棬лͷֱžú޾ȵȵףôи㳤һģһˡ
лش𣬽ֵҲڰͷ
ͷǸ˭۾ÿ
л
лľˡ
֪ôģȻС˵Ķʵʵ˵˸о졣
лûٴСܵǻСҲûʡôһһ֮䣬л޳ָСܷ䴩ΪһСľϡ
۲ۣò£Щ
ʲô

лշСܽ
ֻͷˣлûסѷŴСܷ䴩ָٵӵ£ᡣ
Ǻ㰡һ˾͸оĵ㣬ζ֦³ѿҶֻһ¾ˡ
ʹģлСǰߵסļ°̧ͣһ㣬봹ۣϸӳͭӰ
ѽл롣
ӽֿȥˡ
лҪ˵
簲~
¡ؽС1.0һѧϰˣδʱõĴǡǡˡ
˵˵һͦܰġ


29 
ȰСȫ¶׵, лŷſƣĹ
СͷСһббĺɫС, ĵƤ׾ϸڹе뿿ֲңֻƮǾ۳һѣСС˽
˵ÿǺÿ, ôЩ죿
Ǹ˵ôᶯôǣ𣿡
һ˵ȱС, ûио, үϵɷԽԽˣٹ죬Щ궼ˡ
ߴߴ, ˵ʲôĶС
л⡣
лֻЦ§Сܵļ磬ʮ֣صһڹˣԺǼңû, ǿɱŪ
ڹȻæصͷ
űƵɳȥֻƮǰԼԲƤһĶ, СǰƮƮ, ƮƮ, ȵءһͷ촽
ǿ, ת, ܿң
δ, ֻƮ, ΧСһȦһȦת
СҲЩҵת顣
ֻתЩ֡
ͨת飬ǲӺһ鶯ȷ˵ʱתȥͬʱҲתȥˣСܲǡ
СܱܿȲģѾתߣ黹ұͣţ˿Щ֮С
ңȹתأСܺȻסԴӴһ
Сܣ¡
ԭ廹ãתͷˡ
ۺǣҲСôһһԸŵıۿܣǶʱͲҶˣͣСȥлɫ
лȻ
ٵƮˣӽԺǶøߵġл˵
л⻰Ҳͦίһʱߴؿ
Ʈϰѽү̫ƫģֲˣƾʲôƮ
ѽѽǹ͵õƮ
ү±ЩĶͶСײ˵
л
лԺƮһЩƮһЩ
Ҫѹ˵ҥţô˵Ĵħͷ
ţŻܵСܾ־ˡĿָ֣֮˵лǰ޵ֻСƽصܺÿ
С˵⻰ʱ۾ģȫȻлƽյķܡ
ԣСǰƮ۵һֿˡ
Ǳж˵ġ
ءСŸ̾жٶˣ˼Ҷ˵󣬽һʶģҪȫµ˶һԸҲˡ
ʱõİüһŽһµܽ¶һұ߰ȴû飬ֻһʱ̵ѪĴڿпǺϲ£˰һֱ쵽棬Լɼ︯õ
Сܸճһʱû˿ޣ˿̼СεδĵᣬЩ棬ȥСϵӣ֮еģָСϴ˶ԷǸڿ
Сܣ
Сٿ֣ͷлƽʣҰˣô졣
лԻԡ
л˺ЩʱСܽ͡֮лǣС֣ܵһԵٴΰڹ˳ȥ
ֻСΪСܺ׽
ѾˣлΪףСܳԼٷ
ٷʱʵѾܶ궼ûԹˡ
۶겻Զþ߿϶ȱֻҪȥС
ʰĹлһһЩЦõ룺баħǣɷһɣҹҴҴȥΪҪڹ
Ҳֻᴫʲô˼¡
ôлȷֻףûʲô˵¡
ʵСܳ£лʵںϲɴԼΪϲͷŷ벻ʲôˡ
лԶķûһ㷨ʱСܾ͹ԹǸܰ޵СԱۣʲô档
лѾòֺ֮;̲סܹȥСܣСҲԼǰЩƵģһ۾ֱľͷˣڲСס
ȵһ÷ǧյɣСܻûľͷлڷˣʼĥˡ
ʱ꣬׼ˮּ򵥵£ܶ鼸Σ˾ͺˡ
л˼룬ڳ˵ľϿ˿ǣôҲ벻һ˵
лֳ¡
Լǰ俴Щ־ֻлԭһϰصǻۡ
ȡϴɾмȡֻϺųúÿĴϺͷϵĳϺţˮ졣
Ƥϣľǩڵ²СףϺŰȥ
һҲҪһѰԲεͷƽСڳڶϼӼצϼצؽڣһһŴһװ״Ź졣
ԼһĹл˸߲ҵذӴӹ˳ֱð⡣
³ˣ
ǳЩûϹģлƽյݵİƤ棡
лӣ۲ԼƷ
ò˵ϸͦ˵İϰյҲͦḻ

֮лԼѴ󾢹ĵ㷹˶С۾ֱˡǸơϲԼСܣɲһü
ιСʣóЩʲô
Ϊ֪ôƺлСֻȺι
ţôлСǵֵܸˡΪ˵Сܶ¶һ˵ʵǼ˼顣
лϣ׽סСָ֣ܵ˴õƤӣЦŵӣԳԣҪҪԣ
ǽһҪкӣлû׼ÿֵһѡ
Сܣ
ƮСߵСү֪ʲô𣿡
лüʾС˵
룬ҿֻһƲл꣬óķСҭֻд֣ˡ
ͷһξãԭǼôҸ¡үԹ㣬ⷹ˶¡
˶£̶̾Ÿ֣Ѿ衣
лһ飬б۾ƮڰСͰص𼱣Ҿһ̸㡣
Сܣһģ
Сܵû¡
û£Ȥأʹ˴ӣ˼صͷ
ŶҼסˣԭӵĶӡСϸ㣬ĿŴŴͦ㡣
С
л
һĬ
ΣС޶˲ˣ̲סӳӴչлӸճһ쵽Ϲ̣вУ
лҪ˵
簲ɡ3
лӪҺлͶװŬֵһ~


30 ż
ô˷, ˯
лС˵˶˯ӦճϢ
Сһ֪, лȥΪź˵С䣬ԱƵѣֻ¶С۾գգģǲϡ
˯, ҾҲҪ˯С˵
лָһͷ, صСľ, ˯
Сֻرۡ
ٺС֮лصԼķ䡣
ϵʣʣ˶ѾˣлûʰֱƤ, ϥˣĿϢ
Ϊ̰˸СֳܳȥɣлڵɷѾеѹס
ҹǴѩ, γ˹еĵӣѵþס
лרİ˹С, Ŀ, Ƶġ
ʵôȥ, вʹлǷڣлҡͷ˵˲
ܼʹ˵˲, ȻΪӲ, ΪӲ˼, лԼȴ, һҲڹ
ʲôأۺﻹڵģһһжԼ
ʹҲϲڲ֮Ҳۣһ룬Щϲˡ
ЦۣţҪǶɶЩһϲޱ޲ʹŻʲô˼
лӲûȥɶ
ڣҪں쳾쳾ݲҲҪһֱ쳾˻죬ֱ
ҲΪЩͷлʱ룺Щû˵ʵǸаħӣ̰᲻¡
˿Ŀڵۣ֪к񫡣
ѩԽԽˣѹлԺ÷֦һŷƮ֮Ƣ
лͷ亹ۣӳСϵ÷ӰЦһ¡
Щ÷ܴʱֲСԺɫġֻۺѩͣȴ֪ءǷѩѩк÷겻ܡ
ĿԽԽˣ㱼䣬л·صǰǰˮ칬Ȼ
ˣˣˡƽ𣬴лĻ䡣
̧ۣ˯ûõǸСܣͷһվԷſڡ
лסƬ̣ʹػ񣬳ʵôˣ
Сܲ𻰣ֻͷǡͷըһףлСܼɲɪһ¡
ΪľˣӦһЩľʱϰԣľøߴִ죬Ӧûٰ
лǺ֪ͨġ
֪ôģҹѩʵѩٴףҹ䣬ȷʱսĻҪ졣
ſڣСסͷָؽڶˣɫҲˣ֪ʲôк£ֻлƽֱԼ˿̵ĸܡ
˯ţ̫ķС˵
ԼС˯ţô죿Űɡ
ľڣлĿҲ̫ˡͷ͵ƣС֣
Сһ˲ķɣŲȷŻ࣬ûתš
ܶԿʦ׽֮Уڳ˶
齣СٿƤ£ֻ¶СְֻźƤһǣһлΪʲôҲ˯
лҲѣ˳ְС§ҲشΪʵ˯
СŶһʣΪʲôǵý˯
л⣬ʵҲ֪
лұɳСܱ˵֪֪ʵĲҪ˯
ⲻô⡣
һʱ䣬л죬ѵϹʻȥˡ
Ƿѩҹл§СܣȺһ۵Сۡͷ͵Ʊ紵ĻζһȵӰϡ
һ̡̣̣
СûӦлԼǵɵƤеᡣ
ҪôǸС棿Ҳ˯Ƥӷл̲ס顣
ͷһδӣû飬治塣
֪С⻰Ȼ֣صطǸ˰ģС¡
лסƬ̣ȻеĪζܳûʣ㻹֪£ʱôˣ
Сܲѣлʱֻӣ˵ˡ
л
лҸֽʱãȥ
Сܲ⣬ҾʵҲóԷ˯һΪʲô
⣬ô
֡
ҹ֣Ҳ󡣡
Ҳܺÿ
㾿˭Сľˣô첲գ
Сܲ˵ˣתȥллĺס
ţ
үүôżͽˣǡ˵˭˭͵¡
ǹУر࣬Щʲôٰʮ겻ﴫţôҹģȻҪǣ
鷳
ѵõ徻ˣлȻá̧һָΪ¿ţƤҲ̧ʣܼô
æͷܼ˵Ҫھ͡
û˵꣬ŷǰһ򿪣±ǰһסԭҪ˵°仰ˡ
ڸʲôأֻǺӣųһ죡ã²ŵؼе
лǺܲΪȻȻΪСһƤȻҪû˼ҲҶСûǷġ
ֻСܵĿ飬Ҫ˵и飬Ҳֳ׵ܵ顣
лԼôΪġ
СܣѹͲµھʲô
ǲô˵Сƺϲ£лҪȥߡ
ֻȻˣϰȴû
¾Ϳ˽һĻ
գۼ䣬СܵѾӺƤ̽䵽ϣȽЬϰȴɱл§ڻҲ¾á
䣬첲ֲʹˡ
ΣСܲаʹȡ
ʮŬȻûá
գСֻ÷һֹϣϰڱֻŲЬӣ۾ضµ£
ǲٰ̧ȥ̧ȥ
£
ֱлӲۺķѩˣһ̲סصᣬһ˵궿ˣ϶Ҫ
ӣȱϲҡ
ҪүôͶûУǫ̂°
ţлʵ澿ôˣ
һ仰¶ʱɴ⣬˳¾ˣæ˵а㲻ˣæȥա
лһ
ȷȥаǸɱģҪûǴĻǸаұˡ
ҡҡͷ϶ȷȷΪǣòõķβ𡣡
л˺һᡣ
żճһβ𣬴ʮлҪ֡⻹ǰ͵ڶŶµĹأҪ²ᣬˡ
ðɡȥһۡ
Ȼɻ󣬵ŲлҲĳ£ȥ
ֻǰȻԸ£ҵСľ˰ɣ´ס
лҪ˵
С2.0˵Ǿҿɰruaң///

簲
С߹ǵóԽ~
˳˵Ҫţĸ¿ҪŲϡ


31 
лȥ, ðŷѩҹȥġ
ȥ֮ǰлҲɹΪ˶Ըɵľ֣ȥ֪֮, ԭˡ
ֻ³ĺܻлЦˡ
ܲЦôߴŵļСѧʲôãǵѧܣ۾ϵͷѪ, ȷʵ, ȴƲס
֮лϵʱ, ЩСѾƣһɹͷ亹ֹǾסŵĳܡ
ҹɫĽл￴, ŵģʵһֻ֪ʲôƳɵޡ
ò绢ᣬͷ, ӥжС¥ôߡ
ǡö˶˵ʲô, Ƿô
ô˰ɣ˰ɣס˰ɣ
Ҫҹܹæƨɡ
ۺס, ִ֮ɷ, лʵô֡
˵ʵڵģСһ, лСľ档
Ϊû˼ϵʱ, лĻû, ˲Ϣ֮Ų֮, ųʶ̽ǹѨ
һ̣𣬲Ƭ̣㽫ƷճһѲм
м׷УһЩлϣϻ˿ڣЩ˿ȫ̱ˡ
һзĶܿ죬ԵлЩ߰Ľ߳ʱС֡
֣Ƕлһء
ʵǰЩԼߵҴСţле㲻⡣
ʧ˵Ŀߴ˵鷳лȴһ¡
ΪʲôҪ͵͵олʣԷ֮ʵһҲ޷ĻܡҪǾⶫȤѧȥſڴҾͺˣţȻͻѸķ̸ǣ£ҲһЩûʶĵС
ģβƮŵģⷢʣȴѷۼлֵļСţŵݴ
һСģ̱˵ϡ
ǡ
лûϵԼڵһʻܰЩСųʱܰա
Ϊµ¹Щ˱ιȥлֻóԲȣٵǲغ£ҷһʣʵ޿֮⣬ֻǡˣͷҾͰָܵĽһ£ͳ
˵һ㣬ˡ
ΪлǸСڵϣֹˡ
ˡˡʲôö˶˵ΪʲôҪˡ
лǰ̤ʣȴǸСֹ˼һ룬ȫ̰ˮһ㡣
״лסƬ̣ʶͷȥԼŻҽ
ȻлЦˣΪȻʶһ£ǾǣЩǶηԶлиء
ЩΪʲôҪ͵͵оˣҲµֻ澿ʲôˡ
ۺЩˣֹη񣬻ơ
ԭȥˣתƣ׺ɣһѾ˷ǡ
µֿܹ˭أ

֮͵͵оԭԸҵģǲǣãлŴ˼лת´ŵ嵭Цʣû뵽оʧˣƲסˣҹҹæʰо֣ǲǣ
ÿһ䣬Цͱøһ㡣ʵһ䣬лûסЩСǰȫ޹˼ɵЦ
ʲôأ˵¹ŵ⼸СţӶ㲻ϣֻǿѧӤ
һڱˣΪʲôҪͼӤĶ
ЩӤֲô
ǰûл룺еˣԺٲۺˡ
ҲǸɣҹüлϵĺʵûɾ˿񼤵֮£Ŀھֿʼˡ
ֹĿۣ䣬ͷ䣬뼴̾ͱסʲôů͵ĶٴǶһ
¶أƸǶⲻŮٹһƬֻʣлվһѷǰϰʱʱ֣ͷмɫ罻ӿĵаħ
аħȴޱѵġ
Ȼﲻˣ£ʵֲ˱˶л롣
۵ˣлеƲסԼԻĿæҪ뿪
ﵢˣٴȥ½ֵö༸лԶ
ֻǽȥˣлûסתĳض
ﳤʲôлָ̧ԼԴޱʽŵ¹Щˡ
Ȼû˸Ҵ𻰡
лֻԹԵؽŽ͵ӣûԵ˼
԰Ժܶ೤ۣȻҪңǾ΢ϸһ㣬ٲҪΪ鷳˳ɲɣĲᣬͽ£ǸаħͶͷҲʣˡл˵ߺε̾˶٣ֵҴһš
߸Сţ
Ҳǣ˽͵оŶԸ˼ҵĶо˲Ӻ󣬻Ҫ֪ܹܵȥ˼Ұæ
¸˭˭÷Ҳлʱġ
ΪСŶʱͰͷø˵㡣
СϷˣҲ˲лֺлֻǵֻӵСèȻẮģȴŭɶ
ǡ
ʹҪܷ֮ӡסĿ棬лҲֻ˲бˣƺۿлΪֲ
ΪۺסЩȫǹѽ
ֶӵ֮£лܱ֤Լһգܱ֤ԼԶô
һ򲽽ʹлܱ֤Ǹ
˵ˣҪδѵģĥһлպĲˣǡ
ɷ֮䣬վǸһ޷Խĺ蹵
ʹлЩۺĹͣôǡ
ˣܵеܱ˴ƺסĶ
ҡҾлԶѣҲòġ
ΪлΪ˱ǣǸԸɵĻᰡ
ʲôǷһΪģܵɽ磬Ӵֻ֤֮࣬ô
ǣлȷԸģҲ˵ܶβڣѱѱлֺأ
û׼лں֮󣬾뱨ЩҲ򲻿ŵĿأ
Ҫ֪лܺۺ˰
ʵϣǾ˽͵͵оԸлķӣоƾ֮ܳķӣлɱ˻ˣΪպлǲʱǰһݴˡ
ǡҲûʲôѽ
ҲΪ²룬ͺлɣԸۺһҲΪѽ
˵ʵлãл̫Ĵ˵ʲôҲϰЩHȫǵùִʲôۺ
ٿۺ㽨ôôôһȦڲлԼ˲˹ģҪЩù˸ĵǺ¡
ǡҲֻΪ̫£оһ̵ˣ޹ѽֻ̫Լ߬ԼˣѵҲдô
еһУȫֻΪǡΪĺѽ

۵Сô룬лѾǺˣΪĺۡ
ôôۡ
ΪԵʣлʱȻģˣЩǰɪŵķǣȫһ⣬޲ü̾ͳȥ׽סһڳԽ
ʵԭôصģ˭лûۺ淸֪ÿĿ۵ʱ򣬻Ѫͳõҩ
ټʱʵûнô
ģֻǺܺ¡лﷴԼ˵
ǷȰο֮࣬һ˵ǣΪξͲ㣿
Ǻ㰡
Щֻڻ˵ζ˵ֱҪ
лסԴѸǰڻûסŵء
ö
Ҫܳһڣֻһڡ
лããȻۣСżˤˣæܹҪܴﶼˡ
ҪҾͻģ
ԡԣҪΪǾֳɵҩ
ǽأִ󣬷ûʲôˣлǾͷʹ̡
УִֶԿš
һ˵㿴ǻǹģʱ֣ǣĳаħˡ
һ˵ôô֪ңǸһأ
һʱ䣬ôأͣЪţʱһЩʱǵһЩ
лȴֻøˡ
̫ˣֻһûʲôġ
㱼䣬лǸҷ·һ¾ͱˡסһ˲ڼȼĥ³Ǽ֣ʶ촽
ööԶֻҪһͺã
л΢΢ԼϵЦԵºһЩºһЩۣĴ߶Լڵ
ܿͺˣܿ졭
ָӴ˲䣬һޱȰĵ嵭ľƮлʱۡ
ȻͿСվǰ
лʲôʱģ
Сڣһʮл˲ͱˡ
Ա֮Ǻ棬лỹѣȻСܣʶ뵽ĵһǣôǵģҷŲǽ¿㣬
˵ǳ֮⣬󡣡л⻰СܺܿӦشҪǣû˸ҡ
л
ҲǣȻ©
ʲôֲܡл˵Ǽ⡣
һճûõСܿ⸱Ǳʵܶˣǰڳаڵų
СȴԹ԰Ļᡣ
СһѽӵϷĿ⵭ɨʡʲôƽ˵ȻǴؼңӦҪ˯
˵Ҫһ˯ұ˯ţû㱧ңô󡭡
㣬ؼҡ
ؼһ˯
лллж֮е㲻Ҷ
ʾˣˡ
ľܾľܣôǰҺ֣Сľ֪֪˵Щʵȫİ
лҪ˵
лͶףлӪҺ~
С1.0ʲôأֻǺѧѧ˯Ͼл˾͵óԷ˯QAQ
лĴžֵñˣС1.0ʲôأֻǸw


32 Ϲ
лСܵĲ, β͵͵Ⱥķ
УŻҪҪ˵ٿضƬ, Ȼ
ֻĺˡ
˵Ҫ˵ڸ̾СˣҪôһɴ
˵Ҫ˵ǵڷɶҲ˵ˣʹȥЩлԺ¶ûͣʱˡ
ƫСֳܻĹһֻʹק, һקһ˵һȥ, ҲϲǴһ顣
л
ϻ, ϲ͹ˡл˵
Ҫ֪Щ˷ſɸպһֻܴսĸû
ۼЩŵϵıԽ죬л뿪ڽͣҪܹСԥ, һһ͵ʵ
үλ˭
ǰ˭ôǰû
ôʣȴлСʮָ˫, һȻɫ
š
Ǳþˣл˳СŵĿ, Ҳʶͷ˿Լ֡
Ȼ, Ǿͱٲ˽, ô˻͵һ㣬ٺ¡
˼, л㲻, ֱӵǰѻ, ϸؽ͵ǸС, Ƿģܡ
ƽͣ־һŵ֮󣬲ԼͬġŶһлݷᡣ
߸ţϸɫ뿪ʮֺÿ
һĬ
Σи˵ˡ
廨ڵĵĴСţԼ׵ĺ룬˼ͷѹʧܣԭоˡ
һֹһߵͷдš˭뵽ôԭ
ͷͬʱ»и֮⣬ǺȻлôᣬһҲˡ
׵ǣ׺ӵͷ㵽󣬻Ҫ԰οлһ䣺үؾò˼Ƕġ
л
ˣϰˣ廨ŵԻ·һһǿ

ǱᣬҾһס̫ûȤˣ죬ŷôСлԴԼսɫһ
ֻϧûš
л⻰󣬴һȫһ֡࣬ǾͿűࡱĹŹֱ飬СƯһ
廨ǸСţڿСܵһ˫۾Ҳ֪ԲʲôĹ£ȻԽԽҪСӷŲǿվȡ
ô˵ء
֮Сܵ⵽ƺԭŵĽŷΧȻһֺܲ˵ķٻȥˡ
ڻڳŮնе㷺죬еǿл񣬶˵ͬ顣
ôͬʱһҺܶ㣬Һ㡱ı鿴ţлֱڡ
ѾôˣͶԴֹˮûַʽܡ
⻹֮ϲء
Ȼǡ
лޱתͷ˿ߵСܡ
̫࣬ôһ˲䣬лԼе㻳ԼСܵĿˡ
ˡл˵ҵΪɶţ
Ϊɶ߼ͨ˳
һȣ˵Щ˵߼Ĵβͨ˳ˣ
ÿζԼ߼ͨ˳
԰ǰôû뵽ɲͳˣ
ҪܴӴ˺ߴűǰӣôǱٶ׵лҲʲô

ҲǶⳡ־磬лڷӦͳЩŵ֮ķͽǰ
л룺ǰ˼·һֱˡ
ǰ
ɣԶڷֵزҪ˵ʲôҲͼ̫αˣҪ˵ʵֻ̰ŷ̻˵ֲ
仰˵еʵ̰ͼĶеñ˾ܱǣסñ˲¡
ԽǺԽҪŬ˽ʵʲôҲͼʲôҲ˺̫ʵ䷴ˡ
ͨһлֻûȻʣСܵҲѰܶ࣬˿Ƶһ京
ͨ˾ͲˣʲôѹͲҪлֱӷΪŴһ̳嵽Լĵһߡ
ʵл̾
ֹҪһһ̾ùһſҡͷҡһƬôı˺Ͳɣ
ʵ˵˰ɣڷʵԭһǡٹҾܾһһҲ£ɽʹ߶˵ȥɽ磬󶼱Ĺɶܸˡ
һָ廨ǸСţ˹ģĲŻϲɣҶԡ
ܺȾƣܶǮ/潣ˡʵǿţܻԴã/ֱ˵ø
˵Ժ󣬻˳СܵļһǸ˼Сĵöе£̲סһʱһʱתͷȺŵӣ۾д˺棬ͻظһ䣺ʲô/潣
лҲҭˣ˳Сܻ˵һĶ͵/潾˯
ŶˡȻСܹȻûйֱӰ˯/ﻭ˸صĵȺţﲻݣͷεһͱˣ˵˾͵óԷ/潣Ҫȥꡣ
ڳһŵӣ
ô£ΪɶȻ;λͨڱýӵࣿ
һʱ䣬˷಻
ϸүۺôҲм˰ɣã廨ǸСſʵ
ǰٵüˡл˼æ¿˳žͻشˣЦʵƽʱЩҲм١֮ǰȷʵɱлԶֻ⣬ҲԴǴ֮󣬲ŷԼԹе࣬ʱڹƶ˻ˣԲűơ
һưƢʹ󡣡֮⣬лûپǴ֮󣬹ƢŹ֣粻ٴţǸЩ˳˸ɣǺȻú˲١
أо飬Ѿȫȶ˵ָָСܣ·±˲ƵģҪξ˵žͿǽȱ£Ҽ˲ֹûæˣǾ˵˵Ƣöðɡ
˵˵žе飬ԽԽС
Ǻڴڶͨ˵˵ٿʱûô䱸ˡ
ֹ䱸меԾԾԡ
ʱ糾ͣʱû̬ͣת䶼ܿ죬ھҪ¥ǸС¥л뿪֮ǰȻЦشյлСүųŵָܵ壬
ԣлץСһתͷС¥ȴС¥ʵûڿճƯܡ
үҲ֪Ƿ¥ȫ޺쳾߸ģҪǡҪָ塭˵סĿСܴɰ׵ָؽڴɨɨȥ̾ԼģӶѽүģֻҪָܰǷ¥Тÿ귭
л
лĬĬСܵǰһ㣬סƯָ֧źȥŰɣ˾͸㡣
лҪ˵
簲~
дũߵĹ£趨лߴֻ֮˼ĽǶȲͬ˼仹ǺůģЩw
أůѰһ㣡
ps.ʱˣΪҷű޿ɵ죬Ļ̲ס͸QAQ
лУidܶŵıӣҺ̨ʾ۾Ȼɾhhh㷴˼һ£㵽ʲôŻᱻɾw


33 ̰
Сܵĸ, л첻ƽصۺˣûٳ
ڻԺ´ҹȴûܼ˯
ΪйǵĶ䶼ܳ, ˳ŷѰѷ淢飬˸
лǰŸţ̧ͷͼһι״Ĺһ۰Ͱ͵ؾ͵ˡ
ǰ, ֪ô, СƺñƽʱƯһЩ, ǴĻûôˡ
үһл뵱ȻؾǰƮֱɷˣ㿪һЩ, ̧סӣ֮⣬ֻСǿɲǹⲻİ
лɵüСˣ
ѽѽ, ˵ŵߣɲǰˣͷֻаˡ
˵, Աжһ, ŶƤǶǶǰϻ, ǻ۲Ÿûأȥ, үҪŵڶ, ˭ŵһ
˶⻰, ¾ֻЦ, ЦͷС˵ǹȥġ
л
лСվڳſڣܣһů
֪ˡãлЦŵл
ôܲǹûţһճûõСܶʲôһ´ͷСܶԱֹѰҵġ
仰˵ЩԹ޷⣬˵ʲôҲֻصĹʵΪαֲóȻǣڱŷıء
ⶼůˣá
˼ˣлûס䴽ǡ
лǸЦġ
ˣڳ˹ȫһղĳĬֻСһãȻĳסлǣСôƯˣ
лƵ֣ѾӣԼСԺˡ
ΪܿƯıƯ˰ɡл˵Ҵû뵽Թ⣬Сˣû׼дô
˵ģȴ˼
ɲôǰôû뵽أôԹ⿿һջ⣬µûȥ
ܾʹ˻һ˼·ǽ⿪˳⣬ŲµǸĽأ
Ǹоʵûбأ
ǽһֻдͬ
ôţлһ·ͣͣСܺĻûע⵽ԼಽСԺЩ
֮һֻ̤Ժ֮лź֪ظܵƺɢ
תͼЩֲûоʹɢȥ˼ֱð̹أСܿ
һ죬εһ̲סƮĻ
үⶼطˣզأһ˵ţһ͵лСܽǣ˫֣ԵѾˣסһѽ
ۺиĵĹأÿ̸ʱлΪ㡱ֻѰ̸죬ԣ˵ʱĳлΪǶҪ·л鲻ã֮ҪСĽЩ
ºлΪ㡱Ϊлܺã뵽淢һУ̲סȼܵİ֮ˡ
ڰ֮࣬ñŸε̬ȣлһ䣬үżСأܼ̾ãôǽ̽ѽ
ѣСܵķŬ졣
л
Ҫǽʲô
Ȼڳѻ˵ףлʵѹûʲô롣ǰû˵ѣѾСܣʵ̶ֻܴΪ֡
˵ΪʲôֻҪôÿ
ϻ˭˰
л䰮
ԣ°֮л㶷ӳƬ̣Խת»ʲô˼
ԺлƤˣæſСܵ֡
ΪģЩ滹Сأʲô̰ƺɫĻ
˵ЩСҲ˼ˡ
ǡȻҪעؽ
˵ҪʲôҲС֣ܶҲԵ̫ûƷˣڱƵֵز
˵˵ˣҲѭ򽥽ɣ˵ǰֻľܣŪãԺҲԼϲء
ԣԣСܳǴΪ˿ֵģǧܱЩ˸ƽȥˣϹĥʲôأ
ôţлƬ̣תͷСܵѾˣԼķȥɡ
Сȴ顣
ǷҸ˵һһסͷˡС
л
ôʱʵģ
ŵͷΪ뵽˽Թķο
лͣڳй֣ȫһϷģдšã֣˰ɡͺȻѽ͵Ļָʻȥˡ
ǡɶɽ͵ģӰб
˵զ
󣬲ʲôɲɣ£乭վִٵþ͸׽˼Ƶġ
ȫûҪ
˵СôЩлǲҪҲôûӰ졣
˵һж˳ȻɣôڣСܻû˼ء
˵պһˡ
Ժ飬ԺҲ١
Ǿ仰ֻҪ˳Ȼͺˡ
ͨһлڲ֪Уְ˸ֱͦ˲١ڹֲ´˳־Сܻˡ

ļ£ӶƽΪǹԼĳŵлʼָ壬Ըܵķ춼Լ鷿
ϵޣȻһʯɱôõİ취Щ˴ܵĲ¹
ҪѡȫȫҪѡ΢ĶƩշµľͷ֮֮࣬һҪһЩͨ˳Ķ
㾦ҲѪעɰȻһĶͻֻݣ˳һ£ǲŶһ¡ôȫǣ
ҿŻԺɨʰ׺мݾ㹻ˡ
¥¥ʾ;
ļǮѹɲôҲ÷屶˱ġ
ôлƤô˭ᰡЩԺ󻹻᲻Ϊ󡱶

ôţһСȥлԸָ嶼ϣװɲᣬСܰڳſڣȡ
˵лһֱܳСܣΪСΨһܿĶ۶ԷҪʲô취㡣Ϊܳ裬СҲԽԸ׽ߵʱԽԽ
ΨһϧǣСʱ䣬СҲûгߣǸ֮䣬¶ģѧҲȽǴԼͬʮ꺢ֻͯлָȤ˵ЦɬѶġ
š
ô˵Ҳ׼ȷΪСȻѧĺѧȴܿ졣
˼ʵлⷢСܵ츳ʱûסЦˣһľܣȴЩǸܣ⻰Ҫ˵ȥûš
ֻЦﻹеɡ
񿴼Լֵ///̳һƷԽԽˡ
Ȼ
Ȼٿǣ͸ˡ
ԾôأѵҪʮ꣬ϰʱȥ̣
˵̵ĹҲͦȤģһ̲أ
Ҫ̲ɣúСܣʹһź
źл룺ҸӿⶫǣˣΪԽԽ֪ľڿǺʲôˡ
Ǻ̰ĵģҪǸ¶һݵƷ˭
¶һأͺܼ
ԲܳͷˣҲС೤۶
򣬿СѣͿҵѸٶȻЩԩķˣ֮أһ˵һ
һۺˣлҲˣôһɵɵС///ϣöµ຦°
Ͼ֮ǰлԼҲΪǶûдۺ֮Уû뵽龹ת
Աþ죬ؽˡ

лҪ˵
簲~
С1.0УԽȻС
¸ۣͷ֪///ҲᱻΣгܣҲ̫ˡ


34 
Ϊ֮ǰûй, лΪ˺Щ飬ټԼЩ飬ڵóһ, ܲԸܵĽۡСܿ£ƺ̫ð졣
ҪЩҩĻ˵Դӷ¥ТۣѰĵطڰСܴǵĹ, һɵĹ
ÿһζҪķһ, ÿֻʮ֮һĿܻɹ
仰˵, лҪСܱø͵ԼĹȥһܻ
˵ˣʵһպܴ顣
лԼЩԥ, 첻֪ƣСҲ˳ۺܶ࣬þ󲻿ǣҲͦɰġ
ֻôһл˼, ͷˡżƻԶϲϱ仯гЩ˰ٰʮ껹ԵĹǺ鸣, лҪͷ, ձһЩŹֵ緹״, Ҳûð
ȻǸѵõ죬лճ˻, һΪ, һ̲, Сԡ
ʵԴС֮, лճϢһϦ֮˺ܶ࣬һʹӲ£ÿɽʱҪù̶ʱĴڤ룬˯ߡ
˵лÿЩˣζ쳣ƫС֮⣬û˸ҳˡ
Ҳ⡣
лѾо̲ˣһɫ죬ʵسŨĺ״˿浽׶Щʳģһǿÿζȴʵ˲ҹά
˵һֱڽ
÷̺죬ûԱǸСʵʳΪζֻѰ˵ɣʱμʳԡ
ֻǽıе֡
Ҳ֪ǲǴлܾСܽ˼ڳϣʱʱ͵һۡ
͹۽Ƴ͵
ΪСܵߣлʵں˽֪ʻıٳϣһˣ϶ǱϹʲô
Ϲ̵Ķ̫кܶ಻ǰƣټС̫ܽԾˣлûɵĸеܵǡ
֮࣬ûһţ顣
ȻǸľܣÿһţ飬ȵĶˣû׼ܳأ
ˣл˼һСܸɳʲôֵ֮ǰϸú̸һ̸
Ͼȷ˾ˡ
˵Сһزסʲôʲô¸ɵô䣬һǧ˰ûùҶɡ
ôţл͵ȿˡ
ֺ˵ʲôˣлʡ
Ǹʾ䣬βȴʵʵڵ³ʮֿ϶дšһֺ˵ʲôˡ
Ȼл߻䣬Сʱش޲գŴ۾ʼ¡
˵˺ЩҺֵܶ⣬벻ô𡣡С˵˵ˣҲҪ˵Ļ㡣
Ȼô˵лʾѾʮַḻպ׽Ǻ׽
㡣Сδõԥ
ƽʱס˭ķӣ
ġ
ƽʱ˭ķ
ġشʱСûסüĬΣں油һ䣬ĲҪԷ
һ⣬˭ģСһĻشлѡˣȫûк䡣
лţСҲûϸǸնصͷ㡣
лˣ̧СܵͷٰװţıǰƣͰ㻰ô𰡣ºûôеĹϵû׼ڶ棬뿴󣬵Զվһߡ
ԣСܳ°˼һᡪȻ񷢴
չлﵹʮһһ꣬ȻСðɣȫ㡣
лʮصͷ°ͣʾ˵
ʵҲûʲôСܵͷ룬ȶһһƬ˵磬ضл˵ǸҿЩС顣
˵žͿʼ㵸ŰڳöŹƣüЩСƶܹ֣СԱ߻Щ֣ҿ̫¸ҽ
ȣΪʲôû˯˵ȻҲ֪æʲôĺæźЩ춼鷿˵ͣ£Ӻ˵ţ飬촽ϱһȦס
лв֮У̧̧֣ȻСܼ˵Լû
ȻСٽŵǲǺϲ㣬ʲôϲ˵ÿ춼ţ˾ͺܸˣһ룬ƺȷʵҾ͵ͷˣһû棬Һܲġ
ʲô
ֽѽȸ˵Сһ˵Ŷˣ˯˯鷿
л
лôģ
СӦͷȫԼ˵ˣ֮󣬾ͳĬ˺һᣬȻңҼȻϲ㣬ͲһֱôģҪѧһ㶫ѧԸ棬ҪȥСľˣΪϴæʱҡ
лһ飬½̸СЩ߰ĶȻ˵Ԥ衣
ٺ¾͸ҿЩ顣
˵ϵϷȤб졮ιιĺ㣬֧ʹǣʵеѳɡšιѳʲô˼
л
лÿθ͸͵ô죬ȼ˵Щϸڡ
ŶСȷʵ⣬ƽƽؼ»˵շϰߣһԺһ๫л๫
л
ǰǸʲôİ
бô㿴Ǳڴôҿлʡ
أⱾСذС齻ṩֻ֤һѵģ˵ˣⱾĺöܶ࣬оʵ
žડ
Сܻ£һɧɫƤСӱϣƤϺȻӡ֡Ϸ
л
лԼսľͷһеڵô̳ûսг塣
ʲô¶ƨ
ʵþͲԣСʲôϲϲϲϲ£Ҳ˵ϲϲϲȸҲϲϲ
ǣ뿪ǣҪô˽ɶѧɶѧƫˣɷ¥¥е;ˡ
лϵķƤСûˡ
һ飬һ̲סһС¥Щһ˦СĹģֻᣬþû֮ȥƾȾ
һʱ䣬л㱻ԼеĻųħæҡҡͷЩ߰ĶԴγȥˡ
һתͷͼСںţ顣
һڣһ촽ٵŴ׵ϸ£ϲţζЦ㣬ֻСè
л
лסƬ̣һ¾ͰС׸ˣرض̱죬Էҧס
Сܣ
Сܣǰû̹ѽ
ͽˣԺ󶼲ôɡ
ŶԵСֻõͷΣֿʼֹŹֵл˵ĶôҪѧĶͲ˯鷿ˣ
л
뿪ҲסҪԼСܳӣΪû˴ޣʧһٴΣԺҲǰܼҽСľˣ̳ʲôˣڻ֮ʣ洿ˣ
лҪ˵
£硪˭أôое䣿

簲~
ǲ30ŵĸ£绹һ~
УѽףɰıµһﶼܷƣԲ֣꿼عһ䣬ҪԶѷ


35 
ǸľͷɵС, һ㣬Լ֪
֪Ǹл
סطۺ, ೤ͳղһĵˣֻǿüţҶܰޡ
ǵл˵ֿüŵĶС
, ʵʲô֪, һҲ
ԶֻСӶŪ, Ӳ˵Ļ
Ʃ˵ʵĺϲˣ£ȸʱϲ, Щһ
徿ôһ˵塣
Ĵʻƶ񲢲ΪһЩϲҵʵ档
ֻ֪Լڸʱ, ۿĵһˣ, ˺Ӵ, Ҳˡ
ƺǺϲһЩ֫ϵĽӴ, Ʃ籧һһʲôġ
ÿ̧ͷ, ܻʶЦúܿġ
ȫÿ, ֪ʵϲ, Ҳϲ, ͷһϵζ
ƺÿ˸еˣֻҪڣܻĪƽ
ƺ˶ԣҲһǳڲͬĴڡ
ҲϲԼϲ˵ϲһû֤ݡ
ϲſĶԱֹ˵ʲô¿ˣֵĻܷꡣ
¿ܡ
ˣ˹Ȼݺݷһ٣תͷֺº͵İο֤ԼԲڶһСľ
˺ܸˣ֮Щʧ䡣
ΪȻĻֻ˵Ǻѧˡ
˵֮ԻϲˣΪܶԿʦȻ׽ÿܶϲԼĿʦʵʲô
ֱ˵òԣ벻ʲôĻ
벻ͨ
ѵĿʦҲԼľô
棬˵һػҲҪʲôʲôŷĺģЦܺÿ
ʵЦźÿ۾ˮӳ졣
ʵ˶ЦЦ룺˶ûʶŵʱʵЦˡ
ЦҲִŵ㻳ζǳЦЦӲӵ۾Ǹһʵñ˿С
ܸоʵǸܰģҺϲͱ档
ϧ˶̫
Ŷˣ֪ʲôԭ֮Դ˾Ļ
£˵ëԽԽˣ꿿̫Ҳе
ֻ⣬һֱ⿿
֪ʵ⣬ܲˣᡣᣬƽͳЩǽӴСϸԾվԶԶģڳ첻ЩȻ˺ܾηηܲɱزŵ㺦¡
ʵ˵һ㺦£еܲ
ΪʲôЩ˻ẦˣܺãܺûƢ
밲οˣԼԶẦ£Լϲ
ÿζüǲֺ˵ʲôˡܿա
һ˵üˣЩ˶ֱЦһСľˣûģô֪ʲôϲ
˵ţǽڷָ͵˵ؿڣһϷģ
ããȻһģȻʲôûС
Լؿ֮ǣ֣ȥ˵Ŀڡ
һأֱȰĿϣһ㱡ĶӲϣʲôǻ
飬飬顣
Ҷ
ʱסƬ̣ǱƵģһ³֣ǻȻӿһֺܵ
һξԼ˲һûģŵġ
ԭԴӳһֱסۺ˴ʶ֣Է˯ԼǸľˣʱԼЩһĴֱ죬еԼ˵Ĳһ
˶˵ĵˣŻᶮʲôϲֻǸСܣǿյģԶ
ߡ
˵ʵǺߣΪ޷֤ԼߣΪԱ̫˱Լߣ֮Ƣһкü춼ûٺ˵
ֱһ죬ܹѾҩĶ׼ˣ벻
ʣܲģ
ҡͷǳӣǳģ˵һСܣֻӾͿˣҪ泤˲õö຦£ʱָΪڳоʲôаˡ
һããȻصͷ˵Ҫ䡣
ܳҲܺãܰԼ˵Ļ˵ˣÿֻСβƵ׷һһ˽ϲš
ġ
˶оľô֪Ͼ˿ˡ
ûģҲ˰ɣ
ȻһҪͷȥҪ˵ʱ˲Ϊ⣬ֻòģͷ˿Լŵһ׷
֣ΪʲôȻҪҸ֡ʱ˵֮϶ܸգҲӣҪôշɣüǣһÿ
˵һ˶٣̧ͷܲĴ⡣
ۺ죬֪
Ǵ˵ôͽСšɣţȡϣ֮⣬ϾۺѽͿˡ
ĺܳһ˵Ҫ󣬳ҹҹҩ
Ҳ֪Щҩʲôģ֮ÿһΣӾͱȴǰһЩ붫ĸоҲͨ͸
ҩ˵
ֻÿݹܻ֮ûɵһʱ䣬Ҫ˯ָܻѲ¿Ŀɿڴڷչÿ¶ҪһֺܾҪĴָ
Ҳˣ˵Щһ붼
˵ҩĺܻƣ
ȻҪҲԼһһݣһƣʱ˿ɻеŹ֡
Ź֣ҪһԼֹţ˵ôһͦõСľˣǱǵùߵĸ궿ˡ
ģֻǾⷦҪ˸һⷦº۵˯ȥ
㲻ΪʲôҪѵϽ졣
ֱһءʵϾԼҲǵãڼҩ֮Ǵݽȥ֮󣬸оƺе㲻һ
еһɹ̵ֱǣƲɵ֮£ջʶ忪ˡ
ͷСȻЩ̧ȥһɢҵ鷢
ƺʲôڴҪ
ֻ˷٣ͷȻһССѿһƬСҶӡ
ͷĪһƬСҶӣ
ţСҶӾۿɼٶѸͷֳ߼磬󿪳һ䵭ɫС
СʢҲʱۣһ¾ЩδйĶ֮УҪ˵
תͷͼһְԡͰһʶͷҡҡλС
£ôˣǳɹ˵˼ôֱָⶼȻʲôƵģһ֣ѽˣǻأҿɲ
ˣüͷȴøˣûס֣һǼƬ
ףΪʲôûήأɻϣƵģػطĦ˺þã}˵⣬ֹûήԽԽء
걻ĸо֣ԡͰ˸£ֹ
ɫСָţȷʵԽԽˣϸɫøˡ
ǡ
ıϥԡͰУ̣̣޿̵ؿڣǸ쿴Ǻܿ׵ˡ
ˡ˵ܲãһոճ󣬺ȻͨһеգСһֲڳ֮ʣῪ㶮ҵ˼ô
⻰ƺסƬ̣ð춼ûס
סƬ̹ȥ֣¶һǿŵΡ
Լֱ飬׶Էˡ
Ϊ
ϵֲ˵ϿĻʵǡ///ֳ//////١
һʱ䣬һͰ֮۵Сۡ
ͷǶСʱ˻Σӵֱͦˡ

лҪ˵
~
ʲôӦС1.5ˣûȫӳˣġ


36 ˼
лûͷС, Ȼף۾ȴ̲ס͵͵ǶС, ˵⵽ˣûɣ
ҪǳˣΪСŶûӦ
ҪûɣΪֻῪ
Уһԡ
лƬ, ǿԼٰעСͷǶ仨, ת뵽ûǰ, ҪСβƵĸֱһͨϹ̣ʱʵСŶѽ, ڻϲ𣿡
ÿɵӵ
ϲ˵ͷС˻Σʮֿɰ
ô˵лһʱеãȻ, ֱȱȻزǣϲµϲ, ҵ˼˵, ڻҳ𣿡
롣һִն
лܷ
֮໹еɥ, ǰһ˳һѷԴ, ̧ȴСһΰε, ְָȥˡ
, ûɡл̾Ϣְ, ˵ǵڼγţƫƫÿõҩĻͦһΣ³ЩСӣͶǲֻѾȽײˡ
һ˵һҡͷ˳ְϵļ׸ţԹָӡ
ϵ˰ѾȬòˣҲ֤оİȷʵáѾȡý׶ʤغܴܿΧʹá
仰˵ÿһҩ͵£Աĵһɹȫ޻Ĺɣڰʽɹ֮ǰŻλᣬΪСҩ
÷ΪʲôһֱŪأ

лΪ֪ڼεġʧܡ̾ʱ׹ȥЩ·ȫѹڷͷϣס˷ŴҲס˿е㲻ݵĹŹֱ顣
ãˮ𣬷ŴҩͰʼͷ·Ƶģĳˡ
лתͷ˷һۣҲûܻʲôܵЦźţţСŶˣϿ·ˣš
ˣֵͷȥֹ˲ء
ţ
ҧһ촽ǿסûͷСɫɺתס
ǰãѿǣȴԼϲ˵С
оɲ̫á
Ҳûٶʲôˣһߴ·һͼ˼Լ˵ĸ飬ԽԽãһϲûʲôԥġ
ϲϲ룺ʹȥ¶֮ҲǸ֪ͨľͷԴȫΪл֤Լĳˣݸ顣
ҲǸľͷԴҲǡ
ϦദôãĻѰܺͿʦĹϵˣΪԼĿ֣дÿд䣬Ļеڶô˵Ŀʦ
һ˯ǰ¡
˭û¸ԼĿܽ˯ǰ°ӻˡ
һʱ䣬ԽԽлĲΣҲԼ롣
ιѵΪûģ˵ĻȫõĳĬϵһĵʵ
ʵһ飬лֻ˳Լȫ˼оҩ䷽ϣû
Ƿһ顣
лˣˣעصȴеᡣ
ţ˵ʲôлѭ̧ͷٿһ£߹ץŷżҡҡ㷽źҡι㲻ٺл๫䷽ͦף΢еãûǸտҲСԴѩϼ˪
ţ
Ƕţ٣
ˣЩˡлпһ룬ȻʲôƵģ˳ȥǰҪ̧̨ҶӣҷͷǶ仨ȻûݣǲǾ˵
δ䣬ָ⴦˿˿ƵĺԳѺúһճɻˡ
л
л͸˪Ƶģһ¾ˡ
ʵڲô嶯ģ˺þˡлüҡͷ治öԼʲô
ͷҡҡţ̲סͷСп֮ɫ
Ƕջ󰡡
Ƭ̺ΪŷŸЩлڰشۡ
÷ر𷳣ܿ
Ǽлʵ̫ˣϵı飬

ҪʵʵԹΣźȻڵҲ֪ǴΪ˺лˣ滰֮ŤŤģΪΪҲһ㶼ҷź˵ò׼ȷʵǡǱȽϡšС
еþȸƵģһ
ǡ˭лΨһһ仨أ
Ϊ˺˸ˣҧ̾͹ȥˡ
ôţյлԣͷԷ˻ԼͷС֮⡣
л
лŷŹ˵⼸仰ҧгݣģʱͱȷŸãȻˣȻûҶ
ô㲻ҪƭҡлŽɡ
صһͷСش𣺡ûƭ㣬ģ㰲ɡ
л죬Сʳָָһ£ȻѸײڶ֮ƣѸջ֡
ҲţҲϽҿٸҿл϶ص
ţ
Ϊʲôÿ˵滰˶ţ

ۼ岻лֻվֱˣĥĥȥˣֻʱһֱġ
лĿһֱ׷š
Ƭ̺жॷҶݴлǲ˵ʲô㶼ţ
һƽģ̫
лʱ˼ڷϣڴ߿ή˵ϡ
˵ô᲻ţлڴһǺźСܣ㲻˵ѣֻǻûг󡣡
֮ȷ÷߳ʱ򣬼ľһĻСָҪָǵֵĺ
һľͷģûǹŹСѹһЩΡΡſͷһۿȥЩΪ˸ӹţķʿһҲǴƤ³ˡ
žôƬ̣Ȼ
лæͰַȥˣһָڶû¶ֻȫڿһתͷǸƤЦģ
ȣˣžͺöˣЩл˵ͬʱ첽ǰȥͷҲûأԸŸϽϣСŶҸ㿴ö
ҼǵǰӿֻƺϲǸݣ˫ĵèѾ
ŵЦױƵģȻڿ˵ֻǸľܣûģ֮ǧһЦĳ̬ȣȴҲǶԴһͨľܡ
һлûٺͺۡ
ֻǸ뿪ͬʱȴ̲סл
֪㲻šԶľ룬СֹţҲл
ܻ뵽취֤ġ
һ죬һҵ֤˵滰һһٵأںԼ˵һһඥĶ򣬡ʱͻţĺϲ㡣
лҪ˵
簲~


37 
ǼӻСֹ, лȻû
лҴҰѷͷҪĿ͸֮󣬾˳˯
лܹ˯, ǰεʱ䶼ҪһĵûجΣΨһõģǷžȻûš
֮ллججһۿ, Ƿ, ǲ֪ȴǰƯ˶ٱ¡
ΪԸл, ϵǼ˿ڣѽȫϣµ飬Ͳ춥һѪˡ
¼л, ֵúڣһʱҪ̧һ룬ԼֻǸ, ʵְָˡ
ƮлϷ, лû, ǼűǼ, ϲү
ϲ֮лΡ
лԺգգ, һʱ֮, е㲻ʲô
ºܿԾΪˡЦү, ȻǱǰ, ȷʵܶ࣬ҲôҪƵѽǸľܣֲۣ已̥ء
Ǹľܣֲۡ
已̥ء
仰һ¾Ͱлըˣɫӵ
ƺʹ˷ŹллԱ߶߶ĥǸողѲãĿǰڴ״̬񾭣˵үҪǾϲҾٸĬдһѽǰıؿɶء
л
ԭҲ类軵ˣ֪ʵƢܺãűüΣҲǲԣԶѧĬǽĵ
лһ磬Ҫ齡
лҪȥСľˣΪʱԵģһֱǸСľˡ
лС˽⣬֪£ǵʱ׼뿪Լ֮⡣
лߵúܿ죬¾ƮģҲѸϣñ㱻ԶԶ˦
һţлһۣ߱ͼųʶѰҷڵľλá
ƺڡһ伫ƫƧòסС
ʱлسɴ磬𼱻ǵĿĵظ˹ȥ
ѵϴݵҩ˲÷ɶԴţҲˣҪĻǰЩ̿оΪʲôˣ
Զɵţһһ죬ɾۺֻ֮꣬ǰһŵùĺ˼ҾˣοҪԼ࡭
Ϊûڣл磬޲ܼĥ
طˣлһţȴԺ
һԺӵ࣬ڷѩпŻӣ½űԹġ
ҲΪ˥΢˯ȥ֮󣬲űԹġ
лһ˲Ĵ㵣ΪܸоŵϢƺǰǸС
ֻƺ嵭ľ㣬һ㡭Ϥʪ
һֺܲϢ

ʱ׷ģлվԺ治ȥ͵͡סһ
ףԼüëֲС˻ڵϣҹȥ㣬ԭ͵͵ܵ׼ϲˣҲѹϲ
²ỹãһ⻰лʱ͸о˲Ծ
ѹĿƻǺԲûоϵı仯ôһѣлʧһֻ˯죬ȴ˯֮á
ѽǣ˯֮ãڻǸе
һ£ʵǿ֮ĩĴĺˣ˿Լȴ֪˿Ȼʣ޼ˡ
ûԽԽٵĹ£
һʱ䣬лԼİСܶ˲ˣתͷ£˯ȥ⼸죬пʲô£
һǺ˽ģҡͷûзʲôѽȥûڸѵʱ֮⣬дûʲôѽ˵˯£ͷС˺ҹȥ㼸죬һܵţС˼˵ֻ̫ˣſʦͨӦ׽֮ˣʲô£СһҲùˣҲĻ
˶˶٣Ȼٴת˸䣬ɴ۾ѽˣʱС˵ɫϡ·ȷʵ̫ã뿪ʱǿҸȥˣҡҵʱҲûѽүᵽ׸оôˣȴǰɣ
л
⣬Ҳ֪Լ᾿ôˣôö˶һͱˣ
˼ˣлۣת˼Сľݵķ
һڿǺ󣬾ʹҪĳЩаӣסĿʦӴ˻þԵɣҲȫ䕄ܰ

ǸһɵÿɰСô
ԼѾǵ£ҪװޣȻ˯ȥĿյƳȫô
˼ţԺкһ磬һ㡣
лۣԺгϲ˵ݣ̾һ
ˣˣԸǸСܣƽػ᲻ú˵һǸľľСܣֺγǰԼΨһǣˣ
֮£һУܷϡ
ΪСܣӦƣɰһСһ֮Σ֮¡
οû۸ʲôҪʲôѵֻˣ鼸쵱ĸо
û˿޵ģҪĹôݺȴֻȫûзסеҲûе̫ϳˡ
ԡ
л룬ҪԼǵ˼˳һЩ´ѽү㿴ǽ£
һɤӺü񣬰лһܾ͵ͷ˳ָķȥ
ԭųüᾹȻŽţûдЬࡣ
ֹˣ»һСݡ
///ƤӴѿȴûήֻѹ
л
ֱ񼣣
ˣԹȴǳ鲻ߵģôܻܳ///ﲻࣿ
⡭޿ܣ
Ϊ̫ˣл˿üϾɲ뵽ʲô
žʱСľ߳ġ
лϣӿƺǳ˯ʱռȫ
ֻǷϲֹЩͳȥȴ޷Թ
ղŵƤƺøˣһ㸲ľͷ̶ɵĹϣ͸ƵġͷǶһͱСҲһ־Ө͸ǳɫƵĿ
¡żǰ˵ûʩתҵľܣϵЩҲܿͻġ
ֻǡ㻻

էŴԣлʱ޹ġ
͵ԼаǷħоаŷӣʩ֮һЩ֪Լӵļа֮ͽа͵ת֣һ޹֮˳еԼеֶ򡭡
ֺ˷ǳĲСںδģ
ҡûǴĻַ֮ԻᱻΪаô޴ȴʹãΪΪܣɹʻͣһɹͻʹʩ߸ĴۣˣΣǶǸ͵͵ûʲôӰ졣
仰˵ֶʵһ־һаƽʱֱǧģһЩͷԸƴһħ֮⣬ûԸã
ȻСȻ˵Ѿ
ôģʱģ
Ǻʱģѵ˯ʱ
ǻ˼壬һ㶼ҪԼõѡԶٵɣܴû׼ܿͻĵù˵ġ
˴£ȴԼ˸Ҫùͼʲôͼʲô
ѵڿǺҪģȻֵ˰˱Ѫù
һΣҲΨһһΣлԼСǰ׻ڿԷ߹֮ʱȻʶˡ
㡭л˱߿ڣǻŨŨɻ
Ȼ˸㡱ƽʱѱСܣȻһ̬ܹ߬ס֣ˡ
˵ܻҵ취֤ԼѾˣ֤Լ˵滰ŵһɢīű֮ǰ
ʵҲұҲ뵽аŷӡ
ֻҪǵϵʩ㻻ô֮䣬ڤڤ֮Ҳͱ㣬㱾ܵһУۺõĻǻģӽһоȫҵģְ취ƭ
ǻۣҸм㣬ϲ㣬Ҳ֪ʵǸӣԴӽ󡭡ͻǸ쳾ȥȥỨ㣬ȥСƤëȥ§㳣߶Щϸ֫ۺôͻذɡ
ιĺϲ㣬ڿǺҾ͸ʶһ㣬㲻šǰܺ˵ʵʲôѾԸеĻֻҪܴ㣬ˡ
лҪ˵
װǵڶ~


38 
лл
ں, ӺԶ
лٿػͷȴۺƲɢ춥Ȼƿһɫ⡣
תʱ, ȻʧҲۺ
ھۺԶһƬɫ̲ϣĸò̧ţʵ
һжǱϸźܵ˵ģȴܶ
ɿտյ, Ѱۼ, ߸ŵСžվǰ, ڳɱħƣλ
Ϊ׵ģǸ¥С¥
Ϊܾת̫죬лһ˲, ܿͷӦӦС
Ǻܳʵһػǧ֮ǰĴ, Щʹ˳ȥ
ǡ
Ƿںǵɫ, Ƿͼ߳ȥ
ֻǡ
лͽ͵ת, Ҫ˵, ȴôҲ
лȻеһĪĿֻš
Ϊʱʲôʱˡ
귶żٽ, һҪ֮, Ҫа, üȺԳ, ΪǿҴҽӳƭ˳ȥǿиιҩ
ǵ˵ǻѾһľͷǣȥˣֹԸ뿪ҪΪǸѾĵľܽƱ硣
ԡԾǿиιҩҲ֮УҲΪá
һж̫ͻȻˣԭЩ˵ͣܽͷΣɾڵʱźոջãûü޳ҲЩǿ
οǱƭ˳ǵģûЩΨǴӵĹ껤ӡ
лţЩܴⷢ󣬼ֱϲ񣬷׷׳ס֮˵ŵġ֤
ͣʵһϵľƸŵˣ仰Ҳ˵
ȵʱľƬɫ̲
ɫҲŵİףۺ겻Щѩһȥܸеǵĺ䡣
ƽػҲǸСܣ˿ļڰգˤɳ֮С
һ죬һ졭
ھҵ񼤵֮£лĿѣ̵СŶЩڿҪãҪΪˣס
գ֮䣬лȻȫˡ
ǻھţлʹȫ̧һͷǰ治ԶǸƵס
һվŵģֳһ־ĺɫ̫΢΢Ź⣬Լ߳ߵĹ彽沿ֻ̣֮߸ССĿ׶
֨䣬ػȻۺã׸Ǳ˿Ϸķס
ţмĸߴ̧ףȥ


˭ҲôΪʵûʲôԲҵ£
л۾˻ţϧû
Ǹ¥¥СֱܹذοүģⶫſǲãûǺǺܿܰˡ
С¥οóϿңлȴֻײš
û뵽ôһȦʵΪ˺л
˶ΪлľܣҪƶлʩתӴԼ
ڷŴҪȥĶΪβõת˭֪أ
Լоʲô׵аҲ˵
֮Ϊ˻˭ҪһҲԼ
ȻģҪЩҲõԼڸԼڻԱպƻһʧˣǳЩ˲ԾҪʱ򣬺ôиѵɰɡ
ھ֤ݡ
ûлˣͼ
ֶĻ֮õ֤ˡ
ߺȥǵԽԽʢ
Уплһ˫ۣͨȫԹȷ֮󣬻ܸмƵġ
СԲУǰ׳ȥ
ǰֻξлȴеظоʹ
͸֧ѵһǿƿ·˺ʹ
лӲϷˤȥ̱˸Ȼ˲һһ㣬ȥ
ζӿֱ£ûٸҲ˵
ÿǰһڵɽϡ
ԸǼ׳£վҪס
Ѿûһˣֻܷϣ͸ײ沿ͫ״Сףճյ￴
Ⱳϲһ˫۾ģõī
Ȼڣ˫۾Ҳ;֡
û뺦㣬û룡ŲдΪеƣĺϲ㣬ôһֱҡҡΪʲôͲңҾˣˣ
ǰ˭ˣ
лããȻػͷԼЩ˵ϣȷһɹ֮ɫ
ء
޴Ӻл˵õŻһѪ
ģңл촽ضԷŵ
ڷŹ⿴;ȫˣɻ˲䵭ȥתԶ׼ĵǡ
̫ˡ˵ҡˣˣ
ûȥ㲻Ҫٹң㳯˼ĺĺ쳾ȥ
Һǽ˺ܶ飬Ƕţ˵ǱҹƻˣѹһҲӦôɡ
ǡһжνˣȫңֻҪ㻹ңҾͲ¡
ģģҲҪȥҲȥˣ
лҡͷһѪŻ
лʹסףӭˣһʪ͸
ʮָĥˣǱ̧׵׳ǰߣ㽫׾ʹ˷£תȥлϰ
󣬲Ƶ׺ܿͻᱻ˾ߣ׵ĳ뺣ףٲա

ԣԳף
лקţױ˾ߡ
ιޡ
Ҹ㽲顣
ĺˮ߸С룬ܿͽ׹
ôһ˲䣬лƺ뷶ŹУ·һСռУǰֻб䣬ڰԼֹľ
ֱ̺ˮβǿҵϢС
һ̣леԼӵһ¾ȫˣֻ
顢顢顣
Ҷ
ŵܿգƮ죬һʶ
Ŷ˵ιҸ㽲飬ڡԼˡ
ڱڰĺףСľԸһˣӴɡˡ
ֻǺܿϧ˵ĵһ죬ͳԭֻ˵߿ѡ
İСľˣӵһ˵Ѫ֮ȴףҲһ󡢳ˡ
׳ʧǰлҲ֧ŲסȻڵء
ȥȥ
µˣԭǸ쳾ڱ𴦡
ԭĺ쳾ۺСŶϡ
ĺ쳾ûˣҲһʬ⣬˺ѩ·绨θأ
лôţ̧ͷ
һ˲ɽһѷĵһУµӲش˳ȥûʹ˻ɢ

лҪ˵
лӪҺŬ㣬Ͻ


39 
лʱ, ׯմκ߹ȥ
ǧأ˲Ϣ֮䡣
Ϊ½룬ʱ, һѣܲĲԾ
Ʃ˵лųʱͺۺ֮еʱ١
һʱҹͷ, һʱɲ, ȫûһʵ, ȻԴȫ޷Ӧ

ˣȷʵĵһлָѹסԼʹĶǣһʱЩꡣ
Ȼû, ȫˡ
귶ű׺ڼȰ֮£, ûþҲȥˡ
ۺЩû֮󣬲ֲ, Ƴ, ߴŶ, ձȫ
߸أ
ǴĶһЩۺסãʵǰġɷ, չֻǷ, ɷǳ, ԼȴҲӴԪˡ
Ҳֱʱ, Щ˲ź֪׹ǿԩ˺ˡѾˡ
һѾ£ȴûиĴõĴʲô
Ǿϳסʧ
Ͼʱһеġ
ǲۺر伮лĴڣԼЩֵǳƽ٣ȫӼĨһֱ˽ա
Щĵ伮ʹ˽ԿɴģֻŲܿ
֮ʷſΪЩμǽѵӴ˰ȫڻָʵϣҪΪһЩν񡣲ѰӿЩڵ֪ԼΪǰĴһ޳ɵõ󣬻Ļ䣬ҲŬˡ
룺û˵ӣָôٹأ
˵ЩͷԵСǣʵɶһʵݺõשʯȻ޲ɣҲѱ츳õģæ޲һ¸𻵶ķķҳ֮ġ
õ£ڣ˭ҲҪˡ
޲ɵģΪЩķҳкЩûԭɹء
˵ҲܽΪԼϳ˵ԼϿйطŵ£ׯȴԴһˡΪˣյϢȻҪׯࡢȫ档
ôϢ֪û޳ɵ£ǲβ͸ϲֻأͼаǿסׯΪҲԵøЦˡ

СիǸŵĺ֡
ֻ˼ͷסһǸôڶǸ
ܶǰ˽͵͵ҪͳۺȥɽôһһȪ·Ϻ飬ȫԶ˵ظ
ʵܶ飬лҲ˲Ŷ
ȷ˵޳ݡ
Żʹ˵Ϊ©ɹŹػʹϵֻرңԺִصĹ꣬Ͷѧ˻ɷ
©ȻѾֻ֣ʲôãܵĽ޲ֻ©
޳λӣҲ˳ڵظˡ
л⵹ùߵأԸɣڷۺǧ꣬Ϊȴ벻ԭŵģʵǵظ޲©֮λ
ʵˣ͸ñںʵλϡ
ʲôͺ鰲ʲô࣬࣬ȫôĹУѵ͸¶һ߰ˣǹԹԵף
ֻҪûӵŵġ
ô˵ֲ׼ȷ
ΪȻӲȴֲȫӲֻҪĻܻջһС⣬ƩСܷš
ѡ֮˵ʵ޷ʩġ
޳λӣʵֻһԭҲֻѡл˭ʼį;УȻôһССִֵء
仰˵лǱѡеˣЩ˭ҲСܶתתæһȦҲֻܵõһĽ֣һӴڵظȫûݵʲ޳
ֻǡ
ɿ֮ǿдǣվǱȱ˸ЩܲסӴԹʴܳס겻ɢ漣ˡ
лż˼ܡΪͷŻ˼䡣
и˺˵ֻҪöľΪһµٺ巶źǸｫ꣬ܽŵĻͬѰһߵùֻأȥһˡ
žͻӴ˻ɢۼˡ
ŽĶ񼲣ԽԽˮȻóƻȵЩϸڣʵȫǷս˥ס
Ƶȥ˼䣬˵ȥ飬ҲΪǸ˵Ľ顣
ʵѾˣҪΪһȫϵʲô£ǧǰпܣֻǧǰһ֮ص޳֮λҪɣܵѰЩƫŲС
˵ԻĲ񡣰Ǹ˵˼һֱڵظⲻ˻ЩӰ죬̫أĿ̫ǿ첻ͽƫ棬Ըȥ˼һ⣬û׼ͻȻʣ뵽÷Ҳ˵
һϲоЩɽ׸ģƣֻؼΣ϶ҪһõĿܡ
ʵϸ룬Ըʵͦģһûе㾦ܣԼİ֮ٵһֻΪħ·ˣȴûС
ֻͷоͣо
Ⱳˣ±ӣ±ӣһһδκ߹ȥ׵һԼսľͷʳо
Ϊ̫ǿǲãǰֻУÿ춼Ҫجţᡣ
βŻѡԼʹý˸Ʒлȥ䣬Դ˱֤ԼڽļʮУڷʳǣ㹻ǮƹоΪš
Щȫܸ߷š
ΪСܣ̫˽ˡ
ǧǰһӣҲԸʹƼû׼һ
Ƿվûˣ˵ĸӡ
Ŵû뵽ڵظǶʹࡣ
ҪǴûӵйͰˡ
Ȼӵйˣܸķʹɢ
ԡȥͶ̥˰ɡ
ֻҪ˳Ӧʱظ޳ֻʣһʱôȥ䣬ԶԶӰиء
˵˾ôˣҲˣͲǵǸͼŵлˡ
֪㲻
Ȼ㲻͸ðѱ޹֮ͳȥʹǣۡ
ʱǨѾͨˡ
ԼעҪĨڵĵظĥģСŶȴء
СŶƯһ˫۾ʵӦûص˼ȥЩȤɰĻȸ
ġ
ûʲôˣֻҪСŶˣҲˣϾȴ֪ȥδѰǸ쳾ȫСŶˡ
лҪ˵
Ҳģ˵õ˫򱼸ͯأ
굶ô౦Ӻܲ˼Ҳǹģ˭뵽͸ϵءһѹQAQ

ʵ챾Ӹģη̫óˣԳȥˣ
˵żҲţÿĩҾȣֻĩգеղվͲ򣬶or2


40 ɵ
ͷ, ӦǿͻƽԵʡ
ƽ׽ûһ꣬ȴƽû㲨
лְѡס˷, žĺϣް
̸ܣھŴʧˣֻغܿƣܻ, ǰ, ܺ˵, ҲԵʡ
˵²ʧһο⣬ѾʧܾŴˡ
˵䲻ģڱ˵, ʧܻǳɹ֮ĸǵʧôͱ˳ɹڣ
ܵˣ
Ӧðô, ûоõķѵΪˣҲˣ
, ǡ
ôһ˲, лȻоʵƣ

лɫۿɼٶȺȥ, ȴ
лתͷûü˼, ͼСؿ
ι, 𣿡ʡ
º, ȫȻǳμʱ衣
л
лæʰ, ۾°ͣų㰲οЦԲסСŶûסȥ͵ˣ֪һǸܰ
һ£ת˲ȥ
˾ͺáСţͷʼͣŪԼʮָⶼھŴˣܱܲ´ˣҪǡҪһμʮ㣬ҿܾԶˡ
Է֮лûӻֻ̧ķŵļȻۣһԲػ
лң治֪ôˡ
ʣ⼸ʮǸԴУСŶߣǸø׳нһʮȫʮ
˭ô죿
ȥǱʱ죬һ·϶û˵ϰˣźȻ͹Ƶģܵлǰ棬ȵл֪ʲô㲻ˣ
лһȻûǰߡ
ǸմǧǰлеǸСܣǰɰģȻʱһ˵һֱǸ˳˵û׼
ֱᱻˣлҪʶطһ䡰֪ʲôۣȴűǼģԾǿţһʱͷʲôˡ
Ȼȴ㣬̶꣬һұޣڽˣҪԼôίڴ˿һȫй
һ˵֪ʲôҧһһش̼лǼҲԽԽ죬Ҹ㣬ʵôһֱʲô֪ʵ֪ȥ䶼ʲôˣΪΪλ̣ڱôΣΪЦ󣬻Ҫץ㲻ţԸ㣿
Ϊ֪һʵΪң
л㵱һǵǸճɵɵСľôͲˣӣҲģǺһˣǰ֮ûѻҲֻˡ
˶٣Ȼθߡһѳסл죬Եʮ㽫лõͷϿĽǶȣȴƽ׶־Ӹµɡ
ȴܲˣ
˵ţĿɨлǸߣͻأĬƬ̡
ǰ֮Ը棬Ϊ֪ʱʣܶʱ䣬ҲȻɲɵǼ£ˣûʱˣҲϷһһεذӷ࣬ʵǡʵ̫ˡлһҰɣ̫ˡ
仰ͳɹлԭأҲȡ
ܵģúܺãǸųйٴڶ֪СŶ֪
ǡ
л𾪵۾ż
ҽȫȥˣҾҪѻ˵ˣʲôҲ¡
ȥӴ˾Ͳ͵͵˼ܣôȥǾͼִȥʮΰɣʱһ⣬ּǲҽЩ
Խ˵ɫԽףָкơ
лηӦúܿ죬ڷǰһ۽ԷػЩ˽ŵ²ŵС
ǳõľĬ
ڹãӵ̫л촽űͷ˫Ư
ʲôʱ֪ģãлɤʡ
ŷغһʹлȥܾǰͷˣû˵Ϊþ˵ˣҲǺԼ⡣

˵ʲôã浽˽Ҫͷлһû׼뷨Щⷢ֡롣
˵ף¿ҲڶлԼˡ
ҲֻлˣŻΪ̰쳾ȥɶΪһССľܣԼⶼˣϸлȥ֮£һ׮׮һ˿һǷ£
һǧˣ˭лġ
ҪԼ첻ˣˣŲʹ̯ء
˵ԣԹ塪ɹȵõľܣ£ľͷԴ֪϶ɣлΪʲôƫƫأ
˵ˣ˭֪ǸлſڴƻƵ˵ĸУĿľǺΣΪʲôҪ£
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ҾҲ˵ˣлֻ⼸ûɣĵһαһβңҪҵˣ˾˷ʱ䣡
˵ɣ˵лشл¾ͻɵϣʮ֮ãѹͲһͨˮµģŪ󻹻ữɷҪйԴйٱȥӣǿס桭
ףȵȡ
ɷΪʲôл˼֮ʱŴа˴ζĿȴûһλɷأ
м䶼ڻ˵ظ֮ŻָģôллʱǰʱЩԹȥأ
ܲܵ˵زԶԶΪɣ
ôҪϸڣǰȻԹȥˣĹˡ
飬һʼͲ̫Ծ
ǺȻ뵽ʲô͵̧ͷҴҵл˵˵Ǹˣ˭
ǰ֮ûʣһΪ˵ҲΪظʵкöථúܶġϡһֱûԶ׼ҥԵ£ΪлǲͶҽЩ֮ǰȡƫһ
ٿ¾ɵأôסţ
ǺηʥлҪһӣŲɣ
űΪлǸʮӡ̵ģ֪ʳȥлȴеĶڳһã顣
⡭ʵֻһ֮Ե֪˭ҲǲлüͷһηԷʵشҡи˵ҵһ
һ仰ÿĿİ¶ģһҲлƽʲô͸ʲôǹеľƫƫȴ־û⡣
⡭̫Ծˡ
һʱ䣬ŵͷ˿Լֿ˿лֹ
Ҳ֪ǲˣ֮ΪλȻãлǸʱʵܿնе񷲼Щ˹Ƴ棬ΨǴӵū
ǳ֮⣬лıһ糣оֹûһٶۡ
˵лѾֻˣôᱻ¹ء
ţһԶ
档
߬һôֽɵֽͲܹɤӶлͷźүСˣôˣ͸ҲҪô𣡸Ͽϰɣˣˣ
һߺһ߶俪ָֽСֵյõϢ˲Ȼʧˣʱʱֵģ߲ڰɷɷˣ
л
ţ
ûˣ˵öԣ仯ɷǲе̫ˣ
Ҫ֪ſǸհѻ˵Ҫͷ׼Գأүôֳ£
˭ˣΪϣлȻӷֲԾãȻлعͷʡ
ԣֽž죬һüëܼӬ
ǳ룡ܿյ˵ǸС˻ԹҵҵӲ͵ظϲôйҪ͸תĳѽ
һ٣һżøˡ
ү㲻ɮ濴棬ôæȥ̽һ˼ҳɻΪأϵ֡
л
ˣǴֽԭġ
лҪ˵
лӪҺӸQAQ
ָ·룬һҵҵǫĻ˲ڵ16 ֹδɳΪСɰ~


41 
л鶢ֽСִ, ˵ոǺСŶʲôţôת۾ˡ
Ŷˡ
Ǹղڻ̯ơ
գۼ䣬лĪһ˲հף˰, ָڳСϣ˼Ѹֱ
ûմʱôˡ
ӲҪ˵ĻͺǡֱʵȫȻ
һһǱǿӸ޶˵ظеǣա
һֵֺĸо, л޷ݡΨһԿ϶, ŷЩ˵ﻰ, һ룬Ȼֵĸоˡ
֮󣬾־ȨʵԼþֻʣһʱ, Ҳʱ̱򾲣һֱŬһ̣Ѱʵķ
ֻͷӬһ㾡ȫȥһͰ첻顣
ʵýֺͷ, ֪ԶҲֻõһ빦ͳɹڶš

֪ܸ, Īɡ
˵, ǰŴֽ, ̶̰˸Сֵдú򰾢ȫƱ˿ȥô
лǵ, Ÿʾȥ֮ǰ, ǽȥ, ΪľѯʺСŶƾԲķϾǻûָء
뵽𸴵ľȻǳ롣
лҲ֪, ȥ·ϣѾˡ
룬ƽԭһΪ˲˭ƣдָ־ֻܷḻ
Ψһõһ㣬ԱЦˣԷҲЦ
Ҫ֪ſظƢãѰǻ˲˷ţܻƫƫֻгСӣÿζǵñЦŶԷŴк
óһڹУԵøڲͬ
ڲͬ÷ŴӴ˼ס˳֣ÿμʱҲܻͷЦһЦ
һ鷲ˡ˵ܹżżΣŵ˼ѽ
ǡô֪ͶͷĸùϵСŶԴľľСܣܼס֡
ֺڹ׶ϲҪת
룬Ѿ㶨ôЩ˻㣬˵лˣȻ⣬д֡еʮֳĴ𸴡

ָѸɺԵּһʱ䣬лЦжˣضĻء
ǵлعͷ㱨ϾȻ¶һ㵣֮ɫл˾Ͳ̫ˡ
ԵĶȲᣬˣĻһǷǳءлҧгݵ롣
÷ʱûֽд⣬лһ¾ͰֽµôڻУƲɵˣҪǻ·ɷһѰĻ˲Ͳˣʱʱ֣ҿϢȥˡ
ƲһġΪ˶Ƶġתͷ㿴š
һߣոջںлЪ˹̽µķţ
ô£лַӷأУҪתעڡҪҪʮȥֻءϺۣҲò
ղȷʵе嶯ˣһ¾ͰѴʵȫ©ˣܸܿл˲СĴ̼
֤ÿһ˲ľ԰ȫǵظӦ֮ΣлڳʲôֻҪƤһܲȥƵġ
ɡ
޿̡
Դлָ󣬷װԻûװһʱ䣬̲ס첽ǰһ°лԱȥص˭Ҳûæ˶ˣԼȥңǰǻ˵ûлһˣлôȥɡ
δ䣬ת䡣
ȥлңøһû֮ǰʼĵʮֻء
л
˭ȥ
ǷŷŶѾѻ˵Ƿˣеģ˺󶼲Ӧ뿪ˡ
οŸղôһʣںȻøⷨӣܿΡ
Ϊں֪ķӦȻôҲ벻ַǸ˵
ǰԼɣûԾ֮УںԶ׼ϸڣһֱڱǣűߣȴͬ
ʲô벻ȴܴĵΣʶäӡôôˡ
ԡȥ˼ֻصļƻȷһţǵþܵСŶߣʱעСŶ仯С
֮⣬ӿԾȡ
Ƕķӡ
˼ˣлͶԷ޹ʸߵľٶϴ⣬ֲݾܾļɴ൱棬һסϸίίƲ졣
ҲŲȥлأǶı֣лؼΣѵҪҺлĵصлس˾Ǹ⣬ڹȥû䣬ĵ浱׵ˣŻȹһأΪоֵĶأСŶ
ţ
ţء
ԣлĿ棬Ȼʱͷ죬һġȫԵҲڡ
£ϰˡлЦ˵
ţ
ţô˼˵úܲǵܣ
ۼԼò״ţǼľɣлæַģһһٵصұ֤ҲˣҪܣôС
ŷ˸̫Եİۣû˵ƺš
Աߺܲʱ˵ز죬СѵлүµһһΡ˵Ĺ㵽ûУ
Ȼ֪ô˵̫ʣǰͷͷģίʵ̫š
л
֪ʻ˵ģרĵ𣡣
군⡣
֮ҾҪ㣬ȥˣҲȥлݺݵһۣתͷͼԼ̬ŵͣŵͣٷŵͣڳһģŷţлǱа취ȥʻżۼСŶİǱ仯û죬ŻԸأȴּҴҵظˣҺÿ
˵ţҪװ̧۾ͺΪ˱ίصƵġ
۾˳ְѻŴֽóͷƬ̣ͰԼ˸ֽ˳
лȥʣлصǷҵ֣ȷھŴֻأԭǲĸúܲˡ
ǰע⵽룬ֻؾȻÿ޹߿ѣͷȴûһԹŵ˵ֱѾˣ
ǶƮС¼
л
ǰﶼúܵ٣Ҳһ𶼲ǣֲʥˡ
ͱȷ˵ڣʵͺǸгȥһҲȥҡ
ҲŸղźƢﻰȫ˵ˣ𾪹󣬶ʱһඥ֮Уûôˡ
ҪȻüȥǸֻصţǼ⡣
ǾֻظƨҰ˵Ļţ
˵ʲôҪôͺСŶֿ취СŶȥ˼䣬ҪôСŶɢ
ʲôƨѡһͲѡˣ
мܾȷţֿĺ÷ڣ˭˵ƲɼţлȫҪ
統飬˵ʲôҲҪۺһǾԲνʵǰͷЭġ
ȥֻˣŷŶһڵظ¹µǼʮ꣬ⵥСŶ¾Ҫǳ֮ȥˣ
ʲôΪδǰ·ű
ⲻǷϻǰظҲû˭ЦĻ֮˰

źȫ뷨š
˵ôǲ
һʱһʱֱǸˡ
ˣڹȥֳõѹУ𽥱̬˰ɡ
лҪ˵
װ~2.4ŵĸ£˳ûмӸ߷ҪȥԷݣƣ/ƣ/ƣ


42 լ
, л׻ǸŷȥѰˡ
ȻôģŶţǻʵж֤ȽϺá
˴ǰļ, ٰ¾ͷˡѭųټһ·ҵһ˵ĸۡϡ
İ˵ۡԭԣӶķ׵׵լ, Ϊֹ, Ѿķˡ
ʧǰֵһط, Ըǰ
Ǹӣظ³£˵ҪԸﴳ, ȴл¡
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ΪȺǸܹŹֵΣлȻͷѣǰֻ֮ǰ㣬Ƣ, Ȼɡ
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, һ촽
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һ̨ʱƲס䣬ܿͱѹ¡
˻ϵҲɢˡ
СĴָϸĻϵϷ˲䣬ʧˣ۾ֻ߶ʱԼĶ졣
ԸźӭһӲݴưԺӡŵǰǰ棬лಽظں档
һߣһ߻棬ǸǣȥĻͣ÷ķҡ
㼸ˣ
ã̲סĿ
лüȥ࣬һͺֻСŶ磬ЦصңֻҪ󲻾ˣ
ţ
л˵һŵһ䣬һģʱŵŹֵ壬ֱ˷ֲǹģΪ֮
ᣬ֪лġ󡱣ָ̲ͣס롣
ϸ˵ʵ꣬ڽ޳λӺ󲻾ãһˣʱŻϵȱݻûԳιȥ
ǺܿһӣɲһԸͬͬøɵĲøɵȫǸɹˡ
ż˿գ˻һܵȥһǸסõۺԼۺ绯̵һڹꡣ
Ǻſʼлͽûˣȫ˼оµľϣ뷶Ҳô׽ˡ
ʱ꣬⻹ǵһΣлָֻڵһʱӣԸЦеغͷŴȤ
÷Щ㱣һʱǲýϦϦ
źܿƽСһ䣬л
лûߡ
ȻԼҲ֪ۿҾʹһ˥ȥʵ̡ܲ
ȻüëϾͱһ¡
ҳ롣л˵ˣлҲ١
赭дͰѻתƹȥˣװû׷лʲô
ʲôлأȥѾôЩ꣬˷ôʱ䣬ŻعζŲûҪл
ô
ʵûʲôлġл룬ܻа취ġ
ȻҲл˼ͷٺлֱŤˡ
ؼһʱ̵ģεĽѾǰ˴κõ̫ˣʲô¶Եǰѳƽȥ֮˵
˼ˣĿģųʶϸ̽Ըÿһ䡣
Ϊʧޣ̮ļԺǽ һҳΰ裬ȫϸϸزһ飬κۣлƫһԺһ
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˵žҪԺߣ뾡Ƚӻس롣
л
лҶԳĶٴҲûĺøд󡣡
δ䣬ŽŲһ٣͵תһֿƹı鿴л
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лԴףֱǼδδš
ھŴֻؿͦ˼ġ
űһʣϵǱᣬлȻһص˵ͷ
ȻأȻΪΪʲôǵһݵĻ˲лܱߣСŶǰֻңᵣı˵ġ
ţ
һ飬˴Լ첲ϵļƤ
ʵ˵ۿһسԴףʵеˡ
ǲһ˵
ݵлһ
ţ
Ųٺлν磬תԺߣ룿أ
ԸܴԭǰҲǸģǰŸԺһߴˣ
ѭ̧ͷͼʱųһľͰ͵عӰһҶȫȻƽĶŵľӷɡ
лʱ׷ģһƱӵĳ룬ˣʲôأͰ͸һ
룺
ίίһǰһԼ߹޳޵Ķˣ֧֧ػش𣺡Ҳ밡ﵢʱ̫ˣزȥˡ
˵һͷ˿Ӱİյء
ŶԭһʱȻ򣬡꣬һزѼ⡣
ԵΪʲôŵˣǰɺġ
˷ŵʻʶӱøһЩŤͷܹлϷһϷŻش𣬡ҹйٵԸԷߣ֮ȴԷˡ
л/ţ
ίˣѲһֹԷˣһ£ҪѰĸ׵Сӡйҵ񣬾ֻһԷˣҡʵڷֱ治ĸԷˣֲóȻ˻ȥԲŵˡ
ʲôЦʲôֱ治ģ
ӦԭҰɡüй֮ǰûȫ˵ôֻܴôߵǸԷˣһȻĲϹߡ
˵ˣҪҴԭ䡣ܿգҰմйٽҵϢԭԷƺûӡ
ǻʲôԥأˣ
ͳˡɥһָŷű޿ذλ˶˵ԼСӵĸף˵ԷԭԷˣҴ߶ԷСأǸСɵӣȻϲ˭Լ

ȤԹӲĸ׶ϲ
է飬ųһʶ˳ųָķ򣬻ͷ󿴡
ȻͿһԼʮһ꣬ģ㣬ֲµԲСӣڳ
ڰ˫ԼѪܵһͷۣͷϳ
ţ
ڳһ˲ļž
һ̣лСӵԴһ¾͸°ȥˡ
ܺӣԴȥлûؽѵһֻҪŻҲŻ˰ôŻأǹߵ㡣
лҪ˵
룺Σд飬ȵ˲زģԴԴϣá
лֱճ̵ľͲʲôˣҺСе㹷ģ


43 
ͷһ, СӼûŵˣ㶡סһ
Ǳл㣬Сίصͷ, æҰϵѪˮһģ
ʲôܺڱˣлض£Ц
ҽа˱ԣСӿ˿л, ̧ͷ˿лķ, ĿԽл, Ʋ쿴ɪɪӰºܾõĳ룬Թ˵Ҫȥĸôôȥ
룺
ڣզܿ, ڱôԺֻ޴ڸеĶš
ⲻǳȥôСţָָ̧лͷţСӷʹɫ, ¾ͺ˵˵㡣
ǰ˱ͷ, ֿл
ü, СӴͷŶһ, ȻʣԼҵĺô
˱ֵͷ
ԼҵѽһֱԼסء˱϶صĸ׺ĸ״Ҷܺ, ֻϧϵƺ̫á
ĸףĸף˵ֲٵԷô
ššһ, лʹɫĿһ, лȻ
ڳС, ſһҲɵӡ
Ȼλĸ׶ܺá
Ϊǰ¶˵ݾߣл˵ֻ˳Ű˱Ļͷʣǰ˱ϲλĸأ
ǸΪѵ⣬˱ͷͷСˡ
ϲǶҵĸסлôʣ˱ҧһ촽ػشĸƢЩ󣬵ҺܶϡԸҡĸᣬƽսϸģֻϧÿε֪͵ܳȥĸ׺󣬾Ϳ޸ûꡣ
ɫ鶯žǸܻСޣȫƳ˵ǸСɵӡ
Сȴϲĸס
ͺ˼ˡ
лһ˼Ű˱¶˽ֺЬƬ̷ܴȥλĸô
ܰȰȰҪٳܣô˱еԼС˼
ȻԡлԲѵغƵȴȥǸĸװɣҿϵŸµĶӦĸ͵ġ
ƯϡһͰ˱µĴֲʮֲ䡣
˱ӣԾǺϲһĵ׾ԼӦ
˱ƺĸ׸׽
ȻлհЩ˵꣬˱һҫƵһҡͷԣ˵ĸϲһأûֻһ죬͸ˣĸ׶ҿɺˡ˵ŻһתҲִóȥ롰ĸסˣ֣ʾл˸ϡ
ɣȥҵĸףÿƯˡ˱˵
лԥž͸ϡ
Ž
ֻǰ˻û뱧Ӵ󺰣أǱҸѽʵ̫ˣȵҺ£
л۷졣
Ǻ鷳һˣͷһҪʹй˵ת
ǡʱǵӶ˷أȥˣôأ
ɹһʱ̵ˡлͷˣӰӲǻתôίŸתתˣ
ǵͷԽԽߣӰӾͻԽԽС
͡
û˵꣬һֱһɡݸ룬ĵضţҪҶÿһʱͱһ
æͷϲ̵˫ֽɡ
ɡ̧ͦͷһǳɣת˲һ˷ģ
ԷЦˣġ
л
ɣһװƣ
лܲˬû˵磬ƸŰ˱ˣΪߵ̫ûϺȻ¶˵Ц
Цת˲ţܿûˡ

ʱһСǰſڡ
ٽǰ˱ϹҵĽλС֣ľӦ
ĸĽƣ
жӲĸ׳ŵģοӲֻʮһꣿ
лŲһ٣ѸӹǸĽᣬɻ
ԸȻͦ˼ġ
͸Ź졣
˱ȴûԼˣһߵҲĽĸ׵Ľƣһȴֶĸױֵúη壬ЩѰСؼҺ󣬺±ĸһŵؽš
ĸס˱СĸôҴѻ
ûӦ
лһ߽ĸϸЩûݣվſڣ´Ǹʱֲ̧¡
군ˡԼĸײ֣˱ЩɥüĸһҲˣϲһĸġ
ֹǰԲ
лû
ݶˣ˭·ôֹ
лʼת
лҡ֤ͣһ򶼺ܴʱȴ󹷲ҡ
ȻФƬ̣лʹӳ﷭һּģҩȥſ
лʷţһλظ̵š
̾ǰ˱еĸףǴдˡ
Ǵд̵ķԸԼ͵͵λүһ£ԱܣȻΪүҩ
лͷŶҽ˰ҩȥ˺ü飬ʲôųźȻʲôҩҪߡ
лͷˮں溰СŶʲôȥ
ͷҲأȥҳ룬ҽ
л
У뿪̫øʱ¡ԺҪתл͸Ÿճȥ
һͷлԹ̫أԺﵱʱ˵ĳͻȻ˸硣
ĭ£ŲΧûˣѸٴӻһСѱ鿫ˣתͷվɡ

ȻߣлԳĪ£һŲ֪ΪһҲûסţȥˡ
лţ붪Ҳѡ
˱ڵ϶ţСøˣ߶߶ͣϸһԭںġ
ĸףǲǲҪ˱ˣ˱ˣء
ֹֹţȻˣίˡ
лԥΣ̧żʱתȥο˱Ƣĸ׵Ƣһֱô
˱ͨصͷͷҡͷ
ĸǸܰμˣƢһֱʹ󣬿ȴҺܺãƽ˲ϲȥĸ֮⣬˵ػ
δ䣬һ𱬵Ů
޿޿ޣվ֪ޣȱʲôˣ͵͵˼ܣ
δлѭȥͼ߳һˡ
ȸΣЬɴȹֻҲܴɫϸ֬˵ĺϻ㡣
̣һ˲Ůӣͷţַ·ȫߡ
Ȼһ㣬һתͷβƳлʱϨˡ
ҵ˭أԭµĹѽЦ˵һЦһְѰ˱ӵקü˵ٱˣҪӣϣǵ϶డ
ˣתͷлЦӭָһͰѶǰļ鷢𵽶˼Ц̧̬һָſڣҸʲôѽֻǸС檣ƫǸԷˣȥ߰ɣ𵢸ˡ
лҪ˵
~
ЩӦûдһ£ܹǵӪҺ͵ס


44 ҩ
̫, лһʱҭס֪ôӻ
ô˵֮󣬾ֽŽѵ˱ȥˡ
գ۵Ĺ, ֹ̲Ѱ˱ͷ䵽ţҪġ
ʲôĸף˱ĶʣֻһĸףûʲôĸףסûУ
˱޵øˡ
ǡǵǻĸ
û˵, ͱһס, ü, ܵô£ֻ㣬ϲϲĸף
˱Ȼͷûɡ
ô, ܹǺܺúġ
ֻǵͷϱƺеãҲϲĸѽҲǷֿ
ôõ, ÿֻһĸףҲ⡣ߵ߻, ֻѡһ
˱Ĭ, Ϊѡ
ȵװð˱, ̲ŵ˿գ´л, лһЦ, ͯ޼, ˱СϹ˵
Ǹ߻Ըû, ܳ裬ǰͲϲңҸϳԸ˻ռҵĺӣʵЦԼӲŰռĺӣˣ˵˵ĵ
ˣСľžĴһ°˱ģҧޣǿ޿޿ޣûͣҵ׻ô㣬ֻ֪Ҳʺĸף
л
ԡĸӡ˼
лû֨°Ϳ̱ݡ
ɲǱôлĥţദôֵĸӣ
ĸףҲҶĸҲ¶ӣҲܳ
˵ǻͦ˼һޱҡɫȴڿֻ˵ԼС檣ָƫסǸԭԷˡ
ԭסƫģ
ҪûǴϻ㣬¥ﻨӲе㣬һмֵǧء
һֻֿܡ
ҪôȷʵֻǸ檣Ϊ˰裬ԭҲ
Ҫô̴ǰã޽ԸԷˣȴΪһЩΪ֪ԭ򣬲Ҷ˵ʵ
أͼżҴҵܻſ֡
Ӵʻ˰
лƲһƲ죬ƻεſȥͷ۾ɶ̵ķСʣôǳ̴ܿ񣿡
ԣҲһۣȴû𻰣ֻлѸٵصˣղû˵İɣ
ţΪҪʣ
ѵ滹ʲôè
л̿˺þãתҡͷûУʲôҲû˵
Ųײ˿
ҷȥʳ룬ҡԵż⣬յлԣѹҩʵβ֢ġ
л
΢Ϣڶģлƫһͷ뷶űǼűǼ⣬ȵ˼˵
үʵ첻㣬
л촽˶£ü
Сӡ
δ䣬̧ͷһǽ壬ϱһ˲ĽӲȻصͷԭˣԭˡ
ԭˣǰˡ
ٿţȻԷҲһͬصͷղ
Ϊ̺Ͱ˱ǲԶվţܶ໰ֱ̫˵Ϊ̼˱л˼Ƭ̣ȥ߻ۣԵĻѸ߻۴ƫͷڸûй
ٵ˵ͷСƵģʮֿɰ
һָٰʱȨͲֻ֪صлˡ
ٳǰ̼ҪȥƫȻ°˱ɫŹֵܹʵҪȥ߻ôô
ţȻţҪȥߡ£лһֱһѻ˵ʮֳϿң治ɫĲλ̹Ƿ£
ǻл˵תͷһ׵İ˱ûˡ
λˣͷǰҸ߻۴ֻ˵˵̶ԲСУϣ±ܼ޸ˡ
ҪĻҲŹ֣էһЩĸ߻Ƶġ
۶Ź֣лĵӦˣΪܷģ֤Լһѻ
ǰƫòԶҲ̫ǰƫɾҪ߹վŵȡ
лڴӦ̺ΪŸʱ䣬һ̲ͣؾƫȥˡ
û߼Ǻ
ǰ˱ıظˡ
˱ÿνȷţ졣
뻹Ǹӵվţɡ֪ƣƵģÿһʱᱨʱûһ͵
лܿʹӳ˹ȥ
߹ȥ֮ûסͷ˳һۣĿһϣæתͷװ·
л
лλ˳ŻյȥСͷҧ䣬СŶôоǸճ̵ǹܰ͵ң
Ŷ롣ŶԴ˺ܲΪ⣬䵭ؽ͵ƽʱϲд־С˵ͷؼŰ޳϶Ҫ࿴ز
лһ÷˵úе
ת˲ˣĵرԹСŶΪɶôϤ͵ҵԭܲµ
ûش𣬷һתȻصڣҲû˵Ҳ֪ϸϹŵֻûС
л
һᵽ£лȻͲٺˡ
ˣǰѪġлСôſܵùҼΪʾÿСŻţЩͻ졣
л䣬Ҳŵͷ˵ûҸղڻǰǰѾ˳ȥ鿴Ըеÿһǰ
˵һͷ㰵ʾ˱
˱ǰֵܳۿҪܵǰˡ
ܵʱֱۻζȺܴ󣬽ֺЬӵƶ¶Щȵţ·Ѿϴ÷ס
ôҲǸ˼ңסԺӵģＯǧ谮һСӣܴ
οү
ȻҲųүмˣǾָ׸롪үǺòˣˣԸ£ð׵ĺӵӳѽ
ΣνСӾᴩô
ҡټЩϵĽ塭
лŲԶİ˱һᣬתͷ뷶һͬСӣǱԸǸС

Թʹ˵һСԸаŷӡ
ţֻҪ˰æסһֻСÿհʱСʹֻСΪãպٻ뷢ƣСæ
ΨһĲ㣬ܱסСһ㶼һЩ޹ĺͯǵļĺأҲܿػر
仰˵ǵԸһԼûеĶ͵һԼѾ˵ĶҺܶʱЩǾԹƽġ
ʹˣҲкܶСյ³
ΪʲôأϾںܶƽĻһ꣬Ļʮꡣ
̶ʮ꣬ܵѰ˵һӶܲһУ໮㰡
䣬мҶЩƽƽԲһͨˣҪǲСʱܻͷ

ţ˱ѾŸǰˡ
һͺСƽʱװʱʵСϲ
ͱȷ˵ڣ˱ͺϲ
˱ܹһͷźлм䣬˴иȻһѱסŵƵĶԷЦŵҪȥҵĻĸף·
һ˫ֱ۱ֲʹƿ
Ϊһͷͻ᲻Сͽ˱ƤѰ˱ճɻˡ
Ͱ˱Ӵе£ƵĿллҲ
ʲô¶˵лѰ˱ԼߣüҸղź˵Ǹ߻ԸƽʱҲǸ߻ڸ𣿡
仰лʵúί񣬱˭ʵȴʰ˱ǲǸ߻
С˲ֱ̫ףΪЩС˻
л⻰˱ȻûӦ¶شǻĸ׸
룬ٲȻǻĸԸƽʱǵڸ
˲˵ˣСţе㲻̫Ը﷢һЩ顣
˵ԸһЩ飬Ѿس˰˱Ϊһʮ꺢ӵ֪
л/
úõôưˣ
νٷӡЩСΪĲˣ
Щʲô˵ģ
ۼ˱ɫ棬ȫǸѵлһ°ͣҪٿڣڲԶι￴
ԭŷţעͱԺһسƳˣҶӵСҰȥˡ
ж˵ǾŮʬ
лҪ˵
~
ôˣһҲûˡ


45 
ʲôŮʬ
, Ըô˼ң¹үԷ˻С檣󶼻ᱻĺ, ޾͵ڸ˵ĵ
ô˵л˿һָ߽İ˱
СûӦžǶԸԼѰĸ֮κ飬ġ
˭
лĬ˰Σſʵ, ˵Ըͦడ
û֨, ֻʳָ˹, ڵŮʬԸǿ˳
Ǽ÷ڵָһͷĳŮʬӵصǱ, ͷɢӲ֮һֻŴγ֮󣬾͸ɰͰ͵ǲˣһ
һѾ˵Ůʬ, ǣŮ˷˺ܾˣȴδá
ǰŮͷ, ¶Ůǧĵһ
лķ, Ȼ, ȴǹĺϻζл࿴, ˡ
ԭлͷڵôˣ
ųϵɫһ¡
Լ˵, ֮󼸲ߵ˱, ̧Ѱ˱۾, ˸ӵĶﻹкأҲ˵
лһѾµ롣
ǰ鿴ˡ
ͦƯһŮʬȥһŰϾ֮⣬︲֮£Ȼûһ⡣
ˡ޺ۡ󴦵պۡ
лֻԿۣҲù
˭ģүôлֹɱǧãȻŮˣԼֻôݡ
ˣл׷ŸղΪʲô˵ˡ
Ϊ̵ʵں˵Ǳ˻Ūڴϵģңʩ÷ǳ֡
ֻʹ߬ȭͷ߬ʲô쳣Ҫ֮һҲɿ
ΪŪԭίл֣˼Σͷˡ

СûãôˣֱӰ̵ָ飬ƻ߬Ǳ
лֻصߣһֱ֣ͦͦվŵŮʬˣ˸˫ֽǰƣܰꡣ
ǰԭ˵ģȥҸ߻ۣɻᡣл˵Ҹоطе֡
־͹̫ƽˡ
հ˱֮ǰ˵⸮үСԷҲСԸϸúҲŶԡ
أ
үûǰ˱ֻСԸϴӳƴ
λҷֲٵԷˡ
ʵĿǰյϢлǸڣǸûĸ߻۲ԷˣС檡
ƫƫôңŮҵһˡ
ôңͺܷСԸܵķɡ
᲻ᡭʵǰ˱˵˻ѣ
Ϊϲ̣ףԲŹ˵©죬ժ߻۶ԸĻͷ
˼ˣлûסٿ˰˱һۡ
ȴڿ˱ǵɶʱһȥסУĬĬ׵뷨
ˣ˱СΪѡ
һʱ䣬лص̾
ˣӶˣһģһ־Ǹ˵Ҳе
ֱл֪Ϊʲôڴ˴֮ˡ
λԷˣƺȷʵ̫÷ֱ档
̾лһ̧֣һӨ׹£ϣƬ̺󣬴ʧʱ»ָ˻ʱַ顣
ϵ߹ǱӺã˺۱ƸɾҲµģһȥѰ˯ƵģȥҲܿˡ
ô˵ΪһŮˣǰЩʵ̫ˡ
߰ɡлİ˱ļ򣬺ȥĻס
ȻҲ뵽㣬ǰֻͷһ۵ẉ̂촽δлι˵᲻ᡭһֻɷ
ȫ˶ģ󾹻ʵʵһͬһԺദֱǲܷ¡
ѵǼʵû𣬶ʵ̫ǿһʱ
ԡ᲻ǸĪʧٵү
ΪĿǰ̺͸߻ŮˣƺլԺǰ㣬ԴףԹء

ʵ˵ôʵܶһЩаŷס
Ʃ˵֡С
СҪۣÿС˶֪¡ҿ˱Ѱĸ׵ִ̬ȣѲµ߻۶ԸʱǴӦĸףҹֱᷳ˲ŵýѡ
ʵ˵С£ԸԸǹһѻǼȥ˭ҲȲˣҲΪ
̷֮Ż˵ϰ˱ӵʵΪȴڱ߻ۡ
ƴԼֻأ˱ԸȼʮĹҲҪø߻۶ԼݣͶԷȥͶ̥ȻˣЩеĲ²⣬ǻ֪Ϣʵ̲Էˣ˱ҲûѣȷʵǸ߻Ը£һоۡ

һĥһߣܿеƫſڡ
ǰһƫҲƸ߻Ľƣͬʱſϻһ
ݣͼһʤ֣εһƯŮˣϿޡ
Ǹ߻ۡ
ȣ߻۴ԲŸС檡һŰɫѣ׸װΣͷҲǼţֻֻ黨׺ɾţܷ˵ʡ
ܺһȥƹ֣Ůɡ
޵һ룬̧ۼ˱ˣΪЦְѰ˱ԹƵĺ˵ôȥˣﲻǺ˵ô̲ĸףǣһͺ˵˵ģ㶼ô
תлͷţҪڽͣл˱ЩԣûɵĶסƬ̡
Ƭ̺󣬲ŸСѯʣǡʵѾ˱ʲôˣô
л֪ɷü
΢΢ۡ
߻Թʱᳵ·̬ȣѾˡŶл
ǰл˵붨ǵһɵԸĹֻǰǼûܳɹ񡣡
һͷлͷ÷Ĺ򣬸߻Ѿײᣬԥ
ðɣȻλѾˣҲͲˡ߻˵
ɫЩнʱ˵ǡ
ǱүǿȢС檣̲Էˡ
һ߽ͣһСߵһǰ棬ţлչʾŵĹ
үҪ˱ֵԼѹס˲˰֣ѰֺܺѹŰ˱ǿȢԸС檡˶٣̧¶Լ׵ӣлԼϴ˼ִ
ҲģΪѾɣҸͲ޸үҾͳүע⣬͵͵˱Ըð˱ɱү³֮Ҿ͵ĸףԶסԺ
߻˵Щʱᣬܰϧִֹα
ֻڽ˱ݺûסһ䡣
ǸˣԴҼ޵ԸͶʮչˣҺܸмҲһӦ˱ԲŹƭǵ ʱҲˣǻǿ߰ɣﵢˡ
лҪ˵
һ~


46 ү
ľƵ, һССĹ
лǰ鿴ûģֻһС, Լһˮ롣
ˮѪ
лȻǰݾǰ˱ǰװģǰ˱ÿҪԵķ
ֻԸ˶, ˮò
үƢ, Լ檶, Һ̶ֵ˴֮䲢ʲô𡣡߻˵ͬʱһСֽչƽ˸л, дɵŻûͳȥͱүĸС˿үֺȶ˾, ֪º󣬴, Ż˵Ҫʹ˴ɱ, û˹ܵĹ»Ұ
һͰ͵Сֽ, ֻС֡
¾㱸ҹʱһ, ɱԡ
ԼıɱүĴš
벻߻۱没, , ȴһһĸɴࡣ
·ʱ, ѱԸҶȦƫԺ뿪׼õĶƱߣүҲڻ·ˡ߻˵ŻƳ۴粽ߵİ˱Ȼ̾үȵú·ҡҡλεģˣΪ˾ңſס嵽Լȥˡ
µû˵֮⣬ǲԶ
лСֽϸ˿˳ֵݸţ϶ؽʵ˼ǣˣ
߻һͷȦġ
̽ԭż͵͵ͳȥһҾܻȻȵڶһ˵Լˡû뵽ǸԵĹȵҹ˯ðѣԵ̽㵱ңְ˴ˡ
߻۽ԭί⹦򣬷ְлݸСֽϸϸһ顣
ֽûмв㣬ûаֻ˼
źҲͨ˳ǰܴϡ
ԹլԺŮǶʮֿлͼЩ߻ô˵ȴȻꡣ
ԣΪΣΪ̱𣬲ʹ˱ɱүôлʵүأĻǵظɻûء
лôʣ߻ڵĶʶһ١
ҡûүԸҲ֪Ҳ֪ȥ˺δ߻ҡͷ
Ŷôү治Ը߻ἰүʱΪܻηüڿʲôһ
߻۲ʵ
Ҫʣͼ߻ۺȻֱлϣûѣûѣǿ߰ɣȥֻأҪٵƬ̣¾ԼҲߵˡ
ʲô
лһ
ʲôСٵƬ̣¾Ҳߵ
лһǸ첻¡زµˣôûܹв˶ⷽ񾭱Ƚϴ֣Ƿš
лȥţǼ⣬˼ܵĸڹȥĺܳһʱڶԴ·һˣÿ΢仯С
ż߻֪ں¡
Ȼ߻ΪʲôҪ£¿Ը࣬ôߵˣѡ߻ʣԶѡʸǡ
ӣһ۾֪ʱ֮ѲֻҪԼ׼˵ģ;ɿڶ˵֡
߻ۣӴȴСһиɻ˵ǣһȴɫ糣ڲ¶
ҡ
һ򲽽߻۷˵ȫģ̾Ǹ߻۵ľˣ߻ԩģͷβûԲ߻۵ĵط
̷ôǰæ߻۴ڿ˵ԼԲ߻ۣ
֮ʲôɶԲġ
Ǹ߻˽£̸ܡ
ǾվԷ˵ϣСͼɷ̲סܳȥܡ
ôȸܣַȣתתһȦƻ͹֣߻޶Թô

ãŵĿ⣬ڸ߻лֻϣȥȥקֲóȻ
߻ۣҷȫ˵ɣǲѰĹų԰ݣʾ߻ۿ԰пٺ¡
ҲǸɣǡڴ˿̳ɤӱʱߺˣѹһʱˣ
Ǳ߻䣬߻۾ֻܾƵģٿ֡
ʲôѰѰģЩ鷳߻ۺȻ˻ȫȻûзŵһɫɫҰףǵòʲôࣿҶ԰˱Ը̲ԷˣѾȫ˵ˣʲôҲûҪԷˣȥ̾ͺˣαҪ˷ʱ䣬ʲôأѾ˵˺ܶˣֻ̾ڿң˵ȫǼٻǲţ
߻۷̫ͻȻˣлͷŶûܷӦ
ǻʱתͼ˱۾˸ãĶƤ
ɫǴͷˡ
ųıʱԽԽлվԭأۼŰ˱ſ죬˸ͷ˳
ǡ֮ǰѰŰϢү
лʶתͷѹʷţô£
ڷˣ˵ϡ˽ⲻˣżʵģİСŶȶԷס
лϵǣڰôز󣬼ǰֹ쾰󣬾Ҳɵü
Ҳ֪Ҳ¡
˱үСƽسԵģҲүιķɱүӦ
Թôȵġ˱ѴӦ˸߻ۣ޷ٷڣΪ֮£ֻƴСƤүĻ̳븹ǿԸһ徻
ֻϧƵٺãһ衣
˱մүѪϰүʹóȻүԽӣСһס
Ǿ־档
죬Ϊ˱˵үʹ˱ΪԼ¡ҹΪ˱үþãҲأʱѹסү³Խ
ϹأվԺĳȻɡ𼱻ǵضԷŻ㱨ˣҪٲ˴ߣǰסṆ̀Ҫ衭
˵һ룬бۿһĸ߻ۣԼձ˱³үܲҿ˿ǡ

Ŵͣһ˵໰ȥˣ͵һ̧ͷлͷš
ȴлҲһĸ㲻״
ͻ״ʱ࣬л֣ĵزһ䵶
л˵ʲô߲Ҳһô
룺
ëһҲףԺ߲һд첻˳ţ۾֧һˮҹҲ˯
˯ͲΣξͲøɻ
ţȻᣬΪɶҪأǶõ־ֻزİ

Ƭ̺лɵע£֮䣬ϾѾת飬ӽǵ֣ٵգȻһ㡣
лճ̵ģոտɻûѻ˵ء
ŶӻСӣִ˳ϸëʣһ߼¼زһߴ𣺡ʵҲûʲôˣǸţ˵ʲôҪͷˣ;ð˱ڸ߻

ңԴҪըˡ
лҪ˵
~
ϴžд˭ˣҲͼСʱ£ǰһҲw


47 ̹
߻ۻڼ, Ҳš
һʱ䣬лֻúͷۡ
ȫټķֱء
ΣлǱ׺ľ, ̧Ƥĵʸ߻ۣ۴촰˵㷽²ѻ˵ȫ, Ϊ
, Ϊ, ǿܡ
û˵꣬ͼүѾлĻ˩סݺڵϡ
졣˱ڰү³֮󣬾ǽ˯ˡлò, Ÿ߻۵棬ʹүһţͷѪôأ϶Ǻ, ˵Ŷӡ
ˣһϵϢж, жǺûǻ
߻ۣ
һʱ, ݼž, ֻʣŵԺﴫ
߻Ȼû뵽һʱЩˡǸоͺѾ˳˴Ϸ, Ȼһ, ͱ̨µĿ͸졣
ȻЩǻһŰѻ˴̨ϸ, ѹġ

ô, ͷĹҺ߳Ӷ߻۵ţһضлܲš
߻ô˵лŶһ
л˵УһεӶʹӦԸǿٵȵȣȸ߻۳׷Ӧ˵
ֻǵȹȣлһͷ룬Ȼѳ뵱ʹ
㻹վŸʲôȥ̰û±ˣûл̾Ϣ̫ˡ
룺
Ͷ䣬ǲŷӦƵģСֽһ̾ܳȥˣŲܶࡣ
ûһᣬȫˣҲˣŲҡҡͷ߻۵ԱߣƸһˮ
˵˰ɣʲô˵ǲѰĹ
ŷŵİɸӼүӵһԾҽţƴȫ߻˹ȥ
˵һ룬ͼлָ䣬үӦ£žһˤصϣҲˡ
·Ƥûգޱʸ߻ۣ㿴ûУ
߻ۣ
߻ˮе㶶ϰû˵ֻһڽһڵĺˮѹ
үջ̫أڸ߻Ѿ˸ܱսʤĹȻһ죬һ¾Ͱ̵ˡ
үʵ̫죬ø߻ûʲôʵУԼȫС
߻۲˵лҲǿ
л̧кŵСỴ̂֨ȡЩףЩȥһлҪء
ԣŵ˵ͷҲٹܸ߻ۣͷԼվǱ侲ȥ
ˣܺлƽ͵̺͸߻Ů˸ִһʡ
Ϊɵö࣬ʱ䣬£Ȼлø
գ۵Ĺ򣬷žǰˣֱֽ֪ϢҪил
һ㣬˵ԼԸС檣˵߻ҪЩжΪѡһһдٰдĶָл
ղӦûע⵽ҿʬ䣬ƺ͹ܼƣֻԭУС檼ʹٰ裬ҲС
ô˵лһ
ϸҼôңûϸлһظ̾ȻҪڣҲŲ˵ġ
ţ
ŷ˸ۡ
˵õġдٺ־ˣ֡
зǣţлȻϹˡ
һ̣лҲߵȨ߻۲ڣܻشӺѷһ°;͸ڷżϣָϷдĶԷ̣Ǹɣȷʵ檡
ŵ˵ͷٴлԾ˳лдڶ㣬߻˱Ըɱү£ԼģΪڹܶϡ
ΪǰıҪɱү¶Щү󣬸߻ΣԸ»ҰֻصĴۣҲҪð˱ɱүԴΪ̱
ڸ߻۱ôġ
лбۣϵǸү
ү⣬׳ϵ鴹ţŮʮ»̥
ϻŵɷǼɷסǽú硣
үڱ˱ɱΪǰ˱ˣʹ˱Ծð˱Ѹ߻Ҳɱˣһ˾Ҫ롭лţָָ̧Ǻˮĸ߻ۣүΪһ֮վĽǶȣȻ̸߻˽ˡ
һֽܿͱдˣ̵Ȧ˸Ȧ϶Թ߾ˣⲻںģʵһЩ顣
ƩΪʲôһֱ˵ԼԲ߻ۣΪʲôٰǿð˱ڰҸ߻ۡ
Ǹ߻˽ͨıɱү˭Ϊʲôڸ߻ƺû̽
Ůˣ׶ʲô
ʵЩϸڶǽԸĿ޹أǡ˭ûأ
룬ƫͷƵĿлµģ˼뵽ľֻôˣһǺܺ棬ȫˡ
Ϊ̫Ų֮󣬱Ǽл޽ǣŵлǹ㡣
ˡ
Ϊ죬ΪʶҪʱһ̧ۣͼվǱߵĸ߻ۣˮҲˣҲѹˣֱлء
߻ɴ۾׽Ҳ
ϱ黹еŹ֡

һͷлĿбӣȫ˼ڷֽϣʵעȫڷˡ
ǵŲǶ˺ıϢԱߣǸպģʵ̫ɰˡ
˵Ц٩ͼһֱǿĸ߻ĿϣĬƬ̣ĬĬְŤȥˡ
л
лûǲǣɶɿģ
һ仰лʵ൱ֱףҲǸŸ߻ﻹаˮûȥһ¾Ǻˡ
ȿȡȿȿȣ
߻۱߿ԱĿڸԼ˳ϰŰ˳ֳ̽Слʲôϵ
ô£˼άͦԾ
ле֣ȫ׸߻ΪλȻôʣھʹˣ㿴ϵôˣܶô
û˵꣬߹ǴͱŸͱһ¡
ˣ㿴Ҳ󣬶ʮ˾꣬˵Щʲôеġ
ġֱʶ˳ֱӵºǸô֣ûܼʱϡ
һƬУźȻеʮ־ִ٣ͷһ촽˵ˡ
Ϊ߻ۿлʵЩ֡
лŵȻ
ллѯʣ߻ۺȻһӣܵүǱߣҲ̧үһš
ɱĹҽǲˣ˳ˣ߻۽߬ȭͷǸմлʮŭ㲻һֱ֪ҵ˭ôҽȫ˵ˣ
תлͷţͷһصȫ̹ףҵǸɡʵ̡Һ̡ԴҼ޽Ըͺˡ
˶٣ͷһǰʵ֮󣬻᲻ߡ
л/
л/
⵽ʲô
ֻ˵ҺСԴףû˵
߻۷ŻǸ˼Ǹ˼ô
˵֮󣬼Ȼܶ䣬ŮӾҲЩ̺꣬͸߻˵ףȫүһ˵ء
лţ۽ûסƳү
Ϳү֧֧ᣬüͷ壬һ׶ʮڵذϷѾµµȥȴôҲ
뵽ԺУͷŴϿЩ˺ۡ
һʱ䣬лضԸ߻۵˵ͷ˸ƣ£Ҫ̫ż

ô£Ϊʲô⸱飿ŵղŻһܲš
ԣлĬһ¡
㿴ǸүƢգлֻյŶԣС㣬̻߸߻ۣΪүˣƽƯԴףô
ţ
񡢺˲أ
֮󣬷ſү񣬶ʱͱúܲˡ
Ų̣
ǺȻԺ̵״ŶݺݵүһۣתͷԸ߻һһٵص£˵˵ԽϸԽã
߻ۣ
㻹Ǳˣȥү߽ڸ߻£׼ʼ̹״ӿʱȴûɵٲ㿴ˣ氡
߻ۣ
ţ
ɷϵǣү⸱ͨ죬ȴôҲ˵һ仰ıȷʵܺ档
˵㣬ֱֻˮ̺˵
߻۹ܵүߣˣûͷүһڣ⹷ʲôɱ޶ģֻһ۾;öģΪ˭ҪΪȰһȥɽڣûգҾˣҲӦ޽Ըġ
ǰ˵Щʵкܶ඼滰ΪȢ֮󣬻ʱŻֺʵĹһΣҹﾹĺ˵ҪҰȥһʮСѾͷҩʱҾͺ
˵ûס̧֣žĳүһơ
Ҿͺ˵ֹɱ˸ɾ
һתͷͼлͷȫţ˫ֱֱضһҲżˡ
߻ĭ
Ҹղǲǡ̬̫һЩ
ûУ˵˵ϸãл죬ָ̧үЦѵأ̬ȫԸһ㡣
ǰǰͷϵ黨Ҳͬĵذǻ˲ò࣬û뵽̻ء

лҪ˵
~
һҲû˵һ죬һˣǣҾͲ˺𣬴ҲҪor2

ϣ鷢չûŵǣĺģ


48 
ݸ߻۽, ʵܼ򵥡
үˣǰԭǸ˿ģרС޺Ư, ţԼ̫࣬᲻ã͵͵˰˱ˡ
ǱүһҪ¥ȥ
, ֻ, ֪ԼӲħצ, Ȩ֮£Ծ͹ү޽Ըˣү˳, ʵȴŻ··߶ĥ˺üס
ûѼƻʵʩ߻۾ּ޽ˡ
̵ͬģ߻ǸؾˮŮ, үϲһҡ
ô˵ɣԴӼ޽Ը, , үڸ߻ҹĴ, ʵһֻ־Ĺ
Ȼó裬߻ȴһֱиԸС, Ҫ, Ǿǰү˱
, ߻۵ʳסжԼڸ, ר˿ţ²ÿҪŵѪ
˵ʵ߻ܽȫΪһָ㡣
ΪС°ɣԽԽѡСԹѪͻԽԽ࣬⿿үһˣŲ̫ãõİ취ѰҰֺʵŮӽүһ
߻۾ùġʡŮӡ
ݸ߻˵⸱ݣΪү˱ŵ˵ġԴ븮ÿ깩үͻѪۿٵһԼѪȻ԰ˮ빩˱ð˱ǡڸԼĴ
ܹ꣬߻۵ԽԽԸǶҲãֻ˿Ըܹ˵˵Щ⣬ôһȥģ˾ͺˡ
Ϊһͬ뻢ڵĿ߻ϲ̵ģĽ߻۵Ĵϸ壬˾ʹһļϣ˽±˴˵ѻܿԶվͳһսߡ
ദ˺̰ԼܼƻҲޱȫ߻˵ˡ
ʱ߻Ƭ̣ض˵Ըֶ࣬ƾˣԶҲӲȥүأ
үȻˣǻ᲻ң
ǸƢ𱬣ʵ̫ΥүˣΪ޽Ը磬ƽʱүʱ䣬Ҳȸ߻Ҫ˲٣ͺүĺ
Ϊ߻۵Ҫṩ˱ġүżڸ߻۷ޣˣҲԸ߻ô°Ѹ߻ۿˡ
̲һ
̵Ͷ·һ޶ϵʹ˻ŵүûԼ¥ġ
仰˵ҪԸȥ͵үʱ˳
үǵãԼֶΣ̶˳ӾˣʵܺүһֻܾУûйΪԼѩ޵˼
Ե߻۰ͷʱ̵ĵһӦͬǺ¡
Żˣ߻۱ô룬Ϊʵںܲð졣
үôɱģŮӣȫ׼׵Ҳֻʮ֮һʤ㡣
ʮ֮һˣɣǵȫʬɡ
̲Ҹɣ߻۸ҡ
߻۵˼һǿȢԸĹƷͱԸĥһȥ綼
壬ȷʵѾԽԽˡ
үΪסʲôƫ£϶˵ԼµСҪæȥ¸ҩʵȴƭȥ¾ɹƷĽӡ
һ¹ƷӽԸɹƷҲûˡʱ¾ĸҲû֪
ˣ߻۲Ẓ̇ôһѡ
Ϊ˱үЩСҲΪԼ
߻˵̣ʵ㲻غ£һԼ¾㱸Ҫʱһ㴫һֽյֽ󣬵ֻܶԷڶһٳ
ˣͺһܣûɣԭ壬ҷˡ֮ɱүˮͷβҲմ㡣
̻̿Ż̿ţһͷӦˡ
ʵҲ̾ԼԲ߻۵ԭ
û뵽ıã߻۷ǸСˣɾүһԶݣүǸһѵġ߻۲֪ǸС˺үĹϵȥţС۶࣬»Уһ˵Ҫɱүʱˡ
գû͵Ǳ͵ү
͹ȥ֮ǶŸ߻ƽմ򷢸ԼǮСЩĲ̣᲻ø߻۱͵͵취߻۴ţҪ㣬߻ȡһʱ취ʱ䡣
Ըɭϣܵأ
أ߻۶ˣһоǰ˵ֻҪװ֪飬£һˡȴû뵽үشϻʱһүܱܣ˵Ҳҵ̣ȻĵشӹѺȵүϰקķԼ
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߻üҪˣ鼱֮£Ȼ˱ҲȹԼѪ
Ȼһֱүڻһ
һҲʹ˱أ
Ը߻۲ŻᱧһԵ̬˱Ըŵ˱ɱүԼֻأСԺ˱ĸףð˱ɹ»Ұ
ȻԴүûҲˡ
ү󣬽ģǸ߻Լˡ
ԭǡлͷǰ²˱ɱүĳ̶ֳ˵ʵү֮󣬻ǾþòԸɢȥʹ˱
ΪǺ޸߻˽ᡰɡıҪɱԼүð˱Ѹ߻Ҳɱˡ˶Ժ󣬰˱ǰ˱ү
̺͸߻۵ĽƣʵҲүµġ
ΪүԺӺܺͿֻԺŸ߻ˣȴ֪˵˭һֱŭܺ档
үʳûʱͻᱻ˱븹УжޡҹֻᱻԸֶΣǿǰǹƫ
˵ˣ߻˱ԸǻᣬһƮ߻⣬֪߻˱ŵʲô
̲ŲԸߣΪİ˱ǰ˱ү
̺¸߻ӦүһֱԸǣү
ҲûǵĹ
Ϊүţ߻ۺ̣һʱҰѻ˵
߻ۺ˵֮ү᲻ߣ˵֮ԼһߣүͻڰԸ߻۲
ټүǼɷ״̬µĽƣͨƲ
Ʋ˵ףΪ߻ۺ̵ĿĹʧ֮ѹͲ֪⸮ﻹиСԽϲ鲻үȥֻߴڣԸλԷˣԼ޷ֱôйɸµĹȥ
һֱ죬˸ĳ
Ĺ͵겻ɣͷֿˣҲͲˣ벻һ
ڴйٽ񣬳ҲӲǾ͵
һСģûע⵽ͷѾˣزȥˡ
лͷиѰĺ󻰡

˵ʵʵ˲ͦ򵥵ġл룺򵥵һˡ
û˻ɷûΣգҲóִܣֻܰ˴ȥͺá
үҲԷһȥͺá
߻۾ʹȥˣΪ߻Ҫسŵ˱

лһ߻ۻ£һתͷ̲סš
մȥͼҲڿƺеֹ
лһ£Լµʲôˣûֱ˵ֻʵôˣ
ҺȻԼˡſһлٵͷһү׼𣬰βŵлҽ鲻̫ã¡
лһƳү񣬶ʱͶˣЦеصͷɣǡҽܺãȥܡ
һ̣һһĿԣղһЦ
ǡǸʱģһž£ǰǸȰˣʵ̫ˣ˵λˣǵ׸ô˭߰ʱɲˡ
ÿ˵꣬ͱлǿӲϡ
лְһյ׸룬ʲô˷ıȥ̵ţ̵㲻ϲдôлᣬǼҷˣҪܵزġ
룺
ֻǳ룬л߻䣬߻Ҳ¶һ㲻˼ı飬ƺܲ⣬Ϊʲôл˽󣬻ϿߣǼ˷ʱ䡣
лˣûֳ㲻״ĸ߻ۺͳ룬ƤЦشյԱߣƫͷͷСҧ䡣
лʣСŶʲôȥȨû㱣ܺҪʲôлң
űɭɭضүţл⻰ڰæ֮ʩлһۣ쬵طʵôұأѵ㲻룿
л°ͣԶԴһۣСŶɹˡ
ŲΪӦصͷл佱˴˱˴ˣ̵úá
л
ûһǧǰǸаСܣ
лĥĥͷͼүϵɷƺøˣΪ˸߻۵̹׺Щܴ̼¾һš
ˣתͷûس뷢ʲôʲôÿģȥ̹ݣ
лҪ˵

ܸ˵ʲôɧ벻ŶûˣǾףٽְ~


49 
밵̾ԼǸµ, ܳȥˡ
߻벻ͨлʲôΪǻ֮ĺܻ̿
үڵ, ԹԽԽŨܿҪһֻ
үı仯ø߻۸еľսѣֲҶ໰
ϾϵԹȻүҪһ㡣
ôأ
Բ, һ, ҿ״̬е㲻Ծ, 鷳ȰˣȻҵģ
Ҳ̫òˡ
һʱ䣬߻۸еܿա
߻۵Ŀղûά̫ãΪܿлʲô˼ˡ
Ƭ̺, ǰŸϻһ¶ı顣Զ̺ɵĿүϣ֮, үϱȻԹһֻ֯żĲ, ˿˿ƽֵƵʵʵ, ֻʣһʮ¶档
үǱ߻ۺ̴̼, ׽ԼΪһ֮ϱ, Ȼ˿, һֻɷ
߻ۺ̰Խ, үԽ
, ۰ױڣһŵϴһ͵˻ţôҲ
ƵԹܿۼүҪ忪Ѹ߻ۺȫ֯ɵļٿصЦү֡
˪ָôүüģۣϸүڵߣһҲʣ
Űүɱˡ
֮ȳ󣬳˰벽ʱǹ˲ɷѾȫˡ
뿴˦֣һ˫ϸϸüëţһֱߡ

ŵĶܿ죬գ۾Ͱһжˡ֮󣬻ĵлȷϵɶ˰Ȼɷ鼱֮£Żᶯ֡
ԣлæصͷһҲûУǣǣ
Թ޳꣬ɷⲻɱǹء
أүģӦǱŴصظǰΪٶ鰢ܷȴ̺̺͸߻үǰ׽ȣ¶ؾͻ˶ɷȻ󱻳Ȼǲعء
ȵ䶨ڳЩת֮⣬лͳ붼ԵظȻ֪űǲү
ڸ߻ۣ߻һǸˣôлһµɱүǷɻˣϱһٱ䣬¶м֮ɫŷŽεεлˡ
лˡȻȸ߻۰꣬һ֣ʹ˷ҡͷҲΪǣԼ鲻̫ãҽŪһĿġ
߻ۣ
Ҳаɡ
Ϊ̫䣬߻ԭش˸£˵ˡ
ǳ룬ععˣӦүôĺϱе㲻ԡ
ˡ
òֲ˵ϰ죬л˼ҲûУûסСؿ˿ڡ
껯ɷȻɱ⡭
δ䣬žתͷȥһ㵽˵ʲôĲ⡣
ʲôôʣģҪ˵үôģҲһݡ
Ǳ߸꣬л°ͣЦеѭѭյѽ˵ĳЩתұͬ⡭
һƣһգϵǽһĬ޼䣬ʱˡ
ˣɶҲûͰ͵صͷӦţͬʱ̧ĶѼһˣ˫ĿվԺﱨʱȥ
Ͼתܳȥڴͷ³ɡաƵĺȴƫƫվ˵ˮ׳ʿһȥⲻɪ׳֮С
˳룬¾Ϳ϶û˸ˡ
룬ִһ״죬ɫڵʯͷúˣݵϣתͷԸ߻۵ⶫʱʧһʧˣʱ֮ڣ㲻йѰǡ
˵ţָָ˯İ˱ָⱻСʵнֻⷨҪܰҵʬǣΪܽѣҲ³ϡ
֮⣬ø߻ۺһȥ˱ʬǣҵٰ֮ǿʯͷ
ʱ˵ֶϣԽκţҲûʲôǣҵˡ
ſʵеˣһʱ䣬߻۸мüֱе㲻֪˵ʲôˡ
̵һֱȶֱҲû״ۼүˣһһĴգʱЩ£̲סקŸ߻۵ǣСʲôѽ
ԣ߻̵̾ͷ
ԭ˶Ա䣬ֻбԶǱ
鵽ز˲¾ˡ߻ۼҪİԭί˵ˣ֮ϲǧлغ͸߻һлͳţ̬Ҫжá
еԺʱлۼ⣬Ժ̵ʬ廹ǰǣѾʹ߬ˡ
Ź⣬лȫˣԭץģһͿή˵İ
ԭø߻֮˼ִǺϻ㣬Ҳû÷ſģһ߻ϲ

ʱúܿ죬ΪżصظٵһᣬھͻɱĹ̽ǸղΪİȫлûԸͣһ̲ͣشˡ
·ϣǼΪɫģ֪ЩʲôлڴȤ ǼСŶķǣ˵Ű°£ʵĳˣСæҲԸ
ֻҡҡͷǹģֻǡȻҺ֮ˡ
лסƬ̣ż˵ϧͻϲأȴܵա
ԡٶദƬ̣ҲǺõģ
˵ˣĵߵߣһīɫϡʯʵûңǸүҲ컯ɷˣϸҲһ¡Խ֮ʣסǧҪ˵Ǳʹй˵˴Ӳͨ
æͷ
ʵ뿪Ը֮ǰ߻۾ͰȫˣⱲдǸܸԵˣ߻ô˵ѾҪΪűܵ׼
û˵ȴֺȻյŵġл񡱣ڻ֮̿࣬ѯʵĿⲻ䵽лϡ֪ôģʱÿлһл
л̫ˣҪлգǡ
ŰɡлƲߵһʯͷҸʲôֲҪġ
룺
գˣԺߴգƽ
ĬĬʯսУһʱԡ

ٵŹˣ˻е裬ͷɥġ
л֪ǾδҲ̺͸߻һһһ̲סȥο
СŶѹлķŵļС˵ʵͨ˺ܶ£ҺȻţЩ˵Ĳɣʵ
ذƤл½
Ȼлѻ˵꣬һתͷͼһϤİɫӰƮ䱻Źصа紵졣
ԭԼǸֽˣлһˡ
ˣﻹɭɭ֮棬һ֪ʵлصֱʡ

Զл
ھŴֻأ⡣
лҪ˵



50 
߽һ, ռԹ
Ƭֽ̺˽ݸлͬлתĶˡ
Ϊлĵڶ, ֮ˣлȴһֱμԼݣл֪޲ԣ޲
Ҳһ
лڼлģֽ˺󣬱Ȼ, ֪ԷѾȫ, Ҳʲô, ɿڰлϣ٤Χ£һһʮȫֽ˵ˡ
ԭǸ٣Ǳл㵽Ǳлؿġ
˵ϸһ㣺ǰ˴ֻʱ, лǴκߵģȵǷˣΧƵҲǷ, ԿνĵھŴΡֻءУлԴŵл, ȴǸľܡ
лľܺͳ˲ͬ, ܿ㳣˿Ķ
лػ, ҹѲӣлԺ˸źӵĹˡ˻¶Ĩڵ, һȫûڴñ, ·, էһ, ǰƮƵġ
Ҳǡø죬ֲãǸϵ̫ǿлԥû׷ȥӵ뿪󣬲СĽܹȥ鿴
Ϳ
Ȼлؿ滭ŷģ澹дл֣Ͳµ´ԼлйءΪ⣬лسҹ˾˿ʱĽǽȥˣδôݾߡ
ѷҵΪȺлѧһлϵֻڰЧãּǹлҪƽȹУ˼һתɴԸ׵壬л緸µһл˰á
£лض˿лżͣ˹û뵽֮һлȴ﷭һĪŮ
۹ˣȴܲңϾԭӦӦлϵǸ֣׻Ǳȥ˵ġ

ãлһֽ˵תһ߷ȥ鿴Լ
֣л͸ĸоʵ֮ó䡣
ͷˣķЩɫҲʣˡƾŲдѾлⶫжôԵ
ȫͲǻĶ
һǹû׼׼ӣȥлġ
ǹ͵Թ
ЩԹֲʲôö͵ɶ
һʱ䣬ле
Ե޹ʵģΪʲôҪ͵Թأ
ѵ˸лһΪ˾Ϊ˲Թһֻɷˣ˽ºķӴôƮƮ˵лֱֽ֣ٸˡ
Ҿǽȷʵˣлֲķˡһʱ벻ĻɷˣҲֻҪѴںôйٱ϶໭һȦѼָˣҲûˡ
ܼ׼ȷӣȴȣһҪǰҸôŹһеһУƺԼָһ¡Ǿǹȥ٣ʵǸһֲ߻ɡ
˵ôֻذ˴ΣδξȻȫʬôСʵ飬˴ٵùҲù
ȱˣ˭ڱЦ֮ǰֻڷƽƽһˣоһľܵѡô䲻徻
ԡⱳ󵽵˭ڸ
ѵ޳Ще˭ô
ĥţǰĬõֽ˺ȻֵˣЩˣлس˺ҽЩ֮⣬һ²⣬ϣΪ󡣡
Ŷк²⣿
ΪôҲ벻ͨԭίȻֽô˵лΪлЩԼûϸڣæͷӦʵ˵
䣬ȴֻֽת˸ָԼĺ󱳣ƽƽл˵æȥȴʵ벻ͨΪҪô˸֡
л㣬˸֣аʲôʾ֮⣿
л
лĬĬ
վлԣһֱֽ˽ķһתƳֽ˱ǰ˸֣ûסЦˡ
š֪ܸģĪɡ֣һְһֵȥתͷлЦŵл˵ôÿζֽˣ۾۰ɣܼǲס֡һǵǧǰд޴ʵĻСèȻ󡭡
û˵꣬ͱлһס˵ĺ󲱾ӡ
ֹ󾱱סˣҲˣգգۣлͷʹɫټ˵
ǹ˼гڣ²
ᡰ֪ܸģĪɡ˸֣ɳдȥġ
һתͷͿǱԶԶվţװ쿴أΣŰӼװԼǸ͸ء
ҡҡͷʾԼʹ˴ס˵ˣл֡
ЦȴŨˡ
ȵлŽɵذѾɿˣһָ˳ְֽ˱İ˸ȥ滻µġ
̫࣬ͷͺ
ãлֽ˱󣬲ԾͰѷȥЩ֣С˳
СŶҵ֪ˣлûס̧ʹ·żתͷֽ˷Ըȥɣȥлؿһ㱳󡣡
ֽˣ
УŹƨʾҲûУֻء
ֽ˱ߵص˵ͷ뿪ˡ

ʵϢȫʵˣ˹Źأлͷǰ棬ԶԶص棬һҲǰˡ
һţлһ߰Լһ·ֻһֿʼе㲻
ŹصҲǣʵ̫ŨˣʱѬӲʹ
ΪĥǱԼģΨҹζ࣬лԥźҲ䲻ʲôʹѷˣһ˰ˡ
뵽ָȼոɾһţͱ¡
ƺе㲻̫ˣɫ׵ý͸е㶶
ա˵ſлҡͷ֤ݡ
ôãлѾϰ߷ʱʱľҪһ£Էɫԣæȥ˷סˣüȻֲˣǰҾ˵Ϊʲôܾⲡֵͦģ
һ뿪ظɣһصظء
ȴû˼лֹ
Űʣǵϸ˲ؽУǺȻʲôƵģ̧ͷлл㣬֮ǰ˵Ǹǲˣʲô
ԣлʱסˡ
֮һͻޱȾҵͷʹ
㱼䣬лʹ˻Դֻʲô
лããȻ촽ŬԼͷ˼ţƮƮǴ۵ġ
ˣǺۣ
лԱۣ߾ȫǸ۹˵ģǸļ̧ͷ
лͿǺ۵£ŵƺһˣһźɫԹɷ֮
лǿסǰӿøһʱͼӡȻͷ̧øߣգۼ䣬մŶԹɷ֮ʹӴñ͵شܳһ

лŵüۣͷ亹ضԷҿˣСŶȫˣԭҼǲû
մŹֲƺлʶ߬˷ŵ֣˿ȥЩ꣬ȻϲʲôҲ벻ǰǣǡ
СŶϿȥһع£˵ˣҿظһ͵͵һЩаҡһǺѶԸа
лҪ˵



51 ƭ
, ûйأɷԲ
ظҲеظĹء
ȷ˵ظʲôǰ
ΪҶǹ, ƽʱû¾͵úЩԹصĶ򽻵ҪʲôҲпԭ
ϱ
ѡ񵽵Щʲôʱմ
һմԹ̫ص, ⷴ, մƲס, 鷳մ·ģá
лżеǸۣȻѾ˼ɻˡ
仰˵, ǺƺѰĹ֣ǱŵĳаԹأ·ֲֻ֪Ƿܿơ
Ѿ, ܿˣǻ˵
֮, ȴƱ˵顭
ŵĶѾô, ĵʲô˰
Ϊں֪طӦԾ, леܺ£Ȩ֮, Լȥ͵͵ȥЩ, ̹׸ع
Ͱ, ܱ֪鲻, ֳʲôõöࡣ
Ϊлͷǰգڻصظֻʹһҧ˵ԷǲˣԸˣԲûܽӵڲ鿴ַԷ˵ȷʵѾʧˣҲûƽʲôӻóϿ컹Ǳ̫á
뿪̫ûزȥ³ЩˣֳϢ΢ͣѳֱӵ˸ˡ
ˣԸ¾ˡлʹڴк󣬴ŷһȥһع
˵ظеĹ·ʵ֣һּ⣬ֱܷ⣬Ʃع޳йģ֣ǰ£ܹ˹£ֶֻûʲôȤģҲǿԱ͵ĹЯڵظﵱġ
ֱӱͷ⣬ٽ׵ĹУƹܵһع
лƽʱع
׻˵úãٴһѹˣοǴô༶лǰϴû˸ҹ£ҲСĹأһ˹أ͵ð
ټع಻Ц̫ùصأֱȴڻѲ
лظôãȥعĴٵһֻ־ù
δֻأ컹Ҫ̹״ӿ

ٵһſڣлͺͷҧ䣬ع˼ôΪźлͬظܸɣƽʱعӴҲȽ϶࣬лع˼
Ĩã˭ˮתСһƽƽͲϸˡ
ţ쬵ػһ䡰ͺƽһ
֪عƽʱʲôƽʱҲ氡
ԣҲ֪ΪлѾǹˡ

ʱ磬һûֻһ˶ߵĺͭš
лŵʯͷ׹ק߶ͭУƬ̣ϱзһȦȦ
ֻͷĹɲܽظʮʮ֮ѰĲȴСҲǹء
Žȥˣ׼ϰ죬ҲѾ˼֮Ӧôͣȴû뵽лѵһεһȴڡ
ųǧ˰겻Ųѵعȥˣһǿյģȥñ˻ߵһѹ⣬ֻеڽȼŵһ¯㡣
˵ʲôζ֮ܺţ˾Чá
ˣܵü˰ɣ
¿лڵһ˺þã˯˺ü֣һֱȵ˳ְйӶںãֻµһ¯㣬ع橹١
֮ǰͷͼлڵϣûͷƵһȴ˯ɫʱͺܲˡ
лߣɵĺ£ع˳üڵظԵͦãұ治㣬ȴԸأ
л
ǡþҵлԴϣлˡ
Ϊ˯ԺлһۣͼعվǰӸµضŭĿӡ
л۾һӦǣΪһֻôجΰ
̾˯Ȼְһ¡
̨ǫֱ̂лˡ
Ȼ˯ԺˣΣʶڡлۣ鼱֮ȥץع̨סˡ
סۣ֮ͼ̨һǣΪĸ߱ѾһԶˡ
žվţһͦñֱûعҲûʲô־˼ǲ´Ŀ֡
л
ǡ
СܣóȥˮСŶĸ첲⣬ѾԽԽˡ
Σлֲ鲻Ըվͷƽֵùغܶࡣ
Ͼռ̫Ҳ̫ã֪ܸģĪ
ҵͷϸʲôֻҪ𰤷̫ݾͳɡ
Ҫǰ̫ݣδٰʮжܵƣôȥҸβķӣ
ôţлĥҪѷżЩ£ȫ˵
£ȱż˵ѽȥ⼸ΣʵҲһջҲûУҿˡ
û˵꣬ͱعԴϡ
лߣҲּ⣬µĹɣôȴ˵ǵԼͷоظ磬֪ĵȻҲöࡣ
һ٣תͷ˷һۣüͷøˡ
лߣ㣬ǰǲ˵ΪǴľܱˣԻ岻ȣѾȣ취Ϊһµꣿ
һ仰лȻ̧ͷ
ֹлͷ̧ˣҲתͷٿ֡
㡭ô֪лʡ
ѵ˰ˣ
ǲܰϾֻ֪ǰͰܣȴָ֪㣬ȥĥľܵĸ÷
һʱ䣬л㶿ǰһع֪ôЩʲô
عֽźˡ
л߰лߣҲϸ룬˵ǣıˣкβͬôܻ޹ԵĲᣬ˵лأҲǸлϵʵڷϵĶ࣬㿴лôţ
л
лˣΪûϸעлء
һ룬лغȷʵе츳ȶ˶Щ
ǻǡ
ǼˮˣȻץһݣлʦҲ˲ˣæǰܼеʣ˼˵
ʲô˼ʲô˼ߡ
Ǳл⸱ҵĲӸˣعһĥлߣҸմӺδ
Ӻδ
ӵ




عʮ㣬лӦһᣬعνĵʮдģĵ̡
ûе©лͻڷ˻ţĵġлɡ
ûеͲὨۺҲš
л߬߬ȭֻЩ
ȻعּǳðõúܣҾͰˣȻҲңǵó²֪ڣȫõúܰ
ϣ̧һָţ۾ȴԿлķĿ絶
ŸûǱ䡪װʬǵǸײˣ˭֪عʵлߣڲò㣬Ѿ˼оľܣͲηŵĲڸԼ
˵ˣлߣԭͼ޲©һ⣬ȴƭϢشгʧء


52 
عǸֻʮͷ, ʵͲ֪Ѿ˶֣Զûһ˿塣
ʮ֮Уع׽, ˵ǰʶº˵ȫԵ֮Ψֲֻعȥˡ
ȥ˵û̸£ʱŭģŻ˵ʲôҲˡ
ֻϧ˵˾, ֮ÿ, Ҫܹȥһˡ
ȥһ, һأܶʼ⡣
ԴӵعȥǱ߿, ʱԵøɽ|ϦǰζǺ͵Ǳ߳ˡ
ͱл⵹ùߵĸײˡ

ȻһЩ֮, Ϊ˲Щëô£лҧһ, ǿʵô, ˭ң
, عһ
عӻжһֻСƿݸл, ֣صͬҪ˵, 㿴ʲô
лЩؽӹСƿ, ͷϸ, װ˴ƿ͸ˮСһСɫĹǻҳ
лߣ㻹ѧŷû¾ȥ졣عеεصôʬǺʱˣ㶼֪
˵ƿһСĹǻң񲻾ǡ
лȻ˵ң˭ȥ
ּ⣬ڵظ޳ºѰףҵŷʬף̳ˡ
ǣȷʵû¾ȥǿ鿴Ҳѹײٳ
Ҳ̫̬ˡ
ƿˮƺԶ治ůлüСƿӿֿǡˮ
عһͷٿ˷һۡ
ֹˮԼһ㷶ŵ걻֮ĺˮع˵ŭ͵˷ŵĹףĹǣְĹǻҽֱķˮУجβϡ
ع߻䣬лӦžȡһһ˲ˡ
Ҳ˵ʵţһѴлƿҪȴع¡
ܿûˣѽ⣬˵
һ仰÷ż֡
ллܿʹӡŻоȡϲл̶뵽ԷôѵֻΪƭȥ䣿
ƭȥһһεֻأпѣٽԹ͵ߣ
ƭϢشгʧء
ļģлع˵Ļһʱֻ

õĳĬ
Σлɲ̧ͷƭ޳λӣ
ֻҲطôۣȥڷŵĹס
˵ˣȻƭѣɱķȴкܶ࣬ȫطȥ䣬һһĥ
˼ˣлתͷţȻҲĲ⡣
£ⲻüǸʩˣֻΪɱлȫѡ٣ٵķֱлԼʬֽţƭȥ
ƭȥʲôıô࣬һ׾ǰˡ
Ʃ˵εĵھ
ڵھУΪлصĺһţ˲ʧˣ
ǡ
ʲôأ벻ˡ
عҲû֮⣬ǶѾ쵽Ծ˳ƿʼ͡
عʣлߣҲңһңǵظаǲǣ
л˵ͷع˵
Ҹ㣬лߣµûظУȷ͵͵аյĿ꣬ȴһûеĺۣлߣ޳

ʲô
л𾪵ۡ
һлַӦع֪Ѿлֻ֪üĶ͵ƭȥ٣ռԹȵʱ󣬾Ͱ֮ǰߵԹһȫͻϡ
Թζһκ˶ɣͷŻͬпľʯ֮ģƽʱᱻԹ־ȴûУеľֻһŷģЩ̰
عѻ˵ϣл˲Ͷˡ
Թʲôζȷκ˶
ǧǰûзڣͱ˸˹Ǿʧˡ
οۻԹԶԶǧǰǵԹҪ࣬ӡ
ΪǼпѵԹ
ʱǸɳϵĽ
ԹսؾɷʱһģǰʮʿۿսܵĲʣȫˡ

ĻʵһֻɷȷʵֻдӷֽţңԵÿһĽִ֣ܵȥһһε꣬һ˾ŴΡ
Ŵ֮󡭡
лһ˲Ļ㱣Ŵǰľ飬̽ʵû㿪ǲǾ͡
عһصصͷ
ֺˣȵʮ֮ǰеԹͶ»صϣ浽ʱҲͲˡعҡͷ̾Ϣţû⣬ڵʮûе㾦ܣĻǣҲӴ˱ǸľУһֻ֪ɱ¾ɷʹ
Ǻö񶾵ķӣ
ԣűŵû˻ΣʶսЩһץסлֱۡ
лԼҲе㱻ˣþԡ
⣬ȫǴѲٺ
ллأúúøлҪǺۣ˳ֽлѾһֻɷǧѶԸһ֡
˵ʹһֻɷĻʹָûǺηʥ
леһʵʵĺ¡
ٿأһŹͷȻлѿڶǵǵǱģԲԣ
û˵꣬ͼعֵ˵ͷ
ԡȷʵǵġعϵüɬҽȥⷢƿ»Ҫڹ
ˣҾʵ˵˰ɣǹʽʩùŹش󿪣صʱҾȥȰͼָ˵ûΪʲôҪҲңֱظ㣬ֶ·ͣˡ
ֱգҲֻǱͣˣʵȴڰԳﻮҪ޲©˳׳ɷ´򿪹Źء
ǡл£ֹһ߬סŵ֣ŷŰƿ͵عƤӵ£һ°͡
˼㲻ǱǶöôͿ˵¸ôɣҴˣֻҪ˵ˣһȥ졣
лعһţʲôܴľһˣˣҾٹһΡ
лߣţܽ⣬Ҫס
˶٣һ䣬ʵϣǰԹֳݣֱ޽ĶϷͱҸ˽ƣҽӽΪ˲صޣֻȥҡ
ֻҪܰЩԹһһڼһűֻ֪Ҫһ㣬³֮󣬷ϵ䣬⡣
лҪ˵
簲
ҵĴ󱦱=3=
עעˣ˫Ƥأ


53 ֽ
ܾ, ȴ̾ȣҪסʵѾǳ/вˡ
ϻ˵úãˮת, 绹вţ񣬾ֵԼһĸвˡ
ͼӵǶպһģ·, ľһҲܲ, ȫøŵù
Ҿ˵ع, عƽʱʲôӣǿǵظг˽ߺţΪ˵ز, ɼˣǳ
лתӣĦŸϵĻ˼ʱʶͻĶ
ɱʵ̫Σ, ҪǴӦĻǳ˵, պй¶, һԲ˶ߡ
ҪǲӦӦҲɰ, Ӷ˸ˡ
л̧ͷعһƶģ, ׼һӦ, ȻеЦ
վл, ŵıһֱ, Щعô
Ͼⲻعƽһ˿ӡ
ãлʵôң
ԣعû˿ԥ̴жһŴ˺ߣָǴСİ飬ʱﷶѹƶ񼲵ҩһֵݸл
ȥ޽磬Բʮ֮ԹͻعֱԲ䣺ҩֻô࣬һûԹռȫ֮ǰٻصظˣҲҪ̫á
ͺ˼ˣΪ޳Ȼܻصظ
лԴ˸е֣ʵʲô˵Ϊʲôܻ
ΪҪʱƿֱǰԹҡعɵذش𣺡Ҳףһּʬ䣬û֮ǰƿԽͻԽء
԰գȻһѶƿ㷴Ӧʱ䶼ûл¡
л
Уݡ
һҺͷŶȥ޽磬һʱֻزû˴޽ɷˡлѵ
֪Ҳ޽磬޽Ũɸأȫ١ɡǣűӻŵĪҫ
޽ȣ޽ϡܶ࣬סİ֪Ϊɳ͢ͳΣճϢ
仰˵ĵطԹҲ࣬Թ޽ɷĸʣԶԶ޽󣬶лƽȥĵطҲ޽硣
֮⣬عϼһƽʱôعأڲΪһɷɷҲ˰ɣ
ʵлôʣԭعͷŶԼְɣòҪΪһЩ߰飬ְء
֪عֻһ仰Ͱлȥˡ
عл֮ǰҲµʱҲûô㡾ְذ
л
ǡηҲȥãлϰ죬ֱôһ䣬ˣظ־Ͳˡ
˵
лôʣعŲæЦһ£쳣Ͱֲʧϵصҩֻʮ֮ڣǱ¸Ұˡ
ѣֻɷŵǻһˡ
лˡ
ʱ˿̣лĺһ䣬ƤɥΪǲǵһϴµͳ

عּۻãʱлڵԴӵһҩҲʮʮ
ȻӦˣ͵øϽȥ׼ˡ
˵ҵԹİ鱻лϸϵڲϣ·档ͷһһӰܿһͬص˷ŵסʼΪ޽֮׼
Ǻʹڴк
Ϊֱ˵ȥ޽ԭлֻԴ˵ԼҵܰﷶβķҪȥסһʱ䣬ȲκˣҲһˡ
ΪŵĲȷʵأڿл˵ǲ
޽ĸ֮
겻ʱ޽˶࣬أҪֱԻ״̬޽꣬ʱͻմ̫̻ͲýŹˡҪ޽糤õĴţҪý顣
Ʃһûе㾦Сֽˡ
ңȥý֮⣬鷳һ㣬ǲ޽ʹ÷ٲƵرǿʹ÷ֻ
ϾҪִˣǿɾˡ
ôţлڰһ鶼׼׵ԺȥʹҪʮŸķֽʼͷһСֽ˶
л۷ŽҪõģлҪõġ
޳һ綹̵Ĺţڰӳ״Ӱӡ
ΪҪʹúܾõСֽˣһ۾ˣ˶۵ĺ档
ţеƫ
˶ǰոԭģһ۵ģֱлͻ룬ڷͷķϣһС
ǧǰһ¾ͻȥ¶ڷ棬էһװõĺ
һСе㲻ԣҲ֪ǺȻʲô
ŲҪС컨ο޹֮󣬾𷴻лֽ˵°ϣһý롣
Լֵ/̳С췴ǿɲУлһý룬ʱԼϱðˣԾҲʣʼڷֽ˵С컨
һī÷Ĵͼ
һ£лϲ̵ذֽ˵ݸſɪôһĺÿɣ
һ飬û
һ̣Ÿɴʡ˿Ĳ裬ֱʼлӡ
Ǿôһȥģһҿһֽ˱ĵԽԽлֽ򱻸ĵԽԽ
ô˴ʱֱֽ˶쵽ޣ˫˫޴ʡ
лǿţֽ˲ŷһɫӵض˺ܾá
ֻ֮ˣһĸֵüһʮɧĴۣﻹתŸ˾ƽ˿ǹһİСӣԲĶƤҪѳƣͶ̥
лſţȻðһʶ˺Ұޡ
ԽɫԽӣԽɫԽӡ
תͷٿţַϵıҲܸӡ
촽˶лҪ˵
׵ֽ˾ǰţлȻ֪˵ʲô
ŹǱԼ۳ֽ˸ĵˡ۵ʱд첲ȶװˣһֽ˾ôվǰӾ̼ʵ̫󣬷еܲס
һ뵽ԼҪô꣬͸ܲס
һʱ䣬˭ûȿڡ
ãã̽ѰĿػֽϣûסһ顣
ʣлûпǹǻԡʵķŹ˴ˡ
лʵҲǸֽ˸ĵĲˣҷΪ˶ţֽҲеէһۿȥͺ¥ǻƵģ̫֬ˣѾϲģ
лԥؾ˫ЭʾԼҲڷˡ
Ϻ÷ֽţɹʶ˸ٵ֤ͷۡ
ʵʵԷԭ۵ģûͷСҲû°ϵý롣
ֻʱлС̽źͷŴ
СŶѵ÷Ǹī÷رлʡ
ʲôҲû˵شлķʽл̧ͷơ
л
лڣ飬ұ֤
Ƿַ˱ʡ

˵һεǰֽ֮˶۵ĺ˳ֻΪǴ·ʱл۵ıȷԿһЩ󵽵ûסּڷŵͷæûע⵽Ŀյ͵͵Լֽ˵Ѵ˶÷
÷ļСΣֻȵҪûӣʱ㷶Լͷһܿ
ΪȤζˣۺֽˣ̧ͷʱ۾лЦʮֵ
йȥǧľֻ֤ҪлôЦ׼û¡
ɫһ䣬еԣǿлֽ˵Դֶ
ΪлЦʵ̫ˣסƬ̣ȻԷոǸī÷ͼüͷ壬Ҫֽ˵ټһ顣
û֣
գһһСֽˣѭſڣǸϹŶվǰԾлܽô
лҪ˵
һ~
лӪҺСʾܺúȣһƿȥͷѿw


54 ɽ
ѵʱ, űţûԸǵֽ˵ټһ飬лó, ıǶ÷
лԴҲѵõ顣
˼Ҵڸ
ѯʺġ
лƨƨߵĸڿţͼüվſڣĿԽķš
ſˣԥ, û, վ, һݵʷţСˣҲˣҪˣɵĻô찡
ÿһֶڷ, ȫֻŷţлڡ
лʱԼͦࡣ
ôǵظôֶȱôǰ
һʱ䣬ле㲻ˡ
л뿪ڰѴڴ, ųƬ̣Ȼͬصͷˡ
й˵, ܵ˸, ֻ, Ҳܷɡ˵šﵹиѡ
һô˵֪ǰź, æʣ˭
ת鿴лһ, ֪ô, ڵȻͱøˡ
롣ſ϶شҿ԰ҵ, æȶţʵʰ˵ģͼʱλãһһͬ
˶٣ϺȻԳǸ⣬ȥ
Ҳʣʮˣʮ꣬Ӧûʲôɡ
ڣ
һôһ˲䣬بüĵĴƶչˡ
û⣬û⣬ҽȥͳ˵ڼͷȭҵϣ֣صһֻҪԸٻʮ꣬Ҿ͸תĿڡ
վſọ̈̄Ծֶл
ãһλ꣬ظ⼸Ƥħ֮ˡ
Լʵģҵõ𸴺󣬱ת뿪ˣûлܣΪзŸţԺܷġ
ȴˣл°ͣʶһ³ԼȥڣֱתϢϲģҡҡͷ
Ȼ̫ᣬһظƺӴϢ·˵ĵԺ󱻰Ƥ
ǡһ뵽Ǹת֮ÿ춼Ҫæתл͸е֣ܿû֮ǰôˡ
̾һתͼŻģǵֽ˵Ѽ顣
¼ɲУֽ˾ַһ
˲䣬лĪ˵껵£뱻ץĻ֣̿æǰȥӷСֽˣԼ֣ϵ°ǵֽ˵ѡ
㿴ʲôҲûС
лһ˵ţһָָֽ˽׸ɾıɿڱ䣬ϰչʾŲ鿴
Ϊ÷ϣλúֱܵͣ·ڵſ˺üۣҲûܿʲôֻýŽɵա
һж׼Ĳˣ˱ֽαװɷˣںţͷ棬ɹŹȥ䡣

ϸ˵ʵɹŹس󣬵޽磬֮Ҫپ磬ȥ޽硣
лǰ޽ˣ޳ȥҲ޽磬޽ܣһ㣬ϴ޽磬˵ҲѾ˽İꡣ
İʲô
İ꣬㹻һʢת˥ֱ
֮޽ţͷĵ̣лܲϤ
ȻѾع˳ŵٲϤҲӲͷƤȥҡ
ڷŵĽ£˴߶飬ȻݰָʾҵһΪɽĵط
Ϊعǵ鲢رʱ˵ܰѷΧСʮ֮ڣʵʱȴƫܴлû취ۿֻѡʱڶɽţסϼ죬ϸ̽һº˵
ΪѾò޽ˣлԼαװ̣ŷŻ֮ʵе㷸ֹ˲¶İŵ
ССţ뵽ǰŸžˡ
Ҳ֪µ׻ʲôֱӣлžȵط֣סİǣס
ҲףϾ׵Ĳ֮ɳܿ͢ءлϸ˿аǴģʵӱ֯ɣֿɫףԶһһ
ңİǲףҼһǰһˣſײ
է˾лʱһ£ʶתͷʷţʲôĪ޽սҵֵزô
ȻȫԱ
лʵԺԼľ仰˵ˣ˻ɣû뵽ŶԴҲǲ⡣
ң˭ȥҡͷϴ޽磬ǹץȥģҲİˡ
л
ˣ²ҪᣬѶꡣ
лڣܱܲǰЩ£㲻ỹãһҾ;ԼǸɵӡ
ܲɵôôȻţһֹһΡ
ѹֶǵԣԹء
ͺܾɥ
лôһѣб۾лһۣǻ˵ʲôûڡ
Ҹʾˣǡˡ˲˽ⱾطףҲӦƬ̺󣬷Ųźۼת˻⣬֮ҸջţƹһЩӣƹһ֪޲ԣ޲ġ
ҲǸ취лΪ˵úе¿ˡ
ôţų֣Ѱһн¥Ŀջ˽ȥ
֪ʲôԵʣ޽УǾɫõ£ʺϳΣƫջеĿ˺٣ֻɢұ˴˶վúԶƵĶԵˣֻԼߵͬ˵
һ£죬ѹôҧ䣬Ӭһ
˼ǣΪһҲܴĿջŴǽƤƾˣõСͼ˵ȴȿ˻࣬һ߰˸
ãܿһܸߵʵľ̨һԲƹڹ̨ϢһȸǵϣһһĴźࡣ
۾⣬һƫͷͿлǿŰ飬ڴջʱ΢΢һ¡
˺ܿе̨ǰ棬ϵأǼСûǣҲûرдǣ˶ģֻԼϸ飬ӵĲӣɨصɨء
ãֻվƹ̵ǿ̧ۣӱǿ߳һλԵʲô
ֻ˳ԣȴûҪҪס
˵Ĺ򣬻һ£лתͷ˷һۣƬ̣ضǰ˷͵ǲԷҪסꡣ
ֽڻ˽ϢڸǵüãһһķһشҲܽ
ϻ䣬˷ͷǶۣش
ˣҪס꣬ʷۣܲѵɽ²Ӵͣ˱ˣ˶ǰ뿪
˶٣ֵͷȥˣлͷŰġ
ɽÿ¶Ӵͣÿʱ;ͶڶɽҹǹأΧǼϵģ֪Ƕɽأôƫ֪
Խ˵ԽͷǶлҪ޶ɽ³çΪеͷۣüͷҡҡͷڷܵתߴԼʱǺҶ򣬳ɫ磬Ͻ
Ȼ˷ѻ˵أԵԲƹ˯д˸£һѹ˯ʵذӴˣãסꣿ˭Ҫסꣿ͹¥룬Ǯʹĥ߹·ۼҽ¥ۣͯɽУΨһһҸס޵ĵأ
лҪ˵
~

룺˭뵽Ҿôٻʮor2


55 
Բƹѵúܼʱ, ̶һͼ̨ǰվˣЦüۡ˵۾ԭͲ
۾, ԵˣƹЦдʷԱߣл˸롱Ķ
͹٣ϷƹЦ, ̬Ⱥ顣
ƹһƨɹԱ, վȵ˷, ˿ȴһĲ⡣
ʷƹʹɫдѾǲҪǮҪƹȨԼǸϹֻܿǮ
ķˣҪݺݵһʷ, ѹ˵ѽǸסʲô, ֲûס, Ҳ, ܶ׬㡣
ʷһ⻰, ϶ʱǧɫ
ѽѽ, ҵĺƹ, ɲ, Ƕǻġʷҡͷ, յƹĶԱȰˣȥסۼҵˣ뿪ɽ򲻾úˣ˵ͷȥˣѪڴɽӿɲء
ʷԽ˵ԽûסеҪͦͱƹһѸס졣
꣬꣬㲻Ҫ˵ǾˣҲǳӲģ˭֪ǲǰ·ɽˣƹİָ촽ǰ˻ΣʾʷϿͬʱбۣ۽͵л·лʷĺ֮󣬾Ͳסˡ
Ϳ¹ô˵ȥס۵ˣǲŽųȥģ˵ʲô˵ķӺܹãֻҪס۵˴ףǶǾϲǵġԺôԺ˭ѽ׬Ǯˣ룬Χӵ˶֪ϵأÿ¶ԶĿ̲Żס£˾͵һ£һ굽ͷԩͷ㻹ϧ
žһʷѵе¡
˵ˣһתлñȷŸ̬ȵЦϹ˵ǶɽȷʵӴˣΪģΪÿµ׾ͻг룬֮Ǹͦׯص£Ҷ뱻Щëëŵ˸ˡ
˵һ룬һ˫С۾̰ľ⣬ƳлڴĴָǸĸָ̰ԼΪƤ촽
أҿλǳȵˣҲĸߣϾǶɽһӣҲͽʱءͷβԲƹ񶼱ֵúƽ⣬ѹлܾĻᣬлٿڣѾʼӶԿףҪ˵ѽĳã͸Ƹɡ
˵žԿڹ̨ϣ¥սǵһ͵ڶ䣬մɨɾģϷء
л
һգ۵Ĺ򣬾ʹû˴ˣתе죬Ӧˡ
ұΪԼαװɷˣɷˣɺأƹĺʷ˵Щȫˡ
һųȥһֱͷġ
лתͷȻҲڿһգգۡ
ˣɽһè壬è廹ܴ󣬼ġ
û׼è壬ͺҪѰصЩԹйء
ôȻè壬תȥĲ飬˳̰ƹ⣬ʱסѶɽеļɻ䶼һ£ʲô
ҲǸͷŶĹˣѵô
Ҳ˳۸ֽ˵£⡣
ôţлҪ̨Կס
Ǻðɣǽ͡
û˵꣬ȴȡ
һԿһƻƹɫģֻҪһϷ͹ˣƹġ
Ҳһģˣƹŵһ¡
ֻл֪ӲΪԱʱһƤȽ̱
ǡۼҿͷĴСλֶǴˣ˯һ»ܼ
ΣƹĴӾл񣬹һĭ̽ŰԿƻȥСȰ˵룬˯öѽҪɣ
ҪǮأ
ƹ쳣ϿңȴΪ
żֽڶԿ=ƻȥҡͷƹģûôǮֻҪһͺá
ԣԲƹֿһлϴĸָ̰дŰԹ
ǡС
Ҫ䡣ƹ׼ԿС¥ʱٿأձ˻лڻعϵƹҪ䡣
һ仰÷üתͷ
лһ޹ĴҸʲôûƹ˵ôҴС
Ҫ˯ܲˡ
СŶǲ룬ǲС
廹ûأֻҪһ䷿ĻҹҪһ̲סҳʲôˡ
ţ
һ˲ãȻ̶Ǿȡ
ǵ㾽Ⱥܿʹӷʧˡ
Ƭ̺󣬷Ŷ԰ĥл
˯˯ء˵¥⣬˯һЩѵǻأһתͷĹҲˣ
УҵܺãҲУܰҵƵĹţǿķ
л
ֻܿ˭ķ
Īһ٣лһԼҪס
Ұοһ룬лȻ뵽ԼܰףɷƾʲôһҲϣ
ԽԽǧǰɵĺܣȴͰѵһ
˼ˣлҲûסŷĥ
һͷԲƹǰλүֻܿɫһٱ䣬;ͬһԺڹףʱеģ˵ԩͷǿʲôˣס˰ɣ
һ̰ƵĺأͼлתͷƹӵغƹģģҪһ䡣
䣬ŽҡͷƹģģҪ䷿
˵ˣһ
ôˣҾ˵úе˯˯أ˯һȫЩлŴ
òţ䡣ûĵضлЦ㲻ϲ˯һ˵ҲָˣʲôҾͲõ㣬ҸõҹǸù

лʹ߬ȭͷһĥ֨졣
£Ҳ۵ֺӰ
ƹıŪˣһʱЩ֪룬Կץ֪ջǵݳȥֻСٴ׷ʵ˵λү׻ûи׼ˡ
ԣŰͷһŤ˵ˣ˼㰮ôô죬ҡ
ƹֻתͷл
ԩͷôþõؿţʵܲڡл̾ҲǾѣлԼǰֹĴİҪһɡ
ƹġ
ƹû˹⡣
ðɡһһ䣬ӬҲ⡣ƹһҰοţһߴӹ̨ݸлͷţͷɥסˣףݾ͸Ͻ״ϣҹʲôҲҪţҸȥ˯ְ
˶٣ָлӹԿף׼С¥ǰɤӲУſڰײ}ϫ&Ӱײɣ
ƹߵʷ
ݵʷлͷĻ£Ȼסһʱ۾ԲˣдšͲʲôԩͷɵӰ

лҪ˵
~
ȥ˯١


56 ²
лͷΪɻ䱾, Ȼ޽ɣǸƹ˵ֻû, Ҫܵ෴ȥŬ
ϾµǶѾȷ˵һνණˡ
ȻҪ߳͵׳ն
ȻҪ׳նȻԽԽá
һƿ, ӭĻҳĭ, ͰлǺˡ
Ǻõ, ǲƹ˵Ǹմɨġ
Ҫأȴһа紵֨죬ҵſ, һҳͷ¡
лûӸղűǺﻺܾ㣬Ž, վǰлű÷ҲһǺˣת̧, ÿ£ڷŵͷ, Էˡ
ȵ, Ŵתͷһ, 촽˶
ҳԹҩˡ, ֻô˵
лסһ˲, ܿͷӦ, ˵⻰˼ǲٱˡ
һǧˣͷ֮Ĺϵһٱ䣬ȴòϣƺʼգûȫ߳ԼʦݵĽһֱſԼ
꣬Ϊһж̫졣СܶģûţеˣСȴԶ˯˺ס
ٺ˹һ𣬺ӻû꣬˵ӿʼԺ
Ǳ˴˴˺ܾúܾãֱգŻ㱷֣ԭϲϲ񡭡ûƽȿСܡ
ҲֱգŻ㱷֣ԭǸɵɵȿţ鶼ŪСܣѾǺһɹ꣬ϵ޳ˡ
仰˵Ÿʵ
ϸһ㣬ӵɵһĻЩɱУպĴʵްܴӮ
˵ֳȥͺȻȻʵûҲûбֻʱӡסò̫ȶǰʱóƻأ
ȻŵڣûлصϣôսǴӺδ
ѵĪǡ
лֿʼת󣬶òǻ죬ȻͷźȻڣôڵѵԽ⿪ˡ
˼·ϣлź֪Ըͷžһֱ˩ţû⿪ء
ˣǴأֻҪǴӷϾͺá
ôһѣлûʲôţǼ⣬һ󣬹ԹԵذѻϿˡ
˵öԣӽȷʵӦðѷŷһͬλϣƽȵĿ¶Է
ףˡ룺ۺ̾ʷ¾Ͳõлɳˡ
ôţлһ£һתͷͼڴأЩؿ
лſеһͷҸʲô
Źָͷ´أҡͷûʲô
л
ţһΪ᲻ҶϿء
лһ۾䣬Цˡ
ƺýʲôˣԺӻţʵжȥ֤
ôţлܣְǽǣʼ۲ڵϷ
һС䣬һӣӣʵľģһŰƹ˵ȷʵС
ûʲôˣһŸӺʹ綼ûУɼǸƹжôС
⣬Ѿ˱һң¥ʷ˵кЩûסˡ
лڷ˼ȦѲǿŰϥ£ŵݵǰȥ
ֲˡ
һʱ䣬ؿлڷתתȥۣƳлǿŰ飬ԥΣʵҰ
лšһ˳־ͰӲϳڷԹʱ滳ʵûá
µİģȻһܲ˼뷨
ʣιûҵǶʵᶯ
ԣлĬƬ̡
ԹֲԹ飬λᶯ
ǱĴʲôܶĶˡ
ļģлȻ̧ͷ˵
˵ŻĿڱϡ
һַӦ֪ˣͷ룬޽ϡ٣ǽʱһЩණҲܲ֡ӵİնɻĪġ
ʲôš
ڵǱʲôţҲ֪
ţеСţǷҪϴ÷ܾ֮󣬻ҹš
һľţСĵȰ͹٣ǶɽûһͨɵģһҪ˯һʲôӳˣ˯ˣһǵøϽŴӸȥˡ˵Ҳҹҹ졣
ȻйŹ֣
лͷŶһۣ¶ϲɫȴӦããǼסˣҹһŴؽԲȥ
Ź֡
ǵСԾ˻뿪лŶԷСס죬ٵõ˵
ŵȻǺͬĵͷ˼£¶ʮһʮǼˣǿֱסµףҪҹҪ취μӼ롣
ܶ飬ֻҪ˲ֽ񣬼ȻѾȷҵĶ⸽͸뿪ˡֻ֪õȥʡ
סˣ䱸ƺء
أźȻֵУȻҪס͵Ҫϴõˮ
ֻסһãҪסʮ죬ȴһֱԷˮϴ裬ǹƻѵЩ˸
ԣл˵ͷ
л֪һֱԼϸע⵽һЩ벻ϸڡ
ڻжʱ䣬лӷŵĽ飬ȥʵСҪˮͷˣѰԼʰһͨȵһж׼׵Ҳڵòˡ
ҹȻЬһѣ˴
Ϊ̫Слʵڲͷżһ𣬾ڵϴ
ǲصģ˶ò˯ֻһڴϴһڵϴѡ

ãлת˼Ȧʱˡ
沢ûʲôҹעǷƽ˾
һ̧ͷͼᾹȻûתһ˫۾ڿƺѾؿ˺ܾˡ
л뿪ʾ䡰ôˡŶ˵ι֪ҸղźȻ뵽ʲô𣿡
лסƬ̣ʶ׷ʵʲôˣ
룬Ǻкܾûôƽ͵һˡһ˵һµشһֽẒֵ́л֪ôʱ㲱˩Ȼһᡣ
л
лüȴźȻЦЦһתˣ㿪Ц
ʵҸղǺȻ뵽ۺˡ
ҺȻۺеһУÿ춼Ҫص£ǸԲԲܶˮĶǴŴһӲ
һʱϲңޱһȫϣѹˣʵֻǿľͷԶû˵£Զ治ů
л˵Ҳ֣ͦôֻҵܣαػܶãҵǰΪʲô¶ң֪ŲңԶﲻæ𣿡
лҪ˵
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57 
л, ˵Ҵˡߣȴ˱ϴʵʵġԺ󲻻ˡ
л˵Ժ󲻻ˡ
žֻЦЦ
лǸĵǸ, ƤܺҲܻ˵˸˵Ļ˵ġԲҴˡûһǧҲа˰ٱ顣
ҲΪ˵Ļ˵, ͱòˡ
лֻ֪ղǾ䡰Ժ󲻻ˡ, Ƕ߷, ȴҲƽϡ
ȻѾҪʵжȥ֤͵Ҫʱ䡣
ҹѾˣֽ۳ɵܵ, Ͳס䡣
ȼ˴룬Ϊý˳ϻһֲ̲˴˵Ţ, Ȼɺԡ
ʵ˵ҹ, йе, ȷʵе
, лվСоһЩ, ҲЬ, һ𼷵ȥ
ͷֻһ, ƹ˵ö, ⴲ̫Сˣͬʱʱ
ǼҺڵꡣл룺񷿣۸ȴף㣬ƺֻеʵľ΢ֵǮ
Ϊл˴󣬾ֻòţҲԾŲ˵㣬ڳطͬһ¡
ۺʱͬлûٶ˵ʲôֻĬĬڻָһ·ŵɫ촽
ôţ棬˵ˣ˴ĬûڡлպǷĻаϣ
ҲȤȥˣ˿ʼ죬Щûõġ
֪ʲôʱͲ´ˡл̾
ȻѾľͷȴ˹Ȼһ
ҲǺ֣ͬһ˱һӦøеǣлȴֻů͡
ͷһ۾΢ɲţβʼ۵һСƬĵɫ
էһǺߡ
лָӷŵ촽Ų۾ϣȻһˮ
ԭŴʱβΪ˰ýΪڼѹš
ΪʲôǵѹŲֳűҲ֪

춼ƤЦʲô˵лͬΪһľܱɵˣΪֹΪ¶лйء
£ûʲôоΪԵúʹһƽʱͻñֳϲŭ
һл˼Ұ޺Ȼ⣬·ѪҺˣȴҪ¶ɫǿš
ʵܲԼΪʲôȷʵģϤͽǰޣǿš
ͺܾлǰʧ̬ˣܶƵġ
ԣֱ۾ȵܸоˣŷŻشʵһֱ£ɶľ̶ɵģ»׵磬Щҵԡ
ٺôʱǨԽԽǿ˶ټǵһľͷٹ֮ɥɱУǡǡܺµĻ
ǺôҲϰߡţ
ԹԵҪ˵Ƥȴٿһ
лȻչȥۡ

һ̣ļۣβһƬ޺죬лҡͷ˵̵ġ
ʲô̵ģ
Ųԣ̧һԼ۾Ժˡ
ԭл˵ģƤ
ֽ˵ģǿţѹۿƤ̵ġ
⻹С
лսһ㣬ǺͷŽһˣȻʳָٵ˵㷶ŵβ
⻹УҲǵǰûн̹㣬۾˼
Щ»Ӳ¶˼Ҳǹ̵ġ
Ժú˾ͳϣϺ£ͻû󡣡л˵˭Ầ£ǰȷʵȫҵĴҡ
߰˵һѣлԼе£벻ԭ˵ʲôˡ
һ죬ƫƫ˹ؼʱ̣ưˡ
գлذЦ⣬Ķŷſ˺ܾúܾãֱڴӲлҲѧչ۾
촽˲䣬֪ȼ˶õһˡ
Сѹÿ֨죬õǻ⣬һԭȻҲա
ţлӦžһ·ƵɣȻϡ
ڰУŽŴӴһ¹⣬Ӹ¸·һͷԵҰ
ԭ֪ʲôʱճСèѾ˱ӡ
ȻлŸ촽յľ࣬ԼѰǸߵλã¶һҧȥݺݵġ
л
һҧĿû顱ͨˣµ͵ƨѪԶ
лײͨˣȻ⧲ҧһڣ۵õȴû군
÷ֽ۳ɵ岻Ѫһ𻵺󣬾ͻֵԳһ㱾
Եɿںлǵϸϸһİ̺۱¶بڱҧӡϣһ˵ѪƵġ
㲱˩Ȼᡣ
ҧˣֱ૵۵гɫθ
ûٿˣ˵ζҪԼôĵȴͼįȫһ˺ҧ﷢й
л֪ôЩһֱʲô£ʲôˣֻҪ㲻ҶҾͲֻҪ㲻֪ҾͿԼװ֪ҡ
û˵꣬ȴȻֻźСèһ˲Ϩ˻
գۼ䣬Ұ±СèԭлȻ֣һһץͱŲɿ죬һѹڷԺŵ촽ȻԲףԷ¶ԼƲءĲӡ
գۼ䣬˿ڱˣֻһԲԲСӡɫܵǵϸĺɫ̺ϣƵġ
㿴л۵׻ްϲŭ˩ˡ
ţ
ۡ
һ̣ת䣬Ȼߵ
лѹȥͷȥǷŵı̶촽۱ⶪڵϣѵһ޳ָѾ̽ȥ
Ȼ֨һ죬СľȻһǡ
л
ţ
յĻ𣬺Ȼͷһˮ˲ȫ侲ˡ
ңȴѹ˵ǣٽʱ澹Ȼһ֧ӡ
սžĻɳԼײ֮
룺Ͷϣ׹ػ˱һ׼дһ·֮£ɽʱԾȻȻ˾֡ʲôо
ǻͻȻûо
ãлеεķ´׼һ±ͷѹǸš
ȻһֻŸղȵϣ͸евԡ
ŵģ״е˵һֱֻۡ
ǡ
ʲôˣ
л׿ȥ
Ȼ
֮⣬֮УһѪԼһ˫ţ}˵۾
лҪ˵
~
ʮˣ׵С죬쳤̾

лҲͣģһ£doһ룬ھӺȻž///衭
С֮


58 Ʒ
µͷɢŮ, ЯʬǱģӵɵþͿҪۿˡ
ſлķӦ̫, æȻʵôˣ
ԣлָԷűȳһĶ
ԦʬѾˣ봲µʬȻ˿, һּ꼫ѹֵ, лҧгݵ̨, Ҹ첲ˡ
л
ʲôȻǸˣ
лһ̧ţɲشڻ˴ϡ
ֻ˵ˣû˵Ź
Թԣô±, ʬĻˣһڱ˴¡
ѹǽݺû֣˭û»ȥ£
һʱ䣬лúܲ˼顣
лĹŹַӦҲ÷Ÿе֣˵, ѾôĹʲôûڱų
, ײʲôֲĶ
ԽԽ, ûס, ȥ̽
û뵽ǣСʵѾظ, , µ, һ
ں, ·ȫˣСһб£ҪǷŷӦ죬˳ץסл¾͵ôӴϻȥ
л˳ץǴͷˡ
ΣȵСڲζмƺԴ״
һֻѪڴԸߺطѾ˳
֮󣬵һȥ
ӳ£˶ͷѪӼԹؿл촽
̨ˡ˲˯Сϣ£ǲеˡ
ᣬѪǸ˵лͷŶѵһ㶣̶ʼƤա
ȻҪЩѪˮ̫гһ;ͷƤ飬ΪʲôĪΪʲôһԲڴ¡
õľĬڳҿ㣬㿴ңٿĿԣҭ
лȥˣѵ̨㿼ȲһѪ
ԣ˷߷߾Ĩ˰
ѪˮĹʻڼ
˭
Сɽ
ˣ
ɽˡ
ΪʲôҪǴ£

лôʣжСɽ˺ȻͲ֨ˡ
ʱ˿̣СɽϵѪˮѱȥ룬¶ӲԴҰ٣ģԼֻжʮͷ˫Ŀӥͷߣ°Ϲһ硣
лöСɽʵش׼ʹֶʱͼСɽȻüʵǶˣ԰ɣ
˶٣ٲҵ˼ǣǶǾǶɽԶԶˣ԰ɣ
л˵ͷ¶⡣
ۼˣҲˣлŸҿ϶Сɽմģȷʵʬ
ҡôŨһʬ˵ֻͨڽ֮ϣǳôǿ׳ٻٻʮϡ
ȻҲлͬɻһ˫۵תţѶСɽشüȦĶл£㿴彡ԣصʬ
֪л΢΢ұϵʬڸ֪Ϊʲô¡
ʲôаΪʲôŨصʬ
ˣĪڱ˴£ҹ˺µΪͶ
ôţлСɽҲ𽥱üԹ
˴Թ޵˾ôţʱԹһ㣬ʱǱԹһ㡣
Ƿš
þͱȽϿüȻлѾúˣôܵ˺ܲɣҲһɡ
ԷŶԴСɽ̬ȣԵñл΢Ͱһ㡪˵ʵҲе㲻ˬ
Ȳ˵ģ˵ô£ҹģΪʲôҪѪܵ˴ˣʡ
ԣСɽл񣬶ʱͱøԹˡ
ΪʲôѪ⣬ǱġСɽ̧һָߵ²صúúõģѾ͵ס˼ˣһֱûб֣Ͻ쾹Ȼסġ
ססɣҪˣåԼǴ壬ⶼƳʲôˣﻹסˣ
˵Żָָ̧ԼԴ̾һôѹˣҪԴ۳ľӹεˡ
˰ɣѰ˼ŸϽȻĸȫˣѹڴ£ûȥһֻ֣ͱסˡ
л
ţ
Сɽô˼Ҵ˵ȻףէһȻռģ
˵ģҲǸ˲ˡ
֪ôģСɽ˵ˣåʱл˸˼£Ȼе顣
ټСɽȷʵǳңл֮£֪ͱûôԹˡ
Ȼǡô˵ܹ鲻굽˴ȥ˯ѽǶɽˣסֱ꣬¥ȥƹĿ䷿ô
ǶСɽϵıֱ̫׳ˣлԽ˵ԽС˵󣬻̲סתͷţǺȷʵСŶ˵⻰ռô
ĬȻҡͷҲãشռ˵Ҳ֪
һͷԱߣ˯бĪưĶСɽһߵһЦ
Щ˶ʲôҽ̫ùˣôԩͷСɽҡͷ̾ôˣѵûһ߹ǣÿ¶ͣ
Ȱǵס㣬ҪҹҵưҲûסץ
˵ţ˺һ򵥰Դϵ˿ڣһƳۣؿ򴲱һС̯Ѫ
ʱСĲȥġ
СɽеԹ̫ӦˣȻֵĲ֮ͲǷǵסлͷһ
һʱ䣬лͷŶֵöе£֪Ӻ
˰ˣҵù°ɣһطȥ㡣
õ󣬷ǶСɽȿ˿ڣѹѯֻ̨ҸڵطԣܷӦһ£
ΪŴԱȽƣԾѡ˷ʻ
һʳȻе϶СɽԾ˼·ȴԱܵͷʲô£˵
Сɽʱִܾٵصͷ
ô⵹Ҳʲô£ǡǵ̲Ѫô£鷳Բһ£˵ʲôУǧ˵ҡ
֧֧ģһͷһ鳣ʲô˵ˣǲ˵ԼΪʲôҪݵĴ¡
ɫҲһߺл˵ŻһȴʱʱſڣǺܵ˻Ȼһ
ԣѯƵתͷлͼлȻһһͷ
ôһͨۼСɽֹŹֵ̬ȣ뵽ƹеļ룬лȻЩˡ
ôΪ˱ԼʽأܹǵеƷġ
лôãܶطļ룬мɽˮ޵ģҲмģ۴ռʲôôһٲϼƷ
ڼƷʲôǿ̫ˡ
лţЩطЩƷͻǹϹţ֮࣬ЩطҰЩû˵ƷҲʲôʵ顣
ʲôƷţǻˣһȴԿ϶ǾǡûмƷԻŴӼ̨
սһ̨ҲǺɷĵط
񿴶Сɽ⸱ҶϺ˵ʵӣ¾ǱѡΪ˴μļƷˡ
ѡΪƷȴǾֻӣӵһ뱻ײˣȴֲ˵
Ϊһ˵ǰ˾ͻرطΪɣ½ЩյС
˵ҲǶ֧޹ֳ˴Ķ类˷ˡ
仰˵ҲǸСɽ
ֻһ㣬ʱûƷȷʵв٣õĶЩŮˣ׵ӤɽôƷĵطлͷһؿ
лͦ˼ģű뵽СɽʬҲͱµ׼еǳŹּйء
ĥأСɽлͷųٳٲӦƺЩˣ˲ԼͷѪ˿ڣһԵذǮȫͳһ¶ϡ
ҿԸǮҿԸǺܶǮģһҪҡСɽŵ߬ȭͷڿˣֻǱ˵ȥһΪЩ˶ˣȫˡ
˵һ룬Ȼü׺ݣһ˫ӥ۰вҪǲӦңԺˣҲŹǵģ
ţ
һ顣
˵ллûסСɽвЦˣ˵ǧ̨ⲻôµ֮仹˵˭Ź˭ˡ
лҪ˵
~

Сɽ֪ҾͲ/


59 
лЦ, Цɤŵ㲻¶
һֳסͷɿ⳨, ŴСɽЦʣ˵ʲô㻹벻Źң֪ǡ
ѰȴöСɽ֮󣬶ʱʹͷָ⣬Ƥˡ
䲻ʲôر˵Ļ, Сɽȴ, һĲ
СɽֱԼŴ˵˾, Ȼʱ벻ͨľ仰лôˡ
ãȻţͼǸµģȻתͷ˴µһۡ
, ĿԣԭЦݺܷİˣ˲û档

ԭлŵĴ𵽶ˣЦݼ̽, ·һֻѰӥԹԼϷʵצ
ʣʻʻ, Żʲô
лί˲, Сش˭ղŶڴҵģ㿴, Ǹܲǳô
ţ
ţˣˣ
лûˡ
һѾŵӰļƷƽϣȷʵܵݡ

лݵһ, ˼һת, ת˲֧, , ˣ̤Ьٴȫѹ򰡡
СŶ۸ղǻڳҲѯʼ֮ⲻֳɵˣ
һǸͶ·ܷ㱻ʻˡ
뵽⣬л˼ƽϣСɽĿ⣬һ¾ͱѺ

Ϊлٶ̫죬СɽŵùǺ
ǵл󲻾ãžҲ˼ظŵ˵ͷʼµ´
СɽǸˣлͷŴУǰֹŹֵˣžֻǶųĬƬ̣ȻȵƬ̺תͷʱȫˣдš׷Ŵ뿪
Сɽ
Сɽˡ
ôһ˲䣬СɽԸȥƷҲоֵֹˡ
ͷܿͱͷһ㶯ˡ
աաա
ģǲ¥ϵĽŲ
ԭ֪ʲôʱ֧Ѿˡ
ֵ³̫£Сɽʶǣǰ˼ԱԼŵѵӰӣŷ©ȥ
ǵǸƹ¥ֳ£Բ鿴
·Ϊӡ֤Ĳ²⣬ƹܿ¥СܵǰԼ١
͹١͹١ƹʣ״𣿴ҹûеܰɣ
ƹһڣСɽ˲ͣסˡ
ΪԼµǳƵļУʲôСɽȻеĿֻš
ڼȿ־УСɽȻתͷ¶ؿˣлΪֱֻµģŻֽҪͷ˵Ū
ȻлҲڿɴŵЦ
лû̻شƹĻԶСɽգգۣʵ㻹ҪŹ𣿡
СɽȻǽ߾ȫҡͷԴֱҡɲ˹ġ
⣬ƹûӦ𣬶һ٣žʵ͹٣͹ôٲҿɾԼȥ
˵žҪﻹֹţ֣ѵˣʲôڵˣô죬ʲôֵǮİɡ
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лֵЦһС

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һҲû٣һ
δ˵꣬ͱŲź۵ؼһӡ
ƶˡ̧һָСɽлҪأôǸ˵ʵġ
лһ˳ָٿȥͼСɽһŲŴ̨ƹĹƺ׼
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60 
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׷ԴӦǳʮǰ, ҹͬһΡ
һ쳣侳ΡǶɽаն˱ΧУĲб
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һʮ, λ׽ÿعӰ, ǰнҪǽǵ˧죬ǡ
ΪЩ淢, ûΣҲû̸ֱۡʮ׽ͨ뺣ǲҪٸ翹
˧, ߿ɱ䡣
еˣǮʿ, Ϊа
ʿŲ, ĿڱѪ
ʿȥĵ, ǹȻΡμ׽ŭݣ̫á
ǽ֮, һʱ֮, еãȻˡ
ΪǵҲ벻, ºͲʲôϵ
µҲû취, ΪѾӶȥŲˡ
Ϊ˱סӣǿʼ취
ǽһԸƷ˳ȥǴ׽ǰָһɽӭŷ磬˴ɽȥ
ûǰŸձȥű˹ַ磬ȫȫβִϡ
׽˵ǽˣ˲Ҫġ
֮⣬׽˵￴ģ֮Уһǡ
ǻȻ򣬿ʼҡ
ϣ׽ѣһܿͱҳһͷߣüĺܽ˶ˡҵ󣬾ͺΪϹʱֻнܴؼףɽ
ٺǶְȥǿտɽ֮УȻ
ǹַٹȴϴºͣǱ絶ֻһ£͸ؼ׼Ʒͷ­
䣬ʺ̵ѪˮӶϾ籡ȾǽŵµĻ
֮ǶɽجΣǳ׿ʼˡ
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Щʼסֲ׵ͣսҲϣֻڼҵӱ
׽ƺʹӱ
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ܿ졭Ǻܿȫġ
СɽԽ˵Խˣ̲סڵȫԼմѪġ
ʵܲˣľţѾȫĿľ
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ڶϵааһֻɵűͼƷȻԼѡÿʮһΡ
ҲҪһ㣬ɡѡļƷСɽƺǡͷߣüĺ׳˶ġˡ
Ƕʮһܻʮˣôɵ£
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ǶҪѡģʵʼնֻһˡ
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61 
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Сɽ, Ӧòƭˡ
µԵɣ͵ȥ̨һ⣬һǸ׽
ͬʱ, ץʱڴһСɽͶɽ֮Ĺ, ԼΪλͶˡ
ĥ, ڵϵĶСɽȻ̧ͷ, е㲻ȷʣ𣿡
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һʱ, Сɽܳ
лܿ͸һǶ衣
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׻˵ĺã³
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л
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ҪμӶɽļ룬͵ݺʣֱȥˣԼаֱӴӶСɽ֣Ȼá
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ôɵĻִˣһҪǾ
ηҪع˷ڣŽˡ
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ҲǸð취˵ͬʱܲؿлԼȻлûſĶСɽɵⷨӵˣΪʲôſ
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лۻ˵ô
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˵ʵʱĥҽûӣû˸ֽĻҪ
Һһ룬ôأ˿ɱ࣬ȫԿϰ
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62 
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ջֽ˱ʱɰ˾ܳԷ˵, 벻ӡ
ڼҪȥĵطﳤ˵Ϊ壬ɽԶһֻɵ㡣
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ΪģֻǰʱĹŹ־лӰֻҪͱҪתͷȷϷŵĴڡ
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63 
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˵, лһ£žһţ˵ˡ
һͬþ, ˷֮⣬˭
ǰ뵽ģþ֮УǣҲ, Ϊû׼ͷʱ, ǣŵǸ, ʵͻ˱ˡ
䷶ڻ廹ҲܲȶһɱصĵطΪ־ܵӰ, ʱܵհǰ˺СĹ˼š
ϾǽҶģǴɱġ
˵䣬лǿŰ, ǱȷҪҵĶþ
ȥšл롣֪þĶ, ʵԷûв, ̲סġ
þĶȫ, ˭֪Ȼĳʲô
˵Ѻ²ĵطǡǸˮεĻ
˵ˮʵܸĴȥʲô˺, ޷ʩչ, ŵǱ, ֮ǰ, С
ֽű޷ֻۣɱ亣ˮǻһһ㽫ɣҲܱϢУʵ¡
ķŻẦ¡
շŵӣֲ˵ֻƲţָ
ҪǣεĶݷ룬ʱвͬ
ǵʱ䲻һȴܿʶϵ˴ʱ̻ͨޣôһˣ˵˼˼ˣ㶯Ҳˡ
Բô˵þȼš
뵽⣬л̧ͷɫӿһǸ׽
µ񣬾׽ƤⸯãģлǴϴŵĿʽԼĶָϣԼ˭
⣬׽͸ǰֻʱΪͶ޽磬Ԫ˧ᡣ
Ƕ߰ǰˣ޽ĳûʱЧҹҲûǸΪϳµ
һʱ䣬лüĿԽϵĽᣬܴչĳǽгǽŵĺڵ׽졣
ôˣʵлѾǲ᳤ʲô֮ϳƾģ˶ԷϵĶָоڵ׽졣
ͨڵһӣѪ߲ã˼֡
л֪ʵǸ¡֡
ϳµĳ¡
ڵлļʵģԹ͵˵ԵʣлֻԼš
ƩʱлЧҵϳ¡
ƩϳĳｫԪ˧սнᡣ
Ʃ統ϳ뱱սԼǰ£һʲôµĽᣬȴȻи죬򿪳ţӭоǣȰ档
پͼǲסʲôˡлʱǰģųֵĺڵ׽쵹ˣȥеǺѹѹıʿг⡣
֮ϳ¾ˣΪǵʱŵǣϳ
˵ףĶѾЩˡ
ƽĶۣлܻǰڵ׽идлȴᡣ
һΪԹͱˣҲΪлͶĿģʵǰﷶоķܳ
仰˵лԣϳлԣ֮ǰ޽ֻأȴȫ˷ʱ䡣
ʱŻе鸴ӡ
Ϊ⡣
Ȳ⽭ĻΪڷεûֻأҲʱ꣬ΪλȻô߰ĻþҪΪѶɽա
ĪΪֲ޹Ͷоźô
ɼˣƽֻߵĵطʲôãھʱҲ֪˾֣֪ϳ±ѾûнᣬҲ˼
ֲַźҲ˵ͨ
˵κˣ˥䣬һ⣬һġ
ô⣬˳ŵʱ򣬻Ҫ˳š
ΪĬ˱Ѻķ²Ƿţû룬һʱ䣬лûóȻŭǰ־ĽᣬǲÿɷԷһȭǻӦ
ʵٹһЩǸùġ
ڽӲѣһʱ뵽һʱ뵽Ǹѯл˵Ի
ⲻûлȭ꣬ջ֣ˬЦл
ÿһѪģһЩֱл棬벻һ֮ң᷽Գǰò
üޣƤڣӲʣұüֱȧǴһĵ̣۾ϹģǶſǳɫۡ
ȻǶָҲãϹҲãƺһչʾŽᵱжôսûǴμͶʷмŵĽᣬһһĻ
ȴˣΪлʱҲһЩ鼮֪ǽ塣
û뵽¡

һߣǼԭ򣬽ѵ÷ɾ裬ֳ
Žһ£ɲǼ䣬ذ׹Ƕɺ̣ٿʧˡ
սȻֹˣԵýչĿճǣưܼȡ
·Դ˻ȻɻǺкл
˵лƣǱ߾ǰҪŵĽ졣
˵ŷһָ
лһˣ˵þƾ֡
Ϊ⻰˵ʵе֡
˵߼ڻþУΪһسǵԪ˧Լĸˣ˵ҲǡƣǱ߾ƴĽ족ǡƣǱ߾ǰҪŵĽ족
˵¾ΪͷŵĴţ񼤵֮£ӻþѹǰס
罭ɷĻǣѺǵѣǰһʹгսл̵һ㡣
ҲˣлͽẮѵԷܣѯʷ²ҲܼС
лᲢͽ̸ϳ£̸سǲףֱԪ˧ҷŴǸ²ںδ
ԣ˼·ϣݵסƬ̡
ܿͻعһסлļ磬ߡ
͹ڵûĵضЦ˵һλҪķ²ڵô죿
˶٣üͷţһλҪġ
°лû壬֪ǵΣˮʱлһϲǰߵĲӱܾø
֪ٵſˣȴȻͣ˫ֱԴ£ƺʹࡣ
ԡšһںл˵˵Լ壬ñţҪɱˡɱˡ
϶¿ġ
ֹһ룬̧ͷлԹŹ֡
лΪʲôʳаΣرΣֻʷ²Σ
㡭㷽ΪûУֱɱѦɽ
л
ѦɽѦɽϤϡ·ǱǸ
лüţΣȴȻһס
ˣл룺ôͰǼ¸ˣԭþеʱ䣬ʵǵ֮գ񱻹ڵǸ²ҲͲǷţ
һۼǽưܣֱչþ֮½룬߼Ϊڣ
һ̣лһڽƤõ֮ǰȥʮɡ
ͬʱһϤɳɤһղء
лҿˣߺ
Ȼѭͷȴֻޱ޼ʵĻɳ
ûзţʲôûС
תʱҲˡ
֪ʲôʱƬһͷĻϣǰ·ֿɼȴôҲһڵ׽֮⣬ȻʲôҲûˡ
лҪ˵
һ


64 þ
һ, лͬԸþ󣬿ȴһƬ, ۵ﻨ㡣
Ƕɽ򣬶ǰһıСǡ
ɽԹʲôҪ֮أһ㣬ڽ˻þͨ
þ֮˲Ϣ䣬Ӳ, л￴, ǸΪɽ, ﻨǵĵطϳȴķɳ
Ҳͬ
ǰΪϰСǣشƫƧ, ȴƬ
Ǹлþģڴ֮ǰһֱǣл֡
ֱڣҲɿл֡
Ȼǰġл첽ߵŵ, ִƣݸŵʿ鿴ʱ, ŲԼԡ
Ǻлһİ, Ҳ޼ɵɽ룬, ǰﾹȻϼ룬ȫл, һ˫Ů˻
ǣ˲л롣
׻һʱ, ΪԼʼնû, ˾ȻҲܻش, Ǳһ߸ʬͱл
һ̣뿪ѯʣͼתЦ
գ۵Ĺһа¾ͱסǰлһģһˣݼĥƬϸĲҶһЦۣģȫлһ˵βϰϷʵ
ǡл
ĿԣԭʵĻֱʻظУźܿ췴Ӧǰ˵ݡ
ô˵ɣлǰΪ޷죬Ŵ䣬ⲻ֪žڱ͵͵ǧ֪꣬ÿһֺݣʱμС
ҹӵ̼֣ͨٵ࣬żлÿһӣҪ˵ϲӡҲģл
ԭֻлѣһƭ˾̲ס͡
ϲвѵˡ
лˣȻõϺ󣬷ž͸Ǹϲ
װһоҽлȹơ
º񲢲ǻЩʱ򡭡
ǻþ֮л̬ȻŽ˾衣ܿ뵽лͬʱþôһתͷлͱл
лȥˣþ֮ô
Ǻ֮ǰǴһ˲ͬĻþ˵
˵ʵվǰлл
뵽⣬̲ס´лͼӶԷżϤİϣҵһлЦ顣
ΪȻлˣҲ֤˴лϵлڷĻԵ
Ҵǧ磬治УЩʱԼĻԵܻþӣҲûз
˵лı죬Īþֻ£ǲֵܳġ
һأ
һл汻סˣǰлţ֪ϦǺϦлɾͲ뿪ˡ
°лѡ
ôţŴʼ˼شԼ
ȻлİĪһŷԼԭŵĺ£Ҳڲ֪бһϮ
ûǴĻ꽫Լװоҽ͵͵лȾʱĴš
ͷðͷż̶뵽ˣף
룺Сɽ˵ЩҹμģɲǸ׵Ľ
˼ˣſл񣬾±þɲ
ˡ˵ҪչȥɽμǸ׽òлɡ
ţûﻰֹˡ
ȻлһЦ
ŸղС죬ܲסлãһֲȫˡ
ҽֺ˵ʲôأϸףôǽˣлҡͷ˵
һ仰ͰѷŴӷϸ˼ֵǸ²У
лѻ˵ƶѭȥȻлʱϴģֻͨıףǽס
ĵĹСѰлУǽǡ
Ϊʵ״һʱҲߣֻʵлл̾ҽ˵öԣû׼Ҿ浱ϽˡʱһҪʾϣɱЩһ仨ˮ
԰գɫһٵͷŷһЦе㲻˼ɦɦ
ҽɱЦҰΡл˵⻰ҿɾͺ˵ˡ
š
𾪵ۡ
ʵ˵ѾûлЦû֦Ҳϣʲôˣһֻ۾ĳǳ
лú˵̼ģǷźȻӦлʱ䣬̫ԡ
ΪظڿĹְصʱţǰ㽫߹¶ɾΪԼ̶ʮʱ⣬æѰлʱлϳĳｫһͷ
Ҳ˵ʵûСʱл
ԣ⾿ʱôء
ȷ꣬ͱлקק
Ȼ̧ͷͼлȻյضҽǰ˵ҵĻôⳡԣӮô
ʲôʲôԣ
ױ˵ķգգۣ˼þ֮еʱ便£˲ˣдãȻ
лȻⷶǷԸĳ
˵ŻлͰѷǽǣһ̤ǰȥݾܾذѷȦԼ֮䣬Եȴ˵ҽкãǲҩķϣӮĺ÷Ӱɡ
ԣȻǰֲ̱һãȻ
ҪĲ֪ܻشʲô
ϾƤӵ·Щ£ʵġ
Ǽžþòϵͷлڴͷɥذ˷ſˣתߵԣһͷײשǽϣԱˡ
л˵ҩͰæģҽúݵİƭң㾹Ȼƭңʵ̫ˡ
˵ҲͰ͵ģžˡ
ţ
Ϊл¶С˹Ƶί飬ӿ죬̾Ϳ׷ʵʲô԰˵
䣬лЦյߣſĶԱߵҽôװͿԾǱԣѦԪ˧ǰ˵ġԪҹı԰ʱȫӪʿԱμӣ˭ڱ̨϶ÿףѦԪ˧ҪһԸء
˶٣˫ֺʮҾĿʼˣҽҡ֪ҩƭˣ㡢һðңΪΪҽöÿףҵáҵȥѦԪ˧ΪҪҪ
ţ
ţ⻹ûѦԪ˧أѾͳˡ˵л۽ʲôԣҶΪƾҩÿףѦԪ˧󣬻˵һ仰
군ˣлڱϹ󣬷ǰִʼնʵʵ˵ٵĳ̬ȣǳԲ
ǿһ۾ʶæ
ۼΪԼûӦлü۵ȥԱԱˣŵûס˿ڴӦáãҸ㻹
ֻǻ˵һ룬ȴֺȻ
ãźĻһתŷʵл㷽˵Ҫȥ˭ѦԪ˧ôǵϳһλѦԪ˧
ĪҼǴˣϳڴ˵λԪ˧һֱսô
лҪ˵



65 Ԫ˧
ϰǵԪ˧ս, нᣬżǵú
ΪֵĶָۿǿǳɫ顣
лȴ˵, Ԫ˧Ѧս
һʱ䣬žúܲ⡣
Ե»ãϣΪԼ޿ܼǴϾϳ, ĶԪ˧أ
ǡǿл⸱֮, ǻþ֮, ٵߵԵʡ
ôֻʣһֿˣлｫԪ˧֮ǰϰУйһλѦԪ˧
Ϊʲô̸ֻԪ˧, ȴڲλѦԪ˧ǾͲö֪ˡ
һһµԿ϶ˡ룺ԭлδͷصʱˡ
ҿӣлϤ
, ΪʲôϤþӲ, лֱӾʶҲͦ, û⻨ȥڨ
ô, Էһһ, Źֵطһ, Ūﵽô¡

Ա, Ŷ˼תü, лȴԱˡ
ˡлסŵļҿҲȻֻó̾ҡͷˣҽɱңǷҩʱ򣬲ĳԵ˴ģӸԻ˰ɣôѦԪ˧ϵˣ
˵һ룬ͼѲ·ĴͷžܹźлŵСһ̽ͷЦǺǴȤӴⲻǷҽСлôһȥЩūҩ
ԣлÿɷЦЦ˸
ǷŲ仰⣬üתͷӿڵķ򿴹ȥ
ԭǸոձ׼ȥϢѲСΪ׵Ĵźлһףֻͷϱлһ縺ɫ룬Ȼر߹أܷ紵ɹƤȴıȹﻹף˴ﶼЦһ
ɣſڵ٩лģҲ

ǼųԼˣæֱͦһоԷŹؾرȭҽá
Ҫ֪ӪĴɴϡǾɣÿ춼ЩүСλҽҸү˵ĺô򣬾͸ˡԾܰܲϲллϵ׽ķţȴһֱ𾴡
ҲһܹѷţҪлһٴȥġ
ֻϧŸķӦƽղͬ
Υ˽ΪūβǶô˵ԺһܻţȻҴææͼѻתƵ𴦣ɷŽȻûһֺܲر鶢
Ķĺܲ⡣
зл
лֵҲܿɣֱ͸аƵģֻһķ߶ˡ
ʲôˣѵ˽Ϊūβ£ѦԪ˧֪ˣ
ǲܹ˵ÿ춼ҪȥܣֱգԴ¼ᶨؿƿء

Ǳɻ󣬻ָļͷҪһ̽ʱĪĬõķţȴȻڱԹлó
䣬л䣬ư͡
ɷϵǣлֹЩȴ˷һܺõ˼·
˵źлˣȻûܰԼ۲գĲͰϹ˵ñ滰ļƷ磬ҽڷܼͷǺ׵ġ
õĹ򣬰Ѿ˽
һʱ䣬һͬխűлм䣬ת˲һģ
ȱҷųԴҩˣͷΡĵؿԵ
л

ô˵лݵԺƬ̡
Ƭ̺󣬻л̲סȿڣǽʵҽû°ɣ㵽׳ԴɶҩҪҪ
л⻰һ˵꣬Ҳǵؿ˹
⿴ҪסԹһл㿴ʱβˣҪǵƤ뷶ҽȥЩūǿҽܳȥҩԼԴҩ𣿡

飡
Ǳлַˣųһл彣שǽһãȸֻҲŵĸϽ죬ˡ
һһۣº²ܰ˳롣
ԲͷΪ׵ĻΪɡ
һ룬ű˵Լо񣬾ȱȥþ£ǰԼþеˣоֹҪ߼Ҫ¶ʲô鷳þ˶ϡȻ벻þˣ˭
ôģֻһ˵ô濪ʼͷˡ
ȱ𳳣˵գ̧ԼüģŵʵҲʲôرҩǳ֮ͷΣ׼ǲһЩ飬Ƶܺá
ô˵лʱеˣ̲סþԡ
лԭϾֵҩģ˵𣿡
ҸʲôֲǴ򣬼Ȼҽ˵УǾһС
ȻʱɹʶлͰ˫˫תͷһлͬҽܰʲôæ𣿡
ˣȵľ仰
ԣͷ˳ƽŵܰЩ飬ҾԽǲԽ룬ԽԽͷΣҵæͰǵ£ϸϸظҽһ顣
˵ƽʱɶˣҽĶΣ
š˵˵ӪλѦԪ˧ЩҪεūɣĺ֪Ƕ˭

ѦԪ˧ūǷԴӽþ֮ʶֱƿþҵлĹؼ
ʳȴûˡ
ޱ󿴿ҿͼлͰڻʹɫ
лǶ԰գۣȻüÿʵˣҽǲɵˣ
лɣ಻ʾĳŵķŬܰɣ˵ͦģֻǳԴҩ˰ɡ
ţ
˶е󲡣ֲϹ
ĿڿŬԼɫףüװͷΡ
л

Ϊ̫ã˲Ҫע⣬лͰͶ˵Ŷһķʷ
ȱѦԪ˧Ѧɽ
ݴѦɽΪʺֶӣȴһ⣬ߺţӧӪڲκ˿õ£ƾԼȥЩѪͷսһֱȨգͳ˧ĵλǷر߹꣬ڼ뱱ӽʮΣްܼǴʵĳʤȺĽὭԪ˧
پЩлܹߵū
ūū˼壬һЩƥҲū͡
ϳ£ӪūʵǺܳ飬ЩūԴִ±Ϊ֡
һūӣﷸ֣֮Ǻܹʡ
ϳôŵȷֳĹУһū˾Ӫеūͼ޳ͷ֮ˡ
ūȲݻҪÿϳ°ն֪¡
л˾Ȼıӵ͵͵˷ŹΪӪм˲ūΡ
Ӫеҩĵж˭סӹǾӪеū˲ֻбڽķݣû˷ҩġ
ҪϸݵԪ˧ĸūβˣֱɱҲΪ˶ʡ뷹
лھ˵˵Ȱ˷ţԸԼһȥҩòЩҩģȥЩƤǽٵūβ
ƾ͵Ųɻҩ׻ǲ̫á
鼱֮£лҪӮñԣԱѦԪ˧ǰ¶ѦԪ˧һЩβĺҩ
ϾϾ˵ѦԪ˧Ǹͦˡ
ǹ塢ƽū˵ףǼȻϳ£ŵҲϳµأ͸ȫϳµ
ȻȫԼˣб˴˴ɱĵ

лҪ˵

õǱ˵ĳʵһأ


66 
޽, ʵǺ˽⡣
űľܱɵˣ޽磬޽, Ҳٹ޽磬޽ūǵĴܺܺõĸͬܡ
Ƿ룺лȻô£ֻлʱ̹ܵࡣ
Ӯñ䲢, ԥƬ, , һʱ÷ҩݸл
ʱ֮ս޲ʤ˵, Ҿֻһҩ˷ˡ
ԣлһ˲Ҫȥ, ȴԱߵİһ¡
лˣüѦԪ˧ô˵, ҲӦȥūģϳ½ûй, ǵüô, ֻװѦԪ˧ˣ㻹벻뱻Σ
Ȼ뱻, 
ô˵Ժ, лȴֻҧҧ, ȻȻӹҩ, ֮ش
״߷ߺһ
УҲӮ˵ģҶһģȻ㣬ҲΪ¾˵ģǴɷȻ˱͵սϣȰЧݺĥĥתȥ
Ǹлҩķţһ㶼ǡ
һΪǻþֹ¶ܷ뷲ǵҲѹͲ
Ϊ֪лһ꣬ԲĽ
оǻþ֮ٲӣȥ֯Լ֪ԭί͵С
ͱ˵лֽҩʱȻϲûϲĵزЦû۵ףͺȷԼõһҩƵġ
˵Уͬľ£лҲõһЧҩ
ҲǴӾеλдֵġ롣
ɺܼ򵥣ǵװɷлȾʱΪ˼ԼܴԳл֮⣬ûȥӪˡþȴܱܶͨʿϳ
˵ʲô
˵񲢷Ǳƾ죬滻һڹˡ
бԡ
Ҳã˭ӮˣҲ˳һǸеѦԪ˧
ôţűԶűʱ䣬ǳʱˣûˡ
ҲǲøлõģֻǸõҩҩ̫Եлһ鷲ˣܲס
ԸлæͷתҹӪе𻪵ǧ

ԪϳǺҪĽգλڳϦǻᱻٹĳ̶ȡ
ÿÿ˴ʱϳ°ձ£һƣԡ㣬
֮⣬ҹеƻͼУûʱݵ׿ŮԣɾͺЩԵ
ֻϧӪסȫЩүǣû취ף̫ţֻñˡ
ЩŮŮǽ飬ЩүվˤӣҲǽ顣
Ȼǽ飬ʲôߵ͹ֻҪʱ˾С
Ȼˣ˵ÿĽգЩѾȢʿǣܻᱻøң׺Щ춼ȥ
ô˵ʱ޵ͭڱ졣
þ֮ƻãȱġƩߵı̨죬ԶһЩĵطȴֻһƬŵʪһ˴糹׸Ľ磬һܳȥͷ
žͻ̨ȺУΪЩ˶ˣη壬ЩϴؼԼ̧ͷ̨
Ѧɽ̨ǱߵȾƣҪȵ׳ֺ󣬲Żν
Ȼ͸ǵԼԼӰӣȻܿѦɽǸĺܿˣʱ̹ע̨ϵս
ֻܹʱңΪǰҩʵܵл˵⣬ÿ䵽ͷϣлҲܲʲôˡ
Ҵӱ俪ʼڣѾ˿ʱлԤϵǰ㣬վ̨֣ﰲսѦɽ̲סİƿһ졣
ûĻʱ֮ѦɽͻǸ
ֻҪмѦɽ˭û׼ܽ⿪þ
Ͼ⾳û˵Ѧɽ֮⣬ʵ벻˭֯ôһ
ҲֻѦɽֻпģΪĹְȨҲ
ǰ´ˡ롣
Ȼ֯þΪֲǰź
ôѦɽǰͲԪ˧ֻһСô֯Ҳпԭˡ
ˣҲܽ͵ͨڻþ֮УΪδûѦɽˡ
˼ˣŲԱźſںŵʿӲ̨ϣҲգע̨ϵл
ͿҪˣֻʣһʱˡ
飡
һ˱лˤ̨¡
ų́ϵлĿϡ
ӳ𣬷ſ̨ϵͨ죬˷ܵʹ˻֣ʢ̨ǵĻƣʢЩﲻԸתƫִꡣ
ŴסƬ̡
ţ㼴ȼлʤȯʱ̨£һͳɤ
˺
ڳ˶һ׷תͷȥ
ܾŵľǷš
·ͻȻ˵ô£ѵ˿׵ģ治л
˭лҩ£Ȼ̨
һţһѭͷ
ȻͿһеϤ
Ȼǽᣡ
ˣǽᣡľɲ뵽
ȻֻѰıףۿǶŵģҲǿǳɫ顣
Ǿ仰ͬʱȱСָˣɲϡ

ǽվ̫ͻȻˣлҲŪе£ʶгǹǰ
Ϊ£л¡
Ȳڱǰͼʱ䣬ҩЧһֱ˵лˣҲЩ汾ڵģѰ˵ȸʹ򲻹³⣬ҲȥʾҽҪʲô׵ķӡ
˵տʼą̊́Ҫֹÿ׵İʵҲǸ֣ɲҲȥˣ
Ҫ֪ڱտʼʱɻûҩء
л£ֻھȡ
ǵ̨Ϲһֻۺл͸ִˡ
£Ӫ﾿ʱôϹ۱
ϹҲܵ
˵ǰ˵۾ʵսϹ˵ģԲܼӪ
˵ͨ˰ϾǰͿҲܴģʵڲһѾϹܶսϱ
ĥأǰѾԱ߼˳ֱߵлǰޱȭᡣ
ĺлõһҲһ˳ǹ
ǡڴʱȼлãȻתͷѦɽӵķ򿴣һʱ֪ôˡ
һĬ
ãһʿѦɽ̨ܳϵлͽ󺰵ѦԪ˧򣡡

򣡴򣡴򣡡
ʱ䣬̨ˮУʱը˹ֲֿ´˷Щձлˤ̨ʿĦȭƣߣעȫѺӮ
ţ
군ûǴĻллʱûȭӮᡣ
ҩˣлͿҪ궿ˡ
뵽⣬̲סҡͷٴһͭǮҲѺӮ

лҪ˵
һ

СлϹ׬Ǯ


67 ū
ѦԪ˧, Խ߬С
ʱҩǡڴʱʧЧһıˡ
µ, ӭս
Ϊҩչ͸֧л˫Щ߬ձƣ֪䲻ǸöԸˡ
ô, Щҩͺˡ
ಡ
һĹ, Ᾱ̽, ǹֱָлĿڣ
лֻñöǹ⣬Լ
һ, Ƹͻɽ쳣׶񣬳׼ҪлƣڷϾ
ƫƫҩķѸ, лڽ֮󣬺ָܿеһת, 亹ֱ, п˵
̨¿ֵʿǼ״, ΪлӶӭս֧, ׷׶Խᴵڡ
磡ӲǰĸӪģܴӮ, ͽɵøƽ֣
, ڽ֮ǰ, һлˤ̨çײӼ߬ȭͷһڵȦĭɴµСӱţЩùˣżű˵ģ
䣬ʱһƬȫЦȻôЦȴûһ⡣
ԣشӦһˬЦ֪ˣһƽ֣
ֳʱһʮֺгֵ֮Уֻлʲ졣
ھûͷѣٶȻ졣鼱֮£лҧҧһСǰٻȥ˽
лõʮֳ䲻⣬ҲֽУһʱ̨ͷԣлԵǰתһѿסֱۡ
ųһ亹æվȣСл
ȴлֻǿһҪʼʩݺˤ̨ȥȻȴûˤ
ξһ˲䣬ǰ̨¹սã֪лѾûᱻлݺˤϼµ׼ȴû뵽л񾹻ôġ
̨ȭȭ⣬һʱ䣬лͽ㶵ɵлãȻզû
žЩźȫϲ
лʱѾεÿǵأ죬ɫһƬҰףۿˡ
˭֪ؼʱ̣ǽ֣֣лļ򣬡Ϣ㣬ȻұȽ
˵žͿ첽ߵľǰ棬ûĽһݵлС
лһ㶣̧ͷȥͼضţȻû۾ͱٶȣ˭Ľȵ㵽ԷĿڣ˭Ӯˡ
԰ת̨£Ŀ֮ʱ
˶Ӯˣͽ𶨻ƽ֣ԼӮģøҵġ
ҾҪ֤Ҿ㡭Ҳڳ˶ǿ
ǰ仰˵ú壬Ҳ֪Ƿ˵Ҫ֤Լڳ˶ǿʱȻƽȴеҧгݵζ
ʱûٸ˵ˡ
ֹļžȴֻһᡣûãȱлȥİͿʼ
ģ˸ӣôĿüę̈Ϻлղǻ𣡻ϽӰ̨ˤ
ǾǣǴĴڳô֪ߵغСǣͻôģǸոնڳûϹܿл
˵öԣҪΪˣֵõȥ𣡣
лѾӴȻƲ㣡
˵䣬Ƶתŵı˳ڽ֮࣬׷һ̻ԼעǮתͶл
лģȫѹӮҪˣĵԲ˶ߣ

л
ллˣ
ۼѦԪ˧Ǳ߻ûлףⳡԱü
ֻǿӣ治֮Σ
ҲãǾȥϢҲͽ˾Ĵһ
ʱ˵˵Ҳ̣лƬ̵Ϣ㰾ҩﷴɣ¾˳
ɼҪȽлҲƴǡ
ôţɳ˱˴ֶ֮ʮУòֲ٣̨¿ʹƯһЩͱĽо޵ٰȫѹص̡
ϾӣȢǮҲҪ
ҹѺˣڴȫĿתսѪʱʯ䣬ԭڵֵĽȴһת棬תΪƴűлһ̨ķգ̽лŴ̹ȥ
ͬʱлһܱҪܣ˭ֻ֪᷽սֵİѽǰȴת棬ʹԱߺɨȥ
ıĦлƾŵ׵ѸǿһУ뽭ὣŽ
һ̣л⧲ֱ˽
̨¿ͻͼ⽣ڽзһƯĽлĿڡ
ȻıӮˡ
ôһ˲䣬ֳѻȸ
ҲǸɣеĽ˳лĿʱϸձлὣףҲѵһҵϣһƬǺ˵ķɳ
ж˼ף͸沼µڣԼɼؿϣһѲؽīɫࡣ
ΪŴս̫ྫȡʤһʱ˸Ͽ£ڣ̨µĿǶ¶İࡣ
¾޳ȵڴʤϲлҪ£ʱѾкµͷ̨һѾס졣
ڡ
вϱǿӲ˺ѵ嵽̨ϵʿߣָŽĿȫ¶һະ쿴Ǹūūӡ
ͼūͼðξϳ
˲䣬Ȼ
𾪹󣬱и˽̨ݺݵذѽΧ̨м䣬ÿ϶ǲε
Ϊ޷еʿվһū
ūʲôʸμӱԣ
ΪʲôҪлȽǲڽֽţ
˵öԣղһʹթˣ
ɶūŪЩÿ춼Ϊϳ³ʿֱӦñ̴
Ӧн̣
Ӧñҹ
лأлȥˣлԼ˵ղǲǱˣ
ûлţǽ춼վͷѦԪ˧ȥ
ĪȺм䣬ηηŲ˵л
Ҫǧ㣬ôҲû㵽ᾹǸ죬ðʿ̨Եū
⵽զ°ƽūҲû
˵ʱʵʵ˵ϽոûʹթİӮˡ
һͻᱻȺŭڵͬǣᵽ׵Ҳϲɡ
Ȼ֪Ϊʲôлڽ֮£ȻʶصͷƳһվ̨¹սʼδһԵķţ·ССҽϿˡ
δϷȴûڿ
֪Ӻʱ𣬷ŵע㲻̨ˣüңңѦɽʵķ
ԭǺƿս޲ʤѦɽڴ߳µش̨ϡ
Ȼģͬ겻ͬŻǴѦɽüۼϳ˭ˡ
ǡСɽ
лҪ˵



68 
ѦɽʵǶСɽĳǰ, ֯˭
СɽѾֻأڶɽƽػţǾ޿ܵ, ֻþġ
ĳЩط˲Ҳ˵
ԥƬ̣תͷ¿̨ϵĽᡣ
Ȼһ˵þ, ඼ǻþеλ, ԶԾΪΪһ, أ
þˣʵͳ˧Ԫ˧һūĻ
̧һۣĿѦɽͽ֮䷴Ѳ, ˼
ҲҲûܰ
˼ˣߵһЩİר־̨˶
·Ϊӡ֤Ĳ²⣬, ѦɽһԾ̨ΧڽߵЩȫ, ת, ˼ؿᡣ
㲻ֵµıѦɽ˵
, ͨһˣͷžִٵҡҡҲû취

ԭ⽭᱾Ǹûֵū, Ϊ, һŰɱūΪֵˡ
ʮ, ᲻ǰһСָ, һֻ۾ɹ죬ˡ
Ӳڰɣǰ˿žͦȤ˽ҷιЩ࣬ȥ˯һ˵˼ġ
ǻỹǸ꣬
ҹˣƴűץΣգҲ޷˵ˡ
ǰ˵ĸ֮ܳ󣬽Сڲݣһ·ϣû·ϸܳӱ
ӱսĵİԴϣֻؼ
ʱһӱ۾ˡ
գۼ䣬뵽һʮַļƻӱݵͭ͸Լְӱ㿪׷ͻ˼ҡ
º󣬽ϵˣͭӪҡһͭдŵġᡱԸūΪϹһֵֻۣ﷿иһЩճĴɨ
еĹأߣɱ⡣
һϻ˵úã졣Ѳ£ɹ;֪صӪģ㲻ɱˡ
㱻Ǹ;֪ġ
Ժ󣬽ھӪķû˻ūҲûҪ
ٺῪʼ͵䡣
츳һĺøǣȻȴ졣ֻϧһļϱ̲סܹȰԼȥ
һֻһֻ۾İϹûɶأÿۻôϲսòսҲԶȥ
ɽ᲻а
ǻԽԽ̰ĵġ룺ǰųϦʱֻɵūܴӴ˳Ա˯þ̲סʼҪˡ
ͱȷ˵˷Ǽϱܹ࣬ԡ
ſţ;ҪǻԼ̨ҲС
¶ūǶµ£û˱Ƚ󣬻ûסȥ
Ǳˣˤ̨ȥûʲôġﰲοԼ˵ҪʿҲǰһطͷ㱻Ҳֵ
ǽôţڱ伴ǰ̨ȴûϵӮӮˣȴлף¶ǰūӡ
ˣĺӾǳ׵ͷˣֻ֪ǰλΪѦԪ˧ô

Ѧɽ˵Щʱͷüͣڶ
ֱѦɽΪں¡
ԣڲ̧ͷңΪãֱѸýĶˣѦɽųʵ
˵ͷ
Ѧɽɫʱͱøˡ
ūȻֻūûѪԡѦɽҡͷ̾ΪǸͬģһá
˵űҪת̨ûڵϵĽᣬֻڷԸشðɡ
᣺
˵ʱʱ죬ǱѦɽ̼ˣѦɽǰⳡ־ʧȥȤһֻѾ̨ʱŵĽȻ˭
ѦԪ˧ѵ㲻ҧʡ
ԣѦɽŲһ٣תѾʿĽһۣʾ˵
ҲȻûٹƼˣҲһ
ҿǱӲ֪ӼصСʹҪʲôʲôЩūʲôӣѦԪ˧ѦɽҸ㣬ҾôˣǸ˾ͻ
һ߳жһ⣬Ҫô׵ȥҵȻе£Ȼ᲻ġ
ϻ˵˹һںë̩ɽҺڳЩ˶һģϳµǸܴ򣡵ǡƾʲôΪҳУ͡
ֱͦˣȥµʸûС
ԽԽñ̲סǸ̬ǰˣ뵽Լľûסʹ߬ȭͷһ¾ͰʿˣȥѦɽǰݺץѦɽ죬Ѧɽ˽š
ѦɽҲˣ¿ˮ̡ۣüѦɽѹѦɽЦΪ˭Ϊ㻳ﴧ˧ӡǿԼɱģֱЦ
ҸѦɽҪֳҪҲһʺĹùãҡҿ϶øã
û˸ҳΪȫɵˣæĶûС
ΣѦɽŻڣ΢е˼ˡ
ᡰšһβ΢΢ģƺܲѦɽΪʲôǰڷй󣬻ַӦ
ѦɽȴκӱܵĻˡ
ѦɽԼӽ˻Ŀɨ̨ϳȺʿ֮󣬷ŴżԳЦʵղ˵ͦԣᡣ
ϸѦɽӾʮ꣬նɱоͨʿԪ˧ִ˧ӡȨһ·ߵʵǺࡣ
ǵǼոմӾɱͬϷΪСʤʱҲȫƾԼŬŵõЩ
ܿͷ֣ˣúס
ǻʺùõְȴʱõҽΣ͵֮ͬ£ߵֵǶˣ
ƽʲô£Ҳᰤ
Լվڵֵȥ͵ȾƣڶϻǼùݺݵش˾ֻƽ¡
λʺĹùã˶ڵ
ԡڵּԶû취õϿɵ£ȨֺͨʿһĳŴ򣬼ֶԼʿ䣬ǰǩ״ڹŹü⣬ϳ°ľԸ׿ݣˡ
еζʵΪ˵
ողŻ˵˵öԡ
ԣѻͷֺγΪԵʣʹƴŬʮ֣Ҳֻܱ˿֣
˵ˣʵͲ˿ðˣֻϽ곤꣬߶·ͷỹûУԼݽԼס
һѡ

ݵػ֮Ѧɽ̧ۣһŽˣȻԽһֵ⡣
Ѧɽʣ𣿡
ԣʶɴۣ㶴
ôȻǵǰλеľҲǰһ㡭
Ṿһĭֻڸ
Ƚ˳ŷǸµͷ룬ͼѦɽѾʿУҪһոȼչľ
ӤС۰ϸľһ˱յýڣð̣ԼɿûüȫϨĻǡ
ᣬ֪㲻ھ͸Ļᡣ
Ѧɽ˵ŻȽᷴӦһѳǰ֮˵½󣬽ҹ̵ĽľڶԷؿڴūӡϡ
ղңҼסˣǴӽ쿪ʼлͶҵĸˡѦɽЦŵͬʱ˳Ͳ̨֪˶õлᣬպ֤ûˣͬ
ͬһѦɽͨʿԸʺҲԸðļƲߣֻǧȥ͵ϮӪǸСһ
ڽʿ
ӽ󣬽оֻǽᣬū
вߣʱὣҵλƴûУ
лҪ˵


ллҾվ̨Ͼ㣬ֲֶ࣬εҲ㣬ȥQAQ


69 ʶ
̨, Ѧɽ˵ʲôѲٿ
Ŵ㾡뿪
񣬼ȻþѾҵ, ٴȥҲ棬羡ơ
л
վ̨¹˽ʱսѾȷлл
Ͼԭþˣͱڻþ, ϸϸͬ
ʱ, ̨ܵԽԽŨ, ʿǵʼһڻʧڱǡ
ҹѹ¡ĥţȴ˴ȫס֮, һʱֻصлȥҩʱȻոһظıԡ
Ϊþǽᣬ
һֻѾǰȥ, ȴקסȻͷͼл̨, ׷ߡ
ҽ, Ҫȥһỹףأлʡ
ʻʱ, лΪձ˸˷ܵǺһ, ӳ, Եֺ, ĳ, Щģʿǣ·硣
ƯúۣΪȥлѣֻڷܵˣȻȥϢ
ԣлü
ҽɫ̫á
ɫӣ˵һֻɫܺòŹˡ
£ֻˡգŰԼлҡͷ
ȻһתӾֱקסˡ
˳䣬лһ߬סָͷȥǰ÷Ųò̧ۿ
þ֮˲Ϣ䣬Ѿ̫ãżл·ܲʵʲô£
ҡҡ
лۣӻһСľݷ˵֧͵㡣
ҽ֪Ϊʲôܾһߣٲˡ
ţ
ſһԼСľˣԥһģƭ㡣
л񻹺ᣬյʱ㣬ǻڴԼʮط꣬Ȼһһơ
ô˵лʱеϵЦѽҽ㿴ңǺˣŻ˵˵ƽʱһӪţ̧ͷͷģ˵ʲô
ţ⵹ʵϾþжģҲʵڹһ
Ȼʵڹһҽȷʵնл
˼ˣűҲŵͷ
ϻճڣűʶüȻһϸڡ
룬ûǴĻսþʱлõǸƺ˼㺰һҽ
ⲻ԰ô֪շ
仰˵ڻþеݣǵʵڹһλ˴ǲлǰñǸ򿴴ôֱӺգ
ĪǵǸҲԷܲôɰɡ
һʱ䣬ԽԽоԣ̲סϸϸлСľˡϸԲһģһ
⡭ⲻǸ˿̵ģǸ̵ġ
ǵ꣬ȷʵлûʱ̽ѽ
ĴָָĥľաɻţźȻ뵽꣬ʱлĵһ仰ƺǡ˼ϴˡ
ڶ仰ǣȣ֮⣬ûֵѽ
仰ʶһ㳤úˣͲ࣬곤ЩӦûôˡ
ȻЩķţһ˲ЩãȻ
ѵѵлģ
˭ðΪʲôðΪʲôҪллã
Էǵѡ
ȫˣһҡ
ڼȵĻ֮У˼ؿлԼһ˿ıζ
ǵǱ߸ɵİɡ
ǵΪʲôҪðӣлʶ
ҡΪʲôڽʶ֮ʲôûɣ
ܳıŹش󿪵ĵֹŹֵù
ԴˣŸеͷۣĬĬ߬СľˣԴתҪߡûٵۻء
棬лһŻˣæֳӵЦҽúЩҪҪºһף
ҡҡͷлǲע£ǰȺĬȻûԼĶʣ˳ֶ˶ӮǮ
ţˣֻǻö
л
лһ¿ˣ۰Թҽ㾹ȻѺӮ
˶٣ǲŰطֹţҵҩȻѹӮ˵ȷʵӮˣȻѹӮ
ţ
֪ôģĪЩ顣
ãĿ˸򴽣ͭǮָлһοҸҩҩǶҾĥţ㿴㶼ѾôˣҲӦˣǰɡ
Խ˵ԽСΪֻҪ̧۾ܿлԹƵһųһֲᣬдšôԱҡ
żɲĶָٷлһǮûá
ԥ󣬷žֻĳлֱȻɴߣҪЩϸڣ´ѹӮ
лһԲüëɵ֣һСԱ
áлҧгݵҡͷͬʱǮط˦ͷˣ㰮ѹ˭ѹ˭´ҿ϶Ӯ
ߵ·ٻͷ鼫䰧Թ´ҲȫѹӮûǮˣҽǮ
ţ
лڳԴ
֪Ӧлڸʲôķţһ¾ͱԼ뷨ŵˡ
ԭΪվлǰķҽʵ
Ե˭ôȱ£Ѿ˼䣬Ϊ˱ģлһѡʱ˵ڵİ
ŰԴըˡ
أʪһ˲ɢڳ̨ڵһУȫ£˺ڰҹɫ֮УҲ÷Ŵ˿̻ججӣ˲˲١
ܵЩɢȥֻصϡˣ롣
Сľ˱̵ϧͷȻԼӮǮһ𣬰Ǭ
һ̣̯ģеһŰ棬һ·ȥ
Ϊ̫ڶ£һ죬͵Ŀ̫ȥǱһҶĿִСǡ

̫Ũ˿ǰľáãžƬ·ûоͷУһֱǰţ֪˶೤ʱ䣬Ҳ֪˶Զ
֮ڴӭ濴ģǰ̫ʱ챻Ⱦϼ⡣
ϼ¾лһ£л
ӭϼ⣬һ߬İ棬첽лķܹȥߺлҿˣ
䣬ͼл·ǶĺȻУѭתͷ
ֻǺ֣лȻȷʵķĿȴԽԶԶĿ
񡭡Ȼȴһ
лҪ˵
һ


70 
лסƬ, ΣôѰŵӰ
ŵ
˵лҾǰء
ֻзŵ, н
˵ѦɽҾǰء
գۼ䣬翹غϵһǰ߶ţҾǰ, 㿴𣿡
Ƽ, С
Ϊڻþ, лǰֵе£촽˶֪ĵġ
ϣһ, ̹׵СŶҪһܡ
Ѵ˶÷
δ䣬ûˡ
ҲǳĬ, ش
һֶл˲Ͱˡ
̸֮¡лȻ, ȴͨŵ̽, ȷ˷ܿ, Ժ޹˼ɵʵСŶ, 㷽ȥĶˣ
Ȼ, ݵسĬ, ǰǿŭĻش𣺡˵
, лһ
뷶Žþʱ䣬಻һӣô˵ˣ
лɻ󣬸հüȿڣֳ˵ԼոյŶ򵥽һ顣
лߵͷŷŵƮȥǰ̲סпˣҼǵǳԣܳ£벻ѦɽΡ
ֻǿϧˣϻʵۺѦʺû֮ѦұʧˣѦɽҲΪѦգպյµ۵жд̣ʼûܶɽ𡣡
ֻϧѦɽһӶںԼ϶û
֮⣬ѾԵķȻÿɷ
棬ĬƬ̡Ƭ̺󣬷źȻ𷽲վ̨ϵѦɽЩʵѦɽǸ˰㻹ǵô
⻰л
ǵǼǵãֻʱ̫ãǲˡ
ʱ򲻵òϣȥŴΣǧֻأлŵļ䣬̫ӻңʹԹ͵ˣżʱҲͷۺһᡣ
ô
ҳȥл£Щִĵ׸Ŭߴʷ˵ѽúͽճһԶ

ң뵱꣬лл֮ʱȸľѦɽ
ֻû꣬ϻʵۺѦʺ˫˫ʱµ۵ǻһگѦɽٻؾУıȨ
ô²ֻ˵µ۵Ѧɽͨе֤ݣҪ䴦
֪ôģѦɽǱһ͵͵ˣûɣӴ䲻Ϊɱͣ޼ȻµγµԪ˧лҲ˳±˽ĸ˹ϵһֱϵҲĬ
ֻټѦɽʱѦɽȻ˱Ľʮʦ£ϳ£ԼͨеʵԸҲ֡
лǵãǻѦɽϵģǽᡣ
Ȼо̣ű󣬽ᶼ򲻹Ѧɽͬл򲻹ᡣ
Ϊ˳ͷǰѦɽǸҪĹѦɽ鶼ȥˣ˵ƨһ
ȻսһʼᱻѦɽýڽڰˣһ·صǣսϱɱ˶ѳСɽ˵ǺʬҰҲš
ֻ˭Ҳû뵽̴󣬾ȻлһǹѦɽ׽ӪС
ǣѦɽպ󣬽ᾹȻһ̬˷ˣлȰ裬سǽʿ죬ӭǡ
ȴͶδ֮£Լ˵ԼôΪ˱еİա
˵ѦɽʵҰĲһͳڱĹĴ㣬˴£ϳҲڱصá
ˣѦɽ˵ʵͼΣιзʵܵġϳǸֻ֪ŪȨݵСʵ۶ֱʤ㡣
ԣ翹齵
Ϊϳµʤʵ΢˵ײܸıսյĽһ򲽽㽭ƴֿѦɽʮѦɽ󣬻ʮؼڻ
ͶǣֻҪԸͷѦɽڣɱаնȻ
Ϊ£лʱͽһܣΪ˺Щ졣
ٺ˽죬ᴩһףվڸ߸ߵĳ¥֮ϣسǵʿǿš
ﲻϿ˵ҽǿţΪԼΪ˱סǵ޶Сǰϳ»ʵΣǵĻʵ۱¾жô޵һ˼ȥǾţĪҪٿ˳޹ա
ΪߣΪԿɱǣΪģʵǸŰأ
±ˡ
Σ֮ʣᱻѡ
һǴ򿪳ţűǣʹֹ꣬ϳ´Ӵ
ǴڽʿƴسǣŭѦɽĶʮؼ಻ʮգᱻǡ
Ȼѡ˵һ·
֮лҵοԼʿӲӳʱģǽڷ̨ϰγޣѪߡ

һ˧ڷ̨ɱĳ̫𺳣лμǵñȽһֲأᵱʱ˵Ļ
ؼл˼°ͣĵʱ˵
Ͷһ֮޹أ֪ʵǺġ
ֻҽᡭ
ϳ£Ϊңֽ˧ӡҵı£Ϊ塣Ҽ˲Ҳ֮£飬ֻл
ϣĿ֮£һԼͱˡ
ʵ˵ףЩ֥ùӵľˣǽսлѹ벻һ֮󣬱ϾԼлͻꡣ
ͷ­£Ѧɽʰ𣬱ҲԸ˳ǡ
˭뵽
֮󣬱ȴһվ磬ȻŵǣǺϳµ
½⣬лĪЩڸɣǰץһѣҪץŵʲô
ܿ죬лŵĻӦ⣬ץأˣ
ԣлãȻգգۣɫһ˲лȫȻغϡ
ҡңлл˵ʵлһֱͬ⽭ͶлѦɽѾǵǸӵһĳѦɽ±ڡ
ҲǡֻҪ˧ԸͶԸȥܷųаһ·ֻͺܲԾɽƫˡ
֮ȽлѦɽȱʮַŭ°뱱һս
սĽֺԣлˣԼЧҹϳ¾ʵоǿϳµ
ʮת˲ţҪסϳ£ãһϴͷ࣬һԶĥ˺ۡ
лǵã꣬лмֱ֮ͦͦȥģʼնûй¡
Ȼݺʷأǳսηˣ׽ͼлȴôҲ޷ȥֽʲôֻܷͣشǸˣɼ
⣬лʱﻹ߬Ǹ˴ϳµĺڵ׽졣
лҪ˵
Ӧĵڶ~

ǰɽɽأλλ·һޣһսһ˳


71 
Щȫ˵֮, лȻ뵽СŶܿô
̫ͻȻŻлŸĹ, סһ˲㶵ʲô
˵ܿôлظһ飬ھֻܿô
ŵ˵ͷ
ͷлʱ, ֿڴ, ֻܿ㡣
û˵, һɭɭϣűܲףͼԼϣſһƤⸯ, Ŀģͷ
ţ
ҺôҶǹҪǻˣ⡭ñ
СŶôȻûˣ
ûʲôޱذͷӼϱ˫ڻ, ƽصҼϣǱ, Ϊ
Ȼ, Ľܺϡ
, ò˵ʱ򣬷, ڻþʵͦ, ܰٱϳþ˵ı
˵Ĺ, ŻͷЦ, һ𣬷֨֨Ĺ
ˣһˡ˵
л
лȵȣڼϾˣΪʲôڻˣᣡ
·Ϊ˻ӦлŻͷſ죬һ}˵ĹЦ
ʲôջǷȥĲֻһͷһѵԴϣ
ŶŶԭл촽ЩΡ
ȻѾôĹлŵܰѽӣ
֮⣬лע⵽ʱڲ֪ͣˣͷ˵⹦ߵ̫ǰ䲻Ĺϣͺճһ
˵ͷ˵ôĻҹˡ
ôŪأл롣
ټһþȥｹݲʱҲͣ²ˣһ˵أһֱʱ϶ļȸС
ͺ񡭡
Ѿ˺ЩˣִþˣȴոһյĹһɿôҲ߳ȥһ
þˣһоͶģˣǼ䣬Ǳʲô
Σл룬ǰȥʣô
Ŵ
˵䣬л֣ڽͷ
ҺȻ뵽һ¡һûʱĵطܻ᱾ܱģлʧ˽ĿԶջأŵСŶ㿴ĴĽѦɽ
ͬǴͬʵǵĽþҸԻһЩҪ£ҪĶ
Ȼһڣлͬôھǽᡣ
ʱ䣬ڸսʱݵһԼһģһľҽôѾ˵Ľᡣ롣
лǵ껹ŵѦɽ
ʱôԼѦɽ֮󣬽ǲɢԹأÿնճյظѦɽߣ۳Է˯ҪԴѦɽļϣͣѦɽҾǰأ㿴𣿡

лͷŲ¶˵ԵʣŻͷ­Ȼ˻ҧأɫʹŤȴֻǿһЩڣڷŻҵĹȥ
䣬žһ£ۿĲɫ䵽ģת˲㻯Ϊ̳ͬʱҲԼôδ˿ѹֿɬޱشݸš
ǾµòҪ𸴵ķŭͲʡ

Ѧɽ˵ϳԶϳƽū
˵ϳµĽʿԶöϳµ
ʲô
ֻҪ죬˧ܱڰƽôƵ£˭˵Ҷţƫƫˡ
ѦɽѦɽҹʱѵͲ¼ԩô
Ѧɽǡ
ǺڵûȰûаֱɱˡ


Ǽ䣬׵ı˱糱ˮӿѷų˸ֲʶͷ­
ãȵЩڽŲŻ㱵̧ͷɫ񣬰ѽ᷽Ŵݸĸܣһһʮȫ˵л
ʱѦɽĻ㣬ΪʲôҪǡ˵е̸ģҲһֱŬˣΪʲô
˵˴ŶݵضסƬ̣ͷ
ΣŲ°䣬Ϊʲô
ܹŹ֣Ծｭʡ˲໰ֻϧлֲѦɽ˭ȥ
Ǹ⣬л˵ҲµлҲ֪Ϊʲô

Ϊʱش𲻳лתһתһֳŶʼĥ
ԵĲᣬҺ׽ΪʲôڶɽΪʲôǵʶɽİҪˡл˵
ΪյλÿȻĶɽϳµǣҲǽ֮ء
룬ᵱʵһֱûֻأҲûɷ
޽籾ͺɷû׼һֱεţ᲻뿪ֻܿô˺ܾúܾԺ󣬽ڻԵɺ֮£õл͵ߵԹһʱܲסֳ
Ϊĵ׾ѦɽҪΪѦɽˣŻԹʱ־ֲԼǸسǣǸùǣӦԼѦɽλС
ַ֮ͨѦɽ㿴㣬һسŵȻѾӦ˱аƽ㲻ʳԣ˧֮ǡ
һߣڰԼѦɽ֮ʱȴҲԼԼǸسǵġ
ΪسǷӱѦɽÿһתʱɽеİȫԼеıʱֽǵѦɽĲ¡
֤ݱǶɽǹӹַ磬ЩĽ졣
ַԼԼµģǲҪӱ
ѦɽĲ£ԼѦɽĴξгֻ
ڼʱÿ£Ǿ͸ˡ뵱꣬صǱµױд֮ãһڼ
ǸϳĶСɽ
Ҳýͣһ˵òͱ仯꽭ڼѦɽʱѦɽ곤ʮ꣬Լʮģ
ȻûѦɽʱģȻҲ޷Ѧɽתûгʱǰϳܵõ³ǰģܻجϳ
ȲᱻԹĥǲĽᣬʱ꣬ʵлԼҲеǲסѦɽʲôˣҪôڸռСɽʱ͸ðϳ
ôһȫȫβһۿȥûʲôصˣϹֶָĽɲͬת˶ΪÿһͬòֻٲɱسһЩŮһѱϳˡ
ǡǽִء
Ѱ˼ţһֻֽȸɵлǰʱβһЩӨɫĹ㡣
ԭǴյлǰĴţ˶СɽͶɽԵɣŸ
ŵֽȸֻˣʱص㣬˵һ룬ǵɽҲȥáл˳֣Լָϡ
һ̣СֽȸͱһѩֽĸС֡
Ըġ
л
˵ѦɽԸиƨãϸһѦɽΪɶԸѾŴӲдһֵëɶʱܸģ
лҪ˵
һ


72 Ը
, ŻͷȻ۽ĺѪ
ƵİͷӳȥͼǶƮƮл, ڿлһƯĻأճһŨ̹Ļ
Ҳ̣һźƵԹ
ͬʱԸлǰԳ, ӱл, ԭƽݵĻþ, ǵضɽҡ
¡¡
һŵ²ŵƬأȻѿһ졣
Ӳ
㶼䣬һִֻ׵ѷ, ·ͻȻż룬㱾ܳǰȥҪץסֻ֡
Ȼָ⼴ʱ, ȴֿͣ¡
Ϊŷֲֵֻˣʵڵ, ǻþ֮еһ
лʱ˼
лܿҲܹ, һץסֻ, ֵˣѷʹ˳
˸һ, ǽŵµѷ, ˲º£ˡ
ҲǸ, ĲǱ, ǶСɽ˵СɽƣȴȫͬġѦɽ

һʱ䣬Ŵӵص¸ġѦɽлͷŶе¡
ΪôǶСɽѦɽضó⡣
Ȳ˴أѰ˵ָҲ·˵ɽǰΪ˲£ǻѶСɽʱһŰ
ǳֵ֮ķһ鷲ˣôܽ⡭
ˣ
ٿأǺȻʲôƵģлɫŹֵؿš
Ŀ⸦һϣɫһл֧СŶϡ·ǼţЩס޽ķϺûһÿ춼óԷˮɡ
֮⣬ȻԭǺ⣬СɽϾôõľͷʮûûȣͱˡ
ڶСɽʬص£ͦڣ漣

δ䣬ŵɫҲűùŹʮְյü
ǡһϸԾӣû
һлֵģɾƫƫҲֶСɽֵĲʱͻӣѩϼ˪ʲô벻
ڿɺˣлòײŰѼƹȥСɽȴǰʱˣһ·Ѱ
Ҳ˵͸˵ʵԭоȣȴΪ
˼ˣѵöԶСɽ˵Ρβûά̫ãΪл˵ǶСɽ֮ΪʲôѦɽ۵ظʱûõֵزˣ
ԣסƬ̣һãȻҡҡͷ
˵Ĺ򣬡ѦɽѾɫЩ䱸ؿлͷš
ǶԷš
ô£ΪҪôң룺ǶСɽʱұȶл׽һ㡣
ȴ
ѦɽȻת̬ȣʵ벻ͨһ̧ۣͼл˼˳šѦɽߣĿԽңңȥ󣬺ȻСŶ⸱ӣܿı࣬ȴҵġ
ԣűܱͷĬ˿Լ
к޳ı࣬ô׾ͱģЩһ֮⣬뿴չʾС
ǡǡ
˼һȻתͷлĪѦɽϵɱ֮أ
ص׿ıࣿ
ԵҲͰˣ˵޳ôЩ֮꣬ܿˣѦɽҲܹ
˵ˣллƽʱฺƣҪ񡣾ֻ֮˲ܿлıһɱ֮ˣҲ޿ܿŵıࡣ
Ҫɱصʲôزأ
ȷҲûܿ
ǲ԰ѦɽıɻѶԸ͸ûɷ־ѵվлǰһ̶л̸
ͲͶ̥ˡ
ԴˣŸеܲţһ˼һ滺ߵлԣȴѦɽʼնζ󣬰ҲŲۡ
Ƭ̺󣬡ѦɽЦһ£һ˲жԳ૵̫ˣǡǺ޳޾ȡ
ţ
ףȻܿ
һ˲ۣĹһлָлҲ⡣
⡰ѦɽΪʲôܿ⡰Ѧɽڿ֮Ϊʲô¶Ȼ
Ȼô˵׵Ѧɽĸоη壬ȷʵȻ
ⲻûһ˻ȷԼǺ޳֮󣬻ܸеȻΪǺܿҪܷˣһЩģΣա
ǰѦɽô͡
˵䲻ģѦɽʱַӦʵеЩһڻƣŰ޳֪ԼǹԲҲֿܰȻֻЩڻ£Ѧɽȴڹ񡪡Ϊгһܿ
Ϊʵ̫ˣͷһζԳл֮ˣеظе
ͱλεĹϣޱܻ䣬Ѧɽ󣬶סһ˲һɡ
ôôʹеЩͬһҲѵϴô
Ѧɽü˵ʧңйٵȷô˵ѽӰݡˮбһһĸӣһȱҡҲȷʵй˵¼ľˡ
ÿֶһ飬Ī˸е¿졣
ΣǼûӦѦɽǰһ֣ʵôߵô
ţ
ŵһһ岽ͬʱݺקһл䣬Сʲôأ˵⵽ô£ǲǷˣ
ôţѦɽȻɱأ־ȴѣſɲ
ң֮ɫ޳񾹱һ˸Ƶñܺˣ⻰˵ȥ˭ţ
ȻһأлȴܷûܼʱӦ
ŵƬ̣лʼûʶתлȥȴлͷŵǾѯʣδš
лָ仹ŴڴţּķĦ£ŵ⡣
ãлǿ˿ţٿ˿ѦɽȻٵͷţ̧ͷѦɽ˷Ρ
ֱѦɽ÷ëˣлŴۣúܿ϶ʵѦɽ˵ʵϱŵЩɱȷʵԼô
ѦɽȻûϵлôʣ±סˣȥһ˫ȫڰգ˭Ҫô
ȻҪˡԣлȴһ̬ȣѦɽ˻ԼСֽϾ˵ڣּ˽ϹŰ壬ԸĬߺŵˣʵǧ
ȫˣѦɽ
֮ԻᷴͶڴˣʵΪ˱ЩգôϱҲ붼µİɡ
㡭ʵԼóЩˣһİϢɡ
лҪ˵
õQAQ
²ûҿÿдһµĽβͺܿء


73 
ʵ, лźͷŽЩʱԼҲĥ
µǴڴĻ, ѦɽϱԼѦɽԽᡢԶɽյ̬ȣ˵ѦɽڼͷźĹŹַӦƺһ˵, ܿܲǽۼô򵥡
ллʱ, Ѧɽʱ, ʵҪȽ
仰֮ʹʱǨлѾˣлԼлѦɽ, ԼǸʲôӡ
֮Ǹܺϳ°վˡ
˵ΪʲôѦɽѣȴַԽˣҪͱһս, ǴΪα
ϾѦɽԭʲô, ǻǶѾǵˡ
ܺʱε, Ŵӵ˵ĻҲѦɽ̸лĵ
ҰĲĵ, 浽˸ʱһССĽ˵㣿
лŻս
սս, лʵѦɽûƫ, ϾվѦɽĽǶ, ȷʵٷ½, ΪһŵĻʵЧҡ
˵ףǷǶԴô׾ܸǹ׶۵ģͷ
˼ˣлѴڵĻŵݵѦɽǰ˵˵ɣ㲻ҵ굽ô£Ҳøңô˵ڵġ
ԹԣǸɶӣظ˭֪ǾһéʯͷֳӲģйٱһ䣬˭ǰ
˵ֻҪ˵ڵķӽ󣬱ǰʱͷǰѽԸͬ۵Լˡ
ջʵ̫ˣлֻҪһԾԾԡ
˭ôǰܸСЬܺСŶĻкЩζСŶ첻˵
ԹѾ͵ˣԼлʱ£Ȼ棬дȴл롣
²أ㶨ҪҪպôվͷվСŶͷɾ̫ˡ
ôţл̲סٴߴһ䣬Щ˵ɣȽᷴӦԼɱˣǿɾˡ
һ󳤾õĳĬ
ΣҲ֪Ϊϳллھǰж·Ϊ׼˽ڣԷ֮Ѧɽлôֻ֮ʶ̾
ţлѦɽУԸ˵ǳսµĵ汾

ϸЩ£ôͷ
ǰѦɽִ˧ӡʱһϮУ뱱һλճµĽϧ˴ʮ͡
ֻϧҲûʲôã˸ΪһսϣʵûÿβƣҲʵͶԷȥ
ֻ˽£Ӫܻ̲סԼԵ˸̾һ䣬ֻ޴ûϳ£Ϊá
п¡
ʱֵµ۵ǻΪȻʺֶӣѦɽѾòؼңҲ̽Ȼʺ󣬵Ȼ˳±µȲҪǸˡ
׻˵ĺãһһȨֶȻ߬ԼȽϺá
֮£µ۸淢˴£Ѧɽ߾ȫλսɵƽ֣ɹΪ֮
ǸĪеǼ١
֮Ϊ£ѦɽµۼٻؾУֱ˱ȨΡ
û뵽ǰһȴǸս˻ϳ£İ
ôţѦɽڳ½ĸۡס꣬ڼ䲻۱ʵ۶գֲϹ˳ֱԼõѶϳ´
ϢĵѦɽ߬ȭͷǱˣ¼̱ܻϳ¡
ȱ˹󣬵ڶ죬ѦɽʱʵҪһϺõŮ죬ƲһᲱϻ¡
ºѦɽĥӦ˹˳Ӵ˳ΪĽΪĴս
ʵʼѦɽǺͱʵ̸ġ
Ҫڱԣδһ죬Ҫϳ£ţȴҲȥ˧
ϾϳĵطϳµСʵٻƣϳ°ȴ޴
ʵҲǴӦ˵ġ
Ǵ̵ôȽʵ˵˾ȱױӡ
ѦɽĶʵЩƣһԷӦˣľͷˣһű˺Щʤֱ̣ܱ߼Сˣֻʣϳˡ
ѦɽΪԼԹʱʥĵʵۺȻ˵Ѧ䣬˼ȥǾȥϳ£ΪʣϾоϻ˵úã֪֪ˣս
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ֻϳ¹˧ǸСһֵ/̳ģ˳ȥ򣬿ֵƽ׺ķѲʱͱ
Ѧ䣬Ϊףɷɱֹɱֹ꣬ҪǴˣģʵգ
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½˵ɽӡһֻ֪֪û˿Ȼ˱һ˵µñ±Ǹлġ
ԴˣѦɽÿɷ
ֻһ㣬ѦɽʵŸԼҲ޷ֱٵܣǾǵ˲գ۾ʱѾܿһЩԭĶˡ
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ϹŰ嶼Ӧ˵ġ
Σлûס̾ȻԼҲΪʲôҪ̾
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лƵμþ֮, ʱ¡ʱּʢ, ֮澰, ö֮, ʱûôˡ
ȵһжˣ˱ֱʩۺ, ֮, ȴֻ˾ۺַʮ֮, һĵ֮С
ǰ㴩ȥ, ÿߡ
лҼһִ˴Ǳ֪ʿ˽磬ͨˣȴ߽롣
һʮֵĽ磬ƣȴܸһƵĴ
Ϊǡǿǿġ
仰˵Ѱ˴˴͸оڵϰʩн˴Ե谭Ҵӹ۸˵ΪԽߣ谭Խǿ
谭ʵмޣֻܺƭߣЩһĵһβ֮УӦסʲôԸŵʿˣת뿪лͷģס
ȻлŪǰ״ȴǾý߹ȥûӲ
һĿǰΪֹֻˣˣǶΪ֮ʲô
ǶһûжĽ磬Ӳý֮ܵɣΣ
Ϊýĵʲôˣл̫޹
ϾҪ͵ҪܻĹء
ôţлװԱһƳɫЩˣŸȥǣ˷ŵ֡
طûߡȻҲͬĿԸ⻨߹ȥ
˱ǣ֣ϸȫѹαװͨ˵ģĬۺַߡ
һ·ϣлȻûջ﷢Щ£ȴ͵͵Լϸһ㣬˳ŷŵģһֱŵ
ôţһԲСʱǷܲˣɫһһлָεˣһֽ壬ôޣʵڲɻٵ
ԣл̾ҡҡͷŵҲôŪģ׵ġ
ĬĬ˶⡣
ֹƬֱ̣ϵоȫʧˣл֣ͣԼСָĹ˹ŵġ
лһ򰮸Сͼֲ֣ɫʼû仯ûƵģֻﵽô룬Ͳö֪ˡ
ʱǨǰۺûˣһֻŵСׯȡҲлҪƬ֡
Լǰڴ˵ػδ½ʱлȥǸСׯУǸһԴĵطӣֿɰҲ֪Ƿһɡ
ôţлµĲӣͲԾøЩ
ܿԡ
ôԷݲֱЩܿ⡣
ԣһֱûʲôķűЩȻڵιôоЩȫǻġ
էŴԣлܵסƬ̶̣Ȼ
˵⻰ʵûӵȻǻģȻͿˣлȴ֪⻰ֻ˼
ŵı˵㿴ЩӺȫǻģһ
˳ŷָķл̧ͷȥԼͷļƬҶĻζһչ塪ؼʵûз硣
ûһ˿紵£Ӷҡţ֪ǷлܾЩӺڿޡ
лֽĸоϸֱ棬ֹ־͹ڣеȻȴǵĻľɻľɵľ֡
ľϵ嵭ζﷴƮһЩ˲ײĵѪζ
ǣлᵽѪζ֮󣬾ʹȥǰһӡ

Ͳлðȥģ˵Ƥһ
һ̣лӦٿءͷԭֱͦε˷·һ㣬һ²סͷŵͷŷֱ𵹵
ţһɼŨζǻлȻеһ⡣
ƲɵרſлģƤ·ǧأҲ̧
۵ǰһ̣лģԼǱߺһ׹⣬ԼǷűǰЩ˵ĹŹӼŭˣⲻٹܲýǷˣֱӷŻ˰ɡ

ֹ֪˶ãлۣȴȵط֣Լۺַ
׼ȷ˵ǱһЩἫϸ˿߸ۺַ
ǸոѵԵʣлеһ۶۵ͷۡԼǱһİĴ룬ǵ
ָ⣬ף䣬ȫ¶˿һ͸ϸߣ濴ƴʵڻղϣҲϡ
ΧĹߺܺڣлЩ˿ߵǣ£ȵż⣬˫۴ŵվţŵײŵģǧǰһ̨̨Ͽű޸ĹķӡͲǾлꡣ
˵лƾ̨ϳԼںδģϲ̨ϵ
ңлʵ벻ΪʲôĪֱһ
ۺûôͱɴׯǫ̂Ǵڳģ
Ϊ벻ͨлȻЩ¡
ʵ˵ƺлϣΪһ첻µزµģҲ֪ôģЩ˿ţ˿ϱ䳹ǵĺ⣬ȻЩˡ
һƬ֮УлʹգգۣͼĵֲģĿ־ѹȥ
ûзŵӰӦ˵ŵһϢûУĻš
Σлָϸ΢лСĴָϵǸ˿ߣٿһ¡
һ㼫ǳıɫâСĴָһȻ˳Ǹ˿ߣѸٵߵһˡ
ٶ˿
ǺȻ뵽ʲôлЪϢƬ̣˿оҵǲϵ˿߾ͶǰȻյ˺֡
Ȼл㿴ˡԭش޴ֻһɵţһźܶŹͼİԲ񷶥
Щ˿ߣǱ˴˽һ·쵽ʮǶڵСԲС
ȻԼһóܵĿʦᱻ˲ľżһֶãٿأ⴫һĽŲ
ǽŲԶͣǰգűһֻ԰ƯƵð뿪
лѭȥһݣϴߣ޷ϱŮĹ߽ֱһߣһ滹ҪʱʱĻͷ
˸еԾǣЮŵɭȻǧѹҪлǰÿһ˶ǿʤǰĵһ֮ع
лҪ˵
һ


78 ѹ
ϵҲƵ, ͨӨף˿ǳɫӳţ֮С
ߵý, лŷ֣ԭ߱沢⻬ǲϸǳ·žĳֹϵķһ㡣
Ϊ棬лôһ˲ֲξʵ˶촽, ˾˭, ǵ, ȴ
䣬ÿ뷢ʱһԴЩĺƾֳĺ, ĥͽĺ
ԭԶһԴ֮һҲˡ
䣬л, ˹Ƶת˲ǰ̧, Щ˿ߡ
˵Ҳ, Щ˿, ˿ȴ·Ϊ崥һ졣
лת, ǰƵָƮƮһ˿, Ȼʩѹ¡
һ, ѻ֮ʹȻϮ, лڼʹ֮£¶ݶһȨһм
ƺһȫû뵽лᶯ
֮лȥϵʱóˡ
ˤ˲䣬˱ƵԲȫٳ£һ԰׵͸ıǼ⡣
ûߣæֻ̧ϧ첻Ըգۼ䣬СĴָָ⿪ʼϵƤۿɼٶȥ
ǿѹŵļƺ̻߱ظУƬ̺͵תһץл˳ûͷƵήȥ
ʶУл˫ԲȻ˵٣ȴƤ
ҲǴһʼûƤ⣬Ϊл˵ָƶṴ˿ʱ°ϵһ⣬Ҳȥˡ
֮󣬻ʹͱֻмۡ

ллѣ
ϤԶлãȻÿƤͼŴ˿ץʹҡΣȻΣңȴأָҪ۽ϵ
ůͣŵζѪζ
Ϊַ·Ǳ˺ѵʹ̫尾áãлȴһ˼㱵״̬У֪ʲôӦ
ҪݵĻл룺ָоԼЩ󣬻˲λ񲻼õ״̬
ֱżûӦѾڿҪҪˣлų³һǿ
ԭʱƬۺַ
ֻǲ֪䣬ǰѾ֣˺ӲҲٺץˡ
лɵؿţԷӦ͵ǻþ
ҸոڱǶ֮˳ַ˰ѻȻͷˡ˵֮󣬱ܹ㣬Ϊ㲻Ҿȣһ̧ͷ㾹Ȼιȥˡ
Ҿ͸ɴŻþմˡ
л
Ǻܼ򵥴ֱ
Σл̧ѹѹһԼɤʵȷ㷽ſģιȥô
ŵͷü漴һ֣ŷʣ˵⻰Ǻ⣿ѵûô
ԣлشһ¡
ΡˣܿܲǼ򵥵Ρ
Ƭ̺лԥԼżĹ컭ȫ˵ˣĩ˶һᣬֵµҵϣԼոֻͨˡ
ΪֻˣɽȫһجΣûþǹǵĹŹζȥ
ʵΣڻԵɺ֮£ıȳ뵽һ
л뵽⣬æ̧ȥţڶԷϵõһ϶δȴԷҲǰһ˼ģ
ŵôһ˵ҵȻˡתʱʵһ¡
ǻ¸ֽס
֮ոôƬ̣лʵıĳ˻ǣֻǲ֪ιʣְĻǸŻˡ
ԽԽףлһ´ӵվ첽ߡ
ۺҵűסˡлѸٵصȥۺǿϼ̨ҵǸ棬ûš
û㲻ػͷȥ
һͷٿأлеӰӷӹȥ
лѷŸϿ㿪Ȼգۼ䣬ǺӰѾƹţͳΪٶ̫죬£Ķ񱻷ƿ¶ǰҵһǰָ
Ǹûĺۣ
龰лȱӿ죬ں۵ı֮˺Ҫءں۾֮ʱعһ硣
ţϤǿѹ纣ˮ˷ӿлֻģģһ¡̧ʱѾˡ
һж˲Ϣ֮䣬쵽˱治ǵǴʲô򴫹ġ
ǵлվЩȥѰʱȴԷȻµظ·ոʲôûз
һʱ䣬лɲؿ˷һۣȴԷʵʲôأ˵Ҫȥôôֲˣ
ʲôû
Դˣлеܲ˼飬һѳסŵ֣Ҫ̽Լ񿴵һУǼ١
ָ䣬һֽ˵ƤҲʱϨлǹɻ
ġ
㶼ˡ
棬ͷ
վ֮Ул촽ʶ߬˷ŵ֣·ֻҪԼһſűֻʧ
СŶҡ
ҸոֿһЩûĶ
ΣлĻϵľۣʹۡ
ϸһ룬ո£һʱŶǸΪȻûǹ˵ȴϵѹ
ǵط·Ҫһж촷۵Ӵѹʵ
䣬һӦѵǵǱסˣ
ô˵лҡͷ
ҡͷ˼ȴǡǡǡ֪
Ҳ֪ˡл˵
ѹָǵƵ˱֮⣬ܻбˡ
ǡ
ʲô
ҼƹܵλҲǷ䴫еޡ
ãлű߻߽͵λʮֺÿǸɣϴӲߣҲûر仹һ佣
ڴ֮УָʹǸˣȴ彣
ظ˭֪Щ˵Ķ˵ǾֵģϲŵĻ
Ϊһ֣㲻ʱܱ֤䲻𻵡
Ǳ˼壬˵ĵڶĪˣ˾Ҳ١
Ψһľֻзţʵûʲôֻһֹµƻ档ƽʱ߳ʹõǸǰҲǱּƵġ
ӦǰѽҼء
ãлüҸոտǸˡýϵǸߡ
Ϊһɨ䣬ЯŵѹȻࡣ
ҡ
˵һôãû˵˭ڱ֮󣬲ûлɢֻһʹģҾӦλ
ûǹ䱾ٵĿԣǾҲ
仰˵Ҫɱôֻһֽϣ𣬶Ļᡣ
˵һعǰҲ˵λȻˣȴȻıҪٴδ򿪹Źء
Gˣôˣûȴûܣλڱȥ£ʲô͵ƫŷӣ˶ƭΪܵ˱ĳͷǱٵأ
лҪ˵

ߺ߲һűǵĵ׺ӪҺֻŬˣ


79 Ů
ʵ, ûˣȴΪĳֲΪ֪طƭ
˵ͦƭİ, ҲǾ޿ܰ
˵ƭ찡ҲɹȻǴģ
뵽⣬ű㼴̵촫ŻصһǱ߷ȥ, һڵǸ, ʵλ
ϢĽ, ͵ȴһк֮ǣ򣬲ͷôŬҲûá
, ȻҲл֣֮صͷҰɡϱһȥš
ۼŷŵ洫ȥˣлһԷ
Ϊл֪ųڵظ, ȺֵԵʣֻ֪ӵعߵý, ֮䶨а
˵, ֻҪǷðдһ, ;ˣҲûʲô

, ǰ߱ۺַˡŷǵ, һ·϶ߵ, üչ, Ǿ˱ʵлˣЦңƭڶſġ
СŶǸô
ٽʱлһĴŷŵָ⣬һЦ˵ϼ̨ˣ۰Ϊˡ
˵˵žЦ·ղűڼ̨۵ȥǸˣһ
ǺԣѾĥгˣٳһס
ԣԽԽ䡣
󣬷һ˲̧ͷݺݹһۣ΢¡
ͷŵĬ̶ȣ֪˵ܲܶԼϵģ
ǲ֪ΪΣĻߣȴֱƲ˻ȥ
գ˵㾱ŵߣˡ
䣬лܱӣ̶뵽Īߣˡ
ǰΪʲôУ룬Լǲڣס˿ߡ
ҲգһжѰ˵

л㲻ٶԣ뷶ٸϻۺַ֪ǰŸۺַķΧžɵˡ
ǰûʲôİĴ΢ߵĽûС
ոջǱгȥʱۿɭͬͰǰһֻһֵСׯ
ѻͣݺύС
ųͷʲĻһˮһЩθ·ʯϣЦ̸л
Զ˿Щ˼˴̣
Ϊֽò볣졣лͷˮһСϣʱ󿴿ʱҿôôԡ
԰أãл̲ס
лɻͬʱҲĴţԱɵӦˣ
ǲͱ͵ˣǸϼ̨Ҳǡü˼ţǴ˿ȫ
Űѻ˵ί񣬵лһ˲ˡ
µ񣬷˼һ·ر˵Ŀԡ
ôأ
֪ŵۺеһЩ֪٣лԥƬ̣ɫŹֵҡͷܵģĶܱߣֻǸϼ̨Ȼܱڳؼգȴܱߡ
ΪǸϼֱ̨ͨصףŹŹأǵ걻ѹĹؼһֻۣǧȥˣ粻ֱ˶ˡ
֮Ǹϼ̨û취ߣҲû취ٵŹͿˡ
СŶ̨֪滭ӡ󣬽Ź֮õü᲻ɴݣԱʱעţ͸ȥȥ
ֱܶ˯ڼ̨ˣٹλ滭ŵЩӡҲ˳ȫϡ仰˵ʵ߶˵İӡϼ̨һŹŹءڼ䣬ҳˣǼ̨ˣŹضҪЩǵȫû˵ʱ򣬹Źؾ͡
˵һ룬Ȼֹ
԰ɲôл룺Ҫ´򿪹Źأ͵跨ݻټ̨ûٵϵЩӡ
̨ôһ滹֮ͺѻ١ʣΨһߵ·ɲֻ鷳ˣ
İʹĻܣȥһЩ£ΪԹʴ˿񣬽ʱֱӽ
Թԣɻڼ̨أ
ʣ֮ļ̨׸ô
𰸵Ȼ취ֱ
ֻһףܽͼ̨һȥ·Ҳ³֮󣬲Źػᱻ´򿪣ҲֻȥһʹĿˡ
⡭⻹ǸֺݶȫĺüƲߡ
ûɵģлоԼЩ̧䣬΢
ιʲô𣿡ʵ
ΣлʻЩпͷǰҺеͨˡ
ǰڵһʱع˵ʧⷨؿŹأĨȥ޲©ˣһ⡣ǵǸɵӣ֮ƶǶ֪֮⣬һ̨
ʱҾ밡м̨ڣҽȡʧˣŹҲڶʱڱ״򿪣ѿ졣˵ˣʱ뿪ţ͵úķѺܴû׼ɢˣҲǲһ㡣

ڼ̨һأҪɱңװҺͼ̨һ鶼أ
һɲѴ֮´򿪹ŹأԸͨ硣
Ҳ˵ҵһͱڼ̨ϣڱ𴦡
ΪҪӭӲ֪ʱŻήµףҲŲá
һ˲ȫˣлͷˣҰɡ
԰ձͷȥɻضԼ¡
ûǴĻǼ̨͸ñڴ˴ôûˣ
أлһһ˺üǸղȵʲô
ţ
ٿתͼлűţɫܳ˾
л˼ȵʺˡ
ţ

ۼŰַˣлһӶذЬײɾĬΣȻ̧һ·ŵļ򣬴ſԶĴ̡
뵽ˡл˵Ǽ̨ˣǸͻûĴӻþ߳
߽ƬǾ˳˻þ֮С
˰ѻʱаȻΪԼǴӻþˣʵûС
֮⣬ǰǸֵ֣ǰСׯʵǼٵģǲڵġ
뿴ģ͵ȴӼٵ߳ȥ
˼ˣлʶ󣬽ε졣
ĻӦôȥأ
ĥţǰߺȻһеӰֹͷȫ˽ȥǵȻͷ
ԭʮͣСͷ޻Ů
գ۵ĹлȥȻܹŮСԲ߻ЩûȥӤʣһЦ¶żСʮֿɰ
һԲͬʱֺܰСͲ϶İ׾ԲӲ䡣
š
οɰŮܵлԣСʣǴӴô
ʵٳһŵģۼֿض˹ȥûбš
Ǿ仰ڷֲǰС٣ʵڲ
СﱾΪûŷӣίͰ͵ر죬СֹʲôѽֻһʰˣΪʲôҪġ
Ѿþòҽǣ
л
ţ
űתͷл˵˵öԣȷʵڻþ
ʣʾǾ顣
˵ʵŻԥлĲ²⽫ŽţСһ֣˲ȫˡ
ǻþʲôĸСһ¿;˵ҽǣ
š
С˵һ顪
ѾþòҽųԵģ
ǲǾȫͨ˳ˣ
һʱ䣬ллſ˿ڣ˵طˣǲ
ǵĻ͸Ͽˡ
һʣһСѾͷǱʹɫָѾһЩǵĻ硣
ɽҰģǵĻҲȻʲôơ
ҲǼƽǿҼè𣿡

ʲʲô⣿ʲôè
лҪ˵
¡


80 è
Сʵ, һ˫Ĵ۾գգģлˡ
ԭСʲôϢؼõɽҰ֣Ҫ¶, ȴû뵽ԶܹȻΪè
ʲôèô
Ϊȣлķųʶϸ̽СϢ, ĩ˷Ȼˡ
ֻһͨͨ, еС, ûһа
ôһ˲䣬лȻһֹŹֵĵС
ָо֣֪ԼĵطԾȴû֤ݡ
Ƭ̺, лۣԷҡҡͷ
ׯȫˣûʶƬƬɨ˵ҵþ, һ쳣ûС
û쳣ô죿û쳣ôȥ, ܲׯס, һһԴ¾ðɣ
, ˣȻû, ⲻǻֻèأ
˼, лԥ, Ŵô
ųĬһ
Ƭ̺, ӦȰèԾ
ҲǸ˵ˣȴΪĳԭ򣬱֪޾εʱ϶ƫƫԼֶԴ˺֪顣
һû£è¡
лȻͷһӣ˼ǰС壬˵аǧǧЩܸڰèϣƭΪõģҲ档
뵽ҪлӦС˳ָķһ·Ӵ嶫ҵ깶ûзŹͬʱ߶˺ܶԼ¡

ԭСѿǴһλũŮʮ꣬˵֮⣬һĵܵܡ
׵ǺܵǺ׵ģǿ鱦ûŮӣֻܵŲݣµİܶ
ֻѩ׵Сèš
Сѿ˵èǰӺӱ߼ģʱ˼ģҶԲȻֻèﶼðˣ˷ĥɱè
ּĵĵطģʲôèţ򰡣ӣƤݸܱ˵˵ʳҪǸص㣬Ӷʳ˳£Ҳз
ʵеĵСѿҲ֪ôģ쿴СèǽǣصĽȻЩ̡
Լֻèݹ꣬ﲻӡ
СèñԵ
õﲻע⣬һѱСèܳţ˺ԶԶ·һֱܽɽֽŶĥˣǿժССĹӣŸһؼȥ
ٻؼǰСèץסͰɽɣȥΪôȱ˰Ƥǿ
֮ͺܺðˣ˼ңȻ˰һٴ򣬵ּؼӣǸ޶Ѿе޲׵úһء
ٺ˵мʳ;˵أ˵ز״𺳵ԴһȣĸԸľ͵شǰǸѵĶ졣
ĩʱٽϦ˳ѩȫڵŴֻİ࣬ưοط߶ţүӣѩ׷꣬үӣѩ׷ꡣ
ڶȻǷ꣬Ӵ˷˳ûֹ֡
ֻɽèʱһ󣬾漣Ļһɽ߲ˡ
ڸʱ򣬼ֻèʲô¡Ҹϲߣ˼ȥԼСèҲͦԵǱˣ˵һֱڣÿץץʲôġ
ͦء
˭һСèȻʧˣﶼҲ

ʹǶ˵ûԼҲػصҹܶ飬Ҳ
С·ϸխı˴˽ţлಽСѿСԹ
֣С״Ӳ뿪̫Զģȥˣ
˵˵žͺȦҲ΢΢ǿ켱ˣлֵһͷƵƵԵķʹɫô壿𣿷Ҳᡣ
״һ顣
ǡۺַĪһЩ
Ʃ統Ǹͯʱлô
ÿ춼е١ƷԲ˵иָϡŹֵ˯ǰ£Լֽȸֽޡ
һΣһСľΪûаʱ˯ж˿顱˯ǰſˣô岻ãǸҲûãֵҹлԾֱӺ¹¶ſޣ˭޵
Ц¶ްһµĿ޵ù
¹֮¿һᣬûˡΪæźȥˣһûܺá֮³ͷۣӴѧж᲻ᵯ
лô壬Ҳ֪
ܲܺл˵һҲſޣÿ޵ñ㡣
š
ôţĬĬŲۡ
һߣлŵͷʱյüСѿΪģСѾųһԲ·𼴿̱ᳶɤһ
лʶס䣬ȴСѿֻͳҭ£һϲЦտлԹ϶һָ
СףԭأҺңСѿЦеغ
һɤӵںޣģܹܰһĵز䣬лһ£̧ͷȥͼԼͷļ֦ϣһֻѩ׵СèƶƵġ
ΪŹ⣬էһۿУлӣ̧ڶǰϸ˿ֻ֦ϵСè
ͨ崿ףûһ˿ɫСèβϵëȥֻСƵģһɫԧۣ۱̣ˮ˿ضȫëըˣ·ٴС
лʲôѵǴ˵еèӹ
ǡôһŷεǲȵʺСèҲ˦ɫˡ
Աţлְè֦ϱԣĬõķȴȻһǰһѱСè
һ̣лֻۣСè˷ŻǰצŷŵǰԴһĲ˲䷶ŵ
л
ӭл𾪵Ŀ⣬СѻСèСѿĿСѿ߸˵뿪£Ӷл㿴èǼٵģʵˣè
Ϊȴû
ô˵лתͷңңСѿ뿪ķ
Ϧ£ӰСѿСܣֻСè͹Թϣشźࡣ
ܿ˷磬˳ŷлСѿ͵ͺ߳һ֧С
һֻȸʯӴ䣬첻顣
Ľȸůп޷ݣֻÿ۴ʡ
һȶһ괺һ괺
ǰ漸仹ã󼸾ȫ΢ˡ
Σл˶٣ŷſ첽ȥ߱ߣߣȥ
޽Щ־ֻûư׺Ĺû
˭˵þ˾һаء
лҪ˵
ܰԲı£ϸ˼ֵı¡


81 
Сѿļڴׯ, Ǽɺܺõשȥӹúܸ㡣
СѿصҵʱѾˡлվһҪ˺ϱܱסĴ, Ĭ۲СѿСѿһ·ֻè
žվߣüܵԷЯŵǹӺ⡣
֮ˣܻܵ, Ѿ˺ܾ, ɷ, ¸Ǳȱ䡣
ҵĿ϶лȻ뵽ܶǰûкͷŻǰҲô䡣
ʱ, ƺܻ᱾ȥһЩԼů͵ĶȻʱܻһ룬һ۾˼ʲô, ±㲻֪Ųˡ
Ǻʵأƺ, лЩü
лû, Ҳû᲻֪ʲôķ, ֻĻסŵŻԼ, źۼ˵ȥ
Ǳ, СѿѾߵſ, ̧š
ˡˡˡ
, һխ°͵ܹţЦǺǵذСѿӭ
ʵ˵ʵ˸һ¶棬лһ㶡
ΪӰ׾òᣬ˵Ǹֵأܷ紵ɹũ򣬵˵Ǹʫˡ
ţķ˵СĵͰܣôġ
ԣлһ¡ͷͼۣǸʶ̽Сѿ
һ˵һܻЩ񡣡˵Сѿҿ֣ǡǿȴǸ̼򡣡
Ҫ˵СѿﳤòӦģΪʲôСѿҲ񡣡
СѿǵܵһССͷԼҲ񡣡
ô˵ء
񼸸һ˵ˣȴӲճһң˴ȫ¶ؽְš
ҡǵΪСѿ˵ЩҲԲϡ
ΪСѿ˵ԭöܲãԷҲƽʱʲôöȫȽܵܡʵȴǡ
Сѿֻһ㣬㼱ϴԼıŮˡ
ǸҲ㷣꺮ůһᡣ
˵Ե׵ܾȻ˷ûаѹĹͷȫȵ
ãлԼҲۣʶȫ
лתͷ˷һۣ뿪˵ʲôȴȵˡ
л
ʲôˣ
лΣֱЩӲϷŵĻͷܿż˵ˣʵ䣬ȻôңҺȡ
⻰лһź֪طӦ
ԭڷųʶ̽Сѿһʱŷֻ֣ʶһ˿ᱻŷ
Ϣһ£ϱץСһεУлǼ⣬װ쿴ؿĬĬͣ͡
û֣§ŷŵ
ôţ˶ĬȻƬ̡
ջǷȿڣһΪԼĲ䣬ֻģ
лҲû룬㷴ҲûֻڴĹ´ס
ţ
ˣٿھЩɫ󣬡Ϊûб
˽֪ľñֱߴס´ףǿڹĿ־ˡ
ֻһᣬûл˵ԣॾһ䣬ʲô˲û׼ҲúҲҪһǱ
䣬Ŷʱûˡ
žͿŰñ滹ˬһ
л
лȻҪ塣
Ȼ֪ŪãʵֻԼÿÿϷţȴеĪζ
СŶҲǡΣлſڣȴĲͷسԴϡ
˵ҺһЩͲᷢ£ȿè
˵ͬʱ̧һָСѿſڡ
лȻļʱ죬˳ŷָķתͷȥ
ԭ֪ʲôʱСѿһѾϢˣʣһֻ˫ںڰзŹؾСèϢӿһ졣
һ̣ССİɫӰӱڳһԺϣըëҿ˿ȷʱע⵽֮󣬿ʼӶܡ
⡣
ûԥлæŷŸȥ
һ·ϣֻСèͣЪü˼ҵĲԣͨСèܵø죬ҲΣɱ׷»Ĳһ׷ϡ
׷ͨˣ׷ϣ׷ŵͬʱ˳л
嶫ͷ֣СèȻܡл˼䣬βȻƳһԣɵü
ǰҾˣǼ£ջļôл˵
Ҷֵ²̫浽ջļڣɽ髡һô
Ȼʵֹɽ髣Ĺҩġ
ͺˡΪлԷũʱһϲͨ֫ڣȲ֣ôЩ߲ͬһʱڳ졣
⻹У룬þĴڣΪСѿǰȹֻСèڱǡ
ΪʲôСѿգ۰£÷·ͷС
οСèֻǵ뱨СѿһЩǮʳˣҪŪôһþ
ǡ
ļģлȻðһϸ˼ֵͷ
һЩòþǿסһԴһطɣƩ硭ƩӣʵûܴӵǳͦѸˡ
ֻһȴ޷ʹΪλôˣСѿΪζԴ˺޲
ţǰСèȻ͵ԱһԾ֮Уȥٶȱøˡ
лٵͷ뷶Ŷһۣ˫˫ϢСĵظȥ
СƺѾǵϢͼ˦ǡ
ãлӸСèһȦһȦԸʹ˸
ϵèվˡʱ˿̣СèΪԼİѸ˦ˣλԴתߣﶵȦӡ
˵Ҳ棬СèԽߣͱԽ͸ͣһǰʱٿʧˡ
ţȻ˷лǰһȦȦˮС
ҲǸɣСèͣµĵطƺǰͷźȻѵǿǰ档
һתУл̧ķУʵغ
ԭѪ
ԱߣһǱѪˮݹɫһ㲻ױ˲
Ϊ棬лĨһѣְ˷ϹȻմһ㵭ζ⻹񵽼ɫİ͸ë
ֻСèѪ
ˡΣлԼָǼèë²ΪˣԲŲһȥСѿ
лҪ˵
һ


82 ԨԴ
ѵΪ, Բ֧ٽþ֧þеĸ, ߼Ǣ
Ʃ緽ڲпͬһʱڳֵĹߡ
Σлվ̧ͷϿ
ʲôҲûУûҲûè, ֻһ䱻õ, ¶˵ɫļ⹳
, ޡ
ԣڿޡ
ҹУлԲ˳ŷϸƬ, ֻУƻһЩġ
϶ģеСҹ䣬ҲеЪ˹èС
ȻҲ, ֱ׵ʣҪȥ𣿡
ʾ䣬ȴƽ, βƮƮ, һֻѾ, дšȥ
лô, ȻǸš
лԼҲȥ
Ҳ֪Ǵô, вܴһ, ҹﾹø, ·ԶҲ߲ͷ
ֻÿһøЩ
һ·ϣΧ̫ˣֺڣ÷뵽Щ̫õĻ䣬Ʃں׵Ǹס
֮ķţĵڣлл
ʵм»û㡣˵
ԣлüġ
ȴֺȻĬˣšüһ֪ݵģ
лֻĵصţûдߴ١
Ϊʵ벻Ͼʲô飬÷Ŷоݡ
һСľͷˣ͸ʲô˵ʲôôơ
ôţл뷶Ųż磬һ·ŵļ򣬡ҡ
˼˵ɣʲôʱ˵ʲôʱ˵˵پ˵٣Ƿ˵Ļǲ˵ģֻ֮Ҫ˵ǾͿ˵
޵ĹãƬ̺󣬷ٿڣֻһ仰ͳɹлԭء
ʣιҴǰǸľô
һлֹľˣľˡ
Ϊж֣Ϊ˭ʳΨӷԼʳʵڹ졣
Ϊֲ׷ΪκȻôʣлȻƬ̣׷ȥطʵ˺˵ʲô𣿡
ҡҡͷŲδͣԽԽ졣
Ǳ˸˵ģԼġ˵Ҳ֪ô˵ҲֲЩǼ䣬Ρǡҽ쿴ģʵһЩ£ôҵһμĵص㣬Ͳۺ
л˵
ǲӦҪ治֪ӦôӦˡ
Ϊ·⣬ѾԳ֪Χ
{ϫ),Ŷ룺ľܣʲô
ң뵱꣬Ϊ췶ţʵʵڵķѾ˼ˡǻѡģ̣ǺϰϤĽ̵Щһ׮׮һľ£ļ淢ģ
粽룬ۿľˣڷžȻ˵ǵĵһʵۺ
ĵ
ãȻţԣȴڼ͵Ҳ˵ֻΰɣȻһεġ
ô˵ء
ڽ죬ҶǻᣬڷŻ֮ǰԼᵽһζٺҺǱζѬûƬ̣ڰΰѼ䣬ʵؿһЩ档
֮˵壬Լ
˵ţһ߬סл֣ۣԼпһУؽл
ǣлŷŵ۾ҲһЩ±ڹȥƻõĶ

ںܶǰۺδδʽʼ֮ǰΪʱķֻǷ䣬޽硣
ЩԼɾĹȥȻһԹߣһǷ˪Сϡ
Сľͷһˮ
ˮʵǺѴǱ˵˿ⲼԱڸסˮ淢һС
лűܣǵˮ
ˮ֮Ǵսʱսң·ϣȥսƴɱʤʮʬѳСɽ꣬ԭѸɺԵѪձֽʪڷ׵ʬԻһɫϸ
һƬУлƹʬɽǰߣȻƼһʯ£ɪɪСͯ
Сͯȫų쾾һԸһЩһ԰һЩٶڴб쳣ģһɢ
ߵýˣл˳ƶǰȥҪСͯȴûɹ
۾ȻͲˣʲôΨһŲСͯϣȫˡ
ǣȻлȴܿСͯڸʲôǾȻڼϸؼŵϵʬ
һһһһ㣬Ӵųɫؼ׵Ľٵǰֻһ鱡׵ͨʿСͯôײײһ·ǰţżҪٿڳһЩѪģĶ֫ÿڳһ̾һ
ιڵ𣿡Σ԰һЩСͯеܲޱ߼ʵѰңɥؿʵ
߸СͯҡҡͷʬĶͣûУأ
ҲûҵҲˣ˵ô̾ͻؼҵġ
Ұɣ˵ʬƲȫȥ˾ͻͶ̥ġ
ڲѽ̫ˣЩˣϲˡ

ԣ߸Сͯ˵ˣĥĥŲСͯԣ𰫸С֣ͯ氫Сͯ˴ͱ÷ָ⡣
ΪʱھСָͯĥˣָҲȫˮϸմһҲ岻ɾŨѪ
ЪټǰߣСͯţֱʬɽȽѪˮ۶ɵС˳źķ򣬲άһ·ǰֱһɡİסȥ·
СͯСԸһЩǸͷҲûлȸߣ޷ˮĸ£ͷ·֮˵ĳ࣬лԡ
лһò忡ӣǸ彣ұǸɡǷȴЩࡣ
ҳлҲϵãǱˣǵһ͵Ƶˡɡǵһ彣ǵ
һǰ֮˳࣬лֻԼԴݺըһ£꣬彣һСͯԴϵĳ쾾
ҲڷԼ𣿡ã彣Цº͵ʡ
ѽѽҵСͯıشǶӦԼİҪؼҡ
֪Ƿлܾ彣СͯĻɫһ˲Ȼ
Ƭ̺彣˴ӳɡнɡСͯͷɡݵСͯĻ
ѪһֱߣŵľͷһʯͷСţţҵǵİˡ彣ЦźСͯҸСͷˣǱߵǹȥء
԰ձҪת뿪ǰȴǸɡ˳˳
ʦ֣ɡɡüƳű彣ͳȥǱɡͬ
Դˣ彣ȴֵúܲΪ⣬ֻЦҡͷֵ޷͸ǰɣ㿴ôССֻݶѱģˣ֧ɡ¸͹Сʯš
һɫɡſͷʱһܰ;֮·¡һƬ·𱻴ˢɫĻУɡлСͯ뻮һɡ֮𽥱
Ȼ
ͬͷЩ
лҪ˵
Һãץλ²ѧ
ǽһ~
ΪлС֮ԨԴ׷׾ֹۺ𣿺ٺ٣ǾԲܹ


83 ˵
䵽˱Ȼֹ, лۣϷ˫ԴãȻӡ
ŵôС޾ңľܱɵ, Ҳǰ
ľܣ꽻ӵҹԼһʱĻ档
½ⲻͨ˳
лڿǸսָ, ȻһЩܾǰĴ

л, лߵʱ, Լʮʱλ뻨׵ĳϸʵϣԭûֻء
ںܶܶǰõһ˷, ոּ⣬ܷɣڷֽ֮ɶֱƹܷʱ, ﶬ
ʱ򣬷ֻǷ, Ȳ޽, Ҳ, ҲǵظһССʯš
˵һɲ֪ʯ, ͺ֮, ͷ, ͷ󶼻ῴ, һ߹ȥԸȥһֻء˶ֻ˳ţɵʩ
вźģвٶġ
һЩʱ֮󣬻ƾűŶţԾȥһ׻˵úãûйأɷԲĹ˶ˣͳˡ
ΪЩ֮УЩ᲻ɴͲġ
ǣЩ˵ĻǱӴ˱ڷ磬ҹε
ЩУֻһЩ˵ˡ¸ԼԡǸǲˣȴֻڷĥȥǼȲţ޷¸Լ͸˥ϵǺͻŵ˹ͬͬһ֮䣬ȴԶ޷Ǹ֪
ǾֻվԱߣԶԶؿš
Ӹļˣɷ»ź۲֣һ;ʢʢת˥ͥս䣬׺ɣ
ԽãźҲԽ࣬ԽԸš
֮һЩ֮ڴ󣬻ͼ˵Լ֮ʣۼŵ澰
ǻ˵ţ̸Ŀͣǵǣǻ˵ֻҪֲţһоͶתȦء
ԣôţԸŵ˱ԽԽ࣬ڷĹ»ҰҲԽԽࡪıȻ˻ࡣ
˭ף¶ýˣƽ⣬һˣ˾ˡ
˶ĵطأ¶ˡ
ԣЩܻһЩĪļģߺսңֵû˼ȺȺĺ
Ȼ󣬺֮˵ź˸࣬ǲĹţַ֮Ū´ҡ
˵ֵҲͿ޳ɵˣһͬɵĻᣬ֮£һն֮һŹ
֮˱Ƶ֮䣬Ϊܶ·Ļָ·ֱǺЩ갾ȥæԽԽ࣬ܵظҲɶʮĹ㱻ʽϵֻأˡ
СţҲ˳±˴еκţֻ̫ǰ޿κΡ

ΪǰδִţոոлǸΡǡöܺЩմţлڿ֮󣬺ּ⼸û֪ɽҰһʱ䣬лڸп֮ ̲סȫŽˡ
֮лѧǸ߸Сͯģ˫ŵıָ⣬ͷ˴
ǰֻǸҽģΪ͵ʱ޽ŵĺֹܶ¶Զл˵Լ˹˵ظֵظеĸãʵǺǸźܲӽѰĹֻ
㿴ǵظй٣ţͷ棬žл꣬ʮƵһعʮתȥһҲһ٣һƽʱ˾ְҲڰɡ
ǸУظȴֻ
һΪһΪֱκͷڵظǶʦֵƹܣҲлͨſɡع
˵ʱ򣬵ظûʲôģݵǺ˶ˣΪ˰øйأŴӷѧıӡ
⻹У˵ظʵ壬ÿɡˡ⡱פ彣ˡ١פ
ںΪʲôʮǱ޴ӵ֪ˡ
ڡظ﾿Ƿ紫˵ֻû˸ҴƱ
Ϊûأû֤Ҳûڹĺۼ

ãлԼ˵£ȫһֲ͸©лˣҲѲ֪
˵
ŵԽԽˣлһǰţһԷѹ쿴ȫģȷʵۺ֮ǰԨԴ
һعǳɡˡ⡯彣ˡ١Ļ
ô뵱꣬ɻһնɲǻɹŹء
У벻ʦֵһƣٷ룬Ǹ͹Ź֮䣬ʵеҺϼ̨Ĺϵ֮Źرǿ𻵣ǲҲˡ
ԡ
䣬лû˵ȻѾȫˣʶŽӵԣپΪʲôŻ᲻ϧһдۣϧðŻòɢΣգҲؿŹأ
һлͷ÷ʳ
׵ǣڵ֪º󣬲ûŭֻǺƽ͵غȥİ½䲻
⡭
զôأ
Ǿ仰벻ͨ涼벻ͨ
Ǵŵ٣ǱżȻǵԨԴһȫ벻ͨ
㱼䣬緶ʳǰ㣬лֻԼץһԼ֮ǰûע⵽ϸڣǾǡ
ʼգͷŶֻ˵뿪Źأȴ벻ͨΪ뿪Źء
պټعʱ
ԣΪΪ棬عǵĲ⡭
պټʱԴסϸʡ

ĥţԷȴס˽ţ̧ǰһָ
˵ǰԺ˵㿴ǲڿޣ
һ仰ͰлЩľɴг
ԭѾſԴˡ
վɪ֮УлѭȥֻھͷŲԶǰһũѵ˶ڵϣƨɣͷʹʲô
ҹۻлĬſ˰ΣܾŵıӰЩϤǱ㼸ǰȥļ
һ̣˼ġũ򡱱ȻͷлֿԼż죬ɴ۾һ
Բëһ˫ɫͫлȥֻũΪ˵ϣǳè
лҪ˵

˶Բǣÿ춼ĻյȴܱӺյȥ
Ǹܵɣ


84 
룺и˵Ĳ, èһһºڷߣʺɱڵҹ, Ȼͷһ˲ų̹⡭
л֪£кηӦȷʵһסƬ̡
˵ʵ, ʱ, лԼлׯʱ, ǵ¹ºڵëʵûóס
Ͳˣл°ͣڵһʱ̽ʶ, ΣתͷԷŸĿڵèˣ, һĴ񡣡
õд𰸲⣬Ϊ, ǰҲῴ
ֻ, ߷֮ŵ, ȴһèľǡ
һֻèֻƵһ, лǰЩ, 뿿ͷɽҰ, ũ, ǡΪèָһ㾫ǣܱ֤
Ͼ㾫֮⣬ǿյġ
һлʮ죬ɲشǡôȥǵŹֵ˼ǡ
ǰè˶ΣջȻֻתͷ˿лͷû㼴ڼˣвڳ㲻ϰݵơ
ʲôͦҪĶ
ôţлĥȻͷڸսƬʱӲϮľճ档
֮⣬л뵽ŵζԼ֮Ļ⡣
ȻͷΪΪŵӹһ٣ѱϮĻɱأ
ǵǸŹֻֽʿͨ˵ġôÿֵ˶Ҫôһ⣬ᵽǹζ֮󣬿ס⣬ʹ˯˹ȥ
˯ȥ֮ô
ǻũһǣӴ˱ȻججڻþУȻܳԻܣ˵ѾǾʬˣ
ɲǼ䣬лǻȻ򣬼ԼĻǣ
һ̣һԲķȴ죬ֱ˦һУȴǶè˵ķ
ŰˣˮҹɫУ˳һӶϣת˲㽫ճ˻ҽţһЩӨɫĹƮٿèǻǹλèֱԵȥ
ѹűӰء
ֳ˲䣬˵ԭ˲ǱˣСѿǸĵ
ᣬлͷһĬǰ˻ǸһλҪۣæһ˲ȥְ˽סˣͬʱָ˵ıġ
ýˣл͸˵ģϸϸӵģȫõͷũ
˵䲻ģڶﶼġ
ôţлҪʻźȻض㻹֣
ԣлһ¡
Уɡȫ֪ԼĵлѵϺã֪ģɿҪ˯ˡ
˭ףԹǻǸչλʱ壬Ҳʻʱ۾ˣ˯֮󣬿¾ͺټʲôˡ
лû֡
ȴлףžֻɨл§ϵ֡
ţһΣɲɣ
л治ɣô
ŰҧðӲĬƬ̡лΪڷٹʱ򣬷ȴȻֳ
ιϸôʡ
л
ɲǼ䣬лûһֺܲԤУ֡
Ȼлĳ뿪շıǼͺףСѿɹȥ
գ⼸˾ְһ齻洩СѿҸ£վ
ڶһ˵ıģлָȥ
һжգ֮䣬ٶȼ죬֮лշӦȥԼĺʱСѿѾޱˡ
ȻǱѵ֮⣬ҪǱѵġ
˵ӵסζܣһʱ䣬Сѿ˫Բɣŵ񣬷·𿴼аħ
ȴ⡣
˿ڻǹ˯⣬ŵУתͷлʵ˵ϸô
л
ԣлԼӹ˵СڵıǼ⣬ʲ졣
㻰أˣ˯ô
û
ղǹⱧôõô
Ҳǡ
һ֪㣿ֲӿ죿

лʵеޣ˵ûаⲻû뵽СŶţˣ»ֱ۸ûֵֽã
ûҰΪԼ粵Ļ˵
һΪСڳ˵ʲôֽ֮Ĺֶŵ˼ҡ˵Ѿ챻ˡ
һΪڷŵɫܳдšҾ;±ࡱ
ҲֻʱлŻĵؽ̵Ĭǽ
лȻسĬˡ
ĬҪԾ͡룬һСܵߣװոʲôû
ʻ˾ʹл˷ţƽҲգգۼ䣬õĴֱ½
ʵܼ򵥣ֻ˭ΪʲôþɽҰǡ
ʻлͼ֮򵥴ֱһССôмܵסʱȫˡ

ԭջ֮ԭ治Ǹũ
˵⻪֮ͳһǸᰮдֹµĻƽʱɵģܵһЩνɷ֮زģţҵƬ
ڴԼǰ˵Ƭè壬ҹﳣ˿ޣ㲻֪ߵغĸ鿴ս˹ǽһطתȦ
ת˾ͻۡȣ֮תһ춼ûתȥʵڽ꣬ҳһţ˵ˣԼˡ
ڿ־ʱ뷢й죬֮ûסһȭԵĴ
һȭһˡƬ̺ڻ֮ŵĵ£;ҵðȥѪке˵Ƥ⡣
ȻͱӸڼ䣬ԼԼᵽһζеܰĵζ˯˹ȥ
ʹһΡ
УƬ˳ȥ˼ңдĻҲǴ׬˺ܶӣȢޣһܳϢĶӣһֱƽƽĻʮ꣬˫ա
֮ǽⳡ⣬Ļǵ»ص֮УͲ֪ԼΣΪѾ߳ȥˡ
ξΣԶҲ䲻ġǰ֮УҿԶейֻ֮۱ֻۣȨˣۿͺȻ˺ܶࡣ
ʱܻ㱾ԼǱһô񣬳úܸߣÿ춼վڴ̫չż米
ʱƺΣμԼһĪһԶŮòҲһƢ
μֻԧ۵èëģӺƯÿҹﶼ˯ʱ͵͵ȥץȻٰץϢҵķ
Ȼˣץ£ʵĳҹˮʱģʱһæܹȥ˹ǣȴǹûʲôֻаˮʣ

лҪ˵
TAT


85 
ƬʵǸл, ÿһӵλãн
һ㣬лڻ֮ѹ½һʱ, ʶˡ
ΪʲôĽֻ֮ˣȴˣΪֻз˽ӣǲܱסܱ֤һʧ
ͻͷвס, ƻ󷨡
, ֮ǰᵽǵζ, ¾ǰõġΣлӻ֮ĽУժҪϢŵ
ȳ, ٷһԼľǸЩһ֪޾þ
ֻζ˰֮, Լе֮˶֪ЧãŻͷ֮, Щ
ֻǡ
ΪʲôأϦ
ΪʲôҪѾĻ, Ūôһ, вС𺦵أ
Ҫ֪ǲֵģÿһ㶼ܱ, ûǴĻ, ͷŽʱ, Ĵǲ, ûһ٣ҲаʮгСѿĻ֮⣬˺ǻ֮
ԽԽ⣬èСѿҵķﶪʱлɱ˳˼
ʵʵ˵ֵİɣЩ֡
ȻˣȻǸ˵èԼģ
ôģ
˵˺è˼ķʽͬè˵Ǳˣ
ΪԼϲԾӦ󶪽˼ҵķ
⡭ⲻܰɡ
ϾĲãè㻹û޳ΣΪҲܵͣӦ翪ˡ
ôĥţлͷŶһۣ뿪˵ʲôĻ֮ȻһίͰͿλܲܲ仰
ԣлƳһۣΪʲôҪϸڣ˵
ҲûʲôҪ󡣡
Ҿ˵ҲڿģΣǽʲô֪鷳һܻһ㣬˯֮˵ǧ
Ͼﶼôдġ˵һ룬֮ͷԣʲ죬Ҫ֪̫ѽ̡
л
л̨᲻̫ḻһ㣬㿴ɱ˵ô
лôʣ֮תͷ˿վԼߵķţֱ챻ſˣ𣿡
л
лģǴӲɱˣʵǾֻǡš
˴죬ŵлԼʵ벻ʲôʵݴʣ㴹ͷɥٿţԷŵСŶϸ˵˵Ǹɶġ
˵
˷ԸķŵͷתԻ֮ɭһЦɨ֮ʮС壬ͣסƬ̣࣬ǴӲɱˣֻץ
ڰ޳𣿡ºͺ͵ίضԻ֮Լһ˾ͼȫˣô󣬿𣿡
֮
֮۰һʹȥˣǸ˵Ӷûá
ԭΪԼί񣬲÷ȸ֮򵥽һµлĬĬ
˵ģԽԽãԽԽˣǰֳЦ۵ףԶʶģ±¶ĸоʵںܲһ.
Ҳ֪Ǻ»ǻ¡
Ͼͬˣǰֱ仯һܸˣѾۼǸսҲ˵껹ʱĵһ͵еġ
ΪЩȫģǰͲֹͷԨԴ͵һͬҲеԨԴ
ԨԴ˱һˣ˵ܹ鲻á
ЩԵպ˵֮ǸϿƵط߳ȥ
˼ˣлĬĬŻ֮Ӳˣ˷ȥţΪһ֮˸ʱȫĹ֡
Ȱһжٺˣл˳ҹǵѪζһ·ѰڣԸԼġһֻè
лϵǣèıȴȲƯҲɰһ࣬¶ģǸ֪Сѿ˶ҪСèˡ
ңèĺϻմŵѪ飬˺أۼлͷ˳ѪζѰˣֻǰצһ˲ըл¶Լצȴûվ
һΡΡΡ
Сèî˾ܣȴΪ֧ԴˡŬСèƺҲԼɴľ͵һſצŰצһƹˤƤһһ㡣
л
ţ
⡭
лӡޣӣǸ翹лĸ翹е㲻һ
սأתأһܿŭƱ߶߶أզɶҲûУ
Ͱˣ̬ȻôѺá
Ѻõһ֣лԼ۸Сĵز
ѵʲôµս
лţ֪ýǸʱԷŵ૵ι㿴צȻǵɫİÿɰ
л
ãýˣ̿϶Ǵˡ
Ϊʲô
лûס鸴ӵתͷƳ˷һۡ
·һֱѾ߷ˣȼ֮һ˵ֱӷŰѻķţѾ׵׵ġеͶˣƨ
Σлǰ˼Сè°͡
ʱžҲһ·СܹͷսˣСèͷһһ˫ַ̧£̧𣬿źֲ
գŵûסջСָϸһһ㣬һСèıǼ⡣
ţ
ţֱһпԡ
л
ôһ˲䣬лͷ˿Լȩ̀ۿ˿ţֻ߻ͦ
ˡл˵ԼǴ˵еͬϧ˲¡
뵽⣬лüͷһ壬ָᵯһСèͷôʲôԾͿ˵Ͻģʱأûġ
һĬ
ΣСèηηؿڣ~
л
лܵܣ۶ǧˣܱװ˻ô
Сè
һľĬ
Ƭ̺СèѴԼŵֻǰצΪԼҡûɱˡ
ģžǸʮİꡣ
ҿˣҿǰСѿǸˣȫˡСèͷԵض˶룬ѶһϽСѿֻʣһ¿ɻˡǿ˼ʵȫ԰һУһԺġ
ΪȻˣҲˣҲˣͲƲסЩˣһܿסЩˣҡ

ͣͣ˵صò
Ŷ˵ǣʵĴǰȫˣСѿ֮⣬˶ûܴǳа

лҪ˵
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86 
˵, ˺ܴĳ֣գձ޵һԴ, ֻķڣ
ҲǸɣֻСèɵ׽٣һûɹȥ
˵è׾ţҲֻ, 亱ľè, Ѿ޳˾β, ֻ׽һɼλɰࡣ
Ȼ֪޳Ҳףοè
֮׾Ŷɽʧ, Ϊ˰βͣάΣرһ
Сѿʱֵġ
ʱ׾֪˼, һСѿӦʵͺͽл˲, ܵܲ
ڼСѿƼ, ǸСͯ, ȧȴѸ߸͹۷ŹĿˮʱ, ׾ž֪ԼҪˡ
ǻ, ׾ŸɴͰצһ̯, ﰲοԼ˵, £ʲôأͽһơ
Ͼ׻˵ĺãһʤ߼׾ŵѾͷһ˵ǡ±ʱ׿϶㡣
ôţ׾űһգʼǾںʱԾò档
Ͼ۰ۡ
ȻǸǧˣҲۡ
ԼΪ۰ɣûСѿʱüͷʵǽŵġ
ǻڶء
׽ʹýӲ䣬ϢӽޣСѿǵ¶ůţѾȥ
ʵû뵽СѿŹ
û뵽СѿؼңȫһֻССèҪ
ԼѾڳԹˣȴЦ
ȻЦǣϣСѿΪƽһԼµļĸ͵͵ܳţӽɽ
ʵ׾֪СѿڷߵͬʱɽѰܳԵĶȥʲôУֻҪܳԡ
Ϊĵ£͵ĵͷèԹ㣬Ҳ󲻵ȥ
ֻҵ㹻ĳʳܻͻᱻǱ˼ҳԵСѿһ㣬ƴңƴңһҲͣЪ
ǻˣĻгʳˡ
Ī˵ʳƤûˡ
ҲʳСѿһؼңԱúܣԼɽôҲһȫʬɰ׾Լȥ
֪֮ˡȻèҲ㡣
˵ˣЩɵȫ⻹⣬ֻҪ˱ָǵ򣬾͵ûƹԶǷˣҪǻ꣬͵ȥص׽١
Ҫôô߰ģ˵ʲôҲѰԼ˵תء
֮ô˵ɣĸмҲã׽Ҳգ׾ŵʱûСѿ
׾һԼָЩҲҪСѿ
ôţСѿɽﹶӲдС£ֱѰż˵ĹӣŸɽؼҡʱӶڲñˣȫûȥԼΪˮ£ôá
ȻҲǱͿˣԲ벻ɡ
ֻϧСѿŹӣ˸߲ɽʱѾòʣһˡ
ûܴܳȥĴȫƤͷĿ
СѿǸųƽʱ˹Ҳ򲻳ƨ׵øǸҡ
ֻΪӣԼĴ⣬ȴۻֶ˵طСĸѪܣǰֶʹ䣬ڵŤţССһţѪˮأѸɺԡ
ϻдСѿͰ͵ţֺܶ࣬ͨƪ˵Բ𣬼ȺԼǰûչ˺СѿûСѿʱվȰһȰҲԼһûܻסԼ޶ǶԼǰ
л˵СѿɽˣҪ£ΪȥɽؼңӴе۵Ĺ»ҰСѿ󣬻Żˣɷϵ⣬ΪΪһףΪСѿˡ
Ȼǰܾһ׵ΣûˣܵŬ
ϵģСѿڿǷ֮ΪԼˣҹ˸ա
Сѿߵˣ˰׾źСѿȴֻһ·й£͸ѽôϻŻԵ
ʱ׾žСѿͷһô˵㶮ˣͷϹŵǵԵӦþҡ
һ˲䣬׾źȻôˡ
׾Сѿ֯һΣһΡ
׾žСѿȥ̶ʮʵ̫ˣҲôң͸ࡣԼջָһ㹦ΪСѿҪһһԵݣһʳġ̶ӡӣʩ࣬һꡣ
ʵǼٵģʼնûʲô̶ӣҲûʳ׾ֻǵģСѿǰӰˡ
ֻϧ׾źһ㣺ϵÿˣÿͱ˵ģȻ˴עҪǰôǿСѿƬҲ³ׯ
߻仰֮ĳ˵СѿһˣҲͼӴ䣬ӴֻҪһ첻Ƭرһ쳤ׯڡ
ҲûСѿߣ׾κֻҪһ뿪ԭհɵѾϲ˵Сѿ㿪ʼجΣôȰûá
׾ҲȰˣʼаƩ˵ʹþ޸Ĺһл
׾룺ȻСѿĺӣ͵ôӻָԭˣǱʲô
þˣʬòˣûϵܿ󣬴һһץµġΪ¶ˣÿֻץЩͨķˣ߷Զ֮۷Ǹߡ
ץ㹻֮ͰЩսƷĻҳȫȻָٰһԼľǣʹܹƣǳ˳֮⣬оֹԭЩһһӦԱƭ״̬ʱʱϲȴϡЩµСѿ
ȻˣҲǺԭһģ˵Сѿĵ
˽ģ׾ŸСѿ˶ԴȰĵӴܴЬԱ⣬ڴѩسŽţѩﰤ
ںӵֳĹ߹СѿÿԵġʵҲЩĴ񡪡ôжٸأֻҪõǰѾڵҲ㹻ˡ
˵żõʱҲ󡢲ݸҰˣ˵صļֻޣԼʵƤ
ǳЩûˣΪ׾ųȥ
֪ʲôʱ𣬱׾ŲǸлÿ߽ͬʱҲס׾ŵ׾Ųòÿʱÿ̶ϸչŴÿһġʳϾȥ
صԽãɢþԽ죬ҲԽȥֱ±һֻèҲΡ
صÿ춼ڶԼ˵ڱΪ»ɾ鷳ȴǡǡˣҪһ㣬ƺҲܳþļޡ
ʱþƣþеǻᡰСѿҲһ
˵ԼûɱˣʵѣΪȷһ˶ûǾֻҡ˯ˡ
˵ΪʲôҪΪһز׾ԼҲ벻ס
ʵûͼСѿÿЩҲЩ׾˵ֻҳˣҲЩҿܳԣҾͰǱСѿҲܳԵӣÿ춼Աů
ġҿΪ˱Ҳܡ
ΪѾǧ꣬ȥģᱻɲ֮ףȴǵһСѿ֣ǰҲҪҵסɽ䱩ɵޡ
ôһɵɵŮޣǰʵڸùˣ׾롣
ЩνĺӣʵǼٵġ
лҪ˵

׾ֻè˶궼èҪ˵˼άȥСѿõķʽԶǰԼϲ򵥴ֱСѿһ롣


87 Ͽ
׾Ż, һƬĬ֮У˭Ҳ֪λӦ
ΪֻҪһ뵽СѿԭĻУķ, ÿ춼ͬʲô˵Żἴ̺ë
ҲѹСѿøΪʵδĳԱЩø⡢Ƥûɵȹߣƭͷܻ֮ڶԭα¶
͸ý, СѿԹô, ƽ, 漣˵ֻմ˵Щ˵
Ȼ־£СѿÿԵǸ⣬ʬ, õݱñİСèһαҴһ꣬˵ج, ȴҲȷʵΡ
ǰԶʲôͳϸ˼ֵجˡ

šڰ׾Űѹ½, Ҫ˵ʲôʱ, лļȻӻĻо, ҡҡͷεǹŰĭ, ɵʵ
һû, ˵, ȻץʬԭЩһһӦ, ôҪץ˽
ȻΪҵľ޷Щȫںϣ𻵡
ԣ׾Ȼһʵش
һʱޣҪŵĳЩ˳ȥץĳЩ˽ϣʬͱʬˣôµ£Ҳɡ
һ仰лƿԡ
Ϊȷʵ˵ͨ
ۼ׾дšֻè˵ɱ˾Ͳɱˡл촽ʰ׾żȻ£ﻹƭСѿԼ׵ߣȴֱ˻ȥ
ʲôأûʲôʵģܼ򵥣׾ʼնֻ
֮׾ʱ̹˼Ų˺ˣѾˣҪ˶˼ɣû»üסΪǡǴԿв
˵ˣԶͼ˵һֻè󲻺óԡ
ǹζҲŪģΣлڷŵߴ£һת״Ʋʵ
Ȼ׾̱˵ͷа
һԻ㣬˯׾˵Ҳ֪ģ˯ŵױ꣬Ҳ׽ҷָľǡ
֮μݶȷ𣿡
ҲܰɡΪҪȷЩȫ˯ԵμһЩһμˣٲԸĶ
أ
ȴΪĳЩԭôҲǲһЩѽ
¡䣿
Ҳ˵ڰſЩȷȫˣ
뵽⣬лתͷ뷶Ŷһ̶ۣʵ᲻ʲôҲûμɱݳ
Уѵá$%!'
Ϊô˵
Ǽлڵ֪󣬲û̶ְѻþƵҲû׷Сѿ£һСѿ޹ص⣬׾ŵ±ֵЩ£ٿʱԾرƬ̡
׾ȷʵûѣʵ벻ͨлΪҪּûܷ¡
һ˵Ļǿֺȫϣͻ
ã׾ǰצŻشֻǱΪ̫޷ҵסһڵһʱ丽һϵ
֪ԼϵģҲֻԼˣһЩΪ𻵣ħޣĻֵ
׾߻һ˵꣬лĬ˵ⲻˣҾǸֵˡ
Ϊⳡ⣬ſ˹ȥ򿴵һ
ҲȤ
ڼ̨ϡ
ôţлһǼ⣬˼ػܣƬ̺󷽵׾ţҪΪСѿҲ㣬ûʲôڲƻþǰ£ҺСŶȥİ취
֮⣬ֻҪܳȥԸϹӣ׾þôȥܡ
ѾλεݺͰˡ׾л⻰һͷУа취ʵֻҪӡ
ȻȰ׾ŶƬ̣㱻ųԴϡ
лˣٵԶǼٵģ䲻ġü˵ΪΪСѾͷ𣿡
ô˵סΨһһСѿ硭ôٵĵط֪ĻҲûУ˵ˣǱ
˵⼸仰ʱᣬһƽʱºͣлûƬ̡
ǺܿģлûɵĻлعζæҡͷСŶ㲻˰ʱʵҪһЩ۵Ļԡ
ΪЩ۵Ļԣпᡣ
ͺñȵۺʱ󲻾ãһϿµľƣ֮ɼǰѰˡ
ʱԼۺѩվĴѩŽżȥԺǸ÷֦
һػ֦ǰǸ·ʱɢȥСӰСֽȸŵúȦСſġÿն׼ʱȼ̣׼˫꣬һ˳ԹһӵĲˡ
˵ûˣĺ쳾Ҳ͸øɢˡԴǾƺֻҪţܿŵӰӡ
һ
ÿܿһķţϴˣһܽü󷹡
ȥԺɹ̫һĴͼϣͷˣһͷСķŶ˵ȥ÷֦˯㰲˵Ҳˡ
ȥۺ洦£ЩЦܻЩƲסĵ׵ɱ⡣ÿʱǸСӰӱᳶ䣬ЦظԼؼҡ
ٺͱڿˣۺȴδաΪۺʼ⡰Ρ
ʵȥ¥ȹ̳ҵľƣҲȥϷ¥ϷŸŹĽرӻҹ˯һģԶֻǺôŬҲû취Ͽ¡
ֱڼ̨ϣ˵ظۼΪ𣬱跨޳ճ˯ѵķš
ֹ˲֪꣬ĳһ죬˯õķźȻ۾Ե˵Ͼζ̫أҲ˯ãð·Ѭѣơ
˵ʵʵѾǲסԼȿˣЦˣֻǵǻиڷ˵㿴˾Ǻˣ˾ǲʧˡ
㿴лߡԱߺţ˻ߣ˵㿴лߣĺ쳾ˡ
ԺҲûϿˡ

ȻµζܺãΣлǿԼЩССӰһֱèһǣŵ֣֪˵
϶ҲǸŰɡԹŰ޳ЩΡ
ΪעǻģʹעǿģǾͰǰúȥĿҩĻɼǰɡ
лҪ˵
һ


88 ѡ
Ųͬл˵Ļ, ֱԷڽ
֪лһܻὲûұ, ǲˡ
žл˵òԣ벻ɡ
˵ĹлѾͰ׾ãŴȥٶ¡
ȥķҲܼ, ǻص, һֱ, ڼ䲻ʲôҲҪͷа׾ڣһһʧ
һ·ϣлﱧСè, βԵķϣʼûٿڣһڳţĥʲô, ֪϶ûת
µ񣬹Ҳ۷ôһ, ľ, ȷʵǸСľͷԴ, ֻܶ벻˵رţǼ, һ˽ڳʲô
ͺñ˵ǧǰ, žƤӵ, Ϣ, ôһϲҲǾţһǧꡣ
ôţлΨַַɵ˵Ų£ȴܳʵȥͰ׾ŶŸɣǰ׾ŷŭĶԷŴСŶ̫ˣƽȥ
ϾۺַǳźöּĵطѶִˣ׺ֱܾܿˡ
Ȼлѻ˵꣬űŲһ٣̶üø
뵽ﲻԾˡ˵ƺûлպֱԣ˵öԣ
԰ץסлǣִֵҡͷл˵ˣӦðѡȨСѿš
䣬лİ׾űըëһ˫ԧȫתɳɫҪһԾ˹ͱлۼֿ죬žһ¿˺⡣
׾ţ
Σתԧۣ׾ίίצԴſȥӻצлԼ
ȷʵÿˣڻþԽãͻմԽþϢҪЩ¾ֻʹӲȥ
ʱ׾Żøƴ
˵ʵҲƴɣǣɵǡ
ŵ²ȵĿۺ˵ǲСҲΪĻӲƴ
;ú鷳
˼ˣл̧ͷɫٵ飬žͿ첽ǰ߱Ȱ¾ȫ˵ѵǧǰô
ǲһСѿԼȡ
ʲʲô
ôȰˣ
벻ͨΪʲô˼֣һʱ䣬леͷۣ²һͣͱӿһ˰׾ڳʵʲôһģǡ
Ѽٵĵģÿ׷ǵǰӰӣ΢еЦģģ
˭֪лѻ˵أűԴ
һȻһ
Žü˼ôֲͬͷĬϰ죬ŵƭԼƭԼǲһ
㵱ˣ֪ĶǼٵģȴ뿴˵ˣͷβû˱ôɣȫԼʵСѿ㲻һСѿʲô֪
ˣһѡȨǱƭˣ֪Ȩûˡ
˼ǡ
ҵ˼˵ҾǸСѿԼѡ
԰գлͰ׾ûʲôæٽŲȫԼѡһУþﰲգǰ߳ȥ࿴硣
͵ˣлסƬ̣˲Ū׷ʲôˡ
ƽƽֹһ䣺˵ˣǿɲҪ̫ῴСѿָ˼СǸģܺ¸ҵʵĳǰ㣬ǿиɡ
Աߣ˵ǿиɵл
аɣզզأôɶƵ

һĬ
ΣԾлƲƲ죬ڷͷŶ˲һֻǰߣ֧ţһûһŷŶ԰׾ŵȰ棬ʱע˶һԲ϶˺
еңȻͬ׾ŵ㻹ǵùȫֻ֣࣬ûɱ˷Ż
ǷȰһ·лҲһ·
лŶ԰׾˵עǻģСѿѾʱ޶࣬һˣֻȨԼֻܰǻҩȴûʸҩǣʣЩôԼѡȨ֪
Ż˵ô˲֢֮ˣЩǣЩҩǿȰǵ˳ҩȻʹ࣬ҲųЩᣬǲһŻĿҩΪ˵һ漣ܾԼҲ֪漣ʵ˳ɲˡ
þʱÿ죬ʱһèþڴٱǰЩһʳ֮ĵҩ͸׾š
ûйٱʣѾûʲôܺһֻܸꡣضŰ׾ţһĵģȫƽô򵥴ֱ
Ը⣬Ϳ԰˵ģȫСѿԼѡ
ܽܣ͸ҩᣬҲԼһĻᣬȥ࿴ߡԸ⣬ʹסһһκͷ㣬㡣

ʵź滹Ͱ׾˵˺ܶ࣬лߵÿ죬ΪԽԽģԽȷ϶ĴٵʱɴֱӰѰ׾ŷŵ˵ϣͷŵȥˡ
ڹ˴Լһ֮󣬷ŲŴӻþ߳лſĿԣŶл΢΢һͷѾˡ
ΪʲôĿģ񣬰׾ƺѾǿҩ׻᲻ŵģȥСѿ̹ףǾԼˣл˶ٹܡ
ˣβǸһ䡣һЩرԭƩ緶Ÿոڳ˵׾ʱǿð׾ŲҪСѿţҪѡҪ˳żǴߵʱлͷ˭Ҳûȿڡ
ǲļ䣬ΪǵǸʲôǷţ˭Ҳ֪˵ֱˣʵﶼеģöԷȥϽҸͷѶԷ֧Լȥ̽̽ڷ磬ϴѾ߻ħĵȥ޻صĽ
Ǹôأ
㲻ҽ£ֻ˵һлͷˣȥȫһѣһΣػضԼΪ˶ԷãҲػضŪöԷԹһһۡ
֮û˵ָֻܱпһ꣬ΪԷȷʵΪԼá
ããõԲԼǰ¶ӰˣлԥſڣⲻԼͷڴСѿϵķ磬ֱ׵ضԷ˵СŶŪһ¡
ԣüл
֪ΪЩ£ܻҿúܸߡǶһ˵ʱѾ˹һǵдһնĻ٣Ҳ֪ǵѣ֪ǷڣҲ򲻹ʵϣܾʹֹվȵҡ
Ҳټֻ֧㣬ǲһҪȥðգ
лҪ˵
ңأˣ
õQAQ


89 
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˵лͶһ䣬Ϊſ϶øȥ, ա
˻þһжûлոմӰ׾֪ΪԭСѿûһƬҲŻ˵, üݲ, 粻겻˳, ȫȻƻþİݡ
һԴĵأл磬һ·ǰߣԸǸĪĴǰ
ʵ˵, Դӱ֮лѾܾöûعۺˣֱ֪޽һԲ
ǰڵڣڵ⡣Զ, лͷȥֻиӺΰ, Բơ
ǰ, ŵšͬ, űƿһխխ϶ŷ￴, ῴһЩӨɫ㡣
ǰһʱ, лǰ, ֪ô, ԼڰΰʱǸߵĹˡ
봫Ļ٣ģͬŰµӰлԺغϣһ
ޱߺŷˮɱлһֳϣֻᴥС۾ѱϲİ˪ýӲϡ
̹ǵĺ⣬ҲлǸֽϣѪ֮͵ñһ첲ˡ
¾㱸ֻŽȥ鿴
Ȼ͵л׼ǰһİƿʱȴһץס
赲ŵĶһת󿴣Ŷҡҡͷ
Ǹո׾鵤Եʣʱɫ̫ã͸һ㲡̬࣬ɫҲޡ
𼱡˵ͬʱһѽлԱߣЩСʯӡ
ǺʱһСϷʯɱЩߵС˶˳ŷȥϤϤںڰɢֱȷȫƽº󣬲Ÿҷлš
㰴˵֮ǰǸۣҲǹ˵֪˴ʱ벢ڵڣһأüʣһ滹ʹ˲ڣҲ֮أ
˵Щʱ򣬴ѱƿգۼ䣬ҲزסҺȻʱľӵ壬ɲǶα
޷ֻýǴӱгһǰһƮƮĽ˵ֱˣŷлᣬϸոΪû˵°仰
˵лһôһйǰ£¾Ͳӣ
䣬ͼл͵ͣס˽ţǸողŴѡ

ҡҲ֪Ϊʲô
ãлڷźɵע£ȻСֹҸղźںҵ֣ҿ
˵һҡͷ漴ҷϡ
ԣǺҵǺ֮ǰЩֻתʲôлߣллһһֲ嵽ں˭ϸûһںңֺںҡ
˵ŻԭڰָĴȻͻůлһ˲üǰããƬ̣ٻʱѾȼ֧Ƴɵĳơ
ű̽ʯСǣһһ֮ѾȫʧȥӲʯͷ
лܣЩǱ̶ǽڵİÿһ֧涼ŸԲԲ֣ƻʱһȥֻͬڰŵͫ˲
֮ǰпģЩԭΪǱǶڵϣ˿ߵСʵǱεĵ˵ϡ
˵ˣ˲ǹ֮⣬еһУܺлһһϡǾ߱˿ϼ̨ϣлһ
֮⣬лһͷԼŵһֻѾƻ˵ġ
緶ԣﱾǱǰ˵ģ״룬ֻ֪Ǳ˭ȣܸ֮ǰƵˡ
ʮ˪ʮػףټʮط絶
˵лüŽŵػصⲽ󣬳˻Լ˭Ƶ㶯ûУĪǡ
δ䣬Ѿ̧֣ҪһлЩ˿ߡ
״лֹܱȴһ졣
⴫̼سźǳɣ
ԣл˽ѭȥȻһϤۡ
ȻعҲԸĳΪƵˣ⡣
ѡ
ʶһ֮лص˿˵ˣ˲֮⣬˭׾پƵٵ
ôţлְ˲Լڼ̨еǰ¶˵زסϲɫ
ôˣһΪ
лһţһ泯֣ŸϿԼߣЩ˿Զ㡣
Ƿذַˡ
лʺҲûܿͰԼγڴ˴Եȫ˵ˡ
ݲ˵յŴȥźһҲҵ飬ȥ̽ˣȻûˡ
Ϊ¶ˣû룬һ·׷ŻٵټѰƿ󣬽žͼһֹЩ˿ߣ޲лǸҡҡ׹䡣
һߣȻҲûϵ׷ֻ򵥴˸棬ңңһУٱѸתΪأòǵ㹦ٿһ»棬Ƶˡ

ȻѾ֪ˣҲͲٶʲôˡԽԽеΣΣȻ̾лͷϵǴаһնǶʦֵܣҲǵظɡ
϶˶٣һָл
ʦӵ̫죬û׷ϣȻϵ⿪ٻصȥžͿҲ⣬ЩЩ˿ߣɰŻˡ
˵Żֿ̧ͷͺ汻ų亹Ƶġ
⻰˵꣬лڣŷȿʼˣôԭЩ˿߶ôָôлΪ
ò˵⻰ȷ˵ϣϾ˵Ŀģǰл͵ȥЩ˿ʵʩٻնϣǸô͵
ԴˣΪһ΢׵Ļش𣬽ȴû뵽ȻֻǰԴһҡڷֱܵ׳Ҳ֪Ҳµġ
ţ
ţƾأƾβµģ
ƾʱʦЩ˿ߣʱлߵ״ֺܲãʦְַſˣл߾ֺˡԣգգۣ֣صŵҵʱ÷ҿʦִֻЩߣûʩǾȻһ˲ˣʦֿʼʩڶˡ
һʧǣѾڵصһǧʬַӦһǺ¡ұţû׼Щ˿ѾлߵΪһˣóȻնǣлߵ¾Ҳ𡣡
ʣµľͲٶ˵ˣǴҶµĹɣҲס
ΪɣϸԼ걻ٳʱùǾôľôţԸĶͻӰ
ͱ˵ŰɣΪԼ˻ңˮ䣬Ƿּʱһɢ³
ͬģˣЩ˿Ǵлӳģܶϡ
Ϊû֪֮лж൹ùû֪ǧǰķһȻûɵ˯ֱ±á
仰˵ڶѾ˻ƨɵʱˣŻµķӡ˶òлԹֻԼõô˯

лҪ˵
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ʱеˣšлӪҺ


90 ɡ
ȴ, лС˿ߣڵתüȦҪҵһ
ϧҲ
ڵĳü, û仯лߣ˿ԽԽܣһС޷дС
ãǷźȻչ, ָ, Ǹ, ʣл˵㵱ôţ
ԣлסƬ̣ûŪ׷ΪλЩ
Ƿŵָе, һһ磬źĴתĦȴϵȵĻ
Ƭ̺, ָѾᣬһ·, عൽ촽, ָ֮, ͬԳһϸϸĺߡ
ˮУҲմʪ
ŵ㵱, ʱ, ƾճֶ㲻ϸ, 㾱, ǴһʼУУ
⻰һ˵꣬л׷ŵ˼ˡ
˵ˣЩı࣬úйأƩӴ󣬶ͨȫ/㣬ΪһֻĹϸϱһĪߡ
һȥǱġ
лԴȴ⣬ĥΣֻһָԼڼ̨ϵ벻ģȻѾǲۼںʱų֣Ҳ˸ߣ룬ԼֻǸ䡣
ϻ䣬ŵֵָüҡͷ䣬Ϊλòԡ
㾱ߣںϷģ˿ߣȴźǡ
˵Żڲֹ֮ǰǧ˿Ѱлһָȥ
һ̣лֻǱ󣬺٣һѱպ˵ĵһһпϵƤ⡣
ãл֧֧˵ֻŷɿ֣ĺϡ
㿴λòԣɫ˿߲䣬
԰գĴָ磬Ҳлʶ
ɫô
лûпǹ㵱ܸͲģ
ϣֹлˣԶԶվŲҿĲ⣬Ҳһ£ɫ任̺ģʮֺÿ
ʵʵ˵лôãʵûϸоԼߣҲǴʲôʱʼڵġ
ߣлû⣬ΪҪ֪Լ䣬ۼԼڴ˴ȻΪ͸Ǹ䡣
ֱ죬ôһѣлź֪طӦ䣬һѾõģ޴ıĿˡ
ԼԸľʱ䣬ʲô
뻹ٵľʱԨԴʲô뷶ŵľʱԨԴʲô
ΪλѡΪλѡ굽ôģ
ֵһ㡪Ϊʲôһˣľܣ
һеһУƺڸһû濴ȥô򵥡
Ȼֻӱ濴ȥѾܲˡ
˼ˣл׽סŻĥ֣תʲ⣺£żô
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״лҲͿżɽԼ벻ͨǵ£ͷۡ
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֮У𰸵ȻǷ񶨵ġ
л⣬ü˼ãԥҡͷϵǵˡ
Σ±л˼ŲǵȴǵûӦǺͼˣҺʦֻδʱͼˡ
˶٣ͻȻ׵´ۣʱһǳǳǽһӵľʱ䣬˿С
лߣ֪ġ⻺ԵΪֹѾ̫ãҲ̫ˣҶԺܶ鶼ǲԭԭҲǵ㣬Ҳͦġ
ֵǣùҵɡҾ͸üǵ㣬Ϊǰɡҵı֮һӰ룬裬ȷʵǵˡ
˵Щʱ֮䣬Уһȥαлȴܼʱץסص㡣
֮һлʣ⣬ôͬʱӵкܶ
ֱҪһĶѵһֻһ
һڣüƺܰԼһʱ죬˵©ˡ
һ󳤾õľĬ
һ֮󣬲֪סл󲻽Ŀ£׿ڳϵǸֻһģ⣬ȻһһɡһŹ١
˵Żٻûݸл
ǰ֮ԲǣһΪܷ˼ҲΪҺὫй¶ȥҺʦ֡
ۣΪʲôۣ
ΪΪлߣ֪ºôʦֶ췣ô
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ʦֵĽˣܿҪɢʵûӣ跨͵͵Լɡ˳ȥ͸ʦ֡
԰գ̧ŵ˿ߣ̾
ҡԼɡΪʦһ˿ߡ
лҪ˵
£Ҳڹߡ
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˶, ѹü, Ǻ±Ƶġ
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л
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ǲ۲ô˵лÿ
Ϊлĺ֪ôһˣľܡ
ҲǴеջɣлڲİ£뷶һһǹ½Ρ

Улص˺ܾ֮ǰõֻػδɵʱ
ҲǸ˹үֻһѰСͯ
ĵ꣬սڵ˵֮£Լʮ꣬Ҫ׵Ըͬļһ͵͵ﵽսȥѰʬ塣
Щˣ˰·ЩǱģЩǱģһЩǱһɱġ
ֻлͷҶ·Сһͷʬɽ˷ʬ
һκܻļ䣬ûɫûлЦֻƣͲʡ
ھˣҲããȻǰţͷһͬϸϵʬ塣
Ǿôһ·šţֱߵݶģˣżһܿǣǵˣԸɡǣΪָ·
һԱǲ뻹١
лУ⼸ǶԻƴӣ˵衪ʵһֻСȷʵҪ
˭ϲԼıأ
⵱ȻҲԸ裬лԼлСţǰǧҪǰɡպãͷȥȡ
˭Ҳû뵽ǰɡᱻһֻûɲģĹ֣ƭˡ
Ϊûǰɡл÷ϵȴԸѾ˼ŴǹƭɡȻתʱҹɫҲԽԽˡ
ƬѹţǺȻ©˸٣ҵ̧ۣͷÿһߵüѣŽѪӣѱнѪˮȾɫ
ãл߻ͷѪȻġΣͷžĳŵ£ʼղš
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лŻˣɡȫȻԼˮʪ͸Խģ
ֻϧԸСʯţѶŶ±ķžȴֻ̳˰Ӱ
ԭѪˮǻҧסǲŵġ
лˣץŷŵ֣һһ麰ŷŵԼѷŶڴ˴
ͷ˵پĶԲ𣬵Ųٴ
ΪǲȫķѾеģƺȥĵǸֻᷴţҪһȣҪٵһȡ
ؼʱ̣Ҫ⼰ʱʩŴһš
ֻǺܿϧº󣬷žǱ˵˸ʲôֻضٴΣܻȡáԲһЩ
ԲһЩԲһЩ˶ԲһЩԲһ㣬á
Ҳһѵ츳лҪЩ
ԴˣͬһϺ츳лѵ
Ϊ÷֮Իȫ
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֣µضԷ˵
һһҪһһš
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ʱƺҲһЩ־ͷ֪ЩʲôãתͷǡлĶϡ
ʱ꣬޸֮Сͯһط꣬ѱΪǿߣɽһ֮ң
Ҳһ֮ң÷Զ粻ȥ
ĿԣΣȿڵȴǷš
˵ɣ˵㣬֪츳ܺãٹЩ꣬˽ٺ󣬱ɵɶ
ԣлֱ֪˵Щʲôźá
ֻŵ츳ԭñʤһġ
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Բҵ겻ִ£һԼȹŵġ
ҡ㺦ˡ
һ꺢ӶʲôȻôô㡣仰˵Щȴ˸سŵҪߣĲߣҪܱѪˮûļ尾Ҳߡ
ǵʱôشأ
žֻЦƻ벻ضҡͷ˵ʲô軰ûжԲʲô
ҵȻСȴҲ֪һ·ңͻɢˡվŶ㣬ʵҲΪĲңҶס
˶٣̾૵˵ףΪ̫
Ų벽һСԴת䣬ŶǸܰĴ磬ٻزˡ
ǻô˵֮츳Ҳл룺²ΪʲôѷŻˣ÷Զɡ
ˣȻ£ÿ
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л⿪⿪Լͷŵ
ԣлÿҵţĬĬڷԣñǰһӿ̿޳ɱǰһߵľ磬ٽԼȫɸš
˵ˣл÷ɡűӦ
лһζûɹ
֪ôģôŬŶɡ
ֱãԺ󣬾õСʯűκţõ϶λţõڰлҲټǲסԼһӵ¡
ɼˣҲܻڤڤ֮Уһ˵㻹ȥɶΪһ˱ñ޳ɣ֮仹Щõ


92 
лĪĹŹͷ, ˼ãֱлһ
һѾȫȻҪѰ, ȴȻ쳾
ʵ޵С޾ȴԸͻơִֵڷ䣬˺ܾúܾá
Ѱţֺγ
֮Ļŷŵÿһ, ҲԶԶؿ, ʱ, ԽԽ࣬ŽЩܡ
ǣлŶɷһҲǾܾл-#{, лҪٹ
ˣ壬վڲͬ˵ĽǶȥ, ܵõͬĽ
ͱȷ˵л, ѷź, ˷ŵ츳ڷſ, ȴǱˡ
ԣŶлҲЩִ
л˵ûϵ, л⿪Ľᡣ
ÿһô, ڲźۼܾлİ, ֱŰ, ƾһдʶܻͶлԣȴҲ޷Լл˵ʲôˡ

֮⣬лμǧǰۺ
Ϊ䱻ˣлεĹע㣬ۺһڹϣڴȥȥϡ
ÿ˶ϸϸĲһŵƯʦܣק䣬ҪǺ«СͽٵܶǸȦۺ䲻廨Сš
ʱǨлǸСŶ˵ʦ棬ֻһ͵С޾ˡ
ʦ棬ֻһˣ
ʦ棬ֻһˡ
ʦ棬ʮҿ϶ܳɡʱɣҲȥɽ磬Ҫȥۺʦ档
ʦ棬޲С޾
ʦ棬Ҳˣˣ˯ˡ
ʦ˵öԣ޵ʵ̫ˣʱɣҲһƤÿˡ

һƬɵУԭῡε廨СţлƤӵ˥ϣƤ壬ҲţһΣ¡ԶۣҲû
ȴġ
ʵʵ˵лǰһֱΪ廨СģѾǲ
񣬵л¿ǰлϸϸ˳Щ˵ϸڣһоͶòһˡ
лǸС֮ǰһһ
Ϊ飬Դ˳࣬ͬͷ£ѩ

ѹ֡ѹ֡
ѹֵ꣬Сľͷ˸һۣ۾ģлǰľګ͡
лǻᣬҲлǸֱ׾ģɻ󣬿ʱȴֻΪԼ˲ˣû뵽ԭǳڷϡ
ԭһзȫűǸˡ
ΪǻˣԲԼûʱ㶯鶯
ΪǻˣԲŸҲ˵Ļ綷컻
ͬҲΪǻˣŻỼûʧִҪƽȶԴųлĿʦݡ
˵ˣⶫôûġ
лɷ뻻͸ڵ죬ʱ˺ȱһɡ
֮Ҳֻ˻ɽˣȻϿǸľܣʲôôͷѧϰʵϣȴͺлͬͬԴ˭Ҳնϵˡ
˵ŵΪ˵Ǻл˵ǡ
ڲ֪УлҪ˱͸һеǲ񡪡ɷ
ңŪ˰ɡ
Ҳ÷ŵǰ͵͵һлĽл˽顣Ϊ£žýɷ޲ԼĲл꣬ŵлһͬ٣Ϊظɡ
ãл߳ߵͷʱлȻ֪뵽ԭûƭ
޳ҪĽˣǱ㲻һ޳
ԲŵзţűĽ
Ҳ˵ĳֽǶϽŲġ
ʼգ޳һˣһ޲©ġߡ뷶ţʵȱһɵġ

Ȼαˡ
ͷʱлŴӾתȥǧķӼ䣬һ˲ãȻ
ͷۣϻؽɶȻۺҪۡ
ΪεУлҲǡһεеĹ»꣬СͯũٵߣﻻһһݣʼնߣӲ뿪̫á
һּû취о
ǧ嵽жٴεֻأ뾡նˣԽԽҲ޷
ĸǣĸֶǣʱһΪʲôҶԷˣֻʣ¡ôԼԼͷԿ̽κŶزҲϴȥ
ű˵ûϵȴˡ޳ɣȥۺ㡱
õл˵Բ𣬵󿪿ڳŵģȴǡ£ڡ

лʱ򣬷Żûѡ
л룬ԼΪҪܱϢ
Աţлˣæʵôô
ԣлʶͷ˷һۡ
Ȼǿˣòܸ뷶ŵľʱԨԴǲҪעģٴǰС
ڲǰлһ򲻻ϾǱ˩һϵơ
ҿ
ӭŲԽŵĿ⣬л԰ѷ˼Ӿгأʮֳٻشʱκͷݱ
Ϊʲôл֪
ȷʵڷǸ￴ģһ
ΪûԸ⾭µصκͷ˰š
κǸĵĵطÿ춼߹ȴ˻ͣ
лȴܻῴţûв顣
лţͨ£ٶһơ
ٻϯضһֳֽһžƺƲذԼ糺죬һ˫ۿããģԽ꣬ʲô
ˣлʵ̲ס棬Ĵյȥ
л˵ǡ
ǲˡ
ʾ䣬ȴƽȿ϶һɣƽ͵سһʵһѾȷԼ˵ʵ
ԣұš
лһֳ򢣬СĻԼ󲻷ŹκһϸڣãżԲԾһЩ£µ£ַǵؿŹأֲ
ʲô£صûؿŹصأ
лԴ˺벻ͨ
л벻ͨһƬĳĬУҲֹ
Ȼ˶벻ԵɣԼ֮ʱļģһƵɤ
ԭǷˣһԱߣϢ˺ܾá
ŵĪںն磿
֮⣬ϻʲô󡱣ûٷǵؿŹأ
ǡ
ն£گô
ĥţͼһԵĲȻҵûȥˣʦѾ˵ҵȥһкЩ
˵űҪ뿪ƬҲ϶
ֻǰлϼ̨£˸ӡ
ȻʱܶôӣʦֽӽضÿҵʣԹˡ
лҪ˵



93 Ӽ
Ϊʵڿʲô, Ҫʱоʱû⡪ֽҲлԼԤϵ˵ġ
֮⣬⻹, ڶɽŵЩþǸٵķţʵҲʵڹ
˵ǻȥġ
ԭлĵֻغ͵ߴֻض޽磬һҲûСһ, л˵, ǰװϰʱ⡣
ٲл, ʱ˼װɷŵģȥл͡ҩΪǼӹԼлϵ, л
˵ΪʲôɷŵģΪлֻضڷ, ܻЩڹ׽С
仰֮ǻٷ˼, ڼ־μӹ, ˵ʱû, ܲܳ׽⿪ÿ
, ҪȰµ뷨вͨ, ׵ķ, ǾԹҵ, ǣȫȰ˵ٻͷǰûԶ֣⿪
ˣǰ˳ˣͷżԹò跨ס˳СĿס٣ûܳϹڣҲǷֹȷ
ôţлͲ󣬱ŷţͣЪһԹĵص㡪羰Ľˮ硣
·ϣѾǰԵʣлͷ֮Щ֣˭Ҳû˵
һģ󣬵׻лȱסһԲ
Բ𡣡л˵ѵƲţҲ֪ԭǺһˣҲ֪ʵһֱߡ
ȴֻǲÿɷذ˰֡
ûʲô˵㲻֪ԼҲ֪ǷżŵĶ̫ʵˣһΪġ
˶٣̧һǼ⣬ȻЩ޷ݵĸһڲ׵ԨȻʲôװˡ
ûϵ˵һֱ˵ģʵֻ֡
ˣ˼ʱֵرƽͱ˵ڣ˵лͷŴ˴мϢҪκͷǴμŵĸ࣬ȴӦ˵ûзӦ
֮⣬֮еһһУȫеȱڣȻ˳µؽܡ
£κԶǲ԰ģֻֻǣһ֣Ӵ˱øˡ

˵˴ˮ絹ȶɽůͺܶ࣬Ҳƣǡ˸оĳ̶ȣȲ̫ĮҲûй顣
֮лָͨһ·׷һˮƽ˳СԣȴСդܵȦ
żͯˣҲᱻﾾŶؼУɨź֮
ľ飬³лԶԶվţʶϸϸɨһƬȴδκ쳣
ͨСӣ˺ˮЩ֮⣬ûκر֮
ȷȷʵʵһڶɽʱʱʱ𣬶һֱţԽԽ
˵ˣһֻǲ֪ںδȡ
ţмŲ긾˴߹߱£˽
Ȼ˵Сܲסл⣬ػͷе̸ݡƺйڼȢġ
Ǹ˵ȷǱ˻ôΪʲôᱻ˻ͷǰ첻ظ۴Ʊ˵Ǹ϶ʵʵĻƻŮô
ԼϸǸ˵˭֪أͷΪƭǮϹİɣ˼ˮ˵ˣȢ֮²ɹںӽھͿȥˣǧץЩ˴㡣

ӣһһģлֻ˸ţ״˴źˮСƵϰףȢס
˵ʵڻл꣬־ֱܶ࣬ԺȢСϷֱǵ
л֪ǳпɽɽˮˮϰߣһЩˮСΪӻͨÿ̶ʱ䣬ΪѡһŮӣ޸¸ΪǱԼԺľη
ңûǴĻӲͬ¸ĹһҲͬ
ºЩģĳӴƵߣԼװɺģͱѡеŮһʽޡ
ҰЩģŮӱᱻͶӣں
лǵãǰɷУҼź£ԹǸŷϼɫ˫ƫƫȫգһ˫û۰׵ۣ޲ţСƵģǰסᡣ
һĵҲһֳ׵׵ıΪԴǱͶ𣬵ȴǵģעǴзǿĺ񣬶ֻбĺˮ
ôһ룬л㿪ʼе⻹ٽԹڴ˴ԭˡ
Ϊ˴кӼǡǰѻͶֻ˼ȷ޽ɷĵط
ǡ龿ô˵ء
Ӽˣлʵеˣ˸̾һ䷲ǵ֪֮⣬Ҳûдˡ
һ㣬лȴûͨ
лʵŪףΪɶЩΪӵǣĬϺǸеء
仰˵ٵĵɶˣͲ˼Ǹ
͹˵вɣֲйﶼǸ߻ۺ̡
˵ˣȲᲢÿﶼкһ򲽽ÿﶼУĸеûʷҪأⲻ밤ô
ĬĬ²ˣлת뺰ڴԴƬ̣Ըˮȥ̽̽ȿأͼûˡ
ȷе˵ûˣƾԼаСԲɹһȺڲ£ȥˡ
˵ģƺԽԽˣϲܸ֮軶ӭĳ̶ȾֱŪлЩʧ衣
ڷڴ󣬺ܿˡ
ңȻлԤϵǰ㣬Ӽйء
˵ǽѡˣǴӣǺŭ±꣬ûҪˮŴѡ
Щ˵ˮǴ˴źӼˣѾаʮ꣬ͨ飬з
˵ǰץεİ취һλĵĸС޹ȥû뵽С㾹ȻڴǰϦ͵͵ܳȥԼ˽ͨºӼʧܣ±ꡣ
İΪֲִǮòظȥҲȫ˻ˮ˵֮Իᱻ˻أԼΪǰûнԺá

ֵǣͬǱ˻أȴֻеһˣȻҲŵðհɵ˵ǰԲȴǻŻġ
˵⣬Ŷ˶٣̧лĿ⣬Щղ
лҲ㷽Ҳ̽ˣû񡣡
ֻһձãûɷȴȻټȫ޵ġС㡱
˵Сһûа취ǰټ
ԹܴнڷǰԼαװɺʩ±꣬ƭӸĻ
֪ˮˮܵҵһֻʵ֮󣬷ֻذ


94 ͵
СŶ, ô
Űв²³õʲôӣƳںӵװʱ, ȴлȻʵΪôȥûأ
Թû˵ֻԼˮ
קһȥĻ˾, ôˡС㡱, ͱһǺһ, ׼ӲӵСأ
ѵĪǡ
лһţһʶǡ
Ҫ֪СɽһƲл꣬ڿɻء
˵ʵڵ, ûоɽһУлʱ治룬жСɽôǰ֮ڣл㲻òˡ
ͬԼ, ƭΪ͡ƷͬѲʵļƷ, ԭⲻһŷء
л, һ, ƺͽڶɽеЩ֮ͬ
ٴӱϿһġ
ô, лҪؿ˿, תͷԷ˵СŶ, ںӵֵ, С㣬㿴ǲǺ֮ǰĽᰡ
ԼǰˡƷٵ͹ֻڽθİգǼƷ˭СȴᣬСȫϹ¡
Ȼˣֲ²ҲֻڡǶСǰ¡л룺ʵֻһѰɽҰȨԼû˵
ֻһֻѰǿΪʳǵü񰮳Եĳ԰ɡ
С㣬ԹΪԼѡһƷĻ
ҶףǸ֮⣬ЩˮΪԼѰʱκҪ󣬿һҪ󣬱ֻ˵
˵⣬лһ٣ů͵Ĵͷ£ңңǰ浴΢ˮӡ
ĩˣˮȴɺ䣬ϸᷢǺˮﻹ಻ױ˲ģϸıꡣ
ĩĳ︴յʱڣ˭뵽оһƬ˪
µļ仰лû˵Ѿ˼ˡ
ʣ㻳ǸС㡭ͲΪֻزȥҼƷΪǲǣ
ԣлصһͷ
޹ΪĳЩԵͶ̥뿿һЩаŷӣԼаӴӣǰҲû
ͨ˵ԩϣЩǰЩԨԴˡ˵Щǵ֡
Ǿ仰еĲ²⣬ǽںӵ˾Сǰ¡
Σлֽ˵
Сڱ֮󣬵ҵԹôԣҵЩԹһԵԱõţͷԻ硣һиʱҼƷˡ
˭ǱеļƷô
л˼룬üȻλͨˮһҪаռȥҲ˵λСҵļƷܿҲһλŮӡ
仰˵ܾܿΪŮӣŵС
ǡҲе㲻ԡ
ΪСҪƷ跨Լαװɺ񣬡ּ⡱ˮĻΪʲôֱӶˮԼҪ˭ǵˮﵽأ
벻̫ͨҡ
ԻǱˣֱӼ򵥴ֱһ㣬ȫǵŮӶһ飬˹ƭС
ֻô󣬾ôĲء
ʱлͷۣ֪ôӺδʱҲǸɣӭѾߴС
СﶼʮͣɫСȹͷΣòмǸòǳҲá
ֱл΢΢ףСѾͷķ򿴹ȥһۣúмǸ
ĿԣлסƬ̣СЦӯӯضԼһͷһģ
Ҫǣմһ
ι㿴ôţ౻ָһ£лһ˲תͷͼҲֱضС
ȻѾܵˣУǰЩ֪ԼҪˣȴҪΪԼϴȥֽٵһ
˵ŻСѾЦԶˡ
ԼԼģлǸ԰ЩģֹһȥмС䣬еǡ
˵СѽҪʱͲͣգүĻٰͰ͵ܳͷ¶ô
ȻȰȴܲ⣬ЦƵģ淳ƣתͷԵСѾԹ̲סˣȥ˵ҲǴӦ˵ѽ˵ˣȺӼһҺóף뿪⣬Ҳ
ҡʲôѽƽմŲŲģиûϵңֻҪܹס죬񷽲ڴĿŵĺС㣬˭֪˭ѽ
л
˵⻰ôе㡭ĪĹŹأ
Ȼл̧ǰգСѾͷֿѹ϶ضֹһ䡣
ˣСˣǰӼ޸ǸأҪңͳոЩֽǮȥˣ֪ô
лҪ˵
е̣дͶϲǡ
ͶɽһзתǼ򵥵Ĵ׼


95 
ʲôС, ޸ӲǸ橣
էԣ, л顣
ѯ̫ˣҲֳ鷳˼ȥлȲźۼأ̽һ̽С濡ļ䡣
Ȼ֪̽, һ̽ȥ, ̤Ьٴ, ȫѹ
ԭϣԳС濵ģС橡ǱͶ˺ӵģʵһС濵Ѿߡ
Ϊ˱, л˳ϣĸСȥĸ̽үļ䣬ȻǴջ
֪, ŸԸϲõĲ죬ͬ˿ͬһ, вͬĿ, ˽һ, ֻһԶԶģ÷Ķʼ, ܴǸķϢ, ɾɾ, ƴճģ
Ʃ, ⳡĺӼһ
лϸ̽ˣ֪СǺСһģСϵͲңСļУСԸȥƷġ
СţһҹͺȻܽ棬˵ˮҵǩӣҪȥӼ
ʱСҲڣ⻰һ¾Ͱˡ
⻹ģǣĻڣֻʣһ²ˡ
йأδ޵ŮӣҪǩСڰǩӷŽʱԼǼԡ
Сʵ벻ͨԼ˸ǩôᱻˮѡ
̹˵޸£˵󣬿ɵЩӵģܿȥ
С㲢ľôˣһǸڷˡ
ȥС濣ץС濵֣ضС˵С濣СףҾֻãðһѣȥ硣
޸УܲĪˣܵһ£ǰԸ
Ƕ̣ŷ֮˵ţҲϡɣֻϲ磬á
ԣһҪȥӼҲǰȥһ棬ݸãԼޣĿ
ҲǽɣСһᵨСƽʱͱ˶˵Ƥң죬Сô˵֮󣬾ȻĵصͷӦˡ
ֻһ㣬СͬضС˵С㣬һûҾˣҲᱻүڳŪһΡ
ԴˣС㵱ȻǵͷӦ
ֻԭûܣ׼
ȻﲻţΪһҹ㣬ʲôʲôǺģһк˽ߵ£
ʵֻܳȥݸãȻͻ˶ѡ
ԣ³ǽǰظ֮ʱϳ˶һ֮⣬δκι֮¡
˭뵽أ
˭뵽ȻĻļңļҵˣСڣƺĬϣ˴γԼһٻˡ
ļΪ׼˽õĴֻͨ˴ֻһ͵ܳȥ´󼪡
˭Ҳû뵽
֮С濺ƭţһůʱѾ֮
ѾѱµģĴض˵ѾͷСǺӿܿ࣬ȥӼˣӽ㣬ȥ˷סɡ
ڣĻҲûе顣
֮ܶش֮£С濣ס˷С濳¹ļҵء
Ҳ֪£˵ȵһж䶨ˣʹ뿪Ӵ˻ط
Ϊ£СһֱǸмŵģһúûȥС濵Ƿһ
Ȼ󣬼ƻϲϱ仯ܹ׼ʱȻ˱꣬úˮĳ֣շˣҲʱ
ԭ֪ôģǰ͵͵ȥǼ£ͼӴ׵˵ȥˡ
ԭǴű֣꣬̿ΪǺŭҹҵˮ˽һ£гѾ췹
͸¸Ǵ£Ϊ֣ˮﵱҪ³ǩѡӼңںӼδ֮ǰˮ·κ뿪ӡ
Ǳ֣СͲסƣ͵͵ܳɵĽ
ⶼС࣬ʵʲôأ
лĸ￴ĸԼŮ͵͵ȥС濣ԸԸСȥӼ
ĸСδµвС濡ĸԸȥΪȥĸɱС濵á
Ҳ˵СʵǱȼ޸ġ
뿪ʼ֮ǰΪ˷ֹ¶ĸС濵ͷҲ˵ҲԶڵĻᡣ
ΪȷϢʵԣл̽ĸСļ󣬻ͷű·ȥ˱ŷӡ
һѾȫˣ飬̽ʲôһȴǰ衣ݷ˵ǸӣﶼϵãȴԼںӵ׿ģһŮ˵
ͺǰĺ¸ͬɫ԰ף۾һƬϼºѪһرڱӵףȴԲľʹϨĻ
Ļл£Ů˾͸С濡

̽ǸȷʱַϾĻ֮лͷŰܲĶˣѾǵڶˡ
һ磬лԼھӱ߲Զһ£ĵȷŻͷųֻ鱨
ҿŮˮȻСץһףˮԼһ˵Ů漴ˣ䱻жϣû취֪ϵ¡
Ҳ֪ԼС濿֪ԼҪˣˡ
ˣӵµС濾Ҫ˭ֱԶ׼
СҪС㡣л롣
ǰˮϸһֱûڴ̫·ɫݹһȥʮֺÿ
˵䣬л䷶ǰ˼ȥһĺˮ
ˮģл֪лҪֹŻ벻ض޷ѾԹҩô
ԣлס˽ţûǰߡ
ǰҩȴ޽𵤣Դӳ֮ôˣҲָࡣ
ֻǡ
֮࣬л˼شۣ̯ġֻ˼һһشɫƻԾȻϣסҡҷ
ֻл벻ͨΪηŵڻָˣȴܵȼƻ档
ⲻ
ΪѾֳַȥˡ
仰˵ͷŵָЩ㲻ڷš
ǳ˷֮⣬ǵԼԴ
ţѽˮСĴأӦصݵлǰ
΢ĺϮΪ˾ĵСػһ˲Ϩлһ飬ͼǵˮǱģһҲû
ƣѾʩԼģǱġü
Ȳ´̫ɹҲ¸£ôþõضԼҪ˵û⣬Ҷš
⻰лһ˲Ȼ˼ԼսָĿУһʱûܷӦ
Ƭ̺󣬵лڲͷԻ磬ŵѱպˣָԳһںڵĽɫ
лŻˣæһѴ䷶ˮüҪֻ̽ůɳ±㹻ˣαôȣȻֻƻǣֽҲѽ
Ȼֺۣαʱš
ȴû⻰
һҲԼպ˵ָ⣬лԼָţ̽ȫ£Уʵ˵أûУ
֪ŵӣлֻõ˵ͷûΪСºͷžۡ
Ȼʱű󷽷ذָ¶ʮָǰ͸죬Ư˳һҲչĺۼ
ҷ룬ں־£С濲ܳɹ㿪ҵ̽飬Լ޺ۼںС
һ˵ţһ淴ָָӳ
˺ܾö벻ͨһȻ򣬷Ҷһ£Ǿǡ޽磬Ҳܻһ츳ʺеˡ
˼ǡ
ҵ˼ǣС濺ܱܿǸһ츳ˣԹǷɣԼˮӣȫȫںһ𣬻ˮˡ
ҲֻˣҲֻˣΪһӶʱ򣬷Ͳױ⾿ˡ


96 
˵Ĺ, ǵ̲ݼϣڱҶƬ棬˲˪
, ˪һ㣬һһĲҶְԼͻغС
ΣлǶһ·ȥСֹ㿴, ʵǻġ
ԲС濶ںӵײ, ǡ
СѾӡ
Ȼʶ, лǵһΣ޽Сô츳ˣȻʦͨʶɽں, 
ֻһϢذС濴ӺƳɾˡ
ܲʩӶɲǣ
ôһ˲䣬лܶܰС濴ӺƳķ, ȴΪ̫ա
, ͼɴķźȻа취ˡ
л
Ȼ, û˵, лѯʣűԹԵԶ, Ƭ̺, ٻʱ, Ѿһˡ
ΪǶȵԭ, лǴ˷Сϣϳ±ſǱˣС橡
ţȥСһ
˵űһ˦䣬Ǹ˽磬ֹ·޹˵ȱ
л
䣬ʲôлһ¾ͻˡ
СŶһ㣬ϹأлæȰ˵ͬʱʩ⿪žĲõĽ磬УڣԲôף
ʩ̧һ룬βⲻƳϸ׵ָ⣬ʱûˡ
ΪģҪǷס橲ӣĴָָͲ橵ĺϣഥȴö˶˵ġء
ţĻͦء
л
է澰л˲ˣ׼õȰ˵֮Կ˿ǣ㬱͡
СǼٵģǲñʲôġΪǻˣôţһ߸ʬˡ
˵أżʹ⣬ǸʵʵĹȴҲ϶ϲû
ֻ͸ձսãȴԸˡ
ļģŵĴл࣬ס
ޱĵѽ
ǱƳһۣлʹɫҸո֮ȥС˶ΪСţ橣ѽ
лУԭ˽ˡ
ԭ˸ٶҪֵ߳Сʵ̸ϵԲ뿪һᣬС˸ܳվƤӵ£
ĬлֻҪһͷŶۣ֪Ŷʲô⣬ĽͶФ˵һоڲС
ҲɰɣȻ˵㣬ǹð
ϾС뻯ԼаǾͷǵð橳ȥɡ
ô޴ջǰлС濻ܱǣ̲
仰ֻ֮ҪС濿¶棬ʣµ¾ͺܺðˡ
ôţлȥûõ죬ֻˡˣܵĴʶһһ׵ģΪϷ棬ڰҲû
ţҶ̫ʧˣڣﻹаɵӣһֻĶлҡͷ̾Ϣѹ˶޳棬ֶΣҴǰţȴǲòˡ̫ʧˣ̫ʧˡ
ţ
ΣųĬһ¡лѱ湦̫ˣûӻ˽ȴٴˣ㻹ǱɣֱӶҡ
лôǣҪװôľ仰˵ˣ
лվ£巶һüм
лŴ˵ҧгݵζ˶ʧУǼװܣҲʧ
˵ϣлһ£˲㷴Ӧ˹
֮󣬽űΡ
СŶģҸվ˵ģܲš
ûġ
ţΪʲô˵ˣ
ûģԼǳ³̲֮ס㡣
лԣСŶʱضܸЩϲ
лͷĴٶ˵鷳ʵҲһգ۵¡ⶨ£лҲǸĥˣ̧˦Ǽ䣬ȼŰͬ۾һ׷ŲȥҪ˵ļơ
ŷӦҲܿ죬ۼлУŵײһûлԿֻƵȥֱӱߡ
Ȼ󣬷žһ£̧һǳɣͺľȱһ
ֻͨһģĿܱϸ

лͷŵԤϣǿܲûˮɣƽƽͻص˰ߣͺǡһεСһ
ˡ
ѵСҪģȻ͵ȥ˵橣
ôأСҪ橣Ҫ˭Ҫ֪֮ǣ橿ϣΨһСˡ


97 ˮ
״, лһӦСϳ˿ǼٵģַòؾԹΣƫÿζʧ, ǻѴ㹻ԼĿҲɡ
һʱ˽֡
ߣлͷ۵Ų˵ĪСҪģʵǻ, Ǳ
ȥõ츳̸, , ֻݺݱǸصˣҲǲܡ˵ĻԵĿǳ
һʮС, ֶʲôС
һܽˮΪλһֱˡ
Ͼǰͷ˵ģʹƾǿ, ܰԼʱαװɺ񣬿Ҳ޷˵, ֻһζطŭ
ˮ￴, ŭ, ɲǲӵף
ôţлֽĸ˵Ŀ, ү, ٰһһ, ˵˰ɡ
ǻС
֪ô, ȻлѾԼĿܱСϳС濾˵ʲôܻЩܶСͻء
ʮγлˡҪǺͷװܣװ̫ۡ
һлںӰϥ£žվš
ȻһĹ򻹲ˡֱˮȫȫβģֻЬҲû
һʱ䣬лұվŷţһʮžˮġʬ塱һȥʮ׳ۡ
лȴŪˡ
ãлŰעšʬ塱ŲʷţʵڲУͻȥһˣ
ԣҡͷ
ˣԹһӦԼˣˣŭҲԼҪĶô죿ʡ
лòУ޲ֱӰѺӵƹ
ҲҪҲУСôȽỹ鷳Ͳ۵ͦ࣬صùġ
벻ͨأȴźȻˣЩˣˣˮԶܺãǰǸȥӼӣǰųʯġ
Ϊֻбʯͷȷӵȥ
ѵѵЩûʯͷС濴п
ôһѣлҽһѡ
лԷĴôţҾСĸڿүϣڻаʯͷȥӡվţһжסǧܷŹκη紵ݶ
ŵȻ⣬һûл˵ټлӦ߬ţ֮£ҲͲòɿˡ
֮ͺܼˣл渽һųʯ˺ӡ
Ϊ˲¶л÷ΪԼ˿ܴصʯͷҲúΡ
Ƭ̺˶ȫȻڱˮ˲䣬лۣԸԳоһ
һͻ⡣ţлǰȻƾԳһɱ˪۶ɵŮΣȻЩģȴҲɼüĿ㣬С濡
һзĶܿ죬л֪ڵʱǷһĻȷСѱɱˣͨ͸Яźһˮһβһ㣬ο
Խ˪ɫʵñԽ졣ȵߣ־ʱСһ£īɫƬ̿ϲ԰ֽԼ͸һɹޡ
ҪǣСϣȷʵһӳԹ
ʯ䣬лԼĿ꣬Զ־лʱ˫һƬСȴֻĽףͷ
Сʱûͷ˵лһ㡣
ȴܲףСʱΪλգŴ۾üͷţһ˳˳ãǸͷ·˵ô㣿ôˣ
ǲΣС濾Ȼû˺
ô˵׼ȷС濲û⿪ؿڵĳʯ
СھȻһֻû۰ף䣬ͷƮһƬŮȣȷʵܲãСȷʵھ
ڡ
С濵ָ津ĿڣΪһܻסǻС
ôһ˲䣬лȻ뵽˷財ӣʵСӺǵСĿˡ
ֹһЩʱлָֻɣоС֣ʹ϶
һֻԹĹȻȳˣַлеˡڸոո֮лԥ֣ҪץС濵һ½ǣһϰ
ֻϧָ֬ɫǹٿһᡣȻ󣬻ӦС濱˾һʧˡ
СʧеǣΪ£ں¶˵ͷ³ȥı㲻ôõķţȻֱǣӺһ˳
֮󻹲㣬ҪﶪֱӰѺӸըˡ
л
˭ģҸʲôţ
ŶˣҸոΪȥƭСġ
һ̣лȻηѣæɤӳ巶Ŵ󺰵һȣȲҪըӣ
ƺӺСѺըˣ͸ˡ
˵СŶ֮£ƺ顣
˵ţһͷȫȻ˷ڰ裬˵ʲôȻڽǰѶŪһЩҲûʲôգ
лѾ˲ôˡ
ΪлֵֺĸоֱֻҪˡˣС濱ȡ
ɡãȻл鼱֮£ȴһҪ⣬ǾǡС濼ѾˣӲˣȴҲЩӵġ
仰˵С濸ձͷôһ˾˿ټôҲðȻˡ
ؼʱ̣Ƿڽ֮£ǼԺĴʵ˵žȻ㣿
źˮŵʵģС
лһ澡ӵڣһʩͷŽ̸ţʼûͷ
лҿС濻ǺõģֻҪ˱ɱȡ
˶٣ָѾӵףһɳ
ֻǺܲңձƭһΣ񲢲ϵ
һ󳤾õĳĬ
ΣǸолһҪС濣һִ󣬲ԸƵľģźȻȷֻҪں
⻰ʱл˼ѰСϣѹû𴦶룬ԱڴʵȷϹµģֻҪһܼܵԣϾˣܲÿֶɣ
䣬ļģлʲôƵģɫһݣҲ˲С濣ƴϸȥͬʱ˫֡
СŶˮģǧ𡭡
Ϊȥıء
ɵˣ˼ҲҲûõģ
ôأңֻҪˮͺˣܹܲҵҼף˵ء

Ĳˮᷢ
ͨ
µĻлû˵꣬Ϊˮ棬Ȱ취ʱһԾ㲻
ǵʱѾԽԽˣŹˣͲˡü૵Ұ㡣
ΪҲˮҲۣµ㲻ˣòײŻߡ


98 ִ
ŵ״̬ʵܲ, ȫҩѹƣ˵ƽպʲôҲ£һˮ, ǳԲ
СҲʶˮںֻҪʶ
˵ʵСʱ, л֪, ضĶˡ
ΪйһСѵǰ֮, лٴ⣬һֻסŵͬʱѰϢСʶ, ʾ˪ɫ֮ʱһٽס
ƻ˳СǱӵԻסˣȻ˿лľ, л޵οһСķΧ֮, κĻᡣ
Ƭ̺, лѾѷ±˰, ͬʱﻹһİ͸ӨСƿ, ƿװС濡
ƿǱлʩû, һȥ, ϺƳ, խ¿ûпڣƿϻһ㵭ɫľл䡣
֪һܷĿռڣˮҲȥ
ץ֮лûѶʣǵһʱѷ˲ķƽŵϣιֳҩ
ҩ󣬳һűһţллܾãͷʵûʣ̫ʱˣſʹȥҩҲһܰҩꡣ
Уŷʵ̫ˣһʱż~ϣ٤ֲҷţֻ޴վǡּ尾ʵںĥˡ
òװѷŰٺã÷ŵɫֺôһ㣬лת˼С濻ˡ
ȻһͷȴСֻǰ͸İƿﱧϥţίͰ͵ģҲ֣Ǹ۸ƵģӲҪǮһµȫȻаħǰŰҲûС
лһ
ʵ˵ʹѾȷСھˣһֻԹлҲûţոˣֻǰ¡
СССһֻƿɪɪĿлȻһ֡ԼǸ˵Ĵ
ǡ˿ɰСֱƯѩ顣
ź飬ء
ء
ô˵ɣű͸һЩĺ飬С濻ǳ˴СʱһۿȥȷʵɲֻаƴСʱһξӤűֻʣ¿ɰˡ
ңлעȫڷϣû̫עС濣˿ϸȻС濵Ժ飬ƺЩһ
˵ףС濵۾ʵȫڣﻹص˪ɫȻԣȴлܵסƬ̣ٿȻԼӰЩƮ㡣
ҲڿС濵۾֮лŸ϶ԭ治ʲôаħ
ֻϧѾȷС޺лҲҴƿӣΪС濵ĵʵ̫СˣеľԱζ
޷лֻһָƿڣۣԼȥ̽С濵飬Կ˵
Ȼĺܴ󣬵̽ķʽѯõϢһ򶼱ø׼ȷЩ
һƬУлԲСһͷӴʶУִ
ȻӳģȴֻһƬããѩ
ѩѩѩãл첽Ƭ·Զ߲ͷѩֻޱȡ
Ȼлʶߵ÷ˣʱǰȻƾճһÿ
иľ裬һСӤл߽ЩٿӤСڴװһҳƵǴ׵֡
ʹģлӤһͷͼԼϣѲ֪ʱүĳѡ
ӤһۣһƬڣǱˣС濡

ã֮󣬼ϺȻһֻ֡л͵ۣѾˣͷ
ǰúõĽѾɢˣлȻС濵Ļ죬̶̼꣬㽫Сһס
ԭСǸӣﵱ껳ʱϵˣȴûǸĹײı֮ǰ˳
һѩ죬æȢ·ˣһʱͱû룬ڿһ˫û۰׵۾ʣ°ҲǱŵ࣬ˣҪʹӽӵ
ү˼ҡңүû.ǸĹӣǮΪۼһȫäСϹӣԿһ˵Ӱӣ·ж볣죬ʮֳ谮
֮㱻ĸ£ÿ㸮Ǹ㲻ļСˣСѾߡСԼպһҪСͬһޣֱˮ˺Ӽǩӡ
УӼǩӱĵүһպͰģɫصؽ˵С濣ھ㱨ҵʱˡ
ҲֱС濲ףԭүԸ˿֮⣬Ϊָܹ㣬֪ĳ֣橵һעֽ١
ңһʵʮǰ㿪ʼıˣ֮Իᱻү²ܳ¶棬Ҫ·֮գݡ
Ϊűգү׵լλãͬĸвͷ
ү֪ʵѲǵø˭ҲںǸδıãֻǺѹΪʮϰ˽үԼ׿;ء
仰˵ûүıȣԭҲôġ
ȥ
οȻ壬ү˵Щв֮Եʱǲŵģ߬˫֣ҲһƬʪ
֪үʵǱϿװ飬ͷӦỽ㹻ˡ
ͷԼģΪ¡С˵֮󣬵˵ص£ͻصµ˵ԩԼʱᷴڣὫһ¶ٺгΪԩүƾױܶ
Ǻӵʵ̫ˣеĻҪ䡣죬ʯںӵףȴ޲Ȼͺˣɷ
ЩԹӶһϲŭ仯ϹӴ˱ɲɣںӵؿãٻʱı载£
ȥˮȴ֪ˮʵǸƭӣѹͲͨ顣˵״ˮĿѾ޳аԼֻΪסƣģˮֻö⳶ѣһһεظӣϣܾʹ˰֣ӦЩ
ôհֻܾȡ
ǣˮһһһپһֱ̫ãӺͿˣȴҪЩˮ֮ˣ
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ٱаٱ˺£ҲˮΪѡʽˡִ
ȴ˵



99 
ƿС濻ڿ, ѻƵĳϣһʵˮģҼ
лſ, оԼͷˡ
л룺ٻǺֶΣԹɷϣ
ǶڶɷϣǵðˣȻⲻ˼ζս, ֻҪӮ, ǿнԹҪ, ù˼ǸǵúŶԷԹС
ͱȷ˵, л벻ôȰСȥͶ̥ΪС濵ͷѾûˣǵִԶҲ˵ˡ
СƿССӰ, лܷգûסһƿӡ
ι, ȥͶ̥ɡлС˵ұ֤±ӻúܺá
, Сż, ̧ͷһۣ֮ͷ, ޵ȷŸˡ
л
л޷, ֻתͷ, ͷüͷСԹѵ˵ʲô͸ùԹȥͶ̥, ⸱ӣĸܲ£
ֻɫӵؿϰûڡ
ãл÷ŻĬףԸ뷨ӽʱȴһתȻѵûһǾá
ðڵӣȻ
֮⣬ȻС濿壬үĿȰС濿ȥͶ̥ܶմ
С濵ľ״̬ܴȻүô˵ᴥ顣
Ǹоͺǡ
Ѿһˣ˵ĵ󲻰ܹߣᷴٺƵģίˡ
ôһѣлŻȻæѿӻͬʱһѻ˰ɵʮܣֻԼͷţС濡
лλӣǹ󻻵ģûٿܻС濣˵ʵǹ⻻С濿ġΪѾץˣûҪټװϷˡ
ȻֹһᣬС濲˰Ƶģ֪ӦԼľٿˡ
ۼСѾָǣлæָ֣ƿϵɫľл䣬С˲֮⣬㻹ʲôԸô
лôʣƿСֲ¼ηŵͷûش
ƿӣлΪСû壬һ顣
ûش
ųԵʣСԹҲ˷ΪƸΪı£ȴʲô£̧ͷۿһл
ڹ򲻸ˣлõŬ֮СֻС֣ƿϡ
Ҳͨ΢΢ĽӴлһ㵭İˡ
Сү橡
˶֣١ϣġİܽͷ
˼ˮǰ֮ѾðȻ˭ˡ

Ҫֻؾ͵ǣңҪǣҾ͵õóԸΣлָźۼȥָǵ㺮⣬תͷС濵ԸԷźг
Ƚ֮л˵鷳ˡ
ΪС˶Σ෴Сȥү£ʵʵ֡
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ү
֮ȻүᶨΪԼС濣ְѴ¶ؿƿôС濺󣬻Сʵȥȥ֪ģ
һүʱС濱ֳη壬ֻһ˿һĽ䱸СָԴ᲻˶ʧȥǣһֻ
Դˣлʵںûա
˵С濱ʵǸûԹˡ
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ÿͷͱһͷѹȥ
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죬ɫŹ֣óΪ֪лԸ⣬ԲûֱԸϿС濻ؼ¡
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˶٣еصͷ
үǱߣҡʵһЩϿ£ţ֪ϦǺϦҲǲСѾˡ
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лб۾ɫشŷţΪʲôϿ£ţѵƣ
ǡ
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Բиܼǵõġ
ҲҲףʱÿÿӭȥһ棬㾡һҵһ棬ȴֺ̫̫㲻̫ãҪȥһֻˣҲ͵͵ڳ㵱κͷϿ¡
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˵ŻǺлٲʲôæһģë׵СƤݸл
ˣҸľǡʱҹ۵˯ţͳһ֮󲻽˯ţһҹΡ
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лʶ߬СƤϾɲ
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ţлڣ˾ûӰˡ
л
ͷβҲ廰лֻίίͷС濡
ȻСȴлȻʲô˼ֻ˫ֺʮظлһίı顣
л
лС濰С濣ڲŷ֣ԭ˿ɱľͷӦˡ


100 گ
뵽Ҫ, лͷŷͷжʱлСҪõĿ, Ҳιү橳¾ǡ
չ˳С䲻˵ȴԸ˼ңү橣ΰѼүΡΡͷ, ˵˺ЩԲ
, үиġʵôЩ, һֻѰİèҲиˣСϣġСҪĴ࣬һֱܱ΢
˵䲻, ΪС㱻ΪүһŮǸȥģʲô
ֻҪүǹ, Ǳ㹻ˡ
ʱúܿ죬ת۱ʱԺ, ҹ, ȵһԸ, лŴС濻صӱߣжǡ
ִ, Сʱȫǰò, ҲЩɫ, ֮ʱ, ༸ŮĽΡ
ֻ˫īȴ׺˵ӵ۾û䡣
ҲֱʱлڳϣԭС濵۾ΪۼڣǽҪΪס
ʱСժԼУԲһ飬佻л˵ѹǱʲô
֮üŵġ
л֪Сֹֻأ϶Ҳǲˡ
˵ʵлã٣/|X~_СеɵҪǻִһҪǸֻװŪˮᣬǻļҡ
Ϊһˣûʸ˵Сʲô
ͽ᲻ͬӦʱ仹СڽԹ󣬻ǲδɢȥظǺö˶˵лǰվš
ɫѾˣҲ£ټ񣬵ڶԹҲǲսաлܸˡ
֮࣬лַһΪ޳ƣСֻ֮ǰΪ֯һΡ
ָӨ׹ļģͷٿһף
ϡ·ûꡣ
ò˵ʵ̫ˣǡڷŲúõĽ֮ʱһ˲䣬лЩ£Լͷ˽ЩƭĹѾˡ
ܿ㷢ʵǳͷġ
׼ȷ˵׾ֻ˸죬ʵȴûκζϿյĺɢȥʱڣȴֳһƵ
ңúܣյһʱ硣

ǡگ
Σл̧ͷϣ૵
ڴ˴äҪΪǵһյơ
ӵͷš
گ׾ܼѰ֮ܷǧ꣬ԼܷǴΣ֮ǰگҲΡ
л˾ȵز֪ηӦʱԣŮӵתϳİ
ʣףΪ֯ô
էŴʣлһʱȻæתѭȥȴСѲ֪ʱûɭȻֻʣһȻ˪
գۼ䣬Ѫɫ»Ϊ˪ɴۡС濳㣬üˮӰʮֲ⣬˫δֺȴ˵
ѽҺܿ嶫ˡ
һ˵ˡ
лл㣬ҺϲΣȻǺ᲻ԸȥͶ̥
վС濲ԶѾľл
Ƭ̺󣬻ǷĴлһ£Сʵιôˣ
л
л˵ʵΪ֯Σگô룿
š
ϵı飬ͱøˡ
˭µگСô
ǶС濣ѵǶң
𣬱ڿһҲӵگϾܽӵگʾֻ췣
ɣҺһ

˵ĹǺС濲گʾƵģͷɢȥһ¡¡쳹ء
ӽţƮһָ׸ǴС߰Сüġ
ǡɵگʾ
ԭС濱亱ʮ֮һþǵʮνäۼ࣬Ҳֻһֽ١
˵ˣͺĳЩɮһС濽עࡣΪţܾɼΪƣֲɱɴӴ޳ɵɣƹһΪһλĺ
һв̤ɱǱҲֻôͷˡ
˵Щν츳ҲżȻջͿ顣Ͼ޽߶޲ɵĴ󻷾֮£һССäѾͷƾλ֮õĸǣ
ԭҪС
ֻһһʱƣԹߣӵ˾ԵʱɾͲһʲôˡ
֮еģ߰׻СüģСϵ飬һ˲ͱñһ̣ڶگʾһˣһɡ
ֻǽҹעƽͷŵȴδκһ˯ŵˡң˶мһλ˪ɴ£ɢ˫ǵĺǺ˵ӽҲӼ
лҪ˵



101 
һž׵گ, лյԴһ˲ࡣ
ˣҲճگС濶лңңл, С
ֻ֮ǰ˸£Ŀлϣֹǻкö໰л˵
, СȴֻüѵˡסĶԶ, ĪҪˡ
֮, С˫۾͸ƯˣһµǺӣ¹ӳ£, ȴִ˼ֳŵζ
ڻüͨͨһִܿһЩʱ֮Ķ
ʣлҲôΪġ
ԣлС濻, ֱԷǿһЩġδûʡ
Ϊл, ķ, ķ㡾ְ, ˼˳ֻ, ȴҲǽķԼǡһĶֵء, ҪǸŸԵĵ, Υ, Խ
֮Ȼÿλ˶صĹأС濿ȴԼءȻˣл׷ʣҲûá
оѾܺãû׼ѣΪСӺãûסŶ˵˵ġ
ôţлС濸˱һ·ߣһ·˼ĥС濸ǻ
ʲôĶԶģǧ𽻸ˣ
ϾЩʲôܽ˵ģ
񣬼Ȼһ¡лתͷȥȷƳ䣬ɵιʲôô
ԣлɶͷԣͷˮ
ôˣʲôûĪǸʲôֵ𣿡лʣаСŶܶӿ
ţ
лɻע£ٴ˴лӡ
Ȼᡣ˵˵
лһ˲ˡ
˵ôܻˣ
Ҹոˣﺰ
ⲻܡѽˣ
ǺȻʲôƵģлһţ˲ĥС濷ŸҸ棬һ䣬𼱻ǴһСǴһƬ׵
ˡл룺ǰͷڶɽʱƺ˶СɽһƲл꣬ӾˣȻˡ
񣬿ɲǶСɽƲл꣬ڴӻ˯ѹˣ
ɻ˵ʵһᵽСɽлͷۡл֮ԻȶСɽǿȤڱŴ֮󣬾ǿʣһƲл˲о
ȻȹȣлȴûСɽȻôѡ
ǡôϸȥôҪ֪ͷľ¶Сɽ£ɻûüͬ˵ء
ǲ˵ҪʹϹŰ塭
ô֪˽ţԼѦɽġǧһŵҪƢǧܹۡ
淳ôڴǰ˳¶Сɽ
Ͼϣܱ֮󻹻ŵĶνָ£ֺöȻܶһһΪÿһű࿪һ֡
ԣ׸ôöԳƵĴй٣ƽͽܶСɽûɢʵ
ԴˣлֱյòС
ţͷگɵȫȻʧɫְһƲʷ©¹⣬лۣԼһֻȫڱɫĻСȸλƵسͷŷɹ
ô˵˭˭͵ͷŶܳôˣϼһһֱɽû⴫һšںò׸ţ϶Сɽˡ
˵ʵʱл滳ɴǻǹģֲϣƽҲʲôǻ͸ʲô
Ȼֻϧʻ
һʣСɽΪλ³ϡ
ڶʣʲôʱأɲˣҪչ
һʱ䣬лٿȻ֪جģᣬһŵĻȸ
ɣԲɣл롣
Ȳ˵Сɽ£ôܰչչͷô죿֪Թԩͷǣ˼˵ԹĴǧǺòײŴһģ
УѲƶų۲
лôţתת֪ôģǡԼŵСϣ򴽡
л
лŶ뵽ˡ
ţ
лС̫ëȻûסĬĬΪСɽһ¡
ȻлܿתͷСŶԴ޳Ƿ񻹴δڵκһ٣
š
ֳĬһ˲µл롣
ǵģЩܣԵظ֮²ģҲûһԼ١Ÿ̾
𸴣лЦһСʮֵֿػ˻װŶСɽĲ
üˣھ͵Сɽҵ٣ȻصظҸɻȥҲ˳Ҹ顣
˵Żлָ»ȸС๣ЦģǺƣ˳ٰСϵڻȸצϡ
ȥСһȥʹ˵ҹ⺦ʧԼѶСɽ٣Ҳöȥ롭Ҳ´޴йһҵģ԰ɣ
ϾҪչˣľ͸ڴ޴йˡ
ʲôѵָԻȥ밡ԶԶָһ£Ѿܹ˼ˡҸ㰡СȸĪ˵»زȥܻȥҲҪȥǸۡ
ӴСŶΪʲôңҵ˵ˣû˵һɣɡɸɻɻҲýһݽϰɣҲø۸ϢɣΪĲ˯Ͱ۵ʹˣ

ţ
Цһ߹ȥƨڿ죡˼ôܱӳǰߣأֻҪһᵽɻ˦ˣ
˵⻰ԭһлл֮󣬾ȻΪܷΪ٣һ໽лŶĽţһֳûȸѶСɽĲл˵ظ
ѽ㿴⻰˵ģ߯صҲ˭ӶɡȸߺлίίüСҪǱ˳ңҾͳȥˣֻңҲء
ţ
һֻԼ챻лɢˡ

ۼŷɫԽԽл˵궿ˣЦˣֻ֪ҪһƢͺܲôҺͷ磿
һ˲ӷӦлȽѾһģƵ
ӽţգ֮䣬ֻಡһ죬žȻ֦ʩ˹
žƻ棬֮󣬾ڿƷ֮
л
лǰСŶۿɻûأ㵱Сһҵ棬ֹ/Ȥ̫ðɣ
䣬ȷ˦ӹлȳԼһ͡

ãƶôԽǸñʱԽ̲סƶл˵ллϣ
лҪ˵
лףǰòвýߣϰϰ


102 ƶ
ҷ֮, ǵֽǰסû˦̫ݡ
ûеصôõķֽҪ, ɾ鷳ˣϾл̫ʢֻЩѰǣһգȻȫá
ȻǺ, Ҳ˷ѵġ
, ˾ôһ·׷Ҹϡֵس, лͷȥͼ֪ʲôʱ𣬴λĺˮѾûʲôˡ
СԼķʽ뿪, Ҹǣˡ
ȻñһЩ¡֮ӭȻ⡣
, ֻʣһԹûȡأл÷Űչ, ܵشϢ, 㱨, ʱš
˵ԼѾ˽лķ, ֻлԹռȫ֮, ͷһϻۺַ, ʱһֽ, һβлϵ䣬ǷŵĶ񼲣ⶼΡ
ſһϢлõЦû
µ񣬶ϷԹɾˣֻʣ±
Űָлһ̲ͣһԹĵص㣬ڼ䣬ŵɫһֱܳһ˫۷졣
ݷ˵лƽհʱԹֵģ϶ζҪЦˡ
˵ЩģƽʱʵͲ˯̸Ρ
֮ʱΣǻ岻ȵס
Ȼл˵ϣȻֻһƬ˾סĻĵأԲ֮ڣľʲôԩɷ
ǣл˷ԹƬĵʵһԲϹҵİ飬ʧˡ
ʧľ־ڣͷû߽Բʱ˳ʾһ̤ԲģȴֲˡǴĸ̤ԲĶС
֮ڽ˰˾ŴΣҴδζʧ֮лԼǻˡ
ڶһ·ⷽ棬ŵȻлЩˣ˵֮󣬾ͲˣѰ˴ĵط£ʯۣлԼȥ
˵Щ£Ȼû˵лܿó
лַԽԽ˯ˣڳҩɫ΢ùһ֮󣬷ŵľͻøήЩ
Ǹоͺǡ
˵ڳԵģʱѹסڶҩ˵һֶһǿܾ񣬵ȴĶ
ڣԵڶʮһʱлİˡ
л״æѾķҡָ˵㿴
˵ͬʱһֻŲԼ߹Ľӡֲ̤Բġ
ιȻţûĪȥ
·
˵ʱʱ죬һ黹㶶񣬶˵һ߬סл֣лһ̤ͬԲġ
˵Ҳͦ׵ģһŲȽ֮ǰԲֻһƽƽĻɳɵĲȽȴƬͷĲԴ䡣
ΣùĻþôѾԸˡ

ôţлԷɾ裬ؽС·һֱǰߣһѰҲԹľλãһ治Ծ֮¡
Ϊǰεľ飬л뵱ȻΪԹҲǱһֻᶯɷϣһ·ҵһᶯĶ
Ȼ֮ͬǰ洦ɼ˺͹ʲôҲûУʹ鲼ľȴҲžһء
ֲ֪˶ãлôһֱ߰߰ճߵ䣬ٴߵճһֱ󣬸ƿıлһ֣Ѿ˯˵Ĵ
ɷʵû˯
ֹû˯лߵ÷ˣͣϢһʱŻ˵ˡ
˵Сǵ˸ýֻϧϣ˶С濡
л
ôһ˲䣬леϷŵ˼·벻ͨΪʲôȻС濡
ܱû˺ãΪ죬ٿĸ·ҲȤЩ
лƬ̺󣬱ͷҲصؽӻǲ˵ϣСкñӣʵǳ٣
ǰġŻشƮƮģβת䣬һƬʱߵë
˶ϣƶбȻʵȴǡ
ЩһƣȴЩһ񣬿ȴʲôܵˡˣ˵ͻܷҲ±ӵˡʱҺ±ӹúûǻⱲĿЩźȣʲôϵء

ļģһߣȷŰѻ˵꣬лǺȻ뵽ʲôһٿվסţҴתȥ
˵úܶСŶ˵úܶԣ뵽ˣ׻ΪʲôҪŹˡ
Ҳ»һΪ
һ̣лȫתƼ˷ŵһ˲
ΪлԼһ·ţȻû
ⲻǷţǺۣ


103 Է
л˵Ҳ»򿪹Ź, ԼΪţǼ⣬̫ħ, νĲǲʱδ
ɻЩ˵һ̧ۣͱǰľŴˣĶҲˡ
šʧˡ
ʹǰͬ, һֱǣŷŵ, Ӳɿ
Ǵʲôʱ䡭
ԡԶ, ֣
лʶٵͷͼԼʵͱÿտյʲôҲûˡ
һּĸо, ǿյģȴĸܵ⣬Լϸ崥С
ͺ񡭡ڽ߬ŷŵһ
˵ۼΪʵ, Դ˵Ⱥ˾лȴЩãȻˡ
һ, лۿԼվʵǺ, һ, ¶ȣзŻشʱ, ƮϤ, ȴҲʵŵġ
л֪òˡ
ɿм, ɿҲмơ
ү, ⵽ʲôطл롣
㶵ĹǰվŵĺѾ̧ͷл¶ԼſտյֻһԹ
һ̣л֮ǰʱ۶ñµԹȻۣ͵˹
ৡ
ļģһƿл˦ס۵һٽˤɿ⣬Щ汻ųǹԹմϡ
ֻˤȥֲ֮ҷš
Ϊ֪ЩŹֵĵطþʹͬɱлһĭҽż⣬һʱӭս̬СʵСŶ
ԣġۡԳĬһ¡
ΣлΪԼõ𰸣׼֮ɱʱۡɵطл
л
ллأǰվǷţǺۣΪ۴Ӳ˵
ҺáҺøղû̶֡
һȷлۿɼһ˵ѹأ¾ûвֻµĵԭʱ˿̣Ĳģ˫Ǽٵġ
ͨһлۣ۹Ϊʶϸϸ
ȻʶУֱۡ˷ŵģֻǿƺܽţȫš
л֪ôֻһ֣ʪܵˮ
л
лԣոպȻҵô
źص˵ͷ
ղһתƤͲԣҵʱһܾ͡
ԭô£
ô˵л˼Ƭ̣Һˡ
˵ڸʲô
շ仰е߼һΣ֮ʱͨǰǽͬС
Ȼˣ˵Ϊ˱Լţʡʡİ취ʵڴ˴öô޻аΪޣҲչбɱһ졣
һɱˡ
ֻ֮Ҫ˲þͬԼ־ĶˣǱԲѴ֮߾֮
ǡյķ
ͷŶǹӶȽϴ󣬻ܿʶ
һʱ䣬лɲǰɫѿѷŵСŶʶҡ
ҲǸģ֮ͷӦˣԥرۡ
Ƭ̺лͨоŵľиôˡ
⵽ʲôطûҲûȴ͸ŹŹ֡üԹضǻһ
Դˣлÿɷ
ǲشҪǲ֪ôشΪҲָо
Σлǰȥץ˷ŵ֣ȻţеضԷŸпô죬ұʶ㣬ȷʵܿˣɡ
˵һ룬лתתͷûס̾
ǿˣȴǻĵˣûʲôľݡ
÷ˣ
ȻҲʶһ㣬͵ǰͱĻþܲһֻۣܿ˵˻ûκζ
˵ˣǴ˵˲һ𣬷ǵñ۽ܡʵ
һ󳤾õĳĬ
ãлŵۣȻ˴̱ˡ
ι۰ɣʵ̫ˣҡܲˡӡ
л
лǺۣһ㣬ܾһ̾ͻᳯ˹Ҹˡ
ţ
ţҪҪһ£ʲô
Ŷʲô
һƤˮͫףȫ塣һѳζǵҴʶݣһֱȱȻšô߰ɣ죬ޱǣǸͺͷ
л
лͺͷôͺ
ֻԹ϶ͺģʣһȦͷȫɢţ۾סˡ˵˵ţƺֱͦӣĬĬ̧סܵǣǹӵģͷȫģƨɻͦ󡣡
л
л˱˵ˣֻۣҪ߾Уǧ֡
лʲộΨƨ㱼̣
ƨɶܿ񲻾Ҳܿ
ҪǣȻǸͺͷ
һ˲䣬лȻúҲûôˡ
˼ˣлɵۣľվԼǰġۡˣǼǰ߰ɡ
ϽߣϽңȹҵ˵֮һҪƶһ١
ôġ
Ϊۡûлڵı飬ֻ
л˰ΣһֱȵлԼ˵ĺûæڴáŸ˼ǰߡ
˹˵һֿ飬ûԵʰɣʱ汻лѰһΡ
һŲľ£лԶԶؿǰһ伫۵Сľݡ
Ȼľݾֻлܿ۵ķǰлʵһֱڻĵϡ
ôãҵһ˾סĺۼˡлеܸˣ²ӲøЩسɴ磬˲Ϣ֮Сľǰ
ߵýˣлŷľ޴һȽһͨС֮⣬ûκͨװΡ
лͷһμŹֵСľݣͷ߶䣬תһ룬Ȼ뵽ǺۣΪ˷ֹԼڻͷ˲䣬һעͰѻֱ˦ˣлֻ²۵
ȻлԥǷʱȴ֨һԼˡ
һ಻߰Сֽͯסأ̽Сڳݲ壬ʮŬضл˵Է
˵ͬʱСȻýģȴźۼƺܸ˿žܼˡ
ҹԣˣԷ۵Сۺð֮󣬼лСͯƺе㼱ˣһ´źĳȴΪ̫󣬲Сײ˲֪˭ſڵһ磬۵Դ
˺óԣҲˣֻԷء
֣ǱңҺۡ
лҪ˵
һ
ˣǸĿɰֻˡ


104 
л, һ˵ЩԾ
һʱʧ񣬲ûע⵽, ٿлС۾ʵûڿ
ȻСȷʵĽǶȲԣֻؿ, 
һ, һлﴩ, ľǰ䳷½硣
Ӱ
лۣҲʮͣθ, һȦ嵴֮
СôײͷЦŵ٩˳һСִӽӽҳһƬѪܵţ, µݵСǰ԰, ͽȥ, Сı볾ʦַˡ
, һ۵ĻС˫Ƭ, , ݾ׽֨֨, Ļš
л
С˭Ǵ˵صôô̫
, ʲôҲķźɵôˣʲôˣ
ле棬ûʲôСû˵ô
ҡҡͷ
ԭֻҪֹۣ󣬻Ҳ
µ񣬷ŷæ۾ˣΪȻʶȻ˴˹Ź֣ôһһֱۣʱעĶҲ
˵лѲµŵ˼ûٴ߷ۣǻɫŽԼ˵Ķ
ǰСһֻ߰꣬һ಻ʮ꣬ߣСô⣬ֽŲУˡ
л˵ţ̽ѰĿ⽫Сͷţԥһ£ֲ
Ǻ֣Сһһޣȴı֪࣬Ǹʲô
޻ľ޾ߣһб࣬ڰ޳󱳸ľ޴Ӱ⣬ǰСȴȤúܣаȴտյˡ
ңԴһЩȻնħ֮ΣȴСĶչˡ
͸̫ˣ⣬̾СֹǡǸСЩ̺ܽãʦ˵̰׶һҪ
ʲô
˵ġ̰ʲô̰
ھһꣿ
է˵ֻлסãȻӦһ⡣
Ǳǡ
ͷŴ˴󴳽ʱ㣬ƺʮԶ硣
Ҳֱʱлź֪뵽ЩļУƺûκе볾
仰˵ڴǰߴţںĸСûй볾
⸱ᣬΪȴСɵģ볾һǸССɡ
СŬɷлϽԼ뵽Щȫ˭֪֮󣬾Ȼ̬ȹһ
볾ȷôʡ
лܿ϶ĵ˵ͷôѵ֪
ֻ֪Լһ㡣
üƺŬ䣬ǰʱһΣҺȾƣԹÿʮ߾Ҳˣȥˡ
ҵʱûʲôģͺ˵Ϊ֮ǰʦһ볾֮£סϰ꣬ν³ߣ볾ű֮ʱ
Ż䣬лˡ
Ϊû˵Щ
ǡ볾Ľߴ֮ǰʵһС׼ÿ߶а֮壬ߣôᱻ𣿡
ҡҡͷ
˵Ҳ֪йٺҲԴ֪֮٣ֻ˵볾Уƺֻһжǲ֮
л
л˵ǴҲ˵Сɣ
ңֿ

ﰦҪˣЩڳ֮ǰ᲻Ծһڷ䣬쾹Ȼͷˣ
궿ˣλ˼صǰѵԹʲôƵط
õԹεҪסþ볾
衭
ֱڶ棡
һʱ䣬лֻҪһ뵽ܿǲ֮ǰµһʱ˶ˡ
˵
ǲģǰꡭ
˵ⳣ£һ볾еߣ˶һأ
Żڿֹʦ֣ȻԼеλʦ֣ʮ־η
лԼָⶼˣûסұۣתԷŵСŶ֪Ϊʲô˵ٵķӡòԹˡ
½Ǽ٣ҽ档룺һѾɵˣһԼǰΪźĲ֮Уøʲô³
ʧ꾡١
֣֡ſڣֻݲƲС֣ƫͷŰСȣӶ
֣⡭
лҪ˵
~


105 
СǸѧ˵, ÿ˵һ֣Ҫݵͣһ¡
ңлע⵽, СʮָǺɫģ沼ϸСɫģһ·СۣõУ·ѹʲô
ǰΪġ
ۼСԼ, ֵúᳵ·, º, ̬ȴʮּ
˵ˣһֻܳһƬôԣϵȫˣҾʹȥʦ, 
˵ŻʹһСͷ
Сͷըţеʮ, һͷڵСʨӣָӦܲ
лվſ, ϰ, ֱȫȥ, źȻڡ
СŶܾδĵط, е֡
˵, ֻһƲ, Ҳܱҵ֪, ֻܿȴʲôҲѰš
ǰСʱлѾûԲﶼϸĵȷȷֻһأһЩܿӰ֮⣬ʲôҲûС
ӲҪݵĻлһУʵеǡɳĮĺ¥
ˣˡͨ˵лֻඥ˵ɲôǴʱͬҪΪԼ˺¥ҵԹĲص㡣
ҲͬĸܣԱŵͷе֣Ͼ˾˵ĳڵõǰһƲ˵ǣԹȥĳЩµһӳ䡣
һΪʱ䡱·ϣһۣܴӿʼ֡
˼ˣż̴ٵͣһ£Ƭ̺Ҫôǰߣ
ǰߣԾܷ񿴵֣ڱ۾Ҳûʲô֮
֮Ȼʱͷǵһһˣû׼˵˵ĿģҲͨ˿һЩˣһ·ǰȥĹأ
ôţлڴһº󣬱ǣּǰߡ
ϣֹЩʱǰȻֳһСľݣӾͺǰǼǸһģһֻǱƾһЩ
һΣСţͿʮһô˵ֺ壬ҲڵС
Сϵ·ҲڲƲˣһͨİɫۣ۽ǶЩĥǱ˴ʣֵġ
лפ㿴˰ΣСñȼǰ࣬ڴź󣬲ûһͷײȥſĵǰ
ȥСͷܸˣʮָϵںҲȥ࣬ɢ֮⡣
Ƭ̣Ȼˡ
ͬСĳʱԱʮģƺ츳ѣ޳˰֮ϵø
θСģһЩζܹѵһոµذ׵ۡ
Щԣȥʦ֣ԸˡϲɫϸָСüģʦǰҪ˵˵֪ô
Сûشֻ˼ض£ָһץʺָ֭ճ£һʱ䣬硣
꣺
꣺˵˶ٴΣҧųԵģġ
֪ǷлСͷźۼһü
ͣȥʲôֲϲС߷ߵ߬ȭͷ촽ţͰҴˣҲûˡ
ֺ˵ʲôʦֻ㣬Ϊˣ
ôˣǻŶ˵û˽̣֪ⶫǲܳԵģ
ôܳԣ
ΪʲôܳԣҶԣ缦Ѽڷ˶ͬȻܳԼѼ㣬ΪʲôͲܳˣǸˣŻᱻЦء
С䣬ͱǺ죬벻ηˡ
ǲܳˣ⼸궼׽𣿰ⶼˣüаҷô󾢽̻˵ѵΪõĲô
С
ˣôһ˲䣬Сеš
ѽѽѽҴˡգ۵ĹС㷭緭飬ת˲һ˳ģºͺ͵Ҿ֣֪ˣұ֤ԺĻֻҪ㲻£һ
ҾģģɫҲϿңָɫ̫죬һۿȥƸ˾Сˡ
ҲǸúģܱСϴĻüЦ
ˣЩɣʦչض꣬ʦѾǴˣֻ˵һ仰ܽ⿪ϵĸɱ
һ˵ţһͷĿС¶һ㰵ɫָϣ߶߶ѵѵ⿪Լϵĸɱô
˶٣һСָ⡣
ϱ볾ĸɱߵﶼҪСıɱáֻҪԸѧãԸҵĻҾа취˵ʦ֣⿪ϵĸɱ볾
һֻ˵ܱ볾ֱһֶ͡
ȻС꿪ȴֻƲƲ졣
šʵҺܲϲ볾Ϊǵȫֻɱҡ
ΣС鲻Ըصͷô˵ĻҲϾͦԣġ
˵ǿȴһ⸡ģȻʵܿģȴΪҪӣϳϡ
ֿȴΪ£ģΪı֤Ц۾ˡ

ܿģڶСľǰ£ҲлͷβƬ̺󣬵С߽лǣ˷ŵ֣ǰߡ
ȻϵǣȴСľˡ
һ⣬ȫ׵һ˿ɫĴ
ܻСľǰİ꣬ƺҲѾЩ
ڴһĶ棬һͬ۵ĳӡ
ֻϧǱµģлۣӵĳࡣ
ҹǣлôŬԶƲӵǰ棬һ
ȴһ
лӶͶ¯֮£ô룿
ԣһ˲ֱ˱¶ɫʦ֣ҪôǾӰɣأܲסĵ𣬿¸һȥҷˣܰùžŰʮһ죿ҿ¿϶ʧܡ
仰ͰվԱ߹͵лˡ
ʲôʲô
Īǡѵ
лգգۣתͷʷţСŶûǴĻݹżأǷЩߡϲ׽Щ
ݴ飬˴֮ʳ֮Ϊǣζ񼲣١
棬ʲôķããȻͷлΪλȻôʡ
ôˣʲô𣿡ʡ
һʱ䣬л֪ôͷŽԼĲ²⡣
Ȼ룬Ͷ¯žŰʮһЩҲ̫ˡ
ڹһ֮󣬹ǰӣֳ̾ҡͷҲգȲҪ͡˵£ƾЩҪģֳ
ʦܣ֪ģʦض꣬þòȬǰӾȻռ֡Ͷ¯ʵĿǰΪֹǵѡ񡣶ʵʵ˵ʵһʼҾͲͬ£ԼǳҪҲҴӦȻˣѣΪ볾ӣԵβһ
ʦܣֽپհ㲻ϸһҵĻ
֪㣬ֻҪܽƭ
ֻҪܽƭұ㽫볾֮λø㡣
лҪ˵
Ϻñǣָ֪ǣҲǹģһеֻΪ
˰겻ðˣȻڼðˣһˣһ֢״¹ڷǺor2
ںˣھһϵ֮ڱų˻¹ڵĿԣһΪ¼ƣ˸š¼սߡ


106 
ӻδ, ٿشһ죬˾ٻعʱѱ˽, ̸ˡ
͵ʱͻ⣬ϵŷ˵ģ볾һ£ѵл̱뵽⵱Ϊһֻ, ոմ⾭˵, ֻ
Ͼ
Ų, ֻ̲ҪõܾҽŵĲ
ˣǵҲܽ͵, Ϊԭ԰ƴӣȴȻ˿
ԭǲЩ
ұֻȻ֪Լ֮ˣͬһ, ҿҲѹġ
ãֱɰʯĴҲʧ, лסƬ, ûټǰߡ
ɡôܾ, е㲻Ծ
Ʃ˵ͷһ·ߵ, ʼʵֻ, һ, һֻ, һλνĴš
Ҫǣʵϣֱŵǽ类֮ǰӦΪ˵˶ꡣ
Ϊǲ⣬ΪԼڽ費ۣ嵱귢֮¡ȴµĽ磬档
УΪôǶʦֵŵλãԶǰ棬Զ
֮ڼģǵдŵģῴԼʦֵһ磬棿
һʼ´ӽǣ仰˵˵˻Ͳǰֻ꣬
˵ֱ׵㣬Ǵ˵ʵֻһ󵼴ߣôʶΪ˵˾͸Ǹꡣ
Ҳֻܽ͵ͨΪ뷶ڵڣȴҲ֮˵
Ϊӽǡʵվڵġ
Ҳ˵ʵпܴûʦֵл룺ˣαװ¶ڡ
֪ԼʲôԲŻľǰ˴һȫȥӽǣôȾܿӶų˵Ĳ²⡣
ֻϧʱ˿̣һԼûˣȴû취ˡ
лţȫͷ˵ˡ
СŶҲѽ˵ֻε񣬿¾Ҳ
˵һ룬ȴ΢΢ƫͷһüͷģȻû
л
лôˣ˵ôҷź˵ҲĴ
ԣȴüøˣʳָ˻Σлʱ
ö˶˵ģΪɶͲ˵ˣ
лŪź«ʲôҩǺڡŵĻ֣ѾĹֻؼζѲǼʱر졣
һľĬ
ãлգ۾Щﲻסʷŵ׿ʲôʱȴȻۣ󿴡
˵ű̧һָ
ѵһ㶼ûиоô֮⣬˴ˡ
л
ʲôȻûоûо
˷⻰лʲôƵתǰ̽һʶȥлĲͷ֡
˭ʱܽ˰ˣƽʱҲ㡭
°仰û˵꣬ȡ֮ģǱһ˲˦ȥʮ
ԭ¡󴳡ˣȻǻ٣
ڸղţлԶǳһŹֵǷ·𱻸̵ŤĿ֮лתʱɿٵһֻŴ̤űϤģƵľ¼档
ϡ
޵Ŀгȴ·档һ˲ʮȻƾճֵľ͹צ߬סΪߣ˭Ҳٵ
л
л˶ˣţô˵
ȻҲˣץԼǰź˳ǹǰ쵽һ룬ź֪Ƕͱˡ
ţ
ţҲǲŷ֣һȷﴳҾ̸ˣ֪ô죡
ʯ䣬лͷűԹ꣬ת˲ǰࡣ
˵ȥ
ƽϸȥĻᷢе㶶Īʹࡣ
䣬ǴͬɽѹȻ˷ƵлЩ¡
ģ⵽ôµģ˵˷ֹ߾ԹǱ߸ѻʱڵûܳµôҪɶӹ𣡣
һʱ䣬лɤӶˣȴû
ž͸ˣͲţѾ׹ˣ𵽵ԼޣɼǿѹάסǲɢѾոˡ
Ȼлϵǣӭѹİ޾ʮʤ㣬ټжȻûΪѣֻƵؿ
ˡ˳ȥɤ϶ضҡͷлߣʵҲھ㡣


107 ɱ
⻰ʵе֡
, ˭Ҳһɱָ㣬һ˵ھ㡣
ؼʱ̣лۼ, ʱע⵽·˳űһѪ顣
ٺڿѪ
֮ٴʱܿܡûֳôࡣ
Ϊ鷢̫ͻȻлһʱò׼⡣˵ĹлĺͷŴ, ÷һ, Ȼû, һӡ
νɽڣûգɵӲüȥʯͷء
ҲǸүڰ˵, Ϊ͵Ϊߵǰ޷شȥģ˭ͷһЩΪ˵ģأ, ͵ȥЩĻȻûб
Ǹ˷ĵļ, лٱ, ͨٴ˿¶, ׵͸һָ⣬лֱ״̬ܲ, ˵ѾЩǿ֮ĩζ
֮, лע⵽, Ҳ֪Ƿ, ÿͬ˵һ仰Ҫɲ΢΢һ֮ѹޱҲһССĲ
оͺ񡭡
ڻ˵ں˵仰ƺҪֱѹסȥЩ
˵ˣͺ˷ƵģЩŲ
û׼ҲǱסˡһ뷨մлĵðлʹҡҡͷ˵ллѾں˼ЩʲôˣĲ˵ǰڿظߵɣȥɶʮĹ˭Ƶס
ǡ
˵Ǳ˿סˣ˵Ϊ췣˵Щ
ϾûߣʵʣһͷˡһݹǶѣ˿֨֨ؿ֮⣬˵ʲôأ
ôţлۼѾźۼ߽࣬ͶԷһŵĨͣʱȥþطһܷͷ˵ϻת㱻߬ýˡ
л
лޱ飬£ôקңô뿪
䣬Ѿ˲ԣ԰
ãڻϵѪԽԽأѩ׵ǰȾһɫ
˳ȥٲΪȻűȷŸЩ˵˵֮⣬Ҫٻ򡭡ʹҪһ췣Ҳɱ㡣
ÿһ˵һᣬֱɱ㡱£Թ𼹱¹ţӲѿѪˡ
ſ˵£ƺѳŵޡգۼ䣬ϵ΢΢ţ۴Լһǳǳ·ֻҪٶ˵һ䣬ᵱѿƵġ
лסΡ
ôô£Ųڿ˵ھôôƬ̹򲻵ָĳɱ
ôһ˲䣬лܻɻǱ׸ɵˡ
ˣΪе̸ء
ֳһʱ˽֣˫˭Ҳˡ˵䣬л£ָ߬ŻҲҷɣ˵ʲôΣʱȥˣѵԺ󻹽ô
ܴһΣңлûɵΪٲᡰΡ
лţ֪ǺʱԶٿִһ
һֻѥ̤űǼһһϸ糤߰ϻʹɿ˶лǯơ

һ˲лѭȥӹһ˲ãȻ
Ȼǲ⣬л⾹ˡ
Ÿʲô˴ǰҸͳŲ̫ãһס٣һתͷлͺȥߣҵǷżĵһСľݣȻȥõСͷǿ飡Թأ
л
ˣ飡ϢܽһĲùĻþαװɺ¥ôߴ˴
ôû뵽ⶫ֮󣬾Ϊܱˮ֮⣬Ϣ
˵ˣлͷŶһۣٵ飬׷׸ڻ߳ŭֶɱеǰһ̣Ѹ˸μת˲ʧ١
ֻ뿪ǰл棬ǻһժߣһ㼲ٳÿýһϵƤȥһ飬ȵһ˲ץǣѪģˡ

ҲҺֻץ½ǡ
֮⣬ɹ֮лɫԼĶ䣬˵Һܵù졣
лˣŻɱ
Ҳ֪ϵסʱ
ԣŸһ뻹ٵѹɫ̱ת࣬أлСţû뵽ԭ˵ǲ⣬ĪǰҶˣ
˵ĻǰڵһСݡڶСǰģǲֻۣеۣҲ˵˴ܿ˵Ļǣ˲֮⣬ֻ
ҲѽȻֻһƲô̡ܻʦ֮ˣһأ

лҪ˵
ңһ໱ŮˣԼǸЪԶСˣզզذ--+


108 
һСľݺܿ, Ϊȷ⻹ܶãлûԥ־ȥժСͷĹڡ
˵ҲȤ, ֻһ˵СϹҲƲƫƫͷϴ˸ľµĹڡ
ָһȥ㴥һǹڹȻǸʵĵģǴ˵ΨһĶ
, лԴտ, ʹʩ£ָ, Сϵ飬Ӳ
Ҳֱ֮лŻȻ񣬾ק, ֹǲСͷӡ
Ȼûק
л
лʲô𣿡
ţ
ΣüƳűлָ飬ɫӵҡͷ, Уûˡ
л
ô⣿
лﲻ, ͷʸʱ, ļ, ָеһҵͷʹ
ͷʹǰöҪңһʱ, лֻת, ԴǱһ˫̴ըˡһĹ, ָڵ, ʰ
ڼȵļ尾ʹУлβƳŷŽڰգδֻ֡
лž뽫ͻȥ
ֻǻѯԭ򣬺˰һǿһͷʹ㽫û˿Ϣˡ
׵ǣȻͷʹ۾ѾеģˣлǿСʧȥξۿɼٶȣѸƬ̺󣬱ѳһӵģ
СƨȻˡ⡣
л
лֻӸըˡ
޴֮£лתͷţȴŽӲسһǣָѾһɫ
ңỹǱ۵ġ
ʧ֮þֳ۹֮Ǳʶ֮̽ܿþ֮е
һбʶգ֮䣬һ˲ĬĬ֣ľˣҲ¶ˡ
л
л󿴿ߣҿǱߣ˻һȻ״̬һŽ˼ҲеǲԼ˭ˡ
Ǻͷûôˡ
ȻҲпΪ̫ˣˡ
Ƭ̺л뷶Ŀԣл죬дšɶˡ
ųĬһ£̧һָԳ˵Ĺײ⣬̾ˣµˡ
֮룬ǲ⣬˵ҲסƲл꣬ôչ˼ûڻþﶷһҲôల¡
ȻˣΨһĽͱֻһ
Ǿ֮ǰˣ˵ظûνλˡ
Ҳ˵˵ص˴ʼվֻһǾǲ⡣
⡭ʵҲֻ
˵ˣǶСɽС濣֮ǰЩԹɶǱ˵ϣû˴˵عؾͱˡ
Ȼĵðײ²⣬ֱթܷлСͷǿ飬лǰŸߵСľǰűʧķƵģۿããģ˵Ļˡ
ҲںȻʧ֮û̶Ǵ֡

ǰո³˵ĲĬãڻӦʲôһվԭأ˺ðĴ
Ǽǰġ⡱ûе⣬ᳶһлձ˵䣬ʾʲôͿ˵þΪĲ⣬ûº񲻴ˡ
лȴĬĬһһҺɵˡģ
Ϊģлʵ̫ˡ
˵ѾûжˣȴȻ˱˵ġл룺ôÿÿ˼һ⣬һŨ·Զʲôоãһֻ˯
仰˵ʱǿţû˯ȥ
ƤܿҪˡ
һߣҲǰ⡱ȻƢȴͦãҷӦҲ㹻ٶۣлԴµʱҲ˺һ
˵лµʱ仹õ㡣
Ͱ֮þȫסٵǸⲻͬĲƺǱص̫ˣڸոջָ֮˱ֵúãȻһųӵ̬ȴԷֻͯڳӵתе벻ϦǺϦ

ô˵ɣµ񣬲ܷô룬лǴֱƽǰֵġ⡱ϸȫĽˡ
ƽô²ˡ
˭ּ飬²ˡ
ŶҲô˵Ϊ׼ȷ㽲лݹ۷־ֻǧľ飬Ҳһ㶼벻
ͱȷ˵֮ǰԾʦ£лΪʲôˡ
ϾԼɱɾ˵ģܲô
֮⣬⻹£лȴôҲ벻ͨ
һԭʵǸ볾Ҫôһʱ֮£볾˵ҲӦΪһֻر⼴˾飬Σ޹ǧ֮ã
ֻô˭أǸ޳˰֮İô꣬ûǴĻл룺ͷڴ￴ҲȻѾӦ볾ŵ͸벻ѲŶԣڶԺȻòչˣ
ҲҪһ¡ΪǰһƲ͸벻ϵͬԴôǰֻϵϢ벻а˾ųɵƣȴֲȫͬ



109 ħ
ֹЩʱ, Ҳӻþѹ۵׽Щɡ
Ȼֵǣָ֮, תͷлͷŵȴǼ򵥵ġڴ˴
˵Ǿñط꣬˿̵仯ڸпǾȻ˰ҽڼˡ
˵ֱ׵, ͺûļлͷ, ǵһμƵġ
һ, Ҫſ˵ʲôϸ³㡱֣㱻лԴϡ
ɴ㡣лͷ۵Ŷǣ, Լ
δ䣬ȻصһͷָлͷŸһâҲûж˵
, Щ˵ֱӰѼ乲ȥ, ȷ˵øЧʡ
Ϊַ, ʵе֮ǰ, ЩƵģжô, 濴Ҳһ˲¡
ô, âûü, Ǽ, лģδĻ档

ԭԴôӲ뻹ٸ޳ʱ˵
šҲǰ˵㡪Ӳոڴ⣬͵볾ŶԻ˵Щʱ˵
ʱĲոհ볾ãһж棬Ҳʱ̽ŻٵĶ˽񣬴Ӳ¡
ǻŬһˣѧΪʵеΥΪһֻԡ
˭ûϲأ
ʱĲ˵ϲ̣ȥѧʲôȥž˼򵥵һ£ӲӶʲô
֮ǻᣬֻҪǻٵķԸӲܾ취ȥλÿ춼ڱչأֲϺĴſģҲ
Ϊ֪Ϊ볾ӣֻһ볾ԾܺλĴţ⻹ÿ춼ȥ밲
ŶˣϣǰȻǻ٣ǸƺܲĴţʵǻصʦ֣벻ʶ꣬ҲֽѵöΣȴûڲǰ¶
ϣԭҲȥ밲ģ첻Ը⣬ԼڶԻ˵ЩζĻ
֮󣬽ͺȻˣǺ˵ʲôȴٵͷǴӦˡ
Ϊ֮λӦ
Ȼ֪µĲ⣬ܲţƭԼ˵һôǵڶһ磬پȻҪҪȥ˵Լܽ
仰ʻˣֻⱾһ̰㼯ĴԸ࣬ƽַܰ볾ҲȫλٵԵʣڻپȻ˱˵Ļܹƭ
ýܲˡ
£ʵ̫ˣֻ֪ϵķӡˣʱ±һƬʬɽѪˡ
ڻج֮Уɱ볾еˣʣµһˣǻ١
ʱڻپǰʧص磬ױ㽫һжΪ촷ۡҲΪǰվǻٰɣѵԳһ˿ڳݺʣҪֱұǣΪʲôҪƭң
Դ˼ǵúʱʵǡΪʲôҪƭҡǡΪʲôҪɱҡΪԣҪֱӶ˵ʵĨǡ
Ϊʱ򣬼㻹ٶֱԣҪˣ볾ҲԹɻȴΪһŵλƭоɾ̫ˡ
ͺǡ
ΪĶʦȴûƽʱ̸Щ£Ѿ˼ѹֶıԣȻһЦ
˵̰ô˵Ҫһôǻ̰֮λʲô
ֳõĶԳУԽԽŭеĵѱѪȾ죬ֻ轫֮ǰһ磬ԸԳӴĴ
ֻѵǰһ硪
ļģǰۺĻô֮üͷ΢ɲٿȻʵԭҺȥɱ㣿
ϡ
һ޴أڵϣʯ
ⲻףΪʲôͷپȻֱ顣
ûзŭûп־壬ֻһŪΪʲôᷢȻ
ԭվڵˣ㰡ٿЦҡͷΪûɱ㡣ţʦֵĻһûɢʡ
ٴһ־䶼̹ϣɫαѲˡ
ǲȥˡ
˲֪ԭҹﲷ㣬ھмʧأ˾ɱĿԤԣЩɾ󻼡
մŵ˼˼ŻٴάһֱѧãԭɱȡĴҲĳһֲͬȡĴ
ֻǵڶִ鷳̫ˣȥҪܼʹ֮⣬ĸԸ¯Ҵӵ¯֮Ҳᱻϵ
˵㣬˵ְ취ȷյġ
˵ȡҲ׷ϣȥΪʦˣҲﾡá
ֻϧûӦ
پ̫ⷨðˣȫǴΪ˺ԼڳһѣʵʸͲɹ
Ի˵˴ţҽ֮еɱ󣬻󡣻뽫ƭ֮Уʵʵشڷһֱڹȥɫ
١ԭҪҲûʲӵ֮λ
˵ףʵûƲֻֻǺֱ˵ˣ룬ͽ鷳Լ͵ֻƬģ˴ɱ䡣
ǵãһ죬볾ŵĻǱǿٻƮƮظǰ˵µˣԭνĴֽ٣ȫ̰ɡ

룺ǰȫˡ
ΪһֱŴ飬Żշת࣬Դе⣬ΪǡռԤԣȡӦŻԻ˵ֻ
ʵ˵Щ֮󣬴űܺˣôһ˲䣬еֲ壬ǸνֽԤԣԤԣ룬Ρ
ֲ壬ȡͷΪ˸ʦˣԼҲҪ
ԣһõĽʱǳ˿ԥӦˡ
Ȼ˭뵽һż̰֮ԣġһֻԴͷأ
֮⣬ǴŻ⣬֪ôʵʦǽ˵ż򵥣׷Ϊ򣬺ΪȴЩ˵ˡ
̰޼㣬޳˰˵ˣȴҲ޷Ľ
ҲԣҲǹҲ˭˵ء
ԭ볾Ѿϸдһ٣ɡ

볾ŴŵķԸûٹֲ⣬ĬĬ㲻һһ޹ɱ֮ˣǵĻȫʱ죬߹ֻصСʯţ˹»Ұ
ոһգ긴һѰңֱ볾˵ĻǶ֮󣬻ٺͲҲĳˣ˽٣ɴ˱ΪɣΪ顣
ֻڳ֮ǰڻٵȴһСܡ
ûҸ߻٣볾һ£ħ
˭ֻһΨв⣬ħ
ħµǣڱٵ죬ħսʤ˲⣬Ӵռȵ治ȥɣĲⷴħһƲڴ˴һֱǧ֮ãֱղŵýѡ
лҪ˵
һ
һʼߣҪβˣqaq


110 
Щ, һֱڴ˴Ȼȷʵţȴջجج, ڻþв԰Σһֻ뱣볾ⷢı硣
˵ţⲻҡͷʧЦĴԳ
ħǸ, ҲıԴ, ɱ, ôаŷҿԽۿĶȴʼ߲˵ذ벽, ںܳһʱûʶԭǱŵġ
ȻħվҲֻħŵɱ볾֮, ħִ̫أԴ֮, Դٵ̬, ֱñ΢糾ݡ
ħΪԼԻ, ܻ뾡һа취ﻹκζԷ, ۴ĻǶԵġ
, һǧǰ, ͵ŹǼ¡
ͬл²һ, ʱĻκͷ̫ԩ꣬ţǼ⣬νѭǸЦҲдЩԶĹºҵ
ʱĻţⱲ˶ˣϸⱲӾͻ˵ģλܳꣿ
ԣһʱ嶯֮£ٲ棬ſ˹ŹأԩЩ˼ֵø췭ظ
ɻپֻһذˡ
һ֮󣬻ٱ췣׻飬ԪˣҲۼ˼Ĳ״
ͬʱҲʹĥඥνĵ
֮֮󣬻ٱףԭ֮ҪǧκͷΪģʵǡ򡱶֡
Ȼ˶Ըۣ˶νʳķгıԹıԹ˼ɴصĳԹ
ԼҺҪɱҵĺɳҺҲ޹ΪҪ֮ݣŵøա
飬ʵȴƽġܼ֮йƣĶԼÿһھĵ档ﶼȦؼĹ֮У֮һ΢ƽ⣬ӶɣϢƬԶȥֹͻ硣
ֻϧ䶮ˣħȴǺܶ
ħһжǶԵģǷǺڰף㽫˵ۻôȰ˵ħš
ħΪǱˣʵ϶򿪹ŹأЩԩȥȴԸġ
ħŻ٣ոѰллȥȹŹص޲ʱһ֡
ħ׿ڶл˵лԵģɱɱҪ췣ҾɱˣҲܿҵһʵлɡлԼأ
лԼˣ췣ĵлͷϡʱֻҪûлľܵУɴƭлǱðˣԸŹص޲ˡ
һлȻɢȴҲҪˣҲסŹˡ
˵ףʵһֺȡɵİ취֮еͨΪлʶȴǻۡУһ߼ͨˣҲˣѾ鷳ˡ
˵ĳ̶ֳϽڵһǴν̸Уħʵּ٣ûȫƭл
˵ˣлͷ䣬ǻµģħµġ
ڹȥǧһֱԼڵٲƽսħ͸ߣǿάΣĻʲô˼ȥо䡣
Ŀɾ̫ˡ
ЩУħ͵лͷŵ䣬ƭлһһȥֻأԹлΪԼ˽Ҫõľǡ
ħļƻ⣬ʮԹһ޳ɣлܻΪɷ¾ʮ֮ǰл㱻Źļ̨ϣһʧ
ħû뵽ǣصһСᱻ̤һĻٷ
Ȼ󣬻ƴӵһ͵͵ƭԹΪɢʩҽֳݣֱħѽȥĽС
һݡ
˵ǰݻħƴһƴһݶħ˵ȴȡ
ֻƭԹ֮󣬻ͨħǵͱ岻һϢħݣԲŻѾ˼ҵڣһԹ˱ķ֮ϡ
ûֱӷűʵǻǻ̫ˣ޷ѱļ䣬ֻ˶Ρ
ԭţǰԹˣҲеܶһ¡ΪΪħһסĻþժ±巢ϵ飬ָܴ̼䣬֮⡣
ҾǱԸ嵽Ѿڻþǧ꣬þΪһ壬ħǽˣ˵ԼҲӮȴܹ޷ԤϵҪĴۡ
ħڵ֪ºѹûȥȡء
仰˵Ҳû뵽ħƭлԼȥã˸ͷβûĹ˵лһΪ˳ͷϣлǸ֮ͷԻ䣬ѶԷŹҵлת
ôţлͷ䣬µȡһԹ
Ҳסˡ
Ϊ˲лٱãƴȫҽԼһΪһһҴҸȥۺַҪһл֮еʧˡ
Ŷ˵лǾ߱˿߲סͲòħˡ
Ϊݴţħʵٺɡǡɡ˿ߡ
ɡȷǱ͸ˣЩлϵ˿߱ںδ
ѵϣ߸ң

֮ܶ¾ô£ݲ˵Ǹʵħģٵ͵лʧܺмлԼелϵѾеˣ˳лһ֮Ǻۼȥӹӡ֮ǰˡ
ֻǻ˵һǵױȲ۷壬νǿǿΪ֮ʵϣÿ뿪ž޴ʹ࣬ھ˵һ仰Ƕ𵴡
ɾˣл˻
鵽һʵû취ˣͬлһܽлŵ֪ѶˣôƴԼٱһΣҲҪڴ˻ɱлͷţлΪħõ顣
Ͼ췣Լ£ٱ㣬˿ڡÿһ̶Ǽ尾ʱлɢ֮ΣգʱлԵɣֱӼɱЩ
ɡ
˭뵽ħķħˣȻԸգǧܽþڻ֮ǰл£

лߣ֪ôЩԹһҵֻҪ֮һ˲㲻ˡ
һ̣лͷȫЩµļ󣬲ⷽٿ˿ڡ
ħִ̫ˣȻص˲ɾҩĵزµֻǵԼôΪʦ֣ȴȫȻʦѲЩ
ŶˣЩ˸㣬ʵлһֻأǵھ˾ĵʮҲ˵
ʵлһҵħѾĵʵʩƻˡ򡪡Ϊ㵱ô
˶˶٣ָлƵĺߡ
ǱƴЩɱģơҲֻǰһΰˡʹлغʦֺһ͵ԹʮԹҲܵô㹻췣ˣ졭Ļˡ


111 ŵ
Ǹ, ٶû뵽Ͼ˭Ҳ²ħȻԸգܵ
ԼѾǲ, ꣬ʵЩڸհѷų׺󲻾ã֪ˡ
ⳤ˵㽫һԵɶ
ڿƣȴֻս䵭̬, Ǻ㡣ʱħ, 跨򷲼䴫ȥɱķ, ˿նľǡ
ٶ˶٣л񣬺Ȼʹһ
ΪΪҪӹżɾȥĨĴڣ
ԭ, 棬ηҲ棬ԼϣаɱƴƬص, ֺ, Աֻ, йشµİҲҿˡ
, ٿȻһҵ޷˱Ƶýˡ
ԭǻڰħľ, Ҵ԰֮ˣ
Ͽסˣ
ʯ, æԸոѹĲ󺰵ס
֮, ʦȻ, ͸Ͽæֱ̫ǿˣǿѾԶԶҵԤϣҺܿͶסˣ
ʵʵ˵ٷһʱ鼱ҲлɱУɵлɹѺ󣬻ٻعʵôһ˲ҵġ
ΪħȻˡ
ֻҪħڣǷлȥȡ飬Ҳѵġ롣
ֻҪˣǾǼһѵʤô
ǻȴû뵽ħ֮ԻᱻΪħ֮Իиħ֣Ϊִ̫أҲ̫ǿˡ
仰֮ħǰԸˣʵΪ²⡣
˵֮Ĳħв˵Ǵ˵ضµĲֶħӰ󣬺׾ˡ
˵ˣħ˵ھﵼµ˲ʧصȷܿ£ɶڻٺͲԣħȴʼնһѴ򡭡
»ˣֱ˱˼Ҳֲһ¡
ϻû⿪лͷţرл
£лֻҪоԿ䣬ڹؼʱ̱ɵڶۣ˹ﵹæǰӷˡ
Ŷˣ˵ۣ˵۾лһԹţء

ôţлԾرȥˣôûأ
û˵꣬ͼһϮ۽׷Ż̤֮󻹸״̬ѾԽԽԾħ
ٻ˳ɹл
źƾճ֣ڳˣ--
һߣۣ޲ܰлҧô°лڳ㳤𣿾һħǲǣǿ𣡣
л
ˣ֤ˣֻФһۺ۶Դٵ̬ȣ֪һԷ顭
µһ㲻ˣϾһվǣ൱ڵȫʢʱڵһлˡ
ħҲϵһ㣬Ե׷Ż˴̧ĵһ£˿߰ѸոѣûüӦĲʩסò벻ֱӲҪƵ˹ȥԱ
ϾֻҪ岻κε
˵һ˵ӣ淢ʱʵҲգ۵Ĺ򡣵ٸտںǰæʱħ˿߱˿˿Ƶزٶȿ쵽㲻ӦԼʱת㿪磬ҲǱһߴϴ˹ȥû鸮֮ڡ
ߣ㲻˶ϣ˽ⳡ£ҲǺˡΪỤס鸮ٻǲɢ

Улվǰңңƹħ
Źȥεѭƣþ硣лħ֣һֽº͵˵Ѷҡ
ֻϣǡһöܲ۵Ĺǰָʽпģ˩ں۾öǰָһģһ
ˡסĶԶģĪҪˡ
ļģлȻСԼ˵Ļʶ㶵ͷԼİ顣
ѾˣȥеԹһССİУɢҲȫȫĶñħ
Ҳֱգȥǧз£Ǳһ㴩һߡл룺Ѿôˣȫˡ
棬ڻþ֮еԵʣħѾЩ仯Ȼɫ糣ȴѪɫħӶϣѸڸס顣
绹ٿ˵ʱѾˣȫȻϲվԼǰ˭Ҳϲ٣нΨһһͷǴ򿪹Źأ硭
һʱ䣬лܱ㽫߬תܣҲжصصȥæµ񣬾׷뿪˵أ
ΪһҪսڱĵط򣬻þ򣬷ٲᱻǿ
ܣлߣͷһֱǰܣ
̼ĤлۣԼԼŶֻҪܳȥԺҲȥˣ
лţ㲻Ǻϲ˼ôֻҪܳȥҾһȥ˼䣡ȥ㵱ϲĵƻ̣绨ѩ£ʱʲôɣ棡һֱ浽Ϊֹ
лҪ˵
СܣӮ˸


112 
лһ·, ȫþһͷ
Ϊж׷ܽ, Ũصģ䵽ܰ˹ͷסĺԺ󣬷·ֻҪһͷǶἴ
һƬڰУл֪׷ľħ, Ǹûĺ, ҲǵԼֹĨǵ˶á
ȻĻججѡ˷, ص˵
ǰһ㱡лʹ˻ԴֺסվڵſڵĴڣ£γԺ, Ըһ
ơ
лÿ˵һ֣лգͬʱ, ǸϸϸĺߣҲʰ̺Ƶ΢΢
ڡ
һ˵, һͷҡȻƬ̺, лٿȻ֪طӦûбơ
ڴڼ, ԼҲԣæܹס, üʣҪ٣ȥ
ȫȫҪ
͸֧ζ, лشϢ, Ŭ۾, ȥ
ȥĶأлȻЩ벻ˡ
ǵǧǰʱ߸Сĵض˵ڶʩҪһˣһľܡʱֻ֮ÿЦ˵ŸͲôһ򲽽㷶ˣôаϣ
ȴеˡ
ǵԼںʱεأʲô˵ħ˵ġ
ԭɿܣֲٵĸол롣
ͷţǺٿֱȦɫѪлͷȫȻָէһۿȥǸȱͷ­ֱϸʬż
Ǵڱۣüͷ壬̽顣
ˣҿˡ˵żȥ˵
˵ţĿȴл䣬еǣûôҸоԴˡ
ԣлҡͷŴڸϿȥ£޷ֲˣúԴҲˡ
һ顣
Ҳԡ
˵ĹֽǺܿ㱻մлԳıǰһƬѪ졣
ƫƫֻᶯ죬һ˵ż̾ȥһվԱ߆²뿪ͷˡ
Улеڷϯ£϶ʣˣǿŰأô
ǿҵ糱ˮϮлôʣûԥ̱̯ģһֱڣϿȥɣΪĺ˯ҳŲס
˵һ룬лȴһ
Ծ̽飬Ҳ֪ŰĴڣ
ǰˡǰ˲Ǵڣ
һ̣лٿۣȴҲûʲô
ȻǱڻþ֮С
ûܳȥ
ҲѾɺۣգ֮䣬İ顣
еǣ˿̵ĺ۾ȻˣһƫУǡ
״лһ˲ãȻٻʱȻʧˣǰֻʣһƬޱ޼ʵĻߡ
ˣˡ
ͷʱ˯ȥлҡҡλεվܣͼһƬֱ淽
ȻȴʲôҲ
ʱţƬ̣лǰѪɫԽԽأӸտʼȻʲôѪɫôܿţôŬҲֻܿһƬصĳ졣
˵ǿؾʹҲʼóٶۣħ׻һ֣ʱѾˣ㽫ӡǰ˩ˡ
ǿжϺϵܣлۣԼ·ƮںϵһҶСۣʮֹԮ
Ŷô˵ƺ̫׼ȷƮںϣǽѪǻŵԶֻѪҲֻܿһƬѪ졣
ӲҪݵĻлΪоʵеǧǰԹţЩһڷǰʧسһΡʹһʹģйĽҲʵڵģΨһͬǣǾŵģѵܵԼı仯
˯
˯˾һ߿ˡ
ʵģлԼԶһһʮţϸɳƵĿһ˿˿ƴĶĤ̽
ǡͬޡ
ڹȥǧ䣬ЩɱˣҪɱˣȫܻˡ
ⳡƭоģеһУϣ󲻵ãԹᣬ룬ʢҲȫ·𶾳һ㣬ЩĿһĥ
ΪʲôҵòΪʲôҵõҪʧȥ
ΪʲôصԶزסΪʲôұҪҪҪֵܷĿ
Ϊʲôҳ£ʱѧĵԶһ
Ϊʲô˵óԿ࣬Ϊʲôǲ
ΪʲôȫƼ޶ǡ
Ϊʲô
ΪʲôҪ𣬹¿벡ʹ
ڵһһ𣬰ĿǼ䣬л·ֿЩˣЩں쳾ƴȴվδĿŮ٣Ǹ˫ĿԲȴֻʣ¿նľŭٵÿ
ΪʲôΪʲô
Ǿֻ֪ʣͣؿޡ
ȻһƬܲ͸ĿУȴһ⡣
ǵЩƣǳԵԵʣʱʱ죬ʱʱ
лߣ˯ˡǵ˵Ѿǵʮˡ
ûܳȥˣٲҾҪһˡ
лҪ˵
ټһΪʲôΪд˺ܶ࣬ͷһǧqaq


113 ὣ
ѣѵûţ
ѡ
ǲŴʮô, ôգ۾ͱʮˣ
ҡҰ˵󣬼ʮ, ȫϣôһҲоأ
һ̣·γѰ㣬лסΣȻԼѲڻþˡ
Ƿš
лգգ, ǰѪɫЩ, ôԼԼĿӰ
һɲ, лһȫӲĴԭء
ΪģΪʱȻŷŵĲӣ
ǡԣԭججƬ֮У췭ظˡ
ΪԼܳȥ, ȻûС
ûܳȥħǰԤϵǰ㣬Թǡ
ʱ˿̣Ȼȫ, ЩԹҲдѱۺַ, ŵ, Ǹϼ̨
֪޾б, ƣ޾
ƺ־ĺۡ

Ĺ, ׻ڼ, һһл, ֻپ͵, ϵѾˣһ±ѪȾ죬޷
ǰЩʹ֣ĿԽңң
¡¡
ɬϵԹõģϵСˡ
ϵԹ
ԣл仺ĻͷһľĦ
ԭǲʩסʣµԹû˷һĻᡣ
ԭֻһͻɷ
Ȼѣھʮŵױ˰Уٳٲ¡
㱼䣬ħ˵ǷˣŹǱ٣Ҿ͵ˣҲһɡ
ħֻǵ͵͵ЦȰ
Ϣĺ˵ɵǰ˸СͯûлٻǲȻҲܳ࿴һۡ
Źѱһ죬ٵӰȿֺӿ֮Уֻȵھʮŵ¡
ΪֻҪѷٿЩŻûȫ򿪣ҲܳȥҲܻصǸ䣬ȥỨ㡣
µŹŹ𣬲ҲˣͳʱʱлҧݹأȴҲ޷Լ壬ִӷžÿ
ô죬ô졭
лţŵƺֻһ黹ܶ
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һһжøɾˡһлڵϣӲϼ̨ããȻĴ
ˣھʮŵ֮ˣŹصѷֺϣ·Ҳزȥ˼䡣
СŲˡ
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ŵھʮŵʱҿֻѷӳˣǷֱս߹˵ֻ統Ĳһ̰̰һղǱҪһոǿһգԶҲɢ˼䡭ע̫ƽˡ
Ϊ̰ģԶû취ɾġ
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