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飺
ΪһְҵɣʱСڹУ˸¹ʣЭʱһȻδ֮֮ɾһ˫֮¡
ηʱСɵְҵ֮ܣ뱻ἰƫٹɵϱʱСɵ޽¡
ЩʱСǣѶ֮󣬷׷ɵϱҲҪʱСɽǶһȣǸ
ʱСϵȥǣҵĹ˭һȣ
ɱƿԣڶ׿Ȼ󣬷廪һȵڴˣ
һͥɷˣʱСɺηȻͥĸ֮ߢˣ죬ȥһǰֻҪֹһȣܽˮ֮У
һԣֿǡ꣬һ°ͣǸѪծ̨Ĵħͷ·磬ˣ
һʱ䣬ٴУ֮ȴǣŴħͷ֣ٴɵ׼
ɷ׷׳ޣΪͥħʴ壬ɸ
ĥѣ̤ͥʱ񣺱죬֪ӣ
+++++ԤաŮ۵ĺ󹬡ڿģӭղ+++++
ȵگλڴһλϵѪһʮŮ
ǻ֮󣬴ȵּΪŮ۾д飬һһͬʱ󹬡
ٹճʮݣĲɷ񣬱ȵȷΪʷ
ĵӣʮһݣ书˵ã¹ȵȷΪ
þŮĺ⽭ɽۼҵˣ
ڹʵۣҹµӺ͹ȥףϣҹʦ̴ˣ
Ůӽǡ
̫ϴϴޣ޲Ҫ󹬣ﶼǲǻҪޣ˿ȼݰȼݣȼݡ
ӽǡ
ԸΪAŪȨΪüףֻԸܻסĵһ˿ʹѪδ䣬ĻӲܸܵһá
˵1Ů𣬷Ů𣬷Ů21vs11vs13޴Խ޽ָ
ݱǩ ж Ű ƾԲ 
ؼ֣ǣʱ㣬  ǣɽ͸  Ʒ
һ仰飺˼䲻ֵãֵã
⣺Խ׷ߵľ񾳽硣


1 
ʱһر
գƸȥʱСɵĶ˵ʱ㣬Ҹæ
£ʱСŪݣæͣ»ƣһԼɾڿλ¡
ɽ˾ϽµĶԵʹСɣ֪ô
λͦģ˵ţʱ𰸼ϵĲߣʼ衣ɢƶûգҲͯӣһӦ£Լ֡
չˣ׼ɾһչأ˵ҲñռǧꡣչȥˣԵʹû˸ɣɻвɵ½أѰҲţȥһʱİ࣬ɺã
ʱСɺʵɽ˾ֲܡҪҴ֮ˣǸ˾ӳ
ǺһЦǰ½ʱǷ˾ӵ飬ٲҪ˶ڡ
ԵʹɲǸֺõĲ£ͥȥרƻԵĹ䡣
˵ʵԵֻǹ񣬸Եʹûϵ˵ԵʹݸƷ÷ֿ
ʵ˵ʵ˭Ҫٹص磬ܶ԰Լʹϸγʹ裬ҪҪĶԵʹ޽٣ʥˡ
֪Եʹֻͥ½ԼٵģǻǻԶԵʹٻһЩԹһԵʹϲżϷʵس֮Ϊɡ
ҲΪСְλһɣʮ꣬ѵõǣСЩǣǵ䳰ȷʱ治ɫĲӦԣ֮أ񾭴׳ó޷
˵Ĳ£ѹҲ˴ˡʱЦţżصȥûա
ֲһɲݣɲƨûУرΪֻе𾢡ɲݵļֵ;ܡС̣ԼһдĸܺͶ
˶٣ʱֲпգҲɡֲɵΪʲôҪȥɵ˵Ĳ£
͵ҸæҰ˾黹ˡ
ʱʮָɴؾܾ˵ˣûա˭Ƿ˭ȥ˽ᣬҪҡ
񣺡
ʱƺʲôȤ飬Цʵ룬˵½ʱǷ˾ӵ飬Īǣ½٣˵˵Сôģһֻӡ
뱾ûָһ仰ȰöʱְԣЦҼ½磬ɵĶħ١ְԵʹ˵һ½ȥɸ١
Цʱ㣬벻ңôУԹ㡣ֲ˵رгɾ͸ССְʮ꣬ûһءҪҪԣ
ɵǲ٣ܹҲôʮλ̫ϡˡ
ЦůʱȴĪؾɢһɡѽѽԼ
ʱ㲻˸սϽ֣ˣֺ£ɾذɡ
˵ţȪˮտˣʱóһͲ˼ƬҶڲϷȪȻѲͲݸ룬˵ҵʮ֦⣬ԵúܣûɶѶȣŲǧ꣬ѾƲˡ
ʮ̾ȻԱʱɹԵԼĶϢԵò⣬Ц衣
ʱԲΪȻʮ̵Ĳζͨûɶ𣬾ǳ٣ų˸ϡٵȼǧ꣬ҰѲּ֦Ȼȥˡ˵ţóСͲӸ룺ҼƵʮ̣ϲȣȥա
һ㲻˲ͲǶȼգ˵ԵʹְλЩˡÿ񣬵õĹºΪԶְλߣ㲻ԣʱ㣬㶼һ࡭
ʱؿڴϵ֪֪ͣͣͣҶѾһˣСɣöҺģɾˡ
̾룬㲻Ҫһ쵽Ҷ߶ˣòãҵΪҶ㼱ʲô
ʱ㣬㵱ѣżʱ࣬õ£һʲôãñ۸
ţ˭۸ң
Ҫһʱշ㡭
ҾʹԼĶĶȥ
˵ɣ鷳أ
ѽʱںˣҶӳֵ˭ýͷһٶʮ
ʱôһûûг޿ֵӣʵûޣֻת⣺Щ꣬ħԽԽƵˡ
ħ֣Щɳսٲãɾǿţ֮ûСʲô£߲ߣϵ
ҲűʡָĲΪ
ΪһһСɽɾɾɡɽ׵Լͥĵλõ𾴣ͥҲиصĻȨ
ӦģɽԽߣõȨԽҲԽءУÿÿʲô¹ʣҪʿ䡣
ոշСɣ磬͸Ǹѧ·ѧͯһٲά裬ҪŬΪɽףһϯ֮ء
ʱıӻֺУˣ꣬Ϊԭ̤ڳ״̬
֪ôģʱСֺУ꣬Ϊԭ̤ȴ磬Цİ
ʱ㵹ÿЦ˵ģ벻⡣
Щ֣صصͷˡ
⻰˵ûͷûԣʱʣʲôҲף
Ҷ˵竵ģԼġ
ʱ㡸Сһʲô㲻ű˵ĺ˵а
봽һ̣Ц½ϰˣԹñ˻޵竵
ʱ㲻Щףóһ룬Ʒ
ʱ㲻˵뻻⣬Ȱ㶼һˣȥǧ磿ʱ࣬˳ȥ档
롣Ȱɲֻ˵
½ܺ棬кܶաա
ȤȰɲֻ˵

Ȱյ뵽ͷͺҲû˵ʱСְǣģһҪ˵ʱ㡣
ԴʱڵȶԵʹȱ
С⺩ʣٹҲûͻɾž
ﲻ֪˶ĵرһ֮󣬰Сɴͻžչؽȥˡ
ˣأԲĵȰһգһ꣬½ٰʮ꣬ϣŰٰʮ죬͵ȥ½ɸ٣½ľҲУչ˼·˵Ȼ뵽ֲķˣֲɲݵĹ򡣡
šʱԥһ¡
룺ҪپܾұҪʵоƲˣ
ʱСֺ֮Уڣ񲻵ṩ˱ӻṩ˷ḻԴ
ʱҪʲôֱȥҪǡûУĺ˻ĵȥѰҡ
ζ˵챻ʱСɰˡ
ʵ⻰ίʵˡ
ʱСɲϲ黭ʫƷƣݪ߹ȵ֮УҪЩϡϰˣеȵߣȫۡ
һأģҪ˵ʱСְԵʹóϾԴӦǿӲֶΡ
ʱȰԼ½ȥɸ٣תת˼·ǸĽ飬˼˼ϢǾ͡ȥ棿˵һ˻˼·ء
룺ȻͶã˵ɹĹؼĵװ˿
ǣʱСɳһζԵʹʱֻǸġ
Եʹɽ˾Ͻ¡
ɽ˾ר½֮£Э½ٵʹͳΪɽʹ
ɽʹֿϸΪʹħʹʹȵȸʹҸְ˾ɸĽ١жԵʹרܶɻ١
ʱСְû죬ɽ˾˾µ۶ľСǰʱĶһö˵һλɾҪ½٣Եʹʾʱ䣬ǰ̨ȴ½Ͷ̥
̨̨һ֮ʵȴԶ
̨Ҫ½Ͷ̥֮ã½;޳ɹǣݶɼ½֮󣬱̨ͨط硣
̨Ƿشɣر½ģǱ̨ʱ򣬻ᱻ̨ķȥ裬޳ɹǣٰͥǵɼˣǱ㲻ط硣
£ʱȥ̨ȵģʱԶԶһʱ㡣ȴƶʵҪ½ˣ
ǰʱó˻Σʱ쵽ء룬רŸ½ģ
ţҸϢڶ˽磬ֻܺݺǸɾԵõܶ๦ºΪ
ƫƫʱ⻰۴ϵߣϡΪ
ϽĿڣŶ½棬ÿľһ㡣
룬˵½Ͷ̥֮󣬻ǲǵΪʲô½ģ᲻Ҳλٵɾʱ㻹̫Եʹôչ
ģ˾Ѿ½̰źˣ϶λɾȻ󣬺һ
һǲǵ£ؼġ
֨ƣܣţ࡭ţǸ
ʱʱ׹ͷգŭ룬Һң½Ͷ̥֮󣬸ǵ֮£ǻƨѽ
ػһ飡
Ȱ½һˣת˼·û׼ҵֲɲݵķء
ʱ㵱쭣룬Ϊ˻飬ɣӣ㡢㡢޳ܣ١
뻹ǵһαָűӴ޳һʱ֪Ǿգеزֱ㶵ؿͻȻʱ㡣
ڽ֮ʣ̨ϵ콫ʱСɣʱѵ½Ͷ̥ˡ
ʱɿһס룬еҲȥҲˣұȥ룬˵Ҳȥ
ٵͶ̥ʱˣǼϣ콫Ĺʱķڣǰʱ˺ǿ̨ȰСɣ½һ⣬ٰʮ죬ת۾͹ȥˣĪЦ
ʱץסֲţе룬ȥȻҸû꣡
֣Ѹʱڲࡣ
ʱֻϴһ̵ʹʹҪ֣ŭеʲôȥ
붣ʱ㣬ȥˣúϧԼţʱץԼָһ
ʱη׹мشУ롪Ӱһ˲䣬ʧˡ
վ̨ߣĬĬһһתȥ˶ɽ˾
л˵


2 
һλ¸
ɽ˾˾ɣڵذӭ˽ȥɲɹԼȴס
˾ӵλϣ΢΢ЦţݲȵƷɲ裬ֳɹһȻԵõӡ
һߣܲסѹһ½֣ʾ۾
ߣ
һߣȴߵöȻԼ˳ƺϽǡ񡹣ŷֱʱСѾ½ˣ
̧Ƴһۣʮºͣȴŵʱ
ƵƷ˲裬ָ̧ߵʵ˷½ٵģλ
Ԫɾ
ȥʱСɺԪɾ½ҿ
֪ǲ׷Լʧ֮ˣɰ˿תȥȥˡ
һֱĶľСɵ˵̣档
һͣܿµ߿ˡ
̧ͷľСɣЦշģʲô֣
С΢΢һ񣬲ػصСɶľʮˣۣڶɽ˾ʹ
뵭ЦţתߣϵľյЦǣһҸ棺ڣͱ̫¡
ľˣ΢΢ɷס
ÿһСɣᱻ˾һ⣬һĽ̵ЩСռһʶ̷𲽣磬һȷ׸ӵȼɭϣĵط
ȻѾȥʮ꣬ЩϾ̷ʱ̻ڶľСɵ
ڳԣ˵Ҫ̫£ôԾѵͲ˾ɭɭ̷
ʱɰù롣벢ܻ䣬ɺͶľСɵ棬ע
ûۣȻŭسֱɣ˭̣ұ࣡
ɱˣһҲˣϽλǾͬƵģСɵ¡
λǾָ϶ǡ϶Ǹ˾˾ƽְ˾ϼ۾¡
У˾Ǿƹ˾»Ǿƹܹ»ǾƹǾƹƣǾƹãȶǾƹܱ֡
ٵɺͶɽʹǵ½羭λǾͬơ
ʾԪɾ½ͶĳӣǿͶɴŹµʱСɣͷҲ̾λǾұ࣡
ǿʱС½ԵȻᷢôڣ
ɽ˾ִֻ̣Լ£ںȰⶼǷ½£ġ
ܿסԼһץҵԶֻץתҪ뿪
ɼΣȰ򲻿ɣ
кβɣ
ߺͶԵʹ½Ͷ̥ˣ;ѾʱλǾ޸̣ƱػΧң롣Ūһǧ磬˭
û˵꣬Ѿһ䣬Զ
ϾɣͬΪ綥ڣɲȫ޵ֻֿ֮벻䲻ض֡ˣ֮ܿʹסΣȻء
֮΢΢е˵δĻΪ񶥹
еǸϲŭɫǰֻչºͿ׵һ棬ʱһŴ۵ļ
Щɣ۾ɵ۵ȣΪݣûصģֻ䣬ɵòԴƭˣ֪ܣ
ֻôһСΪʱСɣȻƹΡһ߻һȻʵλʱСɣĪǡĪǣʱСʲôر
ճºͿףʵĿ޳¸ûۡ
ʱСۣܵΪѣʱСɶԼȡ±ʱСرģѾĹ㷺ע
յօһڣָ˳̬°̷Żز輸ϣ˵Ѿ̣Ϊõ޸ģ
Ѿ̣ǿ޸ģΧҡٴȰ½֮£档αð޸ģ
ߣƲסͷŭٴƹ̲סһ
ĹʱСɺɶԵʹ٣ʱСɾǿ裡½磬಻¡
ĬһȻطԸǾͷ˾ӣ׼ʱ½總ݡ
ûʲôɣӦû⣬Ҫ˼С
һ߶˲ˮĶľ𾪵ʧ˵Υͥģͬͥ´ĽΥ
½·̨ͨͶ̥½ֻ֮һͨķˣȲļ䣬Ҳг˵
ͨ½磬൱ڴԽļ䣬ԱһЩ̥ܳܵ΢ƾͷ½˷ˣ췭ظ񹲷ߡ
ͥͨ½磬ظ飬½򣬻ᵼ´ǧıɵ۶ֹ˽Ը½硣
ľĿ䣬ɸϽ߳ȵǰȥ
ص˵û
ľҪ˳˵ûͣ½Ųʵ֪ʷ̷𣿡
Цľ
ɸϽöľ˳ȥ˵ɱСɡҪǸΪ磬ˣ
Цм죬ܺɽ˾á
ֵңСǴʱСɵ½̣ǿڡ
û˵꣬ѾᣬϽӦСһѻǣ´αƺ̣֮ǰĿ
ɵϵĿͲˣ档ٸЩ۶Ӿˡ
مһɲ裬²յóֻСͲڲ輸ϣһվߣһ˵Щ裬СǷ˰ɡʡǱֹ˵Ұ£ûźô
ֻԼѶ亹ʪˣһľϽסǸɺں³
ŷʮ֪꣬˭Ȼ֪η
𣿻˭
ǺǡЦû˵ȥĲͲ鿴һ򿪣̲ס⡭ʮ̣
ʮ̣裬вĸʴ⣬͵аРĹܣΪкܴ
˵ʮ̲۾񸮵޵֮ϣ޵ʮ㱻ˡʮ֡
̡һɲƷ֣ϡ棬ʮķ̣ܵ۾Ϣ󣬳˾͵аРܵʮ̡
ʮ̴ʮԳȥȱ۾Ϣֻὥ̡ͨˣʮ̲٣һϡ
ĸÿǧ껹ٰһ磬۾޵ʮ̣۾ȴֻԼãˣһ
Ƣ裬оһǧ꣬ڵõʮ̣񻹴ֱʵظ϶ÿһͲ
ԱĶľ˵ɣлߣҪֶ̣
˵ʲô
ƫľԹ飬ƽ˵鿴½̣½總ԤǾ̣Υ£ɵ۸״Ҫö죡ɣҪƬҶϹۣ
ɲᣬһ·Сɣ£֪٣ȥ˾һˣʮ꣬δֻװ
ƫľǸִֵӣֻʮһŲҶ˵˵ˣΥͷ·׷û£ֻȴ鷳
ɣͬУͨ׽뷷ͰģͨΪġвԣȴûԡ
ֲԣҲΥĵ֮һ
ûݵ
ոշСɽѵˣɸϲͲžһѲͲ輸ϣЦǣ춼ûȥ˾ְ˷˲š
Цȴģľٳٶ٣Ҳ֪Լ˶ͷ˾ϽֱСΪɺãû˼
ɳһɨѲ輸ϵͲɨľȥЩ͸λǾ˳Ļǡ
ľʵɼ˵ϡѵãôôࣿǼٲ裿
֪ʲôͲȥǱһóСͲʮ̣ɻҲľСһٲ軳ɡóģûа㻳ˡ
ȶľӦŵԶˣɳ˼ţʱСɵǸʲôͷֵõ۾˽ţҵȥɸ󣬲λʱСɵǰ
ɼܹ鿴ĵģô˲֪ز鵽ʱСɵͷӡ


3 
ʱһܸ
ǧ磬һͨƽ硣
ʮ꣬¡
ݣǰԺԺһʮ߰꣬ü忡꣬أĲбڹϣ۾ССԺѾһ
һƬһƬĻ꣬ŴĴ֦ͷƮȥӣֻ˸գȻشóǵ䣬ء
°ŵĴɫ۵꣬ƮĵɫĻ꣬һף壬ǷϣżζĻ
ͻȻһӵĽŲɿԶԺţ˴ƿһʮ괩ŻΪӢӴһȺʹӣŭ˽ϵϺȵʱ㣡Ķ
ǱһһЩҵشվԼ߹껪ӣܿ˷Ʈ½ϵĻ꣬һ壬γԡ
ǰүĵӣүӢƹĸİΣͷ
ֻүش´ͳһͰ͵Ķһĵʱϣɵĺ£ʣ
벻Ӣ˵˵ű㶯ˣϽʵʵһƣǳӢϰ֮ˣûǶֱĵˤڵϡ
˲ʹϽȥǶȴһ𣬿Լּ
ʱ˳ӢŭӺζģһɣ̶һ֪£ûˡ
ϵĻѾεӢȻݡһվһ߷˷ϵĻҳ˵壬ĸо֮һ£˸־ͬΪı̸⣿
ЩȴйϢ˵Ҳһ䲻ﬣԴȴ
Ӣ˻֣˵⣬ŷݵǰĸѾЩظ֮ͽһͷˣﻹֵõС˵죿㲻˼𣬷ܸı棬ģ
˵ܸ棿֮£ļʵͼıλ˲Ҳ֮£ҲʱΪĺˣͬۡ
ƺ׼ݵǰλүӢʳʳʲôѧͳТ塣
Ӣȴ񱻲ȵʹһ㣬յߣвζ˵ʲôıλֻûرԼĶ
Ե̫-÷ï˵Ҳаٶã˶֮λԼõõģҪ´ңӴҹɱ
Ӣٴ񱻴ʹѹŽеʲô̫-棿ôԶ֮£˾֪ǰҲһ
һãʲôһģˣ㲻ͳͼı棡
ӢһƤϱ粻꣬úֱеʱ㣬ҿӲʱ
۴ԺϽһѪ߰ߣѾһϢˣƵģǰ
ʱһˣŬάֵĴ̬֮ʱƹɫ䣬ɿض-˲˵һѪۺ˺ۣ˰§ڻ̼ؽл룡룡
˼ѵڲʱ㻳ﴭϢţź죬Ѫ˵١١үԡԡ𡭡Сġּû˵꣬˹ȥ
ʱ̧ͷݺݵصӢѰôˣ
⸱ʧģӢԾýЩЦСˣҷŰô
ô
ӢԼŭ𣬺ǺЦ㰡ʲôȥˣ
ʿ֪ԼţӢˡԼģһʵӢǶ붯̣붨ǰżŻ˵ԲԼ
ʱĬȻԣӢĸӣóԺúȵĹţͬһ㣬ĵԲˣ㵹ѧҾˣˣǷﾰǸλϵˣȫҵͷ㻹Ҫɵѽ
Ӣе㻳ɲʱԴǲǶɵˣ˭ǳˣ˭Ƕ˶ֲ壡
ʱ㿹ǼҾҽң˽СҾǾ壡С塭
Ӣ֪Լ粻ʱ㣬Ҳͬʱ۵ģǷţŰŰɣһסʱ񣬰˽ȥȵȥ
ڳӢ£ʱȫûзֻ֮ģŬ³
Ӣʱ㣬㲻֮ͬ£ҲӦÿĸһһ㾡ܱȴдܸǣӾʮ꣬ǹ֪ҡҡβͣȴ˶𱨣˺ģ
Ųʱ죬ſ˵ԼдţԼȥҾ͵ûдһֱ󵽲ʱ͵ͨ죬ҪϢ֮ʱ֡
Ӣһ֣ʱһ߿ţһ߰˳˵ǸҾ͸˵ҰųˣЩ£ͿԵû
Ӣ˵˵ˣҾҪϵ£ûڶҿԵûдܸţҿԾôˡ
ʱóӢŷˣĵȨ߶ħˣҵͷ¶βԼĸ淢˵ܸţӢȰ壬ִԲֻٲ֮أѰɡ
ʱ⸱ˣϵԽŭ˳ӢһӽеϿ
мȥһЩסʱ㣬һЩȥˣʮִ³ذСӲʱ㻳ק
С˴Լôһקϵˣʹ˹Ųʱ㣬ɢ룬촽ȴ˵ˣԼʮΣ
ʱ㱻۰ţߣȴ룬ʹѣӢеſſҪ͵ģ¡ĪøС
Ӣץס˲ʱ⻰˵ۡҪųȥģϵ£ڶܼ򵥣£ȲȣͿˡ
ʱ᣺㡢㡢ҪЮӲΪ
Ӣѹ˲ʱβĳУͷƽһЩǰҾҪЮˣôӲӵģɡ
ӢֹɵغѣøϽˡҿѽС߲һʱˡ
Сǲ׿ʱʮһ꣬ȥԺʱġʱСһ꣬Ѿʱˡ
ĸӼסڰߵ˷̣ɶģǲӣǵδⲻ㣬˦ӣָɣĸҪʹǮǲŶ
˲ĸֻСˣǲҵˡʱ㣬ǾľĹ
ڼµӣи˵飬Ҳʱ㲻ٵο壬ˣʱ׺
벻Լ͸ţȴ뺦ʱ㿴⸱ҵӣھ˺Ͳ֮䣬ת˼վǾ˵ͷռϷ磬е룬ͦסҡҽ㡣
ͷҪ裬µϵţ˲ð࣬Ӳȥ
Ǹо̫裬ֽʹ˺ֻѲʱʵӯȻΡ
īǰ䱸ǵĺīдֺ㣬ɫɳȴֿɬζƳ
źʱ۾Ӣ˵һڣˮ
Ӣȴ˹ؼЦԵͦģóԣ
ӢֻԼûиϽȥʱ֮࣬߷ߣۿӯˮ̶
ӢЦʲôʱ㹫ӲǶӲ
ʱĵ裬һĨᣬһߵؿ壬򣬾ȾȰɣôһѽ
¿ͷѣ˵Ļÿڣһ˿ڣƺֲǺˡ
ӢռϷ磬ֺһЩ˵зģɻء÷ģᵽ£ڶһֲй©ȥּ˵ĸġ
ʱҲû룬ȻܾУ
ԴӲұȵּſͷ֮ʱĸ׿ΪһֱסڰĸʱΨһˣʱһĸТĿĸġ
ôУ
ĸģбסԼĸģǶĸ׵ļð£ҲǷѧ塣
ӢЦĶѣôбˣĵȻԼ׽ҪģԳ⡣ֻҪúģĸȻû¡ⲻĲϣǲģҾСˣѹأ뷽跨͵͵洫ţܸı
Խ˵Խ䣬ʱ㣬Ҹ㣬Ҫѱ˵ɵӣĸ׷ģ򣬱˵Сˣֻ㡭
С㣡С㣡ԶԶһ꽹ĽģдϢͽŲȻиɿԺܹ
ӢһԸţתͷʱ㣬ҪΪʮˣܸΧ
ʱ㲻ԣͷȷʵϣҵʮ߹ӳԪƽ֡ĸģȲԸҲܣǣͬȥỴ̄Ҳ᣻úȡ᣿
Ԫúܿ죬߳ÿЩūţҵСүҵ·࣬ȥţǰүΨһӣȻδõ͢⣬ʱ⣬˸˺ǶǡССӡĽ
Сӵȥţȴļְ˽ŵסˡ
򶷳һţֻѹţŶţҽУСӣһ˴򲻹
ԪѧֻһСˣģĽˣݣǰ۶ֻ֣һ߿Ÿżе壬ס֣ԴСԶ٣ʲôӣ
ӢһЦʮ߰㼸ʱعˣ
ﱲڶ࣬ǷֱϰĻ䡣룬˷ֳɣ໥Ʋ϶Է
ԪƲЩ赶ŪǹֵܣţҲƲ佫壬ֻͷʵ޾⣬಻׽
ԪӵúܣԳӢķʣԴֻӲͷƤе壬쿪ţлú˵ҪΪС㡣
ӢҲ㲻Ԫĳֿ֣ʱ㣬̬Ϊʣżȵ
ʱ㿴룬ֻ뱻һţ΢ٵĴ쿴ˡ
ʱȥԼţҲùһЩǣһ㱻һһЮסŸ첲ѹڵϡ
ʱһһ߿޽ҵ壬Ⱦ룬Ҫˣ
Ӣ˹صѾ˵ˣȲ㣬ҡˣϽѽٶĥˣ㺦ģԹ˭
ĳԪ⻰ƵвӢ壬СôˣٲţҸҵȥ
ӢЦʮѽͻŻҡתͷʱ㣬ЦСʮҪ͵ܸŵֵǰȥǺúӡ
ʱһӢ⻰֪Ӣûа͵͸淢ŵ£ֵүǰȥ仰˵͵͸淢ŵ£ĿǰҲֻгӢ֪ѡ
죬ʱүӵѧʵĻᣬҾѧ˼룬үǰúñһ޵ذʾµ˰ͼıȰ롣
ʱһ׵ӵǵϿɣԳһЩӵܣȫĬȻԡ
үʱֻ΢Ц룬ؾسʱ㼸䣬˵ڲźá
ѧ֮󣬰ϣʱ㱻˸Ժ˵үϲʱҾۣʡʡ
ʱԣѪգԼѧ۵ûд֮һʱޣҹдǷ淢ţҹ͵͵ǽȥ͸Լ游һλ
ͳŲãʱ侲֮󣬱ˡش¼ô£˺и淢
ʥðĪκΣⲻǵ˰ѵȥ
ô˵ҲԼĸжҪֹүͼı죬ҲӦòȡܱȫİ취ǻȻ淢
ȻѾͳȥˣʱͷҲû취ܲܳԼȥ׷ʱĲɵ⣺͵ˣ⣬ͲҲ⡣
ʱ㿴ӢĵԼϵĸ淢ʱͷһɵԭ
ֻǣԼ͵͸淢ŵ£үү֪ˣضֵøӲճΣΣͼıĴ£ֻ׷ŹԼ㲻û۵ĸס
ûõġ
ԪȻûֻһĻʱ㣬סӢȥԼӣС£ҵȥ
ʱϽеСӣүû۸ҡ
Ǿ䡸û۸ҡſȥȫһвȵԪţżߣȻʱ㲻״ʱ㣬ֻпԼˡ
ǣСŶţҪôŶ룿
鼱֮£Ԫе࣬ˡ
Ժʱ㿴ϢԽԽ΢ȥͷֻ֣üӢ壬ˣҪˣ䲻ĸ׷ģҲһԾŶΥģ御ɷġ
ӢҾͲģĸ׷ģ
ʱ㻹û¾ģÿԺǽͷˡһֻԪһо£ǽͷϡ
ˤţԪǽͷ˫סǽͷϵƬ˲û̼ºۻȾ£еС㣬㷢ʲôģҷģҷģ
ʱֵ̱ܣԾʱ׽ˣʱ㲻ĸģȻӦġ
Ӣ֣бǽͷϵĳԪЦӴǼҵСʮ߻ѧǽˡǺشȤͷҸ˵㳤ˡ


4 
һ
ǽȻ£ǾΪԪҪ˵ǽ֮£գǽͷҽӳӢĻӣֻе壬Сſ۰ʱѹڵأ˹ġ
ӢȫԪĽ£ʮֺĺѲʱ㣺Ͻİɣĥ䣬С˾Ͳˡ
ҡҡĸ׷ġǲʱĵߡ
ԪӻʲôģС㣬ҷģ
ʱҪʲôĶ֪Ҳ½ʱΥԣӦģޱȡ
ֻãΪʱκ£ģʲô
ԪϸʱģӢͷص˰£СӼҼұһȥ
Ԫ󲻷ʮˣС㻹ٹһҪӹˣСˣСТ˳̷ģҲûáҷĲͺˣҲС׽ˡ
Ӣһϣȵ֪Ҫʱ㷢ʲôģͲ²ʱ㽫ΥԣӦ
£ʱΪͼİ֮ܲԣ֮˻᲻ӦģǺ翵¡
ϵˣڤڤ֮У⣬ڿΥı֮£бӦˣ֮ˣһҪԼ׽ҪģԲŸԼ
Ԫһ˼ҪʱΧ˵СΪʲô·ģҶŵùС㲻ẦӦġ˵ˣСһΪ˲Ӧģලأ壬ĺˡ
ʱ͵͸淢ţôвľٶӢȻưոݡʱ԰˵дãӢүʱ㵱ֽ
ˣүŰʱڿԺͳ棬˵ʱ㣬ͶЧ
ĪӢԲʱһɷӣʵѾǳˣֻһׯصԣҶסʱ졣
Ϊ˲ʱ㻹дãκεвȫˣᱻɱ
Ӣ˳Ԫ⻰ͷһ˵ʱһͬı֮ǰƾԣֱӰѲʱ㽻ԪǾһӡ
˵Ԫ켰ˣСˣı֮£ˣԪܷ󵽼ôٹ⣬ʱ򣬸óʮ߲赽ˡ
Լĺӣʮ𣬾ҪΪĴߣ翪ʼΪҵףƾʲôԪүıӻ£ǵعСүӣ
ˣһϣҪҪߵԶҪʻĿĵأÿ˵Ŭôڴɣ
ӢͶԳԪвԪԼϸҪϽȺӷˣҲֲͷ
Ӣ˳ˮ۵عһЦǺǣ嶼ˣˣҪˣʱʮ߷ģȻУô졣
ʱ㵣룬ӢɿڣϽԪ˸ġ
ԣԳӢ˵ҪĲǣΥģҵĺѳԪú
ӢǽͷԪظʮߣˣΥģҪúѽΪԼС룬ԺɵðѲʱ㶢ˣ
ԪںĲôʲôֵģ
ԪԣֵǣС㷢˵κ¶淢д֮¡
ʵʲô淢ţ˭дĸ淢ţ淢ʲô£ҿͷиֱʲô淢ţǰйأǳҪ
ȻӢʱ㶼ûԪʣʱ㷢ģӢʱ䣬ǰߡ
ʱ󾪣һȥ룬һʳӢ塣
Ӣ۰ϳ˿ԺվſڣһſڣԺҪûˣҪҩûҩôΣǰСֱȥҽݡߣү˵һԾŶ˵ҪȣԻᾡȣűǡ԰գˣﳤȥ
Ӣһ뿪۷ɿذѿԺŹϣ
ʱֻܴŷ϶ֻһۼţһ·Զȥ۵ôеǰ̧ѽôţƣ
ӢһûʱĻߵ÷ɿ죬С˺ܿ㿴Ӱˣʱһһ¹ſڡ
Ԫʱһȥǽǽͷϲ£ãеС㣬ȥ
ʱ㻹뱻ߵĵǺðȻŵʹ֮УûԪ
汻ؿԺȰСӣȥү˵ˣү淴ʡʡ˽ȥš
ƨղүôȥģ
ŵ۵үŸĻ͸֮⣬СȻҲǸүүүǲһġ
һ۸ϽֿŰӣܺˣС֮СӴǽͷˤˣҲѲ˸ϵ
Ԫſǽͷͷ£ǽʱ㲻Ҳûӣֻþ۵ַǽȥ
ǽԪеС㣬£Ҹҵ˵˵ͷ㣬
ʱǲűѹһ㣬ϽԪСӣȥ룬չЩ
ԪӦţǽϽһˡ
ǽȥѧϿʱʱûСȥ
룬һ˵үؽǰÿԺƺŭү
ԪԷĹܳʱ㡣Ȼûаʱȳ׸ʱʱΧ
磬Ԫ񲻶װѧɿʰ䣬ҽܡ
ƽѧ֮Ԫᵽĸ׿˵˾밲˵ʱĸһ÷ȻڶԿ֮ǰصԺĵԺӼΏӡ
ǰżҲͬһԷÿʱԪоҸˣΪӷ˺ӵӶеٳ衣
ֻһ꣬ƺæʲô£ƢãͬһԷˡ
Ķзﾰǣڵĺݣﾰаʮ·̣ۣһտɵȻиݡ֣ʵֻǷﾰϽµһƫԶС򣬹ﾰǸϽ
ںռ㣬ԼרҽݡӢ˵ҪȥҽݣȻȥҽݡ
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ҽͯ˵ŶʵǱѶǸСѽ̫ûһˡ£̫ˣһ㲻塣
ˣϽʣʬأ
ҽͯүԸˣȥˡ
С⣬мأĸˣҽͯҡͷ˵֪æԼĻȥˡ
ˣԪˣͷ΢΢һС˵ʱ뵽֪ʱС˵ģ᲻ĵúޣ
Ԫ׻ӲͷƤȥ˿Ժţجĸʱ㡣
ԺкһûжԪţһڰգòܡ
Լѳζ뵽İοɰͰ͵˵С㣬㲻ҪѹԼûԹ㡭
֪Լ߶߶Ͱ͵˵Щʲôοʱڵ͵͵ؿ޽һ룡
һֻԪĶ޲ˣϽȰС㣬ĪģѾˣ㡣
Լİο԰ֵĸ׸СˡҪҵҲԣҰ㡭
ĬȻԵվһߣ
ʱڵ͵ͳˡСٺãҲģǱ˼ҵġ
ֻ룬ǲҵˣϵοκ۸費˵ġ
Ԫæѽ㲻Ҫ࣬ĸõģϲõġ
ʱ㲢ûб̫ãܿ˿鶣ԪҳȥСӣ򸱺ʵĹײģ簲ᰢ롣
ҪСʬԪС˱ӵĸӶ֪磿
ʱȻУԪûаֳɵӦ浣̫ʱ䣬ٴΰοʱ㼸֮󣬱뿪ˡ
Ԫһ·ͷԼĸ׿˾ס˾ӸϣסʵСӣүʬôѽҪҪȥүǱߴʬ䣿ۺȥװ磬ñҰˡ
ͷҪɽˣʬҪǱϹһҹûҰй⣬ҲضõòˣôϺ磿øϽȥ磬ȫġ
ʵڣмֽ飬ͷҲϣܰȻᣬ˵껰Ҫܿ
Ԫ˿ͣеǸʲôĸͷˡѵС㻹ٿɽȥûʬ
ʵػصᡣ
ԪⲻͽˣȥͷɽѵøЩٿ̸õĹȥ֣Ӿͳˡ
ࣺͷײ̣ʵʬأСݵշѽ
ԪͣŴĹ˵㱿ˣˣ֪ʲôĹһᱻµĳӿУǱҰУǱӿУʲô
ٴֻСӣԲЩ
л˵
ףλСʹ´֣⡣
Ұݸ
ƪԺὥ³ӭСʹǰۣллҡ


5 
Ԫһ׮
˾ӣԪ׿ˣҪ밲类׿һѽѽһøƵģʲôȥˣ
ԪĸףԼȥʱ£ԭԭ׿ˡ
׿һ߽·Ԫϣһʲô£ҪүѶƹСʲô£үڿԺ
ǰͥ£һլˣЩĵصǣѾСüˣҲǿģүôµȥǸ֣
׿ɫдżȻ̾ϢúһӣôûˣѽǸúúС㾡⣬ôСһ
Ԫ̬Ӧĸ׷ģѾҹȥʬˣС£ȻҪСġ
׿˷ģֵүҲǣôˣôֵ»ûûأֲۼҵˣҴɱҲգͷС˸С㡣
ƽǲ׿ģˣɱ˲ҵˣȻǸġ
׿˸ʱĸ׿϶ڳ׿ңã׿壬׿ģ겢׿˫歡
ΪݹϵĸӵĳԴöȣȻȲǣҲһͺúܶࡣ
ΪݹϵʱŻԪƺӢΪ塹
ԪɵøСõģҪ˵Ǹá
úúãǵȻġ׿Цֵǡã㸸׽˴˵ҪԷһС˵˵û㸸װų
ĸ˵һ͸һ˵үˣϾ͵
ʱһʮ˽׿ĸǰ
ӳţֻɫЩϣһǾôλ֮ˡһǱϴ֣ͬʱ˷ɿذں÷һӵˣȫϢţĬ
ԪǾܿףڴ֮ͥ£죬ѧ
Ѿܾûͬ˽׽ˣʮָ˵˸׵λãھ͸˵ѧ£Ż㱨Լѧҵ
ףԪ˵ԣס˵˵űװ״СС˴ˣСڿԺô۸С㣬øСۡ
׿ʱһ߸ͼӴ׵رԹǸСֲۼҵģүˣһø˼һҲ֪۸ϵöȣһһţҲùܹүǱƢ
ӢЦſһ׿ˣԪʱҽйؽԺġҵ˵Ϣˣǽء
׿˺ȻΪʲôֻԪһۣ㻹ᷭǽˣõĲѧ
һ½ҴԼ٣Ԫ飬ûףСڿԺʲôҪ£ܽѵǡ
׿˸ҲȰСһֻݣǿģȻʲôҲãҲãʲô˹ȥүа
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׿˿óɷԼͥ£ʣֻٴζ̵ЩСųǼС㣬Ҫġ
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׿ÿһ죬ҪŻ˵Ǽӣضɵġ
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Ӣһ˷ϴڣһԪ˵ȥ鷿л˵
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ӢЦ׿ЩıӰ͸Ǿŵĵӳ£õԶȥˣŴԪȥ
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׼ȶӼ֮˵ܻŶӵļޡӣճﱲʮߡ
׿һŮ󣬲¶ӣδѾʮüˣϰĿԽԽС
ⱲӾֻôһˣȻϧýʵʵģԪ񣬹еص
ԪڿԺӢһ֣ӢŻᣬӢԣǻҪòʱ㣬ܸͻ
һСģѲʱС˸Ѷˣʱ϶ˡ
ʱǳ˵ȥ˵ֻ·⣬԰Ѳʱ㽻Ԫȥ˵
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ڼ䣬һ㣬һһðһճ˶ӳڻʺ󣬱Ϊ̺
ǿʼߴٻʵѡȻǴӣΪӼȵҳԸţƷжΪ̫ӣ顣
⵱ڣﾰ֪Σҥԣ˵Ӹ۵ĶӣʱТʺûлУ̫Ϊס֣лʺ̫ҽǻѳϲ
ͬʱָ̫ʷ˾۲쵽࣬ľͨǲʿûмʱ΢ǲ쳣̫ʷ˾Գƹ۲⵽»֮ף֮˵
Ȼʮʱȥˣ̫Тʺ̫ҽһɹŮ̫̫࣬ʷˣĪʧ٣֮һ֤ݵ˶Ҳˣ
Ԫʣѵ游治ȵ۵Ķӣ
Ӣڅݲ裬һϣ²յһԪԴϣʲôأѪᴫУܹģ
ԪűʹԴʮֹĵʣײ˵ȫҲˣ˭֤游˵ݣ
̫ʷ˾ǸףпǼٵġǣ游̻̥ʮģ̫ҽԺҽҽɲ飬㵱̫ҽѾˣЩҽҽüٵġ游˭֤ȵ۵ĵճӣɡ
ӢȻԪʼ񣬱ҪĵذԪʺʵۼϵĹͷϲѶ£ж˶ţװУȻⱧǾܵ¡
ݺû⣬ԸƷҲû⣬󳼺ҲĬϣճ˳֮¡
ԪĸǵȻƫԼ游һߵͷһ游߷߲ƽԭЩ˵游ԲѪͣǺ˵˵
Ԫű游ƽүүѵ游ǲԼ׹Ϊʲôٳٲ游Ϊ̫ӣ
ΪӢ˵ʵ۲ϲТʺλĶΪ
ۺֹǲϲТʺ󣬼ֱޣТʺƶʣ¶λزֻۡТʺأץ֤ѱ޹ʷϺ
Щ飬Ӣ߶ӣֻһ䡸ϲ
ԪĬһЩӵʣλӡǡȵۣ
ȵ۾ǵʥ»ʵ۵ĸס
ǣ˵游͵ġԪõ˸һ󣬹˵ȥѵǣȻѪ׶ȻˣǽͣȻվסˡ
ȻǣĴŶ˹ŪƽյġѾȥʮˣӢҲߣ̲ӵȾԵøӷߺޣǶǷƨʲôãλãĻλӲ游ȥģ
ȵ۵ĻλȻǴԼ游ȥģ


6 
Ԫðһ߳ܵ뷨
ĻԪһһ̲֮ס룺⣬ڻλϵģȻӦ游׵ȻӦΪ̫ӡԼΪӢΨһӣǻλĵ˳λ̳ˡ
Ҳ˵гһգҲܹλƵۡ
뵽ЩԪϲḶ́ͬʱľɥİգԭǼԭԵϻλȨ۷壬Ϊˡ
һ뵽ԼпܳΪˣԪĳĵһ뷨ҾܸСһƽԩѩˣڶ뷨ǣҪС࣬ͬɽͬȨ١뷨ǣС㳯ϦԣͬǵĽɽعһһ
뷨һĳԪԼһ
ӵܣֻʮ꣬Ѿ£ؽɵлŮ֮£һ֪⣬Ī档ĸŮͷûйΣ
ԪһģŮһģĻþе𽵹֮£ûвһһ뷨
ҪС㹲һһ뷨һ±ͷԱ˳ίʵ̫ͻأ̫ˣô뷨ôܸСһȹһһأ
ԪͷһתܿԼ⣺ԭϲʱ㣡ദĳĺĺڲ֪䣬ϲ˲ʱ㡣
ֻҳ뷨Ǳʶﶼҳ뷨һֱŬذʱĹϵΪѣֵܡ
ֻŮˣΪҪġС㣬֮ϵȻ¡
ʱڵ֪游пܼλΪۣɵһ£ԼΪʵ֮ΣһݣЩĵףյ뷨һð˳
ϲʱ㣬Ҫʱһһ
Ȼ֮䣬Լĸ飬Ԫݸһ̶˱ǵضܸ߳ûôԶԸӲһһ뷨
⳯ǶϷΪݣǽѰСͯѣһ׮¡ֻҪͬʱ縺ԼΣҪֵ̫Ѻͼ˶һ۱һۣװơ
ʱѰСͯǽ𴨴µ磡ϵ˵֪Ѵ˵Сͯ棬϶ÿˮ
ʱֵĸ飬棬ϲϲʱһһͺܳˣӰ쵽׹ϵѾͨϷķΧˡ
һݸ飬μ˹⣿ܱ˺ͼɣ
ңϲʱ㣬ʱϲһϲ𣿻ʱֵģֵ飬ɣ
ĻⱲӣԼûϲ˵ڡԼֻܻϲϲˣŮңҪЦԼף
Լһ˲䣬Ԫֻãϣûб˵ˡ
û֮ǰԻججĹӣ̫ܣһԼĸ飬Ԫֻã˲׵ԨҲˣķÿһϢʹļ尾߳ܵĿɡ
ԭ˼ǳӳγ꣬Ȼ䣬
ڣڸ̸£ԪŬԼұ¶ʲôֻɫһ򼤶糺죬һòҰס¸׿ʲô΢΢ʹͷ͵︸ס
˵𳾷£ӢҲԼ˼Уûע⵽ӵɫãͷǾȵ۸ĸˣıƣ游Ļλº󻹷ųҥ游˵ԲѪ͡
ԪֶյȲ裬¸׿ԼڲֻܰݺԼĴȣʹԼ֮Уʵȵ۾ΪҥԣѶΪ̫ˣΪ˲ӣԲ뷷游Ϊ
ӢĬһŵǵǡ۵ڻǲĶֱ粻ĵزʵԪĸˣӢ˵սһġ
һ۲ݵ⣬Ҫһء
ʼʱص㣬ʱ⣬ص㽥ѡ⡣
Ϊ̺֮󣬶ƾĸҲ˵ճݡϼ˳£ۼʼѪΪ
ֱѣ£Ĵ󳼻ռǾӵӡ
֮һ˶ʮ꣬ӺͶȺȢӡ
۸չѮСˤһӣзˣб˵վţ˵ѣû³ʵӣҪôλΪ̫ϻʣҪô̫Ӽ
˿̲ݻĵز
ڴǷֳɣڻʵ۵Ĳǰֲò۵òɿ
˵һֱӣּѵ̧֣ΡΡָ˼ԲˣҪΪ
ִ֧һɵĴˢˢ£ڻʵ۵Ĳ֮ǰݵ䣬ָӵӵڴ۲ݣ˫ˮĽ۵ޱͶ롭ȫûע⵽۵֣Ŷţֲʵشȥ
Ϊӣվ۵λãǶ÷ҵ֣̲סЩ
ĸѽֻǸ˷ˣǴǻֻԼੲݵۣԼţرŻʵԼӵĻӣȫڲϵˣŵĲʹĮȻӣĺ
ӽһʡ̧סȻ֡
ۼѵ̧Լĳӣͨѻ軨ۣôרעֻһʱһΣᡣ
󿴶ˣĸá
ճӳãǲ¼ǧʷγķ׺ʹͳһǰգǵճӳá
ճһҪκŬֻҪشʧӵڶ󳼵ӵģǵճȨ
Ϊ˰ӣԵ֮𣬺ٹ̣ĵĴͳס
֮ͷȲѣҡ
ۼΪ̫ӣԳֻͷҪȥТʺһôӣ㵹˵ճ޾ͲĶΪ
ӱͱȽϸ壬ϸͰ͵ԼѾˣڶʾԼԸ̷ʲ壬öӼ
õãֻöӼѣȸˣûдλگҲճ̳лλճãȻ֧Ĵռ¶ӲȨ
ԼǶһʱìܵĺð취飺ӽ̼ٳ
󣬶ڽǵֳ飬̵ʥּλڶӳ
Ȼλʥּ񷨣ʵۻûλʥּѾˣӵӵڴ󳼱˸ֲڽǵϣûͷԲߡ
򣬶ӰѾ˳ôȨҪģѡ˳ĬҹȻּ
ճɴڶһɵĴӹɽ֮Ҳأ鲻Ըعȥ
ʱ游ڸʲôԪˣⳡУȱһɫϵܵ˻λ游ѵһԣҲ̫˰ɣ
ӢһʹѾϰѳ֣游һǻТģ̼ڹϵ游ųʹ֮ʱһѾ䶨ˡ
ԼǱ󳼳ϵĳѡȴ϶Ӳߣеı԰˱Ʒ裬ûз裬ǿ
ǵ˵ĳӢἰҪϵƽϢԼ
ȻҲдֱɣһӣӴѹˡŶڴ󳼵ӵ£ּǻžΪۡ
ʵ۲λճȴ˴ӣ䣬Ҳ˺ۣܶˡԲѪ͡˵仰˵ΪάճĳõλźŪô˵˵֮ڡ
꿪겻ã̫ϻʼݱ
̫ϻʼݱ֮ǰ뷷ʳӳΪϮ档þۺͰһģҪֵѰǽУž۵棬˰һּһȯ
֪ԼĳӺʹ֮䣬ûʲôֵ֮飬ˣڴִλֺ֮´ӶԳӸϾɱòǰά
ּ˵ʲôˣԪʡ
Ȼּһֱϻû˴򿪿
ʲôʱԴ򿪣
ȵְּ游˵֮ʱſɴȻּб۵ζ
ΪǰһֱûҶ԰֡
˾ʮ꣬ҵڣ˰һӵܵĹְΪ١ȻѰϳ˷ﾰǣںݸжӡ
ҪѰżȨģ°Զ뾩ĵطܿƣŰѰںݣﾰǲԶĵط
󣬾ȵ۶԰үֳǳɵҲǳûиõİˡ
游£·Ԫһţඥ˵ȵ۶ȵ۷ģҪֵѰǽټǵּ͵ȯԣܱ̺С㣿
ԼûзѾˣӿɽҲӢ̹ЩĶӵļͷ˵ȵҪɱˣ£ֻǰŸҳȣҲֻǰžȵ
ʵǲĸӣЩ꣬Ⱥ࣬ȵۺ͵ʥɱ¾ȵͶ·ˡ
ȻǾȿѵķȫô֮ˣǲֵġ
ЩȵͶˣͣΪĳıŸԲͬá
һϯ̸ԪδӴ˼նĵ꣬ɿسɳ֪ײ޹Ե֣µذЩϸϸظԼɵðԲ²⣺׸˵ôһͨ£ڣ
뵽̸ʼʱ֪ڸʲô¡⣬ԪͷȻڣءλ
Ӣӣǡءǡûء
ı֮£ǡûءλ


7 
Ԫһ
λԡûء
ǣǡءǡûء䱾ʣı
Ӣ˶ӵɻ˵ϳΣȵۻڹأǿλλԲ˳ϲλ֮ˡ游ûش˳ĳˣҪ£ǲı棬أֻ¡ûءԭ͸游Ķ
ø׶ȰԪܿˡı£ԡûءλشߡ
̲룺û˻λôгһգҲܵǻƵۣ
˻ʵۣͿ޹˼ɵظСһˣܱô룬ҲԲСϲϲ԰СǿԼߡ
ȻúôС㣬С٣࣬С㹲ͬ彭ɽһһ
ϵλ·һ⣬ս˺ڰԨΪģǲյܸ߳ϣ;ꡣһ˲ΪˡûءλĿӵͼᶨͽ
ǵģֻûػλϵλСһ
ԪļͷӢΪʲô뷨̽ʵΪЩ֪Ϊʲô𣿡
ΪԪ˹ҳˣΪˡ˵Ҫʲô£۾ؿŸףֻŸ׵һԸΪΪûءλ
⻰Ӣȷʵοû뵽Լһֱŵĵӣ˶Ҫǣڵ
ǺЦ˵㳤ˣȻ
Ԫʱף츸׻ȥ˾ĸ׺ԼԷ˳Ӣĸ״ܲ˵ص۸СǰССˣ˼ȸ״
ӢЦû״ǿأ˵㳤ˣˣΪˡ벻֮ˣǰΪС㡣
ԪʱˣʲôʱΪˣֹʲôǣǣ׵Ŀã᲻÷ֻǲԵЦЦ
ӢûעӵС飬˿Լӻµе˵游Ѿʮˣ;񶼴ǰˣ£þЩʹûءλ̲ݻ
λڳﱻߵģֻе˲Сûءһ˵һˣĺᡸûء֣ʵʵı档
ѾʮˣǸˣٻꣿܸڳ֮꡸ûءλȳһԶʧȥ˷ᡣ
£֮ڣڳҿ֮ʱʱ˵Ƿǳˡ
ûءλӢһλʵۣˣǳıµĹǸɺģۼ֮ԽԽŻԽԽԽԽ
ӢûЩϸ߶ӣ̫ѹ֣صԺΪͰѲʱ㽻ˣҪúÿ
һ˫صؼҪܵκ˺ҲҪòʱ˺棡
ʱ֮ǽ𴨴ŹݡĲӵܣ;ͨڣòʱ棬£ӵܣڳҰһɺܴ
Ҳǵðµǻµ۵ķգҲҪ²ĸӵ⡣
ӢԪͷذ˰˽ε˼ܲܰʱ£ˣͿˡ
ӢŲʱ㣬һʱţڵãӣͻҹȻѲʱȰ汼˵£
£ʱ㣿ΪԼˣ
Ԫˣ׾ȻʱиˣǣиĻӦʱҵĳ˵
ŶʱҵĳֻʣĸˣŮбиĻֱ̲Ӷ˵תĸףĸתף⻰˵ˣ
ԪԲ˵ˡ
Բ˵֮ԪֻȻˣԭԼĸĸЩˣѾϲСˣԼȴողԼ⣬Ǻ֪Ըٶ۵˷ָĵز
Ȼ֮ԪͷӿһϲԼĸĸ̶Ͽݸ飬˲Ż֣µذʱиԣûеڰԨθ飬Ȼų̂棬õ˫Ͽɡף
ϲ֮Ԫһ󾽴ߣѽѽԼС£ǿˣˣиҪôͻȻôֱѽи׼òѽ
ߴ֮ԪָԼҪԵ𳤱иԲóʧ
ǣŬԼòɫŬԼֵ̩ȻŬסϵļȻ̬׷ģһСһ𣬰ûءʧȥĶǣ
ɬǿϲŤãԼĹ򶨣ùӢ۹⣿
ӢȻԶӵ仯֮ңе⣬αװôɷ羰¡
෴öίʵ̫ˣһֻͨǰʾһ£ӾͱʾҪѲʱȡӪͬΪථµĺѽ
ˣӢҶ̸ĿģԲˣͷһ´ʱǼţǷųģ˵㡣
ģԪ˵е㲻̫šǰĸһ˵飬һֱûȷ̬ڵһ׼ܲأ
õ׵Ŀ϶֮ԪҪȥʱĸ̶ʱиˣʱĹϵǰǲͬˣ˳ġС㡹ˣáС㡹ܰί
ӢһѰסܵĶӣѲʱų׼ôӻûа¾飬ӡ
٣Ԫɻ󲻽̣СסҪô٣
ȻȻȱĥ˼ǲܵӢԹ˵Ŀ㿴ҶѲʱ㽻ˣҲӦúչǲǣôȥԸסأ
Ԫûع
ӢòؼӦðԺӣͬͬͬͬסʱ̶߷Χ֮ڲźáתǶҪԲʱӵѽͬͬͬͬסô
ԪЩˣֻһϯĹ򣬴ȷԼϲ֣иٵͬչôм䶼Ҫһɵģ
뵽ôҪСͬһ˫֮£ԪȵߺҲӺߣŤȫûжľˣǺصͷţ
Ԫͷ·ըһһ̻ÿһѣᣬֵҲű
Ӣʵʱ㲻ͬͬסŻ͵͵㵱Σ÷ŲʱӵĿӣϢ
ԪȫûС㻹оܾԼĿܣһʣֻһˮ͸ǰ͹ϲС㣬֪С㵽ϲϲ
Щͷɥ
ӢŶ⸱ɵ̲סʡԼԼǲǰѶӻ̫ˣʮˣӻôǳôһС£㼤Сͨ죬Լڵѣſڽ࣬ͷɥȱӦ֮ܣԺѽøӶɵ£ĥǡ
㲦ӵʱӣͰץһ٣ٲУ㻹԰һֱΪֹ
ץһ٣ղŻ֣иأôת۾ͱôײˣԪӦ׵Ļ綸䣬һʱת˵ģšһ١Ļ
ӢͷҪ£öáʶúôȻǺõģʶôҪµȥ֡һֱ㣬㻰ΪֹȵˣҪãŻءʩÿλ߱ػֶΣӢ̵ӣһ㲻˽
ԪĿ࣬ѵǷദ֮ѽδ׶ĸ׼ɫ
ദ֮Ԫܵشĵ׷ദģʽ룬˵˳ףС㣬̫ðɣ˵´򲻹С㡣ʱСһ𳤴Ҳ˵ǴС򵽴󣬱˴˺˽ԷֵҪ򵽶Էѱ²׵¡
ӢȻʵʲôãʱģȻáº͵ֶδﲻĿģǿӲֶΡ򲻹Զ֣ǻ𣿡
죬˵ӢŻ׻׻̵֪ʱãɸ飬ҪҪá
룬Ҫ游û˻λΪֻһӣ˵Ϊ֮λΪۣĴӣհǰ˺£ûһǿӲֶΣȶ̫֮λ
⼸仰˵Ԫͷǻȣԭ׶ô
£ҪԼ˲Űõ㣬ţĴ渾֮ʣûһλߵǣû˷㡣
ƺԼĻˣӦӢ̧ĶӵļͷһЩҲΪһֱ㻹С᲻ĥ㣬ųӡʱ£Ϊĵһ׮£ԺΪཻЩ㴦ĥˣԻҪġ
ԪȻ᲻ո˵ķӶԸʱ㣬ҲˣǽָθСͬ£̵Ϊ˴֮䶼ǽԣθ֮ԡ
Ԫ´Ϊжĸ׶ĵ΢涼ָ㵽ˣǲġһøʧ
ͷܽˡ
󣬳ӢֶԪ̵һֻѳԪ̵øСƵģͷ̡ܽ
ۿʱ䲻ˣԵЩĲ裬ӢöȻȥ
ٱԪɲɸ˸һ𣬺ýŵķˡ
ھҪȥŲʱӢеС⣬ɫˡ
Ԫͷûһɣڣ
һֱôϲС㣬ӿһɺ޲ðСӵԼݺϲһĳ嶯
ȻѾԼĸ飬ټϸ׺̶С֣صиˣ嶯һʰֻ޲ϳ嵽ԺСԺӣʹˣú۰һɾǵһ˫ã֪صһһ
벻ӽ˲£ôɾʮ㣬Ӣϻο±˸棬Ԫһȥ


8 
зգ
ŵ˳ӢĴ֮󣬿űȥˡ
ԺڵϹģһյССֻƴһطԪΪ˿ѵùԼһŵԺߡ
ߣʱڷеǰүųȥȻүɶԣб£ү
׼ʳ飿ԪæеС㣬ء
ѵʱ⣬ָˣСӣô㣿ôˣһ˵ǰͷѽҪȰҳԷ⿪ڣҪҵꡣ
Ԫеʣˣ
һ١ʱǰȻؽԺʳϴźģǽġ
ʹ֮£벻Чķжžʳ飬ƺΨһġ
ʱȻ£׿չţһʳǣһ٣ܵҪίҪ
Ԫ۵ý˵ҵˣŵѾˣȥԷգĪӡԼˣԼϧ
ţүͷԼȥˣѵʳ֮ôãʱ㱾̱ڴϣʱ˾һŻʯȼЬ˳ȥ
⣬ԪߵԺм䣬㱻ܳʱһѱסֻʱ񿴼ñطһһ˳Ԫʼ
û뵽ʱԽԽģ·Ҫĵ׵ίͨͨ޳һ㣬ȴʱ߿ޱߺ밡룬ôôȥˡҶԲ㣬ǧã򲻸ãһʱ嶯ȥŰءһͣͽ˹Źء
Լ룿ԼûأԪͷˬɥʱָʲô
̤̤ܰʵʵرڻԪͷ˵㣬һ˿С˷ܣˣԺԼˡ
ԪһСһʱĺ󱳣ʾοֱ㽥ʱƶĦһǰο֮⣬һ˰
һߵѵүĪҪֻˣȥԷɡ
ôԱ߻иˣڣʱһʱû࣬ʱ˼ʱһĨᣬһתܻ˿ԺԷǾš
ʱϴϵĽӣմˮ˰侲һԼΣԼݣת˳ȥ
ʱٴδӿԺԷ߳ȥʱѾǸдֻ꣬۽ǱǼ⻹΢졣
ԪǰȻסʱ֣ߣǻؼΏӡ
ʱӲسԼ֣ȥʲôǰһССԺ䣬һᣬڶסһȻүȻûԼס
ڿԺԪö˵ֻ벻ˣȥû˷չˣ˵˼ˣû˰οȥס죬ͷҽȥ㳣öȥȻСԺӷס׶ϵʱ·
ʱ֮ˣȴҲǱ˷̹˵ģһҲǣţáȥЪ졣
Ԫϲȥʱ㡣أʱûоܾԪԼߡ
·ϣʱ̧ͷڳ죬˵ɫҪ꣬ʬᣬȻڣ㲻ҰУҲҪһҹꡣֵСӣһ磬ȥͷϰݼݼ
Ԫԣһ¸ˣ쵽ҷͷϽһࡣ
൹ǻ飬˵Ѿ밲׵ֻүȥ㡣
С֣һ·ߵĸо̫ˣԪûһ˵Ѷǻ㶼ûôޣˡ
ǻүſţʱ㵱ʱûкޣǲʾʱû⻰˵ֻǻûع
ʱԪסļΏӣԪʱźȲ裬ԼԸСȥ֪С¿ɿڵĲȡ
ȻԪָСǣԼľң̳һȫµĴʱ죬һԺͮͮĲ֦˵С㣬һһ˯
ԪҪԼߣôΏӣѲͷûУʱأԳ뱻ıߣֺ̿ʹ֮Уû˼룬ӦţŶá
ʱ㲢ûоܾͬͬԪͷϲԭСҲϲҵģǰôأ汿
СȻûʵȨȨеģҹˣСǺܿ˼ɿڵĲȣ˹
ԪСҪһ׾ƣʱһԺ
ĶҹȻ˲ܹ·ԺҲȢӡ
ԪĿУһĶôûоء
ʱԳʹ֮Уټϰչıжʯѹͷѹ֪ôźãеӱܣԪݵߵľƣһʶһǽƽ
ˣ˯ȥ㲻Щˡʮ꣬δ꣬Ӧش¼˿ֻţ޴룬
ҪҪı֮¸ԪԪʲô̬ȣǰˣСӣɹλԪпǸλԣԪпܻ֧ıİɣ
ҪҪĸףĸ׻ʲô̬ȣ׿˵ãһֱӻλ󣬿϶Ϊ𴨲ƽѩԣĸҲпܻ֧ıİɣ
֮⣬к˿
ȫʮȻһֱŵͣԼͶļĿʿǱǽٺλǶ˵ĺô˭
ʱоԼһֻͼ룬СȻ
ȲЩҺȾƣˣҺú˯һɣ£˯˵
꣬һһغȾƣһȵÿȸԾڴһȵóĬԣֻӱܡ
ԪһԼԺȣһ߸ʱвƣʱϲԵġ
ž⣬Ԫܵ﷭䵹񣬰һɫߣСĵ˩ƱϣϾƣһС㣬Ǻȸ
ʱֻ̫ѹ֣ûûһԪļͷ˵˵һͷѱоһ
Ԫһһ³˫
أʱٸԪˣĬĬؾٱȾơ
ԪһһǶׯص˵С㣬ҽҪ֣˴ˣ
˴ˣ⻰ʱͷһѽѣֵ̱ܣԪСӡ
ΣƲıؿڣӦðԪԪϲ̸һ̸ܹȡԪ֧֡
һ򲽣Ԫ֧ĴҲڸ
뵽Щʱ㲻ɵǰһ΢΢һ䡣
ʱ鲻ãԪȻܸоʱʱС鿴ԼĻ˵ʱĿִսʱߣģһһֱġ
žζϢֱ絽ʱϣʱһƺԪϣƿ˵ЩʲôأˡһǺ˰ɣ˵ЩԷˣʲôǵ˵ɡ
ԪͷˣְѾƱҲ˵ʲôףƴˣֻܸʱһɶʱҲǱƸɣȵʮʹ졣
СľƲҾƣһ׾ƺˣʵҲֻȵĳ̶ȡ
ƾ֮ʱ˯ˣԪȴѾС˸ˮʱϴԡڿ㶼׼ˡ
ʱ㱾ϴԡ뵽һҪԪߣ㣬Сźϴһͨ
ʱ̱ԪĴʱȴԪңҲȥϴ
ʱѾһһҹûкˣֱǺ£ǲֱ̿ʹ¶ȸַΧδĥ£׿ס£֮£ֻӱܽ˯Уݵýѡ
ԣʱͷӴҲҪϴѽոһϴͺˡ˼Ҷûһ˲˯ִֻӴȥЬӡ
˵Ȼڴ߻̱ڴϵȣǲòôϡϴˣҪǸŸͷͲõԪϴԡˡ
Ԫʱ˵һϴһ¿嶼˷ӦԭСôŵÿôȤ𣿻û򣬱ԧԡѽ֪һϴĻţ
ԪʱЬ׼´һԸӣæȥʱסƻشϣˣڴϵҡ
ʱ㱾Ͳ´Ԫ仰ѸһЬһţŤشˣӻ֣ȥȥȥȥء
ģԪ˷ܵػشſ첽ȥϴԡСѾ׼Ȳˣ
Ԫ˳ϴ˻ֻʱµڴ࣬Ϣƣ˯ˡԼ£ϵôȥʱ㣺·˯
ʱѾ˯¶ģʵڣӲԪİ£Ѻ¶ˣϣԼ˯ɡڿ̤̤ʵʵ˯ˡ
ʱĺܿƽƳǺܿҪ˯Ԫ˯֮ܣ˿˯⣬һһʱǱ߿ȥСĵذʱ§Լ
ʱѾ˯ԺģоԪȵЩʶƣԪĽ
ԪϽʱ㱧ˣĿʱԼƿأͬʱοС㣬¡
ȻԪԼ˸òô̵ģС̫ˣϻӦ
ֱ⣬ǰѽһƣʱ巭ƽԼһʱϣʱȥ
ҹѽʱˣ
ԪһӸôĶʱ㲻鲻Ը˹ѽʲôѽ
һۣԪԼϣԼûӦԪĴһ䵽ϡ
ʱδ˴ĸо˯֮䣬һе£ɵáһ
ʱһԪͷֱ룬һ˱
ԪʱһʱըˣֲŮˣԪǴᱡʲôˣ
ʱʶش졣
ޣԪͷʱҧһڣʹ֮£Ͻˣֱӣʱϣ죬ֻʹỨģһҺӯ˿ǻԪ֪ѪͷҧˣѸ
ʱȫѹ˫һţɿԪ֮ʣԼȥԪʵʲô͸Ż̼Ϳܡ
Ԫ죬ʱʣʱı飬ҲˣѵС㲻֪ڶջ͵ؽȥأС飬ƺûǷ˼ѵʲô


9 
ըһʬ
ʱԪһ𾪵ػصԼЩ֣ѵ֪ԼڸʲôһΣڸʲô˵
Ԫ˵ڶѽһ죬Һֻ̣һ̣ͷʹһʹǰ
ԪȻʱͷһǲǺˣĵؿ񣬲Ը¶Ⱥѣһжõķȥ룬Ԫ˽ڡ
ԪʹѪˮУҲ֪ôӦľ棬ôۣһ޹ؿʱ㣺СԭûиѽֻĶˣίᡣ
ʱԪֻܿޣ˵㵱Լ¶ˣοĪˣ˯ɡ˯һͺˡ
ϣʱȻԪΪƺʧĺ֮ͷظоóԪûǻ޳ܵͼ
ֻҪһԪųԺΣкȾʱĺܹóĽۣϧʱһûܷδȻ
ȻԪ˼ٸԪ˯һŴϣΪˡʱ㲻Ԫľصᣬһ߷´һߵ˯ɣһȥ˯ǻصԼԺӣ˯ԼĴϲŰȡ
ȥ˯СҪԼƲϵǣĸ̶СиˣҲŵҪչСһӵģôС㹫Ȼְȥ˯ǲͱʾûСչ˺ãǲǵŸĸ̵棬
˵øֱ͸һ㣺ϲС㣬С㲢ϲߣûߣϡչˣģδţ
ȻԪûпʱ㣬ϾǰСӣһұѵСݸ߶ˣʱǰԪǺԽеģôܹһСϲϡأ
ܵشԪŭһ壬һᣬ͵˹ȥһѱסʱ㣬ٴΰʱڴϣһȥеߣһڣѪˮ˳˼˵ϡ
ʵ֤зյģԪһᣬһʱԼ-£һȥʱ·죬Ǿֱϡ
ԼԪӣֻҪѱ˴֪˵˵ƣһԼѣװʲô¶ûзʱ벻ԪǿǸҪ
˶ƢģʱǸոѹȥŭٴ
ʱ㵽ĸĴûһ߾ܵԪȥһ߽еʲô
-㣡Ԫȥˣŭͷ˵³ֻ÷Ҫô˵ŽŹζ
֣ʱŭ𳹵׵ȼøӾңȻѾֳˣҲٹԪ棬ȭͷԪкҶˣ˭˭ѽһ˴ˣһҪ
Ԫȶ֣ʱϣռƣʱִҲش˻ȥһߴһ߼·ϲ㣬ôͲҪˣϲҪɡǲϲģûأ
Ҳϲ㣡
ϲԪ˵ܱ˴ϲȻãܣֻҪϲ͹ˡ
ֻҪϲҪǶġҪѯǶǸҪ
ˣϲ֣Ԫ˵ֱ׳ƺʾʱȨ
ԪͨʱеҸȥ
ȥһ£Ԫĵˣֱ׳ؽеҵиҵģȥȥ
ʱʱˣôиԪţţǣԪ˵ôֱ׳ûа飬ƺģ
ˣĸһΪ˸ƽѩְ֧ûءλԣ淢ԪĸĸһͰиԪˣҪǿаܽӪ
ĸײװиԪζʲô
ĸ׻ǰиԪˣⲻǡиǳĳΪ˸ƽѩͰ
һ˲䣬֮˱ѳĸоʱŭ뱯ʹҲʹ֮£һɲӣͷ֮ģĸԸԸԪ⹷Ը
ʱͷһԽ׺ǿ
һԵڴʹɼܣֻǴҡεøֱ֨֨졣
ƽضǹɱ֮󣬱ûдܶŹܵļɻͣͯˮƽֻ㴷Ҽ£㼸ƣûҪöԷء
Ȼþûº֣ûҪóһ֮׺Ѹٽս˴ƾУڴϹһš
Ȼ˵ƻҲֳ˲죬ֵҹСʮ־ѣʵСӣʲô£ԸСģ
Сһʣһ˲䲻Լͬزˡ
ʱԣȻ֪ǿ֮¡
Ԫ˵ϲС㣬СȻҪǿǿԸǶ֮ȻҲ뱻֪
һؾֹţƫСʮ־ְ𣬻ڵѯҪҪȥ̡
оԪõСʻ֮ʱʱî˾͵طһڰûзԪˣϽ
Ԫʵ룬С˽æأС£ʱһʹƷڴϣɵýһѽţ󲻷ֳʱ˹ȥ
űߵСӵĵУΪʲô£Ҫǳ£ɵ˸ϵһʱȲٻһƣ˽ȥ
СһȥڴŤһţͷɢҲ˵СǴѪƺˣС˴󾪣ȥͽУ˰Сӱүˣ
Ԫʲô߼ĲСԼĵ̣˴ôҽ
Сôһϵ˸Ͻ֣ɿ´ԼǵӣǶˣǰðڳӵӡ
һΏӵСˣĸʹСȫСӵľң˫۾Ԫʱˡ
λһǴˣĹĵظվһݽǣԶԶġ˼Ѿˣˣƺûʲôˡ
෴Ӧ죬ĸʹС߳˳ȥͬʱǲҴ˵
ɸСӵˣǧѡôôģֻҪԸȥЩСȻյýġ
ȻһС˴ȥҳһŵĴãҪ˳ȥֻǸūͣû¾ͺˣ֮ǷǶԴܹʵġ
ԪŴ죬ӷɿתͷƾòСˡ˵ҪʱԽǽأǲУ
У϶ˡǽأҪ˰æȥЦ
ǶѾˣЦѾǼȶʵˡβԡ˵ЩСˣõСЦСеЦֻҪһ£˭ҽ⴫
Ҫ˳ʱԪԸţָָʱ㣺ȥ
ʱһζҪըˣɶѽԪҪз֮£򲻹Ҫ˰æҪˣ̫ҪˣһֱѳԪѺֵܣ
ԲƽԼСˣʱ㲽ˣԪҶңҡҡҡ
ֱʱԪռϷ磬ͷ˳Щ죬ʲô㣿ܰǳСиģ쾭壬Сĸ״¡
ҲǿֻҪԺúöС㣬˳ϦԣദˣСȻϲ
ѣ÷ǵĸһֱҪáСڿ˵СǰһֻǻûԼĸ顣
ȻС⣬ֻҪһֱСãһҲ£סСġСӲʯĳл
ûءλǻܸСģԶȲ˵ģʱСͻء
ԪСڵʱ㿿£ߴٵ㣬ĥʲôøϽСԼˣܰġ
үĪҶŪʹ㡣˵꣬Ŵɫʱ˹ȥ
ԪҪҶңҸһӺ㣡ʱһŭ׼ƴȴһʹʹһʹ˺ʹֻǱ˸ʹһֱʹȥˡ
ʹǳرʱ·ǵʲôʱֻʱϸ룬㱻ʹûһ£ͷԺ񶼱ǼµһƬհˡ
ʹϮֻһ£ʱ㰾һ˲ʹ֮󣬾аù죬ԤмСˣȻû˵
ʱ㶨һֻС˾Լǰڳһ˹ĶˡǵĶʧȥƽ⣬ôڵסȫһֵı飬ɴ۾Լ
ƳԪԪҲһֵı飬ɴ۾ضԼźϺϵأֻǷǾȵ㣬֪˵ʲô
ʱʶػͷԼֻһʮ߰꣬˵ĻҲǳǳЦ⣬Լ
ӳ£ʱ㿴˲룬ĸ
ֻӣһѾ
뻹Ǹ룬ģ䶼û䣬ϵʣ󵭶ӺţЩԭܳһײСϵʣǰ˳ǼȾѪ಻ĻҲȴ˸оʵż˳ȾĻۡ
ʱһμʱӢñˣѪģһϢʱ룬ۿɼ֮ûһ˿˺ۣɫ糣ɫ糣ʲôڳ֮
ʱѿھ룬㡭ˣ
ˣʾӣû
ʱ㿴Ұһ¿࣬Ϊǰܺ󣬴ûиɹ£ңȻýáͬԪ˵ĺ£Եˡ
봽һ䣬һǳǳЦһЦ·˶ŵ΢⣬󴺷
ֻ˵˵ʲôأûֻȴûƽصı΢֮⡣
ûš˵ˣ˵Լˣ˵ˣ˵Լˡǡթʬˣ
ԼСˣթʬǺܿµģʱһԪǿȷһ£뵽ûû񣿿ϧԪ໹֮УûκηӦ
ʱֻù롭ôˣҡû£ȥЪˡУҪǷ㣬ȥȥҪˡ
ʱԪڴлعҽе


10 
ʱһβʶ
ɿһָԪһָԪǾ䡸ĺиճȻֹ
ָָŶ͵Сˣʱ㣬ȻҪ㡣
Ķ˵죬оǴ˵ֻһһ˵Ľʬ
թʬʱ㰵һ뵽ûֲʣթʬ
ʱԼӯӯĿУܸܵĹ֮⡣ʱܲϰ߱ôţתͷƿԼߡ
Ԫ컹ڲסźϣƺ˵ʲôֻǷһǣתƻСôˣ
ɨһԪСˣںǽ͵ʩһСˣ¡
°ĿͶעʱϣ˵ʱ㣬ûġҽһûסˣǼӹҽΪˡȥӵ·ϣǿˣ̫أãҲûˣΪֻܵˡã󣬱·һλϵʿȡ
˵ţ̧˫֣ת˸Ȧʱ㿴壺ϵˣһ֣͸κˡһĽͣǽ͸ʱҲǽ͸ԪС
̫ƽƽ鲨ȫڽһθ޹صĹ¡
˵츳ϸøɣͽܣһЩԼ˵ķǷҲ˺͡
ָָСˣָָԪСһѧᡣ
˾룺ֲϵʷôĸı䣬˸ƵģԭõĻԵ̤֮·ôһ룬ҵ㲻ôˡ
ҰʦøǱޣ˵ں쳾һԵδˣҾͻˡԼԭҲ˺
ǻˣøõĴԵ컯˵ضüɫ裬ϲʤ뽲ƽƽ·˵ű˵Ĺ¡
ԼֿԪˣֻҪǴӦѽй©ȥұǽ
ɵʿǣ¶أģ˻ɵʿǵɣ˱㶼ϽӦ
ֻһ֣ɵر˽
Ǵſ۴䣬һ֮䣬ض̬ƮȻɡƫ봩ǵխһ֣ʱ㿴ţֻЩЦ
һ⣬С˶ʱ̱ڵϡ߹ȥӸµظǣȥſš
൱ºͣ˵ĻȴǲݿܵСһּ˳ӡ
СһˣԪͷ㷢飬볯ԼʱղһˣҪʲôǰ
ȻһЦüһܰĵ̬ȣ͸ɱԪղŸš
ٴ󣬶˶Ϊ˴Ըݣ쳾
Ԫܿ㱻˵ݽǣ޲ð˻һֽǽϣ㡢㡢㡭ҡҡҡģ֪в롣
ߵԪǰһ̽Ŀⶢ˺һº͵ʣղʱʲô
һԪеˣҡֻСã֪ģҸСһֱܺáҵõҵʿɣһãչһһԲṼ
ԪڼףʱѾ޿̣еƨ
뵭㿴ʱ㲻Ը⡣
û£û£Ԫһǻ飬ֿγر׵С㣬һˣȻҵģϲҵģҪһһһ
ʱ㵹Ԫʵ⣬ǣϲͿǿ𣿶Ҫ˼ϲͿ԰ϣڽ¼̤ʱֺֻЦֺֻ˵棬Ԫƨү
һЦʱ㲻ԸͬãӲϹǿ-ʲô𣿡
ԪӦȻҵõ˫Ͽɵģ
ŲԪõ˭Ͽɣ˵ֻҪʱ㲻Ը⣬ǿģȴǸӲġ
Ԫ˳Ͽɺ˸ĸ֮Сǻ֮£ȻҪСͬ⡣
һСˣƾʲôܳһӣܲ˵뿹ϿˣСˣƾʲôҸС£
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ԪСӣС߹ˣҲָʹˣﱻ˶ײⶥײֱвˣԪһʱըˣ˲ú£еŷƨ
뿴ԪĿ൱ºͣһֱԪͷë΢ЦŶСӣüҵĻΥܰĨ
Ĩɶ˼
ûֱӻشתߵǰ˵ҹôˣô򣬰յλεģʡ
򣬵Ȼġ
ԪýҹʱĶΪܾʲôʽûﻨڹʱŵĲ֦ԱԼθӺף
˵šʡһӣԪʱֻǰһ
һϵֻƾʧˣСصĺ򲻼ˣȼʱİ߰ߵᣬҲȫˣǶԺ򣬾ͷ·ûгֹȼչһ㡣
ԪʱľУ˵ȥⷿʷǶԺϾǶԺĹü¼СˣǲõȼǶԺļ䡣ǶԺ򣬴Ӳϳֹ
Ԫʱһʱû׹Ƶ˵Ĩ
ĨĨɱĳĳϴڹһкۼ
ɱˣȴɱ˸ײУ
Ԫһ䣬ɫ棬һʱȥ
ʱ㱾Ԫһἰõ˰ĸڵĳǵϿɣѹͷһֱĬȻԡ
ʶһĨʱҲľȻôͨǰϣ
Ԫɫ仯۵ףοģֻҪ㲻ðʱ㣬Ҳ׶㡣
ԪȫûбοһҲģӷǳġǿаͷȫΪάʱ㣬뵽⣬̲סݺݵʱ㡣
ĨζӦη壬ڳԡ˶٣ڴĿ⿴Ԫ˵Ĩʱһ㲻ʹҲ֪ԲԣҪԹ֮󣬸ң
ڴò뷨Ԫٴ
ĿڴؿԪһƺڵڳԡԪûжЩʧصˡȥšػղС˳ȥʱһģһ
ԪСӣָֻʹ˵ģʱ˺ȥ̲סַҵԺӣǼΏӵˣƾʲô˸ϳԼľң
ԪΪԼŭǺͺˡ
ȴ΢΢һЦʵСӣлҪʱ˵رһ£ɺã
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ʱȿڣ㲻ǰ롣
ûзֻº͵طʣô£Ĺ£оͦԲġ
ʱ˵롭ǱģճǴ˺ܶ࣬ҵСʱʮ꣬ҸϦദꡣҲǲµģǸоġ
һ˵켣ʱһĥӡǡ
һײı΢ūͣܰݸʦѧ˵ʾ̥һ㣬Ŵݣ廪
벻Ǻ׽ˣԪ֮⣬ʱ볯Ϧദ̫꣬˽ˣֻø뱾ˡ
Цһ£Ʊ磺ĸоý
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һںӣº͵Ŀרעؿʱ㣬ЩСʣ㡭ϵˣ
⻰֣Ҷû㣬ôʶǿˣ˭һ棬һӶǡ
żϣԼֺζ˵ú룬ʹ룬˵
ʱ㵹Ǻһ룬ϧ벻Լҡҡͷ˵ǲϴˣ
ʱĻƺЩ΢ʧʮº͵ؽ͵ǹˡ
ˣûӺ˵
뿴ʱ㣬΢΢һЦΣˡʱʳͷɻַɿش⣺ҵˡģС㣬ʱ㡣
ʱĶɻʶѽΪʲôҪãΪͷʱĳŵ
ʱ㻹ûüʳѾţ˳ȥαʱ㣬ԪС˵ע£߽ҹʧˡ
ĸ˿УԲ߳Ժӣǡ߽롹˺ҹУĸ˶ˣоԴֻʣһƬհס
ʧ˺һԪŻعʱ˳ְŹϣʱ㿴Ŀӣ˵ʲôˣ
ʱ㱾Ϊı֮أּϲ㱻ǿ֮£ʹԪĸ飬˱㣬ԪԼֱȥΪʲôҪ㣿ƾʲôң
ԪʱǺһϣҲ˵
ǺԪʱֵ̲ʵ˵簢룬㵽û磿
˼ʱᣬһδ֮ѵܷ֣ȣֵõʲôȣ
ȷ֮ǰôԪȥ֮˾ͻ˸գӦûرǡ
ǣԪ˵Ѿˡ
ԪӲͷƤҡǷԸȥ˵ģӦáӦáе࣡
ͺſڣϽȥԪ˵ҷԸ˸ᣬôүظ


11 
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ѽһ֪С붪ǣܱףֻ̨ܲͷίһ¹򵽵ϣСġСġСȥģȥµ۸ողرСģСļλүѾ˯ˣ´λ
Ԫѩϼ˪شϵ˭ͷЩ˵
಻ССˣֻһͱ˵ǣǻ˵ǿ뱻İ׷ü׺Ӵ۵ͷˡǱȥ׷ʬͷϣű㲻ˡ
ȵľֿ볡볡ʽ˳˵ǣԹߣԲĻѣԲ˿Ϸ죬ʲô
ֻϧʱѾ֪Ǳ룬һ֮֪١ֻǡˣ׷Ԫûнȥ룬ѾҪˡʬѾ˽ʬˣڣǸʬģԼΪά
˵ˣԪֲʲôˣ磬֣Ǳ֣ʲôʸԪ
ˣʱû˵ƣػ˻֣˳ȥԪˣһȥ˯ٸԪ˯һŴϣֳָʲô
У仰ͱƵģԪһչ۱ʱ㣬ʱ㼰ʱּ̧סԪһ룬
ʵʱһûָ֣߻ӦһֻŻŻԪ뿪˵ĻˣͲ±Ĩ
֪ʱһУֻǰһĿº͵ؿԪ
ԪӦɿ죬ſʱ㣬һ˳Զһί޹룬˼û۸С㣬ᣡ
ʱ㱾ΪԪһˣæǸ밡룬ܲһҵԺȥ
ԺСƣȥʲôֱӰﵱԺӺˣס΢Цʱ㣺ѲɣΪ㣿
ȻһɾһǶԵСɣסģôȻסһ
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ʱԪԶ⣬סڼΏӣԪһңԪҶҲ˵ģΪѵá
һЦʲôã˲˵õĸиȻг֮ס쾭֮£ȻòɵĿ˵סˡ
˵Իʱ˰壬ʱ̧߽֣ƺʱļͷ
ʱ㣬֮ʱʶغ˼뱣ž롣˶Ű壬ŰϾǰ롣
˭֪˭
ˣôбµĹ
Ѿ˿ˣȴµģ·ʱͷһ㡣
Ĺ˲ڵļͷֳʱչһʮֺůЦݣȻתſȥλû߳ţʧˡ
ͬ볡ʽڶοĸоôˣʱԪʧķ򣬰βŻع
ôһ֣˶е㲻֪룬ضһۣεҪԼͬѡ˳Ĭ¡
ﾲĬã˸ľżһվһ
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ΪʲôҪסʱ֮⣬Ԫ˼̤ϵ£Ѿˡ
֪ԪĻ죬ס³ɻǸ֪˭룬ɲܸ
ԪֳĬ˺ܾãŵҵסԺģס
ԭүָʾģҪԼסΏӡ
ԪǿԼҲүָʹݵģʱʵ˵ңиģģ˵и֣ʱֻͷӿһɬҪᡣ
ԪͷšûǵġиҲҵġˣ˼ǳزס£ʱһʣ˵Լʵ뷨
Դӷϵȥ鷿̸֮󣬡ϻλʹӲ֮ˣȻһ̳ϳ¾һͷϵһֱգУƮ
ֱʱԿţȵߺڽѹžЩ£˵Щ顣
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ʱסԣǵðѻ˵ǰ档㲻ٶ
ԪѹǽǰԼµֳ£ֻޱ߲ѣ޲иطȥ
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ʱĬԪֱּС㣬㲻Ҫ˵ҡϲ㣬֣ûвۼ˼㡢ԣ᲻ϲң˵Ҳϲأ
еı΢󣺡С㣬ҪһھܾòãһᣬҲһᡣûԹ˭֪ôء˵СҲһϲԼ֪أ
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ƾֱʶؾãҹԪͼǿֻԪ
Ȼûи龭飬ӵ룬һˣӦȸףöԷ֪ٸݶԷ̬ȣһ
һǿģ
ϵԪһǿõ˳ǵϿɣ˵үʾ⣬ҪסΏӵģʱ׵óۣԪҹĳٶүڱ
үȫıϣΪһβ׸黨˼ҪסΏӣֻΪ˳ȫӵĸ顣
Ϊʲô
ȻΪ˰ԼԪƤӵ£öԼ
ͨ˽ڣʱֻͷԽӱ䣬ԽӷŭүԼŻٴθ淢Լ֮С
ĬԪԼв֮£Լأ̫˺ˡ
һɲ׷澢ʱԽףԽߣͷԽǲϾͷ
үԪԼԼԪһԪȡүү֮ģȻץסӳ
ڲûֹı棬Ǿӳȥŵӣͬıߣⲿֹı档
֮ҪֹıжֲܰıֵϣҪⳡΣܱסػˡ
ԪһĲ֮ԲȡүΣͷȻȻ֮ʱҲûκ֮⡣
ʱͷתôͷʱҲŹȥ˼Ϣ⣬˵ɾ͸ɣӭԪεɫߴӵӦҡǡԡ
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Ϊ˱ջУʱϽװһδӣǿñ֤۸ҡһ˫ӣˮԪ
ԪѾ侲ľɥΪôԴʱ㣬ǸԵģôⲻǣ¶ûơ
֪ʱȻӦһԣԪǴϲһӦģٷˣֻϲֽϧ
ϲ֮£޲ðС㱧ڻЦֲңðС㣬ֱַ̧£֪ķš
ǽҲǣ֪øС㱣ֶԶľ룬ܼȣֲʧأ﷭ȥ˵С㣬һٶʮģٲ£ұ֤
룺СãӱϧС⣡
ǡãԶѽˡʱʵûۿԪϲò֪ɵˣ˯ɣһҪѧ
Ԫʱ㻰˼ҪԼͬߣӻϲһ㣬˶Ʈ֪ôɵȥġ
ؽԺһһҹʱ㶼ûϹֳۣ˾ƣҹýˡ
Ҫģһֱ֪ôֹı棬⣬Ҫӳ㡣ͷȻѹžʯչжʱһ£ܿ˯˹ȥ
Ԫϲȫ˯⣬ӣʱ㡣ڻ谵ĵƹУʱ˯Ŀգ氮ɷˡ
ſţЩѽòƷУĲŻļݣСôܲϲأ
ţӦøһЩ
л˵
󻨻ۣղأ󽽹࣬ף󡪡
Ҳ̧̧ǵС֣ղһ֣ᷢǸ·߾Ŷ


12 
Ԫһǽ
𴲣ԪȻһҹδߣȴˬ档
ССӴϴ⣬ʱŵòôģҪȰСӷˣֵʱ㣬ҷ֮ʱҲԵġ
ԪһͷСǹۿ˵ͣǣ˵ʱԺ󶼻סڼΏӣСҪʱ㵱һţõ
СǹһأӦǡ
䴺ŸСӵʱ֪Сӵӣº͵̣ԲܰСӵĻ߷硣
ʱ㾲վһߣԹԪСˣŶԼάûȰ裬ҲûлϽֻͣ΢
ʰˣԪʱһ÷Ԫʱһˣ˵ϲģԵ㡣
ǰԪŻʱвˣʱǵлˡ
Ȼһأʱ㸣ԪǽżвĹġ
ȻҪԪһİʱԼҲӦԪһΪӦ
ʱȥвʱȻ׹Ԫ˵ϲ治ǿտڰ׻
ûжٲɫʱ֪Ԫϲʲôֲ֪˱ȽϺá
һֱֻԪͨѣЩϸ΢ϸڣûע
Ԫȴϲʲô֮ϸڣָƣֻ˵ԪĬĬعעһ¶ϡ
գʱֻѡһˣиԪ
ʱĻӦԪԵúܸˣһ߳һߴޣţóԣóԣ̫óˣС㣬Ҹ˵ҴûгԹôóԵġʲôˣ
Сһ߸Ͻصܲ˿Сǰ󰮳Եġ
Լǰԣǲ˵СԼеĲ˲ãԪ߳вԣǰǲ˵ǰһȥĵ𣿡Ϊ˱ʾԼϲԣȥС
ǴʱûۿԪһȥУҪһСܲ˿Ըɾļʽʱʵ̲סȰԾͱԣҪǿ
Ԫʮϵ˵óԣģ
ԭ缸꣬ԪϲԼˣԼС£ġԼԪǰ㣬֮ûûΡ
֮زͷĸоԭö
Ŵܲ˿óԵԪʱ²ָж
ʱ㲻룺Ԫ׽ѺֵܣҲȥϲҲݸ飬˵ԪԼһֹı棿ͲٹԮˡ
ţ˵ĸһЩҸᣬøԪú̸һ̸ȰһȰ
⣬ʱ㿴Ԫ˼ڴ
ԪʱԷʱ򣬴ŴżСȥʱĶСض˼Ώӡ
ȻҪŷѧ㲻ˡȱ¹θǼ٣øȡүûҪڡ
ˣѧõʱʱסԪ֣֣ȻңڿƵƵͷԪڷӽ֮ʱȻüĿ顭ʱЩٶΧɢСһȡϢ
ϢһﴫԼҲɨأǣʱ㲻ںֻҪӳȥ
רΣʱʱͷԪ⣬ʱͦĵģзԼϣĵطһһСѪΣдĿ֮С
ףһź룿
ʱǵԼӸɸɾģôȻðһź
ʱϸϸһ£ǵúϡţԪСʱоϴһĵʹʹλãƺǺλá
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뷨̫ˣʱܿ뷨֮ԺĦһǺ룬̾ſ֣ͳɣһú룬νˡ
Ȼˣ׼ӣӢ㲻ٷԪÿֻǸŷѧ
ʲôҪ£ᴫԪȥμӣҪԪʲô⣬ֻͨԪ˽ãعȵ
Ļˣɢ֮ԪÿµʵеĹףԪÿ¶˵ͨ˵͸öӲ赽еĵһ̵
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ԪӴ࣬۽ѸٿҲɿسԽѧԽ࣬ԪԸ³˾徴֮飬ĸԶһ±ǰδе׽
ԪʱˣһԷһ̵ڣһѧ²ǸТ
ȻԪȥѧϰ£ôʱ㣬һ㶼Сʱ㣬ѧȻؼΏӡԪܸϵûͬʱͬԣϲҲС˴ʱ㲻ȡԪһޱȳʵȥ׿밲ĴԼˡ
ûãʱסСӵļΏӣСͬͬԵϢǵĸֲ²Ⱦ⴫ˡ
μϢһȥéޡԪˮʱ㣬ģתͷͬڲԶ۾ؽͷӶ
һԵһֺȻЦƺ˵ʲôȤ¡
Ԫ棬չȥ
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ѧһ˭֪Ƕéʲô첻ָң㣬ء
ѧӶʱһֳĴЦ
ѧһߺЦһ˵Сƽʱһӣ벻ϲ
ѧһ˵ѽԽ֮ˣԽɧԽо
ѧһĺЦ
ѧЦûֱշӽʱҿСӻͷСӺüأڿϣǵطò˰ɡѽһ¿Σͼͣȥéˣ
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ѧһΪéصСӣȻŭվУ
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ѧӲһֻ֣˫ۻͷڵأСʹŹʵûܵʲôʵ˺ֻͷµ㣬еøɱƵĲңѽѽСɱˣء
ЩӿѧӣһЩվԶһЩϽȥҷӡȷˣĺѷŹ˵Ԫס
ȴԪȻˣԼȴ޵ۣίƵģӸ״Ի˵ҸСĻӣҪֹ
ղǼ˵Ƿǵѧӣзڳ϶СӲҶ֣Ҳ׳ˣҷ׷׵ؽµʱ㶼סΏȥˣͯʲôʵ˵ʵûԸãʲô˵õģ
Ԫˣûе˵ϲС㣬СҲϲңģûаС㵱ͯңС㣡ſң˭˵СĻҾʹ˭úˣҪȥˣӺѧǺס
ͯ䶼Ϸ磬ġͯһն뱻ĹϵӸأֹϵ㷺ͬǸϵϲ뱻ϲĹϵ
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ŷ֣֪ʱʱվڲԶؿŷһС
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Ȼ˵СӴˣѧ˵ǷǰСӵݣҿȵ뿪Ҳû˸ҳֹ
ʱĵڸףԪͷǻϲѹĵʣ˵㣬㲻
ʱһ壬
ģ
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Ԫѧôһʱòǻ£Ϣȡү
ʱȫԹСӼŭͬḶ́ٴеظܵԪİϧͷǸжġ
ЩԪѾʱежȻʱãԼĸ飬©һ㣬©ȥ
ԪٸжܿɢûѸжɳɺӣѸжΪϲ
ָоʱһδθԼŬŬŬһЩһαԪж˵ϲԪˡ
ȻԪȡүʱԸϲԪһθ齫ȥδӣġ
ɢѧ֮㱾ҪؼΏӣȴǰһ׿˴Сȥ˾𻰣һ׿ϴʱȥŻ
㲻ɵضһۣԼΪ˽ѧôܵ£λĸ׹ʡ
л˵
󻨻ۣղأ󽽹࣬ף󡪡
Ҳ̧̧ǵС֣ղһ֣ᷢǸ·߾Ŷ


13 
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ĸʱʱ㲻֪ôģֻͷɬ֪˵ʲôá
ʵԴԪĸװԼи֮ʱìܣĸף¼ĸףĸ֤µʵԣ´ĸ϶Ĵ𸴡
׿ϵȶ֮󣬸Ͻһѷ𣬴ţ˵ôô࣬ҲáȻ;ĸӲ棬--ӣӵÿһϸ΢仯Ӳۡ
ĸڶС£˲ˮʱ΢΢ͷ˵ӽϲҹ徲ԾŶЩĸ׵ˡ
׿Ҫ˵˵强СﻹվŸСˣ˻֣ʾȥС˾վû׿ϲòڵȥɣź򡣡
С˹صСӷԸģСĽү벽롣СĲʶȤ˼
ŶŶĸ˲Լͬضһۡ
ݣһסլ飬ϲŪ࣬˵ģ﷢ʲô¶ֻҪǻܣò˶ãͻںլ
ˣ뱻үסΏӣӸСӵķԷ׿϶ĬĬڶ
ǰΣ߸СˣûʹָֻɸӵСˡ
С˵ԼСӵСˣ׿˼ü΢΢һ˵ԭСӵˡ
ʱöЩڼΏԪķԸûĸ˸Ҳ
СʱȻ£Ȼ̣̣ԲСӡôֻүˣ
үԼӵԺﰲżĸĿ
ԣүҪסΏӣɶӣüΏӵһӡ
׿ϲǸСˣûһ㣬һʼлҳ
ʱΪĸ׻СΪŹͬ£СӵĹϵ
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ǣ֤ĻʱһֱûʳڡһԱվСˣʣʱĸ׿϶Ļشֲʡ
·ϣʱˣĸԪĹϵý˻ᣬʳ
ǣ׿ֻ˶һЩӵ£ûܵ¡ʱĸ׵ʻ㶼ʵش
˵ԼȥΏӸСͬס֮ʱ׿ϣɫһ֪ǾͬסȻ㾪졣
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ʱҲĸһЩճ֮£Ȱοſģ񣬺ϸϸճҩҩ裬ãҪȳ˲䣬ǰЩ׼š
ʱĸ׻һǻȭȭ֮ģÿһ䶼ġĸΨһֱϵѪףĸףܹ˭أ
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ĸ׸ǰտ⾡Тĸױض˥ϵô졣ǿ;Ĺء
ĸһĸТ߶߶ģ˵Ļ֪ɫ
ۿŶŸԿˣ׿ϲվȥ
ĸףʵģûʳ߻ʱŸС˼ţʱԽԽķػص˼Ώӡ
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ʱûɵذԪһۣ˵
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ԪΪˣʱ㷴ʵûѵ㣿
ѵˡ
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һѵԪѵˣһֱΪСĸ飬иĸ֮ģôʮ㡣׿˵ѵݣȫһ֪Ŀ
ԪˣƴԼСһƬ飬Ū֮⡣
׿˶ӵԽŭͯʲô£ݼҵĺӵͯҲ̫£ݣӲǡ
ɶǶ䣬ָҪһһһɾʹˡһӣָڽӴء
˾ţӳӢԪ
Ԫȥ˸׵鷿˳ܸһٱŭѵ׼
үӢǺ˵һ䣺ܵ£˵ˣ㻹ʲô˵ģ
ԪϽֱǱ˵СĻ˵ôŴǣ
Ӣˣɫһʵ˵ʱĻθɣֻΪˣ㶯ִˣ÷طͷٰѲʱɱˡ
Ԫ󾪵СֲΪҪɱ
ֻ˵ʱĻǵŭʧִ̬ˣ˵ʱѨߡǱĵ֪ˣպòʱв㣬ػ᷽ҡɱΪ˴óΪѨߡЩױ㡣
۵Ԫͬʵɴߣ͸ù¼ҹˣĸвȸףֵΣۼʶ׶ĸ׵ĶѵĸײǸ׵Ѩߣ
Ӣûһ˿ɵظ˴𰸣һΪ
Ԫ񣬱ΪԼѾԶթѪпȨ˻֪׵Ļش𣬻̲ס
ӢƺԪ˼룬վøߣܵһЩվڸߵλʱͿԵõࡣûʲôǲġ
ϣֻһС㣡ֻҪС㣡ҶԪ÷ִ磬֪⻰һ˵ǰʱء⻰ֻĬĬź
Ӳ˵ӢǾɣȲʱ÷ˣɱԼ֣Ľᡣ
ǣԪϽ˵ǻ˵ҵĻ˵˵Сҵͯҧҧּææ̹׵ϲС㣬ûͯҪ
Ӣֹ̧֣Ԫ˵Щ˸ұ˽㣬ôһ㣬ûֻ㲻Լ֣ˣͷС˶֡
ΪʲôԼˣ׾Ȼ˵ԼûԪϸ׵˼·
ӢҪŴ£ӣʮĵطСӣ⣬㽫ǰѧѧӵϡұ˽ϣηǸô㲢ûдűͨЩС£һһġ
Ԫо׵Ļе
ֻ㲻Լ֡һСӣʲôݣԼִˣɸˣˣ
ԪָϽ͵ʱûߣһֻԼˡ
㲻зݵ˼ͷٴСһһʰ
׽˫׽ߡʱŹǣºȥʣ˭ѽ
ӢЦǣСӣһ仰Ҳ׶ţûԩǣϲʲôϵֻҪһٲұ˽Ϊֹ
ԪһξãСݣϵ󣬶Ȩ͵λ
һ£㵱ʲôӢһϸ׵ģҪ£ˣˣӷס
ֻһ˶ܿˡ
ֻһ㣿
Ԫ룬ҡͷ벻ʲô
㵱ʱִˣﵽʲôĿģ
ʵԪ߲ŶֵģûʲôĿģһʣŵǱ죬˵ҸСĻФ룡
ĿģﵽҹƣܿģǱģֻ¶㶼ǲûеõõõĽѵعͷ㿴ĵطǻ޵㣬޾ηˣûﵽĿģֵ˾֪Ӣ̾Ϣѽⳡܣÿ
Ԫ˼һĳ÷˵ǣҵʱһ嶯ˡ
Ӣܽ£ʧڲõҪı󶯣ҪԼΧ֮ڣƿȫ֣ӸϽ⣬ž¼ٴη
ȻӢĳصҪѴΪ䣬Ժ£Ҫ˼УϲҪס㲻ǳˣСӡ
ǰӢûԶǿСӡݣȥѧӵܺͺһ飬ҪˣҪͬǺúദöӶȹһͬѣгҲлЦֱͯ꣬ӹڡ
ҳ̬ȣҲԪСͬûʲôţֻ۱ۣ˵ʲô˵ʲôȫ˼ɡ
ǣԪԸҪʱ㣬ΪһıˡǸͨ꣬Ҫͬӱ
Ԫõ˸׵Ľ̻壬ǿģ˷ܣͷԸԽӾĽ
Ӣʵ˵˵ô
ҪʲôԪ㶲ŷӦˣȴûдﵽ˱죬ͬĿģ£Ȼꡣ
Ԫʱ˼Ѫһ㣬־ױʾҪ˰ѵʱ˵ͬѵһ٣ҪѵǷΪֹ
ӢЦššһʾӵı֡
ʵСӴܣСһ׮ȫԲ֮º㣬£ΪӵӸӡ
󣬳ӢŶӣнĸ״
ҳ飬籩ȵȣЩ״ǰƶӦĴʩ
֮Ҫһֻ˳ֵ׼ܱ֤ж˳ʵʩ
Ԫһ̣ܽͷȴʼյʱ㡣Щͬ˵Լл׶ҪԼȥѵո׻˵ҪɱСء
ȸ׵Ľ̵ݸһ֮ԪС̽ײҪɱСɣ̵Ķӡ˵ʱΪԼߣϽҴˣȫΪҲ˵ҵĻ


14 
ʱʮ
Ӣһȡ֮Ī˵̵Ķӡ
ԪϽԺһƺԼٲΪСʧ̬ˡұ֤ϲɡ
ϲ˭£ΪӸ档
Ԫ˳ӢֵҪ㡣һôϲиȣΪѨߣһģӰ쵽ڽӴҪȢޣҪеӡ
Ԫ˿֤֮࣬Щģǣ˵ϲС㣬úܣղѵҡ
ӢǴȰһЦ£ͷΪúȰ
ŮһںլŻ鰮£ñĻ£۳ĺᱻСС
ӢöֻҪ鰮еλãϲ˭νŮνֻҪӿľͺá
һ䣬Ԫֱһ㣬һο϶ˣϿСݸģĸ֮ڣ
ԪյػصΏӣټСˣʹĳ涼һж·ߣ˼ǰ׵㣬׼޹¾㱸ȵ춼ˣʱŻ
ѵôˣʱ㲻⣬ӣԪѵ̵ģ²в
ţʱĿһɨּΏȻۼʮţϻ޹һǡҪʲộòҪԸɣĪ飬ֲ롣
ѵˣҵûѵ˵áû
һ֮󣬼ԪһˣҪֵӣʱסЩ
ҪȡүȻԳӢһһжرעʱ˳Żʣү˵ʲôˣ
ҪɱС㣬Լ£Ԫϸתֻ˵Ϊѧ˽ϣη͸ýѵԼʱƵ˴˸ЦӸ׽飬Ҫ˰Ǽͬѵһ顣
ĩˣԪ˵С㣬һȥҸǸǸ
ʱˣֻүºҲȣҲ߯խˡ
ʱҲԣڱ۵ФˣҪ˵ȫȻǼٵģôѵĻᣬʱĻ᲻ϲ
ҼȻҪԪȡүȻҪֵøԪһ£ͬˣʱɵӦá
һҹעƽ
ԪųСˣѵʱһ˵лļѧӣһ顣
˰ѧǴùǺ꣬ǿаͷǸʱǸ
ʣСү˭𣿡֪𣿡
Ȼһ·ȥҲһ˳ѧǶĸסһ𣬼ҳȻϷԼҺӱ򣬻أ󣬻Ӳ顭ڵֱ֡
ѧУһλүӢĵճԪֶȴԪԴ󣬾볢ʱζ
ʵݹϵʱҲλճı塣ճԼݸߣŸɵؿڳ
ԪûϵճүӢӵ˴Ѷ֪Ԫˣ˵Ƿǵѧӣ˵ͦҵģѸļҳҲ˺ü
ӢϰĴˣȴûӵģλСֶӵӣ²Ԫϴ˰Ѱû򵽵ѧӰһ飬оԪƽʱ磬϶ڱ
֮ˣ룬һӳӢ
ͨ˽ڣүֱӳֹԪԸˣԪȻȥҳӢ顣
Ӣˣʣˣ
ûС
ˣ
ҲûУȫ˵òᡣ
Ӣ˹ذһС˱꣬룬˲ǣŵȻûû˲УǾǺ֮Ц֡ǰ֣Ǵȥöܣˡ
ү֪Ǹ˵һˣ˿ڣû׼飬ٶ˵ҲûãǣȥԪգôԪ壬ǳԪܲӣ
ţӢС׳һС˱Цɩĸһ롣
үȸӵӲɷڰѸˣߡ
¡Ӣдżϣָͷڼһãҽ¡
үӢǣֻ¡򣬲αǻõ飬λεذϡ
Ӣ滺˵ҾҪʶһ£ԪСӡ㼱Ÿϻȥֹ㶪
үһ֮׹ԪСӣ˽֪ʵӢ仰صǡʶ
ԼϻȥֹԪԼӣһѵĨӸ֣Ԫӵ¶ôճ
֣ѵԼҵﱻ裬ҷǶøˣ
ˣǱܿΪáﱻˣôԺ£ӻء
գүֻñһڳӢ鷿ĥʱ䡣
ףүͨ˵СѾ˳ˣؼΏˡ
үϽܻԼԺһճﱻͷһһš
ſ޵˻ߵӣүѪծ
ʱȫͬ룬ѧǱǸʱһ⣬ȫǰƣȻ߳һչʾƣٻıƷС
ԪһҹһСӣСӣ˿Ԫ񣬶ǰͬˣһЩǰûеľη֮ɫ
ǰСӵĸһ±ˡ
Ȼʧˣתֻ
ѧСӵλƵǰУС֮ѧӶԾؽˣ־롣
˿ʱҲ˸ı䣬η֮У룬ģЦӶȸֲζ
ѧʱλĵذСֱߣʱСüȥٲʱתͷŤˡ
˶ˣܲʱǲͯСӵĽ
¼֮ʱٴμĸףΪĸ׿϶ѵԼ
룬׿ϲûἰ¼ҲûвʱСӵĹϵֻظŶӵ֣˵ˡ
ĸճ໥ѯʶԷӡҳţ˵ѧҵϡ
׿˵ѧǺõġȱٵֻܸͨоʷӼ壬ԼȱãЩƾĿ£һˣعϰ
ΪΣ
ƾΪѡ˲ţΪ١ȵѾ¹ּһӵ볯ˡûһҲǻףչأܲμӿƾ٣ˣÿ񡣡׿٩٩̸ü赭ƽңʮǰǸˡ
꣬Ȼ˲ĸӣĽǵڹٸĻһ嶼ͷˣٸˣĸǹٸûмصĺˡ
ûлټʱûμӿƾ٣ͯԶûʸ񡣳ʱգ̱ҡ
ʱ㲢ûпܹ̱ձҡΪ䱣˲ĸӣǲûеõʵ۵⣬˭Ҹҹĺӣǲ
Ҳǲĸӱ֮ȴǰȥͶ׿ңֻԭ
˵㰲ıʧܣҪ壬Ҳǣĸӡϲڰľ֮ڣֻҪ裬⡣
Ǻˣû֤Լݣֻһɰūá
ĸӲҪ֤ԼݣֻּͷͷΪѡ
ֻ׿ϼ˵ȻǶܲμӿƾ٣ЩƾĿ¸ʲôѾѧϰգʥ˼뾫ϣѧ;
ǡʱĸ׵Ļмء
׿ӣĳ˵ɲţҪˡȻѧˡ
ҪףҪйҪöءʱףĸ׸Ľ̻塣
󣬲׿˵Ȼӽ̵ò÷ѧãȥȥҲɡԼڼ￴飬ɻ֮ͷȥ̷ӡ
ʱˣͷһ
¼֮ʱÿѧܵͬ۵ӣͣشѧһ಻ԣʮߵ¡
ֹһΣҪܹȥѧͺˡ
룬׿ϾȻԼɿˡ
¼֮Ԫټĸף׿˶ʮ䵭ġܵĸӹϵһ䵭
ѧͬǶԪԶ֮ٸܲǰõķΧˣԪûȤ֮㲻ѧˣڸѧϰ
ʱҲѧø˼٣Ԫȥ£ڼΏӿ飬ӹõҲһЩ
ֻԪ棬ϲ֮ߣͬͬסͬͬͬ齶ߣЩ
Ԫ䲻ͻðʱ㣬֮ʱҪʱС´棬ȲһȻٲЩǾٶ
ʱŬҪϲԪԪʵȣƾܣȡ
ǣЩǾٶ˰ԪԵûͷת֮⣬ʱͷûвʲôͲ
ʱԸƿصУԽЩ
һЩʱɰ役ǣ֪ʲôʱҵܵĻᣬ֪ӳȥָ֮²ֹı棿ģüֹ
ôڱƽİ֮У£ʢ֮ʱһԪʱ˵С㣬׽游ǰʾдš


15 
ʱȼһϣ
ˣˣˣʱʯͷ˵ĸо
갲汣ĸӣ˿ݵķϣֻ¸ǾòŹµݣͼɣ
ԼĴڼΏӣŬϲԪԪֵͶ֮ү
ʱװĵʣ游ʾдţ˭д
Ԫ޷
λʱ㵹ĸ׻ǳŲһʱᵽΡ
λޣ֣ǲĵӣѧͨ
׿ǲĶϱڽϼʱϢݵﾰ֮ʱ޷ǡûؾְȥʦԢݷã˵ʦϲСӣûŵ⺢ӵܡ
ʱ㷭˸ۣдʲôţֲʶ
ԼԺӣԪһѣһʣѵû˵λ
ǵˡ
˵λ˵Ҫӵġʱ̫Զˣ˰ա
Ŷ˵Ǹѽĸ˵ʱԱ߰Ԫ£Ȼ״͵游ʱ£߲ĸʮˣĸŵ̽ǹ¶ĸ޷ӣ꿪֮󣬱ˡȥʮˣӰûУүдţĪǽţ
˵ţʱԪ·ԱС˻һд
Բŵǵͣʱʵ֮ʹʱûʲôдϾʱСůʱȴζ
£ʱܾãĸܱܿǳһڤڤ֮е⡣
ǻʱ࣬׿ϵý׿ˣǰ˵ĻΧֻúôƴһطдŽв׿ϰʱȥСסһʱ䡣
׿ϴСǰʱȾȴϴԼ谮ĵմӡ
ΪɼӼƵĲүӣ߾ܻ񷨣ƻڳƶȵоһɳӣֱɡ
ԼֱУ֮£ȴһʱڿ죬ἰ£˾ǡҲǴӡλòͳۣ۴ŭԴ󲻾֮һɷֱɵĳȫϳȥˡ
ڲӢĸ£šսɡʥʹӶɣʷ
䣬ж˶δۣѱزľһϢöǲͷŭ֮£ѲųնɱӺ
ʥּһ´ģʥּһʥּ̫ΪɣӲǷ˳ӵĴλķ̸⡣һʥּΪ̫ӣ
۷˻˭Ҷԣұǰ
ò˵ͬһ£۱ۣǿƺ̫ˡ
ֱɣ󲩸ҪۼһѣǾ͵ؿˡһ£ȫˡ
ǾŲǰ̫ڣ̫ӷ֮¡
۱ز֮ôһڣձݱˡ
ǰ̫Ӹո뾩⣬Ϊб䣬̫ӵȳӵֱ̫ǰλ£ȳТ֮еǻ䡣
ۼݱ֮ʱɱҵʥּ·ϣʱдҴҼλµ۽ԣӱ׷ؾּ˲ļҾ졣
ϾֻǷֱɶѣֲ淸ʲôĴڳƱˣѾûɱӺıҪˡ
µΪТģӲԸҪȵһ´ּͿ㱻۸ϣȵ۵ķţˣµǼ׷ȵּǵּ͵˽𴨣Ѳųնˡ
ˣүӢ˵Ǳʵֳնģ⻰ʵ
ȻǳնţȻҪȥѲĸץˡ밲үܲˣӲ׽ãٻرµۡ
µŷѾѲҴ󲿷ɱˣּҲִйˣضԲϸϾɱ
˵ǻ壬ָߣּԼίʵøλӲġ
ߣѶصǰ̫ڶҪͷûͬʱս
ֻ飬ýݣˡ
µ۶ЩֹȵۻĴ󳼣ǺޣȻûиɴѩǶǵĺչˡԲչˣ¼Ǩ˵ӡ
ˣѧϵȴһ¥̵˵ӣ׷׳ˣڳ
˵ĸӱڰ£ܣʮ䣬ûһӵǰŹ£ҲûС޷Ҳвŵһûиĸ
һ棬µΪ˲壬òŵӣһ棬ŵӶԲŹ²Ųʣů죬ѹʱ޷ܾд
ʱ㱻ͷˣԪͬһ룬۵ذʱڻűĪĪǾǽͷдŰ޵ڿ˾£ݲʦν
ʱˣӽдţֻ޷ڿЩʣô꣬ޡĸӶܲʣдȥֻҡ
ٹһ£ʮˣ׵˼дţ޵š
ʮˣʱʱͷѹžʯȫˡͷЦЦΪүǵҵء
ǣҸ˵Ҫײ޵дš
ǰһѵСӣүôǵǵģԼֻԪ׿˰ɡ
ʱѾǲˣ֪ʲôʱʼԪܻ֮գЩСն˵С㣬Ҫһӿĵġ
Щ£ÿÿʱжĮԪеů
ʱ鲻Խֻ̧ԪЩ˵ллÿ궼ǵǸӡ
ʲôÿҲ˵ġԪ˵ţſʱ㣬ˣȷ磬СȥˮٴӼ
ԪСӣÿ궼ʱ㲻ȥǣȻ֪Ҳط׼ʱŸˣԪһ伪黰ˡԪ֮
ʱС˴ˮԪ԰ˣСýӸ塣
ʱһ߿ţһδĺдûôӣ벻
˵ˣƾȻ벻ڲϣһ
Ҹĸľʮ꣬Ӳʡҿѽֻ游ҲáʱԴͷӣƵ˵
ȻȻԪתС˸󱳣˵Щ£û˵游жӣȴǲģ̳вѧ²޷ϻۺѧ̤ʵ㣬µеٮٮߣƶ¶аģԼҺֶݺ׺񡣡
ʵʱĸ˵ֻӣϴϲ绨ѩ£ѲʱĴ󲮣϶ƣпʱĸףѧʵˡ
޷ѧʮϽܺõ˲Ĳѧ裬ڲʱǹϵĲѧ̳ߣʱգҲΪ塣
һֱԼѧʣֵøʹ࣬Դӳ޷ˡ
Ԫ˵˵ŵӶ߲֮ͽ޷ܡжչˣܶ˶֪¶ǲһֲٰģǰʮ꣬ǲŲʣҲǿ˵ùȥϾ໥֮䶼û硣дţţҪǲ˷顣ˣͲܳΪ̲֮ˡ
˵ôһѻԪͣͣϸɾ£ܽ׸ҷţԼĳŵټϲĹϵҪǰϧԼΪ壬㲻ܲ
ʱûٳȥŶ飬Ϣʮֱϲ֮ʱģӶ֪һЩϢ
ԪĻʱһ޷ݣĹλȻͣУǣмĵλߣȻƣʱգпܳΪ̲֮һλ塣
޷ݣʱֿƲү޷ڿΪ޷ţҪǣ£޷
ڡûءλĹУҪ˳棬ҡźơҪõǵ֧֣ϰүǻλͳ̳ˣۺ͵ռݸߵ㡣
޷ѡУΪźƵ졣
޷ǰ·һ˵֧ı棬ǿаսʹ޷סѹʲôӦֻҪݷ˰紫һ̬
ʱ̲ס룺޷ǰҲ뿪Ļᡣ
ʦǲǸøʦѧϰʦڷﾰ٣ǲǸøȥﾰǣͿ뿪
ôãȻ֮俴һϣϣʱͷʱ޲޷ܹߣѵûصãȥд
ţͬһȥԪС˵ķϾӼһԼϵ´һͬʱȥիԱߣʱдš


16 
ʱȰһį
ʱ˵ŲдҪҪһµ̬ȡ
϶޷ͨ籨ţضݡΪܹ޷˵˸ɫɫͲطԾˡ
д÷ܣԪˣ˵дôɰͰ͵ģ޵Ŀˣˣ²
ʱѱһϣɫΪдţΪԼŲд壬߲֮ܣҪдֻдˣү޸ɫģ޷
ĸԪĻŭţǲǴʱѾѰԼļˣ˵֮ʱŻ԰Ϊ㡣
Ϊʱί޷дţ±Ԫж
˸ж֮࣬Ԫֻ˱ʱɢ飬ܵذţһ㡣§סʱ֫ʱб˹ȥ
ʱԪã˵ʲôоԪԼᵹһתͷͼԪһؿԼ׸
ʱһֱ빼ԪһֱڰŬϣԻӦԪһݶԵȵϲԪǾٶʱпܣһЩԸǨ˳Ԫ
ֻԼ˵أԪȴ죬ʱһͷңٶ̫ǣĸ黹ûﵽܽǾٶĵز±㲻ԸǨԪ
ͷ䲻Ը⣬ʱ಻ӲܾԪѿͷ죬Ϳ˳ⶥԪ壬źۼشԪӵ§
Ԫ⣬ʱͻȻͿϽʣôˣģôˣ˷磬ǿɲΡĹĺͽŶģһͨѯʣҲż⡣
û£ˮǺˡźȲĶʱ壬ֵдˣ㲻ȥүĿ
ΧˣԪҲû˼ʱᣬֻ塣
ղϵĺգᱡľӼֻ·ȥ˸С˰ȥԾСիʱġ
ʱ˵޷ͲŵԹ֮Ԫ˵Լἰ޷Ͳŵء
Ԫת׵Ļ˵ŵӲǲ̽ĸӣΪʵۼɵԱܻ䣬ŵ֪ĸӵõıӻƽƽ
֮࣬ҴٳɣŻֵöԲĸӲŲʡĸҪʲô¶ЩŵӶϲԹۡ
ˣδʱȫ벻ŵǶĸӱֵòŲʣлЩ顣
ԪתķʱŻȻؿ޷ͲŵӵĻԹʱɢͬʱ룺дŰ޷ѣ᲻Ầ
ʱףԪԶԶСˣźϴ£ϴˡ
ÿÿɵϣʱͷһԪͷ˵Ļϲ㣬ٲҪʱһ
ȴ£ʱڿϣͻ˲ŵӵĮͬʱд޷Ầʱͷ·˺ܶ໰˵
Ԫղŵһγʱ㰵룬ԪٶǲǴԪΪǵġ项Ѿ㹻ˣ
һֱʱ㶼Ԫúõ̸һ̸ýǸʱСӡ
Ԫ飬ˡСӡ֣Щؾ˵öˣҪССӡҪССǶֹϵСôܻеôء
СʱʱǽСģˣ׿Ͻ̵£Ҫ֪֮Ҫ𱰣ʱĿڽССӡˡ
ʱ㡸šһ˳ưԪľݵ̸һ̸
˵ʲô˵ǣôʲô
Ǿ˽˵˵п㲻Ҫ档ʱ¸Ԫ̸ˣֽˣճһ£±¶ԼʵͼԼµ̰׷ˣʡ
Ŷ˵ɡ
ʱ㾶ʵǼңô뵱ʵۣ
ȻԪҲ֪⻰治Ծѹ밡ʵۿ֮ˣ˭뵱ʵѽֻ˼ңˣλֲǣǼҲͬĻλۼҵġ
ʱϵֻʵһ棬ûһ棿
һ棿ʲôһ棿
㿴ѽϷﲻڳʵۣҪÿ첻ϳ˻£͵дһȰ룬һ굽ͷϢǲȤúܣ
Ԫ룬ֻе˻ʵۣſԸԼɵ顣С㣬гһҵ˻ʵۣһ࣬һɽ
˵֮ԪָģС㣬ҷģʲôұ֤¼㣬Ȩ㳯ҰС
ԪϲԸΪ㾡еϲϲҪɽĵز
ϲβʱжأ
ֻϧԪʱģʱҪģ˸жжȴű˵Ĺ£˵ĹжǸжһ㣬У಻ֱĵס
Ŭ£ʼûϲԪʱãЩͶʱ̣ԽԽһϷݸүݸе˿
ֻ£עҪԪһϲˡʱ㲻֪䣬̾˿
̾ˡԪеʱļͷ˵ʱ䣬̾ʲô£˵Ҹ㿪⿪⡣
̾𣿻̾ʱʱѾǳˣҲǳĵαװţǲ֪Ԫǰй©
ʱûϲˣϷϲһˣӦÿĵԪǰ̾᲻Ԫɣ
ʱ㲻Ԫļͷʲôģ˵£Ҹ㵣š
Լûαװɳ鰮꣬ȸԾˣʱһ̾ǵ㡣
ʲô
ʱٵӣ˵ȵʮǻʮݱˣλʮꡣʥ϶ʮǻʮ꣬˵Ѿˣ˵䲻ĻҲֻٻˡ㿴ʵۣÿ춼вٲģӣԼͿˣĵãٿ游үѾʮ˸ˣúúõģӹǻӲء
Ƿſػٻһʮ궼⡣˵Ļʵۺãٵүã
ûûءλԼҲûеϻʵۣʱ㿪ʼԼۻ壬زˣԪһʱ죬ĵ̫ˣһֱʱġ项ж
Ŷԭ㵣ٲѽԪǳᴷʱһȭЦʵ֮ӣѲʲô˶Եʵ۵ġȵһǱȵǿλģϳΣΥȻ۸٣ʢ㡣˵һͳһȽһΪʵۣȻܵõıӣز١һٶʮģٲҪΪ̾ˡ
ôģȫʱﵽЧ
Ѿͷʱ㻻ǶȰʵ߯ʱضöţڵ󳼹磬ص󹬣ʺɹĶǣûһʡĵģһֱңһи㻹Ҳһ˵ˡ
ѽԪʵ͵иʵ۵͸öűţĻۣ˭˭ţһ룬̼ͦͦġҸ˽ʱȻͿԷǻ죬ųжȣⲻǺܺС㣬۾ô˵ˡ
ô⣿ôԪĽǶȣܸԼƫ
һûʱ˵Ԫתͷһֻʱһ͵Լ
ԪȻָͨˣС㣬ϸ˵ʵⲻãǲãǲǲʵۣǲҵ˻ʵۣȢӣĶ⣬㲻ã
ʱˣԪôģô˼ԽԽԶ
С㣬ģⱲӣҾϲ㡣Ԫ³ŵŮ˶ӵģ˿ģͷֻװһ
С㣬̫Զ̫࣬ôͿʼЩûӰӵǵĴˣСһ̫ںˣˣ
Ԫʱ㣬岻ʱ˹ȥЦſС㣬ĪԴˣҶϲϲЩŮ˵ġ
ûСʲôףԪѻԽԽƫʱգۼԪԼƨɲɵԱһơ
Ԫ˸գƲס㵹ɵʱϡԪԱʱϣʱ֪ұҪʵֻۣ˻ʵۣҲӵ㡣ϲС㣬Ҫ˶֪ϲ
ΪΣʱ㲻ɻϲʵʲôǣ
ԪѾڸ׵Ľ̵¿ٳɳѾǸֻǰϲ֪ˡ
۽罥չ۹⽥óԶϲʱ㣬ƻҪʱһδһһȥʵ
ϲһˣеȣȺ̬ȡ
˵ϲȴ֪øʲô޷ϲκαϡ


17 
Ԫһ
Ԫݵֻе˻ʵۣܶסˣЩŵӵ죬ǲҹڦڮ㣬ܰõĶ㣬λ˳
ҲҪЩҪٳˣҪ࡭ʱʵ̲סԪһԸΣҲϲĶǣ棬ЩȤúܡԪģʱҪˡ
Ԫʱϣſʱ㣬ʣҪʲôֻҪ㿪ڣҶŪ㡣ڲܣ˻ʵۣҲһ׼Ū㡣
ʱͷԪ㣬ҪʵۣҪšûءλͰַү𣿡
Ԫһʱ㣬ʵΪʲôӦҲ˵£游ҪûءλʲôӦã
Ԫۣɼͷʱ̲סҪҪ˵꣬۵õ۵λͳĵطֻǴӣϳùذˡ
ѾȥʮˣѾݱ꣬϶ǻʮˣʱǨڲ£ֶôֹͳǡı桹ǾȻֱ׳úЦ
ͺһ޴ĴȥһС覴ã뷨Ǻܻ
ԪǲܣܿܣֻҪǼҵϻλ˭˵ۼı棿С㣬ǲǺĳıʧܣûµģʧˣƴҲỤȫ
ȻҲܿˣʱЦѧѧȥˣóܹҳӵ뷨ȡѧТ壿
ԪЦ봫λʱ游ͦһڴ󳼷ֱɡ游ΪТȴʹλ֮ʱĸվάТ壿
ТҪã۱λ游ǰڱǨݣΪΣТҪã游űնµΪʲôλΪʲôǲѩƽԩ
Ԫʱ㣬ʣС㣬˵ѧТ嵽ʲôã
ʱ޷粵Ԫų˵ԼĽۣνТ壬̸ֽЩ˰ˣ
˶٣ԪƺʲôʵС㣬㲻ѾΪʲôԡǡûءλ˵ǡûءλԸƽԩѩԸ뷷ھԸ࣬ôôΪʲôҪԣ
Խ˵ͷԽأѵС㻹Ÿ淢ı棿ҪŸɣѵСǰֳͶϣǼٵģ
һ뵽ֿܣԪĶˣʢģñȥʱֶ֣ڲСʣС㣬˵ΪʲôҪǼҡûءλ
ʱСӴ磬ԷյĻѧ÷ӵĴںĸ׵Ľ̻壬һӷǳ˼롣
ʱѧ֧ǵ䣬Ȼߵļ
ʱûûءλǲܴеõʲôô
ֵġҡǻڶѧ⣬ûСڳ͢ʥϡ뷨
ʧȥλʮ֮󣬻׼¡ûءλΥѧڡТ塹ĲΥʱĿʥ
ҪԼŻһǻµؼҪֹı档
ⳡ̸ݱһ˼ϵĽ棬̱ӣɱѪ졣
ʱظоԪǵԼĿǰĴʱȥֻǾã¡ûءλ̫ѧТĲλĴУӦñȨᡣ
Ԫ˿ʵֻǾ£бѧûбԭ򣿡
š
дŸ淢
ʱ㿴Ԫ˲һЩ£ԭд淢ţΪǱģһ֮ˣһ߰ŵΏܼ
ʱֻƳһۣܿջĿ⣬Ҹһʲôˣ㲻˭ңдǷţүҡŸߣҾͺˣð롭Īˡ
֪ѾȰԪˣʱֻƣһͷشϣԽΪ˵Ҷ˵ˣû¶пģô
ʱд淢ŵ£ڵõһԲĴ𰸡ʱ㲢ûб˽ҲûгΪʲôߡԪĵ״˿
ղʱʱ򣬿ôϾĺʱһġ
Ԫҷģһ·絽ʱϣţ˫ֳʱԱߣʱԼ-·ϵѹ֮ƣĵļѹرʱ㣺㵱ٲɵˣɱͷʲô˼ϲ˵ֻܺҸˣȻ䲻ģɱһǹ˶ס
ʱ֪ԪģȻܲϲԪ-µĸоȴҲ̫Ԫ⣬ɫ˲ﲻǻסڸͷҲ£ʲô˵ˣҸﶼǺڻˣʥϹҸǳ֮ˣǻּͷǸ˵ģֳ£Ҹﲻܵø·̵ٺôҸҪŸɣ
˵ʱ̧ȥԪҪƺ;棬õ𿪣𿪣㶼ңʲô˼һСԺȥүҪҪɱҪУ㲻ɡ
ʱƢģԪţȴϲɷˣһͣʱøͬʱ˫ַɿذʱѹڴϡ
ʱһʱԪסֿԪͷƺҪǣͷõԤУԪ̬ȷ
ȴּԪͷյԼţϢľ룬סˣ˵ӦңԺǧɵˡʲôȺȻ㡣
ʱţ׼ԪҪҷ룬ɲˣԪ˵ʲôûзӦֻ㶵Ӧһš
һǹɵġšԪģһᣬʱߣ˷ſˡ
ԪԼȥˣΣʱŷӦɵﴲƣٴԪ롣
ȴԪܵʱæС㣬ˣ
ʱ㲻
ˣ
ʱţ˵
Ԫִʱ̽Լʱ㾱䣬ƵصĪˣҶΪá
׽̵׹С֮ҪСã£סСġʵҪСõģ᲻С㡣ֻǸղСۣͷ¼ˣˡǹҪС㣬ҪСǰġ
ʱʵûƢûϲԪֲһ·ˣʲôֵģ
ԪСغԼԽΪˣ˵Ҷ˵ˣл㻹棬ŻͽѵҲд淢ţ˵ҡȲңһʲô˼ɢˡ
ԪоʱԼŵϿ챧ˣЩлˣһ˵Щҽѵ㣿С㣬ˣҸǸ𣿡
ȵ죬ԪôţʱֻԼ˽˴¯оԪ̵̹ģȵֱðһ֣ԪҲһĺա
ԪԼǰʱͱͱԪģô㲻ȣ˯ȥ㣬Һðڿ˯
Ԫϲ㲻ųȥסˣ
Ҷᵽˣ˵ҴǰסԺӣѾŸסˣһסȥʱַſء
⻰Ԫ׷ģſ֣ԼⴲŲŲ˵ɲˡ
ʱ㷭˸ԪͷʪܵģȫǺˮ֪ǱԼˣùڴĽӸԪĨ
һĨʱһ˵ΪģϲңңȤýҶ֣԰ңҾ治ͬˡ
ԪȻϽʾٲʱˡ໥ԷĨ˺ֳЩԳл
ôһ֣ҹˣʱԪ֪˯˹ȥ
ʱȴȥ˯ţ˼ţԪǸԼ׽ˣָ˵ԪԼһֹı档
ͬͬ£ദþˣȻȻʼƭֻҪԼŬЩҲԪĳ⡣
񣬾ôһ̸ʱˣԪһ𳤴һɣһѧͬһ-ȴѡ˲ͬĵ·ԯޣۣԽԽԶˣΪһİ£
Ԫ֮䣬Ȼͬߣģȴɽˮ޷Խǵ蹵
ٴʱ㣬ΣǶԼҲϲԪǶθ
ɵҹʱķңŴӴ£ŵشţ˾ҡ
ү
ʱڷŹϣ䲻һлתһȴһֵҹСˣԼʱϽ˸ơ
С˶ɿش·յʱǰʣүģҪȥ
˯ţԺߣȥġ
ĩԾЩȣʱֻԺɢɢɫ顣
Ѿ˵ˡȥġС˻ಽظţʱԭ飬Խ
ΏµСˣŷ壬һһýģʱֿҪϢĸо
ɢɢģСôһԽɢԽƣʱĩʣ˸ҹգ̾һڣͷ룺ҪСʩͺˡ
ͷһʱоϺشһʹţֻǰʲôһ
ʱϽȥֻ봩żɫ䳤ۣԼǰһͷѻĳһţʱɢ
ԼЦһɵأʱ׽
廹Ǹ壬òǸòֻǴʱ룬·̥һ㣬ԵøƮ廪ɡ
ʱϽתͷȥŵСˣС˻Ԫү淢ҹ˽롣


18 
Դ
ȻԵȣڲ׿ϣҼū
ӼԼСˣҪ˽᡹߶ȣ뷨е㳶
ǣʱڿʱͷðģͷ
ʱͷŵСڳһͷߵĶȴһֻ۾ϷԼǺ֮ɫ
ʱͷȻﻹ̲סʵʩסˣ
벻ᡸš
ʹˣʱŻعС˰ѾˣڻСģһдµˣʶزҰ뵱СŻð˽᡹뷨
˵ǹ˵˵ʱϸϸѰһίʵҲһ˿˿йļ䣬ֻûһʣ㡭
ʱԣ˰룬Ǹİˡ
һʣʱһֳ߰ͲĦŸղʹĵط˼ѵ뵽ʱǺʹȻ֣
һٻ룿
鲻ã㿪⿪⡣ȥЩʱĹϵͬѰƵġ
֪ʲôʲô
š
ֱʱؿŵĸоãңĿӣֹڱ棬ƺܿӵ
ΏʱʮַпСǵļӣ֪ΪʲôʱĿӣȴûʲôֻ˼˿̽ȥЩΣɵáظЦһ
ֻʱԼûע⵽һƺɿࡣ
ҲЦЦˣҳһˣֵˡ
ססںɣ
ЦΪվţ˵֮һȣЩСԣһ˿
˿һ£ŷ֣ǸһСˡ
С˱˵һֺ£۾ôģʱ㡣
¹֮£ôܣʵڲʲô֮£ʱС˵Ҷ˵ˣֻԺߣƫҪҲ£벻㣬վţҸȥǱͤ˵㿴õңҲܵġ
˵һܡ֣ʱȻһͷ԰뷨˵ãô뿪򵥵£
һԵ˵һʹ䣬Էμ䣬𿴼ңøϻ
ʱ㱻Լ뷨ܣתȥȾͷͤӣû£ʱļʣ룬뿪ô㷨ôߣһеģǲǣ
һ󲻽ؿԼʱԼĴ뷨˵һ£Ҫ뿪ҵ游ʾɣ飬ҳһܱȫֹıİ취
ʱ˵ʱǴӣ˵ᣬֱůĿ·ʱʲôҪһ㡣
ʱ˵ˣϣ롣ϸ˵Ҳܴ뿪
Ϊʲôʱ˷ŵģһ³ȥ
ʱһβסʧ֮ɫϧţȴغƵʵɣûôϾſʼѧ˼ǳû´뿪
⻰ʱȼһǻȳصֻҪǸˡҳȥҪֻҪһһָ˶סǾһ·ҡ߳ȥˣҪǸ׷ͶҪǸҽ£ͽ
ʱһ˵һѧӣ˸ָҵ㣺ȫסܵǣ
ʱ㵽׻Ѳ˺Լү棬ҡ뿪үôӵ۾뱩ֶãȴֻӣֻͷıһɨ⣬˵úǺЦ۾ڷŹ⡣
ʻѣɷʱ㣬ǾԶУʱģôϣʱʱ㣬
ıĿУģ
ĥĥ䣬̰ؿʱʱӣʱߴ٣ôˣ۾ôֱˣѽ˵˵ܲѽ
ֻӲͷƤҵĶһֻһΣһֻܶסˣǼޣٶ࡭Ͷסˡ
Ȼⲻ滰ȻʮУʣ²ɣɾⲻɣҲ˵΢
Ӧʱ󣬲ǲܣǲҡ׶淲֮£һױͥѲʹ֡Ը½磬Υͥץǻᱻطġ̷ͥһ£ϲֲǶM
ЧӦʾĨҲĨĨϵǣ漫ٵҪСӸĨˣСǣ浽ڶԻһϵĴΧͻңټϵ㴫ݣ㲻ãǧʹ˱
˵ԪɾǧĨƻ˼ҵ٣Ԫɾ磬ɵۺݺݲһ
ʵ벢Ԫɾ᲻ϲԼǣԪϱԼͥע⣺ԼΪʲôҪΥ˽Ը½磿
ôҾͻע⵽ʱСɣҲᱻʹȥʱСɵǰ뿴ġ
ʱһֻܶˣǾͷһήȥĹ⣬Ҳһ°Ϩˡ
οģԺҼӱڷٰʮ꣬ܴﵽֶˮƽˡ
ҪٰʮꣿȰٰʮȥ˵Լˣõ
ʱƵᰲοˣͲҪ˵룬ÿΰοˣӡ
ή֮ʱбͤӵ˿ϣʧò˵ߵʱߣ£û˵ؿ
ʱ㱻ùֲ˼ͷһ뿴ǣȴһͤǡͤǣһɽ赲ʱߣʱޱѹֵĸоһ˲䣬ʱоͤǣ겻Ҳһ硣
룬ʱ㼸Ҳû룬ʶ˵ұͤȥ
ֱʱ㣬һݣɱʱ㱧ͤ
ͤճ紵ܣЩ࣬Ȼذʱŵͤϣۿʱİɫ±Ŵźںɫܹۣ벢ûʱ㵯˼
һֱףʱĸ߽֮ڶ;׷󣬶òЩζµĶ
ͤϣʱֻҰһ¿תͷ˷ǣƺӿǰͤܵѹϢУȻʧȡ֮һؽҰ쳨С
Դӷְİͼı֮ʱһֱѹţһϵ죬ʱ̲סһ̾డ
ʱҲ˳ʱߣʱ㿴ǣʱ㣬ʱ̾ణ˵ͤͤı£߷Ҫôͤڽ£Ҫôֱӻٵͤ谭Ŀ⡣
ʱ˵㱧𡹣Ƽһ䣺ÿζұ
ʱ㣺ӵı£治Ǹǵġţʱ˵˵Ĳͤ¡
ͤ£Ǻ£ʱһˣǽͤ£ָΰ
ԼֻʱԼ֪ڱСӶмӣΪӦùˮС
ԮôãʱȻ䷢ԭһ֧Լģһ룺룬Ҹüȥ𣿡ֶѧСҡ⣬ԼԼıġ
Ϊһʿѧʲô⣿ֻǣˣ׷Ѱʱ꣬û˱˽ʱ㣬Ҳû˱ֵ֪塣
ʱ˸ϣĹ⣬ԵرʾͬȻҪֵס
ģҵ
ֻһ仰ʱʱһ֪֮СԪС޲µһ𳤴󣬿ɵͷȴۡʬ֪꣬ˣ֪ġ
νͷ£ʣˡ
ʱһ仰Ϊ֪ͷʮָ˳졣һ־ϵãԶϵ־ã졣
֪ʱһ㲻ֱʵ˵˵ôҲ뿪ʱһ£ֲɲܲܲˣٵͤǡжñȫ׸淢һ;вá
΢Цܻٵͤǣֻ뷨ͤȥԸûȥֻ뷨ӽˡ
ʱ룬Ƕˣֻǣõν
볯ҷһۣЦ㲻ѾһλʰˣҸν
ʱ㴹ͷĬһô塣
㲻Ǵʸ޷дˣ˵ͤһɽʱλ᲻ǰ᲻ߣһжδ֪֮ңдŰڿ˵ẦԶСӵס
ʵʱףֻܣԸʱһѡˣůůЦţʣҿʩһЩ£ֻǵСӸ㣬㲻ñˡ
ãʱȻɵͤϣȴǵؾܾˡҪҵȻͷѹӱܡ
ʱ㣬Ҫ£ܶ࣬ǷɥҴ㿴ͤӶϣһķ羰
κʱԸ֣ʱһѡֻΪֹһαǿð½磿


19 
 ֮ӷ
ʱѾʮ꣬լԺܱˣﻹʲôɫûм
ʲôһķ羰ţʱ㻹ǽһ֮վ
ʱվ֮ƺʱվȵ쳣һֿһַıۡ
վͤӶϣͤ·ֻҹɫ֮£ӰӰ´£߲磬ķ̱ڣҹͶڵӰӣ׳·ޣҪ죬Ҫˣڳ˯
ҹɫʱһʱЩˣҹɫµ־ĶǣϢס
뺬Ц˵վøߣܿɫվԽߣܿľɫԽ࣬ҪҪԣ
ôԣѾվͤˣѵҪվߵĹݶȥ԰ү𾴰ɣ˵˼Ҵ˿湬˯ء
ʱʳôԡ֮ʱо뻷Լϵֱһţ˰εض𡣶ǰľѸٱСǴŴŵӰӣĴԽԽȻݶԾ۵ס
ʵ¹£һƽİݺᣬֻɲ֡ʱ㲻ɵֻ̾ûмˣĸ߶ȣ͵ľɫ
ʱߣЦ²ɣؽʬҰѪءǣľɫʵҲͿ᲻͡
˰ٰʮڻ졣ͣڸʣѪϺͻʣڴ̵Ĵϣ볳һĿʺ죬ȷʵһֳ޷
ʧܣ϶ӲһѪɱ¾˭пĳ棿ԣҪֹ£һҪɹ
ʱҪ˵Ȼ򵽣Լڲ֪ߵİУҡҡǿյģ
ѵԼɵȥˣ
ǿյģֲ̤ʵҪˤȥ÷ǣʱоĶҪĳˣܵؽеȥ
ţʱ㿴ݳԼɿӭҪŵأµòɱ۾
ʱΪԼˤһ̲⽴ʱоԼĽŴʵأȳһ죬Ƭˡ
ۣʱ㷢վͤϣδ뿪ʱ㸧ſĿڣһŻع³һˡ
ԾֻЦЦָָͤ£ڣٿҹɫʲôо
пɡڰޱȿҰ͹ݵҹɫ֮վͤϣֻܿڵָڰӰ˾խʱֻáпɡش
ʱĺƽ֮ſϵ֣˵үүСӾͤӣܴﵽ߸߶ȡˣ㣬ͤֻǱ˹ţվš
ʱף˵ġվͤָʵҲһ־񾳽ϵĸ߶ȡ˹ţΪѾվţֻδ
뿴ʱִ֫΢ʹɫʵʹ
ղŴҷ죬§еۡ
§ۣһʱûӦϷʵѲɣֱжд̣
һ⣬ʱѾ࣬붺Цˣ§ȥǿյģϵϣŻۡ
ŻȻɣܿÿһλӲʯ֩˿ѹû뵽ʱֻһ߷̥-壬֫ܲס
Ȼ´ٴ죬Ұ㿸ڼϣͲʹˣƨҲܵס
˿ڼϣǲ׳Ƶ磿һֻиֲŻ׵ĶŮÿڼˣаѸӿڼϵģ
ʱ㶼ǻǷʲô桭ҿ˵ôȻ
ᵽ죬ʱ뵽ʲô̧ͷգȻңԶǣʲôûп룺뵽״˶ߣѺݵķ羰۵ף
Լ̧ͷ죬еãڲе㽩ջĿ֮ʱʱֻͷһΣһ࣬²ȣһͷ㳯ͤˤȥ
ת֮Уʱ㾪ˤһĻ֮С
һѽסʱ㣬վãѵСЩ˵壬Ƶģ
ʱ㿴룬ֿͤӣٿǸ߲ɲգ룺ôľ룬ԺסԼֿԴԼôߵУʵǿ׾٣Լ뿪İɣ
ʲô΢ٰʮ꣬ܶʵǲְɣ
ͨ˽ڣʱﲻһ˿졣ʱת룺ܰԻϳ֣ҲʲôѴαǿ
ʱܿ춪˿죬˵Ц̸ʱҲףֹ£ÿԼ˹Լ⣬ﲻʲôæ棬ûʲô
ʵʱܺ棬ס߲ӣ뿴Լϵĺ룬ǲסں棿
ЦЦǺ벻룬ʱ顣
ʱʣǲǿٻ
ǰɡ
ʱϣϽ˵һٻ͵óŶԮһ˵ļ̫ˣܾٻ˵˵ɷ飬ܸõؼȥˡ
ǸһҪʦ
ʱ㣺Ųġưˡ
Զˣ֪춼ˡ
ܲŸΣദʱʱ޶˶˵أ֮У˵Ҫȥ˯ˡ˯˯νؼԪ˯һڴϣͲˡ
ţҲûȥˡʱһ·߻ȣ˷׼Сʩ֮ʱʱ״ʣţо仰һֱʡ
ĴǷ·һŵů΢Цʲô
˵ǹˣĹˣ⣬ĸ׵ûаиԪǸһĵ׺ܾˣһʲʣһҲʡ
˵ʶ㣬ˡ˵ʶңجεĿʼ
ʲôĹϵʱֻĸһ
ʱڶ죬Ԫһɼλ๫дźֽʱţһֲһֲˡ
ʱдţһǳɰͣԸˣ򣬳Ӣʱʲô˿Ļ棬ʱдš
ʱ㿴๫дźԡԼĿǣԼĸ׻ܵĲң͸һɱ֮飬ŵӵͬ顣
дˡԼĸڰѣǸлүȵĸ塣һдúܼԼľ仰ȥˡ
Ϊүʥϼɵƫ϶˹ٳ䣬д̫࣬δΪ蹦̵֮ӡȫᣬֻԵáԼ
дˡԼĽѾɶ飬ӵĽ̵£֪Ƿǡĸǰͽ֮ԼںСطҲĴƷѧʶʤĽһƨ˵ĽĳʵС
ϣͶݣڡԼʮ֮գǰеŵԣѡԼչ¡һдò࣬ȴǵ㾦֮ʣϣܹŵͣһˡ
˵ʵʱźļ๫൱ԼдôǿУ㵽źġ
ؼźдòûС򳤱ı΢ҲûаԼ汲飬ЮͼıӣʮַʱݣĹˣÿ֮˶д֮˸߿֣ӡ
үʱ㳭ż㣬ȥ˼飬ȷûè֮󣬲Žȥﾰǣ޷
Ƿţү۵㣬ʱ㲻ͬڳӢͨƪͷԵĿ׻ֻСŵĸ֣䵽ʵؼ㡣
ŵ˼ܼ򵥣޷ʱΪͽеŵ
һ¡ȻҪΪѧ̴˵޷Ҫͷѧ̵˵ĸΪ淶Ϊʡ
šѧǳǿһ棬峣˵¶ἰ
ڹϣ޷˵׿ŵɻɲصĴƷ覴ãⱲӱ˵Ϊ壬󻹵ǵĿˮ
źŵֻᵽһΣˣȻǿʣҪЮĿʵ
ˣүӢ϶ˣ޷һҪõշ޷
ţʱҲϣ޷Լչ£Լ뿪
һգʱӵС˵Ĵ˵׿ԼڶŻ˵
˶֪ĸÿҪڶŻ˵ġ
ʱţ󣬱ȥ˶ŻĸÿÿյһĸТ߶߶ģܾ˵Ļ֪ɫ
׿Ͽ׼ȵڵʱ򣬲÷Ըд˶˷͹
ĸһסںլһסԺҪһԸֻڶŻˡ
ʱ㿴ĸ׷Ը׼ĲʽΪʢкüԼʱϲԵģ˾ơ
ʱĸףСԹⲻ겻ڵģĸ׽ôƲʲô
ôʽȻԼĸӵķĸʹǮġ
ԹԹʱϽԼǮͳݸĸס׿ϴҪƾܣʱѾȥ˼ΏӣСסһһӦʹûѣСӵķûҪǮĵطĸֻЩǮʹñǡ
ʱ㵱ĸἰԼȥΏӣԪͬס£Ϊĸ׻ʲô˵ʲô׿ûһ˿ӦֻĬĬǮ


20 
ʱ㳭
V桿
ĸǰֻ˵ݣס±ҪȥûдٲƲˡ֮˻ɢ֮ﶼˣճ
ĸʳӦʹϲûǮΪǲӣصס˱иָɣʹչռϷĵز
׿ϲ״֮ѹϵֵøٲҪ⻨ǮʹöˡôЩ껨׿ѾûǮˡˣʱŸĸǮ
׿ЦѮˡ˵׼ѵáţԺȥˣȳһٶǰء
꣬׿Ҳӣĸķ˰ᵽŻһһˣˡôˣҪ˾ƵģûǮ
˶ˣʱ㲻ö˵׿ϼЩϲĲʽ
׿ϸӺԼ˾ƣĸĬĬˣûʲôԺ
׿ʱ㵣壬ٺȡ׿ϱһһӣ˵ʮˣʮˡ
ȶٳЩҪ뷨Ӱĸ׽ӵߣϥ³лĸ׹ĳ⣬ٲܺլЩH
׿ЦããáḧŶӵ֣û㸸ȥֻǶ㡣ҲŶԵ㸸ףԵңٹ꣬ͿԼˡЩȲˡ
Щʱ㲻ֹһĸ߶ֻһδΰοĸףԺ󣬶Т˳ĸףĸٲˡ
׿ֵȥʮˣҶˣ֪ȥ㸸׺ʹʱǻϲϵҡ
ĸֶˡ׿Ҳǵһ˵ɥʱֿĸ׻Ѯʢ꣬պҪӵĸȥ֮ԣĸ붪¶Ӷ
һ䣬ʱ㿪ĸ׵ľУÿһʱŽ˵ʱ׿ϱЦţ˵ˡ
Ҳһ׿ʱ֣ſˣʱвơ
һٲˣʱԵе࣬Ҳ˸ľ㷹
˷׿ӲĨ֣ۣȰᡣ
󣬲׿Ŷ˵һŶӵ֣þòɿۿŶŸԿˣ׿ϲվ
ʱ㹧سĸһҾ׿ӣ򼸲ߵǰѹ˵ʮˣóȥѧˡ
ʱ㶸Ȼ۾ĸסܹ뿪뿪𣿲ı
ʱʲôӦĸ̽ģ±¶Լʵ뷨װľӿĸף˵
׿ƺûӵѹøͣлᣬȥݷðݷʹȻʼˣ˱˵ȥЩ˯Ҫҹˣ塣
ǰһ䣬һ䣬ߣʱ㲻⣬ϰԵعӦĸ˵ǣӽǡ
׿û˵͸תȥֻڳʱͷһ۶ӣƺˮ
ʱĸ׵ıӰƳԪСվűߣ΢壬ڳһ˳ƣ۾ȴת
ʱһʱɻѵĸ׹˵ҪܻСô֪ĸ׽ѧĻûбСȥӦûаɣ
ĸײվһߵΪʲôҪܻԪС͵
ĸ׶ѧʱȥݷ޷ԣûа޷ǰ£ĸף
ΪʲôҪĸףɲԲ²⣬ĸʵһ޳ûءλ
ȻĸûվӪȻҲܰиԪˣȻɲӣ£
ĸûгԼȻ̫϶ʱͷӿһůܣڹԮһ֧Լģ䣬ĸף
ֱ׿ѾߵòӰʱ㻹Żͨլķ򣬾þ
Ȼ²ĸײûгԼǾ֤Ļں²졭ǣĸѾԶˣת䣬ˡ
ǸСһԴߴٵүȥɣҪԿˡ
ȥ·ϣʱСүܣ̽Сû׿ǰ˵ʲôС룬˵û
죬Ԫ˼ż㣬ʱ㳭д
ʱһżݣһźд޷ģ˵Լĸ˲أ׿ϣܼ֮꣬ϵӣй֮⡣
ʱʱˣǰżĸףǻĸкãֻɫ㲣ôһӱ㲡ôˣصþҪйˣ
ԪʱȦһ죬żҪܣϽסʱ㣬ͣٵģǼٵģ޷ģС㣬ģܺլȥ̣ﲡǲˣСûҪġ
ﻹ没ˣòַļˣʱ֪׿ļ֢֮ÿÿʮһҩšҩҪţʱԱ⡣
Ԫļֻ˵纮˵Լҩɢɢͺˡ
ʱˣһĨŶͷ亹ˡţִΪرԹ˵ү˲صĻ̫ȱˡ
Ԫ֪ʱĸӲʱʱ棬˴˶ʮֵǣңԼȥ׿ϵΣϸϸʱ
ĩˣԪת̿ȥ˵úܣҴҺչ㡣
һ䣬ʱͷȻһĸԼиԪˡȻΪʲôҪԪչ
ĸ׵ûгԼûаԼиԪ⣬ֲʣץӷε֪𰸣ʱﷳƲ
ͷƣʱϲòѳЦݣϵʮ֣ص˵ҲլԽȥԺҪи㣬չˡ
ӳү˵Ǩŭĸףʱ͵ÿԪ棬е⣬Լĸ׿ܵ˺
ĸûгʣµΨһֱϵѪףж֮ǰܲΪĸ׶࿼һЩǰĸװ·ҲðŸչά
Ԫϲʱ㣬ʱ֣󣬺ǳֿرʾ̵Լҳһά
Ԫĥīʱ㳭ţ֮䣬üȥüĿ֡
ֱһ鲻Խһǲ
Ȼͬ·ˣʱԪı䵭Ԫĸ飬ֹѺֵܣ²ǿԼȥŬϲˣ˿
ټ޷ڿҲʱһ߽ϣֻҪûҪٸԪȥˡ
ˣһüȥԪͶ룬ʱȴίߡ
ǲʮ꣬ĵش޹ƭͷΣԪĸ
ɲͷôϻòԪͶϣ߳ܵĸоʱ㡭Ҹطһꡣ
ʱΪţһӶ͵£˭֪ţø۵ʱſ¡
ڳţԪҹȥ׼顣
֮󣬳Ӣҹź˳ȥȻû̵˶һ˵һҪǰһǰʹŲ޷̫Ŀʱ䡣
޷ֻյǰһţҽڣ˵ԼæҪʦвʱԼǰȥﾰǣܿ˸Ϲϵ
дһţҪΪ˰ڶˡ׿ϲأ۳Ͷ٣޷Ҫͽ̽ŵĹ¶ĸֻԼǰ
ԪǰһߣʱһȦ˿̬壬ü롣
ֻƣѹ֣һ˲䣬ʲô¶
ȻʱֻǰһŸоͷһ£һͷ㿴Цӯӯؿ
֪ΪʲôЦݣʱԼ飬ƺһѿڱôˣôϵĺûʹأ
ţʱһȥ룺Χأô죿
ʢģΪ죬СիŴ󿪣ΧµСһ̧ͷܿСիΡ
Цӯӯվ鷿ﲻʩʩȻʣʱһʮӣЩ׽ЦʣĪǣ±С׽飿
ʱ㻹ڲһʣ񱻴һ£յĿԼϵ֣ô˵׽ʲô飿м飿
ۣʱûƾճ֣˿ˣ㵱ȥˡ˭֪һǻ˼
һЦЦƺһůһе˵Цѣˡˣһ㲻Ȥ
ߡʱ㲻
ģ㣬Щˣҡ
ʱ㲻Ծһţ뵽һ⣺ǿ㣬ǿһ˶˵Ի
ЦˣǺǡ
ʱ㲻ֻЦ룬ȦΣ˱ǰװڶӡСǿ촽źϣҲΪڶ顣
ںƣʱʵ£
ʱ棬ȻһᣬܿʱӺ顣
жûôֱӴʱˣҲֻд˿̣Ÿ˱飬ʱ㿴ŸôĴʱ㡣
Ѿǲ嵱ʱתͶٴˣÿһʱòĵ׵ģ
ʵƤصĶֻҪΪﵽһľ磬ҪʲôƤûУ
ӦòƤңǰƤ£Ǿ߶ʱꡣͶһݣҲܸӦǲꡣ
峺󣬰ݣִšö꣬ö
꣬ͥҪʱʱش£裬̨֮
Ѱǧǧ磬Сǧ磬ҵʱҪɢꡣ
Ϊ˽ָֻ֮꣬벻òһδΰͶֻأػꡣ
ңָ꣬ɴ峺ɳɲɰݣɱִšöò
̣һΣȥ꣬վ·»صͥ
ǳʱ̨ħսĨйʱļ費꣬©ٳ
ͬһʱڵǣѲˣʱ㡹ĺ˻ĵ֣ҲµĳС
ʱСɷûһɰͬʱϵ
ֻΪʱ꾡ָ붯ýӡǰµļ䡣ΪԽ֪ʶûûΣԽָ
ˣʱСɷ磬û׽ݻԼǰ£ͥʱС˵ֻһȫµ磬ػعʵء
ʱСɺɶԵʹϣͨһδεͶ̥٣׽٣ʱϵķӡЩĨ˺ǰ¡
ͥǷʱһǷࡣ
Լ˼ʱûĻشʣι˵£˵ţͷ̽㿴صԼ
ǰʱԪϿ⸱̬ʱ֪⣬ʱѿϣһӶԼ㵹ʱֱӰϵᣬҵϣ
ϰһң벢գֻݻظʱ㣬һɫ˵⼸죬ҿ䣬ǲԪ㲻ˣ
л˵
Сʹǣлǵһ·飬ǵ֧֣Ķ
Ĵһ¿ʼVϣСʹǲ벻ŬոСʹǵĺ
֧죬֧棬лң

һдԡŮ۵ĺ󹬣Ů𣩡İ£ϲѿԤգллҡ
ȵگλڴһλϵѪʮŮ䡣
ǻ֮󣬴ȵּΪŮ۾д飬һһͬʱ󹬡
ٹճʮݣĲɷ񣬱ȵȷΪʷ
ĵӣʮһݣ书˵ã¹ȵȷΪ
䣺Ů¶Ůһ޼Ҫ̸ܻٳ
󳼣󹬲һʷһҪҪͼƽ̾ȥʵʵ
þŮĺ⽭ɽۼҵˣ
ڹʵۣµӺ͹ȥףϣҹʦ̴ˣ
Ůӽǡ
̫ϴޣ޲Ҫ󹬣ﶼǲǻҪޣ˾ѽ
ӽǡ
ԸΪɱ飬Ϊ㱳ֻԸܻסĵһ˿ʹѪδ䣬ĻӲܸܵһá
˵1Ů𣬼ܿʵ磬Ůӡ21vs13޴Խ޽ָ


21 
һԵ
һԵ
˲, Ϊãˣʱûһ飬ǰ, ס̽Ŀ, ͵ҸԪʲô£
ȻûϲԪ, Ѿˣ, ֵܺͰ֮ദ֮ǲһġ
Ѻֵദ, ߶, ֻа֮, ޼䡣
һ仰, ֱǲԪԼ, ͳѵĳ߶ȡν費ףʲôʸԼԪ֮£
ʱͷʣѩͨ͸, , ŷӦ, žԼʵͻˡ
⼸죬ӦʱԽԽ, ųοο, ⿪⡣
վĽǶȣػʱ꣬ʱֻ, ڸǧСǧת, ʱ׽, ʲô˵ã
ȴ룬վʱĽǶȣԼܹż棬ȻΪ֪ױȲϸԪʮ÷һ𳤴֡һΣ뾹ԪɾЩۣʱ޽ʮ÷֮ԵˣΪʲô
񵽵ΪܿѸðͷѹȥ򷨹ڣԵһ֣ûԵΪû
뿪ʼʡԼػʱ꣬Ϊʲôʲôû£
һգ˼һꡣǵһͥǿŹ˰ٰʮ죬ݣݵǲΪ⡣
ˣػʱ㣬ػֻʱꡣ
ƤңǸ߸ϵظʱ㣬ֻҪΣ꣬Ӳ֡
ΣʱͶһûݣ̤гԣɹܣ𣬱ճɻҡ
ʱ㣬ԶԹ޻ڣӵһûõ
ԶԹֻۣΪӦʱ꣬ЩǿϲȴûҪΪʱڷ絲ꡣ
һֱʱϺ쳾﷭ȴûһθʱһתͶ赽ʱ֮С
꣬״ʱõ˲䣿״˸ʱصĶԵ
ǰպʱζԵʹʱʱԼЦʱ뿪ʼ룺ǲĸ½ˣظʱĳﹲһ
뵽оԼԵµ
ʱ˰죬û˵ְѵǰƿһտҲתͷһȦիԼеڶˣ
벻һ뿪ˣʱ㲻룺ǲԼ룬ˣ
漴ʱԺԼԪ˵ֲ룺ΪԪˣҪܿİɣ벻ôΪһ;˰ɣ
ʱ߳իֻԪѾѣһߣһ£һ߷ԸС˿ˮþӼ
ʱիţҲȥңõʵүҳţô˵ͳȥˣ
Ԫʮָ˵˵ţҵѾ߳ȥˡϹͿ˼Сīӣҵ˵ˣ˵ĵġ
һдддʫʣҪݸ壬󲿷ʱ򲢲һӶܻͣЩ޸ģⲻͿڡͨҪд֮ܳһ顣
ǰһţʱ㳭øɸɾʾƽ飬һţȴһСīӣֱֳʱ㽹
ʱͨīӣѡԼǣĸײ飬ĽĲɫشݸ޷
ӢҲīż㣬ȡ޷ˣųʱ㳭ʱġ
ʱ㳭ţȷʵġģ˼
һʱ޷ڿôԼ뿪ڻ᲻˺޷δ£ʱ˲Ϲǡ
żīӣүԼѾӪΪ룬ͬͬµԴȡųӢ
ȻӢΪīӾʱ㣬ʱϣͨƵС£ȡţܻүɶԼĽ䱸
ϸھɰܡ
ԪתүĵĻʱĺܸˡ
ĵĸˣԶ϶ĸˣиȾԪԸȾʱҲֻһˣȴʱ㣬ӣ˺һ󣬷˯ȥ
磬ʱԪϴˣԷ˵ЦŵĴţŻŴ˽еүǱ߽˴˵˹ˣ
ʲôʱһʱûӦӺһըˣˣ
˵ֻСô͹ˣһ˲䣬ʱ죬ܵصţСǲҴߣû˯ѣΣ
ԪţҲסȥ׿ϣŲ׿ϵľ񻹺ã׿Լ˵ֻǸ˷纮С£ôôȥˣ
ʱжТ˳ĸףԪˣجģԪͷһºܻţϽѵ˵ֻСôᡭȥģ
ſʱһŵصԼϽȥסʱ㣬͵£СĸҺ˵ǺԺĻСӲţԻʡ׿˵ĻʱϽȥĸһ档
ʱȻ͵ƿţһ˳ȥԪæظ׷˳ȥеС㣬㣬ȵҡ
ʵԪҲ֪ʲôǰ״ֻʱ˵˵ʱ֪ǹµһˣ߻ϣֵܷһʱıʹ
һСˣʱ㻹ʹһءʱôĸ׹ʱĳʲôӣԪ
ֻͷǻҳأⱲӣδֻ޲ܴʱ㣬ȥܼıˡ
Ԫ׷ʱһ·ܽլܵ׿סĺլԺʱѾΧ˲͸ӣææµµزã׿֣ǵͷ£Ȼ򣬲ҽͷҷ֮
˺ܸ׿ϵʬѾʰ׵ͣ鴲ϡ
һϮɫ޶ԵЩ¾ɵ·ԵøЩϵʮֲģͷϣϱķʽֻͷ̫٣Ӳϱķʽǻ׷ɫԵЩϣټױҲϱӵױݣһŲϣϱױݣԵùЦ
ʱ֪ĸʮǰŸԼʱ·ұѣĸױûдɫ·ĸ׺ϧӲҴ·ó˼ˡ
ڣĸҪȥϼžˣҪȥ׺ʹˣˣ˴ӲҴ·뿪ʱķʽ뿪ʱױݣҪɷͶŮǣʱϵ
ʵѾͣʮǰʮֻ꣬Ϊ˰С󣬽ˣˡ
Ԫǣʱ㲢û˵ʬϺޣǹ鴲ߣŲ׿ѾЩӲ֣һ䱦Ħ֡
ԪϽ߹ȥ˳ƹʱߣСС㣬ĪţѹͿ޳޳ͺˡ
⻰Ȼûʲôãʱܵһ˿ػůûԪ鴲ͷһλ͸ʵĸ׼ʱȥģ
ϴʬ£ͷױҭʱ䣬ȻˣΪʲôڲŸţĸ׵һ涼ûмţ
Ǹ͸׿˵Ѿͷ£˹͸׿˫歳ǰ˴˶ʶ
ұѣ׿ֻס׿˼ôźӣְѴˣûź򣬱͸һСѾһʹӣ׿ʹ
͸Ҳ飬̵û㾡ģЩ̰ƣŲ׿ϲӣŷӱȲ׿϶Ǯ
͸ʣʱʱ㻰˼صūǲʱү֪ʵǷ˹ͻȻ
ϸϸ˵
͸ص˯ǰҩö˶˵ġūճδ˷ϴūֻ˲˯ûȥУȥ˽÷õҩū澰ҩȥ˷ʱŷַ˾ûϢū澸ϽǷˣǷ˴򣬴ˣ˵˵ȥˡ
ôأʱ㼱Ҳ˵ĸ׻úõģô˯һȥˣ
Ԫһʵ˵ǲʲô˸ǺôɥĲ񣬱Ӻڲˣ⻰ʱҲʣֻʣԪһӱʳˡ
͸һŵñɫϽԪͷ޵СɲԩˣūҲǸˣһ򱾷㣬ū澻׿Ҿˣ̲ˣûвĵģı֮⣿ء˰ҪūȻūֻһ֤ס
׿Ѿע⵽ߵˣϽԪ߳ٺ˵
Ԫô˵ˣȻö˶˵ģ˹ӺôȻȥˣ
ʱͷҲôţүдһĸײأйµ͸޷ĸ׺ö˶˵ıˣܲɣĸ׵Ĳүһֲ߻ģĿҪʹ޷ǰ޿С
Ȼ⻳ɣʱûʳԪˬֱȫʳˡ
죡׿߳һߴȥݵǰ˵˵ԪҪ˵׿˽ߵ֣ǿд˳ȥ
ţ׿Ǹ͸ҿģҪ룬Ϊˣҹ㣬úͲһ̡


22 
ʱ㺿һɥ
ʱ㺿һɥ
׿ʱ߹, һֽǮһ߿ȰʹȾ˷纮, ʹ֢֮ϲ, ҹûڸǰ̣һûͦ, ȥˡ㲻Ҫĺ˵˵ƫˣûǻ¡
ϱ, ׿ϱ, һ, ȥȻ, ȴ, ʹ֢֮, ʱ
ʱĸ׵֪Ϊļĸײ˥ϵô졣
ʱ㲻ʵʣﲻҩôѵûԣļʱӦҩ, ׿ƽšʱҲʮŽҩ, ĸҪ
ҹ䷢, ûˣûüҩ˵, ͽ, ɲˡ׿ڽͲ׿ɵ㣬̬ȴģʱһο֮ﶼûС
ʱֻ˫Ų׿ԽԽӲ, б, ׿˻, ȴûһᣬһľȻ壬ʵôױ
ĸԣױĸԣ˵ĸʱˣˣ֣
룬׿˸Ǹ͸ͬ˵׿ϸճʱα˼ϣԼܹžʱ·žʱķʽžʱױݣص𴨣ֻһݣչ᷵Լķҡ
ĸ׾أֹһˣ˺ԣҪصȥ
ʱȻ֮䣬˹ĸףԼȡһĻᣡ
ֻʱ㻹Щ̫ȷ͵͵͸ǰ˯ÿɺã
͸һ£Ŵϲ£϶ū̵ģū澲֪ǰһ˯Ρū澿հ죬ЩãɫҲ̫ãȦе㸡ף˯òãЪˡ
ʱЩʱͷѩĸΪҪͳȻĸ׸ͬ۳
ĸ׳ҳ׿ϣ֪ˣ֮һĶԼϣȻӺլȴɫعעԼĶ
ܴµһЩ˿켣У֪΢Ʋͼıĸ׵ȻҲܡ
ĸ֪ļֺĸȻסûðȻͷʲôûбʾ
ͷ룬ϴĸʱֻĸʱѾ־ĬĬظһθԷһݣһӵһָߵ·ȥͶˣ뿪֮ʱػͷ
ʱ򣬻ţĸǲǳ
ܣʱĸױճõҩͣˣȻ˷纮
ǰ죬ԪȥĸףĸץסᣬԪչԼ
ȻĸԪչˡԼֻϵ˼ĸΪһġ
Ԫתץĸ׳Լʵ֤ͷ˱ί
ĸװԼиԪչˣĶˣǰϣһ£ܿһ
ûļˣ͸ĸ׾񲻼ãɫȦסţҹٴλ£ļ
Ҳĸ׿ԾԼģⲻҩ裬ͷĽʹŶԶӵĴȰ֧֣
ĸ֪Ӳ˽ĸףҲɣ
ĸҪžʱѣؽ𴨵ԣΪ󣬾ҲΥߵԸʮǰµ۲ջؾ۵ּһ
ĸƴһȡᣬһҪס
ʱλã˶׿ǰͷֶ̣Ҫѻ硣
׿ʱ㣬ø̸֮˵
ʱڵϣֶһδ̷ĸΪТĸʣֶҪͼĸһ̣Ϊӣ
׿Ҫط𴨣ֻӷѻһ;ʱ㺦Լѻ磬ĸײǰˣ
ʱȸԼϲТѧ˵ǼصűʾԷѣûٹ
һ棬дգЮ
׿˳Ĭ꣬ŵⷬТģȥת̸ԻȰҪ㾡ТĲźá
׿˸׿ýã֮󣬸ҡӷҽǶ㣬𴨲ϸ׾ϵʮԶ֮ڡ
ˣŮǲҪ׿Ϸɥ飬ǰʱؾһЩ
ʵ׿ϵɥǺ壬ӼҲʶĺլˡ
Եģ׿˰ŵˣſɥ飬ɥǿȥ档
׿˸׿ϵڼʱϳ׿˫正á
׿˼޽ã㱻Ǩ˺ݣһ˶֪ʵɵǰƽ֮һɢУ׿ҡ
׿˸оԼ˼ӣʧȥ˼ıӻʧڰӶǳ谮أǵˡ
ݡˣֻдǰͣο֮˼дţǰ͵ģֻԶ޽𴨲ϵá
ұ֮׿˶Բ׿ĸһֱΪչˣӦ׿ϵһӦ֮⣬Լ߿ɿǰȥź
һ˵ģ˴οδڼʱá
Բʱֶ׿Ҳһϲչţ
ǣԪΪʱܣ˶ʱ㳬ֵ֮ϲʱ׿˶ʱĹ۸һǧɣȵס
ߵǣɷ򻹽ֹԶӵĲָ֮Ԥ˵ǵ£˲Ҫ֡
Ұ㵱׶ӣȴҵ׶·
׿˲ΥɷֻòϿŶӸʱ֣һǻߣԾתƵĸϡ⼸£Բĸӵ̬䵭
׿Ϲ׿ǽһŲ׿ϵ֮£Ǿľ޲׵Բʱ㣬ȴûʲô
ӦȰ˵ɷʱѻ磬ԼС̣ʱԶ˶ӣԶҪٻҪǶӣĶӾͿˡ
ƣ׿ҪΪѳ÷˼֮ɥԪǲøѳ̷ɥģȴ֪һն˥ɥϡ
ԪҪʱһһģʱĸףĸףҪΪ׿ϷɥТ
ǰ죬ʱŵҪúչ˲׿ϡ£ʱϿǵĹϵǷǳҪһ¡
ûüڲ׿ǰһģ׿ϱˡЭĸףɥ֮⣬ɥΪ׿Ͼĵᡣ
׿Ϲ׿æǰæ󣬰źӵɥ£񣬿ʱȥ׿ǰһ㣬ռֽǮٻȥϢ
룬һã׿ĿһɨȻӴһն˥ʱ㲢Źǰ
׿һˣȥӣһߣѹʣ˭㴩
ֻ˸ô·룬ȴӻصڸ̷ɥ
ɥʲôɥֻʱҪΪ׿Ϸɥ಻֮ڡ
ƣΪ˹ášն˥
ӾȻҪ׿Ϸն˥Ϊ˹áһܣأԸ
׿˺뼸ƺݺ˦ȥԼɵӣֻݺͽʧ֮٣ָ׶
ǰҲһǰӣҧҳлͬ˵
׿˱ѶӴؾӺѵһ룬Ԫʱȫװʱ㣬Խʱ㱯֮ʱԽҪʱߣʱĺ֧ܺš
ʱʲôɵϸ׿Զĸ
ɥˣ׿߳ʸ̷ɥҪͷ̣
ûи׿̸ҶӵĲ֮飬ԼӦòԸӷ֮顣ϾʱǲѪ׿ϵȻϣȢӣΪҴڽӴ֦ɢҶ
ԪȴΪõ̵׿иѾϿͬʱĹϵΪ̷ɥԱТġͬʱҲҪͨɥǣȷϲʱĹϵ
ĸִүӢĴС񣬳ǰݼ㡣
ԴӸŸѧϰ֮Ԫھ֮࣬˾η׵Ͻؾصش
׿ǰһɷǰ㿴ġ
Ӣɨһ۶ӣ˵Ҹҽȥаݼ㣬Ϊ󡣡ģϲŭ
Ӣǰ㣬ʱǰʱһ䣺ؽ𴨣
ǡֶֻһТĿɾˣүȫʱ׿˸ǰдգڳӢǰֻʾ
Ӣÿɷֻһ䣺˰չҪһģڰ˳ɡ
ϣӢûһĻԴŷ˶ת뿪
ãӢ׿ȥ£תͷԪ
ԪΪֻҪһ˵룬׾Լ鷿
ˣĸغŴԪܵ׵࣬ʣкҪ˵
Ӣûд𻰣ǳþõسĬš
鷿ɱգԪľ׵ȵñֱðˮ֮ʱӢشżζʵ̷ն˥㵹ǻТ֪ˣøҷʲôɥ


23 
Ԫһ
Ԫһ
Ӣ˵ü, ŵԪһ±ȥͷŵز˵
Ҹĸ׽а, Ҫ, Ϊŷն˥ڸǰȴû
, Ӣʵն˥Ҫ, ǲʱ
׵ƽ, ĸŭ, ȫת, ԪͷԶ, Сص, ȻͬСһȻΪĸ׷ɥТԾǡ
˵˵ͬʱһ, ׺õʲô̶ȣӢ΢΢, ѶӴӵ, ָָԱߵӣ˵
׾ȻԼͬСĸʲô˼
游ѧϰ, ԪԸ׵ʶԽԽ, Ǹ侲ǵýˡ
项Ԫøûи飬ǡǡ෴Ԫøһ൱ϸˡ
ֻ, ͼ־֮ʱ, еĸ鶼ÿվҪѡʱ, ȱġ
ˣԴ̬ȣҲǹġ
Щ֪ԪøĹԼĸ飬һ仰⡣뵽СΪԼߡ
ˣԪ֪֨֨λشͷһǺ
ӢŶɫ仯ųЦӣϲϲýˡ
Ԫܵϣûҿڴϸ׵Ļ˵ĸƤǲʱµĺã˵ʱû㵱£˼Ҿ͸ˡ
ģԪ˲ֱӿڷСҺأû̽üˣһһάҵģ㿴ǽдţдˣţҲˡ㻹޹˵ʱģ˵ϲңʲô¶Ϊġ
ѻؽ𴨣˵һ뿪գʹһȥˡʱѻ֮󣬻᲻ǳӢעص㡣
Ԫһ¼鼱֮£ֱ֣ģСһأһСôϲˣȣҲһ
Լ˵һʱĲǣӱ㼱ۣίƵģӢͷΪм֪ԼľˣʱѾǶӵˣɱڳӢͷ
ӢĻԲʱ֣಻Ὣʵ֪ӣøӼ϶ҵ˲ʱ㣬Ѱֳ֮ȥֲöɣϲߡ
ӢһҪȥʱ㣬һԷġʱȣΪ˶ӣȻõġˣųȥ֮󣬱Ҫյû򣬾Ͳܷųȥ
ӢѶӵĲյݵԪֱߣΪʣ㼱õģȿڲ裬˳˳
ȶƽϢһ˵Ȼ˵ʱҲϲģΪһأѻ磬ȫТġҪòǱ֪ӲŲòʱѻ磬һТģǾͲøŵӽˡ
Ԫ½ˣʱ׹׽ԼԼСĸ̶ȣҪòСѻ¡˿һҾСл
ƽԼ̵˶Ӷ£ûӶԼаָжΪһ殳裬ԼжӢܿö⸱ûͷûԵӣûյȲ衣
ȶӣӢŵʱѻ磬һȥҪТӣԱʱһѻȥ
Сһؽ𴨣ҿ뿪𣿵Ŀ𣿡Ԫ־ϲû뿪ء
ˣﲻ뿴ͷ羰أϧСӣ֪ûһܣһϢ롣
벻׻ʱһѻ磬ȥδȥĵطһ·ͬںݵɽɽˮˮ
ߣܸԼϲˣˮǧɽһ·ͬУȻǷѻֱ˵£ҲԪогصۡ
ŶӵϲɫӢﰵ̾˿̫ˣס
ﰵ̾ȴɫЦǿԣҵİţʱСˣݣȥĻһ·ϣȥٻأǧ򲻿ɱ¶ݡ
ģҿ϶װСˣκ˷֡
ԪȻʮһСӵݱҴּ⣬ʹȥˣһǣˣһ·һСԲܱ¶ݡ
ӢַڶӼͷذ˰¹شһҪѲʱ
ģȰ̵°ˣǵȻҪġԪشǡǡУѾԼСΪɷһ塣
ԪȻϼһЩԶףʱһϵã̸ϸ飬׿֮󣬵ȻҪһ𳤴ĵط
Ӣվⲽ鷿ĳ䣬¶˾һ㣬һݸԪ
ԪһһѴǾµĴСذס׼Сذװ--һ㱻ӢסֹˣҪΣзúܣĨ˾綾ԪûаĨо綾ģǵһذţЩء
Ӣݵذףߣʶݣϣû˵꣬Ԫˣ֣صصͷģӶϲذϵĶѪӿʬãֻҪ޶֤˵ǡ
ӢֵУʱ㲻ϸ·ʲôľٶ͡ذס
ԴˣԪԵúɣˣС϶һġ
˵£Ӣְѻ˻ȥͰɥˣ̴ն˥ʲô
ԪϽ˵ҪΪ̾Т
ӢֻÿģԶ֮壬֮ҪТͿԲ棿ȥ˳Цͷһʱ㣬涼Ҫ
Ԫ˹ִƥҪ̾ТС⡣
ӢûôִֹǹǵӼӲʱԶУ޲óһ٣ԽӼᶨҪȥʱ뷨
󣬳Ӣֵû취ֻṇ̃ͨεն˥֮㲻ھȪ֮²ɣͷ飬ּѰطţδ㣬ɥТభ
Ϊֻ飿ȻҪط洩ɥΪβԴն˥
ն˥ޣѵǲʱ/H/˶ӣӲҪ
һ뵽ֿܣӢԶǻŭ䲻˶ͯͱɱͯ棿ˣµأΪٰ֮ά
ɵӰɵӣ
ʱãҪ֮
ǸףӢҲϸʶӵĴ£ͷŭƽ޲˵ϣΪ֮ĸ£ΪҪТ񣬱㹻ˡ
׶һԪټն˥ֻҪܾɥТá
ȶ˳ȥˣӢԽԽߺޣ˳ץֱߵĲյ޺˳ȥҵ˲ʱһ㡣ǲˮĽӣǻʶҵԴѪĽӡ
Ӣ˺һŽˣԸȥү¡Ǹհ鷿ƬʰɾӢظˡ
ʱʢģƽﴩװŲðԪ洩˼Т£ּطʱߣʱȵͷ󺹡
ʱѾԪ֪ˣүѻ£ͷ󶨡ԪȵôܣͷЩ̣غЪŰɣ
̹Ԫǰݼ֮󣬱ԻؼΏӣᱡľӼС˴ȣյؿ飬ĥġ
Ԫ԰ǿطʱ¶飬˵ҪɥأȥЪţ
Т˵һ˵£ԪǳĵҪΪ׿Ϸɥ飬ʱһ𣬹ͬˣܵȣ㺹ʲôһ̣Ԫǰֶġ
ϲһˣΪһ£ÿ࣬С
ʱ㣺
һѪ֮ʱôһˣߣͬʹ࣬ĭôʱͷж
ֻϧǲһ·ˡʱְοԼչ黹ֵܡ
һʱѲ׿ϵѶ˳ȥ¶Ϊŵǰ׼
Ȼͣ죬ûһŵǰ졣
Ӣյڷﾰǰ׮Ϣ˵޷յʱźͲ׿ϵѶ󣬲ûʲôӦ糣ص£׼ǰ
յϢӢʧģһ׿һˡڲʱ㻹ϣ¹޷
Ȼ޷ʱһֱҪ·һæµ֮ͣʱ㷽ŴšСˡ·
ȵ£ɽԶˮңطѻ磬㲻ѰÿӴݵסЪޡ
·ʬ帯ˣǶߵĴ󲻾˵ֶ룬ҹ̵ظ·
׿ѾǵЩ㹻ֺ·Ϣһ·ϣ˴Է׼ס꣬Ϣȫڳϡ
ʱТӣТӵҪǻߣǲܳµġ
ˣӢԪ˴еܣһ˵İŵȡţҲһʵĻᡣ
ԪϾûй¾飬Сӣ/Уܶ²Գ档
ԣӢһģĹܼҴЭݹ̲ˣλܼҳ潻档
ֱ·ʱԷЩ뿪˺ݣ뿪˰
ƴŰͳֻǿʼҪĿƣڲ˺ǰ£ֹ£ԵΪƴȴһ


24 
뽲һ
뽲һÿ
ʱͣЪϢԷĿ϶, ۿ˿˶ʮ˻ͣЩ˶˵Ķ, , ͨˡ
һ׳, Բʱ², Щ˶Ǵﾫʿɡ
˵, үǲĲԼ, Լˡ
һ·ɽԶˮң, ĸ֮ǰ, κж, ܡ֮ôʮ׳ĿƣһǶ¡
һ·ԶȰ尾, 㾫, Ϣʱ, ͵Ϣ
ƣ˯һ£˯˯, ȴһ, ʱڳϣƵأһͷһͷת, ҳһ, ôҲ˯š
λڳ֮ǰ, ͼԪǰ𴨵·ߡ
ŴӺÿߵ桾١·¹ٸ飬ˣ󲿷·ѡ˱Ƚƽ̹Ĺٵ
ٵôƽ̹Ҳǵģټûûҹĸ·ѳγԶţ꣬ߵ߻أ಻ԣֻͷԵ̱ڳ˵
ԪΪ˶ܵ߳ȥ˰ǱߵȫǼܶҪɢˣѴڲĥѪֻ̱ڳߺ
·죬ͷԽʱ·̣ĸ׵Ĺľֱ·ٶȣҪʮߵ𴨡èˣͷɹһ±ḯãʱ㶼ڹײʲôӣ
ʱڳȻһ벻Ƕ𣿲ܿˣƺԸְԸҪĸˡ
ʱ̾˿оϺ봦ӿһʹֻʹһ¡ʹһţʱ뺰ʱ㡭
ʱʶسԪȥȴԪѾڳװϣ˯óġ
Ԫջ/Թأôת۾˯ȥˣ
ĪԪʩչʲôʱתͷ룺ôˣ
΢΢һЦϷʵڽ㣬ȴȥĪײҵļ飿
ʱദʱ⣬˴ҲЦ֡ʱʱھĸɥڹµС
ĸˣʱĺ壬һϤɤԼЦʱֻУõ飬һ˿ɿ졣û̫˵ʲô
룬ʱ㴿εţЩмܲסԼʱʱЦЩû٣ʤ֮䣬͵ʱУú˯һаˡ
봩һ೤ۣڳխĿռȴڿĿҰУƮݳ
ʮȻʱߣЦѵã㻹ҡЦůֻǻ˼ĪЩɬ
ʱǳʵؽ͵Ҳ㣬ķ
嵶ı¡һֱʱСɵĿұ죬һֺõ
붨̶ֳȵĲ嵶ֻ棬ΪãǳЦţҵķ˵ɣҰʲô£
ʱԼĸ壬ʩĸ׵ʬ֮ǰźá
ĩˣʱҾô뷨ҪǾԼΪǳʲô˼ɣ˵ǣǿ󡣡ûѡΪǳ͡ʩΪڶҪͳ滰
⻰˼Ц뽫ǼôС£Ҫˣӣ
˵˶ˣʬ帯޹ؽҪֵöӹעʱ˵ĸϵΨһˡ
ۻŻˣĸ׵˵ʮҪȻֵˣۡ
ûҪЩʱֻһֻۣ˵𲻴Ӧܲߣ벻
Цţһ۷˫ڳϣֻ̫խţоҡҡ׹ʱ㵣Ҫˤ֮ʱ۷ɣƮƮذ˼ƣˣˡ
ʲôˣʱʳŷӦе㲻ŵ£ʩˣ
ǰ
֪ײʩҪȷλģֱȻ¾ʩˣ²ʩ˸ٷʱǳŪԼԼܿײ鿴Ū顣
͵ЩҪڹײǰȻȻȥҪаѪһȥļһǹŪ飬Ƶƭӡ
ûվֱ壬ʱֱͦŬֳȻʱ㿴ַǿ֮ʿĶɡҪŪЩ飿ţɿײ飬ұ֤ĸ˯һ
֪ôģʱǿĸ֣һ̵ֱƢȻ˼·Ȼ֣һץס½קԼǰ
룬һקûקȻʱʱ˼·ŷӦչͷȥ룬˼ųˣѹʵϴμ桭ϴΡҷǴΣ˵տʼ΢ǣŹ˶ãͷǿˣ˹ƨɵǰɣ
ҪϳְܣҪĸŻһܵĻ᣿
ǣûаܵ񣬿ôһԱĸĻᣬȴûץסβʱƽûǨŭ
һΪ֪ϹۣûʱԹȴдʲĸʱβԹޣ
Ƕôͨ͸ѽʱȻʧأԼ쭣ܿµԵɡ
Цʱץ½֣Լ£ʵңӺĸףҪҪĸ׻
ֻһ仰ȼʱǻеϣѿڶҪȻҪ
ԾţȻʱ㼸ЩȲߴٵʩʩ
Цʱ㣬˵йѭۡôôģ
ѽ˭㽲
ûаӳӺĸסûûаӳĸ֮ʲôȻϵСûȻĸףЩĸ֮Ѿᷢʲôı䡭
ѽ˭ͷ
˲ܲˣֻҪ㲻֪֮ĺ
ѽ
Ҫĸףͱ붯÷ıΪĸ֮ɵĸѾһѮѾ˺ܶȻĸףƱػΧң󣬿»ᵼıʱڵⷽأڡȷҪĺ
ʱĸУΣǲѣֻǾȸ˰ˣ˵ôأ綼ҪŻСӰɣ
Ŀ͵ؿʱ㣬΢Цţһֹ˵ţԡԹˣ֪ǲŻ㡣
ǵãںܾúܾǰʱɹôһΡʱʱͥ񣬶δ
ʱʱԪԡĨζʱʱһģһ
ʱ㲻Ϣһֲͣ뵽Żģһʱ֮䣬¾ϣ㶵ؿ롣
뿴ʱήȥ˵˵ˣѭۣܶʱ򣬲ǲʵǲܡ
侲֮ʱˣίظͲԭ
˵ô֣أȫڿЦʱȻ븴ĸףȴҲֻܽ˵û벻ƭ
ͬʱʱҲ֪ȰĸˣҪ֮ʱҲָˡ
ͷʱ㳤̾˿㲻ң̹ɣαʺҡ
ͷһϣʱôһˣվһߵģ֧ġ
Ǻƽһ仰֪ôģʱо˵ͷһůֻϻһ䣺Ȼʲôˣܸʲô
̧߻˯ڳװϵԪҲ۸㡣
Լ㱻Ԫǿˣʱ뻹Ǹмģ֪ͷ׽˼֡
;£˵ǹˣڹϵ׽ʱ룬Ϊʲô벻ǰˡ
ֻûʱʱ˵˵Լǰ¡
ǰЦЦܾúܾǰͥ񣬷ޱߣΪˣ㵽ڵĴǧ磬ұʶ㡣
ѽȻϵɣޱߣΪʲôܴң˵˭
ӦùעôʶΪʲôʱĹעȴ˭Ȼʹʶ״̬£ʱǵĳʶĮĵġ
ЩԳһЦǸ¾ͳˣ켸ҹ˵ꡣ
£˵ʵʱûĻ棬ֻһ񻰹¡
ǿֵһˡ
˵ʶžǴˣмأʱ㿴ӣ֪м䲿ֲǹʵһΣȻʵм̸ʡˣ⻹ëѽ
ʱ²ۣʲôԣʵǡֵһˡôǵˣԡֵһˡԲĽ֡
ƺ£һ񣬲ŵϣɣħħأ𡭡
ʱ£⴫һڳסµүǰ·
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25 
ʱлһ··
ʱлһ··
ʮ,ķѶ飬ҹ̵شݹڹٵ, ȻٹٸĹע, ·ʣһ㲻ϡ档
ٸ·, ˵һԪʶ֮, 涼г
´ʱ·, ضѰ·ʱ֪, ºǡү, ʵС
ʱϽȥ, ֻһգ۵Ĺ, ѾڳƾʧͬʱԪǴγһ㣬ӳװ, һ¶ؿʱ㣺ôˣ
±·, һ顣
, ԪϣǺ·̲顣һ·, ѧúܿ, ֪¼Ȼ
·֮, زѰ, û㿪д򷢡
ʱڳװϵı
·˲Ҫ̲ʲô, Ǵ˵Ҫ·
ֻ󣬻¸صߣܵõ·ְ١
·˭ңԪЩŵʡ
»صǴ˵ةвȺ˵ǰܹүӵĽ̻Ͷݣ׹Ѵ¾ǰ·һԱ⡣
ɣ޿ޡ
Ԫʵ˼֣ݣǸռةô֪ݵģüּݣÿ·Բ¹ٸ顣
֮ҪüּݣΪʱȻûеõ⣬ȵ۵ĳնʥּʱǱᱻٸ׽ռ࣬ʥ֮ն
һ㣬ҲǳӢҷŲʱԭ֮һ뿪û˰ıӻʱǸӷһݱҴնͷ֮ģģֻܻǲʱһԴ
·죬ô㱻ٸ鵽ݣة·˷ˣ·ڣǲźץˡ
Ԫʱ㣬ֻʱɫ΢΢԰ףֱͦؽš
һǻѪ£ֻûĸᣬûֹı棬ûĸʦδģ
Ԫи׽̵Ѿܹˡʱȴ˽̵ͻϢһⶼûУһ飬ֻ룺ˣ黹ûʼ죬ҾҪˡ
Ԫ룬ʵλ̴ˣĹٷ
ǣǱ
أ
ǱһɫűҪǹ¹ӣƺתء˵ͷҲһЩϣҪţȥ̽̽
Ԫͷλ̴˵ϴˣǲղ׿Ҫţǵø飬ǵķӦ
ǰȥ棬ԪַԸݳĸ³֧ȥǵ˶׼Ҫʱܡ
ʱ˳Ĺô죿
ģǲûʮ֮ƾ游ٸ׿ףðߡߣٲǲѹѶ·ߣβܵġͨ͵ׯʱͣţȸһأʵ޼Ҿ죬ȥ
ǰȥôһʱ䣬Ԫʱ㶼оһ尾뿪ıӻ֮󣬵һζһ档
ʱ»˵̴Թˣ˵˵ľ׿˵׼·׿ġ
ةȻ˳ǵŸĿҪ·׿Ǻ⣿
ԪҪԣ˵֮ˣ׿ףλ̴ô˵
ʱ»˵̴˵ˣߣʲôˣܹ׿׾졣Ǿǽ·׾죬׿ĳ羴Ͱ̴ǿˣֻ·⡣
˵ԼĹ۲죺ҿ̴˴Ȼ٣жʮųûùǹһʱģٸĲǶˡ
ةǴѧǰ·ԱԲľͰ
ԳʲôةʲôȻʱݣҲû׷Ҿ֮⣬˫֪ɡ
ةѾֳ㹻ĳ⣬Ԫƴǣȥ׼һӦƷ·ͬʱֽиǶʱ׼·
ʱһţ׹λ̴֮·ԲǱŲ׿ģһѹѸûôӣ˼ǳŲġ
Ϊû뵽·ȫû׼ʱüľ˸ҡҡ׹Ĺ¯ƷؾƵϯƴ˴գܲ
ȺһȺѧӣվڵ·м䣬æҵشڼƷ̵ϯɫĬ£Ե÷ǳԣûһ˿һЦ˼
ѹںãִ¾λԪʱڹ󷽣ТӾλ֮󣬲ȺһȺˣȻзֿһˣȺ֮УߵλϣҾѧ޷׿ϡ
һԱͷ˶ˡ
޷ѽүθţڿȥȴᡣ
ʱӦڷﾰй٣ȫ벻ôԶ·ŲȺͷСط·
ʱ޷ҲǳһŹڣ͵͵̧۴޷
ֻ޷һ񳣬üĿʣʮˣͶ֮䣬һϢ
Ȼʱο޷ͷȴû׽֮УĸԣҪݷͶˣҲãӦΪͽˡ
޷·ûע⵽ŵТӣǰߵϵλϣһóۣȥȺվλλϵһѧӣҲȥ
ִµ㣬޷ӹ֮󣬲¯ִµؾƣ޷һһ𣬾֮볾ţߵףվҾ֡ȺͬˣҲһߵףҾ
޷ϵλҾ򣬰ݣҾ
޷ҾŰݣУһݺ͵ݣ˾ƣһ˫չŰ񣬲ȺͬҲҾŰݡϣ޷棬ʲѡ
ʱ֪޷ݼģԼĸףԼ游
ɱѧƲұ̬ҲǰȥǸź
ӹһٵĲ׿Ͽ磬ӷѻ磬޷ǰ죬ֻܱڸСسǱ·ͷٻżּݲ˼ͨݼ׿ϣֲδܰݼʦź
仰˵޷ݵʵǲ壬׿
ǰݼ壬Ȼöʮİ񣬲׿ֻǲĶϱż޷ͬʮİ޷˾Ű¡صķ˫չᡣ
ĸ֮ʱֻǳĬţûһᣬʱ游ĵӣ¡صɥǣ·ĸףʱоһµӣڼһ㣬ˮ¡
޷ҾлλִºףТӳʱʱǱ֣ʹʧ·ֱʱŻعףĸˡʹİˣǵϯ
ԪţʱŶ޷˸л֮ʣһ˫ˮ涵ۣһ˫ˮ涵ۣ˴˶ӶԷǧû˵һ֡
·ϣ޷ŲȺһѧӣÿ˵·ѡʰ˶·
һָӶسǣһɳ֣ؾƵԷ˻·ͬʱ֣β޷ע䶯ȥ
֮°Ԫ뵽Լϣܿʱ㣬ʣλЪջ˵Ҫ̷ҪҪһ·β棬ʱ䡸롹ȥүᡣ
ڴϷڷﾰϷ޷ҪطﾰǣƱҪӺݸʱְ޷Юֵȥʡµ
Ԫһ룬ʹ֮󣬲ŵβ棬ٳȥʣȱ𾴣ķУ¾ˡ
µǶһƬ൨ģ÷һᣬ̫ϧˣȰСӰջᡣ
Ԫû˵ᣬֻǲ¡βأȷᾭݸʱһ˿ӱ޸ȥţҸ֣ȥϡӭӡʣˣһβ棬һӦͨ
ˣΪСΪ̳ˣүѧϰ²£ȫ°˵˶ܵǲۣ˰
Ѷ鲢ûسЪޣǴǶһ·϶ҹ̣ϳͳϢ
ĸȥʱڴһͷԽ⣬ȶ֮Žֹ˿
Ԫȥһ֮⣬ʱ䶼ʱߣʱıʹûгȰֻĬĬš
ʱҪʱ򣬵ˮݲӣ§һ§ʱļ磬š̲ˣ㻹ҡĹػ
ʱӱ˵лϵĺ롣
֪Ϊ׼ѾΣʹвξңһʹšһʹ֮УͬʱѾʩԪ˯˹ȥ
Ҹæ뿪ѯʱѾ˵˵һ룬ͣסˣ˵ʩչġ
ҪʲôʱŵұҸӸš㲻ְңˣû˵


26 
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һȥ
ǺһЦ, ʲôܰģأ
ʱ㵹ɻˣ㲻˵һֱҪң𣿡
͸ŶѣҪ, ҿͨһ, ȥŻ, ֻҪȫ̲÷û¡뱾С, , Ƿ֮¡
Ǵ΢Ц, ʱ, ʱ, ĸ, ƽʱòԵ΢Цһȣʲôɸ˵ģ
ЦǺǵصܸȣ˵һһǴ
⻰˵, ΢е㲻˵ݡʱû˼, ûֽ, ֺݲҧָѪ飬, ԼĴ, ŻִԼ
Լһˣ޸֮ΧȴΧŶʮ, ʮƤӵ, ̸ף벻ܳ, ֻ޷ˡ
뿪֮ʱѾԪϵķԪһߴźǷһ۾һû˯ѵӡʱſó죬̵سϣˣ˯ɡ
Ԫأǿţʱߣ㡣
ԪʵϣںڵȦǿҪԼʱͷǸжġȲɵϣҲˣһ˯
˯ˣԴȥˣôɰţȥ˯˵˯šţͽۡ
Ԫ˵ţϲش´ͳһҩ裬ݵʱǰ·֮ǰҽİߵӣôһ裬˯һźáԼˣ˯ٺûˡһ裬˯øЩûġ
ʱԪ֣ˮˮҩҭȥԵĿζȴܵԪ⡣
ԪʱҩӺɵװ˯ɵʱߣʱȰ浣ģôһֱȥ˰ˡС㣬ˣҪķſһЩҪߵòġ
λխ˲ţతԪǷûгû§Ա߼ʱ㡣ϲʱ㣬һֻΪʱãĻᣬռʱıˡ
ܵԪ⣬˯ȥ֮ǰʱ㻹룺ϣĸףҲԪǶõˡֻϧԪѧǲ־ͬϵͬ·ˡȻϲԪԪֵƴŬڲ˺ǰ£ֹƳıж
Ƕ԰֮ñ
ǳ˰ҩԵʣҲпӦţϵ޷ͷûôԵʣʱҡεĳţڳ˯˹ȥ
ʱ벻޷·ֻһʼÿÿҪһԴĳʱǰ·
ʼʱ򣬻ڲŵӣһЩ޹صĵʿҲĽǰ·ңԽнǰ·ʿԽࡣ
иѧٴϽѧһǰ¼ģ湧¡
ѻ磬Ȼӭһ··׿ϵõ˸ݵλľ١
ʱ֪ЩˣЩʿǽ·ĸ׵Ļᣬ游ľغͰ
һֱûּѩҲҹȻ죬ֻ·׿ϵʽԼĸ顣
һ·ϣʱһߵлŸĸ⣬ͷȴ롣
һȥһֱûٳ֣Ҳһ⡣źٻ˼Σȴãһȥ١
ͬʱʱţȴʼûյ޷ĻӦʱ㲻֪뵽ûаѿ͵ûаѿ͵ΰƣ
ԽнʱԽǵǡԪ֪ʱ£ƣСοʱ㿪ġ
ʮҹ·Ѷڵ𴨡
漮𴨣լڽسϽµɽڡ
ȵּţֻǲһЩѾּʲ֧֮УԾסɽڡ
ŲŹ£ĸѻ磬ҵ峤е¸֮˼꿡ǣӭʮ
ʱңʮ귽˹˺£Ͽӭʮȫϲ˭˭һȱ˸ˣٲã˺ܶᡣ
˱ңæΪ׿ѡַڿӿ̱޷ˡ
ΪТӣʱ㵹þæµʲôҪǿɥ
Ȼ˵ʱлһ··ǰ·عҶ֪ʱݡ
лС֮Ϊ˸Ŀĺ棬ٸ׸淢ʱ㡣
ʱݣû˳׸淢ҿװʲô֪ӡһ淢ٸҪ׽ռࡣ
ˣ˺ʱ㶼ڽɽڶֻͣһգԳѨ̱£һ磬ᡣ
֮ʱ˵һæңʱ˵һ𣬺޵˻ߡ
뿪ʮ꣬׿ɷͶŮԱߣžʱ·žɵױݣžʱķʽ
ȻݲˣɷͶŮϵյԲ
ʽ֮󣬼ලݷطĹ㣬æµ˰죬֮ʱТҰַλףлǵĸ⣬պ֮ʱɨһ²һ֧
ٲһ˵లοֽʱԺ߶߶
Тʱڽûʲôģ̤˷֮·
ʱΪʬܣŸϵüȥʱҹˡۿֻʣ°ʱ䣬¸Ԫ֮󣬾ȸϵسͶޣסһ
ʵ˵ӣûûҹĸ·ϵͷͣزٰ׿ϵɥ£Ҷ۵úˣܹɵϣú˯һ
˽س֮󣬱ҵһջͶޣջ
سǲ̲࣬˵ĿջҲϷ䣬·ļ䣬̡ͨ
Ϸ䣬ʱү£ԪΪС˵ȻʱүߣסϷ
˵ȣҸԷ˷䣬ҪˮһϴѾȳĺζ
ζһ˱ɿ࣬ټɣ־һʹʹԺһ١㷹ֵ֮࣬ҹ֮ˣԻط˯ˡ
оڰͷˣȥ·ҹޣס⣬ˡ
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ȻԪʱһ·ϱǷţûиϳûǰ̽·ûвûаҹ·ڳ˯˯һ·Щʡˡ
壬ȴȸǲԶˣиֻƣ۲ݲϴһڳȲˣоȫ̹ȵ˯ڴ˵˵˵ţ˹ȥᵹڴϡ
йȥûã˶ѣ˵͹٣Сꡣ
ȻԪʮ쾡ľװСģСӣƽʱźˣΰ˯֮䣬˾ѣͷ󲻸ˣ¶붯ɴɵȥ˯ˡ
ʱΣֻѴʷ£סԪΣ˿ţȻȥš
վŸŻֵ̺ĺӣỴ̈ϴĨһǵĻơ
ǻƽ֮Ŀڷһתһ˿ɻ󣬲ܿһЦʣС磬үأһȥʰϵĲʣˡ
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ƷɿƳһ۴ᣵĴջĿ⣬¼ͷĨĨϵգʵСôն˥
˲øӷɥֻڳ⣬ּ¼ɡ˴ն˥Ǹҷɥڽ̷ϣǸԼҵɥұӻ
Т죬ҿ϶øһЩʱ䣬䴦ɥ£ٻɻңɻʱ׼ɥ
֮үгһնˣôôϳ
ԼǡүŵǸǡСˡʱûҪƶ˵ֻšһ
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סڸڵ£ҪûͽԪŷԸ׼ϴԡˮæڣճһͰ
ʱ֪ԪǸܹ˵ģȵ죬˶ʮ·һֱֻܲһ£ѾܵýˡûˮȻֻüţˮĻвϴģߣҲµڰˡ
ʱϽҪģҪģҼүǵϴˮ˯ˡҵţȥ
Ǹ˵ջªûרŵϴˮ¥²
ûˮԲϴһͰˮǵţϴײϴԪˣȻ˯ɵذִʱͷʱ뱧ţŵ¥


27 
Ԫһ
Ԫһ
Ԫʱ㶼Ǵûгŵ, Ӻһ·ѹϸ·Ҳûסջ, ȫ֪ջʲôӡ
ŵ¥֮, תתȥһȴ﷭ȥ, Ԫʱ㶼ûɣȫ̽˵Ҫ·˵
, ƺ̫ԶһЩ, ԪЩͷ, Ҫ֮ʱ, ڰһΪƾɵŰǰ, Цλ롣СĲеƾ, λܷģϲġ
ԪʱŽȥֻһת, ˵ڵ, Ҫ, ѹסҪ, һ, 㱻˳ĶͶµв
ʱ㱾ܵؾò, ͷУ밢밢롭ңңϧ, ԴȥͿ֮, ͺˣʱͷôУ벢ûӦ֡
ڰ֮Уˣֻһֲڵʵôҿ˵ˡλ롹
ֻƵ˵Ҹ㲻ĸͰˡֽ㣬ˣȥǻҹˣҪ˶þͻᷢǿߡ
Ԫʱѹţܿ㱻˸ʵʵƵģѹţáţǱ˿ڼͷһ峵
ֲ֪ڽ𴨳ͷĨǵн˶ãڵһլǰլ˺ţ峵ˣеˡ
ţһӭ˳峵廨ˣʧѽҽȥСӣôȥ˰⿪⿪Ӵôһ
˵ʱͷһϲ޷ˣ
Ԫˣȴͷһ䣺޷Ұŵġ롹ƻˣ
޷߹һ۱ϳʱ㣬æԱߵ˸ʱɰ󣺡Ϸ˵ֻλնүǡ
ƷֱСʹˣնǸСˣǸµĲүСͷɻ£Ű˵ųʱһҾѽСǸϴ֣УСӣð֮ˡ
һһ߸ʱɰһʵϴ󣬶ô죿ҪɱˣǸֲڵ˳ȴݡ
ʱ˴󾪣ֻûɿﻹŶ˵ֻášҽС
޷߳ȰɱģȻٱţ˭ҲȲȻǸֲڵбŵľǰƵˡ
ʱһɰ󣬸ϿͳĶ޷ͷȥʱлȣ
úӣʦӣý޷ǺЦţԵǳ泩һѷʱ㣬ָԪʵҽ˭
ССˣ
ȻСˣҪһߣ
ʱԪݸԼһҲܱ¶ɵŰץİѱҪץСأ϶֪ᷢʲô
Сˣȴūţ¡ߣƾմūʱ㳯ղǵһҾλ׳ʿƽƽͻؿջһȥźáˡƽƽʣǿ
޷ͷʱ㡸ܵɱΡԸǸֲڵͼٵưԪͻؿջҪ
ӵ˷ԸԪҪߣʱ㿴ԪԼĸ۹⣬һȵȣ
ܹȥԪһҾ˵ллллԪһֱչˣллԪϲ
ԪȻ죬ѵģĿʱ޷ọ̈̄ͷѩʱ㣬޷룬ʱҲ֪ôģ޷ˡļƻˣʱȴʵˡ
ʱôϲôҪãͷȴ
Ȼʱһţһ沢ûз淢һֱʱֳĹ˳ͬͬ£ǼٵģǼٵģ
ҪĲǵлʱ۾ίŭʹϧˣԹ޵ȸĹ⣬챻ţ˵˻ֻһֱšغС
ʱڳĶʱ㣺ƭңôƭң㻹ûģ
һֱƵһ죬һ׼˺ܶԪֱĻȵͼذֵһˣʱֺѹ˵ллǶģ˵ʲô޷Ԫ˺
ң޷棬ܶ໰Ҳû˵æУʱ˻仰ɽģˮڡ
¿ջ˷ֶߣһʱ˵ڡ𻰣Ԫ׻ذ峵峵ɿԭ·ˡ
ʱ㲻ģ׷Ű峵˼һֱŰ峵ת˸䣬ˣſ¼Ȼʧ̾һ
޷վſڣϴƲסĸˣԹۣȻ˵ǰСӳԪɣ
ʱֽĿһ±ȥ󾪻ͷ޷ܵطǣ޷ȥٱԪݣʹԪͰյء
޷ŵһЦ˸ʱݵƣ˵ģ˿϶Сƽƽͻؿջ
СԺǽ𴨳һͨӣʮ־խʮ߹ͥԺݡ
ݣʱ޷ȥߵͷСֶлȣָмĿƣֳĳС
ʱͷߵһ£㱻޷סˣЦʵʲô㲻дţ𣿡
ʱʮֳʵ˵ţֻǳһ¡
޷ΪԵõź룬ǺЦϷϵˡ
ͷʱ㣬޷ʵţҲᵱϷĳŵͷ벻Ϸ¡
޷ԸеŵԼµġֻʱ㾭һЩ£֪ηˣ£Ҫ˼С
޷ȻҪʱΪ״ӡ״һʦţȷһӵʦϵָʦ˼룬ⲻϣҪʦϵǾˡȻӲҪͻᱻΪʦţ⵽ǵĿʷ˵
ˣʱڵϣҾֵСֶͷм⣬ڰʦ֮ǰ
޷ɫɻʱǡ˵
ʱ˳վֻҸʦƽƽվʵСֶ¶ĸڰʮ꣬游ǰ˵ӺһӹֻƬ಻ŲʣСֶ֪Եɡ
ԵɣԪתӢķʱ޷֤һ£˳̽̽޷Ŀ
Ȼ޷Ҳ˵Ϊ˱ܼɰ
ʥϼɵү϶˹ٳɣŵӲҸκν
ĸӶڰȫġһǳ΢ľ档
ţʱ̽޷԰̬ȣ޷ζ԰ıܼ֮⡣
ⲢʱҪ̬̽ȡʵβµղűץ֮ˣСӵģ
޷ЦϷ˵Ҳ˼ٳСӼٰСˣװҲ߯ˡϸƤ⻹һСˣ
ʱ̽˵ʥϼɵг֮֮ġٸ淢СأѵݵʥϣǴһ
޷һʱ㣬һСʮԼʧЦúӣǹ̽Ϸء
̶ɫʥϼɲɵ벻Ըǡ٣ĸӣжʵͳݶ飬ϷϲǸ淢Сӣ֮١
ǣĸӣΪǣ£ŵӣ׳ǵʱûֱ˵ı棬ֻ˵׳
ܰү汣ĸǳʲôĿģĸӣʵ޷˵ţ˵ԼĿڣϷͷԶмү˶ʦһѪ
ּʱϵӶΪʦţܵ⣬ͷ߾ȴ޿κΡ벻֪ү棬ǿб˶ʦһѪ
֪Ϣ֮ʱϵ޲м޷ʱ˵ﶼŸм
ммǲΪмԼ룬תͶЧһϣӳίʵ͹ʿǵķǡ
ʱ޷Ļõؼ֪һ޷ԼһڲŵӲԸǰͶЧֻͬ侮ʯ޷Ĳ淢Ԫľٶ
ĵͬʱʱÿԸ޷нһĽףʵиСֶΪʲôҪ
˭ŶǸǰϷŵˣֻ˵㣬뿪Ϸơû˵ġ޷ɻ󣺡ʲôˣΪʲôҪ
ʱδõ֮ǰڰȫġʱΪʲôȫĵطúôţԸðſͷΣգģʲô飿
ŵӲûѲĸһֱڰܡⲻµ۲ۿſ첻𣿵µ۵ǻǴ飬µΪƽԩѩ
ӲҾӷµĴƴάӺԼ棬ӵܷ棬ھ游ĴʷϣˣŵӶδǻµۣ
ԸԼ޷ݿţһȥ٣δʱһֱ𣬸ϽʵԶԶԣСֶСˣ֮ȥͷϣϣܴ޷䡣
Сˣ޷⣬գǸһϮۣͷƮݳԳǲʱСˣǰֲŵġ벻ʱȻȷǸСˣ
СˡҲҪ
ţǡĸСֶġ֪ȥ𣿡
ţԼˣû˵ҪȥġһСˣֵöӹע޷ת⣬ʵʲô


28 
ʱ㵱һδʦ
ʱźޱذԼĴ, ͼıǰԼĴϸϸ޷ʣСֶ˽ľ, Ҫֹı, ҪסǲǣǶõı, Σ
޷һѰʱӵڻú, Ϊ, ؽȣϷǷ, ҲҪΪԸ
, ޷ſʱ, ʱ㳯еġؾʦλȥ, һ߿ͷһʵʦϲԿۣк, к
к, ǵָһܴѪж, ޷οڲʱɳĻС
ܼסʿķ, Թ, ѡѵȷķʽ
һϯ̸һ˼ĽʱԪǴҹ̸ͬһ˫˼߶ϵĽ, ˴˴ͺĽ, ͷֻ쳣ĳ, ݡ
ʱ㣬Ԯôãڵõ޷Ŀ϶ͬͷֻޱȳܵ޷Ӱ죬Ҳ
ƽ֮ʱ㳯޷ͷ裬ʽ¡
޷ЦӲһڣ˵Ϊʦɢ̹ѧѰ㵹ǰΪʦµĵһˡ
ʱ㣬ǺЦΪʦѧǴʦ硣
ʱϽӦеѧ󶨵ѧϰʱʱʡʦĽ̻壬Ϊʦʡ
޷Цʱ㣬ҲءΪʦѧԳƵô衣Ҿ͸㿪Цôˣͷձѧ
ʱӻ޷ѾСͻϷС˳³Ƕ죬ֽŶڴϡ
޷ʱ㲢ӣ뿪СԺҹǣ뿪˽𴨡
ʱ㺦ԪҵСԺСԺ鷳޷˵СԺ䲻ǻԺ뿪ʱԺһֱǿŵġ
ʱ޷ΪʦӴˣƪ¡
ʱ̹޷ǷԼˣ᲻ᱨ٣
޷ЦСݣǱ٣Ͷջҹ˺ǵÿջ١İɣûôԶ첻𴨣Ҳ㣬ֻķء
޷ÿҳһѷڹٳĸֹ£ʱͨеͱײطʱ̽ûи걸Ľ
Լ޷ϧʱʧһ·ϴѧҵҲչ˵ʮϸܵ
׿ϵչƫڡ֮㡹¶Ϊʱʱģ޷չ˲ڡ֮桹ֻķҪʱԼԶȥ
ʱδܹͬԳĹذ֪У޷һ׽ʦ˵ĸͻͽ縸ӡ
ʱǱܹĵ׼£Լȴ޷Ƶͣͣ·ɽˮһ㡣ʱ㿪ʼʱǳż޲ʲô÷ӣֹıж
޷ûȰʱ㣬ֻǸҪµĸأܽóûдﵽ뱸ֻĽۡ
ʵͷ˵ȿտȰ˵ʱ㡣
㣬˰֮⣬޷Ŵʱﾰǡʱ֮У涼ٳɳ
ʱ䣬Ψһʱ㲻ģʼûг֣ʧһ㣬źٻһһΣҲû㶯ʱֱؾˣص¡
˷ﾰǣʱ֪޷ڽӵ봫ȥĿ֮󣬱дŴ˹١
޷޶Сˮλ£ڷﾰﲢסլ˷ﾰǺͶڿջ
ϴԺȣϢ֮޷̿Яķıʸ̫ӣдһͶЧš
ʱ㿴˴󾪣ΪǰͶЧ̫ӻĳλӣҲ۳ɰܣ𺦵ʿ
ʿ£ǾӺͶͬǰЧĳλ̫ӻӣԻ֮˵ˣһֵͬСоֻҪǽԺõʿм¡
޷ȻǷﾰǵ䣬Ӱ󣬼ʱգܳΪ̲֮һλ塣
޷ݣϧʱͶЧ̫ӣԻ
һǰͶЧ̫ӵ۵㣬޷Ϊһ壬ˡȻ岻ʥˣɲпҲһڸ
ʱȰ޷ǵȻ˵ܲܳΪ壬ԵԼӲǾˣ£ıáȥˡ
ʱ㻹ҪȰ޷˵ү¡ûءλãǴ˭ûءλ
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ֻ̫ӱҪᶨԼ棬ı֮Ҳֻ̫ӣжԸͰĵ
޷ͷֹı棬Ȼû취Ȱ˵зǾֻܴⲿֹ֮䣬һͶЧ̫ӣټ£пܴﵽֹıֱȫĿģӺ֣
ֻʦδ̫ˡ
޷ˣǹһЦ˵ҲȫΪ㡣κһλλķ棬ٲѪòȣʱֶΣֹı棬ܱ֤̫ӵ˳ǻⳡѪ֮֡Щֵá
޷õ̵Լѧ̸ֹ֮䣬һݵʡ
ʱãʦЦݸ벻ͬʦЦ˸о˹ţࣻЦ˸оůֻ֮࣬ɲ֮С
޷ʹߵĳͶȥ˶Ǳߺܿ޷ʦӽ˶
̫ӵҲǾ޷֮֮ϱ֮ʮֿ
޷̫ӵչʾԼġ̹ϡʱ붫˽ʱԼѧ׿ʱ㡹̫ӵֱӳʱʵݡ
Ͷϵԭһ޷̫ӵµƷͲŻһʾ֮޷ֱϣ̫ӵµǻ֮ʵʱΪʦƽԩѩ۵ּ
޷Ͷɣ̫ʮãǣʦһΪ˶䣬סڶǱҪʦԸڷﾰ¶档
Ϊ֮޷ʱ赽Ϊ̫ӳıߵĸУǣܣŬȡ̫ӵΣأܲĻˣԽԽࡣ
µۺض̫ӣս˥֮ʱѺܶ೯֮£̫Ӵ£һС͢ļʽʱһο۽ؽҲ˼ʶ
֪ȥһࡣʮʮ٣µ۵һۣȻµٺݣΪף١
ǵʥ˳ĻʲڳТµĴֶΪԼף٣ˣֶȥʧ
µ۶ʵ۵ݾܾôʵ۲Тʵ´ţᳫġТιͳЦʵ۱¶ͷТף湦򶼲õµƽô룿
ⱾڳУһʯǧˣڴ󳼾ף֮¡ԼףǷػġϸòȥΪף١ҪҪ߳ȵ˻򹫿˽ܵۡ
ﾰǵƣȻϿһɸƽֽԣȴ
ʱϢͷһ£ˣҪˡ
޷ᡣΨһģĻᡣ
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µ۵Ȼʮͷӹȴ˥úܿ죬󳯻ᶼ޷֣̫ӴȻǰݡ
̫ӧµ۱˳µͬˣּףٵһˣ̫аš
ּһ̫ӵǰѡ˰򾫱ǿȥ⣬սʣȻڳĴУĿжβҲ󷨲ǹǲ
̫ӵµľٶһԵźţУȥף٣ȥ̹ǵġ
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ˣ̫ӵӣǰŰĵشӷﾰǳˡ
ʱװڶ֮һڶ֮УȳߵԶˣԱܿ˶Ŀ֮뿪˶飬˶ֱۺݡ
ʱڶѧģѡһƥº͵òײż˶ʱ䣬㱻ߵ߻أһƲãˤ
ʱſڵϣʹһŻ£һ߳Զķл
ʦôõ׼ϲϣôô
ҪǲܱȴǰһȥݣǵļƻˡΨһĻᣬֻŰ¡
ҲµĽ벻ɣչıˣչǱѧ塣
ʱڵ飬ͺԼִԲȥһڴ£ظȥֹ룬ȴСˣ
ԽԽԶûӰʱĿУҹιԽ𶹶
һʱ֮䣬ʱſڵϣöȻʱǰһһӰǰЦһĴ˵ѵãҲſ£ʱ򣿹Ҫסһ̡
ʱȥ룬ĸ
ʱһ±һվһѱס룬˵룡ɻˣһ࣬ȥˣϲ֮飬ԱͲû§ıˡ
룬·ʧȥһ㣬ϲЩ״Σûʲô°ɣ浣㡣
Ƕϰ侲Գ֣ϲŭɫ뱻ʱô磬޹˼ɵرţЩڣۼشʱ㻳ѳû¡ʲô£
ûΪʲô֣ϲ֮࣬һ䣬ʱͷĪðһԹֵŭ̧֣ǰ˻Σʵ룬ٻööΣΪʲô֣Ϊʲôң
ҿʱͦ˳ģûʲô£Ҫšʮĵظʱͥ͡Ƶ½磬ⷽǧС
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ˣûпʱ⸱ĹĵСģˣ֪ʱ˿ڽв֪ĻֹסȥЦѽ˼ǲܣ´ζҪ㱨š
벻νľʵ㲻ǼŸ·ô


29 
һ˫ʱ
һ仰ʱصʵ, ſյߵķ򣬰յ԰԰ҼŸϻ, ܲ, ôźã
۰Ͱ͵룬˵֮˶, ҲΪʩչһء
ǣ˵, ׶÷, , , , ص, ѣع硣
ˣʱ㲻ðȻУĻ, ɤ, ˵
, סʱ֣ǣǰȥ, ͥŲһ, ˵Ƕ/صûܾѶ, ˱һȥصġ
벻ʩչ, ʱʧ, ܻͷȼϣʵ
Ȼ
һʱ㻹е֪֮ˣҲûﵽݡУϡ
ȻǰУЦҾġ
ʱһʵ˵Ҵ˴֮Уǳǰܣ
ֻǣʱ֣һ·ǰȥ˵ʱ˺һ벻˵֪ǲϻش𣬱벻ʣ̣̲סʵأ˴֮Уǳǰܣ˵ô˵˵֮ˣָһ㣬֪ȥδûѧᣬǲ㣬й
ͷǰѾʱĹĵģˣʱļУͷòӡ
룺ȻػʱĻ壬ں쳾﷭
һֱ߸ϣƶ˸ʱ㣬ֻںʱĻûеõͻָȴû쳾ʱ㹲ѣ֪ʱں쳾ٸõ˲䡣
ͷ£ǲ뵿һĨ΢Ц˵Ȼֺ֪αʣ֪к£Īǰ̡ʱ㣬ִǺ£ִڳɰܣͲˡ
Ȼ֪˵ʱ㻹Щǵģ֮һҰôû̵
̵ʲôô
ʱͷؿ룬룬ҡҡͷȻֳǰȥ׵Цң
һ𣬸о֣оɣо̤ʵоһ־ϵãѾദ߾ˡ
㣬ȥҪô᱾ĩζˣʱԼӦŻ벻ЦԼ
ǣ֣ɢһ㣬ǰȥû߶ãȻյ˻
ʱԼǰʱһȥ̲סһ˻
ʱĴڲ࣬ʵĥˣ
šѧ֮ˣбĥ˵ľ
ڲǺ˽Ĳλ˶ֵú̹֮ʱоʹѸټᵽ΢ɲĵزʵףôʹˣʩ˷
벻𣬰ʱȱڻ˫һУɨΣɳ
ţֿܵȡûж˵ദøо
֪ΪʲôʱֱλЩ벻˵ʱܴ˾ദУо
ʱЪϢĿյ̲ס룬ǲˡ
ֵû벻⣬ֻ˵û¡
ûзϣǾˣʱ룬˵ôô˵
Цţָָ죬ð뿪ЦĿǣʱ㣺죬үۣ಻ţ
ʱЦ˵ۣǲǰүĳͷҾ˵㱾ô˭㣿
˵˵ţʱоˣ󲻷صͰҴţû캦֮£үΪʲôҪͷ㣿ҪүǸϹ۵İɣϧҾǸˣȻȻȥ
ʱȻԼ򱧲ƽ⻰˵߯߯Цڶȴ˾úáЦֻ飬δд˿泩
ǿˣû벻ҹʹƥһЪһϻҰ˯һʱʱ˰
ԶԶֽʱ㣺Լǰȥǡ
ʱ֪Ҫ뿪Ͻҽ㣬ң
á
ʱֻ˼ġ
ߵʱ㳯ſڵĸҾֵµӲʱ㣬̫ӵ֮ǰݼүҪ棬ͨ
ûеȴãĸڵĸʱΧסүѲʱѺȥ
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ʱϽ˺һǴ̫ӵǰүҪ̣ǲ񣡡
һү˵ˣʱϽȥ
˼Լ߽ȥаɣ̫̫ӵ
ǰ󣬰ʱΧм䣬ڳѺⷸ˵ļʽʱߡ
ʱһ࣬ػ׳ĵطľ»û䣬ģˣ̬ȡ
ʱֱΧľ£֪Լȥ˰ү鷿
ү鷿ĵطһŸҹ
ʱȻûʸү鷿ģԪ͵͵ָ
պܣ˵ģǰҪ֮ǣǷǳӵģˣֱӰѺү鷿
ʱ鷿ſڣһ꣬䵭ؿŽ߽ˡ
ԶʱֻһۣϳˣǳԪ
һʱ䣬˵˵̲̣ȴ㹻ɳΪꡣڼ䣬÷С飬һɥĸ֮ʹһ˱롣
ʱ㿴ǰ꣬Ȼǧ˵ĸܣֻ̧һҾʱСӡ
Ԫޱأûʱ˵Ƶģһ֣ĸһԪɨʱһۣת鷿
ʱ˽ȥֻ鷿үӣүԼصļıʿԪûλãվڰ
鷿һؿûļʽ
Ҫһǰ̣ҪʱšڶöСʽ»̫顣
ʱǰүүүүȲҲôʱ㡣
鷿û˵ѻȸĬУ͸εѹ
֪үⷴӦҪԼһʱŬֱͦԼԳųþƽȵ˵̫ӵ֮ǰҪ棬趼ûУĴ֮
ӺǺǴЦЦ˳˵֮д˵ġ֮ǰСɴʲôˣȻ㲻ˣסջ뿪֮ʱҲջƹ˵һɣĺ⻤ѻ磬ȴ·ˣһ·ˣСɵΪ֮񣿡
ʱΪСɡ˼ûʱ㵱̫ǲʹǵӷǰǾ䡸Ѻֳ̬һС
ʱ㵹ǷҪⱭ裬ֻǽ˴򿪽֣ص꣬үУү뿪𣿡
úôУΪʲôţӢϹ˵ЦǺǵģȻʱ⣬һ裬ôش


30 
ʱһؽʺ
, ӢΪʦӵҪʲСɣĸ御, ȴĻϲ, ֮¡
ԪȻһף
ӢҪԪĸ, £̨
, ӢһѹԼ, ӵ涼, Ԫ̲סʱתһҾǸʲô, ֪, , Ϊȥ֮֮Ƿ̫ӵ֮Ҫ棬үҡ
޷͸ʱ㣺Ҫ, ԽԽ, û, Ҫ쵶ն飬⡣
ӢʱԼѹ, ¶, Լľֱ⣬ɴػ˱ξ, , Ӷƿ̬չ
Ӣͷ, ɵöʱ߿һۣһʱ䣬꣬ѷǵǸ¶۵ˣݵƺԼĽ̵Ķӻʤһ
ӢﻹͷţүӢѾЦˣСӣ뿪ѽϲˣ뵱꣬ĸӣԣ㴩顭
Ӣ̲סֹ죡
Լþѹʱ㣬ѾʱǺȥˣͬ·ŻҪһΣֱ̡ȫʿ֮Դǽ档
ʱһֱͬһ˵ЩǶ飬ؼʱһᣬ֮ܶ˸жͼǺõġ
ʱ˸ǲһһõĶ˵£ͱЮͼЮͼĽǶ˱ˡ
ЦûиеĲ𣬻óж̫ˡ
ĸϢͨû֪Լܹ˵ҪʱСӡͿɣҪ󣡳Ӣܣһӵû
ʱûô࣬վ鷿̫ӵŰݣƽ
ܿӱޣȽǰһ죬ϵʦ̫ӵǰģֹܹı棬Ļᣬʱȣû˼νĿ֮
ˣʱûǳӢĽ£ֻףһֱû˵ʾûеİ˵Ѿõ̫̽ӵ²İǰݵ·ϣԼտɵ
Ӣ̫ӵǰ٣ЩҪģ֪ڣαš
̫ΪʲôҪþʾﶼ
Щ갵ɵС겻µʱ㶼ˣﾰǸϵһֱ԰ģôһ޲ɵ۰͸ּûõʵ֤֮ǰ
Ӣ˵ǴװͿڰûʵʩж֮ǰ÷ǲȴǲ㴰ֽġ
򣬾ǳ˵ƾּƳãݵʥڱλ
֮ó÷ȼɵֲ׷ѣֻΪ˲䷢˵ȯ֮⣬һּ
˭Ҳּ֪ݡ˶²⣬ǵּƺ⾸۵ġ
վһ˰ѰǨȥݣӵ֮ܳ⣬Ҷ԰ʵʩԴ
޷̫ӵĽ飬򵥴ֱ̫ӵʰŹǰڳһҪף֮ӣڱƷֻҪץķʵ֤˳ؽѹɱ
ҪҪǰһɽݶô򵥣οǻλ
ʱֱŰ˵ʵүһ̫ӵ²Ҫġ
Ӣ֪߳Сſڴƻƣ
үӢһ±һֻȻڷﾰǰ̽ӣԾǶָơ
ֻг̧ۿʱ㣬˸⣬Ҫʱ㿴͸
ʱ㲻үӢֻԣүϸ룺ʥϣ屧ѷһһϦ̫ӵݺأΪʲôҪܵðգ
ڿˣ˵˵
ˡֱԡӪʮأ֪ڳ˶֣˭ܱ֤ݵĴ󳼣ǹһֻ̫ӵ£ǾԲǹġɼҪԸľġ
ҲӦ̫ӵǸС֮ˣգûʮİգĻӧӧ֮󣬽þҹһһɣԵ̫ӵ³ء
һ䣺֪̫ôԸ
ʱٴγһҾҪүҪ£үҡ
һ£ǿڷԸ¡
Ӻү뺰
үӢԸֱôģֱ˵˳ҪֻǣֱӰϳȥˣʮ߳
Цô»̣ȴ͸ʮѹ
үӢϽơҡһҾһ鷿⡣
һߣ಻ٶ໰鷿ȥԪҲ˳ȥֻгӢû
ʱ֮˺óһʱ䣬һֱûжȷʱûи淢淢˵ʱиģ
и黹ֻ˵ʱı֮²ͬԸⱻв˼۵ϵķ᪣ñȸ̣񣬸ɵ͡
Ȼʱָ̫Ӵ֮ǰðűʵΣգʾ̫ӵǰҪ̡
λֻһˣ̫ӣŲɵ͵ìܣӢ룺ʱʱҪ̡Ȱİɣý̫ɣ
ԴӲʱ֮ûеõϢ벻ʱ㾹ȻͶ˶̫ӡ
ǰվӣðֻ̫ӵǻմ֮ӢԲʱʶʱΪ͡
ʱ޷ΪʦºȻ˳Ľͳɳѽˡ
Ӣһ־ӸµĿǣʱ˵˶ˣʲô˵ɡڣʱ㻨Ļ
ʱ԰һҾ˵үҡ
鷿ֻʣˣѵҲҪˣ
ӢһվӵʲôǱӲģӣҪ̳ˣʸκܡ
˵ͼıûءλڸһо񣬲ʱı˵ĳЭôƵù
¹ػܣ̫ӵ·Ըֻ˵үһˣ
Ĭһ£һȥƣӢȡһ£ү˵һˣ˭֪ǻʲô
˶ˣʱʲô᲻ƾᣬɱүȻѾѹʱֿԲ󣬵Ҳܲ
˵۸ģôˣҲ
ƽʱȥ߸ϣƺ¡Ĵ£ҪƷԣûвġֻǾãץСǰ·һЩȨӣƽ˳
Ӣȡһ£ǡվڶӪ˭֪ʱ᲻ᷭ飿


31 
̸
ֻǳӢûаѺĻ˵, Ѿͷٴλ֡
ӢóĸѾ˵ȥˣֻñ, ˳ȥ
߳鷿, Ϸ֮ʱŷ￴ʱȥ
ղ, ʱ㱻鷿˼֮ʱ, ûй, ʱ, ʱȴ, ǲ˵ʱڸΪ˶, Ȼ뱻˿
, Ҳãʱ㲻
鷿Ҷû뿪, վԺүҲ˳, 
һȺ, ˵ˣʱǶ, Ҫ԰˵ʲô»򻰣
Ӣү, һȺվԺò񻰣ȥ鷿Ա߲Զƫ
ƫȴ鷿̸, ͬǼ尾, ʹӲͨ, ˵鷿һֱţ
ʱʾҪҪڷӢͷߵ鷿ߵߵţˡ˺һҪǿ֮ʱ˵ɡ
鷿λʱǹһߡ⸱ΣӢǷġ
ԸӣаѲСȥԺϱ֮
ţ˴Ը£һЩĲȳϰڸ硣
⵱ڣʲô磿ӢɣǲǲʱǼһ˵ʲô̼ĸϽϸԵɡ
ֻ£ţٳӣʱ򣬳̫ӵ»¼֮⣬кܶ͵أʱ翪óһϣǼȾһۡ
⻰˵ûëɳӢֺܲԤУٳǰ˾һۣضǰԸµͷźȻģ
ܾãʱҪ˾һۣǺͲʱ̸Ľԣʱ㵽׸˵ʲô
ӢֱʸźԹţѾͷǰүϢ֮ȥ˿ԺҪʱʱĿġ
ӢٲʱĿԺ֮ʱӳԪվԺ⣬ԺŹţվ
ԼԪ˽ŲͷǸףתͷ
ӢȥĶӵļͷʵʲôȥɣ
ӽسǻԪһ±óĬû¸ŬˣԪóӢ׿˿ţʹѡɸ֮£˭ȰûãܵԼ뿪С
ǰ꣬ҲǰԺԪ˵Ųýѣ뷭ǽȥǽͷ²ȥǺǡ
һ̿ʼһһ񣬽أֶƸеˡ
Ӣӣ˵վǻ
Ԫİһ㣬˸һۣת뿪ˡ
ԸףĽǣղ鷿Ϊѹʱ㣬ײϧʹȥʱ㣬ȫ˼ĸܣһξã£̫̫ںʧɰˣҲֶ̫ˡ
Ԫó֮̽⣬СףԳϣҪ̽̽ȥƶ֮ĸ游岮ο
ţڸֻԼɣ
Ŷ뿪ıӰӢжһȥ̽̽ʱʵ
ʱסʮ꣬ʱûٽֻ²ʱ㲻׸ס
ԪͲͬˣܲʱϲϲԪԪʱ㶼ʮ÷ݣԪ̽̽õĶ̫ӵĶУռøֺơ
룬˵Żأ׼⣬ͻȻƨɣתˣ
ûκΣӢֻԼһ˽˿ԺûãˡΪҪ֪⣬ʱһ޿ɷ档
Ը˶Բʱ֮ϱ֮һʱöʱѶƹֻ޹
үӢʱ̱ϣ붯廹Ǿ񣬶ƣ۲
ʱеؾã˵ò˵̫ˡۣȰˣۡ
˰һ£͵ۻ

ʱ̱ϣ۾˼룬ڶ䳰ɥ֮Ȯö
ʱһתͷԪԼԱߵϣʶ˵㡢ôģҲͨһһ
ԼȥģȥģͨԪ˵ţ˵ϲڵĻҳһĮֻˣͨ
ֱˣʱоԪı仯ͦģֱ֮ʱԪֻ꣬ʱ䣬ԪԱӲʳˡ
ǰ鷿Ԫʱ㵹ûʲôرĸоʱԪֱͦضԼߣûˣ֪ôģʱͷӿһңɿƳԪһۣƿĿ⣬Ԫǰ㣬̹Ȼֱӡ
ʱεҲ˵ʹиշԺСϲ衣
ֱ𲻵꣬ԪоʱԳˣˣϢŨ˼֣еꡭ֮䣬·ֻʣİ롣
游ѧϰ֮Ԫϣ˼λߵƣټʱ㻳Ÿӵ飬ԾҪʱǰֱͦ壬˳Сӵݡ
ˣ֪䣬ԪͶ֮䣬¶һɵѹʵΪ
֮꣬꣬Ѷǵʱ㻹ǸӷݣץסˣᱻͷġԪΪʱҸطһӡ
ԪһֱΪСԺ⣬ɽģˮڡһ䣬ʱ˵һ仰ټ˼ǡ
ѾĵذʱĵףȥѰҹҲٶ
ʱ㣬ͷ˿ڣҲͷصۡ
벻ʱ˵ڡĺڣôؼʱ̣Ŷ̫ӣĵжӪˣ
ʱһ̣˼ˡԴӸŸѧϰƿؾ棬ƿ֮ϲ˰һƿԼĸо
ǣҵãԼ˼޷ƿأָоץ
ԴԪȻԸүһ䡸޿ɷ桹򷢡ʱ㿴ԼĲյһһµòǣŪųλƲĲҶãŵ˵Ϊã𣿡
ȣö˶˵ģõȣԪЦˣ꣬û淢Ҫлˡ
ʱ㲻˵ãһ˵ԪΪʲôͶ̫ӣԸҲǣΪ̫𣿡
ʱԺԪʡַʡͨˣʱǸߵˣм׷ȨλԣҪֲٸ淢
Ȼʱ̫ӻصԪ־ԼˣʱԭҲ̰ͼȨλ֮˰ֺαذڳһߵӣֻѡ˸̫ӣǾİ
Ϊ̫˳Ĵ𣿼λĿԸ󣬵ϻλĵ·˳
ʱ㲻ԸһΪλܶȥ˸λ̫ӵĴȣ
Ʒ֮ӣ˲ʱ㡣


32 

Ԫ˵ò, ʱǸİǣһ㣬аֵð, ǰʶʱһ
, Ԫôʱ㣬ֻʹ, ûиоһ˿⡣
ʱʮ̹سϣΪ̫, Ǵ˳Ĵ
ǺǡԪ벻ʱϵôɴ, Ҳ˵, ֻЦ
ʱ²յ, ˵ǲǵ, , ڴ˵Ҹ˵ʵһҲɡ
ʱ֮Ԫʱദÿһʱÿһ̶ȥػ˼顣
ÿÿ£Ԫ÷·аѵ, ʹش, , Ѫܣۡ
, ļ, ôǸˣˣԥˡ
, ģ
, ѵ˺, ܰ˵˺־ạ̃ʹҲͻġ
ԪȻǵǸʢĵϣʱոճţͷͷɵڴ˵ʱо˺ܶʵ۵Ļһһˡ
ʱʱŨ֮ʱʱĻʱԸţԸòڣԸӢšֻԧ첻ɡ
ʱ֮󣬻ͷ룬֪ʱ˵Щ˼һУ飬ˡÿλ뵽߷
ĵǣʱһʶʱĿȴʱԡпϹĻŪ˹ȥ
ֻϲԸʱԲϲΡ
ǱԼĸͷԣ˷ʱѻĴߣշϵӺ޷ļƻգòֶʱһ壬ˮ˶ֵӣ
֪ʱôûûεˣӦָѲʱԼߣԶ֣
ʱ㻹ἰҹ̸֮£ͷӿһɹ߷ߣԪ̲ס͵Ŷ㲻˵ϻλ²ˣа
˵̫ӵ츳԰޽ɣͲ㱧ĴȣǸ̵ģףа
ԪͣԳЦԼЦʱ㣬˲˵˵ǲ̫ĺôĸࣿ
װ׸߹ʱ㣬Ҫ࣬ԸúɽȨ£λ˳ɡʱģһܴﵽ˼޸߶ȣ̫ӻʱߵȨλ
ʱ֪Ԫˣǳҹ̸֮ǰ˲ͬķԪˡ
ʱȴܲԪʦʦͶ̫ӣΪԼıô
ǣѲɣΪ˸ıô
ҪͶ̫ӣΪıúôǾǰɣΪ˸ıô
Ԫֻͣʱ㵹ֱǣԼ˸ЦԼֵܼ氮ˣԼͶԼĵˣΪ˳عͷһظԼΪԼá
㣬ΪáЦóĻԪЦϧֻһŭĿڣϲ£ܡ
ƫʱʱʮϵ˵ңΪãûж⡣
ߣԪһһڅţòˮѶͷŭҭȥ
ʱἰǴҹ̸ԪǵķΪ۸ͶЧ˭
νͶ࣬Ԫȫ˵һȥͬעص㣬һϣⲻϱԪƫû˵ȥ
ͬʱʱ㿴óԪԶֳǰ䵭ƽٸԪվԪһҾˣˡܷˡ
ˣңӲҪ򣬵ǰ񡣵Ǹ֮󣬳ߣ뿪˿ԺСȥ˸СԷš
ȻǵסԪģʱֻһܾ̬
Ԫؿʱȥֱʱȥ䣬ţԪûлعʱ˵Żô˵˵ţʱˣ
һ£˵Щʲô
ʣΪʲôҪͶ
Ϊá
Ǻǡ
ԪԼݣûдԷȥֻ֮ʱյҵԷϡ
.
ٳ֮ǰүȻͷҪټ˽һμ磬ǰһ
Ϊһ̣ı˶ʮ꣬ν¾㱸ֻ̫ǰͶ
һ˭ʤ˭˭Ҳұ֤ʤ
ˣڸ̫Ӿսǰҹⳡ磬Եζǰףʤǰһۡ
ʼʱ򣬼ղЩأҳ˵Щףٵ׻²ߣĬĬԲˡ
ĸӣȫߣָȢޣӣﶼˡѪԵֵģʮˣǣüһá
һһţү٣ѧ·ĺӣҡҡڰڵع򵽽ϣҾཱུСצӣץ£Ͱ͵˵ף渣綫ٱɽǵһӵ˶Ц
ĸµСӣϯţүĹͷȥˡ
үЩԼܳĺƺǸˣϯĺ˼ơ
ӺһЩﱲ˵Щףٵ׻֮⣬ҲԸԸү念нգн񳯡
һһǣҪúñЧ͢ұȻ
һϵ类۽ֹˣʱҪЧ͢ұҶɣԡûءλʮİգҪЧĳ͢ǰƵ۵ĳ͢
ˣеأҶʿģսҸظŰġ˼·չǡûءλֻûǰ򵹣ɽˡ
ڶǵǣүԵЩƽŶǵ֣Цƣʮ˳ѽڵ˶˳ˣܿһţýƽƽģ֪ˡ
ȻңҪ׼Ĵ£ҳԺȶܿƣûжñɢˣ߰ظ͸λΪ¶î˾
ӢүͻԼ޵檺Ѿߣźүϴ֮󣬷Ҫ£ү˵϶ңÿˡԺ󣬻ί㡣
ӢϽοʢ˵ЩɥѾݱľۣͿҪ˵µֱۣǺ̫ˣˣٻЩꡣ
˻֣ж£ֳӵıӰ˵ǲʱǸѵõĺúӣҪúô
ᵽʱ㣬Ӣ˻ץסʵ׸˵ʲôʱٰһ磿Զպģ
Ѿ檵ķ£ɵȥˣ˻⣬ػ˻ֻ֣ҵĻúôǡҪЪˣ°ɡ
͵ˣȥƣӢҴ˸Ϣֻٴι˳
ҹչ̺Ĵ檼еѽүްˣ
һͶˮľʯصû˵ϣһӾٶӿڵĹȷϢ١
ʵǲдĽģްˣްʮٳӵ賿ʱ֣


33 
Ѫ
ް, ԰˵Ǹ˵ϣ, ȫ촷ۣ
֮еȻλ, ı棬ǡûء, ؼһ㣬ǰү
, ۵֧, ӲӰ˻λ, ųҪӾۺʧȥĶҪ
, ֻаծĵ
, ۶԰ɵ֮, ȴһֱֱ֣첻ˣΪƴű, , Ѱһϵ͢˵, Ǹϵ˺ݡ
Ѱ߳ﾰȨģһȦԼƤӵ, Ǿ۵̬Ⱥߡ
, ϶˹ٳɣ˭ҲҸʾá
һı߲, ʸծծ, ĺûʸλӢҪ, ǵоʵʵı档
˵һֱӢ˶ǰաûءλ˵µġһµĲȫˡ
ǿľӪʮĸˣϵҲ˸ı䣬ǻҪô£ǿ£᲻ޣ
һӵĻ֮˲ԼͬذĿת˳ӢүһүǴҵĹǡ
Ӣǵţ
ӢתȥԺ΢£һ۱㿴ʱ¹վԺһҾүڰ
ڵʱϵ϶ǲʱʹʲô𣬺
ͷһ𣬳ӢʱŭȥʱĲӣѹɽʯ֮ϣۣҪγѪҧгݵʣ˵Ҹôˣ
ʱ㱾׼ӵĻ˵ӢԼļƻ¡벻Ӣʧķһ㣬һﻹ˵ֻűܵƴӳӢֵѳ
ɳӢŭ֮£ŷ˵סʱ㣬ڷŭʣ˵ѽҸʲôڼʿôҵģ
ĳﻮ˶ʮ꣬ݳ֣绨ѩ£Ů鳤龫ǣڣκεиע˱ѪΪûءλǸˣۿľĲ֮£ƻһչĿһȴ룬ʱͻȻ֪ʲôӣ
ǡûءλɻȱһ룬һʹмƻֻܸȻֹʹͼıգ
Ѹߣϻλ˼ʵۡӢǳûءλҪԼ¡
ʮӢڡûءλº󣬽ҪչıΪһʥĻС֧ʮһգβ룬Թز߻ͼıԴȪ
һҲʹóӢһ׷תۼҷô񣿣
ӢֻòʱٵؼȫɣʹʮͷɳһЦĺڳӢͷ̳޲ʱ㣬ˡ
ʱôŪģѾҪˣӢķߺݺݵסʱĲֻʣһͷҪˣ˻Ҫˣ
ʶǽкҪɱ㣡ңҡ
ʱãкͷԿʼѣԺУԪеף֣
ӢƺѾ߳ͷסʱĲأԽţңɱ㣬ɱ㡭
Ӣһ䡸ǵšת뿪֮ʱԪһΪӢóʲôŤתĸ
׸ڸѧϰ꣬Զȱ˸˽⸸ף뵽뿪ʱɫβסŭ⣬ܿѻ״Ҵ뿪ʲôȥķҲʱȥˣ
ʱ游˵ʲôҲ֪游ĪҲܻɸʱйء
Ͻ׷Ժ׶ʱĲɽʯϣʱŵĸ̽ͷ̽ԣûкȥܡ
龰ԪҲ룬ȥס
ֻǳӢŭ֮£ó棬Ԫֻʱ㴭˿ϢûֻܰȰף游ѾȥˣɱʱҲûã
Ӣۣܻصɱңɱ游ɱ游𣡡
Ԫ˵֮䣬Ϊʱ׿ڳˣɵ˼֡
ﲻɵû𼸸ʱǰʱ˵ĻңһУΪá
˵Ϊãɵȴɱ˵Ĺͷϲˣ
жϹŻϲˣ
ԪһģŸף˲ʱ㣬һ˰ˣӴ˶֡
룬һͷȴʱѾӢɫҰףһ˫۾Լ
һ˲䣬Ԫʱ峺ͳݺһһ׶ĵʹϮ·Ҫһ㣬ֻﻹµȥ֡
հհգϣֻһʱ㣬һϲˡ
ԪһɱʱͷʹʱᣬֽתƴȥףʶغףҪɱ㲻Ҫɱ
ɱ游
ԪһѹҪȰ׷Źʱ㣬ҪһֵɣŮ鳤Ȱ׵ġ磬˵̫ӵˡ
̫ӢеӾҪɱɱӾͿԵǻƵۡ
ɱ̫ӲлǻƵۣɱʱ㶥ʲô£Ԫãƺͷ̫Ӹʱˡһ߷ȥ⸸׵ָʱ㴭һȰ游Ѿȥˣ£ı棡ѵҪôˣ֮𣿡
ıΣ˱ˮһսԼ׷Ȼ֮ʱϧɷλξ壬Ψܹң
մƣɳǧฮ̫Ӵ˰򾭹ϸĽǰֲǳǳأտɾݣ˫ǽĶ֣
̫ӴŰصĽбȴȻ壬ֻûд̫ӴĽֱӿɡ
ӢˮһսҲҪбˮһսʵ
ִԲͼԪףǴ򲻹ϧϧĹĽʿҪȥ޶СŹʱ㣬̫ӵˣ游ԣܿ԰̫Ӹǰ˵˵
ֻҪ̫֮ʱ¶⣬һбתءı棬Ϊޣֻʱ֣л·
ڴλᣬԺĳ·ҲȻȻٿǡ
ĥ£ԪѾǸһ֪¶ֻԼ鰮ˡԼĴҰԼ·ԼĿԡ
Ϊĵ̳ˣԪ߳ҿռ䣬ѧվȫֵȥ£ʼѧῸӦøΡ
գҪĽʿװ游Ժ͡԰˵㣬˳Ӣ
ǰԲܲ˵׷Լ˸ᡣ
Ӣһйһɣֻûֱˤȥ
ԪڸߣϽסһһֻ˫Ŀ죬ҧأֽڲ
ԪһӴûм⸱ӣͷһ±ˣʵףôˣ
ӢֱֱصŶӣҪ˵һѪֱðǺֱȣһԣиѪǿð
Ԫһ¸ǻˣ˸ףԼȥӢӿѪˮеףףôˣָ߽еˣȥ򣡡
ſ̽ͷ̽Եĸǵ˷ԸɿȥĴš
Ӣһ߿ţһ죬˵ʲôȴʲôû˵ǺѪˮ罦Ԫͷ
ôԪûôŹŵһʧȥ֪ôźá
ʱߣһѾסʱ½ʵ˵ҸôˣһǸʱ㲱ʱʱĶ֡
ʱɱ游ȻҲɱף̫ɽĴ̿ͣ


34 
Ȩ
Ӣ֮ʱ, ʱϢÿʧȥʶˣųӢɽʯߣڴڴ, ͷԻûȫ, ֪ʲô¡
Ȼ䱻Ԫ½קʱ㲻ò۾, һ۾ͿԪôľ룡
㱼, ʱоص˴ǰ, ص˼Ώ, Ԫͬ, ÿ, һͷ, ؿ˴ˡȻǱסΏӵģɸԪͬסӣʱͷü䡣
ԪȴΪʱ㲻, ܻҡֺ𣺡˵Ҹôˣ
һҡһ, ʱ㽥˹, ԪϵѪĵʵˣôȫѪ˵, ʶԪѪˮĵط, 뿴ˡ
⻰ȴشԪϣԭ, ʱ㻹ǹģ
ʱոմԺѹ, ʱĹ, Էģü١
˵ʱռһϯ֮أϲ
ʱںȴ˺飬Ϊʲô
Ԫ벻ףֻʣߺŭſʱ½һʱˤ˳ȥٴʵҸʲô
ʱ㱻Ӻ޷ֽԪһˤϣʵûүʲôѽôѪ
ʱһ㿴ӢڲԶ֮أԿѪҲǴһүôˣд򣡡
ްţүͳĵˣ֮жµүϣүɲܳ⣡Ҫүʲôô᲻ڧλү᲻ţķѣת۱Ҫʧء
Ȼ˵ʧʵв̫ӵ£˴ֱӲĽʱðգϣܹ˵ĳԡ
Σ֮ʱ˼ıֺʵġԪʱ㻹Լף˵㣬һʱ㲢ûжԸ¶֣ʱûе⡣㣬Ԫͷž΢΢Щ
Ԫ±ӢԼʱȥڳӢߣҲŲѪˮӢͦסܿˡ
Դʱ̸֮ǳıʱļƻ㽥ʧȥ˿ƣʣǲʱи˹
ǰľ棬ǲʱˣʱʵżԪԽԽ͵ذʱƿȵҵϵһͿ㺦ģҪè޺ӣ
ʱĴУԪеˣѲʱȥ
˷Ըʱ˫ۣűߡʱԾţȫûзֻ֮ýе㲻ܹҡ
Ԫ͵Ҳ𣿡ɱֻԼߡ֪ôǵĶýˣ
̫Լʱţߣ˵ҲһȥӭʹҵļƻʧˣԲ̤벽ᰴļƻ¡
ȵȣԪʵʲôļƻļƻ˵ʱĻ͸¶һЩ̫ӷϸڡ
ȷſҡ
ʱű˹ԪĸװΣ
Ȼʱ㻰͸¶һЩϸڣһʱ˲ϸʣԸҸغãҪˣʣ
ĿҽȻ˽˷󣬽аүȥԺԷʩýҽ񻯣ٿѪ
ôһ֣˱㶼֪ˣ׷ӿԺϢߣүѪҪи̡̫ӵŰϸݣ񡭡
⻼ǰ̲סҪΪԼ㣬ڱα
˵ү屾Ĺһֱҩ̲š˴ӼŭģѪУлŻŻѪһ£席࣬Ҫ÷£ؽ󣬺ǧ򲻿ķ˼ǳı
ǣ֮ʱޱ䣬üޣӢΪүܹԴһˣϴأļ²Ҫķ˼ǳı
ȴ˵֮󣬿ԺԷֻʣλүλеλĿ䣬ԼԪ׿ˡ
׿˶ĬȻŶֽصųӢϡ
ֻҪһոֹѪήҲ񣬼農Ĳ˼Ϊķ񣬲ǰ·ϱôߴٵĻЩ˵
ֳ£Ȼˣض̫ڴŰ˱һг̡
ڲ⣬ǾĲ߻ļȶѾвͨˣúȥδӣҪóһӦ䷽ÿһʱ䣬ǰΣľء
ʵӢͷβûʧȥʶ׷ţͷ˷ﾲ
ô˼ĲǰȲֲ뿪ԭ򣬳Ӣ֪ӣвжΡ
ҪԼŬһĿ꣬ΪһԼʧԭʧܣһǧһģ
ֻǣĿǰ״Ǵ£ת̫ӵͷġ
Լ壬ԼǰֻĿڣ·ܽԼгıȻգһҹ֮ǰδеܵǰƣһǷϵ⡣
ʱŭѪûѹĲƣһһһüʱ˵ýڡ
Ӣ׿˵Ĳ£˵ްΪӣ˵㣬ǿв
ӢǾ͢뷷ӣˣȻȨ
ҲһֱʵȨûʲôġλүԼλ䣬ʾ˷֮⡣
Ӣ
Ԫ߹ȥڳӢͷ
ӢִŶӵ֣˵ղţĻҶˣӲҲˡֻһӣѳ꣬ģҰѸһӦ谢𡣡
˾֮УӢתԪлλ岮Ķ֧֡
˸׵ĻԪֻͷɬһҪǿһѪ֪жأŻȨ
ʱ򲢲ǽʱԪת㳯λүͿȥԪڴлλ廹ǵֺ֧չˣԪպдʧλ岮ָ̡
һӢͷҪȨ·ŸԪʽ·ţҪֱӰȨԪ
ӢԪͷվ֮Ŀڷһһɨ˵ȻǶ飬Ӵ˿𣬰ĵˣһӦ񣬽ɰϡּ˵˵ΥĺΥһ㣬ģ
ҪȨֱӽԪ
䴦ڱȽλãϿߣ˭νȱʾԸСӺ
үӢǸӣһ磬СӵĺүŸϡүĸλֵ֮ͣ˵ϻĬ
Ӣһ£˵ðң»ΪңȻϮңԽ˵Խݣ˼ҲԽԽ
Ѿ˵ˣүӢô룬ϾܳϣֻøϽԼ޶Ȩ뷨
ү磬ҪСʮңȥδӣø⡣
Ӣһᣬشϣ˵˵ˣССһӦ񣬾ɰϣġ
ô⣬Ǳ׿ڳԼʧֺαؽȨӣ
ʧܣ׳Ƴ£öȥɣٲģҲЩ
˵Ҳã˵ӱҲãһ̣Ѿ˶ʮ֮Ρ
Ǽ£Ǹ׳ôش¼Ԫһȥϣ˵λүģλ䶼ģȰӢ˵Ѿ˵档ǻط°ɣҵ徲
Ӣڳһ˦ֲܵӣλүͿ̲ģȰӢŴŭȥҺһǷҪƵ˲Űݣ
үʱӢƹһ˵һݿܡ֮£Щ˵Щ滰Ͻ˳ȥ
ײûҪԼ˼Ԫһ˳Ӣ˵ڴû֮ǰʱ˵ĻʮҪ֮ǰȸ̸һ̸
Ԫͣ˳ĽŲӦŵһ׻ʲôԸ


35 
ּʧ
һǧص, Ȼ׵ѹĿǰ洦ڻұıԵܲץס֣ס棿Ǽ, ǵͷ, ξϣͷȫûеףֻǧͷ, ޴֣ϣܸԼָһ·
ӹԼָ, Ӣ˵ȥ, ҵ뷨, һ, Լ, ˼, Ҫڲźáǲɣį
˵˷֣ķ֣ӵκξܡжص, ʧ, ͷȴǰδеɡ
ټʱ, ԪɵЩЦ򸮱ܣ, Ҫ齺϶Ϊһ, ţʵЩЦ
ϧԪصý, Ц, ֻԸ˽⿪, ȥˣֱʵļƻʲôļƻʲô
ʱ⻰Ҫү˵
ҸױѪҲˣˣԪ̲ס䣬ֵҪĵңʲô˵ҿԾκ¡
ģ
жٴСµҴϣǸ׽̸һ̸Ϊһǰеû£ϲᳶ
ʱ㿴ųⲻˣҵʱ䣬үްţѾûСûءλĽˣټ̫ӴѹʱðȻ£ѻʯ̫֮ӳȹһأȻɢ
游ôģǲµĶ֣ԪȻѣŤסʱ½󣬰קȻһƣʱˤȥ
ǰʱǱӢסӣԵűԪ½קקȥһƣֻ˼סΣү²Ժ˵Ҫǡ
˵㣡˵游ôģ˵ʲô
Сӣǵˣչأ̫ӻʱּ׼ôһ㣬޷ûжԲߵľ棬ӭ̫ӵµİ
ǺǣԪЦǲҪҰڳӭȫN˼ӲŸˣԸ߹£κ˵ūţֻҪҲѣ̫ҺΣҼּ͵ȯ
ʱΪ㲻ѣ̫ӱ㲻ѣ
ʲôԪһôȵ۵ּȻ۵ּ֪ݣ谲ּ֮ʱ۾һ߿ţ˵Σ֮ʱáˣ˶²⣬һرԾһıּԷֵǽ
Ϊ̫ӵʦڴŰܹΪүүһЦ
Υּɱ¾壬˲Т壬Ͳ±ŭʲôپӶ֮λ
ʱðλʧܣòԩĺˣԵѪûгֵʶΪһݱּһ鵤ȯܴʵҪǵľģΪǾȷѵȨ
ۺµһֱţûж԰֣Ƕ԰˼ɣһֱڵһʱʱǰ֮
ֻϧӲ˾ۣ۳ţҪµˡ
ʱСӣһʷ飬ȯǱУǰЩõȯĳӣмõȯסԼͼ˵ѵ֪ȯϻһ仰Сı治嶡
¹Լô˵ǣڳ͢ɵ£ı棬ǲõȯˣ
ԪľУʱ˵Ǳּǵүһ˵ģ˵үʲô£⣬үްţָּּͬţּס
Ԫһôּ֪ݣ
ǵּ䷢ʱܷһϻ֮Сϣҹ˿أүӵ˶ۿֻ֪һּ
ּʱ˵ݣǿǴʧ˶λ
롸ûءλõ˭Ļλ̫ӵ»ӲִУǴĻԸû̫ӵҲڴĻǣҪжвˣ¼ȻΪвΪ֪֪ЩֶΣ֪ǵּĸݡ
ôܣй¶ּĸ壬
ģֲ̫ӡּ֪ݵģ˵ǽϡй֮£Կɴ»С֮ۺµɵ޲ܳ죬ȴٳٲ֣˼ɵģҲּ
ϢӶֱӰԪˣһˣĳıʮ꣬Ϊּ飬ɹ˿أͷŷ֣ʲô붼ûУǰװһæµʮ꣬ΪޣΪ⣡
һĺӵܣ·
Ԫҧ׼ȥλ岮ͿҪƣһһӵĸͽûʱп
ʱסתҪߵԪģ̫ӵµļƻҺʦļƻ
̫ӵļƻ˵ˣǳ򵥣ֱӽ˰ٿϸıͿƽϢ˵ķ顣
ʵı㹹ݣѲ鵽ܶıʵ֤Щʵ֤㹻һѪϴ
ԪȻˣʱ˵ˣļƻҪɢǣʱͶ̫ӣָʱΪ룿
ơʱԪǰҲƴһƴʵôԿƵĽֻĽʿװǰòȰүһתۣԼҲôɣḷ́
ʱסԪֱϣƴȰ˵꣬ңΪΪá
Ϊã˵˵ô÷ԪԼûô侲侲ѪˣɢΪıĺã
ʱϽ˵ɢʲôãѵһҪԶһ𣿸ĸڣּң˼λүүүסһڣѹȥλүȻԷּҡ̫ӵӦʹּҺ󣬼λүͿ뿪ݣƾپ̣Ϥ㣬һ񲻱Ȱڰһ𻮵ΪεĺãҪò⣬ȸλүһ¡
ԭôɢԪĬȻһ£ʵǵô죿֧Էּ뿪ѵҪһֱںݣ
үްţ˽Ϻ̫ӵµĸ󻼡үϮֻҪֹ˳͢治Ϊǡ̫ӵ´ӦλּǨطﾰһӦԱүǱ𣬵֮ڲˡ
л壬Ҫ¹ÿƾپ̣˵ÿ֮㲻¹ƾپ̶ԡ
ʱ㴫˼̫Ӽλ󣬲԰֮ڵӵְ֮ܶ󣬵Կƾˡ
ʸծּˣֻһ鵤ȯԻλвֻҪڣʵۺ̫ӶԸѰƵ̫ݣ˷飬ʷ
֮ڲˣԤֻҪһİһܳоֵܱŷּңԱǰ̡
Ϯ棬ĺԽԽ
֮ʵԽԽ֮һʽ΢ȻȴٻԻλв
ԪȴʱĻΣ˵̫ӴӦӦ̫ģ
ǣĹּ̫ۻۣʱ˵ʦ̫ġǰֹ£ɹˣԴҶãʧˣ̫ӵĴƲ޷
Ԫһ±ˣ޷޶Թ϶ʱ޷λ
ʱ˵һУǡΪáȻΪáķͼıۣȴʵģ
Ȱ˵游ģԪȻ֮䣬ͨ˺ܶ¡
ֻǰ֪ʵү
ʱ㻹û˵꣬ԪһѾסʱ½ҧԣ游
ûУʱʹԪ֣еȥδӣүԼģֻ̫ӴһòʹĶҩǰԼľ
ʱδּЧһ֮ǣѡԼȡȫƽͶĽѡ
ԸҪƴʱ㣬ʱټ磬ڼ֮չ˶˾̵ǰһж֤ǰԼѡ
Ȼ֪游ԼѡԪͷǳ˱ߣ游Ǵĺ֮꣬ƣ


36 
·
ʱ㷴, ңǣȻүӵϻλĺ֮, Ҫ, Σ˼۵мɻϻλ, £, ֵ, ЩүĶǡ
ԪǣûءߵĻλ, 游һӵԸ, ܺô, , ŬʵԸô˵Ǳ
㣬̫ϻʼݱ֮ʱүΪʲôû£ʱ, ۼλ, δ, ӵүĳӴڣҾڸλ, ۻƫү, ȴǱƹλʱүΪʲôû£
ǰ, ʱǶλʱԪ, ŵ˵, ʱ游ˣúء
һңôõĻᣬ²ÿˣ˼ţҲҪ£
ݼţʧĻᣬգ£ֻ˵ȻҪҲģ
ԪԴ޻ɱ硣
ʱֵ棬үڷﾰסţȻѻ춯ֱʮ꣬ѰǨݣΪʵΪȦѰһϤչ٣ˡʱү˶λ֮ģ֪Ϊʲô
ΪʲôԪ׿˵游ȷʵǨ֮󣬲žǡûءλ
Ԫû游ΪʲôǨݺ󣬲¾ġûءλȸȥˣ
һ棬һٱƣ̫үίʵ޿̡ҪģΪĶһǰ̣ںݣһӸͽǰʮ̹꣬ȥˣõʱֻǣ浽ʱž𷴿ǸĸһƬ֮顣
̫ӵĳŵ˰ںӵǵĳ·⣬ڡһпʧܡ̫͡ӳŵ͢ȫԼһ֮䣬ѡ˱ȫ
ڵľ棬Ǽϣò֦ɻȱļֻҪѼ۶ˣ޼ˡƣŵľ棬ɻ⡣
Ԫ߷߼Щ游̸ݣ
ʱֻǰʦĻתүʦ˵үͷԣӦеĹϣҲΪ˸ĸ飬ҪΪү룬㲻һֱү£ķӣΪӵı·
ྐྵ·ʲôˣԪѹ޷ܣʶطֱ磺ǵģǵģТ˳游ˣ游Ҳ۸ˡ
ʱȰڲЩʱþǼעһǳ̫Ӻͳ֮͢󣬶ҪӦж׼
Ԫʱ㣬Ȼϣһѷذ׵ʱ䣬ƽʣΪʣп̫𣿡
޿ܣ
ż棬̫ӾͲϧһ˵
ʦ̫ӵ£塢ǡš
ţƳģΪرƷ޷̫ӵۣĸ棬ȱˡʡ
Ԫˣ̫ӸһǸΪĿģֶεˣЮʱ㣬в̫ӡЩŭһƿʱ㣺㻹ӧΪ
ʵ̫ӵļƻûǰȰ˵ı棬͢ڡ
޷ʱ̫ӿģ
˵ˣҸʱ㵭˵ΪãΪ̫ӡΪ˰ıΪ˸ӵȡһ·ʦͶЧ
ʱԣĸһһݺѣеü䡣ֵΪ֮ƴ
޷ԣʦѪӶʹܹرʦΪ˲ʤмֻҪлᣬԸ
ԪߵΪãȻΪãΪʲôΪıߣһ뷽跨룬һװƲͲҲͰˣͶЧͷ£Ϊͷ
ԪߵģǱ游ƵͶ·ô˵һУΪãΪãΪʲôܰ£
ͬΪıֱսʱԪһҪԼѧһڵβ԰Σ˵仰ʱʱֻޱʹġ
ʱ䱦ʱ㲻Ԫͬһ⣬ֹظۣ˵ҪңΪʲôҪ뿪ֻܸ㡸ӺͶͬ
Ȼһ󣬵һԼĹ۵ȻҲͬΪҲẦ
ԪһȻඥһ׹ʱ²⣬ԭԭ˼򵥣
ֻΪ۵㲻ͬʱŻ뿪޹أϲģǰɣ
Ԫֻܿת뿪
Ԥϣѡ̫͢ӵִ֮ǰãϸ֮ΪТٰиϡ
һ湧ӭ̫ӵ£һ棬ﳼ֮⣬󣬰ǵδּϽ̫ӣǰȷ̬
ʦϵģӳӢѪ֮󣬲Ƴأֻ̫ӵµִ֮ʱ׿˺һҲųΰһ¡
ľ·й˳ȥģɥ鶼֧ŲסֻԴ
ɳԪˣ̫ӵ¹İݣﳼ֮һĹ̡
ʵδʵ۱ʾ˳ˡڶʮŲ֮ĵİ˵ﳼȷʵǷǳ¡
ȻѾڳ˳̬͢ҰҲˣʧȥĳ룬̫ӵµûиϾɱʵеȥһԼλʲ游
̫ʾפһТڣҲ˾ʳ̫ӣ˽
գ̫ӴԼӣзͷŽڰפȴ
Ȼз˼֪Ԫ֪̫ӱһ½ĸм
޷̫һзطﾰǣʱ˵Լʱĵүշ̫Эɥ
̫ȻͶϣҲҪԼĶĿߣͬʱ󣬻˼˸ʹ¶
̫̻ؾҸһ룬ʱңжһѪۣ̫ӵںһɽյأ⵽˴ɽ˵ͻȻϮٳԮ
Ӻݷطﾰǵ·ϣôɽˣɽ˵ĵҲ߯󣬾ȻҶ̫ӵ³֣
ؼ̫ӰѰֻɡɽˣжɣ֪Щܲܿס
ƴΧǰŵҲ˵ɽ˵жˣоɽ˺ܶ࣬Ƕܶ࣬ҸײУһӶʮˣͳţ
ʱϢȥԪ
Ԫһʱ㣬ֱ˵ǹɽˣˣ޹ء
̫ӵ£᲻ô룿
ǣǾҪ̫ӵǰǼҶ˵˵ʮַܵسʱҾһҾ¹ؼһ䣺лˡ
ԪҪͿͣʱվûʵ֪ǹɽ˭ǲǣ
Ԫ첻˵


37 
Ԫһر
ʱֱ˵ԼĿĵ, үĻ־Լſ̶ܲãʲô£ǹɽȻ, ҲӦ֪˭
ԣԪ, ǻʮ㡣
ʱͷż˲÷, ҸԸƨ
ģ̫ӽҪɱ, ̫ӱɱ֮, ϶ѲΡ
òŲɽûйϵ, ˭ĵ̳, ˭͵ø˵, ĵϳִɽ, ˵ԼȫȻ֪⻰˵ȥû˻š
ɺԪ֪еĹؼȴ, ֻܸԼܣ
ҪΪ˾Ԯ̫ӵʱ, ɲصĺ, ΪһʦϧͶЧ, Щ׷ˣ
ʱ㳯Ԫɹȥ, 볳ܣȿˣ㳳, ʵ, Щɽ˵ʲôݣжˣ
Ԫʱ㼱һ, ໰쭳ˡ䵭ʣȴԽĻ꣺ʱ㲢ûб䣬һֱһֱϲӡ
䣬ʱȻǹΣģΪ£żԪͷ̹ʼʱ˵ġһУΪá
֮ţֻΪϲǸˣԸȥǸ˵Ļ
Ԫͷϲϲˣ̲ס˳С㣬ͷϲҵģԲԣ
ԼͷˣԷ˰죬ôһʲôʱˣԪֻ鰡ģʱãݺԪǶ⣬գ
һ֮£ʱѿڶˣϲǰ룡
ǰͬģòٸԪˣϲ˵ΪԪһףֱ˵ϲ룬ԪܶĴ룬岻ľݡ
ȻԪһŵؿʱ㣬̶ʮʧЦһСˣϲء
ǰڿˡʱֱԪѣ֪ô𣿡
ǸС˰ģԪǰչʾͨɫúѿ
ֻһСˣʱ㵱Ȼϲõ˴Եȥˣһ̥һ㣬һֲ£ܴƮɵζʱϲ룬ƺҲпܵġ
ǰġͷϣʱֻݺݴԪ˵ѻϣм䣬ֻ㿴
ǸʱһߣԪΪʱ֮󣬲ϲġ˭룬ѻϣȻˣôʱ֮ǰ͸ˣ
ԪһͬСɣе㡢㡢㡭̤
㻹ûϲ㣬ֻϲӣΪȡү÷ҳ
ԪҲô²ǣʼԸʱ㣬Ҳִزϳϣһģˡ
ʱ׿˵˳ԪֹȻ˵ƶ̶ž÷·ֻε֣еĹȶˣеʹ
֪ʱ˵ģǲŵؽеҲţƭҡӣýġҵ˵
˵ϲ룬ʱ㱾ʱ⣬ԪģҪˡ¶ʱ⣬ûô˴£ôκϽ뻹ھû
ԪˣԼµòӲţ˵ôͨӾǵݣǡಡһ±ɹˣҪʱٻʡ
ԼԪѯɽô˼˺ƣŽһһĴ죬ͳ϶ڵȼ䣬Ҫþɽ˵ʱӦԣź취ɽϮ̫ӵ¼ժ
Ȼûиʱģϵġ
ߣߣʱҲöһְġˣʱ㲻Ԫ̣Уǿź롣
ʱź룬ͷ߶룬ΪԼߡһûӰûӰʼûг֡
Ǻ룬ûһʹСָоʱ̫Ϥ޷ţһȥ٣룬Ҳźٻʱĸо͸һģһһ㲻ʹһĺ롣
ӦԼҪԼߣġΪʲôٻѵֳˣ
ʱɫѿԪʱʱû룬˿Ҿ֪ƭˣ˴նϳԵĻã
ʱȣʱ㼸ûٻ룬ܿˣ˵˽ǻͷ˵˵ЩɽˣЩʲôˣ
Ԫĵˣ֪شö¼˸ʱȻӦ֮ġ˽¡ͷϸ˵Ҳݱȣ治֪Щɽ˵ݡ
һֱɽˣ
ûСԪȻ񶨣ʲôЦĵϣôХ۳ɽˣ
ǾһǱںݣʱ˼Ų²˹עĶ˵Ӧ£˵жû£Ǳ̫ӷ֮ʣ̫ӡˣҲŻλ˭أ
Ԫʱ૵ķͷһеһ
Ǿ۵ĵճӣΪ̫Ӷʮ꣬ȴھʮ꣬Ϊ
Ҫ˵ϣ˭ͬһͬǵճӳͬ󱻰˳Ȩ
ͬǣǰĸ󣬷ִλ۶һЩ
ֱߣ̫֮λ󣬰ȥأٲء
˶ʮ̫ӣٵ۲֮ʱϣڸ⣬ֻ£Ϳ԰׵ǻˣκˣܸġ
˵˭λ˰Ҫˡ
ʱˣǰһô²
˵ɹʹߣǡԪ˵ûдʡ˵Ҫûءλˣǡı桹ˡ˵ˣҶǸһ޶λӣû׼ڹؼʱ򣬱ͱ
˵ԪͷԽ˼ģʱһ˹׼ͱģͱͱ̫ӣ
ת˼·ӵʥϺ̫ӵĽǶ룺Ȼѣ˳ںݣ϶ϰµģ˵ʱסȥ̫ӣλүõĲԣ
֮ںݣʲô˵֮乴˵֤ݣ춼˵塣
ˣԪʱͨеĹϣͬʱ
ô죿ţּͬʶԷ
ʱҪʵжϴɡ
ԪԣԴӣһԮԸüһ˵ţһ⼲ߣԸſеС˴ţүȥҪ죬ϣҪǣͽԺԶˣ
ʱȥҸһ𡣡
á
ʱˣ̫ߣ˼ˣһǶϡ
Ǽ̫ӵߣͨǵۣȥôӪ̫ӵģٽǵ죬˵ǿģ֤Чöܸ࣬õϴɡ
ã


38 
Ӫ
үӢ, ȴҲ֪أܿټȫǸľӢ, Լ, Ԫͽһ
ϣ, ռƣڵͷߡ
ĵ, ʱɽ, ݵĵεò, ء
, ǳԮ, Ҫá
Ԯϵ̫Ϯɽʱ, ɫѾһ̫ܿϮ֮һ·ˣһ·ֿһ·Ѫˮ, һ·ʬĲ״
⴦ɽǺͨﾰǵĹٵ, ֻǹٵ˫ɽƶ, ൱ͣǴĺõط
ǷﾰǵԶϽ, ĽͨҪ, ֻסŰŻôһĹٵƽʱûжٵߡ
үӢ̫Ϯĵصڵ֦ΧʮĵεƵòͼ, 콨飺ûбҪнһ, һɽѭ̫ӳ˵·׷ȥ, ʣµĽֳɼɣ·һƬȫڣ̫Ӵĸˣ⼸ɽӭͷԮͬʱҲԴӶɽˡ
Ӣڼͼϻ˼б·ߣ˼·ηֱϻս
УؼǶڵεòϤܶݾС·ҪǽǱǾԲ֪ģҲǳӢķֱϻ֮Ļ͹ؼ
սӢͷߵҪ壬ӵ¡
˳̫ӣеãûûо̫ӣⷬٶм֤Ҳ޶ȵϴɡ
ҲóӢսУܿѽֳ˼ɣţС·ɽ壬Գܶͷ죬СӳԪԼʱ㶼ѡβ̫ӵĳ˷׷ȥ
̫ûŹٵܣɽˡ̫ӵĳ·ߣһ·ʬѪǶɽˣɼ̱֮£սҡ
ЩֻˣûںţȱǴϲæָ̫ӵ·
ɽһˣѰİȫˡϸ֮£һЩǵսһЩ֪֮ӳ죬
ڽӵµĲ鿴֮Щɽˣʿ±ץѶ͸¶ӵݡ
̲סһߴ׷ȥһĸ˸ӣʿ̫ӵ֣ȵ²ʬΣ죬ǰ׷¿ǧܳ⣡
ԪʱһۣĵȻͱģ̫Ҫںݣɽ޶֤϶Ѳ˸ϵٿĪ硣
һ·׷ȥ֮ʬ･̫ӵйԱʱͷȻ˺ܲõԤУʦ̫ӵп䣬᲻ҲʿĶ֣
ʱУһֱȱͬԳĹذͽ̻壬޷º޷ȰֲʧĽ̵ĳϦദ֪УʱѾ޷ΪһһǻĽ֮顣
һ뵽ʦп⣬ʱԽļ٣һͷǰܣܵ˶ǰλá
Ԫʱ⣬Ҳʱǰ壬ʱ㲻Ҫǰ壬ôǰ档
һʿϣ֮ǵģ̫ӣҲҪôƴѽǣԪҲûڸʱƢЩȰֻøʱǰ塣
ʱһܣһ߲ͣϵĺ룬һ롭롭ʱôߣʲô¶ֻҪ߾ͺãܰһЩֲܲ̿
ɫǵȼѣǰٶȡʱ㣬޷Żѣߵ˶ǰȷһŶǰ
׷һ·ϱɱ̫йԱУûз޷ʱȶЩ
ôʱԼսԼûˣˣʱʱػعͷߴٺĽϡ
ʵʱѾ۵ÿ̱ˣֻһ޷֧š
꣬ԪᣬΪ˴ʱ䣬Լں˼룬ŸϵʦЩȭϰˣ
ۿʱ۵ţζᣬڷǰ壬ԪֻʱԮ̫ӣֵôôҪΪϴѹɽˡɣ¸жǸܵʱȻûиǺı£ʱΪá
ԼĵˣһһжӪ̫ӵĹУôԱֵòʱأ
ʱҪ۵ʱԪ֣ȵطסᶨһǰ塣
ɽϵֳ֮䣬ѭ̫ܵ·ߣ׷һʱڶʱ9ҡǰԼĽ꽻֮
ˣ񣬻д֮˵˻û
̫ӽĻ򶷣ܴ򶷵ģض̫ߵĶɴƶϣ̫Ӷ뻹û
촫Ѿ񣬷֮ķ˹ȥ
ʱ㻹ųȥ޿̵Ԫһŵ㣬ѽȽͷ󡣡ޱе˳ȥô
һʱȫƾֵ֧ڣʵ۵߲ˣÿԪţʱҲ֪ԼûɱУȥǣʱԪţڽͷ飬Ҳų˹ȥ
Ϊɽ˶̱ӻһ˺ɱ룬һɽûгȥǱ߱ȻܼĽ꽻ʹҺ֮
ţҵ̫ӵˣ
Ȼд߽ݾĽ˹Щβ̫·ߣ׷Ľһҵ̫ӡ
ǰԮˣһллأ̫û£
̫ûµȻãʱ޷ѽһֻһĶᵽɤϡԪǰȥ
Լ̫ӡѾûˣ㡭Ҫ̫żˣǡЪЪԪҲ۵òˡԼʱ㻹ı֣Ѿͽ쿴̫
ҡ롭򡭡ʱ㴭òУ˵һȫĻֻܰԪϣǰߡ
ʱҪŸȥ̫ӣԪϰʱһҪ᲻þܾһߴţһ߷ʱǰߡ
ɽ˱ǰɽҼлɱ̫ӵļƻܴɡʱԪܹȥʱɽѾɱòˣֻǼɽͷԴ󷢣񿳽䡣
̫ӱǽм䣬ʱ۾ɨһȦû޷ʦǲǸ̫һ𣬱ǽм䣿
ڳ֮ˣ̫Ϊʱ㲻Ⱥʦڽǽе¡
ԪʱֵƣִֶӣԵԪʲǰԮ¡ɻã
ڽǽػ֮£֪ɽѾǰԮĽɱòˣ̫ӵ飬лǰĽÿһ죬˵ô㣿˶٣ʵأ
ȻϮ̫ȷʵǳǰ˼װɽˣû뵽ᵱ˻ԴɽԮԤϡ
̫ڽǽԪæʱ񣺡Ԫ£Ž󡭡
ಡһ죬һ֧Ӹһ֦Ҷï
ݣ


39 
Ԫһ
, Ѹٵ̫ǰһǽ
Ԫڵϻػ, Ҳ, ̫ǰôأôǽ, 򶨵عڵϣѻ˵꣺͵
ʱڸŹ֮, ̧ͷ, ̫ȥ, 뿴޷Ρ
ϧ, ס, ƺֻһ̫, ̫߲ûˣ
޷̫ߣ
ʱ㵣޷˲ʧ񣬳Ԫػ, 㶫, 뿴ʦӰ
֮ʱ, ʱÿһ֧˹ǸϽס̫, , ʱĽǶǼԪģƫԪڹڵû
ʱ룬Ȼһ, Ԫ˿ȥ, ȴƣ֮, סһ¸Ԫλϡ
ֻоһӲӲģĶƿƤ⣬ز壬ķ
ʹǺʹʱܸоѪ˳ȥ;һ˳ȥ
ʱãЩˣʲô롣
ţǿϵɽ˷˹лڶ
ԪȻʱһƿˤΪʱҪ̫ӸǰʧǣͷЩð𣺡ʲô
һתͷʱ㸩ſԼղŵλϣбһֻѪһɹðȾʱ㱳ϵ
Ԫе£һ̫ӵôʱмˣֻһܿԪ˹һѽʱƿԼȴûбܿ
̶ԪŸоһ˺ѷεʹϮͷţʱ㱧ڻҰμҷ¼ƣͬʱ˻У򣡿д죡죡
̫ˣԮȣϵش֮ʱеĴҽͯˡ
Ƕڶ棬ھҴĶ˱ͷԶľ룬һ͵
ϽȥҴԪſԼʱ㣬ϵѪסһɹðֻȥ˿ڣʵʹʹ
ʱͷԪź죬˵ʲôȴ
ʱϢ΢ȥ񡭡񡭡ԹɱţʱظоѪһţ
ԱһЩ߾սɱ˾Ľ䣬׷˵ιˮ°ɡ
ԪͷԤУ˵Ļپʹ飬ֳֻܱǿһɹӿͷĸһιʱˮһοС㣬㣬ûµģϾˡ
ʱʵòУȹˮܷҡҡʵ¡ʦôˣǣҵ¡
ʧ޷ȸʦʱҪˣ֮ʣϣ˵ȷϢ
̫ߣ˼±ʱ㣺̫翴ˣɽԵԼйԱܲãйԱ޷ʱ򣬱˶顣ɽҪ׷ɱ̫ӣɢйԱˣ˳ɱ֮йԱѰ׷ɱ
²ӦҵطˣֻҪûʬ壬
Щʱڴһһģضһֱֵͷʧˣʱȥ
ԪʹԸϽȥʱ㻹ʲôԸ
ʱϢԽԽ΢ſţԪֻŬսԪ֣˵ҡûбѹֻҵķӡȴҡҴû˺һУΪáҪҰˡ
֪Ҷ֪ġ㲻ǰǣǣԺ˭ǣҸû꣡
ʱ˵Щ۾նһһشԪ֪ʱڼŵȴ޷Ϣһǽиȥˡ
ʱ΢̾ϢԲ𡭡ǡ㡣
ûûСԪʵԸģԸġС㣬ûֹ㣬ûУ
ϲʱ㣬Ըʱ㣬ʱȻ֪ʱνϲһĿĵƭ֮¡

ڣأ
ڡֵܡϣ롭㡭¡
ԪŬסˮˮǲߵһʱ㱳ϣѪˮʲô£ֻ˵ҶӦӦ
ҡҡչʦʱܸоԼʶزܿƣµȲ޷ˡ
Ԫֱͷãһչ˺
ʱϣǣңõԪĴ𸴣ʱģʶԽԽģڻ֮С
ϡ֮У·ʱ⵹ʦһΪͶЧʦ׻׻̵ĸ
Ȼص˰ȹʮ괺ʮꡣ
˵ǿֵģҸģǵġĸף̣ͬҪģԪ
ص˽𴨣ص˼磬ﵽˣ˻Циףĸףд磬н㡣
ʱţǵòѾʱԺԽԽģˣֻǴ˿̣ʱ֡ǵӣĸ׶ᣬŶʮӣĸ״ȹϱķʽϱױݣޣ꣬ССҡͷԵرѧƪģ꣬ŰͷСȹӣŤŴ󲮼ҵý㷭
ǼңһԲˡ
ʱʶ૵ǡӣĸӣֵܣܡ
ֻϧ仰û꣬ʱԪظоʱı仯ʱû˱˵ãС㣬±ӣǻֵܡĬĬһ䣺ǰԵ
޷ţҴҸϹʱֻСӣͦű§ſŵʱ㣬ʱ㱳бһ֦
С㣡޷һ±ˣڵأݺᣬ޵ôض㣬׷ͺڷˣ֮飬ڳΧ۵ĽΪ֮ݣֻʦ
ʵ޷ӱģԲʦûбʦµѪ֮ʲôĿȥȪ֮µʦ
ֻǲδѩֱ׵ؿʦֻһ޺С㰡С㰡ͷһ޺ʦʦ
ֻСذ֧ʱļʸȡ˳֪ûҪˣǻǸʱϴ˿ڡ
ֱʱԪŰʱӵԼ壬ůʱ㽥ȴӲ塣
ȫ֮£ȫӪ̫ӵĺˣʱ壬ɽϣһҹ
Ԫ˵Ȱ˵£ʱʬɽظ
Ϊаͷ߳ıߣһŽһĳɽ֮·ȫˣԵȫɽˡ
ϧǣɽ˻սǷԾûһڡ
Ҷ֪ɽ˲ɽˣһȺʿĳʹģһ̫ӵģԤıĴɱǣûлڣҲûܴѳɽ˰鲻ȥˣӴ˳Ϊ
ڰӪ̫ӹеı֣ܺõϴʹɡ
Ȼ鷳عԼǣȥֻҪı֮ģһ¡
̫ڰѮ֮һͣ˷ﾰǡ
޷ΪԼĵɥ¡


40 
̨С
ʱǰûж, ֱţҲûһˡԪΪʱɥǣġ
, ޷ɥ, ͳ棬ϵӷ׷ǰ, ϵǵⷬٶִྴĽѧ, Ҳҷ׷׵ĸǰ, ԱԼԲĳ羴֮⡣
, ʱɥǰñȰɥǻ¡棡ǰ֮, ﲻ, вø߹, ҲнĿѧӡ
Щܹǰ죬Ҫһԭǰްˣ̫׳ּ, ֳ̬, , һֱĹٳɱˡ
ɱ֮󣬴ҿ޷, ǰ޷ĵ, 㲻ʲôɻˡ
ʮģµۼݱʮ̫ǰλ, еǻ䡣
ʷأԪ궬, ı, ּնף׹ࡣ
ʷļضܼԼƽһ¼İˣϢ֮ʱȴ˾Ϻˡ
ݲʷСϢӭȢϱղǰȥףأȻѣ˳ҡ
ղų֤ؾϳʣ۷ּն壬Ｐ׾죬䣬ūˡ
ˣ֤ݣ֤ûп죬ʥּˡ
£̣²̫ӵ׼Ըǰֶΰɣ
ûвʱ㼰ʱֹ£ǵ³᲻³һ
òϣۣµۣλʵۣһһǿƣһһ塣
һ룬˼Ⱦõľ־ֽҡҺãһųѣˣһΪõĲʱ㡣
ģӳӢɥϮδظ
괺ּΪѩٸԭְ֮⣬׷̫ʦ׷ĳɣ̫
궬ӳӢšķּң󷿣ķݡ
ԭ֮ӳԪɥϮ
Ϯ֮󣬳Ԫĵһ£ǷּңЩֵܸǰ̡ܾǨطﾰǣʾԸһֱںݡ
ʮһ꣬ԪްʮжһδȢδá
.
.
ʱСڷ̨ϣҳһţûж
ҳһŵģǧﾭЩ£Ƕԣ緢£СӹҼˣһ㣬ˣ͹ˣ档
ʱСķǣ½֮ʱʱݣ½һ
ʦ޷ͶЧ
ڰԪΪ飬ֳɳʮꡣ
ڼ׺ĸףͽ㣬ԼһҸʱڡ
ǧһ˵ʱݵýˡ
ǣûУ
ļ֮˴һ̨ȥʱѾˣһϢȫ֮
ңҲûз·һУһ׼ܵġ
׹֮ʱܵԼйɼŨҴĿĽɫس˳ȥ
ҪΪһĶڳȥͷ·壬ÿÿ˺ѡ
ʹǵصûĵɨǹɽɫÿȡһ㣬ǰһ㣬֧顣
ǹɽɫȫߣһ΢Ʈޱ޼ʵĺڰС
¸̨֮ԼڴɱķظһȺ˺ɱȺ˴ʮԼһǻµľģһȺսϵˣŬţĪľģҪһȺȫɱ
Ⱥ˵ʮָӣзŭҲʹϧбˡ
֪ɱ˶ã·һûоͷɱ¾ɱƣߣɱˣɱᡭ
֮Կ϶Լļ䣬Ϊǳ޾ɱ¾У˽ʱ㡭ʱ񡭡
ʱ㣬ͣ£࣬һݣʱ̫Զʱǲòˣ֪ԼѣһӪˡ
ǧļȻôοɾɲļ䣡
ʱݵĹģǺ£ģȷ¡ԣɱˣ˸̨
ĸ̨ʱ̨ġеĸ̨̨˵̨̨ĽƲ࣬ͨ򷲳ͨ
̨½;̨˱·ͨ
ʱСڷ̨ãվȻȥ̨֤һԼļ䡣
ɵ̨ʱСΪԼῴĻ߾󣬲룬ʱ㿴ģֻһ̨Ƶĸ̨
ͬǣ̨λ콫أÿһλ½ɶҪֻ̨һλСɸɨҳ
λɨ̨ĺСɣʱСԵúЩ⣬ǰ˵̨СЩҪȥˡ
ʱСɵ̨̽ͷȥƣʲôĵطȴһѹϢĸо
СɸϽʱС˵̨һ󷨣Գ裬޳ɹǣһȥͻ޷طͥ
ǹɱȥĶҫŽɫǾ衣ѵ񣬶ɣŨҶĿɫ϶һλƷ׺ܸߵ
ѵεֻУһΣΪͥ
ΪߺͷߵռĿꡣԼΪ֮ȴ̨ȥһ裬ֻأΪ˷һСɣ
ɵӲŸִ¡
ʱֻԼˣξ½䣬ִζļ䡣һʱ𣬿ЦƵʺСɣʱɨ۸ĻҳҪǲСĵȥˣզ죿
СЦˣԵʮģû£а취Ӧ
ʱͷʵػ̨೤ʱˣ
С̧ͷߣãȻ˼һŵоꡭʮꡭ˵ʮһɣǲˡ
ʱһ벻λСɻǰءʵǵһ̨˭
һأСһû˼ɷ½磬ͥ¡Ҵɨ̨Щ꣬û
ʱһƨ̨ϣʺСɣɨʮˣôı¸Ϊְɨ˼̨һǸûˮְ
Сʱ£ƽʱûʲôԵ̸ߡ
ȴƽǱ˾ģȻ˭Ըһֱţ
̨˾Ͻ
һֱʱ㶼Ϊ̨̨̨һɸϽ
СɺǺǵЦƺЦʱС̫ûмʶˣôĳʶ֪
ʱòܡͷš
СɵţֻҪ䣬һֱɨ̨ɣ
ͽ̰ҡ
ʱЩͬ飺ôף
СЦˣʱ㣬˵Ҫлл㡣
лңŵһμСɣԷļ䣬ԷҪлСɱɨ̨Ǽįѩѽ
ǰҲͷȴ£ɨֻ̨õ΢ĹºΪңңڣɥҪҪǷѣҶͷˡ
СɿʱС˵˵иʱСɷԸκְֻԼҪԼ£˵ɡ
ʱ㣬˵벻ʱСɣǾŴ׹


41 
˼䲻ֵ
ʱЩ˼ЦҸһ, ǸСɣû׼ΪûߣĪҿ˵Щ, ͵ҷƨ
Сɼ, ׵ôǷƨأ⻰һ±㿪ˡҸҪӪӪȥףǷ, Ϊң𣿡
ͥгǧ, ׿, Լ, мܰ⻰˵, ֻһ
㻰, Ҿ, ҲҪһȥ׷ԼϲģԼҪӡҾʹɨ̨ÿдѵʱ, Լϲ, ðҲԹ˾ˡ
ʱ벻Լһ仰, ԺСɲôӰ졣
Щ, Ͻתƻ, ʺСڱ̨֮ǰ¡
ɨɸ󡣡
ѽҪ׼ɨ£
Ͼ, ʱֻͷ, û˵, תΪʲô˾ͷ
С˵Լ̲ס棬ɸ¼λɵɲᡣ
˶٣
С˵ɨɸǼʮְֿΨһȤ͵ɲᡣ
ΪɲصƽһЩʮ־ʣл漰ܶ಻Ϊ֪ء
Լ͵꣬ɲᶼòˡ
һʢϣΪĳ£Ƿֳɣ۲ݣ̲סۣб¶͵ɲʵ
ɨ̨ʮһ꣬ɨ̨꣬λСǷʮˣ
Сɵţʮˡǰʮ궼׻ˡʱ㣬鲻⣬ȥݷ㡣
ѽʱָС˼䣬ת뿪ȥ
Լ½Ԫɾ٣ǳڹҪȥκϸʲô
ʱСɵѾ·ˣ벻һȴڹſ˶ӣŵСͯڱչأŲͣСһ
չأ
ʱ㲻룺Լһ꣬뼸ʱչأôԼ֮ʱչأ
ͷʣ˳
ŵͯص˾ͷˣ̣̣֮ˡ
ʱһ̣ʲôˣ
ͯЩηηؿʱ㣬ڻΪСɣΥǰθ½磬½
ʱ½磬ǵ֮£ʱص磬Ҫͯ˵ʱʲô£Ϊʲô
Ȼ֮䣬ʱҲˣΪʲôȥ޷ţȥʩ÷ʧ˽ꡣ
ΪȻûʩչΪı£Ѳʹһܲһ˾ͷˡ
ԣȥʱʱһָоˣ˾
ν̣֮ʵ̷еһ̷ֺ֣֣̣ܶҪ׵ĺףҪ˵Ļ塣
Ҫףϻ˸ҪĿţܵĳͷ϶ء
ֲ˾أ
Ȼˣϲʲôֻǻ˸Ϸϣ֢״űȽԡ
ʵ½磬ǲ֮£ᱻѲʹ֡
ָڷʩչ˷ָΪֱʹĳЩעᷢ飬ı˺
磬һҹԪɾԣǿû֣ʲô
ǣӱܲġΪԪĽ殣ȡҲòԪľءѻ֮£һᷢ
磺ûæţԼ˭ţ޷ԼԼܰĿ
ǣĸ׻֮ᱻѺ޷ΪʦͶЧȴʱЩ£ᷢ
ٱ磺ûдǰôǰȥ̫ʾִ֮ǰȡ㹻ʱ˵Ծ
ǣԴӺݵﾰǵĻ̶ȣҲƥţֻԼȥĽų̣ȴнٶȿ٣ûʱ˵ʦԻĴۣͼıȼƻȴˡһ¡
ǰǰν
ʱ㻹ǵãеʱ֪˵ԼֻҪʩչû£û
ԼͶ̥½磬Ǹ½磬᲻֪еⲻ֪ʷɵɵѽ
ֵɽѾ֮ǰԼٻ룬ֻǻѲʹץ˾˰ɣ
ʱſڵһŵͯʱ㴫˵˵ʱСɻˣʱˣʱСԱ㡣
벻֪Լˣ׼һˣȥ½ػԼ
ֻ׶ɵƲᰡ
ؼԼ½٣ȥʲôִ֣յԼͷֵֵѽɵ˰ģ
ʱ㲻֪ΪʲôòУ±Ҫﴳ
̫΢ˣܿ㱻ع⣬ٽһ
һ£ʱˣڲعⷨôôֻʲôʱôˣ
ʱվڹе룬󱿵
ʱԼĶøԼĶȡֱ֣ӽСʱ
½ʮ죬һжû䡣ʱŪһݲݣֶŪһèȸĩˣЩûɵϣﱻμķҡ
μ̫ˡ
ʱ㲻֪μ䣬Լļ䣬Ǳ˵ļ䡣
˵Լļ䣬ÿһϽˣڷ֮ʱԼеǰʱؼǵã֮ʱģԼģǰûξ
˵Ǳ˵ļ䣬ôԼ½֮ʵʱ˵ںһμö˽Լʱ񡹣ѵһ񣬸Լͬͬգ
ôһλͬͬյΪʲôû˸ἰ
ǣʱĸôУ·һ㣬ôǱ˵ļ䣿
˹գǰݷãʱϽӭҿ˿ɶˡ
ʱѾˣԼ֣ȣ½٣ȥʲô
뿴ۡЦţ˵һ
ʱ룬ɵó£ߣ뿴ҳûšе˵γְңԼ̣˵ɵɵ
ЦЦӣЦаƵĶ⡣Ը⿴ί
ʱɲԻЦٸװۣûáỌ̇̄ΪѽΪ½£ֵ̣ѽ
ֵá˼䲻ֵãֵá죬СֹʱɹϽȲ裬װԼʲôû˵ֻǷ˸ƨӡ
½£ֵҲֵϸϸã˱ˡ
Ȼ˵½֮£ֵ棬ʱѵ£ϲЩ½ļȤ¡
ʵǵ̬
˵ǳӣʵҲ䣬ͬ١ǻƷײͬвͬȵⱾƴ׷ġ
õȴ־üįģȤý
ΪȤҵӣÿһС£Ϊʱ̸ʣöãᴫ÷з


2
׸


42 
ڵ
˵, ŮǶʮְԣҲʮ־аԾ, һС, ܱǸչͨǳܶ౻, ˣÿһС, ôҽֵá
˰, ϲɵһƽʱ, Ǹ, ίʵ, ÿһʱ, ȥμһԸĿ罻ԣҵӡ
, ʵһȺܿ, ־аԾĹ
۹½Ȥ, ĵĿ˵Ѿɽ˾ǰ룬׼½١
ʱ㾪תͷ, ҲԼ, ˵ɽ˾Ѿͨˡʱ㣬½ٰɡ
ʱ룬ƺûлعζ
ʵ, ⲻһʱԼ١ϴȰʱɽ, Сɶ, ζԵʹʱÿЦ˼
һΣʱİۣɾ˵
֪ôģʱԺ½ʱְ͹ػ
ֹԪǿţ֮⣬뻹֮ʱ֣ȻûгֱȰοᶨ;ġ
ԼͶ̥½磬ǵ֮£Ȼᱻ쳾֮ûʧ½٣ҪľѰѡ
Ǹ½磬һжǵãȴԶԼֳĹĺᣬ˺ԼͲѰˡ
һֱʱ㲻ԸȥЩѰֻ֮ʲôûз
ٴʱʱãΥͥ½֮ǣø˽ᡣ
Ƭ֮ʱͷáǸɴˣǷ˽ᣬʵɽ˾ʲôʱ½磿
˵ûţٶ֮󡣡
ٶ֮ʲôţѵ½ٻҪŶӣ
˵ǰ棬ٶλɵ½١˼ǣʱǰٶλ٣Ȼֵ
ʱȻԼӣ
½һ㲻棬ʱ㱾׼ζԵʹɴְΪԪɾδع磬ζԵ񻹲ᣬţûȥְ
ôһӦ룬͵ðǰٶλɶɹ֮󣬲ֵ롣
ʱãֱӰеķв裬롣ȴ̧ۣһµסһۣӣЦĪĪ͵½ʶЩ£ЩǸô
ٶ½ֻأһֱϣͨٶε½磬ܻʱ㱻ӡļ䡣
.
˼죬СǰʱݷãʱԾóʮ͡
Сɺɽ裬ţⲻͨķɲ裬ʮ̣
ġ֦⣬ġ
ʱ㻹û˵꣬СȻ״Ŷѽóͣ
ԴΪ⣬֪ôģ㳶ɲȥˡʱźСȥԼģҪɲݣյ˵ԼôҲҲᷱˡ
СɶǰݻƵɲݣã˸Ƶģ˵ʱ㣬ʮ𣿡
С
һЩߣҸܡ
ʱźСɳ˶Сһ·ƣʱִ̨
̽ͷۣƣʲôֻס
С̨߳һӲݣʱ㣬㿴ϸˡӲ̨
ʱɴ۾ʲôûпӲݣʱ㻹ʲôûӣûз֣̲סҪҿʲô
ҲֱӸ㣬ԼУ㿴ʱ򣬰
СӲݣʱԼӲ̨ۣͨ׹ȥ֮ʱۻ˸һɺ⡣ֻǺü죬һ㲻ˡ
С˵Ą֮̊́⣬޹ǵģⲻܡ
Ҫҿʲô
Ǻ˸֮䣬ʲô󡣡
ʱԼˮƽע˫Ŀ֮УӲݣʱ㿴ں֮УһƼǳں֮뵿ںʧ֮ǰ
ҿˣʲô
ʲôСɷʡ
ʱ룬˵һԼŵĽۣɹǣ
˵ǽɫģʣɹǱһɫԽŨԽԽ׳ԽʢΪԽƷԽߣǣСȥģӲݣӲôɹǣ
һ޵жϣӲݵɹǺ١
ʼҲţС˵ӵöˣֻţʵ˵ţְһӲͶ̨
׼ʱȫע˫֮УһΣܹȽؿȷʵһƼǳ̨󷨣Ӳ˳
ôӲݣ
ұɨ̨һԹӲݽۣ˾Цӵöˣע⵽ˡ
Ƶʱ㣺˵ΪʲôӲɹǣ
ʱѾ˼ˣɵ˵ЩӲݣ٣ɹǡ
СɴЦӻӲݶɹǵġָ꣬߹ܶɣ˸óͬĽۣǳЦ
ǿģܵδйģĵľ޴ϲá
̨ΧӲɹǣ˵ɱ̨ʱ̨޹֮ʣЩɹƮ˳ɢӲݴȥˡʱ㲻ܣúôʵóӻӲݽɹǵĽϽ
СɿĵЩҴӺܶطӻӲӹͶۣ֤ɹǵġ
һͶЩɻɲɹȥۣ뿴ûɹǡţЩƷ׵ĻݣûõƷ׵ġ
أ
ۣĻݲ棬жɹǡӲݵǳͽɲݵŨö࣬һ۾ܿ
ʱʵɲݣʲôϵ
˵ô࣬û򵽹ؼЩеʣ˵ɹǴڵĻʲô
ʱشԼ˵˴𰸣ȵлѽ
˻壬Ŀԡ
һӲҲлڣ
ɣӲɹǶţӲлˡ
ʱֻأУĳǧֻϺܵͼܱ΢Ķֲ
ʱǳȻӲҲл˵˵ԣɲݡǣҲȷǲɲݣҲпӲݡ˵ǲҲлģҿŸ幵ͨ
Լڤ˼˼£Ҳ֮⣬±㱻Сɽˣʱֻһ泩ޱȣСӴЦ⡣
ЦˣʱʣҴʮʲô
һֱ룬ɲУ޳ɹǣôǲǿԳ裿ʮΪõ۾Ϣ󣬲ųΪ裬ϽӦƷͶۣܴܲӲҶ
СºܸߣùʱСͲץһѣ㳯̨Ͷȥ
ʱ㱾ߺܣͲʮԼģûеõ۾Ϣֻ³ɹǣ衣
ֻǺСɶ̫죬ʱ˵ֻøСһۡ


43 
Ԫɾ
, һźĹЮһŨĽ⣬ɿһţ
裡СɿЩ㶣ǽĳɫ񼶱, ۾Ϣѽ, ƷеƷ
ʱҲһЩ㶣ʮ, ûеõ۾Ϣô裿
ʱֻǴһ, ܿȻˣʮȻԼ, Լʮ̲, Ǵ۾޹ʮĲժһ֦֦, űƷ, ûϢ, Ʒ
ʲôʮ۾Ϣ˻Ϊ̲ͨĴԣǼٵİɣ
ʱȻˣСȴˣѽ, Ұʮ, ﲻȣʱӲͲﵹѵĲҶ, ȫˣ, ʹɽ, ĸһأ
ʮ̺裬Ҳ˵Ҳлģǻ
Ϊʲôܳԣʮóһ, ѲͲĲ赹һ, һ˵Գؾ, ǾܿǡˮĻˮ
ʱ㻹˼㽨ҸɲݵĻ年ͨ
ŶұòɲݵĻľйͨɲǻģĻ϶žǲ֪ûпǡҶл壬϶ûо޷
С˵ԻذѲҶһΪװеĲҶԼֻʣСͲҶĲͲݻʱ㣺ƷҶúúƷ
ʱûӣϲ͸㡣
ܶ˵ѲͲл
ˣ᲻Ӱ쵽ʱԼֻصǰоԼĻǳ΢·Ҫɢӣ˹ļ䣬Ҳǳģ
ǵȻС˵ˮɿݵһ̶ȣͻȫˣ϶ûƤ֮棬ë֮ɸ߰ɣ㶴Ȳȥ
ţ֪ࡣʱԵ̾
þö
ʱ̨ӿһʣܣ֪ȡɹǣȥ
Сɱʵһ㶣ȫû⣬룬ʮֲȷ˵ţܣɢ˰ɡ
ܣʱСûأʮֿ϶˵ôĶôɢǱˣչ鼺ã᲻ΪͲÿˡ
Ǳʱ˵סˣСɿʱ㣬źϺϣ˵
֪뵽ʲôɫԽԽ԰ףãСɲŶ촽˵ǣ԰ѱ˵ɹչ鼺ãǡǡ粻ˣǸ½ĶһǿʳСɣʲô·
ʱʧЦˣĺСɣʲôأ½뷷γɵģɵɼɸģɹɼӳ֣㱻˳ˡ
һ룬ҲԣĿڣ˳˼·ȥû뵽ɼӳ֣һŵˡ
ʱֻͷ̨˵ΨһһܳɹǵĻᣬۡÿһˣڱ½֮ʱᱻݶɼʧȥɼļӳ֣ʱŻᱻ裬޳ɹǡ
ʱ㲻룺ɼӳֵ£̨֪ܲܳ޹ǣ
Ʋⲻ֤
û˭̨棿ҪǷǿмӳֵҲܳ޹ǣôȥɲ군ˣ
Ҹ񼫵飬Ҫǲݶɼȥʱûܳ޹ǣǸ˲öñػ磬ѪûܵõӦеĳͷ
Ҫ鷨мӳֵܲܳ޹ǵڣ
ʱԳһЦԼţǼˣתͷСһͬ뿪
.
.
ĳգʱڳԸɲݵĻ年֮ͨʱպȻµɫĹ֮⡣ʱֻ̩ͨʣ޲ǹ֮ҫʮذ˻ء
ʱ֪϶ԪɾٹˡӣԼˣҲ˵Ԫɾ½˰ʮꡭ
֣ôãαذ
ʱ㰵̡
ԪɾȻˣôԼܿҪӵһˡ
Ҫٶ֮󣬲ֵõ룬ʱͷ
ǣһԣ׷ʱͷ벻Ӱ
ɶĻǸѣȴôһӣҪٶɶɽ٣Ҫ㵽£
ߺߣֵʱҪݺݺʹʹ
㻹ҸڿӲ
Ȼ˼죬ľСɰһøʱ㣬̨ͨ½ƣϸһںʱʱ½ʱ̡
ʱһ½ʱ̣ʱʱ仹磬ѶĻݲݣչһ飬Ȼˡ
ʱƣ̨ȥ
󣬼ʻһ·һӰʱһ·ȥȴöɼƣͬһȥ
ʱ㲻֪˺£ŷ½ʱ磬ŷɹȥ
һɷɽһǺݻĶʱһʣ֪ǷܲԪټ
ԪһǶ޵һϵеŮɾơ
ǸһԵ簡ɾһ𣬽Ϣᡣ
ʱһûȤˣߣҵܲԪ룬ȴ˴Ԫɾ·ꡣ
ԪɾĿƵضʱ㡣ʱͷֱ飬װʲô¶ûзһ㣬ԪɾʺãԪɾߣԪɾֱͦͦסȥ·ʱ㡣
ʱëȻóǰ˵ҡҡСָ½ˣǡ
ԪɾĿһæм仰һֱ㣬ᵣ½ʱ̡
ԪɾôȻԪɾ죬ѽʱεȫӲҲ˵
ԪȴȻذʱԱһѰ˸̫עĿĽ䣬ôʵʱ㡭С㡭
С֣ʱһƤ񣬸Ͻȥ½£½ˣɾء
ʱƺԪɾ̾Ϣһֲʮȷ̶Ԫɾʵʱ㣬㣬½磬ϲң
ûСԪɾʻʱظоԪɾѾٹƺԾϲԼδ顣ɲɣʱӲػش
Ҫٶλ٣ǶÿһλɵϲӦɺˣ
ԪɾƵشǣһһΪãô࣬Ϊҵϲңǰزϲҵģ԰ɣ
Ԫɾ٣ǰˡʲôû򣬻ղ
ʱûش½Ѿ˵úˣΪãΪ˱Ҹ㵲Ϊұ硣ŶΪԪǲʱı磬÷һ𳤴󣬲ʱ㲻ܼȡϲϲûϵ
ϲҵģҸоóԪɾĿ̺ӯӯĲε⡣
ʱԪɾ½磬ɾѰɣߣǶԵʹһһϷˣڻع磬һжˡ
ҡ֪ٽˣҲʱ㣬ߺʮ꣬ûһ첻㡭
ˣôԽ˵ԽˣʱյɾҪòʱϲ˭룬ǳԪ


44 
һһϷ
ԪɾȻһݡص, ȻѾ֪ͨ½磬һţı˺ܶ, úܶ÷, ûз
ûĺһţҲ, ȫһ̺ͽ֣˵ƽ
˿ʱ׿ٴγ, ϲ, Ԫɾֻһŭͷð, Ҫɵ, ״˽Ը½, ҵ١
ʱһͷֹԪɾ۸״, ܵ˾𷣡
һʱԪɾǰеһʱ, ʲôʸֹԪɾ״
ԪЦŴǣȻϲѽ, ֻϧֻϧ, ĸ֮
ȻһֱɵòȻκ˶Ц, һܺ׽, ǣĽȻˡ, ɶȥ
ΪֻԶ, ĸ֮˭ҪҴ, ȡ裬Ƿնѡ
ԪɾȰʱģߣסˣ룺ҶһƬģȴģȻϲǺãҲĵζƣۣǶжĥ
ˣԪɾ֮ͣʱһ䣬ȥչ˸շСˣҪץסᣬŶ
ʱ²Ԫɾ˼ֻǰһ̻ھԼһ̱Լȥ׷λԪɾ˵˵ģӲ壬вɣ
˵Լϲ룬½絽磬ʱ㡾СɡΪ˰Ԫɾ롾񡿳ơ
ʱ㱾һ£ûǳŶԷв֮ʱ˳飬õʵݲźã˵лɾȣԸ֮ɾҪȥɵ״˰ɣ
Ԫɾδÿɷ˷ܲԪЦӯӯ˵ӴǲԪɾ½ٻʲôջ񡣡
ܲԪһ߹һչƳʱ㣬ЦʱСɰһһᡣ˵ʱСƷΪߣߣһɵ벻ʱСɴءСɽܹ己죬ССѽ
ܲԪⷬǹĻΧɷ׷˹
СվñȽϽЦԪɾǸողٻһָʱСɴһֹʲôأõúÿĵӡѲɣ½绹ûȹص磬Ҫٯٯ
ֻ۾ҸԪɾ˵úÿˣ
ţ껲СеˣˣղʱСɺһԪɾǲ£Ԫɾʲô
ʲô
껲Сѧʱм˼еСɽɾѽСɽеó
һЦһЦʱԪһЦ껲С񣺡˭֪ʱڻİɣ
Ԫɾһ˵λ඼½ٵģ֪棬½£½ˣ½𲻿ɴ磬ɶԶɽʹĻޡղֻʱСɵл½һ⣬˶ѡ
ʱô˻ᣬҾֵСɵ½ʱ쵽ˣǡ˵꣬ɵķӦת֮زز
ʱһ뿪ܲԪԪɾԪл㣬ԴԪɾȥ
λ뿪ˣֳ껲С˵죬ǰһЩǶ˵ʲô
£껲Сʩչʱ֮һλʩչ׽Ӱ֮껲Сʱ￴ľͶӰɿʵؿԪɾʱС֮л
ϧλ˳ʼĺ֮⣬ȫ̴ֻܴλ˵ķḻУ˵״̬Ҳܡ
ԪɾһӻҪ˵˵ݵӣ֮϶˵壬è塣
СɺٺЦţȷԼĿ֮䣬ŶֻǵлΪʲôҪʶܣѽ
ɷ׷׸ϣȻʼ˸ԵͷԷ籩Լϲãȥ²ԪɾʱСܷ֮˺¼
һ߳ɹ۲ڵԡ
.
ܲԪԪɾһ֣£Ҹˣ
ԪɾһЦСôҪķɣ
˷ܲԪƵ˵ټϣ㡸ż˶Ŀֲ˻ɣⷨӸɡ
ԪɾһҪ뿪ܲԪʵΪʲôֱӰݷʱСɵĶҪҸ취ż棬ǲǷ̫ˣҰɡ
㲻һ䣬Ԫɾȥ
ʱСɴӲʶ½ٻ㼱ȥŰݷãǲǸ߱ˣʱСδ
ŲԼ˽˽飬ǰǵΪﾭò̸Цϡ
.
.
ȴ˵ʱС࣬ڿҿңҵҵһλһλ½١
Ԫɾֻһʼ
ʱСȻ½ǵԵʱСɳΪЩͷİ¹ɰ롣
ΪʱСÿһΣװסǣʱ֮ˣΣΣ֮࣬ʱʱ˸УųѣȣΪʱ̵Ĺ⡣
Ĩ⣬ԶǵԽ鰮
ڣٹʱСɶһ˵壬顣
ɻ棬ʱСɾ壬ÿÿڸֳϿʱСɣʱСɵǧ
ÿһ½ִУ񶼻ͨ½ķʽȥʱɹһЩѹء
ģʱ㿴ˣ벢ںܴܲﵽ½ٵĿ꣬γ֣ٵḶ́ıٵĽ˱Ѳʹץ˾ˣͷҲǡ
ʱÿÿع磬˵һ仰ɵ
ϵůЦʱֳʮ̣һ˿˿㣬˵ҾͿί
½ǵСίʲôֵΪ˻Ұѽֵã
ֵá
ʱǣ½磬ΪǶԵʹҵȥЭ٣ػظ½ʲôĪΪɰͥͲ鲻㸽½ˡ
ûлشЦźȲ裬оʱССĶߴΰġ
һǧȥʱСڰǰٶλɵˢˡ
룬ֵˣʱüվڰ°ͣһ־Ӹµ̬ʵ˵ô㣿
еĲյ̧Ÿ˵Щεʱ㣬һ߰ʱִԼ°ĵһЦŵʣʱûпļ䣿
ٶ½磬֮ʣôΣʱʱһ˵ļ䡣
Ǹ˵ļǳ£µǣǸҲʱ㡪ʱ
ԼûоΪʲôб˵ļ䣿ʱЩֻš
ûСʱջ֣ʮָ˵Ц٣һԵʹһҾʹְ˭Ȱûãǰʱ˵ļ£Ϊֹ
ԺҲˡ


45 

, ʱ㲢ûаԼǰʱ֮ʱ˵ļ£롣
Լ½, ǲ񾭴ˣ
϶ڲ½֮ʱ, һСģ˱˵ļ䣿
֮, ܹӰ½緲˵غָܶ࣬ĸڳС©, ׷, ̫, ûбҪ
ʱҿ, հԼο, ȴ, ˵ڶΣΡ
ؼʱ㿴䣬һʱļ䡣
£ʱû, Ѳ, Է, Ϊߣλߵ, ֻһ
ֻǵʱ, 뾡ֵܱʮ־ȵӣʱظоʵһҲ, Ǹˣ
ϸϸѯ顣
ڵڶ, ʱʱӽ, ĳطһ֯Žĳ
ʱ֪ǽɹǡֳôŨǺɹǽ֯һⳡίʵ׳Ŀġ
ΪɹǴɵĻѰʱ䲢ܿǸ֯Ž˵ЩɹѾɻ˳
ôŨĽǵóȡɵɹѽֱӲҪǾʬɽ
μ䣬ʱԸܵʱ飺ǳŭŭ
ķŭȾʱʱʱڷ̨ãһٸԼǲԼļ䣬Լ޹أƽ䣬ʱȻʱӽǣʱһƿգ硣
Ȼƣ˺ۣǵõġǳսħµļսڵƽħ
ֻ⻶ɵʱ̣ʱȻͷһɾأֱĿڣػ
ħֶʱŷãûм˵
˵һֳڸǧռ֮Ŀռ϶ġ
ûû̬ߣ֮ΪʺϣǸǧﷲǣеĶ⣬ɢݳǧ磬µĻ۳γɵġ
ħıɣǻ໥ɣ׳Լ׳Ũһ̶ȣͼִǧ硣
ǧﷲǵĶħĸԴҪħȫǵĶ⡣
Ȼǲʵֵ£ˣħԶڡÿ꣬ҪɳƷ콫ȥռ϶һΡÿˣٶҪʱ䡣
ΪħǷ˵ĶģԶ壬ûóֶɱǳ֣ǳ
ֻܿƷף־ᶨǣȥħƶ񽻷档ᱻħɡ
ͨ콫֮У֮أǵҪػɡ
콫һ֪˵Σɲħ⵽֮ʱ콫ҪڵһʱɱɣԾ󻼡
յʱʵҪ⵽ħɣ
ûһֻЦЦ
ʱʣΪʲô⵽ħ֮󣬲ɰħԼȥڵҪֱɱô˵ķʽ
뻹̸ܶʱֱ棬ֱʣΪʲôֱ˵ѵʲô֮
ٴαܿʱ峺ĳ֪Ŀ⣬赭д˵㽫μӹһˣ֪ˡ
ʱһμ䣬ʵúϸڣʱԸоעصʱϣԼĪ˼䡣
ⲻǱĩˣ
ѯ£ʱƴԼ￴ģʱһͬļλɵţòԼǵݡ
ʱ֮Ȼ֣ƺʱһͬļλɣ棬ʱɱˡ
Ϊڱ֮ʣͨʱݿļ䣬ʱ㿴Ļ÷ɿ󣬶ڹɺͱɱɵǲһˣʱֲҿ϶ֻôģģĸо
٣ˣΪϲԵȡֻңȫĸƷɣɱɴʮʮңΪие͡
ʱŪ˵ǲͬһˣȤ󣬱˵ļ䣬˵ľ£иģоȴҲܿԺ
ʱյ룬һ᲻ӳˣôǻݵ˵ļ䣿
ʱ㲻Ҫ£٣ļ䣬ʱ㲢ʵ˺ûʲôµģҪԼԼ˵Լȥɸ󣬲йʱϡ
Ŀ⣬ǰοʱ㣬ŵȥйʱϣȴȫû˺Ϣʱ˵ڲ顭ڲ顭
ûһϢ
ʱ½У˺ü䣬ԾɻʱӽǿһЩ
д˵еħսҲУʱ޷ĳ
Ҳһʱݵķ϶ʱ½ı
ˣȻݵƬΣӽļ䣬ԽݵƬΣʵԽǰļ䡣
ԣԽ棬ʱ㿴ﾰԽģ壬ʱֻһʲôȥȫ֪ơ
ʱƲ⣬ʱӦһλԶ񣬻˺ܾáԼ¶ǲˡ
ŷȻм󣬵ȷʵûжԼʵ˺ʱ㽥˵ǣʼʱ˺
ļƬʱһλħսԶһλ߳ƵһɱսƺΪѪɱ̨𷲳
ǱûʱϢʱԼ顣ʱ㷢֣ɸ˾ЩǲòģСɣûʸȥϡ
ʱ뵽Сɣɸ͵ɲᣬȥʺСɡ
Сˣ˼ãããȻͷʮͷյصҡҡҼǲˡҺ񿴼ʱɲᣬֺûѽͷʹʹˣˣҵûضոء
죬Сȥʱʱлʱ˳ͷʹ˲
СɺǾȵطʣͷʹôǵˣѽɣẦͷʹЩСëʱ㣬ǲ־Ŷ
ʱһȻͷһ˿·˵ɵһĨ
ĨЧʱһ½ʱвԪ˵ҪĨЧࡣ
ʱ㻹ǵãʱ뻹һʾǿ˵ҲҲ򣬱ãȼκμ¼ͼ䡣
ʩ÷Ĩˡһǣ٣Ĩһ򣬲ڸı̫ϵغ
ɵ۵Ĩһʩչ֮ʣǣȻɵ۵Բ²⡣
ɵܹһɴĨκκۼȷʵɾɲֵĤݡ
ҪĨһɣǵøıԻΧϵĻҴңǧı١磬಻⣡֮һ
ԣɵ۲ɴĨɱ²⣬ڲıϵ£ĨһɣֻĨǶǸɵļ䡣
ǸڣϵڣҶвϺ͹¡
ˣɺ²⣬ɵ۵ġĨĨģļ䡣
ʱ㿪ʼɣǲɵ۶ʱʩչˡĨ
ȻΪʲôšʱ㡹ַûһɸһλԶ񣬸ͬͬա


46 

ǧ, һ硣Ա֣ˣŮ, 
һ, ʵ˺Ů֮, ôֵ֣ǲ, ׷
˵, ϲԶ˵Ķ, Ǳף, ֮, , Ե񣬻Եڶ࣬ʲôܳ¡
ÿһĵǸ, , , ǳǳϡ٣, ÿһǳ͵Ŀ
ʢ֮ʱ, ʥ˳Ƽ̻, ʹнӶĸ, Ȩ, թ°ܻ֮ʱǧҲһ
һŵ
ٹʱ䣬ڴһ£ƽĪңСĪʱ㣬Ȼһ
λСĪʱѾʮˣ忡ͦΣ׳ͥѵ˫ޣзǷɾ͡
һֳڵ꣬Ůǵɡ
Īʱʮ꿪ʼ㲻ýţΪŮףвʵȨС
ĪǿƽȻûʵȨҲѫ֮ңЩûоλʵȨƽ߹٣Ҳǲܸʵġ
ƽѫ֮һԽĺ蹵Ϊ˵ְλѵá
˵ȻףĪϺүȴûӦֻ˵ӻСȳһЩ˵
ǰЩӣһϣżȻĪʱ㣬һģĸʺ͵»ʵͻ顣
͵»ʵ۶ԼʮŮ۰ССͱķš
͵µۼŮһߵԼͻ飬ſƽϺѽʮ䣬ҾòƱţСӻδˣƽڹٳûʲôضûеҿּ顣
ûȥѯһ¿ƽ˼˴ͻʥּ
ͻʥּһ£ĴСﶼˣĹŮ𣬸оժĸһǶλժĸεܷ
ΪλҲһλˣ使޵ݣȺɸˡ
ҾãĪʱĿݶɣӦиľ
ʱɲŮòİպ͹ǶǾһ¡ʢĻɾοѻ
ȴ룬һι֯ģȫѫӵܲĽԻС
֮ʱĪʱӸ˻ȭҡҷ֮䣬ֱ۰ڶ֮䣬ü˿Īʱϣۿɼٶȣ޵УɵŨһʺѪ룡
룡е룡
Ȼ룬һ£һ֮ڣḡϣҲЩʮˣŸֳĪʱʮˣŸδš
ǣ긡벢ҪҪǣƽСӣĿ֮£ֳһʺ룬Ҷ϶Īʱһ
Ϣһͷβ¡
Ҿ˵ƽСǰ˲ţ˫ȫһ㣬ԭǸ
մͻ飬СӱǸ£㲻
ôֻܼ˵ġĪˣɰ첻˵¡
ŮķİϲˣԭǸҲϲˡ
Ϣ޵滨꣬ҲţҲţ
ǣ͵µȥ롾˵壬ûɶġ˵ȷʵɡ
Ъ˹˷ȵشУҲţҲţ϶˼ңȻѻҺ£Ҫ޸ҾҪ޸
͵µۿİŮôģ۲ѣŮβġ
ǣʮ֮ڼˣ
͵µһ˼Ů޲ɣöȢ
ôһһĸȢػʼңֻҪˣøʼһģȻٶϳ£ˣʼұҳãҴ󳼣԰೯ϵ½ˣʼֻҪúãսǰܵٹơ
뵽Щ͵µͷȡֻͷԼĶŲһ飬ַ˳ĶǶѾȢˡ
ӭȢһһ㣬ܿع˹ƵĸȻøһ֮λƾĪʱҲܸҡ
͵µ۷ųںɢģ֪ⲽĳϵĹ
߽֮ͨȥȴֹһ۾޵úͨͨŮӡ
͵µ룬ŮԼڶʮӵĻҶϡ
ҶϽĸȴ޵۾ģ
ߺ͵µۣ治һȺӵܣ߻ɻ£ѸȢĻڼ
ҶӢĵճŮСݹˣܵͷɷ֣ϵԽԽ
ⲻΪ˵С£ڼһһο˲ˣӻִҶϡˣҶһ״
ϸϸذԭί͵µǱҶϹڵϣ޵ҭŽ꣬һһҭ͵µң檿泼ۡ
Ŷô͵µ۵Լʮӣһǿϣôӡе۶ϱô׵ˡ
Ҷߵͷӣ檲Ȱ˻Ӽ䣬檡ӣûˣ檿£׼購檺룡
߳ʣʼк֮첻Ҫڱǰ˵˵Ůйֱֺ룬ʾзйʼܳԼй
˯ˣͷ͵µ۽һ˵Ҷϣ׼ˡȻŤͷԸ̫ࣺ´޵ĿͣӺˣ֮ڰףڣ󡣡
Ҷϴһ벻һʱǻѾ˵ȥˣп಻˵ֻ÷ޡ
°Ѻף͵µΪûֱٴδͻ飬ǰĪϺү˵ΪʮȢС֮£һǿʮѾ룬ȢСӣҪȢΪ
ĪϺүһ޵ڵأͷģ˵ԼĪңңԼʱΪٹĴսֻһӣӸճսۣΪٹؽӢսΪһӡ
Īָӿ֦ɢҶô޳ȥǲĪҾĪҵȻҪ׸ŷ
ʮɢ檣ĪŷĪϺүԡ
ŷĪѽʼʲôϵֻаѸȢʼ˲ʼҡ
͵µۺȰĪϺүӼ޵ʼ˺ܶôĪϺүһҧҪ׸ϳޡ
ú͵µ۶ֱּͻ飬ӲϹɱϾƽһңңд𢣬öҳ̫ˡ
˥ҪָģԼѶ֮£ԽԽĻѩϼ˪
͵µ۸ĪϺүãòСĪʱ֮еŷ飬޸ʮΪ
ĪϺүѺ͵µ۵ľ˼Ī±æ
ĪϺүһһȥѫǣôһ׸ӦӦĪҶɹѹء
Ǿѫֻ˶Կƽͬ飬ȴûһҸӦ


47 

ĪϺүڴսϸǴ֪͵µѫ˻, ˵ĪҵĸǻʼҿϵĶ˭Ҹʼ
ʱޣһת۱, ҴҲõϲյ, ȱһ׸ʼհ첻ϲ¡
ĪϺүԴһԲ, ⹷ʵۣһ, Ҫʼң
û, ĪϺүӵļͷ, ȰȥǸֵ, ˭ܰɹѹذɣ𲻺˼, һصĴ¡
Īʱľһ, ĮȻҡͷ
ҲµõЩѫҵӵǸԼֵʮ꣬ԼŷȲ˵ͬͬ⣬, һʱת, ̫Ť, ̫߳ܣ̫ˣûлʵһ, ҲûԸ⡣
ô죿ʱһ, ±Ҫʮּͻˡ޽ʼңⱲӶˡĪϺүſյϲ, ٿңң׹ͷ, ǳ
ʵ, ĪʱֱڣҲûдԼǸлع
ʮˣȻ֪ԼǸӵĸȻǸܳԱĪʱҲԽܣ˾ҳ
ӷһĪʱһֱڻл֮УԼ󣬲ϵطԼ˭ģҪʲô
״̬£Īʱȫûоȥ׸֮¡׸ĪϺүں͵µ۱ƻ֮ʣĻ֮ơϧ͵µϼ޻޺ͻᣬȴǸ顣
Īʱģģ֪ԼҪһŷеҪʱ֮ǰҪҵ˿վȥ
ȥģ
Īʱѵؿڵҡˡܸ߳бʱ˼תøˡִ档
⻹ʱԳ֮󣬵һγԳš
ʱĸϿӵ״̬ԣʮֵģæʱǰ游Ѿѫ󶼷һ飬㻹ȥˣȥڼҺúôš
ĪϺүȥɡʮһ仰˵ǴȻûӴлָһ࣬ȥߣɢɢġ
ӵ״̬ãڵģĪϺүӻԿ
˻ϲһߡʱֱͦӰʧĪ⣬ĪϺүĸҽԶԶү⣬ǲؾһ·¼Ǻš
ĸҽȥˣĪϺүϵİֵǮҪ֮ʰã̫󣬲ҪˣҪˣҪ¡
һʵ
ĪϺүûлش𣬻ֽ¡ʵ۲ʣǿȢĸΣͲҪˡԸ˼Ư룬ҲԸʧڻʼңȸ
ʱãͷڴϣŽĳֻԼޱȹµ
һֱϤϤѣȥˡ
ʱϤĴĿĵתҲ֪Լߵȥˡ˵ô˿ɲƽŷ֮ԣʱίʵ˿ڡ
֪ɫѾܿǵĵ
ʱֻʶ֪Լûҵˣܻȥںӵ̱ǾˣǾôãӦáЪһЪˡ
Ťͷźˮˮӳ𣬲ԣʡ
Ȼӱ߲ŵһϣգ硹һֱͦͦˮĳ̬;룬жϣԼȥģǱ˴ȥӳȥġ
ֽҵţˮ˼£³ȥʼﻹںܿͱǺˮǺ֮䣬ĺˮӿ
Ӱ߱˲ٴֻҲвҹˮ˶˹׼ˮˡ
ʱϣ߳վڴϣһЩָź･³ӰӣȻǻӣȥɣͲһ׷±ӣ
һЩӴغˣλףᣬһԣ˭Ҫ£ǸܰȥʲôԼ
ˮ֮ʱʱֻԼϵĺ룬ӿһʹʹ
ڤڤУһεǣʱûȥ鿴Ϊʲôʹһͷ˺ˮǸӽˮ˹ȥ
ϵһˮȣĲصСӣܰҪѵˣҲҺһţˣ
ǽѵǲ˻ѽ
ʱˮεߣ°̳ˮ档
˱ѱˮ͵ûˮ棬˼ڣ˹ʱֿʼֽҵš
ˮоˣʱһֵ˿˹ȥȻ򰶱ߡ
ߣǻϵļӣѾ˴Ƶʱϰ֮ͷʱںˮˣˣ
ʱᣬ˵ᣬںӰ߸Ӷ̱ӣŤ
ʱˮУýҪһֻס׹ˮ֮ˣӷŲֽţüץסӰ͹ʯ飬ȥӺߣշָرС
Ŵĳݣͱʱ׹ˮ֮ˡ
ʱ㱾ڵ̰Ϸʹٽˮûʱ;˽ˮǰ
ЩԼˣоЩӸ֮ˣʲôƣҪ˱
֪ôģ֮Уʱ뵽Լû˭˭ѽȻ˸ű͵µ۱
һͬͬʱͷڣĶ־ΪʲôҪ
Ȼ䣬⼸ӣ˺͵µ۵ĻǱ֡ʱһٴͱԼ֮ʱ˾ڱۣۼֿأץסβҡ
ݵĺӣضᣬеˣϰ
ʱֻԼıϵСë̸ˣһʹ
ʹȴʱеһ⣬޿ʱ̡
ʱϢתһ˲ǣһһֱͣӰݴǺ˹ţֻӶݣʹĪǹǹѼӴñͷܡ
Щ֮ǰºݻб£ܣүͷʰ㣡ȻҪȥȱ
ʱˮ֮˺Ӱһϰʱסˣˮ֮ˣȫŴ˿
ƣЩ̫ɶˣº֮ǰ˰˸⡣
ʱԼȫʪţҪѼ·ڸߣȴѣеǻҹ
ĸҽĸͬӰеү
ʱ͸֪ǵĴڣֻǲˣԸѼ·ϣؼȥ
ĸҽֿŵ˼ˮ֮ϡҽתͷߣһҽһ߻
ʱ㳤ͦںӰߣ׼ŶԷľȱˣһ
ֻͺӰϵĲ˶ȰСӣѾˣ߰ɣܰˣǺǵģдɽ
ʱʮֲмһƲɽʲôɽܴùҿƽСү°
ʣǸҽСȰү߰ɣʱͬգѱǲҪˡ
⻰ȴһ°ʱǻʵһήˣ̾߰ɡ
ƽţƹͨҲлʼɳİ̽ڽļӡ
ʱ㻹ûңѾԶԶһ˷ܵתܻظĪϺүͨүүˣĴһ˻
ĪϺү֪ԼһǸ׵ģԴϲԸ죬ͨýϲ֣ϲ˼֪ͨѣǰ񣡡


48 
Ӱȥ
, ʱĸҽһ˻ص˺ĪϺү, Ųͣ, һүүү
ĪϺүȿˣͷɢʪյ, ֱµˮϴ˼·, һ㲻Լ, Ǽ֮, ƺʲôû
ؼ˵Դڼҽͷ, һԲѵӡĪϺүĿ, ؿӺԼүүʱ, Ƥﶯ˼£ɴ˿ɼװΡ
˵Ϳȥͦģᳬʮ, òҲ, ǿԼӡ
ĪϺүյӸǰ, ʣļ̳ģôһùӵţ̫û, װεҲ⡣

Ŷ, ˵ôйȳζĪϺү⣬ϲ̵طԸˣ¹үŶ, ¸ү͵үԺϴɾ, 
һԼ, ע⵽ԼҲһʪֱˮֽеͰˮүҲҪϴ죬һ;Ҫˡ
ʱȻʲôͣ
ĪϺүһ˲һˣ
⻰ڶˡָ֣ŷʱһʱͷֻǾ˸ˣ뵽ŷˣץסүүص㣬ʵ˵һҪţ㶼ѱˣ
˵˻Ǹʱ䣬ͽͨȥˡĪϺүʣеĲҵˣ
ǣʱһҧһݸãӦݰɣ
ӷͷˣٸ˺롣˵ƷΣǺǻںֻҪĪţ¾Сʱȫûи˳þùȥĴ뷨
ĪϺүͷһʯʵ˭ļҵģʲô֣ǿѫҵŷɲ̫ˣ¼ֻǸĩоҲҪоλС
֪ʱһʪģҲܣ˵ţԻԼСԺϴȥˡ
ĪϺүҪˣҺܿ׵ӣô˸ֶ֪˻ãҪǸƽ񡭡ʼҲôúŪϲ£Ҫ⽣Ӱеһƴ
ȻгӲҪ򣬳Ͻ֪֪ƿȫֵҪҽ˵Ĺ̡
ҽһһʮ˵ˣĩ˵ү˵ǸλӲűӺġ
һ-ͣӵ۹߯ˣִһױ˹ڦĵ㡣
ռҽĽūҪ˵ѽǰλӣҲڹȻı¥²һ㣬ʣļ¥
ܰ
ܰѹˣ
˵죬Ե񣬻Եڶ࣬㲻ã̵ˣܸ˴ϲ
ĪϺүϣȫڲ׵ϣ룬мҽطԸһȥ¡
ʱصԼסСԺϴ˸ɾº£Сżױߴڴɢɫ֦Ľۣ׼Լϣһ̧ϲۡùһأؽ飬غߡ
С˰ϲʱʱʵˣ
Сһ֮󣬲ŷӦŶ¸үѽѾˡ
ߣ·ˣҲ֪ʱʣϴûУ
Ӧϴˡ
ϲøҡҸϡ˵ϲۣ㲻Ҳô
СˣĻϲ̾үиԾˣ֪Լķˡ
ʱعСһۣϲۣ˳ȥ
Ǹ˱ʱԺ᷿ʱʱҲתͷʱ㡣
˱ӺһӣϴɾˣͣüĿʣ米ֱͦɣǱ֮ʱ޾ִ̬֮˸һ¾õĸо
ʱͷţУӲǴֱ֮ˡ
ʱ㣬һҾһչһůǳЦлȡ
ѽһؿˣⲢҪ
ʱʵѾ֪Ǻεˣ
ϴʱ󸮵ĸټһ
ʱָԼʣ֪˭
Ҫ̡
ʱôװɵط̻ȥǴװͿɡ֪ǿƽ֪ƽһ
˵бֵڸأ²ð⡣
ҾĪʱ㡣ʱ㲻ˡ
Īѽ׹ûģ׹ġ񲻹ⶼٹ£ڽֵشƽСӱǸϢ벻ѡ
֮˷·뵽ʲô˵ĪӴϲĪǽףѽô˼Īӳȣ첻Ҫ£ϽȥҪҪ˼ʱ˶ҲǺʱˣȵµһ쿪ʼˡ
ʱؿ룺װװ˰һ׻˵꣬Űѱڻһϲ۳ͷ׹ȥȻ֪˭ʵһ㡣Լ·á
ȵȣҴϲۣǹףֲ³סһ𾪡
ʱ͵˼ޣȻ֪˭װʲôװѵ֪Ǹ֪ӱʵ۱ƻ飿ΪӰȻΪ㿴ϷϣԹԸӰȥ
Щ𾪣˴㶵رϲۣʱ㣬źϺϣֻ˵
˺һ˲һԼԳʣӶûʹ˭˵Ѿˡ
Ŷˡ˵ɣгף˭ʱ˾һԼ׹ҼҵĹˣ˵һҪֻҪ˿ɹǰѹؾͺˡ
˵룬ռڣѧδгס
ʱ·͵šδгסĸ֣ϵãδȢδޣ³ˡ·رͿˡ
ƺЩԸŲ
ôҪӷ㴩·
ֻǾã֮£иĸ֮ý֮ԣ˳ýϡ
ԼＱϻ뻹Ҫĸ֮ý֮ԣʱٴδϵҾһҪҪң
븣飬ˡ²
ʱ˭ҪǾ߸źڹٸõ飬ҷſĪס꣬Ǹ£һҲעˣĺˣʱȢ˭Ȣ˭ȥȻؼһ䣺Ǹ˯ģҲ㶴
·ˣҲˣʵҪ°źŪǻʵۣ
ʱĿƵص룺˵вУﲻ
֮ӿȪ౨ȻУȻɷӣҸ˵
ͷ㣬ԭʹ̻أѧϰٹʷ伮ŷºͼƻһҰ԰סа㻨ĳջƾƽĵλĳЩ棬
ʱشߴ컻ϲʱԼҪ󣺡׸ԣǲµжѧġ
ֻҪ㲻Ǻǣ˭ȥģʱ뵽ʲôֲһ㣬ҳ֮мҵˣ---ˣ˵л


49 
Ļ
ϽףûаΣŶûˣŶ, ˵Ҹ͡һ㲻˵¡, ֱ
˵, ͲҪ˵ˣԺ˵, 컻·ʱļòУȥ, ½, ϲۡ
ʱһëëŵظ·, һ߾, ҪԹԵ, ׼˵Ҷ, ҪǸҲһ㡭־вأּһ䣺ȻȫҶɱˣȮ
˼Ҽںηû, ôȥɱ˼ȫң
һ, ֪ʱ㲻, һҲ£ʧЦĪ, ¿, ǿŮĶԡ
ãӲǱʵ۰Ǹ
ʱСߵߵţү, ү, ˵Ѿ, ϲýŶ׼ˣ¸ү׼ûУҪ׼ˣҪʼˡ
׸׸ʽûʲôοĪֻʱ֮ǰʱִ٣˺ܶ񻷽ڡ
һŪʵ۵ĻĪһǰú棬һ㲻Уӭ飬бӭ
νӭĪʱĪŽӳ˫˫ڴϲ֮£Īǽ˰ȦִĪ߽ȥ
ʱǸòˣ˶ɷɫӭűͣǣ죬粢߽á
ڱͶһͷ㣬õòҲǶԣҸȤģ¸үݡ
ѫҴʱǲƽͨġܹ׸ӦҲǳѫ֮ңɴҶûмλ¸үݶв²⡣
ãˣҳޣýˣϲţ͸͸λֵ֮޸հ߳ףʳ꣬һһءһҶܽеˣ
ܽһȺ׵ǰԼжʮˡ
ڱ֪ʵȢĪҸģⳡ񲻻˳˿̼ڵģòҵİɣ
ǰŶʮҵӣҪƺһ㡣˵ҵĻƣһ־ǰרŸʵۺͻʼҰȫģҡ
ȴܵýˣҲſһ˵ıϱŸ̫ࡣ
̫಻ȻɤӸ߽е¿ͣƽĪʱݣ
̫һۣһĿ˵б۾ɨһϲúһڱͣЦţǣûģȻֵĪʱСӣ컻·ۼҽɡ
Īʱվ̫һ񣬲˵ԵȣҰѻ˵
̫ʱٶݣ㻹ñµţﻹûʥϣҵӣ۾
ĪϺүվǰ̫ЦˣһϲߣɣݣҲһʱ̡
Ȼʱ˻ظамӵ̽ͨˣȻ󣬻ʵɳ̫ʱݣֻҪϹʱδܳ񣬻ʵ۾ӮˡӾ͵ü޽ʼˡ
ĪϺүףȻñ֤ⳡȥͷ񷢳һ㣬ȵ
ޣýţϲŵսս֪ǺãߵļҽѾСǼְ
ǣжƬ֮¿ʼֵֻգһ±ޱȡ
̫еͣ£ͣ£ĪүΥ¿֪ͣ
ĪϺүͦñֱڴ̫ǰĪ
Ǳߣڼҽı£ڲгһ䣺һݣ
ʱʱע룬ʱ۶ӻ߱򡭡ãȻҲ˹£һҲ£ֻ۾תõģһζӡ
ţУӲǸС֮ˡʱһ߹ȥһ߰
޸̫༸ͬʱٰݣͣ£
ĪϺүøЦȲ衭
̫е½Īʥͣʥϣˣ
ǺॡŴ̫ǰ͵ǰǷ׷װεɢٳλ˱˹ȥ
ڳǶҲˣ¹Īʲôɣ͵µҪֹⳡ֮ǰɡ
ˣҷ׷׺ˣµۣԼ˼ҿǰԼǰһЩСģ㿪ʼп޺
ǰΧм䣬һ񡣱ôһˣʱλ˱¶˳
ڱǵĻæ˱֮Уλ˴ݵعȥһݡ
ʱ߳ӿٶȣ
ĪҵļҽǴսϴϱβ˺ɱǰȫȻ壬ޣӿ˾ٶȡ
ۿųҪʧأĪϺүһǹ
޺ݣ
ĪҼҽɿؿһ˳
ǹ˱ս˽ϲãҽô̵ʱڣͰѿ˳Բ²⣬ͷھϲòԶĵطȻĪϺүԻпܷ£ǰ׼
ȻսϽ
ĪϺүǹ֣ЦɸλۣԸΪϷĻ赶ˣʤмϷҲǹλһˡ
ԲΪ˿ּΪʱ̣ǰ
ֻΪĪСӵĻ赶ǹ˰ˡ
ĪϺүһû磬ӲԽԽ˼
ޣݸãһݣ
ˣĪүˡǸʲô̫һ߼ֱš
ûţҽһһѴ̫ϵһߣڿϣһϸ㣬һϲˮá
ŶޣۼԲۼ͵ģ̫һѰѵǰĸˮһ´ڵأѵһƬѣˮɽҹ
ٰݣ
̫վеס֣ס֣ǡĪҹ죬Ҹ֣ǶҪ£Ǹۡ
һҽһӲ̫Ӳ𣬱һȰȻˣôҲһϲźá
һҽЦǾǣҼҹӵϲ⣬մҼҹӵϲ˵ѽһľֵˡ
ݣ
һĪϺүǰϹڣһ˻һ㣬ţȥݣִż롣
ṇ̀õǵǹ̫ˣǵĵûкĪϺүϣĪϺүǹѾˡ
˵ˣĪϺүϾǺүдڹоλǿɲҶĪϺүɱ֡
ʱǳ֮ʱ͵µ˵ضĪҽ飬أʵҲϵĪʱ䡣ֻ벻ĪϺүûɼҽսԼ
֮Уһƺͷָӵģ壬ĸǣסүˣȥ
ǣ
޶԰ݣһݣ
·ĪϺүҪصķΧʱƫĪϲòڿĴһ£ĪϺүЩ˴ʧˣֻƿԼػذˡ
ǴĪϵѣв֪ʵ۱ƻ֮£ƹϺүҪ׽ʱ㣬ϻ񣬱㿪ʼ̲סУסǣסǣָ˴ߴٵݣݣ


50 

ϲó, һţλϣϽվοǣûµģûµģҲҪ, һĪҵ, ֻҪͺá
̫࿴һĻΪ, ض㣬Ŭһϲȥ, տڽһ졭Īʱ㣡
һҽۼֿ, ϲ˴̫, Ļס, ЦȰٳһ, ³˫
޳ٰݣ
ۿŵ, 嵽˵ֻ࣬ҪٳѾͷǣˡ
ֻҪĪʱ֮ǰǱһ
Ѿͷ, ֮ʱ, ЩվѾͷǺȻһ, ǵȥһѽ, ѽͬʱ, ϶ŵĸ㣬ˮˮ, յӰ˵Ķ,ܲСĵءȫϡ
ϲӴॡ꡹ͷ, ŻˡӼп޺ϲֵĴ֮£һƬޱ֡
⧲µ£㶵㶣һʱӦ볯˳ȥֱ˵Ѿǵסεεֵѽүū澵ȹˣ滵
ĵ˭ȹˣң
ݣ
ĪĻ治ۣǺүѾֹǵ
Ѿţֵʱ䣬ۿ˵ĵѾȥʱݼţǸͷһ飬үããǸ֪¸үܶðɣеĵ˹ȥҪѪϲã
ĵҽոɾعѣ
ʱ԰ϣӵվǡÿֱһչס룬һţȻơ
Ȼɵδ˥ۿžҪĺϡһδػѪ񣬾Ͳˡ
ɵƾʱҲҿȥץ֮ʱ룬۷Ĺ䣬ɵ˹ȥ
ɣ
ĪϺү֣ǹ˵ؽеӳˣҪˣ
ɵһһһ˦ͷӵͷȥʱ㲢δʹͷɵƲһ̣ѸֵץС
ʱſ룬ͷ챧ȭ赶ˣֵܲʤмֻǵҪȣ˵˱㲻ˡ
·һ㲻֪ԼղѪʱ㣬ʵˣ
ûС
ϲЦţţţţϣˮ㣬ӣɣյɢһأһƬǼ
ǣǳ̣ѵļ֤£ˣһ׮µĳ
ʹ̫඼ֹĪʱģɣҶûս˭ҲɥĲĿ֮£ɱɡ
һʱҶ֪ô죬ϲЩ
޼Żǣʱ߳¸磬붴
ãǸ붴ǣⲻ̫ͣ˵ټô붴
̫ʱڴضذѵڶϲȥɥɥصʲô컻·ۼҽݡ
ڼҽʾ£ϲԼְ𣬶߶µһˣ˳ϲãֱӷʱճҲóĶ
֮źһߵļҽϽϲյȿϲ裬˳˳Īҭˡ
̫һưѲյٴκݺ䣬һزˮɣĪϺүеүҸǰ֣ӽʱ̣ۼҶʥϣһ۾ϣ
ĪϺүǹʩʩȻ߹Ӽҽӹյ򹫹ЦѽɲҪ˵ֻ۾ǶˣȲ裬ҭ˿ɲܡ
Ȼϲȥؿڵ׶µûţ˵ĪϺүԵϲ̫಻òүӣӹ˼ڡ
Ȱؿڶŵһ˶ǣָָ̫Ǻͱǣʵۼҿˣǡõˣˣ
ˡĪϺүʮֺţƢظ̫͵ǹǰݿͣϲ£һʱˣ赶ˡϷΪһǹ衣ϣڳıһ𣬳ϲϲ裬ϲĪϲ£һźڡ
̫ţϲӲģ
ϲǹԼȥġ
̫ãҲ˵ĹĵأһߴʱϽ
ʱԶҲʱˣµһ쿪ʼˡ
꣬ʱ㻻˳㲻ٶ໰Ŵ̫ȥˡѾ游̫ĶԻУõ㹻İʾ
֮ʱĪʱֻȭڱһҾ˵лλǰСȽݣͷʹһݣ
ʱЦѽ˿ôڱ͸źȻЦһʱɿЩ
ֻǻʵҹģʱ빬ݣòᡭڹﲻŰɣ뵽ʵѸȢػʼңܡ
˵Цţﲻǡ
ڱӯӯһ˵Ȯӳףлλѹٹ񣬲ʤлСѱ±ƣλ͹⡣
.
ʱ㵹ǵһνǰ֮мνݣҲ
һСƫʱ˺͵µۣߵŰַ֮ڵϺþãʵ۲ϵͷޣǲǸùϲһĪСӡƽֻͣ͸һѹڲסƣ
ҡʱûйְǺСӣ϶ҪϮģǲ
Ǹ˭
ʱҪ͵µֳ̾һˣ˵ˣȥɡ
˴̫ǰȥĪϸ̣֪Īּ˵ѸȢʼңӲĪʱû빬͢Ϊūʱʼһģһģô󵽸ˣԵͻԵ
ţֹ£ˡ滹ǻᡣ
ʱΪԼڻϱּ˻ʵ۵Ĵ㣬ػʵ۵ŭȴ룬ʵ۾ô׾ͷȥˣʱʲôû˵Ͻͷ˳ȥ
ȵʱ˳ת޵滨꣬صҲţһǲţǣǡ
һĵӣʿ˫ȫһ꿡ܣôһȢޣֻܼ˵ĸأ
һѾϵϣôյûѽ
͵µЩ̬ӵϣ֣ŮԼߣȰ£Ե֣ģҲ޻ͷ⣬ѡһõġŮȥˡ
ֻǿޣ޵ֱ飬˵ˣҲûʲô˵
ȥɡٹ£͵µ۱ʮˣΪֹĪʱףһ㲻᰾ҹ
òϣԼˣԽԽˣҹˡ
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ѽڡ
˵ʱ̫ţһ·˹ţȻɵˣʱǹĳ벻ܽӲͣû׼ȥͳžˣֻԼ߻ȥ
ĪʹҲ̫Զʱ˫ȣǵسԼȥ
ΪٹǣٹĳУȻѹʱֵϡϡ˺ʱУͻأ
ֻţһʱ߷ٶȣһͬڳԯϵһ˲ʱ㹰ȭʩĪˡ
˭
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˭
ϳȻ֪
ʱ㲻Ҵ⣬ԹǰߣЦֶұͷ¶β˭֪ûݾ
ӡϵ䲻ؿ˵ʮ塣
ʱЩϤһŻعζŶʮӣʵ޵Ǹˡ


51 
鷿
ϾҶڶ, ѫȻûмȴҲ˵
ʱ˵, λʮ, ʮ꣬Ǹ߻, ߹ӵܣʮֲܺ͵µ۴óĻ, ɻ֮ʱͺ, δ
λ, ʱûʲô, , ǲʼ, ʼҿưڲʵʮ޹ء
ˣʱ֮Ա֮󣬷Ӧ֮, ˵ҽѾˡ
Ժ롣ڳ˵ķ, ɡ
Ҷҵԣ
, 붯ˣҡȢ, ֹһ, ֻҲ˳һ֮λβһ¡
ʱȻ򣺴˵У, Ե, ԵƵ, Ǹ𣬳ӣĻҲԼȢȥ檣˵ŽԼˣǵϻλ
ӵ˼͸¶Щӻᰵг֣ԼٻȥߣԽˡ
ԸˣԵڶԵ˵ʱǲŵġɼܲסʵۿͷڻӲ˱˼£Լɣ˭ԵԼ
ԵԼǰǳȥ룡
Σˡʱͷģ룬ñ
ѾףĻ룬ҲǱԼ
ʱ㲻ӣ뵽һ⣺ҹģҪȥģ
֪㱻ٽ˹㣬һġ
ʲô
ѾĹˡѾ͸϶۲ʱˣ˵ҲϲˣĪӵҵ£
ЦԼģʱһʱҲֻñ죬ӿŲ·
ƫظʱߣӳŽֵû˵ʱ򣬾˵һλĪӴӺ̳ķɣĪӲģҾͲˡ
ʱ㲻ĬȻǰС
״һ㣬˵֪ܰǻиĿɽ֮ˣܰܽܰ˶ǡ
Ӻķɣʱ㱾û̫棬ôһ˵ʱ㲻Ρ
˰ǹӺֹȣҪı̣ûѽ
ǼǻĹūڱԼ֮ǰţǰȱȥˡ
ĺţûдɽȷʵôš
ô˵ʱĺ棬ʵʲô
ĪȤ뵽Ҹϣǿǳغһ˵꣬⣬һޣݡһ۶ȥ
ޣʱһתͷԼȥһ·һ·룺ʲôնӾǵ£㲻ңһȥȥܰĵϸѵһ֪ô
ʱĽų̣ĸ֮ʱܻ˼ҡ
ǰıͲ඼ɢˣֻһЩףϵİֵˣĪңȴʱϢ
ʱҵһĲض˼䣬֪֮󣬴ҶƣˣʱҲ̫ˣ㶼ĪЪˡ
ʱصԼľסСԺСʱ㣬¸ү鷿顣
Сת¸үĻ˵ү˵ˣҪȹӻ
иˣԼԺԼָоʱδģ֪ôģָоܺá
ﰵţǸʶֵģ
ʱȥ鷿ԴϲۣͷԼ鷿䣬ɢҵضѷŸƵġ
һŭ޶˶˴ͷðʱʵڷʲô
ѾһˣҪַ֣ҪôԼӳȥǰոһʱһԺ﷭ˣ
ƺʱͻأһܿһվһĴлҳһЦʵ
ԼƵġʱ㿴룬ʵڷʲô
뼸ʱͬʱʵλûΪ㣿
˫һ֮ʱɰͰ͵صû¡
Ц飬鷿̫ˣ̲ס
ʱֻ
ӭʱĿ⣬һ̹ȻطʣȻΪأ
Ҫ˵أʱ鷿ûʲôĵҪ˵ֵǮĶʱ鷿ҲûʲôֵǮĶ뷴ʵסˡ
ѽ̫ɹˣС鷿ʲôֵñģ
ƺʱ˼Цˡָһһѵᣬ˵ôعźò鿴ڶ౦ϡ
Сǲʶ֣ɨ鷿ֻĨһ»ҳдֵֽţһŲƶ
ʱ飬ڶ౦ϣʱˣ鷿ڶ౦Ӷġ
Ժãܼסĳĳ鷳ĳ飬Ƶġ
ţϲʰʰˡʱ˵ˣ˯˰ɡ
͵˵Ҷģ
ʱЦҪһѾˡˣ˯ˡķᡣҪ˯㡣˵꣬ʱתߣ׼ط˯ˡ
˼ʱ뵽ʲô˵Ҫ游ĸ׾衣
á
ʱֲһСü·㣬Ҵţв÷˵ģݲֻ࣬ʱԸһЩ
˵꣬ʱ㾶ԻԼľҡ
ľڱó˶ʱɵ鴲ϣоʲôˣƿԧϷˮĽһȴЩӡԲӵ
ôЩʳɹ
ʱСˣһʣС˻˵Щ֮ʱˣϻλԪҶӵķޣ֮
Сʱ㲻ЩʳɹһʱͣӣӣⲻҪӣҲҪŮҪŮŻԲԲӣӣ

С£ʱϴЩﶼɨ´Ȼ·ͷ˯¡
˯Ȼ˯ˣʱƵģͷ˷˯š
֮ǰԼ˸£ԽܣֻŹ˴ʱ䣬Ѿˣ˯ڷŸӼĻ鴲ϡ
ſʼŽԼǸʵ˭֪£ֱ
ʱޱƵ룺˭ҪˣҪ
һ£ԼһˣͦŴӵӣɰʱĻˣ⣺УԲӣҲ
ǰ͵µ۴ͻʱûϲҲûвϲ
ԸйΪѹȢĪҡĵλߣܵʼ̫ӺͿơ
ͬģʱҲ̸ϲϲϹèӣպôš
ӿеʱ֮⣬ط˳ۡ
ңʱãʵʱֳ⣺ûˣ鷿
ȻѾͿףʱõ֮ȰܰѸ׵˷ڼﲻܡ
䣬ἰܰʲôģʱҭںܡ


52 

, ʱ㱻С˵Ľѣճϰߣһ, һ߽е
ſ, С˶ϴˮ˽⡣, С󣬾룡
ʱͷһ, Լֻ, ϽץԼ, ߳ȳȥ, Ҵ·
ĴǵһĨǳЦΪ㴩𴲵ġ
ģԳơ¡, ô͸ĿԳơΪˣ
ãȥʱɴһڻؾƽʱԼ·, С˷̡ʱûԼ
ΪʲôðԼ뷨̫ˡ
һߵ鴲ǰʱڵϵ·ٵʱǰʣǴ𣿻ǻһף
, ȥ
ѵϵ·, һһ˳, ŵϣЦΪ㣿˲ɣ
ȥôһЦ, ʱʱܿƵǺ, оԼϷˣʱϣյغȵٺ˵˵, Ҳͱ͸
˵, ʱͷһ, ˸գǹأ𴲺󣬶һˣȻϴˣڴͷ
һߵС˻ص˵ﲻ˼Уȥ鷿ˡ
ЦʣҪҪΪǹ
νֲЦˣʱоֺ֮⣬ͷҲٷֻȥֲһ䣺ơΪ򡹣ˡ
Цһ£˳˻鷿
ʱϽϴյСҹĶ
С˻˵үû˯Ѿ鷿ˣ鷿￴˺һ顣󣬸үϴС͹ȥ·ϣԼʰˣּලСɨͥԺʱˮүˡ
һҹδѽôţһݹӣ
ת룺޶˶Ȣ˸дˣԵԵĸɲϲôȻ׸һˣ˸԰ס㻨ǮҲ˽ѣȻһãȻݹˡ
ʱϴˣٴδ򿪻鷿ȴһѾʳУվ棬Ц÷ˡ
ˣôôͣôôܹͨôѾ緹Լүˣ
ʱ㿪źѸٿȥɫΪ޹Ц͵Ƿ˷ԸѾ緹ʲôûɣǸѾ˵˼仰˽һĪճ
ѰӣĪҵλӣǸ÷һ£ʱ緹ҲϷ˷ԸѾ͹ֻĸѾ˰˸ѾҪ¸үǰԼҶӳ档
ʱͷʾѾǽڷﰵаǸˣͦῴɫġ
һʱѾǰں˷˳ȥʱһƷһŰˣʢ̶ȣԶԶԼƽʱöȡ
ʵĪǺţңȻôˣǷҪ¸үǰԼҶӳ档
ԼĸүʱҲ÷˳Լ¸үǰй⡣
һ׼ĪҰ׳԰׺סͣŸסͿô
ʱ㻹û˵뵹ȿˣѽôƷôԵѽ˷ѣ˷ѣϽסѾյ˻ȥɣԲô࣬˷ˡ
Ϊ׵ѾЦԲ꣬͸˱ǡ
ʱһߵ˵ǧ߷ˣԺԺһöȣվɣΪСӣԼķһк⡣
ǧЦôɣүףԺȻϸүķһ㴫˻ȥҽǵĸ忡СӣүСʹ
ˣѾ˵壬Լͷĸ˵ɡʱ㵱ӳͷְţ˻ýʡ
𿴺¾ֻӣʵ˿ڿɲ١
ҪǺүʱھеͬۻһЩǲˣһЩˣǺ׾ϵũׯš
Ͷ˰裬ˣЩļҽǩٸūģŵҪ뿪ҪǵӲѼ
үˣЩҽ˼ѡģΪͿѣǰɱϲʱĪҵûһ
Īҵˣսˡ
Ϊ̫ļҽ٣ȴΪӴ
ҿǸ׬Ǯĺ֣ʮ̺Ͷʮũׯ⼸ٽǧ˿ڡôѹ֮£ʹĪ¶˲ңнʡļҷ硣
ʱﰵ룬Ҳԡһ߳ԣһƷ¥ĲƷһ㣬ÿ˶ɫζȷһһЩ˽顣
ʱԼߣһƷָֻţʴ޿̣žһѿϣˣûꣿóԾͱԡ浱ĪǿջԲԵúã
뿴ʱһۣЦҿˣһЩóԵģ϶Щǿ˵ʵڵģôϵΣۼҸûӡ
ۼҵĳǸӵĻͷȣˣ޿ͶĪĪֲԸ԰ʳǱزپҵΪĪĳǲ̫ϸҲѳԡĳӣ˵ܻģ
ʱƳһۣ˵ֳԣﰵǸԻ̰ͼڸ֮
緹ʱٴݣǰȥϺүͷ밲
йоصүϽ˲裬ԳСʱƺүΪүүĸס
һŮӺүүĸףǳƺΪ̫ĸôƺȻŵԼΣԼŷĵµλ
ү϶ػ˼䣬˺
̣˳û۶ӡ
ʱλ½ŵĸүֵ̫Щ
λס꺮ů˵ʱýݣк֮үൣֵ̫ˣɸǣǻġ
ʱо游ĸ뵱үˡ
˰һȹ˲裬˵һЩ滰ɢˡȥ£ʱȻȥԼүȥ鷿˵¡
ҹʱѾĸˣڣʱ㲻ö˵ֱл游ϸ˵ԼĹ̺ͻ·ӵ¡
ĪϺүܰѾ֪ĵϸֻ㲻ٳ֪еİ£û˵
Ŷܰʲô˵дɽʱ֪ܰһǱƯںϵ¥˹ݣȻԸ¥˹ݵĿɽҲ߯ˡ
ܰϰϴܼҵֶ
ԣܰĴɽ
ӵľȷжϣĪϺүЦһūŵֶʲôܰƾݣ˭Ҹܰ
ºӾˣϰ֮ʱܰƳһۣǴǸߴ󣬾շͣüӺϣٲȻȻ
ʱһûϸ룬ʱ游ѣϸ˼
ٹƶڵʳסеȷжٶ˹淶ܶණǮõģÿ
ô㣬շĴֻԽٸ׷ץ˲졣
ܰôݻ㻨ȻڴǶüö֮ҡǾͲǿɽӲӲˡ
ʱһ¶ˣܰĲҵԲûйٸҶһԽƵĻ


53 
Ƿ۸ү
Īүϡĺ, ʵʲôҵø㣬ΪʲôҪ㻨
˵ˣһںƶŵ¥˹, ˽, ܹʲôӪ
Ǯô, иΪʲôҪ˱ӵ⣿
ʱ뵽ӸԼ˵, ֮˽ܰ, Ǿ˵, ܰĴǽӿ, ˵ģ϶ûʸ, ˵ܰĹ£
Ǿ䡸֮˽ܰ, ܹ¶ûʸˣ˵ģ
ӸͣҪˣ㲻Թ, ֻҲĸ߼Ļš
ųƧõĿ, ټܽĿ˶ǵ֮, ʱȻδ㳯֮ˡ
ں, , ˵û£ֳԼ
͵µ۵ʮһӣճ
͵µ۵ĺ󹬷ƽ, Ԫ֮, Ⱥλ̺, ʺĻӱܴתգ˵ճݡ
ĵճֵһ㲻ռţΪ֮ǰӶǵճеһĸͬΪڶμ̺
ȻͬΪճԪתյֵҪ󣬱͵µΪ̫ӡ
Ȼ˵ճݣҪФ֮λʵѾѮһһãԳúʹǵƿԽԽԻλ뷨ĻǶڼӽ֡
ĪϺүҡҡͷһΪԼ
Ϊ
ĪϺү㡣ֵͬģϽڻжɫһĻȨУɱΧֵֻܽˡ
ʱʵ游֧˭
Ϊ֮ڴǺαز뵽ǵĹҧȥ˭ϻλǾӵ˭ĪϺү˵ү;˾ʱңҪйעвɲСˣŻ֪ܰһЩ顣
ֻע裬ȵͷѾˣץסͶЧңǴô󳼵
ĩˣĪϺүʵ뱻ֱܰǹӽüҪ˵ζʲô
ʱ²£ûӦһ֮±ӺԼ£˵˲ţҲñ£ȥ
ֲõԼ˵֮󣬲---ʱ뼱طֱ磬˵ûΣ˶ϣֻġ
֪ôģ뵽ܣʱͷ·һԾ벻Ǹḡ˵֮ˣá
ĪϺүЦ˵дˣԵԵˣϷˡü̳һˣ㲻һˡܱ˼£ڵˣ϶һˡ
ʱԸݻЩܣԸⱻἰ游ֲ˦ӣ⣺ǸӸ˵ԼĻ˵ʡˣһ٣˵˵в벻ôźá
ŷҲŮƵģڼﲻóš
ĪϺү⣬ֻŵʱ򣬶ɼҽűǡĪϺүԼҼҽսġ
㣬ûɶʱ͸үĵϸ
ʱɫ˵үүѾ˵ˣ˿ģҲɶģȹ꣬Ǿͺ롣үүҪˣԸӣ˽£ض̫̫ĵϸһ취˵꣬תߡ
ĪϺүֱͦıӰͷζ죬Żع̾ٳѽ
游꣬ʱȥĸ׽ĸ׽صǶԴ̬⡣
ʱͬĸʵϵĸԺö̫ա
ʱסǼҵķͣصСˣԺʹҵС˺ͷ游˵ˣɼҽ档ڸһӦöȣϹȥˡ꣬ӷͷȥˣҾ͸롣
ȵȣתҪߣϸϽе˭ϲˣ
ΪʲôҪˣˣΪʲôһţͲܶأͲܻڣΪʲôһҪӣˣ
϶ȻУҪҺ룬Ҹ㼱ȻûϲˣΪʲôҪ룿Ŀǰүֵûѽؼˣֲ׼ˣʲôʱܱӣ
ʱţûչ˵ĸ׵ĸҾҾ֣˳ȥ
鰸ǰԽԽʱҲû鿴ˣ˰죬ѾͷԸȥҵĻүѡСˣ档СҪģҪϼѵġ㿪ҿⷿüƥӳү·ļѣȸסѣƷҲ׼ס
뵽үӴӺ̳ʱʲôûУַԸٸүʮȥöȡԺÿ£үһүһ
ѾϲشӦȥˣԼү˵Ҫ룬үģã۰үӣ϶벻ˣ
ʱصԼԺӣתһȦûҵ룬һʣС˻˵үҪڸ䣬ϤϤ
ʱ鷿뿴飬ʱ䡣һ鷿鷿ʮ࣬ȶ౦ϵ飬Ĺһ滹˿дԱҡ
˿ϵּʷ۳Բ󣬱ʻͦһ֪¹๦ֵġʱͷ֣дûС
дôһֵֺˣ϶Ǹˡʱ㲻²⣺òϾԵľӰɣвŻ£Ҿʱǵùģû飬ôӦѲɣȥܰˣҪ飿
ʱʮͨԺԣŹֻͻСѫ󣬻ûԵĴ㡣
ãʱŵȵһԺӣ뿴ʱ㣬Цʱ㣬Ժӵȡúãϲͷ磬иԡȡ磬˷磬磬Ϸ硭һҼˣⶥͷ磬һ±סˡ
ʱö໰ֻ鷿л㡣
鷿֮ʱ㿪żɽ˵˵ɣ˭Ϊʲôȥܰʲô£㱻ǹӳ
λֻҪ˽ܰı֪ܲܰεܰĻӣ˵Ҳѣ˵ףȴҲס
ܰͨ׬ǮǴҪĿģҪΪ£Ա˲ţǿԼֻҪԸҪ˵λӣֻ»ܵõ
֪ܰĵϸױף֮ΪֱŪ¥ҪŪֻΪ¥ױжüϺУԿȥױ˶
ѽҪ˼ұǹ಻˼ġЦһ̬̹䣬а㲻˼
⻹ʱһֱ룬֪ôģԼЦݻһ۾Ͻ񣬳˵˵£ҪƤЦ
˿ڲ裬飬˵ʮ졣
Ͽٹ£֮ڣʱѧӸǵ˲١
Ҿʶһٹĳ򣬿һ۽硣
޹
һ£ŵûС
дòһ˿๦ģΪɡʱЩŵʣŹûУǸͯ


54 
ε
ʱ㿼ʱ, һͿˣоʮף벻뿴űԼ, Ȼûп, ͷ
ʱ֮, ȴչһЦЦǳʵѧ, ȹҪЩƽտع, ΪܴǵλͲƸΪ, ƾλ, ӹ, ȴ, СҲͨƽӹһ㣬
ԼˣЦˡʱ㱾뷴༥˵Ҫ, 㼥ЦôȥˣշĻ, ڱĳǼŵ, Կ۽磿
ô㣬һֻ, Ȼշ, е棬غӰס˭֪Ƕ֨֨˵
Ҷ˵, ҾԽ档װǮ, ȥ˭֪, ҸȥӶϲȥ
ʱز׽һؼʣװǮˡ룺ǸûǮߵᡣţֵúãȺʱ򣬿ԶಹЩǮ
ϣһʱ𣬱ֱӻĿˣǴ͡òףŶµ
ʱĵӻĿˣҪ£֮ˣλεضŴֻҪǵж̽ӡ
֪˻ţʧɫ׽ڴһɶһͷӻ˻
ʱ̲ס˵Ȼ󣬻Ͼ˰׽ȥ˵ˣܾҰһ㲻Ǹͷࡣ
˵ţµò׽ңǼʵĿͿϴҪǰ׽ңҲŲȥ
˴Ͱڴˣ
ûСʮؽе㣬Ҹ˵ǻϵ˻úܣͿҺȥһҳȰƣҺͿ˼͸оϲԾˣǾҩ
ʱ㼥Ц㻹£㲻ȥշĻ-
ٺң˼µҩҡ
ʱ̲סЦǣ֪ѲƷƷ
ʲôĻ⣬ʱһȫûŮĳ֮ڿڡʱ㲻Ծǰʮַɣȫ޽䱸ʲô뵽˵ʮȻ˵ˣҲûò˼
ʱһۣ˵ȥֻȫˣûһվվסֻƾʩΪ
Ƕʲôò-˲ɷ-ΰɣ
ݡע⵽ڴˣǡʲôȥ̽ӣ˲ҵ
Ȼأ
Ҿ˵Ǹˣ治ʶʲôʲôġȻǱ·ˣӽҿ󡭡
ܰҪ£֮˳Ը裬˲Ҫ֪ðɵ϶
ֲʱ뱻º֮û¾ˮ׳ԭҩ
ʱҲûͷƵġԼڼҽظ֮ʱҩЧϴˮ裬ҩЧˣõʱ򣬲û⡣
ʱһתЩԲͨˣʵǻλү̽ӣ
룬˵ţ
˻ӣͬǼ̺ճӣԻλ뷨ģѾ̫ӵˡ
ʱۣ룬˵أ
û
һˣǰôܲס֮ʣͲҪϴϴ·
ʱһĲţûֻҪӣʲôûУ뻻·¾ǣαҪ챳һϾʹ˵Ʊ·顭ȫûˡסĪʲôó
ǣȹ¼ҹ˻ɾ
ⷬϢһԲᡣ·ˣϴֱ»´Ǿ£ϴ£˵ǸˣΪͻ
ʱʳһ⣺ˣ
θݡ
ʱ㻹û뿪˰죬Ҳû˵ʵʲôӪ
̡
Ŷηѽֲö鲻ȥԣԭͭηӣ
ʱļͥƺôϲ˵ԼļʮּԵ˵Լֵʮеģܸɣִ˼ҵһֵʮе壬Ĺҵӳˣ
ʱĵģɶηӣǮ˲𰡣һ֪˶ңôӡǼҺã游͸׶û檣Ȼ˶ȷʵЩ
׸ģȻ檣õĽҪŮԴס
漴ʱְԼŶޣǼٵģҪģʲôŮԴףЩʲôѽס
˽һļͥ㹻ˣûҪʵ̫ϸʵʱ㣬Ǳˣ֪֪ܰǻĵϸ
ʱҲţԼ游Ϣһһʮ롣
Ȼ״Ҿ˵ͨƽշĻԭүĲҵѽǣүĲҵշĻҲԽѽǻʵô׷
˽Դʥģô룬¹ܡȻʱٴθ룬ĪҪĪĹأҪԺΪǰ֪ˣɷָɼҽ汣
Ϊ˴ﵽĿģʱϣǼ޸ˣ֪мλӲġǿɶЩǲлᡣ԰ûܣڸŰȫ
˵ӿ檣Ȼͬʱ޼ɡȢȰѸηɸɵ
ҶˣĻ㲻޽ʼң͵ðұˡһѪץסҪ㣬ȫʱŻ
˵ͷ˿ɫվ˵Ҫȥˡ
ʱ棺ˣʲôˣˣ
ţүүĸóֺòˣТλ˼ҡһ᲻ˣúòóԣƷˣ֪ˣ
Ȼ˵ٹϱϴТŵϰף׸ֲϱʵɲ³Тš
ԸϰףǲǱʾԼŶݣʮͬ
òϷɣ漴ʱͷЦߣ
ϣʱԵļȣᣬţ㿾졭
ĪûгԹĲƷ϶ǳĪһͷ֣֮Ȼֱʡ
󣬰̿ϰѿ䣣ۣĲ֣һƬһƬТĪϺүϷˣԼүĪʱ㡣
ĳ̶ȣȻǹ߳Ƭ⡣ĲƬТĪϺүˣʱְ֮ʣµĲֶƬССģ͸ĪҵǷʳ˵үûЩ㵱Ǹү͸ҵһá
ҶûгԹĿ⣬仹ƵĽϳԣζζٵõ˳ֵ㡣
뻹˵ܶƷԺһһƷ
һٷλ¸үõĪǵһºͽڳޡ
Ȼصͷ磬ʱǹģ
ЦѽҸŵģûиֲҵĳҵȻõ㱾³ֺðͽңȻô㣿


55 
Ϊ
˵, ûˣʱ㿪ЦǴܰ񵽵, Ҫ, һȥܰ͵źˡ
ʱ㷭һۣû𿪣㻹ٱһΣԣ
Ż⣺˵, ܰҪ֪û˿ƽŷ, ǻ᲻ɱһΣ
ȻԼôܰ, ôºӵĹ൱ϸ, ʱܾ˵òʵ, 
˵, ڵ, ԼӺ˵ΪŷֻĪв¼ɡ
пܣΪĪͶĳү, Żȥǳ, Ժ˵ΪĪ
ʱԼǸ游, ĪϺүź룬, , ˴ؼң˵Ǳܰºӵģ뵽ˡڲ뵽, Ҳˡ
ô죿
ĪϺүѾȥ˻, ˵Īĸү, ǰʲôĪǵ鷳ҲϣǲҪĪү鷳򡭡
ôʱ֪游ʲôݻ
ɵӣ̫ˣ̫ʵˡûлˣԼȥ롣Щ˵
ĪϺүӵļͷ˵䲻ʼңҲ²⣬ֻ±»뷨Ϊ١Ժø˾ǣӽѧѧԲͨ£˾̡
ʼȢظ費ˣǿ԰ڵϣϣùٸܷ󵽸˸ԵͻԵӴ´ͨ裬ʵӶıٹս˥ǰܵĹơ
͵µʹˣɥʧ˽ȡ֮ģϲЩͶȡɣʡ˵£ϣ翵ĸˡ
ѫԲƾ٣ˡȻһ£˵Ĺλ̫ߣҶΪй٣ֻΪʾʵ۶ѫǵĶ衣
Ϊܷʱˣ͵µ۶ʱĶλ̫ͣҲְܲ賯£ҪһʵȨڳӵзȨ
׵죬ڼﲻסˣ䱸ʱָɵĸҽ׼š
ȥʲôʱſʡ׸죬ôͲˣ
ȥ䣬ʲô
û²ȥ
Цӯӯؿʱ㣬üͷ΢΢һʲôˣƾʲôҳ棿ģεģĪʲô
ǰԼһǿ˽ֻĪסͣƾʲô٣ʱôһ룬ƶʱˣ˵Σգжڴ⣬ȥΪá
ǣҳ£һѽ۷Яֹ֣ĽɷһŮ˵ţȥʱ֣ƺҪһôЯֹ֡
ʱɿһƷĻȥ˼ҪֹǴϣڼµˣʡӬƵģڼ˵صҷɣ˱׽˵ɳȥ
أȫʱġ̡ܽʱԼѾ˿ĵȰ˵вȻȰ˵Ǿ͵ǿӲֶΡ
ΪԵԼ۶Էֹǡ֮ʱڷĳ֮ʱﻹ˵ú˵Ҫֶţûҽ̣
žһʱ׼ȷسϣʯһʱֻ޹һ㣬»
ѽ뱧ֽźأ־ٵʱǰƤˡ
ָֹͣ޳𪣬̳һ㣬һ͸Ź׾ʡ
ҲʣʱôָоֻϣеԵĺۡ
ʱһЩ죬ֹǣ⧻֮£ȻûϣӣѽѽˣŴɰɡ
ʱһƿ֣ͷ˵ˣҪֶţһأû˼
аɣջ֣˵ˣһϽȥ档
˭˵ˣʱ㲻˵ˣתݿȥˣȫȻûʶڸĽУһδΰ䣬ĳǱս⡣
ųżҽȥ֣һʱļҽ㶼ˣһʣ˵үȥ˶Уһ߳죬һ߹ˣϷݣЩֵĳʳߣ˵ȥүƷ
ļҽŸţ˸ˣүƷ쵹ˡ
ʱˣͷ󼱣ɼҽȥңãز죬һˣ⣬û˱ҪǱͼıƹҪѷˣ
ĪϺүһ߶Ҫסû׼һүԼͻˡ
˭֪һʱʱʱȥˣˣҲûӰɳȥ˵ļҽǣҲûҵˡҲû﷢ɱ⵹ҲϢ
Ȼ˵һĪǶǸԸģɸү߶ˣˣһģȫûԷ
ɫѾھʱ̲ס˵Լĵģòǡ·˰ɣΪдˣԵԵʼҶҪȢԼһȻΪķ̺Ц
˵
ĪϺүȰˡ֪жȢȢأ׼ĺͷϣвҪӵ
ĪձսŲĸүʮֳƽ
ҹˣˣĪλӲǵĴߴ£ݲݳЩӣˣȫڴɳȥѰ˵ļҽǻѰҽ
ǣһҽڶнַϸŸү֪ôģһ۴תͷͶ˸үӰ󣬸үʯһ㣬ȫʧ١
żҽһδ治ҵүʱԽסˣ̲ס˵϶ˡڶô˵ĪϺү˶û˵˻Ἣ̾һ
ǰЩŵγƺүүĸףԼԼ鷿ҿԣÿ׽ЩɣǼٵģƭ˵ģΪ˽Īҵľ裬Ϊ׼
һֻʣǮηӼﳤ󣬶飬дһֺ֣һֺòˣԲԶε˵ĪηӼңݸ֮⣬ʵûʲôơ
£ȻͽֺĪ˵ɡ
ʱ룬ΪĪңûаѺſж߲ʡ
Ȼ˵ηȣȷʵ߲ʡһηӼҵ׸ţԾһĸʡ
ĪֺùֺãüĿ̬֮䣬̩ȻݣĪǰ˿ûūɫȨƣԲѱ̬֮
ȥ룬̬ʱܻĳʲôѫҵӵܣǸͬһײˡ
ദԼûһɫһپҪԼ˿롣Ī˵ʲôƣʲô
˵ˣȻûкͼ־ٲƽӹ֮ΪʲôҪĪһ΢ģûǰ̣Ц׸
ԼԼҲҪܡ
ʱһ˼ֻޱɥʼʡԼǲǸöһ㣿ܸøһ룬һĪɡ
˶ˣʲôˣ򼸺ѳɶ֡
ʱԼҪ룬ɻ̲סҪ룬ţȻһͷе죬ȥͷᣬĶڲڣ


56 
Կ
·ô, Ҫʰϸһ㣬ĪϺү뵽, ˵Ѿȥ鿴ˡ
ô
Ǽ, ûԺ, ûʲô
ĸ׸·أأ
˵÷ӻû·, ô졣Ҿ޷, ܵԼЩ, ʮ, Լá
ĪϺүԸȥһ, Ҫûӡ
, ر˵үĹͷĶӣԼİ붧
˼֮ʱ, ֻӣʮѾ, Ϊʲôһߣʮ, ʾһԼĸ߷ڣ
˵ֻ, ҪܡֻǸŵĳͼҽ߶, ΪʲôԼѾ˵ˣһ˵Σգȫ߷磿
ֻ, ʱֻʱľ·, ֪, ƺĪˣΪΪҪҳӵӡ
˭˳ӣӴԽԽãĸ¾󲿷Ӳߣ
֪Զİʱ㲻ĸ׺游ΪԼҹȰȥ˯Լڴһҹ
һ磬ĪϺү𴲣ȥ˯ԼڴȺţȫҽ
жģȥү٣չ⡣
ĪϺүǲ˼ļҽֱθݣȥݷô˵ҽףܵͨͨ˴߶߶
ȥ׼ͨ£ĪϺүһģҲܵòЩԱ֮⡣
ºˣܣĿӻϼȥĪϺүֻ˴һЩӿⷿĳҴҸ
һǸ׼ͨһ棬ҲŰץ˼
磬ĪϺүǵĳ緹ŵ˼Ҵүүˣ
ĪϺүһ˿ӱߣ˰أͣסˣ̶ȥǰڳԷԸȥϢүҲһ·ˣҪκСڵ¡
һŷһһҹ飬Լ汲ģȥӭӣʲô̫ЩСˡ
ʱȻһҹû˯ڴϣǷȥ˼ǰ˯š
Ϣϵſʱֻŵ˷ţһһߣԶŵһ޹˵ľҲۣһδѵӡ
˵һҹģ˼жмҽˣ벻֪һҹ
뱻˷ţһҪӣʱͷֱðƫԸŭһöûУֻԸȥ
˰ţʱŵˣп˭ġ
һ˻˵͸үˣѸүݳ뿪ˡһүʮָˣﱨѶûüʡ
һ˻Ų˵һװεͦ񲢲ߣǮõ֡
ʱûʳʲôһӻת˶ͷ磬һԼԺӣԸСǰȫ·ˣˮ壬ԡ
˸ѡʹСˣ˵ĶȰүʹã䲻䣬ˮģү¾ˮܡүͷȸүˣ˵ǣɲð
ʱֻͷϣһ룬ûк֮ģȰԸСˮϴ裬մ˾·ˣóյѾ
ˣĪģĪذˣҸøȥָճĪϺүѶϱˣҪֹСӵ£Լȥףǰžиˣ¾ͳˡг棬Сӵ
һ˯˯춼ˣԾûѣ治֪׺˶ٻغ봲ߵСкüˣҽеҪɱңҪɱң
ʱС˵ܹȥվڴߣĬĬؿʡ
ѵþƹ룿ʱߣʵ˭Ҫɱ㣿
ڳ˯ˣ૵ҪɱңҪɱңʶػ˻֣ƺҪץסʲô
ʱ֣ץסԼץúܽƺץҪĶ˱㰲һЩٺҽ£ƽƳ
ʱоץסԼֵɣ룬ʱһץסʱȻսʧȥؽеߣҡ
ƶƲѣ̸ʱʱ㵱͵ش֡۽ŵؽеߣߣңҡ
ת뿪֮ʣʱʶƺֳʼǿ޷̽׽Ŀ־ʹ
ʱԼϢ֮˯ˡ벻ĪסֵͣΪҹغ
ҹʱ㱻ǽѣƺˣ̫ܺľƣܣҪҪˮģСʹתʱ㲻ȥŻ˯
գʱ֮һϴһСˣûС
С˻˵Ѿˣֻǻţڴϻָ
һϵ侲ʱҲûôˣ緹ʱСҪҪүʱߵˣõ룿ҹ
ʱ⻰һ˵꣬Ѿ˽˼ߵӣĵɫԽ԰㲡֮ʣеƮǾֽ֮
һݵ˶룬һ̹ȻءƮʱ£һϵĲˣ̾ϢǷҡ϶Щ嵭ĲƷ˷ԸģЩθѾơ
ʱûж໰ӱ㿪ԡҲûж໰ųֻʱоõһ߳ԣһ̧ƳԼüΡ
ߣ֪飿
緹ʱȥ鷿ҹգԼĶᣬʱ㷴һץ½Ͻ鷿ȻĨһ㣬һȦַɿһȦΣȦεȦ붥Ȧ䶯ãʱһŲסȦΣûƿȦΣ룬ʵǰȥĶˣ
˼ûȦεԷ壬̱ȦϣЦѶƹ𣿡
ôһںӣһ¼ŭʱ㣬ȵƤЦ֪֪ǰһҹδ飬Ī˶ټҽˣ㣬۵ҹδߣʲô˵Ķ֣㵹ãȥȾȥˣȵʲô˵
ʱ˵ôһ󳵻ЦŷʣĪʲôˣʱشԴһϵĸүѡҪҵ𣿲áһҹ飬żңֻ鵲ûˣü޽ʼҡ
ʱ㱻ĻҭסˣԹָĻһʱ˵
ҪһƣҪи֮أǸȡˡ㲻ҪһӸʩҵӣҲǷĪʲôҴӦ£һûк֮ǰҲܡǲһҡ


57 
ұ
Ļ˵ֱ̫, ˺ɴֱ࣬ʱ˺ܲ
ʱʵȥ, ȻϵǷǹ, һ棬˶֣ʲô, ʲôҸ˵, 㲻ڼҺúô, Ҫðűɱķ, ܳȥ, Ⱦ, һȺһҹ, סջһҹ飬Ҳȸƹкɣȫǵĸܣ, ҺݣŲ, Ұڼ, Ķ׼ȥ
ǰͨغ룬ʱ˺ܶ, һʧ, кܶ²⣬ڶĲ²УҲŵĺ͹, ĺΪԼĹϵ˻ǵĶ֡
ôܰүүĸ׵ĹһĨɱ
ң, ȥȦ, 
ʱϼȵذȦжá
ŭſ
ţ
Ŀɣȫʹɼܡ
ſ
ţӦңٲţԹԴڸҶȫ
ЦҵͽɣųϣҪȥܵң
ŲţҴȣ
ţôţǰ磬ţΪҲ֪Īʱ㣬պݶСˣҿҹͷӲ
һֱΪԼڲصúܺõС񶾣Ȼ֮䱻һڽҴʱԽŭ˵ݶӽͺݶ㿴
һ׸ļٷôţ
鷿Խ˵ԽߣС˷ɿȥˣүݣҪϸүȣ
һϽܹһԺӣӸү鷿ƹƹңӻвбվţʲô㣿
˸Ͻֹеס֣ס֣лú˵
鷿һ鷿߰㵹һأӸүһȶ౦š
౦϶ЩᣬҲһЩֵǮصԼ鷿аϧ᲻Ʒ౦񣬲ֻøүΧŶ౦
߹ȥһץס⳶ʵ£
ǵȫԺԲƣֻʱ㲻棬㱻һߡ
ʱһȦΣ˷ҳž͸״˿ɶΪʲôȾƣҹޣʵҸҶ죡Լִ򡣡
찡ν죬ͨǳ߶ԱϵоѹƵһʹá
ʱȻڸĹϵУԼռѹơ
һ״Ŀǣһ±ԼķĪӡ
ؼǵãĪҲôһǿƵԸ񣬻ڻϵռϷ硣
ǿƵŮӣҲ֮ˣٲ÷𷴿һʱ䣬ĪӵĹϵʮֽšǴϻ֮ˣָӲգֻϵԽԽ㽥˸գ˺޹ϵ
ˣ˶ӵĸ״øүԼͬ˵£Ǻúøү˵ڶ
˳ԼӶ౦˳ԸС˵裬ǰ²裬˳¡
ȻЦĸˣҸʱ棬ûµġһĸסеȻ˳ȫŲ졣
ʱһûס룺Ϊʲôûһ״άҲûôУˣ˳ҲЦأҸģʹˡ
ʱһһң£Ʒ죬Ծס룬Ц̣飬ܿ˺忪ˡ
ʱһ˼Ӻ͸үദƺ˵ЦӦд𣬲ڸɼܵӣΪСˡѱ项Ʒ˼ڲ裬ֶǺú˵ĪҪ֣뿪ˡ
ֻ֮ʣζؿһۡ뱨һĵЦ
һߣͷλӣͶսʱЦһࣺ˵ǰȥˣʲô˺ȾȥˣֻǰôͱˣӸ¡
ҲûǰǰһѪ˵˵ˣֻĪסҵ£ĪҹܣǰԼҪһʱϲ
һ⻰ʱˣʲô²ĪҹܣҪڵĪҵĸүʲôıλȶ·ѵ˵ĪûϵټҾͻĹĪңֻҪ㻹ĪҸүͷһ죬£Īҵ£ĪҾ͵ùܣ
뿴ʱ㣬һԼ㣬һЦңԡֻʵˣϲʵĪҸүͷҪΪĪҸү
ģһˣԼʱˣ
ǣֶˣĸ׵ĻʱѻֵĶʮӲһĵ˸ȦϣȦĵڵء
ʱֻ˲䣬ʹ˴Σ˳ߣ

ûôݵķӦûֹﾭĳһûŵļҽôᱻ˦ûϲõĵǹӰ򶨣
Ǹӣ뵽뵽벻ͨˡ
ͨ˺ǿ֪ܰͨôððȻȥ´ӻĿˣô׵ܰǲ
˼ո˵
ǰ룬ͨ˱ҩӽüˣ̳Ҳôһôݸˮûˣ纮û£
һУֻһ仰ˣǸӡ
ʱظһβʾ䣬ǿ϶䣬˱ƭķŭȻΪʲôҪװһŶ౦ܸȥⲻˣ
ʱ¸ˣһվȥԺǺúôһܡ
үǣ˵͸ɼܣֵ׼£˭ȭͷӲ˭ϴ
һҡͷҲ򡣡
ʱΪ뵨֮ʱ뵭һ䣺㲻Ҷ֡
ƣȻԼȹˣҪһܣ֤Լʵ㲻ʵ𣿸Ҵ򣬴ӮˣҾʵ
뷴Ӧɿ죺һΪ
һ˲䣬ʱȦ׵ĸоֲϳϣó˾Ǳ䣬ʱӲʵҪˣֵΣ
ܡ
£ȥԺڼС˵Χ£
ĴǱûһʮ׺ݣ·ÿһÿһʽ޲ðѶԷſڵأغͺ֡
һ˵ȭ֣Ȥ
ʱҪĪǹһսϣɱеĹ򡣴ʱûãѵһЩʽȭУԵ֮ʣִ󿪴ϣ磬ѹŴ
ȻڳȻ·磬շתŲһУٿٿˡ
ҸʽۻңʤıʱԸߣȴСĸַӵ˼¡
Īҵ˼ҽ۱䣬Թ۵С˶޹ĿȾյģԱ߿õľ룺ҪҪȥ˰
ղ鷿ˣǸСЦǺǵ˵档ȻûǣȥҪ˵ģԼ϶óԹˡ
ǣȥˣλ򷨣˵ôô죿
Īҵ˶ôѡ


58 
ұ
Сͷ᳦ٽ, ֪òȥ֪ˣеսѾ˺üˡ
Ȼ־һͬⳡ棬ǴӮԷ, ѹԷֶ, Ǳд裬ȭ֮, ȫ޹Ǻ֣Ǻ޲ü°ѶԷڵʹĦ, , һ, սȻ
Сԥ֮ʱ, һʱ, Ӳʱһײ, ȴ֮ƣʱײڵء
ʱ㵥ֳŵأԾˣ롣
˵ʱ, ʱ, ɿץסʱһ, һŤ֣֮, һһعʱ㱳ϡ
ʱԾ, ѹصϣһֻţʹ, ֻýŵصַȥ, ֱ׽ס, Ծɷڱϡ
үүܣôͽˣүǺܴôôͱүסˣСǿĿɿڴ
봭˵˵ˣ㲻Ҷ֣䣿ʵ˽ʱ䲢䣬ʹȫ־գɵҪ
ſֻ˰㣬ٴʱĿϾʹ䣿䣬͵ø˼Ϸˡ
ʲôЦŲļأҪءǿϢ˲޵ĸ
˵ʱһֱֻ̧һŤ꡹һذְӸжˣ
ʱû뵽ôģ֣ĵľʹɵòҺֻǺ˰뵽ǰʾӲѲҺҭȥ˻룬Ϲۣô÷εĶ
뵭ЦǺǣĪүһԾֽŵɣֻжӣʲôģһжϣֻҪϸ䣬ϻȥ
ʱһһĵľʹе㰵ң䣬ٱȹ
ǴܣǱд裡ҲǶԵеֶΣûʶƣˣѵүүûн̹㣬ս֮ϣһвݵٱȹ
ҲܣҲ䣬Ҫٱȹʱֲּʣ䣬ܼϷˣ˼룺ְӶжˣҾͲ䣬㻹ô죿
꡹һɴذʱһְҲжˡ
ʱʹЩιȥﻹǿؽеģӾǲ䣬бɱӣ
һȥ
СȫûӦ룺үүİжˣҪҪ֪ѽ
ٺȵСүҪүԲ˳ȥ
СǾˣүҲ̫ˣҪ컯֮£ĻϯصԲ˵²Ǽٵ
ʱһսең
ҵһѼ֤ϸǰ·Բ쾭֮£ʲôҲҵģ
㡢㡢㡭ʱ汻ŵˣִ򲻹̺ݻŲ룬֪˵ʲôˡ
ƺȲˣֺȵȥԹСү
Сһ˳ֹԺšһЩС˷ǳôзԺȻˣȴŷơһЩС˾鲻ףڻǾȥ˱š
Ժʱ̱ǿѹȥźúǰȷſҡ
䣡ʱ㻹ԥֵ䣬Ҿ͸ְӽӻȥ֤˹ͷ
֮£ʱֻ䣺Ӯ
뵱ʱſ˶ʱѹƣȻַΪʱı۰ఴŤͣʱѾʵı۰ͻ˱ѡ
۰ͻؼѺ˫ľʹ˲٣ʱżۣӵôƣС˽еˡ
Ժһ죬˽ؿӣڸʲôͷġ
棬ʱĸ׸״˵ԼҲ̫ûˡһ˿Ĵ·ϵĻҳһЦӸ档
˿ǸҴŵСˣתӵ˵ү۰򶼴ˣ
ʱæѸսӻȥıۼĸ׿ʲôˣֻ˾ʡѾӻȥ㿴ûˡ
ʮȻվʱ࣬ǸС˵Ҹү棬ƫ£ȥ˸ǰҽӡ
Сίүү첲ˣүʹ̺ݻүү䣬вҪ˵ĶʵѽӸǰҷֱ磬ֻܴͷԡ
ЦŽ͵ĸײصģСʱȭŹ˵ã̵СССûлëëţԼ˵ʱһСȭϣû֣ˡ
ʱСһ룬˵ϹĹǾˡ
˿˵·ȻմЩЩޣ룬¶춴ͷ˵һģùʶӷ£̲ˡ
·ĸү˱ϲֻ¼ȨòΪӸү裬ĸסʼ㽥ϲүˣøүͦġǸӣ̫һ㡣
׸ģãʵҲû̫ϵˣүҪԲּɡ
ڶӵԺ󿴿ҿòȷֻǡ֮֡󣬱ٴȥ
ʱʱ䴭ָܶˣʹҲôˣĸһߣԥ㳯һȭ˹ȥ̶ȭӣս
֪ʱʵû뱾ţֻ벻ʱôļԶ㶯ˣһûʱһȭϣնʱ
ʩչСŲһʱ׷һŻ˺ִܿһš
һΣʱȡѵðȴ
ʩ֮Ʈʱ
һ򶷣˫ȺֽԼͬزȡڱȫԼͬʱɱ˶֣սĲԡ
Ȼɱ˶ԷսΪĿģ˫֮ʣˣԽԽ࣬ԹҲʡ
Сһ߿ľǣǳһ߸ɺҪˣлú˵Ļ֮⣬ٲȥˡ
ˣСԺһʱһֱ˫ƣˣץסᣬʱѹڵϣŴˣ
ʱҪƿȴʹ˼βɣֻôŴ㡢㡢ʹթҼ򣬺ʹ
˾Ǵˣʲôɶûá䣡
Īѹӵļ򡣡ְѾʺȻ˻ȥʱսʱʹѾһ㡣
ҲΪʱϻʱԴһʱ˶ûٴս⣬Сǿڲˣһϣӻݣһϴ֮ȥҴơ
ͽಫҪ˺͵ˣ˿ڣ˸Ѫķӱˡ
ûţĪϺү˰·˹ȥ
֮ǵĴСﶼĪСӸ׸ķζϢ
ĪСʱɸôϢоȻ֮䣬ֶ֪׸ϢϰϲּСϢ޲ڲ෹󣬽ֵ
ʱԱС̧Ϣ֮ûñָ˾ϵҲЩСˣֻǴñ׵ģ㶼ŲֻСǰѷ˶˽ȥ
ʱҪɵʹʵ£ǹԴ룺ҪҲ͸


59 
1
һҹľ, ԼƵḶ́Լʲôûʳݺݴһܡ
Ҫ˵, ˵ս, ൱֮£ʱѷһ
ҪԼжԼ, ʱҹ֮, 븴˰췢, ˼֮, ٴεó˶ǸĻ, С
ͬʱ, һҹ, ȵ࣬ʱ鱾ܲԼһ
, һ, ֹ׵, ˭Ⱦƣȵô
ƺֻ˵˵ѣԶԿʱ, һҹҹ, δȥɧŹʱ㡣
һ磬ԾȥʱһԷ
ʱסͷβȴûһ, ̸Цʱ㲻, ˵Ի, һ㲻Ρ
ʶս֮ʱ㲻ͼȥ
ƺҲȻԾɾһȥ٣Īҵļҽôס뵹ٲҹˡ
֮䣬ƺһ˿ϧζĳ΢ƽ⣬
һºλȥθݸ׼ļҽˣͬʱ׼ҵ
뾩ǿƽĪҽףŷ˽ηҲĪңΪ˱ʾ׽֮⣬У˺ܶͬʱĸ׷¼⣬ҽһԵŰݷãʾ¡ӡ
Ȼ˻ûԲ׮·ǳʽ˻Ѽ֤º󻹵Ų˻飬ĻҲĪ
׼ҹǵŰݷãĪϺү˵Ȼôţӭӽȥ
СϢϽܵͷ籨š
ʱǡóȥˣʱŹˣϽ·ȥǰðݼ
ֻĪҵǸںڣ΢֣ȥһźֻ۾ַƾˡ
ʱ㰵һṆ̀볤һ㲻ҿ׸ҪǼ޵ȥ⿴⸱ݣҪ¡
ǵһμ棬ʱ°ݼ˲衣ĪҵЦǺǵؽӹˣת˸˵ҵ
ȻĪ˵˺ܶյҲ֡
ʱŵ˷ܽͨ棺үˣ
ҵװģ̾ӣڼҲǳܣǲҵˣԺۣ÷׼Һү̡ܽ
ĪϺүǫҿ׼ҹСúܺ˵ַȤТ˳Ǹúӡ˵ʵǴ
ҵ⣬첻ӵӰӣŶҳʱµĺݻ£ͷûס
˸֦ڶӸǰ͸ͷָðɡ˵̵ģ߲ȥӭӭ˳㰵ʾһ£Լףӡ
벢Ҫȥݼүͷˣֱӻضͷ硣ͷ£ûע⵽ղԣͷߣŸӭҴߡ
ĪѾסˣĪ˶ӡȴˣһۣ²µ˰ɣ
볯΢΢˵ͷһ˹ȥ
Īҵ򵭵ؕһ룬ĵͷҲǺү׼ң󣬶ĪˣǲмһˡȥӭӶӡ
ڳһĻˣһǲǸôʶһ
ǲûԷҲǿ˹װʶǵıĲʶһ
һ˽еүߣ㸸ף
ԣػͷĿ˴һɨڶ˸ողϡ
ҵˣǴһתͷס룬һĲš
˼Ϣ֮󣬻ȿڣߣǣĸװţж㡣˵꣬תͷˡ
ʲôף㸸ѽ
ʲôڳ˶֪ˣĪҳˣ
׼ҹӭˣһо۵ףͷκˣȴһ򶨣ȳӶ˸ɫ
ĸ״ɫʱҲͷȥͷ룺ӰӺ̳ʱСӹģ˵ҪöҵĪĶҪóĪĶСӻ˵ھǾĿף
˰еĽһӣڼҽͷô棬ҲֻɢȥԼ¡ĪҪûϣȳ˹䡣
Ȼ˳ҵЦ׼ңȵȲȥ
ܹΪϷеŵ˽ηӣҵҲǼ˵ˣݵľ֮󣬺ܿסͷɻ󣬶ѳЦݣ˵Ǻǣ׼ҼЦˡ
ĪϺүҵһҪݣȻܳȥӭûпǸʶһĻֻǿشģֻԼҶϱ׼ҹй죺͸үأ
ĪϺү˸ɫתͷϵѾСǷԸ˳ȥ
ʱʱһǰһϡĪϺүҾһ˵үүˣûϵ˵˻ѣͷԸ𷣡
Ŷ˭ĪϺүҲϢˡ
˵СѽĪҵţۼҵ£һ˵˵˵үʲôϵôɵݣ⻰˼ΣĪҸү
תͷѼľӶүһһɱ֡Ҳ֪ʲôԹҳߣ˵ؼҡѾõһˣΪʲôҪɳһһɱ׷ɱҪأӰ񻹲ʳӣ
ҵֻԷһľӣɫһƬңأ
Щľ϶Ѫдż֣ÿִһʿɳȥ׷ɱɵʿЩʿһһȥأ²ЩʿǲǱӷɱˡڣľƣľϵѪɫ֣֪Լ¶ˡ
ӲѰǲ׷ɱҲӵ٣֪ɱ֡
Ըˡ
ԣ׸ǿƽĪҵģɡɺ׳ɵݣͰ͵Ĵڲ˵ԼӾǰӣñסƽִȣȴһдϣ
ҵҧʵʲôϵΪʲôҪð
뿴ҵЦҸʲôϵֲʡ˵ˣҪһҲôĪ˿ƽĵ档
һ̫ˣϽԲѽүʵڲ˼ԭǸˣɽˮԶǣô˵ʶһԶǿ͡
ĸףһҾ
Ͼദ£˻ûŭӣ򹫹ĪϺүͷ˱˽нԸүѰһҿջס¡
ԶǿͣܰںҲҪ棬ܲȥ¡
ҵȥıӰ˵ҪǸʸҲĳ
ҵҶ˵ˡصݣȻҺף˵ĪүļҽϴˣǼɲδ׸ֵúңֲݲճ
ˣֻʣԼˣĪϺүʵСôһ£ŶǲǵֶǼٵģ


60 ϲɣ
ߣۣ
ʱɹ, ΪԼѾʶ뷢ŭˣɸղſҵŭӣĺâ, һ˿¶ȡ
Ȼ, ˫, ʱûķŭ, Ϊʱ, Ĵǻ΢Ц, ﻹůĹ
ʱоһ, ˳游Ļʵ㵽˭
Ҳǰ, СŶ, Ҳദˣô㣬ҲӦе˽ˣʲôѴ, ˵޷ġ
롣, , ֡ȥǸ, , 롣ͬҲɡ
Īҵأȴסڲ˵ˡʱ, ס, ʵǸʲôΪʲôҪðɵݣ
ʲô, ȽʱˣԻ̹ףֻڻСƺЩͳԵɺҲǳðɵݣ׷ɱӣǶϲϵġ벻Ƥô˵׸ȻףŶޣ޳ܣ޳֮ȡ
̾ҿҿ벻ηӵĶӣø׸ĺ׶ӶҪ׷ɱ׼ңҡ
.
º˵һֱʲôطԾԭүСĿԡȻؿһͲһطĿ
ĪϺү²ݣСգٹڣûʲôҡ
СܾǸͨա˵̫ˣǿҪðɣٻǸ֮ӡ
ĪϺүþ˵ٹСգڱտǹա
һ֮󣬰үӣ롣
ٰȻͬͬ壬ȴ꿪սĻٹܣǲô
.
ϴ֮ʱʹһ㣬ﵽᴰ£ĵѾϨˣôʵι˯û⡣
֪޲ԣ޲
ڵϹġñӡ
Ц˳ķ򣬺ڵϹð¡
ʱ׵Ҹ˵£
ǿһ˵һ߰¡ˣܴˣңʵ
û䣡
׿ڳӮˡ
ӮˣҲûˡ
ƺʱˣһû䣬˭ˣ
ΪӮˡʱ㰵ԶԼǿû䣬Ӯˣ
˴ܣ˶Ӯˣôģ
벻ЩûҪСϸʱЦĸ׺үүűء
ʱסƵģʱ˵ˣתߡ
طãôҹԵر죬ʱһ˭òǸ޳֮ͽ׷˰ɣ
ϣȻЦǣң˭
˵ţʱ˳ֳ˴ͷģҪǷ֮룬ͱͱ㣡
˵ңɶʰɡ
֪ôˣʱ⻰ȷģƺЩʧ䣬ɥɥ׷ˣΪ
澲˺һʱΪˣţȴ뱳֣΢΢ͷ졣
ŵͷʱ΢΢һЦ˵лл
ʱû˵˳Ŀ⣬ʡʱǡ³ֻһü£ϡļǳľʱöˣֻȤ
ͷ죬˵˵󣬻ữϵǳǻϿ㡣಻š
ⶼǴ˺岻µСӵĻɣ
ãŵͷˣȥʱϣ˵ĻġϿ㣬ڵϿ
˵ģʱţȴĪУЩĲʣķɣΪʲôͷҪģ
վʱûסʳ˽ʵ⣺ϲλɣֻͨѣɵĸʱֵôŭɶɭĿ⣬Ҫ˶⽴һ㡣
ʵģЦһתͷˣ߱һʫͬˣαʶ
ʱͷðһֵͷðɵݣֻΪǱʶϣɻţߣɻš
ţһ
ʱԼǸдǻ۵ˣһ۾Ϳࡣ
λǻ۵ˣڿࡹ֮־ͷе㲻ζ
.
֮󣬺͵µһگһѫ֮ңһλӵӼࡣΪԼʮǰ䲼ѫǵĶ֮һ
Ӽ࣬ζֻҪܾˣͿԳΪ١
Īҽӵگͷѩѫӵܶ͵µ۵˼ʱӹӼˡ
ӵگļʱұһͬѧѫӵһȥӼ౨
⻹ǳ֮ʱһθǰһˣѫӵǾһ𡣱ͦ˵ģԼҪ߳ʱɸӰˡ
ǣദãʱط֣ǰĺѣǰİȻҶطʧȥǰ޼޼ɵ
ŹӹлǰʱʮҪã˽£ĸʱ㣺Ƕǣλʵگ飬Ҫʱ࣬Ա㽫볯ǶġˣҪʱ㾴мӣٲǰһʱˡ
ԭԼңЩѫңã˻ʵ۵ⲽ塣
Ϊѫӵּܷ࣬仹һһ㣬ǰ;һƬõĸӼ˲ۣȥصѧȻǰѹӼ²ιһȦ
סڼ˹Ӽռļᣬռ˴󲿷õأɿ
ԼҪڼǿƶ飬ѫӵǵһƬ
ܿ죬Ǳֵ˸ԵļᡣǷֵļᲢһǷɢڶļ֮С
ԼӼЩѫӵǻͦչ˵ģǵļᶼһһ䣬Ǻ䣬ԴԼСͯһס
ֻ֮ÿѮһղܻؼһ뿪档ֿӣֻ취һ̿飬ȡͨ˱ҵΪ١ƽӼ಻бҵˣÿһСˣֻҪμΪ¡ͻᱻࡣ
ʱڼ˫ޣȡŹȻʵ۰Ӽ࣬߼·עҪ볯Ϊ٣ʱҲˣ㰲ĵڹӼ
˵գʱڽ̽¿֮ߵ˵˵ֱҪУڼţҪҪȥ
ҲǼǵһŹΣһӣҲ뿼ˣ书εĿ裬ǼǿȤĶʱһеֻ
ˣȥӺ顣ˣÿ俪Σвټǰϰ
ʱϢýϿȥԼ˹лǸȥСУʱСУѾۼ˲ǰӣļԼаʮˡ
ӼСУʵСٱĪСУˡ
ʮվżǰŹżӱȻ䡣Щڶʮಽ⣬мС
һɢҵӣֱûѾȲ𹭼ˡ
ǵģԼ˵Σˡ
ʱһ㾫ãԣǲġ
ʱһУ˿ҫ֮ģߵѡһӲ߻س˳ʮ֮ңָһɣʸ˰ϡ
Χļкãеļ֪ʱݣʼʱ˫ȫΪٹ
ʱƮƮȻһϤ˵ʮажѣɱвԶˡ
ڼæȭҾֱ


61 
2
Ӽڿʦȼʿ, ֱ̣
ʱһŤͷ㿴ֱ, оϵѪһֱӿͷ, ɫһǵͨ죬Щ֪ص㡢㡢㡭
㾹ȻǹӼֱ
뻺ǰ, ʱùʵղõʲô
ʱ, ûдлع㳯ʱߵĹл˵ȥһֻղĪõļ֦
ͬʮľ, ôʱùĹ, һļʸ, , Ǽк, ͸ж
һڼĽкʱĸĿУѹݻʱϣȻʼ˽ڿΡ
ڿι, Ŀûʱ϶ͣ, Ͱһͨ
ʱֻԼȫ̶״̬, ֪Լڸɶ
״̬ա֮, ʱûڹӼ࿴롣
, ѫӵԼˣҪһȥҾľ¥һ, ʾף, ʱȫûд˵Ȥ, ֻϽؼңץס
ʱòײŰѫӵܵľϻؼžʣǸûУ
С˻˵үʸүѽϳȥŵļҽˣֲ֪ʧٵȥˡ
⼸ĪҲֹ⵽⣬ĪܻɼҽŻɼҽÿθţǻᱻĪ˦
ʱߣĵǰҲ֪ȥˣҿ֪ԭ˦ҽ棬ȥӼڿȥˡ
С˼ʱɫƣȰүڹӼһȥүͷ밲ǡ
ãʱҲԼӵĻҪ˵ȥ游밲ѡԭǹӼֱ¸߸游˵Ӽлֱֲʲô˵еΪʲôҪǣ
ĪϺүʹˣսܹˣÿϱͣܡϵܣĥĪϺүЩĲ裬Ļ䣬˵ҿС£ǸзִӣԸֱݸǣĿǣԼǱǣҪĴ١
ôû٣ʱͷиϴĽ٣
үүȻǹӼֱôҲһ٣϶鵵˲ĵϸǺηϡʱĹĵǣǾȥ飡û׸ȴһ֪
ĪϺүãĿʲôʱķˣԺͺôҪģĳʲôҪġ
ʱ游ƫģһ۵͵ʵȻܲš
游û˵һʱתͷָĸˡˣʲᣬһ㻹ҪСٸʵ׵ĺáѵúͿ
Ϊʲô
룬ӼֱȥܰĵϸǲǱʾӼһӪοȣܰСܰȻҵϵϰܹǸƽ񣬶ӼֱƷɱ٣Ǵ
˷һͨʱûеľ裬ʵǰΪʲô淢ܰıɱ
Ӽ˭
ʱ룺֪Ǹ֮ǰһֱǸֵĹӸ磬һѫӵֻųԺ֣ٽӴ֮乴Ķ֮£Գƾ֪֮١
˿ԼĶӣ˵̫ӵǱ
ֻҪͨˣܳˣȻְߣֻҪ˶࣬Ҳγһǿ
̫ΪδʵۣȻҪǰЩδĹԱԼ
ôЩδԱʹӸЩڿεĲʿֱֻ̣֡ҪڿУǱĬǰոǵġ
οӼಢһԺٹĽѧãӰ̫ӸҪԼ
Ӽ˵һ̫ӸӼĹϵֵ֮ѹӼֱܰܰɱ˵ֳǰ̫ӺĶ¶˫ٻǼҰѹӼֱΪŷǻΪǿƽվ̫ӪǺ
ʱûȻ룬һͷˮЩʲôϵ
˵ĿǡЩģ̫ܿӵˣ׸ôһ᲻ɱذĪȨס
ʱһƵģʵҰѾȵ׸ˣܰ᲻֪ǳ֪ǹӼֱס
ŶԼ˰þ棬һƶǶͷתӣͷ̾һ
ӹȻ佫ҵĺûôƣԳö㲻У˵ãӶٲġ
˵ֻҪסһʱá
ΪʲôҪһʱ
˱ӵĺֱЦˣ磬ȻһоϹȥоһսȰȻ켩۲죬ȴһʤʱ
Ȼǵȴʱʱ㼸û룬شˡûɱҲ游ָ£֮࣬游ɳϽйճģҲ游Źܶʵս顣
Ͷˡģһʱȴʱ
ҾãסҲûסܰѾ֪ˡ
˺ǺһЦ֪һ£һҪֳװ֪ʲôѵúͿѵúͿͿװͿ
ĸ׽һʱʵʲôص㶼ûץסֻ˴ӦԼֵܣȥ鵵鵵Ϳ֪ʵ
ʱ游ĸصͷһʣС˵Ѿˡʱ˽Ų·Ķ᷿߹װһߣһ߻װС˵һԸСݲ裬һҪˮԡ
Ȼ뿪ţЦӯӯʱ㣬ʺûǸúϴϴҪҪҸ걳
ʱۣ˭Ҫ걳ǲӰɣ
ЦӴүý˭үˣ˵үͷ
ʱֵۣ㣡
ѽѽĸҰĪսսСݷݣµү˼ңĪɨسšҾͿ첻ӦеصزˡȥǷĻȴһЦһƬ֮ɫ
ʱֱȤ䣬ĸ׽װͿĻ֮Ժˣֱʵֲǲ֪¶ҽӼ飬Ϊʲôǰңֱ
ǣһϲ㿪İѵ㲻ģ
ϲƨĸƨǣʱҲ롣ٵһۣǰ˹ȥĵĸײ鵽Ҳһϲߺߣ
ں˵ʱ㣬֪֪Ĺĵ۾ӣʵ
ʱΪҪ˵ͦɰ򡸺ܺÿ֮Ļͷ룺ҲŲϡأޣ㲻䣡˼ʱתһۣȵ죡
ԹԵ˵ȥʵ/һЦ
ʱһ±סˣһ㳯˹ȥʣ˵˭/
ȻҳЦԼ/


62 
ֳ
˵ʱ, ʱ죬ʱһˣһ, ˴һ
˵, ʱĸûٴ, С˿öˣѾǸտʼһһը, ˸øȥ֮, ˮ, Ӵ, , ĿԡĨҩ
ö, ˶˶ԷĵϸͽֽʤһҪʱ, ֱӺɨ롣
, û, еŹ, , ʱһγѹ棬֮⣬һ㶼ǹԴ롣
, ÿζִ, ʱ㱻ȶֵġ֪ô, ƺһֿװʱһɸߵı¡
һأ˷ԺԼʱʱȻȤˣѹʱˣţһɣϷڵϡ
ӵ忡ֲʧǵϣͷһ飬Ҳһ飬ȹһǵطһȻⶼĽһ˲䣬ͷˣӲ/
ʲôˣϵˣʱԸԼٴһʱģΪʲôҪ;ֹ
ΪʲôңмＸ˴˶ԼϵʱȻûȫʱܹظоˣľ棬·磬һЩ
˶ԼˣԼǼװ֪ȥδ̫ûˡ
볯ʱЦЦƺǣϵˣһ
ʱԼһۻˣһЦУһ˿˿ζˣ
ͷֲ벻µļȥֻƵվ׼ȥúݸ裬˵ˣǲͷ¶βû
һѮֻһ죬ҪعӼˣǱͬףЦȤ㣿
ʱվ뿪ĽŲܿ϶Ȼƽôһĳζ
ʱת룬յֲǴ򲻹㣬Ҫ飿
һЦ˲֪ҵ飬˼ף۸ˡҲ㱻Ц
ʱٹΨһһ׸˸ŷ˴òãһԲϣȭǲЦô
ұЦͲѽ
޷Ӽ಻֪׸ĪˣΪδȢޣǷЦҡңֱ˭Ҷָָ㣿˵ҿԸֱڣ弸죬ϵٻؼࡣ
ʱ㿴룬һʱЩ֪˵ʲôˡ
Ҫ˵жжʱ㻹ôҪ˵ûһ˿жȴҲȻ٣ʱԸܵԼĳ硣
ʵǴҵǰĪףʶ׶һ֮ʱͷԼԼá
ȻûŭһֱǨġ
Ϊ֪ԼʱŻ֪/򲻹룬ȴ̲סҪһδζ֡
վ·ϵĳ߻˶ᡣ
ʱ˵ιᣬԺ㲻Ҫˡ
ʱڶ֮ʱ˰Լֵܴ鵽ʱ㡣
鵵򵥵ؼţ룬θϡ
ְӼֱ֮ǰٺҵһЩ֤ݡ
ҳʱĵԭһֱɵݻš
ʱͷЩ̫ɶ룬ʲôر
ʱԺܺãü̳ʱǰʱ׿ڸԼյǲʮ졣
ԣǶɵְ֣Ӽֱģԣ뱻üʱûΪڹӼʲô뺶ܰȥˣʲô⣬Ҫϴ·ֻҪӾУǹȻôóǼľģ
ȵȣ
ѿ׷ɱѪľûĪ׼ţǲһϵĪȥѰ׼ң
Ѱ׼Ŀģһȷݣһ׼ңȻҪ߶û׸˼Ҷӣ˼Ҽ˲Ųʡ
˵ˣû뵽ҵĪסʵϣҵģлѼľƵҵϣŭ⣬ɳˣһľƴӹӼûĪ׼ˡ
ȵȵȣ
ҵҴðʵôðɵݣɵĹ
ðһҪͷģ
ʱ뵽һ㣬ðĵһͷǣõ˶ôѱھȥǰҫһҲʰ÷ģߣ׸ķ̲ܽ˵˯ӣûţ
˼ӶҳһȻЦһӣɿذҳ˻ʲô
ʲôûųҪʱлĸףվҪߡ
վţɶ
ɶʱŲԼĶĸסԾѾףֽ˹Ӽ࣬Ϊ٣ǸˣҪ¶߼ҳֻСӲŻᶯҼҳ״
ү˵ˣСð£ðţȻ취ٴˡ˾Сð£ֳͷҪͳ˹ѷ򣬻ʼǱߣҪ㡣֮ǰÿ
ѽĸ׷ĺˣеϵ壬Բֻ˽½ѵѵǸŲԻٻĵز
Ŷ˳ȥıӰҡҡͷ̾˿룺ڸүԼαҲܿЩ
ôһӣɷֹˣĻ᲻ڶ߷żߣӸү״һʱͷʲôܲµ֡
룬˷ԸˣעŶͷʲô󶯾Ͻ
.
ʱصͷ磬ֱȥ˶ᡣ
ԴӰѶסʱ㼸δ̤ΪǴη˺ݻܴ䣬ͻţˡ
ڲͬˣץĴѱٲúˡˣߵ᷿ǰֱƶ룬ʵ룬ôĵӣ֪֪ʱʦͨȴǻ
Ǹһ׷ڶдʲôʱ㴳ɿذдŵĶһһţȻվЦӴĪүٺᣬԡţ˷Сݲ衣
ȫûбԼţʱ⣬ӴʩѹȣٸƤЦĺ£Ҷ֪ˡ߬תͷŲյС˺ȵȥ
ð£ɲܱСȥˣ˶ӣ¸й¶ȥ
С˳ʱ㻹عţŻͷȵ£
С˶˲ʱѾȻԣЦǺǵصӣͦ˵ɣʲôˡ
⸱ںҸԼЦӣʱΪһŵӡ
Ҳ֪зӦ죬ڼ䲻ݷ֮䣬˴ƿˣЦܳȥĪĶ
ӳԱʱԼɱﵣһ͵ģ룬ðϹõ


63 
Ⱥ׷
ֻһ, ȻȻ˵Ŷ֪ˡүүģ
ǣҾˡʱ, ˵˵, ŷӦ˸Ͻ˿ڷ, ۾һɣ˭ģðϹ, ʵ, ȥ, , Ҫͷģ
ֱͦ, ֻ, Ҫ淢һ͵ȴüһ̣򡭡ңҡ
Ȼ, ƨճ, ƽȵ, ЦĪүҪЦˡ, ʲôôѲ, תʼˣôı׷򣿡ѸؽڣΪŮ˶ࡣɸôϡ٣˵еĸʮ, Ѿ, ˼Ȣء
ʱ㣺ˣԭѾеϵ, г޿֡
յʱ㣬Ȱȿڲ裬
Ҫܣ¹򣬲ңû
Īүѽ룬ȥҵģֲ㡣֪ðϹ¶ģ㲻ǵһһĪҪңŵĲˣֵõȺң
ʱøɵۣʲôȺ˵úݺƵġȻûǰ磬ʱͷߣ໰
˵ĪүȴǸ֮룬·߲ͨġ
һ仰ɹסʱĽŲΪʲô
ôϡĶͣᱻĿðǸ̬ƽϢһЩ󣬹˵ܡעҪڷ˼֮ϡ
ӷǸʼѾȥˡûǸˣ
ûУȫûУûУб䱾֮ơ
ǰ¶Īʱ㻹ûʲôܡ½˹Ӽ࣬ʱԸеڹӼһһ˹עţͷ㣬ҪȷеĵʧףȻȷԼҪҪ硪Ϊ죬Լڸ棬˵ջ
翴ȥ䣬ҲȥֻҪܴеõôȻҲܷ󵽺ô
Լߵ𣬲磬ãɵϡ͵µһ
ڹӼҶǶˣ֪ǰעʱ㣬ѧϰûеɧšַ߽о֮УȻаնʱȥԼԷҲͿԴҲȥԡ
ߣʱԳԼĵģ˶˵õĵģ˹һʱʱ㲻ԣȻ˻ֱӰѵʱ
֮һ۹ˣ޴ϲΪɹֶεøԼ档
ʱ㱾ͦϲϽй䣬ôһ㣬ٲϽˡ
ƣǺˣ᲻Ȣ˵һٶǰиʮɥһŮȹɥڣв˼ȢഺӢûŮۣһ룬˵᲻ٴȢ
ȫпܡǾпܡһ׸룬ʼҶڱصáȻ׸룬ֻ»ʼڰв߻ɹѷ򣬺ðС
֮ԻʵۺͻǲĿŵسָɵ룬·˸Ŀɳˣܸһģһģô󵽸ˣ
Щ֮ˣȵÿǣô赶ɱˣߣòס֮ʱԼԼ
ʱƲƲ죺Ѿ޹ˡȢҾһüѽǸʮǰǾܾټ𣿡ȢǱ˵£ʱܲšٲټޣԼ⡣ν޴ףټʱֻҪԼҧزټޣ˭ûޡ
ЦҡͷĪү˵ģҪѧץص㡣˵λʮǰܹܾټ޵Ĺؼʲôʱ㣬ű˵˴𰸣ӰӶˡԸټޣû˿ǿʲô԰ģ
ߣʱ΢΢ͷб룬ĵӾǲټޣ˭ǿң
뿴ʱб۾չһЦޱȺ˵и飬һݣܾټޣЩˣȫģҪҪ
һôõ⣬ʱ㻹Сԣһ±ͷת˹бˣǿ룬еʣʲô飿˵
ֻҪλǰһһͿԾܾټ𣿡
һΪãΪǵӣ죬ͼذ֣ԭ˯ѽ
һΣʱû𣬶ʣһӣ˭
ʱ㻹Ϊһ£˵ֻҪԸ⣬˭͸˭֮ĻԲһ˵ӣԴûţ
ȥʱֻԼû֪ܵˣһȭߡƣҪͬЦۣ飬ãԲ´򲻹ˣŻˡ
´ĶʱȭţӳչԺ﷭һܡ
ȴۣʱŰ֣̱ڵϡ
һ쵽ŻҪȺңĥңеСԩҡʹʱ㣺ڵϣ׺а塣
žһʱĿ֣˵˵ֶţ뿫ѽ˵ţ֪Уѡ
ǺǵЦȫ£ĳһʲôطûõſͣ
ʱһʲôʱѵǳ˯ʱģܰ˯ôɵʮ־䱸ɻص룬ƺʱըë
ЦҲңƽ
ɶԼʲôʱ͵ȲҪ֮ˣ벻ҪԼʱյ˵˵ʲôʱ㣿
ղţǸꣿఴϸˣѽ̫ˣеܲ𡣡
ʱ㣺޳֮ͽܴܽлȻ޳֮ͽʲô¶ĵط롣
Զ㣬ԺҲ޳֮ͽܡˣôţʱжŲһξ֮ʱС˷Լطϴҩȥˡ
뿴ʱĶӣǹһĨ΢Ц
һתۣףһ˾һꡣ˴˵һЩף˴˵Ļһδ
ڴǾӭ£ž۵ӣĪϺүһ䣺С˭һꡣĪϺү仰˼ʵǰʾ̹׼ҽϸףһŸ꣬ϲϼϲ
žƱһһŵҼˣˣ¼ҹһΪˣһɵ¶үүĸףʱ㣬ָһҡллǡ
֮ˣһ˲䶼Ĭˡէ뱯ļˣ𾪺ܿȥǻع飬Ī˶˵
ļˣΪʲôҪǶһ٣ҶĬûнҴ˵Щο֮Ūȥˡ
ҹʱĪϺүҹס˯ȥˣǲŻصͷ硣
ûлԼ˯£ԺĬĬؿİգ·붨һ㣬һ
ʱ㱾ѻ·׼ϴ˯ˣС״ָϽźë·ߵ뱳󣬼ȻӣһʱСԷһյԺϴеۣ


64 
뵽ҵĴ
뷴һ, ׼ȷذʱסʱ벻ɣԼľٶһ, Ҫ˿֮ʱ, һת˳ưͷʱͷ, ˫ֻʱ֫ʱ㷢֮ǰ, ˵ҿһ, һͺá
ʱһ, Ϊ㡢ˣ, һ˿ǻ
ƽ, ʱǰ, ֵܱݣûʲôܽġ
ڸһδĦɼУʱʼûռˡʱ㽥, ʵǸʵ, ҲǿƵˡ
ֻշ, ִ磬۸ʱ, ĵߡ
˵Ҫʵ, ʵûϵЦᱡжϣδй˿ð
Щ, ʱܰġܸ˲ټ, ȴûвӶ෴, ڲ֪Уİкͽģоǰõѫӵһ֡
ʱãĴڣǰЩѸѵáΪǰЩѫ֪Ǹ֮󣬶Զ׽ʱŲԶĿģ˹ˣ˴һڡ
ʱ汻飬Χۣ󣬱ָָ㡭صа游ĸף飻صͷ磬и룬ʱܣй
֪УѾ뵱һʮ׽ѡǰЩѫӵ֮ܲѾԵøѵˡ
Ϊˣʱ֪ûлݣںһֱԺʱŻӴȥ롣
ȻڴҹԿն֪ʱ㾪ˣҲһ棬Ҳѹһʱ§û
ҹ־ף§֫ʱ㴩٣Щ䡣Ψб뱧ŵĵطů͵ġһůӱ§ĵطɢȫ˶ůˣˣָоá
벢û§̫ãſʱ㣺䣬ȥ˯ɡԼѾѾǻˡ
أ
Щ¡
ʱܾýЩ쳣ݼ˼·ٴγȻûжƶû䡣
ʱ߹ȥ£뻳뻳ŵů׶ˣ㲻ɷ˵ذůװԼȥ
ʣأ
ʱԸС˰ůȥˮͷ룺ɵϣůˣС˻㵱Ҹһɵ
ǰůˣýС˻ˮϧĪվԼļң£ܵýԼôײŰȥʱһ仰ֹ
űӲůףܵʱĺ⡣붼֪Լжûб˹ĹˣǴʯͷﳤҰݣŬŬȥеһůǹȴԽŨˡ
ҹѾ³һ賿ˡ⣬ʵЩ䣬ʱ㳯뼷˼ּ˼ټ˼ʱ㻹ټʱۣסʱļͷסʱ㱳ĺ磬˵䣬ȥ˯ҡ
ôһʱһ½Ӳֲ÷ƿֻýŲƶɣ
š
ʲôˣʱץסᣬʳԼ֪⡣
ѡ˿ѵõģл˵ƫߣһˡ
ϲˣʱ˸ʾ䣬֪͸¶ĵ׵뷨
һЦһ۱ʱС˼͸͸ģôϲȻϲϲôΪѣϲô
ˣԭѾϲˣʲôŻͷԷϷʱһǧɣʱߡ
סʱļͷļ˵ȥϲѵϲʱ㣬Դˡ
ߣʱΪһĵӺĺ㴵磬ûĵģŻȡЦң˾Ǽܶá
ʱûмҪߣϵĶʵϵذ˼롣
ʱǿƽСӣԺգ֮Ȼų˫ȫʵ书ԶʤĲɣǸҪ˵С竡
ʱ׼ıǰ֪ΪʲôȻˣʱǳȾһɴԸⱲӣòĶ
ιʲôѣ
£ͬѾĸҲ֪˵˵ʱͣʱվ䣬ȥ˯˰ɡ
ʱ𾢣Ȼ˵ˣˣ˵˵أأ˵֪ô
Ц֪Σ뵽ҵĴǳΪ
ޣ˭ϡĹ£ԲģûϢ򣬴ŻҪϷʱĿֱۣԻطȥˡ
֮ʱ룺˵ͬ£ʲôط£ѵǶ׷ɱԲͬ
ģôǾû˵ĻǡҲ֪ӶãߡҲ֪ܻã֮ӦþһĻɡ
һ׷ɱĺӣѹ벻˵Լݡ
ҲǹҵġʱһţǸҲǸӣˣԺٸŻˡһ߽˯˹ȥ
¶ʮչٸӡҪһֱϢ¶ʮգٸſӡһµݼ٣ҲÿһļڣҸڼԲס
ʱڼң̱ڼ
ʱߵϣ˷ˣԼɸϡΧ۲˵Ҫʢ项ȥȥȥһѶû˼
һӼҹһ㡣ʼʱ򣬴ҼͷΪ֣֪ȥӼڿΡʱ˵үֲĪѱүļҽ泷ˡǣҪȥӼڿ⣬϶ڼҪʲôгȡ
׸˷ȻӦðѸүȥˣ߶߶ϯһЩ罻øүǵ罻Ȧӡ
ǲԸĪϺүϯκ罻ᣬ߶ģһ仰ϲլڼĶȥ
ĪϺүֻøǵǸӴҼҸүСССƤǳϲ̨棬Цȹ꣬Ϸ/̺ˣٴλͷ밲
ѿЦ˵ĪҸ׸ĸүݲؽˡ
ˣ˳װҹһСѼĪү֮⣬ѫǶûĪүĪүССϲ̨ĪϺү￪
ôļڣܡ롿̱ڼʮģĵó̾ĪϺүСģ塣룬ᣬĪϺүڷĵķװ֮࣬ý塣
˶±ѧˣȻ˼ġտʼʱ˻ɱ൱Ӯ룬֮뽥ռϷ磬ʮ֮٣Ӯʱ㣬ܸĪϺүµлأżʤ
ܽ壬Ǳ۶࣬һÿʮʮȻҪԤֵӦԲԣԷʮʮ˳ᢡ


65 

ʱЦֱ˵Ӷˡҵ, ǸѣСݵˡ
ֲݱˣ㡣㲻á
⻰ص˼, ʱ˺һŷӦ, ۣڣ㶼Ƥ
ɧ, ֪ϲڻռˣḶж, ʱ㽥Ĳǰһһէ, ˡ
۱Ȳ, ʱ, , ʱȴԽԽ, ׷塣
ûнĳ壬ʤ֮䡣ʼӮ̵ģôӮ, ٺӮ
벻֪ʱΪʲôôǿ, Ӯ, ʱ㻹ģҪ, Ͳ͵֪޾
Ϊ˰ʱľ, һҪʮΣ͸ӡ
ΪʱᵱҲ, ֪, ʱŨ, һٴΣдС̣˾ʮŴΣҾͲˡ
ڻͦ˶ĥĥ󣬾岻ӣ£壬ʱܿʮŴεĳɾ͡
ʱڶ̣ڹӼҪˣؽȥˡǰʱεأ룺㶼ˮӮһ֪ܶΪʲôͲˣд
ǸЦΪ˶ӣ⵱ģֻƴˡ˵˺һƵġ
޳ܣ޳֮ȣûб޳ܵˣ
ʱլڼ壬ϢĪϺү˴ġʵҲûʲô£ҪЩҳ֮¡
ֻʮ죬ĪϺүѰԼͬ˵һ䶯ľӡ
˴ܰɱڻĳùԱҪˮǱӣϵĹ깫ãѾͽ˴Ρ
ĪϺүԴµĹԱǣɱ󰸣ֻǰڣӰӵ鰸ʾͬ顣
˵͢һֹԱԱڻɱҪ֪˭ϵ
֮֮󣬳ؽһϵֻ֪Შˡ
Ī˵Ұ£ֲվϵ˭ϻλǾҳ˭֮ԲŸɺڳ͢㣬˼ʹϵȥˡ
˶ˣֶʱںҪСǧҪǰ˵ıá
ĩˣ̾Ǿү˵ٽ̫֮ҽٽƵԽԽڣ»̫ҽڹҹү˵󲻺ã¡
͵µѾʮˣΪеĸ١̫ӶѾʮˣ̫λϴʮ꣬ƺڿְϣ
˵δ֮ԣ붮ʵûжÿɻˣλ֮Ȼˣ붯ֵģøϽжˣܰǰȻĽݴСףĸġ
ôõ˾үָ̣ʱ㽥Գþ˽⣬Ҳ̬ȹ˽ڣҳžȥӼ࣬ͻؼң֮⣬Ķȥĸ׻ʲôĵģ
˶ҪڹӼ࣬Ҫ˵
ܰǸźţһȨ
¶ʮٸ˼򵥵Ŀӡʽ֮󣬻ָ˳̬
һ£õͬǴһ˵ԼʱһЩȤºİԣͨޣԱԡ
ʱǰõѫӵǽԶˣֻлԽһЩлҲǸ˼֮ˣҪǣǸ
һӣһȺм䣬ҸǱƴ裬еβ˵ζ
лʱ㵹ˮ˵һ±׹ڼ飬ȥ
ʵʱȹлò˶٣ǰ塣
ǰ漸ƽϢһ£ҪԿˣǺܿͶѧϰ֮С
գʱͬܵ÷ɿ죬ܻߺ˵Ǳ˾ץˣӡ
ץ˭ˣ
˭ץˣ
ʲô£
ѽ˵ֹһץ˺ü
ӻ᲻ѵͷѽ
ʲôѽ

⡹һ£ʱ㲻֪ô뵽룬ĵǸò°ɣ
ͷһʱֻһ첽ͬһȥ֡
ȴȥʱ֪Ǳץ˺üˣйзӣм˵ǣ
ȥ֮̽ܰƺûͼȥ̽˭֪ûȥ̽أǸ۷࣬û׼ļһ
ʱһͷ벻һ뵣ǲѡϽȥڹӼסûб
ְӼʱˣס׸Ī벢ûи߹Ӽ࣬סǰӡ
ʱ㻹ûӣѾȥˡΪΧһȦֵļ
ʱܹȥ͸ǵ˷죬ӱҰŰһ㣬˵ûһģԺʯʯʶƷԺŵļʹ񶼱
ⳭãͲˡ
ˣǣ˻
ʱϽԱΧ۵ļֱأ
Ƕ˵ǲûпץˣֻϢ֣²ǲѾץǱ˾Ĵˡ
һϢͨļ˵֪ҪϹ£¹ܣֲǱ˾ǰץˣ˿϶ѺµΡ
ԼĲۣ׼ץˣŻֲ
ѵһ׮ӣ
ʱ˴УЩҲϢ
Ӽĳ沢ûл̫ãܿйӼĹ棬дҲҪţԻȥѧϰ׼ˡٸҼ̽ͷ̽ԣ͵˾참ļһΡ
һڼæɢˣԸȥˡ
ʱصԼסӵС˳ȥ
С˳ȥ˺ܾòŻ˵Ǳץ˶˲ѹӼΧţĻ̻̣±޹ǣС˳ȥϢ
ǱΧ죬ż˱ץǶꡣ
ڵ죬Ǳڳˡٺһ㣬ɿ˹Ӽࡣ
صʱ㿪ڱʣǸûУ
˻˵үѾûлؼˣү֪үȥ𣿡
ʱ㲻ͬҪסڹӼ࣬ÿֱܹܳ࣬Ͻÿؼҡ
ʱһ뼸춼ûлؼˣ¸һ֪ˣ
һ꣬ڸչȴעǲƽһꡣ
ȣ͵µ۵ת˻ǲװ
󣬺͵µ۴ϲ黨̫һһ͵µǣɱˣ̫ΪˣȦ¡
Ӽ౻ץĶˣ̫ӵܵǣոԵУ䲻ͬĵط
ԼİִϢڷͷϣǻʵԹʵĴ󰸣ҲȷʵϢļ֮ʣһ벻˵ĳˡ
ʮС˸ʱһţֱ֪ϢӸһ𡣡ʮڳ׳ûзĸֶۡûУͽлӸ
ʱ㼸Ѿܵ۳ĶʮˣȻӻ
һֱϢʱ㼱ֻûͷĲӬƵģţ֪ʮӶĻ죬ǺԥظŵСȥˡ


66 
ñ
Ӷʱ㵹Ҳ, ֱ档
ץεȻ޹̷֮£òҧ, Լ, ٰЩѶҲá
Ǳָ֤ӼֱܹӼָ߲ɣȥùܰ
ʵ, ֻǲܰûѽȥܰ, ʹ̫һ, ͵µǽŻ, ̫ӵ, ûﲢҪ
, ûС̣ʱļʡ
Ӵ, 㼱ʲô˵˿ڲ裬˹˵ȥˣȻҪԿˡ, ˵, ֱûʲô, ԣеҡ
ʱֽ, ʵôˣ
ԭĪСôסӰ, ﰵ˿ýĿӦܴɣ˵ĪӲҪ, ֱֻ˵Ƥ, û˽, ûٸ첲ȡ
ʱĵҲ֮ˣƤӦܿ
ʵֱ֪ʲô
ֱ˵ٹĨǡ
˵Ǳߵֱָ֤ӽüӺȻ޸ֱǲĪҸү
ʱˣͷһĪҸүôƽͻᱻ̫ӵϸܵǣ
ϾĪǿƽܵƾ²⣬Ҫõʵּ֤˳ҡ
˵ˣʱͺˣ϶ûѽˣǼͱȥˡ
Ӵһ仰㿴͸ʱĵǣЦֱȻûУǴѾڲ׸ү˭ˡ״ˣǺĸүƵģû¶Ǻǡ
û˼Ҹү٣ڳ죬кöҵݼүôʱһָϣٲץˣһָϡһָ֤Ǻͻᱻ̫һ
͵µ۲֪ʲôԭ򣬴ʰ̫ӵǣ˲ٴ󳼣Ϊ
ô֪ôʱľүҲƷԱҲһܳ裬λûϵĻӣô֪ЩĻ
ӵʱ⣬Ѿˣʱ¶֮ɫ㲻Ҫô֪ҸĶʵ顣
л棬ݺͼǣ
ȵȣ벻ʱߵôɴ࣬Ͻ¡
ʱɫʱɶòҪֹ֣౨ɣ
ӾҲµõʱ뷨ЦĪˣֻĪӳ⣬볹˶ϸֱĹϵһӡ
ʲôӣ
ϽҸ˶ֱλã¸үϯһѫȦӵľۻᣬµĻȻˣҥԲơӼʱ㻹ڳ߽һ˵ĪһʱҲѡǿҡ
ʱ뱾ʵø뻮ʲôԣڿѡ⡪˭Ըⶥ׸ɵͷ
Цӯӯ˵ѡһеġýΪʲôҪݲؽҵݣȫԽ͵ͨΪǻӡ
֮ӣٲܳ裬Ҳȥ׸
ˣˣҪҴţӲʱĪҳϯѫ󼯻ᣬǲ뱻֪һûӣĪ׸ɣ˵
˵繫ҵĹϵ֮ûҪٶֱѶƹˣôҲǱǣǼ̣˲ҲҪˡ
ʱӵȰ˵ֱؾãӲ⡣ӵ鵹һð취үһϯһѫۻᣬʵ˵֤ǸǴ󣬾ͿƲĹϵӶֹ̫ӵܵǣ
ʱеһؼҸ游һ£ǡٴζл֮󣬱ҴҸȥ
صʱ˵Ľ游ĸףλ˼ҳ֮󣬾ӦýܶʮӵĽ飺ӵ˵
뱣סˣԼҲпܱǣ
ʱǵѫǶڽƲ̫ӵĹϵǼûҪƶУðŴϺȫټٿ˵ķգȥһĸү
Ȼʵͦϲүģһֱȫ֮£ֻ룬ȫ
øһЩԼֶܶϢӲ֪е飬֪µİ참򣬴ӶԽ飬Ȼص͹ˣҶǸӵܵɱˡ
Զӵӣ޸ˣԲǴ˵Ķ֡ˣһٽӣ˵Ը׸Īҡ
Ȼѹϵˣ׸ϵʱǾʼҵġ
ԺǴһر𾢱ϢʮӣĽƽҵĸ
ĪҪĪСӴڽӴΪɣܾʼҡΪǻʼ棬׸˿ƽ
˵Īү̫ӵ˲žϵ
ϵʷϢʮۣѩƬƵĵݽ
͵µۿۣϽϲĶӼݡҲ֪Ҹ˵ʲô
֮͵µ۲ûѵӣԹǲҪٵˡ
ţ͵µ۴ּټĪʱ㣬֮мӣмӣĩˣּʽĪʱΪƽӡ
ս֮ĪϺү࣬Ϊӣ͵µһֱûлӦ£ʱ䲼˲گ飬˵͵µ۶׮µϿɡ
˺͵µ۵ı̬˵ֱĪүҥԣܿɢˡ
Ȼ׸Ըүݣҡڵס˿ƽס˶ͷ硣
ӰĪһ죬Ǽɹһ졣ǰĪ˸飬˵ĪĶ־ãֻؤáˣ˳۵ĶȫȥˣţĵذѶĻӸĪѻӸҲĪ
ǸŮкܣ˵вլ֮£ץסţӱƼˣТѹӣô˵ϾӵţһТִ졣
˵˵ϡ£ҪסĪҵľôȨλȲϻˣôȨȥˣĪҾͻΪӵ⡣
ǣ˸ͷլϷĪγ˰ӣӡ
һ쿪ʼĪÿһ춼ڼɹжȹ˰ӣΪס޵ÿЩܶŹûһ徲ġ
Ī˲඼ǴսϱϱĺвмʵȴڻӸˣŹռϷ硣ǶܹĪ֮ˣĪѴռϷܻ֮Ӹغ档
ӸԳݸߣϲҫǡ
ȻÿδܶŹ˿ȴԾʮ棬ɵ󣬷·ʤһ㡣
˫ȻܶŹȴάŹƽ״̬
ӳ˸⣬صͷ磬ÿʱһء
ŶʱԺӣѾжͷˡΪӾô֣䲻ӵݣµġݡ
ʱ㱾һסڶ˰Ķʰˣⷿȥ
룬ȴǻƵҷԵסһзַĵ


67 

ٵģ˿ġס, űˣϲԼλˣʱҧгݵѡ
˸ЦƵ, Цһ, ¶ϿǵĹϵ˵Ǽٵ, ۾ͬ, ȥ, ѹϵ˵û, ڵ, Īŵ, Ҫ, ˵ͼʲô
㣡㡭ʱףӾҪĪҼϴ̫ӵɵĻᣬһ׮ʵȢˣ׸Ҳһ, ֮, ҪٹΨһĸ˯֡
ʱҲ, ֻÿָˣԼӡ
ҹ֮, ʱƸͬ, ӵȥ˯׷ᣬŶ, ǿж, ʱöסʺҪ̤ǰһ, ɱ㣡
Ӹ˺ٻغȳ⣺˺£òͷˣ
ʱЦøֻ࣬ϵǹⶥӵʺϣѹȵú
Ҫ赽ˣ˯ˣøԸԼһĲųɣǱƵ̫ʱƳɳУﲻĿġ
գòٱŶȻʱ䲻ǱıԣӲĲУģȥлʱ㡣
סĪеʱͻᣬĥӲݣܰʱյ֡
㲻ţողƷ˴/ζĸΪ񣿵ȸЩʱ䣬ͻ/ζʱץӷֲ֮ʱܳˡ
⹥֮ӱóֺŮ˵Ĺ򣬶ʱʾãֳ谮ۣϧ鵽ʱ¡
ʱޱңҪȥӼ飬ÿѮһ죬ɼܡ
ǰʱڹӼ࣬ſЩգûؼϢһ졣ڣʱյ飬Ǽִֵ
游ĸףҲǹҼִǲ뱻Ӿݡ
֮󣬵ץεļӼԱʦоˣΪ̫Чĳ̶ȣնͽͽѺԶۣͽѺԶһ޵ۣͷŻԭ
̫ӾټӼģֻһ̽黨£΢ǧϱկ
죬мԼˣȥСϾһߣ⣬Ҫŵһӣһ𣬱
ʱڼУĬĬؿ롣
ι˰꣬Ѷûûȣ뿴еһƼݣͷ棬һ࣬޹ˣжٶۣĿͣλƵġ
֪ǰȷʵ룬ʱ㼸ϡ
̹ѧԼУֻ૵صŶŶŶǰŶʣԣһŶǻȻ֮⣬Ҳǽ״֮⡣
Ǵ˵ǮֱЩ·ͳʳҵϣιЩˮһ·Ҫ壬ο˵ϸ⣬˵ܻŻͷۣŶŶŶ
ʱűûע⣬룬Ŭѹס޹µĸоģȵ˵ͷһ˸ȥ˸㣬Ǳ߹ЩڸӣᱻѺĲѹߡŵأֻҪ㵽λҲԻòġ
Ծɵͷ۵˵ŶŶŶӣķӳû
ʱܻǲûϳԼ룬˵룬Ұ
ŶŶŶȫûķӦƺˡŶ֣ٲ˵ˡ
ѺĲǮֻƬ̵Ĺʱ쿪Ѻ·ˡ
ʱվڳⳤͤӣģǣһǣߡĳӡʱԺ
Լܹ̣ûõҽΣ·ЩǰĲһûϧ֮⣬ֻҪߵҪһδζһ
Ÿո߳ǣȥŵϱկǧ֮ңô˥һ·ôߵùȥ᲻·ϣ
һֱӰѾʧڳ·ͷʱ㻹վţ޷ĶȥıӰۣ˵ܣƺⱲӶûиܹܡ
Ȼʱ㱳ӵҲУȻ֪Ϊʲôţն
ʱתӣȥ̽˼λѣѵأնҪô˵뻨ĿˣնЩˣҪ£Ķ󣬶
˵òЩˣ඼նˡ˵ţӹһֽɡŵʱͷʱͷԹֵȥӼСˣ汻߻ˣţỵ̂ûа㵱ӣͷҶҪѵѵ
ͷ֮ʣʱ㽥ǿҪûѹԸͬӶ˵˵ҵˣ
ʱ䣬ȻѮһݣദò࣬ʱλʮҲ㹻˽⡣ʵǸ·ǳˣ˵ǡѵû׼˴
ʮֺƢ˵İɣҾ˵˵ôġ
ӶòˣʱҲΪС˸ʰǰĻ⣬ʵ˵ֱΪʲôţ
ʱ㣬ҲǸȷʵˡֱűΪŵġ
ͲҪʱе㾪棬ӲǸ˿ˣУΪʲôҪ飿
ʱͷţ˳ʳ֮ʱֺˣԼôֱڿ죬޳ǸӲ룬뱻ӿԼ˼Ҫֻ˿ԼԸչʾǿһ棬٣ǰװһװ
ӳɡȻȻʱ߿ȥ˶ɡ£ưôƣ˵˵ʵֱ飬һΪΪԼֱôĵһˣնʹһӶĳţʱȥŵظ㣬°뱲ӡţ㻹ܸһ㹼ͷùЩ
ʱͷλãǾ˲ǧҲûȻʱһʱڲᣬվὥʱĥ
ĨƽΣһãʱĵһˡӾãĪʱΨһˣĪʱȻһһˡ
ӾԼĪʱĺģȻȥ§ʱļͷͷعӼࡣ
ʱûӰ§ԼתȥźȻףأһеļǣһˡ
ŶվŷʱѾسˡһֳĿ˵ԵˣסԵˣס̫ˣЩ㻹ңһУҸ㵣š
ʱͣЩʣһֱң
ǺǡЦţʱļͷߣһڳͱͤˣֻûע⵽Ұˡ
Ҳֱ
㡭ǰɡԣֱ͵ظƾճ֣


68 
ĵı
뱻Ѻ, ֪ʱиԼ, ʱ÷·Ҳһ
ѵõ, ûһͶԼݣʱֵ, ˵˵·, ŽŽ顣
˳, ӵͣűߺ, ʱϳ, ˵عӼࡣ첢, ȥ˼ٳֱеġ
ӸҾ¿, ʱֵĩЩȣʱһ, ʱˬ
ִӳһ, óһ, յɫĶִһȡЩС, Žյ, ˵ҸƵ÷, ñһ, ͷº, رио
ֲһˬԭڰű顣ȻʼҵңǺҲûȵġ
⻹ǸܳĻأ֪ЩóĻӹҳʲôʱͷпҺǸûй
ԼȺһյȻýӣմűˮĨĨбڳϣһ̾డ
ʱյһڣ÷𣬻һ÷ζټӱúɵüڱˡ
ʱһյʱȷʵЩˣ㲻һӴҪ壬ʱæƾˣ˼ǰţ
Ե֪ʵұֱ㣿̾Ϣȴһˡ
һˡ˵ʱźǴ̶ˣӳɼܣʱһ£ҳҹݳŵһο㡣ʶ֮ѽ
ǴΣֻһοҡҵһο㡭ӻһ£˵ڽ޺桭ĸȥ㣬ָָָ㣬˵쿴쿴ǾǸշֵĸҾʱ򿴼㡣㻹̫ܽԼǸʵܲãɫҲͷԵģһ㡣
Լʲôʱȥ޺£ʱȫ벻ڵ֪ԼǸİ˶Ժģǳʵǰµļ䣬ʱǲ̫ˣ޺֮Уĸڼƻˣڽ㣬ʵǴȥɢɢİɡ
ʱ֣ʱ㣬ҿһʧǵӣһ±ϲˡ
⧲ıףʱһˣؿӣоһԼˡ
ӰʱְԼĿϣ˵ӿĵһۣҾϲˡ
˵Щ޳ܵĻʱȴ߳ܵýŵ֣ȵù̶ʱĸоʱæ֣Ӹסǻ㻹лء
Ҽ˼ǨЦһϵĻйأҵĸĸйأ׵޹ءҴûϲҶϣҸףǸʴͻ飬ҲܾܾҸ룬Ҿڽˣøһӡٺ˵׼ӭȢ㣬ǿĻˣ͸ҵĺԵϧ
ϧʱԸһִü̳ŷҲԸʼҡ
ͣͣʱ˹ȥ˵ûϵɽңҿȥɽô˵չһˡʱ㣬͵Ե
˵Լжˣʱţֻһ񺮡
ңֱؾ˵ģǼٵģƭģҪϲΪʲôһ㲻ںȱʧ˻Ϊʲô˯Ϊʲôںĸܣ
Խӣʱƿ̧֮ʣֶֻ֧Ŭ̧ȥƣȴȫסӵĿ˫ϣҲֹסӿơ
ʱҪŲһŲƨɣԱܿӣºһʹžȫģ·еһ㣬ԣ´󾪡
ֻӸǰ̧ȵָḧաüۡ촽°ͣᡭһ·¡
Ȼãʱˮµʲô
⻰ʳ֮ʱȻ϶Ǹղźȵı÷ϣȻôȫʧȥ÷ˣ
ӵ֣һ·£ԣջֵ֣ȥˣϲ㶼ô
ôûˣʱЩš
ʱߣʱ㿿Լϣοͷѹ˰ɣŻûûµģϢһ£ȲˣȻˡ򲻹ʱ㣬ûãˣµһȫ̱ҩԲʱҩ
ĪĪµ˶һֱû֡ʱȥУŻϵͱͤãʱͻɾĻᣬһҩɹ
Ѿ鵹ˣӲ֣ʱ㲻ͨˣܴˣͻԵðʱˣ죬ԸʻȥӸ
عӼ࣬һعӼࡣ
ȰϽǺõģҲôƴ˲ϢϢ㹦򡣻ͷһȥӼ٣ȥӸСס졣
֮ҧأԸסĪĪɹðҲʱסҵĻӸʱڻӸᱻЮơ
ƽʱͱĸ׸˲ȥӸʱʱֻҩҹǰȥӸеȥӸͣͣҪ³
һѰʱ§ϧ㶼ûˣСһҽ£ԣҶˣǻػӸҽ̫ҽ㿴
ûʱ϶ҩˣſңҪ³
ɶʱϸСһʱ㣬ʮ㣺㿴㣬ˣô³ɲǲͿˣҪˣһ͵ˡ
˵ļң϶ָӸʱ֪ǽ˻ӸͻΪϵ⣬ļ֮£УѽȻУƽʱһԵ
ʱвӵȻһΪֵĽֵϣͲţ·˻ȡ
Ȼʱˡ
һлʼұ־ͨվĺҲ鿴˵ˣͷаŮ֮żʣάΰǱ˾ֻֻֻۣۣƽգ˭ҹܣǲϻͷʭ
ʱ㺰һ·⣬ӣɾûһʱȡ
ʱͷһĨĨһֵĺˮôȣ㻹ҶҽУôູһյ÷ιʱ㣬Ȱһ·˰ɣȵˮɤӣ
÷ϵģʱͲϺȣȰ˼֮󣬲ûжȰһͷԼˡҪʵж֤ûҩʱĲɡ
ʱӺˣҲһ룺һյûҩղŸҺȵյûҩߣƭңûţ
÷ʱ㻹ģеǿ񡭡У
ˣ̿סЦ˳ķͬؼңô
ʱ㲻ǣȣֻһ˿ϣҲ
Ȼ䣬ʱʵĪʱ㣬㺰
ʱϲеңлң


69 
͵
ΪŹ, лûаͼ־ֻڸ׺ʹ£Ե, ˡ
Ϊ͵µ۵Ķ, лͽӼ飬˶ŬϽ, ȡճˡлиŬڴﵽѧ׼, Ӽˡ
֮, лʱһپϯ, ʾءڿԲعڹӼ, һؿˡ
, ȥһҲ¥, ʱ䡣ɣӲ¥׼ؼңʱĺ
ȻлҲԼǰʻ, лʼұ־, ʱĺȸļ, ûϽģܹеѪԵ, ôźѺȶ޶أ
, лϽԼе׷ȥ׷ȥ
ǵĽֵʻҰһ, ܿ׷ӵ, ʵʱ, ôˣ
ƿӣ̽ͷЦӰأʱءһȤ㶮ġĲ˼ı顣Ц˹ӣͷ
ʱ㱻ӷţڳλϣãֻܽелң
Ӵųȵʱ㣬أţлǸȻҼʱϲ棬öӼЦˡ
ӣɲС£л岻ƿҿʱ㡣
ӰѳһЩлʱбڳϣͷ󺹣쳣
лҪϸѾѳлһҾ֣͹⡣
һţʱ֪ץסΨһĻᣬ˲棬елңңҪӵģ˴/ҩһˣңֲ崺/ҩҩ𣬲˴/ҩͦ£һֱҺΪȣò˵
лȻʮ/꣬δ䣬ɲͯӼŮ֮£֮£гԣ֪Щ˾ϲҩˣ˵ʱӲǷ£쾭£Ϊҩ˰ɣһ£һ߽оǲҲһȤˣȻ棬ָ棬ɲúͿ˼ҵˡ
֪л˼سʮЦǺǣˡ
Ҳ໰³س
лȻΣȣʱŭ󼱣л쵰ӻ㵱ѡ
ԣлշԸͷظʱĽȻһʱ͸žŭͻ̼㣬ȤӰ
ǣлٴ׷ȥеͣˣҪʱ˵Ȼպˣղײգ͸ʱ˵Ų˶ʱ䡣
лԸŵˣƽš
ֻڳӦӣҼʱ˼ϻؼң̫ҽأֲܸ˵ˣȸʱ㲡˵ɡ
ʱһеҲȥӸûˣҪؿƽ
һ£лڿ϶ʱȷʵ鷳ôˣûӸʮӽа壬ѾȥˣֻҪ뷨ֹӻӵٶȣȵĪ
ǣлӿٶȣ׼ʱȻӵǰ棬Ƶߡ
ӸŹڲϵķ·׷֮Уߵ˻Ӹſڡ
ӷԸֱʻȥϻģظллһ·̫лˡݸ⣬Ŀڶл
лɲٸǰӸȥ޼ƿʩ֮ʱ־ͷһ󼱴ٵĪϺүԴ۶
һĪϺү֪ļˣǸϲ¶㲻֮ɫǰĪϺүҾּ񣺡Īү
ӱϾǻӣĪϺүǻһȻһԲʱ㱧˳
ӲĪϺүѯʣȽ͵ʱȻ˲ŴӸ̫ҽ⻰ҲԲ˵̫ҽֻ˿үûʸ̫ҽ
ʱ˵Ϲеүү
ĪϺү֪ӵӣҪӵ˺ʼ˺Ͻȳ죡Լв֪𣿻ܣҪү㷢˶û֪һȥ
ѵӣĪϺү׵£ȴʱȥˣĲ飬Ͳͷȥ̫ҽˡ
ĪϺү˵б۵ģĻʱǲʲôΪ֪
عĪϺүʱѾˣֻʣԽԽԶļӰƤҩһһ·ĹлҲˣߵӰ١
ԼĻӸң˰죬ٵڣ˷ĪҪʱ㵽û
صĪһʣǶ˵үԹҩ󣬲ˣѾعӼȥˡ
ˣͷѩȻʱ㲻Ҵڸ֤飬ҪܵӼȥ
ߣͷݣҶ˭ûʤ㡣ȫµˣֻϵƣ˭Ҳ֪ĵƣ֪Ƶ·
¼֮ĵһգһ춼û͵ʱôԼ·ȫȻԼʱ£ֻǵʱͬĪϺүƭ¡
ȻҪķģˣ㲻ʦʱӲա·ߣʱƭĻΡʱ䣬ˮĥʱ㡣
Ȼӵһ죬ûȵʱΪʱù飬һԼʱӸһ棬˵Źţ˵Īʱл͵飬Ź˵סĪϺүһɿظȥŹ
Īʱ㾹Ȼл͵飿ˣֻԴ䡹һըˡ
Ӻܿ侲ʱлãһ֪ġ˵ʱл͵飬ȴš
Ů͵ԭ򣬶///ȣи棬ʱлĽãȴֵ飬ɲ顣
ϡ֣׼ȷĶ壬Ӧǡˡ˵֮⣬˵ףȻǸˡ
͵ԭ򣬶һʱˣҲǹܲס°Ȼסݺβʱ㣬ʱǸܲס°ĸ͸ʱˡ
һܵס°ĸֵ͵飿¶ֻЦ
Ц֮࣬־ԼĻᡣڴҶԸָָ֮ʱƸүͦվʱߣʱ㹲ͬջʱĸмͺøС
Ӵۣ֮ʲôڻʵǰԼʱרθõķʽ
ңһ˵ʱлʲôβҲ׷Ϊ˵õʱģֻȥ˴£Ժ˲١ʱĲΣǰʱлŲ֮¡
첢ǳգ˵¹ط绯ͻʼ棬õϹ顣ǹˣ͵µ鷿ټӡ
ӱԼĻʵӺú̸̸֪鷿һ˺üˣĪʱ͹лȻ˵ˣڳģпƽĪүӣԼŹˡ
͵µۿӽ˵ˣͿ¸ôˣ


70 

ĪϺүŹ, ǴŶӽģʱһʹӡ
ͬǣĪϺүĪΪٹսķֻʣһķ, ˾λ, סӣŹʹ޶Ӷʾֻû, ϳ͡
˽֮󣬹ʱ, ˵, Ѿ׸Ī, ν޳ȥġ, óȥˮ, ԸĪ빲
Ȼ, תʱ㣬˵ʱ㣬㣬ȳ, жᡣ
ʱһֿ, ľʵĿ˵׽ʲô᣿
ӶݺݵлһǱ, Ҿ֪뷨, ɺ°ܻǵֵ, û˵ʱ㣬ĴҪ˵д, Ҵ, û, ûбã㱻ģԶߵ£覡
ȻŹҪ˶ӱԼƽǺãȫ鶨ˣǹл̰ʱ㣬ơʱܺߣһζڹл
͵µۿͷ븸ʱ
͵µۻû˵ʱ㵹Ƚ£ǳöӣŰݷ֮ڶӵĲˮˣնӳ¡ǳĴԸеһкЩʵѾӵ֮ǰ˵һˣ˵ġһѱĻڣҵӣǿƸҵȣʱ㱾㡣
лؿ޵ʲô֪Ϳøʲôѽء
ĪϺүҲ޵£ǳﲻϣȲ֪֮߳£ûʼߣǡһףһֿ޵ֻǣĪʣһˣ¡
ĪϺүһ޿ˣŹʾҲӣ޷
ˣ͵µ۲ĪϺүŹûû˵ϵصϵ԰۴
ȻԽԽ˼ʮĻʵۣأһ仰ĪϺүŹϷأȺ䡣
ֻҪһлҸڳˡõģ˦ֳʱ㼸⣬ѣ棡
ʱ㾹Ȼȥ˵ʲôùлҩգԼӻ
ǰ棬ֻȰʱ㣬ǲڹַŻȺͿĪڶûѣ
ʲô͵µ۸Ͻ׷ʡ
ĪϺү˵ʱС㻼һ֪ʱƽ죬һ־塣־ֳ֢ͬ״ʱȫʱǺʱǿﲻȵȡʱҽ޲ߣһηиһƿҩӣܸΣԻⲡ飬֮ʱһűáⲡʱ겻һΣʱֻ
лԴӱ״鷿ֶֿޣڶ߶µ˵ˣ֤Լһʱ㷢
Ϊ˱סʱ㣬Ҳ֤Լʱ㷢
͵µǱӺƼŵģȥĪȡҩ鿴
ʱҩȡ͵µһҩװһƿ̶СûζԼаʮ͵µ̫ҽҩĪϺүϽ˵ǸηѾҲˣҩһһӵľҩ򲻸˷ˡ
͵µ۵ҩӳˣô죿
ĪϺү˵ǸηнʱҪģֻҪʱ˳죬ٳ˼ٱŭҲϲƺⲡ̫ᷢƵһƿҩ㹻ʱһӡ
˵ĪϺүԵµģ͵µۿ׷ʵĪл˵
ĪϺү꣬ҲжһЩԷη˵ƿҩӳˣ˻ûôڣ˵Ⱳӹòģ糬
͵µ߳ʣҽ߸ĸ𣿡͵µ۷ԸιһҩӸʱԡ
ʱ²ãǿƸӲۿɼȥȻ󿴿ҿһ֪ںδ¶ӣ͵µʱһϻ̳ϿֵϷڵأڳƣ£꣡
͵µȤش̽ʱ㣬ԡ
ϢľĬУʱССʹһߵӣô£
ͷЦװװǣܽҷñסʱ㣬סˡ£˵ǰ״
ʱˣһϴˢʼҵĳ裡
ӸϽͷʣʱ㣬ֻǷ˲־壬Ż˭ûзʱأʱССʧġ󸸻ʣʱɡ
ĪϺүһߴͷ£ϳ飬ĪһңֻʣһӵķϣϳѸߣûΪսɳԸڵĹѫСȮһ¿
͵µ۰⣺Ȼ׸ҲǻӣҲŻʼ档
ȳ£ȻϳͲڶһٱʾ⣬׷ķϣټʱǷ״̬ƺҲǲһ档
ؼǣ»ûֳνһʺŲҪϳʱ㣬ǰ׮¹֮ˣҲ֪£νϳ֮󣬵ˡ
˵ˣ͵µۻָĪʱ㽫Ϊ٣ܽĸ˺츣ԵԼڶԵΪôôء
ϳʱ㣬һв˵ĸôԳΪ٣
Щǣ͵µվţĪʱ꣬꣬ȥӼͻؼңҪſؾͨӼ࿼ˣˡ
ȻѾŹĪʱ㣬ûϳܺ˹лҲֻлڼꡣ
ĪϺүŹӡ޷ٺһꡣ
ĽҸ˿ߵлʶ׼˳֮ʱʱ˵飬
˵
С㻼棬ҶӲԼӵ׸ңòԱԣж񼲣Ϊ䣬á
˵
˵׸ûʸ͸ûʸһ˼Ҳ׸ûеλһ֡
ʱжΪɣãܸʼˡ
Ȼ׸µĺӻĪҲŻʼѪʱûҽεĶ񼲣ҪǻŴ
͵µۻڿǣѾȻ˹ʲô͵鱻ץʲôʲôĪҸ飬ĿΪ˸룬øһϣһ˰ˡ
ģͷֿڣĪң±̫ӵǣʱҵͷӦˣ˦ûţ
ǣղа򸸻֤ʱȷʵڷϣ۾
ߵͷʣʱСǸı֮ˣΪСʱ㣬ԸչʱһһһһϷҲϷ
ʱ㱻һ빲ı׸ˣܿ췴Ӧ¿ͷлӵµĺ񰮣񼲣ԣͷԲӵµĺ񰮡Ȼӵ²׷ʧ£ĶʱʱѱԺ󻹻ơ˵Ǵ治ĴĶ񼲣ҲΪǹڦӵµĽڡһֻĲҺͳ裬ӵˡ˵ϣһͷײԱߵӡ


71 

һĸ̫, ǼˣϽǰʱһͷײ, ֱ
ĪϺү, סʱ㣬ݺ᣺, ôô벻ѽ, , ôսɳĸװ, ĪҾֻһ, , ôĪҵڰ
ӽеʱ, ô˺ҡ
ʱ̫е빫ÿҲܼӵˡ
죡͵µ۱Կۣŭô˵ҽе, ʲôͳٳ, ϳȥ͢ȣ
͵µһ, ˶ɵðԭعá
͵µۻ, б, ˻ŵǰʧǣ, ټӷٺһ꣡ûٺ», 丸游, ˫ٺ
ղðǰʧҲ͵µֻǷٺһ꣬Ǹ⿪ˣ˸Ͻͷл
͵µΣû˹棬ֻܾȴţۻ롣
֮󣬺͵µ۲ŵС޿Ŀİ֣⣬ⱲӣֻܳҪĥһ£˵ɪгӦø˴һᡣ
ʵѾϳɾȻСڿڶԷ룬ΪԷá
￴ʵʱ룬ֻǲ˺˻ʼҵӡ
͵£ֵԼǰλѫ޵ݺᣬʱõһ̣͵µͼذֵĸо
͵µĵӣӶûпĪҵͼı̫ˡĶӣȫ̫ģȨԼһǾʹˡǣȫģƺֲ̫ȫ
͵µ۾Ӹ£ʱ촽˶Ҫ˵ߵʱ㣬Ǿίһ룬ϣĸûܹί޵಻⡣
ʵ۶ԼˣʱвʣȴҲ˵ʲô
͵µֵԼĶӣҲ᲻̫ί㡣ԼΪڣǲӶȥ޿롣
Ӻʱ㼸ͬʱе¡
͵µ˫һֹ˵޵Ӷ棬һ͡
̫еĪʱּ
ʵ۵ĽԶʥֻּǿûγ֣ôʽһΥ˿ͣͿʵ벻׷ˡ
͵µ۵ӶԺ㻹ǰԼĸۡסɡֻеĪʱͬ⣬ſĪ˻ֹ֣˶˵¡
պ͵µ۵Ĳ֣øվϳãΪ顣˼·͵ֿˣʱпܿˡˣ͵±ѹ
Σ׸һΪŷôҲ׹ݣʱƸ֮ʱ⵽̫ķԺͲˣ£Ҫάϵ
һ֮ڣӺΣȥӶСҲű󳼷飬ܲάһӣʱȥ㶨ʱ㡣Ҫ궼㲻ٶʱ䶼״ɴ롣
ǵͣƫ̻ʱ䡣ʵΪһ򻨴дһӵĻʵۣԸ˽⣬Զ̣֪ܲһȥȡںܶأأԲǹؼء䣬ʱǸŮˣңһ¡
ĪϺүŹ鷿˳ͷҲڴģ˼
ʵǿʱάֻ̻꣬ӣź˵ͣȴְѻϵеȨʱ㣬ƫ̻ʱ㡣
͵µ۶ӺĪʱ㶼Ǵһӣ棬治֪ƫ̻˭Ѳѽ
ӹĪϺүŹûκε֫壬Ľ˴˲һ㡣
ĪӵķһۣȻĪϺүóġıߵ˵İˣ氵˵ŹģҲˡ
͵ֳźãͬʱʱ͵ԣ˳;վϳãڷ˼ϴ
ǣʵ۵Ĵ÷˵ıһûгɹ
У޹ˣǹлΪûѯûȸͨŹӣпòס¼УԺ״̬ŵɪɪе˵ݵĻ
Ӱ˻ӸֻԼصӸҹһĪˣϳڿ졣ңӸȫĪڵԽӱ䱾ǵӳ
ÿӼգһĪһȥӭʱ㡣ԼǺ͵µ˽½ѵûٱʱ㶴ǸֺڣõˮʯĹ׬ȡʱĺøк͸ж
νֲЦˣʱ֪ӶԼ⣬⣬Ҳ̫˼ұϾǻӣܵøֱ棬ֻӣίߣ໥Ϸ
ӣ˶Ǽ尾ңӻһޣһһ̫
ʱƽҪڹӼ飬ԱˣţòˣصӦӵĳղ
һ˶ԼûģҪ˵ʲôҲҪʲôҪƾоȥܣǺ΢ȴܿɿĸо
ʱãӦܸ̬ܵȣӻƶسղ治֪ڣ
ۣ۵ſ¡
֪ʲôʱʼʱ㽥ؿʼ
ĪʱĪ¾游ĸףǣϲģ˼⡣ʱ㿪ʼ²⣬ǲûעʱʲôŬӮĪ˵ȵĽɡ
ʱСˣڼʱ붼ʲô
Сһͼˣ̫ү˷ԸǼֻһλүλӵ¡ûйүүǧҪ˵©ˡ
˽˵˵
С˴ҡͷ˽Ҳ˵ǽжÿûػӸҹȴĪĪ˵ȵһһӵ¡
ӸˣһйעĪ˵һоٶһ紵ݶŹĪգǰδеѹֳơĪ˶һģ˶С׼ꡣ
û˸̸룬ʱֻԼĬĬ䡣ãӦܸܵĲϲǶܣʱһһܵϲ
Ȼûж˵ϲʱǸоˡ
ռȵĪɹĶԱȣʱ춥ͷǶӣһõӡ
Ĵڣûܵѹʲô͸ʲôң벻ûиѹ෴ģöͷáů
ǵģů
֪ʲôʱ򣬶ͷиˣصԼСԺʱСԺģ˵ʱи˻죬ʱиܽȭŶᷴ
Ķͷ磬ΪĴڣ¶ȣֻһ˯Էĵط
ǣСԺ¶ȵǸˣȥңԶĹկⱲӶزˡ
뿪֮˰˾үˣȥկ׼ϵǱ߹úһ㡣
֮ǰǱӼ࣬ҪҪдţʲôʱ㵱ʱ˻ûдţҲ޻˵
ȥկµĹ»ûлʱѾʼλܴһЩϢ
ţ´ξүȥկʱһҪдţ˵ˡ


72 

̫ӺȦ, ͵µ۵ȻʱԺתϾʮˣǺܸ, ٺ, ܻꣿ
ˣڻݸһ֮, ˳ô󳼽ԵĽ㣬ÿ̸
ʼʱ, ֻ󾡿, ѡ
ǿõѡʮ, 긻ǿİ˻ӡΪҲǼ̺ճе, ޵ԭ, ̫ӺӱȦ֮, ˻ӳ곤ĵӡ
ĵڶӡʮ꣬ĸԭǺ͵µ۵̫ʱĶֻ, , Ҳл̺ġ, ǳ̫⣬곤Ļ, , ҲһЩΪ
ǣܴνɣ͵µ̩ɽ, Ӧ, Ǹʽ, ·ʵƵġ
תۼ䣬һȥˣֵء
ȥկµĹ£ڴإˣһϢʧˡ
µկΪ´֮ʱǡ챩꣬ɽɲɣ뱻˿
󳡵ĹԱֽ֯ȣֻĿʮΣգȽչǻм仹˺üС¹ʣûȳϼ
һڱ˽һ£һֱڵ¼䣬ڰǿͨˡӿҵʮʬһһϺȷʵݣУû롣
ۿ쵽ˣûȷҲʲô£ֻ÷֪ˡ
˺ϢҲĬȻˣ£Ҳ˲ңûҪҪҵʬף£Ϊֹ
˹կ
ʱС͵͵ݸϢѹѹǻģµĺ磬˷ǻתŰִӹ︭
ֻʱһû䡣
ϵʱʱ˯ţ뱻Ѻ·ʱžһǣߵĳϵظʱԺ
˯ţʱ߳ᣬһ̧ͷաϺڳģûѹֵĸоڰе׺ŵļǣ˸΢⣬ƺִϣ
ʱ㲻ȥĴһ賿Ժӣ˺þõҹաʱ顣мˡ
תǴʮӻһĪܲ˵ӵı湦ͦõģТĪϺүԼʱ㣬ĪҵǣҲõ˻Сĺ
ΪӣҪʵ۹꣬ڰʱֽȥˡ
ӸˣĪ˳극ʱҶ˵һٷԵùѵɢˡ
ʱصԼСԺԺϹŵҶ޹˵СԺֺиԣƢʱȻͷ˶ᣬһѳڴͷĳ/ǹһ±Ҷˡ
ɲ˵ʱһֱ˲ŤһȶأһǹѶ˸ֱӰѶڳ/ǹϡ
һһһ·⼸ѹͷĿһ·й˳
ĪС˺ͻӸүǸʲôúõңʲôҪˣͷֵûǮȥ
ʱԸȥˡ
Ȼʱȥ鷿֦Ǻ˴ӣȥֱԺŵĨī֭Ĵ֣ͷ硣
ӣѱһӣʱԼд֣ͻȻһĵֱð
ϲ⡸ͷ硹֣ţⱲӶͷɣ
Լ׷ɱʲôĸоĪҰõ޹ǣѺȥƧڷʬ׶Ҳ
ȵȡʱٴ̧ͷڳҪѹһҹգֻҹУм˸΢Ĺ⣬ϣһ
ûҵʬ壬Ҳ뻹ûءͷʱԺðͷ΢ϣ
ʱ˳˼·ȥû˵Ĺ֪ǲ˵ŵˣ
ǣŵߣӷһץסǸˣŵˣڵĴŸ⡣
׷ɱٸͨ󣬺δ֮أ
һɲɣ֮⣬ʱȻһͷð˳ԽԽǿҡ
һС˺˿ʱͷԺϵ֣öûжЩģүôˣ
û¡ʱ㰴ͷȥ˯ˡ
ļ죬ҶæŹꡣΪһӣڼ䣬кܶӦꡣЩӦ꣬Ӧôʱ㣬ΪʱǸŮˣҪŮ
ʱ㻹ڽڣֻڹӼͼתȦҲǴʮҪʵ꣬ʱȴԲȥԭ
죬ĳλּԾȵŮɦŪ׵赸λȰҪЪϲĸ
ҡҡͷˡ
һۻĻӣһߵһ˵˵Ҳǣˣһ԰ѼĽ澶ǲɢˣȻƤȥŷο࣡㿴㣬Щ輧۾ˣ˲࣬Ů˺棿ŵģݲߣܲ㣬㲻ԼҰʳ
˵꣬ϯϵļӶЦҲźǺǵЦ˲صĿ˵ʲô
ЩӶǲͬɵĶӣƽʱҲûٽ飬һ𣬶ǳԺ֣ûʲôġҪҪһѵܹӡ
ۿˣλӵܽȥ֪˵ӵµм£Ҫӵ档
ͺʧˣҲ˵϶˴¡ӸϽ˳ȥļλЦòλ˲˰ɣ
ĪʧˣС˵棬һϽô¡
˻˵ҲĪ¶ҲĪˡĪҵ˶֪ʲôʱʧٵģˡ
СôСץһһʣʲ
˵ѾʹˣӣСȥ˵ǲ֪ʲôʱ򲻼ġڼ䣬赡Ҳǳ顣
ӸϽ˼ҸܻĪңֻĪѾҳһšһѲ֮󣬲ûҵĪʱ㡣
ˣ϶ˡүˣ˵ȥʵ
ĪϺү˶һۣͷԼͬ뵽һطϱկ
Ϊڹ֮ǰѶ֮ʱúܳĬԺܵ䡣
ӰĪϵĶӿȻ˵֪ȥˣܺãҡ
ĪϺү˱˵ȸǷ˵ʱ㻹ڽڼ䡣
汻˷٣ǿּץܵķ͡
˻У̲ס˵ˡ
˶ˣȥʲôͷһӸоͷޱѹ
һ˲䣬ˣʱϲĵһˡŬһ꣬ԭ̤ʱϲѾˣ˻һʱɣ
ǸˣʱͷûҲὥתƵϣ
£ӾԼԳȥʱ׷ֶĪûмʱ׷ʱ㣬ǵõӼ٣ͬʱԼˣҪʱߵ´ȥ


73 
˵ϲ
ʱ벻, ڹկһСԺǸˡֻǸľȻһŸߵϣ΢΢ͷ, Ųãա
ů, Ȼ£ҲֻҪһ¡ͷǶ, ˵Ƥɹúġ
봩żֲ·¶ļɹ˺ںɫϵѾ, ͷù, ز˸̹, Ѻʱô, , 
ŷ, ӦסӪôסկ
Ѷ֮󣬻ټ룬ʱͷ˵ĸˣ鲻Խ˹ȥ, һ߽е, û, ̫ˣһ߱һӵ
ǧܹߵ˹կ, ڼ˻ŵ, ʲôһӵܱĻϲأ
, 뵭Įһۺɨ, ʱ㲻ɵͣסȥӵĶ
ֻһ۲, ʱʶѲͷǹϵˣ֮䣬ǧɽˮ
ʱƾֱȻһЩԵ£ڶͷ飬һ߽ȥѾš
֮䣬ֻһšڶͷʱԸ볨飬ˣȴرˡ
˵ʱʱǼܳһʱ嶯ڣ߹ǰδ߹·ǰδܵѺĥҲҲ;
ǣƾһǻִ͹¼ߵ˹կ
һ·ڼзɿسɳվǰʱѾǶͷǸµĵˡ
ˣʱ㿴ɨԼʱѧ˲չɫ㶮ˣûϲرܹȥǱߣ̧˫ۣأֱֱߵǰЦ룬ʱ㡣
ûʱ㣬Ŀʱɨû˿ͣٵƿˣԶʵĿⱻݵø߸ߵԺǽ赲ܿԶԶ̬ʵֻ۷ſգһãȻؿԺǽ
ʱ߽סĿ⣬˵룬ѽʱ㣬㲻ǵˣ
ĿͿʱؿڣĿɢҶͣȻ۾ģûдݵӡ
ûзӦʱ߽һЩ̧һģġѡ
ǣʱֻû£Ѿɿվ˿ˣѡˣһĨ⡣
ʱ뵽ȥͱʱһֻͣᡸŶŶŶɣǲ⵽ʲô̿ʲô֢ʵôˣ°ʱ㡣ǳɹףݹã죬ܰ
ֻǽ䱸룬Įؿʱ㣬һûҪ˵˼
֮£ʱֻתͷģǸ嵷ˡˣʱҵģʱģ˵Դ롣
ԳƽС嵷ŸͬĿʱ
嵷ʱ˸лҪ˵ɫʱһߣʵҼĪû£ļ
塣ʱ㲻ŵʵǰ壿
ʮӡ嵷ᶨصͷ۾ʱ㣬һգգʵĪ֪Ҽӵݣʲô㣿
ǻ壬ǸӰʱ뵽˵һ׷ɱʵǻʵΪʲôҪ׷ɱ
嵷ʱ򵥽һ
ǰʮӣһܲʥ衣ǰʱ򣬰սͣ۱ȥӡ·Ϸиڰˡ󣬱Ƶ۲òһ۰Ķȥӡ
ԼĹˣٹ޹أٹ֪Сû⣬ֻҪһӾУĸӣٹ沢ں
֮󣬰ø߰Ĵۣλӻ˻ȥһ¼ٹ֪ˡ
˺룬ڲ𱨣㰵ּ׷ɱ
ʼʱڰڶأٹɱٹҹݲܵһǳܵõϢĻᡣ
ڼ䣬ǽͬ׷ɱɣͬ
嵷ϵĹܺãӺܶ཭ϵ£ƽһѣʦѡ
̫ӵ²֪ô֪ɵĴ˸ӣټιӼֱ
ɾùӼֱôһ٣Լ˹٣׷ɱԼٻһЩ˼ɣ˽̫ӵµ
ǣǰ·ϣɱ֣ƴȫűȫ룬ȴض
ƾڰʹɳ񣬽Ϻ͵µ۵ͣ²ٹһŻȨᡣ
ǣ붥ɵݣǰȥӼְȻٹȨۿ
ϣְ֮󣬹Ӽĸ߲Ǹףȥ̽ܰ㻨õ£ùԱʵ֤
ֻһȥ̽黨ӣⱻĹū׬ϻҩӽüӡ
嵷˵һļ񣬺ñΪˣͲ׷ɱˡһѾ׼ðоӣüһ͵ʬ壬ӱܽˡ
ֻ벻Ǽƻúúõݣʱ䲻ðˡ
ʱ㲻˴Ӻ̳Цǣס
Ȼ벻ǣϲʱˣʱȥ̯Ƶʱϲʱˡ
벻嵷˵Ȱ棬һУðűɱΣգĪ׸
嵷ϲԼĻʱ֡汿ٶۣڲŷӦ
ʱתͷԶʯһ·Լ⡣
ʱͷǸϲԼôƺԼүүΪүүƺԼĸΪĸסȻŬڽļͥÿˣ˶ùϵӮǵغΡ
Ǹӣ˵ϲԼȴĪҸüɹûһ徲ӡԼ游ĸף𾴵ʱΪү͡ˡݵʱ򣬱ΪĪ͡ϡ
ʵ˵ݲ࣬ǲܳĻӡ˵ϲϲֵμһĿȻ
ӵϲԼʱЩߣʣô֪ϲң
嵷ʵĪѾ֪ӵˣô죿
ʲôô죿ͷʱһתˣ嵷淢벻ľٶ
淢йӣ˽Ǳ뾳Ǵһܻ֮͹٣ǻУǴ󹦡
ֲ嵷Եô裬ȫڽ״ֻ̬ҪԼ¶ж벻뷨ֶԸԼ
ʱЦЦŬչʾԼ⣺ģҸɹףݹãǷҲκζ¡
嵷ǳײӸ˿
ʱϽȻӣҰѣ֮¡
嵷һ䣺ֻǵѣ
嵷ɫǰأʱ㲹ҲУôһϲһ㡭


74 
һ
ʱ, 嵷Լ˵ϲʱ˶˿Ƶģӽ΢Щ
תͷȥ롣û˱ƽԼ, ԾԷǸߵ, ƺԾɳԼû˵Ļ
ʱ, 룺ɵ˰ɣ
嵷˿ʼ¡
̵ܹ, ƽߵկ, Ȼǿ嵷˰չˡ
ȵ,ʱʣǡӡ, Ǹʲôϵ
ԭ, ĸǰĳλȨƵĽİ, ΪȡڻʵۣԼİý׸ʵΪλòԸˣӲ, ʵҲ, ݺܵ, λҲߣֻǸˡ
, վӡλ˸, ΪСѵʮλʿ
ֻʮλʿӵ, еĲ, ߵʿֻλ, 嵷֮һ
;˾˿ɻţʱ֮Իһ䣬Ϊڿӣѡ˵ǣˣֻ±ǣ
ˣˡȻ嵷Ļشʱ֮Уֻ嵷˶٣ֲǱɱģң¶Ӵ̼ܴ󣬲ڻʹˡ
ˣŻҪӣԸӣΪһ棬һ棬жԼĿͷŭ
ʱˣֻͷܣԭĸɱĸ׺;˼ң˼Ҿ簡
ʱܵģֳ״̬˳ôˣ
ԭﰾ̲Уϰѿƽǣ̫ӵܳЩͷ˸ˣԳƶʮӣ룬˵ѾȡΪĪĸү
ĪҲԼţΪͷ֮ϣ̫ӵһ׵ף˭ˣ˭͵ݽȥ
ǣʱ㼱׸ԼΪ˲ʼּ޸ӣǰæһŲţֻûֻ֤
벢İ飬ֻŽ᰸նҲνֻܼʱ㡣
оˣǧܻŵȻãţܹ黹ϣٲڰʹ׸ľһ˵ʿܡ
Ȼûˣȥʱ㻳ˡ
޳ܣӾȻֻʱֻͷ޳ܡ
ߣϢ˲֪ʱǸһˣһ˷ϵȣϲǸˡ
ֱѺǣӶڻجج֪ϦϦ״̬УͷԺϵһ仰ϲǸˣǸ˻ˡʵ˵ڶش
벻Ƕ֮ˣ̶̵˶ⶵĶʮһûϲ˭֣ȥǿʵϸ壬߼˵ˡ
ʿи汣Ȼ־壬ƽص˹կ
ֻǾ룬ԽԽõسԼȫʿǴ㣬ÿ챻Ѻ󳡣ֻӡ
ʿѾ׼ôԶݺ⣬󶴿Ϣ֮͵͵ؽÿϵС°ּӽ˿󶴵Ŀ롸˿ȻǴ뿪ӪڹկŴ󻧡
ʱȥĹµĳǵע⡣Ǵҹ׻֪ʱ㲢ûлУӶƶϳǸӵĻš
ʿֳɣһΪðԭƻԶݺ⣬ӵĳɵһʱĲʱţԻὥתһɾãӦ̽һĪʱģĪʱ㲢ûǵ
֮ԾԶݺ⣬ܴһԭڵľ״̬ãʲô¶ɲˡֻܷǵ׳־ģһ壬ң
лǵҲ˵ǻлḨӣɾһҵ
ʿһǾȿĪʱķӦ
Ǳ׼԰Ϊڣ룬Īʱڸոտ֮ʱ𼱻ǵˣһ糾͵ӣƥӵ
ʱתͷ룬Ȼû˵ϲ嵷ĽУܸܵϲϲñ𱧵Ϣôĵ־ɵ
жϲжġĵɵˣǲǿƳϲϲɵˣ
ʱŰʵ۵׷ɱȴԸ̵׸ɲϲɵ
ͨЩʱ㿴Խᣬг⣬룬Ҫˡ
ʱûиܹĸ飬ͬ飬ãžǰɡ
ȻʱΪŴ󻧡СԺסÿϸ˵һӽŻ
ʱһһظһȹʱ⣬ǵİ죬ܣ壬ˣȵ顣ʱҲһһظ֮ͣԶĪ׸ֻΪ˲ǣ̫ӵûϲӣûлʲôġ
ʱǣ֣ԼĶӣ˵ûлУǸ쵰˵˵ġҪǻˣˣӸùˣ㿴һûйŶ
˵ЩʱʱɬּᶨЦĿ˵ӣʱʱǷǳἰģۡ
ϲˣ̶ϲˣһƺ˳֮£ʱڲ֪ǰһֱԽܵʵ
ʼʱķӦǳٶ٣˵ţֻҪʱ㱣һľ룬һ죬ĬĬʱ˵ûжٱʾ֪ûȥ
һ죬ûһ仯ʿеˣʱ㻹ظ˵˵ĻֻҪһʱ䣬
ʱʱʿǶоˣʱ˵ʱרעؿʱ㣬רעʱ˵ٿʱĿʱִ֣Լʱ಻죬Ϣʿկ﷢ӣˣʱĻˡ
ϣʱ˵ʱԵñż룬ҪЩǸһ׷ˡҪץһȥ
⻰һסʱ֣յýģ·һ֣ʱ뿪һ
˻Ӧʱʮָˣ룬ö˵Ļǲǡ뿴ʱ㣬û˷Ӧ
м䣬ʱȥʱ֣Ϸſʱȥָ˵Ҿȥһͻ
Ϊż˵ҡҸ㡭һȥſ㣬Ͳҵˡ
˻Ҫһȥʱߡ
ֻڿΪ˵ˣʱִϲɵѽϲ㣬Ż㡣ôԶľ룬Ϊһ·ǲϲ㣬һҲûá
Щ˵ҡǰ͡׹ˡֻҲ֪ô¡Ϊװ


75 
¶
ʱһӵס, ϲˮһӿ룡ʼʱˣվû, ʱĸ첲, סԼ֫Ȼ, ս˫ۣʱȦԼ
, , һڿͷ
ʼʱ, ʱ㻹Щ, , Ժ˴֮, һʲôأ
뽥ʱ㣬֮ĽԽԽ˴˼ɿ, ʱ, ʧøõĸо, ݸ顣
ӻָˣʿǺǸ, ʱⲽ, ߶ˡȻûиʱʱ䣬ǽŵ۽ô⡣
.
벻ʱջڼ˵ʱ, 벻Īʱǰɷ, , ǸƲֵʱ㣬ֱˣ
һת֮䣬ѾеԭίˣţֻϲߣϲŰϧţŻʱı仯òϣʱϲ룬ôŬȫ׷ˡ
һ㣬ӺܲģҲգ¼ŷЬ䣬ôҸˣˣһ䣺ӪȥŪǸˣ
ʱ㿪żɽ˵ûϲңûСұֳĺãֻΪϲ㣬ضѡҺãҵˡͻԵ
ӣԼľӪһ֮õĶʱ裬ʱֱԲһѴ顣
ţӵľУʱ̹ϵظ̯ƣʾԸѸ˸ԵӣϲҪٷĻˡ
һ°αװϾǼʮѿ£ӻһ£άԼӣڱ¸ǰ·ģ˶֪Ƿͬͬ£ͬʹ࣬ͬͬˣӦ֮£αطҪǵĹϵֲôôһıɴñ˴˿ȥһЩ
ʱȥҸ㣬ʲôϵԼûѺ˵ļٻԼ㲻øЦ
ӱʱµԿ˵ǻӣлӵ棬ֻˣ᣺ҲܣҶΪǷҾҪϵʵ
ʵԣ䲻Ŷ俴ӡ
Ӵ󾪣Ͻܳ鿴ӦűߵĻӸһӰӶûУɫֺڵ꣬Űһҡӵɫʱѿ֮㡭ҵôˣ
뵽ǽ˯ȥˣµġصƵ壬ľʵſˣ˾Ȼͱ˽ˡ
ҵģģ뼥ЦſӣתΪвҴʱ⣬ǼһˡŲţȻЩذƻ£ǻл˵
ΪҪʣϽˣҳ飬ûն
˭˵ʱ㣬Ӷ£Ҫ˵ģ˵Ǻ¡
һʩ̯֮ӸĪʱͬˣӸĪʱһӱ޷
󣬴ʿ׹ʱƵذз
ӻʱ㷵Īʱڽں󡸴һ֮ڲʱϸջʼĪ
Ϣʹ͵µ֮󣬴οϻһϢԾ֪ĳЩʵỳɡ޺ֻϵ˼ʵʲô¶ûз
ΪһٹͰ϶ˣĪһլӣլڼĻָӡ
ʱĽ֮ʱһͬϯѫȦӵᣬߵΪ˳ĽһԼż
һڣ͵µ۳ŻǶ֮ʱگ飬ʮΪ̫ӡ
Ȳգֲʥ裬һأѧǳ־ߣһǴڴ޷͵µ۵뷨ѵΪӼ˸
ܳжٴ󳼽Ȱɣ͵µԾɼԼľǣд󳼲²⣬͵µ۲谮ʮӣʵӿļ룬Ķӣݼڣʵôܲƫ
ǲ⣬ʱҲ⣬ڸ밵Ļ֮ʱʱ⡣
һ˵ǲ⣬ΪǲΪһ롣Ѿˣǰģǻϡ
ԽǾܸɵĶӣԽв뾡ܵػþãɶӵҲһһ¶ӵȲˣᷢƹȨֻȷˣвĶȦһ㣬ڻ֮ʱѾһˡ
Ϊ̫ӣҲ⡣һǰ̫Ѿʮˣٻһʮ꣬ǰ̫Ҫȵʮŵǻ˵ǰ̫ܲܵôãѽ뷨յǻѽǣӻᣬٵһʮ꣬ȵ𣬶ʱڣðȨ뷨ҲûжٳԻϹвӲѧǳ޴־ȫ
˵ǱƫƫӣҪһ㲻Ҫҡǰ̫Ϊµĵһӣõ³Ϊ׺۰͹ע
Ȼ½Ż̫ӵʱһû飬ϵȨǰƨǣɼ۲۰ó̫ӣûϵ
ʱƺ⣬ĵ׵ʹЩߣæϵĵĵݸ룬Ӵ˵˵£ʲôѽĪ˵ЩˣԵġǧƤϲˡ
벻ӣ죬ʱιʱҲգŵģһСһСιһʱ⾲ף¾á
Ե˱סʱָͷ졣û뵽¶֮£ʱ󾽣Ͻء
ְʱ§˹Լǰڰӷ̫֮λˣһСĿǴˡССһ£ȥˣ˯ɺã
˯ֻ˼ʱһ㶮ˡûоЩչЩӾ£컹ҪعӼ࡭
û£ģֻ˵㡣߽һ㣬ʱ߹ƻ󣺡㣬ӴԺ󣬰ҳױˣֻ㣬ɺã
ܶøηŵ̬ȥһĺͺʤġĶܹˣˣ/ϵУ͸ԸΪһ
ʱҲ֪һ죬һеģֻҪڽû׼ʱԥţѾͷʱĴϣ˱
ҲܶðʱǰֻЦӲֲ֣ʱδǱ˴˳飬Ͷϣʱ򣬸ðǵĹϵƽһµĸ߶ˡ
ʱܹܵʴֽ̼ŵĸоټͷԭмԸ⣬ɵ/壬ʩΪư͵ظһ𹲸ɽꡣ
Ժ󣬳Ȥʱ㣬ÿӼգ㳣ǽĻᣬսޣ繣ȵʱַǽȥװڶͷ綫һ˯
ʱΣУһ֮ʵ룬˵Ҫǻˣզ죿


76 
ǲ
һ, ʱͨӼĿˣԱɡһй٣ƷҲ, Ϊһո˵, 㱻ְǺܸߵĹְˡ
͵µÿ, ּʱڴ󳼣ϳվࡣ
Ƕ֪͵µó÷󵽸, , Ժ͵µ۶ʱ, ЩûҲҪһεԹ, û̫
Ȼʵּϳվ, ʱӵЩ΢ĻȨ, ھʱ򣬵ʵ۽̬ʱʱ㶼ᰴվү˵Ľ̵ʹϡ, ʾĳĳ˵ò, , һ˵Ҳеȡ, ʥá
ֻĳЩ漰ӵ, ʱŻֳ΢ƫ򡣲ʱǳ˫ԵĶϣƫһԼķ, ǺĲ𣿴Ҳ, ɡ
֪, ꣬͵µ۵ٴ˥ּ̫Ӽ
ڳϣԹۼϰ̫ӣղ¸Э£ʼʵϰ
ϻʵԸ̫Ӽ£ʱ˵ҲĿһֵ֮¡
һ֮ʱһֱӣҶŲǸǰǵľˡ
ʱ㻹֮Уֻһ²˵Щʿ̫ʿˡ
ʿȻ˭˵ʿ
ڹկʱ嵷׿ڸ˵ģүСʿ
ʱ̹ӵǰ˵ʱ㻹ˣʿ嵷ǫ˵
ʲô
ǡҾ˾˸ıʿÿ˶֮⣬ÿ˶һר򡣡볤̾˿Ҿ˾ϻλʮ˸ıʿǸ׼ģִİס
ʱû˵ֻĬĬ֣üͷ
û뵽ȲǴչȴģרҵûϣΪõˡһ·˴룬ֻʣˡЩѹûܸŵٻǶԲǡ
Դ/ˮ/֮֮ĽԽĬ˵ʱܸܵѹŶ˵Ǽ书ҲûбҸ߶٣ôҺųʿأԭѽǿɱʿöˡ
嵷˵ǻʣֻˡ
԰һģʵʱˣˣΪѡ漰ڲ£һٹˣƺùʡ
§ʱֱۣ˽˵ʱ㣬һģ֪ʲôֱʣԺ󣬲Ҫ˶٣شһ澭̣س׬ǮʼеĿһġߣǲӦ˵ıʿӦ˵λ졣ÿ˶Լ¡
ӵԣĬ˺ܾãõʱΪ˯ˣֱ΢̧ӣţע⵽ĳЩԾæȥ룬е룬쿴쿴ҵ룡
뿴ʱڲ࣬һѪСָͷЩС롣ĺ룬ϱĵطһ룬ϣһ룬ܹҲ֤Ǹ
ʱ㾪һʱҿǳؿֿƲʲôߣֻʵôˣ
ɫֱ䵭ˣûо
һ·ˣѽûо䵭ѽ˵ʵɫ˵죬ֺˡû¶ģһһէˡ
ʱƵҾòԾԴӸ뿪ʼ֮ʱоϵ뽥䵭ˡֱ䵭Ƿǳ΢Сı仯ֻʱ춼ῴϵ룬Żط֡
˵ôصĶʱҲ˲鿴游ĸ˼֣һֻñԼҲǸܹϵŻ뿴
֪뿴ԵЩΪȻʱӣģ⣬ͷʱ
Ա˲ˣʱֻţ벻ˣʱı﷽ʽȥһ١
Ȼ򲻹룬һϧʱͷˡ
˭֪ʱ㴷ˣŴţ˼ս׵ǣڳ󣬼ս֮ʱȻҪǣɱذ
ƣ֮ʱ뻹ű£ʱһһȭ޹ȥȥ
ԼֻùԹƽʱ
.
ʱΪ̫̫ӸǰĽǷǳķģһöϵӺ
룬Ϊڰıʿղ¸ıʿͷԷȣҪϻʵ֮ʱ֮ʱʱӣʼձֶϻʵ۵͹ϻʵ۵ﲻ޳ɡ
ϻʵҭ֮ǰҲκθĸ෴ϻʵ۵߿֮£ҪһЩʵݵãɫʵֳسɵ
ԸָƽӹΪ˼ȡҲҪâ躹ޣԲӦ䣬Сʻ괬Ҫȡǰ̫ӵĽѵ£Ǹλٸɲ١
˭֪ϻʵ۵嵽Ǹʲô˭֪ϻʵۻ᲻һҪϻʵ۸о̫ȻЩųҲ̫ܣŰȫ
Ȼϻʵ۵ʱʱ㣬꣬żݱҲȻϣϻʵԽԽ±ȨĲԽأɱԽӷ꣬˵ǷƮҡꡣ
̫ʱһһĸ֮£״ضһδεѪ¼ǧش̫Σλϣϻʵۼݱ
̫ӵǻԪ䣬ʹԪۡ
Ԫ۵ǻ֮һɨǰǷƽӹĸףһԱ⣬һɲ㳲䲼ȥŻȻԭǰԪ۱ֳƽӹܣн躹ޣʵǸǺıľ
ͷϲһɨĺչֳһ
ʱָһֹǵС̡һʱĴ䣬ǰפر߽磬ӶѱȨץ֡
ʱе㲻̫ӻ׷Լ뿪ƿأԶ߱
һڵص϶㱱ϵġ
ƾʲô
ƾʲô뿪ġЦĿ˵ҪǲţǴģˣӡ
һᵽ£ʱķúܡ
ǰķǲܽ飻ķ
߰ˣǸôûлأ˵еĸǺ׻еġ
ˣʱһ룬ߺߵë̼ҡ̧֣ǿѾÿҪ룬Ȼ룬Ҳ֪ȫĨ
뿴ʱĶЦǰҾ˵ˣǲ룬ҲǸʼʱı䵭ûӣǻõĴԽԽ࣬ԽԽʱʶʱ㲢Ǹ
Ǹʱܵ˺ôһĴܾ޷ԼǸʵ
ϿԼǸʵϲˣϲһӣֻɲǸʱܵ˺ôһûԼǸʵ
ʱ㴹ͷɥʣҪǸôһ𣿡ҪǸôس׽飿ǲЦ


77 
Ϻ
ʱ, ӵڻ˵ϲ㣬ΪǸϲ, ǸҲ, ҲãҶһӡûк, ǿڱôô˵˵ȥ
ϲʱ, ʱʵ
ϲʱϲʱ, ǲǸ޹, Ӳʱ㵱Լͨɹ·ϵ
Ӵʼ, Ķʱĸ, ʱ, ûʲô˼ˣԼܹøߡ
ǿ׼һ㣬ܸ̯, ˡ
ʱ鷳֮, 뼸仰Ȱ, Ҫһʱת˼άˡ
뿴Ż, ϶ңʱ, 㣬ʶ㣬׸, Ⱳ˵¡
ʱ㱻߶߶, еа, ҳһΣҾ㣡ˣܸɵ£Ҳܸɣֲȱߣ
룺ʱ㷢ԽԽӲסˡ
ʱԼȥؿ˵룬ʲô
Ҳһͨĺ롣ϵ룬ЩǺ쳤ģҲһЩųű㳤ûˡѵ䵭£ǧҪñ֪
ǲںʱǲǸӾںģ˷ޣǲɢ˼檣׸ĪȻ޸˸ûˣûлԵûиˣֱ˶ĳŪ߳ŭָʲô
ͬҲǾںġ֪ǵľǸʵʵˣһ취ʱ㣬Ȼ۸ʷ飬ЦЦ
ܲģֽҪõɰϴ̸ֻ࣬ҪϸͲױ˷֡
.
ʵʱݷǳСϣӵӵǻʱΪ󡣿ǣӵʱ䣬ȴûһӡӶʮˣϥ顣
ǰΪӣ̫ӣӿԱĪʱһô󣬵ϣֻĪʱһҡ
ӵǻˣϥ飬һϷ㻹ȥҲϡ
Ԫ꣬Ƿ׷ԣּѡ㡣ַ׷ȰΪüƣѡ㡣
νѡ㡹ʵȰʱ㣺ȻǸûǾ͸Ů㲻һֱԻʵۣûֱϺǸӣҲʶ㣬һ
Īǳʶܾ࣬ѡ㣬֮ǰߡ
ڴǰѾٶΪ󲻸ĵ۳䣬Ϊÿǣֻã뿴ʵ۸Ů˶ѡ۲ΪߣԶԶġߣĪʱ㱾佫ҳĪھӵв㽫м䣬ߣҲָᷢеǺ֡
ʵ˵ԪԸˣûƫáʱֳĺãȫΪ˷ˡֻҪ˸ˣˣν
Īʱ㣬ںǸˣںǸˣܹȡ裬˵Ļ
ˣ֪Īʱ㱳빴ɲҲһֱһ۱һۣװƣӲ׷ΪĪʱûи飬ҲӡֻĪʱ빫Ȼñӣñ
Ϸߡ꣬ҲôãڵǻƵˣԪ۾ԼڿԽˣ޲ðĪʱһ߿һʢѡοοԼ
ֻߡһ裬һ±ˣҪ˸ñӣҲһʱ
ˣԪۿʼıݣܾǲۺ飬ѡ㡭
ڴɣΪɽ𢿼ǣΪÿǡ
ĪԶߣ˵ĿǺ棬ڸ˳ֵı֮Ԫǿʣ԰Ī͵⣬ٱ֮ʣִĪ֣ˮӯþò֡һĻΪǵۺĵ䷶Զؽʷᡣ
ԪǰŸ߾󣬺űּһСΧѡ㡣ⳡѡҪѫ͸߹ٵ˼ҵŮΪά裬ĪʱľλòɶҡȾйѡĹŮֻЩͽλݣ־Ӷ
֮Ԫ꣬ųӽԪּز黨ԩһɹƽѩ׷⸧޶˱չŵģ⣬𸴡
аӼֱ롣Ѿڹկ׷͸ֻͻϼңθҡ
ҵѾõȥıʿָ㣬ĬĬ˶ӵ٣˵ݰٶңֻкôûл
԰ɵĹǻͻݣҺ¡ؼ֮ء
ǰסʱ㣬һȺмΪ⣺ߣҾݰˮҲܰװױҵ
Եúܵ䣬˵ݰٸңɵĸòھ˵ӳ˼ĽĲĸ룬֣Ը⿴ġ
ɵĸھȻһ檣ҵĵλѹҷˣҵҪ֡üĻϣӦܷˡ米ȥϣδܻÿġ
˵ˣܻĸ׻ţҾ˾˻ţðϧûᡣʱ㣬ӦΪŵˣһЩ
ֳ̾һ˵Īô˸ᣬ޿䣬ò֡ǣԼֻҺĸˣΪѹ˵ҵѡͬѣȻɲûüԣ֪ôߵðġ
ʱܵѹᱧסû˵һԴĹģٹµ
Ԫ꣬Ī˺ʮǰǮҺһΪʣϥŴɵĺƽЭ飬ٹӺȻְҪ̤ƽ
һٶȻ
ڴ󳼵ѩƬһݵԪ۵ϣȫǲĪ壬Ŀʥϡȵ״ġ
ԪһİŭҪ͹裬ɳ־Ŵʣǰͱ߾ͬʱ󷵻ο˼֮ࡣͬʱǱ˾ĪŰΧֹ롣
ĪʱְϢͷȻǸ˵ģ뱨һ֮ˣץĪʱİѱˡ
ѾǻƵˣҲӵòˣԺҲðѸһˣ
˭֪Ǳ˾ܿر˵Īլլ඼һլֻ¼տӡ
Ԫȥ飬һ֮ŷ֣Ԫ꣬ĪϺү㲡ˡ£ʱûиԪἰҲûϮ
Ϊһ๫˹ֲڸǰĸˣ˹֮󣬱ȥˣڵĸ£ûҵ
ǱߣԪ۵ǻ֮ǰҷ䣬Ƿ裬аṴܻ̊ߣǰ²ǣʵʵһЩУЩУֲն׷ױְ
ְ֮˾޹⣬ǰǰֳɼ뿪˵Ƿԭӡ
ʮ֮䣬Һôһˣȫ뿪ûһµġ
Ԫŭˣ


78 
3
Īʱ㣡ŭ֮, Ԫҧгݵһȭϣʹֱ
Ȼϵ˽, ǻ֮ǰ, ıڹٳˡ
, Īʱ㻹û۹⣬ֱʺ, ı, ӦĪʱ㱳Ǹˣ롣
ڹկ, Īʱǰ̯, ̸֮ʱ, ͷ, ȻĪʱ׸ܶ£˵㡣
ںĪλḶ́ȷڵǻ֮ǰ, ·ƶ, ĺüΣ, Ҳָ±ܿġֻǻ֮ٸˡ
ԭ, , ڰĪҵ˷ڷ
뵽ʲôˣΪʲôڻȨУ˾׼۹⣿
ԪֱӷĪʱľ, Ѻ, Ľפ߽, Ŷ־ǰӹܷϺʵı߾˻ٹ֮
ȻԪɳȥ־ȥ޻أһձ࣬ĪԪ۷ͥľġ
Ԫ۽ض˱߾ݹӦʼپַѾֻ벻һ־սսٹڡ
Īıر߾Ϊ˼ٹ밲֮ĵֻռٹأѴͶսУǰկȴһɰء
һԺ󣬰ۿסˣ˴аǸѾӪشһ˵ϢѾͷǰ۵ʮ룻ٹԪ۵ѷϾĪʱֻǶͷ졣
Ѿаλ롣
ôˣЩʱʱ⣬иоãʱ㽥֮У۲ѣҲԭС
ʱ㴩ףȻһйƵģһͷӪձ̺ϡΪʱϽȥȴʱ۾ôԼһ䣺ôˣ
һأʱûһ䡸ûʲô˵룬ǲǵãݸʱ˵һ仰
ʲô
ҪΪŵˣһЩ
⻰ʲô𣿡
ʱ˵ô䣬Ҿ룬ǸòΪԼһսЮʮҲмˣˣֵܽãĸ޶ġ룬ǲӦΪǶ𣿡
ǶྫһˣһʱĻ㶮ˣʵô±
ʱ̾һֳ̾һ֪һֱɱذĸ׺;˾ָҲֹ㡣ǣ룬Ǹλ𣿡
Ϊʲô
˵̫Ȼʱ㿴кһ˵
λĿ֪꣬аû̸ֻһֱȥһһΪֹ˭˭Ŀǰһ֮ʤܶࡣʱ㲢սܣҲֻǾãһҪĵЩٹʲôأ
ûиҪٽٻȴǴһԼҵ·ȻǴӮۣЩٹԣʲô壿
ĿԣãʱԳ˵һΪ㲻ջȨλ֮ˡ
ٹȨλûá
ʱٴζˣһֱĻ˳ᢣӵϴλȴûбֳȨλĿ󵱹٣ֻΪٹȨλ
˵ٹٸߵĸ߹٣࣬ûõģƽϢͷķҪصѰ췭ظ
ʱ̾һ˵ˣµı䣬ϧһҪĻʵۣ
ţһǼᶨģɡ֮Իɱĸף˾ˣȥӣΪ˶ϾԻλ롣ͷһ㲻ǸλӣƫǸλӸ㿴
ʱ㲻˵ʲôˣףһִٶĴۣҲҪȥɣȰˡ
뿴ʱΣֹʵ㵽˵ʲô
ʱ㱾ٶ˵ˣʣվǱһ˿˿΢ϣ˵Ҿ㣬Ϊŵˣ룬һЩǲаҪⳡ̴򵽵ףλıʿʣ¼λ
ٹıֻǴﵽĿĹߣϧǾþ˾ΪλıʿȰ˵ʱ㿴óʣµλıʿǺܰϧġ
뿴ʱ㣬˼
ɳȥа󳼴Ϣ˵ʮûΪǹɷ˾Ĵ죬Ҫλ֮ʱֱִֿȣӣӣޡ޵Ͳ
ϧĸڶʮǰɱˣίʵҲɱ
ӶԼĳޣҲûٸ顣
аǲܵˣҪŶӵĶ͵̻׳֮ʱҪȫ֮ɷ˾ɱңӻٹķϾ㵽һٹʵܰıñӣͽ߾ϵɷ˾һ£Ŀɺ
۽ܹĵظ飬εǰ˷֮ʱаִһϢ˵ʮ޸аֻһּΪĸ׺;˾һƽѩΪĸ׷ţþ˾̫ļ𹩷µı䷢ǲɢǮʮӱԶݺ⣬ط
Ľһƶѽ٣ȻҲʮǰս˥ٹ̻ˣòɸӹȥӣԴɺ顣
𵶱ֻҪܹһжҲۿɳаĳԡ۸ӽ˼ּۻۣ֮ڴаЭ顣
аЭ飬ǶǺܿһǮܷܿٹžˡ
±ԵظˣȻս⵭ҡ
ľӣӲҪϳȥ̣սӲټǱǽһĵףʤ֪
Ȼ֣ûʵж룬ôҲΪĸ׺;˾ƽѩˣõ׷Գ˿
ӦΪŵ˶㡣
ʱ㶮ô˽⽫ʿǵ˼˵öԣǲǵйߵĹߡ
ôãֱһ̣ʱڷ飬˵վӪǰԶűǵĻЦ㺣ůҸ
ˣԸȰ棬ıʱĸƻһ˸ߵغֿİ
˵Ժȥ˺⣬Ҿֻˡ
λıʿһ
ˡ뿴һױһŹٷĹԱӪʣǰӵĹԱʱҲˣһ£վû˵ǶҾ˾˲ţȥˣ̫ίˡѾӦǣ£Ǹչ£ݴһҵⱲӵѧ
ûıʿۣõĺ򼷣ʱһЦģ˺⣬㡣
ǰ˾ӪصİԱʥּʱ˽ߺּ
ֱͦͦվŲʱϽ£ȻаͷٳӣϻǵöԻʵ۱ʾһ¾η
Աּ졭
ʱ۽оӰԱּ൱ڴʵ˵ô˸߶ʱͷ죬͵ؾñİһһ׶ĵĴʹͷӿһһһѪ


79 
ʱСɵҰ
Ȼ֮, Ҹ뻹ӦʱѾѪ, ڵϡ
Ͻӵϰ뱧ʱ, ֻһ̵Ѿʱĺͱǰ, Ѫͣشʱĺ󱳺ǰӿ, ʱϢѸ˥ȥ
һ˲, Ҫ˵ĸоͺ, ּ, ɱĸ׺;˾ȫһ, ˺ôôľ, ŰѳסԼûбǶӡ
д򣡿д򣡡ɤӣʹУ·еôһЩ, ͿÿһЩ
һ, Ը, ǶױѾְ˽Űд֮ˡ
˴ŰԱķɫױڵ, еǶٹ, ſңǷԪ֮ɱѹĪʱ, ǲңּ
Ըȫ£
ּİԱҲŵ, վԭ, ֪룬ױ׽Լ׷׿޽зֱٹĴ̿ͣûϵ²Ҫԩ˰
ٹ̿ôаּģ϶һ߸Լ̸Уһ߸ٹᣬ׼ͷһתܿˡϻԸѺȥ
ܿҩ˽򵥵ز鿴һ֮óһҩιʱ˵һ䣺£лϽ˵˳Ӫʡ
Ӫ뱧ʱ㣬Сĵػʱ㡣
ʱ֪Լˣһ㲻ֻ᲻룬Լ뿪󣬻ҪһԶݺ⣬Ư
ÿһκǣ˿ڣһ׶ĵʹʹ˵룬ȥңˡ
벻֪ôסİˣʧȥʱľ޴ֻţһѹ룬侲ǣ·Կµˣ֪Ѿ޵棬ȫʧȥŰ󣺡ʱ㣡ʱ㣡Ҫ뿪ңҪ뿪ҡ㣬Ҫ뿪ҡ
ʧȥĸ֮󣬺ܾһʱ䣬֪Լøʲôֻǿűܣȥֱʱ㣬Ž¹Լ磬ҪЩ£ߵÿ˶úáʱĶ
ʱʶУ϶˵ϧҲǸҪǡܸӡͺˡˣжǸòƼǿ㣬ʵˣҲߵ÷Щ̾ϢУŶ޾ǣҺͲᣬҭһ
.
ʱСڷ̨ϣûж
ǧ磬£һ׮׮һظԺ
ְ֣ҵ𣿿ǧ羭һУôɵòְѽûҪҪԼȥˡ
лģԸϱȻ˾ͺˣΪʲôҪһȥϣӴһһԼݽȥ󣬻ĵظ½ˮ֮
군ˣǰǰٶλ½٣ûλɷܹϵôȻˣ㲻ְҵ֮ܣ
ʧܾʧܰɣԺԵʹˡؼԺ񣬿ôԣ
ϡ·𣬺񣬿ܡͨ٣ôһ㲻еҰǴѽ
ʱСɾеڷ̨ϴԼԼ½£½ˣ͵ʲô¶ûз
ʱСɾ쵶ն飬ⵥΪԵʹһ񣬲ɾûгأҲûҵ˴࣬ǾԲˡΣ˭Ȱûã
ʱСػԼĶĴһĻݲݺ͸޳
һʧ֮ˣںƯ룬û׽֮˿ⰲοŻ˼ɣꣿʮꣿ
ʱС뵽Щʱ򣬾ЩңЩۡ
һ죬˼һʱɣʮ֮ʱСɹӦѾˣƼƣ˶ɽ˾
֪ǲйԭʱСûֱȥϢãһпȥСһһģȺȲ裬֮䣬ʲô¶ûз
ȻǲǰȥҪˣΪܾã½һˣ뷨ôˣûеˡ
ֻԼ֪ʮڶǻ᲻뵽룬Ȼֽصһģͥ½ľ룬ģһ֣Ҳǰ㣬ԼԼԼĴ
ʱСɾԼҰԼΪ̫ͣԵʣ룬Ҫʱ䣬ͷ
˶ɽ˾ʱСֱɣǱԼְ뷨һ㣬ɵ⣬ȻҲûǿʱСɼȥ˼ֻʱСɱʾҪȡһĹºΪʱȻûлأҪعͥ󣬲ܸߵõ棬ⵥĹºΪ
ʱСɱԵûҪȣûʮѽʱ󿴿̣Ȼɾܾˡ˭óġ
˶ɽ˾ʱСίʵ벻ͨôûأ½ʲôأ˵ںƯ֮ʣһ֮ˣӴˣǿֵһأļżȻԣ˭֪ûֿأ
һ뵽ֿԣʱͷϲˣôһѾˣҲϲ˿ڶ
ߣô
һʱ䣬ʱСɺ뿴½ڸʲôôûеڶ
ܶɶ߱ͥ̽½ǧֻͨʱʱֲ̣ŬϽʱûͨ
˭æ
ԪɾˣʱСѡ
ΪÿμԪɾǹֵֹģ˹һ㡣棬ҶʲôߣĶ
ԪɾʱСǰǰٶλ½٣ЩǷ֮ͥ󣬾ͶøԪɾһֵֹģǵĶ
½磬ʱǣúܳ׵ģЩǻصͥʱ½Ϊ˺ܸߵۣΪԼⷬ٣ջܴˣʱÿһ񣬶˳ߵĹºΪ
дãʱСȻǵĸ飬Ҳʱ̣ΨһһĨů֧ǴԨӺڰʶãǽ֮£ģʱ̣ʱ㴫ݸǵһĨů
һΪʱСΪԵʹ½羭٣õջ͸Ѿ˵ٷ룬һ顣
ʱС˵Ǿɵúãǵ£һң֪ұȥε
ʱСͷѿɹһ飬ȥ̨СȻֻСɣ˼ҳɷʱԶӦþдͥ̽½ͨɣ
СģʱСɵ󣬶ʱ˾񣬶˵һֵʱҪһϵĶ


80 

ʵ, Ͻɲʱͨ̽½ĳ˵١
ʩȵһĳϵĶΪý飬ĳ˽С
Ȼ, ֪½ɽȥ, ͥǲöʱʱ̶̿ſû˽ˣ
ʱ˰죬óһͲҶ
ʮ̣С°׷ѹ, Ӵʱ, ˵㡣۾ϵ, ʲô
ʱʵ벻ϻʲô, ֻʮ۾޵͵ժ, øֵ, е, кСԡ
Сɹһԣʩ֮󣬺ױɹ, 벻, ôе, ô£
ϵԽУԽʩɹ, , ţӵľҲһܳɹ
ʱ㲻ԣкһ, 鿴½ڷ¡
ôڴ̣ʱ㿴һǳս, ڽŲҵ˺ɱ, һ¾ɵףָӹǣ
벻ӦȥôָŽʿǹǣʱ㲻ŵСɣûпڹǣ
Сһƿʱ㣬еۣҪԼ˵ڹǡ٣쿴쿴½磬Ҳôݣ׿ҵСİ
ʵ䣬һϲºʾˣºɣֳļƭˡ
вǹвͷɱ׹
һ⣬Ӳؾܾˣͥϵĸ֮
ˣɣܰѡòĲǺö
ԽǵòұԽϲ½磬ԹԵĸ֮УջһԵܡ
СɾһСԵܣʱؿڣ󷢻գĴֿⲻޱ߷ݣһõ׺սۡ
ʱǰסʮꣿʱ㴩ʱͦģŴʮ꣬벻ƶѡ
ѵĴôѣһ׵ǮûУǿµĽһʵףӦòûǮɣ
ţʱˣ봩ףʮ겻ûǮڻ
⣬ʱ¼Ϊصһ𣬸ţ֪û»ûеڶûȥ⣬ʮڸʲô
ʱÿĺСɽʱݡСһʩһ˵ʱ㣬֪֪жɶĽأȥ½ɽ٣䣬Ƕ٣˵½磬ٻһ֮ͷҲá
ʱ㣺ÿһ½˶ɽ٣˵Ǽѵһû½Ʊɡ
ʩ֮½ʱܿݵĪʱһ̡
뱧ʱʬޣ޵һСӣίֱӪصıǶûгǾǵĴ޺һҹ
·ÿ޺ʲ죬ѾòˣԶݺ⣬ΪʲôϷŹҪеú᣿
һޱҹ
գټб䣬ֵնɱ˰Ǹ̿͵ϣԲ˻ȻѪΪģҪΪĪʱ㱨ֻҪһڣҪѰ
˱ѡ񣬿ŰǲɢǮ뿪ҲǵĽ
ʱ̸ϰӣ̰ۿ˿۳ɷľӪʱĲ̰ۣǶԱİϧңĪ佫ңӪĪʱĸĪӸսɳĪ²㽫кܸߵ󲿷ֱͽ
ǣ뿪ʮɱսʱ򣬽Ҵıʿ˼ãټ뱾ƺǸߣгԶ׿ʶܹıմ֣ҲжϤһıƵ˼ܹʱΣطкؽͲԣ£ģµİչ
ӿʼСڰַΧмһȴչ׳ʱĵ꣬˰ǶǿٹӼѵս
˶Ϊ˳µصǻΪʵۣⱾʼȻƵǳƵˣȴΪۣ˰ţ¶ΪĪǷǳӵġͷ硹뱻˳Ϊۡ
ǻ֮󣬽űǷ䡣¡زѹĪʱΪֺš䡹
˻ʵۣճ̣˵ģٷϴ˵ǻǽѡ㡣۵͢ŭˤԴ󳼵ϣ˵Ⱳֻһ󣬲ˣ˭ٽԿ˭
Ȼѡ㣬׶ӣǾֻйһ;ǹѪԵĺӵܣǰǣ׷װԼҵĶӾ׳ϣܳΪӣȷһǱ߸ˡ
ȻͬˤڴϣŭɺǸøɵ£еǰٷϴˣж²ǲģҪ޵˽£֮£˭ٸͿ˭ӴԺûд󳼸֮¡
Ȼܶģһź෴۵Ӻܱ˭ûкɫϵ׽ıʿ⣬һ·ȫ綼Ƿġ
һϢһָٹ꽻սĪԽս൱һʱơ
ڷ۵ͼ֮£ͷ꣬Ҳʱĵڰ꣬ĪǿƣĪתΪƣʼɰһһٹ
ڣʱͺģĪһս
ÿս£սָӣԳɱȰ۱壬ֹӵأɽǳսС
ֻ˵һ仰ɼˣ
Сһʱ㣬һ׬ˣҪңжһ롭ֻҪһɵĺãҲģ
ʱߴٵ죬档Ʒ˰ĪΪۣȥ񴺷⡣
֪Ĺ¿尾ûһǿģȫһΪ־֧ţ֪ôˡ
滹û£ˡɡСɶܿ̽½ٵľʮ㣬˸ƣóɹɵ㣬һ׷硹ӣ׼عһԼĿе
ʱݸ̲ͬ̿һۿף½һʱֻܿѾڷ£ûз£޷Ԥ֪
ǣʱСһ𣬻ʱ䣬ͣزٹͳǳأĪĽԽԽ󣬹ԽԽǿ
ٹԪۿסˣĪͷͣԸǷֻһźųʹں
Сĸ֣˼ѪƵģʱ֣еۣ䣡ʱ㣬׬ˣ
Ԫ֪ҪΪĪʱ㱨ֻܲݣսеԽӲҿᡣ
ͷʮһ꣬ʱĵʮ꣬ڹǡ
֮ʱԪ֮ʱҾ֮Уٹʹ˸
˰ͳһ˴þ棬˶緢۵ʼಡ齡ǶΪ֮֮ǰΪͳһ̫֮ʣΪԻת
Թ۵ʱСȴ֪˳Ըˣǣң˵ˡ


81 
Ψֵ
Сɶҿ, ܰɣ忴ȥͦõġ
һ꣬ۼݱ, ѻλ嵷, ҪǼ¾ɵ׷Ž餣ᡣ
½, ܻܿعͥʱСɵƸ̨Сɲ, ʱƷܡ
ų̂, ԶԶ, ʱ㿴Ѿӷ̨, Ѿģ, ظӡ
ʱ㱾Ļ˵, һӣȻ˹Ļ˵ˡ
½£½, , ½ϲ, ôأͥûаϵΪ̫, ŻֲʵʵҰ
һ, ҴҸȥ̨һͥŲ·̨˱ڷ̨·, Ŀ, Լ, Ŭ֪Է˼
ż׷ĺСɿһĻ۹ȥܾʲô
̨ͥĽͨҪܶ½ɣҪ̨ͨͥÿɰǧ꣬Ҳе֤Բ˷ͥ
ˣʱڷ̨Ͼþ̨֮콫òѣλǷ̨ʲô뵽һ˵Ҫɵ·
ʱСγѣȻ񲢷룬ӵĻ˵Ǵ⣬Ͻתͷһ̫֮ˣεýֺͷٳһС
뼱æȥ±ȥʱǰ棬ͷסʱ㣬Цӯӯʣʱ㣬ӭҹģ
ôһᣬʱ㵹ˣǰЭٶλ٣֮ʣʱ̨ӭ࣬һЩ֪ʲôҩιʱԣ˵ṉ̀Ԫд档
붼̨͵ʱűˣʱϽ˳¿ЦأѵҲӭعͥһ졣
˱粢ļƣĬسʱȥѸĺСɿͷɻ󣬵Ҳüٸȥˣ˼ȥķ򣬳˼òһϷҪ˰ɣ
صʱĶʱݲ裬Ŀ޹˼ɵ׷ʱӰʱˡ
һʱݵʮ̣һ̾ణݵĲúȡ
ʱ˲裬бϣһޱɫǧƸ꣬ʳ֮Ҳôбϣһ§ɢϡ
֪䣬ʱְΪһ̸ˣȰ˶ˣȥԸң𣿷Ҫұ𣬸Լûһαأֵá
㣬ֵá
ҶûҪұⲻǶһ٣
ѵõһϵЦݣֱʱ㣺㲻뱨£Ҫ㱨Ϊҵġ˲ֵã˼䲻ֵãֵãΨһֵã
ԭԼĿУλ˳ߣʱţЩжţ˵⻰ģǧ룿ͥ
ƺ񡭡һҲû½£½ˡ½͸ͥң뿴񣬸ٶһŹӣ
ʱ鸴ӵ÷ֲ壬֪ǸοԼͷһͷȣǸóû٣񻹳½ʱһθ飬½緢չͥߣӦ˾һЩҪԼ˿ӡ
ʱģԽԽңֻô⣬ɫˣǶˣ˵½ˡ½磬û㣬ǲʧˣ
㡣
ôܲأʱ㻹ǺְҵµģһɣûˣԼݽȥˣʧʲô
˵Ͳ㡣ȹ죬Ҵһ֮ͥ£ȥɽ˾ʽˡ˿ڲ裬ָ۵Цʵʱ㣬½һΣỹǧ𣿡
ûһΣʱϵزˡ
˵½һΡ
ʱϵûһΣеѳֲˣҪһΣóݣΪͥЦ
ʱζȻܾ۵ЦԵԽԽ٣ٺ˿̾վƮȥ
ȥıӰʱ޶˶˵Ѻȥĳ飬һѪ۰ͣһƮƮɷǣʱȴϣܵͬľʧ䣬Ȼ
һʱ䣬ʱе㲻ϦϦˣе롣
Ӧͣףڴؿʱ㣬չһģ޺ֲۣĲЦݡ
ĹӣʱⷴпܣڴϵЦݣҲͬһ㣬ֱʱĻдǴĶ㺲˹һʱȥǰ֮ˣ룬ɷ˵ҪһСЩô硣ϣôµԣ
ǡЦһתͷˡ
ʱ㻳Լ˴ȥƲδı䣬ȴ޶˶˾Ļ֮󣬶ʱɻ
ʱյɽ˾תĹºΪ֤ʧܵٽ˳ɹȷϣʱΪµ˾ˣԺٲȥԵʹˣǸǲʵֵġ
ʱԼС޸Լ֮ʱɵϵۣʱСɵ޽Ϊ¡
һԣ޽£Ҫɵϱ࣬Ҫ̫ߣͥͨʮλĵ޽¾һ£˵Ҫɵͬ⣬ܵǰ֪һ
ݵ౾ɵ׼ʱСɵ޽£˵ǳɵ۵ӡ
£һƵģ˲ˣܶϢը˹
ըɷΪ࣬һ࣬ҪԸˣǲͥĸ֮Ȼ˵޽£̫߸ĿĸˣǾòţɴšϢġ֮뷨ȥ̽ͷ̽ԣϢ
СɾеһܸӣΪ½ôԴʱСɵģֱؾãϢġ
ƣƣʱС½һ٣ܰѸ֣֮׬ˣ׬ˣ׬ʧȥ
ͬʱСɺڵԭȥ뵱ɾչͻƣΪʲôȥѽҪȥ˰࣬ˣԽԽ
Һãкܶ˲֪ĻһԵмҷҪᣬܲܽ˾Ĵְ
Сֻã󺰴С
һ࣬ЩʱСɣ۾ӵɣٶȣ׷ɵ۵౾ݴͬС죬Ҳɵ׼ԼʱСɵ޽¡
ɵµƽʱ䣬ˣ·˲гͷ֡
ɵۿԴԴϵİٸ౾Լɰǰѵļֻͷ綷
ʵɵ۷ŷСˣͦȫǰĺµģȴû뵽Ȼðİٸɣ¡
ؼǣҲ˻˻ˣ಻ʮˣһµ
ΣðİٸѽҲ̫ˣŵ÷ɵ۶š
ɵ۽һʵʱСɣҲ


3
¯޲


82 һȵڴˣ
ߣۣ
ʱСɵܼ, Ѿһǧˡǰһɶ¶ϸɣֺУСɡ
ǧǰ, ɾ, ΪԵʹǰǰ, ٶλ½٣ʱСɵһ
ЩϱʱСɽİٸ, ȫʱСɵ
ǰ, ʱСɴӴԵʹְλְ, Ŀǰһɢɡ
ǸʡĵСɡɵ۰룺, ǳôǷ, İٸɲ, Ž֪½֣ԵǻعˣΪԣ
˲, Բ, ֻܰ
ɵ۷ԸʱС½繤̶, Ҫһ
һ˵ɵҪԲ鿴ʱС½繤̣ŵˢһ, ɫò԰סЩ, ¼ʱС½ΪҲ¼ÿһζʱСɸ½磬ʩ, άʱСɵʵ
ÿһθ½綼ܵ˾ĳͷ, һﲻ, Щ̵ݵɵǰ벢޴󰭡
ٶθ½磬ɵٹ̣ɴˡ
ɵɲòǰһȥ͹ڵأڳС
ɵ۵ƳһɣᣬȻɵ۷ǿһĶãٶ̣ҲܿһЩʱ򣬿ˣһأʶЩ̣иĶ
ҲʶصСɲҡҪǸҸĶ̣һǰ½Ĩˡ
ɵ۴ĹʧԺ飬¡
̣ˣɵ˵½ٵḶ́޶ˡ޾ͲˣʱСɲǰҪΪηŲ·½ĸ飬޽£
ɵһ⻰İٸɶʱ׷׽Լ½֮ʱʱСɷЩ£нĭɣüɫ裬С
֮½ʱʱСһȣʱСɵǸǲʱĿгζ
ЩǰϢԵǣİٸ½ٵĹ£ֻô۽磬²عעĽչʱСɸ˭ǶνֻҪǸУ
ôһĹЩԵѾ໥һԮᡣĺԮᶼ֧żͬԮ׼ϺȵģҪά֮Ĵ͸䣬Բܱ˲ߢȥ˭У
ɵۿ򾲾վ֮ǰ񣬶һɵ콫ȥʱСϵ
ʱû뵽뾹ȻȥɵϱԼû뵽ǣͳٶ٣İٸ
̫ˣʱûͷֻúЦ
ˣʱСǳǳЦ֮ʱ̹̬µķˣúöûмʱСɵɷ̾ణǣûװСģͦջģֲԵôء
һߵһмطЩԵǷǳɣʱСӮǴ۵ϲľòЩ޵Ķ
ʱСɼ֮ɵΪʵʱ㣬Щɶ޽£ʲô뷨
ʱ㻹û̬ЩѾһѷΧʱ㣬еʱ㡭С㡭㡭СʱʱʱиǳƣԳȿֺԼʱĸ顣
ɵļʽƺ붯˵ƣʱһˣܿЩɵΧ½£½ˣλѵ֪Ҹ½ʶΪǶԵʹ½ȥЭǶɽ٣ǷϵľΪɹ˭һȣ
ɱʱСôһЩйʱжٲ¹ɽ˺ģգʱ㶼˸ǵθ飬תͶ»
ϲʱ㣬ʱģǶθ飬ʱ½ʱ̣ǵů͹
ʱȻǶ½ǶθвᣬǰԵԧ¡
Ҫǣϣ⿴ƷʵĮ磬ů͹ˣԼߡ
ʱһȣ½磬ûȲȵ£ʱöƣûһʱ
ʱ˵꣬Щǣȥ½ûôҵ䣬ǰ˭͸˭ȥ֮
ȵȡһڶ׿Ȼ󣬷廪ȴǴһߣܾûж
ֻ첽ߵʱǰסȥ·˵һȵڴˣʱ㣬ɵۺɵ棬Ըҵ޽£
ʱɻûӦһԹ۵ԵѾͬ⣡ǴҵģݲȾָ˭ҪȾָǾ͸˭ƴ
һ֮ҲЦҪɣ˼ʱСɶԺۣ½Ҹ㣬һȣ˰ɣ
С˴дУ֤֤һȣһȣҶ֮УֻкСߵļע⵽ĺУϽ飺ˣô֪ûһȣԱһԣֵðһǡ
м½Уٹ̵ɣԪɾˣŭգɵ۸״˵Լ½֮ʱָԤΪıԼ٣ɵ
Ԫɾع֮ͥȻԼ½ٵ̣֪϶λǾ
֪һóֵˡ롣
ع֮ͥԪɾһһػ˼ǧ緢һ¼ټ½磬ܵ˾ĳͷױƶϳʱǸС汻ˣ룬Υ½ʱ
ѡĸˣ븴֮һУǲӦ÷ˡ
ûֹ϶ָСסʱ㣬Ȼǿʱ㡣
ûæţʱϵ޷Ͳڽߡ

ûһţôʱС½ʱͻܹᷢϵ
˵ص磬ܸʱСɽﻹֵõٶɸˣ
Ԫɾǧ꣬ڱһ״浽ɵǰ
һʱ䣬ϳ֣ɵ۸֮ϣŵɣͨÿ˵ĻȴҶ˵ʹ۵㣬ֻϵص֮ʱһָͷɱоͷһ㤣ȻȻ
ɵ˵ʱСɣ޽£Σ
ԱߵɸϽе£ҲʱСɽ
ǣɵߣղʱСѾ׿ھܾǣȲǿ󡣡
ɵ۽ԣƮƮһ仰İٸɶʱСɵҰϤ֡
ѡֻʣһλɰĿⶼۼʱСϣֻһ仰
ҡСɲδ뷨һ±ôעţʱе顣ϣⵥ֮ЩҰ
ʱСɲûȥʵҰ׳־


83 
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ʱС̤֮·ʼ, ͲһǿƵˡʱƣ˳ƶΪ
ͥһżСɡ
ͥ, еλ, ʵ󻹸һȺ׷һԵ, ŶҲԳ֮Ϊɡϯκһۻ, һĴڡ
һλ, ʱ֪Լǲ, ǲһɡ
ϲһ, Լ, ҪԷ֪, Ҳûжѹ
ϲ֮䣬ǵһľ룬ʱûԽǵġˣ̬֮, ʱС׼ƹȥ, 뿪Ƿ֮ء
ʱ,źһٴʱǰڿʼ, һ, 룬һ㣬һֱ, 㴥ֿɼĵط㡣ֻǡҪǧ, ľ
, 󰧺ǵһǱʱСɹƻˣԻͷˣʱСΪȻϵԽԽչ뵹ȥˣ
ˣǵĸ֮ȫʱСӸջסˣôǵѽ
ɵ۶Ѿͺܾˣֱֿ֣Щ²ɵɻһƣߵһλɿںȳסڣɵ°칫ĵطݶȷ֣콫
콫Ȼش𣺡ڣ
˵ڵϳ֣£ȥ˾ͽ롣

һ˲䣬ֽˣڻָׯϺͰ
ɵǺɫؿ˵᲻˭˽£޹أȲȡָ֣ǿиԤڶĽķϣǰʧ֮٣޲׷¡
ֻ˳ǲûоʹ뿪ǵڵǰµսͬʱҲ˼ôֹ
ʱСɹƻһͷ˽ȥһķ䲻ȢӣԴȰ衣ǾֻдʱСǱ֡
ֻҪʱСɵʵݣڳʱСзǵɹƭݶײС֮ĺϣֻҪ֤ʱСǸʮ⣬ĵĺɣǾܸͷȣˮ֮У
ԮǸɴһֹҪʱСٵԵ񣬻Ҫǰ֮ҪǸ׳죡
СɴչһصصĻṩǡҪҽɨ̨ĳͷ
ڣɵʵʱСɣٸһλᣬ޽£Σ㲻ú£˵Ի
֪Сû
ɵ۷ɿƳһۣһɫ·˵ֵܣûаѽʵΪѽ
ʱСɣЩɸоһԼ²ɣҲûɣҶûɣлᡭ
ʱСҪ˳ɵֻڵ޸ղſʱСɵ½̣޷Сһ
ɵΪʱСδöĻԵѽǶ˶
ʱСɣҲȥԼˡɵɨһ۵ڶɣ˵˵޲ǻᣬʱСɵ٣ֻҪԸ⣬½ȥ١Ϊʾʣ˴٣Ԥ̣½֮ɷӡ˭ڴ˴ӮʱСɵģ˭ԳΪĵ¡
⻰ɿʱСɵĹһ±øֱˣǹӺҪתʵһ㡣
ʱСɿɳ񣬰һĵѽһҪٸǵѶȣһ޳
ʹʱСɲòɵģ£СΪǳ»ûٵʱ
޵ѵ
ʱϽģСɣСɾһշµµԵСɣܲôɾͬٵջسŲҪΪٸ׷
٣Ƿ٣˽
Σʱֻʵʵ°㿴ǣɾɣͬΪССǵΪҲСɸߣС٣ðСɳԵʣ¸Сѽ
ɵ۱ʱС⻰Цˣ½ֲΪҪסģٶ࣬кοµģ
ʱ㻹վһ븩ʱ㣬˵½֮һҡǵЦĶһ±ȶʱһģ񡭡񡭡ǧһ
ʱع֮Ծɻǧȫ顣ֻģ
ǧ磬ǹ¹µһˣĸ游˾ЩѪ֮⣬󣬻һ˿ȫȫ̶ܳѪס
ɱ֮˼ֲиػʮʱ䣬ң£ûб˸׵ˡ
.
һδ֪硣
ŷǿʳǶթȡᣬΨͼǡ֮һɥŤ硣
ʮ꣬ׯ뾭һսʤǿڰɱĸ׵ĳɱԼҲǿ֮ĩĵز˺ܶദˣݽߣ̱ڵϣһ붯
ǣڲϢʱ˭֪ĳûкԮ˭֪ʱ᲻˴ɾȻ׾ͿɱӶǸ˵Դ
ޱƶ񤣬Դѷϡ磬еԴġɱǸˣһΪĸ׵ܰڶԳ˵սУ൱ʵʹиʤ㣻Ǹ˵Դ
ĸͷʼգûԺľԴԴ
Ŭ̧ص֣ԼȽŰɴƣҪָһЩȡǸ˵Դ뿪ΣյطȻҸΰȫĵطٺúˣú
ׯоԼ˾ţ֮ͷۻüζڰں˴ơ
׼ʼ֮ʱȻ䡸۵һһԶֱֱϣҵػһᵹڵأ³һѪ
ׯֻһ̱ڵϴûлиʵģ
һˣ޷ׯŵһ£³һѪĵˣһ֮ˣĸʿòո
ԼãٺҲûãׯ˲װ֮⣬ʲôҲɲˡ
ȻׯоѹԼϵ˶ˣһԼŲ˿ȥһǸĿ˵Ǹˣһʱûסˡѹ㣿㻹ðɣ
ׯ⣬ܹϵôҲܹʿˣһʿΪ̫ˣȻûˣҲӲӾˡ
ƿ֮󣬹һ֧ׯ̱ڵϣѪһ
ʱΪԼѶԷѹˣϽóһҩַׯ죬ι˽ȥο꣬£һЩƤˣ£ҩһȬ


84 
ϵ¸ʱ
ܹʹ˿ڿȬĵҩô, ˭øһİ˳ԣ
ׯΪѰģָιʲôһûнúܿҪˡ
˭֪ǵҩ, ͸Ũ䣵, 壬ݽߵĵ
ߺ, װһҪ˵ģɿ, ѵɷ, Ա⡣
Դ̤֮·, Ϊһ˹
, , һ־úصĸо, ǰȵˮÿٿѣڲܺȱʹʹϴ裬ô
ׯһ˹, һ߲², ϵ, ǲˤӣˤɵˣôĵҩ, жѽ, Ȼιԣ
Ϊҩ棬ׯ˹˳ָܿ, һյĹ, ѾʹԼķˡ
, ڶԷһʿ̫ˣ֣ԾɺߺڵŤŤȥչʾԼ״̬ܲá
ŤУ͵͵ȥϵɵӣһʮҵķʵꡣ
ׯͷԴ£ᣬˣʲ֪жá
˵ɫ԰ףް㲣ϿˣȴһʱҪӡ
ŤŤȥʱسŵǺǱĶй˵Ŵݵķˡ
ׯⱲӴûмôÿˡÿÿÿǿʳ磬ƨöûУĲѪʵô
š˵֪꣬ʲô磿
ѽʲôʲô硹ׯȫûʲô
ŶЩǸȻһЦǴ˵ҲǣΪôͣ˵ΪܴﵽԽĵز۽綼ûпس
һЦʵ֪꣬˵Ũ˼صˣҪŨܿٻָһмͬ飬ڸħսѾ˽ҪͷҪҸϿƺ˻ȥս
УŶһ˵ô꾡
ׯȴ룺Ȼ֮¸ңˤɵ˰ɡ˺أţҵĻᡣ´ˣԴռΪУ˵֧
Ϊ̫ߣˣԼҲ޷֮գһ֮ˣұȥƶ֮ƶˣұܼıˡ
⣬ׯĥĥ˵Լ֪һɽȣֻԼ̫أ߲
ֱׯϣׯ밵Ҫ㣬ĵôֲɵˣ
ʵ̫ˣׯ֪ҪҲ޷ʩ
ȻǸڴ֮󣬲û˵ʲôͳһҩݸׯ롣
ָһҩɶ˼ѵûвԼ״ɵˣ
ǣô˵ôĵҩׯòԣ½ӹιʡˣҪȥ
ͬʱׯ밵룺һҩһҩͣ׼Ǹˤӣͷˡ
ȻׯܿоԾˣֻ̫ˣڵ۳ɺ̶̵ĺˮشܽ磬һһسˢľ磬ֻоʱҪѿһ㡣
ׯ󾪣ôᷢ˵֪֪꣬ʲô̰áҪʿɶֹҪô̰
ׯף֪ԼѾָָԼһҩɵǹģе㺦ң
𵭵ѾްˣȴҪװصӣƭһҩҪұԸˣô˵Һأ
˶ԻļϢׯֻԼ˶Ҫըһ㣬Ҵˣ㣬ȾңҪըˣ
ׯ벢ûбκεþȵϣ磬ΨͼȲˣı׼ǣ˵õĺô࣬ǲȵõĺôࡣ
Ȼһγׯϣ֣ׯھؿ˾磬չ˵ʹׯ弫޵õɡ
ׯϣϲط֣ҽˣףʿףһ˽ס
𵭵ЦϲڿԴȥŨ֮𣿡
ׯ뵹ҪѣȥǸ˵ԴȫսɽԼĴ
վһߣؿšֱׯ붯ȥ˵·ʱ˵Ϊܵø档
ׯ˵ɱĸʱҲĸеԴҸ棬ʱ˭ܸ·
û˵ֻǵׯѳ˵ԴսˣΪ˻ʬ𼣣˸ӣ׼֮ʱһ֣ʬһ·
ׯһ۾ڷŹ⣺ʬϵ·Ҳһ£һԼӳϰõöķ£
Ҫǰôõķ͸ңҿ϶氡˵ɵɵѽ
Ȼ˼˵棬ܲõ濪ǣֻһ߲ˣһ´ݺݼסطպڳ
ׯ䡣
ֻԭ򣬵һʿĵطȥ˶ӣҲ򱻱˶ϣڶĵطȥҪòˣϵ˷
䣬Ϊ˸·ϧķԼʣķׯС
˼Ȼһ·ͬУٲҲģ˴ͨׯ֪Žʱ㣬һλϣ겻ãѾˡ
Ǹʲô磿ׯ뻳ǲԼΪ۽綼̫ˣû˵Сô硣
Ϊ룬ҲΪԶԷʮһ۵ӣʵҴܽʱôңְҽף׸ңҪã
ʱƳׯһۣӱǿﴵ׸أ
Ȼ׸磬ׯѾǵñɱĸ磬ʲôģˣֻǵãΪȥ治ɫĲصص˺ܾˣˡʱ磬Ҹ磬òá
ʱûÿɷׯһԸĬ϶Էͬˣʱ糤ʱ̵ؽпˡ
ׯϵʱ磬ϾߵԪ棬Ҳ֪Ǹʲô磬Ҫ˻ó˵һǧˡΪΪͻ䳤ԽõˣȻΪ͸ߣ֮Ȼ
һ硣
ׯʵʲôǷʶû˵
ʱ򵥸һ£Ϊ˺ܸߵľ磬ĵƿǰʱգһռ䣬һµС
ׯ̧ͷ죬ĿҲֻܿƣһϴգôҲ޷Ǽ߼Զĵطһء
̽ʣʱǴһռģ
ʱ˵ţұҪȥһˣ;⵽ʱҷľһûպã͵ˡ


85 
ô
ʱĻǰ˵һ, ׯǲţɵɵģƭúܡ
ͳҩ, ܰѼϺõķø˹, ɼҲƣǸɵ洫, ߻ħټһˤ, ɵˡ߻ħ, Ҳ͵ͨΪʲôˡ
ؼ, һ·, ׯλʱ翴ȥһɫ԰, Ϣ΢, ʱᵹ¶ӡ
ʱһֱӣûкתƺҲûж񻯡ⲻׯе㲻תƺüˣôûѽ, ҿ, Ϻü졣
, ϡ٣ƶĵطû, ܴʱɵת
ׯ밵Էʱ, ʱ˵ֻ꣬Ҫʧˡ
ʱ˵ʲôׯûȴĪĻš
ʱ񵭵ЦѾ˺üط, ȥŨ֮, ָҵ, ȫƶ֮ôҵʱ䣬ǲ֮󣬺õõϵԴ
Ȼ֮䣬˽Լģׯ󾪣̶壬ʶԶһ㣬ȴ룬վʱķɽϣôһˣʱ̤գһԴУӼٷеİյȥĵˣˤȥֻˤɵˣˤȥ̡
ȻׯΪԼҪˤ⽴֮ʣоһůĻȴʱٸ£֮ʱס
ţΧһľ
ϵ
ҿˣҿˣǸȵۿҪͷأԴǸʹģһ³걧סˣþѽŵĶˣ
ѽǸʿúᰡ
ǲʦͽѽ
ҵҵ̯ˣȻ޲ʿ⣡

ǵһĴеʱ̬ذׯһΧΧ۵Ⱥͷʾ⣬һׯӴݵﳤȥ
ȵ뿪Щ֮˵ߣʱ̧ŽһҲᡣׯ뱻ʱһڽԼģսսʱɵƺûע⵽Լ뿪
룬û߼㡸ۡһ£ײʲô֮ϣײðǣһ
ȥûǰʲôȥһǽʵĶǰ֮ڶӲȻײͷѪ
ǰŸӲܽʵ֮һǽһĶʲôׯδš
ҪϽۡһײˡ
ٻײϣԹ֮ׯȷˣֻûεǽׯ֪ضǸʱɵʩչķĪûעԼֹܡ
Σֻתͷʱɵӽ˲ᡣȲС˲ˮģϽʱģСģŻеͷʱ䣬Сʹȥ֮أСһСΪǳҲûʲôöָͷ©һǰ㣬СҶСĿԸ˼ߣΪΪū̷˼һӡ
תתúܿ죬ԼļȻԷʶˣǾ͸ıԣڶԷߣԷ©ԴҲ׬ˡ
⼸죬ԵҩöԷף;ָһ£һףͶԷΪΪūҲѪ׬
˵ˣͶһʵǿӣºóԺ磬šʱ񡹼ūͷʿҲôȿ治ǣ
ʱ񵭵غȲ裬ָͷӣ˵㲻ҵôزʱˣ
ׯе㲻ԼĶ䣬ϲ״Σ񡭡ʱ磬˼һСֵܣСķǶ޷˼ҵ֪֮ǣֵ֮顣СķģҪ׷ʱߣǰ󡭡
ʱ㵭ЦŴϵȲɡׯ˼ڲ裬ƽϢ˵ǲǺܸˣϲ⣿
ţ
úüסʱ顣
Ϊʲô
ʲôʱܰʱݻϲ鴫ݸˣͿԷˡ
ôףôʲôôȻʱ㽲ίʵ̫ˣȫ޷⡣
ֻʱû˵˳˼
ׯźȲĶ͵۴ʱ񣬼صԹԳ˼š
ȻȻЩ԰׻ް̬ήңԼ˵ׯ濴
ɵüˣˣΪʲôûأҲûаƶ񻯵ļׯ붼е㻳ɣɵӵûѽ
ʱڲһˣҹţŰ˳ȥ
أʱûٽׯ·ɽׯ뾶Էеһطڸ߿ͣ¡
ˤһΣȻɵܵܣҲʵرסʱֻ֫ʱ˶ǳȴֲ޹ǣ̸գڻǳ
ʱţȻͣϽʣʱ磬ôˣòǷľ˰ɣ
棬Ǵ˷ǬԪڡվǵĻɽ֮ϡ
ׯ뵹˵ǬԪڣҰɢɣȥţֻһ
ʱֻ˵ҪŨ˷統ǬԪڵǬԪɽΪȻ̾һһƶ磬ǬԪɽҲѷýð
ˣҪռRƴǴ˷ѷƶԣֱ籭ˮнȫ𲻵ðôѽ
ׯڶȴͷģʱ磬㲻Ǹմżôʲô
ɣ˵ʲôռģš߻ħӻˣȻô֪ǬԪڣô֪ǬԪɽ֮أ
ʱƺµͷ룬˵ѽ̫ˡ˵ʶ
˵꾳ͿʶˡҲʮסÿʮף֮ϣȻ꾳꾳Զ
ʱ㣬͵ʶڿţΪԽߣʶֵķΧԽ磬ʶţַԲķΧϷɹ԰۵ףǵĶԻǬԪڣ·Ρ
ͷƣ£Լȥɼ˲ҵ֮ˣʲôҪҴ·Գˣ
ʱ˵·ǲ˷κεľ𣬱˾뿪
ʱ磬Ҵ·Ҳ𣿡
һ˲𣬺͸һе𣬲ԶǡǣĻ̥ҴܣܿˣòųʶԼԴ˷̽˽⡣
ʱ㳤̾һ̽˴˷֮
˷һڻռȻģδʶĺ硣Ϊ˷类һռʱΪʱЮУȴǽȥ


86 
ռɽΪ
ҪӴ˷ȥ, ʱ˵Ҳѣǰմ˷Ĺ, ·һ, ףƿռĿռ, Ӵˣ˷Ͳǻռ, ʱղ, Ϊڶǧ, Сǧеһ
, , , ʱսˣľ˷磬ǡǡǸϡƶ, ôϡƺ, ط, ûѵˮʯĹ򣬼ٵ, Ѽʮ, 궼пܡ
ؼؼ, ʱĸ궼û, Щս, ȥսĻ飬ôĵ
Ѽ꣬ʮ꣬ƿ˷ȥʱսѾˣȱսⳡħ֮ʲôʱ㲻
ʱ˵ʲôҲȥŪһ߻ħջӵɵ˵ĻбҪȥоȥ⣬ȥ
ذ嶼ʱ㱳ϣʵʱ磬ͣʲô
ȥռɽΪ
㶲ŷӦŵطʣҪµһǬԪڵĵϣǵɽͷ
ͼƾһ֮սǿţׯʱɵ裬ô˷뷨أ
˵㲻㲻Ƿľ𣿾״̬㻹Ҫǿţǲǻˣ
һȥ˵սǬԪڵʿǣɽ󣬾װǽɱˣۼ
ɵᣬеȥȥ˺ȴʶرøˣڼʮɵĸ߿У־͵ˤˤȥ
ʱ˵ãȥ˼ҵĻɽ󣬾͸һѰ
˵ȥ˵ȥһׯУҲҪȥҪȥǣϷ죬Χƶ߷ɿӹѾԼٶ׹ȥ
ս˷磬ǿķͨˣֻñ졣ʱƺߵɵӷһЦЦһҪȥһŲҪȥСƵġֻﰵӣҪǻܻţһԶԶġԴҪ
ţоʱϴһů⣬ʱϷһ㵭͵Ḷ́ȰסԼŰҲϸϸܵذ
ڹõ˲䣬ײ˻ɽ
۾һ˲䱻ҫǿ̼Ϲˣɵñ۾һһըڶըը죬ţ㽥ʲôˡ
뱻ǿը״̼ŵãֻܱ۾Ŷرסʱ㣬һ޹һҪض֪䣬Ѿ֪ͣŵòҺ޷֮ҪˣޱԹɵӣ
Ȼ˾Ķǵ̣ܿȥˣĶĿäһʱ֮䣬޷⣬ֻоµķɽƽȣңܺˡ
ÿһڿޱ£棬̩ͨеĵǣ˶Ŀä֮⣬岢״ʹжûСʵǽˣ
šʱԵõģȻʲôɽסһλ񣬴Сһ׮
Ķ仹ţûʱĻش𣬵Ⲣ²жϣʱ磬ǴˣţޱȿģоԼͶһλʵǿĴУлֵܣүϹ˹ۣײȴˣ
ۣʱ磬ŶûмʿˣֻǸԪ涼Ҫʱʰ·硣ſھһάȫƬ֮ǰ˼ҡ
ʱ㾶Դ룬ͣǬԪɽɽһ֮ǰĹ㳡ϡ
ֻǬԪڵɿشӸ˴㳡۶ܿΧסЩ˵оȻʾǬԪǸŹϽƽѵгɵĴš
ʱסֱۣᣬ֣˴ӷɽ
ĶĿäûлָûпǰأ˸߲ҵؼƻţߣȥǬԪڵɨɾţռǬԪڵĵطԴǿɣͽӴˣȡǬԪڣΪһһš
˵˵ţĶĿäָȥʣ۶ӰӰ´µӰԶľ룬ܸоǵɱ
Ȼס죬ܵʱһǱΧˣʣΧǵģ϶ǬԪڵӡ
š
Ļһðôұ죿ôǬԪڵӵ棬˵Ҫǣպʱֻ̣ʣһﻹл·ʱôʱһ
ʱԾģ˵ﻰһţȻҪ˵
ģﻰ֪ԼＸҷµһţ˵ЩΪֺ˼ѾΧˣųݻԵ޹ʣһŵĳޣǿ
ʱһЩͣȥɷǣΪߵʱǰԶ֮վߺˣڻɽΪ˵ơ
ʱȳΧǵǬԪһҾ˵𷨺ʱ㣬һλҵСֵׯ롣ҶˣͶЧǬԪڣɡ
ʲôʲôɵϷų׳˵ҪռɽΪôһµأͱͶЧˣֱԼģػԼĶ仹ûָ
ǬԪڵĵӿʱƻ˻ɽֱŵλãһٴС
ʱ˵ͶЧǵģͷʱһֽ׷ָʱ㲻涨
ȻͶЧģӦðͶɽȴˣƻɽֱӴ׷׽ʱ⳥ǵʧ
ȵݵָһͨòˣǸ߲ŵ߿ˣͶЧиͶЧӣڻɽ󣬰ΪС޸ɽ󣬷򣬱ڱҪѶд˴
һǬԪڵĵӶʱţȫ䱸Ϊ⻤ɽźϰ˴֮ѪŲóɹѣԷһһ꣬һˣ޸˵ھܾ˶Է˵ͶЧ
ʱͷһǸ˸ĻɽЦʲôɽҲֵ޸㲼һ󷨣Ҳǿɨһߣ˵ԼĽۣ󣬲ҲաŶˣ˭
߲һߴһλǬԪڵȳĹȹʱһŪ˻ɽ֪ʵǿһ֮Ų¶档
ϥһҪ£ʱһץסҪȴʱʹͷȥңҪҪѽ
Ŷ߾Ǳлֱ˵ǬԪɽɽͷϲŨҪѴ˵ΪʱǬԪռ㣬ʮɽͷʱԼֻҪһɽͷݡ
ʲôŨǬԪɽŨ֮ǬԪھǬԪɽչ׳ģǬԪڵķأôøˣùֱЦߺôĿҲ·ͷ
֪һɽͷҪˡôҪ⣬ԸѡһͶЧǬԪڣǰɽͷҡţԻô
ԭͶЧôͶЧ


87 
װǸ
ǬԪɽŨ֮, ţҪ˺ﶼšǬԪɽš
ЩѾǷɽ, , ҲǬԪɽԼСԺһϾ, ҪǬԪɽ
Ҫ˵ǬԪڵĸƷ׷ҩ, ϡ޲ϡȵȶǳڷǬԪɽŵġ
ôҪĵط, ôøһˣʵأ
ʱرĺȰ취̫Ѻ, ȰֱӲõһ취
߹˵
, ҼСֵܸղ˵, ǬԪ, ǬԪɽȻڱ𡣡ʱ⻰˵һû̻ǬԪڵĵһȴ¶ԷһԲϾͶ֡
ŵĻ, Ǹ˵, Ц, ΪһŲΪ, ˵⻰Ҳǿһ, Ϊǡ
˵Ͳͬ, ΪǿΪ硣
ʿľеȼѹƵ, ߽ʿ׿ͽʿľ, ͽʿ޷߽̽ʿľ硣˵Ϊ磬ֻֿܣһǸԼͬһ磬һǱԼľߡ
ڳǬԪˣϺɽȣûһܿǸʱʿľ硣
Ҳ˵ʱ˵ΪƽסǬԪڵļϺͼɽΪڶ龳
龳ⷽĶˣϣҲľ磬ĿǰûͻƹԷֻһ龳ʮ龳ɶԷһ龳ܻǸɵùġ
ǿ˿Ǹ״һ󶴵Ļɽ󣬳Ǿɵò룺ѵ֪ðС꣬ͻƽȶ龳ߵľˣȻô
ȶ龳ߵľ磬ͷȣʱǬԪڵǣͷ顣ʱΪУһ󾳽磬շѹʽĲࡣ
ˣʱ˵֮ǬԪ¾ãɫصطԸԪ档
ʱ㣬ѵԪõˡ׵龳Ͼ͵ͷˣұ
ΪǬԪڵ𣬱סǬԪɽϣԪܿ㱻˳
һֱʱԷ֣ΪԷضǸ׷룬̬ӣǰðһǵӣ˭֪߳Ǹ˸׳ʵ꺺ӣȥͱҪöࡣ
꺺֮߳æӭȥһֳֹ档
ش꺺һʱ㳭ŶһȻСʵʱ磬㲻Ԫô᳤ô᣿
ʱ΢΢һӣʲôɺģȻǷ˷ϻͯĵҩֻֵĵҩٵ֮ˡ
ʱλųƻһǧԪ˹ʱһ֮˵ˣ磬ǿΪҪռǬԪɽǲɣܵЩֶ
áʱתͷѾ˿һξ룬ڳصˣֿ꺺ӣ˵ȻǶǶ龳Ϊʲôǲ֣Ҫʹ𣿾ôϰ׵ģ
˻꺺ӸׯһЦ˳ѹûоϰһ˵
꺺˵ͷӵԪѾ쵽ˣôĹУҲΪϧǻᣬſԶΪɳһʱ䡣ˣְɡ
Ŷ죬ϣģʱԴӵ磬۱㲻ϱˢһҵ硣
£ʱҲ໰Ԫͷ˵ɡ
Ҷ۾׼ۿһĶ
˭֪ʱֻΧ𱡱һ͵Ḷ̬́ʵظֶԪ漲ķ
ԪйʵʵʱϣЩԻصķʱϼһ㷴Ӧͬʯһ㡣
ԼһʹʩŷһûбзͻƲʱϵǲ㱡̣ԽԽľ
ݺֱӸУܣʩչҲ޷ζһ´ʵġǬԪΪ֮ˣСݣǸֶǴ
棬ְͣɣٴȥˡ̲סֹԪļ
Ϊٴȥƺֻһ֣Ԫ治Ƿľȥʡ
˫˼վûԼˡЦԶ
ΪʱߵʵɳԪԪǰȥסʱչֳľǶ飬ñʮһӵϣɵʱߡ
ڿʱߵʵûƺɲ⡣
пܱǸ߳һ󾳽磬òıӦԲԡ
Ԫչ£ǰúʽٴʱ񣺡֪ڽĵһɻü
˶㵹ãȱ񡣡ʱ㵭ΪƣǼƽЩϸڡ
ʱ̧֣ΧǵǬԪһӴ˿ͶЧǬԪڣԺ󣬴ұֵͬˣమŽụͬ
ǬԪĬĬؿʱ㣬⣬λʱô˵ɿЦĻǿӦðѡమɡĶǡŽụɡթͬɡ̤ͬŵʬס
ǬԪûиӦʱҲΣֵѾǬԪɽڱסǬԪɽλ£ɽԺûбٻκ˲̤ǬԪɽ
ʱڵľˣ룬ʱѾ˵ԻԷΪǬԪɽǬԪɽ
ЦʱҲ̫żˣûоڴء
ĵ⵽ɣЩʡ˰ɡ˵ţʱ˲ɽһָ˼ǣ߲ͣ
˵һǬԪ˾Լ˱ǬԪɽίʵˣ˼ʵţǸҷԣͶЧˣڲìܡ
һ֮󣬵еǬԪ˶˳ǬԪɽʱȽһһϡ
һϽеʣʱ磬ôǹʱ㣬ʱˣͻᱻǬԪڵҵʬ֮ء
ˣҲɣʱؽҴļ⣬Ц޷Իָһ±á
Ϊ˲ǬԪڵ˿ƺͷһֱǿ꣬װһеӣΪ˵ֿԪĹѽʣһ˿ҲĵˣһߣŲסˡ
ʱôţ㿪ʼǬԪɽԵظоǬԪɽ޾ʱԴԴϵսˣһһҹ֮ǬԪɽƺϡ˼֡
ڻָһ˿΢ʱ㣬ӵվɿռȡһһӣǶڰԽԽ
֮ʱ仯һɵݵ¥Ǵ֡
ʱ˵Ǹռ䷨Яʱߣǽȥ


88 
ϣӿɽ
߽, һ߿ﾫʵĳ裬̾һװʵʱ, ǸԪ涷ʱ, Ϊʲô֣
ʱ㻹ûôشѾԴǲķѾľ, ʹˣ
ʱЦЦ
֪Լ¶ˣһ, ӵǬԪڵǵСҪǸһӵ, ᱻȰǬԪɽó
ʱ, ˣʱû㹻ķӲǬԪɽ, ˲Ҫһ־ʹǬԪɽĻɽ, ǬԪɽһ޴, ȻڸԪĶУûз޷ʩչֻزʱ, û˲, ʱԵʮи˷緶Ī
ʱȫǿװŵǬԪ, ԡͶЧţɽͷķʽϷȡǬԪɽ
ʣǲ㱡Ĺ, ʲô
, ֻļٵķͿʩչ
ҴӰյҴǸʲôɽ, Ҳ񹦻ҵģ
ʱ㲻Ц
ͣ½Ų, ˼һ, һʱ˵ʱ磬Ǵϵˡ
ʵʱһֱ֪겻ԼĻʵƾʲôң˵
Ϊʱл񹦣ûУʱпռ䷨ҲûСǡǵָǬԪڣָ硣
֪ΪҪߣ
ΪҴ
ǡ
Ϊҵϣ˵Ե
ǡ
¼ԭ򣬶ʱˣֻ̡
ʱΪͻСĵز̫ߣԴ̣ϣ㻹ӿɽ̡
͵ʱ㣬һ˼֮£ܿ죬תͷ
һ£ʱϱŲҪլڶ
һʿҪ˹תΪ
ʱ磬Ͷ㣬䣬Ϊ·Ѿڿ̽һˡ
ˣʱȻլڶûдʱڿ飬ǳ˼Ƕָ
һֽףʮסⲢеĵطоĵطǬԪɽһַǳԵٶȣһһϡ
ǬԪɽǸǬԪɽͷٶȲı䣬סɽϵˡ
סɽϵٶȣǬԪɽͷٶȣǬԪɽϵȻͻὥϡ
ʱٶȣȻᳬǬԪɽͷٶȣôֲ޵׶һ㣡
Ӧˣоʱ״̬һתָоϸ΢ȷʵһںת
ǬԪó̳ڵǬԪɽȥȽϳΪ̳Ȼʱ㲻ܡ
ʱɵӽԴ͵ҩȸɣȥǬԪɽ̽ʱ˵ʵ
ȥ̽ĽһʱסǬԪɽеӣ춯
ҡΪɰ˸֣ɵǬԪɽƻĲ²⡣
ЩǰǬԪɽĵҲɽϡ
Ȼ˵ǬԪɽǬԪڵķأǬԪܷչµһţǬԪɽӵֻռһ֣ǬԪڵһһĿľӪ
οǬԪֱȰǬԪɽȥˣǬԪɽϵϡƺǬԪӰ첻
ǣúõǬԪɽΪʲôϡʱôģ
ǰ죬ʱǰȥǬԪɽ̽鿴ĵӴ˵ҪһǬԪڵ˵ǣȻǬԪɽȻǬԪڵĹȻôҺųǬԪڵӣ
ʱѾ˵绹˶飬ܴͷǬԪڵĹ
ֻʱǲҽڣǰ͵ǬԪģˣңֻһǬԪǳ׹ȥǬԪҲûʲôʧ
ȻĿǰǬԪڲҪҪʱ뻤ɽ޸
⻤ɽʱ𻵵ģ˵ʱ޸ɽвжΡʱѾ˵ˣ⻤ɽֵ޸ǬԪڴʱʱ޸ɽûȤ
޸ɽôķ֮£ƻ߳ǬԪڵ鳤ҭ
ǣǬԪڲһ׼ϣһ߳£ҪҪʱ֮ʱ֮ĳһ죬ǬԪڶᵽһɲͬѰζ
ζбҩ㣬ǳȴַǳصţ̫֮ͬѰˣһڣ̲סڶڣҪ䡣
ܶ鲻ԽһʶűӣĴѰζԴǣҷ֣ζǴǬԪɽƮġ
ǬԪɽϻʲôô㣿
ЩΧǬԪɽɽ£̽ͷ̽ʱ¹أɽѾȥˡ
ҲڸζԴһϣһʱ죬˵ôо㣿
㡹һ㣬ҵйʶֻǬԪɽϾˣʱѾǶ龳ѵǸׯˣһ֮ǰŽһʱ䣬ľӦòŵĽң꾳ûеܳ𵤾
סǬԪɽϵ˶ܽᵤѵɽϻסŵˣ
ϵǬԪɽϡ²⣺Īʱв˸ɸɽϣʱҪռǬԪɽΪľǸǸ־ȡŨôһ룬Щסˡ
뷨иǸ֣ôڲŽ׽𵤾ѾϾϸ룬żϣҪɽȥ
ͳϱǳסǬɽϣɽ·;һϵȻɽʱϡˡ룡
һͬھסǬԪɽŨˡ
źüͬʣôôϡģôȥ
ӯɽȺ֮УɢֻᱻһЩֲʿա
ѵǬԪɽǰŨʱˣ壿û˸ţܹǵȰRƴ
˵֮䣬ѾɽɽﱾŵĴǰһ޴Ĺ㳡񣬹㳡ƽشһ¥¥Ҷдź׽֣
ͳʵѾµתû뵽ۼʱԾľݣȫǵֻ¥ܹĶ׷ĵ֮ң֮ȣҲԶԶ硣
ǰվһ꣬ǸׯꡣƺڵǣһȺŴ߹һûоȡ
һֱȵͳ߽ˣһ̧֣˵Ҽʱ˵ˣͳֹ
ɫ˵СֵȥҸͨһǱͳã̡
һˣ˵ҼʱչŹƬʱ֮ǰս˵Ӧڳ񾳡ʱ˵ˣλ£ڹԵȣɣԻء
һʱҪǬԪڹԼѵɣڴ֮ǰʱδ


89 
һն
ǬԪڱһûŵóǬԪɽ
һ뵽ֿ, ǬԪڼ˶ѪѪ
ףõϢϸϸ, ʱ𾪵Ĵе, Ѫĳ嶯, ʵСֵܣ˼˵, ֳǽſʼģ
ѽѽ꿴ȥ, һûĻ, ô׵ذҸϵй¶˳
һʵſʼڹ, ھڳˣһ֮ǰ, Žᵤ, ôܳٶȡֻÿֲݣˣŵʵʲôʱʼģ
糽, ʱŹ, ˽ȥ, ˵Ҫչأʼ, չʱ䳤̲, ˼߾֮ʱԻء
ǰĸʱʱʹ޵, ˽ڴԲ, ڳڣλܵĴ̼̫, Ѿ˵ˡ
ʣֳñ׹ģ
괽һƲ˵ǰû׹ǳĹˡĹĹǿ˵Ҫ׹ҵ棬ܲҳһĹ
۵·𼸰ϣʹɫ˲ѿ
ֻ˵ãҼʱ粻ޣ˵ֻҪŹС
˶ͷĴ⣬پеʧӣ˵ôµݵĽǻûмҲʶʶȥȴʱء
ϽȥȥһУҼʱ˵ˣû׼˭ܽĶ
ʱڹرѸС۸Ϊͣһɨһߣ˾ȥ
걻һ鵽ϣҲգƵЦؿż߽ż˽Ӷأͨһڵء
ôһ˲ãŴСֵؽлѽѽǲҪҴΪǺãôأл󷨵ġ
һô˵
ѽѽߵǰŹڵϵļУʮ޹˵ұҪѵģ˭֪һ飬ˤϣͰҪ˵ĻˡǶѾˡ
֪꿴ۣȴһ㲻ǹҪǳģɻܷʵСֵܣ³çˣ֪ô󷨣𣿡
ɫ޹ˣҡͷʱ˵Ϊ̫ͣû󷨣ֻйʱˡ
һϴΪʣôܹ򣿡ǾΪʲôԲĻѹ֣
Цϣʵóɵ⣡ܽȻʱ׼˵ѽ˵ţܽʱһӳһƨǰӣ¹һ
һݵߣһͦʬȥǲŲǹСƨأ
˿ͳһѹྣȻѹӿµ·ɣһЩƮϵͷϣ˵Ҫҵʱš
ôǿĻ󷨣ͳ󷨵ѹ¶ﶯˣСƨأ
µһŵĴǹԼǰ벻ɵֲ̾˼ϲߵŰݣо̫ˣ
롸ٰྐྵУʱɿţԼ˰ʱңĩϳǬԪڶ˽ƾۼ
쿴쿴˭ҪˣôǬԪɽǵطֻһһ龳ɽѲɣǸ龳ɽҪͻޣƿһ¾磿׽٣׽֮ǰ˭Ҳ֪ʲôס
ϿգƷɿؾۼڣʱ¡¡ը죬ڴϸĻֱ
ֽһɿӻ
һϴĴ׽ľ֮ˣ˵ӵԶԶģȥϸŰѽ
Ǹ˷׼ףô˵׽ٻǡǶǶ龳񾳵׽٣⡣
׽֮׽٣Ȼ׽٣Ǳ׼Ľ׻ʱҪ׽١
ȻЩǰԪ湥ʱһ׽ȥһȥ٣ʯ󺣡
ȥ׽һѲԫϱڣһƬ龰ûг֣ڵĽƽƽϢɢϿգƻۣϼεƮһٺء꣬ƶƮɢϿջָ
ɽٳɹ׷ˡһ˵ϽءϽѹ֣ȹǰǱµӿˣҪ⡣
ǣһȲȲǸ꣬ȫȫβֺ˵˳ϣྐྵӡ
һ̲סʵιСӣֳʲôʱأ
֪ҵʱ˵һ龳أŰɡ
ӿʼ龳İٶʮ꣬ǴӷԲͻʮֽ꣬ſʼ龳Σѹ
ȰˣĪСӳܣŰɡ
°һ̧ڳһڹӿǣߣ
һȣ͵ʱɫҰ˳У
϶Ƕ龳ΪʩŵѹѹţڵϵԲ̫̫߳ˣ
ٽʱƶٴξۼϿգȻİϻǺܿ㷢쳣ˡô񾳴ԲҪ龳ˣ
ǵ飬İҹзӿĽƸÿһˣ飬붼İϡ
Ǵ̤񾳵񾳴ԲԳ龳Ҳ๦ǻǳɹУʧܡ
ʿܳɹ׵龳ģʿܳһ顣
ǣʱӸӦ̤֮·ʼ徳꾳ĸʱ𵤾һʱ׷񾳣ʱ龳ǰͳžŸʱŸʱѽ
ͷ֮ʱСɴϸĳȻ׽ٺȻ£׽٣ͻƶ龳ı׼׽١
˻׽ΪοһΣǶڶ龳׽аȻһ㶼ˡţأٺŽ׳ɹ
ˣˡһ죬㵽顣иܵ˾޴Ĵ̼һʱĻ䣬ȣʲô
ǵлʱ̵ģҲŴﵽ龳һֱڼţԼٶѼ
񣬸ʱһնȣ㱩ֱӱ
ԱһȰǲøȡ
ʱɹ׶龳ܸó˰ɣ˭֪ʱǾþûгСֵܣȥʱѹ֣ôţʲôӣ
Ź˵ʱˣȻ϶ڳһ磬Űɡ


90 

ʵ, Ϊ̫֪߽ͣʿ޷߾ͻƵķպͽƣ򵥵ʱͻȴ, Ȼ׼һ硣
, ں˵ĻͳǶ, ȴڶߴһըףͷĿѣ, ͷȡ
һ磿, 龳͵ͷ, , и߼ľ, һֱûܹͻ, ѵʱһͻƣΪһ¾磿
֪ʲôʱʼ龳ͳ컨壬һһ, Թķ, Ҫ߾, һ⣬ʧܸ, ޷ף
Ϊ, ׽ٽ£˵Ǹͻߵ鷽ȷģù׽, ֻǻԵʵĽû, ˵ͻƵķǴģ
, ͳ˵ʱһʱβȣһ簡һ簡
ʱĲͬѰ֮ʱһնҲţܣƣ롭ϣΪһ¾ɣ
ϲ˵ĸԸعǰĵȴʱĶ
ʵ˵Ƿǳϣϣϣʱܹٴ׽٣ɲɹνٸָʾһȷ淽
վԽߣѵʱɱӵĹɣʱӻ񾳽׶龳˽ʱĽٶȡ
ʱܳһ磬ѵʱٵʱϡ
ˣͳѾʱ׼
Ȼһʱ֮󣬴ųʱǰͳֻһɣǹѹǹڵ޷ѹƾʧˡ
ܶˣҷ׷վ໥ʵô£ѵʧЧˣ
Уһ£ɿܻˡ
ܿ죬ʱһϮڵ˿˳Ϯ۸һɶݡ
ڿʱʱͳǵһӦʧʧʱôͳˣǾʹ޷һ硣޷һ˾
Ϊڽ֮󣬲һʱʱˣǲζţʱһҲһҲȻֻܳˡ
ʧ֮Уʱ΢΢һף˵Ǹøλõˡλұк£
ʱѯʣ˲Żعʵ鿴ǬԪɽ˭׽𵤾ˣǻɽϲˣĴʦС˼Ŀʱӽ𵤾׵龳ȫ̡
ʱ֮ǰȰѹˣûֱǬԪڴǱӣǹȫӡ
ˣʦʲʱðҲ𱸲Щڨڨģ˵
ģתÿ죬ڴ״̬ʱͦӦųǴʱһ޸ɽ£ҪҪȥ飿˵ĺ棬Ҳ˵ĶʼΪµһŵĶȫȲʱĶôɵݣƾʲô
ʱ㵲ǰһһҲûӿ֮⣬˵Ѿ˵ˣ⻤ɽ̫ģֵûԴȥ޸
⻰ҵʱ˵ʧҲֱڿĳϲ㷢ʱʲô̬ȣɽŪģ㲻Ӧó޸𣿡
ʱÿ׳յƳһǸϣ˵죬һῪһ嵥㣬ŵӸұϣһ²һɽ󣬻ɽķǿ
һ̲סЦƾ㣬һҲõóɽ󣿻ҪԾǿΰɣ
״࣬ʶЩֻ֪ͷĳҪãʱûпʼƿǵĻɽסǬԪɽϣԵ޹ʹǬԪɽϡһ룻Ȼֵǵ棬һն飻ӵôɵݵĿռ䷨֮ʱ£͸غ͹죬ţʱǬԪڸľͲ˼顣
һܹһնʿ˵һǿ͵ĻɽƺҲһ¡
ˣϽֹϣʵ֪ôϣ᲻ĵر
ģһЩѰ֮Զ࣬Щ뱸λ£ذɣ͡˵꣬ʱ˷ӣҪתطԼĶ
ۿʱαҪһ̲סʳڳ֪⣺ʱΪʲôûмˣ
ʱתһЦ˵λǶ龳˲˵޷ͻƣ಻ܡ޷ƷףظλҲһ
ȫĬȻˣͷ˾ͱ롣ǽ׵龳֮󣬱һֱͣڶ龳һףȫ޷ףڷΪӴͣͲǰ
λ֪Ϊʲô𣿡
ˣͷһ𣬼ʵĪʱ֪
Ӧ÷Ϊ׶Ρŵ龳龳֮Ϊ棬ҪǶȫλ죬һЩĸͨУֻҪԺãֿ޿ͨջۣѭ򽥽һ죬Դﵽ龳ˣλ죬Ѿﵽ˵Ƿ켫ĵزټ˼·ȥȻͻͣͲǰ
һ׶أôﵽһ׶ΣֻĻȣ͡
һ׶Σ֮ΪɣǶԼ˼ʶѡһ֮Լʹ֮ط򣬲ںϽط̣ΪϵϵɹԽ׺ϵ
Ա˳٣ǶԾ˼ʹհһ¾硣
࣬Լĵ⣺ʲô¾磿ʲôǵطʲôôϵ
ʱʵòˣ˵ʵЩҪԼȥֻ̽Ǹṩһɵķ򡣶ңãǸӦùĺϵ֮󣬸ʲô硣
ʲô磿
ɽپǲҪΪϵǰóֵķԤ׽٣ֻҪȥˡɽپǼ򵥵ɸ׽١
ͳǻôģæʣɽٵģ
ɽپڼ䣬ʿ˥˥˥˥˥ҵ˥˥ҪǸȥԼһ˶ϡµеµеʩееƣµеĶ
ڼ䣬ɵϣǶ˼;ğnعɽپǾͿԴﵽһȫµľ񾳽磬һ̡
һĬ֮󣬻ȿʵһ̣ʱ磬ǲǾ˵ķᣬûжپʱⷬܲ
Щͳˣȴ׻Ȱ׽ٻ࣬п˵
Ƕϻ˼ǧ꣬ΪΪԴÿ˶̤ʬɽѪߵһ
ԼֵĶڶɽپڼ䶼ᷴɻԼϣΰù˥


91 
Ľ
ͳ϶ͷ²̵ۣģ֪;ôʵĶɽپ, Ϊ֮ʱͲôźݶˡںڣˡ
ƣ, ڿ
ǲ, ʱδʱһ, һж
Է׽˵ظү, ǸΪ޴ֹˡ
ʿ˵, ɽپһΪĲþһƻ, մ˵, ɽپһЩ
Ȼ, ʿ, ԳΪԪƳܾõظңңڡ
Ű, Ϊ, ˶ԱԼǿʿһЩη֮, ͷκˣκ¶澴η, оǵ, ǿԶϵκˣκȡ, Ƿ·ס
˵ɥ, Ť޾η, еһԭ
ûоη֮ģûйԼǣʶ֮£ʹһΨҶ𣬽γΨͼǿʳۡ
ʱûϸ˵κϵʿԼȥѰǵġҲҪʱԶɽپ˵ʲôֻҪǸ磬Ȼס
ʱȴ͸¶˺ܶɽپ飬ʿηӶܶ޼ɵؾȡԴΪһЩԼվϣԱһЩůһЩ
Ϊһдͨˣʱ㲢Ҳز赽ķչС
ʱ˳ֶΪůãΪʲôء
Ҳѡĵ
˵˶ɽپĴ֮һӵ˵ı飬ʱ֪ԼĿĴﵽˣתһ²۵ϴҹ¡
һ£ϱ룬ʱȻֻƾһ֮ǬԪڲһµĻɽͬʱָǬԪɽһӼ̵СͻֻҪʱʿ֮ˣ㶼ᱻɽ¡
ʱ㲼һǬԪɽһС֮ɫ΢΢ЩףЩ۵Ȱʱ磬沼һͺˣο໹ҪѷһС󣿿ɫֲˡ
Ψһһ֪ʱʵ״ˡ
Ȼʮ꣬ѾԴˣ׽һ˵ĺ統ңȥ۹ɣһ˫ʪĵС¹ۣһŴӣ˿ġö£еĻ಻ȱ
ʱŨǬԪɽƶ񤡹һ㣬Ͳ³ˣʱҪӴӴ޷
ǬԪɽľ󲿷ɽǬԪɽƶɽͷҲֻԻһʱķݽ̶߳ȡ
һһСһãʱɫ΢΢ף֪ʱոЩ΢ùˣϧʱķ
ʱִɽһ齣һӣ棬Цһ֣뱧Լ˵С氡׵꾳ҲС;
Ϊʲôʱ꣬ȥʱ֣оʱĸĸһ㡣
ʵĸ״δˣȴȺӡûмˣĸҲᡣĸ׶ֵãǴ첻ȥˣܶΰ׵ͨ˼ңȻԴǳķܣԴƭǮˡ
ֵ󣬷ֶ߱ʣĸױط硣ĸ״ǰȥͶɣЩɶƲǣûԸӡΣĸֻð֪Ĵǳ̸ǣɡ
ǳĵײɢޣ๷׷һ׷ÿһϡԴᣬǲҪȥϡԴֻϣϡԴɢܼ֮һЩ˿۵ĶҪĲԴǿű˵Ĳиʣ
ڼ䣬ΪЩиʣʧɱԼĸ硣ǵʱˣȴؼǵãʱ徳סĸʼû˵ľذѴˣֻ˵֣Ҳá
ĸ״ˣ๷һޱȱ΢ּѵ֮ʱĸױ˷֣ĸΪ˱ѳˣҵĸʱĸѾˣȡĸʬϽʣ󣬿ʼ˶ˡ
ʱߵӣ˵һ㡣ҲΪԴ֮⣬ʱʮ㣬ȻضڷҲϸµչÿ£ʱһһ鲻䷳ؽ̵
ԼʱƽŵӰ죬ԼӶòôˡ
ʱϸĸͿأʱһԼ֪Ľ֮飬ԸΪʱıԼԸԼɷʱϣӡ
ʱʱ磬˼ҽ꾳Ҫ೤ʱء
ʱ㱻Цˣ룺ȥȥȥΪ㻹Сأ˿Ц
ﲻղû˽ʱ磬Ų˿˵£ѾƤĥֺּһûв˼ʱ
ʱ㱻ûֻøС󣬲һֹ˽룬Ҫǣ˶ǬԪɽʶ̽
֮Ҫ׵꾳ŸСãΪ꾳֮󣬱ʶʶǿţԽߣŵľԽԶ
Ȼ˵ͨʶŸܵһУۿǰʱ㲻ϲԼĳЩʱ򣬱ʶ̽
ңʱļƻǬԪɽС󣬳˸ʶ֮̽⣬иãǾǸпܵʶ
Ȼûʶôͣ붼޷⡣
ԴʱȫµĻɽǬԪµ˵ӶģٲʱԵ׵İ̽
˭ʱôһȫԸǬԪֱգҪǬԪԵף
棬ʱҪһЩ֮ʱϽǬԪõóֵķȫ¼һݣ͸ʱ͡
֮綼֪ˣ龳֮Ǻϵж龳ʿʼڤ˼ѰԼġ
УݵģԪ棬ΪʣԪˣѾûʱȥѰҲԼġˡ
һգԪʮؽӵʱ飬ǰǬԪɽһ
ʱͶЧǬԪ֮ſʼһ֮ڱ޵У׶£ͳΪԼ棬û͸¶Ļʱ̽˶龳֮һѾ紫ˡ
ˣԪһֱΪʱΪԼӵʱĴ򣬵øƸ٣ƨƨߵظ˹ȥ
ǵģԪоǸƸ١Ϊʱû˭ǰǬԪɽ
ҲãҲã֮ʱû˭ΪԪԼӡ


92 
˽¯
Ԫһɽ, 㱻ɵݵסˡʱһϮڵ˿纮÷վǰ빬ӳɻԣһ, ֮Ŀ
ԪϽȥʱ, дԺ֮ݼױ, ʵ˵˭ʵ, ˭ǳ
ʱʵͱԪ治֪˶ٱ, ̹Ȼ֮, ԪԱǬԪǰŴ, ˫һ, ʱ㿪żɽ, ˵˷ǰһ˫ˡ
ԪʱһԼ棬ʱס, æ, ǰ, ҳơ桹첻Ҫɷ, ֻܻűǡʲʲô
Ϊˡ桹, һꤵ˵Ҫ˵ʱȻʱҪ˵ʲôš
ʱҪ˫𣿲, һԪ֮, ˼ҷ, ഺٵʱ￴
ʱ˫ޣô˽֮£ҪֲⷽȨ
ԣʱȷʵҪ˫ޣԪίʵţĺ£䵽ͷϡ
ͻȻ뵽һֿܣɲɲǸˣ¯
ʱᣬΪʲô˸ߵΪ磿Ӧǲɲ˺ܶʿΪɣԪԼϤʱôᣬôΪء
粢ӲɲҲа񣬲ɲһֻȡΪԴֶζѣɱˣᱦûʲôͬɲĹؼڣܲܲɲˣܱܲⱻ˲ɲ
һǿʳĹ򣬱ȴҰ޵滷նһɱ¾ɱˣǱɱ㣬û⡣
뵽ԼԪһΪɢ˲ɲˣƺܷһЩȡҲܺýʱΪʲô˫ޣǱˡ˫Ǻ˵ѣʱĿľҪɲ
Ҷ˼Ԫ˵˹ȥƾΪƾʵҪô󱬶ԷĹͷҪôȰѶԷɲˡ
ǣʱ˼վŲ򲻶˼ҪǷл·
벻Լµһŵ棬ȻӲ¯ˣԪɫһ»ҰȥһǿˣԴУݵɲԣϹأ˭ɲ˭ƾʵԾ
һ̵֣ģֻĶ顣ÿһǵƾʵܾʤҲҪһ˲䣬Ԫȼ˸߰־׼еһսĲɲ鲢Ǻܸߡ
ʱЦһ˵Ԫˡ˵˫ޣ˫ޣ⡣ȡᣬɲۻ֮¡
Ԫ˫ޣʼţ̶ȻɫҰܣһȥľʱͲµԪĴϷǺ档
ɲôۻȡ粻˭˭ˣ˭ˣѵҪˣԪʱ˵֣֮ŷӦʱҪɲԼҪԼ˫ޣ
ĺ£ô䵽ͷأԪʱתΪϲĺ£ҪΪʲô߶ʮһץס˵
ˣԪѾǧ꣬ȴûнµͷӣЩɬʵֻҪԸġǲ֪ܸܲƥϡ
Ϊ˲ɲˣһֻе²Ż˫ޣΪ֮䣬ѪԼ໥ӺͬʱҲеĵ¶˫޵ģҪµǲǸպƥ䡣
ʿܹ֮ҪģУΪľˮ֣ÿʿѲͬһϣٶȿ죬ΪõģٶˣΪġ
ˣͬԵ֮䣬Ҳ˵á
У˲ɲֹˮľľʿͿͨ˫޻ɲ֮ȡˮʿǿԼΪǶ˵˶ԳΪԼ֮˵¯
ܲ˫޻ɲҪ˫Ƿƥ䡣Ҹ˾˫޻ɲ
Ϊˮľԣ־ȡɲת磬ˮʿȡһˮͨתľʿԻöݣݡʮݵľܹתȡ˫Ϊߵ͡
ͨϵܽӴ͹ȡԷͿʹԼôԣɲΪǷС
вƴֵң¯ṩԴȻپȡǵԴﵽ°빦Ч
ɲǵȡ˫˫ȡˣܲ˫ޣҪȿ˵Ƿƥ䡣
һǵˮô˫޵ĵ±ǰľڵĶˮˮʿľʿȡԼˮͬʱˮľľʿֿԾȡˮʿˮԼľȻԼڣһľתΪһݽʹﵽ˫ȡͬĿġ
˫֮лὥγǿߺǿĸ֡絥˫ޣȱͱȶȿ졣
һ˫Ϊ࣬ƽͻᱻƣȡµԻʮ棬ֻܻö棬ȥ˫ΪԽԽջһΪ¯Ĵڡ
ΪˣѰ˫޵ʱҶڸͬ˫ޡ
˫˫ԼΪ¯ûγɱ·ѭ޷˫ȡһ㶼Ҳ˫޵£ֻ¯ɲ
ԣѡ˫޵£Ҫƥƥ䣬Ҫ˫ʣٶȵȸпǡ
ҪҵһԼƥ䣬൱ò൱൱Ϊ൱Ը޽µʿʵǺѵġ¶û˫ޡ
Ԫǻ˼ʵʱԣȷԲжܲ˫ޡ
ʱЦģ
⻰ְԪ澪ˣһ澪ʱȻǸԸʿ˫޵һ棬ʱôѸ龳ģ
Ҫ֪ʿζҪȵʿ屶Ŭ׷ϵٶȣٶѽˣʿͨΪٶ̫̫Ԫľ䡣
ҲƣǾǸɼܶرΪɹķࡣ
ϹӦرܴر־ãԽ׸ɼܻռϷ磬ͬ׵ĸĶ֡
£Ԫʱ׷ˣԷǸ龳ѽǿԺɨĴڣ
ԪԽӾصĿѯʵҪҪȾи䣿Ȼ˫ޣ
˶Ƕ龳Ķ˽˫ޣȻѸ£ǬԪڳ棬һ¡ʢĽ䣬ͷǰ񣬲Ź档
˵ԪԲһĴϷۡһʱôõĶԪ涺ˣ氡̫ˡ˼ֻ˫ޣ¡
Ǹ̫ðɣԪ浹ǺߣϾ˫޻˲ܽӴôôأðʱ˵ûеѪ˭ܱ֤˫ʱţ˲ɲ
ʱƲµԪ뷨ݹȥһ򣬵и߽˫޹ʱе˫޹ͬҿˡ


93 
˫޵
Ԫ, ̽ʶܿ㽫ϵݿˣʶɨ˺ü, ܾԼ, Լ֪
ʱһһߣĵصԪϷ, ʵ֮Եһҵ棬ȷʵΪԪ, ˫޹, ԰Ԫ, ʱȥѰҲԼĵˡͨ˫, õĺôȱ, ʲôԥģ
, ϾûԹ
ǺǣúôֲðգȺ£ʱ޷, źܿ, һ˫޵ԭ, ΪԪɹ, ͿȥѰҲԼĵ, ֮;һƬãǲʧˣҲΪһ󹦵£һֻͶ, й˼, һ˳, ô涼
ʱһһٷԪڿȻʡ
£һ׼֮ʱԪڴǰǬԪڴһ˫ޡһ˫һֱһһҹ
˫޽֮Ԫڣݹ·֦ⰻȻֱ˸ƵġصӴ󣬼򵥵شԼװ񣬱ɽȥˣ˵ҪѰԼĻԵ
ҿԪı仯ù죬Ԫ涼ĺùҹˣôһǬԪɽ˾ͱˣ
ҲְѺĿͶǬԪɽŷ֣ǲ˽ȥǬԪɽˣʶȥǣǬԪɽǬԪڵĽأĪ롣
ʶȥˣȴǬԪɽӹע
Ƿ֣ÿʮ£ʱԼһλǬԪڵĶ鳤ɽһһҹ֮λϱԪһڣݹһⰻȻɽ
УԪһװɽ
Ҳһ鳤ûɽŲǬԪɽʲôȫտڲԡݽЩ鳤ϵĵ˵鳤ϻ󣬳ǬԪɽ񣬱ģζģġ
Ҿʱɽһһҹ֮֮λڸԼĵˡ񾳡ԼҲװɽȥˡ
ε˳ļӣʦ֪ʵ顣˵£龳ĳǰǬԪɽһһҹ֮һһɽȥˣǶԴ²⣬ܾ˴£˴²ʱǲʲôи֣Զ鳤˶֣ĸ
ոжε룬ˣʱǵˣĻ֡
ɽǸʲô󷨣ǬԪɽˣʶýɻ£±֣Լˣڵס˵ʶ̽ڵס𣿡ʣҼȻţܹ𣿡
ܺãǰΨҶ𣬲֪Ӻ˶ͬŵˣҲ֪ʲôиɻˣбرʾҪ鳤ֹ
Դ˵˶ɽپڼпµ˥֮ķһ±ת˺֪ܶ࣬˾ηԼǰʿ޼ɵΨҶˣһЩĵӣǲˡ
ǺЦˡô˵ɣǬԪɽʱĵǰȥǸҽһɡ
ʱʲô
˵
˽ջ񣿡
éٿϲ֮˵һϲ֮ɫ
ʱȻô˻ϲĵΪʲôŵԵ֮˶ǰȥôҶϲϲ
һ˵ʱĴʽֻһһҪôһһ£ֳһ临ӵı飬ĩˣҡҡͷУԲУ
һ֪Ƶı飬ֵ԰ݱ۲죬ʱǶ龳ʮ˽˵ͻֵǻ񾳽ˡһεôˡ˵˵
˵꣬ﳤɽˡ
ϯϣʲôʱֵԼ
ȻĶ鳤ʱ֮󣬸ֳϲ֮⣬ȻֵԼ
ʱеĶ鳤϶֮һλɵĶ龳ǰɽ˵ʱ֮ǰá
ʱԴӴƿɽǬԪɽ֮󣬱û뿪ǬԪɽô뵽ɵĶ龳õģ
ǬԪڵӲţȥǬԪɽ֤ʱġ
ǬԪɽͣһһҹ֮뿪֮ʱҲøǬԪڵĶ鳤һڣݹⰻȻ
Ӵ˿ʼÿʮ£һλɵĶǰݷʱ
Ȼѻ²ʱڸ龳ĳǽ֮󣬻Ƿ񾳵ǽȴǲ´ˡ
ʱ׼ɵĶҲ׼ڵǽ
νˮʱűôӲȴ첲գѺ±˱űˣ
ȻͷȴҵʱʱߵǸϡ
ҹǬԪɽܣΪʵΪԡ
֮󣬵ڰ͵͵ɽˣһׯס͵ǰ
걻ô߽׵һӵϣץСƵıְ˽ſסáḷ̌ŵˣȴٻеǸץң֪˭ҸǬԪɽʱҶңҽҸȫˣ
˵ӣǺؽׯķ̺ԣԼֻ˵˵޶⡣
ڰׯ֮ʱɽϸЩǣʲô
һ߿һգʪС¹ۣһ޹طʣʲôûʱ署ѽ
ͷһʣ⼸ÿʮ£һλɽݷʱʱ˵ʲô
С˵ҲúѽʱǴ˵ǬԪǰĴȻʲôû˵Ǵ
ʲôû˵
Ǻ˼䣬ȻʱͰǰǬԪڴȥˣ͵͵ȥˣʱû˵ʲô˸ǿǿ֮󣬾Ϳʼˡ
ֱЩʵѾ֪ҪʲôʱղŲЩ
һһҹɽϴ
ѽȥ͵Σ˾ڴľͷһ㣬һ
Ϊߵö࣬ʶҲ㣬֪ŲĲֲڱչأ׼ʶн
϶Σ֮ʱãʹ֮ʱĴһ²ʹá
뵽ʱصǬԪɽһʶ̽СԿ϶ʱЩʶн
ؼʲôͽֱ콲ΪʲôҪʶķʽ
ֻʱʿɣҲûǬԪɽ֪û֪Ūࡣ
ʱǬԪɽϵľٶѾֺʹˣֻʱԷܵ㻹Сʴ˵¡
뵱飺ʱ磬ҲСˣ³ʱѾʮˣ
ʱֻЦһЦδ˵ʲô


94 
˺ö
˹, 峺ȴԶͨʿ
ÿʮ¾һɽΪԴһһҹɵأ
뿪Ķһ, ݹ, һϲأⰻȻı, Ϲأ
һһҹ֮䣬϶ʲô, ֻ
²϶ʱʲô, ദ, Ѿʱ㵱ˡ², ĺˡ
Ҫ, ܺʱ, ߻뿪߲Ҫֵˡǳ»ˣȡʱĿеλá
κҪʱмһŵˡ
񣬲һŵ˳, Ҳֹһ, ȫǶЩɽʱһһҹ, ʱͻڴУ, Ųʣ
Ԫݷ֮ǰ, ʱǬԪɽϣʱѽ, ʲô˵, ǹöְ
, ʱԶ¶һߣǣ˼ԽԽطЩĶϡʱҪˣʧ裡
Уøı־棬ʧȴʲôǣЩȫǶѽܰô
죬ǬԪɽλ֪ʱҪһߣһһҹˡһʱķɽ䣬뱻ɽµĵӸץˡ
˼ͨ͸ʻҲʱǬԪɽϸԴ£Ϊɻʵ֪Ǵڸʲô𣿡
һҪϸڣ룬û͵뵽뻹ûн꾳ʶ͵򣬱ĿڵܲõǸ򡣡
Ǵʱɽóģǿ꣬ʱջȥˣò뿴ϵˣȻûʶ򣬵˿˸ѽ
һϸҲͻƿڣʵʲôΪˣ
ס
˵ǵǬԪʱʮף깦򣬾ͽ׵ˣͦġ׵꾳ʶ֮ͨ󣬻Ķڸʲôˡ
Ҫ꾳ѽ
ʣһܽˡ𼱣
ˣʱ㲼ǬԪɽСʱʹʱ㣬ѾһɽˣΪʲôҪһС
ʱ˵ҪΪ꾳Сá
ʱĻһ˼̫ˡ
Ϊ˲ʧ裬ΪŪʱ米ԼЩڸʲôǰδеؿ̿
һ֮ڽ꾳֮ʱһʶţ̵ʶŵļɺ;
һʱ䣬ʱԾɼÿʮ±һλɵĶǰǬԪɽ
벢ûԶļٰһЩԼûʧ裬ͷ̣Լˡ
ڽ꾳ˣ͵͵ʱΪԼĽ׶ˣûн䱸֮⡣
Ȼûʧ֮ݣ뻹Ҫ̽ʱ㱳Լʲôʱ
һ죬ɽһűɵĶ龳Ң
ǹɵʲô˵ԼĴڸУʱҢȥǰǬԪڴҲû
һֱȵʱøҢˣŷųʶ֪ԼΪͣױֱСĵؿʶֻڴѰ˸͵Ľ䣬͵͵
ʱóǸݸҢʱҲ̲סˣʶɿһ룬һɨһӿͷУȻٶȣջʶ
ͬʱҢظоһ΢ʶԼǰһӶʶӦһһҪƵԼǰˣСʶɢ
ոоһǿѹӵ˷ѹͷһϣҪȫԿ֮ʱʱʶȵ𣡡
ȻĪʱ˲ͷŵѹѹƺֹˣʱֹдŵĻ̼֮⣬Ңܿͷʺ͵⣬²ղԼһʶʱˡ
˽һʱܿѹҢĲ˼һЦǺǣϵһֵܣŽʶãղſƤǵл顣
ҢʱĽͣʱȻҲЦſ޷޷Ǳֵܣ¡
ĺ£ִʶʱֵܾͻһɵˣͻĪһ׮ǿдˣʱ˵ҪȥֵʱҢæʱ⡣
ʶϵݣ뻹û־ֻԺϢһͷ飬þûزʱ߽ӣȫûзӦô£ֻϰԵʶؿʱЦЦеʱ硣
ʱһ֪״̬ԣŸոսײã껹ʶĿҲв޷صӰ졣
߹ȥ뱧ڻոսף͸ڱűɵǰʩʶţǸɵˡҪѭ򽥽вɵΪһ˵һ߶Щȥ밲
ʱİ£뽥ع̱ʱĻޱޱȰģޱ㣬룺Ըһӱʱ籧ڻ
ʱ㲻ԶҢõȣ֮󣬱㶣ԼϢɴӦʱ뿪ǬԪڴ
ʱһߣʼͷЩϢʱ㻹ûн̹ʶȡϵϢ
ˣʱ㻨˺ܳһʱȥôһЩϢһ
ҲǺ츳ˣû˽̵ˣԼţȻҲѸոսյһҵϢǿ˳
ԼĶˣֻܿ϶һƪǳĹ
⹦Ǹʲôõģֳһ£򹦷̫ˣȫ벻š
뵽ÿһʱ㶼ɽĶȿȻŴϼصĶһҪѵһֻʺڶ龳Ĺ
ǬԪڵĹʱ϶ᴫڸɵĶʱĹϣջ£Ϊʲôʽ¼ȥصֻŪһֻɽĶǿһ飿
ֱؾã⡣Ҳߣķԣǰ˳򲻳©ٳŵݣ񹦷ʵݸǹ
뵽˴ɽԮ
ԮǬԪڵļˡ
뱳гģ©ٳĶ֮󣬴һ⡢⡢⡭һƪɲ
񾳣ʿһʲôĻûɹֻǽЩΪ
ǰҲ˫޵£ñֶβɲʿˣ˫ޣ˵ɲİܿ׼ȷжϡ
˵˵ϡǡһƪɲɫһ±òҰף߶µأ˵ˣԼޱ𺧡


95 
ʵ
벻Ŷ, 巢ģ۾ﻹŭйǵķߺ, һ㡣
, ӿˮ, Ŵŵض
Ȼûз, ȴܸܵı˺;޴İʹ
, ǾҵӦһ, ôһ˲, Լǲĳˡܿѹ, ϽҪǾòɲ, Ҳ԰һƪ˫޹
˫޸ɲõĹһģͬǣ˫˫ȡһڵ֮Уɲǵȡ, ǿ, ϾĸʿԸԼ˾ء
˵, ʱ˹ʱÿνӴɽõĶǣǿⲿɲ, , Ǳһһҹһһҹڸʲô𣿵Ȼʶɲ
ٴλһƪĵĹԿ϶, ʱʶɲ, ֱʶڲɲ
ϾȻ˿ͨӴ, ʶֱӾȡ˵óۣҲþ棬⹦Ҳ̫ˡ
֮࣬ԼǬԪʮ鳤϶ʱɲˣȻʮλűɵĶԴԴϵʱɲ
̫֣ܳȽϺĽ˫ޣʱЩǽ˫ޡ
ֲ˵ʱֻܵڣԭνĽ˫ޣ˫޵Ȼܿ˵ֻһһС
ʱڸʲôˣԽľòţʱôප˫ޣǰѱ˵¯ǰԼ¯ˣ
ȵȣ˫޲ƥʱƺͣԸж˫ޣֻ˵һʵʱǸ
ĶѽǿĴڣûһʿΪﵽ龳ʱǧŵһˣ
ǧŵһˣȻԸΪ¯ҲʱܹʿԪĵľ˫ޣ˫ޣȡǵ޵׶һϣᣬ׶龳

ô߽׵ĲɲӴ⿿ʶܽУһооܲɽֱʱ̣ʱģʵʵ˵ˣׯΪʲôҪ͵ֵ֮£ŲԼׯ롣
鸴ӵչһͷԷ籩ĴϷû꣬Ұ˫ҲУ˵겻ٹԼͷԷ籩Ū÷ҵˡ
Ҫֹʱ硱뷨̻ͷռе˼룺ҪһдֹۣʱΪ¯
˭ܶʱĴ治죬ͼȾָʱģģߣ˭Ҫ룡龳ҲУ
صǬԪɽ㾶ֱǬԪڴĽ˵˫ޡ룬߽ǬԪڴоһͶ͵ֹǰ
ǬԪڴ͵ʱ٣ȥٴΣ裬²ʱڴⲼ˽󣬽ֹԼȥ
ԼȫȫⶼΪʱãǣʱ羹Լʹһ֮һƨڴǰ棬ãʱǸʲôˣܵ
ҿ룺ʱȻ׵ģȴ϶õˣů͹ػķϣˣʹ˴ʱƽϷСˡʱ粻չԼػʱ硣
ʱ綼ѾǶˣǿĶ龳˭Ҳûʵǿȵʱ磬ǣʱΪʲô¯
ʱ磬Ҳ벻ͨĵطѵʲô
룬ԼȥҪЮʱ磬ʱ粻ò¯ԸˣҲʱҪЮţǱ£
ƫһԸģҰοҿ֮У˳Լ˼·ԽԽԶ
һʱ۵ӭᣬһֶЩǿʱĶʹ޵ҧгݣ޲ðȫɱ
ԼԹ԰֮࣬ڻѵʶһ㣺Ϊ̫ˣЩһֻݵĴڣֱ׷ԼΪôﵽ龳ʵչʱ硣
ڲôУôźݻֻͣϣʵʲôˡ
㶫룬ûȶãʱǸҢڴһҹһձȥˣʱ䣬˼񣬵ʱǸҢ
ûȶãһʱǸҢ˳
ʱԸһǴһĨǳǳЦ⡣ֻʱ㲣ίòЦӣ˺ģۡ
ٿǸҢɽʱģһɣȻάľޱĸ˷緶
˭ʵһݹ絴ļǶǲɲʱЧ
һ뵽ЩҢʱŭͺ⣬˿סԼϵļ⣬ڳһ۶ͯЦʱֽеʱ磡
ҲϢôʲôʱһ˵һһӣ÷ǬԪķͣת
з֮⣬Ϊ˱룬ððʧʧʶܵˡ
ǲ˺룬ѱ˫޵Ķ֡Щܻڣһ湻ݶһҲǹκβв
Цʱ㣬һ˽ʱ㻳ʱļ˵ʱ磬˼ˡ
ʮ꣬Ѿˣͷʱ㻹ԸһЩСƵԼҢ棬ʱЩѿһ§룬󱳣ʾһֵˣЦ
ƽʱҲʱôɣǹģµʱô˵ͷתͷŤյҢǰһ̽ӣҢʵЦô
Ңǧˣ̼̫ˣ⣬أڳʱĸ֮Уʣʮַܵ˵ţûС
⻰û˵꣬ȻĿڴһĴʹӦ죬һķЮۻķٱԼˡ
๥أסԼ˺ܹ֮Сȱ޲𹥻ֻҪ߲Զ֮ˣܵҹ
ʱҲСоεҡͷ̾⣬ҢͻȻ֣һǷЮŻ۵ķԼһ֮䣬ʱѾ˻񹦣ǱḶ́ʱסʱȫ
һʱϽ룬ͬʱ룬Ӷܵзâ
񹦸Ңʩķڼľ룬̱ӣҢʩųİԵ֮ķݺײڻϣһضɽҡı죬ŷ׵һȻըը÷ɳʯɽӲڴǰʯĹ㳡ϣըһ
˳ʮɣηͣ£ʱ˲ùģȿ롣ֻ뱻ˣһѪģϢ٣ۼǲܻˡ


96 

ʱ˵, Ͻͳһҩιͬʱ, ԴԴϵ, άỽ룡룡ôˣ
ʱѾĶԼĻ֮, ǱҢķشˣѪ, ȥ, һ, ѪˮƬð˳һ߿Ѫ, һǺʵû, ǼûУ
ö˶˵, ʲô
Ң˿֮ҲǸϽͳҩԣȻĿڰγһ˸΢ӨĶü̡ҢĿϵһ֪ǶüһŴζķ, 滹˾Ųӹơ
Ϊﵽ龳, 嶼üΪǿ, ɳͭƤǣȻ绢һ޶֮, ߽׷, ǸС˵õԼ
ҢһΨҶˣڱոս꾳Сʿд̣ܵ˵Ҫ, ǱΪԼܶð, , ŭġ
Ŷụ̈Ңʵʱʲô˼˶ƽɽž޴ջɽôͳȱʣ
ʱϽǸ˼СӼҼ̰棬ŲС˵ʵڱǸ˵òأЩ˵ҩ죬Ȭǰü̱Ǳ񣬻Цɣ¾ʹ˽ҹ
üʱںܾúܾǰƵһƵĶѾֵһˣʱװá벻뿴ⶫֳ֣дҢǿ͡
ʱ˵ͬʱһ߿Ѫһ߿ȴţҢأԷߺ޵ҧгݵҡҪɱ㣡
ǸԶ˵ֶ϶ƾҢΪһλСѣղųμ棬޳ԹΪҪɱ𣿡Ҳǿʱϣдһʡǰʶʣһ´ˡ
⣬ʱҲ֣Թ޳ģ֪˵ΪôΪʲôҪƴɱҢ
Ѫᣬغ޺˵Ҳɲҵʱ磬ҡҸƴ
ɲһʱҢ֪Լˣֱͬǲɲ˫ޡ
ˣΪʧѪҰ׵ɫŭĳ죬ȴǶûн£ÿһǰʱ統¯ãҡҡҡֻΪ̫ͣȻҰȫɱˣȫɱˣ
һ˵һѪʱϽ룬ҶʧѪ࣬һߣʶҢɽȥɣСӲ£ȱͺˣᣬҪϡ
Ңͨ˫ޣõһӶòĺôͷʱΪм
ȻͽʿͱһǸᣬҲƽϣͷʩȥ
Ңﳤɽҧгݣһһٵصңׯ룬ָģضҪѸڲɲʱ˸ϾɱԸʮ˲
Ң߳ԶˣԡںһЦ׮СԺ
Ǹ꣬꾳ôɱЩ龳ߣ걻һǷλǾ飬ˣʱҩ˻ҲΪһΪѴСҢ÷Ķ롣
˶ˣҪԣʱһʱûüֹҲͲ˵ʲôˣ̾һصάԼһǻߣ˫޵ԭίǲġ
صŵϣʱ㿪ʼˣЩЩʹ
û˵ֻһľǿ۾̺һᣬȴִز
ʱһ߸ˣһϸظ˫֮¡
ʵʱĿǷǳ򵥣Ҫݽߵķƫ̫ϡƶˡ
Ȼǿռ˴˷ɽͷɽͷ»һգȴһɵķûлָܲһɽͷȥռһɽͷɣҲ̫ǿԵˡңҲȺ֮ˣ
˵ôһɽͷһɽͷȥ鷳˵յٶҲ죬յȥʱ㵣żսĵħ֮Ȼ˼һ꣬һգҲ̫ʱգȱԼսǿס
޼ƿʩ֮ʣʱзŹ伮еһֲɲ棬ȡһͨתʮݵ⵹Ǹĺ÷ӡ
ȻʱôȥɲˣΪ˫޸˷ϵʿܣʱôܲ
ʱ޸˹֮ĳһֲĳλӴֻҪʶͿԴ໥ȡԷĸ߽׹
ȻʱԪԪʵ飬ãʵܳɹ˫ԼӶԷϾȡе⡣
˫֮Уʱ㻹Ԫ潲˵ں˵ϣԪѰԼĵ
Ȼʱָ֮Ԫоͣٶ겻ôΪͻ֮ף˵ԡ֪
ˣ´ˡѾûʱȥѰԼĵˣô㴥һ㣬Ԫ֮˵ΪҪ
˵ʱ˫ޣǽ֮Ϊ˫޵ҲС
ʵ˫޾˫ޣʱԲķظǽʱԸָһ·Ӷܹʹδĺܹʱʿ棬ԹĲͨոǸ
ʿΨͼȡᵱΪ׼ʱԸ⽫衹ļֵչָʿǿϣܹԼʵжϲǱĬظıʶ̬
Ҳһֱֵĵ
ֻʱĽĸ߽װ˫޹и̫õĵطȻûнӴͨʶܵõˮֻ֮֮УͨӴܵˮ֮Ӻ졣
ˣʱÿ˫ޣεԼĳЩУԸİ˹ˮ֮ҲΪʲôĶ˫ˣ϶ȻȻڲסĴɫʱȴһȻԭ
ΪԭͬʱҲЩǷ̫ľʱ¹أֻ˫һΣеڶΡ
ȻʱҲ˽ĵģϼصĹʵֻǰݣʶžȡͨطֻʱգֹ뿪֮󣬻ݱˡ
ߣʱԼõ벿ֽ˸ĽȡԷһתΪʮԴӿٶȡ
ʱ㲢ûае鶼룬ֻ˵˫ֻΪյʶ˫ޣ岢ûнӴ벻Ҫ̫ˡ
ȴֳǷĹִ죬ӯˮۣʱ㣺ʱ粻Ҫ˫ޣʱҪȡȡҵĺˡ
˵棬ᣬеʱ磬Ҫ˫ޣ۸㣡
ٺʱ磬Ҫ˫޺òãǻẦġ㣬Ҫ˫ޡҪ


97 
һΪ
ʱ벻Լ˫֮»ôǿҵķӦ, ǿҵô뽲ǲ, һҪٸ˫ˡ
ʱط, 벻ⷴԼ˫ޣһ˫޹Ϊɲ, ĵʹ޿ܲɲƶ֮, ˫Ҳʹˡ
ƽĶ, ʱҲʹ޲ɲΪ˫һֻݹӮΪȻ, ˫Ϊ, վ³, Ǽڶʱȡ, ʱ˫ޡˣʱ˫ޣ̸ϲҲʹޡ, Сë, ղʮ, ô˫޻ɲôʹ޿أĪʲô飿
ʱ㲻, һһ̲ͣظ, һϵر˵ɢעеʹ, Ҳһɢġ
ȵȶ֮, ʱΪʲôôʹ鿹˫ޡ
һʼ, Ĭţս죬˵ʱ㷴׷֮£ڲŷʵʱ磬֪ô֪ĸʲôҵʲΪʲôûһɿţʵʿܺãȴΪûҪɢޡ
Щ£벻˵ʱʡԸ˵ʱʣ˵š
ֳĬ˺þãȻһ׮ѿݵ£ֹ˺öΣ¶˾Ƶ˵ĸһ¯
Ǯһȥ׽ѰʵĺӣǺ磬ΪԤ¯һṩԴ̵Ϊ֮󣬱ɲǡ
¯׽ļҼһǲר˭ֻҪҪԲɲǡ
ЩΪﵽ꾳¯ᱻɸ߼Ʒóд͡
Ϊܹﵽ𵤾¯ǸȨ󣬻ΪߵĶʿר¯
Щ¯ʣ޷޷ۼԹɲʱΪͨˣͨ
ĸױһŮӡڱ˲ɲʱǰӡ¯ĺǲϵģΪͬһʱ䣬м˲ɲ¯˭֪ĸ˵ĺӣ
ҲɱӣΪĸʿĺӿ϶ʣһ¯
¯Ĳͬĸ׺׼ᣬˣӻ׽硣֮󣬵ӾĸײŲòǷ硣
һ˵¯ĺӣҲ¯ˣʲôɣո¯ΪӣٺãҲյġ
뽲÷ǳ̣·ÿһֶ˰̣ѪܵģµѪӲϹ
ʱˣΪβ׵;Żô˫ޣʹ޲ɲͬʱʱҲǳȣδĺ磬նΪԼͽʿ¯˾˱ҡ
ȻʱһֱԸ̫ǣĽʱԼӦһЩʲôȻѰΥĵ
ԺһЩʱǬԪڸ֣һݷңͷŻ¯Ըⷵ׽ģǻȥԸģһΪǬԪڵӣǬԪɽһЩģԺ󲻵ٻ¯
Լһ˴Ǯ¯ʱһ仰˵ͷűͷŵģ
ʼʱҷ𷴿ʱǿѹˡЩʱ˫޹Ķ붷֧ʱ¯ж
ⳡƺƴĽ¯жɵ㼰棬Ȼչбһɻ¯˳
֮ûһɸҹ¯
ΪƣƬҲ벻ʱ㣬ⳡжУһֱĮԹţһԡ
ҵشһʱʢһʱ
صɽϣʱЩȳ¯ǬԪɽɽǹ¯Ǳѹȹˣʮֻʱҳĵطܡ
ʱ㿪ʼ׼׽𵤾
Ժһֱʱ䷨άøΪǣս꾳һ£㱻ʱֱ䷨׽𵤾ˡ
˺ô죬ҲʱΪ֮ΪѾҢķ˵˸㲻ҲΪˡʿÿһͻƴ󾳽磬Ƕһȫ͸죬Ҫ뽡ػͱס
״̬нףܳɹᵤǣһ׹̣ȫʱԽ޴ңƵʱﷴˢ¼ܹ塣
ʹ쳣ҧţһҪȥҪػȥҪΪȥʵԣҪЩʱĶǸۣ
켸ҹķˢ¼ܹŻǾ
ڽṹѾʱޱ֮˵ʱѾ̤ɵͨΪǰδеš
Ȼ֮;ûʱһնȣǣĿʱһնͼ鳤ǾԲȾ֮˵ȥġ
ŵͬʣǷӡ
ʱѾ˽𵤾ߣ㹦ˣнᵤ
Լ꾳׽𵤾ʮС綼Լģȫʱ䷨ƶټԼܹ廹̫ӦⵤҲ᲻
ۿʱ佥ţٲᵤĽ׾ͻʧܡڽ״󾳽ʱʧܣͻᱻ̫ӯ޴ţ޴й
ʱһ߿Ľͷۿ첻ˣһҧֻðԼĽһΪŽ
ѽʿԣǶĶѽʱԼĽ𵤷һ룬Ϊ뿹ܵʱ磬ԣҪ
ʱ㲻ݷ˵һϣȵϻᵤ
֮Ž𵤣ЩɢҵĹһϷӵȥһһ㣬һһɣʵʵסǰŽ𵤣ڴﵽ൱֮ܶһųԲ裬߶ǿԽԽСԽԽŨҡ
ڼŨ֮ʱ͸һƽ⣬󣬺⽥ȥ⽥תΪһŽɫС裬ţһ͸ԶԶƮɢȥɣ
ɽ¯ᵽζһַǳȴַǳصŵζ֮ζ̫ͬѰˣһڣ̲סڶڣҪ䡣
¯ȫ̰˱ɵ㣬ͬʱϲʦֽ׽𵤾ˣ
Ũ䣶ֲ޹˵ζƮɢǬԪڸɽͷŵȫᵽˡв֮棺ҼǵȥʱǬԪɽҲ˽ᵤѵǰȳ¯м˽ᵤˣŶⲻص㣬صǣΪʲôǬԪɽĵ㣬ôŵζ
Աкö˷׷ױʾͬǾǣϴǸζһģһζ̫ˣԼǵá
ѲɣǬԪɽӵĵ㣬ζ


98 
ɱ¾
ŵ, ǬԪɽлеӴðˮЩڵʱ£ʱ, ˵Ųͽ˭֪, ֪ʲô裬ɽȥɨ¯, Ѽǧ¯ǬԪɽȫ¡ʲô˼
Աеӵѽ, Щ¯Ǽ, ʱǶڰɽ, ѵȥָһ, , ʦûʦ, ʲôģ
ʱһµķҩι߱˵òŽ״󾳽ԡ
׳ɹ֮, 嵽ʱǰ, ſڱʱô, ʵʱ㶼һ㶣ûӦ
һ߹еشʱ, һ˵ѽ, һ룬û𣿿ңҡҪǷֿ𵤻˺ʱ, Ըѽͳʱ硣
ʱ΢΢һЦ, û¡Ц˶ݳ硣
뾪ˣԭ𵤻ԷָˣΪʲô˵, ÿһʿѽ𵤿Լһ㣬ϰѽָһ룿
ǺǣʱЦˣ˵ҵĽ𵤿Է֣ǵģСɲɵ¡
Ϊʲô
Ϊҵĵǲʱڽ͵Խ࣬ջԽࡣջΪĿģϵĴʹȱհӦģջĻ
ʵһַǳǿĵǣ˵ıԶ˽ģϧԼһ
˼Զûдﵽ־磬ʱĻʣʱһƣͽнˣĥĥģȥ㡣
ȻᵤɹĽ׻ûɡոսĽ𵤣֮ԻеƮɢȥΪʿףԽ𵤵Ŀ̫ԵʡҪϰƽ𵤣ȵܿŽ𵤣㲻й֮ʱⳡײ
һ׽𵤾֮󣬶Ứѧƽ𵤣㡣ȴֻһʱ˵㣬ͨʿϵʱ䣬һࡣ˵ȷʵʱ˺ܺõĸ졣
Ȼʱȥ׽𵤾ʱֻһʱ˵㣬ûȵġ
õ㣬һԾȥҵʱ㣬˵Сһ㣬Χʱߣĵֱױһеʱ磬ֻһһʱ䣬˵㣬ǲǺ
ӣú֣ܿܿģԸʱǬԪɽϾôһӡ
ֻϧϣһӵҸżʱ㱻ˣǬԪɽϣһλɵĶ
һӳ嵽λǰʱ㻤󣬶ݺݵĵǸʣʲô˭ģҹ
λÿھ˵˫޵ģڴʣʱϽº͵ɵص񣬿ȥ
һѣ˦ʱ֣еʱ磬ҪЩ˫ޣǸ㣬һǹԻģ
Խ˵Խˣʱ㳯λǸЦЦԵȣץס㳯ȥ
벻ϻȥϵüˣƿڴ۴ʻʮһ׽о
粻սҶƾʵ˵һԲϾͶôۻహּĻĿɿڴ
̫ˣʱҲʩһ䣬ˡ
뷢øֻΪʱ̫ˣãǱʱϽţɿزһ󣬰档
ţҶȫʱղصƷôҲ𺦵ʱ棬
֪ʱҪʹ֮£ȴ赲ʱ磬һûסһ
ٴ¶ģһҪŬٶȽףܱʱ磬ɱЩʱĹǣ
ðˣϴΣðȻҢд̣ѪĽѵһ㡣
λ뿪֮ʱ뻹ڽУֻʶСүţһ죬ɱ㣡
λΪȣûе밡Ϊʲôֳôĵ⣿
ųݻǸŸս׽𵤾Сʿֵö⣬λЦһɽȥˡ
ʱų֮ϸϸشʱ磬ȷʱ粢ûܵ˺֮󣬱ǰ²ᣬֱһɵģƴ֮⣬˼ڶʱ翪ϡ
ÿʮ±һλɽʱ˫ޣá
ɽĶ֪ԼˣÿζЩŭĿӣȴٶȻÿ˫ɽ֮ʱԼġɱ¾桹
ӱڿʹĽţһתһȥˡ
գǬԪɽٴξۼƣǬԪڵǣʱ׺ϵ
׽٣ߵڴСĳȻʱǰߴΡ
⻹ʿһο׽٣Ҷ²⣺ѵ˭ͻ˶龳׺ϵˣ
ͻƽϵ˭ҵͷԼͬӿһ֣ʱ
ʱΪָ򣬳ʱ֮⣬˭ôϵɹ
ҶǬԪڷɳ۶ȥҪ֪ʱ׺ϵ֮󣬻ʲô״̬
أǬԪɽӵǬԪڵĵӣЩǬԪڵʿΧԶԶ
ȻԶԶҲܸܵ׽ٵͱ壬ٶ룺׽ٵ׽ǿ̫ˣңҿ¿ס
׽֮󣬽ɢ¸ءڳʿϽͳƿƿ޹ռءǿٵһϵأǼϡ
غܿ㽵ˣһƾ棬һϼε֮Ѥϼ⡣
˷ĵһϵһɣʹ˵ˡ
еʿЩѾʿ޲ܣ˵һϵʹʱɸָģֻҪʱɵָŬδܽ׺ϵ
һɨǷЩǻǰδе飬ǳ̤֮·ʱһٴγ˸ɾ롣
ҲܸˣΪʱ׺ϵΪ֮ϣظòٸ˫˰ɣ
ȻԸܿ㱻ˣʱײʮ죬жӦɽ
ģһ³˹ȵףʱ絽Ҫ˫޵ʲôʱ
λ˫ɽ֮һΣûƼװʲôûзӣֱ˳ʱ磬ѾĵһˣΪʲôͨأ
ɲ˫ޣֻܼӿ룬ֱΪҪΪҪģԼ˵ףɲ˫ֻһֶָΣǳ
ʱѵõ̾һͷտʣĿǲţ˵ǲǵãǰҴϵҵ㣿
ǵã뵱ȻǵáǸı˵һҡ
ʱұ߹㣬ݽߣŻҪǳڵΪʱ˵ڣǰҪҪһʵ̫ˣ̫ˣԶԶ
ʳһؼʵʱ磬Ҫô


99 
Ľ
ʱ, ʱ飬ԽԽѾˡҲ˵Щͬ, û, ħս졣
սϣս˲Ϣ, ˭֪뿪սսеˣսˣֵܼܲȥ
ｹ, ʱֻܰοԼսǶһ, Ҫ̫ǡ
ʱҲ֪, ĿǰҪ, ǸϽ, , ƿ硣
磬뿪磬硣̶ȣʱµ뿪֮ʱ, , , ǰʾиܵĹ̺׼
ʱָָ, ˵㿴, 㿴ĵطڸħ̡սͷĴŻֻͷ, Ҳܷȥ, ²μս
ʵ, ѾʧˣָܡֻҪһ룬׼ȥʱ䲻ѽ
һգգؿʱ㣬˺ܾã˵ʱ磬Ҫ뿪ˣȥ˶٣øʵ뿪ʱɲԡܲܡҡ
ʮ꣬･֮ˣҲˣʱһԼʹ̫ͣá
ܣҲûסʱ磬ΨһССԸܸʱһ뿪ʱҪȥﶼνֻҪʱܴ
ǸСӣʱв̣ļ磬˵ÿԼ˭Ҳˡʱļ磬İο˵룬ѹѾûˣֻҪŬմ񣬽԰һһҲ֮ڣԼʵʱطꡣ
֮ڣʱ㣬ճյ룺Ҫһٴμʱ磬ֻµʱǵʱ糤ʲôˡҪһദĸ飬ʱĥʣʲôԼİ˰ɡ
ν֮ط꣬ʱ簲οһűˡ
뵽˴ֻޱȵľһûܿƺԼű۱סʱ㣬ͷʱļϣԵҪߣʱ磬Ҫ뿪ҡʵ֪ô󣬶ûõġ
벻ǵһαסʱʲôʱˣ׽𵤾֮󲻾ðɡ
һβһסʱ֮󣬵һθоԻʱ壬쳣ϤУǶʱϢĳλȻɳܵأˣ
òҶ
벻ǵһαԼʱ㲢û⣬Ҫ뿪ˣСӶ͵ǲˡôʱǸоȻӲˣţŷĳλһӲᶥסʱ΢΢һ漴ӲǺˡ
ʱ㶼ǻϰˣʲôûоˣþ棬ΪҲʮˣ֪Ľˡ
һЦıģ˵Сӳء
仰޵ݣſʱ㣬ҿʱ磬һתͷҲƵܿˡ
ȵǬԪɽתתȥε˺ôȦŽƽϢӲŽָ˼
ȣԼǲϲʱˣ
ϲȻϲġһֱΪʱ绳һ飬ȴ֪飬Ѿ֪֮䣬۰ͰͿʱûû˵˫֮ʱһδζЩǷųɱ¾֮ʱʱĽ
Σʱ緢仯ʱķӦʱ粢ûûϵؾֻܾЦһ䡸Сӳˡǲ˵ʱ粢İĽ
֪˿ܵõʱĻӦֻϣʱĬĬذţͺá
ˣʧҹʱʶؼʱЩ̧͵ʱ㣬ʱûʱ㻹ǰǳЦӯӯ˵͵Ҫ֮Ժ£Ҫ
ѿڶʵʱ磬㲻𣿡꣬ˣǻһͷС¹ڿԾҪһ㡣
ʱ̧֣°ͣߺӣһһıĽ𣬴ϣԼ۳γС飬ʱͷпĵطһ£ſ°ָͣḧЦ˵ǰûע⣬ԭ㳤ôÿͿ뿪ˣСһһЩɡ
ʱûúÿһӿ·Ծ
ֻϧĿĲųʮ죬ǬԪɽһһΣðɡǣ֪ûʸð𣬸ûʸʱж
֮ͷ֮࣬͵͵עʱ㣬עʱһһ
֮ʱɿžף׶ɽپ
ʱ֮ô׺ϵΪʱԲ컯ĳʱһֱֵĵҪºϵ
֮ô׶ɽپΪʱѾ˥
ҪѭⷽĹһ飬·ףƿⷽıݡʱⷽĹȱٵģֻͷ
ţǰΧʱɽ׵ʿĿ֮£ûн¸أǽ˾ŵ˵ɫס
ʱϣðĴŹ绡ĵ㺮£ⷽƺĳ˵ı仯շƶʿĻ̡̻
ЩվλúãԼǷɿķ֮䣬ƺһѺۣǻûüʲôѺ֮ʱʱɴһĴŹ绡һԾͶѺ֮С
ʿûпǵѺۣУֻʱ׷֮Уɿգڼ߼ԶİУʧˡ
ǬԪɽϣɽߣؿһСһйƽ֮ŷ
ٱ֮ʣʱռ䷨͸ȻⲢҪ
ʱǰ죬ƤŵӣҪʱ˫һ
ʱ㲢˫һҪʶ˫ޣҪͨʿ˫ޡ
Ǹǳ΢ʾȷرʾʱ㻳һֲͬЩ뷨
ʱһֻ뵱һʧȥĸСϧ֮֮ǾԲϲҲԲϲ˷ܹϵϴǾܾˡ
СʱĪۣ͸Ϊ
ʱƿǷ֮ͣظսǷ꣬˫ޣʵָֻĳɡ״ָ̬òãʱѾȲˡ
ȴϵ֮ʱսȻѾˣսȻˣȴҲȻҪģŴţƬƬħˣһϴؿ泩
ʱһصͥɵ۸֮󣬴Ҹɸ
ȹһƽ¡Ȼʱ㽥֣ƽ֮Уƺйɰӿɣǰ౶
ʱвԾʼвãջЩ̨ǣϵɹǵȥʱӵһϢ˵ƴǧһɱ˿ħ


100 
ɱ¾
ΪʱƿǷĻ, ʱǷʱǷΪơ
Ƿʿ̫˽˶ŷǿʳĴַ, ʱϣԼָ, ļԣ, ΪƣҲʱǷף
ôȥ, ƴǧûһʿ, ʱԴ˲, ȻôϢ˵谭Ƿʿ׵ɱ˿ħ
뿪ƴǧ֮, ʱ㲻ûǸŶʮ, ÿʮʱ, ʱܻ̲סһЦ
Ѿ֮ܳΪˣⶮ֪Ľٰˣһеӽ˫޵, á
ʱһ, , ǰûΪ
쵽λ, Ѿں˵ˡΪ, Ѿû˸Ҷˡ
Ȼ࣬ûһ˵ʱʾϲ֮⡣û˵, , Լûʶʱ, ʱѾ֪ϲˡ
ΪϲһˣǱ飬Ƕ˼ǲزסġ
½һɬ۶ֿϲʱĪĶ
ƴǧ꣬һ棬ȻһֱļƿǷ磬Ԯս
һ棬ǸǸ꣬սĮģ΢΢ļ¶ʹǷδĺ磬˲һ
ٴйǸϢǰˡɱ˿ħ˺ţǸΪֺ׺ˡţǸĶ龳Ϊ
ʱʱ䣬꣬һգ˼һĹ㣬뿪ƴǧǧң׶龳ˡٶȣ죬Ҳǡ
ɱ˿ħ˺ţȻһһϦóģ׶龳ѵʱ䣬Ӧø̡
ʱƴǧľɵ۱ʱǰƴǧȥ̽һɱ˿ħǵǷŭԹ֮
ʱ½磬ѡϢؽǬԪɽɽ׼ĵĵ뿪
룬ǬԪɽϣʿڶɱޱȲҡ
ʱû뵽һ½磬¡µģָԤ޹֮£ʱ㵱ʩһʿ֮䴩ж
ΪնĶսϣֱͥŲһ㣬дϵķһߣһΣķ羰
ͨ۲죬ʱ㷢֣ʿԵǿ룬һǬԪڵӵͳһɫȻǷصһҧܶҪֹһɽ粽á
м񾳣϶ˣҧɽͨȲõ󷨣ˣǿضסɽͨɽ߶ϧͬھ
ǿһŸַɫӦĸֹɽмкü龳Զɽһɵʵǿ
ܵԤȲɽϵƺ͹֮еţˣʵԶطҲûѸٹɽȥ
ʱ㷢֣ɽһҲв˴ǬԪڵӷɫǬԪɽǬԪڵЩΪʲôҪͬˣԼŵɽͷ
ʱɽĵǱ˴˽¹ţ˵ֻҪټһȴʦֺϵɹͿ԰Щҹɽȫˡ
סǬԪɽϵĴʦ֣˭Ӧɡ⵱ڣȻںϵɽЩôСʦ֡
ŶˣЩӦǵԼɽȵЩ¯ɣʱԼӣˣҲǬԪڵĵӣֲôǬԪڵķɫ
ԭֻǧʱ䣬ӽ𵤾׶龳ڳϵٶȣǸܸܵġ
ԼЩɽɾ׺ϵ׵ğn֮ʱʱ򣬽һٻɱ
ǸɽʿҲ³һƬ˴˹˵ϽƻۣһҪ֮ǰȥ֮ʱǸɱ˿ħΪϱѪޣ
ʱᵽĶλɱĳĳΪ죬ϸϸȥȫ޼䡣
Ͼɽʿʵɽʿ̫ˣɽʿȻ߾ȫȲõ󷨼ӳ֣ҲȻסսһɽƽ
ڣս߱ɽʱһȥǰǬԪڴǰľ޴㳡ϣһɵݵ¥֣
ǰһ꣬һϮ˿Ĵۡ
ʱΪѾȥǧˣܱһȫİòȴ룬ȻһֱԼ뿪ģ
ƴǧɱ˿ħ
Щڹɽʿһʱۣ׷׽ŸԼѳ𣬷һɽʿǵɱ˹ȥ
ʮᱻ˵òɱΣҹݱƽο׽ٽ£ǲŲܹȥſءˣǳ嵽һΧ֮ڣͳԵķʩŷ
ͷۣڴʱ¡¡ը죬ߵλס
ʱ㿴мַڸһ𣬴롣Щôãѡ׺ϵʱ֣׼ˣײֻܷܿһ㣡
Ҫ׳ɹʱ򣬱㲻ֻܷӲ
кЩʿһ߳ƴʩչһ߻Ī˽ķʩչҪ׽֮¡
ǧƫƫҪɱ¾ƣɱ˶ٶľǷʰ
ҳ£һʩչŷһ߲áйߣǶ֮á
ʱҲЩ˵Ľ֮УһЩ뿪֮
ǧԭ뾹ѡɱ¾Ƕôѵһѽ֤ܵɱ¾
һŹ绡ۻҵķ⻪ʱ㿴ԾɶֻϴŵϮ˿۱׵ˣ¶˴һϮۡ
ʱϵãǰƵķۣвٷõúãӦܿ׽٣˳סһ׽֮ͣ٣ŵڶ£ЩǰʿҲ׽µĽ࣬ƴʩŷˣǾ۸ʱֻܷӲ
һ£ʱԶԶţо״̬пɡʱ㲢׳֡
Ȼߵ֮˶ɵ񣬹עŶǰӰ
ǱǺɱˣ˳ˣÿ˶עص㡣
׳ɹΪⷽʱ֮󣬵ڶϵɹʿӳΪ˺ϵɣⷽ绹׳
ڴҵעĿ֮£վ̧
ֻĵһ׳ɹˣǺϵˣ
ǣΪʲôûнºϵأ
Ȼ罦ѪЩѪ罦˲ķѣ
ʱһһӶӳͬʱĬз䣬ʱһ͡
ȻʱɿذȻ壬ƴ˻ȥֳΣе룡
־δĽʱ㣬ϲ˵ʱ磬ˡ


101 
ʱǧ
ʱ㼱˵, Ҹˡ˵ţķͽ塣
꣬ǽʱİŽ𵤲ųɹ׽𵤾, һ, Ȼķйͨԡôһ㹲ͨ, ʱܽά΢
ʱ㻳, , ðȻдҢ, Ңһֻһ, ǱʿǺˡ֮, ´޽, Ҳ졣
һҲģ֮ǰؼһֱĵ׵, ÿ, ϲ̵˵ʱ, ϢҰЩ, ˫޹Ķ, ȫɱˣһ©
ʱβ֪飬⻰, ͷһѡɱ¾ԭ򣿡ֲǬԪڻһ𹥴ǬԪɽ, ԭԼɵĶ鳤Ҳɱˡ
˵ǲ˫, ǳΪǰ֮ͽʱһˣ˫ޣָôأҷҪɱǵʱұѡҵĵɱ¾ҵħִֻɱɱǣҲն̤ء
СӶԼ˫һ£δ̫ƫִЩʱ͵Ҹǣʶ˫ޣ岢޽Ӵ
ʱ磬ؽ̹£ںô룬ҲЩ֮ͽºͷֻɱǲܸɾ
ɵô꣬ʱһֱƽ޲ľⷬ΢΢֪ϲ಻ϲϲԼǱ˵£޹ءôԼǱ˵£޹ء
ǣû뵽㰮ϧϧȵز
һܹʼѹأϰˣأںˣٺǿˡûгֹôһȫȫάñԼԼĵҪˡ
һôϲţôţôϧŵĸоʱ񣬾ҲЩж
ˣûʲôù˼ɵģͷĻһ˵˳ʱ磬ֻҪ뵽Ǹ˫޹Ҿͷѹ㡣Щ뷨ÿÿҹÿÿ룬ÿһָǣңңɱˣֻаȫɱ⣬ͷŻúЩɱ¾ҵľꡣ
̧ͷʱ㣬רעֳңȴһ㣬˵ʱ磬ϲ㣬֪ôǣһҪɱǲİΪһֱڳԴסʱ磬ЦҰɣҾôһǳˣǧ꣬ǰѲ˷ӵİޡܿЦǰɣ
һ˲䣬ʱܸܳԷ뿪֮ϵı˺;ôǿֳ־õʱδֻܸɰͰ͵ذοЦġ
ʱĻƺİο룬۾һôǰʱĿҿҪˣʱ磬ܲһԸҪ˫һΣҪʶ˫
û˵ʱף䣬Щɺԥ
Ǿܻ߳ðˣôϲҲôһϲ룬˴ϲˣ˴ϲ£Ǻ¡
ԥֻǲ̫ľ˫ޣЩ˫޲ͬǻ¡
ʱԥţѸȥԼĻϲˣ˵˳Ѿûʲôȱˣһ˰ɣǸ뿪ʱˣ˷ʱķˡ
Ц˵ʱ磬ҡʱ޹£ֻһ縯࣬䲻ʱ磬ԭˣʱֵøõˡ
˵꣬ȥʱת䷨֣뿪ʱ뿪ʱѾ۵̫ˡ
ȴ룬ʱסýģ˿ɣȻʱ籧һת
⣬ֻ¼ǧʱͣӡԭصʿȻֳԷһУȴһ֪
һ˫ޣԲһͼ䣬ȥʱʱģһӿˡ
֮ʿֻءһˣԶˡ
ʱѾΪǰȻȻһӿ˵ĸоֿĸоĻţȻˣڲ֪֮ʱ룬ѾͨѵĹϵ
ֻһ˲䣬ʱһشľͨͷųsƴĹǧ꣡
ʵʵʱݣСΪԹߣ͵һ¹ȥʱ⡣
ʱ»صǧǰһ¿ʼʱһνǬԪɽɽʱǬԪɽﻨ㣬һ͡ʱ㻹Զļ˵˵ЦЦ
ãǶš뵽ǧǳм˴ǵ˵ЦԺ󣬻ԿԼǰá
ţʱܵĲ·ľѪһӳƵġһ˲䣬Ҫˤ֪Իʱ⣬Χıɡ
ڽǧʱÿʱÿ̶ʹɡ
ңʱ㲻Ҫɣòͷ֧ⷽ磬ЩʱݣңƶҵתƵԼϣݱⷽ粻±
ֱݵǧȥˣʱػ죬ⷽתΣΪ
ǣʱһ㲻ڣʹɽ
Ҳ˵δʿɣɽ𣿡ﴫ
ҡ
ʱ磡紺紵˱ѩᣬһɻϲ֮⣬شɿܳʱ㣬ͬͶһ㣬һ˽ʱ㻳еˣΪ㲻Ҫˡڻϲʡ
ʱ֮ʱ͵رһˣʱˤǣůůģеɬɬģ꣬úúõģûкڻϻûմȾѪһжü
ʱȻԼһ˾ˤˣһϽʱ㣬ô¡
ħ˵ˣʤˡʱԲʵԭ룬ں㣬Ȳˣ͸ˡ
ʱ׿ڳϵԼĹʡСطʱصСľżϡ֮䣺ͺãˡ
ӣʱҪɣȻûˣȴֻܴﾲżȥɽָһ¼ӣʱ䣬ߣԴ̵ķʽ뽲˵Ϊеͣʱѡġ
֪ôģʱɻعǬԪɽϢ˳ȥ׷֮󲻾ãԪɽˡ
ɽ֮󣬱ȥȻ󣬱ǬԪɽʱɡ
ܼԪ棬ʱоܸˣΪܼԪ棬˵ʱݣЩµĶǣţ뻹ûҵɱ٣ҲûΪУ´ŭ
һлüı䡣
ʱĸоˣݸ˱ֳǶԪĵãԵú顣
Ԫ涫ظʱɿˣԼֱ棺ɣðɵ޽¡
Ԫ滹û˵꣬á۵һʱ͵ǬԪ͵߿ҳĽ֮Уһ˽


102 

ʱ㲻ɫվ, Ԫǰһûסˡ
ͬʱ, ҲԪĹ, 룬ϾŸս׷, Ԫһ󾳽磬ʵ
, ʱ֮ǰ, ӷ񾳿ʼ, ѾܹԽ׻ɱ龳, Ҳ˵ʵʵ, Ϊǿ
Ԫ, ˭ɱ˭һ
ʱ㲢еκһܵ˺ˣм䡣
ֱֱؿʱ, һ, ͸ʱ, Ԫϣߵƥ, ʱ£
˼, ʵһ㣬ֱԪķԪǶ, 벻Ǹ, ȴԪ治Ծĵ
ʱϽ߳, ö񡣴˵£СĪ졣
Ԫ䱻һʱסܿѹ򣬱˵˵£СĪ졹֮Ļʱ˵ˣ㲻˵ȴصƥʱϳͷ϶һֱ⼸꣬ƤΪǵÿ죬£һֱռıˣߣҪƥ򣡡
꣬ʱ˫һõʱɵָϣԡ˳֪ǧûдΪ˽档
ɽ⼸꣬ΪѾ龳ףС磬ԪҲչˡ
ͷʱɳ˾ͨ𣬽ݻһǻ˼Ľ˴λɽ̲סǰ¡
ȻģҲǴʹµһԭ˭ǰõĸ֮󣬶еڶΣΡ֪ٲеڶ˸ǰõĸˣҪڶΣΡΣõķӣǵ޽¡
Ԫʱ£ڶֿصС˼ֻһССԭܸôָ·һ£Լô
ңͷһССĸоʱɶԼ˫޹ˣֻʶ˫ޣҲ˫ޣ˫ܱ˴˳Ƿǳ׽ǳܵĹϵ
˫Уʱɻϸָ⣬ԡֹ֪̽ġ
ˣܾʱɣرģڲͬģǶ΢ˣⱲӵ֪оûܱʱɸ˽֪ˡ
ˣȻҪΪ¡
ԼС˼Ȼ䱻żСһڽƲ˵˵úʱµҪԭƵģԪŭվ߳˵ʲôǾĽʱɣ˵ǰ
ǿСʱϵֵܵķϣѾһȥˡ
Ԫֻô뷨ǻ֪ԼܶСӶ֡ȻȴһȳԪ˹ȥ
ֻʱ֪ԸԼ˫޹ĶǶŨҵĵ⣬Ѿˣм䣬ǰռλãָĶһķ
ԼôһɱУϤʱϣ۵òУϽ˷ʱ㣬Ҫ鿴ʱûбԼš
ʱԱһ񾯸صһۣתԪǸȻһЦ˼޽֮룬ʧˡ
Ԫһ£ֱǬԪһԪ֡
ֹǶ֣ܽ⣬ֹһΣֹһǧһΣȻмһûмʱֹ񲻾ǰˣ
ҪԶǵļޣķӣƲԼЩǵĹϵǵļޡ
ˣʱԪ¾ܾʮָɴȻ㲻Ϊ룬ҲûиЩµ뷨
Ȼʱ̬֮Ԫͬʱһ
ԪûΪʲôܾܵշѹԴֹסʧ䣬ʱһ¶ֱǶȥ֪ʱɵĲ̫ˣûʲôϣֻôһ˿Σײһǽ޷ġ
һֱʱţԪɽ
ʱûнͣûаοЩ£Լ
˵Ҳ֣Ԫ֮󣬺漸ʱ½½вٶǰǬԪɽϰݷãֱԣתʾٳʱ¡
ǶԪһһԸؾʱɶԼģڲͬģʱɶ˵֪·ˣһİ¡
˫⼸ѰУָоԽԽǿңԽԽˣ˵ʱɾܾ˺ܶ˵£֪Լ³ɹĿ΢΢ǻǰ̵ɽ¡
ſɲȱ󣬱һĽᣬʱƣǻԽԽڡǽ׶ɽپµĽΪǵҵ
ǰ£һΪͷǵãΣһ棬ҲΪ˾˽Ľᣬɽپҵ
ǣŲܶǵ뷨ÿЩ¶һ֮⣬ʳĹһצǰѪͷֱһҪȥ
ʱԴзԵԼ˫޹ǵ£ȫԥɵһھܾˡ
ʱһ̬ȣЩǵĵͼޣɢһЩ
ʱͷĬĬһ㣬ⷽԼ꣬ǰٶλ˫޹ʱ֮ľŰ꣬˳׶龳壬ٶ磬ǳʱ֮ĵһˡ
׶龳֮󣬱ҪȷԼġһȷ㲻ܸġ
һֱʱ㶼֪Ѿڲɱ¾ˣʱ˼ôıġʱȴ֣ġѾˡֻص
ʱ֮࣬Ϊʲôޡֻصˣ
뿴ʱ㣬صʱ磬һһǲһսУ˲ȬˣŻҹ
Űʱճɵ׶֮ʹͬʱҪϵͷ֧ⷽ粻
ƫֺⷽϡû֮Ĳ䣬㣬벻ʱҲһȥһǰȥ
뿴ʱһϸ΢ı仯ͷܾʱʲô
Ȼʱ壬ΪʲôһһǬԪϡҩҩ裬Ƴøʱ塣ٶϡҩҩȥʱ㻹һǰȥ
벻ΪʲôΪ֪Ϊ̫ˣ޷ϵ¡ֻĬĬعʱ硣̤붴龳֮ϷѾгɾ͵ġɱ¾תֻص
֮ˣһ̤֮·һǰֻءԶɢٲػ˼䣬¿ʼ
ţˡֻصֻصİأʱгһգ治䣬סʱĻǣֻء
Ȼ뿴ʱ粻ֿǲڵģʱأôأ
ǣֶʱĿǰһһǰܵ״Ϊǣһֱ֪䣬Ϊʱ¡ֻء·


103 
Լӷ
ʱתһǧ˰ʱ, Ңɹ׺ϵΪƴǧʱ֮󣬵ڶ̤ϵʿ
ʱݻ֮ǰ, ֱ뱻ʿȺŹ, ⷽ綼û˺ϵɹҢĳɹϵⷽϵ, ʱǿ£ʼ޸ؼˡ
ƴǧ״, ͨ׵㽲, ǣʱǿлʱ, ҵϵһ, ⷽ硣˺, ⷽһֱһϢ, ʱ⣬֧穣ǿάϵûб
Ңĳɹףʱ֪һǧ˰, ⷽڴ, , ڿʼܹ޸ˣ¶˳Ҵϵ, ֿԴЩ¶ϵ, ݳµϵⷽ˹ʼµ
ʱȻһ, ܵѹûмᡣ뿴ʱԾһǰȥ, ޱ, ˼ӽ֮⣬̲סЩŤʱ˵ʱ磬˫ްɡ
Ƕ龳ˣԳܵʱȡ͸Ըʱ¯ֻҪʱת
ʱЩȻʵô˵˫ˣ
һĿ˫޶ʱ˵ֻһֻȡֶζѣأἰ˫޵ôȻ
˫һֱͷʹȻʱѾܾЩ˫޹Ķǵ£Ⲣǵļޡ
Щƾʲôõʱ˫ޣôϲʱ磬Ϊʱκ¡
ԣҲҪʱ˫ޣңҪЩʶ˫ޣҪ˫ޣҪӵʱ磡
ǣߣе㷢飬ֱ˵ֻⷽˣһһ̫ⷽϡƶˣ㲻зͨ˫޾ȡǶ龳ŽףԸ㹩ӦˣֻҪʱܺ
ʱǰҪɶԻ˺ԼĲģʵ屾ͦǿģǿǬԪصҩιӨļ͸죬ʾѪӯ״̬á
ֻʱ˽⣬͸壬ܵʱľ״̬ʮǰܡΪһѾɣ״̬״̬ҪŻôʱġ
Ǻǣ˵ɵʱʧЦǰΪڸħսĹ˷żƫ̫ⷽϡѣҲ˫Ǹӡֲֽȱ˫ʲôĻ״޸ġ
òײŹ˫ޣװݣ죬˼ҾҪ˫Լһֱ˵òһ㲻顣
뱻ʿȺŹһҾ磬ʱ˼һ̾һе飬һᣬϣЦã˫ޡ
Լϲˣٶʿ˫޹Լ˫ޣܷĸϣ޷ܣ޷ͻ
ʱԼ˫޵飬οʱ֮ǰѾ˫޻ùˣʱֳ֮Ϧദһǧ˰꣬ǳˮ¾ãܸܵĸı䣬Ҳܸܵϲ͹ġ
ʱ̶ɺҵʱ˵Ϊ͹ػֻôһϲԽԽϲԭԼϲһѰҲԱòôѰС
ʱĿʼһʱ䣬ʱ㻹ڹԼǧʱ⣬̫嶯ˡڽʧֵֻ˷嶯ľٶ
ˣҪ˫ޣʱ㲢Ť󣬸˴ϲˣ˴ϲ£õ¡
ƫʱӦʹ죬飬ᵹϣһξߢģͷֲʹˣоԼǳʱ֮ʣ۸ʱһ㡣
ߣŲأһתͷ뿪ˡ
֪ʣµҲȥˣڼмλͻϵУֻһ˳ɹϵʧܸգǳɹʧܣⷽ˳عϵ֮ڽָڽȶ
ʱ㿪ʼһһⷽ粻Ҫ֧Ҳ֮ʱ뿪ʱ
һֱⷽ硣ͥҪȥεȴȥ
䣬½֮ʱѾͥ춯ͷ½磬ʩչΪǧʱ⣬ʱֲˣѾȥʱ䡣
֪ַʲô£᲻ᷢɿƲԤ֮£
ʱ⣬룬᲻ᵼĳЩһЩС̨Щ̨ȡ޳ɹǣȥ
Ҳʹ˫֮ȡԴﵽ֮ʱⷽٶλ˼ľԨԴ
ȻȻ¶Ļʱ⣬Ȼ᲻룬γٶλµľڤڤ֮еƶ
ͬʱҲٶλһβɱͷĻ᣿
һһǰԵ
ʱ²⣬ϵҲһֱߣҲпܴŶֲܹⷽ˳¶ϵջָۻ
뵽Щʱ㵹Ϊɿ̨ܱΣϾǵɱ̨ҲǹֻԽԽ뷵硣
һḶ́ڼ䣬ʱⷽһеķֲ̲ԼעУϢʹ˱졣
ȱ̲ѿ֮ʱߢˣĳɷ̲裬øá룬˸㴼֮⣬һ͵аРĹЧã԰ԣⲽ;
ʱ磬Ҫ𣿡ӹҶʳƾֱӦ뷨
ʱ㲻صţˡĪҪģҲҪ룬úȺȲ裬ͻƶɽپܷ磬ʱطꡣ
뵽ʱ㲻һֱ½磬ѾԤں׼ѹֻʵ磬ʱ绹ϲңסһ𣿡⣬˺þãʳˡ
ᡣʱ㲻ټ⣬̧ͷ͸ã񷣬ǡ֪ɲȥ
ڵĻ屻ǧͿˣҲĵüݽߣ֪û졣
ֱӷҲν˱ûع磬Ȼ
ǣⲢľ󣬻ҪѴʱʹͻϡ򲻵ѣʱ㲢һ
ʱ˵⻰ǳǵӦʱ磬û£ء
ʱǧĴ𰸣Ļϲ۵ϵ̵Цݣγ꣬˸Ĺâ
ǧʱ֮ʣٴκϵһûʿǵȺŹ˳ϵɹΪϵɡ
Ϊ˲ףʱ˵ɽЩһԹϵ
ϵɹеĸˣӭռźϵ֮ʱֻѾһ˲ƣ˰ɽеʱ磬죡
ڵӻûзӦͼǵĴʦ֣һèһͷʦ//£ʦڼͷϣһһʣڶȥ
л˵
ܻͣ죬һ֮ڣȫᡣϣһ£ʹ뾴ڴ


104 

գ֮, ԼѾϣоԾʱܿ㷴Ӧ, Ծײʱ, ŻҪôʱ״, ǿз
ʱҲ飬ȷʵз뿪, ȷʵҪİ, ɿԼĲ, 뿸, һ߶֮, ʩչ, ǿд˺ѳһʱͨ
Ծʱͨһ˲䣬ʱһ֡һգѾѱ˴˵⣬ݸ˱˴, һоڲС
뿴ʱǰһ, ǻ, ӡԺ߾Լܣʱоȥ, ص֮, ³һѪ
ڽ֮ĽײԾ֮У׸ص, ڤ, Ϊ, ҲԻָһоɵˡ
ȶ֮Żվ񷣬૵ʱ磬ң
ص磬ʱ̱ڷ̨ϣԼ½һΣֱƴǧ磬ŰɶԻĲ˺
ǣûϼ㱻ɿֵ콫ŰΧΪÿ콫ٴһ㣬Ÿ߶ȵľ衣
ʱ㱾ʹʱ̣ҲѺ˾
½Իʱ⣬ȻûǷǧıΪ棬ʱ֪̳ܵͷӱ֮⣬Լ½Ϊһһʮˣȴ룬˾ֱУʱ̨
̨ǸʲôϾĴ˵ģǱ䷲ֻ֮࣬ط硣
ʱʸϵˣ֪÷ǳɲףͥһǶſ̬ȣֻǲǴ֮ͽһôô׵̨
Լ½ǧʱѣԼͷ֧Ƿǧ꣬ûǷ
ûΣ˭ٶλΥ棬Щ̣֮ﹻ̨ôصĴ
У˾ʧʡ˾£ȻΪ֮ҲǵһˣѯʷɵĹ֮ʱʲǰûʶ⣬оһʽȻȲ´̷о
ʱ뵽½֮ǰֵĶɱ̵̨֮¼ڿһԱ˳ŵģ񾭴ң͸캦֮£˾ЩССǣȫУ޲ðѸ̨
ô˾ΪʲôҪ̨ɣ̨ɣܵõʲôô
ôɱУ;ԲЮ˽ôˣ˾⡣
ȻųЮ˽ֿܣǫ̂˾ܵõʲôô
ɱ̨صʲǫ̂ѽ̨ǵɱ̨ʱ̨ķ裬޳ɹǡ
ٴιᵽЩ裬޳ɹǣȥˣ⣬ʱ½֮ǰ˻ɡ
˾⣬˾ɶˡȻô֮£ôûɵ۸淢
ɵҲ⣿
֮ʱɶԻĳˣ忪ʼ޸״̬ת߽յ½ڵļ빩֮ԣҲ֮޸ͬʱʱƴǧĴҲõٻָ
ʱûûзҲûͼܣ·ʮرѺȥ̨
Ȼ콫֪ʱôһӣ½羭ǧɵĽ
һ㲻ҵģѺŵһλʸ񣬸ʱͬһʱڵǶòˣʱڣ֤ʱж
ֱʱ̨һ콫һ룺Һãʱ½ǧɣĹ⣬Ȼʱ޿̨ܱ
һ֮󣬺ܿ㻶ϲ׷׽ţߣҵȲƷƷˣ֪жζ
˵죬ˣζ᲻
ղſȥ콫ǣһѷ䳯̨Աߵһɽﱼȥȿֺﻹа֯ɣ
콫һ֯мɵɣִʱ򡣿Ǵ˿̿ǸһȺС죬˴˼Ҳϼ¼֣֮Һܿˡ
ɽ֮ѾвɴʧȵؼһССİʲô콵䡣
Щ콫ɷ˵Ҳ׷׼ȥֻССһطͱģұ˴֮仹֣Ͳûжˡ
һһڽ£˵εǸأ֪жζ
ѽѽôûб͹
ǲǲɼ󷨳ˣ

꣬һĨϡŨĽƮۣƮ䵽ڰȺɵͷϡ
ޱȻϲؽеˣˣҳԵ衭
бӵʱ궯׷мǸͿڣҪʳһ衣
ѽôô٣
һǸշǧСɣȺڰΧڷм伷һ֮ʱȻ׵˹ȥ
ܿѹԼһƬֲָĺڰ֮УһⶼûСͷ󺧣ǲǼ̨׼ʳ
ܵڰܿ췢֣ˣ˵оԼĴڣһ£ˣڱеѽڰ׼ʳͬô࣬Ӧܹ
ǱʶûõȣʡʡɡһӦ
ǿ־÷㡢㡢㡭ʱ񣡡ʱǱ̨ˣôûе䷲
㣬˾ʲô£ϣַʲô£ΪʲôҪŽʳɵɹǣ˵棬ʱ䣶̺еɭɭɱ⣬ʵʵĵһ㣬޹Ǹ
ܳΪΪʱ㵱ȻԼΪ֪ıֶΣ̨
һȡԼ費ɴһ棬ʩطȥΣȻʱ鿴˲̨ϵɴ
ν鲻֪һһʱ㷢ɴ֮£֪ʱһص󷨡
˭ɴ֮²óһ󷨣ʱ⣬ƾԼҲѶɡ
Ȼʱ˳ȥٸɼڰۣŷʳԼһĻҲ֪󷨵ãɼǱɴɹǡ
һĻʱĶǣεѣȺڰŽʳɹǵĶ
лвףԭʶˡǣڵӺΪﻹʶѣ
ʱ־һСɣԼʶ�ʡСֻģȴʲô˵
˶֪ʱ޵ǲǸд󰮣o
ʵɣҲǴȻһź½緲֮һйĶǣҲɣҲб˴˷
ΨһɣʱΪʱǲ˺κ˵ģʱս߾Ըħġ
Сɾƶһ㣺Ҿʲô˵ôҪңΥĵܱɸӲҵĴɡ
ȻСɵ֪ûǣԲֲ⣬ΪǶĹذ
ʱ㿴ȱĳֶΣǲɷָ棬ศɣȱһɡ
ֻдȱĳûֶβЩΣأôȱĳһ̸䲻ʵʽӶֿ߻ǿֶΡ
ΪˣʱܳΪս׿߾һλɡ


105 
ɱΪ
緢صʳɹ¼ʱﻹĸĥһҧ, С̡
, ɲĥĵͲΣֱӶ궯̡
ʱǸСһ, оСɵ֮, ƺʲô, ֶѾȫ͸Сɵ֮, һʱԽ֮Сɵ뿪
ʲôоǶʶʶ֮, ⶫƺͷų, ӰСɵжʶ
Сɵ쳣, ѵĲɵģһ룬ѵô༷ڰʳɹǵǣǵ궼ֶӰˣ˵˾ɵ궼ֶ͸ˣ
ⶫɹ, Դ, ˾, ѷ˹ͽ˾ܳͷ̨ɴ²һвɼɹǵ, ͳԵˣ
Ʋ, ôֲѾ͸˲, ᲻͸ɣͨʲôʽ͸, ʲôӺζ
ص, ʱʮ㣬СسŰֶСаǸС˰ŭʱԲΪ
գʱڷ˼΢Сһ㲻׶ȴʱо𺶣Ϊħ
ȻѾħ꣬СɲǸʬ⣬ֻǻһЩʶˡ
ǣʱĴضǸСɽѻꡣѻʱԾǴεħ֮Ϊľòʱ뿪ҵطָ֮ʱս⣬һλɾħ塣
ɨħѾ꣬ս֮ʣħҲӦ֮ߡ
ħǶԻֻ֣мʱ𣬲ܰħɾ󻼡
Ȼǳʹ࣬һʹˣҪܳʱûˣһʯٵĴ÷֮⣬ûõĴ÷
Ǽħ֮ÿһɳĵ飬Ϊߵɣֻּȱ£ŻѡΪսȽϸߵɾ롣
λɾǵһβμӵħ֮һ򣬴ûжԸħľ飻򣬾ľʹԸˣͬеϲ㣬ȫûзλɾ״
ˣλɾֻʩԼĻһ֮ˡ
ħ֣ܿɵ־Ӱ죬ֻкܶһʱ䣬ԴԷ١һǱһʱ䣬ħԿ͸ںϣλɱ޾ˡ
ħֵɣὥħܿƣΪʬ֪ɣֻܽɱոɾɾתźڤͷס
һλɾħּޣӰ첢󣬴պˣ֮ɡ
ֻսУμӵħ֮ļʮλɶʶսħ˳ʶ˵ʱսļʮλɡ
⼸ʮλֱӱħ֣϶ᷢ֡û뵽ħصͬʶдݹģһ⣬ȫڲ֪䱻ħ֣ħʱ
ѻˣʱ㲻룺ʱЮһδĻ磬ƫⷽϡòʱ䣬˫ޣŻǿƿǷҴҷսʱսѾûиЩɽйʶ
ûʱʱ˳䵽ѸٷսҲһħֶ֪ʱ뵽˴ؾһ亹
һ꣬һգԼ½絣꣬ͬʱ䣬˵ħ֮ʱ㵱ʱЩ⣬ûɡ
ߣħ˳ɣҲѾɵ־ʩӰ죬ǶħӶӲħѾ˾ʤ뷨
ϧʱʱڷսİ·ͬ飬Ȼỳͬ˵ûҪȥ鿴ս
ħ֮ˣȻħ֮Ÿոտʼħ˵ɹԿܵζ
ǣħűּ޵ǣʶķʽǰǰ˾ɣԼ˾ǲ
ħ߱ɴģڲɼɹǵ󷨣ħǺɵġ
Ҫ֪ͥɵָȥμӵħ֮ǼʮλɣɼֻɾǼʮλʲô¸ɲɣ
֪Щ֮ʱûʱ侪̾˼ôֹħеɢʲôħ硣
ʱ뵽ǰϢȥɲ裬Ҫ׸˽ʶֹħ֮䴫
ʱܿͷΪһЩѾֵɾͻʶԼĲԾҲж⴫ͼԾȡԼûˣˮ֮飬˶ħˣʹ粻˵磬˭Ҳ˭ˡ
˵ʱħƺûнɢֻҪʱ򣬲Żͨʶɡ
ħⶫûǻۣһоٶǱʹʳɹǡ
ֻ˾콫̨ЩɡĿǰħûдģɢֵͷǲҪݾߵĺá
ʱѲһ磬ħɢʲô̶ˡҪϸ鵱ȥμӵħ֮Ǽʮλɡ
Ƕɣƽʱһһ棬˭֪ħ᲻ʹΧأ
ʱʱ㻹ͦ˾ɷ˵̨ǰﱻħ˵Ѿˣ¡
ʱҪǣôֱһɵûбħ֣
ܼܲһɣ˼ҵнԼʶɣ
ʱǸС飬ôڲɫ£ֱĿûбħ֡
һû£ʱԼ࣬оһСɣȥ˾ץһ˾ȫħˡ
ʱ㲢ĺ֮ˣΪ˽ħΣòĳյоΪЩɣѾˣֻǻԼʶᱻħӰƶ֪
˾ʧ˼СɣѰ޹ûħĻɡ
ʱо˺ü£Ū˼СɣҲûоʶ𷽷ƺֻͨ۲챻ɵճֹ쳣ƶϡ
ʶ𷽷ܲȷСԽгȻ쳣ٶɵʶн߽ɵʶٴ𣬻Ϳ׼ȷжˡ
оôʶħͬʱʱעоôܰħĻȥԱЩֵɡȻħһ壬Ϊһ壬ʱ뾡ˣþˣʹ뵽ķӣͽ޹
ʱ״̬һ飬Եָɲμӵħ֮Ǽʮλȫп̽ã۲Щûаħ֮ˡ
֮󣬹һȦ㻨ꡣ
ħȻɴ磬ħûǻۣľٶǳڱܡˣҲûɢҲʹħأûд
£ʱ㿪ʼ߻ôܰЩһ򾡣ʹħȥ


106 
[Ժдƻ]
ʱ㱾һ˸, ǣָȥμӵħ֮ɣȫħˡûвμӵħ֮ɶڱչû, һָϡ
Щûвμӵħ֮ɾǲ, ϧսúܡΪս, ûбָȥμӵħ֮
ʱ㲻ָЩսȥԸսǿǡʱȥҲ԰Լ, ֻӲͷƤԼϡ
Ϊܹһ, ʱ׼, õֶζ, ϧһֺĽ
ʱĽС֮, ٵȥ, ںɱ¾֮ս
ʱ㰤ȥܷðԼѡǿ˵Ѿ̨ѺԼǰʮָˡ
ʱ˵̨ȺԵɣԼħ֮º, ǶúȻʧɫ, æô졣
ʱ㰤һŸͬ, ԼɵǶ֮󣬰ɱˡǣЩȫѾħ, ɱʱ򲻿, ҲҪɱˣҪԼٵĻ壬һҪħɾѾֵħ֮, ҪЩɶץ, һг, ܷŹһ֮ˡҪɴɱҲɷŹľġҲҪΪɱ⵽ͷ׼
Ϊħʵ̫ˣ䷢չܰɱǵʳհȫ
ԼǼʹ֮£ԼܴΪħʱĺһУȫȻʣʾһС
ǶʱҪɱǼʮλɶܵģǵΪɾҲöﲻæֻʱСģԼصĵҩԸʱһ֮
Ȼʱܽɵۣħ֮档ʱɵۣźƛۡ
ƛɵϢҲǴһʱɵ۳Ծ֮ʣгɵȷɵδħ֡
ֻλƛɵλʱľˣԽԽŻͥ쳣˾쳣Ӷ
ʱԼ¼ƻɵۣƛɵȴģ˵Ҫټǹ顣
飿ǲҪݾʱʮ׼ˣ
ʱ㲻໰Юסƛɵۣýڣͣѵȥμӵħ֮ǵǶ
ƛɵۺȰмʮһˣôɱǣſңҪˡ
ʱѾⷽԤк׼ֻúƛɵ¡
ƛɵ֪µԣʮϰ̫ƽɵþˣʧȥ˳ɵʱѪԺͼ飬ֵôԼ⣬һһհ죬Ըʱ
ʱϣħֵǼʮλɣͬһʱϵʱãǼʮħһɱһ
һʷǰɱʷǰɵµչƛɵĬرˣʵʩⳡɱʼֻʱһ
ȻʱбսⳡɱȻеʮּѣϾǼʮλħɣսˣôɱģǰһλδɱһλʱսһһһԶһʱʱҪͬʱħս
ʱгֵ׼󣬻û/ȵȸֶζʩչ˳Ŀǰͥս񣬾һ书һۣ⼸ʮλħ
һӵ罫ʱڱħֵΣ֮У
ʱﲼһ󷨣ֻЩħӳȥ˸ЩħͬھĴ㡣
սУʱ㻹ҪӲĳЩɵİţյսѺͻʹɱ֣ܵˣûᡣ
һһԶ˺ɱʱ˳ֵ׼Ǳħɱñˡϵʹ֮⣬ʱ㻹ҪȥЩɵĻ壬һ̡
ʱ㲻ǵԼɱ˶ãڰЩħȫɱˣǵĻ֮ʱķѺĽߣ֮أ˵侳֢ס
ʱ֧ţûоʹ˰ݣʣµ鵤ҩһ̶Ȼȥ˾ʼһɱ¾
˾ǣΪ̫ߣʱɱǣһɱǣû˿
ֻǵĻҲҪзմ˾¼ǧλɣÿһ壬ʱĻͻһˣһ֡
ȵ˾ﴫصȣϵ˾ʱֻһصʬ͵ʬ۵ѵ֡
ǵץסʱѺɵֹ
֪ϵĲ״ǽǴһڵ֪ҲʱɵĺʱȺ鼤ߣ֮ͬ飬׷Ǵʱ񡭡ڿ˸ǰ𾴰ʱһϦ֮˲ɱɵĴħͷ
ƛɵһѺʱǰԼֹȫһߣȻӣһ±㲻ʱֱˡ
ͳߣ淢ħ¼Ӧħƺ֮
Ƿ֣һֱԴȻ֪Ҫ쵼ɣ
Ƿ֣֪֮˻ֲ֮̿⣬òӦߣֻܷʱԽ޴ңѪ¾ҪĹɣ
ƛɵ۳ԼĿǣڲħ֮£жʱĲȣаħԴ֮£ɱ˼ʮλɺ˾
ǣɵ˳Ӧɵǿ󣬰ɥĲʱ̨
ڱ̨ڱɴȥշѹʽʹУʱ޲þʹɥʧʶһС
Ȼʱ㲻ɥʧʶʲôһ㣬һ˲䣬ʱм䡣
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ʱСɹڷ̨ϣģ֪˭ˡ
ֻ½٣벻޳һУ϶ʵ¡
ǧ磬˵Ļʱͷ˵ʶ㣬ˡ˵ʶңجεĿʼ
ܾúܾǰͥ񣬷ޱߣΪˣ㵽ڵĴǧ磬ұʶ㡭ǿֵһˡ
ڷ̨ϣɱɱƣ߶ĳصĸθУѹʱ㣬
ϣЩħþؽ֮ȥǣϣĻսѣɱ
ɱ˾ɺ־ѾٱȺ鼤ҪʱûΪʲôֱһ֣ǽѣȥҲһ˰ˣɴ䡣
ϾмѾ꣬־˼εֻأʱȻٴɱ¼ڶȹľѹ֮󣬵׽
ֻأǼεķ㹻ϴһ̨ˣܹٴη磬֤ˣʵҾ꣬Ƿ˭ġ
ֻʱĻôѣ̨ɢôܻڣٴηмַʲô
ָ˼䣬ǰķҲˣʱСɲ˭óʮ̲裬ױ֮е˹̨֮顣
ƴǧ羭ǧڷ磬ΪһСɡ
һȥܵƲӴ֮壬תΪգ֮䣬˴ɵԾ
һ仯ǵע⣬ɷ˵λo
ͿΪһ۾뷺ţͳԪʥĹи帮Čʮ
Ͻһ˾ָ϶ǣֱΪƹ˾Ǿƹܹ»˾»ǾƹǾƹƵǾƹõǾƹֵܱĶȶǾ
һ˾ָǶԵ˾϶ְһ粿ţר½١
ʱ磬ȴôҲҲֻ絽
һɣ˶ʹʱǸһɱ˼ʮɣѪ˾ѪծĴħͷ
СôҲԼǫʱ磬һɱħͷʱĻǲѽô
ɵڿһʣ֮䣬ţţҲţ
ʱ磬ԲˣʱɱˣҲһԭģҪҳе࣡
ʱСɿСÿĴһһѰɱ¼ʱͷӿһİοů·ޱߵĺڰһů
ڴʱĺ֪緢һУС֪ʱħ޹˱̨
ʱˣ½ն۾ͼ˽ܣӦۿҪɢҲɿԶʱżĽǽʱİŽ𵤽ɵģͬͬϢƮЩ֮Ͷ壬ͥûλΪ۾
֪ͥõһУʱģʱ类̨Զزˡ
ǣСʱĺǣҵƛɵۣʦҪʱһ
ʱ̨İ֮󣬺ƛɵΪάɵϣλһλ
εɵͬΪάԼϺȨʩչ˶ɵ۵ĨĨɸʱйصм䣬ҲĨɼҵ伮Уйʱڹļء
ǣǵļУ۾ӹ񣬶½ŷĤݵ۾λoûз;
ֻС񻹼ǵʱΪʱľ̫ˣûʱ磬û
ʱ񣬾޷߼Ǣˣ޷ۡ
Ϊʱֻع֮϶Ǳ۾ǿҪʱ½Ѿʱ񣬲۾ΪʲôҪѰɼҵ伮дδڹ塣
۾Ҫ϶ǵҲǸ޷ƺ󺣵ķ˳ݲҳʱ
϶ǶȰ۾Ѱң˵ʮأÿ£֮˱ľԪͶֵ̥ϴã仯ٱ仯ÿһα仯ֿܣǲǲʵΪ
Сһʼûָ̫϶ǵ֮ʱ̨֮СȻȻΥ棬½Ѱʱ½Ĳд塣
СƾŸʱڲͬڳǧĴǧСǧѰʱĻ塣
ھǧѰ֮СһǧҵʱһƲлꡣһ̣ϲģҵʱ硣
ʱĲл겢ûнֻأ̨ѾʧȥеͷԼл꾲ƮǷǧȴɢԼԤϵɡ
һֶɱħƾһ֮ػİΣɱȴ³һ̣Ǳߵģʱ粻ֵ
ӡʱļ䣬ʩչȫͷӲʱֻأÿһֻ֮ϴʱҵϣ޲һ塣һ̣οģǧѡֻص֮ǰڤڤ֮УΪʱȡһ
ʱСмģԼļֻأʱСɴٻþУǰ֪һЩʵÿһֻأʩͷǿаֻصģû룬޷һֻءÿһֻأ붼ַʽػ
ʱֻصĹУΪҲСΪսΪ
벻ϲסڸ帮ʱĹռȵ
᳣ֻ帮ѲӣҪסʱĵ̣졣
ϲסʱĿռ䷨ĶʱµĺۼҲƴǧʱһסǧµů䡣
ͬ벻ϲɺΪ۾Ϊ۾ʱĳƺţԸⱻΪ
ɲ飬ϷϲϷɰݺѹòϷϷϷûû˵ϷȫϷĻϣ
ʮ̲裬Ϊ뾲ģǲںϢͷܰѴʮժĲ֦⣬ԼСֻΪ֣ΪͬһŽ𵤣ϢϢͨͬġ
һУʱСͷ˿ɬ̶ַۣжࡣ
жĴƲס룬㣬ˡ
ʱ뵽һ⣺½٣Ϊյ㣬ܷ硣״̬;飬ȻҪô磿벻ѵҪһֱУ
뵽ܣʱ㵱ȥ˶Ե˾ɳֹ֣ⳡ٣룬ľС˵ɲ˾
ʱȥ϶ֱλǾϣܸı½䷵硣ȻλǾعСɶʱ㣺Ǿڹ
ʱѾָ˼䣬֪λǾǷǳְ
ολǾǺǷʲôش¼
ʱʱĶܣŰŪĻ˵ֱȥ
ɵµĹɵۣģһǸֵĵط
룬ʱȥʱԶ㿴ǻ棬һɫƺڵϢǶһЩɻɾḶ̌Ӧȴ˳
ʱ㾶ԼƷӶ棬콫ͨСʱ㣬Ҫɵ۱£ͨ
֪Ǽŵ콫һʱСɵţɫ䣬һ߳ڴеǸɱ˵Ĵħͷˣһ߻ŻŵҪţȻʱʮη塣
ԼŸոջָ䣬콫ô֪ǡɱ˵Ĵħͷģ
콫֪ǶѪ£ȻɵۺЩµȫ֪ˡ
ɵ۲ʩչĨǶļɼҵ伮ļѵʧˣʧЧˣ
ʱһ̧һʩչɱֹ콫ŵľٶָ֮ƺѹڽȻ䣬ƺֳΪ˵Ǹڵµʱ
ֹ콫޲ĹžٶʱСɰ߽
һƬǼɽѪɢŲ֫ƮŲлͬһǺ½ģ£ϸڸԾҡ
ټؾۼһɣһмǧλɣûټôɵ£ԵЩС
ЩɼʱСɴ̤߽ȫµؼߣʱСóǿһ·
ʱСɵ½֮ԵǷһʷǰİԻҪʱСɵʵĿֹʱСɵִԲ
ԵǳַԼܶԣЩǴ̽ʱСɵϢ
ʱѪ¼ȻòˣϾôϲģǵļȻɵ۵ġĨĨˣʵܳĨļ䣬ֻǰؼתΪǱ䣬˲ᣬǲ
ἰͨŬĻ䣬¡
ЩϲɵĻ䣬ʱСɵǰһ±ը˹û뵽ʱСɵǰ˺壬Ѫծ۵֪ࡹÿһλɣͷˡһȺСмܽһͷݡļӸкΣС
Ϊֹǵĸ֮ɱ˶ħ֣֮Ե˴粿ǰɵʩѹҪϳɱ˶ħʱСһδ¶ҲϳͣԷδȻ
һߺ·һ߸ߵɽͷʱѽȥ˹˹ģģ˵ǷѪծɱħѽ
С㿴ǣ㲻٣
ѽ֪ǽϵף᲻߳ŭһɱ˵ǻΪֱɱħ·
˵̨Զٴηôģ
ССģղſһۣ

ʱСɰɵ˽ﶼڶ΢΢һƲмᣬԳ֮ϵķɵȥ
ߵǰʱ֮󣬰Լֱ棬ϣɵܶϵԤûʱ価ͷٽ̣ǿаͬٻ磬ֹⳡ١
ʱСɸ˵꣬˲ɵķԣǷԵǣܴħͷκӦóһã´ħͷҲҪ̨ˣֱˮΣرأٲħͷͷ棬·ػңĻᡣ
ʱСɶɵĽ֮ԱǣתɵۣɭȻ²ҪˣƛɵΪʲôҪλ
ɵ۲ֱӺƛɵӹλģǾɺüλɵλ֮󣬷
ɵҪְӰİɵ۵ĴУԣͳһԡ
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ɵ۳ɽҷʱСɵĿʱҲʮ𾪣Ⱥ鼤ߵϳɱħͷûäĿʣһֱţ˵ҪʱСٹһֱʵĻᡣ
ʱӺƛɵ۵ļ֪ķɵ۵ʱСɵ󣺡½֮޺һþֵּʶ֪һ£ٹ޳˻þǡ
ʲôɵ۸һʱСٵĻþʲôɶʱȻ
ɵ۱һƬȻ֮У˷
þȻʧ֮еλɣһ̱ص˷̨ϡ֪ԭίλɣһ±ƣ֪ʲô£ֻôˣ¼ƣȥ
ԶԶģܵĲͬѰѾ˲ôˣֱӳУʱСǰ
ȼʱСˣСʣ㶼֪ˣֱʱ΢Цףһ»ϲ˹ȥסʱ㣬еʱ硣ֻһٸнֹס
һ꣬׺ɣʱֻ˼Σ񣬲ڻʱļ䣬ʱڻˣػˡ
̫ˡ
Թ۵ȴ۷׷׵ֱۣǵĸ֮˭ĸ
񣬱ŸСɺ硹Ȼƣûۿûۿѽ
ʱСɾĴ䣬¸жϲȴһɵȻһСӰԼޣɿţ̫ʧˣԼ˺ǳǳЦȥˣҪģ飬һ𣿡
ܶʱ򣬽ҪģҪǣǳҪĽȥŬܶǸ̡
뵽񣬺ܿԼһطʵֻһ𣿡˵Σеۣγչֵ£С¹һĺͫаεĹ⡣
֪ˣʱ㻹ǱòȡˣӲǽ֮ˣ֣ЦòǾ飬һֱһߡ
仰һöһ·סʱ֣ʮָۣ֮ϵķɵ£ҲˣʱСѾӦС޽£¶׼ɽ£Ҫɵ׼
ɵۻû̬Ѿҷ׷׽¿񣬲ҪǸħͷ
ѾˣʱСǸɱ˼ʮλɵĴħͷɱأѪծۣҪĺĵƭˡ
ħͷ·磬϶ģԲᰲġ
ǧҪûģѾˣ
ģҲǺڵģī֭ڣ
ôɣһԶԸħͷģ
һҪʱħͷѪծѪ̨̫ˣðԶˮ
Ұ㣬㲻ҪΪ磬ħֵã
ͥǴһ𱣻ҪԼ
ʴ壬ȡ塭

ܹǰܹ£ط꣬ʱͷʵҲ˸п顣
ǣԼ֮ʣһȺԼ߷ڮԼ񣬶¶ԼģʱСҲδף޿֮£óΪǣϵɴһ죡֪ӣ
ɱʱСһ𣬶ʱˣһʱȻûаãűӵĽ¡
һЩҪʱСɹƻˣǸɱħͷһЩǿҪɵ´ħͷѪծѪˮΣһЩʴ壬ħһ֮ƽһЩǴʱСɵУȥ
ҲһЩСĽɣŴ֮ʣ͵͵ſڷȥ꣬ʱܰѼʮλƭһɱɣ࣬ΪۣʵûбɱǼʮλǿʱ׼ţҪ
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ɵ۷ŭɶʱҽˣϾɵ۴ĵطɲǲг
˶ˣɵ۲ŵλǾжԵ˾˾ӡ
λǾɴƫ߳ʱ֪ԭ⼸λǱɵˣֲǶء
ǰһֶ׸ɵۡɵ۲£֮µ˵ʱСɵ٣ðŵһʱջݣλǾͶԵ˾˾ҲȰǰΪǵ޵棬¼ʱСɵ̣֮ӡ
ҲΪʲôҪôѾ֪귢¡ɵ۾Ӹµظµɣ˵꣬ȷʵʱСɡ꣬ȷʵʱɱ˼ʮλɲѪϴ˾¡
ɻûг³֮ǰɵ۰һѹ˸Ķ˵֪ʱΪʲôɱô𣿡ָָ̣̣һԻס
һһشݣֻҪʶע֮Уȡһȡеݣһ˲Ŀһ㣬֪ʱСɵپ
̵ǶĬˣ̼¼£ȷ֮ǰʵ̫ˡʱ񵱻ϣֶɱЩħ治磬ʲôӣ
ħɢ֮ûǣûлվϣǸˣˮȥ
ﾲĬ
ЩԵǰ룺ԭʱСɲĺӣǰһ۾ԭôľ͸飬ƺ޽˳֮£ţǡͦġ
ҲһЩǿӲɣ׷ϴʵ̼¼ĲʱСٵľ˭֤¼ľǵǳɱࣿ˵ûνħ֣ŪŵͷΪԼˡ
⻰ɵ۵÷Ǵɵ۴ȡ˺ƛɵ۵ļ֪ġҪάɵ֪ĸߴ󣬱㲻ܸ߱ˣ֪ʵһɵ۴С
ʱСһЦ˵Ҫ֤ݣ̨ɴ֮µռʹɹǵ󷨣Ӧûڣµ̨ǲȥιһħʳɹǵĵط𺶡
ȷʵ𺶡ʱ񿴵һ۵ħŽʳԼ裬ǳ棬ģ𾪣Ժþþö֮ȥ
ʱһ꣬־˼ֻأʱСڴجһľлڿ΢Цţˡ
Сͦ˵ȥ鿴Сʮ̨֪һ󷨣ǲ֪Ǹʲôġ
ȻкС̨Сɳ֤вµ̨ȥ鿴ܿ죬Ǳˣɫѿ˵һ֣С
ٴ֮ϵķɵһ˵Ȼʱɱ֮£ף̨ľǴģ£òΪʱعλ
Ȼɵɨһɣʵλɿ飿
ĬԵǡҪʱعλζλѽλ䣬Ϊֻ»֮ǡ
ǲ˵ʱ㵹һֵۣʲôλҲŲϡλأҾСɣңţҿˡĿ⣬Ϸʡ
ʱ㣬֣صʱ磬ͥǷһҸֻˡʱ㣬ϼףĿһչɨµɣɭȻҼʱ磬޵ǲôɱɣΥ֮£Ժ˭Ҳӣ˵ҼʱɱħͷѪծѪ˵ʲôصˮȥĻʻͲҪ۾棡
ڳһƬȻһֱϰ˳ƺϰסһݣ۾
۾ʱǵ͵ģô͵Ҳ޷սˣ˵һвζĻһʱҷ
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ԣתΪϲʱ㣬ϵм䴩ȥš
ɿʼĬţףܹ磬ؿ֮ˡ
Եãʱߣ֪˵ľ֮󣬶ǲһԡ
Ǳ˴ͱ˴ˣ˴˾˴ˣ˴˴˵ĹϵԼô˼мһأԼʲôɷأ
ͨ˽ڣأɶʱףʾԼһȥμǵĽ䡣汾Ǳɵϳɱħͷǣ׷ʱԼףһɺг
ɵۿһĻỽһȡ
һⶻɫ۷ӣƾճڷɵߣıʮºͣųȰҪۺ˼ҡ
ǲעĿյɵʮְغ˭ûи£ʱ磬йȸ硣ߣ
ʲôȸ磿ˣõĲѧô㡣΢ЦţҪȥɵ۵죬ɵȴûûһֻɫèһӻһũ񴧣һͷɱжȣԼҲʺʰ÷ģĳ谮Ҫγһ㣬е°࣡˳޻ع
ǰ۾Ľ䣬Ϊͥʢ£֮ʢֺ꣬ɼҵ伮
ʱʱ꣬ٴԼƵĿռ䷨
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