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ߣ򵥷Ҽ
İ
걻Ṥ֪࣬ȴǺ˽ϣذмϤչ˵꣬ºֽӵָ߿֪ͨ
ֹۻȴЩִ֣һűѧҵʡлصƶСǡ
û뵽ٴ꣬ǣҲ꣬Ѿ˶ӡ
˵Į꣬ûһȡģֻԸһĶֵظƶ
֣Ҫô죿
ֻԼǮʱͷ䤱ȴһСĳ󻧷¸
ֻжյĻࣺ⣿Ǳ
Ͻvһ㱩깥
Ķʾ
һļܿգǲҪϵʵһΪ
Ǵˬģƫܰճܲײ˸֣
׺Ӳ1V1HE
ݱǩ   ִܿ 
ؼ֣ǣ  ǣ  
һ仰飺С֪౨ȴõһöϹ
⣺ᶨֱǰһߵĵط


1 
£ǱļڣХ񵶸Ƶġ
һƤ𳵣ءʻվͣվ̨ϡ
Ű˸ߵ˫ָһĴŰȺվߡ
֡Ե̧󿴿ֱŵˣȥֱɡ
áֵͷҧӿŲŻϲǿһ㣬һҪϳ
Ϣһ°ɡѩ˵糾͵ģ쵼˻Ϊ󲻺á
ÿ˶СƵģѩô˿޷ˡ
οһҪĻ쵼
֣
ε촽ûн⻰ʶӿŲվ
ֻõĶ̫࣬ҪҲ첻ȥֻͷĬĬš
ˣȻһЦ˼쳵ܺõȥ
˵ֲһ䣺쵼ģġ
ǡѩһԸһ˵Ȼؼʰһ£Ҳü˷ġ
ȥɡͣ½Ųת˵ǼҶںУȥУԼȥ
⡭ԥֿѩǻһɣôһȥ
ǡѩŰôԼȥءǸһԼʱ䣿
ֺɵҡͷסĵطԶһﲻףҽ컹ȥ
ֶѩЦЦ͵ס̫ԶҪϼСʱ·ҲһȻؼϢһ£ʲôʱȥС
˵ͷˡлټ
Ǽͬѧһھʦѧѧҵ˾Լһ
ֻǰû뵽õ£ָı⡣
ı뷨һȥ
ȻȥǸҹǵĵط
ôѩЩˣԹȥУҪϾȥ
ס£һ˲ס˵ֺܽڼһҲҪǮ
Ȼһѧǲͬϵ˴˽Ӵֻ࣬ΪǺпȥѧ
żһ¡
ǴţиֿܼҾǺܺá
ŶѩüЩûڣҲ֪Щǡǲȥ
û¡ɫοһ䣺ֺܺദġ
Ůעⶼû˻Ϊһ²Թ֡
ԼҲʰ룬ȥֱ쵼ӡ
ֻΪ֣ס£³һȥȻٸظҡ
šѩͷŷԼҲϤΪһ棬ƽʱûʲô
ˡѩͻȻ˰֮ģּҲʡǹеģôᵽƫƧСط
һʱ֪࣬رϲԾҪںС
Ҳû뵽ֻڻվƱʱ֪
ʲôã˶ȥУɵáѩ⣬ҲʶԼô˵ã˼ЦЦ˸־
ȷʵͬصͷи뷨ҲǾȴкأ
⻰˵飬ƫƧСвĲһǰ㣬οлʡС
˿ܲ˽⣬ЩȥĴѧ̫еĲࡣ
յֱǵһ磬û뵽ôֵĳС
һԼеĸо
˵ѩ룬˵£ǲǾĵطҿЩȲĸо֡
ҡͷûʣֻ˵ס¡
룬üͷ΢Щȷ˵ϹˣӦò¹꣬Ҫعһž۰ɣ
ڹеʱͣ߰˸Сʱû˵Ҫؼҡѩɵ˵ҵʱ֣Ҳʣ°б뷨

ʲôζĿѩЦֲ˼ơ
ֻܺʱ䲻ʲôԭɡ

һСʱ󣬰ַ糾͵֡
ɻĿվԼǰ꣬һ˸ߵһָһ
Ҫѹˡ
ΣҹַסΧЦҽа֣ǽıҵ
˵ͳزϣϣϡ
Сνӹϣͷһ£ȿϡ
ллΡֵлûվڰ칫ǰ档
ﻮһ˿ͣϸĴһ°ֻ֣վıֱ
˱ͦһɫ£һñ׾͸һĨۡ
üЦºͣഺϢСĿ
šֿϣĵͷѾ˽⡣ѧǱǰ绰ͨҪ䵽С
ǡͦͦأһᶨ˵Ը֧Ԯҵ
࣬ʴҲط˵رӭıҵܵС֧ԮҪ˼׼
֪˼Цݲõ˵磬ٺӴ˰֪࣬˽⡣
ġü棬±֤ҲڡһԴԼĹҲԼΪ𡣡
οᶨı飬Ͳظ֤ȵѰԼͬСģ
ʱЦˡ
ãšЦСͬ־𼱣˵
ǡֳһ£գԲԲС̽ʣΣ˻ȥɣ
δЦֹζ˵ʣεѧĻ˻ȥ
ǵһĴѧ
СеشƫƧòرƶȻҲȥһЩѧǸʦԺУ
⻹ǻָ߿Ժһҵǿܶм˲ŷ
رıƱҵ
ֻڷչ˱ҵԴؽжη䣬жٴѧȡпȥˡ
ܵȥеıҵҲ䵽ǺСط˲Ŵȱ
̸̸㹤⡣Σ˵һ£ʲô뷨ʲôǾŽ
ûʲô뷨ϲ̫ˣҸȫӷ䣬ûκҪ󡣡
ϲʦҵҪˣûʲô뷨
һ̹Ȼڷʲô⣬Ҳᾡ˷ηİɡ
Σ
һ̣ЩжЩΡ
ǲѡһͰ͸ϧû취ס⣬ҪԼ취
û⡣⣬̵ͷ˵Ҹ˽
šγƬָ̣߿Уѧ࣬ӸһЩʦڼȱʦǸ򡣡
۾һֱŰ֣ϸ۲飬Ҫûʲô뷨
ȥ򣿡һ㶣ֵͷʾûκ壬ѽ
Ȼвֲ࣬ЩֻҪԼȥĵطͿԡ
ԾǣıܶطҪȻҲĬ϶Ƿ
õѧУ
ε˼Ҫ䵽򣬰ֻЩɻû
һ˫۾ɫ峺һƬ̹ȻûκβʣΣҷĸѽ
ԼѡЦˣ˵ǵһıҵԼѡȨ
ʵЩ˼Ц˵ǲ÷䣬ҲԲѡȥĶǽѧһġ
̾˼˵ˣǿڵڸûˣѡأ˵ȥʲôطС
˵ֲһ䣬ҲǾչˣҽĵط
֪ˣðֻȥ򣬵ѡȨҪȥ
һ£Щ𣬶ԷûһСͬ־
ͬʱҪһЩػֻǻ㡣
ͼЦݲãϲõ˵ΣҿԼѡˣ


2 
֣߳ţǸ쵼źù
֣߳ĻϲţǸ쵼
źȥĵطĸÿ¸ס
𿴾ǼǮҲǲСĿ
ֻܣ½ںģԶת̵ͨ˴ż·
ֱֿ̧ʮˣе
ԥһ˲ץ·ҪԷٽͺˡ
߼Ҫȥվ˺һתͷͼ֡
ΡСܼȥ𣿡
û¡ЦеصͻȻղ˵ĺϵѧ˹Ժһȥ
Ķ԰գգۣгСͬ־ѽ
ʮ΢֣Цһ飬ذ
ллΡ۾һҿȥˡ
ȥȳԽʡܶʱ䣬ҲøܶһûС
ߡεͷ˵Ҵȥҳ˾æӻȥ
ָ˵ĵͷϽȥ䳵
ֻǵȵʱ˳Ĭˡ
һõͣڽֺԺҪŴСĻȥ
ϳɡδߴȥ˵ϡ
˵ˣֻʣһ˷ңûϳ;ԼӲһϳöĺͱһ
ľŵϣĴȥ
Լϳֵ룺Ȼ㣬ǿʡǮѣһٷǮˡ
һˣһ۾ˣ˵ҪȥϵСͬ־
ǡָϽ鷳ˡ
鷳˺ܺ˵ӣھߣ³ʱкһС
Ҫȥٽӡ˵﷽㣬³ˡ
˵ͷʾԼ֪ˣͺһ˾Աߡ
ͻͻͻһ˽ִš
ʮҪһСʱߵǹ·
ֻǷεĺܴİһţͬʱЩٽӻжʮôණҪôߡ
üﰵ룺ҪͺˣĸӵģֻҪͬһͿԴһһ·
ĺܺãϵʱ򣬿̯ܶر֡
ֻȻĸ￪źüˣ
Ϲ꣬⼸춼ȫ켯۾˵ȥңûǴӵˣȥ
ллͬ־ָ˵ı𣺡ȥҡ
ȻڴӲŴ꣬ǲ䳵ûٽӵĳҲûϵֻҪС
ֵ߶ǰ̯ˣѾ磬˲Ǻܶಢô
һ·ͨ裬ֱٽӷӿڣͿͣ·ߡ
壬ĸӵģֹȥʣٽӵ𣿡
ǡһλʮͷϰڰ֣Ƕٽӵġ
һʮˣʣĸӵģǶ˹ģϲһôˡ
ǶĶټˣһܼ´İ֡
ٽӡóһ̣鷳һ˰ɣĶ̫࣬ʵ߲ˡ
ٽӣ´ּۣɻʣǰӵģٽӰţôû㣿
üûˡʣʶȥҡ
ˣ̰Ѱ̵ֵƻȥʲộһҲʲô򡣡
˵žðϳǰǶʶ㲻ÿ
лл磬鷳ˡֳæĹ򣬰ްȻˣҲˡ
Ǯʲô˲˼˵ûȥͰɣĳ
šϳ£ڰ˵ҪҲȥ
УšЦŻӱ޸ϳָ߰Լ֣˵ҵܵܺͻǰͬѧǹϵ
һ֪Ӧǹϵܺãڵ
涼ֲʣô
ˡˬʣرõ˵ڼҼҶܳԱѼԼɱ
ǸļӣһŰͷˣֿ˼пС
ҵתãȻܳԱսӡ
̫ˡ̵ģ۶Ц⣬ܳԱԺǮ
ˣ˺ܶ˲˵Ȼ졣
ʮ·ܿ͵ˣҪ͵ſڣûڴ·˳
硣ԼԺ˵ȥ˰ɣ͸úˡԼ߹ȥ
УҾˡ죬ʡ˶ϵҡ
ϳˣҲߣһ·Ҳûˡ
䶼ڼèƤС·Ͼĵļȡ
һé֮䣬мש߷һǻҡ
µĹʸǵģڴõķӣʱǼڴӿһָ
ֻǺ£﹤صӣһֱڼũ
ﲻζΪеϧдǰ;ȴҪ䵽ز
顣ţʹãԺ̫С
ְڵϣһ߶Ķһߵſţһ࿴Լʲôӡ
ϲһ
˭ѽ첽߿űʣôΪ𣿡
һߴӰſڣӢޱ飬ķ΢һƵģ
͵һһӱĵǰԼϵΧ˭
ࣺ
ЩǰһŲЦϤִЩİûһʱס
һŷӦϣɫǺ˼֣ôˣ
ҵ¡Цһãֱ׳˵ҪǲҵһҲûʲôð
졣ִƹȥߣöҪҶˡ
Ų»ĺ
ʱ򣬾ǽסտʼһɷ㡣
ֶҿ
ǽ͸ܵϸ΢չˡ
Ϲ۵ĺ䤱ʱ򣬻ӹĻ꣬صָˮϴϴ·
رǽӵ߿ָ֪ͨȫֻڼѧϰ
ÿ첻ѷ˶˵ǰϻһҹһóԵĶҪ͵ߡ
һʱ䣬ַּſڣʮӡ
̫ˡֽݾ¾£ЬϿůůš
ô˵һһߣôණܵ㡣
ֱ࣬Ǹ˼ǧ·Цһ⣬һί˵ۻˡ
ڿͷŻǽͷԵһģ
ࣺ
һڿߣüͷֿ֣Ǹࡣ
Է𣿡´ɸ׸ˮȺȵˮ
ֶĲСֽӹ´ɸףüͷ΢˵·ʱֻŸ·һҾһҲûˣźú˯һ
ֱˣȸҵԵģӶĹУҺ˯һ
ͦһ򣬡Ҹ棬˯
šֱ뿪ȵĻǽȺȵˮ
Ȼһȥ۾ղŵ΢ȫʧ
ſڣ𴽽͵͵Ц΢ŲԼЦ
֪ԼͰ͵ģ
ߡߣƲƲ죬һβ㡣
Ĳˣ֪һȰԼʡǣͨʱһ
ɴû˵ҵֱӹһȰ˵Ļᡣ
ֻܣﻹԼϤģһ̴󿻣βſеı졣
ľӽſβλãԱиŵĹӣǰԺһ
Լѧϰ
еһжû䣬ԼʱӣϤְġ

Ļֶ֪࣬һ˽
ȽͳԵ㡣ѿùϿϣڰǰ˱˯ʳ¡
šֵͷ̽ͷһϲ˵⣿
װ׵˿滹ɰһ̵Ĵл
žʳ
Ծ͸ˡһ˿Ц⣬ִڵĳֹԣû˺
Ҷˡֺ˵⼸ûԺҲû˯ã۵Ҫ
̧ͷ࣬бԹ㣬ʱ˵ԺȰһعлȥĳСڻҶҸȥҡ
ࣺ
Ĭû˵Ҫ֪Ҫһʱͻֹ
СطıȵϹУǿʡУеһҲ󲻵ķ
ο뿪ʱûҲҪ
ֿ˵֪Լ¶ˣɼĺ˺ߣԼǡ
ࡣֳ˴ôˣ̧۴һһĬĻ࣬㻹ʱһûб䡣
ȥˡһ䣬šüӲ˵Ҷʮˣô᲻䡣
ҹ껹ʮһءֲһʣ㿴ұû˵Һǰһ
ࣺ
ղųðֳԷѾ˺ܳʱ䣬ŵȷʵû仯
۾Բʱ̳ɣͦСհϸ˫ȻǸ۵ģ
Ψһľǣһ˼ɣĿˡ
ٺ١ֿ˵¶һЦݣõʵǶû䣬Ҳˡ
Լˣˡ
ǰֻһ࿴ˣȴ͸һɷꡣ
û¡ָˣһˣԺҰ㣬Լһ˳еص
İɡûվĿóȥò㣬øȥ
ֲΪ⣬ʹǮǱ˻ȥ
Ķˣֻ´ξ͸Լͨš
ﰵԵ⣺Լڻˣܾûôˡ
Ьµأᵽϴ򿪣Ķó
ȴشһġְ֡
ֽԭأãȻĺӣ˭аְ֣
Լ
͵ƿţȵĿŻ౧һСССһ
㣬㡭ȫţͰ͵ʣˣӶˣ
л˵
ллͶ׵񱦱һлû֣Եһûилشֶллл


3 
ˡַԼӦ̫ңһĵİڰ֣㲻ԸҲûʲô
û˵Ҳû˵Щܲˡ
Ϊ޻̸ĺѡ
ɥĻصݣϴﲻܴˡ
뿪
ԽԽѹһĹ࣬û뵽
ԭȴͦãڻס꣬ȹȥӣżٵʱͻ
ķ䵽ϣֻжʮ·ⷿסֻҪÿﳵ°ˡ
Ըõİ࣬ԼҲԸסֱȫ
ʲôñӣҪȥģ
ȥĶСְַñ˵
ôˣɫƽȴ̺һĨӣǶһӣסˣ
ססµ𣿡ĪܣɺۿԼ˵ⱲӲģҲһĹ˭֪㡭
۾ȣЩʣҪԼԼ޳ˣϱˣһסһûôûɫһҡ
ͷ࣬ñӡΧһԴϣ󱳰Ƶ˵װĶǸĶһԼʰһ¡
ҷ䵽ѧѾȥңܵҲУ𲻺˼Ҿǻġ
˵˵ţЩ˵ȥˣϱͺӣӦΪˡ
Ǹ˲ѹҪֻ뿪һҲȥ
ǱûϱԼˣҲ֪Ϊʲôʲô뷨ʮֻҡ
ˡֵͷŴߣҲˣӻСȥš
ˡסͳһ˿ɬû飬Ҳûϱͣɡ
ɶ
ãȻ̧ͷԴһƬհףŵԼǰĸߴӰҶˣ
ɵˡ̾¶һ˿Σû
ô᣿ָ𾪣ȸղӽаְֻҪãȻ֪룬ĺӡģ
һû飬ð˸ˣֹͣתѾ޷˼
˫۷㶵ĿŻ࣬˳׽ԭء
൥ֱޣһֻŰߣϽѱ£ʵš
ŶŶŶŷӦҲˣж±
ϲ¶ЦݣôѽŪˡ
Ǳ˦ˣ
ࣺ
֪ԴʲôҲشûӪ⣬ֻǳĬ
˵㡣̾ͬ˵ʲô¶ϡ
ûѱ˶ӸֲȢ⣬˽Ϊˡ
ǻฺأŮһǺˣǼﲻ֮ͬ¡
˺ӡֲ̾ϢҲ㡣
ϧŻģҰӣһúõİ󡣡
ֿСк§ŻĲӣͷԴڻಱ
Щ˼˵ǲǰŵˣ
ղ̫ӵСЩ£ֶԼղŵľٶ
ڡһӺˡ
ôСĿ⣬ٿ֣ۿŻĺӣǸ˯ѣЩκ
ô˵ţȴźӺ󱳣޶¡
СкתԴ¶һֻ۾Ŀֵ֣Ŀײһ
ͷСĽУְ֡
̧ͷ壬Ҫò˶Բԣ
šСкӦһתͷ֣Сĺһ塣
̴Ӧֵߵߵ˵ԣúóԵġ
һĴᵽϣö˵װĶǺóԵġ
ͳһǣһŰƤݵСߣǣرóԡ
޶û죬ǿְ࣬֡
šӹǣιģ޶Գԡ
лл塣޶ﺬǣĵл԰Цһ¡
޶İװۣһ˫ԲֺЦرϲ
޶ÿЦۣ˫뱦һޣ廹кܶóԵĸ㡣
࿴ҪöԳΣûˡ
Ūĵζӳ£ٰ㲻ζҲ̫ࡣ
Щ˵
ǰȻû£ֻæź庢ûʣСЦˡ
ˣöĶһ٣תͷ࣬ˣ㻹û˵ôأ
ֿı޶ʲô˵𣿡
⺢Ӽˣ˰ɣ
ꡣڿڣġ
ҡֶʱףʾ࣬ģ
ͷͰȥﳵվ·ҽԺϸ
ѰſȥһôиСӤΧûһˣôĿҲ
ҲӶӤãͽҽԺ
Ȼ˾һȥ䵽Ϊ岻ȻǱ
βҪǮҼҲԣ£Ȼ˱
ֻܱ
ŶˣȻ˵޺ˣԭ
ֲҲãˣ¶õЦݣֲͣĴӴöƻӡ桢ǳӣֱɸ㡭
㿴ʲôóһ쳦Сǣڹеʱġ
࿴ŰһĶһüǻǮôôࣿ
ֺ˵ЩﶼûУⲻ㳢
ЩǾк͹زǱûеϡ
ﳣǹƻپǶӡ桢졭Щ겻Ķ
ԶĴΪ˸ԡ
㳢ӡְǿһӣݸ˵ִҵʱʵϧ·;̫Զﶼˡ
࿴ֱߵĽӣŽӹޱ˵ǮԼţһҲЩ
Сַܵĵͷ㲻ϲϲ˰ɡ
һҸ·
ֿ۹Թڻ໳ı޶Ҳ֪ˣʲôҲû
û˵꣬ˡ项š
˭ѽʣǳƽͳ𣿡
ǡȥˣҪ
ѺӸҡȥӱ޶䣬
ԣ屧
ְȥšѱ޶ŵֻš
޶ССһŲҲֻ֣ۺĿŰ֡
ֻԺﴫһĿ޺һǻһ
塣
ſڴϣۿһ߰Сڻ£ȿ޺
üĵΡ
ٽǰлҴ壬߹հ˹ն˵ݣ౲ִΪѧʮꡣ
ʲô¶æ
˿ŲǣΪֱͲסæ
ֻԼȴǰ
㣬ôһк۰أСȥѧ
Ҳһ·ѧɻʱ˲ûϿѧ
ΪɼãѧУƼӪλϰܻܼ࣬깤ʸ߷
ٽһָĴڡ
ĸӭ˫̥ӣʮ꣬Ͳಡ齼ȥ
Ȼ໺˲ǮȥӸһ˫ܸܵ
Ϊԭ򣬻ֻܷ﹤صٽũ
ʮ꣬಻ҪΪٸҪչ˳޵ļ㡣
ټϴЩˣϵĵӺأ۾ֵ
ҲЩչ
űȿ޵Ск־֪಻Ĳܡ
ȻСкڻﺰһɤӣҳȥһ£һ
ûñӡָϽñͳȥѾ˴š
̾
ı޶ұ׷ȥֻεĻصȡ


4 
㲻ӦҲôӦһ´ڻϣ裬͵ҵġ
޶ԡְڿϣ۵СԼԽӡ
ղŰǿĽӣ໹ȳԾˣָ˱޶һ
ʣµһԼˡ
һĶֳӿʼʰ󲿷ַŵľ
ʣһȥܹźá
Ƕݣмأһ̨ǽ
߷ϷţʱǵʱܵԺķҲ˳
ٽǶһݡ
ԺӺܴ󣬻˵ֵأֲЩǰԺſס
ֻ͵С۷䣬ߣʰ˳һ»ûа
Ϥʲôֻ֪ȥֻԺӴż⡣
İʲôҲûҵ
뵽ܵܲڼңû˰޶ȥ
Ҳã룺ԼãԶһЩûʡǮ
ֿ۹Թڿϵı޶ۻڸˣҪӡ

ʱͼʰĻȻһ£ϰڵһѶȫ
ֺͱ޶Żǽһһƻš
ˡ
ֿæϿ䶼ˣҲ¶ˡ
סֻ䣬һۣҸůһů
һֺĺܽȵϢֱϡ
üۣûжֱ޶չƻְ֣ԡ
ůˣû¡û°ֵ֣޶˵ְֲԣԼԡ
ԡ޶ͷִŵͣһһ麰ְְ֣֡
ֱֿЦôһҲ֪㡣
Сӡ౦޶ͷ˭ãͺ˭ס
ղô£꣬ݸƻġ
࿴ƻûнӣϲͶԵ㡣
Եġְƻߣ죬ˡ
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ҧ˲žòԣоԼһȣְѰ־ߵƻӹ
ֿʱڵһѾʰǲ䡣
һҪȥһˡͻȻ˵Ҫһ
һ㶣ɻʣǸղŵ£
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Ѱ𣿡죬Щǵ˵Ҳȥ
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Ǳִ󣬴Щᶯ֡
ȥȥ࿴ڴĬƬ̣ҿű޶
šָ˵ĵͷߵı޶ұ
óһСޱڿϣ޶
ְ֡޶˵˹ȥСһɣȥˡ
֪Сӣ԰˵ûСȥ˼ҡ
Լһ̫¶ˡЦСвϲġ
æʱԼšѱ޶ã˵޲֡
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Χˣû˽ӲԺſԾȵġ
塣һʮСкܹ˵£ǹޡ
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ˣСкںĻյ˵ۼһ֦ҲûʲôõˣͰæ£
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С֪ࣿСкЦע⵽֣ȵصɴ۾զ
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ӳ˹кһ˻ˣǾһ¼ӵ¡
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ֻȺмվŵļӣֿЩüеϻˡ
ԵǸС׵ϸߣһֻ۾Щ
ԱߵһкҲǱ˵Ĳᣬ˿˶ۡ
˵˵ôɣ˹һҲǿ̯ôһԶĸ
ʮ꣬˪һ˫ӷ͸
Ҫּҡ׵кֱӿڵҽ㻻ǼֲǳԲ𷹣Ǿǲǵ˿
󻢡СＱæһµĿܣͷӳܲܰҵĲǮܵǣҰˡ
һΪ˵ܵǿ˵ܵûҪѧòǮѧ
۾һȣױȣôµĺӡ
զ̯һԶͿĸ
ղ˵ˣ⼸ӸĸһöһҰһТȥԼĸûһżĺӡ
Ҫһӿ޳ҲҪѧҲҪѧ
һޣСҲſޣֿȥһǸСк֡ͨһ¡
ӳȾȽɡۡޣǲˣǷּҰɡ
ҪŽ񣬸Ѱʮ٣Ҫָ˵ҰҲͬ⣬˵ҲҪ򡣡
üһһôСĹˣΪЩ
ǮҲˣ˵ǽ˼ҸӰ񡣡󻢲ᣬû˹ǣǾԼ
£ȴû˵˼ҵļȻò塢֡
ĬƬ̺󣬴ӳ˵£ֻܵû취ּҡ
˶˵ֻҳӸ
ӳֿЩҳһ£ô죿
־ͼЩ˻ཻͷӶ¡
ȴǣĸڣôСĺӷּҲϹءеͬ飬˼Ҽô⡣
ֻֿ࣬üͷ֪ʲôһֱû˵
ûһ˼


5 
ۣһûסڿŴЦͣ
Щס̫ѹˣźǿ
ûʲô취
ֻӣĿѯʵĿ
ࣺ
ĬһȻڣʲô˵ôʲôá
ЩУ˵зֱû
ڳʮ꣬ЩǼ棬˵ˡ
һͷ˲ٳĬֻܷ
ȿȡ
һʮˣͻȻȻǺ壬Ҳû취
ҲȰǸĸһΪѵ˵ȰסҲû취
˼ǣּܰҡ
ֵܣ׷׵ͷȷʵû취ͬ⡣
ǰûǸ㲻ԹҪɩ
ɵ˲Żɡ
һ̬˸ſڣȰȰɣôСĺӷּңҲ
ү̹ǿ˵óָûûˡ
֣
֪Щ˲ͬ
˼ؾɣּҵĺӣǳֲ̬ͬȡ
ǣֻвТĶûвǵĸĸ
˼׷ɣ²꣬ͼһ˵ǰ
۰Ĺ£壬ǰɣ
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һ׷׹ڻǰſǡ
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˵꿴ܣй÷⽨˼ҪЩӡ
ָָӣʮĴССʮСʮˣǿжߣĺ𣿡
˳ָһһȥСûһ⣬ϵ·öòռ
ǼʲôӲܴﵽģ
Ǯȥָʲôȱ۵˲ܰ£
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־ͿЩˣͷûһ˳Ļ
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Щ˵
һ仰£תӳ˵Ȼò塢֣е̬ȻҪС
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⺢Ӹɵ¡
ҲжΪѣˣ⺢жĴ
ˡ˵ȥʲôæû
ϡֵһĸߣȾܣغлл塣

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һĪôˣ
˵˵¡һ࣬ΣĿŰ֣ô£ûعоˣô䵽ϣ㲻֪𣿡
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ࣺ
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ࣺӰɡСĽӻУء
ѽһԴЩգҪϻˣܸһСꡣ
һŰ˶ʮ˺ţ¶ʮգСڶ졣
࿴յģǿһ£дء
ԡֶʱˣһꡣ
һѱԹһԣı޶Цʣ޶ϲ𣿡
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ڶϤͺˡ޶޶Ժڼסˡ
ѽֶԺ޶óԵĺģ
Ҫְ򡣡˭֪޶һھܾСһ˵Ҫ˶
˵꿴࣬һѰͬģ
岻ˡЩ˵޶廰԰ְһ
֣
һϲ಻ԼˣԺҲô
ˡ
Ȼͣݣȴһůȼ˸
ЩҲ޷ȡ
ĸ￪ˡ˵һǰĺá
ϰ࣬йǣ԰ࡣ
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ֵأҲ±Ҫĺһ㲻ס
ӣѧЩѾ޴󣬵ֵظ޷
һ˾Ƕ೤ֻ֣٣Ҫ취
˵ɡ鵭޶С벻ˡ
Ҳǡ룬ͷڼȰɡ
Ӻ͵أһҲ벻ˣȷʵ޷߳ȥ
û£ءһЦԼǿ׳ţҳȥǮչ˼
˵ЦݲõĶԻգգۣ˵⡣
һͣĿֲ֧İ֣һСɵϡ
л˵
ÿ춼Ҫɾһǧ֣оϻ̫࣬Ǻд


6 
һˡָյſھͺ࣬ҿš
һҹߣǷҪ
Ϳ޶һԣһ˫Բ۾
޶ˡСЦʣְأ
һȦ಻Ѿſˡ
ְ޶˵Լ
ãǳԼһЦһ޶Ϻ˵ˡ
·ѱźã޶·
һ󿪿ϵװɫ黨£һɫ޿ӣŻͦÿ
ƿ·棬ް޿㣬Ȼһ㵫һҲûС
ǰչ˵ãֲܰһĲô
·ֿЦ˫Ь޶ϲϲ
˵ţĻ˵·ˡ
°ֲţ·óСĿ죬̫ࡣ
Ҳ·ˡ˵ƽͳһһް
ֻǸĶһЩëش¡ްëţп㡭ʮ
ͬĿûǮֱ˷ѡ
ô˷ءֲЩ·Ǿʱ˿ʽﶼûҲ򲻵
ࣺ
˵ʲôֻôǮΪ˭²ԸҲ˵
ֳ극Ҫȥϣǻ˵ƽǰѳˣǻȥɡ
֣жԼǮѽ
Ҫȥʾһˡ˵¡
Ƚг϶˵ߣһ·źܿϡ
ʱŰ˵һ㡣
ȥʾ֣³׼ʼ
ʱϼ˻࣬·԰̯ĵǶˣֹһȦ˽ģһʼһһ
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ȥ磬Ҳ࣬ڳӦûһ缷ſڵȿš
һⰸϵļӣ۾һˣͳƱҪʮGʮǰ
ļ⣬廨⣬ֲ
ôࣿʦһ㶣ĿŰ˵߽ǰ˷һ
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ֵͷȷʵˣҲҪõԴᡣ
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꣬ȥ桢ӡղ˱ȹĺá
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ʱϵԽԽ࣬ΧԵ̯
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˵̧ϳһﳵˡ
ﰵңҺԼӦʱ࿴ԼԩǮһ

һˡ
ָյſھͺ࣬ҿš
򿪴ţͼг˿Ӷ
һڣǸ㣬𣿡
ԡסΧ¶ģüûˣζ롣
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ҲкܶóԵġֵͷյ˵̫ˣԲ𡣡
ࣺ
̾ô࣬ܲԵġ
ʲôȥ򡣡˵Եģʲô
֪Цˣһü˵㲻᲻øҳԡ
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򲻶һЦݲãһ㲻ҵ˵˭Ǯǻƽʲô
ü۵ʹͳʣôǮ
жǮʱѰߵġ
ݰԼ˵⼸ûϵҲܸһǮ
ġֵüԻգգۣĸ￪ˣ⡣
ѧУкܶѵͬѧż˲ܻؼңΪû·ѡ
ѧУǮһٷĻҪԼ
еͬѧͷúǮȻҲһԱ
ʱĲЩǮС⡣
ѧУѧС˵ܴǮȻҪɡ
˵赭дǮףһжɡ
ǻĻ᲻֪ж࣬Ķʱһһ
˫ץסּ䰵ӿ֣Ϊʲôһֱ˵
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˵꣬Ƴϵı޶ʱֱ׳㲻Ҳû˵
һߣίǮҲҪԼһôôࡣ
⸱ίģһΪԼĻһѰӵ
ݺݵıסҲ֡
ܡ
дǰ̣δעǰ·
ƻ
ȭͷҧԼ嶯¶԰ֵ˼
Һܺãġ˵Ϊҵġչ˺ԼΪԺ˼ϡ
ȴ֣ҲҪ㱨סˡ
彡һװ˶ͷűԼͷİ֡
ЩڣӦһ˱˴ϵӦð֮⡣
᲻á
ٴοǰˣ֪жˣ޲۾ڰϡ
Щ໹ǵ˵ҪҾˡ
֪֪ͷ࣬˶ҪӵģΪЦе˵ҲûһǮĶû֪ӻᲶ۲ԩǮ
ͻȻӣһ˵Ҷһ߰ˣŵ棬˵Ҫͷ
Զһͺˡ˳Ʒſ򣬡ȥЪţʰЩ
ְ۵ʢĺ촽һֱǰΡ
Ʋסĺѵһ£°ѳֲסԼ
ƻµܰг
ף˼ֻһıԼܻ⡣
뵽ղ˵£˵ӽӵ֪ͨ첶㣬ͱ޶һȥ
ġһϲһȥ޶Ҳԣ


7 
ඣ
һ֣һǰ棬ȥඣ
޶Ĳ
ġ޶һ棬رãְ֣޶
ءֲʾҲѽ
޶ͷһЦ¶Сѣá
ִۣЦ޶˵ඣ
þûôģһ·üɫ裬ͣĶ޶Ц֡
࿴ĵЦݣ࣬ϲģ
Զĺӡ
ٽ뽭·ϰСʱ͵
һ·ٴӵˣİֿ죬İġ
˰ꡣָпҾͿż죬ʶ
û¡ʱˣͶʶˡ
·ǺܿߣѾ˺ܶˡ
Ů٣ͽõվһ˵˵ЦЦò֡
һЩСӣʵЦ֡
ˡָ̾Ҷôģã
šͷȥ濴滬ע¡
֪ˡס첲ҷ㣬ѱ޶ˤˡ
ࣺ
ܸ첲ϵǷԼԼˤԼ
Űϱ㣬ϷɢˣŸٱ㡣
Ľһƿֱÿһߡ
һˣͣ½Ųվ𶯣ҹȥ
šֽӹ޶վԭûٱĵطжʮԶ
֪ѡˣϱ㣬˶ҡ
ǽ˻Ĺû
Żȥվȣ˷ܵغٿˣˡ
ʱּæΧϵΧ¶һЦݡ
ְѰű޶ıӶƿһ㣬޶ְֲˡ
޶ñӣϱΧţ¶һ˫ԲĴ۾
ķ򣬴غְ֡
ְһ͹ֺû䣬ԶͻȻһȣˡ
ּæתͷԶһһ㣬١
ˡϲغ࣬ˡ
ˡӻ֣Ҳˣš
˵ȥͼ˿ʼ׼֪ʱܶ࣬ò˶һͻ
ֻǿϧ̣Ҫ֪ͨſԶ֡
һҲղܳԵմĽˮ㡣
ط½ĺһĴ㡣
֡
üЦĴţŲĿ֣ͻȻະһתͷͼһˮ档
һұQײҼҪ벶׽ˣǱһµڱϡ
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ȵĴ޶ΧСȺģٴһ
޶𣿡ЩǣȻ뿴ҲܰѺӶţɵҪǻȥɡ
û¡ܿʹˣһһߡ
ÿ򼸴㣬ÿ¼ƣǲģɵ˼ල
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ƣϽһ㣬ʣµĲܸҷ֡
ֺͻҲ˽ߣŴӳæĲɿ
ҪȻȥ˵޶ʱ̫š
һȥ˵Ⱥٳ
߰ɡҲ½ߣܶؼůһȥ㡣

㣬Ⱥȥɹ㡣
ϰѱ޶ߣ㣬ˡ
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ЩõĶͻȻ˵һ¡
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ӳȣ۾ĴѰĲˡ
ͿʼϹأÿ㣬е㣬Сڿʼ֡
žһʼ֡
ÿǰ㣬Цݣɢϲá
ʡǮܳԵʵ㣬һˣ˭᲻ˡ
ܿ캰࣬ͰǰԼǷꡣ
ֿͰװ㣬ÿأһһ㡣
е㣬ÿҲж࣬Ҳͻŷ֡
վڰߣٵһߣʣһЩȥ
ˡҡҡͷֵ㹻ԣûҪٻǮҲࡣ
֪಻ǮҲǮŻҪߡ
㲻㡣վŲȥϣʲôʱԾͳԡ
ô໹ѽֵһۣȹ꣬ůˣġ
࿴Ų֣εֻܸߣֻ˼Լȴͣˡ
øɣ£תߣҪ㣿
͡ôһ˵෴ߵĿˣֻЩˡ
֣
Īо鲻ãҲֻ֣һ·Ĺ۲ɫ
û̫Ҳʲô
ףԶԶſվżˣ˭ѽ
صˡȻ䣬㲻ᡣ
л˵
ǰЩĶһСִһǧݣƵ£ظݣش˵һ¡


8 
డ
һʮ̫̫Ц棬ˡ
̫̫΢֣պûжƣżҾȽϺá
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ޱź̫ˣ
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һԵľˣܹҲں档
֪á
ʲôһȭͷٲ֣Ǵӵ˾ˣǻСӿ϶Թ
ǿƺˣŽӵæŷ㣬סࡣ
׼ٵʱвȻǴһ٣ûʵһ㡣
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һ̫̫ʱҲӦһѻɵվŵĺˡ
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رţԼСظүү򣬴үүǺúǸүǡ
ܹİ֣
ͷʺţʲôԣ
ڵСôҰҪǺúҪүǣ
ôû˼ţĶ´࣬żʣ𣿡
û¡ӹı޶ġ
ͷӿܵúİ֣Ĵһ˿ͣ䣬Ƚݰɡ


9 
ſڣվڻߣǰı׵ļˡ
رǸװһ̫̫ѾӵĸŮǳͷϻץ˼
Ǳ̱ڵϡ
ղżֵˣҲѹڵһܶûԻʱĽ
ﰵһڣá
ȻԶʮİСӶ֣һŴϣôӸ˿
Ǻã
áӳŴȹߺȣãһ·
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żӸɲʮͷڴӿ˵ϻЩ
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´һ£һûˣǳ׺
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10 
һʮ
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ԼԽԽԺѧΪһ֮˽ӺԼˣݲҪҲա
һµĿǰһĻ֪ʹӳ˵ʲôߴΧʱʱСۡ
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жϵǶΪƵġ


11 
ڣΪ˿˿𷢳졣
æվһԾţû˵԰
ֱ޶ݳסȣŴƳְ֡
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12 
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13 
ȼ˰ɣ
һ·СܣѧУõ˵ھߡ
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٣־Цرթү˵סǴӣҾֵ֪ܷᡣ
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Ϊʲô˵ٺӴӾܸ᣿ʣӺѧУйϵ
ȡ־֪Լ˵ˣæΪǴԶ
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ûû÷һæһԣԼߣ

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ΪԼģ׺ݣźݻвһ˼ˡ
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ġֿ࣬ؿ˵ҪǸ׷һǺÿ
㲻úֵá
š͵ӦһĿŰ֣ġ


14 
ѩ׷ɣëѩ裬ܡǽͷת˲һѩס
溮ããһƬů紺ֿŹеĿŴ⡣
ǻ̫ʱˣָ̾һĹѩô󡣡
Ϊ˸·ϵķɿ죬˺ֻѩû´ϻؼҡ
ãֱ·ů͹ɢСѩתΪëѩ
š࿴һ۴⣬üͷ壬·ѡ
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˯ˡ޶۾СԴһһĴ˯ֲЦ˯ء
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漴һͷͷڰؿڱ˯˹ȥ
˯Ҳ̫ˡ־ȣǽȥ۵𣿡
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һϵ̵ˣƳһۣԹ˭أⲻг
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˺ˡںȰˣǱˡ


15 
Էˡ
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16 
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ʱ˺ܶ࣬Ȼܰ˭˭ȥ޹Ҳ֪顣
˵ʵʱܼһǼæʱֻ˵Ǹݰæ
û񷸴¡
ǿҲӦһûãǵȥܼҡ
תˡ
ֻǲ֪ô̸ܼģ˼ǿŸĸҽԺǩֵĵҵࡣ
ǵϺȻǩŻ֡
ԭǸŮӣҪǩ֣ǩֵ˱ȻǺӸס
ڲ֪£˰ŵĺӸס
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ҪҪô취ǿϰ࣬ҪôԼøǿ
һ֣Ҳͬ⣬Ȼܾǿǵв
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ɶһ㶣Ķʱһ˿˿ۡ
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ǲţһ㶵Ŀ࣬⻰ʲô˼
ʲô˼κ೿Ӧ죬æʵ˭в㣬вʲôôв
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۲ʳֹҲͲͨһ˳ı߸֧֡
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ǸҲ׾ʹ
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Ȼû֤ݡͻȻڣһֱΪġ
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Ҫǻ෴ݲܼҵ°ϣҺܼҵ˶ҪеΡ
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ϴȫˣʣܼвǡ
ԡͷǿҴ£⻰ʲô˼Ӧס
вܼ˵ܰǿһôҪôұQҪôϵù⡣
ʲô˼ֿǼĬӣѱ
šͷѱСֻϡ
ҵЩ꣬һˣΪæµ
ͳܼӵеİѱ
ʱһЩ׶ҪϾϵȴǣ֪Ǳ˱Ƕ鷳
಻ҷܼңаٱˡ
һ˵ù
ˣ֪κ೿ˣܶᱻǣ
ðա
ȥˡల°֣ҲûԸѹ˭Ҳõ
ΪаѱҲУơ
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ܼҲǣ
ΪʲôֲףΪʲôҪô㣿
˴Թ޳𣬻ͬѧѣǿĹǻలŵġ
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Ϊû⡣ЦЦ˵ܾȢܼڼҵŮǿûаﵽףֱǿš
Ҳⱨɣ
л˵
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ


17 
ƮѩҹգµӨףĵĻҰ
ڿϣȥԳߣĶǻࡣ
ͻȻ֣мı޶ס֡
ֲ֪û˯ֻ˵ĻõҪ
ҪԼģ˿ǲ˵˯̤ʵ
뿪ӾͲ뿪˵ءйʻǮǳԿۡ
ֲԺƽǶˣҲ뿪һڼ
˵죬Ҳûһ㶯˯ˡ
Ͼ˲پơ
˵Լ˵ĻһԼ˿̵飬ԸԳıۡ
ΪԼ뷨ԼϲҪģǱΪ֡
ԼλǰĿǰٰ߳ӡ
뿪ƶ壬ȥ深УʶأԼ¡
ƶۡ
⼸ദִӻֻƬУ˽һЩ뷨
нĿģ̬ȣ߳ȥ
ҲǱǷǷ˵̫ҲǶƴƣû뵡
ֻŴӣƬĵط
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£ֺܿ˯죬֪ڰһ˫۾һֱ
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Ҳ˰֣ԼԸأûǰһ
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ڶ죬Ϊ˯̫һ˯˵࣬κ೿Ѿˡ
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ֵ˵ʲôҲðֲ塢֣һϴܲһڵʰײˡ
վһߣʲôҲ岻֣ۻ˵ǻСȥɡ
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ôһ˵ˣ磬ȥɵĲͦãûﵹæ
ҲҪѧŸɻһԵĳƽЦЦ԰˵࣬ڳˣҲҪŸֵֻһۡ
⻰˵İֱһᣬůģͬ˵ǳˣˣ֪Ǵ粻ס
ĵܵһܿİɣ˵ֵ֪á
㻹Ҹʲô̧ͷһ˵˵Һܺãǲš
ŰЦӯӯ˵ųƽãҲű޶ԺҲá
ⲻҲܵɡ
ɵ棬ΪãĲ㣬޹ء


18 
ѩͣˡ
һϲſڴϿ棬˯ʱ¡
նգڱ̫ƲµɫԣӾϾ˸оů
ǽͷ֦ѾϺѩǵ㺮ҲһɨգϲԾ¶΢Ц
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ⲻµЦе˵ģΧ⡣
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ࣺ
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ĻɡƽһۣĶ㡣ôأ˼˵

䲻˵ģôԼˣ
ҲûǴʮǵøϽԺӴɨɾ
ܵԲ
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СƽҲϻˣ֪Ҳ˵ףû±ǰգøָһҿָͦסǼҡ
ðɡһС˰̾Ϣ˵ʲôʲôֻҪܸˣզĶС
ֵ⣬ðֺǴһ˳ٰѱ޶š
ദ
ֺͻˣ֪˫̥Ƕһ¡
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Ҳظ΢Ц
̻ܰãӵʱԽԽ÷ֿ
ڻ໹ǣһƿĿ⣬ٿȥԲóˡ
ˡֺƽǣǹ԰ɡ
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ǽǻҲûôˣҲһЩС죺ǿǼʮء
Ի²ס죿ƽĵӶͱԡ
ֵֿܴ̣о˼Ի̾Ǽҵĸо
ҲҵһӡºͣŰ˵ֻҪԸ⡣
ȻԸ⡣۾һȣЩᣬҲԼмҵĸо
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СĢմ㡢Źǡ⡢ӡ֡˵㡢⡢Ρʮˡ
ϲͲࡣЦЦǵԲꡣ
л˵
أǳעⰲȫϴףǣÿһ졣


19 
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ѸG˭ܳԵԤᷢӵкôֺһ¡
ȥϴGǫ߶ţǳƶӣҲҪԵһ
óԳšε˵أôҲܳԵһ
ɲһһ°ͣ˵˸ˣÿܳԵGֻһ
аۣЦĵ⣬ѧУؼҹͬѧ˴ϤĴһ꣬ʮҲܳԵ֮һ
ǿǰͷŵĸGǺܶ˾һҲԲȴܳԳ
ࣺ
ӲһףϲҲţԷԼQ
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ָ·᲻̣
ǡ죬գһ۾ͻȻЦˣðɣʹԼ
ŻϵɫԽƽƲްɫĿӣһ˫Ь
оġ
ǿı޶˵Ǵ󷽵صðɣΪ˱޶㰮ʲôʹʲôɡ
˵ͷѻϵ£ٴµϿһ飬Ŀ䵽ϡ
㴩ʲôÿ
л˵
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ


20 
ۣ
ֵּȺӣȵʣզôأ
һˮķɫ·ͷϵӡ
ЩƯĹŤЦɷ
һĶ飬һۿͷ￴ȫѤɫʡ
Ƶϰˡ
һţǰ죬ǰߵӲſڣ滹ͦԶĵط
ӺˡվԱ˵ȥͳһ·Ķӡ
Ӻ󿴣ȻĶӣЩСõġˡ졣
ضá
á
Ťĺá
һк쳹ϿգЩŤĸ
ãЦöûˡ
ÿ¶ڹʱŤ裬ϱ꣬µӡ
ֻ·¾ɲͳһʲôĶУźʱһ
ȴǲͬ·ȡҲµġ
ӵ˶ˣԿݣһҸЦݡ
ˡ
һͻȻһʮˣվ
һͷģٲ٣ǧ˰ٲӶ࣬ٽӿͰ

ԣˡ
䣬˸壬ٽӿͰ
ЩӵˣȻвǴĳݲס
ÿӶ㲹
ǱҲûǿӲҪ󣬶ǴԼŸҲû˵ʲô
˵˵Ļ
üЦֺǺǵĿ֣ӻǮ
ȥ˶ʮ겻֪˵νǴֺһ¡
Ŷֵͷ治١
ʮ
ͻȻһɤӣѰһ۾ȵ˵ô𣿡
ʵ˵ӳǲǷˣ
ʱĹʲŶ٣ʮǮһͨһ¹ʻࡣ
ܡ˼Ƭ̣ӸǮˡ
ʮ
ȵˣ໡һ˷ܵĺյǮٽӴ󷽰
ˬ
ףٽүǣСϱǣȷǡ
áӳҲøȣЦظǼˡ
ЩͷģһֵŴ㣬ŤĻЩ
һʱ䣬Ŵĸ죬ŤĸһӴﵽˡ
ҿӵ˸̧ͷͦأһԺģ
оЦ
֪Ĵ֪ŴյߣСҪǮ
ǰ漸ӣǮ̧ǲϡ»ûӡ
Ͼһ˵档
ǡٶһЩҲǴ۵ĲС
˵ı޶һеְ֣˴ҡ
û¡æ̧֣󱳣ְָࡣ
˵ſ޶󣬡ʲôأ˭Ⱥֵģ
Сӣʮ߰꣬Ⱥ֣һһ
һ˵ʱˣŲ£զˣզˣ
üͷһ壬ͷ˵Ǵȥ
Ⱥ֣ı˿ãôᡣ
ôǣٲߣǳȥ
˭ѽ첱ӿզˣ
Χֺģû޶Ļ෢ŷֲԡ
ǰӵġʵȺ֣˭һ˵þͻ
ŶˣȷʵҪ˵ú˵
̧ȥüͷüǶҪĵġ
Ļһˡ
šͷ˳ɿüͷû£Ǿһ£һǵ˭
šͬĵͷ첱ٿСӣѾȺˣˡ
Ǿ߰ɡûһֻۣ˵㿴ģû¡
ˡֿӿʼƶǮ˰
ࣺ
⻰ô˵
Ǯˣܸݵڣ
ô䡣˵˰СʱҲЪһЪϢһˡ
šӦһѾתͷſ𣿡
һ·ȥ
ȥҡͷ첲⼷̫ˣǻؼҰɡ
Ⱥû˵ĵطɿͷ˼һ
ҲϲҺĳ档
֪ϲ˶˼һˡ
ѽؿڣһ£ŵҿţûҼ
ߣһֱǼҲޡ
ϾǴӵˣ࿪һãӡ
뵽ЦӯӯĿŻ࣬ҪǲҶǰȥ
˭ǰһŵĵطøˣԼں濴ء
Ҷ֪ջ˭Ҳ
⵹Ҳǡͬӵ˶ơ
ᣬٽӵĿܺãϲЩʵˡ
֨֨
רѩĵطȣıĲֺк޶
ѱ޶£ǣ֣ǲѩ˭ȵ졣
޶ӦţʹСţţҲȣҲȣʹȡ
ִЦ˲Լѩˣ޶ʹҸʹ
ҲȣҲȡ޶Сͨ죬аҲˤʹֻСţȵĸ¸졣
ࣺ
һԣεҡҡͷɨɾ¶·ߣרǽѻѩĵطȥ
ǿһһСĸˣĵķŲʹ졣
žС·ֵӰԼǰֿɼ
ͻȻҸĸо
ֻߵҲеͷʱ򣬺ܿ͵Ǽͬ
ףű޶ǰ棬ĵʱ򣬻Ȼ俴һˡ
ࡣּæתͷˣ㿴˭ǲվǼſڣ
ǣű޶תܵǰָǰʶ𣿡
һվڻſڣһг
ʶ翴ˣ£򡣡
û¡һͷҵӺܴ󣬲µˡ
ǡͷӦǣ٩˵Сõá
ѽһӺĶ½ţ˵ҲŲǡ
ٽʱһֻ󹫼ŵˣͷ˺Զ
ۡĺѴӵ˶Цˣ˵ӵ
һţá
һ£ͺ޲ôأһֻ󹫼ʲô
ֻʶӦˡ
ܡӻ֣ʾİҸˡ
˰죬׿ˣȴվںͬڲˡ
һ㶣漴ϲ˵ѽҵİˡ
ղžͿŴЩ졣
漴һѱ޶Żܣ죬Ҫˣ


21 
ʲô
Ϳּ͵Ĳôİ
ΧæŲͷҲû̧˵ҿǼ˴ˡ
̵˵ȫǴۣ˵ĲС
֪䣬ٻʱŴʲôȱֺ
˵иӴһΧ۸ҲãҴҸϹȥû
û뵽ˡ
ҳ׼ȫëΧǰΧȫ۴
ֲ𿪰óһΧ࿴㿴ãʵůͣԪһ
Ŀۻ࣬¶Цݣ̵ԪǮһأǹ绹ûС
ָ߻ࣺǰҪԪ˽ǣһһԪ˵ҵǮ
ࣺ
ûǮˣ
ͷһΧŶ֣ô𣿡
ȻСֺɵ˵ûģҪȥﻹҪѣء
ͷû˵ʲô԰ɡ
ֻ̫ãϾ۸жϲȴ᲻ûǮ
ԪһֵϹ˼Ĺˣ˫ְͥ
һ㲻
ȥǰӡΧó˶࣬ӱǴӺã˻һЩ
ִȥԡ
ûмеʱȽ٣Ҫȹɼʱȥ

үǣǡ
øȣֱš
ΧůÿΧʵݣѽ
緹гǰӣҪڸܲȥһЩ
ԪԪඡԼվɹëůΧҶѽ
ʱ˶ڼèЩĳҲǸߵ֡
ֺ˰Ҳûһˡ
һҲ٣ˣˡ
ʮӣСƨ߰ģЦָܵǰ
ɶô֣
ΧƯů͵ΧЦЦ嶳Ľţһ¡
гͷӣ˩ϣΧһ档
졢ơɫһ۾ܿɫ޵ĸʽΧ
ۣСһϲƯǴѧѽ
ǴѧҲܴЦЦֻҪǮκ˶ԴŶ
ûǮСҡͷŲø򡣡
ǾԼ򡣡˵ǿЩΧƯһÿ
ܱˣҲûǮ
СһϲЩΧɫرÿ
ǻǵһοôƯΧ
һСָһΧ˵ҿѧƯΧˡ
ÿһСЩȴѧĺÿ
ָָɫɫɫΧɫ޵ɫ
Ҳ˵Լۣ˵Ĳˡ
˵ЩɫҲÿӵġɫģǽ꾩ʱֵĿʽ϶ûġ
ȥһСȾܣÿΧȴѧĻҪÿ
ôһ˵Сһɢתܸһɶ
ЦǺǵĿţԶȣ˳
¿ΧƯÿΧҶѽ
ʱֱˣëů͵Χתֱඡ
ϣôʱѽһŮӰǰջһڼҼﶼûٻһǮ
һŮˣʮģɫɫ
ӡһЦٲûҲǲЩ޹ؽҪĶ
ָΧ˵㿴ЩΧɫƯÿǾ¿ʱֺʵůͣʺڴ
ø㿴ָУǲǺʵͣоֶůˡ
ǲΧЩֵ˵ֻһͲܱˣɣ
һ㶼󡣡۽⣬в˶˵ǳ̵ֱļ۸񻹱ˣкܶɫʽ̵ҲûС
Դһ㲻˵̵ԪǮһֱɫԪӵġġյĲԪ
Ҫǳֱ˭۸񡣡
Ԫ󣿡һŮߵָ۸˵ʮˣóԶ೤ʱ䰡
ֿһۣһҲշЦӯӯ˵ӣʮһԾˣΧܴܶꡣ
һֵڰҼĻѽ
˵ΧˣǱȺģҲǴڼû˼֡
ֻһ۾ͱЩƯΧ
ƯΧ϶ûġ
ѽǼҴѧһ
Ϲˣܴġ
󡣡ɫΧǶôʵÿΧԪǮ˵𣿡
̵ɻԪء
ְѸղ˵óֱ¿ʽʱֺÿůƯ۸ˡ
ԪһŮȣûɣǼҴѧ˵Ԫء
û˵Ц̵ȷʵԪıΪֱΪԼĲƷ۸ǳۡ
Щ˵һһ㶵ģºֵˡ
ҲκĲԡ
ֻǿƯΧһ¶ҪһԼϡ
Ǿģ
㵥λһܺðɣôõΧȻôˣ
һ¹ʶ٣һܺðɣ
ãЩôʳ⣬ǽ͵Ҳǳҵˣǰѵæ
һɡ˵ůͺÿӺҲԼ
ֿЩŮЦŮҲһƯƯҸöѽ
򡣡һ꣬һҧ˵ҪŮӸһ
˵ͳһŴŽᣬݸ˵ɫĸҹŮ˵Ҫúô硣
ֽӹǮȸΧ˵ݹǮҲҪ
˴ͷʱ׷ҪһӰѰΧˮйͨ
һͷѾðϲΡ
ȴǸ߸Цĺϲ£졣
ȵˮɡһϤߵߣϢһҰ㿴š
զˣ־ϲתͷͻȻֵĻ࣬һ°˵˺ܶࡣ
šͷˡ
ʱΧһȺˣҲûＷ
塣޶֣ԲۣΧ
֡˹ˡ˴뱭ˮЦӯӯĶԱ޶˵޶ҲΧˣԣ
˾ͳ˵ûһҪΧ
û˵ˣԼһֱȱ޶˾Ȳ׷ˡ


22 
㣬㡣
һСıżæŵһŮˣˣ˼Ҷˡ
һǸղ˵ؼСˡ
󻹸Ųˡ
ŮһȺĿ궼ֻһ˫Ŀˡ
ˡԻ˵㿴ñ޶æҹ˲ǡ
һӣûվԼ󣬡ðæԼС
˵ͿһСЦ𼱣Уء
Сһţ
ѽȻ˵ղŲ˵ؼ𣿡
ָָŵЩΧÿѡƯġ
С˳ִᣬ˫۾ĿɫΧҿÿ趼ܴ
䣬һŮߵԣǳզզġ
Ů˺ᣬʮģƤ׾ˡ
ǸƯŮˡ
һ䣬ŮһЦ㣬Т˳㣬ɲ˵ѽ

һƯÿ˵¿꣬ЦӯӯĿ㡣
˵ʲô
⺢ӶЦЦƤҪǲ˵ŵ㣬֪ôء
ûϷߡСķô˵Ҹʲô
ԶԶԡּæ˵۾ǰһ㣬ëû죬ⶼ¡
ɲҲǶϹ˾Ͻ˵㣬㿴ϲһЩΧƯ
ʱΧΧܶˣһЩŮˡ
һЩŮ
֪Ȩ긾Ů벻˵㡣
ӡֽһȦˣǽԼΧ۸ˣɫԪɫյԪ
֪ЩںʲôһǿúʵůͣĵƯ۸Ҳ󡣡
ǲ˵ĸоů͡
Ǻÿʵů͡
һͷһοôÿΧûġ
ֿۣתС裬Цʣ㣬пõ𣿽Ĳ࣬ϲľ°ɡ
ԥֵĻæʣ˵㣬̫ˡ
ѽ־ȣ㣬զ˵أǳֱǳ۸ûб˵ˡ
¶һ˿ɻ󣬳Ͽҵʵѵ㿴бĻ˵ģ

ɫЩΣ˵ȷʵˣĹΧ
ҲûΡ
裬򡣡Сżߴٵ˶ˡ
ΧԽԽ࣬˵ŵĻǮ
򡣡ҲϰԽۣһ˵˼ûУóʮԪǮ
ЦǺǵؽӹǮ㣬Ҳ̫ˣ໨ԪյĶÿ
ôǮȷʵϲյģһ뵽Ҫ໨ԪͲ⣬ˡ
ҲһʹѧһΧҲ
۸Ǳȴѧıˡ
ӶǮԼеΧҲûн۵ˡ
æǮΧ˵ʱ䶼ûˡ
һһ˹ȵѴΧ꣬û򵽵ˡ
ûûˡһǸ⣬һˣ֤Χ㣬˶򵽡
аһСӼæʲôʱǰš
˵ģһš
ЦǺǵİʣµ˴ߡ
̯ӣͱű޶Զָ˵Ļӻ˵ˣˡ
ĲУھͿǮ˶١
ߡЦݣβסԼļؼһء
ࣺ
ŰֲõЦݣ˷ܵһоЩ
ڰֱϹһ£˵ġ
Ҿѽֺĵ٩Цü䣬ҴӶˡ
ߴߴ˵ͣ߻ߵһж
жû򵽣Թһźģ
һɷȭͷ緢˵Ҿ˵Ǯҵľ̸֮ܿ˰ɣ
ࣺ
εĵͷϵصͷˣֺ˵Ķǽԡ
֪ͺáгĴ˵ñ޶Ҵ
޶һתŻְֳ
ãְֵĳЦСƨɣСճ˾
һʱ䣬ַˣ޶رճŻࡣ
뿪һãֻҪһСʱȻĵһࡣ
гСһ͵ţʮ·һСʱ͵ˡ
ֽһҲûȣЬϿͰǮóһӵڿϡ
к࣬һǮôһ˿
ʲô±޶ڿ˵ůһ¡
ҲͷҲ̧˵ǲģҵȿ˶١
յĻԪʮԪǮһԪԪҲ٣Ҫһ
ʮԪһԪһһԪԪűһ
һǧߡǮԼõΧɫһǧԪһٻɫ߰٣öһֲһֲ١
ٺ١һЦǮֶԻһ£˫˵˶Ǯ
ࣺ
߰ʮԪĿ۰֣ⶺ˵ҪβͣڶҪˡ
ǡЦģԲѵ˵Ҫгһܷء
߰ʮԪ
˼С⣬ǵһôǮܲ⡣
Щźһ۵ģһ˵Χûһ˵εĻˣԺûô˵ĻԴ
ࣺ
˶̰Ĳ㣬ԽԽ㣬⻰û˵
һָ˵ıˣһҲˣҲ̫̰ġ
ࣺ
˵ˣҲҪڣ࿴ֻҪһĶ
ҪԼ
ֻһǧΧ̫ˣֳԼ˼ûעε˵㣬ȥһ
ǰ˶ࡣѵӿûôˡ
ǰӶٶ໧һǧ˿ڣǸӱȽϸԣĵط
ûȡ
ְ֪һۣⲻ˴
ôܴ˻أ
ֱȽϲһɣˣԼȥɡ
ࣺ
ǱԼĲ
аɣЦ룺Ǯţƣǲ

ڶ緹ֿһװֿһ౧ű޶Ļࡣ
ֲ˼Դóƽȥˣ̫ˡ
ȥ̬ȼһ֪ҲǸɵ¡
ƽ
һѾȥǶѧϰ
ȥһΣϻͱѵøƵģǵսľʲôҲ˵
һͣ㡣𵽴ܣúÿ̯ӣǡ
Ļ˵ֵܶͬ˵ģһסָ硣
ãȻ
ɻ󣺿Լʲôģ
šصͷȥɣ¡
Ѱ͵ſڣմžƼһֻվҪŵ֡
塣Ц˵С֪࣬˵ĸ
תͷİ֣ͼüͷ΢һĿˡ
֡־һӣŶ겻Ķӣǹ㡣
Ҹʲôƽɻ󣺡ǶϾϵˣ
ʲô̬ȣã޵ĿŰ֣ôԸĸ˵ģ
Ŷֵͷ˵ϲˣҲ˵ˡ
кƽߣг־ӣǲĺá
վסһס¡
ȻϾϵֿԼ첲ϵ֣һ˦˵ͱңʲôҲ
񻪿˦Լ֣۾һɾҪֻǻ˵
𷢻𣬺ú˵־ǰǰȰֶ԰˵ҲȱߣҸطһ˵˵
ʱһߴӰ񻪺Ͱ֮䣬ʶ
һȵĿˡ
ߡ࿴Ű֣˽ҡ
л˵
ҪVˣǱѽ
ԤղأСҽԽŴ塷
İ˭뵽֭ĺ⾹죿
һ꣬Ϊһں⣬ͻʥּ
˳˼һ
˼
û뵽ԼԽŴΪı⣬벻Ե
ü۷ֿЦݲõ꣬˼ڵһ仰
Ի£
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ


23 
Ҫȥ𣿡
࿴ŰԶ, ĮȻ۰־ޣֶԶ˵Ȼȥ
, ǲ, תˡ
ҲȰ־ǻػ, תԺߣֻûйء
־񻪣˵ȥȰɣֿ£ǵһ¡
Ȼô
ûĵһۣǰ棬㿴, Ķ
־
̾ú˵, ӴЩתһЩ, ûҪŪ
Ķӡû˵ԸҪҪ, ҿɲ
࿴ǸûƢһ˸һˮ,ůһ°ɡ
ˡ־ЦЦ˵ִסлչˡ
иˡ൭˵¶ұ˴ӦŹӡ
־˵, ָͽסһǼ˲鷳
ûС˵˺ܺãϽֿŬ࣬ӲԸ鷳
ָ, ʲôҲ, ÿϹ
Ȼ۵ĺ䤱, ɫͨĴڴһ͵
ֻǻĶû˵ĵطޱӡ
־֣Ц࣬УûԹ࣬ǰչˣܿϴѧнĳɾ͡
ѡһӦûҪô
͡Цģһʲôء
ͣ㡣־ɫΣЩŭĵһۣģ˵
Ƴһۣɫ˵ʲô˼
ûûС־æ֣˵̫˵
Ц˵꣬û˵ֻǡ
ղʹ־͵ĹǸҺʵģ
һ£ڿƤЬһش硣
񻪳һ̬ȶӣ˭˳ޡ
һɫ£һëΧ൱ʱ֡
ֻЩʲôϵЩڿڰֵϣôһ䡣
Ȼʶ̧٣ҲûҪôڵӡ
־ʰһİһЩϵһ͡
Ҳûٿڡ
һʱ֮䣬ĬĬԣսЩ졣
ְ֡޶İˣ¡
¡౧סʣʲôְָá
ͷο޶û־ͷһۣž档
ӣ־ű޶ЦСװ׾ģžϡ
ϱˣ񻪲죬ϱôڼסϱͬ𣿡
ࣺ
ô⻰Ťأ
ûϱʲôϵ಻ͷüǼҾһҲȥ𣿡
ǡֱ׳˵ˣôס
ܣ裬ȻһҲ
ﲻضá
ʱȴש߷
Ĳ
ũ岻Ƕ𣿡ɻֱӿʣôôã
벻öҼҵ¡ֱ˵Ǵߵ˼ûҪ˽ʲô
ô˵أһʱˣˣһòûС
־˵˷𣬼æֹ˵ҳͻҳô⡣
ֿ࣬ЦΣһʶƢ
˭ѽŭͿ̱˵ǰסҲ˭ϡʺƵط
˵ŻˣһĿŻ࣬˵ֶΣѰָ£סˣҵʡУƨߵߵܵƵطʲô⣿
ϱ˻סҪ˵ûʲô˼˭ţһǿɵúƣռˡ
־ڲԣһס첲ѵ˵ʲôɡ
ſҡһ˭ôƽס˵ӾǴƭġ
Ǯ־ĲУڱ˼Һ˵˵ʱ˶Ǯûôܺ˵˵
񻪸ҪڣͱϣҪȥ泳
롹һ׺Ŀ񻪣üͷ𣬡Ҽңֲš
־ϡ࣬ѾֱӵҶ֣ӳȥ
㶯֡ƲƲ죬߰ͷм˵ȰֻǾߡ
ֻǻû˵꣬첲ߣ־Ȱ˵
򿪴һƳȥ
ʲôйߵһڣţбҰҸ治㡣
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ⱲӾûܹοǰ֣񻪸ǲ
ԽԽˣ־̾ϢԽԽ㡣ǰ»ûȥôһ
ﰵ룺ðѣ

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رгƲȥĿݺͳޣһһߵĺǷѾ
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ΧһȺˣת۰Ѱûһߴֿٰһ㡣
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翴ԼϲʽͳǮ֣Ҫ
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СһˣǮ˵ĶԣҪżˡҹ˲ϣǿԸ
ʹ졣޵ҶѧѧֵܾǰТĸѰֵܽãһ𡣡
ƽֵܣ
ΧΧֵˣ
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ԶԶԡ˫Цݲõ˵ǰĸԣӣТ˳ĸѰֵܽáĶŮСҲӦһӿ˳ޡ
ƽΪΧôоֱһơ
ɷϣЩãʼ̫żһӵϡ
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αôࡣɫ࣬˵ĻᣬﻹȱԵĺȵģһ㲻ϧԼ
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ȴûߣȥϣȥϹӪԷΪףһ¡
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ϻĿ⣬֪ǲߣüûҪһֱš
ףǼȻҹȻĿģǴﲻ뿪
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ЩѧУѧüԸ˵׾ҵңǱֵѧУȥɡ
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Ǿͻȥתͷ˵ֻҪԼ룬ôҲûá
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ҲǼǰӣͬʱҲϣǿԼ̬ȣ֪֮뿪
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ȵʱΪѲʸ̶ûȾðүүߡ
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ֲ⣬үү۰СƱţڰûи
ȻҲĽСаְ衣
ֻǰʮ꣬үү֪ԼԸ˰
֣߰ԼѡԺҪǻص־ߣҲû
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Ѱүүһ٣ǿӲİѰִؼң߰үүµļٿǮͷӡ
ֲЩǮֻϣܱԭֻǰүүķҲá
аСʮĻ䡣
񻪲ӦȾͰѰүүжˣֲ߰үүһ֡
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תأֻ磬֮ǰɻ󣺡ǵĶ𣿡
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ô᲻⣬һУļңƵ¡
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뿪һ̣ǶϾ˹ϵжҲһ
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찡İ裿
ƽһҲûѹӣԳҡҡͷεЦЦҲ֪ʵ
ƽ۾ȣ֪׶ӣһΪǳأ
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ڳƽĴС֣ҲûֹȫǷε̬ȡ
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ʱ뿪ʱһǮûǰ־˶ʮǮ
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ȥľͳ׹ȥˡһֻ䵽ͷϣ࿴ߵİ˵ںδѲص˺޳֮⡣
šĻصĵͷȭͷԼԣҪΪںδܶʱȥЩĵ¡
оԼ֧ЩΪ־޵ĳ֣ǵ㲻첻ɡ
ǲǡ˵ˣ˵һģǰĿ˵ɡ
ԴЦӯӯĶԻ˵ò⣬˵㡣
Ȼǲġ
ֻûʱû⣬ڸᱻǿѹơ
§ı޶Ц⣬Լڹôá
ɲٻˡ
ס࿴ȼ־ഺСЦЦ˵ۺʱεأһУﻹһҡ
˵ıȽϺֱֺӱԼ˼ҡ޶ƽͳǶӭڴؼңԶ
ЦˣĴסˡ
Ŀ۰ֿ֣࣬Ŷ˵ϲڼ
˵磬˵ʲôأʲôӭֹģָ粻Ǽɴ಻߲ˡ
ֱķԣƤûһģ
һ㶣漴ЦðֻҪԸ⣬ҾͲˣԺ
͸ƽһۻ࣬ɫöָ磬ǿ˵ˣԺһֱǼңһˡ
ʾֻƣһΪڡ
ҲҲæ룬ѱ޶С־ٳǻԼԶܷڡ
С˳Ӧǵ˼һǻƣЦҲڣǿԷڡ
ԲᡣӰЩĳƽһ̻е࣬һ֣ص˵ڣκ˶С
ࣺ
΢΢ͷƽüͷ΢Ųͬû˵ʲô
ƽӣСǼᶨһ㲻±¶Լ˼
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Т˳ûϵƽü۵ʹ˵ǣҡһТ˳Ҹ硣
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СЩִ֣Լ뷨һҪТ˳Ǹĸ۰֮顣
˵۰û֮໰˼Щ΢
Ǳһڵƣģ׼ֵһ
˵ĺܿ϶޶ᣬҲ鷢
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̹Լ뷨˵ƫҲ⡣
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үү̡ͬ˵һҪСӵ𣬶̫µ˼ӣҪи
ղԼѡ񣬸˵һģɵĻ̾ϢһԼģ
ʼջǶԶи֮顣
˵Щóƽ԰үүرͬ飬ûһߡ
ˡƬ̣ǿ˵үүⷬΪ㣬ǶӣΪԼܲĸ۰ſҪһԺ
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Щãü˼Ļֻǻס
ͻȻǰһָǻûߣڴſء
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´˿ЩǱ, һţͷ߸߰ġ
ƮƮĿһۣ˵˵ʱ, ȿԼƵģ˭ʶǵù
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˵ĵͦáһЦգۣϧͬҲ״Ĳˡ
ܡ񻪼æѾҺˣͨϵֻҪǱһݷʧƾͿ԰µķҲֱӸ֡
Ϊɵ𣿡ЦдŷҺͰ־һ̳Уйϵҳָˣһ˳е
еʲô̲סŭ־ˣӾһ˼̳С㲹췿ֲӦõģ
ﰵޣǸϲģôʵȻ͵ֵָ̳ˣ롣
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үүȥܴȻոԼѡ񣬵Ƕڰ־񻪷ûж˵ʲô
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񻪲֪־ţʱ
Щ͵ܡ
үүÿ궼ȥϢ˵˶ʶң˵°ű档
ǻ˵ҪѣȥֻҲ̫鷳Ǯ͹λ磬Ҳûȥæ
ࣺ
Ще㸴ӣһҺõĸо
ȥˡ໹ûסҲͲʶˡ
ѽһԴЦǺǵ˵ҿûȥôʶ㣬ôῼϴѧ
ߡס࣬ǻȥǮȥ˶١

ؼҵһ£ֻǰǮڿϣкͳƽǡ
Ǯ
룡ȣһǮһǵһοôǮأ
ǮƽϿ£Щ˶򣬾ǰȥƵġ
ҪǱá˵Ҷ̵֪ļ۸񣬲ŻǮ򡣡
æһǮһۺãһʱЦĺϲ£졣
ǧࡣָ˵˵һǧࡣ
ôࣿɴ۾Ծ˵һʱ䣬ôΧôǮ
Ȼһ°ͣǽԲѵ˵Ҳ˭⣬ܲǮ
ĴָһģԺ͸ָˣ׸硣
ֹװһʣûǮͲˣ
ǡ̾ͶûǮҲǣ׸磬ʲôʱǡ
Цһš
ƽۿţɫһģԸۣ̾Ⱥ֡
ĶԻ磬㲻õġָҲûûεˣġ
ࣺ
ƽһۣ֪۶࣬û뵽Ȼ˼
±ܡԼ£ȥԤˣֶβܶԼá
ƽΪ˭
ڻ£ƽǱ̬˵ҲָˣֻۣϣܿһЩ
һ̹Ȼϻܣӡ
һҲϣģסһС
˵ʰ֣ʲô
򵥵С˵ȥӣʡġ
Ĳõȥϣȫꡣ
ȥˡ˵Ǵɣʣµȥӡ
˵ֽһ䣺ĴԶڵ磬ظ·
ֻǵ磬ȰǷڱΧͻȻİҵҡ
ǰһ
л˵
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ


25 
ǣ
ֿʮ, ɵˣʲôѽ
Χѽһλ긾Ů˵ǰӵģҪΧ, Ѿˡ
ûˣ
ŮЩż,Χ͸δϱ, ӭأ
ԵãҪ򲻵һԼΧø
ŮøԼѽ
ŶŶˣæͷУż
˵ʹЬµأкƽǸæȥɹ, 
úúáŮ, ͷ˵о, һˡ
ǡ˵, ɲǰһء
᲻ᡣóƽȥ̯Լβ, Щȥӵɹ򵽡
һ˶ʮˣķٴ󣬴˿Ҳ
ڲ
һǰ, ʮ˸󣬺ƺƵȥɹ
ҲûţŴһһߺΧֱΧ, ҿ
ʱ, ڼè, ˶еķù
ȳľһЩСӣǴŮСϱ׷߳š
벻򣬷ǸֿԳûҴһྡ
߳ŵԽԽ࣬үǡֵߵߵɹߡ
еٶȿ죬Ѿڰ󣬿Ŵİˡ
ǼӿŲȥ
ȰɹƽѾһ̯ӣϹΧ
⿴˵ͽǮ
ȼ
ԭڴе˻룬ΪԼǮ
ֻǽһ˵ټǰӴҹҪǲӵˡ
Щ˻
ı⣬ɣ˭˵ɶ˵ɶȥ
Ҳ⡣
ΧˡֱֺΧÿֱˣҶѽ
ȱˣһɣڸǮ
ҲҪҲ򣬿ɱõΧˡ
ǰˣԽԽ࣬żΪǿ
һֱΧסֺǺǵؽӹǮЦ𼱣С
ԭտɹΪֵĵʱ
ԽԽ࣬ٽӵ˸ź˳ĺƺҲСһЩ
ƯΧһǵһμ
ôûģ᲻ܹ󣿡
ǲС֪Χѽ
Լˣҵȥ
Ӧٶȿģ̯ǰֱΧסæš
վһԵĳƽֵܴ֪զΧˣЩΧ˭ѽ
ɶ񣿡һһƲ죬Ŀʻ긾Ůмǰӵⶼû
ϣ긾ŮһİƵ㿴ɶлһҸʶء
ú˵öǹʣͽָܵھдΧֺÿŻů͡
ǰû֮أлܰŽһ£ر
ȫûп糤ƽ
Ҫһ㡣˵ûж٣û˾Ҳ򲻵ˣûġ
ûУȥһӻɶûУNɪ
ޡˣ۾һɵȥѽզȥ򣿡
ĲУȥ֪𣿾һϹͰ͡
˴СԸҪ̧ܼ䣬仰ĹҪ֡
ָմǰӵˣһͷϾҪ˴æܹȥܡ
סզϼˣ֡
Ƿ˵Ƿᣬһ쵽ϹͰͿ±˰ư͡
˺ˡְһߣ˼ҲͲûҪΪܡ
䣬ͳΧ˵ҹѽÿֱˣ򰡡
֪ࡣզΧˣ
źÿֱ¡Ц̵ԪһǳֱԪ㿴ˡ
˵һΧʻĴ￴㿴ãʵů͡
һȷʵҲÿǹ˵㡣
󡣡ֿ϶˵һΧܴܶ꣬붬Ͷᶳˣֵһ
ﻹԥֵǾʱֵ¿ڲϣ˭Ųÿһ۹á
СĶˣҧһöҪ˵ףŸ˿
ͶˡֳɹһЦۺӣкõԼ򣬾źӡ
裬ҲҪһСܹ첻˵˵㲻ֻҸ򣬲򡣡
ѽ˵ôÿСզܲһأű˴öܰ
ȰλôۺӣҲϣﲻɡ
Сʮ꣬۾߱ӣ죬ʮƯ
һֵĻ˼ߺ֧֧˵Ҳûжÿˡ
裬򡣡˵Լ󣬡СǶؼȥˣһͻҲҪ
ĥ˾ţϻЦӯӯȻûУˡ
ӶǮһ۵˵һ¾ʮǮ̫ˡ
֣
գգۣСһ̴ܳһյΧ
ֽǮһ٣Ԫ
ȴ˵ּæͣЩΧǮһŮߵԪһ
ϣĳŹŮķһۣǻһþġ
ֲ˼ЦЦԹһͨݹǮŹάһ䣺ǺʹһС۹⡣
ﱻ˵Цˣǰ֪˵ǮһҲۡ
֪ô˵ۻǻۡ
ϾڲżǮһߣһΧԪǮ򲼶һ·ˡ
һ¡ԪǮݸ˵Ҫɫġ
һǸղźͳܵǸӣû뵽Χ
㡣ЦŸΧʣͳզˣ
ҿǇNɪ¡Ʋ죬˵һ䣬͸Ƶģһҳ
㲻Ҳ壿ֺЦʣզܣ
û¡һ°ͣ˵ֻϳ塣
˵ţղΧ۵ˡһΧãղûǮǶûϴա
Ҳ򣬰֪á
ҶðˣҪĴɫΧ
ֿǮ뵽˵Ļ
׸ղΪʲôûΧԭǶûǮǮ˵ˡ
Լ˵ңҸá
ϡ
ЩҲСϱһֹΧ
дҲʾΧһ
ܿһһ
ֻǰЩ棬Щıǰӵ˻ʹ죬һ۵ĶûС
ֵǣĶŮʽΧ
һֱЩŮɢָһȺСӳ
ѽѽЩŮīΧôʱ䡣
ɲǣҶȲˣ򣬳岻á
һɨֻ౧ű޶һЩվڲԶ
ࡣֶӻ֣ҿˣûˡ
䣬վڻԱߵЩˣһӳ
ҿɲˣҪûˡ
ѽٲ򲻵ˡ
ֶʱǱֻѼΧס߶Ǵߴ٣죬һ
ãģҶȰˡ
ͷ󣬡𼱣𼱣һ
õΧŮʽĶʽ٣ΪŮʽĶĿ졣
û뵽ʽΧҲܿ죬ھʣʮ
ŮʽһҲûˡ
ʮΧһɨգæϷȣպź顣
ָԼˮЦʣЩСүסûǹ
šͷֲΧʲô
ô˵ʵȴһӶΧæżְۡ
԰ЩסŮȹһ˷ֿ
ֿһЩ
塣иСĻԹΪǵȣǶû򵽡
СԹĿŻ࣬һԲԸߡ
²ԹæͣҴ١˶ñӣûΧû󽲣Ծûôࡣ
ôһ˵СӵЩ˼ˣæֵûû£ñӴûΧҲû¡
˵꣬Ⱦܣʵǻ࿴ǵ̫䡣
Ҫٵһƾͻǹ̫ûˡ
̫ˣָ̾һκڣǴˣ
ࣺ
濴˰⸱̾Сһ޲ĵϵļơ
СͻȻ̧ͷҵ취ȥһЩ¹һҲС
ϰˡҪϰ࣬Ҳûʱȥ
֣
զϰˣ
롣ֳɵĿۻ࣬촽Ҫȥһõüҿûʱ
Ҫϰࡣ
һ˫۾գţеģ˵զ죿
衣ԥһ˵˭ﲻ㡣
ܾĳףֵϣĹĵĿ߼
ͳײ˿ɡ


26 
㣬ںˡƽһС׷ߴٳϳ
, ںˡ
ƽһС׷ߴٳϳˣ껹ûźأ
ϡһһں, ԳƽֺõЦЦ,ⲻǶ޶
˵ܳȥ,ȥø𡣡
ֿڻǽϣæŰڷҲҪ¿ȥæ
ˡƽҪЬæ˵϶ˡ
£ͻһǰһ¸˵Էɡ
ѷʢϡһ˷ŵ,ȥ˰ײ˿
֣
һͷ, գգ۲ʣô˹, ʲôײ˿ѽ
ࣺ
۰, Ƶ˵㲻˵ϳײ˿
ɵۣƽĿ, һ¾ͺˣæͷоϻġ
ĬƬ̣С죺Цôˣ
Ҹɵ¡ûûεЦôóԵĴͷ, Ҫ԰ײ˿
ƽ̧־Դһ£˵ͱ˵ɵָĻϣָ
˵ĻԼǰ, ѻ˦
߻ࣺͳײ˿ɡ
֣
оԼԽԽ, ȴ̵룺ԭԼѽ
١ֲЦ, ôҲѹȥ˼Ŀ۳ƽֵܣͷˣײ˿Ϊ˽ġ
ôأһȣɴ۾ԾĿŰ֣Ҵûоѽòء
ˡƽ˵æ֪㰮⣬ɡ
۽Ƴæ˵ʢ
һС׷ӨŵƣǴ׺СײһĶ׷
ֻ跹С׷ŵ٣׷ŵĶ࣬Ķ׷ŶǴ׵㣬ڸҲӲ
ʹ׷ѹʵʢһӣ׷ʢð⡣
ŵǰԵ㣬׷㡣
ָһĴͷ⣬԰ײ˿
ǣѶ̲˷ŵǰϲԵļҰ˿
ײ˿ɶ˿ͷˣŲ˿к˿
ǰϲԵһˡ
ǸҰģ־ϲЦӯӯƳһۻ࣬дͷˣʲôҰ
ô˵ǿѾȥһΪֻǰײ˿ء
ЦԽԽã̵Ŀۻ࣬ﰵ룺Լ˰ײ˿ҲΪԼԼϲԵļҰ
ǵģʲôԼ
ԿͷָдͷٳԵ㣬̫θá
ָʢһŵǰȵ
š춼ǲˣۿŻҪͣæ˵Ҫ㿾Ҫ͡
תָÿÿڿĺ͵ϼһ㣬̫࣬
šͷҧһ⣬㣬Ҳԡ
տһ±޶˻гƽֵܡ
硣Ҳкһ£޶ǿ
СбһۣüƵʣòι㣿

ðɣ㲻ҪĶһ䣬˵ԼҪιҲι
ܵľһŰһȥԼԲϡ
ƵԼпͷҧһڣʱ춼㡣
óԡ׿˵˵ͷ㣬Ⱥ
ƽԼĬĬԷĵڰֺͻɨӼֹۣΪʲô԰ôã
˯ʱֲڿϣ͸ս¹⿴Żࡣ
ҽû˵棬ôء
šĬƬ̣֪˯ɡ
ǰû˯⣬ҵĹʹҪǲϲ⣬Ժֵء
áۣݶϲʲôʲôѵôɣίԼ
ûί֡͡Цˣ֪һΪԼ룬˵ЩԼϲġ
ࣺѵֵҲϲ
û˵ֻĬĬ룺ϲҲУҲôࡣ

ʱһεʮ壬ִ룬׼ͻһȥϡ
Ԫ˵ըԪԡ
š౧޶ЦϲԾͶ򡣡
һߣƽֵѾһܵӲȥϡ
ǰǴгȥͱһ𼷣ֻǸﵽſڡ
ָ硣˫֣ĵ绰һ㡣
˭Ҵ绰ֺɣӺԻ˵ȥ
Ӱ칫ʱ绰ѾҶϣӳһٴȵȰɡ
ллӳֵͷʣû˵˭𣿡
û˵ӳ˵ӦǸˡ
üˣ
һ뵽ǰ־Ǵӳһ仰֪Լˡ
ǰЩǶԷޡӳ˵񡣡
һ㶣ӳզ֪£
ŵһɡӳָָһԵӣһɻ˵Ҽ㸸ĸ
ԭ񻪺Ͱ־ڰ֮󣬱˴Ӳ
ҪȡůŰ֡
ʼã˵ǰָĸӳҪȥҡ
һ࣬һĲмûһû
ְ˵óƭֲ£ƵƧĵط
԰Ļ졣
һԼˣӳʱˣһ֮°˳ȥ
Ҳǰֻ֮Ϊʲôῴ񻪺Ͱ־һ𶳵ôǱ
ӳĲУһյ˵ǲҸĸһϵҲûУôǡ
˵ţֿʱоԲסࡣ
ô㣿۷죬˵Ϊ˶һֻǮһԶûС
˵ȥҲſڣӳ˵ЩŽ°˵쳤ϣ˭Ҳס
Щû֣߰ڴӳ˵˻ֻܰο
ڵȵ绰𣿡ת⣬û˵˭ʲô£
ûСֿ绰Ҳ벻˭Ҵ绰Ǹˡ
ֻҪǰ־ǣ˭νᷳ͸ˡ
ǿԡӣί˵ϣҲģ̫ˡ
ˡ֪ͿˣЩε˵Ǿûˣ
֣
۾һ˵ӣѽҪûǣûˡ
ԡͷŰֵ۾ʵ𣿡
ˡҡͷ¶ЦݣҲֵˡ
Ҫǲôжôãүү
ࡣ
塭
绰ͻȻˣӳ绰ιٽӡ
Ŷء
ֽӹ绰ãǰ֡
˭͵һվ˻βվȣУ˵һ飿
绰һˣ־䣺ǰ־㡣
־㣿
ָоǰڣһƬհףࡸ项
һ̾ܳǻ
ģǰ־㣿ƭҡ
죬û뵽Ǹʧʮ϶ѾˣȻţ
ֵۡõ϶Ļش𣬿Ʋסһӿ޳Тӣ㻹
ŭ⣬ðָ˲ñ˴ݣֻһй
ҪûǣүүҲôȥּŭǺģǻүү
ַסѰְ뱧ڻһ¸ĺ󱳡
𼤶˵
үүǡְͷѣء޸ͣһ£үү岻áһ֪үүҹǵġ
ģΪүүҲΪԼίַߺޣʱʲôѾˡ
ˡ಻ϵİοͨŵ绰أʲô¡
šֵͷҲл˵ǵ˵ɣʲô£
үүſ𣿡
л˵
ԤղأСҽԽŴ塷
İ˭뵽֭ĺ⾹죿
һ꣬Ϊһں⣬ͻʥּ
˳˼һ
˼
û뵽ԼԽŴΪı⣬벻Ե
ü۷ֿЦݲõ꣬˼ڵһ仰
Ի£
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ


27 
žҹĺ紵˯ߡ
ƽǡ
žҹ, ĺ紵˯ߡ
ƽǽ˯, ϴ³š
վԺ, ̧ͷҹ, ԺֲʵС
Ǹʧʮ˻ˡ
ȴˣĸףֻ޾ź
뵽־־ѾλǰռүүķӡߵǮ͹λȫҪ˻
ĸףֵҲԣҪۡ
Ѫֶζ
, һ߸оʹһڶ, һֲ֪ԼԺô԰־㡣
ǵԵϵĶ壿ְſڽа֣
ַԴ, 뵽Էû, ֻǽ֡
һƺǲԼ, һͬʱ
ôһ
ô˯
ϵĴ±˴ǿȵڰ󣬡𣿡
ͷűԼ, ÿںڵķ
ûжƾӵԼü˵ͻȻĳһ׼ҲûС
ȻʧЦ̧,˹, ѾԤײ𣿡
־񻪷, ҰѷΪӵ־ĵ绰˵Ҫ
ʱ־㻹֪ȥлͨž͵һʱ绰־Ҫ֪ͨԼƽ
Ҫʱ̽ңð־ϸһƽ
־֪ΪʲôûѸȥϢ͸¶Ҳ֪ԼЩ겢ûоӵΡ
ڰֵ£־һ㲻֪ھүүµš
֪Լһӡ
ͬʱҲ֪үүЩ֪־Щ£һҲûȾͰ´ˡ
ǹɺݾǶԴһͲѰ־޴
ҡ򴽣Щŵ˵ʵҺܿģǰүү˳𡣡
ľҪЦӵ뻳ڰּϣʲôأ
˲Ѿ
ѽ۾һƷҹ˸ˣ֪ʲôʱŻ
ٴλҲһԼθԼ绰һ
֪ͨԼһˣѾΪүү
ѰաףЦҲǱͻȻðŵġ
ߡ²ӣߴٻࣺ̫ˣǻȥ˯ȥ
䡣̧ס򣬻ݣԺͱĳ
Ҳﷳдʣ㿴ģԼ͵ųһ顣
뵽һֱЦӭഺӣЩζ
˾˵Ҹġ

תۼ䣬˶ʮţѧУѧ
ȥѧУСĴ˲١
ôôࡣǴЦȴǱԹֲǲ
ЩԷһѶڶԡ
˵䣬ְһС¯Ӱϳּæ¯Ӹʲôů
϶ˣȵԵġ˵б޻
뵽ĺ⡢͵㣬ֻҪڹһ¾ͿԳԣһ¿ˮ
ҳʳþУ㶼Ѽˡ
һʱ䣬ǳԣʲô͸ʲô
ǰЩ඼ˣָԼôԵġ
ֹƼѾʣʲôˡ
žҪȥԺװǿڴ׿滹ûгԵģȴ
㣬һˡ
ֻ¾աһСܣְ֡
޶СȽڣһѱסȣСԴҪ޲޵ģְֱ
౧С˵ôˣû¿ʲô
˵ְˡ޶ᣬϸϸ˵޶ȣȶ׷ϡ
۾һɣŸںĻŭǲƤˣ
ûûСڨڨһЦҶء
е㡣һ̧һţȻôУ͹ȥ
һܿһţƽλöԶ
Цҡҡͷ˵ȥϾ˵Ǳ޶ʲô
ЦĲ˵ֻƳһ»࣬˼Զ
粻ͬ⡣
Ҳ˵ʲôԼܿȻҲס
ǳŵܵܰˡ
ɡҪӱ޶Լţϳ㡣
ұɡ˭ҲӲȥ
Ȼ˵۰ô޶û
СԴ໳һ񣬵ͷ˭ҲСһ仰Ҳ˵
࿴תͷֺݺݵɳһۣٸˣۣ͵Űɡ
Դһ仰Ҳ˵ǳƽӦһ䣺֪˸硣
ֿѵܵܣҲȰҲýѵһ¡
޶ǻһִ󣬱ճŻ벻ʲô¶ְš
ô޶Сһﺦ£ᱧŻ಻֡
һʱ䣬˶û˵ֻС̤̤̤
˴ӣһӡžһ죬ڶ˼·ϣٶԽԽ졣
СʱԺ󣬾͵ΨһһѧԺĵط
³˵һ¡˵žҪƽס߳ȥ˵һ
⻹³ûֻǰñ¶Լӻֺ󲮣ǽȥˡ
ڰ֣ʾǽȥϳֱӽѧУ
˵Цͦӣһȥ
ҪѶһȥǿ鷳ˡ
ʶһͦСظһ˵ӻеġ
ſڣԿ׿ţԻ˵ûԺӣЩ㡣
û¡ῴһȦдһϣٸբ塣
䳯жʮƽһֳܷ䡣
˵סһҲˣһֳܷ
Ժʱͼһ¡ЩĶʱиĵط
ʱ̸ס˲⣬ǳƽǹҲܼһס¡
뵽Ի˵óƽǹסɣʡûҪ
á˵ǲԸȥʱȥȥס
㲻ùǡ
ƽðᶫǶԻ˵ƽʱǻؼңʵþȥסһס
֣
ˣֵҲңԶࡣ
ҲҪؼס
ֿۻ࣬룺ôһ۰򣬿ˣҲס档
һЦҲʱסƽʱҲǺһȥ
Ǻð˵һߣа
ˡӹ԰˵ȥǴɨ
Сתߣϰ࣬Щʰɡ
л˵
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ


28 
ȥһ¥, ֵһ꼶ֵǰľ¥ΰ칫ҡ
ָ֣߰İ칫¥, ¥߰칫Щ, һʦᵽ¸ǵĽѧ¥
֣
ǰѧ¥, һ꼶ھ¥İ칫¥
Ҫܣ
ֶû˵ֻص¥ڶ¥ҵ칫ҡ
һȥŮڴɨһʣԭҲ·Ľʦ
ŮУһ칫, ҲǸյûá
һһ, һ칫Ҫͨ, Ժǵͷ̧ͷĹϵ
, ɨУǵ˵ʮҪᡣ
ɨꡣ
ֻɨ, ֪ǾʦѧҵɫЩ΢
ô䵽ѧ˼⣬ʵΪʲôȥ
ӷ䡣һЦĽѧһʦ
ǿɲһݵĳº, Ʊϵ۾һ˵ãСطܱȵġ
ǼרֻһǴרԺУҵ, ղŻԼá
ûз﹤
Ǻ˵۰, ЦҪǱ, һĻ
ʲô˼νգҲǱԹһôϸߣ
ǸǸæģҾǸпһ䣬ûб˼ѵ㲻Ϊʦϧ𣿡
۾ԲɰЦ˫ֺʮࡣ
˶Цˡ
νҲ̲ס͡һЦȻϧ
أЦе
ν۰֣˵ʦ˵ĶԣĶһˡ
Ӣͬһ߲ӣһ˵ѧҲ¸ǵĽѧ¥ᶼܺá
۴İ칫ңЦֻ¹оԸࡣ
ԶԶԡҲһ۾Ϳ칫ˣ޲ڰ칫ǰʼ
ҶˣܿʹһƬ˵˵ЦЦ֡
ֻŮʦһֱûвֻĬĬɻżЦһЦ
Ȼֲ֪Цʲô
ǸռദǢҲһ£ԺìܵĿԱȽС
ɨˣʼ칫ϲλá
ڴ˵ϲϣǹůζ
Ҳڴ˵ɡ
ָҪ˵˵Ѿ˵ˣڿλá
ӰŮʦּǵԾЦ˵С
վߵܿû˵䲻̫ϲ˵ģֻǸŵͷ
ʾѾˡ
⡭Σ۰֣ʦ
֣
żĿ䵽ԼϣˢˢȫԼһе㷢ɡ
Ҹʲôѽ˵ֻ˵Ҫͬѽ
ֿŰ칫Щᣬ촽ڵλʦһ£ͶƱץΣǹƽ䡣
ͬ⡣֣˵ѡץΣأ
ν˻࿴һۣķʽʣ˴˲˺
˲ͶƱºһ˵ץΰɡ
óֽʣдŰ칫λãųСֽš
ʯͷӲ
ºһһ۵˵ֳȺٿʼץ
Ҷû飬ʼʯͷӲڵλ
٣˫ĿżСֽţĦȭƵĸԼ
˵ʲôν죬ʵ汣𣿡
ôšЦĿһ˵ڸԼʹһܺõġ
þͲˡܿ˵ѧǷĵطˡ
֣
Ҳѽҡҡͷ˵дСѧأһǱȽ˵ġ
칫Ȼ˭Ҳû뵽ֻô˵ҪǷֵǲˡ
Ҳ˵ɣҪˡ
һ뵽鷢˵ɫ΢һ¡
ɴ顣
ƫƫһ۾ǿżСֽţﰵ룺һҪץİ칫ѽ
ڵһλƣһµҡͷ˵˵ˣǱ˵ˣ̫ˡ
ץѽֱֿŵˣǻҪȥء
Ӧһ־ץһҲûϸѡһ¡
һʱڿſڵλá
ץСֽţһҲûץλãֶʱüЦһ
νЦˣ㻹ץʲô
ҵλءЦݲõĴСֽţϲλߡ
Ŷָ˵ĻһСֽһ˵ϲλãǽ߰
ôϲνϲõȾ΢΢һЦץˣҲøѽ
ǿλãΪı߶УȻǡ
òõ¡Ц⣬Ҹ˵ѽ
ҲǷҪλãֻǿϲ˵ˣƾԼµõǵλá
ַǳˡ
һϲʣνǱйӣ㲻ϲǰɣ
ôᡣҡͷ˼ЦЦָָ˵ܿĻ̳羰á
Ҳ˵͵ЦһŶ

Ȱ°ٻصʱֻѾ÷ˣԡ
һȥء˵ʱǸ˵ˡ
ڵ׷һŹɶ˿ڻϡཹཡͻ
ůůġ
ˣȥʲôߣٳһ˾Ϳ
ЩˣˡָȥС¯ӣ䰡
䡣˵¯û¡
Сͣ˾ͰѼҺȥ·кõ硣
ʱ㡣
óԡһ£ѾԵһЦü䣬ûбˣеҲ
ǰײˡˣԵûθڣڻȽڿ졣
ɹٸɲˣвժĢľͻƻˡһЩɽʱʱһ¿ζ
Ҫϲ࿴̿ˮǸЦһ£ȥһЩﻹвٴ⡣
һЩ˵ůĿһЩ
СӦڴ̨ϣҲܿɫ
Ѳʢݸ֣ȽȥԣҰѹˢˡ
ְѲͽȥСϵȻ࣬߳ƽ˵ȳ԰ɡ
һԡֵûжӣ޶ҲԹԵĵŻԷ
޶˵˾ȳԡ
ҵȰְ֡޶ҡͷϵĲˣһ¿ˮͰְһԡ
޶ԡСԽԽϲһԼŹǡ
˵ţ£˵ʲôԡ
ôе졣ִսϸһ£̧䣬㶳ģġ
ԹԺȥñӣô籦޶ء
ࣺ
ȳԷпŹǣʵôֵĸ꼶
һ˵칫¥
˵˰༶һʱָ磬࣬ˡ
û¡˵ᡣ
͡һڷȥôᰡҿͦõĻܴ
ʹһ١˵һٲͽŴ򣬼ѸЧ
Ʋ죺զû޶
ô𣿡ƳһۣЦҪб޶һ£Ͳ˵⻰Сӱȣܵ㡣

ôôˣ
ԷԷֿͨ죬ﰵ͵ЦԲ˵붺޶ء
ãһ絶ԺٸҺҶ޶㿴ô㡣
һʱ䣬޶û뿪֮ڡ
һҲҪվſ¶ŷ쿴ţһİѻ࿴Ľġ
־ȣ޶Ҳ̫ˣ
ճֵܵزƼ㣬ֲò
ЩҽĶġ˵ڶĶ֪࣬û裬ְһܶˣҪסˡ
Щ˶û·رǴЩϲʲô˵ټϱ޶û衣
С˼УһְҲûˣԻԹǿ
һͲľԱ
˾ͺˡϧĿ۱޶СЩ»ס
ҲҪסü˵ֻҪãƽƽıʲôǿ
ЩأֿЩæ²Ҹղڰ칫Ҹʲôˣ
Ȼش𣬰־Ͱѽ췢˵һ飬ü
Ƕ֪ҵܱȣץβ
˿̴Բѣû뵽鷳ðֶ˽һʶ
л˵
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ


29 
ˡ
ֱֿ,ǿȥɡ
ߡæվȥռλȥ
֪ͨȥѧУÿ, Ҫǰȥ
ֻǵǵ, ϵ˺ܶ, ֻںҸ¡
ô硣СԺҲҪһ㡣
Աߣ⻰Щ飬תһȦǰЩˡ
ΪǰʮӾͿԡ˵û뵽ôࡣ
ʱأ
ɻһ󲿷Ѿˣ̨ϵ쵼Ҳ˼λ
˵ʱ䣬½ãΧҲ˲ˡ
ǸϽΣ, Լ̬, ٴһ˵Ļ
, У, Ǹ쵼
ֿʼͦ棬ûʲôʵ, Щš
Żǲˣ
ϰʱ޶˯Ƶȱ޶ˣǾͻٽӡ
ԼȥʱǸӡ
ͻȻ첲սС˵, 
ŶֵͷҲСѾˡ
˼ԼֵˣùЩϾ˵Ƿָ˭
Ҳʶ
ɶʧ, Щ񣺡ֵˣ
ꡣҿ, һָڴ,Сñ
ıǱ˿ᣬ쵼֣˭ֵᡣ
һʮᣬһСĹ꣬вûаֵ֡
ôûԼ֣
͸оߡٿȻվһӰ̨ϵ쵼УҪӦ⣿
һ֪ʲôⷴӦҪڿڹðȻվ
λʦʲô⣿УʵԵȵɢȥҰ칫ҷӦ𣿡
ʮް߰ף࣬ĿȰ
ûҪ£Ǳֹ˵
Ӱ᲻á
û֣ѾڣУʷ¹ƽ𣿡
ȻУͷǾѧУ쵼ӿĽԹƽ
ǰ˵ֵˡһɻȫ¶ΪʲôͷֵҸղŷַҲû֣
У˵Ϊʲô𣿡
ɫϷʣǻɻһƬ̹Ȼ
֪⡣
ֻ£ԭЩ΢ӵãʱһƬ͡
׹ѣӲԺһƬհףһʱ֮޷˼
ֻһ仰Ҫʲô
У˵˸ѽʮᣬôʮŸûɣ
ѽѽҸղҲòԾô£
ѽҿһĸȥһԭ˰ˡ
֣˭ǰ֣ô£ΪʲôǴ֪
ֿЩְԱ׷תͷѰģӿһա
εձ
һУӣҾһ
˵꿴۽̵Σղžķַʾһ¡
̵Ǹͷ̨µһٶְԱĿһ
ʲô˰ѻ˵ˡ̵Σһû껰ǾǸɴͲ˵ˡ
ڵģĥӣԽżԽһ
˵ɡУǸʹˣڵ˵һ£ôҶ֪ô¡
̵βĺһſڵղŷַѧУϽְԱȻûʲô¡
һת⡣־⣬ҲǴӦѧϰĿģ
̵ҲûӣͰѰ֧ԮУΪѧУ˲š
ԥѧ˵һ顣
˲ţԽ̵Ŀɨ̨һȦְԱѵӦ÷һ𣿡
ʲô
˭
ǸУҲᵱ˵ȫְԱĬ
ʱУ˵ˣղûʦ֣뵥ʹ˵һ¡
ѲһȦ¶һĨЦ⣬˵λǰʦվôʶһ𣿡
֣
˵Ŀ֮վôʶ
֪Լܾܾ
վУáλ쵼ǰǺá
վλϣȻ㣬Ǿһ
лл쵼ʹҶҵչˡ˵Ϊˣһȱپ飬ԺҪλǰ̣Ҷָ
žžž
УͷƣЦʦ򵥵ļ䣬Ѿֲ˰ʦΪʦĸƷ¡
žžž
žžž
ԽԽңȫְԱ׷׶԰עĿ
һЦ־Ϲ£ޱȼ
һһʦ
εվţһһףҪµ̨ϵ쵼
ֻܼһεЦһΪ쵼ûֵ֣ǰˡ
۰֣ǸһЦֵС˼ʣҾʳ
֣
ʲôʱҪְæȫǹ
ӻҪĥ̵Ƶ˵һû꣬ͱ㼱ϣһȫְԱɡ

۾һ죬ſǻԲΣ̫ˡ
֣
ίˣ
ֺۣҪֻס
һŷԼȱ˽⣬ǰľ֪
ʵ̫ǳλʦ̵ʣ㻹ʲôⷴӦ𣿡
ҪûУǻҪᡣ
ûûСԴҡǲ˹ģæٴεǸҲõУԲˡ
ôǿᣬΪĳ˵̣
С
ֻǰٿһۣչŤͷһĺν
иղľϲ
뿪»ص칫Һ
ļֹҲӶȻ֪̫ܲá
Ͼһ칫ҵͷ̧ͷ
־ǲίߣƵܣΪʲôҪô
¾һ̣ģһʱ֮޷
°صյᣬִڴߣоµãȻ
ࡣ
ֱӶĹ죬ֲŻعĨӡ
ԷһСȭͷΪԼš
ҷУҪȥʳô򷹣ǿһȦ
жůƬϷš
ףֺ棬ôˣ
ģ򿪷һӷȦһ¾ͺˡ

һа׷ź⣬һкյ㣬һС
ԲҲԳԡ
ҲԳԣر·ǻ߸׼ķˡ
ȣھͿԳԣִڴڳԷˡ
ӿһů
ԼһˣֻҪǸԼһЩͿԵõ΢Ĺػ


30 
һ磬־ͱĶѣ
񷢴һ
һ, ־ͱĶѣ
񷢴һ, ƿ·
, ᶫ, Ƿֵ˰ˡ
죡
ָ̾׼ˣ
ϴ꣬𷹺ߣ׼ȥʳô򷹡
ȻвٳԵģǰֲ׼Լ¯ӣϰ߳ʳá
ߵդʱ̲סͷոµש߷, вٷŶˡ
˵, ڰֿǸ, ռ
λѧУ, ΧǽֻһդſԽſ͹¯
徻ְȫ
ͻȻ, ΪʲôַӦ¡
ԭԴڼʡ
ӿŲȥԶʳô򷹣һꡣ
ԼǼľ·һ, ҳһëкɫſѩش¡
ɫֱͲţп㣬СƤЬϺɫëñΧ
һ°߳ᡣ
ǺЦ, ˫ֲ塢ڴ¶, ˫һһ͸ŽĿ⡣
ߵ칫ſ, һЦݲõƿš
簡ЦӯӯһߴкһԼ칫ߡ
ʲôô˰ڰֶĺνһ´ּۣȵ˵Ӵһ·湻ʱֵġ
һ·ļ۸񣬴ٿǮһ˻洩
ԭȰִϴķ׵ľ£ñӽϴ˫ЬΧûʲô
ͻȻһ·ߵֿˡ
˷ϲ¾ˬѽϣһе˵ڲ֪Լжôˡ
ǹ˵ġνͷһĽ˵Ǽľֵˡ
ɲǡ°ͣ̾û뵽ֺ䵽ͷϣ֮ϲѽ
ν
칫ˣ
΢İ֣︴ӲԶ
ʲô˼
ڸ԰𣿲˵İɣ
֣
զˣôû˵أ
ǲ˵˵
ü۷ЦǺǵĻһȦʵһ治Ҫˣ̫ﲻһֱ͵ңѧУ쵼нְԱôҵĻӭҡ
ЩһѾֹ죬ε¼˵˼Ҳ޷ܾ
칫ˣһ̾ĵģûһ˳Էϡ
ĶӼۣ촽һصģ
ѽû˵Լ̸ۣⷿСѽŶʮƽ
ҿһס·Ų
ֵ̧£ĿЦЦ˵סŰɣܹܲȭȭġ
̲֡סˣ㲻סóҪˡ
ҪƤһЦЦ˵رҪְġ

˲Щѿҧ촽ǲʣ㵽ҪǲҪ
ȻҪһ̯֣ȵĿôˣɫôѿ
˵ֵסãש߷ůʡǮⷿȫ쵼ͽְԱȭȭġ
ܽһĺô԰꣬һ̵ģ
֣㡣
ȿȡνʵڿȥµͦãů󣬺ܶ˶ֵܷء
ǰ˵һͰܶˣҿòһȫܰ
Ͼµש߷ůŶ
˵ȲޣֵһüرǷ˵ɲ˭סϵѽ
ν
ĲһظҶ֪Ѿ˵˼ˡ
оҲЩһȭᵽϡ
ǿ֣һֱ͵͵ͷĵǡ
Ǹ̫˵ԾͻȻǻǱΰɡ
ԶԡʵͽĳºҲǻҪҷȥأҪץʱ䱸Ρ
Ҳ˵˵Ļ΢һ
ĽʺЩ治ںôһ仰
ͬΪı
칫һ綼ĵģûһ˵æԼ¡
յů͸ڰϣۡ
ְķΧϲġ
°ʱ䣬ʰð칫ϵĶ׼緹
ֻŲ̧𣬻ȥٽ칫Ծϸϸ˵һ䡣
ȥۻᣬȥ𣿡
ȥˡͣһ£ԾЦЦ˵е£ȥɡ
Ȼ¡ĺν۾˵ǽȲˣʱһһۡ
Ǽõģˣͬһ칫ҡ
ҾһԶٷ໥˽һ¡
˵ɡЦϿѧˣҶͦæģǱΪҵۻᡣ
˵ˡ
ǲμӣֻԼһС˵ʲôһ
־Լܲľϲ


ָսդţͿԼſǵߴӰСƵķ˹ȥ
ôˣһϲʲô𣿡
˵ţ⡣ͷϲ񣬡˵ţȸ͹
ָָſڲԶ¯ӣС룬ϾͿԳˡ
ԼЦĺϲ£죬ǿķǵ˵ܵҡ
⡣˵ǷˣԳƤԡ
ҾͲˡЦӯӯԼӣҪԺܶܶࡣ
ܹݸһЦϻһ١
˵һЩĸ㣬ʱ˾ͿԳԡ
֣
⻰˵ƿĿ⡣
ÿϰբ塣
ףɻʵբ壿ôͰˡ
ȥġ˵ֲ¡ˢͿһϾá
բﻬӹεĺƽˢһ͡
ڴϻͦÿ
üӶһ¾СüЦ˵ôƽʲôѽ
ҲǮ
ǼеĶ಻˵Ѳʲô
ֻ˵ʲôһһ˫СֱסͷͿ޶һ˫۾
޶ˡֱСû
롣޶סӣȥС˵壬޶롣
ϣָ˻ˣű޶ת˼Ȧ޶أ
û뵽޶˵Լĵıű޶ֱ
࿴һһС˵ıһӲü˼֡
ȥ˵һֱ߶㣬ȥˡ
ױ޶̾Ҷû뵽¡
ദʱ䲻Ҳһ£⺢ӻ֪Լ
С֪˭á˵ôô᲻㡣
˵ִߴٰ֣ȥ·˰ɣñ޶Ь̭ˡ
ת߼ͣ£һЩί˵ҶҪˡ
һ˵м䶼ͣһ£͵һ̡
翪ʱ˵ˣ˵Ҳ˵һ飬ǹίͷų
˵ʣôˣ
֮ͥ°Ƴ֪ˣΪʲô캦¡
ѵôҪ˵ֵ£
ࣺ
üŰίСﲻӿŭ
Ϊʲôˣñ˺ãԼòѱӵеĻٵ
ˡ̾Դ˵Ѿˣͱˡ
ǰ˲䲻ίˣ͵仰ѾԼˡ
ЦŻӻȭͷڻҵġ
һԼȡЦףһ¡
ֱű޶ᣬתһ̣ͱ÷ޱ⡣
Ƭ̺ſҪӹ̧Ų
Ϳſڽˡ


31 
ô
УȵĿŻ,ʲô𣿡
û¡ࣺѡ
ֺͽ̵δкַˡ
СϹ˵ʲôֵĽ̵ΣЦеԼ,
ˡһü,ԽԽ, װĶǸ
УˡЦ̵һ㲻Ҳˣ˼ҲھĽ
˵ƿʣ˭˵أ
һ̽ԴУͽ̵, ̳к
Ǿ㡣У԰˵̸̸
°໹̸µġüͷ΢, Уʣʲô»ң
У̾Ǹմнֻ, мǰͰʦк
һɫ, ǸĿŰ֣ʦ̸̸𣿡
ѽ, óſڵλǽУ
̵һûиУǽȥſûˡ
ſ, ʾһ£Ͱʲôϵ
£ֲõԤУֱʵѰ죿
ҲѰ졣̵ֻ̾ǰʦϻ᲻ÿ»Щ뷨
, ָһ, ˷Ӧ֡
˵Ϸ
ʹ绰, ȥһ٣Ҫջȥָˡ
ࣺ
ָպί԰һ˵Ḷ́ڴô죿
ʵ¡̵ֹƬ̺˵ǿǲܣҪǰʾҲͲô
£޹أѧУ쵼¡
Լ
Ҫ˷ӦǾͻ塢ֵ飬ھ
ֲָͬ֡
̵οɫãһֱû˵̧
ȡˣûá
ͣԭȶᣬڸΪʺһ
ǻ͸ϡ
ʲôԭ򡣡һ࣬Ӳصǵ˾Ͳջء
٣̵һ£۵Ҿʲô˵𣿡
ֲǲֻ֪Ҫ쵼˵У۾͵հ졣
˫һ̯ε˵ƤӿǶĥˣûá
̵κУҲףᣬ˵ǽһᡣ
Ҫջأǽµȷʵȥ
ѾȡˣֻҰϣСͬ־뿪һЩ

˿棬ڵϣѾ֪У⡣
ڡһºˡ
ʶָ˲ңˡ
Ҫû£ջȥҲûʲôڡ
һֱһ䣺Ҳͬ⡣
ͣһ£̫ӲֵĽջȥô£
Ժô˰
УҲΣº͵˵ʦ𼤶˵
ѧУȡЩᣬԭΪ˽ЩְԱⷿס⡣
ǻһְֽԱͥסţһͲìܡ
ǰֵ󣬾׼Ϊ䡣
ոȷʵϣҲǿ⡣
ǵšУ˵ʦԸ֧ԮӦ轱ŽһѣԲƸһ䡣
˵ּԼ˵ǵĲ֣Ӧǰʾֻ׼
ȫУ⣬ѧУֵǸ
ġУ˵£ðʦѹѧУ轱
ṼʦԽҵķס
Ҳͬ⡣ҡͷһ˵˵ýҵģǲջء
оԼۣ͇NɪһأԼԼˡ
У
⺢̫һʱ֮䲻֪ôȰһҪջصġ
ֲµʱűƿͽ̵ν
࿴ɫѿȭͷЩߵ߰һ¡
û¡˵ûջȥлᡣ
˵֡ݡһҲҪڷָңҲҪˡ
˵꿴УУͣнְ
⻰һǾһû뵽˵Ļ
𼤶̧ץס򣬡һᣬ취
Ϊ㡭Ϣһ£̬ȼᶨ˵ҲŲҪ
ӣſڿӣûв˭˼
ôġ
ȿȡ̵δƽ֣԰˵ʦѧУ첻ͣнְ
Ǿ١侲ί˵ҼҪʡᣬһʱ䳤١
Уɫã񱥺ŭһڻؾֶܡ
˵ȱ˲ŵʱ򣬾ǲȱҲܷŰߣǱƱҵ
ѧУѧûˣҲַֹŽһᡣ
ҪѰֳ
У಻ˣüҪס˲ţҪע̬ȡ
У
ĻѣǱǻָ߿һѧǱصĴײˣ𡣡
ܶطҪеΪ˲ţֹǷּô򵥡
ʲôó
˺ˡ̵δԲЦеĿŻ˵Сӵøʦӡ
Ҳӡ౻˵ĿЦãԼ˵˵ջȥ𣿡
ѧУҪ˭⣬ȥַӦһ£Ǿȥǲˡ
ҶȥӦ£ȥ˾ͻóԸ⻹ûԭˣ
ˣ̵˵ЦˣĿۻ࣬㻹ѽ
תͷУѯô죬ȴ˵СӸĺˣû˵ˡ
û˵Ƿƨջȥ
У
ҡҡͷ޷ģջأֳ´
һ仰˻ǽְԱסѣȥ
ҾͲҪݹˡһ˵һҾͰѶߣǵ
¡̵λȰסȻذɣ侲һ¡
ߣصͿֺȦڴϷ
塣޶ᣬޡ
ûޡֱסղû
¡޶һŤͷָ˵ְڣ¡
红ӡߣʲôǻ
Ϊ㣬ҲŲҪֵͷ˵ҲΪȥˡ
֪಻еǣҪΪһˣɲҪ
һݹ۾ԻЦҲҪˡ
ɵ˵ôѧѵΪзݺù
ο㻹ϲ顣
ҡͷϲҵϲҵ
ϲΪȥˡ
ࣺ
΢ԭֵļԼһݹ͡
˵ԸҪݹ
˵վжʰһһȥ
ࣺ
һס֣ɤͳһ˿Σ𼱣ȳԷ
ٺúÿһ£Ҫǳ극֣Ҿȥ٣ǰͣнְҲС


32 
ѽ
ֵĿŻ,Ҷ˵˲ȥզء
Ҿȥ˵ֲʲô
ôܷİһȥ
ٻǲͣнְҲû¡˵˹ҪˣֲָݹԷ
, ҲΪŲ, ǴҪߡ
˵㡣˵ֲȱڷ, üĸʲô
֣
˵ǳﲻζûȸأ
ͽ¡
Լ֪ɹûһ渺
˼ʹϵͲˣ
һܻЩѧͬѧ˷ط˶УƷԺĵ
ദķǳá
һǧˡ˵ͬѧദ, Ц˴ûͻ, κ˶ǫǫӡ
Ǿ, 뷨򵥡
´, ĵ׺ܲʣҾûǺ˶, ١
ʲô˵ֻԷ£ЩʺͼʣǶ˻л˼
Ҫôṫ˵
˵ֺ֪Ӧɵģ
Ȼǡ˵ĺܿ϶,ٱҲָҲûôĻ
Ǹˣڻ࿴Ǹֱڿ죬뵽ʲô˵ˡ
һл˼, һҲ˷, ΪЩ¾ͻϡ
ֲ˵
ֻ˵ù, ԶСĽǰڡ
ɲܷƢ쵽У칫ҵʱ򣬰Щĵ˵УӦݹҾͲҪˡ
ʲôƢЦãװΪʲôԼ̵ʦУǰĽ̵ΣҶˡ
˵ֲǵĴ˭Ҳû뵽ᷢ£ҹǸʲô
ǾͺáɿЦֲÿǺ죬ԭԨԴ
šͷѻı޶ݸ֣ȥҽ̵ιȥУ칫ҵ㡣
ʲôɻ󣺡²ܡ
԰˰ѰִߣԼֱȥУ칫ҡ
Уüţ˻ӦŽȥͣнְ
ûʽϰࡣУͷۣε˵ô
ɡУ룬һ¼٣¹ȥٻϰࡣ
ϲˡҡͷЦһҪܾҪԲݣ᲻
Ҫ֣ҪǣûҪ
У
Ƥ˼£֪Сʲô£޷ڵľ档
Ҫ⡭УҪȰһ£ֻǻ಻˵꣬͵֪Ҫ쵼ͬͣнְ
绰á˵곭绰һ߲һ˵ҲΪѣҲ⣬ֻұ˽¡
У˼ףѧУȱٽʦҪܹߵȽʦν̡
಻ίҲܹУǰ²ףֻܰڳǿӲ̬ȡ
Լ
¸硣ͨ绰һ࣬˵¡
û˵£ֻ˵ԼҪͣнְöԷæ
֪Է˵ʲô˵֪ȱٽʦֲһæɡ
У
һţ޲ðѵ绰ǲ֪Է˭
ֻ͡
š˵УԱأ칫ҵ绰ġ
Сһ˵һ䣺鷳˸硣
ѵ绰У¾ֳ㡣
У
߷ߵصۻ࣬ӹ绰ó¾ֳ
Ǳ˵˼仰УʱЦˣ˫۾ɵʣģ̫ллˡ
úãǾ
ѽѽУµ绰һΣʶ¾ֳ˵һ²ͽˣʲôͣнְ
ڲġûֱӵҲ¡
ҡ࿴УԼҪν̣Ͱ°ˣҲ
ѧУܶ࣬һҪ
㣿УֱӣֻҪղ˵һ䣬᲻ˣαô鷳
һ࣬һ˵ѧУĽҲܲ塢֡
ʲһ
ҡУ˼ʵڰ첻ˣĿſ󣺡Ÿʦɣ
ܡֱӾܾüЦЦ˵ղų¾ֳǴӦٵһʦֲֵĿȱ
Ҫ׳ôУ
ͣнְȰɡ಻˵Ļᣬʮ䵭˵ȥֿߣҪĸߵʦҵҲᱻƹ
С˵һΪҵס
ǲô۸ˡɫڳر𲻺ãҪʱͼʲôֱ˵ּᣬһЩĸҲҪ
˲ܵ˱˻ԡ
СӡУ㱻ѱˣֱӺĸУرģ
ֲʦ಻һۣҪһرʲô
Уһҭû˵̾ķ
ﰵôôһβĶ
ˡŲ뿴һԼŰ죬ǼҲ뿴סȥ
ĵߡ
У
εҡͷ֪˵һûҪֻ
ҪѧУָ
ʱȴŲһαϲ˵
Ӵ̵ŽЦУʲôѽ
У
һ仰Ҳ˵İڰ֣ʾࡣ
Уͣнְ˵Űʦһ
ӹ޶Լţ԰˵ȥɣǻҪȥ
ִӦһУ֪ôˣһȥɡ
˳⡣

ǻؼˡ
ָ˵Ի˵ҿϳģҪ컹Ҫһˡ
·죬һЩƷҪûгһòȥ
𣿡࿴һۣӱӸϳôһ£ֵ
ǰֵͷϣҲûҪǲ
ࣺ
Ƴ۰֣źЦˣСƢʹСӡ
СƢľȭͷͱ޶һѱסҪְ֡
Ű۵С촽ỨϾҪƵġ
򲻴򡣡ּæջ֣޶һغЦأְֿЦûд
ˣˡ
ָᣬԻЦǣ˭Ķ˭
ǡ࿴ű޶ЦЦСԴ˵ûְ֣򲻹ҡ
֣
޶
㡣һߣԱ޶˵ϳ
࿴ЦǺǵĺͱ޶һ΢һЩ
ֶ޶һͻȻ̧ͷԻ˵š
˵ʱ䣬عпүүɨɨĹһ¡
ࣺ
ñӵһ٣۽ޣƬ̺˵Ҳá㼸ûȥˣӦûȥ
־˵Ҫˣֻ߰ȥʱȥԿףƻϣܻȥһˡ
ֻûʱȣԵʱû
Ļͷȥˣֻһֱû¶ġ
񻪺Ͱ־ǣһֱɲڽǶԷޡ
û֮ǡ
˼·뿪ٽӡ
л˵
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ


33 
³е䣬Сݸշѿ֦ͷһ̡Ҫũ
³, е䣬Сݸշѿ֦ͷһ̡
Ҫũʱڡ
һɫĶ, ϢĿٽ, ͣһש߷ǰ
һ, ڳͣµ˲ƿţֱ
޶ֺû
ڴſı޶Сܹ壬ˡ
ûֱ˵תȦóԵˡ
룬塣޶ظ, ЦһС,, 塣
ԭ, ǿ밡˲ףЦӯӯ˵Ǳ޶ԣ
, ֱܳű޶С
ݡͣ½Ų
ڰϣþûƶҲѰֱ
ŸʲôƳ, ȥһֱֻһ£ж
˾ء
ˡͻȻһжǲùܡ
ǻھ, һʮ, ׳һ⡣
ѽҵ衣循, ۾ڳ˺ˡ
һˣẰһ飬üүǳж
֣
ͻ˾
˭Ҳܲˣ˾һƿֱһվȥ
һȺүǣڻºܿͳжϡ˲Χſ
㿴ֶ˾ЦҾ˵㲻ôװжɣж˰æ
˾ǳ鶯ĬĬƿĿ⣬ﰵװжλռˡ
Ҳ˵ʲôϾָѣһ˳;һЩ롣
Щжɡ˾˵Ҫץʱϻȥ
Ȱ˰æЩж˾ֱӿ뿪
ʲô࿴˾üõš
ôòšƳһۣϸ˲õʱ򣬻ַֿ㣬гá
ͷüЦÿɫĿžϲ졣
ɲǡüɫ˵С֪ǻ
Ǵһ̨ѾϵĿɫë¡
ǮģʣϹ˰ɣ˵Ҫǧأ
˵ַ˵СʻûС
Цӯӯ˵ҲܹǧǮ
䣬ЩֺֿˣǱסһ
һ
ǧһŷŰֽͰ͵˵áǮ
ûǮСһ壬ģġ
ࣺ
ƤֱԤԽãһͬĿŰ֡
Ȼûá
ⲻǹûˡ̾ϢֲеأҲܳԱҵԼ취Ǯ
һ̯˵ֲ粻ֻܿ뵽̨ܲǮ
ҰԺȥ಻˵ҲȥЪŰɣһ·ͦġ
û¡ְڰ֣˵
ѱ޶ڻ໳ְȥ
ֿЩˣЦ˭Ҫؾ˵ٶȿ죬ֻҪǮС
ҶһӵģͻݣҲøǮͷѡѺѾС
ˣ
ûһ˵𾪰ûǮ¡
̾úõĹզûˣϧ
ôһ˵Ҳ׷׿ڣǿϧʧȥ¡
ʽѧҵ룬Ľ¡
ûһզ£Ȼ´ʹ֣ƽıܿ⡣
Ǹ̽ʣҪһĶظǮѣ
ԭãȻܰãզҲҪЩǮ
룬Ҳ֪ҪǮҪһĶػѶٲܶɱ֮ٸǡ
ֱ֤ҶˣǮһߣ˲һ
ҪǿЩ̫飬ͷһȲ˵ЩôǮ
ܲܽȥãһǮҲɣɵ
ۿۼԽԽ࣬Ҳ˵ˣһĳۡ
ųţ˭Ϳš
սݣͼѾˮţֱӵݵ
ȵˮϿЪһ
ЬϿţŻǽһ㲻붯˼ˮ˵ڵˣ
һ˳ȥܲ˺ܶ࣬ǳɹȻ֧ͣ
Ҫǿ촺ˣ̾ϢһҪһʱ
ô绰࿴һƣЩ۵ʣ㶼ʲôˣݳ
ȻǼ򢣬ߵʱֺģݵЩݡ
⵭ĮģǱ۵
ֲû࿿յ˵ҷˣƣ
ֻعɨĹүүͬʱҲ˼סʮļҡ
̫䣬ĿġʹࡢԹߡ
Ҳ˶ھӣһ𳤴ĺõĹ޶ٴôС
ûһİС
ͯ硣˵ûѧسҲûС⡣
ûǮҲû·ӣֻ³ܣɽҰ˼Ǯ
н·оͱǮһѡ
ȥнëϢ֪羱洦
ֳ׵ͷתȥУǼҵλĻװˡ
ǧ档Цݲãŵ˵²˶Ǯ
ࣺ
Ҳ֪˴𰸣ȥˡ
ķݳ
ʰֲ»СǮ
٣ޱ飬̧°գݳ
Сּæס죬СĿԺЩˣѹƲ¶Ǯñ֪
ָ˫˵࣬һ˷࣬һ
·ôãôǮ˼ط
רЩϳûҪĿ棬ͼ۸¡
һ£׬Ҳ۵òᡣ
£ʱԲ˯ãô᲻ݡ
۵㡣ְͷڻϣһƣ˵ҲǮ
̾оǻ࣬ҲǮǿˣ
ࣺ
ֹ֪ǺҲȲϣһƫƧСǰˡ
οϺ͸ӡ
ԺȥˣɬҲֹֻҪԼϲʲôС
Ҳ̫ȥ죬Ʋֵ˵ң
˵Ҫֻͯ޷˵Ļ
࣬ѾٽӵԼļҡ
ࣺ
ŰĿԼְӵڻʵǮƹþУûҪôࡣ
ǶӵʱԱ˵Ա֮Ժôãⲻ̰⣬Լߵˣĸá
ûǮУǮٸǲС
ࣺ
ֵ֪⣬Ȱ޷ڣֱϡ
ֻܸɰͰ͵˵㹤ô죿ѧУǱ˵ˣǼỹģѧУĽ


34 
衣
ֲ˵ڲȥϰࡣ
ָ, Ҫֵأտһ±޶
ҪСǮ
һ¹ʲŶǮҾСҲǶ࣬
㲻ϲʣϲǮƺ
Ȼܡֻشֱ׳,ֻҵ, ϲʦݹ, һС
ȻҲģҺαҪһĵףֲûѡ񡣡
ܱ˩סˣ氮رҪݹԲӵʱ
ʲô¶Ҫ¡
ٲʲԸֻҪѡ񣬾ֻˡ
ǲ, ֪ԼǮ, Ҳ׾ͷݹ
κʱҪΪһ׼
ࣺ
֪, ֻЩе, ʱ򻹲Ҫ
Ű֣ҲƾԼ, Ƿǽʦְҵɡ
ǲǿ
ֻǿЩӡ΢̾һʦסر£ԴȱеĽʦŸѧ
רǱȱȽǣר˶Ǳ, οǱƱҵĴѧ
־ͶʦѧУôã޹УǲϷ˭֪һѧʲôʱٸһ
˸һ²˵˵, 롣
Լ̾, İָ첲˵ȥͲȥ, ûҪΪһЩԭȡᡣ
ֻԼѧʱľЩ̣ΪЩòѧѧǡ
ЩʦձеĸԼ㻹ǽʲô
ûкõĽԴҪһ·ȥ췽ҹ̷
Űӣഺ಻˵ãÿ̫ࡣ
𣿡סЦŶʮž͸ϣЩͷ㰡
ָһġüۣɫ˵һ㲻ϣֻ꣬ǱҲһ㡣
ֶգգۣԴЦȲҵഺ١
ǡ౻ЦüչЦഺ٣ΪĴѧ𾴵Сʦ
üЦ˵ǣҵŵأԽԽࡣ
ЩЦã㻹Ҫ٣
ȻԽԽáЦܶѽ
ĿڻϣǶϢȥ˼
˵£룬һʱɡ
ࣺ
ͷ֣ۣ˵Ҹ㲻ڣϰҲҪѧڡ
ʱ䣬㹻Լ滮ԺҪ·
СɿЦǾ͹ʱ˵
»ȰԼҪǲӦʧǴӦûá
Ϊ£ѧУǱһӦڴֲ
תͷ⣬ԽԽ࣬Ƕϡ
¡Դ˵һ˽˵ô죿
µĸ
㲻Ѿ˵ˣüһۿ͸ֵС˼˭˭Ǯʲô˵ģֲմ״ʡ
˼ǧǮֲǮģôҪΪ顣
ֲͽ裬ˣҲῪ
Ȼ䣬뵽һ⣬Ҫ˵֣ǴҲûῪ
Ƥһæֵǲ裬û˻ῪԼҲæûʱǵ¡
⵹û¡˵ڼֵأȥæǸؾУֻǲ֪ҪǮ
Ƴۻ࣬ʣ˵Ҫ٣ôҲҪһ㣬Ҳܿǡ
ֲЩһĶҪͣһܸٵء
»Ҫ˵
ôֿ˵ôҲ㣬ֲǰװæǮҲ𣿡
ࣺ
治⣬ָղһ˵͸Ͻˡ
ְֱ˵
鷳ӿһɷ꣬üһԸ˶ǡ
Ƕȥ
ҪȥһĶԺֺĲͣ
һûסϽЬµ׷ȥ

˿̻ҵԺһȺСүΧ
һЩϼǰĴдСϱվһԿ֡
вٺҴܣСдֺҳһƬ
һĸʲôأԺӵˣͷ˵ˣƵָû꣬û¸ˣ
ȥϹNɪ
ôһ죬ôЦȴûһ뿪
˺ţ찡ǿ
ϡϡ¡
ÿµѽ
Ǵ̨ʱǾɵģ̨µˡ
ָվڻߣôһԺӡ
վˣ½ŵطûУҲһ
˵ʲôſ˺ǶѽҲȥ
Ǵѽ
֣
һ
ĺֱһ䣺ƨûŲ
͡ûסЦ˳ˣǿɡ
Ҫȥ濴ȥ಻ǺƢֱӰǿΧ˳嵽Աߣҹ濴ȥڡ
ûغſÿ
ҪⶫŪȥָ֪ͣҲûá
һƤЦҲûں̫˽Щˡ
ۿȥԺߣһز塢˨
һӻ˵ȥɣ徻ˡ
ЩͷۣԤΪԺв鷳
ˣôõĶٷҲ˻ȥ
û뵽һ̨ôĺ䶯ٴθ̾ҿЩãûӦ޳ǡ
ֵжҪû˱Ǹ֪ߣ񻬹һ˿ΣＸƥţ̨á
֣
һʶǮ
۾һһӱס첲˫ۻȵ˵ҿҪѧ
ࣺ
ѧּһҪѧôء
ֻãŰֵأôࡣ
СʱҲ㣬гãֱȫ
ַһ㣺Ǯõѽ
̫ࡣܾҪѧſȥʱãʡ¡
Ҫ˸أܲˡ
ܡû¡ҿԡظһ˫Բۣ°ʹֻҪǮʲôܸɣʲô඼ܳԡ
Լϸĸ첲սȭͷȻ࿴չʾԼһ档
ⶼԼÿζҪһٶء
ֺں˵ǿأôС¸ʲô
ɡĸϻ𳵣ǿˡ
Դ䣺Ǯ׬˵
˵ࣺ


35 
ҡ
ٶȿ㡭
õ㾢ѽ
ҵԺ, ڼʻϣһ߶š
ܶʼһظ, һ
ͻ
ͻͻ
Ȳ, ҡ, 촽һ
ʹĸ
ͻ
ͻͻͻ
ͻȻֶˡ
ְյĲ¶ͷϵĺǿǱһй
վڴֲȥԼҡĴࡣ
̫ôˣָ̾ҡôãһζûš
һ̧ۣͿϣ봹۽һ޾ɵģ
ࡣ۾һ, ǿһ,ѽ, ٽ̽ҡ
ʹ㾢, ٶȿһ㡣̧ۣĵ˵õɾС
֣
һһ, ĵӣǽӦе̬
Լۻϰ𣬻൹һûһĻϴܡ
ҡ, ļܵǰ첲ק
ȥ𣬿㡣
֪಻ԸѧҲûʲô, Լ۳ˡ
Ҳһ¡
ﲻ, һһ, ǰҡһ
㣬㣬ҡ
Լзܣһûв˽
ǿͷ󺹣кͮͮգѵĻȥ
ϰǵһ
˵꣬ͱִ̧ϣͣ
ҲѧҲܿ°ͣб˵Ժͽ㣬ֻ𿪡
ࣺ
һҿģЦԺҵҪǴ𡣡
εҡѣʾֿԼҡ¡
£һ¶ûãʱһͻͻͻ
Ļˣ
֣
˫ãȻԼҲôҡѽôʹŻ
㵱ʦУܾͲ㡣˵ͲǸϡ
Ĺգ˫ȴ˵Īûеֻ
ʲô˼̧־ס䣬ʹ˳˵ѧãô˵ʦ̵Ĳá
ԴܻСģͻȻЦ
Цˡ

ԽԽһû˼ǵ㲻ʲԸ
һɢ
Цֵۣڳݺݵģ̬ȣúý̡
ֳ˳䣬һвʣ֪֪
֪ˡӦţ˵ԼǹɾС
֮⣺Լ⡣
ˡ㬵طſ֣ȽôһԼ𡣡
ɸԼڻʹϢһС
ţһֻĴָߴһȡ
Ҹࡣ
ͷЩԹ϶ȴᣬôżʲô˾Ϣһ
תͷҡ
͵ĵԲ˫ۣһĽԭأ촽һƬ
˿˫ͣڻϡԼǰȥƵģ
ְ֣ġ项һһ£ǿѹļ¶ɬʣ㡭𣿡
ϻȵ˫Լζ봥˿̾ͽԼϡ
־ѣͷһû
ʧ룬ƮĿİͰ͵˵ҡҡ֪㡭˵ɶ
ǻ㱼䣬Ƴһ˵ģæҧ´
šջ֣ʲôûһϢһ£һѧ
˵תߡ
֣
׷ȥһӱŻ࣬ϡ
ҡҡ
˰죬ǰֻǻԼ䷢ֵ顣
Լ˼޶ʱľĪĻң̲ס۾Żת
ҡҿǡϲİɣ
Լϲ࣬һ̲ŻȻ֣ϲѼ֡ϲ
˵ڡ
ղ˫һ˲Ĵ־ϲ߾
û¡侲֣ǿԼתӵڻʱ仹롣
ͣƬֵ̺ôУⱲӾˣ㲻ңӵкܶࡣ
໹˵ú룬嶯ԺٺڣΪʱܲ֡
ûһֱѹԼҲʥˣڵõ֮ʲôȫ֮¡
ֻҪͺˡֵһۣ̲ס˵ʲôҪҲҪ
˫ֽס಻֣ͷϣߵĲ̧ͷ
ѽԽ˵Խͣ˼Ķ½ţ˼ˡ
ࡸһӲɣ˫Щʪ
°ֻԼ㣬ίʾʲôһͷûˡ
ǰˣ°ܰƣᱣס
šϲ飬İ֪֪ˡ
ְ֡޶վſڣ۾ɻĿǣʲôأ
֡ݡջ֣ͷҿ޶ҴԺȥ
ȥԺ
ۣЦĶӣָ˵ҵ㡣
ֽŲһ٣תͷݺݵһۣ˭ȡ
ԺϲĴӿһۡ
ΪԼˣ켸䶬ûˣͳʱȽתů
Լڵһ£֪˭ѧģúԺԺǽů
ϺܶˣϣԼһԵ졣
һԼԼļ۵ˣ־ü񵽱ˣ
ϲ㡣ʶૣϲ
һһ֡
¶ԷǸӲˣԽԱ𻹻񣬰ҲɱԼġ
ǿ˵ϲȰԼ֡
Ļ࣬վԶ
ԼĽŲһˣϲ͹ˡ
ð룬ҲһҲ㹻ϲ
ֲ֪Լվ˶ãֱȱסͷ޶˫峺ڵĴ۾
壬ְ㡣
һȣ忴أһȥ
޶Դգ۾壬ǰְѽ
˭ѽɻ󣬸ҪʱϲʶǰԺະ֣һ¡
ִӦһǣ޶˵ˡ
ǰԺߣɻ˭ԼֹǧѧУˡ
̫ɥһûУֲϣôɢ
ڻߣϣı䡣
ָչչǽǣͿվԺ˵
߽տ弸˵һ
û뵽Լ
ѽҵˡ
л˵
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ


36 

־ȣôҵˣ
ֿν, ɻʣǣ
ǰͬѧЦû뵽Ƿֵһ𡣡
̫ˡֿһİˣûнܵ˼ǵ, Ƚ˵
֪Ϊʲô, ǼȻҹ, ôҲҪдһ¡
ְȥҪݲдӹȥ
˵
ྵӡְװӵƵǰЦզôУûϰ𣿡
ûΡЦӽ, ˳
ûȰּ, ͰԼ˵,˵ѧУֵ㲻, һ֮°ͣнְ
һ㶣಻˵, ôϢᴫȥ
Уͽ̵Ӧò˵ѽ
΢΢ü뵽УԼ̸ʱ߻ˡ
п˵İɣ
û˼ɫãæ͵ǹ, ǲȥĵط
֣߰ԼڷֵʮУ½ѧУܺãȱѧУࡣ
ڻȱʦ˵ҪԸȥ, 治, ѧУ졣
˵꿴ۺν, ЦξǻغУѾתʮУҪȥԺǾͬˡ
ﾪȣνʣѧУͬתߣ
ⲻѽǺȱʦôˣ
ͬ⡣ν۾εҡͷЦЦָ˹ͬҲû취
ŶˣνǱˣѧУˣֱӸˡ
ȥ𣿡ʣֻҪͷҾͻѧУ˵ֻҪŹȥϰУʲôùܡ
ֳĬˣ֪˵ԼԼʮйԼߡ
һ㣬֪ԼܴӦΪ֪໹Լѧ
Լȥ಻ǿԼȥʮУ֪Ҳ
ֲô
֪˼ˣѾ̽ģ˼
־Ͳܲú롣
ʲôᡣĬֵƾֻҪУ쵼Ӧ
ڲֹѧУĸطʣҵرӡ
ЩżΪѧУ˲ţҲһ°֡
㲻Ӧ÷䵽ϡ˵ǲֵܷУһѧҲ㵽ѧ
̫ϧ˲ˣ
ԼķҲǲҪȥУûԸ
ĺǲ
ر֪֣䵽ѧôȱԴĵط
ĻԹ
дһЩԹ͸©ԼĲǶĵĹܵõѧǰ
ֿЦãⷬ߶ˡ
İԼҲһЩΪԼ򱧲ƽ˼ˡ
лл㡣ЦȻǷ䣬ҲԼԸġ
ԼȥĸѧУûʲô뷨޷Ƕǽˡ
벻ãô⣬ΨһľҪһЩ
Ҿ¡˵Բϰ࣬æ˾ͻѧУ
ֵطҲԸ⣿ȣŵĿŰ֣һΪǲأ
ûСֿ϶˵Ըģġ
ѧУĲ죬Ҳһ£ûôء
Ǹ˼ʰˡ
˵ֻǼ˵˼䣬Լ˼ı
㡣һֱû˵ĺν˵û˲ȥУֻԸСط
Լ
ԼֻǴרѧҲ뷨跨صУԼˡ
ԼԸߴߡ
˸־ϧذѡ񣬡ǿ
ڰַʡУֲ֪ҰĵˣҲֵ֪Сط
ίš
ȻԼԸ⣬Ҳǿ󣬱ֵ󷽡
Ҫлл㡣ĺǸмл뵽ҡ
ܳķ棬뵽Լҹ
ֶҪл
ôʲô˼ЦЦҲѧУҪ˲ţҲﲻʲôæ
ˡνһ£߰˵תˣǺһСѧ
ԾܿҲ뿪ˣڰ칫ֻʣºԼ
ôˣ־ȣ漴ףǶкõطˡ
ʹҲͬν˵Ĵãô᲻ȥء
˰죬ͬѧУ棬ôʡĲȥɵӡ
ν֣Щû˵Ϊɵ
ֻ˵ģ˸־
˵һվҪߣԼַ֡
¿Լ
߰һˣԺ󻹲֪ʲôʱأôҲҪԶٷߡ
ˡ˵Ҫڵϻ緹ˡ
ǺðɡΣ֪ϵĳޣȻǻ£ҾͲˡ
Ժл档Ц٣ǿǶʱ䣬ôҲҵĻᡣ
ҲǡЦˣԺлټ
ߣվſڣֺˡ
ͷҪƹ࣬һס䲻ײ
ɣֿİһ£˼ӣҵȥժˣСײʲôܳˡ
㲻⣿ʣҲȥ﹤
Ҫܡ´ܵ͵˵ϻȥһҲҪü졣
ɿĿۻֵ࣬ҶûڵȻˡ
ƲƲ죬Сһ䣺ΪҲ֪һѧ
һЦˣָĦһ£˵Ҹ뷨ҡ
Ҳ˭ѽû˵ˣȥĵط𣿡
Ҳȥˡ
ͻ˰Ҫǣڴӡ
ôﶼǻ岻ô
Ĭˣֵ˼ﲻ̾ϢԼǵ
һõġ֣µ˵κʱ򣬶˺㣬Լ
Ȼ֪ЩҲϲϻࡣ
֪бȫǻϲǵʣһ
ࣺ
⻰ʵˮƽ
֪ʲô˼ȴԤвã룺ҪðָҲǲԡ
ȻֻҪˣʲôԸ⡣
ˡƲƲ죬һҿ͸ģ֪ҲΪѣ͹ô˵
ࣺ
ɵԽԽˣ
úýҿһ˵ҵðǮ׬
ȻѧУҲڣܸ˸ء
ôҲҪ׬
²㡣üһͬ˵̫࣬ȥ㲻òġ
С˼ô᲻ףôðԼƤӵ
׬Ǯ˵Ҹûǡ
ģϲݷųЦݣԸȥ˸أ
ֹ̧ӣЦŴȤǰ˸أȥ׬Ǯ
ȸԾﰵССһҮԸȥ׬Ǯִˡ
л˵
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ


37 
һ㡣
һ¿ˮ, һ˵þûԵ²ˡ
Сֶ˼ѣٳһЩӡӾ²˺ӡ
, ־͵緹, ²˳˰߸ߡ
Ÿ㳴ԡ
ﻨǮʣĸ˭ѧģ
Ժϲ, ͵һƬ˸ˡ
һݵСײˡˡˡЩڶ̵С˲඼ܳˡ
ӡǡһ¢¢Ҳ˲٣¾ܳժ
¹Ϲǰһ¡
ǰ˵ũҵѧѧԺԹû¾ȥ
ũҵʶѡ
߶ˣ뵽ϲЩֻǵʱ̫䡣
ضĸʯͷƵģøٶٲ, û취
ֱ·ů, ˰æ, ѸŪٲ硣
ǰϡ
Ҫ˵ֵػ㡣ֿΪԼֵЩ, ̵˵ǲܴôá
һСˣһ¢¢, 롣
չ֦Ҷ׳ɳ
Ƴһۣ˵ֲܵʲôҪᣬЩеûĸʲô
ҲỹѧյصһۣͲ˵ģ
ࣺ
һ, ֪ţǼ⣬˵Ļ
ˡ
ʵûʲô˵ġ˵Ǵˣ
Ϊٱ£Уٿһͨ, Ѿٱ˵ˡ
ͬʱ̬ȼı˸ֵĽ
󲿷ְֽԱֵ֧ġ˵ϣʽʦ, ѽѧȥ
ڵߵļ, Ҳˣ¾
УȻΪѧ̫õĸ
Ҳֹܼߴߣֻһֻ۱һֻۣҲסġ
淴ѧûкô
һʦסǷһĨЦһȥģǱȽ˽ᡣ
ܿһУʦйϵȥѧУľӻ˵иóɼ
ĨһƨϣҵһҵĳɼЩͬѧУƨǡ
ѧϰ̿࣬ѧУһ۽ޡ
һصУǱѧ٣ֻϵȡ
˵顣ʦһʹܿϸСרҲû٣˵ȥһصѧУ
СѧʦѧǳУרҵĶûм
ѧٿ̿ŬܸԴޣҪȥҲǧѡ
ˡֲͷ֪ˣҲң
Сûĵľô˵ҡЦãָڰϵһ£ôңиж
Ҳֻϣǲȥ⣬ȥѧУֵأǾͿǿǻѧУ
ҾͲȥ㰮զզءˣǮ˵ɡ
պͻ໥⣬ҪԼ˵ûƫʲôѧУѧУ¡
Ҫˡ

ɹϣһӣðֺһ
ɹϣҪصĶ
ȺҪĹڵǼҪĶء
ۿżҼһɹ룬۾תж˼һǮء
˵ֵʣԸǮ˶𣿡
ڲ¡̣ѼڵĻȥӦò࣬Ҳ㡣
Ҫ˵˽ˣǻֲ࣬У˽ⲻ
һǮ޲
׳ģôԸǮ
Ҫֺء˵ӵĵأΪʱ䣬ԸǮ
ǵ㡣һҲ٣Цӯӯ˵ãûǮ֮ϲ
ÿһ°ͣü۾ϲǹǳЦ⡣
ݹڣ֪ˣΪϲ¡
ӵ½ߵǰǿһΧ
иص𣿡ֱӿʣо͵ǼǣǮڣûоɢ
ǮһĶʣҼҪĶӣһ¿ܲ
ǮһĶ˵һһ顣
˵ֲһ䣺ʹ۸񣬱ռˣߴð˴̶
͡ЦˣƳһۣǹԴ

ӵҲЦˣ׻˼û
Ǳˡʼ۸ǸʮĸŮЦֵܣҲ͹ȥĴҪ߰˿Ǯء
˵Ҳû飬ֱͳǮݹҸĶҲüٰۡ
ɩ˵Ķԡ໺ü滺˵ضæҪץ֣ٸĶʱҲʡ
ˮʲôĲżԼɾС
˵ŰǮݸ֣ϣڵһλ
ֽӹǮñʼµһˣȴǰࡣ
⻹ǲԸ׬Ǯ
˭ǺƼŶأҲܶ׬Ǯǹ˽ʡһЩ
׬Ǯ
ֺǻɣҪǷû⣬Ƽ͵ؼҡ
ú˵ִյߣС˵뻨Ǯصľͻԥԥ˸ǻȥ
ࣺ
ޱ飬ûһֻûڡ
𣿡ּæкǼǽǮٸڡ
Цݲü䣬ϸ˵ؿ죬֣Ҷʡʡ
۸ôˣҲΪչ˴ӵˣȼȥӾͲٸǸˡ
Ǳ̨ʾǣǮˣҪڲأ췴Ҳûá
˵⼸仰Ч˵˹Ǯ
õһʹ졣
Ķء
Ķ
Ķ
һǮһڵڼλһء
ԽԽֿ࣬˼ȥæұ𼷣Ŷӣһ
ֿܣкܶûΧֺиصĿŶӣһ˶ˣǾű˺ˣʱɱ˵ںѽ
ࣺ
ۿŰ⻰һȺˣҪǰ档
ƳæĲɿİ֣Ǻǡһ£ӣƭˣ
ò˵ٰˣֻҪְڳһЦ˵䡣
˸վ
̾ϢǮ̫ˣҪǸһûˣ
ֻȥʵʵ˵Ҫ̫ࡣ
Ǯæһûһһ˵ԼǮ̫ˡ
ǰɡùֽʣҲԼٶȻһ㡣
ѽֻȻ֪Щ˭˭ҪԼٶȲˣǮ
æһ磬ŰѴӵҪص˼¼꣬ҲǮ
û뵽ô˸ءЦĺϲ£죬ſǮֺǺǵ˵һǧ飬ھ͵ˣ
һˡ
ĻЦеĿ㲻ᷴڲ˰ɣ
Ц棬ȴвҪ˵һ䷴ڡ
ͻȥҧһ
Цرĵ˵ˣЩǮȫ׬ģҪǮ͡
ߡֺһ°ͣҵȻ֪ǾһǧٶǮȥ˼Ҳİٶࡣ
ʮʱ䣬˲һһ깤ʣ㻹𣿡
Ҫǿ⣬ô󣬰ҲĲȥϰࡣ
ֻϲðݣԸһ굽ͷĴܣԲЩԥ
ϰࡣ˵ҪǮԺôãԸ⽫͡
˵಻ԸǮԼȥǿ
˿ԼԸ


38 
һΰ¹ȥ쵽ĩæŴ޶ˡιιЩ
һΰ¹ȥ, 쵽ĩæŴ޶ˡιιЩ
ÿ̰ڿȥ˸ء
Ҫĵز, һ, ԳϢ
ˡг, ѱ޶ڴϰСϣҰְȥ
ඣ޶˵ĻС֣Ұְ֡
תСԴϣЦ۾Ż죬壬Ұְȥ
šֵͷЦ޶ְ, ǲǣ
롣޶صĵͷ, ˦С˵ְ, Ұְȥ
ϳ, ȥÿ硢綼Ҫ޶ȥһˡ
⺢벻ࡣ
Щ, ֲûû취ȥʲôôһСӰְš
ʲôѡ
ҪĻǣ޶岻ãҪһ֡
չʱ, Ҳرģһþ
һҪúע⡣
̾ϢֲûǱƢˣԱ޶˵Ҵһ㡣
ĺ˭ѽ
塣޶ͻȻʫ
ãǱʫϸĺţҸͷ, ޶𣿡
á޶ͷһЦ, ĿŰ,챳ѽ
̡ͷ汦޶Լյ磬κ
һױ꣬һͷ졭
죬衭
һ·϶Ǳ޶ͯЦһ͵ɤ
ڶأӲԶͻͻһЩС׷ںߴϷ
ְ֡޶˫ְֺ֣ˡ
𼱡ʹż£·ͣ£ְһ͹ˡ
Ǳ޶ȲгܹȥָϽںߡ
һˤš
׷ϱ޶סС֣ȥŽ±ˤš
ͣôڲϵëһ
жøꣿֱű޶ڻԣ绹𣿡
ˡòñȷ磬ȵͨ죬һСʱˡ
ֱֿʮǾܻؼҡ
š㱦޶СţǸˣô
ְ֡޶˹ȥ§ŻಱӣҰְ֡
ңզְֵĻСƨɣָŵͷˣС˵ûôŵģ㿴Щ㣬еܵöԼء
Ҳ޶С죬ڻС˵Ұְ֡
СεĳЦЦô
ֲЦˣٴͺˡ
Ҳû취ôҲҪʵû˵
ԼҲһࡣ
ֿܣһæµӰ
һҴСټȫ
겻ܸɻСӣΪû˿Ҳڵͷˣ
һ֮ڴָпһæ
Ļũ壬ÿ춼泯죬ΪǵԺȴ
ææµµһ꣬ǮҲࡣ
˿˿紵һƷ˿䣬տա
ǵ취Ǯ
һЩɵУȥûҪôء
ǮˣֵһּۣĶأͷһ껨á
˵ֲĲһ䣺ҳԺôá
Цãü˵ܿˣôԹ
˵һ䲻ȥĴӸ㿴㣬⼸춼ûҺɫ
ֲ֪Ϊ˱޶Ҳǲܽ
ֻҪԼһˡ
ǲȥ˵Ĳ۾¡
ˡסһָ£ˣҲ
ûСָһ飬ɷŵ͵׬ǮĻôװ˷ˣ̫ϧ
ŵĿܣ˼һָû
ֻܽŵŤš
£û¡࿴ţɿ˵û˻˵ʲôġ
ȴ޶ȥɣץһ㣬һȥ
ѱ޶ۻͻȻЩۡ
ͷϴñӣһϴЩƵİ׳£ɫĿȡ
Щɹֺһȡ
۸ɡ˵ַѩô
Сһ㶣漴ͷǾͿ۸
˵սһЩҼˡ
ˡЩգܻ˵ǮΪ˹ĺһ㣬ֲ
תˣ಻ЦҲ㣬ˡ

ͻͻͻ
ϣԶԶĿԼſˣ˭ѽʶ𣿡
ࣺϾˡ
Ŷɻ󣬡ũæʱʱ°ɡ
Ͼˡͣʾȥţզˣ
ＷһЦݣɤ˻Ƶ˵Ҳе¡
ƣɣų֪࣬뵽ʲô
˼֡
ֿһۣ򿪴ŶԻ֣ɡ
ȥ˵ɡ˵ֱ꣬ӰԺӡ
ﻹվڴſڣкϾˣѽ
æӦһűߵ˿ӣ
ݣһˮȺȵˮ
ӹȥ˼ЦЦ˵ҲûǴɶһ̯ļ
˵öʮһǼ˫Ь
ֿһЩֿһĳ϶һ¡
ﰵ룺һǹǮ򲻻ô
ϾЬ˵ҲûǴĶ
⼸˫Ь͹ˡϾãˡ
಻ࡣ֣ɶ򡣡
ʵľګ̫˵ôѾ࣬뵽Լ¡
Ǿ̧ͷ
һҳָָԼϣȥϴϴϾţһ˵
úáִٵȥϴҲ¡
ɡఴ򣬡ȵˮϢһ£һ·Ҳͦ۵ġ
˵תȥָ󣬡ȥԺժˡ
š˵ʲôԵģóˡ
ִӦһ˲ӣԱ޶˵޶ժȥ
ǣű޶ߣˮ۰ͻȻҾ˿ҪǮ
һ㶣Լ˵⻰ɶ˼
¡ɫͣЦ˵úһ¡
죬ޡһµ˭ҲŲء
һˣ鳩ġЦȤ˵ܰۼҵ÷
Ҷġ
л˵


ĵʫﶼǽã


39 
Բˡ
к, ˱ס
ͷϰڵļ㣬۾Щ,, Щʲô
ǰԼд, ﲻζԼﲻæҪ
Ϊˡ赭д˵Ҫúд
׾˴Լ˶ʵˣǼҼҲԣ̧ͷ
һԣϰڵļˣҽȥ㡣
ף˳չû뵽, ˴ó
ɱһֻ, ը뼦, ժЩСˡŶˡպԡ
㡢⡢, ټڱ˼һûСˣ˵ĵ˶Ӳˡ
Ըȡֳʱ, һȣæøңǳ԰ɡ
ϾϲԼ򡣡˵żһ򣬷ŵ,û˵ɡ
ûС￴ô飬ǾнЦҾͺһڡ
˵꿴պˣʣʱҲ͸, ôܳˣ
Իⲻʱ򰡣
ǰֵġͣѧ, Ҳǵһ֡
ǿɺáͷ, Ц˵ʱܳһպˣθڶ󿪡
ԺСʱȥ
һ㶣æɲУҲá
ָżС˵ҪȥҶ򣬻Ǯɡ
ⲻġ˵Ҳûֶ٣Լҳԡ
ϾкȾƳԲˣԵĲʱſʣϾʱʲô£
䣬˵һ뷨
ũæʱ϶Ǯֻǲ֪Ǯòý衣
Ҫٲźʣ
ᵽ£ʱûθڣ¿˵Ͼûڡ
ŲɣƵֹſֱϡ
һȾɫ̣ر任
һĿ˵ǰǮûϾֵ㣬ʵû취ˣ
Сʤȥ궨ף˵պ飬Ůҳ˱ʡ
Ůϱûչˣֲ˵ס
򵽳Ůϣ˵ҪһףŮͲˡ
Ůʮôܼ޹ȥǼһԼôˡ
ʮꡣ˵ƣ۾˵ӣôİü޹ȥ
ʮ
ֿ۽ǻ¼ᣬЩߣǼҰʲôѽ
ǿŻ׵ģ
ⶼʲôʱˣ˼룬ŵļҲͬҪ
Բܻסһڣ˼˵ʮһСҲ˼ڣֱǲҪ
۳ֱӵ˲ʺ׼ңϾ㻹Ǻúɡ
ﰦ̾ҺϾҲôģ֪Է˲񡣡
ϱСӣȥԷҪ񣬽Էˣǲˡ
˫
Сһ֮˺Ĵ˸һ£Էֱɵˣ˵ͷۡ
ڱĴӣȻƣΧһ١
ѳСӿ£óϱȥǮûһǧǮˡ
쵼Э̣ûҪ󻹸˰˰ٿǮ¡
ҪǣһʮǮǳҹŮĲǮ
ҪףûǮʵû취ˡ
һࡣ
꣬̾Ǹ˫С
˼Ϊɶ˫ðʮֳ˵һĶҪףǵʱզ࿴ģýأģ
ֿüͷÿӡǡֱ죬æлú˵
զú˵ѿϣô£ô
˵ǿǾͿˣôɳǴЩ쵼ɶã
զأǮֲǼҵģ˭Ƕһ²һ¡
ĿɿڴۿŻϾѵĸƵģͷԽԽƨҷһ
ͬɿƢͺˣʡñܡ
ϾǳֻҪȰȰ˵ˡ
Ͼ˼ҵ¡
ڣһӣ˵ѽ˼զ£Ϊɶף
һ飬æ̧ͷз˵£֪ѲǮˣ˵մϻ
õ˵ǽ飬˵ҪǰҪ󿪴ũæǰ顣
˵ûмױʹǷǱҲӭװϯ߰͹ȥС
һҪѼױϡ
Ҫ󡣡ҲĲУȭͷ˵զͬ⣬ǲǵ׼ҿҪӢû
Ǽ飬ͬô˹ȥϯûС
ԷҪ˻Ҫز
֪ûǮ˵Ϊǡ
֪͹ȥҪ˲
ûëֲǺ˼ңֻܵǮղ
ֳһоؿڱܣֲ˵ʲô
Ƴ۳ֹ¼Ҳùģһӳ׵ġ
˵ĺã׼ҲҪ
ƨɫ࣬žҵҪʲô
һֲ࿴ųʮֲм˵ý˴ǸһǮҲ˸ǡ
Լ⻹ʲô
ǾԲܽᣬǶԷôΪѣҪѹ¼һͷ
ǾҪۡ
ˡ˵һ䣺Ͼˣû
ˡЩͣʵеһƢãǡԷզ죿
Ƕ֣¹ŮΪ²˵ףԺǸѰ졣
¼ҶʵˣЩֲֻܲ
ǰ˰ٿǮüͷͻһЩ˵û취ҪˣҲҪԷ˵
ôҿ˰£
ͬĵͷȷʵӦ¼Ҳ̫ˡ
Ծǿ¼ʵ˼ӵҪ۸ˣҪһûߡ
Ժ˭˶Ҫһš
һʮǮ㡣࿴ЩǵǮǰǲǣǵǸ
һЩ˱ô߳õǮ
ҪǷڡ̽ʣô죿黹𣿡
˵æ񶨵ҡͷúӢ޹ȥ˲룬޹ȥһܿûӹ
ҹȥһˡЩ۵˵һߣ½ˡ
òáܾũæܵ֡Ͼ˻ȥͺ˵һ˵İ졣
Ҳæ˵СͰ׶ˣˮҪЩ졣
ƽũæ٣ڼտ󣬻뿪졣
ͣ˵ҪȥأԺ
ָŰ˵ģǿãȥǰѵضˣҲٰһۡ
￴֣ﾪȣɣҿ̨ǰĲһ
ЦЦؿ죬ģũվûС
Ǯû˵԰ڣԶҲá
ûҪŻˡ

˯ʱ򣬰ڿϣҪȥӵ¡
Ҫȥѽ֪ԼʵǷϻѾѳܲȥ
˵˳ܣлú˵Ͷ֣ﲻǴӡ
û˰š
֪أȻ鲻ãһ취ġ
¼˶ʵƽ۸ҲˣһЩڽ֮
Ǯƣйڵܵ£Լܲܡ
ҾǶҡ˵֪Сģ⼸겻ʵڹȥ£ҡ
ܽ飬³ԿҲˣ⳥ô¡
ܲ˵
ǰϾв˵һٿǮһֱûлϡ
ӵطȥŰ֪ǼҪСӽ顣
ҲûҪ
ֻǳﻹǮԼ˼൹ûʲôϵ
ʲôʱ֪ԼֹֻǷ޶ô죿𣿡
šӦһͻȻЦһ㲻ȥ𣿡
ңֳһ£һҲȥ𣿡
ȻˡҲµƣ԰üָ˵ȥˣһЩʵݶʶ
˵ԿףѼһľӴ򿪣óһСϻӸ֡
򿪿˵Ժ󽻸ܡ
ʲôѽֺش򿪣۾һǮҹܣ
Ҫһ㣬ʵ̲סǣЦЦЩŤ
࿴ȥˣֵ̧Ǽ˵ЦЦŸ
ֶʱƹ͡һЦЩǮɵְ졣
ŵǮҸʲô
ô˵ȴǷǳʵѾǮʼ
ֻǸ˫峺۲ɵɴԲʢϲá
дѽ
šȫ㣬Ժۼ˵㣬ܡ
ҲŲءЦü䣬۾гһ죬ӲԼǮǿ԰㱣ܡ
˵ԼǮθصǮҲһûҪ
ȫڰ
ǰ־ã̬⣬ǻϿ
ֽ
ĸԸܡ
ļңǮԹˡ
죬µҪǮ಻Լô롣
һ֣߰Ҫ֪뵽Լÿһ顣
ȥס֣Цӯӯ˵ϣܰﵽϾǡ
ȥ»˷ͻ˶ִܡ
ȴǱŰæ˼
ͻȻиԼϲ࣬ҪƴϿɵˣûΪѡ
лл֡෴ס֣̽ǰ°գԸʶҵˡ
õȻϡһ죬ֵصɻһۣ⻹˵
šֲԸɿﲼ飬㲻ϵģҲϣġ
˵ģﻶϲֵĺϲ£죬ˮҲϵͲϡ
ԡɵصͷֱָָŵСϻӣЩ㣬ҵ̬ȡ


40 
ඡ
, к޶
ѱ޶ݸְ֣ҪĶװϡ
Գ˵Ͼ, ȥɡ
, ˼ؿװĶ,ЩʲôﶼУų԰ɡ
һڴֻ󹫼ְѼＦװϼʮװʮס
ǸӣˮԾҪǮö
೤ʱ䲻ȥһˡ˵ôҲҪõ㶫, Ҫ˺Ͷ˼ء
˵꿴վԱߵĳƽֵ, ܳȥ, ŵѧϰ
֪ˡֵͷ,
šӦһҲͼ졣
ܵ, ֪ǻչ˺üֻǻǳԷ⡣
Ըڼҳԡ˵ŶȥȥЩϲԵģʡš
֪ˡ˵Ҫǲͺ, Ҳܸһȥ
̧ԴǳԸƨ
ڳЦſǽѵǣҲǲ̫Сڼҡ
ֺȥ㳦, ﻹ̼, ٳԵպ, ܿ͹ȥˡ
߰ɡƽ԰ֻӻ֣ʾԼ֪ˣԻ˵üŻ
Ҵˣȥ󻢼ҳԷ˳Ǹɵ
šصͷõ㶫ȥ
꣬࿪뿪ֻʣƽֵܡ
ֿǳٳٲϻȥվڴſһֱ뿪ķһΪʲô뿪ӡ
и᲻µˣҪ벻һ̵ֻĸ
ҹҹҡ
Ҿɢˣûҵůغ
治ǡָ̾Ǵˣ
ˣ⻰΢΢üҪһ棬СƵģһһ
Ͼ㡣￴СģЩܣСԼżҡ
ĬƬ̣ŵöˣҲһֱǣҲһֱڼҪ߳ȥ
˼ֺͳﶼףһʱ֪˵ʲôá
ӳˣͻɳţ深硣ҲȥԺͲŻʱĲʱţûþͲҪҡ
һıԼ硣
˵ֻҪϲԼԸ⣬費ҪңûôҪˡ
㡣Լֻ࣬ǸԼΣԺʲô滮Ҳ档
⣬ıȰףΪ̡
ֻǰˣ¸ûж룬ֵԺǷҪҡ
⡣
ֿļ򣬽˶ģɽһء
·Ҳѹļ
ʮʮ֮˽̳뿪
˭أ
տգŰʱʱɢûһô
Ϊд𰸣κ˶࣬Ҳ뿪
֪ԼһֱֱԶ
д󻱻㣬ķҷһζƬزȰ
ƬҰƣɽˮ˿ǰ
ҲȥǮ
ࡣֵԺǾڼֵذɣȻ۵ҲǮ
ҡתͷüչǹŵЦ⣬㲻ùܡ
ϲʲôĴ󵨵ȥ
Ц棬ĿŻ౳Ӱ֪ˡ
￴ֿ֣࣬жݵԻ
ǵĻƶǶйɹС
ʵľګӲӣĬĬһԵ͸ˡ
ͻͻͻ
Сʱڵ˳ڵĺӡ
·ǴƬũܶڵ֣һ䤱
ָһأ࣬Ͼڵɻء
˳ָȥһʮĸŮڸء
ü˵ﲻʮϾӦҲʮꡣ
ôôϣ
Ͼ衣æأ
ϣһ̧ͷȵĴôˣ
æˡϾ˵Ǹˡ
⡭⡭Ͼٴξȣŵʣ࣬ģ
ǡָָ֣ģҲǼҵġ
֣
һ죬߾ĵۻࣺһ㲻ˣ
ֽţӭҵĿ⣬˼ЦЦ
໹һ࣬ϺЦݣÿοŰֵô͡
𣿡ʣ˾ȵȥϢ
ֿۡʱ䣬Ű˵࣬æذɡ
һ첲ѱ޶ڵϣԼҸطţְҪɻˡ
޶ӦһͷŰ֣壬
ű޶֣Ի˵Ҵһ
šѳϵĶݸϾ˵ȥɣﲻˡ
źкܣæҰѳж
ʤͳʤæӦϲЦտĿǿʲô󱦱һ
ãµġ
죬ַ
ֻǻȳж˺硭硭ǿȥ
ºҺܹ˵֡أˡ
զ£Ҹظ˳ҳɶˣ
Ǽҡº˵ǺӢˣҪߣ˲ͬ⡣ǺӢ㲻ɷҪȥ˵˻ѿҲûǮôȥɡ
һ䣬Ķڵϣʵ˵ң度
֣
ͬʱۻ࣬˵ҲҲԡ
ĶͲܼޡ
ºӢӦøл£ҪôܿһҵƷԺǼ޹ȥܿࡣ
Ͼˡ԰ҡҡͷʾ˵Գ˵Ǯ͹ȥɣԼѡ·˭ҲֹˣҲȰʲôǸˡ
޴ͷŻ˵Ͼġ
ʱһĲˤһѷסСĵ㣬ʲô
ȱˡ԰˵޶ȥء
˵Ż֣˶кһȥ¶Ӽ
࿪һ·עĿĿ¶Ľ
ֻǳҵˣڶһɥĬ
飬ΪǮ£ԺºӢҪʲôá
Թһӡ
Ҫ˵ݣҲĿɳѾոˣ
ʵ̲סοһ³ϾˣⲻĴ
ÿÿѡҲֶŮͿأ˭Ҳֹˡ
̾ҲѲ˹ϵǲԹԺʲôҲһӡ
ºĹĵ˵ԼԸ⣬ֹǼʲôѽ
Сϵһͣô᲻ס
¶ɬ̵Ŀ۳˵ӢҪǹúþˣҪһ㲻õĵطԹǼҡ
˭ǽǮˣżֻܹǵù
ֿҲ˵ˣ˵һ
ֻܹԼù
ˡһſͣ£ϾǽȥɣҾͲȥˡ
Ҳá˵ʱԣŰɡ
ֿǽȥɵĿۻ࣬㲻ȥ
ȥҡͷַֺõ£˭Ըκϣ
ֵͷϻ˵ĶԣԳºӢ޹ȥºӢ
޳޹ȥ˼ңԺºӢиһ
ñԹһӡ
ֿǰƾɵ߷ԺӵǺֻܴǰԺǽзϵéݡ
͸©һƶϢ
ţҿҲʻԺﴫһȡ
ŲǮȥ
žͿ˱Ƴһ˱ƱҲͬ⣬˭˵ûá
쳤ӣԺ￴ͼһʮҵĹޡ
¶תƣýסˣ˼Ҳޣһȥ
塣һ갧󣺡ͬɣǰġ
ˡ¶ӻ֣һ˵ЩˣҾͲùŮ޹ȥ
ô˵أһʮŮ˲ˣҼӹúãܼ޽Ǽϳ¼ոˣҸˣᡣ
˵ߣĵܣǴɩ˵㣬˿ɲ׼ңԺԵ㡣
һˣʮ꣬һͷһ̫̫ʮŮ
һͷɥꡣ
仰䣬˾ߵſڣոµʱ۾һ
ĬĬƿߣĥЩû뵽൹˵ˡ
ü͸һɷ꣬´һ
ʵģ
򣿡˾һ±ƣ㶵ĿŻ࣬һʱ֮û˵
ʶֻ࣬ǿһƣ˵˺¡
ġһĻѾˡ
ö˲Ϳһмż֪׼ҪƷ
ֵϾˣ˵ףҲģʶ
ʶʵǻմء
ߡɫǲãûèŲţǵ鷳Ǵš
ǼˣѲ˻
ͣһ£ֵǶϾ˵Ǯ˰һֲٵͻ
˵;ͰеǸͷ۾һ˵ƾʲôţ
ƾˡһ䣬־ٽӵĻŰ죿պ󲻴˹ǮҾȥ
ҿǸҲš


41 
־˭
ֺ,Щ˺
˵֣Ǽɫޱ䣬Ҳ˵ʲô
æˡ
Ļӡ಻˵, ۳һ˵߰ɡ
ֿ۳¶ӼԺ, û, ſ鲻á
û˼ͻ˵
ûüˡ˵˵¡
˵൭صҲʲô¡
ԴȥԺ˫УֻǷڣ඼ͽ
⼸˫̥û񽻸ֵܡ
ûˡ
ҸĲԶӾ͵, ֿǰļ䷿
ͬİǽ, éݷ, ֻǴɨķǳɾ
ȳ¶Ӽ١
㷼к, ı޶ǵһμ⺢ӡ
˵ӻ, ˲Ǯţǲͬġ
ôǮȢϱˡ
Ͼ˾˵Ķö˵ľ͸˵ʲô
޶, СݰףԹɵģ
žۡ
̸ˮȡ㷼˵ţ󲽱ະסϾ, СӲ̫ܳ, ȵˮС
˵޶Դ,߾̲ˮ
̡޶ҡСԴ˵ˮҲȡ
æˡֿ㷼ɣҲ治ȡ
С㷼ûٵģǵǽ˵
ŮŮѾޣӺͶҲ鼸꣬ӡ
ֻʣСӺСŮ
һ¼Ҵˣֶˡ
ֻʣСӺϱһļӣû¶档
˵һ޶ЩܲסͷһĴ˯
Ͼ衣࿴㷼Ϣĵطñ޶˯һ
С㷼æȥʤȥϸȥˣһͻ
Ѱּ쵽ʤ䣬⼸죬Ǿסݣʤȥ˯
ֿѩ׵ǽڣʰĺܸɾˢͣӦǳʤ鷿
㷼ȥֻʣˣӦ׼Ļ鷿ס𣿡
ʲôõġ಻˵û´ļҾߣ㲻鷿ûô˵ͷ
ߴٰϿЪţﻮһϷʣսֶ˵ֲǵ£ʲôеģ
һ£漴ӦյһڣϹ˵ʲôأ
һתòഽ꣬ȡһ£Ϻݺһڡ
ѽһţִ̧࣬޶ء
Цתߣһ仰Լ
޶ڿϣ۾СԴһһģۿҪ˯ȥ
Լȵգӿһۣκʱ඼
ðָоϲá

ڶ磬ͰѼ˾˼ҵĵظ꣬ͻˡ
ˡ˶˵ûȥԷ
ûӦһҸȥʮף̽ˡ
극ʣϾˣҪôģ
⡭ᣬ֪Ǻ⣬ǡ
˰ɣ˵岻ǣǸ־Ϊ׺ݣһ˲ȥǡ
֣ܿˣҲӡ
ĵطرŽᣬЩմҪࡣ
ҲǵʱЭԭ֮һ
硣ʤҸȥҪ
һߣȭͷ߬ĽģǷôǮԺô
ϲһǧˣ󲿷ֶǽģѹ˶
˵ʲô㷼һϣۿ죬ʵ˵ôȥƴ
ֻҪƽͺá
ֿһˣ㷼ʵ˵˼䣬ûһ˵
¼ҴӺͶҪڣɫһֱ졣
ȥ¼ϱɫϾǲ˵
̾ϢΪʤ£ʧôǮҲ⡣
ֻԺ̫ƽˣ
ۻֹ࣬˵˼ҵ£Ǳǿˡ
ֲ㵱ô˵濪ڡ
ǸӦһͷ֣ñ޶˯Ǿͻȥ
áһɣЦҲ֪ƽˣǵš
ôСʲô¡¼ҴϱͻȻЦס߰ɣһˡ
ϱҲ˵ðס죬ͻȻһӾ
ˡЦЦﻹ£Ժл
⻹ǵһκԼ˵֣ϲûбʾ
ǣű޶֣Сһÿ춼Ҫ˯Ҵȥ˯һ
ĵǾϸϱƲƲ죬ͬ˲ͬҲûϸ̷ۡ
⻰Щ̶ЦʧЩ
Сôšֵʲôײ׵ģľ׵ġ
Сıۣܿ޶ˣЩ
ٽӣû˵һ⻰±޶֪ˡ
ԺԻ಻á
Ҷõ˵üһ˵Ǽһˣ˭ǵ
֣
֪ˣԼٲҲֻת˵䡣
ֱӡ
ڱ޶ϣɣ׽㶼С
бҲԺúȺõģû¾ͱ죬Ϲ߶
һ治ھûûզأŲ˳ۣûԵܣ
͵վ˵Ǿͱšš
Ϲ˵ʲô㷼æϱʲô£˵ķݡ
ǡĻ򣬡Ƥǳñ˺á
̾һĹϱԹһĺӳôʲôãҲԼġ
ۺ켵ʡ
¼ҴӺͶӣûϱ˵æˡ
ֻǱ߱˵˵һҲû˵
ŭɫҪҸҸأ롣
ԼҶûܣҹǣĸУû𻵲Ͱ
ˡʹɫӣС˵ˡ
һΣ֪Լϱ˼ûôһ˵
ʱ
Ĩһɥ˵Ͼûܺãί
ûɶίæǿϾ˲ףÿϾЬ
ĻֱӣҪûгޣθ
֪ﰦ̾Ҳ¸¡ǮûʲôоͽϾˣǰ¾˲㡣
㻹Ҫô뿪զ
֪һЩԳǱģǮ£һ취ҪһЩ
ûѻ˵Ҳջûطй̫ˡ
ˡʤɥ۽ǹżᣬ磬Լ취Ǯ
ֶԳ˵֡裬ǷּҰɡ
ʤ֪ΪԼۼɩǲҲӦá
ÿν˵ļЦʤ˼
ֻһֱûлᡣ
ҲŶʮꡣʤ˵ȲŽ飬Ǯ˵
Ż࣬һĽʮ˻û顣
һ˻ڣ޾ûκѹͷϡ
¶Լ
áĶڵϣְɣ
Щǵġ㷼˵Һֻܸɻֵܻ
ۿӷתΪּң޲Ͼ뿪
ֻǿС޶ܲ˯ֻĬĬͷԼڡ
޶ȥһֻסָ첲˵Ͼ˵ļ£ǲʺ
˵ҲǸˣֲּûϵ
Լҵ⡣
ɲ

˯Ժоٻۡ
¿۾ʵզˣ
û¡˵־ˡ
硣ʤᣬ˵ҪǮˣǲҪˡ
־ǡ度£Ҳ֪ΪԼ鷳һҪ֣ңܡ
һ飬˯һûˣҸһȥ
ôһɫļһʲôܰ˶ס
֣ú˵ǽ
˭֪һ־ѰŵĶʱŴͣæߴ˴ա
һʮˣͷһ׺Ȧ
һװ˶࣬಻£Ǹ첲ԴһȦ
ƤڸͷƵġ
ָ˵һһȭͷܰԼͷ
ܡּæ˵ͷ̫۴򲻹
ʲô򣿡Цãֵǵůů˵ֵܡ
ô˵־վȴһ߹ȥ
㻹ڼҡ
־㿪־һȭϵɣҸջ
ûж㣬ֱӳȭȥȭײһ
ŵĶҪɤۣһ˫˻涯ִ
лǾ䶼ֵܶš
ûľܹȥֻǽŵվһԣ۾־
ֻҪԷҪȥæһûһ˰ᡣ
ָմ⣬ͼͣˣõĶԷ
ɿ
ô˵࿴۸ߵˣ˼
Ǯ¡־ʹ죬һ˵Ǯˡ
һ͵ˣһǰǮŵϡ
óһֽ
ǮһЩ־˵ôǷպ롣
ʲôϵԱߣ־Ҳ¡
־˼ĨһԶø磬涪
תͷˣʲô˲־Ϊ˵ǮҪˡ
˲ᣬװײҪǸˡ
ۿţ֣վıֱĲ̧ͷ
ﰵ֣⵹Ǹˬˡ
Ŀ־ſ̫ܳ£˲Żô
ˡ಻ͷ˵ʲôãԼ趼ܣɶ
ݣõľģõľˡ
˵Ƿۣ־˺ˣмϡ
󡣡Ƴ־˵ǷϵǮˣһˡ
־զ֪࣬ǸԼӣϣֻһһ룬۲ЩͷԵġ
Ҫô಻̲˵һ淳и񡣡
־ôǸ߻࣬һˮƽ
ǵ
С־Ҳʹ죬ֱӵǾͳ飬ռˡ
ȷʵ
Ƕ˵ĽڡƳ۵ͷˣһЩ
ɶ˵ɶ־ɸֵصˣߴߴ£ʵ㡣
Ҫ豧ô־ˣɵʲôѽ
ûˡ
š־ʵĵͷһ类ûˡ
ֿôһʵֵˣôܸɳֶ˵أ
û뵽ϬһʣʵҲ¡
úõ׼ҲҪʲôףʨӴ󿪿ڶˡ
ʣΪʲô
Ǽݡ־ɷ߷߲ƽ漴ɫһ䣬ЩŤ˵ҲǼݡ
ͻȻ־ǷݱˣܣǱƭˣûЩ¡
ʵ˾ǳºӢҡ
ºӢɩ˵ỻףóºҺͳºӢһ޽ҡ
ϼס
Ҳ²ӦгºӢĹϵԷôҲҪӡ
˫ָֽ֮⣬˵ǳ¼˲
¼ҾһӦ
һ·չͳɽ־棬ռ˱Ȼ˭
־ɿ۳¼ˣƲƲ˵ôܹǣԼҡ
ҲˡƤûһ£ֱ˵ĨȥĶٿǮǽѵ
ﶼЦ⣬֪ﻹл𷢲
Ȼ޵뷨ҲеǽҪǺõġ
˺ǷһǸ־ӣΪ¼ʹ졣
ǸССѵ
ﻹ£־ĥζ־ʣҲҵˣ
ͲùˡסĻϾˣզ˰ɣ
סͷȻЩԻ󣬵֪ڣȥ˵
˵˵ҾͲˡ˵ֻ㲻Ǽˡ
˰ﵽףо⣬ֱӸ
ҸģѾˡ
л˵
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ


42 
㵽ˡ
, ߵĶҪľƨɣ޶
ѱ޶, ʵ
޶С, ˫͸ſ,Է
˿ɫѾ谵̫ƽߣۿһ˿ɫҲҪʧ
ֱֿˣҲꤡ
µͣ߹˵ͳԵ㡣
СֿԺӣҲû,ƽûڼҡ
Ӧóȥˡ˵, ޶ݡ
˵ŰϵĶ, ֱ, Ϣ
ְ֡޶ڻ󣬳ŲϹҵļ,Ǯ㡣
޶ԡϹҵȥ
޶ܽݣ߸֣, ְ˵㡣
ֽӹϸʮǮ˵ķס
ݵһμСҪںӲϸ, ٰһǮ
˵ǱСƽꡣ
ֲ, ֺ, ΪǮΪϰס
лǰѱ޶ԼҺˡ
Ǵӽ𣿡ЦǺǵȥʻࣺҸղŸˡ
ˡ࿴Ȥ΢΢һЦֲǵһΣķס
ͷϴã£û˻Ū
ܶ˸޶𣿡ֺ棬ǲպܶǮ
ûա˵Ҳж١
ԶԼҾһ
Ҷˡ˵йѹǮ֮ġ
ƽҲǣԼҶ˽Ǯ
ͦáԼҲѹǮԼţЦԺ󳤴ˣҲһǮ
˯ʱóһƴСУݸֿ
޶Ǯ˵жٶࡣ
ȳƽǵĻࡣ
ſױ޶Ϊʲôô࣬Ϊְб¡
ѣȻִ󷽣±޶Ķӡ
Ҳû˸С
˲Ҫб¡ָпҪǮ
Ǹ־˶ΪǸ¶ݵĻ죬û˸ǡ
˭֪˼ķˮ𣬳Ϊ̣û˸ҲĻ
ǻԼ˵ǳͷȥҪǮҲһ׶Ҫ
˭ѵֵǮ³
ȥءͻȻǸ־˵˵¡
ȥϣüزøɣ˸ʡģһۡ
Ǯ𣿡ЩڼֵزҲۣûĶࡣ
֪಻ȥＸҲҪչˣԼࡣ
ʵҲۡ˵ֻĶ࣬Ǯ֧һֱȥ
˵⣬رл˵ΪԼо顣
ڰֿȳҪ࣬ĸۡ
涼Ҫǡ
ССֻãЩˣҪоͷԣҪʽۺ
ҪȥظϣĲǺܶ࣬ҲҪ־æС
Ȼ㡣˵ǱũæʱţҲǷá
磬־˵֪˸С̡
޹·Ȼֻǰһٶ˸ɻ
Ҳ̨糵ϣ־Ͷˡ
Լҵó
ֻǵʱ˵ֲû˵ͬʱҲ»෴ԡ
û˵Ҳ·ֻ
˵ֿװ˯첲Խ޶һ£㵽ȥȥ˵
˵û⡣ΣܳǷݿ𣿡
ܡֺɵ˵ֻҪǮɶҶܳԡ
ôʲôüǮ𣿡
ҾϲǮ˵ˣ𣿡
ʱչεֻʮǮʱж
ֻԼ֪
ʱܣͳ˵Ҫ㣬һ֪ôأ
ûǮû
ͻȻӽŵߣ첲¡
ˣ˵ҷܲǮ
ȥɡ§ڻŲ˾ͻûʲô˵ġ
һ̣оֺûȫУſǰ־޸˺̫
ðһֱˡ
ʱԼһһУÿĶǮֻŻİ

־
ʱ㡣
Ҫȥ˯ģùҡ
˵ȥشˮϴһתͷѾ·ŵĳˡ
Ҹ㼦šС˵糿䣬նӡ
Цݲãġ
ãû˻᲻ϣԼ
ҡ룬ڻֱ̧סⶼҪ㣬ȥҲû취
ЩҶãÿ㡣ȥģǸԷֹԺԽԽá
鲻٣ιιϴͷ
һЩ򵥵еľͲУرֵԼһ֪⡣
ҪͻཻһλãҪܾòѧЩǻȴ֡
šƽĴӦһǲĵɲϰ߾ͻǿ
ֲǵǮԷ
֪ˡջ֣ЦܳϷҲĸʲô
ǸԺǮȥ
ƣԻ˵ǵǮԺ²ܶˣҲǮԷ
⻰˵ģһֱס֡
עҪһӣҲûúϡ
ﲻҪΪԺ㣬жΡ
ðôķ
֪ˡ˵ȥɣ֧㡣
š䣬ůĻ治뿪ҵˡ
־ӵˣսƵģֱ

ɳһɵˣֻĶһۿͷ
ֳɳſڣ˿ɳûϰࡣ
֣ŶӣϣܶǮ
û취ֻܹԹԵȥŶӣڸֳ֮ͣ
̧ͷ죬̫¶ͷвʱ䡣
Űɣ
ɶʱŵɳӣ͵زһϵǮ
³ϣЩ䣬ó±һڡ
ǻ̷ۡ
̷ۣȿȺĻܳ伢ż
ֺܿͳԱˡ
áһãŶӵЦ
ӴһĻͦܰ
ǰǶŶӣȴŵĴá
Ǻȿˮģͬ˲ͬӴ
Ǵ±ֲ˼ЦЦ±ǿװˮһ춼
ˣⶫͦãҵÿ
˴չŰı±ϡ
̰ҪǮͬܳˣûһ
־ͺϤˡ
ͬʱҲ֪˺ܶ˽
ǴŶӣⶼǲĵĹ涨ΪĶ̰ڶϵǮ
Ǵ뷨һԳǰҹŶӣҪȱװֵ㡣
̫ˣզ࣬Ŷǰ漸λֲ˼Ǯ࣬Ľ
û취һ˾˵ʱ乤̶࣬ϵصϰҲҪһЩ
ϹӦʱڡ
ǡͷ˵е
䣬˾͡Цû顣
ѽ̹ԵǵһΣǶҽŵ
ûɶŵһʮ꿴ص˵ܳ࣬ЩҲᡣ
һ죬ʶˣҲ˼͵ء
ʮǮ
ֱȽ⣬ôȥһһǧࡣ
һС⻹ࡣ

һƣĻصңѾߵˣſڡ
̰ӵϴˮ
ϴϴ극˵
ϴϴ֣ͻ˵ͦõģûҲۡ
࿴һҳ׾СèƵģһһĺںۡ
Լ˳
ȻֻǼʻϷһ壬ܵס̫ѩ֮ࡣ
𣿡ȵĴ֣ڰֺϣ۵˵극Ҹࡣ
šͷϴžӨˮ飬ۣ۵ġ
֪һ̫࣬ԼٲԼȥ
ҽû顣ûвͷϲ䣬ίûб˶ࡣ
һĨҡŻĸ첲
һҪȡʮٽžʮԽԽࡣ
ġͷֳԿͣһԽԽࡣ
ģһ˫۷ϣôࣿ
ܡ࿴ƣУǿŶ־Сģ⼫˵һܡ
ܣҲܡ


43 
ڶ죬Ժۣͷ߷ŵֱһ
ĵˡ

ڶ, Ժۣͷ߷ŵֱһ
ĵˡ
ҪͰ,˯һ, 𼱡
Сֺ˵Ŷ̫˷ʱ, ҵȥ
û¡§һ˰ȥŶӣ˯һ
𣬳극ߡ
ü۾û뷴ԣ˭
һ֪ˡఴð˯һ,İ, Ǯöӡ
ﷴһ䣺˵ûӣ
գۼ˯˹ȥ
һ, ߵĻѾû, һ
ææ·صʱ, Ѿ÷
ôҡֲۣаСʱɳϰˣȥ˸ࡣ
һ˵극ȥҲü, ֲָһǮ
ߺߵȥϴѾˣ˵ʲôûá
ûҪΪһСۡ
ȳ극, ĵ˵һΪû, һûС
ûô, ھ泩̧̧첲оԼ
ȥҲû¡Цݣ㣬ֲǮ
뿪ˣƳһۣǴŽ̵ζ˵Ϊᣬ岻¡ڿɾ죬ʲôʹ
սһ㣬ʱҵöۡ
飬ʢֶӣ𣿡
ʶҡͷſھ˵롣
ѽ漴ӦյضţϹ˵ʲôأˡ
ǲòرԼߺ֮󣬻Ͳٰѱ޶м䡣
§ڻﲻ֡
ָоԼģϲ׽ɻǺ߲ѡ
ȳԷ࿴죬¶һĨǳЦһȥл˺ӡ
ʲôɻ󣬡˼һҪأæʱ򡣡
СͰ꣬ҪĻҪ֣˻æ
ˡ˵Ұĵضˣۼֵء
ŶŶֵͷ֪¡
˺Աߵھӣܻ壬˹ϵ
಻Ըȥֵأûܻ˺ҪصǮСͰס
Էʱ򣬻֣߰˺ӰŶӣҪٵʱͶɳжɳ棬㿴ţ˶ʱͲŶӵʱˡ
֣̰࣬ƺһҹɳӡ
˺ӻῴעû취ɳӡ
жĻҪˮߣʧԼģʪɳҲװж
°ʱ䣬Щ°ֶҪģΪǮ϶Ҫ档
㡣
۾ģ涼ǳݣͬʱװۡ
Ƿ涼뵽Ƕһҵĺӣǳǡ
ж԰ĵ۰Ա
šƵƵͷɤѹͣ˵֪ˣġ
ס֣˫۳⣬ģֲСӣעġ
šָǸɻֻ֣Ҫƽϲ֣ʲôҪ
̽ͷһ°֣մŵһԵһ͡
㣡
죬Ŀſڣóƽǿô죿
ϵñ֪ڼٽϤĵط
Ҳҹ¶Լİ⡣
һüмʲôڼﻹҪڣԺôõô
ľǣ˲ʣҾͲ˵Ҷء
һ֣Ѱڻο£ء
ҪΪ˵£˺֣ԸͰһ
Ҫ֣ļΪһƬ졣
Լ⳩졣
֪ͷİֻЩ޷⣬ǻǾһ㡣
ԣܶ£ﶼס
ֻûԸ˵ơ
֪˵ģΪãʲôҶԸ⡣
һ̧ͷ˫ۣ϶ʱݷųõЦݡ
Լ֪ͺáЦӯӯ˵˹޹أҲҪ˭
šͷһŹԵ˫Цų̾Һǰ԰ڣ֪Ұжá
֪ˡֻһ£ڻ򢲢ҧһڣҪлᣬҲϣܺվһ˶֪жҸ
ǰֲ֪ʲôҸǺͻ໥֪֮ʲô
۶㣬ʱΪǣҶǣ޲ðĲĵס
ðÿ춼ڻమĵʱ̳ӯŸжı
ÿĶǳ㡣

֪ࡣ
˺һ˷ܣҿˣ˾ҿ
аЦа֪ˣְɡ
ٺ١˺ڨڨЦЦаɣ˱֡
֣
˵ûҪԼˣ಻͵͵Цһ¡
㡣˵ʲôһƺ
ô˵رˣǻݡ
һ壬ǳͻһңصۡ
á˺ӻ˷УũæܳǮ
æһ¸ʮǮ񫡣
Ķ֪˵ʲôЩ״Σ˫ۿ
֣
һʮĴˣ˿̸Ƶģ˷ܼģ
һʱ֪˵ʲôá
ֻ˵𼱣Ȼʱ㿪
ܰϡ˺Ӽæ˾Ъţȫҡ
޲ھֿĸ˻᲻ϲֻһ̨
ôǴӣܿܣˣ
СֿЦãֻôӦϤ˾㿪
ʱûٿ˺Ӹܣæǰææ
ӡǳá
Ҳ֪ϵãѧͽ̣ʱ򻹰˺ӿ
־ãһ￪Լ
ͻͻͻ·ϣżҲܣֻгͨĵط
ЩţѹĲ
·ǴƬũ峿кܶæµ־ǵͷء
·ïʢвٰ׵ĻƵĲ֪СҰ¿ɢŵ㡣
ĿڻС
˰Сʱɳңңһ۾ܿŵĳ顣
ֲ֪̾Ҫ˺ӿأ
ˡ˵ҵŶӣȵŰɡ
ͣڶ棬ǰ˿ʮˣҪСʱ
вװɳӣٶȵǺܿ죬Ŷ̫ˡ
ȥ˺˵ûʶ˲ӣɳӡ
𡣡æֹãǮûΪҪ鷳
ӵ£˷ǾԲ¡
ΪӶִܣֻǹһء
Ҳǿ˲ӣйôܸء
ҾǿЦ˺ӡһЦŰ֪ʵʶЩ˰
СҲЦˣӦԼ̫棬ȥɡ
ССԼһѣ˿ЦϸߵҪ
Сʱֵװû˺Ŷӡ
Լȥϡ
ʮʱ򣬿Ŷӵ٣ջĻץ˼ɳжɳߡ
Ͳö̫Ŷӵˡϲ̵ĺͻ˺˵ҸĵطžС
С˺ҲˣʱȥŶӣ˶۾Щ
Ѿˣĸʱ˶࣬ĸʱŶӵ١
ʱӡ
ԷֹɵȻ죬ϻȥʱѾʮϡ
һ࣬ʮʮ࣬˺ӿʹ緹
ҲʮǮ
ǻȥɡʱ䣬ڹԱ°ǰһѾˡ
˺ӰһɳװЦǰԴʹǴȥһȥϣɳŶӣ󹦷򡣡
ǡ⣬ϲЦݣҲŶӣɵˡ
һ죬˾飬á

һˡ
Ϧһ˿ʱصٽӣԶԶվſڽԼæʾ⡣
塣޶Сܹˡ
ˡڳţæ³޶û
ˡ޶ؿڣ֣߰룬һ졣
֡Цű޶תȦС˵Լ
Ϻơ
ʮࡣü͸Żϲ˺ӿԺĶԻ˵ࡣ
۳ͷ˳˳ˮֳġ
ԼǮ
šͷֺ
̽ͷ̽ԣһСϲĲˡ
޲ðѰֱڻڡ
ǵȻֱ䣬ϲüңЩ˵ۼԺǮˡ
Ͳ߻ࣺԺ㡣
֪ˡ̲סЦͷȥԷɡ
ѻ˺ߣϴţԼ¡
ϴ꣬һ§ſԼߵı޶һ߳Էһ߸̸ۡ
չͻδ
Ǯл࣬㡣
ҲҪġ
ֻǵ˵ˣ࿪˵Ļȴסˡ
֡˵ֻǮܲܶ࿴ң
üۣһʱûӦɶզû㣿
˵⻰Ի󣬻˿˿ίʵİѻϡ
ʮϡ˵ȥ೤ʱ䣿㻹׼࣬Ҫȥã
˵ֻҪָ˾Уھòܲ˵ˡ
ֱϾܶ٣˲ôȫ棬಻ҡ
Ŀ⾼ĿŻ࣬ûӦԼȥ೤ʱ䡣
ʲôϵ
ԼǮǸ£ֲܳȥֺУûϹ
һжʱ䣿࿴ûףֱӵۿҵʱ㼸Ǯֻп˯˲Żߡ
֪Ҷ𣿡
ҡ⻰Щ˼Ƴߵı޶˵Ҳ밡
û취
Ǯġ࿴ɶֵЩԷһͿˡ
ҶǶʮˣװҲϲңܲҿʲôƷһζ
죬ĴƮҿһԹĻࡣ
֧֧죬ŵҲ̸ⲻû
׻˼ʲô˶֪
ֶ˻Ļһһ̰æòżңһڼȥ
õʣڲ̸𣿿ҵˣϻӲѹŲұһ
ῡӣֳഺüۣ޲ʱ̰ߡ
֪Լô
֡ɤͳ˿󣬡ҵʱ䣬Ҳǰһʱ䣬𣿡
áðɡʶӦ漴϶һ˵Ǹǣʱ䣬һĶҪ
㲻Ҳ֪ǹغˣվһλͬλá
Բ𡣡飬̼ԼҲӦú㣬ʲôӦҪ
˵ֲһ䣺ʵҪûŪΣҴˡ
Ŷʮһ꣬д껪ҲҪͱ͡
ΪĻװ£¸ػ࣬˼άûеһʱʶ
Ҫԡ
ûжֶԼĳϣ㻹дʱ䣬ЩȲ
˵ʲôһᣬס죬ǿӲ˵Ҵ˾Ҵˣ
һС˵ЩɬҪǲ˵һûʶǻʧࡣ
־Ժÿʮϣࡣ
ܱ֤ճ裬Ժṩñϵͬʱǵİ鲻ܵ
ǲҪ¡
Ҫú̸ֺⶼ͸ŷۺ죬ԺĲãǵĲܵһҪѽ
û顣
˵꣬ȻʧЦ͵Ӧŵţġ
Űֲεգ˸ɬƯǿ͵͵ԼС顣
ʶһ䣺ֻǡҺ̸һ
ֻҪ㡭κʱ򶼲塣


44 
߰ȥֲ飬ÿ춼Щ
ûʱ䣬ϳ극ͻ
߰ȥ, ֲ飬ÿ춼Щ
ûʱ䣬ϳ극ͻȥһȦ, ˶ʱ䡣
ӭŴҰķҷ, ˸ҹ, µ͡
Ҳÿԡڻǰɫ¡
ǣŰֵ֣ȴϸǹŵ΢Ц
𣿡ʣұ㡣
ҲҪͣ½Ųˣſ˫ۣһȥ
㡣ת£Ц
ߡֵߣ౳,Ҿ
ʵЩ, ֻ, Ϸǳá
֮ǵƣʲôˡ
ȥ˯˵Ժǳһ
Ҫַ,еʱ䣬ŲҪȥô硣
ϵʱ, ƽǿ԰ſ޶ͻʱߡ
ҪߵԶһ㡣
ڴﵽˣС֡СӱֵطҲӦȥĵط
Ծѡظ
û, żЩСõĻᱻ˿
ֻӱȽԶǳһҪһСʱһеۡ
ÿλȥŻ
ÿġſڻ౳, , ͷ˵ÿ춼ܿġ
šݸ, ЦһҲܿġ
Ŀǰ
Ҹʱ䣬иദĵطû˴š
˵Ļ߲ϸ
Ϊӣ˶ȹõʱ⣬ԷԺŻһӡ
ֻԽõĶԽᱻơ

һ죬ֳ緹ˮ׼
ˡ˵ڼҺúϢ
֪ˡգ·עⰲȫ㿪
İɡְڰ֣ˡ
ﻹţ۵Ķˣ
ֻʮʱ򣬰ֿɳŶӵ٣û˺Ͷȥ
Ŷˡ˵Ҷж棬һ˰ͻȥ
ȥϡ
˺ӽӹ⣬гشӣԼȥŶװɳӡ
ٽɳԶгҲһСʱóŻж档
һ㲻󹦷
ǹŵЦݣŶӣֻҪ׵
̰ڣһҲʮˣʮǮر
һ¾һǧǮ
׬Ǯٶȣ̸Ŀʱ⣬񫡣
ҪԶ
㡭ֵֵʱɳĹԱͻȻָһȥ
һʲô
˵أԱָ߽Űû𣿡
Ͻ¡
һɵ꣬ҲɳĹԱ˺ƽ硣
ɳѽĪ˵ǲ
ƽ籧żһмص˭㣬
ΪʲôĹĵʣɳɳӣƾʲôҹ
˭ôҲ˻ֲ֪Լôˡ
Ϊɳӣŭԭ
ˣôˣ
ƽ磺ûҲûңǿ㲻˳ۣզزа
㣿ᣬó˳ܣһʱ֪˵ʲô
ߡƽûص۰֣ûôˣ۵ˡ
ָڰЩˣ˭ɳӲʵʵģˣ˰æŶӡ
ɳжɳ棬Ϊ˭ʲô˼͵ѱѹס
Ǯˣʲôƽһͷ߽߲ߣ߸ˡ
ʱɳûжˣͼԱʮɳӵ˾
ҿЩ˸һϷģֻмء
˳˵ﲻ㣬ȥĵط£ֲֻһɳ
ǰôǮɳ˶ˣƤʲô
߰߰ɣɳӣѵطÿ
֣
ʱ֪Լۺˡ
ֻЩ˲취ôǮǰΪԼϣôô
Ǳɳ̫ԶϣһҲ˼ˡ
ȥ˸㡣
ֻܶƽ˵ҶǲҲܶɳѽֻкôﲻѽ
ƳΧſֵļ˾۾ˣҲŶӰΪҸʲôûǾܶǮˣһЩˡ
Ȱɶأƽ粻ͷͿĵȰᡣ
ƾɶҰֲŵصԲ۾̫ˣ
ƾ˵㡣ƽһ֣ˣһȥ¡
ۿԱæԼǡ
ѾˣԱֱһһֻ첲ק
һ̧
Ǳ˹ȥҪֹǣȴƽһסݺԱһ˦
һ£ûվһᣬˤͷϡ
ѽ
ڳͷϣʱ۵һף亹ͷ
һȥƽָˣûһۣȥԺٽ
ۿߣԼһ·죬۵˵
źջ䣬˵·Щġ
ֿܳЦﱯۿȾ졣
һ·ϵſڣ˴͵һѣ䲻һ²򵹡
ſڵϣҧס´ʹڣȦת
˵ʲôҲ¡
ɡһ˾ܹû°ɣ
û¡ϥеۣǿվлл塣
˾ʮ꣬ͰģЩġ
СѰ˵Ǹ˿ɳǸƽϰСӣǲ𡣡
Ȼ֪ʲôǿɳ˰ѰƳֿС
ɶ˵˼䣺Щǲ㻹ǿ߰ɡ
ĿɳԺѹȥúǲǵˣҪ벻Ǳˡ
лл塣ֵ֪ˡ
ֿɳԺСɽһߵɳɽƽһԸЦ֡
˾ųһԣһһװɳӣ·ղŷûһ
磬ҧ촽ĬĬŸղЩҫˣĵһȻ
۵ͷȫײȥˡ
ڿ

Ȼ˺ӻԶԶͿſϣɻôˣ
ôˣ˺ӿٵżгǰʣûɳ𣿡
ĴѰһȦɳſûһɳӣ⡹һ£ˣ
ɳҡ̧ͷ԰һС۾˵ˡ
졭˺Ӹ˵һ֣ͷӦǴˣ
һǱ㲣һżɫѿ˵ǰģ
ܳ衣˺ŭһְгһӣ˭Ūǡ
ֱһ۾ҪƴӣĸҸô¡
ȥҽԺ˵Ҽ۵
һƣ˺óطҿ͵ء
˺ӣ
һţҧгݵ˵ȥҽԺ

ȻϵҽԺѾϵΣԺڴ˯ˡ
۵ĸգڳ˸ŷ籩һ
ô£
˺ӱɭŵһ飬̰龭˵һ飬ְֻ֪ˡ
˭֪
˼飬Ҳû˵˺Ҳû취
ǡЦһҪ˵һɳ˸ɵġ
һ䲻ɳӣɳ˻˭´˵Ĳǡ
ҲѲ˹ϵ
Ȼȥ˵˵
ѻ˺ӴߣڴŰֵ֣һֱڰֵϡ
԰Сɬ촽üͷ΢΢Ỻš
۾յĽһ
࿴ĵһַۣ·һСޣŵͣ
֡ૣɣҺ¡
֪û£۶ǣǵһۿִıڴϡ
һۿʼջ֮ȥ
ֲѣͲģһĶ
֪˶ã۽΢ء
սֵ֣ȵغ֣ѣҡ
ۣЩ룬ȴ߼ٵĺһѡ
֡۾ˣôۣ
û¡˵ŸоԼɤ˻ƣҲ˲ô࣬æû£𼱡
ۿ죬һźµģﲻһ
ġַס֣Żָ㿴Ҷо
˵껹λԼ첲¶õЦݣͼԼְοࡣ
šͷüԼû¾ͺá
ֻôû£ûжô᲻֪
ԼײͷҲ˵һûУûһ
ô£ʣ˵ɣ֮ûܡ
̧ۿ֣ɫɵ˵˭㣿
֣
˵»ȥɳЩˣǲˡ
ǻһ֮ûܣðԥˣͬʱί
ڻ⣬ϧ£ᡸž
۸ҡַޣŴŵ˳ջ䣬ңء
Ҫ˵໳Ǹһ۵죬޶ˡ
ѽۡ
𶯱𶯡༱æ§Ű֣ұ㡣
һΪֻ£Ҳ¡
л˵
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ


45 
պ󣬰ֵļһЩٶһ۵졣ϸճ극ͱ
պ, ֵļһЩٶһ۵졣
ϸճ극ͱű޶, ð
ȥط˵
֣
üЩ,鷳ɣ
֪Ҫȥ, 뵽ǸĻΪԼͷ鷳
鷳ǱˡЦҪΪۿҹȥˡ
οѰԴˣôô׹ȥ
תȥȥҲռ, ʲô
šֵͷ, ԸԼ,ȥ
, ҲԸ⣬ű
ֻǱס
֪ΪԼ, ȻЩǹǣǸˡ
Ȼܲ˻⡣
ӭ峿⣬ЦݣĿǰıֱĻࡣ
ûп, ǸֵΣԸиһӵĺˡ
žһɳ۵ʱԼ̬һҪǿӲûʧ

ֻǰ, ȴȫһ, յɳ˫۷ɡ
Լǿ
ɳſںѹѹվ, ѴΧˮйͨЩɳӵĸֳ
ҲûһŶӡ
еĵתͷ뿪еͣԶʲôһ
ôˣɻ󣺡ûôˣ
ŵһ졣˵ǲǲǾͲˡ
ͻͻͻ
࿪ֱͣɳſڣתͷ֡
ȥ˵԰ֻӻ˵ȱ
ѾڴſڵȺˣȫٽӵġ
˺ӴͷڴſڣԱҲ⡣
оƽ缸ˡ
˺ÿٲߣϰǺÿ
ޡ˺˫ֲһģŵ˵Ҫ£ǾͲˡ
ָƽıҽлһÿġ
ϴˣɳϰʱ䣬˶⡣
͵Ż
ƢƽǴˣԼϹл
ƽһмƳ۶ڴſڵļʮˣûҶ֡
ֻƵƵţǾ͵ţһ˭ù
ʶ˺ӣ֪ǰԼǸСһģ
ʱ߹ʻ˺ӣҵ𣿡
Ҹ˺ӳƽŬŬ죬ŵĲУǵء
౾ͳüͷһõģƽʱ۾һС
ûʱ䲻һŰƽߵƽ硸ͨһµɳȥ
ӸµĿݵΧһʶ׷׺ˡ
óһƬյء
ƽŶ壬Եڵϣ۵ɫðһ亹
㡣ǰһ̧һ£漴ϣһΪʲôأ⶯ִˣ
˵Ҳûƽ˵ϵİ֣
ֵߵߵ³Сܼߣ۷ŹðСǣ
һžͰߵˣ
ָ̾ҪͣҲñ۸ôˡ
ƽ簤ᣬֱĻŭҪűף
ǰƵһߣҵˣҲǳζ
һַ̣йǵǣһŵǣԼ˿ڶ
һ뵽£ѹǰ⡣
̬̫ˡ
ޡֺݺһڣƽڳ׺ݵģҲн찡
ƽ类ڽ£ʹĲˣķһɨա
Ҹ㡣ָЦݲ⣬ľ㣬Ҳ㳢ζ
ؿڣǮ㼸ǮĲ£Ҹ𡣡
³һŻĽҪ̫ࡣ
뱧Ż
𣿡࿴ɰСģݸ£ء
򡣡ӣû˴ܣҽ񫡣
̧ѧŻģ项һƽ˼ţ۵졣
켸֡
ѽһߣһ߿ƽƵĴѽ
㲻Ǻ𣿡
һߴƽûֻ塣
ҧƺ߼
߰ɡֳˣΧˣطٲˡ
ĳ֮ء
𼱡ûж黹ûꡣ
һ㶣ɻĿŻ࣬ɶ£
ܾô¡
˵ɨһȦͣڼһֱ۾ǵļϡ
¶һЦݣϰ壬̸һ°⡣
ŶŶֻȻԼԴŶǿʧˡ
һҪʧҪ
Щ춼ûϣԺҲɳԼмǧǮʧ
һʴĿ
ֻǡĶԷ⡣
ôǮִս࣬ߵɳϰ𣿡
⣿Цͱˡ
۰֣üҽҩѡӪѺ󹤷ѣҪһ㲻ٵͳ
ջؽţ۱ڵװƽ磬ĳһ
ǾͿԼûǸˡ
ָָɳſڵˣЩ˿ɲǳԸɷģɲԡ
󶯸ɸһأôܴ˾ˣֹɲֹЩ
ҪһӰסԺΧһô㣬Ҫһݡ
ɲپһ¡
ѽֿŴЩˣһЦˣôôˣ
Լˡ»һ¡
˵ðţְһߣҸͣá
ڳϡ˵ȥǼ䡣
áֹԹϣͬԹһԵı޶𣿡
¡޶СüëһһСȭͷˡ
򡣡
޶ԡָ˵İ§ڻǿŰְִˣͳͳܡ
ǲ޶̫Сֲã³
ǻ಻ͬ⣬˵޶Ӧôżʶһ£ϰԺ󲻻ᵨС¡
ֲ֪ʲôǻж۱޶֪ġ
ûԡ
ڿ޶һ㺦µģûУɿͬʱͬĻ
ⲻʧΪһ
ӵ²ź£ܳûһǷǺڰס
ֵһ಻֪ͻЩ˵ʲôֻƵƵͷ
ֱԭ¡
ʱֲŷ֣Щȫ׳꣬Ÿѡ
ڶ˺Ӵżˣһһս漴뿪֪ȥ
첱ӿ뿪ķûѾʲôأ
ŶתͷʣǴһģ
šͷ˵ܲ˳Կ
Էһ涯֡
İɡ࿴ǣο۲Υ£¡
Ҫǲʶ̧٣Ҳ
֣

ʱ۾һĿ⾼˵Υͺãġ
ֿЩˣҪúøлǡ
֪ˡЦãСԴ϶뵽ЩˣЩ²ġ
̸£Ҫɳϰٰɡ
л˵
-ֿˣŷҵȫû˰æһǮء


46 
ʱţֱֿϾ͵ʮ㡣
ɳϰ廹û

ʱ, ֱֿϾ͵ʮ㡣
ɳϰ廹û
ƽЩԱΪûѾ뿪, Щֵ˾Ҳ½ˡ
ֻʣٽЩˡ
ûЩ޴, ܲô,ҪҲȥɣ
û˵꣬ٽЩˣЩǸ⡣
ΪԼɺʱ䡣
ߡģЩ˶صĲᵢ¡
⼸죬û˺ӿǰЩ˼Ұˮϡ
Ϊһ׼
Ǿͺá԰ᵢũæС
¼áЦЦ, ֵǻాʱ, ˭̲ס
ָԼӵ,Щû¸, ɴҵ
ǡ˺һչ˵ĴŶǴ, ǿɲܰװᣬȥҪˡ
⻰˵а֪Ҳʵ飬ҲٽӵһԱ
², ´ǧԼĵǡ
˲෹Ц˵ƴһƴ˿̾ʾ
һ첻ۼҵһ졣˺Ӷ־, ظʮ첻۾͵ʮ, ¼Ҳ𡣡
šҲͷ, һɵ˵ֻҪǰסˣЭһɳʧĿǡ
ֻǡ
ࣺҾûȱɣȻǾͱˡ
Ǿɹĵ
á˵ܴԼһСҲɳ˫һ
ۻ˺ӣȥˮŪˮȣ޶Ҫ̷ˡ
š˺ӴӦһתɳԱСܣҲ֪ͨˡ
һ򣬾ͼ˺ӺһȺˣ̧Źư
˺ָӵյˮôҺȵ㡣
ʮŮ඼ʮ꣬һǿ׳ܸɵģ
զ࣬ʣզЩӴ
ʲôüͣ¶Ц⣬ɲܽӴҪүء
ָŴſŵЩ׳꣬ЦЩֶӺӱͬͳôǡ
ǡЦЦǱ̫֪˵ʲôãһתǸۡ
Լû¡˵汲ôģû˻᲻Ը⡣
Ҫʲôʣɶİɣ
á˵ײЩУʱûԵġ
һҡͷУôҲҪ⣬˵Ҳ鷳ȥͷɶĻ㡣
˼ֻˣͷǻûͿЩŮó뿴Ҫͷ
Ŵ󣬾ȵĿŶ˳ļ棬Ҫͷ
㣿ʻ࣬׼
಻˵꣬͵ҪôףҲܶŵ
㲻ùܣųԾͺá
ôȻǲӦǵķʽǴӿ㶵ͳǮ
к˺ӹȥ⣬ԡ
˺ӿʮǮҴӦתͷ࣬壬Ⱑ
ʮ˵㶹ײ˷ÿٸһ׺⡣
˺Ӹ˵ĴӦһھȥ򡣡
Ǯ֣ǮˣԺ⡣
⡣
Ժ⡣
Щ׳һӦһʱЦһƬ
ЩĸŮҲЦóԵ㡣
úóԶٺ⡣
ü۴Цңһˡ
⣬⡣ıQQһı޶ܹСְ֣⡣
ҿզأСܹҪԡ
ɲǿˡЦ˼⣬ۼҼųһأ᲻ԣ
һ٣ЩΣⲻ
ֻȥϡ׷Ÿ鷳
ԡԺ򣬷Ҳ㡣
Ȼ̵⻹ҪƱǸҲģǹһ㡣
Ǿ򡣡˵ҲԺڼ￴޶ȥ⡣
ﳵһȥ࿴ЦҲϡ
Цŵͷ밮ҡ
˵Żű޶Ĵʱúܿ졣
ˣȥͷв˻
ϳԡ
ֿвˣһһײ˶
ĲһͷҧһЦžͺ㡣
ٽЩˣզÿһʮΧһǰһײ˶ǹܹԡ
ڼҼȻܳԱҪԵҲѣе˼һҲһء
˿ܴڳ⣬ÿ˶ͷ̧۲ڴڳԵĺ㡣
һʱΧһƬžûЦ֣ͷԷ
ֿΧЩпǵǮҪܳԵ⣬ڴӦһ߳һЦ֡
Ļ
ࣺ
⻰û¾߶ѾЩߡ
ҲΪֵĻеǻһ䣺
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ǲǮ𣿡
۰֣⡢ϰǮʳǿûֵˣʳͲ
ʱǮʲôãҶȥ
κʱ򣬶еһˣԿ׾ݶա
ǲɱġ
֣
־ÿԸֻǲ֪Ҫô
ûࡣ

硣
һҴܵϹӪ꣬ŵļһۣսƽߵ˻ûߡ
ƽ۾һɣȵֹʲô˵ôһ
ϼˣӺдѣ˵ɳ¸æ
ЩѿԼôܼģоϹȥ»Żţ
̵ͷԼ󣬰Լտ˵һ顣
ɳſڵˣԷб
һҪص׵ģ
ƽƤһоЩãû뵽һЩоô
Ųɳٿš
ĵˣƽʣҵط𣿡
֪ҡͷΧûˣʲô
ȥɳ̫࣬ûҿԼһ˰ᡣ
ֻǡƽ촽鼸£˵ǵ̫٣ǶֿܻԿ
ǣٿƽЩˡ
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û˻ɵ֪Ҳȥ
ƽƽһ˵˵զ£˭
ʼϢû£ƽ簤ջ
ȫҪԷÿ
ˣǴƽο˻ԼСӡ
û
͵Լ극Щʶ˾ˣ߶Ҫúʰһ¡
˵ƽܳʲô£Լ¡
رСӵ⡣
ƽԼ֪Լ£ͨЩҲôš
ΪѹסһЩˣԼվסţνĻȨ
ƽֻԼЩЧˡ
ȾơƽкϵѣùǣһЩֳ¡
Ǯ¡
ֲǮ϶ʱЩЦʡģûҪΪǵ󹦷򡣡
ʱ䣬ǮȵƵá
ǣЩ˼ʶǮ򷢵ˡ
һˣһֱû˵ƽǸơ
զֵܡƽ˵ҺȵƣЦЦֶãô˵أ
쿴һۣһЦҪǰһ¡
ھ۸ˣ˶ţڰת춼ûͣ
ϰࡢԷȫܵӰ죬ɳҲû취˼Ҹ
һдȣˣں󣬶Է˺ʰǡ
׵ͷϴ⳥
оЩܡЦ㻹취˴˰ɣһʧС
һûĸҲ˲۸ֻǲԸ£ǷҲС
ѵǶǺеˣЩǰӦ˵ϻҵص˵һ°ɡ
ƽ֮󣬰û֨Щʡ
Ҳ֪е
׻˵ĺãǿѹͷߡ
лֵǡƽ׺͸лûѣһΪǺС
˼ʮ˹ѹԷֻܲǱ𶯡
ϾﲻԼ̡
мѡƽ˵ھǹǰų⡣
ǲģѹһͷָˡ
Լﴳ
£Ժٲ֣˶֪
ƽоԼˡ
һˣƽ˵ƽҽԺأߵ˹˵
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ƽ޴ƽߵһǵһôҵ¡
ֻǵ˵ԭƽһӣҲܣʲôƨ£ǳԱ˳ŵã
ΪԼˣΪɳͻŰһ㡣
Ū־档
û뵽Ϊ˱˳ͷԼô£һռ
ˡƽǶԴԽԽǮǿˣǿǲ
ƽŵɪɪҴһ£ͷƽŭ
ƽЩҲû뵽Լ˸ƽ鷳¡
ԭǰ͵ɳӶ࣬һϵ˲ߣҵƽæΪѰ֡
鱾ûʲôˣǰŵĲ·ƳȥΪ˸˳
ɲƽЩ˸ġ
˭˭˭Ϊ˭ƽΪ˿ƽ
ϰ˶¾ƱƽǸģ
ûٺˡ
ȰᣬԺúý̡̽
ǰҲû뵽Էһ֡
˲£Ҫ˵һ£ǵһͷҲ͹ȥˡ
ϵ£ΪѾ˵һ¡
˵˾͵ͷϴ
ԷƣҲǲȷʵƽܴ鷳
ɳͣһǲǮ
ߡƽûٺȥȥԷʲôˣҪô
ھ뻨Ǯ򷢣Ѷңʵ̫

ôˣ
ֳ극ʱһ㣬Ի˵Ҫǿǰ׵ˡ
׵Ҳõȡ˵ҵϣ
ֲԣҪʣͿм
ԶǼʱ䣬ͣɳſڡ
ɫγһɫգźܶ˵Ķ
ֿЩˣʮˣʱҪܣ
ҪˡִվŲԶļ˵Ƕһ㣬ʤ㡣
ܡ£ű޶С
ڳûнӴЩ˵˼ֻŰ֡
ż¡
ƽ³ɳſߵһȺˣ۾˯
˺Ƥһְۣ۾ϡ
Է˵Ų֨أԱ˷˯һ
ƽ
˺ǣû˴Լɡ䡹ǡ
ʲôԼ
Ǹ³ߵƽߣЩɳſڡ
Ҫ˯ˡ
һʱ֮ЩЦãƽʲôˣôźһЩ
ƽ֣ǰýĻ˺ӡ
ѣ˯ˡ
˭أ˺ۣȻǷ
һŤͷСֱЩŮһɤӣϱ˴ҡ
ˡ÷һߦȣֱӳ˭ҴҼүǣ
ÿ
ֿȥߦȴˣʱ͵͵Ц
÷׷վסҴүǣ㡣
ʮ꣬˭Ҳ£ƽȺ˿š
Ҳ׷ߦȴ
ǲ£ǶԷǸŮˣԼϴҲûڡ
ֻܼܶȦѺ÷˦£û뵽Էǿ
ܵ˼ߦȣֻƵƵƽ
ƽƤֱҪ˵
һЦ

Цˡ
СʮŮȫΧ˹÷׷˴
˵Ҳа̫ܵ򲻵
үǱˣɵܿΪԼүԼ۲ǡ
Щ˲´󣬿ʼ÷ͣ¡
ƽ֪ԼЩҲľͷһ֪ǰæš
վһ߷Ľζ
ˡƽʱӿȻһȣӱ졣


47 
Ѯûȵʱůڵġ
ƽ
Ѯ, ûȵʱůڵġ
ƽһȣΧʱ, ӭ˫۴Ҵ
ƽʮ, 귢պ, Ͳ۾ʱгһ졣
ɨӺ÷ʱ͸ݵ
ŵЩŮɺһһĿ۲Һֳһš
ƽųصͷԼɢơ
ǳ⡣
ֿź÷ǱסʱԵĻ࣬˺ˡ
¡һԵı޶Ӧ, Сİؿ,аְ֡
תͷ, Ű۵Сְ, £ˡ
šలһС,ڳְȥˣ
š޶̵ͷֶԼɳ,޶Ȱְֻ
զô־ȣղһû
ϰˡ˵ûгֵˣʱ䳤Ȼ¡
˵Ҫȥ
ֻһ仰û˵, ÷ǹ˾һ, ʱӦ
ͺ, Ҳ硣
ƽ˳񿴹ȥ֮ɳſһˡ
һСʮ꣬ݰüĿ续һ㲻ˡ
ֻĿתƵϣȷ͵һʶ˲ǡ
ƽʱˣһףΣո̵˽⡣
峤ʲô
ѾǵĹӲϲá
Źߣƽ峤ֻ࣬һθߴ彡˶ˡ
һ˫ȣߣȽý
ÿһĴĿϣľĿһͣЩ
ԶƽʱֻһĿⱥɭ䡣
ĿⲻƣԼ͸һɷꡣ
ʲôûؿڣСУܰǵưͣ
üɨһȦԹƽļѣص㿴˿Ӷ糵Щˡ
ʲôأ£
ƽǣ
ⲻ֪ʣ
÷壬һͲǺˡ
ЩŮʱ״˵ƽǵĻ졣
ƽĿʲô񣿾Ȼ˵Ļ죿
һȺ뺷ǣҶʲôģ
ҲŻһ
СŹǸ״Ļʱ˵ǿˣĻŻ⡣
һ仰ԣҲ磬ǲ뽲
ǽ𣿡ƽˣŰֺ˭Ƕſڣǵط
Ǵ˻ˣֱզأ˭˭
˭㣿ƽǰһ첱Ӵ֣ʶ𣿴㻹ӻ
һĲмŴŰ׳ţпİ֣ΪģΪԼˡ
˭˵أһڣҪǰ˵һ
켱æǰסֵлú˵ǿ󣬿󡣡
ȴûͷһ䣬ö
һ䣬ŤɳſڣһֱûĻ˺ǡ
һȫ
÷תСܣһ򣬾Ϳһѡ
˺ŸѣʱĴɢƽΧס
˲ϣֵӸˣƽ°ͣզզ
ƽ̬ȣͲƽ־Ͳʾ
ûඪӡ
ҡƽƵƵҲ̲ȥˣ־Ҫˣ֡
û˵꣬ʱס԰ЦЦһ˵лú˵
ƽһƿðŭû˵ú˵ƨ
ûˣ
ر⼸꣬ԽԽ󣬾ЩĲΡ
Ҳȥ
̧һָҪҺᣬҲҪҴЩֵԸԸ⡣
ƽӣֻеģȻఫһء
ֻԴĿ¶м˵ҲҪԼûǸ¡
һ̾ԼǾȲ˸Ĺˡ
ǱѣԼǸæģǴսƽ˵˼䡣
ƽ
ݺݵһڣһû뵽ոԼھӵ¡
Լˡ
һֱ£ԼаľٶƽʼΪС¡
ЩĲһ
㲻ùˡƽһӣ죺վһ߿ţƽʾһ㣬ӹǽүү
ʵ˿̣ЩϲΪԼܻһطϵʲô
Լǵ͵һЩһͽ˼ŻСǮˡ
֪಻ǸУҵھӣƽһ˼ûˡ
࿴źݻüͷɿһЦ˺۸ǰɣ
ͷһģǾԿ˭˭үү
漴ưѰ֣ȥϡ
֣
Ŀ¶ǣѯʣҪִܣ
లڷ촽¶һĨǳЦ˳Ұģѵʵ
һ۾Ϳƽıԡ
ý»ǵý鷳һ㡣
ȥɡưȥϣű޶
͵תͷۿ΢ģ׺ݣƽˣҾͰͽȥ
Կ
ݻ̧ȾҪߣһզ
򡣡ƽףż˴ҴҸˡ
һ£ÿ
ֻһȺתͷƣȴûһ˶
ĸѵԽԽ
ƽȺм䣬Ҳû˼
ƽˣãȻզ£
ȺСƽСӴ˹ĵѣǱΧסˣȵһ£ҽٹȥɡ
ĸ㡣
ƽԼͷصҲǰæҪǿԼж͡
˭֪һָЩ˵밤ĳȥ
ƽ
ɶ˼
û뵽һͷ磬ҲˣΪ֮ɣ
߳ȺֱվƽԣŸҲȥˡ
֪ô£֪۶࣬Լû
ѾȰƽˣǾԼġ
ƽ
һ˲ЩƬ̺󣬶ʣµļ˵Ҳȥֵòǡ
ô˵ԼҲôģΪԼϰһȺˡ
ĻԼԶ֡
ֻǲ뿪Ķʮˣһͷߵǰ
硣һСƽͷۻ࣬ƽ˵ʶܶ֡
˵괹ͷɥߣ׸һϰ壬Լˡ
Ժٱˣ
ƽ
Ӳûɳû֣¾͵ô汳Լ
ֻǻ½߳ǸƵĸԼ˵Ҫ뿪
תۼ䣬ʮˣֻʣ߰˸¡
һߵЩˣһԼһ鲻ģ
ƽ
ԼȻǻЩåӣǻǮ£Ҳɣ
˫ֱۣϾĿƽú⣬ռһϯ֮أֺ޵ԵҲ䣿
ƽˣŽЩ£һ뿪ΧȦ
ƽϰ¡
ʱˣǰץסһʣզ£ǮǸʲôģ׳Է𣿡
Բƽ硣ץסһɥ˵ǰϴѡ
ǲܲ
Ƕǽˣڻ࿴֣һ档
ǲ֪ܲô
ƽһɣİģŻžη
Щ˵ϴ˵ǵġ
򡣡ƽ˺ѷεغҵǸǮǱ֡
ɶҲ˲ˣƽ˶֣æŵǸǮȺ塣
ҹȥסæȥǸÿѽ
ƽ
Сӷˣʱôܵӣⲻλδ
ղЩ뿪ѾһںеڶΡ
ο֪ԼСһԼôһԭûгֹ
࿴Լ˿Ŀ¶ѯʣͷʾǷ˹
ƽܵƽǰס첲ſԱ߼ٵֹ
ֿ֣ǳϿҵ˵ԲҵǸ
ҲûӦȰ˵ֱӰԭ˵һ顣
ҵĴƽϴ죬һû٣ҪҪ⡣
ˡ
ƽ
Դƽ꣬һֱԺһƬհףһ״ģ
һֱصѣǸԺ˾µѣǶǲ
Լߵˣ
һ±ƣŵͷǾϹǸǮƽ硣
ޱĻֿ࣬ƽ磬𣿡
ָָƽϰ˵ɡ
򡣡ƽƽһʹɫ˵ѽ
⡭ǮƽɤӸƣð˵Ǯ
⡣ƽһֺãҿĻֻ࣬ź˵İ֣ٶ⡣
㱨
ˣϲ¶ЦݣһķãҽҩѡӪѡ󹤷ѡС
࣬˼ЦЦʣɶˣ
гѡ治ɫ䵭صô˳ԺȻѣΪҲҪ⡣
ԶԶԡֵͷΪ²ĻѣǶҪ⡣
⡣ƽӦĸɴ࣬ȻǣǾ͵ʲôϡ
һԼʧҽҩûǮҲʮ顣
ҪԼιײһ£˵Ҫúʮ²ܺá
֪߶˽һ죬һʲôҲܸɡ
԰һ㲻ıһ󹤷ѡ
һʮ࣬һǧ࣬ٽЩˣչ㣬ԷǮ
ܼһҪǧࡣ
һĿ࣬ſ˵ǲ̫ˣ
֣۶ûգһ£㻹ûӪѡ
бۿƽƽǳһ£ƤЦⲻЦصŷѡŷѡЩͲҪˡ
°ͷ¶һĨǳЦ¡
գգۣؿŻ࣬Ͷء
еˣ
Ҳգ˵һûУֱ˵
붼ûЩ¡
Ӫѣһ˼ؿƽǣС˵Ҫٰ
ǿŸƽ°ͣ˵ӪѣԼ˵
ƽǾУ˵񣬻оرۡ
ҲҪ
ΪڿУƵġ
ĿԶƽļˣָ˵־̣ʲôʱҲҪԼ˿
ЩǮгĿʿҪûжǡ
˵꣬վڲԶ־ʹ˵ûУЩ˶ء
ԱߵĶ磬ҲԻͷǶǼ֤ˡ
˵ֵֻҪ֣˭˵˰
ƽǣ΢΢һЦ֪ǳ࣬ҾͲˣ֤
⻰ǸƽǣԼʶ֪࣬һ
ǸӣʾԼ֤ҲУǲ̫͡
ƽ
ǲ¶ֻľվš
һ仰˵
ֻƽһֱͷӦϵЦȻǿ̬һֱڵ
֪˼֪ӣʲôյܡ
ϣ˽⡣
ڰӪѵ⣬ƽ󷽵ĸһǧ顣
һǧѰţһ촽Լ侲صͷӦ
оƽһǷˡ
Ǯƽ翴ûСĵѯʣȥã
ȥɡȿڣǵţ
ƽͷƽߣܿ͹
л˵
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ


48 
ôǮ
ڿǮ, Цü䣬ĵʹ죬ȥһ
ƳЩոµʮԪŽ,ЩǮɳʱʲô, ûͣһʧǮ
֣
ǮĿûˣ
Ǯ, һڿϣ˵ǴĿ
ǮﲻǼѡ
̫󡣡ָ̾ûȽϣ󡣡
ԼҲвǮҲδǮǧ黹Ǹ˵ĲС
ǶЩһ¼ʮǮĹˣʳũˣЩǮζʲô
ʲôü, Ϊ˵ϻ˵, ˱˵, Ȼ, ѵҪ˵
ǵж˲ܻжٶҪӣ
ԶԶԡһ뿪, Цݲõ˵Ӧǣ˱˵ûţȻš
ͱ˱ʲôԼھͺá
û˵Ǯɵ, ǵǮ˰ɡ
һյ־ͻ
ɶʣܻôǮ
ֵʲôûЩǮҲ𡣡
ûɶġ˵оͻˣ᲻á
֣
ɶ˼
ս࣬ϸ۲, ɻ
ͷ, ڰֶͷ϶һ, Ц֪Ʋ¶ĵ
ôˣǱӵˣ֪Ǯ
˶ġ
ţҲǲܰæۺ졣
൹ǲ£ھܰ˵ȥǴҲ
˾ûˡ
Ŷˣ˫·ʢСǣ§ס첲Ķ࣬Ҿû뵽Щ
˹ܻǮǺܶ࣬Ҳʮ顢ʮǮ
Ƕ֪ûǮҪӣǼʵѡ
û˹ڡ
ôһǮֿ󣬻жΪóʮʲô
Ҿ˵ֵôҪôǮ
ʡġʵѵǿ԰ǹȥĿûҪôࡣ
ҲһͻȻΪʲôӦãֺá
ƵƵͷΪĻܶԣȻûⷽ澭顣
ǻһ壬ֱǲ٣Ůʮˡ
ЩʾĲ١
ġֵǻȥһҲ
ü׸ôҪ֪ȥˣ
˵ɳǱԺᱨ𣿡ͻȻ뵽⣬ǲǵ÷һ㡣
Է̬һʼǿӲ˱仯ȻΡ
ҲֻΪƽ־Ǹʶƽı̬ȣС
Ժ»
־ûҪһЩ
ЩǮȥ̫䶯ΥҪñ֪Ŀġ
ᡣƬ̺ʲôȥ¾͹ȥˡ
üģЩͬʱֲ߰ʵԭ
ʢ˭߸˸ߣ²޷¡
ǴеСˡ
ڻúܶ˼԰˵
ɳϰ⡣ί˵ǰⷢЩƣеϵſɳ
ǸˣЩºֵ£㲻õġ
Ǿͺáһɣ޹˼ɣ̨ɡ
־˵ɳӣõĶһǮ
԰
Сȴҡͷ̨Ҳ˶Ǯ
֣һʮǮ⻹٣
ĪĿŻ࣬ӣʻࣺ㻹٣
࿴ӣеԹﲻݸ
˶Ū˼˵򳵣㿴ô
ֵˣüγҪʮأǮ
ࣺ
ֻǶû뵽棬üͷ΢һݵСģ
ЩЦã̧һ°ţأ𣿡
γʲôࣺһûС
ߡߣ¶ͷǽγ򡣡
һȭͷԼǮǮһҪϽγ
㻹ЩǮô˵綼ꡣ
ҳԶٷɡ˵ȥôˣôҲҪЩʾ
Ȼ˹ʣһ찴Ǯȥˣ绹һٺ⡣
ǰֿôǮл˵Ļ뻹һΡ
鳹׻ˡ
šͷƽʱνβһ
ϾǮ̫ࡣ
Ҫûˣӵ˲֣˭Ҳ˵ԼҪ˰æʱ
ֵõôǮһëΣҲ˵ȥ
౾Ҳ˼ֻǻûڣֵ˵ˡ
Ǿôˡ˵ȥϰڼǶ໨ǮҺúóһ١
áҡͷʵݡ
˵ͷɱһҷֵ⣬ûȥȫҶܸųԼ١
Ҫᣬðֳӣû˰Լˡ
һٶ໧Ҷһ㣬ԺԼˡ
ν֪಻ôʲôΪԼá
µͷӦ

󣬴ӴȫڼϢʱ
ִ󷽵óٿǮûһͷɹɱ
ǲԷ
ֻûˣɱˣҴӵ̫ࡣ
˵һٶ໧Ǻܶ˶ûּң˿ڶҪʮڡ
˵⼸½вٺӳѾﵽǧˡ
Ҳֻһҷֵ⣬ǰּһͥʾһ⡣
ͷ̧ɹ໡еرˡ
ֲǰԼű޶ܵſվţԶԶĿɱĵط
ӵȫ޹˼ɣɱȫܵɹ֣֪Ҫ
ʱ˵ĲС
԰ЦӭһЩСӼϴɱˡ
ЦЩӲÿˣҪ뼸ྡ
ڿޣ춼Ǵӣ·ֺһƵġ
ûľС
ָ˵룺ֵֵ
లɱ£ɱˣٹȥ
ˮô죿ҲҪ𣿡
һס˵ʣµĸһҷֵ㡣
ϲˮֻڲǶ죬̫Ųס
ԼѪ԰ɣ˵Ѫʱ򲻶࣬ٹһԡ
˵һЩ촽оˮҪˣ۰Ͱ͵ĿŻࡣ
»ûֲᡣ
ǾͲˡѪҷֵ㡣
šͷرͬ˵ѪҲһʱǶҪ
վһԣɱĵطԶҪûɱꡣ
ֻǴӵ˶ڣɱĵطΧˣֻһЩѹѹһƬס
ȥ˵һ°ɡ˵ҿű޶ЩӶһᡣ
޶ߵСܣһȺͬ亢˷ܵСͨ졣
༱æܹСԴʣְ֣ɱˣ
ɱˡ
ûأ޶һ⣬ɱĵطǼҵأ
ǿ
Сһﾫأ
ֿ࣬˵壬ۼ⻹ûء
㵹֪Цİɣģۼࡣ
Եġ
˵ţ˺ӹˣ壬壬ʰһͷˣڷ𣿡
ࣺ֣ȸæЩ˷֣һ˸⡣
ֿ˵һҸ
֣㿴Űš
֪һͷ⣬ĵöһͷԼûְš
Ǿô졣˵˺ӣҼˣѪȫѪһٷֵ㡣
˺Ӹ˵ĴӦһתˣһʹ಻ѪأܳԵˡ
Ҳȥ˵ϲԵĶ
ֵͷҲˣɱеѪ
ƽʱҪѪʵ̫ѡ


49 
һ죬ӱ֣ǻЦ
ҲڼóԵ
һ, ӱ֣ǻЦ
ҲڼóԵģǰһͷˮ, Ϳʼ͡
һͷİ, жʮ, Դꡣ
óԡ
һŵճ绹Щ죬Ҳһ
ιһڣװ˼޶ԣС졣
š޶ԹԵСϣϥ, ͷ˵㡣
ԶࡣһװõĻ, һһкܶԡ
֪, ְ֡޶С, ҪԺöö⡣
Ժܶࡣֿ, Цۼкܶ⣬㹻ԡ
ӷ⣬ʣ¼ʮ⣬඼˻
Ǽҳһʱ䡣
ֿѻװ̳, ЦûӶóԡ
šֽİѻװֿ꣬ʼ⣬Ҵңÿ
Сֿ࿴, صͷ˵, ôء
Ѯ, ǺȣҲŲ˼졣
㼸⣬־ûʲô׻ΪʲôԼ
࿴ɻ󣬽һ䣺ÿ˶ԼļңǼȻҪͬ⡣
֣
⻰˵ġܿģ֤Լ׽
Լһˡ
͵û¡ָˣӴҲ͵ɣܺ˱ˡ
ֱ͡ӾֵܾǰƽʱģԶк񱡡
ԺУҲҪһ£Լи
ŶףǸԼ˭׺һЩ֪ˡ
óƽ𣿡˵Զȥز
͵ϾСӹȥÿ춼˺С
޵ϣǿͳƱԱÿ綼Ҫȥһ˺С
ƽʱʲôӹȥ
ȥǡ˵ȥó緹
˵žȥˣ죬ֵܷżڼҡ
ǣ࿪ʼԵĲˣϵĶ
⡢Źǡʳμ⡢ӡ
ֿҪȥæ̫ͣ࣬ǳԲˡ
СӳӡݸһЦ𿴳ƽСܳԡ
ô˵֣ͣ⼸ǳԸʡǲ⡣
˭ˣӲϣȴһ¿ˮ̫㡣
ЦЦû˵ּˣһسСײˣһ貤ˡ
Щ˱ȹʢֿϰڵİ˵ˣֺǺǵ˵ȹ꣬Լɱһͷ
СӦʹ죬˵Ժ궼ɱһ춼ԡ
ͷɱһͷԼιоŸ㡣
⻰˼һ˵֪ôǮȥˡ

ʱһΣĩּõĲࡣ
һۡ
һ磬ֶԻӻ֣ˡ
š´绰
֪ˡЦеģܻĹģİɣû¡
࿴뿪ƽһ˿įְЩ
Ů˻࣬ʱڴûٱ˵ǼǾ
ûٱָָ㣬˵Ժ˶ûֵֻܳһ۸
ֱŸıһУֱͦˣٱӴƲ١
һֱ඼оۣܶ鶼ѹϡ
ҪţܵҪţиĸ
Ҫ縺Ρ
˿̰뿪ܸȥֻչ˼һ̯¡
ŰԼ뿪
֪˿ӣһ·ͻ˺˵Ż
ܿϡ
ףһ·˳˺˵һ䣺³ɡ
泵Сӻ¡͡һЦˣ˺Ӹ磬Сѧҵɣ
˺Цѧʲôϵû˭˵
ЦǺǵĿǣֵ㼪ԡ
ת˿ͳŻ˺Զر⡣
˲ܿû˺ӿֹ˴һ泵ȥ
Ȼˣܸɣּ̰ҪԼװжǮࡣ
һҲ׬ʮ顣
°ÿţҲȴ˹úãЩȥС̯ǿࡣ
ڼСϰ壬ķֻǮĿˡ
һСʱ󣬿ͳУڻվ³
ֱߵһ㣬ÿŵĻ𳵡
ϾܵС
ȥоŵĳƱֵƱڣǮóҪݽȥƱԱ˵ûˡ
ǡ룬Ҫ˵ͱһ¡
һתͷͿԼˣͷ
Сֵܡž΢΢Цһ£ҪŵȥеƱ
ĳƱƱǣʱҪƱҪת㡣
ʧʱǣЦص壬лл
žЦЦʾһλãҰƱƱԱһ£α
áָҪֹžѾƱݸƱԱ˵ֻվһ߿š
ղŶӵʱǰŶӣں滹ʮˡ
ִ˲Ʊ
ˡžƱø֣ƱƱԱ˵Ʊα
ֻհ죬ȻǮžЦ壬Ȼᣬһ۾;ֵΡ
һ±ȽϺážԷġ
ʮ꣬࣬Ƚº͡
ˣǾһЩΪá
šֵͷžллл塣
лžڰ֣˵һãǸãǻȫ
˼žƱҪѣ˻Ǯȫ
ԼȴȫһǮûʧƱס
㲻ϵƱ
Լܰʱ뿪취ɲž˵Ļȫ
ȻֻǳϿҵлҲҪлл壬ȳȫҡ
žҡͷû˵ʲôƼˮҲûʲôöĵġ
ǻ־Ҫ뿪
ǽŲһͱ˺סš
žͷŽŲҴҹˣԼͬ
žʣô
͸ݡ˵㲻Ƿûȥʱ뿪ôվˣ
ƱžһΣ¶һĨɬǰҺˣѾ˵õֱԡ
ȫһ뿪Ծ͵ðѷˡ
ʡԺҪһˡ
ҺҺ˵뿪ǰһǮǼʱԲˡ
žһ¡
ô죿ȫҵŲǻ£Ǳ߻ýӹ
ߡž˵죬ܲȥʵڲȷţԺʱٻ
򣬰еҲæԺӵˣҽһ¡
һôϵһܸ㣬Ҳ̫ˡ
ֱҪߣӣŲʱŲˡ
γǱŻǮĿģְյԼԴ
ôû뵽ӵأ
ָҪһǸ˵ʵڲУͱϳ°ɣ̰˵ˡ
Ҷͬ£ҲΪѣӵˣҪܸž
ҲҪŶԷ
͵õˣԺͷ̧ͷ϶ÿ
ֲž귿ӣƨˣĻᡣ
˰ɡžȻ˼ԹֱֱӾܾҾǸ˽ۣȥһֱҲ
̫á
˵õ£۸ҲҪĲߣͬµϡ
žѾ͡
ΪͬſҪžû⴫Ϣޣôȥ
Ū
ҲСڨڨεЦЦҲǮһ޷ٻһˡ
˵ˣžվԭһԶվߡ
žŲأε̾Ϣû߾һѣ߲ζ
ָ󣬳վ̸µĵط
һֱžֱ˳վߵٵĵطźסˣ壬һ¡
ž
Ųһ٣֪ǲںԼΧûˣ
žɵתͷͿһЦݵİ֣˸մ꽻
㣿žɻܲƱ˸Լɣ
塣ûôֱ࣬ЦղҪӣҡ
˼ԴžͣǹҪ˵ֻҸҪߵʱӵ¡
ֵ򣬲̸̸֪ܲܺ
Ȼԡžֱߵ룬ǵҪ뿴ӣҿڴȥĲԶᵢϻ𳵡
ղ˵ʱ򣬾֪һֱûߣĳվǳ̬
žȻ⡣
ղƱʱͶ԰кøУĺÿᡣ

ǾȥȻҪӣƾ仰򣬵ЦǱ߱˵
Цһ䣺û׼һһ˻ء
žЦⲻˣûƱŲ
û¡ֶգգۣЦֻҪ˻𳵵ƱǵһվԺһߡ
ž
ֿЦݲõ˵壬ϿԲƱ
ž
۾һʱŰָ첲ߣȥӡ


50 
С¥
ֿǰŶԺС¥, ǰһϲ˵壬С¥ǵͦƯ
ǰž¶ᣬŸǺһ, 治
û취, Ժ󲻻ٻ, С¥һôûС
ֵͷǰˢŰǽǵľ²ʵС¥
Ҳǲġ
壬ǮʣҿǮ
ҿһԺӣǰԺȽϴðǷԺм䡣
Ժǽһ, ּҼһֻһǽ֮, һ˽ԡ
סﲻ÷ǽж
žû̻ش, ü˼Ƭ, ŵԭȶõļ۸ǧ壬Ҫ, Ҿǧ
ȻֺϲⷿӣҲûҪ߼ۣԭ˵Ļϡ
˼Ԫ
ǧԼϴǮûһڴӦ
ԺӺһ𡣡ž, ͵ǵʱõĶǺϣְů¯
ԭΪԼסʲô϶õģǧѾǳɱۡ
ķǷӵѶûС
ӹ󡣡ֽͣγ, ҲҪǮ, 귿ʣµĻá
˵ֵˡǴ, ĵķӲףھͽǮ˵
Ҫϻ𳵣žҲżߣûҪٵ顣
žǸˣŰֿһȦӣ°ָˡ
һ¥иң䡢ϴԡҶС
и̨ͨԺ
¥ĸңһ鷿һ¶̨ÿҶϴԡĵط
־ϲӣžԼңʵƯ
壬С¥̫ˡϲԽƵƵ޵ҪǴ˵ҲѰķӡ
һ㡣žˣϻǫҺõķӲ٣ֻʱǵľһ㡣
ҡͷҲ⼸ĸ￪ţŻôõķӡ
ǰ꣬ҲҸǵôá
һᱻݻܵñӡ
ھͽǮ˵ߡ
һ˵һߣ壬ȥֵ´ˡ
Сžֱϰ˵㣬ϾϰˣֱӰѷҲˡ
ֵͷҲ˼ֵ´Զ־ڽֵԹ
žڣʲôð죬ǮʱҲ˼֤
߳С¥žԿ׽֣ЦھͰҸ㣬ϣܺúðҡ
ֵͷ֤ԼϧС¥һ㡣
ϲžҵλãĿضΡ
ת̵Ǻطû·ߵһ
ת߼Ǵ·
ֵ´Զ½ֻ·ĵһͬ뷱ڡ
Ц棬̾ԼļָȫԼķӡ
˶żڽֵͷֶڸʮӾ͵ˡ
ڰݡյ˺٣ûһ㵢飬ܿͰˡ
дԼֵķգЦĺϲ£죬Сպá
塣ְѳƱž˻ϰɣˡ
žĳƱǸղԼֵģæҸʲô˾ġ
ȥ򡣡Сܼתͷž֣壬ףһ·˳硣
лžôĵķӣ¼۸һ㡣
Ҳܽܡ
žٿǮȻҪƱȥһл⡣
֪žҡͷǻȫ
Ҫָл
˼Ƴۼ俴֣ڷԱߡ
פƬ뿪
ǰʱϲطֵ·
ܶಿţһЩλвӪꡢʳƷ̵ʳֶط
ȴ⸽һԼķӡ
˭Ҳ޷Ԥϣĺ󣬰ȴǾ
˼ӣ͵ת̵һͣ·ߵֳ
ȥվ˵Ҹϻ𳵣鷳һ㡣
û⡣ЦվʮӾ͵
ֱֿ˵ʮ壬Ǿŵ˿
Լû⣬֪žܸܲˣϣٶȿһ㡣
Ҳ˲Щ
˻վֿܵƱڣ˳Ʊ
ƱԱġ
վءƱԱô˵ĶϳҪƱиš
ҪҪּæǮҪš
ƱһҲҵȾƱܡ
Ʊ˻ҵλӿ
ɿͷϵĺһ£û
Լзգͬʱ
ʱŻࡣ

֡
ͯ˫֣
ȺУųվͯԼ
˵Ļӻ֣æ߼Ⱥϡ
ôˣЦǲ
ϵͯ§סּЦܲ
˴Сһ𳤴һʮֹ꣬޶Ľ顣
ǷָҲ衣
ôæӡֲֵǲʶ·ԼȥС
˵ߴͯ棬ȿ㣬ǰһ
Ц㻹ͦʱֵģ³ǰأ֪𣿡
֪֪զͯüһνģⶼԼģֲñ˵Ǯ
ͯһװ˶࣬ٶǿ彡Ũü۱ͦ
͵ıӡ
Ȱִһ꣬ԸˬʰǸ˵ˡ
Ѿˡͯ˵ȥסĵط
˵Цݼбۿ֡
ʮևNɪˣԺԼ˵㣬˭Ҳܲҡ
˭أ̧ȲһţطۣзӾ͸Һ҇Nɪˡ
ܵġ
ͯ汻һţ۵죬۾ŭС֣ǲ
Ǹ統껤ʱˣ
Ҳ˵ǵꡣƲƲ죬ֱĵ£ǣüζ㰤ᡣ
ͯ˵⻰ʱЦͯȤ¡
˶ܿġ
һ¡
ֱ߱Ц˺ʶתͷ
塣ֿžæתһûиϳء
ȥңᣬ˶ּﶼˡ
ָȥ
ˡžһţûƱҸˡ
󣬾͵һԣ뿴ܲ֡
ž֣ҸһҼˣʶء
˳뿪㣬һҪúлл㡣
ֲҾӹæֵ壬ɱô˵˵ǻȫûʲô͡
һתЦҲʶһˡ
νӴžӡ󲻴Ҳֵôʶһ¡
С¥ȻҾ߶ˣһûҼ
ɨĸɸɾ
ȸͯ棬ѣҡ
ֶͯ壬˷ǳá
žͯкʹŰȥˣֻ˭Ҳû뵽
һ벻ˡ
֣Ԥ֪ԸС¥
ҲԸ⿴ˡ


51 
֣
һŭ, ̧־Ҫһ⣬Сӣզأ
žһѴ, Сķ, ʶ𣿡
û뵽, ԼžˣȻ񻪡
ֿղŵǸŮˣֿžˣ
ŶžһȣֵĻҰˡ
Ҫӽܸ֣˵Ƽˮ꣬ýˡ
ֿһţԼֵ, ž֣ص˵֮䲻, Ҳûʲô·
۾ž, ָ˵ҲϣҵֻƬ˶, رһЩ᲻ɵˡ
ž
˵ôҧгݰɣ
˵ʲô񻪾ȹ˰Ѱ,Сӣ˵˭أ
һԹ, 衣
𣿡Ц·˵һЦҼ̳еı˼ҲҲȥ𣿡
һ, ûͼ, Ҹϵ𡣡
ƽ, ˵һѰ£ѾûͼĶ޷ģòô
Ļ£ֵĳվϵˣ·ֹͣ
ܴʱ·ϢǽŲҴҵˡ
˿ȫĿ񻪣û뵽ôϢֱס
㲻һļ̳Ȩ𣿡񻪾ŭӣû뵽СƵİڵô
ҷ˵Լ֣־ʹ
Ͼ־ڣԼܴСӣǵָŰ֡
־Ǹ˵˵ọ̈̄ãȥԺߣһҪ
Ļ޶˰־㣬Ƿȫ
Ժǰɥʧ棬ֻⷿס
Ҫܱ˵ָָ㡣
ƾʲôҪģüܻģĺõ˵Ұ֣һڱϵˡ
ֿһƣ֪ĴԼ⣬ΪԺ󲻱鷳
ĵľֵֵزҲûռűˣʿɶֹɡ
˵һǧһҲġЩ侲вԼϣ˭˵ã
ŲԼòҲûйϵֻҪԼץס֣һôò
ҺʲôûС˵ȥϣŲŲҲûʲôǲҪˡ
ȥĶϣһζ񻪹Ŀ࿴ж಻Ҫ
ǼŮģʼ磬ģЦǶˣҲֲҸϣֻҰ֡
⣬ƵĿǾȥȥ֣˭
Ұֻ᲻ٴηŹǣ
񻪣
ȻֵǮ־ûҪ
Լ
ʱԼûǮֱ־ŵ޴룬ôԹԵԸ
ôûҪ
ֿסټԽԽ࿴ֵˡ
ǻ治ҪҲ񻪵óѵ˼ˣʵڲ뱻Χָۡ
Ƕžһͷ壬ˡ
ֲǨŭžòĴкˣֻϣž
ҪԼӵ¸񻪡
ҪǱ֪ð־ŻҲ᲻Ҫľ
ﰵ̾Ϣû
û¡һֱû˵ͯ棬ȥǶסؼңҲ㡣
šֵͷؼס˼ûˣȥǶȥסˡ
Ǹղڻվ㳡·߲ԶӾߵˡ
ͯͣ·ߵĦг԰԰ڵ粻
ֿźɫĦг۲ΧĦгһȦǹڰ
ϴʱͯ滹һгռüĳ
ھĦгˡ
ɣʣ˷Ѳ°ɣ
ǡָͯƲͻٶࡣ
ֵһҲ̫˰ɣ
ͯ̾ϢǮƱ򲻵
ΪĦгмõ˳Է
컨ٿˡ
֣һĹˡ
ˡȰ򵽾Ǻ¡ûƱƱҪźţô־֪ɡ
ͯ˵žҹŰֵͬ顣
ɫЩΣǸû뵽
ž֪ô˵ˣͣһºŵڷӵ£ģҸղѾҰ˵ˡ
һ񻪡
лл塣ЦЦʶһˣȷǲɡ
Զһۣž˵˼һԺлİɡ
Ҳ˼ž԰кøУΪǸ֪ͼĺӣЦҰѵַ㣬ʱȥ
ʹӦԼסַû˵ֻҽסѼң¾ͻȥˡ
žͷûٶ˵߰ɣǻҪһ
˼лͯĦг뿪

ʱϼ죬Ħгϣ洵ﷳꡣ
·ˣ°ʱ򣬰һθܵеķ
ͯķӣҵָվԶ
ĦгʮӾ͵ˡ
ȥԵáͯĦгԹҶʲôˣǲȥ
һ쳵ˡֵԵ嵭ģϢ
һΪͯȻЦˣļ۵ǸŮûˡ
֣
ŲᣬΪԼʳʡ
ǲǸԼܣ
ҲŲΪüֵ˷һ񡣡
ͯ򿪴ţĦгԺô˵Цڲ֪ΪʲôǾ𡣡
ЦЦ񻪣¾
޷鷳㡣
ʵԭҲ˵ϾܽԼͻˡ
ֻʵⷿӶǮ
ǧ塣ͯڷǵ
ָָڵķӣǰģ˰ǧͱ¡
־ȣҲ̫ˣ
صáͯһͬҵ֣ҳ̯㡣
һֱզ࣬Цǰͬзǹһ㣬һء
ҪǮ
ֲҡͷ߼ӣ̰
һ˵һߴСԺַ
ұпŹһשͷС̳мһשС·ſڡ
ŵͦ¡
ͯźĦгĴ˵ộ˰
˺ܶ࣬ҵָۼһ۷۵¡
ż߼ġ
밡ͯ˵˵һֱǣ˵ԺԽԽ࣬ǶҪڸҷס
ʼ磬һĪ˵˵зӣǮ
롣˼Ƭ̣Ǯ⣬ǲܣ˵ɡ
ͯ棬ЦοǳǮ㻹ȰҰѶ˰ɡ
ͯؿڣһðַĵģ㻨ǮȥŶôҲҪ
ƳĦгͯһɥһԤ
֡ЦĿͯ棬һڵȻˣŶʲôɴ໨ǮҰѶˡ
´ͯ棬ȻԼǸߵ׳Щϸûжټ⡣
Ľ˶Զˡ
ƲƲΪǴүأȥ˾ͻø㣬ԴɹԴѽ
ŲΪʡǮΪԼȥ̳ͱһ˵
ⲻȥ
ȥָʹߴͯоˡ
СͯΣִСͽȥ
ȥ룬˵ķӵ£ҪҪһ⡣
ԼЪȥ
תһȦҲǶݵľƣǱЩݿ١
ɻò⡣
񻪵£Ӱ쵽̾겻ɢ
а־㣬һ棬񻪶ֵô
ףͯŰõĶ̽ͷõʲô
񣬱ŵòԼؿµ˵ôûһ
ʲôô񣿡ͯϣʣҽŲôأ㶼û
۾Űֵ֣ʵõʲôô˵
浥˵뷿ӵ¡ҡ
ͯ棬ʱ򣬰ѴǮˣڶͼٿǮ
Ǯûˡ
ͯ棺
۰Ĵ浥̾жǮУ㻹øҿ浥𣿡
ֲȡǮ
ͯһԹǲѣǿǴСһ𳤴Ĺ޶
ֿݵĽ飿
͡Цˣ浥ⲻǺд浥ǹеġ
ǰ־㡭ͣһ£ɫЩȻ˵µġ


52 
žžž
֡ͯ, 쵽ʱˡ
һۣæ·, شӦ, ˡ
Ź򿪷, ͯһզˣû˯ã
ɫ㲣ĺȦûһ㾫
šֵ͵Ӧһҹ˯š
ϢͯЦط˯ˡ
ϴǵȥˡ
šȥˢϴЩܣϾͺá
ϵط, ˯, ȥ˯š
ͯĻ
˭һϲ, Ҳ, ഺٵʱ
һѪǸƴ, Ļ᲻һΪ
ͯ飬ֲǲģֻһ뵽ࡣ
ǰ취ûС
ԸΪԼҲûΪ, ٻе㲻ġ
Ż߳ũ壬ԼȴҪʲôҪþá
ǻ顣
ȥ߳ԡͯԼ鷳ʲôĶ, óʡ¡
Сϴ, Լ̿,Ǻȥ
˵еģԼƽʱʲôǻʱܸơ
̳Ե졣
гкãʲôҲ㣬Ķ鷳
ʲôҪȥĺԶ
Ǹñͯţ۰ͻȻЦ˭
¸첲ðֿŵĹİüһ԰ڵӡ
һͯ˵һ
һȥֵۣŭһǱͳһʱ
ͯһ磬һ󾵣һֱӡ
åƵġ
ͯ汻˵ġЦĦгðȥһͷ㡣
Ҫǰִȥ棬ʽͯڻܡ
һСÿǮҪһиʮʮġ
ðͯ
۽絽ǲһˣָ̾һ㶼ˡ
˵š͡һЦ̲ס٩֪ͯģΪĴϰ塣
˿ͯЦĶ
ͷİ֣ЦȻΪĦгЩҵôģ
ΪǮִ󷽡
ΪȻǮð£²ʶˡ
ֻҪһҲ˵ࡣ
ͯ˺ͬǰһͬͣ£԰˵ͬʮҶ
Ǽۣȥĵط򻧴ķӡ
ͯЦһԺ󷿼ٽڲֿˡ
ֿһۣͬڰٻ¥ߣü˼Ƭ̡
궫˵Ǻʣ򼸻
Ǯ̫ߣҪõضβֹһط
ͯ˵ĴӦͨˣ
šֵͷʹ벻ͨҲͶʣһһҪôҲҪ㡣
áͯ桸ಡһ£Ħгˣ׼㲻
ֲŲ¿Ժ󾭼ԽԽֻǲ䡣
ȻԼǮںǱߣа־бתһǮÿ򷿡
ǮŸ־á
뵽¶Ц⣬һů⡣
һδıˣϵİְ֣Ȼ뵽ԼһǮ
ĵĸ׼һ׽ڼҵƱ򲻵ڼҵ磬һ׹Ʊ
ϸģôоһĨڴ
Լܻиİְ֡
ͯﵽҵ֣һͣĦгָŰٻ̵㿴ſŶˣеĴӺҹͿʼſˡ
롣־ȣٻ̵ſڣѹѹļһˣôࣿ˰ɣ
ˡͯе˼ңһˣΪҵ硣
ǮˡָпҵƱҲˡ
ҵ磬ҪǮž׼Ʊ
پǵ̵ԼŶֹȥ
ǮƱҲһ֡
ܲ򵽡ֿͯ棬ЦͿˡ
ǸСУһ굽ͷμҵ磬ʹ
ӻ͵ȣÿҲ˼̨Ҫ򵽼ֱ롣
Ҳͯ棬Ŵи̵ʲôʱмҵ磬Զܵ
ġͯظֻ֤Ҫ̵еģҶܸ
֪׼ҵƱĽ۾ҪˣҪ֪ƱҺαطô£߼ЩƱ
áֵһۣ˵ҵҲ˵һ˭֪Ҫá
ͯ滨Щ߼ۣ־ۣǴִš
ߡͯ汻˵һ٣ҲˣȥԷ
⽺óԡͯһ̯ٻ̵бԹԺԡ
šִӦһ͵̯ӣпڸˣסڸʲôС
ҵֵ֣̯ʲôĶС
ԴһӦȫ
͵Ҳ٣ÿ̯϶вˣ⿴žͲ
ֻϧֻ̯Ӱ콻ͨ
ֳһ⽣ʱߵ㣬̵ֿſЩˡ
˿̶øŰӡӡͱԵ㡣
͵̵һţȡһȥԼǵļҵ硣
һҲȥʣʲôҵ硣
ˡͯҡͷǻȥֿ⿴ɣȰҪ֡
ɶҲûСְһۣƵ˵ǸˣΨһļҵֵͲ
ӡ䡢ϴ»˫¼ֻҪǼҵ綼һٶҪ
ͯ桸͡һЦˣ˵ֵطҼҲֻһ̨ӻȶûء
˵վߣȥŶˡ
̵ָţʣȥǲֿ⣿
šͯͷֻҪͨؽڣͻǽȥԼ
һǮĶ۾Цð¡
Ȼһû⣬Ϊ򵽿ĵĶ
ҲںǮ
ǵʮӣ½һЩԱӺŽȥ
ֱһʮˣгͯȥס
塣ָָ֣ͯ˵е£ȥһ˵仰
ɷ˵˾ȥԱһ䣬԰ʹɫ
̱ϹϾͳһǮͯӹǮˣ˿ڡ
˵ƱڡĶУи㣬ǽȥ򵽡
١ղŻüˣƱʱ򣬶ʱӣһ
۰֣¶һ΢ЦƱð죬ڸҽȥɣĸС
ָˣ壬һ׼ҵ磬˫ϴ»˫ű䡣
УС˵ֻҪнڼҵƱвʵأǼ۸󡣡
ֵʾû⣬ֻҪľС
Ըһ׼ҵ磬ûĦг˵Ҫһʱܽ
ɿЩĸ绰һҪһʱ䣬Ѷٻȥ
ٽӵĻ࣬ŵ绰һüͷһ塣
ɫ࣬᣺ãʱúһ̫Ż
Ȼ˵ʲôֲСӡ
߶߶˵һѣһֱû˵ֱָͳ򵽵Ķͻȥʱ
ŵĲ˿ˣӡǡƹϡȻС㣬Ҳܳˡ
İ֣
ҹȥ
л˵
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ


53 

ַµ绰, һǸģ
һ۾˿
С֡ͯĿʲô
˭飿һ, һ˫Բ,۵ĺ
ҵ, ҳͻغУæµôá
ܴ
вͯƺھһϹ˵
ͯ۵У˵ʲôʲôɡ
֪ͺáˣȴüһ۵ص̫ˣ
˽˫ű, ˫ϴ», ʵۻЩǮ
ûʵ硣
ѡ˽ڵƺڰ׵ӻ, ٶʮǮ, ȹĹһٶࡣ
۸ܽܡ
ˣͯ˵ۻǮҲؿڵС, Ǹܼӡ
ǰû֡
֣
ܼ
õģ
ʲôڼҵ磬ĻһãȻ˫ű䡢˫ϴ»
һá
ͯ滹ڼ˵ֲ飬һŲ, Ҫõĸ
ĶǹþУڽڵЩ
ͯ׼ֵûǮ, ôԡ
Ҫĺһ㡣
Ц,Ȼô, һ̨ӻɴʵã۸ҲƯ
ͯ濴Űɫֲһл´򻹲һء
զأҪҲ򡣡
᲻Ǯһ棬ߵʱ򣬻ʲôҲҪӻ
ȫûһ̨ӣˣȫü￴ӡ
˵ÿ
ǰ᲻Ǯͬʱһһ̨ʵǮʡ¡
̨ڰ׵ӣһ̨ڵԼҿһ̨İȥӡ
Ȼ̨ڰ׵ӣһ̨ʵǮֻЩۡ
Ϊ˲鷳ҲΪʡѣǰ׸ȥһ̨
ٶǮ
ֻЩ˵ҲҪӵˣֻܱ
ͯ濴߳ŭЦߣûǮ
˿վڴ·ߣʱ·ּ˿
ͣ׷ͯĽŲ
ͯ档кɸֵĵһۣ㿴㿴
ָŹˣЩʱֵŮͬ־ɫ޻СƤ
Ůͬ־Ķÿ˵ٿЩͬ־˵עش硣
㻹ǵʽ·
ָͯԴɵɵĸǮ㲻֪
Ҳǲ˼ָͯܿЦ˵˵ͬ־򽻵Ҳ㡣
һס֣֣Ҷһʱɣ
֣
ЩΣͯĶãֱ̫ͷԼ򵥡
ߣ£Ϊ˰㡣
ͯжǮ귿ӡҵĦг
͵ûȥһ
߰ɡתȥЩ˵

ӵѶжһϡ
дţ̨ӻӡ
֣ûж
̾һɵϡ
ֲ֪ԸǷ飬ӵ˰æõЩ⳥ﲻ
ͬʱҲΪԼõ
ɶ໨ǮҲҪѵӻԼܿϡ
Ȼһ㣬̰ͼܵӣЩǮΪԼ

֪ҽڣڹУҲûдơ
ˡ¶һĨЦվѰ־ߣȥͳȥɡ
ôһˣഺǺһгʵ͡
ôĲðȥӴķ硣
һֱȣȰ湻˻һȥ
ѮΪµ߲Ѿ˶ۣӡЩѾ֦ͷѹ
һһ١
ֻûлֻڿĩʱһ绰
߻໹Ҫһʱ䡣
ָʼ˲·ġ޶ġƽֵܵģһû¡
ְ֡޶һ·ףģÿ
ʹҪഩϣųһ㺹۰Ͱ͵ĿŻࡣ
ְ֣㴩
͵Ӧһְ·ŵһߣë޶
ϲ·ʣˣ
޶Բ۾һͷ塣
§סಱӣȥְ֣ʲôʱѽ
ࣺ
Цû취ش޶Ϊ֪ʲôʱŻ
ְ֡޶ĵСһֱ׷ʣ˵ѽʲôʱ
Լʱεصͻˡ
޶ף峺¶ĿŻࡣ
ʣҪ岻أ
ࣺ
ĬƬ̣ɫ¶һĨᶨ˵ǾͲ
޶״ˣ㶵ĿŻࡣ
СְܵĴڣֻҪϲҪġ
඼
ôˣüʵ岻ˣ
ûС޶ҡͷС죬岻Ҫˡ
ǾͲҪ˵ĸɴ䣬ȴǺıס޶˵ǻаְ
˵꿴źԺ˵أһ¢¢߲ˣ̵ĻƹϡȺӡ͵ӡ
ЩԼĴ˺ܶѪֳ߲ˣûһá
ûϡ
ͳỺһһصǡϲ
ϲԼķֳĶΪʲôᱻֶһߡ
һ۶Ը⡣

ת۵³ȵʱɹð·ð͡
оһ˿
Լ̯λϣһʹȣӵš
Ҳȳһ
ûһ˿磬ƴЩؿƵĲ
ȵˮͯݸһˮˡ
˹ˡһ꣬ĸо͸飬бãԱЩˮ
걣±ӼˮָоԼˡ
ҪͯߣҲȸԼȷ磬Ժ̯ɣ
̫ȣû˳й䣬·ϳżּҴߵˡ
û
ǵϢֵһۣ㿴ʱ䣬ֵ𳵽վʱ˻ˡ
ڻվ̯ÿ·˲٣ҵֲ˶١
ر죬Ϊȳŵ˺٣ҵַǲվĿࡣ
Ҳѡ̯ԭ
㿴ָָͯԱ߼̯λ˼ҵͻؼңҲ٣αػء
֣ۻȥɣ
ʵܲȣǰֲߣͯҲԼؼҡ
ҪԼءֲͷĵһۣǵǮ͹ˣһ㲻ܳԿࡣ
ˣˣеǮյĲ֪ɶˡ
ҲȣȾͲǮˣ
ÿһȵʱԱ߼̯ӵ˾ʰʰؼңֻа
ҲҲ㣬ʮǮ
ͯ汻˵̧ͷŰֵ߶ҲǾԼ뷨
Լǿ׳Ȳϸ첲ϸȵİ֣ؼϢ
۲ߡ
ȹôи·Ưȹӣ̹ʼ۸
ʮԪ۳վ߳ˣæ˵ɴȹ͸
ֿǰŮһɴȹǿһǲǸоһ
һŮһ£ûоɴкܺá
ȹʽҲƯ
һ㣿Ůʣʮ𣿡
ǲСּæҡͷۣҵǮ
Աû˵Ů̽ʣҪҸһ㡣
̯ȫŮʿɴȹ׵ġġ۵ġɫС
ȹȹĶ̵ĶУʽӱأȫϷõʽ
ֻҪŮͬ־ûвϲġ
˶٣ŮһʵҪǼ۸ʣǾһһ
ʮ塣˵ʮո
ɴȹǶһݣǿȥұĵطû
ֺվԽԽ࣬ȿƯȹӵŮͬ־
½½ۼ̯Χ
ͯҲæк˿ȹӣʮԪȥ
̵̫ˣҲýˣһҲʮԪ
æһ³ȥһ
ͯһƨСϣëϵĺ˶
Ȱ˵ֵ۾СƤ
Ƴһۣ°ͣ˰ȹӣ۾Ƥ
ԼǮ
ͯ棺
һҭòôһ˶顣
һȹʮԪۣʮԪȥ˸ַá
ÿɴȹʮԪ
СƤһҲ߰˿Ǯ
۾ٵ㣬һҲĿǮ
ôǮһۣÿ쵽˳û𣿡
ˣ֪⼸Сʱվ˳
ֻмҲʮԪղôˡ
ܶ١
ҲƾͯҡҡͷεЦǽá
˯һɡ˵ҿţٽ㡣
и˿۵˳٣Ϣһ
ͯҪԼãָŴ˵˯һҲһ¡
˯ͯ濴Ҫϰ۵򿪣˳˯
²һ˯ˣС죬ֺЦҡҡͷ
ͯÿۣռطӶ
ҲϢ
ǡ뵽Լһûȥˣͺ޲ٶһǮ
ֻû뵽ԼĥʲôʱȥǲҪ绰ʱ
Ͼͼˡ
л˵
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ


54 
ϼ죬ȵƽߣһȼȥ
ӭ硣

ϼ, ȵƽߣһȼȥ
ӭ硣
ֵվһл𳵣ųվ, ӭһ˿͡
һ, æһͷ, ë
ȲĹһˮ
ֿ̾Ϣһˡ
áͯЦһ㳡˶ƻ١
վֻˣվ㳡ˡ
Щ˲
԰̯ˣעصľ̯쵹ν
󲿷̯Ϊȣһ졣
ô۵˲ࡣ
ԽԽáҡ, ЦǺǵ˵Ĳ, ϣмȫꡣ
ͯ⻰, ̽ͷ̽Կ, һģ
Сٽһɣɴȹͦ
ͯսһ, ˽ڻûкһȹӣǻһʱҡ
ٽˡҡͷ۾ƳһۣûǸ, Ǽү춼
һǳȥһԴ
֪ܶԴĸطʲôﶼΨһơ
Щɴȹ˸ûУÿ춼, Χ˲ۺŹ֡
ǻʲôͯⷽٶ, ʵҲ˵˽һĻ, ǾͲˣⲻǸ·𣿡
ۿûжɴȹˣļҪȹӵʱ
ָû˼
û˵ʵٽҲУЩ
ֻǡ
˼ţоͷѹһӰʶ̧ͷ
Ϳһߴ˶վ̯λǰ
һī˿£ǳɫп㣬ɫƤЬ
ȻǼͣߡ
һʾǸӢ˧ˡ
һֲ嶵һ̣һԲվ
޶˸һѹȸС
Ƥһͷ̡ɢҰϢǵ͵åɰ
͵ͷŶԼŵˣһҲġ
ֽŵЩİͣͬͬ־Ůʽȹûܴġ
ʶԼЩ۾
ôΣյǲҪǣǮҲ
ǡͯҲ˼ۣ£
ҲΪԷ
̯ҪŮʽɴȹСƤĸ˻û
ɶֿ˵ŵĭû˵ɶѽ
ʲôһ飬ûϳԼˣʲôѣ
ձѵģһ䣬ժԼī͸ձѵ·
˿ЩҪѰԴǿһ쵽Щʲô߰ģ
֣
ǰһϤӢ࣬Į
һӳ̯ӣſ˫§סಱӣ࣬ࡣ
öЦϲ񣬿ƲסĶűĸߡ
һʾִ˿жôϲ
ôˣ§Ӳ֣״ΣôңҪҾϲҵ𣿡
ˣҶˡ
˵˵ţս࣬ſߣˣˣ㡣
ࣺ
彥ɣĮ䰵Ű־ϲ˫ۡ
Ƭ̺ŵӦһš
һ֣ﲻʲôֶС
ȴǻԼˡ
ĲԼ뿪ӵ뷨¼顣
һеѰ
ۿˣˮӣһգգĿŻࡣ
ȥء˵û뵽ˡ
֣ԲôԶһˣҲԡ
أ󣬻мӡ
ȫˣ
û¡˫֣סбҪ졣
˵ʲôֶӣԼ
ʲô²µģҪж
Լ
˼ӣûע⣬һӱʲô
ݶ٣ĵڱֵ˵࣬ƶصʮҡ
ֵĵһۣͷûʲô⡣
ڼղɡ
ҵһ̣඼
Զ˺ܾãһֱæµк˲òһ¡
һ¾ˡ
֣
͵͵Ƴۻ࣬ˣüͷֽ
صҿģԲ·
˵ʱֱ׳
վڻ棬ͷӣίƲƲ죺㣬ķҶϲԡ
ֲͣҡΣͰ͵˵ôóԸʲô㣬Ҹоˡ
ζһβ
һ˿ί
ࣺ
Ű˫ۣ޾˼ǵ
һۿɼ
ҡ಻̿⸱ģ̾ܿˡ
°ͷ۵һĨᣬʼն԰Ӳĳ
ǧǻΪһ䣺̫ࡣ
һɣ֪಻ˣЦӯӯؿڣ·ÿ
ǧ⣬ӳ˿˿ĽſҶϲˡ
һʼûϳ࣬û뵽һһֱŸɻ·
ǿǷˣҲܺͽȣֱһѱĹӡ
Ȼƶ˳򷲼H̻
һ˫ٿͦΣת֮ǰȻˡ
ɽɢϢ
ֿ۾ֱˣԾ촽°𽥽࿿
ֻһֻ֣ͻȻסһ㶴ĿŻࡣ
ʲôʶʣզѽ
ʲôͷüͳһ˿ƻ󣬡ʲôأ
ҡָ˵ͻȻƳΧζӰȻѵס졣
͵͵Ĵۣ޷ǼҴҶˣи̯λżƳ
ɫ죬˹˹һûסսࡣ
㡣
ࣺ
һʱһ¹¡
ڵһ˿ƣţϡ
ղžͿͼЩͲסҲܴ֮ͥ¡
Ƕȵα˿
˵ָ꣬ϰգ¡
𣿡˵ɫô죬ȥһºȵˮɡ
ԶԡǿɬԼһڣŻ֣Ϣһ¡
ѻ̯λԼСϣæָ൹ˮӡ
³ɣʣûԷɣǲǶˣ
ΪԼղʧ̬һֱ˵ͣ䶼ǹĻࡣ
û˵ϼ䣬Ҳ˲û໹ûش𣬾Ҫȥ򷹡
ιιιһԵͯ濴ȥڵС֣㷢𣿡
һֱӵģбŰֵǲǵˡ
һɸ֣ҧɫѵĶ
бҲĺÿֲ˵ûһźÿҿ㡣
˵ô˵Ǹͯһ£ûʶ
ͯ档ֿ࣬Ƴͯǻࡣ
á֣ͯһ֣㡣
ˣͯҡͷһ۵ģĴ׹
ָͯŰ֣һĥ˵߶Ҷ䶼Ҫˡ
ߣһۣںͯ˵ʲô
ֻ˫ĿŻࡣ
࿴۰̯ӣֿͯԷæǾ͸ʱһԸ
ǳˡͯˬ˵ȥԵ㣬̯ӣ͡
飬ȥסʵϵİѵһμĻ൱ѡ
ֻǻˣ˸Լһȥס
˭־ȣһΪԼء
ָָ·棬걧һӣվڲԶ
죬յ¶ͷѽզһˣճ˾ѽ
ǸӺȻǱ޶
֣˹Ȼ˵æģҴȥԷס޵¡
۰֣һٹ㡣

ҹɫ¹£Ӱһ
ֱǵĴƻ࣬˵㡣
š͵Ӧţһ
¹⿴ȵ˼Խܿơ
Ŭӭֲһ
ĿЩԹ̫ˣ
Ц㣬㻹ܡ
̵ﹰ˹ܣϹ˵
˵ʣôӵˣ
ɻ󣬲Լѵ£
ˡ˳¡
˼֣߰ԼҪ
²˳㡣
ֶʱˣ֪һԼʲô»ôԶ
Ҫ𣿡ʣҪæ𣿡
ͣƬ̣˼˵Ȼ첻ʲô£ͯʶͦġ
áҡͷʲô¡
ֵһһϣ쳵ŵ㳢ֵĺòóԡ
˵һְԼһʱ䷢£޾ϸĶ߻ࡣ
һصҰҵǮС¥Ǯˡ
ܸɡ۵˵ˡ
뵽һ٣ʱﵽǧǮԸȥȻ
Ǵ絽æµ۵ʮȥЩ֡
Щܡ
ȥ˯ɡ˵л˵
Ѱͻͯңʹӵס硣
ͯ룬Ҳȥǻ໹Ǿܾˡ
ȷʵҪ죬סͯҲ㣬ͬʱҲðΪԼ¡
˯͵ſڣİֵҡ
ߡֲ⣬ҡ첲סʲôǲԸ⡣
кܶ໰Ҫ˵ɫ̫뵽һ𳵡
ҲҪϢ
ֻܲʲԸ˵ȥɨӣķȥס
šҲ᲻ãʱ̫ˣֻӲĵȥ˵
л˵
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ


55 
ææµµһȥƵƵ̽ͷĴһҲûǵ
ææµµһȥ, ƵƵ̽ͷĴһҲûǵϤӰ
ƲƲ죺һҲûӰôæ
Թ, ҲԼһ˿, ΪǮ˶һӡ
ˡͯ濴, ģЦôһԹƵģæ͹ˡ
㶮ʲôֲô˵Լһ۵Ҳǵ
ȥϣҪȥжܡ
һ࣬鲻ʱüͷһ, ǲǰ
˲ʺ⡣
ֵһ, ֿҲû, Ҳ֪ô
ٳٲ, Ҳûطȥֻż
ˡü, һǣҲ֪ԷûС
㻹ǱءͯһۣԼտյĶӣǻûء
Ъ, ȥ򷹡
ͯ˵Ҫߣ϶ʱ䣬ǵץѷˡ
æ
иϻ𳵵ġվģϳ, ΧһȺˡ
æûʱԷ
ȥȥɡİڰ, Զһ, ҶûųԶٷ
ԽԽ
ҪֳɵϢһ죬ҵˡ
һͯҲû˵վڶû
Ҳûȥ򷹵˼
̧ͷͿͯʹɫһתͷͿվ̯λǰ档
ȥˣּæǵ˵ôŹҶˡ
ȳԷࣺ߳Ա˵
˷˵ԲȥԸߦ档
Լõ֭кõĻƹ˿Ӷĩһֻռ
һ룬ݸԣϲϿζ
һóԡֲȳԣȿˣϲķˡ
Цݲãһ㣬Ż᲻ƿۡ
԰ɡָһȣȻ˵꣬˵
˱ѽһ𣬴Ŵζզֵܰһ氡
ΰЦеĿŰ̧֣һ£Աߵͯ档
λֵܿءΰҿ۰Ͱ͵ģˣ̫
֣
ͯ棺
಻бۿǸʲôģǷϵģ
СΰͶֵͯܣ档
òáͯϽ֣ԼԼ
ֻǿŻһֱź֣һûв˼·Ӧ˵ģ
ͯЩ𾪣һʱûع۰Ͱ͵Ŀ޼䡣
ûԼкԼԷ
ķɺóˡֿͯԼЩ⣬˾֪ˡ
˵Ż۾ȴǲʱΰſǴӵˡ
ֻûѡ
û̫⣬һ棬ЦеĿŻࡣ
˵óԡ
ǾͶԵ㡣ѾѷʰˣģҲȥס
ô죿ֵɴ۾ȵʣûȥϣʰȥˣ
ˡ˵˶࣬ʱ̯ˣȥʰķӡ
ϴһϣϲгſж˴복ڰٻ̳·ڸҸطжʣµϡ
ֳˣĵطûʱ
һȫꡣ
ʡǡΰ̾͸Ƶģ˴ˡ
ǮһƤֱ˵ô죬æʣа˵𣿲Ϊ˿죬˰ɣ
˲ϳԷˡ
ʡǶ󣬺һϣʱһ֡
ʡһǰ˷֡
Ͽ硣ֵ˲ٵĤ˿ɾͿˡ
Цã˵զ
ɵۣԼû壬ȷһ飺Ǯ
һءΰһզ࣬һ»˵ģ˵㻹ˣ
һһ㶣ӦӦòǴӻˡ
λֵֿ࣬һΪǴӵˣզһѽ
˼ϡΰЦҪ˵һﶼᵱҲڡ
ͯ棬٩ֵܣһѽ
ͯͷԷһ£ãȻ̧ͷ
ﻹŰ
ΰɵ㶵ģʱЦһ˼ûС
ˡɨһۣ֣ǽһ¡
ΰѣӹξĳϡ
֡ͯ¿ӣͺΰ֣ʶˡ
ǲÿΰһӣð£Ҷûôི߳Ա˵С
ΰݸ߸ʮ꣬һ˵ЦԸܺá
̬ȴǴһģ
ֵͷԷ֪զѣűӦò
ΰЦ⣬ֺͯĵͷԷоЦ
һһСãһͷࡣ
ûĻˡ
Ƴۻ࣬û˵˼ǵֵܣǻ֪һﵱͶͷӰɣ
ΰ첲ڻϣһ˵˭Ҳֻķݡ
һۣĵʵš
֡ݡ̧ͷĿźΰͶͷӣ
ֿ࣬ʣȿڡ
͵˵˵
ͣƬ̣԰һ˫̽Ѱ۾ֵ䣬شһЩ
ŶֵͷͶˣҲͶѡ
Щ궼
ûʲô¶ûУ־Ͷܶ˶ôɹ
һ㲻ϡ档
Ǯ𱻺ΰƫ⣬˫ʣȫˣ
Цҿ˵Ĥȱֵʮ죬üǮ
Ӧһţˡ
ѰԴ¶һЦ⣬İɣϡΪǮļ۸ߡ
ķġЦۣҪ»֣쵽·תϣ˵ϡΪ󣬼۸һҲ򡣡
šʾϽԷԣ㡣
ʲô£һ߳һ˵㵹ʰһ
һ죬׵ȵ࣬ôҲ޷һĳԷ
˵
ӵ¡˵ôҿһ͵ڶҲء
¡üһصֱʨӴſڣ˭ԸôߵļǮ
ǲ򡣡
һƬķۣǵĸߣҲû̫ס
߰ǧǮ
ңھһһӡ
־ûˡ
ӣԼãһԩͷ
һ֮£ԱǼңмĵ͵߻
۸񻹲ףǰǧģֻ۵ĲС
Ҫǵصȷʵãڰٻ̵·ĺʹ·һ
ΪͶǮҲ
ǰȻû뵽ԩͷڣ͸Ըԩͷ
򡣡Լ࣬
ɶִĿͻȻ̧Ż䣬˵ɶ򣿡
һ̣Ա߻ˣ۾Ѿΰͯ档
ֻ˽ѵࣺһһû
ַҲˣһŻ䣬һס°͡
˫ӣһ˵ˣֱӷһҲҪ򣿡
򡣡˵㻹Ǯ𣿡
֣
ͻȻǱƵƤһйˣɿ˫һۡ
Уһ㡣
л˵
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ


56 
Ǯ
˵ȫ㡣
Կ, ׺ݵҧڼȣ漴۾
óԡЦе˵þûôˡ
ۻ࣬۽üҶЦ, صͷ
ʲôʲô, ر󷽵˵Ǯ, 㻨᲻á
ࣺ
ᣬüԼ䣬ѰղŸʲô
ۡһͱסšˡ
𣿡ָϽ¿ӣս˿ûʹ
ָ, һ۵ģ, Ϊյ˵զ, Ҳ˵
ָղֻż, Ҫͷֲõű淴
Żһ¡
ʵûþ, ȫǸӣֻһ㡣
û¡֣һĨЦô, ס
Ƕһ°֣һЩĪҪʾһ㡣
Ժ˵ֻǿ䣬ҼֵҲǹ, ЦͿЦ, Ҫʲôְ
ΰ
Ŀɿڴ, Ǳһղһ׺ݺ޲õƵġ
ת۾۵Ǹ
ΰҲû˭ˡ
࣬ЦЩֻ˵һ䣺Ҳн찡
飬ΰ֪Ǳ𿪿ΪܸԼҲڡ
ֿ֣̫ϤЩЦá
Ǻΰͷڹ꣬һ̬սװûû
ĬĿ֡
Ȼûľֱӿʣ֣զֲˣ
ͯЩƣҪԼ˵Ҫ򣬰һ˵ԩͷ
ԼҲôΪ
ʲôƮƮĿһۣ˵Ƕ໨Ǯֲǻ𡣡
ӣֲǶ£бҪ
ǿֱӷһͯ治ţǿɵһ֣ȥĵط
ĵʣûôǮ
˵ʱ䣬һֱоӵ£ƾŶ˽⡣
ҲӦ
ͯĿۻ࣬ﰵֹղһв׺ݵľǰӦ
ɵɵզ̨أ
Ǯͷã㲻֪𣿡
۾ɵԲŰʾͯ˵
Ƕ໨㡣ü˵ˣ¶
ûҪʲôԼЩԵĴģԸҪ
ֲ֪жۣ޲ðһжǰ
õĶ
ǰӷ̫Ϊֵ򣬵ֻҪϲҪ
Ǻɵͬ⡣
˺ˡְڰ֣һ˵˵ģǮҸˣϣܻǮԼһ㡣
ְ̧Ļ࣬û£㾡ܻٶû¡
°ͣһ˵ܿ͸
ͯ棺
аɣ
ԼԸ⣬ôʲô
㡣ͯҡͷзڣԺҲһ
ΰЦеĿţͣ޲øĴָ
Ը̣ģ־۹⣡
ĮЩ
ԽԽᡣ
Ƕ໨һ㡣ܿ׻
ʰ֣˵󳵵𣿡
˵㿪󳵵꣬ⷿӺ͵ص㶼ʡ
ΪǮô࣬һȦ
еȫۣ粻Լǵ뷨ֻðԸ
Ǯ˵ǾҸȵ⣬ôۡ
󳵵꣬Ƚʺ㡣
ڳסޣҪţҪûиûطա
Щдɲ˭סȥһı׼ͽӴΧенҲӴ
ǮΡ
Ÿĸ￪ţ˾øգԱԽԽࡣ
ЩҪסĵط
رڵĽͨߣ¿ЩȽ϶࣬ǲŵط
ǰд󳵵꣬ǽˣһ
㣿꣬ܲζզԼ
û뵽ҪΪԼָж
Լûһʱ֧
Լʲô˵Һܺã롣
۰֣ô࣬Ǯкܶ취һҪ̯
ҡ۾е죬ĿŻ࣬ûҪȥ
ûѻ¡
ΪǮʱ˹̶⡣
զȥڻߡ
һҪشءֵͷƵ˵˴󳵵꣬һզȥ
ҲҪ
һȻһĲס
ð˵㿴ţͼˣż¹˾С
ֶʱˣϲЦտصãġ
ס֣㿴ҶܣԶһˣҪΪҲĴ㡣
Ȼû˵˭ף𿴹Ĺ
ҪΪԼһˣǵǮ
û¡֣ƵصҲţԸ㡣
ô࣬ǮǺ¡
Ϊ˿ٰ֣Ҹȶ
û뵽ҪȥһʱЩ
Լ̫ˡ
ԡ࿴룬ߴֵٰ涼ˡ
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û˵ֱӶͳԣڰʣµԹ⡣
ʣµһҲˡ
˺ΰͯ档
ǲĿŻֳ࣬ԾֵȻ⵽ǹϵõʲô̶ȣ
Żľٶ
ȿȡΰʵ̲סˢһ´ڸУⲻ
˵̲סһȣֵܣ磬Ҳ£
лNɪƤûһ仰ȥǶһ
ôһΰһҭǵסƤ񣬡Ͼܿһһѽ
翴⡣
ΰĽּʣƤ絽ڻûȢϱأͰ£
֡͡Цװ
ʱֱͦ壬ֻС
ֻΪԼ
Ȼһ̻˵ˣĿڳ˵ģΪÿզأ
ΰ
ۣȭͷԻһ£ʾԼĲ
ֵܡΰ죬߷ߵ˵ɫѣҲܵŵز
ͯʵ̲סЦ̫˼ˣ
ЦͬЦòеİ֣úÿִǿ۽ˡ
죬ǿЦ⣬ĿŻࡣ
⣬ȴǱŲǣЦء
ʱ޶ͻȻܹﺰţְְ֣֡
౧סˣ
ûС޶ҡͷ۾֣壬ȥ
ָŻվ㳡иˮأˮˮ
СְЦһȥ
һ˵һ߿ű޶һˣһģֶʮˡ
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˻Ц泵ģҹŵ
࿴ǣʣ۲ۣҪ۾ͻȥϢ۾Լȥ
۵ǲۡ˻˵ѾһȦˣҲûʲôÿġ
ǻûʱ򡣡˵һ㳡ģǶһɣͦ˼ġ
ԡΰͻȻվЦ˹ƣǿû
ҿǻ˭Ҫѧҽǡ
ȥ࿴һۣûҲЩ̽ǡ
СΰӦζؿۻ࣬ģҴȥһٸǻȥ
ŪˣԼңɡ
˵Ҫ޶סҴһڿңͻޱӡ
ΰҡͷЦһ⣬ֵܲ㣬ӵӷ
˵ƨˣѻ˻Լ˴ߣֲһ졣
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Ŀͯ棬ûעԼתͷƲÿߵ
ࣺ
﷢촽˶ֿһĴںˮͯ档
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ҵåֻһˣ̽ͷսֵأҲֻһ𣿡
֣
࣬ʶͯ棬һãȻĿԼ
ֶʱе׺䶥ˡ
ץˡ
ﾽȵҪȸԾ֣͵͵̸ĿС
˵취ҲѾһĿͯ棬ǣб
۱޶Ҷԡ
ͯһ£漴֪ȥ򡣡
Դµģܸоﲻԣץסת˲ŵĸо
ʶ뿪룬ͯŵתߡ
ֿĶӵıӰЦԹؿۻࡣ
ɵĺ£ˡ
ЦֻĿŰ֣ȵΡ
Ǳһ£ߵĶⶼˣͷӡ
ǰ಻ס˼С˵ȥס
ȥķסѹлȣɤЩƵΰˣʱҾͺͱ޶һݡ
ֶʱףҪͺΰһסԼȥʡ
죿ֿѯʣȥ𣿡
ͺΰԼȥ˵£һҪϹ
ʲôѽֺ棬û뵽£漴ί㲻רҵģ
ȷʵרֱ̡ӵͷЩ߰˵С£ͶұԳ档
ˣЦ۾Ǹˡ
ʲôѽ
һС¡˼Ƭֵ̺ߺΰҾȥ졣
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תưעô󳵵Ұ㿪ٻȥ
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˵ԼԽ
Ƕ໨Ǯ룺ûΪԼģĴΪԼ
л˵
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ


57 
֡
ͯһ̯, һ߾ʣϳʱҿǵĵһҲӣ˵
ͣﶯ, ˵Ҿû˵ĺܶ, ҷݰȵ
ǳ̯װ, Ĳ٣иηꡢѩ
Ͳ̯ܳ
رǻҪȥϻһ߾Ǽ죬̯λ
Ҫռط
㲻ˡͯ˵ʣԼҲɣȥϻſ̯ĶûС
šˣǸ⣬ǵ, ܸʲô, 
Сͯʱ,ҾҲʺװ, ģҪû˶Ǯ
֪֮, ͷԲֲ˵ġ
װִԼ
ʵڲСͯһѰʲôɣҿͦȥ·, ҲС
ǿһһϡЦĻˣ
е㡣ͯ桸ٺ١Цţ˼ԴоһЩֲ̫ԶĴѰԴ
ֻҪȥ¾С
ֱֿ,˵, Ȼȥɡ
šͯѶװֳ, ȥ˵ʵ̯Ҳûʲô£ǵ㡣
Ҫȥӣʲôģһȥ
ô˵ҲУַǼУ̯ؼҡ
ٹС
˵Է˵óʱ䣬Ϣһ졣
ͯ棺
ֱۣﵽ㣺ô˼˵⻰
СжҪҲϢһ죿
˭Ϣһ죬ͼ˯ͯʵûסϢϻҪ
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Ҫƴһ
ֱͯͬʱֲ䣬˼ֱȥ
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ڵһͬ³Ȼȥɣȥǣֱȥһ¡
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šֵͷֵأ˵ɣ
ת߽ͬ·棬Ż˵󳵵¡
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š鲻һģ˵Ҿȥ˳ǣҪС¥
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Ҫ˭ұԼߣѹһ˵ҲҪˮ
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˵תߣ˳ȥ̾һˣʴ󳵵ִҪô졣
Ҹһȥ˵֪һЩִյ̡

˭ҲҪ
һˬ˵Ҫˣ͸С
лˡΰЦ°˵ͬʱҲףһ£˳Ѵ󳵵꿪Լϰ塣
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ǡǡͯſڽ࣬û뵽ô󣬡ǿðɡ
˵꣬Ժһ뷨һǮĻ١
ԼЩ뷨ڻǰСƣֵһᡣ
ͯԼĵߣ⣬ܺƤİ
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˵һԻ಻صզͲܰ⣿ҶĿҪˡ
ûɫֱӲصҿĿöˣǰƨɵá
ۡ

ǼЦ⻰˵ģһ˶ܲˡ
ǿΰֻһν˵Ĳһ
ڲĵ˵ҲܣҵűðæҾͰӱߡ
ϡ
ײͷˣЩ˵Ҫҽϵǰɣ
һƣںΰϣͻȻ˳¶һ˿Ц
Լʲôⲻʲôģˡ
ΰ
ɥڵᣬ߻ռôӡ
࿴һ⣬ͻһЩ͵ֻͶʷֵǮķ
ΰӻϲ˩ĳطϲ߹䡣
Բѡ䳵ӵĹ
ĽҺΰϵףǸ˻䳵ӡΪֱӰϳš
֣
ֵͰ
ΰյǾĿ⣬Եֵ˫ֱȭ˵øλЦˡ
ҡͷԵ˵˾ϲڣԸ⵽Ĵ߿޾һӵ׷󡣡
ָѧҲ˫ֱȭ磬
ҵİͯ˫һ־ͬϵ֪㣬ϧû
ʲôˣʲôػܰôõĹġ
ˡۿ˵ûûˣòѵ԰ɣ˶Ҫˡ
һæԶԶԣǳԷ绹Ҫء


58 
ҹ籩꡸žž죬ô
ڻ໳ȵ̡
ҹ, 籩꡸žž죬ô
ڻ໳ȵŴ޾ů, ر
ߺΰ, ɫëëϸ, ־ûг̯
ϣƱ磬˳סڻ
ˣŰ̷ֶһֱ˵˯ɡ
ûһ£Դؿڲ˲䣬ء
Ҹʲô͵Ц, 𶯲Ű,ţ˵ѽ
ˡ, Ҫ,֪ʡ
ֻû£ͱס, ͽʡ
Ĵ󱳣գԼǵ˵
ֲ
ššֺܿ촭˼ʾſ
ôſ, ŵ٩ôܲˣ
ִڴϢƽһЩִ̧µǵ˵, û˵
ŶЦһ, ͷֶͷ,ԭˡ
̾Ϣԭ㲻ϲ
Ļû˵꣬룬бĵصĨʧ䡣
֣
ɶ˼
ˡҪ˵ʲôֻʾǣֲ׳棬֪ʲô
ͣһ£̾ΪһҪҺ׽أ
գƺ޾źû׽
ĵζ
ҡԥһ£§סЩȵ˵ûˡ
ǣҡЩֲͣ˼˵ԼҲڴֻܸɰͰ͵˵˵˵ˡ
ɬô᲻ϲͻȡ
ֻ⻰ĺ˼˵ڡ
ֵ͵Цоֵľȡ
̴á
·Ʋ񷣬һɨǰڰ޾ů
ǰԼģ
šѰ§Ǽ⣬֪ˡ
һ̣˾ģֻҪֲ뿪
಻ԥ
ᴧ֣ʱ޿̲Ƿ֣·
ˡҪڴӶӣǾһ𡣡
һ˫֣ḧֺ󱳣һǰƵġ
һ𡣡
֣
޶˵һʦͨ˻˼ҪԼ
ɶһ
ѽӣͷڻؿڣϹ˵ʲôأĪ
˿ûǣԼ̬ȣҶ˵Ҫȥô˵⻰
Ժ󶼲˵ˡ
˵ţĴһ£Ĳ̫ء

գպڳģ籩ͣ
ɫһ꣬Īѹ֡
˯ߵ˻ڱﲻ춯
֪Ѿ÷ˡ
Ƿ֪Լȥˡ
ˣڵٶһ
ˡҡҡͷԻЦЦ˯ˡ
ǽԷɡﶯӿ죬ѱϾͺá
ӷˡ˵ԺݳԷ
ûĸԷһҲûʲô
ЩûҪô
㡣ֲÿɷ񣬴ЬµأôС
ϴ꣬һһӵ˶ڵ
ǳ԰ֵõҡ
塣޶ڻߣԼԱλã
áߣЦű޶
Сһܿģ׾СЦ仨Ƶģתͷ
࣬ٿ֣Цü䡣
һķ֡ͱ޶һࡣ
˻ԡӺʯͷڶǲ࣬μ
˴֮һԽĺ蹵
ԷŻһ䣬˻ǲӣ뿪ʼԷ
ȻоֵֹģҲû룬Ϊǳէ
ԼϤɡ
ֻǱ޶һ߳Էһ߻СԴЦ۾Ǹ̵ģ
˿̿
޶˻ʮ꣬ϲŪСʵզôˣЦһˡ
ѽ޶СԴ˵ְ֡趼ˡ
С֣»˵Ұְ֡
漴°֣Це˵衣
ȿȿȡһڷȥǺһԼˡ
ȵˮݸһˮƹ޶ĺ󱳣ԡ
ɫͨ죬յĲȥ˻ǣֻܵŻ಻˵
һƵᣬû޶˵Ǿ仰ֻܰĥ
۾ĬĬ²ۣôô򶨣һûƵģ
Ƥö񰡣
ǡ˻˰죬ɵԼ䣬޶˵ɶ
ɶ裿
޶զ裬Ű˵ɶ˼ѽ
ӿһۣһֵ˵壬˵ͬ־衣
ⶼûж౳ѽ
ʯͷٺ١һЦҲԻ˻˵޶С壬Ҫˡ
۰֣һ˫۾һתЦһڴ
˵Ҫаͬ־裬ҲˡʯͷЦе˵ĶÿƢãѡҲҪ衣
ջ׷Ҵ򣬺öˣ
֣
һ飬ⶼʲôʲôѽ
ѵص
Ŀ࣬ȴһЦ⡣
Լ
ͷȶȲӣֲ˼
Ļûпڷ񶨣˼޶Լˣ
ԼˣӺɷôܱѽ
ˡ࿪ڵԷһء
ָϽ룬Ҫһҹȥ̫ˡ
û뵽޶Ż˻ԣһָŰ֣С֣ص˵裬衣
˵ĺôҪǾͶ˵顣
֣
ֱ
ôûûˣԽҽӲ磬޶Խ
Сһֱ첲
һľⲻ˵Ҳʵͷϡ
˻ڷӦһȦ˶ͷԷ
ֻб޶һֱԼš
֪ԼǷǳ£ֻӲһĨЦ
Զԡ˻ͷ˵裬޶и裬øˡ
Ŀۻֿ֣࣬ǸûԼ
æͷڳԷ
˻ɿڰû˼Ҳû
ԸԼӹһ١
˭֪һ̲סȥ֣ɡٺ١ɵЦ
˵˻̲סǷŰ˵޶ѡһӾҸ衣
ü续ģ忡ʱʱһĨЦ⡣
žĿ
ڻ˻Ҫеѡ˭Ҫ衣
˻Բ̾Ϣͬ־ҪǸŮӶãǾʵˣ
һ¹ȥˣ
˵ʲôĻƳۻࡣ
ȿȡֿԼԻʹɫʾܹܡ
ֻǻ໹ûڣȴǵۻ˻ԣ壬еӣʲô˵
۰֣ðͬ־಻˼ѽ
ǡʯͷЦǺǵ˵ǽУҲǽаְ֡
ɿܽҹȥˣСﵹǲ
˳Ķͦÿ
Ũüۣĸߴ˶źء
ʯͷò㣬˱ͦݣԸ˵
˻Ա˵ڨڨ԰ֲ˼ЦЦͬ־û˼
Ƕ
ֵصͷһƽ˵û£֪޶˼
޶ϧֻǰҵһˣֻǲˡ
ͣһ£촽˶ŵСô˵ɣֻҪľС
ʱˣС֪ˡ
޶ԴСһ£ԺҽУ֪𣿡
޶С죬ЩίǶ˵ġ
һͷ˽໳ʴſǻһεε
޶û裬ֻаְ֡
ءţСһһأһӡ
˵˵Ҫ衭Ұ塭嵱衣
޶ۡޣְֲãҾͲҪˡ
Ż࣬˻ߵؿ޵ֻҪְ֣Ҫˡ
һѰ§󱳣ʲôְû˵Ҫ
ᣬҲ޷˵޶Ļ᳤ܻ
Ժʲôס
ƭһʱƭһ޷Ū¡
ˡ޶аְ֣ңⲻһ𣿡
㿴ʲôȱ١
˻Ҳһĺ屦޶ﶼϧ
СвҪġ
ʲôҲǿаְ裬Ҳʡ
ҲҪԼ衣
ˡű޶ţ˵嵱ⲻˡ
Ҳϲ㣬ѱ޶Լĺӣ׵һˡ
̧򢣬뱦޶ӣʵ㲻Ҫ嵱ˣ
޶
С첻˵һһģ۶ˮ
ر
Ŷؿڣһܵ˵޶ϲˣѽ
á޶˸ãĿŰֱ֣ϡ
ϲˣʣ嵱ˣ
㿴ָŰ֣˵ˡ
롣޶һԴ໳Ƶ˵ϲ壬ϲ衣
ɿںˣ౦޶СԴҲϲ޶ԺǾһˣɲٿˡ
౧ű޶԰˵ȳԷҺһһٳԡ
һٷԵģͣͣЪЪͣˡ
˭Ҳ˵
׷׼ӿٶȣܿ緹꣬ȳʰá
࿴⣬ǺڳһƬûס
Ҳû£ǵһʱ²ˣʱ䣬ȥ°ˡ
˵ֿ꣬۰֣ڼңһȥ
ֻû˵Ϳ˻Լˢˢɴ۾һŵĿŻࡣ
оĪôһı飬ѵǸղԼͻ¶ˡ
ǲԼͻĹϵ
뵽ĪЩţ۰Ͱ͵ĿŻࡣ
ûҿڡ
ȥ𣿡һ䣬ǰ£ҪǸȤȥҲС
˵꿴˻ǣԼˣǽʲô
ŶŶ˻ˣصͷ˵㡣
ɫ죬Ȼ뷨ǸãȻ
ָо֣һ̲ס档
Ҫǲǰ£Ҿһȥÿ԰ſ޶


59 
ʪɵգӭ洵һĨ硣
ӣɸ̾һ
ʪ, ɵգӭ洵һĨ硣
ӣɸ̾һ䣺
ˣ࿴, ̧Ҫ·, üǲˣ
ϴų·, 죬Ҳе
ûСҡͷס·Ķϱ紵һ¡
оһ˿˿⡣
һ࣬üͷȻĿЩɡ
û¡ֿԼģ¶Ц,һܺŪ㡣
Ի̬, ˵, Ҿ͸㡣
šӦһ, ûپᣬһϳûˡ
һҹ, ʪĸо·ֲҶƬϡ
һε䲻侧Ө͸顣
٣һƬž
߳ͬ, չֽǣʮ׾͵·ϡ
ͣסŲ˻ԣ
˻ָб, ͣż⳵,Щ
һ, Ͻ˵⳵󣬻ͳɡ
תͷĶӺʯͷԻ˵һ£ûҪ˷ôǮ
࿴ɵͷУǾͳ
漴ֿ˻ԣȥˣֱӵλ
˻ûгɣֱӵͷţġ
̬̹Ȼûһ˿ԥۻô
ᷴԡ
վߣĬƬ̺ȻѾ˾ȥʵá
ѾעȥҲǰ׷ʱ䣬಻Ǹĥߴˡ
ֻ˻һڵĻᡣ
塣˻̧ĨȫǼᶨɫôˣҪܸııˣǾȥһҲ˷ѹ򡣡
ʲôס
˻ԸмĿۻ֪࣬Ϊչ飬ǼѾҵ£ǾͲڡ
ֻ޲̽һ˿һԷᡣ
û˹Ĺεļң
ܺá͵Ŀһۣ϶˵ϣ˭Ƿǵľû
ЩֲõŻ˻Եʣֻܰż
˫һ飬κ˶ܿ˿̰צļ͵顣
࿴ſͳûһĨЦ⣬԰˵˻Լ£ҪԸ㣬
֣
Թĵۻ࣬ôô˵㶼˵Ǳ˼¡
ѵʵ˻ǰ
ûʲô˵ġ˻Եǲ⣬Цӯӯ˵˵ҳ󲻿ǰͬ־ڸҲһˡ
ɵȻֹûˡ
¶ܲ룬ҿɲһУǻЩˡ
ûԹ۶ܡ
˻˵Ϊĵܻҫ顣
ĵܴСȫ֮飬ȴڱҵμӹ֮
Ҳûعҡ
ԼﲻŲʣȢִ£Ҳû߹ˡ
˻ԼԽԽʧҲûӣȥ˻ĸز
ͻȻټСӡ
Ϊû֪ҫȷϢǼĴ˴
ҵַ
ȥʯ󺣣ҫӦûУԼĸһҪ
޶ԡ
˻ĸ߶ԼʲôȻôһǡ
˻ԸһӲಡһ֮á
ǰʱͻȻͨҵҪͷӣҪͻҫϾ顣
Ұ˵˻ĨУҪǲѵһӣԺ󵽵ûڡ
֣
ͬĿۻ˻ԣΪҫΪӣȷʵǸýѵ
Ӧͽѵ
˻Ծ͵˶ʮֱ꣬˷ʱ䣬ôһ
ң˿ôꡣ
ǡ룬ȻЩƽֱԲ˵ѵһ˵ʹһ죬пܻ˵˼ңҫһ١
˷̾Ϣգգһ˫۾ָ˵˵䣬ҲǲʹֲΥ¡
ѣҲ鷳Ƕİ취ɡ
ҧ촽峺ӴŽǷݼ龢ഺ
˻ûж룬εĿ⿴Ż࣬ǻ壬ǩ¶顣
˭³尡ֲΪ⣬üʵΪҫͲԺҲ
ʲô²˽⣬Ҳ֪ڲһס
ͱƳˡ
־ãţȡ衣
ǸҫѼ˵Ļᡣ
أͻȻڣЦЦĿŰ˵ҪҪǴģ
ģһ漴Цصͷðʹģ²ǡ
ҪǱ۸ˣҿǰﲻæǰ˵ķ졣
ֽһظЩ緢˵ҿ뵽⣬԰Ӵ
Цݲã°ͣ͵Ȼʲô⡣
ǰ첻ˡЦЦζ˵⣬ڻҪʲôעɡ
עü˼ð죬ŲʵıֻҪӦңԺʱߣ¾С
㻹ôᡣֿ۾ɫ˵Ѵ껪ķˣӴһ˽෱
ֻżҲð
ࣺ
ɫûһ仯ֻڰ˵һʱĿһۡ
ĬƬ̺ŵãӦˡ
ͣһ£漴˵ҪҲֻ࣬ϣȥһط
ģϲû뵽̴ӦУҶȥ
ˡûش𣬿ʻĿͳ˵ȥ¡

֯֡
ֿĵط߶һ䣺ҫϰࡣ
ǡڷ֯Ǹȥϼ쵼
˵Щ飬û涨¹£λȨ
֣
˷ܵĿŻ࣬˵Ϭ
Ҳ˼һҫ۲ʲôҪǵλ쵼С
ֻǡ
֣طˣӦȥ֯ǳ
ô쵼˭ѽ
һϱ˵ԽһǴ򷢵ҳ⴦
ѾüЦʰ֣Ϊ׹𣿡
ǹϵá˵ҲͷǴֻǵȣϱ
ǵ˵¡
лԹվڱ˴˶棬Ҳ˺¡
ȴк˵쵼û£һȥ֯ҳʱ޷ˡ
˵ִ꣬֯ţӣǰѴֱϡ
ָŴţϣý˶
ָ߻˻ԣҲһݣҽȥڹʾˣôҶ˽˽˻ԡ
͡ЦˣһĿŻ࣬ԭ㻹׼
ĴָԵ̾
ǰֻǾְѵϿˣá
û¡൭һЦü֪˹ҪֱӦ
һĹ򣬰־ͿѾˣʯͷԱߵǽһݶ
ۿּæֹ࣬ˡ
š߹ȥվǰͬ־ֳ𣿡
ĸֳʣģ
СͳţݸĸֳԣǶڣһ쵼ҲС
üŻû˵ĿĴֱ
뿴дʲô
ֻ֪ڲʱԼҪ취
ֹȥ
һۣȴðֿӷ֯Ժˣæܹȥ
ͬ־ǵȵȡ
ֺסǣЦӯӯʣʣǷֹ֯Ա𣿡
ˣһʮ꣬űͦİ׳£ģǸɲ
һʮ꣬һں棬첲һİ
ǡʮˣǰһȻشȻֵ£ȵǼǡ
ŶЦЦһָ̧ŴŵǶǿԿǲǹǹܡ
Ҫ
Կ֡
ּ룬¹Ƿ֣֯λΪ˾ҲӦÿ
˭ȥģʮüĴֱߵ˵ȥô£
ֿ֣һͬ˵¾ͷӦʲôֱΪͲᳫɡ
ʼ磬һ޹ҡͷѽ
ֻǿһۡ˵Ƿ֯йأһ¡
㲻Ը⿴Խѽ
˵תߣֻҪ˿Ͳֿǿһ
ȥһžˡ
̵룺취á
յԼͷﰵ룺Լզû뵽أ
ߵߣں˵Ѱ˼զûȥ˼
ȥɡſڿſ½ˣмڿĴֱżʲô£ȥ
˼˵ĸ쵼òá
˭˭ͷ˵£㲻֪˭Ϲʲô
ðɡֱתѻı޶ݸ֣Ƚȥ
ЦеĶգգۣСѾкȥˡ
ִЦЦ±޶Դǵš
Ż˻ߣ߼ͣ£תͷ԰˵ҪǽȥҲùܣݴֱ
л˵
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ


60 
ʲô
ͻȻһ, ѰһæĻı޶, û¡
һת, ͿղǸ, һŭݵк
ȥüͷһ˵ǼͥìܣȻֱⲻ
һˣαôݶ
Ͻֱķʹ
ǰЩж, Ϊֱ亦, ̡
ֲ֮硣
˵˭ݶأֵ, һ߷߲ƽ,ⲻȷû˭
һĻʱ, ղŴֱϵݡ
Ҳˡ
ֻ˵ıʷǳãдϸɿ飬վµĴϡ
رһ䣺ܼĸһ棬ʵ֮
Ϊ, ˴ûìܣûʵ˺
ֻƶɵĶԼͥġ
ǻҫԭӦ˸𣬲ܹڸĸһ
˭, , һֱָʣģ
ҡֺη, ˵֪ʵ
ôַʣŷ˵ʵüָ
ǿֹһ㶣漴Ȼ˵ǲִķʽⲻҪ˻𣿡
ǻֱ׳ĳϣ˵֪˵ܻѪǸصصİǡ
鷨û취ܣڵӦָҲӦܵǿǴ
Ϊûʲôԡ
㣿Űֺģܻ˵ôҫʲô𣿡
ֶʧ䡣
СֲɱֿڣԸʲôֻ֪˾͸öĥҫĹεˣôΪ
ҡͻȻЦˣŷʵַãָ̡
Ǵһһ٣֮
⡭û˵ַȡûһʵ塣
˷ߣ˵ǿطصµߡ
ֵٶҲû취
ֱԣʮ궼ˣԸһʶĸԸֻһ档
޶ԣ˸ɵ£
һᡣɫͲ٣򲻻
ߡЩ̬ᷳȣһ͵˵ɶ᣿ûпûκȡۡ
˵ɶ᣿
ִ֯ſڣвˣֱΧ
ͰֵĶԻ
ʼ˽۴ֱдĿŶȣһԻ
ֹͣ۾վһԡ
һʱЩŶŵİˣ޶˱ѹ֡
޶ͻȻָŷ磬Բ峺Ĵ۾ˣ򡣡
תͷգǰ˵ְֳ
šָղе޶һЦŵͷ˵ԣǵȰְֳ
򷽳˵ǷֱȻйϡ
˵иҽĹ򣬲Լȥ֤ʵ˵
㵽˭ʣʲôϵ
һӵġ˵ûƾʵݣҲǧңңʱʮ˭
ָֻΪĸףѾȥĸס
˵ʣǲˡ
˵ֵ꣬˵ֱԣôǻʲô취¹֮ڣ
˵ĺ棬ûһתȻ˵Ҫܵͷʲôԣ
û취˵ԣͷۣô¡
˿Ҳ侲ղűֱ̼Щϸ˼һ¡
ðȷʵûиõİ취
˵ֿ˵վڶüͷʵô죿
ʵ˵Ůô죿
һ룬е㲻ˣʱĿڡ
Ƿʲôˣǽεľֳḻ
ôῴ˵ʲô
Ӱ첻á쵼е⣬˫Э̽
ǾѣҲòʲôôûҪô󡣡
ʲôҲҪ˵ڽѾõλϡ
Ͽҵ˵Ͼǲֻ֣ƽİ
ЩЩ죬ȴһ
ִǽ֪á
ָŴֱ˵˰ɣӰ첻á
ֿ۴ֱֿվڴֱԱߵĶӺʯͷҡҡͷ˵Ȳܽңû˳洦
Ҫ쵼ͬ⣬ŻҫǼ棬˫С
磺
֪Ǳ쵼ͷ˳ٰѻҫΪֵ˾֪
ò˵õķܳ˳
ȥ֯ΣҲӲǵһԹȥ⴦
˵תߣٲ˵һ䣬ֻϣ½
򴫵˾֪Էֺ֯ͷ֯ɶӰ죬쵼֪
˭Ҳ䲻ãҪرǻҫҪܴ֡
ֿˣƲƲ㣺ܻӰ죬Ǿ¡

㣬׼ʱ֯ͼڷߵǸվڴſڵǡ
漴ͼһ㶣Ȼ߹ЦݲõĿࡣ
ࡣЦǰ֣еĻ򣬡û뵽ܼ㡣
ȷʵЦЦ˵һ꣬û뵽мĻᡣ
һпֲ֪꣬Ǵѧͬѧ
ϵĶǹũѧ
ȻҲԼǹ£ᵽҫ
˵˱˴֮Ĺϵ
߰ɡ꣬˼Ƭֳ̺ڻҵء
߻࣬ǰһСʱҫ˵һЩǵĻ
û¡˵¶Խһ֣ҲҪʲô
šͷɫЩΪѣ˵ҫбϱͦ
ֻ࣬ôˡ
лˡЦѣǰҴæ
漴̾һ䣺û뵽ڷֹ֯һм
ǻҲûôѾףڲǵһսԡ
ǵңһȥͼ̸Ц
칫Բγżӣλŷֳ
һʮͷ΢ЩЦеĿͦ˵
Ҳһʮˣʱ򣬳࿡ֹš
ֳǲʶһֱ򷽾ֳˡ
仰࣬Ǹսȥ˾Ϳ
ֳͷҫ˵ú̸̸Ǽͥìܣɡ
;ֳһˡҫЦΪСǱǸ
û¡ֳڰ֣۰˵ýҲҪ飬˳¡
ˣûкǣ򷢵̬ȡ
üղĻвõĲ²⡣
Ȼҫһǣʲô
ºͣ񣬡ҪǮ
˵ɣ٣ҫֱ˵żɽ˵ֻҪʨӴ󿪿ڣˣģҿԸǡ
ƨ˻۾ˣǰҪ˭ҪĳǮ
ֻһͱһס˦һơ
ûϢĶȵ˭۳̣Ըʶ䣿
˻ԣ
ίĿŻ࣬촽˶Ҫ˵ʲô뵽ԼĻ
˻ԵͷҴˣ塣
ֱһƣһŻ˻һʮˡ
־ʹһƣЩ̣æӡ
ʲôֵһֿۣҫС˿Ц
ߡߣһˣڷֳ棬ĶҲϾ
ʾ˼ԭȵִ㡣
ȫҪƷ
ѻأ˻Իײˣһ²㡣
ôУ
Ȼ쵼ڡǾ˶ϰɡ
ֱű޶ߣ˭֪˻û¡
վڻ
ҪվҲվԱߣŲûơ
ȴһѰסСѧʲôġ
ֱ£ֳǣš
һվڷֳ
һˣţ˻ԡӺʯͷվš
һƾͱǱʢ
֣о˫̸Ƶġ
һ࣬ۿ򷽾ֳüһѷ˵Ȼֳ٣ºð졣
ҽܣǻ˻壬׹£ô֤
֣˻ԣѶֳ
ǡ˻򷽾ֳݸһֽ
ǻҫдı֤顣ֳúÿǿǿѣ
˵ʲôҫɫһ䣬ʲôҴûд֤顣
ûϵЦЦĿһۣ¶һĨʮȥʼԲҲûϵ
Ͼʱ㻹ʲôǡ
㡭ҫ˵ʲô̲סȥǷݱ֤飬ָ˶Ҫù
ǿֳڿͣ¶һ衣
ǳֿ̿ѧϰܺá
Ǽȴ顣
ۿҪѧ˻̲סǰధѧ
ȴٳٲ˵
˼죬ֲŴҵϲģνļ峤ǰ
¿
ʱ裬ʲԸĹǰС
Ϊ˼ѧǰ߳Ǹʵļͥ
ҫֻҧ̡
Щϼһһѣдʲô֤顣
ҫˡ
һһд±֤һ̣¶ģͷصʱ
һϾһС
ʵųܵļˣЩνˡ
ȫϾ
֪ǸƫƧСɽ壬ȫһЩֻ֮ҪԼȥԼڵط
ǾҲԼ
һĵӣųԱԼҲû

ǵͦܡҫҧԹߣΪҪǮһİϣʲô취
ֻҪԼϣԼô
˸Ǯˡ
ǣЦбһۣ˵ôɸһǮ
Ҫǿʲôʮɼκһˣ
л˵
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ


61 
ҳǮ㡣
ü, һĺҪر
Ǳ֤дģֻͷ֮, Ϊû
ûûҫκλر, Ϊз, ûպ󳥻
ΨһӵǻҲҪڣ𳤱Т
ҫԺĸذֵá
ѵӦãüŻҫʣΪŮӦТ˳ĸҪ֣
ĿϣɨһȦ¶һĨ
ѵλΪӦ, øǳ쾭, ĸ񼫣
⻰ʵ, ֳɫһ, û˻ش⡣
뷨Ҳᵱ˵, ֲҪƤĻ
Ц֪û˻ǻ˲֪ﲻĿġ
Щ˾Ǻϡ࣬ܵҪǴ, ûдֻҫ˼
ҫüһ첻ߵģʵФǧǧ, Ҳûﵽҫ־硣
Ϊ˺ͼƲϵ, ڴѧҵһ, ˵Ǳڱ߽֧Ԯ衣
Ϊ·;ңԶԺ޷ؼңøĸûӡ
Լ˸ͥڡ
֮ϢûͼϵκҲ֪
ĺֶΡ೰Ϊ㸸ĸʵû棬ʵͼ
ˣǻһˣǲ㸸ĸһɱ˫ۡ
ҫףгֻǱܾˡ
û취ûҫѧ
ڻҫһٰ֮£ִȥڻҫִ֤Բŵֻر
ﲻĿŻҫǰܵģǿӦһı֤ϡ
ûҫТ˳ĸذһ
Ϊ翴ҫ˽ԡ
ũҺӣĸɻɾûԡ
ҪܳԵ죬ǾռֵܽÿֻҪһˡ
ô
ҫȻԴѧһֱбҵûɹһ
˵ƽʱżڼңũæʱڣҲڼѧϰ
Ӷࡣ
ͶпΪ˲ֵֻǲһ׹ؿధ
ǡЦ̼ȻЩǣ翴Ѫ飬ûһڴ
ˡҫɫ࣬ŭΪϡһЩҪ϶һָֻ̤š
Ǹ¶ŵļڱ治סɫŤԹŻǳһ
˺ǾͱҫԹߣڲԵԲůѧϲ𣬻ҪȥǼ϶
ӣԼԹޣĸĸƾʲôԸǴûҡ
ͲЩ࣬ʾ֭ı·ʱ̴һ߲¶ʵ뷨
ôһͥ
ߵעЦǰ;ֱһƬҰ
ôʵν˱֪
žžžƣЦЦĿŻҫ˵еڳˡ
˵ﻰѽ
ҫɫһ䣬ӲŤͷ򷽾ֳǣֻһӵĿ
ҫģϵˣ
ۻô˵ֻҪϣǿԼʾ˵Ĺ
Ƥܱһ㡣
˵Ʋ˵ƣ²ؼ߸߹÷ֳǶ֮ˡ
ô룬ֻҪԼʲôҲϣЩñõˮ
һǮ֣ν̰ȫѹס¡
ڡ
ҫһԻƹˤָŻǡ
ҹҫָŻǣƿڴʲôЩУ¡
Ųţϰ͹ȥ
šɫȻһ͸һɺɭ˵û֮ǰȴȡ
ɽһء
һӳ޾⡣
񣬳˭ͷڵĻն
ָŻҫһŲţ
ҫƤһĮһ󲻰
ôҫǿ򶨣̧ɫ˵޷ǾǮУҸ
仰ģһ·һ˵ʨӴ󿪿ڣҪˣҲҪطֻҪһ绰Ƶ˾ͻ
Ц򷽾ֳǣʵ쵼ڣ쵼ô
Щ޹ءҫͷ˵˵Ҫ¾Ϲ
һ˵һ߿ŷֳǣȻЩң֪ʱǴԼ
Ȼֳ˵ˣЭֻ̣֤
ԱߵҲЦǺǵ˵£ﲻò塢֣˫Э̶С
á񰵳ͷǲǾͰҵ
뱬ҫпƷԶӣǲְְҲҪ
ΪĻ֪ԼѴԸǻôһ㲻ġ
̽ʧܡ
Ҳ룬ֻﰵ̾Ϣ׷ô࣬һֱ̼ҫʧ̬
˻ԡѶͳǩˡ
˻ԵͷĬͳһֽһſŵҫǰ
ҫЦڻֶǷ⽨
һЦҲû˵ʲôֻǩ֡
ȻһƣøˣŶġ
˵ٰˡ
ۻҫԷֳ˵ȻѾף˴һϸûС
ͣһ£óһ˱ǰĻûְɣ
˱ҫһЩѣÿһǮǵ
ȻҫûϵһûУǮҪӦ
Ӧøֳǵͷ˵֡
ࣺȻΪԼĳģôʮĻѣǲӦû
ֳһ㶣Ż΢˵ӦõĻ
ǡ
ֿҫôǮͶˣǲܸ
ԡҫЦһŻΪҪǮһǮܰЩˣҲֵ
ɲԩͷλȡֱ˵ԼһŶٻѡ
ȥǼٿǮټЩ
ٰ߰ʮࡣ
ҸǴոҫ߰°ͣ˵ǰ˰١
һмЦһҲûôǮϸ㻨û˱Ҫ
ⲻġ˵Ǯ
ԡҫ˵ڲǶ˰ٿǮȻԻ˵ǵд
һֱĬĬţû˵һ仰֪ʱ
ԼӦòκ͡
ǿҫųһģ΢΢ҧ촽
ﰵôš
ֱǮҫûд˵һǮû㡣
һ㶣֣˵
֣ѲǳԺȴչ˵ķá
ƳۻҫԼչԼɣ
չϴʺЩҪΪá
Ȼ㿴ļͥ˵ȻҲϡչ㣬Ͱķɡ
򷽾ֳǣʵλ쵼㱣ķûɣ
ֳ
ȷʵû⣬ȻҫôԼˣҪȫƲϵ
Ҳһ©ûе
ԡݸ͵Ŀ۰֣ͷȻƲϵǾ͸óȫףһź
˰ɣҫ￩һ£ˣǲǻҪһѪǮ
һʱʵģҪıŷľҪǮֱ̰޳ܡ
޳˽㡣ֱӶŸĸ˶ϣˣ˵޳ܣ
զôأ
ˣ֣֪ܽͻҫûá
ֿ۷ֳǣú˵Ҳ״һ˰취
Ȼкࣺߣȥ˵֯ǧְأҰ
Ϊǳû˸˵Ǿұˣܸ
в˭أҫɫһ䣬֪ǳȥ˵ǰ˰ٻȥ˵˵
˵ǲΪǮ
ˡֳһӣһ˵ʲôӣ
⸴ӣŻҫԴһĨʧһӿûס
ѵֵ˾֪𣿡ֳŲɵ˵ȻҪϣͶϵøɸɾôʲô
ѽЦ滢һҲø͸Ժһá
һ㣬૵αŪôѿ
ҫ
ִ֪ܰΪǮвһЩ˾ͻʵ
û뵽ôһ㲻£ƵƵмܡ
ҫ۷ֳǣ֪Ѿ˼ޣԼټȥ
תҲûˡ
СҫһɥǷϵ£˵Ҫٰɣ
ֿۻ࣬ԼͷһԼ˵ģ
˵ףֱӵķ㣬һʮǮɣ
ֿŻҫķһ¶Ǯﶼ
ûʨӴ󿪿ڰɣʣ۸⣿˭вͬ᣿
ֳû˵ҫĬƬ̣û˰Լ˵İڰʾԼû
û뵽˵ˣ˵ˣг˽󣬱ķü룬һ°Ǯ㡣
šֵͷ¶һ˿ЦݣҴˣ˻ҫҲǸУûô󡣡
ҫ
ӣƿڴǣ˶졣
û³һ֡
Щ˲ҲЩĹˣ˵ʲôûá
ֻƣôܱסԼְλ÷ֳǱ졣
й¶ȥ
ȻҶͬ⡣ֿһȦû˷Ծ͵ǾǮ
䣬͵ʯͷ
ʯͷǰ䳶һƴ̣һš
žһٰ飬գ۵Ĺ򣬾١
ֿۻңʯͷֱ죬˲òࡣ
ʯͷʮһ꣬ÿԪܼһǧһʮԪ
ðɡֵûôй顣
ҫҧһڲǮ
дҫһԹޣϽԺٳǰ
ȿȡֳһ˵ȻˣֱͲˣӰ첻á
ʲôҫһȻ񾪻ŵʷֳʲôֱ
ֳƳһۣȻƽǷϤȴûˡ
ֻǵİѻǣڷֱ֯˵һ顣
¾ٿ飬ôһ˵¡
û봦£ǼͥìܣЭ̽˾͹ȥˡ
ǻིЩϸڣлҫı֣÷ֳòء
һ쵼ˡ
ҫ³̯ϣɢңԺһƬû˽ҡ
֪Լˡ
ֱ˾֪Ķж˰档
еֳǾ봦ֻҪֵ˾֪
ǿԽԼ̵ı취̡
ڣҫڣҪ֪дֱ¡
ôҲܸЩǮ
ǰۿʧȥôǮƣԺô죿
ֳģһûͬ飬Ǹ˽
ֿ࣬һЩɵĥƬ̺ſڡ
ڻҫ¡ֳ˵ǻῪۣôǵˡ
˼򵥣ǰǵ£ͱڣ޹ء
ֻǻȴü䲻һֽ
ֳŶ飬Ǵҫĳɷ֣÷ŵ𣿡
˳ɷ൱Ҫݶ顣
ʾŻҫƷ
ˡ಻ģһ˵²ְְһҪİɣ
ǶҹҫһըˣͻȻһش󺰴УʲôңǸ𣿡
˻ԡһһ͵˵̽ôˡ
ǡ˻Դ󲽹ȥһץסҫѧѧôˡ
žž
⣬ڻҫϣ˻˵ţҰѵġ
漴Ǽȭڻҫϣҵֵܽôġ
ߴ߶Щ£ҫǴóԵˡ
ЩԴǴƽֵġ
Ϊһֱ࣬鱾֣˻Ҳ˵ʲô
ֻίԼ
û뵽͹ôһǲ㣬˵̰ͼˡ
ټĸĿĲڿ˻Լһۡ

ֻǱһƳȥ֪ӦȰ꣬ٺúˡ
ϣ
ѽ
ҫĲҺŶ꣬л˻
㶼㲻
ơҫȣæҵ򷽾ֳ֣ұƣץǡ
ˡֳüһõؿ࣬ôִܶˣϽס֡
г࿿ϣ˵ⲻǼ쵼ǲò塢֡
㣿ֳһݣȻ಻ǣջصϽס֣ñƹ
Ľζ˻һȭȭڻҫϣȭͷﰵͣʹʹ
һֳˣæˣлú˵ֽ⡣
漴࣬ʾþգ汻ץ
ʱճ
˻ԡ಻غһ䣺ˡ
漴ԹƵ˵Ҳࡣ
ߡ˻һ˦ѻҫݺˤڵϣһ˵һأ´ңҶ򡣡
ֳֿɫһЩһӦò鷳
ҫ׵ſڵϣԹĿŻ˻ԣڳݲطźݻ
ǵţһץǡ
𣿡ֱĵؿһۣ˵ɵЩ˵£ø֪ȥ
ϻתߣк˻һˡ
л˵
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ


62 
ȥɡ
,лپۡ
Сܾˬ˵Ҿ͵ˡ
ֿۻֳ࣬˵Ҫ, ǻҫܵʲô֣
ֳȽϹ˵Ȼ˵, ǱȻŹ
ۻ, ͣһ²ŵһԸ
عƣְûҫ뿪֯
ǸɲְƲһ
Ͼ빤޹أҲҪ쵼ֺǡ
ҫϾһϵܲ˽»Լҹϵ
ŶЩʧ,Ϊ᳷ְء
ô򵥡˵ǿŬ, 벻ɲ˵¡
Ǹֳһֱ, ֯, ֱ
쵼Ĩڡ
֪̬ȣȻ˳, ҫĴֲ̫ء
ҲǶԻҫЩϵеͷۡ
ˡٴζ˵ȥɣ̫ãź쵼Ҳôøɵġ
СЦЦҲô, ڵĽҲ
ֿˣƲƲֱļƻвͨˡ
ֺ֯ͷ֯һᾯ裬ʱ̹۲ûֱҪٴεóѲס
ǾͲν,Ϊ, , Եɡ
⻰֪ǲڽֻһʱҲ֪ô졣
˰죬ɵҪôҶ֪Ŀҫʲôˡ
ǿȥֱ۾һԼⲻôˣôЩְ
šͷͬ뷨˻ȥ
ô˵һᵽñʿʼдš
ʷϿÿһ¶أȻŭ
һԿţ֪ԼĿ¡
ǳ߿
нҫԻҳԹޣǸ
ûʲ
ûҪߴ˴գϾڹʮ꣬ҪŪûôס
ڻǽɷֵʱ򡣡ʲֻͣǵһûˣô쵼
ڿңôأ
˭дţ̾εܹܵĵط
Լ࣬һģǲܣҾһȥ
˻ܡ
֣
Żִ࣬־޷Ȱ˵
ֻôڣԼžͺá
ǽಢûţڶϳȥһˡ
ûκζ
Ҳû£·ѾȥһֻǺͰִڼ
ŴĻü֪˼ʲô˫ӡ
ǧ꺮һ
ﵣǣϲԣֻǾ
һ꣬ͣͣЪЪʼղ졣
ֱ죬Υ¶ͷһɨ
գɣǻһ
ֿʼ֡
ˡֳӻ֣Цֳһȥҡ
šͷӦȱ޶ȥǶԷ
ų̫Ȳ̯ѾüûǮ
һҲˡ
мȹӣǲȥֲġ
Ͼʱ¸ʮµʱҲУҪá
ЩȹӿܾҪѹ£˭֪ʱʲôʽֲðա
ֻ˵һԷǻಢûֻл˻ԡʯͷű޶
أʣͶȥˣ
˻˵һԷȥˡ
ǳԡְкͯԷˡ
ŰڲˣȾͱ޶סһίģ
ôˣ֪ǼװԼ֪޶զˣ
ְֲҡ޶˫ۺᣬһߵҪˡ
̲ۡסЦ˭˵ģ
޶Цӯӯʣǰְ˵𣿡
ǡ޶ҡͷĿ˵ְֲң塣
޶ǴˡΣԱ޶ճ˾ͶأܸŰְ֣Լ¡
ˡ޶ᣬţһְְ¾ͻˡ
޶С˵ûзޡ
Ȼ仰ȥˡ
ȳԷ˵һѩԡ
šα޶ӦˣСְҲһ
ЦϴӦʹ죬ֻ޲֡
ôС
˻Կ޶Сˣ԰ЦߵʱסȲֱ֣˵㣬ˣſϹ
֣
һ죬Դӱ޶˵裬־͸оСԽԽ׽
ҵˡֵͷû˻ǿԼ죬СӶ˭þϲ˭
ϲ塣޶֪ûǰһ˵ϲ̴ְһá
ĻСðһɰ§ڻ
Ҳϲ㡣СЦԶϲǱ޶
ʯͷ̾һį˵ǶϲԼǸ޶
֣
Ƿɶأ
ˡ˻һ£ЦǺǵ˵
զˣ棬ʵԹ˭ˣ
ʯͷ˵ͷԷԹ
̿
˻Կֺͯ棬һؿԼЦԽԽ
ȥˡ˻˵СӼʣﲻζ
˭ˣʯͷ͵̧ͷһ˵ֵܣܼɱϹ˵Ӱֵܸ顣
ԹԼá
˻ԺʯͷԻ֪ӾȻǻͽܡ
ݹʦͽܡ
ﻹǹܻүʦͽȷʵڣȫӶϵĹϵ
Ŀɿڴ˫Ư۲ȣһգһգ˸ҫ۹â
͵һӣȸԾѽ໹Ǵأ
ľ壬˵զ֪
üһգЩԹ࣬ô¶ûԼ
ⲻǰЩ˻Ц˭˵Щѽ
Ҫǰ֣Ҳ˵ǹغӵ¡
һ˵ͶʯͷǷ߿
ûôõΪͽܣǴһ
ݻΪʦ
ֻжӣ࿴УȫĽ
ΪĽʣҲû˸ҵ˵졣
Ҳʱ򣬲֪ӿŸӸߣһĬԵģ
ʮꡣ
⣿ôӣզʮ߰˵ģ
¡ʯͷ࣬ͶӣҶʮˣűһ󡣡
ԼǳԵõҫҲûҳĺÿ
Ҳ֪ʯͷΪɥͷԵ˵үʲôˣ
ϴڷܿ̿࣬治˵ȶǿ٣һ㲻
֣
ЦãʯͷǸ԰Թģʼû˵ʲô
´̼
ֻ뵽ӣֵͦ⣬߸彡˶
üȻۣԳ֣ϸ롣
Ϸ·һӰӡ
ͯһԣͱ°֣Ŵ
Щݶͦ˼ġ
ЦסͯϹ˵
Ҹʦ͵ˡͯһʯͷǴô࣬ҳһõġ
ʯͷ
΢ͯ춯˶˵ʲôֱ˻ȥ
˻Цӯӯصˣ۱˵Щˡ
ǡͯ汻Ȥ׷ʣʦɶãᵱ磿ǡ
Ŷʮ꣬ʢʱ򣬶ЩرȤ
ͯ°ͣһ˵Ҳϸʦܽҵ㹦򡣡
վ첲ȣһڡ
۽һ飺ɵСӣŪ
ôһǺʯͷһһõģ
ֱϾŵ࣬Ҫ̯ʱ򣬲Ŵһζ
䵭Įӣһ˲ʱһ¡
̧סּ򣬵ͷڰֶߵˡ
һ˫ʣҫ
ͻȻЦһ˵ְ졣
ǷҪѻҫôֻҪܵ־Уš
ҿô߸ϡ³һؿԶôԼˣڡ
ҲˣЦԺ󶼲ùٻһط
⼸˻ԵЩֿĺֻҪһͣͳȥ
ȥҫҸֱ
ȥˡ˵ҲһӴҲûô
ֻûظõġͷʣ̫ݣǵòģ
ûСҡͷ̹Ȼ˵ҲֻҪصǮӦܵһЩͷ
Ͼҫн죬ȾǼ˺˵Ķ֧֡
˵ûսԼʡǮʡҫĻ߳¡
зܶǰ̵Ļᡣ
СЦЦû˵ʲôֻİּ򣬡Ǿ͹ȥɡ
ɿ»಻ģ⼸һֱĵ
಻֪Ǻȵе࣬õԭһ̻Щࡣ
ĸ˶̰ȨơۣипҲȻ˵Ҳ˶ҪȨףΪֲôڵأܹƽĴ顣
֪˵ֳǣۿҫ
Ҳû¶رһ档
ֻǸˡֻҪֲиһֱŬѰ壬ܻЩˡ
˫ƴڻ䡣
˺ܶࡣ࿴Ű֣Ͽ֣ص˵ģܶܶࡣ
֣
ȶˣ
ʼˡ
±¡ס¶һĨЦ⣬ңй壬ί
ȿȡⶼĸѽ
޶ȥˡæתƻ⣬ЦݲõĶԻ˵̯ͯȥȥˮǶǡ
̯ɡкͯһֶԻһȵˮһ¡
ûȶࡣ಻һЦ뷨һתҴ˵绰ΰ
л˵
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ


63 
ôˣ
զ, Ŵӳļʮˣô𳵰
𳵻Ǯࡣ˵ܶ㶫
糵һǴ, ư
ȫˡ
󳵵, Ҫʰ, ͻ֮
Ӵˡ
ͯҪںԺãҲǰˣһõ˾Ͷˡ
ֵӡһңԻЦסôˡ
˵е߻Ѿ߰ѷӵ
ǵһǺģֻΪҪЩʱܵ, û뵽׼
Ǯ̰ˡ
⼸, Ǯ, ȥмŵĵĺ͵廧
Ҳ˳ˡ
һ˷ʮ˼, ߻ڰ֣ô෿ӡ
رˡ
Ǯΰǹ, Ƥһ壬ǿ
ЦǺǵĽӹǮԺΰл鷳ˡ
ˣΰЦЦ, İڰ˵¡
߻࣬Ѿ˵ĳľͷжģ
жԺ˵ѾԺǽͨˣ˳һ, ȥͿˡ
Ҵȥΰ˵Ҫ, ֻŅ̀ͣ,ϲ࣬ǧ
šͷʾԼ֪ˣһ˹ȥ
ΰˣֺʣôô٣
ǼĶأѾˡ˵ʱ䣬ϻһЩ
ŶŶûǵͷٲ١
ǼҾĶϣŶӲףһЩ硣
üǮ
ھӻǽŲ֪ҲҪϣָĶ硣
ĶϣҲղ˶ٽֻǿϧĿ졣
ǮҲߡ
Ѿ߰Ǯݸ֪־ϲǮòˡ
ǡֵͷЦݲõ»࣬һǧ¿ˡ
ǣңһʡ
ࣺ
˵ԼΪ˸ֳԣûҪǮ˼
࿴ЦĿģĬĬѵߵĻ˻ȥɨֵ¡
ӡະȥжͬڣľ
ּæԻ˵жͬڰж򡣡
ֱԻգգۣһЦ˵ѳ·ߣ쵽°ʱ䣬û˹ܡ
̾Ҳ°ʱ䣬ʱڴ·ǰٻ̵ֵ
һ졣
㡣ΣСʱĹ򣬡ôһ㲻ʲô
ôڣֵһۣǮһ㲻֪°һرǳԵġ
ӻ֣ûߣæȥİɡҴȥվһ׼˶ࡣ
֪ΰûа̯ڼҵţûʲô¡
Ҳò
ǮŻкȥϣȻﻹҵġ
ֻǾҪԴ
Ȼ಻ںңһꡣ
ܶǮ
ֻװϵĳǰͱһͻȻܳСסѰһ
㡭㡭ָǰˣġ项ôˣ
ءһСӳ̽ͷӸµĿŰЦû뵽ɣ
û뵽ظתͷĴƽأ
ûŰָ첲ĳ̽ͷ̽ԣҴأ
лֱ˵ӳĵؿһۣû¶ͷ
һмµģ۾Ǿֵת
Цһֺã԰˵˵˵飬ǰ¡
ԶԶԡæͷһ˵Ҹˣˡ
˵꣬ͣһ£ּæָ磬ġ
ؿڣĵ˵þûָ磬ǶĲС
˭밡΢䣬ЦЦؿɱҡ
ûûСæҡͷһ̾ҶҲ룬ֻˡ
ҲˣֻǴҺӷż٣˺ü
˲õġ
Ըһóƽڼ￴ҡ
дݡ
˵ŻƮǸģ
˿
֪»
ֵ֪ܴû뿪ֿ࣬ô졣
һ̲סˡ
ְ೤Դͦϲֱˬ˵ЦĺӣͬʱԼҲе顣
ΪԼ뿪ңһô죬еԲֵܡ
¡˵ҲǣѾ߶ܶˡ
ģ۾һ漴۾ˣҸ硣
ġ̣˵㡣
û˵ٻȷʵǣ룺ΪԼһ̯£ͻȥˡ
ףվڳǰҲɹ
һߴߴ˵Ż
һ̣ûȥϣһֱꡣ
Ҵȥ硣˵ȥһ棬ٽϢ
ֱֿһԵĶӣȸ˾ѳ·ߡ
һ͹ȥ
á˵ҺʯͷȥУ֪ô
˵ֲһ䣺ղ˵ĻҶˡ
һֱڻߣͰ˵Ļһ
֪Ź̾°ʱȥٻ̵긽죬ȫӦ
ðɡЦЦ֪˵ʯͷһȥ
쳤Ͷȥһֻ࣬Ǹ˼
𲻶ԡ
ʣ֪𣿡
ɣС֪ĸʱȥˡ
һֱֺͺϵá
ˡıһĵ˵ﶼûȥھȻôԶʡǡ
˵ž͡Ц˫һģһʡǡ
Ƕôҫ顣
ֿЦãεҡҡͷ⺢Ӿ첻µزµӡ
˽ˡ
ﲻû˵ʲôһƲƲ졣
ҫ
ֻǵͷڰߣȫǻ಻Ҫ̫
ǰԺ·ڣԺŵĲţǼʮ׾롣
Ǻܿ͵ˡ
վڲ棬ΰ˾˵Űķ
㿴Цݵ˵˭ˣ
һתͷͿһĳǸ˫̥Сܵܡ
硣࣬Ҳ°ˣ˹ȥŻͿޣզؼң
ء
һһߣ׳ʵ꣬޵ϡﻩ
˶ίƵġ
ˣվûжԼʲôޣ
һ࣬ӵģͲ١
硣޸ͣҭ˵㣬ҺͶ綼㡣
֪ˡΣ̧󱳣˭ˣ
Ҽӡӣͷڻѣ˵
ȹ졣࿴۰֣Գ˵Ҳ졣
˵̧ȣһ¶ƨɣܣʵš
֪ˡЦصͷ³˵ˣˡ
ܡ˦֣۶ôҶû㶪ء
Ҫ¼ܲסҲû˸ҴӦ
ų֣˭һ˵³´޺
û취Ҳİȥڰˡ
˻ҧֺֿǣЦеһԿš
Ҳûֹü۵ʹ֪ʲôֱС޶ܹ
ְ֡С첲Žźְ֣࣬ҡ
ɿ࣬±޶װ˵СҲ˵ǰˡ
Ҳ塣޶§Żಱӣ峺ӿųؿ˵ġ
ߡۣر˽˵ǿұæ
塣޶ûһ԰֣
ʲôߵԱߣЦ޶ʲôѽ
屧һ§Ż࣬һֹֻŰֲӣųЦң塣
ţغ磬㿴
ˡΣ̾Ϣһֶһʶ
ߡߣҲû˵ʲôֻǵ磬Ұȥɣ
ܶжľͷ֪Լﲻʲôæ
ǵҺͶѶǻǰɻ
ֿµģЦЦ˵ǸʲôԼС
˵Űѱ޽ӹԻ˵ҴǻݣóϢһ¡
˵꣬жľͷЩˣֵˣȥ׼緹
á˵һҰţ㲻ù¡
ʱͯ߹ʻࣺ磬˵ģҴȥ׼ɡ
лΪҵˣͯԼЩæܲվһԿš
áܾί˵ﶼźˣǵطС
˵Ҳͺΰ˵ȥ˼ˣǰᶫȥסĵط
ͯ˸ɻǲҪסģ಻ƻء
ְѳͶסĵطϢһ¡
˳һ¼
Ȼ֪ʲô£ﻹһֱţϾһ̯¡
ȫʮСꡣ
û¡Ц˵ͦõģǡ
˵ˣǰѰֺͱ޶һȫͬһλá
ЦţȴףԼͱ޶Ǹͷ
ҪĻǻࡣ
˵ҲǼٻղ£ҲûȤ
ˡԴЦҲھܳЩˡ
ǡ佱һûǫ飬Եõ˵Ｆ԰ӣչ˵Ķܺá
Щأǿÿ춼ȥϵؿ
Ҳ￴ˡһԿ䣬æͦСظ˵ϻҹء
ֲһˡƳһۣ²۵ôҪȥΪ˲ϡ
ũʳΪ˳Աӣ̫Ϲ
Ϊ˴Ҳ΢΢˵ôһ㣬ڰˡ
ҶԼأҲû̫ĶҲͻҡ
ֵļĶƬصϡ
ԼӵˣٲҲһ͵Żϵء
Ǹӵ˾Ͳһˡ
Ը˹ϵŹϵأñ͵ʧ
ȥˡΪܣдʵ˵ҿģⲻˡ
ۿҪּæֹ˺ˣҲˡ
һʡǲף졣
ְѱ޶йСǽʲôĵط
޶˵ϲôˣСǳȥ
޶һСЦһ仨ƵģƵƵͷӦ
һ˫ԲĴ۾Сظ֤޶֪һСȥ
ְźǣͳȥһٰٰ࣬㲻ᡣ
Ҳ֪ûؼˡ
վԺ¯綼Щʲô
Լ˺ðţ仰£ѡļ˾Ͷ
վһԣĿţָӡ
ߴͦν˶Ӱһȿɿŷ
ָолڣǾûʲôµġ
ߴ͵̬һصΪеˡ
һƬء
ôˣת䣬һվŵİ֣̫ɹĻţȥŰɡ
û¡ЦЦߵߣҲճ
̧ͷͷľͷӣ¯λ֮£ҡ
Ҳղֺ
¯ǿ䤱֮ʱһƬ֮ء
ֲһ˿˿
˵ͦãǵǡ룬һۣЦҾûǵȥ
Ҫ㡣
û˵ֻǿŰ֣ڵ˵
촽ƿЩɬǼ˵㲻õģԼС
ĵطֺϤûء
ٲάĸо
Щ£ͻãɻˡ
ֶԼˡ
ҲСЩůů˵ʲô¶ЩԼ
Ҳĵĵط
ǹȥ꣬Ѿǵʮ߰ɬ꣬С¶ģ
໹һʲô¶Ϊ룬ǰǵԼϡ
ŬΪһ谭࣬һеֻΪõҪġ
ȫ͵ǰ
أ˵꣬üʵҪң
Ҳߣ
֣
ڡһºˣŵĴûע
ŷġ
զɶ˵ֺüۺֵء
ԼˡЦһ£պͮͮĺģ˵ɶ
û¡һͷɶµģ
ǲ˼
˵಻ģȫЦ⣬źȰζ
ѽĶ½ţ˵˵
ĺ˼˵ѽ
ôˣûעǣ͵
ֻǲ˵
࿴ߣսĵԲ۾ָЩ
̣ûס̧°۵ա
ˡᣬ⣬˵Ͳ˵
ͣһ£ֵ㲻˵Ҳ֪
ЦһԳҪǲãĻߴһȥأ
ûСһŻį飬뿪
˲࣬ǰסֻ֣ڲһȥ²ܡ
һ࣬ϵ˫ӣر֣ص˵Ըһ˻ȥ
ȻҪһߡ
֪ݸü˲߽⣬ֻ᲻㡣
˵Ҳ᲻ҡ
ֻ붺֣û뵽ô棬жġ
ףԼȥȫΪԼܵܡ
ǧҲֻΪһ䣺ڼ㡣
л˵
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ


64 
պĻվվڼƱڣı޶ţպ, Ļվ
վڼƱڣı޶ţ, ͻȥ
޶§, ĳҭ, İرۡ
⺢ԽԽ˵ؼһͦˣһ˵ֲȥ
̱űŰֲ֣ҪһߣһͰ͵Сģ
̾Ϣٴκԣ
޶ſǻ, ̧С,ҺͰְֵ㡣
šһͿ, Ҳſ޳,֪һȥ
ˡѱ޶ȥ, С֪ޡ
Ȼѵ⣬۰˵ùų, ԼС
ֿ򳤰Ͷٴʵš
֪ˡͶͷҲһģ, ö
ͻȻ, ÿ, Ի˵óƽܰѧϰ¡
۶ֵжģҲ
۾촽˶ۻû˵ʲô
бһָۣ˵úѧϰ͵Űᡣ
ү̴һˡ
ǻģమѧϰһѰһӶЦˡ
Ҳû˵ʲôС̰Ǵʱġ
ʱٹֿӺʯͷź˵Ǽأ
û뵽˶ѧӿѧϸһʯͷϸ߶
಻¡
лʯͷЦаүҲ㡣
֣
ƺܲҪ
ΪͻͬҪǽүʣаүүֽˡ
Ҳ֪ʯͷͶôĥģЩ춼аүðβѡ
ԼƵġ
û˵ֻǶ԰ֵͷһĳĬǽ
һ΢ЦʾԼӭˣ´ʱһǳȥú
ʱ򣬼ƱڹԱˣŴȺŶӼƱ
ۿҪߣﲻҲû취ֻܸԱߡ
ܶ˵Ǽ䡣
ϳƱԱ̡˵¶໨ǮǶ̡
޶СԴ˺Ӷ
֪ˡЦֲͷġ
Ҳæʲô˵͸ɻǵ£źˣ˻û¡
ѻ˻£ְæ˳ŴЩˡ
˻⼸ѾͰϤ˳Щûȥ
šֵͷΣ㶼齻ûҶһˡ
ҪǻҪִգҪǮֿԵ˦ƹˡ
𼷡ü󣬡ҶŶӣǰʲôã
ų飬һʮˣһǰ
ɫݡ
˿ģһʱЩ𣬸Цⲻż
żҲŶӡƤ˵ҭˣͶ̥
۾صģ·Ҳˣڻ뼷ǰȥ
ָһԲϾͶֵģټһԣ
⺢ô˵أ࣬ҵ²̨ôģ
ֱ˳ǰ·ӡ
ûܡ
ɶˡһ˫ֲûҰ·ӣ۸ˡ
ָ˺ǸŮͬ־˼ŮģźӣҲ˼
㵽ҪҪ
䣬һӣһƳȥ
˵ȥŶӣұƱһ䣬㡣
ˣ
۸Ҫ˵ʲôͻȻʯͷȫָϽ
ŵݺݵĵ۶һԵĻˡ
̧Ⱦ͸һţǳ˵ôʲôԺҲڣ¡
֪֪ˡƨɣر֤үģҾ¡
֣
զأ
ʱҲ˵ʲôû಻ġ
ֻôԲ˵ҿǣһ¡
һ̣⣬ӷƤӵ¡
ɲųȥǲַͣӾҵ³
ġһֱû˵ĳһ§סӣǲˣҲῴ
䣬ȵǼƱӰ֮
ֲкǻȥˡ
ıQQһûӰ죬ղŻĲһ
졭Űֺ֣õЦЦǾɣ
֣
ԼĻջء
ƾղǸžñͶ̥Ļͺ˵öǮ¡
û¡˵ֵ֪ʲôûǶᷢƢ
ָˡ
СˣĸûܹƢ
ʺ
СĶͳһʮꡣ
ǱȳһͷݰͰ͵ûһ⣬Ӫģ
ðɡǿһЦ˵Ǿ·ڴ
չһҪ̫Զ
ƾ⺢ñ˴ˣʱôͻཻ
ͦҲࡣˣԼ°˵ǱȻվǲһ㣬Ѿм̯λˡ
վҲСƤһæطУȻѡҽˡ
Ǻðɡ˵ûٷԣһ
޷ٵ¡
գգۣ԰ЦԣҸ˵
ţܿЩӵ¡
Ͳκˡ
ڼҸرͦСظ˵վ
˵͵һģһһ׶ߣѰһ
ĵ˵ǿ˭Ķ࣬Ȼپ
˵Сüͷ۾һת뵽ʲôð취Ƶġ
üЦ˵ԣǾͷֿܵĿ㣬˭ҲȲǣ˶ס
ȥ̯򡣡
Ƥһæ˵ɲܱ˱̯Ӹǰⲻҳ𣿡

ɻ󣬺װֵĻһ˵Ϊʲô
㣬ֻҪˣܹȥǰס
Ĳġ
⡣˵Ҫ̯ӣǰ⣬𣿡
Ȼ⡣۾һɣƵģʹȭͷ
һ̯֣¼Це˵㲻ܸ¡
Դ֪û˽̵ĸ׾ȥ
ְȢ֮ҲûһֱǷ״̬
ǷǷǺܶ಻
㲻˵ҿԽ㡣
²ܼҷƢһ
ȭͷ󡣡ֱ׳һ˭Ҳµģ˵ľ
ָ̧һƣ۾Ҹѧܴ𣿡
һһסǳܡ
˺ˡû취ֻʹɱﵣͲȥˡ
ˡ
ûаͬ⣬ʲôҲɲˣչͼǮȥء
ǰ˵̬ǿӲֱ˵˵ôǶҪ
ðɡ˶ͷͬʱġ
ְûһСģСӲù̡ܽ
ؼʱһҪס
˵ǮĿ졣
ҲС⡣
ж̫ʱʹһƱģϴ͸˲˵
滹м
ͬкܶಹһأϵĲЬҲм
˵·Ҫ˵ôġ
Ҳ˵⺢йż·
ѧ
ʱ򣬶ôõĴţѾϰˡ
һǮ˼׷ɣðŵǻСһҪ
Щǲȳ˾ˣǾ֪ܶɼ
ֿģҪԶ˵һʱ۵ĵҪǡ

ڶ죬ûʳԣڳͶ۰Ͱڴ¡
ʻ˻ԣʲôҪ𣿡
ûС˻Ե׼ĲϹãʲôȱ
ԺѵضƽãĨˮ档
Ժǽһ¿ĲŸǸŷ͹¯
Ժ㳹깤
ϾԺֻͣһЩڣҪ̫ࡣ
Ҵǳȥһˡ룬ȷʵûõĵطٻ
ȥɡ˻Իӻ֣ЦõǼ
ִ˳ֳȴȥˮʮˮ
ŵš
ȥٸȻӺʡ
ŵ·Աߣ·׵ľ룬谭ͨ
··ԱߵһҪ֧·ͨ˴·˺ܶࡣ
ǽһ䣬ȻλòôֻۣҪ߽̯ܿӡ
ǰ档˵Ǿľ
ǲ뿪
ƱǿǿӲİ֣Ͷʵͷ
Ӧ뿪
ֿǰӣдűˮﰵͷ
ȣУǱˮһûС
Ƕ⡣
ĭӣЦбˮڣһǮ
ˣǮû԰Ҫ󣺡ܲߺȼ˶򡣡
֣
һŹܽӣǹؼˡ
һصͷɫƽ˵ؼ⣬һû˵ء
͵Ŀ۶صͷ˵͵ߺȣҺ
·˾ͺҪ͹ˡ
վһ˷ܵ˵㣬󣬽һҲû¡
Ҫڷԣͱס˻ʱ䳤ܲˡ
Ҫˮ٣ȵĻ
ҪĿģˮֶǡ
˶Ǯ
ˡ䣬ת뿪Ȼȥˡ˵ߣǲûϻؼңǶںͬڡ
̽Դ
һֱ۲쳤Ͷ˲ֱһֱʵ̯ӡ
߻صˮͱ
ۿǿˮȸԾϲ飬õЦݡ
ֲŷĵ뿪
л˵
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ


65 
ۡ
ŲӴ,
һǮĶס볤
֪ôˣ
ôˣð, ֲŻع,ɶ
, ʵؿŰ֣ҡǮˡ
ء
ޣ϶˵ҡû뵽ھǮ
Ĳѣ޸ѣЩί
ȫ޳ȥ
Ѿ޹˼ɣ˭ҲκβԼԼˡ
Ҳ˭ˡִһɤ, ˫,ԼԼ, Ҳ˭ˣ

˫ֲ, ۣȴ߸
¶һЦݡ
˫, ˮϴӹԣɢ˷ܹâ
үϵĺһ˫۳млл㡭ллҡ
ͨһ¹, ֱӡֿۡͷǽ
𡣡ܿæҵذ֣Ǹ
ͷ, ЦؿŰ, ָֻһɵģ
Сå
ÿӻ, Ϊ˵Ҷˣͬĸļͷʲô
νܲˣҧһ
һ䣺ܱܲô˰
ؿڣƽ󣬿ЦõؿŶ
㷢ʲô谡ɾллͺú˵һһʲôӡ
ǲ̫ƽˣҿһ˵˲Цôأ
ЩֲףֿЦǸʲôָͷ
ܺһƲƲ죬һƵӣгкȣүôš
ʲôأ
Сһ̾ϢҪʲôûʲôʱϱš
뵽Լ꣬Ϊͺ賳ܣִһ١
ıš
ڵҹ£ݶ˯һ
ܵײ˵ǶİӲĶײˣ
ȥ￳˵Ļࡣ
ֻصңûҰȥֻ񫡣
ҸлүɫȫǷߺԹûҿˡ
ôءЩﲻζһжȥˣ󿴣ںء
ȻͻȻһЦС°ͽ˵ҳˣǮˣԺһǹúá
ɺðɡЩЩͬ˵ҸǼҶɳˣ
ǿס
ǻںΪ£ȴˡ
˺ǼңϾҪǻиš
˵ǺͳҲࡣ
㻹¶ף죬ɵƵĿû׼үء
˵ĳǰƵ˵£ǶҲǺҰǶϣү̣˶ϡ
Źֹ֣Ҫ˵ʲôְˡ
һתŰǰЩǮָ
˶٣ңЩǮƵģҸղżû
֣
Ҫۣ뵽ССô
ָһ飺ʮ˿֡
ĶٸˣˮǸź졣
һ˷ʮĿࡣ˵ԼģҲǮˡ
ˡҡͷָŰ˵أҲҪһݡ
ͳˣͰֶ԰֣һٷ֡
һ߿ࡣ
ҲŲءֺЦɲͼЩǮǵ⣬֡
ȳƽˣ֡
׶˼п⺢˼̫أԴ
ڶͳҪڷʱЦҲ㻨Ǯ
Լæɲϡһ㡣
˵Ĵһ첻ٰʮģǿˡʮ˿ɱҡ
ˣһĶüŪ۵˵Ҿ˵ָ粻ҪŲںһǰǮ
ҪͲ۾˵ǲһ
̬⡣
ɵûаֳǮ֧С⡣
Ǯ
ͳһ
Ͱֹϵһôݣһûбʾ
˵ǮǸһ쿪˽ǵģ˫Ը⡣
ԣڿǳԺȶǰֵġ
ͻȻӦһĿŰ˵ҽʳѣ׳԰׺ȡ
⺢զôأ
ү˵ˡ޷ѻ̧Զ˵죬ǵĿˣʲôʳѡ
Ҫ˵æֹ̧ȥ
ү˵Ҳܡ
аɡͷ۾ֵת˼£¶һĨЦҴ绰ȥüʳͲ
ɲܱǡ
һȭͷݺݵ˵ҶҲã͵͵ȣⱲӶԭǡ
ְͷ⺢̫أҲ˵ȰĻ
ϾԼЩҲǾԭ¡
Ƕĸ
⺢аͯһߣһֱЩ£ƢôӲ
ҲΪﲻһֱ˲Ǵûô뷨
ֺܲĸһֻۣƫģôܺЩΪһ̸
˺ˡֻһ֣ɢˣ˯ɡ
ʮˣҲЩˣͯԼҡ
Ҳȥɡִ۽һ˿ˮ⣬Ҳ̯ˣԺ˯
ǻѾˣԺҲٰڵ̯̰ڡ
Ҳȥˡͯ˵Լһû˼˯һ
㡣νߴٳϴϴţϴ˯
˯߸ˣֻͳ˯ͯһ
ֻ֮ŶߵĴССĺ־Ȼʧˡ
ˣС࣬⡣
ͯҲ죬Ҫʲô
ַ˸˯ߵͯ棬뵽ࡣ
֪˯ߺãǻӲ࣬Ǵû
ţǲҪǻࡣ
һס졣
̾Ϣŷֿһ죬ˣ

󣬳ƽִһӣҡ
ָ硣ƽ˵Ҹøģ˵ϲԡ
һӺͮͮӣңŵ̵֦Ҷž˿
ϲóһӣҺôô֦Ҷѽ
Ҹûˮ֡ƽ˵Ųʡ
ָ˵ǶǲҸӲЩ
ƽƽϣͻȻ¶ֱӵı飬Ҹ˵ûԹ࣬ĽһЩ
֣
ˣֲô˵Լϱر任
һЦ棬һַ߷߲ƽԼ˼
ûעⳤƽ۲С顣
ָ磿ƽǰӻ֣һʣôˣ
ûûôֻЩ˼˵˵¶ࡣ
Ų޵ˡ
ֵߵӣʮԼɳԲꡣ
ź޵ӣң̲ס룬Ҫȥ
һǮ
ҪȥƽȣŰֲŵ˵ҸժӣңԼûóһڡ
ִ壬æЩ
Գƽͣţкܶӣյ
룺ӣǸϡкܶ࣬ڴӦ١
ųƽһСͲŵģ
ɶѽֿЦãԼǲС˵˻ЩӣȻ࣬ǻͳԲ˼졣
ôóȥ
ôһ˵ͯ棬ҲҪһԡ
л˻ԣӣҲҪɡ
ôһ룬ӣһأ
ֱӣЩ˵ôһ㣬治ԡ
ЩɻˣûڣǿǼʮˡ
һ˸һСҲ֡
û¡ƽҡҡͷЦ˵רŸģ÷ָˡ
ָһӣﻹһӣôҳԵġ
ƿŵĴҶҲһӣңֻǸͷ΢Сһ㡣
ȥСָˣü˵Сŵ´ɸװһһǮ
ƽ
ĿŰ֣ôģôʲôȥ
ָ硣봧⣬ﲻʵĺƷʣôǮأ
ѵûбǮҪ𣿡
аֺɵĻش𣺡ֻҳΪǮȻǮص¡
³ƽЦӯӯ˵ǮҾͻȥˣʲô
ƽ
촽ͻȻΪʲôһˣİȷʵֵá
ЩӣҡָŸӣң¶һĨЦ⣬Լ԰ɡ
Ϊ˸õģҸѴǼҳõӣߣһ顣
ƽŰֻ֣˵Ҫָ֪˳ԣҸһ
֣
ðɣ
˵ʵڵģ˵Լóԣǲָ˵ġ
ԼԲ꣬Ҳ˷⡣
ܳꡣЦݣԳƽգգ˵ȥ֦Ҷ߽ͳˡ
ЦǺǵתˣƽԭأԡ
ûƹ磿
ƽ溰ȥ绰ȥȥ
ˡƽԳҡҡͷ૵ϧ粻ܳʱⶺ
Ͱá


66 
ʱһΣ¹ȥ˰³
ѾӸĽ꣬ҰǰԺ
ʱһ, ¹ȥ˰³
ѾӸĽ꣬ҰǰԺ, γĺԺľơ
ԭ׼󳵵, Ӫͣס, ϸǡ
ֻһȺ治һá
ʱΪ磬ɫɫĹ˿ͣͣסд̡ͨ
е䡢˫˼˼䡣
ֻҪסޣܽգһ˿͡
һߣһüĥڻһ⡣
Ӧø߻һ
һֻṩס, ṩһ, ֻǮ
˳˿ṩһ㡣
ֻҪõ, ǻڴҵ, Ҳṩһݹ
Ҫĳʦ£ƱҪ߻һ, Ҫûкʵѡ
ֲԼˡ
΢΢̾Ϣֻǲ֪ӵܲʤγʦһְ
ôˣͯߣַģ̾
ʦ¡˵֪ܲҵ
ˣͯЦѣΪ˵㲻ṩ, ʲôʦѽ
˵ˣҲԼ¡
ܰҵˣûʦ, Ҹպõѧͽ
Ҳ㹻Ӧ
Ҳżϰһ˵㿴ǸǸɻ, Ҫǲһ, ⲻȥ
⡭ͯû˵ˣԴ˼˵ݣ湻˼
ӲһҪӵطҲҪ涼Ľ
ҪӸǲС
Ͱ֡飬̫鷳ڿĺԺ
һӻ㡣
֮ͯ󣬻Ͱ½˹ȥ˹
ͯûʲô˭ãһǮ
ֻһͯͿͬȾʱϡ
˾ȫɻһֱڿˡ
Żչ
ϧһ˲൱á
˵͵ˣһϢһ£Լɵ̫١
ͯ濴̫ۣǼʱ䡣
ⲻǰǰǮһʮСʱ
ⲻ۸
Щ˶˵ܸඪһҪúøɡ
Ҷġͯҡͷпûôʵϵˡ
İ֣Цҿͻĸˡ
һµĹڣ̰ڶʮˣΪͯʡ˲ʱ䡣
ڲװޣҪһʱ䣬Ҳھ·ݿҵ
ʱĿʼ
ȰѶͻȥ˵ȥ绰˵һ¡
м쿪ҵһҪѡʱ䡣
¡ͯ漷ۣûˣ˵ҸԵ£ء
ûصһۣҪԼȥңҲŲȥ
Сͯ桸һЦҲں̬ȣ㲻ȥͲȥҿҪȥġ
ֳˡ

㲥ȥӵ绰ڵɻ
ﶫ˳ֳ޶Ӳܡ
ιһࡣ
һͳɤ΢ҵĴϢ֪ܹġ
㼱ʲô۵˵ôѽ
û¡ŵ绰ͷϵĺ·
ﻹ𣿡ҧ촽ҿƽˡ
ۡ಻һЦִ˿̽ŵСģˡ
ûж˼ֱӸ֣߰춼룬رϣ롣
֣
΢ţһ˲û뵽ô˵
漴ŵʣӲûˣ
СЦ֪ߣһ͵ء
ˣظˣֵҡ
üΣŰ֡
ǾڼſҲ͵͵ģ̫ί֣ⲻҪġ
û㡣Ҳ֪ǲ룬㡣
ֻǲ룬͵͵һһỤ㡣
µԣǳûôԴ
ΪԼԿꡣ
ڴӣ㹻ţû˸˵ʲô
ҪΪֳһƬ죬ԹĺԼһ
šֵ͵Ӧһ̸£ֻ֪ﻹЩ
ǾͲñ֪ն֣ص˵ǹţԼӡ
ֻҪְģνôǰᡣ
ϣֿĿ֡
뿴ֵ£һ̻̲յģ಻ᴦΪı
š˰죬ŵԺ˵е¡
Լ˼˵һ£׼ṩһͣҪҸʦ
˹˹죬ֵҾãλúܺá࣬Ҳ࣬Ҫߡ
ֵĺܴ󣬲Ҫס޵Ĺ˿ṩһͣˡ
͵ļԱǴӵˣʳޡ
Ҫһˡ
໨һǮһ֧취
˵˿ṩһͣҲȷж˻ԣһЩ
СƵġ
ôҲе룬һЩãЧ治á
ҲⱾ
˵ЩһѪ˵ҿԽԽʲôǮ
ĻϣٿһС
˵ʲôԱˣҽڡ
Ѿ˵ˣȥЩԼʲôˡ
Ϲ˵ֲϣֱ׳˵ôˣһ¼ٿ飬Ǯʲôʡ
ѵһֱǮȥ𣿡
ǮͶô࣬һʱľǡ
һܿ
Ǹô󡣡üͷЩ꣬ȷܻĵİһж£
⿪ûʲô⣬ȥˣҲ˼
ǹС꣬鷱˵ÿ֧
˭ֵܾ
ˡЦûˣ㣬Լܡ
ûˣҹˡ
Ȼ˵žһ°ѵ绰ˣԼվڵ绰ǰ
ô᲻Щ಻ͬ⣬һ˿
ҲƢ
Щ»ҵĶԼˣǮۡ
ʱ䳤ˣܾͻᶯ˼жЩֽš
׼ֵǮĻֻһ˹ܣͯء
Լֲһ߲أҲᾭԶĿʲôġ
ߡֶŵ绰һ㣬Ҳܸɡ
˵绰Ǯ
ߣίĲУû뵽ᷴԡ
ָζ
ڻǵһЩЩܲˡ

࿴绰ཡһߣ㶵Ŀ绰
Ȼţɫ任Ī⣬ɫڵĿ¡
项һѻͲˤϣһߵԱߵӡ
ѽӳæܽŵصӣˤϵĻͲ
Ǹʲôӳһȣȷ黹죬úõķʲôƢ
ô˵ȴķӣ⿴˿
Ȼڵ绰ϡ
һ࣬촽û˵һֱڵ绰ϡ
û뵽ֻһԲϵĹҶϵ绰
ְ֡޶ܽסȣأʲôʱ
ࣺ
죬Ҫ˵֪ǿű޶С
֪ѹƢһǻؼҡ
٣ӳһǿѹģǳˣ
ϡ档
졣ͷҲûأûһ䣺ٸŲ͡


67 
ָôˣ
İ, ·Ǳ̯Ҳûͣ£һûһ
Ŀбӵֱӹȥˡ
ⲻѽ
ƽ, ָˡ
ƽֱӰ, 䵭Сر, Ǻʹ
ָղŸǣȥ绰Ӧúʹйء
ֻ벻ԭ
ȥƽ˵ǿ̯ӡ
ȥȥɡȻ棬һ㲻ģûûεЦһǵһμָء
бһۣ˵ܲеۣ»ܸˣ
ȥɡ۳ƽ, ֱӵȥô¡
šƽ, ˵Ҳûȥˡ
ţ, һͷˮĿ,ǻȥѽ
ĵ࣬Ҫҹ̯, ʮӻȥ
ЩɥƲֵؿۣ촽˵شӣܻȥ
ǲȥ, 벻ѧˣС⡣
ùȥһˡ
֪ԼûʲôϵƽҪߡ
ԼҲ¡
شӣԾ, 漴զΪʲôĺúõ, ûѧʱ䡣
ɴ۾, ŵʣȥʲôǮˣ
Դӳƽˣǳ·ڵ̯ﳵȥĵط
ֻܵڵľǻվһȥıˮ
߰ʮǮ͸Ƶġ
Ҫǰֲͬ⣬ǻҪѧϰʱ䣬ڻվ̯
Ǯࡣ
ǰ˵Ķ࣬ǷҲ࣬վӣǼСʺϡ
ֱƽѹţҲһ֣Ϣû˵ʲô
ҧ촽ﲻĬ˵
ǵ̡˵ȫƾүǲС⣬Ҫǲ˻ү
ЩģҲû취ҧ˵Ǿ͵ûȥ
ܵɣ
ȻðֲᣬҲúƤʲôҲ֪ǵе֪֮
ǰүǾԼʰʰҶ档
˵һһ㶵ģĴûƽ˼ܣûôС
ǿֲˣҲûûϵôֻ࣬ǵĺ档
оЦ
һƢָ磬Ҳʱ뿴ַƢʱ
ʲôģ
ǡһʱ֪ô˵˹˹һŵɶʱߣ
յӣķתȦǮһ档
ǵĴͰ֮䵽׷ʲô
¡侲Ŵֵ龰벻˵¡
漴̾쿿أ翿Լѽ
С꣬һθеɼ
һӳ󣡡
̾ү˵ģͰͷˣԼٲҪκˡ
𼱡æο֪ʲôء
һûʲô£㲻ǰżˡ
ҪһǮһֲҲûϵǶС
ڼһĸճһ֦ҶĹ²ݡ
˵Ϳήױ۶ϣûһ
šͷһɥ˵ǵϢ
ƤڣСһŰƴС
СͷƵġ
һ˫͸Ż飬˸ϣâĴ۾˭Ҳ֪
жôͲӡ

ƿţֱӵһˮ˹ˡһ¡
项һ°ˮŵϣһ£۵Ĳˡ
զˣͯ澪ȵĿĲʣˣ
Ǵ绰ȥˣ
ܲǺͻɣͯ濴˵̽ʣҲ´˰ɣ
ֺͻжãۼ֤ﻹζܶ졣
ǺͰһ𳤴󣬴һӵĽ飬ôܳԼ
ʵǣֶԻ׽Ǹ˶ܿ
׽ˣҲûǹϵãͯĪ
оֵֹġ
ǲ⣬ͬʱĴľҲûʲô˭涨ֻһѡ
οָͬǰһ
ǹϵûһ仯һ࣬ҲûԶ˼
ͯɴͲˡ
ûĿͯӣû´

ͯɵۣһ£漴Ц˵ѽ
ԼԴٺ١ЦһΪ´ˡ
ǲ´ѹ;òܣղ˳һ˵
û뵽ˡ
˭ѽܣһ·ĻҪǱˣҲô
˵˵ͯյߣһ̵˵Ϊʲô
ȻͰǴ֣ҲûֻͯΪ˹ϵá
аֺƢԭ
棬ֺͻôõĹϵ
ԺֺֻʲôѵҲôˣ
һۿģһ̾ܿ޳һ
ƢáίƲƲû뵽һҷ𡣡
ͯʹţһżȵİû£
ɣͯ治ţɵ˵ǰ˳ôܡ
Ҳû뵽ƣˣһΣҶܲˡ
̧۽ǣеι̵ˮһ㲻ޡ
̲ס
Ĩᣬ߰Ѹղŵ绰½һ飬ġ
˵о˵ͯЦ顣
ԣǽ顣
һ·ûʲô˵ģֻܡ
оԼܲ˻̬ȡ
ˣֱͯ꣬С֣ǹߵ㡣
Ǽ仰¡
üб۾һָ֣⡭ĲУ
̨֣ɡ
Ҳûһ
Ҳһ۰˵ʲôĺãǾȭ¡
ͯҲûʲô
ǲһüԼû㣬
һǴСһ𳤴õѣһʶ֪õİˣôܷһȽϡ
⻰޷˵ֻܱǰָˡ
˵ﻰ˶ûˡ
ͯһתͻȻƤЦ˵֣Լ𣿡
ǰǸڳǰľɰڱǰഺѪЦԶֹ۵İ֡
ȥˣ
ͯ壬ɫ࣬һ˵ûã̫Ǯ𣿡
֣
е㰮Ǯд
ûǮʲôʲôֺһۣдʵ˵Ǯд𣿡
ƾԼŬǮд𣿡
ͯҡͷЩε˵ûֻеִ̫ˣʲôܵһʱ뵽Ǯ档
дǰЩˣͯòӦ
绹ûͯ˵֪ôҪС꣬һһûûˡ
֣
ͻȻ𣬻˵һ仰ն಻ҡ
ѵҵ⣿ֳɣɻ˵סһ岻Ӧõд
ǻæ۵㣬ɵЩ
ղŻһ·ϣҲԼǲ̫ˣȥһ𿪱ȽϺá
տʼⲻһãԻһ١
ǿԱ֤Ŀǰ
Ҷ˻ǽˡ˵㣬ֻٵһȣȿ˵
˼ȥһȽϺá
侲һͯСס
ͬʱѻ˵鷳һоٳ֤
ǰֿ̨˵ȥɹǰ̨տˣڹҡ
ͷԱôǱˡ
ӵû棬ֲǹбˣǰ̨ʺϡ
ǷԱ﹤Щôӵˡ
ලǣƣֻҪһ˼ܼʱ֡
ҲἰʱˣûЩ鷢Ϳ
ʵʦñصҲԡͯð˵ͬ˵ĺܵ
Щ˼飬ɻĿŰ˵ô˵Щѽ
֣
˵һԲϾĹҶϵ绰ûͻ˵Щ
һûü˵Щȣ۲˼˵о̬ȲãͰѵ绰ˡ
㣿ָͯ죬ֱЩЦãǽ顣
Ҳǻƽʱ̫ã˳ˣݵˣСƢ
֣
ǹߵġ
һ㣬ǲ˵ֻܱŤŤز࿪
Ҳ֪Ҹ˵ֵͷһɥ˵̬ȲãܲҲġ
֪ǲԼУĪ϶ˡ
޷ܵ¡
лԺú˵Ʋ죬һԹ˵һ𣿸ô󡣡
ҲûͯҡͷĿŰ˵һͰѵ绰ˣܹ˭ѽ
ҺģĵĲС
ʱƽŽڰֶ档
ʰָ֣磬ôˣ
ûô񣬶ԳƽЦЦôˣ
ǻö𣿡
ǡƽҡͷŰ۾˵ղ·̯ӣһ仰Ҳû˵͹ȥˡ
˵㲻ˣһ
֣
޲طȥ
˳ƽ·Լһۡ
ѹǻ롣
ղֻˡЩ죬ǿ򶨵еΪѣЩá
ȥǶˡ
ֽͣ޹أǲõġ
Ŷƽͷ΢ЦҾͷˡ
ʵͰ֣ǽǰź̸ͯ
ƽˡ
û˵ֻһƽĿŰ֣Ͽҵ˵ָ磬мҪ㡣
ҸⱲӶ뿪ӡ


68 
š
ûı, ƽ˵粻Ը
ﰵܼȺ쵰
١ͯЦˣ˷ܵ˵һһ˵˲ء
զѽ
ĺֲ⣬˲֪, ͯ¹ˡ
ũΪ˽, ֪Ϊ˻س, ˶Ŭ
֪ͯ
ҲһԱ泯ӣǲù
ԹЩҧгݣ˵۸࣬ĻҲȥ
Ҳڣûʲôɼɻ䣬Ȱȡİܼ¡
һ˵˳
ͯ, ֿϧ,ʲô˶, ⲻǶ
ɲǡҲôΪ, ͬǣ˱ڹ, ǡ
ƽ
ĬĬһԣ˵£治֪
ֻǡ
ƽüŰ˵ȻҲ֪, Ҹ粻ȫΪԭ򡣡
֣
ƽһСһ˿ᡣ
֪ˡ
ʲô£룬ѵԼ֪ԭ,粻Ը뿪ӣ
ƽĬƬ, Ҫ˵鱻, ֪ĵط
绹ί
ôˣֿ˵ϸƽɫˣ
ûСƽҡͷһ˵ȥˣֵ
ͯ棬ͰһԼڵԼ˵ԭ
ƽߵԣ̽ͷ棬ûһˡ
ﾭĽһĺԺľƣûԼ䡣
ֻһͨãλྲһķ䣬Ǹ˼䡣
ƽǺͰһס
ֿģе׼Ҫ˵ʲô･ʣѵʲôҪ£
»ɥһ㶷־
ͯ硣ƽϵ˵鷳ǿŵ棬˿𣿡
ͯһ㶣۰֣ãȥš
ģ˿
׳ƽ˼ֻǲԼ˵Ҫ
ȥ
Ҹǻ峤ƽԱߣŰ˵һӲ뿪
ѵػأУѪ޹£峤뿪
Ȼ֪ٴΪ±仯޳ԽԽ
ǻһֱû䡣
ǰʮ꣬΢û䣬䡣
ΪƫһżӲ¶ûܵ
ֻΪ˱ˣȥ峤жɢ塣
Ϊ
һСѡˣŴУÿһѡ츳Ʒ¼ŵ
ֻΪ˲й¶ܡ
ˣΪû壬ҲѵЩ¡
ڵĻˣԾӣҲҳ
ܶ˶֪峤һ¡
һãȻЩͣƶǶģ
ԭ治֪ʲô¡
𣿡ƽ˵һ䣺Ҹ粻뿪ӡ
һӶܸĳ
ŶŶֵͷָ֪
Щɻؿųƽ˵Щʲô֪𣿡
ⲻ
ֻҪ֪಻Ը뿪ӣͿˣʲôԭ򲢲Ҫ
ֻںԸԸѡ
ƽ
Щȣû뵽ֻں뷨ԭЩҪ
Ըһֱڴӣƽ̲סʣڳãжҪǶˡ
ٺáʼ磬˵Ҳûҵļѽ
лĵطмҵĸоʲôϵ
ҸΪˡƽƽ˵Ļȴʯ쾪ҽڳƭϡ
ǡǡһЩ޴ʣǻô
֪ƽ̫ν˵ֻ֪Ҹǳһܣھô֪
ã粻ǡ
Щ£ƽϢţ಻峤ͺˡ
ĵͷֻ޳һ֪ΪԼĹС
Щ²øҰɣ˰죬һƽʣܰ
ҸΪѡƽƿĿ⣬ЩΪѵ˵Ҳ֪᲻ܴ
ʹٴҲֻǸʮ꣬Լ硣
ְﲻæ
Ÿ֣߰Ҳ˵ϣиϡ
û෸
գգۣĿڳƽϣ･˼
ǲΪԼû෸
֪ˡһƽƶ˵粻ˡ
ġ
ƽͷϿҵؿָ֣磬ֹֻҸˣ
廹ϵˡ
³ƽ֪һЩ£Ҳû취Ի࿪ڣֻܶ԰ԡ
ϣ
ʵƽ˵Ƕϲָ磬ﶼ㵱ˡ
ֻԸԸ⡣
˽࣬ŰѰ£Щ̡
ƽȡһˡ
ָ硣ƽĿƽ˵úɡ
ôãҲ£Ǵô죿
ҡһԼԸ⣬ԸһǾͲ⡣
⻰˵ֻܵʲôֻ֪˵Ѱֵ˿
Ű׼˵̬ȡ
ֿеĶӵıӰ¶һĨЦ⣬룺Ǹѽ
Ϊ˸磬Ҫ˵ԼֲԸǿԼ
̾Ϣˣ

ڶһ磬־һϸǣȥ绰
ҲСˡֵһ˵ˡ
ࣺʲôʱˣ
ϰɡһ㲻ӣؽҴҲȥ
ࣺ
˵ڵ绰һͷ͡Ȱȡ˵ҺøԶıߣʲôɡ
ࣺе֪֮
֣˵˻ȥͻȥʲô
ࣺ
֣ٷ󣬹ԹԵڼҵһȥ
ࣺʲô
֣СҪҵǸ
ࣺ
һֱû˵ᣬǸʲô˼
ࣺ˵˻զ£ʲôǸ
һʱˣŵ绰ִ
̣ûѵ绰Ҷϣ˵˻𣿡
ࡸ͡һЦˣüɿЦ˵Ӧô죬ˣ
ࣺ˭ĵӣˣ
һ漴ɫ˵㻹̬ȣҵǸ
ࣺҸʲôǸҵ绰Ƣֲҡ
Ҫ̬Ⱥáִ𣿡
ࣺӴԭˣŰѵ绰ˡ
СģֱǷʰ
ࣺ˵ʲôզˣ
㲻ˡֱ׳ҪûͷŻΪ
һѹסｹ꣬Ż˵Ժ˵ѹɤ˵һǰɣ
˵̬ȡֹŲӣһҪѵԼ̬ҪŶлúú˵ǿһˣƢ
оЦõ˵֣ҿƤˣҸҽаˣ
ü䣬Цúϲ£죬˵ǲң̬൱ӡ
ͷۣͰ۲ݣʲôС겻ˣզأ
һ˵꣬Ҳ֪ԼＸôÿ
£ʲôƣָ֪
뿪˵㲻ˣҾͲˡ
ࣺ
ּ˵ǮΪӺһ㣬Ҫء
ǵأҲǹԺȣҪúһ㶼С
˵ĻǮ
㣬ܹǮԺͲ÷ˡ
ҲܰĵĻȥͻһ£Ĵ㡣
֡ʹüۣ˵Լ㣬ϣô࣬ΪǿĴ㡣
Һܸм
ҲͰˣ͵ÿǲþӪԼزס
ɳɳӣܱΪѣ°ֿꡣ
¡
ȻǹˣǲûʲôһЩå֮ġ
ˡ
ô¡ֲûԼҪô˵˵ķôģ
ࣺ
̾ϢһŰֽʲô
Ҳټ˵Щֻʵ治ˣ
ˡն˵ͺúÿҵ磬ʡǵġ
ɲûܳˣ
㵱ʲô峤̾ϢⲻԼԼ
һӲ뿪ӣʲôѵ
ǲ˽ʲô壬ЩƳˣ
ǰûô˵ֻԹ䣬ͬʱۻࡣ
ࣺóƽҴ绰º˵
ɫڳѹŭŰ߶֪
ɶ£⡹һ£֪ԼˣæɲҪ˵ƽǺĲŸҡ
ʵʵİ£˵һ飬ͳƽҲΪá
ɲ˵ƽЩڣ֤ģǵܣһ߱ˡ
û뵽Ĳ£ǳƽ԰ˣĻҪֻ¡
ʲôˡ̾Ϣһε˵ĻôأϹ˵
ǡæ˵Ķԡҳƽˡ
ضԻ˵Ժզͳƽദ
ࣺ
ˣǮ
ࣺУ¾͹ȥˡҲˣøʲô͸ʲô
š֣֪ȿҵˣһ˳ˣҾͻȥ
Բ𡣡ͻȻ֣ˡ
ûС֪Ϊʲôô˵Щ˵˵ԼԸ⣬ġ
˵̬Ȳá˵ǰɣԼûԲԺע⡣
Щûעðˡ
ǹ
ֻĵǣԼߣðί
ҡͣһ£ŵûô£ֻԼһĶֵϱ㣬Բ𡣡
˵ʲôѽһǸǸˣ֪㵣ҡ
Щ˼˵ûе㲻ܵޡ
ҵĴһЩڵ˵Ժʲô£һƽ͵ĺú˵һ
šЦˣ֪ԼЩ飬ҪԺ̬ȶҪôá˵ﲻ
ģٲ᷸üºͣر֤ƾǡٹҵ绰ҵĵһû˯š
л˵
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ


69 
ⲻѽ
Цӯӯߵ, һԼȱˮˣЦԽԽࡣ
һȥʮƿüɫ˵ԽԽȣҲࡣ
ʢʱ, ȵЩ, ʱ˶̰
б˼Һ١
ˮ, رȱˡ
ƽأûˣʳȥվˣ
šͷСĵĿŰ֣Ҵ绰ˣ
ˡ۽⣬䡹İͷת۰Ͱ͵ĿԼ, ЦҵǸˡ
°, һ˵ҪǸŵ, ҲŲôԭ
ү¿Ƣһν, ҡҡԴ˵Ĳˡ
Ǳųżһ, Ѿϰߡ
۰֣촽˵֪ǵУͱһʶ
ֱЦ, ģҲһʶ
ͷЦݵ˵ָ磬ǲӦú, ϡ
һֱ, ²۵ǹƢ, ˵ͷͲô
֣
ô˵࣬Ҹ
ֿͻۣЦͷţҲ
ٴ绰ʱҾͺ˵Ƕ˵Ƣã
ɷ£һģ˵Ļȥˡ


һۣתĿ֡
ͬ˵ɲܳǡ
Ϊ򱧲ƽ֣µ˵үɲܶ𱨡
ԶԶԡæͷ˵ɲܸҸ磬һġ
ǣɴûǫ
𣿡³ЦҪǸƢܹš
ҡͷһµģҸҡ
ƲƲ죬м˵ҾͲүû²޹ʴ˭
ֻǵ֣ͻȻ죬һƵģ
ڵָ̧Լһƣյ죺ĺĺ
ı⣬Űָˣ¿ɺáԼΪдƵġ
̲סЦôῴǵС˼
ԴЦˣû
ͣһ£ֿ۳˵֮£޹أǲøŲġ
Сƨĵͦ࣬Ȼͻϵû
˵ˡ˵Ǻӣʽҵҵûȥ˵һ
С겻ˣҲţ׼ֽ
Ǽг⡣
ֻ߼һ糵ಡһ³ͣſڡ
ֿΰ
۾һСܼȥӴˡ
ǰΰЦˡ
ָźЦӵͬ£Ժܹߣš
֣ӭӭ
½³λ˾ЦȻûҵǷʲôúˣʱס
ֿۺΰֵҪ쿪ҵȻס޲Ǯ
˼ΰЦţ֪ǸԼӣ˾ѿ磬ǵ͸ڼһ
ҲЦ˵滰֪ΰܹеĳ࣬Щ˾ʶҲࡣ
ҪദˣԺԼһ£Լˡ
硣˵ȴͣҽȥǰŷ䡣
Сΰͷðߣȥæɡ
ֽ磬İ˸ˣǰ̨ΧһѶ
ྡ
ˡ֣кһԱ˵˼䣬һסޡ
˵ֵˣǲýš
⼸ˣǴӴģŮа˸ˡ
ܸɻ
ֻǵһγ򹤣ûоЩнֻô졣
βǮ˵Ǿ֣һ˿͡
ǡ뻮һһѰûһæôøʲô͸ʲô
ȫɨˣûɶ¸ɵġ
ȥѷŴ򿪡˵÷ͨͨ硣
ˡ÷̵з䶼ͨء
ֿ÷վıֱСѧʦҵƵġ
ֺЦ̧ƿˮŵ䣬ʲôҪ˿Ȼ˵
ǡ÷תܣھȥ
ַ֣ͽյ񣬶һԼģ
ұʺֽ֣ʱûô£Ǽྰɡ
Ŷŵļˣ̷û˵
ǿд֡
дϣ˷⡣
ȻҪһ㽬ȥϣ⡣
ֳŵ·һзһ䵱档
ʣļ䣬׼Сõģڲֲš
ֻ⡣
硣ָϳ⣬ΰǾʹӺԺͣ
ô⣿ΰų⼸֣ʣ뿪ˣ
ǰȥ˵ǰ⼸ȥ
һϧĶԺΰ˵У׼Сõģǻ಻ͬ⡣
ָߺΰˣͲʦΡưЩߣܿˡ
㣿ΰһü̧°֣治ֳ಻㿪
һΣ㱻ĵƵ
զܿ˵Żң˵ʲôå֮ģҲŲء
˾Ҿ졣
һ䣬ΰ˾͡Ц˵Ļ
ôЦһ
ֵܡΰЦ˵ûʲôå£˵ЩƲƵµˣܰô
Ƴ۰С壬Ц˵סӡ
˵ģһЩƳܣ˳ִҲ١
еĳ꣬˲Ǯ΢΢˸һ㡣
תˣô죿
죬ûӰˣֻϵù
ҵķû˸ҡΰЦ˽˿ģ¾١
еĿ۸û¾͹һ٣Ҫѡ
⡭ſڽ࣬û뵽ΰҲô˵
Ҳ˵ΰָָߵ˾Цǡ
ЩܳˣһЩСطͣԷǸڼ͵͵ġ
ٵ¡
Ǳ׻ǿ˱ף٣һЩˡ
ձѡ
飬ǾˣѾõ¡
֣
ϰ£СɷףоЩ̫ˣ
ǡ
һǵһ˵üһС˵ȻҲһЩˣҲǳˡ
̯ûˣֻǰֻߡ
ĿȷԼǳǮΪ
һҲûʲô¡
С첲Сȡΰۣ԰˵ֳ಻㿪
Ҳˡ˵粻ҲϿҵˡ
ҪǸԼù鷳һš
ЩΪǰǺ»Ҫʲô¡
ɴʲôˡ
ܱܻǱŵ㡣ΰĳ˵ֵܣǿ㣬治ʺ㡣
Լƣü˵û˽׳ʺϿ
֣
ɣźΰ˫ֱżۺϲģ
⣿ָżУʺΰꡣ
ԡΰͷɹˣңھӡ
һ§סּһõģĴָʳָһǮĶ
˵ɣǮ
ֻ˵ΰֵģʲô£ӡ
֣
ռˣ
ôܣȥֵһַء
˵˵Բۣ´ΰۣЦ˲ܱˣǺԸˡ
Цݲãϵһ䣺ȿۣҿʲ
ΰ
ϰĿ⣬һĽﲻЦ
ֿŵ޺ûһĻģԭҲˣۡ
ΰСҲƭ


70 
¿磬ɾʡ
סޣûס޵ģ

¿, ɾʡ
סޣûס޵ģ
־һӣд˳, ӭס
ѵ䡢˫˼˼䡢̵ͨļ۸д, һĿȻ
ӳ, ס޵ĹŶӡ־ŴӣɫǺĲͣߺȡ
վһˣŴСŮٲϵӿ
мҳһƬ
ٴҲѹȥ٣ڸ
г˹Ů,Զ
ԶԶЦǺǵ˵վض, ٻ̵
г, ֱӰȥ
ص㲻һ˲ͷ, ߵļ˵¿磬Ӧò
һ, ͬסʰֳ
ǶָųվڲԶһɫֳзԱ, ȹȥһˡ
ָλãѼ˴򷢹ȥתͷųվڳˡ
ߺȡ
Դ翪ҵ, ÿԱ, »Щˡ
ƼԼ硣
ס, ͻѯóߡ
½˿ͣۿųվϡϡԽԽ٣һ
ڿЪһˡ
ү־һӣ߹˵˲඼ˡ
šֵͷЦݵ˵˻˲٣ǻȥɡ
˶ŴӣֱվڲͬĵطһҪס޵ˡ
ڶǹӪдû˹ͣû˾
ÿ춼ܽղˡ
ףһ߱ߣһ߿һסˣʮˡ
ֳʮˣ»վ߰˸һ˻ز硣
ˡ־æ˵һ£ܲʣµЩ˵һ
Сҡͷ˵ûмɫһԸȡ
顣־²ҪǮһֳ
ȥɡ˵Ҳʧ˿ǿ
־ȥҳֹȥߣһ־´ˣʣЩߡ
־ƵͷʲôҲû˵ˣʣµļһ
վ̫£ɹͷۻܿӰصĵطûС
˵ô˲ڣָԼͷϵĺ˵Ҫ˵гҲվȣˡ
ǰǺαô̫ɹһ
ժͷϵĲñָָԼʾԼҲһ
ûǺõȥ
漴Ц𼱣ˡ
ʵҪȶãҪٲǾͲסˡ
ϣ𼱡ڣ⼸켸ʲôˣˣڹûǾҲǵվƵȣҵĳء
࣬ÿзʱ䣬á
վƴܵȸʮӡ
˸Ҫ֣Ϳ̧һָЦݵ˵ˣߡ
һֳͣڰߣкҸϽϳ
ȼֳ־վڳϣ˵ү
ֽ־ϳ˵߰ɡ̫ˡ

ӴͯվſڣЦջķᰡ
ǡ³ЦĴҲûٴ˻
զôͯʣ˻𳵽վټ˿ͣ
Դǰ쿪ҵû˹˿ţڻվ
絽һ첻ţͯ漸ټ
⻹˵ü䣬Ц۵ȻǷˡ
ˣͯһʧʵͨҲˣ
ɡЦ˻ռ̣ͨʣµҲûλˡ
ʮ䣬ټϼ̣ͨжٶλ
ҵЩ죬סҲʣ¶١
ڰÿ춼İ٣һЩٿ飬Ѿ㡣
סĹ˿ͣǼǰ귿䣬ִͯ档
Լסķߡ
ҾˡֻصԼ䣬ͯס䣬Ӵ˿ͣҹʱס
䵱ҵר䡣
ӾĽмӸǵЩ䣬ʽ
ԼҪżסһʱ䣬Լһ䡣
ֻܰס˼䣬Լר䣬Ժ
ܽӴٹ˿ͣǮҲñס
Ҫˣͯһ⻰ʣʲôʱ򣬲һʱ䣿
ſҵ೤ʱ䡣
ˡҡͷЦݲõ˵ҪȶһЩͻȥˡ
ҵʮ죬ԱѧĶѧˣڽӴ˿ͷǳ
зԱְÿȥվ˿ͣŮԱӴ
ɵĶģ
ֻҪܱÿڵĳ̶ȣ벻ν
аɡͯͷȻỹ˵ⲻҲõǡ
Ա߿ء
ǰЦЦͯ˵Ϊ㣬ҲŸġ
ͯ򣬡㣬ǺҪ꣬˲Ǹĳ»Ҳչ˵㡣
һֵ̣Լû꣬ߵҲġ
ͯ鷳
ȷʵͯͬصͷ԰ЦѾ˵ˣҪǹס
ӣʵںԺ¸ǵĶС¥Ӿһס
кΰһסҲиʡԼһ̫塣
ûؼңʣ治׼߼˵ӿõ£
ߡͯһ£ᶨ˵һʱ俴˵ھûǲߵĺá
Լ룬ͯ˵ҲȰ㣬ʲôҶ֧㡣
һп룺Ҫǵ꣬񻪲͵ŸԼͯҲô硣
ͯﺢӶֵ࣬ܽǸĸ˫ְ
ͥҲһ㡣
ֵͯܵģڴ֮󣬶ûӡ
Ϊ˵䣬ͯ磬ʱ綼֪¿ࡣ
ͯȻӦ
͵͵֪챨ӦĹ㣬ȫһͯ硣
֮ͯż¸㲹ͯͬǶϾϵ
˼ͯһɨɥЦŶ԰ĴָȻҼǳǹĲ˳ʺ
Ϊ£һȺͼѣǿŸһʱе㲹ķϡ
ҲûҪƽϡ
ֻݲΪ£ҲŸġ
Դӷ֮¼סٽţԺ͵ܵһסŷ
Ǹջûҵסڼǵɩ
ĸһ̣ûΪ˼ͯǳ׺ˡ
Ǯû˵ڴӼ
ͯǲԸ߼Լڵ
׼ʮߡֿɫã˵ϵĻ𳵡
ô죿ͯû뵽˵߾ߣյԴ㿴ң㵢¡
զˣֺʣɶѽ
ھ㡣ͯ˵˵Ҹʱ̸̸
ָָ԰ּۣЦЩסˣ¡
ŶƲƲ죬Ц˭Ҳû뵽ڲˡ
̯֣εʼ˵˷ʮ߻ĻǮ򡣡
Ϊ˲Ϲ򷿣һֱϵǣڸûٹ̸۸
ھǧȥ˵İǧ߼ۡ
ʣµӿҵǰ鷳˵ֿӰ쵽ǡ
ðְǷǰհʱļ۸ôᵱԩͷ
˵ڲҪ򷿣ҪҲٰʱ۸
Ҫ򣬻ǻ߼ֲۡһ˵ǡ
۸ûġ


71 
̡
һ, ֵ̯ҲǣʵûǮ
ھӣгͰļл, ҧסԼûǮ
ǵķӡ
Ҫ￪硣һʮͷ, һ˵Ӱ쵽, ҲҪӡ
ֺطۣүô˵
ֻǿ磬Ҫǿ꣬ǻܻˣ
ֻ⻰˵
ֻת㿴Ǽҽĵطǵ˼䣬רΪһЩϲĹ˿׼
ôӰ쵽ǣ
סķ, Ժǽһ, λƧԶ
ΧǼ䵥˼, ס, ھ
ֲôš
ͷ۸Ҫ˵ֵ, Ժǽϣûʲô󶯾Һ
Ͳû˵ͷ˵˵ˡ
ֲǾٴûǮ, ٵͣҲˡ
㣿ͷʱˣ롹һ㻹ǽۡ
Ĳ, ָŰҪС, ʲô, ǵķĻȥ
Ϊġʼ磬Ϊ˵Һ޹ϵҪǿǿѽ
ǿᣬһź۸ֲǡ
˵˵һ£λ߲͡
𡣡ղźͰֺŮˣæ˵۸ǿǿǡ
Ǽ۸⡣ͷ̧ۣüĵûǮͼǷӡ
û˵ѣûǮʮǮ
Ͷˡ
Լļ飬а־ȫȥˡ
ͼǧǮЩģǮӡ
ҿ硣˵˵ͶǮ˵⼸ӻ˶٣ﶼ
һСǮ𣿡
̾ǰǷһծ֪ʲôʱء
ǾͱΪˡ
䣬ѡһһͬתͷ⡣
־³ֿȭľĶ÷У
ٶȷǳĹ˼С
÷һľˣĻ磬־һʵļ⣬ֱľӲ
Ϻûʹһ
áֹƣЦӯӯ˵֮ҲǺúӡ
˴꣬ȴ˵ֻûվ
ֿͷˣ˸ƣﰵЦ
˶ࡣЦΪ˰ȫֻܸ߼뼸ˡ
Ƴһֱͷָ˵͹˿Ͱȫ
ⰲһΪǿ鷳
ʱбҪ
ⲻŻ־ھɫѿûһ˵ʲô
ķԱ
־ºͶ÷Ķ˹ۿΧ˿Ľζ
ߵ£̽ͷȥЦΪ˹˿Ͱȫ߼ıԱǿԷס
ɺáһ˿ЦסﰲȫµĺС͵
˵Ҳ˹Ҳ磬¿ҷԱ
Ƥһ£ҲŽ
ˡ֣к־˵ȱˣͼλھӡ
ǸֿżλھӣһЦݵ˵һ£Ͳλˡ
˵һƣʾ⼸λˣȴûһǸȻɫ
ߡͷһĵĿ۰֣ҲǷ㡣
˦ˣʣµҸЦһҲ뿪
Ʋ죺浱Լ۸Ƶġ
Դ֪䣬֪Լˣһˡ
һʣ⼸ԱǸ䡣
һٮٮߡ
־Ͱý£¶һ±£Ϊѹλǿǿھӡ
סЩ˿Ϳȥ˲˵
Ҳܰ粻ǵͷȥ
ġͯһЦôͰˡ
ֺһ˵ҲǽãøƬ˶֪𲻳۵¡
ϻٽӣл־ǣֻǲ̫ġ
쿪ʼ˵ȥø֪ķԱ
һЩĻˣá
áͯ˫޳ɣҲһЩվԱ߽⡣
ɶֿЦãͯÿҵҪǹˣҲڴҼˡ
ô鷳
ͯһԴЦͰ˵İ졣
˼
˻಻飬ͯҪرһûЩݵùá
¡˵˻˵УڹЩ¡
ˣǻ˻ԺʹɻǼʮûȥ
Ƭ˼ӵĻгһ
ʲôֻҪܸɵĶЩ컹ûŵʱ
Ϊ˻Ǹشˣڰ˼ͨš
һǮ
СͯͷЦͷˣҾͺ˵ȥ
еϸˣҲġ
ֵͷǣҲˣΪʲôǲġ
е˦ƹġ
дӵˣҪشӳסֱǳ롣
ҲӵҪԭ
ôǮԤڣֲ
ôžˡ
˵ԼһǮѲ
вͬ
°ɡЩ˵ڱˣҲʡԺ鷳
绰һˣüɶ鷳ģ˶ˡ
ࣺǴˣԺأ
Щû취ԺҲ鷳ĻᣬΪá
ϲ⣬Ԥ֪Σգǰס
ࣺЩʱ䳤˴Ҷ֪¿磬˿Ͳš
ҪǰΪչ׼
һͬ޺һһĵ
ӵһͬ𣿡Цջ󣺡״ϰ塣
ҡϲȴǳ˵ûôǮ
ҪǲǮһͬĻȵڡ
ֻǶûôǮ
ࣺû¡š
㣿һ٣ûǮȥǮ
æҿɲϣȥ˽Ǯ
ôûӵ£ֲϣʶ
ʲôҲûΪѡ
衣һЦǲˡ

Լ뷨Ͱһ˵׼ũҵϢࡣ
ָ˵ͬ⣬Ļϲ˵ãô졣
漴ֿգһС˵׼ʮŻȥأ
ҪӺ
õȴһ漴гЦǮȽһ£ٲϡ
ᵢ
ɿװһ˳ɲȥˡ
ȲҪȥ
šֵ͵Ӧһ漴۲츽ǷԼ˵Ļ
绰ͤȻ·ߣǸû˾ϰҲڵ绰Աߡ
ĸ绰ˣ˽µʱ䣬ûп˼
ˡֺѹ˵ֿ֪ôãͲǮˡ
ԽԽͣƵģɶûҪÿ춼ĲС
ҹ˼Ƽ飬ѹǮ顣
Ҫⷬᣬ־뿪ӣȫµ硣
һ˼磬۽סӿ˼֮顣
ˡƣŰ֣Ǻͻˡ
һҾ͸㰲Ǯ£𼱡
ԽǰԽﷳ꣬ѹĵ׵ĻԽ˵⼸죬Ҷ˯š
֣Һ޲ϾͻȥҲˡ
֪Լ˵ĻʵֻҪһ졣
־Ͳܲٹ
˿飬Щ뷨ĵ׵Щ
ֻߡ
û֪Լమûһ˿һҪ˼
֪һ֣һ˳𼱡
˵Ҳ㡣֪ܶʲôʱ䣬ܻصߡ
ĸԸһ졣
ղᣬʺ£Ǵ͡
ྭ
ϣᣬѪʱ򣬶࿴ǧ硣
ҪԺź
֪ԣȴ쳣ᶨھȥһҲٶȡ
ﷺɬ鰮ζȻǺܶ
ɼˣһ飬ҲȻͻȥԭ
Ҫڶʮš˵˳·ӣҲᰴʱȥ
֪ˡ⻰泩ȻЦᵢ̣ĺˡ
Ȱ˵ԹĻ࣬Ȼ˵ͣ
һ飬Ỻ˵֣ϲ
Һ޲ðһȫ㣬ֲֻܾ
һ֣أᶨ˵һůļң䰮ء
л˵
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ


72 
ȥɡ
ڼƱ, ͯͻ˻ǻ֣ǽȥˡ
һ·˳硣֣ͯŰһ߽Ʊ,ʱס졣
֪ˡתͷ, ͯ治, Ȼ˵ʱ䡣Ҳ
ֻǾһ仰˵ģͱӵȺЮǰߡ
޻ͷء
ˡֱĶᣬæƽǼɢˡ
Ÿĸ￪ŵĽŲеԽԽ࣬ͳβĻվ
ԽԽӵ
ִųƽͶ, Զӵĸ, ˳ĵϻ𳵡
ҿˡֲһͷ, ԶЦºǼɢˡ
һϳ, ûа˵û¡
ۼ꣬Ƕܼ
ֻҪϳ, Ͳ⣬ˡ
֣
һʱĬӦҲʮ꣬Ϊʵء
, ְ˴˶ԴЩΡ
ȡָɿһ˼˵һˣˡ
ࡣҡͷ, ʵ˵Ҳϲ
Ǯ, Э, Ǽȥ
¶˵ʲô¡
Ǿ;һЦԶӵгסĵطֱﳵ෽㰡
šӵͷ¶һЦݣүҲ˵Ҷ߼档
ĸ겻رǾһ緱ƫƧСɽ塣
ͬһ档
ǶȵԸҲףз
𳵺ˡλס˵ܿʲô
ϻ𳵣һ絽УϺںһƬ
ʲô
ʲôÿģƽƳһۣǺʱһ
ôһߵĸͲһ·ߣһ
ǾǡͷͬɨΧ㿴⳵ͺһ
ǼʱĶûгᡣ
һ·û
Ǽܲס꣬ǵһлǷ紵ɹ
Ҳϲء
ͬǵһúøһ£ȥԸӵ˵˵
ϧϣʲôҲӿ𵭵ź
ỹءǽ£Ц´Ļ𳵣ȫ̿ԿŻ𳵴һ°ҹʲôͬ
ӵӵĳᣬЩûţֻվŵˡ
ЦָָҲվʲôζ
ôһ˵ƽͶ˫۾˲ٲ˵
ﶼ룺⻹飿һ¡
ֿģЦЦû˵ʲô֪Լ˼
һԵĶӣҲżˣܿˡ
ͣһ£˵ûʲôÿģǿǼ˫
˲۾
ԣǿ֪ˡ
ˣ˾²˵ɵúúÿ⻹ҵһأ
Ҳ֣һ˷ܵ˵𳵺ʲôһ
ƽ
û˵ǴܿͬȤ
һ΢ЦҲһ飬Ҳûֹ
ƾǳ𳵵á
ֻǡ
ֱгԱ̣ܲǴͷ
һˣҪǶ򵽻Ƕ򲻵ãҪееӲ
ƶԼ˵һź
Ҫȥ˵һԼȥҸš
ƽסǳšҪҲгԱ
֪ˡƽش𣺡һȥ
ϣˣ½ŵطûС
Ҫǳȥһˣûеˣܼܲδ֪
˾Ϳα˯ֲ䷳Ӳţ¾ʹ
ϸһһ⼸һֱ˵Щ
ƽҲû¶һ㲻ͷһģҪѰ˵ÿһ֡
εļ
˵һӣۼʱԽԽʧ
δͣ£ʵǶҪҪٳԵ㶫
Ӽҡͷ׷ױʾڼ䳤ƽס졣
һ
ˡЦЦ˵˵˯ɡ
ǹģ˵һѻѼ˶λϡ
һ𣬲ӵܵᣬʱ˲ʲô¡
Իࡣ

ڶϣʱ򣬻ʻлվ
ּ˻𳵡
ƽǶ۾ЩãҪվʲô
ǿһȦеʧվ̨ͼ·ߡ
ʲôûС
ªĲ£мҰźÿһЩ
߰ɡֽŲӿ죬кǼǻҪشء
мʮ·ҪںͳϻҪһ·
ܻصƫƧٽӡ
ֻðû뵽ǣǸռվڣͿվǰ
֣
Ųһ٣漴Цݲõس嵽ǰһϲʣôˣ
㡣սʣ˲
ˣҵȻˡЦ棬û뵽ͷʣҾϲ𣿡
ȻüķЦ⣬°ֱǼ⣬ô᲻㡣
һɨյ࣬Цˬʵһסֵһ˾
ЦžŰת˼Ȧ
ͷűԼİ֣˵ֻҪˣȥн㣬Ҳȥ
֪Цۣڼ§סಱӣſߵҺÿģÿġ
ּδ绰˵ԼҪ£඼û¶һ֡
˵¡
˵У˼ʮ·һ⾪ϲ
ҪҡĻ࣬ԼֵϽӲҲһαôԶ
Ҳǿĵġ
ҵȲˡĿһ̧§סּߵһʱ俴㡣
֣
һһӿƤһƬۣʶĶӼ
û뵽һա
ļˣ֪ʲôʱ뿪ˣѲӰ
ˡȻЦ˵ûǵĻ
ΣֵСֺߣʱ붺
Ҫ˼ɼ֡
ȥϷŶˡһָԶͣһǱء
˳ָȥӼϣڿͻࡣ
С޶һ֡
ָоˣһ»࣬Ҳʲôطֽһ㲻ʵ
ֱ§ģǸʲô
ֿΧվڸвˣû˿
Ż࣬ߣ߱˵ڵ绰˵ҵľϲ
ʣнң
֣ص˵ϲһֱĥӦǽվ¡
ôܡüֵʲôϲǶ㿪İˡ
ʲôһǣæ׷ʵҡ
ϲȲ˵ңѾҾϲˣʲôľϲ
ͣ½ŲĿתؿŰ֣䱥顣
֣Ըҽ𣿡
飿Ŀ⾪ʶΧϹ˵ʲô
תͷһ˫ס˷ֺ
ûϹ˵£Աûˡ
֪ʱص㣬˵ЩһʱͲס׷ʡ
һӰﻰ˵˳
ȻѾڣ಻ٵȣֶӣٴʵԸ𣿡
ҡҡҪΧûˣȴʶ˵ȻȻԸˡ
ǡֻ޴룬Ҳû뵽ľϲ
ϲɬһ˿һʱ
ࡸ项оһ㣬ǿ궯ѵġ
һ̾ǻ
æҵҪѻ˫ֵԼ侲һ¡
ǡ˫ס״ε˵ؼңؼҡ
Ȱ˵꣬ʹֻҪԸˡ
ۿ΢΢죬ŰյЩŰ峺Ⱦ˿ʵ۾
̬ǿӲһ˿СǾôˡʲôʱǶڡ
֣
һĨˮ⣬ͻȻ侲ļյ˫֡
šᶨĵͷڡԶᷴڡ
սĿ¶вĿŻ࣬Ƕڡ
šЦˣ۽һᣬƶ˵Ƕڡ
Ѱӵ뻳˫۽ıסʲôϡ䱦һ
һ̻ʧ
ǻؼҡͳϲ˵Ǻúùӡ
š˫ֻסЦݲõ˵ǻؼңȥ
Ҳû˿ˣ᲻ͻ鷳ֻһļŻຬˮ⡣
ǵι۽ǵᡣ
ǵν̵ͷٲɿࡣ
һ̣ﶼǣֻҪл࣬µɽ𺣣һ𴳡
οԡ
л˵
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ


73 
ѽ
ֿŻȻһµ, ȵʣ㻻Ҿˣ
šͷһȦ·ȻҪµġ
, շ, Цһ㿴, ϲ
ϲֿոµļҾߣЩõ˵˵ÿϲ
Ŵ³ĸߵ͹񣬻һɳ
ÿһֶϲ
ֵһһȥǮɣ
ٶֵڿر, üĿЦݲõİ,ֻҪϲ
Ļŭ, Цĺϲ£, ϸŴķ䡣
ǽƤŴˢһ£ոµĵذ, Ķ⡣
ףֿŴ£ůƬ㰲ůˣ
šһ죬ڼҲĺ޻Ƶ, ʲô㡣
Դӹлֻ֪סͰѼʰһ顣
͵Űֻһ졣
Ͽ˯һŰ֣ת,һϻ, ѽ
ۡϿ, ȴûһ˯⣬Цӯӯصؼôء
ȭͷԻЦڻ
Ȼô˵ֻܣȴ͸һ˿ƣ
ֻһ˫ˮĴ۾˷ܡ
ҲһӸһͷŰ£ϻء
֣
Ȼ۾ɬĲ⣬»˵ʲô
ΪĻ
࿴Ц۾תú˯һ
šһֻۣ˵㲻˯һ𣿡
Ҳۡ˵꣬ߴ˯Ͻ˯һ޶Ҫճˡ
˵Цֶһճŵˡ
սӻȵңͰѳƽֵܡ
б޶򷢳ȥˡ
ֱۣЦܹԣˡ
˵˼䣬ǿ⣬ܿ˯˹ȥ
ȰѵʱѾϼ죬ЩԻ
ˡวϰգЩԺЦɣʱˡ
š۾˵Լ𣿡
뵽˵Ǿһˣ־Щ˼
ء˵ţݸһ··ϡ
ֿǰһƬ죬촽˵ʲô·
е̫ʽ˰ɣ
ֻû뵽ʽĻں棬ֻע⵽·
񲼣˳ˬָر
ֶ俪һ۾ʱֱˣ·Խۣ̿¿Կս
⣿ֿ࣬ϵ·ʲô·
ϲ˵ʽúġ
ŶŶӵĿ·˫ɬ㻹׼Щ
ܸġԴ˵Ҷ
ЦЦ۾죬ڵݣӦһڸϧ
ڻû䣬ȶҪ͵͵˰֡
һڸٹ⡣
ֵĻûСֻܸһ״·
Ҵ̴ϣĺüЦ˵Сá
˵תһȦû࿴ôÿ
ÿһ棬ϸϸϵ¿һ飬ﺬЦ˵øƯСɾ
Ƥ𪣬׺·ĵø񼡷ѩ
üۺЦľɰͦ買ǵƯʢϲ顣
һգһգĶԻͷŵ㰮⡣
֡಻ǰһ˫סֵգ˵Ұ㡣
ͷ˫ϰüģţĺð
ҲǡֱۣüִŻϢ˫ЦԽԽãܰܰ㡣
ǰðɡ˫뿪֣˫ֵӭţǾڼм򵥵Ĺ񡣡
ᶨֶӣһҪֻ򵥵ʽ
ָָмķûиĸǰڹƣؼ֤
ȣķϵһʽƣ飺ض֡
ǣʣҵĹƣ
šϸϽɫԺ˵ﲻȣֻأǻҹ˰ʮĹơ
ãλҪڹ֮
ֻ峤λ빩Ʊȼ磬һһ
ȥ·˵һ¡
ִĿķ治ֹһһ¯
һԱ߰űīһׯϢ
ϻӵ֣ʹںйһȦĺܿġ
ڷһˣֳԵĺ⣬Ϊʹ¡
ʾţͻ޵ģɼǣиССʽ
û뵽صңⰲš
һ̣źһԶ
Ƭ̣໻һƵĺ·
θߴƾˣһü۳͸֣ء
վڰǰ֣񡣡
Ŷְִȥ۾ȴǿ󣬡ǡ
ű޶ƽֵܣû뵽໹ǲμӡ
ڵģǶӺͶҲˣЩֲ˼
Ǽˡɫ̹Ȼõ˵Ҳǹˡ
ôֻˣ
ҸӣѼҲ
ǰֲͬ⣬´ȥֻˡ
ҡֵͷЩɬС̫֣ˡ
ӣҲһһֻɫɫ
ﺦ£¼СС˵ȥ¡
Ѿֹϵ֪Ҫ̵ġ
κ֪ͻϵ
ʾ⣬Ҫͻ˵ܾ
ߵķǰ˸վӾš
ü۵ʹ˵ʲôֻܹ˳ƾһС
ӹӵݹһ㣬ȼ塢¯Ź֣رȭ
ڰʮӡҳ֤࣬ϲִֵϡ
˵Ű°ݣĿͷĿׯۺΡ
Ļ죬ֻһ˽ϣڱӡ
һ
Щ飬ûֻ֣߰ǻ㡣
Լ˼ڹȥ
Ż࣬ؿͷȻЩ
ػļ塣
ͬʱﰵϣ飬ܱƽ¡
֪Ҫǳ£һлʱء
ֻССġ
УŹ֣Ĭӻһƽƽǻ峤
ЩС˼߶Ҫ£û˹ˡ
Űֱַڹԣվһļˡ
ű޶֣ǰ˵ְֿͷ˵ϲ
޶һɫСվıֱһ˫۾ֿ֡
ϲŶӰŷŵǰɵع¡
һְֿͷϲְ֡
ԡСԴ޶
ͳһݸ޶һʣµķŵϡ
ָ߱޶ͷҪĿڽаְ֣֪𣿡
֪޶ͷָֿͷǻϲ˵аְְ֣֡
˵ȴָҡҡЦﻹԽ衣
ִ壬ֵؿۻ࣬޶Թ
޶˵ɿΪˡ
û뵽ӽŹ£ͷϲʦϲʦ
۰֣һ˿ֵúϣͷϡ
ݹȥһ԰˵ͽܣ൱׶ӣԺա
Ŷֹ¶԰ֿͷֵҵһУԺ
ֿŶӹЩ޴Ҫ仰
ȵס
඼˵ˣҸӣǾǹͬļ̳ˡ
Ȼ֪Ϊʲôô˵ñ޶ͳƽںεأǰֲΥԸ
һһ֧֡
ӹֿͷûĻһû˿仯
ϲʦ壬ϲʦ壬ԸʦʦҸִ֮ϡ
üЦظһ⻰ԺҵһҲ㡣
һ٣΢Ŀ۰֣Ƴۻࡣ
Ŭѹס̿ԼЦ
⻰ϲΣֿŴ
ʵرʵϡ
û˵ʲôְ˵ʲô˵ʲôǴզأ
ں涵š
ֻ룬Ƕ԰ֽһ䣺һУȫ
ͣһ£ֲһ˵ҵĸ˲ƲҲһݡ
㱦޶ƽֵܣָڶͣס
˵ĸһ飬þ͸㣬þ͹
֣
ô˵ôµģ
ۣ˵ֲǲԸǿͷ㲻ð
ָָ޶˵׶ӣҲʲô𣿡
ɵ˵Ҳ⣬ʲô
ƮƮĿ۳üǳԵ˵ҵһУֺֻͶӼ̳С
һɨ޶ƽͶЦǲǴͷ
֣
ⲻ˺Թ
һѻʿɶֹ˵ЩѿĻ
ǻûһڼ˵ʵʵ£򡭡
вζʮ㣬ǽͰִϲӣ಻䡣
˻ȥ
硣ƽͻȻڣҲǿͷ
ǸĸҲ빧ϲָ硣
ǰ۾һǰ£Ҷǵðˣֻǵø㡣
վ֣ͱһɣɡӴϲӣйɿ顣
ͷһ֣Ҷ˲ȥǶ򡣡
֣
סˣֿʼ̣æȥ˲ˡ
㡣סվԼߣҸ
ף԰˵֣дԱߣɡ
࿴ƽǣҪѵһ٣ֻǹ˼ɽͰִϲĺӡ
һѹסԼŭ𣬷ŹǼһôǵԼ¡
ֿǱƾɵᣬĿνס
ǵһμ
Ǽףʣд
Ȼд࿴ĥīִëдд֣κ˶ɾġ
ֻ峤Ȩ
ôɾİֵ֣仰Ҳû˵ֻǰȴ֪
̵˵ⲻǽ֤𣿡
һ٣̧ͷü֣ȵ˵˵̫ˣ
ײʲôֻϵ֡
ǱȽ֤Ҫ
ΪҶףдȥǰ϶ʲô
峤޸ġ
ȹʱ򡣡˵ܰϣȼ׻Ҫ
ٶȺܿ죬д֣޴ҳԷ
ٷŻ磬඼ͼһԡ
ӣЩ꣬ͱű޶˯
ֿĺ庢ӣ̲ס°ɣһ˯ˡ
ôģڻ壬ֲǲ
бһۣЦЦĶ԰˵˯ȥݣ
Ƕô죿
֣
߳ŭԼ²࣬ӸסԴ
˯ˣˡ
ֵģ项֪ǵĶʲô
ڴš
֪˶ãԺУоһȵ󱳡
һ˫ְ§ߴһȣͳƵ
˯һ磬˯𣿡
ֽŵĲתͷŻ࣬˵Ҷ˯ˡ
࿴ʹԸתԼڰֶЦУ˯ɡ
֣
ˣ
նһ£˵֣ϲ£ҹʱΪⱲӶС
̾㣬ϣְʵжҪ¡
лл֣Һܸмź
ࡣһæתҪʲôҶᾡܰʵ֡
ɬǼ˵Լĵ׵ĻҲҪлл㣬ûûҽ졣
§סಱӣؿڣ˿Ǹжָж
Ҫлл㣬һңôˡ
šͷգƵ˵ǡ֡Ȱҡʵֶɡ
֣
ĸжأм֮أȫĻ
飬Ϊҹɫ˿˿תɢ
л˵
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ


74 
գƣƵƤ⡣͸϶䡣
, ƣƵƤ⡣
͸϶䡣
˿˿ƺĹߣһ갲ݵ˯, һҼž
Ժ, ʶЩ, ͶϻĿ⡣
ˡбڿϣĿŰ֣𣿡
۾ʵˣ
ʮࡣ˵ţչȥڰһ£Ҫǻ˯
ˡҡͷ, ֳڿ,Ѿ˯ˡ
ͻ˯̫, ˯ȥʱ, ѾǺҹ
һֱİ֣һ˯, ȻŲ
ﲻ𣿡ݸ·˳ְͷ̺ٸ㰴
һ٣漴ӿ촩·ٶ, СûУͦõġ
鰮ĶӦǻϸ
ǳչϧ֡
û̫۸е̫ʹ, ºϴҩͨ, û¡
ִ˿̳һ, ûиеôһ⡣
أûһ㶯ʻִࣺ򷢳ȥˣ
ǻҴ򷢡һü˵緹ܳȥˣѱ޶Ҳˡ
漴صĲУţһʮ
Ҳ㴵ɡ̲סЦΪ̫Ǽȷʵܸɡ
⼸ӣͱˮûǮ
ÿﶼмٿǮ
࣬ŸƽǽͣҲһ㸺Ǻúӡ
ĩá¶ͬ˵ĻҲֱӣ˵ǰҷֵָ֪һ鷳
ɶ鷳ֲ⣬Ϊʲôô˵զ֪
ʱ䡣һͷü͸¶ŷ꣬аѧϰ𣿡
ֶͷ¶˼Ϊ˵û
֣
ȷʵ˵顣
ѧϰˡ룬Żģ㲻ǣѵ
аɡһ˵ЩҸʢ࣬ȵӡ
ǼһʲôƢԣ
ƽϻ侲ĻһǸɵ󵨣Ұѱ
İָǶ֡
촽˳Щɬĸڻߣ뵽޼䡣
˸һĹϵ
Щ죬Ƴۻ࣬Լʢࡣ
Цˡ
ͻһˣԶ˴ңûбǸ׽ˡ
ȵϴ꣬Ժ࣬Լɻ¡
ΪʲôҪӼ̳һѽʣƽ˵޶أ
˭աû˵޶ǵҵһо͸˭
֣
ͣº֣Żǲ⣬ֵָܲ⡣
ѵøʲôƵı޶ҲУ
ǽһ࿴ҲûڲԼ˼Ժ˭չ㻤㣿
ͽܣڻ׶һЩһֱ
Ժ峤֮λҲǶ
Ժ󲻹ߵʲôλãֻҪ峤
ͱصٽӡ
ƽǼȴǲһס
ԴӲκڴ
Ժ󡭡࿴ŰӣʹüɫпܣҲΨһТˡ
ԡҵһжӡ
ɫᶨ˭ܶãҵһо͹
ֲ㾪°ͣĿɿڴؿŻ࣬ھͿʼ֮¡
ٵչж
㡭ǣգգۣ𾪣ʵǰ棬û˻𣿡
۾ˣ뵽Լͻ»ڶ졣
ǿס
סˮٴʻࣺ㵣ңҰźã
˵ʲôأෳüЩգҾǸ㽻ǵļ̳˭
ߴֺٰ࣬ԣôࡣ
ڿ»顣࿴̸֮£̫ˡ
ֵͷȷʵ磬Ϊʲôô뵽Ҫǰأ
ףǵԼǰΪԼ·ҲΪԼ
šѹɬ̧ͷ࣬ʲôҶᷴԣ˵İ졣
ʹ󣬿Ͳн٣ֶԼٰӡ
Ż
ֲ빼꣬ŬԼҪԹ⡣
˵ҵĹغܶࡣ˵ѵܸĸģⶼʲôˣҪЩǿѵĹء
кܶªϰùء˵ȻҿԸģȫȡޣƬҾסأûš
ԼԸڴӡ˵ڱ˵һԸ⣬бȵ
Ҳͬ涨ı棬Ȼд·
͸ָأƶʺȺĹء
ԻʱҲƶ档
ʵɫЩɣʺ˵ҲдҪ峤ﳤأһ·ܼʱ
ֻǡ̾Ϣⲻ޶˵һ𣿶Խ峤̫Ѻˡ
Ĵɫԥ˵ǽɢһҪ˼峤𣿡
ࣺ
ûлش⣬Ϊʮ֮ǰյʱ
峤ɢˡ
ǰԵĴһֱûϣ಻ԼܴӦ֡
һһֱ峤˵ֱһ̡
Ǹʱ򣬶Ѿˣ峤һְ
̫Ϊѡ
ΨһΪġ˵ϵе£Ŀǰ޿ܡ
̬ЩǿӲЩȻĿغ⡣
췴ڣҲΪϾʦͽһ
֣
Ȼǿα˵ôȻɫô˰
ˡּæǲ̸Ӧ޽⣬ûҪǿ
룬ָ˵ûҲһڣǺͦʵ
ɿصɫԻ°ֿڡ
Ҫ˴С
Ǵ˼ʮǧһ仰
ܶϵġ
࿴һֱͷ࣬еŵģҲҪ㷢Ƣ
æֻͣʱӲһЩ
ûͣҪǶӺڣʲôԼͽЩ
ȻϣԼӰͽܣǸԶŵˡ
Ƣһ鷳ǿԼ
ֵ֪ͷ̧ۿ࣬ۺЦ˵ûѽ˵ˣºú˵һƢġ
һ°ͣ뵽ϴζԼǸ֤¡
Цݲãʮ˵ҪǶҷƢôʰ㡣
ֻˡ࿴ȣഺЦһĨЦҲĻᡣ
ֻǰָղŵ̽޷Ӧϵ¹ش
һܾ
ڰֲǿ̽޹תƻ⣬ûûΪѵ˼
ʲôʣҸ
ۣ׵Ķӣ
һȦûҵǸλﻹǺٿ
֣ǰݵλأˣ
ͻȥˡ˵ܷڼġ
꣬Ҫȥȥϴڼ뿴ø㡣
໰䣬泳֣
ֱ壬ͷ˵˳ܣȥ
ֻܽű޶һ˷ܡ
硣˵ˣҪȥ򹤡
Ҫּҵġƽ䵭˵Ҫ㡣
Ҹɶһڣͷ˵Щϼһأ˵ȥ
»飬˼Щ£ֻԼͰֵСӡ
һᷳһ䣺һĶʡģһȺܼ
͵Цһֲ֪ͷˡ
æȰҲǵ׶Ҫɶ
ͦϲЩҳ̵£ÿζĽζо˼
вڵġ²Ȱ˵һ̲ˮ̫﷦ζˡ
ࣺ
ŹֵĿ֣ﰵֹɶ˼ԺҲڣ
̾һĳ˵֣ۿɲѧЩˣǶǳԱŵû¸ɣһǷʰ㲻ѧǡ
ҪǰҲ
಻üͷһʱеˮȵĸоӿզѽ
ҵȻѧǡַһֵۣۼҺúõģɶڵġ
һඥʮã²ģǰ˳
־Ҳֲ
ͺáϲɫһο˵첻ͣӣûɶ˼
ɶأˣյһ۾˵ҵɶˣ
ȻôԼ
һ̧־ס䣬ǲ
ǡûֺЦ˵զ᲻úùء
ղ˵Ļɶ˼ûŪִŵʣղʲôˣ
ûʲôε˵ǲͷЩˣԼҵԼֵʲô
е¾ҪҲܱԸԸܣǿ־ǳͣ
治ͷЩ¡
ֻԴشӶӣЩǰǣܶû취
⵹Ҳǡֵͷ뵽峤ݣ֪峤ݵ˲࣬ҪǶ֪
ⲻüëƤС¶Ҫҹ
ڣ໹һƣǰЩ½Щܡ
鷳еۣ߳ƽǣȥұˣûʱǵ¡
˵һۣеŭ䲻ǳɵɵ²Ͻˣ˵ûʱ䡣
һ첲§סֵ֪ս飬ϲӻ˹ǡ
֣
ƽ
˵ĺе˾Ȼ޷ֻôֱ׳˵
ж
볤ƽǶһۣоԼе㷢̣æͷƿߡ
Լָ
š޶һŴӳý
Сܳȥ
ƽɫ·ûĻҲûģ
ֻתߣһһ˵ˣҸǱ
һؿŰֳ֣࣬ţ磬ǽ飬ҲܲڼҰɣ
ࣺ
̧ȾһţɶʱǻˣԼܳȥģڵǹҲǡ
ෳİ֣ҡ
㿪һţ˵ܳȥﻹţ磬Ƕˡ
ƽʱܵĽȥʱޣȴǲǡ
ˣĪЩʧ䣬ԽԽԶ
ܷƢ˵ǻСô£Ӧöŵ㡣
ࣺһǣпںóԵĶҪǴҪôۣ
˵ţȴʵϵߡ
Ƕ졣꣬ðȥɻȥȥš
ˡָǿ֣ҳȥ˳㺰ǻԷ


75 
Ҹûʱ䡣
ƽ鵭, Χ˵ǻ˰ŵɡ
ԶԡæͷЩҪһ˵һҲҸǿ, Ƣˡ
Ǹղžǰ, ڵ˻˼, ȻЩ˽ȥ
޶СţŬĹҪЩ档
ְ˵ˡ޶СţˣͲˣǶ߰ɡ
֣
ߵſ, ޶仰, ʱһ
漴첽ǰ, һѱ޶, Ц˵ʲôأ
ֿˣ¶΢Ц˵, ҶмҵˣЩҲ̫˵
ϾЩǼ£ٻѶأ׸
˵ˡֵ̫, Ȼִ㣬Щ»Щ塣
ǻЩʹЩоĳɡ
໹ʮǲκЩҲãοƢֱĺܡ
ҲʺϹЩҳ̡
ࣺ
, ˳ų, ſ˵Ļ
ָж, ֲԼ䣬ΪԼᡣ
ֱű޶߳ţҪųƽǡ
˴ߡ
û뵽ճ֣Щ˸һΧߡ
ǡ
ôǮ
Сѽһʮ̫̫ЦеĿŰ֣Ҫлл㣬ŮŹ
һ긾ŮҲЦżߣ˵пɴˣǮ
һĿΣŰֲ֡
ҼҺҲҷݹ¡˵ɶУ۲Ҳ٣зĹС
֣
Ŀ΢оЩЩѰһԼǻ
ͺһ޲ðһ¡
Ǹһ£ЦſЩΧסԼˣҪйһܲǽ
ǿ˻ԣڹܹǱߵ£ﻹкܶûء
˵˻Ҳڴ㹤һҲ࣬˵ʲôʱͻ
ˣЩһ࣬ǳԼġ
Ȼ䣬취æԼҲȥС
Ҳ¶ΣЦҪܰæҲ˻Ƕû
֪Щ²ܺҴӦԼмͣԼ
л˻ǵǰ棬ֲɿڰæҲû취
ֻǻǾŲ뿪
Ҫ̽ʣҼСҲȥУ˻һ𣿡
֣
ʲôë
ֱ˻˵ˡֲֵҹܣڴӦ
ˡƽƿΧŰֵļˣǲûûˣ
ŴӰ˼ˣǾѼ˶͹ȥǲеôˣ
⣬üǲǿָ˵۸ѽ
۾ȭͷһҪ˵ģ˵Ҹ粻ӦҲ۸ָ硣
֣
һûô˭۸˶ܲһš
ûֹǣֵΪԼͷůůġ
ˡ˵һȥɣﲻǡ
˵תҪߣȴһʮŮסһʶ
ǰӵġһЦݣֵ͸⣬²ż޽ӡ
ƿŰ֣࿡̬ʣǷƵȡ
˽Ȼͬ
ŶֵͷԵʣ𣿡
ûʲô¡Ʋ˼ЦЦжҼﻹмá
֣
ҪԼܶ
ʶߣû뵽ôҪԼܶŵ׻Ǳܲ
ֻźͻ鰡
ֲ˵Լû󣬸뵱ô棬̸⡣
˼Ҫô˵ʱ
Ƽ˵ø첲ͱͱԵĻ־㣬ʾԼ˵
־ӵϱʾ⣬̿˵֪֪࣬ʮһ꣬ڻûж󡣡
ЦǺǵ˵絽˽䣬еĺӶˣȼʲ
־㻹˵ʲôͱܻһ£˵ʲôأ
ֿɩպʹ飬ñȥ
־һ£֪Ϊʲô֣һ²վȡ
Щ߳ŭ˵զˣ֪ܶʲô£
͹ҵ¡һӣ˿˵ǼҵˣֵõϹƱơ
ʲôǼҵˣ־һӣһӴĸֻ֪֪ǽסǼңѵǻһӲɣ
˽ܶ󣬶£кõ˭ԼҰ
־㲢ΪԼԣΧӵˣѵԼҹŮѼҵĺӽܣ
ֳúÿĻǴѧǽĳˡ
ǮбвŻڹ⡣
־ҴƱǰֵ˲ֻûϱô
⻰˵Χû˽ӻǿŰе
ѿ뷨
ҧȭͷ־ףȴһֱû˵ĳƽס
ֵ־ڰգסüͷ΢΢
ţҪǶŸܶԺͣӹ
¡˵겻ǣһкܶҪæ˲ϸ˵¡
ֻ⻰䣬ƺͻ־㿪ڣӵЩˡ
Ȱ֡
Сѽ𲻺˼͸ˡ
ҪץˣõĹŮûˡ
ǴһȱĴǿ֪֪ס
ЩЩͷۣ̲סڰ˵ұ˵ˣæû˼
̲סֲһ䣺ʮĶû㡣
˵ҪߣǱסЩӴɶĲġ
ȰȰǰԼǵҲڱ˼ҴţҸԼɼҶá
ʱ飬סδ˼Ҷãܱǿѽ
ۿҪһȥæǼзӣ԰ס
һѻ־㣬Ц־һֱ˵֪˺ãأҪǸá
־ͷ԰ЦҲ֪ҰǴӳ﷿ӻ
ƽʹס¶һĨЦ漴ͷյ޶˵һ䡣
໡û˵ʲôֻ޶һɤӣ屻ǰˡ
򡣡޶׾СԴ־㣬㣬Ǽҡ
׺ݵ֣Ҫ־㣬һֱŴ
ľ⺢զôף
޶ּæʵôˣܴ˰
Ǳ޶ץ־㣬Ҫµء
ĸҷҲ֪ƽʱɿɰĺӣôͻȻ
ŶЩš
⺢ӡΧ˷׷׶㿪±޶ץһѣôˣ
ǵһοƢ湻˵ġ
ÿѺˡ
ű޶ۣЩ˲˵ʲôϾСӴż¡
Ҳܻȥ
ɳưͿûԸ⣬ΧŰֵˡ
Ϊ˶㿪޶ץӵֶÿˡ
߶ʱ徻ΧóһƬյأû
޶զˣԾûԼֶ̫ˣ
СƢеһƴͬôˡ
ǰ׾Сҧгݺ۾ģȥȰ
ƽ
ĬĽԼͰֲöЩ˷
ǾҸûй˼ɵˡ
ԡְﲻֵı޶µأǻؼҡ
־ɫ࣬û뵽ԼСƨô˵ҪҪ

⺢Ҫúý־˵ŰӲжԴִģ
ôߺӡ
֣
еߺӣ֪޶ƽʱôű޶Ե޹ôԻ־㡣
ôӡɫƽƳ˻־һ˵
һô£ҪԵ޹ôƢǸ
Ҳ޶ˣСͨ죬һ§סֲӴ޵Ҫְ֣ҾҪ
֣
ԭ
ġı޶󱳣ҪޣְĶȥڼ㱦޶
һ޶аְְ֣ҲԳǱ޶ְ֡
һʱûӦʲô
ɴ۾˼ĿŰ֣ΪʲôҪ޶ְ֡
ԼȢϱ
СӶˡ۾ɨһȦ䵽־ϣ˵Щұ߲ŷƢ
ͣһ˷׷׵ͷСȷʵ
Ҳ
û¾Ͱʱûպ÷ִ磬úӡۡޡ
׷˴Ҳ١
־㣺ԭǹԼˣ
ֻ˳Ҳúúỵ́̽ľ˭ܵˡ
֡ƽֵܣ
һ
⻰ô˵治һҲû
ۼ־㲻һãͻ˺
Ǵһ׷׿ڵһӣƽʲôȥ˵˵ˡ
СӲ£һ֪ף˵׾ͺˡ
־һҶ˵Լɫˡ
Ƕʲô־㻢ΧˣӾ͸̣ûղʲô
Ƣ˻ɱ˰
Ȼû뵽־ô˵Ҫ޶
ǸǴһ٣
֪ȥҪ˵˵޶ӽһԵľͷƢ
Ҫñ޶ǸǶֽѵһ٣ָ롣
ôСۡ
֪Ǩŭǹֻ־޸Լ鷳¾Ͳ˽µ˵
Ҫͥ˵
ĵģҪʲôô޿ַҪԼɿڴӦ
ڻ־˵ôأӿһɻɱ˵Ļ
ô˵һĺӣǲЩˣ
̫ˡޱĿŻ־㣬ﲻҪ޶һ٣Ҳ˵ʲô
ָŻı޶һ¶ĺӣ˵ô񶾵Ļ֤ƷҲô
־һû뵽ƽʱ˭ЦӯӯһƢģ
쾹Ȼĵ˵Ʒã˭ĵӣ
ˡ
ӳ֣ͥǴһƽʱҶӡ
Ȣŵϱ˳
㡭־ǰһҪ˵ʲôƽһ䣺Ҫ޶𣿡
޶СһͻȻתͷԼԺӣ޵֣֣˴ҡ
ƽĬĬһعѹ˦ȥˡ
߳˵ĻֳĶ

ֻðּʶһ£¶ˣס
ҲǸǺˡ
ҴҶӣ˴ţŲֱͣ־㣬˭ĵӣ
ûС־ɫһ䣬ر˼û򡣡
ͣǰķ۰УЦһΪǴӳĶӣҾͲҶ㣿
ʲô˵ᣬҼſڡ
ȭͷĻ䡹ðҵϱ
项һ־㱻߳ȥһ׶ԶҪǱΧ˵һ¡
Ƿļƣܱһߵȥɼһжء
ǰ־ߵǲ˵˭Ҳ۸Ӽˣ۸Ҷӣ

û뵽˺Ԥ׵ľͶִˣĿŻ־㱻߷ɣصڵϡ
˵ʧС
ˡƿ޺ű־㣬ΧҰæȥҴӳҹ
֣
ûжۿţûһȰ˼Щ˾Ƿѵ
ֻǿŻı޶ЩСƢ̫ˣ
һĺӡ
̾Ϣµ׹˭


76 
ȡ
־Ŷ, ۵ĺৡһ㣬ƾʲôң
һ˶, ־, Ҫе㹦йȥһ
һܰѪ
ƾʲô, ޲һȭƾŪҶӣƾ۸ҼˣƾҼſ¡
ȭͷġǡ죬ֱִĶ־ôΪ˴ģ
־㣺
ڡһվҧ, ŭЪĿŻࡣ
ʲô־ռ, ҫǸ, ô
ǡƷŻ־, һŭصǻż˶࣬ΧӲ, ۸۸Ǹƾʲô
ǡЦˣĿԷޣȻǻ˲, 㻹޹
ҡ֧֧־Ǻõģǲһ
ɶһЦһΧЩ,ջ, ûŻѪ
Ӿͻ־Ǹˣ
ƿͶ, ʱĻң֪Լ˵ˡ
ɿˡƴӦر죬Ϊ㣬Ҫӵ˹ҡ
㻹֪ɿһڣ۾ָŰ˵ղɿӵˣǸܶʲô˼
ɿҾͲУ
ܣЩˣĵĻ
Լ˵ġҶж䣬ֺɿ
ƣ
Χˣָָ㣬ԽԽƵ
Խˡ
ҪǵôˣԺԼôڴƼĲС
־㣬ҪԼ˵ʱԽ˵Խࡣ
־ӵϱʾ⣬ָŻ죬ʲôȨϱ
ֵΪռ֣ͿΪΪû˹㡣
ӣ˶ɵ࣬ǿ˳ۡ
첻ϱҵǸ־źݻҺûꡣ
ûꣿ̧߹ȥɫصҿôûꡣ
𡣡ּæסǴ˵
ѻԼڻǰŻ־ޡ
Ҷ𡣡˵Ǿ˵ɡ
ָŻ־˵֪أûзִ硣
ҪܶǺĻʲô뷨Ӧڽʱ
ôǰ˵
˵º޹˼ɣҲҪر˵뷨Ѿίľܾˡ
ੲݷҪڴӦ
ûϲ˱ţ־̫˷У΢еǵˡ
˱ýˡ
ҲǺ񡣡˵ΪҶԸǳκιϵ
ھֻӬں³Ӧȥģʮܡ
ֿһȦΧˣֵ˵һ飬ڲҶϣԺ¡
Ҷͷ̧ͷϣܺúദֵϲÿ
˵л࣬ûϵҲûҶ
С
û£ҲһıŰḺˡ
ҲΪáֱ׳ֿڵѵܶ󻹴˲ɣ
û˵ҡҡͷԽԽᷳҲҪΪҺá
һ˵ллǣҲǱΪҺˡ
ֻ֪ҪԼӦͻһѴȰĻ
ԼһͻԼϿ۴ñӣڿ˵ΪԼá
治Ҫֺá
¡˵ɡ
ֿۻ־㣬ҽҩҸ㲻⣬ҪʲôΣҲ
ϾҶһже
˵꣬ͱһߣҵ㲻ùܡ
ָΧĻˣһ治֪ϻôϢȻڴҶ󡣡
ָ𣺡ǹŮ޲ȥˣƤǳĶ˲⣿أˣ˭ôģ
һûʺֵǼҹŮ֪֪֪ˣҹŮɶʱҪ࿴ˣ
ѽ⻰̫ݣ˵꣬ͼܶ฾Ů̧ס
һģ
ָƣԻ˵ͷҲ˵кõ˭ԼҰ
һֱţȫʱҲһЩ
ܶӴﶼ˵֣ΪԼҹŮݼҺӽܡ
ֻ»Ƥǳ°ֲӦһֱû¡
ԡһŮվ˵û˵ܶ¡ⲻ־ϱǾŶ˵һ˵ð֪֪Ƕ˼
˭ֳ֪
ǹңƲţЩ˾ȻƸզ˵ҲԼҺӽܣ
զû˵ŮһĿƣˣûҸղ˵Ļ
ѽһվָƵ˭ˣ˵ʵѽ
ģǲŸ˵ġ
ǰҪ˵˵Ҫ˵һ˵¡
תۼ˳һߴߴõָ
֣
¶ԽԽͷۣࣺһﻹۣһƵĿŻ־ʲô
ܴ
ʹ¡⣬صҪ첻ܣҶΪȫˡ
֣
Զԡ
ˡҲǲͷһҪǼſڳҼſڡ
ӻ֣ͷصȥǾͷۡ
ˡ
ˣҲȥˡ
Զԣ˵զӶء
תۼ䣬ղųĻļŮЦӯӯ˵䡣
Ҫ뿪
ЩΧۣûв볳ܵˣҲʼŲŲ
һ׼ߵļơ
֣
ĿɿڴЩһû˵ģ֪ʲôˡ
ߡ־һ˶Ҫߣˣ۸ϱ߰ô˵¡
զأһŮתͷɫʮֲã˵˵զ۸ϱˣͷЩ˵ģ
־һҭ
Ϳˡ
˵ܶ£ЩҲǴ˵ȥģǡ
Ҳܶǡ־صҲзݣΪʲôǣ
ǲëŮ봸ͷԽ־Խ˳ۣû㻹ô
ֲǡ־㿴һ治ԼʱҲˣŲӺ˭˭ȥ
⻰һڣܶʱѻȸһؿ
ǿɵһ
־㣺ǿҸʲô˵𣿡
͡˵ĸŮЦˣһͬؿզأ
οҲûˣ˵Ƿǡ
ĸ˽ܶҲûĵ˾֪˽½Ӵ˵˵
ԷԸ⣬Ҳס
Ҫ࿴ɹҲ˱Ů˫á
ǽͲһʱȣҶ˵£ȫԼĴ
ﶼңڴ˶࣬һ˵£͵˵ЦҲ̫
ŮںĻ֣ܣԼҰɣûͣûô
һںڹǱˡ
Ҽ־㰤ˡӢ˵ô죿Ե޹ʾͱһٰɣ
־һָ޶صһСƨִʲô
ŵһڣһмصǸ֣Ҳӣ
ࡣƤһѱ޶һţ֡
ΧҲʱ֪ˣ˲˵ʲôһΧסࡣ
ֱס˱첲ȵʲôС
İѻΧס
һĹ˲˵Ҫѹһ𣬺޲ðѻ˶ס
۾ؿŻ־㣺Ǹ֡
ʹţƴıŲ嶯
ЩŮˣСһʹˡ
಻̫ǡ
ֻһ˫۾·˺һݺݵĶŻ־㡣
ƿڴԶΪȢϱƴȥˣΪ˰һϹۡ
ƿҪˣŵ־㣬ȴֱ־һ
ʲô־ߣмĿŻ࣬Ӳ
仰ʱһ㶣漴߳ŭ
˭־ָŻ࣬ҲƿڴæϹ˵ɶأ
ޡݺݵһڣһĵ˵ǰҴһæ
һйϢΪǷ飬զôأ
ʹ죬Щȴû侲취
ֻĬĬŻ־㡣
ð˵˵Ķԣǲʲô΢¡
ͻȻЦЦûֻ꣬Цű
áͷǳƽ˵ҵĴʴӳңûȤ
۾΢УǴЦ⣬ֻǡܸٸǡ
־㲻мߵ֪֮ˣǵװʲôˡҲǸֵصģΪڳأ
ԡͷ϶˵úᵱ£ȥľ͹ȥˣھһӡ
ࡣܣʵ˵˵ˡ
׸鷳ˡ
û¡Ҫһ£˫ֶ˱סȴ¡
ΧˣǶ֣Ҳ֣Ƿġ
塣һʮŮˣŻǧ֣ˡ
֡࿴º͵˵ſɣɶʱ˵ˣ
ɿֶ֣˵Ƕſɡ
ǻøҵŮȻŻ࣬ݺݵ˻־һۡ
תˡ
ô౻˷ſתͷ֣⡣
ЦЦ԰˵Լһ㣬Ϊʲô桢뷨֧䣬ưͿίԼ
ĵǣˡ£˼ɡ
˵ЩͿ־̫ҪǴӳӣΪ˭Ҫ档
ܽἸһǣõô˵ֽܶ󣬸ñܾ󻹽׷ᣬĶһҪʹͬ⡣
ǣ۱޶ʲôϾһ꺢ӣЩ黹ֲʲôд׵ĸ𣬲ͬ˵ӵ¡
ǣʲôԶֻ˵һӵˣͳ飬־ͲΪ֣ڻſڡ
ʵܼ򵥣о׻˵úã򹷻ÿˣ־ûû൱£Ǵֺαظ
ʹˡ˵ҵµСҪΪã͵֮ûԵ
ЦЦʻ־㣺Ǯȥɳң
־㣺
ȻûǮҡ
־˸ﰵƣô죿Լѻݺѹȥû취ڴӺߣٲҶ˭ָֻš
˵ɣ࿴һֱ˵΢΢üʱ䡣
˵תԳڰ˵ȱ޶ȥ
࿴ˣֶԻ־˵ڴ˵ôӵ˵ź˵Ǽģȴ˻֡
Ż־ʣ㻹𣿡
ҡ־һ㶣Ȼ£ټġ
־ںһûУһûأһûС
ͷͬáҴ㣬ȱ˭ܴ˭
ǽˡ
Ҳٷϻʵû𣿡
Ȼ־˵ֵҵˣǸ
ָ۸֣ҶӣҾʹ㣬һδһΡ
㰮զզء
л˵
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ


77 
ƾɶ
־۾, һָ˵˵ʹû
һоرЦ,Ҽſ, ΪΪָٰ, ӵ
ǰһɫʵǲ
ҾͲ־ʾǰվڻǰҿܰզأ
۾üͷȭͷ߬
̧, һֻ, סȭͷ
תͷ, ֽŵ, ü۾ǵǵģ
ʱһ͡
ֶҡҡͷҪԽԽ, ǳԿ
ˡ
ָϣַǰҲѱ档
ָоرƣ
ôģ˵ֱ˵ɣǲ, ˡ
ߡ־⣬˾ͽˣ⳥һٿǮǺӸ¹Ǹ, ¾ȥˡ
ΡһѰ, Ҫǰ,ϿɴҲҶӸ¹Ǹ
ҹ򡣡Ż࣬һҪ򣬡ˣûϣҲ²
ͲˣΪʲôԼˣҪЦһС
־ñ˿Լˣѻ˵ôƯΪʲôͲУ
µûʲôΣĵһΣ⵽Ϊʲô
֡һǱ˺ݺһѣסָ첲˵ɶҲ£һɬ˵ҶԲ㡣
ƽǰһУ׻ˡ
֪Ҫ˺ֺαذѱ޶׷ⷬ˼
׻ǰѴͰְǰ


ΧЩˣеķһеĵһ
˭Ҳûֵֵز
𶯡ʹðվֱⲻ¡
Ѱһƣƽ
漴־㡣
ĮһûУǹɷ겻ͳͳʧ
ҪǮûС˵һţԻ
˵ʾ⣬ΧɢÿһЩǡ
а壬ôѽ
ǰ壬㲻ܺһСѽ
ҷ׷׿Ȱ⣬ǻ⣬ġ
ǴȰ־㣺㲻֣ܶ㳤Ҫүүġ
⺢̫ˣôǶîîĽ棬Ժݻô
ǻ־ȥֱӲᷳĻ֣ȵұ졣
ӡ־Щ֮Աǣǲм˵Ǵ˵
ֿࣺ˵ģһȥɱڣ
ͷɵ˵˵ģҪҺڣһԺͿͷүү
а־ͷһ̧Ƽ£һ˷ܵЦǮͲǮɣʡ˵Ҷ㡣
û֪־жۣһٿǮ
ôķˡ
û취಻ϸҲֳ̫
ԼҪǮ
˵ˡ־Ц´༸ۣ񲻻˵Թ
ûүүǲָǰŪˡ
ǿڴһ¡
ٷϻֱվţûһ˿˵˼˵Ҳ˷ʱ䡣
ֻ⻰ȫ£־һѾ߳ȥŻֱĿڡ
࡭־һ˦ƽҪǰ㿪
˵һٿǮһǧһԸ
־ߵĿڣһҪ˵ģʹĲС
ֻǳƽһѰקȥַſǸǮ
ֺڣղŻŸԷ棬ûɳ
ֻǱϾҪڴſھҪҾ촦ôЩôô
ֻҪ˼ǻˣҪЩء
Լֱͣһ¡
ⳡ־
˻ۣԼһ򣬻ʲô飿
־˵Ǯ۾ʱһӲס߳ȥһš
ͣڻĿһĵط
֣ԥһ˲ʣǵ׾ûУһһ
ǮͷſҪԼĿڵֻţһĨʧ˵߰ɡ
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ѾһΣٴڶΣƾ紦ɡ
ޡ־ݣ߷ߵһڣ˭Ҳͣ¡
ֻȸ߳ȥ˺־һ
Ƿݵʹȫ߳һš
顣
һڻĿڣ˿ӲһţֻǻȻ־⡣
Լ໡һɤӣͨˤڵأСʹͣ
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һ֪أûзִĶӣҲˡ
С־ͬصƾʲô˵ûˣ
˵סһΣղŻ˵Ļ

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ǻǮˣ־ͻȻҰˡ
졣˰شȣһŭĶʲô˵⻰
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ͲˣΪʲôԼˣҪЦһС
־ñ˿Լˣѻ˵ôƯΪʲôͲУ
µûʲôΣĵһΣ⵽Ϊʲô
֡һǱ˺ݺһѣɬ˵ҶԲ㡣
ƽǰһУ׻ˡ
֪Ҫ˺ֺαذѱ޶׷ⷬ˼
׻ǰѴͰְǰ


ΧЩˣеķһеĵһ
˭Ҳûֵֵز
ʹѰӲק¡
Ѱһƣƽ
漴־㡣
ĮһûУǹɷ겻ͳͳʧ
ҪǮûС˵һţԻ
˵ʾ⣬ΧɢÿһЩǡ
а壬ôѽ
ǰ壬㲻ܺһСѽ
ҷ׷׿Ȱ⣬ǻ⣬ġ
ǴȰ־㣺㲻֣ܶ㳤Ҫүүġ
⺢̫ˣôǶîîĽ棬Ժݻô
ǻ־ȥֱӲᷳĻ֣ȵұ졣
ӡ־Щ֮Աǣǲм˵Ǵ˵
ֿࣺ˵ģһȥɱڣ
ͷɵ˵˵ģҪҺڣһԺͿͷүү
а־ͷһ̧Ƽ£һ˷ܵЦǮͲǮɣʡ˵Ҷ㡣
û֪־жۣһٿǮ
ôķˡ
û취಻ϸҲֳ̫
ԼҪǮ
˵ˡ־Ц´༸ۣ񲻻˵Թ
ûүүǲָǰŪˡ
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ٷϻֱվţûһ˿˵˼˵Ҳ˷ʱ䡣
ֻ⻰ȫ£־һѾ߳ȥŻֱĿڡ
࡭־һ˦ƽҪǰ㿪
˵һٿǮһǧһԸ
־ߵĿڣһҪ˵ģʹĲС
ֻǳƽһѰקȥַſǸǮ
ֺڣղŻŸԷ棬ûɳ
ֻǱϾҪڴſھҪҾ촦ôЩôô
ֻҪ˼ǻˣҪЩء
Լֱͣһ
ⳡ־
˻ۣԼһ򣬻ʲô飿
־˵Ǯ۾ʱһӲס߳ȥһš
ͣڻĿһĵط
֣ԥһ˲ʣǵ׾ûУһһ
ǮͷſҪԼĿڵֻţһĨʧ˵߰ɡ
ָҪ죬ͱƽһסΰôҲ֡
ѾһΣٴڶΣƾ紦ɡ
ޡ־ݣ߷ߵһڣ˭Ҳͣ¡
ֻȸ߳ȥ˺־һ
Ƿݵʹȫ߳һš
顣
һڻĿڣ˿ӲһţֻǻȻ־⡣
Լ໡һɤӣͨˤڵأСʹͣ
ֵɴ۾ԤеĻ౻߷ɣڵ˵龰
ûг֡
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ġ项ѾһգգĶŻ࣬Լǲۻˣ
ǻǿ׳֧ŵʱ䳤һ㣬һ˲Żˤ
ҵȡ־ˤڵϣԼȺʹ˲ϵĺˡ
ͷһ£ôҲ벻ס
ߵɶûУ˵ȴڵϣ·𰤴һ
ҲûӦһãȻĿŻ־㣬Ϊʲô۵һ
һǱͣ˶һĿŻ־㡣
۵һҲûᡣ
㡭ӳ˰ܹ˫ϥǣҡ㡣
ˣҪִ־㣬ȴۼֿס
֡˵־㱻ˣˣɲְܶ
߿˰һ֣˦˵ûϹ
־һĻ
ڻǰζ׺ݲ񣬻ǽߵλá
˰ڻľѡ
Һ㶼ͣ˰ָŶӣҪֻǡ
൥ϥأͷ£ȴǺ˵һ޷¹˲С˹ԭǸһء
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˵ֺȻһЦ˵ĸҺѽ۵ϣҶҪЦӭдűѹǡ
̧ͷ൱ƽһܺ
̾һֵ֪ǺܶˣﶼԹҲ
˰һ˺ðһôܹȫӣ߰˰ٿˡ
û
塭˰Ҫ˵ȴһۿȥ
ޱ飬Ȼϥأ˰أ̵ĺöӡ
˰һɿ־㣬ֻѾˡ
ֻһԹߵĿŻࡣ
죬Ҫ˵ʲôʱֿˡ
ʹ˽ǡ޴󰭡
Ż˰أ˵Ҹ档
ûз˻־㡣
塣˰صͷ˵û̺ãҶԲ㡣
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ʡ
ࣺǰ£ҴûӦòɣ
˰شӣһ϶ǼҪй
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Ȼ壬Ͼһʱﲻ̡
֪иλҪй
Ϣ֯˴ӺܶСȥμй
ҵǣֻнȥˣ˰صĴӲС
ֵҹϵŻ˰ظЦˣôָһݹ
ʻ˰أӳҿʲôôʲôæҪͽ㣿
˰ʱǴӣЩ̧ͷ
ҸЦ˵ͷΪˣӵ̬ڵʮ㣬Ϲû
塣˰ѵͷ£ҶԲ㡣
ʲô취ҪҪķǵȢ
ӵûͣ͵ȥˣֻϣöԸ
Ĵ˰æһ·ŵģжΪѶ಻ס
˰ȫ
ֻǸʱЩйϵ˵£õ˵
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ˤȡ˵ɳ·ڽţʮüȢϱ
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ȢϱӹòںӶˡ
ΪʲôһңҿΪҺ񣬶ԴһͬʣӳһΪӴӲı˽
һˣҹһвмôס
һٵʱҲ˺ܴŰСѧš
Ҷشˣ̾Ϣе˶ϵˣΪȥˣӾôҵģ
塭˰ᣬǶԲס࣬ԼӾȻԻද֡
ô񶾺
ϱָƣʻ˰أôȢģ𣿡
Ӷ˹ʣСӣȻҲҪ
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ϱҲǷŻûйͲ飬ʾ⣺оóһݹ
ۿżֵٷĿȫҲͣ
˰æϿɻǮСݹ
౾æѾô࣬ڲǵˡ
Ƕ˵ǧãһʱǰЩþȫϡ
жˣĻ٣һˡ
ܻ֮࣬Ļ³Թ
Ȼ£ҲںЩǿŻ˰ؼ
ϾҪֵķֱ
ǲ̣˰Ŵһݹ
һݵ˵Ĺ
ڹû֡Цۻ־ȴԻ˰˵ôĿˡ
˭ë
˵ֱӵݹûˣӳ飿
ûС˰ҡͷ˵ʲôҲˡ
һ֪أûзִĶӣҲˡ
С־ͬصƾʲô˵ûˣ
˵סһΣղŻ˵Ļ

ƾҰæڲԸˣ𣿡
ǻǮˣ־ͻȻҰˡ
졣˰شȣһŭĶʲô˵⻰
ǻǮҲģ־ûһǮ
ʮǮֱǮ˰ضҸʮϢ
˰ҪƾܣѾˣġ
ȱ˴򼸸⻹Ҫˡ
໷һȦŰڵϵˣᣬҺʹ˵䡣
һֱдҶףﰵûٰæ
ǲ˶⡣
ϾޣﲻˣҲʲô¶ܰæ
һ˶в
ȫֻһֱںѣټȥˡ
ߴңѾشӼ꣬һֵأﲻʲôԺ¶ҡ
Χ򰵵ֹ顣
һ˴棬ԺҼ滹ܴк˵仰ֵĺͳһ
ҲȫôԵϵ
˵֣ʲô˼Щ뷨ֻȫ°ɣҲմʲôôһҡ
ǱԼ̬ȣһỤŰ֣Ϊǿ
ͬʱҲλεĸߴңǰ˭ǰ취һ
촽ۻ־㣬˵޶ִ
˵Ҷأǵ˵ʲôˣдһ£
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Ȼţ򣬵˵Ļ
˵µʼղĵˣԼ𣿡
ֲף޶ֻ˵֣Ϊϲԡ
ͳʮˣ
ǻ־һˣ˵޶ûɱ˵ĳ̶ȡ
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øǸ˵˵Щ޶Ǹ
¹ȫΪ࣬˴ô
ʱûճ
ΪһʱߣֵĻ嶯һͿ˴
ڰҲˡ
ʵƽǰһɫ䵭˵йء
ֱΧŲߣûվֹҸֽܶԾڱ޶˵Ҫ߰֡
ñ޶һ֣ҾͲټΧ˵£־ȥˡ
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ǿ־޲ģһҪʹִӦǽܶ
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ҾͲ˺Ƥ
ֻ־㣬̫ϣ˵һݴûС
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ûֻǲϣΪѣֲϣҳ棬ű޶һ¾֡
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Ժ¡ƽ˵һԼ棬Һãȫˣ
ַַɣֲָ˳ԷûҪ˼ôࡣ
ҪԶЩ档
šͷû˵ģֻǸ߳ƽҺԼˣҺܲˡ
ƽ
۾һºˣ仰̫ˣƽǵһα˵
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࿴۴ӳüЦһ£ӳ֪ҵģϲ۸ҵļˡ
ڸ˴⡣


78 
ô
ż, Ҫƣô㣬ǿĿڰ
Ǯʲô, û˿, ΪʲôҪһš
ֲס
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Ѱ§ڻﻮһĨˣԼаգ˵ҡ
ķŭۻ־ôڣа취
ֻǰôһ, Ȼ, Щ˶Լû취
԰ȴһɱ
ҵĴֿ, Ƶ˵̫, 㡭
û˵꣬ͱס,ǧҵĴ
ҲڣҪǸտʼԼͳȥ
Ͳᷢչ̶ֳȡ
ð, ӵ˶ʲôر
֣Ǽҳ㷹
̫¡
Ԥϴ, ֵ, ǸǿƵˡ
ΪǵĹϵ, еľԱһնð
㲻ù򡣡²Ը˵Ҳò±ԼĿң
ûСֵͷ۾˵ҾǶǡ
ЭףһξеڶΣԽԽ鷳
ЩˣһֱԼǷͻĹϵ
ɫ԰ף־壬ҧס촽
Ұѵ˵
¡о巢̱˰֣Ժٺʹӵᱻ˷ֵġ
šֵ͵Ӧһ漴ЩھΣ㲻𣿡
ʲôЦֲոˣԼѡġ
˫ץסּԼӣﺬЦ⡣
ޱ˵Ҫͱ֮ѡԶѡ㡣
֣
ھˣ
ʱǳ෢ģǳġ
һ򣬱ʾԼһ棬˶Լ
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ʲôѹʲô飬ǲǻԼв뷨
ڡֿŻ۾ֻۺǸ⡣
ˡ˽§˵ҲˣԲ𡣡
˵ʲôԲ𡣡ȻʧЦŰֺ˵ҪǸң㡣
ﰵ̾Լ˵֣Բѵ˵ڴһƬκ۸
ǱԼͰֵĹϵ
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˰ضһˣŻʹţþû뿪
һ֪ϲֵˡ
ÿȥӲӴ绰뿪칫ң˵绰ǻ¡
żҲ䡣
˵֡
ϸüۼϲãû˰ذľ
һֱ
塣˰һɥҶԲ㡣ûԭ£ܱ֤
Щ飬ⱲӶ˵ȥ
˵оһᣬ·жһصƵģԥת뿪
˰ش⣺ԼӣڼˣҪ򷢳ȥ
û뵽Լһš
ôЩͣ˺ܾãû˴յǰſڶߡ
ͻలһӵİϲ֡
л˵
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ


79 
ˡ
֣Ŵճס
һİ, ɢ㣬˿ˮġ
վ·ڣͨ˴, رĶࡣ
ָ, ûһ㲻˼, Χ̷˷ĽкС
öر
С硣һʮŮͬ־ߵǰʣ۰ף
ЩԾôó˿ʳ
۰סЦζ𣬳һճճرóԡ
ϧˡŮͬ־һͬҡͷҪǵȹʱˣܴܶʳ
ôϧֲ, 漴ȻЦЦ,, ǳ, ҲǳԣôǳԵ
ζͬ, ԳԵͬʱΣζһİײ𣿡
ũҰϧʳٲҲժ۰׳ԡ
ڲһˡ
, һɣԽԽԣ
ÿҶժ۰׻ʡ
ҲǡŮͬ־˰ֵĻЦôǳԵ˷ѡ
Ǯһ룿Ůͬ־ǮҪ, Ǳ˵ļǮһ,һǮһ룿
ⲻǮ
ΪҲǮһ롣
һ˵ıǮЦʣһƿˮǮ
Ůͬ־
۰ײԸʡЦӯӯؼ˵Ե, Ǳˮܱȵģ
һָλ˵һܳһΣҲܳ⼸죬ʱǻٶǮҲ򲻵
ðɡŮͬ־˵ˣǻӹ󣬡Ķ࣬˵£
б˵ġָԱһףЩûİ˷һ룬Ҫ
СҪ롣
ʮ롣Ůͬ־ҿĻȥ㣬һȥԼ󣬻ʡǮء
ԶԶԡּæŮͬ־ףҲѻͷʱһͳˡ
Ҫʮ롣Ůͬ־һȷʵô£ȥһ
ԤԼƮ㣬ĺӶſڲߡ
ôҲҪȥһЩԶ㣬һﶼ
һǮ˳Ŀţһ˸Ůͬ־һף㣬ȳţζô
һ¡Ůͬ־û뵽ֻһ룬Цһζ֪⻹˵
ְ˸˵ߣһߵĻգգۣЦüǮ
ࣺ
ͷŤһߣЩܣ޿κΡ
շ£°ִڴӲڣҪס졣
תһ顣
˭ִ֪Ӧˣ˵ҲûʲôģҲû˼
ˣµ˳Լҵ
ôġ
զЦأִչüһ»࣬Ǯð
ȹʱˣЩǮء
ࣺ֪
ֲɵˣ۸һĶܶһǮ
ټ׵أæʡ˲ʱ
˵ڽףʱ
ǹֲ֡Ϊ⣬ָ·ڣڲڽϡ
˽ִͷߵβҲòһСʱʱ۶ڼҴţ
ǰ־Ѿһνˣûʲô˼
˵ǴӴУطŰˡ
вסˣɵʲôԵŴİס
ʱЩ
ֻǰû뵽ô죬һİס
ʱѾ˴복
ɢˡܿһȦԻ˵Ҳ̯ɡ
ղŻֵĴ֣ٽʱЩ̯ˡ
Ѿ߶
ãͷϴñﻹҡӣˣõ룿Ǯ
˺ˡ֪ˣЦغ粻ˣҹй
ȥӰ
ЦӭһֺõĿŻ࣬˵òã
ߡһصͷʶࡣ
ߡֺˣ뵽Լͻ໹ûӰأߴٵ㣬ȥ극˯һþ񡣡

硣
ֺͻյſڣˣһȥء
ⲻˡЦ粻̯ۿӰȥ
ࣺ
΢Ŀ۰֣΢΢üȥڼҿӡ
硣һ̱Ĳˡ
˵õһ˳ôҪ˦ǣûˡ
ȥȥȥּæǶȥ쿴ӰС
׻˼Ҫһȥǡ
ԥûǴżӣؼʱҲܸǴڻ
û⡣̴Ӧ˵ر֤ǿű޶ǹ
ظʾñ޶ǣֻҪһȥӰ
ֲûЦôNɪʲô
ǲһŲ˵ǻûһһ𿴹أǵһΡ
˻ȭͷʾһԻ˵Ƕ¡
ࡢ֣
ǶһֺۣЦǶĬĵͷ
ʾżһȥ
ʱ䳤ءִս࣬СԺʱ䵥
İûãֻһۣһ仰û˵
εӣﰵԼ̫Сˡ
һȥֲ£ҪĽһ㡣
ĪĽš
йĪ飬رעͻ롣
֪಻ˡ
û취Ϊ˱˴˰ȫΪԺõһ
ֻǴСĽһ㡣

ȵǵӰԺȴ˵һ㡣
֣
̧첲ס򣬡ǲ˵˭֪ǵĹϵ
ԶһָֻС꣬Ŀһ
֮ͥ˵˵ЦЦ޹˼ɡ
ԼŤŤ󡣡˵һȻģһ۾Ϳ⡣
֣
Լϡ
һ𿴸ӰѭѭգºʹŰֲʲôʲô
۾һŶ
Լʲô
Ů£һ𿴵ӰҲǹؾصġ
С֡
͵͵ģñע⣬ҪĽˡ
ϸҲע⵽
߰ɡףüۺЦ˵ȥԵġ
Ż࣬Ŀбӵȥ̹ģ
ͻǸøǡ
ЦΣܿڳ̹Ȼ̬ȣҲһ
Ժɣ
ˣûǮŻ˺ܶණ
׻ˮֻҪĳԵĶȫˡ
硣ıQQӻϵĵӰƱƱˣǽȥɡ
˵ųŵӰƱݸ˵ûһƱˣǼ÷ֿ
԰ּ۾ƤЦָ磬Ǿǰ棬½ѽ
һ죬֪ԼµС˼Ӷˡ
촽˶ЦǶõԵģҪǲ򡣡
ֵĴһֱӰĨҲûȥ
Ϊһֱ֡
ֽŲҶĿбӵؿӫĻֻû¡
ʱһ彩ӲҲڲµӡ
Ҳſˡ
һߵ㡣»࣬Լˣһ㲻ѽ
ÿһ㣬üŰ֣Ȼһ̯һεģ
ЦҲû취㿴Χ
󣬵ҲСΧ˶
Ůͬ־ܼܲ˰ɡ
֣
̽ͷһɲǣŻλŮͬ־
ٿԼߣҲһŮͬ־ҲǼŮ
һҶ¡
ֶ˵ಡһ¿ֱ࣬׳˵ǿŵ㣬Ůͬ־
˵ЦۣԹ󣬺Ŀڻϡ
һֺ̣ˣԹĺͻ¡
ڴ֮ͥµദ
ЦĻĸ첲ЦеصӰֵ
л˵
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ


80 
ס
ִӦһ, ףǮ
һ롣
һ˼ˣﻹʣס
̧ͷ, ȵߵ, ֹʱʮࡣ
ж٣ʣһ𣿡
ࡣ˵ʮ롣
ʣ¯Ļ𣿡
˫ְǰҶ, ϵļ́첲ϲһ¡
¡
㡣ֵëһ£첲Ĩʲô
ëմһˮѻͷϵĲñժ
ӣϸϸһ飬һЩ
ϻȡҲȵһ, ر׵¯,϶Ҫˡ
ˡһ, ̶԰ֵʣһ, Լԡ
ݷ˵ѵϵЩװ, ֻһתĹ
࿴ֻԭûһ㶯˼
΢΢üЩҪ˵
˵ģǻȥ, ʣЩײˡ
ͷüЦĿŻ࣬㶵ģ
ֻƤգգۡ
ѽΣְԽԽС,, ȥ衣
Ҿ֪վ, ʰһ˵ӡ
յߣЦеСҸ㣬һû𡣡
ֺһ°͵ţȥԼ
ࣺ
һ٣ȻŰְ𪽿۵ա
಻ʿˮ԰ֵԼɧϱҡ
ѽһִ̧ۣ˻༸£˵ʲôء
Ĳ֡
ģصҳ緹ȼ˯
ͰǴ򷢳ȥԼ
ŰֵֺϣԼӿë
ֲϵĺ
ϳʲôʣðȫˣҪǳȥףһ£
ȥˣĲۣڼԡ
С˵ȥˣһ
죬ÿʱŵģһûС
Ҳ֪ˡ
ˡûݸ˱Ǯ
һ˲á
⼸죬Ķ׵ǮϴλڹС
ϵǮ
ֿܼ֣Щš
к࣬Լ˱㿴Ķأһǧࡣ
˫ĿŻ࣬ϲþｻӣʹһ»첲
ʣ۲
һ֣ڻհƨһ¡
ʵ۲
֡ЦţŤӻ໳ҡͷԵ˵۲ۣǲۡ
ݸʳֱָǼ⣬ЦҲ꣬³٣ǲܶһ㡣
ȹ꣬ϡϺ۰סЩ͵ñضǡ
ˡֺ٣û࿴˱ǸӸػ˲ء
Ǯû㣬ڶ롣
ҪǶһǮˣһʱʵĵ˳
ǰźˡ˵⿿ＸĶأҲƽʱˡ
˵ò
šͷЩȻ֪ﻹأһҲǱǮ
궼ǿĶعӣҲǮ
ǻĻ
Ҷ˵ˡ㣬㲻Ǯҵ½ҾС
˵дƴ꣬вٵĻÿڴֵǮ
ҪǴִŻǮڳԴϽҲȫ￪
ðɡ룬ͷֵСǮҲ
ţǮŸͻϡ
ǮǸһݼҵס
ֿڻϣͷӣԺҾͿˡ
۰Ͱ͵Сģȡ˻ࡣ
ġͷڰһ£԰İװֵġ
ţϳʲô洫աһСܡ
޶ˡЦƻ࣬ȥţŽɡ
⺢Ҳף⼸ȫǷϵ˯
޶ÿ춼һС
ְ֡޶ţۼˡ
顣޶ʹţһˣְֿ
ôˣţ˵Сģʵˣ
š޶ССüͷ˵ùˡ
˭ˣߵſڣͷʱ޶ùãĸùã
㣬Ա޶޶
Ӧǡ
㴩·ȥһ»࣬ʲô
ƽʱڼ̫ȣǹӴá
ˣᴩϱģ¿ʱǸŮͬ־
Լɶ಻޶ߣҹƨɵʱǻء
졣֡͡һЦ˵Ҳ¶ˡ
Ҳ¥
ʱֲ֪˭Ҳ֪᲻³Է
޶ȴС죬ڻϣüͷǳ˵ģ
˭ˣզôˣ
ְֵĽ㡢㡣޶תͷŰ˵ǲϲҡ
֣
޶ܴ˭ôر
⺢ƢҲ
Ҫ˭ϲһֱţʱʱĸ߻ࡣ
˭˭˵ʲôˡ
еۣ֪һΪ޶ģǻٺá
Ҳһѱ޶Լ˿
ϲѽְӵСְҲϲѽ
кܶܶϲ㡣
±޶գЦ군㻹˶ϲ㣿
±޶СԴοۼЩ˾͹ˣ˲̰ģ֪𣿡
֪ˡ޶ˣСԴ˵ֻҪְϲ
һ§Ű֣һȥ࣬Цӯӯ˵ҲҪϲˡ
޶Լ̰ģҪ̫ϲЩˡ

򵥵ĺͰ˵䣬Ľ㲻ϲ޶˵Լ
ǻ֪ԭΪʲô
֪
ϾԴӸĸȥЩ꼸ûȥ޶ʲôû
ϲϲô
㵹ܡ±޶Цһ֪ϲˡ
ЦСУֳܷ˭òãǲ⡣
ȴ޶ͻȻǵˣ˵ҡ
һ漴࣬Ȼɫ
¥ԽԽ񻰣ֱǻȥˡ
ַŲ˼ǲǴ޶ط䣬⺢ӵ״
ôҶ²̨
վһ¥¥Ͽ԰ֵ
ֵԥɿüͷ˵ļңдˡ
ֿ߼⡹¥ˡ
һ仰ҵǣûҪ˼ɱˡ
ǻĽ㡣
Ҳûаֺͱ޶Ĺϵ׽ǲһˡ
Цŵͷף͵Ŀһۡ
Щ˷ֲԶιϵԼҪзִ硣
ôΪˣίԼأ
׽㣬ҲҪһζЭãߺϡࡣ
˸⡣
л˵
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ


81 
ǰ֡
, һһָż㣬֣߰Ҵ㣬Ľ㡣
ǺáֿŮ, 󷽵ЦЦ,ˮ
Ѳ輸ϵˮ,ζ
˵ָ꣬߳ƽղŶ˵ӻȥϴ
˵ͷûһĿࡣ
ü۵ʹ˵ǰֵģΪȻҪ
ű޶, Ƥ, ι޶ӡ
źۼĴá
ǻ, ʮ, һͷ̷ò㡣
Ľɣ, ˫̥
ǳ಻һһţһ
ӲģĽ죬ʵƽ˵ס, һΪġ
Ǯ࿴һۣü˵ģǮ𣿡
СĽü̾ϢһС, Ǯء
ҲǷ, һ, סá
һֱӶǮϡ
ƲƲ죬һɸֵ˵Ҫǻ﹤ƻӵ¡
ֿ㣬˵㣬㻹˵Ҫףһ¡
˫һ̯¼˵ףʲôӸǴܵġ
ұ졣һۣɫЩÿֻ˵ˣסǼףһ£˭˵ӵˣ
ëһû˵
֣
ڵһԣϱ΢Цżö졣
Ľ̾ƯĴӣһΪǴء
ΰ㡣㷭ۣвʵ˵شˣӡ
ӵĵһۣ;òǻģĽ˵ĸʲôƵġ
ǵŴҿ
ڿˣôƯС¥һ˲Ǯ
ҲϣǴܵĽ㿴Ż࣬ʵܣԺˣ
ֿ۰֣Ц˵ףҪСҲȴǿ
Լ࣬Լ˵һ̯£ʱ
ӡ޶ƽһϴõӹְ֣ӡ
šһӣóӺˣι˵԰ɡ
ˡüͷ΢壬ͬ˵㻹ι
Ż࣬Сιű޶Щ
ߵҲ̫ˡ
һ󡣡Ƥûһ£ֱӵҶӣιι
СӲܹߡԸˬ߾˵ⲻΪá
˵䡣Ľᣬһ˵ôʲô
лú˵
ԻЦЦֿ۰֣þֱ̫ʲô˵ʲô
ŶŶֵͷЦЦͦõġ
ûʲôڸеĻ㣬ǰһ棬ʱ֪㡣
ԸûʲôƢ
ڿ
㡣ֿûгˮݸһ˵Կӣġ
ӹŰЦһǵ㣬ǵסС֪ࡣ
ϸ֣ûʲô̫仯ǰһÿ
ʶû仯ǲܵģôֹôꡣ
оԼܶࡣ
ûʲô仯Ц뵱һôᡣ
ܸţôҲҪ˵仰ѡԸõĻ㡣
ֻͻ㣬û˵ϼ䣬Ǳֳˡ
һֱ˵ű޶£Ľһ΢Ȱ⼸䣬ҲȰȰࡣ
ǰֿţЩĽһ۵㡣
ôϲ޶
ڷˣɫһǲв
Ľ㣬üǱ˵ˣڻ˵Ҷӣʲô
˭ĺ˭ܡ
͸߹ǣû뵽˼껹һ˵Ի
һһ׵ġ
Ϊá㺰⼸仰ЩΣֲĵ˵ôͲأ
ɫǺ죬ҪƢ಻ҷ
Ľ㼱æԲܣ㲻ϲҲҪ˵
ϾʮˣٲǸϹ˵ȥඪ˰
Ϲˡ˵ǲѾûˣǶ𣿡
ЩһٸӣǾǲԾ
ǲԸùá˵Ҳǿ󡣵ܲŸңúùԼӲ𣿡
ָųƽͳ˵ǵ׵ܵܣЩչһ𣿡
һˣЩչ˲Сֵܴ·Ьӡ
Ǵæ
ʱ鷳ǼҲкҪչˣֳɵ·Ǵ
޷ǾǶ໨Ǯ
զ˼˵զ˵ΪҺã
Ľ㡢㣺
ৡһ±ˣû뵽ô飬Ȼ档
˵ϡ
֣
ߵĻ㣬гƽֵܣЩĽ㡢Ρ
ƳۻࣺһĲһ档
ʱ䡭Ľһ죬߿ࣺͥ˺ͺӣÿ춼æת
ˡһգӵ㲻ǹܣǾͲܡ
վҪߣ㿴㵽˭㣿
ָŻ໳ı޶ֿƽͳֵܣŭ
ָ𣿡
ʧŻ˵ԼŮһܸأΪǾһ𣿡
ɳϣһԵĵɳ
ֵܣڲ輸һ࣬ÿСʡ
档
֣
⻰ܵź˵
޶ְӻ໳ﱧкƽ˵ǳȥ
û¡ƽҡҡͷɫƽ˵ָ磬㲻õǡ
ѽЦЦһ˵Ļöˡ
ֵܴǸĸʱΪʹˡ
ǻš
ôȥʲôĻͲںˡ
˵ģʵûҪ±˵
㣬ЦһС˵ˣָϣ¸ʲô
̯˫֣գգۣǿûռǱˡжסңûǼסһΡ
˵ֿ꣬㣬㣬Ҳûռ
ԶԡͷĿ˵˭ҲûռжԴҸ·ЬӣҲҡ
ġ
ǻ಻ɣһһζӲ»
ûãԼҼֵܽã˴˼ԽԽԶ
ǡ˵ΪֵܣҪǻرʲô
޶СԴζ˵ΪǸԼҸ
һȡڣԼԸ⣬ûʲôرԭ
ԡ࿴Ľ㣬ʣûʲô𣿡
Ľ㡢һۣɫԥԥѿڡ
㡸ڡһվŵĿã㡭ǡ
òǸԼǵ
һС¡סΣ¶ǰ˵ʲô£ֻҪ˵һ仰С
Ҿ͸ǡԤϣƶ˵ܡ
Ϊʲôըˣ˵ô򵥵ҲУ
𼱡Ľס㣬Ȱǳ
˵꿴࣬ʣܣ治ѣǲ˵
Ǹÿڡ䣬һĨʧǣܼҵĹϵˣôڰǰ£
شʱȻûںеļ㣬Ϊʲô¡
ǣܼҵĹϵˣܼԶһ㡣
ڻ˰Ű¡
ÿЦ㣬ǱˣԽԽʶˡ
ĸܼңּæʣ𣿡
šͷü䵭˵ˣǷֳָ֯
ָĽ˵ڷ֯λιӦҪҰ칤¡
֣
ôܣ
˵Ϊ˱һң˰˲¡
Ѿ׽˳
ȥˡü˵˵һ˵˲𣿡
ǰĽҲ˵ˣǣһֱǸ
Ҳ֪ȥˣ಻ͷİ֣üǷ꣬ڻʲô
ˡֱ˵ǻȥɣҵٸŲκ͡
Ľ㡢վŲȻô뿪Ȱ˵ļơ
ǻȻǻᣬֱǾߣһקһ
ǲǺͿߣǳǵ˵е£ǾǲС
ͷԶǶֲˣ
ֿǱӰЩأǸҪʲô
û¡˵ȥľ͹ȥˣ˽Ϊˡ
ַüۣЦЦ˵ģͨ绰Ѿ˵ˡ
һֱǸǻûӦ
ùȥ£Ҳûʲô˵ģҲȱǸ
Ϊ˵¸֮䡣
ãԼһ㲻黳ѣǶȻܾ档
嵽ô룬ಢ⣬εǺ⡣
԰˵ûֱӰǰ£һǺܸˡ
ҪԽˣҪ¿ˡ
ҲáֵͷͬҸһ˴ల£õĽ
Ų輸ϵḶ́ӺӳԵ߰˰ˣվ˳ӡ
ѾˣҲشӰɡ
ࣺУҲϰˡ
ȥûϢ졣


82 
һ磬ߵ㣬ĸвϵĻЦ
һ, ߵ㣬ĸ
вϵĻЦ
ܶ˼Ҷɻ˭ʲô˵ˣϸôġ
СôС, ѧá
޶ıŰתȦ, ҡͷԵĳŶ裺̫ɹ·񡭡
һ߳һ߱Q, Լ˵飬ʱ۰֡
ԲĴ۾żҫֵ⡣
žžž
ҹƣЦü˵޶ã
ְ֡޶С˽ֻСԴ˵һ㳪
š§Ц޶ϲ, Ǿͳ
˵ļ, Сһ,ְָ͡
ܿ𻶿С, ޶ĸСģ
ѳƽֵ, жӿ̿ɵЦˡ
ԺﻶЦ
վڳſƳһֺۣͱ޶ĸˣ̲סҲЦˡ
Էˡ˵Ա, 
ˡִӦһСű޶СܼЦ, ǳԷȥඡ
ԷԷ޶Ц, ţҪԷඡ
ţ, ࣬Ѽ
һ̺ܲ˿̲ˡ
㡣ҧһȣһ˵ǳԶ㣬ʲôĶС
ţ⣬ºԾҪС
һȥг˵򼸽ȥ
һ£ֵԺʲô͸߶żٴȥ
ںϸУżٻȥӶȥʲôҲһˡ
šЦŵͷĶǾ鷳ˡ
鷳ɶЦЦ԰˵ʲô˵㶫Ҳ¡
࿴һۣԺסȥסУˣ
򣿡һ㶣ʣס
šͷһֲûӣȥѧУסʲôôһסס﷽㡣
ֵ쿪ѧʳԼܳԵĺõ㡣
ѽҲ˵ѧУԶȥŶʮӡ
˵ſۻֵ࣬ҪûʱȥԵҲ㣬ôҲʳ÷˺һ㡣
ֻΪ˵˷Ǯͬȥ򷹳ԡ
û뵽ͬصͷҪгӣʡ·˷ʱ䡣
־Ҳûʲô˵ģöӶʱѧϰϢ
ȴһԺߺ󣬱ʾԼĲûп˵ʲô
ͱһۣɶ˵
һӣ۾һתһųԷı޶
̾˵˵۱޶ֻԼ֪۵Ƕӡ
˵ű޶СԹϣһӣǶû۵޶Ӵ
ûۡС޶һ֣һصҰң㡣
ҲѧųüŪ۵˵Ӵû۵޶
١̧֣Żѧңѽ
ߡ޶ʾͦСظ۾Ż˵ҪҴңҰ᲻㡣
̣һһֱֿ֡
Ҳ⣬֣˵һ䣺ٳҲг
޶һãȻ
˭ҲûҪгѽ
Է²ס졣ƽüһĵؿųɵƵģһҲֺ֪Ǹɶ

ֺҲдˣ
г߷߲ƽص۶ӣֶԳƽɵأȫҶɵ
ȿȿȡæջһ֣ǺĿԸͣ첱Ӵֵؿ˵Ҳֱƽȥ
ŭųƽͺҰɡ
˺ˡЦԷɣȾͳûˡ
ԣ̲ˣϽһȵ
ţȰ̾һβףһҪԵ㡣
עԸա
Ϊȣ㶵תͷ⡣
һ˭Ű
Ҳȥšһܾҡͷ˵һҪء
ϢһۣԼҪȥţˣô̰ԡ
վѾһܳȥˣȥš
ЦĻ첲ôȥš
£Ҫǻ⿪ڣڵһλ
Ϊ˻Ƶġ
ǰ˽⣬ȴ֪ˣԭʮˡ
Ƕô
ǻĺӣǻý޵ٽӡ
ֻǺ֪磬ϲһ֪࣬Ҫͻ顣
Ǹ飬Ǽǳ˵£ȻԸ
һ֮˽
ûӺлߵʱ
Ȱ˻顣
µӣһĶӣһСŮ
ΪҪһǮԶҪӣû㶼ߡ
ֻŮΪټ޴кңֻܺİѶӸ¡
ֻǲ¹򣬶ӾݳƤǣɶɶ
࿴ſԼйϵŷЩº˺ӡ
ѶӴؼ
һֱ꣬ӵһ¹ˣǸˡ
һҪӣѺӼԼ£˵Լˤա
ףˤյ£ҲڰͶӡ
ֻҪѶӼ£ԺӸĸһûлᡣ
ͻࡢҺˡ
ǻͶԼˬĴӦˡ
̰ȥסһ
󣬶ʮʱȥˡ
ӾԼһ
»һֱҪӶûдӦֻһֱûš
Ϊӵӣ˵úõһСܵѾҶˡ
ӣǸң˾ͼ
ٲϺͻһ
Щ£̾ӿˣҲΪµĺۡ
ر֪Ӽ´ʱΪ豧Ҷźѧ˵
ӵһ֡ǳŻеġ
ֻ˵Ե֡
ŻиԵ֣Ҳֻ
Ϊʮͱӽаˡ
ٸ㶫Щֺͻ̨¼ѧӢá
šͷ˼һˣе㲻ġ
˵ʯͷҲںϸУȻһѧУҲס
СȻӦʯͷ⺢ҲֻЩϧҪһѧУͺˣ
Һʯͷһ¡˵ҪԸ⣬ҿ԰תѧʱԺͶһѧ
ͷˡ
֣
Цãۻ࣬ʯͷͳƽǼһ
Ҳһ˵Ķ֡
Ķӣᱻ۸ɣϸ̬ɣ
ѹ˳˵һ꣬Ǿʮš
СЦͷӦʯͷɡ
˵꣬ܶŲ̧ͷһһ
զôˣ
Ǵ緹һ˿Σġ
Ľ㡢ÿﶼһ衣
Ǻ滹̤̤̤ʮӣеҲŶЩ
֣
ͷǴԷѽ
л˵
½˼ʣол2022-05-31 23:46:33-2022-06-02 23:04:46ڼΪͶƱӪҺСʹŶ
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ


83 
ʲô緹
ü, 㣬еģ
˵ʲôأֵըը⡢黨˶ԡ
һ趹, һը, һ黨
ôװķʮ㡣
࿴һŮ, Ҫ˵ʲôε̾˰ɣ
³԰ɡû˵ʲôֻǰڰֵȥӡ
㣬ʮСӣټϻ
һʮһˡ
һӸ¡
һССʣü¡
һվųԣ࿴ż˵ǵһٳԣ
վųԡʣµļ˵ԼһԼط
ʹ㡢Ľ, һ, վżӡ
ּӿٶ, ʣµİ, Ҫ˵Աˡ
ͼȷ
Ե̫١಻ͬĿһۣ˵ٳԵ㡣
Ŷֵͷ, Ҳ߷ֱҰӳˣͲˡ
ȻţȺóԣԼ, ôˡ
Ҳͷ̧۲ֻԼԡ
ͬ־㳢ըը黨òóԡ
ҳԵĲˡЦǳԷùҡ
ǻ㣬Ǽһը, ݸԡ
ֻܽӹл
ƽֿСܵ, Цǲϲ, ôԼѽ
ҳԱˡƽ˵ţһ࣬ǳ԰ɡ
Ľ㿴һۣȻǴĶɫЩÿ
˵ôԣ³һҲУǲӣ
һæµΪǳԵ㣬û뵽ȴһ鲻졣
˭̸أ಻Ŀ˵̸ӣ̸ʲô
Ÿ˭Ը⿴
鲻áĽһ㣬Ի˵ǰɫǡ
ֶ˵ҲϣѵúʹһԷ
ܲ𣿡Ƣ壬̷ҾôȥԸ˵ûʱ䡣
һ˵ĽҲΣҲȥԷ
ԼɷҲǲͬ⡣
ǾȥҼҡȻΪʲôǴûô¡
˵ſۻ࣬һ˵Ǵ򣬱ܹܵĸҺǺ
ǻǿƣһŮ
żҲû˸˵֡
ǽ˺áżҲǸദ˼ҡ
ƳĽ㣬Ժ˵ҵ£ÿǡ
ȥԷ
֮ԱǣǷһء
ߴټ㣬ǿԣͻȥɡ
ȥһƽȥ
ֿƽǣһĨЦݣҪʲô򡣡
ԶԡĽҲ˵ҪʲôǾ͸ʲô
˵ϣǵСܵܵ棬Ǻ²̨
ȥһ£Ϣܵ㶫
Ρ
ûʲôġƽҡҡͷһ侲ģʲôҲȱ
ҲҪ˵ֱӣʮ˵ǼʲôУǲø򡣡
С͸ǣҪҪԼĺӺͼͥ
ʱСô࣬ǺĻ
ǳ󣬳˴ȽϹǣ㼸ûʲôӴ
ԶҲ׽
ֻ֪Լ⼸㣬л˵仰Ҳǰա
Ľ㣺
һξöֲһЩҲ֪ôڡ
ţСܵԶģرζ
Ľºͳŵô꣬Ǻˣ
㣺Ҳû취æźӺ͹оôࡣ
Ľĸӣʮһ꣬Сꡣ
һֱһһסҲûзּң˴֮Ħ١
ӣʮ꣬С꣬ڶֻһ
Ҷһ¡
ίȴû˵ڣֻܵͷĬĬԷ
㿴һۣ¶һĨͬ飬ǲû˵˼
ֻǰĳԼķ
һʱ֮䣬ЩΣɫá
Щһ߳Էһߴߴ˵ЦĺӣʱҲԡ

ֱ㱧ŵǸСкС˵裬ȡ
ͷգһ˫Ĵ۾ڻǰϡ
Ծʿˮ
ֿϣǰɢĻʣȡ
һҲһ̡
Ͼʱ򣬰Ѿһ־һæµ
Щ³Է
ǵǺţȵ¡
ɫΣۻ࣬ô죿
Ҫ⼸ӳ
ȥŶӣȺȶԡ
֪࿴СкºͲ٣Ҳû׼ǵķ
˵ſӣԼﻹʣļȣҪСԡ
ȴһֻ۵Сס޶̧ͷŻְֵ࣬ġ
ֻû극ôܸ˳ԣ޶Ը⡣
Ķ㡣СӣԼķ
޶ܾƽʱ죬Ƣܴ
Ը£ǻ˵Ҳ
Ż֣ͷ˵һ񵽵׵ģ
ӹԡָСк˵Ǹ磬ǵܵܣǲҪǫһЩ
ҵĸ޶Скʶʲô磬ְֵԼԡ
Ǹĺôðְ޶Լʣµһȡ
ǰƣСк˵㣬Ҫְֵġ
˵꣬Ӵ󲽴һ衣
ճġ˵ڳԡ
̽ͷһһȣࡣ
ﰵԭаš
šͷ߶˵ָңȳ㡣
㻨Ǯɶ㲻⣬ֵôණѽ
Щţȣ۵ʮǮԼأ緹̫ˡ
Щը黨Ҳ˲ǮƽʱóԵĶ
ѾǾùݳˡ
ҪԾͶһġ˵ĸӲǿ˳ԵĶҲ𣬾ǳ¡
һŸҵĺӣ֪ˡ
ķԼǰʣµһ˷ָ
Ҳǲ
ܶԽʲô뷨ҲЩӣ۰Ͱ͵Ŀǳԡ
Ĵ򷢶ȥ
óԡСкԵȣЦ۾ӡ
С֣ҧһڵȣ͵ߡ
ԡ
㣺УԼ԰ɡ
ͷĲ۽ǣһξӨ顣
һŵζȻ֪ǳԵĵʲô
ֻͻȻһ࣬һֱкӳǴĶ
ֿŻǳȣûǳڵ˼ЩЩûڡ
Ǻʹˡ
ֻû뵽ܻǵģİȥˡ
Ľͬӣڵȣٿһģ
Ҳζ
Ľ㣺ܲûǮ
˵ǼСӲ£Щһˡ
һԵġ൭˵ûҪú۰ͰͿš
˵ϣЩûңûЩֵܡ
ҲһҲȥϷء
ǻĵط
Ϊ˺ܶ࣬ûӲš
ΪȥǸǴ򣬾ŻżЩˡ
֪Լܴ
û취˭࣬µĵֻܻܵһ
Ҳں
òǣˣҲü㱻ѹһͷ
ͻȥɡ໹ˣرǿЩŮԵͷ̧ǮӶ໨㡣
һ࣬鵭ĮģºͲ١
ԣ˵ҲѡûҪôʡƽʱǶԵġ
ǮҲΪǣڻϣһ
ΪŮ
ǹԼС˵Ҳģ¾Ϳԡ
ǲҲǣΪҪǺһ㡣
ԼǰҲһš
Ƶģѽһ٣ҪѹǸǸ
ԼҲ
Ǽһм˵Ҳϡǡ
ȥԷҲӣǾ붯֡
һĲզϱӳԿۣ˰ǵү
˭ߵǡ
ֿһﰵԺЦ
˭Ҳǵù
ôһӵСӣ΢е㲻ԾҪǸҪᡣ
һҲܲˡ
ˡֿû꣬ӵһ£Էɡ
ԴӼˣûٳһڣֿˡ
ֻһֱѹûй
ġˣǿЩӣָĿڵ۶࣬ʵɶС
ҪԼ
¾ͻؼֵܣԼˣƫƫԼС
װԼƵġ
塣˵һ飬ﲻҪǰʲôԼӣôҶġ
Լܵ£³ܻؼҿޣʲôҲᡣ
üһѾģ˵һ䣺Ƕö֡
Ľ㣺
Щţ˵⻰ʲô˼ѵԺٲˣ
ҲԼҪ࿴ɫ仯˵ʮˣиҲס
ͣһ£۰˵ǶúùԼӰɡ
߽һԼڳɼˡ֪Ƥ̫Сû˵
ֻǰʾһ¡
Ȼûףܵصͷ˵֪ˣǻúõĲ㵣ġ
û£ǲٻȥˡ
Ͼ⼸꣬ǺܰȣЩء
类
Ҫ⼸꣬Ҳģһֱûٻعҡ
㿴Ż࣬񷢺ݵԺҲЭҲˣҾͶ
Ǵ¼޽ھӿżҲ
йԼܺãƯĻ
Ǻܴ
Ľһ£ɵҲͷܷģǺӶˣԺٲЩëƤС·㡣
Щ촽˵ڲǵˣǶôˡ
Ľ˼Уܲ˱˲м񣬸޷ż˵ĸְԹ
Լܵһ޾ˣԼһʱ䡣
ֻǡ
Դӻ£𽥰ݣԽԽӦ
Щ½˴İ
ʱȴЦЦŻ˵ܣͷİɣڶܺá
ԼĺӣΪŵ˵ڳˣٲױ۸
ǾͺáͷǲģĽ˵˭ӣǲܡ
Ļᣬ̽ͿеСĽ㡣
ܺǮĳ˵չ˺úӣ˻ûҪܣһɢ˭˭
ͷ֪ΪǺãȻһִûС
дû¡ָһŶ裬˾ǡû˻ƽô࣬һֱͿȥԼҲһֱ̡
֣Լ˵䣬
ЦҶԼ˻ģԼİ˸ݣûҪһֱ᲻
°֣רע͸ŵ飬ͬƵʣ˵أ֡
ֱͦ壬һ˵˵ĶԣҾͬ
ӣŻ༸㣬һ΢Ц
ŶݸŵСģЦЦ۾Ͷúùӡ
ɿЩ죬ˡ
ղŻԼܸ㡣
Ȼû˵ž˺֮ǣе㲻˼
ﻶϲԼ˼ԸΪԼЩΪֻΪԼġ
ƽϲֵԶһ
ֻﻹôһΣΪûоϣ˼صŵֲŻ֮ͥ¸¹
ԼбȻ˼
Ȼﲢûбȵ˼⼸һֱ᲻»ԹԼ
ӹ֮ЩڣЩһֱûͻ
ǻЩðףʵʲôףֻû˵ѡ
ûй˼
ֱѻߣҲ̤Ϲ;ֵǻһֱš
Цһֱϡ
յߣСĶл࣬лл㣬ҽܿġ
ɫ䣬һȣҲǵӦ
ţǻȥúùӡ
ࣺΪңһУĸԸҸƫƧ塣
ҾͻӦ㣬Ը
л˵
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ


84 
ѽǻˡ
Ǹյ, Ϳܹ˵ǻ֡
ͣڳ, Զ
Ϊǻüء˵, һİ˵æˡ
æɶֺ, ʵǻû𣿡
۴·ڣмôÿ춼кܶ
̸˵أྴƨǽһҲûС
ֻһЩӣ֣ʵĲС
װڴ, ЩֵĿŰʣǲ֪
֪ɶֿƽֵ, ֿʣ֪𣿡
ҡͷ˵֪
Ŷʣզ£Ͻ˵, ܼġ
һ, ûǰ濪Ļࣺү, ûǣ
Ҹɶޱ飬㲻˵ӵ˶ѧȥ, ¸ʲô
ǰͷǿԲ֪ɻʻࣺ˵ǲȥġ
˵ɶͷһɤӣ۶Ҿ˵, Ҫȥ, ȥǵĵط
֣
Ƴ˻һ, ﰵֹô⻰е˼
㶼ʲôˣʶôΪүñأ
ʳԼҶ᲻óԼ룬Ҫȫ졣
ܰѰ
ǸѧȥǮҲҪꡣ
ܾѽ
Ҳ֪ҡҡͷתת˵Ҿ˵ү˵ôӵˣȥǸס
ۻ౳ӰﻮһĨЦҪȥȥĵطҷֿһط
಻ͷתͷ۰ֵЩʲôֲǵ¡
һ£ֵ壬ôҾ͸˵ҲҪȥ
׳Ǯû۰׶࣬ݻʵķ
˭㡣
ְͷһصͷţܴʺǮ
û۰ףܶԶ򲻵ʱ
Ǯ棬ضռƣҲһЩ
ֱ룬͸˵졣
¸ߴӵˡ
ʲôֶ롣
ʱʲôҲͻͷϡ
ֻû뵽
ֿ࣬ƲƲ죬ежˡ
ȥҲá˵ĳƽʱڵҶܶǮǺ¡
ˣΪȻ˵ʲô£ǰ
ǰ£أŲ˭Ǯ
ֻҪǰξС
ˡһ£Ц֪Ǳ˵£Ǿͱ˵ˡ
³ֱƢ˵ʲôĻȥͲˡ
ǻס
кҲвáȻе˵ҪǶûˣҪԵףԲˡ
ЩǮֿһԸЦ㻹ѽ
Ȼ⡣С˲䲼ᷳǮֲҡ
ݺݵҧڰףأʡ֡
֣
ŶҧгݵģȻ˭ԸǮ
Ը⡣
ӵˡֳһ£ʵܶȥɣ
˲Ը⡣
Ը⣿ȣŰ˵ΪɵǮ¶ɡ
˵֪׵ļ۸񣬻ر졣
ǻʲôӾûһ˲ţﶼ֪Կ
οָء
뵽˵ģȥʲôط
ĸطĿ졣
֪һǻߵģΪû˶ô˽⡣
ǻ಻ϣҲûҴֻﰵֹүһ°ֲˡ
ּ仰Լ֪£Ц˵аҲãʡùһյʱæ
ʱˣʡܶʱ䣬Ҳôۡ
Ҫԡֵüһ㣬ȥ¡
Ǯɶ¡
ȥѼҡͷ漴һԼԴ󺰵ѽզû׵ѽ
̽ǰȥ࣬ʵү˵ҸѼҲ
ߵСüԥһµñ֤֪Ѽ𣿡
뱣֤Ǵӵ棬ֳ֪ľٶ
Ժڴӻ
ⲻ⣬ǻڲŽһµ⣬ǵļ塣
ʲô𺦼棬һΪҪ
Ŷ侲ˣ˼һǻ˰ɡ
ǴȫȥףҪǱȥ
ȥ˶ˡ
Լӵİףܼ۸ήͣпȥ
̾ѣǵһ㣬Ҳû˵ҡ
ҪǴӵİꡣһƵ˵Ҿˡ
׾ͺáͨοһ䣺Т˳Ѿˡ
̸һۻֿ
˼Ƭ̺ҪǴӵˣѰ׶ˣ㲻ǾͿԸˡ
ôһٽӣǵ׾ġ
㶢ŵ㡣˵ȴӵ꣬Ͼȥһһʱ䣬Ҳ¶ȼ졣
֪ȱȱѾ᲻ֻҡͷʾ
Լȥ˵ˡ
˵˵׵¡˵ǲڹƵģ
˵Żһ·ҲûʲôˣӶĵġ
֪ڵȻæҲҪ˸ɻ
һˣȥףӿܳ˺ӡ
ûʲôˡ
˼ſڣͣкš
³ȥţǶ
⼸죬࿴ÿιι
Կס
ү򿪴ţֵҰѰ׸ӿˣڵͷء
šͷȥ
Ժӣ³Ķ
˵Էɡ
ٳԵģ¶ɻҲٲһڳԵġ
ɶˣͷõĶʣүţԡ
ˡЦʱ㲻ˣء
óһţ⣬öԲ
԰ڣŶ˵ϳԵţȣҶӳűˡ
NɪζԣΪ˶ûгԺãȴǵ˵Լ˶١

һȥɡƢֱӰѳһȥ҇NɪɶһԲϣ̴һţá
ֿ£Լһʱ䣬ںг˶ٺóԵġ
һûᣬ͵ը黨·ûƵġ
ףⲻǸ㲻׵⣬Ǵûйڴ
ƽǡֿۻ࣬ﻹЩ뷨ֻϲ˵ѡ
ν࿴ܵܣ˵Զ˳ôŰɡ
˵һüΪŵ˵ôΪ绹ҪҲϸĺǻػ𣿡
֣
ֻһ˾㹻ˣ
ۻ࣬˵
תҪݣһͣ£ĸÿ˶ҪֻһͿˡ
㲻˼롣
ޱ飬м˵˼һҪҸ裿
㣿һתû˵Ͻ㷹ȥҶ졣
ࡸЦУȥЪţһȥɻ


85 
֮£һ޼ʵҰũ
ǻˮ
֮, һ޼ʵҰũ
ǻˮͷ, Ҹ΢Ц
ҲһԱ
ʰϵ, Թ緹Ϣһ, ʱ
ֺͻֵܣ˼԰ϵأʣµһժȥ
١ժһϣǳһʱ䡣
šӦһ̧ͷƬϵأժٽ
Ķ, ʣµЩ԰, ಻׼
ŵؽѱ, ԺԼ, ӦܳԵʮ·ݡ
ԽԽáֲϵĺԻЦԼ, ʡŵܳԺþá
ʮ壬ϣ¡
һ㽣۾, һ̾ᵽ
ҹమ龰
ͷۣڵϵİ֣ǸмΡ
֡һҸģġ
̧ͷ, , ãȻզˣ
һϴķƵİ׳, ڱһ˫ƾɵĲЬ
ͷϴһñ
󣬲׾ģһ硣
ЩµظɻСûʲô
˭ҲǸˣһѧ
û¡һ۵˵˵ˣɻһ߿žС
ǵò
û취ֻĸӡ
ԼǰѰֱ˱˿ˡ
ôԼأֱӷЦݣ˵Щֲһ˵ģֻҪǼ˶øɡ
ָԶƽǣôСҲһɻ
ףܵ˦ƹ
˵ҿˡ
ΣǸ֪ˡҲ˵ˡ
⻹ࡣЦˣһۻ࣬ǰҾ˵ֵģɻôС
οһˡ
ָԹĻϲĺͻһֵΪһࡣ
ʹùأ
ϣһ䣬ŰһԸģԽԽͣϽϰࡣ
ٸһࡣ
ɶûһ䣺˵ʲô
û¡תͷϵϣǻؼҰɡ
šǰһװϣЦˡ
ȻֻĶأժϣҪ
Ҳæ˼Сʱ
ʹܣֻһֱ֣û¶һᱳʹģ
»ǿӲĲŸɻ
ؼˡֺƽǣ֣㡣
ˡϣֵߵߵܹô϶Լ
һʣ磬𣿡
ͷҲûֱ̧ӵϲԾš
һϸߣ˵Ĵ󺰴У̫ˣԼԡ
ƽһۣغһҾ˵һŸǳԡ
ղųƽ˵Ҳôࡣ
͵ȥ𣿡ƽɵܵܣʻࣺݡھһҷּ
𣿡Լһʱ䣿
ƽ
ֻˣôԼ⣬ѵӦõ
𣿡ƽһ䵭ƽĿŻ࣬ǰҪһЩ𣿡
ȥЩбһۣһ΢΢һ£ЦЦ˵Ƕ򵽵𣿡
Ͽɲ򵽵ġ
԰֮Щ¸ߵļǮ
Ҳ޴Ѱ
ֻ۰Ͱ͵ģŲ⣬ŵڶ졣
ٳԵ졣
֪ˡƽ˼ͷ˵õϡĶҪԼˡ
ɶ˼æװϣûôע˵ֻһ䡣
˵أƽƳһۣûнͣ˵кöԼ𣿡
ϻըëܻ˵Ҳǣܸ˭ѽ
ǼҪˣŵһλ
߹Լ
ǡָ³ƽͰϱȻһ£ֵҸõġ
أ޶ţһһĵóԼء
١һЦָµ㱦޶ⲻң˭㳤İûָء
ְ֡޶˵еίıסȣҲûء
ͻˡ
ԡЦűǱ޶Ժ󳤴͸ˡ
״мҪޡһǿûҡ
ﰵˬǰԼÿ챧ŵ˶ֻԴӱ޶Ժֻܿվˡ
һСģﻰ˵˳ȥּ
͡ûסһЦȵ˵㡭
壬Ц֧ƽҲ˫ۺЦģ
ȥֱ࣬Ӵһ
һˡ
ǵϢЦãҲ岻סˣüۺЦС
³ƽһο˵ǳƽ£ǾǸɵСӡ
ĸ˫̥Ͳ̫ãټӡ
һҲ岻
Գƽر˱ڻǰְ֡
ֻܰűһ
ֻлʱһ첲һ
ͬʱܱܵڻ
ƽӰҲ磬֪ۻࡣ
ǳͲһñ첻Ǵ
ſڻ౳ϡ
ϰߡ
߰ʱû࣬ǱžǱš
಻ԸֱӰڱϡ
ǲæʱ򣬾ͰѳƽϣرǸĸȥ
֪ܴܵˣӦٹš
һ뵽ôһû˰裬Ͳľܾ
ӣϻţƵģԹĸƽǼֵ֡衣
ɫ
˵꣬Ȼصͷôôǡ
һĽ˫ۺЦ˵үүҲܹңҲûֵز
ֻǵã꣬ƽѾˡ
ʱڻߡ
ſڱϣǼڻǹ
κһ۶ֵ֮ܿ䣬ϵжö׽
־ΪֵܵǷ۰ֶԼİٰϸĺǻһֱ
صһĻٽӣߡ
Ҫ֣һüָ˵ֻҪңҾ
˵ǰһѰԼϣߡ
ѽִʧʲôѽ
ѽţЦ˵ǲСӵĻ£һԼûء
⼸׽ˣڻϳ
ֻаһûôԴղһ˲Ķ
ҪԼСˣһ߻ؼңͷ
֡ⱲӣҶ㣬һֱұһ졣
û취ǣֵ֣ܰǵıڻ
Ƥӵ±֡
֣
촽ղ˲ңҪԼ
Ļʶҧס촽ѼڵĻ
˻ȥ
šֵ͵ӦһΧͷͶĲĿ⣬СԸ㱳ţҲϲ㱳š
ĿбӣȥֻŻ󱳡
ףһжΪֺܹ⣬ǡ
ٺ£Ҳһ𣬲Ϊ˱¶˴˹ϵ
ǰ롣
಻ģԼҲܣһ
ֻҪĿŵ˹ϵ
ۻҪʲôֶἫϣҪġ
ȺϰͺˡڼҲû˻롣


86 
죬·ߵҰ¶飬ǻ
¶ʮ˺ţ
, ·ߵҰ¶飬ǻ
¶ʮ˺ţг, һȻȥϰࡣ
ѧٽ, жʮ·, гҲҪһСʱ
һһһӳԵ뿪ҡ
ѧһĿ
˿Ѿ⣬ΪǶ£Լ¡
ĥ̫١
·칫ңյſھºƣּԼ㶡
ӻЦϺѽʦ
ʦºݵ, ¶һĨЦ, ״кϺá
Ҫȥ, ֹ, ת˻ȥ
ºָָٴİ칫԰ЦȻɡ
лл߹ȥ, Ϊп˵תתǻص㡣
ЩԳʦС˵Ǯ
һҲûжҡ
һ, ˲ƽӶҪ׿Լѡݹ
ҲºЦЦصϲͱƽôˡ
ԡҲЦ, Ҫȶ, Ȼǹʺ
֪ϰࡣº˵ҸղֻǴŲ, 㿴ﲻɾȥˮ
Ҿ˵ֿŰ칫ΣЦݵ˵ôһҳûУɾÿ춼˴ɨƵġ
ʱ칫ʦ⻰˵ʦÿ춼ɨһ¡
ȻһֱţǱڻɾ
ֿºƣЦűʾлʦˡ
֮͡ºƲ칦ЦЦ˵ˣ¿òˡ
칫λѧУҪţһֱûˡ
ºڶ棬ܲܿŻҳ죬ÿ춼һ¡
ҲΪԼԭ
ǰֲôΪǳºΪԼ룬
οŸɸɾİ칫Ρ
ãԳºƶһݺøУ֮Ͳÿ˶Ըġ
ҲԸÿն֡
ʦ룬ЦºƣʱһԸ
ÿºưڰֵ֣֪˼Цʲôѽֲǵһʶ
ȻûദգҲˣڻҪͬ¡
ºˡ
̡û٣Ц˽һѧУһЩѧ顣
ȻɼԽǽѧΪ㣬ºѾһѧھ顣
ȻҲҪͬ¹ϵһ档
ŶºƵͷȻ˵ãһʳóԷɡ
˰ֵ˼
ЩգԼǷȱʣǼæ
Ҹһ¡º˵λʦ
칫һλʦŮһУ̫
ҶǶʮꡣ
һһ֮кһ죬˵˴Ȳ١
ûԹ۵ļơ
ֻǴһཻ䣬ֺȻ֣ԼȻСһ
żλ㣬촽ϧûһԼСˡ
ǡ̽ʣλһ۾ۣ
ð
ԡ
ҿԻཻһ¡
ʦȻӦʣÿ˶ܿнύ˼
ַģﰵЦԼЩӰˣ
ºƸ֣߰һᣬһȥ
ֵͷӦһжСõġ
Ȼǰ죬ѾѧУͨЩ黹Ҫº˽⡣
ֻǻȵʱ䣬̵ιʦһ¡
Ρ죬ϲɫʲô£
ʵֱӣɻһ֣صɫ
š̵ЦЦֵϲ飬У㣬Ҵȥһˡ
Ŷֵͷڽ̵ԱߣУ칫ߡ
һߣ칫λʦͱ˴˶һۡ
СУʲôѽ
Ҳɻ󣺡զǽ̵ң
Ҫɡº˼Ƭ̣Ϊ˵Ͼʦͣнְûʱ͹ϰˡ
Щ²ȤΪձʱ£ºƻǿڽһ¡
ϣҸλҪô£ֳϲÿ
ʱ̹Ȼʱȴ㱡
һѾģ
ԴƹУ޴Ŀ⣬һ
ֻΪ𺳡
ʦºƿ鲻ԣһʵôˣ
̾üЩԸһλ£Ҫࡣ
֪УΪʲôҪԼ࣬Ծ޷ʤΡ
ΰ̾ϢشҸоԼСԳеΡ
ȻУΪԡºƲ֮󣬻Ȱһпȡ֮ҲԷƱ
һѾôأ
ܾһΣû˿ãֻؽˡ
ʦʣİİΰ
˵ϲʦԺˡ
֣

һѧûУܴһ࣬һЩӰ˵¡
ֻǡ
뵽칫λŮʦ۾ˣһʱ̡
ҧΡ
̾Ϣ޳
զˣºЦʣһΣô𣿡
ȻΣ±Ƚ϶࣬ǹʿǲ
֣
ĪĿųºƣ˵ҲҪ߹ʣֻһ㣬ÿջؼҡ
뵽ʱһ飬յԼͷ
ÿȥˡ
ЩѧסޣȻҪѧУʲôܰɣ
ʦһŮʦʣĸࣿ
һ˰ࡣ˵
⻰һ칫Ҷʱ缦ûһ˵
ºƶĬˡ
ָо֣Ŀڼλʦһһڳºϡ
ºƣ
һʶֱ壬ֶӼ
ſ˵˰࣬ɼĩһЩ
Ŷֵͷųºƣôˣ
ºƣ
ಡһµɴ۾˼ĿŰ֣⻰Ӧܴ
ûʲô뷨ºƲ⣬ôôƽԸİࣿ
ȻأַʣųºƵҲӣҲҪ˽Ӱɣ
ƽûбʾʲôһϲ
޲Ц
ֲԸΣһҪĵĵط࣬ѧУһЩ¡
Լޣһ࣬ӵܡ
ǡ
⾹Ȼһ࣬ĩβʲôĵġ
;¡
ֻҪЩѧϰѧϰֺһͬŬ
ɼܻһЩ
ⲻнˣҲΪѧԼܲԽԽɣ
˵Щˡһ֣Цݲõ˵Ѿˣ˻ȥ
Ű칫ңλʦ飬ͬ
ҡҡͷоЦ
ֻġЦ¾ͺá
תۼı仯
칫ҵļλʦһûټ˵ʲô
ȻǰΣܶ˶ϲҲԼһࡣ
һЩǶ棬ȴ㸣
ġ
̬ܺºƿô죬תΪ緢Цôͽˡ
ô죿ֲΪȻųº˵Ҫ˽ְɡ
һ̣֪ǲ࣬ԺԼа
Ǳǣǳν̣Ļһ־ͽһࡣ
ʮѧأ
־ãûԸһ棬ҲǶԼһ顣
ȻҪΪѧУ쵼˼Ȼ򵥡
ѧѧУҪ
ִ֣üһĨţͲˣԼø
ʦֿ۳ºƣֶλʦ˵һ۾ۣ˳㽻һ¡


87 
ҽγһˡ
ָյ, ܵǰôţ
ţޱ飬ֻӦƵü,ô
°, ˫ŵĹâ, ¶һС
ǲࡣ˵ܶͬ¶ͬأ
ǡЦٲҲǸΣ̺ð࣬Щѧϰһ˭̣
ѧ㾡̾С
룬ƫ
šֵͷ, Цӯӯ˵զƫء
ѧϰ, иָԭ, ҲǴѧʱ
һζʦĽǶȥѧ
ٺ١, ڨڨЦЦʵǰѧϰ̫ãҲڰ༶ζѡ
Ŭĺúѧϰ, ٽӣڻ಻и֧¡
ǶʼϰߣΪԼԺŬƴһֱǰé
ﵽƷѧŵĳ̶ȡ
šͷ, ۰Цϲʦˡ
ͬϲͬϲЦݲã̧ڽס򣬡Ҳְнˡ
ȻҪǼȻ, ͿĵĽܡ
ֻǻмҪԻ˵
ԺҲܾˣ΢΢̾Ϣ, Щ,ϰҪѧУ
СʹӦҲܣżٻɡ
ֵСӲԸסУȶõʱ򣬾Ǻһסᡣ
ҲһЩ
áҲ˵£û뵽˵ˣҲôġ
ĦȭƣôһϸİΣһҪһЩоĽʦ
ѧϰ
׼Էɡ࿴˰һ£㲻ѽ
治ӣ˼ЦЦһ춼Ӱε¡
ͷѾʢˣ̰Ŷ˷
кƽǳԷ
Ĵ׷廨ͶǣཷƬ
ԵĲˡ
³ԷʱֶһԼµĴ󽴣һ´պˡ
һСУСײˡСˡСˮܲŶЩϾеСˡ
θڴ󿪣׼ķˣϲ
°뷹۾ޱȵĺá
˱˼
Ǵһ¡ֳԷ䣬ųȵĳƽǰΣƽʱôࣿ
һʦһ˽һЩи
ϾڲЩ꣬ʦѧ֮䣬ΪһЩԭ
ϵЩʱ
͹¡ƽ鵭˵ܲʹҳ
Щ
֣

Ŭ䣬Լѧʱ£ɼЩģ
оеֲȫһ
١ЦƳ۳ƽָҲ򲻹˭˰ɡ
⣺ҼҳЧ
졣һۣ֪һǳϹʲô⣿ҼҳҪѧУʲô
Ű֣һ˵ôܾôܣѧ˵㣬ùܱҲú˭ѧ
֡ŶŶŶͷԵĳ̲ס͵Ц
Լˣ
š룬ͷ֪ôˡ
ȻѧҲʱҳûҪ˭ѧ
ֻԼöԵķѧ
Уһ֣ʵķ
ûҪôż

ϣڻ໳ۺܳһʱ䡣
Ҳ˯š
񳤲ƵģŷŲ£š
ĥĥȥĲȡ
˸òӪǵ˯⣬˲䵴Ȼ޴档
˯šֲգ֪Լôʧˡ
Щûõġ§һС£ĶΪС
һڳԸӡ
ҡ˹˹ĥ˵
ҲԼС˼
һοʦνֻҪĽ̵ѧɡ
ΪһΣΪûô򵥣Ȼ֪ӵʲôط
ǰһɼ
ⲻʤΣðֻûʧ
ѧϰõѧһ̾ε˵һ£ʦĵĺѧ
ԼΪֽԼѧʱ£˵ѧУĴͷ
ܡӿΡ̡ܽһЩʦĻѧ¡
඼
ѧϰɼ
Ǵδεһܽ۷ʲôĴ
඼ûѧϰ
ʦϲ
˵رʦϲΪѧϰõԭְֺޡ
˵ԼǸѧ
ʦģ£ʲôʱΪ
첻µزµӡ
Ψһһ㣬۸ͬѧҲʲô¡
ûдߡ
Щѧϰһѧ˵ʦʵʵ̡
ʦġ
ʦϲ
ҲһЩѧΪ̫ݡ
ûʲôر˼סĵط
еʦһܼסǡ
ЩΪĺѧһЩӲĵѧʦ̡
Ӷӡ
ôࡣ˵ֻҪûرĵѧɡ
ʲôѧϰòõ¡
ÿԸһֵ¹꣬һ飬Ҳһʺѧ
˶٣¶һĨӵЦݣɡ
ʦЦ⣬ڰֶ˵ǲӹţе㣿
ҹ˯Ҫʲôѵûźã
һ̣ЩֻǸհַŵϡ
ͱһĿ
ѹŭ˵࣬Ƥǲ
ҹ
־Լ̣һڻϣӡ
ʣ˭ӹˣ˵
ҡͶҼ˵ӹˣһӹףҲ޷֡
ãЦҪǸġ
ߡֳ£Ҫú˯ϵʲô֡
ࣺ
ԭĴ
֡ĥĥһ§Ƕȸ״ͦƯ
ֱװ˯ֺ࣬Լ
컹ôϰࡣ
йһͨ⽥ӿֲһ˯ˡ
೤ĺ֪˯ˣﲻһЦ
һٲڻƣڰ˺˯ţԼҲ˯˹ȥ

գֳ緹ߵʱ
ѳƽĽеһߡ
Żֹ࣬һСꡣ
һ
һҪܡִ۾ĴѰһҲ硣
ǼһһЦ
šƵƵͷظ֤ģҴǴҲ˵
֣
ôأ
ǴأĪоԼиˣ˵ˣ
ٺ١ԴڨڨЦôأ˵ѽ
šͷ˵ģ˼
ȴûƽһֱû˵ֻ΢΢ɨһ۰
ǵĲԶĸߴӰ
ƽоЩˣʲôҪ˵Ļ
ȴΡ
ˡгֵܻӻ˵ˡ
ɷţĻϾģ
м˺ð
Ժ޹˼ɣйһܰο
޹˼ɵİһչʾ
ȴǲ֪һֱĬĬĻ࣬ЦΡ
̫ᣬȱ¾ͻȲס
ǿʤֺӣ
л˵
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ


88 
һţѧʽѧһУУ⣬ѧһЩ
һ, ѧʽѧ
һУУ⣬ѧһЩҳͬ
վڶ¥, У԰ֵ龰, Щʱҳʲô
Ҳ̫ġ
̧, ֱϵʱ䣬ĬĬʲôʱ֡
ȵߵʮֵʱ򣬰תӰ칫ҳͬһĳһ˰ȥ
һ
Ҫϰʱ䣬ȥԼЩѧ˽һ¾
ߵ˰ʱ쳣, еĲг
ֲǽ, ڽʦſĿ, ôһɨ
ͼЩѧһ˼Ѫһ, ΣﻰⶼΪʦ
Ǹӡ
ǰ̫С, űǴ˶١
װ׾ĵͦÿҶһ㣬ŵĿޱӡ
ˣ浹ùʦ, ǻñ༶۸
ҲͦáģͦСӦòҹǡ
ʦģ˵мʮȸ
һߴߴۡ
ߡֱĥ, ﰵ㣺㿴ҸҲҹǡ
ߵߵߵ
վſ, ̧˼³Ľ, ʱˢˢӭ˼ʮ
̱ѻȸ
Цӯӯ߽ңվڽ̨ϣӸµĿԼЩѧ
ԲԲЦ⣬ǳڵΪ䵭ȥŶӡ
˵СŶӣ°λ
ЩѧеŮһλеŮһλ
ͷ᯲롣
еĸߵǰ棬ں棬⻹ôڰ塣
㡣ּû˶΢΢һЦߴٵʱ䣬һϿء
⻰һ°һƬԸ°λ
ѧ˵ʦǾô¡
ѧ˵Ƕˣ˷ʱʲô
ǶλͬˣﻹҪ
ЦԼѡͬСϣֹĻôѧϰ
һͳΣţڵŤ
žü
㡣ٴδߴ٣һȦңϳȥŶӣظһ顣
Ȼ᲻УǾӲ£С
ǿԼ̵ι̸̸
˵ѧʦҲǣֻǶŰһۺ˵ģ
ûоηС
ǰְѽ̵̧ǱȰλҾԼǲ
ڰֻһ䣬ѧٲһ̵
ǣЦզߴˣ浱Լ˵
ûŽ˽ѧλվڽſڡ
Ŷ
ۼͷѧȻڶ棬ָüѧ
վӦŵĵط
ûһ֪е˻ű
һ˿İλʵ
ŰڵΣɵ͵ߵλЦһЩѧ
صͷ˽»λǷ֡
һд顢ҳ̵ι̸ġ
һĻð˰ѧɫ䣬׷׵ɴ۾һԾ
ŵĿŰ֡
ʦҪô𣿡
ⲻҪ𣿡
Ҳ̫ѽ
ֿǰ̾һҪַԼģеѧԾԾԡ
ü壬ЦЦ˵ţǿһԡ
ɱӺᡣ
ѣҪͷĴӣҲ֪֪Щֵζ
ʮС꣬ںʲô
ӱߡ
˵ڽ̨ϣóһŰ˰ѧóʺֽźá
ɣһһ¡
վʣҽһ¡
֣˰Σ칫Ҷ¥ࡣ
˵⣬ʱ칫ҡ
ѧӵһŵһλʼһԼ
ôұ˴Ϥһ¡
ʦѧ֣ʣΪʲôҪѽİҲ𣿡
û˵
ǰ˰ѧ΢΢һЦžʵѧΪʲôҪһΪʲôԼķʽʶͬѧ
İ༶õģһҪ𣿡
һȦ˵༶õķʽǾͲ𣿡
ΪҽܼЧʦ֮䣬ѧѧ֮䡣
һܱ˴ӡ
룬˼ѧ֪Լ༶Щͬѧɣ
㿪ʼֿʱ䣬ֱӵ˵һͬѧվʹҽһԼ
Ҳ˵ֻ̫࣬ͺס
ס޵ѧͱԼᣬ鷳һ㡣
ǰҪ˽ÿλͬѧҪ֪ȷиһʱ
ȥ˽ⵢ¡
һϰѧУддǼжȹ
һ󣬰ֿʱ䣬ӵϿʱ䡣
ָֻЦе飬ѧ˵ˣڰѰɲǽϣʱ俴
ͣһ£ֵϣÿɲܻԼְҪȥ칫ҡ
˵ֻʱȻ˽˽⣬ȴҶϤ֮ǿѡٰɲ
տѧûаɲְĹ
ѧϣӳɼõһλͬѧţʱһʱ䡣
˵͸Щѧ׼ϿΣԼתߡ
ֻȳſڣʹ̾͵͵һЦ
תһЩ£Ҫʵ
ȥˣҪʵһ£ûʱˡ
ֻܵϰʱ
ֻǰֲ֪뿪ңѧǾͻۡ
Ⱥ鼤ߣ׷ַΡ
ǰ̫ˣǱƭˡ
ǰŵҶҷˡ
һС£ȻһǱ̬ɣ
ޣһڵŵС۾һɵ˭˵̬ģ˻
٣һֺЦе˵ʦҪɱѽ
ÿˣֵһ棬ΪԼˡ
һ˵İΡ
ڿʦǣǸĺڵˡ
ȿȡһݸ߸ڨڨͶ״εؽ͵һʱ˵ʦǸ͵Ц滢
ȷʵһʱֱڿ죬ûôѿڶûʦ˼
Сû˵Ȼûн˵ǡ
ǵ۾һգգĶš
ġݸ߸ܲһϿҵٴνͣеӸʦ
ȷʵˣڵѧʦ𾴣һ˿µ
ΪʦɱȨЩ澡ʧ
ҳ
ʱ˵Ϊʲô£ȥһᡣ
˭ܵˣ
ֺĽ嫣ؿڳ̾úÿСʦ򵥰
ǰҪǹܵġݸ߸һģȭͷ˵ҪҪֿס
С󻢣мƳ㣬㻹ҸʦŸɣ
㣺
գգۣ˵ҡ
ǡҿԹĶѽ
ĴѰһţһߴçײꡣ
Ҫ˵ʲôͼǸѧ۾һɣ׺ݵ˵ʲô۾Ҫˣ
һӣ˵ĲУһЩͬѧĳЦ
۵ص㣬ŮĲһмСŮҲ̸۰֡
ߴߴ˵ֳĺÿİ˵ȥ
̫ˡ
һԼ¿֮ҪΣһһȡ
һŵһΡ
Щֲ֪ȵĳ롣
ô̺ѧ߳ɼ
ΪסУˣԼ˻඼Щѧˡ
ءо̫ˣ
ΣΪԼһҪ֪ʶı˴Ӳˡ
һ취ЩѧഺҪ
Щƴܶ
ʦֻص칫ңĳº˵ܲܰһѧԾһݣ
ҪʲôºƾȣʣѧУԾ࣬ÿ궼һûʲô仯
ЩԾûһһѧǰҪҲûʲôá
Ҿ뿴ЦЦ˵Լǰһ飬ֻ˵˽һѧУĳ
Сº꣬øһԾ˽˽Ҳá
ȥ̵ĳһȻֻһѧڣȫԾС
ºΪָսѧ뵽ҪѧԾ
Щ޴֡
ȥȥ̳һʦǵԾ
ѧʲôð
šֵͷ֪ºƿˣҲûֻ̫࣬˵Ҷ
룬ʦһԷɣ
ֿʦЦһԼҳԷÿԶཻһ¡
⼸ʦǽ̳һȻİ˰ࡣ
һ黹ǿԵġ
Ǿһ𡣡ºЦŴӦԳٳ԰ʦ̲ء
λʦʱЦˣֶõ̲˳
ôҶһڡ
رֱһ˵̲ˣǳѼ
ЦӯӯԸͬʱҲ봦ͬ¹ϵ˵Զײڡ
ҿһ칫ңͷ̧ͷദ˶ġ
ֻǰЩź⼸ʦºڣȻ̳һ꼶ǲİ˰ࡣ
󼸸༶ʦʱģ߰˽ҵ
һ칫ҡ
뵽ЦˣԼһû̡
һϽʦˡ


89 
µıѼ⣬ůůġ
⡣

µı, Ѽ⣬ůůġ
⡣
ֺͳºƼλʦʳóԹ緹, ڻ·ϡ
΢ķ, ڽ֮, ޶һ˿⡣
Ӧ˴﷦Ĵ
Żȥ˯Щ΢ƣ
ȴѧУѧ
˵𣿳һ˰İκ
ϣǾǸĺڵģϹ˳ôÿ
˵˰ѧŵƵ, һ㲻ë̡
֣
զ£
סͷĳ嶯, зŲ, Щѧ˵ʲô
һſھҽ̵, ѧκʦ̫ˣ
˵Ƿ˴һͷ, ֡ҳҽ̵Σ˭ܵˣ
˵úÿʲôãĳء
ۣ
ֲЦ, æסЦû벻һ硣
ԼǸѧӡ
һǰ˰ѧģ֪Լѧô˵ԼģǾ޴Թ
ֻܸо
Ц, ﷴ˼ԼΪ, оûʲôĵط
Ȼ, Ҳνˣһӡ󲻺ҲûҪٶš
Լķɡ

ϰΣֲʱ䣬ߵ˰ſڡ
űͣһ£̽ͷɨ˼ۣûƤͬѧ
Ÿ˵˽ȥ
ǰѰɲʵһ£ÿ˽ôʶһ£ȷԵΡ
Ȼ¡
һÿϰʮӵʱ䣬Ҫռöʮӡ
ȫһѧϰӢ
ڶ¾ʱһһ㵽һʮʱ䡣
ѧʡ
¾ϰڰ˵ھŵϰʱ䡣
ҲѧóԼ⡣
һᾡǽ𡣡˵ģĿҲԡ
Ŵͣ޿ѧﲻɸеЦ
Ҳοʦ˵ǲ˼ȥ칫ңǾδ͡
˵껰Ҽžķ·ûһˡ
ס𣿡һ飬Ȼ΢΢һЦһҪúѧϰӴ
ʦСӽ嫾֣ΡΡվòôݰ
⻹˻
ôˣһüʣûжǼʱ䣬ֻϰʱһС
ЦеԼ°ͣƮƮ˵ûʣҲʲôɣ
㡸ಡһվ۾˵ʦզ˵ûмʱ䰡
һʮϰ˵һⲻǼ˶ʮ
ûаҡͷһɱϹ˵ģЦӯӯ˵ֻ˵һû˵һҲѽ
һȦŵ¼ʮѧҪǶѧˣؽңǲᡭ
ֺߺ߼һǵſģвζʮ㡣
ҪԵʱˡ
̾ϢһҿǸṩ˳ֵѧϰѧϰ
Ҫѧã޶ۣһϲˡ
ֻԹ
ʦɵˣһ䣺Բһ㵽𣿡
Ȼֵͷûκԥ˵ǰжʮѧסЩҪڼ˯Բʱ
㣬ЦѧУѧſ˯ҲԡԳȥλ£ֻҪӰ˼ɡ
ʼ磬ҸɣԲռһʱ䡣
һеǰᣬǵŬѧϰΪԼһЩΪ
Ӱ쵢ѧѧϰ
Ŷ۾תŹ⣬ʦһҪ𣿡
˾Ͳá̵ڲ
Цݲãǳ͵˵ǾҪ̸̸ˣһԳɼ˵
һƨ£ҵӡˡһ£ãȻ֪롣
ʦħ
һ·ѧǿѧѧϰһȫΪģ
ʦĴָ˫ĿŰ֣
ˡǱһһ㲻ǫЦǺǵ˵Ǿһְ𡣡
ֹ۲һ£˰ЩѧȫһͷԵģ
εҡҡͷ
ҪܣҪԲݣʦܸʲôأ
Ŭѧϰͬѧ˵ܻлرǰ˵ǰʮǰҲһЩ
Щɰѳ
˵渶Ǯָǽĺס
ЩֻҪѧϰǸԼѧǸʦͼҳһҪΪԼ𡣡
Щ۵ѧüۼŮ
˵ֻеĸ˺ʦҪΪǵδ𡣡
֪ʶıˣ仰ǾԵģûһ١
ûϴѧͲн죬һݹ
ܶϼѡ
ϣЩѧܺúѧϰѵõѧʱ⣬Լƴһδ
Թֶνǳ˻ԼĿġ
ҲûϵΪʦ˿ĵдա
ʦиСŮ۾Щ죬Ҫѧϰãϸ𣿡
ܡֿ϶˵һϣʦǡ
СŮһ˵־ףܲϣСŮѧ
ũ庢ѧѣҼҺӶ࣬Ůص˼ҡ
ежϡ
һЩƶͥĸѧǴѡ񣬲ÿ˶ϡ
΢΢һֻ̾Ҫѧʦ취ǣҲҪԼ֡
촽˶˵ʲôֱ졣
ֵϣϧѧĻᣬ𹼸ʱ⣬Լź
ֱֿЩѧҪ£ʱңһᾡǽ
֣ϰɡ
ˣµѧ۵Сۣһʱ֮û˷
˺һֽ嫲ĵ˵СʦöԸȫΪǺõӡ
ߡ㲻֣͵ˣ˵˵ˣּܼѽ
˵۾һʦж𣿡
²üЦء١һûС
ٺ١ЦţһģҪжŸˣ˼ѽ
ԶԶԡ˵Ͻһɣ۾ܶǡ
˰಻ѧϰɼкܶͷֻǸտѧЩ˻ԡ
ֻлĽ嫣ƻ¶ԣһЩˡ
Сĺ󻢣б۾Ƴ˼ۣ͵һӡ
ʵ㡣һ׺ĿⲻƵĿǣϿʱ˵
ǼίԱʱӦվܡ
ҲøѼϼܲòͷ
١㲻мһ㻹֪ˣɣ
衭󻢱ͲƲ磬ҲǸͷվ˵˵һԣ㲻
ˡ̴ԲæͣǲǰΣǲǻһͷѽ
ڿǲԷ
ߡ㲻мءߡһﲻ죺˭ҲŴģб·ѧ
šӦսû¹˭ѧſڼ
ЩͬѧһѧԼܣ˾
ӳӣԾԾԵҪսǿźС塣
ָоû˼Ƥ
Сĺ󻢣ϱһͷ㣬֪˭Ӯ
Լܸûһ㿴ͷ
٣ˣߣӽбµޱ˰
㣿ÿ۾д֤飬˲ҳʦӡ

Լܣһ㲻֪飬ȵڶϰ
ſ׵㡣
ûԭ򣬰֪סϣһѧУᡣ
ֻһ죺ҪҪȥҽҿ
òáҡͷ鵲˵һƤˣͺˡ
㸸ĸ֪𣿡˵ҵø߼ҳһǲ֪顣
֪һĲ̧ͷʦͱˣҰ趼֪
һСӣݵøƵͬѧڴ·һᡣ
ˡ
ʦôô£ƫƫվǰ˰̣Ҹطȥ
Щţϸ˼ۣоģ
ףͻȻ֣۽ǴĨҩˮҩˣҳ֪
֣תˣˣҲˡ
СҪӣףҲϸʡ
ֻظѧ˵һ£ʲôԭʲôطҶ˽´ܡ
Ҽҳʦ
Сһ֣أʮ˵ֲأ粻Щ˵ƶ񡣡
źۼĿ㣬ͷ鵲ĵ̧һָ
Σա˵ܱ֤˰ȫ£һҪʱʦͼҳ취
ǧԼѪӿΣգһҪԼ
߶ѧҷѧߣҪչŮ
鷳
˵һѶЩǺӵѧҪѧᱣԼ˰ȫ
ǰִ֪㰤Ļᡣ
л˵
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ


90 
塭
¿һ, ¿ΣǴá
ЩѧСϲ
ʱﻵˣѧ, ǳʲôЦ¡
ЩСŮҪûѧˡ
ȥץʱ䡣ִߴٵ̰, ȥء
ʦû, ˵Ϊʲôÿ¿Σϲѽ
üŪۣٺ١ЦȻ˵ܵĿ
֣
΢΢ü⻰ǡ
ֲѧ
ӡƣбһ, Цǲ¶, ҵǲ⡣
һ, 漴߳ŭ˵ʦ, ô˵ӣɶʱ
ҪԼֲ, תңûô֪
ָָܻŰȥıӰ, ȻǱ⼸赭дĻˡ
ʲôʦŰͬѧ˵ⲻ𣿡
ɶʱѽ
˻𣿡ԶһŮɤųĲˣʦ˵ˣԼԼͷ
ʦǺ, ô, ÿ춼ҪҲϼء
㣺
Ů, Ϳ䣬Ŀתؿ
һ뵽ºﻹ
ʶ̧֣Լ׵˻ûȫ
ߡһм˵вŮ
ǸŮûȻҲں˵ʲôֻרĵĿ顣
󻢿ͣĬĬתߣٿһۡ
ֵܡǰתͷСίԱ澡ְһ˵µĶС
󻢣
ͷû˵ȴ۵ĲУ뵱ίԱ
ҲΪΪ޾£ֻ΢΢һ̾а
ûѧͱţչ˰֡
󻢼ֱһѧôչʦʲô
ǲ̨ܾܾ̫Ӳ֪Υ
һ

ֻص칫ңֻгºһڣ¾ͼºƿЦ
򣿡ֲԣɻ󣬡ôˣ
һЩº۾Цǹڰʦġ
֣
һ㶣漴Ӧ¶һĨЦ
һ˵ҹѧôôϡ֪żһЩѧ˵Ҷôôĺݡ
ÿѧУһЩѧ⼸л
Ѿνˡ
㻹֪º뵽ԼЩҡҡͷЦôֺ࣬òǣ
û취˵ǰΣҲԸЩ£ǡ
Ȼ˰˰࣬ҪΪѧ𣬱ô˵ν
ֻҪԼΪȷɡ
ҲǡºЩͬ飬̾Ϣβôõģ㲻븺𡣡
һ£ζҪܣѧϰ֮⡣
ѧֻҪһ£ҪҰΣֻҪѧУ
κ¶Ѳ˹ϵ
ЩӡЦЦ֪Լܼƽ̫࣬˵Ҫǲܵһ㣬еѧ졣
ԼĴͷº˵һ飬رѧ
Ƿѽ̾ϢЩε˵ʲô¶ܲһӣûκϲ¡
ʱãһȥˡ
ھϣ˵˵˵һֶ˵
ʼ磬εؿЦѧϰʲôҶҪֻҪҾС
տʼϣ۶һȰѧЩѧúѧϰ
Ǿѧ⼸죬֪̫ˣѧĸѧϰϡ
Ҳܷѧɣ
ÿѧΪѣֻҪӰͬѧС
úѧϰĲ١ֵѧҲֻôģҲͦ㡣
뿪ͺáºֵ̾ľҵЩ²ǿ˳Ȼɡ
ղЦʲôֵͷºЦ£ʲôЦˣ
͡ºûסһЦͦЦ˿ɱ߳ŭ
ȥ̿Σ·ȵʱѧ˵˰ѧ
ڶŰҶ
ֻҪжˣͲǹǣҲɿ
ЩѾǵһºֵòУʦ֡
ƹ˶áºƶۣϷʵȫУΪ²ģܿͻˡ
ʲô͵վ۾ɵԲԾʣҪҽܶ󣿡
ѧ˵ɶں治ʲô
Ǳʦ
֣
һţһ֮еӣìܵĲС
ʣǲǰʯͷԼĽţ
ⲻºƿɴȤʦֵĺÿŻڣйصĳˡ
ˣЩйŮ˼ңĸ᲻ǡ
ѧУЩʦĸûߴð˴̣һЩ˸Ӵŵݡ
᲻Ǹֽܶ
𡣡ּæ֣ԳºƵһ᲻飬Щʦǧҽܡ
ܾãֻܼϣºƣϿҵذ
ʦкãæɡ
˫ֺʮһϵ˵һúøл㡣
ᡣºƺЦֵͣҲʮˣӦҸ̸̸ˡ
𡣡֣Դҡ˹Ƶģ˼棬Ⱳӽ᲻黹˵أ
һһ˵ģѳºһ
ºȣװΪξ̸ܾﲻɷֹ
ֵͷ۽΢裬ֱߡ
һ֣Դ̬
ôºһ£˴ǲŵʦǲǡʲô֮
û˵꣬⻰Ҳʳڣֻ˵˰䡣
ŰӦס
Ҫ˵ºƾ˳㿼һԼǷ񡭡
Ӧð־ܾЩʦĴ̽
ұ˵̫ˣһ̾һ촽˵ⱲӶ顣
ƭºƣһЩѻ˼֮¡
Ƴȥ
ûһ㸺Уȷʵ˺ݺڰ֮С
ºֵĻȴ͵һ˸
﷭ƵһЩ²⡣
ˣ
һ˺صˣⱲӶ̸󣬸κ齨һͥ
ҡָ죬Ҫ˵Լ񻪷򸾵£ͱºִ̧ϡ
𡭡º֣һͬ˵˵Щ˰̣Ǳҿˡ
һҶģŰ̾Ϣϣһ̶˵ģ
ֻǸ֣߰ģһ˼Щʦ˵ʱûгɼҵ˼
һߣΰԺı⣬ʰ顣
չһµ
ɵˣûأºôʹӦˣ
һȰһ䡣º˼ȰȰ֣ȥľ͹ȥɣ˭ûãûҪôִš
֣Լ̸ʹҲٿʼһ顣
ǵǰºһʧ䣬ˣһӳһûϣĸ鵱УҪԼѧᰲοԼ
֣
ɣﾪȣºЩʲô
㣿ԥҪʳºƣֱֲ˵ֻܵҲ̸󣿡
ʱ롣ºѵʼ磬ܻ˵ãһ׵˭ῴң
ûУֻЩҲϣܲҸ˽顣
ҪһЩ
ллʦˣº뵽ʲôЦ˵鷳ҵ˼תЩʦɡ
ЦãºΪԼˣ۵ĲҶ
ԭƻҡ
ûнͣôͿȥɣʡԽԽࡣ
Ͼ񻪷򸾶Ϊ̸˶ԻʧﵽҶ顣
ֻ鼱֮ҵһ˵ǰˡ
ÿºƲİ֣ɺ˵Ҵ㣬͸㣬ôҲҪظ
Ǿ֮͵¡
ҲҪлĸмºʵϣϷż٣һʱٸЩѼ̲ˡ
壬гºƴаæͲЩʦˡ
ľ˵õˡ
л˵
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ


91 
ʦؼѽ
ؼҡֿԱһʦ, Цˡ
ʦϼҴڣһ˰
ֻаǸ
˰ö, ôһ, Ѿ˺üλʦ
г, һֱѧУţһ̧г
ʱѧУ˻߹ˡ
ƽǼҲðȴˣΪһΡ
ǿŰѧУΡ
ʱ࣬Ϧ¹磬⡣
ٵ˼гʮ·, һСʱҲܻصٽӡ
Ǹʱ߿һ˿ɫҲʧ
г, Խ·һ, ۿһĨƽߡ
Źǰӡ
˭һֵס, ʶͣгʲô
ҡ߹, ֵͲĹԼϣ¡
ôˣɿղȷʵЩţôɫհ
㡣˵ֵͲһ, û뵽յ۾ϡ
ܻܵؼң࿴ûһﲻĳӭӭ
û뵽쵽ǰӲ֡
ֲСӡˣЦݲõ˵ʲô
ġ, , ͣһ˵Ҳ㿴㡣
ֽŲһ, ͷ࣬첻Ҳ
ܣΧĵģֻҪһЩܽС
ִŵӣһ§ס࣬Ͽһڡ
ˡ
ϳžܣֻЦ
ﳵں׷Ҳ˲ס񴺷绯ƵĲЦ⡣
ܰ׷һִڰּϣռ˾ܣô˵¡
ʹѰתԼһԴڰϣصһ¡
гҡڲ·Ͽʼ֣ﳵء
Сɿסѣӡ
šӦһʵԷû
ûС˵һԡ
ԺˡĻϲ۵˵Լ
˵ԼۣЩ˼ǻȴûԾ
ֱ˵ҪҳԲ¡
ٳԵ㡣Цݣõ˵һҳԵ㡣
˵Ųɼӿٶȣȥ
ֻô˵ȴûͣ£һ·϶ͻ˵ԼѧУ¡
˵Լ˵Щѧ˵ʦ
ֻʶ˸Լܶû಻ʹ졣
̲һֱţֱͣ£ŵѧеѹʵɻʱ䡣
֪˵ֻϰʱռһʱ䡣
ЩɥĬƬ̺ŵ⼸죬ֻ޼ѧ⣬˶
ֲ֪ѧ˼˵ԼһʦĿ
ԼΡ
ԿЦ׼ȷĲ²⵽ѧ뷨ַʽලѧϰǾɡ
֣
ü˼û˵ֿܣҲĴڡ
ǡ
Ҫı䷽ʽ
Щ룬ҲǴѧʱģ֪Щѧɢء
Ҫ˶ٻǴһѧϰ
ǰɡЩƣƵ˵ӦģڱôôҲں
Щַ꣬Щ£ؼˣͱ빤ϵˡ
°ͱô࣬ɲֻй
˵ţͷ֣Ц˵أ
ôɬżйһ¡
ҲԸֵ
ǲ۶ǹҪˣԼ
šЦˣ˰࣬Ǽҡ
Իĸܡ
ԹԹԵĴӦڳһֻ֣ŵ೵ϡ
ס֡
ĺܽгУżһ̽ͷ
ڰһڡ
ž˵ҹֻˣҲ㡣
żӦһ»࣬һ·϶öЦܿտҰ
֡

ڶ죬˯ֱŵ
ﾲĵûһˣߵſڣſү
ԺһСӣмСʡ
ͷ̱޶д֡
Źȥ̽ͷһ̾ȵĵɴ˫ۡ
꼶ģ
̧ͷ֣ˣ
šøС£ϰڵļ飬޶ôѧ꼶γ̣
ѧĿ졣ӣѿŰֵı޶˵ţд
޶ЦӯӯĴӦֶ԰˵ְ֣ңһ
áСԴЦѧϰ꣬Ҿһ
´ű޶ѧϰûʲôȥˮϴ
ϴ꣬һ࣬ðݳԷ
ʱʻࣺǲٶ̫ˣ
֪ҽ̣һǴһ꼶γ̿ʼǱ޶ꡣ
ѧǲ̫һ㡣
Ѿٶˡ಻ΪȻЩε˵ѧĿ죬ʲôҲ˰ɣ
޶СͰѧϰñʿʼдһҪСһѧϰ
ҲһЩû뵽˵Ĳ̫
Եʮֵĺá
Ŀİܱʫʱ䳤ҲдһЩ򵥵֣ȵʱ
ͽα֪ʶȻٶȣÿֻѧСʱ
Ҳѧ꼶γ̡
Ҳ֪̫С˵Ѿϰߣÿ춼ҪѧϰҲֹ
ǵǡֵͷΪ˵еҪҴɣ
ѧ׶࣬Ϊ˽ְԱģҲС
ģҲСкü࣬޶ȥ
С඼ûһ£ֱӾܾڲʺѧ
޶⼸˺ôľ
Űģ
ٴꡣ˵ȫûһʱٴȥɡ
޶û𣿡֣Ϊʲôǲֱ޶ʲô⣿
ûʲô󰭡˵ЩĺܺãֻǳԲЩݡ
룬Щɵ˵˵Щæ˵Ĺϵ
֣
ûǹңҪǶ޶˵ӦͬСһ
뵽࣬Ա޶ж磬־û˵⻰
ǾͶ˵룬ཨ飺ģԶ
Ҫæô£ƽʱҲûˣ޶ֲ̫Ըĺֻˡ
࿴ӣ¼Щʱ޶˵
ôҲܶ
Ǿͱİɡ˼Ƭ̣ð˵ЩУҲ¼Ÿ
ʱ䣬ǻͱ޶æŸɻʱ
޶ǹԹԵİĸߡ
ʱ䳤˾γϰߣ˭Ҳûòԣڲŷֱ޶˵
εĺӲ˲١
෢ֺ󣬾ʹű޶ȥ飬ҽֻ˵һ
ûʲô⡣
ſԼ˱޶ְԸȥСű
ЩһƵ˵û뵽˵ϳ⡣
𼱡ְοŵ˵취˵㻰
Ѿ˵뷨Ҫ̽һ±޶ǺӸȤ
Ǿû⡣
л˵
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ


92 

޶ıQQ, ָ·һСҰɫ
Ťͷİ֣һ˷ۺڴ, գŴ۾ȴֵĻش
΢΢һЦ, ˵һӢ, ظһñ޶ѧ
뵽޶İ취СӶȤ޶ְѧϰľͷ
˵Ҫ̱޶ѧӢ
߱޶ֻڷܺѧĺӲѧϰƽС塣
ҲǸտʼѧϰӢ
޶ô£ȰѧϰĺúӣҪǰöꡣ
ı޶, ǺúƵĺ, , ֪Լλ塣
ǰѧöꡣ
˷ܵĲ, ƵƵ԰ڣõĹ
Űֽ
־ָԺĶ, һתת
ʲôѧʲôѧĸ࣬Ͱѱ޶ɹĴ˳
ӡ޶ָ, ְ֣֣˵ӡ
Ȼֽһӵĵʡ
Ҷӡ
޶С֣һָָ, һָָǶ
ֻҪ, ʲô, ֻҪϲġ
ðֽ
ȻȻѧʲôҲǴҪ޶ѧϰ
ֻ˵һ㣬ôﵽ˵Ŀġ
ִű޶һ·ߵظתһ
·һƬӵĲ˵أÿҶмֵкܶ฾ŮԼҵժˡ
һװġ
ֺ棬࿴˼ۣժˡ
ˡ
֪ǲ˵ذ԰ˣӭû˳Եʱڡ
ʦ˺֣ЦŶ֣ˣ
šֳһ£ʶòĻһ䣺ˡ
ʮŮˣһͷ̷ɾ䣬žǸܸɵˡ
лл㡣÷ЦҪȥ۰ףǻ֪ء
ĸм԰Խ飬ǴӰѰ׶ǰˣ˲ǮǶ˰ʦˡ
Ҳڱĵطְڰ֣˼ǲл۰׵ģǮҲȥԣҲǸĺá
ɲҪҪ˵ӵˣûôġ
Ҳ֪һᣬһ취˹Ķҡ
ɲô˵÷˵ҪûͷǮ
Ǵӵ˶ܸм㡣
֪ĽᣬΪ־£ӺܶҲʮֲ
ڴӳԹת۾Ͱѻ־򷢳ӣôԼӱ˲ܡ
ֻҪڴ쿴˷С
үʲôˡ÷ﶼûٰЩˣҶء
Ȱ֣ˣһʱֲ֪ô˵
ֻһлٿ࣬ʾﶼбˡ
ŶŶ޷˵ʲôֻżӦһҶͦá
ֻǻ÷һ䣬ѰһĲһĳؿڡ
үͺúùɡ÷ЦݣĶ԰գգۣǶǰ
ƺЩźֹĿŰ֣ðֿ˵ϧܳԾϯ
Ƕ뿴үҸʲô˹ӣźϲأ
ƤԤԽãսӲؼһЦ
ǿ򶨣ֲ̿ܵʻࡣ
ү˵顣÷ƣ۰ɫæ͵Ҿ˵˵û˼
ʦɱѽ
÷֪Ϊʲô˵ĺúõģɫզˡ
ͣȴԱһ̫̫һơ
ʲôأ̫̫ۣɸֵ˵⻰ү˵Уʦ˵˵ʲô
תͷ֣Це˵ʦѽǺ˵˵ء
÷
Һ˵˵أ
Ҷ죬裬˵ʹ˵
ǲ
̫̫Ȱ˵ֵ۾أ翴ˣš
֣ûʲô˵ģ˭˭һӡ
ӵˣû룬ǳ˻־¡
Լ̬ȣΪ˰ָ˸ңһЩ˾ͷֹ
ϸϸ۲죬²࿴ϰ֣⻹ʲô׵ġ
ԺǶһˡ̫̫˵ҲǻҳˣСôʹö˭
ǲ˶Գ
һ̫̫⻰˵ˣͻĹϵˡ
嶯ҪȾܡ
ȴ񱻶סһһֻļǵĥ
Ǹȥһڷϣ
һ࣬ɫ棬ȴƮ̫̫ӡ
Ǵӡ̫̫˵İָ첲Ƕܿģڽ˴һ׮¡
ǸС尡̫̫̫̾ࡣҪһ˳һˣҪЩݣЩ̫ס
ԽԽˣûģ˺һӵˡ
˵ǶҪллأ
̫̫˵ʦ㲻õģǴҶϲ㣬ͳͺúùӰɡ
֣
̫̫еĿ⣬ﾪȴǰ㲻ԡ
ֻ΢΢ͷһֱǸӵˣӦö֪
ʱѡװɵû̫̫˼
Ƕǵ˵һ䡣
ʱܶ˶ժ˲ˣŰ˵׷£
˵һҪȥ̫̫𣬲ȴҶΧ
һű޶ˡ
÷Ű̶ӣɡ͡ЦﰵֹƤ污
ȴ˵裬㲻˵Լ˵ûûˡ
÷ָŰֱӰֻ˵˶ˡ
̫̫һŮһۣ㶮ʲô
ѻ˵͸ҵ̬ȣôҡ
˵˵һ𣿡
̫̫ǱϲȥҲء
˵Ļǿ϶ǴͬʾֳܰΪˡ
˵ʲôأ˹ʣʦզˣ
ǻ˵˵ʾлأһգ۾ˡ
ˣ̫̫һİƣָ»÷˵ѻ˵ˣѰʦˡ
÷
Թˣ
Ǵˣ־͸лһ£ҵ䵥Ļᡣ
ͻĹϵҶ֪Ըܰ֡
ˣļŮֵıӰΪЦ
ᡣ̫̫ҡͷһƶ˵ҿСƤҲ˼ˡ
˵ˣгأһǵ˼
ǾСҷ׷׵ͷֻҪ಻ᣬǾν

һ·ܻؼңıű޶·˭
ûͣ½Ų
ࡣЩţﶼǵǣˡ
զˣ̧ۣܳһͷСֵģ
΢΢Ϣ˷±޶ĿֱֱĿŻࡣǷˡ˵ǵĹϵˡ
ûκͣ٣һ̫̫Ů˵ĻԻѧһ顣
Ȼ۰Ͱ͵ĿŻࡣ
֪֪¡üɫɫûκα仯ֲʲô£
㣿˵±˾ٱͻ඼ץ
Żһֱû¹ǵĶԼ˵ˡ
¡࿴۵ǣﻮһ˿ۣǸ˵һûб˼
ǰҲйû˵¡
ѱ޶ӹȥð£룬б˼ôᵱ˵¡
֣
Ҳԡ
ϸ룺ĸŮҪл˼Ͳ˵ЩϾԺҪͻʲô£׵ǻɶ
šͷ侲룬Ի˵˵Щﻰⶼûһ⡣
˼ţѸղԼԵĵطһ
ͬϿǵ˼
ֿŻ࣬𽥿϶ϣûһ㳰ζ
ǲˡ壬üЦûãʾ𣿡
ҡЩȣ˼˵лˡ
šӦһ漴Цһ£ҲûϣǾǲ²¡
˼Ǹֻ֣߰Ҫͬ⣬ԼͲǵĹϵ
һжֵġ
ԡֻǽ֪ԽԽãֻҪǲϣ˭Ҳܰô
Ͼ˶ӣ´ӵûʲô˼Ҫ͸©ȥ
˿ǲ׼
գֲðԾͰջ˵ġ
ǾװͿ
ˡ࿴һûʧģ׻һ죬Щûõ¸ʲô
˲ˡһ£ЦЦˡ
һڣܻһ죬ӵ˽Ӵ١
Ǳ˶֪
ؼԼҪסţץסѱ
ͺúİࡣ˵£㲻ùܡ
һ̣ðסѧУͦãʡе紵ݶ
͵¡


93 
¡¡
, ˯оѣˣ
۾ֹһ, һѰס
ˡ´, ֱֿ˵, ˯ɡ
šԺûȫѣ
ת˯ȥȻţüͷ΢Ŵꡣ
ô꣬·һߣֺͳƽǡ
ҪȥѧУ
, ŵĴ·, ¿ȥء
Ȱʱ, 껹, ɫ谵ûһĨ⡣
Ҫǿֱ֪ʱ䣬, Ϊڵҹ
ֵϴƽҲˣĴ그
̫̾ˣгѽ
ֲûƽƳһ,ٴҲҪѧ
ֿ̾Ц첻ǳ£㻹ûϰ߰
ǲϰߡƲƲ˵ֻǾЩ·ѧҪˡһ·ߵѧУЬʪ˲˵, Ҫճһࡣ
㵹졣һ,Էȥ, ﱯ
˵꿴֣гˣһȥѧУ
һ㶣ͷҲãǰɡ
ֵҪҿȥɣʡ㻹һˡ
زҪСʱأ
áϵ˵ȥ͡
Ҳûԣ֪಻ģϾ·ǿӿݵ·
Ҳÿ
ʱ䡣ʣôҪǲоЪһʱ䡣
Сһʢһ˵ƽƽʮǮһʮûҪЪš
Ĳ١ָˣ΢΢һЦˣ춼ЩǮ
Ϊ˰Żũû뵽١
·ϵĻѾˣֻÿЩɡ
һ˹ʡ
֪ÿʮ飬رˣ̨ˡ
ʱͻرˡ
Ȱǳ극ȥԺιƽȥι
Ҳûţѥҳʱûϡ
ʱ޶ˣ۾Źݳ־͡⡹ܹ
ְ֡޶һͷֻҪ𣿡
ֽ֪ϰ࣬ټҪԺЩᡣ
šһСЦе˵޶Ͱְϰòã
޶ɴ۾ԻСԴʣͰְϰࣿ
ǰָˮϴ޶ȥȥѽҪȥҪϴԷ˾͸ϲˡ
ȥ޶ʱˣ̶ڵϴͰְϰࡣ
ָʢԹԵĳԣһƬ
Ǽҵĸо
Ȼæ꣬޶ķҲˣֿʱ䡣
֡
߰ɡֻѥִ£Ի˵ñ޶ǰ棬߳ᡣ
ǰгܲ꣬޶
ֻǵȥһ̣ʱͣסŲ
ȵĿָ࣬ʣɶʱģ
ϣỹͺͺģȴǴһڷ絲ӡ
ô᲻ȡ
ϴġ赭д˵ͳƽű޶ǰ档
ֵʮϳУһȥɡ
Сͬ⣬ֻЩۻ࣬Թôһ
ԺҹѣʱҲˣһûƵ˯ˡ
ǳӡ
¶ˡµڣһһɶҲˡ
֪ˡЦЦ˰һѣϳɣˡ
ѱ޶Լϡ
ʵĳֶԳƽ̾ϸġ
ƽ֪ܶ˶˵Ƣãֻ˵
ֻоӴˣ֪жϸģرչˡ
ƽ˵˵ҸˣҲ룬ʲôëƤС¶ңʱ䳤˭᲻
˵Ƣ𱬣Ƿ겻ͣ˭֪Ѵ
Ҫ˵ƽ䵭ڵĻᣬӦʲôҲˡ
ûǷģҪ໥ݣƽһ˭Ҳ
֣
֪ƽ飬û뵽ﻹԹӦΪ౧ƽ
ֻ͸ƽ뷨ʱҲ˵ʲô³ƽĸࡣ
ֻЦȰһ䣺ĺãҲǿʲôҲܰ
ɡƽʼ磬һνģֻҪ˾ͺá
֪һ˲һţ۶Ǵ硣
Ƣô粻˵£Ҳڰϴ⡣
ΪǺá
Ҳõġֿɫ˼Ƭ̺˵粻˵Ժٶ
϶˵ΪǣҲôˣ˼ڼ
ǻı֤
Ȼû˵Ǿ־ǳ־磬װԶ̬ȡ
ɵӻ޵ľٶŲɣ˵ˡ
볤ƽӣû˵ȴǲԼͬһЦ
ղվһսߵ°ǰ
ϣʹû˴šƽüչΪ˵úõĹһӡ
лˡЦݲã׳ƽ˼֪Ҳǡ
ϾǲǺͻమһӵļˡ

ڴſͣ£̽ͷȥͼվ˺ܶˡ
ͷ϶һϲꡣ
ſڻͣһһ⳵ģЩȥѧ
꡸£ûһɫҳҲǲЩӡ
վڴſ͵˲١
ҲϲǶһ·ɡºЬЩ١
̾⼸ԣһ㣬ЩҲԡ
ȥѧϳüЩ㣬ˡ
һ˸˵ӦæתкԼҺӣ㣬ү
ʵ˵໰һ䣬ܡ
塣Ц鷳ˡ
˳ֵ¡ɫҲлֻ΢΢˵ͷ
𼸾䣬Щ˼
ǲ׼ɡ¡
£ѹʲôҲ˵ԺӰɡ
ۿһӣʪŲŲ
óĵط
ЩӽϣŽѾŲЬֶоԼϴһ⡣
ı޶С£ϴСѥ
ĬĬ룺Ҳһ棬ֻǿЩҳǲǿⷽ档
ּǵãѧʱ򣬺öͬѧҲûɡ¡
ЩһǱ
𶯡
ҾͿ
ֲͷͿһкűϴ¡
áкһϲϻµδˮ飬Ҫһͺˡ
¡Ǹ˵ǼҲ򼸼𡣡
ֶ΢оϤ̧ͷȥÿһˡ
󻢡ֺкЦʵ²ڷ絲껹ů
󻢡ٺ١һЦЩ˼˵򲻳ʱ䡣
ϧԼ£ֿϴѥⶼΪġ
üܹĺӡ
ֻЦûнӻųЩŮ
һнĿ
΢ϴεӰڣܺܶ˶ûǡ
΢΢ۣһ߼£ЩӴѹ
ϾЩǴ˵¡
ղµкûһ
˼۾Цúϲ£죬Ƴ۰֡
˼ǣû
ǣ;ԼҺӣʱһƤ
ѾӲĹϵĸ㡣
ղûס󻢵ѥĽĲС
ûסԼ˵˻
ֱۣЩ΢ĺЩһޱȡ
ûһ˵ǵƤ
ЦԼôͨ𣿸ôСġ
ֲۣŻı޶ѧӢﵥʡ
˵
˿ʱ룬ЦӢѧô
ûио
һ⣬ЩõŮҲװˡ
ߴߴĺͰ˵
¿ˮӢﲻѧǳɼô
ЩӶƫƵ
ֻһٲֻԣӢѧҲǺܺãоʮֿա
룬˵౳ǻһŽıУ̡
ԼĵᣬЩӣϣܶЩ
ʱܿȥͣѧſڣ³
ʻϣĿĿŰ֣һֱǼ졣
ͰһҲ˼档
·Сġ۲תڲŲᣬҾͻȥˡ
šĿϣֶӣҲչ˺Լ˾ͼӼ·
ֲͷӵЩѾУţƽҲˡ
֣ڵţסӡ
촽˵Ի䰡
л˵
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ


94 
࣬ϮʪĳʪϢ
վڶ¥Ŵ
, ϮʪĳʪϢ
վڶ¥Ŵҡҷ֦Ҷ, ų
һһ
ⳡ, һ½, һһ䡣
ֲɴ顣
뵽Ϯָе㷢о
ʦºƿվڴ߲Ц㲻ȥЩѧѧϰˣ
ȥֱֿɵ˵ھȥ
˵ߣû칫ļʦӰָָ㡣
ʦ
һɼɡ
ֻǰ˰ĳɼλʦҡͷ,Ѱ
Щʦ˵Ļ, ֲ֪, ֻĲ
˰ȥ
·ѧ, ҵģȥ칫Ͻҵ
ֻһ, ɸ촽ﱥЦ⡣
׷׶
΢΢üŲֱͣ߹ȥﲻ̾ԼһЦ
ں
ֻҪЩѧ, ЩΪôһ㳰Ц
ȫֵá
Ҳ˼޾Ĵһ࣬ҲǰС
͸á
ڴŰ˰ѧ, ѧϰ˶ʮӢ֮, һ¡
Ҳˡ˵ǿ԰ԼԸ, İʱ䡣
ŵ¼ʮѧûкǻȸԾ飬΢΢һģ
΢΢üһ룺ѵԼˣ
ϰΡ˵ҲˡԸѧϰίԱ˵ҪҹѧϰίԱȥ칫ҡ
ͣһ£ѧǲ񣬲ŵģ
ҡͷÿ˲һԼԼʦһϲ
ϧ
ϰʮӡּ˵ϰİСʱһҪġ
վڽ̨ϣü۵ѧҪ֪ǻ˵ʲô
ǰֺʧ
ûһ˵ͲƵģϣһЩ뿪
ǾɡֵһʼûзӦЩε˵ϣѧϰΪԼ𡣡
ʰ뿪ߵſڵʱ򣬰תͷ
ѧУѧϰʦǷǣʦûж⡣
һ࣬ЩϣӽЩǴȥĻҪ
ʧѹԼѧԼԹԣⱧԹûʲô
ǾȻϣԼж󣬱˼ϣе޷ܡ
ֻΪԼõķԣѧᷳǶԼĲء
ǰųţѧը˹ߴߴ˵Ű֡
ѽһģŲӸ֣ʦַʲô裬ǹ˵𣿡
嫣ʦС˵ҲС
ͷͷѧ׷׿ڣ˵ʲôǸĺˡ
֪ԼˣڿʼǵͷӲŴѧϰˡ
һΪԺʲôôҲԸ£һҪס
˵ĻǳĬѧռû˼ַ֡
ίԱ󻢣Ľңûվܼɡ
ĵĿŽſڡ
ˡ೤޿̣һӵûꣿ
ΪʲôѧϰΪʲô˸ı䣬ʲôԭ

ʦΪǺá೤˵ǲҲˣΪʲôһҪŰʦأ
١۾һһۣб೤û˵Ƶģζϡ
ԶԡͷЦе˵ȫ඼зݣɱǰ
೤
ȫͬѧ
޻˵޷ʲôȷʵ˵֡
û˼
ֻǿֳúÿῴź˵Һõث˵ϼ䡣
޷ͼֺǡ
Ƕ԰ְѧϰʹţ֪ǺЩо˼а塣
ôҸоҡ
ںˡ೤̾ʦˣ
ֱĸо
೤Ů黨裬üë
һյӡ
ѧϰʱ⣬Ƕõѽ
೤˵һǵһʦоھӼҴƵġ
磿һЦ˫﷢ʲô
㡣һ죬߳ŭ˵˵ʲôأ
˵ɶ㲻ʾǰ೤Ҳ£ʦиֲң˵˵ɶ
첱ӴֵѣԽԽ
һ̾Ҫ
ȫͬѧĿתˣ·Ϊʲôôף
ˡҲȥתͷǲƤˣ
㣺
񾪻תЩ£һģ
嫼æԲ󻢣ȻǼίԱûȨ˰
Це˵ֻǹܼɣ㲻Ըʦǲִˡ
ҲҪֵܴѽ
ѽ۾һӣҴңҾ͸ʦ
ϴ֪Լᡣ

ĲЦһû취ģƵƵ󻢡
վЦҲܴ㣬ܰȥӰѧϰ
˵㣬ͬԣӰѧϰ͸վȷʡ
㿴Ҫģæ˫ͶҴˣұ졣
סԼ죬ҡͷʾԼ˵һ˰ģ
㡣ͣ½ŲüϿʱ˵һ仰Ҷ㲻
š죬ӦţʾԼ˵
꽻ӵûôɵȥվţȥǸ
﷢ʲôֲֻ֪Ͻᡣ

һˡ
°ֽ࣬ŲҴңƿžͺ𣿡
ˡ࿴üɫ裬ۻϲģһЦ͵ء
ϰ˵Իûȥֳ緹
ֲ֪ǲߣҲһ
㡣ʹһ£ϰڵͭдͷ𣿡
̰ͭ׵ĹͷཹཡðСݣɢ˵
һ¿ˮһڴͷĽͷԡ
رóԡ
С˵ˣƬԡ
СŻ࣬۰Ͱ͵˵ȿһһ
һָȻԼͳһ㣬ǽ
ԡΣֺЦ˵ȥϴֳԷȥá
ֻһĵСӣڵõԼҪĶ
ָţڿпͷı޶Ի༷ۣʾԼĲƫġ
࿴ߵıӰҲ˲סκᡣ
һ̲ˣϣƬ
аװŸ±²˻лСһһںá
̾ϢһԺˣ
ϰ͵ĲˡˣɢˣЩϾҪԲ
ֻײˡܲЩһ졣
˻νһȻ˵жζҲ
ʲôʱʲô
ϰΪȻ˻ͱȶ˻óԶ١
ǵǡֵͷЩϲԣһ룬ԵʱʲôС
ࣺ
˾̰ġ
û˵Ͼǰ˵⻰಻֡
ֳһƬ۾ȴһ£ƽأ
ûǡƬһ٣۰˵Զٷ
ˣͰ밲ĳԶٷףᡣ
ûܹܵ
Ҳ˰Цۣ޶СԴôˡ
Ӵ۾һתһãı޶üЦҵĺôôء
һС˦ģҲû˦
ͷ±޶СЦǱ޶£Բԣ
ְ֡޶ֿ֣̾࣬һɵ˵
šָһƬƬЦе˵Ǳ޶ԣְֵĻ
һ̷ǳ㣬Լİ˼ˣǻһֱԼߡ
ʲôأ
󣬰ڻ໳˯ı޶
ࣺԼæҷżٻȥ㡣
һæ
Ҫɲˡ̲ˡˣҪһĲˣ׼һȡůõýľͷӡ
رũ廹Ҫһգָֻһˣ붼ۡ
һɡ˵һ˶һԼһ˿š
ĿƵĿŻ࣬ۺΣԸ֡
Ըֵκ͸
š§΢΢ۣҵ㡣
ůůģûӲ겻ֻͣ⡣
ºܶ£ѾŰֲڣѾǰˡ
Ҳû˵
ֳ꣬ȵİ
ٶҲԸ
ʱһա
ǿ˵ˡ̧ͷٴȷϣһңռ١
л˵
л2022-06-17 11:42:42-2022-06-18 11:56:32ڼΪͶƱӪҺСʹŶ
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ


95 
ʱһΣĩѧУũæ١
ڿΣѧʽżٻؼңС
ʱһ, ĩѧУũæ١
ڿΣѧʽżٻؼ, ʮļڡ
ʮſѧ
¿廹û, ־ǰվڰ˰, οʦһߡ
ңѧȸԾΪγٶˡ
ôѽʣǷżٵĿİɣ
⻰һ䣬ѧɫһͣôǡ
ҪؼҰա
ȴǡ໡һЦҵҼҿûеҪա
ϵľ, ÿũæٶֵʱ, Ҫˡ
Ŷֲ̲ĵͷ, ûд, ˵ڼǰף֡
Цͬѧǻȥʱע·ϰȫ, ȥȻؼұƽ
ֶ䣬ۼеͬѧסҪؼҵ
ҿЩȥɡѧЩ,ôȲס޵ѧúüһ£ʲô
ʱ¹ͻȻû´
ѻ˵, һСͬѧ, Ѿܳҡ
ЦЦ, ٶ໰ͬѧ뿪
һŴҲˡ
ֻصᣬԼһЩгٽӡ

һ·ϣ·ߵոӰ
ɼӿٶȣ²ŴӿҲʼոˣ֪᲻
ȻԼӳ첻ܵȣŻԡ
Ҳȥո
»Ӧˬ죬Ժܴ󣬰ֲ²һԼɡ
ȻȰֻصңܵܡ
װӡ
֣
ˣ࿴վſڣС˵ɵô
㲻˵һ𣿡ְߵĿŻ࣬˵㻰
㲻㻰ЦߵſڰѰȥӳ첻ܲո
㿴Ӷˡָŵϵӣʱҡ
١ſЦһԵָ㻹ˣ
ҪɻжǣɶȱͲȱɡ
üƽҲ˵ӡˣкܶء
֣
һĶͷһգտɲֻиӡ
кܶء
аЦˣٺͻˣСӣʱһɡ
¿ۻۣ࣬ˣҲˡ
ഩűģһ˵ĳ㣬ˢ÷׵ĺڲЬ
صصũ硣
촽ϣഩһһǵĸо
ũ壬رǸɻʱֲܴù
ϣҲû취
Һһɻ˵ҡ
ʲôЦۼ˭øɻһҲ䲻¡
ָСµı޶꡹İװӣ۱޶Ҫɻء
ŷģ¶Ҫװӣƽס
Ͼװˡƽ˵Ҹȥɡ
ҲСֿʣµӲ࣬ҲˣҺȥ
ϣɻ飬ˡ
ʱֻʣʲô
ࣺ
ûʲôյˡ
ֵĶѾ԰ĶҲǰضǰʰˡ
ӣֵĻƶʣĶˮ
Ҫȼո
ֵǵˣȫԺԲƣǡ
ĿƵİ֣뵽ԼҪô˵ֿܻʧ
ϾһŰԼֵ
Щ硣˵ˣô죿
üͷ΢Ȼװֵ˼ǻ鷳

ˣ۾һ˵˵̫ˣ
ЩԼΪ뵽Ǯİ취ֺ޲¡
ࣺû룬Ҫֲǰæ
ôᡣһ㸺ûУЦӯӯĿŻ࣬㲻Ѿֹһˣһɹ
ΪԹů߲ˣ־ʹ⣬׼ֲ
־ﻮ㡣ֿ⣬ȰҲֵأֵǮġ
ӡˮסЩ߲Ǯ
ִս࣬ҡ첲˵߲ˣǼ۸񣬿Լ˵㡣
ǮǶǮ
ںΧûֵģͷһݡ
յļ۸ûС
û롣̾˵鷳Ҫջע¶ȣҪȥ
һ鷳
ȥ̵ģȥ
ֵҲ֣Լæ
⻰˵飬ÿ춼Ҫϰ࣬һڲŻһ졣
ûôʱæ
Ҫüϸ˼һ£һǻסɣϿ԰Щ
ˡЦãϽֹ㻹ǺúôѧУɣ²ܡ
Ķ죬˶£رһһ
ûԸš
ãֻεĽӹΡ
ͺúϰࡣ˵壬糤ƽǣʵŰɡ
Լҵܵʲô̰ȥѧ
ǰֲС
˵Բ˿࣬Сڣиô
۵ĻԼ
аɡƲƲ죬֪һͬ⣬ɺ˵Ǿˡ
ȲСֵܣСĶǺӡ
ҲȲ
ҲǲšֳĬƬ̣˵ֵͬأǮľ
ҪǳɹԺǾֲˣľͲˡ
ʵﻹһ뷨
ն֮꣬ѾЩϰʮˣһ̬
ȫ״̬
Ļ࣬ðЩ£Ҫǻһ
ڻˡ
ֶ»һ㲻Ŭһν̬ȡ
԰ֲš
⻰˵ֻ˵ԼǮ붬ܳһ߲ˡ
԰ײˡܲЩ
㡣ðû취ֻν˵ڣôžôŰɣ
΢΢̾Ϣ˭˸ʡĵİأ
ڰְڣѾߣԼߡ
Ѿ㡣
Ϊ˰һС˼һòȫֵá

ǵڶ죬ͰǣʰõĶϵֲˡ
ôոһ䣬Щ˿æҲĹһ֡
壬ʱֲܻ𣿲öˣ
һ࣬˵û˵ů߲ƹ㣬ܶ˶֡
֣
ĴۣȻﲻ⣬ӸЩݡ
͵͵Цһ£ӵˣһ
־֪໹ǷŲЩˣһҲһ¡
ǰҲ˵߲ȻһЩֳǮء
ԼڱĳУ߲˵˵һ飬˼۸
Ĳ˼۸˼˵һĶǮһһӵĻͳˡ
Ҫٶһ㣬ʣǧ⣬˵㲻㣿
棬ģ
ôǮ
ѽѽⲻǷˣ
ֿһȣֳڴĶģ
չ¶š
ƭǸʲôֵָָЩ磬ʾǿⲻ𣿡
ҪǲţͿֳǮ֪ˡ
塣塸ৡһ£˫ȵĿ࣬Ҳֵ㣿в
ֿ֣ɫе㲻˼ʰ֣壬ֲܸ
ȻСûԥֱЦ־£ǲ档
̬ȣðֺ⣬ûȻ
ûš
֪ǲӦͲƵġ
һ뵽ͻȥʱЩҲǵȻͬ⡣
Ÿһȥ
û⣬ֻΪԼǮײϵ̬ȡ
룬һµůҪǮǿҪˡ
塸١һ£˵ǮǮء
ȻȥôǮ춼Ǯ
ôһ˵æˣҲĶѡ
˵ȥͼ¡
æҪŰǽů˳ѧϰһ¡
ºܿ촫ȥ벻ѧů߲ˣǰæ
ڲ칦ֲٽůȫˡ
ֻʱΧϴĤ
ʱҲʮһչڣҲһ졣
æŹڣͬʱҲյӵʱ
ĦȭҪµո
ڵ˰ֵʱ򣬰ֶ־ͬʱвСŻࡣ
ֹңһҪһµء
ࣺ
ôɵ
˵ʲôأ
ֵ⣬ȫףðָɻ
Ҳһֹ
ðɡͷӦε˵ȥȥ


96 
ӱ߳ƬĽƵ, Ѿոʱ򣬵ӵӰ
ÿ˶Ӻ꣬Ļ, ȫϻȡ
ֵͷˮ, һǿҧ, ͷϵĺˮϻ䡣
оԼҪһ
˵ֳܱ˿ǿܵģ
ﰵᣬŸСʱҲû˵ۡ
̧ͷԶĻ࣬˶ĸ첲輸¡
һСƬӵ¡
ڻԱߵĶ, ٶ಻, ʼձͬٶȡ
ƽ, Ҳһֱͷո, ںһλá
ֻаԼں, Զľ롣
ôڲϵëתͷСӼı޶ֵ룺滹иԼС
ѵװɡ˵ȥɹ
һ֪ʲôʱ, һʱЩãȻ
û𣿡ֵ̧ţЦſԴ㿪ȥ
Ǹһ𣿡ţС˵⻹кܶء
ٶҲǵġ˵ֻжӵһĶ, Ǽҵһߡ
Űͷ, ̲סָ̧, ˵ųƽǣѵȥ
˵ҺͶһСʱͲˡ
˵겻Ȱ˵ֱкƽǣǹѵװϡ
࿴ûЦ˵ɶأѵóƽǿ
һ·Ӧʱ¶Цݣ˵ĴӦãȥ
˵ˣȥѷˣһͻȥԷ
Щɣϵı㰡ˡ
ʮ㣬ôҷ˻ǰˡ
ֻҪӱóһȾС
ȥȥüƺԼأַ˵˵ͳƽǹˡ
ִӦһֵ֪ˣǹˡ֪չԼҽڸԼŻԼ᲻ġ
ͬʱҲԼܵܡ
ֻǡ
ֿۻڸˮĶӣ۵ĿŻ˵Ҳȥ𣿾ʣԼˣ
ȥ˵ͷ¿˳ҲӲˣڲҵġ
Թԣɫºͣá
Ȼû
Ҳ㡣ЦǶɻ㲻ʲôȫԼš
˵ڸˮǶԼģǻԼĻ
ҲῴŻԼɡ
ֻܸɣκλܾǸӣƽƵġ
಻öӸ̫࣬°ۺˣ塣
ϾӲʮꡣ
ȥɡߴ٣ðֿߣһͻȥˡ
˵תһòñȷ磬һʣµǵˮȥ
վƬ̣ʼˮֻתͳƽװ
˰ɣֿգмڣЦôɻèˣ
ɻв̭ġΪ⣬Ц˵㿴Χˣһɾġ
ҲǡֵͷֶԳƽ˵ƽȴ޶ؼңҺͳȥжӡ
Сƽ޶ֵǻؼҡ
ء޶࣬Գƽҡͷְһء
Сһպ˵ģϲһ㱡ȻҲȡ
ְ˵ȥְһͻȥˡ
ѱ޶ƽȴȥȥɹ

ֿѵɹĵطжȴûлؼҡ
Ǻͳ˵Ȼȥȥǡ
ҲȥŲñԼȷ磬ʣµЩ
ֻ˵ʲôǿһֻֿȥ
һĹ򣬻ͶָһƬֻʣһֶء
ֶ˵͸Ҳһ
Ȼ࿴ϣȫۡ
ӡ˵ȥЪһǸ
áҡͷǵͷӣҲۡ
ϸУûũæ٣η˼졣
Ϊڡ
Ҿܸ⼸졣Ӳ˵㻹ҪɺЩء
ࣺ
˵ʲô
ԼֵˣҲԼˣů֮⡣
ܺǳ⡣
ˢˢˢָּӿٶȡ
ֻҪһ㣬Щںˣͻһۡ
ˡַԻЦǿһؼˡ
šЦֲ̧ȥֶǵĺһؼҡ
ٸһҲټ⼸ͻȥ
װװָˣǴӮһƵģǻؼҳԷˡ
࿴ıӰȫǳ磬ĸԸְš

ǳ緹Ѱǰ˯Լȴˡ
ȣҲûϢһҪŰϢʱ
ȡһ㡣
Ķˮ̰ڵĸɣոꡣ
һ̲ͣԼһЩ
ֻոûãһŭȣࡣ
ŭܵǰ˵˵
ָƭ˯ĹԼ͵͵ܳɻ
㲻֪𣿡ˣۿʻࣺ֪Ƕ𣿡
ôôɣ
̲סᣬһ뵽Щ꣬඼ôġ
ľ񱻵Ƶۡ
Ƕˡʵܰˡ
Լؿڣһߵ˵ңȻɲ˶ٻǺôܰôһ㡣
ܻΪʲôǵþܾǣΪʲôƫҪԼǿѵ㲻𣿡
ࣺ
ε̾Ҳǡ
§ڻۿЩȣԸԼ۵㣬Ҳһࡣ
Ƕһ顣
ǻ֪ۣܲʱĶû˵ĵطޱӡ
ֶȲԼСֵܣôðԼ
һֱڵɻ
ƽǻС˵ӾٺãҲʮ꣬ôָǸɶٻ
ǡ֪˵еҲȫԣǶҲܸһЩܱһǿɡ
֪ԼũУ˵ǿĶӣƽǶȲϡ
ǶҲܸɵ㡣
ܰһһ㡣̧ͷŻ˵ֻһ㣬ҲǾܾҡ
ѻ֣Լؿڣһѹ˵ۣ֪𣿡
ӵˣʱڼϢƬֻлһˡ
ðôۡ
С̲סѰֽڻӿһɬһɣҡ
жమ֣жжһٲܾ
ٰΪĺټעڰϡ
ˡЦŸᣬȤ֣˻ޱӣЦ
ǳЩ˼Ӳûϵ
ѵҿ޷
޾Ϳˣ̲סͲ̣û涨ֻСӡ
п޵Ȩ
˵ĶԡæϣԼ˵ˣ޾ͿޣЦЦ˭Ȩ
ߡƿ˵ɻɡ
˯·ѵģûлࡣ
һȦǰԺֿһ飬Ų²ɻˡ
Եȶ˯ѣҹʱ򣬰ֺͻѾ˿Ķء
˼룬ٶȸ죬Э
ϸһĶ롣
ڶָо첲Լˣᱳʹĸ
ҲûгǿһֱͣĸӣǸɸЪЪ
ԼԵôǱ
ֱȫո꣬͵ɿټȥ
֪Լ컹ܲ
֪ˣĦ첲۵˵㿴ű޶ӾУǲ
Թ϶ᣬһ޿ģ
̶ֲ𱸡
֪ԼɻСֻ۵ܣ˵˭ֲעܸũǶһѧɶ˾ˡ
šӦһ֪˵öԣֻǲ
ѾϰһУҪΪԿֻ࣬һپܾ
˰ֵġ
ֻܱ죬ת˵һ£ӵ
衣̴Ӧ˵ֻҪǰøǮ
£Ҫϰ࣬ҲҪѧ
ʣͱ޶
ҪɻҪչ˺ӣţֻҪܰ࣬ǮС
Ҳñ˰Цã°յҪ󲻺ãǸǮɡ
󲮡أ̧ͷҲſŲˣܲҲҪǮɣ
ĿƣŻ˵ǰæв
ࣺ
ûˣҲŲ죬԰֡
޷ܾ
ֻܺ˵ʱң㲻õġ
Ļ˰æҲûΪѡ
ϾʱҼҶæ
ǾҪǮɡεİڰ֣һյ˵һǮ̫࣬ڻǷծ
ũģֻڻһǮûϣԾ͵ˡ
Ǿһꡣһᶨĵ˵ũһôۡ
Ьµأ˲ûʹȥɹŴһڼңܶɵͶһ㡣
ʮţǶҪ뿪ʣµ鶼ҪӸһˡ
һļ٣޲˯ȡеĻꡣ


97 
ˡ
һ, ־Ҫȥϰ࣬ĿŻࡣ
һ̫ۣɡ
֪ˡ, Ѱͳſ,߰ɡ
ŰЩĸ첲, ̲ס˵ϰɣ
áæҡͷ̧ȿгԼȥ
һﳵˣǸ첲ʹװûһ
ͷԻһЦȥɡ
Ϊ˶ɻֻ̰ʣһĶࡣ
Էˡ
ȴƣ, Ķ, Ψһõľ顣
ӭų, ŵ·, ¶Ļľ
һֵѧУ
һʱϵң򿪽, Լͬѧ
ÿ춼ǵһΪľЩѧܰȫĵҡ
֡
ʦ硣
硣ӭһѧЦӯӯ˵ȥɡ
һһѧ, һȫˡ
˳һ졣
վڽſڣһƣģ»Ȧ
ð˰ѧ棺ʦôˣʲô, ǵʲô󲡣
ǷǷľ,ʦ, զˣ񱻴ݲƵġ
⻰һʱôЦֻôش
֣
ü㣬ţһôÿ춼ͣ
֪ݲʲô˼𣿡ûкüԣȻһЦǾԴݲΪĿдƪ˰Ľ
㣺
˰ȫͬѧ
±ƣզˣô
־֣Ҫ˵ͱִϣԲɵ˵Ϸѧʱдøĸѧ
Լ쭣еͬѧΪԼӣȻѴݲ֡
λδֵʦͷϡ
ɨһȦȫͬѧȤʣҪһд𣿡
ѣҾͬ⣬Ǳ
˰ȫͬѧҡͷ񾪿ֵĿŰ֡
̫ˣ
Ҳһѿ˸ԹߣΪʲôԼдⲻƽ
뷴˵Լдǰᵽҳ
ò
Ҫƽ죬ǲʶһһ㲻صҪƽ𣿡
Լ˵Ĵдġ
ԸѧԸ⿪ھд飬ϣַʽס
Լ˼
㣺
ƿԣðȡЦֻ顣
֪ԼȷʵҪ˹ƽ
ǡʾ֭Ҫȥ˵һ仰ʦҪҡ
һŰʣǲеˣ
˵ͻȻ飬͵ӡ
ָŰִ˵Ǵ
ǣЦĿֱ㣬̬ȣʦӦе̬ȣ
ʦ£⳰Цȡ֣Ӵָ
־Լ̫ˡ
һʦǸĸߵ̨ϣӸµĿ㣬ȥĸĸΪǡ
˵ǾûҸǸ
ɨһȦӭӼʮĿ⣬ÿ񲻾ͬ
е˼еֻ²ؼ߸߹
һνģ
ѧޱ˵ѧУΪѧϰ֣ʦŸɡ
Բж¡
˰ͬѧˣʱ
ҾĵģÿѧΣӭӰֵŭ
ǰָûз˼ֻҪǣѧУĿʲô
ͬʱ֪ʲôʦؽ̡
ЩŮָ輫ĹػͬʱҲ˽εѧ
ӡ
һֱûж⼸ͷǲѿǱĬĽ̵
ûãҲϣؼɣȥͬѧ
ǰֵĵߡ
²ʲôȫԲᣬڷܼ䡣
ǰַ֣ԼԽǲȡжԽûûˡ
ڷչԼʦ¡
ˡֱֿʮӣԼϰɡ
תȫȥЩѧѡԼȷʡһ¡
һ¸ղŷ£˵ЩϣЩѧܶԼ̬ȡ
ˣ
ѧӢˣ
߳ң˰ѧĬ˺һ
ûٻ
̲ס˽Ÿͬѧһ䷢ʡ
ȫǲţһֱ־ѧϰİ֣ȻŹϰ
嫡ٺ١һЦ㼷üŪ۵Сʦˡ
˫ֱȭһģǴζ
ޣݺһڣԸ˵ǵǽˣҿǵùˡ
˰ֵİ
Ҫ
һٸ֣㶼Ҳÿζˡ
һ޿
һڣΪʲôҪǰ֣Ƿ˵Ǿ仰
嫺Ц˵㻹ͦвţȻôݲʦ
Լ°ͣ°Ȼ˵˵ͦС
ÿһЦȵģЩѧҪг
ִ˲ƣ뾡취ѧϰ
ȴһ̬񲻼ЦǿǱͦվˡ
άֲס
񱥾˪˴ִѣûľ
嫲²⣺ʦʲô£첻ǱһƵģˏC˽һȦ
ʧ¡Թ˵ɶ¡
ô˵ٴαۣվڷ˼ϡ
ϴһ
ȫѧУ̸ۣҶ£ֺá
𣿡Ŀ⻳ɣɵͲͨ
Ǵѧúÿȶ
ؼǻѧУֵķ
ʲôȱ˿ϣҪʧ֮
ǲǡһۣʾ⽭嫱̨ôĸҲƵдģ
嫼æ˫֣ʾԼͶԼдɡ
ЦǺǵ˵ǣˣѧ缸㡣
ԹۣǵĻһֱûдǡ
֪ǹ³ʲô
ۼŸͬѧҲС۸ղŵ£԰ֽ״̬
չֲ²⡣
ˣȥĻ׷ð˳
廨ʲôУ˿ЦõͬʱǶĳЩڲѷˡ
ᷳ
ˡ󻢿ԽԽ񻰣üֹ˵ˣúϰ
Ժ󻢵׺˰ͬѧᣬǳ±졣
ͷҲĲ鲻ԸĲٱĳһ֡

ֻص칫ң̾ήҵ̯ϣĶۡ
զˣºƾȣİʣʲôˣ
û¡ҡͷ˵Ҿ۵ġ
˵յ£ȻһɻĿųºƣ㲻ҲҪؼôһ仯ûУ
ºƣ
ɶˣ
ũˣЩĻϰˡ
࣬û̫ۣûʲô仯
ҶɶˡºЦıȵϰʦϸƤ⣬Ϳģ
Լһûж⣬ôɹôҲ
˵֪˵ȥºҪȤԼ˵ġ
Сºƿû۵ĺˣ˵˵˵ɶɣ
һԼ˵ȫֵԸðЩ˼
ֱ壬񣬵û˵ղŷ¡
ڲ⣬ûҪó˵죬ʱһЩʦ
ĳѧвõӡ
ת˵һЩΧƽѧ£ôѧѧϰѧϰȤ
ﰵ¾ģһȻҪ֪Լ
ƪһҪ
ѧʱ򣬰ȥһ㣬Ϸѧʱ
һҪġ
ðû뵽ǣϷѧʱ㾹ȻһûдǺҪ콻
ʦƤЦһɵģͨһ£ֲǲõȫҵûҪ׷ôɣ
֣
Ǻǣ֪㲻ʵд
ã͸ȫû£֮ͻٰˣƪġ
һûԼд
Ǹͷּ䣬Ҳд

Цݲãû˼̬ȼõĵͷӦ
ʣһֽϡˢˢˢд¼֣Ȼݸ㡣
ҳǩ֣ľͲдˡ
㣺
ֽдţԼ˵ĻдԼܽĵ¡
Ǹ״ɣһǸ״Լ״ֽ
ĺڡ
ʦˣģҴˣĴˡ
ԺҲҺ˵˵ˣԭһذɣ
ˣﰵԼļǣҪɣ
ޱ飬һҪݵģʵڷĿڻ
ʦ޶ԣ̾˫Ͷ״ٸҴλɣҾԾԲٷˡ
һϿңĵ˵´ΣδҼҳҲС
ðһüˣҲ̫Ϊðд汣֤Ҳȷʵġ
ĿĲҼҳϣ֪²̸
ҲҪиӵ̬ȡ
ҪΪʲô£ɻأԽˣƢԡ
֤飿ΪЦŰ־Сú壬ʹ˵Уھд
ﰵ͵֣дܶ࣬Ѿǳ
ֻﻹЩѻ𣺿Ҫʵһʱˣ


98 
塣
Ͽˣٳѧ׷ӿҡ
תۼ
塣
Ͽ, ٳѧ׷ӿҡ
תۼֵѧУš
վڰ칫ſڣһյ, Ȼһ˰ࡣ
ûп, ȥԼЩѧ, ûеƤ
Ųᣬ·༶ע⣬õѧ
˰࣬վڽſһ࣬￴
ɨһȦѧһĿǰֱģ
Щο
Դǰ, ѵ, ðＸĴͷ
Ҳ
ڰѧϰΧܺ, ϿûС, ϰҲû˽Ц
ѧѧϰ
ˣȴǲ֪뿪, ѧ
ͻȻһжѹƵġ
Ȼû˽ҿãûղǹһ澢ɵοʦΡ

ֻص칫Ҹ£º˵ղżˡ
զˣʣʲô𣿡
֪ͨȥᡣºֹ, 뻹˵κϰ¡
Ĵ칫ھԼͰ֣ǰ㡣
ѹ԰˵ǮͦҪʮԪ˽һף֪Щѧܲ򡣡
Ŷ˼, ͷ۸ȷʵЩҳ޷ܡ
ѧУΪ߽ѧ, ѧѧ, һֱ취
ǰЩ˵ҵһκϰ⣬Եҵ滹Сڲϰ⡣
ѧÿֻ鱾һ⣬ʦʾ֭һЩϰ⣬ȻҪࡣ
ҲһЩ⣬Ҫϰ۸⡣
ЩѧǷܽܡ
ͥһ㣬еļѧĺҲ٣ܲóԸóǮ
Ҫҳ
ڼ۸ֻһ档ºƵһ⼱ҪЩһ£ܾЩϰĹ
ɻ󣬿ųºʣʲô˼
ϰֻһ֡ºЩᣬεЦ˵ֻжٶףǳһ˸İٶѧأ
֣
۵ⶼʲôѽ
һûһͷ۵£ʵЩ
ඩһЩǲܵˡ˼Ƭ̣Щص˵ƾѧԸӦúýһЩ
ԭѧУǵ£һѧҳӦòṺϰ⣬һͿܶѧжˡ
ҪپͿ˳
ֻðû뵽ǣڻҼʦһţõķҪԼѧÿһס

¥СңΧһһȦˡ
һΣ鳤ȫ
ڳĩβ
˵˵ɡһ࣬Щϰô֣һҪ٣
ǸˣûЦȽ̵λ
ȫͬѧҪһɫʲõȿ˵˵ѧϰɼһĿãܿصеѧ˵һռ
κãǶѧһҲ¡
Σҵİ༶ҲǣȫͬѧҪһײ١
İࡢΣҲ׷׿Ҫϰ⣬ѰֿĿɿڴ
ЩϰжףѵЩʦû
Ҫʲô
ࡢ߰ΣҲѧУϽʦ˻࿴һۡ
ûв롣
֪ű˶Ҫˣûˣڼֱ˷ʱ䡣
ǾԼѧûоǾǿҪˣҲ޼¡
ĿڰϣȴǶߡ˰༸˵ģʣµλʦô˵
߰ҡͷʾԼû仰û˵
ǰȴǲ£üͷ΢һʣǿѧԸǿƶϰ𣿡
Ҫѧͳһپɣ
ָ˵꣬ͿʦĿˢˢĿ
ֳһ£ЩĿʣѵ𣿡
ȻԡһϽʦԼϵ۾ĿϬ˵ԴȻҪбɼõѧܿϸеѧѧУҪ֧֡
һȻһͬĿŰ֣ʦΪ˵Ĳ𣿡
֣
Բʲôϵ
֪ʱ磬˵ڲԣϽʦóɼ
ΡֿΣٴ˵ǿѧԸɣͳٿô䣿
һϰѧ٣ͲΪˡ
ǰ࣬ѧͬϰᣬֻҪȫҪ
ԼôҲҪ
˰ѧϰĲ٣ЩͥѵѧʮǶʮס
Ӧûɣ
ֲȷǲڲȷ£ͷЩϰᡣ
ҪΪЩ̿Ͻѧ
Ƕࡣ΢΢һЦŰ˵ѾͳˣȫҪ
ʮнʦŴͷŷ͹
ʶգգۣоЩ۾˵
һࡢİΣ̿˵ҲͳˣȫͬѧҪ
İࡢҲ˵ͳͬѧҪ
߰İΣ
ζӣƾŶ꾭飬֪
һѧɼʤ
ȡֳֻܱĬһͬĿŰ֡
һ֪༶֮оҲˡ
֪ҪЩϰᣬЩʦҪߣкܶѧ
û
˰Ҫʮסûȥ磬ǿż˵ϣѧУҪÿһѧȻнѧУǾҪһͬʡ
˵ѧУˣʲôΪʦֻ˵һƽҪÿ༶һЩϰᡣ
ȫ༶¢ϡ
˵꣬˿Σľ
Σ
ЩΪѣÿ˵Ķеǡ
ҲΪӦԴЩѧϰɼõѧ
Ρһοٳٲ˵ɫЩѿ˵ҪһѧûϰᣬҲˣѧУⰲ˰ɡ
ԡεͷҲ˵Ҳ̴ְҶԲЩѧ
Σ
֪
֣
ƣ
һֱû˵ļ鳤ʱ˵ˣһֱΪӦýԴб
֧һͶİΡ
ðɡ˵ϰᰴɼ䣬ַǰѧ
˵һôˣɢᡣ
½뿪ûЩãȻ
Ļ鿪ʲôã
ε̾Ϣ߸
Ϊ󻷾ˣܽʲô⡣
ΪץѧϰץĽѧУкܶഫԣе˰ָ
һʦȻѧѧϰӢһЩĿ⡣
֪ܻЩοʦ
ΪѧǼˣֻΪ˶ྡһġ

ôˣºƿƲֵĻʵ鲻˳
˳ˡЦЦε˵һ仰ͽˡ
ºƣ
ôо⻰Թأ
ôģºʣ༶ֵ٣
һûСʼ磬һ̯˵Ǹѧѹˡ
Ц棬񵭵˿ϲá
ºƣ
ĬˣѾµֵ˼һԴб⡣
ºֻεһ̾Ҳû취¡
ֵͷû˵״ˡ
ôΪ
ˡգϵֱͷżˣҵȥ㶫ȥ
Ǹƽˣһ΢С¡
ǹԼƽɣ


99 
ʮµѾˣڵ·ϡ
һӰгǰС

ʮµ, Ѿˣڵ·ϡ
һӰгǰС
ֽɫҸ, гϴŴС
Ķ
¾㲻, , ȥϻǸϼ
ҪߺԶ·
ǰÿλشӣһ裬ûԼһˡ
ǰӣĿǰҪǰû˹
ڴ֡
塣
һгһϲæҲ˼³塣
ͻԼİš
ôˣĻϲ, Ҷû㡣
ԶԶ, аȫ,, ֻһ¡
͵żгǰ, ͣгһѱס֡
ż˵ʱҾͰ壬㿴Ҳ
šָ˵صͷͷڻ໳ЦһҾˡ
·Զ, Χûһ˼ңʵɫ
ԼԼܿǰһСط
΢ԶһЩ룬ֵͲҲ̫
԰Ҳû
ֻǰ, ܻ, Ҳһֱߵҡ
𣿡ͷ, Ѱִӻڳˡ
ҡָ˵һ֣Ѿϣ󼸸ȫûڵĻᡣ
һ೤ҵǽߴֿ̾ĵ§סӡ
Ҳ㡣ûǻش𣬻صĵͷ룬Ż
šЦ§˵Ҳǡ
ӵ˵˺һгȥֱſڵʱ
ֻһ˷ܡ
ڵˡֻЦܽһˡ
ְ֡޶Ѹٵվ˫ֵұҡ
㡣ſ˫ۣףûְ֣
롣޶СЦüۣͦСظ˵ְҲҡ
ţ㡣ůЦŵ㱦޶СӣǱ޶Ǵ
Էɡƽѷ˶ָһˡ
ǶˡЦǳ𣿡
ˡ죬԰գգ˵ʣûˡ
ֵȻ֪һϵЦԽá
ȥϴ֣Ͽ£ǰ͵ݹһ뷹
ࣺ´λʱȳԵ㶫ӣظϡ
֪ˡֿŻ࣬Ц䣬ʱżһҲö
ǵˣ࣬Ÿо˼
һ߳Էһ߲ͻ˵Ļ
Ҫͻ˵
ʱƽǣѾѧϰֻб޶ߡ
һ㲻йԼ顣
ɣĿŰ֣˵ÿһ仰
ǲǸһЩӦ
˵˵ţͻȻһĶͷһյ˵ѽô˵ϻ
ûĻ࣬Щ۲ۣжٻûиɡ
ûеһɡ
ˮˣʣ˸˰ɣһɡ
ӻӸ첲ɾһ죬ȡꡣ
ࣺ
ЩЩܵȣʱ˳ָˡ
˵һھͻһ죬úϢɡ
ǰӦðַġ
ˡ˵ֵĲ࣬˳Ҳˡ
Ű֣һ˵źһɣˡ
üŵЦ⣬ֻǰˡ
ջľ硣
Ҳûٻ
ȫˣһ㶣漴ŵʣһ㶼ûʣ
ģ𣿡
ӦûУϾײջҪ硣
ûС˵ûʱҪ¸ס
ֶӣЦ⣺ʱϰˣӦҲϲϰæ
֣
߷ߵİһڷʹؾ׽ǷйвƵġ
㣣һͻֵһҡ
ȴǼﲻʲôæ
˵ӣǻڲٳַ֣ԼһûС
ҡЩɥɵʻࣺĤҲˣ
ࣺ
εؿ۰֣ǵ˼ָơ
˵⼸¶ȵͣǰϱĤЩŲȥ
еΣҲе¶һҪƿغá
Ķؾǲ֣ջҲӰ죬һû뿴
ͬˡ
ˡصͷû̫ӦֵҲ㡣
Լ֪ǽֵأԼһ֪⡣
еѧϰ
࣬ش򽻵оԵķȨ
һš˵ִǮҲܸһɡ
ڿͦãϧԼʱ⡣
ÿϰ࣬ôʱڼҪԼɡ
Ҹ鷳ˡЩ𣬿Ͱ͵˵èϢһ졣
һ굽ͷͶϢһ£ڱˡ
Ҫһֱͣæµ
Ҫֵġν˵ֶٶһ
ƾһ仰˵붬Կˣͻ취֡
ֻǶһ㡣
ڻ˵ʲô£޷Ƕ
ڰִʱûзԣȫƾԼ
žǡ
οͻȻһЦʢ˵ÿ¶Ǯڣ½ңӦõ𣿡
֣
ֹס⻰˵ģðַǳġ
֪ô¡
ֻǿĲѣߴŭصۻֵ࣬˵ʲôأ
û˵ЦٶָһϣѼȫá
ʱ㲻Ҫô죿
ô᣿⻰˵Ḭֲ̇˵ʲôҲɣҲ᲻Ҫ㡣
棬࣬˵ʲôҪһ
ڣҾˡ
ڵӣ÷ǳģаˡ˺ͺӡ
ǰû¡
̫̫࣬־ر֪ʲô
˼룬һ㲻ҪðЩ
šЦˣסֵ֣Ҳǣˡ
֣̾ʲôֻҪߣҾˣ

ҹžӰþòͣЪ
΢΢Ϣһ붯̫顣
ЩԲ
ûоܾҲҪģȻƣ
ȴ㡣
Щ˼ǣںҹȾУƽϢʧ١
˾˯§ˣˡ
šֲڻ໳˲䣬ʵҷ֣Ҿһ㡣
˵ıүүΪͷΣǸûϵĸס
ʹһֱ˳˳û̫Ĳۡ
ģḧĺ󱳣ƶ˵з£
ֳĬ˵Լϵ¡
ǲؼ
˵ɡ˽֣ʡõ㡣
ַɹһʱûסԼ죬չԸൣġ
ѧУ¡
Щúܼ򵥡Σƫƫĸӣôܱ
Ƭֵ̣νĹƽ񲻰ˡ
˲Ϊ𡣡Ц˵ûᾭ飬֪ЩϴȻȴ
˼ǶԼ
֣
ûЩƫ
Ǻ˶ࡣ˵Ҿ˵ĽԴбҲеǡ
취ԷϾ¹ôѧ
ֻûԸġ
Ȼ̵֧㡣
ͷһ°֣ʲôҶ֧֡
֪⣬ֻǵСԸʱѡá
ºͺ˵ʵЩСƢڲžǿִš
ֻǰ̫С
ȱȫУЩԥֻҪԼ
־ͻᶷ־Ŭȥÿ£ٲ䡣
ֻϲ§ס֪ˡ
ҲԼѧ
¸ȱ㣬һֲѧϰҲ׾ͷǡ
ģֻһֱл֧֡
֧


100 
һճϰලѧѧϰӢ
ⲻϿ

һ, ճϰලѧѧϰӢ
ⲻϿ
Ӣƫص㣬ռҪλ, ЩսӴѧ
ôҾӦ
ֻǸϰ֮, ûһ, ת뿪
վڽ̨ϣĿһһЩ꣬һ΢ЦĿǡ
˵һ¡üºͣЦӯӯ˵֪ѧУһϰ°ɣ
֪
Ȼ֪ˡ
ʦ˵ʲô
Ȼ̬ȲϡϡҲм˻Ӧܲʦ²̨
µѧռ
ֺЦôһ㾫ûаǸշѽ
żʮѧ, תǧ, ʵʵ˵
ϰޡֹ۲ɫ, һź˵мû, ǰ˰ҲС
ֻЩѧ
еȱȱеĿ¶ʧ, е²ؼ
ûоû¡һסֵ߲˵ǻҪء
ǰ嫽Ҳ˵ôϰ, ðѽ
е˵۸ûиãҲ
˵˰࣬һ༶, ûҲ
զࣺⶼ˵ʲô, ԼͰԼˡ
ѧϰáü, һ˵Ŭѧ
ڸϳһȫüûҪôɥ
˭ԷֻԼܷԼǶԼĲ
˵˼䣬ҪȰ⣬ôһһЩ
ʦ֣ڳ̬ȣܸϰ𣿡
ûϰᡣҲʲôѧϰȲ˵
վ½ָ̨ͽҪϰ᣿
ʣҪϰǻܺúϰ᣿
һҭƿߣͬվĽʹɫ
ʾȼ
СһͦЦ۾ֺϡ
¶һĨš
ɫʾ⿴ô֣Ƶġ
˵
ʦ°ͣ˵ҪϰᣬһģҲúȫϰϵĿ
Ű֣ﻮһĨǽаһʣʦ𣿡
㷴ӦĲˣüЦ˵ʦҪϰᣬǴһ򣬻úѧϰ
㡢һļͷʱںʾǶ
ҲҪϴĸúѧϰ
ǣЦбһۣ˵ģѽ
㱻ôһʶһ²ӣϴα֡
εĵĻ档
аѱڰҼа壬ǻ֡
ֱֻܰǴ֡
ǿ档
ûǻᣬֱӿ˵ѧУûУǾԼӡ
Щѧ˵Լ뷨ǴһŬϰӡ
ӽӡѧſʱӡˢ
ȻЩǦӡϰᣬӡ۸ˣֻһЩֽīǮ
ȡѧһס
ϰĿȫ档˵ϣϧᣬÿ˶Ҫһס
ѵԼӡ˶ǮɱǾö١
⻰һ䣬㡢ɵˣŵĿŰ֡
ʦԼӡ
ʦӡ𣿡
ͽ嫼ͬʱڣˣǰɣǰæ
֣
ЩԼˣ˵ģ
ǰæôˣֵǻҪǮ𣿡
Ҳ룬ԼʡǮ
ԼҲ׳أ
ôϰᣬͿ̾͹æʱԼӡ
Ҷôˣ
ΪѧϰֱϾǸĸûҪѪĸ
ҲҪʲôر
ͽһˣֻһʱ鼱ſ˵
֣Ǹղſǵȫͬѧǰ֤ˣںҲˡ
͵ЦǲԹԺ˵䣬ȫϵ˰ɡ
ˡֲǣȫͬѧ˵ôˡ
֪еͬѧҾãԼӡϰżǮΪѿŬѧϰȡý
ĩҪпԣŵпԳɼѧϰȡ
⻰ʱһƬҾȵĿŰ֣۲ŵģ
һЦѧʱ˵ˣǳɼøðϰάǡ
֪ԼѧɼҲû̫ڶ̶һʱ䡣
Щѧ߶١
ֻҪÿƷﵽʮ֣ͿȡһϰᣬһǮû
ҪǸƽﵽʮ֣һϰᣬҲʡǮ
˵ֻ꣬и𼸸ѧ¶ϲһԾԾԵģ
һ޿
Цֺ֪ԼɼʲôˣﲻҪ
ôˣεʣҪ𣿡
ǻѽ
ѡһ䣬ͬĻش̫ˡ
еѧԹʦֲǲ֪ǳɼʲô
ǣǽΪǡ
ʦֿʼNɪ˵Ҫ뽱ǣͱ÷Ϊѽ
ѧЦ˵۳ɼҪô
㡢Ǽͷһһɨһ飬ЦЦ˵ǿǶҪϰģһ١
ǲҺһԹ飬Ǳ
ӴϾܿǼ
Ҫв뻨Ǯϰͬѧ˵Ե칫ңҿӡȡһס
ЩͥʵѵѧһõϰĻᣬûƶ⡣
֪ôӡ

˵Լӡϰ᣿
һΣһüͷɲǼС¡
һޣʦҲأҲѧУΪʲôû֯ʦ
Լӡϰԭ
֪һ˵ǰ˰ѧÿʱ룬˶Щϰһӡ
һ΢ЦŵĶԼ˵ҲǷҪһ׶ӡֻҪϿγ̽ȼɡ
ӡһŷһţѧѧϰʱ䳤ν
ʹӡĹӡ࣬ȿγѧҲӡˡ
Ѿá
ðɡϣ¶һ˿ЦݣӡԽãֻҪʦþС
һᵢ󡣡ɿ˵˵һʱ䣬°ʱ䣬ʦгͻ
ӡҪѧУģҪ쵼㱨һ¡
ȡεͬ⡣
ʱ¼βͬ⣬ڵõŵ
ָ˵ĵлξϹлл֧֣Ҵ˰ȫͬѧʾл
̾ϢѧУҲԼӡֻǡЩʦһͬ⡣
Щ˵ͣһ˵ѧأмͥҪˣҶס
ǡֵͷ˵Ҳûʦ鷳һЩ
ÿ˶ǵͥӺˣһܺԡ
Ҳգʱ򣬲׹ͼͥʱܼˡ
ᡣ
ʱΣϵĿϲ˵һѧУӡϰᣬڼʱû˵ڡ
Ǹտʼгһʦʸо顣
οѧУô쵼ô벻Щûһǲɿܵԭ
Ҳ뵽һ㣬ŰѳڵĻ˻ȥֻԼвʡ
žԼķ֯ѧһŬ
иɾЦˣ͵˵ʲôȥѧУᾡ֧֡
Ѿ˵ѧУ취Ž
뿪һû᲻ʣҲ̻̲
ѧУʦ˾ٲ
ΰ칫ңȭͷ͵ͻһּͣ


101 
ȥֵżٵʱ򣬰ִȦ
վڽ

ȥ, ֵżٵʱ򣬰ִȦ
վڽ
Ұѷȥϰһõҳźãǧһš
Цݲ, ۽˵ʦһŬĳɹ, ǧ𹼸ࡣ
̰, ڸѧϰȣһѧϰݡ
ȫӡ˳
Ժ׷ϽȣĿӡҶԴ
ѧʵʱӡͺá
֪ˡʮѧһú⣬Щࡣ
ԴӰһδοģΪѧϰķϰ¡
˰ѧ, ԰ֲ˸м֮, ڼÿ춼ͷѧϰ
ϣиóɼֵ
ʦ೤һ˱, ʰ֣Ѿ, ÿϰĿ˽֣ҪϰǮ𣿡
á˼Ƭ, ŵϰȫӡ֮ϸһˣ׼ȷлա
˵һǮҲܲһĿ
ֻǸīֽŻǮ, ƽ̯ʮϰᣬбȻ
ҡ
ʮѧҪæͿ̣ϣܻһǮ
һϰᡣ
ָû, ѵĳŵ, òôˡ
Ҳʮѧ°æˡ
ȲýǮ˵ȵ, ӡˣʱǮ
ҲЩѧͼѹ㹻ʱǮھȲ
һѧڵʱӦ㹻ˡ
Ŷ
ȫѧ˫ĿŰ֣˵ֱӡ
˺ˡ̧ѹѹЦݵ˵мº˵ҵ
ԴӡϰϢȥҲʼж׷֯ѧ롣
Լӡϰᡣ
ӡʹƵʱһȻûзìܡ
ֻþʹӡһкܶѧﲻæֻסУⲿѧ
ʮѧסУæ
Ժʮѧ˵İŻݡ
Ҫ˰ȫͬѧͬ⡣
Ǿô˵ѧЩͬѧæǰŻݣ
ͬ⡣
ͬ⡣
ͬͬ⡣
ҷ׷ױ̬˫޳ɣȫͬ⡣
ʲôͬġǷǷ˵ǰæŻҲðѲ㣬ǳǮǶõѽ
ͬľɵӡӻԾԣؾ˵ÿȥӡϰᣬŪֺֻںģϴϴ
˰æˣ嫺޲ð˫Ҳ
ʾԼͬ
ǾôˡֿһȦЩѧͷͬ⣬ѧɣץȥ·עⰲȫ
ͽǣ΢΢¶һЦݡ
СһȻƤûʲô¡
֪ͬѧ
־ãĸ˶һ棬ѧϰûԳɼһˡ

ȺĿϣڵθڳĺá
һڣΪ˸Ͻȣ̰ڵĿӡϰᡣ
Բ˯á
ڷżٻؼң˶ڵķˡ
ڵĳԸͣ
ԡһô̵еû˸
ֻ״̬ãһ԰ƣģرĺȦ
һʱжæµ
šַٶȣЦе˵ؼҾǺá
ʲôڵķˣĹ
ҲԵ㡣ָвˣ۵˵һȦ϶ûˡ
˵ſӲͣϸвˣļƬⶼ˻ࡣ
ԡֶˣһҲʣ
ּһ㣬԰Ѵãڻ
ԣԡ
ۼҾۡ۾Ż࣬ʾԼԣò㡣
ʱûжٲ˳ԣҼҶǰײˡܲиƵ̲ˡ
ǻҲͬÿΰַżٻؼң⵰ЩƽʱöԵˡ
඼ֻԡ
֪ˡЦˣӿů⣬ҰЩˡ
˵Ҳԣ˶ء
һ㣬ֳһӴа⣬ըһСΡ
Ϊðֶһ㡣
šִӦһҪԷͣʣ¶æ𣿡
ǲǿЪЪˣ
æˡͷһ˵ûʲôˡ
ҲæˡЦԺࡣ
֪һ¿һġ
ðָоҸͬʱЩΡ
һȥ￴ɡ˵þûȥˣҲ֪ʲô
ͦá˵ǿ߲ˣȿֵҪá
ֻŰϲԣһ£û뵽һֳĲá
̱ˣ֪̫䣬ӦЩ߲ˡ
һﻹܶ֡
Ǿͺáָˣϲ˵ֵأм֣Ҳ׷ϡ
ⲻǹάһЩϻܶ඼̫ס
ǻ˵һ
ֲ֪ѧʴأɲǸǸ
Ϳֳָ߲ˡ

ڶ죬ȥͷֵ߲ˡ
ֻû뵽ǣǶ̶һʱ䣬ΧЩֳ˲ٴ
⣿ָЩɻʻࣺôôࣿ
һеĽһеǸξ
Ǿʮ
Ӳһٶ໧˼ңҼҲ˵ƶҲӦôֱʡ
Ǯ¡һȻν˵취Ǯѵǻܴϵ
ǡͻȻ飬Ҫֲô죿
ҪֲｹЩ˵ճɲ룬ҪǮ
ɲǵģǮȸһש߷󣬻кڵͶ롣
ˮýЩҪǮ
㲻˺ܶϻͷº͵˵ũĹϵ
ʱ̣ǱҪʱ򣬰
ָеס
װ룬´ӵ˸Ǯǡ
ҪǮûзյģһ
ǮҲ
ġలҶϸоЩϣľ
ǮҲû̫ϵ
Ʋ죬˻һۣԹ˵㲻ô˵һûôġ
Ҳ֪Ҹ棬Ǹˡ
ͻҲϣҸһǮ
ǰû뵽Щ˵̫󣬾Ȼôˡ
ô
һҸ绰룬˵˵˵ûرҪעĵط
Сͷһ˵ũûжָҪлӭ
ƹֲֻǻûռи
Ҫǰ߹ϵͨͲõļ⣬ԷĴ󵨵ˡ
ѽ۾һ˵˵˵ҪֵĶ࣬ɼԱָ
ںС¥ʶžũԱ
ڵй
Ϊָĸԭž԰зǸ⣬ͬʱҲܿˡ
ڹеʱ֮ЩûĴֲϡ
žġ
Ҳô󵨣ͶôǮڴϣȫΪѧֹһΡ
ž֧֡
ʮЦһҪæɸԱ
꣬ҲߵԼտ߽һ
ӭ۱̡
ʮѮľݻƣ֦Ҷ価
Ŀ֮ĿãһƬưܵģ
⴦ӡ
治ֶĲ࣬Ǻûܿϲ˵ֵĲ
ָŻƹЦѾЩͿԴˡ
šͷ漴üҪԣҪ£ܵõȵˡ
֣
ô
ǻԼÿԼ˵ʲô
취Լõ㡣
û˵ԡֵԩҡ
Ҳ֪˭Ŀ¶䣬ǽŻƹϺӣ۾գֱˮָʱ򣬿ԺֵĻƹϡӣֲ˼˵
ֻÿ͵͵ˮ
ǻ෢ˣԲÿֲŸżժһ㡣
ˣҲˣɴսס첲Цݲõ˵ãʲôøҳԡ
ֶԵ˳ԣֿԵˮ
һǲ׸ȥ
ŸﺢӴп˵ʱժһ㣬Ͼʱ̫١
ִ
ÿֵ߲Ҳ࣬ʱҪҰˣһ˶սӡ
ܰӹȥ
ӡƹ϶ˡ˵Ƕ죬ҲԸ
ӡ²˺۲ˣҲǰϲԵģಢΪǮ
ȫǹŰ֡
šȸԾЦüۣһںԺ˲СˣǽܳԵء
ˡˡˡһЩСˣҲһЩȻһ㡣
Ҳżζˡ
áڴ˼ɵ§סಱӣϣԺ춼ÿ쿪ûһ㷳ա
ѧУЩѧѾ㶨лٳ֡
һĲٷѡ
ֻպģһһ֤ɹҸ
һᡣסͷֶţЦһҵгɡͥҸףԸ㡣
ҲһŬȡմﵽĿ꣬ҹһӡ
л˵
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ


102 
żˡ
տ, ѧǸ˷ˣġ໡С
ֿǣҲһЦ, ΪǸˡ
ʱ, Ϊ˲ϰϵϰ, ѧͷ
ֶ
ǼͷҲͣ٣ѵþѧϰ
ֿǳˣ֪ȻС
Ҳ֪ô
˺ˡֵǷйһļôҰǰѧ, ǶץؼҰɡ
ʱ, ȥúϢ, Ҳ
ѧϰ
˰ˣ
ǰʦ
䲻ѧϰ, Ƕ䶼ҪˣƵġ
ǡ
֪ˡ˰ѧ, ˵ѧϰġ
ˡֺЦӻ˵߰ɣһ˵ѧϰһ޾ɵӡ
ʦѧ˵ɱ˽ѽ
ǰκܶҶᡣ
ԶԶ, οĶϰĿ
һ˵οԣѧ¶ϲɫоõҪ
û⡣һ㲻ģһΪˬ˵ֻҪɼ, ﵽҪȫ, һҲ¡
һ󻶺, ԼƵģ԰Ĵָ
ʦǾ͵ˡ
ȰɡֵͷǽԼһЦӯӯ˵ҲϣǶܿóɼ
սȭͷһ˵һҲ£ÿ˶õ
˵꣬ʱһѧЩƿߡ
ֽһûʲôᵽؼĳɼ⣬Լ֪ԼＸ
ǲܴﵽҪ
߰߰ɡֿĻ᲻֪ʲô˼Ц˵ˣ˵ʲôˣȥɡ
ѧߣֱֿĵһ㡣
Ȼ컹Ҫ࿼ԾӣǾŽǰѧ
ؼһˡ
ǰ죬ũԱҲ֪ڴôˣ
ȥ绰Щ˵ܵ¡
¹ʮͶôǮͻࡣ
˵ʲôҲôǮ

ӻˣ
ֻصңҲڣ˵ʣǿԷżˣż죿
롣ЦЦ˵˴ӣղŻ˵ȥѧУء
û뵽˻ˡ
һԷż١ַﶫЦҿʱ磬ٸϻȥ
´£ڿ߰⣬Ķһ
̽ͷݿڿӡ
ôȥӣʣԼһʲô˼
̫ࡣЦЦҲԸȥ֡
˵Żһ㶣漴Цӻ˵һȥԼȻˡ
ָ߽һż٣ʱ䣬Ż
Ϊʱû绰˵¡
ǲǵǼԱ£˽˼߰˵ģֵĲ
Ա˵ˣϵķ֣⡣
Ȱ˵ʲôֵԱˣ˵Ҫٴ绰ϵ
ǾͺáַˣЦҾ´ͶôǮôҲܴˮƯ
Ȼʲôзգ־ûСĽһЩãѷս͡
ҲϣҶǮ
Ҳڱ˴ʱҲ˵ˡ
ܶ˶ΪƶŻиָС˼ҪǴҶԣˡ
˼˻ࡣ
ϣҶǮָпӺù˴˹ϵҲܸദһ㡣
졣֮Աǣһм˵⣬ǵСǹ
ǰǺ»ʲôãѵʲôˣ
֣
⻰̫ˡ
ĵ۾յĿŻֳ֪࣬ʲô裿
ͻȻѵ
ëǲֵ겻˻һţȻô˵ҡ
ۡһΣҲüб۾֣Ͳõģ쵣Ǹġ
㲻ۣԸģҶĻš
֣
֪Լ
ǲˣµĻţҲĻ֡
㷳ͷȥ˵ʲô¶ģǵùҹһ㳤ԶĿⶼûС
˼ǣһ˵Ŀ£
͵վӸµĿڿϵİ֣һҪ˵ģ
ղŵĻ˵һ飿˵Ҳģָ£
û֣Ƕǲǣ
֣
ƣŭˣҪ
ʲôֻˣӿһµָŻʣҪ𣿡
ĺۣɫǺؿŻ࣬漴ڵ˹ȥ
ϴ˼¡
ˣ㻹Ҷ֡
ָǲǣ
ࣺ
ĺҰɣ
˵죬ָҴܣҲò㡣
ңΪҲỹ𣿡
˵Ҫ֣Իץӣһƴ׵ļơ
ץס˫֣á
ܵġЦãһҴܣù𣿡
һ˵ţһ߰Ѱ§һŰֺ󱳡
˳ë³ˣ
֣
ʲô˼
̾°ͷԼƵ̫ˡ
ʲôãһԼϡ
ѹ
翴ûаȫУн
ҪϽһǻѪ־׵ͷ䡣
类ѹֱ
һжپͳȰ˵˲ôࡣֲǾȿѵαִžǿǿԼҪá
ǾƽˣûҪ̫࣬Щܼ¼ɡ
Ǯ£ѧУĹ
ֶˣҪΣҲƵƵҪ֡
ִ£Ǹѡʲôϵ
࿴̫ۡ
뿪һ£˳ټŭ֣ܷйһ¡
ҪԼƵ̫
𣿡ͷһ°֣Ƣûһ㣿
֣
ͷڻ໳ĲҼˣ֪ԼЩˡ
ŻమԼǰη壬ԵΪΪ
ȴû뵽ȫΪԼ롣
šֳĬƬ̣Ų˼˵ˣоɡ
һ£е࣬Ҳûֳĸо
Ǿͺá§ЦԺٸоƣʹҼ·йһ£Լ̫ۡ
۵ĸоҪƣҪǧٱ
಻ϣͳ̫ѹ
㲻۰뵽ʲôæ̧ͷ࣬ûд
ŻҪ飬ȴ൲סǵ㾢ࡣ
ôܡ
֣
յɫľһԼ֡
ղŴǼ£ӲĿۣʯͷƵġ
Nɪɶбһۣһת¶һЦݣ´ңҾö㡣
һ°ͣ˵㻹˵
۽ͻȻܶˣһգ˫۲ԡ
ɻĿųƽʣɶʱģ
һãȻǵøղֻжӣûƽѽ
ȵȡ
ӣ͵תͷͿӱͻࡣ
ſңſͷ⣬·ղŵΪ
û
ϱ죬һͷ໳ѽզҡ
һͳ嶯ĶԻද֣˶ӡ
˼ֵܶˡ
ָоԼû̧ͷղǸӢµģ
粻֪
ˡƲƲ˵ָ磬ٶҲܿ
ǺҸܣʲô˼ģ
֣
Ǵ
࣬һ˿ôİá
ԼһûУ
Ǿƽһ侲˵ʲô¡
Ȼûʲô£Ǿ͹ȥˡ
һ䣬Ҳվµ˵ˡ
֣
뿪̧ͷӲӿһۣﲻЦ
ûЦԼ
ֻһͷһ˫۾һĿ
޶֣ЦϿ
ְ֡޶۾һ⡹ܹȥڸɶ
һû٣ֻһЩĻ
Σ˼˵ԼƢղŶִࡣ
ֻܸЦ˵ɶʱģ
չ˵ûӢη
ȥֵһۣ˵ȥĻ˵ʲôôСأ
˵ֱ׳˫ۺЦĿŻ࣬Լǳģôˣ
㡣Цãǵ͵ĵ˱˻ԣҵĴ
ھ͸ȥ
û߳ſڣֶԱ޶˵ְָղأûʲô¡
ࣺ˾ͺá
ֿŻ౳Ӱһᣬͬʱǳˡ
ʶ¶һЦݡ
Ⱳ࣬ʱ̰ˣ˵¡
ĸлˡ
˵ĻҲϣüԼ侲
ϸ˼Щ
һ㱦޶һ߷ʡԼҼд
ʱȥüͷչȻһС
ǺЦ⣺ԺУûΪԼġ
ҪԼЩѧһЩ
οԣɼûжߣҲָ
ܹ̫ܵϸʩѹ


103 
ʦ
ſż, ̽ԴŰ֣ҪԾ𣿡
Щ죬һִٵģ,ͬѧǶڵʦ
, ЦĿ,ôˣտѧ͵ȲҪ֪ɼ
ָŰ칫ϵһЩЩǦʺƤʼǱȥɡ
ЦϾ͹ȥ
۾һüЦ˵ʦѽ
Ŷһ̵ܳ칫ңϲģ
ð̲סЦ
ǰο治ºƿЦ,һЩп˵塣
ҡҡͷ, һŵģ,̫, һ
һü°Щ˵ⶼŬĽ
û޶, ֻҪŬѧϰɼʹܰμ⡣
иĳɼ
ҲûжϿ˵ͷãƽʱලһЩ
ºľһԲŵģ, 촽˶û˵
֣
ɻ󣬿ųºģ𲻺õĸо
զˣʣ˵ʲô
ʱȷʵæº±ϵ۾ЦЦ˵ͬѧʲô, Ӧò֪ɣ
֣
ʲôŰɣ
ɶְ, ޱʣǸ𣿡
С, ˻ʵǸš
Ҫ˵˵ȥ
ۣºЦֻ˵׺ꡣ
֣
ɫԻԼ°ͣЩЦá
˵Цˣεҡͷ˵ͦ
Խܡ
ɶºһȣָŰʣ㲻
ɶѽֲΪ⣬Цʱ䣬Ҳˡ
ҪɧǾ˵ȥɡ
ǳȣֻҪúѧϰЩҶ⡣
˰ѧΪʲôô˵Ƶġ
ÿֻҪʱ䣬ͽǰźŵİſ͵͵
Ҫ֪Щѧûѧϰ
ѧץΣƤֱӳϣڸǹĳ֡
ȥץЩŵѧ
ѹС̾ϢְղǸȣֻһ͸м䡣
˵ͻȻסЩ飬ųºεЦЦ
ֲ߱ˣԼڰ˰Եףи紵ݶͻ֪
ɡĳɼѧϰɼˡ
Ǿгɹ
Ҵ뿪칫ңԼ˵ȥ©Լĵס
սΰʱûףû㹻
ΪԼһࡣ
ǰѳƽǣҸӵѧûڳһ˰ġ
ҵ
ѡѡ˱뺷ĺ󻢣ѵֶӡ
ίԱԼԵס
Ҳ˵ȥӰͬѧ֮ϵú󻢴Ϊѡ

ʲô
ָյ˰฽Ӱ༶
ųɼվڽ̨ϣһε
ְ岻סЦһզôˣ
Ҫ˵ϼ䣬Щѧſ̰ͣ
һ۰Ͱ͵Ŀ
ʦ೤֣ЩʣЩǲǽѽ
ղž⡣
ʦ̲סҲ˵ǽϰզֻˣ
ûЦǰĳŵ䡣
ܶѧۿɿһµؿڣʦҪˣ
˭ǲʦһ˵ҪҲҪǵĳɼ
˵̲סЦˣһüɫģ
οĲָˣɼǰ˰ɼ塣
໡
顣
ȫͬѧеļӣ˰
һѽ
ĺܿ졣Цͬѧˡ
ࡣ˰ѧһСͨ죬ʦˡ
ƨʦ๧άһÿ϶ŲõЦݡ
ǰͬѧ̧ѹѹôҰƽִﵽʮϡ
ֵϡ
û뵽Ŭַǳп˵ܴﵽĺóɼ
ɨһȦʼճɼ֣ÿѧķһһ
֮ѧʮѧƽڰʮϡ
ðǣȫûвѧÿƶﵽ˼ߡ
رӢɼá
Ϊƽֺ˲ʹð˰ڶ̶ʱ䡣
ǰİ༶
ŵĽ˵䡣
ִһӣ緢˵ٸһݽϣǼŬĩҲóɼ
ݶ⽱˰ÿͬѧУûһˡ
ÿѧǦʣһƤ
ۡ
ѧ˷ּСǺķ̾Ƥ
೤ֺֽѧϰίԱѽȥ
ٹ䣬ǿ̫۾ڽϡ
޷ƶ
룬Ҫ˵ĻôҸһ¡
ƤˡһѧǳϧĸССһƤ᲻򡣡
٣һѧ˵ҵƤˣ˺ü£Ҳˡ
ֿţѧϧֵС飬Щɬ
ҲЩǦõĶд֣Ҳ᲻ӵ
ƤǲãÿдˣֱͿ¡
ƶֵġ
Һúѧϰ˵ֻҪŬѧϰɼᷢ
ѲʦС
˵ֿ񣬡ѧϰƷһЩȻѼ۸㣬۰ͬѧҪͰǡ
ҶʡЩǮԶ򼸸ӡ
ΪʡӣҶд꣬ñд
ΪʡǮ
׼ʱͿǵһ㣬ǶһЩѧϰƷ
š񼤶ĵͷһȥ칫á
ظ֤ʦģһ¡
ʦ̫ˣ
ʦ㾹ȻӺͱʣ
ʦҲһɤӣ˵ҲƤˣһú㻰
ķڷ
۷⣺ʦ湻˼
Ҳûвû԰˼뵽Լĺš
صͷ
ˡֿЦãڰ˵ֻҪǺúѧϰ¾С
һ㽱ȫͬѧðַǳ⣬Щɻ
ѵνĳֶ̣

һηżٻؼңֺͻ˵¡
пû뵽ЩӾȻôú壡
һ࣬ޱ˵Ǻú壬֪˭ΪǺá
Ű񣬳ഺϢüۣ΢΢¶һĨǳЦ
˺ܶ࣬ǶһԱԲŴﵽǰЧ
֣
תǧأԼЩѧƽʱһһΪ
ֲüչЦӯӯصͷ˵ԣǶĺúӡ
ǼͷȻʱƤһЩûʲôֵ¡
Ȼϲˣʱ죬һӡ
ֲᡣ
ãСͷʱûͦ
ɵЦ
ô˵֣ЦʦڹϵǢֻҪ̶ֳȣԺɼߡ
ҲóԸԼְ𡣡
ԡֵͷһͬ˵ֻԼְ𡣡
ĿŻ࣬ҸЦݣڵǳǳ⡣
˳ͥҸ־ãԼ


104 
ʱһΣ¹ȥ˷źٵʱ
һŰһ°˺ţѧȫѧ
ʱһ, ¹ȥ˷źٵʱ
һŰһ°˺ţѧȫѧż, ɼ֪ͨ顣
ӭµĺ١
ֿŰͬѧ, Цݵ˵οĺܺ, ͬѧ꼶ǰʮ
ͬѧһ֮ڣǵûа׷ѣΪǸˡ
˵꿴ŽѧΪǵĽģҸеο
Ϊΰ༶ġ
𹼸Լһǿ֣ص˵𹼸ഺ٣껪, һŬԼһõĻ䡣
ʱûκź
ֱ̧, һ,ͬѧǼ, Ŭѧϰƴδ
͡
͡͡
˰һ󻶺, ѧ˷ܵŰֺͣȫָȾ
ԼĳɼӿһԺֻҪԼŬѧϰ
κ˲
á, Ű೤ַȥɣһѧڣؼҺúЪ졣
εĽ, ָĸ, иͬѧǵ
ÿѧ, Ǧʣһʡ
ַʱѧûͼɫʣ඼ѧ
ĩԵĽǹⷽģϣЩɰѧ
ΪҾʧЩ
ǰʮͬѧһʼǱٽ
ǰһѧһ˶˸ǦšӣǼŬ
ȵн꣬Ҳ˳뿪ѧУʱ䣬һǿ¡
Ϊиһꡣ
԰Цǰףˡ
̻ĬͬҲף֣ףʦ˳졣
һ°꣬ЩѧԼ첽᷽ߡ
ҲҪʰؼˡ

տҰããһƬѻǰʱµĻѩ
ֹһˣг·ûһˡ
ڣ󣬻ûôš
ڵ·ܿͻصңֻû뵽
Ȼûһ˻ӭ
ףֻصңûһˣȥˣ
һȦԺСӶȥˣûһˡ
Сı޶Ӱ١
гǸߣ·Ҳûһˡ
˲⣬ֻƤСӶûС
Щơ
ˣ쵽ʱ򣬰һЦˣԭѽ
źԶͿܶΧһ̽ͷ
ȴ˵ʲô
ղˣ߽гʣҪٰ
ʦһתͷİָ֣Цպܶء
١Цˣ뵽ʲôʣ˭ҵأ
ͨ·ӵ˶סֹȥ
ȻԼֵ磬ûԼҵķݣǻ
費ҪԼȥæ
ҼȥЦֵ磬һա
˵кǰˣһ£ʦˣȥ
һ˵һǰˣ˸óһ·
ЦŵлгһߣԼһ϶мȥ
ǵһιղˣҪ˵ӵˣǰֶĲС
˼£ȥһ磬ܵһǮ
Ϳġ
ࡣֻûǰͿ࣬ôղѽǹ
꣬Ϳվڻߵ־ЦŴкϰ壬ôôѽ
ʦ־һЦ˫ֱȭЦϲѽ
ͬϲͬϲЦݣҲģıȭҲףϰ¡Դ
ִ߲ʱֱԼźʱȥû뵽Ϣȥ
һЩʵˣ־Ҳţھǰ´д߲ˡ
Լˡ
Ǻ£ֺͻ꣬˵
в˶־
ǲôðϺǶŷѩȥˣһǮ
Ҳܻ㡣
ƻϲϱ仯졣־ЦǺǵ˵иѷҪҵҪһЩ˹ȥԾһȥʡûҪһˡ
ҲԡֵͷЦͬȥϰҲǮ
־Ǹӣκ˶ܴϻ˵öԣҽȥǮ
и̵꣬˲ٹϵ
ȥ
ֵ治־Ȱ˵Цȥط˲ٴеֵĲ̫ãȲЩ
ˣЦ˼ԱҲְֽˡ
һ㣬൱ֵЩ߲ˡ
Ʒ൱ء
ľǲÿĶظݼԱ˵ģֻҪֲ
Ķܴﵽǧ
־һĨЦǲܺǱȡ
пǧҪȥƴȴڼҰȾͰǮˡ
СЦЦҡҡͷ˵ֵض㻹֪
һһ־о٣ִ֤ĲףҪ뼼ԱָҪѧֲͶľʽһɵġ
ֺ־Ȼ죬ʱ๧άʱ࣬ǰΧ˶ˡ
ֱӲ˵װˣ˰ɡ
˵бһۣʲô˵ĵԺɣҪϻȥء
֣
գգۣ׻ΪʲôͻȻʶȥ
䲻䣿ס֣ս߹Թôף
䡣ͷŰֹԼϴɻһĻо䡣
̷ſ̧֣ۿ϶Ǻ
յͳ־̧첲ң˵ˣûôູ
ҪǸð˿զ
־˸һƦåƵģ٩һûأܲȹ˹Ұ
װ공𣿡ɻ󣬶־˵ǮͿˡ
־
֣һӦģٿЦϷ
εЦЦУ͸Ǯ
־˵꣬ʵĲһ䣺ģĹػ
㡣ָ̧һȭʾΧǮأϰ塣
ΧǴӵˣִ˵ЩˣǸֵˡ
һеĿ־
ŶŶŶ־֪˻ϵ˼һǶǮء
ӻ֣ΧЦףϸǮ
־ﻹʵ죺ҪǲǮ˵ôˣͻһҲҡ
塭
䣬Χ˷һЦȻ֪־ǿЦ
е˻ǣ㲻Ǯǿɲߡ

ΧЦһţ˴󺰣ϰ壬Ǯ֨һҲǸŸ˸ˡ
ҲһЦݣ־һ߸ΧЦ֣һóǮʼˡ
ˡ˰һѣڰֶߵۼǮ
֣
Щ죬ֵصɻһۣС˵Ϲ˵ʲôء
ȻĹϵڴղ֪ж١
һٲǴ֪˶֪
ֶ˼˵Щ
һ־˵յǳҵĲˣȸǮ
߹ȥ־ˣȻǮõ
Ĳٰɣ־ЦŴȤ㵱ʦĿɶˡ
һһ°ͣһ˵ԼĹǻǮ
һȥǧȥļ۸
õǧǮ
࣬кһǮ࣬ⶼǮ
ִȷʵǰ飬еһУǻึ
ŵõĳɹ
ֿģЦݲõ˵˭˵²Ǯ
ǮĴģɨһȦ˵ⲻˣĻء
ԣǮ
ǶǮ
ȥҲǮ
ŰֵĻΧ˷׷׼غǶǮ
ҶһȥҷݹڳΪҫ
һǲôˡ
ġЦÿһλǮ
ߵߣĿŻ࣬Ǹ
ֱн
һֱҪǮΪһһ棬һϣȼ־
ҪǶʲô¶Ȥ
Ҳܻһ̲ˮƵġ
ѽЦãεصֶͷ治֪ҷֵ鷳ġ
˵ǱԼֵΣȴǸԼԽԽæ
èˡ
˼˼ءٺ١һЦƱѽ
ңһһ¶䣬ͯ绰㣬ʲôʱȥء


105 
硣
Ҵҵܵƽǰ,û
һ⣬ôżʲô
һѾƽɳȥ, ȥڿֻûС
ˡƽĬĬ̾, Լɵֺǵĵܵ,ȥɡ
վڴ⣬ųϲصĽȥ۵ر˱ۡ
Ĵܼ
վһŴڵķĬĬֿ
ôվ߸ʲôԺޱĳƽȥů¡
ƽ
Ϊ˭
һһ, 춼ʮ, ˵ڻû
ܲ
˵, , ţԼ϶˼ж, ⲻ֪ڼƽʲô
硣ƽһסĿŻָ࣬𣿡
ôһüЩ˵㵣
̧³ƽԴ, Ц˵Ȼ
ǡƽֹ˵ʱˣôң
ʣһ
ԼĻ˵, ûʳڡ
ȥģһ, ƶ˵ļҡ
˲ؼҵġ
ǡƽǵ, Ǿᣬֲھ
ȫĵط
жȥҪפ㣬
ƽ°һȥѻԼ£Լġ
ʱ䣬ŰȥʱԽԽãԽǵµĲС
ѽΣ֢ڣŶˣЩʲô
İɡܵԴһǵžС
һᶪǣԼھУﲻļҡ
ȥУӲԼ⣬̽ͯ档
ֻǸյû죬־ϵϰ֣ȥм档
󣬾Ӧȥǰȥ˾С
ֻһȥҪ־㾹ȻðھУһʱа¡
־Ȼû绰
Ҫ㣬˵ڵĻһһ
ųƽǵ񣬻һΪҵģȥɡ
˳ƽһѣʾԺӣֻɾûʹϡ
࣬ҡ
ࡸȻתͷͼԶиӰϱż
ָ硣ȻжƽֻƵģ͵һ´ܳȥ
ϲغָ磬ˣ
üЦһϲĳƽֿܹĻࡣ
ˣѶ£Цӯӯ˵ѽòˡ
áƽЦӭöָ磬ʱ򡣡
Ȼˡһ⣬ƳЦҵһ򶼺ܺá
ƽ·ѩ߰졣
ֱΪǰܸϻˡ
ȴû뵽ɨͨˡ
ͺáЩĿŰ֣֪һ
šһõЦݣ۾һգգĿŻ࣬һˣȻҪġ
˶ӣղһЦܶ໰ý͡
ǻصңͶӿǾϲĺͰִк
ָˡ
ˡ
ְְ֡޶һµӿ˵ֱغұҡ
·һѱס޶˼£޶ְˣ
Ц޶Сְֿˡ
һʱ䣬ݻЦŲЦݡ
ǵˣַů
ⲻӿ
һһ۾ˮ۾޶Լ˵
ˡ࿴һƣ򷢳ƽǴű޶뿪ȥɡ
Ϣһһۣסֵ˵Բʱ
ڲʮ࣬ԲҪųԣ˯һ¡
šִ۾ЦЦڸϻˡ
Ż࣬ñۣŻ֡
Ǽá
£ǹЦ⣬ѲԼĹѡ

죬ֵһ죬ҹ˾ʱ
ƽֵжӣرʶȤĴ߱޶
ðֺͻԼشҹ
ڻ໳ʱ˵ʱ¡
ûھУʣʱûе绰Ҳż
Ļ᲻ż§΢΢̾Ϣ֪һ
ʲôʱ
ģ˽Ϊˣֻǡ
Щһֱû˯áͷһ°֣ǲʲô£û취绰
Ҫǰֻʱ绰֪·ϣһᵣĵ̲ס
ȥѰҡ
֪ѾطİΣģҲ
û취ﲻζϻգЦʱ̫û취绰
ȥ˾м־㣬֪Ѿɼң޶¡
԰־ϣԼھУȻǾܾⲻΪӵ⡣
ԼļңЯһİˣô¡
־ûжרУ˶Ҫھй꣬Ϊѡ
ǰִӦһ¡
ôѾȥˣܼһͻ
ôҲҪϼ죬ദһ£ҪǺϵĻ
Ժ߶ҲС
Ͼ־Ķֲһɸӡ
塣
ҵӡᣬϧݸֻ޸ܡ
̾ϢûиĸԵְɡ
־ϣߣԼ׶ӣÿ꺮ů˵ĲС
ðָ˵ͬʱֲ˰־ġ
޶ȴǷԣֻһֱû˵䵭Զ
԰־ҸͰ־ú̸̸
£ֻ̻Ǽƻϲϱ仯졣
־һֱæͼҸ̸̸Ļỹûʵ֣ͻȻҪ졣
ʱ򣬰־Ұ̸߰ԼͺӲӭ
ܽΪԼͥһԱ
˰һųƱ˼ٿǮֱӴ뿪
Ʊҵʱ򡣡˵뿪һСʱʱ䣬Ҫ绰ĻҲûС
ϳѺͷƵģϳֵȻ𳵿ˡ
˲뿪
ˡŭһʲô
˺ˡֹ˲ģæı
Żؿڣֵá
ߡߣѹŭ²ܾôˣһҪѻ˵
ôðֳưͿ
֪գգۣԻЦЦһ
Ѿ˵ĺǰ־޶ţҲû취
ôǶԴһϻ
ʲ
ô죿಻ţ˵˵
һ绰־㡣ЦݿɬᶨľԺٲϵˡ
ǮûҪһٻȥ
Ժһһ԰á
ð־޶ĨԼĻᣬͬʱ³׽
ȻЩźԼʼûԵԺ󲻻Ϊѡ
ҡ౧۵ڰֶߵңңǵļˡ
šֿؿڣƽ֪һֱ֪
κ˲඼ᣬŲһصˡ
һִûɹ
һȥ뿪á
ʼջصߡ
硣ͻȻ˵ȥ棬ٰϡ
׼ε¡


106 
ˣ
ˡ
Ժ, ձ˲˼£ȵϢЩ
ѡ࿴üһģ, Ц, ˡ
ָ̧ƽü, ȴɣű˱
Ҫ𣿡ͷֲգٲˡ
棿֣˯һȫˣѽ, Ҫ档
˵, ֻصҹ, ˯µ̫
ʵѾ¡
ˣǷ, ˯ʵʣ컹Ǻڵѽ
ָо˯£ͱ, Щۡ
ˡ˵æҪһ㡣
ǹڼ£ýаֻӲĳ
ߴִٰ·
šֺӦ, ڻ´·֪ˡ
۾ڻЭ£ϴʰ롣
˵Ȱϡ
Ի, ʣôҪһΡ
Ǽסǣ, ֽͣס
ɢ, ׷ɢңǸ˵ļס
ֻǳ¼һݣȻ峤ƹܼݡ
֪˲Ҳݡ
Ű֣ԺĲַװʳũĵط
ɡƿһţƹһкٶȺܿ졣
š߽ȥʱһȣ㶼׼ˣ
˵䣬ɸɾʲô档
ֻһŴ湩λаڵļƷ
ÿ궼࣬ǰȼֻǽ˸һ
ϴθϼףȻҲλΪϺء
Բûаȥ
¯Űֵ֣ڹǰ֣صߵݡ
ݾߵ֮
дʣֻ̫С˵ʲô
ʣǻϽðָеʱׯء
ʲôҲ˵Ҳʡ
ɡְѰַڸ֡
šֵͷԹԵվһԡ
ЩҲǰգվһԡ
Ȼæꡣ
ֻǰû뵽д֮󣬾ȻСӡ
ʲôѽֺ棬һСӿۡ
ˣ
һ߼СӣװĽǸʽΡ
ִһСӣװ˴ƷԼӡ
ҵۣõģ
šЦЦָС˵ǰںУڶʱĻǿźÿġ
ЩֵǮһ˵˵ⲻǷˣ
ЩЦ
ԶԶԡͷЩɲҲȱǮЩš
֪ථǰֶ֪һЩЩڿɲ򵽵ġ
ЩֵǮ
üЦŻСӣַŵؽ档
ѽ֣ζ˵֪ЩһȥʲôǮ
žͺˡ
ࣺ
˰ڡ
Щԭ׼꣬ٿһЩб仯ʱ
ٸ֡
ڵŰֵھھܵͷ
Щǰó
ðﲢô̡
Щ㡣˵ԺԼƹܣôö㡣
š㣬Цӯӯ˵ǰҶˡ
˭ü۾˵˶ˡ
ս֣ȵϢߣ벻ҪҲС
֣
һȣͻȻЩ˼ƻࡣ
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