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ߣ
İ
ĺ˵˻ְ֡촦VSʮӱºͣרҵϱܡ
1.
ҽҶһһԼ˶ʮͳĳĵӾĽɫĳ˽ӣֽһڵչޡ
ҶҽһȥѧУύԼתרҵ롣
2.
걾ÿ80Сʱסתרҽʦѵ
ҶһڴһսսʦС˷ַܰСҽûĴħ
һһŵɪɪһȺСҽ
豸λѹ滮λÿԾȷ1ףǻҽصŴùŴصֻɱ
СҽȻһغ޲
ĳͷҶҽصҲôϸɡ
ҶһЦһ䡰ƨ
ȻͻصMMP

׷һȺ˷ӵĹдӻֽ̳һС
С۾˵ллңһᱨġ
Ϊ˾˱¶٣˷˵òпǹ˱ְ
ʵҲûҪС𣬵ǳСӴԼ߹ȴҲͺ
ǣˣ塣
Ҷһأ硭
-----ʳָϡ
1.Ӵ֣ܿգĻܵúܿպܿգ
2.û뵽ռλá
ݱǩ ǿǿ ֮ ҵ羫Ӣ ˬ
ؼ֣ǣҶһ  ǣ  
һ仰飺һ֣
⣺Ĳ Զ
vipǿƽ
ҽҶһһԼһӾСүֽһڵչޣҶҽĬƬ̺ȥѧУύԼתרҵ룬漴һŶԹӲݡҽƼʵƬƷƣҽ߽Ƕдʮ̬Ĭʵһ֮Ҫԡ


1 
ײϵһ̣Ҷһ뷨ǡ治档
ҶһһعˣΪĻʯһֺᴩ·¡
һ⡣
̳ȫǡѪܷҽѧ߷̳ӭ˼Ų˼
Ҳϡƽˣֹҽѧ߷̳߶෽ȨܶϢͨĲ˼Ų⣬ŬΪǵļøᡣ
̳׵İԱѸǰΧҶһֹǿ
Ҷҽ
ҶҽҰְ֡
ҶҽҶҽ㣬ҶӲ꣬ȾһűŮĸе㰫Сǰ׳˶Ӽ󣬵Ŭǰ̽ͷҶһע⵽ĽűһӲڽ£죬ĿЬ
Ҷһ΢΢һüͷһλе췽Ա˵䡣
췽Աͷ첽߳顣
˵Ҷҽ绹һҪȥϷɻҲҪţ󣬿ȥƵǹԱҪҶҽĹ䣬Ҷҽпջῴġ
췽Ա˵꣬Щԥˣ˻ǰִҽĹ䣬ÿȫسǧĲѡеļʵ͵ÿ治һģֻҪҽˣǱѡеϣͷǳˡ
Ҷҽ
Ҷҽ
ۼҶһϾҪﳵԣȺԽŬǰ
ʱġۿԼԽԽ棬ҽϾҪϳǸűȳѪӡıŮȻȺ嵽·롰žડһˡ
Ⱥ˲һ˶Ƭ̵Ĵ㶡
ҶһҲסϵˣ߳ԱıȦǰҪ˷ʱһ󼱴ٵһ֪ʲôʱֵĴԼٶ˳
Ҷһ͵һʶǰĸŮԱһƣҵʹ֮ǰһƬĿĺ죬λ۾
ǺưȻعûʲô¡

˵һʤ߼Ҷһشͷ㣬ĸԷ̫粢ˣԣղôѧۣ±ӦûͶһ̥
û뵽±ô죬Ҳ۾һһյĹĸоûкú꣬һȻֻˣ
ҶһضԼ˫޳ûмӵֿ˺þãתԱߡ
ľʵĵذ壬ľʵİǽļӴϸĶ񣬻меĺɫƬͳʽ͵ʽõںһ
ĿڶϷ˵ϣЦٻͼ·ֺֽȻӡšʮꡱ
ҶһһֻеĲʵУӴЬȻ󻺻ӻЩŲڵſſġ
ߵ˴ߡ
Ϧ͸ɫľذϣγ˺ÿİ߲Ӱַ̧ڴϣľʵĴһƬȣԥһ룬漴͵ƿ
ֳִ
ֳִ
ͯŷϡ
һʻСĽкӵЦŴ˽гʯ·ʯ£顱죬תǴűӴëĻư˾ҡкŹˡ
ĿԶܿԶĻַֽء˳̴Ⱦ˰ʡ
үƭ˵İɡ
վڴߴ˰СʱŻֽˮζķ磬һԼ˼ײԾ״̬Ҷһڽʵ
Ԫ1933꣬ȵʱ
ضˣôվڴڣӻûȫ˷ͲˡһŮһҼžŮһֶҩһһֽ߸Ьڵϣա졣
ҶһشӻлعˣǸԼĪʮͷŮˣòһɫۣͷ۵ĲƾûϢõԵʣЩڣҲƣ̬
ض
ҶһغܿϳǰŮͬͬСүĸס
ôˣҲ֪·Сٸ뼸ٰɣҪҵˣҲûڿΡض߶߶˵ţһ߽ҩһԣһżæŵȥҶһ·
㰢籨ˣ㿼´·ǳˣ˵ǽغǹꡣض˵ʱüɫ裬˷ǳ
ҶһصĿдȼĵ籨ϣԺСүļһĻĻ߱ٲš
СүҲҶһأںҶңҶԣĸض𣬻һĽҶ浡
Ҷ̣䲻ʲôŴ󻧣ںطҲϵĺ֮ҡ
رǷ⽨ʿũ̵ĵȼƣƽ߸ϵĹүһӵ̳ҶǮıʿ𷴵µȨǵʾö
ҶץסǮͶҶԶڱֽϷºԴݿưγ⽨࣬رһƪۡΪǷ⽨ªϰ𣬼ӵһһƵۻʿһƬк
ǮСүһץһƣʵϣĸض𲻹ҶԡۡǸ檣νҶҳҲҶ˵͵Ϻ
´ǴǹҸ˴򽻵Ĳţ㸸ڵĲŻ磬˵̫̫Ҳǳˣ㿴㸸ר˸ģҳȥ£ҪǮض𶷹Ͼ޲Ӳ˲Ц⼸Ҫ
Ԫһֱֻ˸ĵơ
ҶһصĿɨдӢĸֱװУһ˿ȻLONGINESٱΪһҽҶһصκƷⲢİ⴮ϤӢĸʱӿһи
ضҶһصֻ˸׵ӣеۺͲһ
ضģ㿼´Ǹʣµİȥ˭Ҳߣضʲô˺ݾһӶ־ơ
Ҷһأ衭Ҳ˼䰢貢ûеԽгڣʮŵɳƣͦ
ضģֻܺúöúùİȥضȰۡ
ûҶһٿڽͣض𿴵˷һԵҩ룬ݵǰˣȰҩˣʲôûҪ
Ҷһأ
ȥʲôҶһؿضҡʱ׼լģһʱ˵ض˰뱲Ӷ˰뱲ӣڿ˵ˣضҲΪСһʱ
ܲ˵裬̣ʲôһڵɶûˡ
Ȱ˾ûЧˣضְǰ˵ݡ
Ҷҽһֱߣӹضģ˱ۣһȥ
ĿɬûüӿһǾͣضһȰضЦ
ҶһһһůĵףҲ¶ЦȻһȵʱ彡Դ۰ļˣĵڶܿʲôء
ǣҶһر͸жȹʱĵһϡ
ҶһأҶһأڶ΢΢˯֮Ҷһغڽ
˭лأԴҶһسΪ÷µҽרҵȡһɾͺʵ˯ɡ
ʱҽƶȶҽǺѺõģر÷ֹҽпеҽԺҶһһųԤԼΪͬҽ֮һһԸ⽫ʱ磬Ѿû˯бѵľˡ
ߵͣӣȻҶһظо綼ζ
ҶһأٲϿξҪٵˣ
Ҷһ͵۾ǰһֵԲ
򸻡
ҶһصԺ˵֣գգ۾عŶˣǸѧСү
ʰʰҵ㡣˵꣬ܣƤЬڵذϣ֨֨졣
ҶһرӴ꣬ÿ80Сʱת꣬߿бٴרѵ꣬òϱţû꣬ȻҪȥѧˣ
Ҷһأ㣡ſִ򸻵Ĵߴ
ޱشӴϴ»Ьţڿŵһ̣ҶһͻȻ̧ͷ򸻡
򸻣
򸻣
ضҶԡҶ浡򸻣
̻¼


2 
ʮʱ䳤ӣʮ죬ҶҽȻͶ˺֡ѿˡ顣
Ϊڹ⹤ҶһϾʱϲƬҲϸ͵ţϤԹԼ£һ˵İĸС
Щ绹ôʱڵƬӲңҶҽ߲ܣʲô㽭ϵӰͼΧ
̻¼һƬӣ˵ǸŮҶĻ¼ıġΪʱҵеӾ磬Ҷһĵʱ򻹳ۡ
Ҷض򸻱ץ
Ҷһص촽һֱߣ仰˵ԭĻֽһڵչޣ
Ҷһûĸضԭˮ⣬ԭ˻ֽ
磬Сү¿κʦе˰칫ҡ
ƽʮصʦһӵصݸһźϷɫʰ쵵ĵдҹǡ·һŻͲŮӡ
ɣһذ´ڱǺϸģǲ¼ñԱġСʦ˶٣ĿһĨӣʲô鶼ҪΪʥԼķȷʵߣҿƽʱĻҲСǼѾҪŮȥ׬ǮˣҾûҪѧУ
Сүʱ־գ֪Ҷã֪㾹Ů
Сү۾ܻؼضضڵĻش֪ԭҶÿ¸ļø֧ŲʥԼķãܹʳǵүȫǽҶ軻ġ
ԭΪԼǾͿ´ܷػҶңܸĸ׽һͻȻԭԼǸ׸Լӵеһжǽڽϡ
ԭǸˣȻҲһһҪ´Ҷ˿ʵ߽ӣܳźһʱ벻ӻֽȥ
Ȼܿͱ˾ȴԭʮˡ
㡭ôҸ򸻼۾һգգضԼֻоƤˡ
Ҷһ´򸻣΢֣ƤܺãЦôһ˿åõĸоȵλ򸻽ɫԱöˡ
㣬ϲҽ㣿ҶһؼǵõΪҶ浵ԭŲϸŮҰӣץ˼
򸻾һ߸ߣ޴͵ذӴþ޴졣
㡭˵ʲôأҡҲûС
ʱ˴ŲϰҶһֱֱȥʷⲻСӵͷˣһһûĳһ仰
ŶûаҶһصͷת¥ȥ
򸻺һԭأֱҶһؿҪˣŷӦŻŵȥ׷¥ݵʱ򻹲ԼԲȥ
ҡûУҽ㣬ģ׽㡣һܻһ߲͡
Ⱥ˳ٵҪˣضŸ߸Ьӽֿһ·Сܹѽʦһȡһһߺ
Ҷһҡδ˵ͱһȺķţ緹·ϳԣֿǸ̯ûҶ˸·ڣûϡ
ضͷһ·ĺˮҶһص۾״¶ÿľ衣ɫ֣صؿڵһһܺõġԲûֽΪһ˵Ĺ޵ģ
ضһԾڶͻȻ֣£漴֪뵽ʲôЦȻˣúȥϿΣң
ض˲䶷־ģҶһһҭеĻʻ˶
Ĳ˼

Ҷһغ򸻶ԼϵĵѧͺѧһԼʵѧƣ˴ģѧǵѧֶѾɵòˣ˶ѾΪҵĹ׼ˡ
ͺñԭСүһҪ´ԼѧǸĿ궼ȷԭôһȺͻΧ´ʵǲס
ٲסѵһתȥ⽻٣
Ҷһ˼ҷУͣԼſڡ
˸³Ŷûվȣǰ洫һЦҵ˭أⲻҶүǸҶҵĳӣһŮǮʥԼӣȻ˼ϿΡ
ҶһѰȥֻǰһվһװ׵ӣ˫ֽ汧ǰͷһӵؿҶһء
ĸࡣ
ҶһĿɨԵϵڳϿһֵӰ
СҶһسɼáڣʥԼעĿ˵Ķ˲˵Ŀ⡣
üͷ壬ǰһҪڣȴҶһק˻
ô̧ţӲ𣿡ҶһĿӣ
׵ģһǶȾͻͲʵĸо
Ҷһزһ־Ӹµ̬κӲֻͷƾͲܶˡ
һͣβŷӦҶһػ˼ʱգٱؾģһӡ
ӣǿӣû˵꣬ҶһؾѾڣĿȹΧӰ¶ǡúôľȱ顣
Ⱥһ仯ɵµڶɵ˼µ˼ײܶں˿ЦԷ۵Ϊڵʱ˿Ȼġ
ͺñ檺̫̫1930꣬䲼񷨡ࡷӸϷϳ檵ƶȣں˿ȻƶȶϳˣǵȻһһˣʵȻࡷĽǡ檡νƽȵĿ£ҡһ̫̫λˣӵĵλһ̶
˵ᣬƽȣ˵ʲô׳ĶǷ⽨࣬Ӧñ򵹡
ʥԼһѧѧѾҪٶԪѧУķǸж٣̫̫ж٣һһӵģĿɲֹҶһһˡ
ȻΧȺеȻ΢΢üȻڽһһ˵ûģҶһصЦʢ
ҶһصƢ˵úã˵ҲãԲʱҶҽЦ紺Ļ䣬崺磬תֵµСҽǾһˣ˳˵ǻ
ϾҽĹͬѰر̨ģƽʱһ㲻עСʧпصź
ˣȲӴºֲͣԴСҽô꣬ҶһغȻϱƳġ˵ĺô
㷨ĺѹҲӰɡ˵
һ㶣ղű˲ͰˣʶԱߵĳȥĿİͰ͵ؽ͵Ҳ˼壬ҡ
ǹ常׵Ϻҵķ֣˭Ҳҵ塣
ĹûзӦ
ԵЩżҲ˲ҶһˣͷŬų͡
ⳡ仯֮죬һһ㶵ģԽ˵仰ͰԼժһɶ˳Ҷһأ˲Ҷһصΰ
һأ߰ɡ۳˲ˣҶһص䣬
ҶһҡͷһķһӶͳ˲ǣ漴ߵԱߵĳǰ
ڿĿİͰ͵ؽͣǳʼûн
ҶһؽԱһ̧ô
ŭ
ҶһûûӦá
󣬳½¶Цһذ˵첻СˮˣһţڿúõģҾͷĶˡ
ֲЦˣҶҽͬһǼЦݣ尡ˡɹĵˣҶһؼϵôãʲô£㿴ҵʲôֱӸ˵һԲϾʲôҷͣǾͱȽ˸ˡ
ҶҽҲǰ׳ʮ극ģԭһ۾֪ΪʲôʱҲʹ죬´¼˾ô¼УǡǡҶһغͷ
Ҳ˵Ҷһطʮа˾žǹˡ
Ҷһ˵ᣬҲ塢
ϵЦһӽס˲ͱˡӺ쵽ٵ̣Ҷһؿɫı仯ԼһӺ˲١
ţţð


3 Լ
Լռ󣬽300ĶżʮߴĽѧУ̻ܺãгƺдų۵ġװѧڴۡ
е¸ˣԱߵĴʯͷ㵸طԣȹвʱŷ˼Ļ𻨣Χһ
ǣ׿Ȼ
ۡ졢ȺŬˣҲôĥѺվĸ߷塣
Ҷһ߹תһ֧ľǰͣס˽Ų
㿴ɶأϿˡոձ嵢һʱ䣬ϿûˣҶһؾȻпͣ塣
̽ͷȥϸֽһϲǵľ´¼ͨ棬ҶһصĴλεϱߣһתרҵ˵С֣ҲûϸƣϾѾǴıҵˣתרҵʲôϵ
СسҶһһۣѧУڴϢҲ޷浽衢ҶһؿŮ˳ԷҶ֮ģʵЩϢҶһصӰޡ
ּͥ˭ûЩƨ£ѾǴˣԼҲ⼸ˣֻҪҶһװûȥᣬҲڱ˵л¡
ǻͻڣҶһؿ´´ֱΪС⽻ǽ⽻ϺֱϺ磬˴򽻵ʱ࣬Ƕӵģ´˶Ҫϸѡ޲ðʮ˴ˣ׼ǰѡҲˡ
׽Ů¿ɴСǺҶҿϳ棬ѵѵŮҶ浰뾭ѵ׷ŮͷҶȥͨͨϵ´Ҳ͹ȥˡ
ʱ뾭ѵɲʲôʡ
ҶҲ棬·ȥҶһ´ɾˡ
ϵҲѧѧǶϣתȥҲǵһʹһʵٿΣҶһ
ɶѧʵٵģһ£ʲôϵ
е㶪ݵģǰɣҶһüתͷ򸻡
򸻵С۾죬һ±ƣ㶵Ӧһ
Ҷһ̾һֿһ漴żеĽȥ
򸻣
Ҷһؿŵһ̣˶͵͵̧ͷԻͬӶĿ⡣
˵СүƽʱԵã֮СүƽʱԵʮֲֻǶʮеģСүƽԸӵԾӣƽʱﻨҲʮִȻв׷ˡ
Ҷ浵ϢһȥҶһصĵϸһ֣ԭҶһҶүǸӻҶԺͺǹ־ֳҲҶ̫̫Ҷһصĸ׾Ǹֶ̫̫ûеŮˡ
ҶƽʱʡҲֻҶ̫̫һһŮ˵ҶүС㣬ʿֻ֪ҶҶ֪ҶһҶ浡
ͺñȺѧУһúüͥҲõķĽ׷꣬ٵҵˣŷǸտӣʵԼ˵Žǰװһ˵ģʲô뷨
ҶҽȺСѵֻ̬ĻͬĿԼϾͲôˡ
ҶһϹԲʱºЦݣǰ˸λ¡
ҶһOO@@Խ
ҶһرšֻҪҲΣεľˡ˹شӰó飬ûʱĽ̿ء
ȻûʱӢĿα÷ĶԻһϤڶ𣺡´ȥԺٱ޳¼ɾûϵʲôˣЩ֪Լ˹أƫƫϰóʲôʶʲôУ˼ҿǸƨ
Ҷһطһ٣СѰǿû̼ռƸߵ㣬Դˣ̼
ǶʮͷˣʢͣĻһ䣬˵дǶӦ
԰ȷᱻˢǰó˭ϣǱԼ˺ðɡ
˵ѾʦҶһ̸ˣҶһûͬ⡣
湻˽İ
˽ŽǮԼ󣿡

𽥱ԵЩֶնյƨλŤŤȥģжƵġ
ʱҶһվ
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͵һһӾĿƵضҶһأࡰ顱÷ɿ죬ԤУʤڴһˡ
ȻҶһվתתԴЦЦ漴ӵϼʲôȻˡ
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ôһڿΣǽһò׵ȵ¿Σʾ˵һҪȥˣǴıҵһһҲûڿΣɲż
ȻûڣҶһվʶȥҶһظĵ棬̧ͷҶһѾվǰ
֪ؿڵҶҶһأ㿴Ҷô˵ǲӦøһ
ﾲĵģܽԼĴҶǴˣһٶҶһߵԱߵĶЩϡѾЩµʲôˣҲûϾҶһذó˵ûʲô
ҶһȻҲ˵˼´綼Ҫóȥģȱ˵Ҷһزܷǰѧ˰뱲ӵҽȥʲô⽻٣˵Ҷ£һʱʹãҪض֪
뵽ضµĿԼЩŮ£Щͷۡ
˵öԡЩӦ˵һ¡ҶһػܣʮֳϿҵؿڵ⼸ҼѧУﴫ÷зҴ˲бǸ
ҶһһھǱǸ̬УýĲͬѧЩ˼ʮʢ˼ͬʱҲûбȾǷǹۡ
ΪӺ͵ܵܣȷʵ죬е֮ǰ֪ҵļΪҸô࣬ҺʹģҲھΡ
ҶһصļСү±佭ˮеǰһ̶ŶԼ˵ǸΣֻСү˵ԣٵ߶ûаѻ˵ڣ˵ˡ
£죬ͬѧ˵öԣҲô˽ȷᱻˢĻӦðóһλᡣ
ҶһصĻһ䣬һƬ˵˵ûҶһó´һȥ⽻ٺ󱸰
ִ1931ųԻָ˹Աƶȣ31ȫΧ¼ȡ100ˣ8˻ԼҪְλɴ˿ɼͨ˽ҹԱеѶ֮˵ԼҪְλһ˼붼롣
´Ҫ˰£ԼϾٰ¼Ϻ߹ô࣬ôֵõǡ
һأһӣץ޲ȥסҶһصͣô˵þأ
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˵ӡһֺĶ뷨һ룬һ˾Ķһӣп˾ͻԵø
Ȼˣôãø˭ⶼҪѧУҸ˵Ըϣһֹƽ֣صķʽӵʵСϾҶһض˶٣ЩȻʧؿڵϾǹңе룬ҵģдҵġ
ǰΪһ⽻٣ڹ̨ΪԼĹҿȡȨ棬ⲻÿ˵
ǴֿɵõĻᣬҶһؾȻôˣԼ˶ʶҴǣô˵ͷһһأһ´ûע⣬һ´ء
ҶһģȫԲһھͷˣԭֻһѻǣͬͬѧ
ﾲĵģ˶Ҷһص˽𺳣žžž֪˭һƣŵڶԽԽ󣬾þòϢ
ϤİҶһЩȻÿεʱЩʺƨСҽǾôΪƵġ
ͷüͷĹ壬Ŷλ
˻ڹ֮ʣҶһ΢΢һֻ˵Ҷ˵ˣʲô˽ֱ˵ã㿴ŪҵĻԶˣøҵȻҪһָӹƽķʽȥ˵ǰɣ
Ҷһڡҡ͡ƽŹһӳɫҶҽΥһִڵĳ嶯
յ͸ïܵҶҶһǸ߸۵ľһһģԵ˸

֣Ŷᴦɶأѧ¥⣬ž˴ӵһűվ¡
űӿԼĪʮҵģĸͦΣƤϸôһĵǣüëŨͦ˿дһɷ
ʲôһۣЦһ廹ΪļһӶóһ֧̣ҪȼȻʶĴѧȤһַ˻ȥ
ܴͷ㲻˵˵ᴦģҪұְ𣿡


4 ŵ
ŲȻӦ˼ңǵȻҪȥ
Ҷһһ¿ΣӦ˹Ǹл˺󣬾ֱϵԺ칫Ҷȥ
תרҵ
Լ¥ϵԺ칫ңؽڲĿϡ
ҶҼǵǸѧ
Ļм¾ͿԱҵˣڸ˵תרҵؽڻǲԼĲãˡ
ؽһʵı飬ҶһҲеΡϱԼֵµСҽת˸˵ʦҴŲʺѧҽҶһһ
ֵԼ
ҶһرʾԺлȥһֲҪСҽºôһ㡣
ڣҼҵҲ˵ˡ
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Ϊ´ĹϵҶһؼϵ߲м䴫ˣҶǮȴҪŮѧȥָܵѧǮܵ࿼ϹԱȴΪǸҪˢ
Щ˿Ǽ䲻ģΪﲻǰˡ
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Ⱥ廹ЩһģѾȥϴȿ쵽ǻԴһָǸѪԵϵȥ档壬ѪԵͼԷγɵһȨ֯һɼϸߵɡ
˵һֵʱҶһزʶʦʱɵڽϰֲԾð
Ŷ棬Ҳм壬ǺܶȨ׼ؽ˵ԼеǰˣƼ׷ңŷҶΪһ𣬼Ҳϧ
Ƭϣֹ̫ͰĹ£Щ˿꣬Զǰ;ȴΪ˾ȹȻȻʴ֣ЩǵȵߣȴΪϧ
ŷҶСֻǾȹִ󰮣֮һ־ĹͬģΪһǰ
ո˵ǰĿǻø׺ͼϿɣŶ壬ϿɡôأȤؿǰˣŬѰ־
Ҷһ뷨һллЩȹ־ʿһᲢۡ
ʶѾ˰ҵļˣ˵ͬ԰ҵļ˸ΪȰҵܶӦȥġ
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ҽѧ룿صֵ֣صģԸΪԼ븶Ŭ˸Ӧñ
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ҽѧǲ룿ͺ㣬ǲŮƵģô˵أŮ㻹ܰ˲ɣʮܶȢţ۾һһվˣûɱҲ̫˰ɡ
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ΪҽҩҵķչĽܶδţںȻüԼȥ
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ñûĶһ˲ͣ٣ôһɲǣƺϷ·ڷ⡣
칫Ҿˣãٴ
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ԣһ飬ȷҪֿɵõϵҵƾתҽѧϵ𣿡
ĿƵضǰվñֱˣϿԼӰӡ
ǵĽڣȷҶһᶨػش
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ҶһعسĬӣϴ˵ȻԵɡ
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Ҷҽ׶԰ʼС컨ˣСѧʼһ·ѧбͣбͣΨһһѧ߿Ҳȫʡǰһĺóɼĳ֪ѧҽѧԺ
ѧרҵǰĳɼõѧУ͹ҽѧԺ2+6ʿҵͱȫõҽѧ÷¼ãڽ֮ǰʴûгҶҽֵ
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һϴүȽŲô㣬һקͱק˵ϣϵؽл
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Ҷһüͷ΢壬ľĲͬնںĻбŮŮΧȥóֻƵعˣڴϵͬϵѼӰ㣬ͷ첽߹ˣҶ࿴һۡ
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ǰ죬⣬ϣһ־ֳִˣѪһأҿžŵûš
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˻䣬һȺѸΧ˹ꡱһҪϰߡ
٣٣ûʲôôˣұܵͬѧҲǾ죬־ƳʶϰҪ޳ˡ
˺ͷһԴȳ˴һȦľعͷ֣Ŷᴦ˵־ҲȲ㡣
λΪᴦԺݺ˴ͷһţܴͷҸ˵˵ͱ˵
ǻȥ˵û⣬ġ
ϰԣ̵ͷϣһϡкãͱˣҰѵһ¡
ᴦϰһۣ˵ͷ
¾״̽ϰ򿪡
Ҷһأϰ壬ֱɣȻҡ
Ҷһһڣֳ˵Ŀⶼλͷ쿴ƺе˷ܣᴦ
Ϊֹ㲻׼ڡᴦûȴͷ˵꣬ʹĻ
λΪᴦ°΢΢ߵҶһǰӸ´ӽʮӡ
Ĭ
ǳĬ
Ŀһ˲ĽӴҶһüͷ΢壬ôᴦе⣿
ߡ
ɶ
ϵʱҶһӵһθܵһֽ±Ƶĸܣˣ
лҪ˵
עҽѧԳԹҽί߽˾[1991]106 
ִҪİʳŶ
ɷãһμʱ򣬶Ա˴˵ĵһӡΣ
Ҷһأװ񾭲һ
Сƭӣ
ɷã
ɷãǵһμɶ
Ҷһأסҡ
Ĳɷãסģ
ҶһأĮסҵ֡


5 ᴦ
ϣһﴩźɫƷľΧҶҽŻع
ᴦǰɣҷʲôҪҴؾ֣
ᴦǰɣظ仰ϱˣӹ̨ҶһҪֱ
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һġ˶ǿϰ廳ģֶ˶Ҷһǿ飬һġ
Ȼأ
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ᴦΪһҾ͵ý֣δ̫Ϸ˰ɡҺƱǿҲֳܱҶһظҿ϶ϵЦݾԺܽӲ
ҶһأͻȻϴһ£ʮˣžѣǰۡ
ҶһأǸϡ
ŶˣոǸ⣬ٱֵƣͨĲ࣬һҵͳ飬ֵûɡֵ°ͣ״һط
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Ҷһر˾⻹Ҷҽӵһھм䣬һһҸ죬Ǹϴǰĸʻλϡ
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һѧһߡϰԼգоԱһ硣
ΪԱЦһֱֵȻʱְǽʱģ˵ʲô־ǶĴһҲǿͿġ
СԱȻԼһԵʮԺǾֳǸϹŶţռλֲԱĴָ
˵⻰СԱתҶһأЦСͬѧҵָϣţ
Ҷһأ
һԵĵϰ޳ˣȻΪɶ˵İ
ԱҶһذѴڽźãϰɻ󣬡治ǼٲôЩ궼ȥˣԪǴļǮɲۡ
Ҷһطһ˺Ҫ֪1933ۣͨͶһµĹʲԪСԱһȻģѾǸˡ
ȱٹ߿ܻžѾþȫҶһص촽򣬲Щĸܡ
ϰԣԼԴ̰ѲϵĽĽָժϣԶԶԣҺͿˣЩ궼ȥˡЩ
ԱʱЦˣߵѶǰԪͽָһҪװͻȻһƬ
ܿƣܿƣû°ɣ
ܿƣ
ܿˣµʲô
ܿƣ𵹰


6 ҽ
ѶľԱ״Ҳ˲Ǯˣתͷȥһ߻ţôˣôˣ
ҽԣҶһʶؾߡ
ѽСͬѧѶûͬǲܳȥģҪǹӵģѶ󱻿סĵϰ
ȻҶһѾ߳ȥˡ
Ѿҳһ࣬¥칫Ҳͣ˳
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һԱµܴͷɾܴͷֵĸʱ򲻵ñֱ֣ţ¥Խˡ
Ҷһܵʱ򿴵ľôһ棬һȺźƷľѰ칫¥ڴΧˮйͨ¥ϻʱǵĶ顣
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ʱһȺƷѲֱײ˽ϰ壬˶࣬㿴׼
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Ҷһϰ廰˼£ԷǮ㲻ܹܣ
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Ҳǰ׳԰׺ȣÿЩɷӺ͵Ʀåͻ˼ɣߵ徻㿴Ǳߡ
Ҷһ˳ָķ򿴹ȥֻһֵĶ漸ƦåΧһưؾǲߣưĴǸŮʿ޺ϡԿһСɵ
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9 ǹ
ҶһûмҶ浣ԭļȴʮʻĴڡ
ΪĳضҶ̫̫λòضŮ۾۾ӲǱӵģҶ浵ﲻس󣬳һƢ
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ҲڵҶ̫̫¶ҶоһʥԼ¼ȡ֪ͨض𻶻ϲϲ뿪ǣϺĻ𳵡
ϺضŷҶÿ¸ļò40ԪһĴѧЩþˣʥԼϺĹѧУһѧѼҪ700ԪǾ㲻ԲȰеǮҶһѧҲ
һض²Ҫ
⣬ȥӲͷƤΪǰıľ
ҶһصѧӷԼ˵ô죬ȥ֮ǰ̫̫ŴõԼ¼ȡ֪ͨ˵ǰϯǿðڵģôȻȫҵӡ
ҶҶһصĴЩΣôһΨһĿɽ̫̫Ĵ١
ضΪûʱҶվ˳ƽʱҶһز䲻ȵĽվ˳е׬ǮҵΡ
Сүȴ˵һллĻᶼûˡ
æҶһܹȥ֮ǰקһ޸֮ѧɴ򲻹ô졣
պðһʢľƱ˵ߣҶһһקֱ档

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Ҷһק˶һܹĻưصᴦԷӵҲӡ
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˵㲻ôͷľ˶ţҪԶ𣿡
ǡһ극ǮҶһذǮˣһٷ͵ֽߵһʹڻǷš
Ҷһקܵ·м䣬ʱһ糵شӲԶʻҶһʶͣס˽Ų
ԶѾСקסҶ浵İư˾ҶǰŬȰ˵СǣСԲΪӴ
ֵؿ˲ɫɷ׵ҶһأΪקסҶһصҶһصװе̣պ¶ôһϸŵĴСϸ࣬ǱȾһ㣬š
ҶһػʱѾܹ˵糵Ҷ浲Զˡ
лл˵ΪӰ·󳵹ͻ񾭽ų亹
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үǺúŶһģװʲôߣҵҪү᲻ΪһģǮ鷳˵ͷССʹ˸ɫ
Сһһץס˻ư˾ֻ֣ק˾ߡ
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ס֣Ҷһؾǹ
ǹǹСǻûзӦ·˿Ҷһϵǹɼг
·˲ɢܿΪǹŵСǸɫ䣬ЩԾˣĶɽĿ⿴ǵϴǮ硣
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ҶһأܳʲôȥҶȻҲҶһأ߰˸춼治ɫҶ浴ʱɫ䣬ưĳ˾Ҷһصķ
Ҷ浵ĻһڣǮ۾һĿҶһصǹһֽҶק˻ȥԼǰ
Ŷʶİ̽ԵؿڵСͬѧõĲǹɣ
ǲǹҪҪԣ˷ˡ
ǲǹ֧ģҶҽݵĳͣȻ֧˵㣬Ҷһǹƻʮֱ׼ġ
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ʱ·ˡǹĺҲ˲ԶС̯ԷѲ
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ɶɶأǮ磬ҼǵǸкҪǹϽķΧ¡ѲҶһغ˱ܹûҶһǹֻǮż°͡
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Ҷ浵زǰάܷܵڵһλҶһͻȻо۾еġ
СүļУҶ׽СͶ䲻ȵģʹСү׽ҶضǰԹ˲ٴΣҶ浱ͲôùӸѹˡ
СүԶףЩصİţֻеĳһؼʱ̣Żһӱŷ𺳡
ҶһسڸжУΪҶָϵԱߵǸˣѲѾǣ־ҪȥҶһеǹǹҶһسǹͬʵ¡
Ȼʱ򣬻ΪѲڳֻȥҶһǹΪǮǿһҶһظῪǹĴü˴Ҷ浵ĲĵһСľʹ˲ӱƤѪ˳Ҷ浵Ĳӻ¡
Ҳ̫˰ɣ˲Ǹһ͵øӻȥӿıٿҪҪٺһЦתͷһѲλҲһׯ˵ŷ˴ζЦ
ҶһؿҶ浲ϵѪֻԴһʶһ
飡
ǹ졣
ΧȺڵļ˷Ѳȫͳ˾Ǯǿеļ˲䵽˵ϣֱڵϰ
Ҫõǹ˲䣬Ҷһؿǹˣ


10 Դ
㣬ǹ£ͷѲٴУӱҶһغΧס
ǹҶһҲԭء
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ûûµģֱֻֻۣҪͷĶ϶˲Ҫڵ֯ҪĸȾͲΣա
ûµģûµģҶһزͣ˵Լǹֱ۲ͣ
һԵȻҲҶһصĲԾߵҶһߣùǹ굥ӺͲϲ󴦳ʲôûˡ
ΪʲôӢۺúأԭҲǸӻɫ󡣡ԻڻеҶһԼһˣסǹҿģ¡
ǹҶһؿǹȫǲͬʵ¡
Ǯǿһ֪ʲôöȥ飬㰴ܲͷˡ󴦳ʭӶ˲˵ôСɫϸ鷳ʸ
ôÿұСͬѧῪǹǰɡȺС컹ΧҶ浣̧̧Ĳûؿڵ
С˲ȸɢǺšһǮǿ
Ҷ浣ҶС㣬ɡ
Ҷԣ͵̧ͷݽҧţǮǿвȻǹеܵܣǿסĲһһҶһģٱ紵۽ǣ·һ˿ʪ⡣
ôңôҿǹܵҶһվҶ浵͵رŷ˳Ҷһȥ
ŵܴܵûзӦģǹԭҶҲ̲סۿ
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үЩֹøеĿˣҶңԣҶңһа취ģһеġ
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ˣǽҪؼȥȰǰ鴦һ¡Ҷһصĸ첲ôѪ𣿡
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һֱ״̬Ҷһ͵ػ񣬡ģԹۣϸֹѪ˵ʶؾҪǮǿߡ
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TMоһᴦͷѲľ
㵱ɵоֳֻûᴦѲźС

TMǰ챻ְ㲻֪Ⱳӵù˶⼸켯бˣһһ⡣
־ֲǲƳ鳤ԼԱֳʱľôһ
оֳ߰˸žѲΧм䣬ԼԼһԵĹˡ
鳤˲Լ˶ˣŵػعͷȥ򲻾ǰܵ־ֱŵСѲ
˵ģпǹĴͽ
СѲԣ鳤ʻԴķɿ죬ԶԶԣ鳤ǮǿǱأǮϵҪǮȥҽԺ
鳤ԣ˫°ϵķ͵һһֶݺݵĿ⿴СѲֻ۾ҸǮǿϵˣһ־ֲǲ鳤ܸһåϵã
СѲͣѡǲǻһ齫Ļ˻ȥ
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ǹѧһǸŹͿ̣û뵽ǵүͷȥˡ
ʤأֳ鳤ææǰ㶵ѲӢµƵǰ
ͷѲһ㶣漴͵ѽֳֳҴˣ㷣𿪳ҡ˵꣬ԭرͷ£һ׼ˣɡĿģ
һ߹ȥһʤϣʤ˾«һڵϹ˺üȦȿͣ
Сͦ򣬻ȥʮҷԡԼϱ˵Ĳλ˻ͦۡ
ܣԲܣҿ϶򣬲Ҳ̫ǫˣľֳҪ˵ԼǴ۾쵼ֲҿǱùģҪֱ˵ĸҶְʤЦǺǵԵ

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û˵һԳ鳤ϵЦȻӲˣʤһɻģ޲СһˮûӣĺĺϹʤѲӵĶӳ
ˡҲûոȺߴߴᣬ£ǸǮıܲҴˣȻˣȺ˶ץȥظꡣ˶ּ˾䣬׼͡
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ᡭģһᴦõġ鳤ЦתͷڵϵǮǿͼԭصС죬ݾͱ׺ȫץȥ
ȵȡһֱվһԵҶһͻȻȥֹѪ
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鳤ЩؿҶһһۣһѧװСѲĻǹѧλǿǹɡ
ᴦɶϵ鳤˼ţĬĬҶһص
һߣǮǿҶһ߽˶Ǿġ
ҶôĿɽ㲻˵ⲻǿ
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ҶһǮǿǰǮǿ磬үүˣһСҲǰˣвС˵߿ޣˣҶһû˵˺Ǯǿұֱ۵·
·˺ѵͬʱҶһƺŵһɧζʶĳһסǮǿȻˡ
ҶһҡͷЦͻȻǰҲû˺⣬ܺãӵûддڵ̶ȣӦҲڷԹۣҪҽԺƬӲȷڸֹѪ
Ҷһ˵ţشǮǿ˽¼˿ڴٰ
ԶҶ浿Ҷһذģüͷ΢壬ô֪Լҵܻܵôһܡ
Ȱ꣬Ǯǿͱ־ֵ˴ȥҽԺڵǮǿֱҪȫָһѶȵġ
ҪΪԼ鸶۵ģûдԲԣҶһؿǮǿ̧ߵģ̲סתͷ
ԺЦԼոôǰ겻򵥣ⲻһ֪˼伲Ĵү
УүʱܻžͲˣôԴҪ۶ԴҺǮǿݵһᷢչʲôģұǿҴҲǶԵģұҶҲǴģǿʳǡ


11 
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ϵ˸ҿһܣҶһغ˵ľ˲٣ҶһؿȻλ󴦳۸ڶ˵˻ùȨʱҲǸˡ
ٽû˵Ϳпǹ£ǸһѲҲֻСʹ룬ûиϾɱǮǿǿˡ
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ڵϹģ³ϿɣҶС㲱ϻˣˣȥѳ
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Ҷ浵˿ڱҶһؽѪѾֹסˣ˵ǻ΢΢˿ڴ
Ϊһ⣬Ұ£ѰɡȻ֪ϲϡ
ѡҶ浿Ҷһغ˵һϡƽµģ΢㶡
ҶҰңǹ־ֳã޲ðүϰ壬Ͼ·ŵ־ֵľֳҪԹվſȥӭӡ
ϺλȻϺоֵһȥҲҪǾ־ֳдģολ֡
˺͵ܵѣҶ浾Щ˼顭
ཡҶ浻׷ʼʱĳͣǸǰɣүųк
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ˣˣתҿҶҽضᴦ˿ڴʱûкõĿҩǰҪ˿һȾʮ鷳ˡ

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ͷƫһ磬Ͳô򵥵ˣˣ·ҩ꣬ȥƺɴҰһ¡
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ɫγѸһƬӵ糵ͻưĽֵС

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ⲻҶСӺҶҴ ˹پǲһŶרˡھۼ⿴˳ˡ
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Ҷһ̷ӦǾֵҵĽڣԣñԤ磬裬ᴦҺͽ·åҿ
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ҶһذҶ浵ı龡۵ףﰵ̾ĸŮ飬һ仰˵ģҶ浵ļ򣬡㣬ȥɡҰᴦ°һ¡
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Ҷһõư˶Ҷһغ޲ðѰƿƶϵģ̲סڵҶҽҵ˿ڷΧô𣿡֪ĻΪء
ҶһؽϵƵľƾ޻ӵһԣ˼ϰˡ
ҽϰ߶Ƚϴı׼ΧһΧ15-20ףҽʵʲֻϲɣеҽõһƿ
ɴ˿ڰãҶһصͷԺ󣬹һҩ⼸첻ҪˮҪҹҪĶоͷΡͷʹ׽߾ֲ֢ⷢ״ȥҽԺ
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㣬˿СѾֹѪˣøɴһͿԽ裬̵ġ
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ᴦض˵ˣǰ浾ҪˣǵĴˡ
ᴦ꼸갡öϣںǣҶҲͷ˼ңǰҲǴС㡣

ضԽԽˣҶҲǰǸ־ֳõҶ浼޸ôǸˣٹ˵ǾֳˣѵǸֳǿ
飡Ҷ浺ݺݰϣޱطſص졣
ضŹ˲ɫǺ죬⡭⺢ӡ
һͬʱھҪˣ߳ҶҴŵһɲǣԼһFLAGԲ̤Ű벽
뿪ضʰˣҶһԥһ£Ҷ海š
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Ǯǿ治ɫŮкܣȴΪض𼸾仰ڷ͵͵ޣҶһ̾˿
߽䡣
Ҷ浵ķܸɾ˵ûʲôԭļҶᣬ˻ؼסƵʲߡ
Ҷһػܣֻױ̨ǰһӣӷ˸¡
㣬Ǳ߱ȥ˰ɡֱ˵ؿڵ
ҲˣûᴦڣᷢչĵزϾԼ׬ǮˣܳеԼѧѣ㲻Ҫôˡ
ҶЩ̧ͷû뵽ҵĵܻܵ˵ԭĸ˿ģͬʱЩο
ضӺСʱʼҾ֪ǲһģеģŮģҶҳǶġ
ҶҲߵҶһضĴ¡
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˵˵Ҷ̫̫ҶԵӣǺǹ־ֳã˭ǵǵྩѧһŮѧɼҶԻҪá
˵Ҷ浵¶һ˿ʣ˵Ůƽѵֻмһ·
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˵ʱҶĿƵؿҶһأ԰ضԣԲһĻ
ҶһȫҶ浵Ļסˣ⡭ŮԵľѣ


12 ú
һ磬ضᴦôõһҪץס߶߶УҶ浺Ҷһؼһĳ˼š
ӿֻͣһư㣬߰ɡҶһЦ
أ
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ҽѧԺĲԼ룬ڼԼҽѧԺԺǼúҽԺӢҽԺҽһҪҽԺ鲡Լʱ伫硣
Ҷһصʱ򲨶ڰ칫ҳ緹ͬʱڳĻϵؽڣڵĹϵԲպСõͬһס
ŶҶˣԼ裬ǺܿͳˡؽȿҶһأЦк
̧̧ƬĿɨҶһأû˵
λںãǲùңȥ￴羰Ҹոչʱ򿴵ܺÿķ羰ûüͣȥ˵껹ĵذλڹš
Ƕ¡żϵһɲǣӢ˵
ҽѧԺ¥ȷʵ˲ٻз羰ҽѧչʷϾбעĻ񣬱һ̨ѪѹơXߡĵͼƬֱ1929һ̨עĵͼ
Ҷһһţһֲ뵽ҽѧչʷе˷ܸУһֵĽǣֿƼªĵ豸£һ̨ϸ
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Ҷһس³һ֮ȡ״ӵʸ񰡡
ڣؽںáҶһصڶ߽ڵİ칫ҡ
ãҶؽЦŻӦ۾һڰ칫Ҷһصϡ
һҳһҳúϸԼĪӣ̧ͷ
ĳɼǳãһѧγ̵ļҲﵽתרҵҪ󡣡̧ͷһҶһؼ
ѧԺתרҵһ·ݿʼǰѧԺӣ·ݲŻʽתϵȽ⣬Ǵıҵ·ݾͻʽѧУҵҲ˵ȵʽתרҵʱѾԼѧˣҲûתרҵʸ񡣡
ˣתǾԲܵģҽѧԺѧԺһѧѧòӰԼҽѧѧĲãȴˡ
ԼҽѧԺƱȫΨһҽѧʿѧλĸУΪ⼸ҽڹڵѸͷչһҽԺСðڶҽԱǹӦԼѧлҽԺٴʵϰ
Ҹѡ񣬵һ¿ʼһһϿΣһһͬͨѧһҪ㣬ԼСڶһڴѧһҽԺʵϰУڿγѾѧˣڱѧĩһѧδͬѧĲ
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Ҷһؿóڶתרҵ²ã
ڣÿˣѡڶѾʼҽԺˮζˡ
üͷܼһֻӣҶһؿĿʵƲơ
ˣŻ˼СӣҾ˵ѡڶҶǸŷҶеһؽЦһա
ںҶһȴͬʱ˹ı飬ŷҶʲôֵı
Ȼˡ̧ͷ˿칫ǽϵӣߵˣ߰ɡ˵ϻδ¿ˮ꣬أҹš
УȥɡؽЦŸǻ֡
·ܿ죬ȻҶһʱתרҵãȻѧ֣Ϊʦ飬һ˿ɡ
ҽѧϵ°ѧڿʼͽҽԺʵϰΪԱҽԺѾˣʱӣʱҡ
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˵ŲͷҶһһۣҾⲻ󣬱ϾĹˣƯǻһģȻˣʵĥϲˣǰ㻹кڵĻᡣ
ҶһЦڣȻԺòֻͬҪϵõͬһѣǾͲĥϲ˵⣬ֻϵˡ
̧ͷظһҶһصĻֻϵˣǳĻҶţϣıš
ԼúҽԺڿԵүҶһش磬ͣһƯĺ׷ǰ
ǳԵŷʽɫݶƬƬز;µ¥ݷ֣ӢдӢƣҽԺյϣͣŸʽĽγ
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ҶһظŲ߽ҽԺ¥·ʱʱ˸ڴкúĿɨҶһء
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ҽá
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ǻʿȡҶһؽܵȣҵѧҶһʱﵱʵϰҽ
ŶȷһЦŶҶһ˵϶ǳ˲ҽԺһʵϰҵ°·͵
͵Ұ칫Ұɡڽȥ
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ˮתڵĻеġ
˵䣬Ѿߵ˲ڵİ칫ſڡ
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飬쵽ĺ磬֡ڶ˵꣬תͷҶһ˵飬ҲҵѧʥԼУҵģסԺҽΪҪѧУǱߵĹĻȽ٣Ժ󲿷ʱ㡣
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Ҷһأ
лҪ˵
ΪʵϰҽҪϼҽļල²ܶҩ˷Ϸݣ˸趨ĳסԺҽˡ


13 
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Ҷһ˫ֽӹллȽ㡣״ϱ˱ȣƲһ䣬˵㣬ͻǻ᳤ʱ򣬴Ŵ˶á
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Цģֻʱְģһݡ
ллȽ㡣ҶһЦ
ȸ߸˵ˣ飬Ϊϼҽлء
仰Ӧö˵ģ飡
飺Ҵˣʦ
ˣҶȥҰ칫һ·һȥ鷿
Ҷһصͷת˲ڰ칫ңһռҽԺñ˵İ״ӲͬΡԼˡ
Ҷһִ״ӵļ͹Ŧ۵ʱʶڿɲ㷢еʱԼԴѸٻϰ״ӣͬʱһ첽ȥ
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ʦҶһؿ첽ǰͲڴ˸кʶȤߵ
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ʱЩ˵ţҶһüôԵָΪʲôû˹
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¥һ˲İȿĿڿһҡ
ҶһƮڱ˽£ۡ
Ȼ˵仯¶յɫģҸǾͨѹϵfriend
ˣ飬ҲʲôϵڴǳҪ㣬ѾӰǵȥŮѱ˵÷ǳء
ΪúҽԺĻʿĻȨȺܶСҽҪһЩ
ðɺðɣȥЩ鲻Ը˵תͷҶһأҶһ𡣡
ҶһصͷҲš
˸¥ûߵ¥ݿһŮ˹Ъ׵
ŶУϷ룡ҲҪһỊ̇飬Ҫ飡һܰҵģ
¥ĽŲһ٣ڨڨػعͷȺҶһأҶͻȻеۣҪȰȥ


14 
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ݲûзֱ֣˽ĻȻοȫĨİ״ϡ
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һתͷȥ
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Ҷһüͷ΢壬üӹȥˣ黹û
ȥ˵˵ȥ
黨СŮתתҲȥͬʱĻѲͻư

ݵڱУҲҪ̣ҿϵİ̺ۣŶֲ̫ˡ
ݣҪô㳶˿ˣѪһ֯ǯΣ˿ûôʸһôֲģұ֤
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15 ѧ
⼸˿ڲҪմˮҪ˶ҪĶװ㻻һҩ
Ҷһر˵ժϵס
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Ϊ˿ΧҩݸоԼҰտտյģ־Լ׵ĺܸߣȥȴġ
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16 
Ҫң
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ҶҽЩοؿԼһΪԼȡõĽжģ֮ԭɹ̤˵һ


17 
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18 
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һҶҽʶ1933ҽЧʵʽұʱǰ֪ͨ𺳡

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ʳ½½˿ӣе齹ǵŶӵİգеһǴȥġ
ÿӲŹǣѸٷŽԼҶҪҪȥ
ҶһҲû˳Է£˺ͰҲˣͷȥôһĲǹ߻Ҳ԰æ
⸴·ϣԭŶӵİǶ㵽һ飬·룬һźƷĺһŻƷվš
ƷǰһѲǹָŶѲƷҲһһ´ɱһǹ˾ǹŶ档
浱ֻǹӵ˭Ҳ˭죬үүҾҪǸҲҿҪһҲ´ɱǹһɵģ˵仹´ɱһڣöɫѿ
ҶһǵʱԺ쵼ҲˣʮֻҽԺԺһ󸹱ˣһ·Сܣ˿ǹϵ׸˲
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Ժ쵼ԿǸһ´ɱһ־ǹˣС٣ҺǺѣҸӣһòã
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Ժ쵼СɫȻÿˣƽǿԺо쵼ֵܵģüСѲ˾Ȼһӡ
˫Ľڼ۳һûаǹԽԽԷˣ󸹱Ժ쵼һˡ
ˣ
ˣ
ѲѲ߶һ㶣漴ֽš
ѽֳˡ
ȻͶӲ֪ôģϺоߣԺ쵼˵ˣǺѣһʱ嶯ֺѸˣһиôСԱԼ´ɱˡ
ѲҲûõĶȥڷ翪ôҽԺĸϲ쵼ûйϵΪʲôѲǻά򰡣ΪԱкûάֺã˼Ժ쵼ˣǸǹеĻš
զ찡
´ɱСԱһۣͬʱתҽŵķͬһ÷һñ˵Ϻ󺰣ҽ
鿴ܵģҽǣ𷢱۴һ״վڲԶԵøۡ
ǸȻҲԼˣǹܵǰקһߴŷģһԺ쵼εķܡ
ԶҶһ˼״Ҳ˹ȥ
Ժ쵼εĵطһڴؿ
´ɱһֹҽ𣿡һҲĿƵض
Ȼһʹ
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ƽʱͺȥˣΣĿҲ˻ɵɫʣҪһ
˵ԼվɻĿ⻷һܣҶһϡ
Ҷ
Ҷһ˹
´ɱСԱҶһأԵʮָˣҶҽҲأϽλ쵼°ɣַժҵͷɡ
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Ǹ´ɱ
Ҷһ΢΢ü
СԱҶһصĿ䵽Լ´ɱϣʶҶҽʲôæµģԭǸԭǸѾˣ
ҶһСԱŵʱȻ
ƽȡ
óƽȡ

Ҷһ۾УֺƲɨλԺ쵼ĸ֫ѡ
Ժ쵼ĺѸټһ£ȻܿƽôӵùҶҽ۾
վ
ԳѪɵʣΣ˭һƴҶһ˵
ԡԳѪΣԴǺúõģôͳѪأûѪ´ɱԱҲСţŵͶİˡ
ҶһûشĻ÷˵һ飬ȻǸҲɫ䣬չͽǸԺ쵼ͷ򵽵Ѫˡ
ǱģλƽӦиѪѹĳһ̼ѪҺڳѪԹȲʱͻ
Ҷһһ·ĺͻ·Ķ
ҶҽþȾˣȻȻҵȥֽˡСſ޳ˣѲӳһҲһɥ䶼ˣһ˵ģ
ѲǱǺòȥǸһ߶Ҷһߴ˵ŷϣҶһܾˣһ߽µǸùѪͷ
ҶһִӵվƤһôô˵òֹѲѲߣڵϵĳ˶Ƥ˲
֪żˣһҪֽһҪҽ˵飿԰ողһǹԷά򰡣ƻľǡ
ҶҽԼôôùĶһЩͷһСӡ
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㡣ҶһתͷǸöĵǲ˵ǰɣ˵ǹʹȤһ˶۸ѵˣʲôֵ㻤ŵģⳤԵǰɡ
Ҷҽˮƽҽʣ˵λʱһһ뷨м仹żӢģӣȻˡ
ˣˬʱƴҲˡ
˼״ҪæҶһһֹˣ߻ɵվŵˣǻҪС첲Сȵİǰ̧ȥɡ
Сź̷Ӧһһңһ̧һֿ̧Ŀİؽ̧ƴϡ
˳ģҶҽҡͷҪʲôëʹȥû£һ̧Ҫ̧ë
ϻһºͣǿЭͬЭͺܺҶԵһ뷹ͬһ£Ūһ
ŵͷ˵ˣҶҽصͷѧĹ׻ǲ갡


022 
ǵſڡ
ҪСźǸɫ԰ˡ
ҶҽĿȹˣԺǰǵȶӣͷϳװƷġ
˵Ŷһ֣ɡ
վСһָָԼң
Ķ䣬һֱѪ
һ¶Ͳ˼ɫڰ֣òãҲãȸλɣûҾûˣ¡һһ£ɥؼҾͲһֻˡ
ۡ
ҶҽûһľܾкӢ˵˿ڣ룬ҩõ㣬Ǽԡ
ԿһŶ䰡µսء
û⣬ҶҶһر˸OKƣƾҪȥ÷Ϲߡ
һԵİ¼״̲סڵ䣬ҪɡƤϣʮҲȲ
һľ컹ᣬǳϵģҽټ֮ġ
ΪԼô˵ĸԱȻ߸˵ذѹһȥˣȻ߰ΪҽԲ˵ȵģϾķϼ̫ˡ
־ȥӹķϹߡ
Ȼһأ̧°ƳһۣʩʩȻˡ
ˣ
£
²ĸȥ治ˮƽ˼Ҷ䣬е㲻̫˵ɡ
飺о仰ʿյĿ࿴㲻
һڼͨͨߵһǰ
ѲӳһܵʶáĴҽԺҽվǰʣѡһѡ
ҶһضԴݸһЦһƴ
ڳ־ӣֻҶһغˡ
ûˣ˲ƴҲǺ۵ġҶһƴߵӡ
ƴϵ˱۾һ

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е˷һӦһãתȥ׼ˡ
ƴϵƤԶһ£ûж
װˣҶһЦУװҪ˭ס
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ԳѪӵĿʶؿ˹ͺͺԴһּͬеҵ˵ҺͷûͷѪĵطײٰɡ
ʱ򣬺ܶҽ֪ʶûռƩ˵ԳѪһ˶ʶΪԴѪ

ҶһسһƴλԺ쵼ͷϵ͵ĵкͣΪŵԵʣǸ򿴹ǹͺͺһƬ
ԣԴͷˣúܡҶһЦ
СԴʿˮЩ͵ʵԴп
װβԴӾԼ￪ʼϷˮôʶʲ꣬Ҷһ״ӣԼĽźЩ
Ҷһغ˵Żƴһ˵Ծ
Щˣһô˵š
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ǸҽļҽԺģ֪װģͷԴԴе
ʱҲҺˣʮֻҽԺʿӢ̫ˣ׼ʹͼҩȻ˵ʲôд˵㼡ҩȥˡͷЩעӦùˡ
һε߽ߵƴߣλԺ쵼֣ģҲ̫ˣҰ
ҶһƴϵƤҶﵹ
ʮ
š
ˡ

飡ƴϵ˵Ĵֱۺ͵
漴һʮ
ʲô̫ྲңһҽ˵ľҲô˼״ӣ
У㣡ƴһٰʮغ͵Ӵ졣
Ŀֱָӣʲôûͷⲻͷ𣡡ָָԼԱһȦŨܵͷСᣬôá
ӣԲԲҲǹġæصǸ

Ժˡ
С˾ȵģԺҲ˼˵ȥˣ㡣
Ҫ־͹ȺӣȻһӶҡ˵άģôά𣿻ǹأҲúøһ״ҾͲ򣡡
λԺһ˵һȥԼĺ󱳣ֻ̫ӷˣָ첻档
Сӣ£ǵһҡҶһ˵
УĻңҶһǰλԺĻҡ
СļҽԺģʱӦղǸҽǰɣǸʱһΪҪءҶһʵ
ոҶһصıɶڶΪĳҽسˣû뵽ȻôһʮͷСҽ
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ҶһЦǼúϵʵϰ˵ӦķӦſأոǽŵգôһɾˣ
⻰Ҷһ˵õģ͸ոǸգһһʱᶼˣλԺ쵼һɣֱ֮ʡ
ԼıҲ⣬ͿϧֻһΣþͲ鿩»ءԣո˵ʲôʵϰ
һʵϰ
ԺĻû˵꣬ǰͷ˵˵һֻͬʱ顢ºһӰǰ
ԺһʶҪƴɣƴĸ߶Ⱥһ㴲ĸ߶ȲһһֺĳһʱᾹȻȥ
ۼһҪܣ漴һܵ档
Ҷҽ״棬ܵ쵼ˣӦǾˡ
Ժ߸նã˾̤񣬰¿տҲƴֵʵλʮֻҽԺ쵼أ
ŶҽԺҽˣʮֻҽԺԼԺ쵼˵ʲôҲֲһʵϰҶһƳһ΢΢ζ磬˵
Եͷ⵹ҲǣԼԺ쵼εԼҽԺſڣҪôҲֲԺҽ
Ҫ롣˸λһ£һõһҶ˵ǽѵҾͲˣ룬ҧһѧã˵Ļһֲѧ˹
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ڰ»ɵĿ򶨵ؽ롣
ܺãɵӳϸĶﴩУˮ˿
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ų뱻ǿϸĶߣȻû˵ȵȡ֣һȻ󲽿˳ȥ
ųͷһλðĿʵҶǲǻ˵ʹ񾭺ǲһǷҧһ۵𣿡


023 
ˣˣСӣҶҽҪס汻ˣװģסεģ
˵꣬λԺƴƽ˫ֽƽڶϣװˡ
Ҷһأ
Ͱһ𾪣ָŴܳƴӣͬʱڵ
Ҿ֪Ȼװģ顣
˵ʮֻҽԺҽ𣿡ǰ¡
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ھͰߡ
ո򲻵ѣԵʱϷȥƽϢ췽ʽǵʱǵʱڣ߶侲ˣλԺһҲ½쵼Ķ
ҶҽΪ΢ᣬɲͽЩ쵼ǵ
˵ţҶһؾơǸλԺصģûֱӴǰͷƳȥҽԺ¥ơ
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ֻ˵ùĻȿˮ죬λԺʵôҶһظհƵ棬ͺλŮʿһ첽ͬеĻм˺ͼλ齹ҽ
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Ҷһأ
ɲ¡
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ҶҽӣΪʲôЩʺϵ쵼ģҲ߼·ˡ
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֣λҽæǰȻ󡭡ͬʱ¶ɻı飬˵ˡ
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ҶһرʾԼҲΰЦЦڵԺиѪѹëոΪԭʱѪѹʱԻʣҺûûԳѪԹĵز
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Ҷһضó飬ôܿᴦҲûв𴩵˼תͷһۣӳСԱͬ絽һ㣬ɥ߳
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⣡ԺǸҽһʹƴʾӰ־Ϸš
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죡
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ʲôˣôͻȻأڴãȻѾˣҲװˣƿռҽڵ˽ȥ
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ᴦˡ
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˾ͷˣʲô£ҩҩˣ˵һ΢Ůˣͷһøֵģ
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ᡣ
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Ҷһϡһһ߱ԹͿҩģǲҩرҪȥҩʿղգ
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ҽλϣģ̱ҽһ£ֻᱻø磬ʱҽ˿òȡᣬ̵ͦġ


024 
ȥTMȡᡣ
ҶһͻȻ˳ȥ
Ҷ
Ҷҽ
ҶһؾԴӴѧҵʹûôˣԣǰתʱܹʱÿһӶڸܣȥԼߵܵĻǹġ
ķ˿˿ζûһ˿۹İһƬѹֵĻƻҺԵøĿ
ŮʿҶһܵǸŮ
ԱҩصĶŮӾ񿪿ڵıˣļúҽԺң
Ҷһصеˬʣִųʿеļᶨ͸ɴ࣬иȾ˵
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Ҷҽһµı飬ͷȻûһ˿ˣȻˣҲˣ鷳תԺһԼµˣҪװĻ鷳װһ㣬ѲǱ߿ûô˵
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СžԱƨƨߵظߣһ߻һ߲˵֣Ȼ֪ǸԺװģҵСܲܲذͿҽˣһ˺ѽ
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ʰ꣬Ҷһ˶ҪؼúϣǼúҽԺʵĳȥˣԼ˴ȥʮֻҽԺ¥绰г⳵
ʱڣϺΪĳ1908˳⳵⼸һ˴ͳиǷͷʢ绰гϡ40000üǵĺ룬ʹò˶ڴ40000
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ЦǺǵؿڵýгˣǰɣǼúϵһβΪˣ˵ʲôҪʾһ¡
ҶһʶҪܾ죬鷳Ժˣ
˵˵
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ȻѾӦˣҶһҲû취ѣһףҲûʲôԱǵġ
ԺĳһǳɫѩʮɫΪĽֵϻǼ۵ġ
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Ҷһ˵һ䣬ȻҪӦһᣬʱ˽ҶҽͼƼԷϺժΪֲ޲һӱ˼·
˵һһ̸ֽҲһ߹ģȻжϳҶһȻԻͦߡ
ԺԽԽ˷ܣͻȻڵҶҽп𣿡
ҶһЦһʦʱҪæʱһͦյġ
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˵ǳǿҶҽϱӵʱҲشȥָϾʹͷ˵ٳʣλҽԺԺҲһʵϰҽֲٵİɡ
ллԺл˵ΪϿҡ
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磬ͣڼúҽԺǰ
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ԺЦȻʩʩȻϨͣҲӼʻ
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ղײգôģ컹һĩʱ価ˡָͷţԼĴüˡ
Ҷһأ


025 
úҽԺƵĿǲڣΪҪԼҽѧԺ飬ɸ޲ҽֿճ
²С޲ɫӵؿҶһء
ҶҽԲ뿪ҽԺ޲ҽ˵
ϺҽѧȦӾôҽ֮󶼶ʶ޲Ȼ̸ʮн飬Ҳʶˡ
ԺԼˣ
һʵϰҽ̨ƭҲҸһĽڣ
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ȻƲݵɣ˳ٲҪתԺиʮֲ
޲˵꣬ɴҶһغüۣһòͦſٲĴӻҪתԺʵϰҽмֻ

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޲Ӧ÷ǳˬ죬Ȼһû˼Ǻ档
ҶһһۣûзӦҶҽΪһѵĲһȫµ˼·ϣȥλѡ
ȫµ˼·޲زʲô𣿡
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ҽ֫ӲԱ֢10ףΪ䲿ֽϳöĤܴﲻԤЧԽϴ󡣡
Ҷ˵ţںڰϻһƽ̧İ
ɲ䲿λȷпڡ
һ˵һλNпڣгпڡɶǺпڡ񾭽гпڡ
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ΪüСҽҶһϰ߽ϸؽͬʱϵһֺð顣
޲ؿҶһضźڰһ߽һ߻ͼģ۾⻭ģֱֱӰᵽ̿ȥˣ
ȣȡ޲ȡ
ҲҶһصİ飬Ϊʿ˽ⲻ޲ˣṹȴǻʿҲҪѧģڵʵϰҽôͼĸӡˢƵġ
ΡȻ
ȥҽһ˵Ҫá޲غ´Ҷһأŵرᡣ
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Իժͷʮҽ˵·ֲ򵥵СΪǴһոµĴš
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ҶһسƬ̣ҪԼˣĽۡ
ͷɿ죬У㣬ɢ


026 
ģ磬紵ߵܷһġɡ
һ߽״Լһ߷ɿ¥Ҷ㣬»ҪҪˣ
Ҷһһ·һ߹ؾؽ״ӵĿŤһţưҶҽһζ²һ΢
Ҷ
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Ҷð˵̨͡
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Ҷ춼ʥҽҴ㣬˵ǵĲΪ¶ˡº˴緹ҲҶһԱߡ
ҧһʳ³ĴصƵĿɪ˵иͷСһǻжµãһǹĳ쵼ţ˽ӲǰԺ
˵꣬̾ϢһԺԼ棬Ҿ÷ƤҲôԽܵˡ
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Ҷһò˵һллһʿġҼҵܵܿɰˣľ߽úҽԺơ
ҽԺһǳĿңҵĲǱѹ֣ߵĻʿﴫĻЦͺӵĿְæҵľĳʹ¥ˮζƱ
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Ҷһߵƴߣұֻ֤һܿɰļķɫߣԲ̡
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ȻʸҲǴϻͷһأǸɶٴΣ޶ȵĿ£ȵؽ룬룬ηϼ⡢Ĥ֬Ƥߺ˿Ƥ䴩С
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ҶһػëһʱϰԵؽ⡣
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ԲΪʥҽԺƿ˹һԶǵһҽøˡ
ֿ˸ǽŵס˺һСԼ̫ӰҶһصķӣ컹ҪȻأ


027 
ԼĪʮӺҶһطһ룬һԼϱֲʱûôŹ
Ժˡ˸СᣬƤ룬βҶһضŽŮ˵
ոҶһڷУλֿŮʿסģʵ̲ס˲żڣǸ˿ģҶһض
ֿŮʿҶһصĻ͵ؾɿˣһΪ̫оӶҳ鶯˼¡
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⡭
㿴ⶫִͷһ·ȥǣûе˵ȥɡ

ҶһŽͿһӼҵּۻۣ뻹ڷһƳɵĹģԲϻ̲һĽͲ

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ܴͷͦŸĿ⻷ܣƺҺʵλã¿ӵҶһʱ͵һͣɷıҲάֲסˡ
θۣ


028 
ҶҶҽͷ´żܣĿİͰͲŰѳƺ˳
ҶһؼܴͷǺܾϲⱲʵϵĵһˡ
ͷôͳԺˣθ𣿡
ܴͷ¶һȿ޻ѿЦݣţöˣˣллҶҽˡ
Ҷһº͵ЦҲע⣬΢ɵڣĲҪԡ
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أֵøһƵģҪںǣҷǵúú˵˵ǲɡ
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󴦳ԲͷҶһأҶһذصͷϲᣬ΢û˵
ĸˣܵʻҶһغں档
ԭܵǰСԱܵ쵼棬ʱӽҶһغˣλþЩˡܲСԱܵȥͷҶһһ飬ܵԸµص˼ʻԱ
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˵ҶһغŪүӣN·ֲóӲĤǻȫ鶼Уһҽݲ˻Ըѡ
үӵԸǺȷˣҲӲĤֻҶһ˽ΪүµһĸԣŶҽ˵սԵġ
үûᣬ¾ôŪȥˣȫ꣬ˣүҲܰô
ֻǿϧˣүӼԺãûŪȥ


036 
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æͷǰһҶһصλá
ԺСʿ˵֭ʱ˶䣬ҶһתȥңҲͷĹ˵һ䣬ȥæһ·߸Ҷһسȥˡ
˸̾ĳչת۵̱ĳʹҰ˵ʹ֮ΪһֱֶܵΡ
շչĽ׶ΣҽҽΣ˭˭Ҵַʮִ
ԭʼġʽ1872ˮȩ1903İͱסûкֱ֢
ү˵սų̂ˣȷʵûרŵҽҽûоרҵѵ
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սϣܶսʿԸʹҲԸҲ
Ҷһشѧѡεʱѡγ̣˵ΪĻᣬȺַȻȲרҵҽǱʮҽǾϸ̫ˡ
СҶǴӦҸ֭ģأҪʵģҲõİҶһһңүʮҽı顣
Ҷһص۾úͿҽϣҽеͲҶҽټЩ졣
Һ˿ְ
Ҷһߵүߣʹû֭ӲĤǻ
үԣһҶһأʧ̾˿֭һ֭֭һʹȻȫ
ҶһأүӻȻĶȫأȺĳЩŻѧƷоˡ
ⶫһͱˣѰս߶˰
үӵҶһҩ־һ٣ѹүһֱ֭֭ߣǰߣ߲ĵԭɡ
ŲҪʼˣЧ°벿ʧȥ֪Ҫʧ룬ҪƶȻǵҽʱһ룬˯״̬𣿡
үӴ֭ʧлعҶһı飬ҲصͷҶҽģҲȡӵ˺üˣ֪أ
Ҷһصͷͬʱתҽ˵׼á
ҽһ㶣漴̷Ӧүһ۾ȥ׼һߵעҩˡ
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ˡ

ܲܰҵĲϽСͰ͵ʵ
ѪⱻϽĶ䣬ȻûʹУƤло÷ɿ졣
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037 
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СҶСҶ
үһҶŰ޾µӲͣת⻹˯ȥ
ƤдӹɹһֱƤ㣬үӼ˵ɽѪ񾭽ϸǰδеػԾһֽоŵ̼Ԫرĵϡ
ҶҶҽ
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Ҷҽۣúõģ
үԼΪͬ͵սѺܶ׵ͻʱʱ͡ϡغۣүÿÿǱԹۣﶼɰԵ⣬ȻҲۣð
ۿɱ߹٣۱۸߹žүԼ֪
֫ѪܾΣͬʱгԻѪܵѹٽ֧ѭƤѪҺӦҶҽڲĽ͵ġ
Ҷһһ߽ͣһүѹڶȷ׵ƽλã漴ȷڵ12߹ĩ룬ƽȶ˿ؿ·
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ô
ǽʳ˰Сʱ𣡶̨֮ǰһβŶã
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Ŷүӣڵ״̬ܺãֻġҽжᶨؿڵ


үӱͨ죬ʵ̲סˣ
ٲ˯ȥӾ͵ϲˣ
һƬžҶҽ񾭹񾭸ڵԲŲҸոǣܵʱ΢һЩҪϲĴñӦû򡣡
Ҷҽ˿ߴ񾭸·ţͬʱһ䣬ԡ
ү־ҵTMĿԣҶһֵµЩӣһ߹ȥȥԣʲôԷŲŵĳ𣿣
үӼٶҵĺȻӰѪԼдȣҶҽԿ˷һ¡
ж񾭽ں񾭽ҽ֧ͨҶҽСؽүӵܸλ
ˣԺ鷳пڡ
Ҷһر˸OKƣվүпλá
ϵͬʱҶһͬʱ֫
ΪûоȷѪܲʳCTѪӰү̨пȷȫƾҽٴ飬Nɶ̽ʮϸһ©һ㣬Чʹۿˡ

еʿ̽ӹҶһСһš
Сһŵŷ콳ǰԵпĤͬʱ󷽡
񾭺ʹӶ¶ҶһСƿǣпռĤʳѪʡ
ˣˣµġ򰡣ҼǵҲ̵ϰߣҪ䰡⶯ģƴתͷ˵
ϵ־һ٣ϣˣ
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ҲǰȾƣиѪѹ˴˱˴ˡûӦİõؼ룬ˣϸİҲв٣һģȫ¡
Ŀ㼡ֹǸŲЩడ˵ţؽŲȫжϡ
ҶҽıĿ㼡Ե̽Nǰֺ齺Ƭ
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С齺Ƭֺš
ڷϣҶһصĿƴǸ֪ҽתһȦָָλ֪ҽʾ齺Ƭ
ɶĲ̽һ޶ֻڹɾ͹ֻʳɶǳҶҽֱͷһԱȥϡ
ȥͷϷĽȡ
˵Ķ¾˷ϣᣬߣĿתؿҶһصĶ
ƴȥٴμһķȷѾڲӰµǶȺ󣬲Űĵػ˸޾׻ص֪λϡ
ҶһŴг̣һһţһпڣ˵ĺһأһһһһ
޾үӻŸ߿ִ̼ƤĸоǹƨӲ
ȲλĸУУͨͨ⣡
ӵɽѪ
ǹӶ
Ĳ⣡
ţĶ
Ҷҽš֮ԭ뷨ʮĵض⼸ǽʽĹؼ
ĽȡԲѴʳҶһһ߽⣬һϵĶ֧Ҫȫضϣͬʱ
֧һھ0.5״ضϡҶһСָ˱ȣ룬Ķ϶ҪȡҪղͺñģȾ͹
ҶҽԼСүȴ˱ȣ⵽ľ룬Զһ㣬÷Ԥ
Ҷһһ˵ţһߡꡱȡ˴
˿ʵĻ΢΢ڲ̾Ѫ˿ϣ⼸ǿһµ򿪡
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038 
ǽϵӡδδ𡱵ţҽԺһ¥СøˮϴŴ
齺ƬԲͷǻעˮջũһϲõؿŴڸˮĳϴ¾ȵչ
û©ѪɣҶһһƱƤһ߷ʵ
żϵĴû©ѪҲû©Ѫ飬ǳ
˺Զ˱עãҪǺˡǺϾǰѴȥѾĹNеѪҺá
20mgأעҶһؽݹȥеʿùѾעҩע
ɶעغ󣬡Ѫǯ
ѪǯеϹܶͬʱսǳϴ
Ѫ˲䱻ϡ

ʱ豸ͬնͬһ̨ҶһؼҪľܱ֤С
СԻʿǰزȥҶҽͷϵĺ
ҶҽĶͷúÿƤŮҪ֡
û𣿡Ҷҽüͷ΢塣
Сԣ
ٻҾˣСԻʿ˲ҶҽĶͷʵ
ܶǰпͬʱԶĶпͶǰڿǺϵĽǶȡ
˵ĺٴαû

˿ڶ;֮赸أ룬룬һϳַϷҶһؽ̹ⷭϷ
ҶһصĶѪǺγһƯ30Ƚǡ
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ʱѪǯǯƣѾõѪͬ˵̵ˮѸٳ
Ѫĳ쳤չҶһָ˸ʵĳȣѪǯ
ٴѪ

ȡʺϵĳȣȥǣҶһؽһNǺϣڴǻڽֻʣǳĺ
ԣڷ쵽ʱҶһͣ˶
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NֺٹɶҶһȥǯ
˽ŶڴУûϵѪ֮ˮ˲˴
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Ҷһ⣬ԺΪأĻһ˸ոջڻԴִ˹
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ȥķģҶҽʵĸ߿Լ30ª豸£һ˰̨·ֲҶȥˡ
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үһʱĽѾʯࡣ
ҾӲܶһҪôţү΢΢ֱӣؿԼʯ̶һܶȡ
ѽȶʯడ

Ҳûɶ˯һˣҾ˵ǴС֣ΪأҺôҲ˶ģЩ˵С˼С˼
үһ߱˴Ƴһߡ̸塱̸Լ
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ʱҵžͿˡ
үӵƴ߰˸ҽͻʿžȥ
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ܳɹסԺ£Ҫע߻֫ѪҺѭͶȻЩҽá
Ҷҽƴβ̵ϸߵүһۣңЧȥ˻ʹʵܲ˾͸߻ʿ̨ʿ̨ϵҽʵʹơ
үԣҶһ˵̰ڰ֣СҶСŲˣŲǹӶ٣ôӵ
ֱ˱ȣôؿڣҺҵȱ˳ƫô֣ȻھͼŲˡ
ҶҽֱСҶˡ
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Ҽ೤λ÷ǳ׼ûƫơҶҽһ˵
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үӵ棬ҶһؼȻˣ̹ȥãκʹҩƷٶһ𺦡
СҶҽ⻰Ӧҽڡ
ƴ²رЩʲô¼ȫµĲͬڴͳģ˲ԭģ壬ڻǵøϽѹؼʼ
Ǹ֪ҽҶһһ̨֪˼ҽʲô֣Ҳʮʶ֪࣬һȺиǰû˵ķݣǷǳҵذһ˵Ľɫ
ŲЩ㣬ԺҽԺſڵСƷȥɡ
ӴҶһ֪үǰӵˣôˣүӡ
ʱһЦºŮ𣬡ģ壬ҳȥɣҽ˵˵ҪЩʲô
Ҷһȥ漴̫Ѩ̳鶯¡
Ů˵ԭļ￴̫Σ¡
Ȼ⣬ҶҽĿƶߣȻҲڡ
ųӲרõ֣ȥתǼӻʣ֪ġҶһԼ侲ػش


039 
һֳ˲һƬž
εվԭأ˵
үؿھţ촽΢Ŀ⻷ܣƴҶԡ¡һҽԱһʮСҶ
Ӣĩ·䣬غա
ҶҽϲҪר£ʮȥЩйصסԺĸλһרģүӵܡ
ӦûʲôöʮСʱ㴲ҲҪˮܻҵñȽҪϢԼҪһ¡
õĺõģҶҽллллʮָлץҶһصҡΣĸм֮顣
ˣûʲôƲȥɣһʿ̨
Ҷһ˵ʱȫ̵ͷڿϵļҪ仨ҶҽͷŰʵʵֻ¶ֻʹ۾
Ҷһزûλϵĸ׵׼
ĸضҶһǶӣڸҶǱߣҶһǺһ㣬ԭܿףҶҽú
ҶҽԹߵĽǶȿԭҶһʮָӵˣʱʱײλҶϱֵ쾡¡
ͳ̼ңСܵʽսڼ忹ֱѧȴĸ׵İӭضš
ﻹһСҶԱѧľµĴæҶҶ⧲ҶҶҶӣʱֵսʱڣȻǼԣλҶ֮ļΪᶨ˾ʳҪЮΪ
ҶԺͼһͬҶԱѧҶԱǰΪҶһȻѧ֮ڽһʱŵԵ˼ԸæŮ޽ǾضҶ¡
̫̫˵ףֻҪضһӣ˾Ҷ̫̫ضǱҶ̫̫ͷȥģ˭֪һ̥ľǸŮޣض޲檲檵ҶҴ˺üꡣ
´Ҷ֪ˣҶ־ͬϵ£Ϊ׷ʱİ飬һһ޵ĳŵƶȣӼһʱͷ
ӣλҶĸһ޶ϵв£ضͬ˷ҶҴլĺϷˡ
ǻײ˼ɹϹأһʺͿˡ
ȥɣ¿ܲ㡣ҶǿһĨЦݿڵǴεա
֡ʵҿüȥž⻰ûгڣͼҶѾת첽뿪ͰʣµĻ˻ȥ
֣ȻزžЦŽ˻ʿСԵλãȥүӵƴ
үӻҶһ˵ġĴŹӵУĬĬѸϵ̺ŲŲˡ
Ҷһûиȥֵסϸӵı飬ĸضǱߣҶߣҶҽ֪Լ⡣
ҶҽȻûרҵϵĸɴ䣬Ͼϣ˵
ǸոҶԻ°ϳˣҶһҲˣԾԣƫƫȴǼ治ʶ
ӣ治ʶ
㿴ҪͬĸףҶҽΪСү̾˿
¼дһ룬Ҷһص̾ʶرתͷҶһһ۾ͷģɺشչͷ
Ȼ󡭡ͿļϵͿѻ
ҶҶҽ
ҶһԻع
εؿѾԼ߰ļո£СĻˣ鷳ٲһݡ
Цû⣬ҶҽﻹмϸûŪܲ鷳ȥһҵİ칫ңҽ⽲⡣
ȻԡҶһӦ÷ǳѸ١
ת˸¥¥ȥ
㿴ʲôأò¼ҶһֱλҶҽüѵ
ҶջԼĿ⣬˿ԼĸףЩɵؿڵ裬ҶҽеϤ
Ϥһ㶣漴ЦЩҽöһλҶҽȷʵ˵㣬Ű˵Ϻúϵҽôôǰ;
Ҳ˼Ǿ۾еһءҶţᣬ⻰˵Լš
ָ˵Ҷͷó
ˣ˼ģֵҪ
ǻҪȥүү𣿡
죬ȥȻҪȥ߬˷űºе֣üǰùȥ
Ҷ̾˿ֻøϡ
үӲǵ˼䣬ʿѾ»˴ףžĽ˲ͷҶһؾȻûиϣһأôûϣ
ҶҽأСԡ
СԻʿˮƿϣͷոձˣΰ칫Ұɡ
ͷλͦ顣
ƴƵ˲ԣһүӱȵ̧˲ϡ
֣ʲô𣿡žʵ
үӱ¶ȫ¶رµûš
һ£ؿ壡ʶػͷ
ӿڴͳүؿڣôۣʹǴʹû֢״ʲôģ
ߣүذƿȷʵ뵱սϵʱ򡭡
ˣүӶô뵱ˣǾûʲôˡ
žĺŵķˣԺһİۣ󲻿òͷϵ´ɱԼ˱ˮٶٶٵùȥһ󱭡
ӵӲҲʮ־ϸӦû⣬£ǰˡ̾
žм壬ҪллҶҽԭΪүⱲӶҪˣû뵽ܿһ졣
ͷ⼸رס뵱ꡭͷҫõ˵£ᣬžĺ֪ԴŲк󣬾ᵽˡ
⼸Ƶ˵Ƿǳ˵ġ
ҸʮĽ飬õ˵ллҶҽȷʵҪЩ˼ٹҪСҪ粻ˡ
ԶԶԣ˵ҶҽϼҲںǣĸ˶ҵŰݷһ¡žĵ
⵹û˵ʡ
˵⻰ʱºҶǡɴӲſ߽
ߵÿ죬ˣҽڿԺȼ𣿡
Ժһۣܺȡ
žԼҶһҸˣæվ½㣬Բסеæͷˡ
ʲôģѵҪкҡߵͷǰ򿪱ºУ
࡭
࡭
үӵıӶ˶Ҳ˶θʾҲʼԴڸ
˺ôЦ
үӣʲôЦģѾʮСʱûԶˣӽл
ߣһ뼦ɹڳ˵ĺøС
һߣҶԳҽԺſڱָȥǸרӻꡣ
ҰɡƽӻҶԿСƣ˵ͷûˡ
ѣԲҩˣҪԵġҶ߽ӻʱ򣬹̨ǰվһźӵ긾Ů͵ϰ˵
ҶԽ긾Ů͵ػͷ¶һ˿ɫ
ϰ壬ûвרõϲ֡ҶԻ˱ԣ˵⻰¶һ˿˼
ŮԼ״ȥٴתͷϰ壬ģҵĶ
ϰԣȻˡ
ŵĥҩ۵ģҩĥɷۣ˹ȥܳŶãͿ˵ˡϰ彫һСɵĶݸ긾Ů
긾ŮӹЦŵͷǮͷȥˡ
ҶԺؿŮߵķ򣬡ôߣ
ϰӹ̨ײóֽݸҶԣҶԵŶкţųȥͨҽԺء
ҶԴϣ˵أҽ˵ܽˣôôá
ǮϰӹֽʵʵҶҪߡ
ʱ
֣ҶǽȥģûԻ档
һŲԶҶȥ֪ʲôʱСſðһȺƷģͷǸ࣬һɷ
ȫΧһֻӬ׼ҷɳȥҶͷô˵
߰˸Ա룬ﶼǹϰҶͬʱһ
٣٣Сûϰ弱æӹ̨ӭȥ
ȻƷǸϰ˵ʲôͷĻ˻֣Ա˲ֿʼ

ž
ԱǵĶ˵ƻԵģԳƲᣬҶüͷֱ塣


040 
ᡭ֣ûûС
źƳһˣͬеطˣŸմСݳϾҪȥˡ
ǣͷŵģ϶ֻӬûɳ
û˳˽ȥ
֣϶ȥŮͨ籨ˣźƳɰָͦҶն˵
˵ţ첽ǰһҶʵʵĶ
١ϰ忴źƳɵĶֹ
źƳɼ״¸ȷ˼֣֣Ҹ˵϶
һ˵һ߿ٲֽ
ѵص
ӻĿôһ˲̡
һ۵ι״иĹϳĶתͷźƳɡ
źƳɵ۾ɵϴ󣬼һ飬͵ؿӵϼι״Ķ
򿪸ӣ￴
û
ţ
ӣһȥ
ܴͷתͷȥűЦͬеĺǾ죬ʮĺ챻Ĺˣܺˡ
źƳɣһǸܴͷͬеЦӲǰѲĵźƳɸק˻
棡ҵкţʱһСԱܹ񣬴
ĿһӣܲԶ鳤Ƕܱһ㣬ȥ׷
ǣλΪ鳤ĺǾͦӦӻ֣Ա
ϰ壬ǰǸźӵ긾Ůʶ𣿡鳤뿪תͷʵϰ塣
ϰʱ²ʲôˣɴضڼ
ϣٰǵһμ˵ҲǺǻǱǱߵĿ
ʲô𣿡
ˣҩĶǼҵҽԺӻЩõĶ򣬱ǸרϰָָźƳǸֱŮҩ
ҩǸʧȥõģŮĻ˵˲ˣԲҩ˲ģһТأλոҲԱߣ֤
ĿٴҶϡ
˵ĿϣҶԳڵλ٣ǲǿ뿪ˣ
ûתͷʵϰ壬һôʵģ
ֱʣϰǼҩȻ˵У˵Ǽʲ֮ġ
Ħֱı̣վſʵģ߽ʵģߵǺ˵ģֱ߹ȥģʱ̬Σ˵ûк
һһʵõϰе£ȺɷĺƷֻ˼ѸٷӦ˹
ֱ߽ģԣô֪ǵкŵģû˵˵ðɣͦġ
Եͷߣ߳ţſȦʱʱ￴
٣ǲǿˣһߵҶԵɫȻס
û˵һԵܴͷ͵һۣ㣬û˼
Ҷû
֣Ҿûˣ˵²źаԵҽ쵹ۿˣҪȥ쵼ô̵ܽ˵ģ
͡
͡
СԱ̲סЦ
㡭ǣҶָܴͷҪ˵
̧ͷܴͷܴͷȻ
ٺЦһЦһߴӿڴͳһ˵ĲҶԣλϣ찮ȥȥģ鷳ڰ㡣
˵꣬ҲֱҶԵ
ҶŭĿԲҪȥĲȻܴͷĶ죬֡ꡱһҶԵֻ־ͱס
ҶԾӣҲǵؽľԱǼǿͿģܹӵʱöͷ
ֳɹܲЩ˵ʲô顣
תͷһһֱĬľ졣
ӻΪģԲĵͼһܴͷϵǾ֣ٵһȺһѵӦþڸ
ܴͷ۾һȥģˣϴܸҽΪɶ
һֱ׷˷üĿ˲٣ܴͷһۣȻټؿڽ䡣
ӻ͵ģͷߵ߹̨һβٵľ룬㲻ȷûУվſʻߵʣ
ŮҪҩɲʲôĶһӻ̶Уȴֱ߽ˣˣ֪кš
˵ʲô
ܴͷ
ܴͷƤ˲˵˵ҵϤϰѣ
ϰ٣ģĲʶ˰ҷģʮ˴ģ
̫Ѩ
ԼʲôԼ֪ܲ𣿱ʲôϣء
ҵ꿪ʮˣǸӼ̵ģΪҽƷҲЩϰ廹ûôΪ˷ƭɡ
̤ҵǰ˺ǾԱҵĻʱܴͷҲһԵģֻⲻӡ
ԶԶԣ쵼˵öԣǼ꣡Ķ֪ǼҶʵˡϰæ˵
ϰû˵ѵĻ˵Ů˴˽⵽Соϰ˵Ů߲һŮ˱һ߰ĺӣ߶·
仰˵ŮӦþס⸽ͨ˽⵽ҵ֣ҽ֮ǰͼӵؿܴͷһۣӹĻ
áͷ
Աߵͬ˵һͳȥͼȥˣֳҲпҶˡ
λĻڵͣüͷ΢塣
ģԼ˵꣬Ҳ˵ܴͷһˣ˾ſȥ
µܴͷ̾˿εشӿڴͳԿ˵ĻƨɵĻҵģôôء
ٺ١һ߰ҶԽ⿪һ˵Ҫȥ쵼ǰɣҸ˵˵ͷ档
ҶĬĬѡĬ˺üأ̽
⿪һʱĻҲ
һȺˣ࣡Ҷҧ¶ݷ˵˸֡
ܴͷҲƽϣӶͳԪϰϣúˣʧ⳥
ϰ״˲ϲЦտлллл
Ҷúɸֵ˵ϰһۣ漴ϵҴֽ첽ȥ
ѾˣղҪȥҪ˵Ҫڱֽˣ
ӻҽԺܾãʱõ·ȥʱ߰˷Ӿߵˡ
ߵҽԺ¥ſڵʱҶѾصҶԣ۾һ첽߹֣ôȥôã趼żˣҳ㡣
ѽԣ·жͷôôູ
Ҷ԰ڰ֣ˣȥɡ


041 
Ҷ̧Ҷһ·ͷͬʱӿڴͳݸҶԡ
֣ɡ
ҶҶ֣Я߽
үں
һڣһڡ
ˡˡҪȥүӵıºС
Ҳүӽһء
žģ¶εɫ֣Ҫٳԣ
Ҳүӽ˵üء
Ժʱ򿴵˽ҶԺҶҶĶͻȻЦˣ㰮ȶٺȶ٣Ҳˣʹǰ⣬ȵöˣƵ򼱣˾þĶ൹¡
үż־һ١ôͻȻͲء
ҶԽֽŵŵүӴ£ְˣҪǰæģ㾡ܿڡ
ǰĲڣһй˲ϵʱҪ⼸յķʳͣ½ӻ
òãܴã͹ֺ½ˡҸ׳ԺһλԶٷ
Ҳ뿪֮ǰҶԷ򸾵ĳŵˡ
ҶЦӦģòһˡ
ֺ䣬ҶԿڸǣžĽҶ͵ڣ˵Ӱʧ̾һ
Ѿͷϧˡү˵žҪ˵Ļ
ζ¥ĴöҽԺţҶһؿҶ뿪ϰµڷˣֿһʱ䡣
Ҷҽո˵ģ쵽ʱҪȷſǯѪԭж˿ڵݺѪǰɡ
ûҶһػعͷԼϣӿͳһֽǰҪ㣬ȻЩǹؼֶˣԼ
νӹҶһеֽ¶ϲովͿԸңҲôãôʱ䡣
Ҷһأ㵢ҶһʱŲġ
һʱûǰԼģڿڴˡҶҽЦ
дΪпҶҽȻᣬһ˿ѹСС;ȡĳɾ͡
õҪغҶһһȥżүӵĲһͿ龰
⡭
ȣǾǹڿŲ״̬ǸԺǲӦûȥˡҶһһ㶼̽һ˵Ĺ˭ǣתͷȥ˵
үӼ״תûڷ㣬žСӷҪ
һΣ˵Ҫģͷ۾ͣΪҲ뿴ġ
״ҲվŰڳҩûú˯һɣҲǣҩˣ˭ϢˡҺһؾȻȥˣ͡
֪Ժ˵Ŀɲǿү̨ڶһҩȥµ۸գ˯õġ
үֻܳҩûȥ˯˯ãҲžĸղŴæҶһҵԭ
УҾͲλˣ໹ڳҶҽĳȥ⼸ҿ¾֮ˣ´λǣһϡžʵ˵
ڰ֣ҾͲˣŶˣһأҲںǵþãںǻ档
Ҷһأĺĺ
ŲϢˣβˣֶѣʲô鲻ģŲͰֿˡҶԺžֵ۽ҶҽҲظԼһ
žԽжڴϵүҲɿʼʡԼΪһﰵֹҶһصĻǲЩ塣
βˣֶѣôеƷ񰡡
żӸҶһŸĳҽԺš
ôôྯ죿
͸Ŵ岽һƷ龰ɻ
ҶһͻȻڻϵ£ﰵ룬ôģһǸ˵ķ
Ÿ뻪ҽԺԶԼĪʮӵĳ̡
һأӦ¥¥ģվĸСʱʵܲסˣ죬ȥԡӳһһԼ
׵׵ҲҽְҵˣҶһϱҲУÿһݵҪȥǿһȻͷ
Ҳˣǻȥú˯һɡʲôëûУҪúðϧġ
һ˯˴ϣ˵㶫Ըڶܿ١
յĺǿʼƮꡣ
겻ȴЩϸܣǶϸһ֦һͼԾȻֽϡ
ҶһغŸүӺž͵ĳȥҽԺϾ˼Ҽͣ̽Ӧеĵ
үѾȥڴһֻзҶһغһ£ȷүѪҺѭû⣬ҲͲٴϢ
ߣҶֳŵ¥¥ﲻԶ첻ýлư߹ȥɡϲֺͷϸζ·Ĳ࣬»ɡ
ҶһµصͷϱԴѧѧڹʮ꣬÷ⲻ
Թպ˵ʱһҲֲһźɡ
˳ɡ·ʱʱԿҴҼߵ·ˡ
Ūɶؿ
ǻϺͬһԴʹҶһغ׾·˵ĶԻ
תһתǡ
ϡתǹײһ
ΪʪģԺһƨˮʱҲ˲ԼΪײһźӵĸŮŮͺӶڵϡ
ϣԲסԲסûˤ۰ɣҽˤҪ˵ǿ԰æһ¡ԺӵվҪȥϵĸŮͺӡ
Ҷһرٶȸ죬ȷǸŮŮĿԵʱҶһؾһ㶣漴ֱܵ۱һ¡
ǸŮŮҡҡͷ
Ҷһ̻عתŮ㣬û°ɡ
ŮʮְգȴǿһЦûû£̫ˡ˵ŮҪߡ
ҶһؽɡԱһݣ˸Ůͺӵͷ
㣬ײͦ˼ģҿû֣ȥɡҶһЦ
ͷԶԶԣȥɣ䲻ܵúܣһ¾͵øð
ðŷգʱ˵ҪĴ󲡡
ŮԣȻ
ǡҽŮ´ǣĿʮ־衣
ֻŮӶİȻķͣͳҽûƣʹ˸
ŮӿֿҶһЦʱľѣ¶һ˿ϵЦ
Ҫǵĺܲס鷳λˡ
ŮɿڣҶҽŵЦ鷳ǲСײ˰㣬Ӧõġ


042 
Ҷһذɡ긾ŮͺͷϣȻҪǺͷϣŮһ첲ѱˮ·һ𣬵ҶҽǼװû
ŮûгԹӻһ򱧣úԼ꣬Ҷһصɡͺ۾һģɡŲ
긾ŮҶҽͻʵ˵һ䣬ģҾԲñܵġ
긾Ůԣһ˲ıʵʮ־ʣҶһԼʪĴӣʲô˵ֻʮֽӲ˵лл
˴ƵŪãԼĪʮӺһ۵ӿڣ긾Ůͣס˽Ų
λҽϵˣллˣ˲ڼңͲǽȥˡŮЩؿڣϹźҲ˼Цݡ
긾Ů⻰ʱڼҵŮƽ޹ʵˣڶܴ
Ҷһؿ˿Ů󳤳ӣͨ˴ôһȥܿʮʮ˼ҡ
УǾͲͽȥˣ㣬Ұɡǣû֣ҺŰɡҶһ˵ţҲ긾ŮӦֱץ긾ŮСŮһߵ֣ɡ
Ȼ
顱
ɡӦ
СŮƺòסɡ
ԺҲֵؿ˹ӣҺҪҽѽ
긾ŮԵЩţæ͵˿ˣҩģûʲôȥϢ
ԺԵͷܶҩ˯
ϵɡӿڴͳ˲ɡɡŮֱ۵ķ϶һŰɣܱá
Ů˽ӲЦЦٴ˵лл첽ȥʱһת䣬ʧҶһغС
ˣɶأǴź¥¥ֲϣʪܵģûȥ·ˡ
Ҷһתͷ࣬ҽ鷳һ˾֣ŮӦ˷ӡ
Ȼ
ոձŵСʶϺһưʦŮҸոսɡһСŮ壬ȫӦһġϷʳ񾭵ҩ
һô
ҶһִɽװϿڴͳһŻ˵ĲչԴ·߽ǳĲϣȻĸʺĴ֣Ⱦǡ
ˮڲϣ΢΢οʳָմմ֣Ȼõǰţ漴ɫ䣬Ѫ
ҸովƷǸŮ˰ѺŮǹֹһѡ
ոҶһڷСŮʱϳ椣ʱȷ椺Ǹ긾ŮĹϵ뿪ʵʱСŮѸ¿ڴһ鲼ͬʱҡҡͷ
ʱҶҽȷֻΣ긾Ůһ·־ļߣҶһûó¿ڴĲ澿ʲô
ֱɡĽʶؼ椵壬ȷСȷʵǱٳֵĺҶҽϾҪ긾ŮƷ椹ӵɡ
ɡ긾Ů·½ǰڶȻ¶һǹ
ոŮֱɡʱ۲£ֹұߣŮҲ΢΢ͻ״Ҳһǹס
ɫ䣬ߣȥ֣
ҶһؽһȥҸȥ
ȥǹֹһѣ϶ͨ˷ӣͬֹһС첲Сȵģˡ
뻪ҽԺԶҽԺ翪ʼôྯ죬֮ȻйϵŮɫҴңǷϸ㣬Ҳֻ˿ա
Ҷһض˻ﲻ֪׹ӡ
ģзִ硣
ɴ۾ȻϳǸո긾Ůϵ׹ӣʲôʱҶһȥġ
Ȼ󲻵ӦҶһؾѾܽ
Ժ״Ҳ˷ʱ䣬ҧҧתͷ첽ԶĻҽԺȥǵкܶྯ졣
ԺʮüˣѾ뱲ûôҵ˶ʮӺ󣬵һźɫƷıӰǰԺֱӯⱲӶûо⾯ĺƷôÿ
٣ԺܵǾ󣬴Ŵڵ
һͷת˹ܴͷǰǱһԺզˣˣ
ֱӣ߽ĻҲܴͷ߿˵Ƿһǹ˷ӣͬͬѾȥˣǸϽߣ
˵ţܴͷҪߡ
ʱԱߴһϤͬ飿Ҷҽ
Ժ̧ͷСᰡãСҶСӲȰҪȥǻ˿ǹ
ԣһ䣬ͬʱתͷܴͷ˵ͷ֡
ܴͷ̵ͷӡ
ԭֲڽֵľԱ˲첽ʱ߾;ۼʮλƷ
Ժ鷳˵˵ϸ˷ӣ
ȻżҲ֪ץȺרҵģǿ
·Ա·Ľ紦Ҹ˷ײˡ֯䣬Ŭü˵Ļ˵
Ҷһض˷һ̽ƶϣвȻҽȻȺ¶û¡
ͼ
ԣ̿Żĵͼó
˲ĸӣͼ棬Ժ鷳ǵǸڵͼĶ
ĵͼúϸÿСı־ܿȷǺ긾ŮֿǸӿڵλã⣬⡣
úڵͼϻ˸Ȧüͷ壬ҵط
һ缸⸽߱ˣһڵͼϱǳλãǺǵСںǵ˵ľ۾ӵأ⻧࣬Ա䶯ϵҲʮֵĮСͨ˴߿ӣ֧úǾصĵطͰ
Ⱥ˲ͨ˷ӣǹ˶࣬һ﷢ǹսЩվͻᱻʡ
üͷ壬ڵͼϻ˼㣬⣬⣬⣬Ǽȥϱһ飬Ϊ㣬⼸ڷֱȥȻźƳɣ֪ͨǾܾ֣⣬⣬ڣǰȺ˱Ƶȥ
ǣӦ漴Ѹٷֿ
ľǱתͷԺָ·Ҹߡ
һˣ
ԺСˣһʮܴͷϼʻתͷ˵
û˵ʻʾȥͬʱԼ˳
Ϊ´ݾߣûпӿڣӿʮ׵ĵطͣ£³Ҳֹˡ
ͷؾְɣҲﲻʲôæᴦ˵ʮֱӡ

ҶһӣһߣźƳ˺Ǿֺܵ㱨Ҫܵˡ
棬ҵǻ˵λˣֻܵ۾
˷ӿɲͨķŻǲǹȫΧȺµİӵȫóܵˡ
Ⱥ˲ƽӻϲո˼ҵС˵ǰлݰлһңǿлҵŹ£˷ӹˣ
ϲŭϺо¾ָ˻һˣͱһߣˣҲܶŸһݡ
ǰӺǺͯʧֵٰǷ꣬ΪλǱߵ绰ˣ绰һαһܵѹ
ǡ绰˵õϢлݰǻ˿ܵ˺ǣܵԮ˼
֣ⲻ죬Ȼˡ
ɣټ֣ܵشӦ
ȻȵźƳ뿪ܵȴټ֣ǡ
ιϰ𣿡
ͨ绰꣬ܵŲͨ¥²ǲƵĵ绰Сټ֣ʮӺ¥¼ϡ
ֵģǹͿɲһˡ
ܵȻ͹һԶ˺ӵĸĸڼӵļԼͯʧٰӰһͨ绰ȥϢͨ˷Ȼ򾯾ֶ


043 
ÿ죬ȥҲ죬ʱͣˣС½֧ͲסįĺӹŽ˳ʯϲˮ
Ҷһضмķ϶У۾һգҲգضŲԶŵ񷿣沿񾭱ýġ
Ա߻һС˴ˣһģﻹ߬Ԫ
Ҳ˵ⷿһ߸ˣһŮеĳұǸ񷿣Ǻأûмӣ
С˼һᣬӣҺֻһΣһ㱧ţȫû˵ʱǺһ䣬˵λʹźӽ˷䣬ʱе֣ȥͷ˼ϲҿǼҺˡ
ֻһҶһü
һɡҾһͷģҲû̫ע⡣
Ҷһؿ˿׹ӣǽ򣬲֪Ժûҵ죬Ϣ϶ֹһӣСͷȴûӣЩӺһιҩˡ
ұ񷿾ֻǰɣʮӣƵӺȥ
Ҷһع۲⸽񷿶һģģǰźǴܵͣ򿪵Ļ˺׾ȥ
ҶҽȻΪԼȺ˷Ƥ°椾ȳۿԼʶСŮԴߣȥȷһСڰȫͻþ
⡭
Сԥ䣬һųŪǵ˶
浱ԼǾˣΪȺ˷Ĳˣ㿪Ƹģ
Ҷһȥֻλᴦ̴ӹսǴ߳ߵҶһߣ´һҶһأ漴ּ̣³һȦ
ոԺ˵ҶҽǼƹˣһۿ˷ݣ˷ӿ̽˲֮أﻹΪ̾أڿǿˡ
ǼƹˣҶҽǿɼΰԼǾ˰ɣ
Ҷһأ
ҶһظռʱָˣϾٲףλᴦҲǸ죬ܱרҵ㣬һھӡ
һˣܴͷأҶһüʵ
ͷûҶһءһɶáתͷСˣٺú룬֪ʲôȫ˵
һ˵һߴӿڴͳ֤Ԫϵú׬ǮϲóηԼ
СԻһ飬ĿȻ˾η٣Һú롣
Ŷˣұ˲ǹ̶ģÿ춼ڻģһŵ˶һҵһλϰѷʶģǸ˴߷ӳˣ˵һҲŷġ
УոͷͻȻ˵ϲˣǲҪǮ˵áѾǷµķǮŹһݣһҪǲˣԺķҾ͵͵ؼȥ
Ķʩ£С˲˲ٶ˵͵͵һۣ٣Щ˷Ӱ
Ȼû
Ҫתˡ
֪Ŀ⿴ұǼ񷿣أӦұǼ䷿ӣЩǹԿܵұץвǲͶ
㡣
ĿСˣȥţϰһҪǮһעʮӡ
˵ִӿڴͳ߰˸Ԫ˸ǻԼ£Ϳıˡ
С鸴ӣҧӹԪ٣ҲǮǮҶ㣬˷ⶫû˲޵ģҰ͵Լˣ
ؿСһۣ漴̧С˵ļ򣬡ģй
ҹȥʮûǹ죬Ҳû˴ұ߳ǾҵˡȴͷǹֱӰΧߵķӡ
һ£ǹܣԽԽãΪԼǾ
Ҷһüͷ壬Ҫǲһˣôȴͷһǹ
ЦؿλҶҽһۣҲǹһҽһ첻ңƲ˭أ
ǲһҾ뿴һ
ˣûʱˣתأְæˡ˵ţϽֱӵҶһػʮӡ
˵꣬ûҶҽ˵Ϳ첽˳ȥ
Ҷһʶصͷıʪģϻκһ¶ȣϤġLONGINESӢĸھ֣ǲûǿû
ҶҽС̽Եؿڽе
Ҷһ̧ͷ
ҶҽˣҪҵ軹񷹵ϰ壬ΪϾ˷ӲģǱҵĹϿϣС˵ЩȴΪᶨ
ҶһؿС峺۾˿ҪСꡣ
ҶһصͷС˸˵ЦЦ߬ϵԪ͵ؿܳȥЬˮһصˮ
ȥÿһÿһ붼ѰҶһؼÿʮҪһֱ
һ


Сÿұ񷿵ţ㷹Ӳռ˱˵ĽڣҪĴ󺺺˶˵ѶǮ˸ǡ
ΪԪλС󺺱Ųðײõ뷨ĺ
߷
飡
ڴص졣
ſڵĴ͵ֱСˡԺʣµǮû㡱Ľкڳȥ
Ҷһص͵ʶǰһʱҲ˶ſ첽˳
һһŮͷʽҶһؼ긾Ů
Уڽȥ
Ҷҽ߬߬Լϵ׹ӣĶ֮ԺһŬ¶һϲЦ漴˳ȥ
㣿ҵˡҶҽһһߴ
ͷŮһܹҶһأ¶ɵɫʣȻŵұλá
Ҷһؿ漴︾ŮԶĵطͣ£װϥǴڴ
лCCTVлʡ̨ԱڵչֳľտݼҶҽĴзḻӦزĿԵá
㣬ߵһҷĶ׹ӹˣ̵ͦģӦòˣż˹ֻ˼ʵ̫ˣֲʣҺãˡ
Ҷһ˵֣һű̴׹ġ
긾ŮʶȥԼĶһǡ
Ⱥ˷ͯ׬˲ٺǮȻҪƽﶼЩ۵·ŮвҪƯģ׹Ӿ긾ŮǮģ֮һ󸾵Ҳ˿
ˣĻ۲ʱ䡣
Ҷһҽݺ˵ӡΪ긾Ů˲٣ǰùҶһ׹ӡ
ǲ˼ҽһˣ̫лˡ긾Ů¶ƵĺЦݡ
ҶһҡҡͷװһҺŲ꣬ӦõĵģҾڻҽԺⲻԶŮ£ȥҡ
긾ŮͷҶһغѣͬʱʾһӹȥԱ߿ӵͷ󲽾Ҫұȥ
Ҷһص
ʱұ񷿵ſˣոպС˶˵վſڣ˵ամ׳СӴ˼ӣëëŵġ
긾ŮȺߵýЩͿԿ˵Ǹ˶ͷðϻһȦ࣬Ҷһصԭû߽Ҳûз֡
긾Ůǻ˼ӳȫ
ãҩǲãҪ鷳ҽˡŮķ˺Ҷһغѵ˼ЦݲЩ
ŶˣɡءȥſڰǰѺɡŮתͷ
ҲǸոҪ粽ұߵƵӦһǣͿ첽߻ȥɡˡ
ұ񷿵֬ԹϣŵԴҶһЩ
ָ긾Ů䣬ǸаѾɡóҶҽûͣĽڣֻǿЦź긾Ů
ߣչһ䣬긾ŮĸѾ߻ݣ˿ϵıʱѾʮˣӦǵ˰ɡ
ҶҽģҸոտˣǸǹվǸأС˲֪ð˳һ˵˵
Ҷһԣһʯˡ
ʱһڵĽŲܴͷһȺ˿첽
ҶҶҽҶһأͷܴͷһͣèʹúͬеĺǲǲӶӳֵسüۡ
ӶұߵѾȥˣұ˷ӦѾƷǰΧ߷ӣԲǽұߣúʣҶһر˵
ǣܴͷ˼ͦվã
Ҷһأ
ܴͷӦҲʶԼġˡɿҳҶһؿǳԸˣ¹ȥ߷ΧһֻӬҲ׼ҷųȥ˶࣬㿪ǹҲڷ￪ǣգ
һھԱͷСشס
ʮɢֿߵķӰΧȥ
ʱ
һƤˣԼһҵǹ졣
СﺢӵĿŮ˵ļԼҼһصĹŹشһʱ쳹Ͽա


044 
߻һСﻹһӣﴫܴͷı
үСүҪǹҪǹоԱϳ˷кæ
קһߴӴұ߷ߵſڣﻹһһ
֣
֣
ϵ׵ı䣬ǻһ࣬߳µһơ
ҽŲڸߴϣӲӹڵϡ
Χмĳ˲伱ۣ㣬ʹ׳ϣ
긾Ůɫ䣬λСүק˸ǰִӿڴóһذףʲô𵰵ڣ֣ǶǼСүɲһһ㡣
˵žСүϻһ
кĿ˲
֣СүǲǲӵĶӳʶСүæ˵
ûתͷܴͷ˵߸ӣҲ棬ȴ뿪
ܴͷһϲӦǣһԱ漴ֱȥ
ܲģĵ죬ҵǹ졣̧ǹֱֱ긾ŮĶͷ
긾Ů˿Ϊ⣬֣û˵ϿǸ𵰵ǸͬˣȻߣȻ
Ůӵذ׿ʼкϱȻ˵ȶһأ
飡
һǹʹǸϣĲҽоһֻ˲Ѫģ
ҷһȻҸ20ӵʱ䣬20ڵڳоԱ
Ůͫ΢û뵽ϣ̸б˭˭ʤѩ÷ΪѾˣû뵽Թټҷĸݡ
һǹҴ֣ܣһǹҴȣҷˣǿҲ˰ɡ˵ţǹơ
㣬㣬ҲȾңȾҡּſڵϣ޵
Χм˷ɧ㡭
죡ѩ÷һŬԼ侲
ʮӲһСʱ
ԼΧסСеĳڣּۻֻΪ˽˵ĽģǹŲϥǹϡ
˵ˣɾվˡʮӣҵĵߡ
λѩ÷û˵˷о˿ڵúãѴ׳Ҳͬʱˣ
ѩ÷ͷ˿ڵ˷һۣûз
¶һ˿Ц㣬ȥѸڱҿڴϵ˷Ӵ
СԱ̵ͷȥˡ
ʱ
洫һ󼱴ٵĽŲ
˷ӣǱΧˣСгڣҪ·ζǵˣǹԹ԰ѺӷˣٳԵͷܵ
лŮ˽Ľ˵˱ȳ𣿴ϴأҵĴϴأ
Shit!
˿໰һ˷˲ɫ֪Ҫƴˣ
ѩ÷ذһȥкĿָֻڵϣѪһء
ܵ򸾽ľĳ棬˾һֱ˹ȥɫɷף˵Ӷڲ
ܵɫɷףرǵһǹһ˷ӹһ߻ţǶ̸ͬʱˣҰ˴ˣ֪ܵˡ
ǹ
ûϣ˷ӿǹûһ˿ǣõļĴ򷢣̾мԱе
ȥֻ̫࣬ɰӣһԾ⡣
ϴϣȴϴϣϰ弸˵ö񶾵Ŀ⿴ܵ켣̳ô꣬ôܿƱ仯ǴܵǾ仰ʼġ
ڳˣϺЩ˸˷Ӹһ˵ģֻֻܱܵܵһ
ѪעʬһڽĶӣϰľͺ񱻷ĥһ㱻ĥѪ֭
ֻҪܱסһһ㶼ƽϣҷģϰ嶢ܵһһ˵
ܵһ飬͵ؿϰ壬
ұ֤һֲ˵
֪ܵĻˡ
ס֣ס֣ҷߣֻҪүˣԴ֤ߣܵ˵
ǾֵʶֹͣΪ̫ͣ죬˷һǹֱ۵ġ
ܵ㷢ʲô裡תͷ
һǹ˵˼ˣʹǹսУ˷ҲĬ߽˷Ӷһߣ˷Ǳ߰Сүһߣʱ̣߶ôһ˿΢ϣ
ܵһĬ˲䱻ƣѩ÷˵ĸ첲һѽүקԼǰ˵СүͲֿˡ
׼ǵ˶ˣһ˺ǵؽ磬Ҿͷˡѩ÷ݺݵһۣ֣ǵʣ´㡣
ҿûӦжʮģ˵Ҳ뿪ġ
Ϻֵ˾ǹ˿ûзµ˼
֣ڰٲߣСүѪҪˣǰɡ
ʮô죿͹ǰһ
һ⻰ֲ˵ۿСүɫԽԽףܵϰĻһᣬ˱ۣ
ԣ̾˿źǾֵվϺͬеǹǰ
Ѿճˣȥɡܵ
ǵ˴
ܵӻ֣һСԱϺͬקһ˷ӡ
ڴ˹УһϺֵ˼״ѧһ
׳
˷ӽӵͬ飬¶ϲɫһһǹүͷķѩ÷ϳŲԼƨϳҪСүקȥʱͻȻһۣǹ˲ԭء
µܴͷһקСүק˳£漴βͬ·һơ
漴顱ǹг̥
ΧΧץסǡүþȣܵعǾֺϺֵѹѹһƬԾǹΧס
ڣǰ·ܵʱ˸
ϴϣϴϣܵ˶ߣŶӲϲӺûָֻ֣Ŀѡ
죬죬ҽԺ
ΪǹͺͯʧٰĹϵ½вСžרǶٺͯʧٰΣҶֱӵˣǶСΧľԱǵ档
ҶҽǹսĵһʱѾֳ
ؿеһֱеһеܴͷΪҶһؿ·ȷ档
ӵرڣû룬ûϴ
ȥң
⼸ֹѪҽԺҪ
ܽԱͳȥԮֶ£Ҷҽһһ߰ʱ˿ڴ
ˣϾԲϴ©Ȼûˣ
ǣҶҽСԱͷ
ҽҽողתѵ˿Ӳһ󣬶СԱҶһصĳƺ͵˹
ҽȾҶӣҶӻѪ
ҶһĿɨԶϰ·ֲ˿ڵϣ˱ȴƸصġ
˵žҪ뿪
ܵҶһǰ͵عˣҽ㣬ҽǽȾȴϴϣȾȴϴϡ
ҽֻػûиߵ͹ʱңӱ˵ĹͿԴˡ


045 
ҽǲҪˡ
ڱĻͲᣡ
Ҷҽ⿪˾Ա£һ˺һ鲼˿ĳһΡ
˵˶زǹһߣһʱҡ
ҶһؼûӦ̧ͷȥֻһСԱѪ㶵վԭء
ոҶһش˿ʱŲԱԼѹ˿ڵ֣ʹѪҺ罦Ա߰æԱϡ
ɵˣٲץˣҶһص
СԱ̻˲ѪĻ۾ܣˣ
ң߰ɣȰѴϴȥҽԺ̫̫ӵҪȥ׷Ǹˣɼ
ģܳȥ͵ҽԺϴܲסģŮ˼ϸűһֱСͷľߴ
ʱߴѾ˲ˣžġزŸ˻кǵıߣʱʱ̽ͷ򾯽ڣ齹
Ⱦȳ߸ѾȥҽԺ
Сүô߸У˷⣬ڳľԱ
ľԱһﲻǡʱ̫̫ļĺ˶ϣΧһû˵
ֱһСþûд죬ͷļ̲סڵ
٣ǰǹѾֹͣˣǲǿԽȥˣǼߣӵŲɷȨ
ǽȥܵĳŸˡ
Ⱥв˱Ҫֳ뷨ٻǸЩʵȨֳάĲǲСС鳤ҲʮΪѣҪҪɸȥǰͷ
ʱ
죬ӣÿճӶԱ
ʷ鳤ԥ֮ʣоԱС˳һһߴкͬ¡
ʷ鳤ԿȥֻͬѪȻ漴̷ӦСǵĳ
ÿÿÿTMǰһǹ㣡߾ԱؿǹԱȱͳ
߱忪˳ȻҲܽȥ
˼ⵣ̧ľҵģŲԭأҲмļ߳û˽ȥ
žҪĿľǶ캼Ƕͯʧٰ֮ǰ˵ĻҧҧҲ˽ȥ
иսӵϢҶԣ³ʱÿžСıӰԥƬ̣Ҳȥ
С
ҽҽ̫̫ĵظҶһ
ҶһʱҲһԱתͷ̫̫أ㱧Уҹȥ·
̫̫ԣ̾һ񣬡Ҵ·Ҵ·̫̫Ÿ߸Ьܲ죬ܵ;ŻŤһ£Ǻģûһٶȡ
Ҷһ˳̫̫ܵķҲǸһʮͷӱڻкȹȥ˵ţӿ˽Ų
ߵýˣкִѪʪĺ첼Ҳľ
㣬ҿҶҽڵҲЩǱ
׳ϱѪȾúһƬײ֪ʲôʱ˵ˣ׳ϵŦ۽⿪
ԼϣѾûˣŵ㡣
ŶŶŶʶǰ˵Ļ
СкĿͣҲۣҶһ⿪ֵĲʱкͻȻҪҪ߿˵ֺ񴿴ڷй
ϴϣϴϣԣ̡
ϴϡ
̫̫Ŷָͷ֣ողֹסһˡ
СкһһƺҪȫڽз
ΪذһµԵʣָֻͷпںƽСָ֪٣ָָλһƤֻһͻᱻȫѡ
ƽôҶҽͺǳˣȻһʮСкͻ˶ˡͳɡ
Ҷҽ˺кֱϵ·˺һ㹻Ĳ첲ϲ֮һң漴׼ŶסŶѹסһɲǣָ϶Ѫۿɼ
֪Сָ𣿡ֹѪϺҶһ̧ͷʡ
ССָҡͷͻȻʶʲôͫ͵
ҽ˼ǲǴϴϵֻоȣ̫̫ķӦ죬죬˵Щ
Ҫָָʱ䲻Сʱָûѹˡۻ֯ˣǾԡ
ҶһƮƮǾԡĸ֣̫̫˶
𣿻оȣϴϻоȣ̫̫ĸ첲Ӳһӡ
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۾ԼȷʵԼϣСԼָֹˣֱ۶񲻼ˡ
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049 
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ͬʱ
͵شӵվΪϵŤ˺û緹ԵʣһûվͲֵȥۼֿ죬һѡ
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˲֪Ϊ̫ܵ죬̫ŵԵʣ˼ǱﲻԼ˼
ԺһץԱֵֺ֣ģȻһĶ
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Ȼ˻ҪڱȽвҵԽС
ƴյ˸ͷû˵
ֻһӴƴԺһƨڵϣ̧ͷֶնյӰһԾֱֱȥˡ
ƴֱ񣡴ף
Ҽ״Ҳ˽ȥǼһֱһߵСһȺȫӿԺ칫ҡ
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׼ȷ˵Ƕ0.35סҶһժ޾ףΪʱľϸ񾭽иֵָֻʹĴָ˾ε
ѾڶˣҶҽ̾˿ǻʵ
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һԿţֻСèһλлͬĵġ
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Էͷʱе㳤
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ƴȻ˵ֻشһ⣬⻰ʶشţûǵġ


051 

ҶһЩڴؿƤ൱ġ㡣
˺֭ͨͨˮŨ״ĵ
ڸովѾ˷ʳҽԺˣ˷ݣһץĺһа˸ܲ˵ģֻ
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ʦǸոҽԺſƴҽǲǻ˵λߣһ·ĳ˱Լλһᣬ漴͵վ
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Ҷ԰ڰ֣С٣֪֪иҽʱСʱҲڣæԱСү߸ߵģҸһ㣬øе񡣡
źƳ۾˳Ҷԣҽ˵Ҷҽ
Ҷʲô֣ҶԼ
źƳɶ´ɱһˮҶҽʲô֣ҶҽҶҽô֪Ҷҽʲô֡
㳤ԼҶҽ㳤úÿˡ


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Ҷһظߵ·ڣźƳɺҶ˵ĳ
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057 
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ҡͷѧУ٣ҽԺɡ
Ҷһأõģڡ
Եѷ󷨹٣żϹ


058 
ϱӴСУĳһͻȻֳͻˮƽô룿
˼Īǲһʦ
ϵģҶһرԼ뷨һĬĬѱøһЩ

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ڿҶһأ΢΢Щҵʱ򲻽ţҰ칫Ҿͽˣֲʲô˵Ĺޡ
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Ϊֲѿ׽СĻǲҪƵģѷڷ֣ѿŵһ̶ȣʹΣüˡ˵һ䣬ҶҽеΡ
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ҶһصĶһṹͼڲڰ칫ǽϵĺڰϣϻע˸λĳ䣬ЩעеĽ̿黹Ҫȫ棬𾪵վʶߵڰϸۿ
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Ҷҽһصֱ׼ʵϰͬҽۣҶҽתЩʱҶһ˵ġ
һҽһ˵㳡һֻԼҽһʹŶӹͬҽҽļֵ̫ˣҵʱޣܴѧҲޣϣҵѧǺߣǰߡ
ǣ90ʱ䳤ӣҶҽֺϷ1930ļúΰ칫ңŪڵʦ
Щеĺܶ࣬ɲ鱾Խ̸ġĿƵضźڰϵṹͼȱעĿܲ䲿λѾӾȱ𺳡
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ҶһظɿһƮְҵʦͽԣ˺ܶ༼ʹѾ˺ܾҲΪ֪
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⣬ǾûԼѧø֪һǳҫ𣿡
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ŮʿҲڸ޲ҽʱ˵ĻѾҶһصˮƽ˵˻Ļ졣
ڸ߳Լ칫ң̤޲ҽ칫ҵһɲǲŷӦոҶһصĶԻҶһƺʲôˣϸȴֺʲôûͣݸһЦɣ˭ûһ˽ô
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ĻưҲ֮ҶתͷҺų޵һҽԺ
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Ҷüͷ΢壬죬ٲǰ


060 
ԲС㣬ԤԼ𣿡Ҷ߹¶ɫл˻ǵҽԺ
ԤԼҶظӵӢʻ㣬¶ȵɫ
ҶںѧʱӢģ⡪ӢʻȻɵؽ
С㣬ûԤԼԱ߸ոձܾŮʿáŵҶ海
ллллҶæлŬӢ˵ҶأҵܵܣҽҽԺ
˵ܵҽԺҽҶءüֺİæˡ£ֻǷ뵽ҶֵʱʵЩ֡
ܵܣҽˣ
ֱ̧°͵ı¶ɵɫʣ̽ԵؿڵDOCTOR YE
仰Ҷˣæͷǵģǵġ
ӡۣڲ˸ո͸߰ɫСʮͷı̽ͷû˵ҶҽĽ㣿ƯˡĴָ
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ҶҽʶĦԼʳָǽڣ뿪ڣֻҶ浵ǲΪң

Ҷ浽߬İյ˺ǵĵ籨ڵ籨£豾ȥѧУģסˣȥʥԼ
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죬Ű˿ż̡죬ҶغͰף򢣬ǳɣܺγˣ5L/min
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ڰ״ӿ˿޵ҵѷٿ˿ȻİС㣬ԴͻȻͱĳĴӵ


061 
ԣ˵ģѹ
Ҷһͳɴѷ˲ӣټسһ۵ѷС㣬ѹҲòôѹ
Ҳһҽıпʲô̺۾ְ֣Բҡȥһ˵žҪߡ
ҶҽѪѹߣʼӿ죡һֱ۲첡̵ָ
Ҷһȥѷѷǿ̣˶٣Ȼ̽ԵؿڵҪˣǻʿɴ󣿡
Ҷҽ˵꣬ȣһ£漴̿Ѫѹ½ƽ
һڰ״ӣŶǶӰˡ
Ҷҽժͷϵ԰׵ٹ۲СʱѪǽ13.9mmol/Lʱ5%ǣθҺܵĻʱ԰εԼŰ졣
׵ͷ˲ͷ亹鷳Ҷҽ
30ѧų¶ΣûγѸЧļӦԹ淶ȹȫҽ˵ľ飬ʹȳɹʼ͡
ȻʮֳɫۼˮƽŻȲϺѡֲᡱùСҽ
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Ҷ浿һ״ӵҶһأϵЩ㱣ҶһڲΣңҶһؽһȺҽָӵתҶһؽһΣĲ˴
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Ҷҽ
Ҷҽá
Сʿ̴߾ӢҶһشкҶһصͷӦ

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ҽ̧̧۾Ҳϲĸ߰ʲôȥƷӣϵĹ˿ߡûзڵĺһ仰
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޶ұӣʱС˵ǲҶ˵ԱǸеʲôͷ


061 
޶ԿȥȻһӾˡ
ֻŮҶһʶߣЦһá
޶ϱ͹˼˸ֺ˼׾ƣһһһ壬ƢмֿƲסˣѱӺݺһҡ
˵ô˵Ͳˣϸ֦ˡӽⱭƺȥɡ˵ţ޶Աһӣ˰׾ƣ漴ѾƱһӣλƵؾҶһҶڵλȥ
޶ʱҶڸҶһؽ﷢Ȥ¡
㶼ˣ˰ɣֺģ̾ĶУϰ廹ǸˣֻҪ㲻Ըģ˭Ʋ㣬ÿҲͳ׸ͻϢˡ
Ҷ˵ţʾӦԼñ֭Ҹϰ嶼˵ˣ¸¿ʼͲˣǸĵӰǸȦǶת˾ͿԳڵӰðˣˣǰԼƯʱ򣬶ð
Ҷһ˵֡
Ҷһ뵽ոǼŮ˵ĻɿʵӰ¶ϰ᲻ʱڣҪʲô˳Ļ
Ҷ浿ŵܵŬ֯ԵģһЦˡ
ôҶҽλᴦˣҶ浽Χڲϵժ£ŵһԣģ㲻ɵӣ޷ǻǵ£Ҳûһ뷨ûбһһ
ҶһԺѱӸһ񷿵ĳܾ˿ܻæġ
˵䣬ͻȻߡ顱һ
ҶһغҶͬʱ̧ͷ
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ҶָҶ浽е
ӻʲôŮأơޣ޶һĭ˽űߣϸ֦ˣ˵ƣ㴲Ҳаɡ
˵ĿƳҶһأ۵ģļүأŮ˿ɲɾƭˣ
ҶҽüͷݡˣɫڳͷŸɾ㣡
ҶҽԴƴεô޶һ㶣Ӧ󣬷ԼһʮͷëͷСסˣɸ߳ŭ
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ҪĦű棬͸ڿʲôͻȻЦԪأ᲻û
ǵڶ죬ᴦһȥ˾ѵʵϰСԱ
СԱᴦУսսص˶¥ΪԼǲѶڼʲôͷ˱浽ᴦˣһͨ˼СԱһ߽칫Ҿϴ

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062 
ᡭᴦ鳤ǹӵϼĿİͰ͵˵
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064 
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066 
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Դһָָ㣬Ŷ׼ȷ˵Դָָ㣬һתתȥǸеӰ
⵽죬ؼӰСһ㣬ܻߵͼ硣
һȥⲻҪ߹ǣѾһСˣҽ㿴Ǹ߹ǣҲѺۣȫҲȡȽϺá
ҽһֻųŵشվԽ𼦶̬ս˽
Щͷˣ߹ȡһرڻ˵ǶԺ϶Ӱ
ǻͺεķӣ߹ǾͺƷӵݶ㷿ݶһ󶴣ʱʱҡһ£ܺúù
Ҷҽüͷ߹Ǻüۣ漴ôһˣϹϣôû飬ǿðɣ޵ƽ㣬ȻʱеĳԿͷ
߹ǹ̶ټþϸСӺø򡰡ñʼǼǣҶʦ˵ģԻߵ˵ػҲҪеġ
ҽżֲиŽ𼦶ʦ¶ɬЦʦҵ¼ǣһء
ҽһ㶣漴εЦЦʹˣʹˣ˵ţϡ
ҽˣΪ۳һǳһȵһ˵¶ɫ漴ˢˢ򡡣
ҽͷ˸ʺá
û
ǵǺ߹ǹ̶ָغõĻرڹܵԱȫ»ܼۡ
ǣǿǹҽ
ûҪɳǲһֻƤǡˮƽĻɳ˼ɡ


崴ҲˣϹ̶ǿҲУ߹ǹ̶ҲˣֳͻĲܣλҽΪУ
˫һŹһȻʱᷳͳϴʱÿ춼̨ҽʱϱԹʦʦֲᡣ
Ȼ˴ʱ˿̣֪۸ֵͣԼΧ£һһ̤ʵɳ
ͳϴǶôҸ°ţĵֲԽˡ
ҽٴμһ飬ȷûһҶһأ˵ҶҽҪİ
ʱˣҲһҽرϾҽĹƽԵһʻÿһӰ컼ߵһ
ţ֪ˡ
Ҷһ¶ȻЦ⣬޾ժ£⿪˵ıֻһǡø˿ڵɴȻٴδһµ޾ףý׿
λðɡ
ҽԣһɺ㣬ԼıѾǳˣأ˴߹ǣѪܡθǻֵĴУʹ޾ҲܸܵĴС
ͰƤǲһ
Ҷһض˶Լֱ֣ЩʹУСⲻ
˵߹Ҫй̶߹˳̶ȲͬòͬĹ̶
ҶһָŹĿǻڵ߹Ǻ͹͵
Ҷһ˵䣬ҽĬĬתεǰŲ˼֣ĲĶ䶯˶漴
߹ǣжѴѷΧСƬͶϿڴֱø˿ж϶˹̶
Ҷһ˵ŽĿǻ
̡һĥ˶
30߹ͺĲͬ󣬵𶯳̶ȴҶһصĶСģʱͷ΢΢
ϴ
ݸ򡣬תͷСʿ˲
Ҷҽû°ɣҽҶһض棬ǳؿҶҽ΢΢üͷ
Ҷһض˶Լ֣á
˿߹ǣڹ⽻ɺÿ8֡
һε˹ۣÿ̶ӷ㣬Ҵ٣ɹѵļԽϵ͡
˵ҶһҪôʱҽվ
ɣţʱվУ׵ʱ仹ܼסġ
СʿԣѯʽĿ⿴ҶһأҶҽЦŵͷ30߹ȷʵЩΪˡ
ҽӹ׼λãɴףȻϵ
롣
Ҷҽӹ룬һ״룬봩ǻ˳һС״˳
߸1ңȻԼҶһؼˣ볯һÿĻȡ
Ȼ΢΢˿ڴһʹҶһüͷ΢壬ֻǱƤˡ
̾˿ǯӷẒ̇򡣬
Ӹոտʼʱʱ۲Ҷһصı飬Ȼǿ΢üͷҽǸεͬʱǹӳţ»ð˳
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賤ȣжһˣǣȱԵҶҽҽһһָ£ɶȻԳƵˡ
ͬʱ
ѽ棬ʴۣ㱣ӹĿǧҪ°̫̫ſȥ߸Ьաաù̫Ѩͻͻͻ
裬ˡ
㵹Ĵ󣬸ոսȥļҽֲûǰ־ŽţĿôΣһ̨ûô졣
̫̫˫ֺʮдʡ
ſڵСʿûп˾ܾǩֵĳֻһ˵ĸãģȰοõĵǹҽˮƽҲܸߵģĲˣ˶ϡ
Ͷ̫̫ԣİ˲٣ʽһԣոսȥģиȫȫŵҽҶһֻǽȥֵģԼЩˡ
ѽ̫ˣ˶䣬ˮƽ϶ܸߡ̫̫¶ϲ
СʿͷԼҵҽǫ飬Ժ˵ҽϺһͷϡ
̫̫û飬ҲƵķֻ࣬ͷ֣˺üӷ𣬵ǹ塭
ƣ
͵̧ͷƣ
Сʿգգ۾˼ҸزˣæȵȻǹҽƵģ˸ƤҲѽ˵ҽҶҽأġ
Ҷҽ˵ҶһأԼ÷ɿ죬ĳɼǳãʥԼһģǳ׵شСʿĻҶҽȹҽ˼
ǸģƵĹҽתҽѧϵݵҶһػ磿
СʿеҽѾˣһСʿҶһһеҽȥ
壿壿ôˣ̫̫ɫ԰ף٣ɽȦ졣
壬֪㵣ĹĿҲҪԹ˼Լ˶ѾƽȥСʱˣ׻ô˵ţûϢõϢ
СʱѾСʱˡһ޿ĵˣıֳҪҷˡ
ʱһԴп
尡û뵽Ȼô磬ְǰˡ
תͷȥֻ׺ͼոҽԺ˵վһ𣬼ӻʾ
壬ְָһ£¾һᴦ¾ǲ鳤壬ɡ


067 
塢á岢ûоʲôͷģλͬ¹ϵҵְλλᴦ֮ϣΪδСȻҪơ
󴦳ǰԼϹĹ壬ϲ¶Ĺɫ˺Ҷҽͬѧ
ˡСʿ˶
˵ĿⶼҵĴſȥ
ҵűƿҽһȣȴҳ
̫̫״һʱȥ˫۽յĹĿСʵǻţ
Сʿԣ˵ؿ˶̫̫һۣô˵ģȻţҽҶҽŶйҽҽһһ˭⸣
ӭ߹Ĺ⻰鸴ӣһȵһ˵Ļһİرһ˻û
һ۹Ŀ˻ţһͬʱʽ顣
ᴦлϻȮ͵ҽԺĳ˸мȵȮӺˣһŰлʮֳϿҵظл
ڹٳϻģǷ飬Ƿ飬һǷھŰлɣллȥģⲻͰлˡ
ᴦڰ֣Ҷҽ˼ȴҲл
ʢһѸٷӦԶԶԣᴦ˵öԡ
Ŀһڰ״ɨһȦ漴ڹϣǰһס֣Ҷҽָл
ʱԼķϼУĴټһ˶ɵģһһһǣǺϵü
Ҷҽ
һµؿǰҡԼֵӣæҶҽϴˣλҶҽ
Ӳ˲࣬óһҶһء
Ҷҽ»ҩ˿ڣ
ʢ￴ҶһأĴһ£ĻѿڶҶҽá
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ʢ̬ŵúܵͣҶһصл
ʢıҶҽͷβ֪λⷬ󲿷ֶǳȥģҲòԵػӦһ¡
ǳɹģѾƽȣȵʶѾܰιܣΪ߹ˣԲʹлȽϾңʵ̲סˣǵҽԱ
˵תͷȥԹܷòֵƤƤֻ֯˶λϣȷûиȾϡ
õģҶҽ
վڹʢ󣬿Լ˵̬غҶһ˵ҶһǸרҵòһӾ;Լһء
һ̣ȷʶˣȻһȻͬ·Ѿ·һ
ȻҲȹΣˣҲûʲôˣΣ˵ʼĩ鳤ϰͣҾͲһˡ
˵ĿתҶһأ㣿
ҶҽʶصͷҽǸߵ߲Ц⼸ÿζ鷳ͻȥҲЩֲ˼ġ
ĿҶһطĴεϣüͷһ֣۲ۡ
Ҷһػ˻Լ֣ʵʵ˵տʼͦ۵ģЩˡźã֪Сʱǰ״̬ҿɲ
󴦳Ǳɴʵʵ֣Ȼһһĳ嶯촽һֱߣôΪĪв
̫̫ӪӸոչʢ̬оͿλᴦǸλȨصƹ壬Цȥ塣
̫̫Ļ䣬󴦳̱ùʶȥԱߵˣֻҶҽЦÿģ壿ҶһЦŽһ䡣
󴦳ϵı˲ͱסˣ΢֣΢΢ͷȥЦɡ
ʱҶ浲Ÿ߸ЬҶСƲƵķеɢңϻӡָӡҶһЦĵĳ΢΢һ㶣һĸоĵ
Ҷûüϸ룬Ҷһص
㣬ôģ
Ҷ浰ڰ֣û£˴һܡأû°ɣΣ𣿡һ˺ü⡣
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ҶһؿҶ海ɢҵģĬĬ죬ÿ춼ˢŮԵ֪
ǸסڵĸŮڵǱϳб˲
ҶȻ󴦳еĲæᴦᣬβ£ͷҺ֮ȷʵԹãһ÷ԹҲˡ
һ£Щԥؿڵһأм½֥˶٣̾һǻؼңûʲô·ģŮ˱ͼѣͬΪŮӣҲ˵ܰæҿϾ·ҲǼѡ
˴˰ɡҶ浻д˵Ļѡ
ŮӾٿʹŻձɡ̻¼˹Ъ׵ĶŮģ
㣬ͺãû
ҶЦŵͷ
ʱҲˣҺᴦȻȥˣһ𣿡Ҷһص
Ҷ浿Ҷһٿٴθ̾ô벻ߵ˾ȻܴôãˣҺүһذɣ˾ء
үںȫĿ˵Ļд󶨣ҶҽܺᴦȷʵǳֻҪץҶ浣²ܺᴦλϺ¾ֵʵȨϹϵ
ᴦҵܵ鷳ˡ
Ӧõġ
ȻҶ浲֪ӦõӦģܵܵһȻģ˦˦Դ˵¹ء
ͷһҶ浾;ԼˣȻʶذϺо¾ֵʵȨﵱ˵ܵܣء
ҶһغռҽԺϳ֣룿ֱˣ
ֱţϴʱժˮˣҪʱ䣿˵ţӳСͳһһģһֱ
ʮһŷˡ
ôˡҶһԼ̫ѨҲ˯ˣҹ˼ңҲֲ˼ġ
⸱ģֲûؼңض𿴵ˣԭ
ǡҪȥǡֱ߬Ʋؿڵͦģ˯ͷ
Ĵ죬ѾǰҹǸоһе΢΢ʪ⣬ڱϣġ
Ҷҽԣһģ᲻鷳
ڹзӣռҲԶģҿȥҽԺ
ǵãڳ⳵ͦġ
ǡȥǣ
鷳ˡ
˿СĶԻӻҹɫеĹʻȥ
ǿֱܶ𣿸鲻ܶģ
ŶˣпջԼĪϵı޺֮ǰǲпյġ
һߣҶҽҹ޼ҿɹ鱻󴦳һߺǻҽԺԱ¥ӽĳߣĿλСүĶָ
λСүֻڵԺţҽԺԺΧԣͷһֵĺܷŴ豸ͣ̾
ͨͨĶƯëϸѪÿܱ
¶ҲůģָӦǳɻˡ
棿ʲôʱԲߣ϶ʲôʱԶˣ
Ȳһ֣ٹܾͿԽֲİɣǶӵֱסˣ
Ϸϲ͸ŷ쿴ӽҲĳȣһڵĵأһڵĴ没˵һڵ裬ڣڿˣ
죡
һҪĵϵ֣
ӽһһӻҩˮͺζĿǻķУűȥ𺳷Ӧӽ΢Цţ΢Цţ硣
лҪ˵
ţ˯µģëߣʲô
Ҷһأˣлл
ԡڳա
Ҷһأõġ
ʲô
ҶһأҶ
Һе㼱٣
ҶҪҸ
˵ţҶҽó


068 
գ
ƺر磬ԼĪ³Ͼ˴׵ˡ
ϰ˵ʮŷ֣һɫγ·˷׷ײĿͣ˻ҽԺ¥ǰ
ǰͷһܵ첽˳
ܵߵڶԣǰĳţ̫̫Ϸ˵ˡ
ԴϴξԮܵӾѹȻڵĳŵû鷳ǵʱڳôˣܵıֺܿʹ˺ܶ˵Ķ
ԭ챻ܵܿյĺǾ¾ֺܿץסλᣬϣܵھ¾ĵλȻ᧿Σ
ܵǸԴеģںǾӪ꣬ϵͨ˴ܿ͵õ̫̫ϷҪСүϢⲻһ͵˻վſڣ첻ˣȵˡ
裬Сġһʽ۵ĽСŮӴӳ߳վߡ
ˣһû߲·ͣҵĴϴϣôС;Ҫô֪⺼ǵľ¾ǸʲôԵġ
̫̫⻰˵˭ģڳﶼ塣
ܵȴ⣬ЦǺǵǰ·
СүϣʵⲻԴСүҽԺÿ첻һ϶˵ž̫̫ǰա
̫̫һôǿһ𣿡
ҲңӦõģӦõġܵϸˣ̫̫ǰͷǸ๤ڵĵطˡ
๤ӽ͵ػعͷܵĿԡ
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³ǱҺͤڰ칫ҵˣӽæվӭ
ĵˣĵúָȷʵǽˣջԺ˵ָ϶ǳɻˣʽߣʮҾҪָʲôģҲ˵Զˡ
ӽǿģ˵ʱЩ
úúãСԣСԣʦƬϴˣõҩˮ
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һ뵽ܣҺͤЩ
һٶˣԴᴬڴƻ쳯ϹΣ˾Ϳʼãʼһɣһ¾ɽ֮ʣͬӽ㯣ŵľ
̫Ҫһĵҩˣ޹Σ޹ع֤ǻ˲κ˲
Ƭأûϴ𣿡
ȷǻҽĵǸҽƬ𣿡ҺͤԵЩûʧ
ӽЦƬٰСʱأȷĻҽҶϺģϺҽԺģΪǸԺġ
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ҶһغڣҽԱͷ
Ϊֱ粻ٷ˵ֱ緢ĿԣǺ͹ִ¹ʶӼ𣬼úϿʼʵҹְƣֵֵסԺҽҪעסԺҲҪҪȵĲˡ
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˶ӴϢˣֱʱһڰ״ǶκģץҶһص֣µĿңҲǹµ޲ҽ׬ѽ
ס顢Ҷһ¡ȵ˿Ҫҵʱ޲ҽͻȻ
ҶһһɴŵָָԼ
ң
޲ضͷͬʱϯ̨ϵĿԺҲ˹ضͷ
һڰ״³¯Ȼʿĵؽ漸˴ϡ
ǻʣ˿Ժڡҽ޲ҽİҽ
ԺȿڣĿɨˣҶһϣҶ˽Ҫл˵ˣѷ󷨹٣ҴѾְˣκ͹̸ֵУҲô˳
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Ҳˣúϵĵλʮ⣬ڹ쵼ֻͷΣҲΪո˵޲׬˵ԭ
ռúϵϿ׼޲ǹϴεʸģʱҲҲ˭˼ء
ᣬȲҪǰѻ˵Ժ
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ܹȥ⻰һҽﰵһȴһܻģ޲ҽ˵˺û
Ҷҽʲô뷨𣿡ԺҶһһֱһԲº͵ʵ
Ҷһʶؿ򲨶ڣʦҲڵϼҽڹ˽󲨶ڵڼúϵĵλǱѰԺᵱѾǸġ
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ҶһЦһʵϰҽѧϰģû
ڴƣҶһûûжֻܸһ䣬Ψһһ̨ѷʱȼģƣȻ³¯ʱȻĶ˵ࡣ
ҶһصĻ䣬޲Ͼ͸ԵЦ⡣
Ҷҽңһȷѡ񡣡
ֳһƬڣȻ
鿴Լʦٿ޲ҽ󿴿Ժ
ǸʣأСʵ
޲ڰ˲еϲУ⣬붼ͻشҶҽûʽҽʦʸֲ֤ʱʱڳҲ˳ɡ
лҪ˵һֲ֫1963ǵĳΰŶΪֲ֮֫


069 
ԺͲڡҽҲӻ߳ȥ
뿪ǰҶһصļ򣬡ھȻʲôѻʲô뷨ʱңСڵıҪƣֱӸ˵
ҶһԣҲɷһ˿ůͲΪʦͽʵദʱ䲢ȻѾѧͺԴ
һԵ޲ҲЦű֤ҽģҾԲİͽġ
Եͷ뿪
ٴαӵ飺
ͬһԵİҽҲԼİͽᣬףʱ˵
ԣ¶ֹı顣
˵ҶһΪԭȥȻܻøѧϰᣬǰΪúڿһĵһˣˣ˵ȥȻĲڿǿ
ʦҡҽ俪ڵ
Ȼû˵ֻ꣬ʦҰİ칫Ҹţʱ
ף
˵İ׵ļŲҽһ˳ȥ
ǰİ׵ļһͬ˵ģʦô˸칫ңңƽˡ
ףһ㶼ûбο
˺ˣ˶ˣô̸̸Ĺš
޲ҽ˸λ£漴ߵλãʾ
ȻǸȫµĿңȻҽԺ͹ЭĲΪҽѧʷŨīزʵһֵ˵ػǰѷ¼ǽ˴ͻôһ˲䣬ְҵֵ֡
޲طǳˣһڿƵһ˰ףһƵһҶ˲ŶУʹ޲й緢ĸо
˿ϵıӦÿ쵽ˡ
޲صĻ䣬һ˶
޲ҽЦվ
ű򿪣ֻһϤĹͺͺԴǰ
Ҷҽתʵһ٣˲ǱˣʽϺʮֻҽԺĸԺ
ֻһһ߱ԹһΪȥİ칫ң淢ûˣǻʿ⡣
ԺǿŹͺͺͷϴμȣԺؽͷͷˣͷĿ˵Ǵݲ
ޣǸԺû˵Ҹһ¡ǰ
һҶһأϾͳһЦݣںҶһشкҶҽּˡ
ԺˡҶһȻʱڼúϣϻ¶ºƵЦݣһ˼̨Ҳˡ
ҶһصĻȻԺãԼͺͺԴЦܶ˶ô˵񣬹
ˣԺɵĻᡣ޲ԵЩΣָָҶһԱߵİ׺飬ܵҶҽҾͲˣλǰ׺飬ǼúڿƺƵҽ
ϺʮֻҽԺԺ޲ͬʱ˽
Ժ
Ժá
׺ҲЦźк˺ѹ޲ؾͽ⡣
ҹֵƶȺ;ȻĶԼú˵µĳԣ˱δ֪ĵ·ǵͬѧϰǸõѡһ¥ҸĳɾȻǰǽʮֻҽԺѧϰһǵҹֵΣȻ
顢סҶһأѧϰҲ˵ҪȥʮֻҽԺϰࣿ
Ҫѧϰ¥ãȷʡ
ãһݣͿʼҸ죬ҶͨһΣȻģεеֱŲ
סģ顣
޲ҽԿ
ԺЦǺǵҽԺҲְᣬʱʰһǵûǼúϺãᶼ˼䡣
ԺĻ䣬Ͼ¶ˡˡı顣
ʲôʱʼ˵ѧϰʲôʱʼҶһʳĵ⡣
׺۾һգգؿ޲غ
޲ҽ緢˦˦İ״ӣȻڣǾȻһ佲ЧʵĲţܽ¾Բϵ죡Ѿˣôlet\'\'\'\'s go!
޲ص²УԺЦУͰ׵һ±УҶҽһ̾ϢУĳʮҽԺʻȥ
ͬʱ
ãҽԺ
ãǻҽԺ
ãƴ
ԣǻҽԺ
ҽԺеĵ绰ˣСߴǰ̨ʿ̨绰ֱӺԺ쵼ϵ
ȷϵָѾϵһʵ󣬺Ȧˡ
ʵңǻҽ𣿻ҽ˭
Ȫţ˭ҵþ˼ܸͬǽǵģǻҽġƴõ϶һ̣绰ͷʣﲻЩꡣ
ʱҵΪƬظõܶ
ԺԺЩýĳӰҽԺŸסϣ˶ýˡʿæƴš
ƴԣ̹µ绰ߣȥ
ҽԺſ
һų۴Ž˿۾һȺȺӰǺҽԺı
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ҽѧ漣ǻȺڵܼǣʷĴ󣡡һ˱Ƶ˹ӴǳҽԺ
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Щֽһ֮࣬ǵĴԹǼҲǿͿģƽĿ޳˹˹ĵǣȴһáŶһš
˵ļȻ֪ǶȥˣǶǵı˻ߣںʲôƵġ
ҽԺ㿴ңҿ㣬Ⱥ˿жȺڡʷĴñӻһһ㶵ģǲǽȥզôˡ
ա죡һʿڱεĿ㵽ս
أתͷǺ棬㡭˵ľ㣬״һźӵ裬˼ҺӲˣǰ·ʵʵģ˼Ҷ޳ˣû
һͷ˹ȥ漴죬˵ˡ
㣬ͻǰǰı壬Ϊ˰Ѳ˱ƴűƴѹһ£ڻûأ㶼ȵ˼ˣ
һ۾ʶһƣȻϽϼ
ǶһˣһëͷСƵģذǵĹߣǶˣʲôдʷܼģ⣬ǵҽǻʿǵְβˣǵãӺһȺҽԺŶˡ
ʱһҪȵĲΪǵ·ҽԺô𣿶˵ǡ
۳ͷһϺˣʿƴߵǰ
ࡢࡢ֣ͤλ˼ǻʿƢȽϼ˵ͳ˵㣬ҲҪ֣Ȱ·óϾҽԺβ˵ĵطҵҲ֪Ҳϵġ
ƴس˺һڴһ̨¡
ǣǿǲˣСܣѳһߡ
Сš
С
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ƴ״λ֪СүָȷʵǽˣСүƲᣬ񻹴Դ״ָ̬ҲƶϣСүС̺ҲӽھСүĲ
ڳļλüͷһ壬ҵĵϸģϵС̺Ųλ̫̫ĸ
ɷÿ϶Ӱ첡ϢһҪģҾãͨͬˣô˽ȥҲ϶ǲʵģλء
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λ֪⣬Ȼƴ⻰ﻰ˼
ǱȿڣС԰ңǶȥɡ
˺Ǳͷձ˱Ҳ׷׿ڣſһȺ糱ˮȥֻʣºֽ˲ǰվڻҽԺǰ
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ðЩֽйعĲ׷ҵ˼ҵļ£һȥҪú˵˵⺼ǵȦӿҪˣ
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Ұ˵׷СүֲţʵΪСүһֲָ̨ȫȫޣȫĵһⲻҽѧ˵ش󣬶˵Ҳش󰡡
ԣһ㶡
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̫̫ҪȴҰסˡ
ԺԸܲɷãǲܴŴϴϡ
ƴͷȻ뼸λƲҰ칫ΣʡôСүϢ
ҷʽܺǱձ˱ĲɷãͬʱõǱͷҽԺȥϢ³Ǳӿӡˢٶȣƹڰӡһ챨
һֲָںǻóɹ
Сүָϣһֲָںǻóɹ
ҽԺʿ̨
̫̫Ҫʲô𣿡
Ŷû£Ҿʹ绰ιأ
źӻҽԺ߳³Ǳʱӿ̫̫һͨ绰ƽĺһʯӵĺ棬ԽԽԽԽ󣬲Ųɢơ
ƴλ󣬴Ӷ¥̫̫Ķüͷ΢壬ص칫ұ㲦ͨ칫ҵĵ绰
绰˺ܾãõƴΪᱻͨˣµʱһϤӵ绰ͷϣưôʱҴ绰Ǳ߲Ӧ°𣿡
ƴЦ°أǼһ˺üСʱûء
˵ء
ϣϻضֵǸСָȷɻˡЩý岻֪ĵõϢһ˼ѪƵģҸո߼λⱨֽҪǳˣֲָںǻóɹҿöЩѪڡ
ҶҽǱʲô뷨ҳԲ׼ģúϽҪȥʣҶҽб뷨Ҳϡ
ԣŶһ
ƴֺѵķӦôôƽֻ绰ͷ˵Ҷҽ뷨ǰɣȵȡ
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ȥûͲ̧־ͿһɴƲƲ죬ϰߵͲ
ιԺãҶһء
绰ͷƴͲûȣ顱һˤϣŵҶһæѻͲõÿЩ
ҶҽһСӵ绰ͷ
ţң𣿡


070 
ָ飿
Ҷһعµ绰ʵ
šҶҽͷ⡣Щýע£޷Ϊϣŷֶ309021ͣǱͨϲּġ
ʲô뷨
ҵ뷨Ҷҽλϵİɴҵ뷨ҵ¿ȥɴˣӽ24СʱӦѾ裬Ӱͨˡ
ȻʧЦҪҽԺģҷǸͶģɣߣȥҽֵĵط
˴¥ȥ
ϺʮֻҽԺװ޺ʩȽϾɣռȴȼúϴöࡣ
ƣҶһ¥Ƶҽ칫ңңǵûǵôʵǴ̣ͨмӣһ͵һá
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·ǵҽʿ͵͵޲ص˵ͬʱк
÷һ¡һ׳˶ĸߴʿ֡
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÷һ¥Ļʿúϵ޲ΣҶҽҽҽһܻ⽻ѧϰ
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Ҷҽ̲סЦɿһڵλԼ˵ͺáָָ޲ǣȻ˵òһ㣬ͨĽû⡣ʦӢĵĻһʱ롣
÷㵵ؿҶһأָָָԼʦң
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Ҷһغ֪طӦʦƺʱǶô𾴵ĴڣʱְŮ˵ʦĿ϶ǶôĲס
÷ۿһ˲ʪǻʪ⣬ЦҶҽܻʿУʦƺ鷳ġ
Цúˬ¶ȣȴҶһصЩζ
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ʮֻҽԺͦʮλţ̧˿ʱ䣬ֵҽ԰ɡ
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ۻǰõĴȻţҲһԱ˯Ҫ£Ҳܴ֡϶̫ƽģ칫۵˿һС
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Ү˸Vƣ߸˵ظҽ칫۵ȥˡ
÷ҶһڿеЦҶҽҲȥϢɣҾڴԣʲôһģǾڻʿ̨ء
ҽ˵öԣ϶̫ƽġ
ҶһصͷشŰ׽칫Ϣˡ
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飬顱
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ѽһǳɫ۵ɫ̵سںʮֻҽԺſڡ
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칫һҽҲ类첽߳ߵҵıǰ
ô𣿡鿴ģʵ
ӱģͰһһ״ӵģǿ̫̫̫̫ˣһ룬˵ΣգҲ£һʹܲܰңܲܰң
Щ״Σۿˮͣ۾ͷϻ£֪ˮˮ
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ҶһؿҽܻʿҽԺڸ𣿡
ԣ¶εɫҽԺûư
ܻʿǰ20ӣ·ϵʥҽԺרҵĲҽ
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OKOKʪʪģЬͺãллŵĸл
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ʮֻҽԺشϺͷĽ紦ԶǶݺӣʮĴϺ޺˸ΪԵʣ·ϵ˺ͳѾˡ
ŶҶǸýи⳵ģߴ绰˰ҵĳ
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Ϊʲôģ·ǴҵģҪˣӦǡ
ܻʿҡҡͷɷǲҪȥ·


071 
б·𣿡ܻʿͷʳӡ
УǵһΣôأʱûеģʮӣʮӡš
ӵָ·ԿҽԺʮҵĲ·̣һ··Ϻķѵʱ͵ýӽСʱ
ƻǲƣ˰һҶһǰѡ⡣
·ǲͨ¹ݣ
ԣ¹Ǳߡ
ҶҽĿǰİ׺ϣ飬㱳Ű׼װ
ҶһصĻû˵꣬һ۵Ĺһ۵ĽγͷҶһʶɡסĿĹ⡣
ǻٶȡ
Сӣʲôʲô⣡ûεҶҽ
ҴҴˣܿƣұӣ
Ϥ𣬳ͣ࣬£һϤԲҶһǰ
´ɱž١Ҷһϳǰˡ
źƳ֣ɶٰҶҽСžУҪȥĶһ̣
Ҷһһһ㶼ûԥллһ˵һߴ򿪳š
ܻʿһ
÷С֣һۣͷקһԻڷĳӾľܡ
ȥɽ62šҶһڳ󣬡߿ƹȥгӵĻ·ҲʮڸϵȫԽܡ
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ԺҲһЦҲǵһ˵˴һͬͬʱ̨ģҧҧûֱӾܾȥ
İתĹעлʱ19:12֣еһע

Ҷһغڽ
첽̨߽һ𶯣аգֱ˵ؿʵ
Ҷһһˢһ߿ûС
Ҷһصֱ׳ˣ˵ô϶
Ҷҽˮµһ٣ֻ·ܻܻ
Ҷһã漴Ц⻰ȥ˵ҽС
ˮַ䴩زһ
ʱС֣ͰѺʮԺƸθйˣС֣˾ţ֮Űλ뵽ҡ
ԺԤϵûд˶ܽҶһص˵ολβûۼҶһصʵ
̨ʰһⲻܣ˻û㷨˿϶̨ϣ
ΣԳԴ˼ڳѪˣκһʱҪһ⺢Ψһ·
Ҷҽ֪ǼúϵҽΪҽҲԼжϣ̨һ̫󣬶мͬ𣿡
ûͬ飬֮һԲΥΪҽԭΪڸλСúøĸ𣬶̨ϡ
ҶһλΣҽ˼ҪľжϣԶᶨԼжϣҽصԭ
ҽҪͬ飬ܲܺһ
ⲻ÷£ҲǸȨǸһ仰ҶĴҽҶһŬŻһ󱲵ͷιͨ
ҽҶһأ̾һҶҽ㣬Ҽҵжϡ
Ҷһ³һ֪ˣ⡣תͷ׼­С֣ȥ˼ûûȺҪˣ˵˵ġ
С֣ʿϱҶҽոָһ¶ԥģͷܡ
Ժ鷳ҵ֡
Ӧúܸɴܻ࣬ʿ˼绰ʱԱȫˡ
30Ǻ­ǴˣҲ֪ǴֻǹĦһҶһѪĹ̡
ԼĪСʱС֣ʿŷȻXƬˣάXƬܿʮޣǿóѪ⣬Ȼжಿλۣǹ۰ѣΪXƬصԵʣôҪļǶȲܿ
ҲҶһϰԵʱûCTûȶȥһһ˷ʱ䲻˵ܵʱ䡣
ƲͬȰԲˣʱظʱİɡ
СҶҽϣ
ҶһһˣϾôҽӦüҳ
ǰ׼ѷȻͷɾȥ
˵ţ첽ȥ
ո¥λŮҲлҵıķ⣬Ŵ򿪣͵վ첽Ҷһء
ߵҶһزԶãȻɫһ˿⣬Ҷһؿڵ
Ҷҽȵؿʶң
ҡҡͷҸոտˣҴ¥ʱСүȻȻһǣҽȴȻȻߡ
ллĶСҰߣǲʲôҶȽСүģһʱȻȻûбȹ
˵˵ţֱӴۿ˳۾ŵģˮôͻأؾˣȻƺ˵ûһ˿ʡ
ȻӦõģ˵ĺӣǳлҵģлҵģȻҪСүǽ졭лллл
þûҶһ˵Ҳͷˡ
˵ţҶһС֣ҪǩǰɣҲ֣ܰӡ𣿡
С֣㶵ͷţԡ
ӡȻ˫ֵݸС֣ỹȴǿһĨЦǰˡ


074 
ҶҽҶҽС֣ҶһغһЩʧСؿں
ҶһعЦЦ
߰ɡ
û°ɣ
û£ֻͻȻüеء
صûаա
Ѿ׼飬һλʮҽҶһؽæ˵ͷ
̨ʿˣܻʿС֣ҽվԱߡ
յҶһɻĿ⣬Цע˳СһʶҵĹͽˡ
ҶһصͷСҽݺ;ηĿ̨
ܻʿѾȻͷһɶ
Ѿܲϣʱ׼Ŀ˵Ļ䣬ҵӰƱ򿪡
Ұɡ
ҶһؽӹܻʿݹͷƣʱͷýƳɵģֵ˵ߣʵᣬ˵ǵ¹ڵģʮԺû
һСʱãһӵĿ­ҽĲӶ÷ˣû취ӰƵޣҪϸҪͷƵĲԴġ
Ҷһһͷƣ˿ǽϵĵʱ䡣
ʱ20:17ʼ
Ҷһص˵նȻΪ֪ͬΣںˡ
ϡ
Ҷһؿеҩˮһǰ˿ڱǺͻߣΪȻֱӱͽҵģλǰ׼ֳɣXƬܸϢޣҶһһʱԹѪ׵׼ȷΧ
ƺüֹǰ꿪­ķٸ̽Ľѡһ֡
ܻʿؽһƿϴ򿪣ƿڳҶһط
ҶһֱպȡڷȻͷϿʼǡ
ģСҽ۾һգգģҶһһ߶λһʵ
ǣΪҽһСҽ˵
ҶһؿһۣСҽţֻ¶ֻ۾Ǵ˫۾п˼ᶨɡ
ţȷĿ꣬ߺܶ·Ҷһص
Ҷҽȫ±ڵʵʵֻ¶ֻ۾ʽǿһ˸пȰĻ˵ڳûһʲôԡ
߶ԳԴˣɰмӲĤѪ׺ǳѪףΪƬܵõϢޣǸݻͷ̬㼰­ǹжϡ
Ҷһһڣ˾ָ֪СҽСҽıһͦñֱȫÿһ񾭱źš
Сҽ˼λʿ״ӵĶҲ͵͵
ʱƿһϡĿҡ
ƵӵĴԣѶȴҪҽмʵ㷺֪ʶͼ侫׼Ƽ
90ĻһҽҪѵŻᱻһ̨1933ȫΧƵҽԺһƾĳ
ʮֻҽԺûרŵƵġ
ߵͫɢȲ̽Ҳࡣ򨡢򨡢­Ѻ˳νײ̽
ҶһҩˮڷȻͷ׵ǣͬʱͬµĹǰпڡ

Ҷһضλϣһóλãȥһ޾ףͬʱǰӼȡȫͷ

Ҷһػ׻ͷƵƹ򿪣ָѹͷƤͷƤһɲǣ˶߷·ͷƤ
ֱе˹Ĥ

ĤȻĹĤƿһԵʱ׼ţĤƿһ㣬Ѹͻǣס
ҽҲٽгϴʹҶһصҰ
Ҷһؿ΢Ӵ­ǵ꣬üͷ΢壬ȻֻǸʮĺӣ­ȻȳС˲٣30­ǵֱ꣬Ⱥһֹ
˵ĴӶܵ٣΢һ֪ϰʧصԡ
ҶһصĿɨе̡
20עҰӵײ㣬ȡס
Ȼ֪ҶһͻȻüעͼҽĻǾȨܻʿ̵ͷͿʼע
Ҷҽ
ҶһصͷӹעֱӽͲ׷ڼҪ׵­ϣײ׼׵㡣
ŻҪעס
׵ͲףͷעͲ­ǣܸöλֹλɵˣ̶ȵرԱߵ֯
ϴҪͣ­ǵҲǵ꣬Ħܻһ̶ˣʱϴ¡
ǣҽ̶
ȻֻһССעȴעпҶһصĹף㰴ͰǸ֣λҶҽȻʱĶʹֻһСɣǶʽָƣôʱּЧļϸĽ
ģлѪ
Ҷһ沿ȥӲĤĤ³ɫǾ˵ȻӲĤлѪԴˣҶһصľѪףⳡͨˡ
ǣ
ʮпӲĤѪӿ˳
Ѫ
ҽǰѪԺҲߵҽߣʱ׼æ
򨲿ȷѪף͵ȷͶ
ꡣ
ϴŲעͲ룬ģпӲĤѪϴȻ󶥲ɫٴγǰʱҵն¶
Ҷһؽӹܻʿݹ
һ壬һƬҲ壬ûŵʱ򡣡

˴ΧѪ׺ԴˣðСԴƿ
ԸոĶ򨼸Ϊ㣬пӲĤʱҶҽҲ˲κÿÿֻƻ˷Ȼٸëף᲻˼ҡͺˣñ֤ͷǹ㹻̽鵽򨼫ѡ
пϷ𣬹̶ƬѪʹѳһڰ״ǰʱֻõǵĺ
ŸϴҪ𣿡
Ҷһûһ˿˶˲ȻӡĻо𣿡Ļѹ
ܣǲܻɣܷ
ҽǶһɥʧˣôϵСһһûˡ
­׺ڳɾһ㶼ʣ¡
ǡ
ʱһһعȥҶһزûзԵĳѪԴⲢһϢ˵ȻĳѪܴʷ˨ˡ

ûҵԳѪԴҶһֻõպาǣԷ̷ԳѪ

ȻƤ²Ѫ׺Դˣвٻ֯һһ
Ҷҽӿˣ
Ҷһ֯ʱһ룬Ѫ׺ͻ֯ӿСҰ
ϴȡ
ѹߣƤ֯ʱ򣬲Ѫ׺ͻ֯ӿû¡
롣
á
ЩʵģӿҪ봩ȷϡ

Ҷһһڰ׻ʵϵʱǴԿԼͬ鱻п˵ĺë˲һӴƤ㿪ʼѸٴﵽ֫ٺ
ϴ
Ҷһ̧ͷҽһۣҽһ飬ǰδеٶתˮʵʣ޾׵ָǲʵʣģġ
Ӻʶһ㣬ͷһһ⣬ʹҽԴر
軨أҪ嵽ʲôʱȥҶҽһùϴԳϴ
ҰɫĴҶһصһһģ˵ҲһһģӰǶ
ŵգڳϴԻ˲٣񾭻ǱýģҶһѪ׺ͻ֯ҵѪֹѪ˵ĸᵽɤۡ
Ҷҽ
Ҷһط̾һȥɡ
ҽ鷳ˡӽСʱ̣ͷϼصͷȺͳʱ񾭽Ҷһصľ
˼ǽϢ̧ժͷƵĶ
ſţıԽԽͣԽԽͣȷȻȥȥĸXƬλȥڣãܵĻҲϡ
ʱҩƷҲ̫ǿˣԷȻӣ48СʱȫξԻº֢ҲϣƬӳɣһš
Ҷһţ֪ʲôʱʧȥʶ
ҶҽҶҽߴϤ
Ҷһ͵ѹС֣ˣ
С֣֣ҽ߷Ϻˣٿһۣôͷƾ˯أˣĲӻðɡ
ҶһؿЦô˯أӴľʹüû£һȥˮͺá
һ˵һȡͷƣ̨
òʲôʱ
аСʱҡ
Ҷһؿ˿ǽϵʱ䣬Ѿ賿һˡ
УǾ͵ȰСʱɣˣҵطɡ˵һǽֱӿ˵ϡ
ҵĵԶɾģȼĴϽ٣鿴Сҽ羴Ŀסֱɵڵϵ
ҲѧҵӵҵӣǽǽһȺ״˲䶫ᣬ·طǰٰһ룬Ǿֱؤˡ
Ҷҽɹܻ𣿡С֣ʿûסʳڳ˶ʵ⡣
ﾲĵģе¼ĻʿҲͣ˶˵ĿⶼҶһء
Ҷҽ̧ͷʱûγޣѪҲǳģԴжȣжˮףɡ
СһɲԴϵˣ˺͹أҶһĿɨ̨۵̾һ
˴Ҷһص̾˼Ҳó
ʮĺӣȵļҾк֢ȻǲƵģͬҽ­ĺ֢ܲµ
ۼճ
ִƳĬҽĶֹһˣ̬ƽ㣬ֻҪѹС㱣סˣʮСʢء
ôһӸ˭𣿡
Բʶ⻹һĸס
ž
ԼԼգǿһЦݣŵ˵ǲǺЩˣ
һ㶣漴ﴫˡžžž졣
ҶһغһۣƤ˳飬⡰Զ·ֶ̡ܴȾģ
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Сʱһһڶİ״˲䶼վֱ塣
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˵ÿİ͵ԵʣӢĴ˵һ飬ֻۡ
ʮСڵĴԻôӵԡ˵ߵȻߣʮȻȻõ˵𣿡


075 
ҶҽҶҽ֣֣ǩˣС֣ʿ˽
ѪѹΧ
Ѫѹ70/38ܴ
Χ52
2%³ȥҿû50mlע
ҽæתܻʿѸǻ̰עƷ飬תͷҶһ˵Ҷҽеϡ
Ҷһض˸OKƣͬʱԼ̫Ѩȥϴ
ˮֱģƤܵµĴ̼ʱڻָ˷ܵ״̬ҶһһԼ⡣
ëɣ˫»صҡ

Ͽ֡ñӡףվ̨ǰ
ϡͷ˵
Ҷһصͷ롣
޾׵ҵС겿ͳܹǵصϷ1ƫλãʳ̶ֳָָ봹ֱ롣
ͷֿǿջʧоˣҺͲ
˵ĿⶼҶһеͲĨĿĺɫͲʱиӡ
ȡҺ״̬ѾȷǸǻڳѪˣΣͬʱһڰ״ҲһȷѪΧֻܱͷӬһתĺá
ٱһѪѹ
Ѫѹ80/54
ȻѪѹʵûпԴﵽı׼Сڵ״ֻ̬ȿݿ˱ˡ
׼
Ҷһ˵һڰ״Ѹ͸λСҽԹɵԼλϣذŰҡ

пڣпƤ㣬΢΢ĸĤһҶһضͣĤڽӴƽ͵졣

ǻһ򿪣ҶһؾͿƫѪ飬ǻ֮ʣֱֽȻƢ𣬹Ȼ
ѸסƢ١
Ѫǯ
ҽѸٽӹܻʿݹѪǯƢٴ
ǻ̽飬ûйļΨĺѣΪȷλãҽ뽫ǻڵһһϸ̶̽ͽֽеġ
ΡƢθϵĤȡǻڵٺܶ࣬ݸǻȼĸĸǼнġ
Ҷһش򿪸ǻѪƫ࣬ͻʶذƢҽĤһпɨһ۾֪ĸ
ҶһصֻɿƢ٣һۣȷֹѪǯѾʱѪֹסŲƢһ泯ԼȻһ
һ
һ
šۡһƢӦϣҶһؽʧȥĲƢһӡ

ܻʿԭԤӦõݵҶһֱֽƢѲָˣȻǲˡ
Ŷáܻʿæ漴˳ݹȥ
һŸǻڻѪ֯һĿɨԶƢѲ֣İͻȻԼĸе
ҵСҽɫҲЩ԰ף顭ŶһĻʵǰݣų̂Сҽ˵ʮ𺳵ġ
رǺҴĳǶȿƢЩһȥһ༴Լѵĸо
˿ߡ
ʵһоҽ˵ûʲôԼֵָˣҶһظգȻ۶ϻȵȥЩȴ̶ȵرƢ֯õرܡ
ƢԾԳѪѪ֧ס˲λƢ⶯֧
Ĥ
ὫĤڶϿڣ漴Ƣิλ
ǸҶҶߡʮָڸ¶ıϻͶȣ۲ǷˣСһõġ
ȻǻڳѪȴûԼٵƣҶһüͷ壬漴С󷽡
һСҶҽ֪ȻСضˣҺļСϵĤסϵĤ϶
ˡ
סϵĤѪܣȻǻĳѪбסƣҶһ֪ѪԴĴͷҵˡ
Ѫǯ
;סҶһ³һ
ѪҺȷֳѪļ٣ɫ۾¶һ˿ܵɫϵ۱ӣСסˡ
⻰һ˲˲٣˵ѹֵһһɨ⣬СҽǸ˺ҡ
ӰλСʾȻ״ӣҲƢôһ죬ȥȥ˳Ƣ˾ϰˣ
ûأ˵̫硣
Ҷҽ鿴СϵĤϵѿڣСϵĤ𼸺ȫѪҺӦͻ˶ĴҪ⵱ģһСľͻº֢


ز޲гȵľ޲һѪ֧ϣС֣ʿ˵֡
Ȼֲʱ˵ľٶʹյܻʿӡ
С֣ʿڨڨؽԼַ£漴żҶһز˲
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Сƽףһһߣȥд׾֯ǯϣСǰ󳤵öһ΢һľͻԼ鵽һˡ
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ҽҶһػ׵ĶЦҶҽ߳⾭黹˵㣬ǻѾܸɾˣ뵱Ҵ򿪹һǷ©ģֱһСĻء
治ɫĲһˣϴ˻ܼأû꣬©ģʱ򣬻ֱ©ء
һڰ״ӣ
ʱһһȥҽԺ糵죬µһ١
⣬һҹֻ۾ضҴţѾ˾ɫʣ
󴦳
Ҳ֪ģϾ˯ÿһСʱҪһӲһˣ˳㡱ҵš
Ƶʣûʿֵ̨ĻʿֹƷʿСŻֱȥƵĽ顣
óڽ򷹵͹Ĺطڻʿ̨ϣԺȥҶһǳӣǺ˵ʱ򣬱˵ˣϲš
˵ҽİ׶ͦõģôСҽϹһβ˺ûͷŵ
ȻҲпܱšϾСҽңҽһϴһû
Ҷҽ
飬ͽˡ
õģҶϸϳһǿЦݡ
ҽĶԶȥıӰгĽɫʡ
7:42
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ΪܻûεҲͣԵʣСҽѵģᣬҿֻ״̬֮ѾԵ״Ƕ˲١
ʦ˯ɣҽǡ
һСҽС˵漴ӭ˴ҵϼҽĿ⡣
8:16
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ѾܺˣԴƢѣĸҪģСסˣļҲǴġ

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Щ㯵ؿҶһأҽԲû飬Ҳ̫öʲôԼ־Ҫ
ҽǲֻźû˼˵ģʹģҲ߼һпԣĳЩ£Ϊ˱ĳЩҪķաͻᣬҽ˵
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һʱ䣿ͷظһ飬࡭ãСʵ
Ҳ죬ҲһݣҲ£Ҳһӡ
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Ȼ裬˵һֻĿܣҵľ飬ȻԲ˻ûصΪֲ˵ĳ̶ȣʱ˺ѵԵΪҪ˵־һĶֹһ㣬ˡ
ԣԶԣ˵ˣˡţߵ˫۽յĶߣ¡
ȥӻҶһضܹӵСʿ˵
Сʿͷкͬӻȥ
ޣϵ۰Ժã٣Ҫȥ˯һȻһġһ˵ţһ¥ϴȥһĻֱӱһ
Сֽģҡҡͷҽ춼ϢɣȥẰǣŶˣʿ̨еԵģûأֱȥ˯θãȵһ档
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ҶһҲȥʿֻ̨ߵһ룬ֱ۾ͱסˡ
Ķģˣȵ緹
ڽ򷹵ϰûеҲʲϾ¾ô֪ҽԺҪҹ󣬽һ緹ȻֻݡлⲻǻûˮţӪҲȱ
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Ҷҽ۾ݡĬĬת˾ʮȣЦллᴦˡ
лĲǿ˫˼䣬лһŴһŴ˯ġ
ֻһӣҶһָŴ˵ڽ򷹵͹Ķе࣬ͷ񲻹ţ⽺ͳ÷ŵϣϰɡ
ҶһɨͷǸʳУ˵ͷ
ڵĶ¶ǣҶһؾԼθ̹˲٣ԵĺȦû˯лⲻӦýͿˣ˶ҵ½ķθհɣչಡĺӣѧ
ЦŵͷԵ㣬лûѣһ˳ԲҲ˷ѵġ
Ҳ԰ոʳõģҲҲûгԹҶһص˸ӸӹһɲǣҶҽЩڨڨġ
ΪģȻոմϸǻʱǴ׵ģҳǰҲϴˣôֱʳﻹеֵֹġ
ӡԼͲ˰ɣЩӵľͺá
һ߳緹һ˵һ⽺ҶһصƤͿʼˡ
ҶҽϢһɣš
ϢҶһؽĻûߵϸźţϢţϢɣ˼á
Ҳˣˡʿ̨˵м¿Խҡ˵꣬һɣֱӱ˯ȥ
Źϣż˯ߵҶһأЦҡҡͷ˸ϡ
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9:15
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ÿʹӻӿѸҵԼѣ̨һƬ۵ϲ֮
ʦǵˡһʮҵøǣͬʱ˵
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˻ӻ֣ʦģ·ȥ
ǣ˾漴С߿
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ϺߣҲȥɡ
һ̨ϣͷ󿴿ҿ
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ȥţ˵ˣһ¡־ų˵
˵ͷ첽ṫݴš
ʱ˻󻹸˸ʮ긾ŮŮ͸ͷӣ¶ϲı顣
үˣôǰкأ죬ݣҸСү绰
үûųѾȥˣ⻰һû㱻˼СҪ¶ûｲ
үͷ𣬡أĩ˵ϰȥˣ
ЦСүƽնסĹԢڵزŻߣүȽɣ͸Сү绰
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ոաǳСӲҽȥҽͲȥˡĻڶôȥ᲻Եúû
Ҳ־үӵľᣬæڵʦʲôҪ⣬ҪȽȥɡ
⣿үظһ飬ǽȥ
ڣҲαظԼȥء־Ȱ
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ӺǸϺ߻ģͲ취дñûһûںǺܶ˶ƭˣҶҽҿɲҶҽ
һͷԶԶǵߣá
ָ˽űŽᣬʲô취˼ҹʼߣиҲܽȥɷõģס
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һֱһǰţ˾ͲЩᣬǻƣҸ⿿һĵطֻǲ֪ģֺľԽԽСˡ
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ܴͷƨƨߵʱ򣬾ͿԼ쵼һֻըëĹһڲⲽԼڵ
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ᴦʲôϵ


077 
㲻ȥϢ𣿡
߽һ죬ͷϵĲ˶ҪӺãǸлףũҩжĲ˽Ӹλҽһ֧ʷҪرעһ¡
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Ҷһؽ״ӿ۵һŦۣܵܣ֢״˾䣬˵ǼҶ
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Ҷһǰϵͷ̫滹и룬оָôˣȣ⻬ʹֲڣܸоˣ
ȵܸоǲ̣⻬ֲڻ̫УУҶҽ˵˵裬Ժ˵ˣÿͰĦӣ޲øҰСʱһС˵ģһ·Сʿֱɰ
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ЦҶһ㣬Ҷҽ㿴ֻأң
ڳһЦ
ҶһؽСӴߣȥ顣
ҶһǣϵߣϸҶһ˵⼸յüЦ⡣
ȻָСָԷˮ֮ļ鶼ˣҲģȫȫŵģҾллˡ
ҶһЦЦҸոۿֲָۣǺܺõģΪи룬Ѿʮˣһ°ɣһºҰѸȡ
УոǸСһ˵ÿ޲ðĦСʱʵĦֱ˶ʱԽԽãҽ˵Ӿӣʱ䳤ֻáҶҽ˵⻰ʱ̬Ȼʮġ
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ڿʼϵֿˣȥһ򣬻һɳҪأ50ңÿץȡҲҪãӣһֱε룬Ҫ֡
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ҺһۣԴӶԷп˲˼ɫҪ֪⼸Ϊ˶ֲָ²ãҲʹӲҲʹˣβ
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Ҷһϸϸһϵ֣صƣЦָú̺ܲҲûкԣȥĸXƬɡҶһ˵ſ˸ӵݸҡ
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Һʿ̨ѣҵţһ첲ɡ
統Ȼ֪Լҽ˵˭˸Ĵָû뵽ǻҽѧ绹ôţҿӾͶʮɣǰ;
ѽҶ˶ţϴϵֵָܻʲô̶ˣ˵ܽȫȫŵľллˣָܻһ㵱ȻǸˡ
ʲôƬӻء
һŶãڿҽҲ֪⡰ϵָٽȥ塣
ŶŶں޲ҽ֪֪
Ҷһһ߿ٷŲһߴһ˻һֱ߻ϼҽ𣿡
죬޷Լ˿̵飬ҶһһĴָ֪϶͸ˡ
˵޲شܣ»ơ
ҶһǸũҩжĲ˵д¡עҽͬʱҲܶȻ¡
׵ĸֱֽϻһصĺߣˣˣҶһػǸʵϰҽһûҵҽѧԼúһһ˵ĳνͻȻͲǺ뽲ˡ
ˣһڿƴλʱõģĸҪӣʮԺӵҽ
ҽһ˯ѵģҶһأʶͣ˴һĹǷͬʱֱͦš
Ҷҽܴ˵Ĵţҽʶصģ⸱ǷģΪջصᣬͬҽ˰ţûϢá
һ緹Ҷҽһҹ̨һ̨­һ̨ͻᴫʮֻҽԺˡ
ҽ㰡ҶһЦ
ֵҹҽѣҽӾС
Ҷһصͷ
ڿƲⲻ󣬰׽ҩҽͬʱһλ˵ֿƵ΢鷳㡣
һǰũҩжģҺúȵ٣30ũҩûôϴθָҲˣҶһػмҽע
һˣⲻ󣬽ͿԳԺˡ
зȻΪҶһ⽻ӹҲҪģΪҴ֮϶ú󲹣ܵģŴһ͵ʮһ룬°ó緹ˡ
ǸβȵϢϣһڻ˺桢ĿⶢǸӿһʱ䵽ˣ͵
ٳҶһذ칫ңŵҵģɷʱ䣡
Ҷһض˸OKƣ벻ԻҽԺʳãԣǿһ߳һ̸
βԣҲ˵ͷôãȷʵˡ
Ҷһء״βߣŶ飬ȻڣһԷǲµġ
鿴β·ϵı־ƲƲ죬ŶӢа
βһĿͬʱмŶ˰
ʼ磬ʾ֮Ļ⡣
һʳãʮֻҽԺ˷ֶһͰ׵ǰҲֻû
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βߵͷʾһٷĹǵȵüġ
ȻˣҽԺ˭֪һ̻ᷢʲô
ȵҶһسһڷʱʿɿسʳá
ҶҽǸũҩжĲˣҪܣ
Ҷһء顢վǿߣȻСܣɿʧʳ
βеӵѵҪһ磿


078 
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֪עҽͬ¾رע6ŴڸոգͻȻ죬Ҳֻһһģ뵽˵ģǾ֪ˡ
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֪ˡҶһس˼ӿ˽Ų
ճ극ܲ⼫Υ˰Ϊһڿҽԭ򣬵ǡܰܰɣϵ۱ӣΡθסθ߿
һ·ܵҡ
ܻʿѾˣҶһصˣһͬʱ
˽廪52꣬޷ƽɣֻܶϢʱ̼٣˵ѣֻܱĵ֡
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ƵʴÿʮΣÿ120Ρ
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4000ml2ӻһ߻׼עܻʿһ߷¼һߴ
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괰ĿɨԶϲ̹Ϣλ̾˿漴ŲԼĽŲǵȵȵȾ͵ȵȡ
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Ҷҽüͷ壬Ļͷβһ飬ԥؿڵԣǸУȱ첲ȵģ
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ֱϺȡҹͷǰɡҶҽӿڴóҵϣָָԼԱߵķʣɣȻڿƲ̫óǻܸһ㽨ġ
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˹ڿƲǿ񲡵ģ˼ҶҽûǸ˼СƵģ˼ҶҽҺлľˣǿҺϣҲö̬ȺõɡңϵָҲϵģ㻹Ҫ˼ء
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ԣû
ļٵģСҽС߰꣬Ŷʮͷɣôģ
һֱһкѵĸоǿЦЦԣġ
ʱռƬӴϴ߹翴ſվñֱɷˣ۾һҵ֣ߡ
˳Ŀ⿴ȥüͷһ壬Ȼµʲôλˣǣͻ鷳˵ţҲӿ˽Ų
ռҽúϵӰʶվŹߵֱǰֿŶſھ


079 
һη֣ԼҽԺҽ칫С˵㣬üһõģתҪҽˡ
ȥϰݻģû뵽ҽԺˡ
һž͸æүӴк
үתͷ磬ͣ£ֱ־յ˵䣬Ц̫̫ʺð
˵գĿ⴩磬䵽ǸСϡ
ϰɣүүүĿ䵽ϵϣټ¶һ˿
̧ͷԼ裬ٳԼҰ̣Ů˹ĿУ̵Ųǰүүá
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Ŷǿְ
⻰ﷴ̤ʵ˲٣ԴǸʲôֽԺſֵ˶ˡ
ؽСǰһݣ󷽵ʾ㿴
үϸشϵ֣Ų߲ãϸȥ˿ڵİ͹Уǳ򲻳Ƕϵٷȥġ
ܰѶֽȥүӲŵ
ҶһسǺѸ֮̾ʣڰѷȻ¼дãдļ¼ݸ֣ҽЦ鷳õˣдˡ
֣ҽӹ¼ûأһֻ־ʹԱ˹קקûקֵҽЦһ𿴣Զʳ
һ߿仹һţҽ֪Ѷ˵ָͷٽȥζʲô칫ټҲߡ
ʱүʳ˴Ҷĵ⡣
ȥģ
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Ҷҽ˼ϵһֲָ֤һ㣿һӢžرĳڳһ
ðһˣ
Ҷһûȥң̫̫Ƭ𣿡
û뵽Ҷһػʱһ£漴æƬóˡ
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Ժûҳȥĵ
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ϣ˼ͲˣôҲֲǳȥ
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Ҷҽ̾˿ѾʼĽкƶˡ
Ѵӷ϶мȥҶһؽƬӷڹƬϡ
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˵꣬ˣԴһʲô⣿
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Ǵϴϵ֣Ҫָãָܻʲô̶ȣҼæʡ
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үӿҵģȻ˾ŷ֣ϾҺռҶͷ˼ңܴԼĶҶһôһϷ
ţǵսʿûš
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ҶһٴùƬƣû
һƬɶ
룬롣⡣㲻˵ƾհŽϵָȥİɡĿôôѵء

Ŷʿ̴ټҽĿ¶XƬ㶵ؿá
ӺǵϺԺ壬ǹսĳģôǸҽƱĻȻһСһˡ
٣ƬӲУʵǰòϣܰѶϵָͷӻȥ
ǲҶһأЦֲʲô˵£ⳡѵܲҴŲһôĻҽͷ
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Ź߲ҪڶҪ㹻Ƥһ棬Ȼúܺá
֣͡ҽ̲סЦ
άı飬˿ûб仯
Ӧҵģҵһˡ
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ȿȡһֱû˵үڳҶһǰķϣЦһŵľջ
ҶҽͷҼʶǳոеģϡֺƤŶ죬ۻ˾ԲӢС
Ҷҽ곤߻ʮصģЦˣﲻ𣿡
ϵЦݸˣһȻԼֵժ¶ȱĽʣָ֡
Ҷҽҵ֣оȲ
ҶҽǰλЦ绨ϱ鸴ӡ
תͷ֣߼״̴˳նߵҶһǰ
Ҷҽң
ԣ鷳дŸʱλд£ֲָ㣬ָãָ12Сʱ8СʱʹҽԺָشˣȾ
ָ屣淽ʽӦøɾɴȣɴһñ顣ָɽӴֵκλѧԼ
˵꣬Ҷһתͷүӣһ㣿
ү¶Ȼʧı飬̾˿ҡͷЦûбİ취ˣʵ뵽ģǲĶѣллˣҶҽ
Ҷһ沿߲ʵǽġ
ҲôˣֲҪп˿ڣиȾķգûҪ
ͷϲЩɺ
ʱҶүһλͻȻڵǶָʦϺмô̷һˡ
Ҷһһʶ̧ͷĿɨڳˣҽڣȻûһ˶ӵ仰顣
ΪһȺӹյųƺԼβΪεҽǣǾȻ˵Ļʲôԡ
ҶһصԺﲻɸֲʱʦ˵Ļֲѧϵ̱ѧķչҪ¡ɺ͹ıϵģȻѧпܱĳЩ˵ѡ
ʧȥҶһʶʦ仰ĺ塣
ֲƣܳʱ
սϵıʣǿ򶨵ֻؽԼָ˵Ļ죬ΣǻԼĽֺҪĻҿ԰ĽֺӵĴĴָϡ
ҶһصĻ䣬ﴫһ͡Ц
үɫǺ죬Ҷһأ˶ոǸӵĻԺ
ҶһعǺһЦţͶͷȴȻ΢΢˺


080 
үӣҶؿĿƵˡӣɣʲôʰɡ
ԣ¶˴Цݣл£漴Ӱȡ¼̧ͷı
ãҶҽǡʱļлɷõôǵĲɷÿʼˡ
ôȣҶҽ֪ɵʷǰδеģ𣿡
Ҷرϣ˫ʮָ棬Ȼطϡ
֪ˡ
ôԴˣʲô뷨ʣѸʼͬʱ޸ɷø壬Ϊʱɷ⣬ɷøֳڡ˵ǸСս
뷨Ҷҽ΢΢ĦˡԼֲָָǡµʽµģ˵ϻڡֲָĲͬʱҲǾɵģµʽڶҽص̽
ÿѪܵãм졢񾭣Ǽǻۺͷչĳɾͣ㲻ңҲҽҽߡҽƷչʷıȻ
Ҷض˶٣Һƶسϣ˵ҽѧǡڱ˺źнѧƣµʽµҽƷĳֱ֣˺ź١㡣
µıʷɿ¼ţд۾ǰλҶҽ֡εشӰ졣
ٵĻߵְҽٴӾְŵҽƹߵλǻ۵ġѧߣλǴӡʮͷҽ˵ġ
ôֲֶָûпܱƹ㿪øܵ˵ҽѧĸ
Ȼֲָ˵ǼġڣʱЧҪǳߣֻиҽżĻ˽⻼֪֫ʶ̶ȵرźķߣҸոո㽲ֲָǰᣬϣܿڱֽϣø֪
Ȼԣ̵ͷЦҿԸ⽫յļ𣿡
ҶԲ̧ͷмҽԼҴŵ𣿡
ĺϼ˰ʣ뿿ſڿЦáº͵ҶأĮˡ˿¶ȣôˣ͸ܿе磬ƽȡг
׷ĶӰϣҶţҡֱ֫ٺԭСˣ֮ϲԸͷڳи߸𣬲մȾġ˿ª
ˣǵĲɷþ͵ллҶҽǲǻ棬ȥӰϾϵڡֲָСһҲ¼ʷ
ڣվͬʱʼǱŽٴʾлܲɷõҵҡ
ҶЦź֣ܽĲɷãҲҵҡ
⣬۰Ͱ͵صţոǸ˵Ҫգֽͷͷǵ֣ɰСүţˡ
ֽأ˵ˣǳ˲ֽܵͷͷǣ̷ûء
Сհɡӷ̽ͷ
ԣֻ۾ٶٶ١żʵĲܽҡ
cheese!
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̫̫ǣϵҶرʾлԽԽ̨ζʲôıӾǶô˲Ҷء
ҶҲαʾÿˡҪֲԼˡºȡʱ䡣
˶ߺҶؿ԰ŵ
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ĲҼҺл˹лϹʾҲզզģʵͦġ
˵š͵͵ҶأϣʲôʱѵģûĶʵҲãǸӦ
󴦳˼ҴܣϸͶͰСԲռｻײʹټس˼졢ʲı֡
ͣҶ̧ͷЩؿ
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Ҿ˹ΣĺֳܱĲǡģҲ࡭֪ôҶ˵󴦳С˦ԼƵ
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ܴͷҶҽллͦͦţллҶҽҴͷͺˣܾ٣ֵֹġ
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ƣ
ܴͷɫ䡣
ᴦϴҷʲôզȥأҴֲʶģȥƲȥ
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081 
γʹ磬ʻúҽԺ
һݲúҽԺȻ˲Сı仯
˸СŰ˴ӳ£ָԭҽһ¿һСЦ
Ŷеᡣ׾̾͸δĴϡԿĳ
ҽԺǰ̨ףԭ̨ˮ໺¡
ͺ̨׻ȣ30ƺʵ˵㣬Ϊƴԭ̨׾ȫƽˣŪһԲķɢ͵Ļ
ƣͦ˵İɡ
Ȼһ߽ҽԺŮʿıԹ
ޣ˭ģȺԴ֪·ڴ߸ЬŮʿ˵Ƕôߣ
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Ҷһ߳ʱ䣬û仯Ļθ칤̵Ҫ쵼޲ΰɡ
ʱ򣬽ԴҲ߸Ь޲ҽ̤Ĳ¥ݣҶһˣ¶ϲɫ
ޣҶס飬ǻˣߣҴȥǵľȻġ
޲⼸տν־˴ΣֵͷҲõˣԺ˾빫شߵˡ
ĸ칤̡
ǿ϶ᾪϲģزҽԺһ򹤲Ҫһֿе豸µģҽ칫Ҳµġ޲صԭڵķߡ
ԭλڽҲֱߵףʱȻԭҵĻϻ˲٣˲ʱͿһȶԿľţľߺȻֱдţúҽԺʱȻġ͡ϺйԮġ
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Ҷһԣһ٣һֱһ̨սҪĳɾ͸Ȼ̧ͷϿҶ֣صض޲˵޲ҽлҽԺҵϿɡ
޲رҶһ֣µ̬һڰЦⲻȻҽԺβ˵ĵط˭˭ϣ޹عҺ塣
ŶУҺ͸ҽͲҽۣǾȻĿԷֳڿƺ飬ѡһ鳤Ϊˣڿƣףûɡ޲ؿҽ
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Ҷҽ̾һȻǸʺ̨飬Ĳó
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082 
ΪںǵʱȹԾ̬Ⱥһİɡ
Ҷһ˵ţ뵽ʱֻ֣
ˣǣȵȣʲôʱعˣô֪ȥˣҶ浵
ҶһظЦ鿪һɵ춼ҽԺûǱ߽Ӵ¾Եʻᣬǽ黹ˡ
ҶһϱӾû̸һտʼ֪Լʱ̸һΣû¾ͱ˦ˣԭʲôţ˵̸ҸԱģˣ
Աģ
յ΢ŵʱ˻ңֻڻ¼Ĺֻ΢Ȼˡ
ǸСѾǲˣʶԼʱԼûˡ
ֱ빤ÿһӺ޲ãΧƵֶǽ𷢱۵ˣ˵ˣͰڶһֱάʮˮƽмٷڵ
ܲ˼Ҷһ㣬˼ϲɣˣһǱֱֱģһ·ġ
ԺֳֻƣܽҪϣҶһ˦˦ͷС˼꣬طڶʢ˲٣ʲôء
ܱ˵űϹԢ¥¥ݣ̤ţ˾齫ƺľײ
˺ˣҺˡ
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ɲǣǶӣ˷еĹƫȥҪԱҲ⹫Աôÿģ31ǻᣬô˿¼һٸҴ򷢵ɢȥˣһأһȥ⽻١
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һ̫̫Ҳˣ˵û˵ضƮƮȻġ
裬װ˵绰
30ĵ绰ݳƷˣʮԪԪװѣÿԪ⣬ƽһһԪϵͨѣͨͥһµ붼һγ;绰ġ
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ҶԷһۣǶϺôˣڲװ绰ͦĵġ
۳ضҪ߶߶ҶԵ£Ҷø첲Լҵܵһۡ
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бԹţȴѸȥ
ض߽ҶҽųһҶҸڡ
ҶԹԵشӳóҶݲ裬ǿԤװһ޶ϵĳˣڹжֲִǲ֪˵ģλᴦϵĲĻ򳡡
Ҫӣִǰ湦ˣʼǶιȥ˻ʱ䣬Ҳڱ
Ҷһأ
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ŵ绰ͷҴ뿪ĽŲŻͲҶһزȻʧЦʲôû˵ء
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鷿˵
ǺƣʹץĻôˣ浱Ƕ𣿡ɫڳ˵һҽԺǸզզͷˡ
ĦԼֱı棬ЦϺ⣬෽ûԼװ˵ӲƫƫΨһ˳Լֵλñ˸ռˣȻʹ졣
ϲΪңԼģץס˻˹ģھ¾־Ӫôãʲôèܿվͼܿյġ
΢΢ɳϣսҵλãѾ̸ˣͻȥǣܵλòǿճȥӡ
ɫԻӿڴóһ֧̣ȼΣ֮ʣЩ˻ֻ֪ĶǣȨ־ʿǣо˰ɣҪ̷ˮ
˹ģ֪ġҲ˳ƴӿڴóһ֧̣ȼɫ鷿ƣԵЩ
ʱ鷿ű졣
үСүҡ

ŽСүĵ绰Ҷġ
Ҷ
ͷ³һڰҶͻȻ͵վҶһأϴ޵λ
ԣλǲǲ㣬ҪҸ˵ء
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ЦСүѣʮͷСӣòģǸҽ
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һ·ߣߵ绰ǰԼϵζʶüȻ󿴵绰ŻȻʶֻǽӵ绰ֲǼˣζҲŲ
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ս绰ֻǸ˵ܲ㵽Ҽҳ
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µ绰ǳ˼Ƭ̣Ѽװ״ɶƿùУǲб͹Ѫ࣬
ӵһ٣õүϾҪԷˣүһԷ𣿡
һߴһߣͷϺһأɶʱԣˣϻҪȥҽԺһ˿Ѿ͹ȥ˰ɣ
ģ͹ȥˡ
ṫݵǴҴʰöŽĺ䣬ӷүܻлϺʻȥ
һߣضҲ׼߰˰ˡ
ӡ⡢㰮Եġ
ҿ㶼ˣ´ʳǲǲðʵϰû۸ģ˵Ҷҵĸںǣʲô飬͸˵е绰ˣǿֱӺϵȥʢ
һȣһˡҶһЦ


083 
һˣ
ضֵؿֵֹġ
СҶѾͷͲȥ˵ˣӲ˺һᵽǾģضƽں׵ĿÿᵽҶҾ͹ҶضЩġ
ĹϵۿɼرãǸ˵ģĪҪҶѧѽ
ŶˣǸ׵绰˵Ҷϴѧ¼ȡˣ¿ʼҲҪϺ飬ԺǽܼϺϣ໥֡
ض˵⻰ʱҲǸɰͰ͵ģҶĹ۸ȻǱϾϵΣ˵ҶжٺøǲܵģӡӸͺĽϵǲ
žҶ浵Ŀˤϡ
Ϻʱÿ40Ԫʹˣ˾໥֣ùõİ˵žҪԷˡ
Ҷҽﻹڴ򸹸أʱҶԼط䣬㣬ҪԵġ
ҶԡݡÿҶһأҶһҸ㽲Ҳ׽㣬ҶվһߣҾͲܵˡ
Ҷ浻䣬Ҷһػû˵أضըˣѾͷô˵ģʲôвϵܵˡ
ŮۼҪʱſ
ȱˣ
ҶҽһλվȥǰתͷԻͨҶ浵㣬ģҸһߡ
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ҶһЦһţſڹȻ
󴦳ֻ˶ҶһؿţЦһžŵ̵ķˡ
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ɣ㻹˶˹ֲ˼ġ
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ʱضҲ˹ſھɴϲ
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ҶҲɰԾضҶһأﶥᴦѵͷȻи˰ѹλ󴦳ѶϢ
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Ҷ浿ҶһأҲֻô˵ͨ˰ɣλᴦҲĹ֪ͼİ
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û뵽ҶһؾȻûиض˵תϵ飬һʶسȥ
Ҷҽ¶һ޿ı飬齩˽ǲǻˡ
ȻѾˣҶһҲþ᾿ôˣ裬еҶҽңǰתרҵҽԺʵϰ
˲䰲Ҷ浶Сؽַŵϣһѧģ
ضؿڴڴڵشϢţʲô˼תϵ´أ´ô죿
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ضһֻͣͷۻоǰããһƬ
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ضһ˫ĿԲʵʲô˼ǲȥ´ˣСӣǿǸ
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ʡĵģҽ˿еٺãѾתˣô֪أܲתȥ죬һȥѧУתȥضд󼱣ӷɿתţҪҳһתķ
Ҷһؿض¶֣ضı飬裬תϵģҽÿһҶ֣ܿβˣΪཡҵܶҵ롣
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ʱضô˵ضĸζһ飬۵ģôһĺӣ۾û˹⣬һżȶĿŬ
ڵҶһأ˵ӣضͻȻ;ҽЩġ
ǺǱô죿ְֶ֪ˡ
ô롣Ҷ̲סһ䡣
ضҪƽ˲ֱȼˣ۳ĸŮֵÿսҶһ̫Ѩͻͻͻۡ
Ծһֱ󴦳ͻȻڵ´еĲͨİԱѣҪĻҰȥҪһ

Ҷϵİ䵽ϵ
ﾲĵģ˭Ҳû˵
ضݴͣҶһ첻һҶڵϵİ
λѪԵͨ˵һͬһ뷨
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ĸضȴƳĬżšŭָһӵؿСʵҪ
ҶĸʣҲ൱棬ֻͨԱ绰ӦþлظⲻҪ΢ҪְλǻҪҵʱ䡣
ضĪ⣬֪Щʲô
Ҷ浸ɿһǿסҪЦĳ嶯
ҶһسһĿȸָмСµ飬Ȼһ仰ͽˡ
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»أҶǱߡҶҽĴѸתƵ˰æĻ֮


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ضӻлعеµؿָָԼң
ҶһһۣתͷضЦҶһʺһҽҰôҲֹԼĶ׷룬ϲ´ĻԼȥ
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ȥ´ͺһ컹ΪһͷŬˣǰͻȻһȫϯȻⶼġ
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ضֻʣ֣뵽ոձԼƿڣһû˹ȥ


085 
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ԵҶܹ˵ضȥʱ˻ΪԼˡ
Ҷ浿첽¥ҶһԼʩչȫ׵ʺ󼱾
ضתͣȻ˫ĿҶһص䣬ͣظԪţ
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˵ϳȻ죬Ѿˣӡ
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λϵ˻ûдߣʹЩʱôæҽ¶˲õɫ
ֱһ˽õ׷ŵҶһԣҶһشµݸһСӣǵڶ⣬һ40ӣʱ䵽ˣݴûнϣôǴžûлͬˡ
֪ѹλԹٶߣԭ÷õײܻڶĿ
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ʱһһȥڿǱƺѽԣſϡԵӦƸǵ˵
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رǱд¼СʱʱôసҪϸд¼⼸顣
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飺
ҶһضЦЦ漴̧ͷ˿ǽϵĹӣһοѵǻӣ40ֺҲܲӵġ
Ļ䣬ԸӽӦƸǿʼԾƵǽϿȥӣûʲô˼⡣
Ǹбҽվؿ첽ǰСӵݸҶһأͬʱҶһصͷ⡣
ҶһضЦЦҲͷ
״沿ɱɿЩҽûаϵϡ
ӦƸһһϽӡ
ҽλϡ
ïʱʱ̧ͷһۣԽˣȥɡ
ٵȵȣϺáԽͷܱʼ顣
ïӣٿԽҧҧԼվ첽λȥȵïߵҶһǰʱԽҲڴͷϵǵĿǿҶһطȥ
ʱ12ֻ֣ʣˡ
Ǹбҽ״ߵĽŲһ٣ĬĬվűߡ
ҶһؽӹïĲӣ̧ͷЦЦ
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Ҷҽ̾˿Բʱˡ
Խһ͵תͷȥǽϵӣʦֻӶѣҡ
Ҷһذڰ֣Ļǵͬ˵Ļ𣿹ƽ޹ع֡ĲһῴӦƸǸˡ˵꣬ӹԽĲӣǷһߡ
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ȵ˶ѲӽϣҶһº͵ЦλԽǿȥȴˣͺǻ¼ȡ
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ӦƸǳȥ󣬰ҲһֽӺ߽
ߵߣһƨҶһԱߣţۣЩ˻һһ࣬ʱҶӲױһԹ
أƵƢӦñڿƴɡ
Ӻαϣ˸ڣǷǳ˳Щ˰仰ûж˵ȻЩҶҽĹͣҶұΪͬһ档
ҶһóԽֲᷭǹûйƽʣǿվĻᶼûУʴıͲҪȥƻˡ
Ǽúϵһлҽеأº߾ûˡҶһؿԽ΢΢ҡͷñɾ
ԣҶһ˸ĴָҶĺ˾壬רҵϻǸ棬оʦƵġ
˵꣬Ȼʲô佱˵ĻڨڨһЦת˻⡣
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ǵϺï˷һüͷ΢塣
Ҷһԣݼ˳ţһӺҶҽñïļɡ


087 
Ͱ״չͷҶһرʵĵط¶ͬӵı飬ͬˡ
ӦƸǵ緹ڼúʳóԵģڼúҽѧĳߵλ¼ȡûõ˵¶ʮָ߰
ǵĻĴ󶼶ͬһǸ۵Ļҽ
ǸҽһֱڶǸЦ᲻ǸӿţԱǸдͷβûнһ仰һֱЦЦУϡ
ϣҲ˵εҽòӽ⡣
ǰֵгһСΣ
ҾǸҽͦġոǸ£Ǹ˵ĲӣҲ˵ʲôûա
ǡֹҾǾҲѺá
ҽεؿ˺һۣҾѺá

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ӦƸ˵䣬ҽǵ°ʱҲˣ״ȺԷҶһʱ򣬲Ǵк
ҶҽˣôҽֵȤ𣿡
飬˵һλСʿϵǳãСĿɪղ㡣
Ҷҽ˵ںʮԺ˿­Ϳôģ˵˵¡
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ϲɰȥڿԵĸոҲïľҪ˵ǶҶһһ㱧ԹûǲܵģǾ֮͵飬ȴֶϡ
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ԷïҲһӱͨ죬֪ηϵĻ
޲Ȼ¶õɫתͷ飬飬鳤һ°ɡ
ͷ˷ҳһţҽ¼ȡ˭ǼúϵɣȻҶ鳤һ佲ԭˣƳ繫ƽ˽ԷʽȻҿ֣Ҳôˡ
ҶһԽ˵Խһš
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רƣרƵ˺ܶˣһҴοˮƽʮֳɫïѧǸƣҪȵʱõרҵ̩óҩóڻˮƽʱȻ¼ȡǡ
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ףҶһӣȿ첽ȥ
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׼ˣѲӵģ档
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088 
úҽԺһ¥ãһĸߴѲƷشȥ
ʱʱеıұȷ
Ҷһһߵʱ۾һ̿첽ӭȥ
ߵǰͷҶһأĽŲԶһ£ʱҶһһѾߵĸǰ
ԱѪжһ£¹ݹԱĻ绰¹һûλ޵ѪϣӺͺӵģûеĻһ֮ͬһļҽԺѪϣѪҪѪģҪҵѪͬѪˣҪ졣
ҶһǰλģǶ˵ģһߵͷһߴ¿ڴóֽʷɿ¼
Ҷһصһʶش𻰵ѪܴΪײһһſסˣһƺн˷˵壬ǲŲӴڿȥλǺͨͨһƬ
ҶһһݣпԴڣͬ飬ǧҪŲߣǵ
Ҷҽ˵꣬ʶڲǸͨѶ21ͣڸ޷ϵֳˣֳָֻӵ˲ȲԼȶŲˡ
ȣߣȡڲ˵֮ǰѪҲܵλü˻¹Ǳ߶లżѪģ˶ҪѪ㡣
ȵͷ֪ˣҶҽȥ
أ׼𣿡
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Ǹ˾˳ѾˡҶһؿ෭ĳæ
Ҷһתͷʹ˸ɫ˸OKƣ漴첽෭ĳ
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ʻſԴ򿪣ʻλŴ򿪻ǣʻԱ˿ǲǣҶһر߱ʵ
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ҶҽͷҴӸʻȥ鿴Աƣ׼õվʻſڣǿžͿšЭǡ
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ǿԼĿӺĸŮ뿪˵ԮҪػǴʱ˿⣬ĺ벿ݼȫ⣬ĸŮҪǰȰѼʻϵԱŪȥ
ͷ­ǹۣʶɥʧԣ٣˲زͣԿ˿ڣȱ̴ոǸѲ˵һžͻѪӿӦþ
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ҶһʱѾû˼ȥǵĶԻˣһλ˵ľȥ
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ŶŶõġԣóɴһݹȥ

˹޵ĳȻúҽԺʻȥ޲غͱ泵˵˹ģҲ̽
صȴҶһسҶһؾþû˵̲ס̽ͷ￴ȥ
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ֱ۹ۣ15׿ԴڣֳܺʹĤ¶Ѿɴ˽ɸѣֲѹֹѪܶѲѼʻ͸ʻˣܰС
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ѲѸٶ30˵жһףҪֽԽϼѡ
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Χ۵Ⱥڲɵ
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ȺеĻҲֹͣ˵лͿ֣΢΢ֱͦ壬һŲ΢ֵϺŮһڵصϺڵӲеǸ̫СˣҼдģҼҾԱҲôõö˸ȥһ˰ɡ
ѲҲл⻰ɿľ棬ƽʱ۸ڶľº͵ؿһۣͷȥɡ
ϺŮ˵ĻƺһţܱߵȺһסڸĿʼùߣԽĿʼ⣬ԭҪٺķѰСʱḶ́ȻʮҾˡ
ҶҶǿƶˣסӱһ
ҶһؿЦһһȣһ㻺ʱ䣬Ⱥֶˡ


089 
Ҷһ仰ʵأΧעӵʵ̫ˣʹҶһصĻش˵Ķ
ΪѹֹѪʱ˫ֱ뱣ֱֱһ˿Ѳ𳵲һСʱҶһؾ˫ϥ˫ֱֱѹƱһСʱ
Ҷҽ־żסһҲ
ҶNδĵ׾Сҽ
ϾͺáҶһ֪ʱʱϵԽСŮԽΣա
ǳԵض˶ԼȣһдҶһüͷ΢壬ڱ˫ֱֱƶ˫ȡ
΢΢ַ̧£ҽ棬ֱвˣҶһ̧ͷ飬Կʼˡ
̵ͷűײذȥĲλСŮϷſڳк˫СסСŮ塣
ŶУðÿȻ»ײģŮϻнƬʱܴѪ
תͷѲǺλŮʿַֿ
λѲͷӦǣһץס˹˵һֻ֣˹ѾӽһСʱʬȻʼýӲ
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߶߶ٯдżζŨϢɿһЩ
ãҰƵſڣЬԼ߳ȥ
ԵúܸˣСðٯкñģСһѵġ
ԣһѵġ
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һڰ״ӵĿ˲Ҷһϡ
ҶҽߵŮƴǰӣᵣĵģҪҪˣһȥ
СŮƺ˼Ҷһأ˵ͷ
Ҷҽº͵Цţתͷȴо۾еᣬվƳȥɣ24Сʱӻϵǿʱ䡣
˵ˣֱ۹ۺ˿Ҫġ
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Ѹóʣڵϼϡ
еѾϣǩֵĵҲǩˣеİ״ûƽɹϲãСŮڴĿ⣬ֻġ
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093 
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⣬ۼԽԽ࣬Ѿ°ʱ䣬¹ݸ߼Ա˳ʱʹ³˹ҽԺ
ΪԼһǰ棬һԲ³˹ʹΪ׵¹ְԱӭ
һ棬һ㶣¹߾ڴҳľȻһλŮ߾ȵǣһĹզֶôˡ
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λǸ˹ŮѪĻˣζλŮʿˡ
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ҶһΪ׵һڰ״ҲСŮƴ
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³˹ϾȵɫŨˣλŮʿл˹һҵİ˹һҺӢ¹Զѡ
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鸴ӵСﱻǰ˵ĻҽҶܺðҸ轲ûµģҪġ
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ҶһĦһԼָĹؽڣ˹СǸǻ7-9ǸȾ߷ڣܰȶȹʱ䣬ô㱣סˡ
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Ҷһ̾һ޲صͷʾף֪Լ˼ɻ䣬ܻǰûãÿҽԺԼҩ淶κһҽԺҽҩƷĻѧƼڲϡ
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УٿһֻӸȾʣɯĸڲСҺСܶġ
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ٿһ˸Ⱦʣ㸺𣿡
״ӳҲǺ˵ģҶһؼȹ̶ҽΪʱҪԣҪѯʼͲ˱
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״Ǽֲ֣ҽѧġ߶ͦе˭Ӯˣٷˡ
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˵һ¹ݵŮְԱ״ȫΧҪҪǿۣ̲סе˳
һɾһŮرһƯŮ˵ǶôҪ
ŮְԱĻɹҶһغͰҽ
Ҷһصʹڵʱ
Ҷһزǲ֪ζʲôʱҽǲòѡġ


094 
沿ֲƤֲƤɯ沿ô˿ڣҪȡһ沿˿ڵкƤ㣬ôı¶ʹڣûпص£ֻƽȾʡ
ڹܴ۵ԭҶһػ
ɯֻ𣿡ŮְԱԼ죬¶еıˡ
ֻ˵ǻڱסĻϣֲָܺ沿ԡҶһص
ҶһصĻҶ˳ĬԵŮְԱ̵ر۾ͷȥ³˹ͷҲɫأ³˹ĿɨλϼλͬɫصҽվͷȥǾͰˣҽ
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ҶһؿЦصͷ칫ȥ
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095 
һ죬ԶԼˣӲŶֱǵ۾ôһҽˡ
ҶһصȻԼտʼʱʦԼ˵ĻвɿЦ
ӣСԳһСҽԺˣԼȻԼ²ӱԽԽȥˡ
Ҷһصʱ޲غͰѾˣ˹
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ر˹Сɯ̲ס棬Ҷһغ޲زϿĳ棬ǰ컹ĵҪͲ˱־룬ҪбǵҽԼĳŵˡ
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˳ͬʱ̧ͷһĿ⿴Է⻨ڵӢڽЩʲôأ
ͬһʱ̣ͬĳҲڲͬıͤ
ˣļٵģ
ҽضϵָ˻ȥ˵Ск֣Ŷ𣿡
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ⱨͯ˵ʲôӢֽۻҽ
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İŹİ˴͵ʱһݡ
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͵ʱ͵ĿⶼϣЩסֱԴʹ˹
ըĵϰһװһߵʦĻ˸ۻӢ˵ıֽˣǺûţ˵˵;͵
λΪʦЦǺ˲͵棬漴ġʱ棬ŷϵı⣬һǿżñ׼Ӣ˳
ϣʦЩģ˵ۻ
ʦ͵溬ڴˣкһʦѧлưͨˣƵƵı顣
ʱ˵һλĻҽɹһСϵָ˻ȥʷϵĵһ
磿һۻҽôģɶ֣
ʦԣѸٷ־һĿʮУ漴ҵλҽ֡
Ҷһأ


096 
Ǿ仰˵öԣȷʵҪһܼˡ
ͤǹ绹Ƿ绹ϺͤλöⱾ۵Ӣܿ
·˿ӢܿķȻһˣһӢĵĴѧĻͿʼԷһš
ѧĻߡСϰ塢ְԱ̣¿ڴǮģ·ͤʶһ
һܶϺӿ
ͬ·25ţϺ´
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⡰̵̰ġûС衱ס
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ô죬ضҲǿˣ´иʵµˣҲͨˣûеô⡣
ʥԼҪǸѧҲæӻͨԱ˵´ĵλֿܲء
ˣҶһѡҽ·ĵִûôˡ
ʱһƽʱϵ´Աһݡʱ˳ܽ¥ӡҶһƬ־˷ܵغۻҽĶֲָӢ˵־ˡ
ǡʱӢܿ־֮һ˵ŻͬӢڵĹʰϣȫӢȫŷȫ˶
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Ǹ´Ա˵ţִӶͳһݱֽǰӢ˹ıҷֳҽȻλҶҽǿֳĿߵĲɷá
űֽʶֳҽָӣһСʱֳȣڽ˹޵Ů˻
´ֻһ¥ҵİ칫öԶôһ˶ˣ׷̽ͷ
ҿҿ
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վǸƽ￴Ǹ´ְԱͳ嵽ǰһѶض־̣ӢģͲҪ˰ɡ
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˵ţǸְԱ㵵Ŀŵתȥ
ǸְԱ㵡ֹģضһʹ죬㿴ǡ
޶ż»ʥԼѧԼṫݡ
ʥԼѧΪϺŵĸߵѧ֮һϢǼΪͨģǰ˹޳ʱֳվƬҽҶһصʣʱû㷺ע
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áͷ
ҶһתͷûԼ
գգۣҾͦá
Ҷһٵĸоˣϸ˵⻰ʱǳ棬ûһ˿ζ
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Ц⣬ԣҶҽ˵öԡ
Ҷһضͷ΢΢ëˣû뵽˸廻˸ʱûܰһŶͷͳëĵ
һĳ˼֮ദͲͨѰôȻ˳ˣҶһԼ1933꣬Աһǹ㿪ǹ˶׷Ȩ׼һǸֱУĵλʱȢ̫̫
ǣ˼ͻĳЩɫʣĻҶһضУƺЩͬѰζ
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Ҷһǰڵ￴ֳȴûۼʱͺʲô뵽Ȥ
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097 
Ҷһغлһȥ
ϺλڻֽϺ֮䣬ŻֽͷչģԽͷΧͰƽԽ࣬ķƫʽĽͬӺ̻
ֲµŮŮŽ׷ֵСмªС̯̯峯ʱڵĳ裬ͷϽš
ĳҶһеʶʱͨչľʲôӡ
лҶһأһһСſڳ⿴һ۾ģ
㡣ʶز˿ĳЩײձĳ̧üʻα
ϡܴͷӦһӿ˳١
ܴͷԴӱ䵽ƺҹ£֣ҶӣֵԽеĿԽòͬ1933꣬ǹӵү
ΪʲôиץĻһֱҪսԼˣΪ¾ǹиΨһһ˳װͬƺͲǲƣһʵϣܻĺǹһ
ܴͷǷѾ˼ҪػزǲƣⲻڹҲдˣƨҲˣ⼸ܴͷÿһ絽ṫƨƨߵؽͻȥ
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ҶһԸģҲ¶ЦҶһ⼸Сɯ鲻ˣҲ˲ǰͰ˶ϢѾȥˣһʱòܲܿҶһһֱôȥɣε֮С
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ܴͷЦһﱧлֱӰĻͷϣɶأᴦǱʨӣû˯أǲҪˣ
٣ȻܴͷûüڻأҶҽȤʳ⡣
۾һһۣһֻ֡
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ӵϼתת뿴
᣿
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098 
᣿Ҷһز
ţᡣϵתͷϲ˵߰ɡ
˸Ͻͷǰ·
ܴͷлĿɿڴǼᴦ͡ʨȥˣ
ᴦʨ
ҪҪһȥҶһתͷл˵
лԣص˵ͷСקסҶһص½ǣȷԼҪӵԸ
ҶһЦЦְлǣͬʱתͷ˵ܿƣһȥɡ
ҶҽлСӶ˾ˣһ䵽ƵСԱ˵ɶֻӦãȥ¡
˽˲ԶһСԺԺѾվ˼ݽŶ̴ˣɫһ䡣
塢壬ʨô죿
ô죿ڹذ졣
һֳλСκʨգ˺ЩˣʨβΣ
ûνѾ˲ԶҶһصˣ¶º͵ЦԵһر˵ӡ
壬κ꣬˵ʨͷģǸСκһƽ
λΪɫһؾǹأۺ˵Ĺزơ
󴦳ɲЩɳ˵ڲףѵԺӱһ˦漴һԷľϵĲʨ˫һʨͷУ漴˫һУסԵ䲻Ҳģġ
˼״һϲһ·Ƿһ룬ǸСκɫӣջ̾˿Ƶʨβ
̤ԺŵܴͷǴһãᴦ˫ȫӢ䣬ιٳʨұģ
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͸ʨӵͿҶһصķ򣬽Ҷһشǰ׳Ŧۿ۵һţƺҲڿķĿƣдЦ
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ҶһĴָĦһԼģƺŸողʨͷ¶ȡ
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ܴͷԣ˸ⲻĸƨ
ҶһЦˡ
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ҵҳϣԸ
Ҷһز֪ĺ壬֡
Ҷһصָոǿ̣Զľϵĺһ£ݱдֵֽͷ衣
ҶһʶؽסһƮֽһ漴Ŀⲻɱù


099 
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ڴҶ˲׸˭ˣ̨һɫڳ̨ȺеԽԽ󣬳漸Щ޷ˡ
ʨƤµ󴦳һɫףֻֻʨͷĶҶʨβСκӲǴϿһ˿˿ί
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ԼҲҶһز֪壬ǼˣҲǸ˵ġ
һҶһĳ֪壬Ҳ˼ôľȨͶҶҽˡ
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ڣһڹжֳԵ֮飬˵ȫض·
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100 
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ҽߵĶһģҶһظСɯͷȻ仹ֹˮҩڴЧãҽٶȴ
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Ϧʹڽ׵Ĵͽ׵İ״ϣԵøܰ


101 
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Ӳ״Ƕһ˲ͷĺ˵
沿ֲƤа𣿡
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飬ǲҶһصĿ⣬С̧ͷ˵ĿŲϣСɬЦЦתͷȥװ¡
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Ŀһ˲ĶӣҶһƿͷȥ


102 
Ҷһغ޲ʱ򣬲ҽѾ¥´ˣһĻмˣŲתͷ޲Ҷһأоð˾⡣
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ˡҶһر˵һ·ûʲôģȻʶϴض˯£ȻΪߵԵûΣ˯ֱӸƺҲ̫ʡ
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Ҷҽס侲ı飬ͻ΢΢Щߡ
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ᴦ·ˣҶҽ˯°ɡĴ磬ܴͷЦ
ϳĶһ٣ͷԼϵĹӣһ˿΢ڵ˯£
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103 
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޲̴λվǰյɫҵ򲨶ȥǸ˵ţ첽򲨶뿪ķȥ
Ҷһغ͸ҽ˶һۣж¶ԵЦ⡣
ļ죬ʱͣϺʼǡճǡЩеıֽ϶ʱҶһص֡
ֹڣӢ¹ʿһݷݵ籨ٹҽԺõϢ1933ûйʳ;⼸գ籨վıͯһҪúܺüˡ
ϺҽԺˮ¥̨ȵ£ʹк¸ֲָһҪֳĦ
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Ҷҽҩѳԣ̫ˣÿζῨںСɯЩίؿĺӡ
úҽԺĹʽѾִҽԺĳˣвҪڵҩ뿪¼һҶһҩǾԲõģοǺҩȫһϵҩ
Ҷһؼ֡
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ԣòˣ̶̵̳ģҶ˼ˣ԰˵浶һôҿϲˣ費Ȱװ
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Ӿڻָ˹ӺضĶԻȡ¼Ҫ㣺
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2.ضȥ´ϰˡ
3.ض൱衣
ض൱裡
ҶԱ̫ʦϣ˵ʲô飬һη֣ض־򣬾ȻԶöˡ


104 
̫̫ȥ
鷿ſڴӶС۵
ҶԽ绰ָͣڻͲĴϣſڸӦһ֪ˣ
ĽŲ뿪ҶԵðضпոҴ绰Ұ칫ҵ绰һ¡У9»Ϻѧڴ֮ǰһϺݻʦʱðض浶Ҳ
ضګګӦţ֪ΪʲôϢûԼеĸˣǰܹ߸õġ
µ绰ضɳһᣬ漴ͨҶһذ칫ҵĵ绰
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̣ã鳤첻ֵ࣬ӦᣬҪǰȥ𣿡ʮֿ
Ŷòã˵һҸ绰ǣthank you thank you.ضһ䣬һ´ĵʡ
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ضһζҶԵĻ˻ɡ
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ԣԺ󣬺úùӡ


105 
ৡһӱϡ
һ˽ϹСȻģŰ״Ӵſ֣ŻЩ˵Ȼ˼ȵζ
ѾȥǩˣֻʣǼЩվڸɾؼճĵשϡ
ˮ˺ͰæֹѪԵʣмϻʪյģһһӡʹñ;Ĵ·Щηη
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109 
󣬼úҽԺʱȻĵĴ֡
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ѪܷϿԲö㷨Ǻϣһ4Ϊ磬С4׵ģüϷϣĺ׵ϡԶ˽ѪܿھģѿھСļбǣٽǺϣѪ׵СھѪֱھѪȥסҶһ˸ְֵĶ
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110 
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ȵҲ첽뿪Ҷһطе飬³һ˵һ㶼ûǿ϶ǼٵģֲʥˣӰ죬ֻΪһֱΧôͻȻرҶһĵ׾Ȼټطһ˿ί
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Ҷһؽ11:30ͿԽȻ11:27ֵʱ칫ϵĵ绰
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ոڰгŸոȼϣĻ˲䱻ǡ


113 
Ϻо¾ſھĵģ˶û뵽ķչ˵Ϸ绯
ոջһĽ˲ù
ͷǵǹǲǿˡ켩ӵСԱޱ˵ٿԼǹɲͷʳԼеʡ
ⲻϻҶҽľ˾ˣ׵ģٰǹ˼ңᴦǹ㡣켩Ӷӳһ˵ţһѸٰǹ
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ˣҿԼߣԼߡźȻʶҲϡµǰ˵ݡ
ںǣźҲ˵λȫϵͳպʵȨոսʲô
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ҸҶҽƣԭȲ֪ݣðҲҸֵĻᡣ˵ţ͵͵ƳҶһء
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İ칫Ҿھ´ȵź豳ȥʱܴͷѾĵؽԼ˯õ۵˳
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УϢϺҪ죬ҴȥҽԺǿҽɡ
ô鷳ǺҪȥˣԽ˸ɵ취ᴦһ棬˵ǶúõģҲͷˡ
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ЦһϵĳŪ˿ΣǸˣ֪ź˵˻ߵǲˡ
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źԣɫ΢䣬Ĵ𰸿ڻشδ̫֣Щһ䡭
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źֽס˴ֱ¶ԭֻ̽û뵽뵽ûӦתͷҶһء
Լɵüͷ΢壬ƺû˻еĻ档
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ҶһûеĻ棿ҲûУܶҽѧʿҶҽĻˮƽȻ30Щ秵ĻҲ׵ġ
⻰˵ãҲ̫˵㣬ҶһؾԼˡ
һۣź˾ˣģȹҲȹģǹϵȷʵ
ź迴Ҷһأٿһε̾˿С¾СԼȥİɣʹˣĲˡ


114 
ȻҶһغź͵ɽҶźϺϢҲҴҸ˻
ϣź迴ԼҽŬҶ浴һľٶټͬλᴦһѣ־׵飬˭֪쳤ؾûһʱ
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ضв˵һ٣¶һ˿ãȻɫǴʲôʱʼģܾûغˡ
źɽϢҶһرźһؼúϣúڿһźĽţźܾˡ
һذ˽һţͣܶ鶼˵ȥģҺҪȥˣԼԼ֪˺ˣˣҲˣһ쿴һ쿴һġ
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֪ʲô۰ۣۣŶҪϲˡ˹װѣȥ𣿡
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115 
ǵݵشӲ׼¼дʱȷذ˴ϣҽѾ׼ˣ򣬸߻·Ҷҽ컹Ҫԣսپ
ȵȡҡ
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սپβλú˶λýӽ¿пڣĵڻţáҶҽ˿ǽϹӣ9:14һСʱȥܿСʱ顣
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ҮС﷢һ󻶺
ɫɴ˺ͲõЦݣɽҽԺһ档


119 
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120 ҵϣ
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121 
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дӽʱĵ绰ԤԼϣĻ߻ǺܶģԺҲڿǣΣ˾ȻڿҽģüĵͲǺܺˣûͰһƹҸ
һһ˵תͷҶһüͷ΢壬𣿡
ڵģڡҶһؿߵ࣬ҵȻԸ⣬Ҫ޲Ǳͬźá
ڵõҶһؿ϶Ĵ𸴣¶һ˿Цڰ֣Цģ޲Ƕȥ˵
ҵϵ칫¥Զ˲ʱ͵ؽڰ칫ңҶһؽؽڵϢһѧʿλڵ۾һ
ؽڲ߿佱û㴩״ӵӣɫѧʿܳ㡣
ллڡҶһص
߰ɣʽ쿪ʼˡؽڿ˿
Ҷһصͷһȥ
33꣬ʥԼıҵ࣬һȫװͱϻвٿλãںؽڷֱΪҽѧϵϵԺſھͺҶһطֿˡ
Ҷһأ̤ãһǰҶһ˳ȥһĸߴķػֱۡ
Ҷһضӡϵͬͬѧǵ¼ܹ˵Բģͷ̧Ǹȥ
λøպԱߣ°ҵ֤飬ǰ˳ȥģҪ˳ʮ˵
Ҷһصͷ߹һİϤͬѧڿŵλ¡
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УԺΪѧǣԸϵѧλҲܸмҶһʮֹٷػش
ͷӦõģϵĳɼһֱܺãĶ˴룬ѧҲˣΪתϵԵʾĨȥŬ
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ǰСѾУ͸Ժ쵼½߽Ҷһп˲ڡؽڻС
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ʵܴͷ͵͵绰ΪǾ仰רŴӷ־ֵ˸ĵľԱǸԱ絽ֵ䣬Ϻ¾һȺҶһؾѾ֪Ǿ仰Ĵ𰸡
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ҶһظŶǰߣ·ǰһŵ쵼ϯʱ⿴ƺԱߵڽЩʲô
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Ҷһ˳ŶȥҼŵͬѧҶһЩеĻ㱸У˰꣬ƵãƵʽ˵˵·Сȥϱӱҵͬѧ
ҶһеʱߵͬѧƺɧӻлعУѾ֣صؽѧʿñϵұ߲ߡ
ⲢѧɧԭѧǾ̲ס۵ԭǣԭ̨¹ȻֵݰУʢűҵ̡֤
Унӹѧλ֤֣صصݸҶһء
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ҶһžҪȥ׼ˣʱžͱÿտҲҶҽӶͳֱ˿ŲܿȫˣӦСɯҪȥɴ
ҶһǲҪںؽ˵һȻȥʱļعͷȥһʶˣһʥԼıҵ
ҶҽãҡʯģᴦҸ˵һſڵҶһش˼ƺЩţ˵仰󻹲˲ͷĺ
ҶһؿſڵλãΪҵǶţſ˺٣վҶһؿ˻֡
ԣᴦʯͷ˵Ĵ˷֡
ҶһصͷòԵغͷ˵˾ҽԺ¿ܵߵĻ漴ſȥ
ߵſڵʱһӣĦԼֱҶһس֣ץסҶһص֣Ա߲ƺȥ
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һˡᴭ
֪Ҷһص
Ҹո԰㲦룬䷢ѧλ֤ģУͬˣٵ̨ҾⲻʣһһճĶôʥıҵֻܵˡҶҽҪϿЩʲô
Ҷҽƺûʲôһº͵Цţͬʱѧʿñִ˻ȥԣҪٲһ𣿡˵ţͷѧʿñ벦صұߡ
est-ce que tu m\'aimes?ǲϲң
Je te manque?ϲ𣿡
ϲϲ˵ڿѶɣÿ뿪˻ȥȻüҶ˵ˣÿʱܴͷң
ҲҽڣڻüҶһأϲܾˡ
ټЩ޴룬ˣֱͦ壬վãһ֣ص̬Ҷһѧʿñϵұ߲ߡ
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ϵıҲǰδе࣬ڵҶһؽĻ
ֻҶҽ˵ҲͦϲģǿԴҹ࣬ҺͲԼˣҰߣڵˡ
Ҷҽֱóһָ󴦳Ŀƣĵʮֻ֣ʣʮˣеϡ
㣿
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ܴͷʯĴһŴܴͷ࣬ԭᴦҵԹôһڻƴһʱ䣬Сʯ˵ᴦҶҽһ˲
ʯϵ۾Ҷҽ˵ӦԵĽ׶ΣһȥᴦЩĵĺôʺþ䣬ŬԿʽ
ܴͷȵؿʯģֹĿ࿴˼Сʯ԰ôץᴦˣǰ;
ʯĺЦЦܿƣ˵Цˣôŵ£Ҫץ
ܴͷ˼ңڻ


122 
ˣɡҶһض
㻹ûشҸոյĻͷǱģҶһǴĻһ˿ί
ҶһزͷﶼЦ⣬ƽʿף
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Ҷҽٶ˵ֱǰߵʻԣȻֻûţ󲱾һỺסĺ󲱾
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Ҷҽŵģʼ磬аɣҶһزʱûпա
ʥԼúϵһ·ϣ˽̸ڽǵľҶһֱǹ˵ʱüͷ
ʲôʱҩȥǻҸԼX⡣
ͲáͷЦ
һֻˣúÿ
Ĵֽͱƣ˵ദȴûԵı仯ƻǱһġ
ӿڰϺ̲УԼĪСʱ˼úҽԺſڣҶҽ·ϾѾڲϵؿֱ˵طǳһͣȣʹȥ
󴦳ֻǹ˵ֲܲ˵ǰһק˻
ʮ֣̫Ѿһ˿ͣúǰ·ƻδ𣬳Եøӻ谵
30ĳûпյⶫִһѧʿҶһصĺ󱳡жͷȫǺҲòĶȥӻվֱӵʥԼϻи·ĳζŶζѾҺζ
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Цһ㻹ûشҵ⣬ûϵյϢ˵ţǰ㣬ҶһؽŵУĶͷ
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ҶһЦЦ߽칫ҡ
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ҶһӼŵ޻᲻صزСɯСһ˺ü飬Ѫ˳Ų䣬ʹð߲Ըɾ
˹ǰŮۿ΢΢졣
ӣҪӣСɯ˵ķӦЩ
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򽫴ͷϵľӵݸСɯСɯӹ߬žӱ÷ɿ죬Ŀɨ˹Ҷһء
ҶҽĿ⣬Сɯһ˱ۣӾٵǰ۾ԼСɯۿ̾ͺ
ֻСվͺ˿鲹ƿӣ˵沿ƽģǷ߱ԵȷʵһȦʮԣպֲƤƬɫɫȻ󣬵Сﻹһ۾Ϳˡ
Сһ񣬾Ҫޡ
Ҷһһʾɴùһߵ׼ޣϵ˻ûȫϣ˿ڲá
СɯҶһһѵѾۿӲ˻ȥ飬ЩǻʵҶҽԺ𣿡
ƤƬѾȫѪҺѭҲѾˣȻձԵ𣬵ⲻ󣬴ȥ󣬹ͻȫǺϡ
ֱϿӣҲ켸ɣٻҩȷϴȫϣɫͻɷɫҪʱȥˣӦûɺǳİɫѾѷϿڶʶӵĵطԺͷһڣϸġ
СɯŸոտһĻЩţġ
ġ
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ҶҽýСɯ沿˿ڰãԥƬ̣²ˣжˡ
һ󰲾Լ̸ӵСɯžӣһŵؿҶһأǣǣǰӦҳῼǵģ
ҶҽĽճ̱ϣеġ
Сɯۿٴη죬һǺڲòٲ˺ҽԱƵƵ


123 
ĶӵشСɯĲҶҽټ¶һ˿Ǳɫ
ؿڣһҶҽ˺һСС顣
Ҷһһۣ˲һ飬˲䲻˵ˡ
޲ش¥߹Ҷһأӻ֣Ҷߣȥ칫ңһ¡
Ҷһصͷ˵ֱӵ칫Һҡ󣬸޲칫ȥ
ŲӿţҶһعս칫ҹţ˳ܵʿ̨ǰԴ֪Ҷҽжˣ
ʿ̨һֵСϵĶһ٣ȸըˡ
칫
Ҷһ޲˱ȡ
ݵĿȲϺЩڵĿȵöˡ޲һڣҶһؼߵۡ
Ҷҽ˿裬Цȶؽ͸ҵģϲҰװһ㡣
ޣؽڣѹ֣ллҵȻҪһ㡣޲صˣ㻹Ϊֲ֫飬ϵƪ˹ϣ˼ķ죬ͲҽǸƻӦúܿᱻ׼׼ˡ
ҶһЩȵ̧ͷô죿
ƻҶһغͲһ۳ġֲ֫ƹƻԸҽھ˺ϸΪϺϺܱ12СʱڵĶ֫ṩᣬԭƻȥ󣬹ֺ͸ҽԺһ飬ҽŬ˵˺üζûгɹ
ҶһرΪƻᱻ֮߸ȴûȻת
㲻֪һҵе壬ƪѾ˺üҵֽܶ๤ʩѹϣҽԺܾṩҽƷǸƻⲻ˭ǮǮˣȻ޲ʼ˵
ҶһصͷӦúϵһˣ飬ҽҪźá
ϻ㰲ȣûͻȻŵĲˣҶһغ޲̸ڰ칫ſСһȵڰ˵ӵʱ׼ʱࡣ
Ҷ˵Ůˣޣ˾ȣÿȻҵõŮѣ˵ǻ˽Ƚ磬ǲϾҪٰˣһûμӹʽĻ㵽ʱһҪҡ
һڽӵǩ֣һ˵
ҶҽеŮϵһ飬ټسĬ˼ӣҪ֮ʣһ̶ڼúҽԺ¥ǰԺ
ӳֵ̿һ¥
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¶һ˫߸ЬĿһҪȥ߸ЬŮӵȣ̵ȥλɡ
װԣæصͷȺ첽ǰһ߽˲ŷ߸ЬŮӵȫڳ鴤˶һۣ˱˴еء
ߣұߡ
һ˽߸ЬŮת˸ͷǰȷƴƴǰһֻסŮӵĸ֫ѣǰһȺŮȵɵƴ֮ϡ
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ҶһغôܳҶһһһߴϸ²õİ״ӡ
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ȣ˹ͨ5%̼Һ125mlע10mgơ
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ˣҶһʵ
ͬǻ࿴ǵˣһηñȽϾã20ˡ
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ȣ׼ܲеʮӺ󣬲ûƾǿҶһص
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Ŀ˼ӣ类ȵβ͵èһ㣬Ҳ֪˵ʲôֻ˾ƣûпʲôƾʲôһǡ飬㲻˵𣿡
ҽҽԺǰһҳ򣬿ס飬ῴһǰţ
ҡҲ֪˵ʲôֻ˾ƣ
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Ҷһ͵̧ͷ׼еϴθ̣


124 
Ȼæ
飬飬о𣿲ǵ£񫣬ֻ԰һҵĹϵŸȣҲ֪飬ȾȾûġκ˶
Ҷһֱֱѹعǣ˼رں߹ײ졣
ѹҵּڲְһ£һͣĲˣһξԼôý
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ȥ8ug/minѪܼѹ0.03u/minÿӱʱ
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Ҷһˡ鿴ϵֱͷ΢΢
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ķθһ飬ÿӰѹ100120ΣÿλҪѹر5-6ףѹͬʱҪ֤صĸ߶ȣѹصҪߣҶһֱӰرѹϵģҪע⾡ҪɲѪء
ҶҽӣϱӵѾûķθˣοڣҶһؾ͸оԼЩ΢
ȲǺһ־ͿԲ˿͹ͷǰ£ҪΪֶķθòλ˷Ѳ˱ᡣ
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ʹء˻һû˵ҶһؾѾƿſ첽ſȥ
󴦳ײXϣһӱס
ͣѣô͵ƣӲչ
ʱϺȻѾʵȫй磬ڵѸߣܶϰյϻǻѡ͵Ժܶ˵ͣͣǹϵ
ƻкü֢Ҫ֧֣ûͻԶֹͣû̸˹ǻģ
Ҷҽһ˵һ߿첽ǰȥڰײʲôƺһŲȴ˿ûֹͣ
ҲֿſڴΪǦ£ô㣬ǵ˼ӡ
𶯣д
ȻҶҽ˿ûĻţûѴͳѾŰ֣ţɿ¥ȥ
ܵ¥ݿڵʱӭͿɪա
ǻڣ
ҺÿɪҳһܣǻûԶ
˵⻰ϵٶȴ˿
¥Ʋ
ֵĻʿѾæһţúֵƶȱͲôѧһƣֵ໤ʿˣҽ¥ʱϢϢΣʿȥźˡ
Ůʿűڻʿ̨ǰָӣͷϻˮϴͷϴϴһܻģֵĻʿҽҲæˡ
Ҷҽҽɪҽ̫ˣȥ213ֻʿæŮʿֱ˵˵
̵ͷûü˵һ䣬Ѹ213ȥ
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ңҪҡ
ͣˣţҪķθգ
أأֲ֧סˣ
״ӵ˷ſǻ
˾ڸʲôڴ˻û𣿷أ
ҶһغͿɪ˳213ʱʿڵϣֻſһһѹţ߼ѹ߿ޣ޲޲ô죬ô죿
ֻֻ֣ŬҲֻĸңһֻ֧ޣǾǻ޷õֵ֧ġ
ҶһһһѸٳ嵽δùǰѸٴԵıóȡֶҸ˽ϡ
Ҷһضɿ죬ȵϺƽȵؼѹºЩȥǰߵãü
üжü
ͣˡߴصȭͷϣǲʡ
֣ķθգüƹҸҡҶһصĴǰδе侲
ͷҪƶΣһ˶
ɣּ򵥵æһǰϵġһѣվǰǰɡ
ԶԶԣĺˡУУллڲǿʱ˫ƽķθ


128 
ʱһһȥȴ˿ûҪ˼ʿ̨绰ͣţǴʱ˿ѾûпȥƤжεĻˡ
пյҽԱѾܵ¥ȥˣ¥סİ״ǶǴ󶼴ųЩͷûɣЩЬƽʱһ˿İ״һӱýӵ
֧ﰲģеİ״Ӷڽʡÿһ粻֪ʲôʱһһֱЩ˾ǰЩΨһ
أڸûְȥҩ
ɪգӤҵıԿûУڱǴ򲻿šһͷɢҵŮҽɿܽ齹ɪա
źҵĿɪһҲ鵽Ϊʿһҽֵ࣬Ӧǹ˵ùġ
ô򲻿أˣϴξȻĸʱ򣬸Ҳ˳Ӥһ£Ӥҵǵ綯ţ
Կڸʦ칫ҵĳʦ칫ҵԿУҿڴԼã
ŮҽͷѸڿɪտڴ﷭
ڷҽƿûˣôû˼𣿡
ûˣûˣûˡġ
ԿҪߵŮҽĽŶԭأǸ䣬¶ɫһûͻĲˣһӤû䵽Σ
ܶʱ򣬰״Ƕڲͣѡ񣬶ǰʱҪ䡢̶ȡȻӲָ˭˭ʱڰ״˵جΡ
ȥˡ˶֣˵ǹ˵ʹлڣֻܶǼѹҵĻ̻á
Ҷһؿһۣͷ
лл
ʲôлģҺôҲǸ졣˵ţЩѵ̧֣Ҷһصĺ֮ϣ˰ֱ۴һʹУ˵ֻС£þС
Ҷһؿ첽ڷȥ
ȥԿװɣҶһضŮҽ˵
Ůҽͷ漴ɿ¥ݿȥ
һ¥
ôˣҽʿôˣ¥ϻģ
Ϊͣ˰ɡ
ͣ粻͵ûӰ찡
ʱȺͲŮʿҴǾȻޣãȥɡ
С
˵ŮʿȻҪԼֽƿȥ
С㣬ôˣвʵ
ҽԺͣˣ¥Ƶ֢ͣˣֻͲְǾȻĵ޻࣬Ƚ輸ȥҿҪǱ߰æ鷳໥չЩ¥ǡ
һ˵ţһ߾Ҫȥޡ
ȻҲССʹǰģҹʹܲˣѪѹͻȻߣѪǻ֮ģƿԶʱڿٻָҪҹ۲һģ˼״æӲ
ɡһλѪѹͻȻ߱ҽԺʿ
ǰɣҿǰͦ׵ģܰæ𣿡һλͷƱ;ȻĵŮʿ
ԣܰæɣȻһֶֻˣһһְֻĪ.ɵ²֪ʲôʱӲ˳סԺЬվſڶЦ
Сɯ˹Ҳ
Ұְȶ˲ܶУѾɻˣҵֺúõġСɯ˵ž˾Լ֡
ҲС
Ҳᡣ
ŮʿۿЩģװĨĨҴúϸлңԼûлָãͱˣҿɲ뿴ҰһҪϲ
ȵ˼ʺϵĲˣ漴ԾԾԵˣллңΣ¹ҿˡлллл
ȻʲôУпĪȱ첲ȵģЩЭȥһڰ״ǰʱҽԱǵۿһ˲ɬ
Ҷҽң̽ҡ
ҽֻֻãҰ㻻һ᣿
ҽ
Ѹ˸λãܶõҽڿ΢һ֡
ɪգ֪Ұ˾ȻˣҾȻûأ˫ְఴ˹̫˲ˡ
˲ǵİæͿɪϢһᣬʮּرסɪգԼոͽ־˵ķṦΰ
ԣɪոܵ˫ֻ΢΢˫ֱͬһ
ʮģĸСʱ״ӺͲЭûһ˿ź
ιٴʱ򣬶ûȸԾˣ״ӺͲǸԴкƣԴλȥ
Ьģ·ҲģҶˣش˯
Ҷһز˲ͷĺֱۿ˿ⲻҰһ£ʯࡣ
á
Ҷһذ칫ʯҶҽ¶ⰡԽԽˣ̲ס£ֲ¡
Ϊʵ̫ۣ뿪Ҷһؾſڰ칫˯˻ᣬһ˯˯˵ڶϡ
찾ҹʹҶҽľЩãˣ컹ǲòš
ȻŰǰաסҹ¡ݡŵģҶһؽǡϢƻҶһؾ͵һʱϵԼ˽档
Ҷһسţ˳
ǺʮԺա
ǰ̫࣬ȥˣ³𣿡
˾ǰһֵˣͷЩΪѵضҶһ˵
ȻҾˡҶһ˵ŽԪݸ˾
˵ԴӵȻĺҶһؾûٲμӹˣȻ벻ˣϢֲһգյǴɡ
ֵѲ;ԱˣźƳЦǺǵشҶһ費ҪЧͣλѲλҶҽҲӡ̣кЩԥҶһͷ˶ͦͦ¶õЦݡ
ҶҽǸѽҪǰæ𣿡
Ժæǵģ鷳
Ҷһشֱǰߣӵģ̱´ɱšʱźƳɿһҶҽķṦΰ
칫ҵʱԺѾȺʱˣͬڰ칫ҵĻռҽԺԺڽ̸ǣͷҶһΪǵġƻ
ܶҶӰ˵ŦԼ׶ضֱҽɻ
ԣҲ˵ˣϾǹҵУҵķչڶֲ֫Ҳ֮󣬵һֲ֫ǻҽģôõĿͷٱ£Ǿûͬǽ
顱

ǵĹˡ˵ţһߴվҶһӭȥ
ͬʱһɫγͣʮԺԶķסլڡ
Ҷκѩӳ
ۣǱߺö˰ŲԶŵֹսǵĶ飬
ҶȻҲʮ־ȣǵһ뿪һУһ·͸ﰵԸ̾ϺķǿԶһĻеĹģö˰
հɣϴҲסˣÿܶͼֲˡ裬СүȽȥ
ãҶС㣬үɡ
Ҷͷ߱߻ͷ˲ԶĺʮԺһۣϺҽԺ


129 
Ҷһ߽ʮҽԺĸԺ칫ңٻԶվ
ҶҽҸһ£ٻԣռõԺͱˡЦǺǵ˵
ٻԺϺҽѧҲǼʢһȻѡпơǵֽԺЩڹϽͷβпƲвھλˡ
ԺáҶҽغٻԴк
ٻԱΪϺҽѧĿͣһѧϲҶһ뷨绰ѯҲٻԵһ֮ٵĿԡ
ռý֮սƵ࣬ҽҲϲʿУʱĴۺҽԺģշѸΪ⣬ͨĻռܵۺҽԺҽƱ
ٻȺ˾ԼҽԺ뷨ռáʮֻҽԺʱαģ֮˵ĲΡάҽԺתӴʽѹһȺİ״ҽԺ֮ǲùʵģȫƾһǻѪͷ׾ڼ֡
άһҽԺҪʽٺļҵн޳¶ᱻĹġ
˵뾭ѵҪƤһ߹֪ʱļֲȥˣʱԺٻ־ͺпһ𡣵Ҹ˵֯Ϻҽѧܳҡ绰ͷ˵
ԺˣֻػзŵȵģԺ澳Ϊռһ·ʵֵұѧϰ
ͨ绰˽һ⡣
ٻ´ҶһأЦ⣬ҶһֻػŵȣҶҽŴˡ
ҶһҲֺһλԺϣҶһϡαᵽЩʿӰӡ
ԺˣҼ
ˣǱȥģٻ԰Ҷҽڣ˳Ǯ۲׵ñˣΪϺܱߵİıúú
ǵȻ׼ˡٻ˵ţԵİȡֱֽݸҶһغ
⼸ѼģһϺľۼأҸҽԺϵͳһ£һƬÿ߰˸⻹ĹˣֶˣľĨһҲ͹ȥˡ
ԲǲõĵģҪǰڵ֯ռñʱ߿ҺͲˣھĲ˽͵ϸڡ
ҶһЦⲻ󣬼úϺʥоȻרóʱС
ٻԶһۣȵһأ
ȻǾȻڵ䣬ҿԺͲҽƹƻʮӣʥǱߣҲǴк£ûô鷳
ϴҽѧ۴Ҷһ鳤ͺܶҽԺҽнһڴҽԸҶһλ֮㽻ãΡƻʥҽԺҲҪ伸ѡ
̫ˡ
ٻԸƴЦҶһصĿӲͬ
λҶҽ˵ףɲǼ򵥵飬λҶҽȻԵЩ˵ҽԴˡ
˵ҽԴɲ˵һλ£ȶҩƷߣڹʱƽ⻼ڣлսҩƷǼֵǧ𰡡
ϸϸˡƻḷ̌ȷϿʵʩԺ󣬲Ŷһ
Ǿôöˣʲôǵ绰ϵ
ãһȥͲڹͨһ£ռõʱճĲҵ˺ͼúϺڲԽӣúȫⶼǲרʽԺúǿ
ٻЦģҾԲЩ˿ġ
䣬ͬʱЦ
һ̸һ磬վȥĳ˹ݳһٰɣ˵ðҳˣҿ벻𰡡
ҶһغٻȻû
˳˰칫ߣʮֻҽԺǻھ̫಻㣬Ǽ˲ţŲԶԱ߾һС˵мҵصıز˹ݡ
ֻǸ߳ŲԶ˾һִ
ôǼҵɵײˣˣ
ɵأô˶û˽˵
ִ𽥴ƺ֣ΪյԵʣܱѲ;ԱվڵģΪشϺĽӴԴϴλƤͺƤֿװκ󣬲ǷѲǾ¾ֶһٹ䡣
һأִֻƤǿƤƤǳƤ߶ŶԷյĽ˭û
裬˰ɣѲͲˡҶ
ˣôˣȻ˵ɵӡκѩۣݺݽѵƤ
ҶżǸӣ첲϶Ǵ࣬һͲǺģҲףǾӣǸӵһɵǴķιˣĸԣӲ˵Բ𣬿²ݡ
ҵıڣּãӳֲʱռϷ硣
ɵͣ͡
ӵĶһֱѹŴһӻ˲ɥʧǣӿ㶵ͳһذף˻ûзӦǰֱλаıڵ䡣
ذױôһѪڣѪҺ˲
̶쳹ʣƤͻƤͬʱܹ
κѩ˴ԭء

ѪöѪ
۾Ҫ
˸ûԶͷͿһصѪû緹ˡҽλ˵ıڴ
ô죿ô죿ҽûҽκѩץҶ֣Щ
Ѳ;Աȵ
ôѪûˡȥץǸֵġ
ˣǵ¡źƳɼܣŲ˲հγǹǹһͷ̯̯֡
ϴ¼ѵܣ˲٣ͷǸţ÷Ĵǳ䣬ѲѸ飬ͽߵķ׷ȥ
ϽֳһˣŶ˵Ƕɱ¼ͷԲǺܺã˻֣ѲҶҲΧ
ʲôܺߡҶ̿ڵ
ʼ磬ȻҶĻϣǸոǱ߿úףȻλˣȴŮָ˶֡
Ҫץ裬Ҫץ衣ͻȻҶ֣ܵǸͷǰһڿˮ˹ȥ
Χһ˲İźƳɼ״Щֻظ˸ĴָСһа
Ǹͷɫ˲ڣ֪˵ЩʲôµѲѾó˿
ҶһʱҲֳܵκѩǻѲ;ԱվȫûҪʩȵӣĻ̲סð
ϹûѪ𣡡
·ͻ·ͬʱ˹ǸûϳҶһأ뿪ڲ⣬ȴźƳһͦضŵ˺ǶϹûôҲû۾Ҫʲôõġ
ͷ˲ɻ󣬸ող˵ûôֳûˡ
˿ںܴѪҲѾ˲٣ֳѪٶȣǸϴˣҶһضߣϵ˿ڣ࣬û취ˡ
˿Լ֣ҧҧֱӽִ˽ȥѪָĸоٺָӴִУڰǻƬָ̣סһ


130 Ŵ
ٻԺʱҲܹ, ǲܿ죬ʱ䲻˰ʹû취ܵҶһߵʱ, Ѿˡ
˵ˡ
ôѪ, »˰ɡ
Ǹаıʱʶ, ҽô˵һޣ͸ˡ
Ҷһؿϻ, ˵ʶѵģһ¡
ҪѪˡ֪ԼѪ𣿡
֪ش
ʶػشٻԺ۾һ԰
Ǿҽ, OͶϡһĴȣ
ǸСǰɣȥҽԺ˵һ, Ƹƴ
źƳָɸȥȣֻҶҽ̧ͷҪơ
ȻС̵, ȥ˵꣬ɿҽԺȥ
УǲҪΧ, øȥ, Ǳ߻Ҫά򡣡Ǹͷ˵
ͷǼ£Ǹغһ¹ʻλòĻԺ, ͬʱҲϳҶһؾǵǸĻҽ
λ, ʾǲ, õĺõ, 뿪
˵, ˻֡
Ǹʲô, ֪˭𣡷ſңſκѩš
۴Ҷæͬʱ۾ȴһգգضǸڰߵӡ
һ׳ڸ߸һֱֻ밢೨˿ȫעȻûע⵽ߵҶˡ
ߡͷѲڰ֣Ȼκѩ˶
κѩѾѲȥȺɷԼ߶Ҷ˲︴ӵ󺰵һأ
ȻɣͬʱĻźƳɵ
СžԱһһߴƴƴˡ
źƳɻúܿ죬ΪոҽԺܵʱǱŶӵİվѾߵʹ֪ͨҽԺܵ·ӭ˺ʮֻҽԺҽԱ
ԺԺҶҽʮֻҽԺҽԱʶ˵ġ
ǰ̧ȥ˿̧࣬
ٻԣһ̧ͷһ̧ţ๤Ա
ʮҽԺҽ߽Ҷһؼ֣һѹָ˻ܻţֱֽȥѶס˰
һأָӣġ˵
ΪҶһŻߵĴһֻδѪ˵˳ɾûˣԵðҶһصĽߡ
У̧ұһ¡˵ţӰĳɶţȻ󻺻
ٻԵ˼״Ҳ̧
СʿֽƴƵý˵㣬ҶһǸӷ㣬ȵҶһȫֱ
ԺǱ߹ţס߸ǻԵĻѪζУѪС˻һĴҶһصָ죬嶯ĴкױƤԣմˮԵЩ֡
УƵߣ
ãСʿµƴ
λаĲں˰뱲ӵıڣһα˵Ʒһţʶ㱵ͬʱһůӿͷ鼤֮£ɿЩ
߿ԵذѺ鲻ҪҶһһ˵ţһҲƴƴϣȷԼץˣſڵߣ
һأһأҵܵܣ
ƴµꤺˮ·Ħһڰ״ƴѸʮԺȥ
㱼䣬Ҷһƺڽ֣ʶػͷһϤӰƷѲĳ
ˣ
Ҷһüͷ΢壬ҲƬְ̣˼ת˻ڿɲǷʱ
ÿÿóһƷǸŰ״һܣźƳɼ˸Ǳƴܿ˼ֻŶӵȺóһ·
źƳɾȵǣƽ΢λöһȺʱϣǺǳ⣬ָ£һƳͨĵ˳
쵹ͦʶడƽʱʡ۲ٹ򡣡źƳֹ
ԱһݺźƳɵֹŵӽӻ٣۶ˣиж֮ģıĵġ
ƴһ·ƽңſҽˡ
ߡ
죬ͨ
κڣڰ˯֮䣬̧ͷȻǰһֱи˹ţ˵Ķе㻬ѳ
κʮֻҽԺȫòҶһȻߵ˿ڱһҽ˫޳Ѫܵڸǻ׼ȷסǸĽĶ˴ʱ򣬻Ǵһ
Ƕṹж˽⣬ûҰͽ־ס
ҽΪʱҵû¸ǻϸһ顣Ҷһص
ҽͷֹѪǯǯסҶһĴҶҽˣÿζ˾ȡ
Ҷһػִӻ߸ǻóѪ˳ָ£ҵĵذϵγѪ
СʿæëҶһزҶҽٲ˼¡
öѣֻ˶ͬʱѪĻžͽˡ
Ҷһؽëŵһߣҽ˵˾䣬̧뿪ˡ
һ⣬Ҳû¹ӵ˼ںʮֻҽԺʳöԸһ¾ʹҴҷֿˡ
ڻؼúϵ·ϣҶһز˸ոǸֵˣŲһ£¶˹ı顣
Ҷ
ҶϺˣ
ҶһҶǶ£ԴϾЩ
úſڵʱÿκɾӷһųҶһصĳʶزͷһۣӵĸʻϻһӡ
Ҷҽüͷ΢΢κȶۿκˣǸоӵ˽κʷڣڿƵĿҽһϲһ³ôھͳԺˣ
ʦͣɡҶһ˵ţǮݸ˾첽߽úϴ
Ҷҽ첻Ϣ𣿡ʮ־ȵؿ߽Ҷһء
ҸոտκҽԺȥ˭ĳԺ
ԣ¶ε飬ڵ˷˷óκǷݡ
˵أ͸ոգκŮʿļˣҪǰԺǸ˿ˣȻھȻﵱǴҵֱӣ˵ʲôһҶǻԼȥƨʲôģû취ǩЭ͸˳Ժ
ȵĻˮƽҲۿɼٶȲⲻѧǿǸ˵ĻʱԵΩΩФģҶһط˷κĵҩʱüͷ΢塣
úûкͺһ涨ĳЩҩһֻٶ٣κѩҩдġ͡Ǻ׳Ƶİҩ
ߵļһԷõĻ˰ˡ
ŶˣϴαҪκŮʿļʷΪͣûʳɣһһ£Ǽ¼˵ţ˷óһдӢĵ
ҶһؽӹһĿʮеÿԽüͷԽ
ʲݵдӢĵͷʴ𣬶Ǽ¼ߵ
λκŮʿӶҵģ˵챾ȥ칫ҵģǺͣˡŮ˻ýΪЩһǺǳֻô¼
Ҷһصͷȣúܺãġ
һűֽ¼һŴʷŮ˼˵ǱҵİκŴﲡʷܶ඼вŮΪֲӰԵʣ֪
κ֮ǰҲδ岡ʲô
Ȼʮ»̥һ䣬˸СӣӹС޴֣ɰЦü˳谮ɷȻģκֶΣϺϲ˵ĻҲƽ˳
ź˷֣ͬĺվˣܣͬĺ˵аˣܣһ¶κʹʹ࣬Ҳò⺢ӵ⡣
ǱɷߵģæѰҽҩʱһλصͷֺӲˣѰңƾȻǵһ﷢
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Ĺºֻûһ仰˵öԣûо˵ʹ࣬ͲҪվԼĽǶ϶˵Ĵ·ʽָֻš
κŮʿԺǰ˵һת棬ҪҪǸȥ˵ԥһ£ƺΪгԺӾͲٰⲡŴˡ
ҲҸŴŴ顣
ҶһسĬ˼ӣöԣ֪ˣϵʽ𣿡
ǸҶҽģǸ˺ܼκŮʿˡ
Ҷһصͷűģ淶Ĳʷ¼ֻͷȵĻ֪ͨҡ


131 ¿ʼ
Ҷһǰ, űֽ뵽˽ںʮֻҽԺſڵ飬ǸӰҶĻ, ǺҶһ, ¾λ̫̫
, ҶһС, СģҶ뻹ҪСһЩԲ£ǾֻκĽ, λ̫̫ˡ
ںʮֻҽԺſڵ, ȥƨ, Ͷˡ
ҶһصĿٴ䵽űֽϣֽҲᵽλ̫̫λ̫̫ҲͬһλչٻĶӣϢѹκһ, ԺҲɷ, ֻ, ֱڡ
Ҷһطеֽ, ̾һŴ⵽90ִδܽ, رֶŴ, ǻⶼⲻʮ׼ȷĽ
κҪг, л߶Ƶر30Եͼûʱ, Ҷһȥҽ칫ǸԵͼģ⹤, 󲿷ֲ涼Ҫ˹ɡ
24СʱԵͼ, ˹棬ʹĳɱްθˡ
顣
ҶһػƷʱһ󼱴ٵ
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ҶһصĶ΢΢һͣЩؿҶ浡
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ҶҰȵصĴС㣬ȴҪͷ¶ȥ׬ã˵Сô꣬ľϺҲһˣܵ𣿡
Ҷž˵һѣ˵ֱ
Ҷһ̵һˮȥҶ浺ݺݵһۣһѽӹ๾ȥ
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ʲôǣҶȻģɵĴ𰸡
ҶҽҲһˮҶǴΡ桱һ¡
Ҷһػû˵꣬Ҷ˾Ѿת磬鶼ˣҲ˵ʱûϳѲˣ
ȻҶҲֲ֪Ҷֵˣ˵ܺһǲʲô£Ҷ浾ôСۣҶԱ͸ˡ
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Ҷһأ
ҶҽЩεؿԼֻĽ㣬ʱþãһӾˣǵǲӾ翪ʼĽڵҶϺ飬ԣĹ¿쿪ʼˣ
Ҷһؿʼǲ̻¼ľ飬ϻǸҹӸʹŮѧİ飬ʱԼеȨʹⲿ
ǵãкжŮһеĹ¡
ңҶ浱ҶһؿȫƤˣɺһɫ˵ҶǸκңһü޸˰еĶ棬ʥԼ¼ȡ֪ͨ飬Ǿġɲصǡ
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ҶȻ˵ǸҶһأǸơšϺҶһء
ǷʥԼ¼ȡ֪ͨ飬ͨðȥŪģǵʱ¼רҵɣΪרҵʵԵԭЦɵ͸ǸСŪòŵרҵʡѧֳ˻
ҶʹĬĬ˵ͷۿҶһؾ˵ĳ棬Ǹ侲ָģЩҽԱŷģԼƴʱҶһƴѹŰ˿ģǸĬĵܵ
ӦǿİɣǵǶϹģضͺñȿһİһҶ˵ʲôζ
ȻĳҽˣһΪ˵ıֽҵأҼǵǰҶһΪ´ãôͳҽأ
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κѩע⵽Ѳһ˿ĲôƵĿ⣬죬²˵ˡ
ʱ绰һ䣬¶Цõĺõģʮָл鷳Ȳ֪ͨһǳȥ¼
µ绰κѩڵĽ˵ǵܺãҶҽǣǵͬ鱻Ȼˡ
ʽںʮֻҽԺſڽץǸˣѲƺеλҶǲǺҶҽʶ

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꺺ӻ˵һ룬һʹǸһźݺӵĸôûˣõͦѲҲϲ˴˵
䣬һԵѲͿ첽һӵһ֣ߡ
Ҫ
ȻһƺҶκѩɫɷס
κѩڻһסĶ䣬ӵƺԼǸֵĻʶϺǷѲǺǡ
ԣʶҶҽǸٴοڵ
ҶѲһۣ˵ͷʵʵ˵ҵܵܡ
λʱպôӰ칫һˮȣˮֱ˳㵵ؿҶ㡭Ҷҽ㣿
ϵı˲ùǰҶҽĽ㣬ЩƷ˴
С㣬ȻҶǺܲǼȻѾҵǸˣҲڹ˽ûҪ˵ֻѡ
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ãôˣκѩֵؿκ
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лҪ˵ֲԲ70%Ӱ50-60%ƿȬزŻᷢչеҪԲҪ¡


132 
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Ҷһǰ˵㣬Ӧû˵仰ʡ
˶ɵʧˮ10%250ml5%̼100mlӵ1000ˮУע
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ҽԼĪ߰˸ˣǿҶһʱϾȵȫβסΪ1933ĳƬǺڰ׵ģĳƬȱһЩЩҽǿʱϵıƬģû뵽ǰλҽƬϻҪἸ֡
˹ҽԺɭҽĪ׶ҽҽԺĿҽҽһһҶһؽЩ֪ҽԺҽ
Ҷҽϱ÷µʱҲЩҽԺҽ򽻵ЩҽԺĴͳʮϤģһһ֣ǳȻؾͺЩҽ
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˵ǿһƪʱıͶҶһжٶͬǲܵģԽǸ֪ԽԽϳԼˡ
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Ҽǵ㵱˹ͶݹһɾѡûԲԣͻȻڵ
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۵ҽˮƽȫһҽƻǻмģҽƴϣԺÿÿо
ҽΪƵı仯úϱԺѾҪջϺúϷԺĹϢϢ棬ôڼú˵ǸĴ
ҲˣԺ⼸꼫ҪϺúϺͼúϱԺָѼúϱɸΪ֮ҽ͸ҽȻͬһǸ˲ûС
λĺͬǸúϱԺǩģǱԺѹȨջȥλס֪ˣԺŶΡƻôֺ֧ԡ
ֲ֫һǵΨһϺúõóֵģڹ˵飬Ҷһػᣬǻˣõסˡ
ïŶһҲ˼ڴ綥İ
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133 
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ЩУϺͿĪӱȻᱻᵽĪֵǰͷϲɵ°ٻǰ׺ôɵ°ٻڼ˵ʱڸҵõع⣬1933ϢʱԿϵЧģĹ֮һˡ
ҶһԤУÿĪɹˣ90гӪѧαϣпĪ.ɵһϯ֮ء
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ȺԶİ״һӽĪĲΧʵʵһȿֺ⣬ֲϵҪСģú˵嶼ֱ˼ȡ
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ҶһأȣҶҽҴأ뵽鲻ĿƮһ£漴Զóֽ¼Ī׶ֱüᶨҶһؾģԼˣĪ׶һϺʱ䣬ͷܶ
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˵ǡĩǸĹԱȴûһ˿ԹԣʱķĿֻǸ磬Ǽıֽƽĺοǵһţ綼í˾Ҫͬǰ⡰¡ͷ֡
ҽԺ˹ءҽѧϰֲ֫ǹҵչ֫ƻ
ҽԺ˹ءҽѧϰֲ֫ǹҵչ֫ƻ
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ģϸúϡʥϺʮֻҽԺռһ֯ģͷ˵ˣ12СʱֻҪǵصĶ֫нȥĻᣬǹҵҽԺ⼸նṩ֫±Ͷ֫ķ񡣡λԴıͯϸ˽͵
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绰ڿǹҵĸҽԺ໤ʿһŴֽ첽ߵҽԺſڣ·ϺĿýˮԼҽԺԱߵǽϡ
ʿһߣ·˾ʹ
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˵죬ֶָģԵѴͱ棬˵쿪ʼйʴҽԺҽǽϣ
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кܶ໰˵ģǿʦȻʲôҲ˵ˡҶһͣƬ̣Ҫ˵ʲôĻô˵ʦΪһҽ
̧ͷעѧãŻڵҶʱҼֱֻǸʮͷˡ
ãмˣѾ඼ԺĽ׶ˣҲרҽҶһǡ
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Ĭرܿ˲Ҫ뿪⣬Ͷֲ֫ƹۣ۵Ҫ΢豸־ϸеá
⼸һֱԸżúϵġƻֲ̨֫һֱʲôԸƵģһֱҪ죬ҶһͺƲƼһ㣬ˣ豸
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139 
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Ҷҽͬʱתͷ˵һ豸ңҺļԷˮף۳֪ͨҡڰԼɪֻȷ¡20%Ҵʪ׼ǿļѪż
ҽҶһؿ˫´뿿ڴһɫԼɪεΪһֵ𣿡
Լɪԣһɫɫѿˡ
κѩҶһذ칫ҳվڼȴ￴ҶһؿָŰ״ǣľȻذ
һߵʿ̨òӢĵãҿĵ绰𣿡
õʿĿ϶𰸺ͨҵĵ绰
ҶһؽκѩκһߣҶκѩϺϢȻҶ浴ضĶڽװҶҽһ绰л˼ҡ
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ض𻰻û˵ͱҶ浵һЦϡ
ضԲۣҶ浣ʲôˣ
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ضˣͿһ䣬˵ҹæҪԷĻҲõĩضѡ˵÷ء
Ҷض˼޷ԵǸ´Ĺ뵽Ҷ浲ɶλᴦм´ĹضƺǸҶִ̫̫нѳˡ
ϺôôɵģϵڶΡҶЦһǽҹ⡣
ҶҽںˮԲ㱻ˮǺ
Ϻȷʵ󣬵ȴСžȻĲŵκҶһزضˮöʮǧݣҶҲһɡ
һ˼죬ʳ֪ζس
ҶһغҶ˵ڶ춼йûһߡ
ճţҶ浴ְͳƱݸҶһء
Ԣ¥ݵĵЩ谵ҶҽƱݣƱս¥ĵơ
һ㣬ҵĵӰӳʽҶ
Ҷһزػͷ漴¶ϲЦô죿°ɣôӳˣ
Ҷ浿ҷˣ͵͵ˡҵĹһȥġ
пվ͹үҲǵһĵӰʲôҾĵûСҶ浽Ų죬Ͼֻжʮ꣬ŬԼֵƽҶһػǴϲú˷ܡ
Ҷһ֣صؽƱսڴ㣬һȥģҲȥġ
Ҷ浳Ĭ˼룬㲻׼ǿ
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ʵȥͺˣһܿҾͺܸˡ
㡣

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Ҷһ㶣漴ҹɫɽﴫŮˬʵЦģܹ˵ţҶ浽еƱҶһأҲûʲôѡ
ӿڷֿҶ˵Ӱ˾רŸĳҶһصӣҶ浿ԶˣߵڹսǴȥ
ųڵĵƣЩĵؿűֽҶһֽŵһߣЩίؿҶҽ
û
ҵµȥ˼鱨棬ҪȻ·̣ҰǼұġ
󴦳ҶһһģֺֺЦݺҶһҧһڣûҧģҧһЩ᲻ã˼¡
Ҷһضģؼʻλˣˣ߰ɡţʻɽ
ҶҽԼͣתͷ⣬׵ѪǣθҲãǰתǴˣͣһ¡
ֻд
ƱҽĵӰƱһ㣿
ûϢ𣿡
¸Ҫʼ⼸ܶ๤ҪӣиսԵ
úúãû˵
лҪ˵᣺ڳˣ..
Ҷҳæģ


141 
ںҶһ̸껰֪õĲκѩһʱ˵绰绰ͨʹ칫ңκѺ󣬸ӶֱҶȥ
ΪƿƵ£Щãرǵ֪κйɱʷκѩʹְûڣ֮ĻжҼĲͷŭ
Һκѩһ˵潫һ٣ǱҶס
Уʼû˵һ仰ֱκѩλеĶ²˵˾䣬κȴҪҺΪλúõö࣬û˾һŮˣңߺܸٶ
κѩûҶ֣˷ŭʻǱõĿֻţ˵ĵµ飬ߺĶӸô졣
κѩһ䣬ҽҪ㻹еģϰ˵ǰҽԺʹҴ뿪
ڶһ磬Ҷһ絽˰칫ңʱǸԷˮ׻ߵ֢״ûȫʧ˵аգҩӦܿסҶ϶עˣǾۿܷġ
״ǼҶһس֣Ҳӿ˽Ӻ׼ٶȣǽļúϾȻĵҽǰʼ˲鷿
鳤
鳤
Ҷҽ
ǸԷˮףȥû
ȥˣҽֿһһֱ˵賿Ӧ˯ͦ졣
Ҷһط¼һ٣ЦӦüסѵˡ
״ǷһЦ
ݻָòԼоôʲô𣿡ҽ߹һŲϸѯŲ˵
ޣҽҸоãҺܶҵʲôʱܳ⣬ţ⣬ţ̡һնβĲһڼؿҶһء
Ҷҽһ߷Ųһߵţ̿𣿡
ҶҽһϿҵģ˼ţ̵ĿԣӦװɣûҲǺõġ
ޣûˣҳ˶о
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𣿡Ҷһӡ
Ȼӻشţţ𣿡
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ҶҽЦһļסˡڻβױǸСҪٹ۲켸죬ͿԽԺˡ
ллҽ
ллҽ
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ˣκŮʿоôʲô𣿡
Ҷһƺ˿ûв΢գǳȻطκ΢Цŷʡ
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ɷĽ㣬Ϊļķա
κ԰Ŀȹκѩϵĳ֮ɫһصϣٴνͷת⡣
κŮʿɷɣҽһ£ҶһأúϾȻĵҽ޽̸ûиظһ顣
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Ҷһض˶٣κŮʿ˵ǿԸ
κѩ涼˳ĬĪκƺЩκѩ죬ڴߴٵҽ˵˵հɡ
Ҷһصͷ­ǸնСʧƫ̱֫ʧˣȻҲп
ϵıԽһ£Щɬؿڵô𣿡
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һ˲İֻõκصĴϢ
Ҷһعϼ¼֣ص֪ˣôӽһֹͣĿҩڼκβʱǵĻʿǽԵͼλ̿Щ׼
ڵĻſģȥ˵꣬κѩͷһڰ״ӾҪߡ
ƺȻ뵽ʲôͻȻڽסҶһأҶҽҶһأŶû¡죬ְѻ˻ȥ
ҶһϡµҪ˵ʲôκѩȻûҲװͿٴζǵͷ첽һ
ȵҶһصӰʧڲſڣüκѩҶһأ㼸ǰйϵõʥԼ¼ȡ֪ͨҶһأһ˰ɣ
κѩһңЦһûǸСӵı˶ӣκѩһû뵽ӻͦġ
üͷȴԽԽôᣬҼǵʱõĻϵ¼ȡ֪ͨ飬­ô𣿡
ȻҪҵ̫̫Ȼõҽȥʰɣ˼úϻʥԼҽԺҲкܶ಻רңȥʡ
κѩԣ̵ͷˣҶˣˣˣҲһҪҲȥʣûиõҽǺǵĻҲкüǳҽ
κһֱţκѩ˵ҶһݵʱҲһ££κѩͨȥģҲӡ޳
ˣҾҶҽˣ㲻Ե±ԹϾǵǷ֪ͨʱɶûġ
κѩҲƽκȲúǸҶҽ˵ȥ绰˵ţ첽򲡷ſȥ
㡭չ˺Լʲô¸Ҵ绰ϺôҽģĸãǾĸ­СҪصġ
κþûд𻰣κѩְҲ첽˳ȥ
˶뿪Сǰκ˱ˮ̫̫ʵںġ
κűеˮˮڣھӾȵĿнָ뱭в˲ӣŮʱ򲢲Ҫ˵ںִ˰뱲ӣڲףʱҲ

κЦЦûж˵ǱˮˮȥκѩԹ԰ֱ죬κѩԺһĴȴˣ²ϲϲȴƾԼ̫̫Ȧ÷ˮ𣬻ܼκǰҲò

κӺ¶Цݣκѩڻ֪չٻҲΪҲǿƵģ˵أ˵
κѩűӵս漴͵ؽˮ˽ȥ
﷢һҵĿ
Ӽæǰ̫̫̫̫


142 
һκѩӼúϻȥ󣬶ʼ绰ѰҺõ񾭿ҽ
­­ҽԺˣʺõҽʮԺҽôˣ˭Ҫ­
￪­˭˵ģúϣ绰ͷúϵ֣úϵҽſڿӵģҶ񾭿ҲôϤ򶭣ҰѺʮԺҽĵ绰ɡ
绰ͷôشҲɽͻϾλҶҽʵ̫ᣬΪӡǰһͨλҽĵ绰
ǿס꺮ֱӽ⡣
ֶ˵ҽλ绰ͷҽҲɻ
еĻɸһҽҶһأڶֲ֫滹Щɾ͵ģβԣռ󣬶λҶҽʵ̫ˡ
绰ͷĬ˼ӣ漴ҽһ΢˵Щɾ͡Գɾ͵Ҫߡ
Ҷҽȫһɶֲ֫ҽȫļҽԺ˹صҽרúѧϰ֪˹ҽѧĵλɴѧĹͽš
ҶҽҲоģҽԺҶҽһԴˣмӲĤѪ׺ǳѪ׵Ҹ˵ָǲԵġ
Ҷҽʸ̽꣬˾ȻţŶҵ˼˵ҶҽȻһǱĲ˸ȻˣڻҽԺԽԽˣļʺܴ󡣡
λѿвЦҽڵ绰ͷиؿҶһأ绰ԱԴȥģĻΪ绰ͷǴ˵еҽС
ȿȣǸһ˵ʱ䶨ҶҽûкΪʲôҪֶôƣгôλģ𣿡
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Ȼҽźڼġʱ䶨˸ҡĶйҶ˵绰
涼˼ҪǲҪͬġʱ䶨֪ͨҡйҶϵ绰
һȦ绰һǸҶҽͦףǡ¡
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ģллллô˵Ҿͷˡʱ䣿
ʱ仹ûλҺһ䣬ʲôͼԶԶԣԵͼҪⲻðɡ
ҶһػһڿƵĽпأƲ
1933ĵ绰˽ԲôãҶվɳ绰ͷ˵
̫̫ôĵ绰ˣҸ˵ҽУ˶βãôŶȫ磬Ҳõҽˡ
κѩһʱǼȸ΢ҵ˺ҽ΢ΪҶһصݣ硭
ллллˣׯҽ
κѩµ绰ЩӵؿҶ죬һűĳһ䣬ܵܣ湻ġ
Ҷ΢㶣˵ض𣿡
κѩɳʾҶҲûҶ˼ֲʲô˵£ϸϸ˵һκ£Ȼȥκɱ顣
ػȥȰȰ裬ض𲻶Ըһ£Ҷһøĸ̬ȣ㲻׽ҲҪжԣ⼸ҽԺģҪ˺ƤҶһӵ˲ٵģټҲһù
ҡκѩԥһ£˲ͦġ
ҶؿκѩӡĿ޳ʮּģǽȻһҶһصۡ
ضִ˵㣬ƫ˵㣬ֻðְֵϿɣرĳ˵ѹܴ󡣡ҶԺҶһصڵ
κѩüͷѰѡִšƫִʺǸһ΢Цİ״ϵһӡǸ״Զܳȣž͸һְȫУ˻ƫ
ˣɣܷܵˣҲεģȻûϳȱ˵ˣȻ˵ʵ䷴κѩ
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ͺñȣ֪粨ҽʮĴҽʱҪͣͷȥ
ˣ϶ˣǵƼˣҪĸȾһҲȹˣ½ԳԺҲӱڽһϽҶһأڽӵǩ֡
һдһߵҶ㣬Һˡ
ҶҽӹڵݹǩֱʣͬʱǩԼ֡
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ʮϣҶһغؽڡԼԺҽ޲ҽȽ˷ɻ
ˣˣȥɣѣֲǼˡҶһ׼û
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Ӱ𣿡
Ŷ㣬ϴλƯС㣬ȥһ֣漴˹Ŀ£ګګؿڵȻҵôɪһȥԵøƱ
ؽҲʮָӣ˸ҽΪһݲõи߲⣬˶ǳ˵Ʊ
Ʊһͳȥһ룬ʣµһ룬ҶҽԺ︡дҪȥѧˣȻȥ㡭


143 
Ҷһص¾ſڵʱԼĪʮһңǾ¾Ϣʱ䣬Ŵ󿪣мΧ˿ľӳʰδźԶԺ룬ľӶ˱ü⣬滹һɫĺƸɺԵѪµĺۼ
Ӹͣȣһ󼱴ٵƷ̽ͷ߿ߡ
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㳳ɣһлԪ˲̫Բ˵㣬ȱл˵ǡ
֮𣬿ԭҾáöԡ
ҶҽһʮˣϱѾʮëͷСһôҵرԼУһΰʾ⣬θһֱǱؽţһΣͻȻǰӦøȻһ㣬һ㣬Ӧ΢һ㡣
ȻٳϵƣлԪĿҲףδ̹ݵΪкܶ谭ǰ;仰˵˳
ԣһ㶣漴ЦӱסҶһصĸ첲ͷ˲ͷҺܸ˵õϿɣҵ̫


144 
Ҷһغڶ¥칫緹˵˻ỰҶһؾͰʣµĵӰƱݸ
ҶһóĵӰƱһϲϵıͱЩ졣
ţ
ҶһصͷҽϵĵӰƱˣԷָĲǡ
ָ£üҶһص˵ÿɷ
гһŵӰƱ˵ʱ칫ſڴһ᲻صüͷϢʱ䣬ʮֽ飬˾Բеʱ

Ŵ򿪣ֻܴͷ첽ſ߽ߵߣ˵ʲô¶һ˿
ոտĿڣ
ԣոչģҲ⣬ֻˡ
ӹܴͷϻѪӡӵĿڹ¼һĿʮеؿԽϵԽ䡣
һˮû뵽һ㡣Цߵ绰ϵ
ҶһؿϾģ֪ҪͶ빤ˣվæֱӵӰԺɡ
ûпãźƳ㡣
ҶһصͷҪ뿪ֵܴͷЦ:ܿƣ㿴ӰжӳʽӰƱԴɩȥ˵ţֱָָߵĵӰƱ
ܴͷ۾һǰջ˵ԼûʲôأӰð°ӳʽǲǳ֣Ʊ˰ɣ಻˼ô˵ţܴͷ۾ȴʱʱֱ
ҽһ ӰӳʽƱøҵģǮСɱĵӰӳʽԽԽáҶһشֱŵӰƱݸ硣 
ϵЦݸˣ󴦳΢ӰƱ
ҾͲˣллҶҽܴͷϲ̵ؽӹӰƱشԼĻ
ޱؿܴͷĿڿһɵӣƽҲ㾫ܸɵһˣôÿ¾ôûɫء
ܴͷҶһ͵ſڣ칫Ŵ򿪣ӭ˼߶
ҶҽҶһصͷʾ⣬󿴵Ҷһʺãᴦ
ԿơҶһҲòԵضͷͬʱתͷ˵æˡ
ǡ

Ӿ¾뿪ҶһֱӻҽԺ˵ҹ࣬ǺͲڽӵôæкܶû˳½ӵĲˣ˵ѾɣЩĲ¡
ҶһصúϵʱúκѩǰţźǿĽ
Ҷҽ
Ҷҽ
ҶһͣסŲͷֻκѩ첽
ΪҪ׷ҶһصԵʣߵЩߵҶһǰʱκѩЩ
Ҷҽû״ӣҴӺͷһʱϡ
κѩѾ⣬κǰǾװͿװˣܺõذһͨ˵Ĳ˼һ˿޵ֺá
ҶҽҲֵװͿκŮʿǺã࣬Իû·
κѩǰºͣȼѵˣźôöðƫƫôεݡ
Ҷҽ֧ľҽͻʿ˵ˣûһ棬ǲ̤ʵԸҲϣܶæǼҵŴҸ׾﷢ߵģ쿴Ǹģġκѩ˵ԴʵУۿҲЩ졣
˲ʪ۽ǣЩ˼ԲҶҽʧ̬ˡĸ״˵绰˵ΣȫҶлġ
Ҷһţûһ˿ͣκѩ˵꣬ҲƽˣſڵκŮʿģҶÿһȫԸġ
κѩϵͷʱŷ֣ʲôٻʲôȨƣͼǰԵô΢ǰǸףãδһ뵽ԺҲκѩ;ԼԺ
Ҷһؿ˿ǽϵʱ䣬ңȥ칫һ·ȥһκȻȷҪˣ粻˳٣飬ȷʱٸǹͨ԰ɡ
κѩͷлͬʱͷʹ˸ɫ
ӸոһֱһԲ֪Щʲô״첽ǰһֱŵһдšĴӵݸҶһء
Ҷҽ˵Ѿ׾Σ˵ϲȲ裬ҾʹӼЩҶССɾ⣬͵һҵĸм֮顣
ҶһȷʵϲȲ裬ҽʱҪҹͬ¶ǹ࿧ȣҶһȲ߿ǿζ͹̲裬̲֮ףҲǹ򵽵̲裬һ˽ʮ꣬Ҳͺȹˡ
ⱲҶ̣ڱķܸܲŴȣһϣõǽԼģԭСүȵϡҶҶҽֻ಻١
ȲȺǸĲˣⲻ£úϵҽԱǾͶ֪ҶҽϲȲ衣
ҶһĿɨײͻֽһ˿Ȼ²ֹǲҶɡ
ĺˣǲյġ˵ţļ첽칫ȥ
Щȵؿſ첽߹Ҷһء
˰ɣκѩ
ɡκѩ㱵
Ҷһؿ칫ң˰״Ӿʿ̨ߡ
ڻʿ̨һЩ飬תͷҶһأȵҶҾüúҪһ鱮㶼ҪϢ𣿡
Ҷһε̫ѨκˣһٷһΣֵҩҩԺҪȣԲ̫ȣ⼸Ǽ¼ҡ
Ҳ˵ҶһغͿҽֶκ£һӱҸս˵ǰص
1933꣬Ӣŵ߰ﰲŸոտ϶˲ԵͼۣңԶĶڼúϣȻҪȥλ˵ԲҪԴΪݽţֱ
ǿػҶһضԴ˳ʮֹ۵̬ȣֲ֧Եͼ۵ģ칫ʮԭʼԵͼʱ򻹻ץʵ飬ʲôʱʳֺͷˣúϵİ״Ǿ֪ҽԵͼʵˡ
ҶҽһʮҽһҽȻҲԵͼ˽⣬ݿҽ˵ҶҽԵͼ˽Ѿ⵽Ӧõʵĵز˵ʵԵͼ۵߲ûߵӦʵһ
ΪڵѧǼúΨ֪ҶһǽתʥԼҽѧԺһʵˡ
ӲʦϢʱ鵱ʱһӦǲʦô˾ȻῪЦȻŲģΰŵҽ˴𾪵һٵԱյ̡
ţٵ
κ⼸ݶȻѾͣ˿ҩҲûҪļ󣬾ô죬ڵĿҩӦѾлòˡ˵
Ҷһصͷǲˣ찲ԵͼɣҺͿҽȥ׼һ¡
ȣ֪ͨκļϾŵ㣬׼Եͼ
õģҶҽৼ¼ҶһصĻӻʿ̨һƿˮκȥ
ҶһʱҲ˼¼̧ͷҸһȥߵ״̬
ԷŻ˽ŲһһżȽΣĲˣһ룬˷ʲôš
Ҷһػͷ˸顣
ҽҲȥκ𣿡Щֵʵ
һҽƸͶһ棬ԼˣһҽһһһιȥˣһͲȥˣ䲻ʲô涨ȴҲҽԺԼ׳ɵˣ˵Ȼֽ޲ǺԣҲλθҪһȥġ
¶һõЦҶһأҶ Եͼ𣿡


145 
Ҷһػͷ
Ҳһ顱ػ
ҼǵϢ
ҶһغŰǽŵģҶһذϢ飬κԵͼŵ㣬Ϣʱ
һͬؿҶһأҶо仰Сҽġβǰ̸ʲôϢ
Ҷһغȶһۣӱ˴пЦ⡣
Уϣһ𡣡
ԣſԼ˫ۣҪӵҶһԼϲ֮飬ȻҶҽһԭأĬĬջԼ˫֡
ߵκʱ򣬲ջһΣκѩ濴Ҷһؽվ
Ҷҽ
Ҷҽ
ҶһصͷߵκǰκŮʿ⼸оôʲô𣿡
κҶһص̬ǼõģھӵĲҶҽ⼸һֱڴϣЩоüˣô𣿡
ҶһЦЦҹΪ£ڵĿҩлòˣϽλļ飬ЩҪ˵ãԵͼһԵͼЩűѧϿɣʱܺʱ᳤һ㣬һɲһСʱǿҪʮСʱ졣
ڼ䣬ΪʺͶλʣͣÿҩ⣬᳢԰˯շʵ飬ѡԵǵ缫ÿһʱӦöСʱңظԲ˵һսܶѡԣϣκŮʿ׼
1933꣬˵ƵEEGͶ̬EEGͨEEGûбģҽ칫̨toe˾ģͻ
Ҫ߶λȷȣֻܿһδյü⵽ٴϸλ쳣ŵ紦
κ̵ͷ˵ֻҪκԲں
κѩҲҶҽģȫȨϡ
ҶһصͷǺãǾҪһԵͼˣΪ˼ЧκŮʿϾͲҪ˯ˣûʿ̨ʿÿСʱһΣҪĻ㱾˵ͼĵϡ
ҶһصĻ䣬κѩ;˯ǸҶҽΪʲôⲻ˯Ҳ̫ˣ屾Ͳãһϲ˯ôܵס
Ҷҽº͵ЦЦȻ˺Ͳ˼ʵȨҽҲнɻ񡣡
ģҽһ£ԵͼҪǷŴǵԲһΪԪ쳣ŵӶ´ʧļԪ쳣ŵǵԲᷢ仯ԵͼΪ˼¼һα仯ĲģӶλλá
δ£ǲ׽쳣Բ޷λǰλʱһϵյֶΣ˯ʱȡƣﲡ˴ڷ״̬ǸҳԪ쳣λá
Ҷһ˵꣬ͣһ£κѩ棬λʲô׵𣿡
κѩҶһºĵӣٴθпƲȥҶһصݲᣬһ˼ĽǶȳλҶҽһѵõĺҽ
ûûˣллҶҽ
ллҶҽһֱû˵Ҳ΢΢Ҷһرʾл
ҶҽڰֱʾÿǸ뿪
ӾȻ뿪Ҷһȥ¥ƲתһȦƻʿ̨Լϲڿҽ칫ңֱӹȥң漴ֱȥ˿ҽ칫ҡ
ҽڰ칫ŪԵͼҶһؽվЩԵͼµĹȡüƬҶ
㿴⼸ҵﲡԵͼƬӣмģ㷢ûУһβϸоβ3ȣ߼⣬м䰼һ㣬񾣼Ȼһ3-5ȵ㿴⼸˶β
һһСʱԵͼβǲرԡ̫ˣݻ֣ҶԤУ쳣Σ
ҽ˵㵸ⲻǷһ쳣ε£ζԵͼĿӦʵˣⲨΣô񾭿Ƽ᲻ҲеⲨأ
ûCT˴ŹԵͼһ㣬Ϊܶɨϰ
Ҷǲ֪ˣޣ϶֪ˣȻ㲻ĵظԵͼԶλţǶֲ֫ԵͼӦٴÿ춼ڴʷ
ҽҶһصļĵҶҽϵЦݼάֲסˣ˻۰
ֻǾϿУԪ쳣ŵȻԲ쳣ֻû뵽ҽжôǿȻѾҳⲨˡҶһһ˵
ҽҶһصĻһҲţڿҽȻҲ֪ǿеģ΢еѧҽѧ߶֪۵ʵ·жߣҶһصʱǳصģһϿеҽ˵ġ
һ׼ˣֻ۵ҽһ㣿
ҶǵĳɹôǱȻϡҶˡ
ҶϴʱʷƾãҽѧȨҽѧڿ֮һ˵κһҽѧߣǴҽѧоģҽܵϡҶΪ٣˵ֻҪڡҶ
ôҽѧͿԳƵǡĪǰ·֪˭˲ʶˡ
ҶһԣһˣҶԽ˾ʮʱ䳤ӣû䡣
ûǴĻֱǰڡҶϷĶʮƪտҽ˵κԵͼӦٴĿԷڡҶ棬пܳΪʷһڡҶĵĻˡ
ҽҹҪ˵£κһԵͼﲡڹƣ׷ҽϲ˯ȻԼϾŵ㣬ҾǻǾѼҲòϢ
ҽԵͷ˿ǿ˵û⣬ߵôһᾡ磬˾ֱȥȻ㣬Ҽǵ࣬˲˯Ҳ˯𣿡
Ҷҽ̯̯֣Ҳаģһһġ
һһ¼鷽ʽ͹̣ʱʲôʯͷӣһ㳢һۣҶһط·ǸõͨعԵˣУҽ޲ñʰҶһصÿ仰ȻҲôˡ
ϣҶһ࣬ҲҶһһˣ¿ʼҶҽͻᰴͨҽһݶϳװ࣬ҶһصĹïͺ̩շֵ
ΪҪԵͼ׼λûƵԵͼͶ̬ԵͼʱͼλȻһҪʱ侫е飬ҶҽֽддԵͼλͶλĸ
ĽŲӰ칫ſڽҶһشŵķţҶҽӦòˣ
ȻĻ䣬ʿ̨ϵĵ绰ͼٵ
Ҷҽм֢ˣ


146 
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ҹƴꤺ͵שӴࡱ죬ٵĽŲԶ
Ѳô£
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ѲһѲǰַͷʹ֢״ûӣͻʣӺ󻺽⣬ͬʱʺͺѡ
µĥϣúϵľȻѾγһ׼ЧʵļȷʽƩһӴҽڵһʱ˲飬ʱ׼ȷƵҽͨӶ̶ȵؼʱ˷ѡ
ҶһǰߵĶͷ¶ȺܸߣԳ37ȵ¡
ҶһֵĶƺ̼˻ߣͷʼҡΣͬʱ֫ôƴƺйҶһغͼƴ״ӵơ
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һ꼶ԳĻЩ˼˵˼ҽʲô̼ЩͿ΢һͷʹ󺰴еģǲͿˡ
Ҷһƿ˵ڿ˿İڶѾˮʪͷĺ鼸һͣ
Ŀڲ˵ϣ΢ţ΢ġպա죬ϡܿ˿˿Һµĺۼ
⼸쾭ˮҶҽݱ߿˵Ͼ
ļͬҲû̫ע⣬ֻС⼸ģУѵ˺üΣҸ̽
ȥÿֺףҪӴߵҽԱ⼸λͬһһݣУл߼ϵʽüϵҽԺҶһص
һҽԱԣ鶼ſֻ׵ѾѸٴӿڴóϡ
ҽҽʲô𣿡Ǹ곤ѲЩ͵ʵ
Ҷҽûֱӻش𣬶ǵֱֺӴ漴ʾ⼸Ѳ˺ҽԱס˵֫
ҪƵȥȣеĲ𣿡
Ĳһ1014
У1014ֱƵȥҶһص
úϾȻĴﻹвٴλţҶҽȴҪһո׺ͿֵΪһڰ״ЩʲôϵҲͬʱ
ƴֱ1014䡣
1014κϣκ첻˯κѩ;Ҳţκѩһߴëһֵͷơ
ôˣôô
ӦǼ֢͹˰ɣģϴ̫̫ʱҲмΣͻȻͳ
ǰκѩرԹ䣬ǵ֪κ﷢Ȼģͬġ
Щҽ湻ġи̾˵һ䡣
κתͷרĴëԲ˯˵κѩһۣһ˿ӡ
Ȼһӷĺڸκѩԥһ£̲סë߳ȥ
ڲ1014һȺ״ȫװҶһڵĸ״ѹסŻɫѲĲˡ
ͱ20mgϣ
¶ͬͷײŴһʿ̶ͷµͷԷײӲ
򶨼ŬҪֱͣҵʺϵѪܣ̫ˣ״ס

ȿ첽ǰù򶨼ֱֱϡ
ԼĪʮңСȵȫ󣬼״Ӳ˲ͷϵĺ
ѾһԵõͬ¼״æǰʵҽôˣⲻǷհջ˰ɡ
Ҷһתˣһʵ⼸ûбèҧ
ͬԣ¶㯵ɫè֪û˵
38.6棬ʺͺѣͬʱ練Ӧгײе쳣ٶһǡȮ
ҶһصĻһ˲䰲һڰ״ӵĬһӱѹֶء
ͬǻһǸ΢곤ѲЦſҶһأȮⲡزǲǵϢһĻҪҽæ֪ѲǸ˸ɻضúܡ
ҶҽĿɨŵתͷļλͬµǳȥ˵ɡ
ȣ500ˮ100ڲ˼֮ǰһ˹۲컼кε֪ͨп
õģҶҽ
ʾ漴Լ߳ȥҩ
ǳȥ̸ɡԸȣҶһתͬ˵
ѲѲɵģƽҲҪԹɫܸõȥͻ¼һʱתǿһȺ״Ĭģ⼸λѲ˲õԤС
ǣ绹ǸˣôһӲΣأ
áãҽǳȥ˵
˶ҶһصĴ³˲κѩЩڵתȥװԼֻż·ӣҶһغǼѲĶԻǷǳشĶ
ǻɲǸȾ˿Ȯ˱Ȯҧ󣬻ͨץˡ˽ӴɲȾǱ10쵽2겻ȣȾ˲󣬲˻ᾭ˷ڣȷȡͷʹѡ˻ơⲿĴ̼ʮУڣ겻궯ʡӡײ̱ڡ
Ҷҽû˵ȥ˼ѾǷǳˡ
ͬãȻһ꼶Сģ㶵ؿʵҽԴǲǵƺܾã
Ҷһ³һ΢֯һԣȴˣȮĲǰٷְ١
ҹﾲĵģ´ɱڵשϵԵø̶κѩϵıӲ֪ںʱѾ˵ϣҽԺ׵ĵשϴ˸һӺĲ¡
κѩ米ж׷һܽڲš
ʰٷְ١ҽЦİɣ˵ģǸȮֻǱҧ˻ץһ£ôҪأⲻɡǸ곤ѲǿһЦ˵
״û˻شôһĶԺܼǿﱻ˺üȳŵ漣ȱȽǣҲԺܴ˷硢ȮһСģǲ۲ȥ˿ڣͻҪһ˵
ֻǻڲٴֵĵһжϣȵ˼֮ǻٴѯûбèҧ˵ͬʱ顣
ͬ죬˵
ʱһ󼱴ٵĽŲȳҶҽ˼ˡ


147 
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Ҷһؿŵ嵫ƺڻʿĴ¿߽ް߰ףڽɫ
λûôôλ˹ҶһСֹ
õǻͬҲú
λԳѲԣ̾һںüǰ͹ˣһӺĸ˶һˣŶôˣĸǺТ˳еģĸ϶ҲУһ˸ͥҪȻһѲҲڹôס
˵λѲ۾΢ؿҶһΪ׵һڰ״ӣҽͲ취ǮĻǴһﶼܴգģȾɣȻҾͶȥˡ
жһֱݣûҶһش𻰣ĸĸѾߵ˸ǰ
ߵ̫ԵʣҸĸЩҽҽǺãĸףҶû°ɣɫţԴŰ״ӵҽǣŬһԴֺõЦ
Ҷҽ׷Сˣ׼õĻһʱԿڡ
ĸҽǾþòɽĿͶڳϤˡ
ϣô£զ˵أǲյúͬλԳѲʵ
ԣͣĿ⿴Ҷһء
Ҷҽ̾˿ҽЩ˵尢̣ǺãҶҽ
ҶһصĻһڣҸĸƺҵĹǣæҶҽãҶӣû°ɡ
ɾԱߵĲֻĲȽϸӣмҪȷһ¡
ҶһصĻҸĸǰҽºͳϿҵģǵȻȴûоʧ롣
ҽʡ
Ҷҽͷʵûûбҧ
ҧԸĸȻܾλҽô⣬ڶ԰״ӵľηǻ˼ش⡣
ǼûڱҧôһΣǶǰǰˣֵʱ˵Ǳҧһ£ҿ˿ڣģѪֹסˣӦòɡ
Ҷһڼ¼ĳдһصĺߣλûйھŴʷ˵λļ汲û֢֮ľ񼲲
֢ܰǼ汲ʵˣû˵ë
Ҷһڼ¼ĳкش˸棬ȷҧһųȮ֢޷ͶֵȻԻȷˡ
尢̣ȥ칫˵ɡҶһعϼ¼̧ͷ˵
Ըĸ˵ֽһţҽ˵𣿡
ǡȥ칫˵ɡ
ҽôһְֵҵβ˵ģĳЩʱȴñȰ̵Ľɫ˼þͱʹĿעŵʱ򣬼ʹĴҲ̧ͷȥһ˫ãȻдž۾
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149 
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ҶüĬĬԱŲһЩѾǮˣˣˡ
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ȴӻʿ̨ĳóʮԪֽҺһֽݸҶһأոŮܻܻȥˣһΪŪˣȻ󿴵Сֽ
ҶһؽӹСֽ򿪡
ְ˵ձ˶һ̶ʮֵĻ־仰󻹻һЦ
ҶһҡͷЦʮԪֽ˻лл㣬ȡ
ʼ磬ͷ
ΪֵҹԵʣҶһϵʱ˲٣°һڸļҳ˹ݳ˵㶫
˵Ĺʶ⣬ȷϵ͵ӣ˹Ϸ޵ģһԸûϴ绰ڸһ飬ܺ񻹲һ˳ˮɵ
ҶҽллұԼһĺŸô죬û뵽רųոǿ鱨档
磬ҶһԼﲡ˿鱨棬κĸκѩѾڰ칫ſڵˣҶһذ칫һ߳κѩæ˽
Ҷҽ
ŶκŮʿҶһЩؿŵκѩ
Ǹ˵Ĳ˼̸÷ĸ׶ˡκѩЩн˵
Ҷһϴϴ֣øɾĨɣŶǰ̸ǰɣǱģǼȻǰˣǾ̸һ̸ɣ÷ĸ׽ɡ
ͬʱ칫ϵĵ绰κǰ֪ù
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κѩκĸΡΡ£κѩѡվš
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Ÿ֪Žһݵݸˡ
ǼҪеǰҶгѾͨԵͼȷκŮʿڣҶ
ҶһشӳгһŰֽñ滭˸ͷͼҶλڶϷͷ࣬Ҫг࣬һκŮʿ­ȧǶͻ֮ȧ֮ףؿ״ӲĤ
Ҷһͼһͨ׶Ļκѩ˽һ缴ҪеκĸŶԴϿ׵ĻľκѩɫҲЩ԰
ǰҶгѶȲѣѵǷ̶ܳȱؽҶͼٲ󲢷֢һᾡŬͬʱҲϣǰ󣬼̶ܸȵֺ֧͹ذҶһص
κĸĨͷɫһ˲ĸӣҶһ侲Ŀ⣬ǲص˵ͷκѩκĸһۿȻЩ죬ҶһϴѾܾĺ֪ʲôǰλҶҽһЩ
һϤİװҶһذ칫ϣҶҽֻǲҶû˼͵ﰲһ㣬𣿡
һģһİװֻװȷʵֻвҶѣҶһӿһۣӳЩϤľľУеĸɫһ
κѩȷʵǰõ̲ùˣŲ֪ľҶרõģÿ԰õĲҶ۵ǼƬѼ־µľװţ͵ҶйϵĺǸȨļУľÿһһΪңǹֵһ˵ңÿõȻõһ
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ҶһصֱʹκѩڨڨģҶҽôһУҲ̬ȣʹκѩκĸ˶˲١
߳Ҷһذ칫ңصκĲκڴǰؿױԼǰ굶Լͷȥ
κѩҶһذ칫ҾѾ˵۾˲ӿˣǰùκ굶ɣޣҲǰͷڰʹˣĸ㡣
κѩ΢΢ţһ굶κͷϡ
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ںڵͷһһκѩκĸ涼ɺۣͣȻرͣκزҪΡ
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κץκѩ̧֣ͷһɫκѩȻЩ֣صؿڵҳҳңҾ͸㡣
κѩɻؿԼá
κȴǲ˵ˣױİԼ͸εġ
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С㣬˵ҽԺϣֻԤԼĲ˵ĳܿȥ
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κƴκѩ桢κĸԼʿҶȥҶһػڻʿ̨˵飬ʱ˲ʾïߡ
ʿѾκƽңκѩ˱ſڣЩ״ӹæվ
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κѩҲǷң裬Һͺ涼һȦˣϺλҶҽ̨֮ǰҲ̽Ҷҽ֪ǸҶҵĹϵû뵽
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궴ȼ״һۣѸٽںĳݸҶһأԷҽ飬ָܵ߾ִܲС
ҶһشԼ֪еɻ󣬽ӹߵͬʱĽ͵ᱡλⲻù̶ǿ԰пܱߵͷƤϣֹнƶȾҰ
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ŶŶŶСҽżæŵҪȥֽʣڼ˻ײһ£ÿҽµһ죬Ȼѧ͵͵ҶһһۣôҽĲôء
κ̨һҪף­͹໥棬ïҶһشһ׵ļϲŸҿѪˮҰ
׹ǣսȶеͷƤ飬οСܸоҶҽĲκͷǵġ
ǣһ㣬߾⵼
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СҽʲôֽϼǵģҶһ̲סڵ­˳֮ʵѣ񿪸ң˭ῪôƯ̶ȵرǺʵȲѵ㣬صǡ
Сҽ¶ı飬Ƕһѧ߷ֱЩص㣬Ҳ̫ΪˣСһｻһ񣬻ȫɡȥص㡣
Ҷҽ״εҡҡͷйЩ˳е࿴ĲЩ˳̿ﶼС
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156 
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157 
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˵ͷʱ򣬾ͻ󳹴һа޳ճţκ⻹ûͷأԺǸٹӰĺⶼƺˣԴǰδеɡ
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κŮʿҪйȻշ飬̴ųӣڼҪ㲻һӽ20-25Σġ
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163 
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ҶһصͷҲûж룬Ҷҽҽѧ֪ʶ֪ģΪûпصԵʣðʱɲСûһҽġ
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Ҷһؼüͷǽţ΢΢һСĵġ
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ԵĻӵأ
Ҷһأ
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˵ĶʲôƨҶһأҲ׼Ҳ׼ȥУǰɣҲȥڼ侲ÿҶһص飬侲
ΪҽԱǶ˺Ͳ˼زȥˣҽԺʱֻʣҶһغˣǼˣ˵ִ˸Сʿǵע⡣
ҶҽǸ׵ľ¾ָ߲㣬ǺڳܣСʿǾְغͲĲ˵껰̽ͷ
ҶһؿŻըëһ̾˿ѡã棬Ҫİæ
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֪ˣ͹ȥҶһӦһ
˵Ŀһν㣬Ҷҽ˵һˡͷҲصȥ
ǰŻϣŲҶһصӰʧһԼϵǹף漴ת첽ŵ绰Ļʿ̨
Ҷһ߽ܻʿӭҽڵĸƲˣЩ£ȶǸ˻ˮעάˮ͵ƽ⣬14ŴˣŶǳΪ1Ųˣ1Ų˵Щã֧źǸһֱˣôȥ³Ųˡ
Ҷҽ࣬ñҲҪȥ绰
ܻʿͷ첽뿪ȥñ顣
Ҷһߵʿ̨ͨ˼úϵĵ绰


168 
ŶװĿɪգ֪᲻ң࣬㻹Ϣɡ
绰һҶһػûнž˵һѣҶһؾ֪Լǡ˼С̸ˡ
ң顣
绰Ǳ߿һ£ڨڨЦҶ㰡㣿Ҵ绰㻹û𣿲˼һΪǿɪգǸոڴ绰
顣Ҷһһ㶣漴绰ͷҲҶҽһʲôص£Ҷһ˵
飬ںʮֻҽԺ﷢˴Ⱦҷд̨ұߵĵһһӣҩ͵ʮֻҽԺ͵ſھУýҶһּ˾䡣
ŶáӦ漴һ߻·һʵȾʲôȾ𣿡
绰ͷҶһسĬ˼룬ûг̫أ׿ڡ
Ȼʱʿ̨ԶĸſڣԺųصĲ߽һŰֽŲҶһؿдŴ֡ȷˣߡ
Ҷһر˱ۣ׼ʵ
˵׼ҶһػصһͬʱԵ绰ͷߡ
漴ܵ绰ͷƹƹҺƵ˵⼸ǻزȥˣҸ޲٣ԵĻúûжĿֺףƷǽ裬жҪ١
黹ڡߡֵУþûлػֱҶһؼµ绰ǿ̣Ӣһ䡰
Ҷһڹ˲ϱߡͷ飬Ϊ1Ų˵Ĳ鷢չѸ٣Ѿݿ˵֢״
ȾߵĲ˶ǹ뿪Ϻģûκݺѣһ·໥ŹģһȾߣ֢״أͬڵģбʹͬʱҲֳһ˿ɫ
ͬȾߣѵĽǵ찡
Ѧ˵ǲǾˣ1Ų˼ٵشɫ԰ף촽΢΢礣˫ĿؿŲɫ컨塣
ѦҲԱ߲ϵ2ŲԣǿһЦݰοôᣬǶҩ𣿡ֱ쬵ҩҺ˳ǵѪܣҩҺĵעٶԿ죬ʹ˵ֱ۴΢΢ʹУ
ȻʱȴǰδеظмһݲʵʹУǸоԼûбȫ
ſڴŲ1Ų˵Ķ䶯˶ͷ͵ת۾һգգض⡣
ű򿪣ȫװҽԱſ߽һ˻һ̡
ǸҽԱ̷ڴλĵϣӦõб飬ȿһӴϷһӰ
120Ѫѹ50/87ϸ١
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һڣ1ŲҲ˾˾ǲǰǲʻҽ죬ΪεԵʣ˵ô㣬ط
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鰴壬ʿҲἸСʱһΡ
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ӻǰﵽǰҩڼ뾭μӹᴿһʱɵģϴᴿǰҩ⣬ҶһҲ˼ѰһǰǴʱǰôδ˷дͨ
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Ҷһزû֪ҽѧڿͶ壬һҽѧע⵽ǰأ⼸һһټҽѧͶɲĵд仰е£ҩƷģٴݣԱݣҪǳϸѼһҪϵͳ֤ݡ
Ҷһ⼸¸ûʱ£˵ȫԵҽѧڿ˵ѧӵµ90Ҳⲻˣο1933꣬ҲΪʲôԵͼüİ˿ӭҽԭ
Ͷ壬ҽĹܱͬЩ۾ͷϵԱһֺ͹ͰĸӵһߵĿܡ
лǰÿ֧ҲǾ֧ҩõƷȻڴҩ
ҩĻ˶ãر1Ųˣڵ״̬ҪסȾ¾͵Ҫ֧һܺãǰùأûùô֢ҸҲ
ո1Ųٿ۾Ҷһ΢΢ȡᰡ
Ҷһ˼һһ绰ú϶ը˹
µ绰ãһһЩǳᣬҶһص绰ָһԴ̨ҵԿף漴źֱҶһ˵Ǹҳҩ
ҵҩ첽ߵһ¥Ҫŵʱԥһ£Ź˸䵽һ¥ʿ̨ǰͨ޲صĵ绰


169 
޲Ǳĵ绰Ӳ˯дѵģ޲Ȼֵҹ࣬ΪȻĵһҲҪʱ̴ģֻԴҶһؼȻԺƺÿпˡ
տʼʱ޲ػǺܸ˵ģϾÿα˴˯гѵζܡ
˵úԤԼƣסԺ˵Ƶʮϸ񣬲ҽԺɹѾսĲøɣʱûнϸҽּƶȣһ˭Ĳ˭ÿôҹӵ绰
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Ӹտʼĸ˷ܶһʱʧ䣬һոݵˣʧȥְλϵȨЩУ޲ڱĵ绰Ѻ󣬾Ȼû̫Щϲ
˵ҶҽҲܵģⲻջҪ
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ǽˣûнҴʲô绰ϵ˯̫𣿡ûеõԤеĴ𰸣޲ʧͬʱͱЩá
Цһ޲ΣոҽӵҶĵ绰˵ҽԺ£һҪ˵һʮֻҽԺߴȾˣѾԺˣҶǡҪһʱļ٣зƷ˵ǽ裬ϣܸһ֧֡
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ͷĵ绰£ѡҪҶȥҩĻʻµ绰תͷɫ԰׵Сʿ˵޲ε˾˵ȥҶҽҩˣܿͳѾõķƷֽʼ´Ҫݵġ
˵꣬ɿ˿Լϵҩ¶;ɫҶһظҩʱã޲ش绰ﲻɲһ˿ʣôϾʱ̣ҶΪʲôҪҩȥ
ҩѵߣ
ͷһðͱøɸɾôܣߵҩǱ˵Щ֪ڿˣǸҽѧ̿鶼̸İ棬¼ȥ
ҩþϸ޲װţ沢ûҩͳɷ֮ԥƬ̣Ǵ˿ܷⲣޣû˵ҡҡͷӺϣҶ˵Ҫ͹ȥͺˣô
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Ҷһȥһҽҽ˵״̬˿Լ⣬ûԵ֢״
˵̬ƺ˼ĸҽŰ⣬Ҷһؿ۽ǵһĨ죬ŻҽԼĲ⡣
Ҷҽ˵һ˸ҩܻʿҶһ
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ҽԱȫʵҵװϺʵ͹ģͷţֻ¶ֻ۾ǴҶһص￴˿º͵Ц⡣
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Ҷҽʲôҩܻʿڸո˵˸Ҷһҩ˲²⣬ܻʿҽѧԺģСʱϻʿһѧģٴḻڹҽѧķչרҵѧϵһͱȽϱˡ
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ܻʿһ£ҩ
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ҽǴӼﱻлģӺͶҲΪ͸ȾнӴҪڼҲȥʮ죬ӻãӿҪѧġҪҽҡͷЦⶼʲôʱˣѧء
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ҽڰ֣𾡰Լ֪ߣǻܿǵɡ
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ҽͷʾͬ۾ʱҩϿȥȻǷǳҪһνܿȾߵҩ
Ҷҽڵ̫Ѩǽˣһûͨҩʵ飬ûʽ֤ҩô˵˺ͬͬҩ
Ҷҽ֯һԣڵһҩҸûǰᴿģһ¹˵ڵ¹һȾϹ˾һΪ˶Ϣɫ֤ڶԿȾҩüֵҩüֵѾͨʵ鱻֤Ч
ϵĻǰǰ˶ϢжȾõһ֣ǰҶһͣһ£仰˵ҩﻹûκικȨŵϿɣֻҸܹ֤ҩüֵ
ҽҽԲҩȻûù˼˵ҩõĻҽѧ÷ڰ


170 
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ҽ˵ԼµĸܣͺһǳϲǰˣΪǳˣ˷ܣʵϣȴһƮģеĲʵС
һµģδģܹȾҩھǰһ׵ĵط־ܹõ
ҽҶһصģһʱҪҽǽԼıְͲ˵üصġ
ãȻãߣǿ˭ӲܰùȥҩȻˡҽֻҪкʲôʲô
˵ҽͬҩһ棬Ҷһеˡϰ˼άҶһؾûͨҩʵ飬û֤ǰȫȷʵЧҩҽǾԲͬõȥġʵϣʱûг̨ҩﰲȫڵҽҲûǰ㣬ҩﰲȫĸֿ衣
ֱ1937꣬һѧҽǰҩܽڶʴУȾϺϣŪһǰҩûκΰȫԲԾгһٶŴʹ1938ҩﰲȫĵҲɴˣҩ淶
ҽ˷ܵڰ칫ȥҩܶߣô׳٣ҶһأȥҶһصļ򣬵ʶʱڣְԼ˻ȥ
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ҽ˵ţԼһͬʱϵ˷֮ɫŨˣôҽٵҪ˻ܲ׳٣ʹΪ߶˿˲ɡ
ҽ˵öԣҩ粻˳٣ȻҩǾãոתƵʱҿǸ1Ų˵ѾܲˣѾݿ˵ļ󣬽¶ٽ˥ǳ£˵䲻ģҽɣһϣܷܲ
ҽ۾һҲϵҩĵ׾ͺһ㣬ڴʱҲ÷벡ʹĲ˲ܣִ̽ҩ
Ҷһһͬʱ¶һ˿ЦɫҽҽķӦúãٲûȥ˵ǸҩλƺҩܶߵϲУû˼
ҽҽҩǿ϶ҪõģڸǲҪҪãǸ˭áܺ׵ظ߸λҩֻǰУҶʱڲܻµҩҶһͣһ£üɬ1ŲڵҪ֧ǰҲû㹻գ֧ǰȫλ
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һǰһߵЧȽϺãѾչߵģЧԱȽˡ
ҶһصĻһˮ˰칫Ｘλ״Ӵʱļ˷ܡ
֧ҽĿڲԶҩϣҲ˵1ŲõĻʣµˣֻʣ֧ˡ֢ԼȥĻǵнԴϲĽ֡૵
˵ҽԼҡͷЦˣҲó
Ҷһ̾˿ʵѾǳȷذѡֻǳڸ˸Ժͬ˵Ļƺԥ;ʱųĬĳҽҽڵҵ˼ȸ֢ҩסǵĲ鲻طչλʲôҲᡣ
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ҽҽԣȻͬʱҲʶһͬ⡣
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ѧСڻðűȾķգŬ˵ʲôأһѡ⡭
״5gע䣬4Сʱ2gԺÿСʱ1gպͣãòⳣܷþУȥҩɡҶһؽлǰݸܻʿ
ܻʿһͷõģҶҽ
ӹҶһĻǰ뿪
ҶһϵĻǰһ֧10gҪעȡãܻʿҩ߳칫Һ󣬱첽ʿ̨ȡ֧СؽʣµķУעҩƿȡ5gδһƿԼڴУ߬һƿ߲˵ĸ벡ȥ
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СҶһصСãŷ˵ҲӰҶһصĲʺƨ
һǺѽ۾ϲõĹ⣬ҽԽϣԽȻǸ˵ġ
Сͷ˽ëһ棬ȻǿǰѶϵӲϣϸõļҽԺϺҶҽѧ˹أ˵ҽԺҲ֪ͳӢ˲ȥҽԺ
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﷢һЦΪЦ̫һҵĿԣܻʿʱӲſ߽ġ
ʿûСʱأʮӡСܻʿ߽˿Լϵıڵ
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СŶӦһ
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ܻʿŵĽŲһ£תͷ鷢չһҩȻһô죬㻹ҩˣ
Сʼ磬¶һεı顣
˵˼״ЦԵøг
ܻʿӣ첽߳Ҫҽȥҩ


171 
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ܻʿִӹóһС̺Ӹϣú˯һ¶Ƚȥ˾ˡּһ䡣
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ҶҽȥϢǵ״̬ӦòµģȥϢɣ컹һء
Ҷһ˵ͷŲûж1Ųô
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ͷ繤ֵͬĻѲĻƷǣڶָѸٽʮֻԺһŰΧ
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źƳһضԼ´ɱˮ̧ͷȥ漴һɫԽԽڣǰ˭
񣬡棬֣ᴦҽԺأ
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ͷüͷ壬ϵ𣿡
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172 
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ʿɿ췭ż¼14գѹ64Hgȥ˵տյûʲôҺ档
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173 
ٯ工ЩƤƤƵģ·϶ˡκѩ߽±˵Ҹոսͣһӣһذᶫ
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174 
ҶһźĶһ٣ͷ˵۾֧֣Σա
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ҧҶһصϴ͵͵Цһֻġǰ˵üۣеҶһصĿС
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Ҷҽ˴ӽŵһֱ쵽ͷܽӴһʵ豸Ϊͣ磬ӶһƬԺڰδ֪Ŀ־ѹ⣬ڴ죬ʵ·ߵĳǱߺͳĳûϡ
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ǡҶҽһۣ³ȥ
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ҶҽҶһ߽úҽԺ¥ĵһʱ䣬ۼⷢ
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һ߿ټҩһ̧ͷȵؿҶһأҶҽȻȥϢɣˡ
ᣬֻʣҲûϰ࣬ҪǺúûȥ˯һֻûرģ
ر޲ζԴˣ⼸Ʋ˶޲ڿϴԤԼȥﲡЩ˹޺СɯѾ˺üΣѷ󷨹ҲԤԼǱʱȡˣѷСܲλκŮʿ˺üˣĸ״ˣһֻø˵ںʮֻҽԺ
Ҷһصͷ壬ϵһ£ûȡԤԼĲϹɡ
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ҶҽԺȥ칫ҡȹµ绰Ҷһ˵
ҶһصͷԤϵˣ繤ֶߵӳ̶ȲϺ֮£ϢһԺ϶˽
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ȵȡͻȻڡ
Ҷһزػͷ
һĿ⿴Ц߽ҶһصĶҶҲ㣬մӸ͸СҰèܣȻ⣬ЩѹܴɣʵķҲǱҪġ˵ţҶһһڡ
ҹĿ࿴һΪָʦһһ֡ɮԣǿɮģû뵽֪֪治֪ģȻһŵÿ
˵⣬ְѹЩԺҲϹŶ㲱СҰèµĺۼɲλε¶
ҶҽĻһһ죬˵ллҲ˲Ͼ߰÷첽¥ȥ߻ӣŬһסϵĺۼ
ֱߵԺ칫ſڵʱϵĺɫŻˡ
ٴ·Ŧۿ۵һţҶҽݣǰš

ҶһŽȥԺ˿Ժ޲ҽ͸ҽҽߺ˾ͳ˼úϵľš
Ժҽ޲ҽҶһһһʺá
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ںʮֻҽԺֵߣߵĴٶȱȷһ㣬ȾҲǲģϺΪ޵һУÿȫص޴һһط߱Ϻ׵塣
ҶһصĻ÷ڵ˵鶼
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κѩ󻹸һӶˣ˿ĺŵ40ţҪˣ°ҪʹɩŶȥߣŶӾС
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κѩ߽ңѷ󷨹ڸ顣
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179 
ѷǸѪѹλȺʱͱһ˿죬صӻڵȵصֿûͬȵѾƲ𣿡
ҽϲľֲҽĲˣҽǰӦúúõģص͸ø˿ҽϡ
Ҷһطеıʣº͵¶Բ飬Ѫѹ򲡶ԲǲҩΣֻܿơΪҽΪĽŬΪߣ˿ûпŬ϶̸ϡѷȷʵϵĻҽҽҵޣµĽ
ҶһصĻѷҽĻ˵ˡ
ѷѷСɫ䣬رѷС㣬ݺŤһ׵ķ⣬.ѷ¸ʮԺ󶼱ˣУ쿪ʼһĸÿȥԺල˶ʮ죬ÿ0.3ûɾûзԣ
ѷԣȥŬʰ󷨹ٵ.ѷĸףһǵһͥĴ󷨹٣ұ뱣ϣĸÿල˶ôҵ
ȥĹƨ󷨹٣ٴˣҺƯİĹȣΪʬģ⣬һҽҸҲҶҽָѶȵҶҽҲˣΪ´λôǫܴ̃ϼҺֻһԸڽһػؼңСԸ㶼𣿡˵˲
ǿƣżʾԵøˣѷָжؿŮֱӶ䷢Լһʡ
Ҷҽ￴Ҷһء
Ҷһϵıʣ¶εЦݣȻѷԸϣһǷǳΪиˡλС㲻ǹŵ£һߣȴжм䲻ҶһصƳ磬Ҷһػô˵
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֣صı֤Ҷһص̬ҲٴαºһڲϷɿдºÿĻһߵѷС˵öԣֲظѪѹ򲡣ӴѶȣͺñȫĲܣƽ˼ûΣյ˵ȴҲһѹأҩ棬Ͳܺ͸ѪѹҩͿ򲡵ҩͻһ̶ϾͽƵЧʣѾĵˣҪغӻŮ꣬ʮֱҪġ
ѷͷͷϲðϸһע⣬һʡô󷨹԰״Ҳ¶
ҶһؽдõĲҩݸͬʱҼӴ˽ѹҩȵصѷַ֣ļԿѪѹѪǣǳѹҩȵͬɸֻ˰µѷܰʱжһʵҩ
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һ˵һ߹۲ҶһصķӦҶһɫӦһոѷ˵ĻȻĳɷڣȷʵʵ
ǰʱ򣬾ҽΪѷķûаҽԺģúϺõҽԺҽߺλҶҽõҽˣܾΪƣһ˵ʧ
ŰѷߣͬʱҶһصĿκѩһϡ
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һڱӶ͵͵ﵽǰȥСܶôãǰԺãͱǰԺӶ˷ˣӶҪ׽ȥʶҶ̫̫ܣȴûǰԺλǸڼֱˤ˿ӡ
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ȻǰԺ˶ԭСүһοǸĸ׺˵ȥһοԼܻ˰Լ
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Ҷһ̾һֻҪǿ­Ǵ԰гҪ֢­ԳѪԻˮرԻˮصĻΣҲýÿ˶ǵĸ壬˵ʵĻ10ֻ˵һᾡ
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180 
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ʱúϵҽԱƴҲ˴¥ſڣǳãŵƴĻﻹһЩ죬ôͳһĻ˳ҽԺſڣüͷ΢塣
ϺĳдˣҲһױ˵ı£Щֱ·óһÿһһĴСһ㶼Ǿӳġ
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ͷޱϳһЦãС㡣
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ҪȥҶҽ𣿡һ߿һ̧ͷ
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Ҷһǰһ˵Ļһ߽ͷƴϵ˲Ǳˣǰºľ˹
77иѪѹʷøѪѹҩСʱǰȻѪѹ߻赹ҿԣҽԺˡ۾ǰҶһؽ
һ߽͵Ҿ˹˽ҽҽ
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202/124130
ѹ130ˣ100mgƼ5%עҺ500mlܹעעҺٶȣտʼʱҪ25ug/min
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˷õĸѪѹҩ𣿡
ˡҽæͬʱӿڴóһɫСƿݸҶһء
Ҷһؿ˿ҩƿҩʣ룬˽ǳҩˣ˵һûӦòôصĺ
ҽЦҡͷһͺҹȥҩ˼ҷµģǽ˼ڷзĲʱҲڳ
ҶһǰүӵƤ۵ûгѪ󣬾΢ţأ⿪үӵ˫Ҳû
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ȻԼĵҩбõĽҩƷʱѾעҺùҩƿڴͷĹҩ漴үӵֱģͷٲ룬Ҷһע⵽ͷһɲǣүƤµƺһ¡
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ҶҽԼڴûֱӻش⣬Ƿʵ˼ͻȻѪѹߣǲΪǵ£
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ҲˣҶһ̾˿ģ˵ˡ
Ļ㼰ʱӻ鿴ӦֻǵĸѪѹʣûз𺦣ǾҪXƬѾȷ
һԥһᣬڵû뵽˹ķӦô󡣡
ҶһصĽëһ£Ц뾭ѵ¡
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ʵڿ̫˵ǵһҽһǲ˼˲˵ĲĿرǱ
ҽһʼ;˵ݲ򵥣Щ͹ֶһʣһҽɶǶǹĴ棬ɲǼúϵıӦġ
ߵҶһߣҽԺעⳡϣȻҽбˡ
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Ҷҽͷȥæɣġ
ͷһͷ뿪
ͬµĹϵáɫ࣬ζβס
Ҷһض˸ۣȥҰ칫̸ɡ
ԵͷҶһ߽칫ҡ
߽칫ңţظһղŵĻ㲻׼
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СΪ¾һƴϸڴ⣬δȷϵָӵӣԵЩ̫⣬ʱ󴦳ͦӢģرΣеʱ۲ȸ߱Ҫǿ֡
ҿó
Ҷһأ
ȷʵһ˲䣬Ժȷʵôһ˿뷨Ϊжܵ˺رǿһʮΪǵµǰλãֻǼ򵥵ĸѪѹǸѪѹ֢أ­ڳѪѪѹԲԹأ
ҶһسĬΣڵãУǻ˼ҽ֮ǰҪ˵ĸҪ˺˵ĻϣҾҸ𡣡
칫һ˲ĳĬãڵ˼ҵҶ֪ǿ²δ𣬼ҹԶǿţжѰƣԼϦ̸ȫͥȻûȫֺαغ˺û㣬ҴһӶгɼҵ뷨
߽ҶһüǶȿ˾ͺڽǡ
㲻Ҫκθʹû㣬Ҳﲻɾ˹˼ҵģҾһҵ㣬ܲһ˹µѵĵ·ϣ϶İºսѡԣҶҽսѿ㣬Ҫòá


181 
ҶҽѪѹ180/112ȻеߣԽˣҪҪȥX⡭
ȵȻֹԼԴԲǼ˵꣬顱һֱӹš
ڵ˻ſڵƺںͱ˵ޣҽҶҽ£Ŷˣ´ǵš
ŶŶáſڵıһ±ƵӦţҾһ£ÿδ׵ʱÿζƢ˺ϣһҶҽ
ԷʱߣԷʱʡСһ˿ȥ
Ҷһأ
Ҷһü̧ͷȵķӦôôȻý˵㣬ûʲô쳣ľٶ
һ¶޹ı顣
Ҷһظɿһȥ
ãһȥոյ⣬Ļشء۾һգգضҶһء
ҶҽƵֱۣ֪ˡ
ţ
˵áҶһ̧ͷֻǣǾϻǻҪҲġ
ʱӲãġ
߳ȥڻʿ̨׼һʱҶһغ¶һȵı飬ô죿
̫ѨܾλС㻰л
Ҷҽ¶ɻı飬ܿ˵仰Ҳò˶ðɡ
ȿҶһٿʼ磬˵ðɣˣҶҽ˵ѪѹˣҸոȥ˵עٶȣҲˣǲ֪Ϊʲôûѡ
ȥ
Ҷһ߽ŵʱ־ƺոֱҶһɿһʦĶͷ¶ȡ
˻ûһ㷴ӦûУҶһؿһҲ¶ɻɫո뿪ǰѾӦˣΪӦûܿŶࡣ
ûС־ش÷ɿ졣
Ҷһǰ˿ѾСעҺӿڴóֵƣǰȥүӵƤ
ĶүӵƤƺ鶯һ£һ־Ķ
ʱſ𼱴ٵҶһصĶһ٣ķȥ
˵
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ܴͷͷȳȥ
ǡӦǣҶһʾ󣬿첽뿪
߽˹֣оĴĴУԷЩүӵַŽͬʱʵҶҽҾ˹ǲѾΣˣ
ģѪѹˣҵľ飬Ӧû˺Ӧúܿͻѡ
ɫɿЩ̧ͷ־־磬˹鷳㿴һᣬһһ˾Ͼͻ
־ɿͷΪأȥɣʦҿš
ֿҶһһۣҶҽ˵˾䡰ġתӲ뿪
ܴͷĽŲԶȥҶһؼϵĶ־ҪӴүӵƤһɲǣһ˫۾˿
ӣˡүӳ³һֵƵҽ¶һֲ˼ЦҶҽ˼ͼֱŤЦˡ
Ҷһ¶һ˿ӵͷڲд䣬ýƭˣĵģҲҽжϵġ
ʦҲãոҶ˼۾־Ҳɸſڵ
үӱһ˵űӸǵͷϣ׼ң׼˰ҪǸҸҴһϱҾһأ
ϱ
־һһף첻֪˵ʲôүӿϱĵ˱ԼĿˮǺҵؿ
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ֱַǼ
Ҷһؽոµһҳټ¼ݣƽɺվѪѹֱ150/108144/100ԸѪѹϵͳXƬ1ӣʱлʿѺȥС
Ҷһؼ¼꣬ϱʸǣҪ뿪Ȼʱһһװ˳ڲſڣɫȴƺֲҽţүӿſڵˣתͷ־ģȥɣҪ
־ԥؿүһۣүٴʾȥŵ˵ͷ
ߵһ룬Щ˼ؿҶһأҶҽܲ鷳΢տһүӡ
Ҷһص˵㣬ģ˵Ĳȶûһῴŵġ
ллˡ־æлͬʱүӾ˾Ϲſſڵˡ
˵仰־ɫúڳԸ䣬ͬʱ첽߻үߣԥƬ̻ǵ㱨˼䡣
үӵҲһûأ͸צˣ־ȥţ˭צӣͰ˭צӸˡ
ǡ
ûʲôǵģҺأⲻǻҽţʲôԥģӺɷ򣬲Ҫġ
ǣ־ӦǣҶһٴΰһŴæ뿪
үҲ־ҲԶˣԼĬĬһƣҶһؾֱ˸Աˣ˼ҵϲ¶һ˿ЦҶҽ¾ȥæɣڳ˻еͷؽĸо̹ˣӦúܿܺõġ
֮֮£ȷʵûڰ칫ºһġ
үһĿ⿴ǰ״ӣѹǸ۸ڶСҲܺ㽻ѣ֮֮£˵úá
ҶһЦЦ
û£
û£µĻʿҵġ
ǳɣྰɣҲ֪ʲô˽үӱͷ̾һǶæ
ҶһϵĲ̬
Ҷҽһʲô̸һһӵ֡үתͷҶһء
Ҷҽϵһ˲ĽӲԼʺϺǰλ⣬ϾǼµĵ֮һ
ҶһسĬƬ̣ү˵˵ʱҶҽˣҾҵĹ۵ĻܻЩ͹ۣҵĶҲһλԡ


182 
ȵؿҶһأҺܾȣҶҽſᡭ
ҶһЦЦѡѣҸؽҪһ߹·Ǹ˱
үԣĬ˰ΣҶһصشֿ̫ү׼һӵĻһʱ˵ڣ̾˿
һͷӶҪˣʵҲܲôࡣôУ˵ɽӲɼҵĿԣҪѧҲû˵ʲôǽǰҵ֣Ҫ㿪ƽϲֵعһ°ɲ˶Խĳŵ߳·
үûãλȨأϴˣк˵ﻰĻᣬ˻ͷͷĻͲزסƵð
лҵѧҶҽʱСǰϺ̲˭֪ллͽһϲһˣһѧһ˶ǲӢŰò׳һ𣬱սʵл棬Ҫȥʿ䣬һ˲еսѣηˣ˫˫սڱ·ϡ
ϺƽлţҪǱһսֲƫһӣֻиġ
Ҷһүӵһˮ
үӽӹ֣ᴵ˴һڣ漴Ȼ̧ͷ˵ǲ̫ˣһҵĲǳƾеģǸСһ˸Ϸӻô죿
뵽үӸոǹӱ֮ɢһɶԼؿڣϣвˣһ뵽ܣѪѹָˡ
ҶһεҡͷүӣúϢɣ۹Ӧûԡ
үӵһƿעҺѾףҶһذ˵ڶƿʱҲڶѪѹ
147/92ȱ׼ֵԸߣѾˣƿˮӦòˡȷɿ콫Ѫѹݼ¼ŶˣҶҽǸҪ԰гСոհסԺʲôʱлѵǶǺϤǲҪԴһ¡бҽʲôҪոλڰ칫̸ʱҪסˡ
˵̸ֵʱԼҶһشգգۡ
ү̵ҶҽȥæɣſһС
Ҷһؿ˿үӵĻͷʱҡ
СүӺػӻ֣ϲˣСҵľͺˡүֹ
Ҷһ߳ţſڽһվڵľȥ㻤
Ҷһغ;Ա˵ʱºҲվκĲſ˵ԺĲڶ¥Ʋκסһ¥ȻĵĶԺ󿴹κѩ¾ʹһκ
Ա߲סʲôˣô棬ſڻվڵģĿɨԶҶһأ鲻Щӡ
ȥκѩ´һܣκѩݱҶһصıֽ˦¸ǰظ˼Ҷҽмݡ
¿˱һʱԣǡҶһصڡҶϷ£Ϊκѩ绰򺼳ǼλҽҶһغֶ£һڡҶϷ⼸רҶ׷״˵绰ＤźзͷκѩܲܰǣߺҶһʶһµġ
κѩЩ绰ʱ¶һԣ⼸λҽںǶǼģ¼ǶҪͿģǾȻҶһôƳ磬һ׮׮һ²òҶСС;ȻվһԺƽƽĸ߶ȣںطλҶҽӰ»ҪһǵĹֳҪһ
Ա߿һۣᴦһҸոտǸ
ᴦ
ԣλ
ܳƵᴦĳģɶƺϵĴҽԺˣҪȥݷһµġµ
ԣ˵ͷһɣᴦȥˣλҶҽᴦĹϵĺܺðָ˵˾䡣
ԣĿⲻٴҶһصķȥȻΣ˵ĿȻöˡ
Ҷһضµͷ漴ֺ;ºķ
ºһ㶣漴̵
Ҷҽ
Ҷҽ
Ҷһصͷ½̬ȸе⡣
λκŮʿڲǰɣ
Ŷԡ
ҶһضЦЦ漴ƹ߽
¶һ̧ۣȸϡ
κѾ²ˣ켫µںϷԴӷִκͲٹԶһСһûͦá
κĸκѩĳҲϲá
ҶһؽκѩκĸվҶһشкκĸõƻݸҶһأҶҽԡ
Ҷһذڰ֣κ̫̫ˣҹʱ䲻㡣
˵ߵκߣ˿ĵڣڻָòҲѾˣ⼸ûʲôɣ
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ǲܣ˰ﲻæֻܿԼŹȥĿɨſκ͵͵ͷ㻹ᣬҩϺ󻹿Ҫӡ
Ҷһ⻰һƺһ˲̣桢ԼκϵЦݶʧˡ
ҶһغƸûвֳյı仯ԹԼȷʵŴǴ󲿷ŴǲԺӰģֻҪҩϳףӰҪӡ
ҶһصĻκŮ˴ԭأκﺢӵ¶ȸ˵ҶҽǰйӣһҲ
ģǲ˵κҵŮ˾ǻӰ캢С֣
չٻĺӳ󣬺ǵķԷѾˣб˸˵κҵŮֻĺӣһȥѵЩ˵ˡ
ﲻ˵ԼĵѵûлûеĻκѩͲ°˽Ӵһֻ۱һֻۣκҲͲþƾԼ϶Ǿĺӵġ
ҶһؾȵؿκԭκҲĺӣйҶһü
Ӧ⣬ȷʵãרҵĽǶ˵κŮʿĳ̶ȣŴӦòڵӰĳ̶ȡ
ãκſκѩ
κѩ۾ҲʼỨڴתֻ
ûκҵŮʹһӣΪ
λκŮʿǵǸϵŴɣǿɴƣǵĸԸϵҲүүĸϵ̵ŴٿͬŴģǸ׵ֵܽõĺӼӦòᶼɡ
ȻҲųأҪˣ飬ٶҽĻвҪҪ
ŶһӦøǼ˵ɣڼҪлѣҲаѺӽѣԷӦҪԵϣȻ­һǾˣҴǰģ⣬ϤǵҽԱģ˳лѣҲȫʽУǿҪûǳнܼʱԸһЩ
Ҷһصһһϣκһ֣κĸеίҲѹֲס裬ûֻöѣֻöѡ
κѩҲӿǿžҶһصĻҲί±ίҪ
ҲиӣһʱͷĬĬ


183 
߳κʱҶһҲип
ʱŮ˼ʹ߹󣬻ȱҽѧʶ˵׽Ūʹ
һ̨԰гҶһߵʿ̨ԣһյעҺƿߵ򿪿ڵ
˵۾ɵϴҲüϸ𣿣
ϴεϡҶѡԺʺг˲ҽԱģְֻһ겻ҲȻУʹһͬ˲۵Ŀ⡣
⻹СͷֵδְҵչϣҶԳΪԲõһʣԺְнۻҽԺԳΪ۵һ
ܵĻǸӣҲҪлѵĲǰҪģΣҪȺͻϤθСҶһص
Դ÷ɿ죬ںʺгϡҶҽԺв˶ĸ̨أΪƣԲǾȻĵĻʿƵĻʿ뵽
Ҫ֪ΪúϵһƣƵʿģܶȶҪһʦΪ϶ûлˡ
õģҶҽһϤθС˾˼Ѫһ㣬޲ͻȥѺõĽ
ҶһصͷһĿ⡣
ÿһ˵ıҶһضǿģϴΪκаȫУɲܶҲ̨ûһлѶڻ˵ѹʱҲǻʱʱĺͬıκרҵҪ
ҶһعĿͬĽĿԵЩƮƮȻҡҡλεؽһעҺĿƿӷŵˮһŭ
򣡡
ԲԲʦæǸ
Ҷһؼ״ҡͷų̀ϵļ¼˷
κ⼸Ѿƽˣ԰ųԺˣ611Ҳ찲ųԺɡ
õģҶҽ
ڼռ겡˵ıҶһڻʿ̨Ҵ߹Ҷһг£ÿζ˺Ѫܱڡ
ԻףϴʱѾСˣǰƢ˺ˣѪûֹסѾֹһˣʲô취ԱѪ𣿡һƵ˵
ҶһΪ鳤һ̶ҲжԱмְָҶҽϱӴܶСҽڽѧ棬Ǻĵõġ
ҶһسƬ̣ӻʿ̨һֽȼһټΧ֯پͳǰ
СʿǷ͵͵ľ̾һԸմӰ칫ïҲ˹Ҷһڽгɿӻʿֽ̨Ҫ¼
г޷֣һ룬гҲѰٵĽټ϶϶ҵöԣѪ٣ٵĻһ㽫ⲿ᳦֣Ƣ͸¡
Ҷһһ˵һñرע˽᳦Ƣ͸Ĳ֣ⲿ֣Եͱ¶ˣԵпõԷ룬Ѫ١ʽг֣Ƣ˺ѵǴʲôʱתٵģ
תβȴҾͻСĵطת
´βȴ󣬰ͷֱžʹѪָѹסͿԿֹѪ
һ㶣Ժ͵һԼԴѽ޷ǳѪ⣬಻࣬ܰѪֹסˡҶҽ̫лˡ
ɣҪһˣгҲһѪһѵ㣬ѪȻԴס
ͷȻҶҽ˵ЩĸֵĻϡҶҽҪ˼
ïԼƶβƵ٣ٿʿ̨Ҷһصż԰Ͻ̿Ļֽţˣ
Ҷһ뿪ֻͬʱֽϡ
ҽọ̈̄㲻ǸҶҽ˵𣿡
Ҷҽģ㲻Լ˱ʼ𣿡
ȷһۣʱ䣬λˮӦÿˣѪѹүӵĲȥ
Ѫѹúܿ죬ƿעҺȥѪѹѾȫָˣȺҶһִ˼ȥ˸XƬXƬʾүӵһûз𺦣Ҷһشһ
ҶһֲָӪҺһжãֻһʱѪѹߣûüԸѪѹҩٹ۲һûͿԳԺˡҶһص
ͿԳԺˣүüͷһ壬ƺЩ̫Ը
ԣӲֻҪʱԽѹҩͲġ
үӸɿȻͷҶҽҾҵͷе㲻Ҫٲ飿
Ҷһأ
Ҷһ˼һ飬ԼĪǲµүӿǲԺװģû֤ݣǺҽѧôﶼ˵ܲе⣬οڣҶһֻɿүٶסһ졣
ǽӽʱģĴæ࣬Ҷһ˹ô
ģѪѹˣָҲ˼˵ͷۣԭʱûҳҶһص
ָʱһͷۣʲôԭ򣬻᲻˵ˣ
Ҷҽε̯̯֣Ҳԭ˸ϱͷˡ
һ漴Ҷһػе˼ϲ¶ЦõԽԽСϱܾء
Ҷҽ̧еĲ¼󴦳°ʹϣԶ㡣

ᴦ㰡ºһͷ߹˵ĽŲɼӿ˼֣¶Ц
û뵽ҽԺˣЦ
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ȴץҶһصֱ۲ɿҶҽڹϺεƳһۣҲŽȥˡ
¼״üͷ΢壬ҶһغĹϵǲ̫˵㡣
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184 
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ҶһضҲˣֻλҶҽÿһ˶ʮºԱԵò۶ѣ˵¸ճУŵˣ֮Ⱥ˵ùȥ
λᴦʲôˣõǹҪʿô괿һ棿±ӪԹɫı±֮һרҵʿ˵Ļ˲룬Ź۲ʱ̣ҲȷΨһȷǣҶλӺλᴦĹϵʵǲһ㡣
Ҷҽģһչ˺ԼģʹˣӣﲻТ˲⣬۾ֻԼ⣬ˡ
Ҷһ֮ǰ̫䣬¶ܿ£үûҶһغĹϵһ룬һľ͹װҪһ
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ҶҽɿһǿסߵЦᴦǹģոҵĵһ仰Ѿ°˶ҪۿΪһŷġ
үӶҶһⷬȻõģӲҲɻЩʲôãﲻ̹Լ֪
˹лͬ⣬Ϊʲô
ȿȡҶһǰ½ǣضҪ˵ڵĻ
ǻѾ˵һ룬ѾˣĻȻүеһ˿񾭣лҪѧл𣿸ˣôһӰ׷ͺڷˣˣڰ׷Ҳֻʣһˣ˵ҲûûͷˣǲҵĻˡ
Ҫ̫ѪѹġҶһؼɫ죬첽ߵߣ˳˼ҵıһˣл˵Ϳԣһû˵Ļ
Ϊ֮һʵҶһشʱĸоҲʮΣȴòװûһԼְ
Һãεʱ
Ҷҽи
ӣҶһв죬ðɣȻ֪ʲôӻʱΣܸмӡ
ͷ˵үӣʱѪѹ߻Ӵ֢ļʣҪԼӹȥͬʱתͷȥҡҡͷ
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λӴģҶҽʶ𣿡ȵһ𱻵һСӲ˲ʪԴ
ָṫݵļͥҽҽҽæſڿСģͶҽԺǽǣǽ˵Ҷҽ
ҽҶһصĿûеȳͺǰȥҽԺɵʾʱЩҽǿĿ⡣
ҶҽСǰԼźЬڲ²ÿĽӡĬĬ˻ȥ
Сɰ˵ƯòַҶһغܿһ϶𣿡
С϶Щ˵̧ͷص˵ͷҡɳƵΪҪԣȲϱͨ졣
ڵȥϴ衣ҶһǰӵϽʪĺӱȣһǰĲˣֽп϶ȥϣûҳϵʽ
̵ͷãȥ죬ӶˣҳöൣİСȵ˿϶һۣʹÿ϶תͷȥ˽ҶһصĻ
˵꣬ٶȻصʿ̨ȥҿ϶ҳϣҶһСһﳯֵҽİ칫ȥˮԸϴ衣
ҽ赶ŪǹľǲһҶһرС뿪ĳпҶҽƺͦϲСģӦǺܰǸԵĶ󣬲Ըôࡣ
Ҷҽȷʵ˲𰡣ҶȫȨҽѧ־֮һȫҽѧ߶ҪҽѧɹͿгɹͶҶҽǵһ鷢µĻˣƽһµʽµҩЧﻼ߿ػ
Ҹոڻʿ̨˵ҶҽһҪһ̨ΪٻĴ԰гһǳѶ漰лѣһ߿­һ߰ѻ߽ѣԻߵķӦôŵ뷨̶ϱԹٺ֢ʹҲҽҲҽ˷ܵ˵
˶ɲؿҽҽṫݵ˽ʮļͥҽˣԣм˵ôĻ
үЦϺôˣ˵Ļһûнһ˵öࡣ
ҽһ죬Щεذڰ֣үӣȡЦˣһʱʧ̬һʱʧ̬ˡ
һԵ־ҽĻüͷ΢壬ظһ߿­һ߰ѻ߽ѣԻ߷ӦûŸԼԱпĸоЩģôǹĻҪЩ
־Ļȴ㹻÷˶úڵ˶ɳĬ˼ӡ
һֵҽ칫ҰС϶ϴ˸ˮ裬ȻϴҶҽüͷ·ʪˣ˵бţǼҳһĺӹҽԺרõıǺܺðɡ
ҶһؽС칫һ϶Լȥ·ֻȥʿ̨Ǹŷˣ֪Ȼû׼ͯģûеĻȥá
϶ͷʾԼԹԴԭء
Ҷһ߳칫ңͬʱ˰칫ҵţֻûз֣תһɲǣһֺСת칫ҵ˽ȥ
ȣϵϿ϶ļҳûп϶ԴĲŷ΢СһġЬ·ʪ͸ˡҶһߵʿ̨ʵ
ʿ̨ڴ绰Ҷһ˸ꡱĶ漴òضԵ绰ͷ˵ǿ϶ļҳ𣿡
ǣŶԲҴˣǸȹµ绰ٴ²ţ߲߱Թϵ۰ܣϵʽд̫ʲˣԼϲǸʲô֣ҺֻһֻҪ09ԸʮξУֱ֣Ӵӻֽȥ´һ淶дּ
˵䣬绰ͨˡ
ιãǼúҽԺǿ϶ļҳ𣿡
ǣңǸǼ¡绰ͷЩ㲡
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Ҷһվڻʿ̨棬绰ͷſľϲ𣿿϶ǣллллϹ
õġ
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Ҷһأ
ǸҪҸθǸСһͲϣ˵Ůһ棿ôСôԸԱӣҿˣҶҽп𣿡
ҶһҡͷȽһСŵסԺһ·ͬʱؿ򣬡ڸʲôһ˼ҺŪô죿ȷ𣿡
ҡȷȥҡͶ״ͬʱ߱Ѿܱ׼Ļ
ֵҽ칫С۵С۵ضš
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185 
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Ҷҽȥˣ
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㶼˵Ҷҽȥˣǲɵ϶ΪԵԭ򣬼ʹ󺰣Ҳ߲ȥöͷðϸܵС顣
㶵ſ϶ĻЩɥصͷԣҶô˵ɵġ
С˵һһֵģã˵䣬϶ͷ˵̵ģһһģƺ˵ѵӡ
϶׶԰ҲǱһΪ˵СЦһ˵ֻбϵ˲ŻᱻЦĻһʮʮ٣׶԰ＸûԸ˵ˣʦҲܱܣҲǵΪʲôװƭĸҲԸȥ׶԰ԭ
϶ԭΪԼѾˣǰСô˵ãȻһ˵ĸоӿͷҪȥοοСӣ϶Ȼƺʲôԡ
ʱһ󼸺Ҫݶļֵҽ칫
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϶İ״ӣֿԼʱģˮͿʼۿдתʱ׼ˡ
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Ȼ䣬ǰˮžžવµ޵øˡ
ܸɵҲѣҶҽôˣ
Ҷһ¶εı飬ҶҽҲ֪ô찡һ㵽ҶһǰĺӣмҳžѾģϴκСĴǼǰţ
ҶҽԼϱӺ庢ӵĳǰͳڴɴС˲ɴôɴʵغС۵ļĦʹС϶̷һƬ졣
ЩؿҶһһۣ뿪ٰο䣬ȴԭڳĺʱѾֹͣ˿ؿҶһأһֲƺͯļᶨ˵ҶҽܰҶԲԣҺòá
С϶Ļ䣬ҶһءȻŬ򶼲̧ͷӣ治һ꺢ӻ˵Ļ
ҶһֻС˵˵СɵԴȻֻҪְҪʱ԰
С϶ԣҡҡͷ۵ӿһӳ죬±ˣǲҪˡҶҽǵģҪ
״Ѿ漰˼ͥˣȻѾǿԲķΧ
ȵҶһ˵Ҹոڵ绰ӵ·򸾺ܽţʲôᡣ
ҶһصͷС϶
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С϶ͷҲĬĬᣬҶһһӵ·ˣͿԹˣѾߵˣһȥϢ
ֻǵҶһĬĬ뿪ѿռطϲеļͥʱС϶ȻѸĸĻܹסҶһص½ǣҶҽҪòá
ѾС϶ڶȷԼҪ̬ˣҶһزɿӵ·򸾣ӵ·ȻҲû뵽ǵĺӻľٶһʱûзӦ
϶֡ǰС϶ӵϱӵ·򸾲ǷϴҶһ˵ģǼ֢չٶǿ㹻Ŀʱ䣬򸾾ѶȺУٳ
ԽںԽأⱾʵǺģС϶Ҳ£ϴε£ӵ·С϶˸׶԰ﻪͯ׶԰ڻͯ׶԰϶ƾƫʮֿɰܵŴ˼鲻ĺѣӵһҶµƺôˡ
ֱ죬϶ְڷ̸ӵ̫̫ˣӵؽ̫̫ڻڿת˸ȦϵۣһǸܵϵ۳谮ĺӡ
ӵпģͣС϶⻰ԭԼĸĸҲΪԼһϵĲĺӣл㱵ػԼң꺢۾һֱ漴ڶӵ·򸾲ע⣬϶˳
ϾҪĺˣʲôҪҲҪ˵һϵĲĺӣҪ϶ȫЩԭ򣬼ʹѾ߾ȫȥˣҲ˵ĳ̶ȡ
ӵ·ɫ䣬ǵģ϶˵ְ谮㣬Զ㣬ʹԺ˵ܵãǶİҲı䡣
϶ִŵקҶһص½ǣ֡
ҶһضСصĿƽ룬֪ʲô𣿡
֪õС϶С˸ͷĶ
Ҷҽ
һһҶһָָС϶ܵλãȻһȥȻ￪һƤƿȻȥǸڵλãXƬѾǶˣҴŻصǶڵ񾭣Ȼ϶Ǻϡö𣿡
϶ʵҡҡͷ
ҪְĻְ϶ǰģ㿴裬ϢЬˡ
϶ĿƳӵ·򸾵ĽţȣӵֱӴЬͳģһӢʿ˵ѾǼʧܵˡ
С϶̬Ҷһضӵ·գգۣ˸мĿ⡣
ǣЦһЦ١϶Ƴӵ̫̫ĶһۣڵܻܵóʱЦ
꺢ӵĻŨŨڳĴȴûһὫ⻰ͨͯͯһӵĶ˸ĸ壬ڱԼԸ
ӵԼĶӣԼĪ룬ͻȻڵ
Ҷҽ϶.ӵ´Ը


186 
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ˣȡҪģˡӵ϶Ƿʱ򣬾֪ԼڷǷûоӵĻˣǸ⡣
Ҷһһƽӿ϶һƽȵ̬ȵǸǸҵıְֵ֮˺㣬ţǶİɣְ赣̨ϳ£Բųٳ²˾ģ죬ְֿļֺܰ˲𣬱Ȱְ¸ҡ
ڿ϶ĿֱӣҶһô鷳ˣҶҽ
Ҷһصͷٴ϶Ѿ͸Եͷ׺Ϊʲôô೤ϲСӵͷĴͦõġ
ģӵһ߾ȫġ
С϶ҶһǰոհѶѻ꣬ڲûǰôţԭһ̨ĲΪЩҪƳʱ䣬ҶһظʱΪѡںС϶ԥѡ졣
ӵ·˶ѡЩ飬һһС˵
7:49ҪĻ8֮ˮʳĻҿǸոǸСѴòǱÿһǰŵһɡ
϶ɻ̧ͷҶҽǴ￴ǸûòɵСòģ
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ΪոհС϶ϴԵʣҶһصĿȱˮմʪˣʹѾ˵Щ ̫ܣϿҲ衣
ҶһسȥʱӲһǵˮƿҶһЩǱģü˹
Ҷҽ֪ҽԺԴˮ
ߵ˵㲻ǲϴ׼Ϣʱ򣬶ӾȻ򹫹ϴҾһ·ʱ㣬˻治١
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ܲҶҽһأ
ҶһЩεؿװģᴦˣȻܾܾ߰ɡ
һǰһˮȥ߹˶ദŲӿ켸֣ߵҶһԱߣҶһرʪĳһѡ
ΪˮʪԵʣҶһҲĳȫ䣬ĵ¶͸ʪĳҶһ伡Уһдһֱӵŵף
·ʪˡ󴦳ԵЩ޹˵
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൮ϸսһֱڳڻǰ࿹ҩ֮ǰһֱⳡս·磬1935ƽ35꣬ǰ࿹ҩĵֱӰȫ˾ʮ겻ֹŸֿر֣ҽˮƽĲߣƽֱӷһ
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Ҷһ߷֮ǰһֱԥԼǲӦýǰǰϾʷǰӦûᱻ䷢߻˻ŵ
˵ʽֻ֮漰գҽѧʽڸ£ҵһСɣָʽƲȥҽѧ岻̸䱾͸ϻѩˮзһ¶࣬ڼշ롣
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ߵķ˵뿪Ҷһظı뷨꣬ҽѧʷ෢չʷȷʵԺԲƣΪСС񱣬˻ɥʧᡣ
ͺñȺǸ£̲ߵСϺ̲Ϻڱ˿£ЩϺ˵һߣΨһ
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ҶһشдһݻĵһӢĵģֱ𷢸ں͹ʵҽѧڿ
顱д˲ãſڴ
Ҷһʶ񾭽š
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ЩȵؿҶһشʱĴ磬ֻǾһᣬ漴Ц˯£ҴǼ
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֪Ϊʲôճ裬ȴñֿʼˣ㲻ȥϢ𣿡
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ʮְϵӡδδ𡱵ţҽԺеˮζŸմԡ㣬վߵǰŷ
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˹ӡܺã˵Ҵȥһ߰ˣֱǹٷңʲô׼˵ٵҶҽġ
Ҷһص˯ûпӸ£ɫ˯÷羰һţϸҧҧҶһصĶ䣬˵


187 

ҶһֻԴ˵ģһֱӵӣӵơ
ڵĺɶɡͰѸٷڣբƵˮˮѸϯȫҶһصͷողŲɣгͷͷӴһʪֳһӿһҶһصӼ˽
ڴڿһ˿Ͽм֢ˡҶһؽŴĹæڵ
֪ˡź˵껰ֵͷҧסźϺϵ죬Ѯȣµϣ˶ͻкð
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ĶӵҶһأ﷢͵͵ЦⲻŸϴҪϴˣҶҽҲû޶ϧˣֻ棬±ߵķ羰
ˮܣһ̫ˣȻܱƼ͸ˡ
ϴڱ㣬µڿ㣬űٴЦ
Ҷһشԡҳ˯̿ۿ۵һţڴϵüͷһ壬㲻ȥ𣿡
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Ҷһؽë˲ߵ߹˵ƣ¹͸͵͵˼粢ţ漴תҶһرӴһ𱧽
žͺá
š

㣬Ҷҽ׼ʱ𴲡
󴦳ⱲӼûô𴲹Ǳ۾ҶһؽԡңҶһȥ˯һᣬȻۣȴҪҶһء
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Ҳжϰߣֻһ磬Ļǲ켩ӵĺһ߼ǿĸܶ
⳿ܲҲ̫ˣرǳ𡭡
경ѣܸõؼע
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ǰգҶҽȻԵ˵ʣֻһʧȴ޷ƵģҽԵǶĿ϶Ĳġ
򱻿϶ԼԣټϸոԼĴһʱԼˣҶҽһΪԼһϸĻʿ
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һ죬ջû˵һĬĬɺóλáܰԼҽԱļɻ䡣
ԲҶҽҶһصǸ
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İţ˵ɺûһ㲻ǲܵģ˭õҽ˷أƱǿ
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ʮ꺮ʣһ֪˵Ǽúϵҽʮ꺮ô࣬úϵҽïҶһضˣǶԶƬİϷܶôֵܵȨҽѧڿջҪ֪ҶҪ۵ؿŷǵͬѧݶҽѧڿ￴ֵģ⼸һƿɿڿֻҪ졣
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190 
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޲صͷôӭ
ҶһصͷУš˫ݹݸ޲ء
޲ԭͦñֱûΣֻҽҶһף޲ҲףӹҶһ˫ݹʮСĽ屣תǣ״̬СĺɲƤ֯

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Ҷһز˲볡ƵԸ·ѾѾȫʪ
ϸὫгǶһΣӼһΰɫıԲ״ŵϡ
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һһɵĺˣоʷôǿԭпڴ򿪾һǲΪϻ̺߰۵˺ѹɵԡ
Ҷһһ˵һѾ϶Ҳྱ˳ߡ
úɫϸ߽𣬲ԶжϣǣҲ񾭴

ǺϾȫǿϹˣʱҶһҲֹͣ˵רĿʼǺϡİ״Ǿٴοһķϡ
ǼϸҶһָһŶǱָҪϾֱָһ׵Ȼ󻹶Եô롣
޲ؿҶһصĶﰵ˼Լܲһ£̵£ӦҪҶһһ˶ԵôƽԼĪǲܵġ
̩պʵϰ޲ð۾ŽҰ棬ûŴ󾵣ܿľҶҽֲͣڶȻߴ漴񾭾һ顣
ǵĴԷǳŵظǻˣӷ쵽һӾУȻʵϰǿԼ֡ðɣָǣֻǱʼǡ

šꡱһ죬֧Ǻʽɡ
ҶһسһѪ٣תͷɺ
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Ҷһص˵ͷͬʱԼ֣ǣûɡ
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ʵϰɫһ죬ͷȥ
޲ؿ̣ǳȻؽβĹ̩գ̩ջͦˣϸϸӹŴ󾵣ϸϸ۲ҶһصǺϳɹ󣬲δؿʼ˷ϡ
ʵϰҽ϶ýζȻӻֲĳ̶ȣǾֻƤϵĻǻǿԳһµġ
Ҷҽô뵽񾭺;Ǻأʽ󣬵ȴ϶ȥʱŮʵϰҽֱճҶһߡ
˱һУôѪܾһ·񾭾һߣǰӦԼⳡĿʲôĿĿʼƣҪﵽĿģҪʲôͺñҪһźţźԭĴ䵽ԭ·1234һ·3ˣô3ֱ124вУǺҲͬĵǵĿ޸Ե⣬ֱú񾭺;Ǻϣ㹻źˡ
ҶһصĽʮ޲ص˶ܴЩʲô˵׻ǻÿһѪܡ񾭵ãѧһеĻ޲ظ̾
һﲻͣ¼һ۾ضҶһأĿĳݸûΡ
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СߴߴҶһת޲ֱҡͷҶжİ
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192 
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ҶҽǰҲʵϰרҵɫԣտʼʱҶһΪ˱ضʮǿŲҪǹԤģǾ˲ŷ֣ĺĸУӿ˵Ŀ϶
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Сֻ۾ĿҶһأһڴģ
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193 
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Ҷһض߶߶Ļϵ֮ɫأ̾˿裬ý㡣
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ҶһعҶϵ绰Щͷ۵Լ̫ѨԤУضزô׹ġ
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ڶһ磬ҶһؾʹӼúϳǰɽ·꣬ĳɽ·ſµʱǡضҶ浴ӳ
ض𿴵Ҷһشĸʻüͷ⺢ôͲȰء


194 
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Ҷ浶ͷҶ浱ضһ·Ҷһغ˲߹ģﾹټͬĸض˵λᴦദУܵƺȷʵһݷִС
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ǰҾ˹סԺԿһذæ±ôһҪ鷳ȥһҾ˹⼸վ˹岻Ҹһס˳·
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Ҷһһ΢Ŀ⿴λдţүӸ׼

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197 
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ҸϱǹΪ˵ɽˮĵزŮɱģĻӦûѡһ𲢼Եаɡү˵ЦЦûŵڲڣ㻹Ժڵġ
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198 
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үҶһ뿪ǰ̽ԵҪҪҹģ󴦳ټ˸
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Ҷһһֱûøôض𿪿ڣҲ˲ЩΪҪʼˡ
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ΪǰҪʳ10-12СʱңǵǺʱûȽϳǺԭһ̨Ĳ7㣬˼Ҳǰ׼ҶһĲκѩȲ˼˵
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СһӴ˲ѹֵգεؿԼӣ϶͵͵Ц
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϶Ѿ˵Цˣ϶һЦʱȼغһ¥ȶˣҶһصʱһ̨߽ȻģȻӭľһӵӵߡ
϶ЩɳƣΪпԵʣʱȥָģصһһ嵭ʳ̣ҪŲòҪðпȻָòҪǾҿԣǲõġ
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Ҷһصһ漴ﴫˬʵЦ
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Ҷһڲ滭һԽͼκѩϸţ̶ȵؼٺ֢ĲΪ漰лѣʱҲ˵ǳ˳ĻʱӦܿСʱңǰСʱлвۣôʱͻӦӳǷģǾ仰ǻ߾ȫʲô𣿡Ҷһص
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ǸкǰǶѰӣҪʼ¿Ҷĵ籨ЩãȻһôҶһؾȻֶӵҽΨһֶٻëҽʲô
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199 
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ҶԵͷֲ̧˲ͷĺæǰëضͣߵĻôҲ˵ˡ
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ҶԽӹëԥһ£վǿ˿ڣոհˣ˼ǣðضЩҶ˵ʱ򣬲Щڨڨġ
ϵЦһͣ漴ЦŮҶģǹԣҶһҶĶŮҪҲԣضУҵĵߡ
̧ͷҶԣĿᶨ
Ҷԣ붼û͵ͷ£ģضضһᴦò㷳ĵġ
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ڶһ磬κѩκ¡桢Ҷκ̫̫͵ҽԺ
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Щεʼ磬ȥҰĲʵϰҽ첽߻ػʿ̨
ŶҽҽҶҽ˵ȥСᣬҲȥҽ104ҿǰСᡣ
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ҽǰϲϲͺһҽϲϡϲ׻ϲͽһǲͬԴͶʱȥоǰڵҽѧչˮƽķǳޡ
ǺҶҽ󣬻˵ԸµҶҽרҽһµĴǰˡԭôѧʣȫ׵ֲȫﻹ롢ȵȵȵȣһʱںУһһļһֵоѧʣϲҲȰͳԣԼܳΪϵҽ
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ллллҶҽĿ϶˷ǳҲṼεġǳ֣ص˵
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ҶҽһĿʮеؿ꣬û⣬ȥҿɣǿʮӵСᡣ
Ѿ֪ͨˣӦѾڻҵ
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תҪȥקſɿҶҽҶҽǡܲԹ
ǻܰģ֪ģһҽѧ˵жܸʱޣΨһһλۿֿԵˡˣҶҽ
Ҷһزòϰܻ˵ǻһ̨϶ͬСһȥѧϰ
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ȵҶһص˵ʱҽԱѾڻҵˣҶһض԰׺Ϳ˵Ϊİ̫лѺвȫУҶһس˱Ҫ֣Աһûдȥ
Ҷһأһ飬ïҽʿҲɺҶһĬïǻˣ˵òܸ԰ȫУɺģԴҶһ˵μΪ׺Ͱĺɺ;ǰ߶
Ǹ׼˵ģҶҽҲϲϽĴˡ
ʱȽϽţǿٹһ̺ص㣬ʱȻȽϳΪߵѶҲԽϴȣ꣬ʱٻżҲ֫鴤Թϰ˵һϿҽδƣĸϵмŴʷǻߵXƬʾСԵͼȷﻼߴˡ
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ǵҪед԰гͨĴ԰гͬΪ̶ϱֻ֢ϵȫг֯漰ŵ缰֯ҺͷڡҶڲṹҶ塢ӺͶӶҪȫжϡ
XƬƽĳЧԲʶЩѣҶһֱԱߵĺڰϽԽͼ˳ͬʱӦע˵úܿ죬˵ʮӵСʮӣһûҲһûò˿ٶԽһ˽⡣
Ψ̫ĴžǰͿˣҶһ̫죬̫ɬҽѧддžͿʼЩԼǲѧôҽѧˣôء
Ҷҽг뵽ҶҽҪȥң̱졣
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ǰ治ܽˡԱſֱ۵סκѩˡ
κѩκκ̫̫ҶŮ˶ŬǰҪٿºҲҲ񾭽
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ҶһҲû뵽ȻҶȿڣҶͷͬʱһڼǰվģǻ߾ȫġʱȽϳκŮʿòҪ뿪лȶǻȥ
κѩԼæڽȥ𣿶û뿪ңһᰲࡣ
Ҷһҡͷֻû취ǲŻмܽȥġ
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200 
衢裬衣Ŵȥȫֻ¶ֻ۾ҽʿǣ¶һ˿
ʱԼϵĿֶ˸ꡱƣ󿴿ҿ͵͵ӿڴͳһССĸպܱһСƿסСݸ
ע̱СˣȻͬʱСעĻҶһء
һжҶҽ۾ǰҶһشҽ˵Ļڣ仰ȻãҶһѯʵĿ⿴רҵܻдǿһعĻʿ
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ҶһؿעСϵĽź޴Ҳ˲٣˵ͷ
һԼؿڣ˵ллҶҽ
Ѿ׼ãͨ
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Щ㶵ؿԼ˲䱻Ͻ֣ԼһֻϵС򣬿𽺱ĦСѼе졣
漴ߴһº͵ú˯һ
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ǰ걻ƿȻǰƵһʱһѪٿӹǰӿڳ״ӵоһݡ

Ҷһֹͣ˼ƿǰĶǰ꣬ԼõĤеĶСšؽպĶݻɺ
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ҶһԼĪ˼ʮӣ̧ͷԺ׼ѡ
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۾ĿϤЦֻʧȥʶǰС򣬴ʱѾǸĻʿˡ
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գգۣ漴̲ˡ
ҼҶһص
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лأעдࡣҶһ˵ţӶл롣
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Ҷһؿµ¶һ˿΢ЦϵĶѪɫ֯һ㱻СĵжԼά
˳Ų쵽ԵϻأתǣҶһƤгȥҪгǺԱ¶ԵˣҶҶĳЩйأС˾ͻֿ­͵ĺ֢ʧ֢
ҪгǺǣע⻼Թܡ
ԣЦǵϴγĸһһòáҴӣһ
ѩɣأƹĻϲȸһ
ֵСĿİͰ͵ͯ˶úܣƫƫȴǶԵģ죬һڰ״鶼˲١

һס̫ȣҶһصĳ˲ٺ޾˲һס
гҶƤʣص񾭽ڣ漴ҵǡ
ʱһһȥСӵǼ޵ģⲢǱϣԭɵģԿʼܸоԼͷС
ƺʲôĶתֿʼͷذڶ
ҪҶһ
ǼһľͷˣԱòã
ȻءһľͷˡϷûаʼҪŲӣ衭裬ҡҪ衢衣
ײһּĸоʹСĲﵽ˶壬ʼп޺ҡ裡
£ҶһѾȫټˡ
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Ҷһؽݻɺüͷ壬һȣܲܰеĻͣһᣬȶλѡ
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ʱ׵ȻúðˣòãԣǲҪ
еݸݺݽˤڵϣ͵ײ顱죬󣬵ȴð״üͷ塣
ҡҪ衢裡


201 
˯һϢϢòãҶһɫ޾µ˵
ٻ꣬ʵȴֻĺԼչٻЩѣ֪ԼСӲһģ˵û˵ͶԼ·ûС
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ϵΣȥЩ⽨ɵĵϵۣѪԵϸںϷӸĶӣϵۣȷʵĵܵܡ
İ״ҲϡµõλκŮʿҶҽйϵȴû뵽λС˾ȻֱӽҶҽ硣
ҶһؽϴѪժƿɫ޾£һµġ
ҶһأҶһҲ΢ЦãҶһҶһһ£漴ס
Ҷҽסæµһ׵ݸҶһء
Щȴȵģ磬ǲǰҵԴˣһһ˵üĲ
ҲɣֻԴϿһСڣĶóȻǾͻϡҶһؿǰԿ־ʶԼһ󣬲ǰڣÿθʱѸľںͲ˼Ľ͹ͨϣǻ߱
ǸӦ͵ģְˮı𣿴һˮٸǻȥ࣬ͬڵˮĹҪϣ֪ˮǵˣǵˣԣܰ𣿡Ҷһ
Ҷһ֣ذеĿǸһּʹУûйָо谮ΪʲôãÿԼ·ʱͻչӶˣܺõģÿʱֻ֣ܿȻעͲٳһЩΪˡ
һβһæֱϿɱεĸоõþˣ۾ģҪһڴӦȻ뵽ʲôЩСʵҵӱһӣܸǻȥ𣿡
ҶһؿСһĵӺͿ־壬һЦɺ
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Ҷһתͷ˱ۣ30Ŵϸͷ­΢ǷǳģСʱҶһ۲Щʹ
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ҼǵýʳõĲԣӺ˵ӳúҿһ߳Էѽ̸ϰһ顣
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202 
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Ҷһ򨼡򨼡ĤԿʼͷƤˣÿβѪ㼰ʱֹѪҶһ΢΢һͬʱ߼ӦѧϰӦһܾͿԿЧӻСŸտʼء
ֻóһ˵ϵϣúõģȻ˵㣬ʱԵ˵㣬Ǹúӡ
Ҫżֶβ𡣡Ҷһһ߿ïͷƤֹѪһߵΪˣ˶нȥȨҲΪ֮ܶҵʹ̨ϵǸ޶ķˣҲȫΣúõġ
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ȻҶһصҲ˵ˣΪ漰лѣл˳ĻʱܻӳһСʱӳǲ˵̲˳ء
Ϊʲôû˽ȥǰ˵ãʿǲܰסͽȥģΪʲôȥ
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ҽҶӡŬάԼ򶨵󣬵΢΢¶Ĳƽʵ
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κѩһ˵κģȻĻѾнˣϻǸ˰κѩһ飬ĻԵĺǿһʱӦ¶ɺΪѵɫ
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203 
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κ̫̫Ҷһؿ϶ĻԺҲάֲסʱ˼̫̫ģץҶһصֱۣл
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Ҷһε̯̯֣ʱǱԤϵóһ㣬㻹һ̨ץʱԷôҲڲʳá
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ᵽϾҪд԰г߻ǸĺӵʱȺһŵζĲӬһǹʵ籨һһغʱ̫ãǴֱӾ͹ˣεİҲһ¼ĸҶɣβˣǾԲѹˣһϵǳ
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ԴҶһúϺǻԱڼúϵĵλۿɼߣҲеɰ
ҲҪţšؿҶһزţţ۾һΪ˳Բʲôöˣû뵽ţŰ
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Ҷһغүǰ·Ҷһÿܳ˻ɽԷ⣬żṫүӳԷүӸҶһṫ˷䣬ʱ̫ĻҶһҲǹҹȻǺַ˯ġ
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204 
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Ҷһ䣬ضһףȱ㣬ܱȽ࣬ȤȻǸеġ
ԸȽľګǰɣ⻻˵ǹɰɺãɺãۼԼС㣬軹¸ϲأⲻʲôȱ㣬أʲôġضصǳȷǼͥΪء
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Ҷ浵İ۶췭컨ȥˣҲΪԼҵܸܵеˣƲʲôݱᣬԼҵܵСģҶ浾֪һϲˡ
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ԶԶԣǼϣضҶ浵һδһ
ҶһؿŮ˻ģԥƬ̣˵ͷãѡĩǼ档
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Ҷûضƽϣʹƽ͵شضЩĻʵĺ壬ôҲǹˡ
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ҶԣؿҶһأ漴תͷȥСӣ˵ʲôɿĻҽë඼۾ˡ
ҶһҲЦҶ浺ض뷨ڴҶҲ˸ģ뷨Ҷһ㶼ҶҳϹϵضصҶƺΪ˶ŮǵδʱضҶԵ̬ƺҲ΢ı仯
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ˣһϳɣؼúϡҶ浵˾ӿϵطţ򿪳ʾҶһ
ȻʱһɫĽγӲԶӰʻͣҶ浵ĳ档
Ҷ浵һ۾ϳϾϺ00ͷĳƾôҶ浾ȵؿŴ
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㣬Ȼȥɣᴦṫݣ˳·
Ҷ浼Ժ˳Ժػص꣬˷ɵϣеͲԽԣƺʲôҪֻ֮ôһ㡣
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һַֻڷϣһֻסҶһص֣λҸϣΪļˣͽϲʲô׼ǲô
Ŀڵǿ졣
㲻ҲѾĿڽо˹Ҫƽźá


205 
ƺرʮ£ӦѾǽʱڣȴǴŶ̹ӵǡ
ӴϺ·ԼĪСʱһƫƧĲֿ⸽ֿѾоԱܺ״ŹƤñ˵Ҷ浵ĳڲԶͣ¡
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ԱһѧװҶ浴ӳ׷׿ڴкҶѾүӰ˾ͷѽΣϴһӰү׬ľүᶨڵӰҵȥľġ
ⲻڶ ӰҲѸϴζڳͬͷүӴͶ룬ⲿµӰ⾰ʹ档 
·ֱǳˣܱиֿ⣬Ǹֿϰ˵ˣһĳأɲֿܵϷݣҶûɡ
Ҷ浵ͷҵȻû⣬ʲôʱʼ
ˣȺڻױȥ׼׼ɡ
ҶӦãһֿⷽȥֿŴţŶ̴ЦźҶкԭıڣҲŵӰ˾Ⱥݡ
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λаǺЩ˼صͷȥҶ浼״ؿһۣǱ۸
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Ҷ浺⼸ȺǺϤˣرǸΪûԸֺãһʱҶ浵˾
˺ˣ˿ˣֿͷϰۣעⲻҪ׼Ա󺰵
ҶͼȺֿ߽棬۳һȥǷ۰һȺֹ˵껹һ硣
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ԼδϱҲʮڴġ
У㣬ϿʼҪϡ
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ʱ򣬰ʼⳡݵ󲿷֣ӸµؿҶ浣漴¿ڴó̵
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206 
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207 
ҶС㣿ҶС㣿ǵ𣿡ɪûҶ浶˵
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ҶһһһûмԲŴ绰ʣҽʲôʱ⾰᲻⾰ˣ
֣֥֥˿ѾЩ谵ĵƹ⣬Ӧðĵǰ쳡ûҲĲѽҶѾǰˣ⾰ֳ磬ҶҽҪȵȣҵ绰Ұȥʡ
ҶһеĲԽԽأ绰ͷŮƺǳȥˣʱͲﴫԴӵ졣
Ҷҽˣ˵⾰رըݱڷѲˣȻ¾ֵİү͵Ӱ˾˶ˣ˵ԱˣʥҽԺ֣֥֥ٵڻͲ
⾰ǲڻվ۲ֿ⣿Ҷһŵ绰¶
ԣô֪ģҶҽҲȥ
ҶһѾ֣֥֥ڽЩʲôµ绰ɿ򷹵ſȥ
ըγɵĳʹըܱߵƬӵһ䣬ʹһ鲼Ƭһڱըĳ¶䴩пԿǻٵĳԼˣҶһصԺը˰
绰Ҷ浻ЦŸ˵ôذð֮ǰҪȺҵһΣȻðضǰʱ˵һйǿĻţҪǳҪֻҪҸģ㶼֧㡣
һӣҶһǶӣûйָоʲô¶һ˸վһһԣǺͰȫȻͬĸ飬һֹѪ飬ֺ˺޸ĸоˡ
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ͰҶ浵ƴȥҶʼƺĳ󰢻֪һץסһҽԱֱۣȾһȾ
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208 
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209 
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210 
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첽߽³󻪵ĲԺһҽѾˡ
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ҶһԽüͷԽתͷʮؿҲϲıҵְҵػ˵ͽıְҵ塣󡣡Ҷһ֣ص
ͣ漴Ͷ״ԣû󡣡˵Ҷһֹֿ⣬ԵĹ⡣


211 
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ضɲʲôе͵´֪ضĶǴҽŮǴǡ
ضֽһۣȻѾˣֽôһģǲôöġ
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ԱҲҽԺˣ´ͬ·һ̾Ϣ
ضͷ˵ǽʱԽԽԣӰ˾䲻ֹҶһԱǷô²ҶһػҶ浶һֶûиᣬҶ浻绰˵Ϸճ̽ˣͬµ˵Ӱ˾ϵ¶ץˣǻʲôӰ
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ھӴĳ̵ֻԱˣǼϻأкܶ඼ҽԺǸǣһҶ˵ҲסԺܾˡ
ҶȷļҽԺضЩϸ
ھӴҲضĽһĴȣǰɣ룬Ÿڴү˵ںʮֻҽԺصҶһԱҽԺʲôġ
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״̬ϵúãǾδӸõͷ˵ľһڲﻶЦ˵˲ԼƵġ
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ȻôƽͣҶһǰĬģҶ浻ǾûԾ֪еۺֻǰ۵úܡ
Ҷһ¶ε飬Ҷ浵ûдˣĴʯҲˣ̧˿ֱϵʱ䣬У⼸ҽԺķҲ˰ɣҰȥζġ
Ҷԣ۾һֵص˵ͷеûζ˵мҵǱƽģĿĵطԲҲԶ
УȥҶһЦ
ҶһغЯȥֻǾ̤ҽԺŵĲúһưͣʥҽԺſڣض첽ҽԺȥ
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ǲ֪ʱжֲԺ͸ᰣҽ˵ǾȲˣҶҽǰ˸Ȼˣᣬ˧ǰ;һǻˣȱȻϲˡСʿ޿ɫ
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Сʿϵı˲ùŶҶ浼106һСʿͷȥض
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ضҲ΢ȶ˵㣬´Ҷһ飬ɫɫһֿʼƽ߶
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һأ𶯲׷ͺڷ˵ģ
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ˣģҿ
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۳ԼٲضԼҪˣҶ浻ǹԹԵذ·Ҷ浵˿ڲɴʵʲôضȴ̲סͷȥӡ
ɱǧģҲǵģôñըңأ˾͸ñץǧУضͷߩߩ顣
ˣضվҪһߣȻĿɨ⣬Ӳɽԭء
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212 
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Ҷҽֳ棬һЩ޴롣
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213 
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214 
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ض˵ĳƺϲЦ˻ʲô㰡ͣԵˣ̰ɡ
˴Ҳճ᲻ãҲ˸鳤Цſ˿ڣǸỵ́СҲʥԼҵİɣ̵ĶһѧУģнͲ˱ˡ
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λΪ鳤תͷͬЦ´Ļأ֪ТˡԱЦ
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鳤Ļ䣬ض̸о˺üĿ䵽ϣǵ͵͵ĴŲζЦ
ضһһףԺִ߸֡ᡱֵ¶Щʲôˣ
紵ſڴӴͷ߹ʱ򿴵ľôһ档
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ģûϵ⻰ض˵ͦ飬ŬԼû
ߵߣ˵һ飬ԣüͷ΢壬漴Ƴһۡ
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216 
ضӾ¾ֻģ¾һУеظܵˡֱȨơ
ˣضǲİֲڵ̫һȥ϶ð˺üݡ
ͬʱǱַ˵籨ضһȷǻȥʱ䣬⻹ضһЩų⺼Ƿĵ籨úõĶϸһˣôҶԽ
ضͷѸתɵ绰߶߶ҶһضЩͷۣÿʱҶ浾ͻһֻı鿴λдšҲôһ족߸֡
ԼȻСҶһʮһ¶Եýͷö뵽ʮ£ͷ̾˽յգúϵĺȥһԺʥڵȫְһȼ
Ȼʥڹȴôݣ1216գǳ߻ߣȻǺǻǽĵǶһʵ߲Ʋҽѧ磬ҶһԼϢ
һܺ󣬱ϢҲβסֽͷͷǳϢֽʬѻһƬпֽ˶ľ
ͬĿúܶͬܣ֪ʶӷ׷ڱֽϷ۶ٽ굱óʵеĶԲ
ҶһǰôΧһ֧֧ҩõģҪҩ֧֡
籨㽭㽭Ļظȴ⣬ҩѾ׼ò࣬ҪģҪȵ̷籨ǽ֣һҪһ
Ҷҽʱһĵ绰ǸµĻˣϴδġŬ֯ԣһ˵һָԼؿڡ
£Ҷһժ¿֣üͷ΢壬ѫ£ѧȵָָԼؿڣ漴ʵ
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͸Ĳ˼ص칫ңҶһشӿڴóűдһֽͷ绰Ͳ˹ȥ
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ѽҶҽ绰ˣҲˣ򲿳ˣϣһ档ĹԱ
Ҷһһ£Ĳ⻹ӼĹ٣ҶһµЩʲôãʱص㡣شӦ
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·ĹԱһҶһصͷʾԽȥˡ
Ҷһض˵лл漴Ž롣
һʮҵӣǰϰһС¯¯Ϸһµͭ¯ðɫë¯ӵֱ
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Ļ䣬ҶһصĵһӦǣôض£رضһѾΪԶˣҪȥߣضֱιȥ



217 
Ҷҽ֪Ϊѣһ񽻵һŸճУŲõУԼоͲ˼ҽһ㣬㲻ҪиǾܾҲûйϵġ˵øϿҡ
ҷλϺϾ·ϣӴȥһҽֱߵ⽵꣬ſڴ˲ٹ·ŮŮưɫۡŹİ׷ŵ糵ӣ֯һֵĳн־ͼ
һЩͶ˰ɣҶһ˼ַʽĳ˽ºԼǸԼѡȨǿԾܾġ
ԣ֮Һңܹҡ
ϻǹŹ߳º͵Цݣļȴʯһ㣬͸ʮֺгسһϣĵһе
Ԫġǳ̿ռʾˡС
û뵽ҶһؾȻӦôˬ죬֮ǳ͸жΪڱƣƽԱļУرǳڼһ˺ͻ˶԰뿪ĳУҪ¶ȥôһУԼȥġ
ôһʮͷ˾ȻͰģҶһùֵӣһʱеѪֱͷ鲻ɴˣҹγˡ
鼤ҶҽûбѪͷԣǻصʱеҩﲻȫֻҪ֣̤ʵģȾѧҶһѡ޶ûѡſΡ
Ψһܺ͸ȾѧϹϵĴθȾĲ˿о70ǳǵˡҶһزΪĲ֪ѧ͸Ⱦѧѧ֮Ĳ𣬲˵ڿҽңЩϿɵҽȴңҶһصʵصӦеӰ
ҶһؿɲԼֻȥһͨ㽭ĻǰͿԴģˣʱ˵ûҩԣҩ̶ȵطãϺǳľ飬Ҷһػмְյġ
ȻҴӦˣǲǿ̸̸⣬ƩҩҽƷԼ֧֡
˵ʱ˵ûҩԣкľ飬ЩƣͬʱҲǺͻģûǿĹһأƽԱһЧҹ࣬ʱҩԴȺҪö࣬ҩ˽ڴʱϺһҪ֧֣ǿƸɲǿҶһһ˵˵ܳɵġ
ԣҲӼȵƽͬʱҶһصĿǳ˸̾ͼͣаĻʵĹӢ֮Ӱ
û뵽Ľô˳ԾϸûҶҽģĹʶѾˣǽ껹ڱĸЭͬһ¹ͬߣҩƷʴӳ룬ǻȫ׼á
ڣҶһüʮѮ껹һµʱ䣬黰˼Ǵٳ
̫ҶҽʲôҪ󣬿Ծᣬùȥƽ̫æҲ΢ȵȣϣܾ׼ãϾһȥЩͬͶһϣЦ
Ҷҽͬ¶һ˿ЦԼ̫Ѩֽ˵߲Ծʼڲ࣬Ⱦ֮˾Ѿ룬ӵƽƽ˿ڿǳڵļ࣬һһʩȡȾߡ
֪ԭλҶҽ̫죬̫ˣһʱګګų̾һЩʵؿڵǵš
һ仰̫Ϣڱޣʲô¶ҪЭ̣һµʱеϸһ̶ȷʵǾˡ
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ǱҪҳʱϵҵʦϼڹ繤ֶͷΣ¹ǱҲ˵ϻѡĬãҶһزڵ
Ȼ֪ҶһǱߵĹϵҶһ˵ʦ˾Լ¹ݵĹϵ֪λҶҽ͹Ĵ󷨹ٹϵƣƶȣǿǹʵȨͷ֮һ
лˣҶҽ˵ҪæĵطҶһǰѾûˮͭ¯һ˵ҶҽǺˡ
ҶһػڳصУԵ˵ͷ
ҶҽҲ֪Ǽɣ˵ⱨֽϵֻٱˣҽԺƵвٸȾδƵ߻ߣҶҽǾһʱ̫˷ѣܲиǡ
ΪʱĻƱԵʣض³ͿʼҶһض»غǵʱ䣬úϵʥмڵģҶһؾæ26ŵƱ
ҹձҪغǵģǵ鷳ϸ˵˵
ҶһؼȻӦǰƽǺǵȻܾҲſλҶҽжٶһδģߣҪͶһڽȽıΪ˶ʮεĻᣬȫȨиǰλ˻취Ϊ˹ͨȻҪġ
ںϺܿһں飬ǱҪ˸ҪҩҩҶһʱڿסǵ顣
ǲǱܸ֧֣Ҷҽˡ
Ҷһûֱӻᣬȥ¾
ʲôȥԸߣ㻹ӦˣԼĶ䣬Ҷһأ֪ʲôΪϴκʮֻ˻ˣսʤǲǣ
ӳóһݵ籨˦Ҷһǰǵڲʼ֪ĸȾߵĴׯӵһȫ壬˲һݵʱ䣬ÿÿ·ԣзõʬ壬ôȣҶһأҶҽ㲻ɡ
ҵǲǣ˽ҵ㣬ûµġ³һȥ͵ûзǱߵܿܿסҪ㡣
һ˵һ绰ҪţҶһվָõ绰ϣΪҡ۾
ҲҶһأãݺݽ绰ҵϣ⣬
칫޴죬ſڵľԱæʵᴦҪǽ𣿡

ϣӺα֧űڴڵشȥ𣬵㡣ŬƽԼΪ侲˵
ҶҽҲصϣһ죬սıȥͣסĲ𣿡
Ҷһ΢΢ǰ㣬ҵսѾˡ
칫ﰲֻõصĺҶһأ漴һ粽˰칫ҶһػûзӦ֮ǰִֻҸ£ϤϢм˺ҧĴݽҶһ˲ͱ
㡭ҿܻͣµģԭΪԼᣬ˰˽ġ


218 
ԶֲҶһصģǱ󴦳ӦĻضŮʿ
찡ϱʲôܵôծҪҵضҲ˲ʲô׷ϵ˵棬ڴ߱߿ޱߺš
ھ͹ҪӦµʱû裡
ҶЩͷ۵Լ̫ѨԼ¸ضǸ
Ҷ浽ӵ绰ʱĵһӦҲǽͷŭһʱϵ˼úϣŵܹܵһŷɳ۵ƴϣ࣬˫ֽͣѹƴϲ˵࣬ƴԶɫĹԱƴ鱯ݺ;ļѪ˳Ŵεϣһء
ҶһشһкͿƴͰ״ʧſڡ
ſվСʱû谵Ų˼ԽԽ࣬ǽţݣһȺԶĻҶ浲رЩ˼Ⱦ
ϨҵűƿʱԼҲؽҶһشſִҳߵǰժ¿º͵ǣܳɹǵ˻ˡ
ޣϵۣллллҽ
˱мͼķʽʮֱŵģҶڻûзӦǰһůĻסҶҽֱϵʹ𣡱Ǹ̫ˡһضͲŮЦݵضҶ˵
ôһ˲䣬һִδйĵױŷǶľηжЩڵ绰˵Ǿ仰Ҳ֪Ҹòø绰˵Ӧ⣬һҿ϶ȫ֧֣𾴣
Ҷ浵ȵ˼ɢǰȥΪʱ񾭽۾ɬ۰Ħ̫Ѩĵܵܣ죬β˵һ䣬ضܲȥ𣿡
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绰ͷҶһ£ضڣҪ㣬Ѿˣɣɽ㶼С
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΢΢ֱͦ˱̣ЩҪҪģȥƽǰһǰ׼ãһ㹻ġ
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֪ˣ鷳ˣңѰضˡض·Զȴ


219 
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Ҷ㲻ٿһֻǽ귽˼ǲصģǼúϵҽҿùֻ¹棬ǻġµüͷ壬ܼһֻӡ
ΪҽԺԺ²йֵͷΣ빫ϲʿ˽ƣ棬귽滹治ǿ
ҶһҡҡͷԺⲻǽ귽˼Ҳҵ˼ߵʵҲ״ҾûҪӱΣƽǱڿĸҽǷƶҽҲǲʦѧûбҸõѡˡ
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193312£вʱ䣬ǳսͻʽ죬֪ü𱱷ⳡ飬ֵֻʱ⣬һˡ
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ҶһؽӹضݹĴ£̵޻ϣͷϻЩ£ġ
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Ȼ˵ȰôԲڰϺϲѾѾ֪ҼְϢزˣϲķӣƽǱ߱Ƚ϶ʽ󷿣ʽҲûУҪߵضκƷʵĴҪʱҡ
ŵ绰ͷɶһ˿ЦҶһ⼸սꡢһӶˣУɣͨҪ
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СǰһվǶṵ̂ѽŲ˻
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30ܿ𳵵˼Ҳ࣬ȷʵ˵˶࣬ȴָʮۣͬǳӵ˼ң˼뵽ǰȺϾÿͶ࣬⼷ɲף˵Ҫˣ˼Һ쵼ĸŬȥҪȥ˼Һ쵼
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220 
30ġˡȻ˳Σ㳤һлװˣ˶˵ĳ֮ĳҲضãмûȻϵĳ˿ͲΡΡشӻǾһ·ڻ𳵳վ˺ǡ
Ҷһؿ˾ҲЩ꣬ǰԼϿͼƬʱĵײҲÿЦȻʱȴȻ˺ڴˡ
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ҶһȥֻԶѹѹһȺΧһ𣬲˺ţѽ˵ˣˣ
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á
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ȺһʮģţԱվһͲӣҶһؿæҺģһڻʶģֻ֪֣ҹ֣
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Ǳ߷ʲô߽վֵ̨ĺЦüΪһ߸ɾȺۼС
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߼ߵҶһһԶĵطվ
һȺƷڵ߹ʹΧ۵ȺްɢȥʣµҲ˺üЩĵĿ⿴Ҷһء
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ҶҽŴˡ
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΢΢ָָ벽ӣǾ¾һķǼۼڸ𡣡
á
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֮ߣʿ˫֮УǾηģҳӭλҶҽ
ҶҽλҶ̫̫ҶСɣѾͤ궩˷䣬ĻǾ͹ȥɡ
ոհҶһæĸ׳Ҷһţĵװզ࣬СզôɰΪԼǰСû뵽СԼ
ɢɢˣɢˡѾоԱʼԱߵȺ
˼ƷͷĶҶһؿͿģҲٵģɢ˿ȥֹ߱ţǸÿСվһЩƷȻЩüĿˡ
ض𿴿ٿԱϹЩտվ̨ûпҶӵˣһأⲻؼֱסƵ꣬ⲻλδҶҺҶԵ̫̫̫̫Ψһƫضˣɲõˡ
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Ҷҽض֮ʣһˬʵӲԶ
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ߣȥ


221 
үȻŹȣһ緢ĸоҶһ߽Цݡ
ȻʶүӵģĺУҪںǵĵؽվȽŸȻҪһһݻͷߣżҵſɲýϺʱҲķһġ
үںǵλȻһͲ£˭ӶȻվλҶҽ
۾У漴̴ǡôľȺЦݣ΢΢Աһү㹻λ
үҲϹӣôһȺƷλվܿ˵ͷЩ˴򽻵Ǳ湦ҪģЦŵͷվ֡
ػȴүͷҲص߹ߣЦӭҶһأҶҽɾͲ˰غôҾȻǴԺ֪ģǲǿͷӰү˵
ҶһزҪȻĿɨүӵ˫ȣϸ·Ѿ볣ˣҲ¶ЦүȽźܿò
õҶҽĿ϶үӵﲻɴϲɸͦ˼֣ү˵ʹ͵Ѿʧô꣬ȲܵĻָȴһʱģүӼó˵ڲӵĺݾ
ΪмһλֽҽԺƴֹһҪѭ򽥽Ž˷ŻؼңмҲǳ˲ٿͷɹҶһؿ϶үͷһȣһʱ±Ϸ϶ĸо
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Ҷһԣʶؿ
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үҲ˾ﲻ֪˼ʮָӵվҲûɣһ飬ôһӣǼҲģλһ顣ָָļ˵
صȻл˵пܺүͬԷֵûһҲôһˣимͬʱɶҶһظһݾη֮顣
˵ʱ٩ССҲ߽˳վʱվĳ˿Ѿ˴룬һһ߽Ĵ
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С㶵ؿŴӲԶ߹ҶһأæҵشӶͳһżıֽϸϸһ飬ⲻǼҴү
١үЩСǺģûмҶһأΪŽӭӵĹ٩һݴӱֽϲüҶһصƬȺƷӵģƬϵҶһأ
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ոԶ俴ҶһҶȺƷԱߣҲΪӾλϾ򿴹ȥֻܿҶһغҶȺƷ࣬ǵľж
ϣ壬ˣһΪǼǴӣءض𿴵٩Ǻܸˣֻ̧˻ӣйӵζ
ضȻ֪үӵķжأ֪Ϻںǵĵλˣٻ£ض˳֡
٩һжͣүӡվֳԺԼ¾ǼλʵȨﶼⱲľֳ氡һӾˡ
һ߲Ųͣĺһ߿ĿİͰ͵һкһֱеĳƣеüͷˣ٩ҲаƽмһõͷģٽһῴǣԺӸôѽ
үС㡭٩֪γƺض𣬵ܵ˶ͷϵĿ⣬һҧ̫̫
̫̫ײ࣬ҶһغҶ浲ЩΣ˶˸ǰȻҪģҶһǰ壿
ԭСүļλģ̫үˣҶԺ̫̫ǰͷֺã󷴶ͷûֺã䱻һ壬ҶҵĸвôʵȨ
ɳôһضһУҲƵóҶҵ˼ˣҶһڵ˶úףض
ǣҡ٩ʱﻹиոյֺ͵̬ڵü͡
ҶһضЦЦڵʱ̫ˣһüˣǻȥٺãȥϺ𣿡
Ҷһ⻰˵òֿǸǣҶһغҶ浶ҶҶԼҰ⻰˵áùˣͺȥ˼ƵģͲѡݷá˵
٩Ŀɿڴһʱ˵ɡɣ˵ɼﶼ׼ˡһ뵽ǰĳ˵
վΪ׼˽ӷ磬ܲùǵʢ飬㣬׼ʱҶң𣿡Ҷһؼ
٩ܵһִԼĿ⣬ֱЩᣬһ˵Ĺ£˭˭ˣһ˵زˣһС»żүӺķ֣
٩ֻЦصͷүһȥ̫̫үġ
Ҷһضͷתͷүǵ߰ɡ
漴һȺ˼˵Цش٩ǰ߹ضЩػͷ٩һۣٲҲ֪үǱȻҶҪˣҲظ뿪ˡ
Сվ٩󣬿һȥֹ壬ôүСˣǻȥô
٩ԣͷСһۣߣбȥôô£ѵ㻹ҪүվֳԺˣ˵꣬и̾˵һ䣬ǳһ仯ҶңҪඣ߰ɡ
ŶСƶǶӦһ漴ظ٩뿪ˡ


222 
Ҷһغ٩ĶԻڳ˶ڶλҶҽҶҵ̬Ҳ˼֣ϾҪˣ˼Ѿ׼ˣͲͣ˭ͣղգЩ˵ģǿɶнġ
Ҷһصĸ󱨵󣬺Ǻܶ౨綼翯ǣҶ̫̫˾˵ҶҽӣòżҡܹҶһضݵ˼ҶҶҸ߿˲ֹһۣ̬ȻҪõġ
Ҷһһдӳվֱͨͤ꣬ͤǺϵķ꣬ͤͤں룬һСͤΪɣ겻󣬷ͰᶼޣΪĵλã㲻ӪҵԤԼĵӾѾĩŵ
һ˵ͤſڵʱͤľˣһ߿ֱһ߻ŶͷĺͤԷİһֻÿϵĴʱǾԳӴģĿʱ򣬷һ㶼ǲʱ䣬ÿӴǸܵӵĸо
ǽүӺվֳʱȻײˣһܵ꾭һ·飬λڲҪײϣȻһӭ˭ӭ˭ӭ˰ĸ͵ᣬɶҪѡģѡһ߶һ
ǽӵ绰ʱûעߵʱһѾ˵ȥһдĻ޾Ͳˡ
ˣˡз·ܹܱߺ
޾һ飬˭ˣ˭ģ
һүӺվһˡŴ˵
޾ֻЦѾôִͤô꣬ҲǸӹˣżߵ·ڣҲһĸղŵĽ겻˻ϲЦݡ
үӣվ֣Ժ˵أҽϻſλԭλˣиλ٣ͤ컹Ҫˡ޾æӭȥ
ȻߵһʱȻ֣˾Ȼײһ𣬶Ǹһģ˵м仹վһİˣүӻΪġ
ҶҽʱճǵĴբзãר˴ճǸЩأ޾зû
޾ڴҶһصݣүӵĻæʮǰϹүģʱأ֤ǳԵʵĸճ¯Ĵբз
үԹЦתͷҶһؾСһйӵҫɫô޾ĵ׽Ҷһصķּ˼֣ɲǶ̬ͨȡ
λ롣޾һǰ·һѯʵĿ⿴
Ȼ״޾˼ͤҲϯҪүһأҪֿ
һѾߵ˾ƵԷŻ˽ŲӺͷ˵䣬ͷ漴֣ǽվֳԷҲǣС֣ǸԱȥ
µСԱǲ¶ϲɫллվ֣վֱӣͬʱ
ⳡòٹ·˿͵ĲĿүʱﻹ֪Ҳϯ˭˵үҲ飬ͷӴվ֣ز˼ˣ´ʱҲҲһٷ𣿡
ԣвӦĵҲ¶һ˿ϲɫŹԸɨԴ

һǢسһͣνǱضҶ浱͵ȥϢҶһƴ̸˺¡
緢ֵҽԺⲡҼһݣ˾ͶȥˣͬĲ˺һʿ½֢ͬ״ҽԺҽӦ½ΪϺߵͨȫֻǼûзиˣȷӦҽԺׯҲ˾ۼԸȾ
ƴһҶһ˵ŵºǵ͵ϺһΪ˲ֻţߵϢϲʿҲŵģҶүҲδϸȥ˽⣬ƴһ˵ɵһ
Ǳ˿ǾĩǳߵģǼֱǱսҪµĽ
ҽԺʱ֯Բ飬ִ½ߵĲֲܶҽԺҽԺûȥˣԳ˸ո˵ĶǼҽԺҽԺûԺڸȾļǲеĴˡƴ
Ҷһüͷ壬ǵĻҪӣԺ˵ߵͷϺҪ磬ˣпҲǵĸȾֻ䣬߲ûдģȾȥǵȵ꿪
ׯľۼԸȾǸȾĻһУ˵ڳҶһص
˵Ƕ죬߸˾ķֳʹЩȾɻµ꣬ׯһľۼԸȾֻԽԽࡣ
ҶһصĻƴҲ˳ĬͬΪҽѧߣȻ֪ҶһصĻԲΣ
ׯأôҶһ˼Ƭ̣
󣬷̴ӻóһţƤֽĵʾ˫ֵݸҶһء
Ҷһؽӹϸ鿴ԽüͷԽ
أҶҽ㱨һ֪ġ
ǡ
صӦһ漴תҶһأҶҽׯķڸ𣬴³ʼڲ̶̰࣬˼һˣ˺С׳ҲȾˣйγıΪѹˡ
ظļƬмҽԺͽ飬ҶһؿһƬѪҺһ˲ᣬδ˿һȷ1933꣬90ǰһݽ
ƬͣҰĳ£ŢС·ǿԼŵʬ壬Ǵʬ弸ǵŶѷ档
ʩأеĴʩأҶһظоԼĺЩѡ
ƴԣ̾˿ڵׯм佨һʱļҽԺǿôׯĸȾδָȾ˸뿪ʱҽԺûˮûúģҲֻǸṩˮʳ֢Ļ᳢һ£ȻġûС
Ҳ֪طǵĺܶ࣬ʬĴǰһڶ·ֳһĴ񻹻ܾǰˣҽԱΪܹˣҺбȾģڴҵҲЩ䡣
ƴ˵ۿѾЩˮͷȥĲǲŬǿϣ
ϣϣŬз򣬶ûзںڰĦҲ۵ģǵҽƹ˵֮ҽ֧ԮС׼ףЩ״ӻûúûˮ¼ţʹԼƺ֮
˵䲻ģģ޷ǿȾǿƸ룬ȻѸҶϴĲǰ״ӣǰ޳ˡƴԳ
˳ĳĬҶүӡ˲ҽߣǿƴҶһأȻһָͬܵĸоΡΪʹ࡭
ҶһطеƬӰһ泯£˱ۣߵ¼ûҩεģҪľԤϢҪˣƷȫûúľգˮһҪӦϣȣп֣ĩǳȻ֤õģҽ߱ȫǰǣȫĻ߶ϣ̶ܶϸķ
ȫΧ϶Ҫ귽ֻ֧֣Ҫǵ鱻ˣҾ˵򲿳ߣܹܲӦеĿ֣Ҷһؿƴ
ҲλҶҽĴһƬ̣Ǵ֯ҵǱڽҲбģ¡
Ǳ档Ҷһ˵ҲûʮİգǷڣӦöٿһ㣬ǲɸҲڱУȻ˿ľۼȾԲ͹ٷɸ˫¡
Ǳֻ֪ܱ˺ãйٷɸĻҪ鷳վߡҶһؿ
ڲҶһؾȻԥ˵Ǳ桱ԳƬ̿ڵ򲿳ȫȨĹҪɸĻ߿˿ղķʽûƷƬһŲ鿴Ǳ£²ǿģϾȫ˭ûаƿ½귽ԼĿǡ
Ҷһ촽򣬡ҽϸ򲿳籨ʱһʿͷɣҡԼҪṩʵԱִйصԱСҶһؿƴҽѧʿҪ鷳Ժ֪ͨˡ
ƴ̵ͷģҡæôãͿһһҶһصϿϣ


223 
ϵĽϿգߵ֯Ҫһ϶ƻͨ
õҶһصĵ籨ڼеɳϾþ˼ú˵绰
ҹγӸĸۡĴ¥ʻȥ
Ҷһغƴһҹû˯ƴҹϵҽѧĸͬУҶһһ̲ͣⷽǺڵÿһÿһ붼һʻţһ㣬ٿһ㡣
һ̨һԱ֨֨һҹ
糿
ʵȨŵĸһ˻ң漴Щƽĸ߹Ҫһ࣬ۼ䲻ˤ֮ƽϳɳصģȻͬ
ǱԲ飿ȻģֻţϢʱˣеУЩ˺ѧĭӶµˣڸ˵пںȫ汬ֳô죿Щҵ˭ȥҽϾҽоԣǵȫȫ
˵΢֣沿׶԰ף۲·ŨŨĺȦȻ޳ɵǱһ顣
һԻ˲ָͬǱԲ飬ҲⲻܣǸʱҽԺҲȥȫ˶͵֮ָϰԼȥ˿ղķʽһ鿴һ㵹ǿ֧֡
ǲǱ˵ζ֣Ҳϣĩǳеȷʵݺӣߵϸ󶼴ӿڱ룬߿ڱϸ֮˿ڱϸ룬ߺγһ鵽Ҳֻαֻ꣬жϴ;αķ
ųۣ۾һɱ׼˴磬Ȼ˵Ĵӣ
ϰ˵һֱʮһ㣬ѾСʱΪĵ籨ǰǶҶһؿסߵʩûʲô۵صϣڡһ㡣
п֣ʮ˿ڣô֣ʵ
ڳһһ̫ߣһֵڶλӿվ֣ôҲ۲һ³λҶҽأ˵ϻⶼˣô
üͷ壬ֿ̧˿ֱϵʱ䣬ȷʵЩˣ뿪˵ſڴԱæȥš
ǸˡվڻſڵĺȻҶһƴһƴӣԱʶˣ˿ɲ᲻ʶ
Ф飬ôˣ˾
ΪФ˰ڰ֣ҸպǣӵҹϹģҪҶҽ
ŽĿֳΨһһϡ
ǻˣԺФ飬ƽ䶼ʮϣͻȻһʮͷˣһۿȥͻأۡ
λ˼õˡҶһ߽Һ΢΢Ǹ
ҶҽˣҲΪǺǱͣǻǶġ˿ڵ漴һƬ֮
ĵ籨һЩ˾ѾҶһص˸׳ˣλҶҽȻͲ󣬵ЩͷóһֵصģοҪԶƽ򣬵һ㣬ֵڳ˵ˡ
ҶһضЦЦֱ˵ؽ⣬ҵĽ飬ҶӦÿˣǽõǳİ汾ҹµģҿԿһ¡˽飬⼸ĸҽԺƲ档
ҶһؽϵݸԱȻھ
ڳ˶˾Фĳ־Ȼ׽Ǳߵ˼ˣŵǵĻ鿪꣬ص԰칫ңյǱߵĵ籨ˡ
˵ףҶһصǷݺ˵ǽ鲻ķָϵĲԼ귽Ļظ籨ʱ򣬻ǲզ࣬׼ÿ湻ϸġ
˿һۻظ籨ʱ䣬˲λҶҽٵԭأ֪ۣ˵һ磬һҲ۲λֱзˡ
ݺǸҽԺƱ棬ԽԽľݱƴҹϵҽԺͬģΪæǰѸҽԺ׵ϸóˣֻΪЩ֪߲ǳڡƽ£ҲֹǶСׯ£ǹϵڵкĴ¡
Ҳõ˶µͳݣλͬҲԴһ¡Ҳ˳ƽԼͷ˳
ֻõ˴صĺֽֽĦ죬ЩڽӴ鹤ĲŻãƩţصıǶڿģ׼ǸڲſⴥĿĵݲɴӹͷһ˿
⡭ôɢˣվ֣Ƿôģһʮʮٵģһ˻˵һ룬Ȼֹ뵽˸ոǷҽԺƲ棬ϵĺë
ûУûдģǻ֪ˣλҶҽڽдģϸֳʹٶʱ䣬һӿͲ
׶已̥ڴִǰǺͨûʲô𣬳ڡƽǰǺҲˣѵϼҴ뿪ɡ
Ϸ¹棬Ǿ޴Ļһת
Ҫ޷㣬һƺͰֽѾȾĲˡ̶ȥŬ֢ͻϣεжȲˣֺ͸Ҫ񣬲ֱܴؽȾĺδȾֿҪؽͬĸׯﲢиȾĲˣʵδȾĴģͬʱҲҪ۲ʱĴתƳȥȻⷽĹһԼȥҪϵˣϣλܾ찲ź֡
ڶŲǸȾҽԺȡǲ˱ȻڣҪղصϣղվģ˿ղİ취һҼһţͬʱҪӸҽԺ֣֢״Щ֣صŲǵļԼнӴߣȡ̵ʱڶסӵơ
Ųǲ벻ڵϣѾ˵һҵõ˻ظͬ⺼ǹǰô̶ȼڿֻţǾҪλȺȺˡ
Աһһεˮüͷ壬࣬ȵʱ˲ŻȻ־ȻѾˡ
ˣҵϸϻȥøᡣ
ʳûзҶԸһڣͻȥ׼վ֣һɣˣôһ£
á
ҶҽˣǱһᾡ찲ŵģԺһ߰ɣǿᣬҪ
Ҷҽᣬʮ㰡¾ֱӸ˵ȫȨϡ
Ҷҽ
Ҷҽ
Ҷһصͺڳ˶ӵͲ࣬˿ɶ˷ݳİݣټһĵǺʵ
˴Ҵ뿪ܿʣҶһһˣҶҽֿ̧˿Լϵֱʮһ֣ǲʲôˣ


224 
ͬʱҶ
裬ҪðҪȥȥ棬ҶСԼˣʱ쵽ˡҶ볶µӲҡΣǲ͵ɫ
ƳҶһۣͷضҶ˵ٵһȣܿˣһᡣ
ҶԣﲻҲʲô㣬ҼûҪȥ棬ȥ档˵߸ɺ
˺ˣȳȥɣضػסڼģֵʲôʱˣټҲһԴҶһߺҶͳ̫̫ΨһӣұҶһص󰲾ҶСû֣Ȼ˼ǵϲ
ҶҶ̫̫ţңȱݣҵҲﵱۣôҶȻȫСĸԡ
Ȼ̫̫ĻһڣСҶүϵı̶ת磬лл̡ǰ˱Ҷ̫̫Ȼһڵһȥ
̫̫Ȼʮӵ׽⺢ӡ
ϡſڴŮӵʹ̫̫˵ָһϵЦݱмֽӲ
ȻʱһС˿ܽҶ˵̫̫ү̫̫ҶС԰λˡ
ضҶ뿪ǰסҶ԰Ӷǲ֪ôƺʱ԰ָض
ſƺִСӵĿվ첽ſȥҶ̫̫ҶԵɫҲЩãҲټߡ
ͣҲˣͿ˰ɣ꣬棬ڳ֪Ҳָѧڣײ˵ǸǻĵҶү֪ɡҶ浽ضתͷҶɫ
ո󿴵Ҳȫǹˣضһ·ܹ·ͽƿӶǴҲϰˣλСүܵ÷ɿ죬Ҳضù˸š
ҶֱţǰֻСţһһͷȥײҶһֻţҶ浿ɲס󲱾ϵ·
ҶԱߵӶǸæܹӶϳҶ浵ģ״һʱЩԥֹԼòǰ
浽ˣСӼƽˡضոƳŵأΪǡǶʽԵʣƸһƬʱȴû׷˼ЩȰοŮϽ˷
ҶƲƲ죬ûؿڵǴ󷽡˵ţҪ˷ȻʱºҶԵѾ߳˴ãߵԺ
Ҷʲôܷܵ£ҶԿǰһĻɫһӱúڳȵ
ҶЦһҲ磬Ϊĸ˿ɽֵø׵СԱӶ˻һЦҵ֪ҶĴ֮ǺôҲԶҶҵСүƵҰ裬ȴһǸĻûУ󰮼ƽϵĿˡҶǴ˶𣿡
Ҷ浴ҶһصĴ򵽣νСүݻҶίԼʶһ㣬Լλɿˣٻܰڰڿ˵ļӡ
Ҷ浣Ҷ˵Ҿ͸˵˵õ㵽ڶ˲٣óװڴŵǣʲôҶһأأ
ҶԵĻҶһͣһʱӲϻҶһظиҪȥ׼һ£һһطͲˣȻ˽һ룬ضҶҵȶûеȵ˻ۿʱ䲻ˣǰ̨˻ҴҸϵҶҡ
ضʱ£ġҶ浵
Ҷɫ࣬촽һֱߣһֱ˦ȥ
Ҷ̫̫ûЩʧҶҶ浳ֽѵҶҲЩҶ浺ضҡҡͷȻˣҲվſڣȥɣ׼˵ģȵڶӣϳԸԲ
±Ҷ룬Ҷ浵˵ͷȴ˿ûض˼ŶӸҶԺ̫̫÷ȥ
ҶκʧضһۣҪصҶңαء
ض죬Ҷͺ˸ƵģҶ浶ЩϰˣҲ߽˴á
Ҷҵôͳʽãǰһǳ˼Ȼ󱰣̫̫ǰλˣȻºҶԷֱңӶǷֱҶ浺ض£Ҷߵڶλضĩλ
Ҷüͷ΢壬ضȻˡ
ضʲôҪ˺Ƕ֪żҵģ٩˵Ǹżүӡ¾ֵλվֳлҽԺԺһȥԵķضԶϺôǳϹϵģҶ̫̫Ҷ浺ض̲סʵ
٩ػʱҶֱ̫̫ԼĶ䣬ҽ˵ãܸӣһ˼룬ܾ⵱򵱵ٺãҲ߶鵱ٵҶһط´ĹʲôʲҽЩġ
һվоʿũ̵Ͼʱ˵ǽԸʶ䡣
仯ҲҶ룬̫̫˽ţãԺֵҲʲôִ٩˵ûӵҶһأ˱үӺˣ̫̫ЩͿˣżںǵĵλǲö˵˵˺ǲ꣬ȻһֳʵȨ
ȥվӣ٩Ƕ䷢ģ̫̫ǾԲֻġ
Ҷ浿ضһۣƽŵŮȫһԱһֻÿڵضϴǵʱɣվ֣ᡭҶ˵˶٣ɿһͰضһѽãЩϵ飬ԲŻӡ
̫̫üͷԽˣضʲôϵ飬λȨأɲôãٽúãүǱߣԳġ
ҶԳ˳ǣû˵
ʱӷ죬Ҷɫƺ֣̫̫Ҳ¶˲ɫȫֻ˵ͷϵҶضҶ浽ʱӶ˴ˡ
Ҷ浶ڵܵܲҶӵ¸оͦʹ죬֪ҲˣضԱʱʱһԼϵıЩؿ档
ʱضǧεڳ˴ſڣһСҶһߣߵſڵʱЦǺǵض˵һүˡ
һ䣬̫̫¶ЦæվҶɫЩѿɻЩһֱͷ̧ͷͦñֱһսʿ
ضˡض˵ĵһ仰ô£ôôá
Ҷһؿ˿Լϵı˱ǸЦЦ˼һᣬǳǸ΢΢Ƿ
̫̫ԼӻʮϲģǰסҶһص֣˾ͺã˾ͺãȻ̻Ϊʲôأãţүȥø¯
ԱվŵѾӦһҴȥ
ѽǳӲ˾Ͳ֪żˣ˵ϻǣȻſˣôͲ֪ؼأСûĵġ
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صһֱۣժô־룡
߸ĴǿЩƷǻȸԾ黹һĿնĮƺһ߽ôССһط硣
ոǸ˵ҽҩƷ˵ǰŹȻǵļ˾ͶҲûл͵͵ȥǸνľε뿴Լ˵Ȼʱƽʱֶȶһĺӿ޵ᣬżĲ˵ͳ˳ȥ
ԣڣǲˣҲˡ
ҶһڿϣߣӸµλʹؿԶׯһƮİ׷ԼǰǾͿնҶһһƿȥ
ҽԺдҶߺͻ߼ɡҶһضԪ˵
Ԫһ㶣ҶһΪʲôȻôҶ岢ǼƻеĵһվԭȵļƻʱӦҹһһҪʱҽԺʰȻ󾡿콫ǸúûеļªĲ˽չ
Ȼһǹı˳нķҶһغͷصķľԱʹͻ
ʱ򡶸溼Ǿ顷ճƪ³ЧõþˣжϰգǵĹԱǶҸжһѣȫڼ־ɳҪס顣ֳ¾־ԱԸȾտǹţǰںķѵѪɾͶ׷ˡ
Ź˸䣬ͷʱʱӦ÷սپƺþ棬ҶҽôԼҲȥأôҶߺͻ߼
ɣҽͻߡ߼֮κҪģôʮӵʱ䡣Ҷһؼ
Ԫ˳ҶһصĿȥһ˫˫㯶նһ飬˲ҶһصĻٴӳͬʱк˺Ͳ˼
ϴOO@@죬ʱһһİ״Ӵӿ
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ҽƶСʿֻʮ꣬ʹȫ¶ʵʵģֻ¶ֻ۾СǸƬѹֵļעһ˿
ҶһߵǰԷصӣҽȥһ°ɡ
ԣҡͷⲻУҶҽʲôԸȥߣЩҲôƣðˡ
ȻҶһҡҡͷҽͲˡ˼£ôñ˴͡鷳ˡʮòͿ̬ȷʵᶨǳ
죬ջǰ԰ῪһľƾߣϾο߹ȫȨҶһظйؿ߷ϣλҶҽġ
Ҷһ̧ȿߣһĻ³İ״ǣҽǻʿǶظҶһ߽Ƭ˵бϸȾء
Ǽɵ㶵ؿȺİ״ǣʮˣͳһƷǸոǸſֵİСİ״ӵǸСŮ
˼λܰĶȷҶһأԭϺúҽԺȻҽҵͬǣӽ쿪ʼǻפʱҽԺΪҵṩơҶһص
㿴ңҿ㣬ƺҶһ˵Щʲô
Ȼһ״˵ԪͣҽԺΣӽ쿪ʼҲפʱҽԺΪҵṩơ
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ҽǻҽԺڿƻʿҴӽ쿪ʼҲפʱҽԺһŬչ˺ôҵģָ̡
˵꣬ԱߵĻʿݺݵһۣô˵ģǲ˼ǲˣⲻ˼
ԣһȻһڴæϹ˵ԲǽģһЦ
ǰ״Ц漴ԶĴƺҲȾˣһϲԾ¶ЦԶһĴ½ųӸովԱǵĻڵĺЦĴѾ̫ûЦˡ
λлֽ𣿡Ҷһؿһڴ񣬿ʵ
ǶȺ״Ȼû˸ոǰǿҵų⡣
ӻᣬӶ顣Ⱥ˵
еĴ˵ĲǱˣǸոձԱһǹŵùڵϵˣЩηؿҶһأҶһߵߣһݺձ׶ɡ
ӿҶһһۣ漴ЩɵشнӹձһĿʮеɨֽ漴۾һȻ״Ʒش󺰵оˣоˣûбҲõˣ
ؽӦǼԲ֮ʣȻߺУ·µٺǣ֮ء鲢ïʶš
ûд֣󣬿յϾۼĴԽԽ࣬ʱ廹ŵ˶ߵ˿յϡ
šҺǸҽҩʳӯҲ¶ĲϧһУѣԶΪҪ
šΪʮ򺼳֮ǣ΢҄ͬģŽᣬı
ʹĵתͷʶˣ㵸˸߲ҵؽͣȻҶһؿЩ˵۾񱻵ȼһһһ
һʮͷ׷ɳƵĺǻʵҽ
ǣǡ״ͬشûָӣûйҪȥ뻮һնͬʱ˵һ˵ƺ
ߵģ
ǣǡ
ƺ˳һſǻԹô
Ҷһ˭˵ֻöһڴԲ𰡣ǳٵˡ
ķغһھԱźһӻ壬ȵ΢΢ͣǸдӵһһضš溼Ǿ顷߿ޱ߶ǸСʿƺڸ˽ոһʱ죬ʵǻʿҽ
߻ڣ׷ϿƮɫôѹˡ
Ҷҽظ̾
ֻԶҽۣ龳˶Ϊߣ߼ˣȻʮֱ׼̬ȥԴһڷеİ
üͷתͷȥ񣬡֡Ŷᴦ


229 
ӻ֣־ͺãƺܿòˡ
һе˼׺ܶ鲻ʵģֻܵͷ˵ҡ
ϺĸԭҲ£˶⹧
ȻǶˣȰĿֺͷ˰ɡҶһشӾ߳ߵߵ۾¶һ˿Цˣ硣
Щ¾õˣ˸ʱϵĻ𳵡
۵Щڣͦñֱϸǰҹˡ
Ҷҽ¶һ˿Ǵʱ˿̣ܺ˵䣬ֻܸͣɰͰ͵صȥϢһ£æȥ㡣
ЦһҶҽɲǸӸģùңȥæ
Ҷһصͷת򷽺أ
ȻعʶͦӦһǣӦŷӦǰվŵĲҶҽ
λ꺺ټغ΢΢漴첽򿨳ڵСܶȥ϶Ǿѹ̫˵ӶЩˣȻᴦҶҽĶԻһϷ޵ļӸУػһ£Լ没ˡ
ָųϵľԱʰԵľԱͬ°߽ɿǰľƾῪס滹зͿ֣ʱͶѳһСɽ
ԶĴ񿴵ĳOO@@ۿЩ¶ϲɫûӽˮûбе1933꣬ʳ̶Ǻ˲ġ
Ҷһغ͹ʵľԱһ˶һǩյǩ֡
û⡣Ҷһص
ھԱͷǩյҶһص΢΢Ϲ󣬿첽򾯽ȥ
ڶصķ߹ҶһءƴԼҽƶӵһȷշһŲ飬ƣضϴ;
𺼳ķΧСҲٻȫһһŲ飬Ϊ˽ʹĽģ˫ԿգǴҽ;Ա飬Ų鲢ʡ
ҴŲ飬ʣµȹȥʱҽԺҪˣûûú߳ŲȥġҶһתͷԪ͵
Ԫ͵ͷУȥһ忴Ȼȥ㿴ûҲѲ˶ӹ
жٲˡ
ֹ磬ʮ
ҶһسĬƬ̣ϵҽƴģǵðʮ˷ſãҩһ취ҩţȾϣġҶһص
Ԫͼѵصͷ׵ģҶҽ
Ԫʹż״ӿ뿪ҶһתͷԶŲ뿪Ĵ
Ƶİ״ӿд̲סʵҽǸǵģ
Ҷһ¶º͵Цԣǵġǻһ˿ڷ֣ȸԻȥòáǿͨģڴֵؾۼһ˴ϸͷǳɴģȾϾŷš
㿴ңҿ㣬ոͷҪߵĴ۾һգգضҶһأȻڵǻչ˺öţɣ
ţҶһ¶һ˿ɻĿԱ˽龭ľԱæǰţĺӣ쿪ʼգŻµʱǵǿƴˡ
ҶһصͷתͷոտڵǸǸԱ߻վһͷЩϵŮӣҲýڼĿ⿴
ǻչ˺öţģǽͻᾡѸĲתƵһʱҽԺҵͬѾȥˣʱҽԺѡõһõĴãˮе磬úҽԱᾡȫλߡ
˵ҶһһԼ˵ı׼ǵ˼Ų鹤Լǰ֪ҶҽԵø
Ǳں̣ܶһȾһͻᷢҲᳬʮ죬֢״ԲȷĲǶᵥ룬ȷͳһ㣬ԴҲõ
ͷȻʮǰλҶҽºͶĵĻ߬ųͷһҶҽ㣬ţˡ
ˣҽģظңۼˡ
ԣȥʣǼҺӺþûˡ
ͷӵĻһ˲ӦʱյۼĴɢ˸⡣
վھԱߵľԱɸ̾۶ǹһ磬û˼ҽ仰ã˵Ϊɶ
Ϊɶ㿴Լٿ˼Ҷҽҽѧһֵλʲô鶼ⱲӶǲģȴһվƾһ㣬Ҷҽ˵ʮģҲš
ԱԲɽĿ䵽ԶڷҶһϣƽѱˣж¶𾴵ɫ
С⣬ĻǼǲĶˣȥҶҽԶ
ոտڸ̾ľԱæӦǡ漴кͬһ𣬿Ҷһصķȥ
Ԫʹһ˺󣬰ҶһڻʣĸҽĸҽĸֱĸСӣƬֱŲ顣
ΪʿŲ鹤ʡ˲Ϊǰ˿ȡʣһ񼸺û˿ڶҶһشŻľԱһҼŲŲĽľ
壬ڣ˿һɰ룬ƽ˼ҾһΪ߶
ûûûߣҪץңҪץҡһɢͷץԼҵżԸ֡
龰Ų洦ɼǽǰ飬İǲţǸոЩ״һ߸Ƿַһϸ˵Σͷΰ취żſһ׷˶ǻµġ
ܾǼ״Ӳƭǣ˲ȥǸνʱҽԺǻµġ
Ļ˼ңĸСһ̲ͣȵȫŲϣѾϾŵˣŲֶ˶ʮŸƲһŲͶʱ֮һĲˣԲһͷ
δŲ˿ڱ࣬ҽľۼֻᴫȾˣеҩ֧ôಡ˶ʱ䣬˳ĬظֵͲߡ
ӶнӴߣŲ鹤µһֱȥһʮˣһٶŲ˻ҪŲ鹤
Ҳ˭Ǵ״أҶ֪Լôģôͱҽѧרҵء
Сҽͷ߱˵ţû·ƣΨһĹԴǰλԱеֵͲ
ףǱй⣬ͦѽǵÿÿſڶеǾͲߵôˡСҽ˵
һ꼶ԴľԱԻͷ˵ǧҽ֪Ķ
״úĿ⿴λԴľԱԳֵǴãСׯûмʱ أ׵ǸǱõģɱ࿴
СҽԻһ飬˲䲻ٿˣҶһȴȻһ׵ڵĵطתͷʾԱΪȥĴʬ壬𣿡


230 
ҶһصظϵʱһĸҲܹĵؽš
豸Сĵ㣬ⶼǽģԺҪģǿⲻ𡣡
ʱҲͱ˽ˣпװӣӷģмһһŮҪõʱŪ
ԪͿȣٿԼϵıüͷԽԽŵˣʮŴûŪ룬ôѲתƹ
վڴߣԪѾıϷĶ콵ֻҪһһ꣬¾ܴϱ£ǴŴް￪С̫ԪͻǾڲԼꡣ
ҽҶҽˡſڴʿСŵ
ԪԸæſߣߵſڵʱҶһغص˴ſڿ첽߽
ҶҽᴦԪͿ첽ӭȥ
һһ㣬ٴһյ·ƣɱСһյ·ƣ·ƿǵƣ1933ĵǰմģԺΪһȵ0.3Ԫ90ң൱һȵһٿ飬ʱѾˣǼ˼ҲϵݳƷ
Ҷһһһںͷ˵£ߵĲԭ߸˾ϸĴǿ¶ڶʬ4-5֮ãʱׯͣʬϰߣ߻ʱׯͣʬǾһλεĳȾԴ
𻯣Ҷҽⲻܵģ˵ϰˣҶܲˣۻ˵ǴҰصʮ࣬ǿô϶ͻġ
Ҷһüͷһ֣ˣˣ𻯶ʱ˵һɽܵ飬жʬ壿
ûȥǰӸʱ·߶ʬ壬ͳһŵˣľڲ£ֻвϯӱ˵ҲЩꡣ
񲻵⿿ãܻ𻯾񣬲ܾšҶһص
ʶؿһۣĿϣһݣ̿ڵҶҽ취һᾡ촦á
ҶһصͷŲ黹Ǹ룬ĹΪеĸȾԴʬѻһ𣬾һ¶ĴĸȾԴסеĹ׷ѣǵҪ֮£ؾ졣
ģˡ֣ص
ʱԪҲߵ˸ǰĿ䵽ӿ߻ߺ¶ЦҶҽЩ
ŲƲʮˣǷֱڻϰ̣ƣɫӣλˣ֢ˣת𣿡Ҷһʵ
Ԫ¶ɬıǼѴеľ嶼ˣǲһѾɣδȷﲡĸ뷿Ҳ䣬Ҫȫ׼ã²̫ܡ
һĴõƻͨһΨһһÿ䶼ܹĽźްſ׵˽
ȰЩ֢Ʋ룬ͳһ⡣
Щ˶Ҫ˿֣֮䱣һϵľ룬ҶһغԪ͵Ĵ߽ڸĴãһ߽ã˾ûһůϵĺ˼֡
ҶҽҽѾ˰߻û׼ãһˣȥñӣСŻʿ߽һȺˣæϵĹкͬһȥᱻӡ
ĵƹ⣬˵ͳһľ崲ʹҽԺеˮζһ·Ĵ񿴵ǰĳķҽûƭǣЩΪǵŬ
ҽѾܺˣۼﻹůͣӾ˯ġд̲ס˵
Ҷһ򴽣ѾһƬˣµ½ԣƬ̣ͻ᲻Ծ˵߻ûȫãѾûˮûúʱ̫ˡ
ҶһسƬ̣ܵˣȥʱĲתƹﲻãռ񷿣ʱ˲ôˡҽҽҽǸһһˣСӻжǵֳѻá
СĻʿһŴԸæееģ׼˺ܶ࣬ȥã
ʮ㣬һһʻ幫ʱʻȥ
ʱѹֵÿ£谵Ŀռֻһںڰҡҷ˷ĿƺҪѷζҪȳʱʱ˷Żһ˵Ĺζ
СҡˡɳƵдžһظţ߶ˣȴûһ˻ӦĲԶһȼ򷢳΢Ĺ⣬ţŵȵȼʱҲҪټ˰ɡ
ʱҽģ鱬ʱȻţùҽѧˣҽȻ֪ߵĿ£һʱҪ취סƴΪ׵ҽѸ֯ҽƶӲ˵潫ߵĲǿƸ롣
ҽǵǺõģǲ˰ΣƱ꣬ƾһأǲĺڲʹø˲˺ҽǹͬجΡ
ʱһֿʱĽģûˮûúֻССļ˽ʳﲹٵĿҩƣûκ֧֡
ɸΪ֮ҽҲֻؿŲһ̶֢֢̰²ʱ䣬ֿⲻԶСɽϾѾ˲Ĺ
вҽʼ£ʼӱܣʼǵ˵ҪǿƸǲȷġ
ֿĿԽˣǸʼѵͣŬͺŻǵĿ뿪̫ˣÿ˶ֻһıӣѾԽԽˣ֮ģģƺ˹⣬Щˡ
ǿһΣǽҪظȾִ׿ڰӺñмҲڻȥǰ۾ȥ࣬ûСҶһһζرæʿ;Աǣȱ֪ʶر׺Сϸڡ
ǼȷԱʿǱͦñֱˡ
ǰƴ۵Ĺ;ڷϢҽǣҽǰֿԱϢæһ죬ս˯ȴִд۵ĵƹҽȻһǵѾһˣûе绰ûе籨ΨһϢԴÿЩߵľԱǽʱ˵˵ǲ֪⼸Ϣ
һЩԱȻóӽˣϵĿɲǲʣܣҳȥһʮҵҽ˵ŴӴʼ·
Ҷҽʱˣû磬ֻȥҽкɡڸִڵľԱҶһ˵


231 
顱ſ𼱴ٵ
ҽմް˫ֺ£һ漴ִֻ˴꣬׺Ϳ֣ſȥˡ
Ŵ򿪣ĺʹҽСʲôˣôг͸Ļ𣿡ҽţִڵľԱɰ
ΪСľԱæҽҽҲɣ˹˵ҪѲתƵһȥҽ;ԱѾſˡ
ҽԼֱԼĶ䣬תƣȷôôͻȻ㣿Ǹûյ֪ͨҽ٣ʵңҪʲô
Ӱ룬ΪķӦʵ̫ʧˣ㣬ԸصļҽǴһЩʣûκε֧֣տʼʱ򻹻ˮٽЩˮĴԽԽ١
ǰֿ࣬ԱҲиˮŲڶһܶ࣬ͻȻҹ˼󿨳˵ҪתƲˣǸ˶ỳɴеΡ
Сҽģһһ㶣漴̷ӦȻʧЦҽʲôءҽƶӣ
Ҷҽ֪İɣǸܰ˶˵ָҽӺǱֽǵضţϹ˵־ġŶлҽԺΣҲڣͷأһȥ
һΰͷ£ߵ˶֪ˣǱдˡ溼Ǿ顷ֽϷţø
ӰС۾һһϣ˵һʲô飬𾪡ϲȴֲţΪ⺮֫עѪʼָģЩϸϸǵʹ
ҶҽˣӰоԼ촽ɵܣµҪѵ촽΢΢Щ
СЦŵͷԣˣ˾ſأƭҽ
СĻû˵꣬ӰѾȲ˳ȥҵţѪҺŷӿ֫ٺʲôءһըţԽԽ졣
ҽȵѽСؿããҹɫеӰȻƽҽͦһ˰СԴҲȥ
ûо־ǺӰڵĸоģǼˮ˿һľҪŬȥץסľסֻǰװ׸һ
ˣЩ۵ǰƣˣԶӲ˵
Ӧܰ嶼Ųһ飬κȱĵطǱߵĸȾԱ²٣ѵʰ
ҹϹҪʰģȻⲨ˴ȥ벻׿ɾͺİ컵ˡ
ҶһغԪ͵ţȻ󣬵ΪΧ̫ˣǵӰĶ
Ҷһ̧֣ųǰƵĹ⿴˿ԼϵıʮˣˣԼȥ
Ԫ͵ͷͬʱתͷкҽ׼
ҶҽΣ
ҪԼȥʱһŲӲԶҶһغԪתͷȥֻһްſ״ӵ첽
ҶһһӰĴͲµݣƴֹһκԷ֯ǰؿߵҽƶӡǲùʣΪ棬ƾһǻ¾ˮúûеĵط
ҶһؿǰЩǱ״Ӻ׿ֶɸɾҽвһɾ壬ãҽɣʵڲ˼ҹǡ
Ӱæҡͷ˵ﻰʶң
ԺҽҶλҲǷǳ塣ҶһسϿҵ
ӰЦ壿ҶҽΣ˵ҲЦٲǿ¾ҪֲȥˣǾ˰Ǹʲôˡ
ӰһɬֿŲһ˥ȥԼȴʲôˣÿ춼ĥӰԸ֧Ԯҽ
ң˵ЩĵĻС˵ҪѸĲתߣתƵģô𣿡Ӱе
ȻѾҹһĴתˣһĴѾĳʱҽԺǰضȡжȡȺƣ˲ͬĸҪΪҽԱޣҽٲ˶࣬ƺ͹Ҷһص
ãӰţ漴ͷԶԶԣЧʣҲ̶ȽԼҩԴôû뵽ء
ӰĿɨվİ״ǣ궯ƽɣҹҲʱˣھ͹ȥɣ̫ˣұڵҪˣǸôȥء
ӰҶһһ㷽ȥ߱Ҷһص˽ܸ
ʵ̫ªˣǴҽܾѾùˣȻһ״ӣÿҲֻиǷԵģȵģʱԲԼһ·ҺˣҺˡӰظ仰򵥵һ仰޾ĿɬΡ
ҶһڵҽԱһʱ޷һְҵһĹһİ״ӣӰʱĸܡ
ҲҺȥˡĬãҶһؿڴ˳Ĭ
Ӱ۾һ˲ɬԣҺãҼˡˣǰͷ͵ˣҶҽתʲôغͽЩӲת˻⡣
ת֮ǰҪ򵥵Ļ֣ߴ֢ߴжȣߴ֢򵥻ֺ͸ͬĸ
ֵͲһһǳʱĲֿȥƮ˼ϸѩĴ˵գʱ˰״ӵļϾͽȾһʪ⡣
ʻĶ˲˵ע⣬ǸҽִھԱǣֿﴰߵĲҲ͵͵Ŵ⿴
ֵͲĹںڰԵøۣϽʵ̫ˣôಡھۼһռû˯ǴߵĲˣȻǸԽԽ࣬ǵĿʶֵͲķƶ
ˡӰͣ˽Ų
Ҷһ³һתͷټһһ飬ȥôܶժ֣ף۾ϣұԼ
õģҶҽͬʱ
߰˸һ𺰵ڼžҹɫԵø
ҶһֵͲԱȾ޴ľͷŴ򿪣һֺ̨ȻͬĸܣʱΡءͱֵͲĵƹһմųģľʹ˷Ŀ
ֿĲ˼û˯ǵĿֱ㶵ضҶһأ׼ȷ˵ĶҶһصеֵͲĿֱӣƺ۾ܴĿĹӰ졣
Ҷû˯ɣ˯˵Ҳ鷳һѣ̫ˣϾҪˣǽתƵһʱҽԺúˮе磬ҵܺùܶࡣӰΪҽȿ˵
ûлӦûиOO@@̫̫ˣ鶼û
СʿȻۣǼǵҶҽ˵Ļ۷ʲô۾ֻ̧ͷŬס۽ǵʪ⡣
ҶһĿɨһڲˣ³һʼɡ
ҶһԪͼҽԱ˵ͷ漴Էֿ
ȣ٣Ѫѹ½
ʹԣβʪ֢״ˣ
һܣûж񻯵Ļϣܴ󣬻

Ĳֿؼ˰ʮˣͲ֮ķ϶ʱһͨĲ˴˯Ҳľ壬ֿûвЩжĲ߽ŵһйζ
Ҷһһδ没顣
һ
𣿡
Ҷһؼһֻʿǰȥһ˵Ļ˵ƺ˯̫ˣʿҡ¶ûҡѡ
ʿһλֱ֣ش¡
Ҷҽˡ


232 
ҶһӾĶԼĪһӣջ֣ҡҡͷ
ִڵľԱǳǰֱľͻѸ˴ȥ
ڳפҽ;Ա˵İ¹ģرҽͻʿ˵ȴǼ𺳡
ԪڵҽԱʶֹͣϵĶĿԱʬֿſ̧ȥ
ʬ÷ߴǼҶһ΢΢վֱ壬
һˣ飬ѯʡ

ŶáһָղǸĻʿӣ没˰ϻ
СҪޣһģѣֻǽģԵĻߵʱǵøһӡϵûʿϵϻ˵
һڣƺڵĳĬգ˽ӿڵӣһҪأбȸҸǸǣˣҸһ飬һҲС
ϱզ죿
˵Ļ䣬ֿǼЦȻһҵĿԡ
Ҫøӡԣһ㡣ҶһضĴ˵ı
ҽ豸ҩﰲúúʱҽԺĸͲҪ̫רҵԱˣһδ󲿷ҽԱ˸תƲˣҽʿֹٶҲǼģﵽ֮һʱҶһصѿſȰ֢һȥ
õģҶҽԱæ˵Ϳ˳ȥ
ʱֿʹ˿ʻ죬ֿٴα򿪣һӾԱŵ˽ϵߵתƣעⱣů
ֿſڣԱֵͲŲֿţĿϷһӡ
һӱӣˣ
Լ߲
͸ոսֻһҶһص˽ͬһβֿŴ򿪣ſǱǰյôԺӣֿԭ˻Ժһ÷÷ϣԴɫ÷Ŵ̹ǵʿƮ˲ֿ
һܺһͬ߳ţֿĲһʵС
Ŀ뿪ˣһͷŮӳľ۾ֱؿŲֿſڵǿ÷Ŀ뿪ˡ
תƲ˵ĹɵؽţĲԵø߶߶˵Ǽ£ӣŮĸиڰĹƺ˶עһĶ
ͬʱŷٶȵļӿ죬ҽԱǷ˸ҹԶ뿪Ĳˣܶв֡
ⲡܶһʼŲˣر¶һһԺÿεڶҪ̧ȥ١Ӱ
ⳡԳ֮ΪֵļǰҽСҶһ󲻵ǰҽһֲĵ˵ģ죬ȾǿѸʸߣûж֢ҩҽƺֻǿ־룬Ͽ֣ṩҩ
ԼĲһ뿪ԼȴΪÿһ״˵һĥ
Щڷǰǲٴ֢ԣҶһһ˵ķֱʵ
Ӱ˼Ƭ̵ûпٱ߻ߵķʵǸʱ򣬴˾Ѿзļˣôһ˵ȷʵǻоҿԣʹѣǵķȴûٴֵ֢ô
Ҷһصͷηз֣ϴϺֵ߻߲ͬκǵĴ󲿷ֻ߶Ƿߣ߸Ⱦǿ֢չѸ٣ھͻ˥ߣ˵һչ֢׶Σʱûҩҽεġ
һ㲢Զֻû·ƣþЩȵҽԱ;ԱһϳѾ΢΢ˡ
ҶһɵתƲ˵ͬʱһ߾ķͣѾϰտе黰⣬Ǻǣȫͨ˱߿ӵϢϣطӣ
Ҷһָͨ洫ȫǹʿӰǵģٷֽҶһǼͷδ飬˵ԭҶһҽѧһֻҵ˵˵ôڼȫն֪ôһܳҽ
ͷһͷΣҽˮƽЩҽҪߣһʱܺһ¸صĴҽơ
֣ҶҽĻҹʿ˫ҶҲҺǵ壬ҶֵԴ̣нյĹʿ˫ҶһλͱͬΧ
ƽ۸ڶͬżûд쵼ʮغк˵˵СҲСյ˼ҾôЩЩԭ˵˼Ҳ֪˼Ҳ⡣
ҶһͻպգһȻǲزסˣ⼸գҶһءҶ浺ҶҵĹϵҶԺضǰ¶ںνġ塱ҶԵ걻Ϊ֮Ϊ֮ʵġۡһ׵׵Ц
һӦ֮⣬Ӧ֮⡣Ҷ¶ǿЦݣӦͬǵ󣬷ɿ߽Լİ칫ҡ
ӹİóıֽƪҶһص¼˽ȫȨҶһΪ߸˵Ϣűֽþ
СʱӶӺĳٴЩŬֺҪϿɵĳ뿪ʱǺ㯶ּᶨԼǰλİòȴҶҽ
űֽҶһһվñֱĺڰƬδʶʧȥˡ
ҶȻ̱ڰ칫ϣס۾
Ҷ⼸յҲЩ죬Դض˦˺ݻ뿪Ӷ˼ûͣضĳҲ˻ֵظ˳߹ý泵ûʽþͱӭ㲻̫̫⼸Ӷ˼Ļ⡣
裬һؼҼ죬ֶӸնɩֲãӶչǲĵģһȥ֡¶̫̫˵
̫̫ڴϣŵüĿ£סµ֣°ûҶҵĵĸĴС¶⣬벻㰡
죬裬ģҲ̫õġ
̫̫µ֣Уȥɡ
»طʰ·߳ҶѵȺŵĳӻʻתͷɫϴġҶ֣³һ֪ʲôʱʼļҾ͸
ʻ뺼Ľֵϲſ⼸նǴų͸Ŵľ
ͣȻڵ
̫̫ͣ˾ػͷ
Ŀϲſڣԣ￿ͣ
˾˸λͣ£ְ߽ϲſڡ
ԣĲ㣬ĲûеĻģֱӵ棬ÿúú÷ˮϴһȻɣȻЧ᲻õġ
ϰģǮ
˼ŶֲģûӸֵ˲죬˼ŶŮЦǺǵ˵š
¿ض𣬺ȻЦˣǰŮ˺ӡǸӪӪļƵļСŮ˾ȻһˣʱͻܸıһУͺıߵĺǵһŮѧڳĬԵҶ̫̫Ҳͬһˡ
裬۾ãɡ
ֲʲôϸֶѣܵǰͷģΪ裬ҲܵӲǣʿ裬ʱ˵ھءض𽾰
Ҷ浣
Уʿ裬졣


233 
ԣֽ֮˵úãǺ֮ǣ߽ҽ͹ְԱ𣿵ȻǡԳɱɴٸŮڼҷף象нԵͼ¹ˡ
дߣҪǮƣΪ¹߷ƿ֣ŮˣοҵӺԣڴ˺ҵ־ӦأΪ߹һԼ
Ǵѧ⣬һʮͷվѧſڣһűֽ
նڼҹȰ͹κιҶȲ˵ģǧĻѬô󲿷ֻ˽Һͼڸ֮ϣպī͵һƪƪ֣Ⱥѧȫˡ
أ
أ
ѧĺʹù·ƵƵĿ˵Ѫƺöĺ綼ôˡ
ιιιڸɶܾۼ֪һԾͺƷԱѧУſѧǼ״ЦһɢΪ飬¾ֵȫȨϣʹЩԱǳ˽ҽĳȺ壬ȺƷĿڱ˲١
ߣߣֱӱڱֽͶߵĻϣĹԱҲ˼Ѫһ׷ӧҪȥزɷһ߿ߡ
ѧͼǣһļϣһضȥ
ʱĶһ
һ˵ʱҽԺſڡ
ˣˡ
ʱҽԺſڣԱԶԶʻĿתͷҽԺ󺰵ʱȫװİ״ӾѸٴҽԺ˳
Ҷһشӳǰĳϲ¶ȵɫ
ô죬һϾʰˣһΪ컹ʰһءԪҶһ³һ³;˵Ҷһػûü˵Ļ
ֻһĴöѾ౻ʰˣſΪ˷㵣ܺƴĽľµҪ֪תƲˣҽԱ˴룬ֻʣǼҽʿͲľԱ˵Щ˾һҹ˯ҲѰĸ˵м仹ҪתƹĲˡ
ƫƫʵǰڲʱҽԺˣԭԺѷŵﶼȫ˳ȥʹԺɸĳ
ҪܵŮͯӲ˵ҽԱкţͬʱ˸ӷڿǰ档


ҽԱǿ׷شкҶһؿĳɸˣɸԿɲʲô糤ˣЩҽƶӵҲǺǸҽԺģ֪ݣҽƹߴһߣǼʹ֪ӦҲԵñϡ
ҶһɻǰЦſڵҶҽ㲻ΪҹأֻΪɡ
ϾЩڱ񡢺۵ҹѼ̶ͬȵĸʰˣ񷿺ʹ˽вƲܲͲķٲˣǵ˹ʲôá
ҶһؿѪ˿ǽһֱߣˣ㰾˼ˣϽҸطϢ£ǿ
ǽĹһһҹ꣬Ȼҹ𳵸ǣ˺Ǻ˼Сʱأط֣;ڳϵļСʱ죬ڳϵļСʱûϢʱ
ڰ֣֪ģ˸ԱϢҲʰˣ˵ң㿴Լڡ
ҶһؿȫѪ˿Ҷһֺγǡһû˯ͣظĶǺصķͿ֣ѣһϹȥҶҽ۵ҲѪ˿
ȰúòˣȥϢһᣬûãԼ͵ˡ
֪ԼҶһعȥϢҶһҲֻ˵˹ԱϢֶҴ뿪ָæµ
ҽȥϢϢϢһˣ˯ɣȥһȦҶһתͷԪ͵
ԪҡҡͷһŵסССȥϢɣڸôЩ죬ڣǺúûһ
ҽҽͷҡø죬λڸ˼죬ÿ˯ʱȴģ֮ǰǻ˯˺üСʱأ۾±ȰһһҹλҪǿö࣬ǿԼġЩ˱͵һµطϱȻЩǺǺôദСˣһҲðһ˵ġ
Ҷһԣֿ״ǣ˽ԱͦñֱһӵģҶһزȻʧЦˣ֪ˡٳСʱȻϢˣٰǻȥʱϸŰֲ׼Ӱࡣ
ʱҽԺ˲һƬЦ
ȫϺҽԱҲҪἰĸֳַҽԱһȷҪ˾ְԲܽ
֢ģʮռһˣ˴߲鷢չʮѸ٣ܶһ֢ΪԭԵʣ֢ʼǰٷְ١
ҶһؽӹҽԱݹĸϣЩࡣ
ȥ֢ɣƵģҲ󣬶ʹʺáСܲסĳġԪͳƬ̵
һһһְƣҽҪֳģһܱúãԺһ״ӣҪԷġ
Ҷһڸһ飬Ϊմªĸתƹ۵Ȼ֢Ĳ˶Ը˵仰
ҽŴѣ
죬죬
ûˡ
Ǿͺң
ססŹȥͺˣŹȥͺˣ
ɵ
ŬͣͺʿķѾǧٿףŬҲֻȥһƺȫûм⣬˫Ŀ³ʹţСʿһʱסҶһؿ첽ߵСʿߣӹеĺңѹ
ҽ۾ţסŹȥͺˣŹȥͺˡпҵ
¥ֻõҽ˻дźµĺ
ҽڶȫװ֢ģǳ˷Ϳ⣬ͷ˸ɫͷףͷ׵׶ϸڲϣֻֻ۾λãէǵİ޳
ֻ޳¿ֻȥ˻ҪȥȣҶһغԪ͵ҽж¶̺̾Ϣҽʮ߰꣬ӦǸձҵõͣºͽŵԣҪĳ棬Ҳֲʧ̬
Ҷһ̾һתͷոɵ㶷Щ֪Сʿֽʡ
ŶŶáСʿæҵؽͿڴһֱ֧ʵݸҶһء
ҶһؿǰҽЩ֣̾һڿƵİɡ
ҽҶһصĺȻһ̧ͷſİİ״վǰİ
ҶҶҽ
Ҷһؽĵײö죬΢΢ʲôҪʲô˵ҿ԰ȥ
ΪĲ۽һ˿˿ص˵ͷϣؿҶһء
ҡǡ˵仰ͻᴭҶһؾúҰֻСˡǮ׳ȢϱСж椣ļױﴲ£µģ
һһ˵üѣÿ˵һ֣еϲþͽϵ鴫˳տʼűģ˫Ŀͻ˵ֲһݰȻʹ顣
ҼˣǵúҸһ飬һ
ֻС󡭡Ҷһúǻ߸һ飬ţʱʱͷһʱϺȻһ˿˫ĿԲŬҪȥһ룬룬Ҷһر˱ۡ
ҽƶֻֻ̨֢һ̨֢չ˥ߵĵزǲصģûк£˶ҽ٣һ˶ʮСʱҡ
1021֣ҶһؽżԵֽͷ˺װԼ¿ڴһȥ
ߵһ룬ҶһͣסŲò᲻ص˵оĻдռ֮ģֵĻʿҽæ
ҽͻʿ˲Ҷһػе˼֪ˡҶҽ


234 
жȺȲ˵״ֺõö࣬ȫʶûΣգʱҽԺΪ֢Ҳȫ룬ѩӴɫĴãŽİ״ӺȻЦݵͬ飬һֽϣĶĵױŷ
Ҷһغ۾ڸոձĻҲ󣬰һżªİռŻõĲǼӣһҹİ״»һ·۾
еĲ˶ѾϣǱҲҽԱȥŲˣغͺڽŲ鹤ҲɵؽУŲĲ˶͵ߣԺҲ˸ҽԺ£߲ˡ
֢ж֢״ĲҽƽԺתر֢ˣϣǳߣڣһ붼֢ԪλҽʱĸܣмϢ
ҲΪʲôҰλеԭ򡣡Ҷһ۵Ѫ˿ͬǣһ״ӣҪһ·
Щ֢˥ߵĲˣҶһ侲غСҽ˵ɣҪȡᡣרҵǾģкԼһֱôΪȥ
ŲĹƽ¾ֺҽǽع鵽ǵıְβˡϣֻÿҵ뷨
Ҷһشʱһ·Ͼһֱ⣬Ѿ㽭˵籨жöٰѾеĻǰǣҲҪһܣҴӷصĵ籨㽭͹ĻǰޣԹЩˡ
һѪƷ1891ʱ¹ҽѧҰ׶ѾȬİ׺˵Ѫƹ׺֢˲óɹ1918деʱѪƷҲ֤ʵЧԴ˷ҵҲɳԽ
ҶһصĻһ䣬СĻͱҵһ۾дϵİ״رλҽҶһԪͺЩദգλҽʱ¡
˥߶ĲΪٵһ̻Ŭߵʱһ㶼άʹ˫ĿԲģһһײߣλҽʹϧľٵӱܣÿҹλأмѾǵجΡ
û취ûҩûΣԵ·ûУȻʱ˿̣Ϊָһ·
ѪƷҺ˵ǰѾߵѪǲǣãӰЩص
Ҷҽϸ˵˵ԭʲôЧж٣᲻ʲô֢ҽȻΪޣ˶ܽչǰȽҽѧ֪ʶǳְҵʳؼ⡣
Ҷһ֯һԣڵߣĲڻϸĿ壬ѪƷǽЩ˵ĿΪ뵽֢˵ڣǲϸ壬ӶҿЧ˶죬ϸѪӦĻϣǲСġ
˶ˣҶһػеĹؼǡͺϸ񡱡
һҪѪѪЧã
һ֢ҪߵʮṩѪģûѪҺȾģ60-80ĲˣЧѡ
ҶһصĻشڳİ״ǵһһ֢ҪߵʮṩѪȷͬʱбȽϸʱҪϿѹƷʽܹ㷺ƹ㿪
Ǳ߲һµ飬ȥѾ60-80ĲˡԪɥ
УһУȻ˵һ飬ʮ·ҾͽӴƲˣһУֻǲ֪һеģվڻⲽ壬ȱĵطǿȥʣôĺǣһҵõ
جΰİ£λҽظںڰǻһ˿ϣӣȻ˸ָ˵·ôȥŬȥƴһȥ
ԣǶϣˣ¥ϵô졣һԴҽ˵ΨһϣˣȻϣ͵õϣҿǴѧģҪЩСһɡ
Ҳμӻҽͼͨ죬ţ»մϰ״Ӳõܹл֢ߣȴ˴ʱļߴĸȾգ˷ܶ
ҶһؽʮСʱһƺɻЩʹǰ·ټѣܲһսġ
ǰһܹȾҩڡҽѧ־ϷйƱʽԭѰ󶼱ŷ޵ɫȾϵԭʹá
ҶһؾüȻѪƷˣûоҩʵĻǰҲʲôɽܵˣȻʱҽĽܶԶԶҶһص
ھʮ󣬷ɷ͸ƶȽȫҽƶйºƶȵıһ汣ҽͬʱҲסǳԵ
ͺñҶһأٳٲѻǰǫ̃ɨ䣬ǱʶΪûоҩʵҩǲܹӦٴϵģҽ͹ҲôʵرӦٴϣʱҽȻûôӵԻ·ǾüȻβȻҪãô˼ɡ
һڰ״ֺѾ˾˶䣬ȻǷҶҽ˵ĶǶ
˵ѪƷһڰ״л˶һ۰צģôǰ˵ȫǸȫµĶȾҩþһڰ״𶯡
Ⱦҩ򵥵֣ͨ˵ûʲôо˿ɶҽѧרҵҵģĸմϰ״ӵҲ֪ζʲô
ȾҽѧĵˣԺŵ˵ҳʮ߸ڸȾҶҽȻ˵ܿȾҩ
ñھʮ˶˵ư֢ҩһһӦȻǻģôܣοϼСİ֢ȾͨһӶܲ£صĻõİȥصõľһغ
1935ͳƽ35꣬100ʱ˾ȴһֹĹǻǰͿصȿȾҩķ֡
˵һ˻ͨҽ˵ĻĿ϶һƬмͳŪ˵⻰Ҷһأ1933꣬ͨѶĲϢʹûҽҽһäĿġ
֪飬ҽõأҶҽǵϹҶˣȫΧڶŵĴҽ
ˣ»̫˼ˡ
Ҷҽǲ⣬ȾҩЧжߣԪΪڳҶһϤˣͬǵߴ⡣
ҶһҲǼ˵ͬ鳢Իǰ˵ʮֳϿҿ϶֪ں֮ǰϺҲֹ߲ˣǴε߲ȷֵģ߻ϳԹҩЧܲΨһһѾ˥ߵñȽĲ⣬֢˶ɹ˻
ʵǻǰӦϣδûлȵϣź˵ʼҶһеһԶź
ﰲģֻõһڰ״Ϊſֶĺҽ֢о˵ϲУ΢곤ףǸлǰҩЧôһոµҽѧƪ£ҽѧոµ෢չʷǵǰµһҳ뵽Ԫ͵˵ĺɸ֡


235 
鼤ѪƷ⣬ǻǰ𺳣ʹ⼸߶Ϻϵƣһɨ⡣
һҵõھ͸Ʒ籨ͬаæǰƲһҵõлǰԭǴһң˶󣡡
ҲʶȾ̣üȾϵģҲ԰æʣǸʲôʲôϢ
˶Ϣ
ԣ˶Ϣ
һϣĿ꣬ͻͶ̶̰СʱϣĻЦ·ûвμӻҽԱһȻ
ſڴйɵ

ԪͶſӦһ䣬׷Ҷһػǰ飬ҶһҲʮĵػشţǰƱʵѣֻҪС
Ҷҽ˺ܶߺʹѧ˵ʿŽа״ӵĿⶼৡһ¼еԼϣ϶ˣ롭Ҫæ
ѧͼߣʲôûжķǡԪͰֵеҪҶһؿĹڻǰѪƷϢ
ҶһλվǰƱϻڻң⻹Ҫʵһרҵ豸ģʱûڻѪƷΪСţȥЩֺףȥЩߺʹѧ
תͷ԰״˵߲ҪǵҲҪİرѪƷһ֢Ҫ7-10˵֧֣ŲƲ϶ǲģҪǵİ
״Ҳ˷ܺͼлˣҶһصĻ˲صʵ¥ϻʮ֢ߣڲܹɵʱ
Ҹô绰Ĵ绰ϢϢЩ֢˵һ˿ϣҪȥأ
Ҷҽ˵öԣŲĵһ˾Ҫ͹ˣҳһᡣԪ͵
һѣȺ۾İ״ӲŸо˰˴ҹƣرǼʹģѾڵͷ̫Ѩˡ
ҶһضŻʿСŵͷ漴첽߳ңСԼԴٸϣһ·Сܱߺ㣬Ҫ׺Ϳ֣
һľ⣬ļߺѧģһߵغͺƷǶš
Ҫ֧ԮҽԱҪȥæǿԽȥΪʲôУ
԰ҪæǴǵĴѧģǲܾôȥ˽⵽ȱ֣Ϊʲôǽȥ
ԣ֧Ԯģǽȥ
ִڵľԱһȺ֮ӡ뵱ȻĻϵɫԽͣҵͬ²Ѿȥҽյǲ˵Ƚȥ
ִھԱǸȥ˰СʱûлͬȻô˵ѧǲغִš
ǸҸոڿһᣬǾõˡλٵ˼ǣȾմ󣬲ϣðաҶһԶԶͿ˾ԱʹѧǵĶų棬ʶؼӿ˽Ų
ҶҽԱȿҶһأϲ͵̱Ѻãôأ˴У賿Żһҹû˯ɡ
˶۾ģҶһصĵþԱܹСʱһΰ֮࣬Ҳܼʱˣǰֱֵر𣬾ԱҶһصĺãҲλҽ͸ҶһҲ͸ơ
û£ᣬһûʲôġҶһº͵Ц
Ա˵ҶһصĻҶһҲĵһһӦšһԵѧǼҶһںƷ˵껰æҶҽҶҽɣ̫ˣ֪˵ʲôá
ȿڵѧϴԼ飬ֹ⼸ѧҶһضԽźͼҲһĸոԹ۵̬ȣʶ΢΢ֱͦҪҶһǰºõӡ
Сţ׸ǡǵĿִ˶ˣҽɴһҪϴһεģСʱһΣõþˣ¿֡Ҷһز˲óſֺ׵СŻʿ
òãǶ´ϵģֽ϶ÿҪϴɹǶִС
ллҶҽϴˡ
ͬʱ𣬼һͬ𾪺ʹĵĿ⿴ԼҪֵļ˲ѾҲ˻ȥ
Ҷһؽ׵ݸǸڵļߣϵºдһ˿࣬ϣԼЦ
ҶһʶԼЩ࣬˶٣˿ǰÿһκб߸ȾļʣҪһҪԼ˭õľ𣿡
ߺѧǲԾҶһصȾҡҲһɡ
Ҳǡ
СŻʿ첽ǰֺ׵ݸǣÿֺף½ҽԺҪϷ۾ãû۾ļǵòôܣϴǰȥ۾ûУ
СŻʿ̧°ͣ˵͵͵Ҷһأйɺٻζ
ˡߺѧͬشǸϡ
÷豸ҶһþԱǴ˾һѧͼͨ
Ҷҽǿ𣿡һСؿʵ֪ΪʲôǰҽͱСö࣬λҶҽһ־УʲôλҶҽ²õӡ
Ҷһº͵ЦЦȻҲϣֽͨϢݸµˡȥϷɣҴתһת
Ҷһشһתת
Ǻʳã˺͹ԱͶȻ͹ȥģΪܶĹȥͲܳ͵û·Է˶͹ȥģɫ
ҽԱ;ԱʱᣬԭĴ칫ңʱĵģеý壬
ǰƲʱ㣬ŲƲûȷ֮ǰڵļֶβܰٷְٱ֤׼ȷԣһַչѸٵĲֻ֢Ҫʮûнһı֣ų߸ȾܡҶһؼһһһ߿ټ¼ʶط٣ȷʵԼߴҡ
Ҷҽȥ𣿴Ҷ߲˵״ǺܹĵģǰкܶĲôţʹԼȾԸڼҲҲԸǰҽԺƣԴһŵġļСؿڵ
ҶһسƬ̣ſڵԣٺãҲиȾķյģȷҪȥ𣿡
ļ߻ûпڣһѧſڵҶҽǲµġ
ҲæصͷڴĿ⿴Ҷһء
Ҷһػûôѧǽȥֻһ߽ȥڼǵļ£һӰʦһʽȥ
Ҷҽ
Ҷҽ
ʱҽԺſһߣԱҶһط׷׿ڴк
ǺáҶһЦŻӦ
ʱѾ˷Ҷһ߽ʱڸĳɵʱҽԺ
һ߽ߣֻΧƺһӳǲĴҴҵİ״ӣҶſ֣ñӣףȫ¶ʵʵǷǳϤˣϲȫװµ˾˭
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ҶҽôûȥϢһΪĲءʿ¶һ˿Ц
Ҷһߵʿ̨ǰҴλ߽ȥˡҶһڻʿ̨ϵĵǼǱϵǼתͷߣ֣λ
ïʵҺǱģձġ
Ҷһصͷʵ˵ϢǼȥ
ǰ̽ͷ˿ǼǱϢ̲סʵҶҽ˽ҪǼȥҲУ
ΪǱһŵļߣĴССĵλҲˣٵλҪǼǣⶼԱģҶһرΪȫ߸ˣǺеһּҲҪͿģȻͷһǼǲǼԼ֣еʮϡ档
Ȼ۷öãǻиȾķգҽԱڣн˶ҪϸǼǣԱڷŲ顣ǼϢеıʣЦŻͷͼïʵںڣлᡣ
ͼïʵ붼û͸æҡͷҶҽÿðŷվˣȻ΢ҲβˣҲΪ߿ԼĹסïʵʮֳϿҵ˵
ʿ̨ĻʿʵļïʵЦʹ˸
ߣǽɡȥҪκζҪժ¿֣ʲôֱҾСҶһص
ͼïʵŲԶɫĴţԺڸϢͣðΪǵһڶֽļߣǵϢ̶ͨͨղȵģҲбǰĹǸĲ״ʱǱڲ۹Լ߻᲻ȥ㡣
ƵϡֲĺڰƬƬľúͬһȺʬĲˣε˵Ҫ˵߲˵˵ܰȥһȥͿ϶·һˡ
ʱķԵõͬµһͬȴûƽʱԱϿʱϲұοͬ
ͼïʵʶ߬Լȭͷһ׼
Ҷһǰƿȴš
µգǡ϶¹~һת˶䡣
ã漴ҵ
֣ϰùף԰ģϹûű԰ĽǶҪϼ֣ҽ˵ء
λΪҽֺǺǵЦŵͷã֣Ϣ೤Ǻõòˡ
һ˰ڲϣЦǴ״ӵģӻﲡأҪԺҲɶˣһһΡ
̴һЦ
ͼïʵɵ㶵ؿǰһĻ˾ŵӣյ͸ڿĴеģŮģϵģٵģһĲɻڴϡ
óǵĴʱģľСһиеףЩڵϣǵĴȴǽ׵ģԵøÿ
ÿϵЦݡ
֪ΪΣǲȥǵģЩµǼźڰƬʱԺøʱܽǰļԺＸźڰƬһһϡ
ôһأƬǸľģ״ƶˣǰ˦ӳġơ˵ϺÿӣԼ뿿ڴͷ⿴ºŮӣͺڰƬľؿ컨ǸŮˣôһء
¥֢˸֢ձǿ֢չ͸ǸҽƽĻᣬʻձϸߵġҶһر߽߱ţǰţһҶһͣ½ŲȥûĽŲȻ߾ȻվڲԶˡ
ߣͼߣҶһɻؿڵ
ͼïʵγѣǿǰڼɫȻûǿڣҶһصĵͱ˷ˡ
ҶҽλͲһ͡ơҽϱʦץСѧƵģɿԭر첽ߵҶһߣ֣ϵļݲڹˮϣΪһ߲ˡ
ҽ˵ŽһݸҶһأҶһؽӹɿطţѼģͦ죿
ҽٺ١Цְ࣬˯˸ЧȻһЩЩˣû˯СʱͱǽѴˣûʿʱ䲻ҪˮϢһᡣ
ҶһصͷԣûЧҩĴǲԳҩ֧֣˯ߺʳرҪƵĻ߶עһ£ϸģȵһºѪ֢ܰߣ˵ѪԸģǵʱҽҪ˵ߡ
ҽԣһĸոպ͵ģ̱ʲôѪƷרҵʲϴ״ӿðͼïʵʲôҲס
ȻǴʱ˿Ҳ˲Ҷҽרҵȫ񶼱гůĸ뾰ˡ
Ҷҽǿȥɷû𣿡յ̫ԵʮᣬʹӭŹվҲۡ
ȻǱһ׾룬ҪԼҶһ̧ͷЦЦ
ͼïʵֽʣӭŹǰȥ
ãܲɷһǺǱļߣǵջǵļӦúܹġǵ״ǵֿϢݳȥ֪
̫ѽʰɡ
ѽҲ˴ˣ֪ôˣҲƬɣ˵ܿ
ģмĲҪվǣվͱһԵĻʿֹ𶯣һýˣλҲȾˣǵϢûǴˡ
һڲ˿ûв˵˼ԶԶԣҲվ˵
ïʵϵͣعţʱʮְ󣬼ïʵÿһγƬյģľģһأȫûƬ뷨ֻЩϵÿһЦݶ󣬽ʲôҪȫ
ߣҲһţ˵Ůܿ
ҲҪ
ããáïʵɵزסͷϰš
ȿֺüïʵյģ죬ʳпûӪȴһ⣬Ǻ𣿡
û̵棬һɰͰ͵ôûͷûβ׳ԼΣһڲȴʮָӡ
õģܺˣϴ裬·ϻ˴ء
ˣȻǰѰ˵㣬ǿǣ֪˼ǹţûбͺܸˡһָָһԻεĻʿ˵
ǸͷǺܺãҽܺãҪǵİǸڴͷŮƿӣ˵
ֻۿģƺˮʶ̧֣ȴüֹͬ۾
Ҷһغҽ˵ͷϣͬʱȥڵľǼˣǸոճơļҽЦǻʿҽϻ˺üˣˣǰ۾
ʿ˸ҽҲЩڨڨģȷʵǽһҲЩϰߣԲŻụѡ
ӣдЦ⿴λ֣һơƬҾúܺҲܺÿ
λ֣۾һȻԡվվڲһָֻʼÿذڶͨƣף ʿڷ! 紺Σ Կ~
ƬꡱһӭŹ˦峪˽ȥ
¥жȲ֢Ա֢ĳǴ󶼰ڲţҶһغ˹ػҶһشк
ΪòǷڸҽԺҽԺĹԱǵҽԺʱϸǽʱҽԺΪӲģҶҽͷЩͷȻֱó˵һ顣
ҽԱһһظǣǻõģȫ綼ŵĴҽڸǿһҪ
ҩǱһ취ûҪǼҩĺ֢ǱȽģβֲԵҩҪעơ
õģҶҽ
Ҷһ˵ȻúڳԼĿţͷȥһСŮͷ
Ҷҽҽ˵ҽӢĴʹκҰ𣿡СŮЩɳƣ˵߻Щԡ
оԼҪԵʱСŮɵͷȥſȳҶһһůСԼķ
ҽҶһظһ飬Щ졣
ոʮغҶһػ㱨жȲ֢ĳҽҵؿԵƱ֮Щ˻Ҫż֣ʹüʿѸԶ
Ҷһתͷҽû°ɣκβϱ
ҽͷ֣ͣҡֻǱˮǺסˡ۵һָܣҽͷٿҶһһۡ
ǲȻûᵽҽΣҶҽǫˣź־ǶأܸҲĸˡһʮҵЦָָԶһӡ
Ҷһ˳ָŵķȥֻ¥мһϣһ汨ֽ־ϲüģйš
ڳֳ˹һҵţʱϵĲɷãϡҶԼܵģˡҶ־ڲǷûȥйżˡ
ҶһȥոջɷĳҽͷѾ񵽵ȥˣͷ͵õ͵͵ģ˿ϵı飬ͼïʵǴλҽϸܵǹӾκ;ҽ˺һᣬԥԥҲǸȥ
ͼïʵһۣæϡ
ҶһؿţԼûпôԼıرЩǺǵı緢ģҶһػһƪıп֡
Ҿһ²˵ģҵżһֱһƾԼרҵҲòǻ˲ҽģǿܸ˵ģǾ˵ָܷòЦһЦ϶κǡȻҽ֪ⲻһ£ǡ
ҽΪŶԵЩ״ΣǣҾã˵Ķ֢Ǻаġ
ҶһؿǽϵԼҪԼ̫Ѩ̫Ѩ۾̫ˣûԣ£ϵıΡ
ꡣһ
ɫҶһأεĳҽԼǽı̫һ𣬱


237 
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ĴҴҵҽԱĿ
졣
֢һĳ̶ȣͽ˵ʱҽɿܹߣܺ𣿺ң
ֻõҽĺͲĺˣĺˮŻᷢ죬Χȴʲôûһ㣬еĹͷȥеֱñ۾
ããͺˡ
˷һð죬漴ƽҶһذһתͷЩŵļߣһչ֢󲿷ֶǺ˥ߵĽ֣ϣܵõǵİ
ҶһؿͼïʵͼïʵָָԼǣ
Ҷҽ
Ҷҽˣʲô𣿡꼱ȵҽʱҲҶһصˣ첽߹Ǵк
֢Ҫһʮֲ㣬һҽԱûҪҪǾԲƵ֢ģҶһСʱǰԼλҽĵһӦҶҽʲôҪ¡
ҶһضЦЦûʲôȥæҴҪôҵŬ
λҽ¶ЦûʲôϣǵŬܿɹ˵ţĿⲻٴڸողŻĲϣǷǳףܾһΣһܾȵڶεΣ˵˶һġ
ġҶһĿɨⰲЩѹֵ֢һֱߡ
λҽæ˵ʹҴ뿪
Ǹո˵ĶˣҶһתͷͼïʵŶˣǵİһҹû˯ԭɣҶһؾԼӷӦЩٶۡ
Ҷҽ˵ﻰܰæǿ϶֮ðⱾк˵飬ʲôææ˵æ
ҶһһԣþԽһѪƷ
ߵ׶Σܶ鲻ǵҽġûж֢ҩ֢ж֢״Ļ߻пҩֳ֧ŹȥĻᣬǵ֢еҩѾѶԲѪƷ˵һֱȽµƷʽĴʼ˱1901˻ŵԿóЧǱҽѧϿɵġ
Ѹóֽʣɿ¼ҶһصĻıʼ΢΢ţղŵһĻµһλζʲô
Ҷҽ˼Ѿ߻ߵѪܹ֢𣿡ŬԼƽһߣԱµÿһָӡ
ԣ׼ȷ˵60-80߻ߣʱڵĿģЧҲãȻΪǱߵʱ϶̣û㹻ߣҲʵſһ£Ҳ45-80졣
ǳѪЩ߻˺𣿡
ʵѪǲ˺ģҲκκ֢200-400ݸزͬǻȡͬѪҺ֢˵ѪҺȽϴ7-10˲֧һ֢ˣһҪѪأϣܶ౨ǶԱҶһɨ֢ﾲŵĲˣǲһ
סصͷïʵӰʦֹױ˲٣ǳƪŵ壬һһֽҶһصĻȫǺĶ죬ȴоһ˿ѪҺȶȡ
ͼïʵףƪǼߵοУǺ֮ǣ𡶸溼Ǿ顷֣ͼïʵıʼЩģֵԴʵǺΪΪЩڲϵͬһԼ
Ҷҽдһݳ𣿡Ȼ
Ҷһزؿң
ҶҽˮƽɳƲϸߣȻ90ı׼˵ĳɼҲȻҲܿϹڶѧУٻУĽᣬ1933׻ֽϵĴ󲿷»ð׻Խϵķʽдġ
֮ǰɬѶĴĺõö࣬⻹ǲҶҽܹսѶȡ
ҲóҶһʵ
ҡͷŬҪ˵ҶһأҶҽдУ֪ڵӰ˵ĻȺǵȫͬ
Ҷһظˣغ󼸺ղϢ֪Ѿһߵλãֻں˵Ƭ̵ҵרдɷҪҵĿĻôдɣһҵְҵ±֤ʵѪԸκ˺ڶ漣⣬ѪƷѾЩ֢ϣˣзԸԮ֣ǺǵĲ˶ʮָм
ĲιУïʵٴμ֤һȺһ˵뿪ֳضѹֵյֶء
Ȼڲɷò˽׶Σȴȵط֢󲿷ֲ˵̬õ˾ȣʱʮǰӣѾʼԼѾ뵹ʱʵ
ˣˣﲻ˵ġ
Ǵ¥ģһСŮ꣬ôߣģܿɰ
ïʵ̵ͷܺãһƬϧûаңͲˡ
ܺþͺãܺþͺãܻţͺˡŮӶżïʵľͷ¶һЦ漴תҶһأҽһϳˣͲ˷ʱˣʡʱҿŮллˡ
Ҷһش׵Ůӵֱģһտġ
Ů˰ĶмУҶһֱˣǳȥɣŲϢˡ˵ͼïʵȥ
ȵߵȣȷǶˣҶһزżڶرĴǷߣֲ֢ķչǷǳģûκҽƽ£2-3ͻ˥ߣ֢˶Ǵʱתƹģ󲿷Ѿʧҽƽʱľ̶ӳǵ
ͺñһʵԵȵսҶһر߱˵ҮɭĶΪûж֢ҩҽľڼ䲻ṩʳˮȺʣò˼ֵظһ㣬ñ̶ûԮǿľӶֵ˲ӵҮɭ˵ǿɡ
ïʵͷȻҮɭϸרҵʣҶһѾ͵÷ǳˣֲҽѧĶѸ֢˴ʱٵľ
ڵĿͺñһȺսʤҮɭսʿйսʤ˵ľѾȫҮɭ˵ѾҪˣʱѪƷ˵Ѫ֢ˣͺñȸ֢ǿֿľǿԮԴԴϵԮʵĺڱϣⳡս۾ʤϣˡ
ïʵֻĳȣͺҲⳡսеĲߣ˻ͷ֢ȥ͸͸Ĳܿһϵ
Ҷҽһһá֣ص


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Ƴ˷һۣûһ˿¶ǷӲǴһƳиܵһ⣬ͷɵ͵øˡ
ãʲô¶ҪҶҽ棬Ҫʲôá׼ҹȥ
ǰգҶһҪ촦Ѿ߻ߵʬ󣬷صڶ͸ϻԻ㱨һûаĴָʾһԿΪأȫȨҶҽĹ¿Բȡǿƴʩ
˵ף漰һͻֽϿ϶һǹལЩ˵ѶµģʱضӰҶһ˵Բġ
ǣصӦ漴ľԱʹ˸ɫһ·Сȥ
ȥ壬ǱԹȥһҪƺþ棬׼Ѫ
ǣ
һøĳɵʱҽԺȥ
ͬʱ
Ůټۼ˴ſڣǵ͵ͬվ۾Ӵ壬Ĵ˹նݹϵһһȺƷΧſڲ׼˽ҪǿƽͣŵļʬᣬһӾը˹
ɥȢϰһҪ£ǰ£ΪǰͻȻԵʣû׼ľѾ˵ĺͷľԱСģ˼γͻ
ڴ˵ܸ׼ľǵʬѾѽܵ飬رǿϸĸʬںһոɱǼҹ£ֻöݣοԼŵս⣬һ˲һ
ЩƷȻҪͰǵļ˸ˣ
Χţ̤һˣϿߣˣŵǵĵŮǾûеŮ𣬽ıİ١
СԱҲ¶һ˿ͬɫǿԼ˾δھͱ˾˻СӾǲ£򲻵ѣͷľԱͷһ۴Žյܸойɭã˸
峵ԶԶӴϯӣȫ°ʵʵֻ¶ֻ۾ųһײٿá
ǶŷľԱͷԱ̸óһȱǽȥһʱ̴ﵽ߳
Ҳͬһʱ̵塣
𵱳ҶһأķʽȻӼ򵥴ֱö࣬ÿǽȥӳһȺ鼤ܵĴǣ
õľԱԼͷ˾˵һߣԥƬ̣ͷ׷ÿóһ
ȥɣûǡ
ؿһڴ񣬡浱ôĵ¶Ϊ˺ƭǣԼúûΪüݻȥͻģϸʬ£ȥҪǻҪ
Ļ䣬Աÿ·鼤ҪǰĴǲٶ¶˳ɵɫµ¶һ˿ЦֻҪ˷磬ֻҪһ飬ǾͲΪ塣
Ҷһز֪°οĺ֮ǣһߴӶػͼïʵԼѧȵͶ뵽ѪƷĹС
Ǳвתƣ˳ƶʱҽԺʮ⡣
ձߵѪԾ֢ˣͬһֻС
һݱֽϸҽԺҲû˵ôֲ㿴ǻ鳪ء
߻ߵѪԾˣҺǼб߲µ£µĲˡ
˿ڣ˵Ķ
ֹϵİգˡԱԼƴҽԱҲϢ
ѪƷǻһﰡ˵ܸ֢һһǱߵ绰ͨûϵ̫ˣͺñѪƷǿֽ֪ƴڰ칫ⲽ
ҺȻŴģǾԲ²ſʼӵģСܣ֪ͨǣͷŲһ⼸ĿɲҶҽҵһ·ǲã
ãԺȥϵΪСܵҲԼһߵҽԱĸ֪֢ߵľĸֲһ˿
ϢҪȥǺǣеͬҲҪ֪ܾͨһһɡ
綦֧֣ҽƹ̽ģκǿԳһ־ɳǵ
ͬʱŴڵٽҶҳ˽꺼Ȧļ壬ʱ̴ӡܼҵҶҽҶһصںһʱضҶ˱صúúõģ˭ȥţ˼ҪҶһشùϵ˶ҵҶҵͷϡ
ֽҶϲЦտ̫̫ˣ߸˵ӭĹȻҶԿһ㶼˲ףҶҿƻŽأȫҶһء֣Щ֪ҶһغҶҵʵϵ⻨Žصıͻᱻ̴ơ
ŴڵʱһٽʹߵвǽͷҲζɫĵźްĺӣвٸ˽ԼҵĿ˺ɫһϲ
ƴǶصҶһض˲ΪǸֽѪȴָҲļȥΪԼ׹ѪѪǱˮнã֢һ뿪Ҷһذ۾ˡ
ΨһĺϢž͵Ļǰڵˣһٶʮ֧ǰۣûûģȴʵʵ˵Ѿ㽭еĻǰˡ
ǰҪܸߣܶ豸ҪڣܴģЩǳ䷽ƷģЩǶҩЧԲӰ졣֣صؽһӽҶһء
ҶһҲ֣صؽӹӣûԼһôһǰ;лˣȥùǰʱ򣬶һ֧ǰǶһ
ҶҽףǰҪǹ˶֪ı磬ѾȲҪһˣҲҪرԼΰܴ漣λ㽭ԭŬҶһرԼĳ羴֮顣
ҶһЦЦûкѵʱ䣬˵Żǰ¥ܡ
ͬһʱ̣Ϻվ
ɫӵؿԼӦ˵
ˣ
ˣҶҽôᣬôǰ;ȻȻطһбϣӹӹµµػ˴뱲ӣҲһأԺ֪ģʺϵģ𣿡
̾һУҲȰˣֻǴмѣԸء
صͷټ֮յģԺҲء
𳵷ԶȥıӰ¶ֵǵɫٵĽŲıһ£ͷϤİ
ԺȻţһͷҽأ˵Ļ𳵣ҺѦҲһߡ


239 
Ҷҽǻǰ
ȵ㽭λ뿪̲סǰĿҶһӡ
Ҷһؽӷϣۣһ֧֧ɫĲװĻǰ۳ǰԪ͵˷Ż˺Ǻⲣƿڲ۵ķĩȻܸıʷ
Ҷҽϸϸؿҩ˵ĳɷ֣Žٴιϣû⣬á
ҶһصĻ䣬칫ҵİ״ӶǷ׷ǰûǰΧһ۰ͰǹӵС
ǰҩ߸ȾڴҩЧõģֻҩޣõôݳޣжѾ֢״һֱûмصⲻ󣬲Ҫûǰ˰ػһҩֻô࣬ڶҩҪ͵áҶһص
һڰ״࣬ǷǳζʲôǵԺһϤ˵գΪ㣬ǺЩ˵ദʱʹˡԺҽͲ˹ӴΪһ˸飬ͻʹࡣ
ٵһҵļžʿСſ첽ǰ绰
ιãʱġ
绰ҹϵģΪ绰ߣǿɷ˲˼
绰ͷƴˬʵСŰңƴҶҽ𣿡
СΪƴǵԼԵЩܳڵڵģԺȵȡҶҽ
Ҷһˣ첽ߵ绰ԣιԺ
绰ͷƴЦҶҽǸҽԺһ˼ѣһ˵ġ
ѣ
ƴƺӣҲûж˵ֻ϶벻漴Ҳٶ˵Ҷ˵绰
ҶһЩɶͷԣҲûкƴʱ䣬˻ǰЩ֢ͿԽˡ
90ҽƶȹ淶£ûоһ飬ûоȷݵҩôõ˵ϣ1933꣬ڶҶһصΣҽǱѡеĲˣǳϡ
ҶҽûµģԼҲ֪ģллΪЩôˡ
ǰҽǣллΪôˡҲ͵
˶и飬״⼸յһһǶ˭Ǻ֪ԵλҶҽ֣صغ˵ܲϳҩʱһھʹӦˣУ˺ҽ֮Ρ
Ӧõģβˣǵı֡ҶһؽƤӴ򿪣ȡһ֧ɫװĻǰ
࣡һƿϡ
עҶһ
ʿСӦһ漴ѸٴӳóעݸҶһأҶһشעӣߵ˴ͷͷͨƤһˮ֮ע䵽ʢаɫĩĺɫƿУ޳ָƿ£漴½עҺӲƿע䵽ҩˮС
ظΣֱƿ͸ҶһزŽƿӵԱߵͰ
̲ӣһڰ״Уȴ·һͣǶǻ벡ڵҩҺֻ·𱻸߸ˣǺףҩȷʵҶһ˵ԿȾĻôı硣
ʷո䣬Ȼͨ;һеļ֤ߡ
ʮСʱֻҪʮСʱͿ֪
ˣСʱһΣע۲Ҫϸ¼ж֢״֢ǱҲֱԱ飬պ֢ǱӦҪ4СʱעһΡҶһվֱ壬תͷ˶
㽭ĻǰऺӴͬҩﲻͬ˵ϵĺȷҲд֤Ҷһֻһ㳢ԳѺʡ
õģҶҽһͬһǿѹסеļһڰ״ӵע£֣صӦ
ж֢״֢ĲҲҳһдԵע˻ǰҶһ˵ҪʮСʱʵһ㼸СʱҩþͻԵ÷ӳټʱûκҩԣǰķӦҶһԤϵĻҪõöࡣ
磬״ǾԼļϲ֮ˡ
ϣ𺳣֢İ״Ƕһɨǰѹֵ״̬һΪϣĹĵױŷ
ססҩˣµƷʽˣټּ֣оȵġһ磬ǲ֪Ͷٸظ仰
ٽʱƴһ˸ҽԺ
ҶһؿƴʱЩԼ۾ҽׯѦǣΪſ֣ȷ˵ݡ
ҽЦøˣرׯѦǣҶһػǵԼеʮңҶҽǵһΪܲǵءѦЦ˵
ҶһؿŽվԼǰˣиӵɫһôܲǵأԺ˵ⱲӶ˵ġ
ǵáҶһصҽλô⣿
ҽ΢΢վֱӣҶҽбҸʺҽˣҽп壬Ӧġ
ĬƬ̣˵ľҩȴңôҪøС
ѦǺׯһۣҲڵǴˣ˵еĻڱֽϿҪ˵Ѫţ˵ǵʱȽϾˣٻеɶİɣǵѪɣѪࡣ
ԣѪࡣ
Ҷһһʱ˵ߵƴҲʮипΣ֮ʶʿǣ̾塣
ҶҽǵѪòҶһؾþòѦЩżؿڵ
Ҷһ³һáתͷʿСţСţȥѪɡ
ʺѪҺ˳ŹӴӸ첲л˵ЦѪҺץĵΪκǿƬ֮һ
ҽ˴ϺѪ¼ԥĺˣƪȥ󣬴绰ҪѪԶ
ѪͣѪʱ䣬ʱѪƷı漼Ѫɼ뼰ʱʹãһﳵӽܵİ״ӣ˹Ĵһжʼ˳ϣ

ЧЧҶҽǰ𣿡֢ĸҽһͬ͵̧ͷĿƵؿҶһأҪ϶
һͬҽԺ״Ӷ֢һ䣬Ǽסһݣһֻеĸо
ʷȻǰתˣ
ƺһڲϢĳӣ᫵ɽ·ڱŻ˴󺣣Ӵ˺̫ա
ĲǿԼΧŵѹѹİ״ӣԼ֣ضı飬￪ʼ㷲̣ǲǲ˰ɡ
һ˼ҽǾþû˵˰أѵؿڵҽʵǰɣߣҲ׼ģǡжã
״ظʳ¯һݣԴЦãõúܣ˵ġ
ⲡ֢ˣҲҴ˵ܺãˡֻǽ죬ˣǸˣ
ʹǰʹѪӦȫ֢ˣϣѾǰһ־Ϳ
ҽ˺
ãˣԪӦø


240 
ŴԽԽǵĿ죬ղ߲˼ȫ͵˸㣬һ߲Ҳʼ½Ժ
ֽϵǳһ߲˳ԺƬʱǶ˿У̫û־ɳǵһ£ǵɵʱÿǰж˾޴ĳɾ͸кС
ҷ˺ü־ء
ԴҶҽǴְӿɴûժ¹ֽ˵ˣ־ǶԿĹס
ҿȥ׹ѪõĲ˵ҵѪء˻һ䣬Աӵһۣ㵹ȥϸȥ
漴һЦ
ͺǿһһƬõĻҶһضԻǰҩƹ㡣
һϸ֧֣ǰؽ뵽ҽƽС
Ҷһطǳǰеشãĳ̶ֳܾ罫ƹ㿪ȶһ˸ҪҶһؼʹæҲ˼ҹдһƪǰۡΣͶרҵҽڿϵϺŽѣ俯˱ֽ֮ϡ
Ȼһƪǰۡ˼ķ졣
˵ҽѧкܶ˶νĻǰҩڹ㷺ĿȾоԴлɣŸҽԺôಡ˵֧֣еѾǲɱ沵
ǣҽѧը˹úϵ޲صڹҶһصĶҲһʱϢ𺳣ţ޲𵱳Ҷһƺһ£ԼԴ
籨Ҫ籨кǣҪȥǡ
ҶһصԵĳڼúϺҽԺ籨ߵźŴϺϿȫط
ĳǰССһ䣬˻档
ӵ籨ĸҽԺҽҩ˾оĿⶼ䵽ңԶĶҹ˷ķɻƱЩڸմӸҽԺҶһ˵أΪ̫ˣ۵ÿ۾ˡ
Ҷſ
ҶҵӶ˿̨¶Ұʳϵı˵ĸӡ
ˣ˼ңûȥԼ԰ɡ
ֲǸģǸҶҽģ֪ҶҽڶأǾ͸Ҷү̫̫ԣ˸öӣĺöӡ˲˷˵Ӷ˵С
⡭ҶҵӶ˿ļȽòˣЦͷֻҶȥ
ҶҴҶ̫̫ҶԺҶҸ֧峤ڡ
԰ضǱô˵һɡһͷ׷Źȵȿڡ
ҶһԲ
ɩӣʲô˼ͷӼҶһ仰˵˲õԤУɿһԵ̫̫
̫̫죬ڴĿ£ҧ˵ضæžأҲȥţܻܲẼǻһǻȻؼҵġ
һԣ̫̫˵ҲеȷʵڿΪأܲΪԼҵ°ҶһشӶؽлǻ᷸ŭġ
ɩ˵ǣһ£μ£ǻϰضʱɣҲһҪһҪ֪Ǽҳôһ϶Ǹ˵ģƽʲôӵġ˵
˵Ļ䣬̽ϣɲǣһεļ棬ҪЩλҲյٰ˰ɣҶǳŰضģͷһһ˭õǾͳһ˵죬˶뵽ҶҲǹҫ
ɲǣҶжûôˣǰ峯ۼҲҶ빱Ʒʱɣʱ̺ڵĲࡣһʮֻظ̾
幫ʱôɡҶԵõҶԱߵСȱŸո˵λ幫ߣ˼һ󴵺ӵۡ
ʱǻ幫̾
һ̾һ˵ĹʼҶĻԻ̨ϵҶ̫̫ҶȴԽԽζ
ҶԼ˵˵ţԼҶһصԽøߣ֪ȥˣȻҶһصص˺ǵûμӼ棬齫޷ʰ
Ҷһڵλϡ
Ȼ߸˸ͷһСģ˾һ첽߽ã̫̫үͷĶԽˣ˵գͼ̫̫ѶһһˣҪڸӣǼסǵ鰡
С˵Ļ䣬һƬž漴ǷһöˬʵЦһҶվС˵һ˵ߣ͵ļⱲӻûԵţһɡ
ɲǣ˵ûԵⱲǴžֻܳԵһˡ˵˴һ
СһЦżһ߻ɵ˵ſڻкܶأҿŻʵļնġ
ҶԺò׹һϣĬλϣŴ˻Цģֻ춼ǿɬζ
һһɡ
Ҷ߿ɬضҶҲòȥŴڵٽضԽԼıӣǵϵҶһء
ҽԺͨ绰һʱ֪ͨضҶ浣Ǹ廹ܺҶһͨϻģֻ˵ͨϻɣÿζҶһ˵ϼ仰ҶһǱ߾͹Ҷˡ
ۿѾʮˣϾǳϦˣض𲻶ظšôܻ꣬ܵǵһβ߹꣬ôźãһ˲ġ
ҶöۣüűֽСؽйҶһصıֽ𤵽ʼǱϣԼĽ¶ɫضڶأȥҲСʱĳ̣˵úڹһ
ضԣ۾һתͷĿƵضҶ浣԰Сʱĳ̣վָǰһͺǿȥ
ҶһعҪȥˣض治˵ﻹЩԽܵģһ˱ߣҲţˣˣҲضȭͷͶһ
Ҷ浲̧ͷ漴˼˼ӣſڵ˵ĶԣһˣҪġ˵ţʼǱϣſں˽
ʱһɫγͣͤſڣƵס͵ĲĿУһȺƷŮ˳
Ҷһشһֱ˯ֱ˶öЩˣԺѹһתŷŴһ
ֻߣΪûʱ°Ѿϸܵĺ磬ҶҽȤ̴̵ָģӦͦۡ
ָǸջȥҶһؾͶһ˫۾
ҶһһȣѸƿԼĿ⣬û˯
ˡӴ
ľߣһз紵ݶɿӣǲеȥ˵ţҪ
ʵҲáҶһʶԼͬʱˣټ¶һ˿ȵɫ
Цһģ
Ҷһϸ°ͣôæȻôɾ
ĿԣֻúþΧӵ·ˣֻõ˴˵
Ȼʱ˵ķű򿪣һŮ𣬡ڸʲô


241 
Χڻԣضһһ۲
Ҷ浴ӳһ˻ûһ衣
ź󿴿ضٿҶһغɿһһӷڻϡ
Ĳ˶ˣҽǵգ͵԰ɡҶ浽ӷָˣͬʱض
ضˮģԼǰͤͲ;µĴϵӲıҲסˣֹţͻֿԣôôʥ˳˵ţҶһһӲˡ
ӼˣȻҲҪŮУԴҶһȥúϰҽԺס޺Ҷ浾ͻڿˣĸŮ䶼ǲϵͷӣһȥȻγеദʽ
лл衣
лл衣
ҶһغҶǰ󿪿ڵ
ضӦһһҺ֡
һԣ⸱вһ˿įм𣬸׶ǳģĸƺҲǵͷԼ飬ʱ򣬵ȵٳЩĸ׾Ͷûˡ
ͷµ˵ͣеĽ
һֱָֻͷȥҶһضգգۣʶһůյøЩ
ˣúóԷġضһӽһеͬʱСֹ˽ôҲܣҪһܵḶ́ûϱҲˣﵱġ
Ҷ죬üѾ¶˵õ顣
һ¶һ˿лл衣
ضĿӵڵϣҶ浺Ҷһ̲סЦ˵Цаضǵģ䲻һ˰컹ҪȥϴӡıԹ⺮ĶվԳһֱܰ
Ҷһس˾ҪƽŴٿʼӹҽȴִҶһǰɽӡ
ҶҽҪϣҪʱž£οڽӺãʱǻϵҲ÷̣Ȼûиʱ䣬Ҳûס
Ҷһһ⻰Ҳе׼ˡ
ǰޣ϶ʮԺˣһԿر֢ΣˣһزǰЧǲѪƷģ˵ӣԺṩѪԽԽ࣬˵ѪƷ׶ˣ覲褣֢һߣΪ鷳ûǰȡ
У˵ǼǹԺǰ˵֪ʱЩΪǣҽеߵģ¥ϵĲˣżһԼĽӣˡˣһúԺһĲ˿ɲ١
Ҷҽһ߽һݷݽԪͣҽ鷳ˡ
ԪҡͷЦ˵ģæģǺǵҽҵļ磬ӦõģҪƽ򣬿ǧСģǺǵǱ߱ȣС׼ˡ
Ҷһصͷģ
Ƕٿ죬е¶ӺãѾǴʮˡضҶ浡ڣǱ߲ûʲôֵСʱȥȳϦģ˶
ǿڻ˹ѪĽգ˴ʮԶеĸСҲһӻϲʵصظһĸҽԺۺ⣬ʮһ磬ľʹСԲӵζòҲƵƵ
СʿǴűصķʱʿ̨ͷҺ쿪ҪҽԺſڹҺġ
ⱾøĵģſڻרҵĵطģҲϲ¡ɻͦҶһ˼Ƭ̣СʿڴĿдӦ
Ҷҽ꣡СʿǻȸԾţűصķø졣
ߣߵ㣬̫ȥˣһ㣬ˣҶҽˡ
ҶҽĵöԳƣԳһԣͺ
СʿָҶһغ˸ȥҵԣһۣĬ¶һ˿Ц
ȼĺͮͮĴ˹ҵҽԺſڵߡ
һԣͺġַסҶһء
ҶһȻ֪е⣬һ˿ɫš
԰ӵζҽԺƮɢ֢ǽƴһȺΧһСԲӣ˲ʰ̣ҳԿʮһڣȥ
̽ͷϵһգһڣθȥҽãҲû취ҪҸʢ
УҲð
ж֢״º࣬˵ż˵£ǸֿСﱻȥ֢ĸףزͣԼıӡ
֢ģ˵Ŀⶼڴ⣬λÿȥÿſңϲ죬Ѫһÿ
衣СϲĽһҵļžʿССߵĸߣϦҪһһģѽ
á
á
ҲЦǺǵʿСͳԼף
̻է죬ԵĺƷǷҽԺＸжˣҽǲ˶վ˴ߣɫ̻ںɫϿʢеĽͿ־Ҳƺ̻ʧɢ
ԽԽõġһ״˵
ԣԽԽõġԱߵͬºͲӦ͵
ҶһصĳϦҹصСɽȹģƷԱǡ״ҽǻкԱԼԺĲΧһ𣬹һ򵥶ĳϦҹ
ڶһ磬Ҷһ˾˻غǵĳӣ˵ҶһؼŻƴѾѾ˺üأҪҶһشһЩǰѪƷɹĲ
˵һҲ˵绰߿ͨ绰нǺܶڵ绰˵ƴһһˣղ鹤ļӿ죬ĲҲԽԽ࣬ʵڳ鲻
ǰǴӱֽ֪ģһ֪ҪһֻǰҽԺҪ󲢲֣صĲǲˣĲҲǲˣ˵ú˱ˡ
˽ĵģҽҲǣԼֲˣǰҩʹЧԭѡˣҽǼҧŰЩ޳ǰʹģǼ˶˵ҪƵġ
кҪѡģһϣҶһػǴһҽԺһѪƷƺԸƵĲͶʮ֧ǰ
Ҷһڳ뿪ûзּЭԱǷߵʿĳ֣صһ
ʻζԽŨֵŸոߵĵ涼ǴģСǴոµ·ϲϲڽԱܣڷܵСĵһͿʼ
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ԶӿڴӵŮڳܣΧ۵Ⱥ̫൲ס˳ǰе·
ȫҲ˹ͷأǼǽзҽǳԹҷģᣬٰһסŮʮǿƺͼ
Ӵҽأ˼ҽβˣǴҽ־˹ͷ˼˵˵𣿰ʮǰ㣬ǾǼ񣬼񣡡


242 
һӣַȻҲֵ̫죬ԽԽ׷ǰȰ衣
ǰͣһ³ضͻأ
˾ʶزסɲΪȵż˳ûӶŹǰȥ
Բ𣬶ԲҶҽҲǹġ˾ͣסתͷסصǸ
Ҷһذڰ֣ʾ⣬ضΪʲôȻ˾ͣȴضȻȥ
ȺźѵǰţΪȽŲԵʣԵø⾽ȡ
Բסá
лллл鷳á
ӵȺͻȥŮ˱ַֿȴ˭Ҳˣ˵ԽԽ
źڴȺм첽ǰΪߵÿ죬˵þԽˡ
ˣǻؼҰɡźǰסһŮ˵ӡ
ǸĸŮźһҲ˲ϺһŮ˳ˣתͷզԼˣǼСأԼȥˣִ򡣡
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Ǻò׿ƽϢ־磬ֿʼۿضҪŮȫˣҶһҶ浼Ҳæ³źƷ˾״ҲѸٸ
˾ƷҲͦ˵ģΧ۵Ⱥóһ
ʱضǸŮ˶໥ͷˣҶһغҶ浸æһһҷסԼĸף裬裬ͷˣͷˡҶ֪ض󣬸æص˵
ȻضʶɿץǸŮͷ֣ʶȥԼͷҶһسһ֯߶ûֹľս
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ŮҲǺģضԵ޹ʳھ˵ĻҲػû˽ֺ̣õȥˣİţŮء
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ضվҶһԱߣ˳羴Ŀ⣬ڵԼͷˣҳʲôˣ֪ͲǸŮ˴ܣˡ
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Ҷһûк˵תһոǰȥȰܵĽַ˵λȥϢɣģ֮䳳ǰɣ衣ҶһؿԴ
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ض۾ʱŮƽȡĹϵı˼뻹ǸֲһԺУ޳ȥŮóȥˮʮʹһֻڷҹǲܻҵġ
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˵ܴض浶ȥͰ˵İɣԼŮôгϢضţȴʼЩ㷵ġ
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ôʶˣҶһ
Ȼ漴˲ã磬㡭֪γƺƵҶһء
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ԣغһ硱СҲŽУʹ֪ݵźɫʮֹ졣
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243 
ԷɡֵԺһΧһ𣬶һ̻
źöȥֱߴһƾƣżܹʱСͮͮġ
岻Ǯ˵ȣҪǮһƿһƿ˵˵
ŻôʱǰǴƿɶȱģһλˡźӹǼľƿЦ
Դһڵİӳϣ⻹۰ضĸȻأӣ㣬浶ضȳԡԴЦ
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Ϊص˺ǣϤĵطаȫУֻΪҶһصȷʵž˾˸˺Ժʹǰſ˲١
˾ˣѾְˣͺáҲվ˫Ʊȥźľơ
˵Ϻʱź𾴣ڵıּԳƵϹˣź˶Щ޴롣
ⲻУⲻУôأվֵ쵼Ҫվ֪źæ֡
ңǸ۸ġ˵ţùƿź㶵ĿУľƱʢ˾ơ
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Ҷںˮضһ赭дݼʮķһˮǺںҲǷ裬ÿÿ仰û⣬˵һ֡С˵⡱ζ
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ָҶԣָǳȥʲôҶԵΪµвŮòͯŮԼƪۡںȦȵǵڻв˽ֵҶԺ֮İ顣
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ӺߵſڲԶ


244 
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ҽԺԺҶһغƴţ˵İ״ϣԵñͰ׵ĹӸԳһʥ
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ƴҡͷô׵飬һҩûЩҩΪҩʵʲǴҩɢνӪƷҩҲôҡҿǰƱ̣඼Ҫ;еһʱỹǹӦϵġ
бͷˣҲЩǰһǾͺ̫ˡ
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ոǸҶҽȵҶһغƴԶһСʿȻгͬǵһ󾪺
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Ҷ幫һ̾صϣϿϿȥڰɡ
һҶ˴ûһԥƬ̣Ҷȥ
ˡ
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245 
ԣҶҽ⼸λݷġ²ͷԵͬ˵仰ǰߵҶӢҩ˾ʲôʵҵģҲ·ˣЩ˸ɣҶҽ±һ
µ󣬵ÿҶҶ˺Ϳ
˲䣬֪Ҷ⣬˿ҶԵĿ˲òͬ
桢ηĽţҶĿɨһڿˣ³һ漴ò᲻ص˵磬ض
һʶӿڵ첻ҶҵļҶҽô᲻ڣ
⻰һڣҶԺҶɫɱΣһӹҶΪɢȥ
ڳ˶˾ҶԺҶ˳Ĭӣϵ÷зҶҾţ߰˷֣ǸԽɫЩ˰յɫ
ȻﲻǺܺãΧ˹ķӦҲʲôתͷԵķ룬ҪǵĿеõ𰸡
ǲ˲Զͷĺҵҵؿʼ˵µ
ҶҽڣⲻҶҽļǲ˵Ҷҽ϶ҪһʱҶҽҺǿҪһ˴
Ӣлｻţ˵ԼǸҶҽģ
⼸ÿߵҲ죬õҶһزϢǾѸ뿪ˣͬĻҲŴҴ뿪뿪ʱǰҶԵļ̾һŴҴ뿪
µ뿪󣬻һڿǶ·ͬһʱҪ£ѡ˸ߣʱֻʣҶԼÿ궼ѡ
ΪҶһءִҫҲͬΪֶѸɢͬһ̻š
Ҷһز֪Ҷҵⳡ粨˵ؽӴһλѡ
޲أôǣרҵİɣҶһؾȵؿǰ糾͵ǰϼ
޲ҲҶһؿǰһҶһǰˮ˹ˡ˰뱭¶ǣ㻹˵ˣҾġǰϵ۰ǰȻû͸¶ðɣȷʵӦ͸¶
㶼ԸƱʽˡ޲ټ죬˵Щ״ΣҶһغ޲ദãȻ޲ػеĺ塣
˵£ҶһҲЩպͺڣڹе˼άΪûоҩǲᱻܵģԲûиؽǰ˵
ǸΪû˻ţԽйػǰķڡҶϣǲûѡ񷢱κּҲ׳ҩҶһص
޲صһƪĳûбģҶһõǰһĳйġҶڿ²Ǻܸߣⱻ·޲ؿЦһ
Ҷһصʱ޲أԼĳƪĵֻһƪЩʧʱ޲ؼ״ο˼䣬ԭΪ£
޲вɰûڣôٶʼء
ûڹûڣ޲غܿҪĲǰûǰ£δ¡
ҶרԭҲµˣǰһܸı䵱ǰҽѧʷҩ̫ҪˣͬǣҲشҿ㷢ڱֽϵݣһǰܹȾĹЧȷϣô㣬ҩζʲô𣿲ֹǽǮ
޲˵΢΢ǰ㣬ҶһصڹʾһٴαսֿȾҩʿ˵ֱǾҩܱսʡ
ҶһȻ֪֪ڵǰĳѾѾ˷ΪùءĿأδսսʵĶ
ҶһسĬƬ̣ʮֳϿҵؿڵҶΰУֻΪҽ޲أҲϲжΪȾ뿪ģռԭĴ룬ҩΪҵ˽Ķƹٶȣعȥ
޲죬һʱ˵ȻҶһص˼ͬΪҽһ˳ûüˣ˾ΪȾˣ̫ˣÿÿɹȴûܻʱ޲ҲֹһλԼѡĵ·
ûСר֪㲻ȡ˲ȡרǵһרˣǵһˡ޲ص
Ҷһԣüͷ΢΢û뵽һ⡣Ϊҽϣǰƹ㿪ܸ൱ǰĽδƾǰκξϵ档
޲˵öԣѾѻǰƱʽЩҩ﹫˾ʵҴŻȷϻǰʵЧһȷǰĹЧҷҩרδעᣬЩҩ﹫˾ɲʲôҩƹٶȣֻѸעǰרȡ߶רѣեɻǰÿһݼֵ
޲˼ǣ
޲ذڰ֣ǣһҪۿǰЧһҽ˵̫ˣһ£ڿʼӦ½вҩ﹫˾ʵ㣬׼ר£ĿģǱ𱻱˼©㻹ԼעһȽϺá
ҶһسƬ̣ͷôǶһӣǸտʼһʱû뵽޲ѺҶһؾѸ뵽˽취
һཡᡯɣûררΪʽ֧ҩоѧǡرùأһ仰ҶһԼ룬û˵
޲زؿҶһأλҶҽȻÿζϲ޹רҵˮƽҶһѿڶĻἰʽȫһʮĻſھ˵ġ
ԼҶһ͵ʱôģֻŲڴҽ棬˶ηηġ
ҶÿζҾȣġ˲ġ
ҶҽԣһЦԼ֪Լ£޷Ǳȱ˶һӵĻֻۣЩûʲô˲ġ
Ҷһش޲ڻҽԺԺȦ߲˸۲߲˽ܻǰƺЧ
ڽ̸У޲شӦҶһһ顣
˰ʱ򣬲޲ϣܶҩ﹫˾ʵҵҶһһҲûд˵ڼӣʱȣ˾Ҫ뿪Ǳϡ
ڴ֮ǰ뽫ź꣬ǰ׼ʽΣյļ죬տš
޲رҶһһͨûѼϼȥҩ﹫˾Щʵҵ˹ͨ޲ڹ䲻粨ҲٴȨţЩҩ﹫˾͸ʵҵ˼еƾһ֮ҶһصסЩˡ
ֻסЩֺôˣסͬаǰҽҲǡ


246 
ҽԺԺ
ҽԺǰ·ϻŴڷűںغֽŴĻųصԱصŵ棬ɨʱԱдšҽԺĸֵשɫС¥ȥ
ֻӦôŽյĻҽԺвٽĳ
ҽԺô翪ѽֹŻӶԼϵɨ㡣
ҽԺãֵҽĿ⽻ţŴ뼸װͦӢĿٽš
ʱһСγʻ뻪ҽԺʻ롣
źЩڳϣۿҽԺԽԽϵ֮ɫԽŨء
ԴµشŻҽԺС¥ҽԺ⣬ڽͨ;ԭ⻹ԴһҺõҽԺ
ҽԺ궼ϢİԴӾֱҽԺţɾȵ
ҶһʱѾ˵ҽԺſڵŻʿתͷԴ͵ҽҲҪڵģڼڼҽԺһῪСţֵҽм֢֢һĽպ;
ڽ컪ҽԺŴ󿪵ԭ򡭡
ӻҽԺ¥ǰͣ£Ҷһش򿪳ţŻʿҲ첽ҶҽӼеԼӰԼ˽ҪȻ˴һȥ֪ڣضҶֶŮӣᣬ˵ŮƽȵĿںźúķչҪʱġ
Ϻˣʱֱ仯һʱԿסٳδ飬˭֪˻˼Ҫʱ̣ضҶҲ޷ź˾ˡҶˡ
˾ˣ裬ˡҶһشӳԴź򿪳š
Դźӳ߳ŻʿʱҲߵҶһǰԶҶҽѾ׼ˣУ˲ˣҲҽԺԺڽӴ
ҵˣȺ˻ͦҵطġ޲ҲӺĳһĻضҶ浣һȥݷںǵˣҶһһ˴αϣڲڽԼƽյҪЩ˵֧֡
Żʿؿ޲һۣҲûʣҽԺȥ
Ҷһص˸߽ãڡдͬеƴ͵һʱ䷢ǣһӦӢĺͼҽ˵˱Ǹ漴첽Ҷһ
Ҷҽˡ
ƴϱ׼ôȴûյûã½˺üͬУЩﻰⶼҪõǰͬУƴάֲסϵЦˡ
ЩҽҲ˳ƴ߶ķ򿴹ϳ޲ء
޲أȻȡ
޲ؿЩͬǣЩͷ۵Լ̫Ѩ
ðɣȻҵˣҶҸһ£˹ҽԺĻҽ˹ҽԺҽ޲ؽԼʶͬһһܸҶһء
ҶҽҲ֪ġ޲ֶԻյ˵
յ˶һۣΧм޲زģûбܵģҲҽҽرҽҪǿҽҵǶǼΪģҽ˿طΪ޲ؼ˳ȥ
Щҩ˾⼸λҽĿȴֵö࣬Щҩ˾ʵҶڰҶһطƪƱǰ飬Ʊǰٿʼ飬ⶼҪʱ䣬Щļİ״˵ץصԭأһŻƱֳɵҩֳɵĲˡ
ҽһһԼҪۼ֤ǰЧԸҶһҲͬӢӦš
Դץź֣и̾ɷ˵ǼСӣѧǱһֱ£Ҿ˶ġ
źе⣬ȴװʮģǳӡ˵ʲô뻰ء
˵ĶԻ᲻أضҶĸŮһۣһɵĸоȻ
ڻǰĲޣ󲿷ֻǰ˿УһգλҽǰҶһسƬ̣ҵһ̨ǿΪڴ󣬻õǰλȤ
ҶһصĻû˵꣬ҽæȤȤ
ƴ״ЦұŴҽԺûҽֵҲһҽҾ͸֣ڿòˡ
ҽԺ﷢һЦ
Ҷһתͷضź˵裬㣬˾˾裬ȥ·ˣ»лʿǰ֪ǰ˾˻ϣʱСʱңʲôǲ̫ġ
Żʿ˻·ȥĸǰλXƬֱ͵
õģҶҽŻʿҶһغǳӦλҶҽɴĹʽ˵תź˵ȥ·ɡ
ˮϴ⣬ҶһһֻĸоȥʱǶʱ䣬Ҷһغֱõʱ
ҶҽXƬˡһСʿһXƬҴҴܽ
Ҷһ˫־ţѾڴ޾״̬ȥƬӣţҿ
ʹˣ׹ۺ׻ϣ°Ƭӷŵҵ棬лҪġ
õģҶҽ
ҶһصͷУҰɡ
Ұɡ
⣬źѾƵſڣضԴһһĲ
±£ض˵ˣʲôܿܺõġ
ԶԶԣſġԴô˵ץźȴһ㶼ûзɣϵȫβס
ƴ״Цλİɣݰͳһ
޲ءաΣЩǹĴҽЩҽͨ״¶ĴڣһȨҪһӦò󣬵ҪЩһ̫ˣӶûӡ
ƴ뵽ڲϻЩɵ㶵ź裬ɰԸ̾ɵɵ
źƴôֻ˿ŵ˵ҲϡǷǳˣͷıҲ˲١
ʿǰƿҴţƴƽңűϣضվڿտ
ûµģûµģȰܸܳһˡ
ʿٴμеҶһСʿİ´鷳λˣΪ˽˵飬Ҫһ̨
ЩҽǹҽԺıҶһؿɲԼӴȺ˴һȫǿڻǰϡ
λԱͺãһͻ״Ҫλʦæ˵һлл
˵ҶһڹҽѧҲЩɲȻЩţ֣ƴһǿƵҽλҽʱЩսսģΪǼλֻڿ־ĴţǾȤվĺ棬ȻҪˡ
ҽƽˡʿӲԶ
Ҷһص˵ͷߵһߵ׼
ңˮζ״ӵҽͻʿǷɿȥ
ź裬Уʮ꣬ǰδʱҽ¹ۻϣָXƬйۻϽعϢ԰ɣʿǰٴκ˶Ϣ
źŵʿˮͷԶԡ
Ҷһʱҩߵźߣ˾ˣģС˯һͺá䣬̧ͷԻʿ˵ӲĤͣ


247 
λҽԺȻѾӦõٴ𣿡Щȵؿڵ
λҲӲĤʹҽԺҲΪһֶڳƹ㣬ʱƶûеѧƣǿ˹ȫһҽģרְҽҲǲġ
λ۱ҽѧҲ⼸£ٴǼĴҽԺڳ飬ȻңԶĶһû˵ҽԺȻѾ滯ˣ
տһڻʿûʵķǳҶһزģвɰզࡣ
⵹ǻյˣƴΪ˷Ҷһأ䱸ĻʿϴκˣеλȫүӵǰҶʽİ
ӲĤ̶ȵؼٻĸãرǺͯʹлģʽʺʹ١
ҶһؽԱߵһֱţˡ
ˣ̶û֫̽
ӰƱ򿪡
źǰ˿ڼûд˵Ѿϵģ԰͹ƽ
˿ڵʱҶһܵ뻮ƤͬС
ԼĪ10׵ĵڣԤĽعƽ·ǳ˳Ƥ꣬пؽҺ¶׹ؽڡ
Ƶȣǿƴ󿪴ЩʵȴͬǾϸͷһ׶һףǶȱֱһȣܷǳԵĲС
̰Ĥ󣬸Ҷһصһҽ̲ס˵
źĹɹ֮һʮأصĻ׹ؽѾѹȵΧ֯ر·ʱ򣬲ûʹУźȻһꡣ
⡣
һ㡣
ͨ󷢳ö죬ʱûкôСɣҪҽСĺϸ
͹ǿƽӴĥǿƵζͷϸܵ亹ʮǿĹǿƷչڼ𲽽׶Ρ
ǿƲͬƣǿƴ󲿷ǲģرһĹ۹ѣ㲻˵ֻж㣬һ̨˿ڣ˿ڸȾļʷˣûпص˿ڸȾļʾʣж֮䣬ҽô鲡˿
ټҽ˿ϼһףܶССʹҽĵҩȫãǴĹˣҲвõĸ෽ܰﲡ˼ʹࡣ
ҽģûл߾ûϰĻᣬһѧôչ
źֹۺûмʱкܶ࣬˿ȫϺûΣյģֻж㣬ֲ˻Ϊԭ򣬻ΪѡΪټ
ι̶ҶһػǸШιǿ飬ŵľ⶯ЩҶһ̧ͷĹǿҽһֶۣñȵ⻹ˡ
еҶһһƽº͵һĿù̶ǿλҽӶʼˡ
һ۲ҽ״û¶˿ı飬ҽѵСҽˣڳһûаѧѵ޵ľһֻǶһ侲侲ʵܼʹģϧϼҽȻԸٸˡ
ɡ޲ǰֽعûпȾҩﻹ治βεú˵ô˿ڸȾļʿ̫ˡɸ̾
мһ־֪ûУ޲һֻǯһι̶סǿ飬ܸҶһصĽǶȱ仯ϸ΢Ķ仯ϵĹ
ءһڵ㣬ջأ̧𣬵͹룬һӱ
Сʿۼֿ콫⿪عصһШεĹǿǳ˳رеϡ
źǰĹûнйרҵĴԾ˿ڴ֯Ҫ֯عǾͲֵһˣҶһɵþԼ֡
롣
ϴ
ʱһһȥԴſڵȵĽȵٽʱͺǾ¾ֵҲˣź쵼οʵģԴԼǸѣǵʵȨôרҽԺһͨҽ
ĳʹԴһһ˿Ҳʧˣλе̽ͱ֤źȫ԰ĵضȹ⼸£õĹƵ⡣
ԴлͬʱҶһһ˵ĸм֮ҲԽŨˣУһҪúչԼӺŮ
ź裬ź衣Ҷҽˣʿ
ҶһһӢĺͼλͬźҩȻҪľǻǰ÷ʿĺӦһ漴ͼλͬ˵Ǹ첽ȥ
źմӻ˯ʶָѣûйȥԼ֫ȫû֪ǰʿǰ֪һգź¶˿־ͺµɫ
ҶһôٴĴҽĿɲֹǼһõҽģǶԲ˵ĹػҲǲٵģϱҶһغͼλͬ»רΪ˽ⲡȥƽС¡
ƩĲˣʶѵ廹ʹҽԱǳʶȫö˵һ䣬ȴಡ˵ºһᣬرԸʵҿʵģԼԼ
Ҷһؿߵźߣסź֣˾ˣˣܳɹûйȥԻܶȹһȥͿԶˡ
ź迴ϤˣܵĴ¶ȣĲɢ˵ͷ¶Цݡ
ҶҽʲôءԱߵСʿһ߽ãһЦŲһ졣
ҶһЦЦûںЩСĴźֱ˯һɣȥ¾˯ˡ
ź۾Ҷһת·СҽƳȥɡ
ſˣˡضйľ֪ſǸƵĶϨ˾ͲƳˣԴϨ۾һգգضҴţֱƳӴ죬͵վ
ź豻ʿҽƳԴæǰ
ضҶҽءضǰϸϸشһµܵܣɫ̧ͷʶȴҶһزûźĲһæʵ
ҶҽǼҽ˵أӦϾͳˣ΢һͺáĸʱܵҽĶѧ̼ߵģСҽ²ضҶһصĹϵԻشظ⹧
ضǳСҽǶأЦЦúǻ˵ŶڵĻҪضְ˾˶һúøԺллǵģͷðضǳԷѽ
ҽ֣ҶҽһĻضһۣᶨؾܾһʹţһԷջ
ٴľ飬12Сʱҩȫл12СʱһΣһΰ֧죬һͿԿס
Ȼǳӭ
Ҷһغͻռ˵ŻضСҽŵЦһӿڵȻ˵ˣ;Ͳòˣ緹ûԣһȥСݳһٰɣõһ飬ǿ᲻࣬һҪ͸ܽ
Сҽ


248 
ںǵӣҶһشҽԺȹǿʹб֮ƽҪҵö࣬رѧʮҪøʹ
ֹʹҩܲþͲãʵܲҩƷƵֹʹҩƷϵͳһã˾ǷҽⷽӦҲ֪ġҶһתͷԾԴ˵
ĺǻվǼһڣƷվñֱ顢ԼǸйزŵͷͷǼ˴룬иý壬õϢԷȡ
Ҷҽȥƽǰ;ѣ֤е²УҪԥֱӸҷ籨һŵġ֣˵
ǰѾֹյһͼֹҶһرϿߵĵ绰ֻǰһΪ˹ߵľģǺͽ궼Ҷһ󼴽ϵϢýڶţóϦģټҶҽ˵̬ȼ鶥סѹҶһذʱϡ
ģǾǰдҶ˴αϣһǼĵġҶһص
һȥƽҶһزǹϷ򸾽ڳ֮ǰӼһҽɴװлᣬºҶҲǮϵ˴ʣүӸǰȥһˣҪײİϵȫ
ءԶԶϻͷȻ֣ضҶ̲ס۾Ϸ򸾵Ҳ¶Ͳı顣
ϻ𳵵ÿͺͼǸСվ̨վŵĺƷûֲɴЩʼ˵𽥷Ŵ󣬻̸ָһ̸߽һĴŲԶȺƷǻţһͲͨ˵ҶһһУ¶ηͺɫ
𳵿ʼŻٶվ
ǰֺҶһصֽһ𣬡Ҷҽء
ء
Ҷҽء
ء
Ҷһغһ˽һ˵չүŹȣҶһغֱŻ
ȵߵضҶǰʱҶһſʱ׵Ů˱ڻ裬㣬չ˺Լд˱¼ʹϵʽ
Ҷ浻ǿеʪ⣬ضͲܲ˵ؿ޳ҽҪȥסҲҶһҪסʮ»̥һ⣬ƴģҪǸҲԼҪҵҪǳ£ҾʹӻֽȥҲƭ㣡
衭
ҶһЩεؿҶ浣ȻҶһվͬһߵҶȴվضߣؿҶһأ˵öԣ밮ˣԼ
˵꣬һֱվҶһһпڵҿɣض߾ֻˣ
һģüһ˿ɼͣ浽㣬ģҪһһزǾ˶زˡ˵øɴ
ضʱҲ뵽˴ȥƽҶһΨһˣ˲ϴ˿ڴ֮ͥ£һץҶһһץһ裬ӦˣһҪ໥֣úõȫȫβػҡ
֪ˣ衣ͬ
Ħ̶죬𳵻ͣסŴ򿪣ÿǴӻ³ÿǴкԼ󣬵վڼһڵģԾ
𳵵ˣȵվÿ³ҶһغҪϳˡ
ʵҶһغǻ𳵵ᣬЩÿǲһµģ𳵵רŵ³ţźվƺûʲô³ҶһغԸ⣬ʱͿϳˡ
ضҶһغֲɿҲĬĬ
ҶҽҶҽԶƺЩϤĽ
ʶسĵطȥֻŴѵҶһǵķ
ܵǰƷסǡ
ʶҶҽģƭ㡣ѦŬ͵
ѦǺׯ󣿡ϳˣϺרܵѪıӡǼġ
ת˵䣬һɽװӵͷǰѦǺׯ󣬲ʱͽ˴˹
ҶҽҺǸˡѦǿҶһأЩҵԼؿڡ
Ҷһصһʱ俴ѦǺׯŵ䣬ϲ¶һ˿;ǣ
ׯ󿴳ҶһصʣǰһţЦҶҽ˵ùߵһֽпĶڶξͲױȾˣҺѦǵȻģȻרҵҽԱôãʱҽԺæЩ죬һЩĹҲѧϰˣӦöܰæ
ǳˣǵ˻ڳڣѾ򲻵ڵƱˣ֪һȥڣǾһǰˣҲϣܰǵˣһôˣԲô˰
ǰеδڣȴׯصĻһĵǺܶ˾ΪҶҽĶݡ
Ȼ˵ҶһرϿǹҴ壬ΪҲǮԲǰ˾ľƩңеĿ涼Ŀˣļ»ΪṩƷܵͬеĳ
Ʃ·򸾣ǼԼںŵôĻʣĶǳҶһȥġ
ҶһؿѦǺׯ˴ӵЦݣһʱ˵
ҽ˼˵пҽҲӦȥģмӣʵѲ˵ںǣֱûһȾΪֹ
ҶҽҶҽҪȥƽˡ
ոѦǺׯĺ˵ע⣬ҶһϵϢǸ󱨿ǹٺǵˡѧ֪ͨϢѦǺׯĺкͽ쳵վԴģͷһӽǰ龰ͱֽϵϢϵһ
Ҷҽ
ҶҽҪƽ
Ҷҽ
תҶһصվվ̨һʮʮ٣ԭֻǳվˣϢѸٴվ⣬վֱߵСԼǣԼͬطվӿ
ƷѸٴڣó˺˺󣬲׼ȥ
վİԱҲѸٳûƱĲ׼վ
Ʊĳ˿ͽȥҪ·Ҫƻվ򣡡
Ҷһվ̨ϣҪߵڣ̾һҵϳˣȻӰ˳վҾˡ
Ŀɨǰеˣվ֣Ұ谢ҪҾ˾תٻϺںǵӻҪչˣ˵ллҶһص
æӦõģģұչ˺ĸ׺ͽ㡣
裬㣬ˡ
ضץҶһصٿ¡
Ҷҽذ
Ҷҽƽ
˺ԶסȺǵҶһصĶ䣬Ҷһضֱһƽġ˵ţԼ֡
أټҶһ̧ͷˣ¶һº͵Цݡ
أأҶҽ˷׷׻Ӧ
Ҷһغתȥһһһס󣬺Ǽýļ߶óҶһϳıӰ
˻ԶһĻ³ˣһԲȼѽڵĽգһʮͷ˼縺˵ϣ˿ƽĻ𳵡
Ҷҽذ
Ҷҽƽ
ѵġءмǵĺҶһغţµĻ𳵻ضҶ浸ŻܶʶĲʶġ
ϱŲ֣Ҷһػ¿ȥƺȺпһϤ˵Ŀһ˲Ķӡ
Ҷһ˵˵ͷԭ˰
ȥɣðҶһشض˵
ԽԽ죬ӰԽԽСס֣ڡ
šֻʣˡ
δ֪ǰʱĿֻź㯣ãڡ
ǻվҶժ۾˲ˣȥɡ
õģ


249 
Ӻǵƽ1934ĻٶȣҶһغҪڻ϶ȹҹҶһغһϳ˾Ѿǰȫ
˴αϣ·;ңԶ֮£˼豸Ϊ˴ο֮ҪƷġҶһ֣˵
ǰҶһؼޱЩר̸ͬչʾ˻ǰٴЧݣ˵ҽ֮רҵ漰棬Ǵ״ӵģرĳһȡһɾͻܲģΪһҩԲԶģôֽڡ
ҶһչʾٴݺͻǰƱʽҲͶұԼܵ൱»ûеȽҽ豸ʹҳŵǰ󣬵һƷ֧Ԯƽ
гŵģҶһЩͬǵĵһȽ豸
ҶҽģǶʮСʱְ࣬ԲЩ豸һһʱ˶ڡһݾηڣټ¼Щ˿Ҷһصʱ򶼴һ˵˾Ҷһصġ˵ԿڵĻģҲˡ
Ǿ鷳ˡҶһص
鷳ϽȥϢɡɽװӸæ˵
Ҷһػصᣬݲ裬ҶһػԼǰһƸȿڲϢϢɣģǶǾѵĶ˲ţ豸ãͰϹôѵˡ
ҶһԼ̫Ѩ֪ǻ̲ס䣬ȻﾲƵûšҶһָָԼؿڡ
ȵĲҶһԣΪҾǳɫģģҵ㹻Ųᵢ˵Ĳ飬Ƿ߿²һҲ֪ǲʵǸˣҿ⼸챨ֽ϶ҵı˵ʵֻ̿֡
ҶһŲ豭뵵ˮҶһص۾һ
Ҷһǰǲ۾ģʵЩֻҽԺͬеʱһж˵տʼΪҶһصͶǣһһ̨󣬾Ͳκˡ
ǵ˺ǣ߲ҽԱ£ҪӴ˶ˣҶһҲˣԸ˷ʱЩηϣ˸۾ϡ
Ӽϼϸ۾ϽĻɫװףһ˹ĺͽζ
ߣúܺá˵
Ҷһ󿿵αϣǲһġߵĻƽ̫ˣ̻ҿƽǱ߷ĵ籨ǱѾάֻˡ
Ҷһһ˵ţҲһƤʼܣ̫ˡ
ûгֻǾҶһ˵ҽƲ˵ƽеĻĿ֪ҶһҪֻǰ
ԽԽᣬȵҶһ۾ͷʧذԱߵȥѸסͷ漴ڰĴϣԱߵĹóҶһصϣ漴ǰСؽҶһϵ۾ժ
۾ԱߵϣҶһã漴ͷ
úϢͺˣһᾡûк֮ǵġ
˵꣬վӣŲš
⣬ǸɽװѵȺʱվãҪʺãʳָڴǰ꣬˯ˡ
ɽװ
αϴĶҵĸǰӿƽһ·ȺУ㲻ϸϾҲ
ϰţߵ˻𳵳ߡ
ƽǱߵĲôˣӿڴóһҧȴʼûóȼ
ɽװҲ΢΢ͷƽƺϺ࣬֯ԱߵƿǱȽģǲƽϺ潻ƽ򱾵Ǳ߶ǲų⡣
ΪֹùӶķʽѾӵԼһ֧װңʮ˶ǵĵϵԲᱳѣΪʱŵĹϵܹһһɸ飬ҽǻΪ㣬һ飬ܲĳйӴȫֿԼ쵼̶ȱⷴˮ֡
΢΢ͷʷأûʲôѣ㽭Ǳߵһǰʲôʱ
ݶ22ңԴӻǰƱʽ㽭Щµʲôв̽ԵС
ּҧеûеȼ̣סǿ㽭ǸΪ׬ǮⲻҵҶҽģ籨ȥôôǰС˼գһͶΪء
еĲֱ̱ӣǣȥ졣
·ҡգűϴķ羰ԽԽɪϵҲԽԽ١ƽѾܣѾ˱ˡ
Ҷһճ˷ʳдӰʱһʼǱддŵüͷɿʱ
̴ţҲԸ˴ŵ㿪ʼһЩܼ£ڰǰ˵󴦳˰ϴϴŵˮ˵ǰû˻Űɡ
顣
ſڳʱҶһغ극վڰĻ𳵴˵ķȥ
ڳԵӽһС죬ʵ:ʲôˣʲô£
ſڴһŮԴŵǸҶҽ˵һǻ¿͵һվ֮⣬ͨ˿һվ¹ˣгԱҲֻʣҺһͬΪǷ񡣡
ŮгԱ͸ŷ죬߹Ҷһأеľʧ¶Լ羴Ŀ⡣
ҵ˼ǣȳ˿Ƕ³ȥƽרˣֻҪӰл𳵽վǿԸҪʵͣһ㣬ǿʵһʡ
ŮгԱô·ƽƽԴţ˶ƽܳλҶҽȴȻϣŮгԱΪƽ˸мҾš
ҶһغʱҲߵ˳ǰҶһܸܵŮгԱ⣬º͵ضЦЦлл
ŮгԱһӾͺվ̨ĿɣܺóԵһţҲð˳
˵꣬ҲҶһغӦɿشӳǰܿˡ
죬üͷ΢΢ͷϴһºЦݵҶһأзĸַǳȻȻسԺ֮С
ôˣҶһע⵽ϸ΢仯
û£ո˵Ŀɣ𣿡
Ҷһ΢㶣û뵽гԱ˵仰ȥˣƬ̣΢΢ҲЩðô𳵲Ҳˡ
¶һ˿ټţȥ򡣡
ֻԽԽҫۣ᲻ڵĹâͱվøߣػסԼıȻҲЩѹءȥ


250 
һ𳵵ٶҶһصķԸֺ׷ַˡ
֮ǰҶҽ˵ܶˣǿһ飬ҽɴҪÿ׾Բժ£׵ֲܹ۾һпʽ˿̱棬ûУ
ˣһɽװѵصĶԱ̴Ӧ
𳵵ٶԽԽҶһغӰ߳ҹĻọ́ʹаʹ̣ҶһҲɴһƣ
¼˳æߵߣӹе䡣
׼ˡ˵
ͷתͷؿˣƽƼѣλ磬λ԰иĸ޶֮ġ
ģҵȱرԼԲκηվǰһλԱͦñֱ
áҼסǵĻˡ
˲ֻ赶ŪǹǶУҵүרϵӵٵģ˭֪Щ˻ûأһսлҷֱϵҲʳϡ
ʱĸϵͳϵִлӡǵˣڵϵＸԳͷġ
ҵǴˣҲ֪ЧңҶƽΪվһҲûаѧôꡣ³
СܵΪҹɱͷ­Ѫİȴֱţƽ򣬲ⳡսۣºԱǶϧмλġ
ĴǴͬС죬ܲ˵˼̧µļ򣬱ʾο
½ͦñֱдЦ
ҶһصĿɨаȴָᶨˣһ·еɢ˲٣ӢʱͨƺһݵǺȰʱΪҹ׼
һε𳵻ͣס
ҶҽӵվˡſڴгԱϤ
֪ˡҶһӦһͷ߰ɡ
ƽվ̨ϣɫƷվ̨Χʵʵվ̨⣬вҪ忪Ʒǵվ̨
гˣлˣΪʲôǽȥ
٣ǮҸǮҽȥɣҲ
ΪʲôܽȥƾʲôЩܽȥ
˷ʹֳάͷüͷ壬𳵽վͷ˵Ŀ𳵽վˣ󾯽ȦҪЩ˴ŵ͡
ǡ
Ʒͦͬʱߣͬʱվ̨ſڵǲȥ
ǶûأǾˣϢͨվ̨ϵŵһ˲ͷһȱﱻŽļλŰŮŮﲻðỰ
ͬ˳ĿҲȥƲƲ죬˭˼Ȩء
˵Ҷҽܿס𣿡ʵһ˿ϣ
ߵͬĬ˰ΣڵֲûǱʲôˣ˶Ȼ˶ˣ˵һҽһҽҲѰɣƽ򣬲Ǻǣۻҽ˵˭
˵󣬵վ̨վü˶һվ̨һӱЩѹ
ˣⶼǽܸˣɧջȥվǰ漸ŵһתͷ˽ļˣʱ⣬Ǻ;񣬾ֵ𾴡
ǡ
ǣΡ
ˡǰͷӿŴ򿪣ԵһԼı顣
Ŵ򿪣ȳһλгԱгԱһľƵĽݷڻ£漴̤Ž»𳵣վԣҶҽλ̨խС̨ףһһ¡
ʱĻ𳵿ûкôģ𳵸߸ߵĳСʯӵĵһٲСľ룬ҪһĽɡ
Ҷһص˴ӳллվͷгԱ˵
гԱЦǡ
ƽ˵ͷ˿гԱΪҶҽҶһأһ£ڹٳõķӦ죬ֻһ˲䣬ϱЦݵģ
ҶҽŴڵˡӿ
ҶһسƬ̣Ҳ֣ǸΪԤȾҴס
Ϊ׵룬˿ûбֳЦˣյĵ籨ϸдķߴʩֻûѧңֻ˿֣ˣΣ㹤ûλ˵ţƵЦƵؿӡ
λΪεͷԶԶԣҹûλ
վҶһһ֮ԶҶһزǣЩ¼ʹûʲô壬ҶһҲҪѧȥӦϰ
Ϊ׵鳤ձʱƽĲ쵼˶ȥڣ˻͸Ⱦˣƽľλ鳤ڼߵǸո˵ǸΣƷû⣬ֻΪ壬ͨЩ½ռϢ˵
ڻҲǿƽĵȨϢģֽдĶޣЩʺдȥҪϸϸ˵
ܺأһ鳤ƽＶһҲмһӱˣɲ˵ģһϺˡ
ܺ⼸һֱâԣֱǰ鱬ͻܵõϢ࣬⼸µĴʩھסƽǣȻƾĹϵõһƽûġµ
۾΢Уյ˵ͷ
ҶҽԼôʣǲ֪˵ʲôá
˭˵ء
ܺΪ׵ƽǹԱʮ飬ҶһܸܵõǾͺڻӭһһڻӭԼ顢ϡȴȱΡ
ҪٶӣߴȾ;ǿִǱزٵģǿִĻΡ
ʱϢƽϺǸǸŴƽ򲻱ϺСʱֹڿܺǶҶһصϢȫͨ귢ĵ籨ͼ޵֮ѯȡġ
Ҷһа̾һ㿪ʼΣɲȿ߱ü򵥡
ƽ򲿳ϸ˵ǹ˲ʺ豸
Ҷһغܺʵ˵䣬һʮͷӴҴҴվ̨ߵܺߣ鳤Ӣ˺ͷˡ
Ӣ˺ͷˣܺüʵ
Ȼӻشֻģ˴վ̨ڿ첽üͷ壬
鳤Ҹ˵ܶأٷ˳ȥǻӵòлյЦΪ׵Ǹط۵˵һڷǳĻΪйĬģǾҪ¿Ƕǵ֧ˡ


251 
ܺϵЦЩӲҶһ˵Ǹ漴µ˱飬תȺڵˡ
ôˣв³ҽҽܺʵĿתͿ˺̬ԺͻҲһ˿ɡ
Ҷһܺʽг³ҽ⼸ֵʱĿʶ䵽ǸʮĸߴϣҲǡʱ򿴹
¶һ˿ºƵЦ⣬ҶһҲЦźͲ³ҽ˵ͷ
һܺʺͻ˵ĶԻڼͿ˶ڻʱ򻹷˳ƽʮֲܺ仹ЦȴҲΪ˻˺϶ϵ·ȺˣվڵƸߵǷ˳ȥĻȺˣǺûǸ˵ȥˡ
ǵ˳ÿ²ʵĻ𳵳ȥҲ٣Ҳһֻ۱һֻ۵ģЩ¾Ͳطŵ˵˰ɡܺºƣ˵ĻȴֱҪ˿ûʾ˼
ǴûҪûֹȻ̫ܺʵĻش
ȷʵûҪ˽ǵͬųȥΪܺΪ׵ĻƺǸƣܶʱ򲢲ҪڣѾˡ»ûմմϲãȴûʱȻܺʵĻһʱҭ˵
һֱϸż˶Իü֪ΪʲôܺʱӱһڶƽǵĻȨˣƤϺ꣬Լֹ˵¾Ϸ˺Ӣ֣˺õͬʱ׷ʱȨ治ǡϺˡ
ˣĿġһԵĿֹ˻ٴοڣĿ⴩ܺҶһصϡ
ܺʵ˾ȵĿжҶһ˹ȥ
Ҷҽã.ˣǰյϺʹݷĵ籨˹޺ͷʺáʮòغҶһشк̬϶ơ
Ҷһ˲˵ݣҲЦŻӦ˹ҲӢ£ܸ˺档
ϵЦݸʵ˼֣˾Ŀ϶ϿȵĿҲ¶һ˿Ӣ£Ϊ֮£ֻ꣬һˣȴû˹һֱǵãÿбŷһ־ҵϲúϣ
Ҷһص̬Ҳ֣ˣҾͲֵһˡ
˺Ҷһصܺʵʮ־ȣֻǻûǿѯʣһλ̲סˣҶҽãǿâ.ҼԺҲʾʺ򡣡
ܺȨδõƽˣλµϢͨܶˣǰյϺʹרŷĸ֪籨˹˵˽ż͵ϵйλҶҽĸݡҶԭڿ
˵пöӢĵ˶öҶˣ˺ͻҲڿζʲôҽѧＫҫһҽǲֵֹġ
лǰ
ɲÿרǰǶҽ˵ǻǰܾҩҪǰ˵ٻҪ⾰ﻪĻǰô䲻λܸ˵㣬ΪҲҪλҶҽùϵ
Ҷһ֮ǰҲΣƽǾƸӣ϶ԱԼޣҪٶȶƣûЩǾģҶһҲǴùϵ
߶нõ˼ⳡͱø
ܺʵ˼ĿɿڴؿǰľЩʲôʱô˵ˣ
ƽǲϺϺǽĸأͷǿƣ󲿷ֵȨڻ
ƽԱ׳ơƽ򡱵ܵشձռݵĶλҲɲ뵽ƽڵˣ⽻¹ĹԱܺʮǿƵģȴû˺ͻλ¶ҶһһҽȻô
λҶҽƽǴ
µϸͿԭ³˿Сشӻϰ¶Ӣĸһʱ̲סг
³˵̫ںѵ˶ʶؿʱ̧豸סĿĲ³ҲάֲԼߵձСŵϵǰ־Ҫȥҿŵ
ֵµĶԱͱҶһضһҪЩе豸һ˸ֱ㶵ܹǰֹ
³ʱֵֹµûҶ˿ǲãλصĴҽʮߡ
ܺʼ״뿪˵ȴλ³ҽȻѹסŭתҶһء
ʦܣģǿµ豸ҵҪЩôôõֵġ³һڲôıǹһͱ˳ܺʵ˶һ
ҶһҲһй׼Ǻ¶˵վǳģ³˵ĿҶһܴεĺнѳ
ԣ˹صĻҽ˹صҽ͵ģ滹Ѫ򳣹桢ȫʵȷеȣʡһʱ䡣˵רҵϵ飬Ҷһࡣ
³˿ߵǼԣûűʵʵ豸Ǽ˶ӢĸЦøˡ
ǶҽҲܿҽһһ䣬Ӣġġл̸˷ܴȫվ̨Եˡ
ǰЩɵؿڵ
ڰ֣֪˵ʲôͦãЩ߰²ʺ˵ţǰһ֣ܺ鳤á


252 
Ҷһغ͸Ƕ³һ˵˾Ͳ岻ȥˣ³˺͸ǶֱӢ֯ߵҽѧרң˴ҽе˵¸ķߴʩӺɫķõۣܺʵĿɿڴ
⡭ǲҪȥһԲλҽӢ˺ͷǱ߻Ȩأƽܶ߿ߵĴʩǵ뷨Ҷҽէܺ俪ڵ
ȻĻû˵꣬ոջ۵첱ӴֵƺȻٴ˹ʶʱˬʵЦ
ܺȻ˵һĻôҲ˵ˣ΢΢˵
רҵϵ飬Զͷ˵
ܺԼϾ㵵ɫҲ´һϺЦݣϸܷЦݱ֮ǰĶһʵ
û뵽ҶҽºͣרҵȴǴ粽ãʵңҶҽƽãжپĺսʤֻܺʱ΢΢ͦ󣬴ֻλ
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⻰˵úܲܺȴ˿ı֣ϵЦݷʵˣǻĿһԡ
˵ʵյһλҽƽߵϢʱܺʲûж䱨ʲôϣ
ܺƽȹ˴뱲ӣƽ¶壬һҽͿĻƽҲ䵽ء
ȻλҶҽ̫ľϲʢ겻һٳʱˣһΨΨŵŵˣǲǰһ⣿ܺʵš
ĿڲԶЦź͸Ƕ³λҽ˵ҶһϣһϺЦʧȡ֮һּᶨȻ顣
ʦܣһȥԵ㶫𣿡³¶һ˿º״ǶһԲרҵȨ粽ãΪڴϰ״ӵһ̣ͱʦݺݵؾרҵȨ
ˣʦ֣ǽ鸺ˣܲõһܳȥСοҵͬѾˡҶһָָԶܺʵˣһ̶ϣͬ£ûд
³ʼ磬˵öԣԺеǻᣬðɣ˽еϸ㣬Ϣޡͣһ£ǰҶһصļ򣬡УԼҴӦʦģæտ㡣
³˿ʦǱˣǲڣǰרŸ³˷˵籨úչҶһСʦܡ
Ҷһº͵ЦЦʦ֣иǶҽ˵ƽڵƣϸ⴫ļҲСֺ׿ɲֹҽԺ㹻ˡһ˵ţһ߳Ա߻˻֡
һСԱ״СܵҶһߣҶһ˵䣬СԱ˵ͷ漴ѸٷشһȡһŵݸҶһء
Ʒ׺Ϳ֣Ǹǵļ񣬴ϰɡҶһؽݸ³˺͸Ƕ
³˺͸Ƕ˵˾Ҷһ̫ǲһרҵӲǰ;ԶͬеӣЦˡ
Ƕ˵к˹ֿ֣ϹϸϳģΪʱ־ɳǣҶһߣʱ⾫ϸ˻ԱǶҶһصĸмͳ羴֮飬ЩʮָȤֳԴ
ҶһҲƺͲ³˵䣬漴ܺʺȥ
ҶҽܺЦ
֪ǲĴҶһؾòӵĹܺʶ˲١
ʱ򣬰ҽеڵҽѾȫжƩʳ֮أһʱ޷ȫж
ȻרװжͣҽرǼ̨ҶһرȻҪԶ͵ģܺҲҶһغͲ³ˡǶ˵ıп⼸̨˲õĺöով˴к䳵ֱӿվ̨
ҶһؿŶԱСؽϻͬʱܺʺͿ˻Ҳֺϣһȥվ̨վñֱƷѸһһҷֳУִӵվ̨ȥ
ˣˣǿȥˡԶƺһЩҶһȥĿ⴩Ʒмļ϶һȺŮŮӲԶȥ
üͷʶһ壬ոջڵʣ˼֣תͷܺʣЩ뿪ƽ𣿡
ܺҲȻѾȫ֧ҶһأȻҲſ˵ǻͷڵԣԴȥʮһ£ƽǵʵƽǵ·˾ͱˣֻÿһεרпԽÿҪרгƽ˲١
վ̨ԽҶһѾϡſڴӵĺѣ꼰ƽϽˮƽǣˮֻƽǵ
֮ǰϺǡճǵȶѳС߳ǱѲŽȫ𣬾ƽסˣҲḴ𡣡
Ҷһ˵꣬ܺһʱûнӻҶһرΪ˵һЩЩ˶Ȩ󲻺õĻҶһѾλظȴûܺʳĬƬֱ̣תλ˵Ҷҽ˵öԣٳȥˣȥվк˭ӽ쿪ʼûиǷµļκ˶뿪ƽ򣡡
ܺʵĻһһԵĻͿҲͶ˾Ŀ⣬ſ̯̯֣ÿ͵ոտɲô˵ġ
ʶؿǸĻҽܺα̬ǰ󲻹СʱСʱܸı뷨ľֻλ˰ɡ
˳ſ˵Ŀ⿴ȥ漴Цŵ˵ͷҲֻλҶҽˡ
𣿡οеȻǽҪרгȥˣȻѾߵǰˣֻǻ𳵻жʣһʱϳ
ܺʻͷȺϲɫ߸ǰߵˣ
죬ҲʶؿһԵҶһһۣ漴ɴӦһ֪ˡ漴첽վȥͻȻ˵£ʵ̫ˣʹܺʿڣվҲһϣҪԳС
Ҷһؿλο첽ȥȻԼĪʮӺһӴƷվ̨Ա첽ȺѾߵǰ߸˵ϳΧס
СӵĿ˵ĺ˴ӰΧȦҪ嵽ܺǰ棬ֻû嵽ǰƷѾѸǰƷ
ܺʣ˵ϻڼҺӵΪȨ˲ˣΪҲ֪Щ˻Ǿ˭ҲúŪ಻ǿƲǳȥһȥҲ͵ͷˡӸ
ʱҶһһѾվ̨ſڣվ̨ſڻвҪＷˡϢ30ͨϰմʵ֣Ȼټ˵·ͨˣ벻г벻Ҫڻվ棬ܻܲϳȥ
е̨Ĵ취ҪҲɵ㶵ص棬վıסǶˣ˻ڻվɵȣϣϻ𳵵ĴһЩе·ϢͨͶȡɵˡ
ӵĺŬǰ˶ʶֹͣ˶˳ȥҶһһԼǸƷѹڵϵӡ
ǰԴеϰ壬˵к̨ôѹסˣ˵
˿еϰڴڵشŴ۾ݺݵضܺʣΪոֻ̫ΪҶһһֵƷվ̨ڵ˸еѹֳһʱ
ܺѾܾûиܵѪҺڵĸоˣƽǣôϺˣѪƺЩˣһͿ˷
Ǹո˵κ˳ƽǵĻ𣿡Ϳˡ
ͿȤȴûܺʾȥ⣬ǣ˶һۣüͷ΢΢ҪְȻҲɵģǺܿܺʵͼҲԥϾֹǻȨеҲͨȥġ
ôȿڣҪ֪ܺʵĴ㣬ǿͷŵĻҲӦ£ϾʹǱߵȫߣҲ˵ԵĻ
ǳ֪ͨ鱻סǰǣܺ˵ֵʱֻԼǻеѪҺƺһӳ嵽ͷĺ٣ɫ죬ԶһƬհˡ


253 
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վ̨ڿտܺʵûκڵشڳ˵Ķ紵ܶ˶һ¡
ʱ˵ĹǼܺսȺţǰ
ΪʲôҪǣñЩ˽ˣΪʲôǳȥ
ܷǣô죿ǲЩʶܺʿеķǺϿƶȵ
˵飬ӢͨԾסƽǵԼʵ壬ˣֽӢĹӰļһҪƾ豳Ȩƹϵ뿪ƽǵ˾Ҫˡ
ܶԽ̨ϵԽܺнʵƯ
Ϳüͷ壬ͨ棬ֽϵĶɲóģܺʵȻ˵Ԥ֮⡣ʵĵײԸⷢͨ棬ȻոջԴǵָܺʣڶôҲʱ͸˵
ȻҹĹҹٷ泷ȣҵȱزȫϡҶһز
һ߱Ҷһص顰۷ߡһ鵱ӹҶһǺһ۷ߡϸĶ󣬾þû
úųһ̾йʿˣγֻ߲ǡգҶһϸϸˡ۷ߡÿһҶһشҽרҵϷƽʱÿһĿԣԸơ
ʱڡǡһߣ۵ġ̶ȶӣƽƽǼȺ󻼲ӵųƽ֮˲ǼĿܣûôǣƽ򿿽տռӢȸǿ²ô÷ġ
ҶһҲֻг߲̾˵ҽǰѵִʹȾԼרҵҽ֪ʶҪһִȻٺõҲʹϾ
ϸϸһգһʩƽʵʸĽֻ࣬Ƿһ֪ں̬֪Բߣ˭Ҳûӡ۷ߡɾĽġ۷ߡҶһƽ֮ǰԵ籨ʽƽ
ҶһôҲû뵽ΪķߴʩʵֵһȻҶһصƽǵĵһͱܺ˳
ҶһصĿҲƽרҵ̬ȣַ֧ǵġ
ʱأãڵǲ³ˣӸոտʼһֱţʱȴЩͻأؿ˿ڡ
һ£һ£һºƽɿأ·¿ͨÿƽ֮˻Ҫգ뿪ֹϸǱҶһسƬ̣ʮƶؿڵ
ȷһ£
ȷ
áôҸַ֧һµġ³̧ͷˡ
һҲ¶Ц³ҽѧרң¹ĻȨأЩŶǣǰϧͬ¼³˵Ļɽɣ³˴һʹܺʿ֪ͨдӢǲᷴˡ
Ƕ³ٿҶһأǶҲͷʾ֧֣Ͳ³һϾһҽЩ߰ĿǣԸֻרҵԼЩǵˡ
״̯̯֣ƽǶһҽȻǣǺͿǱߵһعڵĵ籨ٳûлӦ뿪ƽЩϧ˾ͲѸǶλҽɻŵϵˡ
ǸƷѹڵϵ⼸˵ĶԻԼ˺ͻķӦ㵵˵ˣǰǸһʺˣҪס𣿸Ҫһ˻źٴ
ʱǱʱӴڴڵشŴ˰ȥĸ·Ҫ˳źķζסƵġ
վſڵҲӵĺǳǰɣҼҺӻС
ҽԺˣʳûˣٷҪǶ𣿡
ȥǳȥ
İǰмźӵĿŮżĺ
УȥҪˤµġҶһʶؿ
ЩϾҶһҡҡͷʱݲʺϳͷƷҲڿ˵ڳΪʮֿƣȻȺ鼤ܣûǿӲֶΣһʱƲסˡ
侲侲ΧǸʲôȥæܺʿΧһƷżضŵ
ͷľʿԶ˵ͷƷѸȺȥ
ӣҵĺӣȺкȻһŮĺ
˵ˣҶһʶǰ
ѪѪˣŮҪˣ
ϱϱ
ѪѪմЬˣ
Ⱥ˷ļҶһص˲иĻҪ⣬ŪþһʬĽ֡
ҽưȥһҶһس˵
ãҽ
鷳һ¡
ҶһӵȺ״ҲѸٽȥ¼µСԱҳнλסͬʱǿӲؽЩҵȺƵһԣӲҶһص˿һ·
ȺʺѪҺһ壬Ҳ侲¶̻֮ɫƷǳƿƾ棬еȺѸٷֿҽΧס
ҽҽҽϱͺӣȾǣȾǡһʮ˿ܶҶһأƺץһݣҶһصɿ
ոշиʱմѪһץҶһص·ҲմһƬʺ졣
侲ȿиһסҶһشӿܹСԱӹһףͬʱǶԶһ㣬鷳ڳŮͬ־æиΧ
Ҷһش˻һʿ˼ͬʱתΧһȦͬʱǰ˼ʹЩֵ˺üҶһؾи㹻Ŀռ䡣
ȥæ
һŮڴ·ϣô˿ţ붼ܣҲȥæӱˣҪһëƴ
ߣһȥ
ѽǹȥɣȥǸӡ
ԱһۣŵɿŮˣкƻڶŮѧдʱеĦŮɣصŮӡ
ӣ̰ǻ㵲ʵʵġ
ӣͰ
ŮǼ粢ż磬ͦñֱҲΧһȦ
ȦСȦԲ˴˿Ļ档
ллڱϵĲᣬˮĿѵɨϷһϸıӰлл
˵ˣǰ̥̣Ѫ̫ˣȡӤɴҶһصϥڵϣѪʪЬ׺ϥǣִ̧Сӹɴ
㡭ҪʲôϱӼҶһɴȥЩظߺ
Ҷһº͵¶һ˿ɫ죡
ӱҶһصŵúһŴͣѪҺŲ
ơ
͵ܹҽԺ
ҶһʱɴֹѪͬʱڲֹѪѹѪ̫ˣҪѪ֪ͨҽԺ׼


254 
ǣȥɣСʱǰƽѾֹ֪ͨƽ򼮵ǡ
ܺʵڿտĻվ㳡ڻ죬˻򾪻Żţӵ㳡
иɷǾɫɫ԰׵ӣ˫ֱͷҲܲסض
ҽԺҽԺҽԺˣҽԼˣҽԺﶼǴȾˣ˲ˡ˵ſǻͷ˫ϥУӱƵز̧ͷ
վΨһҶһͷҲ̧س˵
ʵһͣȻһɷĺӶݺݵקӽקиԱߣڵϵиԺܵɷĽӽѵҪ̧ȥɷ֡
Ķ켫䣬ѪˮʪĴ˱ֵ¶һӾӵɷ
ҽһ쵰˵㣬Ⱦôˣûʲôӣܾˡиɷ˲ӣץҶһص
Ҷһһ
ҽƼҵ̶ˣղˣҶһתͷʸոܹĲ³˺͸Ƕ
ȻֲͬͬҲҽԲȻ޶ԡ
ҽƼң³ظһʣݵƽҽ̬ȷʵʮУЦŵͷƽҽԺѾûнˣüȾľҽԱǵļˣҽԺҶŲ˲
³˳ĬƬ̼ƽҽԺϸԣʹвҽڲ˵Ҳʲôõѡ񡣡
³⻰û˵ģڳ˶úɷһͣظţô죿ô죿
ƽ̨㳡ǰܺʵݽڼ
ǣҲûзǣõҽȽ豸ͳҽԴˣǱ֤ǻᾡŬƸȾƽۣؽƽ򣬳ƽҲҪСңܺʣֻ̬Ҫƽǻһ߲ˣҾͲ뿪ƽ򡣡
ܣˣ
Ա̧һܿٴվ̨ܳ
վ̨ʱҽңѾʰˣϹȥ첽ߵҶһߣ˵
Ϊ˷ֹ¹ʣһеĻվʱҽңӦҶһؾ˵ʱ͵һʱȥҽҲ鿴˽ղ˵׼
ãȥҽҡҶһ֪վҽҲǸңǲܴﵽ޾ģǵʱѾûѡˡ
סһӣ̣⼸ǹʴҽأ㲻µġ
ÿÿ·
ÿ
ѩ׵ĵܺܿ챻ѪˮʪĴȾ˺ɫǼǰؿŵԶȥλųơƽһ߲˾Ͳ뿪ġ쵼ȰǣЩոսȥȨƷʿǱ˳֣
ҲƺԼʹ˼ȥѡ
ؼҰɣǲó˽˼ҴҲӭǹȥαسȥءȺкȻô˵
ǰؼҰɡ
ؼҡ
ؼң
˵֣˲ԶĳվһۣתϤĽֵȥ
վվ̨ϵܺʼ㳡ۼȺɢԽԽ٣³һתͷͬţͬЩӶĿ⣬ȻЦ֪˵ʲôǣӴûôʹ
ʢ겻ʢ겻͸ˡ
ܺʵͬǶЦеĺȾо㵵ͬʱҲһ˵ʱ̰ҲȱѪ黳һǰһǵģ߬ĳǰ
ţ˵ĿǱüᶨ
Ҷҽأ
վҽȥˡ˻ش
ʱҶһصȷʵѾ˳վҽңҽſѾһһ״ӵҽˣܹϽӭ
ѽôѪλҽһ״̬˲Ͱ˼ȣԭ˴˵վи£ʰҽң׼еͻҽʵʱЩˡ
һ״ӣԼ֪Լ£ɲҽѧԺģҲûҽʦִҵ֤վҽҵƸҪͣ˼ҽѧѵ࣬ϸˣһЩС˻߳ĲʹӦ⡭ѪӦ
ͷ亹ҽҽɫԥ֮λҽ¶ǰΣգҾ
Ȼǰû˵꣬ͱӭһߴһƿȻûзӦ֮ʣѾŵܿٴ߹
ҽҽ
ҽҽԭشƬ̣漴첽ȥЩĪ񲻺ãûİ״ӣ
˵ŲһԣһӢһҽҵҽĹԣӢҲǻ˵ԣȻûͦ˳
ҽҽΨһľǸſֵ˵Ļ
Ѫ̫ˣģһ£Žӽ1500ˣѾǻݿ˵ٽˣѪ
ߴ˲֪˵ЩʲôλſֵͻȻת˵̽ͨ˫·1500ˮ500ͷСʱڵꡣм໤𣿸ϣͬʱ׼
ҽҽЩ㯵ָָԼҶһصüͷһ壬ҪڣȴǸҽҽȻһ飬Ȼɿվֱ壬໤ûУҺУҺϣϣ
Ҵем໤ǣѾװˡҶһֿ̧˿ϵı
ͬĻȺŸɢãӿ˶ãüϡ£µͷ漴첽˳ȥ
ҽҵҽȻֻϹ򵥵ҽѵΣڳվҽҹô꣬ľȴǲȱģɿעҺҲǳ˳ؽ·ͨ
֪ʲôѪ𣿡ûм໤ǣҶһֻԭʼķʽȷ˿̵״̬һ߰Ųľһ̧ͷʵ
ҽĿⶼ˲ɷ
ѪѪͣʲôѪͣɷһ㯵ģ
ʱҽƳʶȱҶһɷĻش֪ܴϵõѪ͵ĴˣOѪҵӦӦҪ鷳λˡҶһؿ˲³˺͸Ƕ
ҵģҲOѪ³Ӣ˵Һ͸ǶڿƷȻǲʦѧѾʮûˣֻܾ˵ţֱӶֽ⿪˴ͬʱϵ·Ͼ¶ʵֱ
áʱΪ״ӣȻ˭˭޹˵ȾͳȥɣҪ׼ʸˡ
ȥȥˣ˵ȶȥҽҵҽԾеĽɫҶһز³˸Ƕҽϡ
ɷۼؿһǸ𷢱۵˵ֱۣѪҺ˳͸ĹӴǶӵֱ۴ȥ
ҽҽǸʲôôϱ˵Ѫϱ۾˰ɡɷš
ҽҵҽԵøǿӲһѽק⣬Ϲʲôأ˼ҿϸϱѪð˷յģ˭ϰǾ˵㡣˵ţҪš
ɡǡ
ûǣߣȥߵȡ
ҽȥ
ңҽҽ˿Լİ״ӣ̾һҾͱˡȻֻǶ̶̼ӵദҶһصǰһ˵С
ԼԼ״Ӵϵĺҽ󰡡
ҡҡͷԺ߰뷨˦˳ȥ漴Ҫš
ȵȣﴫλҶҽ
ֻһ飬˲䣬һһӿ֫ٺԼصӦһ


255 
ңַɿܽҽҡ
ҶһЩֵ̧ͷһۣͷԣϹ̨𣿡
ûûС
Ҷһ̧ͷƺЩʮ״ӣšһ
šʲô˼òֹţͬʱ̲ס¶һ˿ɫոմЩ˿ȷǰ˵ݡһССҽȻۼҸƽĴҽƽһҽԺûųɡ
ϸ500ֹͣѪûкңҪҶһϸ۲Ų״̬ͬʱͷҲ̧˵
ʶؿ鿴ƷĸǶ漴ʶҶһں˵̵ңûûУѪһῴϸģ
ûкζŲҲûУÿһڿҪʱѾĺϵͳȡһݿ˵Ĳ˵ǼΣյġ
Ҷһ³˺͸ǶҽҲ
Ҷҽ㻹ڵʲôʱԽãӾԽΣգڱʸǶҽеƷҶһسٳûжؿѵ
Ҷһ̧ͷһҽǽϵĹӣٵȵȡ
ٵȵȣڵʲôǶҽ¶ͬɫڱסӵҪģ
ȵȡǶʶʲô̧ͷòŵĿ⿴ҶһأҶס
һѪ1500Ĳ⵽ҽƻеԱϵʵĻҽȻȫסΪϵ
ǶôţҲô˵˳㵱ϵôȥֻ˶סĳѪ1500³500ѪͲ˵ʸѪ600ңҶɫҽ֮һҲܾȻһʧȥȫһѪҺĲ
Ҷһ۾һգҲգع۲Ų״̬ᣬֻҪѪ400ңȡӤֹѪͻü
ҲOѪֹѪȡӤ󣬷ϹüҶһһ˵Ρü֪˵Ƕǻ˵Լ
Ƕҽͣһʱ˵
ʱſڴ˼ٵĽŲſҶҽˡ
Ҷһʶسһã
СԱѸٽҽеҩƷҽң뿪Ҷһص˿
վҽǲܴﵽһ޾ģǴʱ˿Ѿ˲ôˣʶʼѵģʹʧѪ˵һ仰
Ҫ£ûµģϾͺáϻио𣿡ǰſº͵ҽô˵
ʶƺһûоľʹˣʱʹľˣоͲôˣԥƬ̣Ŷ˫º͵۾ص˵ͷ
ȷҩѾúҶһؾߵҽλϣɨһۺóе漴˵ͷ
Ӧһͬʱɿؽ˹ȥ
ĶƤӹ򿪵˲䣬Ҷһغ͸Ƕı鶼ǳ͵ıڰƹǰ̡̥
ȰѺȡĳѪ̫ˣĸһ֧ŲסӾΣˡǶ
ʸȻҪ⿪ѹѹһ⿪Ѫٴ˵ˮͷһðʹҶһѾٶҵԵĳѪֹѪ³ȥٺ뻹˳
Ҷһû˵еӹ¶ν룬ܿ˾󲿷ֵ̥֯Ȼп㣬̥ȫ¶˳̥̱¶ɲǣѸջݸ֣漴ִпڲλ԰벿̡̥
˺˿ܸñƤ̶֯ȵر񾭺Ѫܲ𺦣̥Ҷһصͬһֽһ㣬˺ֽű˺ѵ
͸ĤѾܱȽؿĤ̥̾棬ҶһصСĶٵĤҪȡӤˣȥ֡Ҷһص˵
Ƕͷһֻȡݸ֣ͬʱȡֻλãȻʹűףǶҲֻܸܵ֯ԼˮĵȸУһڿҽʵһ顣
ҶһһĤһҩһӤȥ࣡һӤͷ˳ӿһ㣬ҽӺˡ
ּǲŽУСסӤͷĴˮĴú˵񾭶
Ҷһصٺܿ죬Ӥͷߣһֱӽ޸ߣ˳ۼֿ죬ʦͨһסӤβ
״̬˫۽գƤΪˮݾ˶ԵЩͰ͵ģɰС̫̫
ָдɶһ˵ĸоͷŷһҽĸо
úúӣǻҪ
Ҷһؼַ㶣ƳһۣͬʱЩࡣ
ʶһ飬һӦһáǸͷƵģһϵĲ³˶ȻʧЦ
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Ҷһص潫ҩƷע䵽һλѪʸڣͺֻӣ޲24Сʱڲߣⶫûͬ˵ô档
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ǶԺ˼ǧҶһصĿҲ֣أҶһز֪Ƕ仯ʱҪԲĻ
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ոҶһصϥѪˮУŴȶѪˮʪѪˮ΢΢״ףԸܵĴĺ⡣
ժףȵָҶһرĽ״ֱоĲôˣŽԼëҶһصСϡ
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ŰɫԶȥ˾εسһٴĨĨԼĶͷתͷЩֺõЦݵԲסλˣˡ
Ϊ󣬱Ӧġ
Ҷһغ˾ƽ氲ŵģǵصصƽ򱾵ˣĴ˾
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˾һ߿ųһ߶߶ƽ˵ţλ𿴸ո˵ƺŵģǽġ߰ˣȾֿ죬ܶȷԼȾûˣͻ͵͵߳ڽֿڻԺŲҪȾӣЩûĵģ˿ȥʱ˶ģ˾ͻȡůžȥˣʬͷʱסҲˣλƽ·ԿŲˣǧȥкɲһǻء
˾˵ţԸоԼһҶһؽס֣¶˾ռߣҶһ˵ȴǼĳ
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ʽ԰סլŶһС·Ǵ죬Ժڻвɫֽ̽ǽͣµɲǣȴűѸƿͬʱϵ¼ԱǷɿӳ漴Ҷһغ³ǰһ·Сܽӡ
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Ҷҽλƽʱλİȫ˵λƽǾ¾ֵԱҲ¶һ˿Ц⣬ȻλҲòǣǸĻǵǻ24СʱڸֵأҪõǣʱڡ
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ʱҶһѾû˼ȥעЩڵĶˣվӵҪӵȺֵά˵Ľֱʬ壬ѾʧȥĳиҶһļĳ
ٳ˸裬ĴѪĿӣҴҴԡҳ
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257 
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˵ƽ֮⣬гڡԽǡεȵСǣǲ
ƽǱĽͨŦϵʹҪͨƽУȻƽǵ鲻صģƽѰǵҪҪסƽǵ飬ͨϷƽ·䡣
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˵ԴӰǰ߱ߵĳΡԽǽʧأӿƽ׵ľǸҽԺƽ޿β˵ҽԺ޿õҽɸΪ֮
ܺȻΣҶһػǴϿʧͱ֮⣬Ҷһһ漴ܺ仯ԭλƽǵľò¶ü˷ǵľģȴԼзˡ仯֪
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Ҷҽ˵ķּҪҽԺҪҪҩ⡭ѩϼ˪̸ҽԴܺһ΢̲סڵҶһضӡ󣬺λεĸ֡
ǵ´ҶԷ߿߹⣬߿߲βˡûЧҩڵƽûСҪ̶ȵؿס飬޷㣬һ𡢿ƸȾԴڶϸȾ;ǾѾȾĻߣһڶҪ̫ҽԱ룬ǵѾȾĻߣûЧҩ£ȱҽ豸£רҵҽԱܷӵҲޡ
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䡢󹫹ҽңѧУҽѧ
ڳվҽҵʱҶһؾʶʹֹⷽ⣬ƽΪǣȲϺȴҲǻҽϵΪƵĴˣƽѧ˾ҽѧϵ֡ҽҲ٣ֻܹǳҽ֪ʶѵʵʹл۵Ĵʵ飬ˣֻҪ΢һѵͻһϸĿҽ
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أ˶ˡǰиȾĲ˶ûдȾԴˣƽǾͰȫˣָܻˡ˵ô׵ģˣҶҽո˵ˣԼױΪ񻯡
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Ķ̫ˣǶͬ⣬вٵģҪʱȥ˵ǻڶλϵӣ࣬ݳϿҡ
һһڳԵģǿԵ㡣ϽʳгһȻָǿԴϽʼԵ㣬ϾȷʵʮޣҪһ̯Ҳв
ãЧĻ͸˵ϽָܻĻƽǾ̻ˡҶҽǸ񻯣ϸ˵һ˵
񻯾ǡ
ҶҽͷȻʵмױƣ˵ʵƽʱǵĹʮޣҾԼױΪӦֱӹϽѲӣ˫رջá
ҵרλóģҲ룬ֻҵרҵǶȸ飬ȾסķҪǺʯ̼
Ҷҽ
һش𣬴ӳĬУӻɵϣܺʵıʼʼǱĦţһֳϣȻоۿЩɬǸ˵ġ
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258 
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ȵһλԱֹ߳ݴźһųźƬģĶҶһؿƬ̣սƬ
ǻˡߵҶһߣڵƽǵ߻ʬ崦ȷʵֹۣǳǱߣڻĵϵʬǧ֮⻹Լδٷġ
ʶԼڴƬȻҲû뵽ƽǾȻѾزǿĵϵĿģϹսӲڻ㱨ʱЩ¡
Щϵݳͳƣƽÿ200ϣٵʮ£ʬɽĸ־ͻʵС
׼ҶһĻǲľϸڵ¶ϣͨ޺ģһֱͻһ޴ϸģ޷ơʹȾԴһйΪͽ͡
ⷬҶһѾһˣǶڳһʹսҲҪսѵʬؼΪ˵ᡱʵǺЩ
Ϊ뷨Ҷһأû̷񶨣Ըѡȥ漴˼ĿԺͱҪԡ
ûڻֱȷģǺָ׳е񾭣Ǳһ˷κ˿뷨ȵϽȡһɹһͽǱ߽棬ƽǵС
ҶһشĻƽǵĴСʿ𼰰Ǳߣһȥ˵ǵġؿ֣غࡣ
ĿԣܿͰҶһص뷨ͼ֣ˣĵ׻ûطһ˿ܸС
̾һߵҶһߣǳǳؿɳϣظԼᰮ˵ĺ󲱾ϣԭΪ㹻סģߵ̫ˣҺ񻤲סˡ
ʱȨƵļ֮ͥһ㵽ʱ׼Ȼ˥΢ϺءˣҶĸҶ浿Ҷһ˵ĸУȨռƵһֱȻֻԼֱ֪ڣûдҶһؿϲ߰ۡ
Ҷһܵ仯ֱָָָ̧У漴΢΢սһӺܳһЯֲ߲Ųôۡ
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ѾõƽǵɵϳһװʿɫƤųһͨƽģϽʻȥ
ڷ޷ġѹ£ƵĳбǰδеǿжһʱƽǸžѾ˷Ǻ׼
裬裬ö೵
⡭Ҫɶѽ
죬ȥΧſǹأ
һʵǹɵʿƤɫľǴͷβʵʵʿȫ˿ֺףֻ¶ֻ۾ؿǰ
ȫΧСʱΪޣСʱ·Լκʱ򣬶׼ժǵĿֺףûУ
ˣʿʮػش
شϺھٵָ£顰ৡɢʿľƾϽĸ·ڷס
ʱ·ϻмͨеˣ״ɫ䣬ǼȺʿʵǹɵɱʮģЩηηزǰ
ջһģ˴ǰվʿʵ٣Ƿʲô𣿡
վڵʿͷ˶һۣ漴ĿɨڲԶȴЩɪİգתԶĳϡ
˲֪֮ʣոǸת뿪ʿ˻ֻһߵԭλվȻһƽʮеĴɤŵͷϽ˶ˣסˣߡ
ϵ漴߽紦Ͻµİ̽ԵߣЩʿû˼æ첽뿪Ͻ
ϽķеʮѸ˳ϽбʳóģгϽסĴũС̷ЩϢͨĸȨڲʱѾõϢϼҴڵҹ뿪Ͻ
ܸճҶһΪ׵ķ߰컹ܺΪûȥֹΪϽԣЩͷĶϣƽȫǷ£ϽΪԵҪɼЩȶء뿪һ¡
СʱʱϽµ˿뿪һгĦгʻϽĴССͷЩļ׳һȴڽʱߡ
Ϣͺʱڶߵжʮֵ͵ģķǣĳЩϢͨȦȻ󲨣ͨ˵ֱۿʵǹɵʿվھԵʱǲһ˿иС
˽ܳţɪվſڣֵԣһźʹ򿪣űߡ߻վţţĿⶼԼͬؼڽһ
ǣûзǣϺĴҽѾƽˣʴҩ˵ϽǱʳóģʳӦֻǺˣƽǲܺãܺã⼸ץȰϽߡ
Ͻ·ڶˣڷڼ䣬ûбҪҪţ¸Լ׳ŵǼÿҵַʳˮÿÿҪԡʹաͷۡŻ֢״ĶʵϱֲҲ֪ڼֻܵᴫȾھӣǸȥи㣬ϺĴҽͻлϣ
ҲҪţƽǶѾˣǮĵٵģЩ˶һ΢¾֪һιҪǣҲ˷һ£͵ǾȾԼˡÿڡ·ڶйڽļ׳ְ࣬֨۲֤˳ģôҴڼ
ϽĴСﲻֹһȣͨ˴ſ˴֣ûͳһĸӣü߶߶ķʽԽַŷߡ
ѾŰ˴֮ãÿ춼ʶġϤȥӾ̵ľƽǵİǾͺһֻ©ԼһһһɢڿУǵķŭһĿֻź;бĥƽ
һһ̶ˮĳУǲֽϿĳ飬ѧͶҲӰסʺЩƽǱֽͷȨ鱬ǰ¾ѾĶӡ
Ǳģ׵֪һ㡣ǲŻŽص£ֻԼ۾ġ
һװʵĳͨ·ڵľʱԱߣĿƵĶŴӿжһףĿ𽥱ƽ


259 
Ͻķϵ˳ڻԱϵ£Ͻİǵ϶ȻǳߣȻտʼʱÿ컹ǻбѲǿƴӼߵ߻ߣʱһȥϽǵĿֻźͺһСšƬƽ
ǵûбڽơһ֪£ͨϰɷѲԱǲһ˿мѵһ͸Ǹе͸м
Ȼ͸мıڶġ
ҶһؼѴӺǺϺʶͶ뵽׶εϽԭƽǴһڼµľȼõģֻµľȼã֧ƽתһ֮ãҶһִš£Ų£ʾͻĴ
ҶСĵֻ̰߽ƾЩ׳ͱ˾ɷʣٶͥȷʵѣԶԶڳԲϷĳ̶ȡַʵĹԱż¼һٵݣֻԼĶڵѪ
һȾûмʱƣʿԸߴ50%ϣŷʮ͸ĴۣҲϣصޡʱȷʵޣ˵ʲʲôֻҪ֤ǵ·ûдǵĴʩмֵЧģôȻ˰ǽ֮ǡ
Ҷһ̧ͷż¼ĹԱºҽǻᵽﱨֱӰǴȥΣСǾ仰ʱϱ㣬Ƴɱ
Ƿʱ˵ľٴ̫ףϾϺƽԼԿ˺ͻΪڹţλʵĻҽܲܿס顣
ܣôЩ˻᲻سＯúĺڱϹĹҲʮ˳֮һϽķûдﵽԤЧôֵΪ϶ɵľٴ뽫̱ҶһһһһۻҲ˲̮
ⶫǰ˫нƽ֮ǰѾ뵽Ľ
Ҷҽ׼ˡſڴµ
ãϹҶһطϣٴѹѹԼֵز֣漴첽ſȥ
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ƽǵ۸ӣҶһصĸʩ෽еּڳɹûгǰԼݺס֤Ҷһصĸʩܹ˳ȥֻԼȥҶһߣҶһصİȫ
ҶһЩεԼ̫ѨûڲеҽԱȷʵЩ˵ûа취ʳҩ豸˲ǵϡȱԴܹһҽԱⳡսбزȱĽɫڵµƽǣҽԱһǧˡ
õչˣмӰಹҽԺûо߷ĵĹˡԺȷҽԱж٣
ԺûֱӽӴȾߵҽԱһٰʮˣ˵ģʮûнӴɸȾԴκȾĵǰʮˡ
һ벻ҶһصĬʵʮ棬жҽʦ
ʮѸٴ²ĸһ赶ŪǹжֵһԾ׼¼ݵġ顱Ľɫתֻ졣
ǱӦѾѽҽԺԺʰˣơȫƺóȵһڰǱҪʱĽҽƣʱ鷿һ߱׼ֲᣬӡһݡҶһصţԼɽװ¿ڴͳһСʼǱѸټ¼ţųһʱֻʣҶһز˵ͱǼֽӴġɳɳ
γ·ͷ˸䣬ͨһĴʻһ׻ɫʯƴţǵ͵ʽģ۵ʻǰԿ׻ɫдšƽѧá
һģ˿ʻ첽һ·СܵӼʻԵĲѯʣ˾λԱߵĸóһŷݸ
Ҵҿһۣ漴Щн˫ֵݻ˵һȣǿš˵ţСһۣдź;η
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ҶһؿǸֱֱ۴ԲԶĴŷ򺰵ʱŻ򿪣ٴ
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߽ãĵ֪ƽѧģƽѧѾƽҽѧϵеʦܸоһ桢η򼤶־Ŀϡ
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Ҷһ΢΢òضףãΡ
ƽҽѧϵʦˣлģƽСҽѧѵǣͷģҹҳѧԱϣϵϵĶϵˣΪʱãԱ࣬ϵҲһʱ£ݹǻȥһҶһǰߣһ˵
Σˡ
ôǰ̸࣬ƽǵƽǰҶһǰĵһλã⼸λҽѧϵĽڣǽѧŽڣڿѧڣѧġ
ΪҶһһһܣ߶ػкλڿҶһصĿʮָӣипм͵ľȻۡ
ͬΪʦһ˲⼸λڵȻЦЦż¶һº͵Цݣʱ̣˶ûкѵ˼ֻǻϤ󣬱⡣
ǶѾѧ˵ˣѧǵķӦҲʮֻʱ򰴵ӦôģۼģϸɸѡǾȺСһǵһδԼİ״ӣܻҪһʽġδûʲô쵼ȺСһﶼ˵䡣½ڵ
ҶһصĿɨԶ϶ѵ鵫ȴİ״ӣ˵ͷ
ѧǺڼĿϯ̨վڻͲǰԼĪĬ˰ӣڡ
죬еĵ죬Աܸ˺һڲμӿ߹ҽվʹҽ⼸˽⵽ͼҪ顣
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Ҳ˵ڣõĿ£250ͶⳡԿߵս250˰ҽʿʿҽƽҽʦҩʦռҽԱ㣬250ҽʦҩʦᳬ30ˣʵϵͶ빤ҽԱԶԶС
Ҷһ˵ʱ΢΢ͣһ£̧ͷ̨ˡ̨µѧû˸ոյ˷ܺͼ㯡㵣ŵؿ̨ϵˣڵһŵҽѧϵں쵼Ҳֱ壬Ͼ
ȻƽǴô꣬ûйעЩݣҶһֵķʽֱ˵ؽƽĶ̰չʾһҽѧϵʦǰž㵵طڵµĿ߻УһҽȻҪٸˣ⻹Ͻƽأ
˾޴üƽѧҽѧϵĽڵɫԽϾҽѧҲʶǼԵĲһμĵսҲʲôչʾѪͰĵʵһսۡ
ΪһҽȻվҪһȺҽѧսҸеʮǱǸֻѡˡҶһ˵̨꣬һұ״̬þûб仯
̨һȺ͵Ħ죬᳡е˶վ
ҶʦȻǻûִգҲҽ
УʱͱϣԣҲҽ

֪˭ȿĿڣȺʮͷѪһЦֱۺţ˵ϱѧʱϣԣһ˺ԽԽɴغҪȺѪͷԵСһǰȻûԽԽıС
Ҷһֱӣĳ棬ȻһҪǵĳ嶯ʮꡭഺѪͰ


260 
ƽҽѧϵʦǵļ룬ҽԱȱ˽ϴ̶ȵĻ⣬ܹǿӦԵ¸ĵ״ˣҶһرдġ߱׼ֲᡷӡַһߵҽԱΪָ
ʮĥϣĵƺþȻǴﶼµľȻΪҶҽȫԴͶ뵽ϽĿУһǵԴһ飬ƽȫ濹߹ʽչԱʽȱ⽫ٴͻԣҸء
ˣҲֻȥΪ˶Ǿֻʣôһ·ˡ
죬Ͻ߻һνλھ죬һν˸λȻʮ˷ʮһˣ֪Ͻǿסˡ
˷򣬰ʮ죬ԼױΪλ½ˡҶһ̧ͷЦ˵
̫ˣ
꣡İ״ǻȸԾš
ʱ칫ҵʹǰ·ѣ׶ԵʤҲǻϲá
ôĥϣ߰ѾγһʮЧʵİ칫ʽҶһصָСʱѾ˸㣬ױǼ˸߲ҵܳȥ֪ͨǵĽַǡ
裬ſڷ˺ŶǿԳȥˣûдȾˣǿԷߣǸΧطҪȥŶﻹܱȾġһ׳˺һ˼ſڵķһʵݸס
һʮģĸŮ̽ͷ׳ݹʣ¶һ˿ĺΣԳȥˣյشǰĴŮԲ԰ȴһ˿εϡ
ԣ裬Գȥˡ̫ãԴүȥߣںܰȫһҪȥ֪ͨһˡ׳˵űǰߣͷҪ֣ϴθǷģȻҪǮġ
ĳϽݣ·ڵĴظϽİϢһ˷ڱȽ˭˭ҡ
ͬʱϽģϢһʱƽǸİ칫ϡ
Ҷһݹľٴ룬ϽÿĿݶṫϽһñã̵ļҲ̬ȣʼҶһ񻯷ľٴ롣
ǷӦǼ¹ݣ˺ͻڷϽݲʵؿλڻվĸĺ󣬵ϣֱѧǵ
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˻ҵȫ񻯷ϸڣҶһ֪ûᷨȾʬ塱ʱˡ
Ҷһ½᰸ַеʱ򣬼ǰΪҽԴһ޲ֱֵĸ߹ʿͬס˲ӣһʱ˵ոջֵͬгĻ˲䰲
ܺʿҶһأϵıӾͿЦλҶҽﲻݣòȺϹŰǽ˷Ǻͳ񻯷ʲôᡱ
ѾϵˣᡱȻле񾭡
ŵĶƽȨƵˣǵļ˼ʹȾҲú˵ʬ壬ǱʬߣݲݰڳĿյϡ
ˣҲ·ζʲôԲȵºͼ˳ܵƽͨϰյĵϡ
Ҷҽ⡭ûиõĴ𣿡˸ɰͰ͵ؿڵ
ǰǰҶһַЩƽǵȨǾԻˣڣϽǰǰĵطѾߵвƽĵط
ЩǰǰϽܳģһ˼ܣλҲвٶ˼ҪȥϽסģֻǷ߰ܵϣϽЩʵǹɵֲͨڣʹǲóС
ҶһܾƽǣܾһѾΪ˵ĹʶǾʵҲûеһʱ䷴
᰸ĺмϣҿϸ˵ģʱҲϰλҶҽ˵ķʽ
ǲòϣǾɿԵĿ̸Ҷһصַʽ桢ЧҸŷ
⼸иеĲˣһǸȾԭر棬Ͻ߸벡ˣ˵óĽۿܺƽеǻһЩƫûġ
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Ҷһתʱ֧ĺڰϻȦڶ࣬ಢǶĹϵ໥תڶնݱɵһ࣬һ͵ڶ໥תݱĹϵڣǵĸҪǿס˵һ࣬ҲǸȾԱڶ͵಻ԿƣһͻԴԴϵزƽٶԴҲġ
ڰϵͼˣûոջϽʤͷԵЩ侲ˣϽ»ָǲһƽлָҲǼµĴ
ҶҽأǴȥССжҲ˲ٴˣķϰҲˣ˵ʲôݿƶһ湤ǿȥⲻ󡣾ʬ崦⣬Ҫٴӳһ£˵ڰնԷǷķӦûôˣʱڣҲҪټìܡοЦſڵ
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ڻӮ˹㷺ͬͬΪҽѧģϯƽѧҽѧϵļλڶҶһġᡱһĴʽ
ҶҽЩͷ۵Լ̫Ѩ˵Ļð֮踡
³һλȥֳɣǻǿҷԣͬӺһʱ䡣ҶһصĿɨڳˣԵһӦܾϾûԸȥѻɽʬ壬ҶһسϿҵĿӣջǵͷʾͬǶλҶҽء
һӷʻʻȥʻȥ󣬼Ƥ֪ŴճǺ棬·ԵЩˣ·ߵҲʼ٣ֻܼǵ񷿷ֲ·ԡ
ĵƬ̫˲ûóҶһؿڿڴĶҶһôܿȥϴ裬ҶһùӵʱƬʹӿڴƬϵĳҶһشһӶ
һɽǰȻγɵİأʬһŷţܶ඼ѾʼˣٿһЩŵþͲôˣ˵ţܶʬ嶼ƹ죬Ҷһص˵ģŤŤصţߣʬӹþˣľˣʬ弸ضѵһ𣬹һСɽ
һıĵȻ
ʬӵʸߴٷ֮ʮ壬ߵռ˰ٷ֮ʮʣµİٷ֮ʮĲ֢Щǳǿʬĵܱߵľ񻼲ʣߴٷ֮ʮԶԶƽǵƽˮƽ
ոڵƽÿңҲ˵ÿŵ˶԰ϵӡ
ҶһתͷȺȫƽȨƵˣľŻȻ𣿡
ˣҶһػƽǴССʿգ򡢱ƾٳİֵεֳԼԼѾ̲ס޳
ϳʬӣðԼʬأ
̲סڵֻǻһڣϾ¶Цɫˣʱʬ壬Ҳ֯ʬˡ
ϸڵµ¿ʬϣֻϵʯܱ֤߻ʬ岻ΪȾԴҲһҪģ淶ʱɥƶȡԵʬ壬ģеļȫȾӰ졣
ѹֵĿԽԣһԵĳĬӿ


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ûûµģԼıǵġ
ҶһվʱſڣܹԶǿ߲ʬĿյء
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ڿ飬ҶһصһʱûӦ˵ʲô
˵ǲûйΪ㿴׳꣬滹ˣСıͻľģԲǵӺӺͳҶһĿƵؿ
£֪ͨ䴦˿ֵİ׼룬Ҫ󱣳һҵľ룬ٸȾա
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ܺʺϻ˲ȻҶҽҲˣֶĸоһ㶼棬λᴦǴϺ¾ֵĻˣզҲźء
ô룬ҶһغѾ򾯽߷ȥˡ
ԶԶҶһһ˵ĵǰİտʼЩɧԵıʿԴЩࡣ
ҶҽҾ仰һʶƬããȺд
ҶһؽŲһ٣ĿķȥĿǰɫɥһʱҲˡ
ҶҽŲʶңʶƽѧҽѧϵѧΪѰ󷽱𣿼Ȼڳ԰æڿӣΪʲô᣿˵İվ˸ߴʹܱҶһغ͸
ǧʬ壬ôҪڵĿʮֺֱڵºӣֻһӾȾôĸȾԴеļȫʧȾӰ졣Ҷһʮػش
ƺȽϼȴܿ챻ͬ鰲סǸƽѧѧʵԺأʬô죿
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Ҷһû취ش⣬Ϊòƽظ᱾ǲƽģЭǱģȻĻԲеô˳ڵҪǿס飬׷νľԹƽ
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ֳڳ˶еԾ
ڱλͷȫװʬȫ׼ϡ
磬վñֱһڳѾ׼˶λõλãʿ˾ߣһؾ߲Ϊ赲ǽΪȷȫ룬˽Σ
ʱһһȥֳžأֻϡѹֵû˴ߴ٣û˲ͷ˰վţֱԼĪһСʱ󿨳۶Ⱥɫ̵ˣϵ·ܺǵݣһȺһȺʿ
йԱ첽ǰȺ˽һľǺк͵ʿһۣ׷¶ɫǶ˵ֱվ
ͷͬʱ𣬰ڱָӵһ¡һէ죬ʱ죬ѹõİǷޣ󣬲ʱаͳкż˵֡
ںһʯұ㵹Ƴһʬ붴У𣬰˵Ŀòɢ
ղģҾõӣ߰ɣߣǵ˺ʹޡҶһﰵ³ŵ
һΪƽⳡʱαת۵㣬ˣƽ赲߹ȫƽǵģšһҪ鿹ףΪѾļܹܵĴۣ䲻ˡ
1934꣬227գƽȫʵȫ򻯷Ͻѽ⣬˶ӼҸ룬һɸ׹Ա͡
ϽΪΨһһȫ򣬳е˱ȫʺͺڵشΡ
ڼԴҽԱȱһ͹ԣƽѧҽѧϵĳ£Ͻ˷ȫҽѵ˶ѧϰĻע֪ʶӲǳŹѵʮ졣
1934꣬314գǰڴﵽƽƽʿʼ½
ǰƽеĴģӦüɻǰЧ˻죬ǿƽǼǳֱ½ʣ1934ƽ·ݵ߲ͼΪƽ漣ԶҽѧʷʹȾʷ
ǰ֢־Ϳ׵ЧñԽԽ֤һȱ׷Ϊ۱Ȼƽҩ
ҩ֣Ҷһصı֮·ûô˳Ǹ⣬ҽԱ㣬ƽԱСسԵøͻ
籨һƥһֽݸҶһء
ûСسûгͨ·ܶ·᫵гﲻˣͳõĴߡ
Ҷһض˶ԼӲֱۣӹ籨ģҽ㲻Ҷ󣬻ҹôáǴڻȥ
ҶһҲû뵽Ȼڱһ֮ãΪշץҩȴûˮûʵǰڡԽسǻãȻأôеʩҽԱȱʹҶһػһſס⼸Сǵ顣
ϾɸΪ֮һӵ罨һֻس๤û취չ
˵ˮ綼ûͨСˣһ˾һǣ仰ҶһϺš
ҶһزûҪÿͷ뵽ǳڻͿ޺Ĵͻٴμᶨ
˻ˣҪһǳŵģĴ澴ηʼա
Ҫ뿪һˡ


262 
Խˣձһս˹岻ãҲ̰ѵӶ˼ôãҵûȥˡ
ӳ֪Լʹͺñ֮Ҷһأսе˱ؽ̤ĵط
ģƻûôţҲᱣԼ
ǰҶһأ°῿Ķͷϣұ㹻ҺҰˡ
ҶһسĬڵҴ谭
֪
˱ϢԣſֶܸܵԷǼ䴫
һᵣġ
֪
Ҷһغİ鲻һһǻǨͣǸԶ죬Է־ͱԸ⾡ȫ֧֡
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á
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19368
һأ
ѾصϺ˹ܺãֻʹˣͷе࣬Ѿڶιˣ˼һǲ䣬ÿ˶һ
ȥͽˣǺܺãеûһûҳеˡ
Ǻ롣
ģ



ǵùһ֢ڶȹΣˣҺܸˣͬʱҲܵģ߸˼ĺ֢СһҽԺûУֻµļ׻ҽ豸ļص֣һС
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ҽʥˡҲǵĹŷһǿҸ˵ƵҽƱϸöáʵһжƾģһٶǰҲֳأͨսͨȱŬ˽졣ʱҲͨǵ˫֣Ϊǵ󱲴һǿĻ
һʱ䣬ǹһʱ䣬õġ
ģ



ģ֮ǵĹǿţҸҼСƵҽƱ֤ΪΪ˶Ժǻῴġ
ģ
Ҷһ

ʮһµ籨ȻͶˣҶһ½ʱڱҲˣαߵʤԼǰ޴ֵչΪڹӮ˾޴ͺܶĿйһ𱻹ȨڿΪ缶䱦
ʱĴĲͬȥʱҶһزû֪ͨκˣֻشѧ˼䣬Ȼ˼źϺĵַƱȥˡ
ֻ·ͬӱͨϺ·ôһҶҪƽϳ֪й¶ϢҶһصƽվʱվſڵİվţӻվſһֱŵǰ·ڣмס
˷Ҷһأûӵվԭ֣ҶҽҶҽ
ҶһҲº͵ضǻֵ𣬡վˣȥɣһϾҪˣ˵˼仰㹻ص˵
Ҷҽлл
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áҶһٴλ˻֣ת߽վ
Ѿһʽҽˣҽʦִյ֣ЦŽҶһϳڻվôãЩϢģƱһǱ߾֪ˡ
ҶҽҷƽǹȱľҽԱˣְͰˮģںܶ˵ҲܾҴԺҽѵҲǴȥ˰ɡЦ
Ҷһؾȵؿ֣ڲ̵ʱദУԸֶܵһߺٴĿվȻѡҽѵ
һܺõķ򣬳ҽԱȱѾôͻˣοũ壬ȥũ壬һӶһβ˲ֻܵʵʱһƬǡҩ£ͻһҽ»ũڱеģҽѵܼӿһ̣˲𡣡
ԼԴû뵽ԼڱĵѡܻҶһôߵۣԼݵֵø˵ģǺֻȥ·һ·
ųġա죬Ǿܽ˻վͱ˵һŻ𳵱ţ֡
ֳȶӵ˵ĸоõþˡ
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Ҷһضڰֱʾû£ȻתͷʼضŮʿضҶһǰǺܺúģҶ浿ͱҶһغõض𣬲ɷ˸ۣ컹ĵ˵ԲԭǸСأ
ˣͺãһȥôãˡؼңؼ·ضһ߶߶߶š
ҶһؿͣİſڣЩؿض
ضƲƲû˵Ҷ浴򿪳ţʾҶһصط³ˣͬʱ͵˵ɽﲻȫǰᵽطҵģǮҳģȻ˵㣬Ƿġ
˭֪ǲǹķӣ緿ӵļ۸ƵģƵؾǣסǷǻƽ𡣡ضֹţ˵ȷ۽ǲã˵Уզǿɴռ˼ұ˵ġ
ض⻰˵ֱ׳Ҷ浶Ҷһε̯֡
˵ǹӲţֿʼĴˣ׷ѾԶԶгˣܶˣΰܺãһ˼򲻵ģסԺѾкܶн̽ҪҪˣ̧ǰҶ浱˵űߴӰóԿס
ߵſڵʱ򣬷ּſվһİˣҶ浵̾뿪˵ֻİ˿ߵҶһߣҶǵҰɡ
ҶһϸǰŹƤñӣӳʮͨǷŽȺоҲĳ࣬ҶһسɵС
Цŵ˵ͷңҶԸҹģҸһƽȻ£ĵط⣬ʺϷõ籨ԺҾרŵĵԱˡ
ָָڣסڣҲķӣΪ׼˷䡣
Ҷһλһµڷ£³һллллСϢ˵Ҫ
ˡСҶһ΢΢ϹǸڵԿףʱԱңҶʮСʱ˵꣬ԱߵضҶ浵ͷ첽뿪
ˣˡ˵ƽˣżҪԿڷٹȥɡض
Ҷһ΢΢εؿض𣬡֪ˣ裬ԷԷ


263 
193612
һأ
ھԽˣҲ֪ʲôʱᱬսǶһսǲɱˣ磬Ҫȥڹϵû˸ҶģҪǿҪǿͷԼ
ҷ籨ԽˣƵʻήͣ٣ҪģҺܺá
ģ



ҺܺãõģһܰȫҿҲҪԼ֪㲻ԸֻһߣǾΪңϧ
㽭Ǳ߼Ӵ˻ǰĲϣƽ͵ߣҽԱ̫ˣ黹սҽƺڸϣ翪˼ѵ࣬սȣ˱ӻԾҲ֪Щʲô㣬ҵĹҡԸƽ
ģ
Ҷһ
19376
һأ
սƺԽԽˣҺܰȫԼûص籨ˣҲһյõлͻ㱨ƽ
ģ

19377
һأ
սʼˣ粻һȫˣ뿪ȥ㽭ϻ㡣

սʼˣϺͷԶһ˿ֻŵգ绹һɸƽľЩֽе˻Ϊս꼰Ϻ衱ΪӢ˺ͷ˵ĵ̣ձ˸Ҵ
ߺѧǷ׷ϽͷͬͬŬ¾ʱҶһء
Ҷһرʱ뿪ϺڵĹﻹʮְȫģڹڿս߰Ҫ뵽ȥļѵѳԱ
¸㽭Ϻһ˽ߣ֧ԮսҪܰʺ㽭ĻǰԴԴϵ˵սսİ߽Ҷһκˡ
ȥ㽭ĴƱҶˣǱҲƱȥˣģǵˡµ
ҶһسĬƬ̣֪ˣһ׼ʱġ
սȫ濪ʼյ籨ƵʾԽˣżյҲֻж̶̼֡
ƽ



˵֪ⳡսĽ֣ǿűֽϵһƬһݣǾЩѣʱ֪ʱΪе˶ٿѡ
һ˳˼˵Ŀ࣬˼˵ѪһĹҡ
Ҷһ1938ġսʱֲᡷΪսҽı׼ֲָᣬսϵⱾӵʱټȨҽҩҪһݣǰĿڵλãͺһֱһ
1939
һأ
ҿֲᣬ̫ˣÿĿ˯
1940
һأ
ںתǼסˣӮ
1941
һأ
սˣǵ׳ƽԸ㰲á
1944
һأ
ʼˣҪؼˣˣ롣
1945꣺
һأ
Ϻ
19459
һسƵĳʻϺϺƵſڴ۵ŮЦȻһװŮϺ⸴ЩΪ˶ս뿪ȨȻٴλع飬սݲйĳЩԼеĽǮĵѸٵûָ
Ҷһؽ뺯ݸһ뺯úݵĿ͵͵Ҷһһۣ漴첽᳡Ҷ롣
Ϻ⸴ἸϺе̵ҶһһСʱǰ´ֱӻؼҵģ־μνᣬ;ת
ҶһǰϺʱְڼúϣкЩ̴򽻵ټʮʱ䣬ֳûϳҶһء
ҲֵУ˸˿鵰š
˵ˣڻϺеĻ˵ûˣǿ˾սƴģ˵λӲ֡
һϾǵϵսʱսʱսӿɲ˭ǿһ۾ҲЩʹϺû죬һλҲ۵ﲻġ
ɲҪ˼Ҳǹ˵ٲǵϵսݵ˿ɲ٣Լ֣ĸƢĸһӣ㶼û˵ȥ
ҶһЩЩôôһ߳ŵһ߽ζţоսϺܵʵȨ˵ģҲû˵ģƱͦߡ
Ҷһأ
ҶһغȻڽ֣˳ķȥһİӳ
İ˿ߵҶһǰ㡣İӵЩӣƬ̣ڵ㻹ǵҲ塣
壬ҶһصпŨīزʵһʣԼ硣
ǵãͬѧþòҶһЦ֡
¶ܳɫԼ˲Ҷһص֣û뵽ܼǵңҿĺܶ౨ǰսʱֲᣬѧһˣĺ
ĿİͰ͵˵ţ˵ʮֳϿҡ
һһܻἵʻߺ޻ҪһһأǾֻʣˡ
²˵ţҪҶһؽܸǣҶһôίؾֻܾһϤ鲻ҺҶҽ˵仰Ǻܾûˡ
忴˵ˣ漴ɫ䣬ᡭãõģǣģģңʧһᡣ˵ţǳʶؿ첽߿ˡ
ϺƵڻֽĴֱӶŽģֻһ˱˲ʧȥ
ҶҽٺȵƣȻһٵȥҿɲһܰˡߵҶһߣ翿ϡ
꣬һ籨һδλ룬Ҷһؽĵ籨ַͰǱսʱֲᡷֽҳ䱡ˡ
ڣǸٴʻسԼǰǿŽԷǶԼĳ嶯žƱŷ̬
һΣҾˡ
˵Сָ˵¹һ
ˣ
ˡ
ˣ
ҵʹѾˣԺȥĶҾĶ
á
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