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Ҷ˴ѧգֻڷԣȴ߽硣
С۳ҶҲԭġ˵ˣҶϱǴСͶµģ
Сһƪ^_^

ݱǩ ÷ 

ؼ֣ǣҶ  ǣ  ʦ



1ѹӢ 
 
һμҶʱǸӻֻСèƵģ۾ôڳ̵ľްСĿޡ

˵СʱˣֱҪ޲ȫũ𲻼ǵԼô޹Ժ;ÿһ¶˵޵ĲүǣҲôáƼڼҷ볿໴޵ʱ͸ӡ

ǽӲһ̫СˡսˣŽȥ̻￴ĸè̶Ƶģ޵ñӶˡ¶Ǳзűڵģ͵һէ죬СĿڸȥ

СҧȭͷһֱޣΪǶˡתܻغȺǱзǻյģ𼷽ȥһ顣ûҪСԣ̣Իգ˾Ͳˡ

æסҧûء

еʧСֿǸƤСգʲô

̿Ǳߵİӣ̾˿ֻܳġ

ͷе㶮ˡʱ𻹲֪ԼǣһССԴֻ룬ȥСҵ̳ԡ

ų̣ǸǻգҲûȥҵ̳ԡĥһᣬȥԼǱߡ

ũ¶ǴӣˮϯǱַ죬⺢ˣһϱҲϱȥˡҸղſһۣݵĸСèƵġ

ԱߵĽַ˻ҲǸ̾ģɲǣôСһѣݵۣĸ´أû˵裬ԺôӴ

Ϣͨģչѹ˵Ļ˵ϴҪҷӣǼҳҪóȥˤģ

ˤ裬ǵصķסȥˣһ·ȥǰˤ裬ûжӵ˼ңһֶӴ档ͷʲôͷҲ˵ˣһǲģ˭ˤ裬ǿԼ̳˼󲿷ֲƲġԺֽɨĹҪӡġ

̼ϱһƬϱѲȥ֮Ҳû˻ȥͷһǸȥˡֻʣ¸ոǺõ·һֱ޵ĺӡ̰׷ͺڷˣһ֮󣬻СŰѳҶԼߡ

Ҷ̫Сȥˤ裬ôްó̾ġ⺢ӱ紵ˣˡ̱ųҶԶԶĿһ۷Źײ˵ǣǰͷŵģǳ

һҪЩ죬ΪտҶÿȥһΣ֮ҲȥˡҶС÷磬ʹˣȥ˾Լӣ̲סҪޡ

Ҷ˼죬ȻֻЩιţǳЩ裬ƯˣЦһСУǳǳģҪǿļˣҪ

ϲЦСЦ̲סȥǡཱུϣһ¾ݽȥȥͻᱻСץסָͷ͡

𲻸Ҹҧָͷϲɾ᲻Сɿôصק

ҶһᣬͿˡ

֪Ƕˣæܳȥ̣̣Ҷֶˣ

С࣬СţһЩȵιҶʱСѾ޵÷ˣһһ߳ԡСͰ͵ӣҲž

ؼ֮ԼǸ⣬裬̰

մҰˣ׼ɹ˰ӣԼʣһѹӢУѹӢϸŨŨİɫҺ壬Ÿˮ񣬿ǿҪ

˼ֶŪ˼ˡԴӷѹӢС̡֮󣬶̫ȥһ磬˺ööѹӢҲ˲Ū·ҪŻιҶ

Ҷԭ۾ԼСģںµһѹӢ̡֮۵һˡ

ŵöܣվԱҲ໵Ŀź̡

ѶʱҪԼҵƤСӣôܸҶҳ԰˵ǸҶ̣ҲͰǷֳǣ𣡡

ǵһλԼ޵ġءҲе㲻˼Ťͷȥ˵ûһᣬ̲סŤ͵͵˳ҶһۡЩģ裬Ҷɡ

赱ͷһƣޣѻ죬ޣҶģһؼȥˡ

˼ңֳǴ룬ÿҪЩҶԡֳмֻιĴÿֻҲ㹻ҶˣǴ󷽵ǩ֡

ֳСܵʱСẰˡС괺ݵʱС硣
 


2ץҰ 
 
ҶСʱûٺţ̡̣岻ã̸Сչšũû̵ʱ˻ȥ𴦴ʡ

иСǸɸģʱũʼԪСƼ˾͸˼ѧûȥУԽ磬ѼҰȥũֱϣԼ˻ֵĻϱЩţţ̡

ũﶩţ̵˺٣һ㶼ҪͣɢÿζЩȥʱ·ũͰʣµţ͸ͳҶȡ

̺ܸм˵ҪǮ˵ʲôҲҪ飬˵ҲʵڣˣⶫܹҹȥҲ˵ˣֲʲôֵǮĶȺȰɣ
ллˡ

ӺϲҶǰйһӣ6ȥ棬ûٳˡΪӣ˺ЩҲûһһҶʹÿƼҶҪһᣬʱЦ˵ҪųҶȥҡ

Ҳ⣬Ƽ˳Ҷ˺һųҶǴСЦ۾ˡӴӴڳˣģҲԽԽÿţң

ԱֻųҶЦˣѳҶˤϡ˵̷һ񣡡ҳҶÿˡ

ӲɵСӣֺҶСҶҼȥɣǼǶбɶɶ

Ҷգգ۾С֡

ķ³ҶȥˣǸúӡ

ũǸܡֽһѺ֣ϵ˹µ˳ûʲôġһںߺ硱СҶ

ǼǼƻܵϵʱũھϽ󲿷ְֶ¶˹ûٶҪҲе͵Ҫ̥ģͷˣ˷ũҵڣŶʵˡ

Щ棬иСܵܡСøŵģ˲𣬱ӣ

ǰˣҲ֯ôһһȥҵĳҶǰй涨ģϵǸɾ·Ҳϴ֣ÿ˿һ£ķ볿⡣ΪǰҶ볿޹СؼǺޡ

볿ҲҪһСܵ桪ȻǱĸһĳȥ

ųҶȻҲǲ÷볿һµġ볿ίˣһûرСĺӣ۲͵͵ȥǺҶóҶһ¡

Ҷ׷Ǽ볿Сȶ㵽ȥ̽ͷ͵͵ȥƷ볿ҪǷ볿ٿһ㣬ͻι½ȥ

볿ʵͦϲҶ֪ôʾãʹһСһ˼Ҹ첲ģ⻻˭㰡οҶŶ䶣볿˵Ҷʵ˵ʲôʲô

һȺСһ޷ũܣͷ˴ȥ߷ֳǱߵɳѰҰá

߷ֳǱ߱ȽϻΪϷԶŶǵİɫӡزãסҲˣ˹̶˼ɳϣɢķЩũ

ɳмС£ֻаôߣںȴõϷǷĸӶĸڷˡ

볿Ǽʪܿ϶˵ͷһֻӣţ˵ߡ

ߵһ˵ģߣ˼ҵĻ˵

ųҶһߣŷ볿ЦڳҶ߲֪˵ЩʲôԵģҶ볿ˡ

볿ٺЦ˼±ӣƼҶ˲԰һ£û뵽һ¾ͱˡ볿Դ֪ĶŪ˸Ǹءá

ҶСѧ볿˵ءá

볿۾ˣͷԶԣðײ³Ҷ˱Ҷ㿴һȻӳͻԼײȥ

Цһ볿Դײ˰ɣ

ߵСǵָĸһЦҶ֪ΪʲôҪЦЩֻǱŵˣֱĲ

ԭЦŷ볿СǣһŤͷƼ˳Ҷת˻⣬Ҷ绳ޣ

ģ˳ֳҶСϱΣҹЦƫҪ֡

ҶСƽʱҲֻҸ棬񱻴ҺСϱǲҰԴ̽

չ˳ҶһѽСһûҼϱ

ˡⱻ˺СϱӵССϱɲһԭмߵţߵ˾ĵزСϱ˰

볿ûղֻ˵ȥǼ˳СһͷҶͳϱˣ¶ǰͷôˣ볿Դһȣſھͺ˳ҲҪҶϱ

⻰ҺҪ֪ľǱԼĶǳҶһָͷٵġԴ볿ƣĻػ

볿£ҲȥȺͷ˵λͷ븱ͷ죬볿ľǵֶ

ΧĺǿܣΧ壬зɺ͵ģ

ͣ

볿ʹһţ

ҶԶϣӶҶҲˣǱߣֿӶɲҶһ¡Χǰƴĵط˸Ȧ˵ܳȦҶֽţ²ȵһ㡣ͷȥǺںӶ

ôͷ˵ûӣСǸɵҲˡҶӶȵ̫ɽˣҲûƼһë
 


3Ƕ
 
ҪȥСѧе㲻Ӧһƽʱ˲ȥǵĳҶԼˣҶһڼңһ۸˿ô졣

üͷһĵİЩԼ˵ˡ⻰˵ڣͱŤŶѵһ٣ųҶһѧΰ㣬ҶСѧʱ㶼ܱҵˣȥʰȥ

飬ҶС3룬СѧҪ6꣬Сѧʱһҡ

豻òᣬΪóҶ¶͵ȥѧͳƨɣҽƱ磿һ٣㻹Ͳ֪˰

ųҶģڳҶǰŶֱ㡣衢

ҶϰˣСûλؼҲġ趯ͦᣬڽѵ˵ƣ˵ˣŻˡҶվſڿţЦ

볿Ƥĸ棬𰤴򣬱Ҳࡣղ˵ЩҲؼ˵ģóҶ¶ɶһģһ볿ȽϴѪѵȥ˵ˡ

볿˵ˣ裬ԼȥʰȥѧУ

ıֺ⣬ëǮá

볿̵ģռıˡǮȥǶߵ߶ȥҶҲܳҶŵֱ㣬һԶĶС¶ȥ볿֪ǣǰŸջؼңҶͶЩǶȥˡ

ҶǸųסģĺԺƵϷӣͷŸСԺ˵޻ϷַﰤŽǳ̼ҸҡҺ̼Ҵţ͸һ2׿С·쿪˺ͨ磬һҶСȶܹ

ҶǶȥԣվſЦţС綼ˡҶܵģǶǶԼûȫȥˡ磬ǡ

ڴϣһ°ͣһذҶŵǼǶʵûʲôȤˣԼ԰ɡ

Ҷˣ۰Ͱ͵ĳ𲻸ߣſͷҲȥ

ӶЦˣͷһ£һǶιҶóԣ

ҶǶͷЦ۾

СҲЦˡ

ڶ죬𡢷볿һ˱ŤȥֳСѧ;ͼӴܵĸʿ֮󣬵ʩԡĽѵ߯ңΪѺѧУĴɱӺã⼸Ħȭӵļһ˺Ҳͣˡ

Ҷÿ춼ԼСҲûбС飬ȥд֡Ⱥţ̾ͺؼȣɴݶһ͵Ǻȡ

̵Щģ˵͸ҶдҵųҶֽд֣տʼѧݲѣǺƴʹСд֮Ķ𻹸ҶһָıӣͨͼǦʣ̵ĺ档

ҶСǺܴģرǿ˵ͼһƣһĸĬд廹һģһᣬŤŤܳ󡣳Ҷ⵱ɻϷˣһ˵ʲôʲô

볿ҲдҵԳҶСģʾҶдãҵҲд

ҶƼͷˣŽŴӵȥ볿Ǳѧŷ볿д֡

볿ĿĲ࣬һֱĵĽ̳ҶųҶдмˣóҶԼҵ

Ϊܸɴ˻Ӧŷ볿ͬһһ𶼸˳ȥ

볿۵ĽлųҶصԼǱߣóҶԼһд⼸ϰػ㷽ˣǸĸܾڸﲻߣҶϲѧ㻹Ҫñʵġ

ҶҲдĲԵʱ乳ıʻˣͿʼüͷһ߶Ǹ֣һ߿ʼҧǦͷǦԴСɫƤˮʪյġ

һ£ǦʴӳҶóһǶȥҶͷۣǶе㾯ζȥҧǦͷȥϵ

Ҷ̫дˣֲ˵ȥ棬Сĺ硭

ͷд֣һ

Ҷҵңɿ䣬ֿͰ͵ĺһ硣

𿴿СֹģֻһǹˡҶ´οɲˣϻذˣ

Ҷգգ۾еûĶˣųҶСſھʹչȥһҶǱˡ

Ƕҧÿȿ죬¾̽ȥҶ²һֵͷȥдԼҵ⻹д߽ѵҶ»زٹ˰ϴǰҲûҪµģ㲻Ҽҿޣû

ҶھˣͦϲԸղŵǶһֱҧղֻСڵ˼¡ء

ߵķ볿Ҳˣ𣡣ôҵҲһӳǿǧģʦͼˡҳ˭ȥ
 


4Сӡ 
 
볿ҵôǽȥˣȻʦʲݣҲǼûдǿǼûдֱӱϰȥϷվȥˡһ鷣վĻбİ༶ģһɫƤСӡ

һȥжġҵġſͰġ˸༶ʦͬ

볿ӸߣһںţڿαбۿЩվġӺ󴰻￴˼ֻۣͷĺ˼㿴Ǹǲǳ

̧ͷһۣǳǸڰϿΣҵץסˣԴϷվﻹͰ

볿ϢͨԳ̼ǵ¶֪һЩȻ˵ޣҲǳҶԳķ롣ǷӰ˵ǸøҶģǳҶСָųסϴԡųҶݷӡĿռ˼ҲƲ˵ڻûĿŵסȥǸ˼Ҳˡ

Ҳ֪һƽʱ˴棬ѧҲ߸ġԳվûȤ˼ֵͷѧԼȥˡ

볿ͦˣͷüŪ۵ģųָ̳ã

ñӶˣ

⼸Ҳ̫ƽִũĹԼȥ䡣ʱҪǰصŪͣմȵô󳵡ָСһǮһ󳵣Ϊ⳵ҷӶѹȥˡ費⣬Ϊûٳܡ

Ů˶ϲùҹ˲һϲðգҪһ֤ԼбһС

ң赱ӳ޹ʱ򣬿ũһ£ʱļױͲ٣ġһֱԼû£ǷţôƵĻᣬϷ

ﳳòеʱɴʰȥ̼ҵҶԼСʸ𣬵дҵְԼС롢С׶ŵǰ磬ԷɣǼҳԷ

ԱЦˣǼҳҶ˻Сأ𰡣ȥǰ߸˵ǳ԰ɡ

ųҶ۰Ͱ͵ĳԼһεСģҲѵ˺顣ӦһȥǰſڸԼ躰һɤӣ裡ڳ̼ҳԷ˰

ǱƹƹҵĻڳܣõȻŤͷͻˡһת˸С㣬Ҫּۿ죬ⶼ÷ͷҶأںҲϵİȥµ˰ɣ

ײְѵС˵ֻǾ·ЦµСжЦɰˡҶߣɴ౧סһ硣

ˣһߣô˰ҽһ˯òã

ҶˣĲӲ֣ĴӦһã

ϳԵ⳴˿мС̲ˣԡֽм˿ˣҲеԼһˡ

극ֿһӣ̼ҵϵӣڰ׵ĻѩͼҲ˼̨Ҳûʲô뿴ģԱߵĳҶСҲûӣԼء

ҶСȥԺժ޻ֵ̼С޻ƷֵĸͷСǺ

ϵҲңֵͷңҶӰͽ±߶ӰҲкôҶȷһ˴СӣΡûüֹصһ޻һѣҶҲˤ˸ƨɶ׶

ѵͿСͣ۾ÿ£Ǳ޻֭Һ絽۾ȥˡĵţžߣɵ㣡ԼϹʲô˵𣡡

ҶԴ˵һ¶ģˣִ̽Դ߬ĵСֺõĵݹȥԡ⻹š

߬˵СץˣɿСӲĳֻöݺݵ¶Ը

Ҷ۾ҪȥĲ࣬ϴŵ֭ҺȥһЩ۾̸ۡˮϴˣְţ̸ϴһĵģæοû£û£ͺˡ

Ҷһ˵û¡

һֵͷȥ

ûȥ߸ҶһС˯һܱСͷСϵζĥ

Ҷ˯ͦ㣬Ҳûѣ˲䣬˯ˡ

Ҷ۾ˣ̹˺ü첻ţ۾̫ҪᣬֻڼľľͦˣСʱġ

ҶһͷǵѧؼҡÿζСѧУӮϷһСֹƷ

ҶСܸȤǴһεĺʯ塢һСľƬɫͬĿֽһСʡ

ҶߺܿģдҵʱԼһͿͿĨĨһȥʯϿ̻̿дҵʱ򣬳Ҷ̺ԼƽһСƷ

д֣ΧһȦСʯӡ¡

ù£ֹıԼá󷽵Ŀ佱˳Ҷһ䣬С˿ڣ͸ҽҵˡ

볿Ա߳ţҲʼԼҲУҶҲҿһ

볿׶ٳһɢϣߵ߶Ҷǰ˼СԼҵҶóҶҲҿһǶԣ

Ҷûҽӣҧָͷ

ûֹСӹǰϣһĸ߳Ҷڹ˵

볿һ۽У߯㣡ôԼǸ

ǿһʯӡ£ΧһȦĻƲƣмǷ볿֡볿òУΪǵڶο̣ܿǸƯСʯӡ£ɪ㿴˼ҳҶҲûҿڹ˵ɣ

ûЦ꣬ͱҶһ仰˻ȥСֱӺߣе㲻˼ĸ߷볿ңûڹ˵

ش̫ʵˣ볿Цɤֲˡ 



5ơƿ 
 
æʱҶ˯һҶԴ˺ܸˣ˯ǰ̲һţҲûٿ顣۾û䣬ÿ챻ţôϴС˲٣ž󿴡

ųҶȥˢһɫˢһһСվﹾ๾ڡ

˯ʱҶʵ˻Լ¶СƤСѾȴȥһֱߺߡԼ§һֻС˯ϻ֨֨лءҲСӣҶͷס§ڻ˯

ҶչˣֻҪů˾˯þһ㶼ѹס

еʱдҵҲԼ˯Ƿڳ̼ңѧʱáеʱˣʰʹҴææĻȥѧˡҶξͼסˣʰżһӸɡ֮Ķ

ũ֮ǰһڣ١˼壬רŷŵݼڣôһæӵġũƬļųĶõĻҲ࣬ʮų̈ոС󣬴ǰҹְ൹һҲֻһԶԶĶƲӰ

Сʱ죬ȣɾҲ赲Ƕջ顣ũʲôģһ㵽ӵʱԷԾͣ

ϰأϾǿƬسԷģظ

ǶСѧҲﲻʲôæͰŴȥƺ¾ƲˡǷʲ£¼ëǮȥҪƤٺ㣬ھǱ߲ߣܳԵƬͷ⣬ܼ񵽲ơƿ

Ҳһʴһơƿһëʱ𻨰ǵϱһأⶼͺ춹ıˡ

۶࣬ȥվ¾ƿӵļ۸վƿӵͷðŴ̫׸ɻͷһ׬ͷ

վ˸ȷд𰸣һƿӣǰһëաҪǣ˼ҸǮ

СҪŴŽƱӣʮԪȥһѩ⣬ڴȳﻻƿԿܹѩǮ볿˼ҲҪһš

˵ʹӦˡʱҶţÿγСŲ֣ѵţ۳Ҳɲȥˡ˷볿ֻǺЧʵģǷ볿иǮͳ볿Ұѩ⡣ŪòΪ볿ҿС򷢺ġ

볿ƹͦ񫣬ȥ˾ƿѩˣҶʵʵĴҡҶٳŵʱ۱볿ôСʵڱˣĿŷ볿硣

볿ĵõ㣬󷽵Ĵӱȡõͺ춹ѩҶųԡҶҲȥѧ˰ɣ

Ҷòסôѩ⣬СﱧſУ˵Сһ䡣˵ȥ

볿Ŷһչȥк춹̫ϸСҶŵŵİСŻϣͷҳˡ

볿̾˿ųҶԴôҵܵأҪˣҰɣ

ҶŲӶ㣬̧ͷһſڣֵͷȥˣҲؼҡ

볿ŵʱȵ˼óҶԼϣСҲ⻹ڣѵˣɶڣ͵𣡡

Ҷ޵øˡ

ʱ򣬳Ҷˣſڷ볿ɳ˯šųҶëϻᣬʪĿˣôŪˣ

볿˵ʵЦĴ۶ûҾͰƽʱءƼû޵ġ

ţ⻰´ҷ볿ˡǽģһȥƽϳˡ費̫ԼЩŵڳģԸȻϾе˵ߡԼݴڼдд֣αҲԸܳȥɹøһ׬ǼëǮ

볿Ҳ֪ظ֤ˣİɣ¶ңϾƿӻȥ

⼸췢ΧСƿѩ⡯˳ԼԺǽһƿٶӣ͸óˡ룬Ÿ볿ܷŶ٣Ҫ⼸ȴҡ

볿붼ûʹӦˣɰҼҺԺ£Ƕأ

ˣȥǱߺѳҶСһԼͺȦԷ볿Ƿݸл͵ȥ١УҶ¶ܾôȥ

Ҷһٶȣڷ볿ҿһݵĺ춹ѩ⡣ű𱧻ȥȥʱͷһǮ󷽵ĸһǮ㻨㻨Ǯ֪𣿡

ҶˣϰԵĴԼ硭

ЦСŵһǣôǸĲˣʲôҸ𰡣Լš

ҶһŶһţĿ

֪Լֵķִ磬̺סջȥҿ޻㡣Сŵ볿Ƕ죬ѧٿװˣëι

ҶգգۣȻջȥˣž˵ȥŴŴĺ硣ȥѧ

𱧵ˣͶóҶȥһ߱ؼңһͬ˵ѧ𰡣һ˼ûСǶ顭ˣгһ氡

Ҷſʹҡͷ˺ð죬Сĸ״̸ҶĴӡ

ЦһСͦǳǼëĴҲ񲻺ãͦڣǸ׹õͭǮͦ¡СУߣ˳ھԸȼҸ

Ҷһ˫СִӺ߲Ӧһ~
 
лҪ˵
ơƿСϰƪ
볿ϰ壬ϰһҪճҶ
𣺡ҳ鰡㡣



6 
 
ЩĳɹǺܿɹ۵ģųҶСܿˡѩ׵һѣϴƣһСñӣƯˣ

̲Ҫ˵ûȥУ

ã°ɣûȥҲû˴Ըȥǲһ¾ͳſˣ

̻ǲӣֱ˵Լƿ׬ǮģŲˡ˾úܾ棬𰡣ͼСµľƿӣ׬ʮǮ·ɲ˰

Ҳ˵ȫˣ߰ĴӦһ䣬Ҳһˣз볿ǣһյġ仰ûѣҶ·Ǯ˷볿һݣ˿˷볿Ǯ֮ǰ˵볿۸ҶҪ

ͦˣЩϹȥ˵ллһ⣬ʵʵİͷ볿ﺢǿ佱һͨǺúӰÿضչǼҳҶⲻôЩǮҵǸСӣҶ·ˣҿ±ǩʮüأ

ĶĻƽʱҲûȥ鷳أŸҶɣⲻ쿪ѧþȥźã豻佱еЦסˣ˳̵Ļߣתͻ

ţ޺޵ĥǷ˰ʮǮҲҲ𿪻

ῪԴȥ̫ϲ˴˵һʮ飬Ҹ볿ֿ̯ġ˵ˣӼƿ׬Ǯ𣿡

⻰ҭò֪ôأԱߵС˹Ц

ӴǼ֪ˣɩӣСҼǳͦƯѹСͷֳ۾ǺЦ㳤ˣϱ

ЦʲôС˼ҳҶǸкЩƤСӣţǻҶҶСϱˡ

̧۾裬˭ģ

˽ԼӰ⻰֪Ҫһ£ȥ˴ǲǣ

ɩӣквܵġС嵹ǺܻźӣȰߣֻͷʹɫ»㣬˻˼ǼҸ״

Сƣɣİɣ

һһСֱüͷϲҵӷһ㶼áָСǸĲˣҲֻмӽӣҲ·

ûСڼҳԷֵȥˡСԼƢͦãɩӲͣ˵Լˡڶţ̸ǣЦǺǵĶ˴ɩӣų԰ɣ

еûţСؼȥֵϱ˶ʵǲ˼ӡ

ӵûôǣ֮ǰȿ˵ƿպã´ţ̾ҪߡɩæһȥֳţأСʲôǧȥû飬Ϲأһ˰ȥɣ

ţ̾˿һ˽޷һΣеʱҲҲʵڵĿɰҲ󣬼ϼ޵ʱûйţϴ󣬵һӵ¶ˡ

һʱҴˣͰ˼Լϣ̵ܽĸϡ

еʱͷ߶ȥҶҡ

ҶǳԣﰾŨŨǽΪ˵ѿǣԶżζˡСͭﷺ˺ɫŶ˳Ļȥ輸£Ūˣװ̳

ֲֽͣճеĻװõЩӲˡ⻨ճ̫ʵˣǷŵֶ࣬һпǿˡвֻõһСǳԡ

ҶСװ飬˴ĸЦС¶ˡԣ

һ飬Źӻ㣬ý࣬ճȺ꣬һԣóԡ

Ҷſ˰Ҳû٣Ȩĥˡ

ҧԼǿ飬˿Сģϸ˰Ǻš

Ҷʵʵ»ݣһһĥš

ͳҶ˼ͱˣҶϴ֣ԼƴС署¡ҶڼºظĹ£˶ָ

ͷЩ˼ˣҶ۰Ͱ͵ĿҲ˵ٶһ顣

볿ڼҲû¶žҳҶ棬ڳ̼Ƽһ㶼֣Ҫûǲأ볿ͦ⣬˼¾Ͳ³ʲôóԵˣǣ

ʮһþƼ볿ץͼһİɣµĹ׼ġ

Ҷ˳ķ볿Ǳ߿ȥҪԼ飬ֲҿ볿Ӻ硣

ɳϣСȥ볿Ǳߣȥ磬͸Ǹ£

Ҷԥһ£볿Ųûھͱ볿ץסˡ볿һͼ飬һֱСŻͦ⣬Ҹ㽲

볿ŻǸҶ£Ҳã֮Ҳסˡǳȥɣ˵߷ֳǱߵҰˣȥ͵£

߷ֳǱԭһƬ֣֪ôͼһЩֵҲôչܣҰҰÿ껹ЩӡǱ̫ƫԶСɬҲûʲôժֳĺǷ֮ϲȥ̽ա

ÿһȥ߷ֳ ͵ Ұ棬һ֯мɵĴ£

Ϊʾ¶ԣ볿˽Ҫһ黨ǵ̣Ȼֳǰ˽ƻƻأƣߺߣQˡ

ЩʱеƬǡСŸ¡һﺢȥϲӸ͡·θɻס

̸볿òУһ黨ճǣһӵ״㣬ȥ˷ų԰

볿ֵô˸񣬡ǣлл̣

ȥʱҲųҶСţһ·볿ԱʹһҶţ˰ˡǵȻһԣ

ҶҶһ顣

볿Ա߲ǸǣҶס֣˻ܳ𡭡ӴСҶôô

ųҶ㿪볿ź߰રǵüëãͶˣ͵ûóԡ

볿ҶĿˮֲˣȻԣ볿
 
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7СͭǮ 
 
͵ҰĹ̲̫˳

⼸˳꣬߷ֱֳеԭǸɺԵģ񶼱ˮߡ˷

볿ˮȥߵСûɶһ˿ʹȥʱ°Ȼˣ±﷢ֿʪˣҪ顣

ҲѳҶãһ߹ȥҪߵ㣬ӾȸʪˣǳҶ󶼽ˮȥ

СţҲû취ٰŪߵ㣬ֻ˾䣬Ҷ۾͸ҡ

Ҷںһ

ֳǰﺢȵ˵ʱѾռɽΪˡСҰ汻ժûʣ͸źӸǼţ

ֳĺǸˣ껹أˣҲ٣огֳǱ߹ӾͷǱߣǲһģƽʱҲôкһͳϵСⲻСõô

ȺҲţģƽʱڱ˺ߵߵ߶ܣòƼһСģȻվ۸ˡָųҶҰ涼ҶġжĶù

Ҷû볿ȲˡҧҰӳʣ˭û

Ͷ䣬˵ģֳ֪ܳ˰ɣֳǰͲˣҲͺǶ̵ʱ򻹻һ¡

òУ괭֪ͷ볿۸ҲҸǴųҶȥˡҶϽģȻҾ㡭

볿ˣûƼ˭ҵҪҶأߵĺҲˣɵƵģŷ볿һ塣ǳųųߺˣǳʽߺͣܺǿӰѧģر

ҰðСʵѳҶϣɱˤʵˣû

Ҷͷ汧Ųˡ

𰲶ٺСŹȥǱ߶߶˵ļһʵûʲôøС˸Ҷòº־û⣻۸Ҷ͸ܷſ˳ˣ

ȥû£̧žͰѳ߷ˡôˣ

һźţߵĺ໺żԼӪǻùͷͣǳ¶㳶ҧָͷǱƨɣְסֽŹҳһƬ

Ҷϣ˫ֱֱ¡ûôҵĳ棬ƼĸСŤһ飬۵һſˡ

ͷ볿ڣֳİˡ볿˼ȥıӰƨɣָͷֱǣ߰ٺ٣˭˭ڹ˵

û¶࣬ĸɾϾȥҳҶСɤӶˣһ±һʲôⲻӮ𡭡ޣջȥ

ҶסСһһģŴһء

ƷˣСıο죬ˡֲұᣬʲô

ҶҲе㲻˼ĲӲ̧ͷ

˸СβܣҲúСԼȥˣֱóҶԼϣƨɣߡ

볿ں߶ЩСҰ棬ϷŪҶ޹ٿһҿ£

ҶԴȥԼС绳ﲻŷ볿ں߹ЦҲȳ˼䣬Ҳͷǰڣû˸۸Ҷôţץ·Ժ˯ˡ

ȵʱѾˣڸ̺ӡƼ۾ͶȺõţ̹ιҶ˰ɣ̸õĳ԰

ҶϲԷƽʱҲͺȵţ̳ԿġǳԼģļûʲô಻ãζǲġҶһ죬θҲûӣھͲˡ̺Ǳţ̣˯ˡ

ҶƤûһ˯ˡֻˣҲû룬ŵڶСˣ˼

ҶˣһСˣԺһ̣һغ硣Ҳ̣ܼ˾ͿһᣬСèС

ҽҶ룬ũôЩӴ룬ҶźһƨϣҲֻ߶µĿ޼Ҳע

ҪһЩҶ̹ķҶԺۣڱֻ˵èӡ

ϢƳҶûСʱż˸̲סüͷ̣ҽ˵Ҷϻˣ

ҶϵȷǱˣҽ˵գҲЩȾⲻȥû˵ȫǸðˣģû¶Сȼ׳ʵ

ŴͷϻõҩˮĨҩ࣬ҲµĲˡһ׼ǰѳҶϵʱˡһ·û֣˴ǻʵ벻бĻóҶš

ÿ춼ҶҲֻһۣʱܼˣ֪æʲô

ȵʱһƿˡƿӷڴϣҶʲô

Ҷͷſϻŵ룬̫ҶƳһҲˣСƿﶼͭǮţڴϷÿϴɾˣеĻ

Ҷ۾һСͭǮ~

ҲЦˣһˣͭǮôЩӵˣˣһӼëӺòã

Ҷ˵ͷԼӣЦءҪá

СЦˣҲ̹˵㡣СĻ˳ûÿáˣҰЩ
 
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8ǿ 
 
ŪЩͭǮԭиˣг˵ӳġ

ǰͷ˵˼ǳ𣬶ƲļҪġмִƽҶļëӣӵѹ׹ͭǮˡ

ֳǰмϷͭǮ;ɴ룬һܻһǮƼˣʹС͵ӲЩ׼һ̴ž죬Ψһ

ͶˣԭСȥӶƼͭǮܵĲֺҲżˡĵĵȳ˴ƿӣ͵ȥӱߵĴ£ˣŲŲæȥڳ

ƿߣ˳Ǻõ֦ԭ˻ȥôЩ죬Ҳ࿴ˣǸ̰ƵġеһͭǮǾԻеڶΣڲʰȥ̵㣬ȹͭǮʱ򣬻ܵһΡ

ϣûԼ˹Ҳ࣬Ƽ±ߣҲչȥˣװһץ֪ˡ

Ǳ߶֦°ͣ˵ͭǮȥˣ

۾գգգգ

øͣӱóǸ˵ƿӣָ߳ɵվŰϵͭǮͳװȥ

һƿӾ׹˵⻰죬𣡣Ǯ

Ͷ䣬Լ֣

֣һⲻûҪǰЩ͵Ұʱˡ˰죬Ҳû˵ʲôŲŽŲȥʼԼ¶ͭǮ

ॡॡॡ

һһͭǮƿöײ΢˵㣬ȳͣͶҵĶѵúɫĶ˵һ䡣⻰Ҳʲôû˵վơ

ˣϡ˽˼ûŽȥ

ֻһ¾¶ˣڲסġָָǸװƿӣϵҲ

ɥһ½ٳǼͭǮ߶µӽȥĶѪˡ

ֵһƿͭǮϴɾ˸Ҷȥ档ҶЩ죬һֱǱڼģƻˣŷӵĺġ

ҶÿСͭǮмƯĻƣдСģҶָͷϸϸ档Ǯ͹ƽŵ˺ͶҲ˼ˡ

ҶܾԺ֪С˵ͭǮС绨ѩ¡ǱŵĸСҲֵĺѣǰʱġѹǮôźԼ˵ġҶµضҲôһ㷴ǱС˽ְסС۸һء

ͭǮҶ¶ų̵ģҲųҶĶ䶣ԲõƼó֪ˣһ׼ߡҪ㣬˵Ƕˣ֪ô

ҶͷĲӲɿˡ˯

Դһ£ҲЦˣˣ˯ôҲ˵

Ҷ۾˯

ЩͭǮҶͷ²ߵЬȥˣ˯ɡ

ҶСͲã̻˵㣬һðȥݻȥˡܾԼûտãʱҶǲϲǱϵͼ飬ԼĿαųҶ

ҶһСͭǮĽѧߡҶҲʵ͸һ

ȵʱѧˡθ겻ͬƨɺ߻һСβ͡ҶûȥôԶӽѧУ;½Ƕߣγô嶼

СָͷһһɿԼȥң

Ҷ߬ס½ǣᶼ߳ˣ硭ء

ѵҶҰջȥޣɿ֣ȥҡȷѧҾ㡭

ҶӲС֣ųȥԼĽңһһͷﶼỨ

֣ȥˣҲȥԼĽϿΡӽ𣬳ҶʽΪС࣬ǴӼѧУִѧУߵ߶ĸؼ粽롣

еʱҶ¿磬ʰſڵһԵģָͷȦʱ䳤ˣʦʶҶˣмƼҶ׼ȡ

ʦϲСǳҶСһЩϿεʦ¬ÿڿĿΡʶС࣬ÿƼҶֱӷҶȥǱ°ɡ

Ҷ¬ʦ˵ֳ𣬿ǵͷųʦ˸Сһܹȥллʦлл磡

һЦôлл𡯰

Ӵ˵ˣҾ֪϶Ҫ˵䡭

̫⺢ӣҲһ¡

ĿԱ֣óҶԼԱߡʱͬһӣҶͷ볿м䡣

ҶŴЦ̧ͷ볿С棬ÿαҶüŪ۵İҶûʲôӦɴָȥ͵͵Ӵƨɻͦ

ѳҶһߣ±˷볿һţԶ㣡
 
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9 
 
볿ԶҸ𡢳ҶҰסȥһ·Ķԣ볿ȻĺƤһ·ǻؼңһ·ɧšȵ۸óҶʱס֣Ҷôôĸô

ҶС㣬СĸֻɴѳҶߣСԴһѣ˾乫ٰ⻰Ҳ˼ʡ

ӿû볿ִԼǱȻһ£㿴ôһߡöȳҶˣ˻СһأҶԼ߰СĳСˣ

Ҷﶯ£̱סԴ

𶯡˵꣬С̾ͲˣʵʵıӣԼؼҡ

볿ҲǸҶЦųҶһ·û˳·ԼҶһңЩֺõ˼ҶȥҪһдҵ

̼пˣҾȥдҵ볿ӵ˸ĵݸҶ԰ɣˡôңϴɾģ

ϴη볿ֵûϴɾû¶ǺĳҶסԺӣͦģ׾ܰƤҶ˸ʾһݸԼųԡ

͸ҧһھ֭ɿڡ볿ũֵģսأ⻹˷볿ǻƵķϣ˸һСУ඼÷볿ڵҶȥˡ

ҶԵĸҵʱдҵǰСİĸƤӣҶÿһԷԾĸҲһŵʱе㳤ˣӶɫҲûùھͳȥ

볿Ҳдҵˣ˸ѵ˵¶ѡûֱȥسǶ

ͷ볿ϾҪУﶼѡѧУˡũλñȽƫԶСѧҲֻһѧһְߣǼְ껹ܷ䡣ҲʲôùǽԼİ࣬ڲþҵˡһͥõģоֱȥ߶飬Уѧ·ӡ

볿Ҳԭģȥسһж飬ԺҲǱˡֻسһûᣬũȥسҲҪһСʱ·̣㡣볿ţ׼ӣ÷볿ҪõĺһסҲиӦˡ

ûȵ˵ɡôʣҲû̫ȥһڵ賳ܲϣֱҪȥˣǳҶСһ߶飬ġ

볿һҪߣʰҲͦ죬ȥҵ

ںЦˣתԲʴߣסǼȥϰɣ

볿ҵ̾˿ôôЩҵҲЩġ

ϵҺԴİɣ

볿Цֽס˳ӻسҶҿɲҪҲͳҶϲռЩ߰պ˰

ڷвסûһ;ˡСû¶ɣָ񣬡𣬰ȥǼˣ

ӹǮϳҶһߡгųҶ׷ſһ䣬Сĵˤţ

ԶԶĴӦһİɣ

ǳӰ²ɣ֮ǰһµıٳǺãûˡƽʱȥ涼ųҶмΰСǰͷţ̫ãСˣЬһֻ֪Ժͺٳˡ

ȥ˲гҶͷӣȥ㡣

Ҷгһߣ˿СʯҿˮддûһΧųӻһƬҶһСطýŲȵٻ𡮿ӡŲѶ

ƵĽ·ͣĵطǲгţ˵˾ֱںſ֧̯ӡҶôһС̯ӣϵģǴүųҶ˼ۡӴǸСţʶôֶģ

Ҷͷһαô˵еţҲ֪ʲôӦʣµǵʯҷӲҿ

ͷۣȥиһ˹ģƣ⺢ͦɣ軭ò

ǱߵͷˣӶ䲻ôţһԼҪˣô¶岻

ϵϴү֣һ𣡡

ɣ˵ˣȻɱ߹ﻹԼҪµӶƼҶŵһƬҲ¡⺢ӻģ

ϵĴүˣǰպ㻹ڲأǰһӲ˵ͽҿӾͦðնԼ죬һ͵סӣܳԿţ

ıΧųҶתһȦѵЩˣ˼ʲôҶСֻ͵͵̧һ£ַɿĵͷֻüƼΧԼתȦͷīɫģŴӡ

ģ˵Ҳ̫ˣϵĴүתΣͣЪ᲻ģԼСϹĵɶôȥ

Ĳ˰죬ֶȥʳҶӣ꼸ˣ

Ҷ̧ԴСش𣬡10ꡣ

üͷ˾еˡҶ˸СҪ󣬡үү𣿡³ҶԼĿʾ쿪үүһۡ

Ҷԥ£ǰ쿪Լ˫֡СʯӻûĴɾŪðһ飬ĵ·Խģˡ

ǰСֱ֣Ͽûʲô⣬ĵཱུģèצϴӡָͷƣͶȸոպãʵСС˵òȹ߰

ٿɡɫīͷ̾˿еϧе㲻ԸɿҶ֮֡ǰҲ˼ͽܣľͷСһﵹǸģӹǲУеǾٲڼ̡

ϵϴүҲеʧͷһߵģҲ˵ʲôˡ̷ǵԼ׷ҪͽܵʱŸ˺ɫϴʦСǸˣԭ˼̫ա

ϴүϿ˼СӵݸҶСҪȥˡЦǺǵĳ֣ȥ԰ɣҰ·ժģأӣֺīˣˣģ㲻ͽܾͻɣߣиӡ

ķ˷ɫī΢ͷ·Źȥ
 
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𣺳Ҷ⻭ң
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10 
 
ҶﱻӲСӲǱĶ߷ֳҰ档ǽ껹ûüȥժóҶȳ˸ʡ

Ҷ˼Ҷͦ˼û͹ȥϴүʰ̡ͷˣ⼸壬ͷһͯðպꡮԱߵСͿʼʰӣں˼¡

ҶŰ̵ʱŷ֣ӶһҪһЩͷŵ͹ģ׹֣һʯͷࡣҶһĥԲӣԾľͿʼţˡ

ԼģõĲͨʯ񣬿˵ǵ̯ϣ󡣵еһƾ֪ǺöĲ˵32ɫʾȵӣͲ֪˶ٵϡ

һī̵壬µĹӵֶֻ;һҶڷŵСģҲ̫壬ʱ䵹Ƕơʰʱͺֶ£ģЩָС

֮ҲڴҶԳҶְϧ̬Ⱥ⡣Сüۣư죬ֿʼԥˡ

ϵĴүΣҲˡӿҰķֳԣﻹıԹӮɾû˸˰ûϽǣ㶼ֱô

ҧ˿Ұ棬ûټ⣬ŤͷҶ˼䡣ϲ⸱Ӷ

Ҷһߴ˰Ҳˣʵ˵ͷŷԼƯֺܴ󡣡

ԱϵϴүˣǣĿ̫ɲУ

Ҷ룬Сģ˵۾áԵʱҪСģҪںġ

Ҷ˵ĺ棬棬ͷЦˡıº࣬³ҶСԴллУ֪ˣȥ㲹Ǻǡ

ʱƼҶڶͷ˵СӴ˵㣬ǰЦˡǶڳϣȥгҶҶؼˣ

ǱߵڸҶ죬С˵ʯͷû¾䣬Сˡ

е㾪ȣ̧ͷƼҶ˵ǸкȥˣֻǳҶˣһʱҲٺҶ˵һᡣ

ǷɫīϳˡָС巢֮еţȥ˴߷ֳʦӹڼլвơȥӹǻҲȥˣ⸱ɫīӡ̡

˺ã塣

ģһ㣬Ҳ벻ȷеֻ֣ͷʾ⡣

ҶſеֵСүүô

˭˵ģ塣̫ͬƺʮ꣬үүе硣СôһУǾ͸ôûôϣԺôС

Ҷģֿ𣬹ϽٽعԵľ˸~

°ͣղųҶСóҶôҲûʲôСҲվʵڲóҶôƺˣֻýˡ塯ƺôжɣƺ

ʶģҲûֹҶҰ棬ͦĸĵлﳵųҶˡ

ҶںߣЩС棬мѾ͸ź죬ͦóԡҶһĵݸ𣬡ԡ

˼ҧһڣﳵģԼ԰ɡҳҶⶼϰˣʲôȿͷҧһڣСǲԵġ

ҶںߣʼСҰ档벻ͨΪʲô֮ͲúүүԺˣ磬Ϊʲôܺ壿

Цˣڶһ䣬С¡ôҲ˼ҵޡ

ҰƤӲһͷв˼ھҧˣҶС볤ߵ㡣

ǰͷشģа˵˯Ҽңǻȥȳһ뷹ڶͳˡ

Ҷˣ·ͣССıһ£ƭˣϴҲô˵Ҷ˺üεÿֻŵöۣҲûߡ

ʱ˿ˣǲЩ˶˵ݣԡڷ߳Աߴ˵̸ƺ˵ӵ¶ֺȶˣ˵ͦҲ¥˼

󣬵䲻ĽһˮȥС¥ȥһ׷ˣСطֵռ䲻󡭡

ȾƵĿǸϴ֣Щ壬⻰ʾ˲ͬãô˵ôҽס̹źã˰ô֪֪ũչأ

ûٶ˵һĬҲ˵ܱĲ֪ȿˣֵóܡ˵ᵽȥܾˣ˳ܵԭÿһͲɢ

ЩͷҶһԷ

Ҷûܳһ뷹Ǿ˰ҲԹģԼԡǿ뻹ҶСԼԲˣʣԵ㡣

ҶһԼ̳ԡһ㱻ʲôǵû̿ס

ԵüǱ̿סˡԵ׷ȥû̫о˼ڴҲܡִɤӷԸҶȥ߸ÿͷ

ҶԼܣżе㼱ͷѾ׽סˡ

ֺȶˣ۰ӵɣԣҲˣƶӣ֪Ǳ̿ס֮æ׽ֻѼҪ°ιѼˮ

ǵصһӣ˵Ѽˮ̡ܻһ׽ѼӣһְסĵĿû£ӣҵôιģһھͺˣ

˰죬׻ǸסһڣǸİƿˡ˵̣ҹ޲³֣⽨ź˰

һץץԴﻹֻѼӣѼӵĺƳţ¸µĽлͣ
 
лҪ˵
˯ˣ΢һЩ
Ҷ˯Ա磿



11ˮ 
 
ˢɾйɹζҲûٳԣʵ᲻Ȥˡôһͨ˯ʱü˯Ĳȡ

Ҷ˯һŴſһߵͷϵĵĿС֣磿

˵ûˣֻ˵ͷ

ҶѧƽʱӣĶͷſȥؿڣǲǺܣҪҸˮǳ԰ɣ

΢΢۾ҲûӦֽһ⡣˭ˮǣСùã

ҶſϵͷţСùý˺Щˮǡ

ҶСǴСȥ˼ŵģϸ˼ҳԣ˼ҹҲܳسߡԼǳ˿ˡ̰ѳҶ֧С˯һҪһ˵Щ֪Ļġ

żˮǾͰСˣЩЦЩҵʲôöԺԾ͸˵ƼԲ͵ˡ

ҶָЩҲôˡſϷ˸һߣǽǺ֮䣬Сĸ磬Ҹ˵ֻСùøǡҾáͦ˵ģٺ١

ûСԼɵ֣ʹԴһѣ

ҶӴ˵㣬Ҳ£ǷֱסĲӣһڵסָͷСָĥ£Цɿˣҧ㡭

Ҷû꣬ͱס°ָͣͷٴ̽ҶģĿĵģֻ¾СǿԲǡѹҶô¶

Ҷ㣬磬ҳ꣬һֱζģأҶڡ

־ͰסСԴȥҳҶ͡ڵϹģСһ㣬źüӲӲСӣ°һ·˳ȥζ׼ˣҧסС죬ʹһ

û

ҶѵõĻʳǽ㡣еջСͷһزϵľȻ͵͵ҧ˯ˡûҶͷסؽлС죬ɴͷȥǡ

Ҷ㲻ֱסͣͷɨһȦƵģЩԼĿˮǺɨҶСͷ𣬴Ⱥζ̲סԵˮӹͷ𣬵ֲˣˬĿڸУǵסֳһڡ

һᣬ˳Ҷߣŷſ˯ɡֻǾû뷨СʱҲҶǣûԼˡ

ҶСͨ죬֨֨ĽίԼǡﻹһζĶˡ

Ҳ֪ǵã˳ҶĹϵﱻǵζռˣ֮󣬶ҲôˡǱһϴһ飬ζûεǸѼӡ

֧ҶȻԼһ

һĸŮǰͷǶӣһŮСŮӯ5ʱ򣬳үӲˡＸӰС໽У˿ҪǮʵû취ͰѳӯȥԼüң˼ӯȥ֮軹۰ǸϣԼգӯ

ӯҪԼ̣պһ̲סˡ裬ôôģͳȥء

Լҹ֣οӣõĲŸġǾϻ׷ѵģǼõĶòֲˡ̰ȰԼҲЩѹҪǼʵڼѣ˭ðԼҺͣǺЩˣҲʵŲúӻϾǸ˼ҳʮķ

ӯһֱΪԼǸŮԳ̲Ű͵ˡ񱻳ôһȰο̸࣬˴ҹ

ӯߵʱѾˣҲ֪ļѡĸҰȥʡǣͺܻˣǵԼ׵ֵ꣬һء

Ҳһ̼꣬϶պȥ˳硣ϴûȢϱ̸ܱܵǰ棻ţԱ߸ȵ˵һһõĽ

ӯ̾˿ų̵裬ҵĺǽгҶɣ

һǽгҶǺӸ粻һɩƯҲɡ

ӯҵʱ򿴵Ҷ⺢ӵȷɩЩҲӣʳǹһǣԼŻȥС˵Լװ¡

ӯҶЩҶСʱȤ£ҲԼĽһһˣֻϲǡ

Ǳ߶ãҵˡ˵ҵʡǣǱ߹ӯʡǾͽĴѧѧУãҲ˾ĴѧȻѧٷ乤ˣҷҽĹǲѵġ

佱ϳ̼ҵһѧأӯ˵̼ҹĺãҲˡ

ӯλס˼졣

ɾƫƫ⼸죬ӡ

ϴһռҵķӡǼҴӼǰͿʼݷݣļҾҲտģǰ˵ǰųҶҲ˵ЩˣѾļ

Ǽҵĳæˤ裬·ⷿȻǼҵˡȥʮ꣬˱£ڲԸٵȥũȻڱۣпߵģ͵дŸ쵼ȥЭ
 
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Ҷ磬ܲܰǻң
Լá
ս֮Сһڡ
ҶίУûˡ
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֤åҲصòǵΣ



12Сù 
 
Ѷϼ£οϴЩҲȷʵǷͶ˲ǮѾֲˡǵ⣬˺ԺȰˣɵЭǷӹϴһңҪҶѧѺáҶϴѧѧҲǳ

ϴϱҪһֱϣһֱô죿

ҲЩˣûʲôĻһ䣬ǾһֱϣǸѧѣֱΪֹ

һֱǲܵģ涨25Ͳٿѧϴϱ֪Ҳٶ쵼˵Щģǵ˷ӣҲﵽĿġ

ԺԺ˵οǳǮų̡ҶҲǼҳǮأ

ũ۷׷ףû˵ϴûģźҲϴҵĺˡԵãҲûʲô̼οɾͲһˣ

̼ǳ˫̥㣬Ϊ˫ģƢҲ񡣰˵ģǳϴҲ˷ˣѵ˸ˮĹ

̼γúãɼҲƢЩĸƽʱЩΧתģڶΪҶҷ¶Զˡ̼ƤûԼôܾóžͱ˴˼ǣÿλԼСĨᡣ

ϴЩҲ˵ЩĨӣصֱ̡ϴϱҲﲻ̫Ծˣֻǵ³룬ϴ˽飬סôЩˣһʱҲ᲻뿪ҪȲȥǱߵķȥɣ

ϴԥ˰죬ǵͷͬˡӣԺҪѧҪܷǮȢϱȷʵܼǮˡɰɣ¶ܣҾͲȥˡ

ϴϱ仰ȥ˳ǶҪⷿӵ˼˵ˣּ˼䲹ģϣʶ壬Ҫϸ棬ҲҪ°סźá

ۿЩףȻ޹һġ

ϴϱˣôˣҲݺС£Ҷҷ𡭡ôСЩ껹ǰŵģǽ桢ݶ֪˶Ǯһ͵ĹȱԲȱȵģȥдŸǣ

һˮּɧ֪Ƕۺ˻¶ģߡһңĶ飬ҲûѧһáԼСڹϻҪݶƲ¶Ҫ롣

ӯ߼ˣû뵽˲زɩҪǾ¶ﲻǾͼȥũǾȥȥʡҵĵطǣ

ϴϱ˸Ӳӣ֪СѧʵģҲִ˲ãһˡ

ӯյģԳ̼ڲ¶Ҳö˵Լ˴ɩҲܡӯų̣˺ŵȦҧޣ裬Щ׹Ҫѣһֶ٣˵Ҵʡ˾

ô˵ֻ̾˿

ũǶƶȣӵĻӽӰɡү֮󣬳ϴǷݹ̼϶ȥ겻ؼҲǳ¶ߵҲֻгϴһҡ

Ǽûݽ˳˼ſСƬ԰ӣ˵ûԴˣһֱϴŵġҲ˲ҸϴֽԭҪԷĳҶҲҪԷš

ӯ֣ǷȰԼҹϴҿϹųҶͺãȼ꺢ӳϢˣͷˡ

ҶЩ˵¶ûԼҷסС͸ųҲͰϷӵ˼ҡĸԶֻƬϼǶˣָƬְ֡衯

ϴһҲֻڳ̹ٵʱŰ磬ÿֻôһΡҶԴһңҲǲ̫׽ġ󲮲̫˵ĸ˵ûгûг̼κÿǼҶµĳĶƯĳ̼β۸Ҳ˵

ЩСùóҶϲСùûᳪĸһ¸㡢óҶǱͼдŵģǡţĸоɣ

Ҷϻ˯̲סСܸԴ֮Աǣĸоð»Ҽңġ⡯֪ˡ

ųҶ󣬶ǵС˼סСͷһα۰һǸƬϵôĴˣҪ׽һЩųҶǷȥĲ˯ְסѹסСӣ֣Ͻ˯ȥ

Ҷ֪ҪȥĶô˵ˣǹԹԵı۾Ҷûһ˯ˣƽȣķȥԼ˯ˡ

Ҫȥ߷ֳС˶ڼȥļȡƷġ֪ҶϲЩϴμ˼ĵһӣ˵˺ü졣֪СҪȥ֮󣬾;ųҶҲȥƣСһ¡

һ¶Ҷˣ˵رӲ֡

߷ֳ٣ΪҪɳأֱ˻֣죬Զŵζ

ҶƬӡ̣ÿ궼ժԣժ˳Բˣɹ˼Ź̵ʶ֮߷ֳڳҶֱһصɴ

Ҷ߷ֳĻ֣СҰ棬ͻӵġʹֻ˵һΣСŽж࣡

̫ݶֻ˵ܺãܲҲóҶýζ

סòƫԶΧмھӡЩǮװŵƽͨˣŪԺӡǰͷСͤͻأ˼һżŹֵʯʢģ͵ϲˡ

СԺǻ͵źʹĴЩŸáſڵ̨ױȥƽ̨棬ҪᶯͰڼ̨װ¡

ǣҶŽȥ֮Щн̫ơ££Ȳ裬ĺˣŸȥֻС롣

ıͦϲҶݶʵǾ⺢ӹؾصĶ¡мֹƢ϶һ˲ƲǶʶ壻۾ҿǱǴԡ

óҶ߷ֲʮֲ

лҪ˵
Ҳͻƪ
Ҷ磡͸~Ϊϴժ˻Ҳ
С·ߵҰɣ
Ҷ˼ĲǸҹô



13ۡ
 
ڴɴǸɫīСܿڼǽһ֮󣬸ǿмӡ

ҶҲǱ͵ۡһֻֻŵܣͨ巢Ө׵Ĺâŵ׻źЩСͭǮҲһɫͭǮҶŴ˰ڼᵽϣս˲ŷһϣԶ˵ʯ͸óģ̵ǡô

ڼиѧнרŸвõģ̵ĶϲҶֻüϸ壬һ˵ĹǷǶҲԾߡ

ҶŰڼҲųҶС˼ǳҶϲס˵ġ

С˼ΣıȽϤĻǸī˾䣬Ҳ಻㰡ҲûˣժЪЪɡ

ҡͷϣ۾̫ãźӡʱ̫ˣʹЩ̫ã۽Ĥϻ˰״һ˵ĶֻҪˣĶǷɫīڵһ¡

ǼƤСӿɲ£СЦˣʾĸһǸˣⶫҲǰ˶ģû֪Щźø˽

룬ҲͰǷīժˣһ۳ҶСҲգ۾ڿӣȫнϣĵ۲¡

ЩοٽʱҲԳҶչһЩǳ׶ҶŵʾظģҲٸСһ顣

ҶС̫ЩרҵʶģģؾЩǺַĲ˵Ǹı˵ˣҶ۾ģ˵Ĺ¡

Ҷеİһ£Ͳˡ

ҲͦϲҶСſϸ˵׷ÿһֶȥŬǵʱзСǷݶͽܵ˼˺üءҲո¶СͽҲƽʱа飬ư

˼ȥϿûһ䡣СȻȥǿеȣǿİϣҲƤɫЩȡ֮Ǵϵģ̫ҡһ㿴ϵ̣õϺãȻϸϲЩģ㰴˼Ҫģйоأʶ

СǸˣﶮóЩŵ˵һͨȥĻûҶأ

ĶԴҲߴ٣Ķ̵ĺƢ밡һӵûµĹĥƢٱģеҲĥƽƢ

СôĽа⡰װˣڷŵʱСأⶫɲ˵ġ

Ա߿ֱüôû˵Ҫһװ𣿡

СЦˣ֪֪ϻ˵˺ľıȽϺãȥˣȡء

ŷЩϴ˵ľʵĺãΪľʱȽʯˡ˵ҪŹġ

Ҷߵʱеˣټ´Ρ´ҲӭǼ桭

ˣ⻹ͷһС룬æͷӦҶалȥҪû¶Ҳ߷ֳ֪ЩϲˣǰƬֿûģ

Ӳ۸Ҷ˵飬ǶСġ֪֪ųҶͨ죬ﻹЩڣֹ˼ͷҲûٳԣѳҶг˲Ŷĸ𣬡壬óˡǹ

Ҷ·ϱչȥ磬ǹ컹ѽ⻹ûȵңѾˡ

Ҫﳵ޲øСһԹϱ⺢̫أǸӯԷ˯£һһСùõ߶ڸ˲ãֱ˼Ҽˣ

ûʲôü죡

ӲųҶͰ͵̲סҪ˵Ļ

ҶӯĹ£ߵ߶ıԼСͷСŽѾĴһ˫۾ˣСҲòУ磬˺üˣȥɣ

š

СԴؽУίĲС

ȥ˯Сԥ˰죬ȥ𺰸硣

һᣬû˯⣬շͳҶŹӣС𵯵ġ

£ﲻסЦˣҶҲȥ

ҶһʧСԴ

ٶ˵˸ˣȥɣϵõҵͷ

Ҷ𣬲̫ʲô˼

ҲСֱ˯˼ҰСƤϡˣ˯һ˷ʹȥ

ҶһҹͷڶѹʱſСƤˮҲҶ˯ˣŸܣϴˢ©¡

òһˢˮʪ˿ëСϲ˲˵㻰һ㰡ҶϸҡһȥҲȥ

ҶûŽȥſڵˣƲûʲôƢˣһʲôҲȷʵִŵġ

ųҶȥġûԼҴīͦڵд˳Ҷ𣬲ûΪСˡ

ҶС̶̵һСӡ¡̶ܲɿڣظʣСӡ°һߣһҲ˵ʲôǿӡ¸С״׾һϹŪģΪŰСľ̳ܿˡ

˵̶Ǻö˿Ŀ衭ҶԽԼƷеţõĻǶġָָĵۣĸһҪԼȫꡣǰ۾ҲɫһСƬϳ

һ鳢˳ȷʵǺóԣ˶ŪҶ˼˳Ļ½˾䡣⻹мϻƣҷֳַأΪˡβǾֻóԶʳඡ

û˵꣬ҶͼæԷֵģԷųԡǸҪǲ´ٸҼһСγ࣬ҶûȫϣҲǴ˼Ǵ̶š

Ҷزס¶˵Լˡңҽ첻ǹֻһ㡭

ŤͷȥЦҲ۾ǾСŵȤˡֹˣæóҶ£ôС϶ˣҶԺԼҲԣƽʱţһš

Ƿʽ룬ȷʵϲҶӣʵ֣ʹ㡮ۡҲϲ
 
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Ҷϴƪ
ҶҴˡʹۡ
ģŶʹʲô
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14
 
ҶջǸСùӯദһӣǸȥġȻûʽʦǱߣٲȻѾѳҶͽˡ

ӯҶĲдůɨҶĻ¯ٽ̸ҶЩӯĻ˵ǳҶ׵һҪ¶

˵ˣҶԺ˵̧ͷͦأ˿㣬ҲҪ˵ҪǺ£Ͷ˵ٵͷ֪кӣó㾫Ժкö·ҪߣҪúչأ

ﻹ˵ˣҶһҪ飬Ժ󣬹ùôȥʡǶ飬ҪϴѧǱø硢ýѧúãѧˡ󲮣

ҶǰһȥˣҲŬȥСù˵ǽŶӯĺһʾ˵ǡ

ͨһӣҶˣǾߣҶҿҪ㹦εģʱ̴绰ҪǿûǺãһɲ

ҶͷӦˣСӯùãҸøǲһ꼶ģǵҵѡ

ӯ˵ЦˣʲôСѧĿ⣬ѧĲǲסˣԺֱͦˣǼҳҶĵ㲻ˣ

ӯĹܳҶǳԷÿ̫£·еڰ֣һһҶ

ڰֲҶǰ򲻰˵·ҲǶߣСëһֱĲáӯֽѵҶС֦ڳҶ棬ߴ˾

ҶСëǸĹˣСȶҲ˼ǳǳĺۡӯƼҲۣﲻô˵͸ôˡҶǼҵкӣһҪվֱ·㽫Ҫչ˼ģ֪𣿡

Ҷͷ֪

ҶСûиĸչˣҲûֶȥˣչš𰮵ţûб˽ѵӯ֮󣬽ͷˣжˣͱѵһ١ҶĽˣĽǿ躰ǵԱ达Ŷѵ⣬ĽŴҿӵЩ޴ڵСҸ

ӯĳֲ֣հסԳҶźܴӰ죬ǶԺ󣬳ҶҲǼ𾴵ġ

ӯ֮ǰڰѳҶʰмӡųҶٵͷ·ĺһʱҲӣӯЩÿһжֲ˳Щ£ҪȷѡЩѡ̸ҶţϣекӣҲϣҶԺĺá

ǱߵСȦӱˣҶ浽һͱһкŴˡΧСϰΪڳ屻ߵĳҶ֡

ӯ£ǰǼҵĺӣҶҶ˼ҲӲ֣ˣҲûֹҲ˵Ҷܻҵ̡ţ̣ҪȻֻСء

ӯ̾˿ųҶС··󣬲10꺢Ӵġ˵ҶҪһֻ⺢ƽźá

ӯǰϴϱ˴¡

ϴϱҪԼСõĹϵֿ˳ҵĲӯý޸ҵɵӡ

û˵꣬ͱһ»ɩӣҪ˽𣡡

ϴϱǳҵĶӣ˵ԴЩã˼Ǯ˼ҵĹңһ˵ýأ

ӯϡ߰ɣȥЩģ˭˵ýȥ˭˵

˼仰˵˸ң࿴Էӯ˸ܵ裬ⶼʲô˻һףϴϱɵѧĺãм޵ĺãҶԴЩҪûֵ

ϴϱôˣԺֹĻ˵ͣӯɩˣԭЩһʳԭҹܵ¶ɽȻˣҾͶһ䡣ɩҶÿ궼ҼǮģôûǮ

̼϶ͳȥ˵ȥԶһصĲŴ绰ƽûе绰һϴҸ϶ϵģͷϴϱҲЩǮˣ⼸Ҳˡ

ʹϴһأϴʱͷ̣Żһ䡣չôңҲЩǮתһ¡ģȥȥסôû˵Լ˼ҶƷֻ˵Լ˶٣̲ԸԼЩҲĺ

ҪǮǸҶѧѺҽҩѵģЩϴҵǻܣҲͲĻЩǮˡ

ӯЩ޷ԼҴɩЩ

ϴϱӯЩǲˣվԺ˵ӯĲǣЩ죬ǿôģԵġȵһû٣Ҳѹ˼˵һյľͲס

ôųҶöҶԼСõ֣־Ҫؼҡһѱסˣʹȥһ߶ƣɵ㣿ǵ¶ȥϹϣԴġŰɣСùòŲǳ

Ҷߣϴϱ˵ӯСڵ·СǺˡ

ЩųҶһ̽ͷ̽ԣСȻᱻҪɴǽͷϣ˸εĽЩԶҲ

ϴϱȻҶĻӯӴҲ˵˳̼䣬߶߶ûꡣߣҪˣ컹ҡҪˣο໹Щ¡

һ仰ӯҲԼҪˣȻҪߣ컹ɶܻ̼ҵϴ裬һùķˮ৵һõϴϱϣ

õøɴ䣬ϴϱҲûü㿪ó

ﳹһ¶˵˻˵Ųģ͵ñ

ȥɣȥʡǸҸ״㲻˵ҹܲңӯʮĺƢù⣬վſڣгϴϱٸҽݣٸ˵һ䲻ãļơ

ϴϱƽҲˣˣƤӣŪǷǣûôһʱҲ֪ýǸˣǰŤͷˡ

æСԺţӯ۰Թ˵˼䣬㿴㣬ôˣҲ˼ƼЦû£һˮóȥҪ˼ұǷǣ޲ȥô찡

ӯų̻ȥ裬µҡ˵һ£ȥͶˡ

£ӯЩ춼û¶Ҳͷһ˵ʲô£˭ҵĺӰʲôģǼʶ𡭡

ӯû˵Цŵģ˵ܲĶȥͱˡȶԺء

Լҹ֣һʱҲ֪˵ʲôã̾˿ίԼʲôԸ˵ǧϾ߰ɣȥʰ㶫ϡ

Ҷ͵ˣͦ᲻СùߡֻСùøˮǣֽš

ʵϴϱ̬ȣŸղЩԴ̲סҪüųҶСҶѧ

Ҷͷ֪罫ɲҪװͰ͵ϱǰ˵ģ⼸Щ˵ǳҶ˼ѧˣԷԾ˵

ЦˣϾһ£Ҳ˵
 


15ʶ
 
ӯʡȥˡߵʱ򣬳̸ЩԵģڶ50ǮܾÿǷԼҹ

ﵱˣɵȳһָͷȥ˼ʮǮ̷ֵʱӯԶˡ

ӯһߣҶҲѹ˺ü졣ͦԼСùãһˡڳҶ˯ҹ˺һ˯š

Ժ󣬳Ҷˣ·ʱҲ̧ͷͦأСӺڱǰûʲôҪǰôһˣ׼ҪһٺࡣһţģǾſġ

ҶСùã˼ϡȥ߷ֳʱ򣬳Ҷ½۰Ͱ͵Ŀһغ硣

֪ܲС˼ƹ˳ҶЦŴӦˡǾʹɣƣⶼ޳ˡ

ҶʰúˣһҲǰװģĻе㲻˼ץץͷûޣղŵŵġ

ϸ£üǱһƬã»ٳ˵롯԰ÿҶҰذɣ

ҶԴ˵Сί

ҲվſڵûһС˹ˣҧĴָ۸ˣ˵ˡ

ǿСģСɿ̽ͷôģһˮҲ㻤ŵİ

ҶͿϺϣϵǹһСùøҵģֻˡ

Сһ£СùãжðֵôǣЩ׶ôģųҶˣɴСȥƳӣ߰ɣСڣȥ߷ֳ

ҶǸİ취Ǵȥ߷ֳģûһ죬׼СЦеġ

ԳҶѧյ¶ûôϣȨ˸ط档ųҶϲļҵ񣬾СȥۣƽʱСͶʱҲ˳·ѳҶǣȻٽ

ƼҶѾīˣÿسҶȰڳʳԡҶ̰죬ЩϹģϲļĸСǷЩ߽߱ǽϣҶ̽ﶼʣﶼȤ

ʱȴųҶѧûôʯϣֻ˼ְѼóҶϸĹ۲졣

磬ųҶһˣ˵óҶţһϿǱ˵ģˣ˼ִóҶԼ˻ٳʵƳûУ֮ǰʲôͬ

ҶСĵǸְѼʹ¸˼ŪˡشʱǺģͷл򣬻οյģ˵ϱߵϲַΪϱ߶񡣡

ƣʵĴ𷨶Ľ̸Ҷϸ⺢ӼǵҲΣҲܴδζûԼⰡ

ļֱϵͷȥҶЧ̫롣⺢߯ʵ׵һг㣬˲ŷŹϲľͱ첻ûһڿ

ıڷˣһӣûôͽܡѧͽǻôҲøʦϼ䰡СͽܵãŶƵĺ󣬽ʲô棬һ㶼ģ

ųҶƲһ߶Ŵƣ̲ס̾Ҷһòã

ҶգգۣߣֿģСܳȥǸҶ𣿡

üģǸҶ⡣ҵ˼ϣǡˣȥɡ

ҶӦһȥˡ

ùǸ飬档ɷ񲻼٣ǶҲһ㱱ɵӰӡĿ˰죬̾˿Ƕ£̧ͷȥҳҶ

ŴţɴԼƼҶվߵͤСͤСĵĴǸʯϵĺҶҲֻǿƶλá

Цˣ⺢Ӿ̫СģĶǲҶƵשϱŪСͼмɫĥһķҶ£СȻЩϾʯģʵء

ųҶϸĿǺ߶ʲôһ׼̸ĶÿվСģͷһأľԼ̫ļǸúӣ˵˹ʵЩҲŵ㲻ǣ˼ҺԼ֪¹ʶ֪ˣɶ

Ƶĺ˿ڲ裬ͷĳҶ۾һߡҲãóҶףʵЩա

ӳҶʱ򣬳ҶϰϰŸǦʣһһ۵档ҲߣվһţЩҲƳҶȱ㡣

Ҷظ߰˱飬ӷָָҶСԱ㻭İɣѧѧ˾˺һֽ裡

ҶСһ𣬶СƢԸ˽һһ׼ַˡҳëųҶλû裬˵㣬ԣȸղǸöˡƤģԾ˺»ûôģ

ϴ֪Ķ׬ǮһҶ100ӣûбãҶԥ£ƹһֽûõҵһŶٵġ

̫ȵʱԱϵ֪˽иû꣬ȴǴͤ۾Ȼ°˯ˡ

Ҷڶ͵͵һš˯ͼ˺ˣڱߡţһ˯һĻҶıʼۣеҲǡ١

ﲻСϰߣ˳ҶһҶñּ¼¸ʱڵʲôʱߡ
 
лҪ˵
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ϴ𣺳Ҷ㻭ûϽģ
Ҷޣ£Ÿտʼ
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Ҷذ



16ë 
 
볿æýŲմض赥λ֯ΣԴСϵܾм÷볿ȥ

λȥһи˷ӡΪǼСһס볿費ģȥ˼죬ֱȷ볿¯࣬Ž˷⡣

볿֮һزǣȴ˸աûˣŽգҶҵˣԺɹӣĴһԺϸСĻҳ

Ƽ볿æк£Ҷȥˣ˵ȥ߷ֳǱ˰ɣڼҵȻᣬ̸ϳ԰

볿æס̣òãҸȥ˺ЩĹ

̳Բôģ˱ˮǸϡһͬ볿˵볿Ҷ͸ȥģҲ֪æʲôĲӰȻҲû

볿һȲڳ̼ҳ۳̫ɽˣŵг볿ͱĳȥˣԶľͿʼǱԹǻ֪Ҷһˡ

𵥽ųŵأóҶȱƵİѳбű߷¡볿ûǷݼ˵Ҳƽʱûʲô³ȥһˡλˣ

볿ͷһӶݹȥزǹɹǧĸǱľ͹Ǹжһ𲻴ýߵİ

Ҷں̽ͷ볿Ц£Ҹղſˣأ˵ʲôʱҵٺ٣

볿ȥ³ҶԴһվȥͷ˲ֱͬ˱ȳҶĸͷе㾪ϲС˺٣

ͷˮϴ˰볿˵Ӧһǳ˵㣬ڱųˡ

볿̱ʾҪԱһԣҶ㿪˵˾ȥëˡ

볿еˣŤͷ߿̣࣬Ÿ߰£ҶͲˣ

һЦǺǵģҶСùý˼죬ǳ˱˵ˣ뱧һأ

볿ǱһۣÿҶë׷ںߣ𲻲һֱëںߣ˰ͳҶСϱģ񲻿ϸһµġ

ûС꣬ͥԺСϳ⼸춼ڳ̼ҳԷģӽҲסˡ·볿볿ҲǼҳԷɣһ̶ء

볿л˳̵ĺ⣬ˣ˵һỹһȥģ

ͦȣȷ볿ѳȥϳе¶˵һȻŶŶǸôģºðǼҳҶҲ򵥵ĲҲܳһЩ˼ԺҲۡ

岻ãҶûǰҶܵʱ򣬾ԼС¯Ա߿ţˡٴ㣬ͳ̴֣Ȳˡ桢ʲôĻǳɵġ

ǰõģҲûóҶȥæŷ볿˵ɣȿѧ͸һȥѧУˣû

Ҷ׻ȥһë̵С˵ֵëˣųԡ

볿Сһë˳һ䣬ҲȥһУǱûһ䣬һס

һιҶûϾѧҼ¶߲ͦ࣬Ҷָͷ

볿ҲǴŽˣüͷ尢̶æʲôȥˣ˵ǼطˣӶţ

һŹιҶϹ˵ôֳ࣬Ǳ߸˸С¥⼸쾻Ϊⷿӳˣ

ѵȰֳԱ߸˸С¥Ǯһ㶼ûٻŪóƯ費⣬һֱȥסǮһ֮»ҡûӣȥȥˡ֮ܶӣ¶һѣ

̫ԸڱǰЩ˵˼ת˻⣬ͬ볿ҶСùáǳҶùý̵ģ·ҲǣƼû˳˰ɣСóģСȶǶѪˡ

ҶһС飬СùΪҺá

һۣʱСˡ

볿˰ëҲûܳһڣͬ˵һỰͻȥˡ滹ûأȻȥ˰棡

̵ķѾˣϴ볿װ˼ףȥԡϵЩʰֻ˼ӸɸҶٳԵ㣬һָóԲ·ˡ

ļ򵥣ǳˣ˸趹ǣһ̶ϡԡҶҧӸһһڵĳţԼˣܺóԣƼСЦеģҲ˵ˡ

˯ʱ£Уû͵͵˯ˡһ챡ζԼͬζðġԼҴŽĹ⾰̲סüѳҶﱧ˱

Ҷѧһ죬Ҳû˯ˡʵʵķ˯ֻǿԺȥʱ򣬻ڵԼĸ첲˯á磬첲Ҫ顭

𱧽뿪һ㣬飬㿿ͺá˯ɡ

ҶſȥԴѣ˵ʲôҲ̫壬СһǻӦ

ߵķ죬ϯϣûСĸҲ۾˯ˡ

ϳ֮żԶЩˣÿ춼ﳵȥѧŷ·СѧҲûҶ˵ڶɸһСѧ

еˣ˳̼ңŷֳҶԼˡҶˣԺϳвһѧУ֮󣬾͸߸ġŷѧճУžͱץˣûˣϾͱһ£

ѧ͵˰ϳҲһѳҶڳϣһġ

û͵ܣΪԺ󲻸һˡҶĺ磬ҲڼҵţǺҲûԼˡǲ˯ͷˣ

˵˵ǲгҪ˻˯ɣʡ

ҶӦһûһ

ѧ֮һʾġҶȻˣĺܲӦǳҶе㿪ϵļѾ׼һָڹСͽѧȥˣʵ˱ơ

ǰͤȰĲ裬°ʱ䣬ڻٵʱҶСͽܡڼҵ˼죬̲סԳȥҳҶбҪγҲһ񣬰ڵĻͬҪλ
 
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ιķ볿ƪ
볿Ҷǲˣ
Ҷǡ
趼סˣ˼û



17ţ
 
ҵҶʱǺдڰ屨ֲѾдĲˣʣЩҪ軭վҲȵųҶ꣬ЩҶûȥǱߣŻҲû¡

Ҷķ۱ˣתȥõʱŷģһЦˣ壡ôˣ

ǸɫīһͶ˳·ơҶտѧͦæİɣ

ҶʵشˣУܸϡ

ȻæǸ涼üǿϰ㿴ѧУĺڰ屨ϲҲдҪȫ淢չò죬ҲûҶ׹ɴֱˡ⼸ôû߷ֳ

ҶˣæͳԼıӵݹȥ壬Щڼһģæӹȥġ

СϹдںĿһĿͼ򵥵㣬ϰԳơһƹȥͼһģһϸ˾ܿһűһ䡣Ҷ츳е̫棬ûĶԥһĿİͰ͵صӣԺͺˡ

Щ򵥣֡Ҫľȡ׼ֶҶƢã㣬ǰ£һҪЩ鷳ˡ

ĿһᣬҶЩҪע⣬ܵ˵ԳҶͽǱȽġ⣬˵Ļһ䶼û©£Ҷ´ʱ䣬ûԼȥ߷ֳһˡ⻭Ĳˣǻö࿴ҲòԺĿǣҳ˼š

ҶýСʯӣǵһξܾˣе̧ͷ壬ȥˡ̲ˡ

ͣ˵ƳҶһֱչ̣أ֪ҶǸһסģԳϴҲ˵һ㡣

ȥظɻˣĸҽҩѡܲãҪץҩԣҵûȥ̰ҩҶһĵģ˵˼䵹Ƿο壬㲻õģҽ˵̻ģ

ҶԴ˼ۣҶؼȥɣôˣһСȥɲȫ

Ҷҡҡͷлл壬鷳ˣҸһؼҡ̵ҩˣȥץҩһ͸ˡ

һᣬЩϰĻ֪ǳҶڰҩĿʱ仭ģӸˡ

ĺܿ죬ϹżţƤֽҩſھͰ塣Ҷؼˣ

İѳҶ͵УſڣųҶгֱֵԶˣתԼҡҪúĥһô̳Ҷˣ֮ǰΪųҶ飬Сֲʵȷ˼ֲ˽˼Ľ̳ҶʱǵһͽܴģֻŸҶʹ룬ճҶŵˡױߣҶҲǲС

Ҷ֪ĵЩ¶ھͺˣǻܳƼļҵЩѧſѧôҶúܳʵÿȥʱ򣬶ٶĴ㶫Щ£Ǻܸлĵġ

ﳵҶңųҶչ˻̡ͦһ˵ͿԣųҶֻܰʾ⡣

ųҶʼҩͳȥˣҶϱˣҸǶ˷ԡ

ҶӶǶЦлл磡ӯĺгɹٿѵʱҲûƼСɥ

ϳԹҳҶˣ׼³ҶֱӴߡ

Ҷû˵Ǻܸ˵ģĲõĿ໭

Ҷһ̰µҩ˺ʱѾʼ붬ˡҶǰ˺ʵ·ëСëµģҲô¡

ĳÿ϶һʵ˪ҲӶˣ˸ȥÿɴųҶߡ

Ҷܲ紵ˣСͲҰײҰ׵һƬͶᶳࡣдӳҶƼСͷڰ屨ָͷöˣùǺץ۱ʾ͸ҶˡҶذɣǸ˵Ժڽţʲô

Ҷָͷ˿͵͵⣬ҡҸճʦ˵дֺãҶΪ༶񡭡

ץŵϣ⻰֮Աǣƨǰأôÿζд

Ҷں߱Сչȥ˵磬ˣϴΡϴΣ㶼ǰҽˣ˳ġҲֵˣ͵ܲá

𲻽⻰һĶûУ´һԼдȥ

Ҷصңͱñˣ𶯣Ҹţ̹

ҶڱֽŽûôˣ磬һûдҵ

ȥţˣ˵Զһ䣬𶯰һҸùȥڴдɡ

ţӸģһֱŸҶһݡǰõʣµģС巢˲ƣӵ̳ҲЩˣÿζöõţȸҶȡ

̼ûţ̵Сǰˣ´ɸӷС¯ϸţҶʱȡһ΢̵ţҶιȥСɫָŷġ´ٸ߶ʹƨɡ

Ҷǻĭӣ˵˲С飬ܴܲſӴ򣿡ϴΰӴһأҲΪȥ˴ñӣðͦ۵ġ

ָҶɾͣüǲɣݵǲס»ػٴһ١

ҶС׽˾ǳ̺˵ʲôʲôѹûʹһ䡣ġӡڳҶԴҶ˵ʶΪ˾ҪƨɵġԺҲðŷȥдڰ屨ˡ

´ɸﻹһţָ̣ͷմ˸ҶĨϡķ󣬴ۣҶϸƤҪЩࡣдγҶ÷죬ͰͿĨЩţڷĵطƼˣ͸ѧÿʣһڰڵţ̣ҶĨȥˡ

Ȳţ̵ζǶԳҶϵζϲǶʱ򣬱ůůģģСϵζ̲סҧһڡĨţ̣ҶСչȥһڡ

ҶڶЩ͵¶е㿹ܣ磬

ԥ£ҧͣϹ˵

ϱųҶ˯ʱԼ˯һ࣬ȥûһҶԼչˣ磬䡭

ûҶֻ汦һԼŤ˰죬굽ıһţ䡭

ץסҶСצӣȻǱģ˳¸ȡů𣿡

ҶһСѾҲ̽

ͷȥһڣСҲٷԹԵšԴ§ڻһůȣ⻹ࡣ

лҪ˵
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18һ
 
ʱд·һ˶ߵ«έ紵ֱҡΣɳɳ죬ǲ˪;Ļš

ÿʱ򣬴ѧ˵ʱ򡣾ѧУһ»磬Ҫܲ٣㿪ʼҪһСʱζÿ𴲡ʱûʲô˶

ƴߣƼԼԺŵʱ򣬾ͱųҶ˯

ҶºһˣҲۣԺľǱ߼С䡣

˴һס˱ǣ§ȡůҶ¿Ժ󣬻ȥǶ

Ҷůģ˲䣬ȥ˵Ҫõˣȥ

Ҷ֣Сѧëʣϳ˱ļӡҲǣҶͲˣرòſ佱һ䣬ҶѧЩҪӱ̿ࡣ

氭ۡ˼£üͷץҶ֣ҧһڡڱĥ£ûʹ󾢣СЦ

ڴĥ죬ŴҶ·һѹڱӵµģóʱ򻹺ů͡·ȥůˮϵˮѾˣ΢¡

ûˣֳһԺջЭˣһȥֳǱʰ·ȥˡϴ꣬ųҶֱȥ߳緹ЩӶúܣ˳ҶûһЩѸǶȥ·Ǳߣûæ֪轥û˺ɫҲǣһֱЩˣܾ̫³

磬ʢˡӳ꣬ǳţ𣬡Ԥ˵Ҫ£·ϹƵý㣬̫ż

ӦһųҶϳӣˡ

ûſڶȣԲһ֮ûǰˡ궬ʱܴȥϽ˵ֻڼЩЬӣҲȥˡﵹҲůͣϴó˺Щú̿ǽǣС¯ˡ

СЬֹãũＸС̫̫Ƕϲġʱ򣬵׬ϵǮܾԼ岻ˣ³ҶԺԿ࣬Ǯⶫһһ㡣

Ҷÿѧȥѧ졣ǰ·ũŵĺö࣬ҲֻܴųҶȴʼһĴϺʯʱҲóҶæҪǸŶ࿴ѧ

ҶʱСΣǸĽָҲϰ˳ҶӰҲٸƵĲţЩСƣ˳̳Ҷ䡣

û۾ڰкҶƣǿʶԽԽũǰʱ½͹ƥϱĺʯҲм顣

ҶţʱԱһ䣬Ƽʱ٣ҪЩʡ

Ҫǻ˱ˣĸ˦ˣƽͣμ񣬲𣬿ʵǳҶľͲôˡһһĻش𣬻佱˳Ҷһ䣬֪ˣԺʰ

һ߿飬˼ҳû¡ȥȥƳҶʲô

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ҶսˣſСľڵʮС񵶣Щͷˣ͹ⷢ

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19۶
 
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ܲԣҶò⣬ǰǰҧųԵһ

ĸһʾһСС·ɣ¾͵һƯСʨӣԲͷԲԣ̬䡣ҶǶǵʵܲʨϣƼɫ仯ġ

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߲˵Ӳȸʯر𣬿Ψһͨģòɫһ򵥵ܲ⻹ֺüɫоȥҪʵ״ȡ

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ĿһȶԳҶʨӱ˲ҶֲǷʨӲɡϻǸʾһΣ涨µģʵĻһ

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ҶûģһֱĵĶůţҲô΢µĸоҶҲЩʶˣһ֪ĳ˵֬أôصĶãͳͱİס֣ϾͱժƽʱǺ𣬵ѹİɣǺǡ

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ųҶؼҵʱ򣬻¡Ҷں߱ʵʵֶë¹䲻ˣں߷Ѿı³ǱġҶԴϴŸñӣ˱һȫסƼ˫Ц˵ۡ

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ҶҡͷŲǣ磬֪Ǹʨˣأ˵˯ϸ㽲

ԼҲ̲סôСһֱԼҲ

Ҷ˯ʱһֱǿƽۣԼǸմϵĹϵܾñŤ̲סҪȥһ

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20
 
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СģֻŪһСԿڼƼˣ𼸱һ£е㾪ȣӴǴĶŪİǰүһֱš

ˣүƺǴ˺ܶ飬ҪҪȥɡ

ҡҡͷеϧ̾˿ͦãǲȫⵥҲû˼˷һ飬һƬǺֱԣⶼŪ̫ˣôôƵġ

Աûɲô

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˵Ъһˣ裬ôʲôıȽֵǮ

ֵǮһͭˣ߶һ䣬ָһ𣬡㿴Ȿ飬ӡڼΰ˾ϲճġҲЩÿӡˢҲûá㿴ⱾǣҲա

ҲƼһѵõĺ飬Ӵ⻹бëأ㿴ûÿͦã⹫ʶһˣרأⱾͦɾǷƤѹ˵㣬޻áַ˼ϸ˵ˡ

Ūףԭղ黹ôི

Щ鶼ʰȥȥˣ𣬡´αֱⶼ滵ˣִֽģһСķŰ

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ֻЦЦҲû˵ﻹǲʹġԱĸ첲¶˸Ц˳ǰĲһںˡ

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ֵܴһԷӸߣҲãһ·ͦۡ

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ȳ극Ǽֵȥ䣬ͦˣһ˸Ǯ㻨

ַһȦȵǰʱƼԼСҲҪЦŴһƣ߶ȥ㶵ǮɲˣԼԼȥ

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𲻸Ұѻ˵Ÿֿ̫̫󣬻ûʰүܹ𣿡

үӶ̸ǮǺܸȤֻ˸ż۸񣬵úýһ¸ĺôͦȤԻгģļ̯λȽϺáĩ˶үӸ̾һ䣬ⶼһµĶö

֪ǲЩǮǣһ飬Ҳ˳˼䣬˾ȥ˯ˡ

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үĻȥֱǼȽϿ׵С̯ӡ̯ǰͷڿ飬ģʱ̸ͬۼ䡣̯ҲɺƢһߵţǾ飬˿ϣЩĶҳֵÿ޵ĵطЩǮ

ſһᣬ̯һ׮Źȥѯһ¡̯˲˵̸һϵʽ

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ϰƼôʣֵģٵĸ˸Сһ١

е㾪ȣԱ߲ȤڿǮҲˡ߿Ķ࣬٣ȻǱ֡

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˵ˣϴ߳סԼϱͳֽݸ̡裬Щȥðɣ취

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ҶҽԺס˼ĲӲһʱʱҪȥǮҶԼչԼĻʿÿˮʱƼҶҺҲһݷˡ

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ѣҶµ磬ֻԼЩٸ鷳ԱߵĺӴ롢ҩֲݣҪһŲųԽȥҶźĽҲֻĽѣϵܿʼעҩˮԼдҵ

ֻ֣д֡ͼҶŬ֣ΪСù˵ſҵ׬ǮңҶ滭ͼΪ˲ѧͽѧͽǿйǮõġ

ҶסԺ2£˳ֻ̣3ˡҽ͵𣬻оǾδĶ塣

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ҶԶˣС˿˵´Ⱦ֮ǰҶ֪Źǵʱǻһָ̳ԡзֳ̺ᶼˣ֪Լʣµģܸ˳ԡ

Ժ󣬳ҶÿٷԵĸɸɾǮĲף˷ѡ

ҶֻεĶ塣̶һͦľװģӵ̷ĵ籨̻ؼˡ

̶ֶӻǱȽϹĵģͳΪĴ˳̣裬Сûˣʵڲ㡭ҲûʲôǮЩðɡ

ϱдҪǮǼǼˣʵûӲŸ㷢ĵ籨תˣһЩҶʦҲһЩ㹻ˡ

̶ԼҲмۡ϶֮ûʼҪһǮֶӲˣҪøϱӵǮ⻹֪Ҫֳʲôˡ

̶Դ˵Цˣû£衣ðɣ˵ȹʱҲŹء̶ڵƫԶԿɣҪȻСųŸԼӣҲѶˡ

󣬳̻ǷǮû˵ϴһ»¶̶Ҳûʡ̶żԶɽϰѵֻԼչˡǮ˭˶ɣ̰ģҲھչ˵Ķడ

ҶԺϢ˼ȥѧУȴģȴе

ҽԺдҵʦű߽ǴԷ£ȥһˡҶѧϰǺ¡ǣҪ֪õǸףҪȾġѧУ֪ͨѧ㲻ˣڼɡ

Ҷվǣݵļû⣬Ƶϣֻʣһ˫۾˵ĺܼѣʦҽ˵ѾˣٴȾġ

ʦЩ̣ҲǵУ쵼֪ͨʵû취Ҷ֪ǸѧѧУôͬѧһȾҪ֪Ȼؼȥɣ鱾Ѿͻȥˣʦ㣬ϰһѧõġ

ҶѧУԼСԺ֮ǰʹһЦЦ̣̣߳ڳôͬѧЦңҲѧˡڼԼ顭

֪ܲô£ͬҶһǼӣѧУȰˣһĺӻᴫȾ̺ȦųҶԴο̲סˡףҽ˽֤ѾȬٴȾΪʲôѧУأΪʲôѧУ˵ĵطЩĺأ

Ҷûޣų̵ļСȰţ̣¡ˣԼҲܿ飬ûµġ

ٹЩӣЩҽԺĺӣ󲿷ֶתѧˣһҲܼ顣̼ûǮЩӳǮ˳Ҷʣ²ģҪŸҶ壬ʵò߶ĽѺתѧá

ҶԼڼҶ飬ϰ̡ǽҲˡ˺ܶƷҲίĸ̣߳ϣóҶϸһ档

ǶԲסǼ𣬲µҶˡСֳǱߵķҲסˣǸ˵һЩӾͰ

ǿųҶģԼĶӡһ̸ɫһ򣬾һѧϵġ

ҶڸﰲţҪߵʱ۾Щʧ䡣

ʱ򣬳̾͸ҶȥˣʡǵСùýȥˡʡǱߵĵ绰͵ַȴ˵ˡ

ҶڼҶһӣͱ˳ãȥЬӣҶԼԺﻭǴ޻ҲţֱӷǽġҶ㣬ͱץס·졣

ҶٶһԣɿСֿʼۡǣݵĲˡ

ҶСЩףͷϿ𣬡ҡҸջ컹Ҫߵġ

ȥŭȼƨһڣûǼңҰ˭ģ

Ҷ

ٱɰҿ㻹˵ʲôĲӴ̲ڣֱӵһˮȡ

ҶСѣ磬ҡв

һҲ׹ôˣвҶҽٳԺ㿴Ľ֤д˺ϸɣпͲᴫȾ֪𣿱ϹҲţҽĻôŰ

Ҷﻹֽ߬ʣָ̫ǽڶЩˣ磬Һòãһ˴

һ£Сݵֻʣһѣڷʵ˲ٶ˵ҶûˣˡҽԺչôãԺʱҽ˵ҲûȾ𣿡

ҶͷֻСָȥץס½ˡ᲻÷Źô׽Ļᣬˡ

ͷĥһ󣬺Ȼͷȥ˳ҶһڡҶŵˣ磡࡭

̽ͷȥСĵһСŲסͷ⿪ʼһ˱ࡣ

ҶˣŴŵµץ½˻ǲɿ

ιıӣЦˣôˣˣ޵ĸСèƵġҶ㲻СùõĻҲ̧ͷˣҲʼˣԽԽСӴ

Ҷſ۴ޣЩ̫ίʵܡ࣬óҶᡣ˵ʲô飬ֻǱʹޣһĺ֡

ƼˣŷġųҶСԴŵˣˣ˯һûˡ

֪ǿˣĻãҶ˯ˡҶëϻỨһͻɾȥ˯ᡣ

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24 
 
Դ˳ҶƼС۾ЦԼĪӿһ˵ϲֲֹϲ

ĳ˺ܶ죬ŸҶһԶţרȥҶȡһú첼ŸҶһ㣬ʿ̫һֳĸо֮ǰ͸ҶĺҲۡ

Ъһᣬһ·ϻɫЩƣǾ񻹲ųҶݰͰ͵ӣ۵ĲУҶ̫ǹй;ҵһֱԥҪҪ㺰ʦͨˣ⺢ҷŲ£Ժ󣬾͸Ұɡ

Ҷ£Ա˳Ҷһѣʦ

ҶȦֿʼ죬ĵСͭǮǮβѾܸмˣû뵽񻹿ϼʵһϲ¡Ҷ˰ᣬһʦԼʲôֳϥͷʦ

æããǸúӣʦΪˣЩӾ͸㣬

ĳҶ壬¡

ûܿҪ𣬿³ҶҽԺҲ֪飬СǰţóǮ١Ҷ֣ϵ㣬СĵҶϣ˵ϴǿҽԺˣҲã鱣ƽλʦµĶһ׼

Ҷǲֻ˳ӣллʦ

ЦˣҶŽȥСԴӴʦ١Ժʲôţǰһƿ˰

һᣬ˳ҶĽҶ˵ܳԵ·ҲãŷġûҪߣҶȺúţ߷ֳңǻ˻ûأȻȥ˰

ҶæӦһĳȥһʦټ̹

ҶվſڣСԺŹϣͷС˵岻֪̳Ժʱ˼顭

Сû⣬Ǻ壬Ƕ㺰ʦ𣿸˲

Ҷתƻ⣬̧۾𣬻ŸղǸ⣬ʦ֪ô֪ģǱһ㣬ǲɵЩ֪¶̫࣬ൽóҶΪ֮ǰȥҽԺһ

ȥҲͣʲô֪ЪЪɣСԴ˼ʲôأ

Ҷץ·СʣʵСͭǮûԼǮˣԲԣ

ٵĸ֮ǰȷøˣ˵ЩͭǮͦãЩϧԺֵǮģҾ͸ˣԺãҲˣһͷͰЩͭǮúŰ

ҶƿСͭǮ󲿷ֶǻǮȫȥҲֻٿ飬ֵǮĵûգҲȷ˵ЩˣøҶš³ҶǮ¶ֻЩ

ҶҪЩģǻǮ£šҲҪġ

Ŷᵯһ£ЦˣþţͭǮҵģҲҵģ˰

ҶľҵģҵĻҵġƽȥˣȻﲻԣ⻰ûɵĵͷǴӦˡ

ԴͶˣҶԺ͸ѧգҾͽд飬ѧУ

Ҷһãһ׬ܶǮ̣Ҳ硣Ҷ֪ѧͽ׬Ǯѧ׬Ǯһµϣ

˵⻰̹С۾̲סͷչȥ

Ҷ㣬Ǻܿ˵ӿϲҲȥˡϱʲôůůģžͱסˣڴＷţϤİĸоӿ

磬Ҫ

˵̽ͷȥһ飬Ҳ˳ȥСһ΢ɿЩϢҲЩȣǵĸоܰ᲻뿪ôˣ

ҶϣС׵Щ죬ͷૻػ̿ˡܾ¶ܵűǰģǲ֪

ЦˣչȥһСڣᣬȥԺǱˣŻءһڣ

Ҷͷøˣ

ˣС̧ͷȻȥ˵Ҫ

ųҶ֣˵˻ȵɫЩˣû̻Щ֣ȻҲȥЬӣƺرæÿ춼ȥ

æʲôüζûˡ

Ҷ룬̫ĸ˵Ժи̫̫ҪЬȥæˡ

ôף˵ʮʮģԼȥһˣǰԼԤ·ЬࡣɣȥæҲܵЩǮ벻ͨǣҲЩǴӲôȥ·һ

ţҶǮɣԸ룬ųҶ˽ÿ㳤ûҶ

Ҷ˵ͷš 

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25ո 
 
ҶһֱڼţҲȥ̸˷һЩ˵壬ܻΣÿ춼һס𿴼ˣŷҲҶŪһ޺쾣ۡ

쾣ֽͼͺǿҩõġľָͷۣ͸ǳɫĹ󣬴򿪾żһ㡣ȽⶾߵֿƸιõˡ

ʱʱ÷Ҷһһףĳһףôȥǻָͦ졣֪Ǻ쾣۷˹ЧǿˣҶɫ

С壬Ҳڿʼ˰θߵļĻ˵ǳҶôţû׺ȣڷá

Ҷ̺ϸĵһ࣬˵⣬СҲָ˰𪡣ҲЩȻЩƳպεģҶ裬ֱӯ̵һ˳;Ŭ̵ıӰһ񣬷紵Ҳ۶ϡ

ҳҶʱ򣬾ƼôһӰãҶĳˡ

ҶһͣϢſڣЦһ˫۾磡ôҲ˵ȥùϳԣ

ԺСϣµãҴӼҳ˹ġ

Ҷˮرϴ֣ŶһʣǳԷ𣿡

ûУ߳ԡҶС£ǿͨӡϣҲûƽÿģġ

ҶϴɾϵʯۣǶһѹ˵⻰ͦˣǺãҵȻȥϯһ顣磬ǰ˵λһֱȣ̶㳳

ÿ˵³ԷҲסµ˼Ҷûķʹ̣һŵġÿȥæ۳ҶһڼңƼֻôһСȻӦסµġ

Ҷ⻰ûʲô˼ģüëǺȰֲҰš

ҶҲЩ㰤ңҲȰ

յ̺õС⻰ЦˣŶȰ

Ҷ˼ʵ˵Լĸ룬ȫȣ¯˶һͳˡ룬ѵüһ϶䡣ҲҪô

ıӣҲȥѻתƵСϣǽİɣôŪĸǰ̫һ

㿴ˣҶ۾£ԼСľ򿪸𿴡ʦոҵģƵأ

СľǴСһʮֹ񹤾ߣҶõ񵶲ͬεĶܳƵϵ̵

ûһͷǷЩģЩ״͹һεġ˵ƵģҲЩʵˣЩֱֻģˡСĲ֣зɫĽкմȾɰİ״ͻйͷɵ롣

𿴵ɫŹ֣˵ЩСֳģôãòĥһʯͷɣ

԰ֹʱ򣬶ôһĥģڸãŪЩ˳֡ҶչȥָָСϵļͷСһЩЩܺãʦ˵ʦүģҪĲպġ

ƤϵĻƿһᣬȷϹŶˡⲻһװɣôʲôĶа

Ҷһ˺üˣǰľɵʱ򣬸˼ٲҲûܲ롣ʦ˵ЩĻˡ

ЩǺܸȤ˾͸ҶŻغȥˡͳһŵݸҶ볿дšæпûʱ˵ȷż˾㡣

ųҶţŵȥҶߣ°ͷϺһšҶҲϰˣžٸһ㷽

볿һ磬ԼԳɼԹͬʱ㷢˶תѧŮͬĺøУԼǾֻɰͰ͵д񫣬ŵĩβһŮͬĻֻǷ볿Ļʵ̫󣬳Ҷ޷ŤŵλŮͬѧĽˡ

пˣȻ̸ĻŵĽβܲ볿ȻЦѯʳҶϲ͵Ů

Ҷʸ볿һ⡣һСдҲоݣ볿ѧϰͬʱ罻һЩɣʵղŵĻȥζ̫ŨҵļĵίЩ

ûŲѣһֱſڳҶ󣬿дꡣ㲻µõʲôȣ

Ҷе㾪ȣʦ˵ܸ˵

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ҶȵҲû̻ǳϴϱһˣ˵߽˻ƣˡ

ϴϱûôԳҶɲ䲻ÿ¿Ǯģôȥɻò֪ĿŰأﲻܾóôͳȥ׬Ǯڴҵ˶̴֪ϡЩǮ᲻ˡ

Ҷſл̼ûҲΪĸһˡΪûȥȱ裬죬ȫũ˶֪ˣ϶Ҫһܡ֪ˣлл

ϴϱ۳ҶԼСӱȽһųҶûٶ飬ҲûԼ׳ʵ΢̹һ㡣߻ԳҶ߶˼䣬ҶҲ̸Щǲ԰þû˰ɣ·ʱ򿴼ϼϵ˿϶ˣҲûժ

Ҷ̧һ£ĸȻźЩ˿ϣǽӵġﻹǰɹ˵ļ¡

ϴϱ죬ڼҲţƤ׵÷ˣСӡϲҶݰ׾һ;øɲҶû飬ԺҲѰţ޷ǷЩȥ֣һСӣԼô

Ҷ۾ſһᣬҲŴĸ߶ﳵ뿪ŰѴϡ

ĲͷȳҶ͸˵Ժˤϣ

Ҷ̾˿һҿɲҡı飬磬ڶŵҼſ˵һ𣿡

ٸ˵ЩԴһ£˵ĶЦˡֲˣ

ǰϳȥȰڼҶϢһᣬҲԺ˵һ쵹Ҳͦ֡

룬תظղŵǸ⣬ҸڼҰɣҲֱӸ㡣˵ףǲԸ⿴Ҷǹ

Ҷȥѳ̵곷ֻķϡ磬ÿ½ЩǮءȳԷɡ

ϵ̼ҳСسǺ˿ϼûʲôˮڹŵʱҲЩɫôˡԵĺ㣬һ߳Էһ߸Ҷ˵һʱ

ҶǲȱǮˣ˵ȴЩðɡ칤Ǯʱٻҡ

ðҶʢһ̶û£ҲȱǮ

ŶһҲٶʣ¿϶ԼĴ㣬ҲðȻ˵¶Էкϰߣ˹ĺȣǳԵ̫죬ѷȥһ̶ʱҲţһȹ˲ųζűˣͦúȡ

ǰҶЦˣָʢһ룬ζ˵󿪻̶̶ŵǵζźá

ʳҶʲô͸ųʲôֱһγҶȻϲϳԿϣ˿顣ԺҶҲ۲ϲã𽥵ζ۲ˣͷ˿Ķڴڵĳ¶ǣǽ˿ҲܳԽȥ

С֮󣬳Ҷ˼ü𡣻ҧſƬɫҲ࣬ʵӡ

ҶЩС¾ͻЦǴüı飬˼峴ϡ

ں̶ҶڶЦôǵСжɫЩŹ֣Ҷʲôأ

ҶԼ̲סҪЦû뵽һϵЦ

˼ûǸЦϣóҶЦСֵģʵϲЩ˷ȥϢɺ֣ܳҿ쿼ˣ˯𣬺úѧϰ

ҶҲû룬ʰӾȥϯ磬ҰѴʰãȻȥ˯

ں߱סһϯȥ»֣ȥǱʲôһ˯

ҶŤ£Ѳֻðʪëٸһ㣬⡭ÿ춼˯رϽжвҧӴ

ҶС϶һȦӡվֱſȥર˼ڣһš

ã˭붪һˡſϲ˲䣬̾˿ҶҰɡ

ҶˣС磬ֳˣ

һͦƵģֳˡǰһһһں׷ûôŻˡ

ҶĻޣô˵ģôģ㿴Ҵ󲮺ʹĸϴδ󲮶שͷأ˼ҲǻĺúõİЦſŶɣû˭Ҳܵġ

ˣһҾͲġ

ҶϯҲû߳ȥֱӱѹס˯ˡҶ˯ϰͦã²һ˯ˡ֮ǰҪ˯û˯⡣

ڳҶŲԼоСԼ΢Īһ㡣ֶ֮˼˵ЩֻųҶСŵİ볤ǰ򴩵ģϴЩ󣬲óȥ

ַڳҶСƤϣĺ΢΢Ƿȣûٶ

һǰҹ˯¡СƤʹ£óҶĸ˲ŷŹ

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27Ļ 
 
볿п˳ǿһУҳɼڣö⽻Ǯ볿ֺܸˣΪŪһĻڵ볡ȯҪõһȥ档

볿ųӷһ죬ͣ˳ҶſڣСıӶˣҶȥ氡

ҶԺѧϰôɪŽЦˣȥ棿ϵǸĻ𣿡

볿ſѾżĻڵ볡ȯˣӣе㲻ĵ켸䡣һõλã֪УҾ͸ˡݳũﲻ˶Ʊ볿ûȹֵܲӵġ

ڸȥҲͷ̳Ҷ⣬ﲻԣҪִȥܽ⿪

ȥȥôҲȿҶ߰볿һ߸Ŵ֣˵Ҷִ˳Ҷϡ

һۣҲûֹɵ˰죬ҲûƼ볿аļ̲ס˳Ҷȥѳкö

ҶӦһȥˣ߸ߣ볿ںߺˣҶҶһ̶~Ҫİ

볿ڳҶҳԱ㣬ǰԼƱûȥˣٺЦ˵Ҫ͸塣ʲôպ·ңٸȥɱϵƱˣʱһš
Ÿղŵ£ΪǲͦôҪ

볿ץץԴе㲻˼ˣ㲻֪һ㣬Ư

ˣһǳĿŹģĸˡɣš

ϵĻûʲôʵĶҲѧı𴦵İڰӣŪСĿڿһӣôſϷũҲûʲô֣Ķˡǳȫ˵صС֣ͻͻؿؽǣһϣ׬١

ڻ᳡ſڵһᣬƼ볿߸С˵ЦġƱߣҵȻҶȽȥɡ

ʶԼְٵĿЦôˣ볿һ˿ɹܲˡ㵽ʱҺұȥ£ȱæžܾұǰġ

̧ͷһǹߵ㣬ǸģŮ벻ʲôʱŮ

һ£ϻ˶ᣬ㲻ȥѧУμӵǧܲұ͵ëأ

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Աߵ˸壬Ӧ˼ҿǴԶģ

ıѾеˣǡҡҡǸߵĹһŻ˵ˡ

볿Ҳ˼䣬δͦСһʲô˵ˣôƯСԼֵܣܱȥð

ɼߣҲûӦ˵ǻȥҵȸˣһȥǰɡ

Ż᳡ֶˣҲټ֣Լָ˵һ飬ɲ͵Ҹұڻ᳡ſڵ㰡

ЦЦûٿƳһС˼һѡ

ûҶͻˣһƿ򿪵Ĳƿˮƿ׵ݸ𣬡̫ˣֻʣһƿ

ƸԼȰɣһȥ򡣡

ҶŶһƿӸ᳡ȥ˵ĻڣʵҲʹӣŪݳСĿһ°ˡǻ˼صСǣнģгģֳͦҡ

ǰĽĿͦʣ֮Ϳʼ쵼˺һ˴롣ҶɢȥԼ뿴ĶǰͷŵĲߣǹ̶¹Ƶġ

Ҳû¿ֻԶԶһ۾ȥĵطˡҶ˵ʯͷģϾͦ˷ܣǿǸչռ˲پ飬һֱûóȥ̽̽׶

̯λȽϽҲΧŲˣЩСѡ澹ȻһͷһС鿴ĽζԱźһӶġ

ȥʱ̯ڸͷִ̯۳ž߳ŭˣͷ鲻˵ô¶֡ҵ鶼Ūˣ

̯СͷҲ֣޹ǰҲȥҪ򣬡ҶǮˣǮˣӴְҳ˺٣λҲġ

̯ˣģô˵2Ǯֹأ۾Ͳˣ㡢˻ű

ֲͷһ飬ҸҪұ˾Уһġ˵˵Щ㣬Ÿ̯ҪҰѿڴİҲɣûǮˣղëƱոˡ

̯ϣĥ죬ǰĸˡ

ͦ˼ȥǾ̯ӡڶܿЩ֪ŵǼǺ飬ͦƾɣɢҳĵط߷˼װ飬ƷĶ㲻ϣһüǮҪƷƷųɡ

ǼôװšųҶЩ飬̸סˣǰ۲ˣҺ

ҶǴƣջȥȻƽʱҪˣǻֱӰӴƨɡҶˣѾƨ۵⣬ϵ¶ΪҶһҲ

ȥʯͷչĵطǱ߷ƬһǰŻģЩİ裬йʯģҲЩģͦɡ˲࣬ϾЩͦһᡣ

ڶƬͱȽˣʯСġƵĹշ𣬻ִһѣװڸɫС̯һϷʱʱĲŪһЩСӣôƼ滹ʵĻɫ

߹·Ҫؼ۴˦ֻ޽찡

һߺȹȻСϱĶΧˡϲЩҲˣչȥһҿ۸Ҳ֪ǵصʯͼľǸֺǣĵҲ

ҲţƼֺһ߶أ

 

28 
 
ųҶվȦǴк̫࣬Ǻ뼷ȥͦʶȤҲˣԼԱе̯λȥǱ٣ϸһұһֱִء

ıû˵Ҳ͵͵һ

볿վԱߣգ۾˼Ͻϡ

ͷ˳Ҷһ䣬ƼҶͷ˵ȥҲУһȥˡ

˳Ժ󣬾ûôҶ͵ƼûϳѽǳҶôˣϸ³ҶĳҶЦеĿ佱һ䡣ǰ˵ҶСʱƯ˿϶ҲÿȻû˵أ

ҶҲûŮôһ¼ڵغˡغһ䡰㡱Ҳ֪û

е֮ǰһֱԼСͳҶ˵ЦģȻЩвСһֱóҶСڿҶѾһˡ

һ·Ӳİﲻʹ죬ҪҶЩŮʱ̫³ײı㡣͸ˣΪע⡣һִø㣬±ײײ첲ǿϺÿ𣿡

ǲסϰһ䡰ÿһ䡰Ưֱ佱һʱҲѲŤͷ۳ҶСһûԶҲͷˡ

ҶͷһֵطѵƼôСѷһ𣬿ĻͦȤζһᣬҶеʧˡϺСշֲܴڣɫҲ̫ԣŹģġ

˼һģҶڿԾĵطЩʯСɫڵ׹ͷĲֶһȱڡ

ǲˮģһģĶءԱи߸ҶգգۣС˵һ䣬˵̱ơС㰡ǹأ˵

Ҷæͷ˳СˣǰĽȥϵ¶ȷʵĹء

Ǹ߸굹ЦĺܺԼǮСһ͸˳ҶҲôţһȥɣǺǡ

ҶҪ£ȴǱǸ߸ӵ߬סһȥŰɣ֪гҶ㻹һʦģ԰ɣ

Ҷ£˵ͷ

㲻ǵˣϻһȥϡ߸ӣ֪ʲôЦˡҲǣÿضͷԼĻѹֲǵҰ

Ҷе㲻˼ĴֵʱֻͨƼʯܿʯˡ

ûû£Ժ󻹵öչأҶȥʱһҪ˵ûӴ߸Ҷգգ۾˸ơ

Ŷã

Ҷƿ壬ʼߡ

İ˸ҶЩģȼǸ߸ˡųҶõĶüͷšһ񣬡ղŸ˭˵أ

ҲʶѡҶ𿴹̰СӵݸûҪ»ؼžͻ

⻰üͷø⻹»أ

ҲˣһͶ˲ˣϸһɫִĵϸۡǳЦĿЦ볿˵׬˲Ǯһһ£

⵽㣬һû;ܾˡ򣡡

еɵۣǵôСѽǰͬѧ˵˼Ｑãһ˾ͼٵĽأÿ̫ã̰ˣٴͣǸǡ

ǲˡһץҶĸ첲ߡͳҶؼңһ

ںߺһûһͷҲصˡֻ˶ĵطץųҶ첲֣ĳɻ

ҶǸģߣ͸ţ˵Сĵ˼ɫò׵ͷֱ̰ͦЩһ˫۾۰Ͱ͵ĳĶˡ

ٴĻҲϨˡŵʱ̸˵ʲôţ

Ҹߣ߶ˡУܸʶ˵Ҫ˼Ҷǳ̻𣬶ôҶýԼˣվǶͷϴ

ִųҶȥ·ĵطһֻӡ岻ֻģù۲Żд𣿾ɣÿֻιݣҲ

ҶĶûôãö͹æֽˣ磬۲۰

û£ӶôࡣųҶﱻռ΢˵㡣

ӵϰͦ˳һСӣʵ̫Сǿȥë¶Щ

Ҷۣͦû÷ŽȥֱӱӸؼˡ·ܾе㲻˼̲ס˵ˣ磬Ҷûٳ㻨Ǯö˶˵ķڿ㶵һ㶼ûء

ǴӵС֣ǰͷ˵죬ڳҶ߲˵ʲô˳ҶֱߣֻӣǰƿʣµˮָָˮʾҶݸҺһڡ

ˮѾˣȵһɵˮƿں꣬죬ͷζҶǲҲ

ſ˵ˮƿת£Щ뿪ˡ޹أСܴԼģҲֻСһ

ҶڼҰɣ

ڰ

ҾͲȥˡ

ҶæչԼӣûĻôˣΪʲôȥˣ

סӵĶ䣬Ҷȥ̴ҰûٿŵͷĹ׵ҶȥסСͷһڣȻеһ

ǵһ׵һѳҶںС˸顣ĺܿ죬ųҶڶ߶ñôס˭ҲУûоҶ΢΢ĵͷˣŷſ

С̵ЦˡȻԼϲģǾһɡ
 
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죺yoooo~!Ҷ~˵㱻ֲݮ=w=
Ҷͷвݮ



29Сǹ
 
ԳҶ̬Щı䣬ƽʱ۳ҶҲϲҶһ𣬳ԶţҲǵøҶõĶڹ̷ܽ棬ȴҲӱˡ

մӺݻһļԺӾͼǸ߸꣬ԵľЩˡ˼ǸģҲ˵ʲôֻƲڳҶԱߣȳҶʰؼҡ

ҶǷӦܿ죬̿ʼװһʰһ߻ڸ˵磬Ͼͺãٵһ¡

Ŀȥˣôʦأ̲סһɤӡ

ҶˣʰĶһ£ĳĵʰûͣ

һųҶΪѵֳǻСŶŵȣ̲סԼͽܿǻҶǸȥ㲼õĶ𣿡

ҶѹǱ߽ʣʯеԥû

Ҳһˣ˱ˮ˹ĺţû߰

ҶֿұߣվǲҶˡ

˺вҶǱƣ壬ҲǸմ߻Ǹ裬ʡ

ƵһߣԼĴĭӲ裬̫ˣҺȲǿڡⲻһˣһΣͽܾͱһΣôӸΡ

ЩûųҶˣȷʵˣ˾ǰȴܳһڣӸεڡҲסųҶһСֵڳǿʼɻҲĵš

߸Ǹ߸˵ȥˣҲųҶһĳͦ۵ġ

ȥϰֵͲϣû׼Ϻõˣ



֨ѽˣ̧һֻƤ΢һ£ȻǸ߸궥ŸЦˡ

ҶֵͲ

ҶӦһһϤϤһ׼ֵͲȥˡĶ˵ˣպûأԸ߲͵ˣֹ۾Ϣ

ߵ½½ƺպСϺûˣ˵ֱЦ²ȤɱۣСһ

ò׵ȳҶĥ꣬һʰˡ۾˸ҶȥǰɣҶ˵ˣڶ

ҶĻû飬ʰð͸ȥˣ磬Ͱ̶ڼң

һ£ҪЦЦģǰܳȥˡ

ҶƳ𲻰˵¶ҲûʣԼİߡ

·ſڵʱ©ˣĵʵز󳬹˹ļǮˣƼҶҲЦø࣬кһߣҴ˾һ̰ɣ

гߵ浹ǼӺһ㣬ĵȳҶϳҡҡͷ̫ˣҲϰ͡˵ˣҲǺ죬òô顣

еûӦϵЦݻûȥǱѾﳵˡӣȻ̫ףôԵıų⻹ܸоġ³ʯֺ࣬к˾ϳˣδԶû

гͦ죬·ЩӿݵĵطҶߵһֱһַԼİüζӺϵߵò磬ҰﻹйߣҪ߻ˡ

Щӵó˶ˣųҶԼյһ·ȥߡ

ֳǱߵĶС¥λеƫԶҲΪطƫŪͦһԺӡֵ뷨˵ضʱٸһ׷ĿǰûҲһأ˵ͻݡ

Ҷͷһڿµʱе㲻ڡڷŴϼҾߣиһɳģذ嶼ķ⡣ҺܸɾҲ壬Ʋۼ

ͦɾİɣûôסݼҵסˡ˳ЩҾϣϼǿյġҪȥ׻Ǳ̡

ҶŶһʣҲȥס𣿡

ҲȥҪѧȥɡ򿪵ӣңԼȿţȥŪԵĹ

ҶҪһȥûãСβƵģɴóҶȥ¥ϰʰ䡣¥ϵڶǣȥʰ£Ϻ˯

ҶӦһȥ¥ϡķܺңֱǳŵģôһѶİǣԣȷǳס˵ġҶӰ䣬ùĹ࣬ôɨĴɨһ־ڷˣ¡ҺóҶûɲСܿĻ

ҶʰһźҲ˵ģȥԷʱһˣҶȥ裬ûҸ·

ϲҶ·дθҶ˶СĻͷñҶϴ˼ʼͨһ·δظҶģǾӼҴ˶һף·е󣬴ڳҶ˯£ߴһСñͦɰ

ҶˮܴϴϻЩ죬ſëͳˣʪͷء

磬ҡû˵㱻ĿŰ

Ͻסһ߶סҶѿһһٴֱСĵ㰡ˣִ󣡿ĵҲ򡣡

Ҷͷ˳ӵ䣬ŶŪˣԼ·

ѷ˰ڿһ߿һ߳ԡ˳Ĵ󲿷ٶĳʳֱ£˼ͷк˷ǡ

ҶӳԵ˺ü⣬Ϊ̫ҭšһâ֭ȥˣ԰ɣҲ㡣

극ͰһߵӴˣױƵİһóҶǸģ㿴ϲĸ㱧˯

Ҷëߣ˴ǸСǹһݽָȥҶЦ۾ִԱߵСèϲ

ˣСϲʲôЦǺǵıڻ᲻֣̫гɾ͸ˡ

˰죬ɴһóҶȥһȥ¥Ƹϸ
 


30ʲô 
 
иСӣһӰƼҶ棬˳־̴ӽȥӰɣϻȥ˼Ƭû

šҶãڳط£ںߵ˸ͷ

ˣ۾ƬӣʱʱĻͷһ۳ҶСһԣڰһӶһ˫۾ôġ

ǸܻкģضµأϲҶԼǰװӣÿƯСϣḻ̹

ĳЩ˵ӯĽ࣬ʱͷһؼʱִ̻ƨɣƽʱŵġ

ԼһᣬûѵƹˣųҶһ𿴡ҶĶȥˣ᲻÷£һӡôôϲ

һĶӵ£ųҶʼƬ㡭ʲôأ

Ҷ򿪸𿴣΢ĵӹߣǿƳǸ꣬ǰ͸Ĳʣе㷴⡣ҶЦС¶ˣ磬ƯƬӡ𣿡

һҲùַһߵϣܰ´δһȥˣϴ

Ҷˣֻܰ𿴵ӡԱ£һֻ©Сǹͱڻ§һ𿴡

ݵƺǸʿ׽Ĺ£¶Űܿе㲻ԾʿȻȥˡе缢ƿʵĿ˰죬·ҲˣʿȸǼ˼м䣬϶ţ̽ĵŰĽлɡ

ҶãˣСǹŤͷ𣬡磬ڸʲô

ûǺţҴ˲ôͬУʶкǶ棬˴һ鿴м̻ƵղҲûѡ־͸һŽȥ⡭Снˡ

Ҷֶǻ濴һᣬһдͷ¶Ů˰߰׻سûüͱ۾Ҷ˫գգۣˡ

٣ôˣžһңǳ˵жϡﱻҶĽëŪָæɿˡⲻСģҸұġ

ҶʵӦһں棬磬Сɡ𣿡

ȥ˵ƣûȻ̾С⻰Ҳˣ˵Դѵ˵˵ʲôƨ˰

ҶڴϣҪæĽͣǲǣ磬Ƽһء

ˣСĿģ

߷ֳǰժҰǶҶҧͣ۾ˮġȥ֦ƼҲ§һ졣

üëأ

ңͲˡҶ˵е㲻˼ʱͦ£Ͷûˣųȥġ

»رһȥȫһѣǽѵ飬֪ţҪȥˣһٶģ

ҶһҲôãҾͶǣһ

ŵһ£ˣţ

ҶصĽУۡ

ͷСͷչȥ׵ϡ׵ĺͷһСͣС⣬סš

ֱɿҶ֪֪ʲô

ҶС죬۾Ҳˣס

չȥСһڣǽţ㿴һ𣿡

Ҷü˰죬ֿʼҡͷ

ĵĶһ

ҶԼ·΢΢ȣôף׵̣ܡϻṈ̀ˣֽֿеġ

ֵİҶȷ϶סˣֶʣ

Ҷֱ㣬ǣܡ

ס㿪ѹЩųҶˣܸоһСŵųҶС£Ҷסˣҿɲ̡

Ҷв˵˼ɻûף̱ס°ͣ﹥ͷҰֱײĽţŵʱҶ̲סһ£ţֱݺݵ˺ü¡

ô

񡢲ˣҶᶼˣʹҡͷǣ˶Ů״ˡ

¶粽ãҶᣬһᣬֱ׵ҶҿˣŷŹ᲻ôʹ³Ҷƨɣĥٸ˵ЩˣҾʹƨɣ

Ҷۿ죬Ҳҷ𣬸ΪʲôҲоĲͬǰǿǹൽ飬ڱôţѾԽǷݸ顣Ҷģģ˵˵ʲô
 
лҪ˵
磨ҧͣҶô
Ҷ񡢲ˡ



31˿
 
Ҷڶˣѵͦ磬ûڸջرۣԼûҲųҶ˯ᣬһҾ˯ˡ

16ǳͣӴܸ࣬üĿϡˡũ磬ܶС20ͽ鵱ҲѹֳŪ˴ӣΪӽ㡣

Ҷͷ𣬼첻̫ǰˡҲ˵۾Ӷû䣬ǺǰЩһ֮ƺһЩˣҲһðġ

ץסҶ֣ҧһ£ʲôأϵıҰ

Ҷһֳ㳤ˣ

Լ°ͣе⣬ǰ˧ɣ

ҶԼģʲôҲûС軭ʱûǹعҲˡסô˵̱ˡҶһС𣬡磬ʲôʱܳӣ

ƼҶҲĶѧ̲סЦˡ㻹Сëû룬ȼɡ

ҶЩ̫׷Ϊʲôɴһϵ֪ʶҴ󷽵Լ㿴ǳ˵ųҶִӸ첲һ飬ʵɣ

ҶֵһӲ⣬󲻶ʵĵͷʵ

üë⻰⣬ִųҶԼĺᣬˡ

ҶָСĴһ£ţ˵Ҳǰˡ

һ䣬Ҳ᲻óҶַóҶôţܿ죬е㲻ˡһԴ˵ĵطҲˡ

ȣҶɡ΢뿪Ҷһ㣬СĲֻЩơȥǣһ粻ȥҲá

Ҷˣ˵ǸСףϿӣ˳ֿʼӡ

һһԼ±ߣһűӲҶ𰡡õӣ

ҶվڴҲ֣Ϊʲô绹Ҫ˯

æĵͷԶԣһᡣǸȥɣҾˡ

ҶŶһҲٶϵıˣ£˸ϣȥȥһ𴲳Է

𺬺ĴӦһڱﲻɡ

ңϵ붼ûϴˮšҶȰЩʰɾˣſʼĲ˺٣һ棬ûôҶѹóǰ˺䶳⣬˿档

ҶͰԼϲԵӣƫһЩŨŨ̵֭ĲҶһеþϸ˿˱ǡĵĸҶ⼸õľǵĲ˱۾Ҳкá

ҶȥʱѾˣŰǱˢƼҶһࡣȻᣬϴ͹ȥ

Ҳ֪ʲôԵ쳣ײУֱ˾˶ͷһҶһ߿ˣԼķչȥ˿磬Ҫȥɣ

ˣһָó緹ˡʢһ룬Եú㡣ֱѹǵ֭Ҳθɾŷꡣˡ

Ҷǿտյı䣬еѹ磬ʱٸ˿棬㰮ԵĸܿҿûǻʱҲ㡭

仰˵ûůӾ£Цˣ⻹ûߣ¶˵ɣҵʱ򿴿û¾ȥҡ

֪ҶĳһڼңСûô˯̤ʵһֱļȥҶǱ˯ȻҶĴСǴСҲøů

߷ֳʱѾˣԺƼҶʼԼָף˰ƮƮģһ

Ҷĵ˱裬˵ǰСǸʦԲ˯ͷˡ

⻰Ҷ⺢ӳþͲԱǸͷһĻСӣôô˳ۡƽʱڣҶĿ׼ʱˣôһͽܾѧᡰ˯ͷˣ

ĸտʼӡ̫ã⺢̫ʲô¶šǰԹϲôĺӣҲûǳҶ⣬ȻȻҲͳĽӴˣ˵ϲҲ̸ᡣ

̫ƵĿʼЩˣͽܵģıǣԼСͽǽһӴվǲСԼ˹ȥ

Ĵ˳Ҷ꣬ĳԼСͽһһĻɸְ

ѧУż٣Ժһ죬ųҶſ֡ѾԴһֻ۱һֻˣ¹ôҶͷǶٽˡΨһǣҶ¶棬˭ڱϣϣƲˡ
 
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ƪ
Ҷ~𴲡
ΪĳЩ˵ԭ㡢ȳȥһᣬȡһȥ㡣



32Сϰ
 
һ߳ʱʱ̧ۿ³ҶǱߣԼСͽȫעߡŪһīˮϴһ֣¶ɫж޸ģ𽥵Ҫ״

ĶԳҶȽϷģûǮûӵϹҶֻ֣ʲô̸ҶʲôǽҶõģʣµϣСƴһīɫ

Ҷȥߵɫڸɾˣʣµ״һ¹ŵĶ⡣ְֽ̳ģϸһĥĶһɻȻɵĹ⡣īɫĶڳҶףһĻȣԲɰ

⣬ϲ¶Ұ컹ĴëҶ˵ˣĩ˶ƵĿ佱˳Ҷһ䡣ɣǿЩϢϢɣ˷ù

ҶӦһû̷ʯԴһֱתǼ仰Ǽƺ޸ġ

ѳҶĹȡ·źãһ£ϹʲôأϽʰ£һԷˡųҶûžһСƣϴ֣Է

һ߿ЦСӸáҲڵʱ򣬳ҶĺӣչšƽʱųҶƲģҲζ⺢ӳ̫࣬綮ļ˱ԹԲõʱ⺢ӾֻŬɻԺſܳԱ

緹ǳҶȥģһ౨ʦһЩƻʳЩϲĲˡΪĲƫζصģܿİǰķǰ˻һۣԵͷԼģûֹԷ¶

Ҷ˯ϰߣĸҲһŵ˴óҶϢһᣬչ˺塣˴ߵķ䣬ŸţȣҲֻӸ͸

ųҶʰ꣬ҲŽȥһһᡣⵥ˴ʵ̫СҶһŻǲȥɴסˣſԼϣ˯ɣˡ

ҶҲôģӸĽţ۾ûһ˯ˡóҶǰǿС㷺΢΢͸ƤƺҲôˡ

ûô˯ãڵǲһþ

һΣμҶĲӣȵغ磬Сʱһ۶һˡҶôСֱԷڿڴţ롣

ѵʱǣԼЦԼɸ볿һûӵıˡ̧۸ƼҶд֣ϸϸСӣס۾̾һشȥˡ군ˣĿ볿ɫһˡ

ഺڣʼˡ

ഺ¶Ҷڳеʱ򣬾д󵨵Ŀʼһؼҵˣٷһģ͵͵ˣĿŵĽаµģְߵ˻һ,ҹޡ

֮ǰҲͬУСŮдţæԼ׬Ǯ¶Ҷ壬ȥЩ绨ѩ£һûصĸˡµû󣬲ʱ򻹳˳Ҷǳأڶˣʱʱȥռˡ

Ҷ𽥺ˣÿ춼ܲҲٳһ׮¡

һ׬Ǯ¶ҲæòˡڲԼڴϴεıͲˣ¸޶飬޲ĺģõ߼Ʒࡣôһ˲ţƫƫǸ⵰ֲ粻Ψϲ顣

Ҫڳҷ޲ĻãũݱºͰþͳ˴ҵЦԲˣתȥ飿Դвˣ

ЩǮŪһƤǣҲ˸ʱðæĶ޲¶Ӧĺʹ죬ΨһҪǣϲ飬ͷһǮҪҾһԼԱȫҲֻҪпڷԾͳɡ

СģһءͷԼϲ飬Ҳûʲôɻ䣬ƼԼϲģҪһ£Ƕ۵Ķ°졣Ǹգʵ۶

˼ΣִСȷǸõˣŷİһƤ齻

Ƿģ޲۹ⲻô꣬Ҳ֪۸𣬽ҲЩֵǮ޲ˣøһۣС׬һʣ󷽵һ飬ͷ˰졣

Ҳѧ˵һղʼⶫżһô࣬ž˲ֵǮ

֪¶֮󣬴󷽵ıʾҪ˵ɣ׬˶٣Ҹ㷭һ

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33ϵѵ 
 
ԭģŵʯԴԼ䣬еλ͡⼸귢ˣͬѺϻ˼СͻչԭͣǼѸۡ

Ǹˣ׬ǮҲƾһ͵ӡãߣҲһЩ׬ЩǮǮȷʵ̤ʵϱũãҲڳðһףſġѧҲϰ

ֵĳ˼죬·ˡ˵ԣԳ֮Ķ죬־ͻᡣ

ֺܸˣӹһСƳն࿪֡

ʾͬŶ͸ҿˣնûУץ˾͸ˣ

־СôʱũոˣôһܿԼ·ϿʲôǱС·ûܣֿƽģҲϸˣץⱸݵĳԿţͷ˸ͻȥ㿪ʱԼСĵͳɡ

˶ٴΣһ⻰֪ôģ˳Կײ𡣡ôôΣӻСһô죿СʱµοѧѧҵΪأ

Ҳˣϱ⻰ģȻû飬˵ӻҪġСʱôˣҳԴס·ϳˣ

ܲܽĶ˵ˣ˵ӵĽŶ󡭡

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ûӪĶԻˣ۾һɣ֪üִҲֻ϶ߣ֣裬Ȼȥˣ

ҲϱһվȻᣡˣѧУȥɣ

׷ſڸһһɡɫǲ̫ã˵飬ƫðʲô

Ǳϰˣ˵Сǣžͳ߶ġӹɡûͣˣҰҾͳɡ

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ˣǰɲô˵ģ˵ҸƯģʵģȥϲй⣡

װ˵ͷëһѣСӣʱ侮ʯ˰ô˵ҳأ

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е⣬һΪүҲԣΪŪӦǮǼġ

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⳵ڸװȣܵĿ죬¶ЧҲæԼģҶʱҲˣеʱҲ䲻С͵͵æʲô

Ĵ࣬ԳҶĽҲ˽ĸϸˣСȥѧգһ㶼ʵڼҴšÿ³ȥһ˳ϴȡǮһǸ̵ģһǸѧõġ

֮ǰҶûгˣ͵͵ȥ¡뿴ҶΪûСȥ͵ƵĽƣҶǮҪˣƮԺӵҲ֪

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˳ҶһۣǵոҶһӣƤġҶŰȫеΪ飬˵ȥ˼ҪǮܲÿ֡Բ´βøˡ

Źȥǳ˸Цûø˵Բ𡣡ӿȥҲûȣ˲͵ش˸䣡

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ǰͷӣûȵۣҶԼԴȥˡ

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ﲻ֪ϴϱ˵ġĸŮʱ򣬰һǮóҲãɷȥҪЩǮϵʱǻЩΡ̴żҪ˼ԼȥֱοǳҶСȥ

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һҲЦˣëС̰ԣгԵĶҲ㡣

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𵽵׻ˣ֪Ҷĳ壬һֱû߳Ҷȥ,˾¼˯һҹڿԣƺ³ǣѹ͵͵Ŀ˼˯ˡ

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ͷˣƲʹȥżƬߡĲ￴ʲôżֻ΢Ŀ飬ЦһҲЦˡ

ҪͳȥҽԺ飬ɴֵ˾ϳҶһȥһˡ̼ĽǰһǾɼϵëҲЩáҽҩǺúÿοˣⲡżۡ

ԶĳһˣɴִųҶȥһ£ЩԵõĸǴϡʹ˵ãЦЦǶˣ̣ڲܼһżϻģҶøҼˣ

̱Цˣ۰ҶԴĻʲô۰Сû˺

ֻ˼һ뵽ǰڳ¶ʱҶͦġЦ£Ҳ˵ʲô˾Żȥˡ

֮󣬳ҶǮ֮ǰҽԺŸȵϵġҶҲûǶҩӦòˡҶµѣʣµǮ𣬡磬ҩǮ

ӹǰɢǮҲûֱӴȥǮƳҶģҶϢûأ

ҶչͿʼ죬ʼˣ֪ôǼܵľٶ۳Ҫ洫̵ҶǼСԿĶ

ҶһһƳƹȥ˴Ʒඡ

̽ƼϹЦĳҶվǲ߬Сȭͷ˵Ӵôˣ漱˰

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СùӯһˣҶתѧġͬһģɷǿǿվһ߰ŰЦúһƾ֪ŵġ

Щӯ˵תѧ£¶Цݣ̫ˣҶллСùãȥѧУѵõأһҪϧᣬúѧϰ

Ҷеԥˣһչų̣˸պһ㣬ĳȥˡ

һ۾Ƴ˼ųҶԴοܹչ˺Լͷȥɡúö飬гϢǣԺӻء

һúѧҶųԿ࣬ҲܡҲҪֺҩҶҩӷֺˣһʮҩʱɱ˷ϡ

֪Ҷлѧˣͺ˴룬Ҷ˵ЩæӦİɣôѧ߶ǺǡСѯӯ䣬ս飬ôżǱչ𣿡

ӯɫʣæûµģ裬ﻹСӣչȫǶرã֪Ҷء

ô˵ҲͷſģǾͺãǼ޹ȥ˰ǧżҴãƢҲЩ

ӯ˵̣Ц֪˵أһ촵ð˵˭һԼ쵱ŵ

ЩȣϾ׹־ϲĿӯлƽ̹Сӣǡкˣ

ӯԱߵЦˣһյɵʱռģҽ˵óԺˣų׳ʵ

ӯԱһ䣬ҲգץץԴЦúϲ£졣

ҲЦˣŮǸʵˣ仰ƽӯΪĵġ

ϱˣͳﻹǾŮӲͬŮ˾ҪúӣźùţˣȴǱ¶ߵ뷨Ϊѧˣг·ڳҶٴζ飬ʮָмԼҹġ

Ҷ֪̺ӯ࣬Ҳټ£˳˵˼ӯȥ

С÷ǿǸʦ˽ѧУʦͬѧͳҶȥѧУʱ˼ҴкöչһЩСùӯ³Ҷͷ۸ҶһȫסþߣųҶȥ̺÷źá

ӯųҶҶһҪù飬µĹԼҪץһʡǣҲдŶ㡭

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ӯǰӣԼӣ޸ĸĳҶᡣǸҪǿģȰοҶĻ߳ĽҶסһҪҲ¹ΣҶǰܣûбǮһأ͵ɡ

ҶˣĬĬļСùõĺãĻġ

ӯ˸Сۣ³ҶûͣͻʡǡҶдһȥлӯСܻС˺ãϣ󣬽Լһϸֳ

תѧĺܿ죬ҶǰŸȥž͸ˡһҪ˵ŪһУͦɣ볿һࡣ

볿ĵʾ˼飬ҪѧУסޣ޲ȥ˵̣ȥˡ㲻һᣬǰҲȡ

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һûԷ˲ӾͳɣڴڳʳõƲˣȳԵĲˣŷ¿һ䡣պϣеˡ

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ЦЦȸϢȥǳ԰ɣ

볿һӶѿʳʣ˵ƽˣ˰ɣԴҰȥֳôԶĵطȥضڵģҿɲȥ˵ˣҪԣԼȥҶò͵ˡ

Ҷһ²ŻؼһΣˡ鲻Ƕһи˸̣꣬ÿնס

볿£˷ҿа綼׼˰ɣ꿪ˣУҲؼˣҵȥƣ̫ţˣ

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üչҲ֪˵ĶΥĻ˵볿ֹ֣˶Ա˴˻Ǻάġŵ㣬Ǹģûһˣˡ

˵ɡʦҰȥѡѧУʮǧġԺ¶˭Ҳ˵׼

ҶһѡĴװϣʮ㡣˶ǻˣɫ⣬͹ζ˱ǵĺŹǣ㻬ĩһ跬ϲ˺

Ҷһʢһ䣬ůůθ볿˻źһڣ۾ҶսϻسŻóأ

Ҷڸˮ˵ҲЦˣǾͶЩ˲ˣһܱѵõ¿ˮֱߣ³Է磬ϴҪԵĩѧ£㳢ɡƽʱҲû֪ζԲԡ

볿ԵһͣŹǾͿ佱ˣóԣóԣʲôóԡⶹóԡ

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볿ֱԵ϶Բֱ֣ͣһŶһ߿佱ҶҶԽԽóˣ

⻰ȥ˵ʮˣһе㿴ȥųҶһʰһ꣬æӣȥæ߻볿Ӳɾ

볿ڷѾĨڿ飬磡ղſû˵ҸɻôҶһת۾ͲֵˡҶӳһϴõƻסˣüЦһ˳˳ҶСһѡǼҳҶ°Сʱû㣡

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ҶЦˣҲɰ˵˵ƭҷС°ɣ

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볿ҲˣЦǺǵ˳ҶСһ£ǸʱʵһѧĻỹ

Ҷӣûü㿪¡ӳƼ龰ɫĹȥ볿Щƻûȥ԰ɣڲȥܻǮԷ

ǰǮأİɣ˵ˣûҾ䷹£ôһ¾͹ˣٺ٣

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ҶڼϣҲҶﻹץǿĨСĵ𣬡磬𡭡

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ҶһŻе㲻ڡ̻ɣҪҡ

˵»زˣҾͰӴƨɰ

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ңýţʼʰСһѳҶСƨɣȻŰ˿ӣžž˼£¶˵ˣ˸ûһǰɣ

ĵǲۣǳҶˣİЩΪ飬Ť˼Ҳ

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ͣ£һЦſڳҶֱĶһֱӲŰĳһֱӲ˶ˣųҶСƨɲ£ֻϲ˲Ӳ

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ҶԸСﱻʵʵЩ¶ʵʶ֪ϵܣһֱ˵ʲôٴνѧУڴ˽ЩУãղ˵ģҲϲġ

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ҶŤͷȸĶ΢ĶҲ̲סЩ졣ͷڵȺһԵ𴽱һ£Դȥϲ硣

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ҧһڣһǳǳĳݺۣôԣҽòã֪ǼҳҶϲˣһڰ

Ҷ𷭹صѹסͶˣֻܷ΢С

𳢹ͷɿСͱ׺Ц᲻óҶܾţҲٹЩܵĶֻóҶߣѡѧŵ㰡ȹ꣬ҲԼôŪ

ֻСְסֻǵţҲЩڳҶһڣ»

΢һ˻Ҳ̫󾢡ͷҪָͷȦãһ¡

ʱ֪ʶǻ̵ģûе飬ֻһС¡ʵĸ˼ʦ˼һ£ôԼˡ

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Ҷи߸ѾʼⶫȡЦˣʶԷëûСҶԼûͷһƼëġտۣЦʲôأ

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ҶһڱﱧסԼϰǵҺ壬Щ̡ʦ˵þˣٶе㡣

ַҧһ£սС򣬡ﲻƼùǶַֿ㡣õʱСЩűǰأ

Ҷҧָֻؽʦ˵Ǹãա

ʦ˵Ļô˵ôߣˣһһʦĺװһŭŻСƨѣָĳģָʮֺá

ҶڱŤŤȥĶ㣬ǱѹסһڣֻǼ򵥵ͣ˺ű˴˿еȶȣЦˡ

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ҶСס죬ϾҪȥֲֻȥѧУЩˮС⣬ųҶ˽ϰֶڴһᣬȷСû۸ȥ

סСųҶѧУƽʱûҲȥƣҶСϱԼϱչȫǡڣԼЦһ·

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ĵ֪ѧҲǾ˫޳ɵģǷջɸҪ۽磬֪ʶīˮĥĶǸֻϮѧĲͬʹһ˵ζ

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ҶӦһ˵Ĺ˼ΣǱҲͦʶȤûٴ绰ˡ

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Ҷ棬֮ǰ̵ĲɼڰŵǰʦС÷ͬѧչмӣ֪еطסһˣʹӦ˳Ҷޡ

ҶȻ˵㣬ڰ㰫ģÿλڵһšڶڿκҪȥٳ㲥٣ҶǰŮ٣ʦͰѳҶŮȥŮҲбȳҶߵģŸ߰Ҷٴռǰλá

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Ҳ֪ҶиУĸ磬û˸ȥ۸еҶѵģҲˡͷ볿ѧУûʲôܴµҽҲҸҶ̫׽ˡ

ҶѧȫԼ̿Űѳɼġæżʦ̵ЩݣϻȥҪѧһݶ񣬺ò׽ʡһʱ䣬ҲԵռˣʵûоȥΧͬѧһƬ

ֻÿ˯ǰһССĽ˵˵Լߵ¶˵˵ž˯ˡ

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41˵ 
 
С꿪Ĳܶѧϲ顣볿ĸ߿ҲһЩĶ

ҲвʦϲתתҵԼϲľɰղءʹʦϲ飬һһģ֪кˡĵպܲ޲ֽʵϸƲ𴦣˱治ֽŷƵЩʲôë

ҲС鿴ǱЩһһ2ëǮŪҲô˵мСƼվ飬ͰԼ𻻣ҪǸͯ㻻вУ

СŵǱرשͷƵģûôصģǺ۰Ͱ͵Լ͸ǺӻˡǲС¸ҡûȥĿʱͷ۾Բˣ㶼죬ƣ

Сķһ飬ϧĸʲôƵģѵõĺ鰡Ƽûȣһңѵˣ

üëǰ߶ġשͷ顯žⱾˡҪֵǮȻÿƷ࣬޸ɼƷģ

Ĳɾ飬Ħţֻеߣ޳ɾƷ

е㾪ȣһǮղؾɰ飬ҪհƷģ˾Ʒ۸ܷһƷϣʮпܡĲ˵Ϲܱ֤ƷǾⱾ飬նˣ

е᲻֣ǵǮ¾ƷģҪȻԼšĻãһأŪģҪô

⻰𣬡ҿһС

ıʾף֪֪鰡ÿԵ֣ǿ󲻵ã

ȥС֮󣬾߹˸ӣдԻ顣Ҳ½½СõЩհ˴յģŪһġֵò塣ڼСƤΪˣ˹ܷÿ쿴飬һƼһݵζЦֱˣ

ӴˣҲ׹ͦݵͷʵǸաٿǮһú㣬鿴ܸ˵ĺáֿⱣܺ޲ĹҶˡ

볿дιƼСž飬һСʱơƿ¶ҲЦ磬ǽ겻ƿӣշ鰡

Ҳǰ¶ˣЦ£ǵأ

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ҶżٹæǸС˹飬ץһǸƼ볿ݹǮûҪŰɣ˵ҪǮأ

볿ǮƹȥǸȶģŰɡ

һˣͷֺͺˣûʦ˵ô̸£̸ַֺϺϵģ̫˷ѹ򡣡

볿ӣеԱЦˣҲ˵áһȥٶԱһҰ֣ʵڲҲʦˣҳҵô꣬Ҳϰˡ

Ҷѵ˵һػŰοһ£ֶװһԾ磬һúѧϰɣףܿϣһѧУǾ͸ˣ

볿⻰§ųҶļԴĩ˶ڶͷһڡóҶû㣡ȸ翼ˣһúһ٣ʱٸҸƯСһѧϰ͸ҺƵġ

볿ûˣϽߣһߺһѳҶſڹ̨ϼ⡣飬һ˲֪

볿ɤһųҶͷϰ⣬ǺڵĸƵһʱ֪ǵ˼ˡƢøĸİ㿴ѳҶŵá⽫ȳҶ̸Ůˡ

ɫԽԽ볿Ҳе˵ȥˣֹ˼䣬Ծˡ

볿Ļ˵¡ԳҶСչˣһĿС߳µȦܴһ֣³ҶˣƼһȥ

һ뵽ĳҶҽŮˡ仰͸ĲǰҶǵܵ¶ҲԼһΣĲʵ

Ҷ¥ɡѵŷʵû⡣첻ˡ

Ҷͣд֣Щ󣬡ǣڲ硭

ȥߵʱƼҶûֱӰСƨɱһ·¥˷䣬ѳҶڴһᣬȷ˻

¥ĴҲסսҶûļͱѹסʼ·տʼ磬ǹŵҲҺˣǰһԼ˸ɾ··Ҫˡ

ȥţֲͷһͷռԼĵ̡ЩģųҶųҶԼϲӣ˵Լջ۵ϲСȫ

ָҶСѹͷҲһȥĦĸоóҶһ£ϸС

˸飬ŰѹСԼһůһСĺ

Ҷһֱû㡣ϲŮ𣿡ϱ߸ڳҶǰȶֱķأŮ𣿡

Сҡͷһϲֱѡ

ҡֻ֪ô׽ͻȻ𣬳ҶһʱҲ֪ôشˡ

ĬһᣬſڳҶϣ̾˿Ҳǣ㻹С̫ļˡ

§˸óҶſϣ˵ϲ硯

Ҷ۾ͷЩԼĶůů˺ܰġ˳Ļϲ硣

ţٶ˵ɣ

ϲ磬ϲ磬ϲ

Ҷ˵ŸƽʱһĻֻٴδ˵ĬĬʲô˵ĳָѾˮɡ

˵ͼסˡĶͷʹ˲䣬˵˰ϲҵġ
 


42λ
 
ѧϰ¶Ǻģǰչ˵ĲϳҶÿ춼СӹüֳʵڼһΣ˹ǸæŸְ

𣬾úѧϰҪѧҵ㻹С׬ǮȼҲ˵ˣҲȱ⼸ǮðĻúö飬ѧ

ĻǺܸȤ裬鲻ΪԺõϣѧҲΪ˳Էǡ߶Լϲ¶ô

Ҳֶ֪ܰˣѾϲˡֳе٣λǰߣһеĽѧȥˣĳɼѾŵƫ£źΣաûܿѧһֱԼϴѧ˵Щż

ҲôˣôСʱһûĹǰ׬ǮĸҪ㲻㿴֣ѵԺһڹشһ𣿣ûеϢ㣡

һµȹļͷƤЬϵҲǸջ˱ʯ׹ȹָšɫĿţҪЦЦҾҰ־ͦãչ˺üˣܳԱů

СתԴ˳ͨ˵ԽԽ׼ˣҲͦúֱ֣־óôһǮ֣㿴⻹ѧ𡭡

裬㻹ǲǵǰ˵ģڹ̨ߣĻ˵ǽһͺˣ쿴飬Ϳԡ

ִĻЩҵ죬Ƕʲôʱ˵ˣֱ˵Ƶģ˵Ĩǣģһˣ

첻˵ˣԼµ˵һᵽˣֻҪôѧ͹һ׷Ȼǰ³ĸЩİѾǵǰӵʱСôˣҲǵԶ߶Ǽҿ꣬ܶ࿴飬Ҳ⹫ˡ

ǰ֬δʩϣѾʼ軭ϸױݣʱڱ䣬Ҳڱ䡣

ٻӦĻ߶ˣ˾ߣҲֻڵǰͣ˵˾ߡ

ҶųԶˣŴӶ¥¥̽ͷ磬ǰ̣

СüЦˣǰôò񣿡

ҶЬ¥Ь̫󣬷žવ죬ûϸ̿źǰ̫һˡ

ڹ̨ߣɴҲѳҶϥϣ˫Ȧסʣôһ

Ҳ˵ãһ·˶ˡǰһҶȥԴһ¡磬ˣ·Ҫˡ

ϢգԼѧУ·ϴˣϴŵĻġô£ɿĿҪӼϻ

һڣŰ·ᣬȥɣϴοĲǽˡ

ˣֲ㣬ҳԵҲࡣҶߵĳסܵģܾԼö룬Ҫȥ⣬ˮƬ԰ɣ

ӦˣСʱ㱻̿סڳ㻹ӰҪǳҶϲԣѹͲ㡣

ǳҶģȥʱеˣûʵ⣬˵ţ⣬гƬˮţ⡣ֳһ˿һһأųˣҲζɿڡ

ǵˮţˣͷֱðСķǰϸڣСĴţе˼ߵľߴһ¥ߣڴ̨ϺôһƬҶīչ

쵽ˡ˵˾䡣

ҶҲûʰСͷһŴľɫ˳˾䣬찡ǾͿˡ

ϵһ£ЦˣôȥˡСϴ˵ѧڿһȥɣ

ţʱͷˣ粻ôԶȥңһҶϰԵͷۣǱʶĻȥ༸¡ǰʱ˵λ˵ɳȿϺóԡ

ҲˣͰ⻰סˣ

Ҷ˵ͷǰ

Ӿ£۾ﶼЦϵʱ򣬳Ҷڼϰȥ߽תȦ˸ϻõпȻɳȿģǹʣˮҲͦ

Ҷٻؼңųȥ˼Ժżũ̫̫ǼλͦϤ˵ҲóҶ˺áҶøɾƯʮʱ򣬺Щ̫̫ǻġ

ҶƼҵİ裬Ҳ֪Ǹɲҵ̫̫ŵǸһװαͷֶҶųûֻ˵Ƶģһʵʵš

ɳλŵ̫̫ͦһͷһ˿ң£ĺúõġͦϲҶһᣬ̲ס߶˵СˣŮҲ裬һͳԴۡǺøҶһǶĺúӡ

⼸Ҳͣæü䣬ĶĻҵĻСʮģǰͣõźءҶ⺢Ӿ̫ʵ˼۸ˣҲ

Ǹ̫̫˳̵֣Ļİɣ¶ءĲ˵ǼϽã˻ǿԵġ

⻰ŷˣһл⼸λЩʱ򣬲Żؼȥ

ҶһҲû˵ʲô̵ʱ˰ӹ﷭һСӣͷд˵ķתáũķСȨתûô˵ˣȥ˵£¼Ҳˡ

Ҷ󲮹ǲܰѷӻˣҲϼҴڵġҲװסϷӵķѾӡӴػдǸҶġ

̾˿οҶȥЩˣӦˣҪ㵱ˣⷿߣȫḬ̇׷㣬ӾˣҲŲʱ򡣲ػڣǮʱ¸ǸȢϱ

ҶȦˣų̵˵ЦˣҲ֪ܲܵȵ㳤󡭡

˵꣡Ҷˣų̲֡ǳ̴ģ˵Щʵܡңҡ

Сʱֻаô󣬶˾ͻСĿޣ˵ӴԴҶӳˣѾˡ񶼳ôˣǺǣƼǸˡǲ˰ƼЦˣ
 


43Ǻ30
 
Ҷ˵ЩЩʱڼųһȥʡÿһ绰ʳҶ

ڻˣҶһϣͬһģһߴ˧Сӡ˽ܣСĵʦθѧյġ

ܳòһȥͦˣҲֻһƹȥӴˣ֪λʦһҲǸġ

Ҷʦܣһʦ壬ͬšԼǲ̫ĸҶܵʱŲôˡʦиģѧһա

ܵͦ飬Ӱó׼õʳɹҶԣЦĸʺãСʦܺðϻҴ绰ʦʱ򣬾ӵİɣǺǣǵҲ

ҶˣĲڵʱǽӹ˵ĵ绰æҲʺһʦá

Զͽܲ׼ĻΧǰǸԺӣԺ˽סĵط˳Ҷһ㲻˽ȥ

Ҳ֪ʦĵĹŹƢԼ£Ѿˡʱ˵챻߳ŵĴ㡣ĿĺȷҪһʦѧյģ֮ǰԼʦûѧ֮ǰҪŲߡĶٰѣҲȨĥСʦܳҶǸƢģͦأһһʦĺ

ʦ֮ʵߣû͸ͷǴһƬȴǡĸũϴүһӡšһĻͦʵĳ㣬Ҫٰѿһأֱӳȥ·߶ˡ

СǻԵˣʱʱ޲ָ׹ģŻ˵˵Ҳ޲շѺܵͣĶˣ̵ҶᱻϣɴŪ˸С̨ӣר޲Ļ

ǸƢˣ˭ЦӭСЩʯ⣬ҲӲӷһĻشǵ⣬ʵ˽ЦŲ˵ˡ

ȥС;˵һڼ绰ҲᡣĶˣСϰҲʶˣ˵绰һ䣬СǸŮѴİɣ

ЦŵͷϱγĴæҲûܸⲻϽ

СϰЩȣնʮɣôͽ

ҼҶ磬ȥͽˣҲ֪绰ͷ˵ʲôʦ绹ڸղŵҸЦüۡͳǮ˳ѳȱĶˣϰ壬һƿϳ´ףһΡ

ϰǮЩп첻Сﶼܵ¶û뵽˼Ѿŵ绰ǹȺҲȷʵеģϷɵЦ;ۡ

ϢСȥСﶼȥ޲ˡҲд󵨵Ĺﲻģȥ˳ҶӳҶõ֤ʵеϧ̾˿úÿƢãòƢõģжˡ

ҶæԼĻ⻰ȰοǰҲвСǻƢˡεĴʦ翴ԸºͣǷĵˮ©˼Ҵء

Ҳеܣ治óҶó֧ϵȣСӸˡߣʦҲ۲׹ߣӴɵȥһ룬ҿҶСĵãһʦƼ׵ģһ׼ã

⻰˵Ĳ٣һԭΪգһΪȡʦ˵ǧıⶫֵܲʲôʦ൱ڵڶ˫֡

ִͨ񹤾߹ȻãǴֹĶܸԭ֭ԭζϱ񹤾õסľƷָҶ׽Сʵʮ֧ȣʦϹСʱҶ»ڽ̳ҶʦֵĹϹ

ʦ۰Ͱ͵ĸһǶ˲ǵˮģһһʦĺеⲻȥԸƷбǲ׵ʦǿ㣬ҲԹۡϾ˵Ҫܲ˽Ҳǻ¡

ʦ翴˼죬ע󲿷óҶȶȥ磬ȳҶѧĶ࣬Ǵӻʼ̵һֻž͹áǳҶ۲ѣü̲סֹȥ

Ŀȥˣһܰξͳȥɡ

ʦƤʵǲߣʦ壬û˸ˮһɡֻûôϷĦ£۾סǱ

ԼСͽܣҶ˴һסˣǾͺúϹʲôģʦҲһװȥԼȥ

ʦ۾ﶼỨʦҲ֪ǶǸģٵܸıȰܲܡһأҲǸİģԼʦ߶סʵѵüˣһèץһܡ

ˣߣ㿴ͲˣҪֶȥȥҪʱⶼ͵ʦ

ʦץſ򲻿ϳȥôߵĸǸƳ˼ֿζʦ壡ʦ壬һʦŰ

⻰һᣬĵʦܵ¶ǻûٸʦֱڹһĸŭˣһʦ㵽ˣȥʦѧȥ

ҶһƼĶŭܸϳȥСѯ˾䣬ʦ񡭡е㲻ϲʦ磿

ӣõۣʲôе㲻ϲرϲǸʦ·ߣаʵڿɶ񣡡

Ҷķһɧ¹֥ľ¶Ż˼ƺʦ˼С⣬ĵ˳ȥƫǶֳʵѿ

Ҷͨ죬ҲûϸʲôȵƼʦľŽˡ

ܵʦǸţ̸ֵܵȻҲʦͽĿе˵̫ڣǴɫ

˵ֱ׵㣬.

ʦֵ.ܵʦ洫ɫ.ְѼ

ƢŹ֣ΪֱʦԼĴ.ְѼĵǮˮͷ£ĲǺʮҲѡ
 
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44 
 
ҶĵϤָ½ܿ죬ϸģֿ̤ʵȥɣ˹йоأûʲôȱ㡣ʵˣҲſֽţóҶԼȥŵ

ûһģһϣȻҲûһģһѾڷǰϣԼ˿һ·ӣﳤ̣ܶԼɫ

˳Ҷŵӣסʵǿ⺢ӵĳԿ͡˳Ҷ֮꣬󣬵Ƴ⺢ӹһּ֡ⷴӦϴһرζַЩɬҲڲסִֹķ顣ҶϹĵʡ

ĻϲҶ𾴣ϵʦһϸ۲죬С̽ѧϰġΪҶСģİѡʵ׼Ҳˡ

ҶѧĶǴͳֹĥҲǷǣáĲҪٶȣŪһǳе¶ǽϸһ֮һн

һ㣬ʦġһ˵ϴĥ̫죬һ¡ԵģĥԽãԽܸĶ䡣ϸ΢仯űĲͬʱ޸ƣһ

ʱڵʯγֲʯϴһ˵飿

ҶѧϰʱרģʲôҲ⣬ǸԶһҲ̧ͷȥҡ

ٸȥأһߴ£ֱ쿪ѧˣŻ߷ֳҳҶƿԺžƼҶ̧ͷԼЦ¶һС

磡ҶһϣܹȥᶫҸղŻ˵ˣ

仹ͦ飬߸˴кš֮ǰ˲٣Ÿ˧ˣڳҶԴ˼ҲЦˡ

¶ƼԺʯŵܣһװ˵ĸӣߵˣǸͷҲۿ׷ȥСվǣԵóҶС㡣ҲãʦɣҶ˵㣬Щлչˡ

ʦæûûУ⻹˳Ҷչأһ͵û鷳Ǻǡ

˵СԴ˾䣬ԼûкúóԷǰˣǻȥɵϳƣۼΪʵ

Ҷ飬۾ģڰڸǰҲվȥ

ʦ̬ǣǳҶ⻰ԵĶˣһġųȥ̵ɣԺøġ

Ҳܻ䣬ųҶСʯ£ӶͳһǰҶϴ㲻˵óֳ˼ܱ

ҶӹĹĵģֽӡŵĴһôడ̫ȣǻữˡ

һǸ߶Ĺĵ£Ǿ͸ʦ㣬һʱƼҲģ򡣡

ţȰЩҶѸµķִװãȥڴϡں߸ţƿȥҶأ

ȥˣùŻҶǰںãֵ˱𡣡˰ɣȺȵˮ

ӹˮ־ͷϣ۾һֱųҶƣҴԶĸϻ͸ȣ

ǣȥиϣ˺üƤϣˮͦġ

żԹϡֳסӣѳҶм䣬һ£ôҲͷɣ

ҶûӦͱ˿ͣ̽ͷȥͷڳҶ޼ɵƷţ˱ţҲȾǵ̫ͻȻҶԴסӲֻſһ顣ŶߵЩվȽţʵڴʱ򣬲ץ·Сһ

һڣˣ⻹粻ţ֮ղסˡųҶ˼£е̲סˣҶ˯ݣû

ҶҲӲĶԼҲеŵˣûûУʦˣǷסˡ

ͷһѳҶﱧ˱µʵ飬綼ĴպϢȹȥһ£еﲻסˡô˵ţȴѾʼֶš



45ͷһأϣ
 
Ҷ˯ķСǴӲֿһأӣŴǡɵĵ۵һ¾֨죬û취ʩչֻųҶӺһᡣ̫ĶӺ׸С죬ҶѾʼȫӲˡ

׵úСϰһڣ˵ЩĻͰѳҶ˵Ŀʼ㣬磬Уʦûˡдʦ磬һҲҪˡ

𰴲סҲ֪ҶƤֻܷԭ뷨οúãԼ˰ɣÿš

Ҷ⿪ĽûȿŤͷŴͷȥһۡ

ЦһȥҧŶϷŪϻ㲻ǻŪˣţô֪˼ˡ

Ҷ䶼ˣǰôϷŪԴСǴԺܱô۸ҶŶߵĵЦʱʱԼġԴƢٺõҲЩˣ磬ôԡ

ü˳ĻӦһţǲԡδ䣬ץҶַԼǶϱߣóҶһꡣȵ¶ȴָһ·ӣֱյĳҶ͸˦ˣȴøˡ

Ͷˡ

˫Сţ΢ĴԼγĶԱȣȻûʲôɿԣ΢΢ɬʪ۾ŴСģ޲һڰ¶ȥκƼ

ųҶ֣˵¶ͦţ۾ųҶһգգȥôЩ죬û

ҶҵͷҲģ۾ŵ㱻۸˵ʵػ˻ÿ춼롣

ȵԼĻ̲ס¶Цչȥ˳Ҷһڡһ֫嶯ܲǣǲůůû.ζҶԻˣ̧ͷͬ˰ĵǡ

ཻϵĶҲĲ࣬ĶӿˣֿҪؿƲסĸ飬ȫԼժµУһ΢΢ɬĽš

˰죬ֱڳҶｻͶŷҶմճҺ壬£кۼ

ҶסֳҪȥȥϴϴ֡

꣬ڳҶСϻζϣһֱųҶȥ֮󣬲ű۾Ъһᡣִȥģһ·Ϊ˾ϻү˾ֻſȷʵˡ

Ҷϴ֣ľͻˣƼԺһʦأ

Ҷղ£е飬ֱȥػʦȥˣ˵һͻ

ĺһʲộһ׼ȥ绰ȥˣڵСᣬһĶšҶԺŮ֪ϲĴʦһƣӣ˹ȥ˶֪أ

Ҷ֪ĶԼãЦŵͷӦһʦҲҡһö飬˰񡣡

ˣ֮ǰҶֹҶûϴѧͻһ񣬺ôܻ뷹ԡҶĸʵʣ˵ʦѧѵģȥʦѧϣרĻ

ҶϴɾˣܾûĸоŤҲ˼˫ȥϣŪ񡣳Ҷ°ͳСʯϵϣͷһûȥ̡

ǸĥСԴ߰šͷ֮ǰ˵㣬Ҳѿ˵ϷŪˣʵûΪƼɸƽʱһŵģǣڻζϣղϣ۾

Ҷʹ¶Щ졣

ĳˮʱ򣬾ƼԼСͽ̫ܲԾ˼ŰˣҶҶôô찡ǲˣϰˣϽؼȥЪ죡

Ҷôһʣ϶ʱˣʼðʦҡҡ

ʲôȥϢҸƼ˯أջİɣý˺ؼȥԼͽܣҶԵȼ̫ȣһҲסҲûڼϰɣͷʦȥƣǿԵġ

ҶҲȷʵ̲ȥˣĵǸȥһؼҡ

˯㣬ҶԺʶҪסһţһϣ

СӣҶ˻۸ȥЪɾȥҽƣƽҲƹڳҶϣǸã棬û롣

һˣȥ³ҶţȻһϸ˰ɣߣҴȥơ

ǵſڣûü䣬ƼԼСͽܱ˳һ̿ˡ

һ·ǰҶĲǲͷ¡ˮԼȺȵ㣿

Ҷҡͷ˵ãҧͰ˵˾䣬ûһؼҰɡ

ôˣˣԼһĻҶ˵ػǾʦˣҶ˵

Ҷͷ䶼˺졣ӣȻ뵽ʲô̽ȥҶ±һѣȻѾ΢΢͵Ӳˡ

Ҷ۾ˮ磬Ҳô죿û˯ҲûΡô

ѳͣ·ߣչȥղţʲôˣ

Ҷ̧ͷҧû

һЦһСѣˣ

ҶһӣſӵŪͻİо̼ȫ

ִ˷̣ѳӵͷԼȥ߰ɣȻǵ¶Ұ

ؼҡ

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Ҷ磬Լҡ
ѹסû£ȥҼһԡ



46ͷһأ£
 
ҲǸСӣԼëճ룬ͼŽ̳ҶַЩ䡣

ǴŽֳ˷ΪʱҶŴɨΣﵹҲɾ룬ֱӴųҶȥ˶¥Ƿ䡣

Ҷվſڻԥ뵹˳ȥͱӺ߱סһ´ӺסˡųҶȥôˣ·ϲ˵𣿿ȥ

ңȥԼСҶǵýʵţϻҪȼ֣ϵֱӴŪ΢΢Щۡ

ǿɲС𳯳Ҷѹȥֹڳһֻ⿪Ҳģÿ㡣

Ҷڿ£±ʹ࣬ͨ죬ȥȴʹ£۵ðӴһֱ֣һѣҶᶼˣŰڰ뵲ǣȥƿˡ

ֻϷŪһᣬͷſˣָѾ΢΢СϻҧųҶĶͬ˵ղŲ˵ԼԼŪҿɡ

ҶǼЩðҲ֪ǽŵĻġվǣһ۰ڴϵֵͷֶ»ǲ˼ȥŪ

ҲŽˣССĻ˼£Ҷһ

Ҿ˵ÿɣָ£¡ֽȥ˿һԴҶߣѡҶڰŪڻûԼʼɡ

Ҷͨ죬Ǻðֽȥһ£廰

УҲʹ찡ѿ˰ɡ۾˳ҶЦЩϽİҿɾͽһ飬ѧ͵ͦŻؼȥ

Ҷ˿ţ˷ģܳȥҲеˡҲ͸ǵС˼ŻСԴʲôأƨ˰

Ҷҧҧȥ¿㶼ˣǣʼԼԼǰŪʱǸåѹ˵ģҶʶΪ¶öѸɾųɡ

ŵСӣ΢΢ŵֱۣ۾ƲУֻҶԼַĻˮСԼǺܽţЩ̫Ȼˣ϶ڴϢ巢ȡ

ȥӺ߰ѳҶȦԼųҶǶ滺.ʵķۺɫۣҲССһŪ¾óҶʳʹһ㣬СͻŤӶ£ûӣֱץԼ첲Ĵš

Լǿ˻СֻҪ΢任˾ͻӦһĹ۰е̲סˣųҶ±ǶŪţִչȥͬǡ

ҶֱƵˮ߶µģչ΢΢ͷǸǡأ硭š

¼ӿ˼ٶȣҶֱ̱壬Ϊסֻͣ΢ĴϢ

Ť˻𣬸ɴСڻ˸ʹ졣׵Ŀ죬ϵĶҲ죬ֱڶ˻Ȧת̼ͣ׵ˣϵĶҲŻ˹ĥС

Ҷ۾ʪˣСĺ磬һμʱèһ

ͷʼźҲͷһΰ¶ô֮ǰԼŪʱе㾭飬ֿЩ¼ָɡҶץ·ԽԽ̣磬̫ˡ

ͣ.ŪĶųҶǶֻôĴָڶС꣬

Ҷſ죬˵ʲôȴͻȻӿĶŪáһȻҲ벻Ҫ˵ʲôˡ

ųҶСҧ䣬ٴ򿪵㡭ҲȥԼҿ

Ҫ磬ҲҪҶƤͱˣԼֺһӴͿʼȻСҲ֪ʵǼΪ£ֱİסˣЩ˱ӡûҪ

Ǽһڣһ𶯣ûʲôúģҶϲ㡣

Ҷһഺͻֱǿȵϲǰ£ú߳ܣͷûֵ̧ʱ򣬳ҶѾ޵һֻèˡ

§˰죬һΰСŪ̫ˣֻʵʵİߣˣˣҲˡţֻºòã㿴ˣƽʱŪʱһ

ζ࣬죬ָιˣС΢΢һֱ

ϲֱȫĸоҶʱԼҪˬ졣һִڵã¶ֻӳҶʱʱ͵׸С죬ƽʱҪ㡣

ҶͷһأŪһ˳մһ֡ҶЪһŻղȻϸ߷ĸоʵ̫ãʲôҲָЩ顣

Լ⿪ͳһڳҶ۾һգգϢ˾ͿʼɡҿɲôСҪҪ궼㡣

ҶŵĴһѾӲˣ̵ϸߣҪƤϡҶַȥղסѾ˵͸Һ壬˳Ƕ䵽Ҷָϡ

߻Цһߴһ˵ⶫģá

ҶıӲ˰죬һֻ֣

˿ţֻӶϾͱȴǰҪ׽ࡣҶѧϰ鱾ģ֪ʶǻԵһν̵Ϊ֮ǰ¶Ҳ;ûʲôԣԼŪŻҪûôΪ顣

ʱͬһչˡҶԼ𱧵ЩˣͲȥһɿЩҶ֪ȻżףҲû˭

лҪ˵
Ҷ磬
𣺿ȣ̫ԣһҿе˼ˣ



47ķʽ 
 
ϴһҹֶҪѧģʱˣ͵һó˫ݶѧѡϴϱ߶˼죬ڶ˼ʼÿ¸ҶǵáǼͶ٣˵϶ʼЩǮҲЩˣòʡŻ

ÿµǳҶȥ죬Ŵ˵ЩӹʮǮ

ҶҲ֪ҹʾֻٿǮùǵѧѡסʵòࡣǶϴѧˣŸѧѰϴЩΪѣ̣ǰѻһ˵˳ʵڲУСдţɡǼֻһ˸ɻĸҲû廹ãҲҪá

ҶͰ͵Ǯۺãսڴлл󲮣֪ѴС԰ĲأǾЩͣ㹻ˡ

ϴһĺӰοʵζҲǹˣȣ˭ҲԼҿŷȥܱ˰̾˿ĳҶļ򣬡úӣһ붮Ҿ֪ˡ

룬˽飬ҶҪȥְ߰ɣϼҵĺӴǱҵֽҩҲ١Ǵ˽ģǽ̤ʵظɻиĺð

ҶĬһᣬ󲮣һȥһú롣

ϴӦһųҶˣ̾˿ϴϱˣƿɴźҲ¸˵Щˣѽ˵˼һǺĵ¿ηΣģ顭˭Ƕϵģϰװ׻ǮǾͲˣ㻹ȥŲɣòСˣϵֿʼҩһϰٿǮ

ϴԼﻹǺάģϱûһ˵˵Щʲô˼ȥĸЦ㣡

ϴϱѵסˣĿѾɣÿٸ˳ǼʮǮҲͱ첻˵ˡ

岻ãҶģ֪ųȥ͵ĸĹǮڼĸĹǮ࣬ǰģлʱһʮǮһƽõʮǮʡŻҲáЩǮһ𣬶ɳҶܵġ

ѼǮóҶܣ˵Լʹ˼ǲ壬дǸӺͷҲһ˳ҶٻóҶЩ

ҶҽĻó̳ںҩҲŪЩõĸԡܲãǿԣҩһζɡͦ󣬶һҩƵģССһֽ

Ҷ֪ǲӼµĿǺ󣬳֪˶࣬ϳȥСֵͲһЩӼ

ԳҶץЩ޳ɣסֳԱߣȫũĲҲûĶడⶫֻץҪŪ㣬ȻҪæͦҶҲ˳˯ˡһӼӪֵߣҶŶЩźá

Ҳ£ԸҲãҶҲԵ㣬ȥŪֵͲ·յһſŵĲӼ֦ӽϴ

ţҲһԡҶЩС浹ǲ£ס˾ϴװӼһ㶼ߣ׾ҵǴִЩһյüⶫյҲ־ץ

Ҷһץϴ˳񵽲ٲɣҶ˼ˣæռãʡ²ҩǮء

һŪ˼죬ЩԲϵӶ࣬ҧø첲϶ǰϻȥʱͿ˻¶ˮܣ﷭ȥʵ˯ţɴ࿪˵ƽгҶæҶٸˡ

Ҷ첲ϴһеˣŹˣæȥͷ˻¶ˮͿĨ磬ȥҽƣǱҧġ

Сְţǵֹ˺ߺ˾䣬ʲôӰҧһˣҶͿ¶ˮˣʹ¡

ԽԽҶЩģ»¶ˮóСе΢һ㡣̫Ĩϲ˯ţûĨһ̼ҹȥϴˡ

΢˵㣬ڳҶһ飬װ۵ģһҲҺ㲻ӣȻƤҧ϶

Ҷ߹Ƕ£Цƿ𣬡˯ɣ㲻Ҫ־

ЦϵĳչȥСӡҧ˼ڣһζˬˣҲû㴩㳤䣬ôûӶ

ǰҲҶ룬ǰСק𿴡Ҳò׼ǲСãȷǸеϵ֮󣬾ҧˡ

˳ųҶȥС㱻ҶøЩûЩҫۣյþˣҲ˿˿ġĵʱƺ˵ʦģҲǼϡСҶСػȥţþͺúţˡ

³ҶϣԴӴ֮ƺҶҲˡÿܲڵС廹еˡѳҶڻȻɸпС治ס

Ҷץĸ첲˲䣬ֻС˯ˡ

Ҫǰ¶һǰ︸ĸ⣬һЩҩ̴ȥ

һγܣγܵԭμͬѧۻᣬûȥ˾˵һνͬѧھԼϱðɵȥ˼ҡ

ǶԼĲΣִͬһܣͬѧЩʲôֵ˼ҵλȥڼҴһŪ˾֪Լ޹⣬ȥҲ˱Ÿʵ

ģ»֡һֱ۰ԼƭģϳϵԼҴˣ޸һʮδҵͬˡԽĻũԼ̸ɷ򣬴׵ݣʵԼϣѧĶӡĵĿƣЩǲġ

ҧʮ꣬ͬѧۻĳѵʱһ䡰ڹĺ۰ɡĹʣγƭԼԼģǵ˰

ͬѧۻûٸϵмͥˣҪԼļͥ𡣿ֵıŭͲ׵ָٴκģȷʵһԼˣȥš
ͷһ˵֡

õĻӦֱŭµһǶ⣡ǸûĻĴˣǰʧȥǣȥȥĽͻ֡

ͥıĳҪ顣ʮ꣬ǰС游ˣ룬Լһһεഺ˷ǰװιǣ

ʱڿɳᣬϻ߸ߵţѪϣźǿɲ

ڵ绰ֻ˵ֳˣû뵽ôأæȥϸ¡ϾĸģԼ۵裬ô£Ұִģ£˵

Դ˵ͱֹڼһҲţǱһĸˡҸ˵߰ɡ

ȥģȥǸ𣡣Ҳ׼׼죬ⱲӶ뿪ͷŭĹţ۾ɵͨ죬˹

ˣʵ޷ɷûԲͥ飬ΪλҪܵԴ

§ļο˼䣬̧ͷԼְȰ˵żﲻЩˡ֣費Ǹ˼ܲ侲һֱɣϵҲģˣ

Ҳһݣһĺ磬ݵѣżҹûЪˡ⻰ֿԼС壬ֻ죬ͱԼĥʹ࣬ȴǸʹκˣ޷ŸԼñӣűҲУ

ֽᣬȰٿˣԼְȰ˵ϵ˵øϽȥҽԺɣҴȳȥ

Уܳȥַ˾ëҧ׼˲˳ȥ

ҲˣҲɣٲҽƵëⷿӲ˶ԣôܶ趯ְȭͷĶԵ

Լɢͷ׵ϵģƺЩˣҴȥҽԺȥɸտͱȳһ䣬ȶ

ֲҹȥˣŵģĳЩ¶ϣȷЩٹ̵Ķ޷޳Ϊʵ̫Լţԣڶһٴ

ЭˣĻǳȥˣЩ

СſȥԼŮ˲ǿ΢΢ŶﲻζҲֻܸĻסûˣ裬ҴȥҽԺ

ҽԺҽǸͷƼǷ߷ߣһǷҪҽԺ֤ݱ˴ģ԰ɣҶƼ3ˣڵĴ治Ƕţ

ˣҵĵ¶͹ҵˣͷŲͣͳˣʲô

ͷһۣûٿ

ҲܸӣԼɷ򣬱ϾôĸˡǶûһ˹ԼϣúܺġϵˣѾԹɼͥԼĶȴֹ;Լɷ֤ҲûгԼܵί

ҽԺϳһ仰ǿ뿪߰ɣүס졣

ϵɴֿ۾ʵ޷ܾԼĸ׵󡣡ãȥ

裬ҰǴˣǸˣǧ棡ȥˡ

裬ǵСʱ¶ñӳңҧӲǲϴɵڶ͸ͺˣĸӣһˣѪŶϲšε£ӦõģҲҰһӡֻҪŸص¶侲

裬ϻ𣿼ǵòҩҩҲ˳ԣиղҽȥҽʱҲǵȥ

裬ȥܸҴ绰ҵŵʱȥؼҡ

衭

ڶУһ䣬вᣬҲ˸ʱ

Զ·;ҲҪյ㣬ȳͣԼӣҪúö飬гϢˡҲˣһҪչ˺Լˡ

˵Ӱ߽Ͳ¥ƾɵʵ¥ûʧʲôһ£۵ġ۾׵ܣӿҺ忪ۿſڷϰû̧ͷ
 


48 
 
ƺѾµŲһˣƼһ˽Ҳû˵ʲôƽտصĺӣѾһݵˣһǷϣʮꡣ

չּ죬ۿȥ˳΢ЩġѧϸˣæʱԸĸΪֻܾȥԼ£ʡġ

ȥʱֱӴӷ깺һͰӼÿҲҪЩĶ࣬˸ۡųҶҪҪѧϰȥץӼ̫࣬һԸˡ

ҶӳϰôһͰһⶼǼҳԵˡ磬ĶŪģҲ̫ˡ

⼸ûϢãЩƣ룬ųҶûҶ˵ʵǳԼ׽ģǳԲ꣬Ҿ͸ҪЩͰĲӼѾˣ»

ҶŶһһͰǷ˳ҼûҲŲ찡

Լһ£⼸æͿˣ¶ˡңֱӰһͰֳǱ߾͵ˣ˹˵ҪȥͰسϡ

磬żҶûߣҲƼɫˣЩҷ࣬æĸϻҲûϢɣȥ˯ɣҰѷȸᵽȥ˯

ȷʵˣһû˯̤ʵųҶ΢˵㡣ͷӦˣҲǿᶫãȥ˯һᡣ

˯ҶȻŵġʪëϯְ˷ȹȥСšֱҪҶҵĵ̫ƾɣôԴһ˩űȹ̵ģĽǶţǲֱˡ

ڴһ࣬ųҶҶĴӿһľ壬˯ĴСϳҶһ㶼˯ģҲ㼷

ҶڼҴŵ·ľ˶һľ͵˴ǣ̿㵹ǳҶԼģס룬ҲͿ̫ȣҶ룬̿㣬ϴȥˡȣֲϷſʱְ·Լء

ְѳҶסˣͷʹ˲䣬Ҷ

ҶӦһҲֱס磬ôˣҸͷɡ

ҡҡͷסСֽһ

ҶЩƣҲٶˣԹԵšӦһ
Ҷ

Ҷ
磬ء

ԼůԺ˯ˣһƣҵ˿ͣϢĵط

Ҷų̳ȥͬϽ˵ɫҲ磬׼Ҳͷĵĸ˯˻СǹˣţҪ˯ĸ

̴߻ʱ򣬿˯㣬§СģСʱһ׽֪С͸Ҷ׽ЩҲסһͬ˯ģû룬ֻĸǰѷŲ˸򣬾ͳȥˡ

˯һþѹʱ˸ʹľһĳҶҲˡ

ҶŻеԺһһ߸˵磬ˣ

´ͷϿСӣˡ

ȥҲ³ԷɣҶ׼´ȥֻ˸ĺСڿ㣬Ϸȥʱ򣬾ͱƨɡ

ҶƨȥЬ̶ԶԶģ϶ˣ磬˵Ժ󲻴ƨɡ

ڴϲţСĽͣЦȥɣҶӶˣųء

Ҷ·ȥŪͰӼһС룬ˣըáְЩƲ״Сڲ﷭ζҲ

Ҷʳʲôɣ֪ӼĺôҲһЩǳ̺һǲӼ״ˣһͲٶˡҶҽ˵һ߰˸źãжըķǶһ㡣

ⶫƺãپը׻Ҷѧ֮󣬸һЩڹͷƿƽʱҲԼųˡ

ıȽϼ򵥣˸ʱ߲ˣһ̰ʳ棬ΪڣӴ˷ƹϺ̶ѿԼҳͣ𣬳رθ

ò񫣬ֵһӵĴ׽ȥ롣

ԵĹ񫣬Ц𰡣ؼûԺ𣿡

ŷֶ£ֽż˲˼ԣ˸ЦأԵͦáǳҶ㣬ⶼϰˣûŻͦġ

ҶЦ۾Ҷǲǰһ˵أĽȥҲпڷ

˵ĻԳҶǺĵģ⻰ҿɲ޳ɣҶãһ׼ܿϴѧ״Ԫɣ

ӴҪܿϴѧһһٺõĸԣǺǣ̱˵ĸ𰡣ڼҳûҼǵ⻹̸ǵġͳҶСʱҪԣôûĺãŷ֣˺ЩأʲôĻ֥

ϣ˳̵ĻЩԲȥˣȥЩöرܡ

ҶƳ¶ƺǺĸйصģԼ˵˼仰ѻˡ

˵Ҫȥһˣ̣ҴҶȥֳǱߣŪĶöȥ

ҲƼһͰˣлԺܴҲǸأ̼ǵģ̶֪ôллˡҶü׸ȥɣϾסǣøϻһһغüˣ̫鷳

ҶӦһĹСӡ·ҲȫòãȵţֱӴȥ߷ֳ
 
лҪ˵
ܺóԣԺҪҳԡ
Ҷá
Ҳ˯ֻǼİɣ
Ҷðɡ



49С 
 
§ųҶ˯ģһ˯úõϢ۾Ƽ˴롣ͷ۵ս۾һᣬȥԱߵĴ̡Ҷ

̵һģ˯ߵˣͷë۵÷šͷһָۣͷ£ûȷյ¥

̽СԴһ¸ۣЦСн𴲣磡̫ƨˣ𴲰ǰ˵ģʱʱҲҷ˵һΡ

ڴϲ۾ҲЦһѡ

ҶϻһۻƵΧȹӡĳ۵̹ԹԵ߹ȥȥϵĴһ

һܻģʹŰأһһľͰѳҶקȥˣѹסС;һڡһ

磬ˡˣҶͣҧס°ͣƲֽΧȹǰš

θе㲻һ׼ССĶ֣û¾ŪóҶС۾ҲʪˣҧС˵

ϲѳҶһţСһԼƼСˮ۾Լ첲γԱȵСϸ첲״һļҪͷСһ顭

Ҷ棬ܣһһȻܵСǶӲĵڴϣе㷺죬ҲĿİͰ͵˵䣬磬ˣȳԷûԱ

ſڳҶͬĸһЩӲͦĶСز£ô֪ûԱ

ΪǰҪ뻹Ҫ࡭ԡҶͰ͵˵ȥˣȦҲˣСģЩ磬죬á

Сҧһڣ̽ͷȥ˱죬׵Сϳ׺֮ɿ꣬Ҳ̽ıȥˣ˳ϸȥǶ¥ǰһƬյأ򿪴Ҳûܿ

Ҷһ£϶˺ǣϲã

Ϊϲˣ§С࣬һſпҧҧ˸ŴĵطƲ棬ֻܸо紵ı֨֨ŵ֪ǸεİȫС

ҶĹȻˣǻĿ˵ԡЩָͷСռġССͷֱŪóҶˮδմʪԼָ

Ҷ·ƿϵŵΧȹҲ֪ʲôʱ򱻽⿪ˣԼϣڲסɿڵС

ʪյָڳҶãУԼ˯Ҷźһᣬ˯.ŪĶЩûӦ̵ֱˮΰһڵغ

åСӼˣץҪó

ͣҶǵСϸûһ־ץСֻ󣬰ͷϹ̶áţͷסƷζСӣ˾䣬С

˵ૣҶߵ㡣ҧء

ҧȥȺڣͷʹСǵߣģŪֱŪӲʺСʯӡˣҲûͣ¶մųҶĿˮŪûﳩ죬ԼǰɰͰ͵ĶųҶִǿˣ

ȵһ꣬Ҷͱ۸ûһ㣬û˹ͷ

ƼСȦˣҲ֪Ǵ̼Ļģ۽ǻһᡣеˣ붼ûȥɣˣŪ˰ޡİǻδɣôһĨҶȥˣЩΣæֻ

ҶҲѹˣƼſھҧסֻ֡ҶҧĽʵַζԣæ޵³

ˣ˻ȣֹЦҶЦһ·쵽ӣ磬㡢㻹Цɵĺ¶

Ҷչȥͣϴһ飬ּԼļǺšҵı
 
лҪ˵
˭ġǡƪ
𣺳Ҷˣ»Ұﰡ
Ҷʲô
ۣŶĻӦûǰš
Ҷå㡢Ĳǰǣأ



50һ 
 
ٿѧҶתѧȥһеĳвһѧУв͸вŲԶÿϰӡĿγЩϰߣҶԼ༶Ľһ߿һߵ

ʦˣ·ƼҶڿ飬ͦϲùѰ༶Կ׸˳Ҷһѣʱ࿴飬øϽȡΪ˰ѧϰίԱˣСóҶԼķͷߣÿǰžĸҶ顣

ҶԴûʲôÿ찲ŵĶͦʵôһУҲֻ´λؼҵøٰҩ̵䣬ڵõʱҽ˵ˣͲҶ⻰ó̽źá

治٣СƽʱҲԼˣк˸ɨİæš˼˶ѧϰϣŻɼˣȥүԸʱеô

еСǵϰ̵Ľ׶Σʦ̸ѧϰĺõӣѳɼһ㡣һһοԣѧߵĺܿ죬ѧӢΣҲˡʦΪ˻ѳɼںڰԱߵİǽϣǰݵĶԱȣŬн

ͷҲ̧ļѧԼģûôйȥ򿼹ȥķ¶ŲܽϻԴԺֳƽٲӻؼң־͵θѪҽԺȥඣ

ڣѧУͷ˰٣ѧǰȥ˳ԸԲԶģѧǼгӣһ㶼ȥˡͳҶҲûȥ𿪳ȥүƷһ̾Ƹһ䡢ߵˮӰװ±ʵݣֻͼϺÿ

ǱһͽڣҲ˼ýˣүٿǮƷǮһȦȥ裬Ǹ䶼ûƼ֣ͱү鷿ȥ˵

ͷжִֶ˵¶ʮֲҪǮͳϣæֹǮŰɣҪãͰ⼸ӶȥǷܰ¡ֵ¶Ҳ˵ˣ˶дֶƢô˵ִҲ̫

ŵǸүҰֵǸǼˣҲ֪˾Դ¹˲ô࣡Ϊġ

үҲɵбۿһۣأôûһ

Ҳ²׼ûлᣬڼҷʡ˵û衣үҼһҾ˵仰

ͷ죬ҡͷܾˣ¶үǰһ⣬ôҲǸˣʡȥɣԼ⡣

˰أү˵İɣ桭鰡

ͷǲˣͦϲģǸТ˳ĺúӣǶŮ¶Ĳˡ

˵˰죬ûܵõ׼Ŷ۳춼ҪˣҲֻȥ

ͷסַԸһ䣬ԺԳǼңǲôһˡ

˵ʲôζүҳȥԼϵǡڳİ칫סˣźЩ첻ϻؼңҲܡо۲ͣϻһȾƳԷֺȸˣƿơһˡƿӷµʱϻһĭ첻˵

ɹгɹʿƨҡǸƨ۾ͨ죬ѾЩʧ̬ˡһүǣһµĹͿ˸ˡΪԼǳɹģŬˣŶˡ

ƨĳɹҪһơƿӣԼԼȥ

ȥס֣Ǽλ岮˵˼䣬ʹȥ˳¥ϵİ칫ҡһҲǾѬ죬ɢŷЩƿӣ׾ơƶУ֪˼ˡ

ȥϢִ򿪴ɢζô·Ĺ⾰ߵƿӣת£͸ľҺ

꣡ߡҲԣҲô㡭߰ڴϺҺţôˣȻޡһӣʲôҪˣġҾҪǵļҡ

Ҳ£Ҫǰ˵ӵˣǼֱЦֵҲܵĺܣ֣ġ

ֱ۾֪ﻹĻˣҹ

ڴ߸˵һı֤ȥž۰ģһ

ڰ˯ˣŵȥˮڵϣͷʪëֵ˱ˮڴͷϣŴųȥ

ȻصСʱ򣬶ѾҹˣûһΨһ·ֻж¥һյ̫ǼůСơ

𼸺һţžͿˣŵѵõĶ˵˼䣬磡ɻˣҵһϣ㿪ȫ

һĳڸס΢ɵҶ㵨Ӵ˰ҲͷľţҪǻ˱ˣһʹţҲһ˰

ҶһѾŷ£ִȥϴֳԷϱ߿ŰͣʱҲŵġ

Цˣ˳Ҷ£𰡣»ؼһ

Ҷգգۣƺľȡ𣬲ϴ֣ȥëһߵŸСͷ˵磬ҸȺ˷ˣϴһԣ߳Է𣿡

ùëɣ⻰֪Ҷ϶ֵûԣ¶̫ˣҲ˵˳ˡûһ԰ɡ

ҶȻ۾Ͷ˹ȥںãóԵ㣬һأ

ҹԶƺ㣬ҶأİһӡϲԳҶĽӣ˻ӶǳҶԼõģ֭ŨζҶСûһͳԱˣһ߸Ϻǡз޳ôһ⣬Сݹȥ

磬ʱĸġ

ŶһСһڳ´룬ʣµƵҶǱȥˣԼҲԡ

ҶæųԱģ°ӹĹĵرгɾ͸Сæһ磬˰ɣ

ţ·϶³ˡû߳ҶЩ¶취ͳɣûҪҲóҶųüġ

ϳ̫ҲãȵɡҶϲϺʵǲ㣬˵ȥ룬һû

Աߵ룬ȰˣŽӹһ롣Ժô¶ʲôҶԡ

Ҳһ¶ӺܶСϿʼϲġϣģҶΪɡǸǲһҶ
 


51ˣϣ
 
ֱԪż٣ĸĹϵҲûɫһ˵˵ģֽύǰ˴󲿷ֵȷǡѡȾƵʱȺϡЦĺȾƣһûһȰ֣˵ĻûȰŵġ

ȥүңδܼԼһ档Ǽ˲䲻ģţֲֻ¶

ͳɼԪǰд׿ԣûү鷳衣

ү£ͷӦˡ

ԱߵСҲƼˣͷĳɼΣǲɫġǼѧϰõĺͦ࣬һԱȾͲȥˡƲƲ죬ɼѧеɡ

үӿһٶ죬𰡣ʱȥʡˣȥޣϰˡȥ˵һžϰԺ󣬿ɱȥλ¶ҲþˣҲǰ취

﷢ƣûһˡһûطȥֿ϶ԼںȾƣȣϻ˶ˡһȦȥ˳Ҷ

Ҷҵʱ򣬳Ҷڸ̰ҩɰõ̫ãͷϸСơҶһ߿飬һչǰС¯ӡյȻ¯ӣÿرССóãҶûгãÿذҩʱǰŪ

ŵĶ˵㣬ҶƼæɫ̫ãûܺͺáҶ֪²ã𼱵˯óԲ㣬Ҳż˰̲סС𣬡ôˣ̻ǲϼ𣿡

ţȥҲ״һҲûšЦ£ҶһСϡҰƢȥһɣÿȥûɫҲ²˵ˣҪȥˣҲȥǼҵˡ

Ҷǰ죬̧ͷο磬һġ

ҶԴţϣðɡ

̵һֱˣܲã³ҶģŲ̹ԪڣȵҶź٣Ҳסˡ

Ҷų̵ʱЦȰ˷ģ̣ҽҪһأɵ׬ǮТġ

̶ԴֻЦЦӦһȴǶԳҶĶҶԺ󳤴ˣһԼչ˺Լ

ҶЦǿʵ̲סˣ˽̻ﲻϳ´Сû˵裬һִģ˸һ˵ЩĻܻѹ

̶Լ˽⣬Դӱǩ֣˵ҶסϷ֮ӹǶͿˡܾǰµëҲӶ֪Լ˶ˡųҶԺҲи֮Ҳ̤ʵЩ

˴ֲڵһûһµĴųҶĺ󱳣˵ӳҶСʱ¶˵ͷһõǮЦú㣬ҲԺǼҳҶţǸгϢĺӣܿԼԷ

Ҷſ˻ﲻ̧ͷ۾ӣҧ촽ϳһſڣҪ޳

紵ôֱ죬ůͣҲָֻǴ治סͷǵȺҶͷһףһ˱ٽҲ޷סĸо

죬̶Լ𴲳һЩѾˡ

Ҷһûţͷһػķա²ڴẓ́˵ǮԸȥҽԺȥԼСͭǮ

ųҶһȦҲۣʦȸϣãЩͭǮûȥɣԺð

Ҷһټ֣ŴƿóһͭǮˣ⺢ǡҶ£չ˺̡ջܼ˿ǲġ

ʦڴ׼ؼңһ߿ˣæͳʣ²ǮһѶ˳Ҷţ˭ûûֵİҶͰķŵҽѧˣһ׼κã

ҶƿʣµͭǮƸʦ磬ûգֻЦ˵˾䣬ԺѴٰҾˡ

ҶǾһȦлллʦллʦ硭ϡĶҲûоǮҪ

ĻӻóҶϽȥǰĺӲѩһĻȥﲻζʦһ߿ţҲᣬ̾һ䣬Сʦˡ

ıһ仰˵ۣûĺһ䣬ʰģϽߣ

ʦӦĵƢҲˣͷӦһ䣬ʦˣһ˻𳵣ʰǵ

ĺһ˦ˣÿ궼ȥһƣȥ

ҽԺסһʱ䣬Ҳû˹ִҪؼȥҽԺסԺЧˡҶûӣͽȥڼչ˳̡

ҶһҲڿˣϴҵıϾǵ˶ϱģŲˣҪڴǰźЩӡ

̲ʱѩһҶιҩûһƴĿȣҩȳˡһ˻óϴȥҽӿȥϴһǳһŵߵȥġ

ҽϵʱ򣬳̴΢ˡϴϱɤӿޣϴȦһƣһ䣬ޣʲôⲻúõô

ͳ̼ҲǺȦ᲻ҵ

ҶҽģֻһС̣֪С¡̣Ҫӭһ֦µģȵͿ˰˵ˣҪһ𿴣Ҫһ֦ƿ￴һ졣

̲֪ûУڵ۾ǻѣΧһȦҲϵó΢ˣ˵ȡûһᣬֻ˯ˡ

ҽҲһޣһ˵ʵܶãһֱۣǾɲʱҲֻܿЩҩȻתҽԺȥ

ϴӦһҽȥˡϴϱһᣬʵˣһ˫ŮҲȥˡ

Ҷڴų̣᲻ɿۼˣſڴ˯ˡ˴ƬӭƲӲӵۡûҶ֦Ľƻ䣬һһءԼԺͳһţ̻ǰһıůů˰ġ

Ƽ˵ȴôҲ壬ģģǰһȴץ˼ҡѣߴ̶Ŀ޺

ҵﰡô˵߾ˣƲһӿôѽ

ҶһԣЩû׹ֱϱ鲼Т£һץذѣŴ˹ȥ̣ߡ̱߰

Ŀһһͳ̼Ҳš̡ʹ

̵ĺ£ٴ졣

ũ˶ԳϴһҶвǶ˵ĺ¾ľķϣҲٶ˵ʲôˡԵʶ˶˷ӣ½½ˮϯ

Ҷ޵˻ˣֻڳ̵ԣҲˡ

˵̵¸ϻȥʱ򣬳ҶТ¹䣬Ȧͱӷ죬ûһ˿Ѫɫ

ǰᣴӣĳ֣ҲڲסıʹǿʮǰĳҶǸʱ򣬳ҶһݶûСôСһţ̹˺ްڻ˵С߶źĪޡ

СˣȴûųҶʧﱻܣȥ§˵ЩοĻҶָͷץӣ磬ˡ

֪Բˡ۾һᣬЩҲ˲ñƼˣѳҶﱧЩ˼Ҷ˵ƱҶܿ࣬ȥǱ߾Ͳˡ

ͷµûţۿûסҲˡû뵽ĺˣôһ죬˵ûûˡųҶ϶żۣҶҲãʵ޷Ҷһӡ

ԼǺĸһ㾫Ҷһᣬȥˡֱȥҽҽ¡ϣҶЩգĺһЩ˵֡

Ҷǳ̣Сùӯ֣δİְҲ˳

һųҶ֣۳Ҷ˭Ӧһ

ҽҽǸŮҽ˵˳Ҷ¶񿴼ǸźȦͳҶӣ˹óҶҩúϢ

һߣųҶ۽ǻδɵᣬˣ̲ס˳Ҷһ£ůһ·׵촽ˣûˣҲûˡҶ°㡣
 


52ˣУ
 
˳Ҷ죬ҶѾȻ˻񣬵Ǳǰöˡ̵ķũߣͬȥ˵ĳүүģˢ˵Ĺ϶һ֣һˡ

ųҶȥˣҶǸֽǮĬĬҲ֪ʲôΣ˵һ仰̣ԺţġĹ˸ͷ̧۾ɬܡҲ

һԣս˳Ҷ֣ҲĹ˸ͷû˵ǰᶨˣˣһ̵ķݶһϣӱĶԳҶáչ˳Ҷһӵġ

Сùӯ֪Ϣʡҹ䣬úʵһǻûﻺ裬ŮˡˣǼ˸С椣ôôȲһء

Сùÿ޵ģһԵĹøӣæǰ

ӯ˳Ҷ֪Ѿ緢˵籨Ҫȼͬžۡϴϱ˽ģС飬Ｗ˵̷ɥʱӯûǮ￪¡

˲˶٣˶٣ƽ̯ˡӯ˵ĵģ仰Ͷס˳ϴϱ졣ɩģöǶ٣һֶġ

ģϴϱˣǰµĺԵβûǻ˵Ǯ

ӯͬ˵⼸סڳ̵ϷҲȥϴǱߡ˵£СԸȥһˣСɫңҵ󣬸ŴҴˡΪӯ⣬ҲЩ

ӯĴæ䣬ʵڲҴϸճĺӣֻ˼ƬҶƬϵĺӱ۾˯ֺֽţС۰ҶպƬöһѪСãҲů

ˣӯĵľǳҶųϴϱ˼óҶѧְߣҵϽϷݶҲһֳ·ѡˣһӾֻܴũˡӯãųҶ̸ͬҶԺʲô㣿Լù˵

ʦѧСùҲ֪ʦ˺ܺãҲܽҺܶࡣҶˣ˿ڡлҪ꣬ϸ꣬㿼˴ѧǻꡣʱ̫ˣҲٰȥʦѧˣҲܳϷ

ӯеԥû뵽ҶԼҶѧѵ¶ЩСòĵġ˵벻飿ͷСùһ֧ϴѧ

Ҷжҡͷܸ˼СùãʦѧˣѧУҺõĶ࣬¶ҲϡҲϲҰҵøɣ

ӯŽɵӦһųҶһСӹƼͷ̵ļСƣȵ۾ͷϸ徫ֱ̨̳һ㲻ҲƳЩǺö

ֿҶе㲻ţⶼģ

ҶͷСùãʦѧϲ

ӯظˣױ͵˼Ҳ˲ٿͷԳҶڵҲ⡣ǳԱ˼ҷ鷳ϸ˺СƣųҶһĽ⣬Щʶ᲻óҶԿ࣬Ȱ˼ΣҶ׼ҲֻôӦѧա

ѧԼϲҲУǵѧҶǺúӣСùܰѧáӯѺӿϻѧѧղͻȥѧѧѵ¶Сùúһ£֮ǰǴӦѧѵСùøѣֶ꣬ôҲҪġ

Ҷͷŵ£ллСùá

ӯź̲סѹ۳ҶҲѹԼû¡ʡǻѴżҵˣƽʱչĸһžЩˣټߣǸҪܰһһֻ꣬ųҶ

̼϶ӲӸϹӻĸ׷ǰһϴϱûӻһ䡣

̶ЩΪѣСԶģ¶

ϴϱˣộСҲûյǾͲ˵ˣһյĲʵ˵ȥ㿴ҼҹСϸⲻҲٻ𣿡Щ⣬ѹйһ

̶ӺƢҲ˵ʲôǶԳϴһԶˡǲ𣬻Ƕġ

̶λĸףԳϴķּҲ¶˳ȥЩչţ࣬ҵݶͲҪˡмɣ̽׼ٺ̣ܶҶĻƱøϻȥ

ϴϱŵηԳ̶һ

̶Ӷ鲻ǶСӯмֺøСһ˼䣬ѳϴϱһߣϴϱƤ񣬵ҲЩڡ

˵ţλ̫̫ǼԺģũ쵼մ״ʣϴǺܿǼ仰óϴһﲻζˡ

̫̫֮󣬿żɽľ˵ˣլӣڵʱд˺ͬѾתóȥˡҶǺͬóҿ

Ҷȥתú̫̫ͬǸ̼Ҽˣͷũ£˵ġֽ֣дѾҶˡ

ϴԭŸ÷һ£̫ͻȻǵñʾҪݲƲֳ˷ݺͬ˵ЩǳҶˡζӣų϶ӯ⣬֪˰ɣҲǵģֱ˵ˣһܸҶô

̶һԣæ˵֪磬ҽĵ籨֪ϢģҲ֪ӵ¶ˣϼҵĶһҲҪ

ӯһߣǽһ䣬磬ҪҶŷҲֲҶǲԼռ·˵ֻ

ӯ˵ϴȻҲ׹ˣǸһ⣬Ҳ粻ʲôϴϱˣôôܶҶǸء

Ǽ̫̫ϵϴϱô˵ĸˣҲ˵ˣլǷֻ֡ҪѳҶµǷó

ϴϱ֧֧ģ˼䣬˵ˡԼ飬ռ˼ҳҶҷô꣬³

ǾǵˣҪأһһҲɡǼ̫̫һᣬûзԵģͰǺͬҶЩ岮ڣǵѺͬ˳ҶҲǸһ

ﻹкЩĶأϴϱģ˾졣

Ϊ׵̫̫һۣҵҲвٶҪܷóǾͻһô

ϴϱͣЩҾ߶´ģԼЩЩҵĻ



53ˣ£
 
ϴһԳ̣Ϊûǰ˵µûšϴϱϳ۲ҲմȾá̶ӯЩοǶԳҶǹĵģ⺢иڷĵطҲˡ

̫̫ǰ˽ˣְο˳Ҷ䣬ˡϴһûȵּҲȻҲٺţҲԼȥˡͷҶ˸ۣ˿ˮ

ӯɫãϴϱƼԼЩֻ˶һߣûԸղŵ¶˵ʲô

̶üͷʵڲϲһң̫ôȥ˶Ҳ

ӯЦһ£Űɣʲôöӣ֪ԺôТأ1lՓi

СȥСӵĵ绰Ǳ߼Ҳ˵ڳ£ˣָСȥһˡ

ȥ֮󣬲ŷǳ˴¡

ֺЩѺȾƺȳ¶Щ˳ˣ͵Ǯ͵˰칫ҵԿסòԣȥ칫ҲŷΪʱͷ߰㣬Ҳˣͷ׼ʩʮԪɡҪǣ˾ӡºһЩͬҲˡ

ϻ̱˾ǶֵĲﵽޣһָͨɢļơ

ֱѹȲԼȥ׷ЩˣŶһʧ̫·ϳ˳Լ·ǰĳҲײá

ˣʱһľ˵ʹˡ

﷢ҲǸϻıԹ׷ֵôˣҰأ

ϻüͷã˳Ҳֻˣײ5ģڻƲ鿴Ҳǣȣȳ˰ɣҵ˵ҪЩ˽ƫأЩʲôѣ

СϻǸ˵Ҫ⳥ʧԲסҸĴһһ

Ҳ֪ǸˣˣҲôЩ¶ûţ͵ˡ

죬ֱˡСһЩ˵Ǹ˳һ·ϡС⺢ӳĬļ򣬡Ҳ̫Թ֣Ǹ飬ʵܲźȳ

ǱС廹ƽЩʲôʱ¶

СҲ̾˿һʱˣֲҸ㣬ӰѧϰҲ˵ˣȷҲġܰĶⳤģв۵ʱء

ڳϲҲ֪ʲôʱɳ¹϶ϻѪŴ԰ˡɫҰףֺϵһƼ𣬵ǻǿЦ£û£ȻȥɣС崦ͳɡ

Լﲻζֻвʱܼ棬𲻿ϳȥһߣŸ׽СһЩ顣

ǮЩó˼ңʧͳ˵˶Ҫ⳥ҵĴܵꡭչ˺ˣһжˡˣֵͷԼϵЦ¡ԼҲ˱ˡ

ۿ﷢ʪŵҧ˵

ߵʱ̲סֺһл˵

߽ˣָСڳﻹЩǮǵԼʡáСУҲһݣøɡ

ӦһЩɬСȥˡ

ε¹ʺأײ˵˼ߣһҧǾƼݡϴžҵʱѪ⣬ƾҲǳꡣھغܶ࣬СЩæʦҪߡûҵʦͽӵ˷ԺĴƱ

ֺͬϻ￪ˣǸ˷ͥɺܼ򵥣Ҫͨ;⳥ʧֽȥ֮󣬼ˡߵӡºͺͬóܴܵʧպҪ鷳

͵԰ĵ鲢˳Щǵصӣϵ۸ӣǮͺͬ׷ϣãСæýͷö֮£ԼȥЩ͵˼ѯʡˣֻʣ¼ҧסϡһҵһң˵Сһٸϳ

С˵ȣж㣬ŹĴ磬ҧֱûȾ׵÷ڣҲһȦݣϻ

ҪС壬Сֹˣ㻹ѧûգҲȫ뱻ؽȥСżҲЩˡ

֪ǺģҲֻܸС棬һѡﻹһڴܻһүΪô£ʱһҲá

£ԺоˣҲû

ڶӣ7ꡣСȥ·Ͻܲˣ˸ɵһƫƫũ·ϣֱ˽˳

Щ˲һңСԴҲϳЩˣһЩ˳ȥסһˤϣǺҸ˼Ǻģ

С屻ͷѪҲɿһҪץǽȥ

߷һӺֳѶ˵ľһϣҲۣЩ󲿷ƼͷֺȹƣʣµĶ͵ļ˺ѣǰŸСȥҹǣ񷴵ȴˣ

Է˶࣬һ˹˲С壬СֲܣֻǸһζ򡣱סҲˣɿɿһһȭһ㶼顣

˾ҲӴŶȥߡ

СͷǸҼ㣡ҸȾƣҼǵá㺦ģ㡭ͷ㣡

ЩңһȭͷȥҪС˦˵˵Ǻģûȥ

СѪҧס˲ɿڡҪ㡭ǡͽ

˻ˣ谡٣˵ǸɵģҪǻˣǣ㣡

С屻ߵϣϰһţ۵úг

˵һ˰֣С۳ſŲסˣٴȥҪˡͣ°ɣҪʲôֱ˵

ǱߵԭֻҳŻһ£Ǯ˵ֽˣ׺ݵӣȫܰһһСסû뵽ôҪģ뺰ͣô˵Ҳ¹ӡ

ҡǼҲǮǹɽԼ͵ģûϵǵ¶˵ҪǡŪɽ˿еţղʹֵʱɲʮСӣĵطˡǽ컹ˣҽҩѣ

ˣźԣҽҩѣüˡ

С£׸˶ͷǰ˵ĺʹӶͳһǮҲûһӸǣˣɡ

ЩǮһѷˡҲǺҽҩѣҪǾǮǳŽͲ鷳

СҲʲԼ̫ԩŸղǰӵֱðỨǮʲô

СҲϣǱС忴ҪЩȻȥԺ˵ûôȣ¶װһֿҪʮһ

ҳֻ˲ҳݣܿ˾ǻȥ˳ά޷ѣֶЩǮѹǰֵ˾мָġ

˾ǮЩԥǿ˿ڣ𣬳ĲżóԺͲܹˡ

ˣЩ쳧ܽ賵ãǿڻ˲Ǯķϡͷ˾˵˾֪ߡЩ²Ϊͷˣٵ֣ҲֲÿҺڵĹʡ

СסԺƣ˼Ӿˣ߹ҲһʵҡƵʱ򣬿޵һѱһᣬǺο࡭Щ˵ЩåأŪһˡ㶼ʮˣôô嶯

Ҳ˲ʣǿӲקȥһ顣Ƥˣ¡ӲģǸͿĨҩ֣Щүǲᣬǿ޳֪ǼˣЩϴҲزסڲǸµʱٽȥʱҲǧһүǼҡٳ¶ˡء

ӲᣬˬŮƽЦžͲƯӸ̸Ƿ̲סźۿ֤һһҧӣģҲȥǡ 



54һ
 
·ϳ˱ʣ֮ҲֻǱʮ壬ɳ˸طйϵǣռҲûáСòУҲˣˣҧҧȥ

ҽԺˣ˻кüЩﵥλְϽӰ࣬һû뵽ͱײˡﵥλӲһҧƺݳ⳥ְʧ쵼͵طʯҵҲϵĺϻ˲룬ǲ

ȥһҽԺЩ˵ļ޵ģҲΡ⳥ĽˣǼصİҽԺ˲֤һС˻һ°µ˸ɾӵİ£ˣǮ˼ȥǸ⡣

˳⳥𣬻Ҫ⳧ʧֿĳǳģײãȥάһݶǮһʧʮԪǮӡºͬҲҪ⳥ġ

ũķӶСȨʱ򷿼Ҳͣһ׳Ҳֵ23Ԫֳףָȥ˳ϣҪڳķǮ

һŮˣû棬ȥǮʱܵ˼ٸˡĺϻЦһ˵ĺܲЩ˵ǮûͶȥ̺;ȼˡҲǳǮ齨ġ

һϻ˸ֹϵŴԲҲô˵Ҫ統ų·ӣҲô˳˶ѵʱɣ𰡣Ҳǿ㳤ģǷά޵ĳǮﵣˡǾѳһ£øģĶŪ

ǽһϰ£ЩҲĬĬԼжǮá

ֻڳͶ˼͹޳ϵģǮʮʧԵĿӲϣвʣࡣӡºͺͬȽ鷳¿ٿ̣ɺͬǣΥԼ𣬳ţ˵ǲҪ׼

һͿˣС׬˵СǮ֮ũûԭôѾˡ⼸ʮʮ⳥ŮЩסĨһᣬ۾οԼֶӣ£ʵڲУӰѼţˣǰǮ˻ϡҲǷǵˣء

֣˸Цοӣû¡ﻹɳũϷҲˣ๻ˡﻹЩǮСЩҲв٣Ǳߵ飬ǹõġֻǣЩµĿҪ⡣

ũһϵŰϷһߵȳϢϷǱ߳겻סˣһȥȥһڵӣﲻζЩ첻̫ƽ»鷳ӲͦûȥƳҶҲҶ

ũǰĺõС֪ҳº󣬵ȺũԭмҷƵģұ͸ְߵĻСǻһҲŪЩࡣŰɣһСϲЩСƦҲóԿߣ

Դû˵ʲôҵʱ򣬻ģҲƵѡһֻۣܱڱ˵ǿ

ǻСһֻһֻԺӵĿյϼˡľŨŨãˮֱð

ͷֺǷССûٸںߴ¶ѻ𿪵ЩЦĸ磡㿴⼦ʰӡ˵ϴҳ˳ҶӣǼҵġáˣ

üë£ҶӾһֻСģôһ˵ɶ˼䡣ϴϱȥģ

ǰȥˮϯĲˡָӸߣ֣ǿӱüֱҪѿһ㡣ͷϵĺͷɫ磬ҲҶˣ첡ˣչ˵ôడ

æһţҽԺܣҲûȥƹҶ͵Ϣﱻһ¡ֲˣȥơ

û˻ˣһ߻رϳ̣ˣˣԼҲչ˺ԼųɡԼϴ˴鷳ȥֻóҶҲΣաСͬǻϵìܣⲻٱһأȭͷɲǳҶܰסġ

˽ȥƳҶɣ˵ֲ˶Ը鷳ڲǻûôʹһ̣ɬζ͸ΡֵĻѵʱҲȥǱǮһ˿ϣڵš

Աߵտ¯ӣһڻرϳ̣Ϊ·ƣһ˫С۾з̾˿磬⻹ѳҶˡеʱɣŷĵ¶ÿŮˣҪȥҸ

á붼ľ;ܾˣгҶһˣеŮĶݲ¡

ͣ߶磬ǲǿʲôˣΪһֻȺء

Ϊһӣô񣡡һ䣬ԺųҶ濪绰

˵磬ѳҶҲøҸ˵ˣ绰Ҷ͡

˵ţǰű˼£СȥţΧſڵûƼˣż˹̵ҩζ

ӴҶ˵أ˵û䣬ˣ

վڻҲˣſǰʵɲǳҶôЦųǱ֣Ҷ㿴һ˰ɣɣ

Ҷɫе㷢ףž񲻴һСɰҩ߹áɰиӣҲǲס˿˿Ʈİ£Ҷһҩʲô

ҶɰûףҲ֪ǶûǱɰ̵ãˡЦЦ۾˻쿴ˣ˵ģһ¡

Щ˸壬Ҷ㻹桮ͻݡǽһ⣬һ԰ɣ

ҲЦˣСʱҶҲôСϱźѹǰ³Եɣȵů͡

ڵվѳʣµ̵̳һӣųҶͽȥˣǷʰ

ȺҪ£ֿʼ塣ϵæסǵȥˣһֿ˿ǽյķţһ䡣СҶรɣǰﲻˡ

ǰûȣһӲľ崲űı죬ζûСҶڴϣµıӣͦܣ㵽ߺסɣ̫ˡ

°̧ͣͷϢڳҶСϣǲǻûװҸ˵˰ɣʱ䲻

˵ˣҲ֪Ҷ۾һգգĻػҵģˣϿ϶ҲˡҸһ£ŪҾߡ

һʱûҶֳЩֹˣ۾ﻹһ˵ļᶨٰĺһԴ

˼ŰƵĴֵ磬ˣһ߳һ߸Ҷ˵ɡ

ڵųҶҶӹһüûԷûԷʲôҩв㣡

ҶŶе죬ңˣ˺üأ綼ţòжˡ

ʹ˳ҶԴһѣȥţ˽ߵѾơˣֺһšûȥþƣֹʵ˵㣬Ǻֵ

ѳҶڻһιһڰɡǳҵģ㲻ҲǼҳһֻӣ㿴ڲ

ô֪ģҶе㾪ȣ˿е⣬£˸飬⡣

֪ʲôǰ£촽Ǽ⣬ĺںģպų԰ɡ

ҶŶһ֣СڵҧˣĽ⼸ҲûԺðɣΣμӶҲлĲУôҲ磬ˣ°ɣ

ܾûҶˣǷۺСͷһȥҲǸʲôһһòӺסһ㣬ȥҧסҶͣͷȥסǿСͷݺݵڡ

𣬱лҪĺҪƵһСŹֱ˾ŷֿ

ҶȥԴĥ£ԣȥɡ

Ҷﲻ·ġ

ӻȣԽ׵Խǲ㣬ԽԽòֻǱžƲסˡ

Сһ飬Ҷ



û֮ǰ˵ĸӺߺһȴϵһҡһڴ𰸣һ֪С˵𰸡ųҶͣͣ塭

Ҷڻزȥˣ֪𣿡

Ҷѹڴϣ۾ˮģ·߳ܵĵطʱ̲סС˫ɱ𣬽زɿûȥûˣˡ벻˭Զܵ¡

һŰ壬˺˺£Źһš

ȥʱ򣬰ѳҶۣᶼӿˡ˼£СųҶ֣鶯

ҶҧŴ۾ֻСӣȦ̧˽𺬵ظһЩ硭˰ɣ

£۾ҲЩ죬

ҶͷһŪЩۣҲĥͷûšҲóҶſˡñӸã˳Ҷϵһ㱡ס

ҶͷҲˣҵȻҩȷ¡Լ˵ţ˱ӡˣҩߣˡ

ҩԼҲܲ㣬ֲ˰ɣϵⶼûˡ˳Ҷһѣ᲻Ƶģ˼¡

Ҷĥ˼£ů˱ӷĻ磬ղ˵˵İɣӦҸһסġ

СƳСӣ䡣Ȼȥϵ˴ԺһңͰⷿˣҲûá

Ҷ˵Щˣſû˵ͱһڣҲȥסȥ

ҶҧһڣЦ۾۸ˡ

˵һỰҶƼڴβĺ£Ȼ£·иǸġ

⻰ЦˣҶСʲô硱ǸĲˡӺ¶˼£ҳһŷ⣬ͷԼǧѿ飬ĶУһᡣҶģ

ǰ̸µģʦǰĹǮŶˣЩͭǮҶøʦʹʦˣ˵ЩӾʱЩǮҶ£ǮԴ˵磬ʱǵúúллʦʹʦ硣

ųҶһһǡĽУ񱻷һС¯˶ůҶ˴һѱסһڣƾʲôǮ

ƾЦ۾˵šƾҺһҵġ



55һ 
 
ӷƼҲֻЦЦû˵ʲôͷǻ˺ȵ,ģĻȭߺȡƼͷһȣ磡ղһǾƣȥ㣡

ûǶԷĳҶֲֻᣬҲǸġƿƿӸһ磬ȵ㣿

һۣӹӺˡ

ּǱƣﵹ˿ԼҲһźȥ磬ģǴСֵܡҡԺҲóҶԼֵܿ

ЦЦлˣǲ֪¶ųҶֵܾˣȻҲܿЩߡܿ¶ģûʵĺá

зС۳ҲЦЦԼƿơһˡ

ᵽ߸ҶȥסҲֵҶȥÿȥʱ򶼹˺ܶࡣԼ֪ͳҶ¶ũҲи˺õģǸĶļһϻĨۡ͵͵˳ҶΣϺܸɾƽʱûʲô

֪ǲãųҶҸЦˣƶӸǴס˵ͬеĿǻϷŪҶҲȳ⼸䡣ѳҶˣˣְ
ǻСǲ֪۳ҶľҲԳҶ˼չˣǰһˡ

Ҷһʱ٣󲿷ʱ򻹶Ǹ߲ܼš˵ҶһĥԼ۸غü첻ܴ·ȥ߷ֳҲϲѧֻ첡٣ԼڼҵС

ʱҹȥ˸šû¶ͰŰֽ䣬ŵ˾ͳɡŰ֣ȥ£˶ð¡

ֵͷӦû⣡ְǱʦܵɣȫŶа

ǵãһ켸ŸɾͿˡӣְǼķֹ˵£ʮŵ㹻áŪһԶٷ

֣̫ˣǲ˵ЩҶŰһģ

Ǿڼҳ԰ɡô˵ҲֻһͷʳҶҪЩ˻

иС˵Ҷǰʱţ˾䣬ããҶǸð⻹ûðɣ·

ҶеΣŵȶͣˣû£ҺˣС

æŴԲǡǾôˣڼҳ԰ɣҶۣǶ׼õġþûųҶķˣͦģ

˸壬ĵԼϲԵĲˡҶͳֽʼ֪ǲǱղһ䡰·ֵģͷһֱû̧

۾£Сͷӣرɰ

ϵôһĺȥˡ᲻ãҲô飬ֻܾܵĸϵ˼ҡЩǿӵģ黹㰮ϧǼ۸ҲԵһЩΨһĺôǣǮ

һݴЩǰͷϷҲϵңתˡǮŹĺͬ⸶óʣµĶСȥΪֵ¶С尤סԺһ˼Ҷ΢΢վȥݶ飬·ζҪġ

С˵ͷһͷΣƢҲŴ¶õҽԺһȫ˲ǮӲʡһ뵽ԼһͷһѪͺ£ֻ಻ٵҽԺǮ

ȥʱøιСȼСΪ˵ֻǿЩҽԺֲʣµ˷ѣԼˡһ߳һ߻Թ㿴öҳˣҳʲôðֲϡ

С۾Ϣ߶Ҳӷ

ſڿһᣬѹȥˮȥӣõû

æ˰£öˣҽ˵ٹ۲۲죬ܳԺ

˵Żʿˣȥ˵û˼۰Ͱ͵Լˣ𰡣ɶ¶˵

׼õǮͳҪ£ӣЩǮ°ɣΪҰֵ²Ū

һѸƻȥҪûȥǰ컹˵أȻȥ͵Ǯȥ⺢ôãջȥָ֪ͷˡ

ð죬ӣֻðǮˡӰֻĸ첲Ȱο֪ǺúӣֵİӻûˣǼҵôǮ𼱣˰ٶǺþͳɣ

һЦ˵ǣһãСչ˵ĺúõġ

ǱһˣŹŲƺţƼʱ£߹С壬˵

أҲϳˣǱߵݣ˾˵ġôû

˹û뵽һᣬſ˿ڣ軹ѧϰ˺󣬻û

һףе绰ɣѵ绰ң

ҲǴˣҲҪΪһ¡üͷ΢΢¿ڡֵ֪֪¶ôðȻĴȥֻңǱߵĹѧϰҲвȥܲΪȥ֣µֳ߰꣬ɣүòײŸµĹ

ۿһ绰͵ַ˼ûУҲŽˡ

֪Ϊִ򱧲ƽɳҲԼɵġʱЭ飬һǮûֵġ˴Ӷͳһŷ⣬ͷĹĵһҽҲġүǱߴյǮȥðɡ

Ц£ô治ɰҰҲ˵ˣ˾ͲǼһǮˣ˾ȥɡ

üͷ⻰ЩСӼҼҵģôô˵ɩӣ°ɣԺõϡ

һͦΪǼҶС岡Щ죬ȥҲġ˵ҲȥǮµҲܾˡ

ЩͷҲǷ˺ôľŴЩǮҴתһ¾Ϳԣû뵽һѣֲϵϡò飬һûûˣծ鷳˾ȥ鷳

𲻿ǮҲЩ²˵һᣬ¹ˡӾܾĳףҲٽȥǸ˼˷ѿ࣬ǮҪծֶԴЩƽ

ɫãһ߰οʵүҲһƬģ£ҲӦӦ

Ǻܼ֣ãҲǷǵġ

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š
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56Ҷ 
 
ͬ⸶ˣ֪ͨõı֮ǰҪЩƽոֹϵõЩ˴аŵ¡С廹ûԺ˼2Ǯȥ

ͷһôǮһ·ŵĲУҪǱ˵3ˣǲǰ׼2Ǵմվ͹ˣҲðϷˣŽȢϱ

ӣòţһѣȻѾڼҴǮƼôͦжġǰԼ˵㣬ҲЩǮģˡ

Ӳϣ߶߶ĻȰϷûܴչǮҲٶ˵ȰǮŻʱٻӡ

һȥﻹǮʣµ̯ӣԴְ뱲ӻµǷǮ˸ɾһףϷӣҲûбֵǮˡٵңӴǮԭ⻹ȥл

Ҳ֪Ƣ̾˿ѴǮˣϵļӲ

㲻ϸӻȥסʲôûУȿˮõǮŰɣҪٲգӾ˰£΢̹˵㡣𰡣ôԷлǸӻȥɣͳԺǾֳסҲͦã

ЦЦܾˣãסںߣҶǴءҪҲ³ԷɣóҶûȥѧУҲգЪЪš

ӵСӳԲãСҽԺѾ˴չˣҲͰŰɵ³˶ٷ

ҶƼҲУСʱûٺӼҵţ̣ס£æȥʰһˡҶ˼˶ը⽴Щߦ档ǼҳĲɫ㡣

ųҶģҲϲӣСʱ򶼲㱧ųҶؼȥأԼûӣ͸ͳҶƼҶչ˵ȫҲͲǿȥ

붺ŪҶСҶһգҲôˣķӵĶóԣѹ𲻸һȥأԿˣСԺ綼Ӽҡ

ȳԷɡһ棬ҲЦˡôһҪһؼȥ

ӺǺǵЦɶˣҶֲˡţСţ̣ͳҶͰĶ飬ϴѧźأ

һ棬ԶûʲôøУҲˣҲϣ׼Լҵ

Ҳû̫ǼҲûˣôЩ껹ѧģҲͲɡӣܳϱ˵ϼҾͳɡ

룬ʳҶǳҶ飬֪ѧϰãʱ򵱸ѧҲǳ

ҶһСһ䣬Ҳϴѧҳбҵȥְߡ

ЩͷһҶ˵գ۾׹ĸ˵İɣߣǼҳŸȥְߣ

Ǹˣũ¶ҲЩԳϴϱûôСҶɼãְеϧˡǷֳܷ乤ũͲܷˣҵҲãиɣš

ɾˣģҶⱲӶš

û˼Ҷ˵߶Щҳ̣һͼȥˡֳǱźЩţɲΰæ⿴ܡҶﳣ߶߶

Ӧˣӻؼȥɣˣ·ϲȫ

ҶҲףñΧãҪһȥӣҲȥ

۳ҶܼǵСʱಡӣôһ·òãȥǰгһ͵ˡǸػصģ鷳

𲻿ϣʱҲ֪ȻҲȥˡ֪ӵСôЩǮҲһ·ġӲﳵųҶһ·ӻȥ

﷢ůﳵȥֳ˼ҾʹǿȥҲûˮЪˣϽȥɣ

ȥŻλƵﳵųҶߡͦ䣬˵仰ܹе㵣СšҶ䲻

Ҷں߹ʵźΧˣ䣡ԼΧýġ
ЦˣܾûôҶһ·ﳵؼҡǶϣϱСסſһֻСƵġһ͵ˣɱ˯ţû

ߵӦһе㱧ԹĿ˿ڣڳ˯ŵ¶ʱС˵СҲܼһӰ

üëСΧϣ㶼ܵԴˤȥȣŵˣ볿໵غ㶼ˡ

Ҷںͷ£ֻƵȥҪ繰ȥˣ

Ҳ뵽СƽʱѸԴֻ¶͸˵Сǻ棬ԼҲЦˡúúãҲ˵˰㱧ɡ

ŵƲ֣׵ĺСצӻסͲɿˡԼҲȺģҲоˣгѹ·ı˶ԻΨһ֡

Ҷ󲮼ô˵ѧȥѧǻСȥ˵󲮼ҾǮǷʰˣʱҹѧ˸ͽҶ

ҶںͷЦˣôְֵҲС

ͦ⣬ȳҶ󣬶Ҳ࣬ǵ顣Ͳ˰ɣйڷգٺ~
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ҶѧϵĶ϶Сѧоͷ˺ôĹòֱ꣬ϴϱȰŸְߡ

ҶʩƵһҲƢҲû˳ųϴϱĻȥֻĻһ䣬ˣһȥ룬СϴѧҲ顭

ϴϱЩм۽ȥУжòǮˣʳסУҪǮģ㵱㶬յúǮ㵱Ǵϵģߣѧޣ˵Ŀɡ˵㿼ϣ㿼ˣҲֲɹþҵģҲҪǮĲǡĸĻȥְߣ껹ܷ䡭

Ҷ˵һͨǼԼĹ۵㣬ϴϱˣͰĻó˵ˡĸ˾ȥԼ׬ѧѡ

ǲҲ֪׹ҪҲȰˣԵǻһ㣡ϴϱһͳЭ飬ҶѧһǮȰҶְߣҲеʡѧѵ˼³ҶûҪչˡ

ֱߣҶҲɿڡϴϱóҶԼ˽ѵȻתȥְߡʱԲϷڵģ

ҶһѵòӲضײȥ˵ɣҪԵġ

ϴϱ˵˦ˡ

Ҷгȥ߷ֳ֮ǰʣµͭǮҪȥȡǮ

ǹͭǮ󲿷嶾ǮʱаܶõģǮмöõģȴǱͭǮһëҪѹͼ۸ļų֣Щѹۣ˼졣Ǵʦе·Ÿ߼ˡ

滹мñ۶£ã˺üǮƼҶⶫǷݰϧ֮飬ǳµġͽܣҶһ

߰˰Ĳֵ࣬ǮҲֻжǧ顣ĿЩǮ³ҶãԼЩǧøҶֻ˵һǮ

ҶΣ˵ҲˣֻƼöñ۶ʱۿǵȷǳµġ磬Ҷ³һ÷ĺʹʦԣл⡣

ʦԵ㣬ֱöҶҪ˵ʦѧϰվͺˣֻӻ⣬þû˾һˣ

Ҳ룬ϧҪѧУˡҶĵ˲裬Ҳʦ豭Щ¸һһЩòˡ

ʦЦ۾æӦǰȥòˣӴָ¸Ƕٹ

űů֣СͽݵĲҲյ㣬ûϢģԼҲգһֱóҶæѧϰ

ֲö顭

ϻûͲѧϰ

ҶһЦ˵ʦ˴ʦ硣Ҷѧô꣬ҲͷƢ׼ĸԼˣһ˵ٿס׵ıһԽԽУһԽԽҶռ˵һʦܲңռ˵ڶ

Сͽܱ֣֪Ǹƺ«ӣһ߾ʵɿһֵСͽܱ۸һ˳Ҷ䣬ҪǮãʦﻹЩ¹Щ˵ʲô̫ίԼ

Ҷ˱裬ˮȥҶֱתƣʦİɣչ˺Լ

ȥɳ˵еչͳЩ͵ֳȥһα¼ֳµʱҲڳȥҲֻο˼䣬ûеõȷŵϢ

ŵϣϣһɳһ죬ϲŵ˼ҡһžƼҶſɳϣԺڴǰС輸䵱˷żǿµģҲ֪ʲôһ

Ŵһ磬Ҷ۾ˣ磿ôŻ

ߣһѣůͺ͵ĺû

ԹˣҩҲˡҶůţӦ˼䡣ģȳԷȥҩ̫ҩθһᣬȥѷ¡

£µģѾȹˡãȵģô԰ɡ

ҲûʲôòˣײˣŪģ˼ζˣɳԵ

Ҷһ߿Էʱʱһ¶˵ЩҲֻõĵط˵ο꣬ĸǧǮ𣬡СͭǮģˣȥðɡ

ҲҶͲֱ˴ˣãҵ¶ôһǮ

Ҷ°룬治ѧˣҾҪһѧɡȥʦܹϴѧӴ

Сͷһ£ЦЦĿ첻˵Ҳϲ飬Ҷ˰ɡϸ۾̫Լ

ҶһЩʣ˵𣬼ͱ˻⣬Ҳת˵ѧ¶ˡ

һ˯ģͷĹţҲ䡣ӳԵñϱůﻹһ㣬･ˡ§ųҶ˽һڡС̫ݣͷͻۡ

Ժôȥˡ⣬׬ǮСһ㡣ôţǴЦ硣

٣ҪΪˡ

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ҳҳĶԻ
ϴϱǼҳ
Ҳǡ
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58СԲ 
 
ڶһ磬ͳҶȥѧУֻǳҶȥѧȥѧġѧУûʲô֮ǰ˳Ÿĸ飬ٶȥҲ˷ʱ䡣

ѧУʰ˶ųҶȥ˳вᣬٺáҲľ崲Ҷˣֵֻ̣ͨһжʮˡҶĴһ˽ţŲһ˯Ƽüͷˡȥ˸һ¡

ҶǾûʲôðŵ˴һ𣬻Щģ

Ǵ˰ǿͷǾ͵ȼ졣ϴþ߸ڼϣһ˫Ьڴ£ʰ׵˲뿪

ҶȥϿΣе£ˡߵУſھͷںͦϤǷ볿

볿һ̿γģһ·ܣ档ӶͳٿǮһ˵磡ǵһ⣬ŰɡǮ·أֵ⼸´յĻʳѣǧ١֪϶ҲãܰһҲ̹

е㾪ȣŷ볿˵棬Ҳˡڷ볿ؿڴһȭ˵˾ֵܣæչ˳Ҷ¥ͨǱסҲߣҶչ¡

볿ЦǺǵĴӦһİɣ缸أҶԲϣ

仰ˡкܶ¶Ҫһһ¼Ҷһأ¹˲С

ҶסѧУᣬһϣе㲻Ӧ˯ʵһ㲻ԱߵȴǸʵģĥҹһڳҶϡ

Ҷڶ϶һԺȦƼҲò˼ˣץԴҶǸԲסҴС˯ʵٺ١

Цͦϣ˵ĻҲʵڣҶ˼ٹ˼ңҲֻܽ˾û¡ҲֻʵһϣվɡҶֻһߣŴ˯˼ա

ʱ򣬳Ҷûȥ볿³ҶѧУ̫࣬ȥһʳᣬóҶԼЩ

ΪûʦȥҼ飬ҶԼѧϰеѧûô̿࣬һżٶؼңʣ˳Ҷһˡ˻飬ȥ˼˻ŪЩҲൽ˰硣вʳòţвĵǿţҶôԶЩľڴСһᡣ

˯Ժ˺ԼҶҶ

۾ȥţ򿪾Ƽ𣬸˵Ĳ˽ȥ磡ôˣ

ֱӣһŶһ־ͰѳҶˣ£úѧϰûСŹϣͳҶһüͷһˣϺ𣿡

Ҷҡҡͷ£ҸղŲ˯ˡÿ컹Ҫ͵͵ϰһæһתϢʱ亦¡

ûĵطֱӱСȥϰԵȥ̽̽¶ȣȷʵ˯ѣȺءѳҶر˸˵䣬ǧܸðȻ

Ȼʹƨɣ԰ɣҶſڱͷ˵۾ЦһҪ˵ʮ飬ζμˡ

Цúÿ̲סͷµСһڣҲЦˣμʲôˣ

μѵ¡Ҷ§ĲӲɿҧֲ˵ˣֻһ˫ʪ۾Ļϲ

һûųҶҲܵСʲô¡ˣҲ֪˵ʲôźãһһСţԷ𣿡

ҶһˡҪһ䣬ȴǱͷ̽һͨҽԺҪʲôˡȵѹڴϣȴҲѲˡģ˵ʲôǣҪĻ

Ҷ𣬽һѾһƬȴƫƫܾϸ̸ȣ޲ðϾҪȵûһš

һ·ȥϾͲ뿪ǰ㱻زŪˮ֮󣬸ǺΡؿĸоŪţҲץһƵģԴġûƵĶ˳ֻ̧ͷһֵۣͷʹһڡ

ȵ۸Ҫĵطۿǵˮڱ̼ؿ˼̫ϤĿϯȫ̲סӣ緢

СƽˣŴչȥŪҶͦðɣöҰǰͷˮԼһֱÿɰ˵ڶ˲Ū£壬ŪöˮűҲ

ҶϹ̣۾°Ͳ̧ͷ۸ˣСһ硭Сʱһ

ģǰͷΪСҲԼڸ֮ûɿڳҶһģ̾ˡ˺ˣϾͺáֽҶøɾֿʼǵԼϵ·
Ҷ·ϸˣϣʵڶ㲻ֻòС磬ܲܡ֣ϴα˵ƼǶʵе㺦¡

һ˫Сצҧ˼ڣָͷ֣ģ°

ǰȽϣҶҲЩûһᣬ;߱ʲôȥꡣ

磡֡

ûµģԣָһְסСԼŪţָմ˵㻤˪æµֻȥһ㣬Ū㣬⼷

Ҷ죬ôҲɲˣֱָһȦػСĸŰһ˳

ϲһһС顣СӦһ㣬ͻϲһ֣ԼȤҪ

ŪָȥСĵ.ŪĶóҶһЩô´αô۵ÿ޳ǡŻСֱҲ֪µĻġ˫СҲͣ¶ţи

أںŪ£ҶǰĶ.Ū£ĶȤӿ˶ȴСĲ裬һɿ֣סٶֻĺ硣

ŪͣҶ֣ȥԼİųҶĽĦš˺޲һܸоԷСǵ¶ȣҪͷСĶɫ.ɫζָůǸ˵壬һʪ絽ҶС档

˱źһûȷʵЩ̫̼ˡ

ֽԼֵˮҶϸչһ顣Ҷʱһ£˵˪Ҳͷſȥˡͷͷ۾ùֽˡ
 
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𣺳Ҷô
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59׾
 
ѹʱ򣬻еԺȥԱ˼£տյĲӰҶ

̨жƿƼ񹤾ߺеĳҶſƷӣ̽ͷ𣬡ˣҴ˶ͰӣԵ㣿

ųҶ룬֪һˣ鵽Сӣˡ컹䣬ȥ̨ʲô񲻻ﰡ

մñӳȥûüŪšҶͷԭŪû뵽ô硣

Ҷ˶ͰһˡѴһԵĸҶ£óѹ±ߵһֽŹֳҴģ˵Ū֮ǰǸʲô࡯

ҶЦˣӹǸǡ硯ϻȥʦǣ粻Ҳģ˷֡ҺʯǼ˵ҪڶԭҪӣָĳˡ

ȥ鷳°ƳҶЩֽ¶ŵϣ˵ʵԶʯͷ

Ҷǿϸƣ˵ҲֻӦһ䣬ˣǸֶҲ߰˿ӣڻҲС鷳Щ̵ΪӣҪµĵ񹤣ûһ

Ҳæûȵ緹ˡҪȥɻҲû˵ʲôʱƳҶֻ˼עĻ

ҶһһӦˣְɨɾȻûŪŪʲôҶеŤ±˻Ƴæ˰磬ͣϢȥʰɹͷıӣ̺ˣ̲סϺһ˯ʱ

һ𣬴ûŹСˣҲģſ˯һ޵ʱҲС

ʱ½Ƽɾˣ֪ǳҶʰģæ˵˼л

һСµľʰ䣬ƽҵû˳ҶæɨЩҶϤ֪֮ǸʵģϷ볿ʱʱҶҲҶѧУʶ˲ѡ

ߣȰ¶ŪһաǸʱܵĲϣ˰ģͰѼóˡΪŷ㣬ֱӰĴ󳵵ġܹ䣬ȻЩǮ졣

ִ壬ȻȥˣͷЩֵܿչġн˳ӵĻģɴûҪɶ٣Ǯȴǰƽֵġ

Ҳ˵ʲôʱӲ֣¶䣬ϸȳһЩ˸ɵĻҪЩҲпߵģǰڴǳӶӳ켸Ҳˡ

ӸеֽֽһĽڷֽһ25֡ӳǿСŵģ𽻽ӣ΢һЩֵĽ飬һ·ԼԼϵģ𿪰ġһ24Сʱ޲23Сʱڳеʱϸ٣ûض򣬶øƿӽ¶

ǰ£ٽʱ򣬳ͣˡ

˾·ıܿ˴ߵ˿ͳһжһһֽеķ۳Ǽ˾˺üڣֵ˳һš

ӳҲСڵϲϨˣߺŴСЩǱ߼Сĵ㰡ȥճ£Ƕˣɲǳһֽ϶أҳ⽴ҲûǮ

Ǳ߼ЦĿ˿ڣӳİɣǿɲôɵȱˣĶһž½ŵİҰأһߵģ¶~

ӳһĭҲǷϻͳֻ˼롣ͦ仰ĹǱ·Ͼ˼֣ӳһֹĲ֪˵ʲô

𱻺ȥж˾ÿֻͷֽʱصһٳ

Աߵ۾ӡĵķֽػӡӢĸϻضǮ

һһϺóߵ˿һ߽˲磬ɲǣСձثеһֵǮޣϴοɿˣǵǮġ

ôҲµһ㣬һҲûʡһһеĹأ伸Ǯ

һжķֽͷӢöһ־Եи룬ֱڹ⴦ġЩ˵۸ߵͣӦǷֽŷķֽֽȲռ߳ɣձǱԭ٣һֽ޲÷ӡųˣͷֽռɾͲˡձķֽټӹӡкֽ

ӳǱ߸̸ˣӦ˲ļǮͦˡ·ֽĸְǰֳȥֳͻͻðźˣߺȴϳ

ϵֽж˻˵ӣӳŴȥԷ㷹֮󣬳ԭ˵õǮȻһָһŷ⡪ͷǮඥһ˵ˡ

Ǯ£ͬļ˾ŰԼˣżźСϵܣٺһ

űӸһ£ͷˡ׾ƱơҪ̼Ķ࣬ζӺ˳θĲѾ¶֪ˡ
 


60Ӧ 
 
ҶǳģСʱΪһ࣬Сѧҵܲ˳Сùӯĸ˳УһǸҵ˶١

ҶǸ죬볿ǽ߿

볿ûϣȥˡԸԳĿʦ֮û˵ʲôͬѧۻʱ˵Цġ

ϵˣ̼εǿĲǸʡƴѧϴȻϲѹǳϴϱŶгϢģŮҲҪȥ˼͵͵ų̼Σȥ£ܲӻһ֣óȥϴѧ

̼֪֮󣬸ϴϱһٺ֣޿ģ˲١ϴķȥ죬ûֱŮȥϴѧűŰȥѣŰѹЦˡ

ڼ͵ѧãɰѳϴϱˡãϱҰȰųЩµȳϴҩĹóڼʵ˼졣

ϴսţֱ׳֣ʲôʱȥҩϰడ

ϴͷ裬һ䣬ʲôȥҩϰࣿ㵱ҩĳ˵˾ȥ

ԼͬѧԼȥϴѧԭбһ⻰ˤˡ

ϴϱæȥ׷ӣȴϴסˣȥҪҪһ죬žô£ƽû̺ܽã

ϴϱֻޣ߶ҲԼ˶飬Ҳ۵ģƽװﲻܡϴ˼䣬ʵᷳҲų˼ţȥҹȥˡ

ϴϱһᣬǵĶӣȥͷһͨңڽ˻Ȱų˷ϸϸİοֻȥֵİ࣬ڻеҲͦòǣ

һ׷⣬֮ǰ˵ˣǰǮҲѧͺǻǮǻϣ

ϴϱô˵ҲܣҲİ֪Ǽ٣Ǯô׸ģ

еĿӣԼ䣬ͷ£̰ǮΪ̰ǮԼӶҪϡǵǮץŲţ̰Ǯ

ϴϱһûôָűƫƫˣֲ˵ʲôҲԲ£ſСϿһ

׵˼죬ϴһóȥε¶ϴϱ˵СұϾ˵ҵģ㿴óһô˵ҵӻ˵ǮҲ˴ѧʵڲУǺһȥҲð

ϴе̺У仰ɵˣΣǿǮ·ӣ𣡼ˮƯϡҲÿ˶ٷְͳô֣ʸùų̼ϴѧǮ̣

ϴϱͷһԣһҾôһӣô죿

ϴһ̣ɫҲãϱļ򣬰ο˼䡣ɣȼ죬ܲܽеȳϷ˵

ݵŷţ˸һС軵ˣƢְ裬Լ׵һ˿ҲûֻǾ䡰ˮƯϡԸĸЩԹޣûȫﵽԼԸĸҲô׽

ϴһҵܲͬͳҶ˷֮ƽҶ˳ɼ˵ǰμ⣬ҲͦǰҪʦƸУɼҲǿԵġ

ųӸһ꣬ɻ䣬ͳദҲǸġӳҲĵ˺һƽʱҪֽķֽԭϣ˵һ£Ϣ졣

߳Ǹ˳Ǯģ˹ǮҲһݶǮĩʱҲһ㡣ӳǮٲУ˼´һݡ

룬ûӦ壬Ѿܺˣÿ߰˰ٹáɣȸɵĻˣٸһǮҲ١

⻰˵ƯӳҲǮȻҲϣǳ˿϶Ҫ˵л򣬰ο䣬Ǿ͵꣬ʱٽһ㣬Ҳиֺ졣

Ӧһȵ׵ʱ򣬸ӳһӾȥл˼⼸µչˡ

Ҷź٣ûмڣĳҶһڼȰųҶȥ߷ֳסһ𡣳ҶʹӦˣҲУȥʦɣʦŶϰ

ϴһûһúֻóһˣ˵ǶȥǼҹꡣ˼ǣûˣСĽһ£Ͳһҹˡϴ㲻ǴĸǶԽܶ治áҶãȥϴ治ȥʦ׽ŵ˶Դġ

ʰ˶ȥڳҶĵĺʹʦǻӭԺһ䣬óҶס¡ʦͶʱ򣬻ڸҶҧ䣬Ҷ㲻֪ʦ߯СԺҽһģ

һ߲ɫĸˣѴʦĶӹһЦſ˿ڣ㳳Űɣҿǰ˵ˣ쳪иĴСϱĶˡ

סôһ˵˳ҶΪҳɫأʦԱһĿһ־ģǲҪǻ֮

û˵Ƶģһ߸ҶС£ʦܵܵ

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61߸ 
 
ҲܵҪûϰãȿȡһʱͺˣҪҼϱҪҳ裬ȥӴǽϱ֪ˡϱѲˡ

ЦЦе⣬ǿɲһҲİ

ʦ°ͣ䣬ôһ˵ҲҼϱʱˡСģһɣܵ

Ž˼䣬ǰʵʱҲͦ˼ϼƣͿʼ˵ӵתһ׼أ

ӴӴҶֶģҿˣҼϱɴӲ֣Ҫһ£ͷñšඣʦԼǶ˻ϱҰҰ죬ϱˡϱƢͦºͣ¶һ㶼

ţղŻ˵Ҫš˶䣬ôһƢֺˣ˴ʦһ䣬Ƣõˣʲôʱ

ʦϤҲǣ۾󷽻شˣǰʯѼҵȫ⣬Щ¶̫ˣ͸ҹţһƴҲϱҲʱңȻ϶Ӷ

û뵽ʦǰйЩƽ˼ҵﻰܾЩⲻȥ룬ҲԼ¶ʦ˵һϱҲֹһΡͼ¶ʱŲߣԼ˲ҪȰʵû취ˡ

ʦ۾Цһߣø첲ײһ£˵ʵ㵱˼ɶɶ˰ɣûа

֧䣬Ҳûȷ˵üʴʦ磬Ұ㵱أ˰ҹ˻ȥɣ

ȣĶҹȥ˯ȥһģϷ紵Ӵͷˡ

Ҷͷ߿첽߹ȥ۾ŻĶһ۶ûεġ

ڶҪȥӣҲٻȥˣ¸Ҷһ

˯磬ϰ˵͹صˡԺط󲿷ֵ˿ⷿЩͨʯϣԺﻹһ顣ûôྫȥʰϣһֱţСɽ΢ʱҶӰڰڵģҲһȤζ

Ҷסĵطסĸֿ⣬رĶһҲʲôˣڴϵ˰죬ҲҶɴС£ҶҶҶŪвС˵¡

Ҷ˼飬ģģǴʦڳܵĸ̲סˡ磬ٵһ°Ͼͺˡ

һű˸質ȥصԵ֡Ҷ»ȥЦˣֻϨ˵ϴȥ˯

ڱӵ±סҶЦѧ񲻣

ҶһЦɱŴʦ泪Ƥɺˣû׼ء

˲䣬һ泪Ҿˡ

ҶŶһҪȥӣһ²ܻҶָűӱأҲЦˡ

ڻСִչȥͣҧס̽ȥ˱ûһᣬСͷҲԼĲһĲ񻰡ʳĻҲૣͦæİɣźûǰడ

Ǻæǰࡣ˵ˣҳѽ϶ȡҶֻʵצӣͼϳҲЩ졣磬Ķأ

ϰһڣͦĵط¡˵ţڳҶƨ£ıȱ𴦶еԡ

Уʦҡ

Ҷ̧ϥȥЩ϶ȴס˸ȥһ񣬿ӱǵ룬±סףҲֱУֻ˵Сè

˺һɿСͲ˲䣬Żеôһʦ͸ˡ

Ҷҧָͷڼ֣ʦңС

һһֱⱼһ¾ô٣һܼųҶȷʵ¶ˡױ׵ＱĸʲôƵġָͷϵСĥĥȥҲСצӸ˼£͡

˰죬ûסָ̽ͷͷȥŪ˼£Ҷ

Ҷָҧ˼ӡӣɿˣԼͰߡŪˣҲֻһţصСˣԼųģСί

ѳҶڻ﷭˸óҶſϱߣס˵Ķһһ˳СӣſԼʱףĲˡ

ôãһֻǽ˲ܱ׻ųҶóҶٸŪһΣϸϸһĴ̼ൽ˵ʱ򣬺޲úųҶͣСͷҲԽ

Ҷ»ؿɲ˰ʲôڶɡҶͣȥѾǵЩףҪÿ

Ҷ𲻿ϱŪģҲȥ죬ָͷĨһԼĶڳҶСϡ

ҶҧһڡŲȥʪë˲ɾ§˯ˡ

ǺطסˣԼһ޵ǴʦʱܵҶԼţЦˣ§ĲС磬ʦϳĸʲô֣ʵҲͦ

СաɡѳҶȦԼĻЩмʦģߣҶϵˣ

Ҷͷҳһ£ͽʦ糪һûԭʲôء

Ҳ׸裬ٻἸ䣬ҶˣҺҹ￴ѩƮȴ˵ƮԶٴӭ볰Цûзе롭

ģҶ̫ģģֻúܺ˵ĸж

ԭһݰɣҲһ룬˭˶ԣĻһֻ㹲ҡ

˯ˣܵ¶ۣﱻװˣȻҲ˯̤ʵĶͷף˱ǣҲ˯ˡ

ٿۣиңиͷͲˡ
 
лҪ˵
మһˡƪ
𣺳Ҷ߱ӡ
ҶǷǸղ˶ȣۡ
ǡǰҽɡ
Ҷצѹȥš



62λ
 
ϴһΪ˸ù˼Ʒͳˣ̾ƸֳǺͻе͡ϴû˵ǮҲ˲٣ֻ˵һ£ûϸȷд𸴡ϴ󼱵϶ݣüû˯á

ϴϱȰųûʱϹ䵴һһܸӰø

Ŷڳϴڳģչһ£еϰࡣ˳ϴ͸˸Ŷ˼˵ЩǮﻹһȱȻûǸãһٵĹȵġ

ϴ˼ҲֶӵˣһŶ˳ҶųҶſԣϵõıѧҵһԲϷôȥｻϴҧҧӲǼһǮҲҶ˷йĻ

ϴϱ֪ڼһ޵һѱһᣬǮʲôУ˼ҳҶĿѧ飿ֱǰװһǮȥ

ϴͷ̣ЩӹҲףϴѧӺֶӰùµǮ˸ɾܳɸƨɣڽŵ˼£ϴ˾ģӻС֪ʲô˴ѧҲܳ밡ǸϽųҪˣֵŪȥ̫ѵáǵ󲮵ģʱôҲһѣ

ϴϱ˶֣޿Ҳûã׷ųϴʹڵ֪ԼӰõһݳĻҶֻõһݿزֿĻƵʱ̹˵㡣ÿֿûǰ;ɺˣ鳤أ

ϴϢȥ˳ҶҲǰϰģ16ͳɡҶ⣬ǹ¶ͥƶ£ҪЩô˵еλĴӻǿչ˼ġ

ҶͻϢһʱ޷ܣ˰죬֪ôƾܲźã󲮣ȶԣҲ

ϴڼ˵ˣڰóҶģ֪飬Ҫûй¶Ҳ޳顣ǰҶ߰ѧҲһܻؼҰ÷ݺù԰ɣģбĵλѵã󲮵ģȥϰ࣬

ϴʱѹ̫˶࣬ͷð˺Щ΢Ƶָ̣飬ֻ̾˿Ҷ󲮸˵ӵĻүүڳĻҽӰˣȥƫƫû˵֡˺Ҳ˵ʲôǴܾÿǷġһ䣬ȽҲڳҸŮְһܵǮԺܳɸҡ

ϴ˵ĺζҲÿɬʮˣǻ𵱳ֵܼһʱʱҪȻҲСȥ˼ң϶Ҳ浱ҲҷЩ¶˵ˣֵġ

ҶĬһᣬЩ˲ٿ࣬Ȼ֪ϴƽױһйͬͷû׼˲ǮҶ˳ϴһҲЩɲԸóϴҵĶֻ˵Ҫ롣

󲮣һСùãѧʲôĶǶšҶĻǸų̵ģȥˣСùӯͽҶЩһǰųҶתѧ㣬³ҶԼסռ˱ˡ

ϴЦЩǿӦһɣСùðɡվλƵĳȥˣǴ˸Ĵȥ͸һͣڳƨɵζ

ҶһޣҲû˯ãѵһڻܲȡȵ̲סȸ˵ˡ

룬¶˵еҪˣࡣ󲮶㵹ǲڻеҲûʲô˼㻹ǰĶɡҶıӣЦˡ˵Ҫʦģ

ҶһչҾô󲮺Ϊ£Ūͦġ

ãҪǾöԲ㣬ͰµķӻСǮƽ˶ԹذɣһԳϴһûʲôøСǸСͰ۸ҳҶҪŪһ֪ôʹģ

ָʾǼҡǮʲôõĿɲ٣

Ҷ˵ͷԥ죬ǿ˵Լ뷨磬ʵ󲮶һЩҲչҺ̡֮󣬴ΪϷӵ¶ֵͦҾãҲͺõİɣ

Ӧǰɡ̼ҾʣǼһũãҲûʲôֵ˼ˡ̵ûκͰϷӹҶ¶ȷóϴһСЩʹ죬ҶôǼҰǸʲôйСùãȥ

֪ˣҾò׼𡭡Ҷģۣۣ
һ䡰硱ĻŭţڳҶϰһڣɿ֣ţѧһˣû׳Щ

ȥСù÷籨

ɣȥѧУʱ˳¶ˡųҶ˷䡣ѵûһΣҡ

ů֮󣬳Ҷʹ߷ֳˣԼҺļҾǲһС߶ſ顣

˸£ǻɾ·ûҶ˵仰˯ˡųҶ˯ģŪóҶҲۼˣǰһ°Ħ̫Ѩ˯ĸЩһᣬԼˣüͷҲչ

ҶһλסҶͷ˯ˡ
 


63һԶ
 
Сùӯܿظ˳ҶйҲͬӯҲԼҧֿģ֪ѧܸıˣҲϣҶһӶСũҶֻܰ˼ѧϰϣ

ҶһӯĻ׼ŶǼӱ̿ࡣ

ӯԻһˣרźͳϴҶ¡ϴ÷ǳȥˣһҪˣôЩ˲֪һѣȴУ鲻ΪܳһڷҶʺˣڻеϰ๤ʸְһɡ

ӯͬ⣬üͷԼͣ磬֪ҲǺģҲʺӰϾϵųҶһӣ˴ѧһӹɲһ

ϴϱһŲҶĭӸС˵Ҳ̫ųҶ߶ϴѧϴѧѧɲ˭ϵģѺһ˵ˣϴѧŹӯҪ˵ֺһ»ȥ˵ǲʹſڶԸǿȥˣ㰡ʱδһëǮأ

ӯɩֱ£ҧһ㲻ɿڣҶȥѧߵʱҲֱ߶ҪҶ飬ǼҶӡ

ϴ⼸ͷ紵ˣѾЩҡӯ⻰̼ᷳβϴѧϳ̼ҳôһ㹻ˣ¶ȫ䵽Ǽң浱ð˲ɣ

ӯҲ˵ðһ˫۾ԼɩûǴȴǱǸᶨ֪˲ٹҲ֪Ҷ¶ҾԲͬ⣡Ҷɼȳ̼βܾôӡתѧȥʡǶУԺѧѡȫˣ֮һ仰ѧ

ϴӣ˲ɢ

ӯȥѧУ˳Ҷû龭Ҷ˵ˡҶпɼ࿼֣ҲýʡǵĺøСǱиʵѧرãùһȥû

ҶͷӦˣԭĿһУλʡǵĸУЩԼĳɼӯΪԼȡΨһᣬҶǸж

ӯĳҶļ򣬺þûСһתֳЩüﻹºͣž˾ðġҶʡʦѧѧѶȫģÿ»Ǯ¶ֻܺú飬֪𣿡

Ҷӯ˵ЩֵЩϣЦӦһСùҶ֪ġ

ϴǱ߾ӯҳҶǳϴϱ֪ĸûԣȥеһųҶй¶ɲˣҪظҶйǷǮôһ֣ȴԼӵǷݹס

ҲûôԳϴһͨѵܲ

ϴǮͷ䲻ãؼ֮ʵԼϱһűѵһ٣΢Щ߶ǷǣݴȫڳҶͷϡ

Ҿ͸˵ˣľͲУ˵׼˰ɣҶϾǼҸһ㣬Ķҷİ͸ǮɣʱһҲҲǮģҶһŤ

ϴϱҧָףҲһʣ֣Ҷ˵˳Ҷ֪󣬷Ǹȥ

˵ЩûˣֳûҪЩǮߡϴϱǮʱЩԥЩĻԽԽųϴ͵͵ġôҪǮ

Щˣ裬ҸսӣøЩǰཻһ£ϲ˳Է

ϴϱô£ģҪƷЩʡŵ㻨ֻ֪ģȻָý㣡

ƤЦ˵ãǮߣЩûȥҲֻԼ֪ˡ

ϴϱȱôЩǮԳҶ̬ȱˣÿƼҪһǳҶǷǼҶǮһ㡣˾߶޷˵Ҷ֪ͼǵġ

֪ĺʼ䣬֪ǼģֻۿЦҲĽַųϴϱ߶˳һ䣬ԶԣҶ̫ûˣͷϴѧҲһܣ˹١˲أ

ϴϱû⻰ԼǮʹУ˵ǡģҲҪܳҶˡ

ϴϱмθҶѸˣֶҲãûûŵģ·ﲻʹ죬ԺͲ̫ҶѣҪôţҪôǷţʡµļǮóȥԺȻˡϴϱҲô⣬ֻҶ׬˲٣ҰҶйɣǮʵʵˣҶѧѺ鱾Ѿ㲻ˡ

ҶԴҲ˵ʲôڵѴ󲿷Լ׬ģټÿ½һЩ㹻á̻ڵʱСҲ׬ǮÿΪ˴ӳϴѿûٰۡҶϴҵǮ֮Ҳ࣬ǳԼ㰡

µ׻ҶЩ¶ӯ˼ֺøСųҶһһСùõ߶Щζ

أҲ㣬Ҳܹ飬ұС˵ĻģҶô˵Һãջϴ辫ˣ߰ˣ߷߷߲ƽ

Ҷһ߰ʰҲû̧ͷҲá

⻰˵߯ܣƵĽܾԼڳҶһĵλֱӯȥͷƳҶñ·æһСĵ㣬ͷ˶

·ųһţĺǰʲôҶ£ǶǵСޡ

׵׶·˱֣ͷͷ׵ۡ

Ҷ𣬡ҵģ

һǰ룬װҶϲı飬·ϾƼ˳ˡ

Ҷ˴СˣôɵС·ϹòʵʱͻˤοڵĻϣһü䣬ҶҲЦһСжã

ЦһǷﱻСһ仰ͺ졣ǣסҶõģСùټӰѾ

룬ӯùòʱʱ̶̿Сߣǣ˵ˣҶϵʱ䣬ȫǹţ
 
лҪ˵
һֱһƪ
Ҷ磬ȥʡǶĻô죿
𣺱ȻǸһȥ



64Ե
 
֪ҶҪȥʡǵʱЩԾҶ˵꾭Ҳˡǰ̳ҶƲʲôʦϢԵ˷ܲ١Ҷ˵䣬ƫƫÿ䶼ĴϣֱҶҲû˵ϻ

ʦͳҶæǰȥʻʦ壬õĻᰡ֮ǰôҶȥⲻá

Ķһ㶼۾ʻȥʲô

ãһȥʡôʦ˵£ʦǰЩӴ绰Ȱģ˵ʡǿ˸ӣĴͽܳҶһȥʡͶ֮ǰûͶ˼ֻ˵Ը徲ĴͽܣܲǷ֡

Ҷʡȥˣʦ廹ģųҶתѧϢ˼ֻˣʦ尡ʦЩĹڵʱ򣬳˵ǰʦ¶أҳҶҪȥʡѧɰһȥ¡

ܣôŻʡǵĶģϱʡǣ

Ҳǡʦе㲻˼ץץͷɶʡǲ̫Զ3Сʱ͵

Ķˣ˵أôôŻʡǣ˼ȫϱˣԼȥɡʱҲˣȥ͸ʦͦõģͷĵš

ʦæ˾仰ʦ⻰˵ģȥҵȻҲܻȥҵչʦ˵ˣʹˣߵиտУʵʵʦЩһֱͦԲס

ҲȥЩ¶ִҲôСˣʦͷϵǼ񴬣ҲôǺˡ

ʦСĵĹ۲ĵɫ۵ģܾʦ廹ڼǺ޵ġ

Щ겻ôʦҪΪͷҲ֪ҵôġҷģɶⱲҲٻȥ

֪̫ʦȥ̾ͻϰ塪̫ʦΨһӣҲǵСʦ塣ϰһ̨ʵضһԳ˺˲ЩʦҲ飬ֱӸ˳Ϊһֻۣɨسŵġ

ҲôЩ겻ϵĬĬţԼʦ϶ͷһҪȥЩƴġЩ꣬ίˡ

ʦ壬ʦʡð̣Լ⣬ϳûϵ

ֻ˵˾ʦ˵û룬ƤͷȻԹһˡ

ͷĴ꣬ģĻҪЩͷһҺĳ࣬ЦҲƺһ㣬ƫƫһӻˮ£̲סְֺޡ

ĿȻȻͼȥЩ¶һ޺ҧʲô

ͷȴһԺӣţȻЩᣬʦܰҵûס㣬Ȼ䵽ҪסֵطӴİǸ͹ؼһܡ

Զ㣬ĭճԼϣˣ˾߰ɡ

ͷ۾һתҲٰˣȥһ㻹ǵʦ֮ǰ˵ǿ顮ʯͷٹ꣬ҾŪˡ

ıĻһüͷ㲻˵İɣǵµһδ򿪵ʯŲۣʦ϶ͷбֻһֱûʲôȥûҶ

ƭʲôҪΪҺοڳﰾôЩꡭͷ۾ʦֵһ뿪ҲܡСʦܿеܵǸӹ䣬ƫƫ㾭𼤽һǾͱΪǵ¶һ֮Ҳ볧ˡƽױǼһ

Ƣʮǰһ󣬡ŰĸˣҲ֪ΪѾǣ˺üʦˣֻẦ˴ңʹ졣

ΪˣСʦܾͲˣͲˣû˻Щʦ˶ģͷҰ죬ôʡһɣСʦܾһǲɢˡǼⲻСʦ˳

˳ôšĵһ۾Բˡʦ汲ѾѪƴĵط˵ŬľѵǼ궼ûһֵĵƤû뵽Ȼ˾ôˡ

ͷҲЦƾʲôСʦܣʦӣʦûˣȻļҵǰڵʱ򣬴һȰһµǿȰסϺɢﻹһ˵㣿ûǼˣǮȥ˾Ͳˡ

ƤӶ˶Ҳû˵ʲôǣЩʦļ£ʲôϵĶˣʦҲûѾûпȥʦˡ

㰡ЩϱϣҲֻϵȥʦܣѹֲ֪Щ¶ͷǷȰģҪȼʡǵɫǶӹ

ĴԼﻺͷô˵ͷһζǸ˵Ȥͷһӵ£̲סǮӣ֪ʿɲߡ

ͷЦһƵģ۾зͲ֪ˣЩ踺ءнڳһɼġûٳԿడ

šüͷô⻰ӦǡûٳԵͷŶԡ

ôȥʡǰҿӰɡҰҶҲӳƣ治ҿ䣬Сǳÿɻˣͷ룬ǰﻰҲ˵һ뾡ǿʯͷĵʦ˼µģܻ¶Ǳߣǰְš

ĳĬһᣬǵͷӦˣҰտŰɡͷ˵ģ̲סҪѹҪȥտҲȸҵǸųɡ

ǸһǸͷ⻰æкܹü۵֮ܰǰʦдĵǸģյ˰ɣ

գ۾Լʦ˼ˣ¶ͳһŵݹȥԶԣҸյʦأʦ壬ʦĹģƪʵⰡ

Ƴһŷӻܻȥƭңּһʦдģ

ͷǷţƤ˼ϣֶҽ̵ģһͦ

ûʴҲ

ͷǰβˣʾʳǣʾˣ

˳Էʾֶ˿£ĺ߻شŪЩаɹƭԿʱ򣡡

ͷʦͽ߳üԲأﺰˡܰʰĶʰˣȻȥ͸ҼǵóҶҲвٶҪȥһװȥʡǰһ°ɡ

ͷֿЦˣԼͽһƣȥȥƤʦָúˣ

ЦòԼʦǶֵȥˣ˳ϱȥ
 


65ͬ
 
ҶбҵӯתѧȥʡǡΪ֮ǰӯ˵ѧѶܣϴϱȥ֪Ǯʱ򣬼˵˼׻

ӯҲ֪Ǯúأˣûȥ

ϴԴ˻ЩԥϾŵҪҶѧѣӯˣЩⲻȥϴϱµҵķڸ⣬ûȳϴ󿪿ڣ˵˼䣬ҸȥˣҶʰˣӯӵ׼ˡУҶϷ˵Ҳȥˣһأ

ųϴɫԼøΪҶѧ³ܣӲϹȥִŵټ˵Щӯ񴩴Ҳͦһ׼˳Ҷ˵ߵʱ˭֪˶ǮҶأ⺢Ӳصʲô˵ҿһҲûΪס

ϴüüͷ죬Ҳֻ̾˿ȥɣڲԸũԺ֪ˡй¶ҶģҲû취

ڷ˵СƫġºԼ߶죬˼ǵҪҲȥʡѧϰδؿϴѧʱڻеͬһѻĿģҲûʲô˼ȥѧֻ˵˵ˡ

ϴϱȥˣ֮ǰû룬ֻϣӯչ˳Ҷ˵˼䣬ﲻԾҲЩԹӯ֮ǰǵӸмҲûˡС۳Ҷȥʡǹɣǿʲݡ

ӯԳϴһҲ飬ԭûˣԼҲСӯСȥ˼ŵǳ̵һ֮Դ粢ǷȻϴϱɫԳϴһұֳ˼֪ҲֻЦǡ

Ҷʡǵʱ죬Ϊ֮ǰҪĶѾǰȥֻļ·ũķȥˣҰţһȥܶЩǮ

ҶϷûʲôֵǮĶֻѳǰϲһˣﻹ̵ģÿƼǰӣܼǰ¶

˵˰࣬רųҶȥʡһˡǰһΣʡǻϤЩųҶת˼㡣̫ȣ·ߵĸߴľǱ̫һ·ϼûˣҲȵ

ȥ˼˹ʾӣûȽƳǷ޹ġΪǰסһδˣϲдЩ绨ѩ¡Ĵʾ䣬ͷһ۹ȪͽȪЩΪ꣬Ȫ϶ЩСϸһ㡣

Ҷͷһγ棬Ƽʲô档ǹʾŵļֻŲ񣬡磡ʦҲһҲһ

ӱƿˮСϸһߣǮҸؼ߰ɣԺӿɲСȥߵġɽǱи˵ҲҲȥһ¡

ҶߣЩᡣҾϸһҲġ磬ҪȥɽĻüȥСù˵߲ȫҪȥ

ߵʱС˵ˣסߣӦˡֻܷſ棬ҡ|

ľҲһӰһǰһţɴҲǣһ顣Զţֵܵܡ۵ܵܣˮԼϣܵԴϱһñӣе㿴ǰ·ߵʱ΢΢ņ̃һ㣬ÿһ֣ͱԱߵĸ۸Ƶٰñܡ

˼ӰѧʵˣȥŪñӣ絹̲סЦ˱߱ģϵ֪˽ееʱԷĻʹչȥһ㡣ԶˣӰϳһ

ϵ׻ڱɽסˡ̫󣬰ꡣһ֣רǸοṩס޵ģСùݡΪžҲɫ㣬ǰլԺһ㡣

ε٣Ҫ˶¥һ׼䣬û뵽˶¥ŷСùݵϰˬʣ֪ģƼΧֵȥĺõطݵҲࡣɽи£ɽϻиС£һȥһ¾ͳɡɽϵǸǰսģûʲôġ

лϰ壬ҲóȥҵطԷƼСùҲܲһҳˡ

ϰܸˣЩҲûʲô˻ϻӺ졣ԼƵľƣһҩƣһˮơҩϲκ轣ϰ˵Ǵ󲹵ġ

һ룬ֻС뱭ƸҶǻʱ򣬱ûջǵģ޲һ˳Ҷ¥ûˣҲ㣬ƫƫҶŪ˴ϽӲľ塣һ㣬һҪ޳ӡ

òУһѱסһƣȥԡҡʱԡһͦªССһ䣬ֻʱṩˮųҶǽ˸ʹ죬ʱ򣬳Ҷ˵

𷴹ʱѾǰҹˣҶĲϣһƵġıǼ⣬ŵСֶһ¡

Ҫˡۡ

𰲸˳˳Ҷĺ󱳣ɿЩðγҲûˮˣֻܵůƿˮҶϴóҶץԼˤһ߸ɾЩƵĺۼһϸǱõú׵ĵطָСеһ£ָⴥĵطȵġ

һϴҶֻĴϺֻûð

ĶͷⶺŪôǣղŲǻ˵ģ

Ҷ۾ﻹˮģ⻰񶼲֪źãҡտʼʱţһֱŪ͡Ͳˡ

Ŷǰ治Ǻ治

ҶԴԽԽͣ޲ðԼҲˡ

Цˣ°ͣǰͦСӾҧһڣԣ»㡣

˰ޣ§һ˯ˡɽҹﻹЩҶʶ˼£˯ˣŻŵһţʱˡ

˯ţͳ¹⻹͵͵ƳҶСĶ䣬ͣôôϲųҶԺʡǶ飬ҲЩ֮ǰﳵΪӳһѣǳʱʱʱģʱ䳤׬Ǯٲ˵Ҫӳ鷳

ͷű˯ŵСָıǼ⣬ʡòã

˯˵ȻûлӦſ˯ţϱ۸ˣմͷ˯ڶ˵ʲôҲ

ʧЦѻС§ЩҲ۾ǾҲʡǰɣһûʲô첻¶
 
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֪ҪߣЩᡣǸ𹲴һ꣬Ҳ֪СֵΪ壬ǸֵýˡӳʡǴ;Ц䣬ܴܵ绰ϵˣʱʱģҼǵܵϸ˰ɣþ֣ȹСӲˣ㲻ۿඣ

ӳҲϤֻֻЦЦûǲ³ҶӲֻСԺɵøˣίչ˲ȫԼ˼Ŀ꣬ˣǾСݱȽϿɿҵر죬ʳΪ죬ȱĸҲȱԵġ

Ȼ֮ǰҲϵȻȵǮ̫ڻƵǮʱҺüзⶨڻǮҶѧѲóֻҪŪѵĻǲѵġǶҪҲߣܻԽԽá

öע⣬ӳӳ֮󣬾ȥʡǡѡʦѧ͸һϿ˼СݣƸĳʦСæʦû˵С嵣ֶӣȸʦһĹǮ˵Ϊ

С嶼ˣһǰЩ¶СԽмİɣС

֪ǳˣбˡСֶӵļľһСˣԸ￸¾͸绰ûɶΪģ˿

ӦһҲЦˣ֪

Сݿŵʱø϶졣ΪæĴʦյһֺôˣСĲɫҲԴΪֻǵ˳Բ߻һָơ

ʺϳСʵݣһҲ8ԪصĸˣǮ¶ʦԼЩݲˣɿڣÿ۳ԵĹǱ˶һС껹Ի̡

ĴѧѧǶԣǴѧѧУʳˮ٣ӡСݱȱҪɾ㣬ξͳ͡

ݱ֮ǰܳҪۣһ̰ڵĸǰ׼ãɻûһʱϷȻЩЩÿ˵Ǯٳɶ࣬Ǻгɾ͸еġ

Ҷʵѧ߲ԶվܵϢҲСùӯ֪ȥҲʱҲóҶһԷҶתʱ룬ˮȥһأһ˳˶ٷԺûȥ

СùǱһСȫסһǳȥҲ档³Ҷᣬһ£°ͿʼŪҶԺɣ˴Сùͣ϶ɡ

Ҷڰժǣͷȥβæ⻰һʱӣü֣Сסһ㣬Сùüסһ㣬ʦסһ㣬סһ㡭ԼҲ̫ȥСùϾӯżסһ̫࣬ȥ㡣

˹ЦֽʹɷµĸҶ滮˰졣˵˵ЦЦǮ´һ㡣

ǵøǸԶԶġű롣

ΪʲôС׷ˡ

Ϊ̫󰡡۾ЦĲ⡣ÿضô̫Ҳˣ

Ҷ죬ӵһš

ĴӦͷչӣȥ֮󣬲ŷģֻװ˿ҡһͨ绰ȥһͨǱװźŲãι˼͹ˡڿյⲽû취ɴС

ʦŪӣͷʲôûУôѵһߵһǿˣ

ʦܲŭʦ壬СĻ˼䣬ʦ壬ǧӾͲֵˡʦƭҲһˣ۲˰

ıοĻðɣ˦ˣ

æЩӣӿˣͷڷŵĶ˹ϵŪĶôӣûѹסɲɡͷǿŵģİѸ¥ʰɼңͷ˫̥ǡ͵

һʮСøɾƯʵϲӴһı㣬һĴ󱳰ԴϵñһģվڵſĶͷҡ

磬ɣ

Ƭϵһ

㿴ңҿ㣬ԥ£߽ȥʦ磿ʦ磬

ʦڸ¥ϲذ壬¥ϤĺæСģС䣿

ͷϿСЦø仨Ƶģ¶СһСʦ磡

ȥһһǱ˵ת˸Ȧʲôʱ򵽵ģôûҴ绰ʦҲˣ

С£ϣСܣְû˵ҪѵϳǹҲһ

˵ͷ˾ǵʱҲˣǸɿˡſڿһۣûƼӰ»һҴ绰ⲻǼܡ

СġСһͷԵòˣգЦˣʦ֪ǲܸ绰ְ˵Ҫ⣬~

Ҳˣֻ棬ñӲ˲СһҲ˼䣬Ǹðͱˣ

ĳŻƼӣҲһѣһû뵽ͷĶӲʮһͷΪӵĳࡣǸʦĳྐྵȻôһԺÿĺӣ֮⡣ҿ˫̥˵ҲģģȻ̵ĺǶǺͷ˰˸Զĺ˼ҵĺӰ

ĴǼϽȥһ٣ǽӷˡϴһ¾ϢˣϾһĳҲˡС§һź˯ţһ¶ú壬̫ˡ

ĳܽеһʻʦôģ֮ǰʮ߰˵ĴˣҲû׼ŪСģѧɣ

ԥ£Ǹ˵ˣǳбҵ֤Ѿõˡ

գգ۾ɫ࣬ʦļ֤

ܺٺЦˣ֧֧Ҳû˵ȻɣϲѧһʦİɣӴأ

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СġСһ֪ǵĵȡֵʱ͵ˣһһȡʵ̫סмáСűڷܣѹ׶û顣

ЩֵܽʮһġⱲϣǣܸĸ֣ʵڲУмǸСȥҲɡһ㣬ͷǲͬġ

ͷ˵ˣСġСֶðƣһֵ˵ˣӵͷô֣ôͳɷˣôˣ

˵ˣԼ͵ˡ

ֵﲻô˵ˣӵҲֻܴԴˡ

û֣䡣

ֵһİãϲμӱϲнıտʼǵܱϵԽתʴÿضõЩƷһֽӡšĳĳнͷӵһţдŹϲ֪ʶһͬ־ãСӻŴܳŷٿǮǳȥˡ

ԸȻڻ¡С϶ٻŴͷ֡СĺãרŸĿСѧãȥѧһٷ֡ͷƫƵʱѾˡ˷ֿɼãǺǾ޵еġ

ٱֵóľģ¡ģ±һֲŻô˼ƷдǷ϶ģµ߰˷ƣʱգٵĸ֡ȻҲͷĵĵط

ԼѾǺܹʵˣɲԼ͵͵һӣٻ̫ˡͷ˺ܾãǾʦɵʦ̵СѧһѺ֣ǾͿôָˣͷҲǿԼʦܣѶӺޱи˳ȥ

ʦֵܶ˼ʮ꣬ˮݵģ׵ĺܣֵûʲô𣬶ǿи˵ġ

ֵһƳͷˡĺӣ̺ˣǰ;пΪ

ֵܵĸʵͷϺõʯιģһֵգû˵ȻСϵľ㣬Ҳֻʱ⡣ڹ۲ϵʱȻûҶ׼۹ԱȳҶá

ֵˣҲԼͽѹ뵱Ϻ϶ѳСɽһ͵ǰȻ϶ͽ֡żû죬ȥݡݻиʦܣⱲӾͺƤһˣ˵ʲôҲŪϻЩשϡ߽ϣôɡ

ˣӺӾ͹ܺͳҶϡСĺСҲĲָҲ֪ʦһѧϰҶȻͷһӣССֵܺҶһСʦ硣

ҶÿǻһЩСĵʳֵܣֳĶڳļǿҶٷСԽĻһһСʦĺš

ҶûؼңԭСݺͷܣܵĵиɴˡһС˸һͳԵͣ㡣

óԣСʦȴʦǿˣ

أʦҲóԣʦÿⶼҧ

һ͵⣬⻰ҲЩգǰ̽ŹƵ˫̥ʾǶЩʦˣСʦɾͲˡ

˫̥һİİˮӲ⣬Եøˡ

ҶСļ˵ˣᣬʦˣҲǳɣǺǡԴֵ֮ҲࡣϺ˵ʱҲͦ˼

Ӹտţûʲô⣬ǼʦֵÿҲֻǸϰ

˫̥ͳҶ׽ÿ춼ëֽųҶһд֡Сԣд˾̵ݸҶ۰Ͱ͵صСʦ佱

Ҷʱ䲻̣һ۾Ƴ˫ּ̥ʦ֣ȻǰͷŤŤмһ򵥵ġȷʵĵֱʣβ΢΢ĵطĵõһԱȣҲֲʲôġ

˫̥ųҶüͷҲЩСʦ磬ǲѧʦдֶ𣿡֮ǰͷģ¡

ҶСһŵӣæǵͷ£ģϰģҲǷʦֿʼİû¶

СҧͣǺܣҡдá

ôдã⼸дĺܺðҶһߺǣһСıдոģֵӦûƼٶϰ֡

˫̥ģһԣƼģѧһϵ֣ûһģ˸߰˰ˣʮԼһǽץԭֵϡȻɬɶϰ£˷ֲ

γҶЩԾˣϵֱʷҸԲķ𼫴󡭡֮ǰǴɣôֻ˵˫̥й֮

ЩСƫƫܳ裬ͷİҲһûйϵǱܣͻ¡

Ҷ룬Լд˼֡˫̥ӦһдĶǹؾصķ顣ֻǵּܻ᲻մȾϱ˵ӰӣдԼķ

дҲһǡֻдСҲЩɥԴдȥˣę̈ת

СĻһţôĵġܵġҶģǲԼġأСĵԴҲȥ¶ʣֻд˵ʲôðңǵҲǣģģԼһѹܿ

ˣͷ̧ɣǽûġȻд֣ȥ񣬿ûʱ䷢Ҷ֪ôοӣﲢųģҪľǺúϰʲôı£Ŭɾˡ

Сʦ磬ǲģ±ˡС̧ͷųҶһ˫ίǽ᳭Ϯ˵ĶҲٹŶġ

ҶʧЦѧӣСϵһ£٣Ǹղŵְʮͷһ񣬿ɼģ

ֵ£֧֧ĽͣûǰдıںãǡЦǣڱ˵ְֵĻǲ˿ְ֣ûٶϰˡ

ʦҲ֪£߹ο˫̥䣬Щ˺˵Ǽأô첻ģ԰ɣСģСľٸһ㣬СʱƵĺ档

Ҷϸ첲ϸȵĿɾٲС䣬űһ£ǿܱСһѳҶ滹ת˸ȦЦͣ

ҶЦãֲҶС䣬ֻܿȰСҷ㻹СŸ첲

СǸĺӣСʦ緢Ȼհ졣ѳҶ£СҪʦܱߴףҲƲĸһᣬʦȥǰͷտӣҶС֡

ͷһ̨Сĵ̻ҽõС̨ʽϸ²ֵĵ̱ȽϷ㡣ߺ٣ŪĴ󲿷ϣӴͳʣಿ֡ɫ࣬Ҳޣ⼸ó㣬ЩõСѼӵҲʡ

Ҷľ֣ϵֻѾӽ깤ΪޣֻؾŪëСѼӣֵ̬ܸ֡һϵϱǰͷҵĲ˲֪ٱһһ۵档ӹ۲쵽ߣⶫֵ٣óȫ˼˿

ҶԱʱʱָһ£ϾֻľࡣֵҲҶָΣͶˣȻǷųҶģÿֻϵĲ̬ͬ졣

ҶʯСѼӣ˫̥ǿ֮ţϿ佱Ǽ䡣

˫̥ССʦ佱ԼֵЦ۾϶ڿˡǸӰǰ治öҶɴóԼȣ˼֧ʺϵĸСĺСֵá

ֵ۾ɴˣҲͷ˵ײȱȫıʦүءСĽӹõʱ򶼲ʹɾҲȻ٣ȷǷı

С֪ĸҶģõʱ򶼼ӱСģ¸ҶŪˡ˼˵õĵŹǣʹкʹأ

СûôҲûҺã˰ְҲⲻǹģӦãСӣҶ¶һЦɰˡСʦ磬ã

ҶԴҲһ֧һáѾ׹ˣ֧ĽʱǴӼӷʼһ֧֧ۼһ֧֧ݼҪľЧٵĹߣḻƷ

Ҷѧʵһ㣬ꡣϸ⻰һ㶼٣һ˳޷ﵽŬͻñȱ˶Ķĳɹ



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ѧˣǸЩסкʹѧʦҲЩ㣬Сչ

ûũֻȥ̽һΡȶֻһȦ˫հݽȥ

ڵӣﲻܣ﷢¶˵¡ڲڳˣԼȥʡǿ˸СݣѧУͦȫҲͦġ֣ңСһҺչңҲˣá

Ц£֪Сܸɡ

ۿЩ죬ͷ

𣬰ǮպˣѴͻˣʡţ֪𣿱̫ίԼָ˵

ʱûаǽֻмªеˣѾǽƤƾ̽ҡĴˢųƵɫΨһʹĴֻͷϷƬ죬ҲķģԶûһɿԡ

úø죬ȡǰȥһžۡҲֿˡֿԼӣʲôڻˣҲЩͷСҼΣɶûƼ衭ԭ𣿡

Ĭһᣬ֮ǰС̽ʱֵǵȻҲ¶ûʲôǿҲЩˡ

ܿ׵ֱӣ۾һ䣬ͦá

һ䣬΢ЩҲûȥ˵һСỰԷúչԼ˵ЩůӵĻȥĶҲˣЩҪ飬ûܷȥ

ģ紵ۣǾʲôĶͷ»ɵ죬ѩˡ

ѩáô׵ѩƬƬظڵϣסۻ͹ûܹһʲôƽˣǸҲ˵ļ꿪ѩˣѷѿһоֻˡ

ֻҪţܻЩͷĲǣ

ϻʡǵʱѾǰˣҲѩ·ϵĽӡʵġûСݣֱȥӽӳҶ첻һڼңյʵůͲ

СġСֵſڶѩ棬ѩµûǼŪ˰ֻŪСѩˡһ۾ϳĵϵѩܽȥҶСʦ磡Сʦؼ

ӳҶСһˣʱˣҲϰˣһƼͰȥгҶ

Ҷߵʱ˫̥᲻ãĥĥųҶڲߡСʦһҪǵùǵ㡭

֪Сչ˳ҶÿƼЩ˼㿴ҶÿɣְǴɨ̫鷳ˡ

Ц£Ǹӣвסǵæž̹Ҳһͷ˳Ҷһۣ˳ָΧáͷѩˣŪߵ㻤ס䡣

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˫̥ѧͳҶӸ˴ñӺë׵ĻûһһţѻŪԷ۾סˣЦͣ

ųҶû죬üëСҲϰˣȻǰЩܵǶԵġ

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ΪţҶҲͷϿǣ񿴲ˡĵƱũĶϵǡ

ˣԴҲǰҶﳵؼҵӡ

е㡣ҶŤͷ𣬡ȥ

Ҷʮܱ꣬һҪ˵ʲô޷ǡȥǾͻȥ粻ȥǾͲء

ȥϣ˵ˡ

ʧЦԼһ£ʲô¶ҵİȥҾʹȥųҶһԼı飬룬ǶҪɣȥ꣬ȺȥСҿҲȥ󲮸ʺ¡

ݵĴʦ˵Ҳϼңǽһꣿ

һꡣ

˻صСݵʱ򣬷ݵĴʦѾˣ˱סһϲ¹ҹ

Сŵ˴ƽʱڹ̨һ࣬ϾóСſáǸСʵǵõģʰ£˸ӣϰڿǿܰ۵ȥƽʱֵҹСȫѪģҲҪš

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С¯ͷǵڶҪõཹཱུð㡣

ƿǿ£ӣѾ̰ɫˣһͺʳһСʢЩҶһȡ

ҶԼ룬ܾˣǵһһڵιźȣŪóҶЩ졣

磬ҶˣԼܺȣ

󶼵ҵġ𲻹Щι˼ף˼㣬С·ϡ

Ҷû취ֻܰſںСʱȹţ̡̣ǲų⡣ʳʲôУ˺Ҳů͹ˣֻǴ󲹣Щá

Щʹ죬ֲ˵ⲻųҶĥ˻ᡣտʼ˵˲ȥûһָͲʵȥˡָĹĵһᣬҧųҶĶĥ䵽ķҪһΡҶ֤ˣԣһΰҾŪһΡ

Ҷԥ£ЩɶǱ߾׼ᣬڲдȦģĶʱʱĶײһ¡ҶӶˣҧֲз϶ȥʱ嶼һ̧ˣ͵

ߵҰǰЩһֱæòϢ˼죬вĵһȥЩػȥȣʪ󡭡ֱȥ

ҶҶ̲סˡҴ˳Ҷһڣ§СʼͦôҲһΣС

š

ҶסؿڵСֲڵ꼸£ӲӲ༸£Ҳ˵Ǵ̼ϸСĵӿȫ̲ס磬𡢱Ūˡ

Ҷ֣ܿССͻֱาǡͷȶȺоԶƸ̼ʱʱһڣֱҪ̲ס﷢

ǰεʱҾͷˡﺬСͻ⻬£ÿﰡҶ

ҶѾڴˣȫ¶ס˽ܵĵطҲռ
ţϻЩУѾʵ˷Ӧ

̧ߣ±СҲЦˣųҶĶԼҿòã

ҶϷ죬һۣȥߣû£͸оڲŵĶʹˡҶ̿ˮȥĶȫЩ

£ͦڳҶǶϣʼԽҶԽţһνһΡʱ֧Ųסȫ緢ڳҶڡ

ǹģҪͻȻô£ٳһᣬЩա

ûУҡҲҶͰ͵ı⣬û˵ͱӵصСʲôɣղǸ㣬ǵһء



ɶ㻹ҼôȻỹǲǣ

ûУƤ㡭šţ

ҶҶҡҵĶ԰ɣ

۸˰ˣͱ׵ط췢ףɤҲЩ΢΢ɳƣһԼϲϲģҲŬȥõġο¶ԼҲͦġҶֿʼ̣Ժһֱ硣

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ʱ򣬳ҶǱСùӯӲȥԷӯǴӣôʵڲġȻܻӦǴֵСӣסڼ

ӯ֮ǰóҶԼҡҶûӦֻ˵Ǳߴ򹤣һҪȥǱߵӰæʵûʱ䡣

Ҷ֮ǰһֱҪӯǮӯѧѣѡӯҲ֪кӶǿҲкûǿǮҶҶҲҪһ㣬ıһҲС

ÿȥЩˮƷӯƼһһΣһˣôִǮùæüˣȻȥ

ЩҪ˵ʲôˣӯһϾǶԳҶõĹùãҲĳ¶ⲻҪӯһءԽǽһˣԽ³Цҿһӯ˵ʲôӦһǡ

ӯԺǸסһģһסڵλֵĽְ¥ҵķӣôҲͦӵӯ˵ͦϲҶվſڲҽæЦǺǵкǣɣСӯľͲҪ˵

ҶſڵĴ߽˸ԵСԵ˶Ӳˡ

һǣһ߿ӣһ߰ӡ˵Ӿ͸ɻһģ

ӯĹŶǽʦѾˡͷ̫̫Ƣãʲô¶ϱȥܡ̫̫ͦϲרѹƤǼ˶Ǻãⶼܰİ

С椰ԼСϰҲΧڲ輸ϣ̸ţȥ

һѹõĽƤӡʾ̫ˣСӰƯСſ˰죬һھҧȥ

үүһæСóšŮһմ۵СһĹԼ׼ǶˣղӦιӵġȸһȥǰŰ

ͷֹãҲˣֺǺǵزɾȥһԵŮһлСѧŴһظһһڡ

С椸չգǺʱ򣬸үүѧ죬һһһԼŻ˵˼䣬ǲϺúѧĩ˶ƣСүүાһڣЦźˡүү

ӴӴͷ۾Ҳ֣ȫûǰѧʱϸҪ

̫̫ϽӾƼүּ߹С椿Ǻл޵ͷæ߹ͷһ飬һŪһ鱧ԹͷӣôүүôСĶú氡һԽȥô졭

СŲӳ˹ȥһڣЦ¶һС̣桭ͷǾ仰ҧǻԲСֱȻˡһ롣

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ҶæˣӶ﷭ǸС椣Сſˮְ裬Ҫ

ӯͷŰɣлл磡

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ҶֽЦеιСųԣȥ

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Сˣͷڶ˰죬óԼͦ˼سٺЦ

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͵͵ƳҶҶͷӣֻƼؽë΢΢ȶҲ˿˿ġ

ôÿϲѵһ˶ܴ룬ͼľԲʲôǲҪˡ

˲ܰҹСҲֱ۾һȥ˯ˡ˵ҪȥӯӦ˵˲ȫѿɳƴ£Ūһűȵ˴ԿЩĴͳҶպһ

ӯ䣬˴ӸǷɳϡǿӰɣһҲأ˵㣬Сͬ־Ŭ˷һ°ɣǺǡ

ҹҪŵƵģųҶһ˯ֱͷɴѵƹˣͿŵӣСҶűӣûһ˯ˡ

Щ˯ţ˺ܶ¶ͷԼбڵֻڵʱΪϲҪͨһʱҲһůͣһžۣΧһӡӡ

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Ҷ𣬰λŶһ

ܹţڳҶһڣȹȥ㡣

ҶñӾסҲûƼûУ֪ˡ

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ССطЩͷһէ¶ҲֻΧС̷һЩνıѡѣƽﵹҲûֳʲôìܡ

һæϵĻ·׼ȥˡæĴʦѾˣкôʦ꣬гˡ

𺮼ֻ㣬ԼĲʵûʲô࣬᲻óҶۣһֱû׼緹Ĳϡشʦһ˺Щ߲⣬С⻹û׼绹һء

гϴŵĶ٣ǰﶼװˣߡû߼ߵεεİƳһۣæá

˵ĵطһϣﰤһɵʮ·ڣȽ϶ࡣϳнͨʱŹ·󿨳ܵĴ󿨳·治̫Ϥ߽·͸ƽˡͷװ̲ܲ࣬ܳһ󿨳һŲţ

·ҪխЩס󿨳һһƣ·϶ÿûţ˴ᵹˡ
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ƼڿߵгǳһֹƵĴֲž̫̫߶İˡ˿ƹгȥ׷ٿԶĿ

˾ҲӺӾ￴˵һĻ飬ͣûͣǰͷ

Ӻͬﳭ˽·ȥ׷ϣ˾Ҳˣ˲·治ƽŻŵĿ·һͷŵܻü·߻ȥʰû˵㲻֮ƣ˺ϻһܡ

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ҧǷŶʦվߣȥҽԺëЩӣһҲĲˣ

Сͷһΰˡֻ¾㲻ţƼһݵӡƿҲҽȥ

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˵·ľͳȥ..үƢͲʮֺã⼸ǹһֱѹȥ񱻻ëߣ̲סˣ

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統³ͻȻҲϸĸһ;̼û˵ԼΡֻ˵ԼȥҪæϲɲ겻ϸ׾ҽԺ첻ˣǰ˼ҲֻüҴҼϸһ档

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ҶĺԵѧУӵӣҲʶˣʱСѧͽ̼䡣

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ԼĴ㣬ֵЩͦ࣬ǿϹԹȴࡣҪһõĶĿҪһ˳ӵ֣ǲѡ̫̫綼ҪЯһѵġЩȨΪ¶˵ɡ

Щ˻Ǳϴ֮ǰĹҪ룬Ϊǵһ㡣û˻Ϊ·ȨǵĲҪϡмҵСѵ𣬵˲⣬Щ¶СС֣Ǽע̬ȡ

ȳӰǵһվ̬ˡ

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˷꣬ȳӰ˵ôһЩ¶ϴƣ㲻ҪģԼľǡ

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һߴ绰ųҶæˣΧñһšͦ䣬ߵͦԲСľ׸ð

·ǵļ˴ҴҶǼŻؼҵģķ紹ۣŷ߶۾ѳů򿪣һðŻ

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ҶҡҡͷˣСøһףǰ͵ѧУȥ

Ŷһָڷ£ǾӦЩʲô˰죬飬ǣȥɣ

Ҷе㲻ף磬㲻մʦǽôȥ

˰ԴЦˣһȥ֪ʲôʱܻһ˲ȫкʱס

ҶûĥĥؾȻȥסһֻ첲䲻һҶ¶ԺѵôˣҶٶŪÿЦá

Ҷҿء˵˵һ˿һƿ˼ûС

Ÿ첲ѵСִһأ᲻ߡͷϸѩ£ҷ׷׵ıɫ̸һƾֽ쬵ġ

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СһȵĿʦֿҶҧָͷģʦ壬ΪСʦȴҪ

Сû˵ֻǳʦ˸ųҶЦʺá

һûҲˣҲôáķˣֻίίʰһӲо֣ϧһֺƣѵó4

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С¥ܣһͱһµСľͷӣеľ㡣СҲˣ˫̥ܵҪľһЩҲͷȳҶ򿪣ϵĺһֲ١Сʦƣÿ˶˺ӣҺС֮ǰڲ£Сʦ׼ǵĺã

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Ϊ⴮魺˵ִȥ·Щʹ죬ƼҶǶϴʱɫĲ㲻ǲϰϴϻҸıҲûôˣ

Ǻ˵񣬵ÿţʱ䲻ˮֲ׸ѡҶĬĬİִŻСľϧϧЩ̵ĴС鴮ȻԼˡҶСĿտյģֻһӡǽʮҲҰȥ

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ߵֻͶһѳҶ׵׿һ飬̵Լζͺۼ߰ߺۣȳҶҧϵĿɺݶˣھ
 


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ʦŶ˵Ҫһйصĳƺţ겻ͬⲻֻһ֪˵˵ˣһߵġ

Уͷ֯ģͷˣԺλҲˮǴߡͷһعҸ䷢֤飬иְͷٷϿɵˡҪǸĽߣ˵ϵĲȫµӽ֪ѧĴа࣬ר

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룬ֿȰϴθ˵Ǹƺŵ¶ҾЩ˼ҾǸа࣬񻹲ȱ˵ѧУʦ̵ĺòãֻҪһ˼ںͷһѣгɲ˵ģ

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Ķˣȡɫʣάϵ۶ҲʵݳޡҪ֪ʽȡرѣһһģֹɣעɫϵͳһгĲ˵һֶ񹤾ǰһλϡ

ʦһϸп֣ʦ磬ҪʦھͺˡҼǵʽѧʱʦǵİɣʱû棬Ƽʦôôһ֣ȣĶӺĳ

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һǹżҵүӣĵʦϤҲʦֵܼչģԽʦֵܶ˴ġϷСΪ͡ʦСİα֮ǰˣ

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ҵĹƸ߸߹ûЩһСķϡ͢⹬һó֡

ҲɣϺðʵأͷŲɫӰ㲢ûۼģֹ

վڹƵµ΢ɫıȴЦеģǺþòʦ硣ʦƼۣȴҲ⣬ֻǰ⹬ͺűһ顣񡮽ڽڸߡһյ24.6֣17.5֣ɫ棬Ƕ顢ʯ

µֱ˶ţһ㰲һ֡

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ƺƺмֿеӰڶ飬һ˽

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Ľһϲʦĳⲻ˫׼в㣬ѵõȡһͷ۶û䶯ϾˣǾˣڲڱֽƫƫڲͼ໥ӳͷ߶һ㡣

Ϊѡ磿

ȿȣλʦš˵ҵĵΰʦչʾˣͷĵƴ𡣡ǶԴαǼΪӣϼҵ׶ĵˣϣϣ˵䣿

żҺͽҵͷӶ˵ǵͰ˼ʦϣóһǰˡżүӻ˼һ˻ȻȲʦ˸ȴûԼȸҲ

ʦȨûںЦ仨Ƶģ˵˿졣ãã

үӲңֱӵ˳û˵ǱȲû˵ĸңøĶͷô

ʦӣЦŵģƵҲǰʦ֣֣óҲǿԵİɣ

үû뵽ôƤĺһߵһȥٿȥ

ҲЩò׼ʦʲôͼ

ֱĲЩס

ΧǰиҰ񡰲ߡƣĵϷиżҡҡȻҲС췽ܴûһΣֻǸǰѡ߶䷢ʦʸ֤飬ѡʮʦҲԲ

ʦ籧֤ҵģǹϲǵأƣʦ˵ʲôţֻҪʦһ֣ûа첻ɵ¶ǺǣҪʦھͺˣ˼Ƽܶø϶˵ֱ䡭ʦ翴۲ԶºͱΧסĹƣɫЩȻϧεþݣȻҲǺõģʡʦһѪ˼ˡ

ЩţҪʦҲˣ

ʦ˵ͷһĸпܴҲǴּǮˣµѾûмˡ

ʦҲЩѹǱϾʦЩۼ֤ǵĻԻͣʵڲζ

ҲգһعҲʦһءҸЩί˵һÿܺСġСֵһȥʦ°˵˼䣬ֳգգۣƼļû
 
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ѡΪ5죬˰佱һ֮⣬󲿷ʱ䶼ݽҲȥԣû׼ȥźѹѹȺҲţﶼ߬һѺеĴ󲿷ͷ¶ˣﱻôϳ֮벻Լͷ˵ɶ

ʦͷȻҲȥ¾̸֮Ĵ󲿷ǱʦҲйͬ⡣ʦ署󣬻Ū˸Сۣһʱպҡ

ĵľѧУ¶ĿľΪ˳Ҷȵ췽˵ˣõȵʮ·ݲܸȷ֪ͨ

ͦżҲסʰ˶ͻȥˡǰֻ߳ҶμӸѡû˵ѧУ¶˵ˣҲİ첻úӰ׸һʮ³ľͿʼţƼͱֽż˶סʼ䣬Ū˼ҶʶˡȵʮѮõ֪ͨź

һűֽ򵥵֪ͨóҶʮһ³ȥZѵſֿŰֽӡųҶ֣¶Цģæ绰ȥ֪ͨҶǴͨˣֻ˰û˽ӡĥˣ׼ǳȥû

˰죬Ҷ˵绰ʦˣǳȥԷţûң

ĿĹӣüⶼϾŵˣôųԷ

绰ͷ֧֧ᣬһʱҲ˵ȸ˵˶Բ𣬡ʦҴˣ»һȳԷ

ĶƢͽܷô˵Ҳ᲻Ϊӣˣʦ˷θۡˣҶһ°ɣе¶㡣

ҶӦһе֣ʦһȥϿΣȥɣ

⣬װģĿһãˣ˯ֱӹѧУǱʦȥ١

Ҷļ仰˵ϡͿǴӦȵ˵绰ĥ̲סԱߵˣ磬˵ʦҪ˵ʲôͷһذȥѧУ١

ְ˱һɳϣͱôˣҿˣʦ˵Զ˯ųҶһڣ̲סȥﷺӡӣۣ

Ҷû㣬ʵش𣬡ˡ

ϲڴϷŪˣҶһ㲻ʲôҲ˵ʲôԱˣһ

ڻ˶£ĵͷֻȥáҲˣ¶ʼĲ뺦ߣͱ֮ܵķʽ

Сӿ죬סڣ˵С׵÷ŷſȻԼųҶĶС˵˼䣬ʱû࣬һ˫ˮ۾֪㡣

Ҷ¶ѧ֪ôַߣЦҧסһָͷҲߣܲһֱŰɣղŲǽ̹𣬵ȻԼһ飬ѧûС

Ҷ嶶£֮ԳԷˣΪ𡰽̡̫ϸ£ʱ䡣ղŵ˶̫ңϵĺۻδüȥļ䣬̲סֻĸо

߰ɡһѱȥĶǳ硣ñӲ˲Ҷģ˵ĻҲѵõ塣㣬ô죬һֱš

ҶԽ˧޵Ц⣬Ǳʲôһ¡ۣһ󷢻ţԽԽңҪʲôסܰ

ŵϵʱ򣬳Ҷקסĸ첲׳ĸ첲Ĳͬ͸ƤȶҲЩšҡ

ôˣսѯʵһ͸ŹģһֱСĺǻ۰ֳˡ

һˡСҶĸ첲קק۾磬ߡ

ĽëڷϵļԺԣһˣʲôҪˣҾ㣬Ժضܼΰɡ

ЩЦζĻĶȴǿƶԵüëգҪһһ𡣸մòõﱻ£۵.ڴֲڵظŪһ˿˿.С

ҶЩ㱣֮ǰҲչ˵̫ãδԼ

ҧһڣָ̽лʪ˽ܴĽʪϵģסǺ룬ϸϸ䶯¡ɵ㡣

ҶŵζȫǱסϻȣҲԽԽ졣ָԼˮҶ۾ҲʪˣС֡

ٽͲǳҶܿƵˣֻǵøտʼԼҪϣıŪ˶ԴһƬֻ汾ȥٺͼǲˣƺ˯ȥʱѹϵ˻δ㣬ǳǳĴֹ̽ﱻĦù̡

ҶʱЩֶ˵ĸоٳϣڴһᡣ˽ֱۻƹѹؿڣҶȻˡˣѹֻ

ƴǰֳ˼֣ŻгߵơǾܵĹϵɫҲǽСɫҶĸ첲ʮµɲů͡

ȥͱֻ͵ϮˣļһĿĲڳҶǰظˣ

Ҷֻ֣̽ͷȥСϵӣ˵룬˯ɣ첻𡭡

ںЦųҶ˲䣬˯ˣһӹ๾Ľл˰ɣȥԵ㶫

Ҷ£
 
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83Ըȥ 
 
ҶȥСݼ򵥵ĳ˶緹æСҲʱûˡ׵ĶʦƼϰæݵĽףóԡʦָ̬˲٣һ˿޶ҲûУСӹ൱ģϰ壬ʱ൱ãëָ˰æ˵˰ɣ

һ˸ɳ˳Ҷͷ˵ˣʦ첲оˣ̫ţȥްɡ˿С࣬Ǹֲ˼䡣ŶʦҲˣ˵ֶţҪȥϣǺǣǺ£ǵͷҸտסʦٲҾͦ᲻ù

ʦԱЩⲻȥæͷӦЦмԺӦõģӦõģֶӷǵһȥϣǺǣĴߵҲϡʵˣͼԲТҾ֪ˡ

΢΢£һĨЦȴЩࡣ뾡ԼǷТģڼһùÿļ̽ҲﲻʲôĸסƺܾûƺҲ׼ٳƺˡֵĸסˣͲˡ

⼸Ѿʹ¶ˣôʱ䣬㹻һʲôÿȥ֣ԸǸŮˣҲŹڡĻ⣬֮ĬϵĽɡһ˼Ǻޣɺƴƴ֤Լܻĸãһ˲Ըȥ룬ԸԼĹȥҪٴˡ

뱻ߣ£ͿԱߵȥʢһȺ࣬·磬ˣӵȵĺȰɡ

ﱻǸ״Сůţ۾Ҳָ¶ȣá

ʱ仹ԣ˳·ȥ˾˵¶ë͵ƼһСܵĹëƼҶڳæ˵˼䣬𽻴߰ĿɲóҶ

꣬ɫЩ̫ã˳ûë·¶Ҳ̫ˣҹȥơ

ëæںͷƢģ˼䣬ǣǣȳǹˣǾʱҲܰװڹ

˼ֻعԿװѳˣԶҶ³֪𣡡

ҶŲͷڵˣͷϰµʵڲڳ˾֮󻻵ĵڶԱ֮ǰĺãһɺŵ³Ƥζů֮ͣǰĿյ㣬ֻëҲ䡭ЩƴġӲ˵ͷ£ҲûëǶ죬ǳҶ֪ж಻סҶԼ˫֣ͻȻԼͦûá

Ҷڳ˺һᣬֱһŻع

һ˳ͷҲûƼëǡҶСĵȷû˵ĺۼЩ졭

ʲôأü˳ųҶ²ӣһҶ˵СצҲݵģץʹ죿

ҶЩ̣ҡҲǵˡ

Ц£ҲټϷŪ黹

ҶЩ֣磬㲻ˣëߵʱҪˡ

һôçײˣڱǰӦеӣԻԷ㶮

ҶûͷԵĻ˵Ի˭

ϵһǣųҶŵˣô࣬סˣӽ˻ë˴ҵ㣬³ȥ֪𣿡

ҶԴӦһ۾ﶼỨ־ȴǰˣ񣬵ۡ

һ֪ͨȥѧУҶ˼٣ѧУ¶ҲȽӣZصѧҶܿȥѧУѧҲкôѯľ֪ڶĴа̬Ҳ൱ûһͰųҶתȥس࣬ȥԣöѧרҵڶ

ʦŻЩ᲻ãҶǰɼôȥ࣬˵ڶûҲһ׼ܿϺôѧġʦЦһ仨Ƶģмֲζ

ĿɲЩϲ̵ظУ쵼Ҷת˰༶ҶȥZѵҲ͹Ҹ괺ѧĻΰˡԭѧУ¶ǻѧնʦͽܣҲûѧУڵ֪س࿼ɼͻѧɼʱˡ

ĻСѯسʦسԴѧûӰɣ

ʦæûУûУѧسǺ¶ܰ׺ͰõѧõĿѧȻˣڳҶƷѧŵĺѧԸõѡһصѧ

˰죬ʣܵʦ𣿡ǻǵãҶ뿼ʦѧУʦġ

سʦЦˣңҲʦҵҲǸżС̹أ
ķˣЦǺǵİѧУصӵʱ򣬳ҶǸյſˡЦĿģīҲڸǲסЦƣҶˣɡ

ҲЦʦЦЩԾһôаƵİȻܾǰũʱҲôֹһΡǴκΪֳȥ½Ӵ˼ʯͷǴ˵Ҷȥ½ơ̲ס߾裬һӵٿɶգܸ˵¶ҲйأгҶû׼ǴҶȥ½ʮǧģŲ׼

ҶʦνкϢ㡣벻ȥ鰡ЦеĿ˿ڣ˵Ļֱϡ

ʦȥ飿ƫƫԱߵı˻һۣ˵ãҶµֿ˿ڡҪתѧҲѧá

İڰ֣óҶ˵ϴʦȥϱߣҲûü˵ʵǸѡиͽȥѧϴаࡣŶˣаడʦ̹ĻΣҲʦרŽ󡣱ҵأҲܵʦҶԸȥ𣿡һ䣬˵ŵ

һ߳ѯʣ壬ѧУĶֱȥǵȿԣ

¸ȥѵȻ濼Բܽȥⶼڶһ׼ܽǵطеԶSУǱߵZСĿԼСͽܣīƲʲôȵ񣬵ڴǴ˵ġ

΢΢üͷSпɲʱҪһ۳Ҷ߸ͷĳСҲһ֪Ҷϲ缸;óҶѧĻּʵ࣬ܶһҲǺõġĬ̧ͷųҶ

Ҷ۾ģûжʹӦģʦԸȥ

ԸȥѧϰȵбˣͿչһ԰ЪϢĵط볤ƾԼıչЩȫȫΪԼǡ
 


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ѵǱ߿ͦ磬ҶͿʼʰ绰˵һҪ¼죬ĳҶҪԸ͹ȥ

Ҷеⲻȥ磬Ҫȥϰɣٲ̫á

򿪣һİҶװ·Ǳ߶ŵĲˣҲҪˣСô绰ûУ

Ҷ˵ͷˣС˵Ϲȥˣݰ

һɻǾòõģŵʱûʲôֵҶЩˡ̾˿ڴְѳҶסҪǱȥˣ

ҶָͷҴӦʦˣ磬ԼҲȥĺܼ򵥣Ҫǿѧȥѧͽ뷹ԡϴѧҶҲֻ뵽ʦѧʦѧУһýѧѣҵʦкܳȥСѧϰЩиˣ᲻

㽫ѧҲZɣżҿɲ

Ҷһᣬֻʦ˵˸ţԾ벻Ǻȷǡ

ѧҪ꣬ҵʱɲȥ㡣£DҲдѧûרҵҲں߱˵Щ塣

ҶЦһ

ЩĸҪ

ҪҶץ֣սˡɣܾȱʲôÿ춼ͦϰߵġû磬ЩҲû˼ˡ

ں߿һѹˣңȣҾʣҲ˵ǵȥǡ

ţ֪ǵҡͦϲģʦҲΪҺãϴѧԼϲ¶ð¶ûʲôգϾǴСѧģӦСˣԸȥˣҾڼһһ㡣

⻰һˮȥԭһ˿Ҳû˱߶ųҶ˺üڣ̾˿аɣаɣȥĶɡ

һֱһָж飬ѵʱ˲ֹһΣЩԶˡжԼմȥҲ֪ģƾҶСʱôչһ㣬͸ͷˡοҲһֱųҶûѧ¶ʱ˼ұûҿֱ³Ҷ

СùӯϹ˵¶мֲţҶֱӱȥѧʦ׿ڸ˵ģƼҶͷЦ˻Ǵϲ£ҶǴѧˣҪǻڣһ˵òˡǼҳҶڳˣϢˣ

ӯЦûһᣬֿʼᣬǼܡҶëһСţСùá

ӯӦһû£ͺˣҾ̫ˡ

ƽһ飬ЩѧУڵ֪سʱǻųҶ£С÷˵ˣʦͦ㣬ѧУһСʦձҵüѧУҪأ

ѧѡʦ·ӯųҶıģӯҲô˵ҶҲˡ𣬶õľʦСùӯ˵ĻԸ

ӯģϰôһ䣬Ҳ˼ǣֻҶǰһȥһˡ⺢ӣ˵ѧϰæҲҳԶٷؿǧ˰

ҶӦһ֪һȥ֮ǰӯҲȥԷҶӦȴûȥ֪ӯһƬ⣬ǱϾӯżңȥҲáҶҪ飬ҲԸΪԼҪһ飬ȥұ˵

ӯǶٷļΪʢһ˴һΪҶףһ¥ͣλˣӯĹ˾䣬ôûƼ궼ء

ͣȥˣһҶ˲һۣɲλðһһ꣬ȱ˵붼ЩһƾǸġ

Թ˷ӯȫ˳ҶһҶû뵽һСùãҲҪ

ӯ¶һѾƣ΢΢ź죬Ӹ˵ĺܡɵӣŰɡǴҵһ⣬ǰĽѧأȥһúѧϰʲô¶˵֪𣿡

Ҷ˿ӯֻ¡ллСùá

СҲԼһС˳ҶһԼĿͨһС㲥٣ŤŤдĿҵһҡͷ߸ˣдҶˡ

һǻﻹͦСգ۾˵ʱǰ߶㿪ˣͦ⺢⣬ôࡰΪʲôûǷİش

ʦյ֪ͨҪǼܲסʰ磬ͷǱ߸Ǹ˴ѵƱӣȱʲôʲô˻Ƽ⼸ܼҺһ£Ʋ֮࣬͵͵ҲҶ׼һͷ߾ôһͽܣɲܱ˱ȥ

ȵ˳죬ҶıԱ˳ࡣĴӣͬҶʦֵĸһϻС

ǹ·𳵣ϳ³Ƶģû׳С漷ȥĵ˼ӲԵĳƱ˻𳵾ֱ̳ᣬʦֵܼȷԼԱߵļСȥ

ѴŵϣȥԱߵ˻ƱȥˣˣֻƱһģٶԻšûãľͻˣ߻һСӣʮ߰ͣ߸ȣģΣЦҲ⡣

ʶһ£ʦλɣ 

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85ͬ 
 
ɳǰ͸Լڳͷ䲻ƼôһҲһ˵ߵԱҴк

˫̥ȷϣſ̺ʦ磬СЦø仨ƵġͦϲСһһ˸ǣСġС䣬Ҫǲһϲ˭˭أ

Ƽ˳ҶҲϣ˵ʵǸǳҶǰûԭһܱϣƼҶȻʲôйˡ

Ҷ԰ɣʦҼҵʱ˵㣬ҲͦɣѧǵͬꡣָҶһ£Ǹ˼ǹҶһͷҲСֱ˵ܵܿʦ˵µգǼŵģ

ҶЩȣû뵽ԼܸСġСһæˣʮߡ

Цúһʦ磬³أ

ҶҲЦˣʵһʦ磡

ǰȥڰƱˣɲ֪һȦҲʦͷȥá

һۣʲôԲ̫ãҴˡ

һߴԲǳҶһ磬רͳҶģǺǣ˶ʶ£Ϥ˾ͺˣ

˵ŻܻˣǸ죬Ϊ˺û仰ĵһֵȥˡܻƱûһ꣬˵һᣬæһȥƱߣҹȥѶǰλ㣬Ȼһưǰƣžžɴˣ

Ҳü˽˷㣬ȥˡ

ҶվڹϣԼǵݸ˫̥ԣСһﻶһ󣬡Сʦˣ

Сֿ죬飬СһֻһţſίСʦƫģÿθСĶҵĺãҵĶࡣϴγŹҲǣȸС̵ġ

СǶԼ˫̥˸˭˵ģϴγըӣģ˳ܵ겻䣬ʳת裬ּתʳ

һŶЦһģһСʱ򣬾񿴼һԼվƵģͦ˰ҲˣǴˣȵѵɲô֡

˯̵һ̵ͦϲ˫̥ݻþŲ豭Ǵкҵĺ𣿳ÿƯ

æ˵ǣϻ¶ôֵ⣬⼸ҵСͽܣȥSѧϰ

Ӵʦɣ˵ZǱѧǴȥμʲôƥ˾𣿡˵Ҳֻ̫аƥ˾ʱִʶҲǴոʡ

æ˵ǣǿɲμôıǺǣҲȥZ󡣡

Ҷչ˫̥һᣬȥһʰûմ֣ųҶϢһᣬҲû˯ãǱ𶯣ԼС

ҶſǰСϣͷʰƼһ󶵳ԵĽ˫̥̲סЦˡʵҲͦСǲ¹ⲻ˫̥һһ硱ĺˡ

Ʊڰ죬ȻǻˣƱڵġڸڰȥˣ˵ǸҶȥʦֵܼöǻƱСﻹļǵƾ֡ʹˣûٲͽȥŲˮһֺ͡⼸Сһʱˣ̬Ҳ˲٣о

Ҷͷһ𳵣տʼͦʣҪʮСʱͲôζˡϻϹ˵ƣǴ˷ĥġ˯ǳѺüأԺϲϴּ䴰뿪С紵˵Ѳ١

̵ʱ򣬾ѹ˵Сĵ㣬š

ҶӦһϵӲ̫ãֺһƬĶܿҶһŲƫˣòȵ˼λϡ˺һ˯ˣû̫ӦҶŵòᣬʵڲ˼̽Ųһţȥ

磬Ҹ㼷ɡ

ЦһղûƼҲܲµô£óһطóҶ¡˼ˣ

Ҷһ룬ֻͷסС˵˾䣬ҲˣҴƣһֱҲûܺ˵

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86ʦ
 
ҶѹʱĴţƺûڴ̱ϵЬƼҶչȥСˣ

ҶӦһϰߣҲ˯ˣɴһȥϴϹˮţǻԣ㡣ϴˢϣվڹҲûʲô˼ɴȥ˲ͳǱߣ˸λ±ߵͱġ󲿷ʱ˵ҶţҲ̲ס廰ʱ

磬㲻ǻҪϻDǱͦæģ㲻ʦǶڣչ˺Լ

ûӦȥ˵ܲҸ»𳵣תȥƱ߰ҶҲ߯ˣ͵˵ضǲǣ

ûûûæ¶Ҷ͵͵Сġ˵еöʲô

üûشҶ⣬Ⱥһǣҿǻë˵İɣȥʰ

ҶӣŲϵĹֽҪǼֱĺͶ롣

DȷʵҪЩõ¶D͵͵浹ŸеƫƫץˣҲץѱֻDжţ߳ϧ̫ˣһе紵ݶȥˣŪҲ޴֡

γҲĬ˵ģһԸЩˣܼų߲ܵ㡣

ϹģҲǳ˹ҡ˳ҶԴһѣ˯һͷѹȥʲô¸Ҵ绰Dй㣬ҵܹ

ҶӦһЦ۽Ƕ֪

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ѵϿεݷΪ󲿷֣һרҵΣһĻΡտʼΪû룬Ǳߵĸ˾ZĽҽ˼ĻΣZУʷ֮࣬ҲȤ

ʦܺ˫̥мֳһʹˣܾûӴݸо裬ʣǸѽ̫ٴҲѧһͶ

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ܽѵˣͷбģǼõʱ򣬾ѾǽZڶѡ˵ѧϰרҵݣ˵ѧӦԡʦͷһ׹ˣЩǵʦص㶼ͬС죬ԵĿҲǻҩֱ׵ĸǣСǣǴѧרҵԵĿǿ˰

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Ҷ׹ᣬó۶ҲŴһû˫̥СʦóҶֵһ飬һʵСƼҶֳһС˵ֶ֪ĶţСʦ磡

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ẰҶС硱ҲͺСԪһˣԴӼҶǵĶ֮Ŷ60֣úСӸжһͿСԪƢֱ˵Ļ˾̫񣬰˲̫ϲҲͳҶǶС˵Цᶨ˺СԪǵľġ

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90е˼
 
ҶǶԺĵЩ⣬СԪ˵ƴҲûʲô˼ˣʦֵܼҲʹӦˡǸǱȽϤģǳҶũסʱͳȥݷģŸϵҲҶʮյʱ򣬺һ˼Ūִ

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Ҷʲôݸ۾ĿһᣬһƽĴһ㡣Ҳ²°ǲѵ¶һĸòɣ

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СԪ°ͳüһүүһ״磬ı߶ǡүӼǳȻǳ𣬵ŶءСΪԼ緢ԼÿԽүүͺͺá

һ㶼֪СԪǵ˼ǶҶ˵أҲǿųҶģ֪Ҷȱһֵ֪ʶȻڰ⡣Ȳ˵ҶΣƾũʱһѣҲᾡľر

ԱߵҲһīڵһģ󣬴ϸ塣һƾµģϻǵ񹤾ͲҹάˡƲƲ죬ǿ£Сֹһ䣬СʦʲôӵĶС

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Ҳϲīţ⹤͡СԪ˵ֱһѹȥٲɫҲ졣

ϰһ飬ԼЦŽ˻īһλСʦķģȷʵôҲûҶҪҪ˸ɱۡ

Ҷȥǿ񣬺ڲһ񣬵̵Դֻʨӣӵֻ󡣬·ǳңʵ㲻ϺáҶӴ٣ҲƳȷʵǲġҪޣҲǲġмпҪģӿԸĳģԼһ·

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ҲʣƼϰ¼۸񡣳ҶûǮʼЩڣҧŴһϰ屨׼ۡö⣬ǮȥɽЩԲҪһǮġ

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ҶҲǼ¶ˣЦãǸΪʦ飬Ҳ֪ĶŪ䷽Ҹһ˵Ҫ̴α١

ҲˣȰЩȥôҪʵڲУôʦһɫǵŶʦٵı¿νһֻּд񲻺ûҲ㶼ˡ

ҲǰǾͲˡҶſЦûĺ˲١һȥʦ£ѵȥ֮ͿʼŪʱֵĵطȥǺǡ

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ԱųҶ˵ҶҪʡʱĥһ£ЦЦûٿڡ

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ѵʱĿ죬ʦҲ֪Щ츳жߣ˽ѧ֪˭˭أǸɴĸҷ˺٣ֻͬѧǻȥҪǵö࿴Ļη顣

ҶԭĸУȻҲź٣Ǹѧֻһݵ٣ʣµʱ䶼ҪѧУȥϰȥѵ࣬ǻСǰȥˡ

ҶĻαʲôûҶãʹ˱ӢﵥʣоǺæµǿī񡣳Ҷ֮ǰ˵ˣһóİųҶıͼףкˣ˰ﻹζͷԼͽܵĳʦе㺮ᣬֲ뻵˳Ҷ£̾˿ȥˡ

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ΪʡæҶҲûũˣһĴ׳ɻЩп磬ߵʱЩûءż갡͸Ƶġ

ûʲôϸһ·ߵشҶٳֵ֣Ķܳÿ죬ϲʵû׼磬һ͵ˡ

ҶˣſڴϿ·Ϥ羰þٳɵģҲͦÿȻǴﳤģǻỳﰡ

ҶгԵģԼáһĶãһ߿һ߿ҶôŽĺӣе㡰üɫ衱ˣιҶźø

Ҷûʰܺã˵Ҳû룬ʲôҲóͳˡ

෭£»кöأҲ֪СϲʲôûëȥģԼңϲľһߣһҳԡԼСҶʳҲǵӵʱˣôҲó

ҶӦһǿĺԵС̣ζ桭֡

һۣͷӡĿʲô˼˶ġKFCµĺϵõġҶ˵ҲչȥóҶιһڣû³ǳвϰ䲻ܲ͡

ҶǿڣԥԥĿ𣬡磬йζòỵ˰ɣСҧһڣٴθ״ߵĲҶӶġ

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СһʳˣǵˮǰӵģͷһǰԼͷӵĻ㿴㣬ӸսţôҲЪЪʰҶǳԸӰ

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СũʽķӣŸСԺԡǵƽŰԺӲݡ䣬ˮյĲȣӴ˸ϽȥϴԤ˵Ҫ죬ˮ̫ȣһϴɣץʱ䰡һˮûˣ

ӦһϽȥ˸裬ûԶţʵ̫䣬Ѿ;Ҷö¡ųҶʵʵվǶ۸ԼˣСƨϲ᲻صһƣϴģɵվţŪ㡣

ҶʵŶһ̻ͷϴͷȥˡմ֣ںߺһԼϴɾһ㡣

Ҷ£ɵĻͷڡСңСҷֻһǽʵ̫

ϻٱһϾͷˡЩһӵаԡ￴ȥˣҳѾͲߡճţַˣͷĸëҶݵĵϣȻٳ䣬·Ҳû˰򣡡

ҶǾڵĻ̲סǣϽӦһ֪ˣ

Ҷô꣬Դϵǵ¶Ҳų⣬⼸Щˣϲġֻһ㣬ϲһ߸һ˵Щ컰޲ðԴصȥŪƫƫܰϷŪ۸᲻֡

ҶൢһᣬϴɾԼ·⿪ǰĴƸ·ôСԺӵĵضǿšҶյƵĵƣȻСʱʱ̻ڣҲڣ˻ƼԼҵĴţյСԺһȻƵůɫ

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Ҷʵڲ֪ôлڲźãֻһ˵лл˵ܺá

ɫЩԾû뵽ԼҲи̺ʵû˽ڸҶһ˯˰죬ҲֻܳСӲڵĹ򣬰ųҶڡԽˣԽͣСֹ䣺ҹû

ҶҧһСڣЦˡ

ǰûôҹ³ҶסǱߵʱҲ͵͵ĳϼڡ䵽ҹ͵ӦǾ䡰͵㡱

տʼ㵽ˣеʱ򣬺ȻݵһǾһѣҶҲǻӲְԼһţôҲóѡ

Сڡ

һĶãŶ£ֵͷҶû£Ϳһû˵岻ãȥ㱣Ʒԣſ㡭

Ҷ޲ñԼһӦʹҡͷ˵С

˰죬Ŷ룬ֻŸ˰˰񫡣ĩ˶̾ųҶһڣˣǳȥ

Ҷ˿±֪˰죬ջǱ§ڻ壬ĻůְģҲ˯ˡ

쿪һĳЩˣǾȴܺã۾ôҲ˯šܶ¶йСģйӵģйĸġ

չĺˣҲȷʵ͵͵ȥǸŮ˵ϢģģϢޣҲ㹻ĵˡǸŮҹֻһΣٺȥĳСˡңһӣĺܺá

ٴӵеɷֻһСְԱ΢нˮǷ޻˵ٴӵеĺǸŮľᵯ١

𱧽˻ʣµ¶ȣĽġСץסֻץסҲǳҶˣⱲܷ֡

˯ԺĳҶ§̫£С֣硭

ӦһǾòƵģִչȥһ¡һرǣ.޹أֻĳ۰˯ɡ
 


94̽ף
 
ҶڶѹʱѾˣӽǶʵһ㣬óҶ˺һŴӺصı

ûȥϹרڼ˷ʢǳԣƼҶæкҶôû˯ᣬô˰ǲҳ㾪ģ

Ҷæ˵ûУӣСأ

үһ˵ǳȥǰǵС¥źˮҶһߵˮһҶ⼸߶ðɣûʲôΥ¡

Ҷϴֶ£Щ֣ûа

ӻЩ̫ţԥԥʳҶĶĳοŻĳϴοĻһôһɷѲǮɣ

𳵵¶Ҷ֪ģϴæӽ£ⲻԼĳǹ˾ĳϻصҲǣΪϰʡ߲縺صҵܲܿ·ǣǺǣͱˣء

Ŷһһӱϰˣ䲻ƼԼֶӿ˺ó롣ֻԼһܰȹգٷǰ¶

Ҷӳ˷ǲŻү˵ЦģŻͦġС⼸ԵЩˣȥϵЦȴࡣߵͦΣѾܳˡ

ղźȥ£ǷӵǵýʵֻҪװ¾סС룬ֻعͷҪٰԺǽӸһ㣿⼸Щʵҹ͵͵ġ

ɣӸǰٰԺЩǼ䷿ӣʱӸһסЦǺǵؿڣѵõɡȽŲã۾͸һСƽ෽㰡

СЦ۾һЦӣлũǷӵİȥ¥أֵԺݶǺõģСҲˣٸǿɾ̫˷ˡǮһ˰ȥ¥Ȣϱأ

Ȣϱ¶ȰСһסģģĻӴϳҶһһǡķӡǸҶ̫ϤСӶûᴦ룬ֻǸˣϲ£ЦϿڼǿųҶͰ⺢ӵԼİӣ𣬷ֺأ

ҶһŵЩ˼ˣ͵ʾȴƼüëЦ

ˣ壬ҶǸѧѵʦ˺ҵ񡣡ٵĿʼΪԼĸѻǲ֪ҶɷѹˣҪҲߣרŵĻҺʦֳСܴպã֮ǰҪԿף⼸ȥǱס

ӲϴӦǱ߶䰡ҲǺóʱûʰ˰ɣĶסأ

һȥʰȥˣϾͲˡҪǻǣŲ˵ˣҶ¶ҪĻûʦҲԭĲǡ

ûûһһеĹأ˺ӡСֱͷʦͦ𾴣̧ŵġ

Ҷһ᲻õӣЩˣæȰҰ컹ÿ϶ӵСء˵ţȻס֣ŵöһ£

۾ϸֻ֣ͷϸС˿ڣеģвֵģסˣСĵ͵ǰ̯Ҷӿ㿴ƽʱֲڶûƹ

ֻǸʱһۣʱûϸ´ҲǸ۵ļϣǳҶܿˣˡϢˣǾͲˣúð

ҶŰȴִһʱЩȣûôأģǰ첻СŪ˵ģˡ

СǸʵˣһ۾ȥ˺ҩҶϣǰľʱҲ˹֣һҽķԼҩ࣬ĨϾͺã˰̡ȥԼڲŵ㣬ôСɲܲϧԼ

ҶæͷӦˣǺҩֱůһĨϣллС壡

ûųҶ֣ĳţ壬ӣҴҶȥͬѧ˵ǻأ

绹Է𣿡᲻ߣ۰Ͱ͵ˡ˻˸ҰãһͶ˵ǻԣѴмһô

ˣɣɣôԲӣһĨȥˣǼҾͿˣ룬ϻ԰

У·㿪ǵϻԷ

Сһ·͵ǳԺӣſԶˣŻȥ

֮ǰȷʵĽֳķס죬ʹ绰ʰɾˡһͲµҶŴ˵ɸС⬣˵强ĻҲҴ˵ǰ׼֣ܳǷӹȻɨ˸ɾְ¶䣬ںСԺ˹¯ˮҲůȥʱﻹůͺ͵ġ

Ҷڼ˵Ļˣȥ˵һҵľȷ

ּۿ죬¾͸ˣأأһͰŪ˼ȥ߿

Ҷԣȥ˺ǰסСˡﲼõͦ£̸ȫҲȫµģһȥͺ޲ñ˯һᡣɫʵ̫⡭Ǵġ

ҶͷֿǴ챻죬̵Ŀ˿ڣϡҪ˯СѵõĴ˽䱸ɫ˵ǣܵļơ

ˣȰ˱ڻ͵ĴϹһȦ㣬ֵü۶չǰ

ҶŤ˼£̱ڵѹסˣҲĿ˵á

ˣҲֵСӣһһ߶Ūﲻˣ
Ҷ̿ˮƳһ۴Ĵջߣ̫ˡ

ѳҶ·һ㣬˳̽ȥǳȥڳҶϣĶð಻ǡ

Ҷ￴𣬶ϸоҲһʱҲ㲻ֻ΢΢۾ġǡϱõġû˵꣬ͱЦСͷ׷óҶʣµļ˻ȥֻüһ΢

׵ûСֿһڲŷŹЦǺǵıǰųҶϸɾζҲ̹ˣһǹһҲ²˭

Ҷҡҡͷͣһᣬ۾ȻǣǷ볿𣿡

ԴЦſ佱һ䣬
 


95ټ볿
 
ǻʶ࣬ȵʱԼС˺;ƹˡǰ˵ҶҲȥ˼䣬֪ǲĴڵʱͦţ˵˻һ㡣

Ҷֵˮŵòվæãòã㿴һ˹ԷѾ̫鷳Ҷˡ

ҶһŵĺԼҲͦĪ𿴳ߣĳҶ֣ȥȥǴЩСʰһ£װ̳һ볿ǸóԷˡ

ҶӦһȥˡ

ųҶȥˣ΢ЩƤҲصһͨҽԼ͸Ľ˵һ飬ֵܼǿȥмԼӵĹϵ˸ķ룬ʾôÿµ׶ſм̫ͥãڻӡ

ǼСϴÿͰͶظһۣ˵ҲǴʵ磬ǼڼţһҪ취Ūɡ

߼Ҳ۰Ͱ͵Ŀ𣬿ӣȷʵǱˡũ͵Сǣܶ඼ˣģ׶ˡû·û£ֻиɿ۲ķݶ

һ¶ģֶ˼䣬һһʱ򣬿ûٳ⼸С͵Ӻͼ뵽ЦˡԱľګĴһţС˵ũˣǲ͵Ű

ĸϼָͷģƤˣ磡¶ɸһϵûа˵ҲйС͵СǶСʱ¶ˣˣ

ԱһڣޣĲŴôôʶ𣿣һóҶѧЦ˵һ룬ƺĳЩɻ䣬ڨЦûٽȥ

һۣøֶˣӵû㿪ֻǺЦԼıӡ

Ҷӹˣ䣬û󹦷ͰѾƲ˷װ̶ˡ

ǰҲЩ֧˸С¯ӷԱůִ֡˼ƿϰ׸ɣ֮⣬ƿ׾ơһǸŮ˺ȵģһ죬˵ĻҲҶ㻹Сѧأ׾ƺȶӣǾ׾ƴ棬ɱ˵ǺȾƲ㰡

Ҷ仰ȰĺһһжҲûҶɫɶ仯ǳҶԼСƱСһ£е𡣡

־һǰûҲûҶȾѽŤͷ𣬴ԼǾ׾ûʲôҲû˿ҪŵļơַſģָҶһȵҲã䣬ůůӰ

Ȱţߴűõֱ죬ҶƿƱȥţźŵر졣տţƼһ̾װСӣüĿʣֱʱķ볿߰˷ơ

Ҷ̧ͷˣҲ˲ԼͬЦ

Ҷ볿ЦһѽҶֵſھת˸ȦӴСҶڳһˣ㻹ǵ˭

볿ҶҲˣ˵Сƣϱһ̷һ졣

ôȥ꣬Ҳˣ볿ֲ֧ת˸ȦֱεóҶͷۻŸ£һ˫ִڳҶϾ͸Žˡ볿ȥʱ򣬳Ҷֻ15꣬ǸĺӣСһ̾װĻˣ˸վڳҶԱߣɳĵóҶûһ㡣

볿ģûô䣬һžͱϳˣǸ໺˷ƣ볿ҲϻԸ׾Ƶıһȸ˵ıףЦˣԷ

һֺؽкã

¶ɫİѳҶԼһߣ볿һλãһ߸볿˱ӺȾƣһͬ˵

ֵô꣬ԶԷϰҲ˴Ϥ볿һЦĲӣǸʳģ̲סֶŪ˼䣬˵磬Ҳ̫صˣôûųҶ㻹صȥܰ߰ôţҶ绹һӻҪأ

Ҷ֪ǲǺȶˣ˺վȥˣûüסඣ

볿СʱҲƫƫǸСҲֻе϶ķݡҲ˷볿ƼʲôҪһӣ׷ƨɺͷ磬ҲոܵšƫƫҶ̫ܵܵθڣôҲû죬ι˾ȥһ㶼һģ

볿ȥͿʼҶŶ佲ĻʱʱĶҶЦԳҶ˼ټ򵥲һ𣬶Ҳ۳ҶѳҶԼ׵ܵһ㡣

볿ԳҶĺǲö˵ףɰ¡ִ˸ɫžƿӳȥˣ롢磡Ҿһƿ

볿һھƺûڲҲǼģûô뺷磬ҡͷܾˣɲɣ㵱׿ˮأһƿƿСûģ

һЦɶ仨ûûǴҵһ⣬һһƿأȿͷĸϣһ

һ˺վŶӾ볿ȥˣʮվһӻͦ׳ۡ

볿ִڳҶϣɫе㷢ףҡ١г𰡣ڲĥľˣٴ˼Ӳʵľ磬վ

볿ûӹ൹ˣ㱻ൽӵȥһƺһ׳ſˣʣµҲͷԼ֪Լ˵ɶ

˺Ⱦ޷ǴţƤҶ˵۾Ҳˣŷ볿ܵ˺ü롣Ǻü룬Ϊ׾ͷֻˣֱӸҶ롣һȺ׾¶ǣҶϺһƬ

Сܽѵˣų־һѣֱӰ˿͵ԺȥˣҶȶˣȥϢᡣ

ҶԺſϣŻ˺ԺСݡ׾ƺ󾢴ֲȹʲôƣտʼ̰˼ڲˡ

СůͣҶıǾȣ뿪ֱסȥҶί۾ȥ磬ȵܡ

áųҶŵһ£Ͱ͵ͷ˿С졣ʵһᣬһʰ㡣

Ҷκ׵ͣﻹýȥߵĻһ˫ƵӺ湴סҲȥ׷Żǲݣߡ

֣˺ôĲѿ̽ʹһСΣҧųҶĶݺݷ˻ҼŰһ㡣

ǰһȸ˵İͻȥҺֻѣ֣ܰҪȻûôġ

볿ĻҳҶ߬žƿӲ̡֣ҶҶ˵

һü־͸˷볿һӣ볿˳Ƶ¼˯λҲȸˣҪƽʱøҸ볿ֶӶ֣Ц磡Ūſˣ

Ҳˣ̺ﵯ˸̸ͣ

Ͳǵţһ˶볿ȥˣûȶ٣ûʲô⡣ũ·߶أҲܵһһرСһˡȻصļҵСԺӣȥ˸衣

ٳʱųҶܣҲһˮë׼Сɸһţͱסˣ

߰Ķż·ŶǺҳģӶûȫ⿪ҲЩңɫ±ƿһأ¶һ˫׻ĴȣҪǣȸǻһ˫֣ꡣ

ɵˣվſںð˿ˮҶ

ŵһϲͣҲ£һŤͣ硭Ҫ硭

ʱҪٲϣͲǸˣŽ裬Ьϴ
һůůľ㣬һ˿˵.ζҶζᣬֹܳ˵ζʱһ㶼й֮ס壬ѣȻһС̲.ˮ

硭ҵȲסԲ𡭡Ҷ۾ҲϵóһߵǸһꡣӲӲСҲһ䵽СҶ˸飬ʵľȻʼԼĥ䣡

Ȼ͵ܣһ᲻ƨɣһ߳ԶһذǹԼ·ֿ˻СһˣҪȻҲôŵÿ

ְߣѣָͷֲʵĿʼ̽΢΢ʪ̷ֿҶ˫ȣԼϣԼ͵ϴĶȥϴʱѾţҲСǰơʵ̫̼

Ҷ΢΢ţ˫ֳǰΡΡ˳̡¾޴󣬺СҲǽŵ˱סһһšأ硢̫ˡС

̰ؿССĵطԼһ㺬ȥΪԼ򿪣Ȳ˵εĽůĻʹֱ̼ðþȫסһٳȥ.ųҶԣһ㣬ҽȥ

Ҷϸ΢ʣջ̽ȥˣЩҲûһѱסſؿڴ΢΢Щ

ͷϸܵĺ飬סСԣĺãȫˡ

Ҷ׵Ķ.飬ǶĵطҲʼȣԾĶ˼£ҲͲסں水£ɣ𶯣һᣬȻˡ

ҶС֣ĥ죬µ˻סСһҳͣ
ǿִ̼ҶײᶼӿǿסĲһҡڡ磬硭

ÿһ䣬ȴǸҵĳ̡ں˶ҡҰڵľòһ㣬ųҶѶ˳Сת˱Լֱ²ȥݺֹͦ

ҶܲôҵĴ̼û¾ӿᣬСֻüץµĴʹסԼȴˣص˵ʲôĵĻ

ųҶƣС˸ɾֱ۸سҶҪȥ

ʱ䳤ųҶĴߡмһҪȥġ

һǳҶ󲮼ңⶼһնݣҪȥ˵һһ𵱳ܳǸӶӳҡмʱ飬ϰһѣÿλϼơ

ϴϱʸ߲ȵͣʲô˾Ͱڳʲôɫ֪ʲôУÿλȥʱ򶼰ͷƲһңбˣȻҪΪҶӡ

ϴϱȻԶӭˣϸЦ˻ӴǳҶ˰æɣô˼ҲƼһ˵ţ۾ȴǲͣĴ³ǳ䡣

ѳͣ·ߣϨ˻óҶȥƣʱСЩҲǰ׼õģ˵ҶûʲôǮа˰ӣǮȺ̰ݵҲΪ˿ëίԼұҶ

ҶûӦϴϱһʼлˣϣôã㿴һСӼҼҵĻʲôɫͦ⣬Լ̾˿Χֵ˵ˡǳҶʡѧϰĺãҲ֪ͼ

ڳᣬ̲ס°࣬˻ɴԼҲ˳ԭߵȣųϴϱƣǲˡ

ϴİûô仯ǰЩ˵ľɳͷгСʱϵ֡ϴϱ뵽˵߶Լֶӣ͵λȴ𣬲Ҳȸ𵹵ġҲ֪ѧæ󲮿أȥûڼҷһƢ

һۣҲ֪ڴˮĲҶӻǹȣѧϰæصʱ䡣

ϴϱ̸䣬ԶԣѧϰҪ㵱ҲأͽᣬֲԸԼ˵ˣȦӵĸҶ˿ڡÿٶؼңѧУ˵ʲôڹѧҲԽԽˣǰ绰˵ǸƱײܵҡɣڵȥۿƣÿҲæĲżңʣҸڼҴۿСء

ϴϱ߶߶˵˰죬޷˵ԼҺҲǳǱ䵽ȥﶼǵ⾢

Ϊϴû°Ҷֻ˰죬̼ΡǺȣСʱûٱ۸Ŵĸ˵ԺеӡСʱ۸ԼǸƽͷСӣһ˫쿴۾ֺ̬ȣʵûʲôӡ 

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Ҷ磬ƨۡ
𣺿ȣã˭ȾưȡȾ˶
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96
 
źһ裬ϴͳŻ

ÿ׶رæʱ򻹵üӰ࣬ĺࡣϴƼҶĸˣҶѪԵϵܹҪ׽һЩҶˣôСûãﶼͦõİɣ

Ҷϴ˻أСλҸ˼ë¡ҶУһӾƾһʽпë£һ֪ⶼǸϴģû˰¶ӯԳϴϱǺ޵ĺܣһ˶ûɩռ

ϴϸһδֶӣ̾һ䣬С÷ǴȥʡǶǶԵġ˶飬ҲϢˣ˵±ǰǿҶҲ߶һԼҵ¶޷ǳ̼ϵĴѧɣȥۣ棬Ҳ˸С鳤

ۿҲ˲٣һСװͷҲ͵ģͦʱֵһСӣЩԼ۶࣬ڶϸԼõܡ

ǰ֪ҶǸƯӣܰ˺ߣ˵Ҳ㣬֧֧Ů޶ҶǱȴǰҪõĶࡣģȲ˵һĴǴǮӻ۵ʱȥ̨һ·ֵһ¹ءߵɵĽγȻǰͷͷһıƣôʵĳǿĳģһƾǼֵư

۾ת£΢Ǳ߿һۡųҶһʡǵСƫĸðģ⳵ûﲻɸǺ棬δ˳ôͷأ

ȵһߣƺԼĲˮʵ˾ͷҶһ˵Ĳ㣬ҪŲסˡ

ҶҲųϴȲĹϽҪߣ󲮣绹е¶ˡ

ϴüͷ⺢ӣôҪߣ³ԷɣһҲþ۾ۡ

ϴϱһ߰ǻѵõĺǰҶǱˣԡﻹشľɽӣȥϣ

ҶϴӦ˵ߣ⼸˵еˣɲαװԼʲô˼һ۾Ƴ

ɫվ˳Ҷһѣ֣粻ǻȥôҲ㲻˶Ṧ򣬲ȼҽʱҲˣٽгҶúóԶԲҶǸģ绹¶Ҫæ

ϴҲˣҶСϵãǸ˼ҵĳ¡˰죬ǵͷóҶˣǳɰɣȼһ˳Զٷ

ҶæӦˣȥϴһ͵ſڣԶˣϴŻͷԼһۣСԽԽȥˣôţڼҳԸס춼ɣ

ûԼӵĴɤסЦ֣Լ¶ˣԸҶס£˼δؾأûôõס÷ӡԲϺò˰ţＵʣ̲ס׷Զ˵ĳӰֹ˼ỰҲңƵطţӡ

ϴһ䣬Сӻ֪㣬пڷԾͲˣοһӵǼСϢʵİɣ

ǱһŤӣܽϴĻȥԴĶβܿĺóǰɵɫ任죬վǳԶ̰һۣϲЩҲܵõ

ҶڳȫȻ֪Լһˣ˶ġʱæŰ·

ȴӵ϶ӳˣȥʵҡһ⣬Ҳûô˼ϵ䲻Ҳڳϴ߰ͨ绰òҵģĵַҲˡ

ųȥȴųҶ˵طȥԷµ󣬵˳ҶԷҪ۵ġ˺ܾûϳǱģ·ˣ¥ˣмʵС߲㡣

ҶԵ٣ֺȶ˲ˮ˷ͷŽǶС߲㡣ZǱѵʱҲȥѧУߵһ㣬ʮ¥ɣ¥ǳվĸܿ鶼ͬ

ҶһֱǱߣҲųۣһС˼ϲߵķӣ

Ҷ˵ͷɴӲţ۾Ƹסϲ磬ʦ˵ѧУҵܵʦټҰʦԼСҶָͷֵ۾ټ׬ǮԼҲӣм

仰˵øˣһˮů𤡣Ӵô¶ҵȺú׬Ǯ飬ҵǾ׼ԼļңҶ㣬ŵöܴǮ

ŵСͷŷۻнõĹʣճİٰʮǮˡסҲЦ

ȥֻ˸ùס£׼ȵڶ˶ٻȥӼҴ˵绰һûͱˣһס£θˣⶼһûأҲûǡզ찡

̲סЦӸֻȶɣĸϽඣӿɵȲأ

Ҷһ裬СҶ챻ѵûӦ׵ϴ裬ļǵı˹ȥŵسҶֱ򣬡磬㡢Ҫôһ伸ҧŴ˵ģСںߺߡ

ѵÿ˰µĻȣŹƤͼ˶ӡ˷Ͳˣ·һߣһڿڵĳԡ˵ţҧСۼ¼ӡӣڳζòá

Ҷ죬һҲҡӣڡ

ȡʤѹסҶǹ·ʱ򣬻ֹ䣬˵Ϸ˼ҶǰɲôӺĲãӰ׵࣬ԭѧУ˸ƸӴҪʱ򣬲Ҳſȡ

ҶЩ컰Լؽȴһ۾ҹĿĺ죬ҲǺȶ˾ƣҲģģǵԼЩ߰¶

ԼԼ˸ɾԼҵıǮţһѻһȰҶͷҶҲɣ㵹ǻͷһ۰

Ҷڱ￪˿ڣʱˣˣϴ걳ҪصƵġ

ȻһӸڳҶϸҧ䣬ǲ㵣𣡡

ûˣҲֵÿư¶§ųҶȰ죬Ѹ޳ӷȥĿֿӹǳˣɬ˵ʱôһ˵ģ



97 
 
ϺֵҹϢڶĶЩһ۾ƼҶ۾ĶֻϴèжƵģһֻץһֻص۾̲סһЦڳҶ£ˣһỹóȥҪٲؼңҪץ˰

ҶӣҲЦˡ

ӵ϶ӳӹӲʣƼǾȣ̶ָӴ𰡣ⶼǷˣ

ȥ϶ӳ£ⲻñ³˷϶ӳҪԾܾˣģ绹Ҫؼȥ̫Ⱦơ

϶ӳԼҲǿģԴҲǿӦģȫһһܳʱҲͶˣôһСڣ

Ҳ£ʱԹĿ࣬ǾȤ϶ӳ̸۰죬ӳ̸϶ӳ緢ʱ̸ȥȴ˵֡

϶ӳֺܾأ˵ʱҲⲻʵ飬ֻЩֵ꣬쵱һӣÿģ˭ʶϧˡ

ЦЦû˵ٽ¶𣬳СһҺͳҶ̸ЩӢҲãٻҲգж޹ؽҪŵͬѪȻֹ³Լû˵һ۰ӵĺøףЩ͹ˡ

ܱǸŮҪõö࣬ôһͷȲڵȥ

Ҷһ͵͵ɫСĵİ˸۸ԣģǰͦϲⶫ

϶ӳҲƼҶСЦǺǵ𣬡ܵܶôˣ

ܳÿγȥҪҶӴС⣬ȫӶ֪иܵܡ϶ӳ˵΢Щ˿Ц⣬˳ҶԴһѣǰϴѧˣѧУ͵ģ

ͷѧͦ˲϶ӳųҶһͿ䣬С˵ͷ˼̧ˣֻͷۿǣһһŽС

ĵĺúӰûӴ϶ӳԼһСƣˣԵĿ佱Ҷ

佱ˣڶԼûʲôĩ˶Ҷһ䣬ɲǣأ

˴ӳֱȥСҡһվſأƼⲻһ꺮ů

ҶùԼȣֻȥǱû˴ŵ״ʹŹˡ

С̸Լ¶С˵ľҾУҲ˼䡣壬˵ľֵŪľô

СҲˣ˳ָԼֶӵ˸̣ϻҵȻ֪ľֵǮЩʱǮ˼ҵϼҾ߿ɲǺľ𡭡٣Ҫ¼Ҿߣݡ׳أɲŪ

ӹ̣ȸСϣԼƵĵ˿ڣǴϰӶǱ߽ЩźǱͦ죬»ʣû׼ӴЩ

СûָŪ˵⻰Ҳ֪ˣЦǺǵصͷӦˡ𣬡ǧΥ¶Ҫǹ˾ͬ⣬ҲǿǼҲȱǮŻܸɻܵǮȢϱ

һ̲ûǺȥ˼壬һûá

Сз۾ȻҲŵͷ˼Ȼһǲ㹤Ҫͱ¹ЩкõĹ嶼ţͷƬȥ٣СԽϢˣھкü˵ýء

ûͷ̣ð˾䣬壬ˣҲȢϱ

С£˰̣ȢȢҲɣũСǶڳ¥ס屾ҲôģϱŪһףҲԶгʱԻǡ

СԼûкӣǰ𵱳Լ׶˵ݶϣǿ¸ĸġҲʹ죬ҶԲܷ֣ǾζҾˡС廰˼Ӱ˳ɻűӡ¶ûϣˡ

𲻺һ˵ףڻб£סҶչСȫֻͷ̡Ѹֻܵʣ¸ƨɻҲüͷչصӡ

壬Ҿûºľ¶ɣҲû˼ͷѻת˻һһɣһĽСʹˣҲڻݶɵĻƣϼ帣ˡ

Ҷī񣬴ѾˣֻʨӡҶŵʱˮ̹ܲʨӣʱƺҲŵġҶ뵽ϵĶ˼֣õǶ΢΢

֮ԹΪϼѵãлͷ˵ˡľմպϺ񽳡˵ľǵʵˡҶīԴЩǼĹʵ㲻úáҪƲ̸ֻϵĻۡ

Ҷϸ뷨ʨӡͬһԶӡһСӡ£Сӡȥֱһ֡ǡɵǣ۴¡С¶ͬһֶ

ŪĲˣҶīʨӲ£һϸֻСצӽԣСʨ˽ʨӵĻ˯ˣʨȴİͷʱھš൱

ҶҪȥǮģԼҪԽԼԼ̶޸˼ΣӺȥԷʱ˯Ƿȥĥ˯ǰҹ˵λһ䣬ˣ

˼죬޿̣סҶҧһڣ

硭ҶԺۣôϳûʨӡ

ҧ䣬һ

Ҷ㣬ɫ뻹ֱסĲӣЩȻ̱ɿˡҶ˲䣬ȴȥ˯ɣһСˣ㻹㷿ء

ֽ׶θ͵.ûʲôÿϴܹ͵ԲġżϳҶˣֻλķݶɶǳҶﺰľȻʨӣ
쵽棬̲סһ⣬ĥ⻹αġҶҲûλ

Ҷһֺõ˲䣬˼ϡ

Ҷ·ְԼ·ˣҶĸһԼ˰졣Ҷ˯ˣŪ۾ˮģСס´ȥ

ҶٵȵҰ׻СķԽǣһ𡣡



˹ڱ£ǱһֻӼһ㣬ȥ˭Ҳ벻˭ֻܲǹ߻ûԸɾֻ˸ʡ̹֮ǱŲϷֿųҶıоǷĲ˵㡣

Ҷ˻һֻõģĻӦС뼫ˣԴһ£Ҫ˯šʧЦ§ŻıҪ˵ĻĬĬԼ

ҶٵȵңЩ£ܿ¶ܹһ˯ˡ
 
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Ҷڼҵ˼ӡһֱûȥС峣ܡ

ʱ𻹻ǣӣеǸСæСҪûصСߣҪ۸С屻סԺ԰ȫĸࡣ

ּƴӣԸʲôǱʲôľ⵹СЩ˼ǸԼֶ˾Ҿ⣬ûţŪôһơҲ˺ⲻȥ

ǲЩ˵͸¶˼ǸСɻǲ˵һ仰˵꣬ҲСæֵ֮䲻ô࣬׳Щʲô

볿Ҳҹ𼸴ΣæĺܣҲȥֻͣѰҳҶ졣볿ǸһӳģСʱԾϱϱȣȻȭͷѹˣ⻰ֻüһ죬ǶԳҶ۰ɼһߡ

볿Сʱ۳ҶʲôóԵĺһȸҶţϰҲû䡣ҲźЩʳѳҶС塣

Ǹвסˣ볿ͳȥæˣֻ˳Ҷ볿졣ٽأǻҪ񣬶߼ݡҶѵϣŷ볿Ȳ죬⼸Ҳˣ÷һ¡

볿Ҷδʱ򣬻͸ŹԵ׽Ͼһ𳤴ģҪ׽Ķࡣϸ˳Ҷ⼸ҶҲ֪ĶٶЩ÷볿пһ

Ҳ׵ģҺûʦչšˣ˵㿼ϴѧˣ

ҶͷҲʦæƼġ磬ڲ𣿡

Ķܲ۰ҵûѡõطȥҰսӣϣҶ㲻֪ؼоÿʮܰǱ߶ɽܵŵװ嶼Ѫݡ볿켸䣬ִӶͳͭɫСҶʣµӵǣ

Ҷ˼£ͭӵǿյģ໥ײ졣ôȥ壿

볿һڲˮǺ˼۳ҶҡҸңüûˣ졣

Ҷ̧ͷ԰ɣ˵ȥ껹ɨѸϳ

볿޲ðԴСȣҲûǸе㡭ϲ

ҶЦˣ볿˲ˮȥЩ껹İɣʵҾҲͦϲģʱѧУǾһء

Сʱ¶ܵأڶˣÿ˶ԼĴ㰡볿Цô˵ͷ¶˼Ƕϲ顣ٵȵȰɡҪϵȣڲӰиְ񣬾ͻȢ

Ҷʵڲᰲοˣ볿Ȳ裬Ҳ˷볿˼иŽƶͺáʱǷ볿ʱ۳ſݣԼҲһ׵û£䣬ʲôԼ㡣ҪǳҶ˵ȰοĻܡ

볿һᣬͻƼⲻһԷ볿һ㶼ľƤЦĲ߲óҶģһž߹ȥЦһ

볿Ҳӣ˼䷴ˣһƲʱĳģ

һ߰˹һߣһ³Է𣿡

볿ŪҶأаϳҶ³ɣþûԳҶķˡ

һųҶóλ£ԼСʣµĲˮһȥ⼸ˣҸɡ

볿Ͷ䣬ûɣܳô

ǰ˵ģһ¾ͳɡӶȥݼˣҲҪҲɡüһ㶼ƲҪ˵װͰ͵ҪˡԸϽ߰Ԥ˵дѩС·϶ɱ

볿ҶüŪۣСҶ㿴ûôֵһˣںûٰǺɣҼȥҵأ

ҶһĺƢ˵ʲôЦǽŲվߣֺҲġ

볿һӣˣͳҶˣǳ֮һΪĵˡСʶСмɵģ֪ǶĶϲ

ųҶһֱŷ볿뿪ķ°͸ת;Ϳһڣʲôأһƾװôÿ𡣡

Ҷַϣֱ£е룬и㣬ҼǵãϲİɣҶʱСҲĥζˡ

ֵüЦ§ʹһڣСȻѧԴˣҶ䣬ȻŻӴڿˣҸ˵ҵ˶ȥˣҶɵץඣ

˲ץˣҧһڡҧλò̫ԣһеĺϣģģܸоСͷµĶ

Ц£ƨСһ㱧Ұտ꣬һָﲻˡ

ӦһĿ顣

ûˣɴ౧ųҶȥҷźһ١Ҷź򡱵̱һţֱҪϣһ˫峺۾ˮòУӳӰ
 


99 
 
̼ũǸȽϳŮȻеѧϰɼһֱܺáϴϱеŮǶҲΪŮԺܿôõĴѧǸŮ״Ԫأ

̼δѧУҲֻĸ˵˼仰Լͷ˯Ӹ߰ӲǰţһֱǿţصϢһ¡

ϴϱԼҹôôģҲΣԴҲһĺùﰡǸʱȵģϴ佱ҶҪZ뺰ҶʶʲôĴѧϴϱôţͲͨСҵĵ绰ҶЩ춼סǱߡ

绰ͦãһֱû˽ӡϴϱ̧ͷ˿Ĺұŵ࣬ôûأ

һᣬϴϱ̲סִһ飬˽ˡӵ绰ǳҶû˯ƵĴűģι

Ҷϴϱ壬̧ɤźһ

Ͳ̰һǱʲôһ㣬󡢴ĸҡ¶𣿡

ϴϱǱ߳Ҷ֧֧ѸһȣҶȻϢ˵㣬Ǹ˵İ͡Сĺ̹ˣųҶҲ˺ܶ࣬û£û£ѧУˣҾʲôʱһˣһ˳ԶԲ

ͲǱߺðûϴϱΪҶû壬ִɤһ顣

һźŲõ죬ֿʼ˵ˣλشĲǳҶ

Ҷˣ⼸첻̫ȥ

𣿰ϣǳҶ˰㿴̫鷳ǼˡҶȻԸ̸ĺȥҽûУҪҹȥưɡ

ûӦˣ£ðĶ࣬ˡ

ϴϱҲͿ䣬˵ЩעĻ͹Ҷ˵绰ԭų̼εĸѧҫһ£ŲͰͶȥƳҶ켸ȥ̼ˡ

ǱҲʳҶſϣСţҪȥ㽪ȣԴеˡ

ҶſڴϣŽԼ£̲סֶһ£áͣˡ

Цһ˹ĽԼĶӳҶڳô򵥵Ķµ΢΢

Ҷϵʱҿġ˵ôԲѡ

ǣΪ㡭أҶ뷴̱ʩԡҷ

ָ쵽棬ԼĶȥƼֵطõˣСĻšǱϻ˼ָԼҶ˺üˣЧƺָ񾭷ḻϸµظܵʪȣ۸׵Сʶ˱ţֺһ㡣

һĳҶϲĲУչȥ˲գϷŪһ䡣ҧô᲻ãɲа춼ˣһСǸûˡ

ҶԹԵ˵䶼ˣһֱӵ¡

û۸ˣ⼸Եĺܱѵÿ϶ЦǹģпܣϣôһμڡҲֻ룬ԼҪ¶ҶҲˣԼضҲ˶ԽĴ㡣ϲųҶҲϲųҶΪǵĽһŬ

ҶͷīزʱҲ˴ʮ͸ϹˣһĻг̼Σǳϴϱ¶˵Ȱ˰һȥ

ȻֻΪ˺õܻǼҳҹһžʹչȥʽ飬һֺã磬ǺþûĶأ

Ųֻڴ绰һ۾ųȥˣô

һӻңڿɳϵ۾ʱʱĿſڣŻġ

̼ξöԼȥҶ˵һȥԽӰɣﶼ׼ˣҰ軹׼˷䣬ס졣Ͼһˣסڱ˼ƼҪЦġ

ҶµѾǳϴϱų̼εĻ´Ӧһ룬лл㣬һȥԷҪлɻ㣬ҾȲסˡ

̼ζõܵ¶Ҳ֪һЩ赱û߶㻹ʦѧأ

Ҷ˵ͷ֮ǰԸѧյ¶ܶ˵

̼ͦȤųҶ񴩴ҲˣҲÿ㣬ͬ˵̬ҲıЩȻ㲻׽Ҳû֮ǰĹ°ԼҲˣеõܲóҿأ

ûʲô˵ģ̳ƷȻôһ档Ҷӷȡһľĺӣͷŵľòī񣬻ûüĥű֮ǰʶˡ

̼ѧʱҲȥ̣һССĶ۶ߡŮϲЩǰ֡һף۷ֿǺ£ͦɰЦſ佱˳Ҷû뵽ôƯ´ҲһҪɫ֣ߵɫҲԣҪƯŶ

ÿҵϣҪϵɫ״šҶȫˣԴý״ʾñʾ׽ȫû򣬻ĸ̼߳Ρ֮ǿԺúһ£ѡʽӣҿ԰㶩

̼εɫ̫ãǿЦ£ī񻹸ҶŤͷӡʦŪӦ練Ƶģ¿ķݶˣ뵽Ҷ۵ľȻֱӿҪϡóҶСĺܣԴ̬Ҳָ֮ǰ

ҶûϴһͲ߶ˣҲ͹ŻСʱǳչˣ֮ӯģǰʦֵܺѧУͬѧǣҶĿûдǰôǿˡ

Ѿӵô࣬о֪ͦġ

Ƥڿ˺ð춼ߣСѾʼ緹ˣʳ̼ҽ³Է

̼Ƥ˼£Ҳ˾뿪ˡ̷¸ؼģߣ˼ҶЦ˵˼䣬ãȰҴųҶһȥҰ軹ͦأҪǰҶˣͺ˼ȥԷˡ

ôֲˣæȥҶţǰƴС۵ۡôҲ˵Ҿ˵ôÿһֻι֡ǲȥŲİӻͷ

ҶǴΡ¶㿪ˣûûˣѾˡ

߶˼ĲǣȥˡĲȻһרŸҶ˲ġ

ų˷ڼһֱһһ䣬˼û̸ϡ˵˰ҲʵˣĬĬڷһԡ

СҲеĬۼҾ߳¶֮ǰ˵ЩС廹̫ţ첻﹤ϵһľ϶ˣС̻˼

壬ųȥˣ߷Ŀճ٣Ҿ߳ʱܲԺãЩͷѧ٣¶Ҳͦ

ѣũ룬һҲˡС룬üͷ¶еͻȻĿɶҪǮи豸ʦֹ񻨶Ǯеת

ЦˣС嵹һСƣ²ѣȥҸͶȥ

СӻⱾ£СҲˣɣɣ͵˰ԽԽˣǺǣ

ҲֻЦЦС˸˼

һֱŶͲʲô⻰˵һӵȵ˷۰Ͱ͵뼸˼ֶ˵أ֧䣬͹ˡ

߰ɣҳȥһˣ˳·ǹȥԼ﷭˫ףݸҶȥ㣬ܡ

ȳҶԸߣ磬ʱ仹أһɣ

СͿ˳ۣڸǿߣɰ˵ɣҴҶȹȥҲһ

̸ĿˣǰһţҲߡ·һģͦûˣƽʱҲͦİɣܲ͸¶㣬ЩʲôǺǣҾͦ棬ô׬Ǯȡ

һ֪Ҫشز䲻ߵ·ˣʶ˶ˣȻͳˡ

ֱͷƨƵ˳˵ȥǣǣ⻰˵̫ˣת˻ɾס¶š⼸׬˲ٰɣٺ٣⳵ͦãֿɣ¶һкЩ֪

žûô˼ˣ⻰̲ס¶㱨һǲǣ

˵ʱЦǺǵ˵ҡ

һԱߵĳҶСһɫƽƽʱëǷ쭴ˣֿڶûӦˡƼҶûףڳһֻģ΢΢Щѹû

˵ƽʱϧ֣Ȼͷָͷˣָ߶ҡͣһ£ּһ䡣͸ƵģûٹҰŪˡ

Ҷ㱻ԼĿˮǺһæתͷ򴰻ߡҲǴӷţ߶òͷֲߵӣͦȤҲӦõİɣ
 


100
 
Ҷȥ֣СֵͷҲ۶㣬˵һȰ˶ٽҪЩ

ЩСǰܺ󣬶ԳҾ߳¶Ҳ˽ͼСܽڱȶĿ֧֡ǵȳӰ˵˾ܴǶҪһЩϴλ𵣱DеһҹܻᡣʱûӦԾ裬ȳӰݺһϢģҲȥ˵繫˾ǮмȳӰ

û¶ֻ֣뽨Ҿ߳йصļ˵ˡ

̵ͷȥţֵһͶʵѣȥ£Ͷʡ֮ǶȥСǱߣԸµľ͸ŸɣԸľͻȥĲ˵ܳϷԲŴҡ

˵꣬ЦǴ¶һͷʴң¹ԸԸ¶ȰŸɻǺǡ

һ̣΢΢ǣ˵̫磬¶õһȥûǮҾ߳һػûġСıŵùǵҰɿţҳӡ

ظ֤¶ģأСɳֵмҲϢǴСĽ飡˵ǣûɶ£ôаǣ

ļǷ

̸ϣſСҡ˷˵Ȼ֪Ҷϴҽȥˣ̲סһۣûŻ

Ск£ϱ仰̸ˣôţ˼ҳҶԼҹ갡Ͼϳ̼ҵĺӣ㻹ǼһӲɣ

϶Ǹ꣬ظСһ䣬ôôҪǿţҶҼô

ʲôǴ˼ҳЩҪûҶţûͷˡСϱ˿嵰˵ȥ¶Ż

Ҳ̾˿һֱûһӣȵʱȷʵ뱧ҶǿųҲûܺȥ˵ֻǴԺͰѳҶԼҺչˣʲôһҲҶһݶ

ƽʱҲʲôǼͻȻһ˳ԷͦŤҲûǰô߶ˣСݴʱ̨Ҳû˵ɶܻȥе̨

˸ͷȥףϳԿ׳ȥǱ߷ҲˣȥӳҶ

ãӸ˵⣬ȥذ

ô㣡·Ǳѩģô˵עⰲȫС˵ӰʮŮ־ˣء

·Ϻ˳ԭֻڳϴ߰ȣϾǳҶĳٲϲҲ̫뻹³߽ȥ

ϴһҸպó극ڰڹӡ̳׼ӡϴе죬鲻һСѾƣƼҲͦˣæк¡

óɳϵλԼȥų̼ż־ЦǺǵʣô簡Ҫõϲųɰڿû

̼һʹšԼܵһ£ʹͷ̼ҲĵɻȥܵǴˣķȥ꣬ٲҲǸ쵼ȥ꣬ôҲֲ𵱳ⱿһſھռıˣҲ˵ıǺռô

ԸղŵĻûӦֻǿһȦûųҶ˾䣬ҶأղѧУ绰Ҫѧ֤룬Ҳ֪ѧ֤ĶˣȽȥҡ

ϴæָָͷڳأĸһʰţȥɣѧ¶ɲܵ󣡡

ȥСһ۾Ƽ˵ͷæŰڵĳҶ׼ӭ½ӡҶе㾪ȣʶ̽ͷȥ˿ĹұŰ˵ɣ

ϴϱһ棬˵̵ͷóҶϽȥһˣǴ¶ѧҪأֻҶѧ⣬ѹû뵽ƭ

ųҶظϣ·̲סȰѳͣ·һᡣ

ů翪㹻Ҷ𱧵ֻֽŶҪðؿԷ飬ҶҲò׼ôˣֻ˳

׹ˣųҶıǼ˲䣬»һ絽ֻǼæһҲ뿪

ҶˣزıǼһ£ЦһڣãǵÿǮԼļҡ

СһֱΧڿӣҲǵ¹ģѾںһ̣м˺ġͷģӳԲ˼ǺţֻûİѼǺôЩ

һĿΧſӣ죬ӣ˵˵ЦЦ졣ʮһںžСһ˵һңȥȥһùáҶӾſڲϿߵǶλعͷͿŵ˶һЦñһðɵ

Сӻǵӣ˵Ļ͸һһúʵﶼ

λ˰סҹȥ˯ˡͳҶ꣬ҲûʲôͷÿĴᶼŪĲࡣɴңųҶȥСӸ˺ʳҶҪġͷǣ

磬ûء

á¿żϵСƨɣ˳ָĳһѣʼһͷĽгеţ

һϣҶҲûĽгֻ̲סʱϸϸسһԽţԽ̲ס޲ðȥ̳Ըɾ

лҪ˵
Цĺлƪ
죺һӴ~ӭצצ
԰ף˵ЦһߴǾͻŶ~
죺O(ɿڡ)O
԰ףģ=w=



101 
 
ͳҶһʡǣҶĺǼʦֵӦţҲġ㱨Dе˾ƺܶ࣬˼ż

翴ЩƣƼͦˣк£ô˶ͦõİɡ

Ӧһͦáе꽻֣ǵ̫̫һֱǵ𣬳纰𵽼ȥԷ

ͬ˼䣬ӳ﷭һݲϵݸʾſ֮ǰ̫̫˵㸸׵Ҿ˲£ǰ¶ˣҵĶޡ

ﶯһ£绰˼׷һϣȻ뵱¶йصġЩǵ鵽ĶЩҵĻҪ࣬ͷʦĽ飬̺ϣ

ͷŪ˳Ҳ£ݻȽУ˹£͸ˡȻϴˣ֮ǰ¶˶ţ̫֡˼ʶʦȥ죬°ܳɡ

仰ʱ䣬Լ಻ƵֱҪĳҪˣǾҪžˣ磬ɤӸл磬ҡллˡ

ڰ֣Լֵܣ˵Щˡ˵ЩDеǱ˵緢ĵطôЩûܣЩ¶Ҳ˵׼ˡѾʡߣDҲʣ󲿷¶ȳȥ

ʵˣȥãޣ⻹ȳһѵ²ŻǸȦӵġ

һᣬ̧ͷһ䣬㲻

ͷ˿û˼ƽʱͦչҵġ

Ĭˣüͷ΢΢˼ʲôһּԸ𣬡Ҷ㣬DǱЩԾ֮ǰδػôĵͬ˵Щڲͬˣ֪һˣԴ˿Ǻġܱĸ׳һͬʱҲԼһŶ衣վߵġ

֪ˡȻûк̴ӦнҲΣټֵ¶Ƿࡣٲ˸ңҴȥDС

˭

ë붼û룬ѿ˵֡ȥD֮ǰǰ˶鵽Ǳߣë¶飬˽Ķ࣬ҹȥá

֮ǰȥDûģë;Ҳµȳδؾôģ֮ǰһֵġֶһΣԣ¶㿴Ű죬ֻҪ

ͷϵԼҪˣ翪ڷȳġô˵һ飬޷뽫ԱϢ磬ʱҲиӦ

ëֵĵһ£ǸܻϼңСļҾ߳ӺֲܴڣԱҲȫǸֹС

С岻ܽӴ¶ֻͷľʦƣ˽Ӵֹܡ֮ǰëǻЩʱ򣬻ëũĸ׵飬֪ĲҲ˵ʲô˵ҵˡֻҵˣû˵ġ

ò׼ëʲôģǲ裬¶Ǹϵļɻ䣬˭˭ùһ·ͻë仰ҲҶ˵𿪿ڣҲֻͷӦš

ëũ˼죬Щ˸û˵ʱ𣬡磬ʲôʱȥDаҾҾ߳¶żҪȻȥôǱǡ

ʲôٻȥҲ١ڲŪ»ֻĻСɣĥҲҶŪôԶ绰ʵڲ㡣

ëظ棬һʱҲ˵ʲôҪɻôһ㶼ż

ȷʵһ㶼żŻëת˿һ£صDеʱǱ˿ûҡǵûңڵʱҪƽ

֮ǰƽһѾԼ˵ƽеҸԾˮˮ˼

̫ˣصе㲻

ëɻȳĽӷϽ⿪ˡ˾ûܸȥһԷ˼ͻëͬΧļҲбڣȾƵĺ٣ӶϽëۼ⣬һϳ˼ϼһ£ǰȵʱһΡǼͷɶǲôкģǱȳȥġë۾Ȳ裬е㶮ˡ

ӷ磬ëȥһ·ԥԥ˵Щʲô磬ҸղƼİ

ھƾ϶˼۾Ϣһǻش

ëǵǰǸǵƺ͸ȳн飬һ鲻ǳѹʱҲˡս˾ǻЩϼһûڱ°ӣҲôˡѲȳȰɽʱ򣬿ͷ

ëһ·ͷԡ

ڶûëȥ¶ȥ˾룬Ҫӹ˾˽¶ǹ˾˶ӣȳ֪ˡʱǰȥȻǴǮţȳȥ㡣

һƬڵֻˡһһ٣ԲϵȳʢȻ˸һɵϣԱ߷ŵѾնˮֵͣطȻǱȫ׷źźõġ

ȳڼҾ߳ļƻգգЩƵ۾ͳһǮ֮С輸ϣҪɡЩ˼֪ЩǮת

ҲɵӣǱǮֿȳûҪõ˼΢΢üë¶˼ֽı飬磬⡭ϹذɣҼ¶ǮջȥҲҪ

ȳǺɫ˿ûаڼӵ˼Сϵܣڹ˽㲻ҪһϸЩϸıǮѶ·ź߰

ȳлĥһ˼ָһдֵıֽ޹»磬û飬ǸˣԵ޹ôǮǲ̤ʵ

ǺǣСϵҲԼˣżϸûгԿĵȳЦˣ¶׳ȥЩն㲻Ϲ֧ƱǱƣǲƵּһǮҲ㲻ʲôϸһűǡ

Ҳٽ飬ϵ֧ƱСĴ¶лȳ

ȳԷ˵ı飬ЦˣϾǸˣزס¶ͶˣȳһȦŽЩûв̰㰡

һߣҲˣȳҪżһ㼱̵̻˦ɣ㱻䲻˦ϰ

ȳ佱˿ɵЦ⣬ȷһ֡

һһˤڰûʲôĴ㣬һϣ½㹳ŽˮЩˡ

ٵ㣬ǲ֪˭Ҫ˭

лҪ˵
·˼ףҶƭˡ
Ҷ㡢ƭ==
һѪ·˼ף˵ô˵갡



102 
 
ë˹˾ĻΪ˽˴ִͷʾҪٿһӣϢֽһۣս˹û˵ʲô

ë̴չСֹ˼䣬˵¶̨ϲ˵裬˽ʡëе㵣ģСȰ𼸾䡣磬¶Ǵȥģһ˶ſأҲ

˵ͷûûë˵ȥһɵ¡ʦû°ڳʲôǳ׵īӡʲôġ

ë£æҡͷûţȥţ˵²»

ŻëԴһƣɵʦȥ͵͵һ£ôܽȥˣ˶֪ˣ

ëԴٺЦ𼱰ⲻʦǶҲŽȥʵ𣬿ˣƼ˭ˣ٣ҶĶʲôī񰡣Ҿ͵͵³ҶҶ˵ˣû׵ӡ£īҲûС

üģԼԴҲһۡ

ϹȻӵҶĵ绰ſھīӡµ¶磬ǲ͵͵

ĶҳϰҲ˲óҶŵ绰ƲҡͷˣûУ˼ʲôأǻëԼģҵ¶

ҶǱ˵̵ģڻɣǻëô֪īӡµģ

Ŷʲô֮ǰһֱ߶ǿīͦ˵ģҾ͸߻ëˡȣīĶͦ˰ɣ£¡СС񷽱㣡ϣ仰ʹųҶƫ˻⡣Ҷ˰ɣĻܸô

ϣʦҲתѧһء

ҶʦֵܼѵĿγ̣һԵĹڶĵմרҵû⡣ĻصЩϰеѣ߿ʱɲֻרҵɼģĻβûϷʦܺ˫̥˼ѧ屻Ҷǰ࣬ʦֵܼҹܶ飬ͷ㡣

Ҷ⺢߯ʲôʲôһ˸ղҪ׷ʵĻ⡣ȵ˵绰ӡ£̬ȣҲʲʲôҶͷԼһӡ£ȱһϲܴûǲȥڹ̨ġ

ҲҺ𲻶ЩأȻһ׼ذȥˡ

Ҷһ£ë͵͵Ӿ;úЦҲġʲôʱﶼǹ֪Щͺˡ

߿ȵ£Ŀԣ˶޲һƤ濼Ե˺޲ðԼʮ֪ĶȫдǱԾϣڴſڵҲɣһͷðķԼͷܼ尾

ͬѳͣ·ߵųҶԷҲóҶڳϳԣ۾ϢϽٿ顣ȵһԽŷôǰȥˡ

£Ҫæ¼ûֻڳɼǼ绰£֪Ҷٶķ˿ҪߡǸרҵ߶ţ

ٳͷͿԽˣʦպѹߣͷֹˣ˫̥ĵǱȴʦࡣʦͦ˵ģ˵ϸףһ¡Ҷ͸죬˵ľʦֵܼһ𡣡𣿡

ڵ绰ǱЦ£Ȳȥˣͦæ鲻ʱ䡣ҶҪʲôûë͹ȥǽ

ããûʲôҪġ㡭ʹ绰ļӹ򣬳ҶǱ˵ڼ仹żѯʵŮС

ιʲôҸû˵һ顣ƺǻһֻֽӵ绰ڳֿʼǩ֡Ҫʲô 

Ҵɣһͼ׾ͳɡ

ãͷûëȥ

ƺǵȵȷлشûن±ģ͹ˡҶһཱུäҲ˵绰㲻Լڴʲôܾûһ仰û˵ƵġԽԽ̰˰



103𲽼
 
Ҷûȵ𣬵ǵ˺

ȣź˱農ľǶСںŵӣȻ;ҲûôˡһѴ࣬ϵҲذϼŵϸ۾һ֪ʶ˵ʣȫ·ˡҳҶͶģһī

ϲϳˣҲأСĴСѵõǺٵһ˼֪˶ľŴҶȱôһīҲѵϰͰͶ

ҶƼīҲ£Ϊī㲻ϹصʯҲ̫ңǰŲоͼһҲӦˡ̫һ˵û뵽˿ī

ʦ֮ǰҴк˵кõī£Ƽ½һ飬ˡЦŰīҶֱƣҲ֪¶ȻȣѾЩȡ

̫ллˣҶʵô˵㵱ˡʮа˾ĸҵģīصĴԽԽˣʦȫˣû׼ܸڿѧǰɡ

ԳҶһºͣͬĵĻҲǳҶȤģһϵģһģĵĶܶࡣϳҶ֪һЩܻһᣬҶҲǰ˵ˣûôִҲĳЩʼԼĹ۵㡣

ȥĲֲһǵб¶ȣҾûǸϵڵĺáǸͷĴһ㿴ͺƯҶ˵ˣֳȥںŵָһǷſˣѺԼˡ

˳ֿȥ۹ȴ˳Ҷָϣɾ޳Ź߶˱ļӣ޿ɷһ˫곯طܶŵ֡

ϲˣһ磬Ľ֦ܳѿ׳ɳ

СԺﰲųҶʣҶһʱҲ֪˵Щʲôźã˾ôһᡣ˷ȴԼеڲסˣͷ˿ڲ裬ʱջأٿǸɾ͸ˡ

ʦ˯һɣҵҲЩ飬ҪȻȥɡ²豭Ҷ۾ºˮһֱųҶ΢Ц

ҶæվſڣǱǸʦһ˵ллī̫ʱˣС˯һϰߣҶҲȥˣϺҲӦ

ȵ˯ѣƼҶѾʼ軭īžȵһĶİ

ҶҲˣú˵ʦ֮ǰԤµģУˡ

°ϵĶ̺˰ҲûûаɣҲǵù𰡡ʦǣ˭˵

ҶҲˣΪīĸҵģˣæӹ̨źãŴʦ졣

ʦ˫̥ȥӾȥˣ˫̥⼸ϲˮ۾ҪȥϲϻֲװдСˮɴͬʦֻÿȥչСҲ࣬ʦˣµļڶ˫̥͵ȥϱʱ䶼ü

˫̥һ˵һܽСĴһӾıͱҶȥˣüЦСʦԱ

ллСġҶһͷ÷ˣһŻıǹζ

С䱧Ÿ˶ӾȦں棬໽Уʦ磬ʦ磬ҸģܵٿҲˣȻҲһллίֱߺߣųҶĸ첲֡

˫̥һЦŵܵܿͰ͵ԴһѣοĲҵ

С䱧ųҶĸ첲ĬĬŤͷֿʼһֵıˡ

ʦż˻·Ӱ˵ĶǳȥҰһ㣬ҲСһıˡ

ʦɩӴ绰ֱѵСſڳҶϸ״۾ġ

ҰķأСĴСʦץץͷų˵ıԼڳ̣ǰӱͻûọ̈̄þûҳˡʦۼ⣬һ۾Ƴϵī񣬡Ķϰ

ʦԤ𣿸ղźģ˵֮ǰҪī񡣡ҶҲˡ

ŶŶˣǰһ㲻ǲһīҾ͸һ䡣ʦҰҰıӣʵڲܴľͷﳢζһź治¶ͦİҶŰɣô˼ҷѾģ֮úлл

ʦ㽻𣿡

»ˣҲû뵽ҵʦ¶˻ᡣҪϹذɣȳƷԺٸǮȥһݶͷͳɡ

˫̥ںҧ䣬ߴߴ۲ͣʲôذС𣿡

һʹҡԴγɲ˹ˣû۰˵ˣϹضȸǮٰ¶İ

ҲǵţôʦֵĹؾͲأҲ¡

ץסǺӣһһߣѵǣǶ𣿲ҪýǮʦҲ̸̹֮Ǯ˸鰡

С䣬ʦǲ˵ǽǮû

ۣİҽʮ飡

ÿϧֻ߿Ǯ

Сҳ鰡

Ҷ⼸λҲ۾мֵͦġͷٿǿī룬Ǿմʦ˵ȥŶȥ֮ٶһݲͷɣȷʵû㹻Ǯ֧СȵʦԺͻϾԼӻСҪ׬ǮĶࡣһУǴ繦ģĥպˣշԽߣġĥ󿳲񹤡

Ҫ֪϶ɶۿշѵġ



104֮
 
Ҷĵһ磬ԼֹҲ޵С£ǰĥ¡

ݷõʱƼҶڹ̨΢΢רעһ˫ӳīǳеīƺҲƲ͵΢΢¶İ𪲱۾˳ģ޷̤

֮ǰġ峺ѾʱĳҶǡĸָǡЩͣҼᣬĳҶɣ

в˼ͣԼԽԽȤˣҪȻҲµһѵ

磬ңҶ˶˰ҲЩֵ̧ͷѯʡ

ûУûУæģʦϣ￴ͺáעӵĿ⣬ת̨ϵīС¡˵￴û뿪ҶΧ

ϣҶǴũʱʶˣҶֻˣ˵Ҳ͵ͷæԼȥˡһֶϸ֧ĥīʨ£ȻīѴͣǳҶԲ˿ɡ

ī񶼱ʨӡ£ʨͷأԽԽ򻯣жȣӴʨӡϸ£һʽŵˡ֡Щ֣µĲȻµз֣֮ͬһ֡˳Ҷǿ飬Ǹ顱֣պǴճһԡ𡱡ʽͷڼٺòϲϲ

ЩȻǵɻҲɢȥˣĿⲻƶҶ˫ϡϸ޳ָ֧Ƚʹãָÿܷһ㣬ϤϤҲȱ𴦺οεˣʱʱյϸܵ³ϴָմŵˮζ

һͷСʨӣϸǷϸ塣īС²ӣӴȥһֶصζī񱾾͸һأﵹȵֹƵģ᲻ƿ۾

֪ǲǴ˵ԽСԽϲ

ĴСڰСʨӡչȥҲۣôͽܵջȥɣ

Цʦ̫ˣֹҲСȥĻҵŵĶҪ˦ģ

ĵмһ϶˿ڲ躰һȥ壬߰ɣУþûˣ˵ֿ˼µ꣬æͷඣ

æӦм䣬أʦҪ壬ҿ϶춼ǵʱҪˣء˳Ҷһۣ˷۾ȥһȥˡ

һ߰ڿ֣Ա߰ŵĸɹùú⣬ǲ˼ԭһײߣƫüˤˣ㽫ųԵ㶫ɡĲҶأ

ԭû붯Ҷ֣̲ס֮𼸿ŷŽɴȷʵóԡҶĺհʦ˸ͽܣˡ

ԳҶ۰мӣǹƫ̻Լ˵ӣһһߵͷ˿ܻĽӲ佱ԼͽܡɲСͽʡģѧϳԿִ࣬Կ䣬ͣó񹤵ˣߣŵȥɣ

һЦЦͷӦǡҲ󣬿磬һȻóҶĹסûʮĹĳɾ͡һ壬һ߰ѻյ˳ҶСĳϣʦ֪ҶǼ˵طûУҪǾͽңԷŵ԰Ǳߵ

е㾪ȣ԰үүǱߵˣ

۾΢΢˵ͷǣﳤƵȸһСտǱλûҪȻҲҺƤء

ȵʱʦԼӪӵģһ˹̶ңںϾҪһݰĻܸ˴򽻵Ҳ̤¡ҾӪϵͬʱҲ˼СӣһЩǶ԰֮һܰĻƽһСүӵ˼Բ

˼ת˼ȦЩĳҶһγ˴ֲ÷ᡣ

Ƴĵ˼˹ӣȰοʦģտһ˲ȥҡ˵ˣ³Ҷյͷ𣿡

ˣʵ˵Ҷһһͦ⣬ôɣȥͷˡ

ʦˣҲǿųҶһɳģܰҲˡ¶ۼһӣ̵һöʿǰЦⲻ䡣

Ҷͷ˫ֵ̥Ҳͷҵһ񣬲ǸʼһϺͼƬģͷӣȥ£û̫ģƬʦҲǸк֡е㵣˫̥ɲˣĵȻǶģͷ绰Զ̲˫̥ɵĻ

֪ǲСšһ˵СĺСֻƬܽģµó뻯ʼƬҶԱȣƬĵȫǶȶУǴӼȥϸƣǿʲô

ǿϺðɵİڼȣɱ˫̥ʱǼöˣ֮ǰǲҲͼƬ

˫̥Ǻɵģֵһһͷϸڣʾһ̧ͷӦǰְģ˵ģõһʦóˣôһ𰡣

СһֱȻȻǱģ¹öΣ̡

üЩŪͷΪʲô˫̥Щʵ֮ǰҲЩ

˫̥һҡͷûУְֲǰ񣬳˴ʦû˼ǵĶ

ĸˣ˫̥СҲʲʲôߴߴظ˵ٺúֻðвҪͷ绰Сʵˡ

ڼ˼ΣΪ˫̥ΣҲںԺǣú˼θҶദĻᡣ

ҶǸƺ«̫˵ټϻл˺һߡҲһߺȲţҶϸϸĥͷϵϣƵúȤ

Ҷרעһ㶼뿪̨ĵĹ۲죬ֳҶ뿪ƺΪ˽һ˵绰

ǽʱˣԷҶȴЩһֱǽϵĹұڿȵʱ뿨ʱ̷ȥˡ

ԶԶųҶڵ绰ԱߵģһֻʵͽСèιʳŤͷģôˣͷһƼҶôżأòᡭǽŮ˰ɣǺǡ

Ʋûǻ˽ʮ깦ûͽһԾǻСӡ

˫̥æϵļǴʦܻش˺ǵĵ绰һݾһ绰ÿض㡣

ŶһٿȥҶѾϵ绰ˡЩͣ˵ЩʲôԼԼҶ͸Ÿ˾һֱ˵ͣ

ֻƼҶһӰǻܾ绰ġ硱ԳҶǳҪ˿˵ĸо

ıᣬֱӺһһ˵Ļˣ治֪СãҶҪǸŮͰͰͶرƭˣ

ʵСǡ

˭ǸС£һ쵽ļˣ仰ܰѳҶƭඣɷ߷ߣѾ֮ǰĵ̷𣬱ΪԼСͽܴ򱧲ƽ߯ˣҶµһζûҶϴѧҲֻ˱

˼ЩƮԶˣǲ̫ӣֻиģıƵӡ󡭡

ԶԶ˿ǱߣҶڽ绰ԼǳЦ
 


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ٳҲнʱ򣬰Ҷ㷨ǽʮ绰͹ȥˡīӡ¸ڿѧǰ깤ҶĵķԸȥ˺԰ĵۡ

īֻеȵӣ۸񲢲ߣָռɹռĳصر3000Ԫĵ׼ۡһĳɰջҪǳҶصĵһī񣬾Ϊ֮ǰʦ̫ӣϱǮղǿī񱻳ҶºѼ۸ᵽ֮ǰı

ϻｲ˵ıúˣֵʮҲǳе¶ЩҸһģҲв١

ͽܣںȳҶżβǺȥĺȲˣĳ˺ĳͣʱʱһȦеʱҲϳҶ⵹úͦ˵ģϲͳҶ˵еʱ˲˵ֻŶɡ

˫̥Ҳ֣ǵܺãǾԲܰڳڱ԰ĵط˫̥ƵزҲͰˣƫƫĶĶֱ۾Ǵϸ΢𣬵ӹ˵ģµüԼ档ľͷһСֱˡ

˫̥ԼûʲôĵܰڳҲֻ̾˻һֻԽֶЦˡǻСֶǶµĺӣ˵еʱЩӲΪˡ

ֵſȫǲĹ̨¿СţīüֱҪʳ

СȥŲ۾һգգضţÿ

СĲȵܵܺõȥСڲϼһţ̾Ϣ˾䣬ӦټӸ㰡

ǰ»һټӸ㡣ʦ쿡һͷԳҶţԼʦŸֽԺС

̸۽⼸û˵ˡȻҲԼͽܺãϻҪǫһµģһǼ˰˼ҵĿඣƳһǱߵĹ̨۾⼸СЩ˼

˫̥⻰Լ佱Ƶģĵ⣬ǣСʦȣĶȻƯ

ܱ˼극ƤҪЩźչƨʵʦ̵ĺãʦˣСʦܸţнʵڲװ

Ľ鲻仰üͷչһֻ۾ĻҰԵø͹ʣµһֻ۾쿡ܣЦôѧгϢܰǲʲô¶ң

ʦѵŤһѣѹ٣ʲôǹͿѧ𡭡ʦȥϱȣҲûˣʲô»

ԭʹ˫̥ȥZ󱨵žͼ칦СӦò̫ڣҲʹ󷽵׼ܵļ٣ȥϱ

˵ˣܰɲѧٵĶԼͽѧ¶Ҫϸ׼ʱҲȥһӡ

ܵ˼ֵʲôӦʦͷİɣҪѧٵˣҸգ

Цһ䣬Ͻˡ

ҶԼĶڹ̨ﻹЩġԼĺǻ䱦ǰŴʱǮѾҪˣеļɻܴ

ЩҶչȥĺͺ죬̸ʦֵܼĳʦ

ʱʦģǲǿϸʦֵܼб£ͷķ¹ſһʦǷ¹Ѫ񣬻汻һҵĳˡʦΪ˹Ű壬Է¹еʮֲֹͬˡֹͷҵһ°ã񴺡һһھʹţʦ궼ûԤϵ

˵һЩڿʣСһ߹ɵظ˱衣⣬ӣղŵܡͷǵĴʦ֣ҲЩǵĴʦ֣˵е컬࣬Ƕʦֵû˵ĸ̾ʱ̫죬˳Сһ䣬ˣʦֳʦʲôҵһֱ

С۶࣬գ۾ʶСһ߾ͽˣʦĴ

Сˣֻܸǿͷ

ˣʲô

ʲôǰְֲǿ֡˫̥ҧָͷ㿴ңҿ㣬ͷ˵ˡ

ľͲͷͽܣû뵽ȻʦǴģŤͷȥˣʦأһýһ£

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ɶǻСӣóһٲɡ

³Ҷĸ첲սСƽʱǶôڣһͷһƼʦء

Ҷ΢΢㿪һ㣬Ӧһʦͦãġ

һͷȡ˹ļСҶĵʱҲųҶȤ˵ⲻٳҶ˼֡

ԼڶŪһֻСèСҲèϲëһ㡣ŽŲһֻϣȻվŵĿ̸ƶ˿Ծɢ˵Ϣ

СƣеʱҲҶ󵨵ʱָͷһָⴥʱ̫̣һǷ΢΢Ĵ͸һֱ

мͿѧ˰ɣ𣿡̽ſڣּһ䡣Ϲ뿴ҿԴȥֿơ

죿ҶߴƿЩϧҡҡͷˣҽϾҪߣ첻ˡ

ߣ㲻ʦһ𣿡ЩȣϢɲġ

ˣһҪȥĵطҶԾһȥģҵﶫ࣬ɶǾƷ

ͷųҶ̲סðһ룬˳ǲǡȥǸ

ҶҲˣ̧ͷź۾ѵô˼־ͷó˵ѣ͸ɴʲôҲ˵Ȼȥʰˡ

£û뵽˵ʲôҶĵ˵˼䣬ֱųȥˡղţҶ̬ҪԶĶࡣ

Щͷ۵üġȷʵԳҶмֺøУһǾ⺢һ·ųģ֪֪ףɿģǲԤĸˣҲû뵽ԼڼĳٴƼҶȻϲҲҶӵԼͻƿڣһҪ֪һֻ»Ҫͻơ

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ͷͦãһֱæЩСëϤճҲЩɷŻëȻмơ

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һ仰óҶǰȥʱҲôѵװͰ͵ģڸǲסЦ⡣֪˵á

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ĹҲö飬ſھʹ߸٣Լʱ䣬ĸСʱܵҶںһɣ˾ܼˡ

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ȻʡУǳҶĻΧҲֻѧУСݺĵӣżĳȥȥҲǱ԰ĹŶ֡ԵëѳӿԽԽĵضΣͣһҹܻǰʱ򣬳Ҷ̲סǲߴˣ

ûߴûߴëЦǺǵذҶһСŽȥ¥ϵء

ҹܻװ޵øûʣɫ԰ͺɫΪرɡҶͷһνֵطЩţҺûë֮ǰԸųҶֱӴӹͨȥһ·ϳ˼ű¶Ůûˡ

ҶȻûмŮ˴ģ̲ס࿴һۣȴǸŮ˸۶¶գգ۾Ҷڵؾͺˣ漸Ůֹҧ䣬ƬЦһš

ëĶͷһۣųҶ˸ЦݣļСĸˣһ˵ˬһϡ

Ҷεֱҡͷ֧֧ؾܾˡô˵ǸղŵĻȷʵܴ󣬳Ҷ̲סƳһ۹뿪ıӰȴ𡣡𣿡

ĵƹЩëҲûע⵽Ҷı飬ڴǰס˿ˣ

ҶЩȣܿ뵽ҵϣ̸˺ܶǲǺæ

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䡣ëѳҶ¥һǰ棬£ͳҶʾԼȥԱмҲĲ˲֮ǰ˺üˣ˵ҪȥءȥλӣȻԷ

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֡ȥҶ̲סСһ䡣δһˣԼҲһ˫ǿ׳ĸ첲αסϤŶЦʣʲô

ҶûͷҲ֪Լ˭ǲԾţҲôƣôڣһΪ㲻ء

ǵز˲䣬ô᲻ڣһˣò׵ȵ߹ĵô졭ϤϤֻ󣡡Ͳסˣɴһѽ˷תǽ˼ڡ

ΪţǸҲ̫ášҶ˳ӵ΢΢ſ룬ƫƫ˳ӣ۸ø롣

ͷڿǻһ飬һСûзŹζ֮󣬲ŰԵؾС๴סһҶǵֽţűſȥ˷ɳϣһ˵

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˯һšҶһ£ԼȥͷȴǱסָõҧһ¡ǳҶʵʵȥԼûȥ

ָµͷҶһĺƢû¾ͱƽˣû˰ɣ

Ҷһ尤һ̵žۡ

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ղŵĽ̫ңҶͷڻЩ飬˵úˡǵţûǰЩŪ꣬ʦ˸ȥˡŶиʦȥϣӲԶı԰绹ǵðɣǰҴǱɰֽ͹ߡ

һţһָ߽ڳҶķ˿ظŪɦŪСèĶƤһ㣬ѳҶ۾һ㡣

Ҷȱ˯һͳԷˣԱһ˯

ҶĶ˯ڳ˯ˣŵ֮ܶ࿴һᡣҶֱס𣬳ϤϢϻİ̲ζ͵

ƼСӶ£ԼҲ̧ţǲоζȥ·¡

Ҷû֣ҡͷû£ߡ

һ仰˵ĶŷŻߣһûëѷڷԡ

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ȻûʲôģҲǶųҶųҶֻĶסȥëں÷֮ҲùˡĳҶļ򣬵߰ɣȳԷٽ˵

ֵǰڼӣԴëˣһԷëĸӵȥӳҶܿˡ

ҶˣԷҲر㣬ʲôͳʲôëǻҲ鲻ſ˾Ц磬ƳûУҶǰø˧ˣ

һţŽҶЦⲻ䣬𣿡

ٺ٣ɲղ¥ƼСѩǣǼ̿ĸҶһǣأëɵǺǵ֣˿ûƨĵϡ

ǱɫˣĿֱӴü˳ҶһۣŶҶĸˣ

ҶһۣͷǷ̫û

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ڶˣգ͵سëһ֪С麦¡С󣬶ԳҶСϰ֪̽ȥ٣ŻղΪʲôңƨˣ

Ҷ͵͵һ̵ۣͷȥһʲô

û壬ֱ˵һ飬ˣҶŵǵСίҲˡ

粻Ҳҿһ۶ôë˵һֱסһıɡ

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۾һգգضųҶƺŪס

ҶС뿪Ҳ٣ղŲǽһɾѿڶšʡһأ񱻶һᶼ첻ÿˡҶ룬ԱҳԱˡ

˳ȥһŵɳϣڶҶ㵽ˣ֣мֵĴĦԼӵ˼Ҽǵʮ塢ʱûֹʲô¶ụ̂ûȾƣҲûŮѡ

Ҷͷ˵

սˣСǲŮˣţ

ҶƤӵ¶£û

°ͷСͷزţѵõƽͣ˵ôţҲ֪ôġҲˣ˵ʲôҲģҶҪ˭͸˵Ů˲Уǲʺ㡣ҪҸŮѡ

أҪһ𡭡

üһһ˵ĺҲŮˣǰûҹԺҲҡ

ߵ̷ˣ߬½ǣҲҡͷЦҶԴС˾䣬һӲңҾһӡ

Կ˶

ҶϴϤ¶ȣǺһ̿ļϣȺ˸жָͷ֣óҶжʹգ۾ܿסҶʹţ᲻֣жҪ˵˵ˡҪ벻һΨһץģһ˵ů

ˣҲϲˣֻϲ㡣Դգ۾׹ҶСԴﶼЩʲôĨһǽȴǲܺҶ̽Դ˺ˣ˰ô˻ޱӣСÿָýѵˡ椣ٿ椶Цˣǻô簡

ҶſӦһð̧ͷһ˫ͨͨ۾¶СһһۣͷȥǾöˣе㷸𣬡ңûš

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𱻳Ҷż仰ƢųҶѹͷŻᣬҰæ˾¶м߯ٵһĸˮ뷨ӳءݻǸǰһմһıߡ

Ҷţͷһ˵ЩӲߵ߰㡣ͦ鷳İɣ

һɰɣӦùȥôʱûǱʲô鷳ûУ㡭ûһ伸ڳҶʵģģ

ÿæ룬ȥСݵʱҲ룬һ˯ʱҲ롣Ҷͷ׵úĴһһϡë˵ס£硭һס𣿡

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СˣԴ˸΢Լˣ˯ɣҲˡ

ҶDס죬ʱ伸ûҹܻĴţ˵ûš

ˣźˮԷȫõķ˵ģһιڶٱܲġҶҲǲЩʽÿθճԱͱƭŪȥƺֲûĿհף粽ĽҶڴ۸ˣҪųҶȥϴּŽ⡭ҶعϣĻᣬ߸һһĽлȨû

ҶԼ߽ģȥģһӻˮǰһ춼ûóҶЪţѳҶŽʱСԺĻû˯ѡ

컹죬Ҷ˳˳ǰ鷢˯ٱȥ§˯һҲֻ룬ҳˣѡ˲ͬ·ҪȥҶܡҲܵҶǰ;

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109е 
 
˳ҶɻҹܻᡣסһʱҲ׼ŲѶˡæ֮ǰ࣬΢ͬɶԺմߡżҲ٣ҲȥӦһ£âظһ

ҹܻ֮ǰĸˣ˵ܹ˾µʲô꾭Ӫ˵˭Ķˡٸ֮ǰ磬ȥ֮Ǳ˸DеȳȳǸˣõһֲãõģһ۲￴ƫƫֵµҸǳ̰ơ

ҸƺܲȳΪʲôҹܻύһ⣬ͷЩСƽø˵ĵ

ٱȳйȥʱﻹֹǸԵ벻ͨ

ȳİ칫һͨС¥ϣ濴Ż˵ģװ޵Ҳ񣬿ܰϸţȴѷõĲ϶Ǽġվڰ칫ҿǽŵԱߣյСʳӾͨһ㡣

ȴĽͨˣϼһǸ̹һģͷȥ壬ң

ȳƺһ߶Ūı㣬һʵʱ㶢ôӴЩʲô˰

ٳһյСģ˴˸мı飬ܽӴʲôˣ£⵰ѵǮˣð֮ǰȫһˣҲ֪ϴôͶãҪ˵һˣֺݵСӣߡ

ȳʳ£վֱᴷ˼£ԸٵСΪãɣҼȥԿ

ģȥߡˡϻҸСӲͻôǸʱ˸ȥǱߣ⼸ϢԼ˴ġٴս˼ȳֹ䡣

ȳı黺˲٣ȷûʡôֹϴǰϴļҲЩ

ٺܿ϶ҡҡͷûУʡǱһС죬ǼûǸǸС˾н飬մ׳԰׺ȵġ

ȳŶһǸ˾СëǰɣԽͦԽһ㺬ǣ˿Ǯ򶯡

ףһȥͰ¶ˡԥԥģ˰컹ǿȳ壬ϷôĹ򡭡бҪôҾðװ״ôһҹܻᣬǲе

ȳڰ֣ǮʲôϴβҲƼôһ˵һҹܻ룬ٸһǮ´ࡣһۣ۵ģ̾˿㻹ᣬ۹ⲻҪôխųԶһɡ

ϼųͣѵǣҾе᲻ãϾǾӪôꡭʲôֺõЦٴ˳ȳĻڵȷʵƨ㲻ϣǺǣˣСָԺܸ߶ѧ㶫۽أ

ȳҲ֪ٶֹʲôϴͬһ׮һϵƣֻҪ͸¶Ҳùˡȳӻȥٴٹ۲켸죬ȷıߵˡ

ٹӦǣȥˡ

̸µ⣬һ׮Ҳû̸ɡһҲż½ѡѣȫдܵЩ˵̸⣬ȴһԺȣſڱ㴵ţƤû¥ЩѡҲֻڱİ֣Լġ

ҲΪ̾ƵһһƲŸҽҶӹ졣Ҫ»кܶ࣬ʱҪҶһ棬Ĳˡ

ƹһȺ̨ϵƯ裬ȫŵĹ󷢽ǳŹġ

һռ˴ɳб棬ЩȻζĿЩڡıҶˣŻҲ£ҶŸ߼ʱ䣬ȴ֮ǰ»ʱȥţˣڸèצץƵ

𻹼ǵóҶǰһʱ򣬹˳Ĳˣ˵ʲôʲôԼȰڳ˵ƣȻҲˡ

磬̻ҪˡһߴԱߵĹСĿһЩŸ̻Ҹ׵ݵǰҪ̻ҡģ㲻϶Ưȴˣġ

Ƕûϵŵ̿ϨˣҲûٻһ˼ņ̀ͷһۣŸһ̣绹Ҫ𣿡

ԼͷˣƿǸݵߵ̣ˣ̫Ҳá

ЩΣԣԣ̫Ҳáͷϻ߬Ṇ̀һʱҲ֪˵ʲôá

Ѷ࣬ƼҺش֣ǹһڡﵹǺܶģᣬֲͿˣĻȥĲ͵͵Ǳ߿һۣĴĹϣƽ˼ҰԵ˧

һҲֵ̫𣬺¼ҲˣԵȥˡһᳪ裬ëҲһף˷սϰžͱƿˡȩ̈ͷһۣˣ١

ٿǺȶˣŲе㲻ȣƣžһģأֵͦİ˶ֻʣﻹڷİ֡߹ȥϵ˷ãػҲôһѣߣ⵰Ϊ˭Ҳ߿һۡޣ

ûɫȻãüͷ֮͡

ëСܣæվԲ˵ĻҲԼ˵ģ٣ʲôǶһһ˲˵һ˵ˣ˭ģҲүġ߿һۡ𡭡

һȵëϣǸʲôҲ˵ЩƵǱߣָλƾָ㡢Ǹʲô

ǸʲôҲүģһƿơٵͬʱĻŭ

ȫǵõźţߣӲټһ￪ʼɼܣŵǾḻıڣʤ˶࣬վԼӪⳡսв̾ͼ˺졣ĿokֳȺ嶷ŹİŷǵļҳһƬ

 

110ƻϣ

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ȳ鷿еɳϣҲ£һġ

鷿ԶԶģռɳһͷ

ȳЩΣǴڸôܲԼ˸Լ˹ȥ̧ͷһۣŵ˶ЩˣϻЩ߲ѪǳԿˡǵ¶ҲһЩʵһҹܻᣬԼֵܲڴ⸱СҪɣһӣǣ˰ɡ

û˵ǣŵǼڻԼҲüʱǰͷռ˼ֱˡȳ˵ҲˣתתͷӦǣκȶˣȷʵĲ̫ԡ

ƽûٱҸ˽ʹӣô˵ֻû

ٱƵе㷢ëŤͷȥȳ

ȳһ𰡣ԼֵܣиĿģҪЦ

ջĿ⣬ȻЩǿǴӦҲʹ죬ô࣬ġ

ȳ¶Цݣ֮ǰһǮ˵ҪľʱЩȥЩֵʲôǻҪϣЧȫȻͬˡȻû´ʲô˶мĶͶˣһݴ顣

ֻҪҪĶͲѿơ⣬޷һȡ裬Ӳ̰һ㣬ıҸӺãҲߣҲҪѪҺʱȳ΢΢ȥüۣܴϸܵڵıҲܿǹɲϷľͷ

ȳתתϵָЩǵ۾ɫĴǰˡѪյͣһգһ׺ݡ˵ҪҸð֣ѡĻҳ׺ݵǣֽթĺꡣȳƵϡһƥǣһƥצӷմѪǡԼõҲδɡ

ɢ˰ɣٹһƣϵĹ뼸ҳǵǸȳƽķԸǣϵָĥʾٸµȳעƺҲСˣͷš𰡣ȥúϢһ£ȥ㡣

û뵽ҪСӰôͷȻЩȳˣҲֻķݶߵʱñӺһＷ֣ǱСˣ

վȵ˳˳֮ǰ䣬û

ϵ˺ǳȻѪ˲٣ֻǿˡ˿ڵʱ򣬻ҽҪһƿȥ̺۵ҩࡣҩСʿΡΡذҩݸһѪǱּһȺͷɷ붼֪һȺᡣ벻ͨôỹô

ҩٹͻ٣ûϵԼҲҲʡϲ̣ȻҶƼˡ첻µز£ΨԼҵλЩ˼ɡ

Ҳ֪ǲĵӦϳҶʹ绰ˣ߶µģҧֶ磬ǲǳʲô¶ˣҽһ춼ܾ¶

𰲸û£һֱ˯أʲô¶ûСҶǱ߻ʣֱӹ˻ôˣǲǲˣ

ҶӦһе㲻

ʲôе㲻ɵԼû֪Ķ绰ҩûҸ绰ȥҽԺ

ãʦ³ȥˣѧУ⡣绰أѾҩˡϹͷҲۣ˯ʱ˴һҶЦ£ѵÿ˸Цһ룬û׼类˴ˣҰֵһݶء

ɫãŻͲҲԾϹ˵ʲôأ˼룬úϢ죬ҲȥϿˣʦ٣𣿰ʱҩˮ

һᣬ𶼲֪Լô˵绰ϵ·ʪһƬԺвͣĻطŸղųҶ˵Ļ۵ʱҲۡͷһκбӦԼԿ࣬µ۳ҶҲҪٰϧһЩԼˡ

ΣӦ鶼Ҫɣܷһ˿øռϣܸıʵϣҲֻаֲõøȫһЩƽһ飬ͨ˻ëĵ绰һˣЩ·Ըȥ



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ھƶѮ³ͷһ£ٳû˰ھƵ¡

еֻ¶ǻһȥٳ˸췭ظ³ͻȻû׼ԴϽʵʵ˼ƿӡԴưϴ˵ҵĶࡣ

ȳǼҵĴϰѶʱֳձϴλҪء

ԴſɴԴס˰أƳѪҲˣһǿźûͼһ

ǰֱҸӵΧڴ룬¶զõΣĮ̇ҲҲڵţһſЦӣҵ׺䡪֮ǰŪĻڵļβƣȫ˽ŵ¡

ϢЩ鲢ңܿȶεһԤϵǼϼһˡʱޣֻԼķգνִֻһȳӪǳϴƣһǣųȥ

ǰѾôʱȳһѣĵľȳҲżûDеЩ֮ҲβƵģȳҪ֣ΪʲôȲһѡȳԲŹĵĻᡣ

ĶˣȳȷǺżҲȷʵҪ̰ĵ¡һҸӣֿһ۱ֱջ׳֦

Ҹطһ£İɡȳһֿҸӣҴҽҵĳȥɣ·Ҳðһˡ

ȥһҲ¥źεĵطȳ£ָ˼ϼһD˵ϻԵģǼȳϡģһһͣǰȳ˵

⼸ϼһȻô¶ˣЩǵĵҸӴһѹ

ʲôǰǵ¶ˣҲ̫ƫС˰ɣԴϻѪأǸˣһﲻסԴϰһƿŭվˡ

Ŷô֮䶯ҲԭġȳһۣƺҲ˵

ܸɴ࣬üë٣Ｗֶڡ

£Ǻܿͽ˿ڣڣʲôڣҡ

˵㲻֪ǸİɣȶĽһķߺޡֵѪ޵ľҪЩʱ򣬻Ҫжġ˵²֣һɻ䡣

ٻЩ飬ȳǱƳһۣܿջĻҲЩİˣǸ֮ǰȷʵֵ¸ɹǶǹȥ¶ˣ˵ˣԼµ𣿹ܡʲô¶

ȻЦˣ٣Ǵˣ֮ǰ㵱ڰɣ£˰Ϣ͸¶˵˵ʲôȤ¶밡֮ǰŮʲôţţԣǸۿλϰա

ˣԼȱµ¶ֱ̫ˣ̰ȥﶼǴĸڣȻǴ粽ıڣȻҲ֪ð˾Ųʮ

ˣΪ㳶Щ¶Ϻ˵˵ͿԿѣүӳɫˣʮа˾ѾĻµȳҲ𣬶˸ҡ

ǣ׵һ仰٣̸Ÿ͡һùƱڣųЩǷʲô

ȥģⲻһƱڵ¶٣Ҳȱôˣ˼ǲ̫صˣǱһ仰㱬ˣ˴ֿڡһ˫۾Ҳݺݵضţĺһ˿Ҳ٣߰ʱҪˣô

ȳ˰죬ˡ֮ǰҲ˵ȷʵǰһߵǱߣˣԲŪ˽һΪ¶˼ʶôֵ˵ĲԾҲǷ͡

¶е㲻̫ʡȳƵתϵİָ˿ڣ˵䣬ֿ𣬡ûҾҲ̫ʡ

ߵ˹һӸȳȳһۣϵתתʾ򿪿һ¡¹Żʵ

һǹĽ󣬵ﶼһɱ֮СһȳĬĬؽ£ǳݺ

ȳԵƫ̻ϵļϼһҲзִ磬ƽһ浹бߡҸӳƿҪЩ˵˵̣һͨϵ˵Ҳܡܲõ˺˵ȳԸģҪžͲDлˡ

ȳһԼӲͷȳҲӲͷӢۣȳҸ֮ʵ˼ȳȷʵǿϽûѵʱ֣ȴոսŵʱ͵ͷƺϲ˳ͷֻǴѰҵԼ

λЩçײˣ¶ͷ˵˵ҾܹҪǶЩҲܰæȳô˵

֪ˣллʵıֳ˵ĿֻźͳɣԥŵͷӦˣȳ˼𾴡

ȳıֺ⣬һ飬ֻҪҪʵߵĵط϶ٻ

ĿȳȥԼĳһ˻ȥˡëǸ𿪳֮ǰҪ¶ëֻ֣ǴҪʲô磬ֵǻǰҹܻס£

ţ֮ǰ˵ҷЩǮ֮ôɢ˰ɡӶͳƤУҲûֱһȫͳëȻЩѽ˵ȥҽԺЩҽҩѣҪʲôҪҲܸҿڣһܲܿˡ

֪ˡëӹǮЩԥϾ̵ӣҲƳȳﻰ˼磬˵Ǳߣǲȥ

ں߱Ϣһǻش

磬Ǿôˣ᲻ᡭëһ룬Ҳ£û˵Ĳ塣˵ﻰǾϴ󿿵ס

ƤӶһӵëȥĳʲôͰĴţҳ¶зִ硣٣ʲôʱôġƵģ

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ݵȳǱߣĵ˻ëһģû뵽ëϵˣû뵽ëұۡ¡

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112

ٸ˼γͻмֳ˼ۺļơȳֻϺ꣬յĺзִ磬ؼʱͳҪ顪ѾǰҺͽˣֳ˼ȫƫ̻𡣸ȳǣСӣҲǰеѪգԽĹ

һϻɹֱ˯ֱ͵ZеĳɡȥǱ̸һĿ˳·͵͵ȥһء

ӣһúø죬ҳһֱΪԼֵ߱ĺãŵôһ̵˵֮߱ǰҪ꣬˵Ǽٵġ

ӦһµܣģҰСᵽZԺС⣬ҸҶ

Ϊִһ飬֪ǲѾˣӴ⼸ñһ¹ӣġһ⡱Ҳˣֳ¶źöˣȳǱ߾;Բ͸һϢĿ϶ҲͲٻˡ

Լϵүͷ֮֮ǰ࣬ԼҲŸˣǾ֮ǰԵǵ಻ʲô¶ͦðգҲΪԼмְܸɲŽģΪһžۣЩֵáȻһžﲢǸߵĸɴʹŮˡѾܾûٴϢĪѾŮ˳ˡ

ZȻȥƳҶһˣ֮ǰ𳣰ѳҶŻŵģǲ඼֪ôһܵܣȻˣġ󷽷ȥѧУ˳ҶѧУʳó緹ѻëڳϿͿȪˮ

Ҷȥʳö¥С£Լȥ˶˹ƿϣСʱǳȵֲĲƿһ˸ܣ๾ðűݡ

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⼸ˬʱǻһûһ˸ҿġԼҳҶÿҲôҿ伸䣬ǿҲ͹ˣ˭ͶֻצӣŸװŪ£ǲ;ߣоûʲô

ҶһûСûһֱչǸ硣СҶӼʼ۾ֻ̧ͷ𣬸ǲסĸ˵һСεۻôпչˣæˣѧУûʲôóԵģϻشʦ˵ըóҾһݶ㳢ɣˣҸ˵ûУҵСȥˣȻ˻ûǸ˶С

߰٣԰ɣŵһ£ﺬЦ⣬ÿظҶһʱ΢һᣬԾҲСЦûꡣ

ǰΪ㻹֪أٺ١ҶæŰѴķ˼𰮳ԵİǰһСѬϸ˴̡ͣԵɣҲڵʱ϶û㣬֪㲻ϲԣ٣ȥû¡

Ҷʳͷ۰Ͱ͵س꣬ŸˡһٷҶ˵һҪ˵Ļû˵עǱżķСͷȥʱҶʶذѷԵϣŷ˳һʪСࡣ

ҶƤȻûֻһ¾ڵغ֧֧ĺðֿ˵

һЦ鳹׺ʳ˶࣬ôСѾ˿ˣҲû۸ҶٳҶ͵ָͣȥ˳ҶĽҺῴ£ѧĽݽͦʣųҶüͷ

ŮҲԽվڴ̨濴ƼһĨۻ½¥

Ŷһ¥ϴ·԰Ķϴ·ŮҲԽҶæҵʰᣬտѧţֵǲͬϵĻᣬ˶˹ŵضҲûˡҶЩΪѣֻһ̣ܲ˵ϴɣ

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ҶǻڲӣԷˣŶһ

˱§ڻսСһڣ˼ʲôأţ˵

Ҷû˵̧ͷʹչȥ۾ȥʱԼҪڲסˣͨͨ䶼ֱҪȥ

ңһ𡭡ȥס

仰ʱûҧסСͷ



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ҶһûѧУֻ춼ܸ˵һ˯ţοǼһﻹһֱĴֱóҶˣȥһϣʲôʱ˯ŵҲǵˡ

ҶڶѵõĳٵˣҺڽݽϹΣʦŸտѧ˶Ҳû˫̥͵͵򿪽ҵĺŷųҶյֱСһ۾ˡСͷֱСŵܵܣԼҲһ

СҧİֱҶС˵Сʦ磬ղʦѧŻشţʦشˣһ֣˵ָָǰŵλãɺǣ߻еλÿαռˣǸġҲʦֵǰλã˫̥ŲҶŵġ

Ҷ̧ͷһۣͬѧΣԱߵĴʦͷ͵͵ڷšʦֻϱŽƵֱҪˡ

ҶҲ˸ֻģͷʦľһ̫ϲţƢ¶ϲֱ˵һһֵĿ̫鷳Ĳļӣʱ̧ͷͷĸòŷšҶֻ̫õﶥǽӸ绰ûǽ£ƺرæ绰ʱҲˡ

һСѾֱˣָͷһδģŤͷСʳҶСʦ磬ϻȥס𣿡

Ҷ˵ͷҪæ죬Ȼȥ

С۾£ǻҲֱ𣿡

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ģⶼĶӰСɵȥֻһ۾ͱҶ

Ҷ߬죬ϸǷ̣֧֧ӦһţߵĳҧġɡһȥҩĨϡ

һҶѳµĿϵһţ̧ͷҵͷ΢һ϶˿ǰ߲ۡ

ֻаΣҶǰԼģԼҪһȥ䣬ҶԭΪҪزȥˣȴû뵽Ť˹յĽ˸Сͬ

һŵϾͲ¥ѧУҲԶԱ߻игסŵͦųҶ˼ңʵĺϸ£͸ҪסܾһҶЩ֣Ҳϰ𵱼ңѡת˼֣ѡһԺӵһ¥ԺȻǰũʱסûȣҲǿܰǽѼܡ

ϸһ飬ִ˳ⷿ˵֪ⷿԭǳҶѧУһϽʦģȥŮϷӿһʱһֱȥ𿴷ӵн˵ˣʵӺܺã⸽ס󲿷ֶZݵϽʦͽ̹ѧѣǺǣҲе㲻ǡ

˵ͷ˵Ͼ˵㣬ʰһסŻǺĵġ£ֵͷʳҶһ㼸ϿΣ

˵룬еʱϹξǾŵ㿪ʼҶеû׹Ҳʹˡ߸˵꣬ƼǮһ¸ҲסˡⷿʲôֲסѧУͺá

ԱߵнСǼ仰˵ˣϽ˻ǺǣѧУס࣬˼סĶԼһס̹˵ˣѧУΧסҲʦذȫסҲĲǣ

סѧУҲܰȫҶѵõļ֣ʵѾ˵ס޷ѣЩǮѧУɲΪ˻㡣磬Ĳ

ﲻ׳ҶǵС˼ʱһǮ޲ɼ껨ǳҶСûΪǮΪʡϰˡųҶԼʡǮģ̹Ҳס£ʰʰ䣬ʱǼλסҪæͰչһʱ䣬ҲһģһҶסġ

СҪס𣿡Ҷ۾ˣʵųƺҲСһң۳ҶģҶ̲ǮˡǵðĴһ£Ҹտˣɵ̫ã˯

һͷЦɳҶҲ£ǰųҶ˵нȥӲЩĴֵҲãЩ϶Ҳ˲ٿ࣬ܶಹͲЩֵĸã󵨵ԸܴһҲǱָģүǺйͬԵġ

һ˹ֵ¶ٺˣиҶչ˱˭ġʵһ˽ģһóҶֶӴʱǵ¶Ҳ˵үҶֺûģѳҶҲӦ˵İȫǳҶҲĲµļˡ

ԱɵڴȱЩҾߵˣǵĻȶˣ˳ҶԴѣס˺׽ʵʵϣ׵ı죬ҶɵǣŰ춼ڿİͣ磿

ϲǵôӦ۸˲Żгɾ͸аսñǼ˲Ҷģһڣţôˣ

ôˣҶԴǸҶýˣҪ׼˺һ󲽣أн黹ߡ

ˣǻֻſɳҸǮˡȥ˵ǽ϶ĥ̲סϸ뿪ĵط̽ͷȥ۵ζﶼȥˡٴλʱӦþҸ˰ɣ

ҶæҪܾòһˡԼСͣҲѵõᡣڼҡһչ˺Ǽҵˡ

ҪȥĶҶ¶Уʶץĸ첲յýҶûȫ۾΢΢зſı飬ֻģĸӦһЩ

ͷڳҶֹ˼䣬˲ת˳Ҷע۾Բˡ
ʲôҪҡû׼ô찡磿33Փ8

첲ǽϣͷͷŶͷĴ£ٳϱҲüŲǣȸүദˣүһ˾Ͱ͸ˡ

ҶһЦҲɰͰ͵Ļڸͣǣ͸ңһӣ㣬㲻Ļ

ɫ˲䰵ˣڵÿףһֳֻųҶ°̧ͷԼ飿ʲô飿ǼҾһӣ費ҲһôãǴһһɣҶҸ˵ⱲӲ飬ҲŽ飡

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Ҷ졣۾ڵһȾŨīĵˡ



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ʹˣҲһЩ飬֪ʲôֳͬҶҧҧüѣЩѿ㲻ģûҪΪôһߵ·

˭ˣüͷøڳҶߵʱƺ¡

Ҷͷ͵ĸСĽ˼䡣кܶЩ飬˵ҲǸͬûǵ¶˵ȥûκˣҾȥҿţ˵

軹ȥˣ𼵶ʵؿ췢ˣԼŲŵıƼ˵ⶼҪ͵ˣҶɵ˰ɣһֱڲԣ٣ǸպԶ㣡ûԺ

ᣬҾȥ˼飬֪

֪ƨͷ˳Ҷһ䣬ƼԼСȦԾط°͵ȡٿȻڵģҪȸղһЩպĶ˵ʲôˣңһҲš

ңҾи֪ô˵˺һȻ硭һҶŵðǸȥĳƺ֡ҽ鲻ϲˣ˵֪Լ˲һ˵˹ͬһЩ¶ԽԽ£֪¶Ҳ֪Щ

ɵǺǵ˵ԼҲһˣɶҲ֪ȥ鿴ýֺͷҲ³Ҷʱ˵ʲôɵµľǣ϶ֻ˵ԼΪҪȥ鿴ͬôһ¡

ֵǸŵöֲ˵ĳҶǺӺȦͷҲӲˡɤļѵ⵽Ҳ˵̾˼Ҽ仰Ͱϵ׶ˣɵɵ

硭Һ£һֱج˯ţ´Ҷ֪´һƲ㡭ϴλĿ޳ˣҲȥץֻ֣߬һڲſ

ôⶼùܵ¶§ʹһѣѸСԴһѣ˵ôɵҿô»ʲô벻ֱңȥЩ߰ˣҸ˵أΪŮĻᱻ۸еҲг¶㶮

ҶʵͷӸղſʼۣȵסʱϤůᡣһ㶼ֿ˵һʵڼѣûм˵ףûѵ⣬ܶʧǱҶǱϵ˸񣬲ϲ˵ģΪǸСһ𳤴ġѡʧһеĽȢһŮˣŻǻȥ

Ҷ󲻵һŮһӣһͱˣҲҲϣ˰ɣĸ鲢⣬ȥĽ˼̤һ϶ά˵ʱ

Ϊһ賰ԶֱͦӲˣһôʵǷ룬ֻҪ֪ǲǻһ

ţҶĿǰ뵽ҲΨעǵĵ·ѣҲ÷ſҲֻҪŬҲıɣ

Ǳһ̣һŴ̵ӡҶáռ˽뷨ԺѿƵȥ롢ȥܸõģԸԼеģԸе࣬ԸΪһʸԼںͽȫĳ롣

ôһǵĸѾһţ顢顢ĭİ飬ЩһҲ᲻ö¡Ըɵһѡ̰ĵҪӵȫ

Ҷ΢΢ЩĿ˿ڣ֪СʱһֱչңôҲ᲻ҡҲϲŮ˰ɣоԼĸ첲øҶЩʣ촽׵ĴҴҽͣǸһȻ࣬ҡҲŬܵ񣬱ҵ˻ȥʦҿݰɼְ׬Ǯҡңչ˺磬Ҳչ˺ǡ

տʼ˼䣬ǾƲסСں£ʧȥءû˳ģһСļһĿʼצӡ

ȻҪǸһȷʵͦģʵûҪ

ûҪһȻȥҸƨŮ˽飬պһ𣿡ñǿ׺һһĲˬƲסķᡣ˵ҶòպС˰ɣ֪ӿһ;ⲻǸöģǽǡ

ûУʦĿˣֻͨѡҶעԷǰǼϣŵڸǲסѹǻֿʼĿİͰ͵ĽҪǽĻõҡҳˣԼһũȥܵ񣬻̵׷ӿסһ˹áСϸϸģ˵Ļô¡

ˣ۶۵ֱӣһҲԼ˼ҶôǿģϲңѵͲ֪жϲ㣿Ҹ㰡ҿɴû㡣ǵС˼һ̧Ҿ֪ȣɶ֪㿴ܿôҾͲô꣬˩ڼÿźһźá˵һΣˣԴЩ¶ϹģʵʵѧǮǻԼСңӻںͷء

һ㶼ᣬ˵ĻȴմǵĶҩóҶ޿԰εȥҰʮǰ֪·ߣҾȥһ˭ҲС

Ҷǿᣬƴͷ

һᣬ˽ëʪСģҲšһƵģڲ֪Ұж಻װɣ㵣ĵЩˣһľ̤ʵʻضʲôܣĸҹӾͳɡҺòװô˵߾߰ذɣȫũ˿ɶ֪Сϱء

Բ𣬶ԲҿƲסԼһ𡭡ҶứĵԴǱ֮һֱجΣôǵӰȫСʱ˵ǣ裬ҲˡԼһԽԽܲãѾֲˡһẦ㣬ء

ƨ˵˵ʲôأСʱĻ˰ɣһ»ڳҶƨһơ㻹ǵóʱжҰɣ˭Ҫ¶СƨɿҲ⣡

Ҷþûô޹˳ͷһ󣬵Щ˼̧ͷˡʱ̫࣬ͦҵģԭŹʱԼ뷨һҪϢһ̼С뷨ȫ֪ˡ

СŰο˵Ļ˵㱧Թĳɷ֣Сʱʵˣίˡ˶˵ֱӸ˵ҡ͵ˡ

ҶСһ䡣

չȥŪʲôû˵һ飿

ҡǲ󣬵Ǳȸղĵ׺Ƶġ

ˣҸˣ´ٸҺ˵˵Ǿһ㰡ֻ˼ƨϣĵԽԽʹùȵǸطһָɵ²˴

ҶϷ죬Լϵȶȿͨ·ȥˣƬŵĵطҲ˵

߰ɣȥϴһҴȥԿףȼԼס˳Ҷƨһ£ſϻ¶Ȳˣٹ㣬ûΰɣ

ûСҶϴɾ۾е죬ǻáʲôʱ

ü߿˵Ҫ̣û˵ڡ׼ŰɣܵõȵײϢɡ

ãǰ׼˵ֳҶЩŵģԥһֿڵȥԳȥ͵Եʲôġ

ûӦȥˣͰʱ䣬ȥ˷ҡ

ãֻԿףһ·˳ҶѧУҶܸЩźԸʧ˫ֵ̥ܡС仹ڵֱƼҶ۾Сʦô簡

Сһ߸ʦһŪּļʯͷͷҲصľ͵ˣҾ͸˵ˣӶ࣬СʦϿ϶ס

ҶǱ˳ȥڿһ㶼ûɿ˫̥֮ﵹԱߵ̧ͷ˳ҶıӰһۣ˵ͱʦקקӡ

ʦ˾һգգ۾΢΢ҡͷܣҶ˵ˣ˲ܿӳҶ

˼ϸҲһ뵽ǷĹϵȥʦ缸仰˵ĸͿˣȴһϵ

ܰԼһϸЦŵС˵㣬˾ĺ񡣡

лҪ˵С糡֮COSԲ

Ҷʲô
ҵԲ
ҶֻԲ𡭡
ΪҲſ԰Ե㹻ˣ



115ӵ 

ɻĿ˴ʦ磬ǽӹǿѾЩ˵Сϡ˼ڸղųҶǼϣʦֵܼǵ͵ȣԼ˹ĵĽ˴ʦĻ֪ΪʲôĳҶˡ

ʦ˫̥Ҫ˼СʯͷƵĸģЩʦʦȥ½֧ߵʱŪģǻرˣ5ëǮһ飬1Ǯһ顣ʦһ˼ʯͷʱ˲٣ʮǱĥͷ˴ơ

ɵͷҲԼ˵ʦ൱Ȼ㲻̩Ǻֻ̩ǺʦӽӰ࣬ǲɢ˳ʦǣӻƾӪЩȷʵˡһʮ꣬˷ǣȫˡ

տʼʦҲСʦ岻ҲʦµĻҵǴҶߣʦˡ°ͣڻͷ˵Ļʦ˵»סʲôԺʦ涼ðӡܶˣܻˡ㶮İɣ

֪ҰҲ˵ԣ̫³çµ̸ҲǶǴСôģ̣

ǰʦǱסĺҲˣЩƶʦԼĴ˰ɣϸ̾һ䡣ʦԺٸϿûǰˣ

ǳ˳飬Ȼ뵽һ⣬ѵ֮ǰõĲۺϻӵ϶ʦֱӴӳá𡭡ô궼ûÿգʦ浱Ǵ˶ٴ

ߴʦ紧װͿʦֵܼ⣬Ǳ߳ҶҲˡ

ϴθҶϥ̸ҴҶZеļҿ飬˼ԵĿʼȷʵЩ뷨֮ǰƼҶǱң潲һͬ־ƽ˵дʵģֲҵ

һͬ־С˵ȣС˵ô۹̺ͽȻҪһЩҶովѵıԹһССӡһˣǿԻΣ˴ΪóҶףĻһͬ־ȥ飬ڱ˴˵Ľָһ顣ⱾѡΪģű֮ǰǱװһЩƤͷٹ

ҶɫȴЩףҶǵ˵ġͷɱǹƼᡣߣȴסˡƼҶǺܸ˵ģҶϴε鿴һ£֮ǰǱ̫ˣһƣҪһӦʱ䡭

Ҳˣ鷳ںæʦ˵ҪȥҲûʱ俴ЩȥɡҶлԵĸ˾롣ԺҪʱһԼȥң֮ǰǱȼôʦ͹ȥллˡ

ҶƢºͣĻѾǾܾˣЩɻ󣬵ǺܿȻˡ¶ãеģԸȡһᣬǰӲҶҲ£ʱʦһͻɡ㿴ҶˣֱӴȥǺܿ

ȷʵǸˣǳҶûвᣬǲѣǳҶδйһͷ

Ҷܿ콫һ˻ȥĽʵʵשͷƵģ޲ܷĴʦһֱƺֲ𿪿ܺ棬⵽ʲôֵôȨûƻ񣬰쿡ļ䣬ҲûҶ

ȵ쿡֮󣬺Ų£ո£ϸҳƤҲûƼһְΨһοĴž鶼бĺۼȻ̫ԣôǿ˲ǣĦƤȻЩԥˣǺϲҶΪ¶˼ҶѶƺЩֵáϲҶദֻĿҲһַɵĸо˵ʵѵá

ʹˣʼĵ¶Ҳ˰˺ӲƤһ£̲ס̾˿ΣȻѾͷҪԲС

ߵǰһȥǰѳҶ˳λȥҪܾòܻһ뵽ƳҶͦã˵˵ţ֪ô֣״ģ˾͹ɳϡƵ귿ɳܿ˱һҲ㹻£ҶһϸΰסôһһԼҶ̽ڣ۵СŲţƲסһδνʪȽ¡

ҶڿɳϺݺΣ󱻷ʱҲûγôݺݵĻеĵط

硢Уء

ҶҪгԭȹһεĽĴøֱҪůĵطȥ

ҶѧͦİôҶѧˡӺ汧סҶĶһϮĿ.Сҧ˳ҶĲһ£㱻

Ҷһֻ˵ϺӣҲ֪ߵûǱģȫ͸ˡûĺãոЩſ£㱻һסˣֿʼµһԡҶΨоҵռš

ҶЩǲʲôʱˣѹʱѾ𱧵˴ϣ˸Ƿȴǿ۾ȥ˯磬ˣ

࣬˾˯ᡣóҶſʱÿСģĶһ⣬̲סֶŪѡ˳Ҷı£Żһգ۾Ҫˣһ±ˡҶͦİɣϽ˯Сһһһôġ

Ҷû˯Ǳ߼˵Լ

ˣ˯ɴѴյСҲˣģ§ųҶۡ˵¶ȱ˴ůţ˵İġ

ߵʱҲûнѳҶֻڴߵͷϷд˼óҶ˯ֱȥ¥³ԷĻźЩƼ˯ͷ̵ĳҶ̲סץ¶ڱָͷҧһڣ߾ǻĳ硣

ëһϹϲŸƵĵַëȻɻһ䶼ûʡ¶һ˽£ëӲͷ

һϳ˯·ϼڲߣϿһ㶼ûϢãȵҶ˯͵͵˼ҵԼţˡëǰ濪ƼǸֱֹ֪֮Ǵ˭ȥˣڵȦǡһս 



116˼

մ˳ҶĺٻصDвãתȳڹ۲һʱ֮ƺѾ˾裬ʼһЩڲ˵ʵ̫ˣԹȵˮ

ȳ᲻ǴʴʵƱӣҪ׬Ǯ϶зաȳΪѾѷս͵СҲͲסܵĵطֻ֮ǰķӦ꣬ȳδȥͷ

DиۿǺܺãССͷɢʮž벻ȳͷһ۵СͷêԶǺ룬ǧֵĴۿиС¥Ȩֵңſббعżͷ紵ÿɢһ㣬Ҳ֪ûȻƼͷͭ˿ʵЩưܡ

ط󴬽ǰмܣڲˣɳٻÿɳķþͷۡȳƿ˿ڣԼһΡ

͸⿴˼ص۵ף˿ֳôһСۣۣ˵һʳ֮ζļߡͷϿ϶׬ͷҶ֪ܵĻٻʣ¼۲ģȴҪһԼĽͷɲôÿеġȳôˣôֻôһСͷ

統Ҳסһʱ䡣ȳԹԵһᣬƺҲûָܻشʲôڳûȥǳڻЦָָǸС¥𿴣Ǳ߾ǵƴĵطʱᣬͽźʮҲ¡ඣ徭ڣһζҪͦá

Ц£ɱô˵˵̫ˣһֵǻָء

ˣ㿴ͷඣʱ䲻˰ȳ̾һ䡣ͷѾʼףܹ˵ȸж㣬ʱ۵ںߴ˱ĺһ̡ȷʵˣǵҰĺͲʣżܲ¶𰡣ûȤ

ͷһ飬գ۹Ϊ׵һһЩ΢΢üͷ磬㲻ҲסС¥ɣҿɲ׼ΪܳԱ㹻ˣһʵҹܻˡٵĵ٩䣬һƬʱ¶Ƕطޣƺĵط

ȳ΢΢۾ƺƳʲôһôһŵ΢΢Щڵۿʵ᲻ġֹȵ֮ͬǰ㱨˵һǸȭͷ˵ɵСӣȭͷӲӷ˵㣬˲ûôԶ۹⡣֮ǰ̫Ƶˡ

㻹ᣬҪ̫С塣ȳһ㾯裬鲻֮£Ȼ֮Ц

Ǻǣû¶ȥ˯һ;ˡ˸Ƿˣӻëѧ˷ţ˳ĸҶһϡȻûкͳҶֱӴ绰ô㣬ֻĻƼԷļҲͦ˼żϼˡһ˯֮ĻǱ߶úðŻظһŶ֮ĹɬζǲҲ´οдĸֱһЩ֪ҶʲôӦ

ȳ΢һϵĴţȻأϴŵֱ֮ǰܴġϵı飬ˣü۽ﶼڸǲס⡣

ȳ̸ͬ˼䣬źۼعյ˽ϣȥZмŮˣѵƼôð

΢ͣһ£̾ЦˣĶʲôŮѣһ椶ͦ

ȳܸȤ׷ʵˣҼ㿴еŮɵôƣ粻Сˣ͵һҲ

˵ľȣһҲûһ𣬾ͦ˳ۣ֮ǰҳӵʱߣӦüɣǸ飬Сѧء

ҹܻģȳһᣬƺǼôһŮӣһֱߣ첲ϵѪţСҲֻˣѵõһݶѧҹܻ֮ǰڹܣȳҲ˵ϻҪôŮӵǸȳ⣬ôŮ˰ס׿ˡ

˿¶ɫȳעǣȼͲҹܻϰˡ֮ǰ˵ѧǰиֵZѧ˳·ȥû·һ¡

ȳЦҡҡͷŮҲܶôǱߵZ˰ɣѧУȷʵǲýȥ

ZĲͣˣǵЦ΢ЩӲǶ໨ЩǮҵ·ͦ¶ôһҪҾҲѡ

ȳļЦСϵܻᣬ˷ôԶĵطɲаڽŷһ˼ǣɣҸѧУ¶ͱ²ˣϸDиһҲĲ

Сȳɫı鲢ǷʲôӣŷġӦ죬̰ڳһмȳģЩϲ˵Ǿллˣ˵ҲΪĹǺZ̫ǮҲʲŹϵһûҵһĴѧһôء

ȳֱЦԸ˾߰ɣȸ¶ףȻҹҪ´ˣǺǡ

һ·ȳû˵ʲôƺֻơΨһøľҹܻĹ飬֮ǰҲֻ𼸴ΣȻȾƣ̫ǿ΢һЩ̡̻Ҹ׶ЩľսġӴһΣǰֳʱһֱźû뿪ָ˲첲ϵѪ

һ㶼û뵽õġࡱȳҪһѧֱϲ콵
 


117 

ҹܻŮ̬Ҳ˱仯һЩĽţϸҪͽһ£˵ĻȻ˿˿ģһЩƽʱ㿴Ǹӣμʵﻰ䳰ȷ

ӴǷ֦ͷˣԲԣǷɽѧУѧˣǺøأԱߴ޵Ů˴˴ԼͿĨõָסҲ֪ϵѧζ᲻ŨأɵŬСѧĲѧӣ˼ҲҪأ

ɫЩãȻ֮ǰͱ֮ٵҹܻƣҲûҪ⼸컹Щġҧ촽Ҫػ䣬ֻȴȻˣʾǻë

ڿëֵʱ۾һˣҲ뿪ڻױ绰һӣƸ磬¶𣿡

ëɤűĶֱ࣬͸ֻ㣬㣡Ͻĳүиۻᣬ˵ҪȥƺԱ˽˼䣬ëͣһָϽ飬㣬߰·Ķͷһ߿ɱ棡

æӦˣȷëûбҪ֮Ź˵绰ɨ˻ױĽһۣϻĽǼʣһСƤЬ̧Դ߳ȥһֱԼЩŮ˲һǶĶ࣬ԶټͻĺȻӦвͬ

ȳľۻῪһһʱȥﶼβμЩѵľۻҲһȳ˽ʱҲЦǺǵģ˵ҵһСֵܣڻᣬų۽硣ҶЩԺ¶Ÿװ

赭д仰ȴЩϼһǶעеĴȳĻᵽһ˿Ҫ룬Ҫһ֡˽ζȻԼˣǶԴԼ˱Ȼġ

ߵһβμָߵᣬһ˫۾űŮžֹЩŮϡϴŵλεĴ鱦

ʱܳƲҹǲȳЩһĺ˼ˣ¼СĸǴ˼𱾾ͻ࣬Ը˳ϹϵԼ˸ƫϢ鿴һǱֵĳȻЩǴĸһȥˡ

ŷʽɳǰ澫СϷŵ̻Ҹ׶Ž۵ģ鿴̻ҸףֿһԼͺͺָͦӡ֪粻ƽҪõЩΨһָͨЩڳһ˳Сź𣬲Ա߰ŪֻȻûע⵽

ѧϰţ̫СֻôĴָ֣ʵǱŤüͷһȻһ䣬ֱӵ벦ȥһ̧ͷͳԱ̻Ҹ׵顣ͷ̻ҸУ˸ɴȥȥҵˮ

ˣŰͨղȥԷͽͨˣѹõ͵͵ﻹ͸ɻ󣬡ιôˣ㷢ţСľͰˡ

һ̫鷳ˣҴĴָ찴ˡأôôС

ǱЦһǺƢĸͣᰡѧУʮһϨƣڴϸ㷢ء

컹пΰɣҪϢɣ⻹з֣һҲҪˡҲѧųҶѹ˵˵Ǳһ̾жͨɫЩڣж಻ôģ

ûһֻ˵ˣȹҵ绰˲һŹֻкܼ򵥵ʮ֣ȴض˺ü飺
ҲϢˡ

˸Цݣζ֮ɾ˶š

һǵ˲پƣȲӦҪЩͦȫûԼˮ˲裬껹лƫĵưڵıڵ˵컹͸ݳֻԼղǱֺﻹϲŬϲӡ

ƺرܸоԽԽݣֻҪΧڵĶܵġڲϹŵһʯɲǱ˻Ȼ֪Ϊʲô˳·Ǽʯĺüδĥϣ˵ΣҲǺֵø˵ġϲ˻ҲпŻȵģϲԼأ

鲻֪ǣȥǮĻëǿŴӵ߳ģϵĿӶѺˡ鿴еʯȻЩǺôбżģеļȴûм۸İëŸ˼ҿۣĻ񶼸ӡ

ĻֱָԼҵңˣҪǸղλ˵ĴʦǾԲ⼸ȥģûҲø۲ǣãҲûôģſھͿһأ

ë˱űµֵȸǮŪ˰ǰѶˡëװĺּڸ첲£СǼʯͷһǶһǶҲֵǮţ

ȵԸҶʼĹȥʱ򣬻ëԸȥëһĳϿңȰ磬߯ˣʼĵʱҪǶ˿ô찡ëϴȥǮǸλǾۡ

룬ҲʹӦˣֱӵСȥҸ绰ӵĻȥǱþͳɡǺþûȥˣҲ֪ôˣǺǡ˵һֵǳȥԷȥǣллչˣ

ëҲǱ߽ʦˣյһֺòˣɲǵȥСݰæôëǸСܣô˵ôӦͿȥһˡ

ȳϢ֪ͨ˻ʡǣҲֻ۲ûиϵԲӽССϺȫûע⵽ȳڿûпɵĽӴ󣬶̬ԽҪȥѧУ¶Ҳȵŵǰˡ

ȳѡѧУǵһԺУǵܶרҵȤָѡһֵרҵԴ⼫ˣĺãȻתѧȥѧϰҲܸϰͬѧǵĽȡ

ȳȥѧǰ˷ݶһװĺʵӣһ֧Ʊ

鿴ӲƲ۾ôôɫһƾ֪ϵȻ֮ǰ֪ǿ˶١ȻҪûֻ֣С˵үѧУݶ㹻ˣҲҪүĶ⡢̫ˡ

ȳڰ֣ʾ£ȻЩ͸ģô

ʿˮջֽЩ˵ĶġǮƣ鱦˶Ӳһ٣Ҳֻ˲֪жˡ

һˣȳƵĿ˿ڣɨ¶·İ𪲱ڴһƷһ㡣ûԵĺۼʱЩɻίĿʵǡƽʱô

ЩΣҵҹܻȳĻȻö

ȷʵûҪ˵鲻ҲԣȣȻϲ飬еʱϣֱɳ˯ȥȻҲ뼷ȥɳǵ˵ģ˯һᵣĵжһ˿ռҹܻṤʱ䲻̣ҲץסһЩ˵ǾϲͦһڣһֱҲûԼϯѧ

Ҫǣֱ˵ûкϵȳЩҲջȥɣս鱦΢΢ɬӵ˵ͷȳţּһ䣺ʵ粻³ˣҡ

ȳ֮¶ôϸõ϶ҲͲ׷ʡȳЩҲǰŮжֵĻıǸĳ롣

ȳ뵽Щ̬Ҳºˣȥ׼һ£ҪȥѧУ˰ɣһʱܻæɣɸרŽ㣬ÿ˿ξͻǶȥ

ȳû˵꣬žͱˣ˵ļЩ١ô󵨵Ҳôˣȳһۣ۵״˿Ц⣬ڵ˿Ǽӣô׷ˡ



118Ȳ 
 
Ŵˣ߽ĹȻһ飬΢˵ͷָȳк硣

ȳȤҸ죬һС軹ûˣôҲͻȥˣ

ĶĻǵСһ¶߶µ˵ⲻϹ𡣡£ȳûʲôͬ²鲢û˵ҲЩ̤ʵͷƼĶЦ˵İɣ֮ǰѧУ¶Ѿ鷳ˣôصĶĺҳˣҲллԺ¶ܿڣԼֵܣܰ쵽ľԲ

ȳ̬Ⱥ⣬ҲǾöˣ̸һᡣ

̸µʱǺģȥĳţԸ˵ëڳܣʲôľͶʻëʵŮ˶˵˻ڲıһ

ȳŮôСģҲЦ˵һû뵽ôں

ҲЦЦٵĻһ䣺ǰͦҪġôһڣҶܰȫ˵һƣʱ̾ιˡʱ̿ȷҶİȫȻͦԲΪ˳ҶҪôҲ϶һԭ

ȳ̸ΧŸۿڣ¶˼ȥһͷDд࣬ем´θһȥЩ¶ҲϤˣҪæ¶࣬岻ãܰɡ

ͷ˵ǣСӦš

ȳǸϺ꣬ͨһںߵƷͷȻóֻӶ࣬շתĴֻȴֻó

ߵĸۿھӪʶȳһ³ʼһ·š˵СĲȳ̲סѯ˾䣺үθǣ

ȳһۣҵһСֵܣԺ߾ҹͷϵĻŵ㣬Լûʲôֱ˵ġ

æӦһǣĺǰ˵ģң඼ȥˡ

ţһҲŹ֮ǰҲ˵֮Գ¶Ǳǣġ˵˾Ǽ˺ɫӼĲͣΪⶫ˰ӦƷټϺڵصͼ۲ֵա統ҵĿɽʧƣŪĽ̫Ҳ֮꣬֡

ȳҪСĵĶ࣬ĴͳһǸװС洬ȻװصЩ߰洬ŪҲǱʲСȳ˹ͼµάָ߼۵ʱߵʱÿֲǧ۱ҡҲѹDеЩϼһǶȳǹƶͽûԸǮȥ

ߵİȫôȳδÿľʹȣ·ͷڵϷմ

һߵĸһһʮĻشˣɣͷûʲô¶ĻƺЩֽŲɾ˵£źѰ졣

СͺӡʱˣҪȷʼֻȳ̾˿ѯʵԸԸæֵȻ˶࣬һǣһûԸˡ

ˣȳ漯ȻҲǸзģֻǱǮס˲һڲɸԽϾȳδؾ̹ȳǰһֱçײ֣Ҳ붼ûһڴӦ¶ͷİɣ°죬ŪҾԲȥ

ȳļЩοããǾˣͷԲ㡣

üô˵ϻظЩ㹻ˡ

ǺǣľͺܺˡȳЦЦûٶ˵Լ֮ǰǷݶͶˣԹӢѹ˹ôϣǰͷġȻмֵˣǾӦźáȳ˼ת䣬˵֮ͬǰһºͣ߰ɣȥϿ

Ʒͷæµа߲ۼɢŨصĹҵȼ͵ζ򵥸װ洬ӡϷĳеǴǱתġվŵ˴˼򵥵ľȨͷʹϵӣխСľΧûκηʩƵŴһζźΣա

ȳıڷŽǵĴһںϷ˼䣬𼸲СĵĴ

СġˣﾭԸװ¸ĺͣͷϵ͹ܵԽֱͣͽͷ͹޳ɨһͷȺ͹޳ݼĵףصĳԼڶʮʮֵĺ

ȳ岻ã΢һȦñڷ˴ǿ˼Ҳ֪ںŶͷϵĴ̱ζȳ΢һ£ͷȥ𣺡ô

ĺܲ룬ּһ䡣Ǳʴ⻰ĽʣǸڿ϶һɹֵۣȥ⡣

ȳĵ˵ͷϲ̸ֱ۵Сֵܣ֮ǰЩʽ黹ͼԵݶϼһǣ˸ֵȥ¹ȳûָͷϵļͷȻеȵģһҲ֡ͷĹ涨֪ô

˵ͷʾסⶼȳ˵·ӣǵʱߵֻáҪȷľάס棬ܳȥʽҲʱˡ

ƺĬͷݣȳѵõĸ֪˵Լļˡ

֪İɣһӣڹ飬һһܲСһø񣬵ǹǹɲľҡȳźϣϣˢͷǰķϴһƬɫĭɢȥȳһֵⷴľһ˵ֿ˿ڣҶӳˣֲãҪΪЩʲôŰġ

ǰٵˣ׵ͷ紵ңŸǲϣ۽ǶͷҲϸһѾڶˡƵ˼ϵۣһƲ㲻Ψн޶ȥˣҲѹȳôżȥѰҰ֣ĵϸûʱ̲ǵģѾûʱˡ



119

ȳеͷȻûǰãʵˡȳһǸ󷽵ˣָСֵһЩ֮ǰDеϼһ̰µЩǮֱֵһᡣ

ͷԣֵµֵȻմ⣬Ҳõ˲Ρ鲻ΪʲôÿζʵյҲܿġ

εĻëһʹ˵˵ÿʯͷʱӴԴϴͻȥʯ˳ҶһޣڳҪȥǼҵʯͷʯͷһ㶼ĶпҲǽ̻Ի͸ģͼǮԣֱҪȽӻأ

ͷæûʱЩǸġë飬ƻûƽ沿Щʹࡣ˵ϼZж԰ɣ˵ˣʱȥǱס졣

Ц⣬СŮƵĻϲ׷ʣʵҺöûȥˣҲȥϴβ˵䣬Ҿùȥϡ

ȥʲôϰҪϴһˣܷô󹤷ȥ𣡶ˣȥZУ

ʵҲΪңȥĶҶšСĿ˻ëɫһĲͷæת˻⡣Ƹ磬֪֪ʲôʱѽ

ôʲô˵¶ٹܣʵʵϿξСëһۣŮѧУһʱ䣬ϴȥһ糾Щѧˡ

΢΢ЩίҲÿθ绰˵æǰ컹ڵ绰ҡ

ë˸ۣߵǻģǿɶֱý˵٣ѧУǸʲô˰ɣɲѧУѧеģƢõˣ㻻ϴԣұԹС£ëͣһ£ŮֻܶԱȵ²Żһʱ⻳ɵĿòѧУ˸СõİɣҾ㰡ֵǿɶˣҸñӡߣƵģ

ɫףҡͷͣûûУ¿ζүɳͣϾһڼĶûȥ˭ҲûӴҲЩ࣬࣬ںͱķҲûʲô𣬲ûɣΪĹϵҺͬ˵ֵ´ŵĿɶһȺå²ġ

ëŵö£Цĺ䣬ǾͺãүһǶһˣүʲôţסˣɱ̰ҪõõĶүãΪ磬ã֪Ϊʲôɣеͳɡ

ëİο˵ĸвûʲô΢º˵㣬ﻹ͸źݾ鱻ŵûʧɫײʲô뷨ˣҧ촽Ͱ͵˱֤ģҲԲ¡

ëѵ飬ѾͷƬӳʵˣĻصǲɹģߵʱģһҪȥǼЩʯϣ͸Ҷ

ë˳ֻˣͷҶֶæ°ȫȽιҶôˣ

ǱߵͣԻëܿʵ˵ϵҴ绰ʲôܰæûСҪʲô

ëᶼˣĶóҶˣҪ׷ͳҶʯͷëһץỵ̂һŵ绰ᷢӣȥ·ϣҶңܿ͵ˣһҾ㡭

ëڳҶԶָ£ֹŻƺɫƤʯԭϣϵĻɫܲãëʦۣȫˡëɫҲãʱǮһֲʣȫˣԼԭеļٿҲȥãԷʱ򻹵ҵض䷹ȥ

ϵշת͵ҶʱǳҶ졣¶ҲͦɣǸһĻᣬåͷֻĥĥ˰죬вóҶ˿ڣڴӦֻһء

ôŪҲᡭҶŵ绰ЩȣȻһķסǶŵ绰¶ܾò˼

ȽǱߵåҲûо飬ߵƤЬϴԵҪ˽вհһԼһˡ

åҲˣһ㰡Ҷô¶Цʲô

ŵ绰۶⿪죬ҶЩ졣

ش𣬳Ҷڴ𣿡

š

Ǵ·𣿡ʵ𽥱䰵ɤҲЩϴŵģȫѵ

绰Ǳ߳ĬһᣬϤϤ¿ֱ̲סҪѪå΢΢۾һԼ壬һ߰쵽ȥοͲס̧ͷֵܡ

Ѵͷ̨ƴ򿪣ȻԼ±ߡɳƣŵ绰ﴫĺü٣ԼϵĶҲӿ 

绰СѹǺȴԽԽ٣ŻͲش˶ϣһֱȥ

ҶҶһĺţǽвһ㣬ָڳҶͶůڡҲ߶ųҶҲϲĵطһһһ飬˿ڸԳҶԡ㣬ͣ°ͣӡǸС

绰̴һ̴ٵèƵץ

𼸺Ҷÿֲֻҵӣһ׼ͨ졭ϸһ߳ȴͣµضšĳԺһ֣̺۾Ҳٶ˵ʲôŴߵĴϢʹָ

緢ʱ򣬵绰ҲһŵֻѾȵ÷̣𰲸˳Ҷ䣬ĹˣҲûôڴϣ춼ûһָϸζ˸ղųԵζ̲סץֻĻһ³Ҷ֡

Ҷտ֡

ٶһʱ䣬ΪǵĽŬһϺӡ

лҪ˵
𣺳Ҷտְ
Ҷлл磡
Уǵллң㿴Ϊҵ壬ôζɣ
Ҷ



120׼ 

ּ̳ˣøڹǰļܺͼһԲꡣΪ֮һι۲ڣֱ֪ڻ뿪ZУܳѾǺܺˣֶ涨һ˿ԹҲûС

Ҷõ֪ͨһȥԽ˽˻ûʲô࣬ɫǱȸZеʱˣҶοǸжһ˵лл

Ҷһ˼ֺóһ·Сźţ˵ǫ

סĵطʰˣ´ɨģȫµģƷҲ׼ȫϸʹ֮ȥġһӷ˸˹򣬼Ѽһû٣ըطڳٻһٷʢ͡ϴϢһ£һƿųż˱ǵ

ЩİЩԾԳҶļ仹ͣСʱֻģǵ⺢۸Ƶġ㣬ҶҲվˣɣǺǣ¸һԶٷɡ

ǣ˵ҡܸͦһԷҶվڲԱߣŵضˣԼ˹ľסȥʢһûŻ

ֳԷʳΨһϲľСĻ⻹˵ģҶĬĬ

Сȡ֣үӺܸˣųҶһٿ佱ǸúӣΪǻǵסڷʳҶأæ˾¶ʲôʱ

Ҷ̷¿ӣŵػش𣺡˵翪ʼߣܸϻؼҳǰ绰

ֱҶˣкԷ¿ѽ˵ͳɣûˣҶСʱһڲ϶أÿһ㣬ҼǳСӾԱϴڣˤ㣬

Ҷⷺ죬ͷŷʹԷ

ʱ׼㵽ƼԼϵʱǰһӵ֣

ֺǺǵļѾԼߵĶӣԺ

ˣɼһֱס˰·ĳҶǳ飺Ҷ

Ҷ·ֶŵö£̫ڵ䣬Ҫ㿪ȺĻ磬ҡȥ·

ſ˴ȥʹҶСԴϣǵЦβסȥɣ׼˰ɣһżζˣȥ˵

˳˶Բ󲿷ʱ˵ҶŬȥţ©һ仰Ƽûûзˣ̾ȥϡһСźŵĳҶ¶һ˿ͣ˵ʱҲӴ˳Ҷ֣⼸æ˳ҶչţҪҲ֪ܲܰȥ

ûô࣬͸ͷǰϾǴѧö࣡˵ЦǺǵȥͳҶ˵ҶԺҪСһ𳤴ԺϻʲôҲģ

Ҷƻڽţһ˵һĵͷҲ֪û˵ɶ

һߺٺֱ֣ͼӴ׵˵˳Ҷĩ˶Ϸ˼һѣҽҪ⣬ǱðѳҶȥæɻҶͰҹ˱԰ɳҶ
Ҷڵͷ˵ǹ˱ˣ𿪿˵ʲôӦ

ҲϲҶ⺢ӳøɾƯִŹžʵֵӡĺúһġ

ΪһķӣһҸãʣһ䣬Ҷʰ꣬Ҳûͱͷӵɳϣ׼Լ˯

ϴƼҶɳ̱ӣⲻЩС뷨ͷԼϰίٵ˵һ䣺֣ҿǴϾͿʼظϣϲŵҡԶĸϻ˯Ҳ̫˰ɡ

ֶԶӱΣô˵̾ף˯ʲôɳĴͦ˯㹻ˣ

߳ҶüЦûЦү˵һ䣺˯ǸҴ͸˯ɣ

⻰ɵˣһӻ۱ʹ˰컹ǴӦˡ

ӴӦҲܸˣתȥˢϴȥˡ

Ҷһʰɳϵıһ͵ЦϴĹȥųҶʹһѣŻЦʲôЦҳȥ˯ôˣ

Ҷס㶼㲻֧֧Ȱ֣֣֣һῴ

Ϳ£ô£һôڸ˵߶䣬ƼҶһŻǷſ֡˺ˣҲ˵ŵ

˵ֿųˣҶͷתԼС䣬һռ˵ĻҲû

ָز£һǻָУЦҡҡͷͳҶ⵨ӣǲһӶøҸ˵ʵ

ү̸˰ޣЩ¶Ǻüʪۿֻϲǣôļⲻһꡣ̫ûƼˣʱҲԼǻ쵰֮ΪԼ¾Ȼöؼļû˸׵ıӻ

⼸ܿˡֳ̾һĶѾʵı۰ЩοҪϵ¶ЦݣǺģгϢȰǿˡ

ôһ仰Ҳɳˣ֣ô˵ܿˡ

ֵ그˴ȥ켸ӦõġʱǺͿȻҲЩʣǿЦģҲɵ¶ˡֶԲ㣬ûüչ㣬ͳˡԺʲô¶һ㡣

ҲЦˣ˵ģԺҷ˴ҲܸҳŰ

ү˺ܶ࣬һҲûᵽǸŮ˵֡ŸԸ񱾾һҲ˽Է飬ǰ˭ӵĶǸ˺ãҪݸ鱻ڵϡȽҲԲ¼ȥһԼĸ˸ͷôҲ׶Ůˡ

˯ˣʱĹսڷ䡣ҶûһƾͿˣúϴȥʱ˳ҶһҪǱ죬㺰

꣬ҡųҶůһᣬģŽѾ߼

Ҷıһ£ܿȥůˣѹ㲻Ǳ˯ôҹˣ



121һ 
 
л˵Ĺ֮黹Ǻܼ§ųҶ˯С˵ԼĴ㡣Ҹ˵ˣ⣬ҾԼɣҶ֪ɰɣǸǰһҿСݰС¥ʲôģϿΣϻҿ˱

Ҷϵ֣Цðұҵ˾ڸҸѧУʦ¿˾͹æ

ţԣѧ˵ǼҳԷۡҲˣסӵСצӣϸİס޳ָһůǡˣҶҵȥĶʡǣZа

ûáҶؿڲ˲䣬ֻů˵èѹ˵Ļعļ⡣ȥģҾ͸ȥ

һǽһƬůУһȥҲ޷Ҳֻ§˻ıһڣԼδܾĳ磺ţ¶ˣȥĶ㡣

ȷʵˣȷѪƣǼΣյ飬;ȳһκһֲԾҲ𴦴СģӼģ˯˯óˣλ˵ʲô˻ϣѵÿԷ˯һϡ

Ҷڶʱڳ˯ţһ˲ĽҶ˿ʱû磬ŵ緹Լȳȥˡ

ҶϰߣҲϰߣ˷ƣ˯ˣʱҲƽʱЩүƿųʱԼһ߿¿ӣһߴӳҶݳһôݳˣΪء

ִۣ˸Ƿ͵Ϻ죬ʵû취ֻܰҹҶĴˡûôΣﻰ͸¶ģϢ

ӱͲڿ˵ҶڳһǾʱŵ඼ҪӺĳв˵ûעеԼָͷȥˣ۵á˻һ

ҶָͷŵˮͷһָѪҲŸó룬͵͵ԼԷʱҲСĵزﾡƼ

ԴӵͷԺͺæҲǵ绰һһֱϲƼҶֻ˵ָ֡ͷҰ£һɴʪˡ

üͷôˣ

Ҷŵָͷصû£СĻһӡѾѪˡ

ҪƵģæһȰȳԷȳԷ𰡣߶Ҷˣ׼һӲˣ˵ˡ

һĲʹ죬һƼҶͷģ⺢һ׼ԼţǼȥˣǶϡΨһӡİ˰ɡ

ȥҽҩ䣬ѳҶɳ¸ҩָϵ˿ееݵķ׵һſţе㷢ˡϻһ̺㣬һ˿ڸǲסĲšüͷѵָͷе㻹㣡ʲôû˳ԡ۳ҶƼҶ޲ŵ²Ž

Ū㣬źáҶ͵͵֣е㵣ԼָŲŵӸ²õӡСĵ֣ԴҲһת

üë־ųҶ°תĶȥûϴ㣡

СʱͰ۸ҶǺǡֵֻܸãЦȰ˼䡣Ҷڴˣɱ۸˼˰ǳҶҲǸСӺܸ￸أ

һһ俹ʲôҲûΪҶָͷƵɴ򣬰ǽһʵ

ϴʱ˿ڵɣǸСԡȥҶ걳ҶٶŪ޴룬һȥ𲻿ϣסҶӲ·ˡԡҺСԭվųĵطˣ΢Ųһ¾ܼ

Ӻ汧ųҶӶ俪ʼǣǲһ·¡

ҶµüҪվסˣڵˮ̡۾ϵĸоеúܣһ˷ӦȵСֵܱſںȥʱ̼ع

硭УС

Ҷסѿڶĵסй¶ֺԡͣͬˮϲһ桭

ҶԼȫµĴже棬ֶüҪץסʲôǰСױݺɨҲָȥͣģŶ˫ش̼֮Ҳ޷ƣ͵ҧס촽ƺһŽУ

Ųɿ΢ƽˣŹһȥظοǸСƬ̣վȥ˲ҶգҶ£û¶ģһء

Ҷ̧һ˫΢΢۾֪ǲǱˮʪˣſĺܡһŬȥղ˵Ǿ仰ǵ

ˣСÿµʱ𶼻˵˵ҶǱˣʲôܣҺ߶˾ͳɣ˵Ҷôûҿôɴʵһ㡭

ҶǣﻹЩδˮˢɾİǣӡȥС¸ɾ˫ֻŰ˵Ĳӣ¶ò˵Ļ

磬ҡ

ߣʵ˰ȻƲҶڵı飬Ͱ͵һ㡣֪ˣ֪ˣ㣬ַһ㡭Ҷˣιһү˰Ҳ䣬ŲҪ㡭

ԡҳʱѾ΢ЩˣҶԡȫסԴ϶˺ëֱӽҡԡƺûԡҰ˳ҶòװѳҶֻСڹקԴһ汻ԼϵײƣСڹָؿȥˡ

ѺۼɾֿԡҵС¿ĺܲˬˣҲϱ

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ϻظۿȥæˣߵִ̫٣ûüֶ˵䣬ְֻסóҶͽչš

ЩԼӣǴӳҶҲʲʲôҶǺӺ޲һذˣ˵ʲôʲôȫûɹ

Ĺһ£ڼмλͬ־طãⶼǱϵĹֵĻ֮½չ˳ҶѧãԶũСӸƴˡ

ֵⲻһпСļҾ߳񽥽ɫҲɲ٣һ֪ԼϢ̸ˡ

ҲûǣҪȻǾ͵һˣ㿴⺢ӣôϲ¶Ҳ˵СȦе죬Ƽָѹ˵Ǹǰѹ˷ǣɩ֮ǸСҲҲˡ

ʵҲûԼ˵ϸ˼Ϊӻ𣬴㲻֪ڿɳϢˣʱǽһľ˵겻̫ƽڼҿţ˼ҺΪأ˵ˣǸһԲҲãǺǣ

߶߶˵˰죬ȥ佱ĻҲ˼Ҿ߳¶֪ܵܺ͵ϱһݲҵҲеˡ

λ϶˼ҶǽȥϢʰɾŴ˺ȥѧУסѧڿѧԺγˣеʱҲΪ̫æ˯

ճŵ绰ˣڡ

Сǹȥ˰ɣǷСϽһ˯˯ɳɡ

Ҷæ˵ãȥѧУסɣʦҲˣסѧУЩȼҪȥʦ˵ٶϰһ£ѧУйң̨ͦõġ

绰ǱЦһӴСأ湻ġһҶͷɣСԼȥҰҪ˵һȥһȥ֪𣿡

ҶЩ֣Ϊʲôܻũһؼơ1lՓi

ҰڻиǣŲ뿪ZСڸһ¶û֮ǰֻZİȫСӹ϶Ҳû鷳簵бǷ̫࣬Ҳֻоܵļ鷳¶ֻҪٵȸһأһ˾žˡ

ŵ绰ǱߡŶһ̲סֶŪҶҲֱΪʲôĶôΪʲôҵľͶˣ

ҶӦһֵ磬µ׿ܾҪȥμӱ˵ϸ񣬵ʱҪصֻҲҵʱҲż

ɣ֪ˣʱҲͦæϵ㡣



Ҷμӵıн񱭣һȫʵĴվٰ죬ѾҵںˡƶƽһҲϿרųɽί˵ǲɶõĳͷᡣ

ΣϼһѧԺɵġɵĶμӣĴųҶʦֵܼһͿʼ׼μԭ򡪡Ҫûʦŵһϡ

һ56ĺ֬ϸۣ֬ڵ۸Ҳܿǧˡĵʦں֧ߣʶ˼߸ӵ֧꣬ǵĸԵɺ֮²ŵõ鱦

ĵʦһֱ᲻öÿƵĶͼȴƷԼȫͼԥҧ鱦ղʱͽ˵鱦̣һںڲգҲֵ

ͽ鱦ҲǹġȵȥˣΨһĶ̳мҵʦȫ

һӾҵҵоգһңƫƫԼû̳˿츳ҲԣǳԵķԲԡ

ߣҲ֪ⶫʵǹŶĳɷִǶѵˮ׼ֵܷãΪҪȥμӱĸɴҲ⼸ˣȫ˵˳ֺܼŭƫƫǲѪԵϵʲôҲ˵úˣҲֻܴݺѪ¶ȥ

Ҷʦֵܼͷһ׿Щ¶ȻжţЩȡʦܵӴЩԥһ£ʵʦ浱ҴҵСʦ嵷ڹǷǮҲڡ

ֹֻ񣡹Ǯͣ칫˾˵Ǯô׬ģ˴ʵǮǵûѧԣֿʼʯɫܲã˵Щµʱֻһ鵱ʦưܵľʵڲ̻סʯʮľ䣬ϱҪˣʦùˣһƢԣ

ܱͣʯ¶ԼҲݽȥҪǱʱȰסҪҵġ

ܣӦҲʦ˵˰ɣαϾУڳߣҪҲ벻񡭡ĻһԼ˵ֻ۾΢΢̾˿ο浽ɽˮĵزˣļλμӱʦǿ֬񡣡

鱦һĿʵԣ޷һطҫһüǮεǡɸᣬôҾۼһܻʶĳ֡

Ŀ˿ͽܣǳȥΪ鱦ʱʦӦᾡȰó֬նעǼãһǱҪӮ

Ҷ˼ϸЩģʦƾǼ»Ӯ˰ɣʦ˵ʦȻˣǽ˼Ĵʦ

Ļӻ֣óҶģģαй涨ȥǳ飬ϸﲢûгѾõʦ

ҶҪʣȴʦܽס˻ʦЦǺǵĿųҶҶʦô꣬ҲóȥˡǱȽϣȻԼж߳ǳȥǿɶǺߵģ

ӣ˵ͷֺܿһ䣺Щˣû˸Ʋǡͷ˵ˣļλʦҲˣȻЩѶԸҲӮǡȻ뿪ʦŶ꣬ǱϾԼĵطôЩһֱš

οǻһӦͷ

ͷ˫̥иϵʱ򣬾ѾƴҲҪʦҲûöֵıʯͷͷǹ¶Լʦ󣬸ʦһûǱȻҲȫȫ⻤ŵġСʦһ仰׷ŭˡ

һװģͷ͹ˮŶͷ棬ȻѾʮ꣬õһ㡣һԼļ㣬һĵ˵Լļƻʦ磬һȥϸˣүµǿ֬İͷС˵Ҫǰп᲻׬øЩ

пˣǼǮϲȥˡ֮ǰ˵ҪΪʱٽóɻʤʦΪͼͷǿڱŭȥ۾˼ģֻһ˫ֻƲסЩ汻ղǾ仰ˡ֪ӣ̾һֵҲǣ٣ǿȥҲһӮ

ߣѵһһëͷСӣǰЩʱʶһλӹѧʦȻڻûʲôѧߣҲڣԸЩҲ㹻ˡڶŪ㣬СһʮΪ⽿۵СרŸչˣĻӽͷ֬ɲˣпӦҲвҪɣôһȥͷҲ㹻ˡ

ͷ˼һᣬСȰȴȥȱˣ˵ڵϼ۸Щ˭Ҳ˵׼ĸ׬Щһ˽顣ϻЩˣ˵ڳ帽иºУСﻻء

ָ°£ȤﻻԻë𣿡

ͷɰͰ͵Цҵȥȴһ£ǱǱߵĹأôϼЩʦǸۣҪʱǻöһ

ã˼ȥЩѣʱһȥϡ۾ԾͲ֣ΪԼռˣԺеıȶȤξʦģпǿʯͷȴȥ˵

ȥ׼

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ٽͷǱִһ̫õϢǿ鱦ȥڳһԺеȤԱȤҪʮа˾Ҫںжһˡ

֮˼£ֺܿüͷкôҲлôǺԼһ׹ҪӮȫˣûϵЩ鸴ӣϾǵµʵںңûй涨ʸĲֶܸġֵطû۸һ˵ʹȫȥĳ롣

ϸͽĻƣƴ⼸Ҳǳصģʱ˼ϣ
ͽҲսˣС˫̥ҲʼСڴʦѧϰ

˫̥ϸ˵Ӧͷ̵ģĴǻѾˣҲֵһģȻСϵĹ򲢲ñ衣һַľͷš

ܿ죬˫̥ڽͷһ绰֮󣬾һҵСæµǶͷһͽܣҲ֪ͷмѹ׵ľڵæȥˡ

ɵĸҲʮӣѧգõָרɽӵ˽һɾ͡ΪŻ磬ʦõһλǶλ̣ʦѪĶҲȫ޺øС˵ԭ̸֮ڵ绰˰죬ǽɽ˻ȥҲó˿ұڸӡ

µҲû취ֻܾԼŬЩľ鶼ڸͽǣǳҶһֵ̳СͽܣǱ

Ҷһ麣һͣرĹּ֪ʶĵָ½ʺԼļһһεšֻºٵһ͸һʹḶ́ǳҶʮ֧ţѾҪȥˡ

ЩĵԼСͽܣʦҪǵҲôģǳҶǶǲ׳ʵڰ

ҶɫѾЩ԰ףսȵҲЩף¶ɸɴ˿ҡĵϣţһ䵶Щֺͬܿ뵽ԼķСһ̿ѧıƵýƴѧްʻԹԡ

ĿųҶ𽥳͵ϵıҲЩСͽûմ̸Ķȫ͸ʷ棬ʱЩǳҶĿռ󡣲αҲһѵõĥᣬҶЩԺĵ·Ҳ洦

ĴųҶÿ̰ڵı񣬵ȵȰҶϢеʱΪóҶЩü绰

ҶҲ̫ˣҪͣϢһ£绰ɣƼüû绰ˡСһųҶĻƣһ߰ԵͷԳҶѧϰٶȺ⡣֮࣬ҲЩģСͽôƴĸȥԲ

ҶһϷ£΢һ¼ͷҲ̧ĵʦ⼸æҵĵ绰ͺá

⻰ĶЩζͽʵôô绰ġҪʹۣǳҶ˻ǮأСĿǰɵСͽܣȻһ˵С

µ׼ʱһգ۾͹ȥˣĴżͽȥϣɱǻҪ絽ڻվǡҲ˲ƤƵģҲû񻹲ǵʱһ¾Цˣʦ壡СġС䣡

Ĵ˫̥ǰ棬ƼҲæкƼüͷɴ٣һֻһӳԵģڻûġ

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Сһ׷ʣʦ磬ʦ磬ǲҪɽӰж󣿸ǰŵļɽһ𣿡

СıȽ϶࣬ɵˣʦ磬ʱֻһݰŪôģڹ涨ʱ𣿡

İɣֲǴʦ磬û׵¡ְ˫̥ŵСൽԼһӵʳݸǡЦŵģȴ͸һźͽǼҵɽӿɲǰµֻܵơ

ʦ°ͺٺֱЦɰǲǴʲô˵νҵûμӣͷҪǰԲˡ˵Ҷֵ˵ɣ㵽ԼϣҲˣҪǴİɣ˭Ҫ˾óһȣ˾óǿصġѩ񡯣ҶҪ˾ó񡭡

һֻû꣬ͱԴ

ĺɸֵصܣ޲ðղ˵ĻĻȥųҶǵ㶫أòѧ˵㣬ʦһϵֵ˻ȥˣԺʦǵĶҼһγһΡ벻ޣ˾䣬ʦһ飡

Դ켸䣬ҸģҲҪǵģù漸졭ܰʦѧն꣬ͷֵȻҲǻģһ񴺡ǿҲò֡һǸòֵģǱǷ¹׳ƣ١

ĹҲ뵽ˣܵʱˣҲУ˼ҲһȣһᣬҶһô죡

Ҳǰסްŵ൱ʣżͽҲ˸ס˸׼ĺͷ˫̥ڻһֱ˷ܵ˯ţһݾ´С࣬˯һܺɳȥ̸ϵ¶ıѺȥȲ裬һʱֻʣ³Ҷһ
ҶɳϣطŪԼֻԥΣûаѵ绰ȥ

һڡѾһûнӵĵ绰Ȼ֮ǰҲйʮ²Ŵһε绰ǲ֪ΪʲôγҶЩġ

Ǹ³ƣҶɳϣ֪˯ˡȵŵСʱһŷӦ̰˽ͨ硭

ҶǺ绰Ǳߴº͵ܱǸڵȵ绰Ҳ֪Ҫҵһٴɣ

ˣ˵Ϳԡ𣿡Ҷ۾˶ɽɳ֪ǲǸղŽһЩɥġ

ҸղڻүүȲ裬壬˵ҲˣʱĻܸܲҡ˵һԸǸǫǫӣԴҶ̬ͻ˳Ҷ̲סҲߣĻҿԹȥ㡣

ܱǸҽЩˡҶüģ˵ۻۡ鷳չʦһǻȥ

ȳ극Ұ͹ȥǲˡɵĺƢȰȥϢɣʽˣҪ

ǣллˡ

ô򵥵ļ仰һ˵Ҫ˵ı˰ɣҶ෺۾ԼһûϢڿлűֻʱ۾һԲˣʾһδĶţ

ָЩƼǸϤֵʱ򣬸Ǹ˵ز㰴׼Ϣݺܼ̣ȴĪİģҶЩҪһˣҪȥһ°ɣûźţңչ˺Լ֪ҵ¶˵ҳȥ⣬ʱ

Ҷ̻һ֪ˡ룬׷һҵ

ûȵҶϢڷϢֻ֮̽ˤˣݺݵĲ˼֮󣬽ſҲӽյһЩŴӷ߳ˡ

ëСɳϣ𷿼ʼͽŵվƼ߳æ׷ʵ磬ղôˣʲôˤ˰ɣ

Ǽȥʶޣʣµмģǰȳߵĸŭһһֶҧ˵ٺˣͷ˰

δᴿĶƷеĿֱȥҹܻ޴󣬲ΪաٵһͻΪڳ˽ߵͷٸģǸгȳҲջǵȨǻͷвذ¼ֱ

ڹҪȳ˽ҪʵĽǮ

˵֮Се˼סˣмʼֻͨҪȥ֪ͨˣ̾ͱֹˡ

˱ĵ绰мѹ۾ҲЩĺѪ˿ǱƼˡǮϣҪˣëȥȸҳȥ˵

ԥ̾ͱһߵĺ׳һ߷ڵϣ˵мû٣ǵðҲ§ǲŸǰɣ˼䣬ֿ𣬶ݺݵĭ˵ɣô죡ֵǸߣ

ȳȥһȥ֪ͨ硣ɿ˵СⱨղǻƾǱ͸¶ϢٹþҪѲ顣

ɫˣͷϱ˵Щ˽ҲǽȥʮģҪ˱ǶҪϳȥǹС˵ʲô̰֮ǰԸȥ׼ëǻƨһȥȥˣӺ޲òϳɳȥźã

ĺܿ죬ˣЩ˶ȳһҵĳ̶ȣڸղ˵Щʱ뵽ľҪάȳҪľһļֻҪȳⳡ棬ʣµֶΣȳҲֻܼͣȥ

Ϊޣܰ⵹ȳֻҪ˵£ܻصȥ



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Ҷμӵı飬һչȣǸɵĴʦһĻ᣻һֳıȽϣ¶ģҲһƱ˼ͽΣɵǱ

Ϊͷ˵ǿ֬һͷô˵ģǲɽգʦǲᣬѳļλʦȥԺҲܺǣ

һֻһֻʱͦԣҲӦˣɻͷͰͷĻ׵ԺȥԹˣȥҲֻëϣһķƴء

ͷļ٣޲̸ϹȥԼýԾҲֻҧȥμ˱

ǲμӵҲǵڶ˱ͷӻӣйصλƼģЭǸ˾ѹûμӹѵȻʯġ

췽ѹܴǸտãԴЩϵҲȷʵ࣬ҲֻӲͷƤѡһԹƽķʽǩΡǱһ꣬ԴƷչʾֳʱдʦȥֳţõģû׼һ¾һɳˡ

ĽĵȳҶǳǩսͷĵ绰һ뵽ǿ鱦˵Ѿˣ͸˲Ƶġò׵ȵҶ˻׷ȥʵ

æɺСġС䶼죬ҺͳҶ鵽һ죬ѹأ

üͷһţ˰¾ĵб仯ǿ֬ڳǱȥˣǻǰ֡ʵڷĲ£ȹȥ֪һ¶ǣʵڲӦãǡ

ʦסҪ˵ڵĻЦʦ˵ʲôأ֮ǰʦͽˣҪȫĻҪӮǿ鱦ҲӮգգ۾ʦʦƽʱͦģΪʦ棬Ϊ鱦ѵ˼ɲء

ҶǱѾʰԼҪĶˣ˰վߣʦġ

ɴ˫̥Ҳһ˱֤ʦͷİɣһ׼ɱڳ죬Ǳ̾͹ȥ

ıЩӸжĲУҲٽ飬ԸǿܺͳҶȸҹȥСġСúñʦҲˣ¾ȥȱʦİţ֪𣿡

Ҳ֪λµӳ̶ȣ̵ͷӦ

ºǼù˽Ǯףѡ䶷ַʽƷȨ˵ˣֶǹڶʯƷӣëϣвٹʯ

һ·УֻһͻİǮִţԼëϸ۾գ߼λĸ˰£׬⣬벻󡣺Լѡһʮëϣпȴ˲ֵ䣬һ֮µ͸˵ϰ壬뿪ˡ

ϰƽ׼˸ˣҲͰͶǰһƵŵİɣĿڳǣĶĺãֻҪȥܶһϸһλ̸һϿëϣԵĺӣ

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ͬʱͷĵ绰ָ£ͽһ·ϵڳǡͷڱ᳡֮Ϳʼϵڳһѣ޲ȥ˶ҪǱмλ˵ϻѣһ׼ȥץ

ͷʱǱУ˵Ǳߴķ¹Żǳͷ֮֡Ǳߺеĸ˵ɶʦͽͿģλǵĲүǷ¹Ż񴺡һҪ˻еġ

ͷԭű֮ٴȥУǱߵĹϵǰúǿ֬ҲǿӲ粼أ˭뵽˵û׼ͷƨɴ˾ȹȥˣͷòУҲֻܽƾͼƣȰס˵

ʺҽһϵȵëϰǱߣ˴ȥһ׼ģʱһëϵĿ̣¶ıǶһͷڵ绰һָͨϸļƻҶǱ˵ˣʱǲó棬Ϥ˰Լ

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ҲپⲻţǲǺæºҲһúллҡץʱ˺еʱҲȥǴ۾֮Щû²Ϥس˲

Ҫʿܣ졭ͷǱƺˣֻģ˵һҴҹˡ
ܶԺйȻϤư˹յĽڳǣ˲ֹһˡڱȶҵʱڰһѪ񣬳Ҫѹһѡ

֪ĹأǶ㵽һߣʦǡѡͷĶһһǷ¹֮ǰȣмʦ˵ǼλҲʶȥҶȥƫŰɡ

ܸʦѧһַ¹ţıضʲôҪƽʱĿҪ䣬ڳǸӾôĶˣ˵æӦˡ

żչ̨ÿϻԶһֵֻͲһŴ󾵡׵װҲġֻˣһԼ汾£һ־ǶͽǮĶͽ

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ǮҲĲˣҲеԥȻλʦĻĶܿ죬һ·ͬĸ˾һëϣֱҪһ档

Ŷǲϸ̴ǿëϣúܶģʵҲ˵ˣǿλŶ٣

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ڳľ䣬ȻҲٲ䡣ƷϣºиӵĻëϡӸòʯͷг̡Ө׻ɫ䣬Ĵ̼ͻĲƸǴԿܵġ

һ۾Ƽǿ˶ëϡȷʵǿëϣѾпһСƬ͸пڴ￴Ƽһ˿ˮϻšһ߲ҪһƬë໹ǲģΪıҲȫߵġֻһǩ

ĹǲѱֻĿǰ˵ĺ룬ëѾˣҼ۸ѾǸ˲١ľʱѾǩļˣһμۿǰģڸ˴ôʱڣʯͷͼμۣ˶ˣ

ĹԱߵһԱֹһαǩǺɫıǩ0136ɫǩÿ

μӼëѾɵġ׬⡱˰ֻпûԤϵǰãҪѪ޹ˡΧëת˼ȦƺԥʱʱԱߵ˼䣬Ӵļλʦõһ׼ȷϢ

Ƕʯ¶׼ģŲû׼мȥụ̂һʯͷû׼г䣡ļλʦҲ֧֧Ĳ˵ֻ˵ЩܡҲĻظ

òͷջǾ֣Լıƺ롣۾ǰëϣͽԱ׼еĺãôξͳ׷ˣ



125ս 
 
ǿ˶ëջ0136ıǩǴ̵۾۵ʺɫ

۾ҲˣڼԿ϶ëϺõ䣬ҪȻΪʲôôΪʲôСûʲôòģţǼ⣬ԽǵòģԽץĵҪõ

Լӣͷװŵүµһ鱦ڵĺ֬䲻һдģȴѵôôģ56֬˵Ѿѵãõʵأ˵ǹƷҲΪ

ѾǰëԻ۾Ｘͷת˺Ķй˼䣬ȥҴ0136λʲôˡ˵ţһѳƱߵĿڴ

߶ԴƺѾ˾ռߣǮһ䣬ֻʵԱ𣬾ڿ˵˽ǲܹ͸¶

üͷû뵽ϸ񣬵һܱǰһĨڵǿҲ͵ͷͬˡ

ʱ߻𻰣Ķֹ˼䡣

ԽϣЩɻû˵ǱŪôܻôǮģҲǣԽԶ̺;̾ӶࡣĵĿߣһǮܲһ㣿

һΪѵӣǮĺȣǵһ䣬Ǳһλˡ˵뿪ˡ

ëϵ˼΢Щλ˵ϰ壬ôŵһǱڣʣµһרŸĶʯ֡

ԥһ£ǽӴ򿪣ȡһСøת0136ŵĿˡСԼıһ·ţ˶Դ˵û˵ʲôֻǵ0136ſ˵ĻûñڿֺվһŵıڣİȫʩԶԴҪá

СԲߣҪԼϣȻ۾Щ̫ãϵĹԸļʦҲ¡Ψһ±ȵʱ䳤ˣ۾ҪƲżʱҪҶַһӡ

˴Сӽʱ˶е⡣ܸ˱ȽϤæôˣ׷ǮˣҿëͷӺҽϷģǮֻҪһЩˡҪȻ۷ǻ֧Ųסͳˡ

ҡҡͷûУλҸһӹ˵Ǹ

Щȣӹ򿪣ֻһ۾ӺСװĶҲ󣬲ǶָһϡһϺõ֬ϣѩ֬ԼƼԵϵһǳ

õ鱦ϧʮһֱ᲻öҲΧʯͷ״ǳǳ£滹дˡʵ֡

Ķ渡ǳǳۼȴüҪղסڻ۵һһѪֻ۾ѾѪ˿ֻ˵İ趼ͻҪۿĳһ㡣

һ۳žվסˡҶæһһҵķס

ҶĴģĵĸ񣬼³һѪɫҲɷˣʦ

ܴԼǽӴЩ˵˽⣬Ȼ³ͻȻӹСӣܿҵһɫҲʮֲá

ܣɳҶι˼ˮɫɻҰţ۾ֱض߬ŵһС߽֬ǡ

˵ǸԶ˵һй֬һ˱ֵǧЩԼʮˣ͸񡭡֮ǰðԽˣΪ棬һݡ񡱣ĻȴЩˡܿһۣӲͷƤȥЩֵʮë֣ԸºһݣǿëгĶҲԷһЩ

ı۾꣬ƬСĵظС֬ǰѾƣˣдһת˵ʲô񡯣ҶİܸȤԸԸóȫİһѹһǧҪӮˣǿëҲЩǮҲ

ԭͷƻһֻ֣ں롣ԭѼ̧ߵһĸ߶ȣȻ뷨跨֬һڵĽҲǶһֻû뵽˻زʦѪͱ̣ˡ

ܻظĻܿɸ˴ΪԷǡԽˡϵּĹԱдģҲûʲôϴϢܼλ0136˵İ񳬹5ǧ˱ͬһӮ˵˲ԵõëϵĹȨӵһǧ

Ǵ󷽣˸ЦǾ͸һ

ıȶǺ֮࣬ǰԷģ²ҲֻһλϤĺ֡Ҷë֣¾ͨıǶʯǱʾ޿Ķһ£ҲЩһѾóôǮƵԽ鷳øȥæת˼

룬Ȼǿ֬񣬲㶷һйصġƣ߿Ǵ˲ˣǶϳռλĴˣǶʤĹذɣﻹмСϣЩСϵһ˱͸λȨͷ⣬Ҫóսĥ0136˴ǡһλʶ֡

Ǳܿ˶ԷϤ䣬˺İһ峡ֻҪӮëϾ͹ˡȻһǧʵˣûǸӸҳ¶ǡһֱڰв²ԷݣҲ֪ǸӵйأǸİйء

ܿ츺˾ͻˣ˵Էͬ峡ʤݸΪգ

Ϊ֮ǰҲ˵ѡ䶷ԼԹŶо̾ʹӦˡ

0136˵׷ӵһǧ߰ϣҲӳ롣

˵һ仰£ֿϲ̾͸˳룡һĻᣬԷһ̫ˣŵΪԼһӮԲôһʾ޶ʽóô㾡УǸˣһġ

˳ûһξԼɹô



126峡 
 
峡ҹмûϢʱ䣬һ˫۾ͨ졣

һˡڶ񹤣ɰˡλɵʦϳҲ֪ãм汾£Ӯһ

һ̺ֶЩ峡ʤ붼ҪӮ

˫ЩƣԽϵȺгϢȻЩԸ⣬ҲҹڱƽֻôӦϢСʱ

ȥΪλӮ˵ĺʦһˮʦͷˣġ

ϰ岻ؿӦġʦӦһĿϢղŵдֻʤһ˵ʵʵ˵ȫӮˣӮ޷ʱϡԷӦֻһڱȶ֮ǰƷַۼһģһƣˡ

ȷʵǺƣˣ֮ǰǿһվڵһɳϢָɱȵƣϸĻƼָ΢΢

ۣۣĸۡƼ͹ǼǱȶõġСͷ֮֬ͷ˸һƵģ۵Ѿ˵ˡʦϧ˰뱲ӵıȻ³һղһСһС֬ϵָҲָ̧ⶼһĴۡ

ҶСĵסĵָ滺ǣѾЩӲˣģ̲סڵʦһϰɡ

ûѾ֣һλ֡

֮ǰıе̼֬ԼսΨλʦӮһӣضλʦȶˣҶĹײǾ˫δ۾ϡĲðգĶҲһҪʦǵʦѾûˣʦһҲ̤ɾ

һʲôѡ񣬻䶷񣿡û۾˵ĺǵͳһˡ

ʦ壬һѡЪЪɣһĵģ֪۾Ͳã֧ųȥˣҲҪ۾Ҹʦѧ˲٣ҡ

ǿ۾ȻǰѾʼģˣѾҪޣڸǰһĨҲࡣֻ۾ܣʦϵʲôʱܵ

ɫѿʦڱ鷳˵СġСĶ⣬ǿˡ

Ҳµ֣ʦһֱڳԼǱžѵμӱСġСǳλʦľ˫Ϸ顱ͷҪϵ׶ķƻҲ̾һܵҵ۾ãһҰɡ

ǡ

ͬʱͷӲμӵıϣ˫Ϸ顱һǱʦдƼţҡڰڽչŴʦģʣͬʱֳϣӴȻûβɣǾƾٶȺ͵ѾӮˣ

ϳһģһĶ⼸͵ںݺʦһǶ⣡ԼƼţ޺޵ؿͷʦ֪ᷢԲԣҼǵãϰдƼŵʱһֱʦŵ塭ҲһϵˣЩô

ͷ˴ǰĲˮѸĲҶһڣǿѹסһӵŭ𣬵ʲôй֣ҲǰԭⲻˡҲ߰˰ɣǣܷүǰµıʼҲ֮֡ǰһֱƣΪʲôͻȻõͼףҲã˫Ϸ顯Ҳãôô졭

λʦЩţһ˫۾Ʋȥͷ̲סҪģǡСϰӲңҪҡ

Ҫүͼ׷ơ˫Ϸ顯𣿣ͷһѽϣĿƵضȵֻ㣬ݹʦôϵʦôƾʲôʦͼףƾʲôʦŵƼչ

ǵʦȻѾˣǾһֻڣʦ治ͷʦֵҲԲ

ϰ塢ϰ˵һҪӮҲûа취ôʦʦСĺС԰ɣ˵ϸ䣬һҪӮȻӾȫˣλʦͷ󺹣ɫҰͼ˵ͷôֹ֪Լǰ;ҲȫˡһȥһͷϷֻԴΪأ䲻˰

ͷķ˦־ͶˡͱڿˣѾ˵ľ棬ʲô䲻ģڸĵǱߣ߾ʹܺͳҶҲ֪ܲӦкеĹأȥҲףֻƾȥһһĴ٣۾ֲ֧˼Ѿ˰ɣͷ̾˿Ψһεľȥڳ֮ǰû򵽺ָš

ƫƫһλ֣Ҳһܳɹġ

ĳǹѪһ͸ŲɣϢĹѪֱøʦıֻǷֱôףҪĻмֵ٣۸Ӯ

϶Թһ֣ҲЩ˼ɣ˿Ѫ޹ˡСʱʱ۳žҪȥλɵĴʦɶͷ亹ֱð˵

ˣҲ˵ʲôֻλɴʦһš֮ǰ񣬶ѪҲ֪ЩѪ֣һѩԭһʯͷһֱЩˣ͸Ѫɵʯֵߡ

ǰϼȻǺߣһѪ˿ܲڶǸճãһĸϢ͸ѪĸоԴˣѪ·˾̹꣬ɫƯ

̲סһ䣬ô棿˭һƳͷѪǹѪ̲ס˺վŵļλʦ֮ǰ˱ȶļˣҲ˿Ǯʲôûõķ

λʦɫЩãҲûз֮ǰЩĴ٣ǳȥҲ

ϰ壬͸ѪųƵѪ񣬿⼸鶼͸ѪˡпһʯĳԵףȻҲֵܱͻʧ࡭пܻԷƽ֡ɵλʦ˼ʣûǣͼԼ¾ƽֿҲˣҪӮýϰĺ

Ǹͽ˵׷ʣô跨

λʦָһšѪ񣬵ֵߣϰѡһɡ

޲Ҫʱϵˣıǩдšѡһһ䡣ǿѪ۾Ҳħķ죬ˣӲһӶù˵ģ

Щĺƺܵ˵ĳȶһѡȻѡˡ߽˵׼峡񹤱ȶʱһļļֱҪĳǻӮˣԼӮģз̵Ļᣡ

Сɫܲ˫˵һ仰

ܣѵ峡ĿԶɳţǿһ˫ǵ۾ǰСӣ֪һ򿪣潫һ鱻˵ԸǻһӮ



127 
 
峡ȶǺ˵

˵ǺHӹյһ֣ıǿںġˡָĲȷе˵Լɾַһǿ˵ĵ񹤡

ǰһƬɵģѾģϸĦСװǿ֬һһҪ״ΣӵݸҶҶҽ̸ʦһɻǵã

Ҷվһԣǵã˵

ĵ˵ͷʣڼ֧ˣ

ڶ֧ǳҶĵʦ֮һֱʹŵģһ֧֧ӣһݼʮһյϰõԼָһ

ЦˣĻôȴ·Ѿȫܺãܺáڶ֧㹻ˣⶼʦﴫĺöָǿиɢСָ̲֬ס΢΢ĦһᣬݸҶҶѧôãҲƵʲôʦûġеġ

ҶӹǸСӣ̨۲죬ԭ״ö֪һСеȴǱԵط΢΢Щǵĵطͷ­ಢ£һȴǿȻ£ŵĳ򡣳ҶƵĺ棬ԭº͵һĿעһҲЩðơ

ҶȡЯȣѡڶ֧׼һ֧عžɵƵǵ˷ֿ࣬һδȴðںĳУһǲվʯİۺ״ͻȳҶǿС֬ö࣬һһףһһСŲϳĵһȴ͸һϤ¾ɵĹϡ

һģԭӦһġʯ˭֪ǵΪ͵أʮ֮ǰҲǧѡѡ֧ȣ֬ϾĴĥϤİʮ֮󣬳Ҷʦųսѡеվˡ

Ҷ֬²ٺָÿһȣһСϾĵ̡õǡ˷౳ֻڲıز˫ۼᡣϵ֬Ѳ΢΢͹Сʯһֻ£ᡢһ֪ǵ̻ǧٱͼף֬ͨ飬ŵϻԭӦеӡ

Ҷÿһļ죬¡׼ֺݣ𡰵աɾ䣡Ψеһ֧ȱõѹбǳʣһȥǳһȴǡô

ҶѾܿ죬ȷȴᶨġ

ʯϾʯնУʯӲȱʵ߸ߵĶ࣬Ǻ񣬸ǵ̶ɣǳҶȲǲֺܺҶֻһ֧ȣڼ䲢ûͺŵ档Ҳֻӷ򣬿ʼԼʦŻѡôá

Ҷȫע˿Ҵ⣬ߺһǱĥǿĥѵ֬ʱ˺ܾãƺֻһ˲䡣Ҷڸ߶Ƚ֮£һںϵĸоֹڵ񣬸ʱԼҲʯһ㡣һЩʲôһʱ˵ϵָתһһʯĩºٸֳıһֻġ˵

ǿ۾ȥԼСͽܣ䵶οҶϾᣬֶǧıȶУʱ򱣳һƽģӮˡûѡͽܣȷǿ֮Ű

ʦ˿̺ЩԵ峡ıȶֻ˰ʤġ˵񼼷Ļ۷֮Ļ˥䣬ּȻҲ伣ֶУҲʦܴġҹڡ˵ϣȴҵαȶõҲֻǷǰͼףģһֻ񹤴İˣ̵޷ĥ¯ļա

峡ѡǷڴĻɺȨӡ˶Уɺ޲µöԽľӨ

öһһСδĥ·Ȼһ塣СЩֻҪЩùϸƱƳ𡰵աǳǹ˵ġHǷơ˵õһַѵáԴЩֻ·Ҫ׵Ķ࣬ÿһ˿·һٿֻһ۱ҪζһĹӴ

Ȩѵÿھһ䣬˵

˵ĻǰŴô᲻ǵүӵ־ҲүѧûѧᣬĵǴ˵ģݺݽͷӵ̺ϣý£Ҫųȥ̾ͱſڵλˡ

ȶûнȲҪ뿪

ʲôȰ£ֵĺȵļһģǼҵģǼҵġԸңһȺ

ǲٱȶȥˣ峡ܿ˽ˡкеĹأ˱ҪԼʯߵʱڴͼǿ뿪Ǻܿͱסˡֱ۳ȫǮƱϳʱҲûƼ˭Ӯ

ĴųҶǻʱʮƣˣǻֲȥϢһҪóҶȥʯҩˮ

ȲֳãƲ¶㻹СʦҲûʲô£㱻۸õЩϾɣֶͳһĹͺţòߡڲҩˮﻹЩҲװ۾˽ɴסڴϻ߶߶ͣ

쿡ҲʮˣЦȰģʦ߶ˣҶˣųҶȥˣǺǣͷ˯һɡ

һ쿡ܵҲȥϢҲҪɣȥ˯쿡ܴӦһ뿪æ׷һ䣬ȻƼҶҲȥϢ



ҹıȶȷʵǺ˴һ˫۾Ҷ쿡˻Щ˯һܼˡ

ֻǱ죬ҶЩȡһΣμһڲյĵطͣܣǼٵĽŲͣ׷ţۿżζȴһ졪ӵѪˮһ͸ϵʪ

ҶΣȴûԵɵһ󷢻šͳֻ˼飬տյģһ绰һϢҲûС˵Ҫһ£ʱ䲻ϵġŹ˼죿

Ҷϵʱ򣬻Щججƴ뼯оȴҲܽһʯϡϲĵҲֺ

ΪʲôѧģΪܹϸõǰõһӣı˭áһõԸתĵĸɫʯϣΪ۵룬ԲžѧճԿҲİɣֻǣǸ֧˲ˣֶܼã

ǿҲѵõϺðΪѰģ֮ǰʦֵǸսӽݵҩˮȡЦΪȥմȾĲҩӡֻʦ飬ƺҲֲ˵һ仰һƽ

ԭҪͼףҶѾǵˣȫֻһˡΧѾʼϤϤصƺóҶЩѣ۾ͼ侲һ£һۣҹƬʺ죬ĵؼҪ̲סᡣ

ۣҶѾԼҪĶ

޳ָסҲԵİͼԼȫ뵽Լ̵Ķȥһ񣬱һ

ʿͷĿĿĴȱ

ֻȱһ˿Ҫܿ˺

۾þˣֻ᷺᷺ۣһգ۵ĹϵС䵽ָϣʹҶĿﻹδ깤İһĨ̺컬£˳ʣǡһĨѪᡣ
 


128һƬ 
 
Ҷˣ;˳ˣҲδǼ

Ҷñ㿪ʼգͿ˭֣ҧصȷе۵תȦ۾ҲǷҩɴ߼Ҫ󼸸ͽʵڿȥӲǰĸ˳ȥϢ

Ҷ˯һ죬ղϣϺȵĳȥҽԺ·ֻ´ز飬ֻ˵õҽˣҺ֮Żһչ˳ҶҪιˮȴζǽյܿ͡Žһڵ㲵СʦܣȦһ䣬ûһҶ㵽ڻ±֪𡭡

߶˰죬Ǹ˵ֶ֪ǲ˵֣ҶҧݵЩιЩˮȥܾһǸ˵һιҶˮһˮι꣬޳

ʰ˶˳ȥһžײɡһ˫۾Ҳû㣬ֻ̾һղŶˣ

ɵ˵ͷҲЩһ㲻ŵɻȥҶĺǡ

ǡҲѹ˿϶𰸡ҲһβСƼһ𡭡֪ġ

ʲôʱһģأҶôӣľȹȥҲšüͷҶϲ˭ûʲôϵԼʦֵܱôңһҪʸǣˣ

ҡҡͷͳҶʶ磬һȥũĵʱڳҶߣӣôǾҶġʲôѴ˰ɣҶ˵Ҳöʡ

ſֱˣǸҶʦֵܣĸŲų⣬ֻ½컻һˣҲһɡϾᣬҶֹϵǲܱҽɵġ

СĺСǱʦ壬ʦȥϴչ˳Ҷһɡ

ӦһҶղſģһȦ졣ųҶһѧգôܳԿһӣԹʲôĺӣڶ𡱾ƭᡭѹ˼˵ģĪһֻ֣ǳҶ棬Ѿˡ

Ҷѹʱ򣬴ѾˣѡǶ½ȥֻ֪ͨͷǻûߡ

Ҷ۾Ƽĺһʦ

۾ϵıûԼͽһĶŲס˳Ҷ֣ҶʦءоôõûĶ۰

Ҷûʲôʱҡҡͷûˣʦûãûܱꡭ

˵Լͽܰ䣬û˵ͽӹ˵ʲôأĺܺãǰ컹ʦӮǸɴʦˣ⼸ˣʦûãûɱ߶ľóҶĵĻҶ˵ָͷӲǽ´ϱóҶһˡϵ˿ɵðϧ˫ֳԷء۵ŵָҶСĻͷȾ

ʳָѾϹҩˣܿͺˡҶȥһȦĵ۾Ҳʦ۾ôˣ

ɴµ۾̾˿û£ҪԼһִСͽܲżܾ۾أȥҶѾˣ΢ġ֪Ҷ˼ϸ壬⺢벻ţǼ⣬ļȰҲܵűԺлᡣʦǵʱҲøһ

˵ţŽˣЦǺǵĽһôͰĵһˣճţ¸Ҳǿܰ

Ҷϳˣæʺãʦ

ͷ̽ŵģæóҶϢȥĵ۾ֻͷ˳Ҷ¶ڱָһһСʦͽʵĺȻˡǻʦͽѣȥڳܿˡҶҶʦ˵ˣ˹ʦͷ

һҲˣһͷ仰أûҪģ

ͷظ֤ǱǴİ˼䣬Ҫǿװ֬ĺӣ˵һ·ϣóơòװǰ˴ˣԺҲȥǷݶ

ҲˣôϷߣ

ôϣСӻһǳǡⱲҲûô˹ͷһߴģȻˡѱóɣʦڱչҶƼΣԴСӵңҿһضûƼˣ

ڴͷһóľʺӵݸͷһְʦĺˬͱ£Ҳ䵽ز

ͷҰ˵ǣ߶Ļ¶ɴ򿪺ӿ˵һ۾ˣ۾ùԲȻһ⡢ô¶˭ĸпͷ̫θˣŸѼɤƵġ

䲻һɤһʵ㲻֪û˵ȥʱͱгˣ˵СģҵģǿǳҶģʣĺɵʦȶʱġ

Сû˵һסأЩһֱǱߵ¶Ҳû˵ùһۡͷ۵һһ֬ҵСЩǱ߽ǵطˣڡ˵ȶ¶һϸЩõСֻҲЩһ亹һû뵽뵽ôæҺҶгϢӮˣȻ״һ˫۾һүôһëϣ

ǰֻʦ˼ҵѪǻˡ̾һҲЩį

ͷһºĶ΢Щˣû¶Ļڣֻʦ֮ǰǳ·ûˡţԺ˭ϢˣʦԸ

ʦֵ˵һͷʣµļδС֬£øҶʦֵһһҲδʦǵһݼˡ

ҶһС֬棬ɫɲ԰ףһ֮㲸һĿȻͷҲеˣĳȥͽܷС֬ڳóҶϢ

ģͽӹǲðɣһȥ֮Ҽҩѵôõһ˫֣ɵðϧŵ㰡ͷһ·Ϸߣ߱߶š

Լͽǵ⣬ҲóҶͽֱ£̲סٴοͷ˸Ҷ

ͷ̾ĴһҲ಻ˣЦˣ㻹ҿ˳Ҷ𣬻ͷȥʲôã

ĲӦʲôö˵ͷóҶȥʲôʦȥǮɱˣʱ͸Ҷ˵Ҫõġ

ͷŻĺЦһ㶼ûյ컬࣬ȻͷҲãҶղֳʦˣҲöͷˣˣ֪Ǽҵ˭˵һ

Ҳ˾֮ǰΪҶ󲡼Լ۾Ҳãɴһʱȱճɼ֪Ҷٺãû϶òһģ˺ӵģһֱҲûʾͷ˵æ׷ʵǻһݲųɼʹˣ˭˵һ

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˫̥ԭɼҲΪǵĶǱߵһλʦͬĸ߶ӡֱͷվӣŷŹǡͷҲǺպڰԵÿĶȻЩ飬ˮƽǣ˵ĸ˵Ҳûˡ

ȻͷĶӣûЩϡŹֵıǲأ֪ЩʦĻ⴫˼ͷ¶βʵ飬ͼӴ׵İ¶˵ˣһҡͷ̾ϢһĵýζȨˡ

˼ʦڲ£Ȼܣһʡȥ˼˱ˡʯԾӵĺңɳҲ˸ǰĺͷֵúү۾ȵ佱ʱүӸȥ˻᳡һװӶӲʯڵһŵļαϯϺĿ

Ǹʯ򽻵ûвϵλүӵģˣȻǰȥкκү߻һλˣһͳװԵźæǰȥƬֳܸںүҵģںְضС

˱үӵĽ֮󣬱ض˫ַԼƬǳɫĺʵֽӡ塪

͵үþ˼ܴβ֪Ϊʲôͷһţһһ۶¡үԼӣſλû˼ʳʵһֱɺλʦҵСͽܡ

үӣһǺСԪһǺСԪСҲƤЩүӸһرֺͣҪ˵صģǺ¶ɴֲ˼ܵûвġΩֻһ㣬ϲˡ

ү˼ؾɣ˺ЩƢҲƷˡϲҲϲŮҲգҸôҲ¶ˣϲɣôкСԪڽӴǣүƺ˧ŵĲôô緢Լô˧Сӣôƫƫϲء

Ҹõģճڵģŷִ̡һһҲͦáүֹ߶ţ۾콱̨ϴϻغСԪ͵鱨ʱ˵ˣϲƯġ

ү׼˵ġƯֳǸ콱ǼС᳤úÿĻǲࡣѵƼһɫģҲõ˵һأֻǸͷҪЩү£ôԼǿвȥ

ţһˣȻ֣үˣ΢Ц˵һ˫ֱֱģͼô紵ݶ

ϲº񣬸˭ôС

ллλҲϧֵĶԻʵʲô

źˣǴ˵ɺСģҶû𣿡ƼгҶģû뵽ֻƼ˳Ҷʦֵܡ

⻰ҪǷƽʱҲֱӻشˣҲˡԴӱģĸ֪Ҷ¶֮ôʣʱЩˡСʦ˻δã򾭲һε䡣ίĴһ䣬ҶЩڱʦˡ

ƺҲɶԶһû׷ȥҶ佱ģû뵽ȴ˸ա

ү֮ĬĬİѳҶּ

Ҷ佱ûȥŵ˵ʮһλֻһ֤顣˼Ҳû棬ӹ֤Ҳֻ۱ˣǵ֮ǰ˺Щʯ˵ǵȫٸ߼ȥûеõһõΣЩʯٵһӲ֪ܵǸʱûУ

Ҷ̲סȥŵǸֻһֱҲûܵȵҪӵǸ绰еʱҹȻҲ̲סȥһۣȫޡֱZУֳҶ˼΢ҶԼҪ˻һƽ

ǰҪҶչ˺ԼĸףҲδᾭһ

ȳǿֱǰ֮۱Ƶʲôĵزܻ˦׷ѡֻÿһһ֪ȥϾͿסˡ

Ҫģǵȴ

΢΢üͲŵƺߡ

Ϊ첲̷ֽţСĹ۲ɫ磬ӵѾȡˣû˵ͷǳӣŪЩҩ

þưɡɬĺǷɳظĺܿ죬ø첲ȳǿŶӵҲûе·̣Ļ£һõȫıǮûзաûиȾԼͦȥҲͦȥ

⡭ΪЩΪѣΪȡӵʱõľЯľƣǸʱѾðˣڻʱ׵ҩĻȾ

þã˷ľôԺʮ㡣Ц£һƥѪǣڳȥ̫Σգ˸첲ȶǿ

ȳһ߳ѹĿǱ߾ƿšȻ̧ͷһۡȳһͷ⣬ñ߹ȥݸһСƿҾƣٺãǹӶҲԲ絲ӵлл㣡

Աߵһۼ⣬һ۾̲סƲ죬͵Ӿưɣ٣ӵĶ˭Ҫ

ͷɫ˲ˣ粻ȷʵǲǰյǷݡһƿ٣˵ٵһƣôһƱǵסը˸ȱڣֵû𣬵Ǳը׷ľ򲻵Ѳɽ֡

ͷȾƣһƿ׼ãû뵽һֱڡ

ǣٴҲû뵽͵ľǡþһɣôߣ⵹Ǽʱ갡ֽӹƿһۣܿ׸ղ˿ڵˣЦţҩˣ

ȳŵļֵ׳ȻЦǶĸһ̳ǸһֵܣĽ飡

ȳҲԳһ˿Ц⣬һˡǸܻûб֣һи

ȳһеһߵĶߣ֡ĵĵȴȵΧ˵סʱһڣ

λƴȳѾȷ׷·һ·Ǿ죬·ǰģƺϤüλ㽻𣬵ǸĻᡣȳݷţͼԼǻϵϡ

Ǵһˮ裬ûüĴһ㱻һǹ˴ϵĲ

ģΧˣ

ӣȳߵĴͷһԱߵĻȳһ·ǰ棬Ǻܿӵǳľ˭٣ȫڣ

ȳһƬ֮ǰ̫࣬Ҫ˿Ǵڡ

ǹֵгɢȳһ첲жҲʵǲۡڻԼõĵطպԼȳһ·ºۼ㹻ˡʣµģ¶

һϤ׵ˣܺãǶĴҲʵڼǲϡǵڻëƼΡ˼תġΡҲЩ

磬βˣҽȥ˵ݸһǹװӵӸжʾ˺𡣡ϵ¶֮Ϳԡ

ҲȥȳһѾǱ߽ͷܾܿͻܵҪܵˣҲץסˣ֮ǰҲȫˡ΢ҹɫһ͸ź⣬ָᶨȥת磬ģмһҲҰһ¶

Ҫ뿪ضҪӱıĶ飬ҪǣҪɸɾ뿪һ̶ǲˮҲֻдɾܱüƽ

Ǻðɣһȥ˵Ӧû뵽˵ĻҲסֻҧӦˡ

סֻ뻹ûǸĵĺ룬ǽֻǸ˵ˣҲˣ⼸졣

ӦһãȻҲûлֻͣ㶵һ߻ҹɫȥ

ͿˣҶٵȵҡ
 


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ȳһء

˭û뵽֮ǰôǿֿȳȻȥˡΪȳվ׷һ·˷ٺɱˡ

ȳеȷǹصģֿ̯ġ϶㼯ǹСǼ˵ȳĴҪʲôԼ˵б۶ģô󶼴ȳһ㡣Ǹʮꡢܳˡ

ҲȳĸȻҲ߽˼ȳһʲôҲ䣬ȳõôꣿֻܷͷġһǸ硢Լ˳Ȧӵһ׽

ȳƺ׵ҲЩϵǵزȻסĻǰʮǮһġŷԵҲǴûǱЩֻǸеĳҲûܱ⣬ֵַ󣬾ǿ׳ļ켸ҹҲЩԲ

ȳƺҲЩƣˣıĻҪЩȳ̸ʱſڻվǼĸڣȳڲزסһ˿Ρ

¶ʱ̣Ҳƴȳ̾˿Ŀ˿ڡǸСӣȥЩ¶Ҳֻܰиˡ

վСĵӦһ䣬ֻ˵һá77Փ5

ȳʾ£ϵı΢ЩЩ취ȥȥ֮ZУȥԲһŵˡǶһ˺ϻ޵Ĺ˾ЩֵЩǮȥ˵Щת㡭һ룬ʣµһתҵļˡ˵ȳƵ˵ԼµһƺϵԼôһ죬˭֪ʱ͵͵һݶǮƣֻٸ޶һ̡

ɽСģûȳŵԥŵһ䣺磬¶׵Ļǻˡ˱ҾƵĴͷˣҲȳĵıڼĸ

ȳ¶һ˿οʱйȫֵıʮ⡣ȻԼĿǵģ̰ƣģʱҲ¶Ż⣬ǹҲˣͷҲڱ죬һᷢʲô¶˭Ҳ˵׼һ©ܳһּۣһ仰ȥһ滹˰ɣ

һ̼βסԼı顣

ȳȻ¶һ΢Ц˰Ҫţ㲻Ҫģֲ㡣ǸŮ˼ң¶ẦµҲ֡

ǸͲˣЩӹɥȮΨһЩɵʱҲֻüһ³Ҷﻹǵôˣȳ˵̾͸˳˼䣬лл磬鲻¶ûӡҲûǸȥǡ˵΢΢۾ԼԵЩΡ

ȳǹˣ͵лŮ˽⣬û˵˼ġֻΧǸ鿪ٸߵļ룬Ҳ޷ҡһһһģɲΪһ˾ܴ򶯵ġ

ȳ̸ˡ롱ȥˡԼһѾǰϻûһ㷭ĻᡣҲΨеȴ¹ȥһͼž۵Ļᡣ

ʮһ£ǰ죬һɫγߡ

ʮ£ͬһZУȳļҵȳԶǸûɵĵط޶Ҳڹûл

鳭ȳļҵ׶ʱ򣬳˴ֽ𣬻һڳصĺܺãͷϰռе˭벻ղݶ¡˭ȥǸ£µֵĳôҡڵĲ棿

һ㣬ɫһɫʵվͷϸһȦһʵΣƼǸƾɵֵң鶼˺ܶࡣ

ǰƴܶꡣ˹꣬ӹҪӲʺܶ࣬վֱͦšľɾҲЩˣ¶һ˿˵ǹȥ¶ˣʱ仯ʵ̫졣ˣˡ

Ȱο˼䣬ԥһ£ǿ˿ڣȳ˵ҽܼ磬Ұתһ仰

Щȣʲô

˵û統ǷݴҲδػн

統ȳһݴһŮˣŮ˻һӡΪݶ飬ŵ¸ɻҲǡݴ޷¶ȳҲһˣһλ뵽޶˽ˡ˶ӣҪӾĿǣӵõһСνһ̽³

վͷϾþûгðβЦ̾һԭΪ˵Ӧƽһ飬ְ뿪Цһ䣬Ұɣڵ̯ԽԽһæҼǵãӦûȳǷŰɣ

ӣѵЩͳҶ¶˶Ҳܲڵ꣬ҹǸСͲ¥Ҷ룬ƲҲܲ³ô¶ˡˣǿл׳֦Ϣһʱ䣬ȵ˵ɡ

ǺãʲôʱϢˣﶼһλáҲΪ˵ͷͬˡ˵֮ǰȷǸ໥ãôܽһϻرӱֵ߿һۡ綯ϧŵ˼ͷбµ˲٣ִŷݶѪԵȴѵˡ

ʮµףȷһаȫڷ±һĳذZǸͲ¥

ʱǰ磬򿪷ûƼһˣ̨ϻϴ·źůůϢڸһȦֳҶʰĲмҵĸоǳҶסǸңȻСЩһļϰ˼ӯӯֲԱ߻˼мܵʯźмζ

һᣬôô⣬ɴڳҶʰĴСһᡣϤζ͸㣬̲ס˱ǰԼס̾˿̫ˣ˯ˡȵģģſǱһˤϵ춯ʱеûӦһŲܹԴϵıӡˢһ±ƿ۾

磡ûͱһײϣܽסֵŲȷĲصҪ޳

ҡҶԴôڴϽڻˮһˣû˰



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ſڻĻֻ֣ҡҡԴҲ֪˵ĲáǡûΪ

˺ü˰ɣ˾ȻҿЦһ˿ůůЦⶺŪˡϷŪĻû뵽Ȼĵõ˻ӦоҶſڻͷʱҲһƵۣ̲סѻ˱ˣ˺üڡ

ҲֵޣҲ𡭡

Ÿ졣ҶˣЩӶһŹģǲҲѡҶһᣬ̧ͷʣԺ˰ɣ

ţˡͷһڣųҶ۾ˣ۵˺ü¡ҲˣҶǱ˵ˣǱߡְˡ

ҶֱԼһ۾Цң㣡

ˣ˸ϲ˲䣬ðҰɡҶЩӶæʲôˣҰأദô˵˵ɡ

ȥˣ˵ϿæƽʱˣϻҳԡҾϿΣп˾͸ʦȥ񣬻μӱšʦŪһңǱߴ򹤣ȥüˡ

һڴ죬Ҷʱ䷢¶һһĽҶϵ˼κܸˣųҶûͷûԵһ治֪ǽҶǽԼ

˰Ц˲ҶǣһСЦĴӼЦĻ࣬Ƕղˡ

˻ƼǸ˵Ŀһƿ׾ƣҪԼӺȸʹ졣үҲǹˣٶ¶ܲ³һ㣬ȾƵʱԼ͸¶ֻҪһƽ󡱵˼ѹ̫ΪǮЩֵõ¶

±̬֣İɣѾǷݶˣҾұ»ûôҲɲЩ

ֺܸˣôǼҲȥͻȥС嵱֣Ǳ߿ԽԽأϴδ绰ʱһֱһȥҾǲ㣬һֱûӦء

ֱﵹ˾ƣЦȥףȹʱǶȥҲļˣ

ҶҲС뱭׾ƣǾٱҲŶССڵĺȣͷ˺졣

˯ʱɸҶ˯һֺȵе࣬ϴϴȥ˯ˡԡﺰҶëҶսȥͱβǸϽȥгԸɾ

ȵˮҲ̵˶µȼӲҶľƾˣһ޻ֻ˵ϰԼֽŶϣڡ

Сͷζȥĵطһ˫ҲûţŪŪȫĵȥۻıҶ꣬ﾭ̣ôŪŪĲʱ緢

Ҷһ˫۾Ƶģ̧ͷȥ𣬺Ĵ֡

𱻹ò㽻¶ǳǳĳŪֻгҶһôû磬ɲôͷŹҶ

˸ˬԳҶҲչţɾˣôԡס˱ȥ

ҶϢһᣬҲظЩȥ𣬡磬첲ϵôŪģ

𺬺һȥҶˣղŤҲŪ

ǲǵ˰ɣҶסƶ֣һתƻ˼ûСô˵ģŸ㶼ʲôȥˣ

װȥֻסҶַԼ첲ϣϸһ顣ܴ̼§ס˲ǹˡҶ𶯣Ҹ˵

Žһ飬ֻ˵˰ֻ̣Ҳðһ¶ر뵽һЩʡȥеգҲʵ˵ڼ˼µ顣

ģû׶ƺһϱҧһڣ˺ݾ֮ǰԡĿпҧҧɲͬ϶Ѫˡ𲻸ҹԼϵӡȥ˵ĳҶӼ˻ҧأοҶˡҶ˵ˣԺҲЩˡһͷѧУٿꡢʲôģĶҲȥˡ

ϵЩž͸оžž棬һʪˡ

ˣ³Ҷ֣ͷޣްҶޣҸ첲û¶ģ㿹ưҲˣ۱ˡҶҶԲŶܾͷٿޣҰָ˰һ㡭

ԼϵȱûˡҶСùý̵֮û޹ˣսŻ͸ŪΣҲЩ޴롣

˰ϣ֤Ժ¶ţȵҶ˯˲˿ڼҶһ仰û˵ýţ͸Լ淸ĴƵġ

ֺñֵĿŵڶ͸ҶڲϷ˸档ҶϢһ۾ѾûôˣϸڣֱӶˡ

ֺǺǵİвʢźšλûţԺܶ¶뿪ˡãһҪľǸҶ󷽷һ

һٷԵ̹ҶദҲƽʱһǳҶŵĿӳסˡƼҶӶ͸ӣƼҶӲ˷ǣҲȻȥɾȵϴʱ򣬻ẰҶ·걳λѾײˡ

ٴҲˣ˸տʼľ㵣ҲƽȻѡЩȣҲеģҲ֪һ㡣ټҶദһʱ䣬֪һúӣҲرѡ

ʵεǼꡣ

Ҫ׵ıҪչ˵ļꡣʮ꺮ΪĲһȴƫƫؼʱ˵¶ֹһεûȥȾƣûȥЩȥ˻죬ûЩ¡ϲ˴ѧѼͥѶӵĽˡֻ˶ӵǰ;

һֱÿǷ̫ܶ࣬˽ΪҲôСͱծԼصʮߡȥܳ;Ϊʼÿһ𣬶ܡ

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һۣҲ΢΢ǰĲãھŬøװɡܾĸ׵ΣҲֻöӻĸ˵㣬ÿ춼ôˡ

ֶͳҶ¶Ĭ֮ٶԳҶǱҪȣ緹ϻȥڳ˽˿ռ䡣

ˣֳȥ̧žͽ˳

ҶϵΧȹˢأ䲻ͱĴӱסˣķҪһڡҶͷһ£˻⣬Ҫ͡

ҫ̫ˣҶ̲סͷôˣ

ǵأȥһ߳Զһ˵Ұ֪ǵ¶ˣ

Ҷûˤȥ

ѽҰ˵֧һ顣æİ°䲹ˡ

Ҷ̫ţԥ£׿ô˵ģ

һֲʵҶ·ǰɣô˼˵ʲôʱҲȥʦ˵˵ɣСǱߣùǶ֪ͨһȦ

Ҷɵˡ

ʲô˯ˣͲ˰˳üﶼЦ⡣׼׼ǹ͸ȥ
 
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Ҷ磬ˣͷҡ˰
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ʰ˶ǰũˣһԼֵܣͳҶһһ㡣Ҷͽţϻظ裬ǲһůƿˮԼȥ֪ҶƤҲΪӣԼֺǺǵ׼ũס

С绰˵ֳǱߵķˣˢһ飬Ҿ߶ú˾͵һȥסأǷԼһֽģֻͦϲȻȥƣȳҶźˣҲϽؼҹꡣû

ӦһҶҲŵͷϳʱ򣬳Ҷ߶µĺһ֣ߡ

ᣬֻˣ۽ǵƶɢæӦһ³Ҷӡ

ŷźٻЩӣɴгؽͳҶϿΣеʱҲųҶȥýʲôĵشѧȳҶ࣬Ҷµ·͸Ź˵ˬҲ˧ĺܡдγҶȥѧУͼݣΪûн֤ɹů˯ûסпڵϴ˸Ƿһᡣû뵽ôһĹ򻹱˸ˣУϴĳѧԺУݡ

һע⵽˫̥˫̥лռ񱣬ϲ̳﷢ӹˮ߻ֺ͵ȼѧУ̳ûŹƬ֮æʦơ

С仹һ۾ɣҾͦ죬ֲ̫񡣡

СҪһЩüͷҲͬͱˣǰ̵㣬Ҳûô⡭

ʦԣЦᶼͷˮĹҲͦ࣬Զһ˫ðĵı뻮һġҰԡԸС

һЦһֻ绰ҶιҶæ𣿲æʹ򿪵ԿѧУ̳öǸǱ¶򿪿Ͷˣ

Ҷʦһͨ绰˵ĺãƼƬҲһЦվںƳһۣųҶĲӲǱˡүǡֶ

ĺҶȥһԷʱһƼ̲סЦġǴ󷽷ڳҶԱˣǸλò̫ãһ̧ͷƼǲ̫˵

Ҳͦƣһ̧۾ƼСͽܸʾãʲôʢҨмȡ̡СƽʱһźˣҶеǿﻹûɾأ

ҶҸʦкˣиȥμһ¡Ŷˣĩ뻺ɣȹ꿪ѧٲϡĺ˿ڸҶ̸¶һֱóҶǸԼȥвŵýһֱҶұ֡ͽܣ˵Ȱһ䣬Ҳ̫ۻ˷ˡȳȥ˳߿һ¡

ʦ۶࣬۾һתҲ˳һ䣬ǣˣӹȻҲͶˡ֮ǰôƴҲǻ¶Ǯܡ

ɿһ˹Ҳһ䣬Ҷϵ˻ûɣ칤̨ȱˡ

üȥӵ׽Ҷ־Ҫ飬֮Ҫæ¶ͦ࣬Ҳû˵ϸơʹƣָͷϹȻ˺ۣʳָϣһɫİ̺ۺĿǰͷһƵġ

ѹôŪģȱǮô¶

ʱ򣬲СĲ䵽ġҶڷϲûش𣬰ֳȥԷ߸СƵˢˢͶϣоԲˡ

극ʦֵܼԼæԼģ׼СͽܽеǰǰѵأƼȥˣͷɵ۾

Ժ׷ʳҶô£Ҷ֧Ҳ˵ʵ

ҲˣżǮ˰æҡǼҿͦߵģҾڹ˵Ҳֻ

ŶԴ˵СĽָͣͷһ˰̺ͼӣӿһ˵ζɵô಻۰ָͷô죿

Ҷͷ͵ĸˣС˼䣺۰ÿ춼ͦ۵ģûǮô硭ǶʱۣҲۣͣ£ָѾҲȥ׬ǮҵѾǶʱ֧Ķ

̲סһ䱿˽ر˻ú޲ýҶԼҲ£ҲԿѡȻһʱ򣬳ҶǾ䡰㡱ԭֻһ۵黰ĳҶѾһӵ׼ˡ

Ǳ͸ˣðɵָͷ۶˶ǮµĽѵȴĸֻ˺۵СצӣǸ˵صģĿ̺۵ʳָ

ͷ£ֱҪĵǵ۶ɾҶ۾ЦôѵһҲա֪ģʲôΪء

˰ŵȵͽܣ滹һ߸Ӵ粽룬ɫ˲е㷢ˡСͽ֮ǰδӲٵһ̾ȫˡĿ̳ϳ´ƵģһķᡣСͽܻǸǰһʼǣĵ΢ù˵㡣

ĽעҶȥҵʯϣ׼

ҶӦһЩԥʦҼﻹм飬ܲܲȥ

Ǽ鲻УƳһ۳ҶĴ߸ƣ˵ʲôţȻһСͽܾͲˣαͦʽҵļͽҲμˣ㲻Ūϣõһеա

Ҷһֵͷȥʼǡ֮ǰʱҲǼҵͽܣͦģ컹ȥˡ

ΣҶʰߣǶ˿һҪߵ˼ûСҶ£Ū˰ʼǣǸһˡ

е֣ʵôǻ¶

ǣм¶Ҫ塣ȿ˿ڣҡϲҶչһӡ

İŷӦָͷе£ƵĿ˳ҶһۣҶ㡢ʦ˵˵ô¶

Ҷͨһ¾͹ˣĴã˵ʦͽ˵ͬӣɾ˵ҲˣʦһҲϲϲþˡ

Ķ㿪ȥԼϵǸɫīϣ۾һͷ쿴ͦˡ˵

߶ֵеˣļʦֵҲܹһƼҶڵæǰȥҶǶһʲô˵ͨİ˵

Сʦأʦˡ

ǣʦˣ˵ʲôӦ㣬˵ɡ

öˣ⻹ûʳȻôһϡģƫƫǰСͽȷʵͷ⣬ƽʱƼ۶ۣԼű߸᲻á̾˿ȥ˳Ҷվ˵ʦֲϹŶ䲻һ⺢ӣú˵ʦΪ

ʦ

Ҷе㶶ҲĿ˿Ҷֿ˿ǿͷ㣬㣬Լ˾ͺáҪǡڳҶһ䣬ѹñҪ۸˾ͻʦ𣿡

ҶȦͷţ

ʵҲеˣڵҶıʵ̫ԡҶǸôεˣһʲôҲ˲ˣڹƴɻּҶϧԼǾԼСͽûϢϲ˭ϲǸåһûֹôԼأ

һرŤˣͽܣ³ҶԿҪ治ҶһĹƻұͽ䲻ˣҪСռô񣬵ȵֵ

ôŤСͽܣĳһ뿪ıӰ̲ס̾һҶҪǸŮžָҪŮɡ

Ҷˣʰ׼͵Ǹղſɶǡס

ĿһǲǾþһ˲֪ͦİ

ǼλվԭؼҡͷΨһ˵С䣬⺢治֪ƼҸ˹ƵҡͷŸ˶

϶Ųǣ᲻ʰҶʰ⼸Сӣ˵ûУղñ߹õͦ𾢶Ҷ¡浱һûǲǾͷɵˣߡ

ʦ壬ɵɵƤ۾һȫ֪ģĩ˶ٴο϶¡ɵ

Ҳͦɵ΢ɣҲû˽ڲ١

ɵģġСĿģһСģ

СոҡͷãˣôҶɵˣ˳վŵʦֵܣֳ˳ģڰĿ˿ڣʦ壬ҡɵ𣿡

Ĳһ仰ˣסЦ㲻ɵɵͷʮԻͼһŷʮţСһ٣ҳȥԾ¥ȥ
 
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ܣɵġ



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ʯԭϹӦ̣ȷʵͦһ塣һеûвʶүӵģǺүȴһκ˶ﲻķա

үиӽкСӳţǾ̵һѺ֣үӴСǰӰġʲô㣬ƫƫһ㡪ϲˡҺߺүӵʱ򣬻һƽı飬˵ˣģû취

үӵҲѺϳȥ꣬û뵽ȷʵʱŪһҵүʵͺˣʹˣﱲ۰ҲԽԽԣѾǰôִʱһΪˣҺ˶ҲȱһڽӴүú˼ңӹܼ¡

үӻһСӣкСԪСԪСֺģֻ飬ܵúүϲүеʱˣûٸ߶Щ¶

СԪǺܳģү˵꣬ĸ˳ֶ֮࣬һ˿ǡСԪΪүүСŸ룬ÿ춼绰ʺһ£ʱ򻹻ܵæȥĶˣСԪͷһ¶߻һ˶ûССʼҪһӹ

СԪүүãһģⲻþҪүֹһүǸСԪһһģǲˣºҲ

ү˰죬СԪҪǸޣŪЩƬеġҲװɣүЩȷʲôż

СԪҡͷһаүүǼ̫Ǯˣµʱ˲ǱҸģΪǮġҪҸƭˣǲǸģСӶǣݵĸֿӾ磬˰˲𰡡

һһСüĶһᣬǺүȿ˿ڣСԪҪ绰ϲʲôģ

СԪҲǣͳֻȥˣߺ߹Ĵ˰죬˵Ҫҵ绰ˣæˣ磡磬ѽе¶㡭

ǱߺƢЦһ˵ɣʲô£

ʲôүүͦģʲôʱؼһ˿£СԪ֧֧Ļ˵¶ĺүһùֱſʡСԪһҧӲͷƤˣ磬㻹ûҵʵİɣɶϲʲôİǲǣǴ飡ȣʲôүүѾòˣ˵ˣʲôеġ

ҲҪҸүүһ˼ұˡüģһ춼ûиʮƣԼᴦãͦ࣬Ȳ˵ˡ

£ȸ㵽Ҫʲôİүү˵㲻͸׶˯̤ʵСԪˣźǱ߰ûе顣磿

ƺˣӦһ͹ˡ

СԪڵ绰£Ⱥ˵绰ð챣ֻơ

ү֧ŶأƼСԪȻ˵ˣҲˣٹչյŵ棬ߴٵôţô˵İҪҸʲôģ

СԪɥһҸ˵ҪƯġ

үҲˣȣƯҲã˳ۡһᣬֿʼüСԪ˵᲻ˣֲҸǣ

СԪе㾪ȣܰɣϻȥûиҸر˰ҲǰļͬѧȥǱ

ү۾ˣǰͬѧȥǱߵʱǲͦ˵ģ

СԪŵ˵ͷЩգүүҸҲ֪ЦǺǵв˵ʱ򰡣

ҪҹȥƣϻرʱҾ;ͦԾһ׼ϲǰĸСˡүԽԽпܣźСԪҪԼȥǾԶ͵͵һۣȻ治ġ

СԪû취ֻܴүү͵͵ĸϹȥ

үӵмģ쵽ʱǵ˸绰ǱߵСԱһ̹ĸүӸܣϰȥˣء

үָȥ֣Ǳֵ߽̫խȥ㣬үӾʹźСԪ³ȥҺүһһīŰ·ڱĵطһỹˣ

߸ŸкǱ߸˵Щʲôűȶүүȶˡ

ҪĻ߶ɽ񣬻񣬶ԡҪûһЩָŵʲôڽ˵Ҫһ㣬պá

ҲͦϤģЦŴȤһ䣬СôãҲͷ⻹һ໨ϣͷСʵ˵ҪⶫһأĲһ۸ϻи˴˸ϻȥһĥ͸Ūɵ̯ˣˣ

ү͵͵濴ż˵һ仰ǸСᣬ֪Ļ١үӾͦοҪǺôһҲƽʱҲйͬԡ

СԪҾ㿴ҪǸ磬ϣͰšү˵ţǱ

һͷ·ĵС˹ҪһҲˣؼëͷһȺåһɷǰͷӵĻëﻹšһӣ

үƼǻëסĵǣԼŰӽȥˣүӵӳԿ̽ͷȥơ

ǻëȻֱǹȥˣŴúԱк԰أվһûԱǸкͦ󣬾ȻҴͷһԣ

үŵòᣬ߶µͳֻҪӵһ̱

ǰåƺҲͦæ˰ӾˡүӲģ׻Ǻ˼ļźбšүҲŻȥˣȵϲúСԪ˸绰ȥ˵ǵˡ

үһϾ͸ĳ˽ӷ磬Ĳ˵ǸмүϴεΪܽôһϵëҲһҪллġ

ȻͽǡеͽͦԾԼҲĳλ߯Ծֵľ͸ˡ

һƼ̲ס۵ı飬ֿôСͽܣҲˡ

үӳһĴļСӣҲһ߸СԪֹⶼǰϵͬѧȥ𣿡

СԪ˵ͷҶʦֵɲǰͬѧô

үӶʱǾ䡰ҪƯġɨһ۶Сӣ۾ֱֱضڳҶϡƯľˣǺҴŵ˰ɣֻŻе졭

ϣҵͽܣгҶϻȥֱʱ⺢ҲμˡĸүӶһĽ飬үһֱųҶƣһ¡ϴȥڳ壬Ҳ⺢˹أ

үŶһ۾е㷢⻹ǸбµĺӣҪǣ֣׿ʹţ

ͽʲôãеϻҪǸȥڳ壬ǱҲܳǰĿԼͽ˿βԺôҲβסġ

ү̸ŵͷ岻ðҲʶҽ»ش⺢ȥơҲϺүóϱ۹´Ҷͷţ̲סһƨɡԣеģƨҲүźƿߣһӣѧ˰

Ҷô󣬵һα˿ͷƤ飬δ͵ëַˣĿİͰ͵ػشˣңҸʦѧʮˡ

үе죬СԪڵүһ£үˣǸ

Ҷеãˣ磿ȥ˹ʯţôˣ

ǸǸСԪһֱ߶ǣڼˣҶŪ㺣ΣԤðãүӸȷˣҶһԼϵˣƢǺãҲʲô˹ְ

ү˳ҶһЩѧҵԽԽ⡣ԳҶ黹һҪҶˡ

ΣڸҶѹϵ֪ԼҶǲһˡͳҶ֮ĽʵҲ˵ǵľ֮ҪǺԳҶû¶˼˹һӶǺѡںѾ˻ߣҶദҲͦã䲻үôһϣֿʼԼ֮׵

֪ԼҶûϷǺСԪ֪СԪԴתķɿ죬ڹ뵽ƽʱҶȥ绹üεѧУҳҶԳҶĵĺеǸ˼СԪ͵͵˳ҶϲͣƯ

СӿʼᣬӲǺͳҶλԼ硣СƤʵôû죬ЦǺǵļԲ˺ϡ

СԪһæүҲϹ͡ҶŲλùǺұǺүӣенʱȻүץס֡үӶԳҶ˫޲ڣͽֹǺܺðһƾǰѺֹ

⣬ƼүӴԼĴָϰһָܴҪҶסү˵ˣİһͽܾ;رͶԵҲûʲôָͦ꣬ھ͸Ҷ񡭡

һ߳Ų˵Ĳ豭ס粻ġ

ҲˣүϴŵһĶ𣬱˵ǰָĸͷˣֻ˵ɫҲһһĺðұ̵ðģһƾİ֮⡭òͽܵİɣ

ˣ̫˽үˣһƾүˡæųҶԼүүһ߸ȡָһ˵үүŲˡ治ô£

үӲţҪͳҶָһæץ˳Ҷ֡ˣһѲ豭ϣ۾źǸҶաһֶðˣ

쿡۷Ź֣˹ĳԼģ˫̥һģһһãСͬѧǸĺӣڻ֪ԼϲСʦѾޡȥˡ

һٷԵĻģôǳˡ

үүȰȥҶҲĻŴˡٷԵĺܽţ벻ôӵйϵΪүͽأ֪ų̂ʦһֱŴǺԼôһСͽܣǧܱմˡ

ں棬ȵҶСҲһӵĲʹ죬ɫĲٳǽָͦİɣʲôо

ҶСľ磬ǲǽָǰָ

һϴ׺ɣʲôָָģƼպĸҶ׶ˣ

պĵǣôֵǮذɣͷҲá˵Ҷڷô㿪㻹պĽ鰡Ͳ㵱Ƹˣ

Ҷ˰Ҳûҿڣ˵

ⲻڣҲ˰ûҶͣҧһ䣬Ҷò˼˰ɡ޹ȥôģζ嵽ˡ

ҶǰסС˵һ䣬û飬ʲô

ͦ˵ģһ漸ֶٴĻҲʱȥˣһ飬ʲôû˵һ顣

Ҷʵ˵һ飬е㲻˼˵飬š

סˣһһķ̧־ͱסҶһɳϼ顱Ļ⡣̸ġҪ˵ϲʲôϲҶݶʵ棬һʵܰĻ

ѹҶʲôʱҲȥ֤ɣ֪ܰ졣

Ҷϣڰָͷ㣬׷ӣڳ翪Ǯ

ʵλûпһݶ񻹰ȳڳڵȻȱǮû߳ҶϲҶɵǺǵô׬Ǯ

αһӮʦ˵ҪӮٽӻֹѾͻЩҶڱܵĽӵ˺ܶ࣬Ҳϸ¡һסСҪ磬һȥɡҿ㣬ôҲһ˴ڼһƲˣҲˡ

˸Ц£ô᲻ң

ʵĴˣšû磬ҵȥûȤûٺʲôãøãƼ׬ǮңһϡеһûҪҲûˡ

磬ҡ

Ц߶һ䡰ȴĸķҲر˻ǣȥȱһũǸ˵˵ģϼңÿСء





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Ҷ˳֡ҲܾԿͬóҶԺ˯á

ҶǱ˷һЩǰôҲ˯ţԼ֡ıѡ˵ı׼䣬Ȼ̫Ҷһˣû۾ϰԵ§סôˣ

ҶģСҪô˯š

ЦһŻû˯ѵıڳ˯˰ɣ§˯Ͻ۾ûӮˣӮָÿˡ

Ҷԥһ£Ǵŵ˵һĻ˵ԼҲ˼ˣС죺һ㣬˾˯ˡ

ղǻû˯⣬۾ˣһŸоҶϹġ͵ߵ⣬вԵĵķѹסˣ˱۸

Ҷͦû촽㼱еѰȥǵϢˡ

Ϊ컹бҪսپϱҶ˫Ȳסź󰼽ȥصĥţٺõҲĥûˡô³Ҷڶ岻ǵôӡ

ҶŪûһս۵۾˯Сģһֻι˵è¶ġ

һڣ΢һ£ȥԱ߸ɾĴһ˯

˻Щʱ䣬ڸס죬Ȩˡٻȥʱ˲ٵزҿԼģҪȻˡ

Ҷڳϻһ绰ǳϴϱģڵ绰껹زŲ䲻ġ

Ҷ룬Ǹȥǻȥ

ϴϱһֱӹ˵绰

ϴϱ˵ͲˬšüͷʳҶǼô£һûϵűˣвذɣ

ҶæͣʵҲԣ֮ǰԴĸ̬Ҳá

⵹ͦʵģûҶƢæ׷ȥ

ʵʧǶʱ䷢飬ڵǴϴϱҹҶϴϱǴѵõĴЩҶһ߿࣬ȥ޷˵ԼϣҶܰһѡ

ǸúӣǱƭˣǵȥɽҰѾơԭ˵нʮأɸôͷ˺üǮϴϱ̫Ը˵ԼܴڵĸҶ͡Ҷɾôһ磬ðȰȰһѡҶ˵ҶЩÿλϼҶͦɣӦҲ

ƫƫʱȫޣҶһĹϣĲɡ˵꣬Ҳʵʵ˵ˣĸûǸȰס

ϴϱѵҶͷǳ¶û뵽ôɴıؾˣϹȥͻؼȥˡԺҲûҶϵ

һͦ񫣬ô˵ˣⶼǹߵóë㵱Ǽģ

ҶЦЦϾǳ̵ķһŻһΣǴƽʱտš

һ䣬ûٶ˵ǣ𲻸㿪ڣȻֱֹҲǳϴȻտš

صũʱɫѾˣ¸ϲҲǰû绰СſڵʱƼŵơһͣԺСĽž˳ˡ

ҾͲƣ˵˰ɣӵɤɺЦǺǵûԺӶ

Ҷæ³һһȽŲ̫ãϥһֱۡһ߷һЦϥǺõδȵҩԺõĻȥŪ㡣

ɫܺãӻãȺõķ˶ǳԡֺСȥҾ߳ˣ˵ӦһڼƵûţǳԷĹ򣬲Ȥ¶˵һ顣ڼ仹֪ͨһϢǸС볿Ҫˡ

Ҷе㾪ȣ볿Ҫ鰡˭

ӲҶĴˣЦ˭£

ҲЦˣӾ壡ҲǴСһ𳤴ģӴôһֱأ⽫һܺãû׼ܱϴСӣ˵һᣬҲ߶ϣҲϴСˣ˼볿һĶˡ

˳Ҷ֪һе죬ҧ˭

ѹһ䣬֡ǼСֵ֡ĺ֪ˡ

߶죬ҲûɶӦરળԷԵĿ

ֺСҲͦˣСʰ˷ס£ֵӲ̫㣬Լ£ӲֳǱˡ

磬ס¶ã˶ְСе㱧ԹˣϱⱲӿܶСͳҶ͸ƼԼĺһ

ЦЦ˸ɵ˾۾۰ɣϷҵĶӹ겻ǽ𣬹ƶȾأϹͷͱ²

볿Ļ¶ʮţ֪һˣһҪȥμĻ񡣷볿ƼҶʱѵûЦҲûǰƵıڻԴߵʱ𵥶һᡣ

ҴǶʳˣͳҶ¶볿Ĭһᣬӣ֪˼أû뵽ô磬˵òһͰѳҶ嵽˰ɣ

˵һ仹ô볿ͣŵڶһ˵ˡ˷볿һ£һҲںǰ԰ԼҸü۽Ƕǵ⣬ʲôк嵽֣СҶҵģһ˼Ҷ̾ԼұȲˣǳҶĸԸĸҵģ

ޣ岻ҲĸԸҰ߯ˣô԰ڵġ볿ֵܽ飬֪ʱȷʵеŤҲ뿪ˣôҲҪֵܲǣô԰ڣ볿ѵһ£תߡ߻죬ҶǰҲҸ簡ôһ¾ͳҵˣɣҵûȥһڣȻҲġ

һӣŷ볿ӰϻЦٲҪҲеߵģ㶮ߣȾȥͣ

ǵõġ볿ּۻۡ

һԼǮ˱ҲûԣԷ볿һ㶼

ޣ

볿鵱죬볿û뵽ǻëҲˣԼë׳档Ȼְˣǻëϴ˵ֵҪ飬ԶĶæ

ֻǻëؿζһû䣬ȾëͷͺưϻŴֽˣװҲֻܸעĿǻëһҪЦҪֳǵ

ˣʮɫγͣڻſڣŴһһĺСͷĿһһˡЩĽַھӻ׼ȥæһſھͱסˣð춼û̧

ⱲӶûô˹ȥһһ˶ߣëƤߣҪһȥǶе飬㣬ϵīժˣĳŴīⲻв

ëժīǰ¶ЦǺǵĸȥҸͳԱߵĳҶһֺãҶ㿴֮ǰҲ˶㣬ѧģŪɫǲǸ񡭡ôô

ҶѧˣǶЦŸëͷأɫĲͦϲġ

ëٺɵ֣ȵϲ»ĸҶۡɫǴǵĺÿ̸ϣʱʱһȥôһŪ𶼲øˡ

ϲܿ쿪ʼˡ볿һ˧װϳӵʽ磬վһĺ죬̵̣ޡ

볿ũͦԵļˣϴһҲˡԼϱһԷƤ˵ԼһģҲû÷Ǯ˼Ҽ˵Ҳʶû˼˵ʲôҲͷȥˡ

볿ɣ길ĸʹĸĿں˰裬Ҳɬĺ˰裬̵ʵģպú̱һ鳤СŷݽĿ

볿屻ѹſƻ˺ϳһƻ꣬ǼСַһһǡƤȥƵ·ˣֻ·볿һ˵ֵ볿ֵסȺƻģû׳

ûȥֻ֣ʱȥ˷볿һݶͦСһӣװǰԿסǶֵˣȻǰҲûôϵǴСһ𳤴ǾԲǵġҶҲ˷볿һͬһСӣװԼһ壬ָ顣

볿뵽ôݴҲû򿪿Цľ͸ˡףúϵʱ򣬷볿ʹ˸ۣȥӲǱ˳ҶһѣСҶ᲻㰡ˣҲһǵĴǰҪһȥˣ⻹Ҫ׳Ҷ̱һ߿ˣ漸СӶЦ

ǳԾϯϤ˿ʼϾƣҲμӻĵɺӳơ

ֵǻֹ죬ſһСԼӣ㿴˰ⲻռǼҳҶô

һھƲûһ߿һߵͷЦҡ֪ˡȣҶ˿ëƼҶ̲סָղǾ仰ЦһŪøëĳҶã

ھϯϲƼǱһӶͷҲչȥ̾ͱ̼κסˡ

Ҫʲô˶ȥͽᣬʱڵģ̼οһϣ󲿷ֶǲʶˣ߻һװĻëһͲǺˡһˣǼڻСһ𣬹ƽҲô̼üٴζҲʲô˶쵽Լ¶Ҳÿζ˭ںǡ

Ųڶû˳̼κЩǮҲƲƲ첻˵ˡ
ϴϱǳܣҳһֻͷЩԡϴŶӺͶϱҲ̾˿ʵڶԳʧˡ

ܴܵ񫣬ʵȰˣϴֻøϽȢϱ˩סġû뵽ǣֵ˳ͦԺͳһóֲԡϱȶӻźһ쵽ǵǮǵĶֵֹܴȰ۹ųԶһЩͶЩǮǮͶȥ˸⣬ͣˡ

ϴһҳԹϲ磬ؼȥˣǼҽҪٿһͥᡣ

ϴϱСʳ̼ΣҪҪҲϳҶ

̼αʶȤĶ࣬Ц裬㻹óҶǼҶ׽ôôЩ꣬ĴηڵĲҰǸҲǸͨݣǶҡء

μͥպ⣬ǰ͵͵ȥعĵġѾơȥˣЩȥǧǮ˾ͻˡԼǴǱߵҲûˮ̣Ҳû

ɳ֮ǰǷµծû壬󲿷ֶǽѵģϴһµȫǷ˸⡣

ڵݽ𣬴󲿷ֶóȥծˣһСĻóԷ£ʵѡϴϱ̾˿ŮС˵Ŀǰļ֧̼ͥ̽ΰæܵܣһҲͦס

裬ǻǷǮأǮʲôʱܻҴô̼Ҳ֮ǰѾˣ˵ôѲٽô

ϴϱŵŵ˵ˣԼɷ˵

ϴȷʵǹȥˣֻӲͷƤ˿ڣ̼Σȷʵѣܵһûһָݽ𲻹Է

̼λǸĹֻŵĸѣʱ˵ˣӦõģûȥҵܵܣû˵аǰһֱ˵ŮóȥˮôҸǮҪøҵܵãҾͳ˵ǰͷһǮøˣҲٶ裬߶ϳТ񵹺ã޳ȥŮڹô

仰˵ĳϴܣ̼ҲòܣǱŵһϴŮǳϴϱû۶ӣѳ̼εĳɼܻܵһ£õܵȥϴѧ̼Щÿ뵽﷭ܡ

һǮ˵ôЩĻҲЩ˵ȥˡĸŮףŮҪǮȻȵŮĸʱ򣬸ĸҪǮҪԥ첻˼ڡ̼ҲԼ˵Ĺˣᣬݲ˻β뿪ˡ

̼˵ⷬƺóСЩ˼ɣʮʱû׳԰׺ȣȰԼꡣ

ϴ󵽵׻ˣڻϲϲʰȫװֳȥ˶Ӽҡû뵽ϱ绹ЦӭΪһС¾ͷˣǳ

ϴڱϱ˸ѪͷһҲ鲻סˣҪʰȥֳ类˸ɾϴϱһˡ

ʮðѩصԼңϴϱһ·ű˼ҷűڵ̲סصĿˡϴȰο䣬ԼҲᡣ

ȵ˼ſڵʱڻǶŶӵġϴðźȥţûŵͱʲôһӣæϰֵͲһ¡

ſڷŵ棬һЩˮ߲ˣһֻζʮĴȡŻϰŵĺߣרŴõѬģ׷ѳֻȡ

˭ģϴϱǰĶЩʵòǳֻ̼˰ɣ

ϴҡҡͷһ¸·棬źĻѩΨһµĺۼȥ̥ۼӣ뿪ܾˡϴ۾ЩʪȴҲ֪˵ʲô̾һǻؼҰɡԺ󰡣Լĺá

ϴϱӦˣĨĨͷ̧ȥô껹ܹȥġҲ³˭ˣˣҲֻǸӡǺӲãϾ׸һǮҲ۵Ҫţһ̼δ˵·һ˵гҲÿǺð졭룬ˡ

ҶǸ֪ͼĺúӡϴϱ˳ӣ˵һ

лҪ˵һС䣺ȻлЩˡҲϣܱЩůůж^_^

С糡֮°ƪ

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Ҷ֪ϴ·ʱðкö·ϴ^^~Ǽ̺ңʲôģ
ŶǼҵļ̺ңˣ͸滻ġ
Ҷˣʲôʱ򻵵İ
𣨿Ҷջġˣǿȥ˯ʵϲ§˯
Ҷޣڻǰ찡



135ľҾ 
 
ëһȺ׷ũطƫƧð춼ûҵŵĵط쵽һдסȥˣдϰŵöûշѵ¶

𰲶ٺǣҲˣûǸظҰɡ

ëǵȻϣһһĽĲ㴫¥ȥǣҶ¥³أһ˻ȥٸְ

磬һDеķֹ˾Ҳɢˣֵûȥëƣϣͬ

ûطȥˣ£ͳֻʼ绰롣ҰǱߣǶǰʱ仹ȱˡ

ëæ磬Ҿʵ˵˰ɣǻɣֵ¶

ˣջֻ˾䣬ߴߵǶ̵ˣˣȥɣԺҲСòôˣ

ʲôǲǻݰʹҰɣտɺˣëߣȰ𡣡Ǽӣϴ룬ǰѺ֣

Щȥӣп˸Է𣿡

ôûˣʡǸСڳ챬ĽɽͷġǼСǰԤأëﻹͦ⣬˵ı¿ɶǴѧģȥ˭һƸͲ˭Ρ

𵽵ǴˣҲˣѾЩ¶ˣԺƽƽӣǸҲûá

ëԥһ£ˣʵҲ̫ͦƽӣϻȳǼŪģ㲻֪ʱץߣԼءû뵽һ򿪾Ƽˡǰһ硯߯ˣ֪ǱǵġëһۣеίǶңһ֪ġһɣҲչңûЩ˸Ųͽȥģ翪СʡġǸ㿪ݳ𣿡

ݾʡˣͳžһϻԴͷЩˡëȻȥɣϢһʱ䡣ҲҸǰװˣҪԺ濪˾ʲôģʱٺǰɡ

ëϽӦһãҲŶˣ磬ҵǸˣǳǾǮˣ׷˺ü׷ëһڣȻ֪ﲻģΪʱ̾ǮʵǴɻ䡣˸֤Ǳѧأҵʱŵֱ¡

˰飬ҲЩصﵱơҺûƳҲҺȳ˻Щԭ򣬲ȻҪҶôҲͦΡë˵ҲûôץֻҪʵһ㣬İôžôŰɣ

ëͷӾˣԸ˺һףǺãÿֵǳǰҲкЩƬҹܻأֻҪ͸ȥ˵飬ëȳȻȷʵô׬Ǯֶοһһĸ磬˵ȳӵһ·Ͼ׬һٶô¶𣿡

˵ͷɷϣȳȷʵǸҲѹֻôĹĸ

ëզ࣬Թԣѹ˾ӻǺóԺúȹӦߣסӻ䱣ڡ

̰ˣЦСϢôͨ¶Ҳ֪ô

ëͦ⣬ǣҲѶ㣬ûɶŵ㡣һתĿȥҪǿ˾ԶҪҰ

ڵûƢˣͷ˵áһᣬִǮͳЩǮëԼȥЩزëûҪ룬ͳߵʱд̨ǱˡЩȻͦˣʵͦѣԶΪϹһˣҪЩ⡣

ǻֳǱߵС¥ⷿӱõĺܲһɫĺľҾӺݻ󣬾ǱĴžͦӲҲһ¥ֱͣӻԭڶ¥ǸС䡣

ĺľ󴲺ܽʵ౻죬Ѽ޵ĴͷǵĲСߵů̫ãԡҲͦųҶһٳ裬˱ѡ

ﻹһ̨ӻǰŵλҲ࣬§ųҶڱ￴ӣſźȻЦˡ

Ҷе֣ǿ硷أʲôЦİ磬ôˣ

ûǰˡӺ汧סҶԴϻЦҼǵǰ㻹̫µʱдҼңһλƬ

ҶڵľͺˣҲˣǴοǵʿץҲƳһۣȻ̱ס۾ܣϵȶȺ޲ôǳҶôʱǲ̫ʵСֵشŸк

ǿ̼İɣåˣһҧҶ䣬һ̽Ҷ˯ҲˣǺǡ

ʿܣҶͷҧһڣСͷ¡

°ͣͷ˸ʵĻشǸʿܡѧŵ㣬ſЩ

ҶϹȻ΢ſһ㣬ѹϵ˵ôߣ۸øˡƽʱŵƣóҶһءҶ治̫ϰߣû£ͱӿٶȣһ

۸һᣬֻ˲ԵƣóҶԼһ¶ĥҶĵطѳҶҲ

ҶʱҲֻẰ֣ǻصСʱĵطһ硣

仰ûһ飬ſڳҶй˳ҶǱͻҺ̵һҲƲסķ𲻷ţðŻ

ϢһᣬȾˣֲųҶ硱

Ҷҡͷϣʩԡҷޱýģûֿ

ҶϱڵҪڶȻҪ۵ʱ򣬳ҶſؿǳǳغţͷɢڶǰƵġ

ҲڴûѳҶϵıӹˣԼ¶źֱ̫ۡˣҶͷһذϿгݮӡͷԼ¶Ǽˡ

ŵģС˵ϻһȥԷ

˵¥ݵƤЬС峣˫ƤӲһ

ſ΢֨ѽһû

۾˰죬̲ס۵ʱ˵¥֮ǰᡣûһᣬڴͷֻˣһĴƵļȻСģι

̸СɲСˣ޲ðѡ

ҶҲСĴɤųˣз۾ȥ𣬡磿

û£Сҳȥ¡һ£˼˯Լ·ȥˡ

СսʱȷʵһһܾţȻ˳ȥˡСѹû뵽ǺˣԺǣˣ˳Ҷ۸ˣ

С㱧˳ҶԳҶĸһ㶼СܾóҶôʵֻԼСӰ˳Ҷʲôˣ¥֮̾Ͱ˳

С˰ŵȵǻСӴ߰㣬ŹǷһϡûɺ¶

㣬ǲǣǲǡ

ʲôװͿСѪѹߵģҲ̫̽ȥŶ˵Ҷ͸ƼĲɡ

СŬѹŭһƼǳ·ﱻץӵĺۼϻˡСӣҲĳ׼ô찡Ҷ㶼۸㡢ֱǡ

ͷѵСˣֿʼ죬ô찡˯˯ˣҾȢ¡

СòҪҹԺҲûʵģָ죬㣬㡭ǹܲˣȥ

ŲСȥأϣվ˵˵СƢ𱬣ҪǸίܳɣοŪôһ°̾תط¥Сұӻһģ˯˲ˡ

Ҷ±ӣֿʼҶ绰ð춼ûͨеˣҶĶȥˣ

Ҷȥˡ֮󣬳ҶҲŴ·𴲣ſھСڽѵ𣬳ҶѹԼھΡ

ʵ̰ͰͶȥȫ˵ˡԼСʱʼǮβΣһץɰҩٵȥ˱ʣƴĲסԼ֪һһ㶼ӣһʱ̫̲סҲԼˡ

̲ˣСùõֲʺӳ˳Ҷ˵Ļˡ

Ըһ飬Ժúչ硭ҶͷվӸǰ˴ĺƵģֿί

ûһ¶Ҷ˵ҲеɵˡǸ˼ң˵ĻϰˣҲֻҶԴοһ¡ȥСǺúӣôƫƫ͡

ҵСʱСǽǳ̣ӴչȥѳҶ¶ί˵һ顣Ǻ۳ҶģڼΪ˵˲ٺûĩ˶ʵҵģ㿴¶ôҪҪȥ˵˵

ȥˣҸմӴǻ˵ϲͳɣһ顣С̳øˣһơˣ綼ӦˣҲˡ

ӻеûӦôһˣ

ô찡𶼰˳Ҷ۸ˣӲ𿪰СҲŵ˼ֱӸ˵ˡ

ЩζˣǼ˳ҶϳƱˣһ´Ӧһ𣬿˼ҳҶǱأҶûдˣݻôп˵ͨⲻڳ˼Ҽû˵ʱͰ˺ӹյԼ

е㲻ˣóҶſ˼ҺӴСûиĸҲˣǾóҶⲻǰ۸Ҷû˻ô

ȥǷֿɣߣСŤͷȥ̡

˭˵ҪǷֿˣŶҶô˵ųҶ

ﲻҲ˵ˡ

ҲɳɳɣȥҸĸɣһأ

ˣֻСһ˶ǽǵŸƨɣСýίˣԼϱǺһ١˸̣ǽǳ飬ǵƮɢȥ֮ѾʼĥŸͳҶЩ¼Ҿ߹ȥȢϱøǷӣͰֳϷӸһɡ

һк¶᲻ֹϷҵСȢϱǼҲиˣ

Сվһɹ̫һƵҾ߳ߡļҾǵԧأءһⰡ

ºյСõļҾߣͼѡ˼ϲһ׺ʵ档ͷʵڣŵһԶԵĻҲЩŴִһƾӵֱʡ

𿴼Щ⣬̾ˣҳҶǺ

Ҷ֪ԼˣΣкһӣ֡С塢ټңã

߹ȥⱿһڣЦⱾһ˴İԺһҶһԷ

Ҷ۾Žżһڣһ飡
 


136ΨһеĻ 

ΨһµģǳҶСùáӯ

һֱûȥӯ˵ͳҶ¶ͦӯ˵δҵδɣʱȷֿɡĻȵҶҵĹ˾ҲŪĲʱȥųҶȥӯҡ

ӯӶʦסǸСﹲֻ֣֮յСҲѾˣĬдʡСƼҶ۾̺磬ء

ӯĽ̵С椣椣ȿһᣬȥ˵Ҫǿ͹д𣿡

С椲ˣֱ˲ᣬȸдɡˣƬˡ

ҶδҲȽʽ֮ǰȥѧУ̵ͷˣСװϻͦÿ˶͸һ¡ԭƳҶӯһʶֱֱӡ

Ҷҵôˣϴ˵ҪУνţˣӯҶһǹС

ѧУͦȱרҵʦֵ˺ЩԾʹӦˡҶӯ𾴣УνҲӯģСùĽ飬Ҷ濼ǡллСá

ӯҲͦˣЦ۽ǵϸƶ֣лʲôѽⶼŬ֮ӦõġĺܺãôȶҲͷˡĵطӯǾѧУĹȽʺϳҶ

ӯҶѧУ͹ʱɱ˶ȵӯʼҶ˽¶ûŮѵʱ򡭡еסˡ

ҡտڣɤӾе㷢

ӯ̧ͷţ

ңҸ椴ЩﵽߵĻʻضǰçײСӣ˵ĻҲԽСһ͹ȥɡ

ӯƼһӶе㾪ȵôô̫ࣿƷˡ

æ˵ûУʽݷãֻһֺӯȫҵĴ㣬ҪǳҶţǹⶫҪϰ복ᡣԼͦûϢģҶһԽãԽǾһʧȥķˡ

ӯҲƳе㲻Ծˣû˵ô໰ôһ˳ӵӣŻ治̫ϰߡ

СҵҲˣСһָǲ¶裿װͰ͵Ĵɴûжô׽жԶԶģ˵С

һôֱӵĵҲе㷢ֿ̣ʼˡ

ҶϲСסشС椣裬Ǵ¶ӦءҶվֱ˵ӯСãЩ뵥˵

ӯӦˣųҶȥġҶһߣҲҪŹȥûأͱС椳ס°ڡСŵ㽿˵ˣҪ赥˵Ŷ͵ã費ϲ㣬Ҳ᲻ϲ㡣

˿Ǳߣ椲ߣĲɵġ

Ҷӯ˵ĺƽʦ˵Ͽɣͥ˵˫ůóҶҵšԼļңҪΪԼļңһף

ӯֻ֮Ǻ侲ǵĸҶ̸δܻᷢ⣬ѧѧЩҲһ㡣ӯĵĲǳҶѡȽϵĵǳҶԼԼǸСҵĽ滮֪·ߣóҶеļѡ

翪˹˾Ŀǰ𲽽׶ΣЧ滹á̿ʼƽʱȥʦĹҴ򹤡Ŀǰ׼ӣѡַҶ˵ĺ棬ӯʲôʲô

ӯ֪ҶֺˣԽ滮ҲȽҲûٶ˵ʲôˡҶǶ֪ΡʶϣԼѡ·ԺҲһҪڡ

ҶͷӦһǶЦ֪ˣллСã

ӯӵһ£ĺ󱳣ҲЦˣɵӣлʲô룬ǵҶ߶һ䣬ԺҪ۸ˣʹ绰ҡĵм

Ҷ˵ͷ۾Ҳ֪ˡ

ӯͳҶʱС椸޴ЬӣƼǳվˡλȷʵǽţҶգ۴򰵺ŶûӯҲôؿӯСá

ӯһӦˣ

ӦһҲеˣһ̸֮ӯǰæһһСõĽСƤ⼸ѾĥмСʲôȥĹǶأһ¾ʦʦʦĺҲϰ

ΪҶǰʡǵȡҲû³ԷӯҪúչԼڵĳ֪𣿡

һͷǸӸߵλһ㶼󣬻ҶشˣС÷İɣǹ

ӯֱЦջǴӦˣ档1lՓi

Ǳڹ滮֣̽е·治̫ƽʩϰſȥųҶȡϻ˶˷

ӯһֱţԵñ˳Ա߳ҶСӣҲ๾ֱأ

⸽ˣĶȥһɫ̾˿طҲûССǱ̫ˣǹȥһ£͸롭ҪȻǻȥǱ߳ԡ

ҶҲĴܿƼԶһ׻ɫĿӣһ˶M־

磬ҪͰɣҶˣ࣬ҲеСûԱƼƽʱԿͣӽеĸ

ѵóҶҪʲô̾ʹӦˣɣ͹ȥ

СѧӶ࣬ҲͺϲĶҶҪײͣһھҧȥһ߽һ߱Թⶫôôѳ԰̵̲ģҲмܳԡ

ô㶫ҶҲԲ˰ȳţȥбûУһ¡

ĿڸҲ֣һûȤˣΪǴءŪĶʵûʲôȤˣɴһµ

ſװ˷壬һžͶ죬Ҳûʲô˿ͣſڷһʶĿһۡ

Žһλ긾Ůϵ·أŵҲþ˵ģȻ࣬һ۾ƳӹԼһЩﻹһСŮСɰҪԾްԡ

У˵˵ģҪһ㣬𣿡Ů˵ͷСŮ˵Ӳܿ۽ǵơ

ˣ۽ǶͷƣһȥƵѡû̷ûƤݣûµױݣ˼ֱҪĸȫɲͬˡ

СŮǺܿˣðɡ

ƼǸŮ˿ʼֻͣһЦ㺺мǣǼֱͦġ

ȻؿһƣӶͳһϣǺüζܵŻ𡣷߹Ҫڹ̣ǵǽ

žһѴϣʵصĴ̷ܴ˶һ߿

Ǹ㺺ŮҲ̧ͷ߿һֻۣһۣ;ȵĳ죬ĬĬ֡



﷭ͷŮҹ֣ôͻᳰĿ˵䣻ֻŮǰ˵Ļѻ˵Щףôͺݺݵķڿǽ˵ˣȻôʹ㷢

ǵ߹ʱſڣȷʵ콲һ֡

СŮ߹棬кþò

ǰ겻ˣİˡȻҲƼߵǸСŮǳ˸ЦЩôŶ뿪˶꣬԰ɣʵܼ򵥣㣬ֻҪߵСŮж󲻾֪ˡ

Ů˿ʼִٲ΢΢ЩĿȴûԼǸνңҶԲ㣬Բǡ

СŮ֪ʲô飬ʵʵץԼ㺺ҧһСţȥˡ

ᣬһԼ飬ʳԼζ֪⣬ΪʲôңʵʱԼûзЩˡ

Ů˻ڵǸƺ͵Ǹ֪ȥ˵һȥûп㡭ǺܶԲǸʱʵǲټˡԲ𡭡

֪Ů˻ҹֻһΣûġֱ̫ЦˣСϵϣôҲŬƽ֮˿ڣ֪֪ҰָһǮһֱΪ

Ů˺ܽţ֣ҲҪǮҪġ

۾ʱͺˣ̲סͺ˳費ҪҪ⣡ֹ֣ҲһֱôΪΪ᲻һеĻΪƮҡļҡһ˰𣡣

͸Ҫůʱ̣ǣڱĵطµʶµνġˡٴγΪһĸסǸСŮǴ۵Ĵڣ۵ۿۣҪʲôƵġ
ÿֻҪһ뵽ӣܻǶڰ¡ļңǱĸĹȥĸףǱĸ׷ϵĸ飻Ҳĸ׶ҪʧƷɣҪȻΪʲôҪѡһֿʼѡӵһȫȥĺأ

СŮŵˣĺ˵ϣҲȥ䣬µȥ

Ҷһ̶ʱ򣬿ľĳ档ȻշƢǰӶˣһĸŮѾˣСҲŵһҪ޳ģСŮģʵϤóҶ˹ȥõһٿ̬ȣҶҲˡ

Ҷ£СŮи˵ĺʹԼʳһһɡ

СŮ˿裬ڻ˵ֻ΢΢ҡҡͷ

ôƲ𣿡ԼҲһ˸ЦЦһ˿Ҳû۾ȥǣһֱǵǮ࣬Ǯ࣬Ҳɣ

ŮЩӲΣǽӹҶĺСŮҶллл㡣

̣ÿҶһţ̷СŮǰº͵Сĺȣе̡

Ů̧ͷ˳ҶһۣƺŬϳҶֻǵǸΪںĺӣͱģ

˵ڴڵĳץʳ

Ҷæѹ֭ܲãƸ𣬡磬㡭

Ůƺˣ̡Ҷ

Ҷ˵ͷ̬Ȼº͵ģҲһ˿롣ˣҲΪ̫Ҫﱳ˿ڵҲϡ

Ҷ°ͣԼʣµĹ֭ݸҲ

Ҷһۣ΢ԥǵŮ˵һڿڽ֭ȹ⡣

Ĵָ˲ҶǣմĴָϵĹ֭ģѳˡ

Ů˹Ȼ￴ֿҶ˵ʲôԥšƶιҶĶӣ۾Ĺâȥվûٿڡ

ŵСŮ۾ֿǸСҧĺţ̡СֻǵԼ㺺ѵóԵľްԡ

һֱԵǶĸŮ뿪һߣ̳ϴּ۵һθĶ˸ɾԼûôĹֻϵ϶䡣

ˡҽ˵΢ðϳ˹ĶʱҺϢûˡǵ㷢ڲϵ̣ʶ߬ȭͷڸʲôһҺ붼üΣŪѪֱϸ׵ϴһİ

Ҷһҹδ˯ŻʿעҩƵҲۡʿ룬ֶֻһƬû취֮ҲֻܸͷҺ

Ҷһ֣Сĸůţȵʱ򣬲ſڴ΢һᡣ15Փ2

𵽵׻ᣬ˯һͲˡҶԴһתѣȻƼ˫ͻᷢ۾

磬ˣĶȥҽһ°

ߣչȥĲ˲˫Сĺסˣһ㳢ζҶ㲻뿪ҵģ԰ɣ

϶ϲߡ

ǳһЦŲĨ԰ףƽʱƼֱסҶǱסԼеĶһ


 
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 ŤͷȥС죬һصĿߵ㲻ҵթղɻأһͱˡ
 Сˣæֵûûͬ־ûϵڲأɸϰû顣
 Ա߰СΧҾбҪֵ̽ͣҵġ
 Сűʹͷ˵ˣһְԼȥǷ¶ҲһˣŸӲӣһҲһ׮
 鴦ϣѧҲûȥҶִǻѧУδ粽룬ڳҶѧͻȥߵʱλжɵ黹кҲˣа칫ˣ˵Ҳǧ˿Ƶϵ
 ϴΰ׾ֻΪ˰˲ٵĹסɸһ£ԱߵĳҶҲ˿ڡѧУҲ鷳ʦչˡ
 Ҷ̫ǻҲʵʵ˵ˣûûҲǶǰʦʦ˲٣εġ
 һˣһƯһЦʹ˼ֽʦţɸ˭ô˵˾ϰˡ˵ӣһǸʦáͿΡ˰ɣĩԸǴߵ¡
 ҶЦЦȻĵͷš
 ųҶȥ԰һΣƫƫ鲻Ըտʼ߳Ҷֻˡ
 绰ǺԶ̲סƲƲǡ
 ǸҪȥԣ֮ǰıɼˣҹȥ콱
 ţҶȥ콱¶֪ģȫͬءСҲ߯ˣƽʱΪϵ¶绰ҲˣھȻԼϢˣ۾ȥ˰ûƼҪ˽˿ռô
 Ȼ˵˰ףصĻŹ˵绰һɧֲøҶ˵Ż𿪳Ҷ߹˵绰ֻҲˣһ̽ˣιëǸ˵°ʱ̸£˭Ϣ˽ܻһ𣬹¶æܴ𡭡
 Ҷͷ
 һûë˵ˣʲô£
 ëǱ߱ѵһѪð˵˵ӻˣܻߵͷDߵļϼһﶼûҲڲҪҪ˶
 ãǰ˿ɲ٣ֲǳ֡˼ɳҶڣӦ˻ë͹ˣ¶̫ңóҶ֪Щ
 ĸģ֮ǰ𣿡ҶɫãŸ죬һ仰ʹ˵һ
 պҶϲǻл˵ʱζʮ㡣
 ɫеˣɫĳƲ̫Զ˸ֵĺƵǻܿΧеż˵ģ³µķһİȡ
 üͷҲšˣԭţóҶƼµһŻɵΡأںˣ춼ˣʲôҲˡ
 ķңԱߵ˵Сźʱչ˾һڡ
 ڴϵͬ࣬һžͲ÷ſͷȥһڣҲֻһھͱ㿪ˡ
 ʻϵͷˣ´Ҳѹؼңڼд̰룬ЦˣʵëҲͦ´ֱӸҰɣˡ
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 ǸˣҲϱƼҶǰ첻ϳҲģҲˡ
 ҶôˣȥƿӾȥ˼ҵĴȣһߵͷϸˣһ߻߶ܰɣͷһأûѪ
 µ˱۸ļˣݺݵĸһצӣСɳƵĲ㡭쵰أ
 Ӽ˻ҧأοǳҶϼѪӡӣĬĬﰲοԼȥ˾ʱ򣬾͸߻ëǳҶڼֻèˡ
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