²ҡߣȶ
İ
ׯһӰòѣ书ߣǿΨһȱǣӰٶ۵ľͷôҲò
ׯ̽Ӱʾ
¾ԲׯҶׯв֮£
ֱĳ죬Ӱס
һºڷߵϣɽ־ׯһ麰Ӱı֣ӰԽԼΣׯ͵ظˡ
ˣӰһ߹ףһׯŵһḺ𵽵ס
ׯܣãϲˡ
ӰҸԸ
ţһ죬ӰͻȻׯԼ˵ӽֻϲһˡ
ӰﲻԾ
cpĬȮӰVS߰ׯ
ǩ˫ మɱ ǿǿ  Ű HE 
ǣһϷԨ
ǣε衢
һһ


1 
һƲɱǵķ϶ڰ߸ߵĿУѶԽɢԽԶס˱͵Ѫζ
裬Ϊɽׯׯûشǰһ
ľƵ˫Ҿ°ɫһƬͷʱס˴ټһǹһϵλõüǶɫס˵̫ٲ߸ʹ޷һĽ֮⡣
ϷԨؽ豭ߣ˴ĸҶһڣŵǿΪɽׯҵӰˣɰݷɵĹأ֪ĻΪǳ·ꡣ
̽ͣµӲأʶ˲壬ׯҪ⣬Իѵ
ϷԨƳһ裬漴ĵؿв豭ϵĵƣһԣҲ˵Լ鲻⡣
˻ȥڰϣûȵԷĻظΣԹԵ˵:³İݷׯɽˮһ󣬻ׯܹӦʡ
ϷԨ̧ƤĳϣΪҪߣβĿʾˣ
ϵɫסϰ֮ɼ˿Ϸ죬ֻ촽ϣ費˼ش𸴣òŵׯų²ߣڣݡ
ϷԨˡ
ϷԨСĽѪѪζǿ϶ĻȴϷԨ˵һɳŪζ
˿Ҳ˲ô࣬ׯɽͳһڡ
ǰڲìܼңһΪֱȨɣɺͿɣšҥ˭ҲƲ˭ԸԼƽƽ˶һͳţΪڵ֮ϡ
ξãһӦأϷԨֶɲյУŲ豭һڣڲһ֮ԵΪҪðűƵķհ㣿
ϷԨ꣬ȴ蹴ЦˣɫҪѰ˰һЩʤѩƵĺ촽ӕiôҲ˵ġò󡱡
ϷԨĵԷбȻ
ֻ֪Ϊɽׯׯûȴ֪Ϊɽׯһ壬˺ᡣͣһ£ΪľǽϷԨĴ㵿˺ᣬռԤ֪Ȼ
㱣ܣһͳڣ㡣
Ϊλ֪
ϷԨɫ΢䣬Ѿյԭλľײ죬ϷԨ˲軰еǱ̨ʡ
Ȼ˵ƾǼȻΪ˴˵޵еġԪ¶ޣɽҲҪõԼ˿ֱ˵ؾܾ綼֪ΪɽׯܹԤ֪Ȼɽæĺвɽæ˽ΪɽׯӴ˲ð
ֻûԼֱڴ˵ɱҲ󻼣
ϷԨߵµ飬ֻɵ˿Ըо˳־ڱصõ̬
Ӧк֡
ϷԨһ
ȻԴӳ飬ֻɽҰ봫Ϊ䣬ż׶ʧΪ˲ׯıׯɽͳһŵͼָŵͼϵĳһպһ˽ׯΪׯźС
֮ǰƿҩ˵Ǹ˵λӰ
ϷԨӹǲ½ׯ֮߳ϷԨҩһķ̴ľϻϷԨǲ˸Ĳ裬ϷԨ⣬δһڣֻǶ˵˸ӡ
ǸصģϹòҶ
ķ΢ϷԨ䣬ƿ֮ǰһڣⲽȥһ½š
ȥ½֮ϷԨ˫ŵ¥ɴ㣬Ƭ̣Ѿ˾ϷԨ̨֮ͤϣһϷԨǰ
½ţѾΪɽׯ
ϷԨͷüʵһģ˵Ŀأ
½ŹشׯһѾصԷڸҽΡơ²֪飬ʲԡ
ϼӰ⼸غΪɽׯڣһз紵ݶһ㱨ϷԨδ䣬Ѿ߳½ż֮Զȥһ


2 
ΪɽׯϷԨֱӽӴֻʮλӰ
ϷԨһ㶼ֱӻǵټׯ½֮ͽζʵľԸߵ̴ͣʮλӰиǿϷԨҲֵܷô
ϷԨȫǽˣΪϷԨѧ½ŷ߱ڵĹֻӭ缲ߣǺһڵ磬Ƭ̺ͣ˻һԷǰ
֪ϷԨת񣬡ׯ
ںľϵĻһ״ҲҪϷԨһֹˡ
ϷԨʣεһˣ
ߣׯ˿еѾɾˣ˿ҲѾϡֻҩֹѪͰˡ
½ϷԨǿΪׯʱϷԨ˼䵱ʱ֪һźΪׯڴ֮ʱȻû浶ʵǹĹ򣬵ǲơ
һȻ书ǿȴѲڣ͵ϮɹƷڴأϷԨûۼֻ½żԵǾؿһʹ·ͬܡ
ʣµɡϷԨԸߣȥһһЩڷҩ
ǣׯ
ΪׯߵҽǾͨϷԨҲϷԨѧһӣ䲻˵ҲѧСɡ
ٸһЩȻȻӦһעȻȥ
ߵĹ伣һл󣬡¶лׯҩ
ϷԨӣֿʼܳһ⣬һׯ֮ԸбϷͳȫ֣֮ı׶Ҳеģǰ̫ں𱰣Ե֡
ӹϷԨϡ
һէȻׯԼ֣һʱֲ֪˵ʲô
ϷԨͷߵҩ﷭ҽҩҼǵ˵ֻҶ˵ʱֱҵ֡
ϷԨõϵҩۣѲֶˣ
²ңׯġһϿҡ
һ
һʧһ̧ͷϷԨĿƵضԼһæͷȥԼֱɫ񣬽Ͱ͵ػӦϡԨ
ϷԨ˿ѾߵһǰһţϷԨվϷԨһ沿ֻܿͷķڣҸҩ
ϷԨͷҪȥһ·ǰ󣬼˿Ӽͷ¡
һ΢һ̧ǰ˽ë϶Ҫǻԭ֮𣬻һһ֪ô˵ׯȴòԼ򲻿зǷ֮룬ׯ׼нׯ˿ׯֺۡ
һһ䶼ϷԨĵϣϷԨһȷԷѾ޻ˣŵҪ˵𣿡
²
ôֽлׯˣϷԨԷ粵ĻᣬȻΪׯҵ
ӹϷԨһһׯϲ׼
һ۾ɲǺŷӦϷԨͼ
һǰƵ½ѾԣϷԨɫҩƿ˿ڴ۾ͽг


3 
ҩ֮͸⣬һԸϷԨǰгֻʻȥͷѾðһϸ
ϷԨ֮ǰ˵ҪҩڻһһѾɣһΪϷԨҪ뿪ȴûϷԨȥİɴ
һֹϷԨĶæлׯʣµԼͿɡ
ϷԨû˵ֱӴϣҪҵ
СϷԨһ䣬Ҹ֮ǰ㲻˵
һֻùԹԲ˵
ҽ߳ѾܼٷʱĴڴ̫󣬻Ǳⲻ˶죬һؿڴѩ׵ľ˿ѪȾʺɫϷԨž;ۣʵԹ𣿡
ϷԨŵĺᣬ¾˻һ˿ڴֹסѪȥΪׯڣҲᡭôصˡ
ΪׯЧְڣ²Թһش
ӹ֪ʵĲϷԨһν˻һϲɴĶûмֺ߲̾һʴӱѾˡ
ǸţҹŽΪɽׯġ
һڿʼɴʱ򣬱ϷԨ䣬ϷԨϸа׵ʮָһڻһϵᣬһ˵Ϊɽׯɽ֮ϣɽϪɽվͣʹṦٺõˣҲͱ߶ʱԭڱؾ֮·ĸźջ󷨣ô֪ɽΪׯλá
⼸һֱΪׯҰ󷨽ˣͨҲô׾ҵΪɽׯڴĻأҲƽһЩΪľ贳źȥׯֻ߸һǲΪɽׯ봳ܽģǲ迴ڼȸޡϷԨ˵󣬶һ£ٿʱЩֻû뵽֮ء
ΪׯЧҡһȻ̱̬
ϷԨû˿ԥĿĵ˿ڣ˵ʲôζ
һȻûмϷԨ鷿̸Ҳ½ŵĿ˽߰˰ˣһʣׯ˷Ѿ˼ׯҪɽ𣿡
šϷԨͷ
һ˼Ƭ̻̲סʵׯŲյһ֮ԵׯΪҪ
·ϷԨĬˣȲ˵Ϊ֮в˵һĺѡˡ
ϷԨֻùҶ𴽽ǣʣôҰ㲻⣿
ϷԨﲻݡһҭһʱֻǿһ䣬ׯĪҪЦ
ѾϣϷԨһѾպúˣ׼뿪
һæľϻҳһڶߵϷԨ󣬰ѶϷԨϡ
ϷԨֻü΢΢һأ漴˱ʵʵذڶ֮£ס©ķ硣
ׯС
ϷԨڴлͷײһüۣȻʱԷѾȵͷ֣ԼϵòϵΪĽһĺָļɼ
ϵһ˫ŶñӵñԵϷԨͷϣˡ
֮һϰԵ̧ͷöϷԨߣּæͷ˰벽ׯߡ


4 
ϷԨм´ܹõһһ磬֮ǰһڲԡҲƽϡ
ϷԨ뿪ǰûһϣһȥ鷿ңȫ鼮ҶױഫĹż
ϷԨļЩ鼮йء
һ֪֪ķռԤ֪ᷢ飬Ҳȷᷢʲô಻֪ʱص㡣
ɰľƵϴϰٱ鼮¼ǧǰռЩѾӦ飬ЩδӦ顣
ϷԨ䳬Ⱥ˼Ƭ̣ڶһֽᣬĳһҳɰʽҳдġΪׯΪׯ֮ˡȥ
ϷԨδʮλӰҵĴڣȷʵǰϸ֮ʱǧһܲйɱ֮µڶԤԣ֪ҡ
˼ΪɽׯӰҲ֪һռ
ô֪
ϷԨʼ䱻¼µġδ͸¶֪ܣϷԨһʱ޹ֻʱһ飬֮һֻҪ±ɣһʱ
ϷԨĵԼպϢ
֮߳ǰϷԨֽҵĻǿһ飬Է˰ɹ
ص鷿ϷԨ㣬һˣߺ͸һҽһö书ׯڶ⣬½Ṧׯڵһ΢Ǳ㻽½֡
½ϵ鷿
ȵԷţϷԨһ׵ĸ󣬽Щû
㶯һڽҴһ±档סô̫λֻ˽һ½˶ԱڵĿˡϷԨͳһŵͼµһţ°֮ȥСȸ㣬պҪᵽȥ
ϷԨ½ţȥССģСﶼˣһǶȴ̫ǫãѡһһͬǰȥ
½⣬뵽ʲô˵ʲôǱϷԨׯҪǸʲôʲôɵţ
ǡϷԨʲôˣڵʱ̽һĳΪ֪ʵЩࡣ
仰ϷԨʻضûҪ½˵ôࡣ
½Ӧ£ȥ
鷿ٴοһˣϷԨ̾һɽΪɽׯվǳˡ


5 
뿪Ϊׯ֮ҹϳڵڶϵɡ
Ҳɽ֮ϣŷֳɵɣֱλɽ壬ȻĹŵ
Դӵɽ¾ΪУΪľʹٸأɵ˷֡ϾΪׯһ£Ҳ֪Ȩε衣
뵽֣ɫ֡
ΪΪׯˣȨ˴ɽףȺÿڱʧ㶦ֲ£λżʮľ飬Ҫƾ֣һͬ۹á
εǸҰĴģ֮Ȩǿ·ɱȿɻҪû䣬ҲԼɲһ˵š˵ɽˣͬԿȨƺŵѡ񣬵ѡεˣԼĿ
Ȼ˾٣뻢ıƤ
һƺǸ޴־Ƶģεˣεʵе·񣬻ʱ㶦Ϊɷͥ
ȲͿȨɡ
ȲҲûôʱ䡣
һЩƬǰ֣֯˫ǺɳҾҳ۵ƺһ籩ݱŨīɫʹˣ²׵¹׵תƺΪ֮һ㱡ɴ´£ʣûбס°Ҳģ
賭ߵڵԷλţǹƻ֪ԼصǸշ䣬ȻŽȥƵԺΧǽһɴ䷭ǽ롣
˷
һȴԶ
һҹδ飬ȥʲôҺ档
ͷȴ˺ɫϵĽ˿ƻ¹֣ƺİ׻ͼʾԷ֮󣬱ֱ絶ü۷ǴЦģȴƾһɺ⡣
Ȩţε衣
ʹشεҲȥʲôǲشεһġ
ȥΪׯʱԷһһ·Σ˼תʵָ£סĺ˵֮ǰѾڰشı飬Ȧף뿪ŵеȦס
վԭز
ε賯ߣûд뿪˾εһһ߳¹µıü۾͸Ҳѹԡ
ʲôȦףҪͷȥ裿
ϱֵòԸӽͣʵΪ˵ԽԽࡣ
εҲûм׷ʡ
εЦŲԸ˵ǾͲ˵һǶıұĿԴ
迴ε裬һͷһε边Ȼͻɵڲֵ´ԷʵʵǱĻҪ¡
ε費˵ʾ䣬˳תƻ⣬εҲǲԼ֮ǰǷ˵ǣȴʵεҹˣкιɣ
кιɣ
εǰһ
ʵ̫ˣƵ費ò˰벽εһ֮ңȴǷԼεʵֻܿڱЦ⡣
裬װɵˣεͷֹ̧һƺڷǰǾ˵ˣҳɫ


6 
ɫ
紫òª˵ü̺ۣҲ˵пɲ̥ǣ˵硣汾ࡣŴδĿǶ֮ʱȻҪߡ
˼ݡ
ε迴ġɫЩЦˣεݻûɫһ˵
֮ʱεᵽɫֻ꣬һ˵û뵽Էġ
һʱԡ
εӵͶ˵Ԥ֮е飬Ȼ˫߲ȫòǴǺĽӲȻԿɲ죬ȻֻǶ̶һ˲
̧֮ԷƿţεŽȥ
طֻһש㲻Ҫȣлءε˳ָָķȥӴһשҪɱ˯裬ͨվǸλá
ԹԵذѴڵϣֿʼϵڵϣŵ죬϶һڽűߣΧһϯ֮ش粽УҲһԼȦڴ˴޷Ĵ
ȥµĴӣֻǵһʱЩ
ε迴Ҳƣǹʵ𣿡
Ķһ˲ͷܿ˴Ŀ⣬ʲô
εЦһĿοǷ£ʳɫҲźβ˻úһ
跴༥ǽһȡ裬ΪҪ˷Ѷڲɵϣ
ɣεۣϷЦĸãʣ𣿡
ԷԤϡ
µĴӱ⿪ˣ봹ǰ¶һļķɫͱѰ˰һЩѩļεǰƣεûΨһһѹ£޻
εɿϵ֣ȴѾˡ
ôô׺죿
εͷԼѣһһӵϣε迴һۣ彩Ӳһһ¹꽻̬ȡ
εʣ𣿿ƺܽš
¡
ȥӲε谵Ը̡
εԼµ筺ɫ첲ٹͷ˹ؿʼҲҲֱֻ̫۶ĿģϵһѽĻᡣ
֮εԼֱµĽʡ
𣿡
ŤͷһԣҪϻôʲô
筺ɫէһһͣƤ֮ϣľˣεԴҪʤαװıʼ

ɫһεĵָֿ϶ظˣǲһ
裬ٴЩεס
ε£ֽľϻӴһЩ
֪ʲôǰ֮أħһ˵ܿܿ޷ħеջ󡣡εЦŽ̰ͣȻӹ˼֮Դ
ε轫ָľϻΪδ֪Ǻ£εܸоֹסط
ε谲Ե豻ʪķ˿
˫筺ɫĴĶ˿ϵĺǳ峿ںҶµ¶ˮŵ˱֯ͼӭվӲ˲ߢˡ


7 
½ŵİЧȷʵֵϷԨֻʱ䣬ͻռϷԨҪϢϷԨ½Ե鷿㱨
ϷԨʾ½˵
½Ŵ󷽷һǽԼСʾͼݸϷԨϷԨ֮պãŵڽУɣȨڣǿɣɡ
ϷԨͷʾ֪˵
½ţȨɺͿڹķǰ߳˸գߵǸվ·ӣ书ʽиѧɾôֳġ񽭺ձ۵Ҳ޷⣬Ϊν书ʽֻǿռӣû֧ţջӲܵ³
ÿʮϵ֮Ĵд裬д֮ṫʾÿʮƣҲע顣ΪвõԴѭԽԽû˥ܡδؾͺǿɳеĸվ֮ȻȲ֮Ƶ󣬵ʵ̫ˣϵڶλá
Ȩε裬У¹ϣ֮ǰȨһȨ书ȥѧϰε֮̾ͽϳȨɣʹ츳ܸߣεĽȨɲҪһĶáѧͽ
ƺߵΪε·ӣϲȨƣҲ޴־꣬Ժ֡
衣ἰˣ½Ŷһ£ҲŲ˼飬ׯţһαд֮Ҳʮǰɡֻʮ꣬ͳšֻаʱ䡣
ͣҲһӳ˰˰һǧ꣬ʮ꣬൱ڲһͨʮ֮һݣʱͲһɻ㹻
˵ǲͶҽΪʱѾҲһֵ֮ܵˡμŴѡʱ򣬴ʴʣ˵Ҫһ֮ɳΪڵһδҰģҰĵ书ֱȲ裬ɹѡȲŵŮҲŵĵӣֻһϵͽܡ
ˣһ£Ǵ˵ûһɿϢһսɵ书ǿˣ˵˭˶ҪһȻܳΪţϡ¡ѡţóȷʵһ겻һ꣬Ͷ·ˣҽˡ
½̾ҡͷһ£ǲׯ֪òǴʾˡԷ׷ף˵ϰ̥ǻ˰̣òªҪһЩ˵̥ǣļһ㣬˵Ǻôһɫ͹̥ǣüǴЩҥԣҲܵ档
ǲͶҽܵţʵȻҪ߹ЩǣΪ֮ǰûšϷԨüĵ㻹⡣һӲĿʾˣʮǰսɣΪ֮ǰڽû书ȴɲˣܾܡ


8 
˵֮תֻʣա
Ϊɽׯ֮ûӦϷԨñܳһ顣
漰ʱģ硰Ԫһʮ꣬ħ˼䡣ϷԨʱ˳򵥶д˼ӡ
ûдʱģϷԨְ¼漰ɣֱڲͬıϣйԪµ¼
һµͶ̶Ҵûдʱ䣬ϷԨûа취ǰƶϳδƵֻƾԼĳ˵ļԽķ紵ݶһµĲ룬ԼӦԺʵ
ߺϷԨնЩϣյʱܳϣֻһЩ޷޸ֽϵֻʱ֮˲ٹͱī
ϻ͵СȻ֪ܣЩ¼ȻҪαװһϷԨдʱصһЩķŴ潭֮еĸɣΪľǴﵽ˵õҲ޷̽жߵЧ
ϷԨټʮλӰ鷿
ϷԨһѡ񵥶ԸмλӰǴʱʮλӰڳ´˿ϷԨҪ˵鲻򵥡
ϷԨмϷ滨ľϣѾЩˣϷԨŲ豭Ʒ֮໹ů֡
ټλȷʵҪ¡ϷԨΪľÿ˶ҳׯҴӦˡѾΪҰź֮ڼһ®ɽΪׯҲɻķϣȻҪӰµġ
в˻ȥݡϷԨұŵӰȥݣʣµ¿ׯɡ
ϷԨվЩµʮλӰǺ䣬ϷԨߴʼĻһɨȥ˼ҪЩˣʵ˴𰸡
ߣˣ½ţ·ʮʮһʮʮʮ壬ʮǰݡ֮ҲҪݣ֮ȫȨػΪׯ֮ʱǱںΪһ֮ʱ࣬Ԥ⣬ҲΪׯʱգׯӰҲҪغáʮϸҲׯ֮ʱʹׯڴ¡
֮ϷԨ޾ϸؽׯһ飬ʳסи棬뵽Ķἰ˵ڸ֮ʱϷԨȿڲ裬豭ֻʣ²Ҷڱס
ϷԨˣɢ˰ɡ
ӰǱ½鷿ȥ
½źŲ̤鷿Ÿ˵ԣ˸磬˵ϡ治ϡ棬ׯȻûϻһ˭֪һׯ谮Ӱ
ҲһЦĿģ˵ʵҲͦģҸոƳһۻһɫѿܣƺˡ
ֻߣȫȻ֪ˡĻһ󣬲һ˿ҲϾȥܰĸ˺½šֻվ鷿⾲ȡ
ƾ£һɫεңǱĵĴϡ߸һؿڵʱ˵˵ȰвҪ磬׺壬˿̵Ļһȫ֮Ժ


9 
һⴵ˰ʱ磬ڿˡ
ϷԨʱﶼԼܳõıӣű࣬æ˺þãͻȻԼҪΪɽׯΧ󷨼ǿһ飬֮ǰΪ˲¶ۼ贳Ϊɽׯ󷨱ࡣ
պԼҪ뿪ΪɽׯׯҲֻʮĲǿһЩǻԶԼ
һʮǰħƲħ֮սһΪɽׯҲⳡս˺ܴãϷԨ׾ⳡսħȫû
ϷԨΪɽׯɽҰ֮УȻкܶҪΪɽׯɣϰΪɽׯʿ®һѰΪׯ
ϷԨԹԼһ裬㼴²ׯڻ󷨣ĴҴҽŴ򿪣ȴֻһվ⡣
ӹ
һҾׯ
ϷԨĻһƣæ˵˻ûãô˵
ϷԨŻһ鷿˵ֻûһӣԷȴһϥŵعˡ
ûã˵⼸նù򡣡ϷԨæȥһ
ȴͷȥһһ
ׯ»ׯȥݡ
ϷԨ֪ӹԼİţ̾һҲȥȻҵĿѾ˵
ϷԨŻһֱֻһ鶯ֻϣһԼ˼ϷԨ书ǿһۺʵׯڵһѻһȻ췽ҹ̷
ϷԨάĶһȴûϷԨ˼ǹظһ顪
ׯ»ׯȥݡ
ϷԨһ˲üһɿԼڻһϵ֣վֱ۵׵ˣǰĻһᶨϷԨ֪ǲԼǰȥϷԨоؿһ뵽ϻˣϷԨۣȴûжı飬һ
ϷԨͻһദ֮ʱٽСһֱ㣬ʱֱӹĴϷԨҪǿԼׯݡ
һһϷԨ⣬ͷĸˡ
µׯΣ֮ɶ࣬ӣаʤ·Ĳ£ԡׯ»ׯȥݡ
ˡ
ϷԨάŵͷӵƣһڵһ˽ֲ£ϷԨӻһͷķڿ½һΪɴûһŶһȦϷԨ𴦣Ƿ
ôֲ˼أȷʵ书ǿҲȥ³򣬵Ǵ˿̲֪ļҲһͳ֮ǰҪغΪɽׯϷԨվֽл˻һ֣ӹ֪Ĳ£˵
һ嶯˶ȴǵϥŵعڵϵơ
ϷԨдżѾ񣬴˿̻ΪׯׯڣɽϪ֮صҪã֮ǰȫһ飬𻵻Ҫ£һѼֵҪʱһôȰҲȰõĻһϷԨĻȷ֮ơ
ϷԨ߽һҵĻ𣿡
ʯשƫ̦שΪ߶Ȳͬ϶·һС£ϷԨ֪һŲ˵οǵϥصơ
ǰĻһֱͦƺ޶ԡ
ϷԨ״ЦǲңҲӦͲ
һҺ񣬿ǰȴִ̣ϷԨ⣬õĶǶԷķϷԨĵ׵ĻһӾյͷ
һΪʲôˡϷԨ־ұׯľ
һ⧲ԣ͵̧ͷɫһ˲ҰףʶԼʧֽ̬ͷ¡
ϷԨǿˣһͷ֮ɵ뵽䴩׹ӥϷԨĿһʹҲ֪ԼĻ˵ˡ
˫ֶЩϷԨ˵Щʲôֲȴһǹײ
ׯ˼
ֱڤ粻顣
ϷԨҲĲᣬҪҪϷԨͻһս
ѾɹšϷԨһݻ˦ȥԣһ᲻ת⡣


10 
ϷԨȥΪɽׯڴ
һ֮ǰӲƻǿڸԭҲ̫ѡҪעλܺΧľﻥϣԴﵽศɵĽ
ԭ󷨼ȻѾ߰˰ˣûƣԷй¶ΪɽׯЩνķš
ƱȻǷķϷԨ֪Լʱȣֻ÷㣬ԭ󷨵Ļϱ䶯һʵڲԴﵽѷֶЧ
ô˵ЩǼķģһ
ʮԴӱίдׯְκҲϷԨѧ󷨲֣֪ϷԨׯڣʮҲ˹
Ƴʮɫ½ǣϷԨҲ֪ǸӰʮһٶ곯ϦϷԨӰӰѾָƣЩӰϷԨҲܽгӰװ綼һģڵۻ뵽˻һ

ϷԨǿԼרע󷨡
һʱ֮ϷԨȵһڡ
ڰϷԨȻǵһμ˲룬ԼĪµĽϷԨڰγȥ¶ĲȻ˵ڶʱΪ˷һϷԨںᣬԽͷɵԽԶڼ˼л£ʹһֲҲȫˡ
һ
ỹŰɡǵġ
ϷԨڶ뵽֣ŷڵսϵļ̽ļһۣҲһʹϷԨվƬ̣վ̾һʮ
ʮһշ½һ磬վϷԨǰׯ
ϷԨŷڷԸһ´˿̻鷿ţҪ͵ԼԷȥ
ʮͷǣȴЩ¶ɫ
ϷԨϤʮƢԣһ۾ͿʮƺЩΪѣüʣô첻ɣ
ʮׯˡһ书Զ£޷֪Ρ
ϷԨȻû뵽һ㣬Ĭŵ˼ǲܣֻ֮취Ҫżɡˣİ취ҲҪ
ʮӦĺܿ죬ǡ
ʮȻׯȴ㡣ׯ˵ֱӽһΣԼĹһļ羱ⶼҪ򣬲˵ҪôֱЩ췽ҹ̷˵ˡ
Щʮֻĵ˵ׯԸ飬ܻҪ취ɵġ
ջӭ缲ߣʮͼׯֻƬҵһĸԴӸֽ⡣
ׯһַԸҴ͵͵ߣûһҪȥǺпǻһԼҪġһΨǴӣθׯ˼ϵʱǰׯ㼯Ӱ̸ׯɽȥһйء
᲻ǻһҲһͬǰ
ׯһȥȷʵӰĿ࣬һϵׯ˵ׯֲ¡
ʮ۳硣ˣҪûһҪ˼Ӿ磬ҪׯԸԳõķԼ
ׯвˣѵԹˣ
ʮ̾һ鷿򣬷߱ڣֶ롣


11 
ʮϵ鷿ǰͥԺһϤıӰʮԤϵһ㡣
硣ʮæܵһǰվŹԼǰˡ
һϵѪɫһЩչֳһɲ̬Ĳ԰ɫʮۣ뵽ׯˣԼˣ
ʮֱ˵ԼׯĿܻʵ䷴װ֪ӣ׻һĻׯ˺ģ
һҧҡҡͷԼҪģׯ޹ء
ֻһҡͷĶһҪȥǰЩڣź⣬һεЩۣڸҲѾѪζΪʱ䱣һƣѪͨ˳ټשòƽϵľˣһؿںȲЩʹ
һ֪ʮҲǺģ㲻Ȱҡ
ʮһ̬ȼģԼ뷨֤ʮ֮߰ˣǲΪһ£
һɫʮԤ֮зɿر仯һ˲
ʮεׯȻׯԼĵӰȨׯѡ񣬸Խ޴ׯı⣬ϴϻ۹ˣôׯ¾ǻˣ
һɫһűʹϷԨ˦ȥ֮ǰ˵Ǿ仰·ٴڶ
һΪʲôˡұׯľ
һºӿѪζҺͿֻһһԡ
һƣͷǳ
ʮ߽һ˼ƬѾ⣬ڻһǰȥݣǧǧ򡣾͵͵ȥׯȥׯϻΪɽׯ֮ǰСΪηҪׯŶԿأ
һٿ̧ͷ۵оɫ
ʮ֪ԼйļƳˣȻӰִ֮Υׯ˼ΪׯׯҪطʮΣⲻȥֻðοԼⶼǹ֮Ȩ֮ׯĪҪϱٽ͵ȥֻڽȰһݱɡ
ȻҪ޷Ȼѣǻд⣬׼ȫԽ١
ʮʱ죬ԷҲֳԼ˵ı飬ûȥһʮֲһ򣬺ͻȻһᣬֱֱ浹ȥʮۼֿ켰ʱס
ǹ˶ã
Ȼιȥˣ
ʮľսæŻһȥߣ½ȥ֪ͨׯ
ϷԨ֪Ϣ֮󣬱ȥ̽̽һӲסˣ֮¸ΪҪϷԨֻüӿĶٶȽ˲ͻؼ飬ҪĻһһ£󲽸һԷ
߱Թľֽ
浱Լģٺ֣ܲԼ嵱µɡ´ҪԼΣҷǸ˲š
Żһ壬ҩҹҩҩۿЩɹˣһôһ֮ǰĹ򼸺׷ѣϾµûȸտʼ϶١
߲Žһģ̱Թ䡣
ʮ
ߵͷĵĲʮһۣס֪Ҫ˵Ҳ
֨ѽһˣϷԨһȥϵĻһ
ʮתͷСׯ
ϷԨͷע⵽һ˿˯ջأСߣΣ
ߣׯ޴󰭡ҼΪҩ
ϷԨ֣ˡ
˵˾䡰ҡʮһˡ
߶죬°Ƶҩܿ͵һԷ
ϷԨױһһһ׵ιҩϷԨѻһϰͷ¼ܸһЩϷԨ˳Ŵҩιһʱ򣬻һˡ
һ۱ϷԨԼιҩƺܳҪ˵ϷԨһ
ȱ˵ҰҩιꡣϷԨֳһѰºͣԼ룬⼸˵˶ҲĵĻ
ϷԨ֮ҪԼм֮¡ҪǣһģϷԨԼ
һ߻һҲûݵ飬ʮȷʵ֮Ҳ˵˻һ㲻ٶԡ
ϷԨһһιҩֱߡϷԨǣʡҶһ¹вҡ
һΪϷԨҪ˵䣬ǰιҩߣ֮⣬һҲܣ²׼ϷԨ˼ϷԨæ
Ԩ
ϷԨŲɲǶסתڽ֯µĻһ
һʶԼ鼱֮¾Ȼׯ֣æĿڣׯׯ𣿡
ϷԨ˼ͨ͸֪һôòĽһͬʱòϻһһԨԼãϻǲɫ
ϷԨ䣺ĺޡ
һæ˵ʧְׯ𷣡
ȻҪϷԨ˺ˣѡӹպϷԨһٱ顣


12 
˵ҪϷԨȻԼѾһƥ
ϷԨؽʰˣ·ʣµľǹԼϷԨ˲ҪЯʣµϷԨ㵽ʱ취
νҪģǺͽйصԤԡ
Ϊɽׯ˶УϷԨһһӰ֮ҲΪʮҪƹׯϷԨҲͺʮԸ˼䡣һվʮԱߣϷԨҲֻǼ򵥵˵˾ٻᣬתͷͷҲûء
ϷԨܸܵĿ⣬֮ǰӿ˲֮ҲǿԼƿᣵĳ嶯
ǰԼ뿪Ц˵ûһ÷һô˵ҲҪһ£ϷԨǿﴽЦݿɬԵһһٱ顣
֣ϷԨ˴һ𣬿ܾ𡣳˵Ҳѣ˵ҲףϷԨ֪Լ˴γǼ֮ںٻصΪɽׯ
˲һȥҲǳԼ˽ģԻһ书ӦǻеѡϷԨ뵽˲ɿЦ
ϸ˼ͻ֮ʱ˵֮ԤԴδʧʱǰϷԨŷȻԤʾԼˡ
һԪһʮ꣬ħ˼䡣ڶϷԨڳħսԪһʮ꣬Ҳ˵֮ħ̻˼䡣
һʮǰһγħսʧأϷԨֻҪħ̸٣ȻΪݣԵڶγħսܻܿħ֮ٶݣ㲻ħյһ꣬Ҳϵ̫á
ɶħ̵̶ȼͣȻҲһֱڽΪ
Ҳ˵֮Լ
ΪɽׯӰ𱣻ׯԼˣǸԼӰȻ͵
ϷԨ΢΢̾Ըѻһľأ˼ȥֻаѻһΪɽׯĿԸһЩ
谲ŵ½·Ϊɽׯɽ䣬Ҳɽ䣬һɽϵһɽϣ·;ƽۣƫ֮ƫ·ƫƧƺΪ˼ٶȹذĴԱøٵ˷֣Ȩ֮µѡ
£е̺ӣѬ㣬ϷԨһʼӵˣҩ֮ĳɷ֡
ҹһµա
½ţˣϷԨƿʵҹ˳ϷԨƿĿ
ϷԨ̲סɪһ¡
ׯѾ˻ϵ֮·̾ܵˡ½ǰ
ϷԨ֪ˡ
ϷԨ˵·;࣬һ¡ҹζ࣬ҲյĿĵء
еӰǷ׷ױʾࡣ
ҹ·ϷԨ۾ϢҲֻһϢӣĳ˯ȥʻ·߶һְŵģϷԨȻѾ̬ˣҲȫ
Ȼ̬ȺµΪɽׯɵĽƺҪܳʱ䡣
ϷԨų֨֨ѽѽѹϵʯͷӲ飬Ҳһһ²ƽȣϷԨ˺ÿÿڵ·ϻ˯֮ʱҪѡ
ɽҰż೤Ұèͼ˳ŷгٶҲ࣬ҹףƣ룬·Ҳƿʼǰ㼱ɡ̤ϵĶҲ˺ܶࡣ
Ϊƣʼи˾衣
ϷԨҲ⡣
ͻȻһ¹⣬ֱֱ򳵱ڣ¶⣬복ڣϷԨƾֱ˹ȥһ亹
д̿ͣҹˣһӰѹ
ϷԨףǲӴûзƷҪ˵Ĺֻһ֮ҪһСġ


13 
ɨӹƴ̿ԼжʮˣԴɫҹ£棬ִ
δѾмƥ˻֮ʱҲһȾҪһߵ£˳һţƥϷɳ֮Զ
ԼҲṦǿ½ŶһۣȻ׶Է뷨Ȱֱļ꣬ԶҷڽսʼճԿ
ֲԼļǼϷԨ˵֮ϣϷԨ˿Ѿǰ棬½ʣµӰҰΧֵͬʱŬ׷ϵĴ̿͡
½ŰνżͬʱнⲻƼžҹɫֱֱ򹭼֡
ּ粿ֱ۶мֻۣ˵Ĳһ߲ȡԾķʽһ֮Ժس
һƳֱֱ복ַ϶֮УϷԨֹͣһ˲ԭҪ̿׷ľٶת
ˣһ͡
ͣ˲䣬̿ͼ´ӺΧȥ֮Ӧǰźõս
ϷԨϸԷ⣬Ҳ֪ԷĿǳԼġϷԨȻ֪ԼڳħսⳡĴɱȻǲɵúʪ˺󱳡
ֱֱڶȥӰȻὣ࣬ǻ©֮㣬Ѿ˺ü⬣ʱţӰҲ֪ԷļȻԽԽ٣ֻҪסȻŤתơ
ӰնļΪĿ꣬һ˻ϣ򲻸ˣۿλֱļԽԽ٣Ӱʤ׷ͼıսԴսʱ
д̿ͻȻԴؿóһС͵Ĺ
Сɣ빭ȲһЩ¹ҫԣէһǷ½ΪṦ׿Խǰ棬ǷӦѸƺʮϷԨԡ
̲һͺ복ڡ
ĬӰǺܿ˼Բȡ̿ͱƵԶķʹϷԨ֮ڡ
̿ȻҲðű˵ΣҲϺ˰벽
Ƹ۵ƣ
ȻļҲ࣬ǵвϴ̿һѣúͬʱڳ֮ϣľƵĳѿ̮һڵϣ죬ŨǵĻʹҹɫҲԶ׼ǰƥΪͻȻ𲱾Хһ
һ˲һ
ϷԨΪȱȷϷԨĹԶӰΪװҲûдأϷԨֻóȥ̿͵ļŪһҲǺҳ߶߿ȡ
ӰΪ˲ǰУֻΧ棬̿˶࣬Ѳڣ޷סеˣѾд̿ϷԨǰס·Ҽл˳ϷԨʺȥ
½űϾṦã챼ϷԨվԱȵϼٶȣһ
ׯСģ
ϷԨ£ͷƤ뷢ڣѿͷû˲£ʱѾߵĵط
ϷԨ˿̼վҲᱻ˵ȡ
һϷԨ½ȥֻϧʹȫɱٶҲȲ϶ֻ̼һԼɹ½ŲϷԨ
ǧһ֮ʣϷԨһɣͼڵϴϷԨһô˵ҲǶ㲻ˣ̴͵Ŀֱֱ׷ԼϷԨͫ׽Ȼһ룬Ԥ֮еʹûг֡
ߴĻҶһ£һӰ϶´ӿнһ£ͷɴñһ䣬նһһϷԨı۰Լ뻳С
ϷԨȫո̫ˡ
һֻϷԨţ裬ӰǿƬ̺̿͹ľһˡ
֪ϷԨѾܵвڿϷſ§ϷԨ֣Ӱһȥ׷̿ͣȻһƬʮϤܿҹɫС
Ӱǵɽ֮ƣ׷һԭ·أûл׽һ̿͡
ȥ׷̿͵ʱеһλϷԨʾҪȥʱţϷԨʾ֪֮ˡ
ϷԨһҪ豨ŵӣԵⳡϷ뷨
ӶԣΪɽׯׯˣ貢ûʲôʵ԰ͬʱʮ书ǿĴ̿ͣڽС
ڶ׽޹ĺµӰΪۣ߼ͷɴñɫֱŰɴƵĴǷ׷ɣס
˾ԼʱϷԨӰֶЩϤڶһ־Щİˡ
ϷԨʵлȣʴ
ԪסԷɳƴ
ΪɽׯϷԨϷԨҾպм֮£Ҳ
ɫȻʩչ书Ҳ΢һԼΣ˸ıɤҩҲͬ
һһ
ׯӦûϳԼ


14 
ׯһ΢֪һ֪ԼҪֽмǻӿڳÿ˵һ仰Ҫһû©ŸʳʡׯҪȥη
ϷԨ𣺡ȥݣһ
ׯѾˡһĬƬ̺󻺻˵ҲҪȥݣׯǲµһͬǰȥ
ϷԨȻһ˲Ҳû뵽λô飬ֻһ֮ȷʵȡĻϷԨ֪ԼǳԲȨ֮Ǿ鷳ˡ
һһ²˵ׯҵǰԶ
һ֪˵Խ࣬ҲԽ࣬ԡ
ϷԨһʣҿ·ƫƧ᫣ҲʲôͨҪô·˴
ñİɴҹĴҡڣɴƵĴ¹Ľ͸¸Ե翳һµָ£˵Ҳ࣬Եƣʮ±д裬ȥһǰ·д͸ˡ
ÿʮ֮д裬дȡƷƣɽⲻӰδԴʦүڷɵʱ˹أһ󣬾ͻᱻֱȡ
˵˾ΪÿͼΣȹֲ˼
Ϊ֮ǰѾˣУΣڵϦ
ʣµӰѾѸڱϣ˽ǣƥǰС
ϷԨͻһǰ档
ϷԨȻͬˣҴ˴ȥҲҪȥһдġ
Ԫ׵ĻشէһûʲôëϸܷشʣȻˣϷԨҲû׷ȥЦ֮ͨ·ǧܹڴ꣬ȥͬһνϬ
һһΪ飬ܾϷԨлʾԼҹɽδ̫ɺϣŰɴȥϷԨɫֻԷЦʵ⣬һĵǿԼܱӰ
ǰһϷԨᣣȥϷԨȻܣȵϷԨãһϰԵط´
ӲźϣסϷԨݣŽдϷԨľ
һ©һģԼ˿Ԫ׵ݣׯͬһ˵ڿĵطܶ࣬Ҳڳֻȥĵ


15 
һһΣܿ⣬ҷ̿ʹ֮ʱƺ˽ڵϣһңܿͻҪׯ˵ɷԵƬ̣
áϷԨʵǷҪӰһͬѰң
áһܾܾ̫ɴֲ࣬һ䣬ҲʲôҪĶͷׯӰׯҪӰʵҲˡ
á
һһʯͷ˵أνȥֻӣһոմ򶷵ĵطװѰңһĵ׾ԼһҪٽׯ˼ϸ壬̫Լݺܿͻᱻ𴩣ʱׯҪô
һ֮󣬻һصԼǰʱϷԨڳСһ״˶
ϷԨˣ۾ʣҵ𣿡
ҹ飬ȻǺܿԷݶȵȣһһʼûŪȥǴؿóһʵûжĽ룬ҵˡ
ϷԨЦҵͺá
ϷԨͬһǰδеģʣһҲЩڣþнټ϶ԷԴԼϳ֮һֱԼķܾԼϷԨӰΣǱǹ˳վڶԷǰûκܡ
ϷԨҪ֪ҪԼԩĺܣܰ߷ŵȥ
˿ѾǺʱǲ˯ˣ
һϰԼϷԨŵĸоâ̱ҲıƵģתûشϷԨ˵
ҿժñһҹˡ
ññܴ󣬲˵˯ǽѣǻһժ֮òԼԭòֻƣñİɴһһžеһЩ
һҲϰʱ˯˯ȡׯ˯һׯš
ϷԨﴽһ·ˣҲ˯ţɴͲ˯ˡ
һѾܵϷԨԶһЩϾռޣˣϷԨͷɢ󣬻һټϷԨٵͷӷҹĹ⵹ӰϷԨͫ£һһӿ죬æתͷֲ᣼װ·̡
ӦܵˡϷԨ״ѡ
ϷԨô˵ˣһֻջߣ̵Ľ̺֯ϵĻƣϳǰвͣżȻ£ֹʼһӡ
˺ҹϷԨʵӿڹȲϻһʵǺһҹ˯ϷԨ۾ʱ򻹻˵㿴ڱۣʵ˼ѡ
ȻûãԷ೤ӦѾˣһȡв̺ӸϷԨϡ


16 
ϷԨһҹߣ˯˹ȥ
ʱϷԨⰵ԰գҲ֪Լôˣһ·һƼˮ˵ôҲ˯ȥģ֮Ĳޣܱã˭֪׽˻᲻ͻȻͱһ
ϷԨƿᣣ⿴ȥֻббһǣҫۣչֳˬִɫѾ֮ʱ
Ļһͷɴñ˸ʵʵֻԼϳԷϷԨҲ֪˿ѵģǱ۶˯еʿҲ˯
ҹ谵ʱģϷԨ棬£ȥһĴ硪
ԭϿɫ£չԡֳһɫӽị̄ϱһѽǴֲڣûзĵ̻ƣҲǸɾ붼ûС
ϷԨ΢΢һ£ҵĽû¹ȥ
ٴε˰ɡ
Ĵԭǵɫģɿϣ
ʵưûҲڴ̿͵ļ֮£ƲȥԤԲ˵Ӱٳһܺľ̿еļֻԼȫˣҪһЩƤ֮ࡣ
뵽⣬ϷԨֻλ§ڻ龰ЩյĻš
ׯͻȻ
ϷԨʱ֪ԭԪ״˿ŵġ

˻к֮ϷԨ˼ͻȻԪ׵ǸȻЩڣ㲻㽻̸ԴӶԷһЩ
һһֱţϷԨʼԼǻһڳϷԨεĿ⣬һаɴڣԼҪϷԨֱ¶š
ͷһվûסϷԨ
ϷԨ࿡㣬ͷƽ˼һͲҶ࿴ͷѾŤһԡ
лѡϷԨһǣ½ţзһҡ
ϷԨ֣¶ֱָۣڿһץģϷԨЦһᣣϣʼԼ
Цˡ
һȻֱϷԨϷԨͷڷƵ¶ƤӰ𪣬ʼΧڡ
ҹµϷԨòiǰׯյǽ©չµģַ˿⣬ҹһø
㱼䣬䧵ǰ
ׯ˼վɽֶۣ֮ͱջһΪΪɽׯӰΪΪɽׯӰммǣׯð֮ġ
ׯ˵ף֮񱣬ʮλӰׯ˼һӰׯĽӼ꣬ׯڼжȻΥׯָ
ɽ֮ϵջ޽ջһСľ֮أѪ͵ջׯԻһһ˵Ŀ飬Ӱʬ޴棬˼죬ֻʣʮˡ
ֻһ⣬书ʧȥġ
ׯӴһλׯв֮ĵӰ
һɽµľɫĿԶҲֻܿһЩŤŤ¼ɵ֦ʯ飬˼͵Ļڶ߿
ΪɽׯӰҪ˲е˼
һȻӻѣ¡


17 
žѪµĽͣ˼СǰϵӰϳ֮Զ
ŵСӰȥǰƥ
ϷԨͻһ߽ͭĴţϷԨ̤벽ֻһ󼲷ֱֱԼĻһȥ
һһܿ
ϷԨֻ̧ͷһ룬ɢµķ˿ڱҽƷ˿ĴȻߣһѽڿһһ뼸󲽿ǰɱƿһ
һ৵һӽĽײһֹĹơ
սǰһ̡
һֻӱܣӲ潻汾ռ·磬ټϻһϻˣһһ㣬ԭôʺĽմ̴˻һñϵİɴ
轣ϣñžһ䵽ϣûаɴòݾ¶¡
һһɲǼȥϷԨķӦȴ׷ᣬһֻרӦǰ衣
ֻǶ̶̰׾Իʯһ˲䣬Ѿ߰С
þգ˳߰˲֮ԶĦĹ켣紦
轫뽣ʣֵλе裬ֻ֣㵽ΪֹҪ
һ֣֪ࣿ
ǰȥˡ
ŻоգλȻ˵ǵ㵽Ϊֹ⼸з߳ɹһΪ˱ϷԨĻɣԼϤʽҲõĲӲ
һ֪ԼٺȥԼȳΪŵ°ܽȲòϰߵʽϷԨ
лλ·ƽε˷Ԩһڴ˶л
һﲻмλŻ죬һԨҲסˣ֪ĻΪϷԨжĽ顣
ʵʶ̶̼ˡ
һϵñʱ͵͵һϷԨʲôߣһﰲοԼӦǳɹģ΢һЩ
˵ǵһȥסź𣿻ڼݣ
ոջ¾ͱˣ
һһҲûѣסջ
蹴ЦȻ־˷Ԩô˵ҲҪúÿּ졣־Сס°ɣҲʡЩ̲
ֲ䣬ʮǱڵд裬ѮڵĿͷԽصͿţʱҪԸһд裬Ҳסȥ
ȻһûʲôøУĻȷʵһѴˣȷʵûд̲
һ֣лš
ֲؿԨδǧҪ˵޷֮һȰ˴ȥ᷿Źҹּ֮¡
ϷԨȻҹͬǾ䡰ǧҪ˵Ҳ֪Ҫ̣Ÿͣ¡
λεˣѻׯӰֻһ֮޽ĽͣҪˡ
һЦϹ˵޷߶ˡ
һܿ͸ū뿪ˣϻˣҪҩȵ˺֮ߣԽ콫ãָܾȫʵ


18 
һߣϷԨȥˡ
յֻʣˣ轫Ŵغ÷ϣһ¡
ϷԨ˳λ£ڣҲͲαװº͵΢Цֱ˵ˡ֮䲻װģ
áɫƺҲһЩׯǸˣҾͿżɽׯ¡
һǵȵд֮һҡԪټ
ϷԨüԪǸʧѾã˵ѧ޵еĹ
ͷǡ
شˬ죬ϷԨһгɫǽ˵ˡû뵽ҲЩ翵Ķ
翣蹴һЦ
ϷԨʱŷĴɫȻѪĶ
ǿⱾԪһħ̡
ϷԨ׷ʣⲻҲǴ˵𣿡
˵߼ʣ߼ǡЦⲻеڼѣǴǣе˳𲨣Ĵޡ
費ŭЦңУޡ
˵ƶϷԨ˲Щҡһʮǰħ̸ձʱ򣬾ԣ˵ǰθ媱ǿšԪһ֮һŤתƣֻħ̽˼񶾣ǰҲҪ˵汳Բⳡսʿħȫ
ΪҴ棬Ԫûд˵ΪԶһա
Ϊƶѵⳡսʲôϵ
棬ϷԨʱȥ롣
áϷԨʵڶʲô
ȡׯȥһˡ
ȹϣǸĸκŮӣ̣ȫûҽĻ󰮵ǫҽµһȻΰ룬ҽεǽпŵ˵еʿһƲ·һΪԼⶾˡ
ϷԨʵˣҽΣ
ˣׯòҲ̫˽񽭺ɡЦ˭ϳɽںȨ
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ǡ
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躱ͱ˻̵ƣǳĬˣѵõĳĬȴûƽͣΧĿԼŻҩζ
ϷԨţҼȻѡˣұȻẬʣҲóҪ˵һ룬պ󹦿һɹֲҡ
յŴ䣬ϷԨ裬Էƺһɵͳ֮УϷԨֱⱳ϶Է֮
ϷԨͻȻߴһ޵̾ϢᵽϷԨΪԼǻ
Ĭõǣо綾ѣҽ⿪ֻȹϡ
ϷԨ۵д֮ɫ
ˣԾһҲһʱƺǱϷԨûκõȡãָֻһʼ΢ЦҪȰѡԪһһ
ķϷԨ䣬ϹиɻЦϷԨһʱ֪˵ʲôãŴյһˮˮ˳ʺθϷԨž΢ůһЩ
ϷԨ˵պԱҴšǻĴ򿪷򿪺óеżˣֽᱻؽ顣ȻׯԸʾһ顣
ãׯˡ
ֵׯ̿һѾϲˡ
ԷȻб֪ׯе·ߣڴ˴ׯʻǰС·ƣׯ̵Ƕ·Ҷǰһ߹һΪƫƧС·Ҳ˵Ҫҵڴ̿͵Ϣ·ĵͼ֣˭й¶ׯ·ߣ˭ڹ
ͼ棬ӵҵ汳֮󣬵ͼջ٣ΪľǾµͼԱġ⴫µͼֻֽׯһݡ
Ҳܱ֤δй¶ϢΪҵӿܻԼļ»һݵͼ̿͵ĻʹųǣҲпׯߵ˳⣬ׯһһҪСġ


19 
ϷԨǰʾһĴ򿪷ߣϷԨ㻽½ź
ϷԨˣʵǾⳡɱĻʹ˭
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½һ䣬¾úߵĿԴһЩ
ҿЩ̿Ĭ书ǿŰŵĵ·ƫƧΣԷȻ֪ׯг̣ҳɹصׯ
һ£᲻Եݣ
ӦòᡣϷԨ̷һְţǸ͸ûɱҵĶɱķ֣һͳڵĴҵҲûʲôΪɽׯٺһ
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ϷԨʣҹӺãûмʲô
ҡͷ
СЩûġϷԨֻ̾ǵûȫתƵˣ
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áϷԨףֵȥһԪס
֮ɫûжԣ½׷ʵׯɱһйأ
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½Чһյĸߣ޾ϸܿռ˹Ԫ׵ϡ
ϷԨʮűֽдŴ漮ףʿסηǨƣЩ˽ãǰηʲô©ʱ׫һݣôȫ걸Ͽ˵޷ˡ
ϷԨĴָʳָס࣬ȻҶô
죬ԪȻסСǰﲻСϷԨΪ֮ǰռϣټ϶Էľ֮Ԫ׵ĽûôأûʱԷȥˡ
һξ͵˾ѮԪȱԼҪȥɽڡ
Ԫ׸ǵϷԨһҲȥ˱ڡ
дкܶʿǰۿеһɵ书·еΪһα׼еύһЩʿ
֮ȻĿĸͬһۼɽڡ
ɽ֮أһһɽ壬ÿɽҲΪɱȨڵɽΪȨ塣
дɱ֣갴չڿС
ɽɽд˵ĿͷɿרŵĹܼΪ߲ܣʿÿÿʱر࣬Э֮ûнͷɽϵڡ
ɽɽȻһξ룬Ƕڽʿ˵СһƬ̾ܵɽ
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ϷԨȥܼǼǵʱһֻۣ˵ԼϷԨû˵ԼΪɽׯ
ΪɽׯΪ֮ǰڳħս˲СãڽȽϷԨ̫֪ΪɽׯˡϷԨӰһ׺ɫӰ򳣷ǿ⼸մҲؽԼׯֱС
ʮһգдʽʼˡ


20 
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ĶģǳҲŪ٣۱۵غ˵ΪĿ֮£ֶǣûкɱ֣ܿó
м̨Ա̨΢СһЩ̨ȵһƽҪ߳ߣ̨ԼʮĶСΧ̨¥˵һûУӵڶ㿪ʼÿ񻨵Χ󶼰ڷӣвˮСˣ±̨ܿʵ
ϷԨڶ¥Ϸߣˣ½ţ·ʮһʣµӰһϷԨׯǺ˳ֵܵ־ͬߡ
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·ʮһڴƹϣ˵ҼǵѾεһ˰ɡ
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˵ҿǸεƺǸݽɫⳡƴ˭ռϷδ嶤¡
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·ʮοɱ͸עʽռӡ
ϷԨָؽ棬̨ͣӰУʼˡ


21 
һ¿ȥֻ̨εԼʮ֮Զֽ໥Ҿſɳϵһ£˿ʼС
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·ʮﻹˮѼ⣬Ҳ۲һ̨ϵˣüʲôʱд趼һˣ
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½סߵ֡
ʱߴʧ״̬ջվ֮һ仰ллǣΪҪң
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߽ͷŤһߣȥҽ飬㰮ôôУ㣬㿪ľͺá
½ҡЦúǵ⡣


22 
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ͻȻһԴһϤ
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һ֪ׯҪݣֱӽׯֻýϷԨĵĬ˺ü飬žòô졣
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ϷԨüŶãһŵʵҲӦ֧ˮƽһʱ½ôǱ˶

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ӣ
˵Ӳģôأ

ҧأνķֻƾŸоĺһӽΪָ⵽˿ǲģʪһƬϢҲš
ȻûʵûȨһжǿ̸һжһжǾˮңɼ
ֻһһԼԻһЩʤ޵İο
ٳһţȼʱһжˡ
ֽżҪʧȥ֪ˣһһ󶾷ʹޱ鶼һѵ̬ʱϣڳˡ
ͣɵĳ̨лλŴչʾλ̨


23 
̨֪ЩǸεģԼ޹ء
˺Ͷĥ̨֧Լ˫ǰ
̨Ψһ·һͨİɽһͨڲýʣһ˿·ǳɵ·
ԤӦߵƵļ·ΪߵʧǱ
Ҳ֪˶ãһ̵ʹͻȻϮˮ߱һӿϵǿ豻ĥöɸǿֳһ㾫ܣֻӡ̽ġɡֵľʯԡ
ʯͷϢ
ԭѾ˿ɴš
ջطʯͷϵ֣ûʯͷһ˲ҪȥվԭزΣסΣȻټǰߡ
㣬ٿ㡣
ܱ˷Լܱ֪Լжǣε衣
˫ųǦֻƾԼ־еǰߡ
һߣϷԨߺԼһͬȥ衣
һ֮Ҳһͬǰȥ
ϷԨԼ˼費ȥɽĿͷǻɣҪɵĴš
ϷԨһ˼ӿŲ´ˡ
ڹ򲻸ˣȵϷԨϵɴŴĿԶһϤİ±Ӱ
ϷԨæ׷ϣȥ衣
̧Ƥ߲ε裬һ϶˵ҡȥһ˴ŵĵطҡЪһЪ
ϷԨüôˣ
轫ͷյϷԨߣ˿
ϷԨɫ䣬ת˲ţȻ¶ˣɵ·̱ȥɽĿͷҪԶɽֱɽۣ֮»ѡ߸á
ϷԨתͷŻһ˵ȥɽĿͷ
һִԼϣϷԨԼʮ·ͻȻһ
Ҫׯһͬȥ
һ˲ҷɣε跭һԾס˵·
ϷԨǰһӰ֪ǲǴϷԨÿԼϵ嶶һ¡
ε첽˼ǰ䶨ŲɨˣϷԨ϶ͣƬ̡
ϷԨ֪λشֻñմ
εş̌ͷεкιɣ
Żȥεɤͳͷׯˡ
ŵյָΧһֲסĽ
εƣϷԨҲ˾衣
ȴ̾һϷԨɿְɣεŻȥ
ϷԨ֮ɫ˼˷֡
΢ɲҡҡͷġ
ϲɫֻǱԼѾĥüҪʧȥǣԺֻһͷǾǧε֪Լж飬мǽС
ε轫ԼĶʵʵס裬ñӸ跢Ȼ֪衣
ε첽ɽ壬ȴȨ塣
ƽǾԲεģԼֳܱӶѣεϲˣ룬Լܳ·̱һ
Ҳ֪εҪȥԼʱҲûѡȨȥɡ
εܸܵʱĲɪεüһʱЩãȻѵԼһô
ε費ɼӿ˲
ƿţεԼĴϡ
ڴϣ΢ɨܾ֪εңΧĲһεķ񣬴Ӻ̴ɫĹϷõذ״ƿ˵ľƸ񴬾ٵ˿Ĵʣڴϵ廨Բ滨ľӣӡ
ͷͻȻʵ̿ͣɵĶԲԣ
εվһ֮ңλã˵ʲô
еׯ֪ΪׯׯȻͷŵ棬͵
Ļذһ˲֮ε軺˵ȷʵҡ
Ȼ㡣
Ϊͷƣε迴ϵı飬ε趢İ񷢹ڣһ֪ǽˣȿɱϳ֮һĿҡ
ǵȻԶ׼Ԥ֮еĽεô벻أΪĽʹҧвĵλھͰɱˡ
֪Ҳᡣ
ԣƺǶεĻ֮ԱǣΪ⡣
εµӾԲԼĻɫ˵Ҳ̫ȤˡҪƾҵľʵʤ㣬Ҫķڷĳ
Σ
͵̧ͷε裬һ󶾷ϳЦһ⧲ʹĥɲǼţֻصĴϢ
ε״üæʣô
ô˫ƽǰһ̶ˮƽƺŭ֮󷴵½Կյη䵭ƣôε費𣿡
ε׷ʣΪʲô㣿㲻ܶ㲻
䶼ǳŪΪʲô㲻֪𣿡
֪ԼĶҪ߳εţûȶԷشͱˡ
εšߣʱ򡭡ҲҪҡ𽵹𣿡ҧüأִһ˵ֻϧƺǳԲȿȡհɡȻһûסݺݿ˺ü¡
εɲǼȻûڿס°ͣǿԼߣָȻսʵҾˣ
Ȼأס°ʹۣε˫գ΢ᣬˮ֮εŻܴõʲô
áε˦ǯס°͵֣ƤͱѰ˰һЩеεµָӡԣһԼ»ع档
ãǾԸҵŹɽεˤŶȥ
迴űصغϣһƣص˴ϣغ˫


24 
ʹģֹĿɲ̡

һ˫°ͣϵĽ֯оµĴ廨ƣõѭѭյȴֱɽҰ򣬽һƶСҩǿӲԼ
ֽž޷֮ǿʣɿȼ
£ǶҩӶڵϵʪ޷ⶾԼÿʮ춼ᶾһΣʱ˺Ҳ㣬Ҫ˵رѰʵҲȻ
ⶾѹƹӰУ˴ߵʹһãڴҩĳɷ֣Ƕǰûй֮£ֻö֮ʱʹоͻǿңͬʱ߳ʱֽҰڲ޷Ƕǰз£ʹó˱ԺԲơ
ֻҪԶԶƷ£Ա㳹װѶ

һת迴ڵԼڽͷʧǵܣҡҡλΣ·һ̾Ҫڵء
ļǸӣ޷ģǼԺѰ֣
˼㯵ţֻ˫Ŀ룬:ҲԸʶ䣬ҪţҪʬš
ֻٿɫһ䣬ʹĥ壬˫üһҧأֿɼ֮Ψǿڵϣ˫ֺݺ߬סģԾ̤ʵȻһɿ鲼ϣýһ˿ͳΨһһѷõС
Ƥ⣬ʺĿѪҺ
ƤʿۺͶ۴ͥѪĳ嶯Ϻ۵׵ĲмҪȻճյЦˣһʤЦݣ㻹ǵ͹ҵ

תΪɫΪīɫƺ󡰰桱»貽ʱмҶĦǹ»ҰȻ
תѣŴ⿴һۣѾ˶ʱ
Ȼ˯ôá
ǵԼʧȥ֮䣬䤱һС꣬ʱ򣬺Ѿˣ·ճܵúܣܣҲùľʹĥ
Ѿĥ˽ꡣ
˼ˣجгѾõƬȿֺǰ֣趯˶ȣƿ˸ԼϵĽŴЩϢľջ˼
߲ŻǰֱؽʤҪֵᡣ
ڴϴϢ֪֮εҪһ²ܺãתһͨ˼Ѫĵطὣƿš
Ȼɡ
֮ǰȨɽ˵ʱε͸һΪ֤ͨȻųȥ׾٣費ܿ϶Լε費ɢ֮εûס
ǳϣһ·ͨ裬ɵĴʱȻһ̣û
ǰŸ̤ɵĵ̵שӭײһλĴæĳϣϣһȺӡ
Ͽ裬ƺȺ׵ľӿ˽죬æɻˣ
üʣôˣ
ļǵɽɽͷˣȫɱˣ
ʲô
輱æ׷ʣߺˣ
֪Ȩɣɺסڿͷ·ƽĽʿ׷ˣɱֿ϶Ӳǵ׷
ϣɵһɽԽߣײԽˣżȻ˽־ֻԩĿԷͥ


25 
֮ǰͣЪĿͷ
ֻкµʿһеһĿɴ۾ģе촽΢ţƺһ֮ǰ˵Щʲôһžʬ壬еһеǲӶնˣѪܱ¶õѪɢŨ̱ǵѪζ
ҵĵשѪδɣѪש׷죬ȾɺɫһѾˣ̡ͭ
ʹΪӰĻһҲټ˶ֶΡ
ʬѾۼ཭ͣͨҽʬļɣϸϸ鿴Ҳ嵨Ľὣεȥ׷
һںߡ
ϷԨΣա
ǰƵأԽϷߣ鲽̤ɽʽݶݼһվߴ߲ܹԶһ߾ӣһ߳ϷԨĿͷݶȥ
һĿ֮ĸɱֽУɫĶڱٶȲ죬ֻǽ·ɫҹɫΪһ塣
ڵĿͷھƣһҲ֪̿ͻӵһ
¹ڻһϣһ˪һзɣֻԭĸɵɱŷֱȻһ˳ϷԨڵķȥ
һΪʱӱ׷ɱһͷϷԨڵĿͷ롣
һһĶãƽ⣬סεͬʱסɱֵȥ֮󣬻һӷһԾ£أδһ㳾ҡ
ɱȵϷԨķǰ
ǽڣסһĿɱֽӣԼ֮ԽԽ
ɱҲ쿴ƿһţ˽ȥѸšȻȥԼķ䡣
һϷԨסͬһ
Ȼ˻δȫǻһ֮ǰСͿɵĿͷһ˰£ΪɽׯƵҩѾ˸߰˰ˣ߻һɱӴܵΣԱأƺ书輫ˣпԼҲ򲻹
һѾ˷ִ磬Ҫһ֮׽ɱȻѣǱɱֻ׽߱ɱִú޻֮ȴ޻̸֮
뵽ˣһŶ룬ͬʱ¹ĳС
Ϊ˲ϷԨɣһҶӲЯҲߵ֮ı
һץסɱֳʱһֱֱźɱֲȥɱֲеĽȥһĵϧûһһɱֱϡ
ȻӲĴУ
ô£
һһ˲뵶Ƥϵĸоྶͥ
ΨһĺһҶƺһϢǱ˵ĵ羪
ɱֲսƺѣһƾԼԷϤ̶ȣҽŹһ軵ʣǰһߣƾո߳ߣŴλöȥɱֻԱ軵ײǽϣ޴죬ȶѴһƬ촷ۡ
ұǼӴռױƵ·ɱִʻ粽һûγķбɱ֡
ʱŵĻ֮ٴεõ֤һ㡣
ɱżѣһʱõס
֮һͽŴţɱ룬ԱԼһ׽ɱ֡
ɱƺҲ˲ɱһͻ᳤ʱ䱻ڻһ£ȻƸҪͻһƴһһŻһֱֱȥʽɬ
һ߽ӱƣɽϵˣͬʱﲻɻɱ书ƺȷʵΪƷڽҲСĹܰѳ˾ɱ
ػض˼غϣڼɱһӴԱߵĻƻ䣬һϣҲ˶һѷ죬ɱֲСıӰӱ߷Ķ
·һƤӡ
ǧһ֮ʣһзģɱѣϾȥܵϵĶҲЩصƷ
ֻǱƤӣȵɱмҪպãͷڻһһʧӰ٣·޺ۡ
һ̧ɨȣɱԱһԾڵϴ򴰿ڴһʱżԱߣɱּ״ʼʩٴ򴰿ڣһٴιܽ軵ʣɱֻ֣һû뵽ǣɱӲһȻƴȥ
һ©һģߵһֻѾȨ·ĵغ򣬽ɱŰΧ
һһɱֽӦǲӣҪӴȥͻȻ߿ˡ
ò׷µٴΪɱִһͷȴϷԨ磬°ɫҹ飬һһ½ţվţսһ̬
һĵ½ŹԼĶæģȻһֻöԷ
½ţ磬㣡
½žٽȴδ´ɱֵ֣ɱأ
Ѿȥˡһص
½Ŷһۣȥ׷ϷԨֻϷԨͷӦ˾һ׷ȥ
벽½ǰ㣬һܾ̿ҵļһɳȥ֮ʱϷԨͻȻ̧ǵһ¡
½ŲϷԨǺ⡣
һҲס
ҹ°ɫǹ΢ƵĹ⣬ӣϵש׷죬ϵӡǽΪҵµĻɼѱһ߻ĵӣһص촷ۣѣһɫɢڵϣǻһ֮ϷԨǼ
ϷԨǰ½Ϊ˱ϷԨҲǰϷԨȻͣסٻ
һ˳ϷԨ¿ȥͷȻͷԷ£һƬհס
ˡ
Ϊɱֽˣߵӣ֮ǰǱƤӵˣĳһҳֻһҳдּ֣վؼһȻʮּȴظһ仰
ӹպϷԨ
ϷԨպѩָǱӣһĿ·ɻѩɵı׶Ԫףʲô


26 
ϷԨûһһٱ飬һûǡ
ϷԨԼ˺֮ٳһҲϷԨϵղſʼʣ⼸һÿ᳭һЩ֮ͰѲΪͻһʧǻһǧû뵽ǰ龰
֪ٳˣҲû꣬һڲΪʱ֮ȵİ취
ϷԨĿ棬ͣڻһϡ
Ŵ֮ʱգ˿̻һĺѾһ亹
Ҫ̸һ˵ǲС
ϷԨʼղӻһƶ֣ƺǲһκһ飬ܻ룬ǿԼϴ˿Ѿһ
һͷƤ飬µ߬һλӹĴҵġ
ϷԨڿƿӵĿ⣬ͷƤӵַɿط˷ҳǰһּ
ȷʵǻһּ
½һԺ쳤˲ӣΪãҲľӡ
һ۾˵һַϷԨץׯաԼʱ;ɽʱⴳɽȴġӦ󷨣󷨱仯ˣټҲмܣɻȡ
ϷԨĵؿŷƵֽϵּʵһֱڱ˼⡣
ʱҲ˵Լ뿪Ϊɽׯûõʱ
Ҹм㣬ʻҪαľ֮˵ҲҪǰȥݣԵȣȻʿʼϳ֮ңлׯ
ϷԨƿƤƳ˻һһִۣǰּʣΪεڶûиң
ϷԨԼһǸҲڱô˵ҲÿׯʱģʱΪ·д̿ͣҴȵŰ֮ٸæд飬һϵڡ
ԭˡϷԨͷƤӺϣ˳պãл
һȥϷԨ飬ֻϷԨϺޱ飬Ҳ֪ǲˡ
һ£źա
һߣϷԨⱾӵȥҪ뿪ľ
ûйأȨɵҲֻϷԨע⣬ϷԨתͷԼӼæ˵ׯεأׯɽǰȥȨɵ̳źŶڹͬɱֵ飡
Ȩɵǰ·ϷԨ½Ŷһۣ˼ǲɷɾ衣
һȨɵûֹԼ͸һͬǰȥ
ȵȨ̳ŷ̳Ѿۼ࣬ƽϷԲԲ̳ðʯ̨ף߳һߣסڿͷĽʿΧһȦҲţε谤վȦ㣬λãվλԶһЩԼ֮Զ
Ȧɱֵʬ壬ʬľƳϣѾժˣҲ࣬¶ɱֵװɫѣ˫ֽԴţƤ󣬳ɫϸңޱͭͷӡ
һ֮ߣһ۾ͿʬװȻ
ǳ˵Ŵ磡
һոڳסĿͷǼʬۼȻ
ȴŨƣ˷
ϷԨһٵλվ쵽εƺԼվĵطһۣϷԨţεͿʼдʡ
ϷԨԸ̣ε⼸ȵ˲ſʼԡ
ҹ˾ʱ߶ŴΣεĳ⡣ε蹰ҾϰƽУ̬ȳϿԶ׼ɱұΪδܼʱֹɲҾ磬ΪȨŵʧְҶȻ࣬պɵϼӷأ˵ʿһȨɵҽҽΣзɱе
Щɱֶųɱܿ˽˶Թֻ÷ڱڵĵϣֻ˵ãʵ뱱ڵĹϵ
˼ε˵ĳΪһҲûж˼ӣ׷ױʾ
εˣ
ҲңлεŰ

εʾҰּ˵ҷģɳ˱Ȩ࣬ɣΪɽׯׯҲڳԪµķɣȹȻûɽҲ˵ǰ⼸绢ศɣȻôѣ
ε賯ϷԨڵĵطȥʵ˵ׯ
һ˫ء
ܲץסĻ֣ڱΪɽׯׯݡ
ϷԨ͵£ݣǲαݣ߷̫ߡҪΪɽׯ߽ݷɣ᷽ࡣ
ԣϷԨεĿģεֱڽɢԼĴԣҥټٷֲ壬ôҶŷЧֻеŽڴСɵԼΪׯݣŻ˾֪
ϷԨͷǣҶȻȫЭڣҵĻף
ϷԨЦøε裬Լ̳˼£Ϊɽׯһѡ


27 
ܵ˷ĴӵĿ⣬ϷԨһ׵ز׽Լйص˽
ׯˣ
ΪɽׯǲΪҪ
⽭ֻ֮ȶˣ

Щɵģ˵ϷԨֻһ͹ȥͣ޷͡⽭һϷԨֻҪʲô˵һ£Ϊɽׯԭڽָİ汾е߼ܣ֤ףϷԨǵߣֻԼҲҪˡ
εϷԨϣ˾ɱɱŵ·ǳ·ܼҿˡ
ˣεһԵĹܼңȻתͷλʿЩɱǵǼסˡ
Ҳ˵ʮ֮г˾ɱ֣ɱֽϾɱɱǷΪҲ¶ԣһ裬˼ܣٱҲ׾ǰžʬ岢ݡ
ȨɵҽϸϸʬϲûдƤߣֻܸı٣ܸıΡλɱּȻӵǼס죬óʣ¾˶ɾ裬ûлݣǼ򵥵ݾġ
ɵءһǳڶͬʱ־Ÿڹǲ̫һЩǳ˱ˣʣµĳ˷ֵģελʲôܿԳԣҼ˼棬ȡղƼ£
˽ͷӶ۷׷ס
ϷԨԼ治ԶҶȥƹܣȻԴţżҲױȡǽܻǲ㣬ҪϷԨ̧̣͵͵ߡ
ȴεۼֿһץסӡ
εָ߬󴦣֮ʹżȻۡ
ҪȥģεŤͷѹɤ׼ߡ
صһۣվûε˼վԭش
۵ҼʼûԸǰָԽ
ֱһóǲŵȴǿάִԼ׳ĵ̳𡪡
ӡָһɱֵʬ壬ĲӺ֡
ǿš
̨ԶʱŽǰϷԨŷ֣ᣬڲ޵ѰҲʮ˾ӡҲ˵겻ŵλãضλ츳ˡ
Щŵָһʬ壬㿴ĹͷǡǺɫġ
½ҲȥǾʬĹͷļ򣬡û뵽ᣬе㱾µ
ܵŵˣȻĹ֮
ȺԼ̾ڿ۲ϸ¡
λɱǱĨӶֻ¶һСͷҹɫʣ׷ˣһԵǸһЩ˼·
Ȼ֮һλ޷߰׵ǰ
̺볤һӻƳۣס̴ľȣȶ״ľĲ飬̶ȥʬ忴һᣬͷ򥣬ӣֱۣȣȥ۲첱˿ڴ龰ǡħ̵İƤ
磬
ڳнʿˣȺԿʼɧͷӶ
ħ̲һʮǰôħаֽ
ǲǿˣ
׷̻վˣɫȾһԶϳϵű֤Ҿûп
ʿ󺧣⡭ˣ
г뽭С䣬ԭϳϣ
һλ֮¾ϣɼϵĵλ֮ߣ֮ϳҲнϳϼɡ
ħ̵İƤϳն
ε԰꣡
˰
ε轫ʿеɻħ̲ǰѾһټ𣿡
ϳϳ̾һҡͷ˪ѩ룬ֻǽҥһʮǰħɵĳħ֮ս˶սսħ̽ͽȷʵһغЩӵĺǹ͵ûвμӴսħ̽ͽȻⳡս©֮㡣
˵νһټʵħ̵ͷȫɱ¾
Ƥһٶǰʢнʱƽջʿ亦ϳϷ߷ߵƤǽ˵ƤõȥǣħҩˮƤҩˮݹ֮󣬱ýӲױΣùͷƤҩˮԺǿܿ뵽ͷͷȾڡƤ֮Ŀ϶õħҩķ䣬Ա֤֫ԡ
һĵѹָղŵɱϺӲɱҲ书ǿΪ͵ϮɹӦǳ˷˾Եʡ
ʬԭ˳ܰƤ֮ʹʹʧȥ־ЩڹǼƤܹ֮˵սէ볣죬Ϊħ̽ͽղԶȻЧаֶζ˵ʹ⣬Ϊħ̱Ҳɥ˭롪
ϳŹߣ߱˵˲ţ²⣬Щ뱱֮ǰѾħ̿ˡ
˺Ȼһʱ
Ī־ŵ̳ÿһղĬԭΪֻһ˽˶ԹΪڽǵʲôˣŲɱ׷ɱȻڲŷ֣ⳡɱԵˣĻǱûڴ˵˿ȴѾħ̡


28 
һֲĴɱĻһĴҲΪҹɫضʱһ䣬£Ⱥ׷ɢɽȥ
εųŵбڵĵѲ߱ҲɵȺߡ
Ҳ޵ʱˡ
ֻεһԲü˼ȵ̳ϵɢ˸߰˰ˣŴԷ
εŨҹɫͷʴڸǣʼûзſ߬סģߣһͻĻҲԸ˵߾ɶԷߡ
Щʱ뽫ε账յ˼ȥȥȨɹŵҽȡһ˵ҩ裬˺һҽҩ衣
εҩƿûȣųϢὣȨɵɽò׽˺ɱ֣ŷʬľĵɽʱɽ衣
֪֪Լ
εȥǰȻ輸仰̣޷侲Գ֣Ҳܸ֪״̬ȷʵ£
εԼߵļûзԸȨɵ˰סҪܡ
ۣεԼͼȦһֻӥӥҵĺܣôҲѱ岻ãвˣͷʩҲãڽ˿Ϊ飬ΪȫӥԽɽӹƣ˺ѹҰãʳߣҪΥԣڷʳ裬ѹֵ˼±ᱬҲҪɡ
ԼһȨƣ˵¶ˮԵòԲΪε˿һֻ˿ȸ
εصԼңӵϡ
ҵ˿ϲǺۣ෴ǿѹȵʧˣһ
ֻε豳ֱ۶һ£һ˲εתѹԼϣ貢ãֻľƣεҪʲô
Ƿ༥ļ仰ԼֻҪ֪ʲô˵ʲô˵ͺá
ε趢µ۾۾ȴβֻˣΚεѾϤ壬֪.УʵһĶѾ˶ķӦ
εʹ˫ʼûϵ۾һ½֮侲Գ֣ԵԼŪڹ֮䡣
ȷʵֵߵѵĽεͶʵУѪҺĹԭʼҰε볹ǰˡ
뿴Ϊ޷԰εӡ
豻ε£ÿһЩҼǵεεˬӦôεҪ𣿡
ε˼ĳ֮ʴϣ˼عʵεﴽһˣʱ룬Ѿǵڶˡ
һһʱ֪ηֻûصε衣
˷ŭҲһȤε䣬ȻεδȫòѾĵ¶ԣǸˡ
εͫ׿ǹǴǣͣͣžݶײԼģεͻȻȥĴꡪ
ƺԤϣѸƫͷܿżӴĲΧӣһ޳Ĳ¶εǰεƼˮ꣬ȡ裬Ѱ֣ǾͲˣŷֲ⣬εżϷݽȥ
˼Բֻǽ׹ϵﲻҪִ·ǡ
εһٱϣŭЦǷ곡Ϸһһ㣬ֺأ
򴽰꣬ҺεţεŲ飬Ҳ޷
Ŷˡεɫ˫
ǼЦ볰ΨûԼҪҵĶ
·Ҫأεɿһֻ֣Ĵָʳָָ°ͣǿнͷ
˫۾ٿԲε衣
εҲȥ˿أѹͷµĺɫҩ͵Է䣬ȻͻȻͷҧһĺᡣ
⧲΢˳ͷǻҩ˳ʺ¡

εԼĿĴﵽǯƵҲЩ費ѿԭ°͵·ŻضԷ󴦣˫ֵָϡ
ŭĿԲιʲô
ǰֻҩЧãһĲܶãڸεĻᣬε轫˫ָϣ֮ǰΪ˷ѧһЩƤëҽɬͽҲ˵ӣôʱ
εĴɣȴδ¶֣Цҩô
ƤЦⲻЦεŲϧԶڿУһԧ죿
εһ˲ƺ˼ĻЦǵҲ
Ȼε費Ź
ε豻ķӦȡãЦҲ׽Ū˵ҩ
˯ҽ㡣εٿһ˦˷𣬴յߣӵҧһ¶ԷĶ
֮һ
ε߽Ϣ貱ϣҪǱҷӣҾǲ˯ҲҪܳ²Ŵԡ
ȻεӴһɣѯ
ֱε裬ֱǷ۰ǽڣлͶ·ֻùԹ˯屻Ķë˿ܿﴦһů⣬֪ει˵ҩˡ
һ°֮»˳Ŵ϶ڣڵϽ˱һ˪


29 
Ȼĳ¼Ļ̻̣ǽдСȨ࣬ɵԾԾԣվյıԵĵú죬ȫעԭ޶Ϊһ´š
ѾɵҹǰȥݣԸ֪ȥ
ڶգ̨ĸ¥ǰμӵĽʿۿɼ࣬ʿиƽҲһʿ֮ΪбڵıӻȻԼɸӰȫ·;֪ı̫࣬ǱڱڣԲӦ䡣
ĵѹ̨Ͽգϡ˳
ϷԨ֪֮͵͵һСīдһż㣬ڻ֮С½ϷԨиҺκΣءԪ׵飬ϷԨҪдȷһġ
һãܹԼ޵ٶȼọ̈̄ʱʮĻźܿˡ
ϷԨͨŵݣʮ˼ǣԼ뿪ΪɽׯʱӹȷʵȥׯڣǷʮҲ⣬һ˿Ϊɽׯ
ϷԨŻӣ˵ο̨ϵĺ򣬽žŻճɻҽֽһѸٱɺڻɫȻʼϷԨųĵԪ׺ݡ
ԼҶˣϷԨĬ
ֻֽͭУϷԨ˵ʲôôʵľϷԨƿֻһֻľƲӥľ㣬ǶľĵĻɫΪ飬צӺͳ򴦵Ĺؽîṹ棬Լŵһֻ
ϷԨӥȡ£óԼģȻֽתȦֽתȦӥ֮λõһԲͲ״ֽϷԨ֮򿪣չƽ
űҪϷԨֻɨһŵĳȣüͷһΪһд˵Ļõıϸ㡪
ɱׯĴ̿εˣҲ˾̽Ϊɽׯʵ뵱ׯׯй¶һ£ҲȷûεӣׯҲҪСģвɷɾ衣ʮպд⣬Ȩɵһһдһ䣬ׯȥһҡԪ
ϷԨü˼ȷʵһɱаٺһݾߡûԪ׳ȣԼҲһغһƤˡ
ε赱˵ҴԼΪɽׯׯݣͲѡҰеΪɽׯдϣεô޷ǾȨ书ǿʹڰȨɲ½ˣвС
ϷԨȨö֮ضŸɣµǶԷˣУȻε費м汳һ׵СԼ趼һЩҪʱĵ
ȻһЩεǰƺõģչֳӡ
ϷԨ׼š
ׯǰȥԪһˣΪɽׯڽеԼܴԪ·ɿ֪һЩڡԪľ¡
⣬һƣ԰ׯֱׯûͽУͽǸׯǰݵӰׯΪɽׯӰ˼ɣׯܽѡķΧСֻһҪߵ㣬ԷףׯҲżεĿǰͬһսߣδ֮ǰٶΪɽׯ֮¡
ڴ˼ƵݣϷԨͷһ¿ȥֻ֣֮ϷԨ˼˰Σ˼ȷʵС
һ飬ϷԨִͷĬһ飬ȷԼûп©˼ŽŷϣŰֻֽΪҽ
ϷԨͣϵ𽥷ſգԤԣԪһʮ꣬ħ˼䡱ԼϷԨڳħս
Ѿħа˵ħָӦħԽɵķʽǰ
˼ˣϷԨ㷲ħֻʣ꣬ħ̵·񣬴ԼԽԽ꾿ᷢʲôħħ̺ɰľ𣬾Ƽ䲻ݷڶγħսϲ̫ãԼٻ϶ٸȥ
ϷԨٻҲ޷֮¡ڤڤ֮עδĽ֡
ϷԨۣǳĳһ¾ɵƬΡ
谵᷿˽Ǹǰ׵Լڸ˼͵ϣǰĺḷ̌ͭǮƹƵĹףư׺ڳɫʯ
˼˫§ʱϷԨϵпʮԣٰʮسԴǣسسǣϵǣ⡭
Ī󣬾Īԡ
ϷԨ۾Բϵֱīߣɰɫīɫ֣ЩϵãЩûѧ˵ʲôѽ
ռ
ʲôռ
š˼Լ˼һԤ֪δķʽͨԤ⽫ᷢ顣
Ǻ氡ϷԨҲҪѧ
ٴһЩġ˼Ͳ֪뵽ʲôĿɫȻϷԨаЦݻĺᣬһռϢϢأԶ޷ѵġ
ǰСϷԨЦ˼͵Ļ֪仰ζʲô˼ͼ״ɵ⾰ɫɫãһͨռԤֻ֪أеñʧ֪Ĵ۾ǣ֪Լˣȴ޷ѣֻżȶһƽԤΪԡ
СϷԨȥ˼͵ĸпָʣʲô
˼ʹԼгŴȰĿ⿴ϷԨͷķ٣ȻĿתƵԷཱུʳָһسŵģس


30 
סͷѾ˷׼˲ιۣǲѵľˣεҲպ磬ž߿˽ɵҽ߱о
֮ҽɱĪʬҩԴѰħ̵ټʧΪһеİ취εͷǹ¹أȲˣɷҽĹֻʱա
պǰȥغһܲĿɵӼˣһϢﱻˡ
ɵȥʱʬڣڱǴиõѪˮʬζȻʼãΪ׵Ŀɵӻ˵ķҽҽʬ֮˵ЩʬԼ߰ǰõɱġ
֮߰ǰҲǴԼҲǳﱻɱһҲ˵һҹ֮䱻š
鲢δţֻŵĵӺţ֪ϷԨǴõϢ
ûв͸ǽ²ţ´ǧϷԨƣ¾ͻ˸顣
ΪλᱻħţǶԹأħıѾã
ϷԨҪһݽɷֲĵͼһһʮǰĵͼСϸϸо
дϷԨѾȥˣɵټĵظɻǵڶʹⳡ̨
ɵͼֽѾ˻ƣīǱȽǺ˸ݽʷԼ׫ģǶԱϵͼġģӦò
ӾɵͼϿ֪ħ̵ַݣݣмһƺӣüأѾӽ˷һԶ
ϷԨʱʲôŵֻ÷˳ϣ˿軻һǶȡ
ϷԨԼ˼ӿܵĽǶأϳϵ˵Ƥ˹Ǽҩ䣬ҩıϾҪģ֪άְƤҩĶҪһΣٸϢƶϳǾǺʱƤҩģǶʱ;ĵ򣬴ԼҵĴħټȻ˾ں룬ô˵Ǹ˼·
ϷԨʮһʮߵȥ飬ͬʱҲдȥ裬ûȵʮһ鵽ʲôҪϢĻˣд
ǰƤҪÿҩˮ͸һ飬ܱƤãҩҲÿһ
˴ӳ֮ھȻħ֮ͽд迪ʼǰһıڣٱ֮ڱܿҩ滻ʵ㣬һջҪټȥһգΧСھĵط
ϷԨдżʮһȥڵ·ߡ
֮²ɵģϷԨûűʾԼдȥд軹а죬ýŲҰһħʼƲ֮ԺԺҲ㲻ӲȻգϷԨ֪ԤԼڳħսҲηˡ
˵á
ʱʮһ˻˳е·ߣϳǰ·Ҳգոճ˼ݣ;ݵȵء
һʮ߸ʮ߸ǽͼϸȦصͣЪ򣬲ע˿ջݵ֡
Ȼħ̵İƤ˽һ
ʮһֵׯ˵˿еõһЩϢҲ߷ݸأòһЩȷеĽۣİǰĹżҲֻСԪʷ¼ĳħ֮սһƪἰҲֻд˿ܵģص㣬ûἰα
ƤħȻ͸¶̫磬ʮһ˲鲻Ҳ֮УϷԨ£ѾϢˡ
ϷԨʮһȥ֪ͨһ´ңǽ̣·߾Ͱճʱ·ߡ
ϷԨصԼԷںľϻĳ¼ԤԵĲӣһһӡȫúȴÿյľһƤӡǻһԪ״ԼϷԨ֪ü򵽲ټľϻӣҪ̾һƤӷŵԼ
͵룬һлΪɽׯأϷԨοԼ
ҹīɫŨϷԨȴֶ룬ͣСſڣȴ̣ϷԨŽͭĴϣӦеġ
ϷԨʵ㲻ε֪
ׯҪȥһħ̽ͽټֲʲôݺȨɵıơ飬Ȼ֪ԽԽá豾Цģ֪뵽ʲôЦ𽥱øڱ棬ڼЦħ̽ͽϧֻԸ־ɳǣЭսЩ˾𡣡
ϷԨ⼸һֱΪħ̵龫ǣƣһϷԨȻԼ֮ǰµʣ˼Ƭ̻ǳԼǰʵ֪Ƥҩһ
붼û룬ʵҪ𣿡
ֻ֪Ϣͺˡ̲ҪҪ𣿡
ֿʼӱ⣬ʣͺ֮ǰᵽϵľ綾һ㣬ϷԨ˫ɫףһΣϷԨֱ޷ʳܡ
ϷԨɵЦµӰһ춼ûнŵϢͨ
⵹ҲǣׯˡЦǳӳɵ죬ĿܵʬѾʼãұ֪Щܳա
·ͻȻʱׯȥԪҲԡҾɫϵͷĻһƬׯأСģڴԤףׯջۡ
ϷԨҾ˵˾׻֮
迴ϷԨֿʼѹ᫵ɽС·˵ĳ־ʹ˿ʼתһйֽ;ͬ飬ȶʼ׷ӿƫһǡ
ͷζЦ˼ЦԳǿοȻЦޱɽȥʱֵ
ϷԨϨ˳еİ㣬ϷԨһϰ㣬ﲻ̤ʵ
˵־ٴڶ߻죬ϷԨüϸϸĥĻô붼ﲻԡ
ȷʵԣԼ㱻ƽȥˡ


31 
˵ɵʼãƳÿҪһҩģΪ貢֪һθܻҩʲôʱ򡣼ǰܱ»ҩģôܾÿҪ»һΡ
ͲǴ򵽹ƶϣ豾֪
෴֪ɵĵƤѾʼˣôǰգǳǰһ㲻ҲȻħ̵ǰž߿ܻҩġ
ԸͲҳǰеĵطֻҪǰһ·ɣһƥһյг̴ԼΪʮһΧСˣ
ϷԨ΢˼⣬Ȼ֪ЩΪֲԸֱ˵ҪԼ˷ʱ˷Ѿ˳·ң
ǶԽĮģԼ鵽ʲô֪Щʲô
ϷԨ뵽ʼвԼʱ˵Ǿ䡰˺ᣬռԤ֪Ȼ˵дԼˣϷԨǲ裬˲϶ţһһͳȫֵĵȻη
ƵıʹڵҹзŻҰɫ»·һɫ˿̤ɽʯӵϣ֮ʺҡΣżиO@ķ೤èС
ǰдԼ·֮ͻȻұۣϷԨ佣Զ֣ļͷƼžҶ϶ǰȥ
ǵߺˣ
ĽҶҶĦǹϸķֻһӰںһԾƽС
ǻһ
ģо֮ɫ࡭
·ʮҲʵʲô
ΪɽׯӰ书Ȼ˶٣һ֪ԼβϷԨȻᱻֻ֣¶ٻǱԼĸһЩԼ벻һǡɣ˵Ļɣʲôɲǡ
һҧҧҵׯΣ
½˾úЦׯһӰصġ
½Ŷһ٣ü˼״Ȼ˵֮ⲻھƣͼ
½Żл˵ҲͬѰ˶½ŵ˼ҲЦ
һԾЩգƤߺҹɫڣ˲
½ż٩ѽϣǲǺˣ汻Ҳˣ
½šϷԨǳųᴫ
ϷԨƿരӣ˵֮û½ſԺԻѵһͬǰУȻܣ·ͬ·;ۡ
һľнϱһڲϷԨ
ϷԨɢۻһΣ·ڴϷԨƤŻһӾúЦﴽ˾нҲʲôϹŰ塣
һ˶ӣʹѾǵڶׯͬһϰʹȻȴǷɲϷԨǳǳЦƤһ顣
һֻùҶתƻ⣬ͷӰͳһ񷢹ڣ˶ϷԨλεĿ⣬֮ǰʱҼׯķڱ䴩֮Ҳû÷ڣڱׯлׯС֮
ϷԨһ㶣Ȼ󷢹ھͱһΪװУг̴æ⼸ձڶߴûй˵Ϸڵ飬˭뵽ȻԪע⵽
ֻǷڴԼָߣ͸ŵɫɫ֮ϵͼϳˣ嵭ţͦϷԨƷζϷԨ֮аڵԡ
˵ĵ٩ᣴһôڶˣ˰
ֻΪϷ룬û˷Ϸ롣½ŸŰǻ˵Ǽϰףǰڶ͸˵ġ
½šϷԨЦݣǳµǮûˡ
еӰֻЦƽһҲ𴽽ǣЦЦ
ϷԨҲ֪Լ½һһͣ˵ˣ㲻
ϷԨ͵½Ϲ˵СΪɽׯԼĶ˸ɾ˵ǵ÷ˣڲء
һҡͷ¡½Ҳ˵˼ЦҲġ
½һҲ˵˳Ͽׯ飬ҲһǮûˣġ
ϷԨڻһǰ˵ںԣûǮұ˽裬Ǻû˵ˣҲġ
ϷԨһ˵һͣŵǳɽԲﴦĸ˿ջ˵ǳЪš
ϵջѾ֮ʱ˶죬һ첽ߵ̨ǰʿջƹ񡪡
ƹģԼ߰ǰи·ʿջЪϢһƹǵ˵ǳˣĽˣססӣմմЩ˵ϵľУͶҰԸ⸶˫ļǮ
ƹɽҡͷţš
һ飬ţֺһ䣬إһ䣬ûţǳסģҵ˱϶ء
ϣллƹ񡣡ʣס˶ã˵ʱԽ֮µԽء
ƹ˼Ƭ̵ûǴֻס˴Լʱ͸·ˡҵʱ˰ΣסʱѾ죬ƽ֮ʱˡ
һ
ϷԨ˽һɫֻʱʱ䣬üᶯܻһҩ𣿶һҪҹ˾˵¡


32 
ͣڿջǰƥƹǣȥ˿ջǡ
ľʵķƣ̤¥ݶϣľʵ¥ݲȥ֨ѽ죬ľ岢ûι̶ŽŲ΢°ڶʧޣҲĵȻ֮ϷԨ˵ķƲֺһֺإһ䣬һȺղȥ䷿
Ҫһʲô֮
ϷԨһֱŵ·ʮαװԪ׵Ļһͬȥֺһ䣬ʣµȥֺإһ䡣
ƹԣֺŶ˫˼䡣
ϷԨŶ룬ֻм滨ľĴ齣ֱ߿ǽһװ·ľϻֱ߰Բκľ񻨵ӣϰһذ״ƿһɰ豭һЩϴþߣ䲼õúأ׳Լò˶á
ο°빦
ϷԨֱӴŵֱ˳ǽߣָɫǽڣһأҲûзŹשκһϸڣƬ̺װϻӣ״ƿɰߣľǶˣҲһ飬ڴϵƿҲϸϸ鿴ջ
һԵȻҲһӡ
ϷԨĵȻҪף˵㽫ƿҿûʲô
·ʮվ˫ץҪѿϷԨæСһЩ𾪶ƹ񡣡
һԵĻһǰ·ʮһץ齵һͷһһԡ
߽Ϣ񣬶һ
ֻǽ齽֮мɫĺۼɫǽҲһͻأ죬Ѫñ齵Χӵסˣƿܿ
˴սƣֻǽϻֻ֣ǵּۣѾģ
½Ŷģּȴ˳Ĭף
ʲô˼
½˵֮ҲԼĲ²϶ԣͷӦò֣Ϲ˵Ĺ
ٴžԵڱƵǽϡ
һüͷ΢壬˹ļžǲǡӡ
һԼȳϷԨٿҵĵۣȻҲúͷˣ෴һһˣϷԨ˵۵һ֮Ҫסּ˵е
½Ź֣
˱Ҫһۣľűõ죬ֻСŴֽƹҪЩˮ
С˵ּ죬·һ̾ҪûֱӴŨҹɫϷԨһʼŵʱͼǵýŴϣСƺҪֱŶ롣
ϷԨһʾӰ齷Żԭλͬʱſһ죬˵лˮͺãûˡ
˵ϷԨˣСӦ̾ߣǶԷ̽ͷ̽Կۣ֤ϷԨ֮ǰĲ룬С˺ܿƹ̽ڸʲôġ
ȻҶƹ񲻻书ΪһʧǲܷŹκһ
ϷԨŹϣŤͷӰԸƹйŹ֣Ȱץ
һӺ
˽Ծۼֺһ䣬ƹ񱻰Ȧϣ˫ֱһľʧɫ
ƹǸʶġͳŵ棬Ȼٿ˼£һƬ
廨ƹ£ûӿ־гѾоһѱСԼϣ·һ˲ҪƤ⣬Ѫ顣
ʵ֪˵үүóöҪǲ˵ұιҩԣܡ
ƹ־ּ˵˵ʲô֪ʲô

ƹȻŵֱֻԥһ˲˵ȴֲ˵ĥĥ䡣
˼״Сֵøˣĵԣ·һҪƤ⣬һѪۡ
ƹ已̥סвæеúúã˵˵
飬Ҷ˵ȫ˵
ƹ˵ҲһʼǮʱͰǰԲңĳҵҵô꣬ôҲû뵽ɱ˵䵽ͷˣ֪ʲôû˵ģңԣҶˣҶˣɱҡ
˺ǳ˵
󣬴Լ֮߰ǰһ֮ҷи˲ڴ£һ·ޣǴһ֪ǳˣıϢûˣˣ
Һµýæ֮һѪȻҸزݲˡҷǽϻп֣õּˡ
ŵֲɣ֣
ǡǡӡ
ϷԨ븵˶һۣԪ׵Ĳ²Ȼû
Ϊβ٣ϷԨ׷ʡ
ĸұٰһ٣ܿݶ֪ҵĿջˣħҪɽ𣬾ʱĿջ£˭סƹ˵£Ҳţ»ҵ⣡
ϷԨʣĲɱģ
ƹһĵƣ˶첲ŷԼֱסˣãֻգ˵þɱģҷ˵аԣӾȫҲú
½Űⶾ˵Ѿ˸߰˰ˣϲɫʵʬģȥһ
ɿ˼ƹϵĵ̳һ
ƹɰ֮ϷԨһ˵˺Ժһ鳤Ӳݵķ˵ԣƹŵϸдʣƺڼ㲽ת˰죬ͣ˽ŲͷָŽһ˵
͸˶£õʼ
Ƭ̺ʬֱ©˳õƤͷǰɫġ
ɫҲ˵ǿܵʬ壬ĳеһԱ


33 
½Ҳǰ˱ǵʬʬæС죬ûҵʲôؼɵ㣬Ҳûзƹìܵĵط
ϷԨǷǣԼĪǰƹϵ
֮ǰƹԼ£˵Լܸ˿ջгʬ飬ƹҲҪԼ٣ƹ֪Լⲻ˵ȵףϲȻӦϷԨһ˳ǰһɵĵطҲǳͣõĵطݺպķ֮أ¥
ϷԨĿ廨ϣǻһĿǰյǿƵ飬һֱ޷ϷԨԺﴮϷԨ˼ȥԼĵطǱʻһãǾ䡮ӡ˭д˭ģ
һشúܿ죬Ӧ֮ǰ⣬ϸϸ۲֣Ȼҵĵ£ԼֵܹдĴæʻغᣬҴ󵨲²һ£Ǿʬǰдʣ¾ˣԾʾҪߵĿܣֻϧ˲ûз֣˿ջƹˡ
һˣ˲𣿡ϷԨʡ
һҡͷҾͲ֪ˣǳﱾڲìܣһҲĮġ֪ݵ̫ã˶Գɵӵ۶Ű裬֮ıʡ
ӱޣһȦ̤·שϵҹԼͬ򻧵ܿ͵˻¥ڵķн紦
ϷԨüݳʮͣ£ͣڻ¥ƫƧĽΧʯͷ򵥰һ󣬽˶ڡ
ϷԨȵʮһϢ˶ȥ¥
ȥ¥ǵ¥½˲ҡͷп˻Ǽ͡
ϸϷԨǵòʮһǵʮһ˵һ˵ͻ¥
ʮһһʮˣȥ˻¥ͬһڶʱֲ뿪˵гһˣЪ˻¥˪ķ־͹λ˪صúܣɴ˼ȫòŲգؽһҹӿͣЩݵ֮µĴٹ͸ġλȴĳʿǿܻǻˣֻе˪Լ֪ˡ
ʮһڶ¥Ϻȵ¥ڹ̸ʫ͹ǱݵģµߵϢ˾֮˯һϣڼû뿪ԿųǿܵĿԡ
ʣʮˣеȥ֬¥еȥϷݣеطȥˡ
롣½Ų쾪ȥģ
¥һΪһŮҵ⣬Խ֬¥һΪ֮õĿ͹ṩǽϷݡ¥ҲֻƤ⣬Ҳ˳̸ʫʸ踳зɻͶ֪Ի¥¥ȻΪ¥дľǡ¥ɫڻ룬Ϭ־͹벻ע⵽ѣǸѾ˻ֵĹ۸С
ϷԨһԼĵ⣺ʮһ֪ʮ˷ֱȥļλ͹ӵķ
ׯֻý罹÷ӣʣµȥ¾Ͳ鲻ˡ
ϷԨ˼ζֿܣһоڻ¥ɿܡ¥֮ǰѾоܣڻ¥ܻҩģǲô¥ħ̵˳û¥ǱȥɣҲҪ飬Ҫúõزһ顣
½ͷСףׯ֮
ȵȡһͻȻֻʮžʬ壡
˿ջƹҲ˵ͣڿջֻʮλʮһȷȥ¥ĳжʮ𣿡
ʮһڻ¥˵һһȺһȻжʮˣ˺һ
һַ°ϣҲ˵һڻ¥ʧˡ
һԵ绨ѩصĻ¥Ī⣬һλʧٵĳʿǣĶԹǸӽӽħ̸ܵĺģһĳĬյΧĿС
Ϊֻһ飬ɣһһ˵Ļ룬Ǽпһս
֮Уƺ뵽ʲôʵԿ˵ȥ𣿡
Ȼ˲δ˪ȫòɼǸ滻ѡϷԨ
䣬½æʣаŮװ𣿣
ϷԨǡ
ȻӰΪׯɽǣ漰аŮװһˣӰɫŤ£˵ݣϷԨһɨȥǶ̬ܶûȻϷԨתɫʵѡǱϷԨ࿴۵ӰԶ׼ɫһ
ҲԼͬصȴϷԨԵߺȻӧȥɡ
½ԴʧɫСССߣҪȥ˪
Ƴ½һۣ
½ҡͷҡ֣ҡǴ˿ѾҡˣûûûĸңСΪǽĺƽɫ࣡
ˣɫࣿ
߲ȥ½ţϳ˵˵㣬û˵ư͡
½ôһ֣ŽѹֵջһЩҲЦ
ϷԨ˵ʮһʮȥϷݣʣµȥ֬¥Ҽ£СġһΪ׼鼱֮ʱʹãмȨףҪɽڣûա


34 
һ죬¥תΧ˼˵֦ҹƮ裬繷ҹɫȳӹ׵֬͸¶һ˿ľ¥еʽݶ뱳ҹɫںϳһƬ޹⣬¹ɫĳͲεҫۣȻ޵ĵƻӳҶпдġ¥֡
ϷԨķԸΪɽׯڲͬʱȥ¥ùעĿ
½Էŵװ𸻼ҹľɣֻ½һ̴ľ¹ͼӣ»һĺգͺ˿½ҡӵĶڰػز
¿̤żĨźһ֬۵ĵЦӭǰȥʵƨɣӴӣ¿Ͱʹȥ֬¥ȥϷݣ
½Ŵӻͳӣ۵ҪҲ֪ºϷԨ᲻ᲹȴЦء
Ц˫ֽӹϵӶһ
½Žӡৡһһֵֻģӱ½Ź˵үŮͨԣزɣҲط˼дңСүҪȻҡ
ϡЦţֽȥд½ţ½ҡҡֱʾ뿪
¥ڵװҪԺɫͽΪɫĳй¥ݷֺľͷϣÿ϶ĸ½ʧΪšɫڻ롱ŵĻ¥᲻ʣһ¥ôͥû뵽ס
½ŷ¥ݶϣֻ¥ϷżŰС˺Ⱦ֣°µĹ໥ҲӵұڻĹˣҡ
¥һڵķ̨̨мһñŮӣ°ɴס񻣬һ˫һ´£ַ٣תʱ߿ʱġ
ȵһˣͣеľƱǱīƣ½žֱ߹ȥͣ˹ǰ޵ա
š
½ʵԸȥҹ̸Ц
δȹзӦ½Ѿ˱ԹԼָָ㡪
λúܣİɣǲ֪˪ղϹأôߣ
˸͵Ǿǡ
λҲ߯Щ
½תͷ⣬Ц𲻴ӦǾҪ˪˼ˡ
ֻһذȹ˪Ů˵ͷ
½űҶˣòѯʣδвԸĽסˣգ
½Ͼȥܱ˵ľһ˪ϣճ˪ϸԵùŲѣȡ
˲ߵ½Ż֣봰صʵʵˣͣ½ŴսŮӶСߡ
߶Ѿ÷·һ˲ҪγѪ֪ſң
½ż߷磬СΪǿⲻ㱻ĺɫˣ޷
ǿšһʾ⡣
Ǳ½ִսһ㣬㶼Ҫ߶ȥˡ
߽ӣ½ż˵
Ůˣ̬̬뻯ټҲһ
½ÿ³һ֣߾;Լϸ˼֡
Ҫ˵Ψһģֻ߲һ΢½ЦһΪСܣץһˡСүһһڼʱ䣬Ǿͺúòһ˪ӡ
½ɿ֣ʹһɫߣȻ߲Ļأ߿ʼд
ùúź㣬ҷģӱȻҹʴꡪ
½ģŮҲΩΩΡ
ӡ㡪
һЩĥʱҵĴϢƺϣ߲֪ǲΪ·ԭ࣬żȻ½ŵ߶ϣԷ˫ȡЦζԣ߻̵Ķ϶ͣһ˲


35 
һߣϷԨһԲ˿ۣ񣬴˿ҪȥĵطϷгƵ÷Ӵ
ϷԨ¥ǰʮһʮҲҪȥһ÷ӣܡ
ֻϷԨҵõ÷ӵġʶ
ϷԨһ߰һ÷治ףһ߹ؽߵŶ롣
ĸ罫һΪѬڣϵͼǰ׺ɫ÷ѩʢţһת̣߸衣
ϷԨԼɼ֮ĺӰ
ϷԨվ⣬ɫػܣ÷Ӹٵ󰵺ɱ֮β೤˵þãƺһ书ģһϷݵСݻ书̫
һˣϷԨټΣߵ󣬱߱߿޵÷գɷһ
ʲô

ϷԨ˵һӣⲢ٣վ÷ӵǰȥٵָ֣ؽڴм룬¥СӦʲôػôм룿ѵԼ÷书Ĳ²ǶԵģ
ϷԨװڷȥżһϵմɻƿװڣʵѰһأܻҩģҪһزŶԣҩô˹ֱӴͽ̫ˣ
ϷԨߵľϷõľǰξƵıԵοյ¹벻ƣƿʱմ˻ңƵǸɾúܣ˾õԵʣϷԨַھƵײ뵲ס÷ӵߣˮƽȥһƾơ
⾵װĲһЩƵΣж˿̾ȻƲ⾵йŹ֣
÷ϷԨȫ߷ȥˣֻ֪ǲѡԭϷԨȻɱһɢڿУΧʱڼžϷԨ÷ٵһͻȻһӰǰԼס
ϷԨʶԭ÷ӾȻҪԼҪһЩ
˫ֱ÷˳Ÿ첲һסϷԨòʱעӾƴƿѣȴֶԷúܡ
Ҳ֪÷ǲǹģԷŵ־ƵĹŹ֣
ϷԨ÷ӵǿװ򶨵ӱôȲ𣿡
ǵȻ
һΪжء
ߣ÷Цˣһеģôߣ׵ģ׵¼ˡ
ϷԨ˵ЩʲôͻȻǰһѣΣֽŷϷԨ󾪣˸սʵѬ㡣
ϷԨǰԹߵĽⶾ˵ܽ⽭еҩ봺ҩƫĵطҩܻʧЧǼǽһߵĽⶾ˿̾Ȼã
÷§ϷԨʹú˫ֳƣ÷ӵʮָǻߣߣ⿪ϷԨİ´䣬÷ȡϷԨķڣ¡
ϷԨǿסĲʸУ佣ƴϷԨԥˡ
ԼӰԸʱȻ˵Ǽ£Ǻò׷˹Ź֮˿÷ƣ´ʱƿ¾ֻͨľˡ
ϷԨԥһɲǣѾһ˵ϣϾϷԨĿܣ÷ӵ־ܴΪԵʹϷԨѲãϣ÷ӵĸŪԷÿһ¶.ĸоǸͨӡ
׵ƣֱǷ̡
ϷԨʱ©ϾԼ÷ӣ֮֮ףǿסųĶϷԨ˼Եú÷Ӱ£üУҲֻʣƤ䣬ϷԨҲֹסط
ͻȻһƴֽ÷ӵĺ󾱣÷εڴ
һӰƴ롣
ϷԨʶؽ䱸һ˲ȴ˶ʵذ
һϷԨ뻳УϷԨֿƲסزɤƣׯˡ


36 
㡪ϷԨ˵ʲôϧԷ־֮ҪԼֻܾ֮˿ڵޣƺʲô֮ⷽأϷԨһʱ֪˵ʲô˼ɲǲ٩㶶ӣƺðˡ
һԣϷԨ˫ֱ͹Էȵ©͵ķ϶һʱžǰһвξԽ򣬶ʵ˼䣬ׯҲûյַȱԼ
ҪСһɵñøˣûϷԨĻ⣬ˣ֮
ɿҡϷԨŤͷʱȣɲǵƬ̡
һŻعɿ˫ۣϷԨſ
һžˮɫϷԨżȻϻһ˫ĿӿϷԨֱĳֶɿصǴ˿ݲö룬Щ鿴Ʋ˵ƣŲ˫ĹϵıѿϷԨʵǴҩ
һǣҩҩЧάְʱ
ץʱ䡣
ϷԨʶع磬ݲϺɫѥʱʱ䱦һһ붼ݷŹϷԨҲ˲ɢڴֱɵľǰ˫ȥŪƣԼŵĲ֤һȻϷԨʹȫˮƽȥƾƣ˿ƺǱϡ
ϷԨԽֱûߴֱ°޹
һҲ֮ĪӿϵĻ֮սϷԨһͬȥ۲ľơ
ȷƲǸͨľƣֻҪôأ
ϷԨ˳žƵĻƴ¿ŹκһϸڣʱȥһľǺ֮µķ϶ֱϷԨϵһһεĺۼ
ѵת
ϷԨžֱһŤתСȦľĦϷԨĵԿҪϷԨȶ·תȥʱϷԨֱһƸסԷʹϷԨͻȻԼ绢
Эתһ档
ŵ濪ʼ˵죬𶯴ӽŵ״֫ٺͷϵķ˿ҲʼҡΡ
ϷԨûֱܷҪڵĳתô󣬹ǣĻرȽ϶ࡣ
ϷԨͷֻҷƵĵ˺üששһڷһԼߵķζӽĵطܿʯĽݣҲ͸⣬˳Ž¿ǺһƬӦϵҵϷԨվĵġ
Ȼң
ϷԨһһۡ
˾ԱƵ̨ͭϷԨͻһһǰһȥԽߣӴԽ٣ļֻʣһһǰԷֱ״ӰҲ´£ʻ硣
ϷԨ֪Լǲȵ˽ʲôأԿ֪ĵֿʼ𶯣ͷΨһ͸ŹķοھȻˡ
Ψһֻ֮ʣе̨ͭһ״߬ϷԨ󣬡ׯСɢ
ϷԨƶ˶˳ǣסһ彩ɲǣһ˲š
ϷԨǰգǰֻһ·ƽʯשлء
ϷԨ˿̹˲ôˣŻһǰߣ˴Լʮಽͨ裬ûа
ʮ֮һת䣬תǰ·࣬ǽ϶Ŷžڣ·һ̾Ҫǽ⣬кҹ飬ڸһСƬǽһȦƵĹΣʹصࡣ
ϷԨ˴
ǽϹճĿˣɫ࣬礣糺죬ϵŵıϸµعճڻļٱ֮ϻ̨֧֮ţԼʱ٣ټٷֲĹ۸Уǽڿɼᣬ꣬ҹĹڻשŤεıͶӰڵصĹȡ
һյøһЩ΢΢亹ׯ·ʮа˾еĻء


37 
Ȼһ̽ǰ̤һԵʯͻȻһۣȻϵϼ벱ȸߵİкдԾһ̺˰벽书ߴ˿ʺ֮ѾѪ
Ҳ֪жٸȻҪǣǰ·ʲôĻأ
һŵؽϷԨ뻳Уһε§סϷԨׯץЩҴׯȥ
ϷԨҲ֪²ʱʲôҶҪһߣ˫ֻϻһϷԨƺ˶ԷİȻְ֮С
ׯץˣһһǿ
һϷԨֻתǰľﻨһƬֻܱһЩһһıڻͼӰлһɫ½󣬶Ƕ̼Ĵļ
һ˫ŵأʱʱʱԾұʼսϷԨ§úܽ·ԷҪսƤ⣬һ۳˼Զܵļ䶨ʯǰܵľͷʯţʯ˿Ϸ죬޷ǰ֡
һϷԨſ
ϷԨվֻһؽϵѾѿˣ˿ϷԨæʵˣ
ׯģû˵Ƥ⡣һ
ϷԨͷһֻۣǲмڵأĸ۳ĸʱڰҡţΧĿ˸ϡ飬˿˱¡ϷԨп̾Ԫ״Լɿٴܵԭ衣
˿̲˷̫޹ص飬ϷԨע·ǰľʯϣʯѷмʯµשϽ˱һ̦ʯĿǧƾ޷̧ӦҲĻء
ȥһʯŵĻأڼܻ󴥵أСһЩ
ϷԨȥʯŸǽڣ۾޷ָУϷԨӽŵ¶ȥϷתȵֱչķΧһ飬Сǰһ˷
һ͸ϷԨԷͻϮ
ڹ򲻸ˣϷԨָ֮ܵһֱ϶˳ŷ϶ҵˮƽ϶һֱ϶϶βγһСΣһƺܰȥʮа˾žʯϵĻء
ϷԨŤͷűĻһҪˡ
һ߾裬ӦԼٵͻ䡣
ϷԨֻȥһ˲ʯſʼ죬
ƽλãʯűڲεչ˵ǰϷԨͻһһ￴ȥ
Σ
ֻųŲֱֱͬ£ϲźüȦشһǽγһѵĿռֻĶ֮һСǽϹ̾ߣڵ˱ǹڵϣнŲҲŤͷǰϷԨĿһ˲ٿվΪ˵Ķײһ졣
ϷԨͻһ߽ƣֻֽŽԱס󴦵ֱ̫ĥƤѪҲһϵѾãһһǿ·ʱӡ
һüۣĬһᣬʵ·ǳˣ
æͷ絷ҩŰȴ˵ɫֽŲƺȻʲôһײӯͲĵΡ
ʯϷԨͻһ߽εʱٴ£ǲȵʲôأ·
ײҲ֪ܱܲʯŵ
ʧٵһλʿҵˣ˿̽ǰ
ϷԨɵüͷˣ㶯СһЩ
һȥ˵ֽ࣬ȻϷԨ˵˵ֽŽȫˣͷҲˣ˵
һȥʣ˭ģѴдϡ
һһд¥¥
һȷϣ¥¥
˵ͷץסһд
һҪʣȻ䱳ʯһˣҪٴǰףȻڻδһʱ÷Ӧûں˯ʯűǵݲԼ̽һǵǾͶѰ·
ʯҪһЩʱ䡣
һǰһƬڣûбεĹȫ˵ǰ·һĶͷһ亹§סϷԨ֮п
˵
һзɣ½ŲһЩ֮ͻӰȫƾһçǰ壬ڲûлأһҪȥЩ
µĵشӳ˵ÿͿʼ᫲ƽ˹ģȻɽ֤ܵ˻һ룬ɽȻв·ûʱᣬһһѡֱߵ·
һ֮󣬻һϷԨ΢΢ϢǰʯڣȻ·ʯȥʪģйʯ¶˵ʯںܿһƬȻʵľء
һͳЯСȥʯڣȻǱˮн䵹俪̫ˣǻûͨʯڣ˶Ҫ׷ˡ
ϷԨͷĿѣֽòӣ֪Լ÷ӵˣǰŻһ壬ûԼȥ
һϷԨ쳣֮ʣôˣ
ϷԨҡͷ΢˿û¡
ϷԨһûһඥըγһ˵ܽǰ·ըͨ˿̻һԣһͳԼβԼΪʯĵطȻϷԨʯ֮ԶϷԨס
顪
һ죬ʯҷɣڻһϣδ˵ϷԨֺ
һϷԨǰߣֻԼԭѾٶ£ҹɫɫǿԷֱǺԾȱһ飬ںĵӰһڣˮףܻһ
һϷԨȥˮʱδоɰʯĥ±֮У֪ԼĶˡ
˫ˮǻҲǺˮζԽԽ٣һǰ˼ڼһֱǵ§סϷԨ䵽ȥоϷԨѾԼϵˮ棬һҲŸˮ档
ȱĸоܣһںȴܵƱ˵Ŀ⡣
һתͷֻϷԨԼµ
һɲǲŷӦˣƤˮˣ


38 
ӹµ
ΪɽׯӰˣ˶ǻһһĽУżսӹһû˻Լı֣żȻ⼸ڣȻİ
ɫգ¹к̽ͷ˿ͣЪճ˵üǱ봽ߣ˫磬һͷ㿪ϷԨߣ޹ġ
ֻԵˮϻűƤߣһһߣսǣ־öͽȻϷԨѾ֪ԼݣҲʧȥЧá
һףصȴһϷԨͷŭŽĺˮǰ¶ƺһ˲ļ䣬ΧңѻȸΨԼļٵţҡ
ãԤ֮еĺǳʼûг֡
һ̧ͷȴϷԨ˫Ŀ룬ƺϣ־ѵģ
ͷڻһԺͣƬ̣ϷԨѾֽز˻һ֤˻һ룬һϤϷԨƢԣ磬Ȼͷʱֶġ
ϷԨ˫ֱĺܽµˡ
һϷԨľ֮͵ŵĶ͵ôֲһʱҲ֪ʲôΨнǸĿǰԼݵδѾϷԨ
һٿϷԨĿ̹࣬Լ˼֮óϷԨǱҩˣϾ¥ȱЩ
ͷ΢̣һɴཫϷԨᱧɫ˵˫۰䵭Ȼ庮ϷԨֻһºһ磬Աˮ͸ʪܵϣ״ǲܵԷԼﲻֵҶһ޷Ҳֻ§øһЩԷԷ
һ˰ҵһεɽŲ¥ˣһϷԨ£ߵǺϣûвԼţͷգƺЩʲô
һͳϴĴʯʯͿĲţֻ΢մ˵ʪӦûãһ˻ý˼ɽ֦֧˸ӣϷԨԼŵ濾ɡ
ʯһͽЩ«έݲ̺ãϷԨȥϷԨʧľżһ
ϷԨ£һǰҷɵĳǣɽӳ˵Ӱӣˮɣȵ¶ȸմ
ϷԨȻη䣬ҲڲɪֻȻ΢زţ·ѹĳЩʱѾðͲס
˽ԾĬһʱԡ
ȵ翾ˣһȥϷԨ´Ҵ£ҲҶ࿴ҴææԼָּۣϣ˿һ㣬ֻϷԨݣһδͥɿڶԷϣһɫ⡣
һôĵ߶̵ҪתȥϷԨһ߬ס
ʵϷԨ󣬻һ书ԶϷԨʵǿѿģǼɲǣһʴǵ˳ֱ۴֫ٺ类Ǧá
µ̰ᣬϷԨһǰһϷԨ˫ҼϣԶЩƹܣһƽ˳죬㳣࣬
ҡϷԨѻĽë΢΢Ӳȶһ˼ˡҲðա
һԻ꾪裬ץסϷԨ˫ʣ˼ʲô˼
ϷԨȴţҶµҾȻˣڲ١Ψ˲ξΣһЩ˵룬ְܲɣ
δȻһ𸴣ϷԨѾͷȥǻһ촽ϷԨͷֿһأڣ˴ָ⵽˿΢΢ϷԨźչһĻߣָ߬סԷĦЪʱһ˿Ȼѹȥӹڵÿһ
һϷԨǵʱң磬ƮƮȻƶˣϷԨ⹥Լ֮ĳǳء
һǽϷԨʱƿϰ΢΢Ϣǻɢ½
һڵ˵æ׷ʵΪʲô˼ꣿ
ϷԨ̧ףεЦˡ
һһ㶡
ߴϷԨѾʮָɶһϿҪ͸±⿪䣬¶µƤϷԨĺ촽ˮɫ޽Ǽ˿£ƤһּϷԨԹԵؽ⿪ϵǰէйĿ֬ȻһƬԭ֮𣬻һĿҲʼ룬ǿֳһǣɳƵ׷ʣʲô
ϷԨȴֱӱܿ⣬˵̲סˡ
ϷԨֱڻһ֮ϣϸ«έ֦ɣһֻǵĵ̰˲Ȼ̮ѹѾõ̰йһӿΪѣԼɽ飬ÿһڽ˳ӶԷ˼ȰԼرϹϾԶ֮
ҡϷԨ°ͷڻһ紦ϼ䣬Ϣڶë橶ȥϷԨ˵
µֻҡ
ڵľǽ˲ѣΪ촷䣬Ȱ뾯ʾ֮ԺɢΣ֮£ĭΣƳ꣬ʪɢ˿뱻ײĴϢ
ˣ̸ס


39 
նչббսɽʯڡ
ϷԨǱ۵չѵģؽɬƤͷǣʲôҵҵķ·ԼƬΣضٴһԵһûĻĵ̡
ϷԨǿǵһЩؼͷϷƺÿͼﲻɱͷ֮ʹ뻶䡣
ϷԨһ򵥵Ķǣ֫ȣʹһĶϷԨϣ
ףֻϵ·Ȼ봩õģԵµļӡǣֵĺô۵Ǻۡ
ⲢһΡ
ϷԨһðˡ
Լҩ־£Ԫϳ˻ӹһҹ꣬
ϷԨ̧ףֻԪ״˿Լ棬ͷ֪ЩʲôϷԨӹԷ٣ʵϸ֮£Ԫ׵ӹģҹɫɴټԼ룬ͱ˰˾ŷ֡
ϷԨ˼飬ҪԪ˵ףǣʲôµᣬͽ
һʵѵñϷԨ磬֮һ˵ĵطͳЯҩƿʳָһҩ࣬ϸ΢ؽƤߴϣҩαԵֱϿʲôֵ壬Ÿһɽ
һʱ򿴵ϷԨ˯Ҳ֪ƣԸš
˿ϷԨѾѣһԴ̽ʣׯ
ôǻ˵һ־ƺףȻһԼҲ޷˵岻ֱ֮仰ʻض
ϷԨϻһŹػߣɫһ䣬ϷԨվ޷ֱ˵Լϴˣֻ߾ȹʵû˵ʲôֵĻ
̫ˣһĵЩĻϷԨƽʱ˵ģȻ˾ֵĻǾ䡰һ˼ˡ
һֱ»ǲҪϷԨ֪ȽϺã֮˵:ׯһֱڽһ֣ǡµ
ϷԨɫһΣ飬ȾӵϣҲ˵ĸһ֣ߴԪ׵ԽƽȻϷԨԽԼḡ
֣µسðұҩ˫ϴˣʵǶԲס
һһ㶣Ȼû뵽򣬲ׯ
ϷԨɫ棬ϿңҲ˼ֻձҩ·ƪ͵δȻܹԾ߽֮
ϷԨ˵ľƾһҹ¶ˮԵϷԨ֮䱻ˣǻһǣѵҳ٣Ϊˡ
ĺֺͷδ⣬ϷԨģ߰ļֵʣǲûһ̣ġһ¾ôҹȥʽõʱһģ
ٴ˿Ψһͷ
һæڷʲôʵ֪ׯϴˡ
һͷ૵֪ׯҴϳµׯûʵҵ书Ҳ룬ܹǿΥĵ¡
һĬׯĶҡ
ϷԨ֮ɫܾԪ׽ĻˣȻֻ˵
ׯѾµҵģҲʲôҡܸΪ𡭡
ԪףϷԨһ׺ϷԨĶĤһƬۣϷԨǾ߳ķģǾûĵ磬ͷֱüĶЩʹҲҪ㸺𡣡
һׯ˵޷λµҲһҿׯң벻
һĻ˵ֱ̫¶ǣλε̹ϷԨ޿ɱܡ
ϷԨɫ֣أʵԪף֪˵ʲô𣿡
嵨߷ڣҲԸΪ˵˵Ӱ𣿣
ҼȻϴˣ֪ѾˡϷԨ־֮ǰ˼ڲԣ½⣬ѻջȥҿԵδ˵
һȴҡͷ˵ҲЩ
ϷԨֻòߣɽӿݣʯУϷԨ߲ϵʯһġ
һۼֿסȴϷԨվ֮˦֡
ˣһȴǳһֻ£һûб¶ҵһоݵԵɣܹԪ׵ݳׯҡ
ϷԨٲҲֵػͻһһǰһڿİɽ·;żԷԻ·ʳʱĩص˻¥ڵС
ͣڻ¥Ǹʱزȥĵطǻһͳһƥ
һϷԨ͵Ҳûˣׯһ£ͬһ
һϷԨȻԼҲǰϷԨĺ󱳣§ڻһʣׯס𣿡
ҹ²ˣɽҰսǺˣǲû֬ãһֹھ棬ϷԨţ·ʱȶЩο˫Ȳϣֻһ㣬һһĳۣһֻܻסϰ磬Ȼɱȸ㲼Ħһµļ尾ζ
ϷԨȻյĻţǱŻһԷҲֲԸ˳ŶԷĻ˵лһ»ǹŲӵסˡ
һЦϷԨΪ̶
һϷԨ˫ҸŲ˫ţһе˳Լø޼䣬һ𴩣΢΢ϷԨǶĥһ
ׯסͺã֪Щܣׯһ£ҾһЩ


40 
һƬ·֮䣬ӻľдġ˿ջĸīֳǰ
һס泤Хǰ˼ſ䶨һһķȻϷԨڲѥײשʮ߼ѵĽһϯ㵸Ķ벻ע⵽ѡ
ׯׯڻˣ
ʮ߼æǰս˵Ƕׯ˺üʱˣʲô£
ϷԨʹһɫʾʮ˶С˵ڨڨ˫ͷ˽ǣߣϷԨʮ߻һһֺ߽إһ䣬;һԲ
ŴϣϷԨŵʣûʲô
ʮҪش𣬻һһԵ﷭һ·ݵϷԨǰ캮ׯȻ·˵
ϷԨ˼ڻ¥ϣֻе䣬»һһѣϷԨֻԼϵ·˲ϼ㣬źֱǽ꣬ë岻ɵսȡůϷԨͲסԼʵη䣬ֻýӹѡ
ʮע⵽ϷԨõ
ϷԨ˵ﻻ·ڼ䣬ľһһΣϷԨʱ鹺Ű廹΢ػƣѾʮһʮʮʵӰأ
ʮ߻ش𣺡˺·ʮʮһȥׯˣӦûڻ¥ߺ½š
ʮŤͷ磬ׯ˵ɡ
ϷԨһʮɫҲأͷһæʲôˣ
߽̾˪ˣԼٰ˪½Ÿߴڻһ˪ķ䣬Ҳûһֱڶ¥İϣ
Ҽٽ֮ȥǽûʲôҺǳʲôӣǼ䷿½źѾˣһˣֻһֽż㡣
ż㣿ϷԨһͬʵ
ʮһֵֽš
ϷԨӹذż㣬ֻепббʱʱСֻȲҪ΢һЩǿŲǺʹл¥Եķıϣֽдšʮ³ţΪɽׯׯڻ¥¥żһᣬ½̸ڻ¥һׯҪġ¥¥Ȼ
ʮ³šϷԨ۾ǲǽ𣿣
ʮ߼ڰƴĵطȥҲ֪߸;Ÿû£
һԵԼĪᣬ¥¥Ҫʡ
дõǱ񣬿òֻǲ֪ż֣ϷԨ¥¥дֿһ飬ԽԽľɵ㣬һô֪Ϊɽׯׯἰ½ӣӦþаŮװߺ½ţ֪Ϊɽׯˣ
˲ԼͬһļĬǺոİ죬չⱻֽ⣬ްһĴ׹ֵڤ磬ٲά衣
ϷԨȳ˸Ȼ˵ߺ½ƾʧӦǷܵΪ÷ӵ÷Ҳһ֬¥ܵϷҲУ£ܵͨΣ˨һˡˡԪǴӵӳġ
ˣӰ󾪡
ǣʧٵһˡϷԨӵʱ򱳺˳ǽε·׷пһߺ½ţȻǱ¥׽סˡǻ¥ˣڵã׽סߺ½š
ʮСʣׯҪԼ𣿡
ϷԨֽ߬˼ϸϸ壬˫Ŀƽǰʧȥ࣬ȻҪ
ϷԨջߣͷȡֽī⣬ľǺͼ߻˵ԪױڵΣ¥ɽˮɽɽûͨ·һըһڣǲŵѡ
ȻҪԼǲΪûһ䲻⣬˾ȳνˣ֬¥Ϸصˣɽͻƿڡ
ϷԨͼϸڣһԼ·߷ƣֻҪɽȥβ·ڶѡ·һֱߣһӵ·̣ҵΡ
ҹӺãʮʮʮȥˡȥ֮ǰҪ׼ܹ˿˱ĵϽ϶ŵҿƺӲյ֮˿˾УǾ̧ϣҲҪѳ˴
ʱһεصûлأ¥¥ˣֻһʱҲþɵ壬ߵʱ΢һЩųɲлءʣµӰϴһװİ֮¥ߺ½žȳ֮¡
ϷԨʣʲô𣿡
Ϊ֮ɫׯ⸱ͼʵڼԣµʱҲׯ˵ɽ
ֻǰīңϷԨ뵽ľͻģҲͱȻ¥¥ǷīҪһ㣬һЩι״ıʶֻеͼ֪ԼָǺˡ
ɽڶϣȷʵ̫ңһʧķʵи˴·ϷԨĬΣתͷʻһưףܲԴȥɽ
áһǴӦˬ죬ϷԨһȻҲ֪Ӻζ
һֲͬׯˣׯҲҪӦһ£Ҫ֮ʱˡ
ϷԨɫ䲻ڣһǴӦνʱòͷ
˺ˣæԵʵôˣʲôˣׯƢãǸʲô캦飿ôׯˣ
˭˵ƢãϷԨŸʸûµǮҲΪӰ


41 
ʱƣʡ
һʮʮʮߣһһѽ
ʱȥģ˵ǧľ࣬ҲûţͲָʲôãֻҽ£ÿﶼһ˿顣
īɫ֮ʱһʹ˶ǰɽһȺվɽ·ٺۿɽԼʮԶߣȴᾶûпŽĵطһ˲Լȥ
ȵֻʣһһԭأ˦һָĻȥһ
ɽһɡ
ɽΨжй⣬ߺһƬµĵҲ᫲ƽɼɽȻģϷԨĲ²Ҳûдɽ·ûлأһƾŵĲдļ䣬첽ǰӰֿ죬Լһ֮ڱǰĹҡڵĻӳһ˵
εˣ
һͼһεΣ˿̲û̫ȣǺӰβסȻ
һӵεǰϵػز˺ü飬˴˿ڵһ˯ˡ
ʮվõط˳֣ϵĲңϸͬ˿óģһϸĲڴζ޹ٻһ
˱ʮڡ
Ĺض·һԴڵĳڵƺСܾķ·૵ķԩ˽ʩ¶񶾵䡣
ʮ֪Ҫֶ룬ͣʱԽԽ¥ˣǰֻлƶСĿ׶ͷϳһ㱡һԽԽҡҡ׹
Ȼʱʮ˿ζ˼ʮ£ֻꡱһ
ˣ
ʮ΢иһϵһȦһȦƿҲ˷ʱ䣬ҲҶ̫ˣһڽٱڰУȻأէһ˳£ڵǰչƺ
ֻʣһȦҪȫ⿪ʮ֪ΪȻ꣬߬ƹȦٻһֻֽס¡
ۿ󹦸ɣʮϲͬʱȴּһ㷲ܾνƺ̫˳Щ
ȻŵĵһŮ
Ӵ⼸λ˴ȥѽ
˪һźɫۣ´˫ɫȹ糺ɫһͷ˿ɷ٣ճޣɽȹŲ裬Ķѥ֣̤Ѫ
һȺˣ³ֳ
һɨһۣ˵Ҳʮλ
˪һЦ˫ЦСѣȴ˿ĪùǺë˪ͷЦòãϴСѾõˣôŮӻأҿȥôð󣬺۸𣿡
ʯŻ𣬴ʱ·£Ѿ޴ӣӰʧɫ
ֻʯźߺ½˫ֱ󣬷ֱ𶼱һһѹţһСߺ½ŵĲҪ̽Ƥ⡣
λҰӽͷԡ˪ƺ뵽ʲôֲһ˿ǣźɴЦӦӡӿһأպ󽭺첻ȥˣǻ¥ɣ㱣֤ƽƽʳǡ
ţ½Ŷ˪ʵʲô
˪һȥа޺ӣЦʱ۾ҡҡͷҲ֪
Ҳֻ¥ڶв۵һλ¡
˪Ǵ͵ЦõҲɤȴˣ룬ֵ֪¥˻δ֮ǰ⼸λεģҪһëλͱҪˡ
˪һ޳Ө׵ָȺֱָߺ½ţֵĺ˼ڲϵĵǰ˼֡
˪ϵλҪλݣڰеĵȫ£վԭزһ¥˹ٴ˵ء
ҵĻұ֤˽춼ܻ߳Σǲ˪˵ۣɾͱˡ


42 
ʱ¥еƻͨ˿
ϷԨǰŸ̤¥žһǰ˵¥ѾʱϷԨʶ£ǣŰ㶾룬ȻϷԨ֪ʮа˾òϣǴܾðһЩ
ϷԨŹߣ̤ľ쵤ɫ¥ݶϣ¥һۣϷԨǰĲ죬ĲմȾңǸ书ǿز¶ʿϷԨƬ̣ĲͣˣϷԨ̧ͷһ
Ȼ÷ӡ
÷ӱԪ׵ڴϵĲӰԺһϷԨͷһ㷲ܾԼƺ˶ԷƵȦС
ֽƿ
ϷԨȥžͱžһˣϷԨһ˲ǺϷԨ룬ֻվһˣһ޺Ĵɫֱ£ͤͤ
յ÷ӡ
ϷԨδڣ÷˫ֺȭϷԨݣȻ󲻼˵ׯּˡ
ϷԨɫ˵Ǹý÷ӣǸý¥¥
÷Цұֵ²ׯ¡Ȼ䣬ׯγƺҡׯôоôУǸŰˣҼңЩŲ̫ϵ
ϷԨû˼ȥȻ˵ЩϻΨһɻǾҪʲô
ϷԨûдȻĻҲûȤⲽ˫ɫ÷ĸϷԨҲֻܸȥϷԨע⵽ˣ÷ﲢδ㡣
ʹˣϷԨҲɵϢ㣬һΡ
ׯϢûзԻ㡣Ȼֱ˵˵ϴε㣬ֻΪ̽һׯ¥Ѱ֣ǡͼѰֵģׯӦøˣϾ¥ĹͶܹ˵޲ء
ϷԨĵһԼΪҪ˪ȴû뵽Ȼһӣƺڷȥ軵ϵĳңȻһ롱ơ
Ȼ棬ϷԨֻľһԼһȭʮŵɣḷ̌οգɣľԲоͲ¡
ȻɣľóƿľĸӷһԣһŰӴһ⣬Цׯһ壬Σ
ϷԨʲô
ֻׯдһա
ҪʧˣղӮǺ
Ҳ޷ȻһӣȻ̧ͷϷԨЦׯɡ
ϷԨٳٲӣȻЦŨޣׯģӮ񣬶ϵ½ӵֻĥʱ䣬ׯӣи
ϷԨŷһӣһƬţīɣľ̵ʣϷԨ˼ǰϣȻȻ˵ӮνϷԨҲµĲɡ
ûãֻѾС̣Ϻɱѷ֣мѾڰơ
Ȼһӡ
ݺʮŵʮһĿһĿΪ̫Ȼȴ΢졣Ľǿɱȴﶬƣ޳˫ɫӿɱȰҹҹת˲ţ׾Թ϶ȴܴĥ־˱ǣʬ⡪Ȼпҡͷ˳ϲңһģʤΪߡ
Ȼ뵽ʲôͷЦһżǧָųꡣ
ׯˡ
Ȼһ֣Ȼӷҿ̾״̬гָһʼЦŨ޷ģʱˣׯһͬȥΰɡ
ϷԨĬԣȻֵҷׯȥģׯװ֪εӡߣλӻϣׯڱѡ񡣡


43 
Ȼǰ·ϷԨҲû͵Ϯ֮ϷԨ֪Լ书Ȼ⣬½ŻڶԷ͵ϮŪɳ׾
෴Ȼÿһߵ̹̹ƺǸûǹϷԨͻĿԡ
ڶߣϷԨҲİֻϴҲв֮ͬʯǰЩûг֡
ϷԨ߻룬ȻһгӣҲ֪Լһûгɹûбȳ½ûѻ¥
棬ваɡ
Ȼؽָʯڻϣ·ضɽҡʯŻ
ʯϷԨվԭزĻһӰбٳֵ½ţ亹
ȻЦݹŹֵ߽ȥ˪ϲüңȻ¥ˣ
ϷԨҲ˵Ρ
ʯٴλ׹ڻʯשϣһԵҵض˺ü£·ҪʯŴķ紵ҡҡ׹ɭȻƵȻЦݸӲ⡣
ׯ˿ֻվԭعԹԲұܱ֤ׯݡȻϷԨһιֳ֣һӣ⣬ׯĪ֣ʩСƣƾͼƣôܽׯȫۼ֮أ
Ȼ˦˦䣬˫ֱׯ¥һһׯҲǴϻ۹ˣ֪ӳʱͣЪĵطׯҲ书ǿ˪ȡ֮ҲԸׯŬ֮˪ǵļƻˡ
˪һָߣüԹλӻ治Ǹϧģ˾һԴڵϣڻء
ȻתͷЦǴ󹦳㽱ġ
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46 
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ի֮ǰϷԨǸ˵ԪֻЩի޷ʢͺׯϷԨæ˵ʦؽ黳ϷԨЩ֮ܵõʦ̹˶ۡ
֮ϷԨһȥɮԱߵ強
ϷԨֿ̨ͭʼдţϢдֽ֮ϡ
Ǽĸš
գϷԨǺʷڰ״ɱʸϣ෺󣬲Ļ
Ȼׯħ֮սûǰһˣϾʱǳսǽ֮Ƶ󡣡
ϷԨҲôģ廹ϵˣǳսʲôȻֻǲ֪ЩԸԸ⿪ϲ
Ԫһ죬Ҫʼ··ĵԲ˯ãһԪ׻ĸԸظţҲ۵Ļš
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˵꾹ְһΣȻԪҪѯʵǲ򵥡
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һʵʴʦ˵壿
Ǵɽ꣬һʼյϷԨǼ仰ֻԼµӰȫΪɽׯһ˴վ΢òʲôԪ£һȻŹᣬûѯʡ
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ʹҹȻһԸŹκһ飬˿
е̴ľ飬һƬԣκ󣬾ŵʩĲԸ˵Ĳ˵
Ϊβܣһִ׷ʡ
Ϊ֪˶ˣ´ҡӦһˣΪܡسŵʩҪΪġŰ߰˪ѩĺʩʵ֪Ϊʩָһ·ʩӺε֪塯ǱͻƿڡҧĽ֣ϵǰĺģʵѲ¡ʵڲ²һ׻Ҳδɡ
һͷллʦ󡣡
ףת
ֻһһ˽ҹɫ֮У߱ĥϷԨǼ仰һ¼ҹɫΪһ壬շܿǰûӰ


50 
ճʱϷԨһʦ֮ٴ̤˷¶޵ı֮;
ݲԶӱޣԼһ·̡󲢲ɽҰ֮УڽɽţΧǷ̯ӦоУֻʳˮģֻģӻҲ洦ɼ಼ɡб֧һԣ̨ж㡣ڰƮԼоӾ¥뵶
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ֺ֮ûһ˷Եġ
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ԣ㣡
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̧ȥ䣬ϷԨʱı⡣
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ͻȻʮ߹ŪЦˣ֪ӿ˵һ仰ҲɱʣȴҶ
ʮһ˲ЩʲôȴϷԨ̧֣ʾԼʮֻʱѹԼɻ
˵һϷԨʣ˵˵һô
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ϷԨһɣ߶ԼüŪۣһʮƺ˵Щʲôۼ˲ҪϷԨƤЦⲻЦ߰ɡ
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ϷԨͷζЦˣʱУʱĪǿ󡣲ˡ
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ϷԨҲֻǽŲһָܿȻЦת˰¥
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51 
ϷԨ˶ż䣬żСޣǷʮһʮһʣµһ
ż϶Ϊ౦Բֻ֣ڷŲ÷ذ״ƿΪ׺Եþֲʧš
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ϷԨҳ˳ԣԸˣؾн
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ɫѵ㰮ԳԣԾ㡣
½żæС˼ˣʳ˿ڣûƷζҲͣС˵
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һԿϷ
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һȻ죬µÿһƤⶼþһ֪˿̻ѵãϷԨ˿˼㯣ʡ£ÿʦ˵ȥһϷԨĻ


52 
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ϷԨҲֻ̧ͷбб˻һһۣһԲ
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ɰٴΪݣϷԨ֡
һһֱǴֱϷԨı֣ҲֻжһƤߵʱ򣬻һžԼðԼǶһߣƤࡣ
ǱϷԨбľȦεϣš
һʵ˭
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53 
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һ߹¶ʽ֣״ɲͲ豭̴ľϣׯˣ
šϷԨ˻ȥʣ·ʮأ·ʮȥˣ
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ϷԨԸϣܾǰ¶ԷӲеӡֻЩϸڡ
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ھŷĴ󵶶⣬ѵ죬춯ء
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54 
ʱ룬˾㷹֮һͬȥ·ʮĿջ
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55 
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书Ըվ仯ˣڽǰéԼǲܽ˿ȥģϾǽܡ
ϷԨ⣬ҲûͽȥһƳԺĴŵģȻֶ飬ϷԨЩȤ
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ÿһţһţǰţʯź͵š֮ǿͷϷԨŴģȻǴ
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56 
ֻǰһɫۣ͸罵Բ񣬿ȥԼڵ䣬磬ӦеˣϷԨԻһ£ȴԼδλԼûչͽܡ
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Щȡ
ϷԨס
򵥡½ǿڣֱͦ壬ɤҾ
ϷԨһ
ô𣿡̧̧°ͣҿŲ
ϷԨѾй¶飬üΪ緢
Цڹ˵̫ᣬϸλǲǣ
ϷԨæ˵ˡ
㲻ôнͻȻǰץסϷԨǣһģҼһ۾;ʦ𣬲ǳǷƣǾһЩ׽֮⡣
ϷԨϰ⸱ɣ뵽Լûƿ
ǣϷԨߣ߱˵ΪׯׯΪɽׯòǳݷңһдңҲ²£ǲħйأ
ϷԨϻۡ
ͻȻë߬ĲϣҸ̫ˡ
ɡͻȻͷζЦһ£Ҵȥӧˮ󣬻вͤɣҴȥǱߵľɫǱߵľɫˣʦǰҲϲ︧١
ϷԨȻûоܾĵԼߣ˹ʯţת䣬ܿ͵ӧˮ
ֻӧˮԲκߵؾİǽЪɽ䣬ˮһںˮеĽ׻ϣһͣڵػˮ󱻼ɽɰӵĿ֮ɽˮ̣ľĿ֮У·ĵضˮϴһ顣
һԵĺõط
ƾ۵ϸʯͷһΪƹʯ֮ٺϳһɣ˳ȥҶɰ֦Ħɳɳգգ۾汻ɳӽȥͻȻһҺþûˡһֱ
ϷԨ֪˿̴ԼǶ˼ˣΧúˣϷԨһʱ֪γԿοֻ֪ΪֹеλʦԼѾˡ
ḧ𣿡˫۽ϣ˫Ŀؿǰ޷ڰв
һ㡣
ǺãȡûϷԨʲôӦأʧǵ߽Уһɼľٳҵһ㵯һͺãûôҪġ
ϷԨþܾӹٷھͽʯϣֻɼľͷ̵Ƶͼɶɲ˿ϳɣ˱һңӦٵδˡ
ϷԨ£££ӣָ΢˵һڰлصþòɢ޾ıһƸеʫ˱֮ʱĴʾԡ
תϷԨͷٵģĿȣȻʧʧǡ
ȫϵϷԨҲܸܵͷֻһϷԨרָңµһϾԼþûˡ
Ȼ˲ֻҪоܱģϷԨǵ˼һӿİΡ
ʱתʱ룬ǸƼƯתȻ޿·ǼսɢɳĮһͬοİ׹ǣưܵĳǽȥ¥գήĻվɳĺʹһֻأһнӲۣ׾Թ϶
һˣϷԨʮָϣȻֹӧˮһƬϳ¾ɵš
ãһƮƮһ̾Ҫ紵ɢˡ
˫ĿʧǰҲ˵ҾģסǾһһټÿζԸڳһͷӡֱҾûˡ
֮ŻعϷԨǳЦţˣǲǻû߹㣬ʦ˭
ϷԨ̧ΧԵٷ磬ӢˬȴؾЩϳɡ
媡˵ʦǳħսĴӢۣ媡


57 
ϷԨһοڰ
ëҵزմȾεĿЦüۼŨ˼·һ̾ҪˮǻҵΣǿѹԼͻ⣬ҪϿˣָЦˡ
һʮǰĳħ֮սԭӦһ᯼ڿҪļ䣬Ȼʱ˿ϷԨȴȻʶԭⳡսϵǷǳɰȻʱս˽ǣһնңѷ֡
һʮ꣬Щ޵˵һǶڽˣֻǵָһӼ䣬ֻǵʯ̶һ˲
һƽԼѾԼı˵ɣЩʲôҶԸ㡣
ʣû˵ģӧˮǽأû˸ô
ϷԨżɽʵһʸ󡭡Ԫһ¡
֮ǰʧص֮г˼٩˭и
ϷԨȻʧЦƬֵ̺Ҫˡ
áСùԷɷʵپһЩԪǣ̫ˣһʱ˵ꡣ
ϷԨǳһݣĳµĻðҪ⡣
״Ҳ˴Ц⣬ֱһ˲ϷԨʳĻڽΪ֪һ棬Ȼ
θ媽衶Ԫһټħ̣Ȼ˸֪ңԪħа
ɫǿƲסһ±Ǹͺ¿İɣ
ϷԨһ˲Ȼ˴𰸣ϱ֮ɫؼ֣ǸʲôƨľʦںͰ˵˵Ĩʦ𣡡
ûϷԨ˵һԣѾ߷߲ƽرԹ֮ǰһࡶԪʷʱͶָֻŵģʷ򵥵һʦľ绪ǣҺķ̫õıī
ϷԨаԭ媴컨׹һ׫дġ
ϷԨ˽飬Ȼ˳˼˵Ȼλʦ˵˵྿ʲôģ
ȴھġ˽˶ԹУ߷ȻʣҲǲҪ㣬˵ʲôħаһ£½˶ʦָֻţ˵Ӵʦ٣˵ΪĲҹҹߣܾĵĿʣ
ϷԨд󺧣ϵ֮ɫҲûȫס˵ġȻ;Ļ޶¡
ԼĻϷԨֳŵģЦͺ¿Ǻû˵ˣ
ׯǲ֪ǡԪʦʮһշеĳɹʦҹҹͣľѪű׫ɵģǸͺ¿ȻħаĿ⣬֮ܣ
ԪȻԼгĹôֳ˾еħа
ϷԨɷϸ˵
Ȼףʦ֮ұڡԪʷоʵػԭǳսΪʦǰҲ̵ң˱鲻ʵǸʦͻбȨǱΪ飬һͬסңʵ׫д˵һУʦͻѣųꡣ
˵ĿǳĿǳǡ񽭺书浶ʵǹⲫħ书л֮飬۾񣬽Ϊմׯϻۣ˵һŲܣŲױˣһܱ仯ǧǧ޾
ûϷԨش̶ȻǺߡһǰҾ׵ѵڽĴɾͲˣǴΪλǶħ书̸֮ɫ䣬ִֵڤ粻ؼ֡νɡѧսأ
ϷԨѾԼһ²⣬Ҫԣ֮
ΪӣΪνĳ壿һζųħ书֮ͽˣ
ֻΪʩħ书޶ħ书ҲĶ࣬±ʸ֮ģƣûһ˸ҷˣĲħ书ĺħ̽ͽ
󹦷Ըվ£Ȼۣȥ󹦷ҲУ޷ĵزֻܳħ书ķչ已̥书ľͷվǻʣµɶӲˣֻʱ⡣ɱĴڣһζųħ˹ֻᱻ̭Ӵһ겻񡣡
ֻʦñö࣬ѾѪ׫ˡԪ
κεʵ֮ҲĴˣħ֮սʦΪ˹ʿ֪вսԱԼСԪһɱﵣ˲عǣʤȻɡ
ΪôŷʦֱԡԪ˹ԭԭħ书ƣǾʦţʱڳԵĲ࣬кܶ׿ͬ
˵кܶ཭ʿҲ֪书ݻ޷ƿȻҪħ̵ĵ·Ҫһ۵㣬Żֵ֧򣬴ҶװͿҪ߸·ԼԼޡ
ұ뽫дԪʷĻᣬ𲽸ıҶħ书Ŀ̰ӡ󣬿ǱͱһͬסˡЦҡͷʵ˵Ҳԡ
˼ģ书͵Ƿ켫֮ˣЩһƬ嵨սѾڳħ֮սʣһЩ书δﵽ˾ʿʦġֻ֪Ǻڼףʹħħ书͵һĲֵ
ϷԨ۵׺ڳһƬ֯ӿ֣δȫʵ㻹Ҳţ书ħ֮
ǶţûţҶ˵Ҳ档
ڼҶѡȴ֪Լǻ֪֮ˡǶΪǷԷڳ˵Ρ
׿ЦƮƺõĻ֮Уҵʱ˵λֻЭǵĻ޵ҲԸʦʦɸɾҲҪװ׵ߡǡԪʷڳħսīӼģߣߵڰס


58 
Ծʵ媰ħ̹űӭж⣬ֻԾ޷͵ĵطϷԨ޷¶ۣǾ;ʦ˵ǺеӦô󲿷ֶз¡
Ȼ˵ƾûʵ֤һϷԨĵҲ֪Ը⽫йصóԼĥ
ϷԨдɣϲԣֻһŷȻͷҪ˵ЩʲôֻȻһλɫ۵ĵӷǰǰ䶨ϥ¡
ϷԨ״а˵˵ȵǰԼ·ǼλӿеĽأ˿λֱ˵ʲôҪ
ףֵôأѾҵȰΧ
ԭһʧǣȻӴ֮ʱüۼһ˲ɢӰ٣ֻʣڹؾصԭλôޱȴǲŭ˲òηȥ
ʹϷԨʶ֮һ֮쿰ꡪټһ鶯ģԼҲ׽󵨣¹첻·ƣԼЩˣǰǽһ֮ף֮ӣ֮£ȨθԵʮ㡣
ϷԨ˼Ʈ⣬ȴ˵
ׯҲһͬǰȥɡ
ϷԨȻ׳ǣǱŲ
ӵĴ£гӧˮ󣬴ȣص·Ӱ֮שŰ볨ϷԨһ
ȻԪף
һ˿ѱλѲߵǰҰΧסţһע⶯ˣתͷȥϷԨĿԡ
˫ֱ󣬶һδѵӣȴϳҴδ㣬Ŀˣ
һǡ
֮ʱӴĵӦи֪㣬󲢲洦ȥģнءһ£һƬߵţԴﵽǿĿģ䣬˵Ƣ粻˵Ҳã˵ΪҲãҼȻΪҲԴ˴ҲòֻΨһ㣬Էܴҵĵߡ
ԴһµĽء
ϷԨ˼ǽأ»ǰθϢϢأԴԼȥģ˵׻ԼǵĸöԷ˼ˣȻ⸱Ը˴ʾӵɣһЩ媵ľ죬зһˡ
ֻ˵˴ʦʾӣһʮǰħս൨ģȡʤճ˷绯ȥ˼䣬ҲԸ޹ʿǰ̤㣬߶徻Ҫ֪ӣҴ˿Ѿ˽ȥ˼£֮ˡ
һæ֣ʯžͷׯׯΣ˲С󴳽أˡ
գһ̯ģֻ֮ϾһöɵϷԨƽﳣõӡ
ϷԨֻһۣԼµġϷԨ׼֮ǰδ֪ͨӰԸ̫̣Ȼ֪Ԫס
ԪǷԼڿͷǰѰ
һһףλСˣô÷ԨΣվأ
šԨ֣һȻüһʲôʱׯô׽ˣ
һ˼ֻأԵˡ
ЦĺľΧӷԸ˸ϳȥ
µȻΧȥһһʱ޴룬ǳħս֮йؼһȻɵŸɣ˳Է˼ԼϳǾʹ˺ׯ룿֮Ŭ;֮ˣ
ϷԨͲ̫Ԫ׵ݣ˴η룬´طׯҪȵ£һԸηɰ԰𣬲ΪһöľԱӰΪׯ⣬أֻٺҲãһȫķ
Ȼ˴ǽأ˵Ӧֻܸһ˽룬ǷׯǺ͸һͬӽߵǰҲ˵ׯǵõģ߷ׯԨǣһѾ⡪
˿Լֻһ취ϷԨ顣ϷԨԼ֮ԸΪԼ
Ԫ׼æĿͶϷԨȴͷŤٿ
ȻԪ󴳽ΪԼϷԨӦΪ˵仰ϷԨ˿ȴʼԥͷ­ݡһȰο˵Ԫһ·ϰԼΣȷʵһܹõľѡһȴдʣ˵Լ̰һůɴ˻һϣʡľ壿
µǼһ˿ûԾȥ˼ȻĲֻӲģ˷ֱץסһұۣͼǿн˴ߡ
ǧһ֮ʣһ˲𱰣æԨ
ϷԨ͵ػͷȴɫ
ϷԨ棬һһѣҧҧ֪ԨͬȷʵҲϧŪۡ
ס죡ϷԨ̴֣϶Էģɫѿ
ĬϷԨ¶Ƶתͷ˵ɷʱһ͵ǡһӡ
һһԼĶˣȻٹȴЩ㷲ԼϷԨ̸֮£Ҫþãò׽һЩֽƻԭˡ
ϷԨ˵ʱ洺磬֮԰Ӽ֮ҪֳޣЦʵԨʲôˣҪΪ飿
ʵԪһ֮˶֮ľʣ׿ڳ˵Ĺϵ
ǰۻ㸡ֳ£ֵɽȵȣԪѾֹһԼΣͷԼΪģⷽŵҲˣ˵ȥĻóȥˮȻûջصĵ˿ٱԷãɶӦԪ׿еġϷԨֻʱһݸΪɽׯˡ
壬ϷԨ˵Լء
ԭˡЦȻԨ飬оܾĵ
ӻ֣ա
һӽ߱ڣܿûӰ
һԭزɰ˼⡣
ׯеǡׯʱ׽ˣ
һ׼ȥӣѣֻϷԨ飬ǿӲ΢Щǻ㻹߸Ԩԣû¡
ԣһȻתȥе߬øˡ


59 
תͤϪмǺе˫¥һһҷֱΪ˽ܼͤͤ¥м۵ӣ̤ʮһװʯ̨ףֱŶ롣
¥ϣڵӰټ¶ʽֽһΪһĲ̴ľжѷżȵȣһһĽŰһŷ̴ľľвˮɹʣѬͭ¯ɢ
ǰг飬ʦǰžЩҲ·ԨҲһ̽ҼȻԸׯ̹ϲȻҴš
ϷԨдϲĵ⣬ϲɫǳЦл
⼸Ϊ漰Ĺܸׯׯ¡мһߣŶԣˣʦһ¼ᣬֻݹϡɬׯǶıϻۻǿĥĥ
Ȼ⣬ˡϷԨʵһе¼᣿
΢˼ӵڶгһϷԨ
ϷԨ˫ֽӹֽΪѾѾƾߣϷԨڰԣ׼ʵׯʲô
ΪҪϷԨɻ̧ͷö˫Ŀ
۽΢䣬ЦЦҸׯô࣬ׯССҲԸ֪𣿡
ϷԨֻø֪Էûмʵ˼ϷԨͷָ΢һҳɷīӳ媡
һѳ°ͣһģ˳ϷԨĿ⿴ȥǶ֣Ŀٿ࣬Ȿ¼ᣬ֮ܿһ󷭣һλãŹֵķţҴδĳϵ˶ļ֡ׯȺ飬˵ׯ֪
ϷԨĪ񲻰ⷭһҳֻķţּʲɫ棬ƺ·ԣϷԨһ۾ϳ

Ϊ˼¼ռóԤԣķţԤԾУҲױơ
ϷԨ΢ɨһֻۣдš
飬ٸнȻҺ˼ֶ֪һսһΪִʹ֮ͬУµµӢţΨΪ룬˼ֺοװ˼˼Уδؽ֮ף׽еʵ޶ųΪ
˼ͣ
ϷԨ󺧡
ڴ˿ͷй¶֮ɫδ׽
ϢϷԨһʱ侹Ȼ޷ǿסϷԨƲüٿһ飬Щ˼
һʮǰΪɽׯһͬǰݣͬɱħˣɹϵܣС˼ָ͡ζԲҸס
ǰθдΪɽׯׯ˼͵Ļ
ϷԨһӹִҴҴһҳдĲޡ
޶ӹµΨΨŵŵִΨһ⣡ųӹˣ
ΨһĹ⣿
ģųӦָ˼ָͣġ梡ѪԵϵǰἰӢţ˵µĹⱻִ⺦ӡ͡δؽ֮梹ƺ롰йء
ϷԨٷǰҳ
ʹ֮ͬУΪ룿еġ֮͡䡱ָĶǰ梵ĺ
ǵĻǾͲˡ
һλֻ媿Ȱ֮أӵڶ˼Ѿõĺ֡
һս˼ͼӺΨһĹ⣿
ϷԨľս׼Ӵ۵׷ֻ߾þͣһҳֲġ
ϷԨ񣬲ʵׯǿö𣿡
ԣϷԨγѰع֪һۣҡͷڨڨЦˣװ֪ģֻ֣ܶ۵Ƿĸųִ϶࣬ܽ⿪
ԭˡͷһöƸϷԨׯձúоֻһ㣬Ȿ¼ڵ鼮ׯ뿴ʱǲܴ˽Ҳܽߡ
ϷԨãлˡ
ӰʧϷԨŲԽһ¼һҳ
ֱҹĻϷԨŴӲͤг
¼һֲ俴ֻ꣬ƪ˼йأʣǰ󣬽媼¼ճӣĵãװֽмҳȱʧý˼صҳ棬ƺǱ˺٣ݹҪ䡣
ǽջĶ࣬Ȼϡ
ϷԨ߱룬媻иãǽ֮дδ˵ã
ţŶϷԨ˳쳤ȣһ·ߵͷĿֿͷ֮ʱȴԪ׾ƺڵˡ
ϷԨûԪԼ飬Ťͷߡ
һ״æȥ׷֪ׯׯĪգҲһʱ졣
һʱ죿
Ԫ׿Ǹ˾ϷԨи̣ɼӿŲֻϧׯ书һ⣬·ĹֻһѾԼǰˡ
һɫϿңԺضտƿ롭йصֻƬ
ˣҿɲΪѻ𡣡ϷԨޱءġ㣬˵һΪͬǴһ¾ء
һˣǾһ㡣
ξִ٣һһʱ߾ȹ㽫ĸݸϷԨȥģׯδʳضˣׯ֥ӱȵġ
ϷԨƣ֥ӱϡ
ŨֽлƮƱǼ⣬ϷԨܾܲסԼʵǶֻһǿ£ǣãҰԵġ
һһ㽫ͳȥˣĬƬʣׯ֮ǰй
ʱϷԨѾʮָɶ⿪ϸӻֽóһָסϸʣûС
һɻΪκׯ׽
ǳֶϷԨ̧ƤĲ䳰ȷϰߣֻԼͣôñ˺׽
һҭԣþ֮ں̻׽ׯԵ޹ʵĺãׯͼ
ϷԨɫȻȥˣ֪
ųȵľ£ϮϷԨóһ֥ӱһ֣Ҳ
һҡ֣ˣׯ
ϷԨֵŰɣҳԲô࣬˲ǵӵ
һڨڨӹ
棬ҹɫŨϷԨһվԼԣľ״޶˵ţճɽףһķţԭϷԨƲЩʫԵīǱһ죬̾׾Թ϶ʱմҴң˿ȴĪЩͬܣѹ籡㲻ɢȥҪϢ
һʮж೤ָһӼ䣬Ѿ߹
ĥȥսıϲ
ϷԨٴǾ仰
δؽ֮ף׽еʵ޶ųΪ
ԪסĬ֮УϷԨͻȻʵ˵Ҫ᲻Ƿһ
ԪͷһӰڱ֡
ţϷԨöδȵԷĻش𣬲ٴ׷ʡ
ߡһĿԶǹⱻɫڸǣ·һνĽע棬һһ
գһʵׯأׯΣ
ϷԨ֥ӱֽд棬ЦҪζΪζɡδңȻңе֣ע޷ѡ
ׯһɰθ
ϷԨ״濴һôˣ
һʶԼʧ̬ϷԨûȥֻ
媾һ͵ӡȫƫһضȻվøߣϵĵӾˣ֮ս͵λȻԹۣ֪УһҸ˼Ҳǣ֪֣ҲҪȻ˵ģҡ
һ죬ħֽΪΪɽׯׯػΣҲȻҪһ֣ҲǣǶ㲻ӲҲǷһƸۣһԣ֮ضϷԨЦɣ˵ǲǺһֻأ
һţõǳȥϷǳ֣ʵת˰Ȧ
һһֱׯߡһ˵ϡ
ˡϷԨδÿɷֽųһţЪϢɣ


60 
ϷԨճתͤ顣ϷԨԸŹκһɵõȻҪķѼľͽ϶ʱ䡣ϷԨһĿʮУԹƣʮͨһ顣
ΪɽׯӰڵ֪ϷԨļƻ֮Ĳ£ҪӰڽΧ
ϷԨͷҡͷҷģôçײΪɽׯƺƴǰݷ󣬽˶֪󲻸ҶʲôٲΣ飬Ϊׯĵ̳£̡ǰڳһ֮صӣ˸Ӧ˵ҸڲҼͤˡϾǴʱ
ϷԨ֮֮飬㲻ټ֡
Ȼ⼸ΪɽׯӰҲзϷԨȥĴв̽ϼżġ媵İ梡
ϷԨǧһװԺ֣ǧҪߡ
Ҫ˵ﻹʲôɿأǱȻԪסԪǸִ˰ڲˣϷԨԾû˵ԪȻִҪڲͤΧǽ֮⡣
ԪױͲΪɽׯӰϷԨ޷ԡׯ뵽ԪǰһһִغҲ֮⣬ԪҪǵٴأ·Ȳ͵űӳա
˼ˣϷԨҲȥˡ
ﲢûʲôش֣ⶼϷԨ֮У媵¼Ҳֻ¼ǰݵǰ죬֮ǰļ¼ûʲôоֵͷϷʱѾں֮׾̽սűʷȫһʧѪɺӵսϷԨȻһ
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61 
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62 
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63 
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64 
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ϷԨĻ˼ߣʣ书ǿľһͷ緶΢ãһǻ¿ɼҲɼǽʯΪ
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쵽֪ôΪԼ̰Ҹ޷ɣԼĵð֮У֪պԼͶϡϷԨ
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ۡһɣʢһԺԴεĴشҶƬ뵽ʢ֮գʳɣҶ㣬ȻԸ³


65 
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˼ˣϷԨ÷·ԼһʱпܱըըҩһŲǡ
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½һڨڨЦȴҲˣĶŵüᣬһЩͻϷԨעֻعԼϡ
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ǰӰȥһй媵ˣûеõʲôõҲ˵媰ǳ׶ˡϷԨҲûмȥĴ㣬媺˼͵ĶԹħټΪҪչȡᣬ°빦
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ĿԣңңϷԨİģƮгһڿ԰ЪƬ̣̣ϷԨҡ
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Ϊɽׯһׯ֮־䣬ԡ


68 
δȻһϷԨѾ˰벽ָģﴽлæ֮гЩ£һҪһ
ǵֻ̬ǵʯ̶һɲ̵һ˲ξΨжʾһвǾˮµãһ񣬼ԼûжһƤʱϷԨҲδԼ׽
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69 
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գϷԨʵƷЩµĹŹ֮
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70 
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ӣҵġġһ˼ŮüЦģͷ͵͵ЦȻϵȡЦɫ̧ͷ㣬ΪɽׯׯҪȢȹΪҪ
Ůָһ˿Եãظλ߽Ĵʶ㣬ǿʶ֪Ⱦ˵Ĺذɣ
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71 
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ϷԨڰߣڰ£źϵ˲䣬һ˿̹磬һ׾δдһǣϷԨгһţеĹؼдڰϡ
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72 
գϷԨǣסһ֣ǱɽȺߵһɽ塣
һȺӰϷԨӰԶȥһǳİףʵĸΪһ壬Էֱ档
Ũ̵֦Ҷӵ㣬ػƵľΪ˼չģõһ֦£һزֻٶķʢĻ
ӰȴսǾҷɣһʼȵġ
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ϷԨʮָɶѸٽ⿪ᣬֱóеɻ״ƳɣԼٳߣĩһϴСưצϷԨ΢ǶʯԣȻʹһɫһ߶ڹǿнصס
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ϷԨԸЩΪ޹ؽҪϸ˷ʱ䣬ֻҡҡͷҲ£ǳɹǱץʱʼɡ


73 
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룬ȻĿǶ̱ڣԼһ֮дĹذ⵹ɣһȨ϶ΪһڵİڽɽָҲδɣҲ㣬һ֮ϣȨޱߡ
費ҪޱߵȨ
ֻô
򵥵Ԥһ֮д󣬿ɱ嶤顣
һ֮Ĵ𰸣ߣεȴĪԥˡ
Ϊӽ˵һεһֱڰеݣȻԽεԽľΪ鵽ʲôܣΪʲôûв鵽
˵£Ӧջۡ
ʵȴǣһ
кǰйص¼˼Ӵ޴׷ݣ޾ݣԼйص¼ʵԶҴɡεȨ꣬µ鱨Ѿ൱죬Գϵ⣬һ߽Ѳºۼ
ǣǰļʮĨȥԼĹȥ
֪Ϊе˵²⣬ƺ൱ҲεĻš
ʮ伣ζżʮδѣֻһλãҲֵʮһյزΪӪ
ͬԶص֪ϰεȻ裬͸뷨һУʲô֪Ƽˮľˡ
εĿֳ䣬۵ǺصһŨīӿ
ܰţԷþȣ˫ۣҲǺϵģѻ۽Ͷ°ȦӰ߹ճǹĿ״
ǰƺѾ磬֪
ڰժأ
һҰһεĵ׷سŵǳ֮ΣþһֶΣõԼ֪ܡ
εʹսֳɢߵĶдָۣſѾһּڶԷϣڣֻҪһÿܾͱ¶Լǰ
ֻҪأŵԷ
ֻҪƿһǣٷŻأװ·
ε趸Ȼӿ죬ѹֵĺǱĿ־彻֯ƣҲεӼᶨεѡ񡪡Ҫʲô˾ӡ
εסָѹϣ̧
εţɡ
Ȼ𣬼ᣬȴڼžҹ־ɤƺŨ˯ʱѵ룬εس̾һƣ˵ժġ
һĽˮ߹̶ϣǿȡ£Ƥһ˺תε裬Ҳ˿Ķûܿ
Ȼ˼磬Ҳ⡣
ԭдѾڲ֪ɢˣڼѵõԴεֻ±һƬͶȻңԶģȴȻѵ衣


78 
ϷԨִСʱһҹ
ľԽתԽͣˣѹˮʯ壬һˮۺˮ
ϷԨڻһĲ£ڴ
СǰС˼ԼںϷԨæǰһׯѾʱˡ
ϷԨԲ֪ԼӲⳡ̸ܽ⼸ڱȻҪһν󣬶֮ǰһİš
ס
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ϻһֻ֮ǰ飬ʱαдĽȻ˲Ϣ䣬ڽʿѾ̻̲գ粨սΣ޿Ԥ֪
ûгĴɭɭһƬϷԨǵڶǲϰߣȻ
ׯĽôˣ
䵽ĻϷԨէ죬ǹе־䣬ĿгһƽĮ
ϷԨûаڽ֪λã˵Ҳ㲻ϣϷԨ֪Լãǽ͵һ˽Ȩۣλӳһ
ֻСˣ޷ϷԨƵҡͷʣҹãΪ£
ϷԨ˵Сˣ㲻ʣֻǿһ䣬ׯ·ˡ
㿪żɽֱҪʵׯȥǱɽƿµ󷨣ضҵһЩսдĺۼ֪ׯʲôش֣
ϷԨǰȥǱɽǵõָʾߣ֪֮Ǳɽ˼µģҲǴõϢ
ڣش֣
ϷԨȻƳһ˿Цζƺʲô֪ҲżȻһϣǼˡ
費ԼϲϷԨһֱ֪һ䡰֪εõϢ֪ǱɽҸ׵ĽûУΪ֪ǰ׷ѿˡ
ϷԨջĶࡣ¡
ϸϸ
áϷԨ֣صһ£һ״ʫĿĻΪƣЧ壬ɱ콵ּ⣬ƺΪĳЩ飬ŷ
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Ҳ˼ͨ͸Ҳʫ˰ɣ˵ǳﱻһ£ƺڰʾжߡ
ϷԨȻڣҲȷȷʵʵˡ
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ϷԨ渵ǰ㣬ҴԪºɵõĿɿϢԪ˹ԭ뽭ϵġа̡ıϣȻǱɽɽʯ֮ϣа̣۱ĹƬΣҽйؼִʲ²⣬ǽʧѾõġԪҲпħ̹Ҳԡ
ʵ㳭𣿡
ϷԨԼдֽͳ򿪣ݸˡ
ɼīչǰһ࣬ͨһ飬Ծǲϲף˵˵¡
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ƺǲģҲҪ˵ԪܣҲҪ˵ܳĺпǡԪĲ£㲻ҪκƲ⣬ֻóʣеڳ˾ͺá
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ϷԨһʱԣȴԼ֮⡣
ϷԨ˵˵ν󣬿ɱȻ޷ȫˣⲻҲҡҡ׹ڼҲ˵㶦ҪεˣܿҪʵ
ԣǾͽļƻҲÿʼˡϣһ£ͻȻЦʵѾʼˡ
һΣϷԨȴ軰⣬֪һУѾ˷
ˣԳԣȴԼͬؿʼԡ
ЦøӲãʹ˴򽻵ʡʡԭׯһַʣСׯˡ
ϷԨƤЦⲻЦػصҲңŲĻһʯ񡣡
ҹׯҹ̸̸ֵ²лᣬٺúһ𡣡
辶ֱľţ֨ѽֻ˾һƤ
ƿ֮ǰϷԨȻס

£Ȼͷʱ»ƴ룬ӳԲϣΪ֮һ˪
ʫ˴ģԲԣ
װȣŶγԣ
ʵ֪ϷԨܿƣҲδϷԨ
ȹлԼĴԣƻеһˣȻ״ʫҲȻõָ⡣
Цһׯϣң
ʵģǴ¡ϷԨסŽ˪ѩ¹֪ĽֻͽȻȴûסԾɲĵػʵ㣬ţǳһ𣿡
ȴﴽЦøӲˣ󴽳ĳ޶˵ĵ˵ô֪
ҰӲ£˹شص⣬ֻ侮ʯһɵĸǿݶɱţǿɵˣá


79 
һ˸·ٶȣԤ֮лҪѸ١ǺС̸ĵڶգʱһ̤ɽɵĵ̡
Ϊ֮ףλνǾء
ׯ媷ѾһѪԪʩøùһٽħ̼ѾΪϵʵ˵Ϊ˼媵ķṦΰԪ꣬ħ̱꣬ҲԪԪꡣСԪ֣ȡⱾдɫʵġԪеǰ֡
ȻҲ˵ԪǷֱԪժȡһ֣Ϊħ֮սԪ¹û
֮˵硣޴ӿ֤
Ϻ˵࣬Ѳ˸ϵɴ˿֪ڽеĵλСʣµĸƽɫɱְڽɽ
ѱյһ£ֻǼǰ飬ȴɣڽ÷зమֵĴСŷ׷ǲϻߵӸϵڣֻ˵Ŀñɵľɡ
ʵ̽һ̽ɵʵǰ˽⽭ҲиΪ˽ύѵóɽһε۴ںĿģǿ˵ǣΪһڵͷˣд书ĵá
ٵټٵһ仰εźһЦ档
ȻǵС˼ȻңҲ޷ŸϿͣ񲻺ϡΪͣ޷ھٲ湦ҲҪλֻܳưͿ
ˣ
֪˭ڱڵĿͷ˷ܵسһɤӣһ˲һľȫˣеѾĴҴҵشɽȥеĻ¹ڣﰵԽ
ԭɽ£Ӱϡ裬ԼĪʮˣִУֶ׷ɽ۰ͰʹǰĽʿ
ӭ
ݼ

ڶСģǼżĽʿ׷ƻʾãֻǺߵȻأԴףػ䣬ʾԼѾҽ֯Էֱݵʺ
ħսһʮΪδ˽꣬ҲΪ֮׵ķִ硣߸ϹˣȻ򵥷ܹȥǷĽύϾֵá
ֻϧЩһ˼ͽˣգʧ
εҲڳ
ݣ˶٣һɽɽŵϢɽӭӡ
Ǳ⸱
βסķеεǰԹֻ⿴һ͵ĽվǿʳķҲ޿ɱ⡣ҲһԱ
ε貽ǰЦÿף˼˲٣εͳʹԼɤºʱֻ״Υ͸УҾδȻ׿Ȼ
ѹεֱ⣬ʸչѾãղԶǰñڣΪ£
ʵΪζҶֻ֪ǱϺͺװɵ㶣ε費ܻȻ֪֮ôʣ̽Դµ̬ȣε֪УǷѾǰ̣
ȴȴʵؿ׻ȥţд裬ɵӷɰȻֻǱʱչͻƿ֮ʣ޷ɽĿãʵڱǸεŲҪ
᣿εЦǰҲֻǣǻԲâ
εֲң̫ˡһЦߣ˲żüãεֲԷƱ
˻ƨȴ˭Ҳû˭Ļ棬ʹ⽣꽭ˣڸ۽ЦصĹɾˡ
ͽεˣ
εﲻΪ⣬¶ȴһܳģֻ
֮ԻǰڣЩݡ֪˾ٻ뱱ڵĺȻʵΪѣ֮ߡεӰȺһ˵˵Σס翵Ķʱʯʱ縡թˣһŴˣǧźޡȻԸ¼ɿɣԸɱ˲¼ɣˣǰ֤һ
ε΢ɲüԼ˵ףӣҲǸԲˣػת̵໰Ҳѻ˵Ǹ˼ֱ棬ƺҪȸ棬ٴһơ
ипǾڻεȴ˵᣿ȻףҲиѴ
˳ƼεңãϣŻ棬Ҳ塣Ȼк֣ȫ׼ҲԸ⴦¾أʹóҶѿ
˵˻ʱõмѱǸ⣬εȴ˼ǣѲԱʱ֮裬ùԹ飬򣬱飬ó½Ӣܡ
˲֮нġ
ԽɽȺϡ裬ֻʣһȺɫۣûڿݻƵ֦Ҷ֮С
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ԻһҪԸεȴʹһ˲ͻȻ뵽˳ϲңڹǲƤ߹ճĶǣǹǣٵµĺǣιǣŨʱ֬ļȹǣֺǣģ޵ġ
ɫɫǻ衣
Ƚεʵ
ǰλǱڵĺ֮㣬裿
֮ԳΪ֮㣬Ϊɲʮ꣬һλá
ǡ蹰ֵ裬ݼ
ҾȻֵΪҪߣ
蹧º͵شòªŵˣ˲Żڡ¡
԰οòȡޱŲȻˡ
ǳЦݵǱûУлο
㲻̸ò֣תʯĿ¥΢΢۵Ȼ˿ɣüһţźϺ
˵ǼһţʵҪȥѲһˡ
εϬؽһ񣬵ʯ䣬ײһ˲˶˶Է˼
εЦŲչұۣƳϣһ롱ƣǸɡ


80 
һĽɫ¥չӳҫҫԣΡ׳硣
Ȼȴƽ棬Ľɱ⻪ΰöࡣ
ȻȴȲϸӲپ֮ǰɿνǰŪ
ҲˣȻи߰ʱһģȴֱ󣬹ϳɵش̤¥ʯש档
ֻϧû߼·ͱһӰס
һֻһ׺룬ģĳشյԼǰ϶αƵļЦð
ԼжϣԼĪλϣףǰһλţ֪ںδ
׺볤ϱƵ˺벽ҡҲ֪
ֵҼŴ粻Ų죬ļڹǸɫڿǺݣ
׺볤ϣǳϡ
΢΢üΪϣȻҲ֪ŵ٣Ǹʹɻк֪Ŵ˿ںδ
ط棬Լͱ̬֮׺볤һʱû˵֮׳Ҳ¶֣£ĿƽԹˣʱɽˮʱ˼䣬ʱбչأҲǰ֪ǼλһҲӰ
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͵˵ࡣ
ɫ΢䣬һ¡
ôҲû뵽̫ԵĳϱҪޱδ׾ӣ׺볤˵ʱҲûƣĿ룬һ̬ˣãġ
һߣεȴǣɳ⸱ģѲɣè壿вɸ˵ܣ
׺볤ϻ䣬ϵЦ˸ɾ΢΢üɫ֣أǲľȻȻҲһ֪Ҳ鷳ˣȨŴ·ҲصһҴ
ʲôУ࣬ȨŴ·ͲڿɵĵҴˣ
׺볤ϾٳٶۣҲ֮ԭļƻǣԼסǰˣΪȡʱ䣬·Ūɳ׾˵ˣǵڣ˵壬ôѿɾô
һҪ˷׳졣
׺볤ϵʱад²ȫĶԲߣֻϧͲŪתǧػ⽩֣Ҫ΢һЩҲó˾ˡ
һʱ벻ӦԵ˵ǣ׺볤վԭأ֧֧˰죬Ҳ˵һ仰
üëԽԽۿ;ͿҪＫޡ
εԹɫһ˳ǣǳ׺볤ϵԶ¶޸ڣΪǿϴɣһ࣬ǿҪסֱǲ֪ô
˵ǡǿɡǡ㡱εһԣѾⳡûתأΣ׺볤϶ҪȥʵεеĿҪȻԿѲ飬뽭Ϊе˵
Ҳεôʵ֮תͷȥε裬ȴԷڿ
Ǽݵһ˲˵佻ڰգһֻ޿ӱܵطꡣ
迴ε賯ԼṴһЦ΢΢üü۽ƺǵ԰ڵ˼ֻԼ
ʲôصϡ
һ
Ƭ̵㶣⧲оֵسĶӣƿߣǿн˼תƵǰⳡ̵Ŀڽ֮սУ䵽Ҳʵصģӿ;ֻαװڲԼʵһ棬˷
Ҳε֮ѵ׺볤ϣһһͣÿ
׺볤ϼѾţ;ĩ·ĵزվǲԸεϡСñӣʱƣԸóһ·
ɫ䡣
ղȥŵիΪΪ׺볤Ϸᵽիڴ˵
׺볤ϴףСĬĬظ
εȻԼѾһǣ೪Ҳ޷ǺիǰҲʲôŵֱһ䣬磬ľһơ
顪
ŰεɲĹȻתҡҡ׹
⾰իڵĲһࡣ
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ȻҲڣ
ţڻˣ鷿֮ǰȥĴûҵ׺볤Ʈǰ
˿̻մմϲԲѵϲУˣҪ˵Լ֮ǰ֪ٵ˵㣣ץס
ⲻ֪ǵС˼Сͱʣ˿Ʋ˵ƣԱˡ
㱻εضԴҲգԴһԲƺӡ
෴æǰ΢΢ҲǽӲΪţԵϲ̨棬ݡݼ
׵򰲣Ҳ˵ѱյŵ˰ɣ
ǡ
޹زɷԲֻҪڽҪؽĹأ⡣ˣҾһףҲҪؽĹأǰһ顣ּ¡
˵ļȺֿһȻ
иʯͷû䵽ףߴȻһתâɳȴΪΣԭΪװ׵ģһɴˡ
ηӦܿ죬Ա˰벽վİ׺볤߳ԶΪͣΪϱ˶Դ
ȻָֻʼǸΨΨŵŵģЦĿˣðպúýѵ
׺볤ҲϿҵˡ
ЦݱȻҲǸ˼ģֻ˵׺볤ϲش֮ȴ᳤ֲֻΪ˲Ѳ鿪ɣһ䡰ĿˡŪȥǻС»СС»ˡ
Բ׷ʣֻӻֵ޷ԭ²ʾ⣬Ҵˣա
˲廰Ļᣬֱ˵˵ֻţҪһѿɣҲż¡
Ļʵֻ֪һ߸ŲݷϣǺ䣬һƣʮһӵϣһĽɫ
Ϊ׵ӳУʼ񣬺ܿ죬ʮ˷ֳʮ飬ɢɸء
ڼ䣬˵߶˷ӹһָֻ֣΢Ȼ׺볤һơ
׺볤ϼ״ᣬؿڽŸɳ


81 
ĵӶ˸ɾֻʣһԭأ
Ц滢ҲǵӦ֣ܿͺ̸ʲô͹ؾصشʲô̸˵أ·ñطֿѡ
ԵˣȨλţЩ롣
εⲽ鷿⣬ȻҲ
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費ϰεӽοŴ󿪣ֻҪһתͷɿǰ⾰æƺ벽
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ںŨܵ۽޲˲ȴûнӣĬһŵʵʱ㻹Ͷ
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ѱ棬ǷΪףҲҴɣħ̲֪ټ
ε費賤ƪۣ϶ԷģŲѰźһ𣿡
Ȼ䣬豻εĻҭסһ˲ɫЩѿڽʧȥѪɫ漴ѪɫŽӻôڵλãߴƿƮ֪ĳһԭεŻϲѪˡ
ΪҲδ˵εǰսĶߣᴵѾ˵ףѲ飬᲻С
ȴֵεϣͼƿεֿʼˣô֪
֪ʹ˼εҲͬԿȥˣվԭһ΢΢Цҿƺ˳ᢣг񡣡
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εټйӣȴиɻ翵ļЦҪʵʻض࣬εƺܺãͷЦ£׽ס󣬶Է󲿰׾˪ѩɫԼԵһЩƢӯӯһգ·𲻿һԷ˾Ͱ
ֻ֪ǿȥĲһԷѵѪɺӡ
ǿƵزݾܾؽɺƵԷε̬ȳϿҵҴˣ񣬱ҳˡ
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㡪ſ΢תͼѣ˫ղ֪ΪջΪ磬ȾϱһѪɫ桪
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ʵ衱֣ε軽Ρ
εܰڴϣҧԼĶ䣬򵥵ֽеöҲ繣ǵʱ·ϽҪ֮ະ֣һֹϵ˼ʽ·ܵõףӴ쳤ؾá
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轭꣬ɽһʱǧһһߵΣͷֻĵѹЩ
農ض磬ͫ׼ָֻޱϲİȻ
ε踺ֱĿԶչȺɽƵƣ²ԹƱۣĿ˷룬֮Ȼ˵岻Ҫˡ
֣ǶȻʶʲôȻ̧ͷεĲԥʵ壬ǲǡʲôĺ壿
εһ˲ͷЦһȥӿϵȻ̧ͷ̹̹ߣûС
ֻһͨˡ;ͣȻţǾŵĶƾŴáĵЦҪ˰ա
ǰìܵ˵һʱȻشףµ壬ƺҪ˵Щʲôȴһ߿һϡ
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һӴҴϢ΢ңλһһѺһ̴Ӵ꣬ұλһֲ涼ǷƵľᡣ
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82 
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һ֮ѵֻǿͷԼ棬ػأ
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εһԼȳʱ˲٣˰Ͳסѹɤ͵͵Աߵ˵ƺʱٲָ㽭ɽ߼պҲû˻ᡣ
С࣬εطٴҹʱȨĵӶ˵ˣ䣬⣬ˣ⽭һ£Ӧųκһɣ⣬¹ؽδҲһ۽𾦣򲻿¶ǹ˽𣡡
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83 
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ϷԨУǰڶľԣͫ΢һЩƬηڳˮڶȣ
ԣҵǱ޵еġԪƥ⵽˿ΪṦš
ׯѾˣ⡶Ԫ书ħ̵аһޡ
ׯǲ֪ǡԪʦʮһշеĳɹʦҹҹͣľѪű׫ɵģǸͺ¿ȻħаĿ⣬֮ܣ
󹦷Ըվ£Ȼۣȥ󹦷ҲУ޷ĵزֻܳħ书ķչ
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ϷԨʼⳡ粨ǰϷд衣
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˼ˣϷԨɿ裬ֻеض̴ȦϣɫȻϾˣ˵Ļ򱯻ŭ
է֣ĳЩϷԨǰߣƬ󣬵óһඥĽۡ
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Ȼɫѵиɻĵزվõ˷תһȦԵϣӣֶ˵
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84 
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⸱òģϷԨϲ¶ɫȴԱģ˿϶ԼЩҪˣðݷʱٽΪɽׯĲħս壬ݺԼΪɽׯղȻҲСˣΪɽׯҲһСˣǿϡ
Ӧûм׷ΪɽׯΪϷԨȥǱɽһ·ͨ裬Ͼл֮ҲǣܴԼƾͼƣӳһжпΪɽׯһⳡ֡
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85 
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ħ̹ɱţԼͷһۣ֪ƺҲϴ壬ҲܶԣǰߡҲ޷͡
Ϊһ顣
ĳĬ˸ķ߿ۼֿΪȺ֮ս֣ٽһʰʰĵزִ֣߿ȻŲĹ⣬ⳡʱһ䡣״Ҷħ̺֮ǣħУĿǰ֤ݣԸŶֻܿ϶ڳһش󡣡
ɶħɱ޹ʹѱҲ̣ĿǰõѡǣӻֻίţȥԪһˡ
˵ίǸ󼸷ֱ棬Ǵ֪ԪѱиѺ֮أ˼ȽʱѺѼ֤ݣһΡ
ǵѼ㹻֤ݣǺ£
˼룬һʱ⣬һ򲽣ݺȷʱٷųҲ֪أ㸴˼նأ
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ɣԭϵʵɣתۼ˿
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ԭΪ飬֮ȴ룬˿Ȼ粻ֹ
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86 
ǱıչصĽһĽ󷽲Ļħ߹Ϣɣ齭˷ڿԽԽףְ汾ƺоݣĿࡣ
·ǿǸʮ⣬Ĵħͷֻ̫αװΪӪǽ˻һɽ֤޷Ʊ磬
ҲˣֻԼԸŵġ
϶˶밲ȹ꣬ССֵĽȤΣķӿĽֻ˻̻̲գѰһشɵģ֤֤ȫĿţⳡҷзİнֽڿʤ⡣
űؽԪ£ҲԪºͱ˲Ҫ̫ƽˣ
ܿܿġ
ѱ˶ҲѸ٣ĵ͹֣ͬȷѺȥԪµ·Լ͵Ա
ѱΪ콭ˣȻҪһ⣬ֻΨһͬǣûÿ˻ͣһΪչ˿ŵ棬ϾԼĵӻ߳ϻͣҲʣÿأǵ˼뻤͵Ķ飬ܺ³ʲô⣬Ǻһ֪Ѻ׼ȷϸµ·ߡ
ѱŶδԻͣԼĪǴæˣƣڱһأȥɣоȻΪɽׯˣʵϷԨԲȥһͬǰ
Է磬ִ꣬غɽ֮ʱʮһ¼ա
𻪣࣬Բţǧ濾꣬ȴϣʮӶʮˮתεӰֻ
ﲻ̫еİʯɽתһҹɫ˫ɫɹҷϡɱ棬ݼĩ˵η紵ɳõ죬ҶɽǰֲһݻƣΧǽá
̶̲һµĹ⾰ȻʵɣѷǣⱻŸɺļٵؼ̤Ҷѵܡ
ؽɮľá
ڵõʦ׿ϺϷԨһ̤УӭǱԼһҪߵĴ񣬰׳ƣצδˣΪ̵Ļ񣬵һӦֻˣٿһۣ־η
ߣԲг棬ǽһͬȦУνáǹһƵ֣ͬС졣
ΪйѺߵȻ֣ܲһŲɥȪ
ϷԨߵĻɡ
ֻΪЩأϸ˼͵ĽΪɽׯԻ£ȻӲΪЩҪǿصĵطƻأΪɽׯδ֮ǰҲ뽭С
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ϷԨͬļ䡣
ļ䣿ظϷԨ֣Ƭ̣ۣڵƶһӣԼϷԨģ͵ʲôĵģׯһķˣׯҿҲ»Լ
ϷԨƽźαĻ䣿δŶһнת
תǸһϷԨİ仰ƺ˼ԷĻǷţһ˲üسһţ۵纮˪ĳԼк⸡֣˵ȴǵȻĮͲмǡĵ׸Ҷ𣿡
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Ϊڸɺ˵ԸɳƵЦƺţصھУֻĳþòƽ
ϷԨѹֲסĺ⣬лмǳԼģϾŴǱɽʯܳĲ֪ĹҲΪߵѵľƲ
ϷԨδǴеĿģȻأţ༰س˵ǾǡԪ
䣬ϵЦһ˲ŵĵɢˣ͵תͷϷԨ˫飬ƺ˵Щʲô־ȻؽеĻʻضֻ֡
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Ȼ䣬۽޲˼£ȻԣԼɫ
ϷԨʱѵֱ˵ʵݺ㣬ڸף𣿡
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ϷԨٽģ㾡ܳԣȻʦҷҽ̽࣬˵ͬһսߵģ㲻£顣
ϷԨ˵ġˡָλŵС䣬ʼһԲҲϷԨκζܡ
⻰˵ޣҲûӵĽɫ˼͸һ¾ϷԨ˼
ϵĳڱһȡЦذף˫Ŀſգɻ󲻽૵ΪʲôѾ͵ˣҪҡ
ϷԨװɵ㶣˻۸Ӷ󣬸οǿʳĽһţǧ֮ϣλȨأ绽ꡣĬĬŵС䣬û˻ʲôʲôǿ֮ףվĸˣܵӵĿˣĽҲõۺ켵ʣԣ޿ɱ⡣
ϷԨĳڽ²λΣա
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ͷϷԨӣʵׯ𣿡
ϷԨҲκˣĪտڲԣĿܶûС
⶯Σ¶İ㣬ʩϷԨһǰΣҧҧ˵˳ȷʵҪݺҡıս̫ˣԪᱻץǿ̣Ҳſơ


87 
Խٴ̾ϢվǵĽǶȣЩΪǴԼõƲ⡪
ǵ֪õˡԪÿڽھµǰڹۿд裬ļƶű˳ܲնȡԪ⣬ڻ¥ʱһһƵҼƻĳʿЩͣԷʮ˹ȥֶ֮ߣɴһݣÿ˾ɱ
ֻǲ¥λµĳһԱվȻȻ£ҵĶҲ˱¶
̶˵Ȿ飬ֿܣһǡԪˣҴӳõģħаֻҥҥӲ˵޵еġԪǰߣǺߣҶǻħ书ɳ档
ǡǲġüϷԨҡͷվҵĽǶ˼һ£бֶζȡġԪҲǣɣʹ֮ȫˣΪʲôҪڱڽʮɱڱڵĵϳ£Ǹɣ
ϷԨ˫΢ƺ˵ЩʲôջѡĬûдĻǺҲ˳¼˵ȥ
ͲüĽҵõⱾԪڳﱻ֮󣬶ûаǮϵΪҪ˵һսߵĻ۵ļıأֻĻ֮ˣʵ̫ģ࿴޹ؽҪЭͬٳڵĽ֡
ʵ̬ݱ˳ġ
дĵһţдȴճУڴڼ䱱һֱڲһͻ̻̲ƺ˵עⶼתƵ뱳ݷħˡԣдĽڽͲôҪٺɵĴȣƺֵһᡣ
ǣдĽɵԹ߾òᣬԿɶԣ˴ɣǾӸҲء
ˣ⣬ٴͣ٣̾Ϣ
ʵд֮ǰɼλҾ㷲ΪɫйƬ̵ĳѡʵ棬Ϊۡ
ۡ
ϷԨͷһԼѾǵһĸ֡
ʵɵ书;ĩ·֮أ֮ǰʤ࣬Ϊʵңңȣʱʵġǽ겻ͬɻţ˵׳־ͼͼΣˣд֮ǰ볤ϾͽܷʤۣĪһǡ
ȻдĽǸҹ¡
ϷԨȻδģȴඥȻ˵ģⳡת˻Ȼȴ۵֡
д裬󣬶뿪λ϶ٲ취Ӱ˼Σʶʱͨ䣬һд裬һдҲܶɽ𣬾Ҳ˵ЩڿҳƵһͷСٲΪֲ˼ȵһ󣬿ɾҪȡޣֻڽҰʷо˵С
ʵҲǺ⿪ɵĴΪԭҲǱױŵλãҶȨƲǡ
ҡ꣬ǿɵĴֻغһˣҸοţڳħսӴֻýɵδҡѪȻ빼Ըÿÿ뵡֮⣬ҲܻȰҡߣҼعؿ꣬նͷųΪĿһԱеĴβſ˸ͷȻǣɵˣҲܽܡ˿ɵȥͲܽƾһ˵ϲá
֮ǰἰģۣյ书ݻ˶壬Ҫһνϼѣ죬뼸λϲ跹˼һҹ뵽һӡ
תۼϷԨһ֣һ˵ġԪ
ǡ׵뿪ɣͬΪѧеĸӲ֮ɣ书Զڿ֮ϣȻĹ֪֮ڲؼȻ뿪ɹǡԪ˵Ҳ媵ֱʣ佭֪ηԪÿڿһ˿⡣룬ܵõǱ˵޵еġԪǿɵδоˡ
ʱǱķɱס˫ۣ¾ĥʵɵһתһյľۻһҲҵ󣬵жÿڽ۵ʼѰⱾĹʵﲢ̫ϣϾ˵ٲΰ룬ֻҽһΣǲ룬һж˳ʱµ˴Ϣ˵ҵˡԪ
µдһߵߣҡײƭ˽ŵʿڼа̯书ؼоСԪ
ݡ֣ϷԨ۵΢䣬һ˲š
ҡԪʱԼˣʵ̫ˣɵɣĻţԭҲţɿڹϢ͸¶ȥ½ⱾᴫŰɼһмص书Ȼǧ֮ǿ书ٵƿӭж⣬ǲġԪܽ⿪ȼü֮ҽܳ˺üַǣһͬȥСʱ룬ԷǵˣݺңôġԪ͵أ
Žһúĥҷ֣ԭԪܹ֮޵УΪȡħ֮Լ̣֮ҸȻɥħ֣֮Ҳҭʳħе书ʹͬʱҲò媣ĿⳤԶհԶԭһǰͷ֣յĹڰȻеĵز
ٺŵһȻɺܿҲõϢֻرӰȴȻѣڵĿħ书ģ֪ٵġԪȻҪѣǲܽⱾ书ؼϳʲôͷһȷѪ꣬Ⱥ֮ս
ϷԨͰףаȷʵԸǡԪ˹ۺ죬ϼ͵ϮɣµһġԪ
ʵҵʱܹݺģֱӽյҲкЩ顣ЦݿɬЦȴǿޣǰڵĵһ죬Ǿ͵õϢǶΪȻִֻҪЩյ˵Ҫ飬ʹļףǺȰǲԸʹȿΨһĻᣬ֮ǾСҶ֮飬һƵ˵ǣ˫һÿ˱һΣЭѡԪȫıյ
⡶Ԫôñǿ媵Ĵоʮ죬û꣬Ӳǿпƺ޹ɿѭ־䡣ҴСͱŸױű飬ΪţҪϱű顣
ǣĶһټϰ᲻֪ʲôʱ򿴳Ԫеܣ͵͵鱣ǵжվǱ¶ˡ
ȻüǸ̰ޣƣĻʵ̫׼Ķ˽ȥѱһ֪һ˸ϵѲʱ㹻ʱ䴦Щᣬǣ̰Ҫȫ󷴵һ޳ɡ
ԭˡϷԨɫʵ˵ЩҶˡʿг𣿻ߣ˭ݺ㣿
Ҳ֪û֤ݡһнҵƲ⡣ü˼Σ˵˼Ȼı˵ܿ϶д裬ɻһһƲһ㴮дʮһΣʵ仯Ӧֻбڲ˵˿֣ﶮЩ
ĻƲ⣬ֻʵѡε衣Ȩһд赱źԵĵһεд裬Ҹڣ衣
ϷԨһʱԣĬƬ̣֣µض˵лԸ̹Ե߾ܣԩ
ׯңҸм
ػĴԣϷԨȻڳ״̬
ȴ꣬ϷԨ˸ͷʣһʱ֪·
һ㣬Ĳ²һģҲĻ衣
ϷԨﻹиϸ֦ĩڣ֤Ʋ⣬磬дδҪǰȥ¥ʱһ⣬˵֪дĽǿ󣬱磬ǰԤʾɽֵĴʫΪɵĽǰƣٱ磬ܳɽġԪº費𾪣δ֪ڽϲҪ˵
ϸһϷԨΪƲϵѡ
⣬Ļ֣Ǿζ֪Ԫܣ֪ǱɽʯСԪĲ¡
Ϊʲô֪Щ
һԵĳ׵ĴŭٿһۣȻëȻ


88 
ϷԨŵؽõϣֻͼλҹСһͬɭɲľУԼ尾ҹ㯵̧ͷһҹա
ǳţҹ˾
ХþòȥϷԨָץڣͼסҹ磬ηëÿÿͻ᷸ϷԨں˪һɫ¼ߺȻײһյɫķε˳ŵƹϿȥԪף
ӲӵĻӳֽĵıڣסغϷԨŨһƬϺüĽˣɫȾһůƣ֣Ҳǰʵ˵ͽӹԷеľһֻϷɻ潫ճһ㵭Ѫɫ
һŲ벽վڷ紵ķǿסݷ磬ϷԨʵ㷽ȥ̸ˣ
ϷԨֻ˸λãûȥůһֻ֣Ȼܲµҵ١
ͣٵļ϶ַתĳϣͼͬķɢֱı֮Ը⼸ĽųѱԪһ⣬Ϊܺźú̸һΡϾδµʵǽֻ˷룬̽
һʣԭ֮ǰ͵ҹʦ
ϷԨ΢̧ͷЦȻҿɲûյ顣
һƬ㶣ҲϷԨǳЦһ¡
ϷԨûһʵľګ֮ɫׯжôߣȻȻȥǣһ֣ŶԷںָǴıʵĴУǵõʦ׿ϲܹãΪɽׯҲֻһдȨȥֻվɵȡ
ԣվ˶ã
ֻñ˳ɵӲƲڣǱϷԨסַֻ·ɲ֮ɱ񣬶ã㶵˵ûá
ϷԨüִʳһ𰸣ûǶã
ʵʱҲ̣ϷԨаϾԼ뾲ʱŽһ㰵ңѾŨīϷԨͷЦ˼ͬʱָָڶԷֱشȦԵͻһԼԤ֮еĽ̬
ܺãнû˦ҵ֣ϷԨĵ
һţʱ
֪㳣֣þׯΪ˴µ׼֮һϷԨҲС϶ѿ࣬û»иҪؽֻ֣̽ⲽ֮Իһ˵ȥ̽һ̽ŵ˵ǣʳ֮֮е顣
ƾԼ˵ļ䣬ϷԨԼеĶԻԭԭظһ飬û©κһɵϸڡ
ϣϷԨ̧ʻһã𣿡
ûָգڳһһӦҪϷԨ˭ǻһûУǿϷԨͼǽⳡеǱ㰤һ顪
ţҾа˳ɿš
ϷԨüͷһȤʵŶγԣ
ׯھõĶԻ˵̫ˣϷѣܸôһ˵ǣֻֿܡ
һѣδѣ׼ʵͶϤԷжҽ϶Էļıƾͼƣƺ޷죬ԵĻѻ
һ֣صʵԸŲûѡǶ˼ͻᷢ벢ԷĶͱȫԲø걸ĶԲߣãҲ׶ԷƲߵ״£ҪװԷƣⳡ粨̬˲Ϣ䣬һĻ֮кУֻҪ̤һͼпʹԼ֮ء취ԼȫժȥȻǸΪǵѡ˵ϣŵֱ֣Ҳ١
ϷԨ͵һҲãǿŵġ
Ϊ˵Ƕ֮ǰԼָʾҵӦоħԪһյԤԣ㣬ϷԨӼᶨԼĲ롣
дԼţܣΪɽׯӰ֪ϷԨҲһӽͣô˵һȻ٣ǵóĽȴԼһ¡
ϷԨʣǳأ˵ĻǼ٣
ɰɡһ˭֪ݼտǷԷθ˭֪ѪᣬָʹҪЮԭʱ־壬һѾκã˭֪ûκã
޷϶
̬ԽԽ֮̽УϷԨԾȻԼοٻһԼ뷨һµģ˵ԼĻ֮˵ľ֣ʱûбơȥۣƣ沨
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ϷԨתͷĿԣֱײԷȴ̹ףЦҲãůƵĻУԵøҶĿ˵ǸòỹҪϬһΡǾŵɶһģһİɣ


89 
̸Ѿһͬⲽ強ǰȻϷԨҪЪϢķ䣬һھǰϷԨҲҪȥ
ֻû˵꣬ϷԨǾƲϷȥģȻˣϷԨҲһҪƬ̹Ըûһ뿪ˣϷԨ߬סһģǿӲزݾܾؽԼУٽźϡ
̨ԣݲȵƵ֧ϷԨԼŲһ̨λãһĻһٿ̨Ų磬öԷҲյʱֱӱε۾ͬʱʵ˵˵
һȡ
á
ϷԨͣЪߵߣȡ³֧ժĲͣ·ľԣŴϣΪ˵ǣǰìܣơ
һ׵ȷʵˡ
˵ˣˡùصŴ˿ȫ˿Ϸؽţʵʵ絲ɾϷԨ޺أһִϥϣһ֧ڲΧϣһ˵ǣģ
ϷԨʻһվŲô
ЩȥˣһϰϷԨ磬ΪׯԼί˵Ϊɽׯİ׻ʮĹοڻǻӹһšԪסƤ
һϷԨԶһЩλá޺һͷ£
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Ƿǵ
һ˲䣬ܰѹֵţԭսţֱĵ⾪
һȻȫס·𷽲Ǳ˻ǣֻԳɼʱϵڻع鱾壬ܹ֧ԼɣһɫŵƿϷԨֵʲôĲˡĶ£æ½϶ѥ˪ľţͼٶ뿪ⳡʧȥǵģƺ׷ģ鸡ξ


90 
ϷԨһֱ֪Լӣһһװɵݵн粨ƽٻΪɽׯ
Ⱦ뽭ׯ㣬Լڽ˲ϢľʱѾÿʱÿĵС΢˵֣Ҫĵˣıദδ̫ЦҲ̫ɱ
ʹѿڶ֣㲻⣬㲻һʱй¶
̫ˡ
ϷԨۣæ´ǳվס
ԷĽŲʵɲǵͣ٣գۼ䣬ǲĴæĵһ
һֻ뾡ӣŵĶ̫̫šžһݺĻڵ档
űײƬľںо
ŨīɫϷԨ׾ۼ³ס
½ձϣ죬˭֪˻᲻װɵ㶣
ϷԨڻһʵʲô˼
һûлشϷԨͼ׷ʣ˵ϲ
ϷԨĵشʣ˵ĸ𣿡
ûлӦ
еǻɻңҹ˸ɾſľһṦΰ󣬻ҫҫһݺݵϷԨ˫գĴʹ
书ϷԨ֪Լ׷ϻһοǰЩǱɽһУϷԨ˵ףȻ֮˻ָѰ˿죬ⲻʱ䣬ϷԨĽ˻δ׺ȫ
ǲĵ׷ϡ
˾ԽԽϷԨһʱļټӭǺһ磬ף΢ȻؿھҵؿԣҪ³
ηëַˡ
˼ºڲôϷԨ̧ͷʱȴһʱѾվԼߣ̧һֱֻۣԼ˳ϷԨһ˦Է֣ǲ𣿡
һ궯˶ȴһֶû˵
㷽ŵľٶʲô˼ϷԨٴʵ
һĬ
ߺº֣зӵϣڿ˵Ц
ϷԨִڶԷĴ𰸣˵ԲãˣΪʲôӦͬ𣿡
ΪԪסϲϷԨ
ϷԨ룬һҵԼ֮ǰ˵Ļɴݺ˰ѻһΪɽׯˡ
һԼϷԨ⣬ֹһľĬŽͰͣ૵ֻǾáȻׯŲˡҲ뱻
𣿡ϷԨüŻһ۾ȴƿˡ
Էԣҧ˵ǡ
һӦϷԨ㶼ҪЦˡ
ûпƻһݣҪһƭˣ֮ǰ˵ԸںȻӵ㣬һ֮ǰΪԼϲˡԪסݣǸոջһ
˼ãʱϴ˻п⣬ǸոϷԨʱѵؽµ֡
ŻһƤϷԨ۵Ѿͬ衣
һôޱ
ĴͲܿƽľơ
װɵΪһеķӣϷԨϣͲһһ˰벽ѡҪôԼߣ̹ȻԼʾãҪôΪɽׯ۲ΪԼֲԸ̹ȫ飿
ͷϵׯ롣
ڸգ֮һ̳Ļ⣬ϷԨʼԹԼԼûǸģݲĳħսҲסϾ
ϷԨԪû谭ģǺͻµеġ
ΪɽׯǸׯ棬˼Ͷׯ棬Ӱðׯׯ档
˼ˣϷԨͷʻһЩǰìܷ޳ΪǲΪׯ档
֮ǰûʣΪʱΪһǰӰݲûرԼ⣬ֻѡԲһһװɵΪԼ仨⣬ˮĵ˼
ȻߣϷԨӲȥˡ
ǵʵʱø㡣
ʱϷԨһλȻ򣬾һ˿ʳڣֱӽҴһݣ쿪ʼ˵Ĺϵ»ҪԶһ׹㣬һӰĹأҪʼԱϹϾ˱ᡣ
Ϊׯ档
ϷԨ˼ֻصϡ
һǰׯ棬ׯ˶š
һʼģԽ׳ذ벽ܲΪׯ֪֮
Ϊʲô
ʵϷԨܲµΪԼǵã˼ͶأռһԤԣӰׯϲׯӢϷԨԭûϣǴڶԤпԼδˣԼҪһغһٵԤء
ֻǲ֪˼ͶԻһ˵ģԿ϶˼͵Ȼֱܣܲ˵Ҳܻ֮˵Żһ
ϷԨ²ܿǺߣôأ
Ѳɰ˵𣬷ˣһҲҳݣ
ܵġ
Ʋׯͷһγ޲ߵζҲǣҲǣֻ˦һ仰ȥ֮ǰ˵ӴԺֻϲһˡˣ㲻ңԭˡ


91 
ɫɢȥ
ң޹ǣƮĸëֶֻһҶ㣬ͻ֯һƬ˷ɫȴģǱţʱŻУɽ
ǲҪˣ
濴˼ۣͷӿ첽
Щеû
ĴҴңһ˲Ȩɵիεƽʱǲʮа˾Ŷ
һס֬壬մӰ͸¶΢ָѪָ©׹أ׹˲Ƶһζǰͣס˽ŲĺȴûؾֹȻҡΣǱϸ޷Ȼ
ߵüˣ費ɺЩһֻȭ״ʳָҪߵ˿ľ壬ȴֹڼһ˲
ʯɲǣû֪ʲôͻȻ⡣
ǰľƣȴնز֪ںηκȻγѣȻתʯ̨ףһشȥ·𱳺Ǻˮޡ
·һ˲һ֮޿ɾҩص塣
ˣΪҪߣ
֨ѽһſ޿ԨεһӺݻĽֶۣ
費˰벽
̫߳ͷһأңϡ£
һ
ε̶˵ֲţ²ǽӣź˰ɣ
ԷϴλεЦ⣬ֻһۣŤͷԷˡ
εü棬汻˵˰ɣ
ֻεЦ貶׽е⣬ãϲʤա
һеȻٸɽѩˣҪľʵıܡ
Ҳġ
룬Ǵ˿̺Ҳˡ
εͰͲסǰӵ裬ȴʤڻիУȥε裬ͷһسš𽵹󡱵Űݷõϲãϲ֮࣬ѹ׵ɫ
Ľ£իתһȦţεܹյǰĥ״һ䡣
ĬƬ̣ȥε裬ȷſҡ
ε軹Цô֮¶§§㶼ֻˣһˣ
蹣Ųظȷſ
εﴽǽ˫ɿˣҺ£
߬ڲò̽ǣһζش΢Żط塣
յɲǣεϵЦݵ࣬ΪʲôҪ
ԷķӦԤ֮У⣬ֻǶȻĵ֣΢£ָŸоһЩȥһ£֪
ӵɫͫеľκˣճ۵ף̧ͷʱ۵׾ֻʣһƬƽ䵭֪εһöҴ壬Ҳɺ֬Ҳա
ԣε˫ҴͲˣ
촽ƺ̾һϢ̫̫ˣӴЩ룬ֻԼ˵ңöεŵĴұ
ʲôε趢衣
˫⶯ιȴһҲû˵
ܽŵʱ򣬷룬
ε٣θʵʲô
ǰ˼
εһЩ뿴ֵȻ룬Է׵һεļ᲻ɴݵϣ߸׽˾ǧ֮⣬Ҳ⡪޷һ
곡ϷʱֻϷֻ̫ģװһͬٵ̫棬εԭΪ˶У侪Ѳŷ֣Էǧ֮⣬ɫޱϲ
ǸԼԸС
϶ķ˳ε½˽ȥ֫ٺսεθ˵
ɾĬ
£ֻаķʣһ
˾ضӣջȰεδӵĶ
أε貽ơ
ҲաΡ
εԣǼЦһɢΣֻʣںŨܵüüѹ˫ͶһƬŨصӰ˵ǣ͸˭͸˭
۵ӿζɫε٣ÿһֶҧüΪͳȥĶûջصĵ
ǰ벽ס׵ں˫㲻ҪͶˣ֮ǰ˵͸ŵĶǾŵĶƾá
ȴִҲ˵ҺεŲ潻ʧҪƣҲܰĶοһ£һĶѩ̧֬ۼ˵οҺôԭ
ӵˡεȻ˵


92 
εߵߣ͵ؽľƿͣһʱ޷ɣ̶ֻķľƱԵѻĿܣȦķı̿գĺˮ۽Ĳ⣬ҫ۵εתͷָ򸡹Ծĺ棬һһھӵӵӽˮҾҲҲҲʡۼķ
Ӱε輸ѹֵ˻
εڣǵ費˺벽һ˲ԷѾѹüӰӽڳںڣ豻εĿԣĿЮһŨҵѹȸУõͬʱȴⷢԷ۵ƺת˲ŵĺ
ǲóλȨصȨεϵģ˿ʱʹɫ
۾뿴øһЩȻת˲Ĺ⾰εͽеȫѻһŨī˫֮ͫУ
εܿ侲ҲƽһڹֻؼȵİݣŲСľŵˣҵĹŴ˲С˹
Դ㵵̧ײԷ˫֮ͫС
ǵ˫ֻϸĬȴһתűԪ֮ôҲ벻ףźҽͼʲôϾʲôҲû
ǺļƣȻƾԼܽɣΪʲôҪҽأʵǲףܲǣ׽Ұɣεҡͷ񡣡
ѵҳְ￪ɻΣվһ⵹ǿˡ
ֻܲ²⣬ȷˣֹ뿪ͬ飬ʹƻ;ɱⳡʵȫһʱѰΪȷһʧȲʤȯֻѡɫ࣬ϧ塪
ε衣
赱˶Էġ
ɤƺǶһ£Ǻܿͱ赭Ũܵڽ޾ϼأ贽΢ǣһ׶ˮ·ѿ̽⣬ҲˣÿԼӦЦʱ򣬱ܹ׾ٵЦݡŨȻαֿףȴиɻ
ǰεǴ˲Ϣ״Ѩ̣ұҪ֤ÿһڶɫ࣬塣
˵ɣ·Ȩɫ׾ͺ֮һҳݣؽ黳
Цε迴˾úܲҪԵɣΪ̫١Ц˲ԵϲƤЦⲻЦģװãЦˣһ۾ܿԷʵɣƫƫ޿κΡ
еķ֮Ȫˮðݣػļ尾˽ƲεЩʲô֤ԼĹϵ˶ྶͥκ˶Ҫǣȷ̬ԷжԾɿصķΧ֮ڡ
ε踧ֽ罫ѩ׵ĵֽ𣬴ɢһأ죬ε轫ѹڰ֮ϣ߬סǵ˫սžζöԷҲۣܵǲǣֻҪΪ˴ĿģԲֶΣûеߣ
軹ЦЦдֵЦΪĽӴεͿҵıʡ
ںڵĽ˲ĵ˵Ұһ
εۣʣҲͱ֡ף
ǰЦˡ
Ϊʲô
Ϊʲô
ε˫ֲʹļѾµָӡε辡άϵƽʵǱƤµĵ׼޵ζҪǣסԼɳƵʳ˭
ε衭ૣ˼˽ʵ˫ڲ׵۾䵭ñ˭⣬ʵֱ̫̫࣬ףƾʲôãˣҾͻʵ棿Ҹ֧һУҵĻֱ˵ңȻǡ
һһ䣬繵ϳ޿ɷ档
ε辡װЦΪҲ鲻𣿡
˭֪أ̾Ϣ˵ĵ鲻һǶԼȽġ
ˣЩҲҪε
ӲǿԼ̬ȣʵͼʵ÷裬ƵȻѷ죬ƺһ˲Ҫѳ촷ۣ֯ӿֵ˳ĥ֮Уһ뵽й¶ˮԵǶһʱǸΪҰ񾭾Ϳʼҵߥ޽һЩǵķ飬ԶԶ
εýһ˿ǣڶԷߵϸл֮ǰ˵ͳȥĶҲջҲ˵
Ƴǵ°Űĺ⣬㲻Ҫӵˤ飬ջ٣ʲô顣Ҫңһͷ㣬ֱ㲻뷨
εûش漴ס˫Ŀ϶ʣԺɱ𣿡
Ϣţ費ĵشǾҪεûеҵĵˡ
ʲôĵ
ЦұҵȻ㡣
ܿ죬ϵЦⱻʱʹȡΪεоۡ
ҵĺ˳ǰģһƬˮ뵣βʺĳɫձڿĥһЩûԭ
֮࣬边Ȼ˼ʼҡεһͲ¶ˡ
һ¶Ե˼ûв¶ԡ
һακһζҪۣ費˵ΪԷûҪ֪Щ֥ùӵ£εҲûҪ֪

룬µ߳Ȩɡ
Ҽݷ˵˶˵ɸ߰£չɽѩ֪ذ޹£ʵǺۼ
ǽ⣬У͸ˡ
ػʱбɽ۽һɫ
;ᾼɽʯԣɣײɵЪϢ֮࣬ʯġ
һнʶ֮ħˣҪ̫ƽ
һͣΪͬܰĵعˣ
Ҫ̫ƽˣ
̧ףԶ̿²֪·Ҳ֪;ȺЦЦȴδ۵ס
ǧ


93 


ࡪ󡪡
˰Ե½Ų䷳صظڹ򲻸ˣ˵ǰһ˶ģ
һ⼸ڴ߻Ľл޷飬ֻջطɢ˼ͷ½ţε£
½Цղʼѽ
һ
ɲǵ㶺󣬻һҸǡĽӦȥҪ˵ȴúһϷԨ䴫
塣
Ŷ½ŵͷ
סƬ̣Ȼֳһü۵ģƳһۻһתͷ͵۳ᣬٻͷۻһ飬ʲôɫӣֹҡͷ˵ݣƺ˸пϧ
Ȼʲôû˵
½Žѹͣһŵͣ㣬ͣׯˡ
һԣһʱĬȴֹס߬ס˫սˣɴֲڵƤǶС
Ȼһڲԣ㹻½ᣬ½ǰͷ˼Ƭ̣׼˵ЩʲôֻϷԨһǣɨԼ½ţʵеĻţ̫٣ô飿йǣܺԼ
½ŲԹɫ֪ԼĻϷԨʮа˾ҲҶģׯҴˣׯʲôɰٴܳŴׯ˲С˹ׯɼԴˣׯҴˣ찡룬һȥ֮һׯúýѵׯһذɣ
ϷԨ½ŷУԷθ˵ǣЦԷǣֲ̫ͣһֶ½żۣԹһջˡ
½֪ϷԨ˾ǲ׷˼һĵգ͸Լƽ޹ʶЩ£ӣׯγĺףׯƢ˶ʼ꼰㣬Ǩŭˡ
˭ŹΣ½Ű֮Ҹȼٴδվֻ࣬ζüﴽԵĸ˵һɫ
˽ӵ½ŵգգۣҲ½һ͵ЦϾǺѣȻϬ
Ϊɽׯһ뿪Ԫ£ǰݵĵ죬ʮһµʮգҲǼһ졣
ʳʲôеŵĽɣ
ȻУһǺպĴɡĪ⣬ûȡ
ҲϷԨҪȥĵط
ԣԵһγħս֮꣬µ͵أż߽ҲȵţֻĳЩ¡籱ڵд衣ˣҲֻϼλȥԼ档ٱɼΪؽ֮ã˸ǰȥףأҲɼӣ˵͵ĺһҲ٣챦ҩ񵤣νǳִ󷽣δ⻹˾÷ܡ
˵ν󣬳һŷӵذͽѵóӰڡ
ȣ²͵ʵ١
ֻ֢ΪС֣ҽĳ󺱼ҩģֻҪϵҩԽǼҽɹĿܾԽҽĲҲ򵥵ĺܣֻдһ⣬üذ׶ɽŵϣһͬһϣյױʻţȻ򲻾ȣ֣ںδҽΣʱ棬д
ħս֮ǰҲһȹʱеӶǷر׼ֱϳΪǺȻȻҩҽεĹأſھҪǧֵǵҩģңУҲδؿϳȣҲ˵βֱ졣ˣ཭˶Ʋȵ棬Ψͼûҽ£䵱ͱｫǧϰٱ顣
ƫƫҽһܹȵĵλ˵཭˿߻ϵɣҲֻܱһһڣϾһ涾ҪȵҽΣɼ佻񣬵ʱֻһ׼£һ߻ڲſȥ
ЩϲаˣҽȵӽŶϵĹβѰҩȵȷе֮أһ⣬޹
ϷԨͬΣб
ֻȵĵͼϷԨУȹֻƲ͵еĵͼ
̷ȻɽƎffԽƣϷԨǰ·ɽʯ򰣬У֮ء
ľľѣ޷ǰа벽ֻ˨ɽϣȥᣬһ˲Сʱǰľ̫仯Ұݴ֦ϣ¼ֻƵĺۼҶЬ棬մȾϸܵ㣬Ծ˼֮أһͨеСûУ̺ܼܡ
ʵׯûߴ·𣿡
ʶɽɫ⣬Ƭ̣ڻʳɽǲҲ󷨣
ȻϷԨȴŵżҪλ̤ˡ
һȴϷԨ
ƽ⣬ֻתһȻǰӦǡ
Ȼûãһλδ¹ӣ󣬵ǹΪׯ·
ϷԨǰлλӡ
¹ҲǿĿĵߣϷԨһ˲̫Ҳ֪һؼ֮ͬһʱ䣬¹ȻϷԨʹúߵһҩݡ
񷣬ƵЪɽܼݶºޣֱһϪػˮʯϣ죬߿ݻƵ֦ҡҷݻƵȺɽ䣬ذ׵ΧǽȦһСͳǱ
µŮӣһëİɫµĳȹӳɫʢŵĶ÷һͷ˿٣ǵɫҡ°ѹë׵ĺëϣмı۵˫գԵ񣬷֬ż⣬ϷԨ֣ݶϢڰнһƬϵ˫Цׯˣ


94 
ߵĽˣϷԨһûϵݣһ߰Լ¶ԷòΣһ߹ֻ񣬡ùõȡ
ϱϷԨ࣬˵ʱֻͷԷ¶͵ͷ޽ǵļ鷢üգϱڵ˫һشȡů˿ĲҡҡΣЦ᣿ׯٸ˲ׯ׼ʳסеʲȻǲҵׯģ
ϷԨҾˡ
仰Ĺ֮ȴʤ֮˶ЩߣһȻҲ⡪
ĵȹƺׯЩ飬ɰ˵Ӧǳμ棬һԲϾΪɽׯǰϷԨΨһ㽭Լȥ֮ΪɽׯҲûȵ˴棬ֱڣǵһ
뵽һȻƳһ˿ߣԣǵһΣׯӦ֪ǰȵ·ߡ
ϺͽԼֱģӴ󣬷ǴϷԨһ·߽߱ȵĲ֣ϷԨͰҲöԷǷܣĲɣӰżϼ䣬Ҳĳػش
˰ʱ䣬ٿἰԼҪδҪһϷԨʾԼǸ󣬻ȴδȥȻϷԨĳһһط֮ʼհԵĺɫӰ
ñط꣬ܲкҪҸˣߣΪҰˡǵһ䡣
΢̧ѩ
Ц״תչ⣬˵ڻټԼӮˡ
ʵߵʱδӦ뻪ϴģҲûо£ֻǴף˿沿飬߱ϹϾأشǹ㡣
½һ㶣Ȼˣѹͱͱߵĸ첲ЦС޸ǳôʶĹ˵
䵭ؿ½һۣʶֻйһ֮Ե
½Ծ׷ʵǺʱеһ֮ԵƽǲǸׯĴô㻹ʱ͵͵ʶȹң˼㻹йԼ֮ڼ棿ţ˵ϴμҲµ飿ʲôʱСˣȻܽʶɵȹ
ޱ飬Լ˵ĸ֣ݡ
½ŻҪʣȴߺȻ˵һ£ˡ
½ЦУ֪£ȥȥɣһס𣿡⽫¡ҧüأǵ٩ζƺ߲£Ҫ˽ᣬȻߵӰԶȥҪʧʱ½ϵЦȴɢˣֻζĿ⡣
˵ҪʢҲȷʵԣΪɽׯʹūͶ˲ˮϸɹ۽ǷԸԸǵģʳסһ
Ÿϼ·һܺúЪϢʳĹ·ʮȻŹƫ£ȣ·ʮһ֣ץһѿྵ졣
½ž·ʮұߣһ÷ɣ˼ڣڿ̾ȹӺʹвöడ
·ʮɰһ裬һŵȷʵ
½棬ҡͷԣưʳҧƨɵĵ䷶Ҳѧظһ䣬ȷʵ
ϵķܡ
½һɻ󲻽⣬ǣһ㶼ȣ
˹ϳɵ˵Сѽ㻹̫ᣬүүѾãףǽԶƭ˵ģٶతķ紵򣬾˰
½৵һվһڣޣ׵ëʲôʱĸģŽ̲ģҹҴףТӣ
˵꣬һЦ
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105 
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106 
һûЪʰɽҩĹߣǰЦѵһ֢ôû㶷־ģˣ
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107 
Ϊɽׯׯݣȵµ壬Чȴ΢΢
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ߣϷԨڻΪɽׯʮλӰû˭Ѿ漰˷Ͻ
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108 
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109 
ϵû˿ķɣתͷ֪˭ġ
δЩ̿ȻԼΪɽׯŤһ
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˻һλ̿м˺ȻϵĶٻһ˲Ǳۼš߷ڵء
ЦһȻתͷȻսǰ̿͵Ķ䣬ֻ˵ƮƮ˵ε衣ûʾ䣬ǿ϶䣬ƺƶԼжϡ
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ӻصϢԷս˵ӮˣƾһˣɱУȴҰ֡
̿ѾɫǺ죬棬ƺھȡ
ʧܣ᲻أҲ̫Ҳ֪εǷĺҲ¶ǳЦţأҿԽһ򡣡
𣿡
̿ͱͷƽʵǿԼͷ­Ͷá
ȥ֮󣬾͸ε裬˵лҪ㴫ѹૣ˵ȥ˷ϽĻ
ϵЦɢΣ۽޲˼£ҹʱҡ
ʱһȥɴ̿
գɲǣ边ȻƹЦɿǯסԷ֡
Ϊ׵Ĵ֮̿ҵؿԣڴڵΧĿβסĿ־壬ϾһΪϢӴǡǰˣһֻ޹ǵ֣ͿԼ޷֮
̿ͶȻߺһ̿ţȻ׷ʲôͻ䣬ҲȥܿʧӰֻ֦ҶɳɳĦ
ϷԨʱƿᣣ
ϼ״ת裬ׯǲ֪̿ͱ֮ˣ
𣺡Ȩš
ϷԨҲüһε裿
費ԣֻü£̿ѾҾˣպ·;ҲԱ֤εҡ
ϷԨȻһ˿ԾǻϻԣҲʣֻʱеѹڸС
һתԼҲΪɽׯɵһЩ˽˶Թ˵ҲȤǻʵҿǳ˵ĺܣԷһǻһƷٶɡ
ϷԨ֮
Ҳױʾͬ
գ˽⿪ңȥƷʧ
ϷԨĵĵȻǸװԤԵϻصȡԿһһһ飬ڰеڷͻ˵Լ޶ʧҪƷȥʱ֣ⷢһһ߬ҵĲᣬһ£ȭ߾ȭϣվԭأƺǷ㶡
ϷԨߵǰµ
ûͻҲ˵һֻʮˡ
ûӦϷԨҲ⣬һֻǰ˻Σµôˣ
һȻ侪ѣ̧ʱϷԨ̽߶ϣһͷɫȻҡҰׯҵĽŪˡ
ϷԨһˣ
һüۼ֮⡣
ôô׾ͻˣϷԨüʦǲ͵ˣ
ǡҲСġһָչѳĺȻ۵ףҲӦ׽ġҺǸ̿ҲϡҲͲҺʹ̿͵ˡ
ϷԨȻЦˣΪ
ãСӻһ񣬡ģصģвĽ˺úûžˣɵӡ
պһѽ۶ϣҲģʱҾһµģֻҪǸʱˡȻֹϷԨȻʶԼʧԣʱ䡱ʻضֻüæתƻ⣬ôûʲôȵķӣҾãý˿ƳһСõĿ
ȻһסϷԨһʱסµ
һԾս˫ۣ۾ԼһǺӵĶ޼ƣǹڻһ˿üۼеϷԨ޷ƳһҲȫģһԼȵȵϢۿ÷ɣɿ֡
ȥͻ㱨һһׯҲȻȥɡ
áϷԨЦָȻͳһţȻصϣĵ׻öֶӲĽ˿ʡ
ҲûһۣϷԨףãҪԲ֪ܳǵ»·;֮Уֻһһô˵ҲæϹƶ飬пȥһź顣


110 
ܿҲ
ϷԨ״㽫еĺպã⣬Щ²˵¾õʱȴ뻹ûϷԨʣԷѾпڡ
֪ׯûע⵽贽߹겻ļЦҲ˾úݶұֹаΪλ̿ͣ˵ǡׯ
֪ΪɽׯȥȵһиׯϷԨ˵
ﴽЦˣεˡ
ȷε𣿡
ȷһ۷ǯס̿Ͳֻ֣˵ֻ΢̽һ£̿;סȫˡ
̧Цһԣͽ֮С
ϷԨҲЦ񡣡
ЦЦţϷԨǣüЦ⵭߱ƣܿͱķ紵ɢɷɻҡ
ʵˡ
ûк˵ıҪΪǣ̫ܻ࣬ͽ¶ˡܽʮ˵ķΧСˣϷԨѾ࣬һЩܵܽ˭ȥϷԨ˿ȷĴ𰸡
ϷԨʣεΪҪĵץȥ˲ִٲȫжһִϷԨһ£ƿüȥ
ɫһȻָֻܿ糣һֻбʲôĿģׯ˵δҲ̫˰ɣ
ϷԨȴΪʵε辿ʲôϵ
һתׯ˻⣿
Ϊ⣬Ӧס
Ҳסׯֱ˵
áϷԨ˵ȨɽˣұΪεֻ潻дǴΣǿнȥһǺͽ١ףƶεף˵ƢԺ˽⡣ǵļƻε˿֪о綾ǲ֪ΪζҲ֪㽫Ҫȥηճȵʱ򣬾ɴ̿㣬ǲǿ˳ˮ۵óۣǹ㲡飿
㣬һӦµε裬һ¾ͲУϬϷԨֱֱ۵ףȴʲôҲֻһƬŨصĻ磬еصʵʵβɣεĹϵ
轫䶶磬¶һ󣬺ȻƣĹļž֮ţļ䣬ׯǴˣϸ΢˿ҲŹ
ׯ񣬲²һ£
ϷԨЦҲ࣬һյƣ˵Ϊһԣ£˵ԭˣϧûᡣҲ£ǻҪ͸˵ġ
ȻϷԨģüңǣ˫׵ģƽµ˫д⣬һׯҪ˵ε裬ͨɣ
ϷԨһ˲ȷʵ˵ģׯԸⳡеĽ汻㻰һתʵεĽˣûƣ
ˣûơ
Ѱһ㶼ֱΪ˵ìܣϷԨƫҪ䲻⣬Ϊ֮ΪʲôƣϷԨͱˣ²δˣһʱ᣿
ҲνЦȥЦ⣬ׯ֪ʲôֱңƵҵĻ
ϷԨȴţƪۡ
Ҽǵҳɽʱ˵ǣҪͳһڡСһᣬļƻҲεֻʱˡǻϣƻҲ󲿷ֵʵ֡ĿǰʱԪͳħս飬ʮ߻ݼ飬ҲڽջϵҽΡһжɵؽСȥûʲô֮
ʵֵĵطȥˡ
ϷԨ˫ɵȥʮһµ飬Ѿ¡㻹ںε費岻ľűɹܷһʣһ⵹Ȩɵļƻʲô
ȴ̸Щᱻȥοȵˡ
ϷԨԤϣҲѧӣгأĵЦˣ̫СңҿɲúŪʱѾΧʯڳһžܳԣĺܡϷԨһһ䣬˵ȥ
農Ĭһ˲
Ҳ̶ֻһ˲ϷԨѾٴ𡪡
ţҲ֪ʱӦҵļƲߣȻƶٳϷԨҪ˵һֻɣڼȷ
裬ĿĴͲͳһڡ
νڣֻԻҵĻӡ
ʱţ̴ڽŵ֮䣬Ҫ촷ۡ
κԳعƭׯôʱ䣬Ҳ֪ˡׯһġ
ˣ
ϷԨн΢ɳһЩϲҷɣʵеɵڸոѾͷӸԷˣϷԨƶϵϢҲЩװͿƲ˵ƵģȻˣʣһͽšҲȷʵںãթţŴɷ˵
ϣܹʵ棬Ϊɽׯɵĺ°빦
ú洽˼˵ҵĿģȷʵͳһڡԣҺεˣƲƶ޷ƣΪõļֵ
õļֵ
ǡƤЦⲻЦ֮ǰ߹㣬ж͹ơȴû˵ʲôʲôƣ
Ǳ˷һĴÿÿʹͣҪֻз¡
εɫף
ǡ赭ۣ³壬Ҳܶʹࡣ
̫䵭ˣϷԨһʱ侹Ȼ֪òš
ʵεҵĽ׾ˣҳ壬Ұ⵹ɡׯ뿴д֮ǰڽѾһϢεҽˣʲôôʲôҲֻһƤࡣȻҪҲںҲȥ
ε費֪£ΪǲѣʵƶҲΪ֪£д֮ǰҺΪһţæдˣʵûʱ˽»档˲Żд̨϶ⳡ⡣
Щ֮ǰƺвԾĵطϷԨʱɣ˵
ҵĶû⿪ƺϷȻһ˿⡣ˣ趸ȻЦЦЦȵ˫һòˣˣұ˳Ӧ˼Ϸ
ǰȥ˷Ͻ軨Ϻü£Ķô죿
£лҽΡ
ϷԨףҲǣҾȻˡ
Ҳ׵ػ΢ЦȻһʱֲ˵ˡ
ϷԨⷴ㻹û˵ʵĿġ
Ѿ˼˴һ壬Ϊʲô


111 
̸䣬ľɫѾ任ΣľѸٵ󷽷ȥĵӷ
ԳЦҾȻ֪ôӺ˵𡣡
Ӻ˵ҶϷԨ沿Ըһ˿һ
Ȼʹ˺°빦ЦǿάڴǣƤЦⲻЦģ˵ħ̻˼䣬𣿡
ϷԨĵһ
ȻԤԶӦˣ
˼Ƭ̣ϷԨй¶һЩ鱨ȡΣšˣһܿ϶
£ѵдһü΢϶
ˡϷԨ˶ǣ㵱ҳɽõʲô
˼ϷԨһҿ˴𰸣˵壬ܹδ֪
ȷʵܡϷԨֱֱ۵ףҲȷħֽ̻գ˵ԣſɱһݣеʱ֪δر١
΢񣬶ŷܵЦЦׯ⻰ҲҪ˵ѣס
ׯΣһֱĵס賤̾һڲЦĿЩ룬ҵҲ֣Ψͼֻ֪ñˣһ߿ˣֻǡ
ֻǲˣΪһЩľׯ˵ģʵֻǲʵӵԭҲҲ˵ׯڽҲׯҲһЩɸ˵ܣԣׯҡ
ϷԨܸоΣƺһ̬ȻҲп̫ϷϷԨȻ˳˼˵ҵȻ㡣
ׯһΡ轫۵׵ɫûȻ˵ʵǰħûбħ̽Ҳûţħ̻šǲ֪ǱڽĸϢŻһ죬ǵʵָͻȻһȷѪꡣ
ϷԨȴز׽һؼʣû
ǡ
ϷԨüȷ𣿡
𣺡ȷ
ûĻħ̸ȷʵһ̸ֽϷԨ˼˵ȻƬ̣ʣ֪ħ̽û£˵𣿡
Ǹ
ϷԨҲѯʡ
ûָϷԨܴ˿ѾʼݣǷҪˣ뾡취ĵϸȷдΪɽׯɽˣûԤδĳߵ˻ơˣܾãֱлûУԽӰ첻ʱ
ˣݶϷԨԣʱҪģҪĻǼ˼ħ̡
˵ɡϷԨ
ɲǣƺо˲΢и
ħҪػȻҪзչԼħҲ޴Լһħ̵ķšˣҲڽĴСУһЩħ̵αװֻû㹻֤ݣóȻжȻҧһҲ˵ݾߡ
ϷԨͫ΢ɿɲֹһ˷ϽغΧ̫ˣû꣬ϸ
ǵġ̾һǵʱ䲻ˡ
ûȷĵܿ϶Щطħ̵Ӱ
˷Ȼ˵
˷ϷԨɤҲʱȻմȾ־⣬ǴоҪȥ˷
ǡ޷ȷͻ˵£ҲֻܴһϣҲħˡҲعڵģħ̸Ӧûм꣬Ҳô㿴ݡ
ǡϷԨǿԼΪλǱ˷ȷǱ˷ģ
ûȷֻǲ²⡣Դ֪ׯɿһЩҰʷǰϽĽöа
ϷԨ֪
ǧٹ֣ΪģҲʹģǹƶ
ƶϷԨɫһҼǵ㡪
ԡ费˿۵׵ǹƶˣҼȻѡׯ̹Ǳ㲻룬Ҳ˵ׯҲܲ³
ħС䵭عǣ۵׵ĺ֣ĺڵ˫ͫУڣ취˳


112 
ϷԨ˵֪ƤÿҪҩˮ͸һ飬ܱƤõ״̬ҩҲջһΡ
ׯǵءȻǳЦˣҲص㣬Ҽ˵ɡ
ϽĶԹƶΪףаҲажׯҲ˵һлǿ
ϷԨɫ΢
費ϷԨ˼ĻᣬѾ˵ȻΪħ̵ı־ڽǸ֪֪ԴϽһЩСɡֻħȡ֮˲ϰÿ͹ƶ
ٺʷҲмأϽĿ͹ƶ˷ʵǣħϽһ͵ѧᶾа֮󣬽ԼǨƵ˷ڱ˷ϣֱٹ̣һݷչԣ˷ħ̵ϳսгħսݣֻħ̵һ֮ء
ҲŸҲ²⣬˷ħ̵ټ
ϷԨü΢ۣҼǵãʷ뽭Զ˵ħ̽⵱ݣ˵ħսǰļҲһΪΪڱ˷
ׯԺ⣿ǲű˷ħ̵ϳᶯһ´ǣЦЦׯЩڼһȷħ֮أ
ϷԨһ
ħ̵ռݽ۽ɽӴЩȰȨƵĳϣ˭һأ˭绽꣬ΪȨ֮أ͢пܻʵۣħξأ
˵ʵⲢʵȨħ̽ϷԨʵ
ҿû˵һҲֻǲ²⡣
ʱ֣ϷԨ׷Ź֮ǰ˵Ĵħ̵˸µġ

˭
һλħ̵Ļ䵭شϲз磬ˣСҲΪʱĥҲܵõһЩħȨصϢ
λӦͣԴӻ֪ʩ÷ҲԲԹɫòõħĿǰȨṹصϷԨװŷصͷԷէ֮ûģϷԨûǣϵſɲֹЩ
Ļֻܽ׳ţ˵ڿǿĲʵǲܽòΪΪλ֪͡ԪܣԼǱɽʯСԪĲ¡
ΪΪ˷ħ̵ϳžЩҲׯ˵ˡ
ϷԨĵһʱȷѾûʣŸʱҹȥϾ֪ʤ׷׷ȥԺҪ˿죬ϼѵ顣
ʵĿֹħ˵̵ʱڽҿħ̵αװһټ𣿡
ǡ
ϷԨԼ˼⣬󻺻ƿ֮ǰҪͳһɵĿƷЩƻʵĿģǷչԼԱ㽫һ죬ܺħ̿⡣
ɺΪɽׯȨʱ޷ȷңнܱ޽˺áʮǰɣţֻҪһΪףԶָӡͳһȻãԭǾûͳһ㻹ΪɽׯĿǰһսߡ
ࡣͷЦ
һħΪɽׯܵóһô˵еġԪΪɽׯ˳µ׷ħټҲȷʵԪºɵõһЩΪ֪ؾ£Ҿ֪㡣
軹Цׯ˵ˣҲͲ˵ˡ
ǲԡϷԨȻһѾħаգɴĵ׷ħ̵ټûбҪڵȥ飬һõ޵еġԪĿΪڣȥ顣
ׯˣҲֻʮ֮꣬ǰֻһͨɵӣȫȡɵΣοһһħ̵ľĨȥܲδĳһգݱͱƣұαװɵħħҸ֤ף
賤̾һԳҡҡͷһҲˣмħٵģǺŪ£ˡֻҪиɵصҧţ·ħ̫̾ƽⲻ֪ϼָ꣬ħ׳ĻᡣҪǣ޷֤ûҲĵΪģЩħ̵СආȻġ
˵ĲգϷԨ˫һߣƺЩʲôֿ֮ڣĻʱûзìܵĵط
ҾԣȻìܡЦ
㻹𣿡ϷԨֱӶԷҲеϣΪɽׯϡ
СƵʱûǳʱ򡣡
⻰˼žǲֱ˵ϷԨҲ׷ʣһתһ⣬Ҳõ⡣
˵
ΪɽׯҲɣոո˵Щȷһȫ㣿Ϊİѱδ̫ʡ
ʵҲðһԣһϷԨĿԣЦòŨޣ˫΢ʱסСͫףҲȥɫ׽͸ҽΪԤѱҪЮ㣬ҾԻᵣǷܹȫңܹҽֱħ̱𡣿֪һ顪
£ֻȫеԤԡ
ϷԨüɫ΢䡣
ȻͨҲ֪ׯԤԾʲôҪһ£᲻УɽһأƵģΪɽׯҪɶأ
֪ݳգ˵ٲΰ룬ȫΣǴׯȻÿζģȴʼմδѱ䣬ҾףӦǶĶˡȻĶˣһЩ飬ҲûҪҴţΪɽׯҶԣɾɰˡ
ׯ˵ǲǣЦʡ


113 
µ׵ı˷յգ̴ӻɳϻѾ¶ֿǰס
Ӧ͵Ⱥʱһ˰źøֻۡס
ϲŲݲʰԼȥҪϳķֲͼ
轫ͼϣͼϻɫĵطϳ֮أɫԽأϳҲԽࡣ
ϵͷʣׯǲۼϳ棬Ըȥһˣ
ԡӦˬ죬Ȼִͳһ罻ɫĲֽ֮ǰҽĴϳòҲպãϡۼϳ棬Ѿǰǰ飬ҲԼļ˲
ϽӹɨһۣüͷȻףӳĿˣ
ЦһҲˣ³档
ϵһۣüͷȴʼûɿ⡭ѽҡʱһ׽˼ˣһѾУҵҸҽֲⶫĵ˰ң
ʵпдȵҽߡ
ޡһ֮⣬뾡һ·;ϵһЩжҲ㣬ֻ˼书ǿķҽѾǹڵһҲòҽһԿࡣ
ü˼һȻߣһȥߣ
ǳЦôţôš
˷ر͸ɺģ죬ǻϽ̵ͣ˵ĵ죬һصĻм
˼ȥûΪɽׯһֻߣмλжĬȵĻͬС˶һж㣬ĿӴױ˶ϡ
ɳȻռݱ˷ĵ򣬵˷Ȼиɽ֣ǳˮ
ϽƬأڸɽ֡
Ƿɽɽʡ
ǵġĵǺܿ죬ƺǺϤ˷ĵò
ôͽзɽˣ˵лѾʼɽʯ棬Ѱϳ㼣Ų˿ףֵܵһֶĶԡ
˷Щ˵ΪΣķҲǻϷĲ˿ףȻ϶Դɫȴޱ档
ҲһԣСͷӲĬԡ
ȻɽȻϹ
ǳ̵ľ״İľŨΣżϸХв֪ĸO@
Σķ׿һأֻԲ䶯ĺɫ棬ŶĴսһϳ棬δʧγԣ
Ϊɽϣ̫ࡣ֣صҲˣǱ˷ĵط
ףʾԼȥˡ
ֹһʱϵ߹üٸϵ˵ҲһĶֻҵЩ޹ؽҪĶ棬޼ϳ档
̧ͷһɫֻбգ⿪ʼżĿĵңҪʱҵϳ棿ڴ룬ʵ̫ˡ
ѵҲ˵ٹʱûջĻֻܽȥˡ
ǾҰʱȥҶҵ鱨ҿûʶı˷ҽҲС˷ĹʿԳħս֮󣬻ֻܰ͵͵ؽУȻһ˽ϳĵطҲˣ˷ѹһʱ䣬Ǹ⡣
㲻ôϰڰֵԣأ
ǾﲻأϳϲϲʪҲȷʵˮ˳ңΪʲôҲأ૵ڵĲ𣿡
ǡȻԶһİ֦Ҷ߳һԲȴȾҶӣ޵ɺʱפԣ˵Ĳɣ֪ϳġ
һתʶƺ벽Űɵʵλͣɷ˵һ˵
ɽɽΣķӦоУֻǵϳĵطȴˣﾺ档ʺϳ深ܣΪأж
Щľ𣿡ָ£ִݵջȥЩľĸϵжģˣϵΧҲжġרϳ棬ˡˬЦһЩľҲбϡľơ
ľϾȤüظһ顣
ȥϳ棬ҿԴȥЦɽһϤ
Ͽߣֿһ裬ֱ𽻻һɫƺڳ֮С
֪ڽʤҲֻ뾡һౡ֮һλͽЩվ۵ףȴգȻЦ˽أӦȱţҲѹһʱ䲻ҡ
˫ϵ߽֯ͼҶ˹ֱ֣Եɺ·һ̾Ҫƶϣ״ξ衣


114 
˷ϽҲ཭ɣ뽭֮ԶܴɣϲţţϲδӡҲֻһСɣɵºǵ͵
ǻȴûбֳһɻ󣬶ˬʹֻЦȹϣҲԵ
ȣξһЦҾҽһǽĽҼǵãǽйһսǳսУҲ²ͣߣ˾
˵ԼĪǳħսˣףæҡ֣Ҳҡ
ǹ˱ɣҴȥѰϳټգξɴתһȥ
˳һ֦˵ľľȻܿϳ棬ãպãȻ
ξֻһǰ˰ʱȻȻͣסŲ֮һƽƽأͷŲûʲô̫𣬵ûЩ˵ܹϳİľڰɣԽԽࡣ
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117 
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෴ֻҪֵַӡǡ
ħѲϵ
һΪüĵءξƵ˵
϶ˡ
ξֻһתĵ˵˱˷ħϳ֮Ĵ䣬֪ɵţ裬ʱɽʲô֣ôһ֣ٴһ֣еš
ϲ𣿡ξЦʡ
лϺ񰮡ϹشȴǣȻˣǷɽһξ裬Ҳɺϡ
ξִЦһ˵Ϊɽׯߵúܽ
£ɣΪɽׯȵպͳһĽҲЩ
ʱźȻ죬һλһ״ɲ豭Ȼȥ
ξƿǣһԣҸ׼ģ˰ɡ
￴һֻۣһŨĲɫҺ壬ɫԲǲ裬ʲôĶ걻ǿιĹƵļȻӵĸһ£һʱûж
һ֪Ϊɽׯׯסլֵڶҹȹ߹ٵȥ;˷ļԺ󣬱Ͼ˷ҵĵ̡ξ費ز
գһƬӣͫ׽֮ٴοڡ
ϡΪɽׯׯȹھһ˿΢̫󣬻ɵע⵽
šξúЦû˵Ҫɱǡ
һʱĬͷ۵ײӿúʣǲҺˣǴоͲ
ξȻЦݵ㲻ȣǿ϶
Ȼɱͷһ£һȻɱŻأϧ̫죬δȣ־뿪ǴɱһȦϣǳɫĲ
ξĵذѴɱ㲻ʲô
ûбҪ
ξȴŵؼ˵ЩҵĹҲ࣬ҽ㲻ҲͲͬϸ˵ֻ֮ҪסξȻųһһ䣬ϵĹܽ⡣
ȴûı飬ֻʣβһηŹΪɽׯȣ
ѵλһα˷˷ҵĵ̣ҷŹǣҪ֪λڽ޿κΣڱ˷һַڲ¶ħٵ£ǡξ˫̸ҷŹһѵĻᣬö
ͫ΢ƺ˶ξ˼ֻǱһ˿ϣ˵޶ۣʾ
ξ߽һһ֧棬һֿαȦסĳ·޴ӡ
ѵ
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118 
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ξֻȣһδ֪Լᱻ׷ŹٴԷŪĥϵʹҫؽӦȻѰ˵ƺҳݣҧȴһЦһ£ƥȿʼܵøˡ
֮ضݺݵذֳɹһΡ
¹ؽɲðԥĥ
ͣһ£ֹס˫һ͵Ŷ룬ŵС˵ׯ͹ںδȥǣ
СǴȥϷԨ
ϷԨһɫҪʣȴһ˵
ҹʰʰھ̻ؽ
ڱ˷ֻҪξ֣ΪɽׯȾͲһڡ˽ξƢԣնξǴӦԼֻҪϳ壬ͻŹһ룬յĶξɾͲôˣһڣֱ˾͵ɱ
ɫأаԼ⿪ĹƣͲһֻǰ˷վǹˣжҲ̫Сħ̽ξǱ
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Ǳħ̶ˡ
ϷԨͫ׽ҹ᲻ᶯ̫󣬷Էע⣿
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費ѡЩʵ棬޷ʱͰźȥ·Էͻüʱˡ
ϻûŪ̬ͱׯظׯһƭϹ̵
ƿӣ󷽷ǣôͻȻ˵Ҫȥ
һۣϷԨΪɽׯ˳ңԱ˷ܾ
ΪɽׯгңϲɻʶðΪɽׯأǼæתƻ⣬ǸׯϵĹƶô죿
ƽشⲻˣģǳŵĶһ١
ϻһɫƿ
ؽ֮ΪɽׯҪ´ǲܾȡ˵ķҽƶѾǸмˡʣµɡ
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֮ſڣׯպʱȣԽ⿪ƶʱ㣬ֻҪһұȻгŵʳԡ
״ȴЦЦ⣬֮ǰ˷ӣҲҪæһңңڣ֮ҵæʱ䣬Ժ£Ժ˵ɡ
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Ļмأʵʵȥȡ
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Ҳ˵ξѾŻ׼ʼԼ뽭֮ءܾ⼸飬֮Ҫʮ־衣
߱գ룬ֻ˵˵ˣӲ˫סƻ£ȭָǶƤ⣬ֱֱҲһ£ĺظڵͫףֻȥ
Ѿһٶ꣬ĥеģٵȻϻϼʮʱԼ⿪Ĺƣοħ̴˿ѾڰдҲȲ
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ӱ˷صһ·ϣȻ߹뼾졣
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ʮѮһػɽ
ϲɸпʱȥ˷һΪҪһʱ䣬˭뵽ϽûȥǺȻҪǼƻϲϱ仯
Ӱͼ䡣
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ڷ̽𷢹סεһ˿ĽۣݻŲģȴѵòŲţ粼ϱε߬סˡ
Ϊɽׯׯ
ȻμӸ󽭺ϯεģȴ֪ȨţҪѯʣȴһֻ׾ԼܿƤɫƿ辶ֱ˳ϻϵġ
޷Ǿطꡣϻ£ضԻҾȥһԵٻᡣ
Цã
ͷҲص˶ԷεȻԼҲǽȥ
⣬ľֻﳾȥڣεһ׽סֻȻ˳ƻԷ䣬һѻסԼսԷĶߣʵţѣ
Ȩ֮ơҪ˵ʲô˵в岻׵ĹϵΪɽׯȨɾͳ׼ˡ豻Էϲ΢ŤͷᳰεŻںأ
ʲôϵεҲЦ
ЦһȻǱġ
εָȻıȻٷ촽Ȼʵ²ŵݰɣǴƤߣǼҲˡ
軹һƺΪȻεĴ
˵ڹǲƤһűƤߣ͸סɫεȻ§һЩͻȻЩڣڵһ˽ʱûȥȻ˵ʲôҲܾ׷ˣεʮ£˸¡
ƿؿбһۣ۽ǹżּڽЦ⣬ôεĪΪ˵ģ˼ˣ
ǰεϵЦܿ챻ɫȡԼ϶Էķ˿ɤƣ૵ˡ


119 
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ȻŻûãһ˲ľ·ʯһҡζʯȴľֿҪȥʱֲ֧סǣ׹ص棬Ȼ졣
εסΣۼֿסԷ塣
һٶ꣬Թɫ͵¯ĵزνǼ٣ǷԷθһ˵ʵ׾ֱܷ
᲻پָƽȣȻӲϵЦҲǳ˫һߣ֮ԭεҲϲ˵Щĵ黰գһ䣬ʵûҪֲᵱ档
εȻɫ΢䣬סϸɿܹԷϵɫ֮ǰһ軹ģĲɵģεԷ˫ûƭ㡣
֮ԣֽ档ε˫׽סԷԼϣ㲻ڵļ£˺ܶ࣬Ҳ࣬Ȼס
ε衣趸Ȼߵɴش϶ԷģƺþеںÿһڶʼƮģģһ޵̾ϢҺۡ
ĺۡоȴ֪뽫Լ§˳ƽͷԷţأ۽ȴھһν૵ܲ˯һ
εؽ˱סֽڶԷϡ
ര⾰˲Ϣ䣬СϵǰУƹٵĽΰߣ
ƥȨǰפ㣬ε貢ûне˽ѣϸϸ罫˰ʵʵε罫˱𣬾ֱԼҡ
ʰãŵϣεĵؽĽѹãȻַɸס贽ֽ꣬СѹڶԷ֮¡
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Ҳֻʱ򣬻εһִʵܹԣܺ󣬵ʵ֪ǡ
εһķˣŵȥ
ȨɵѾӣ޷˪ףֲɣ꣬һط豹֣֮ǳҲϽųϵ˽飬յԼľéݣȴûȵԺ˫ɫ÷ţȴȵȵȨһΣһ˽ⶾ
Ȩ룬ʢͷǺԺȰ޷վǴӦˡ
λӣʵ
ǡε
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ڽ֮ǰ͵õε׼˾˯ʱԷ̽϶ϵȴڴ˲Էסѹ齱ߡ
˭
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ˣϵû˿ɣؿܣȴεվԼǰԶΧĲҲϤģεųԼȥҡ
˫𽥱軺ɿ߬ס֣ȻһǸҲСðˣǣ
ûشεѾһ˵λȨҽһ򡣡
һԴһ縺ӣüһεţҪ˵ѾȨɵˣҪǷ飬ڻǸȻ͵ԺزپҵɱڲҰ
ǣǡε蹧ģ鷳һΡ
ɫÿһЩֿʼ߶߶֪ƻ᲻ҡ
һȫɫ
̶̼ԴҲλߵݣƿҪ´ȴһסˡ
ѽѽأӲֻһżҽߣ𵣲𡣹ãһĶε̬ȣʱЦúͰףϵ׳Ų鸡ͽһ̴ľԲʷߣһƨȥ⿪İʼѰõĴдʣ˵ĻҲԽԽεСҿģô֪ȨȨ˶ǮȥඣξȻΪǧܹңһû֮ǰ˭ôĹҪúϧ
裺
ûеõӦǵգԽ£ĲģǿСһܲ˽еʱǰŻ׽Ūˣʵǹ˵ٰʽһԺһ۸۸úˣ㾡ңҼҾڡ
ϡεȥˣɡ
ͷһۣСӴСͲ˵Ȼô˸ˣڰ˵û㻹Ҫңʲôǣ
εͷֱǻֻάֹɫ˵ĻȴǣҺʱ˵Ұˣ
㲻˵һ𣿡ɫģҿ£ŵȵ˽ӻ
εһʱ䱻Ļҭס뷴ǻߴȦ˵ȴˡ
úúãҵ⡣εǿЦЦɡ
תȥ轫ڴϡ
ָϸϸһ軻һַֻŴϣ򻺻ջ֣ź˼Σüʵֶ


120 
费ǡ
׺룬֪еʲôε˵㻹ȥȾҽȹô˵ģⶾ֮𣿡
ԣգգۣŤͷȥһ֮һδε裬Ȼ򴽣ŵԸⲻȨͣãֻΪҽⶾ¸м
ʱǺͺЦеģæҡ֣̫ϾεϵˡҵȻҪˣ
ȴţɫѵƺûѰ˻еϲŭ֣ҲԸⵢʱ䣬Ҿʵʵ˵Ϊȹң˶޽⡣
εü޽⣿
ϵЦҲ䵭ҽӦ֮ϣȻ˵޽ô
ĬƬֻ̣ˣ¶ˣҲ׿ڸ˵ֶ޽⣬ҪҽⶾҪ²ܻؼˡ
ֶʲôȻû޲ߣʹļףкϸ˵ʲô
ԥ֮ɫֿһε裬ȴɱԷ׽æתĿ⣬³֣һֶǹƶ
ƶۣȻҽ书ҲһЩԽᵤ߰ٶﶬȺ飬ȻŷɥĶһʮǰĹƶѾӰ٣˷Ĺʿֻ͵͵ƣỹйƶ
ҪʣȴԷѾ˵
һٶǰȥһα˷У˹ƶӲдһӳججաҽεʱ˵ϵĹƶѾãƳѪ⣬ƳϾǻҪɱĹƳ棬Ȼҵ塣ϼһ¡Ҳطҽˡ
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ȴԣƺš
ʣ֪ϵĹƶʱʲô֢״
һٴףñ˿ϵ飬ָûƤʵϸֹܷסؾΣѾڼƣȻǿԴӱ΢СĲп
ȥ
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ʲô˿ڶûС
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ҲһһĽ𣬡ûӰ졣û𺦣ΪʲôҪƶͣһ£󻺻¹ƶû˵Ҳ֪
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Ŀ룬֪ڿʲôһֶʱʹ۵־壬ͬʱ˺Ҳ͡ҲӰޣ𺦡
է֣εȻ뵽дϱֳε֪ʶǸʱòǣ˰ɣ
ָͷƤһͷϡ軨׵ͷҲ޷⣬ִݡǲ⣬¶ͼʲôֻ㱻ʹĥ𣿡
费Ҳ֪
ʶһѣ޻˵˳оƶ˳˽źϡ
һʱ侹Ȼֻʣˡ
εü裬һʱ侹Ȼδһԡ
ԭɢشεҵĲǸĺ̴ɫĹ񘆣Ŀذ״ƿĺ˵;µľƸ񴬾˿廨ɫʽӳԲ滨ľӡϤһ۶׼ȷǵģ쵽Ϳǧǧ飬˿Եɸɡ
Ǿֻ㾲ش
εǰһڷ̴ľԲϣҪ˵Щʲô
˶ָһ£ȻҲͷЦһ£εĲ˵ʮ첻ıưˣ
ϵĶô˵
ƿбԷһۣ˫ĿˮתԣҲǾ綾ҲӰΪͲ鷳εˣ˵εҲﲻʲôæ
ε˫Ҿû˵ȫʵ顣
һת߾䵽𴦣ˣεžͰƾղ²⡣
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ðЦ۾ȥͫɫûƭ㡣
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ε辱ʮֲָһ£ü΢Ȼֱȥѵˮһǣһ֣𴽽ǣĵЦһ˼伫֣
µİļ;µ֣ĲɣЦݵ⣬շ磬ȴñ˵ǳ׳Ϊ̳ϣһ˲ε׽סԷ˫֣ٹͷϰѹϣε踽ȥԷóü϶ƣεȻؾԵƿغһ䡣
أݺݵȥ
Ӵǵᣬǵָǣڰڵҡҡ׹أεɹĳɰ򣬲˼֡
ûεָӼ羱߻һ˫ǣԷɵʱ򣬹ǵ״ǺԣȻݣûеݹ᾵ĵزƤıǡôޣĶס
ָӹǵײʱһϸܵĵʶεоԷرﴽһЦЦȴһ˲佩ס
£ƤϣһȦɫĻ״˿ڣ˿ڲһߣǶѵĳɰָ׸ǵĳȣǱлµ˿ڡ
һȦӡ
֪Է쳣ʵôˣ
ıϣΪʲôһȦӡ
ɫһ䡣
Ƕξ衣
ҧĺƺħƵҩħ̷һҲ̫תȻӡξϲڸΪԼĶӡǣþǧټơͼֲ֣ûʵֻʱȥ룬ܱⷸģⴺҵʹѾ̵ùȥӡʹͿԺԲƣҲˡ
˼ת˲䣬εͻλãԱߣɫΪһʱĳĬʼѿ
ȻоƤྷһ£գգۣȻЦˣΪʲôӡ
εһһʱ˵
ЦұȴҲµαף׽͸ûмӲɫߣ˵һ
Ц䣬ü᲻ɴݡ
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121 
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ЦţȴǱģ޹ء
εƽԼӰͶڶԷϣҲǹ㣬ҧһԺǣ֮⣬ʲô
ε衣϶Էģòˣģ˵ûзϣҪһһ㡣һʼҾǿǲ¶ˮԵһΪɫһһһεԽ硪
ε׺ݵ˫ҲԷ˵ЩĻôǿƵȥȻҧ˶Է촽ϵѪζӵ˫Уõ˿ڱ˺ѣҿ¶Ǭ֮£ڵ顣
ֻҧ㣬ҾͲ𣿡εüѹü۴ͶһƬӰЦҲʹֻҵӡǣ޷·ڣֻܱӡǳõͣĴϡ
ͷ촽ϵѪѪζڴݼӿǷ͵ĳ¾ңѪĺ촽Ƶ˿ѪĶȻĲɵģεɡ
εȴţߥǣŭ֮ɫƽˣʼޱ飬ҪôŻԶԶ޷벽
һ˲䴽ߵЦɢӰ٣ɫŶ˵۾εԿ᲻ɹ
õѳƬεļǰม֣αЦҲðüۣһһ䣬ܾ˵ľƽҡ
ʢŭ֮µεûʶԷɫת䣬ֻǴսԷĶ䣬˵ҿԲں֮ǰĹȴû뵽Ѿɫף㻹ǻұˡεˣ֮ǰ˵ģͬһ𣿻˵ֻҪʱǸ˶ԣ
΢ɲضһ¡
ӣԼǴҪˣոβ뾷Σ趼ȻΪЩȫǴǰףΪ
费Ƴһ۾ߵε裬üۼ価ǳ⣬εŻǵǽأ
Ǿǰɡһʲô˵أ
Ǹ˶ԡεҧظһ飬ãǸ˶ԡ
ſ壬ȻˣɴҲҪˣǸ˶ԡεԼĳ۱Ե˺һɫĲ
״üҪʲô
εȴһԲǿٵòסԷ۾һᡣ
ڰ糱ˮӿ֣賹׵ûǼѸٹ̵Ŀ־ҹλʱϴ壬޳ɾʼӰεõļ䡣ǰҲڻȥҵʹȻ֫ٺÿһƤ⣬ʼʧȥЩܹԼģİʼ磬׸
赱֣볶ȥ˫ȴԷ߬סʱһ书ķˣѸǳ˵ΣʹƤ⣬Ƴһڹϣ޷ѡ
ε裬Ҫʲô
εȴؽ˷һ˫Ȼģܵµ˵Ϊȷ޷ѣּϼȻһֻֽ⿪ϵ
ε裬ſң
忪ʼƲסز󴫵ԷģŬҪ֫ҪԷѾʧȥԵ򶨣һͷ˿ѾƳ󺹣˷·͹㣬ֹʹм尾ȴҵطڣĵƴȫֻΪһֲԼΪ־ͶΪ
ε裬ſҡҲɿƵؾҵز
ǰۻõĹڲ͸Ｇ⾯Ļڶը죬޾ĺڰ֯һܲ͸ľǿʼģʼʵ䡣
ε裬ſҡ
ϼֿǻ
ƺʼ޶ԣоԼϣһƬ
أ迪ʼƽʵģҲƣɳƵģε裬ڽ춯ңһһ
ȻҲûжţ񱻳ȥǵĿܣѾľʡ
Ǿ仰ڴε񾭣ڻسŷ״̬Ƿεһʱ侹Ȼ֪룬Լƺһܶӵ飬ȴֲ֪βȣĪҵСؽ˷
ɫĲѾˮ͸䦳Χһɫ
衣
裿
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Է۽ǻвںڵĽëʪճһش£ۡ
裡
Ȼ˻Ӧ
ε״æñʵִҴҴҵļһܳңû´ĻӦҽݵĳﰾҩ
ιȥˡ


122 
֪ȥ𣿡
ڱʡ
ԼΡ
ʵЩΣǼǰʵڹģֻǲ֪ΪΣᷴجݡ
Ӧ𣬶ƴرܣ֪򣬲֪;رܣǰȻ޹⣬ȻǰΪ֪һᷢʲô
ᷢ־壬£ҵĳ棬ججյĸԴ
ǲ֪ΪΣȻֻԼֽȻĲȣֱֱڵϣûи֪ˤʹȴȱ޾ԨĿ־ǻԼϢıԵ
Ĳӣӵ̬ɵһֻϣ
ˣ֪δ
ϢϡһξԼ˽ӽϡ֪
㲻Ӧ̽ҵĵߡȷʵɱ㣬һַʹ乴𴽽ЦˣǸɫĲݰҲõ鶼ֻ֪ܰûڻ޷̤ħ̵Ĵšӳħ̣㲻֪
Ųţҿϲߵ·ߣ·Щħ̵ˣȻЩ֮ǺߣҿԣһҲŹ⻺ɿϵ֣ԼڶԷƤµָӡǽߵģǾռصˣ֮⣬ȫɱҲ©֮ˡ
ǰ벽Цˣƺ˵һҳݵС£֪ҵֶΣҾ˵ȷҪΪһأô޹𣿡
ţڶը죬Ǽĵػ
ٸһλᣬ
һƬϢӡ
費һ˵˸ɺԣǱȥ֭ҺɣֻǿɳƵ
ȷȷʵʵԼƣһ
ҡ˵
ʱ䣬ǰĳ濪ʼѸٱѳƬַɿܣȻԼڼĻãվשʯĳǽϣǽѪɺӣ޹ʿʬѻɽǿӲԼĳһȥЦҪһ԰꣬ܿ죬ܿˡ
ܿ
忪ʼƲסز뼧ĽȴԼãֻܱȸ漧ǽһǣ費ɵúңԼѪҺʼ̣׹ֻ׸
۾
Ѿˣվǿˣ˸ڳǽϵѪͷɣĥҹĻ档
󣬼ૣȴħþòɢج
쿴Ǹصͷصؽ˹ڳǽϣɱһӰ١
ɥȪ״Ҳǲң֪ûˣУҲʬģһʱҲʹװϧҡͷûйزɷԲұҪϳħ̾Ҫˡ
㺦㲻ܣûиܣڻúõػϡ
㺦ء
ħ̵ˣħ֮ˣ˭ûմ޹Ѫأܻ˵ľսҪϲ㣬
Ҳǡ
Ҳħ̵ˡ
֮䣬ּѾ֪٣Ӹʵĳǽ׹䵽棬ΧʿֽһӵϣĿʿһģĽԼŴ˷ĸߺ
ħ̣
ħʬΣ
Ĳħ֮ˣ
þȫͲ԰Ա⣬ȴţΧסԼһ޴վ룬Ѿ·ˣһĽؿڡ
Ȼ۾ڴڵغʧˮٱһ亹ȻЧȴδȥܿ죬־ľء
Ҿֳ֪ˣ
ǱεæߣԵ󣬸һĲصһ߼ҩһߺɸֵʹε裬Ͳܺú˵ʲô᲻ԭ𣿷Ҫǵİ費ģԼҲܡ
ε農ز˵֮ĿЩն̾һˣ˵
ǸʵģҪҲ˵Ƶģƾʲô붼ûſڷ̫˽ε裬ԼûۼˡܡҲ¸˾Ųʮ
εԶľɫҶݻƣһҵʱ̫ˡ
ʵܾ֮ǰҲ˵֮ǰҲͱй£ǼʵģҺҲֻǿԼȥ⣬֪Ҳö֮ǰҪûʸҲʵȡ֣侲֮ҲףĲȥ룬⡣
ε費̾һҲܽܣ͸ĸ׼Ҵֺ֮ͱйһΡεظһ飬Ҳܽܡ
֪ĺ𣿡ºȻʡ
֪
Լ˼ʵ壬Ӧòյİɣ
Ƭǰ֣εԣ૵Ӧá㡣
üʲôӦò㣿
һʼ͵ʱֻ˵һͨ塣ĺ壬ң˵Ҫ廹ңҲգҪôӵҪôţˡ
ȴûͣĶҩ֭˺õȻǿӲزݾܾؽڵһҩεУһתԼǳ鷳ԼҿɲҩԼȥ塣
ɫ͸ˮԼԼݣε费ΣȻһԲ˫ֿסҪߣȻֱ½ס
˵пأ
̾Ϣкɸֵ˼֪ǵԡε裬һţѾǵǸɶаȨɵӣ㲻çײǺڼ׵һ£㲻ֻڱĶڽɼԲԵʱ̫ˣû˸Ҷ㳨顣
εһףлϽ̻塣Ȼȥ


123 
εŵؽƿϣŶץסʱѵóֵڣȴŷ켷ѹķâεļϣ˶ؽһ˲
סüֻۣͷ϶̶һغɫĻȡ
˵⸱ģпǶԼҲ˵ʱ־ԣε΢һЩȴǵġ»صҴҼһҩεһ롣
ҩѾŵڵ¶ȣε輴˽˯Ƭ̣ȴòĶԷĺ󱳣裬ҩ
軹һܵĴ˾ܾһüٻеãɫҩ
ε룬״׽£ȻҨһף͵ߡ
ȴԷֻһʢҩĴ룬ȴײˣɫ壬Ҳסزƫͷ֧һЩüͷҲȡ
εԭΪ軹ںԼֱŤԲϺԼҩҪ뵽˿̻ܶĥȻʧˣֻӽͣ㰾ģܲһƬ׷Ѱɣ
ҡͷ촽ѪɫЩɫҲǲ԰һƬȻǿӲظǴȴڷҲȡ
裬ҽȻȻҲܰ㰾󶾷εȰȻٴν쵽贽ߡ
ֱƿˣθһЩ˵Ҳȣ
ɫ֭мεֱϣʣ¾ĺɫ۲УεѵԸˣԷ飬һʱƢҲˣʵΪʲôȣΪͬҩԸȣֻɵغͯ
һ濿ǽȴεĻţǲԾƣֱԼıѾڱǽϣ˴ܾ״̬Ѿ˫Ŀʧ룬ʶҡͷ૵г桭
г棿
εһôҨ£ɻûг棬ҩôųأ
ˡֹסؾΣǿֵĿ϶βȴǲģҿҩ֭г桭
Ŀضε裬˫Ŀɺ죬ۿȴѾ͸ҲȵģɱңҲȥ
εʶƺ־״̬
ֻðҩһߣȻսһЩԷǣǣ죬ǵλãҴñǣ̾һ裬㻹֪˭𣿡
Աü˫´ãȻɴ۾̽ʵε裬εԲԣ
εףִսһЩȻȻܵһαҺصԼֱϣ𾪿ˣԭǶԷе۳ɵˮ飬׹ʱϻһۡ
ոиˡ϶رԹиˡǿιҹƶûкȡΪ֪
ͻȻ۽ǣЦݲã֪ٵȵͻҡ
һ˲ε뻳У§ס
εֿƲסؾµƤⶼھΣҲ⣬﷢һ£ѹ֮˻
εźô־㱧ôҪ𣿡ߺȻ٩ε㱼ص֮ǰӣÿÿԼҪ٩䣬һѿ֮졣
ֻɿ
ڻ¶ۣ˯һòã軹Цں庢ͯһ㣬ͬε
ҩûȣεѿڶͻȻ᲻ˣ̼ܵ£ʱκйҩͶ۶ܳ˵ĶԻУεȻֺ־ʱһʣЩϵţΪ֪֮˿죬ϼѵ顣
áԥ֮ε¶ģס˫ΪȻشҼ⡣
ʰɣεšЦᳰࡣ
ε費Ƭκһ飬ϢСʵ¹ƶ˭
䣬ϵЦʱɢˣԲҲ˵
鸡ֳֽ䱸εһʱ䲻ȷǲǻ־״̬ʶˣɴʸףεֻӲͷƤ
ΪʲôεԳһΡ
˵ǲ˵ظε𣬡أ֪˲ң֪Ҹ˵
Ȼ§סεĲͻȻڶԷ촽ǳһ£ε裬˺òã
ûȥһۣ˯
һǣ֮ǰԼһɽǰϷĿֻһǺҵǲεؽ˵ΣƺģֻΪȰԼ뿪Ľͣͷ
εһʱ飬ջѡضԷ뷨˯ɡ
£ҰѱǺá
ԹԹɶԷԼҴñǣȻתۣ׶ε裬ʶȶȣ۵ʱʪڽ޾ɵѩƤϣܿĺþ೤ƺѾ硣
εһ˯գȻ͸ҩߣŵؽŹϣСģȴ޷ⷢ΢졣
ž
ڣԭӦó˯軺۾Ѿһ亹
ţհȥεԼ¹ƶ֮˭֮ǰ־ʱε˵ʲôûһӡ󣬺ԼӦ죬Ϸȥˡ
ֻҪָǵʱƬ̣εѾԼ׳Ȼ˳ϲ鵽Լħ̵Ĺϵֱ롣
ûε׻ɹֻԼãοεѾ֪Լʱ־壬пܻԼһζʱһλ´Σδؾĺˡ
ɣǲܴˡ
Լ˼ѾйԼһõѡ񡪡ڴȨߡ
ȼʱε跢ԼʧʢŭϾ룬ҲԸԤ룬ֻ֪ʧԽߣԽѣ˿̳εɾɡ
ϸȷΧѾûڼԼ輱æԼҵεöɳȨɵƣִҴҴ
ΪȨɵĴʵǶ࣬ᳵ·ܿȷ·ߣ˳䲻ҵʹӣһ·ͨ衣
صɣ費идָ϶´ﵽÿһλɵС
ɻ󷨣󡣴ӽհ˳ÿһ䣬Դơ
Ȩ֮һɲڣһ⡣


124 
ص֮ϷԨһ˲δֻЪϢգٴǰС
ϷԨǰһҩ˵ǻϷԨаϷԨЦŽ£л
ݵݣӱޣĽų̣ϷԨ֪һ˴ӱ˷ȣ·ϱʵۣٶȣ·ҲУߴӰĶ
ʱϷԨӰͣȻ뵽ԼҪһ޺ϵѵĺ飬Сǲ˿費СκζĶˣǰ׼ϾڲƺĽ˿ϷԨԼ
ȻһҲøһͬǰȥ
εеϷԨţɷ˵ֱק߻һ
뵽ЩʲôϷԨͷӰԸҴʱǿ߶ֻεӣٵ˿ƥΪҪƷ
һϷԨԶˣŵʵׯҪʲô
ϷԨЦҲ˵Ҫ޺ҵ뷨ǣʵؽΪ˿߽Ҹգ㵱á
һףлׯ
ϷԨüԹʲôʱܰ㲻ֳϿëĸġ
һ˵ˡ
ͽһεĵ̣ϷԨǣŻһ̤żͻ˵⡣
ϵĿȻ٣ҲûãƺܿͷӦϷԨ˼תͷľʵĳóһ滨ľϻϷԨǰ򿪣һҪ֣
ֻǰ˿Ҳн˿˿ϸͬɫҲв죬ֽ˿ҲˣϷԨֻһۣŤͷʻһϲһ֣
һһû뵽ϷԨԼæ˵⣬ׯԼѡˡ
Ķ÷⡣ϷԨ
һϷԨ⸱ݾܾӣֻ߽ϸϸȻ̧ͷʻƣһ𣿡
Ƶͷԡ
һ㰤ָⰴ˰Ȼ˽˿ɫɡ
ϡЦ
˴ϷԨʵ㲻ϲ̫Ľɫ
ǡһæҡͷѵһ˲Ҳֻ࣬Ҫׯ͵ģҶϲ
ϷԨãʲδ׷ʣΪҪѡɫ˿գĲǷŻưõĽ˿
һΪɫ
ϷԨѵΪϸ
һʵʵ˵һ֣ģ˿̫ӲƵʱ׻֡
ϵһ𰸣ϷԨѵһЦҺôǸׯ书ôСһ㣬ô׾Ͱָˣ
һ㴹Ҷˡ
ɱᣬҿû˼ϷԨһ˻Ӧæ˵ϸҸ˻ء
߱ģ˺ܿصԱߣϷԨû˵ֻ½ŵһ嵽ǰ棬ضԼ˵ׯ߲ˣ
ϷԨϵЦȥüô᲻ˣ˭֪ȥ𣿡
½һԼţֻ˵ԼҪҽ飬һߵģҵʱûȥׯ֮ǰԸΪޣҺ·ʮҲ쵽ʱˣȴӰҺ·ʮѾȥҹһȦȴһ񣡡
ϷԨɫΪѵһβӰжȴʧ٣
ԣ½Żզզ˵ţ溦Сʲôˣˣ
֮ǰȥ˷ʱϷԨûȥĻֻ´˿ѾɵȨɵͷϣ֪ɺȨɲվڶģǻйͬĵˣħ̣λŻв岻Ĺϵߣεʲôôأ
˼תǧأȴһֲԣϷԨʮʮʮ£һԪһͬԭصȴʣµȥߣӵʱ䣬ҲҲûСݱ߽粻ԶǵСһŶֺһҡ
ˣǡ
һԶȥϷԨȻĵĪԤУǲҵߡ
ϷԨתͷȥԵĻһҲڿԼĿԣϷԨüʲô뷨𣿡
һ̫ˡ
ҲôáϷԨɫʼأȲǺߣǳʲôĿĽߣ˵ܷɹһ£ߵ书ٵϲܳɹڼݱ߽ͣȫһʱ𣬲Ԥıٷ˸޷µһ᲻ͣʲôʱͣҪ䵥֮ʱȫǿѵٷһ·϶βǣǲܺ޲
ׯһ̾һٵȵȰɣٵȵȻи
ϷԨҲ;Ĭԣ˼ʵɵ㻹кܶ࣬˼ˣȻ뵽Ƿͽɫø
Ӻ½޹


125 
ϷԨԣϲδиķӦֱתԸǼ·
һǰУˣֻϷԨһȻСҲֻʣԼĪӵ·̣ϷԨҲԸ͵У㿿ϰ˿㡣
ϴκ̽ͽֻˣֱߣˣ½ţ·ʮһ
óһܼ򵥣ֻһͽ߲ͽ
ͽôѳΪɽׯѡڽ죬Ӱѵӵеɻʱʧ١
߲ͽпͽǰٷͨ籨ţǽٷڼݳǣȴŻǣ֪ͽǸεͨ籨ŵģҲ˵εߡεʲôôأ
Ŀǰ֪εģԼϵжܣεðնһΰĻᣬߺǰ˸ӴŵĹϵߣѵ˵ϣε֪ʲô
ϷԨ˼ϿҲ޷ȥ
˫ָ֣̫ѨЩʵ̫ˣЩȻԼڱľء
ӴҴҶһ˺ܿͻصС
ϷԨӰ԰úԼȥȴֿһˣȥ賣ȥ鷿ҲǲԷӰȻûСԼ֮ǰΣ趼ԼصСԼһж
ϷԨΪѾΪղĬ
Ȼһʱ֣ϷԨҲϾ룬֮дŸ裬ʧٵ顣ȻҲ趯鱨ǰȥѰߣǲͽҵ˵Ȼá
鷿һŸд꣬ϷԨסֽıԵᴵ˴īɵĸһЩϵľӥһԣԴ˽ŷ丹С
ȴ룬īδ͸ľȻûϷԨϤҲľӥԼˡľӥȻֹһֻԱʱ֮衣
򿪴ӥ˳ͣϷԨֱϣϷԨֻתӦȦһ˲ӥ֮λõһԲͲ״ֽϷԨչдԼţֽ
ϷԨ״Ȼͷһϡ
ҪЩ࣬ϾдŴ۸ʽûȵȣֱ˵żɽ
޷뿪һ˲ܺׯСһᡣׯмдϵңֻɵӽׯӦһ⣬Ϊð֮ˣׯע⡣
Ȩ֮УׯҪҸ֪ׯκйħ̵Ϣ͸¶κһλӰԷȨ֪
⣬ҵ߹۲쵽ݳǸмλɵȨɵӡ뿪ɵİ˸ÿʮջȨһΣĵصǹ̶ģֻȺ˳ͬƺΪ˶Ŀֱ̣ŷֲ裬ʲ̣żֱ¹ϵꡣҲ²ε贫ŵԼĵصҵ֮һׯע⡣
ϷԨŵݴͷβϸϸ顣
ڵһֽǵǱεߵģ˿̣ȴ˵Լ޷뿪һΪʲô޷뿪Ȩɣε磬ӦǰǿȨɲ
ϷԨȥĥ˵İ޾
ڶֽ˼ֻһ費ε֪ħ̵ľ
ţϷԨĵϢ
ǰֽ˺飬ϷԨֶοͭ¯ջ٣Ȼȥһֽϵ־䣬вδκҽҩصĵ̣Ҳû½ǴȥϷݡ
ϷԨü
鱨ϾҲϣϢִ֮ͨεǰϣߡ
ŵĵصֻҵ֮УһʲôϸڱԼˡ
ϷԨ˫ʼػ䡣
һЩңԶļƬȿֺǰϷԨһ֮ԺѰұ֮Ժɵ㣬Ϊɽׯʼ䣬䧵ļһʿȻ䣬ƺ뵽ʲô˽סˡ
ϷԨ۾
ڣһµĲ롣
ϷԨֻϣԼ룬ſҪɺԵī֭æдһµţ֮ǰ˵ʧٵֽɫصؾãһŽľӥĶҪ֤һ֤ԼĲǷȷ
Сɺܽһʱͻˡ
ϷԨش򿪻أеֽ
չһ ֽϣֻж̶һ䡪һᾡׯѰߡ 
ǵڶ ֽԼˡ 
ϷԨĪЩһֽ򿪣йżֱĽܣҲǷϷԨдʵݡ
żֱ࣬ΪֱҲ⣬Դͱ𻨸⣬֥ӱΪȫݳǶһ֮⣬̶⣬֣ʱ֡
ʣµϷԨѾĿˣ߳õ֥ͣӱϣΪҪ֪Ĵ˿Ѿ֪ˡ
һֱڲͽѾƫۣΪĻеűӭж⣬ֻǽλѳΪɽׯǾͲΪ书ǿȴϢر׽ߣнٷ˾ȷߵ٣ζ϶Լڼݱ߽ͣ
ЩƲȫҪƷ
һɱŪڹ֮ίͷŭӿͷϷԨŬԼƽûסһ߿鷿š
·ϷԨ⸱һûȴϷԨɫضԼ˵Ľһá
㶵ذ彣ȥ
һѶ彣ϷԨֱһңһ߿
䡪
һ쾪һתͷȴϷԨ
ӦϷԨѾȽڶԷԣֻŽȴֹסط
ĽԼһɵؾׯ
ϷԨȴֱӳʵεʲôϵ
䣬һƬţХ˵ڰɪ
κ󣬻һȻׯѾ֪ˡ
ֱܲӹϷԨķӦһ˲ǽڻһĲԻһϸС˿ڣѪȾϽ棬޵ôĿ
ҡ


126 
һͷׯΪɽׯ
ϷԨȴֱӴϻһģ֪ҲѪ⣬󻺻ڵأϷԨһ۵ϵĳ죬վǰѽԱ˼磬ѽֻڻһļϣҸһ͵Ļᡣ
ԣһŵ̧ͷײϷԨ˫ʶԼԽˣ׳ĬΣƺ֯ԡ
ϷԨס򾲾صȡ
ú󣬻һڿˣǷεһ顣ԣҪҴһй鱨ʱһǴӦˡ
ϷԨޱ飬
ʼһ˵ݳׯʱԼ׼ݣױ˲ˣ뵽ε衣Ԫ׵ݣ׼ġ
ϷԨϲɫȴǣԼȷʵɹԪ׵ݣȥ飬ȴֺ
ׯڳׯ·ϣܵεΧ·й¶ȥģΪε˵̽ΪɽׯʵɺΪɽׯˣȨ˵ǱڵвȻεҳŵԲ˺ׯǴδɱԭ֮һ֮ԴӦһԭΪҵʱԪ׵ݣԣҡ
һ˶٣ҧҧ˵˳ҼһλӽׯȡׯΣԣ뵽ҿεĴɱׯһأׯԪ״ɣҲϽԼľ˾֮⡣
գһһʱ䲻֪˵ʲôãĬĬعţܿͷϴϷԨ˵
㴫šϷԨѣߣѵ˵
һ򴽣ݺļׯѾ֪żֱҺεԼõĴŵĵطһȥ֥ӱΪεѰһֿԷˮҩࡣӻ¥ĵӵɽǴΣϵƤΪմˮУ룬ҴӴ˲ˮԺȻΪ
ɽҲûϴˣϷԨϻһĻȻʡ
ǡ
ϷԨЦãܺá
ǿѹͷĻϷԨȻ뵽ʲôǶԻһˮҩ࣬ӦЯɣøҿ
һһС໨ƿ
ϷԨһѶתûսֵһ͸ĲˮȻʳָĴָľƿϣϷԨָһҩ࣬ȻָûˮƬֻ̣ҩಢûܽ⣬Ȼάֱ״
ϷԨҩһϣһûѡ

ڶδţׯȳ׼ȥȽⶾǸϡֻ֪һλᣬȻصȣ봫ţڵ졣οε赱ŵֻҪһʵ鱨ӴҺͼ˵Ķ飬һʹȻϷŹᣬջ˶飬ε壬˭ҲǷ˭
ϷԨü飿
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ĻйŹֵĵطϷԨһεΣӦˣεĹϵûô򵥡
һһɴЦׯϻۡ
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Ϊɽׯûм¼εԨԴϷԨʡ
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ϷԨԣƳһһۣȴһԲˤ½˦뿪ˡ


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129 
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130 
ȷԼû˼ϷԨŻ˺飬ӽͭ¯УվһԾصȴֱеּɻҽ
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䣬ű֮ǿӲײķҶĴߣ˪ɫ֦ϣȻ˷Ƿɢֻʣ顣
ɫĳӳȻΪ׵ĵ̷Ѳ
ҷ֮ǰ׽óŰӷȻ
ȻǰݲȻ߰ɡ
˪״æǰȥȴΪȻһɫֹԭء
ȻŤͷ˪һͣԼ
ȻȻӵĽŲһխﻺжͲ۹ˣ˶ܺ¼ССӣʼ߶߶Ц
񾡣أ߹롭
ݺʮŵӮҳ¡һĿΪ̫泤Ƶȴ΢ϸĽδһ꣬޳ơ˫ɫҹ죬׾Թ϶䣬ĥ־˲ңǧָʤ


131 
ԭıڣȻɽ˺
Եɣ˵ҲǺЦį򽭺Ҳ򽭺
Ԫ·ɲԶǧѺͿǰȥݱڵϢй¶֮Ѿŷδ֪˵궬գӲһ
Ȼܿͷ뽭ɸλˣǰɽڲ뽭У˼棬Ƽ£ץס֣ϳͶˡ
ѵŲףɻʵ
ԵҲĲɵظ͵һΪϴδ֤ȷ䣬ŶȻûзĻˣ
˭֪أ˰ڰ֣ڴ˰ˣˣȥ֣һɻ󲻾ӭж⣿
˵յʿʮоŸģһ²ȥʵûй
գĦŶʵɽɽ
δϴΪͬһõľϣյ˽ǹƻҳ޹⣬ƺҲޡľϵġ嵨ƮݷǷϰֻݶʹȥչ⣬ֻܱӰ
һ̴оľ
ӵĽ̸ãⳡ֣١
ųʱ̸СһЩֻʾҰ֮󣬺ܿ죬˽Ĭ
һǰĳŰųΪʸ֮ģȻɵأ˲óȻֻҽŹѺԪǽգ˰ȵת˶٣ǰȨεдһ⣬ϱָϿĳͳΪħ̿ܡ
¹ؿҵȻԼиӵεŵ֮ǰȨɣ֤εŵ˵
գεʹһɫᣬ˻̧֣ܿһ߸Űײʬ塣
֪Ƿ񻹼ǵãһǰĽϣָϿŵĳε賯ʬķ߽һ֮Ҽһ˹¿꣬޴ɹ飬ļλʿȷʵǱڵĵϳ£ȷʵȹѹءˣεɤȻأȴ룬òҵȴ˽ӵɵĵˡ
ԣһʱȻ
ε˵Ψһ֤ȻɥȪҾô¹ΣȥȵĻɽȴ룬ȥŵɵȴ˵ҲҪ²ܹ
ұȥ뵱СʬҧԾĻȻţǣܾ鲢û򵥡ԣҵ£ڵȵȣҽ󡣡εƿײһǣĿ֮£һذ׹¶ڳЩŮѾһεĶֹڴˣ£ֻܿһСۻİ׹ǡ
뿴׹ǲͨİ׹ǡε踽ָ׹мĳһȴһֱǶУ뵽ȹҲ鿴˵ħ̵Ŀ
µϷԨһȻΪɽׯǰǱɽʱҲֱ˿İ׹ǣʱԣףԭЩ׹Ƕħ̵Ŀܡħսַħ̿ܵʬ壬ҲϺ
ȷֶߣ㿪żɽʵεţҼǵϴΣϳ˵пߵĹͷǺɫģʬĹͷǰɫ
ʵĺáεȻӻͳһţȹǰμӽ󣬵һ⣬ϵݣΪλ󡣡
ε˼ȹ˵ħ̿жһΪܣдǰһǾλɱ֣Ҳͱɿܵĳܣ˼壬ɿܵʱλѾܲǺڣƤӲ˵Щ֮ǰλɱֵʬӦϡ
һΪܣܺò£ܡ볣죬ͷҲǰɫģ˼룬˿׹ǵʱ򣬲ΪʿٿصĹߣҲ׶Ͼȫ磬ܼţ˵д֣Լ˼ĿƣһһǱʿĲٿɵġûʿٿأܾһᶯľͷˡ
εɫɱأüǿҲ˵һǰĽ֮ϣǶ£˵ǣģ֤ʣǱٿܵɵģΪľǸԼȨҧԾҲ⣬Ļ֮¶ͨٿؿαɱļ󡣡
գֽݸֱϷľʦϣȹרõӡ£Դ֤ҷŵĻ־档óԹҴλŶԱһ
ȵѾԴ۰Ͱ͵žʦſ촫Լ
ȻϵŴϷԨֻһۣתһλε˵ƶ;ʦû飬˵ǿһ£Ѿ϶ӹɡ
յ贫ʱϢδȷϷԨû룬Ǵ˿ǿܵѾΪʵò룬һʱ˼顣
ǿһ£ϷԨ֮ǰежϾƷ׷ݵ¥ĵʱѾǿܣڻһдˡ⣬ǳ⣬ȻΪǿɡ
⣬ϷԨͻһ۹Ȼìܵĵط˿ܵĽ͡
˼ˣϷԨʶͬһۼ䣬һͷȻһԼǿСˣֻա
ϵֽԭֻۺۣÿλ˵ﴫһȦٴεʱѾõòӡ
εպãȻԸȨɵӣθÿ˶ڣѿźͻ¥¥˺úʣ
ǵͷ߽ģɳիסһ꣬Ѿࡣ
ߵȻ߻ǹζЦŲ̤õż
ȻһɵģüúȻֱ˵ǳ̹״ӿܴϣڿ¥ʲôʵ
ȻЦøʢسһҾãǾ͹
ֱͦһһ䣬˵̹Ȼɱġ
ˣ֡


132 
ûȻûκαʵй
üŤͷȥһԵľʦ۵׶ֳһ˿𾪡
εҲò˼飬ʶؽĿͶ裬֪ԷʲôӦȴֱⷢͣߵĴɱϣˮӳޱϲݣ⡣
ʻҪŵµʵȻԷ飿
ɱ֣Ȼȴش̹Ȼˬ죬ްֻԡ
ȻɣƬ̳ɣԼ˼⣬ֵΪ˰Ļ֮ѶеԼϣһףһ޹أΪѣΪҲһȣ˾Բ׷Ź㡣
ģҾĻ֡Ȼһ˾ɱġ
ȻؽⳡʵȨԼţҽɱ˵ļƻϸϸ˵˵ĸλ
üͷȴĽССĽ¼̫࣬ȴûмȻɱ˻ֱ׳յģ·ɱ֮˸о̷·
Ȼʵã
ԭʮˣֻɲɣЩ˾Ȼһ¥һȣҾץסΪ׽סڻ¥УνЩ߱˷һѧһЩȻ֣ⷢץסΪ׳ȻǱ˷ж֮һܡ
ĬϷԨȻһԭȻҲȥ˷
ǵõΪɽׯһǰȥ¥̽ʱȻõ֣ߺ͸˵ܿ˷һԻ㣬еĶҲҲ˵˷涾һһӡ֤ˣȻȻ˷ħ̵ĵ̣֪ûʲôϵԼˣ
Եֱʣħ̵ˣ
ǡȻǳЦţˣħ̶ԴϽ˷ٵ֮ءֻһλУħ֮ͽˡ
ףȻ
ߣˣȻȻɫһһ䣬ҧúƽ˵Ǵĥ˱ѪҰ޳ݷĳ֣ҵĳҡ
ԼƺЩʧأ׿һԼյģ̧ͷʱѾмĳĵЦݣޣϧǣҿʼƻһУҴ׳еϢ
ܿʿĲ»ָԼʶָʶ֮ҽֽŽָιƵĶҩܲסҵ̿˵Ҫ˶٣ȻƮƮ˵ڽһ޹ؽҪС£ȻҸͷΪѾûüֵˡ
Ѿ˽ָָ
ڵõҪϢ֮ҵ˽ɱͻȻﻹмλ©֮㣬Ҫǰȥڿд衣Ҿ˼٣֪⼸λѾ˸˿ջ
ʧȻ˵ġǺڳʮλ¥һײк˸оλҩģҲ˵оλܡһƣҲһλܣ߳ˣѱ䣬ǲɹɲ룬һĳҼʱ֣ɱڸ˿ջ
ϷԨͫ΢Ը˿ջŻһ߳İ׹ǣǽϿµġӡ֣
룬ڸ˿ջ˶ɱδ̫˶ĿɱҲʲô£ҿɲ̫˵Ը˿ȴ֮ؽⳡıɱƻȫгȻﻹʣʮˣоܣҺΰвܣʣǾλ˾ɱʣµܣȻбڵҴɾ
һϣʵȷʵˡȻ΢΢һЦĳøлεţţСȻ裬ЦøӲãȴü΢΢һ£Ȼȴתֻûš
飬شҶѾ֪ˡ
Ϊɽׯׯڻ¥ڵұ㰵вΪˣɹϴׯҵɡׯȥڣͶţҵЩ˲ȷˣдǷָϿŵ֤ʡ
׹ڵĿ˿ǳ֡ȴû뵽Ϊҧֵ֤ݣǼʱ٣Ϊдлޣֻ֣©գЦ˼εţعҲ㣬㰵ָܻʶһΨһΣÿҲҲֻάְʱǳһʱδʲôǰìܵ飬Ҳ˵ʱܡ
Ȼεŷ˵ܵһһɱʿĲٿɵġܹԸĻԴ˵ʿڽȻЩƮԳЦҡҡͷʿǺȻǵ¸صľʦԶȨεţź͡ţûǰۿдЩˡ
ȻķƳһۣɿջߣȻһЦ
ʿֻҡ
Ȼ֤ȷ䣬һҲǸԼ档ЦݣȻڲνЦĿ䣬ɱţݺţĳϧ
ȥվϷңңһݣ飬ŷ


133 
ԭΪͷϷлڣȻݲճЩʧ
й󣬱Ǽ¼ڣӰչһԼ¼Ȼ龭аݳŵģԼ˽ǰߣȻ޾ϸزߣȴõһϸ˵Ĵ𰸣ħѳУҲͲȻͳ֮˽ˣ෴Ȼͷţݽ㣬㹻ЩɶϢԴǵؿʷ
գȻ޵̡֮
¥⣬Ժ󽭺κ˲ѻ¥߽ɱۡ
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ϷԨ֪Ϣʱ¼һϸڣдЩҲΪư̫ɣδΣͷβһддţȻһԤԣһȻԤԡ
̼Ǹմӻ¥֮ʱصСϷԨԤԣֻҵһȻйءԪһһ꣬¥¥Ȼޡ
ʱϷԨôҲ벻ף˵һǧ꣬Ȼôһ˥
ףΪȻһȥڵѱ˽ʰˡụ̂ص̷޵̣֮֮أΪ޵̶֮Դ˵죬ܻһǧ꣬ڵľΪ֧ţһڵϣɢ½ᵤĿܣһ˵޻һꡣ
޵֮ԭֻв꣬Ѹ˥ϵԼӦģպ˥ϣѰһ޵֮ͻһٶľľ֮ľ಻Ͱ֮á
ϷԨǵãȻӦٶ꣬ˣֻǺһ
˶ԣһһ֮ãĻУúͻһغνǴġ
ϷԨǰֽԼīܾƺһЩҪϸڱԼӣڣҲֻǳˣϷԨ˼ãȴһֻա
ʮգȻȨɵ̳ϣ̡
Ϊǳһӷʩ̷ȨΪŷṩҪ֤ݣҲǣ˰֮УͬܳΪʩˣԸִдλ֮УֻҲֻ衣
ʮգһ졣
ܲīɫתХֹȻ˫ֱ̳ʮľ׮ˣȥֻ׵İɫº£ˣ᲻ɴݵǶֱ۵Ƥ֮Уצ쫷罫޷½Ǿϰգֹסؾҵزȴ·ӵֻܱȽһٵĿ籩ꡣ
ܿ죬̳ӿ
ѱɣλҲ׷׵
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ȻԼħ̹͵ʱ̫Ťףڼħͷ֮£ǰ⸱󣬼ֱС׼ףҳݣԵûȤƽͷۣɫ
ǲǣҪˣ
Ȼ뵽Ժ÷ò׿ϼ䣬ϾҪ䣬ӣǿϧ
Ȼͷһ漴Գҡҡͷ
ѱȻʼ÷ҲǿЦ
ߣѾը죬߿
ȻɱţϳȫͷֶζԣѱͷϳͶˣϢ˾¥Ȼ޵̣֮Ԫһһʮʮ̡
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ĸֵʱȻûסЦһ£ֱǸϤڶߣȻڲЦ
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迪ʼԼһһسȵأ̤Ȼļ䣬Ȼڿʼİ
̶̵ļ̨ףǳɽǨ
ڣȻһ֮ԶĵطͣסŲ˫ֲڹ֮£һƽޱ飬ϲȴ԰׵·Ѫɫȫޣ촽ҲպޣĻҰףһߡ
վȻǰû˶
ȻɼɵĻɣֺسԷ˵ộѵһڵֻʵǻǽҴ۽أ
θΪľõµĿ
Ȼܿ죬˶˵ţϳˣ򲻿ɣ
ǳȻɥħͷͷӲ𣡡
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˵ˣҪء
ԷûзӦֻǼת
ܿ죬Ȼɫѿͷֱֱɵҧأݷй¶İš
ǵڶת
ȴ룬ʱţȻѾڶһͷ󺹣ȫƲסĲΣʹڵܵĵزһ˺ѷ֮ͻأ쳹ȻֹסؾҵشϢһ׼Ķȴ;ϡ
󣬴һȻ
۽޾ΣڻڳʻһƬԱתڵѳʩϡ
ɢɢ
һ˵ţһѾ߿üԶ
ߣΪ˱ȫԼ磬ûгȻòҶͳֻʵȻ˺üĭֻΪ̳£ԺźģЩ۲ûԸԳ䵽Ȼϡ
Ѿץסʱæȥͽ
ѾڸոյʱﱻýնϣŷӵϵȺ˳һѸߡ
һϷβ
Ȼ̳ȥճǰǰľȴЩģ֪ܿԼ˿ֻһӣнľͨˡ
ȻŲ鸡ҡҡλεȥ˶ɢˣӰҲһ룬ȴȻһ˳ԼȻãȴΪ岻ܴɡ
Ȼһѱס
յĽˣſ˵ݣԭ˪
Ц˵߰ɣˣؼ÷ȥ
˪ʱȦЩʵػش𣺡ããģʲôҶȥ
𣿡Ȼ˪ķ˼Ƭ̺˵úûţһޣϾϲ֮顣
ҪǿˣȻǳ̾һҲ֪ҵġ


134 
ڶգ¥ϷӴ˳Ϊ˿̸ɫħ֮ͽ
Ȼǲ⣬ʧȥ¥¥ݵסԼƶСԺѵõС
޵ĵʮĸ磬ȻͷѾȫףƤ϶һ壬ά衣
϶м֦÷Ͳסį֦ͷʢţۻ꣬㡣
Ȼ;ɹ̫
վǵв˥ϣȻԼǰģʵſһС飬Ȼ۷ڣֻʱЪһЪ־С˵ϣǿãȻ÷㣬̾
˪÷۽ȻĻ¥ҪȻҼ֦໨ƿ¥ֱߣýҲŨ
úõĻʲôȻ֣ذ˰ڣЦŸ̾Ŀ֮ȴ˼ζܶüգӲݰܵˣϧǧ
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Ҳ˪߶߶СʱܾãѩɾĶܹȥһаۻ࣬װع׾ϾǺÿһ룬ԽԽȥ˵ǲǺԣ
˪Ҫ˵ЩʲôͻȻǰüƺһæʵ¥ôˣ
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ȥ˪ûжȻߴٵ
˪վǲʱСΥȻԸǿ˼ߵ;תһۣȻĵطҳڻǱӿ첽һ뿪ˡ
÷۽Ȼ˪ģһʱЩȻǰͷźȻ˸߲ҵΡΡһŸɻ÷ŶȻԼһѾҡҡ׹ҧЩӲֻźĬĬŻȥ
ü۽⣬ůģԼ档
ֺʺ˯Ȼ۾
־С˵ָ⻬䣬ǡħ¼֣ڵչһҳһҳչյ͸дšħ̱̫ƽϲʤա
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ѩδӭ˵һꡣ
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ȴվԭأҲӦЩֽǮ
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ȴûжҹɫŨȥ˫֮д󲿷ֵɫ˪ֻܿԼĻ޶ԣǰһ
ѹֵһ̱˪͵سҵ彣ֱֱ裬ɱ֡
ϧʵ⣬׾ٵرܿ˪ǰܵش½⣬Ԥ֮еĽεأݺݵأʵص衣
Բ˪͵͵ģһҪճ֮ǰɣˣܿڶ֪ʱúѰ죬롪
㵽ڶƣ˪ԷԼףֱӴĻЦûֻ֪ƣ⣬ǣֻ֪ܹﵽԼĿģԼļƻ©򣬾ľΪµ˵һȥԴµĽǾҵ𣡡
Բû뵽Ȼķ
˪ȴţɡ
Բ𡣡ȴԭء
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Ǿ仰ζһ£һʱ侹ȻĴ˫մѪˣĻӦ˪䣬һߡ
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ǵģѪ顣ǷȻһܻغ˪ӣ˪ȼ㾡ȡҾ֡
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һ仰˪ȻһɫƺЩҡǺֱܿᶨȡҪң¥ҵ֣֪μƻʧԭʲô𣿡
ʲô
Ϊε費岻ؾ
Ȼɫһ
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һʱԡ
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ţ㻹㶯ˡ
ʶطôܣ
ΪҲ֪𣿡˪Ц֪ģԪһ꣬ħսոսΪħ̽׼Ƽ֮ߣܹӼƿ֮Ȼ·Щɺ׷֣Ǻɵ˰ڻڳɹѿǣȺɵε衣Ҳ˵꣬εȹһ
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á
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135 
һԭѱ˸ΪɽׯܹμӵҲֻнһ׶Σ񳾰䶨ѳϷԨһҲûмɵɣǱȥصС
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Ҵұ鷿·ϣϷԨĽƣ޷ߣһߣһߡ
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136 
һһס漴չָ洽Уͷֱӽȥ
ͷʱúϷԨĿԡ
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137 
С죬ϷԨھȥɺúý̸һء
дһţû񴫸裬ڵõĻ֮ϷԨһͬɽڡ
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138 
ϷԨ֮ǰйƵĲ²⣬ʹʹҿʱǲ𾪣üĻȻǺԩ
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139 
轫˵ףϷԨ׷ʣֻй°򵥺䣬ȥȴڼŶ֮ʱ΢𶯣ѲܣȻԴ󷨵
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140 
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141 
ڻһʧһ˲䣬ץסʱһԾͽǰ̣һתѾ뽣沨ĳcʶȥǺûһأѪ˲Ⱦǰ
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142 
պɽʱĽƻ
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143 
Żڲĺգ̼бɽ⣬ΪɽׯׯڣԼӰ
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ոһյĿţţţΪɽׯһգߵһĴ죬ħֻһꡣ
죬⽥Ũ÷ɢš
һ⣬˵ǽ½½ֳһЩССɲţЩŲҰΨһĹͬǣп֮ǰһȻ཭˱ΪӴ˸ǣȴٴŰһʱΣ塣ºܿ˵ӣѾڶԱԼߺ׷֡
֮ɫƽ죬ϾЩֱʣҲ˪ѪְͣӽǻУִ򿪵ڶš
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144 
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ⲢûΪݣƺڿǿΪ֪һ档
·в
ü˼̧ʱϷԨҲڿʵȥȥ
̾һҡҡͷҲòȥգҲʶԷׯȥ
ҴȥϷԨתƣ۽ԶȻջߣ裬Ͼһϵƣء
Ǻ磬Ҳôһ
ʱһŷӦȻʧЦϷԨľǶǣҶԼ˽⣬ԲֻǱύ־ʿ򵥣һĿģ֮ׯǧҪСġ
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145 
ϷԨ˼ûа½ſȱϣ֮ĵڶ죬ϷԨһ˱®ݳֱǰȥˡ
죬ʮġ
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ϲٴϷ̨ϣĵ׹Ƶգ΢ҡΣ޵ĺϵϷһɫ洹ߡ
ϷԨ뼧˸棬˵ϼ׻ҲûһǿġѾʮߵ͸ܼң⣬ϷԨҲͲڼǰֱȥΪΪɽׯԤλϡ
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146 
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εü˪иɻЦݵӰԼͫһ⸱ģģʯɵĳһؽԼ֮ǧ
ȻԸʣͲٶ˵һ֮صĻε赹ҲԼֱ˵ڶԷԼ¶⣬ǿ֮ģ¼̤ĶȨһǰ澡ʧҲһΣ˵˵ȻţȴšҶˡ
ԡεɤЩɬԵʣԴɳƵѯʣԾ
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ԼǳЦԼ飬εҲգֻǿЦҲǣЩΣԽˡ
߷Զڸʵǽ̺Ӣٿ˫ۣɫ鶯ܺùԷ۵һ޲Ұţԭа
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147 
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СϷԨʣҸ㴫ţȴѶΪʱѾ˶ˣ𣿡
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ϷԨʵͶ˭дģ
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148 
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ϷԨʱʣҾͼ˵ˣ֪Ԫǰʲôħ̵֪֮ħ̵֮ǰʲôǱ˷ϽлΪɽׯл֪ǰʲôҲǱ˷Ͻл
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Ŀǰľ޷·ҪǾȥݣҪȥħսַǾȥݡ
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ⲢǱߵϢȫܲˣϷԨø鱨ǰȥݣռõ
µףȣڣΪɽׯȴǲиһ·ͣ㡣
ǵһħսַǱɽϷԨȻѾֵᳵ·ֻΣϷԨûŻһоյ¼Ťţ෴ӸԴ֡ׯԼϱУǷԸӰɽ˼լס£յΪɽׯ󷨹ż費˼룬һ󷨶һµĹڽ󷨳ˡ
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壬Щ˳Լеǡ



150 
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ֻʯͷԼĳߣԼߣԼߣҪǻһ͸˶ӣһʱҲ̧էһʯͷɫҺ֣ͨɽûʲôϷԨսһƣŷ֣ԭʯͷ鲼Źֵ·Щ·룬ȻγɵģΪµġ
ϷԨͷһ
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151 
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ұǲŵģʱΪ˶ֱսȽԤԳ棬ҲſʼҡǱɽʯϵġԪǿ·Ĵʯͷ÷µ˼͵Ŀв֮ɵġû뵽ԤԳ棬ЩﾹȻһٶóˡϷԨɫڣҪصϸλãӭһĳħս
һüʵׯܹ֮϶ħսһҲΪԤԣ𣿡
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Ѿҹʰ룬˵ݳǵزɾа˶ɿܡ
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ȻӲܣͱڣԪ֮书ǿĳϻѧͽǰȥݣѰʧ˶ɱܣ书Ѱա
Ǽˣݻˡ


153 
һһ£ڲԸαװɰжԤ˵˺Ƽ棬Ϊħ֮̽ģħ̵ս飬аݵڶݣħսһ
ϷԨׯĵգУ񷷺ңĶƺҪĶ࣬һмվȻƮëѩһҹһޡ
ѩס̵Ѫ᾵İ׹ǣȥʧҹ㼣ΪݻոµװȴԶϴȥۣ̰ԵĿ˿ͺ޵ߵȨ׷
δ֣ħѾȽݱ߽缸СɱɾֶζɸĴˣˣߴ·;ϣձħץߣɿܣ׳ħ̵Ķ顣
һ鱨žת֣֮մϷԨǰϷԨͷβ飬ɫҲأ¶İվæ֮
ĸիѾǳɶѵĹ飬̫Ѩ˫üʼղչ
ߴ鱨˵̶̼ʮ죬ķ֮һĵѾΪħС
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ڣϷԨҲܲܲһУ뿪ճǣȥ׷һĲԭֻ룬գգ۾
ǿЦһƺ뵽ʲô̾һҪȻһֻ֣һˡ
͸ҵ𣿡Էʡ
ϣϷԨһϤӡ


154 
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һֻƽؿŶԷȵԷڲһ˵һ ͽһἰµԣׯ˵Ҳ뿪
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һȴ߬еĽ룬ֳԷһһΣΥׯׯҪԺ󶼲ˡ
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䣬Ȼĳɵ㣬ûȶԷشԴȶԷһ˴𰸣֪ˣŵ硣


155 
νһ㣬Ѿʴӱ֮ԪһѾգѧԪ֮԰дһţ˵ԼҪػħ̣صߣӵߵȨ
ĻҲĺܿ죬ɨһۣ־ջ١
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ӰְǣػׯԶ벻
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