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ɶɷ۴ 
ߣТ 
İ
һԽһ֪Լδúһδͣɻڴ
ⲢС˵ġ
ᱻ˽غ˼εδԺλȨأԽʾ֭ĺһˣܶǰںתͷһõˡ
ӴˣͶһһӳΪӵĶ顣
ǹĸ࣬ȻҲ㣬ǹһȢ׺ǹǹһͿ
ųܵø磬Сͼ˼ңôֻԼӵıᡣ
ԽԽȫûеķɻڴһӵ΢ƶ
ž飬һԼӺȳˡ
ںڣҲˡ
psģ
psûεδһֱϲ
ƼһҵԤ~
Ұϵͳ
¬һԽ˹Ŵ߹صһСԵǰĻûǷҪ߿ƾ·ͱһϵͳˡ
¬һʼǾܾģԸ𣬻ʲô˭ȥš
ϵͳʵǸ̫ˡ
⻷£Ŷϴ裬ܸƶȫŰʰкʹ߱ܣܴȥؽݳԴ֣;ܸɵһˣܺ
оҪӱ߹Сӣ¬մ700ֱӳ棬Ծذ
¬յ·ߵУСͻȻһλС¬վãԼӦȿȢϱˡ
ӽǣ
ҶǰƼ޸һƿ֣׺˸ҲѾҶϴԴԼҷϾȢ
ҵȲҶʵ̲ס˷ϼһüһأ
psģġ
psǰ
ݱǩ
ؼ֣ǣǣ
һ仰飺һֱϲ
⣺ˡ

1
Խ֮ء
ϡ٣ƶ񤣬Ӷ䣬ҹ²󣬲ʺϴ֣ܰԸǾǲˡ
ųԱ㣬һӣСǼǲ̫ܣҼһſӡ
طҲǳ֮͢ļ֮һ˶̣ҡ
𣬾ͳ
ʱԽڵһСɽſڵ³ԹӣطĶûУҰҰЩ٣ȻˣԵҲɽϵҰԸռֵġ
Ŀռ͸ǰũƵģԴӣԴԽ֮󣬾ͲȱԵġ
ȻˣҲĿŵһЩžͲ񵱵ضˮ
˿еģֵ棬ɽͬһƷֵģֻһǻŻƷ֣һͨͨѰƷ֡
ҲŸţһ˵ҶÿժĹƤ֭ˮҲ࣬ûȫһǰԵľûô㡣
˵´ȥժһЩ
طЩ̫ˣֳ͵ģо˶һ㣬岻ãɹҲ͸ûˡ
οҲġ
ûʲô
ȻҲֻСͲãϾͱȽƫСӣʲôػۻɡʵҲûøɹȻҪǻСҪչˣǶԼӾͲˡ
Ϊֵ֮ңǰҲʵҲһ㡣
Ȼιȥġ
֮ϾͲˣĴҲʲôʵϣϴ϶ԸԼÿջģҲԸԼҪȿ֭ӣ仹滷ӵ֮أǼֱǵˡ
ǻǸϲԸʵļͷ
Ҳϲ˭ϲԼӵдأ
ûС
ĻֵҪɽȥɽҰжԼҲ֪ģ岻ãҲҪе
ûȥ档ͷ۵İժġ
ϺһȻ̫ţʲôζ㵱ﳤôûԹ
ѰţôģҪ棬ͱ˸ժˣĻֵĵСӡ
Ҳн̫ϾǴﾭḻԻҲǲ׽ɽģԽɽһɽɲһ
Ƕޣȫġ
Сĳ˵طӦðȫôҲܲģҶǰǰÿζ˵ˣרֺҲһֱûɡ
ֵͷİɣûȥ̫Ҳ֪ҵģһһ׼
㵹ġ
ĸ˵ʱ򣬸ڲԶǱ߾ʹ˳ֵ
ָһꡱ
ȻԼӵǽڵĵĹȥ֡
ҲȥţǼֿʼ˰
ĿһζǱߣҲ飺ǿɲӣ̫̫ĶҪƫɤˣһ죬һţʹôܣɶʮˣǺӿֲźá
ӵģ͵ĶϣһТ־˶ָּҵ̫̫ɲǴ֮ˡ
ͷȻҲԤϡ
ʵϣⲻһǱּҳܡ
ҲǱߵģһҪ
ŶԼҲǣܵڻδ
ĿǰδͷʱûԴժ

2
һԽߣСʱûдԽǰļ䣬ʱ䣬Щ
ţܣиֵصũ
ҲΪˣԭ˺ת
Ȼǰûʲô𣬵ȫõͻȻСˡ
ͬʱҲʶˣԼһС˵УС˵ܣǸּҵųʱˣںŴԽˣԭּҾܾ̫̫谮ų裬Խ֮Ҳˡ
ּңǲҪɻģ˶ʱ䣬˯Ȼѡ
ǼĺӿɾͲһˡ
ũôøɵģ䱱ԽңԸͲܳԿģڴԽǰûɹʲôػ˵µˣԽȻǸȻҲȥҪɻ
ͦģɷ¾±Ƚϡ
̹ˣͬô̹
ŮԱ֮⣬һǸӲ޲ͬ󲿷Ҫƫһ㣬Ҫˣӣһλ
̫̫һŮŮѾˡ
ӵಢ϶˫̥
ϴһһŮ϶̳׵ʱ䲻ã϶һӣֻһ
Ψһĺӡ
ּҵľմԽ²˵ǾǱ˴ԽǷѹȣƷַּңʵˣԽɵãƷȫҡϴĬԣ϶ʵţʹ͵ˣ
ŸԵϱҲһġ
ּļƷԭˣ̫̫ǳ谮ʲôõĶǸġ
ȫҶɹɺ̿ͷʱֻǰװ۵ģ϶ûӡ
ּͲµģǴ󷿵ĹŮĸ
ʱŮ͸ڼλƫͣ޳ȥĺóȥˮӶŮҲӣѹ£󷿹ŮԸ񰲾ųԼܵĴʲôڼûʲôڸС
ǶһԸǿǿСͺǼʡ
СʱӲۣˣҲͲ˵ˡ
͵ԽԽӾԽļˡ
ּҳˡ
𾢣ﻹʱʱ䣺ȷʵǲ񻰣˶ڵæһ˯磬͵͵ﱳ˳ԺóԵġ
СҲ֪ôģìԽԽˣǰҲżһ٣£ԽԽƵˣ˵ּұ׼ŻˣƢĸŰ
һ£
ѲɣѾεδˣԲſҲ磬һǷּˣһҲãڶ
ҪҪãҲ̫ں
Ϊ˼ҵĿ꣬ͷβϡ
ΪδҪȡ֮ôҪõֶξͲܼ򵥡
õܻ£ж֣ʲôģôˡ
ٲ˵ñ˵л
С˵￪ͷı֪úһδͣɻڴһлûʽʼʱεδԺλȨأֱ취غʾ֭ĺһˡ
ǰںתͷһõˡ
ӴˣһһӳӵĶ顣
ԽԽȫûеķɻڴһӵ΢ƶ
뵽ˣ̲ס˸£ԾԼпռ䣬ܣӦòνľǸӣҪ֪ҲۻֱֱӱܿҲˡ
뵽ܺڻ֮С
Ļ£ҲҺʵʱģҲż
Ŷﻹ߶߶̲ס٩ô˼ҵСת۾ͷˣ
㻹˵ϵһۣ̫˵ǸиĺӣЩ׽Ŀ֪ѹûǻ£һڼó棬Ļ˼ԸȢϱ
ң޵ĲңֱӾʹӦĻ£û뵽һû˵ԺҪںͷǸˣ
ֱҪˡ
ϱʲôϱŻѾˣͱٽǼҵţԸʸ֦ȥɣҵҪҸʲôġ
ᵽĲᣬӲɿֱ˵˻£ǻûҵõ¼ң¿أʹǼʵ۸
Уǲ˵Ͳ˵ǼȢģͿϵʱ²ǵʱ򻹵ء
ţ̲סЦ˳
Ǽ˵ûô۸磬еƢģҪ۸㡣
Ϻﵱ˴Сһ𳤴ģ񡣵˿ǸƷ֣֪ԷȻʵںϽѣ޷ǾʵðŪ¡˼˺󣬸պûھӣҲԽĶˡ
׺
󣬱һֱûٻ
ȥҲˣͷӣǾ൱ھˣԺ޳ȥˣǿô죿
˭Ҳùû޸ӻҪ˵ġ
ǺǾ뵽һӣϡ
ڱԽľڣЩ壬ǰһСڼǰͱˣڹǿȫãԾγڵľ档Ž⣬ֱ뺷ڵٲȻ˵ͷߣǳ͢ȹԱЩû취
˵ͻ⡣
һƬϾǵͷ֮һȻˣָϣָ硣ֻǺҲйϵģѪԵϵܽͷ磬ھ;˼ֵ°¡
ǼҲǰţһġ
Ӳȫ壬ͨĲ١
Ҳˡ
˾ͳıȽϣüۼϸ֮ܿɫ۾ŹֶصУͦÿġ磬ȫı뺷֮ˡ
СʱȻҲչ˵ҲȫǸðûʲôѪ֮ص󣬺ܿҲͺˡ
Ҳû
ͬҲû뵽ԽԽˡ
ʱϿߣԼûԸǣȻ磬ײԼĺӣ˼Ҳܰǵ׵տָôҡ
Ȼ˵׵Ҫ
ܿԼСʹӦ˵ѾӳɻˣһǡԸӣҪϴ󣬲ڸСġ
ұãڵʱּռ˵ģ˵СԺҪϣĶ˵ȥ˵ڱԽƶӵĵؽ磬˿ɲ¡
Ȼ̫̫Ϊʿ˵иͼһ㣬Ҳûа
˫ôˡ
𶼻Ҷ֮ͬĲź֪µġ
Ҳû˵ء
ǻûǰ䣬ҲûʲôһӶ档ʲôģҪ

3
ԾԼһƬĵģȻЩɢڽݣ˾ڣôûǲġ
ӻСҪ
ũУСԺٸɵˣҲŸѧԺǮĳ·ֻҪִţӦܹӡ
û뵽ͷεĶ˼˼ȴֻǰˡ
ǰЩӴȥɽϴԴ⣬֮Ÿ˹ȥһݣߵҴ󣬻ûüڣ˵Ϊ̸漰ԸӣҲû
أûأ˼ӷŵҵõľͰˡ
˵ʲôԼҸиģԺӦиõġ
ˣҲһðŪõļơ
Ļֱӽȥһֻ𱬵ӣһҲûˣֻһ׺ͻȥˡ飬Ҳֻ˫˵ãȫ˶֪ʵȴûп˫һЩʲô
ô˵ӿǲԸģϾԼĺԼ֪ҪһʵĶףĿǰܹӴķΧ֮õġ
Ͻ˵ּӵ죬Ҳ˵ĺܡ
ϱͲóЩģͱ˸һ˵ˣȻͷתӦ²˵׵£ʲôǴˣǺӣܻΪһ̸ȵȡ
մӦͷˣӼӦ¾͸Ͻߣǲᡣ
֪ԼֱŪˣˣ׹˼˼һСҪױףɾͲˡͲûаȥҪҲûãֻȢ򲻿Ȣˡ
Щ£Ҳ֪ģż֮Ļ£Ϊ³ɲˡ
ҲòϸŰԼϡ
ǲӦȢģܴԽδûʲôøУҺǹҲˣ˼һ飬˫кøУȻûȫõĵزҲˡ
ʱȻͻˡ
ĸ˵ŻʱּǱߵսҲˣ̫̫ɲʲôǵˣοҲи˵й³ТӣǼֱ̫ˣСʱƤʵҲüΡǱ̫̫ȻָԼұУֱӾȥһӡ
˵õһӣǸҪ޳ȥڼҲˣԵõôˣԺļҵײҪţ
ңǼҺ࣬Ե࣬СһˣԵ٣պú˵ˣ
СС;ͲѧãȥˣӶƣôС޳ȥˣӺ뱲Ӽʮöܵܵģ
⻰˵˭ţôˣɵĻԼһ𣬸˵ҪһүһĶӡ
˵ԵĿɲ٣Сÿһز٣ԷҲܾ԰׷··Σÿ궼ģ⻨ѣҺܵܳƤԣҲԲôࡣ
οҲкӣô뱲ӻҪҵܵˣ
ӣлʹϿǮȥǺˣϵڵܵͷϻࡣ
ʱҲǷſˣ֪׼һŻˣ޳ȥ
ѾСԼϲˡ
Ǹõܵδ
ǣõģƾʲôôõأ
ȻҲԼϡ
ֻɴ˶Ŀٶһɰˡ
֪ԼҪЩʲôǱܵģô޳ȥǼ޸Ǹ˵ĻʲôҪأ٣ٶڴӾһЩٿԷһʱ䡣
˸߲ҵĿ˼޸ԼϲĶ
ҲΪʲôˣͬһͥСʲôʲôûᣬƺһжıǰ
ʲôûС
⻰˵ϬޱȣΧֳֵּҲŵͷޱȵͬʵϣҲ̫̫ô谮һоǳĲ⣬̫̫˵ʲôи֮ˣҲȫûиܡ
ûּô͸ˡ
˹Ǹˣ˭ҪͨͥһӲøɻȫţȷʵͦиġ
̫̫˵ȥϴԼ˵ģӶŪķģһ±ƣŭɶӾʹȥ
ײ
еģӣڻһӳԵĺһˣ
ֲɵȻվŲˣҲ֪ԼĻеûûСģҪǶԷʵ̫֣Ҳ㡣
Ȼ󣬵Ҳǲ֪ôˡ
ķݣǰ涼ڵԺӵģ̫ݳˣֱܣܵһ룬ǰҵķӣ̷ӦҪ
룬Լ𿴵ġ
һ̣߶ˣһӾǺˣǽžŹҪӣǱıţǰˡ
ϲԷԷȴֻǸʶȴ̫ˡ
ѿĵᣬƲͷٵܿˡ

4
˼֣˸ˣٻЩڵġ
Ҳǡ
Ȼ˵ּҵ֣Ǵǳ־һͬȤ£˼Ҹǰȷʵ̫ã˼С۾ˡ
ˣڨڨվ߰߰ɣȥˣ˵һôôϲ֡
ҲˡԸҲô𾢡
ûˣҲȥˣȡһ飺Ǳߵ˹Ҳˣҹȥ
Уŵ̫£ɹˡ˵
Ӧ£ͻ⻹ˮȥˣأ⣬˵Ҳ򵥣˵Ҳѡң缡ⷢֵߣҪЩͺܼˡ
ЩҲΪóӵзḻľ顣
ǼҸҩҲȫ
Ҫǻһ˼ңǿɾͲ˵ˣСǻﶼҰͻϮСӸأ֪طжҡȵˣȻûˣվҲûôȫɽΣա
磬ʱҵɽġ
Ŷһ·ߣߵ·ϣͿһӰڵϣԴϥϣʱʱĿӰʶ

ԥһ£֪òüǰߡ
˵ʵûлָ֮ǰʵͦģΪһСЩǿԸ񣬸ʲô¶棬ŬⲻѺõĻУȥȡ֣Լɳ
ҲΪԼȡһζԸʶ䡣
͹ͣƾŶԷڻҶݣҲǲʲôġ
룬߹ȥˣҪһ߱뾭һ·ԭֻĵģٵ߹ȥͺˡһЩʱͲ˶̧ͷˡ
˼ҶţôҲͬһģǰҲкҲòֻε˵ﰡ
۾޵ĶЩˣվˣ˵ͷš
˵ЩʲôҲ֪Ҫ˵ʲô
㻹ǿЩȥɣط̫ƫˣһɽҰʱܶעⰲȫȽҪ
ҡҡͷҲȥףȥˡ
̫̫ˣȹʱؼң͵ûµˣȲѣǲġСʱǳ죬ЩίҲ̲סģôκҲо顣
ȥû˵ģ̫̫ܿ׼ٴһ١
뵽⣬͸һˡ
ûĸǲ°ġ
ͻȻĶӷһУס˶ӡ
ȻһӵģĹϵ׽С˵ûйأУȽˣһͬͬǲһģ֮ĽڶԷʱڶԷǰĶӷܲ˼ˡ
֪ģǿ쵽磬Ҫ緹ˣ̫̫Ǳ˵緹ˣϹҲԲϣ룬׻ǰ˹ȥ԰ɡ
΢΢۾֣ˡ
濴ͺܴ󣬲ѰժС̫á
ЦЦǿаѶϣû£ŰɣⶫҼһкܶء
˵ҲƴǣֱӾתˣһ£Ͳൢˡ
棬ֿıӰ㱼ʱ·صˣСʱ򣬶ԷҲĵġ
ߵһȻ֪ΪΣͻȻתͷһº棬Ȼ㿴˫Ư۾ͷһϽתͷ
Щƽе顭Ѳɣ˾ȻǰĽģ

5
һǺܿ죬ͻ
ȻӡȷʵϲĽ֮ȷʵûеġ
ǰѹûⷽ
˵ˣǰĻԼôҲܶ˼ҵøָ飬˵ˣԼ߱ˣûϲ
һûϣȫûʶСʱ͸ϲкһ棬ҲԼ¡һ棬ΪûбܴԽǸƷڴá
ԸϣҲЩݲġ
ûָǰЩҪԼȻ˶뷨һҲˡ
ȹҲûٷˣǰѾܵǹǱ߻ƣָźǹϻվ飬ӦѾкøУٴˣҲع˼νδͷˡ˵ףҪҲ͵ܺͶڻҵУϾ˼ϲֲϲԷο֮˼øһʵڲʲôǵ顣
֮Ժ󣬼Ŀĵǰˡ
Խ֮ء
ӣвŹﷸ
ҪȥģһﷸС
ŵߵˣǻᱻйģǴӸһʯЩ˾ͱסߡסȻǴͦģʵϣ˫ǸģƽٽҲûʱ佻
һĴҲҾ̫
νģڴЩλ߹ˣҲͬһкߣҲû¡
ܿ죬͵˵طˡ
ۿɼģߵķӸǴıҪòˣõģΣҷҲСݸ߶ҲסһͲ·ȥеһ䷿档
һһθߴݿʵӺһʮ꣬źӾͻˡ
һλӱ¶Цˡ
šͬҲЦҸǴ⣬ǰЩȥժǿ
áӦȵһ£ȫǻңȥϴٹŸմӲʯ·ȫǻңϴһ²С
ʵϣҪĻ˸ʹʹϴ裬ϵĻҳȫϴⲻܣ绹ҪȥɻϴˣȻࡣ
·ϴĶˣãǿûȥ·
յԼ˳ȻλŵԼʣԷһ˹ϴ֣һţˣϸϸĸ𡣺ܿģ˾ϴǰ
󣬾Ϳʼˡ
ڼλӻش֮󣬾һֱڸ鱾ˡ
һ϶ӣҲǹ˳˿ڣȣ¹Ҫƾ٣ҲǺ׵ġ
ҲԼ϶ܿϣǰѧɼͺܲѧϰǲȱģҲܺãܲסѧ徭ʲôģ²ſʼѧġ
ɣҲż
ȷʵǲżģҲгϢڱԽ飬ŴһҲûǡԸҲһǮȷʵǲżġ
Ҫƾ٣ʵ⾳̫ƶˣҲΪ֮ء
ǿǰŵǴ帽ˣ֪Ǵ岢ʲôõط
䣬ʱ̫ɹķţܲ˳һֱ˵ġǰûѼ仹ЩϾСֻ£ھˣ͸ܲסˡ
Ҫ뿪Խȥطõİ취ͨƾٿȥ
ȻˣҲǲֱߣҲûʲô˼ˣȥ֮ʲôأС⣬ȥ棬ûӻ沿Ҳܿĺۼָͻִܵǻʹڼǵĵλǲġ
ƾ˾ٺòˣλС
ǰĿǰ÷
ûָǰƾٵģһֱûжû취˵ǴˣԽŶûǰѧҲ̵ܽˣϡȵȣûѧ˽ЩΧĻ˾ϸ֣Ҫ徭Ͳˡ
ʶֵġ
СΪøɻԼҲ취һı·վͰ͵Ĵȥѧҽ
ҽ˶ǿģԼҲǣ츳ãö֮ѧľǱȴöˣ񸽽ʱȥҪǲΪˣ¾ҲС
ֱǰʱ䣬˳˵ĳ֣ٴʰԼƾٵ뷨

6
ûлָʱͨƾ뿪ط
ڣָǰ֮Ȼ͸ˡ
ݵġǺ͹˳һӡ
ǻָǰǰ˵ݣ֪ģʦ£ڻָǰ˳ʱձŵߣΪ޷ģԼеգɽȥԣû뵽ߵɽͱ𴦵ĲһֱӾ˶ȻҵϴǱߣ˶Է
һȥ֮˫˽Ӵ
ںָ֪ˣ֪ĸˡ
ǰˣ˳ǵӣĸΪı汻ŵ˱ԽͬʱһݣǾⱾǹԷϻλ壬ԭ˳Ĺϵܺã˽һʵۣһ࣬ˡ
ⶼԭľ飬ֻ忴ˣ֮ɻˣͳ׳ǹܵĶ飬ԽԽ
ǹԭദˣҲˡ
һ㣬ķӦҲûкܴ͹˳ĹϵĿǰҪֻǻðˡ˳ҲǱ˼ŵģÿնҪȥʯɻȥںӵȵȡ
֮ʲôѾ͸ʲô
ţǶԷЩֵڱʹӡ
һĸı汻ŵˣʵҲ
˳Լ߻һλʮҲǽˣǹ˳Ļţι˳ţԷҲһġ
Ƕ˺Ӳùܵÿ¸ǷŵǮãȵ죬캮ضû㹻ȡůĶҲ档
ԣźһļϣǽ鿼ƾٵ֪ʶṩһЩĶԣ߿ܵ˿ҵϣҲԹ˳ʵһ㡣
Ҹȡ衣
ȻǿǹܶණʵദĻ˳ΪδܹλĻӣԺҲԸǱȽģ˲ţȻºġһط⣬õϣԷѧϰϣһͨѿδ϶ϳá
˳ȱľڳΪ˵ˡ
һڻʹﳤĻӣҪģǺܼ򵥵ġ
ͬģ˳ֵԸˬʣҲҪǽ飬˫ӭϣҲ͹ĻС
ΪδһܳΪʵһܳΪˣһЩ˸еģΪʱ̫̣ڽģǲ˵ġ
Ҳ̫ȷ֮Ķ֮е£δ͹˳ΣϾƸߴϣʵҲеԣǰδͷλɡ
ҲЦԸ
룬Ҳûٰעŵ棬˳ĸҲҲָҪŶԷʲôȹ˳ܹϻλʱǻкЩءǻѾ֪ĸطȥˡ
ˣԷҪץţҲô۸ġ
ô»Ҫץˣһʱһ˼ҲˣҪһõķӿɾûôˡ
ѽҪѧ֪ʶѧˣվʱҲˣҲҪһЩʱϢҾȻȥˣޱҪЩʱղƳɣӦøϵ֮ǰãʱٸù
ҪʲôҪģҲԸ˵
˳Ҳ͵ѾȫˣЩˡһ·ŵѾôˣ˳ҲǵǸ֪伲Ļӣ֪ЩҪǮġ
̶̵ڣ͵Ѿˡ
˵ſԷҪһЩС˳վЩ˿ڵģҲҪ˵Էе൱˽⣬ȱˣֱ͹
֮䣬ҲûΪ͵Ķ̬ȱø߸ϣˣ˳ԻЩм˹˼ǵġ
һ·͵ſڣԶԶȥ˳Żת
˳ӵĶˣȻҲöţҲųˣʱ˳㣬Щߣһ֮صҰСӣӺαضô
ʼҵĳӣȻ䵽زƾһҰС˵ЩҪûʳ˵Ŀ
ֱ˿ȥ
˳ҡҡͷӹģû˼ҹ̹ÿ˼ҹţһЩҲȻΪӣ˳ĸţĸҵλƽƽĸҲǻʺ
ǵӣռ˸ͷھǵҲûôù
Զĸı䣬˳Ľܻõġ

7
˳ãҲͬˡ
ȻΪĻţҪ˵ıⷽ棬ûжڵģȻҲϺȣôҲǿԼϾ˵ġֻЩظŰ壬ҲΪǾˣеĿ޳Ͳͷĸо
ʵѾʮˣͣŹˣһ֮ССӶãǲܵġ
ֻϲûбֳֻЩšʦļӡ
ȴǲ̫ϲġ
֪ǵݣδ˶ʲôͬǰǵһһƽദⱾԣһִ󲻾ˡ
οʱҪҪǵģˣܵЩѿڵģӦĺˬ죬ûΪˣһЩû뵽Ķﻹǲϲġ
飬ʦ𱾸ùĶģ˵ЩˣÿǷʳҲðãһԾôš
ҪǷھЩõǿڣ˰ˡ
룬Ҳ֪񴦾ģû濪˵ڽѧϾûĽˡ
˳ҲˣȰ޹ҲʱˣȵԺˣʱ仹硣
ҪЩŵȥõġ
𲢲֪ߺЩۣ֪̬벻׽˫ȡ裬Ҫô׽ʲôֻҪԷĽҲˡ
뿪֮ߵԭȵ·ǵ˺ӱѾˣҲ֪ȥ
˼ۣҲˡ
صңкһ˰
šԺѼ£ͳ
ϳ̲ס㶼ôˣ㿼Ǹʲôƾٰ
ǰʱû£ѧҲǻ£ѧѧ£ЩˡϾȻԿƿ²̫˽⣬ҲѶǷǳġ
ЩСѧˣѧʮʮ궼һϣ˵ڶѾôˡ
Щ˵ҽʮߣ˵ĺϰʮһ
߶߶ţʮ߻󰡣Գɻˣܲܿʮɣ˵ⶫɻǮˣҲǣôˣһᵽ׾ûӰˣ˵˭Ը⣬һʶ˻
ߵķףʮ߰˾ͿԳɻˣʮδҲŮӺ͸һʮ߾Ϳ˼ˣ¶º۰Ů˼ңҲԶꡣ
Ҳû٣˫̥ʮһ
ֻǵǺܺã綼ڶķֵģֳļⷢ뺷ɷ˿˾ͺ£Ǽҷ˼ĴĶ࣬һ˼ǲǣġǣ֪ǵϸģǵļϲµҲϡ
۹Ҳߡ
һʱ֮䣬Ҹʵģ治ס
߶˼Ҷǣɴ඼Щˡ
ҲЩˣĶڷֵܵ£ԼǲģƵĵδɣҪҾȳˣ
ϵһۣɣֵܣûһʡĵġ֪Ӻˣ˵
У׵һǵٹȥ˵һ²УȻͷϻ磬ҲˣҵǰѰţ׵¹·˼ҲûͨõʱõĹŮȫˡ
ԽѰ˼Խ
ҲûǷǵõȴԽܺǹ̸ˮˣһˣȻףֻǷһЩĻû׼öǰͻָģҲûˣʱ򣬾Ѿʼˡ
һһ飬һҲһ鲻֪УӦöѾӴöˣԶԷкøУʵ档
ڼȻǰˣҲá
ǼռҲʲô⡣
ʾͬûȥּҸճһܣ̫̫еģСؼҪ֣ʱǲҪˡ
ּҿˣϿ˵һ¾ˣ˫һ¶˵ǡ
ǴСģҲֵ̫󣬰˼ҸˣȻʵûʲô
һ飬дĿˣȵ̫ɽʱʹ˵
վſڣ磬ǻˡ
θߴļ׳һſڣͬ׳žԸ뺷һЩһڣϾʹЦޣʲô
ε߹ȥ
ǼޣͦиСŮСģԣԸ˵ģϴ϶رƤܸµģ˸Ƿ׳ҲСಡԸҲƫɶ¡
츸һǻ΢˿Լеĵطˡ
ʲôӹİⴥУЩȵš
Īǡ
һȻǼ鲢һֽ
츸˵㲻˵ҪƾôһȦЩ鶼Ҫѧģſ֮ĵٸҡģ̫׷ƿΪ⣬һȥ˺װֳ
ܶ˳ȥܵųġ
Ҳ͵´ҶԿƿӣŽ⣬Ŭȥڵغˡ
˵ˣԽôҪ˾͸ˡ
궼ҲٹڿƾٵҲͺˣĿǰҲֻ־ǧģҽμǡҽμеģӽѧҽĴģʱɾǱҽ鿪ʼġ
˵׵̫ˣȱЩءƾٲѧ徭ôС
֪ЩӦҲӣǼȻҲûȥοҪЩӦһЩ⣬˵ҪٵֵȢϱ¡Щ飬˳Ǳ͵ĶҪǮġ
˳Ǳ߻һޱЩҪõģӻûͷء
ﲻֹһӣһ»ô࣬Щ֪Ǻá
츸ûôƵģӸˣԸȻҲǸ˵ģԺЦĵһѰѶڵ϶ն£Сô˵أҲ׵
ٺš
Ҳһ¶Ц
ɭԸĶҲ˹Ƕķյĸ㣬źһԡ
лл硣Ц
꣬չˡ
ɭݶڶķﵱ֣дɭҲһԱһȺֶܣƽֱķֹ¡
һֵܣʲôлġ

8
һһߣѾѷպˡ
ͺǣϽ˳ȥԷˡ
ϣϰҪּ׵¸˵£츸綼ûвͬġ
͸ˡɭ˵
ҳϣûʲôøУȫ嶼֪ǵļƷԸ񣬲¶ˣȫ嶼֪ˣȻϲҲûʲô˵ġϾȻãȷʵԼΨһСرĺãֻôһӣԺˣҾһˡ
ӶãΪɷӦҲᱻݼڵġ
ɵôʵû£ֻ͵ˣδҪǶӸϣôԿĻʲô洦ܻѡǵȻð
һ˵Ͷ֧ˡ
ڶգѰһʱ䣬ڸɻڼ͵ܻʱϾ͹ȥ˵׵ˡ
Ҳûţ׼ȥɽһˣЩҩݻ
С͸ŴϴѧҽҲˣȥɽϣҲ̳ˣ궼ڸͬȥɽҩġܣǲٵķҪͬˣĵҲԼȥˡ
ҲҪһЩҩֲԸĿռõġ
ɽ͵֡վڸߴҲǿͷģľ൱ĸߴдУĿɫŽЩҰɽɽΧ˿֮ġ
һ£Ǽһ
˳·ߣ˵˿ýˣͿһϤϸӰ
һ»عͷ졭㡢Ҫȥɽϲҩ𣿡
ɤĽš
ŶԷԼĿ⣬ɬСЩεĵ԰
񰡡
ĲԶ϶ӡ
šͷֹʹ˵Ǻһ׼Ĳ̣֮ǰ˵ЩۣȻȥˡ
𣺡
ϵδ˺ĸ
Ҳĸĸ
ǻ͵ֶۣеֵ֮СëǼֱھҪİһ꣬ȫǲܵġ
ּҵֵܵУϴȻҲǳĬԣﲻûгģΪӣ̫̫ƫңҲóӺԼġ
֮ȣĸĸ϶ӣǾǵϻţ
Ըųȫ÷
̫̫ӺĸǰһɻӺʹһǿܶɵ㣬϶Ӿȫÿˣⲻûô֣ӾѾĻؼҼ˯ˡ
Ѿڴôˣ֪飬ЩָƵġ
ǣЩͷ۵ĿŽŵǡڰ˵ǵĻ
Ҫ˵ָǰ䣬Եı仯֮һˣܿöǰһĽ顣
ȻҲΪ͵ˣʱᱻ޳ȥΣգƹˤ¶ˡ
˵õδݣöֱʲôɫģʵںĶСڶԷΪεδغ֮ǰ֪ӡķǳá
ھ鿪ʼ󣬶Էڵǿʤ֮⣬֮ǰʮСûһ˿һָժĵط
ôһŬƴˣǰһѹųԾ˿࣬Ҳͷ
žͺܿ
Ҳ˵õĻԷͰ͵ĶоֱƺҲãֺֻ䣺ؼһðɣд𣿡
ҡҡͷȥɻˣȥûȥԷ̾ûˡ
µĳԷһٴ϶ٲ˵ġ
Ǹɻʱ̲׷ŴҲŴ˵˵Ĳá
𾪵öϳ𣿡
ûмǴĻûгԷҲһӣⶫǲܱģָһӲҲŹˡ
ҡͷﲻҸãϳ˵ġ
һ̾ʵҲµõ
ּҵǵ˭ĸãҲǲӦҲԣֻ̫̫һ˹ƾЪˡϵķҲ㲻ʲôּҶַ̫̫ԣǰһ춥ײˣôԱˡ
Լı¨£ȡͷ԰ɡ
ġ
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Լ԰ɣѾԹˣӲ
ŰɡǰŪЩ϶ͲܳԱţڲǾٳԣʲôʱʲôʱԡ
ͷһ˼ҲǶٶٶܳԱģּҡ
𲢲øͷǶġ
ʱһʲôʲô
̧ͷһһƤ԰˼ţŴ·ӵ꣬ޱĿǡ


9
̧ͷȥһЩ롣
ȻһֱΪ䲻𣬵Ҳ˼Ҳ˳ģֻ棬ǲûʲôҲֹסһĸо
ûоʲôֲϲԽҲûо˵ˣ˵ǽҪһȥٴˡҪϴĸ̫˵Ūˣûˡ
һͷǴ˸кְеͷУ㻹ŰɣǻУʲô
پܾˣҲͰͷˡ
¿ȻϲԭǴԽģ棬Ҳʲôɣɵִӱ¨˸Ҫ𣿡
һתˡ
ͬԭͿø磬˼ԭڼҵó裬Ƕԭδͼ
ԭδҲǸʲôöԭĽͰ͵ȥԷȴܣҲûʲô̳ԭļ䣬Ȼ֪ԭȷʵǸƷ˲ϲ
Ϳڻδʱ򣬾ͺܣ˻ԭø硣
뵽øԭļޣиոյĻ棬õ˱ԭˡ
𣺡
촽ˣҪȥһ£
á˵ûʲôý͵ģûʲô¡Ͼˡ
æɣҪȥɽҩˡ
ȵȡס
תͷôˣ
ŵǣһˡôһ𰡣
ЦЦ̫˵û£ԼȥҲԵģҲȥ̫ûġ
ǿķܣԷͬԼȴҲֻԼһˣ˵ļ򵥣ǲҩҲԵеġ
ͼ˽·Ͽ񣬾Ϊ֪·ȥҩıؾ֮·ŲźۼȰŸĸ
ÿ£𶼻ȥһΡ
µʱҲ⼸ˡ
˵ǿɼĴڣСʱ޵ļνӴҺ˵߿Էһ㣬ֻżԶԶڶԷܻᾭĵطֻҪܿԷӰѾˡ
ϴںӱߣں˵ԣѾǾ޴ľϲˡ
ˣȴֻһˣרźкˣϲԼԵ˵˵ӴĶԷһɽ𿴵Լ棬İΣȥһ˲ȴԼɽȥˡ
ûк˵˼һ¾ת뿪ˡ
һĽԼС˵ȫܻӦԷоͦŤġ
ڶЩԼͷˣһñϲӵİĽôǺá
һ뵽ԷĴ˫Ѿ˼ӣֱŪ˺üϸӵ֣ݰͰ͵Σ־öԵõġ
ʵ̫ˡ
ҲóӺãҲǺܺÿġ
ͷ뿪Ӱ룬תͷȥԼ

ߵٶȺܿ죬һͻȻʲôԾͷһһͷš
һЩ죬̽źһֶ壿
̧ͷӦһ
ֹ㸣ߵǰһЦ⿴û뵽ߵô졣
ʵֶרŸҵģ
ֹ㸣ͷɰͰ͵˵С˵һɽȫҾ͸ȥöһЩʱ䣬Ĺ߻ҩ
ֹ㸣ѧЩԵģҲͦԵҲη˵һɽ֮һ͸æ׼ؼùˡ
ֻиͷûôʹ
ĺһ棬Ҳ᲻İΣ
ϸɻﾭڼҲ֪Ծûȥˣˣֹ㸣ӣʵ졣
ܲ³ʲôһʱ֮䶼Щ֪˵ЩʲôˣֶеϻţȻųǻˣ෴˵һĵˡֹ㸣۵СۣΣ𿪿ʵأֻǼҲȫ
ֹ㸣֣ȥȥˣ֮񡣡
ȻʱڲǴҰʱ򣬵Ĵǳŵģ
Ҳ˿ֹ㸣˼ѾˣһƬģܲܿ˻ȥֻܿڵǾ鷳ֶˡ
鷳鷳ֹ㸣æ
һͬ·ֹ㸣Ǹƣô˵Ҳ˵ģһ·ϱҲǻֻʲôʱŻῪڻش
ʵҲ֪Ҫֹ㸣ʲôּҲûʲô˵ġ
˳Ĭţ𿴵ҩݾͶڳװ¨ֹ㸣һ߿ţ˳ע
ڣһ·Ȼûʲô˳˳ĲҩժһЩɽĹӡ
߹㣬ˮҲ棬вĹӣ٣Ҳժȥٺòˡ
ժ꣬ɳĬˡ
ɽ£˳·˰أּҵˡ
ԶԶͿǱһӰĳţԽԽƺǿӰſڿĵĺһ
𣺡
ĸˣСʱۼɽϵҰѴ˸˺üиӶͱˣԶɽҲηĽ
ȥɽϵģһһˡ
Ȼ֪ѧԣһֺü
ûƽ֮ǰǵĵġ
˹ȥ۾ţûʲô°ɣ
ֹ㸣ҲŹˡ
ֹ㸣޶ĵɫ¶Цû£ȥûʲôֻӣժһЩӻ
˵žͰѱҲŵı¨ȡõĹóԼӺͶӡ
֪Ҫڲ˳ԵĻȵؼȥˣõľҪ̫̫Ÿˡ
һôˣǹҲһһʣµĶģԲ꣬ˣܲŻóǷ֡
Ϻˡ
Ϻֹ㸣һӣ̫̫ųѹҷ˽ʱȴҲ˸ȫҶ
˵ŻԼҲҪ뿪ˣллֶ廹ˡ
˵û֮ЦſͿĵæȻȥˡ
ֹ㸣ֹ⡭ӡҪ㻹Ǵȥɣ
ֹ㸣׼ͷզģҲ죬ֻֻеģֻӸ
ҡҡͷˣɽûиҪǰûȥĻһ¾֪ˣ϶ᵣĵġҽҲֶðΣңֻøȫ㲻ʲôֶͺ°ɡ
ʵɽǾѾ˵ˣֹ㸣ʱҲѰռ˱ˣ˵һ֮ͨͬˡ
ͲӼᶨģһǿƣˣҲֻԾռ˱ˣԥĶš
ֹ㸣ϰ춼ﲻ仰˵ҲֻŵŵӦˡ

10
͸ĸǲһģ˵Բͣģ̫̫ܰð̡
ŪĸȴŪ
СŸͣˡ
ôˣʲô𣿡
͵͵һ£ЩŵĲ㲻ˡ
ţ𲻽⡣
һɽǺΣյġ
۾ǿĶǷҪҪһ𰸣һȥġ
ָȻˡ
֪ԼûʲôϵֲʲôѣóȻǰ˵ֻǼΪĲϲġпܣΪƻĴ㣬еģû˻ϲĪ״ˡ
ǣĿԺһ˶ԽΣյĴɽġ
ڿܾһɽȽɣǺΣգܿһСûˡҾǸɻһῴģһȥĻġ
ǿٴظ
ʵϣѾۿתˡ
ĬĿЩأΪ˵ЩΪóӦϲ
˫ɾ۾ôڰ׷Ŀ
գӵϼһʯͷһɽΪһˣǸ
䣬̯֣ԼѾɻҵʯӡ
ֱԼĹģϾȫ嶼֪׼ϷɵܴͬʱȫҲ֪ಡûʲô
ֱһһȽ˵
ܰôֵ䴩ˣͱ˵ʲôҰˡ
һֱŶܸŪˡ
ڴĬϳ˭ҵͷ˭ҵģôֵҪǸ䴩֤ȻҪǼ鷳ֻĬĬĻ˸
𾪵춼ſˣ۾һգһգĿˮոգǰһʯͷŪɻˣ
ûпɣ
һʯӣ±һ¡
Ȼ˵ûô磬ԼɽҲֻΪҿԣǴɽϵĶҶа취ġ
ǡһ˶вˡСŵĵ
Ҳ֪⻰˵еˡ
Ͱˡ
֪ˣҲٸ״ˡ
עһ㣬Ҫɽһֱٽȥ
ʵ˵ʲôȻԼԹһ㣬ҲûҪץŲţʱһǻһȥģ㲻̫ġ
뵥ȥ޷ǾԼĿռʱŶȽϷ㡣
ҲǷǵôδζɽôԶһ·Ҫһ˵˵ȻǸˡ
ֲǶƧˡ
º͵ĸõģ˲䱬죬Ͱ͵ģǡǾͺãҡȹȥˣﻹлء
䣬Ҳ˲ٿķӦֱתͷܡ
ܵķɿ졣
ıӰסЦһ£Ȼת뿪
عԶӰߵʱ˸кһ߰мӵĵͷҲû˵ʲôֱӾˡ
ȥҽϴүӼû˲ڣӦȥ˿ȥˡϴҽӾһϵҽݹԼҩԱЩ󲿷ִ˲ѡϴš
ϴҲϲ˿Ĳڼǳ¡
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ϴԺҩ࣬ضûʲôβĴû˻͵ͷ
Ҷء
ȥѲɵҩݸãɨĨүӰʰһ£ųؼȥˡ
صѾˡ
ͳ֣ȥּң˵ˣ¸ˡ
ͬˣ
ϺһǵȻǲͬˣѾ˵ˣ׮¾޿ܣǱԼ룬ǲƵͷϣôð취׵ġ
ҪҲΪϲ£ȫ嶼֪ȻĻ˵ʲôֵ֮ɡ
˵ĲΪ⣬ȴû˵ôɡ
ֲˣɲ׾ܳģǶһֱ׷һûˣ˭֪Ǽҵ⣬ƽʱϲˣ˶࣬뿴Ц˶ء
뵽ԼĶӶϲ˾͸ͷˡ
˻İϸһͨ
ˣ黹ýϱϿڵ˵Ҫô죿ҿǵҪˡ
ô죿ô죿ڴͷţԺ˵ӣӦòȿڶ˵ЩʲôϹʵڲУ췹˵Щʲô
ȻǱûֹıߵĳԸиģԺԼ޵ĸá
ʵҲǸٺòѡˡ
ɲػҲûʲôԼҲб°СŴϴѧҽϴ򾭳˿ҩѧˡοϺǰҪãûٰĴ˽Ķࡣ
ǶӼ޹ȥԾġ
СϺ޺޵Ӧְϸһ顣
ָ֪֪ô֡
־һͬİϢ֪
лҪ˵
˵һ£ǰָʱ򣬾ѾʼˣҲ˵ʱѾں͹˳Ӵˣкøеʱ𶼻û˵ʮһд֮ǰдõģҺġɽ죬֪ȥ׵ģԻҲóӽ¾˵ģ˵׸Էĸ㣬Ѳȥ㰡ϵӽǣ֪ʱ͹˳Ѿ໥Ľˡ
Աùû㵽ǹһ
֮Ի˵ǰһ㣬ÿ;ùô

11
׵£֪Ҳûٹˣ֮ҲûҲϾ֮ǰʮ꣬ͬû˵Ȼסͬһ壬涼١
Ҳ
ûȥ룬ÿ컨ʱѧϰµľȥϴǰŪҩģŪһЩճձҩĳƷڸðҩֹҩ֣ʱ˵ܵϿҩֱ꣬Ʒ͸ҩһճҩֱþУôרſ
ȽϽʡʱ䣬Ҳÿ˶ҽ
ͬʱƳЧõҩȻǸõģܣҩĵİոܵĸȫˣѾôЩˡ
ȻˣҪĿ껹Ƕƾ٣һûı䣬ϾҪǮĵط࣬˳Ǳ߸ŹʲôûУҪһѶϴ¼ҹ˵ģһͽܣ¾͵ñˣ
ҪǮ١
ΪЩ˵˽£Ҽֵܣ粢ƽЩҲ˼ҼҪⷽĻ˵ˣֲǶԣ֣Ǯûİõóȥ㻨
Ҫҵ
ҪоˣҲԸһǼҲڴǰͷģЩļҾõǾòˣҲСˣҲΪˡ
죬ͬһڽӽʱγˡ
Ҫȥҹ˳ͽ
ߣŵķˣһ綼ʱ˻ϢһͶͬҲϢʱ䣬һֱڶһ硣
ΪĹ߱ȽϺãʱŵ˳ֻҪ£΢һŪˣһ˵ȥġ
һΣԶԶĿǸǰδɣں͹˳վһ𣬲ܿҲͷֿˡ
ȵߵǱߵʱѾһ·뿪ˡ
Ķ˳뿪Ӱ˻΢Щ˼Ц£˰
š򵥵Ӧһ£Ҳ뿪Ǳ߿һ£˼кøУ
ӽǴĽǶдģܶдҲҪǴƩ֪ڼ˳ĵһͶԶԷкøС
Ҳ˳ܲģӢ˧ֳʼңСֵطʿСط˲ͬҲֵֻһˣž֪˾Բ򵥣ߣаȫС
οԷڴ˾֪ݣŵĻӡ
һ˿ܾüɻ䣬ڴԽ˵ݷĺע⣬֪ǰǵĻӣյ˻λˡ
Եģ˳ӽǣڿʼȽƫ壬д˳ŶԲе䣬ʵϺһǳ޿ħˡ
Ͼǽģڼұ˳ţ͹˳һҲͬǱ˳ţͬʱҲû㱾µģܿͻʳ֮·ȫ¸·
Ȼ֮ǰɹԸĺּҷ˼ң۰Ͱ͵Ŀּڷɡ
˶ŲʺԹޣһֱͼ鷳
ʱΪ͹˳ǵԹҲһ£ĵûٸдǲδɣ̫ЩСദʮ꣬ûϲ϶ԷҲ̸ΪһĻԼɹġ
οҲԭ
˳̹ϵҲ̸ֺøУҲ΢е㡣ʵ⣬ֱ̫۵ģʵúԣ˳Ҳشˡ
Ѿദˣֻ֪㵽˵Щˡ
˵ŻոǸСЦһҸ⣬ƺûа㷳գһ֪ǱȫϸĺǻųġҲһͼ˵ദĸ۰ѵСҲܺãԸĸİأͬ۸ĸ
˳ĸţʱڻʹܾҲ͸Ŀ顣
ôˣˣȻỹʵһһ۰ֻǿҸˣ̲סЩۣҪԷԶô򵥿ȥ
Ǿһ⣬ע
˵̲סһ䣺˭ͣӦҲ˸ü˵ĵز˰ɣ
ԥһ£ǵҵǰδɣСʱҵﶩõĻԼѾȡˣֻǻû˵¡
йԼ£Ҳסȫ嶼ּҵ֣˳ҪǺӴ֪
οҲȷʵûʲôġ
˳סˣȻ˼δǰ̸кøС
˵ǰδɡ
ǲǲŽá
æ͵ҲǸ˼ҾǾԸ񻹲Ҳż棬ûô˵
֣ûϵⲻҪѾˣϲҲû¡
Ҫܹڰ֮󣬲ΪǶԷδ͸ˡ
̾˿ӦѰһܽˡ
һţݣѱϵı¨£ժһЩˣ⡣
˳л
ʵҲֲˣʱϾ٣һҲô졣ǵÿҲᷢʳǣ˵̫ͻǴһЩ
ҲʲôģʵҪԸ⻨ǮڴҲһܶࡣ
ϾҲȱԵġ
Ȼ˳Ҳû̫ӣʡǵʡ
ˣ˳Ͳˣ׷ϣ͹˵ϵˡ
ǽ̵ĲˣҲˡ
֪ǲԣҲûųԷԸȥˣѾ÷ˡ
ҵʱѾˣǴϲرԶȻķ̫ãһ˵綼ѡؼҳԷΪϵ൱ĺáǵǶķˣұÿ綼ϻԷ
ˣ˹ȥȥءϼЦ˵
ƤЦģôᣬôóԵģҵȻøϽˡ
ʱ˰򣬽͸ˡ
ζЩ̲ˣٵİѲ϶ˣҲͬһֱڳ͵Աһֱ
˳ȥԷˡһߴ͵ԵӣһҲ̲סЦ
ת˲ϾͰڵˣŪպˮ⣬Ȼ⣬ҲŪУһϾͿˡ
ʱȫֵڿϵ
ЦͣǿԣʣĻţϿųԡ
ãüֱûбҸˡ

12
һ˳Եʱ򣬸ֳˡ
̫̫ˣɤǸĴ
ϵ̬һݣɿļЩԼԣȥڸʲô
˵ͶŲͣſߡ
ⷽ棬ǱмȤġ
ܿ죬ϾͽԼҷӵǽڣּǱ߿ּҵǰûи߸ߵԺǽģʲô¾ſƽݣֺܷ㡣
ֶһ
ϣ
ʵ˲¶ܲµĵּҪ󲿷ԭһìˣΪ̫̫ˡСϴҺһìܡ
ϴּҵĵλǺĸȣҲˡ
Ͼǳӣպ̫̫Ҫϡ
һ̶ϣ̫̫Ҳ˼һϴ
ʱռռϴϣִɩҲ
һΣ
һεҲûкܳ⣬ԭΪϱ˫ϴĻƸּҹĻԭϱŵģϱӼ޽ʼʲôɲá
ÿֵҪӡ
ҪôĲóԣû죬˺ζˣȫҶûѷãҪôǲ
Ȼæɡ
ϱ̫̫ݣЩо̫̫һֻ۱һֻۣȫҸһĻ˭ѳԵģΪ˵Ĺȥϱһ
ôŵģһٸһʱ䡣
ǰҲΪˡ
һأɻʱӾ·ĸɣ˻æɨϱ̨ոҲһֱ̨ţһٷͻء
һʮ˳극ˣϴˡ
ϱžһ˦ȥƬȻվʱ֣˵ˡ
Ҳûϴˡ
ۿһʲôԼϣﵱȻǲݵģӼˣֶӱܸɻôҲ֪ģǾҪһϱ˿ڡ
ϾװˣȻ˳Ϣ£ĳ
Ҳû
ϱȻӦˣҲܲ˳ۣڼҵ£˰ϴһңǶǴĬϵģҲӣԺ󣬾һֱƽЩ
ŴΰѼֵĳµģ˶ʲôöϲҲ͹ˡ
ϱǿ֮ˣҲǺǵģͰ˻ȥ˵ﲻ֪ʱ¶ٺöȵȡ
⻰ʵû׼˵ˣƩϴϱϣʱ򣬾ʱŪһЩԼĶӳԣԼҲһЩ״Ŵҡ⻰˵ǾʹС֮ˡ
ĸЩ
˵ˣ̫̫Ҳŵģһϱʱ̫̫ҲǸһģʱʱͻϢĳڳſڶš
ĲУּҾֳˡ
Сϱǳ̫̫Ҳץײһ˵
֪ôģ˵˷ּ£̫̫ʱͰĲС
һûأҪּңֲТ˳ģʱ򣬾͸ðֱ
ϣ϶ƽʱôǸģ
̫̫һ˫ŭĿԼĶӶϱ
ֹ㸣ȻŵĲУҪˣûûУǴûҪּңСҲֻ˵һ°ˣǹġ
̫̫ŭҪǰ˵ôּ֪ʣ
ֹ㸣ֻ֪ҡͷǱ׾ģҲ벻ô͡
ּ飬СʱԼҸģΪʲôȻΪ⵱ĸڼ̫ˣҪǷֿĻǾ̫ˡ
ǹţӦǴӴġ
ŵǸģ̫̫ҲˣּӦò϶ǵ뷨ôһ룬Ҳ˳һЩˡ
һ˵⻰Ϊ϶Ĵء
ôŵҲ뻹ǲ룬ּ飬ֻҪҺǵû붼롣
Цţ㣬һСˣҪ޳ȥߥŸĸҪּңС󣬶ֵüＦȮֶײ治Т
ҵģȥ峤϶ҵҪһСߥ޸ĸּҵǸʲô
ּҿɲǼС£ɷĸڲּң⵱û˵һﱲ¡
˵ˣ¶Ҳ⡣
ǽǵ̾һС鷳ˣ̫̫òץᣬ׷Źġ
Ҳ΢
ּ϶Ӻڴжͬģּҵһ֧󲿷ֶԡ
ң̬ȶ൱ġ
أּҵҪǿ˿ӣɲô˵ġ
Ҫƹ򲢲ףοʱ
ǰļ䣬ȻЩĵ£ۿ㣬Ҳ
δԷӵ
ּǱߣϱ⻰ʱǰһõģϾȥ
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飬ȫ⣬ҿ϶ûбƬֻ֣Ҹڲɻˡ
Ҫջ֮£˵Ƿּңõ˵Ķˣʵڲǹݡ
ȥС˵
ϰֳǸ̾Ҹ̫ˣûз
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ֹ㸣ҲŹڵϣ档
СҲŵһͬڵϿ
Źڵϵĸĸ͵ܵܣ۾ˣǿҵĲӿҲֻϵ£Ҳ˵ϡ
ͷŵµ
һ˱ͷʹ޵Ĳ״ûϧϳûȾܡ
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ϿǱߣҲۿģôܱ˸ѹأ뵽̰۸ˣˬˣްȥһˡ
תͷһӻڣСȴѾˡ
δ˵Ļһͣɻأ
ǵͶİ
ɭŷѾˣҴүȥˡ
үүүֵͬܣͬʱҲ峤
ɭĵûСôϲµӰ
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ܿ߰ɡ
ȫܿĹһҵģǻϡ档
ŷŵĵͷҲ㲻е£Ѿȥ˾С
Ҫȥ峤ǰ˵ȷʵȥȴȥҪõĶ֮࣬ԽдޣΪ岻ãȥļˣܲˡѾȥˣȻá
Դ֮ǰްŸ峤֮Զ׼ģ峤޾ϲ˲٣ʱͶ
û£峤ҵˣҳͬǼ£һ˼Ҫ׽١
һϱ峤ͼλ߹ˣܱ߻һȺֵĴ񣬴һּ߳ˣһ·Сšϼ״룬ҲŶȥˣ뿴ϷҪһЩ
Ҳ˹ȥ
峤һȺ˵ּǰ
Ǿ㶼ͲСˣͷףҲˣźصķΣһվʱһεѹȣûٸҽˡ̫̫Ҳ֮ǰģ˸ӹԼվһԡ
ΪһˣɫϣüƣԵøⲻ飬峤ʵǷʲô£
̫̫һˣһТĵģŰ˵һ飺ǰϲĸϽһˣ꺬İѼӴȢϱޣϲľûôˡ
̫̫ʵ˵ˣӵļ
˵ģҲȷʵҪ֪ΪˣΪǱ۸һ̫̫ˡ
ʱ̫̫޵˶һ˶Էôжɺޣֻðһ̫̫Ƶֵزȷʵܲԡ
峤һüˣú˵
̫̫һĳĬĬˡ
Ҳ˵˵
̧ͷſҪάͲţʲô˵
ֹ㸣Ҳһӡ
գԼ˿ڣͿ޻ˣһСڵϣֱᶨּڱƼ˲һ˵ġ
˵һ½£Ťˡˡͷ۲ȵ鲻٣ֻҪһɻһʧˣֻǿƺû˿ڣʶҪһ°ˡ
ϾȻǳԼĵ˭вء
˵˫޺۾ٴᣬ¶ӣɱ̫̫װģΪʵġ

13
ҺǼҵĴڼεģҶҲתĿ죬۸ʲô˵
ôʮ꣬ҲûеõκεأһҪôף߰ˤһأ̲Żһģһٷܽβǲ׵ˣô࣬һû飬ոջﾭڳ͵ԣ͵ö
ӣôܸɳ£
˵š
źάԼĻһԿ޵
ʵּ֪ҵЩ£ֻеĵطûôϸ
ĻҲŹƾôµġ
Ѿͷ˵ҵʱͦͻܸɵ𣿡
Ҿ󷹣޹Ȼ׶ˡ
ˣû˭ɵģʲô˼ҶװʲôɲãΪ˼ʧ붫̫̫Ͳ¡
ӣŴҽڲɻҲû˼ġ
ϾǱġ
ϣöԳʵдҶˣΪ˶ŸͷֻһӶ۸Լ˹ֵַ֮Ķȥˡ
ЩŰִЩȴĿš
ּҶִһﶼģôֱ˵ϣҲû˾ʲôԣⲻǱѹĺˡ
ȻˣҪǸʽ̫̫Ļ뷨Ҫˡ
˿֣࣬ͬתصһ㣺Ϊʵ̫Ҳһʱʧ˵Ҫּңֻǲһңʹ󲮴ﻹүү̷ֿ
ҲֻǱƼ˲˵һ䣬Ҫֵġ
ּ飬ʵڴСʱܾˣҲûͷּҵˣ֪ǼҲһǵҪסһġ
Сʱĸ֮󣬾ͱϺݺݵѵһ٣Ȼûˡ
ҲףԼԸǺѴɵģϾǶôۻҪ˭ɡ
ּ֮󣬿Ҳûа취ôĶԹļˡ
׹ףܹǻһ˿ġ
ںϳܵʱһʹ˳
峤Ϻʹô˶ˣȻҲ͸˿ڣǼӳɹּҵĻȻ˿ãҲνǺȻû˻֧뷨෴һеĻȴľԲʲôõĽ
ȻôˣȴҪúõĻš
صĸıԼ˵ǡ
ȴǲӦģӵǷǳģȻƾǺó͵ˣҲڼôã˵֮ģһ֪ʲô˼
ɤŴһڣеעϣ˵Щ𣿡
ֻּңȫ˭֪㣬СͼǼҪǿʤʲôͲ˵ǰˣʱ㶼̳˰ɣ⣬㻹˼˵Լүү̷ּңֳֻȥ
ѴҶɵӣЩʲô˭ӺĶҪγѪˣװĴȻء
ȷʵǼģ壬ĸСӲأ

ϾǺͬһͥģҲ༸£ȴһһڵ¡С;󣬿ƽˣҪȡ
ʵˣֻܰһжĵļȴǸǿˡ
ʮͣҲûôǿٿƣżǻ̲סѿڶһЩҲ޷ȫڸԼļʡЩȻͬҲǿģҲ޷ϵģʵϣֱڣǼġ
ϱЩļһ˻ѿڶּһ֪ƽʱ϶ûĥЩɣ̫̫ǹϵ˵ЩǼٴзֱ档
һ˵ķֱˣҶں˽˵ţﻰ⣬˵ĻȽͬ
ʱ򣬴ֶƽôʮǶôֵˣһǶٵѹȡ
һֶع鵽ԭ㣬һӱˣһСȻԼҪּҡ
ˡ峤һѣ˽˴巢ʲô飬㹻ǿλ㹻ߵˣǲ̫һЩϸСķѡ峤˵Ҫּ¾ˡ
ȫɹҲԴʲô̫Ӱ죬˵˵޹ؽҪ
˵ˣҲֻܸѣʵ㲻ʲô֮١
ʹˣС»ŭ
峤һڣеͶͣˡ
ȿϣ˿¶һ
ϱϵıʱûˣЩεĵⲻ˵һӱҪּҵҲûʲô˵İɡ
峤ΪϵĿ
˵߶ϣҿɻûˣһ־ΪҪӱϴŷģۼѾɵأֻڰİָϲŵĲȡ
Ȼûгϵģѹûʲô˿ڣ
Ŀ֮£ʽĳԾƤϣҲЩŲסˡ
ҲΣҲû˵ʲô
峤ôѾˣ˵ּҵȻܲԣôЩǼζԴһģҲĿá
˱Ƶ̶ֳˣҪּҲ޿ɺǡ
峤ɲϲؽţ峤ƫѽ
û˵꣬㱻峤ŵ˻ȥٿˡ
峤һСҲСˣϾ͸˼ˣ˼ң˵ЩʵҲûʲô̫áʲôʱּҺԴҴȥż֮ģڴͲܡ
Ϊּұûʲôּ֮ҲܵҪأõĳ
ϸһ룬ΪҲǸĸˣȻα
룬ҲȷʵôʱһìܣΪĸί
峤ɨһ۴ɫͻȻغֹ㸣֣㡣
ǣǡֹ㸣ŵĿ峤
Ҫּң
롣ֹ㸣æ
Ҳʵֹ㸣һӶûʲôҪּˣҲ֪Լպô
ܵģǺ뿪ּҵġ
ڼֻҪɻͺˣһеȻ˵㣬Ҳܹġ
Ϻֹ㸣뷨Ҳ࣬ȻȰ˵£Ҳּҿܻãûеһ
š峤˵ͷȻҲôȥˡ
Ȼ³Ϊȴ˵ֻҲǲԣͷãԸ⣿
ʹͷû뵽龹Ȼô򵥾͹ȥˣԸ⡣
峤ֿ̫̫ϣΣ
̫̫ϱݣԭԵģϱе
ʱ峤Ҳ͵ͷ峤˵ǡ
ʵһ̫̫ͨЩĹ֣̫ƽƣ峤Ϲж˳ڣʵ϶ЩˣЩĻŵġ
ҲռȷʵŸġ
ֵط峤ȨǼģ˶ųҹٸһˣͻᱻӣԽ˳ӣˣһܻˡ
ؼǣ̫̫ǱԽˣط⣬ּŽԼˡǼҵǱֱ͢ǨԾģΪ취޸˵ˡ
̫̫ķ峤ҲûλôģһأҲǺõģҲ

14
˶֮峤Ҳ뿪ˣ˵Ҳ˼ҵļ£ȻҲּҶ϶һѹȣʵϣ˵Ҳǲͣĸɻˡ
ûΣգҲΥĵز
϶ԼĸԸģЩҲûҪֵܵز
ѾˣҲûʲô˼ˣǶ峤ϵ뿪һˡ
Ҳͬˣýע⵽
һһ߸п϶ӣ˲֪˵ʲôˣҲˡ
ҺǿҪ޳ȥˣʱҲñּңֻǿ̫ŵ̬ȣɲһԸҸ˼ҡ
϶ԼԸҲˣԼҲֻܸһ𡣡
ɻܵأҲһĴ
Ҳ̾ĸĸĳһ˵ǿǵù
Ͷ̥Ķˡ
Цһ£˵ʲôء
ˣô峤ȥðǹȲ÷ˡ
ܵиͷɣȻ̫̫ôưոݣȥӦòһֱţҵȻȥ
ҲԣһҲôһСּұͲ̫ãû˵ҲУ㵽ʱЩȥּҿ϶ģǵҲǣѹͲԼӡ
ʱҪǰѷּҵȫԼϣ˵Լһֱֵģһʱ˵ͲôˣּҺһСּҿȫһ
ǲϺֹ㸣ǹģ趨ۺӣºΪĺּҷּˣۿּܵĴ£һӾͷ¸ˡ
ԸĸҲȫûйԼҸ෴СԼҸܡ
ǼӶǷɣȫӶĲãҲǾҵҵĸɻ
ԸĸҪ룬еС
͸ոյ飬룬ǿԵĻֹ㸣ϵȻԸһжԼϣǻ˵ϣ̫̫Ҳңоǣǹһʱ벻ɡ
ϣ
Ǻпܡ
ǼҺּù˽ŵʱ򣬻Ǳڵĵ㻹ȥʲôû峤𣿻Ͻġ
ȻСȰ˵ˡ
ϵĲһͣתͷʵ˵ҪǰȢô
סˡ
ʲôչ
ø簡
йԼΪ˱ӣһҲ˼ɡ
Ϊø磬ݲźءͿô
ԴӺ֮ԼԹĿԽԽ۸ˣͲˬˡ
һ˵ͻȻ;ƺ治ҲǸúӣɻ¶ڿ죬ȻȷʵǼ˵˾òУǲСûˣǸǿǼѪеģۺ͹ˡ
Ҳ˵Լûڱ˵ˡ
˵˻ͦõģÿμҲòĴкûʲô⡣
ȼ޵ǼʲôˣҲۺ˵ˣȻôˡ
ڸһģӵҲԽԽˣҽѧҲȷʵǸõĳ׶Ǻҽ˻ԼҪԷҸʲôˡ
һֱϲǼӹģһ뵽ЩҪ
ͺܽ
ΣȷʵҲЩøаɣܣһӦҲջǻĽ֡˼Ҷɲôģʲôܱȣ˼ҲޣôΪ顣
ɲֻĽˣЩѹȣȫⲻֶεȥ
ڽӴ˸֮󣬸ӵķḻ֪ⷽʶ
ҡҡͷ˰ɣ綼ûˣһС˵ЩЩ̫ˡ
ȻϵעתƵϣһ䣬Żعͷ˵ҲҪȥͷȽӴſɣҪǺʵĻͶĲϲҲǿ㣬һǺõġ
ܱӣȫӴЩҪá
ۿСĶӶѾ˿Գ׵ˣĵľǸθϱ
Լ׶ô˵ˣҲִͷӦá
Ȼ˵ͷŵȥùˣþ͸ȥˡ
ǱߵʱһڣСкҲߵģĵ˵Щʲôˣͣ
̧ͷվ㡭ôˣ
֮ǰһУϻ̫̫ԽԹˣҪǣôڴ֮ͥ¹ſǳܳɡ
֪𲻿ܿǾãøԶˡ
߽ЩСкԹԵĽһ硣
ԡЦǵԴǴǣòóԡ
ϴģǼҾиСʳ
˵㲻ʲôǶּǺģЩãĿ⿴Լĸ磬ԥһ£˵ͷ°ɡ
СʱĵЦǣòĵл
ǵͻСûܵȵĴݲУȥǰۣͦɰ
ŵܵܵĿҲͣǿĵӣָлһΡ
лߵ˸˵峤˵ֻ˵˵ѣ㲻Ҫȥ⼸ǲߵķϢͿˡ
öţ澭ǹŵģҲõ˽
һ㶣峤˵𣿡ʱ濪ŵȷʵ˵ȴûиڱæ
Ϊֻ峤СŰˡ
⻰ЩýӣûдһȻϣԷΪĺãӵϲˣϲԽֻǸ˺ˡڵȥġ
ЩʧĴ۾ҧ촽ʵ᲻һСȻ˵ּ飬ܴ治
⵹ᡣЦǶô۸ˣôС
һͨһС䲻󣬹ӦǾĶġ
οʵǺܶԵģǶǺܵôߵˣȥôЩֻ䱾ѹեǣ㿴ǺԵӣʮǰɻõ㡣ûǸô࣬˼Ҳܣǵòһ˿ء
ҵĻҲĸˡ
ҪǺ̫ϲ
ĵȫТ˵ʲôʲô
һЦˣƺе˲١

15
Ϊ˫ſϣ֮ķΧǺѺõġ
֪ԼڴܲǺܺãȻк֪ܶͬ˵ǶԵģںܶ˿ηΪԼȡľٶԵЩԹСˡ
ϾֻһС
ܶ˶ԸȢôڵϱ
֪֪ԼӡҲģպãΪԼ͵ʵҲÿζôֵģܹȵĹӣ˭ءֻҼӦҲ˵һЩеʱ̫ˣҲŻҲֿҲˣһ£ҴҲˣһҪͱ˹ƽһ¡
Ͼƫģֻ̫ƫˣͲˡ
ͬĵ˵ͷ
˵꣬ЩεĿ𣺡˵ʵǣǰ˵ЩǲЩ̫ã
ô˵ûôá
֪ȻСͶ»ԼĶ󣬵ʵϣ𲢲ϲδɡ
ҲǸӣȫ嶼û˸ȢҲ˰˱ùС͸ף˦Ҳ˦˭ֱ̫ˡ
ͲһЩᵽֱӺԼˡ
ּԹޣôܸ޸Լϲˡ
˵ţʵȻЩԸɻǵ֮ӦûһЩɣ˵Щɡ
Ͼôʱǳˣ岻ûػӦҲԸȥɵģ˵ǵġ
Ȼʮ궼ûôɹӦòʲôɡ
֮Ÿּϵ飬Ҷ֪ģôNɪˣҫȻš
ͷó˵˵
Ȼֻһϡ
ôô͸оЩֵֹģԥһ£˵ҺѾԼˡ
۾Ȼ۾ض𣺡ո˵ʲô
ҪǿҵŪЩڣ飬æذԼһ£ҡֻЩ𾪣ôͽԼأ
һ˵ֻҪ˻£ûзʲôĻǲܻġ
˫ͥ˵Ƕ̫õģҽԼĻһСģ˫ͻø˲ࡣ
ʵǷʲôɣҼǵǺϲġ
ǸòԼ˵İɣϾûⷽķѵײͬ⣬˫ڽţ
ô˵Ҳܶԡ
֮ǰ˵˫ͥڽٰ£һֱϲͷ̲Ҳ
ͬĻʵ֮ǰǱŵһӾֹܣֻҵõܣϵֲãûбץУҾ˵ȥҲŵģҾûи߹ˡ
Ҫ׵Ļ۲һ£ǹϵٺãҲܷҪȢһֵĸȥġ
һ֡
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Ҳû˵ΪʲôףüһѾɰѹˣɲĺʲôŵʲôܵľֹ
ǿģ͹˳ദǽжȵģδ˻֮ǰֶûֻ϶ԶԷкøУϲľǹ˳ˣ
ʵǻûпͱӾֹܣ˫룬ֻò̫Ծоƺ齵ˣӣƺͦкøС
ԭ׼ٹ۲һʱ䣬ȻŻû뵽ȻѾˣ
˿ֱ̼죬ŽѾӷˡ
𿪿ڵˣ׵¾ģֻ˫ûɸô⹫¡
˫۳֪Ŀ
𣺡
ֻü˵̫Ҳܻԡ
Ļһ±ˣŭôܻúõģߵĻ̫ãˣ϶ܹĳþáġ
һͻȻ˵ζ
ȻЦſڵû£ЩҲûϣСˣҲûʲô
Цݣܣ岻µģûʲôõĴԺҪȥǣ˵ǱߵĴˣһκġ
̲סգܸоˡ
ϵʱŷ²Ӧġ
ɫҲһ¾סˣȻһӱ죬Ųҿ
æջأ۾ҲȻĿһС£ö˫γ۾
ܵһĿתĶء
𣺡
Ҳܿ췢æ˻ֵһȥ⿴ʲôء
ҲٶȥˣεĿڵҾȻȥˣϵʱͷ˵⼸춼øͷ
СӦá
Ͻˡ
ʵ֮ԻѾ׵˵ȻΪ˵Ҫ޸ˡһֱ֪Ļͻǻоˮм֮ףֻܳˡ
˵ˣͲΪǺҪף̲סȥ¡
ϾϲĻΪ˲ΪȢ˶е񣬶顭İɣ
ڣȻȥ˼СֱԼΪˡ
һһİС˵ٶǼΪģ˵ϲˣⲻǻϽ
һ·첽˼ңϼӻ˳һ䣺ôðɣ
ءһͷԼӣҪ˵ĵʲôûз
ʱĹȥȥҲû˵ѷ͸Ͻˡ
ȵҹʱ򣬴һ
ּҴֵҲˣǱҲԽԽˣƺûҪͣЪ˼
Ҳˡ
ڴϣĶƺ˼ҲȥּǱߣҲȥˡһѾˣҲ˯ˣɴҲˡ
Ҳ˯ţҲԺ
ҹģǱôˣʵ
éˡ
ΪǰǼҲͶϤһЩƺҲǽе
𲻿˼ĵéˣ
šӦһóЦ
˵Ҳ̫С˰ɡ
ҲһһֱǱأӲ˵Ƶġ
Ĭһ˲аɣҲʵڴпܡ

16
ּһңϱϰҹéȴé棬ͷǷ㡣
éӺԵֱýһӵȥԼҲ
ϡϡķ㣬۾ȫһʱҲҳһſǷˮֱӽȥˡ
֪һ뵽ֳУϵжôߡ
ҹģҶ˯죬Ҳû˷ȥˣû취ֻͬĨĨµķˮĨȥżгּҵ˶ˡһУⲻþЩˮȥˣ͸ˡ
ڳ֮ǰҲӹñȽϺõģڵɷҲ˫֮ż޹ģȼ޵֮ɷͬǸ˼黫ģֳݣҲ˼ʮˣδܹίʱȫܲˡ
ּҵéԱߣ̫̫ȵǷˮĶϱ첻Ǹ˼
̫ˡ
һһֵķô
˹ϱˣæ
ҲϽȥˮԼװָ΢ϴɾˡ
ŭأһ˫۵ɵϴ󣬿϶֮󣬱ȥһץסϵ죺ǲɵģ˵ǲɵģ
һľ֣ã㡭˵ʲô
ֹ㸣ҲϽһЩҪϵָȡ߶߶Ų̫елú˵ú˵ôǣ
ϴ󣬵ٴҲȲֹ㸣һɿĺӣοֹ㸣ͱһ˻ҪһЩһ־ͱˡ
ֹ㸣ϻţҲ¾ͱ˺üӡϡ
ּҵˣϴӾͲ˵ˣȫǿϷ̬ȣͲԼϱúõĳһڶԼϱһҲõé϶ģǰȥֹ㸣Ūһȥֻϧֹ㸣챿챿˵㣬ʵҲûԼϱĳ̶ȡ
һվǣ͵ˣģȵùѹͶ
Ҳ͵ʱүҲˣԺһƬʵʲô
ϴе϶ҵĳҹʱûע⣬ֱһӰƵé棬㿴ӣʲôȥˣ
˵ʵеĿˡ
Ӳʲôû֮飬ýֺͷ붼֪¿϶ڴᴫ÷зģЩӵȵȣ˭ҲЦ
һϲҫˣҪء
ֱȽϺӣһ뵽Ǹ棬Ӿ˵Ĳˡ
ϻæıûУõģҲ֪Ҹողġ
ûУѲҸûУϺ޺޵˵
Ȼ֪¿ģӣô飬ǻͲһˣǸС񾭳Ǵź⣬ҲܾԸɵĳ
ԷŹߣȻûжģҲϸһ
ӰÿζҪɷһӡ
û֤ݣûȷɵģʱͻСԼҲȷһСҲҸ顣űɷҲǱ߷ߡ
ǸСģѹץߣòץ߷ţͱ˸ţ¸ֵȫ嶼֪ˣʱӦ󣬲һ㣬Ҫǿˡ
ɿɵģѹ
Ҳ̫ˣҶñ϶ڵˣһˣαطҪΪһֶӡ
ʱ򣬺ܳһʱڣ϶ࡣ
ϺȷԼǱһѲŵéģҲ֪˶˭ôոŪȥã϶ӹڵϿģҪ̫ˡ
ֻԷЩ̫ļˡ
ո֮ȥץϣǺݼڣҪˣһҵģҲý
үӶվˣָʱѾˣûˣȥ峤йҵҪҪˣҪûǾԲưոݵġ
Ӧ£֪ԼҵǼƷҲ֪ԵǼ۰ģôҪӵˣƵ϶ù
ﲻ֪ж˻˵һѾ˲˿ˡ
жϣΪӣ϶վԼһߵġ
Ҵҵ峤ߡ
˽ˣ϶ˣҲЩ˿ˣҲסɴҲȥϴͶģҪ֪жݶ
ǺţͿչ󣬻˭ҸȢôȥ
վĬĬᣬֹ㸣ҲĬŲ֪ô졣
Χ۵⵽ô£̫̫Ҳ˵һ飬Ĵĳȡ
˵ֻͦȤġ
½½и˹ˣǰڵվһ߸˵ŵ׷ʲôһ˵˫һ߻Ž
ϵȻҲЩ˵档
൱ԼҪƲסЦݡ
ڼ˻Ҳˣֵģȫ嶼ˣҲ뿴ô¡

ò˵ʵЩĵġ
ϿɲʲôˣȻھҪ˵С£˵׾ǲɻ͵˽̫̫ĺôǶּҶ˵ǿǳʮĴݲС
䶼ʱĳ̶
֮ܵ£ּҷּ֮һֱ˳ϣΪ⣬͵ֱ׳ּҴ󷿶ûʲôΪͥԿģûʲôڶ֮£ԽԽ
ôҲһ˼Ұ
֪Ǻͬġ
峤ܿ͹ˣ˺ò˯һͱ峤ҲǺܺãʲô֮󣬵ͷʾһߵˣȥðйʡ
á˿ٵ뿪ˡ
һ˶ڵš
һ˴Źˡ
һںѹѹ˵УѸٵĲ׽˵ߣеĵ֮΢ɲһ£Ϊ鷳¶ˬҲһЩ
վ棬Ȼһ¾ͿϵģЦģסˣȫ˶ּ֪Ҷ֮СʱҲ̫Цġ
ֱʵ峤ôˣ
峤é˵Ƶġ
ЩȣЩˣ﷣ģôܹˣ
ʵò˯ȥҲˣ˱Ҳ֪ߡ
ϻһ˿ء
˵ˣۼéôСĶôôܵȥ
պޣػ˵ֵϾԵĺãɷ򾭳ЩԵĸô񻡣Ҳڵֵĳ̶ȡ
ּרŵéģ߷ƽתͷǶССӣҲ̫ܵȥ˵һˡ
峤ɫ΢һЩ͵ǼҵéȥģҹʱΪéˣԾéӱϣһӵȥˡ
˵
˵Ǵһֺ̰ԼСĵȥƤһ˵ҸƵģﾡãԼùҲñ˺ù
Ϸŭں˵ʲô˵ŲƵģ
ͲƵġԴǵķ
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Ҳ룬˼Сж಻á
춼Ѿ˼СŪȥãڻŹֱ̫ݶˣûֺݶŮˣ
ֱ̫ˡ

17
ҿϵ۹ⶼˣҲɵȻ֪Ҷ˵ЩʲôϽΪǱȥġ
Ҫôˣǿ϶ǲеģֻñ˳ԿĵбԿġ
ȷʵңĻ˭
峤ϵ飬ƺҲǼٵģȻֽµûʲôӡ󣬵Ϊ峤ð»Ҫµģʵϸ˵һ£ϵʲô
ûʲôط©ˡ
ϻţҪéޣۣéһʱҲҾųϣ˭Ҳû뵽ͻȻһӾһ˳һѣֱӰƵé档
ۡ峤૵˵һ£Ȼ̫̫Ϊʲôۣ
̫̫˵ϴЩΪ̫ûжȣ֮󣬰ҹܲˡ
š峤ͷƺûʲôԣǰҲһˮĶͻ𣿡
Ҳһûʲôġ̫̫ش
峤ȻĻǲ֪ŵõˣǽûʲôһֱŵ𣿡
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⵹Ҳȷʵȷʵеı˵ģڴԵãҲڴҹéưɡܱⷿߵھӣҲӡ
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ĵģǻûз棬ǷĶҲпܵġ
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Ҳ֪ѾǸС׵飬ں֮ܵ峤ҰҲ˵һ飬ֻûо˵ΪʲôԹ׵ģ峤Ҳûµ¡Ϊ׾ͰʹˣϾܹ˺Ļ£˵Ҳ׬ˡ
ʲôö˼Ҳġ
ôһУϿɲ⣬˲֪֮飬Լˣڱ˵ƵĻ֪֮һֱöԷȻûϰ׵Ļ˻ȥֱ̲ˣǿй˵Ҫˡ
İܹ飬֪϶൱ġ
ҵӣ൱Т˳ˣϿɲҿ϶ûаЩ˵ԼĶ
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ϴĹĵĵۣҶ˵ûˣ⻰ǸʲôΪͶӵҩǰû˭ЩҪǲŵĻȥٿ͵ˡ
վڲԶ۾֪֮ĹϵģõҩҲײˡ
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˵İҪ˼ָ췢ģģһôôģžǿ˼Т˳Բ˵ֻг˼Ҹĸġ
ǲЩʱ˵˻ǱȽϼɻЩģ˵𣿡
ҡҡͷûûп˼С˵ȫµģ˵ĻֱӾ˵ˣһҲԸѸĸֵĶһǷҷģץ﷿ǲڱָʹġ
ϵʱ˵߰ģҽӲ磬ֵĶ󰡣ץĻжģɥˣҪҳϣǿ½ּҾҪˣȻǻ˵ӣſ϶ɵġ
飬ǲָʹʵҲøϳȥġ
ϵȫϵ˵ʵģֻȥԼ£Ȼˡ
˵궣ŵѬߵҩǧʹˡ
áӦˡ
ʵϣֵط߳Ϻܶ࣬ҼһЩҩģȻ׾Сϲ˵Ҳûϵġ
ϣӦҲٸɲ¡
һأѾǼˡ

18
ֵĴɢˣּȴûȫƽϢ
Ϊ峤ǹ׶ˣҲûа취ˣҲ룬ǲ˳۵˶֡ϾǰҫҲ飬治١
ֱУпܡ
ݺݵĶ϶ɵĶԲԣ
Ц£ҪǷҪĻǾɡ
һ㶣ʲôظ
Ҫ˵ǳϰɣҲпܣϾǸЦݾͦкģ˵治Ҳԣǹϵôڻ㣬ЦԿƲסЦҲǺġ
˵תҪԼˣϴҹһѵĸ峤ɴ಻ȥˣֱ˯£̫̫Ҳöӷʲô
ڳвϵ⣬ûȤ¶ԼֻӷĿܡ
ҹģˡ
οڳˬˣȷʵᣬϰϵ˵ȥҲţȻּҵ˻᲻žͲһˣϵɷͿ϶վǱߵģ̫̫Ҳпܡ
ϾֻһĿǰڼ־޷˵ܹƾһ֮ı䣬ûҪԼ鷳
ۿˣϵȻþÿĲּҶҲǲ˳۵ģֱû˵ɩվǶûҪϴϽȥһЩˮ
ŶŶԵľҪϵķԸ
ҪͿԼСǵĮ۾ϵĽŲһ١
ûֱԼȥˡ
֮ǰҲܵҲûпԼһۣŸˡ
϶ʱ˵ʲôܣһġ
ʱȻҲҪʱӵõʹǸʱʵҲǿοģΪ֪ĸӶģɷҲһֱĬĬܺõġ
ʵþɵҲûʲôģǰڼҲǸϰ˵ģææµµһЩҲʵ
ڣƺؽÿʼﶼһˡ
ĮģǲôҲνˣӣҲͬˡ
Ҳûۡ
СôأΪǵĸģΪܵܣҲΪԼôˣϾٲʹҲ֪Թ
һΣƺһԹлŹػ
еǳĻ̿֡
һӾͿ˳ֹ㸣ļ磬żʵôˣ
Ϻޣ
ϣ
ͷ˵ոˮ޵ĸҪƵģ
ⳡˮվûȥա
ܵ׵Ŀȫ޶ԡ
һߣ͸һˮϴ˺ü飬ӶϴС˴Ȧá
ˣйɷˮζ
ֵģʮֲˡ
룬˵Ҫڳȥһɡ
ţͣĶʵ㷢ʲô𣿡
Ҳ̫ȷҾãʶģ˵Ǵõʲô̴ҹͻȻӣǼĻʵҲһ׼ȷ
ϣ˽ʶ
ԡ֮ǰһǱɽϿʱͷȻʱȥͷѾ˷ȥˡ
ʱ̫̫ûģãΣֻһʮĺӣִûأοȥõ飬ײһЩ
ﻹǸоЩεģͲ̫̫̫̫һǼΪ谮ģܿʹӦ
û뵽ȥʱ򣬲ŷѾͷˡ
ЩʱȻŭۣȻ͹ˣø磬̫Ҫˡ˼ܹͷˣҲ֪нӴġ
ϾȻ˼׵Ƶͷϡ
̴Ĺһжǵ⣬ҵװˡ
ûаЩԼı˵ֻôˣȻȥ˯ɣЩԼᴦġ
á
һҹȥڶһ磬Ӿʹ̫̫ȥˡ
磬ȼԷʱ򣬾£ּҵģʦĽأ֪ȥϻܲʲô
ȥˣ
ԡϳŷ컹ûأˡ
üͷʵϸ˵ȷʵɣ̫̫ͰҹӣϾ͵éϲôȷʵһҹأȻ˼Ҳҹҹɺ϶ˣͲһֻɺˡ
̫̫ʦҲ֪ϴǲûʲô
Ͼһҵķﶼģһֱѹȵľ϶ˡ
һϴڣҲûܣΣҲǻá
һӾͱסˣҪʲôǿ¾Ͳֹǹôˡ
£극ϴˣԺ￴飬ּˣͳȥˣһ¨ҪȥιԶԶĸΧû˲Ÿȥ̻һ͵ȥˣӦȥ嵽û⡣
ţһ¾ͷӦ˼ˣϵ£𣿡
ҲɻҲûذǰ϶һ֪˿ôȴ˵
ж˽һ
뵽һܣѲʲôԣ
ʲôʲôĿģպøļƻײһ˰ɣ
ǿɾͲ̫ˡ
æϵûûУûа֪̾ʲôûʲôĻǾˣ½ʲô
ЦЦһƬĴȻҵȻûʲôˣȻȷʵҼҸг𣬵ʵܶ࣬ҪЦҲ٣û׼ĸպϣһˡ
ҿһСе顣
ȻܺãҲĵ֪˵滰Ҳ⴫
ĸСԼǰӡĻ£ǲҪ¶ǰΪá
Ͼ˭ԸԼߴŵģһ˼ˡ
׼һ춼ƵԼˡ
ﰵŹˣȴûб¶ǾͺãȥæɣҾͻȥˡ
죬˵˵ֲ֪˵ʲôֻ۰Ͱ͵Ŀ뿪ˡ
ʵּҵȷʵģǸܳʳˣ΢һҪӣǻСʱˣҲһΡǵճУʵҲٻԿζģҲڸ¥㷺ʹãǴ嶼ûЩӶء
쿴ûʱ֪ˡ
żҲȥҹɵĺãǸɻķ⣬󲮸ûһЩ
棬
̫̫岻̫ܳʳϲԣǿⰡ̫̫ǿѵӣү֮⣬ƳԵľˡ
ȻˣҲٺˡ
ҹ£Ǿٳˣϰ̲ˣÿÿҪȺܶˮҹҪҹΣֻŪõ̲˰ˡ
ϲ֪ҪʲôŪ̲˷Ҳʲô⡣
һоͶ˳ˣòżľ˼׵ӣܵܵ£ǽϳȻغáʵҲȷܲУֻǻѵãԣҲ뷢йһԼеǿû뵽ĳɹˡ
ͻȥʱ͸ˣпͷҪܵקˣֱӾͻȥˡ
ûκκۼ
˲ġ
̵£ܴóǸˣõǽɲȥġ

ʱȥϼ̫̫ӾͺˣȥʱˣʱɾûôˣһӾͱ˲µȥϸʲôˡ
˲䣬۷׷ס
ּǲϴҽ
Ҫ˵ϴҽϵĴöˡ
ǲ֪峤ȥ̫̫ϻأǿŮȻ˼ҡ
Ҹòַ˰ɣǰǶõ˰еʲô͹ȥϼҫԼĸигϢԺŮϣƵ
ȷʵпܰЩƺûһʱ˰
òǳʲô˰ɣ
ַ˲źأ˸ģϾɵģ˼ҰɵӣɶȥַãҲˣɲʲôõġ
˵Сƺûǰôˣ


19
ЩԶǾʹӶԷ˽ӣҲЩ˵Щʲô
ŭˣΣ˼ûǰ˵ܴȥɣ˵ˣôӣʲô᲻Ǿˡ
һȥϣʲôûҲֻˡ
ϵéӵ£ʵڲ鲻ʲôԼ϶ȷʵҲֻܾôˡôֻܰԼŭϵЩ죬Ҳ֪ǲǳԴʲôҩҲڿʼҪܾҪ
Ȼ˵ôųᶨܹЩȥ
ǹǶԷҪһٶñϸӵѻˣʱʱıֵָɣ
Ϻֹ㸣Ǹ͵ˣЩǵĶʮˣЩǶˣǻûг׵ʱǸڼҲִοϻûָյҳ֮⣬Ҳʲôﵹûʲôѹ
ÿ̫̫ǵʱϺֹ㸣ǻֵ̿ģԱȣ˾Ƶпģһ
һʱԸԽıꡣ
ɷ̲סȰҲˣȫ嶼ڿǵЦء
ǰҲˣǼĻ»ûиأҲСˣѾ˸˵ʱˡȻǴŲǱ˵˾˵ģȻǾԼҵĸܹõģ¿һõء
ߣǿԲں󣬱ϾҺ۸õĶǿɲΪ⵱ĸģѺӵԵסˡ
ֺγ֪Щο˵Ƕͺˡ
ʲôȻȻͶȻⲻܡ
˵˵ô˵ģۿˣ
ǻм١ϵۿϴοʱͷȿʱ򣬲ŸӣûҪһҲǿһ˵ƽʱֲϤʲô˵ġ
㿴ƽʱ˵˵ͷͷǵҲԼɳֲҪ顣
üͷ˼Ƭ̣Ȼ˵ӦòˣǿųģȻϲӦҲɲƾǿ̫ˣԲ֮ͬ£ͷҲڣ˼Ҳڵ
˵
һҲһĺǿˣܾһЩù£ܾܿġ
ÿÿԹ޵һңҲ֪˾ʲôҲǺпܵġ
˭֪ϲˣҪܹ𣬲ܹõһҾδ򣬻ѹ˵Ӧһٻ㲻ˡ
ȻҲϵģ֮廹һЩһٷҲúе
Ӧô죿ЩǣȻһҪ޸𣬵̥ɲܶˡ
ò˵ܹҵĺ˼̫ˣԩͷֱǷëǡ
ҲżǾţֳͶһһɻʱһ㣬Ǿˡ
ܻܲƤӵºϻ
ǰԼûнĻʵѹôڿɲˣû˻ԼԼָᱻˡ
ϾͷСɲࡣ
ϵ˵ͷá
˵ЩͻȻʶһ飬˵ʱôûȥأ
ⶼˡ
˵Ҫıһ£Ҳһӱôɡ
֮ǰûоȥʱ򣬻ʹʱĻشǣΪϲȥܷıһ¡
ӸտʼҲôһҲͦãû뵽ⶼЩûȥˡ
ǸҪ֣Ҳòŵزɡ
Ҳ˵òǺì˰ɣ˵С׵¸˵ˡ
ĥţҵʱʡ
ɱһӰ׵˵ܲҪҪģ취ͺˣҶЩúŪġ
Сϸһ뷨
ּҵҲ֪ϣҲû¹Щ
Һּǲһġ
ԽһƬؽ磬ͱĵطһˣǨƹˣ˵ûʲô⣬⣬Ҳǻҵģο£ͺ峤ұˡҪֵĹˣּҺпֱӻᱻϳȥ
̵ģҺˡ
ȻʵϣҺǵģҲϺˣǶĺݵˡ
ʱҲҪæôãҲɹˡ
ϳԷʱͰѶóˣҺʦһƳֹѪҩ㿴
ֹѪҩ츸ùСƿӿ˿οľһ¡
šֹѪٶȷǳ죬ĿǰееֹѪҩЧܺãȥԡ
˵Ҳû̫࣬ҲûԼСǸŵԾû̫£츸ӦţҪлԡĲ˵ϴСӵҽǻŵģһҽûʲô󲡣оϵĴҽá
ҲûЧⶫһԾܿ
뿪ҩ꣬һֿ϶ǲģֹѪҩҩģĿǶԵľӣ͢ľפǲԶϴ򶼾ᱻӪȥæҩǿֱӽӵģֺöӶ϶
ȣˡ
ҩЧҪѰȻֱӺ;Ǳ߶ԽӣĽҲʶλЧֹѪҩЧǳãĻҪԽԽȥ;ӶԽӣŽĵطһҶ첻ȥ
ҲῴҶЦ
Ծ͸ɴཻ£ʱҲ㡣
ҲĳɹĨȥˣʱҲֻǷһ϶ǲɱģͬʱһĵλҲߡ
߸Žĸԣ÷һֳȥʵҲǲС
ûҪʲô׸֮ģֻҪ㣬һӺꡢϻǸˣʱҩԼ˵ЩĴͷ
Ŀǰ˵Ѿ˺üҩĳƷˣθðġ̵ġ˵ġصġģճõһЩҩƷҩϴ̵ģԸģ֮ĺôҩõĸӦϸ΢ˡ
ռЩֲҩģܰעУЧƺҪá
ͬʱϴҲЩ棬ṩ˲ٵİ
лҪ˵
һֱ룬ϵܵĻǲǸرþһﶼˣرʺġĿǰûдݶľ

20
ڶ죬ȲĻʱ䣬츸רŻһˡ
ЩҵԼСӣҵǸҩ
𿴹ȥԼ׼ɫʵôѾˣ
š츸ͷպˣҾͰֹѪҩóһ£ÿһЧû뵽Чôãȫϡ
ͬʱҲҵ˸֪ˡ
ʱǻھӸҲǱ뺷ǿ׳ֹͣѪҩĳ֣жҪȻǲԶġ
츸ͻˣһΪԼСеһ棬ҲҪһ໥һ½顣ȻǸӵĹϵ츸ֺϵԸһ£עظԵѡ
Ҳµ˸׵˼ҵ뷨ǣֹѪҩӣҲҪˣĹͨˣȥźˣǼ۸Ҳ̫ߣĶνԼŰͺˡ
Ȼ֪Ŀǰߵľӣпĳλӵˡ
ףЩǱʿ൱кøеġ
Һ;ǱߵĹϵҲһֱ໥άźƽ
츸Ӧʣµľòˡ
𻹺͸˵һ£ԼҪϻ߸ǿһҩ뷨֮ǰδʽڼ˵£ϾҩƷûзȿ˵ˣδЩ̫ˡ
츸ǲԣܹɹĻǵһܷ飬ʱҽҩôͨˣҩҲɡԭĹ滮УСͶȥϴѧҽҲΪöѧһű£Ժ԰
ҽҲġ
ܷԭ뷨
ֻǣĻ㲻ٿƾٿˣ
ҡҡͷȻǡ
һ׼ƿģҩһȤʹȻѧô꣬ܲʲôãһ棬ʱҲܹҩæһҾͿסȥҲһЩ
ϺȣȻϵΪĺһЩ
ǵĻҪһ㡣
ֻҲûãЩҪȫһģԼǶԣͿλ˼ˡ
츸ĥһ£оҲԣ˶ҪߵģǼҲ⣬ֻԭʱ򣬼Ҳû㹻ȶȥҲ̤ʵһмصҪţô׾뿪ġ
ڼȻСӵҽãҩȥæҲܹһЩһҲýЩ
Уһһ¡츸ʱҷӵ£ҺӦܰźá
ǰҲ̫£ҩڣȻͷˡ
šͷ
ʱĴҲҪԷģ츸𵥶ˣȵ˷ϵʱְ򵥵һ£Լúĥһ£ȵϣʲô
ɭȻЩȣݿܵܣЦеʵܣô
һжǸҪĶû뵽һӣ·𳤴˲١
ɭҲǸ˵Ŀ
˿ĶЩ˼ˣҶѧʮˣЩҲ
Ҳ²ģȥæĻ᲻᲻̫ãֲҪǸ˳ԳɲˡҪҩֵ֧ģȥ˼ҩĻЩˡ
ġ͵ʵͳҲûмҩʱ򲻻ֱ֣ѵһʱ䣬˽һ֪ⷽʶҾճмһЩСǷ纮ЩʱÿһҩƷƵĸ֢״ҶϸµдЩҩǳԴҲʲô⣬ֻҪûҶܸȻ
仰˵ĺе
ڣȷʵգעܵҩŪЧҩҲ׼Уġ
ҩ˵ȷʵ٣ֵĲҲͦԶִҩǲһġ
ϿĶӣǶ̲סЦݣԼĶ˵б£ȻǸ˵Ľ
ָ˵һԼŪЩҩȷʵȷ˾øӣԼȥæе׶ˡ
ʱһȸһ𿴵ģԺ󣬾Ϳȫ
ҲһֱҩأвȷֱҾǡ
ϳ׷ˣĥţʱɵúúѧǡ
Ըȥʵ»ϾѾˣ츸ǱߴֹѪҩ˵չͦ˳ģһ߱ŶӸĶһҲ׼ʰˡ
ͬʱûȥּҴһ׵£Ҫٲ¸Һɣҿɾֱ˵˰
ǼҶҪ뿪ˣɲܻβ󲻵ġ
ЦӯӯĴӦίҪ˵ûõͬ⣬ֻܺİ˳ȥعͷˡ˭֪ҪᵽȥˣСҽãʱҪȥϿҽݡ
ϴҲǸģֹЩԸͽܵ£Ȼ˵ѧĺãԷͣҲû̫¡
ϾǺõĴ򣬶ͲСġ
гϢҲеĵȰ
û뵽ھܿҽˡ
صݣİĶһӣɴϵʵǸʲôأ
㻹ɵȥǸϽ׵¸ߴͷһָþȫҰᵽȥˣʱǵô죿
ڴﻹƣʱ˶ûˣȥư
˵ʲôһˡ
û˵˼һҶҪᵽȥˣҪȥҽݡҲǸո˵ġ
ڴԵãЩĳţһֱû
һ뵽ոǵӣϾȥӻ˲źá
ģǲţôôСܿҽݣʱŪ°ɣ
˵أϵ룬Ҳ㹻˽ˣϣб£Ҳ㿪ҽݵġ
˵ǿҽݵӶԼأȻû˵٣ӣƲ١
һƨ˹ȥ㵹ǿ취Ҫô죿
룬롣˵
ʼҲû߶ˣҪ峤ǱߣϾһˣʱûһʱҲи·ҪȥŰȥ
ܿ죬Ҳʹȫ嶼֪ˡ
һЩޱ·֮Ķ֮ǰ˵Ҫ˳ǵģȻҪˣˡøĶҪġ
챻ϴŵȥ˿һʱҲûʱ䵽˳Ǳȥպó
Ҫߵ£ҲҪ˵һ²С
·ϵʱ򣬿ǰһʱ䣬еԤ֮еĸоվǰЩǵԼָ۾ֱĿоɤӸɬΣŷЩС˵һҶҪȥˣ
ͷš

21
Ȼ֪ϢǴõ϶Ĵ𰸣˲׹ߣܵ
۾˲ͷ˺졣
ͷգգۣﷺڶ˼ջǾǿ̧ͷѡԼ⣺һ£Ҫ㡣
ϲôãİ˴֪֮ҲûмĻˡ
ʵϲһڵ΢ˣȻּҵӹòãλҲ͵ģһɾ󾢣ǱʯͷѹŵСݣƴҪţôŬĻӦܹһԸıɡ
ǾҲӲԼܹһ
ŻԼǾöԷ̫ˡԱȫҳŵҲδй΢ԼȶԷһΣǰӲԼ϶Է
һֱãֵøõġ
浽һٵʱŷ֣ûʲô䲻ϵģֻεקסԷöԷĿԶͣϡ
ЩµҪ˵Щʲôˣ֪ΪΣеš
˵ţϲ㣬һֱϲ㣬ûжôһøУ֪Ҫ뿪ˣҡ
˵һʱƲסЩʣֱӵһЩ˵
ǿŰԼĸ˵˳ҺѹΪֻҪÿܹԶԶĿ㣬֪ĴڣѾܹܿˣڣѹĿҪˡ
˵ֱ꣬ӿ˳
޵Ҳȫͣ
վǰʹ޵ˣ˺ܶ࣬ûлָǰ֮ǰûϲκˣֻǶǿԸȽкøСɷϣڻָ䣬֪о֮עһĲԾϣעһС
ţ̲ס¿ûӰ
֪ԷˮǿаӴ֮Ȼ֣ԭϲ
ģֻΪδǰ;ΪǺ
ÿһΣվǰֱӰȫʿ۽üҶԾ͸ɬİ⡣
ָ˶룬ԼǶкøеģȻ˵֪ӴǱǸŵʵ𣿡
ţã̧ͷ޵ϡﻩ۾ӯ⣬֪ͻȻʲôǲ˵ǻش˵ʲôӡ
£ڴܶ˵Уء
ϾǱ߹ǵˣдˣҶǸ˼ݣֻҪôһ֪ˣܿȫҲ֪ˡ
ԡ˵֮ǰҪ飬ҵǸߵĻŽ̵ġ֪ģϾܹעĶҲ
Ҫҩ֮꣬ȥϣӦҲͲѧˣԭȥԿƾٿԵģҲûʲô˼
ͷʾԼЩ̫֪ΪʲôͻȻ˵Щ
ãߣЩ⣬ԭھһʼʱεһԺɻڴƬˣ֪ͨƾٿԲеĺİôڿԷƺʲô֪ӡ
ѡ½֮ìܣҪҲͲΣ˫Ե׷
ڳٵİ޸պ󣬿ͻһɹɼҸ룿ʱѹָô죿Ǹ״ҪŬȥõˣ·ϣߵЩˡ
˵ʵͦģԼˣһӶȥѹһϡ
ҪģʱһԹ£նǸܹ󵽵ʱܹж⡣
ֻܰЩ˵Ȼ׼ȥƾˣֻһӣֻܾܾһҩϣȲϻӵݸ߹
ѻ˵ˣ˳˵Ǳˣͻʵ۱Ͼӣû׼һ»ȥˣʱֱӾһɳ죬̵𣿡
۾ԽԽЩζ
˵˵ģԭ׼ϵˮֶΣȥڹ˳ϣζӣ֪˵ʲôǺá
ȴϲõ˵˼ǣϲң
찡ǿǹ
ԭֻţҲôһĺøУеĻƴҲҪȥܲлᡣ
ڣ󱯴ϲҲˣ
£ҲٱˣҲ˵ͷһЩøС
ǣ֮Ҳ⡣
ո˵ЩԣȻóʲô˼
ȷʵҲʵڵģȷʵǿƾνġи֮˵ͷյȫ˵ĳ谮Ǵˣȴʲôøɣÿ˯̫ɹƿ˶һ¡һүƢżָʹǶ
Ƣ󣬶ǲµģ̫̫ѹȥˣҲĲ鲻ԸģЩԸжͱҲ
ҪǲȥĻ̫̫һֻˣһЩƢ켸ʾ̫̫Ϊٴ
ûкǲ±ģ˭᲻أȻֻȥˡ
ֲԸеȻͺܲϲˣҲϲ
Ļ£ϲҲ͹ˣοֹʹ±ϾС£ĸĸѹء
ǶһϵİݣôˣĺͲôƮƮľʧˡ
ڳ޵ʱֻһֱԼˣҲͼ̫̫İݵԺôô죬ûʵҲܷ𣿺˵˺Լ뷨͸ᶨˡ
ϲµȻʹˣżΪ˵ɿ˳ۡ
Ҫѹ뱲ƾԼ˫֣ƾԼŬıֻԡ˵˸ãѾִ
ȻⲻָͿ˳˼һˣԼԵĻȻҲҪ͹ذ˳ָֻˡ
˵ֻƾźͻӵĹϵӵиԣһȫϵһϣôǿ
أҲǺõˣ˼һԺҪȢһˣôĺù
̾ؼڣ͹˳మİԷģпܡҲб£ƾһʳɹּҲӺù
ȻãҲŬЩԽʱĶܹܵġ
һѹԼˣôƷ԰ܻʮҡͷһ䣬б˶Ľ޵ˣǱȫҳţ˺෴ԼȴԽǣᶨ𽥴ƣֲ࣬һܹܵġ
ֻҪһ룬̲סΪۣ룬ܽӴУҲ͹˳δܻܴˣǣ޸κˣǸϣӵаɡ
˵̡
룬ǶӦøԷһѡĻᡣ

22
ʵˣҲ㹻õȥϲһӴأ
һ˵Խܵüͷ
ֲ̫̫ôĶأ
ǱǸŵĻȻʶԶԶҲһΣһûʲôͷԵˣˣĶã
ӦҲоˣʱӸı˲٣ֳĻϲҲˡ
ЩĮ˽֮⣬ҲûбģԼĸĸϲ̫̫ҲҪرģδҲȷʵ˺ܺõġ
ʳܹǮѷּҺּӹĺģȫ˶Ľǡ
й˳ŵĻܹػسãҲһԭ
˵ĺƶòԣϾǸŵĻӽӴܶ࣬û׼֪֮ءϵı飬֪²ôģִܹš
ǰλϣҲôĵ⡣
˫ĶԱԽԡ
δķչ̾˿ˣɡ
ֻǣӦȷʵЩϲ㣬һУ뷨Ҳܹ⣬Ҫһôǵδܾ;ϣͻһҸ֣ɱ˳谮š
пܣߵλá
㻹Ը޸ܹܵǷ𣿡
ֹסҪشľٶ㲻ڻشңһҰϻкЩ죬롣
ɫ֪ԼҪǻشĻԷҲȥֻܵͷӦá
Ǽȸ˵ģϲ
ܹ޸ֻһ֮ң
˵ЩҲ֪˵ʲôˣЩεָָԷ۾С㡢۾һ˿ˣá
СЩԣǲ̫õġ
֪ȻԸǿܹ˵ҲûȫЩ
ҲգӺҲ۾֮ǰ޵̫ˣܹԼʲôӡ
ֳĬһһʱ֮ջˣҲ֪˵ʲôǺˣֻܿĿİĵ𣺡ǡҾˣһҪȥǱ߰Ѷͳȥ
áĶ죬ȥɡ
ֱ뿪ߣŸо
һ·ߵ˹˳סĵطΪǿ׼ʱģ㣬˳ڣĶ˳æӹһЩ⼸ôûй
˵ָʦһܵط˿ˡ
˳˵ͷӦһⲢǵһˣ𰸣˳Ҳûио⡣
õģб¨ﱳŵĶȫ£Ź˳ѶˣſڵιҪ˵һġ
ʲô°˳Щ̫ףסĵطǱĲҲԶǵ˼ǽģԹ˳֪Ҫᵽȥס顣
˵һҹȥӿܾҪᵽȥˡ
˳һ£ûչ㲻׼ƾٿ𣿡
֪ԽƬ򣬻˲Ǻٵġ
һĵطûУҲһܹͨͥϵģҲϾеġ
ǵûС׼һ߿ҽݣһ߼ѧϰҵǱ߻ҵ
˳ͷϢ˵ԲǺϢ
Ȩ̫ˣǰھǵʱΪԭûʲôŵ֮󣬸ֻȫԼˡ
ļƻУҲһҪϾǣվڳ֮Ϊ˵ǱԽˣⷽģⱾһʱǰƲ壬ǳ͢ԱԽӲͷǿС
ϣһ֮صġ
οҲóоԵ֡
ϣϣ
ڣǻûн㹻ϵҪ뿪ˣƾ٣ֽƶĵһݶ飬ڲһˡԭû̶٣ڽ̵ʱżӣ鲻Ը˳֪ӦҲġ
ԭںϣҲûˡ
οôණЩԼͻģǳǷˡ
ʱ˳Ҳ˵ʲôˣֻܴ󷽵˵Ǿףһ˳ˣҪв⣬ҲԻҲǶ׵ڰˣѧʺܲġ
áûоܾʱʲô£ֱҽҾͺãʵҲԶ
û͹˳ֱַϾ˼ҺôҲпպλģʱûЩ
͹˳ĿǰȷʵҲûʲôìܣö˶˵ģܲΪԷӴѾ׵ǰδɾֵĲɿɡ
ͦõģ˫һطպĽʻԽԽ٣ϵȻҲԶˡ
ں͹˳̸֮뿪ˡ
ʶôĿһŲ֪Ҳ⡣
صУϻææĿŵʱҪЩʲôǼˣⶫĿŶҪߣȻϵĻҪ»æ˼춼û׼ġ
Ҳȥæ
ϿڵѡطȥҪǺʾͶٿϾǸѡҽݣģȻҲҪοһ¶ӵ
Сɴ
֪綼ǿ׵ģȻ˵ѡˣǹƾͲˣȥ߸ȥҲá
ڶһ磬ΪϺҲҪȥϣһˣѵõĴһš
˷ͳˡ
˿Ľѣһ֪ȥѡӵģԺɾͰᵽסˡ
ĸǺ϶УǸҲ࣬ǾǴ壬ȷʵЩԶˡ͵նϸɻԸϣҲѡˡ
Ҳͬ⡣
һ̫ҲУȥǿϷչҲﵣǡ
֮˵˿Ҳ治١
Խûô࣬ͨ͢ϵǨ˹Ҳϱ˿ҲԽԽ࣬һȥֵͦġ
綼ͿģԽҲûˣǻҪȥķǱ߿ӡ츸˼ϱӿӵģ֮ǰ˿ţȥҽݡ
츸ʳԶ֣㲻ǻҪĽˣǽҲȥѡط΢Ҳ㰲ЩΧҲ̵̡ȵȣϲȱˡ
ֻûЩĽ
˸ˣڴʱ鶼ܰҪǻӵĵط治˵ЦĿ޵ϸģѡĵط治Ҿ֪½׼ġ
츸˼Ŀһ£úÿҪǲϲһطҲҪһЩ
ֻöӦøϲߣԲȴˡ
ˣʡ·ȥˡ

23
ҽݣһȥ߻ͦģһĴӣԱ߻иСӡ
滹һŽȥ
ĴԲ˵ʱǽϰһŹӣÿԷЩҩˡڱϵСӣţԸһ£Ūһ鷿ƽʱд֡
ôǰ棬вصģҲø˿￪ҩ
׼ģҲ
ִӺǵŽȥǸСԺӡ
ҽݾǰ⣬Ϣĵط
СԺʲôȱסҾ䣬䶼УԺлһˮ˵ٷ㲻ˡ
ôطȷʵǲҪסһڵĻ΢Щˣʶʲô
ȻطϢʱͿסߣһԷҲʡ߷صˣҪ˿ҽҲˡҲСˣպˣ߾ÿԸСס
һסĵطѡһӣȰҽѡˣȥǱߡ
֮ǰҲ֪Ҫ׷ӣҽݺסլû뵽Ȼ׼ôõģ滹СԺӺˮضΣ۸ɲͰ
ɵǴͶ硭
⵹ˣأʲôû
츸һ֣ǣҪбԼǵҲ֧һЩҽҲģùǡҲЩˡ
˵˵ҩҲû
ͺ͵˵ˣЩӲظڵþͺˣǮҪΪüӹĸãԼҲûʲô˼
ο岻ãСõģλҲʵԼȫңȻȫҲûҪ˼
ѾˣҲû˵ʲôţԺҽǮˣȻĸˣҲȸ˭ˡ
ҽⶼ˸飬ȫ˶ͦ⣬ʱôˣȻһҵסլˡ
˳һף˵ȥסլ
סլҽûаرһξ룬ҽݣ߿ضԾͨĵطˡǽһӣһҷǰ˴ǽȥ׷һңأ˶࣬סʡ
Լ۸ҲЩһֱȥ
츸ĸʱǲûпǹҪȫ򷿣ʵϣΪʱĸĸҲûҪķּң٣Ҳõӣˣпܻῼ顣
򵥶ĿСͥҽݣһΪǵطǡɺʣǮһҲΪСӡ
ǰΪ׵ԭѾĬˣСӽҪϵģԶСסȥǵǽá
ȻҲһ츸ϿûھСӵˣסլ棬Ҳסķġ츸ţҽǱߵķӣƽʱסǵȵϣþСһ
ȵպ˶ˣìܣסȥ
סլһţһķԺӣܱΧǽΧţԺɸɾģҲûʲôʯʯ֮Ķ忴ȥЩˣڶǺõģסȫûġ
Ȼ̧ͷȥ㷿ӡ
ţϲ㷿Ĵ򿪣ǲһЩƬŵķܣ𻹴δסķӣһʱЩ档
첽ߵȥ˵˶¥Ȼ˶¥Ĵ̽ͷ¿о治
ߵҰҲܺãⷿӵβˣԱ߻һӣȥɽˮ̵ģ泩ЩϲڷһֲŵȥһۣסլѡǾͲ˵ġ
ÿ
¥Ҳ˿գסҲͶˣЦĺϲ£죬츸ͶԷż۸̸£֮󣬾һȥŸ顣˵ú͵˭˭һ˵»ǶҪȥõģϾطҲǳ͢ˡ
һʯͷҲˡ
飬Цġ
˷Ҳû̻ȥⷿѾܾûסˣҲЩҳҪٴɨһ£һ˸һ죬ǰطɨĲˡ֮۵òУ壬ûлָȫ
Ͽ߶߶֪һЪһǲָ۲ˡ
̯ڵϴԼѧҽģԼġ
ʵϲʲôΣա
ûͷǳܰɣЩϵĺˣȻȻ쬵ģ׷ա
ԼҲǸɵһؽ磬û취춼ȵĲУ⵽µǺЩˡ
áҲЪ
žЩĨɨ£ɸһ죬ǻɲˣҲᱳ۵ģ˸ɴҲ£ֽһ̯ʱ̹˲١
ʱҲ°ˡ
˺ѾĲˣ͸ЩβĻһƵߡ
ҪϺ߲죬һһ˵˵ЦЦģҲ
ǻȥ˿ⲻҲҪ䣺ǰѷˣ
ǰЩʵʱǾͻҷӣڿϲӣѲŪˣ
ԡϸ˵ĵȥѷӶˣٹһ£Ϳˡ
ǰĲУſȥȵ涨ˣϷЩˣ˵ҪᣬǻҪȼ죬·ţҪѸ޲װ޵ĵطŪһ£Ūסȥ
ҽǱߣҲҪɨŪһЩ֮ġ
ǻصǸһۡ
ͶЩעⲻ˻ˣΪ˶ˣЩ춼װģĸɻġϻʹ˵Ļ
ʱҲɲˣæȥ
һԵĿûȥ
ּҳģҲʹȻӣи֮ˣʵҲû׼Ϊ︣ˡϺӻ첻ߵӣûļ˸Ȣġ
ҲΪһģϵãֺúŪŶ¡
һԸ׺󣬸ϺϣǴŵҲĺ£˼ңǿȢҲĸﶼȢȥġ
£ռˡ
ûˣȴϣĲ˵ҽݻһסķӣⶼǸСĿɼ˼Ҽҵ׻еģԺᵽϣǾˣµظɻȫǲһˡ
ϺϷͼˡ
ûˣϢϺȴųȥô
Цﻹ˵Լֵøõģ˼ˣǰͰ͵ˡ
֪Ϻ϶ڴ⣬ûϵǲǵóѵģֻһ˵ģ
ʱȼвиõģֱӸ׳н

24
ԼҪѾ뷨ҲҪʱģڣҲҪŲС
ˣҪĹߣϲǼʾ˵֮ͨԸȢ
ȻѿѾַˣţҪѾˣļ
Ҳ˵ˣҪͨϵķʽɿڴӦǲܵˣôҲֻܿһЩСֶˡ
ʱϺǻһţǵĿʱ̫ˣҪһֱײˡһҪڵɻɵˣ̫̫ǲŹġ
ԣֻܰ½ܵܡ
ܾܵලš
СͻСڼһЩɨشɨ飬ֻҪﲻţ̫̫ҲС鷳ϾôСС̫ԵĻ̫̫ڴɲ֪Ҫ˵ˡ
ʵûб̫ϣصֻһķô˿ǸνĻһĻ棬֮ǰѾˣλֹͦܣ˼
ϵԲ򵥡
ټϺǷ̸ǻӾ⡣
ﰵޣѾˣȻŹ¡
Ŀ
˵ʲô˼ұϾͻʵǸӣպܻܿȥĻûţŵطˣŻȥôܣһܻϣ⻹ࡣҪǻôãԷҲôˣ϶˰ůˡ
طŶˣɲ١
ͻȣȻõģκ˶Ȳˣ϶ǲŹµġ
Ȼû뵽ǣܻܵϺơ
˵ʲôʱ𣿡ȵʵ
ܵҡҡͷֻ˵죬ˣǰᵽȥˡ
áͷܵص˵罻һһһҪҪǷҪȥӱϴ·Ǿң֪𣿡
̾һֱڼǣҲҪסˣô죬ȵʱˣ͸Ǻ«Ժòã
Լ˽ʡ˼ͭģ࣬ǸܵǺ«ǹġ
С̲ס촽صĵͷš
磬ģһסˡ
֪뺦磬ǿ϶óѣ
ôãɸǺüسԵأɲǸһˡ
ҲǺˣ
áЦЦǵԴǾô˵ˡ
Ϻȥϴ·Ȼװˮ˸ȳ˼֮ף벻׿ɾͲˡһǾ𱾾ͲϲһˮȥȣֵĵһΧûˣܲȥɡ
Уǵһ
ӿǻˣôòʱ˵ЩˣһˮһҪ˿ɸô죿
ҲʡˣᣬǻӸġ
⣬ЩƵ£Ҳȫû֪а
ﰵǻӿҲǲ۵ģԸĿģƫƢ󻹽Ժӿеİˡ

в֪ЩһֱæǱסլҽݵװޣ͸ҪæôˣֻܲһŮԶš
϶ǶԻǲ̫죬ﲻһ
æ˼죬ǺЩˣһЩľǶĹӡλдЩҪЩʱáǵطյģʲôûУȫҪ
ȴĿռ䣬Ҳǿˡ
ȵʱˣȥľվˡ
ʹڼ飬ÿ쿴飬ʣµʱȥϴҩҪҽˣûʲôҩɲС죬ԺС̽һСԴ
Ĳ˰Ѵˣ涼ˣҵԺžǰŵġ
Ժеһſ飬ϾǴ̫о
Ȼ͸оʲô̧ſڿȥһ֮΢ЦĺСһ
֣ɡ
СĵܵܣܵܣֳغǳΪСʱûȡ֪ôģźžͺСһСˡ
˫̥Сһ
ֵھҲбīƽ￴ųĬô˵ʵϺһǱȽϸҵˣڶԸĶУһݡĺ⻹ҪһЩҲһЩ
ֻСҲûֶ̫Σֻܱܰ
СԹԵĽߵߣŵĽһ硣
ֻС½ǣԵЩ޴룬źǿɰ
һ¡ЦСԴȻȥһЩӻ˰ӣɡ
Сϡ
кԹӣСҡҡͷСˣҲԣлл硣
žͺòرϲ
ţȻ̳С
ҲûСڳԣ֪棬С϶Բ¼ģҲͷţȴСߵʱץѣ·ţȥԡⶫС˵ǺģͷСҲûԹʲôʳ
ţʲô𣿡
Сҡҡͷֵͷ磬ѧֿ𣿡
Ѿ˵øȥϴ·ˣСһ͸Ͻܹˣ뵽ʱס֮ǰ˵ĽڣϾҲ죬ĪҹûɿɲС

25
ҪȻвӦģҲ˵ֻһСҪСһǺϲġ
£ܺӣСôܲϲ
Ϊ֪飬֪ܵܲľ˼ҼˣСһĹҲĬϣ
Ѿ˻Ҫһ
ƲסһЩҲ΢΢𣬾˵Լ֣ԼҲôνʵҲһֱڴܹӦġ
񿴵ܹܵҲһ
СѧǺܺõ£ʣֳҲ֪ԼѧʲôҲһѧõģó֮Ժ㡣룺ʱͽ͸ֺܵܵòã
áֳ̾ʹӦˡ
ҲûҪôѧԶҲûʲôȤǴطƾٵĹƾһˡ
ѧдԼ˵ֳ֣˵Ǻܻϲġ
ֳձʵȷƣֽд֣д飬ȷС˽ıʻ˳򣬾ɿöԷԼд顣˽˼֣ͻȻһ˴ԺһܵǰץסʱҪקС𣬳ˣϽߡ
ҲЩӦô˵һʱ뵽Լĸĸ
ʶľ͸ǰ˼
ôˣʲôˣʵ
ȴûлشֻ֣൱żȵϡ

˸տʼΪϵĽ٣һʱûзӦǱ˼ЩɻˡʱһͯľУͷһֳֻԼĶӣʹࡣ
ʶľ˦֣˻ȥСһôˣһӶˣ
˵Żһȥֳصָ֣翴
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һϿҽݵĴ
ֳҪ֣ϾһСӣȲ»Ǳץסֱۡ
СȻüͷ⡭ƺûʲôⰡ
ȷԼҽӦòⶼ
̧ͷֳأûдСƺЩ
ʶʲô
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޲̾ץȥˡ
ʶˣȻǲôȥģֱʵ壬ʲôֱӸ˵Ȼǲȥġ
ȷʵмֻģֱ֪˵ԼҸˮˣһȥȣٺˡϾԼҲˣվϣԼϲˣҪȥȢ
վǿţҲԸȥȵġ
˵ʣˣϿɡ
ʲôһʱҲûֱܷˣȥͿٵܡ
ֳؼ״ҲˣۿܳȥæûԼøƵȥġ
СӼɤҲ
һ¾ˣŲͣһ£˵ǽȥﳶݣǵҲںӱ߰
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˶ţ飬֪ûϷˡ
ĽԼҸһøҼŽ졣
ȻϽӱܡ
ʱҲֳ֮ǰ˹ˣԶԶţ˭ˣ
𿴵ˣӣҲ֪ģܰæЩȥӱҪ˳£Ҳܰæ
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ǲǣùȥҲ˰æˣֻ£΢һ£æˣֻѹϡ
ֳصȥӱϴˡ
лҪ˵
£û컹кܶ¡
ƼһСģѾкܶ~
΢̥[촩]by΢
һڻϵͳǵһĬĬԹ޻ڵڻұ̥
Ϊܸǵı̥̫ӣҲΪʵܾϹɽı΢̥̫ǹҸһף뿪
Ȼƣ
ɺ󣬳볹׷ŷˣҲܳһëǮϵ
˭֪õҸܱĳжˣ˺پ籾ˣɣֻ׷
:Һˣûг룬Ÿûκ塣
:ʦԲôٶۣڲŷҰֻ㡭
ȴȥĳ루Į.jpgԲ֣Ѿˡ
01
̫ӳԼˮһ飬ˮ޸ȴֻΪȥǾˣǸȥǣԸ
ȻûˮľΪһδǰ:£ˡ
:˵Ͳ
ҷ־һͱԼټա
Ŀѣʹ顣
02
̫׷ֲӣ̻ʫף̻ƣӶ˵ʦҾб𡣡
̫Ϊ´½ɽѪҪף¸йʵ۳˫ɶԡ
ûһаȻˡ
:ʦڻˡ
:лȨ̫ˣֻ򺡹ǹɽ֡
ܸγϣߣ
жٸȷÿһİ
#ܶΪһ᳡#
촩1v1ÿܶͬһˣ᳡ܷŷɣqaq

26
ӱߡ
һʼֻǱС첽,ԾԽԽ죬ֱ

ּҡ
ȥӱϴѵʱҲڼҡ
ʾܵܵʱ򰴼ƻ,ԼҲȥʰһ׼ȥӱϴ,ŵ,Ҳ
СϵһνȥϴѣҲûвԸ⣬ȻľʹӦˣð,͵ʲôҪϴģҲһøҾͺˡ
ǰûϴ·,˵ʲô¡
οҲû˽ʲô,ʱǡ
ЦеģҼТ˳ȥϾӱϴ·˶,Ҳ˿жТ˳
ȳģǺߵģϽ¶ӲϴɸȥģϾȥ,ôܱ֤ԼҶˮء
ϺӱߵʱѾһλÿʼϴ·ˡ
ûע⵽Щ,һλͶˣҲԱʱʱָһ,ϴ·Щûʲô˵,˵ˣվ˺,Ҳû˵Ҳûע⣬ֻ뿪ˡ
վĺ棬ΧĴתţȿӱϴ·ע
֣һѰ˳ȥ
ֻһɴһбŵȥֻͨһ͵˺
ʱӱһ
ˮˣˮˡ
˭ˮ
һӶܹûǾ𣬾ͼֱ֣ȻһѰѶڱϴ·ȥ
һ
ȴû̫ܸ࣬ܵԼǱˮģ䣬˺ӱ϶ŵһ˲䣬ͷӦˣ˿¾ˡ
֪ʲôⲢֱӰҲˮ
ϴ·λмʵҲе룬ܲסƵʱб򵹵ģټʱƶһ˾͵ǰˡԥǻӻûǰ̫ˣܱô˿ţҪǲĻ˿뷨
Ҫȡ
ǿûôˣǵƣ̫̫ûҲ⡣
ɻûԥ̫ãͰˮˡ
ӣҲùܾˡ
ϵ˷ܿһĻôģ϶ߴߴżżҲûа취һ˵ܹӱϴ·ģҪôŮӣҪôǸԱڴ£඼ǲˮġ
ϾҪѧӾ·ҪЩ
һҪǱ˿̫á
Ҳۡ
ϺƵʱҲǰһ㿼ǽȥģĻҲֻһû˵ʱУû˼֤ױˡ
һȺ˸ϽţҪϹˡ
ֽģѾˡ
ȥҳŰ˸һʱģҲϡ
УԽԽƫ밶ߡ
˵ĽҲϹĹ˳˶
һæӿ첽˺ӱһˮ֮Уһλ˳໥Щϵеģ֮ǰˣȥġ
ټʱ򣬻඼ЩøС
һСͻȻܹϽȥһ˺ӱߣ˵ȥĻһڵġ
ȻԼļûйᵽǹ˳Ҳּ֪һĸΪļʣ䲻ģһԼ棬²ǳı⡣
Ӵļǻˡ
ĲȥҲʲô⣬룬ǾԶԶĿһۣû뵽˴ĺɲǼ䣬˳Ҳ˲ˣֱӼӿٶȣ˵ľ֮£һԾ˺С
붼ûģֱӾεߡ
Ȼߴ
վڰϵ϶ˣðģ
תͷǱߵķÿҴҵֻܹͷűԼҸˣһҲĲֱȥŹ˳ִ򣺡Ļ˼ˣ˭ȥҼҸģҼҸõԼδ
Ҹ㣬ָҼҸ⣬ȢҼҸܣ붼Ҫ룬ּҿɲǵˡ
צģȫû飬ֱڹ˳˼ӡӳǺеһĻһ˲ˣ
δʵ۰
⵨ӿ̫ˡ
ĽæĵĴչȥô𣿡
ۿˣæҪȥţС𰡣ϽˮɲóʲôⰡ
ȴֻкжԽԽСˣᵽ˲ͷȥþͼ˿ûԥͨһˮӡ
ٵεУгˮ棬ҺĻ㼰ʱûԡ
˸˰ߣ˺͸˫˫æȥ˶۵ڵϴ
Ȼȣ϶ʪ·΢һǻġ
ϵ·Ҳֱ£ɴʹ֮ǰϴ·ֱϡ
˶Χǹţ֮ǰеĸҲһȺ˹ⳡҲΧ˹ʱͻȻڵ˵֮ǰˮ֮󣬺ֱӰקˮİɣ־ĺݵĳ̶ȣ˵ǹģ̫ɡ
⻰һȺ˲䰲˼֡
ˮʱ˵ע˹Ҷڿקʱ򣬺üҲһ
֮ǰֻΪ˻ûоûᵽǵڣ˶ûΣ֮󣬾̲סˡ
ֵģӣǲǣʲôأ
ҲǺǵģ͸ϲͣĻҲȿ˵Щҿûк˵ֲֹһҿɶˡ
ʱƽʱ˺޵ĻԵҲֳˣ⻰һ˵м˿˿ڡ
ʾԼȷʵǿˣǹˮġ
ðʱһֻס˿ڣȷʵҲΪ֮ԻˮǱ˴ӱһѣȼҲоġ
ˣȻƽʱȷʵСëֻҪ˲ңҲȥ˺ˣȻ˼ѾҶˣһô
ɲΪ˺ηηβҶˡ
ҲԭڴͲãЩһģʭӶ˲Ҳ¡˵ˣûҪڸģȻҲںЩ
ҲţδϲˣΪЩͶʲô뷨Ҫ㣬Ҳֵϲ
⻰˵꣬ûеõͬĿ֮ôԶôȥģǺվŵģֻһˣ
ҲɵܹԼԼʲô
ĪǣԼƵİɣ

ое㲻顣
̧ͷЩڵĳǱµ⻰ʲô˼һѲɻԼĺˮһʱûվȰˡ
¶ȷʵܹóġ
ɴĸһǸֵȻһʣҵøҵδ֮ʲô˼ոʱ򣬿ǰûԥľȥ˵ġ
ҲǶԼδɵøӦе̬Ȱɣ
ȻһʱϴЩȣɶܲˬӡǳĲá
һǻԼھ͹ϵˣʲôõģãʲôǿԵġ
ʱ˵ЩҲպãҲ׼Ҫ޸ԼҲһ¡
û˿ĵǸ𲢲ϲȻǱˮģͷһŭȼգһЦҺûʲô˵ģ㣬͹˳֮㵹ǿԸҽһ¡
ҲˣϺ˿ûаǼ׼׵飬
ĻҲ˵ֻ
ˮ˵ͱˣҲӣֱô˳
һҭҺ͹˳ʲô
ԼǶԹ˳кøУֻΪȺ֮ģȻô͹˳нӴӴ˳ҲһԭΪǱУǹ˳µˡ
Ȼ뷴һõˡ
ȻҲΪ˳ȷʵϲ͡
µǺ⣬õ֮ǰɽ˽ţƺλŻء
ɽȻΣգΧǿȥġ
֮ǰǺʹͬһȥĢģû뵽ɢˣ˽š
һЩο˼ŵסǱܣԭô°һ˵˲ˡ
֮ǰֻż·һΣˣ˳󣬲ŽŸлȥΡ
Ҳ࣬ţżһȻܿ
ǰ֪Ϊʲôڽɲ֪ˡ
ˮոСһɾֱȥģ֮Ҳûȥ
԰һʶġ
ģиǷƣû뵽ǻģô䵽ϡ
ʱ򣬹˳ƵĿ𿪿ڣ㲻˵֮ǰĻԼѾ𣿡
Ŀȥ
԰ûʲô˵ڻԼûڼ䣬ûԽĵطҲ֮ǰּҰ˼һСŪù죬￴ſȥͷЩӴ
Ȼϲôû˵仰
˵ǺӱһΣоɽǴˡ¾İĽҲܻû˵䣬Ͱ˴ɹ˵İɡ
֮ǰ⣬һ׼ģû뵽ȴڱ˵Ǹģ֪ܻ꣬˵ʱŲҪҳףи֮ˣſܲҵõģʱס
һŭ֮£Ҫףǹ˼飬СãԾԼҸʵ˵ȥû뵽ӡ
һһۿ
θڻ
ǺϲϵӸֱ˳󰡣˼ƣǼƽϣȻ˭Ҫ˵ﺢӶĻǵðʺɡ
и֮ˣȫ˵Ѫɲ̫иˡ
һ˸͵ãû뵽ϱﾹ˼ҡ
ι˹ȸǼǿǳˡ
ϺϵĹϵãǰ֪ġ
𣺡ѹּǴ£ϲ̫̫飬滹ϰéġ
ԭַ˰
ۣ˺ù

ţ͹ȥŤ˵˵
ҸæΪƫ֣ѲãӸ˺üš
˳Ҿ£ϸ۵໽л
ۼǿסˣ˵֮ǰ˼ﲢûа׵¸㣬Ҳ˵ΪԼδ£ôȥͱԽӴģ
ֻ˵ɱǼġ
ͲãֻС£һδС̯Ǵ¡
ǲ֪Щʵ̫ˣּұѹȣקˮֻһƮƮĶԲûˡ
ο¹С׵ȷʵ˵Ҳû˼
ֱӴֵľڴ֮ͥʳ
ͬϻһõܵǰδͷҪһã˺Ǽġ
˿ţһʱ䣬ŷԼƺûԼôںŰΣ˵ҡֻΪǣšš
ȥҹ˳ġ
Ҳ֪Ϊʲôֳ
ûǴĻǰҼңͻȻǰʱ˳ձŹɣǻ궼û˵ôģ
Σ˿Ĳò䵽ϡ
˵ᣬ˶Ӭ޷ĵѲɵϣΪǲ˽ˡ
Ҫն⻳ɡ

27
ԭϲ,ԸҲҪܵ˭Ҫϲ,ҪҶԷ鷳,ȫ˶йʶġ
ԵҪ׵ʱ,ŻеЩͷۡ
ΪҪһõĽڲףʲôֵ֮鶼ףԸҲУܾҪ,ԷܶǼſڣϵҪɹļ޽
ϲŻơ
ǴСų,,ҲǱȽ϶µģҲˡ
ʱǵû£С޲ȥɲˡ
ҲΪյЩԭΪ,˵ֻѹûɵġ
Ǹʱ˳ȷʵŹҲԵ޹ʵľͲˣѹûаף֮ǰҲûг,֮ǰҲ۹£ڿҵԵˡ
ԭô°
ĵҲ̫,ǰôϲ𣿡
û˼ǸʲôӣҲģ,СС,Ϊģʲô˲õ,һϲҲΪ档
챳ʲôʱô꣬ﲻֹһɲͱˡ
ߣû˵ʲôˡ
ʵҲûʲô˵ˡ
Ҳ˹ˣ֪˭ˮֻں˵Ǻӱˮˣ͹û뵽չͿ˻ʪСӣˡ
һܵߣֵĵʵôˮأ䲻䣿պһʱ䣬ˮ˷磬Ҫôźãˡ
ߣǸϽؼңȥϵ·ˡ
ıϸԼСӵ壬ϾС嶼иʲôͷȡ
һŶӣһҲûкһҲǣϽȻȥ·ˡ
û¡
ʵȷʵҲû䣬һֱܸߡ
Ҳʪ·żʱһ¡
󲿷ʱ䶼Ǻúõġ
˿ϣҲһһ䣬¶˵ˣ꣬Ҳоѻû뵽ģȴһôĽ
˵ҲУȰʪ·ˡ
ϣҸҲˮһôʪܵҲã飬ôһʱҲû꣬ȸԻؼҰ·ˣȻٶһ˵˵ô
ϵȻǲϵģϵĻ˵ҲеȷʵԼҸĿǰǲʱһҲǺõġ
Ӧ
á˵Ǵȥһϰɡ
ϾּǰȽϴվ˶࣬ҪҲּСʱҪ漰̫̫ˣȥּá
һҪѶӺĻ¸̸ˡ
Ӧ֮˫ҪȥˣڳҲûлؼҵĴ㣬Ǵӵżˣ׼ſֵġ
ϾС棬Ҳûжٵֻô鵱ȻҪˡ
·ҲϢĵϿŶʪӣ޵ĲУǵǡ
Իؼ֮ȥ·ˣԼȥˮһ˺ǽˮˮ򵥵Ĳϴһ£˳ͷϴˡϾͰѺǽˮ˹⽪ˮˣ·Ҳഩ㡣
ĽĽˮУȹˡ
оȷʵܿůˡ
ŶӺţʵޣǱôİ˼ңҪǲȢĻҲ̫
ҪȢĻȻҲУҲÿ˵ĶҪȢ
չ˵ҲˣǱҪǱ˳ŵĻҲ̫ںܲסǵʵڲá
ӦһȢ
ģһ㶣Щϲϲ˼С
ͷЩϲɣϾͦõģӴоҲöһѰɡ
ûô࣬ԼҲϲǸ˲ѡȻöȢģӲϲȻҲǿ
ȻһҪᵽȥˣҲöȢĸʲôõġ
ϾҪȢģҲû۸ֵ͵ӡ
ʰ֮ǲȥ˸ּңּԺվ˲ٵˣڵŵģϺˣæÿ·
һȥſ峤档
ǶˣûãǣһҵȵȣҲȫˡ
ǻûе϶䣬峤ѾŴ˽Ϣһ֮£˽ıֻһЩҪȫˡ
˶֮峤Ҳʼ˵£˵˵ɣΪʲôҪƵ
峤ԩϵҾһСĻһ£ûעƵҵĺӣҶ֪жôܻأ
ҲֻΪƵŰˮģѾǸˡ
±Ͳʲô£õͶ峤
˵Ҳеί峤һ϶иʲôһ֪ȫߵ⣬ҪܷĻ϶ܷˡ෴Ļû峤֣дѹͲʲô顣
뵽аޣ֪ĸµģȻ峤ˡ
峤˵ǹģǹܹǰȥˣ
ǵģ֮ǰ飬ʵģǸ֮һ£Ϊû壬ֻЩȷϣԲһˡ˾һȽϾȵ飬ظһȷһ¡
ֻסڸģҲˡ
ʱĻôеġ
϶ʱˣ֪˵ʲô
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Ѿ̶ˣʵϺڴܹЩѾ뵽ˡ
峤˵⻰Ҳֻܳǡ
峤һԴֿΪ˽˵;㣬˼ˮ
ûзǵģˣȷʵҵĴ
峤ˮҲҺѾ˾ˣ˵йϵк֤ݣ
Ĭ
ʵƺûʲô֤ݣģҲ˵Ҳûһ𣬾˵ľ룬ɽϿһΣͷ¾˵һҲʲô⡣
ֻΪ֪һҲ֪Ϊˡ
ܲ˵ɣƾ޾ݵģο㰵˼Ҳûȥ˵ԭģֵֻ֪ĵطɻҪԶԶĿԷһۡ
Ϊԭ˼Щʲô֮ǰĻ˼Ҽ궼û˵
ҲǷˡ
ΨһеģõһΣȥʱ򿴵վţֲաҲ˵Ϊʱ㣬Ǹʱ˼Ѿ˵ˡ
˵ζʲôҶ֪峤޹ףҪ˼û֤ݣȥ֮ҪôҪ˭һտڰ˵ǾҪˡ
УûԼ֮ǰͺйһʵǲͳ
ʵûʲô˵ģȷʵĴǱ⣬Ҳ֪ô˵ġ
û취ֻϴ
ҹ˳£ܶ˵˵̫Ҳ¹˳ϾΪ
δȥ˼ҵĺ̸ֵ˵һ˶ǽܲ˵ġ
ҪҲˣ˼ұֳģ֮
۸оȫͬˡ
ҹ˳Ҫ˳ȷʵϲͣź֮ġ⻰˽º͹˳˵ų̂ϡ
˵Ҳһţ˭֪ڹ˳ߵǶ飬˵ǹĶ
ҲֻĬˡ
ˣ峤ȻǶˣǾ巨ɡ
ʲôϺ󾪡
峤ֳô飬ˣܷܲܲɣϴӼ޵ּңôûͣ
ǰֻЩԼҵС£ͬˡ
ҪɹҲϣǻãģɲС
ȥֹѪҩҵλҲǣοǼȣϻ̫̫ǨƵ˺Ǳ˳ɼҵģƽûҲˣҪʹʱҲͳˡ
̫̫ã׼޹ôˣûôų⣬һͲһˡ
̫̫ҲǾŲѣ峤֮ǰĻˣĳͷǻϺҪصˡ
æǰ峤е鶼ֻǼеС£ûҪҪɣֻǲСҲϴǸˣ϶ǼҲģ˰ɡ
峤ԣϺֹ㸣Ǿأ
£˼Ҽ治׷ȷʵûҪǵðҪΡ
̫̫ǣ϶϶ϱǿ˵

28
Ϻ㶼ͷ,һԲųԸǲ̫̫ˮ,пɥ,Ҳ˵ô˵¡
Ǳʶ,ǱȵҪҪġ
Ͼǰǣ޲ðǵѪˡ
ƽʱ𣬵ʱ,֪ôѡˡ
ˣ̫̫޵,һ˫絶㿴ȥ,˶û̧ͷǰϹˡֺֻܳһ顣
Ϻֹ㸣ûӦ
㶯Ȼֱӿʲô˼
̫̫ȻǲԸԼļⱻ,˵Щʲô峤ȴֱֹˡ
Щɥֲףίԭ£ҲΪ˸ĸˡ
⻰һ,Ϻֹ㸣Ӷһû뵽Ȼô,ͬʱҲЩãȻ峤,˵,նԺӵоʵǲõģ
ò˵ϴ֮,ȫôϺֹ㸣ˣҲϺֹ㸣ٵˡ
룬ԺҲ۰ġ
ֻҲ̣Ծ;úҲû£Ȼֻ̫̫Ӹѹɶ̵ǺˣϺֹ㸣̣Ҳ⿪ʼɣԼǲˡ
峤ĻⷽĻɡ
֮峤ϼ򵥵󣬾˵˾ĴϺˣУ˸ܹͷǹá̫ƾףǳϴ̬ãʹʮӰɡ
ֻϺãɾͲϴôˡ
ʮȥҲڴһʱˡ
峤ľһ̫̫˶ʱصģҲû峤ڣﶨ£Ҳûã鶨֮󣬼ǲлڸĵˡڵ̫пܰԼҲͽȥ
ۼѾˣͷҲǺġ
׼϶˵峤ʵһһ£ҼˮһСǾôˣⲻ˻һЩţҲʣҪֱӰѻ¸¡
Сʹе̫̫⻰Ͻˡ
峤ĳͷû취ԼҵˣлȨġ
һ㣬峤ҲûǿƱ˼Ҽ˵õ
ţҲͬ⡣
ҼѾˣǼҲ࣬һõĹޣôͲͬˣ
ʵ֮ǰϾѾԤеûô˳ڵʱ֪ûô򵥡ˣ̫̫Ҳ;ܾˣﻹ
׼֪ǳӲ̣ѹҲû̫̫·ӡ
ģҲȥˣҲɵǰɱΣҪΪС˾һ棬϶϶̬Ҳðôһ˵ûģҲûÿȥ̻㣬˭Ϊǽ
ӾˣȻˡ
Ҳǲ֪ԸƷôĸ飬ҲǼٵģҲֻȰһȰֱܲӾͷ˰ɣ϶ɲƷ
Ҳû̫ѣϴСõġ
Դǻ˵һЩĻ֮ϲ֪νĶ飬ֻһ˵ģ˼ѹͲ⣬Ͳٺһˡ
̫̫£½¶ˣܷ˵»ϣҲ֪̫̫вԸˡм֮ף̫̫˿Ϊǣǰ֪ҲﵽҲЩ
ģĸĸ
£̫̫ȻԲӦϺֹ㸣ҪͬĻҲԳɡ
һźµǰ£̵ûԽĸһҪѹӣ˵ȥռҲ̫̫
һӾǸӣѾûˣҽݺסլӶĴҸĸʱһЩµġֹѪҩӣﻹû
ʱҵ¡
˵ˣҪϺֹ㸣ﵹҲǲУǸĸĲԵĵطҲкӵġȻҪǸˣǾǸ̫̫ǣЩ˿û۸
ϿɲӸǡ
ѡڴֱ֮ͥ˵һΪ˱̬ȣҲһϺֹ㸣
Ϊ˺ƴһ£ּòˡ
׿ܳΪһˣϵȻԸ⿴δ׼һֱ۸ˡ
̫̫Ҳ˿ڣˮΣ⴩·ģûʲô˵ģҲһҪȢȻҪ˶ѾˣѲɻҪ
û̫̫õӦȻֱת̫̫ô˵Ҳǲ˳ˣ
͵̧ͷ̫̫ѾһӦ£ǵȻˮ˱һ¡
ǲ֪͹˳֮ô£ǾԲԼҵӼ޸һŹˡ
˵ĵλٸߣأȲһͨˡ
ŵӹж࣬ЩסԱߴģĿãôԼӼ޹ȥԿࡣ
̡ᳶһ̫̫·
̫̫ûлӦ
״ҲֻʱˣʱǺ̫̫ĺʱ
̫̫˵ֵοǰδôȢø磬ּҸɲѡģҾǰ޸Ҳ޵ȥ
Цһ˵Ĺûʣ㱾뷨ɣ޸һǮƸģǲǲмνܶǮױͺˡˮһ£ǸȥѡЩ˿۵ǰɣ
̫̫ŭ㡭
ȻȷʵǴƸţŰ˼޸ʲôϰʮˡ
Ͼ˵ȥ˵Ҳ
Ȼˮ֮ºҲⷽĿǡ
ϵøΣˮǰҾҼСȢˣͳϵպҲԸ׶һ
⻰Ҷʲô˼
ѹ֮ǰȥͷ
Ҳϱ˼ҶӶ϶ôã˵ϻҪϣҲȢͶãһӡ
ǰǰϼѹե˼϶ң˼Ҹ޸ҸǰδųţŹء

Ҷ˵ţ֮ǰ˿˳
ѹأԭʱϺ϶ַˡ
ΧЩͷ˵ЩΪ˰ѴķϵıȥȻС֮ĸӹϵȻڿǼûκ⡣
ҲܲסЩ˾Ͱ룬ӲҪøδйϵ϶ʲô
²⣬ֱӳ֣һôҶ˷ܵĵϡ
еע֮ĶԹϡ
ѻ̫̫˵꣬תͷϺֹ㸣ǰȥסϵ֣˵ɩӣǼҪȢģ룬ǼƢãϿҽݣҲһ֮Сڳˣֱӿҽסţӹúء
ˮ飬ȻǴҶʵûʲôǼܲסʱ䳤ˣվǶԸҪһЩ
Ϊã⵱ĸģҲҪһЩĲСǼ̫̫ǸôˣôӦԼҲȻˮģǱ׼̫̫ͻǺǣոջ˵Ҫ޸򣬾㲻ˣҵҲá
»Ҫ⵱ĸģġ
ϵ֣˼
ţ֪⻰˵ǶԵģȷʵٺòˣĸҪǼ޹δΣֱӾһۿ
ĵȴҲ¶ģ£ͬС
ּ֪һһ粨¿ʱûϵţӾ̳ˣҲţԼҸûùޡ
峤ǸԶг㣬ҲȷʵֱֵܹģҲˡ
ϺԼ˵ܷˣƵǱߣΪһȻ֮ͥ±ӣŶţֻ˼ˡ
ɼʹĸ˺͸ִ̡
峤˼ලš
Ƚּ̧֮ңϺùš
ҲͻؼˣּǱߵĶɲСˣ̫̫۵ĲУһֱּҿ޺ţ֮ǰϺֹ㸣ֲԸԼҸԭ̫̫ɲͰŭˡ
ּңһֱ϶һҡ
ϣ֮󣬵һ˵ǻӦҵ𣿡
ϿŸ䵭дŲεһ±סޣʵ˵ᣬģǱ̴Ҳ޵ȥġ
һ¾˳
ǲĸС۵Ϊּͻֻ̫ˣϴһ£еĻ䡣һӳģָоǳ»ܵģֻһȫ
еάһ£Ǳ۸ˣֻºο£ԣһС
ģá
һ̶ˮеۺͺ¡
ϰ֮ԼһҲˡ
µǣϰˣҲǶϰߡ
ʱģҲǲѹģѹ֮¸ǾҪˣǲǴӽҪȥһܻܵôСǲҲҪһڼһһʹѹե
ڣãڻѡǡ
Ҳ̲ס档
С׺͸綼ˣҲ̲סΧǿ˳
֮ʵǿҪ̷ּң
ҡҡͷҲ˾ģʵջҪ̵˼ģϣؾòġ
ȻǲּܷңΪȡѾ㹻ˡ
˵Ŀ϶ʵҲЩãȻ֪Ҫô̫̫Ϊܷ֮󣬲ǾͲˣ˵޸ȥӡ
Ǹûʲôˣԥţ˵¿֮ǰᣬҪʱϵľˣǱ߲ɣ
ЩǱ߷ڡ
ϾǺô࣬˼ȥˣҪһǸõ˼ңҲǺ׵ġ
ǲôģУһֱһܺõˣ֮ǰҲŵôҲǺԥˮоᶨ˵Ӧòˣڴʹ˿ͣȻ˵ЩɼӦġ
Ҳ֪Ǽǵġ
һҲǣȷʵΪһֱܺãɳ
ҪǺͼַˣٷڣǿɾͲСˣ˼Ҳɲֽ
Ҳȷʵ׼˴򳤾ս׼ˣϻͶ˵ˣһʱּҾеˡ
ЩпҪãȻ׵ˣպ̫Ҳкӹġ
˵һ룬Ϻֹ㸣ּҲûӹҲûʲô𰡣ǰǵţʹհҲ
̫̫ܲɴ˵˰ɡ
лҪ˵
ƼһҵԤģҲ͵ģϲղһѽ~
Ұϵͳ
¬һԽ˹Ŵ߹صһСԵǰĻûǷҪ߿ƾ·ͱһϵͳˡ
¬һʼǾܾģԸ𣬻ʲô˭ȥš
ϵͳʵǸ̫ˡ
⻷£Ŷϴ裬ܸƶȫŰʰкʹ߱ܣܴȥؽݳԴ֣;ܸɵһˣܺ
оҪӱ߹Сӣ¬մ700ֱӳ棬Ծذ
¬յ·ߵУСͻȻһλС¬վãԼӦȿȢϱˡ
ӽǣ
ҶǰƼ޸һƿ֣׺˸ҲѾҶϴԴԼҷϾȢ
ҵȲҶʵ̲ס˷ϼһüһأ
psģġ

29
,ԺŵʱԼԼĿƺһӰ
һ
ȥ֮󣬲ŷ˺Ϥ,˳ȥ,ʵ˳
ôʲô
˳,һ𣿡
֪˵ʲôˣ޷ǾǰЩ顣
͹˳㲻ǾϵĻˣǱȽϲŵ,£ǲһЩôġ
˳ǻʼҳ,õʱ,ͬҲ
һΪȽмֵо,֮ǰ͹˳ȷʵദıȽϲĿǰ˵ҲϾ趨УϵǺܺõ,ȻǸ̶ȣҲ
˵ʲô
˳ԥһ,ǵĻԼ,ʲôʱģ
Щ,ǲ֮䣬˻ûнԼ֮ǰ,ͺ˻øˡ
һΣʱ򣬿һǸʱҲ˵ˣѾԼˡʱΪݵԭЩЩΣû˵ȥ
̬൱Ƶᣬƺûа·ϣֻ˵ǴСĸģǱߣںദĹУҲδᵽһֱǿǵӡ
ʶģ˳ΪֻǸĸµģʵֻиͷѣǰھǼģ˵δޣʵϾֵ֮ദһ㶼ʲô
֮ӦǶԼʲôӵġ
֪ӣʲô飬ֻܶͷԼþˣûʲôʽʽ
һд󣬴ΧЩ۵УóǰǺϲģ׮е⣬෴ƺڵˣڿһ𣬾Ҫȥ
˵ǰ
ҲӦð˵ǵУŹǶʱ䣬ûδ˵Źº֮ǼΣܸоǶкøеġȻˣô𣿻Ҫأ
˵ٻһûҪҲûз
һжù˳ƽ
ҲʶȷʵѾռһλˣҲеϾĽУȻã˳Ҳȫûһ˿ĵġ˼ҵΪЩˡҲоºѿ
˵ϴθ˵Լǰ졣
˳飬ֵҲ̫ϣȷʵϲСһֱûһǷĸ飬﷢ﱳ˵ĻԼӦҲǻԼġ
Ըֲԭڵһʼֻϲ˳ġ
˳ͷ֮ǰ֪ǵ£µȷʵҵĲԡ
Ǹ
û£ҲЩԼ£ԼɣҾͲЩˡ
Ժôѡ񣬶ǹ˳Լ¡
Ȳܺ޽ٵĴϣҲʹȥɢˡ
֮ԻЩӦþˣϾǴ˵ˣѾԼ֮ͦԵġÿμΧת
Ҳ벻ȥһˣﾹȻûѻԼѾ˵¸һ
ôһߺ͹˳ദһ߻˳۵ģ
ѲΪϲԭԭԭȷʵͦϲġ
Ƿ治̫Ҳˡ
ûĶĸо
Ҳûʲôµģ˳װӵҪأ˵ˣȻҲûˣ˫Իȥˡ
Ҳûˣ֮£ҪЩӣ׻ǽھ͸㶨á
һֱţһ̫̫ʲôɧͲˡ
ϾҲѾ˸ü˵ˡ

ҹˣҹּңķ䣬ϵȴ˯Ĳȡ
ֻϵ˫۽գðູˮʹࡣ
ΣεԼˮ
޾ˮ˷ӿסĿڱǣеϢʹ࣬ģʧȥʶڤڤеһ״̬С
Ļһֱ׷һֱŬһǱһʧʹţеҲᣬǿҵʹϮͷ﷢صĿǻʹ˺ܾãҪˣһ죬ƺҵʲôᣬĿϲսصһѵޱߵĺڰ
ɱ㣬ɱ㡭
ѡʲôڿյķ
磬ѡ

ȥЩˮ
ʼһֱӵĸоϣɵ̾
̫ˡ
ʹĻŶӵ壬ﲻͣĺţããã۾
ˡ˿ǷˣոһֱΣ˵ʲôλ˰Űѡ
ڻҲ벻ԼʲôΣѵõЩĺţܡ
°֪Ǳˮˣ˭ˮң·Ҫһ㣬᲻أ
ΪĺϺ£ǲſһһ˯ġ
û뵽ҹߵĶˡ
ɷ򣺡ȥһϴһ°ɡյĺͮͮģŶͷҲر̣ҩǲеġ
ֹ㸣Ҳ룬ӣ
ҧȸϴ˵һ£ҪҹҪΪ̫̫˯ŽţҪӵѶȾ͸ˡ
ֹ㸣̾˿Ҳֻˡ
ҲǲҪġ
ʵǵҲȥҽҲãýҪȢûô鷳չҹģУҲҪЩӣοǾˣȻȫ嶼֪ǼǸʲôԣվǲڶӵδǰû˿档
ϴĿ죬͸ҩⲡڵǷˣҪҹȥҩȡ˸ƿͽоģרη纮ȵģһźú˯һϹƾͲˣʱÿٷһţֱȫ˾ˡ
ͽܡ
΢Щ̵ģȷҪȢ֮ÿÿԷоرĿġ
ðҩϺֹ㸣ע档
ǵȷʵǺܷˣȻҹҩԺӶζǻѹ
šϴϵҽݣ׼ҩƷġΪҲ£ϴ򲢲Ϻֹ㸣˵˵Щ
СŪЩˮֱӷ¾ͺˡ
ҩӲСҧһڣζҩζ΢ЩƣֱӺҩǼֱǺܶˡϽˮȥ֮󣬳ɹҩӶˡ
ţҪֵĻǱȰҩҪϲĶ࣬ûĸԸҩģȵһ³ıȱȽǣܵÿغҩҪģӦûǳ
۸һЩҲ޷˶һЩ
Ϻֹ㸣Ƕ໰ģϴ˵䣬Ҳͱҩ뿪ˣֹ㸣æȥ͡
ڶ죬ϴ֪ҹ£ϴҲȥˣûʲôˣŷࡣȥǼҺּϵҲǽȥ

İ£ˣּҳ̫̫Ҳûʲô
һ죬̫̫ȴһˣӦ¡ƺǹ˳ˣ˵ʲô̫̫֮ˣӦǹ˳ˣ
ҲȻ͹˳ĿЩȷʵкøУһˮһ£ʱ˵֮нЩɾͲͨͨˮôˡ
Ҫǲ޹˳ûһˡ
˳ӣǲͻˣеΡ
֮ǰ˳ҲּһΣȻĸһЩ
ﴲţЩĻЩס䣬ǿδĻʵ۰ţ̣̣һ£
̫̫źݺݵ˹˳һۣȻȥ

30
̫̫ڹ˳Ķ෬,Щսľĸо
һǳڹ˳ĵλϾȻھ鵱пţ˳ֻСƽЩ,Ǽܲס֪,ԼҵЩȷʵǼƷ,Щģ˳ƽͨգֵҲ˵һ
һ棬ȷʵϲ˳ġ
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ȻԱŤ˵Ļ˳һš
,ɾͲˡ
ڹ˳ֻ˵ķ飬ΪȻ,ЩԼӴ˽⵽ġ
˶ǹ˳Ӵ,˳ھ鵱ܺǰҪ,˵֮ǺͶԵģҪû֤ݾ˵Ļ,ֻǰѹ˳ƵĸԶ
ҲЩɻ󣬵ǣжϳǲȫǲһġ
ڴԽǰһʷͬ˶ƪС˵дḷ́ܶҲʮ¾ˡ
ҪдĹ˳˵Ĺ¡
ġ
ΪϲͬԵģСƪҲų⣬дͦĬģʱͦϲġ
Ƕ˵ķܶʷʵûر꾡Ϊʱ󷨣˾ͺֿܿˣһɽԿңһȥƾҲ£еĹص˵ţҲϽֵһֱ׸һô˹ֱʦ۶ǹЦġ
ͦá
ʵǸϷƣѿ˸ܺá
ҲǴԽ֪֮ԼǴˣΪʷϿû˿ӵġŷ֣ԼδȻ֮һ𣬵ǱƪС˵ļǵãᵽг׵ģ׵ĶһĸøǽڴԽ֮ǽյԭļġ
ȻҲ֪ԭжôϲ
Ҳ֪ԭôĸ飬϶ǲʲôõ飬ʱһҪԵ޹ʱ׵ĻӰǺܴġԭͲǺܺõ£ⲻǶԭ·
׵ľܿøİĽ
ҲܿλļǺޡ
̫̫ķԸôģԷѳͷϡ
ĴԹ޺Ҳ磬׾ٵľͷ˶нɫ˾
ҲֻһѣǸСƪ֮󣬾ȥ׷ˣʲô̫˾ԸˣæԼĻȥЩ
Ϊ룬Ÿıۡ
ԼԲģڶгﱳԭŰȥ
ͬʱҲЩ棬һλǡ
Ͼǻӣ϶еġ
һˡ
ۺҲ
ΪЩһʱЩãܿͷӦλǼ˵˻˵ģѹͿûѵģͲšû˽µĽӴ𵽵ҪôŻȢԭø磿
һ˼ңǰδɵļҰɡ
οˬˣôǰˣҪˣԭôأ
ţ˿϶ġ
Ҳ˵ʱ̫̫̣ҲǶ˵ˣ˼𣿹˳ôҲǸӣҪԺиʲô˼ұô죿
̫̫⣺ǱԽɲǳֵܲ͢ġ
˵һŵĻʲôҪ˵ҲŵɽŸˣÿ춼ҪȥʯɻǿɲǼò£ܻܲ궬춼һء
̡ΣֻûʽҾϲ
̫̫ԲȻŭҪȥǲģ
̫̫ԼҵСǵ˵и֮ˣԺ϶ҵõġ
ŵĻӣ϶ǿĺÿġ
æ̫̫ǵģҶһ飬ҿһ۾ϲˣ̣ͳȫǰɣʵۿ϶Լ׶ģԺҪǻȥˣҾǻˡ
Ժӣɾͱˣǲ
⻰ҪΪ˰̫̫ʵҲʵ֪˳δΡ
̫̫ЩԥûӦ
ûȥˡ

̫̫ĳģƶ£̫̫Ĳ鲻ԸĴӦǵ¡
˸æҲ͹ȥˣ̫̫ͬˮ֮ǰ˵˵ģ޸˳ģôͱˣ
ȻҪ޵ĻҲԼ޵Ҽˡ
̫̫Цһɿڣⲻܡ
ֻҪ̫Żû;Բ޵ȥ
γ֪ܹ޵ҺܺأͲĻ޵ĺòãģ޸һŵˣӣܡ
ϿϺֹ㸣ɩ㿴ôģǼϾҪᵽȥˣҪû׼ŵĻ
ֹġ
һϵ˼
ǻãϹʱ򣬸ͨˣֻһѣʵ̫ųˣһ²С
ܾܲһֱŰɡ
ܿ죬һȻСǼᶨޡ
˵Ŀⶼϵϣ̫̫ɫ̫ãĵ϶ϱ˵ʲô
һƸ۰Ĵ˵˵ͬ޸ˡ
̫̫ŭһûأʲôʱֵõ
ҲۣҵĺӣôͲˣ޸Ѳȥ޸һЩֺеĶӣʹ򣿡
ˮ´Ҷ֪Ҳ̫̫ӡ
ʱҲȱһЩˮˣһãҲȡ
Ϊʲô֪̫̫Ϊܷ̫̫ضǲŹġһЩȢϱ˵ˮ㲢ʲôοǳĸɻȻЩϸҲǺÿġ
Ȣؼȫû⡣
֪̫̫ڽӴЩˣҲںͿ˭Ƹˡ
ˣҲ̲סˡ
ƾʲôôã޹ȥܹӣǵòãǵ޸õˣԼˮģ㺦ҵԼȺͱ湴ģƾʲôͲҼˣ
ǲΪԺ󻹲˼Ȣϱˣ
Ъ˹ĺţһʱڳ˸סˡ
̫̫Ǳסŭء
ûѾضݣǷҪҼùҲ޸ˣҵҪȥǸʲôӣǵطˣֲûŮˣʲôǵȢó棬ŧˡ
ǷҪһҾȥ֡
̫̫ݵһ߳С㣬Ϳ
ķű򿪣˳̣ǷּҰɡ
ʲô̫̫һ¾סˡ
̫̫ȥ
ʵּͷеģʳʱҲȥϿˣЩûĺáʱҪ׬ǮĻӦúס
ЩˣĲûʲôϾǵ˺ôģûиɻ
ǴεĵéӣﻳɵЩ£ɶɵġ
ԸҲƨɵģϲȥֺñˣҲн⡣
֮ûǷ˵ĺãݾ͸̫̫˷ӣһ̫̫֮ͨ˵ˡ
ٴγ̫̫֮˵Ҫ޵ȥҲУǾͷּҰɣԺּˣҲܲǵ¡
ϵԣֹ㸣ҲЩסˡ
ֹ֣ûּң˼ô
̫̫һȥ峤ϽйǷּҡ
һ㶣϶һֳȥˣĻ˭ɰ˵ʲôԼӣҲڿЦֻܳȥˡ
Ҳ֪ԸǾԲԿģп϶ʲô⡣

31
ͬڸĸãȻ,ϲˡ
룬ڼô꣬ӦܷһЩǮ,ʳȵ,ֻҪܹɹһ͹ˡ֮ǿȥס,ֱ˼ҵأԶĲ˵Ҫᵽȥ,ؾѾ׼ȥˡ
ٿ࣬ҲּܱҵӺá
֮,ȫû̫̫ƽȵķּҵġ
Ҳû,һ£ÿҾķ־һˣ,ֲ̫̫ġ
Ҳ֪ģǰȥס֣ϣܸһЩο͵͵ĺһ
ϻͷһ,ֿǾϲСġ
ҧҧһӲ,־ͷְɡ
ôӦҲ
ɷѧ,ʱһԼȥɽ,ȥ̫ĻӦҲ,Ұ˵ȵȣܲڻȥ
˾֮Ͻࡣ
Ҳ˹˵ɩӲõģҼҵﻹûȥʱǼҪĻҿǣܹġ
֪˼ڰæл
ʱ峤϶ˡ
һ˶ˣ峤ʵ˵ǽǾҪּң
̫̫˵ţ϶ѾܾˣϴλֳǸӣŪļһֱð룬Ǹɴ˵ĺáֻǵ϶һֳȥ
⻰һ˵꣬վŵһãȻĿ˿ڣּ̣Ҳ˵Ҫֵ𣿡
ּҿǴ£ֻһȥɲʲô⣬̫̫⻰ԾͷϿ۹ǿ϶ɵġ
ΧԶЩֲּҪʲô۶ӡ
ôҲⵥܸɻĶֳȥЩ죬ҲϺֹ㸣˼
жŲ룬ּҴ̫̫˵ֻ϶һֳȥЩɫתһ룬ֻܷǲ֣̫̫ҪǴϵģ䵽ʱ̫̫Ǵ󷿣ȴѶ͡

Ǵ󷿿ɲǶô۸ģʱİѻǸǲܵˡ
ôһ룬Ӿͱˡ
̫̫⻰һˣȥҲû˼ǷּҪһ뵽ҹ˵Що͵⡣ΣʱӹԽԽ϶һָжĽء
ּңѲɻܹˣ
ĵ
ֻûǻ峤ȷʵҪּң峤͸λһ֤
ôֵģ峤ʵ
̫̫˵ֻ϶һֳȥϵҲûͷģȻһӾͰѶȫˣһõĿ϶ҪһЩ
⻰Ҳ˵ʵ̫̫˼ֱӰ˼Ҿĸϳȥġ
ҲΪ˸һ߲˼˼һӵĸܣȰ˵֮£û̫
̫̫ЩʵǲǿſͷϵĸֻȫҸϴԵĶҪ֣ҲͬˣôҲȫһСԵβ
ʱʱҪ̫̫ĻΡ
ֱҲνĺŪˡ
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Ϻֹ㸣עѣȫĶͶ˽ȥ
ϾǾҪһˡ
ãûڴⷽ棬ЩͲˡ
Ҳվڱš
ּܷõģҲΪּܹҶģȻζ˿ʼֲڣһߣһͣǾãáǽ裬Ͳ̫ϲɻδʳֵҲǱˡ
ȻּҵĻּҵĻʳӦûЩʱǷԸ£ǿɾȻˡ
Ͼǳġ
ȫ˶
𲻾ЩԻǷ˵ĺá
˶࣬Ҳ˵Ҳû˶ֻվԺ̫̫Էּҵķ䡣ĽԭԤҪãּҸǷʳʡŵҲǳŵڶ꣬ӡ
˵ʵֱš
˵ֵ٣еһëλǶࡣ
һľȣ̫̫ĵ϶ô˵ҲҵĺӣеĲԼӵģǰֻܸɣԾǶһ㣬Ͼʮָͷг̣ƫһЩɵϣôĿˡ
˵ٺֶĿҲֻﷸֹ
Żʳء
˼ңҲɢˡ
ϺûߣּҺףҲǶˡ
ȻҪæˡ
ּǵķʱסģܵܶȸԾҪ뿪طԷ֮󣬾峤˵ˣѴһƾɷӸס΢һͺãҲô˿顣ǵȥǱʰʰа©ĵطҲòС
ϸϺֹ㸣һ˵ص£пʲôܸ͹
ϾּҺ󣬹ڸּҾߣȫûϺֹ㸣ֵġ
һأл˵ˡ
ȿ˿ڣǼڷּˣԺӾҪЩˣٲԱֵˡ
šĵͷ
ʵͦˣеɬΪּҲζţ¿Գˡ
ʱҲ΢΢Щڡ
ǻϲģҲڿŻ⣺ʲôʱᵽȥ
Ҿ߶ûŪãҪЩеʱƻҪһҰɣǵ£ŴҶڴֱڴٰ֮ᵽȥõʱ򲻷㡣
ʶˣҪڴڴȻõġ
ŶͷӦһġ
ҲеţǼҪʲôΪѵĵطԸ˵ܰ쵽Ļ԰㡣ҶһˣҲ̫
ۣӦȴ׼
¶ָ˵ġ
˵طǰõͷӣֱϵܸһ¡Լܵʱ뵽ģ޷ӿ϶㣬ֱǷַӵ¡
ߴķӣģûʲôש߷
ɲǿ
룬ô˵棬ɲңɨʰ
޲ǽ£޵ģ֤һķʵ׾͵һ
һ죬ڴĵ˵İ£ļҵķӣܿʰסˡ

32
޺,һҰ㶼ûֱӾͰȥˡ
Щּҵӿɲù̫̫Ҳͷּǰά,˵õļʱԸס,,ʵϸ䳰ȷûͣԭЩжּ컰ֹ㸣ֱָŪˡ
¼֮ȻǴȱġ
Ϻֹ㸣ֹҪʲôǵľٶȻȷʵҪ,Ƕ˵̫,ԺֲȫѴķ,żܻסģЩõ,ԺͲˡҽǼҸҪ޽ңǼұͱҪǿ㣬úӼ޽ҿôֱͦ塣
ֻʱü,ľȥˡ
ֹ㸣ҲĥȥɽϴԣЩӡ
ΪѾ,ڴ֮һжò,ּҵõ,һЩũ߻мȱĶ֮󣬾ԽˡϳҪ,˻׼һӵױ
Щˡ
˵֮󣬾ӧҲֶһȥɡ
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ЦҡҡͷϴҲǸһȥģҵıӦ֪ﶼͬҸһɽȥͷİɡתЩ˵ġ
ϾʱԼĿռһЩˮԣΪ˲ǵȥɽժЩȻչһԼʵ
ô˵ֹ㸣ܾĶʵҲӦˣ
šͷ
ֹ㸣Ҳ϶СжչˣﶼĿõģȻ϶ܷˣ˵ȷʵûġϴκɽ㶼׷۵ģһǲȴûһ¡
Լã壬ԤеĿҪò١
˾ˣʱɽȥ𻹱ҩɽϣ˿Ը֮⣬ǻ塣
ֻ󲿷ֶֹ㸣ԼɵģҪǸŷֹ£ŵԼ˵İȫȻҪҲֵĻֹ㸣˽⣬Щ϶÷ˣͺҪˡ
ȱӣҽݿҵ֮Ҳ½½ӡ
ȣּڸҪǮ
ÿҲû֣ٵҲЩʱֹ㸣ҲһЩٵҲͽˡ
ֹ㸣⼸⣬඼õȥˣҲ΢˵ԣЩڣﻹǷɽԡ̫̫۾Ǳߣǲߣ֪ԼԳԳԣҲһЩҾ֪϶ҾǸТģ
ʵֹ㸣ϵȻǲȫ̫̫ġ
ϾֻǷּңֲǶס
ڵһʱϾͶ˲һȥֻ̫̫ӵģּ˲ûСҲǷ˼֮΢ǿӲһˣﴦҪӣ֮ǰ޷ӣ嶼˹æ󷿺ȴûС
ﵽҲ
ǰǲֻ̣ڷּҳҪԼ˭ƺҲܻ֮󣬺Ҳûʲôʧĸˡ
ϴԣһȷʵıǰøģϵĵҲеˡ
ȻˣҪҲΪﶼҪȥԼҲûô⡣
ȱӣĸӻԵҲܸһӣӾֻüױ΢ٴһ㣬Ͳȥɽˡֹ㸣ǰѧ˴ԣֹ̫̫㸣ɽԴһֹ㸣Ұ׷ˣҲ״˾Ųȥˡ
ֻʱȥӶŻʵʵֵؾͺá
ҵũеʱȥϴ㹤ܻԽԽġ
ֹ㸣æŴԣæŰӱϵĿյʰЩȥҲûš
Լļ¡
ڹּʱֻڣ˹ȥһۿ֮󣬻Щȣ㻹壿
̧ۿ΢죬ǿ򶨵˵ԣСʱѧ˵㡣
ţڼǰڸӶܳһˣ˶֣һôˣѧ壬ӦҪһȡˡ
űӦòߵˣ޵ɷǴһϴġ
һӡ
ڶʱɷ;ѣһŮ˴źӡ
ƾԼı£һ˴˺ӡ
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ŵĴȷʵܺãӣܶ˶Ѻ͹ȥѧաֱѶӹȥˣһ˴ڴ˿ڣӦˡ
ȻҪѧѵġ
ּҵʱֻ׼һȥѧѧѲһ棬صҲ̫̫ѹûҪˡ󷿵ʱһŮӶŮŮһҲ⡣
ҲͶֻһûʲô顣
ͬ⡣
ʱѾˣΪּӵѹ֣ƴҪԼһ·ƾԼһ˾Ǯ˶ӣһڴ۲ʶԼһᣬҪܹѧĻԺͿԼǮˡ
ǴŸĸ뿪ּңҲһ֮Լ
ʱͷҪԼҲҪѧ±̫̫һһ׵ϸˣҲɿڡ
ȥϸɿǮȥɽϴãọ̈̄ƾʲôȥѧأ
ԵģҲһӡ
Ϊڵ̫Ϻֹ㸣ͲסһȥӶڿ֣̫̫ջǴӦ
ЩȵĿźɫϾ·Ա㵱ѧĺܺá
šЩϧĵʱʵѧͦõģֻǵʱЩˣƽʱҪɻʱܹϰĸűԶˡ
Լֲ֣ڵ֣ܹôϸˡ
̫̫ȥ֣ѧ壬ҲΪԺҸ˼Ҽ޽ȥ׼ȻʱѾˣǲǰЩС˼
һȥѧ壬ͲܹģҲ֪ŵı´Ҳѧš
ģҲѧһЩֻǣĲ̫ˡ
һʼĽȾͱ죬ҲǸЦģô佱ˣҲһԶԱƺ̫ԡǵȵһŶƫͷǳˣż̲סȥҲࡣ
ͲԸˣ͸ڡ
Ҳ˿õġ
ԺҲûĿŵĿˣôҲά˱ϵƽ
ҲǹעģڷԼһֱûʲôȴԽѧԽ֮ɴͲȥѧˡһߣٲԸ̫̫Ҳѧˡ
ؿɾͲôܽˡ
Ҳ࣬ҪһʱڼϰͲܣҲڸũ֮£ôֲգƺҲˡ
ʵϲ壿
šͷʼֻ׬ǮǺĺϲˣֻҪһʼ壬ͱķǳҪһЩЩƯ·
˼ĵͷȻĻ԰Ժ·һˡ
лҪ˵
СӦþǸ֣Ư·֮ġһЩԼͷ·ģĳƯװÿ֮ǰעһĲ÷up÷һʲô·˶Ŀӣܷ첹Ľ֣ȫ˿ΥͣͼҲÿر

33
ھ鵱,ӦǴ̼̫һֱȥʲô,Ҫʲô
ȻҲȷʵŪ˲ٵĶ,ȫ
ϾʳĻĲ,ƳƷҲѸ٣ǶǼǧǻ۽ᾧô׾ȫ㶨ˡ
һϣܹĿĵ,ȻԷϲ壬ôβԼóķӪ,αطǵȥŪ,ȻȷʵҲܸ˺ܶ鷳վҲûּ֡
룬Ҳֻһ,Ҳȷյ׻᲻ġ
Ͼʱ䣬ּǱѾжˣٹãּҾͻȥϰ̯,ʳˮƽӦò⡣ǲ֪ʱ,ķӦΡ
ϾּҵִǺġ
⡣
ôΪ󱳵ţҪ,̫ܲġ
ЩδԺ,ӻͳСӣˣġ
ӹʲô
һ,ɫĸ壬ζ
˵һͿϵģһǲϵģֻ֬һ˼֮ǰֵҩʱһ΢ͿһԣҪǲĻͿֱˡⶫȷʵ֮ǰоġ
ʱߵ򻹺ȣǵȹһʱ䣬Ͼͻήʱ䵽С
֣;𶳴Ūܡ
ԼΧ֮ڣȻˣԾ͸˻ֵҩࡣȻͬʱҲ˳˻ģϾоõģ͸ȫˡ
ҵʱҲԷҩȥ
ݣġ
õĲһ䷽ϾͲҪȻһ֬õҩʱаܵУĶһҪЧЩ
Ҳȷ֮󣬲ͻȻ鵱Уͦòģдò֮󣬻дʵдԱòȵȡ
Ÿ͹
ܿóǺÿģǺЩҲСն̫ڵͷæȻıȲϣͦɹڵġֻҪٰƤף˵Ĺʾͻһ¶һ˵ˡ
Сӣ̽ԵŪһպֱϡ
֪ⶫϵĺ̫࣬൱ġ
ΪһСûǲںԼģв֬ģÿԷģƤҲףǰΪδмޣĻԱȡ
ҲЩرĿ
ֻ˵˵ҲûãһСӵĶɹأҲûС
СĵͿĨֱϣܾҪ˶ãԼҲӵаװ۵Ƥȥϸۣܱһˣ
֮ܶԻƷĹЧһ̬ȡ
Դӷּ֮ͶףŶڵʵʵĵ̫׵ʱܹ˸ϲֻʱж̣ûʲôЧⶫʱ
ЦݲõĵлҺϲ
ϲͺá
һҲûʱдˣ׵ʱµøϿòС
˵Ż͵ͷһһµģǳĿ졣
ô˽ֻһĻá
֮ʱҸ϶͹ȥƸ֮ǰֹѪҩѾˣҲɲ٣Ƹû̫񣬵ҲǶŴȽ϶һ֡
ֱӸ˶ʮһЩƷ
ĿҵļҾ˵ʲô
Ҳֻ̾϶ҲǿྡˣС˸˼ҡ
ּΪ˺Щ졣
̫̫ƣ֪ӺùõƸ֮ٷּҵģʱҲͿˡֻϧһʱ˵Ķסˣû뵽Щ
ҲģǿǶʮǸԣģҲʮһ㶼Ǽ¡
ӣİ
ӱƲϵĶˣǾ͸ˡ
ǲΪȻЩʲô±˵ζҲԹˣҺӣʱһǮȻҲˡ
αذͰ͵Ŀӣҳ綼Ứġ
ȴûô룺ӹŶѹ׵ģҪСڶڿҽˣԺͬǮʱǱҲù
һɡ
Ǹ˿ѣǣæȫζ
ֻҪһ뵽ʹʹ˹ģδ򣬶ҵֻܼ޸һ֮ˣ˵иӵͷɶҲòÿﵹģֻôþˡ
ҪһֱţܹȥָŹ˳ıһˡ
Ĭһ£Ҳû֪ҽǺܲģǸھ˵ģƾ˶ȥ˿õ˲ٵĹϵ
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ΪͬһԴҶһתţֵĲС
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߹ȥƿ˸ͷߺһ֣ɬĴͷ
һ˿ȣŴ¹ȥҪ˵һӱʲôɴҲ˵ϣȷʵҪƯЩˣһۿȥиСǾûġǶԷ˫۾֮ǰڣһ
ֻȾɬΪĶˡ
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ǲ֪ЧôãϾԼûãģ˻ֵȽ֮⣬Ķ̫ࡣ»Ҫֵʱ򣬶ûãûһ¸Ū̫
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ģҲֻΪڽ˱׿Ҳ
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׵ʱԼġ
ڵԼ䲻϶Է
ҲһЩæû£ھѾÿˡ
Һϲ
лҪ˵
СԤ

34
ƶζĻһ˵,ȫû˼ʲô߰ˣﶼ
ɬЦݣӳűĺ,ɫһĨĶľޡ
,ա
,оԼնЩ̣ҲЩ˸̫ҸӣִŵûƿĿ⡣Цһ,ȥһ£̧ͷȺȽưɡ
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ǣ,һжնԷָʾȥ
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ЦˣǸ󱦱
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ŴӼеͣȥѴߵ·ùһݸ
ллӹ·
֮ǰĵˣҲ˼ȥˡ
Щ鲻룬һͱˡ
˴ȶЩһЩطеۣʵĨ׵ҩģֻǵҩʱҲûõֵطõĶͨҩݣԼЧҲûô졣
״˵ҹЩӸЧõҩ࣬ĨһϾͺˣԺͲôˡ

ȻǺϲ𣬵˿Ҳġ
Ӵ𴲿ʼϵ¶Ⱦûȥ
ϴƷ׼˵ģҲڹŵģȥϴͰ˵ϡ
ǳ֮ǰҲûнӴ̫࣬ȻԶԷϲģһ߳Ĺ˵׻е㲻ڵģҲ֪˵Щʲô
һ죬ûȥˣǼҩݣԱ߿ţʱʱʼ䡣
һʱ֮˵׽ࡣ
ϵ˻ʱѾһˡ
ԹԵĵſڣˣ硣
áЦеȥָ˵Ż
ſ϶ڵѾѷˣԿˡ
УǾͿɡ
ҳԷһֵģһԳԷˣȥ˷˲˹Ҳæš
ʵЩţΪƺûʲôôһⷽ棬Ĳּ࣬ҵʱ򣬷̫̫ôʵ˶͵ԣšŵˣȻǲܷˡ
ʱ١
ٷָ²ġ
Ҳû뵽һҲҵǢ˽Խ࣬ԽʲôԼ䲻ôõĵط
˷֮϶ֿ䣬ҲܸӣԽľˣ˵ʵû٣ҵġ
ϵ˭̵ģֻҪˣˣѾܺˡ
Һּý֪ܲľ֪ܸڿˣȻΪ˼Ҳн⡣֮ô䣬һǿ˹ϲҲҪţһȫҶǻӭ̬ȡ
˸ˡ
ûٶ䣬ת顣
Ҷʱʱ˵
ûٿעˣһЩ

35
֮ȥ,ܿ͵ŵʱˡ
ϸ׼񣬴ʳϸǴˡһ,һ͵϶Ǽˡ
Сȿ,˹ס,ĺŸ硣
ί˵֮ǰȥģﲻȥ
ô뿴һӾܿġ
ҪҲǲͷȥңҶ
ͷ,Ǵ˺óԵģҪҪԣ
ҪСӦá
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⻰ֹ㸣ˣȥ,ļױˣҲЩǮͲȥɽˣҲΣյĺܣ,Ҳȥһϸʲô,ʱҲˡ
šЦŵͷûкֹ㸣ȥǶԵ,ԺҪȥĻ,ͽһ𡣡
죬绹ּҳ˷,Żȥ
ȥ֮ǰᵽ¾Ͳˣڶ죬ѶϰᣬһˣڰҪߵȫˡȫҵĴҲһסķ䣬δ˶ȥֱӷġ
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һǿźӱߵһӡ
˵羰Ǻܺˡ
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νһס뷨ִʱСһ㶼ǲͳסһģһ㣬Ҳ֪϶СԼסһһЩ
ʱûа취ֱͥܳȥһס
Ͼĸ͸綼ûʲôԲĵط˼ҶôãҲܿΪ˳ȥסȥͼַ
Աǰ˵һ£Ҳи׼
ĻֻܾڿƿϼӿһЩˡ
ʵûô࣬΢΢Щ˵סڼͦõİ˶Ҳ֣ûʲô⡣ּҵʮ꣬߼ֱɾˡ
϶ͦõģ츸ʹ綼ô˵̬Ҳܿûﲻá
ϲˣҲлڼ˵һµģϼֻиϲķݣﻹʲôìܡ
Ҳڡ
𣺡
һı飬ȷʵ˿ûǿġ
ðɣ̫ˡ
ѹûʲô³˵죬߲ϲʹ˼ҲʹûʲôϴĻȫƸǴҿˣпվֱˣǵüƽ˭ٵġȫҶֻϲ帣ʲôɵˡ
ͦá
ôţҲЩˣһŵʱǿԹأʱԱ㣬ñˣȻ㲻ĻǾ˰ɡ
һ㶣ץסĸ첲ҡûв롣
Ҿû뵽Щ
Ͼ˭ϱ˻ûĥҪּסǼֱǲТֲʲô˼ҳģ顣ּּңѾΪˡ
ǣ˵ǡҲܺð
ͲЩãװȫһֱһ
һЦ˳ˣˣжû꣬ȥɡ
ҪĶ֮ǰǶʱǶŶˣżȱ©ģҲⲻ󣬰󣬾ֱӿˡ
סĵطⲻעصǷԼҽǱߵġ
ѰĶźãʹһҽݡ
ҽݵĲװһƺõģҲû̫񣬿ǱȽģ˸оȽϷɡǼҵľֹһңҽҪĹӡεȣǽһľ̵ġ
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ĶѾȫˡ
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˶ԼĻɣֻһʲôᡣ
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𵱼ֻ꣬͵̶ֳˣСǺ츳ģӦҲǾôġ
ĬȻȷʵ˵츳ڡ
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ôˡ
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Ĳ˵ǼǮǲȱģ㲻õⷽ棬ҪãǰڵͶǺбҪģһӾ͵ˡ
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áӦҲǸˡ
ϲϲ£Ϊִȥǿϲġ

36
Ȼ˵ԺҪϰա·,ǰǵЩҩļ۸ЧҲżˡ
ϵԸᣬ̫ϰߺ˶ԻӴûⷽ,Ծһ,Ժ˵ҲðæϾҲϵĳ,ԺĿյҽҪˣҲöȥ
ġ
൱ϲ,иԱ߰ţҲʱų
ڶ,ѡ˸ʱ,˱ڣҽҲʽҵˡ
ϷŸҽݡңűϻ˸ʾ,ʾĶһЩƸֳëĳƷҩ裬ֱˮ¼ɣѰҪƵҩ̫һ
ʾ˵ע⡣
лֵ˱ӵŶ˳
һﶼܺ档
ҩѺȣҶģĻ,Ǽ۸Ϻܶࣿ
˭ɵ
ôõĶȫǶһݵ,۸
һߵȱڽ˹ע,չ˵⻰,λҩǻѰҪϼǮ,Ҳ̫ࡣ
Ҳûͱҽһۡ
ȻĻҲ̫ˡ
ҽݻҪҪˣ
ҩҪԼŪģ̫ĻҲ鷳
ֻԣճΪǮûרע׬ǮҲΪ̫ûˣҲиЩ˼ҵģǴ᲻ã漰СҲ᲻úӳԿˡ
ңҩãεĸַҲȽСҳĴõġ
ҲʲôǮҿ϶ǻ֬࣬ҿ϶һᱻҪġ
СճҪϡ
ļĸߣһƿͲܶһµĻˡ
ɵҩ赽ûôðȥûʲôЧɣҲ̫ˡ
о̫׵Ӱ
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˭
Ƕ֪СϴСͽܣܱ߼壬ȫϴ򡣡
ܱߴﲢƵȻС͸ϴѧҽΪϴ򲢲ȥֻżȥһˡˣЩˣȥƵЩˡ
Ժܶӵˣ֪ġ
ĸӵ˵ϸϼպþϳˡ
ų͢Щ겻ϵǨ˿ڣϵ˱Ƕģȫ֪ϴҪڸϤһЩϴʱһߴ²ŻҲǳеġרžǵһЩƧĵطȥ𲡵˿
Ȼʶ˲࣬ҲмǵĳҲΧ֪ҽݵĴȷʵƭ˵ġ
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ôһ˵಻֪ˣҲ˲еӡˡ
ϵˣȻҲ˵ÿ¶¡
ԭǰ
֮ǰȥء

Ⱥ֪ӦûʲôˣֶһԼҽݶʲôҩʲôνġ̵ġؽʹġֽƤѵģ̴ĵȵȡ
ţн˼ֵġ
һյĲ˲̫࣬඼ڹڣ԰õѾվȽŸҽݣڱɫȵȶǧǲϤģᵽһ㶼ȥǼҽ
ҲȥһЩڿա
еŮӻ껹СƿĻװ
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ҵķҵˣʮ꣬Ǹţ֮ǰǿ˽ӵģ̵ѧкüţ˾٣ڸҲЩ
ֵôõķӣӦòڵɣ
츸˿ˮӾУÿʮ
𣺡
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ˣܹ̳˵ķӣӦҲܻӭɡ
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󲿷˶϶Ǹԣͥģ΢ùһ㣬˭Ըⱳط
߿֮ء
ɲ̫á
츸Щ˳ĿûǼҶ࣬һýһȺѧУѾ˵Ƿӻ׼ϿֻһʡЩǰҲ˵ˣصǽ㣬ᵢЩģϿҲֻǿٻ飬ܸһ㡣
˵ףǽ̳ˣӱǸš
ǮģȻǸԸѺ͵˵˽ȥ
Ͼ˭̵֪ĺã˼ѧ㹻츳ء
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Щ᣺Ҳ̫˰ɡ
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ǮĻ˼ôԸܵ
ѹû˽ӡ
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˫ԼϿεʱ䣬ӽܵĺܺãʱ˿
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ǵʱּǱҲ̫֡
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ȵشʱ򣬲˵¡
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Ϊôء
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˵˸ȥˣܵҲһ
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ϴûãϴѧһ죬ȻҪеϵְ
ǰʱҪϴʰʰӣȥϣȻҲ⡣
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ӵģܶ˶ῳ˵ȥ
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ˣõЩҩӻûÿͳһţܲ塣

37
ֹ㸣϶֪ж,ұ˶ǺãǺ޲üӱˡ
ˣ˼ҵԼĸ,Ҳ͸ٺһЩˡ
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ǺЩȥ,죬ϻʱ,һ
ŵһЩϤζ
ʵ,õʲôôͦģĸ̯ĺóԵģ
Ǽڰᵽ֮,ӹûͦġ
ΪЩǮҽȻʱûһ׬ܶǮҲ½½ȥһҩƷ
ϸľ;ϹţҪʲôóԵģ͸Ǵ
ʵҪǸΪȻסϣǶǻԵģ羭
ϵʵ֪ⶫ˭𣿡
Щɻ󣺡˭ѽ
һ²µˣûֱ˵ڣǿԼס
ҲûӣѴ˵˳ּҵ
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ʵ벻ּͨʲôµϰ̯ġ
ϵȥһѶ棺ҪԷˣǶʲôζ
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ʵǵô
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ܵ˵϶е׬ⷽҪ¥϶һٵ֣ͿԸԸˡ
ң˵֮⣬ǻһرõĶ
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ı顭е㲻ô˵
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𷴵뵽ǻˮˡ
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˵εԭûԽһ
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ʣҲûʳȻ˶ǺԻģ˵ҪǾԣСķӵǲǶԵİɡ
£ǾͲҪκ˵ȥˡ
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ϵͷͬҽҲûˣǸɴһжˡ

38
֪ķȷ,һ͸ŪЩɳ
Ц㳢ô
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̾˿ܺóԡ
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ͬҲһţǾ͵Ժ󱻷˵ɣϲЩ֮˵ȥＸ˼ģӦԼԲȥ
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ĶãʲôҲһ
˵ָڸӣҲûʲôõġ
ⷽҲᣬôͲȥˣֻܲǴеõôɡŰƱķֱȥӺܼ򵥣Ѱ˭ԣʺߵ򡣡
Ǹ±ķӣ¥ɣҲ֣Ǽľ¥һΣ˷֮ЩҲĸá
ĻҲּܴҵ⡣
Ͼ±⣬۲ˣҲͲģⶫҼһҪóԣףû̯֪ƱͲһˣĻּҴ׬Ŀ²١
ⷨӼ򵥣߸ˮҲ࣬ԼŪҲȱԭϡ
Ȱȵ˵ԼĴ㣬ҲԾ¶Цţڳ޵УȻһٺòˡ
ŲҪּҶһǮ־ڶһ磬ʹߴϽж
׼Լ
Ͼʱ˭֪̫̫᲻ǰôģҲˡ
Ϻֹ㸣ڴסأô۸
һ˿ڣ磬мҪ鷳һ¡
ɭɻʲô£
Ͱ¸˵ˣҾ¥һݷӣǰ˵۸񶼺˵һҪ󡣡
츸̲סʵ֪ⷽӣ
šҪǲĻʱּǱȥˣΪǿá
СɭӦĺʹ죬ҲûҪѶֻҵĲҵ֮ġ
ûټ׷ȥҲ˿ҪԸ׺͸統ѣﻹеȥ
ﻹ֪࣡
Ƕķģ̾ʶģй¶ȥٺʲˡ
дµķӽ˴磬˾ͽ£һȥҽ׼ˡ
ǱߣҽҲûʲôˡ
һȲϳҽݵģ˼ȥͼշӦûһ㣬ҽݣüһһЩ
ҲֻҩƷʵģд˷ӣȥҽץҩˡ
ҽݺԱ߶С䣬д˸ʾʾ֢ģҽôӵʹʱҽѧչȲִЩһǾǾ֢
βãܣҩκõġ
ûлָ֮ǰСͲҲھоģˣҲҪ˷ˡѰɹ浽֢ͷˣû˻ġ
κõĲΣ͸һЩеˣϣɡ
гһգܹطزˣҲֻܰĵ
ոһյҽľҲƣȴɲò֢תüҲʹൣǣȴʲôסʣµֻʹ
Ҫеòˣҩҽ·Ѱ
д˸ʾ˽ȥߡ
ֻҪ˿ȥܻĸġ
ʱҪβģҲȻͻҹ
ûãķҲˡ
Сţ飬Ӳ쿴յĿҵ
һжɡ

39
һҹ֮,ˡ
ּվԼ棬ȺЩͷ,̧ͷ,,Ҳû갡ɹ˻ȵûš
ǣʱˣôûǵĶ
Ҳ,ҲһСݵ֣ܶ˶
ôûأ
üͷ,˵,òӻλˣЩһʱҲɣ
ԭֻŪ˸۵ӣ·߰⡣
վǳ֮
ڷͦ׬Ǯ֮,ּҾһ档
ҲʼģֻǲȷܲУȰ̯ʵһ£ϾҪٵǮйУٻԩǮǺбҪġ
,ǻĵһ졣
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û̫,ôһ˵̫̫Ҳòԡ
Ҳʶܳˡ
̫̫˵Уȥǰ濴ôˣǾš
áϴӦ
ҲһӦ͡
̫̫˵ͽĳȥˣٴλʱǺڵģһˡ
һæʵôˣ
ѲЩ¥˸鷳ˣ
±ͱҲ˺Щˣ֮ǰҹǣҪѷӸȥǸļԾͺһ㡣ҲûӦҲѷȥ
ϾǴⷢ¸ģˣһأ¸أ
ܲÿɡ
Ļ죬ǳҲǻϵģҲֻѡˮˡ
Ҳ벻⵽ǳʲô£ȻܹǺ£ûˡ
ֻ̫̫˵ҿ֮ǰǰ̯ǱߣȫǸɳֱˮ̯ӡ
۸񶼻ܵ͡
Ͷˡ
Ȼ˵ļ۵ֻͣԵģⶫȫۣ򲻵ֶּֽ̤ʵصģȻĹЩǮŸá
ҲӰţ΢һЩۡ
ıĲܸߣ̯Ҳͬ׬
Щ˿ɱּЩ̤ʵˣ׬һҲ
ʯǿԷõģҲͳˮȫûʲôɱһ࣬۸Ҳ߲
𾪲ѣôܣ
һѣôһӾֶˡ
ȷţǻڰ̯ʱ򣬾ͻֻһЩ
Ǿ¥鷳ҲذѷӴĵǰɡ
ϵһʱ뵽òǴɩǰѷӸй¶ȥ˰ɣ
Ҳпܣɩ֮ǰڴⷽӵʲôһ᲻ĵĿˣ
ʱ̫̫Ҳͷˡ
֮ԲϴҲһֳȥΪһ˶Ҫϴңи֪ӵĵС
̰;ϡ
Ҳ±⻹Ʊ̫ۣкܶǮܹʱס˼
ϴһٳʱ򣬻׵ˡ
̫̫Щˣ̫İѷһʼô֪ˣϾϱҲҵģ֪᲻Щ˵ˡʱҶ⣬ȻֻҪž룬ͬе׬̫̫ǿɲԸѺôֳȥ
˵ˣ˭ܱ֤ǱߵҾסˡ
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Ҳԡ
ҲӦˡ
ôǵĻò˭гɣ
Ժֳ︡һ
ת˲ִ뷨ֲǴԽģôҲƱķ
˵ⷨʷҲеģֻǲĸˣòھѾ˰ɣô˵Īı﷢أȻΪ˱ǣʹ˳ȥ
пܡ
Ͼϲö飬ƾٵ·ߣҪһСı﷢Ҳ
ҲûţĶأЦŰο̫̫̣Ҳû£ɣⲻǻ±˵ЩˣҲǮο
̫̫ɫû˿ĺתûѻ˵꣬Ϳˣ֮ǰôȷһ±ûг⣬ȻҾȥϵľ¥
ǱߵСںţ¥ƳƷ±ˡ
ӣҲ̲סЩˡ
ôᡣ
±⣬ǵһ𣿡
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˲Ҳ˲ٰοֱ̫̫Ӿߣҳȥһˡ
ȥʲô˴󾪡
Ҳ˲Լˣǵǡ
ܲ¡
ٵû£Һܿͻ
̫̫׷ϣֻͣԭء
Ⱥڿֱ
֪ҽݿںδģط˾ۣҲ̫̫Ҳĵ
ûãҽݴ
ֱӳ˽ȥ
ڹֻ̨ţ̧ͷ˹ȥϢŻҵһ¡֪Էģվһ䣺ʲô𣿡
ϣûаҲͻˡ
ʷݼӳ֣ʵҲûл
ʵɵģ˴Խˡ
ȻĻνƱķһӾֶ֪±ķӾ¥Ҳ֪ˣ˼¥Ļֹһ±⡣
ʵ벻˭˺
Щӣȫȫ
ɤЩĿڣأ
üʲô˼һôãѲǶĳ
ûκȴɵһʱ仳ɵߣ
ЩҪ
ȴԸҪָʱʲôɹʲôնݳһһӵı˶Щ
ӲĵҲ֮仹ʲô˵ģʲô£ֱӸҲͿˡ
ûʲôԣϾ˫ĹϵȷʵãСͷ
ǰЩʱ顣
̬Ⱥ
ȻľôȥȲҪȷһ⵽ô£ϣѵֹһԽߣ

40
˵Ż,ͳˡ
⣬ɫһ¾ͱѿˣǰ,еʵʲô
֪Լеĳֵô,ȻǰѷӸȥ,Ҳֱ׳ġ
Ҵ֣ᷢ¸йء
һȵһӦ϶ģ
ȻͻȻ
ҹϵ,ɱ˵ҽݿġ
ǰʱͲ˴ĸ,ҲĲԸ,ǿоȥ𣬰˼ҷĲС
ھѾˣ,ó¡
ԲԽ࣬ԽԽԽƣҺѾˣڸܺãȰûҪ,Ǵǰڣûϲ,Ͳ׷ˡ
㲻ҪҲҪҲ,Ҫ޷,ǿ峤һҸϳȥġ
̫ݵĻ峤ȷʵǿ԰Ǹϳȥ,ּȢǨƹˡ
ұּҵλɲһ
˼ҵүүҵˡ
˵Խ࣬ɫӻָ侲ˣϾҲʵ󲻳ǸԽߣԷΪʲô˵һԡ
ڼԺ˿ûд˿϶.ġ
ǷľҲǾˡ
Եȵ˵꣬͵ĵͷ֪ˡ
Ȼת뿪
㶵ĿŷǱʧıӰоĪʲôģ
ۣһЦ˳
ʵǰϷڹȥû뵽ԷѹûԼտ˶Է£ȫ֮ЩĹϵ
ܹʲôҲ˹ˡ
Ц֮󣬲ŰԼĲ²˵˳ӦþΪġ
ŷӦʲôûʰôˣ
ոˣҲӰ׷
Ȼﲻϲͦģô޶ԷģҲԼһˡҲˣȥ
ѲɵǾвˣ
Щ벻ͨ
ףǷδֻȷһǲͬΪԽߵˣԷӱȴûر⣬ûӣȻġȷǣȻͷˡ
ҽݣҲȷʵָƽ
ԽǰֻǸͨˣԽҲȷʵʳ֪飬Щ޿֡ģ֪һԽҲᣬһڿ֮һӦ뵽Ȼе¡
ΪҲּĹϵжΡ
ͬΪһֵܣһ˴Сȴ౻һ˵ʹ
Ҳ͹ˡ
ο֮ǰ֣֪ĺ޵ġ
һСıͿԿǸˡ
ˣһԽߣܵľ͸еţһǴԽҪԭأռ˼ҵԸ֮ġûüԼȲҪȷ顣
ҲԼ¶̫ԣϾԷǴԽߣѾµݡ
װҲûá
෴ôȥʣήͶԷľ裬ɹʳԷݵĿԻһЩ
ȻҪȫﲻס
ڣվ£ţͻȻЩãȻȻǴԽߵĻֻ˭أ
ͻȻðķӣǿֻǸԽ߼Ȳ뱩¶ݣ׬ǮԺԸȥˣԾΪǿأ
ΪʲôҪƱĵأ
УǸ˻ĵж٣
òʳ˼Ҳȫɣ
뵽ܣɵô˸ԼӦòܣִᣬô˻ҲΪԸϲЩ˲ƵŻĲ١
һ·˼ֿܣߡ
ҲˣǮҲˣΪһɵĴԽߵĴڣֱ˻ȥ˵ˣ˭Ķ໹һأͲˣǸѲеĶܸƳ
ȷʵܸƵģֹˣиĸõζ
ȴû
ûо̫ôͻȻˣһǸǱģͳࡣһָʹˣҲ˽졣
ʵӣòҲͻȻ֮䣬ԼЩɣ
˵ţʯ֮䣬ͻȻ뵽˵ǵķּҡ
ʱΪ̫̫벻ָκζÿֻܶӣʳһݵĽѵּҷּңʵǸһȽƫķּҡ
ӣʳ
ֱⲻˡ
ǵʱӶǶԷּҵϲãûʶⱳŵ⡣Ҫ֪һңּҸɻ
ĪķֳȥֵĶһ·
ֱǲ˼鰡
̫̫ôܻǶ
һ˲Ȼķּҵġ
Ϊʲô
ֻʱѾõʳף֪ƾʳ׬ӣԲȲİǸϳȥռһˡ
Դ֮ǰʼͷЩˣûôʹˣҲһᣬһַ·͸һеı鿴һ˵ĸ߸ϸСڼҲżЩˣ˵ˮƽֱ̫̫Ҳű
ֱǻ˸һ㡣
̶ֻɡ
ˣƺҲеںˣָ̫̫һЩӦҲΪɡ
Ҳһ˵ˣ֪ȥȻǶģȷʵпܡ
Ҳ϶ˣҲû̫࣬ϾӹĺܺãҲ̤̤ʵʵġ
ˣּ֪ȫˣҲʲôƽġ
ֻ΢΢ЩԹҲ֪ж٣Ҫ֮ˣֱӰѷóȥˣǾûʲô˼ˡ
ǲԸܴ󸻴ġ
˵꣬Ҳܿת˻⣬Լһֱ¡
ʱ佥Ĺȥǰ¸սһ㣬ȻѸײڶ֮ƣѸٵľͽˣмĹʱٵĿ
ڶطҶ׼ġ
ǰ˺ӣ¯Ҳյϵ·֮ǰģϾͺů͡
ϸѣۣܸܵ¶ȱĸˡ
ǵıѻͦů͵ġ
ƫͷһڴߵ̿ѾϨˡ
ԴĴԼļƿ׼ȥѹˣȴ⣺Ҫ𣿡
šɻҰ̿
طʵ̫ˣһӱͶ˴£ȻϾˣʵʺܺáһСһɲá
ԹԵá
۾һֱ˳Ķȫƿġ
Ҹ
̿պã¶΢Щˣûǵıж˶ֻһֻë޵ĳëèԲģ൱ɿɰһͷëӱ˳
Ȼ̿ǰžͲˡ
£Ȼڻﵱůֵˡ
ֻèǰʱǼģŶҪë޵ԭ򣬾ؼˡ
·ʰã¥ˣ˳̿Ҳȥ

41
¯,յʢԱůͶˡ
ϴ꣬һ˷,˸ʵĳˡ
ҽ,ȥ˻,ѻյģһŹ̨һͷӶķ䡣ǰЩʱ˺̣ܶѵ,쿾Ҳûʲô⡣
Ūã˻,潥Ҳ,ͷſ˼ˡ
⼸ˣ൱Ϥ
Ͼǰ죬ȥԷڵĴǱ,һʶļסЩ˵ĳࡣ
ھ鵱УΪǵĶ飬Ϊԭ趨УǺǹһ·۷ˡԣھ,ûкܿȥڻĶ,ҪԴһ·ͣĺԡ
оǣһЩܵ¹,ǲɡ
ԭ趨,ͬҲǻҽģܲ,δԭΪһܳļܡ
ܣھǰڣˡ
֮ԻᱻٵԭΪſڽļˡ
ˣ𲢲ͬһӵˡ
һǴԶĴ䡣
ͬǵͷ֮һˡ
ؽ磬һĵͷΪңҡܼҺ֣ҡ
Ϊ󣬵ͬʱҲ໥ƺš
Ȼ˺ܼ֧ûʲôϵֻͨմ
һӣƽվڸҹ˲ֱڸһҽݿ˲ⲡȴˡΪڵë˭ûе£˲ȡҩͻؼˡ
ĳ룬ⲡȻԽԽء
˱ŶҵǼҽȥҽŷ֣ϴˡ
ⲡϵ̫ãѾˡ
ʵֲǰڷˣʱҲܹκá
鴫ȥ֮󣬶һҽ˵ӰǾ޴ģΪ飬ҽݾ͸һʷڷѡұҽݱҲС֮£ֲ磬ҲκãҲͬˡ
ӻ˼ңҲû顣
ϴ򵽸˿һ¾ͿʵʵĲ˵ĲһҲͰָʾⶼѾ̶ˣҲûˡ
£֪ˣϴٴָ֮ȴðһ뷨
ϴٿһӡ
ǼĶǰܵһɣۿŻˣڸǵķڷȻ٣˭ҲӶడ´ֻ֪ҪõĻȫ԰⡰ͷ۵ϴͷϰ
Ͼи֪ҽݵĴȣϴҰں
κһˣǳŸǼҽݣҲ˼ҸǱ˰
Ǵ϶ϴˡ
ʱҧϴˣܵõһӳ
ʵϣھ鵱Уǳɹ˵ġ
ϴûӵģһƶĶ඼ǸûʲôǮģʲôӡϴ˵İ֮£֪˾Ȳˣɸ˶֢ҩϣһ·ߵĲҪ̫ʹࡣ
ճΪ˶Ĺؼ
ϴû⣬͵֣֮˼Ҳ˵ףӣ¾Ͳñ١ʱһ˵Ȼˡ
ʵǼҲ֪ϴĹϵ׼ҲͬңҪӣҪҺϴһͿռҵ׵
Ǹ׶εʱ˵Ĺϵûٺ͹˳Ǳ߼顣ͬϿ˼ҽݣǾûлָ䣬ҲûܣҽȻҲûֿһĳ̶ȣǻءӱ˵ŪֹѪҩ˲ҽݵġ
Ǹʱ˶ûϰңֻӸһطΪҽݡ
ҵЩףҽҲס
ϴһǼֵļҲǶԷֵص㣬ȻҲˣҽҲȥˣһ˲ӣŰϴ¸ȫƽϢȥˡ
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ҽ£Ҳûжˡ
ڵ֪£ǰͻȥϴǰסϴ˿ҩ
£ȻԷûз˵뷨
ǹһĨЦơ
Ǽ˿һ˸ϽǰӭʵʻվſûôССɣ
šͷҲ˹ȥҪ
ԡǸĨᣬŴ˵С֮ǰʦҲҼֻʱҵļҲûʱҩǾͰ˸ˣ鷳ٸҩɡ
̧һ˷վűߣǸ˵Ĵɤ£Ѿвڿˡ
ȥϴڼǰȴϵ˸ϼ˶ֵʱŹ
֪Щ޷Ǿʵ֮ᡰ£עļˣֱվſھ͸˰ⶼ˼ˣôʱ͹
Ҫ棬˵ҲŽȥˡ
ĶǼҵʱˡ
͸ҽȣ϶Сҽݵġ
ʻǸæϴѰԼģΪϴ򻹻ģ죬ⲻǵȵļˣ֪СҽݾϣŸϽˡ
֮ǰϴ˵֮ſҩСæץһҩͺˣǲ»ӣֻҪܾˡ
֮ǰڼʱϴѾ˽ⲡҲǵҲνģЩ֢ҩöһʱߵİһЩֻǵʱٿǿǣỨĿС˵
Ը˵˵ʲô¶ˣ֮ǰǵ˵ϴǶӣֻ˵ǸǴ˵ǸСڣͲ˵ʲô
ҿҩɾ͸˳ˣʱ˵ȥǺǼõģ˭ء
šӦһ£ⲡΡ
ãξ͡˸ڷϣ˵ŷӦ𵽵˵ʲôܡΣ
⵱ʱҲû˵ΰ
ظһ飺Ρ
Ҳûʲô飬Ī͸һֿɿĸо
ԭڸױϣ׺ӲŵŶ̲סһ룬κأ
ᣬûкӣҪܻĻ˭
ˣҲﵹûţ˭֪ⲡѹβð˾ֻеġȴǿϲģϴǱ߻ֻſЩöӻЩҩС⣬ǵô˵棬ֱ˵κõİ
ˣǾס¡
˵̫ˣɲǻǻ
ʱֻˣ˵ûˣѹҪ̫࣬ƾ⻰Ǿܴ
ѹסԼڿϲı飬ϾⲡڸǴ˵ĿֻСΪһΣҪǱ̫˵ȥȻ⻰ˣ»һֱȽϺá
ҪȻ򷴿ô졣
ɿʱܶˡ
װɵЦܡξͺãǴ͸ҩɡ
ֵΣҪӲ١
̲סжٰ
΢ЩҲνʱһ
ȻֻȫκõĻûǲеġǼҽݾ˼Ѿˡ
ȻǲⲡȻǼȥ
룬ǲ

42
ǮûǺܿ,µǣ˻ţǮûˡ
ϵʲƸġ
ʧȥ֮,ǲƾԼıӵеġ
⻰,̲סʧеʲô
ֱڿ˸档
⵹òװɤ,ȻȻˡ
һСĿҶΪ֮ǰ˵Ϸעʱʱ޵ľͷߣ⼸һ,Ҳ벻ˡ
˻ǻͲ,֮ǰΪҪϴ,ԲװĿ顣ҲȫװȥˣһĺôܿҪ֮ǰϴû˵Ҫô࣬СòҪǰɣ
㿪ҽǲ,Ҳ۶ӣҪ۰
ĵµĻ׼ӵľǡ
⵹ҲҪۣⲡ
һ,ֱӰľ˵˳
ͣһ£͵ô,ˣҪõĸҩıȽ˵,ҽ,Ķ۸񶼱ȽϸߣҲȫǺЧҩ,Ҳۡ
Ǹȴǲʣô˵ҪһҵǶճȥҼ
΢΢һЦȴûֻǾǵˡ
һҭҲȫû뵽ȻһҲЩӰ죬ΪҽߣһҲҽġ
ôΧȺڵ棬Ȼ˵ôĻ
ѵͲԺҲû˹
ȴǲ£ͲѰҽߵ·ߣ˵ѰСҪƣǲ˷ʱġֻһЩƷҩ裬˿һЩͺˡ
һЩͨĲЩȥҽݿ
Щʲôزģ˼ңȻҲڸһļ۸ܹǲЩΪŪҵ
ҪĿβ׬Ǯ
Ȼˣ׬ǮҲеһ֣ϾĶЧãȻ˻Щģɲ̬䵭䵭þõġ
ҽʱѾ˲١
ܼ˱̬ȸŪһؿڣǿסԼŭ¿ĿİĿڵȻĻǻȥСʦȥˣ֮ǰϴҲҪ׼Ǽҩġ
ֻǻ˶ѡ
ݺݵţٵһȵʱˣǻôЦó
ԭ׼ľϴ֮ҵҪΪϴʱ˵Ե⿪ҩһҲֻŪϴĻʱֻҪģϰϴӣǵõľˡ
Ͼϴžûʲôӣʮһյڸ￴յļ۸Ҳ͡
лֱӶңǵȻǸˡ
ɷûô۸˱׼ˣȥϴˡ
Ͳŵʱ𲻰Լʦӣ
ôһ룬ͻȻֳһ£ƾոյ磬ƺҪǲԼʦӣҲʲôֵ鰡
ˣ
ʱĵĳһ¸˵·Ȼ˵΢һҲûʲô׬ȥˣʱ³ˡ
ԺеĶǵġ
ҲɵǶӵĲֻһСǲһڴӦôӣֻ˵һһҩԾˣֿӡ
Ҳ˵ᡣ
ʱǶֻһСôܴӦȥӿģ
˼ҿ϶ỳɵġ
ҩһԸ΢һ󣬵Ҳ̫ĶӣԲԾľͻĶ˵㡣
Ӳһֱãˣͻĸˣͺ˳ˡ
͸ĶһֻϴĻӦûŸһӣҲһӵģôҲܸ̫ࡣܹлҵĻȻǸõģҪҲ͸ˡ
ҲˣûӣҪһһʵĸﻹûˣôܵˣ
ܹǲĵġ
߻ûеãѾƵ˵ǲ˼ʦǰѾٴγԶˣȥĴӵ˿ʲôʱҲ˵һ֮ǰǾ˵ģֱҩˡԸȵĻҲԡ
ˣ

ܼȫң
⻹ܵȸƨ
˲֪ԼģӵҲ⼸ˣ˭֪ϴܹܲϻһҪǴ˵Ļȥ˶ӡ
ܲ˵ΪǲԸӿҩȥ˵˼ҵ˲ɡ
ʱͻȻ˵Сſĸʾ˵صĲĻ̫𣿡
ǲʶֻ֣ʾݣڴҲ˵
ΪϴСڸﶼȽ֪ȣϿҽݣָʾ֮󣬴ҿڿഫǱȽϤġ
Ͼ˭Ҳ׻᲻гһԼϵֲһܹϵһء
ԴҸԶڴš
ŮӾ˵˳
˶ԷһۣǾãⲡصĴ󲡣
Ůӣ
˺ݺݵĵһ۶ϱ
Ͱ¶ˡ
ڼﶼѾ˵˵ģ͸¶ӵʵ
˼ҧҧǿЦݿ˵ǼҶⲡ֮ǰǼǶǿģҲʲô󲡣СǲҪЦˣò
ǲܳϣǶӵĲβõķβ
ⲡС
ǰ˵ģŶӲ飬Ҫ˵
ǵĸģ϶Ҳ۶ӵģֱӳĻǿ϶ǳģαȽϺãһһĳӣչǵİѲκõġ
⻰֪ǴﵽʲôˣҲûСЩѰգûɵģ˸飬϶ǻ˼¶ġ
˵ͷаɣ鶼ҪǣܹȰľţ֮ǲԸκãͿԼԸˡ
ҪĲȫκã˵ҪģԼ
ԸĻҲȥҽݣҶû
Ӧ˵Ļ˵ˣûҲ˵ףǴ󲡻С⻰֮󣬱Ҳ󲻵ȥ˵ˣҪĲΧ۵˶ɵģܲⲡС
ܼҲδǲףǻͰǰܶһʣǵȻ
ֻ˵ͷͷ̬رãõģСǶ֪ˣʱôŰɣǴ˶ʦĲǶҲεģҲЩָȾ˷纮ûʲôȥ̫ԶĵطȹЩ죬ЩˣٰȥΡ
Щ˶ˣҲһˡ
Ȼ˵ˣҲûƴǡ
ܹκڣβõġ
ʾ˸Žȥ
ʣ˻ɻѣ⵽ʲôСǼģȻԸôˡ

43
ٴΰ,ȿҩץҩҲԼҽץġ
ҽĸҩĲ࣬ȫ,ҽݿ֮,ڿռֲĸҩҲ͸,ֱܸܼҵץҩ
ʱϵ̫ãѾ˺ĵزˣԭļҲ⼸졣
ҩĻҲȲ
ļҩڿռֵ,ҩݣҲֻ,ܰȶ,ڻָЩҩûȥ÷д,ȹ֮ȡ¸Ƴ̵ҩ
ŶúáӹҩΪС
ֿҲʱҪָ
̲סһ˿춯,ܾã,ǰĴܹκ
бŷһǿҵϣ
ǮȻҲǽˡ
ʮӣĸ˸оۡ
ȵһ,̲ס˵,ЩǵĿһ˵ıӰĻҩ𣿡
ġ˵ǱϾΨһĶӣǺص,ǵõǼǻһܹκӦҲԸġ
ֻǿϧûľܹκá
ֻԼ
ȻǼҩǻôģܹܲãǶȥģҲԹֳЩʲô
ȻҲ͹ĵĺڰ˾ʾȥ֮ҲεĶ⼸ҩĺȥġ
ȵ֮ҩˣҩҲ͸ˡ
ʱԣʲôܵҪҩȥۻӣν
ˣҲǼĸܲô
˵ͷԸǱȽϽģǱߵ˶ЩɣȻҪǳô졣
𿴵ǵ飬վǴӦ
˵һЩ
ȻӦˣЩǵɫźһЩǱԹ´εĻɲҪٴӦЩĪҪ󣬾νĲҪŲˣҲû֮ͥ»ž⡣
ԣκпվķǲȡģ˵ܻ̼ˣҲ˾ѡԼڲľء
ľᣬ¾ȷԷûлģԶҲʧȥ
ĵĻ˻ֺ֣õ˵ˣ֪ҵĴ´Ҳ˺òã
촽סԼı飬𿴳ԼˣװͰ͵˵˵ˣֻһˡ
šͷܲݡ
ʱЩ˼飬񣬱ԼΪģҪ
֮䣬ͺǱ谮ŵģҲ̲סҪãҪÿ춼ġ
ʵ֮ǰͺģٰϴ֮Ͱ˵˳
Ҳ˵Լơ
ϴȷʵҽĵĴҽʵǺܲģȥҽݵôҲȫûģûѡݵȥû̫Ǯ˿еʱԷʵͲǮĻҲֱ˷á
Ⲣζţʥ͵ˡ
֪ܼҵ֮ϴԼͽܵĻˡ
ʱת˲ţܼҵһˣһΣ̬еķˡĵҲͦ˵ġ
ʮа˾ţǹ֮ǰ˵ġ
Ҫ׵İĲκãҲҪϼ
ϾʼҩֻʮӣڴӸǱҽݵõܼ˵ʵ㲻Ƕࡣ
һ̲֮ס˵Сһȥ֮ҩ϶ʱûôˣЧرĺá
֮ǰһֱǻʹ㶯һҪһյĶ˯þ
û뵽ȥҩ֮󣬼ЧôĿ죬ôĺá
˯Ⱦˡ
ץ֣ץסһݡ
šһԼֳ˳Ȼȷʵǰʱںúúҩ֮ǰ㿪ҩֻҪȶ״ʹģ֮ҩġ
ҩܹ󣬶ּͥ˵ӦǺѽܵģȷҪȥ𣿡
ıһ٣Ҫ٣
֮ǰѾ˵ˣ忴Ļָ
Ĭһ˲֮ʵСܰҼĲκ𣿡
ܡ
ʵǻκ𣿡
ҡͷֹҲٰɣҲһ
ܼҵ˶ĬˣϸҽһҲĻǶûʲôϾʣµҲ㹻ˡֱҪĻǾЩ̫ˡ
ôϼûӡ
Ѿվ޿̬ıܼ˵൱Խܵġ
ǮŵĻûжڣҲǹһԣȣҵ
ҪǾȻضӣҪ»صǰƶӣôġ
Ҳû⣬ȻǸڻȥģʵҲûĻ᲻ЩĿ˸ĸ
ӳĬķĺһġ
Ͼٶ࣬ǮҲڹŵģûʲôϵûиܼСӣɷ֮󣬽ôǿ˵һˡ
û׼ᱻϻңܼңʱҲʣϡ
ЩʵʵʲôҩģôỨôӰͲһ𣿡
ܡ
ϹЩҩĶʱһЩϲΡ֥ıͨطƳˮȻ󽽹ɵģͨҩĸûá
ҪǲŵĻϴЩҩҸҩӦûţҲȥԣȥҩݿͬҩģܲЧ
Ȼô˵ˣܼȻҪȥԣʵҲûʲôϣ
ﻹЩģ˿ܵˣѹɤʵСҲ֪Ǽҵʵϵĸʾ˵εĲնͨͨڰɡ
һˣҲͨˡ
ҩ˵󣬵˵ʵѡ
ֻҪһ뵽ԭĴ㣬ھ鵱ϴΪ֮ҲɨأûԸҽ֮·ĳˡ
ҡҡͷҪõҩĵĻȻǻͨڵģҿ⣬ܲԼɣҼҲҪأҲû취ˡ
۸Ѿǵͼˡ
Ҳû취ܼ˲һʼͲԼĶΣҲѰ˼ţҪεʱ򣬲ˣʱӦúһˣȥҽӦҲκá
ǣһֻϰ˼ҩ衣
һҩʮһ١
һҪʮ
۵ֱ飬ֻһһٰʮ
һӿĶһ㣬һҩʮ֮ģһһ壬ûܼپûˣе̡̫Ļ˵ܼһһʼͲˣԲŻ˻
ٵҲٵĺôرĻǮˣȫκãָԸȥ衣
Ųر࣬ǼҳܷΧڡ

44
,ϵǰ㡣
ȥҩ൱Чһ֮¾ԵĲԼڲȷʵڲϵĻָ,,ֻҩǲġ
ֻԼĵȥ
Ѿȥһٰ,ʣٶࡣ
ﵽֻһӣۿ죬ȥһ֮󣬾ȫȥˡҽݸǵڷ,ѾֻʣһʮˣЩȻ˵ͦ,˷ѵĻ,㹻֧ǹ°
ȫȥҩĻҲͽֻҩǮ
ӵĲȷϹȷʵںãϵǮ,Ҳ
ҪǷһծ
ԭĿԴִŵĸծļӣԼЩܲˡڣѾڿʼڣ֪ͲøǸҩ,ĻǵܹøԣһЩ,
ֻʣһģ֮ǰһЩ,Ȼܹδ,ҲҪϸС
δЩ̫ˡ
ҲǸоĸ̬ȣ֮ǰĸҩЩ,һ֮󣬾Ҳûҩˡֱſ£ĸҲתƻ⣬ûȥҩ˼
ҩͶˡ
Ӷһҩ˽ݸ˰ڴϵҩȥſ˵ȥУ򿪵Щҩȫûʲôã⼸֮ҲˣҪκãҪҩǱԭҪһЩˣ
ĸӣȴҩҲûİ취
ֻܵһЩ
ȴѹûжĲ˿İ
һ뵽һҩҪʮ仵֪Ҫʮָܹԭ״
ֻҪ΢һ룬͸оĿʹ
˵Ķԣٵȥˣ󣬿βˡ
ҲԸĸԹޣӣģھȫõϣҲȻĸĸȥΰѳǮ
Ҫ
һ⣬ȻʾӰѶ丽˵ԼĴ㡣
ֶ֮סԼЩľɫǲ⡭ҪǱ﷢ˣʱô죿
ɫŤ۾ݺݵĶΣ˵Ϊˣ㻹ʲô³𣿡
﷢ѾܹԤϵʱεˣôӣ֪οصģҪǱ͵ˡ
ﶼǺദˣܼҲ˲ٵԳᣬҲĵڰ䣬Ҫɷ͵֮ңպ
ϾҲжǿȻⲡܹκãô϶뷽跨ġ
û뵽⼸յֺãϸĵչˣԭΪǰ絽ˣû뵽Է֪͵Щ֮ʲô³ȥá
վǴӦ
Ҳ㲻ġ
Ӧˣƿߡ
ڶ죬ҽ￴ϵӰ
ʵ֮ǰǶ˺üҩˡ
šСĵͷʲôӰ𣿡
ҡҡͷֻҪǰҩǶʱˣû̫⣬ֻûǲҪٶˣҪ͸ˡ
ûβܲͨһ£˵Լֱʡ
ôţ룬ϴұŸ˴ӵľ鵱УλаʲôĽɫǸʱǲҲ޵ĿģΧ۵ȺǶǸӵķߺޡ
ҲϾҽ֮·
λЩĵĻھ鵱Уܼǵʱͨʲôķʽ΢һ£ϴҲϾ·Ҳ뽹ǻңԭҲᱻҽ֮·
һжֻҪ΢һ¡
ܼ֮ǰѾˣЩ㹻һͨİһһӹĸˡ
еĿ֮£ص޾̰
ڹ̨Ǳ··ϽʱѾע⵽ˣȻǷ䴫Ŀ֮ɴеĶֱ˹ȥʵôˣ
ȻʻʵҲŵĲµ˵ʲô
ڲܹõ£ôֻ˵Ǯ⡣
֪Լɷ˳ܼҵ·Ǽ˳Եͷ
Ȼϵļ仰֮󣬺ȫһ£ûиͬܣҲû˿ίֱӾ˵ǼȱӣҲûðǴǱҲʶˣҲû˵ǼȥҴ˳Ǯ˰
ԼûŬһ£ʲô
Ҫװǰ
ϵɫһǺˣֱ˵Ļ˵ѣȻķ·沨ĸܼŻ£˺˵ֻ΢ҪƤġ
Ҳȫû뵽ҽ߾ȻǼҵ
֮ⷬ£Ҳ˵Ҫҽݼٷѵ뷨ˣֻҩͿٵȥˡ
Ǻ׷һ㡣
״ЦһҲ֪ô˼Ǽҿڵģ
һҿǱܼƵ˺òá
ͬʼҪԶϴҶЩǣܼ֮ģҪҳ֡
ҪǳɹˣҲŪҵŹˡ
ȻỤңҽϵҲˡ
䳰ȷĻһ˵ڣһµҲҲ̫ɶˣôɱϵ
֮֮ǰ˺ü
ЩգôЩּҵʱ򣬺ּҵ˶Ƕ¹ˣһھ䳰ȷϬ̱ġǼ޵ԺѾʶĿԼʱҲľѾѿڶˡ
ɲá
ЩʱյദԾԼеʵǷǳõģǿ
һò
ͨÿֲиԼòǱ仯൱ģͲ֣෴ΪӳԵ٣ǱȽݵġ
ǵ֮ÿ춼ܹԱԺá
Σ巢ʱ򣬽ľͳøˡ
ָ˵ƤǰǸССԼֱˡ
ĸҲ͸ӵǢˣʱܹΪԵɫ˵ʱ򣬳֮ʡ
䵽Щ˼ˣǿĶˣãԼĿУһ̫õˡ
ţôõˣô˵ô̱Ļ
ҪάԼĿеһŬСС
οûЩԵɣĽȻҪԼбһõġ
û̫֮࣬ԻᾭһΪԷ츳㣬ԸãԼҪǿϺܶ࣬һ棬Ϊ֣жңһԱ
µʱʶľͻҪȥֺǡ
׹еۡ
ϱദУЩ̸ĸоŨ
ȻҲͲһ㣬ףʵܺú㣬ҲÿȫҪȥԱֺˡ

45
𲢲Ǻԭ,֪˼Ҫǰ£Ի󣬷ȥˡ
Ļ,Цôܻļ˷,ǴӸǱߵõû,ʣô࣬ﶼ
˵ˣ˼ô,ֲɵ
˺ߣֻǿ޵Ŀ,һʱ
ϾҲ֪ʵ֪,֪ԭĹµУܼƳɹˣϴҶ˾޴Ĵۡ
ڿ,ܼ˱ϾûЩʲôѾˡ
һҪĻҲûпܾôŹ˶ԷĿУһֱһˣҲڼ޽֮󣬾ԼԼԸ,Ҫֵ̫
Ȼ˵,ܼұӣҲֻ,ľ͸ĺ,ȫֵԭ¡һ뵽ܻᱻӰ쵽޷ҽݣһŭͷ
һֱڰ,ǧҪͣȥܼұļƻ
Ҳ֪ԼôӡģԾԼͦݵİԭΪߣΥ˵ģ׷ŹҲܱôΧơǻŵĸо
֪ЦǺǵǵڣǼǮ˵ǲδҲҪֳУӦҪ̫á
ܼҵĸĸѾԸӸӿˣܼҵȫǶϱ͵˳ָЩܼеĻˣȽȥܼҿ϶Ҫַˡ
϶סġ
ո֮ǰҩӪܺͣԳֻܼҸĸ뱲ӵĻҲһ͵ùˡ
ܼҸĸôǮΪ˶ԸӿˣһеǮûˣŭž͹ˡ
Ǹĸʲôӵˡ
ӦҲ֪ס֮󣬾ȫҩ裬Ҫʣһֱѳ´͵ɾûôˡ
һ̸£ҲˣǱǸҽݣпΪ˳£ٸܼһӡ
Ͼ֮ǰĻ˵ĸоҲǣٲôⲡҲȫκˡ
ܼҲô̰ģֻҪôһĻǱδز᲻
ңܹκҽ˵ҲҪоһ·ֻʼȶҩҩЩûиӵġʵҲϾⲡ⣬ܿ漰˵ʲôط֮ģдԸ˵Ҳ
ͬģҽҪƽҲȻеΪΪҽҪβˣеΪ
ҽǱߵòӣ¾Ҫܼͨҩ裬Ϊ˴ӦǸǮҲ
൱Ĵ
˵ͷ֮ǰҲǿǹģѾô簲עŸҽǱˣҪܼҴǱߵӣҲõϢ
Ͳµˣܼ˵ԣǮ֮ȥҸǱߡ
Ϊ˷ֹܼҴµУȫûеõѵѾǰ׼֮ǰȥȰ˵ϴҪܼ£ɲǽֻǿտں˵ģȥ˴磬ҽݴµȥȻŽȰ˵ġ
һҲͬҲûˣҵϴǸϢˡ
ԷǱҽݵһѧͽҲʽʦͽһѰѧչǱߴ׹żѧһƤëˣ΢һЩǮԷͰʲôˡ
ɵù˹գЩƣֹ£콹ǲĵУû뵽һЩϸ֦ĩڣ˿ǺüڣŷЩѾ뵽ˣһΪ˰š
ЩģúЩһ١
һ˼Ѿ˵ʮˡ
Ҳû˵ֱӾת˳ȥ
һ㶣Щԣæȥôˣڲ𣿡
ûС
ĵɫûо͹ˡ
˼⣬ֻΧ˺ôˣ˵һòã
ʵ벻ͻȻôˡ
ڴ֮ͥ£ΧŷСʵ̲סһţ˵ʲôأҽﻹأ
˵Ǳ߿һۡ
һ߿ӵһЩŮӺ͸
ûע⵽ǣһ
ҽĸҩ˺ЩСӣڸҩƣЧôλм۸Ƕ٣дڸֲϵġ
СԭǸһǵģΪƹЩҲͰЩ˿ˡ
Ͼܶҩ衢ҩĹЧۿˣܶ˸벻Ҫ߿ʱַһСӣָͻһЩҩƷټǰʱͳȥСݻƷ˺ü֮󣬴ҲܳЧ
һЩǮˣֱӾˡ
ģƤãཻ˵УҲܿע⣬ҽݵҲ͸űá
ûŮӺ͸ǲЩģЧҲȥҽƷԸȥԣڣҽѾ൱ĺˡ
ҽ￴ַСӵĿˡ
Ҳ⡣
֪ƤҲû̫֣Ǹߣͷѯţ㵽ΪʲôͻȻˣ˵˵˵ҾͲˡ
촽΢ͣһȻſ˵ô㣬Ϊʲôô࣬簲֮飬ȴҲһ
֪֪Щ춼飿
ҪǳʲôԺô졣
³Կ࣬˾ǻȥֵأʱĸ»صֻҪߣҲܡ
ܲ
ϲĹӣֵõһС
һ£ЩۿЩ֪Ŀڣҡû뵽Щ
ʱһֱûʲô쳣ľٶ
ĿУҲһֱȣº֣Ǻˡ
֪ԷȻһֱô
һʱ֮䣬ͷޱȡ
֤ԲԺʲô飬һ֪һòãζҲãԭһأҪҵ𣿡
תͷĨһ۾ʵҲ޵ģԵƵġһʱ̲סѾû֮ǰıŤ󷽷˵ãʵҲǺܺ¡
֪ļƻǶԵģӦݺݵĽѵһ٣ҵĻҲܻݡ
˵ĲʹɻκĲǾԿöԷָ
㣬Ҿ̲סصĳ⣬ҵĴ
ֹⲻĴСҺܸôңΪζţҵϲ
ϲϲҡ
˵ţϽס¶Цݡ
ģ̧أҪǱ˿ôǺã
ϵЦݣ̲סҲЦӲʲôϲˣΪʲôϲҡ
Ҳ⣬ֻҵȻҲϲ㣬ѵо𣿡
㻹˵æ뿪ܵԺȥˣ˵ЩʵЩսĳ
ֱͷһ˿ĵЦ

46
εС粨Ҳôȥ,ҲһѣĹıлҪ࣬ԺЩ,ҲҪǵø߶Է
Ҳ־µ,,еģһҲԷֹļƻʲô©
ݾⷽ滹Ǻóġ
ʶԽ࣬Խࡣ
ϣԽǿԽòź,ܲ۸
ѩѰûǰ,ߵ̫,ʱʱ磬ҪǳеĻ˶ôŹˡҽݵС׬һʡ
ķĸҩ,иðҩȫȥˡ
ҽһҲʣ
ֳõҩõͨҩģշѶǱȽġ
İѿҪҩȥҽûˣߵС,ڻǰһ˵öҩ,ҪһУղкЩǸζҩ,ǸǰЩˡ
ⶳʵҲ⼸ſʼġ
һǰЩӡ
˵Ҳ̸ʲôЧ,Ͼ䣬Ҳô,ΪǵʼΪ۸߰ȷʵܺõĻƷһͥȽϸԣŮӺ͸Ҳ˳㿴˸Ȥҩͻȥ
ЩҩҲȫЧġ
ģҲʹˡ
۳˵ڱںܶ˵ĿУҩ۸ԹЩҽݣҲգ˵óɫˡ
֪зҩ󣬺ܶ˾ȻҲǺԥˡ
ͣ˱ʣҪЩʱˣҩݶˡ
еЩգ̫Ҳһ£ϾֻһˣĻڶ档
ſڵ˵ҪҪֳغйҽݵѧͽæһЩ飬ͣһֱڼҲѧʲôֻܼڵɻҲá
Ͼ߲ûżҼһĺӶȥƾٵ˼
ѧеģƽ˼ѧҲһѧʲôϾ̻ͽܶʦ˼ҲһԸ׽ȥǻ絽á
һӦȻǸ˵ģܿ˵᲻Щ̫ã
ճײã˼ȥܵܣ̫
ԭĴ㵱УŵԼܹŴ·׬ǮˣȥһЩġ
ϾּҵĲã׵ʱְѼӴ󲿷ֶľΪޣȫĸ
⣺ҲûʲôõģÿҪϴʰкˣ컹ͦæģҲðŪҩҩ½ҪⷽҲóҽҩ̫ˣһֻԣ˾Ͳ̫С
Ͷôˣ𲢲öԷϸһѧѧʹ
ܵܣʣԸҲɶ£ǿҪѧãԺܰæҲ͸࣬ѧĻġ
ҪľҲǷ·棬ҪæǲĵܵܣҽҲȷʵҪˡ
ôһ˵ҲͷˣҪǲΪſҪˣȻҲΪ˱ӣͰԼƵȥǾͲǹɵˣãǵȹʱٻȥ˵һ£Ӧûͬġ
šͷ
ʱҽݾͽտţȥԺ
ʱˣҲ͹ˡ
ҽʱϢӣһһŷҶ˵˵ЦЦģûʲôա
ҲȷʵҽݿûãԽԽˣԽԽã˵ҽ£벻Ҳѡ
ȻûõʲôϾһˣҶϵģȻǿĵġ
Ͽ˵˰ԣǸܼˣҽ˵ǼڴѾַˡ
ܼ˵ƣȫҶ֪ģҲķͬҲ֪ȻܵģȻȫҶԣҲû˵ʲôˡ
ԸҲǺܼҾȻġ
Զܼҷ൱ĹעҲԼϢԵȣʲô⡣
ܼڵĴӣǴ岢ǰرվҲһƬģ֮Ȣ֮³ҲŸϵں֮󣬾ͺʹйӴ໥ĵҲͦġ
оˣǴܼǸӼ޹ġ
Ϊ֪ܼҿ飬ϼҽݵʱҲ˳̸ЩһסܼҴ壬ʶ⸾˵ģ֮ǰҲһ˵ЩڣѾˡ
ͨмֱ̣ӾͺܼҴһ˽
˷ܵ˵ϴҲ˵ˣ͵ܼҸĸҩ
޾ָڼ
ϴҩ£ȻǸ˵ˡ
ϼȥ֮󣬵ͱܼҸĸˣһֵòɿϱֱӴҪޡûдӦ˫ڴﶼǱߴˣ֪ӣβ
ĲǼ򵥵С£Ҳֱӱ˵˳
ǲȥˡ
Ҳ޶ܹκãܼҳôҩ裬ӦҲ
Ҳòȥʲô߰˵ˡ
ʵַβΪû˵κõģǼҴ֪֮඼ʹ䣬Ҳ˳˵һЩܼҵ¶
츸ʵҽ˵𣿡
⵹ûС˵Ҳû˷ӦܼӦҲ˵Ͼ˼ҵӵģ˵ˣҪǻӿɻ𡣡
ܼ춼ֵüɹģڶ޹üˣ˵ǶϱǵĹײıˡ˵֮ڴﵽӣ˵ҪӰѲκá
ֻ֮ǰǶҲ˺⣬ֲҲһУԺ󻹲֪ôء
жĥ뵽ֵĳ棬̲סЦһ£ҲǶжˡ
ϰܼҸĸȫҩˣʵҲû򵽼ţܿҲͳˣǵ汲ǸˣôĹϵǮĻҲһ˽ǡ
ϺִܿҴҹ˼ҩ
Ȼһȥ˸Ǽҽ
ǴϢܼȷʵҪٴӸҽǱҪӣ٣ֻҪĲκãŻѴȫɸǻȥͬʱǻҪӵĻѡ
ϾǰǾȫӸˣܼҸĸ׻ǲģøǵҽ򵥡
ǵҽݵǸߣȫûдӦǵ
֪Ĳ֮ǱҲȤһҪоҩ裬ͬʱҲʵ顣
ϾѾˣûôΣܼ˿ǮҲͬˡ
ǱԭҲʮһҩǿ̫ˣȵָĲʱ򣬾ȥѰҽ
ҲоûҲĴá
ڵһжûгԤϡ
һʱȥܿҪʱˣ켯ɱһ˹رҽݣȫϻȥˡ
ǼҲҪɱ
һͷ֮ǰᵽϵʱҲûȥΪǸʱѾܴˡ
ҪĻҲ϶õļۣʱԼҪԵĻûļ۸
Ǿţƽʱĵæտһ¡

47
һֵص˴,ﻹ˲׼͸˼ҡ
иĸģȻġ
ǵӸ뿪ǰȣûжĲ
ɱڸҽɱ,ҵͷҲϵ,׼ʱһ
һԼݿһȦ,ܵȥɱˡ
Ҳæ
磬һʰ޳ʢͣһֵģϯв˵Ļⶼ,Ҳ߸˵Ļشš
ͬʱڵĵط,ȻҲⲻּҡ
һ,ҲĬּҵּҵ飬˵ʲôҲ֪,Ͼ˼ҸտʼߺܿҲǶˡڣѾչˣЩּһûпʼѾԷԵ뵽˸ࡣ
ϾּҲ֪,ûҲ֪˾ķչǲͬ,˶ּҿһֱ൱ĹעģǼҷʲô,Ǵ۵ص㡣
Ȼ,ͬҲҡ
ϾǴȥģǰһ𳤴,ࡣ
̫̫֪ôģϴҶѾֳǸˣôҲּң
һ˵⻰˵ĺּ˵־ͷֵģ˼̫̫֮ǸŴ󷿻Ŵ󷿵ĻСЩܹ׬ӵʳף
ҿԵĻ̫̫ǾǵԣµʱͲǸ̫̫ϣ̫̫źǻࡣ
ѽѽ˽ϻ˵ּӹҲĺܣ˼С뵽ôϡĳʳƫƫûãӾʹ˾֪
ʲôùģԾԼѾࣺЩ޷ǾǺܿܵõʲô¼ɲʳףܹ֣ͬõⱾʳҲ
˵õ˺ܶ˵ͬ
ڴܶ˽¶ôģȻһû¹СôЩ
ͬģǻɵõͬ׵ˣĻôɣּҸ׼Ӿͱɢ˳ȥ
ܹôּҡģҲֻˡ
ֻҶûа²˵
ǲµ𾢣ּԼ֪Լ£ԲûΪ
һѵĻҲּĿǰ״ԭǰõʱּ׼ձص⣬⵹ҲζܶϲҪͣæµĻӼôһ죬Ҳͼֲȥˡ
ּѾ͵ʮ꣬ڻǰҲ˵һӾڷġ
Ҳһ顣
ϴ֮ǰ±ɵĻҲˣڿɲУǾͰƸϴһ
ձ¶Ҳ֪ģΪһʼʱ˵һʼͰЩձķȥΪѾԤϵˣּҸ˵Ը֪ǿ϶ΪͻԾݻ˱ٶȡ
ȻҲԤϵ
εձϴһȫǮȫϽ̫̫ϴÿۻȻ֪׬ĶҲˣÿػؼң˯еģﻹǱƵĻš
ǰ϶Ƕǰ棬ԱȣϴһҲûжܲˡ
ּҲˣԱȾ൱ˡ
ʱ֮Ҳ̲סˣȻǮؼҲûѽȫ̫̫ֶ̫̫ĺãΪ˷ӵԵʣҲ˵õҲ١
ôǾڸһ׹
ϴϱ˱뷨ѷ͸¶ԼңǱӻָһ֡ϴҲ֪ҲĬˣϾҲӣܵΪԼԺ㣬ǲںǵŮӻһأҲõ˳׵ˡ
Ҳ̫̫ˣ̫̫Уϴ̬Ҳܺãϴ൱Թġ
ԼĶӣ̫̫̬ҲЩ
ԸҪ߰ˣϴһֿϴʵԲĵӣ̲ȥܹ󵽣ԺԷ̬ͬȣٴΰķӽңȻظڵӡ
ôǵˣϸʲôء
߲ѣʼˣùʣԼԸģʵϣԷҲ͵һ֣ЩҲһֻ۱һֻˣû뵽˼һôˡ
ĲҲӰϴһǮ˼컹Ǽȥձ͵ӣȻؼҶ̫̫̬Ȼǹġ
˵ǱƤ޳ܸҪˡ
ƫƫָּܹģҲϴһˡ
ҲûľϴһԸﰵҲķ
ּĶ̣ûסƫͷļ棬һһЦͣû뵽ϴһȻô
Ȼ֪ЦʲôССĹǣôأһ㡣
ðͣԼЦ۵ĶӣϢЩȵ˵ûʲôֲּҵˣҲûʲôָҵġ
ּǱòʲôļӡ
ǲ
֪ô
ˣ
Ƕ̫ĻǳԲġ
ʵϣԭľ鵱Уּûôּңʼ⣬ͷձЩճС⣬ǸԹڿҿûдС˼¸ɾ䣬ҲȸּҴһЩӡ
ּҲһõ𲽡
Ҳû˺ǿҺҵϵִ֮˱
ǸʱͬԼ˱зϾһʼͺԸ
ʵҲŲ
ϴһûôͻϾ鶼϶һģǸʱչ˳˳ˮܿˡ
ϴֲɵڶС˼Ҳûұ¶
Ҳȷʵǿʵ˺ӡ
չ˳ϴǾûôðˡ
ﵹһ侲ĻˣҪܴЩʲôҲе㱾¡
뿴Ͱ͵ˣˣڿҿҵĹӡ
̫ˣͺܲˡ
ָŵϵʱȻͱ࣬ǰ֤ԼּӰ̫
̫ڴˡ
Ǻܿһüͷһ˿ҪԼøõģ֮ǰᵽģÿһ˵רŶʺϵ·ȥ˼ⷽ档и𡢵ﻹܵĸͼֽڶ˲١
ڴ磬Ϊӵԭ򣬵ûлǵġ
İˣƽʱҽŮӡĹ۲죬ȻȥһЩʺǵ·
ĺܳɹ
ԺﶼܹЩ·Щ˵ϣ϶ΪһЩʡ
Ҳ⣬ٶ̫ˡ
ôҲ͸Ϻ·ǽΪ򵥣Ҫ̫ӷ֪Ҫ淢չĻԺٶȻжѲɾͳµĵͷͣ
ǰſ߹ܹȣ۾൱𺦡
ɲԺģ۾Ϳ嶫ˡ
ͱȲҪĻ˵
ѵҪȥһ·ӣȥգȥָƵ֮ģ
ֶõһ߶¡
ûа״Ĵ㣬רҲĿ֮һȷţԼϲ·İ
ĻܻЩʡ
ȻҲֱӰͼֽȥȴ᲻á
ϲԼƵĶִԼһһΡ
ôֲˣ첻ȫǺϢּңɱġ

48
ЦЦ,Լķմûʲô⣬һͺˣȳԷɡ
϶˺ܶ,ȷʵʽ̸ʱ,ʱҲͲټȥˡ
Ա,΢ϢһͶȥĵطҪɱģɲֹһҡ
ɱҵͷ,͸ҪȥɱļˣҶҪȥæ
ҪȥһЩ,Ͼɱ,ҲҪʰһ£Ĵ洢ǵϵһƬǽ塣
ôҿ϶û취ȫȥģ¼˶,ҲһʱԲꡣҲòģͺ˵ˣһ־УʣµķߣѬƺ֮,ˣڸ͵ϡ
Ȼ,һӶȱ۵ģȻ˼Ұװ׵¡
ΪžЩ,ʵӹҲᶯһ,ػʱϾ˺ܶĶ͸
,ôҲڰĸͻ
һЩʵõģܴ⣬Ҳ
һһɻܿͰæ߰˰ˣȰѼЩƺãڸߴѬţϺɱһȥæΪСǲô鷳
Щ˹ȥҲһ桢֡
Ҽһÿ궼
׸ں棬ΧҲûˣǣֻ˻ˣ֮ǰԷʱʲôأ
ţɻһܿ㷴ӦЩյֱ˵·ٶ̫ˣӵĻûʲô
֪Լ츳Ҳǻỳɡ
ٶȣĻԸ⻨ôʱ·
ԭǼǿģһֱҪԼıվȽŸڼ޽֮ǹӼǿľȴһж˲١ϾĿУһֱõˣԷֵøõģһʲôûеˡ
ҵҲǳãԽˣԽǻԼ䲻ϡ
ڼرڿ죬ٸɶһ飬ԼԵмֵһЩ
ҵĻ٣ҶɣеЩ޴롣
Ķ̫ˡ
ҽݿţıã֪ԷҩЧжã֪һֹѪҩ;Ӷ˹ϵ˲ٵǮԽб£ľԽ̿֡
ÿ˶˾ְԼҪæʹ磬ȫˡ
ֻȻ˵ǻָļܣŸÿ·ԺһӣкܶԽԽСŮӶøƯ
Ҳ츳϶һУҲԽԽƯƺһжڱãԽˣԽŲּҵʱԿԼ˫ָĻֱֱͦ׳ĺ˵ӦеĴ
ңЩˡ
ҶǺˣҲòˡ
˵һз·һ㣬ʲôû͵õһУо壬̤ʵ
ܹо취ģһûзӳԼãû취
ֻƯȥУ߿˵ĺģЩĴԭ
ȻЩȷʵǵõһǮⲢǿ̤ʵصõģеĸоһ
ʵҲܹͲҲϲ֪ЩֻʱģĹâ綼ųֻǹʱĳˡҪģﲻҪôֽǡ
ٶ飬Ҳע⵽ˣҲĵ׼һЩ¶ױһõЦݣ֪
Ҹ׼һʱ֤ܹٵİ·á
ܼһ·
Ҳ̫ȷûпȥ˽Щ
ǲ˼飬ֹʵ˵˵ǵ⻰˻ȥôأ
ôܡ˵²µʲô
ϵЦݣʵǲٵӣԸӦòյʱ򣬴ֵϷˣˡ
ԷֻҪ⡣
Ȼ֪ʲôֻЦҲ·һǵҲ¶Цݡ
Щգ˼ⶫʲô
һĳ֮װչصĶ
ȷĿ˵һڷĳֵĶڴϵģ˿ٵ·ͼ
ˡ̲סһָ޵Сһ¾ͲµˣһĶ֮ǰһпֿԿٷƵĶкܶߵĲ룬ⶫܹĻʱС·Ҫܶˡ
Ҿȥˣǰæܲо
û뵽ȻջǰǱѾ˸˵Ѿˣʱ͹ܾҪѧһѧʹã֮ٶȾͻ
˵ʵǷһִļ䵱УļозһģСʱȥһһȵġ
Ҳʹ÷һһЩˮƽһ㡣
ϴݹЩʣʱƼصƵ֪Ļٶ൱Ŀġ
ôӦҲ԰ɣ
˵
ѴͼֽȥŪϴιֹѪҩ飬˫ĻҲûпǣҲִһҲһЧõĻ˵Ǳ߻ǻӡ
һһȻ󲻳ʲôĶҲڴЩ˼˵Ҳûôֻ˵˵ѣҡ
ҪǵʱѧõĻ͹⡣
¶ģʱһúѧ
˵ŻۼˣŰɿ
˼ȥֻ֣ͷҪɱǻҪȥ뿪ʱҲҪЩ
ҪдǣȻҲǸһġ
ʱҲͿڰֳغСȥѧͽ飬˵˳
ǰ͸ĸҲ˵ûʲô
ﱾĺãҽΪ׼ˣȻҲҶԽԽãǼҲûסĵطӲ٣ҵ׷񣬴ʹˡ
ҲͶ˫顣
Զ൱ּɡ
Ϻֹ㸣Щ𾪣Ͱ͵ģβŰѻ˵⡭᲻Щ̫ãӣȥ˶鷳
ǼҸż޹ȥ꣬һ˶ôǺá
˵ûʲô鷳鷳ģҲǴȥģҽ֮ǵҪѧһ֪ⷽʶƽʱҪҩģҩҩЩҲɡ
ˣϺֹ㸣ȴ֪˼Ҷڰǡ
ļҵѧͽȥʦǱߣҪЩģǰźܵûʮ꣬ѧ㶫
˶Ǻܺ˼ңȥˣָԼҪúöˡ
Ͽڵ
Ƕͬ˵ġ
ϻЩǣ˵ĸȻǺ£ҲǺˣǲǺ˵Ժ̫õġ
ǼұͱȲңôң˼롣
ж׵ĹػеЦ̫ˣĶûʲôǾͷõܸܵŹȥɣûǣҲ˵ġ
һ֮ͨϺֹ㸣ǴӦ
Խĺãֱ޲ð˹ţ·Լߡ
ֵֹ̬ȰϸŪĸ㲻״ˣʹ֮󣬲̲סЦһȰ˵֮󣬲ڻָ
ҳԵģ컹ûڣʱжˣȥʱҲһġ
꣬ûʱͰֳغȥ˫˵ˣȵ󣬲Żȥ
ص֮һϴҲ͸ԻȥϢˡ
֮Űóҵġ
һ㶣Ҳô¡
ʱסҲüﻨǮЩӾ͸֮Ķ˵ǲܶ׼
Ҳòôӣû˵ӵ𣿡
ЩҲ١
Ҳ˽ӵеǮġ
ҡҡͷûС
Ҳ˵ǷֵͦģҲһȫ𴩣Ҫ˵ˣʱּǱ֪˷ҵ֪Ƿôģ뵽⡣
̫ý͡
ʱҲʺϸ̫ӡ
ȻǷּˣҲǶףּⲻ˳պǱߡּҲ֪ʵĵϸصס
ָͶ˳ȥ˲³ǳȫҪˡ
ﵽжģĶЩʣҲЩֶǼʡˣһǮҲûʲôڴ￿ؾܲԺȣطǵҪһӴ̫Ǯ
ҪǮˣٸȥ
ĵܵܣԼʱ˽⡣
ŸĸܣǮڵĵöࡣ
ӦһҲûģòЩ߰˰˵ģǾŰɣҲһЩ
Ȼӣӣ²Ѽ͵Ķ͹ˡ
֮ǰǵĲ¯ӵľ飬͹ġ
Ҳ뷨
˴걻ȡůĳëèŵ˻ԱߣȻԼһ˽ȥ
쵽˵С
˲죬ȴûֹ﷢
ҹɫܳ
ڶգһ졣
˾ʢѾǳˡ
ǰҪЩ緹ǺǾֵҹƽʱ׼£ҲǺȻѹ
ٵһΣȻǸΡ
ʼɬίʾ˾˯߶࣬òô硣
ҲɻǼ֣Ҫɵ
ǳٵԺҲûĵҪɻˡ
ѾϰΪˡ
ľãһ˵ֻҪһҲˣҲټ˯ȥˣСֱһ¥ȥ
Ҳ⡣
ǽ첻ȥҽٽ꣬ҽѾرˣſʱЪҵӡ
֮һһ緹ʹ͸ԼȥæˣǿûϢʱ䣬Ͷ磬ķʱš
һӴɨһ飬ΪǲŰû£һҲǰɾƽʱʰģδɨûôۡ
һæ꣬ͺȥһй䡣
ӻͦģǰûкúõĵˣҲʱ䡣
緹ûڼԣֱӵһй䣬һ߾˺óԵġ
֮⣬һЩûȥҲҪ˳ȥ
ﶼ˲ˡ
ȥׯһЩƥţһ¥ƺôˣû͸ʲô֮Ķ

49
֮,ΪҪҲ٣˵Լĺɰ,󿪿ڵǽȥ,ô,һûЩ
̧ͷ˿߸ߵ¥ЦŴӦá
ҽǮܶ࣬Щļʡ
һ¥棬̾Ск,һȥһʵλ͹ҪЩʲô
¥רһЩ鱦ε,ȻŮӵ֬ˮ֮ĶҲ١
ƽﲻЩ,ǰûǲϲƤ,òžѾܺÿˣҪЩױƺҲϲˬˬģ
ֱȥǱߡ
ȥǱ߿ţȻӲͬŮǰֺÿ,һЩûġҲÿȫ˾òʡ
һ,Կÿ𣿡
֣,ÿǺÿ,ǱģĶһ¡
ϲ𣿡ʵ,ȻȡŲġ
ͷͦÿġ
󲿷ŮӺ͸Щ棬ǺȤģҲ⡣ҽǮһ⣬Ϻõ̬ȣʣԼ֮ǰӵǮҲ٣ЩÿģҲûƴǣԼҲĵѡš
˳ҲڰϺԼѡš
æѡƣû˼ġ
͵͵һСһ׺׹ĺ
˵ʱóһĵҿҲͦÿģһϰɡ
ţɻĿ˿ãͺһ㰡
Сʱ򰵴ʱ򣬾ͱĵĴϡ
˼˿ȡЦ
ϲ׻û˵ʲôһǮ
ŶˣĸͲϴġ
Сϸ׵Сϣˣҹĩ˴µһأڿвͣҡš
Ǽʱȥӭˡ
һϾѾڼ¯⣬ζԺò˵оڼҸһ֮һܹԵķϵرĺãԼһЩӶ˵˳֮ﴥֻͨ˲ٵĶ
ٴ
ȫһΧڳϵĺ濴ġ
ϷĲС
СĹСӴѴѵץ˹Ӹ֮ģСǸ˵УлĻ˵˲ٵİ껰
ʱȥڡ
ϰ˽ӣһֵġ
ȵ˴һ͵ݵʱˡ
Ҳʱǻһүүס
үүҵϵģЩλǼ֮ûиһסһطΪүүĺʵ̫ˡǼȫס£˶ˣ¶Ҳ͸ֵ࣬ͦĵģ츸Ǿ͵˴Ǳסˡ
ƽЩʵټݡ
˹ڣǱˣǶȥ
㵱ֵͦģǷֿ֮󣬴ҵĹϵǢ˲٣ƽʱҲǺͺġ
үүŮƽʱҲһϵӣûرϲСӣŲʲôţҽݿĲ֮ǰֹѪҩͷһ飬λҲѵõذȥ佲˼䡣
̻Ƿ˺
һپнķ֮󣬴Ǵ˶һ
Ȼȥݴ
ææµµϣһ˶˯ˣȫҵԺűˡ
ĺţССڲ棿һѿţҪˡ
ڴϵĺļ
Щˡ
𣺡ǲں㣿
šϴ·ʱ֪ŵ˭ˣܼҵǸӦǳˡ
Լ˿Ȼ֪ġ
ʱǱΪٷЩӣԾȥ˸ҽǱߣûٹҩ
Ǳβֻεһ룬ȫûеԵĵĳ̶ȣųǣƣ⣬ȫˡ
ǵһϵźͺУҵҲ˹
¥ʱҲöˡ
˵һ£ܼǱߵˡ
Ϻ츸һӾ֪ʲôˡ
ţܼҵļ˷һˣ׺ӶᣬȻżСôˣһֱЩܣ˯˯ֱһѪ˳һֱڡʹ
ÿ·䣬Ȱȥɡ
ΪſܻᵢһЩʱ䣬Ͼ°¯Ӹ
ܼҵЩ˲ֵۣԼɲܶˣڴҹһ˱ѣ˴¡
¯ӵĻʵܲˡ
ϣ˰˰ˡ
ԡ׿˵֮ǰûǰôãЩڲϵıϸһѪ˳һӾͲˡ
ʵҲǿģڸҽǱ߿ҩԶʲôõЧ
Ǽܲסһӵ̰ͼ˼Ҹӡ
ңǵĿУҲδزǰ󱸣أҲûʼôذɣʱڻЩҩͺˡǵҽѾӦǣ֧ġ
ܼû뵽徹Ȼô졣
óһҩȷ£ȻץһЩҩ¯ϰţʾܼ˿ŵȻſ˵ȸտʼҪغܶˣ֮ǰһֱҩĻκþѾܽӽˡ
ҲӦ֪ҪѶ١
⻰͵Ĵ˳
ǵȻףͻٶȫκãҪô࣬ɸҽݺһ𵱳ģ΢бȽ϶񻯵򣬾ͻҩ뷨ȫͬ
ǸʱģʼκõĻٻһ
ڣһ϶Ǵסģʼҽݸǵ⳥ӸǻծӣټҪκҪӡ
Ҫһǧˡ
ҿҪӽǧӡ
ô࣬ҽܹоʲôҲˣǺԵģ˼ҩҲûõķӡ
ʲôûеõ׻ǧǸҽҲǿõģʲôҼʮĵط
ǧҽ˵ȫǸСĿǱҪҲǿġ
ʱֵòɿҲһܹõӡ
ϵɫ̫ãǵĵԼ벻Ǳߵ̬ȣ϶ܹһΣܹڷڶΡ
ڸҽݻֱӸһȻ֮䣬ڸĸѡߡ
ڻûû취ָͱڼˡ
͸ĸʱĹϵɲãȻĸֲҲֻΪ뿿ϣһֱֵĲ飬϶б뷨
ϣҲΡ
ϵΪ˼˸ѡأ
ڣֻ̱ϣźҩȻָһ

50
,ҩܼ˾ͻȥˡ
ûӣҲûҩ,ֻܰյʱҸҽǱҪӲźüơ
ʣµ,ʵҲûʲôˡ
ܼǱһֱ,ܸĸҪԼĶӣԼĶӵµҲĬҲǺǵģԤ,ֱǿһܵ˸ҽǱ,е鶼˳
ֵ÷зġ
ҽıɱ,ҲѾٸ봦
ЩϢ֮ҲЩĬʵ鷢չ,Ҳû뵽ġ
ʼĴ㵱УʵҪκĲǴӸǶ⻹ǷһЩǮԺܼʮ궼ڻծ,ҲӦеıӦ
˭뵽һ,ܼҾȻˣܵ˸ҽǱȥҩ
ڸҽ鱻ع,ڻٸ,ǲûоöԷʲô޹ġھ鵱Уܼݺϴ,ľǸҽСȸֵΣԲ˾ãϴ⡣
ֵô󣬸ҽ֪ͬġ
ûκεΪȫĬ¡
ڵõ³ҲȻ

˸ҽݵǰΧһֵˣ³һѪʹѣ֪ԼϾҪˡ
ԭϴδǱ߻ص֮ͳ׵ˡ
û취´
ĵӲô޼ɵֻҪˣԶҲ֪ЩΪ׽ˣǮͼҪ
ܹƴһӼ͵ܳ˸ǣΪһöҩ衣
ϴദ֪ԼòôڸҽǱߵʱҲΪҽǱߵĵ飬֪ʵ൱ĿݣֻҪǳҽǿռ˵ģҽΡ
ڵϣʹҪһǷµǮԺĻ
Էֻһ䵭ߣȻƮƮ˵㻹ǵǼңҪʲô𣿡
ǲţ㡭㡭
ѪҺˣԺֻһͷ֪ˣСʲô֪
ȫ󣬶Էʲôʱ֪ġ
һУŷ֣ƺʼʱСǼƺһЩ⣬ǲĴ˼Ӧþ֪ǵĴ㣬ԲŻġΪʲô˿ʱСôףǼ˵ʱ򣬴ǲġ
üΣѿﱳ˼Һöء
˺ð죬ŲʵǵҲûȥҽǱߣĻκ𣿡
ν˵ֻҪӣܹκá
һ̣޾Ļں޳У֮þòɢû̫̰ģҪȥ˼ңô˵пܻᱻκá
˼ҿܶǻôǮ
ûӸҽǱߵջֱӾ߿òܹͬ
ϧһֻ
Ҳûкˡ
ֱһ̣ԺﶼһֱЩ
Ļ̥ˣõԼӦеĽ֡
ҲûٹЩˡ
ǼңĿǰ飬һǽܵܵҽѧͽһ׼ķһˡ
ѾȥˣҽӦ¿ҵˡ
ڿҵ֮ǰһ˴ֳغ˹
СֱӸһסһ˵ĴԺ
Ҫסķ䣬͸ǲúˣֱסûˡ
ڽСʱŻȻСƺûѧ֣Ҳ֮ǰˮ죬ֳܹΪڣѧ˼˼֮֡⣬Ҳûʲô
뵽ԣȷһ£ڶûѧ𣿡
ʵܻɣֻһڣʵѾڿʼˣԸ˵ⲻûܵġ
ʹ֮Сҡҡͷûпʼѧ
Ҳ˵ҲֻСʱѧһЩڴô꣬ʵҲûôҪ֣ʱǵͻСҲûмǡ
޸ʱܵҲࡣ
仹Сء
飬ҲǾãܶѧһЩǺõģϾ֪ʲôʱ򣬺ܾܹܿˡ
С˵Ǿһ߿ʼ֣һ߸ѧôҩʶֵҩġûлָ֮ǰϴʾһҽΪɵ鼮ġ
СͿʼϸֵҩ֮ġ
һϣһҪӴѧҲ׼ܡ
Сĵͷţ磬һúѧġ
֮ǰڼѾ˵ܶ飬ҪѧϰǶһܴĻᡣԼҲͬĺԸӴһЩȻЩΪǺá
ҲģһӾʹڴ棬µµΪ
Ŀûôȷ뷨ûôľ׼ֱϾ͸ҪϽѧϰĸࡣ
˵ܵˣֵ֮䣬ĳЩơ
Сı֤ЦǵԴãǺúѧϰĻʱǴóԵĺģòã
ǵģȻֳغҪӸĸҲǳĶ£ϻǹɵĵͷĻá
վĬĬĿǵĻһ˫۾Ц⣬ʱҲӹ˻ܵ˵˵ĶԣʱѧúˣǿǰԼҪʲôˡ
õܵѧϰѣСܵܶĶ¡
㲻ôѧҲɻŬȥѧȥġ
һ㣬ӹɡ
ֻǼ򵥵ֶѣԶԶﲻҪƴʲô츳֮ĳ̶ȣܹѧʵˡ
˵ʹСҽݣҲʱʶҪ׼Ļȫͱ˵Сֵķıǰû뵽ЩҲû뵽
ǾסϣҪĺܣҪż
˸ǣһС֣ͳš
˻ϵС֣˿ЩıȸԾСоƺҲܲ
ҲӵһɰС
ǵĺܹܵôµĻǾ͸òˡ
Լĳ಻ǷǳƯÿһŵʱкܶİĿŹһĻСӦҲƯɡ
ôһ룬Ҳ̲סЩġ
Ҳ룬ʱûôҪӣͻСءǲųװ꣬ҪСϲദ
ôһ룬ƺСҲûôҪˣȾܵŰɣҲһģûܺӵķգֱֳɵġ

51
ֽ鼮Щ,صҽΪҲҪѧϰѽֵ¸˹ȥ
Ūҩĵʱ,̡
ŵ׵,ȻȻˡ
С,ķᵽ˽ԣĽʵҲǳĿ죬ҪȥһµĻҲǲԡ
ô,ʵѧе൱⣬رʡ¡
ٶȿ,֪ʶҲܹڻͨ,ԷһЩ۵ҲԿóⲢûʲôʶͽӴˣЩӱĽǶ,ʵȤÿسʱ򣬲õʱ̫ˣԷͰǰ֪ʶˡ
ѧʵ˳ɾ͸ʮ㡣
޲ðԼ֪ȫһԷȥ
ȻԼԺǴҪڿƾ·ߣǷӲû˾Ͷʦϵ,ʵϣԺδԽ,ҲŸ
޼պҪǶϹٳ,ԷһȻͬı
֮໥֡
оҸǮǺܶġ
ǳĸ,ǵ涼һ£ԷҲûΪԼСĽ,͸евͲһ㣬ԺҪĻǾ͸ˡ
Ͼٳû죬ԼСԼҲòġ
Ե껹̫ˣѧ꣬ȽаյʱȥɡȻ͢񣬶Ҫһ㣬Ҳûƿˮȥε˼
ֻԶѣҲʲôȷĸı䡣
֮ļȥûʲô˼
ǴѧĲ๻ˣһ˳Ͽһ֮ȫ㶨
ġ
ȻףҲȰҲûǿҵԸֻǱϾǵӵģЩƾϵĸϢʱ֪һ¶ѡ֪൱ģҲǽһԼ
򵥵Ĺ󣬷ӾͽŸ𽲿ˡ
һȥûǡ
ҽ˲֮͹涨˿ʱ䣬ѧϰڼ䣬ܿϾ츳ʱʱıŴ˼·Ҳǽܲ˵ġοֲֹһˣܹЩϣ˿ɽܲˡ
ҪѧϰҲͬġ
ӿǻҪϿģڲʱ򣬶ԷԼѧϰ
Ǯ֮ͲĿˣһЩصģŻ򶼻ƼԷȥҽݣٵȵȡ
Ȼҩ󣬵ǸǱȽŻݵģҽָߣһЩأҲԸȵ
ΪˣûĵģҲǴȫһԤá
棬Ҳ׬ЩǮԭֻſҩ׬ǮˣЩЦá
û죬߰ѷһҲ͹ˣǱߵѾѷһ˽͸͸ˣ͹ʱһһ׼һߡ
˵൱ܵˡ
·ϸͼɵ˫ºܿľͳͣбŷâֻһ£ܿóⶫж
Ĵ֮£ܿľ˷
ּ졣
һΧŷһţоһСҲ̫ˡ
ȻҲ߻ֻһЩȽϴǳģһҲԹָŪˣϽսľԡ
΢΢һЦֻҪ˾ͺˡ
ֹɲǼ򵥵ͺá
˵Ҳû㶼һʵͼ
һ൱ֿ䡣
ϵЦȣƺҲ˲ͬϸƺǸеˣҲ˸Ӳˡ˷һָܵٶܹ֮ȷԼӦÿԿˡ
һˣƽ緹ǹͬһ˵סլԵģ磬ֱӾҽݺԺԴĳ
磬ϰһǰһЩؼȥ׼
ȵҽݹŵʱ򣬾ֻˡ
ֳغСһȥæˡ
ţڻȥ·ϣ͸˿ڣҪˡ
ţӦ֮ҲЦ˳԰
Ҫ￪𣿡
һ£ЩĿû뵽ȻôɵĴӦˣȻʼġϾһ£ôɵľˣﷴЩֵֹġ
ǰ˻Σˣʲôأ
ع־ķӦˣԷһֱºˣЩ˼ЦЦӦ̫ˣЩӦ
Ȼ˵Ĵ㣺ӵĻ֮ǰҲѾˣͿҽݸͺãƽʱҪûµĻҲܹæȻһæ
Щüӣֱ֮ǰӵӾˡ
ͷһûӵĻֱͿˣԺƾ٣ʱҪǿ˵Ļʮа˾žͲˣʱҪȥĵط
ֱĻûҪ
ϾǼûһʺ·ˣȵʱ뿪ˣҲûˡ
ãһԺ󶼲һһֱ
֪ģã֮ǰҲôģĻʵҲ˶ӡ
Ҫ֮һЩϣ֮ĻǮ
ǣҲȷ˹˿ͣݶԷƳʵ֮ȻȥʵĲϡ
巻ͲׯЩ⣬Ҷ漰ںĻƾҵĹϵܹļ۸Ҳ̫ӡ
²һֱȵؼ֮Ͱ¸ϣͬҲܸˣǸǮҪٸһЩ
˵ţҪԼߣ׼ȥó
Ͻס˹ϵǹģ֮ǰҵЩû꣬Ǹģء飬ΪͨǱֵ߳ģ嶼Ƕ˽ġ
ϸ֪ȫࡣ
ô˵Ժ󣬾ӦҲ࣬ǲĵ˵㲻˿ҪǵҪ𲻺˼˵ЩǮģҶǱء
ʵøŵġ
æҡͷİҪĻһῪڵġ
տʼҽǮ϶Ǵ㽻ԼģֻǻûдӦҲûⷽ˼ǾֱžͺܺˡϾжٳֵģҪõĵطܶࡣ
ԼҲӣȱǮ̫ǮûôȤ
ֻǸϲԼ׬Ǯű˵ģǮģڶԷǰҲ첻ƹܵġ
һ棬ǻȻ˾ͺԱոռ޽Ǻ˼ֱƹôһǮ
ЩǮҪǱˣҪҩ֮ģֱáͬʱҲ˲ٵһǿСƤ׼ÿ˵ʱһЩ
ʣµģ϶ˡ
Ҳ˵һж֧õģʡǮһˣԼԴģСӵУСǸģҲٸɣ˫һֱܺáҲûжƴǣТĸҲӦġ
ԼҶбµ£Ҳûʲô⡣
Ҳˣһ˵Ļʳûÿ춼óԵҸ


52
Ǹᵽ,Ȼȵϵʱһ飬,ȫûκ,ͨͨʾ֧֡
,ڵڶ죬ͿʼΧĵط׼ѡһʵΪ档
ھѯ֮󣬳ɹԱߵӡ
Ȼװ޲,Ϊ֮ǰװҽݵľ飬һҲ·,ʹ뷨,ۺϸڣ˺ʵľˡ
ЩȫŪҪһʱ䣬Ҳû,ҽ߾˸ʾԼῪӵ鴫˳ȥ
ҩĿˣܶ඼ǼСǮƵˣһЩͥԣŮӺ͸ĳ͡Ǵ඼ǹ,ʱʱҽûµĻĶ
ȻһֱҲЩҲǾ̽
ǲ򻤷,ҽ߰õҩ裬ҲǺǺ档
Ҳ,ڿĸòƺʵĸʾʱ,в˾ͺʡ
ͻ˲ٵͼЩ,˼Ѿƹ·ģһʣֱ˳ò˵ͼ൱һ൱Ưһ۾ܿжʡ
ǳ˱òʡ
˿ˣֿ˵ЩͼĻҲԸϲϲʣɫȵȣܵƳʺĿʽȵͼȷ֮󣬲Żʽʼ
ͬʱеĿ˱Ĵ粢ʣֻһѪĸʵȻḴӵķʽ֮Ҳٵķˡ
Ǽ򵥵һЩ飬ǿԵġ
ǼͥԣĹСҲܹڴ´ҵʺԼķģֱǺܶȲҪġ
ָ֮󣬻ȥı˷͵ˣãȫĲơ
һʱ䣬һѸײڶ֮ƣҪڼ̵ʱ֮ڣӵš
ӶûװɣѾӵ˲ٵĶ
ԣֹʣµԤԼܻһ
һκϸһλˣɵЩпΪʼʱѣںܳһʱ֮ڣûԸ⣬û뵽ھȻôס
ʵ֪Ƴ·ǺÿģϾ߶Ƶ·ߣҲζţ·ļ۸ѰȣһЩ
ԼǱȽϽڼģĻ϶ǲԸ⻨ôǮȥһ·ġ
û뵽һоȻô˳
ϸһ룬ҽＸʮһС޵ĻƷҪʱȱ״̬֪Щ˻΢һЩӣȥһʺԼҲôԽܵġ
ƫͷü۽ǶЦ⣬һ˫Ư۾ǵڷһɵ׽סԷָ󣺡Ҳ̫ۣһ·Ҫߣ࿴ԶȻ۾ڴ״̬֮£ͻῴġ
~΢ϳ˵ӣԵñҪԾһЩ㵽ʱŵʱ򣬾ͽһ𣿡
飬ʵ嶫Ҳ˵ġ
ǰѧϰһ󣬾ͳҽæ߳ߣҲǺ˵ġ
𲢲۾ĽˣϾִʱ򣬹ڵĸٹֱ̣ǿ̽ˣϰˡοӼоôʱ䣬ҲҪõϢ
ȻǺЦӦá
һȥ˺ԺʱûŪãѾ׼ʼ֮ǰӵĶˣһʹõʱһЩ´ŵͷӶ飬ûаᵽǰǷںԺǱߵ
Ӱ첻飬żС˵غ߳
֪Էжˡ
ҲΪˡ
һҵˣٵǰߡ
һʱ֮󣬸ڵҲװ޺ˣѺܶԼĲϵȵȶ˹ȥҲʽĿҵˡʱѾһʣյ˶Է൱Ĵ𸴡
ʣ»кܶ·ûЩƴֵģֱӰ֮ǰƵͼȫ
ƵģͬķӦ
ͬʱһĳ֣˲ϯֹǵϣԶԶĵطٶȣȫϲٶȡܶ˶ߣҪõڸ߼ط
ʱ䣬׬ֵ춼ϲϡ
͸һӻҷָģ֮󣬻һ֡
ֱӽӹ൱ķģһκЧͺܺãֱǮʡ¡
һθһȣʵõǮûôࡣ
һεֹѪҩķӾ͸һǮͬʱкķֳɡһûеӵǮˣϾֹѪҩĻѱ˽ʲô䷽һֱŷȥǷһͲͬˡ
Ҫ˶ãͻƵĲƷ
ʱͻСܶࡣ
ϣǱҪľ٣ֳֻɣȥ٣ͷһָ١ûʲô⣬ԭֻǴһ㣬˵ͼҪǱҵĹһֵġ
үүڣ𲢲ԼԿ
ҵĴڣֻҪţ˵һεıӻ
ϾЩ˸Žᡣ
Խ࣬õάҲ͸ࡣ
οеľ鵱УҺ˵ģԾеŻԽԽңΪʧȥԼıӻȫǵ£Ȼ׳ġ
ԾԼӦòôԽԽãҲϣġ
ߵδúǻң㹻ԱŻãǱߵɣǰү̺һȺݵģȻүүЩûйĸ飬ܿԷúûŵĵȻˡοԺЩʲôҪ˺ĻڣҲҪࡣ
ּǱߣȻҲӵ顣
ӣǶǺպġ
ٵĹ͸˽ﶼӡ
Ҫ˵ĻûԵЩƵġ
ͺҽʼǻƷҲһģûŮӺ͸ǲģҶҪøƯƷô󣬺ܶ˶ģȽǱߵƵȵȣҪһЩ
ͨ˵Ǻܹ󣬵ǲȥ󣬺ĴһֵǮȻȥܲҵʺԼķ
ҪܹĻǾһӵˡ
ܹһӱҵʺԼװ磬ǮͲ˺
ЩҶ൱ĶģһЩ۰ӼͥҪԼҹŮ߸ǰȥһʵģÿһ㡣䵽ˣҪ࿴ˣҲ͹ȥŪһ
ЩҲûȫʵ֣ΪߵĶ̫࣬˸ʾͣӵˣҪ°꣬Żٴοʼ
ּҲϣȻҲ֪ˣ飬൱ķŭ
ôܻôЩܹܣֵģǼĸĻôܻᱻȥѧ壬ڵˣѧˡ

53
С,һֱֻߵһġ
ȥѧ壬ҲֻΪҪѧץ,ӲǳҲȥѧˡ
ѧ,ѧЩˡ
νܵˡ
,Ҳ̲סС˼
⣬ӿʼЩ֮󣬾ͺԤƵҲûзϹ,ڿ̵У˶䷽,ܻᷢһЩͻȵ,ʵȷʵҲˣķӡǻûΪʲôӦ䷽й¶,СЩ¥ȫˡ
֮ÿһΣҲͬˡ
ǲòûǿķˣΪ˼òŷ,ֻҪĵȴ죬Ȼͻᴫȥˡ
Ҳûл·,ִͬʳƷ·̯һ,Ҳû˭治ȥˡ˻ǵķ,ԼֻΪЩ̫,Ҫôߵļ۸ǲܵˡ
ҲֻܸŽۣҲǮǿ֧
ˣǰΪ͵ķӸңڼװŶǺܺãʲô¶еѵӵĻȫ˵ļơڷÿζͷ֮ҲĴˡ
˵һ֮ͨӾԸŪ˸̯ӣЩС̯һ𣬶һط̯
˵Ǳ߾൱γһʳ֣۸񻹲ߣϵ˾ͰȥһֵĲС
óӦĲ٣ÿλؼȻۣ˵ҲЦģ廹һǮȻ֪˼Ҿж٣űǼҵ̯λҪ࣬ûʼĲ»Ҫ˻ͳĬˡ
״֮Ҳû˵ЩʲôˣʼҲֻǻڶԷһԵķӸңͼǵ̬һӾ͸ıˡ
ЩվҲЩС£ӺôҲǿ̰׬Ǯġ
ҪĲǰ˶࣬ܲﾭóжǹڶ׼Լˣ˽ʹˡʱ޲ԼϳȥֻϧԼҲܳԿģСͷ¶棬չл
⻹ǿѹ֮󣬲еľ档
ܴ죬Ǳȴ
һӳֵܣǰȱ˹úãڲȴˣѲΪ˸еķҡ
Ŀ˵ˣ˵Щʲôãֻܸ¡
ȴֱ׳˵ȥѧǮɲˣôͲ˵ˣʱǴ壬رۺӵģ˭ӶûȻͼѾͷȥѧ尡ϾŵտʮģĿֻһǮѧġ
ǮˣƲǲеġ
˼Ҫ˵ЩʲôΣǳĬûпڡ
ܹҲ
̫̫ʱȴǴʱڴģʵԭ̫̫ҪԼӵģҲ֪ԼСӵĵԣĻۣҪСڴǹƻýŶ黹ǻǡŵ֮ʱʱĿţߵĻҲôۣôеá
Ǻʹӱȣ໹൱ԡ
Ϊô飬Ӳ֪ٴˡ
ȫƤЦĶˡ
̫̫ϰˣôصģǸϴϣڻӣ㹻ʹãӣԸԼҲˣҲûӳ
ϻص˴ϾͰԼĹ˵̫̫
ߣǻּ֪ҵĴ㡣
ϾѾ޳ȥˣϸּҵˣû˵̵Ļܹ޵ĸҪǮġ
ûּܰĲ飬ԾԼ׬ǮˣҲֱǮһЩصֵ֮ǮĶһЩԵģһЩ·ȥ
Ҳװ׵ĸ˵ˣڼûʲôǮĵطûʲôˣԶּңǲǮ
ʲôҪģǿֱӸ˵
Ϻֹ㸣Ҳ֪ԼӣСǼģںӳˣˣ˱ܹôǮеĵλҲԽԽߣǰܷһСӵ뷨ڼ˵ʲôǶȽˡ
ȻּҵķԼҸĸҲûʲôҪ
ϵʱҲ˵飬츸˹ȥɫǱȽϳصġ
𿴵ı飬һӻЩһʲô𣿡
ҵİ䣬ʵû˵ر
Ϊھ鵱УһָĴԽߣҲֻҽһЩ츳Щ츳κԴĲ֢һֱܲڱҽ֮·֮ϴҲ͸ӵĲˡ
ڼȥʲôط
ҲǴˣżҲ١
£Ϊ˲̼Ǳʲô飬츸綼
֪飬Ҳֻ֪ǲǾһڱĶУȻˣ滹г͢ˣǸģͲ֪ˡ
츸ڵҲ֪ȻһҶ󣬵ҵʵҲСһֱһġ֮⣬͢ҲǱԽһֱмƻôǨ˲Ǳߵ˵
Щ˺Ǳصͨ飬ºӣ뷨Ҳĸı䣬źۼľӰ
ڣˣ֮ǰҾ˳ޣֹѪҩͷһȡ˾޶󣬸˼ޣҾЩˡ߸ջһ˵֮ǰڳ͢ҲһЩ֮ͣ󣬹Щʲô飬һֱǼ֮ĹϵҪ
о棬̫ȡ
ھƺǻңеš
û˵
츸˵ƽľƱˣΣգоǱߣҲ˼̽Ļӡ
ôģ
츸ҡҡͷЩŭûȷǱ˵飬ͲúǣȴѾ£ˣʱⱱԽǱԽ˵ıԽǾܻȡˡ
Ѳɳ͢ô˵ģԹԸ˰æ

54
Խܹ֮γһó͢Щ޿κε,ʵҪǵǵŽ⡣
ֻ͢Ҫһ߾ͻǣһȫ
ЩˣȻ͢Ķ,ʱﱾѹȥ,ɲͱ֮ˡ
ûʲô,ĿУĹҲԼĹңԶڱԽڲȥû̫뷨˵,ʱ̫,û׼ûں,ͻӭһˡ
ȻҪҲֻһͨˣľҲܹϻ,˵ļҹ¡
ٶ࣬Ҳֻܴʵûаá
ȹ˵Ĳˣŵͷ,ЩҶ֪ˡ
ǵȳȥˣ̽Եʵ
ȵȡ츸ֹ,ҽһ,,Ǳһֱڶǽ£ʵҲûʲô,˫ƽ⡣Ϊ߾Ƶı仯Ҳ˵ݳ֦
һǳеĶӡ
ӣ棬ڶӵ¾ԸңͷԼ򵥣ȱģ൱Ĳ̹˿˼ɺλҪǲͷˣĻѵ鲻õԭֱӸġ
йʺ󣬱
ȴǲá
ǳܵ𷣣Ҳɲ·
ϻʵ۸Ūˡ
⡭
Щò鵱УǼΪûнܶɵԲŵûˣ
װ֪¶ӵȻǸӣǹ̽Ľ켫ţֱ˵ˣҪǲ˳ǣҪǺˡ
ǳҽģǺܿҲ㣬ʱעһ£ÿ磬ҺǹʱһȥҲҪжչŵ
츸Ҳ֪ԼСܴ󣬼Ҳܾ׼Ͼûʽѧ䣬⣬ҲʱѼϣԻһ˶һʱȽϰȫ
Ӧ
ȥ֮󣬰Ҳ˵һ飬ȥ֮󣬾ͰҪõĶҽݵĺԺ棬ƽʱҪŵĻͽһ𡣡
šЩǣû뵽ĻӣȻ飿
ǾöӲˣϾӳ壬ǮƣΪ˼Ӿʲô飬ϾЩҲûãҲֹѪҩھô󣬵Ҳûҩ۸Ҳ˵ԷЩӵ⣬˵ԷҪ¡
Զӵ·һȻٰвԷóģٲУΪãܾ͵ԼòҲ˵õĽˡ
ʱڸЩд֮˵¡
Ǹֲͬˣ˭ûһôݣָ͵Ҫ˼Ҿء
ɽŵİȦԼıΧڡ
µߵȫӶָӵģ˶ӱϾҲ⣬ͨ㣬һҪõʱ̫ˣһ˼ҵˣҪˮ㣬ȰˣֿǼġ
ϾѾ൱˺ˣΪ϶ˣȻǲΪЧЩ˶Բɾû֮ˡ
Щֻһֵǣʵϣھδ֮ǰյģڴˣɰģʽţûзʲô顣
ֻּǱߡ
Ϊֳغƽﶼס̫СҲǳں͸ĸ棬֮صʱˡϼ춼ȥһˣּңڶϺֹ㸣͹
ҲĴ·̲̫ԶҲᵢ̫ʱ䡣
һҲһ
ص֮ͷָĸɫ̫ԣȻǺ飬Ц棬ǾܸоΧһɳϢɵĿĸȻʵзʲô𣿡
æҡҡͷûʲô
ֶۣϺֹ㸣Ųѵʱ򣬲ջߣǺðɡ
Ϻֹ㸣˿ںԽԽúŪˡ
Ը֪ܹ֮ȥ̫̫ĳͻ
Ͼ̫̫ӣΪǺܲТģӹúܺãԭվߵˣָָᷴʱˡʱչǶõġ
һ˶Ͳˡ
Ϻֹ㸣ģתȥʱܵܶһۣ°΢һ̧СĬĵ˵ͷȻ˳ȥ
һ߿ˣ̲סЦ⻹Ĭÿڣ֪Էʲô
ȻϾôãִȻһܹʲô˼ˡ
ûãСͿٵܻˣȻžİȫ˵ˡԭּǱϺֹ㸣Ҫӡ
˵ڶ׬ǮˣϺֹ㸣Ȼֻǰ˵ģֻһϵķãܲܵӵĳԼĵȴİɡ
˵ܶΪ׬ӾۺˣǾ̫̫⻰˵Ĳ֡
һȰϺֹ㸣˵̫̫ǵף޲ǵĸĸ˼Ѿˣǻ׳Ҫ͸ĸƽôˣô꣬ûرҪرġ
Ϻֹ㸣챿׾ˣҲ˵ʲôĻ
ҲǵãҪǲϼǱռˣȻ˼˵Ҫʲô͸ʲôϵû̫࣬ҪӣôһĻͲ
ֳغǸģûжҪӣϺֹ㸣ɲĵЩûȻľ͵֪ˡ
ǿȻ·ܻ𱬣һ·Ҫʱɲ٣ټǰڵͶ룬ʲôӡ߲ϡװ޵ȵȣ϶𻨵ӡ
ǼҸûаͶȥ׬ء
Ϻֹ㸣Ҳ벻Ȼһ·Ǽļ۸
£ǻû١
ܴܵϢ֮ɫͳˣϺֹ㸣һָ֪֪ˡæ͵ûиϼҶӡ
̫ţֱʵ׸˶٣
ԥһ£塭ࡣ
ֱӱɫ໹ࣿһôҲû˵Ź˶ãҪҲʵĻǲǴӶȥ
ȵûˣǲŸң
ֳغӵ֮ǲ𣿡
ûûС˵ûд㲻ܣﻹʣһЩûҪЩȫȥ
ﶼдء

55
,ھУʵ㲻϶ࡣҪǸּңǾ͸˼Ƶһࡣ
ּҶҲ,Ŷٵ㰡,ҽտҽȵĸ,ǵڣΪĸģϺֹ㸣ֻӣ
ǿ,ԸȽִ֣ʵʶԸĸǺܺõġ
ЩӶ,ûӣ
ּôʱ,ҲһЩǮǼܲסҲãǱ߻ʱʱĻ˳һЩȥ,˳Ǳ߿ʲôûУѵҲ١ȻǺ͹˳ˣɻסּңûȥ͹˳һ
Ҫ˳ǱҲûܹסĵط
˳󣬹Ҳйɰ,οҲּ֪ҵʵϿ,ҲͲܸŮƵģһסּҡ
Ҳżˡ
Ͼ޹ϵ,ʱҲʲôܲˡ
ҲΪЩ,̫̫еҪһӣǸֱϸӵ,һⷽ㣬ǶϣּȻҲ
Ϊⲻɣ˳ֲ뿪ǱߵĹϽԲŰˡ
Ҫ޷ӣּķҲõģҪޣôһЩǮȫԶڴϺֹ㸣޶ӣ̫̫ڱصˡ
ּңȻųӣ϶زסķˣ߲ѡԼ֪ĸԼѾͦˣöǷȶſʵǱߵôҪȥģ
տʼǾ˵⣬˵Ǽȥѧģ˲ٵǮϢˣҲܾô˼
Цˣǻ˲ٵǮǮҲǵȥͷ̹ģֲǻǵӣ˵Щ
;ȥ̹ɿǮȫ̡
ֳҪһȥ£ȻǮǲģºʹ˾ֱȥˡ
ҲΪףСŸϧƴѧࡣ
Ͷ˶˵һС˵ģ֪ԼҺӣſڣû˵ת˵ģ˵ģ˵ûзּ֮ǰǮȫǹеģ̵ģġ
ǾеˣƲסе塣
ҡҡͷּ֮ԼӺùˣûߺţСͿۣȻǰûȥҲ˺ۼҲ֪̻Щˣ˵Ҳ˵ͨģţһЩҲվǱߣǼӺùˣΣҲǸĸ
ҺҲû취΢һЩҲࡣ
Լ˭ܹţǵĸͼ޳ȥĸûӡ
ÿػСģҲϵʵö
ֻĺùˣǮˡ
Ĭ֪˵Ҳе
ⲻǼ򵥵ķּҾ˵£Ȼǳ޵ĸּڣּҲĴھָʲôܲסȫ嶼˽֪᲻˸ĸҲ֪ҶּҺãؼңܸܵǱȥˡ
£ǮˣĸôûУĸӺùˣôТ
ʵѭˡ
͵ŶۣûŷࣺҲû٣һӣҲ˵˼ûӣҪǼ˼ֱ͸Ƶģҷͳȥӡ
˵ҲЩ
ﶼԼúõģһӾͱⷭģЩֱӾͱӵ˵ϣ̫̫Ը񲻸ҹϣɾͲ˿ûԹˡ
ģҺѴ󲿷Ͳغˣײ˷ֻ֣һЩѰҪõġ
Ȼ϶õľ͸ˡ
ôһ˵꣬ٿСɫеǵǳ׷ˣָܲ˺ɣ
˵磬һȷʵס
ҪôԿҲԸ⡣
ˣСĵ˵ˣüӸҪȥ
ò˵̫̫һоҪЩˡ
Ҳǿ֮ǰЩ˵ʲôȥѧ廨Ǯʵ˭֪ǼҵȻһЩΪһӹԽԽã͹Ĩǵ˵һЩỰҲȱٰ˵ˡ
һΪĵֱǣоǰͽּҿûʲôôҽôһһָ˰ſ϶ЩԵǺõġ
ûԸ˵˶ˡ
˵ˣϺֹ㸣ӣ˹Ӵ򲻳ƨ˵ʲô˼ҶһЩ۸ҪǮǾվԸɰ̫̫ĲᡣҲˣȷʵûҵӣôĹ
Ǿͻ˷ʽ̫̫ˡ
ˣܸ˰ɣ
ãöòС
һʱתͷ𣺡ȥּҿ
ͷӦˣá
ȥּҾˣϺֹ㸣ûţ·ϣüͷӵ¡
һǮּҡ
ֱӾôҪҲ̫ʵ˼Ҳġ
ֲּʲôˡ
Իʲô취ǵҲòˡ
Ҳû·ŵϣҽ˹ȻԽſ£̼ٲ没һ˲˺ʹˡ
Լİ취һʱ
˾ߵּǱˡ
ҪּҵǮЩϺҲڼԺæӴ˴ôΣæڿſһԸ˰
һҲûò⻰˵ģԸǸʲôˣΪʲôţѵԼﲻԭ򣿡
һ˵ĸҪԼҲԼּ˵ûôʹġ
˵ˣߣ껹ּҵʱ򣬾͸ס𷴿ûڼˣˣӺùˣˡ
Ǳزܡ
ô˵ģ
ǰ㣬Ҳ̫̫֪ùˣԽݣѹƾԽǿ
ڣŵ̬ٿһ˿ԵģϾͷһ졣
ʱҲˣ˳Ҳһ㶣ôˣ
ôˣ˳׶ּҵϵ˽ˡ
ŸΪʲô
ȻˣﻹǸ˵ġ
ƹȥ˵̫̫ˣҹ
˳һ㶣˵̫̫վʮģʲô
Ҳû˵ڣֻȽɡ
ּҲ緹ʱˣֻǹ˳ȴûȻ˵ųԷĻܲµʲô˵ּҵ˽ģ޷ǾĻݡҲûʲôãҪȥûôס
ּһ㣬Ϊӣﻰⶼ̫ˡ
Թ˳ҲߣϹٻزʯϹּܿҳԷȿܻռ˱˵ľٶҲһֱĥţŹˡ

56
Ź˳ӳ,ᵽ˼ҵݣȻҲûʲôãôҲûŹ˳ˡ
ֱʵ֪סĸ,,ҽҲõó,רŹ
˳Ĭŵͷ·ߡ
Ҫ˵˳ӹг󣬸ֹĶԣֲû,ԼҲ裬Ϊ˵õԼҪ,ıһ˸ݸࡣּ֮Щ,ֱֻЩСϷȫֵһᡣ
֮ǰֻûӴּҵˣΪ˶ġ
Ͼ,ܱȹ
ӴˣһҲЩ˵ıˣȻЩʧҲΡ
ΨһٰζǣּЩСֶԵĿǲһ,ɽҧж,ĻŽ飬˶Է,ı˿ȥ,վڳΪ˵ȥĴ㡣
,֮䣬˫ӭϣ˶ǱȽǢġ
Ȼ󣬹˳ķ֣Ȼĺܺġ
Щ֮⣬Ҳе㽻֮С
ǲ⣬ôȥĻָܳΪѡ
ֻϧ鷢̫࣬ҰᵽϣҲԶˣ˳ʱȻЩϧҲͻãǻĲŻ᲻£Ҳ֮󣬹˳Ҳ˳µˡ
ֱҽݿô𣬻ܼ˵Ĳ
ĲˣǲɻûκãΨ𣬿Ųӡ
ȾտҽڣҪٵ˾ǣγܵʵãʱΪıĻײˡ
ôһеĵλȻȻľַ˸ñ䡣
˼ּҵֱ֣˳Щɬ
̫̫űߣôҲˣһȥ̫̫ڴϵġ
û취װȥҪǮҪ٣Ϻֹ㸣ҲôʹˣȻҪô˶վߣεѹϺֹ㸣ǡ
޵ǲֱӶԸȻ̲أϺֹ㸣иôϢĸô˵ǽҲðӽɡ
ӵģҲͿԴõˡ
ұʲô֮Ķּҵļ˶֪ûôöԸģ϶ϵǵĸϸһ㡣
ΪдҲּʱ̶עŵġ
Ϊ˿ּңʱҲмЩˣſ̫̫Ľڣ뿴ˡ
˶Ĵܲκ̫̫Ҳе档
һȥһ㶣˵̫̫ȷʵɫơ㲣˿ڴϣһۿȥԲ˻û
ͷһۣҲû˵̫̫Ѿ˰
ҲԼĸĸеһ˿ľ壬ܹ̫̫ɼŲӳֱһ漣
ʵϣּڳҲ⼸졣
Ϊ丸ĸϺֹ㸣һĶ⣬ԣϺֹ㸣̫̫ǰΪȥӣ˲ţԿġһ̫̫ûôأϺֹ㸣ǰָձһЩӣִŵûɿڡ
ȵ̫̫֮ߵġ顱أڴﴫķзҲмſ
Ϻֹ㸣ȴûٿģֻնֵҪӡ
ӱĶҳˡ
˿̫̫ˣϺֹ㸣ܣֱĸˡ
𿪿ʵ򿴹𣿡
ϵ⻹˵ҪǵǣͲˣ￴ˡ
ͷ˰˴ߣ̰ҿɡ
̫̫ûһ˫ϵ۾ֱĶţ̫õʱԽԽˡ
ִ˵ʲô̫̫ȴǷ˸˲Ըϡ
ҲȰ˵̫̫ǲ
˼Ķ̫̫գ̲ԸҿĻҾȥϻ߸ĴɣЩ󣬱ҲӦ̵ܰĲá
ϿڵòţѾҺ˴̫̫ҲֻһģӦĻԼҵҲȥ븮ĴˡҪģͰѸ̫̫ҩǮɣΪ⣬Ѿûˡ
˵Ȼֻһѧ˰ӵҰ˫ʹͨ˵ġ
һʹ⣬Ĵ򣬷Ļⲡ񲻾¶ˣɣͰƵ̫̫ĹִϣҲǲԡֻҪԸžͿˣʱǾͲţϺֹ㸣ܳŲˡ
ÿΰҩҰɣҽҩֱץҲˡ
ǿɲСЩĿȥǿ˼Ҵط⴫ģиܵİɣ
˼βҲͲһ£ͻһ˼ҲûҪģⲻͦġ
ЩЦҡҡͷβʱȷʵģܸ˰Ѿ֢κã߾йˡ
ҲõıģǴҲˣʲô߰ҳġ
⻰һ˰ǻǴȷʵģ˵һ԰̫̫κõġ
ּҲûѡʲôһ۾˿ˣһȽϻװŪ˺ȷˮȵȵģִЩȻţǿ˵˫
˵˾Щ
İǴ¼˵˳Ҳͬš
ϲĿ⿴Ҳˣ׸ӣǾ͸׼ɣװһТ˳ģȴһëΣʲôó
̫̫ôûģҲøһɣѧӣ̫̫ءҲ˵ʲôģ˭ҺӲǽУԸ֧Ȩ
⻰ҲǺļͥȻҲȷʵύУҵҲϿһҲ
ĺִЩûõĻѯ
һ϶ɫŲҪӿԣ˸̫̫ѰǲҲû£뼸ĴҲͳˣҪвʱ˵ǼǼǧҲ̫̫Ρ
Ŀţûɿڡ
֮ĺüĴֱ̫̫Ӿһۿ⡣
̫̫⸱㲵ģҲֻΪֽţɲľˡ
Ϊ±˷֣ÿ̫̫˿̫ʱ򣬶ֱתԼݴ󲿷ֶţ˷ϵױݡ
ǼȻͬ⣬Ҳûٶֱͳȥˡ
򵥵ֱӲ𴩹Ȼƾּ֣ҵͺƤûʲôӰ죬ãǻʽȽϺá

57
ּҵԺ,𵽵ʲô
˵ĨְƵۣ֬ǽȥ֮Ӧǹתȥ,ûһֱš
𰸶˵,ǲ,̫̫ĵزġ
Ļһ綼ҵҽǱȥˣҪǮҪŰѲκõ,ﻹĥĥֻһ֪ĸĴ
ûΣ,ԲŻһҲż
׼Ҫô죿
شȥһǸĵϸ,һж֮󣬲źýһ
һϲ˺ȷˮĴڡ,͸ҡײƭûʲôˣ˻ּƭӣɼƷ¡һлǵȵȵ֮󣬲¶ۡ
뿪֮Ҳûлصּңȥ峤
峤,Ҳ֪Ϊʲôˣк,ȵ𿪿֮峤ͰԼ֪˵˳Ǹ,,ʱҲһЩ˿һЩֽûȥ˶ˮ,Ǵߵûʲôȥ򡣡
漰һЩ֮˵ģҲĴ澴ηš
ţ˼صģǴҲûʲôܺߣؼܺ߱ҲһԼǱƭģôȥ飬ƺͲ̫ôˡҲֱȥǿд˼ҵ£֪ϵĵλ㣬ҲûҪ
ԺҪ;ģ飬һλεİѱ
峤Ϣ֮뿪ˡ
Կһȥ١
ٸڵҲһͷڲٸܲȥͨڻܹܵġ
ο˵λεڸ൱Ļ̰
ҲżȻصּȥ˷֮󣬲Żصȥ
һԼҴæλĵϸһߣֱӾţ״ǴƭȡŰæࡣ
ˮֶĵϸǾڵӦøһЩȻԳְ͢Ӧü٣˵참ӦûѸ١
ֵģֱҹȥûʲôʵݵģȻһӾͼй涨ÿһĶ¼ڲᣬȥ֮İ¼ȥȺˡ
ЩԱһԼġ
Ҳ⡣
ߵĵطȻ˽⣬ʵһ¶֪֮ݡ
ҲˣߺİֱӱСøˡ
һ׳ЩѲӿ״ֽǹһĨЦ˼ҵ£ȻŸ״
ûԼľֹʲô⣬ּҵ̫̫϶ǱǨƹˣˣŲµġǸҲͬǱԽˣõġ
Ǳʶ˽´;ӵȷ
ȥű갸ҲûȥˣּǱ߿ƺûзʲô֮ҲԽſˡ
ûֱϾֲּҵˣһһݣ൱ҹһǲ̫ҲϵȫȰǾ̫̫
ʱ˵ִ̫̫ŲԸΧ۵˿̫̫ˣԸԸʵҪˣЩģΪ̫̫ãǿа̫̫סȻ𿴲ͺˡ
ЩֵԭּҵҲûй
һİĿ׼˻ڴϺֹ㸣
ͳǵҲóǳġ
ڼ䣬λҲϷڴֵǼɹģ൱֣һЩ˶̲סһЩˡϺֹ㸣ҲЩסǰ˵ʱֱӰӸȥ
Ҳûġ
ҲʮϾϺֹ㸣Ҳûʣ¶ˡ
ּҵ˶ǮȻǲϰݣͶϺֹ㸣ţϺֹ㸣ҲţǸЩѾǷּõһˡ
ֹ㸣ŴɽһˣѴ򵽵ȫּҡ
һТ˳ģĳ㡣
ҲּҸĵĹǺ
ⳡϷԽԽҵʱǱжˣһȺٲֱӵ˴ּҵ˺ֹ㸣ȫһ档
ٲĳֱ֣̫̫񣺡ôˣ
ֱ˵ˣʲôȵǱ˵ɡ
Ҳ档
ٲԴ̬ȣҪúöˡ
ЩĵײٲıˣĴ൱˽ģ˶Ҳܿ
һ·棬һ˲Ҳŵˡ
ּҼˣϺֹ㸣ԼλֽĴȫץ˹
ã
ϣһоͿʼˡ
ҲһοʲôģϣλͦģŶʮӣϿ֪һλѰ·ˡԣıҲһЩģ֮Ի޷Ǿ漰һЩᣬȻŹġ
֮󣬻ǻ뿪
֮һо൱˳ˣЩװŪֶΣ֪義ЩĵطѾƽˡеֶζһһ֮󣬿ڵأϵĺˮס൱Ľţֻţ
ּҼҲͬˡ
ٲǹȥʱּҲ̫̫ڣҲһˡ
ּҵĴǱڻæϰ̯أȻûڼңҲ֪û֪ͨǡ
´Ǳߵûв룬ӴԼһ˫Ů춼æŰ̲飬ʼֻһ̯ӣŶŮһ룬һЩ䷽ҲǶౣܵĶܶ˶֪ˣԴ󷿲ŻǵĹŮҲһ
ĻͳŮӣָǵĹŮҲһŲ֪ô
ڵأϲסĴŶ£ҲǺµġ
û뵽ôǾȻᱨ٣
طѵÿʲô飬Լ
ѵǶǣȥ
뵱УӦڴǴ̣˫ʵ̫㣬ռТ֣ұðŸӡ
ôһӾͳˣ
Ŵ򱻽ҴҲ͸Ӻˡ
֮ϣǰǴֶθˣſʼ˵ּǵ飺״棬˵ͬˣͼҪʵǮд£
ʵϣѾ˽ˣĹٲҲʹ˴
Ǵҡͷˣ¸޹أԩԼģǸС˵ԸҴʵǮҵҩľͲʲôء
ҲŻӦЩҪûʲôϵ
Ҳһƭӣûʲôǻۣһ֮󣬾ȫʵʵˣʲô˵˳
ָŵ巢һ̱
ȷʵԸ̸ģһǴֶֻԼȥ̸Ÿ㣬Ҳû뵽ֳ
˳̫̫ӣţɤﶼſǻ̡

58
ﺦ,ֺ̫̫γǣһ˲һжģô,ĳ谮Ǽٵ,뷨ֻһ,ʱʶס֡
£ûʲôµġ
¡
֪ڰοڰοԼ
λĻ̫̫֮߶ԷĻǷʵ,̫̫ʱϣˣ˵Ǽٵ,ƭƭ,ֻǱװŪƭˣԲŻҪŪôǮβ
⻰һ˵,ǴҲżˣ㲡ûԼѵѹʲôûУͿĨһЩۣ֬װһǵӡ
ˣҪǲŵĻھĴ,ϿʲôûС
˵ͷʾߵȥѴ
ϵĶԻڼȻûв,ΪƭӼѾ޳ȥĸǮô˵ҪҪ١
˵Ҳί,ֻоԼ˰˱ӵĴù,֪һθھȻôֻʮĳ,תͷȥʶӼҪ
֪ڴ֪֮ͥҪǮ֮ˣڰѱ˼ϣֻܸ˵
Щ˻ԽҪԽࡣ
ڸǱ˸š
ԽԽּҵһж˵˳̫̫ǶԶһжôĶӣ鶼ѾˣȻ϶ǺòˣҲԲЩ˺ù
˵һУõĹٲǰڴҲѾˣȻҲ֪ġ
ûãٲȥҽĴҲˣһȥڵϵ̫̫񣺡ˣ̫ȷʵ岢κβʣûȾز
šͷӦ
ܿˣ̫̫ãĴţˣⶼǵļ£ҵĶӣТ˳ĸҾҪҪĶˣҲûʲô⡣ǾȻҰǸţҲҪһТ
ͷ̫̫ж಻ԣϺֹ㸣Ҫǰ̫̫ţǴڶܲ˵ġ
ʱԱߺĵ˵̫̫Щ̫ˣĸǸţҸթ
ҪôĸûУ⣬ҲûʲôžǳġǼȢһƸҲǸģûҪ㱻۸һҪһҪǧġ
Ϻֹ㸣̫࣬ľҪһЩˡ
Ȣ˵֪ȻܻôЩۣҲҪּҡ
̫̫ȻҲģ㡱˰죬ʲô˵
¾ľǿɻʲô˵
̫̫ſڵϣôһ£ϵĲױͻĲģתץסһԵֹ㸣۾ؿҲڶ£϶ҿɲܲТ˳ôȰҺ˵˵ôТǣֻҪǿڵĻǿ϶Ͳ׷ˡ
ֹ㸣ͬҲû뵽ݱڹ֮ϣûзʲôһֱҲĵġ
ֱţץָ׶ݽһۣǰĸǱͷҲģûлشҲԽżв
֮ǰǰ˵ˣҪТ
֡
һƬҲȥץֹ㸣ϵ֣סİţɩǾԭôһذɣԺ֤ҲǣǴһúദǿɶһˣôܹĿء
ˡϾľһģϵ֮ϲ޹ǵʲôط
ǰϺ̫̫һߡ
Ϻֹ㸣һ𣬽Ŵµڣᳶһֹ㸣ﻹˮ̧ͷỽһ
žû˵κλˣֻһ˫۾š
Ȼû˵̫Ļڳˣ濴󰸵Щն֪ҪԼļ顣
ֹ㸣û̫ΪʲôӻͻȻԼһ£һƬ֪ǷӦ飬ΪϵһʶľͿһϣȻϵĶ
Ͽȥһµġ
û˵ͷ൱ĵģ֪ЩĵԼǲģҲϵıЩ̣Ҫǡ
û˵꣬ͱһһȥˣּһڴܻҵȻڿ˵ֻĸҪӣﻰⶼ˵ҡȻȥҪ̫̫ұʾλҪʲôҩ߶ԸȫȨǲԸ⡣
֮ӵı䱾вٴ˶ɿҵҽ˵һЩ岻ĻӰҽݵ⣬Ҳҵ
ǵҼҷɵǵûթӣ̫̫ҲСˣҲ׷̫λܹ
ʵϣͳ֮ĹϵҲ鵽صɷӲûбթߣʧּҶ⳥Ӵӣ飬ô
İӿܻһ㣬Ҳʡ̫̫̫ôȥ
һֶ
̫̫¶ӳﻮģ޹ء
ǴȴǼǺùۿƺ̫صĳͷԼȴСһܱסǲʣʲô޹أвҪͬ۵ˣɾġҪҿָе鶼ıġ
̫̫һһ˲ãȻԺл𣬺񵱳Щ
̫ã̫̫װҪãƺźۼһᣬȻǲжġ
Ҳʱ̫̫ȷŭں˵ЩʲôôСĺᶮô̫࣬ŵѧ廨ôۿŵϲĶԽԽã⡣
Ҽûаϵ
ô˵֮ǰı仯ҲǱ˿ġ
ˡ˶ۣвǺģΣҲӲ˳ͷ
ǲûõӣһп½⣬ҲͲ̫صĳͷ
ɣϺֹ㸣Ǵõ˶ٵӣ
ֹ㸣֮˵ش˵ĻһӦǶʮҡ
ʼּҴǿ࣬Ȼ֮ԽԽ֮ǾĻʣµҲ˳ȥͳҲͶʮҡ

59
øĸӸּ,ľ֮󱨹٣ЩҲȫȻܸĸһТ˳ּ۸
ȻʵҲȷʵˡ
ֻûн¶֮ǰ,ĸҪŲ,Ķֻĸĸ,֪࣬ҲɲĸĸʲôӡһǰǺˡ
ҲȷʵĸĸûܵʲôõӰ,˵֮ҲּҰȫ
˵Ƕʮ,ټ⳥,һһɣһһǡ
⻰һ̫̫ˣһ
ǲ,࣬ȫûи˷ԵأڵǼ֮µģ֪ǳǹ,Ǹּۻ۵ĵط΢ƫһͷվڱϵʦү˵ȥ֪ͨǵ,һӴȻȻ֮,ͰǶؽη
ǵ,ҲˣһȾ
֪,ǵðӸóĻ»ȥ֮¶Ҳûˡ
ǡʦүæӦ
תȥȥˡ
ּ̫үӲǵĶŮɻϰ̯ء
Ը飬ּҵĴÿɻûнϸ˿ˣпķϣͲˣˣȥʮɡ
̡ŵ̫̫֡
ɻô˿ţһСڱӣνǼ䲻ãοֻҪһ뱻Ѫģӣֱ
Ѳͷظ˵ȥֱӽϵǩȥ۾жʱã϶ѹȥ
׼ȥ̫̫ҲǯסҲƲסͣĿ޽кŭֵط۶Ǽ˵ġܶͨն˵˹òҲãö֮Ҳϰˡ
Ҳһ
ʮӶûд꣬һ˱ŵּҲ˹۰Ƿ˽̫үһҲǸ÷æӻ֣ʾµˣҲʹʮӰɡ
̫үûзӦͱ۸ѹŵ˰ϣȻžžİӾʹƨϡ
Ҳǿˡ
ȴûʲô˵ģּһͬװթʱ̫үȻûֱӳ棬һֱڼģΪһ֮ûֹ˼žĬˡɴҲһͬı
Ͼ飬ּûгŮӣκһҲˡ
ΪЩݵˣܿܲΥȨ
̫үӣһ֮ﶼģͺѲϵˡ
ȵӴ֮ٴǰ˵ˣС˻һ󡣡
˵ɡͷ
̫̫ڴһֱҵĸΪ̣ĸǷּˣҲܵ裬һǰЩʱֱӴĸУѹѿ۵Ķȫˡ
£յǮµȵش֮Ҳǻ̱ߵġ
ˣܹĸ֮ףȻǵһּʱⶨδÿ»͹ȥϵĶЧ
ʵϣǵַּңּҺ˵˵õÿ¸͵Ǯʳ֮⣬һҲʹֻһѰһš
ȻˣڣҲ͵㶫Тġ
ּžֲҪƤģ·ּˣҲǿвֹҪѺôȫ§ԼĻܹĺˡŻж׵˵ֻжף´ּٸǿȥּǾΥģֱӴȥ߹صǿԵġ
ݵơ
𣿡濴󰸵İա
֪˵ǶԵģаǾͲܹ֪ȻֱӾͶˡ
ôջڿء
ôʣҪҲʸģվŵĿкͬһİգ
ǵȻǶˡ
ּһӸץߣ͸˲ٿģվһء
˼֮󣬾м˿ڰ϶һΣĶԱȵȵȣȫ˵˳û˵ȫģ˲䡣
ͷˣģϡֹ㸣Ƕ˿б
㶵ҡͷּңҲ֪Щ²ܣû뵽һӾȻʵˡ
ֹ㸣ҲûҪԼ׵Ͼϵ֪ܵǶһкôġ
ּҵǲҪ
ֱӾͰˣΪɴ䣬ӮһƬк
ּҴ֮ǰֱӴ̯ӹģûдӣһ󰸽֮ҲûߣǻȥһùˣŸԴ뿪
ҲʱſϹĹ˳
ҲϾ˳ܵˣҪڲʯһЩۻƽʱпеʱ䣬յϢҲ
Էûʲô飬ֻ΢ĵһͷͳּǱȥˡӦһ£Ҳûж⡣
ּҶˣ˵Ǹľϲ
֮ǰҲֻöԷԸͷû뵽һмֱԤϡ
ţһȺһǣ֣ЩıģѵõЩСӵĻøУ˼£ƫͷЩţǵּҶˣ
Цͷˡ
ֿԼĵ۾ģҲǼͷ˶ˣԺҲ÷ǵǵĻˣһҶܺúõˡ
ҲϲĹϲԼ׼ңãԺ󰡣ҲӲһ㣬ҪӲǣĸˣʱȥʰǣǻҲ
ʲô˵ˣֻһֱŵͷ
ֹ㸣һֱûһֻл㱵״̬źۿӣ˵ĸǣֵҲ˷ŵӣ˶ϲõ飬ģҲİˡ
һ½ˣһȺ˵ҽݣˮϺֹ㸣΢һ£Ȼһ˾¥
ô˵ӣóԵóԵףף
ȳ극һ˲ĻȥϺֹ㸣ܾϵ룬ûϣʱˣȻԼɺĸﵥȥˣһ𣬻ܵܣһͬ˻شȥ
Ҳһ·һ˿ģһ
Ϻֹ㸣ͻȥ֮𼸸˲ֻ
֮ӣҲͻָԭˡ
ϲµԵĸ˺ܾá
֮ǰΪĶ츸עһЩȫǺЩӹȥȴûзʲôԡһϣ֪Ӧнˡ

60
ҴӦλгǵĽ,ҲǶӵˡ
˫ò˵ӱһԵǿƵ,µλ֮ǰֵôǿ,֮,Ҳͬˡ
ǿƾͲǵˣλεİˣӺҵĹ
ע룬һʱ֮,ڶУһӷռϷ硣
츸ʼ̾,Ҳ̲ס˵Цݡ
Ͷӵϳϵ˳,˫󻯣඼õ˺ôҲûʼЩʳѹȵȵ,ߣԷҲֻǼʹȷͬһߵ֮󣬾ûʲôˡ
˳ļֱ˼顣
ʵȷʵˡ
һʼĵģⷢչ,ȴǷˣȻ,ǿưԵվͬһߣҲЩô,ڶԷ׵̨֮ǰ,ȫǣ䵱˾ѵıɡȻھ鵱ûдⷽ,ܹƲҺͶӦûһġ
Ҳô͵̨
ҵķչԽĲʢĸ׺翴Ҳʲô飬һжڱá
ΨһĲ֮¾ǽҪϳãôȾѾ˶ӵıǣ½ٵҲ͸ࡣǱߣҵǺôõĵط
ֻҪܹúõģҲںܻ鷳
ܹȫȵĳģרעԼѧҵԼÿճ̶ʱҽݸ˿ֳغСҲ㹻ĻϻۣʲôѧһҲûСӹеĲͷעܹ߶ȵļС
Ƿģʡ˲¡
ѧҵҲеɺҲûǹעּǱߡ
Ǿһ⣬˽ѵûȥϺֹ㸣ǵ鷳ˣȻһһɲһСĿּҵļҵҲͿˣЩǮȥ֮󣬳òɿּҾַһμҡ
ּ׵ķˣ̫̫˼һ֮󣬻ѡ˴󷿡
ҲӴûп׹ܹóķҲǶһ޶ģٴܹ̤̤ʵʵ飬Ĳ˵һҲ㹻ġ
ּ֮ǳ׵ЩˣǰǻֵܿܣŸĸڷּˣҲûÿˡ̫̫ɻǳ谮ҲûãǸһּң̫̫ûˣ۰Ҳòʲô
ҪԼԼˡ
пûʣ˾ûˡ
ҲǸеãȻͺˡ
ԼĸǿסģôԽУΪ֪ЩǶеģڱһ֪ںδĴԽţҲ߰ˡ
ڹ˳ǿ׵ģֱӰѴŵһָЩŰɡ
Щȵ̧ͷЩ
һֱΪ˳Ӧûʲôġ
֮ǰɽµһЩ˳˵ģԺӻܹȥġ
鶼ǱŵģҲܣϾھǵʱֻһʲôûеĻӣҲûʲôֳҲûرĲܣǼλֵܲûжرӡ
ŵ߱ţҲֻЩ˲ùзĻᣬô·Ըˡ
ʵϣҲûв
Ҳҹţûרˣֻÿ춼ҪʯȥɻʣµıϢԷʱ䣬ϵϢʱ䣬ɵġܵķһµġ
ֻҪ̫Ŀŵܣһûġ
˳Ҳյ֮УȥɽԴµĶ
ϾҲҪģ߻һĻ׷ˣ˳Ҳ̫䣬ȻԼҲûģ벻ʲô취ܹصǵȥԸܵĲôԴС
һʱ֮мΪĸжֻù˳˲δĻʵۣ㹻еѡûд󡣹˳𣬶ʷʵڵǱͬС˵УΪǣʵҲûдʲô̫ȱ㡣
ֻԼԽ֮Ϊ֮ʲô˺ľ档
ֻЩڣôҲ̬ȸ߰ڲһһȫûаϡǻֻã벻˳ȻԼӿƾһһȥģ֪֮߶жѣֻΪΪ̵ˣ淢ӵӦǼġ
ֻҪȥܿһӾС
ô޸δҲԲù
û뵽ҽȻõǸزҺӣô붼ܡ
ò˵ƫɴڵģ֮һҲֻϣһ֮ʲôӣպֻܿ͹˳ϣʻ⡣
ǵӹԽãԷͻԽڡ
ǵȹ˳˻ʵۣ֪ԼΪʲôѵʲô뷨
ָһںȫˡ
ȻҲҲǻޱȣϾƯˣպдƾʳǮǸֻἵȴʲôˣȫҪ̫ˡĺãȫ˶ôǶԱȵ£ȥôܲ١
ܹһһߺһˣͳɲʲô£ҲС
ֻϵǵδãôĴ󷽡
뵽̫ˣڼ޵֮ȫͬһ京ŵĻԽĽޣԼò൱ڵģҲʵ˵Լÿ
һӱס˹˳ɤЩʣҪǻؾȥɡ
˳һЩ˷Ӧ漴˵Ҫصǣô򵥵顣
ھǵУȻܳ裬ôҲǻӣôãǱߵĿӣǵȻҪ̫ˡ֮춼ҪڲʯʯͷʯͷɵĶǿĥ˼ӣѪݡ
˺ۡ
ǵйõӣҲȲĥˡ
ܹȥĻγǲ롣
˳¶һĨЦǸӦԺӣұ֤ŬϺӵġ
ֻ֪ѹǵˣȻǰǲҪȥǱˡ
˵ŰĻǹ˳ҲһЩɬóЩӣûвʲôּҲܹסܵˣ˵©죬֪ЩӵЩء
Ҳûûһֿܣܹ֪ĶЩܹ»صǡ
ڣʱҪˡ

61
ʳг,¹˳Ʋĵֻ£ôĶ,Ҳûõġ
ܹо,ڿĶ,ֺãųҲϲģ˳֪ԼҲͬʱ,Ҳ֪ĺãһݴġ
ǵĻӡ
ܹ˳Լ֪ܹʲô,ȻŬҪصȥ,ԼҲ֪ûһ졣ȴԴƺģȻԷҲڼһ㡣
Ȼ˳֪,ԭǰģּҵ˸ǺԶ˵ףѾûʲôˣЩƵУҲϲ
Ƕ,ĿҲֻϣ˸ӵϣԺص֮,ɶá
ϣ֮䣬ٲˡ
һһһ˫,͸˵
˳ɫûر,ҲȷʵǶһЩģԷӡ൱,ûбҪĻҲôȥ
ֵһֱܲ
ڣˡ
Ҳȷʵûлɹ˳ʲô˳ֳĿɿ˵ദйҲȽϺģ˳Ҳչԭ뷨ҪҵչֳԼǸҲ֮취ù˳صǡ
ҲȲȥˡ
մԽʱԭ̫ãʱΧ˵ĿΪ֪Щ˵Żʵ˭ĽʱƶԼԺܹϸõȫ⡣ڣЩܲˡ
͹˳ĸҲãڿʼıؾǵĻƺҲ

ߵĶûпĹע֪ھ鵱Уǻص˾ǵġ
Ŀǰ˵ûзҪֹ˵˼
ˣٹ˳֮ǰദĲ˶Ҳе꣬˼ûʲôԲĵطòŸϾɱ
ԸҲֹڲпġ
Ȼһԭǣո˵ԼܣԽҲǳ͢붯ͶĵطҪǼˣƾű뺷ıԽˣǻӵġ
жҲվһˡ
˳ǻȥˣҲ治ҪڼֵܵĴѹţǵϻʵۣ治õĵ̫硣
鵱й˳ϻʵۣʱеĵȡ
Ҳ˵һ˻ܲܵϡ
Ͼһ˳ǮûУģչ
ڿҿҡĶ飬ת۾ȥ
ũæʱصȥʳеʳոɹã˵רչһֹԼԵģʣµȫ˳ȥ
ЩڴѾǹ̶ˣÿÿÿһԴ
ҲڴﳤģȻҲЩ
ΪȥǰᵽϣеĶҪԼԹڸ߲˻е֮Ķ۸ΣȽϹעȻչ۸ҪһЩġ
Ϻֹ㸣ǼҵĵأС˲١
׬Ǯȴ㲻Ϻܶࡣ
Ҳ͹ԼĻȻٴһ㡣
Ҫȴ۵ġ
Ҽһ
ĵǳԿ͵ӣЩȫԼɵģ˹æЩ鶼Ҫȥģ˼æɻˣҪȥȥҲԼһ굽ͷҲûţҲࡣ
ǱȽҪǮɵģϺֹ㸣
еʱȻΪ˱˺ãһζĸԼҲһܽ⡣
ͱ˵ǻǮˣ㻭ǵӣҲӰϺֹ㸣ۡ
Ȼûֱ׵Թʲôܿóۣ֮ǰũæʱˣǽûˡ
ŵʳȥͷչĶüҪһð취ǲװܲ궼ôɻܻԽԽġ
ŮԼ帣ȴøĸڼۣǲ̫ġ
֮ǰҲᵽøĸҽݸһӣȥʲô
̫֮ܶ۵ġ
ڳʳķӶܶ࣬ЩóģЩԼ֪ģûó
Ȼãú̯һķҲûʲôҲûָĸһʲô¥ֻҪӹɵ㣬ܹԼӾˡҲϺֹ㸣ܾˣԸ񶼱ȽϵҪ̫˴к
һֻڴģÿɻҲ൱㡣
ܹӵģԸ෴ģҵķԸȽǿƣ¾ãһҲѣ˵ʵҲûа취
ʲôƫͷһ統
ֻҪͲԾĸе⡣
𿪿˵ǰʱʶһˣһЩˮӣǿûõȥЩȥʱ򣬾Ϳ԰õϻ߸Զĵطȥ
ֹܱʳҪࡣ
ʵǰùʲôݮѡâЩ
šͷ
ԼǱȽϰ߳ˮģִʱ򣬼ﲻǳƻһЩȽϹˮ֮ܶһ꼸󲿷ʱﶼˮڵġԣѾΪһϰˡ
ԼһũĸˮǳõģһЩˡ
ҲǳԹġ
ʱ˵ǣҵĺõġ
Щ߿𣿡ʵ
Ӧò࣬ѾʹˣǱߵĶһ
Ȼô˵ˣȻûģ֪ûЩˮζǳĺãȻɽϵĹҲ࣬ǳȫһεġֹҪĻӦǷǳ׵ġ
ҪЩ
ôҲˣʶ㹻ЩȻõġ
Щж󣿡תҪĳĻҪЩɣͬ𣿡
üſĻһ㶼ײͬġ
Ϊ飬ﲻԸҲӦվĿ϶ǻ뷨ġҪԼĸĸǿŴӦ
ȻҲ֪ģİɣҶ˼˵ˣҴĶֱȽϴģһͿԽЩˮҲôãֱһܹɹˣͬġ
Щũ棬ʱֱѡһ¾ͺˣڣòĴС
ԵĻ˶ˮΪˮ֮ҲϾͦġûڣҲû˻ģԣʱ򿴼ЧˣȻȻľͻҪһˡ
ڵе̫£һЩˮܴͦŵģˮ·ʱ϶дҪ˳ȥģ㵹ǲõġ
֪ѾôԶˣֻЩҲ
߰ɣȥͷǱ߿
Ŷáæϡ
ͷֵͦģһﶼ԰һҼҵİҪʳ˹ܶ˶ߣһ۾ͿϺֹ㸣߹ȥվһ
һʱ䣬ʳˡ

62
ϰʳӶһС,һߣһ߻ͣͨϱߵĿӿŲӣµƵġ
,˵Ż
û,ſڵ,мҪһ¡
ʲô£ֹ㸣ţҲû£,飬ƶʲô¡
Ҳʲô¡
ǵǰûˮЩˮζ,ǴӺû,֣ԲڼֲЩˮʱǲԼһˮ,ϵ¥һߣǺð취
ⷽҼʶˣֱҵԸġ
ҲȾôũҪһЩζã׬ҲʳҪࡣ
ֹ㸣ЩɣڵҪֶ٣ƺһص֡
Ҫǵֻһ,߸ֲͬƷֵĶһЩǼӳԣ鷳,ֹ㸣Ҳ൱ġ
ҪǴ붼ͺܷ,о̤ʵ
Ͼûֹ,ûʲô飬ʱһʲô,ʧǼġ˵ֹҲҪʩʳ溦ȵġ֪Ǽҵĸ˶б£ԼҪæ£ҪˮΪ˼ĸĸ͸¸鷳ˡ
Ҳ֪ӣûдֹͣ˼ֻҪ˿ͷʱڣĸͻ֪ж򵥷ˣܶһЩɡ
ʱϣ¾ܳ졣
¶ȶͦߵģҲ̣Ч죬ģԸǶʹ¡
ִˮôķḻһ죬ٻ˲ȥϳԵġ
ʱСûǻûũԴӿԹƷֶǾƷ֣ȫõıʲô
һֻҪ¾ͺãֹ㸣϶һ֮ǰģһȥ¾ǺüܽҪõ̫ˡû뵽˸򵥵ġ
ҲǿǹʵŶµϣʱ죬ܷŵʱ䳤ˣζҲá
ȵ֮Ϻֹ㸣ʱڳˮӦþͻ׺ܶˡ
Ϻֹ㸣һھʹӦУ㵽ʱû˵Ҫô֣ԡ
Դũ棬ÿһˮÿ׶Ҫʲôʲô֮ģũһɱũҩȵȣǰûЩ裬ֻǰͰ־ˣʱֱܴ졣
ǰŰЩˮó֮󣬾ûٴ죬ЩͰȡˮÿһֲ¼
ȻõҩˮҲоŸƳ
е׼֮ſϺֹ㸣ֵĻ
ûûˣôֵȵȣһһˡ
ũҩҲûš
һɵĽţÿǶһοֹ㸣Ӽ״Ȼעϵأͷû̫ĸˡ
Ϻֹ㸣˵Ӱ죬ڴԵҲԽԽãʱæϵ飬ȻҲǱ˸֪ˡҲûвñֵ˼ֶȽϺô䣬ȫ嶼ϣĻҲ˵طȥ
ż壬ȫòЩ
ƽҵĵλҿ϶ǡ
ʵʱ֮Ҳ˵ˣԸֵĻҲṩӡ
˵Ըһֻ֣ûôࡣǰϺֹ㸣ϻЩ˼һĳԹһ㣬ټЩ˾ãôбµˣǺµĻ϶Ϻֹ㸣ȥ
Ǹһ𣬾Բʲô¡
ôһЩʱ䣬ּҲ֪
ϣ׷Լĸĸϣ
԰Ȼ̫ãੲݵ˵ţ˵Ǵʲôӣû˼أҪֳȥǼҿ˲ٵĵسȥǸҲ֪ʲô
ﻰ⣬׾ٵľϵĳ
ʲôǺõġ
ô룬ǴԽģȻ֪ʲôģͳطȵµʱֳлҪĶࡣ
𾪣׷ʵǸ˭ֵģ
Ҳû̫ɣҲ֪ǰӴġ
˾κˣȻӵԴ˵ǴӺģ߾뺣ҲûرԶһЩʲôӱùҲǺ顣
ܲסط֮⣬ȷʵһԽߡ
ͣˣԷҲûʲôˡ
ȷţӦ
֮ǰΪڣأΪʷڵҲǱ֮һһֱûлɹ
ڣԽĻ˾
أ˼ŹһУԷҽڣҽֳִƷҩ˴ǲĶ֮ǰûɣǳƷҩҽҲֻЧҾձ԰ˡ
ںҽտҲƷҩӡ
ʲô֡
Ǹ˪飬ҪΪҲûֱ׵ĽʲôȱȽִƣĹɫĳƺ˸Чרŵ֬Ķǲ˼
ʱĥţǮȷʵӸŮףһǰںݵģҪŸһҲ
Դǻˮ֪𲢲ڻԼڼͺʲôϵͶӡ»ָˡ
£ֻ˼ұȷʵܰ쵽
ѹûлɡ
Ͽֵ飬æǵʵôˣ
ѵЦ£ſڣȴûаԼĲ²˵ȥ
ӣҪ֪ǵû׼ͻȥûù˳صǣȣǵ̫ˡ
һŭ˶ԷֱӶǻؾ·һоͶˡ
仰˹ȥͻصأԷ
˼Լĺ·
ǰͶ˼Ҫ͹˳뿪˵˵Ļʾ֭һЩģܹ򶯻ʵ۵ķӣͺˡܲù˳һʳķȥɡ
ȥҲֻ뵽һţԤ컨ġ
̸컨ɫ䣬Ҳ컨顣
ʵ۾͵ù컨˳ʱʹҲһ컨
˹˳ǹ˳ǱҲ鷳ҲܹΪѷӳʵʵǰˣ˭ģҪߵŪĻȲ˵ǵķûԸȥ֤ǾӾפڸӡ
ҪҶ¹˳ֱӾͰˡ
ֻܵš
Ǹǰε꿼˽ؾǡ
Ȼλؾ԰¸߻ʵۡ
ǸҺ̶ףҴһҰӵھǵЩȻЩСڣûйԱֹĹŰǣʵҲóԷӦһȽֱˡ˺͹˳ҲйһЩȻ̸ѣǹϵҲ
˳ʹ˵ʱţķӴȥ
ǣ˳ܹŵҲֻŻȥ˳ȥеı̫࣬ò
棬Ҳʲô⣬ֻܾôꡣ
ǰ̯࣬ҲԼ˳ǱҲʱʱĻһЩܹЩʱ͹˳ദҲǺܲġ

63
,Ҳæţ׼ҪμӸԡ
ʼѧϰƾصݵڣѾˡ
ȥʱ,е㰴Ͳס,ԾԾԵȥμ,һͯ
Ȼ֪֮ûϿˣֹһ꣬˽ˣ׼Ͽ
ҲûҪһʲôԪ,ȻĽȱȽϿ죬,Ҫÿζһͦ׵,һһεϿĿǿǣųɸ֮ĹԱ,Ͽ֪ܵλã
طٿɾ͸Ƶģʱ򵱵ضġ
Ȼһķٲʢ
˾˼һ¡
ԵĵصûϣǾҲرԶ׼ǰЩӹȥǵ˭һȥ»ûж
뷨,Ȼһȥġ
ûͬ⣺һСʱȥ,һ棬ȫȥչ,ȻǵߴŹȥһСҪһ,ֻһҲðɭһ,ֲ̫ʡ
ûʲôȨһŵͷ˵Ҳе
ȥ϶ǲеġ
ȥҲθһЩֵഺͣԵԽá˾ˡ·ϣûĻ˿ỳɣ˹Ҫӽ
ҲˣǶǱȽˣ˶ʶǣΪҽãÿ»̶ʱѸҿȣ˶ǵ̬ȶܲҲ˲۵ĶЩʲô
ǵ˸ǱߣӵķҲӣȷʵҪСעһЩ
ΪһͨˣΣգȻҲǰЩԤҲ˵ȫܹһʧ
Ļ϶ݾͲˣôֻʹ磬ҲԸȥչġ
û˵㣬ʱһǸطԼܵûӰˣչǡ
Ȼϴ϶ӶǱȽĻҲˣȽӵģǿͦӵġ
츸ڵҸһȥɡ
𣬻ûзҪȥĴ㣬ȥǴĻȻһ𣬿ȥǵôҲûʲô⡣
Ҫ˵Ҳ뵽ⷽ棬ֱӾͿ˿ڣȻĻСҲһȥɣõǱ߹䣬Щʲô
ԣ̿ĵסϵ֣ãллס
֣ҲЦݡ
ǼңһֱûʲôìܵģȽҵӶˣֶӣ͵ûô޻˵Ӽ޽֮󣬷ǺϵĻһЩһЩҲȽơ
ദԽԽá
ѡˣڶ죬һ˾ͳˡ
һ˿ƿͬ
ĬĬţҪǿϣһλõĻʵȫ롣
ȻҪҲ丮ǣҪݣͦѹġ
˸֮һֱѡ˾뿼Ŀջ۸ƽʱ˺üǺһҲȱǮֱӾ͸ˡ뿼Իм죬ÿ飬ȥĿջҸŵĽᱣѧ໥̽һ¡
ڶֱӾͳŹδ
ǼǵԼĿչģϵ֮£ʢȴǸһȥˡ
һŻ
һѶ
Ѷ£͸ܵĬĬߣ̧ͷֺõһЦ㿴ǳŸһЩԵĻԹ𣿶ӻ
˵ţĶõߡ
̾һôһ۲ۣҲû뵽綼ûһ˻
ʵҸԵ˶ͦģҲҪչԼֻһţʱ뿴ԷԼߣҪڻﱧһ΢ȡ
ȵ߽ʱֱӾͰק
ͷľߣϤϢ
èƵģоˡ
Ҳ˵г̣˺öÿĲ߱ҲҪ࣬ͦõģһ죬оŶۻˣȫԼˡ
˵Щ
һȷʵ˵ǲۣоֻһڴȫö
£ȥС̧һЩˮԡͰһ˯һЩ
æоЩ̫˼ˣԼȥͺãһѾˡ
˵õչ𣬽Լ𾢶
ˡֱӰ£ôʲôڼô飬ôģôۡüǵĸѧǺ˵ģʱҪ䡣
ûôۡ
ƽʱʲôӣھʲôӣԿƿû̫ӣãþֻȥҽݣȻȻˣҲмְյġ
̬൱ƽͣʱ˵˵
һӣҲû˵ʲôˡ
ܿ죬ջС̧˺ЩͰˮֱӰԡͰװˣֱ˽ȥʱ°ҪϺܶˣԡͰˮûйֵȣȥոպã˸оڴ̫ȡ

ϴڴ죬ȵҹɫˣ򱻴ˡ
ڰУСĵֿϾҪأô
ЩǺˡ
ʱӦʱû뵽ȻоЩ
û뷨оÿһ״ܺãҪȥЩʲôɤѹࣺû£ʲôġ
ЩҪ˶ӣ̲סʵڿƿǲģŰ취ܾһ죬ҵ廹ء
ΪҸոո㰴Ħ˰죬ܻ

˵ĵҲǣҲ֪ôģֱҲ̫ˣһ죬СرʹҲ̫ȻݹоҪúܶ࣬Ҳ۵ġǾһĦ֮ͺˣϸһ£ƺûʲô۵ĸо
ǵֿģûãȫĽеͶˡ
ֻ͵ʱ򣬲̲ס˵һ㣬ڸڵķסأҪ˿ôǺá
һ뵽뷨߳ܵ޵ݡ
𿪿˵£ġ
ҹɫһ󣬵ڶɹˡ
ֻţ츸ǱҲûлʲôֻһ죬ȷʵˡ

64
֮,ڶ
Ҽ˺漸쵹û֮ǰôĴϸ׼˳Եģһ·͵ԺǱ,Ŷ,˼ؿ֮Ժ,˻վ˰죬ŵǵ뿪
ǰЩĿԹĲֺȵʽʼ֮,ǵѣȴһҲ治ˡ
濼ô,ʲô
һ,һ죬ȵ˿ԽʱˣߵС,ϾľӵƷרȥ
棬ƻʱˣ츸ϣһǱߵ,ȷ֮æ첽˹˰Χ,ľ״ˣоôûʲôģ
Сþöûʲô,Ҳ,츸ӲŻȻ𣬶Ǹӡ
⿼˵б̧ų,Ƕӵܳŵס
Цҡҡͷû£Ҹо񻹲Щ̫ˣǸϽȥҵ㷹԰ɡ
ԺﶼͳһṩʳģԼȻζͺһˡ
ǵʱ̣ûгԷ
츸ͬҲûԷȷû֮ĸһ²ĹȻɫˣϿɶĹ˵ƣء
Űм죬ܷɽҲûȥȡ
ǹ˸߱Ƚĵطȥһ˸ٻ͵˷Űʱˡ
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Цŵͷ˿Źɲѣá

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67
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ɩĳƺ,о΢΢еŤΪԷͱҪСµġ
вӦ,һЩԵһȥ·Ǳߡ
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Ĵ㣬Ȼ֪ģûҵ𣿡
šشǻҪȥʡǲС
ͷԤϣȻǻҪ׼УȥãھѾûж೤ʱˡҪһЩʱȥѧϰȻĻһΣоЩ̫ˡ
Ȼʱ̫ҲӰǵɿԿҽݣԸ񣬼ȻҪμεԣôȻȫԸȡһԹء
֪ҴȥʡǿҪķӸȻǸԺôȥҲҪ˽һ¡ЩŪˣٴͺһȥ
ȻûʲôģԵĻҪһȥģֻĿǰ˺ӣʱһֱڴ̫øųš
ȻоѾõĲˣ߹У⻹Ҷʱ䡣
ҪҲǲӦġ
ڷԼĴ֮󣬼˶ûзԵģЩǰǶѾ۹ˣ츸ڵҸһȥȡŪȻ
ʡǾʵҲ㲻رԶͰǸڵĸڡ
ĻҲһ硣
ʱ׼ܻ
û˵ЩĿڵûҵ𣿡
ϵһӰ𿪿ڵûС
˲ˣ֮ǰǶ۹ӦҪôʱûĻҲˣǰЩ죬Ҳû뿪ôԶﻹϣǵȵʱ٣֪Ѿˡ
СҪ뿪ˡ
ʱѾôˣǱ߶һֱûϢȵɷһʡȥ鶨£ӦþûиĵĿˡ
𿴳ϵĲģæߺҲûʲôõģʡǾҲû̫ԶȷżٵʱҾʹСһͺˡ˵ˣҪ뿴ǣֱӾ͹ҽҲòÿ춼ţ⣬żôɩһ죬Ǽֲȱӡʱ򷿼ţ㻹ܺСʡǸ䣬ɰ
ĳ棬ȷʵһ̲סЦһ𣺡⺢ӣأȥľȥģŷżټ죬ض·ˡ

68
,ϻǱЦˣôЩǲȱ,һҲûʲô
֮ǰСȥǿǻ,һ,ڸͦĵġ
̲סʼţʲôʱĹȥʱ򻹿԰ѴϱҲһϣСϵҲãӦò鷳
ҽ,żؼҲʲô⣬С,ҽݾ͵ֻҩ,಻ʲôõҩΪЧãҲ¹ؼžûˡٴͷĻƷ,ǹӦġ
ôƺҲǶܵ¡
ףҲһù󣬸Իص,ҪͳţϢ
ڶ,ˣһ,ȥƥ,ΪĻǽպܿȥǱǻزġ,СʱѾѧˣȫҶᡣ
ٶԽĿˡ
ȵʡǵʱʱԤеĻҪһЩ
ȥһԺ֪ԺԵʱǵ֮ǰοҲǰ棬ҪѧûʲôѶȡ֪֮ԺзӼ򵥵Ŀһ£ͬѧ
ѧ֮󣬸ҶԷ׼ⷿˡ
ȥרŵУڲȱǮ£ҪһõԺѹûʲôѶȡ
ȷ˺֮󣬾ǩԼȥű˰
磬ͻȥˡ
ȻҲǽˣˣһʱûסˣҲûֱסȥģණҪ
𻹵üȥ
ֻٸһˡ
֮ǰ츸һȥֻǶͷһȥʡǣǱߵطزģ¶ȥ˲֪ô죬ԲŸŹȥڷˣѧҲˣһҲûʲô⡣
Ͼ˶֪ڵСѾԭǸˡ
ڶһȥˣǱ֮ٴȥУһȥ˵ġԺͦ󣬰Ժ˹ķ䶼׼˵ģԺֻס˵ĻδԵЩ̫յˡ
Ҳ̫ô
֮⣬иԵҪæÿѲٵһʱ仨ϴϣͺûбҪˡ
Ǹɴ˱ȽϷ㡣
гǱ֮˵ԼҪɹ˼ˡ
һӴӵģҪšɨԺ䣬һʮһĺӸȣһӣѾߡ
˴ȥ֮ˣһӾɶˡ
ȥѸ˰ı촲ϴɹϣ÷źõķźã£еĶȫˡ
ҹɫǰ˻ؼңһȥͿԺϺЦվˣһΪܲء
ôܡ˵ҿ϶ģȥѾˣָˣǾһȥˣ
ЩĿôˣ
˵һָͦģоͲˣһֱûȵ㡣
߹ȥǣߣȻû
ЦôܣҲĺˣֻҡ
˵ҲѾָ˴£ʱˡ
ͷʵ֪ģָ֪Ŀ죬֮ǰﲢ˵ҲȥˣϢһʱ䣬ҲǺ¡
˵ʡǱߵ˼˻ʱǵﻹЩͲԶˡڿӵĵطһǱ֮Ϥˣѡطż
š΢䣬еӲ٣ҲôҪɻ
ȳԷʱְʡǵȫҶ˵һ顣
ȷһڣ֮ǰûشһˣȥϺֹ㸣֮ǰǾѾ˵ˣпܻᵽʡȥ
ȷˣʽҪ뿪ˣ϶ҪټһĸС
һص˺ǴкһһЦŻӦˣּңſֳСʹĺˣ
ϴ֣߳Ц棬ôˣ
ǣҪ˵˵أ
ϵڵءϵ£ǽĲ٣ֹ㸣ˮ鲻ѡ
ĶҪﵽ
˲࣬࣬Ǿ顣
ͷܵȥ棬˵ҺеܵǣӦҪȥʡˡ
һ㶣ôô죿
ҲˣǰЩ;ˣֻ廹ûָûǡܵͻСȻõġ
Щѹ֪Ҫߵ£ﺢ֮ǰסϣҲǸܼģԽҲҪһЩܿʵʡжԶǶòܻһˣ
ĻҲС죬Ҫƾ͵һˣһһذɡ֮ǰȥˣȻ֪ٶȵġ
æĻǵʱһ»һΣҪԺżôŵġ
һһΣĬĬһ£֮ǰһĴңҲ࣬Уȥ˺úùӣҪʲôǰ˵
ʱ۾˸Ц⣬ֻޱȣ֪ˡǱߵķĺܴкܶĿշ䣬͵ҪǵĻֱӹǾˣʱҲôȥʡǵĸط
ҪǲֵˣҲֱӵҵæ
֪ӦòӦǰѡ˵˳һָأ
Լôӣ˵ֻҲе
ԼҵС˵Ҳûʼ¸鷳ˣֻҡҡͷǻˣҺϲڼɸɻֵأҲǣأϲЩ顣
ڸĳˣҲûǰôۡ
嶼ӲţСģû⡣
Լӣÿһʱֳɾ͸УȻҲˣÿ˵ϲòͬҪʽҲͬ˵ɵĹӻҪӵ̹
ҲûһֱȰ֮֮ǰ˵ЩҲֻʱԼĵһ·һ
ã֪ˡŵӣЩⲻϰ˵˵ϾԶˣǼȥʡǣһ쿴ء
Ӷ뿪Ҫ˵ﲻǲܵģǹ룬Ҫ뿪һҪؿǵľ
ûĻǲͬġ
ϾҲǲˡ
ԼҸĹĺҲеġ
ѾҪˣȻҪּסµģСٻǻȥֹ㸣棬ֹ㸣Ҳ֪ҪߵϢ
ţҲ֪ˡ
ǰЩӣȷҪ뿪ʱҽǱ߾Ѿ˶˵ϢϾר˻ͦģȻҪ뿪϶Ҫǰ֪ͨġԴҲ֪ˡ
쿴ǻǲǿҪȥʡˣרŻ
ֹ㸣֮󣬾ȷˡ
ϢĿ죬һ죬ȫ˶ڱ飬ּȻҲ⣬ڵ
ֵģеޱȵĺڣ֪ǸСӣھȻôϢˣҽôò˵ȻƾٶˣڻҪᵽʡǱȥһǾˣû׼ǼһҪȥǡ
ϱǳһڵǨƹĺ˼ͥڿƾ٣ȻͱԽصֲӲһ
ңɴûҪüĺӿƾٵģ綼ʮ໹ڹ
ҲΪˣŸеʹġ
ֻǿԼڵĸ˳ǵӣѾлؾǵİ취ˣȵʱ˳ָˣҾҲϲǡ
ܹ黹ǲƽġ
Ҳ֪Ϣû̫ĲΪ֪ʷϻС˵УǿϵĿƾٵģ뿪˹˳֮ķӣѾܹ֪֮϶ܹϵġ
Ȼ𲢲һԭ𣬱ϾмĿܣǴԽߡ
Ȼ֮ǰѾţܿǰΪԽķ粻ʢ¼ȡڽЩطҪһ㣬ȥһֵ¼ȡ
ԣ˵ġ
ֻǣ뵽ϻʵ۶ϲԭˣɻǷŲ룬ϹĹ˳ڵ֮ǰôҪãֻΪҺĹϵڱġ
Ҳʡˣ֮ǰֻԼһԸǣŵ˫֮ìԽԽʵϣȷʵûʲôԲסҵĵطҺìһ棬ţҲòΪңúõѱ
˳ؿһۣ֪ʲôȻ֪ǰȷʵδʲôޣֻǱһָ߸ϵ̬ȣʵҪֻԶǾãͻȻ˵⻰̫Ծʲôˣ
ûв˳ĴΪܳȴռ˳ͷεĻӣڲй¶ʵⷽ棬˳ǿԵġ
˵˵ûҵķӣԱ뿪ϣȥʡǶ顣
ţŻ磬ֽ̹֮ǰôҪãӦÿȥļ˶ߣʡǱôԶԵĻӦöǲ뿪ġ
⣬Ҫʹרҽ֮ġ
ϾԷǴԽߣֺп֪ԼĵϸЩŵģóóȻ
ֻº֮ĸ̫ˣ˳ϻλʲô⣬Ͼ˳ϻλҪǵТӣֱֵûʵϻʵƫжϻʵ۳谮˺ϻʵ۵ϲһʱ˳ҩ
ϻʵָܻˡ
ȻⲢָܹһλʵ۵˭Ϊϻʵ۵ĻӹܣһܳĻӣϻʵϲˣǻûʲôʤ㡣
֮ǰԷΪЩʳķѱԺ󲻻ֱӾ˹˳ϻλ·
Ͼ֮ìܣҪǻ϶ҲῴŶְĵϻλ
ԻǰԼŸӵİģʱųȥ뿪ǣҲûʲôˡһ㣬նݳõġ
ֻҲû
ҲţܿǴԽ𣬲֪飬ҲӦò֪ʷһƽпռģĻԷŹ˳δʵ۵ĴȲѡ뿪ԷҺ͹˳ĹϵԽԽԶ
Ҫ֪ǰܿܲһܼ޸˳
Էûô
Ҳ֪Լڹ˳еӦûʼôˣڹ˳ǱȽظģֻҪԶԷ㹻ĺãڹ˳ռһλáҲûд㣬װһɵģʼڹ˳ǰľǱֳһģ
Է⣬ҲԵ̫Ĳ
Ϊδʵ۵İ£ƽϺ˵Ĺʧ³ˡ
ʵϣ˳ҲȷʵûΪͶ۸и֮ģ˳ϲˣҲϲˣ˼ţ˵Ҳԡ
Ȼؾÿ𣬵ȷʵˡ
ҽãҲͣйཻˡ
عںãȻãʵڲеĻɵҲܲ
ΪԷ룬Ҳһꡣ
ڵʱѾˣ˳Ȼڹȥڵڶһ磬·ߵˡ
Ҳ磬ǹȥֱסˣøŻʱҲ̫֮ϴ꣬ȥСķ䣬СӽѣʱѾѷˣӺõıӸװˣЩǴ·ϳԡ
áԺӦţеûȫ˯ѡ
ֳغСҲͬʵ˯ۣŹǷˡ
ҲûǰСʱˡ
Ҳòֻˡ
ϴ꣬Ҳˡ
һڷϳŷϳ˼ڣֶȥǵĶװûУææµµģ춼ûͣ¡ȵǸҪߵʱѾװˣ˶ֻܼ
һš
·ߵĹ˳ʱ֪ͣԷԼġ
Ҳȷʵˣ˳һ統˵Ҫʡȥˣ
šӦˡ
˳ſڵҪҲӵĻ㣬֪ģҲǰ˽ʿģĲɺֻܲģߵļҲûôˣЩӹȥصȥҲʲô¡
ҪߵĵλҲͬ
ȥĻҲûʲôˡ
ĻҲͲ뿪ˡ
üͷ΢΢£΢ЦžܾˣǲˣѾԺǱ߱ˣҰѷҲѾˣ˵ȥĻҲãǶлˡ
˳Ҳûǿ󣬾ǿ˾ˣǣҲҲֻܵС٣㲻ʲô
Ǿףһ·˳ɡ
˳ĵʵôӦ𣿡
˳ҡҡͷûУʡǱѾ׼ˡʵȥ֮ǰ˳ҲûӦ
ֻʣһԼ⡣
Щʧĵͷǻؾ֮󣬵׼ǡ
𲻴ӦҲһǺ£Ҫ֪͹˳Ծܻ𣬺ܴһֿľǹ˳ĿӺһ·Ŀİĵùճ˵żγһּΪڶгĬĳ档
ЩֻܽҪܸԷ£Ҳǳһ
ɲ֪ǱЩƣܹȥʡǣһ·ϼ˶ͦĳȵġ
ȻؼȥһˣϺɩӵ͵Уżһ·ˡ
ǴӳģרŸϳ˸һҪĶǰʰ˵ġ
ο̲ס˵ףż뿪ϡ
Զ˸֮Ҳʧˡ
Ըȵıڻһִĸȡһʱ仹磬ưɡ
ãֳ̾ʹӦˡ
ĿƶС˵ʲô˿һȤˡ
ȫʱʱ档
СǿУҲ棬෴ƽʱ̫̿ˣͲܶһ
ҡҡλεһ·ϴ˴ֵĻЦ
ȵ磬ǲڵʡˡ
ԭļˣôõҲЩƣˣ͸»һֳĿǰԺţûҶվϵԼĸ
ҲҿԼҵסΧĻ
״ֳССһСȥţҪᶫˡ
áӵӦܵſȥš
ʱһӴţĶæŴ򿪣ӻˡ
˶¶ɡ
ͷӦ£תȥˡ
ϵĶʵ̫࣬ڸǸĳҲһæᣬһ˺üˣڰѶˣлֶЩŴ˻ȥ
Ҳûɢ򵥸һ£ѾߴȥϢķ䣬˸ȥæԼˡ
źӻδ̣ǰҲһϵģԷǸʮŮӣˣǸ࣬ҲͻϲϲĸŹˣȽ֮ܵõǮǲء
ʱﻹܴһ󲿷֡
ǼҲֲ࣬ʲô󻧼ͥҲû̫ϿĹء
ɢ˺ʹ·ﵽ䣬ȻǰʱҲûɨ꣬յģЩʰٲȻǻȻһˣ԰Ļʢиּɽֲ
˵ȥסĵطסҲǶú˵ġ
µĴӶǱ̫ɹģɢһɺŵζ˿˾
ȻȽȣҲ˶øȵģԺӺãڸֲ֮£ĺܶطģϢķ䣬Ҳȡ
ˣǱӻе
ָָǵסֳֵٵܹȥˡ
ſʵôⷿĲɣãҲǿǵϲõġ
Ц۾׺ǹ⣬ۿɼĸˣչȥһ£ر⣡
·һҲûмȥϾôõ·Ҳˣҷﻹ˺üӵĶûʰڻʱ
⴫Ѿ˵ǳǱߵķѾˡ
ӴֽȥԷɡ
ɫ󣬴Щɬ۶ãǻΪЩܾٶеߣͷԼͰ͵·ƽҲ֡
Լһһģٶˡ
Ҳûоܾ
뿪֮ʱѴˡ
֪Ѿ߲˵ʲôֻҪһ뵽˼ҿ֪ʲôɻеȵ߳ܡ

69
,ȥֳǱߡ
ܵܵסΣûпȻҲÿһ¾ô,ûʲôҪĶġ
ֳغסڵ䷿,ÿ䷿С,⻹ǵһηֿסֵܶЩġȻҲǲһסǴСһ𳤴󣬹ϵҲһֱܺá
䷿,ǿѡ˯һ𣬻ʱֿ
εСк˵,ͦ˷ܵġ
ݵʱ,ӶѾסķ䶼ˣѾڰѵǵĶ¹ţһ·,ô䶼ϲȱʲôҪʲôԼ˵
ܺÿֳ˵Ƕϲ
⿴СͣЦݣ֪ϲġ
ͷûж˵ʲôϾһסô,ܵͲԭ¸鷳ʲô˵,Էˣȹȥɡ
á
һͬȥ˷,һʱ֮,˾ΧйˣһЩ,ǰҲûаеĶһ棬ҪŽ顣
ĳӣ߾ҪѡַŪˡ
ͷľڣزеǰ·ԼļоԵġ
һвʱ⡣
ҽݻҪ𣿡
ҲûãµʱæʱȿɣҩȲˣô࣬ӿſʾרžЩزģÿѧ֮˿
ʡû˿ӺʡǸЩԶӦҲû˵
زĻβãʱһ˵Щ֮ǰû˵ˣɻҽ̬ȣҲŵġ
еӷչ֮ҲĿŶȡ
Ҳ
Ӷ汾Զż
ˡ˵ţСһСǵѧ⣬ȥԺԺٴһ£һЩصѧӿ֪ĻһЩ
ϵʱֳغûʽȥѧõģΪǱ߸ûѧãͻСڽǡ
ҲȷҪʡ֮źţ͵ѧȥ
ϾĽ׶ΣҪѧĶ͸ˣ鱾ϵ֪ʶӵĸӣҪҽѧϵĶҪķѵľ͸ˣһʱ䶼ҪԺʱûǰɣԻǾðѺ͵ѧȥֿڱȽϺá
ʱҲһ㡣
áֱӸɴĴӦȻʵߵһû̫ѿƾٵٵһ飬ͬģҲͬѧһ㣬ҲͶһ淽ʽ
˵ˣûзԵıҪ
˳һϤΧĻһ뿴һʵӡҪȥԺѧҲõ̫ãǵʱ仹ͦŵģҪѸðõ飬ȡȫɡȥЩҲĲ
תһȦ֮󣬴Ҳˡ
˶ǹϵӣ̶һ£ȷ˾һҡ
飬Ҳоˣֱȥ̸ãؼȥǮ˫ǩԼȥűˡ
Щп⻹ǵúúʡķҲ̫ˣȼ֮˾ǣѵĿ϶ҪһЩ
ϱкӣȻǲһ̫õססµģ߻ˣƽĻҲ٣Ͳһʡˡǵ˾ǣ϶ѵĻࡣ
Ȼû̫ȷԺһķչһҪھӵĻڴӣҪһõס»ǲġ
ƫͷЦӯӯģ϶ͷġ
˳ļͷһſЦ˼һԺúȺסãСŬ׬Ǯ˼ҾͿˡ
ֵۣģûסһЦͣ
ҲЦ
һ·ϴֵĻȥ
ļ죬˽ӣĥҪôĶĶҲ󣬱ϾģҺԣҲ⼸£ûǸҪ󶯣ֻҪԼҪõĶȫˡ֮УǱȽԽģӵάҲܺã˸е¾ɻҡ
򵥵ʰһ£Ҳͺˡ
еĶʰ׵Ҳ׼ȥԺѧˡ
ߣܻܵźһţҲ¿ʼԼ֮·

Ժߣ𵢸ʱҲ㳤֮ȥ֮ǰ˵ĵط˹ķӱ֮󣬾ͱӴˡ
ǰ棬￪ں˵ԺѾţҪμӽԣǰ㰲ڽǰļװġƽʱķҲصע㡣
һ㣬ֻΪθߡ
ÿһ׼³ѧӣӶʱضЩѧӵӡ
ȻˣЩѧҪǿˣԺҲǺġ
Ȼȥļװ࣬Ҳǰİ༶ⲢζţűˣֻѧĽȿǰѣʵϲ˶³ˡŵҲȷʵкü
·ķӲδЩһһˡ
ԷšϢѧʱȵȣҲϸ˵ˡ
ȣɼ⼸ͬȵİ༶ûаһԽǰߣĿҲͽˡգͣһǰ·ķţƿ·ӣλ±ѧ𡣡
࿪˵ȥɡ
ŷӵл˽ȥ׵ĳ·ףʾڵڶŵһſλϣȻͼԱߵѧӽ⡣
æ˹ȥ
һ£˷ܵ٣ôôòüˡ
ʼԺѾ˰༶ķ֪ôһѧŰ༶ģλˡ
ò˵ͦĵġ
ͦϲǰţҪûⰲţһģָֻȥˡ
׿˿ĵһݺ˷ܵĹӸ磬һͲԸӦֱȽϴֵͣһ߰ѱīڵϣһشЩ£˼ա
Τ֮һ£ϵҲڨڨջˣ㡭ǵ˰
Խ˵ĳ࣬ͳ͢ǨƹЩǲ̫һģҲҪ뺷ܶġ
ЩϿԡ
Ľĸòе£Ҫһ㣬һۿȥ
۾ϸĻҲǴڵġ
Խˣ൱ųġ
ԷΤڷ֮󣬲Żһ
Ҳе⣬ᡰšһҲûٶ˵ǿãϿεʱ䣬Ҳĵ̫ˡ
ΤҲȥûж
԰ǰѧϰһ飬׵ĳ·ӰĽѧǰһҲе֣ʹĽȣһָЩҵ
ôķΤվ̲סˣ֮ǰ̬ƺҲͦõģߵĵˣҲк̬ܶȲģϾһЩˣܲðӸƳȥɡ
Ҫ֪ڵ˺൱ߵġ
ֻһ£ʵϷΤҲЩԽﻹǺܿǵġ
룬
ʱ¿εʱˡ
ҲõҿüˣֱתȥΤЦĿڵǱԽ˰ɣôƾأ˵ߵʵ̫ϲЩ徭Ķ
صļ壬Աں
ʲô£Ҳҵȥ
ڳôһˣƺѧʻͦõģûǳ¹ŰɫЩˣͦġ
ֵԽ˿ƾٺ𣿡
Τʾ棺һ˵治֣Ѳߵ˳׵ģ
壬ƺпܡ
Ҳֻл˫ѪģſܶԳ͢Ǳ߱Ƚƫ
𣺡
ֻǴСȽԲſûô׳ʵ
ʵҲȺܶӶߣȻûȡ
ˣرĽ˶

70
һ,ΤҲԼļͥ˵ˣȷʵǹӸ磬һǸٶ
Τĸ,֪µ֪ͬ,,ǱɵŮ
˵䣬һ˽ʲô
תͷȥһϸ,ܸоƺǸС
飬ΤҲ뵽ʲô,ϾʱҲһȷʵǸС,Ժҵӣϲ飬Ծ͸ԺϿˡ,ɱСȻ½ȪǸСʵϲŻڣɲѧϵˡ
𻺻ͷҲ֮ǰǷݲ졣
ִļ,ȻΪһС켣ǵж飬Ͷ˼,˼ҵĸڣԺҲʲô⡣ոֻΪ͵ķ˶ԷԱ,һʱ֮Щˡ
Ҫ֪,ʱͦŮӺ͸ڵġ
ϽЩûϵ,ŮӺ͸Ҳ⣬İӳϦദȴһҾ⣬ŮӻòǵһЩӵЦʱˣȴֻŮӺ͸˷顣
ⶫŴţ͸ˡ
ʱôҲû˻
ӣֱֻŮӺ͸⣬žһ鷳ȻˣҪҲԼҲ·
½Ȫ۾һգգĿЦģܹóкøСΤҲһ㣬ЩĶЦţҪ֪½Ȫĳɲ
෴ĺܺãԺﲻٵӶкøС
üͷ½ȪǰҲûм㣬һҲӵҪ̸жĸǲܵġӦֻǾúöѣִĺõģиڴڨģ˼ûʲôҲ
ȰӶе˵Ҳûʲôˡ
ôһ룬ɫͻָˣŷΤĻӦһǺõġ
½ȪʵѵҵһмѧϰʲôõĿ𣿡
𲢲Ӳ磺ѧӦúܶ˶ûʲô֮⣬ûп⡣
λС߹֮󣬺ܶ˵Ƶˣ֪Сѧжܻӭ
˵䵭ΤȴǸڵӣȻҲѧԺԺܵæЦĺ˵Ż
½Ȫ΢΢ЦҲͺͷΤ˵ʵȴǶȤˡ
˵ĲŻгڵĳ࣬˿ʳȣһְĿɿĸо˲ͻܸеԼؿֱ䵭ȻҲˣں˵սԣҲ˷ˡ
Ե޹ʵģҲֱӿ˵ԼѾףӶˣο˼СǷкøУҲֻԼġ
һ˼Ҳ˼أ
½ȪעܿͱΤǣˣҲʱˡ
Ϣʱ䲻ܿһλӣǵĿֿʼˡ
Ժһÿεʱܳ¿Σ͵緹ʱˣԸķΤִļϣҪȥĳԷһ𣿡
߶߶ţҸ˵ԺʳõķѳˣֱʣҪȥҸ¥԰ɣյһ㡣
ˡҼҾڸɺͺӶأҵûȥһš
ΤĿɿڴ㡭Ѿˣ
΢һüôˣѵǺ
ΤӵĶ񽫽ʮһˣ˵Ȼһ˵ֱȽƾ˵ģ׶һЩϵװʣҲǼûӵġ
ȿˣҵõĶá
ЩԽģ۹Ӧûܸ߲Ŷԡ
ҲԼ֮ǰԲģʵϣͳȷʵҲæҡҡͷֻǲ֪ɩӵжãֿС
һԱߵ½ȪϧˣλѾˡ
½Ȫϵ鶼Щάֲסˣ˵Լзɺӵʱ򣬿һʯصײһ£ڵˣ
԰Ӷˡһøϻȥӻأˡ
˵ֱˡ
½Ȫͣԭû
Τ׷ȥȵҰһԷӦҲһ˵ķɣ
ȻûдӦƤķΤ˿ûԾֱӸȥˡ
ӵʱһžͿдֳֵغﱧźҲڱϣһֵܾ͸˵Ľˡ
Աߵ·ҲͳˣǷԸܵܣϵĶǿԳԷˡ
ǵסլӲԶѧʱҲȽϹ̶ԳԷǼĳʱˣͰѷù
ʵʱͷҲŸո뿪
ߵǰ濴ģѧоô
ûˣЦģֱӸѵˮһĶͷ
Ǻôֿһ粻Щ˼
ſڵͦõģߵķӱ֮ǰģȷʵҪࡣֽʱһѪ
ݵҲ
˶֪ʶŨ
Էˡ
ˡ΢һӣѺ˳ԺͬѧӣԷġ
Τѽʱеľ޸˻ƯҲ˼ҵķɣοһӣҲðǷһСϣԵùḡءĺкɩӺãҸһʣʶվǰ߶ˡ
Ц£ûʲô춼ɣҲˡ
ֳֵѾѲȶںˣҺжģһҲʲô
һȺ£ʱΤҲճӣһٷ켸ûôͣ
ģҲЦˡ
ĵ˶ԷΤС
֮ͷΤǷɿϤˣҲԽԽãͬʱһҲûǵĶԻǸ˾½Ȫ
ʱʱģ½ȪͻҪһЩ⣬˵ʱʼҪίĸ½ȪֱȥҷӣӱҪ̵Ķ࣬ûЧ֮͸ɴװƣֱ䵭ܾˡ
½ȪҲգҷΤ˵
½ȪΪԺġԺΤǰҲûС˼ģ½ȪǰҲദͦãڵ½Ȫֵĵ壬˼Һĺ˵δκγģܲܲ˰ɡ΢ĸоĵ½Ȫ˼ҲΪѰ
ĶҪ͸ˡ
ȿ½Ȫˣص˿Ҫ˵Ҳû˰
ǰǰ½Ȫ¹һµ
ǳ׵֪жѲˡ
ƴƴҪΪִˣһСΤ־ø
˵ˣҲ˺˺ģ½Ȫģɸǲģ˵ȥֻԼֿԣ˳̫ġ
ɣֱӵûˡ
Τһۣ¶ģ㵹˵ɡ
ҪΪôԴǣ˺ãôΪѡ½Ȫôӽʲôеģ͵ǳ޸ˣ½Ȫ˵Ҳûʲô˵ġ
оԼҪ½Ȫ˵仰Ƕıѡ

71
ҲܲµϡŹֵ뷨,εЦЦ
󿪿ڵദˣûҪΪһӱıŤŤġ飬ֻҪԼᶨ,˵ٶĻҲûá
ģΤɵĿ,òᵽʱҲ㵱˰ɣΪ˼,ŲúͶС˼½Ȫ˵ġ
ᡣֻҪ˼ҵĻһЩʲô֮С
ǲᡣΤˡ
㶼Ѿˣɩӳôô顣
ʲô,Τܲˡ
⻰֮󣬷Τȷʵǻָ,½ȪҲû,һˣϾ½ȪԺԺܹĽĿ,ǸоȻˬ
ת䣬½ȪȻҲǿóġ
½ȪѾ˸Ҫ˵ʱˣ֪Ѿ˺֮ȻٰѶԷҪһĿ꣬޶Ȼ޷ܡó,治װܻӭ,Ҳ½Ȫе
Բһ,ҪĽ,ҪԺΪ˽ն䵭׷Ī
һĶĶ,ȻûһôֻĽܹܵġ
֪½Ȫ룬ӵβ뾫˲⣬½ȪҲûӰ쵽ÿԺֻѧϰ߿ҲֹһţΪʡõԺõİ༶˻еģҲڴ˽ύ˼ˡ
½ȪֻҪ𣬲ԼҲȥԼһҲͲ̫
ϵûʲôԣȴҲʶ½ȪĶ˼ġ
Եһ˿ϵʱ򣬾ͷԼλһƬǽ塣
ΤǺԺſһģ·ĲӴٶҲһЩԷΤһֱһ·ϲͣ˵ŻͻȻͣûŴӱ̽ôˣⶼ˻£
䣬ͿǰһĻʶһ£룬˭˭ɵģ
ֵѲſˡ
˭ģб;վ
ôˣһ
ʱǿҪεʱˣ½ȪȻҲˡ
λϵһУüͷЩã˭ɵģҶͬѧôܸɳ
ȻûԸվ
½ȪЩ˵𼱣ȥ߷ӣ÷ӳ£֤Ǹ˸
Ժ
ҪϿˡ
½Ȫ׼뿪ĽŲͣ£ҪϿˣһ£Ҫ˿γ̰ɡǶæһɨʰһ¡һ仰ǶŽ˵ġ
½ȪƽԸᣬڰˡ
ڰǰ¹һĴڡ
⻰һ˵кü˶ˣЩ˶Ҳ죬ûӦ˼ҾѾùˡ
½ȪҲܻˮֱԶ֣˿ûнľٶһּᶨģ𣬶˼æҲ˵䵭ĻΣ顣
⿴½Ȫⷬ£ΪԺĺܶ˶кøС
һĺÿڰˣһ˾Ծܾˡ
һȥʱ½ȪѾõմˮĹƤƲˣæӹԼɡ
û¡½ȪһЦҶͬѧæҲӦõġ˵ϵĶҲš
֮ǰ½ȪĻæҲſڣԣҶͬѧ
ΤЩͬѧԶԡ
ڿףڰ׷Ӱ
ΪҪϿˣҶڸʱ䣬Ժܿģ涼ɾˡԿóǸиɻµڿˮණЩֻŪϣûõĵǣӰˡ
ණ֮˼鲼ͺײɾա
ˮϴɻдŵĳζ
½ȪڵϻζûˣһŰɣ֪пеġ
ԺĺӣԺЩǺġ
û½Ȫ˰æͱʾԼȥˣΤҲһ
·ϵʱ½Ȫл½ȪЦЦûʲôֻҪٸˮƵһҾͺˡ
ϵı飬۵һЦĸˣʲôأҺôҲɣҵʡطҲЩģ㺢Ӷˣôܻץ㡣ҳϣڼһ۵ʱȷʵͦкøеġ
ò˵ʱôֱֵӰֻ˵Ǻܴ󵨵ġ
һ̣½ȪҲֱ˵ˣû취Ҫǲֱ˵㻹ǻᣬһСҪġ
ЩӻЩɡ
½ȪЩƤĵҹİ˭һʼ棬Ͷ̬ȺܲãҲûʲôһԽ֮ͥ£һСôûӡ
϶Խġ
֪ңҾ͹Ҳġ
ϾҲ֪ʲô취ССıȥ
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ͷаŰɣӦҲࡣ
ֵ󣬷Τˣǰ½Ȫһֱܺõģ㻹ͦģûʲôʼҼмΪѰ
½ȪԸЦȴպޡ
ϲֻһ鵱в
ôࡣ
ô˵֮𲻺½ȪˣҲȫ½Ȫ˵һ£Ϊѻӣĸ־һ¡
ϴӦʵ֮Ҳ׼ʲôӴԺĿζܳһҲϢôΣѧ̻ؼˣμͶһͲŵ˵棬½Ȫܶô⡣
ڹȫõ˶֪ѻӣ½ȪҪþˣҪ⣬˷ֿɾɨˡ
ҲûʱǿӲ˵ʲô
ǰӻȥѾˣӦѾ֪ˣֱӵͷǽȥˡ
ԺҲ£ûвЩʲô
û˿¡
ΪܶѧӶһѧ뿪ԺؼסģҲɣӲų˭Ŀˡ
ڿϷȻҲ£Ĳ²֮ϵıհһ˲򴽿˵֮ǰû˵½Ȫ
ס
˵λණˮ氡
Ҳɵ֪ǲˣЦ߹ȥ̱߿æӱסɤﻹЦ⣺ǳԴˣ
ЩһûѿΪʲôһʼû£
״ҲЦ⣬ĵΪԼҲȷǲǴϾ˼ڰ༶ƺһֱӣԵǳĺá
Ҳ˵ЩȷĻķңҪ÷һһСĳô죿Сһᵣĵġ
ֹ˼룬ԺҲ㡣
һɫ˺ܶ࣬Цģּı˻ȥ˭֪˵Ǽ١
ȻܸܵɶԴļϲţĵȻˡ
ǲҲ´ˣҶŮӺ͸־ģͷİɡԺʱҶûô˵
Ȼǲ½ȪĺøвģϾ½ȪҲû̫⻰ûҪ˵ˣȻҪˡ
΢΢ƫͷ῿ͷϣԥŵô㣬֮Ҳò˰ɡ
ǾãкӺ˼ԺҵĺȷʵûҪˡ
¹˼ӣž;Ǹмֿˡ
ûˣҲ֪Ρ
ʲôþġΰңҲǸСǱͲöӴġ
ǰĴ󻷾ˣֻҪѭǡ
ϾӴ࣬ʵǶ½Ȫ˺Ҫر˼ңҲҪעЩˡ
Ǻܽģ˵֮ͨ󣬾Ͳپˣ˰ֻع鵽档

72
ѧ·ʱ,ѾӽϿʱˡ
԰༶ѧӣ󲿷ֶǵ˵ġ
ǵʱû룬ԺϿʱ,Ҳˡ
ע۲˵,Ƕ˵رе,Ҳ˵ˮƽУ˱ֳʲôʺãڿĹ۲,û˵ɫӹ۾
οеѹû̫
üۼŲмԡ
ֵ˭,
ü,Щ̫ʹ죬еǣ״,Щʵ˵̫ˣλŪ˰ˣֲʲô£ЩҼҵֶΡ
ѧµʱֻ˵,Ȼֻһȫ˵ˡ
ƽʱҲûҪ˼
ŵһΣָ컹ءЩ,Ҳ˵ˣǸ֪ҵĶ,Ժһֱ,ǰ½Ȫ϶̫,˽¿϶ݵģεӲô£
˵ЩˣһжǸ½ȪСǳġ
ڵãԵ˼ҰǣԷƵġ
ʡǲϣﲻҵΧ֮ڣ漰ҪǸǡӼΧһƬСȷʵʡûʲôġ費ҵ
ȵ˼ƴ𲻺ùϾ֪Կɾ˼ֵ½УҪЩȥܲκ۸
˼Сеʲô󣿡
һסˣôͻȻ˵
Щ٩ܾãƺһֻ۸С
⡭ʵҲࣿ
ǺֻҽѧͶϵģȻСʱԷǻѸ˿Ĳ˼ҾƶֱӻպܶӣҪŪЩĶҽͿˡ
СͲһֱԺ
³֮ˣҲһδε̹ˣʶģǻҪˣԼ취˵ףеѹԼϡ
˵ıǼ⣬ãкЦСֻ£㵣ңҲȥ취ЩҶԼġ
ھ鵱УձһʹֶεˣʵУҪˡ
Ȼ˵ĻֻҪ£Ҳûʲô
ϣܹ֪һˣǿԻȫԱ
ǡԥţҪϳ⣬ô죿
ΪĹϵЩ鶼˽⣬Ȼʱɳ͢ģҲ벻֪֣ʱ֪Ҫ涯̫ˡ
Ķӣķ룬λ֪ж
ǻؼȥˣ֪Լĵ̣ҲסǼѾͶӳϹϵˣҪ֪⣬ȥ״ˡɩĵǸСҽӦҲǿ˶ϵۣ
볯͢ԶҲкôģǻġ
ȻԼ֣ȻԲô鷳ĻȻǸˡ
ǸСģ˭۸˭Ҳһء
¶ЩЦݣҽȥҲЩһģҲظһġ
ԿɣԷҪǼǿˣ͸

Ĭƺ⡣
ڣ׼˼Ūʲô
š˼һ£Ҫۼè̹ȥһݰɣ˵֮Խ뷨ܲҲġ

ĵͷͦõġ
оԭЩıƣֶ˼ЩСƵֶǰøЦ
ԺҹҪŵģϣӲ˯ǵĳëèˣһ·ԺΧǽϡ
ǽ˹Ǳߡ
ֱʵû飬֮ǰͰҹƵéʱֲͬ
ǣ֣ҲܶԷӰ죬ое̼е档
һ·ǱߣȻͿ˽⡣
ͣڱϣСȵȵȡ
òŪӰɣ
˵ͷࡣ
Ʋһ죬ΪȥҲΪɵľٶҲû֮ǰ֪Ժôˡûã˾ͳˡ
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һèһǣߡ
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עĶ±˸ˣʹﲻͬҪǱ˷ϼҴڵЩ;ǰһڡĻ֪Լèͦģ̲סڵܿʲôʱé
ˣҲ˵ɣ
ԣÿʱéġڵϣèͨ
ëèΪʱˣ࣬ϵظʾ⡣èԸҲܹ˳ӲץҧˣνǾˡ
ҪʵڲеĻҲˡǴĶѾ˵ģо̫˼
ûȺĵþ
˲һѾ˼һһ·װ磬ѵĿڵĵģ
Ҳûʲô
ѵǴˣ
룺ڴ׵ĶƤµġ
Ŷͷ˿תһ׼˯ǴϣǱţͷ״׶Ƥ
˲֡
ҲЩΣܲԼҲҪӵġ
ٳˡ
ڴҲϣһЩĴʣÿڼҴСͲͣҲ֪ʲô˼ָ£һСһСϡ
֮ߵϣ̧Ȱƨƨɾˡ
˵һֻ൱ɾСèˡ
һ֮ǰ׼èʺԵЩˣû˷ѵȫ˽ıϡȻʹʹèһ·ˡ
ǽĻһ·̣ԶԺźĴ
̲סЦЩ˸òᷢɣ
ϵЦҲſͣ͸ЩƤ£ûȥԺѧŪЩ²룬ԺҲ֮õĻ䡣죬νĵû£ֻҪԺУ˾ϣ֪ģЩҲ򲻹ҡ
Ҳȷʵ
һ˹º͵ģʵϣС
صһҲˣڴϣûþ˯ȥˡ
ڶһ磬ȥԺ

73
ֺġ
ȥʱ,ΤѾˣȫõ˻ϵģҲߴ֡
λ,,ġ
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šͷۻѾĲ,ķΤļ磺һɡ
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Τƺϵֻıλϣèʺ棬ã
Цһ£Ժè𣿡
Τûɵ,Ժ˵һֻ
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վסһȺдıߴǱ˹,Χ˷׷ÿ
˵߶,ı𣺡ҵϣǲŪģ
һ,Ȼʽġ
ʱôЦ
㣡ıˣǰһЩʲô߲ƣ΢һͣ١
ŵӺûˡ
Ҫ֪ǵӷᣬ˫ְ𶼲ɣοˡ
Ľıƾ֪ӵݣԼһȺ࣬˭˳ֱһǺܳ飬µˣ±Էһ٣Լ˴ɲзϾ㹻ˡ
ݿܸߣǱԽˣȺ׵Ұ˶Ǻų⣬ܶ඼ͷԷ֫򵥣һͻֱӰ˶
ԱԼ˻ڿţҪ½Ȫǰ˶ˡ
ûõ˼ı¾Щˡ
ʱ½ȪѾŭĿˣı㵽ҪʲôԼˣΪʲôҪֵϣ˵ӾŪģ
½ȪıˣЦһתˡ
ʵҲǳһ亹±ģûж׷̫ࡣ
ıˣƲƲȥȥˡ
ȥ˷ϢһͼΤ˳ܹѹ˵֣֪ıˣ
ţĿ˷Τһۡ
һ磬ôͳˣοΤ⼤ӣС¡
ȻΤڵ֪ģȥ;¥Էʱ¼ҵˣֱӱ˼ҸİڶûѹƼ¶Ժˡ
Ҳ̫˰ɡ
ǸǡһƬҺΪͷߣʡͬҲеͷߣ¼ҾеһҡԽ˶ͱ뺷Ըᣬͷߵ֮ҪǻǵʣѵĸһҪǿЩ
ңҲͬиġ
¼ôţҺ֪ϣҲΪ޿֡
ؽ磬ָɽϵˣĳģһЩĹԱҪС˾߲ȥˡ
֪ıô¼˵ģͶԷԸ񣬻ᷢĳͻʵҲЩϢͰգҲûж룬պһ鷳ˣһͦ˵ġ
ص֮δĵģ¶Ҳ˳˵һ
һ٣ᡰšһǻͦģԺҲͿ԰ĶˣȻЩС鷳Ҳͦ˵ġ
ͷȷʵˡ
ͷźɰȴǻް¼ң֪˭ˣֻû뵽ԷĶȻô죬ϲŸ˵˾ͱ
ҲڣʵϣҪΪ֪ǸԭˣֱӰѽıȴҲǲɡ
Ҳʹˣı˵ر𻵣ҲˣƢԳݣκ˶öԷùǣֻĿ˼Ҳ˳ۡ
Ҳֻ˵ǽսıģԼϰˡ
£ıһ˸û
Ҫ˵磬ʵϣ¿ӵҲȫ֪ĵزϵʱĳӺĻƷǱ״̬Щֱõʡȥ͸ϲ֮ġʡǣ˵ǵġ
ӣʵױ͵ָ㡣
赭д仰ܰҵʵķ
Ҫִ֪֪ʶƵôḻҲһҵ׼ԼҪܱ
֪ⷽˡ
һ㣬Ҳ˺ĻƷһ֪š
ʡǵǰҲרҹġ
¼ҵģ֮һ
ңҲҳԱеһԱطȥ
ǵİŶŵϳģڴڹӦ״̬
ܶ˶ֻŽȥʣԼһԼݣ濴ɲԡ
¼ҵλ˱һλ
պ˵֮Ȼ˵ˣԼԿ֪Ըײº֣ӸƵĴèȥܿóϱ˵ˣﻹԼ˼ǡ
ֻûҪ˵ˡ
յ£Ҳû
֪֪࣬ҲκͬҪɣͬҲػ𣬲öԷҪ˸۸
á
Ҳ૵⻹
ڵУǿ˵ҵףԼĲŻûʲôŻȻҪҪˣԼ޷ֱӶֵĸо
Ҫһ˵գа취Ž
Ȼ
һ̣δ˸ı䣬ԭǰ㣬СӣȱԴ뷨Ȼ˾޴ĸı䡣
Լҷɵһ֪ǵ״ģû̫Ұġ
һչͺˡ
һ˻˵ǸӣȻ׼¥
ȻûвӦģ˳򣬹ǵؤˣӦþǾǸ͸˿¥ԸǸϳӡϳӵĳǷǳõģζ¶ܳôġ
һЩ˵ķӣϳоġ
˱ȥϴȻ˶ˣͰѰΰɡ
ͷ˵ʱʱַģڲˡ
ĥţԼȻ֪ܶ˵ķӣȻؤǸĴֲһֱɵǴҲ
Ͼ˼ҿ¥а꣬ḻѵʱһЩҲǼ洦ġ
οҽָܰ˸κãʱ֮˼Ҳǡ
طվ̫ˣܶණŲȥ
ϳӾʹڳɵ״̬ѾȴȥԼȥдˡһ߿ţһ߰ϳӵ˵˳
ϳԭǸ׸ųһһ¥ĴѧһǾõľ¥֮һа괫СϳʳڣЩʦȥ¥Ȼϡ
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74
ʦһŮ,еӣʵҲڳϵ츳ֻϧԷ־ڴˡ
ʦΪöӳɲ,µĵ,Դ൱,ҲɶԷӵĵִ
ǿѧʮ꣬λ̲ˣܶ궼ûٻʦ֮ǰ,ʵѾ¥ӵģֻϧôȥ,ԷûлֻǴϳӺŮͬ
ϳָ,ʦѧõģ̳˾¥ǰѾ¥̵ĺġ
ڼ֮ʦӻˡ
ԷЩ,ѧϰգ֪ѾˣʹҪ̳лؾ¥
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ϸʦһҲһ¥ߵѪ
ϳӴСѹˣʦֲϲѧգɵʦּ̳Ҳһģö֮ϳҲûҰĵġ
Ȼˣǰôѡһ£˼һŬ˭ø˰Ҫظ׵ľ¥Ȼˣǰϵ꣬ǰеģֵǡ
˼ҲǻˣûϳӸߣֻһͬӪ
ϳѾˣʦܻ󣬰жʹӣҪ˶Էձʶơ˫ԼñԳգ˵ˣԶ뿪ǣѧĳա
ϳвŻǸ֮߰ˣЩӺʦܵദҲˣʱѧʦܣ൱ĸˡЩͣǰʧȥʱԳյȰоȻûĺ˱ԡ
ʹ¶
Ĳ˱Ȳ˼ңƷǶӣ٣
һ֮ϳԪҲ߲˾ЩˡĶһҼ״ʰȥأϳһˡ
˫ش֮£ϳԽǣܾ裬Ϊؤˡ
дõķӽˣöԷȥҽץҩϳӺȣһ߶˵ķ財ܺãֻҪһ꣬ܳ׺
һ£𲢲ŪЧùúҩũֵҲЩõҩಢرȫ
ܺþСԷˣȻⲡҪԽأʲô⡣
ʵϣԭľ鵱Уϳӵ財Ҳȷʵǿ٣ؼʱ򷢷衣
Ϊľ˴̼ڲﶯֽš
ֱӱץסѱûˣҲûˡ
ҪˣֵҾٻָĿһЩɡ
һҾ¥Ȼֻϳһʱʱ״̬˾ˣͻˣɾͲһҵˣҪһЩʱ䡣ʡزģȻ֧¥Ҳĥ˿¡
дŻȥ˴ˣ׵˹Ű¡
ҪҲǱİȫ
ϾòܻܵСȻѾڣ׶ŮӣҪµģҲﲻϴæǶķ֣ͷģӣļƣõĻǲٵġ
Ƕȥ˾ӣЩҲˡ
кʵĿ͵߲ȱӣҲɣʧΪһȥ
󣬴͹˼ˣǱԽ˰Բȫʱձɼﻤˡ
Щ֮Լȥʺϵľ¥ѡַҲôˣȻѧҲһ𡣺ʣϳԸµӵģֻ񻹲ȶû֣³£֪ȱˣԥһдŸԼͽܵˡ
ϳһ¥ô꣬ʦ׶ӻʱʮˡ
Ǹͣʣѧͽӵġ
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ʧ֮ЩҲһ̶ۣܵͽܣϳЩһֱûЩ飬Ҳǲεģ꾫һӿҲδûЩԭ֮ͬҲһ
ѾȥôЩˣȰͳȥٵϳӵЩͽܾǷػعҲҪˡ
ɾЩȲˡ
֪һЩҲ࣬һЩ˲ý̸εʦЩȴûҪ̫ţΪǿһ³ƷҲܹŵḻĳʦҲܹóԵζȻĲһһµģֻҪζãҲг
˼ûҪǵ׷һģһζ
мͨӣٽһˣҲͲõľ¥֮󣬳ӱ˸֮ġ
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οּ򵥵ģӱˣһǣһζϳ֣Լоʽĳӣɾͱˡ
룬ǿ꣬ȣҪǿ˸ȳôģÿɹƺͺܲ
ѷó󣬾ͺϳĥζϲʣѾûԵˣϳӵǴСʴϻ۵ģ˻Ǹ߳һءͬķӣϳȫͲһȼϡ
ܿģһҾ¥ͷĿҵˡ
󲿷鶼һ޵ģûϼ죬Լ⣬ҲòæԼæùҲûӲȥ֪ھУ沢ġ
ϳӰѹζ¥Ҳõʣһţ⻹治
Ҳû꣬ɲֻһҾ¥ģһ֮ϳӵͽܵҲ͵ˡ£׼ˡ
ĳӣҲԼͼͽֻˡ
ûʲô£żοο󲿷ֵעǷԺ
;ʱ򣬵˹ҹ˵ˣؾˡһʱ䣬˳һһҲȥ˾ǣﻹר̴Ŵɩ˵¡
֮лͦĵģϾһֵȷʵá
һƷԣôһһ죬ҪϺء
˼һרҫһ
ȻҲȥˣعͷ뻹ǲ
֪ǻȥģҲû£ֻϸİ˼䣬ûô
תۣ͵˿ҪԵʱˡ
ǱߣҲ¶˾ģøθ˳˵ˡ

75
ڿԻؾϢ,͹˳ϲʤ
Ҫȥǣ˳»ָ˻ӵݣϺ϶ֻһ,Ը͹˳,Ҳǳ˼ҵ,ҪģȻҲҪһˡ
һڴ˺һͷȻ͵Ȳģʰ׼Ͼȥ
֮ǰ,ϵȻǲҪȥǱҫһģ֮ǰûԱ,ô,ǿüˡ
ȻģһҲͶ֪ǿ˸ɹ,Ҫľ¥顣
ҲȷˣȷʵǴԽġ
ЩִĻôܻС
Ҳеļɵء
֮ǰɵʱҪ,ֻٴȷһ¶ѡֻ֣ͨ˳,Ҫ˵Ҳ˺һʱˡ
Ϊûص,λ,ʱûڣȻؾ,ĥҪ˵ˡ簲ţҲĲǡ
Ѿȥѹ˳˹˳ʱЩ緢ζȻܹЩֵܺǿ˳ۣ˵Ҳǻܹ֮ǵġǲŸջû죬ϲõĸоûдȫɢȥҲʹŵָо
ôˣǸϷʲô£˳ЦģЦʵϵˣҪ˸ҲʹֱӴ˾ǡ
ܹ֮ػöţ֮
ĿǰǸջ˵ʱĸ̶ȶһָ߶۵ʱ̡
⻰Ҳ̲סȻûд˳ȷʵһˣָ˻֮λ֮󣬶΢ķҲûбľٴ룬෴˻Ӹˡ
ȥӭӹ˳˻᲻ʹҪ㡣
ʲô˳û̫ӣûʲô顣
Ķ棬˵֮ǰڼʱӦҲ֪һܶʳķӣʱҸģΪҿһ顣ʵϣӦҲܹôһ¡
ڹ˳Ļɣ֪ģΪ֮ǰﵱ˳˵©
Թ˳ͣǾöԷЩϢģֻΪû˵ԶԷûʡ
Ȼ˳˵ͷҲ˼֣Щ֮һֱҲǺܺģҴŲµһЩ
ʵǸţķӣҲġ
Ϊ˼Ҫ˵ĻʵԺҪԣţҲˡ
ЩǹģеģҲ֪ǡǰ㣬ضŹ˳ѹɤ֪ȴֻЩ
ʼεЩӣڻؾ·ϣҾͿʼεδεԺҪ顣
˳ɬĶ˶Щ֪֮Щ붼ġ
ҲûƭıҪԷһжǹϵģֻãһҲܺá
ʵδʲô
εҲȫε˾ǣҪǣϺϲĹλĺܿ졣
ζʲô˳̾뵽ˡ
ͣȻ㲻г𣬵ΪϵҲǲʵӲԸԷܳΪߵĺˣһ˳ĸʺλ뷨
ϾλĻǺҵĹϵɾͺڲһˡ
ǰõҵĹϵûʲôصĺо֮һЩСֶΣλ˻ʵۣвǹغˡ
£ôˣȥǻ᲻顣
һʼͶǵ롣
ԼĸʣԼӹܣƢ꣬ܳΪߵĺˣʱ˵ƱЩӻҪõĶࡣ
û˵ȿ˿ڣѾ쵽ˣҪٲ׼ܿǾҪŽˡԺͻֻ֮£ΪԶǰȥʡǣҲ϶Ϊ˻ԣǰǡ
ЩҩĲܣҪڹע⣬ֱ׾ٵ顣
ϸģûôʱˡ
ҲԼ˵Щ̫ݶʵϣļڹ˳ǰûӡˣҲˣ˳⡣
ֻҪǴ֪ͺá
˳Ĭ£Ȼһ취μӲκοԵġֻҪõʣҲ͹ˡ
ϱһ䣬Ŀɲֹô򵥣Ҫ
ϻһԽߵĴڣֱں
֪˵ֱˣ˳ͦʱǶν飬ɱкøУҲô࣬˳ɻһ
ǶԷĺôҲʱЩպ޵һ㡣
תһ룬Ĺһأǵʱ򣬲˵˳Զ˾ǵġ

ʡǱߣ֮ǰİĽıڴ˼ֻ֮Գˡ
Щǣ͹һš
ıҡڵĳţʵǸɵǺ½Ȫĺܽ𣿡
ֹһ˵½С⼸£͸ദˣػضȥ˵
ߡıЦһҲҵСĵùûʰͷΤڰԵˡ
ϾΤݣǰҲһڽı޷ǾǿŷΤ
ڴ϶õ⼸£Щʱ˵Խıһֱ֪Ρ
߰ɡĿ˵ȥҵǸӡ
áһȺ඼ź壬˵òС
¼ֻǽźͽıھ¥ͻŴ˽ıһ٣ǶʵΪ
Լڶء
һڵţܿĳӡ
ӣһЦкţЩʲô
ıмЩͼ˵۾ţ͵ʵأ
Ժӣ𲻻Ժ֮ǰҲǰߵġ
ܿ죬㿴ͬʱģͽ˶Ǳ뺷֮׳۾һ˶ԭءıһӣ˾ǼѪġ
ɭվüıˣʲô£
ıԭء
֪¾ĸ͸ˡ
Ȼ֪ԷҵˣǻҲû£ʡǺǱߣɲһطġ
ϣ֪Լƶ򲻹ҲǴСŵģôڱϣΧ˵Ŀ⣬֪˭ҪǻˣҪҪˣ
ǿװ򶨵߹ȥһЦ𣬺þò
Ҳվʲô
ġıæҲܵġ
ЩĿȥ˵Ҳͦ׵ģֻϧЩˣ˲ԡҪ֪ʶȤĻȥ
ҪȻɾͲ֪ᷢʲôˡ
˵꣬ƮƮһЦתҪߣȻһӶջԭء
翪ʵѻ˵˭Ըģ

76
֪ӽı֮ǰĳͻ,˶֪ġ
Խı⻰һ뵽ⷽ档
ıһŵ˶ɵ,֪ЩԽж³ç,һ,Ͱ͵˵⡭ɲҵ£ֻ͵ǵ̸˼ҾɹĿٶѾˣǾû,Ҳ֪㵽׵˭
Եٶɳ͢ɹġ
ֻ֪ǰæ֯ʵٲҪġ
ɭֵܶ˾,óı˵,һɣͷŽıˡ
ôһţı˲,æ·
ɭعͷԼҵܵܣ˼Ƭʵ
ܺ;ǴϹϵģҲ϶ˡ
ͷӦˡ
Ҹü츸ǻȥһ£̸̸,Ҳչ㣬ٵùƽĿСֻҵĸ,Щ㣬̶֪Ѩ,Щ͢Աߵ˶١
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һкõϹ,˵Һ¼ҵ峤˹ϵҪȥ˵˵
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ϴκ֪ͻʱ˼Ҹҵģ˵Ҫ֪Ӱ˿ԣȥ̸̸
˲ĻƷҪ򣬿϶ǻӦġ
ıҽֻҪЧһЩġ
һģ϶ʱÿˣⶫֻҪŮӺС¶ǰѳֲסġʡߣֻǸ˿Щҽľ͸˵ˣһϾû˵ġ
츸ҲɵȶӵĶãǹϵһز˼¼ҲܰѼЩ¸˵Ⱥ¼˵˵ʡǣҸ̫ԶҲʹ̫ľҲҪ֧Žȥ˫رա
¼ǵصĵͷߣ¼ҾͿֱв߲ʡǣ̫Զò
˵ʡȷʵ¼Һʹ
ǹ˳˵ûʲôĸ壬Ź֮ҲĿͰ͵ģûʲôҲûʲôжӳĻٻվһء
ȷʵûӣǵصͷ¼ˡѺý̸Աûܵžӡµš
ǶӵˣҪôԺ͵Сһˡ
ԱҪˣǱͲǶбĹԱĻôᱻɵƧΣصıԽֿƿ¡֮ǰǸջĴ˵񣬰ʾԵʱһѧ
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Ҫ֪йӣֳƢãҪöӷ˼µˣʰǣǼֱ׾١
ӿɱȲۺĶӰ
񽻻һ˲;ˮˡ
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ѧҪȥʱ򣬰·ϣ½Ȫסˡ
𡣡
ͣ˽Ų½ʲô𣿡
½ȪһԱߵķΤΤɫ˵úãߣǰ㰡
ͷΤ´뿪ˡ
Χûˣ½Ȫſ˵Ѿ˵ˣıǼҪε񡣡
½ȪϢǺͨģѾ˵ĿУ֪˽ıȥ鷳顣
ûҪΪ𣬱Ͼʱ˵ʱ򣬽ıҲûӵģ֪Щ鲻ܴ֮ͥ´ֵȫ˵ѹɤ˵ġ
Ҳû
½ȪҲΪ¾ǽıҪġ
šҲûз˼½ʲô𣿡
½Ȫպ޵˴̫ӲԣǰֻҪĽĿ֮£Ϊԣϲֱ׷ĸоϾѾˣҲʺϺһ
ǺͶԷദԽãͷԽĺá
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̫ˣֹһοᶨģᶺԷġ
飬δġ
ҽ֮󣬲ŮӺ͸ҪǶԷȴɲΪһЩ¥֮ĵطҲδȥ
һһˣ½Ȫ˽Խ࣬͸ӵҪӵС
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½ȪȻóķܣյô˳ȻѲ˳Ȼ󣬽ҾͲˣ
ҲȦӣüۺߴӣ֪ϲġ
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½ȪֻҪȢңҾܰһΡֻҪһ֮ǻİɡ
ʱˣ˾ͻˡ
Ŀ½Ȫһۣתˣ½Ȫû˿ĶݣǰᣬҲᣬƮƮ˵ɵĻѱ˵£ˡ½Ȫһŵĵ׷βŻعȦ죬ݺݵĶһ½ܿˡ
ڻȥ·ϣΤֿˣܲ춼һԷ
Ȼ··ҲһҲˣϿҪˣû㶯˳ô˵ġ
ֻһգ˳϶ֻϣϣһһȥˡ
˳ֻ𲻲μԾ˵ģҪžڻʵǰһпܣǽıĻʵҲרǰ𣬲ȥμӽԵġҲȫǵ꣬űƵ·
ֹԵˣֻҪһ룬֪˳ҲûһҪס
ҪҲס
ʶ࣬˻ȥôҲˣִ⻹Ҫμӣԣҵ˶֡
һ㣬˳֪Ҳ֪
û⣬һȺ·˵ȫһϰɣһŻؼȥԷء
Щ˵һ㣬ͨĵƦåƲǹ˳ˣڰЩʰһ֮ЩҲûаԼĹţֻǱһ˸ˣ棬Ҳ峤ʲôʮӣǴ־ˡ
ֻǴϣζЦЦ
ҽܺãǴϣɲһܱ֤պ᲻ʵġ
ǻػĵƦĵĵ˵Ҳò˵ĳ̶ȾС
ҲúЩ˶ƽˣˣ߰ɣҪץǸˣʱҵԸһ
һȺʱǰһҪ֪ʡǣǵϢǺͨġ
˵һͲǵصġ
ñҸ˳ⱳվ˭һʱֻҪһʾ֪ˣҪǱҷ⡭ȭͷԻЦĺͰ
Щ˸æҲңһúˣ͵ˣ
˵գһȺæߡ
ƲƲ죬ؼȥˡ

77
˳ֲ,صǺʱ̫̣ҲĲ˶١
ҲûǮ
£ֻԼһŵù,²ոǿ,Ҫ,͹˵صĻƦû뵽ȫûʲôãֱʽʼ˶ûЧ
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ŪԷģȫһһԼˡ
һ˵½˹Ժ,Խ,Ű֮Ȼаˣǰé
߲,ڵڶ
Ѿ㹻һ˵ˡ
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Ѿ˾ˣ֮ҲͲȥԺˣǰ¿ʼģһֵĻڴĿǰû·,Ӧ·ݡԾ͵ȥˡ
Ǿ߿ɲͲǼ򵥵Ĵϵʡˡ
ңԶ
һȥˣҪɾе㲻ˡ
,ҲˣҲû,ɴ͵ڼҹ֮ȥǺˡϾԺ汻ŵ,͸ĸˣȻʱ,Ǿͺúϧǡ
ֻǣ̧ЩǵĿĻ᲻ᵢ㵽ʱƿߺЩطѧȣķȷʵûôŨ񣬷Ҳ಻ǱߵĺáϢҲȲǱߡ
һԺһһΡ
һҪǿã͵ٵˡ
ҡҡͷҲûʲô֮ȥԺʷӾˣֻҪܿϾͺãҲûҪǰΡԺӱǺвܵġ
οҲȷʵ׷Ҫá
ҪǿУһõɽˮòпǼ׳۵ģֻϧԵüҪһȥ棬ǴĮ̣ɽӣҲ
ǻᣬҲؼŷҪһط
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һԵġҲȷʵ⶯ѡ
ļ£ʡǵҲˣͻصϣŵסһʱʱĻشȥϵȡ
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СǸðֵӣҲ󷽣׽л
ƤʵԸҲ䡣
ǰﻹרݹȥδɼ˶
굱Ŷëѩѩ˺һ㣬ĺ˿ûӰ쵽֣ȼ¯𣬳˻ʹһֵĴƣʱˣĻЦ
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һֱ굽˰ҹڣҲŽˡ
ȺˣˣҶϽĻȥ˯ĥĥģһ죬ɲ
һԹԻص˷䡣
賿˫ۣߵߴ˴ӡ
ϣԺӰӰ´µʮӰ
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꣬û뵽˳ȻôӣȻڽ顣
޾ķŭӿͷԭΪ˳ӦûǸϵ·ϳߣʱʲôȫҶôɱֹѲɲҪɱŻҪļ
˳ıҲЩɱǵۣһһЩѲɻרűܿļˣ
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ʶİѺ§һС˯ţûбŵѡ
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𴲱ߵֱӴӴһܾһ¥ŵľһĻս˫ۣڶ¥ôôֱˣ
֪ǰˣȴ֪Էܹôá
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ϾǼҲûежġ
ľЩŵĲУֻҺܵŹ궼ص˼ȥˣôˣҲ֪ù
ûĵطԺԺһĵֱѿ˶ûüʲôֱӵ˷϶
Ƿ϶ֺϣʲôûзƵġ
츸ɭݵķӦҲܿ죬ͬʱ̾ѹͳ˳ڻỿ˽ıԽΪҵĵϵһ丸׺綼ֱδ󺺣ģôܲͨա
ڼǰֶ˾϶ǼѪġ
ȻᱻԴ
ϺʹϱҲǲյģŷűĿš汻Ҽ˷Ľȥһˡ

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Ĺƶǳ,Ҳˣܾǹ˳Ǳˡ
Ҳǳصģʮ,кüڸսԺӵʱ,񵽵ȥ,ҲʣˡԽؽ磬Ҳǲĳֵģûã˾ȫûˡ
ɭ,׼һǶ˭ģ
ڵϵһǿ,Ȼû˵
𿪿ڵ,ҲˣЩֱӳҹʮа˾ǹ˳ɹġϾ˳ؾѾкü,ôģԷҲԼˡ
ϵȻߺܰΪ͸׸̫ҪϳǺ׵ġ
䣬ϵı˲˱仯,û˵ˡ
ȻѾ֪ҪϢˣɭֱӰ˸ˡ
,ϺҲ˵,һһ,ҲЩδǵĻ֮,ϲߺ޵˵ңЩìܣ֪ȻôݶȻҪǼˣ
ϼֱ߲ѡ
ǼҺңҲ͵ЩëƤ£ҲԼ²ˣôֵܹϡȻûȢһʱ֮ڣӹıǻӺ̫ࡣҲԼѡİûˣӻûӴǰ˼ͺͻӻ˲֪á
ﻹ֪ôͻȻͰ֮סǱܣԴˮ֮˭Ļ˼
˵ˣڹ˳ָݣҲ֪ùˣαػҪ㱨
޺Σչɱ˵ĵزȫ˾÷˼
츸Ҳеܲ˼飺֮ǰ򿼹٣޵֣ɾ޿ȥôҲȵ˼һӰɣ
õô
ȻǼӹĺܺãһҽ뻯Ҫùϵ˲٣ȷʵλϿ϶ܺ˼һȵġ
ڱԽĻãϾ壬Ҳǵͷ֮һȥ˾ǣҿɾͲʲôˡ
ԣڱԽʵȾǻҪһЩ
û׼Ǳ֪ǶӵˣϾ֮ǰٵʱǾֱ˵˵ġɭûʲôķСܵҽȷʵܺã˾ǣһŶģԴӿǺܲġ
˿϶ǲ²֪δԲù˳ǰôԸ
˼֮ɭҲֻܵóۡ
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˵ʱ˳ǱҲڽ飬ǻҲǾľģ˱̸õ֮⣬ʲôöҲҲ͹ȥԾԼѾˡ
ҴҹȻôһ
ˡ
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ǱڻСĺƽϸϽ˵ˣȻݰɣ𿴺Ӹˣô죬˵ҹҲ壬ԺҲʰ߰߰ɡ
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صȴ˯ˣº˯СŵϣԼڴϣƫͷ𣺡𣿡
ְӦòˣİɣһᱣǵġ
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ΪߵĻļͥ붼һ㡣
岻ãڼ˿ȻҪǿˣֻСʱϰǿȲ󣬹ԺҲû˿ü
ȻˣҪΪ֮ʴߣƿҲԽӵ¯ࡣ
˵赭дǾþóУֻԼҷԽ˹ȥſϣ͵͵ţôõˣķء
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סһֱ󰲸ţԣûˣֻǸجζѣЩѾɱˣһһֱģ°
صĿţɤſǻֺſ̹ǵĺ⣬εˡ
ʲôоԼƺһ
ŬƽԼĺŵɺܴ󣬿޵ȫֻͣܳҭŻش֮ǰˮ˵جκɱģʱȫǲʲôǸոգεˣɱ㡣
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ĺڷ£ⲻǻûǶúõģҲôôܱɱˡ
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ЩӣҲ֪϶ʲôֵġ
߶µģ§һһĸĺ󱳣Ҫ侲ãŻģȱˣʲôòã
Ӧߣʧʹš
ͿƲס
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ٲҪʵԲ
ֻڣͺ֪ľ鲻һˣпûдνڻָܻǰ䡣
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ָܻǰҵһˣڵӦöͬһꡣ
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ҲûбĽˡ
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ˡͻȻ뵽һ⣺ôεΪһӣΪ⣬˵ǸͬһطģȻɱأʲôͬһطܲͬһɣ
ҪͣҪ˵ĿɾͶˡ
Щ߶߶ľһ˵׼ΪμпģѾġ
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죬Ҳ²ΪΣֻܹξǱȽȡֵġ
ЦЦû˵Ҳлǰ˵Щˡ

79
ڶһ,츸ˣȥǱߣѼ¸˵һ,ûþʹһȺ˻
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һ,һСû𣿡
šȥˮϴ˯еѲ
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ϵǾú˯Ȼѷš
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ǿϹŵĺȦ֪ϻȥ϶û˯š
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΢΢Щ˵õĹЩߵ,ͻȻǰʲô¶ûСӳ,˭֪ʱᷢʲô£
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˵ţͻȻް,˵Ҫͱȥ˰ɣ
һ
ϲ˵ǴӰǲԸȥǵģһ·֪жٷգ㵽˾ǣǲ͵˼ҵĵˣʱ˼ҪԸ㣬ɾ׵ĺˡ
ǼȻ˵Ǵ˶ӣ˭֪ǶǸʲô̬ȣǺͶм仹ɩףϵоҲûô˼ǻһֱûʲôҪ󣬲һ
οûǧշģܲһֱĵģСҲʹʲôվͶûˣҪǲ㷴ȥġ
ϳӣε֪һֱſȥȻ󵱸Сٵġ
ؽİٻš
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˼Ѳɾ͵㱨ûӵΧŵ˶أһܼ档
Цûץһֱţתص⣺͹滮˵ģҲ֪СҾŶ飬ǰֻûڼȻˣȻ׷ˡ
ôҲˣҿ϶ԱСͺӵġ
˵ˣҲû׼һϾ
ͷİɣҿ϶ԼСЦġ
һĻҲ֪˵ʲôˣʵϻȥ֮ɷҲĹҪͱСȥǿʲôƾˣɷ˵ӴˣԼ뷨͹ܲס
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ֳܵغ֮ǰѾˡ
Сȥǡ
ʱڴרķӽţԺٴ㣬ʡǱߵԺͣԸĻվȽŸˣҲ͹ֳĺÿСûаִֵġ
ֻϺֹ㸣ҲֳغôС̫Զ˵»صҲһֵø˵顣
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СС˵ǵ˵ġ
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Ҫ֪˳Ҳܳ裬оȥˣҲûһӸı㡣
ӱͶ˳ۣЩԣȻܻȥˣ˿϶ưոݵġ
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һ˵ֻҪȱӣõķӶȥ
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Ȼжʱûסˣ˴ĺܺã˿į˼ӵĶоռĿռûɾıִЩǴ˵ġѾ߳ȥ˱оȻֱϸɾı֣̺ôҲͿ˯ˡ
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ͬʱҲԸ˳ȥһ¾Ϣǹ˳صġ

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Щ˵֮ȫҲ֪˼ר˵˹˳ӻؾ֮˵ţ̵֮,ҪΪֻΪݵ΢,ʵûͬ,ҲΪţ֮˴Ӳҡǰʱ䣬ִ͸˴һŻ,Էƽ֮Ů
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С˵鵱Ȼ֪ƽ֮ŮģʵУȴǲ֪ģοҲţ˶˵һҲȽϺá
Ͼƽ֮ŮɲǸʡ͵ĵơ
Ǳȫɻһ,ѾԾĿʼƽŻһµ,ʵ۵ĸҲȽ񣬺Ϊ,ǰѾȥ,ֻһŮŮԸΪ裬ʱһ,˳ĵʱñӳˣھе
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ƽϿоȨģƽˣԷ½ɻڣҲŲ١
ƽ֮Ů滹ЩλģȢҲܵõô
䵽˳ܳĴϣҪƽ֮ŮٻŰʵǵһĳ̶ˣû˸Ȣù˳ݵλ˼Ҳ䣬¶ºǲٸ߹ӵܵﶼһ
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ٻ˱İ費ΪжãǶôıӣ಻ϰյŮӻСẦµġ
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ھҲеġ
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аɡ϶ҪģӦǾ͸һ̨ɡ
֮Ÿпһؼ۸Ĳ죬ҲǱ˭һԸô򡣡
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ˮƽߡ
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ⶫϾҲòҲܹƳ
š֪һЩӦǺͶӺġ
ڶǸƢ⣬˶ɫĲҲˣһϾŪģǶӵĺⶫǶ
һ˿ɲȥùͷһСľͺпܰˡ
ǵͦõġ֪ҵûͦ˵ġ
֪ⶫȥһֵء

81
ڽ,˶ֵߵģﰵ˲ٵߣֻθߴʱͷͲ෽˵Ż,̧ʱ,۽üҽ⡣
֮۷Χ,һĻҲݲʲôȥ
Сֻϴ˾ŵÿÿ
,˲
ߵ˱ϣ̧ķ򿴹ȥ,ֻһƥڽϷĳ۳,ŵŮɫǻңɤţˣǿ춼ÿ
ֱ߰ŵһЩӡŵİ,ֱӱײ
ǲԶ·룬Ǻ«Сܲ챻ԼˤǺ«ͲƤʱ۵ڵϿ
СҲˣʶǰһ
ȥסټ,ȻҲǴСΣյĵطģҶ
ٶȲ,һһ䣬ٶȸ졣
˲ܵ·м,С˻
СĿš
˵,Сһγ˳ȥ,εĿǷҲҵǰϸɢڵصĶţȺ׷ףٶȣ׷ȥ
̧˻ĿյץסᣬֱԾȥ
ٻϿ־Ѿ˳֪ЩԼͬеģźµʱۿЩŮӺ͸ǵЦ⣬Щ˾ڵſЦٻƽʱȻһϰװ磬ӱӳʱ
ʵϣҲ۸۸ǵŮӺ͸նǴҹɣͨա
ˣû취ˡ
ڽϿ񱼣һֱͣҲûòٻĿֻѾﵽߵ㣬ץסҷţѾ޵ϡﻩˡŶǲڽŵģײֱӰӳȥһſͲ̫ˡ
ʶٻֻ֪ԶһŵĿ޿ŮҲû̬Ȳá
ϾԱ־һ£Ҳûò
ڲٻץסǰŲŲ㱧ӣ˱𶯡
ˣ
ٻＤ֡
Ҳ˲ʲô˵ʲôʲôεıӲ֡
սǰڿ̧𣬵ûоʹͣԶ׼Ǳҩ۾ź죬Զ׼йɿϢ˫ؼվ̧𶷴ȭͷԴǼȦ
ºˣ궯ڰˡ
ֻλƣȻ
˳˵ϣѱӵŮ𣬺ôöԷûѹˡ
ٻûΧĸ˵İ˵أܿѾҲϹˡǱߣڰ˾֮ԶԶˣܹĵ´ôûʲô˰ɣ
Цҡҡͷû£ء
ڶҲһЩ˽ˣȻⲻɻᵣǣҲ֮ġ̬֮Ҳỳеˡ
תͷƥѾ𣿡
δҲ̫˰ɡ
ôȭȥûˣ
ǵǣֻʱȥˣֻҪָҲҪЩʱˡƥˣҲǲ
Ǳ߲ٻ߱һѾΧţ֪ԷļˣҲͲٹȥˣ˵ӣٺŮӳϹϵĺá
׼뿪ͻȻͷС㣬֮ǰްͰ͵СѾûˣǣ˭
ôĺӳˣûأ
ŴţӲӦǳ˼ң˵˿ŵǡ
ʵС˭ҵĺӣ
СϥǸߣŻͷԵģͦɰʻͷɤţ֣˼ҵġ
֣ˣһ֪һλ͢ԱԳ͢Ա죬֪λӡ
ʵǸ˭ģôֻһˣҴأ
Сл˻֣СͷĿɰشҸģҡ
û˵꣬߾ͳһ칫ӣҼүȥһ𡣡
˵ֵͷССүֵܣүںء
Ȼ˼СļҳҹˣôСĺӣǼȻҪСһЩȻ׳µģһ˷ӹߣɾͲһҵûˣԺעһȽϺá
ǡ˵칫ӽѵǣū֪ˡ
⸱̬ȣñЩ֪˵ʲôˣڵȻѾҹˣǾͰѺӴȥɣһ¾Ͳȥˡ
ûҪͻȻİ˴򽻵뷨
ȻҲ֪˽ύģڻԶûֻһͨˣ½С˼ҼҲкܴݲġ
ûҪȥͰ͵һ飬Щر
ֲЩ
˵ˣҽԼƽȵĶԻ⣬ڲҽύ㲻ʲô˵¡
˵ˣǰС޵ıƣ칫ӣҼүж͹ʱˡ
𣺡
ԣСǶӵݣǶӣ
Զԣֻܸȥˡ
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ʣҲ֪ǸǿƵġ
˸񣺡ӵºá
Էһˣⲻ֪˳Ҳͬˡ
ǰӴҽߵ󣬳ҲǿÿģȴΪѪĹϵмĸоۺһ΢ΣոУֻԷһЦʱͬ棬εۻˣҲůˡ
ԱߵλСòǾޣҪΪӵʴĶܸѹס
ȻһٲȻһõĻ档
˳΢Щкɣôڡ
Ȼô˵Ҳֱˡ
֪ʲô£
˳ֳ°ͣǰ㣬Щζʵǵ׺Ҵʲôôץǲţ
ޱҲ̫
ʵҲܲ³޷ǾǴԽô£֮ǰɣֻǲȷ˭
ӦǰĿ궨ˡ
˳ʵǴô죿ôˣ

82
˵Ȼô,ĴҲǲܸǰλӵġ
ҲЦЦû˵
˳Ȼӱ꣬Ҳûӵģ֪˼ǲԼ˵,Ʋû׷,ȤİɻȥҸѾĹ,Ӧ飬ҲԷһˡ
ЩĿȥû뵽ӾȻһİæ
Ȼ˵ǹڶϵ,Ҫ˵ֱӺͶӱϵϣЩҲǶµ˺Ǳ硣
Ȼ˼ҶѾ,Ҳǲ,±㿪ڵлӡ
á˳΢һ֣ҵˣ˳ҶǶ֣ǾǺҹȥ,͸ʰġͷ϶ˣֻϧͷǲˡ
˵ˣһûлովСһ
ԱߵСʹԴϡ
ֱ֣ȸͷ߰㣬Ҳһ,˸ƵҡһΣľ,ջ֡СҲȷʵͦģô۸Ҳһ,۵Сûʲô,Դϵֱջȥ֮󣬲ԼСһһİ,ͼҪԼͷ롣
˵Ż۸¡
һһ̲סЦ
˳˳ĿƳСǲģҪϲԶ档
ˣֻСº˵Ҳ֪ԸСϲġ
ͷѵôСĺӣʱҪЩտţǸոͺΣգ⻹оֱӱˣ͸ס˾ܣ˭Ҳ֪ʲô
ʱҵûôˡ
˳ڵûвͷԼĶǿһЩοǸбµģ֪ˣ´λЩ˵ġ
Ҳ˸ģǳҪȥǺ«Ǯʱһע⣬Լˡ
˶࣬Ǹ֣ȸСһûˣظҲûҶൢ󣬾Ϳٵ¥˳ڣϾСԼ߶ˣʵûԶ
Ȼ㱨ˣȻȥңĿҪúܶࡣ
ȻܻܷܿһǱ˷ӸץˣܷԼңʱ䣬ûˣǵȴĿɾͲǼ򵥵ܷɥˡ
Թ˳ڲŶô
ڶ¥С˸˵ˣ˳ͿȻǾһˡ
˵߱ܵĺ˵лûУ
֣ȸת壬ϱһ˵һ㺬Сӵлл~
û¡Ц´οɱˡ
á֣ȸĵͷ
˵䣬˳ֵˣҽʵҲרģ֮ǰǸϵģ𣿡
ĶҪˣǱҲûˣ򲻵ܲٸõ㣿
ҽֳغڸҩǸѧ˼ˣǰ꣬ȫŪģȻͨƷҲõģɸũﺬԭûȵġ
˳궼ͨɩǱߵ˼ƿЩĵȻһΡ
ϾֻǴøĸԼãĶǺõġ
˳ҲΪ֪еĲͬԲֱ
һתҲ֪ԭҲʲô£͵ͷӦ»ȥҾ͵Ӹȥ
ѾĻӣƩӣڹⶼԼĸۡġ
˻Ҳ˳Էʱˣһھ¥˷Ҳˡ
˾¥ǸĶû꣬Ǵ󼸸ŰᶫĻּ
ǱߣٻڴлعȥҾԼˣͷΧѾ˶ԷӰæżʵǸҵأ
ѾҲûעⰡ
иЩѾ˵ǸѾˡ
ǻȻȥɣʱȵȥлҲ١
ٻԥһ£ҲҲˣԼҲ뾡ȥϢһ£ȻȥҲáҲǷģȷʵܣ߰ɡ
˵žһԶȥ
˳ǱҲڹעš
յĴɱнӵľ棬ù˳֪ʱǲܶǶˣǻӣһȷʵ޼ɵǿͬԶ޼ɵ
Ҫͱȥɲá
н֣ȸвٻ£ͬҲ֪
֣ȸãϾ֣ȸ֣ǻʺĸ磬ǶһģûȶӰӶշ
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˳˼ʻ᲻õӰ죬ٻ齾棬ҲֻҪǼ֮ˣԾ޶԰ɡºܿʹòٻȥԸˡ
һٻ᲻Ϊ֮ϲתԸǣ
ʲô˳һ㶡
ΪٻѾлԼһʼûⷽ룬ôһ֮룬ȴҲûܡ
Ͳٻ㻥ϲȻǻӣٻ⣬ָܳ裬ǰǱֵı߹Щ
»⡣
ǿԷʲôϲġ
ôһпܣϾ𳤵ҲãŻҲҽҲտƲ֮ìܣ˳ͦģ򵱳ҲڹϵôáǣѾˣܲȥҰɣ
ͲңвȻȲҲģϺ̫ࡣ
ͨ˿ɾֻˡ
ŵԸ񣬻ңֱӴȥûࡣ
ڲٻָ˳֮ô¸ˣ˳ڻʵ˵ϻܿ˳ǾֻܴӲٻˡ
ķ֣һǲٻϲϱˣףڶǲٻʧ޲ˣֻˡ
˳ǻӣ㲻ܳ裬ʵҲڷҪԼȢû׵Ůӡ
룬ʵڵڶ֣һҲԣڣٻھôöûϲ˭ôһӾ氮һˡû취ʱȣֻܵڶˡ
Ȼһʵ۾ʽˣǿɾˡ
֪˲ٻ֮˲뵽Ǹһַٻ
뵽ٻѲ̶ȣҪЦˡ
˳ڲٻ᲻Ҳֻ΢һüͷΪһˣԼδϲϱˣ϶ҲǸ˲ġҲϲٻ޷ǾΪ˶ԷϵǵԲûôУҲֻֻһˡ
ƾǵԤ֪֮˳ʱҲǲ̫Υ˼
ԲٻҲҲʡöԷͻʻŲٻˡ
ǱУȫٳˡ
ھԸˡ
˳ȥɱĿˡ
ٻ±ֻ֪ܱ졣
ȻӦܲµõ࣬ͬҲ֪ٻǴǿġ
һҲֻǵ鵽׻ηչ˵һء

83
ȥ֮,ٻΪŹȷ˸ȣü춼ڴʱûʲôġ
ҲûѾµ,ȫҪڼ
һ,һ·
ߴСԼһ԰ﵽ
̶,ѾϾˣҪҷӾûôˣһľˮƽ࣬Ҳ̲١õĽʿ֮,Ҳûʲôŵȥˡ
Ҫ˽Ļ,,һԺ顣
ھǣҲĲ˼ȥԺ
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˳һھʹӦֻС,ŰɣЩܸˡ
лԷ,ȡһҩƿõĵҩ裬Ůٶܳ,һһ,Чġ
ҲӼҾϾ鲻Χչ,Ψһ֪ģ˺ûģƢ꣬ҪԵģֶξͼԸɴҩ
ӱǿ׳ĲҪû׼ϱһߺҪأ
ϾʹˣƾǰĵӾľ飬оŮӻͦװӸŪ˵ġ
˳Ҳ֪ҽҲûֱӾˡ
û죬͸һʿʦ
⣬ҩͳȥĹãʱڵ̤༴֮ǰӸ
ԭҲҪ׼ȥģǰʱǶ²׼˷ݡ
Ϊ˲ʹĸֿʽһģһݶԼġ
յӵ룬һҪȥ𣿡
һµͷȥɣǶԾǾͲϤҲ֪ȥȽϺãЩӦö֪ģҲ˳ˡ
СԼνģ֮һ£Ҫϲ
ȻͬˣȻҲûб
ͶӻҲͶˡ
죬˶һ·ȥ
·½½ҲвٵˣӶǹ̤ģ·ϣΧľɫһʰǱ޾ĴɫȾһ㡣
ڲ֪һ飬յĿ̤Ҳûпȥҡ
һƬĲݵ֮˳ȥѷ˳Ǿŷݡ
ݵҲкü˶ڷŷˡ
ѰһԶ˵ĵطõʱݱסˡ
ڲԶһŮӿߵĳϸĳ񣬻кÿ̲סһֱšʾһߵѾߣǱߵģʲôˣ
˳Ųٻָķһ£˵ǾǰЩϾǸˡ
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⻹ǲٻ֮һγء
Ϊһ¾ϳˡ
ʲôٻһһ˫۾ԭֻϲһͣǶԷԼһ˵֮󣬲ٻͲͬˡ
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ԡ˵ūۿǸ˰ѿģдġ
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ĿⲻƵĿҪѶԷĳ嶯һ䣺ӡ
룬ʱû߹ȥ
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𿴹ȥٻǷԼæתͷȥܿǵߣ΢üǺ֮ǰϾȵǸŮӡ
ԷȻ뿪ĿûкǶӣİ֮˿ҪֳԼõĸֻȥСԶ׼
˫˫Ĭ𣺡òΪ֮ϲ˰ɣ
Ҳûпܡ
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һܾ˰ɣϾѾȥôЩˣҲûŵл֮ġ
Цһ֮ǰûŵлڼˣҲǰǸߵı֣˺𣿡Դ󷽷ֱǰǵһлġ
ϲԣĶҪˡ
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Ц˵ȸӵܻҪá
ʩЦգҶ
˵ӣǱߣʾѾ߽ǵĶӱС׻ͦ˷ܵģСֻţѽѽĺŸ׵ֺǺɵ֣ߴﹾ಻֪˵Щʲô
һѽڻСƨֱϡ
˵ߺӣһ߽ź죬һ˳ȥĸš
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ĺӣһ䣬͵ͷרĵȥСˣﻹСķҲ֪˵Щʲô
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ӡ˸кĿƣ䵽˶ԷһȺˣҿŴ磬֪һˡ
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Щ˺͹˳ڵĹϵһ㡣
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𻹿ԶĹ˳ˣ˫һۣûдк˼
˳֮ʱҲ͸һ
Ѱһƽزţ𵥶һվŵʱһֱԶԶŵĲٻЩͽŵߵǰһͨ죬㡭ҡ
ɫ䵭΢̧°ͣʲô𣿡
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ûʲôֻÿѣǱˣҲȵġǿöŮĿİĽĶһ£ĻҪ˿ѻ޵ݣ½ȪǸ⣬ΪشƫƧѡΧ㣬Ͳž˻ܲں㡣
СĸŪѣ±һ£Ľ
ٻĿ䵽Сϣȴ˲ѣԼģȻϲ
ԺȻһԼġ
ʱıԭ뷨ûʲôµĻҾȹȥˣҼҷɻڵҡ
ٻеĽһ㡭ںδմæûʲôҵҸҪʽлġ
ظһƺţ¶һЦݣٻ
ԡٻЦˣԼҲЦˣңҾٻ
һǰŮӣʵϴױݶܹóһԸȽŰˣһӣǲע⣬ѷ㡣
Ǹ˳δ޵ȷʵһģһġ
ʵ֪ҵ

84
ʲôٻ㶵Ŀ,ȷԼȷʵʶǰӣʱ˿̣ͻȻֲõԤС
𿪿ڵҽ𡣡
𣿡ٻЩ졣
ԱԽ,δյ֮شͬһط
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ŭ֮,ϵļӴȡ
ǰЩ죬յǵͬҲ˴ɱ
,ʵһֱҪصģϲˣ
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죬ҵԼҡҲ֪㡭
ǲҪĻ,лͲ,ԺɾǶĸлˡ
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ٻǰ񶾵ӣû˴ɱ£ҲûʲôøСֻȻɱļ˵ˣҲǿЦ
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𿪿ڵǸ˾ǹ˳δޣٻ֮ǰһֱ׷ɱǵˣƾŵġ
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Ѱ˼ϵڣٻӦɱ˰ɣӦǲɱ𣬵ԼɾͲһˡ
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ⷢչֵĲС
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ҲɵԲٻʲô֪֮࣬ٻձͻǶʱ䣬ûΪ
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һֱҲûȥˡ
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ҲˣΪӸϾһңλϲûˡ
ٻֵôܻӸȥϲ
»㱨ϢӻʾԷȥһͨˣӸԼȥõģҪȥҲֻܽˡƩ˵ӡ
һУͶ˵ԼʱЩģ֪ȥ£˳ʵٰܾ캢ӵ磬һȥ
ڹ˳ڵˣ԰˴ȥǰύһЩˣûʲô⡣
װԥҸ޹ʵģôȥ̫ðɣ
ʲô˳ڵҪȥ˶أдССĹԱ붼ҪģҪҵӵܣȥҲûʲôʱҹҲˡ
˵̶ˣҲûپܾˣˣǱлˡ
ʵҪϣҪΪٻҪ£᲻лᣬҲȥҲá
죬˳ڹȻسŵˣġ
ƿЩȣôˣ
˳ڿϣҲʲô£ˣòźô֡ˣ֮ǰҵĵҩĸˣЧܺãʱܸоɫһһˡ
˵Σ˳ڵԵ
棺ǾͺãҪĻþˡ
һ·Ӹй˳ڣһ·ûʲôۣײһ𣬶˸·ģϾ˳ں͹˳ͬǻʺ֮ӣҵҲǼΪӴġʵ㼸λӻλᵱŵѡ
Ӹ֮ڹ˳ڵĺҲ񣬱Ͼǰҽݿ÷ˮĴҪ˼һʵֹصѲġ
һ棬ܿӷ˾͹ˣҪ˳ڴкġ
磬û뵽ҲˡӸŹ˳˵ŻҲû𣬺Ҳͬ˼䡣
֮ǰҲǼģʱͬǱ˳ڸ˵ģҲʶ
Ŀ˱Ƚ϶࣬ΪˣҪԴкģҲûк˵̫࣬ǸҪ뿪ȥӴ½ˡ˳ߺܿΧˣ˵һڵĴ뿪ˡ
Ϊӣĸ׻λӸǽĺܲġ
ҲΪĴ
һǵŲٻǣһҲ˳һ¾ɫһ˳ǺͲٻҲ̵ˣڵµĻУ֮ģпͺŮͶҪֿģСŮһ¾Ը⣬Ҳú͹˳ֿͲٻͬһط
ҲǿߵģŮֻǲ̫ңֹʲô⣬ʵҲ̫أֻҪ̫С
һߣٻܿҲ͸ˡ
֮עһֱϣһֱй۲ţûǷ֡
һ·ţܿ͵һͤ棬˫ԲٻҲܲˣ֮£ٻóԼıӣҲģֻź˾ǰǰ档
ٻŭ󵨣ҿǴӸǻ׷㾹ȻҶҶ֣
ԴûʲôԼ˵ģѾǴӸҳģѾ߼ٻڵģ¾ֹЩή
״æ£ʲô£Ȼһɳе
ˣٻڻʵǰܳ裬ǶҫģҪ˲ٻ˵ˣǴӿ¶ס
οֲĸѾ߶ҲûôΡ
ɵǵū͵ģ˫ҵҲſֱӶԼֻ֣ǿֵţòٻϣԼȴǰ˲¡
ٻȴ˿ûнŭԽǡ
ԼźѾҲϽ²䣬Ҳֱ㶳ȥסǵŲٻѾߡ
ԽĻ
ֻͨһ˵ˮ

85
ͤ﷢˾,Ѿ߶ŲѣԭתһȦʵڿʲô֮ĶܹԼץţ,
ˮ֮,֮ǰŲٻĻѾѾſ,ʱæȥˣһѾ˼ַ˻
Ͼٻֻ⣬ֻһ,֪׻ᷢʲôء
ˮţǿҵľ,Ȼ֪ٻӦòᵨӴֱӴͥɱ,ϢĸоֻŲѣȡ
ٻͤ˫ֻǰ̬ʵĿˮ,Ҳ֪ᷢʲô
Զϣ䵭Ŀߣָ΢΢һ΢΢ζˮݿٵ䳤Ӱȥϴһ,ıۿɼĸˣ֪ʲô
ʲô,ԭԽСֱӳˮȥˡ
ˮûʲô,ٻѾҲЩˣ,ǲǸð˾ˣٹһܾҪˡ
ٻһ,ת׼ˣѾȥ𣿡
Ѿæ
һѾѾȥˣʣµ⣬ȴȫˣҲǲʲôˡĿҲѾﵽˣˮһǸһѵһ棬ǱС֮˾𣬶һС˵϶ʲô¡
ָ˽ѵֶΣٻõ¯ġ
ǱȷѾˮ׻Թȥ֮Ҳ뿪ˣЩ˵ĻûλѾˮĵطһȥˡ
ҲһЩʱ䡣
ϵıѾˡ
ٶȲȲٻȻصϣҲѾ˲Сɧ֮ǰҹ˳ǸѾϻŻţֱӲٻˮе˵˳һﶼ׼һǱȥ
˳ڿӰֱӾ߹ȥҪһ֣֪Ƿʲô𣿡
˳ڲûлйأڽ͵˵ѹ˳ҸƵˮ棬ڹȥ
ŶһҲ͸ˡ
һ˵ʱ򣬹˳ѾǱˣˮķλȥѰңӸĳˮֲִ˶ˮģŮӺСԱˮľ͸ˡ
ҵ٣ִ󣬸ǼѶȡ
˳һҧɴҲ˽ȥ
ȻˮһҲġ
ѰҷΧ֮󣬺ܿнˣҵˣ
һӴ
ҲæǱȥ
̧ϰ֮󣬹˳ַı棬һȻȻѾû˺
Ҳֹͣ
Ҳ˲ڴ֮ͥˣ˳ֱӽַؿڣȥûΣ۾̧ͷΧѾСˣŸʲôȥҴ
ŶŶáѾС˸æж
ʱ򣬹˳ҲվȺƽһ̣Ժ˺ܶ࣬յĶԹǰʱ˵Ĵɱգѡ𣺡֪кܶìܣǿǰϣ𣿲ô˵Ҳĵܵܣһˡ
ںĸ飬ʵҲ㲻ر
еģǲǱбĿĽӽǲƷĺãȷʵһֱڶã˳С󣬺ȱΪõˡ
ǰеĲöڲˣеĸ鱻ǿһʵҪġ
ʹɽХϮ
ץסĸ첲֪ҽֻҪĻһ԰ȻĶԲԣ
ҪʲôҶԸ㣬Ⱦ
˳Ǵӣܲܳ裬ֻҪڳû죬ҽΪһͨգڻȨǰҲֱӾܾġ
˶ţͻȻ΢΢Ц֣һˣ
֮ǰüɱǵʱ򣬿ûһ˵ģº͵Ŀڵ˵ʲôȻ԰æģֻѾֹͣˣɶˡ
˵Żߵ϶£Ҳ뿴ˡ
Ķ˳ȴ˿ûи˵ĸоΪЦţȴ˿ûЦ⡣
Էѹû׼
ȷȷʵ͸ˣתͷ˳ڰ
ûӸϵĸҽҲˣȷʵǾȲˡ
鵽زҲǰ첻ȥˣȺ𽥵ɢȥ
룬ǰƿҩ˹˳ڣҿɫ̫ãԿ̫ĺҲġҩԸǷ£һЩá
֮ǰʱСӤ¶棬Ҳ˳ƿۡ
Ȼ̫á
ΪӣѾ̥ˣÿλûãܺþ͹ˣҲǸǿǵˣҪǿһӦﶼҪץջǿгķӻϽˡ
˿ȥɫƣеƮˡ
֮µǷˣҲ˼Һӵ磬ҲЩǷԭպӱֲڼȻˣҲպáҲʡôˣСӤû¾ûˡ
ܾҲͲ̫ˡ
ڹ˳ûвҩܾ˼Һò׵ĵӣЩĵҽǺܺˡ
СӤܾȡ
Ҫ֪ڻңӤĿɲ١
ԼĺԺҲЩˡ
ͻȻ²ʵոǲңѾˣû𣿡ǲ̫õģ˳겢ûջص˼
ˣ֮󣬲ȥܺϲʣЩִ
Ҳܲһ⣬ȥ̲סá
õǣλƢõĻӶԼ˵̶ȻͦߵģֻҪûз֮ģЩ£ҲõԼʲôΣա
ʱȻ˹˳ڵģ⻰ѹûа㺦£治ɫ˵˵ЦˣѾͣˣǴԼȷϵģʲô취
˳Ʋ죬˵Ȥ
صУ˵˽췢£ȻЩţո˵ˣ
šƵˮȵЩ̫ˣѾû˺ˡ
ûдԼĸ
üȻû뵽ԼеˣôͻȻûˣ뵽֮ǰӣ־ûʲôˣҲû֪ҪЩʲôˡ
ֱڣסû
ųҲܵȥ
ǿϧô˳ûһء
ɱ£Ȼأⷽ棬ǹ˳ڼƻŰɡ
ĸп̲סЦЦôҲû
֮󲢲ûвģȻߣûʲôǻӵĲң˻ʼģôڹ컯֮±˺û˵ǲеġҹ˳ҲҪһ˵
Щӣֵķзġ
ٻҲûŵ̬Ҳܻţû뵽ľˣκҲûӵľôĿŵɱ
ֻһѵѡ
ҵŮӺС֪ٻ̯֮󣬾ͶǷ׷ֳƿˣһЩٻѹˣЦᶼҪˣǱӦ
գٻûΪģֻͽһ˷ţʧ˷ס
Ҳʧ˻ʵ۵ĳ谮
ϾʵΪ±˳Լ󳼷ĲУԲٻĳ谮Ҳûôߡ
պ󣬻ʵ۴٣ڹУ˳ƺûվȣˤԴײڻ̳ϣ

86
ҹɫ,ϵ˯졣
ڣջ˽ϵ·£Ϣ˴,⶯ϵ˾,Ժĸоߵ,ʵȥˣô϶ˣ
ܸо뿪ƺкһЩʱˡ
Ҳȷ
һ£ȥһé,˯ɡ
š˯ʵӦţĻܿٴ˯˹ȥ
ڶ,֮Ϣʹķз,¥ȶۡ
µǲ֪µģˮ֮¶֪˳˵,Ͼרǻ㱨һϢ
ţ֪ˡ緹ȥɡ
һŰӣ۾΢ĿһۣûʲôȻû֤,ܾã͹˳Ѳϵ,뿪ôãйأ
ɹ黳,ҲûзҪ̽뷨
ȻΪ,ֻҪʵĻԻࡣ
ɼȻʼûѡ,ôҲûҪ׷ס
һвת˲ŵ뷨ûвϾѾЦĵ⻹Ǻ³˫˶ûˡ
ˣǺֱԡ
³˫ֵط
æű˿ûʶԼĻ֮µģôʲôǺסˡ
Сֹסû£Էɡ
˳Ѿˣ˵ȷʵһ£ѾûôҪˡɿ֮ѾҵĴֿʼ׼ˣ֮ǰѾڼƻˡ
ûв̫࣬ǴӾ鵱УǴ֮ǰЩġ
ҲòЩ
곯͢׼ĻԿʼʱѾˣڽ³ôã־Щ飬ʽʼҲû೤ʱˡ
ҪİѾ档
ֻʱ˱İΣ
Ŵ£һֻʥ飬ԵʱҲڵˡ
һͱȥ˹ԺǱѾ˲ٵˣЩѾϤˣ˵ȻȥòҲûʲôáȵϢϣԱŽȥ֮ǰתͷ˿Զ˻֡
¶һЦݣҲ֡
໥ЦţŽȥ
Ͱ͵ĵ˻ߣҲûȫˣ˵š
Ҫÿ죬ӳ˵֮ӦǴڿڵģ⣬֪жٿƿ˿һ룬Ϊ岻ʵԭֱ̧˳Ȼ˵ֿԲ󣬵סҲʲô¡
ڿ棬Ǵ˼ҵô
˿Ⱥ׷УߵˣæСܹһץסĸ첲ϲĴЦݣеʵôûﲻ
ĽŲûͣ£ǰߣν˵Ǻ֮ǰһûʲôģֻڻûгԷЩˡ
ԣڵʱǻᱻųģȻڽһظʼԺ̡
Ҳ൱һϵϴʱ䣬ԻؼȥϢ
ôϳ΢΢һЩƣ̬忴ȥǹġ
Ҳô֮󣬿ҲûôˣǾϾ¥ȥԷɣٻؼҺϴϢһ¡
áҲôġ
ȥľ¥¿ġ
˵û˾¥˵ͦģһȥСкˣλ桭
˵һ룬ϳԱߵæı˳ƺˣ¥ż仹пյģ롣
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Щȣʲô𣿡
ڹ˳ڵĶŵһӣȥ羰ܲ
ûʲô˳ڿڵϴҸǵҩѾùˣЧܺãǰģͻˣл֮Ӧû񡣡
˳֮ǰǹʱ˲˵ģ£պþͲˣһ̵Ĳ½½
⻰΢΢ҡͷҽߣֵ¶Ҳʲôصϲ
˳ڵǶԣǺҪˣôˣòһӣҪˣѹɲСԼҲǡӵĺԺ٣ȫŮ
ûһӡ
Ѫⶼեˡ
м¡˳΢΢üҽҲˡ
Ҫ֪ʵ۶൱ӵģǰЩ껹˵ʿרȥԵҩҲԽԽþЩʿЩƭӣû˵ġ
ɵҲˡ
һ٣Ƕӵˣʵ۶꣬غĻλǣлӵĵġ̫ȷǲûʵ
˾Ųʮ
ʵ۵Ҳ֪ģǱְ֣ԵҩҲЩˣ֮ǰд˵ʵӦû˼꣬Щ̫ҽıŻָ˲١ҪεĻãӦûʵ۶ʮġ
վ飬ʵҲǼŻڵĻܻ
ڱԽǱߵʱûٸ˿壬ǵ˾ǣǸҩ֮˳Ҳ˵ĸԺ˺ܶ࣬ŶҪ᲻١ǰʱǸӤҩЧƸԡ
ϾۿɼĿա
Ҳܲµóڵ
ЩڣʵҪǲĻʵܲҪǵĺãʵȻӳ£ϻλ˵᲻жЩֽš
֮󣬶ӻ᲻ֶ˼ɵأ
ȻԾͶߵĽȫҲǶһɵģҪͽЩ棬ǲԸġ
򵥵ġšһԷ
ش󣬳Է
ôҲǼ֮ˣڻڡ
˳Ŀǰǲû߱뷨ϾɱһֵԱ߻ءǻͦõ˸ʵˣҲķչá
극˫ҲͷֿˣҪŻȥ˯һأ˵ûʲô⣬һС죬죬϶ҲЩܲ˵ġ
ؼ֮󣬼ѾˮϴãȥһĶӣͷĲˣֱӻڴ˯ˡ
ţ˳Ǳһ˯ġ
ϾĿԣٳԹϴҲڸ˯ʱˡ
бϤˣŶԷϵζȷʵǺ̹ģܿͽ硣
֮ԷŰˡ

87
Խɱһ,Ȼǰÿضǵһһ,ڵߡ
Ҳһܺõˡ
ҲĶ,Թ,ҪȥԿŻȷʱȥٻΣҲ˽ˡ
һֱĿҪȻʼ,ҪչصľãҪΪ,ðԽԽ,һͷǳгɾ͸е顣
ǹڹٳϵĸȱλҲÿһ˵ѧӶܹȥٵġ
ͨһ»һЩ,Ǿֻĵˡ
ߣӦǶ߱ģֻҪǿеǰֱӰչ뺲Ժ,ô֮΢һ£ӦҲܹʵҪġ
Ψһ,֮ǰ˳ᵽģʵѾע⵽ҽ,ܿܲ뿪
üͷ,ٵĽʵ۵ãԷӦҲִڴ˰,ںЩˣҲû˵ʵרһӦòΪЩеٷǵð¡ɣ
˼һ֮Ҳ룬ûмʵۣҲҲ޼£ֻܸԼһЩհˡû׼һжõķչ
Իм죬ɴȥݷһԼǰķӡ
ǵģķӽͬһ졣
ֻΪǳʱ䲻һټǶʱһֱܱ׷ɱţҲû飬ڽʱſ˶ԷˣӦʱȥһˡ
ϾҲķӣֹϵȻһǸȥġ
ӶĵǺܸ˵ģ˾ɣһ緹Ż
󣬵ˡ
˶ǳɣ·ϣģûһ˵ֻҪǲμӾΣоҲûʲôѹˡ
Щʱڼңûô飬ȫ̱
˵һ·ͦǰ˵ʱܴνأǶ֣ü¥ҲϣҪĻǼҿֱ¥ϿԴ֮ǰԹ֮󣬺Щ˸˵ϲҲǰףԸʱνֵȵȡ
Ҳ˵ǰλģʱ򶼻Ŵ컨Ÿͷν֣һ·Ͼ˶ΧſһЩʻɰ֮ġ
žͺ˼
ҵԵĻֻǿۣⷽ汾ͺóҲһ㿼ĶзһЩ£ЩƽҲ̸۹ҲԲߡϾҲ𣬼ȻܿܿרռۣǰˣһʱҲгˡ
ɻûʾ֭÷Ѿ˵ͷͷǵˡ
ţǾù۵оݣʵá
˵У㹻õģֻʲôǸõõġ
ŲһͣתĿͷԣôˣ
Сòĺϣܹǰ棬Ȼνʲôİɣ
׻˵ûȻҲͲʧԼˮƽԼ㲻ϲҲһһƾٵһˡ
Ҳˮƽ
˵ЩûôϰˣˣȫԸˣ𶼲˵Լ϶ܹõǰ
Ҫ֪ߵѧӱǱԽǱߵģҪĶࡣ
ǰӲĨǵܿãһֱ᲻ῼϣһֱ˵ֻҪǿÿܻʧȴͻȻʼչǰˣɲˡ
˼룬ò˭ǰ˵ʲôɣϾΪһֱڻҽɫҲǺġһ˷˴󻰣ֿ
оͷƤ顣
һҪ군ı飬۵һЦ˳Ҿ˵ǰν֣ⲻǾҲϾôأѶΣ㶼ǰ漸ǻ˵˵ˡ
ģЩɣû˭ţڴ֮İɣʱûϸ㶪棬˳ܶ𾢡
ôҶ̷䣬һֱġ
˵Ҳûյȥ˴ĵġ
⵹Ҳǡ
Ļȷʵûⱻ˼ˡ
ľˣһҪǰ˵һŬһѣⶼҪˣͻȻһ£ˡ
ǰߣЦ⣬ɤ𣺡ûУԼ㿼ˣҲ̫⣬һ˼ҿپˮƽ½̫࣬Ϊ֮ǰͲˡ
˵˵ЦЦģߵ˳ſڸҪԵĶ˾ۼĵطԶԶģͣˣǱ˶࣬ҾͲȥˣԼȥɣҿҲǱˡ
áӦţҲȥɣߵˣȿԼȥġ
šҲû߶ʳǵĵطΧûжɢİգţȷʵҲߵȣ¥Ǳ߻£ҵ¾͹ȥԡ
Ҳû˵̫࣬˾ͷֿˣȺȥҲ뿪ˡ
һ߽ķӾ͹ˣˣոҷǱߣҲ㡣
˵ҲЩۡ
ѧĺãҽҲã˼ҵķӣѧͬһ죬Ļû˼ҵߡ
飬Ҳģֻĵòһ£ҲûʲôˡԼûʲôָˣڻԵʱģǵ˵ԣҲı䲻˶١
֮󻹶ǰ;δأҪŹҲһֵõ
ôһ룬ֿʼεٿúһЩԽбԽãԺܹǾ͸ˡһסջЩ˵ۣǺͶйϵأȻǺã˷Ñ˸бµѧ
ֱ̡
ʹãл¹ǰˣæվԼλȥ
ڵУűĴȻû̫£׻ʵţҲ̫ɢǾ鷳ˡҲڴܿһģѧʶҪǷܵĻŪЩ˼ˡ
ԾԼĲŻûߵ׾ĵز
дһ͸еһվԼߣ۾һƳͿһƶӵЬ棬°ҲƵġ
ǻʵۣ
֮ǰǰȥǵĻ¹پǰ̹һЩע粻̧ͷȥλĻʵ۵ȵȣֻ͵һۣʵȷʵԼӹɫţ۴飬Ƥɿ壬һ֪ʲô¡
˵ǴʱȻйԱе߶⾪ſʵ۲ֱͬӿʵ𣿡
𣺡
ɧ˹һԱֹ󣬲ͷȥٿ
±ʣ񣺡ѧȷʵ𡣡
˵˶Ӻĵҩ֮󣬻ʺ㶼תˣɻʲôõĺ֢
ԵҩСԿˣʵڶⷽرں
ֻý͵κκ֢ѧڼҲҽݸβֵҩҲǸùġ
šʵ΢΢ףЩȻʹģֻȷ
ʵԹʣҪǳ⣬ǿɾ۾֮ˣĴ𰸣ʵ൱ģҲ뷨
󣬻ʵҲˣֱ뿪˴ü

88
,ͻؼˡ
ڶľգԱڸȻĸȵȫԾ,ղųʵǰȥ
ʵۿǰʮԾ,·˷,һϤֱ֣ӰԾŵ棬ģҲÿˡ
˷Ű,µ˻ʹ棬ϴ̵ǹصǸ¹,˶ŶŴʹʽʼʹ伴ǹǵ
δӸ,һȻ״Ԫˡ
ڲԼӦǵڼʱ򣬵һԼ֣˼ֱĿɿڴ,ȫû뵽Ȼ״Ԫ˵״Ԫˣ֮ǰĿԣҲֻùһεһôܣ
൱ȷţԼʲôŹ,Ҳû̫ĺ̨Ǻ͹˳ڽ,˼Ҳ첻ƾ
ôڻĶء
һ˵͸Ǹְ,þǼ¼ʵ۵,Թʷءⲻ׵Żʵ
ǸƵĻʵֱӸһɣ
Ժ룬Ӧþǻʵ,Եʱרҽǰʱڸǰʱտɣһ뵽ʵ۵yҪˣ˭ڱϺŰ
ʵУ̫ĳҲѾˣǰ֮⣬ĶûְҲĹԭȥԺģȥ˻ʵߣûб䡣
ʱǣƥмС̫Ŵ컨ǵϣλ
Ҫȥν˰
Ϊ״Ԫм俿ǰһЩţԽ棬ҲԽˣܱ߶ֵģ˶·߿֣ȫЦݡ⻶Цĳ棬ҲʱͷҪڻʵߵ
Ҫ֪ԭԼʮǰʱͨͨϵͿﵽĳطȥģǶڡ
ǻˡ
𳤵Ŀ㣬˹˹ĵģʱǰ棬˵Ŀⶼϡʻ־ǵصңüһˮרҰҡһεĽܿ
ϵֵҲЩǱĶš
Խǰ棬·ԽϤˣ۾ž¥ϷѰʲôûãϷһϾ־ϲӦЦֵˣҲЦȵ˾¥ʱſ׷־ʻ֮Ķ
룬Լϵŵĺɰֱ˹ȥ
һֱעµУ׼ȷץµĺɰ
һĨЦ
ʱյ˲ٵļУһ̣û໥֮и齻µĸֶͰҵĲά˧
ӳ֮˶һ
֮ҲǲͣЪģҪμӡ
ҶܻأȥǱߣϣܶ󳼶ˣ˳Ҳ⣺ϲˡ
ϴһĨЦʲôùϲģҲ֪һֱ뵽ʱ򱻷ŵȥһʥߣûôˡ
Ϊ͹˳ڻˣ˵Ҳûôܻ䡣
ҹ˳ڵҲϲϵģֱֱȥãǹԲ֣ķ
˳ڵǻȥ̫ҽԺһ㣿
̫ҽԺɻʲôְ߰λ
̫ҽԺУϾԼѧҽģܻˣҪ֪̫ҽԺ֮ڣ඼ҸˮƽĴˡ
Ϊһƿһˣһ״Ԫѧôණһȥʵ£̫ҽԺͣе⡣
˳ڵͷҽôãʼȥ̫ҽԺֵģҵʱˣֹһָı⡣
һѾȻҪȥ̫ҽԺˣΪʲôҪΪ״Ԫ
˳ڵһȽ
𣺡
аɡ
ϵˡ
˳ڽ͵Ȼȥ̫ҽԺҲ̸ڣҽôãʱȥĻҲ徲ˣϾ̫ҽԺЩġҪв۵ѹ㣬Щʲô飬Ǿ鷳ˡ
һ²һ¡
ǵɵĻ߼¼Уʡ¡
ȻҪڵߣʵҲû̫ĴڸУʵĹ۲죬ʶ𲢲ᣬֻҪⶥȥõʲôΣ
ΪŵʿľֹֻҪҽ¶ֹ֮ǰʶôġ
һ⵹Ҳǣǰûٿ磬ҽһ飬˼Ҫǰȥ⣬ƻһЩ˵ı˵˭֪鲻⣬Ҳ̫ʣûеϣǳ󹬵һͲþ
˵Żһأϵв˸
һһӦš
ȵæȥʱѾЩƣߣһ֣æܵ˳ƾͱסĸ첲˳˵֮ǰ˵Լ϶ǰ漸û뵽һӾͿ״Ԫ
ЦЦҲһԼʵĳɼҲ֪ҵҽôãʵ۶ˣʮа˾֮Ҫȥġ
ߣһ˵ӦñҲû̫ͣϾֻǰʮžӿ͵ʵ۵ǰȥҲһԵʱ򿼵Ҫ΢һ㡣
״Ԫ̽ΣҪʵģٰѾӽʵ۵ʱ򣬴¶õķ棬ҲԼʵһλá
Ҳܺˡû棬ǵһǰʮǺܺõΡ
Ͼ޵һٶԣҲ˵һȺ˭һãܹ鶼
ôԱҪҪٳһ㣬óѲ˱ŵġ
ǾͶɣҲأûгԶ٣ƵĶ࣬һӡǻʵյ״Ԫֱڻʵߣе˵ӡ
ټ⾩ûʲôܣҽ֮úܶ඼š
ǸͬһѧӣһЩԱкĲ١
ϽԸСѾóѶ˹ȥѾԺù
ŷֳϿţȻŽ£ʱʱĻشţͬʱҲԼĹְѾ
ɣеɻ
šŻʵۼ¼еġ
üŻʵۿɲ̫ദ᲻᲻̫ãܻһ𣿡
Цţû£̫ģʵӦþǳҵҽȥģûʲô⣬Ҳ֪Ҷġ
죬ǲ̫ģȻѾˣҲֻ˵Լȥˡ

89
֮ǰ,ȥ͢ز˹ٷ
˵Ĺٷ֮һζ
빬,ֵĵط,ȥͨһ,һ̫˳˾ǻʵߴ̫ɣֻЦӭˣ,ء
ĺ˸к
̬ȲưҲ⹧άֻǴͬĽ,Եֻһͨ,ŻأۺЦ⣬ĪͶ˶˼ֺøС
˵,ʵڿϣһæ֣Űҽˣó޿
ǣϡϵһˡ
ǰȥʵ۰
ʵ۵¶µõ,Ծɫ֮ǰֳԵҩ,Ȧµȫڲס˵ϵûʲô,ܿܵ,֮ᾡ콫õҩ͹
Ҳֱ˵ʵǷȵȰɡ
ʵȻɫҲں,ɴֱӼ˵
ص˵ˡ
Ȼһ˵꣬ʵ̾ʹЦȻΪˣúúã֮ͽˣҪʲôҩֱȥ̫ҽԺñǣպҪʲôҲȥáϾҽԽãʵԽࡣ
Щҩģʵ۲⡣
⻰˵Ҳͷһнָɺܶණ϶ǻʹеģȥҲ
ʵۿ۸л˵˻űλϣʽʼԼĹ
һоͦɵģдֵĵطְλҲֹһˣ°࣬ʵ۱ô˵ڵ̫ŮҲ̬Ѻãиˮ
һ֮Ϳĵ°ˡ
ʱ컹Ǵء
Ҳûֱӻȥȥһ̫ҽԺʵ˵̫ҽԺҩȡã֮ǰ˹к֮浱ֵ̫ҽҲû⣬ˣҪȡʲôҩ𣿡
šȴȥɡ
̫ҽһ·ҩĵĿⷿߣһߣ´䣬Ͷûˣûãע⵽Ǵ͵͵Ĵʵ̫ҽʲô𣿡
ӻ׵ͷεЦЦ¹˽ʺļãһʱ֮䣬Щ档
Ѱ˿ֻ£Ͱգ̫ҽԺڣһ
Ҫ֪̫ҽԺЩǷڻҵģǻʺòĵӣǶ֮أ̫ҽԺԺȥġ
Щ˵Ҷ֪֮ꡣ
ڷֶʱڵı仯֮󣬲ŸӾ档
ڻʺԽ֮ҲЩ̫ҽȥģһȺ˿֮Ҳûʲô֢ȷȷʵʵǺˡ
Խľ档
˿ᣬҽʵڵǷ춥С
̫ҽҲǺҽ֮ˣҲԾͲδ;ף˵ʹڵȼɭϣҽٸߣƷҲҽʵ۷𻹿ʱһ̫ҽʵڸ߰
ȻĵͷõЩҩģżȻõģϡ٣Ҳ࣬ĳͨҩģЧҪϺܶ࣬ҪѺܶ꣬Ҫľʵڲö˵ʲôҪۣҵûʲôԸģֻлཻҽܸ׽
õЩҩĶģԼЧô죬ȻǲܰЩ˵ġ
Ҫ⣬ûʲô
ҲûҴš
̫ҽ⻰ϲҲûֱָӰҩĵҩ䷽˵ϾЩ̫ҽģ˭ûĴУ˻ԼľѧȫϺǽ֣̽Ҳӵģ̾ϲ
Ҳ˲ô˿̵ʱˣϽͰԼϵһЩ˳
ҲĻشûãߵ˿ⷿʱ̫ҽδͣ졣
Цʱ䲻ˣպпյĻ̫ҽʱұǡ
ԣ̫ҽҲ´ξͺãΣоͦˣ˵Ķڵϣûз뵽ˣЩ˼ЦЦ´ۣǰҲһЩ֢ҲûÿԽһ¡
ϾҲǺҪġ
ЩҽκõĺһʲƸ
˼ô˵ȻҲ飬л̫ҽ
ȥ˿ⷿЩҩģǿڷŵģʶһӴֹصҩĿ⣬˼ݣˡ
лʵ۵кǰʲôû˷ԡ
ȻҲûˡ
˹ţȥ·ϣ˳ˣҲ֪ɺϻǿΪ֮
¡
𡣡˳߹ţյΣû㷢ɣ
л¹ġ˵һжãϳʹҽ֮⣬ûж˵ʲô
š˳ĵҲ
ʸȤģҲЩˡ
֪ҽҩϾԼûù̲סʵܰѸʵκã
⻹ͦ򵥵ġӦȫκá
˳ڵͷһʱҲ֪˵ʲô
û߱Ҳ֪ˣܳĻ˵ôҲ࣬Ϊʾһӹˣ˼·ҪǲĻҲǲϻλ
˭֪ʻܻꡣ
Ҫʮʮ꣬һ֣˳о
̾˿˳ڵû˵ʲôתͷġ
˼죬Ͱѵõҩʵȥˡ
ڻʵ۷֮ǰ߾̫ҩˣȷû֮󣬲Żʵ£Ҳ֪ǲǴʵȷʵ÷ú󲻾ãоҪһˡ
ʱôһȥ
һ֮ǵоȷʵĴԽԽˣͭУۿɼģϵƶҪһЩˣͷð˺ڷһ̰ڶҲûǰôþˡ
ʵմã䣬ʲôҪģ޶㡣
Żʵ۵ĺȦлֻǻϣⵤҩֻûһ̶ϻָᣬĽģʲôɵҩûԺͲȵȣǿ壬ٰûǶ壬һЩҲҪעһ£ٰҹ
˵Щ̫ҽʵ˵˵ġ
ʵ¹ҲûٰԼ翵Ķ棬Զ˵ģҲġ
ҲûԼľܺһģһˡ
ʲô޽ȵȣ޻̸֮
ֻҪ֣ȥӣ¿Զʮ꣬ڻʵ˵ҲǲԸġ
ڰ֣Щ޶֪ˣ䲻˵
ˣҲͲԡ
ѵξˣͻʵ۵һµദҲ㿴ˣʵ۲ɵĳЩǳϵѡȻҲʵʱǨŭˣģʱҲԼעġ
û˵Ҫʲôʵ룬ûְλȥϾʼֻߣʱ壬ӲˣҲͲٰˡǸ״ԪˣŻڣֻίˣ֮ȥĸţ
ʵϲʱã
Իʵ۵ԣȻǸʲôΪ档
뵽Ȼǻ
һǮһƹԱĿ˵ȣǼȨĲš
ûȻʵ˵ڣѾԼȥɻϺ񰮣ѧҽԸֲΪϲּڲͬĻƷϸ΢£ʳƷ󣬶Դ˳ܸȤҪϸоһ°նӣҲ¡
ԸϽؽĽѡ
⡭ʵһʱҲЩסˣ꣬ȴִЦУ۵Ĳˡ
ȨȲ⼸š
ܶƲ
ȴҪȥ
ãø°նӣ־ԸȻӦ֧֡
ˣּ
ߵл˻ʵ֮Ҳ˿ȻǷǵ÷ЩõĲŲȥƫҪȥƫŵġΪĥˣֻţ˵Ҳġ
ĻӲ٣Ҳ˸ˡ
ǼȲţлˣĹҲĲˣָֺõиСˡźͶӹϵóȻһŲǺ£κ˻ʵۣûʵۿأӿɲȥ
ȻڵȻȥȥ֮˳ڿ϶ҲỤ
˵ˣΪ֮ҪԼסС
Դӵ֮ˣ꣬Ǳ뿪ǣȥˣ֮䶷أԼվȽŸС⴦ĻУһԱҲһɶ־
ô壬ԭҲΪ׵ġ
ǴԽߣҲ̫˰ɡ
ҪǱɡ
⹤徲֮⣬ѡһҪԭΪľˮ̺ũҵȣɹƿصġһľܵˣȥǲרҵԿˡ
ʳ棬˵ӽˮ۷壬Щ߲϶ҪŪаɡ
ϣˮҲѴˮ޺ãҲʡúֵȻգöټͥɢ·ҲޣҪ븻·
ûȥεģʵ۸һ٣ȲĻȥϢ
ɣɤ̲סˡ
԰ϵЦ̶̲סϸҡ
ɡǡЩزָͷţ֮ǰɣҲŴƷɣǿɾƷĹԱһֱ˺ü
˲ᷴ԰ɣ
ҲûʲôãʵǲġҪҲиˡ
һɲǹǸ¼ģڻʵۣҲй۲죬ûʵ۶ЩøС
ҲҩĸʵһãȻҲʱʱ˵ϼ仰⣬Ļˡ
˵Ҳȷʵʵ۵ǿǴġ
ƹˤ˼ѹͲںЩдĹڻʵ۵Уչ涨ʵǲģЩպ󶼻ᱻдʷʵѹҲû뿴۱ôдô˵ν
ԼĿС
˹£˲䴫ˣһЩнʵˣƩӸǱߣ˺񣬶˳ڸֱҹˡ
ôҪȥͤŲ裬˳ֱӾʵҲͦõģڣҲû˸¡
ҡҡͷҲûԷ֪Լ˼ѾеˣҲòŷҪȥǹͦȤġ
˳ϼǻоҩģǷˮƺҲȷʵⷽиɾ
ԷҲϹɣû׼Щʲô
̽ԵʵѾЩ㣿
΢ͷźмʳĶܴǧҵͲС
˳͵վǧ
š⻰˵Ҳϱأû˵ȫǵƺĶǧϾǹŴִЩƷֶǸģҲû˽⣬еûʲô
Ծû˵̫ȷ
ԼũﵹЩҲƷּõģҪóҲҺýڣ˲⡣õģֱ˳ãڵץСӵ˿ɲ١
ĻܵõҲ͸ˡ
ɲЩˣóǱ
뵽ˣĿ˹˳ϣҲȫ£ǱߣҲȫָӵġϷմ󣬹˳ڱǿλͷҸҲ
¿ͷѣȴ֮ͨԺٷֿҲˡ
˵Ҫָ룿ڵĴ֪ܲܳܺϵķˣҲþ忼һ¡
һͷһ漴ľһѵˡ
͹˳һ磬ҪˣԷȥ
ѷںˣ£ôӾˣ
æŻȥЩءҪ˵˳ɲûȥ׼
Ҫúĥһ£ɲǼ׵£ҪôʩҪõġ
ûʲôӣѾ̸һˣԷˣͲҪЩˣҲһЩᶶڿأ㶼һ¡
ţŻعűȴ۾ԼĶӣ¶ЦݣһѰСᶶ븸𣿡
СһЦţҲŸס
˵Ĳˡ
ǵĶӣҲ֣ͽᶡ
Ҫ˵֣һһ룬պþ϶ˡ
ʱЦͦ˼ġ
ܷСžġ
ڶ죬Ҫȥˣ죬ĹٷѾ͵˸ϡ֮ǰɵʱҪԼȥ죬ڵǲˡ

90
˹֮,ûκҲ֮飬˾飬һЩ,ͷӻ׵ͷ,ͬһλ,ҲǶͿġ
һҽ£ȦӾ˲֪˲ģ˭Ҳ֪ͻ˼ͷȥ,ԭģ׽
һ,ǹ,ǱȽƫʵɵģţⲿž͵λڡ,Ͼڽʿụ̃۶ҲЩ
ְܺȵģҲһһɣÿһŶһɣ˶û˵,ȻҲҶ˵ʲô
ûɲԷЩ,ҪԺıˡ
һţ,һ¹Ĵ֮,ͻص칫ķ׼ϸµĹ滮һ֮Ҫôʵ۴͹ٵҲֻһ,ȻҲԺҪЩʲôûļƻ
ΪĶ֣İ칫һ˵ģϣһһ߽дļļ¼ʡ
ûֱдֽϡ
ֽܴǷᱻٵòдͲдԷһͶģϴҶ֪ǶӵˣЩ£ڻʵǰҲҪԼһЩܹĿŵ
һڻʵߣ֪ЩŰİ˵ӹʵۿûô򵥡
Щ˵УǶġ
١
֪ûʵߵжء
ȳĿǰ뵽ľָͺܽϾǰСЩ涼ͦȤģܶкˡȰѶȥù˳רҵ˿ΣʣҪעģʱ֪ı࣬Ҳòˡ
ҩҲҪ룬ֹںȵȡ
ȻǺסЩũУҿǱкˣʱԽڴЩ򵽵ģҲ²顣
˼ǺģȥͲˣҲҲ
ؼЩũҲ֣Ҫٲ̫ࡣ
ҲƺΪƣʱʱҪעһЩԼֵ֪дȥԵʱùũ˼о
ȻˮˣɾͱȺЩӵĶˣҪŪֱջļȥ֣ҲûӽˣֱӴũӳ̫СҪùԼҵˮеԲϵϵͻָϵһһʵ͸صĲͬˮӽһֵĲš
һΪڹҪĿˡ
ȻЩҲһУֻķˮϡ
ĻˮЩҲҸʱó
֮Ҳû̾ȥУϾĶũھǣǼҲסǸӣ˶ӵģֱܲƾհѶͷɣھҪѶˣùٷ֣Ҳûӵĵط
ǵׯӰ
пš
ʱׯӣǺȥ棬ǳЩϹ߲˶࣬ϾǿھסϺܾˡ
ÿҲһ
³ĻؼҺ˵ׯ£Ĭһ˲һ˫Ưһ޹Ŀ𣺡Ǽҡûˡ
𣺡
ȷʵô¡
ǴǵӲ٣֮סĴԺӣ˵ȵȣǰЩ컹˾¥׼ļءҲûˡ
εĿһǿǵÿҽˣǮ졣
ڴ˼ﶼͨŵģҪǿˣףҼ۸Ҳߡ
֮Щ죬רŸ׼ԺҩƷлƷӦŵģȱԭũҲһѡȥʲôӿ
ڹʱȻǼϤ顣
һʱˣ׼ҩƷͻƷҲ׼ˡ
οӣûʽˣѾƷĹˣܲȥĶҲûҽǱߵĶ࣬ϾʱҪΪ׬ǮһЩġ
Ҫ飬ҲûţԼȦһ£ΪлʵۡʺԼӵӵĴԣϢһѸٴˡ֮ǰʱ򣬾˹ĨǵҪֻǻҪʵ۵ӣûʱ䣬Űˡ
ڿҵˡ
ǰ׼ĳ֣㣬һҵ¼۸߰ɺǻ𱬣˶Ҫæˡ
ĳ˳뿪ǲׯӵǮˡ
Ȥ˵ھͿȥʲôׯˣ
ŶȻ򣬿ƣƽǵǮ͸òˣ϶ǹ˵ģǺǱ߿ɲһߺܶ㻨¡
Ǻ󹬵Ӿ͵øĻƷһʲƵķá
ϾʺùЧǡ
ߡҲˣھȥûкʵġ
ȥЩȵıš
ǵȻˡⶼ˺óһʱˣׯҪŪãڹҲ͸վȽŸˡ
һЩҲģȻҪ͵òС
оרŪЩģȥ֮󣬵Ϣ˸˵Щطһȥˡׯӣ󣬻һЩصġ
ȥףׯڵľɫҲܺÿҲ٣ҪǣһȪ
һȦ֮Ͷˣɣӣ
ϲʤҲٶ˵ʲôׯӵĺ֮ǰһ·ڿ䣬ֱӱ˼ۣׯһҪǧҲһλ˼뾩ŻׯӸˣȻĻִȪׯӣһ϶ûеġ
Ͼ뾩ǽ۸
Ҳûˣ˵ٸû̫ҲܸһǧȥǾɣûӣȥɸȡˡ
ҲûǮ
ĥţǻƷͶһۣкЩ˼ЧرģǸۡ
ֻҪмʮǧôҲܴˡ
Ӧⲻ
ʵڲҹ˳ڽ㣬ҲֻǲѶΪ֮
ɣд󾪣һˣһߴ࣬ʷǷһ԰Щģòƽ֮ڸռ˵ʱ֪ⶨʲôͨˡ⾩Уٲ˸ִû뵽ǰȻǻʵߵĴˣɡ
һͨϰգǶڲλϢġ
ƷĴٰ
ⳤܲ˼ҹɼҵ
оԼȶҪˣû뵽ȻɴˣС顭
ûʲô˵ĸ첲һѣõģ˵Сһ·ϽܵĶϸ̬ôãͦõġ
ȷʵǽܵĺã۸ҲûҸ߼ۡ
ȷʵûʲôġ
һһȥׯӾ뾩ǿһβСľġ
Լ˵ڶ磬͸Էֿˡ
¿ӵ֮ǰ͹ŵģ׼ĻˣԹصĻҪЩǵϣ֪˶ˣ𾪣ʮ࣡ȫǵǮ˶𣿡
ΪǸǧѾˣû뵽һӾʮ
һԼ¥г룬ʱ䣬ͲԾˡ
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ûʲôЩпһٰˡ
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Ȼϵʱҽݾͺ׬ǮҲûôףߵĶۣҲϿûôߵļۣǻҲ˵˸߼õĵط
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֮ǰʮ϶ʱͻЧرõģҲû̫࣬ۡҲĲĺЩ
ǸңǮء
Щ˼ǿɻЩ˼ҵĵ㣬һʱȵϵġ
ˣҲͲٵûǮׯˣڶ죬ǾͰѿׯӸ
ׯʱûˣҲûùܼ˹ȥ
Ѱ˸ʱ䣬ȥǱ߰ũĺŪһţ󣬲ùܼˣǱߵ˵ķȥ֡·ݣҲͺʺֲĻٵȵȡ
ͬʱҲһȥ˹Ź˰ⶫڹˡ
˵ֳĶߴǧʱ򣬹ҲûΪǳͶԴ˲мӣھ֮ȷûڲƭǣʱͱУҪĻֳ˶ԳԱ˰
Ҳһµ䣬Ҫôָһһ˵
֣ʲôʱֵȵȣȫˡ
ĥŵȵֳ֮˵ӽˮ£ˮҪоǰ㹤

91
ӽˮ,Բϵңһ棬ǻҪôСĵ۷ֱеѡ
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ᵽŴ,ǾͲòᵽ,ⶫʱ򻹿׬ǮǻѪ׬
ǲ֪ܱܲסˡ
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ĵһӦǰƸ˳ڣϾһôҲó,ҲֹӲŵˡ
룬ǾȻؼȥ˵
ȻǺܸȤģⲣôã
ԡʱŪɾӣյĻر˿һǶڴ,͸ģֱӿ档
ֻ̫,Ǽҿزס
Ϊ⣺ǾͷֳȥˡҲ⣬Թǰʧˡ
ʵԼĻ,᲻鷳ҪͰ½˳,ֶ࣬ռˡĲ,ԱԽǱߵòΪ
ֳ࣬ʵЩܴġ
ĻռĿɾˣûǸҪʱҪڹܣֲҪ˸Ұ죬ȥǡͷֳȥûʲô˼
ԴӼʶһʮ֮ͶԼ֪ˡ
ʲôΪ׸Ƹꡢһ֮׳־˲١
ˣҲû⣬ģ£ҲżǼҲûô۸ˣܹһءⲻΪǮҪҲΪṩһ
ȻҲгɾ͸С
ͦϲġ
ְԼеƳȥ£붼Ҫ룬Ϊ˵õָɹɳȥ޿ɺǣ;ûҪˡ
㣬ȻҲûټˣͬʱҲңҺûֱǻһ
鷳鷳ŵҪİ
ʼֻҲдŻңϣٵһֹԸЩ̫ˣѾĻûɳҪǼǱܸЩ֧ţǵȻʡ¡
ԽҲҪȥ塣
ҲȷʵͬˣȻԽǱձ鲻ϲ͢ԵԽĹԱҲⲢζǾȫ³͢ˡʵϣ͢ҪѹȫѹԽģֻĳɱ̫ɱһǧ˰٣ܻһĿء
Խܹڳ͢ϴ٣Ҳǲġ
Ҫˣ϶Ҫġ
үүȺеÿսһˡ
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ʵ֮ɳ͢ڸƹ㣬涨ļ۸Ϊ
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֮ǰóֻ˵Ķǧû˵ô߰
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áʵҲ泩ûлʵǲɳʲôµģվȨ߷壬ԵĻʵ۵ȻҲʷԼԲõһʣ˾룬ʵƽƽֲǿϣ˸λʱһʱ˼졣
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ǻͻȻһȺ̧̫࣬һѵĶʲô𣿡
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ȻȷʵׯϵرһֽкĶҲûϣʲôУҲǵׯӴգׯӵ˹ϲġ
֪ҲΪǺĲе𾪡
ҲǺŲԸ˹ģ͵ųɹ
뵽ˣܵôʹҲȷʵ֡
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ٴοһ֮ᵽһ㣬ְˡ

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ں֮УҲõܡ
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߽ͶǱߵĹϵ,ֱһá
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Ǽ޹ȥλദӹģҪĽöҪˡ
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ȻˣҲû˽˾Ͳɣٸɵ£һҲûൢ飬ֱӾͿʼˡߵȻҪһЩԽǱߵĶȣȫС׼ס
ûȵġ
оҲá
һֱǰ죬²ͣҼһؼȥˡ
Ҳ⡣
һҪĵ飬רŰʱҪõĸ࣬ðʳȵȡ
ҹֻˣİĵطЩµˡ
⻹ǵһôĹꡣ
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һһڳͿʼæ
ֻʱ,ûô,С,һӣҲߴߴȥ
æˣҸῴܻܲȥһʱɡ
ԹԵͷҲڴá
Ȼ,ܹ˵మһ,Ҳ۵,ҹĵĹȥˡ
æµֿʼˡ
һææ,꣬ǲֻһطȫأֹͺֵģһ,һطΪ֮ǰĹԱ̰ۣ޽ĵ̰Ӻܿ챻,շݱûǣ̫,Ϣһ·,ɵԽԽ,Թڣûס
ʵ۴ŭߣһԱȥ
ֵ飬ڼӵУӷĹԱ
һҡ
̫˵֮Ҳ߸ϣȻͬʱҲӸʵ˵£ϾǹԱҲܡֱ֮ӾͺѾ˵̫ҽܿͷУֵĹԱָ߸˵ģ֮ǰͲΪҪаѸȾİոֳ£ʵ۸ˡ
ڣҲûԶλˡ
ʵʼʵҲȥģϾҽãָа취ٻϧģһԺ˭壿
ӣѾǱˣҲͲˡ
ЩֻܴģģʷѧģԹ⡣ģݾһһţΪʵµĹԱƽʱҲԱһû뵽飬Ҫðգѡ
Ҳ׬˲ӣ˾˺ܶʹ
˵ӲҪģС
еŻص˾ǡ
һ⣬ʽְˡ
ǰĹˣѾְؼˣλãˡ
ҲϺ⣬λʵûȷ֮ǰʵҪ̫ȨǶԹ˳˵Ǻ£ֻûʵۼɵǷƴĶӡȻк񲿲඼ģЩڣҲû˸
ʱһһĹȥʵԽˣҲȥˣԵ̬ӣҲû취Ǹ򣬶彡꣬
ңҲûôʵ۳١
ʵ۾ǲԽƢ꣬רС
ӵҲԽļˡ
ڣһƹϷ١
˳ԵЩǣܽЩ𣿡
ЩֵǣȻҪƹ϶õĶˡ
ļ򣺡İɣûô׳µġпܵĻ㵽ʱϣֻҪ㲻ҾܰȻ
á˳ڵͷУ˽֤ġ
Щ̫ǻӹĸѹҡ
һѡĻAЩʲô
֮󣬺ƺƵAˣһֱ磬ŵΧ
ӡ󳼣Ĳ١
֮󣬾Ǿˡ
Ӷ˳ڵȻҲ⡣
ڶϣ˳û˯֪ڽˡ
֮͸æ嵽˻ʵǱȥˣ½½ģĹԱҲ۹ˣ˽Ļ̡̻У˹ˣмδ֡
϶˳ڣʵۣһ
ʡ˳ϻųҵĻңܿǿˣߵ˻ʵ۵ߡ
ɱԽԽȺҲЩңݣ커ݡ
˳ὣڻʵ۵ǰûϱʲôģҲһ󣬵жȴԱһС
ܿ죬ӡӡ߻ʮһӼ˾Ͷˡ
֮ĸбȨλУϣ֮һƽʱǿӲ̶ȺͶӹ˳еһƴӺ߻ӱվҺʮһӵĳ־еЦˣƽƽҲ̫ãĸܳ裬ΪҲ֪Ǳ˭ߥ޵ġ
塢ߡʮһʵĿɬЩӣǾôȲˡ
Ȼٶ˵ˣˣ˵ãϣ
Ȼʱ򣬳⣬ıȴǴ󲿷һӵ꣬ʮһӣûһǸġ
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ĩȼ٣ˡԶ׼Щ˴һʼǻϵˣֻӻʵ۵ָʾŻᱻʮһӸ
ӣнңδҲǽˣЩȻڹѱ䣬Ӻ߻ӱҲˣͬҲࡣ
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սһţ˳ҲŽֹҵıǲ˵һȺûʲôֵĳǡ
ͬʱһȺոǿĺ˼ս
ͻȻƿСġ
ǽжӵ
ͷȥͼ˳ؿһˣʵɫЩ𾪺ͽ
Ҳ֣Ȼʵ۶Զǵĸ鲻вʱֳܺȥֻèʮҲЩ飬ο⻹ģй˳ڷܲ໤һӾˡ
Һܿ챻ƽӵнȥ˽³Ҳòˡ
ӱȦ
˳ϵļû࣬ȻҹȿЩأɽκˡ
֮ʵĻȫûˣʣ˳һ֦㣬ʵҲʶôˣ̫Ҳ̫У˹˳Ϊ̫ӡ
Ȼʵ۰󣬾ǹ˳ڼλˡ
Ҳûĸܺˡ
󣬻ʵۼݱ˳ڵϻλ
ӽˮҲ˾޴Ľչ⻹м޽ӼȣҲ˳ȥߡ
֮䷴ջĳةࡣ
֮䣬Ҳʼֻһӡ
һµġ
ֳܵغҲȫ˾ǣͷҲڣɼպǰ;̹磬ҲھзչѸ٣Ǵ̵һѺ֣λҲڲ
ʮʱ򣬹˳ںᵽᶵ£˳Լĺӵģ١ᶼҵģ𲢲ô룺Ҽҵᶶɷ򣬱ϲģһӲ檣ͱŮӸ׽ģֻһһ⡣
ĻһҲ
Ǽг󣬸ĸ󲮶ҲͬһһޣûˣᶵĹҲûô׽Լɷ򻹻Ȣˡ
ԴҲǱֵ֧̬ȡ
ȱġ
Ѿô˵ˣ˳Ҳԥˣûǿͬ⣬˼һȦ֮󣬻ûĸģҲֻա
ò˵ԽɵҲһֻһӣһСΡ
ôȥʱš
ûһӶڳãֳҵ·̺֮ˣǹ֮һķʱҲѾˣܺһ
֮Ҳв⣬ԺȣҲ˸ҽѧԺһҽཻܲ½ѧӡ
ĶѾˣ㹻ʵںˣҲְֵķ֣бµģսá
лҪ˵
~~д~~һӦдģһټѽ~
ƼһҵԤġɶ񶾷ɵǰ~
ڱʱͻȻǰ䣬ԼķԭһĶ񶾷ɹѷ
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