үдС˵㰡ߣ
İ
ڶ˸ûС̯۵ľǽС̫үС˵ŵ˵İ£óԹȺųȸ¡
޵΢ҵǲ֪ĹѪߣдⲻĿС˵Ϊ
СеҰүѾããʹֻܿдС˵ǿŽ˼֮ࡣ
һ˫ۣ߳Ĵ󵶾ͿȥˣĲ֣չ˵˵
-
ڻҴ̿ͣϷ񣬰С̯
ûʲôɱרĸдҵô
дС˵˵÷ϣջһöҷۡ
λҷƺcpͷܣϸҪ۾顣
ƣӦʱ̧ۿԷ˫ŵһ亹λ˿ҶûȤء
Էһ˦ƣô˭˵Ľ˼ɼ
𣺡ҲǣûУϹ˵
ܻƤƤ x ҹԿħ
1. ɳС
2. ˽裬Ȩı
3. үԻ·ɹСȣҪͼ˵߼ȥ
ݱǩ ϲԩ ־  
ؼ֣ǣ  ǣ  
һ仰飺СдŬܶү
⣺Ŭҵץ


1 
ɫ΢ԶջŵӣͷڣѾųȦ಻
һľ׳Ӹźڶ񡢶ñסŶСƳǰ档
СƳֳСᣬԱһʾƣʾĿһдţշС˵£ʮǮһᣬԱǮ㡿
ɧļ˼ͼǰǰͷ˸ѵ⣬ЩҪ֡
ڶɤӣֵ̧ոµķܹĪҪţһ
˵ܹ
ǰŵļ쵽ӣͶǽǷͷŶӵӳͶȥĽĿ⡣
ŵʱǰͷѾ꣬ڳ嵽̯ǰСӵ⣿µҲ̫˰ɣ˸įǮ
̯нƿָС̯ϵĸʾƵضдͷˣ뿪̯λŲ˻
Ѱ˵ļвȴַ̯ϾĸǻҪ׷ģֻڨڨ֣ȴԲĵسźͷŶӵǺյĸٵÿûҪ뿴ֱӿľС
̯Ȼƣ˿ţ̧ȭͷ߿´θµݣλǵĸϷشչù򱾴θ£´εĲ֡¹ллϡ
ʲôʱĹأʾôû
̯ŲæӶͳ֧ڸʾͷһ䡰¹򡱣תͷ¶һڰЦڿˣ
ǰǲϣ
ǰⲻǿǿô
̯°ڣͦţڳԶ㡱İԵ̬ۣǣӿҹղͣлл
֣ȴܳʵ׷ǰͭ壬ܿ콫̯ϵһա
һǽ֮鷿߬Сӣֻǿ̫үôС˵ĿѾͷѣٽСӷݣûŭɶžһ½ڰϡ
ǽģһ˫ü۴ʱƱ˪
̴ӹСϥ˫ֱȭǡֹ֮
䵭Ƴһۣл˵
Сص˵̯ų˵´θݡ
˵
´θݡү̫ӻش鷢չ
顪
Сδ䣬ѽˣį̄ɢһء
С۹۱Ǳǹģţҳ
Ѱס𣿡ٴ
ССȥСڲ顭
ɷɣʹΪݣҲۻݶѰյ鷳οС˵дˡ鹹
ǾѰʵҲ޷Ȼǵķ̯׽ʻֻܰ˶ңԤȽ̯ݲѰԷѱ
ƫƫ̯дĲȴǳʱӲ¶ÿС˵̯ڶ̡
ߵǣ̯Ϲ򼫺ãʮֶ÷׷ټɣǰʮȥңڰ;ͽ˸ˣδܲ鵽˵ס
һȺ
ǳһϲ
Ժǽͷ˳˽շС˵£ǲɢ˼ûĿˣʾժãʼʰյ̯
һ˫µĳѥ
ͷҲ̧ذڰ֣շݸˣ͹ɡ
δ䣬һλεݵǰЩϹĹۡ
һ¸£ȫˡ
һɽͷ
̧ͷ͸ñϵĺڲżΪһ˫¶΢΢˵Ļȣŵİ
ʱϷֽ̧̣ñЩɤӣȻΪдּ֣Ҫø˿ݣڴʹС˵ھ񣬶׬ǮһӰҺߵĸ£ҵ;ȻΥдĵĳԡԡ
һ˫޳ü΢΢𣺡Σ
ԣüǮ
ʵǮֻ𶪳̽Էߵġ
ڰǰһƽ
һʮǮһӹһǧˣС˵Ҫ˵µһ£Ҫʮ¸¶ԲҲǴ´ġ
νǮֻ˵˵ˡ
ν˲󣬺ݻȷųһͳߵһףԺ߿ͻţա
淭ˣ̬ϸҲûʲô
˼תͼǳ࿡Żüšһ˼Ƭ̣ڣãӶ٣ʮ𣿡

ԼˮǺס˰죬ֱԼĶ䣺ʮӣ
ţȻͷͽǮȡݵǰǲҿټӣֻֻʮҪӣһȥȡ
ʮɽ
˻δ䣬ѼͽǮȥһ飬ֽóģҧһڡ
ָǻƳγεһĵ⾹ǸɵǮıһҪΰסǡ
ٴ𣺡ȡɷĵַȥȡ
ذڰ֣µַ֪дȥɣĵַС
ãڳǽ¹ɽׯ
һжʱ
סСլӾڳǽɲɾ¹ɽׯϡ
¹ɽׯ˭Ҳ
Ǿˣ͸ñŶ˵һ˫ۿ뵽⼸߶ҵǾ鷳İɣ
ǣ˻صøɴ࣬ϲС˵Ҫġ
ôɿʲôʲôģÿٺ»٣
¹¹ɽׯ£ÿٺ»ˡ档
Ħ򢣬˼
֮ǰ¹ɽׯĹȷʵйѾʮˣǰ˿ҲͶʮͷǮౣзҲϡ档
ׯӵĹ£ҲȷʵǮҲ͵ͨ
ţʣʲô⣿
һ֣СɾУСıС˵˭㲻᲻֪ɣ
Ȼ֪
㿴飬Ӳܣ
үͨΪ˻Щ
Цһ̵λү̯Ͼ͵ץء
ҪȥׯͻСժ˸ҿ峤࣬ҺԽӡ
˵ţ־ȥǺɫñ
ָҪñܣָһϮ˱㲻ԾһȥվȻͷʱԶĵطվ
ɫһݣĵÿʽ˱ԼԤĻҪѶԸࡣ
ȴѾƤЦǶֳͷˣϳպһȥׯϽҵּѧģϰ岻صϴˡ
ĿӰʧڣüٿȻ
СӰ߳ȷˣֻڽͷβļǰŰɡ񣺡үôã
һ¹ɽׯҪպôӱķɳȥ
лҪ˵ˣԤ
ڡ˽һأ
ˡ
ɵڹ X к
Mԭ򣬻ڿҵά޹
ʱܰ䲢ݻǵըϰ߱Ҳѧ˿ԼĿ⣬˫Լرġ
ֱһ죬M·߼ֻСؼҡ
-
һǼعǰ
ϲ۹ķϳǣֻսپ
һλ¼Уˣĳλķĵ·ǿмؼҡ
ǿǿˬ


2 
߳ֳ͸ʾݴͷСƷʰƷһͷļҵ¶мЦŽ磬һ˦ǽﱼȥ
𴩽ⱾѪС˵ĵ¡
ⱾԾү̫Ϊ˫С˵ƫƫԽ̫ȥɱǸڻҴ̿
̿书޵УȴܲãСʿ󣬸ճɽͽ˸ɱүĵѶ񣬳û¾㵱ˡ
ԽȻԼСȥϾܾ˴ɱϽе̲ڶǳǽð˸ЩªլӣԤдС˵ȻڷԣȥȥܹǮٰ֮ǰܾɱǷµǱʾ޶ΥԼˡ
տʼд˼лŮС˵Ƿƽƽٵÿ֮һӣƫ棬дд⹷Ѫİ£Ȿ̫үճ
û뵽ĳԹȺڼһڣⱾĸûڴСﴫˣ֮Ѹٴں죬ۼÿŶĵԽԽ࣬ԽԽСҲԽԽӯ
ԼŬŬ׬ǮСӺ⣬ֻһͷ۵£նÿ컻Ųͬİš
ԭ˵ã˦⡣
صң˵ƣʼܱʼ飬дµһС߳
˵ʱƤˣûԴԼдȴǼġ
λ½һ¸°Ǯˣɱͯ۵ԭǹһܳһٷݣȻϸãԼ컹δʱȥ¹ɽׯſڡ
ǰһׯסˣʱСţѾˣүһô죿
˶ˣ|ʱһȥׯܿŵߣ׽
ΣնҪˡ
Ÿ޴ĴֻſڣԶԶŹСӭָ߾ٹͷظ˴к
ϰ壬ղ˧ˣ
ףЦСˣ𣿡
ѱǾ޴Ĵֻǰģһٷݣһݲٶͷء˵յŰݵǰ
ȥǰֻҪɷ鷳СһȥׯЪϢƬ̣
ɽׯͷһۣЦҡͷҾͲȥˣĻС˵ֱӶʼƤ
ǰһֱ۽ôСڵʵΥ¹ɽׯ֮ҽȥԱ裬顣
߬סֱ۵޳ָ˽
ȴվǧֲƾö˿
üڶ飬ֺǺǵģǸˣȥµׯӣϰҪǾſڶ˹ģǾȥǲҲУ͡
Сǰһߵӣô죿
΢ۣأ¡ֳЦˣǱС·ˡ
͹СȥǴ¥ȥᣬԼǮûΪɾܾˣҪڿĳλ£ȡ˵ԼԸǮ
ס󣬡ϰǼ׷ôôСд֣οҸղŶ˵ͣϰʱŸǮǲƲң
˵Щʱǰ㣬ѹһЮŨɱ˱ëֱ
оŵ˿˿룬ʹֱ裬ǽڷָ㲻ܿƵزжǮȥڿס
󵨣
Сǳһǰ벽еѳʣĵм𲱾
ͷŵŵѲ߲̽ͷѰ˼ǷҪǰ⡣
£񡣡
Сͺһһֱӽǵɨֳһ񣺡С޷ЦˣĪҪ
Ц˵˵ֳ벽ֳԷȥָһƣѽǮϵϣûĻǾȥǴɡ
ˮţС
ʱѴǰһš
ûƭˣµһ£̫ӹýͲ˫⣬ֱѸһˡ
̫žӯӯһյ̧Ϊڶа޷ԷʱϽӲЦҲάֲȥˣǳ鴤ҧÿ졣
͸ñı飬ڴΣϰµݿɻ⣿
ָ߬ڶˣӲ̧ͷάЦ⣬ֻӲЦʵѿСŶΣдǡΪ¶ǡ
Цǹϰϲ¶ǵд
۽Ƕ鴤ϲ
ϲͺã˵⣬дֵ
ֳ֣սѹϰ˵һݣصΪϰƵġ
빢ϰҪһ£϶Ϊ˵ɣȻˣϰ£ҲϰʧصΪͼӴףɫ١
ĺҧˣǣСˡ
ڰ֣ӦõģӦõġ
еС߬һӡӣֻһ£²̫ףСйؾⲿòдε֪ģ
ӼڶǼӵ˽ʱżϯ⣬Ӳڹ¶棬ھĶǰҲ֪ġ
С˵ʲôڶаĳ򢡱ʤѩļ˵ǲþ䲻ĿȴдúǾ壬ǼĿƵġ
ЦЩָյøЩдľ룬ǾӦϰľɫ˲ǡ
δ䣬Сĵٴηͷ̧ͷϹСǺҪǧеĿ⣬Ц⡣
ʵ֪֮òΪھһʱĵ͵ԶԶƳۡ
Ŷ
漰ԷݵϢȻȤǺʱĸ˭µɷ֪ʵ
ȴӻ֣ǹȥˣûͱְˣʷͲˡ
ȴҽҿ԰㽲û븮ְнҲδ֪
ȴһڻؾˣ֣вУҾٻȥˡ
Ϊβܻȥ
յǰѹ˵¶Ծүһ飬Ľҹ跹˼ܳߡٻȥǲԳ֣Ҫݽȥ԰Ρ
ĲسЩ鲢ïŶñܸܵ
˵һ̧ͷǰĿ⼫Ϊӡ


3 
ү˵ǣǽĶġ
ⱾС˵ջʱΪС˵ĿŶȺӰͺ˸Լүã˼ɼĹ¡
룬˼ȥٿС˵Щй̫ӶԾİдʱضˣ֮ܰȼȻȲҪչˡ
ʵ֤һзǳЧ
ȥڶ죬ⱾС˵ڶǵײյȦﴫˣӵĶг۸Ӧǡ
ڹϰȻȻھͰ׸
Ĺ½꣬ĿȴԤͬ
Ŀ𾪺֮ͬ⣬ֺЩ˵ĶǵƤһ
ϰ壬ʲô⣿
¡
ص⣬ĿȴȻסǶñš
Щڵؿ£ǹϰ忴ʲôûеĻ¾ȸˣ
ʱֽסˣģѰ㣿
ÿ춼ϵط飬ϰȤʱȥұǡ˵գǣ߳ݱʧӰ١
ӣ׷׷Сʡ
ء˾䡣
Сĵ˴λѵãֻ١
ˡͷشֱׯȥˡ
Сһãȥ䲻ģȴΥֻýڲͷİ˻ȥ
¹ɽׯһԲȥ鷿ӰСӶ
ԼүʱʱչüģСһûʡ
ĵүԭⱾС˵֮ǣÿȥ˻ֻݲݷһ۾ͻ鷿ĸְڼһͨң򽫷˵ʱҲ
ôƽضöʵڷ
СΣڣⱾǰͷļ£㻹𣿡
Сүš
ȫȡ
СֻӦǾˣȡ·̲ס룬ÿǰһׯʱҪܻǰգԽǰͷļһˣǼү˵һӣʱǻÿӱ޻ȥá
Сǰͷ¶͵ϣԸ˺裬֮鷿һԭүΪĿС˵ͷβ
յ蹦ȥ̧ͷ̾һ˫ÿǰšüҡͷû뵽֮֮ǰôûʵڽС˵̫֮ڣԱ繰⣿
СԼүʺţҴǻҲ֪δǻ
ĬΣ̾Ϣһֻϧ޷Ӧ顣
СԽԽòԾ룬һǲӦʧʣ
뵽СͲŽźȥסæ߻Ӧڡ
ȥʮ꣬ʮյһ飬ص㿴ֻ˲һ꣬ʮʮ֮ģ֮ڵҡ
¹ɽׯֱӸ·ȥȻһŲӵ
𽫶ЩǰʵڶԲסλշݵĸ±һλȫˣ´εĸ»Ϲأպ󡣡
õõôϢŶӵȺȻϰݣ׷Ǵ𲻸Ρš
֮ǰ˵ǰһ½ڵģǻǮһ£ȴһ£ǵˣ
ǰҪ˱㲻˻ȴԳ
ǲ¹Լʲô˼
ֺ֪Ǻѵѵֵ̧λ˵òصұ֤´һԸ£Ǯ䣬ʮǮΣ
棿
ɲҪˣǣ
ұ֤ʳԣԼƣٲд顣
˼ѻ˵ôѹŭ´οʮǮ£׬ˣҲ㲻ƽҪ£ɢˡ
첽˳ǽլӣŲŲӰӵϸ塣
ϼţ˵ؽµһ£Ҫ߸𣬱Ͼǰ˾ǳ̫ӺүģؼһˣⱾС˵Ŀڱ϶
ⲻУⱾС˵Ҫʿͻģڱһܶ
ָǳ涴СѰ˼һ󣬺ܿ˶Բߡ
¿һߣдһǵ£֮Ҳ°¿ʼչȥѹɷ⣬ⲻӭжô
һţӽͳһͰ͵ķƸֽܱʼ
ͬʱ䣬Ҫݲ˵Ҫܳ˫װɲᡣ
ϴѾ˶߸ӣβϸˣֻӲͷƤ
Ÿͨڰٷݸд꣬һС̯ŵʱȦöīˡ
ųһСӣǶǳ⣬Ĺ쳣˳
Сʼʰյ̯ʱһ˫µĳѥٴγ
Ҫ̧ͷȥ潫žһ˦ϡ
﾿ûһ滰ŭ
ϰӰһԼոС˵½ڣһǳȡĲ־


4 
ҽͣ
⻰ʱЩˡ
ԼȱԼβһ
ŨŨڵĿô£
ʿˮ̧ȴϰǺÿüչЩ
ϰ徹һף
΢΢̧򢣬ʾͰɡ
˫ãЩεЦ⡢ʲô
üͷٴһǽڷ޳ָͷһ˵ԼھΪҵʮϣȴѰģ
˵ţֻڶָڶҼȰŶΣΪµһ£辶д̫뾰|£
һɣԭΪô¡
Թһתѻʱ̫ˣߺŽȥģûüϼ¼ڰͱȥˣϰҪȻǲ鲻ġ
С˵Ƿ⡣
šüν⣿
һɤӣ͵ͺñȣϰȥϷԺϷеվƱеƱͲͬˣvvvipҪ¥֣ܿ˿Ĳ֡
ƶǶģҡͷϷԺȰ᣿δš
ڰ֣սһߵܸоȵϢĴϣǵЩ˵øһЩС˵ͺǴү̫ӵĹ£ͲһˣǰҹȥүԷǴġ
СڹסӴĶˣδĻ࣬һ˫Բ˿𣺡㡪
˵̧־ͳñĹȥһץס
ô͡
˵һ룬Զһѵŵֱӳŷɹ
ɿɽǵڳĹСҫػ˻ӡ
Сǰһѽȥ־ϼܡ
ס֣Сǳ⡣
СԸؽ˻ࡣ
˵͵Ļ˵ʵڲȴ˵ͨġ
ǽ˵ǣͷŵǹŭ㱻ѹȥ˶٣ˣҾٰ½ڣһͬĽƹңдˣ
ٺЦţĬ˵
ֹסҪת뵽Ϊ˼ĽŻ뷽跨Լİ⴫ȥҲǸˣԭˡ
ֻǲУ룬Ϊүǰտͷ־Щ鰮ģʵǲס
գҲ½ˣֻÿС˵£ҹĿһ飬˹ˣܳȥòʣȥҿ
ǱҴȥĲ֣Ҳдÿʮӵļ۸СΣ
˵Ƿǳˡ
ȴ̲סŶñſεЦζ
벻⹢ϰǵĿۣǸΨЩֻԼ˽¿Ը˷
ȻôԵİʾȻҪˡ
¾ģԺÿһȥϰĿʱ򣬱Żд汾ˡ
Ʊү̫Jİסϰ죬ùϰֻýҡ
ʼնڶñµһһԲȴʮ֣صػͷǾô˵ˣСԼÿһʱǰ¹ɽׯͷ¥棬С˵±ǮΣ
ͷ˵˵Ǿˣ
ϿյĶֳӿڵСƹȥˡ
Сƹ磬ϰǸʮµָˣ˳ƻ
ʱһС
ָŻͷϰŵһ̳ƵˣǲһôôǾƵĴĪҪۿ˵ͣ
˵ȻüЦǲǣСˣԤģ綩˵ġ
üʣĸ˶ģɸǮˣ
ЦأǮǻûġ
ûǮͲģģҲϸøҲǡ
ϻɷ˵ǰƹֱ̨ӾҪȥ̳ƣǰȥ֪ǺãͼŸֳСŹˡ
üЦˣԶԶкСɰôô̫ã

ظϰк·СƳŵǽȥһۿֱֱ̧̳˸ᡣ
Сֱ̳ڿУҲסһ·ԭԼҪһ̳˵ģ¶ǱĵЦһ
ҵ˭أԭⲻĶ
ž̳תͷģЦ룬ⲻǹôҲư
ǶǺЩд֣дү̫Ӱµĵдֲͬǰϵңǵܷ֡֡ĵд֡
дͳʷѧģйܷĿɽ۾Ȼǳͷġ
ĵд֣˵мһ˶ģǼֱŶԷΪܡ
ǵľƣʱֺǺǸкֻԼ۾ˣϲ̨ùĹҲƺȣˣʲô磬ԺƵ߾ˣޡ㣿
Ż˵һ룬ֱӱ𽫰̳Ӿƾ·ǰϣҧҪ
һ࣬ɶȥЦ˼ֻˡ
ȴ֪Լ˵Ķ֣Ȼ䣬˦һ䣺дĶ¸ǲҪţû꣡߷Ȼ뿪ˡ
ĿԶյ̨ߣµСӵݸ
ͻйԼÿ죬һ̳ƾһ¡
ֻû뵽Լ̳Ԥľƻƹô鷳
ԺģҵľƸˣúǰ˾ƹݵ
ֺǺǽСˣûʲôûһ㣬ҲѴˡ
ȻЦԲסղ̣˰̳þơ
ڰ֣Цϣộء
˳ǽլӣϵſСٴΪϰһŨ½ڡ
дԼһ飬ǰ㸡ֳϰʱרע˫ĿԲģԾ𴽽ǣЦݹϾþûɢȥ
ڶԼʱ仹аʱ¥û뵽ԶԶͿϰڿλӺŲˡ
ЦòãҪǰһϮ
Ϊ̿ͱֱܵٿȻֹ̳ȥ˰벽ŰڿȧǴ
ɫȥϸ
߽ϸĺХ
𳯺ǽİں|ȹĵγһֱߡ
ɱľأȡ
ɫϸ룬ѱһ·
¥˹Сڿµһյһյغֱ꣬ʱʱ̫ȥˣҲûܵӰ
ɫڵÿ£һ˦Ŀղˤ˸飬ЦҾˣڲƭ


5 
˵˭ģ
һŲǴͷİؿڣʡ
ǰͭ︽ϰҪѵֻ࣬ʮˣò
ʮ˳ּΪ壬ϣǸڳһƵļơ
¶书ߣ¶ֲ
µһ̿͵ݰǣֻ½վҪˡ
ʱѽǰͷĿ˫ֺ°ͶжѾˣԾǰʱִӶһѵͷĿ֣üġ
ͷĿĲڡ
̽ʣǾ˺ϰǲڣŶԷϸ΢ķӦпЩߡ
һһߺѪ˫۷ȥֱ
ָදϣȷ͸ˣ°ͷͷصĶԾġ
һڣôûˡ
һӻֻּڴ¥ȥ
ǲ¥ǰԶԶͿѾ¥ΧҲˡ
ղǲ˲ʱ˲ʣʱֱ϶ദѪֻ»ᱻѲߵĲͷϣȥʻֻͽ¶ˣֻ۷ؼҡ
˳ǽլӣ𽫴׵ļϳ򵥸Լ˿ڡã¶񣬷ͷüˣߵϣװСӰֱͷĴ첹
һͷɫֱ¹ɽׯԺЪˡ
һɫˣźŵʹǸżԴҴһ¡
ԡЪº뵽챻Ÿӵ£ԽԽȥ˯ţȥ鷿
Сǰľ飬κׯʱͰǱС˵ǰͷᱸˣ˷鷿ϣԱʱ֮衣
ֻûϵǷ̯Ȼ˲֪үԼҲҲͷҪˡ
ƻϲϱ仯СǰүҵĲǮˣǲ¥ϰãȥٻذʱ֪¥д򶷺ۼֻŻһȥ￱Ρ
ׯӣС뽫Ŀүȴ̫Ҹ˵үѾЪˣлٱ
˵⻰ʱ߻Сͷɨһ飬һ˫մĲЬ˵үүߣɹҲ߯ѳЩľүԷͷСү´󿩡
СͷԼϳһۣһȥүȷʵףү˯һʱҲ۷ȥʹӵԺˮϴʰүȥ鷿Ǽᡶ̫ү鷿ϣŵһȥ鷿
ү
Сһ鷿Ϳףбߣһᷢ
Сŵͨһһ
ȥС˵ȫˣ
СǰɢһصŤͷͷܣҪżֱס

СһãȻֱżСŲ
£ȥ
үСŲӲԸ⽫£۲Ϊš
죬£ȥ
Сֻֽ·ŻذϣĬĬתȥˡ
ֽСﷴ˼飬м͸޾⣬̾ϢţдضĶԼ˲ǣƭ
Ϊղ֣
һԼİˣΪȴֿѻã
ΪԼԹ棬ŰˬԼ
뵽̾ϢЩ˽£򿪴ȣڴͷɫСɣǵֻרһˣô
һӰӴܽ

عҪʱѱԷסס졣
Уҡ

Բһ˫ۿ۽ǶЩˣס﷢
һܾСèģϲԾЩ
ûһҧڴʹֵĿյѳŭĿ
㡭


6 
ûסЦԭصĪЩµʲôһׯĹ£ôүƵġ
һָߣСͷˡ
͹ԹЩֵ̿سƳһۣſڵĹС˴ǳ涨ʰ
ôģüͷšס˶ڶñµһ
¹ɽׯ䲻ƾǰ䱸ɭϣҲҵĵؽ磬ѰܴģοЪصضల˼ҹѲߵġ
ǽͷ߰˸ܣͽˡȴ⡣
֪ô˽լǺκ
ͷҪץң߱ô
Ҳûװһ⣬ͷԷȾ¹ɽׯԭֻǶԱ¥ϴ緢ԶԶһ˴ŵ鷿ȥʹ͸鷿ݶ
ǰǳɱЩңǹ¥Լ˿ľٶƴǰǰ
ᱨٵ£ֻǳ⣺Ȼ˭ĵӣ
𣺡ǹϰղſڴͷֵģ
㴹ۣСݵúԡ
㡰Ŷһˣˡ˵շȥ
ǰһסΪˬԼ
ˣµĸûдû
£ߵɶЩġ
üûдҲͨһǣˬԼ¥һõȣҪںεأ
ڲ¥˺ܾã
һүôܳԼƭת۰Ͱ͵һ£ȻǺ޺޻˾䡰ûС
ǸǸ泶˸ɳϰʮֿеĶߣҲΪϰдĸ³Ȼûˡ
û˵˵Ҳ㽲ͨȻԼϷĻԹԸԭ
󣬼˵ֿģδܵס̲סָͷʣôٲôҹĲ˯鷿ʲôƫͷϿȥһ۾ͿС˵дĶأôϲ
ҧأû׶ôÿ仰ùͷһһѿ
Ծ뵲סͷᣬ뽫ڼͷ״ãתڹ۴·ףֻսֱۣ³ǰҪס¡
һϵж˾䣺ˣתȥȹ
شıӰʣˬԼׯʲô
л㣬˵ţǰһöڶڰϣ𣿡
óʱʼñµһ˫۱ס۲ÿһϸ΢顣
ãüͷһ飬̺Ĵҡͷʲô
±ɱûκιϸ
ԭ˴롣
˼ȥµľǹϰҲΰɱĻ߻ߣνԼȥ¥۾ҲΪףֻˡ
дְҵΪֹµĽˣɵǮ࣬ʵڿϧ
ڿȷǲ֪࣬׷һ䣺֪ʲô𣿵ɰ֮ģ
Ƭ̣ŷӦԷе˵ľԼҡͷûУкθϵ
ڰ֣ûʲô
㾿˵ʲôδģ
ǰڿţ¥ͷ
ɫհ죿ȥ¥ȴδô£ѻ
ֻҲ֪ô£ⰵھˣȤԼ顣
˶͸ŹŹ֣´𣬷˼ŵŷ첹ЬҲһˣѪֳ
ָЬƶʣôˣ
ǰֻϵˣûϲƵĵطʱſЦ˵·ߵüСˤˡ
ķɣ뿪ʣȴ̧ˣӻͳСҰѸ´ˣϰҪҪ
Ƚǰ£ӹӣҪ࣬ѹ̫ܸоԷɢˡ
͵̧źͷһ̫ʦΣȥ⡣
ЦתȥˣŶñܸоֱĿ⡣
ȥˣᷭ
ҹⷺõԭЩ԰׵ϴʱȴźΣǺֱȾɢͷȥ΢΢ĲڻƵĵƹһ뿪
𿴵Щ
ᣬ̧ͷŭĿ𣺡㡭дʲô
λع̹Ȼ̫ү⡣
žһ½ᳯҹȥԷֽ̧סˡ
ƣһṫȻ˱⣬ǻֳ
Ҫ⣬ͷš
Сͷү£ŵţҪȥ鿴

£
æͷһס˹СߵĻ
ǰһС͵ϣС˵Ҫ´ھ̫Ӿ᲻Լ׸ףⲻҪҪǶܴ⣬ϰ˵ǲǣ
˵뵽ԼǻĽ֮޴йŭȥüۼϧ뵽ʲô̧𣺡ҿЩݣǲǴ˼ҽþ˽İĽ֮ģ
Цǳ鴤ĵλָǽ밵ɱĻʹһ˲Żĸɣ
ϰ˵Цˣȴֱ֮˵İĽ֮飬ô˾үۣүУǳˮܽء£ֻԶ۶Ȼġ
ϰһƬĿģؽС˵±ܺãǧҪþү֡
˵գԼݼλּΪػվѧŷߣɫ̾Ϣһҵ˼ǺװɣԷֻ֪ԸΪһܽĨɫ±ˡ
ڴ뻱ߵ𱻶סĲӰįºǴԭˬԼԹ߱ɢȴҲֻܰΪλĽ߶̾Ϣ֮󻺻ҡͷСϲԷƱǺݣԾ㴿İ⣬κ˵ͼ֣ҲزǨŭ㣬Ҳδ֪
ĬͷϱЦܣҴŶñȻ¶ڡ
ߣ𶧵ݸұˣضСıܺãǮ£дһ棬գмǲ¶ǵرﰮˡ
ٽ½𶧣ϲ빢ϰɵǮ׬
ǻʱ¥޸İ¹˵ţ̧žԤ뿪
ٴסֱۣմʱֱ鷿Ұա
Ťͷǹϰ壬ǽͷ


7 
üͷšһ飺Լ˴ֻǽͷһ·ôô
ĵŻпܻ
ɱǾɵģ¥ͷСˣ¹ɽׯſڻָ˶ٸֵء
ЦЦȻ˽լ¿ɸɲϰҪԼ鷿Ҿ͸һ
㲻ټ֣Ĺ˵
ߺ˹Сǰڶ
ô£
С˰ڷȥţүӺδڣ
¥ͷԡ
үôȥԣ
ü۳㻹ң
үˡ
С㹧¥ͷԷִ򶷺ۼˡ
ʣôҪ£Ϊڲű
үС֮һΣܹˣ鷿˵ү͸ˣû㿪ڵĻᡣ
Ըȥϧһд۰²ˣһڱĵؽܶԷмԴҪͷأ
СլеֻŸȡȥ˷ţȻд¸£ڶŵȥ¹ɽׯǼ鷿Ȼ鷿ţͷΣڰߣڿ顣
·ȥظϰʺá
򢳯ֵ㣺գˣ
𳣳ãϰıү󣬲֪ÿθϼ㱨ʱǲҲôţ
ȻֺǺǵģдСݹȥ
淭꣬仹ǲ̫û⣬ֵȿдİ汾ֺαضҪдһ
ĵⲻΪ㹢ϰôҲ֪˭쿴Ŀô𾢡
ׯͷСӱ޳ţЩײѲߵĻԺӽһ˦ͷ鷿ܡ
ԶԶˣקסʲôżæŵľү鷿ȥ㿴⸱ӣŸ˵ģձ䱾ˣ
С˶ϵһµУүԸȥģúʱ֮ǰȥ鷿ʱҿɾȫڹˡ
ŵûæ֣ŹСɱȥıӰ̲ס
Сžһ½ײ鷿ȥ

һָ˰أ̫ʦϵ𣬾鶼Ҫ̰ε򣺡󵨿ͽҲ
ˣ͵ֽ̧Ҵʱö˶أҺʲôѵˡ
СʶԼçײˣæ˵񣺡ӣ³çˣˡ
ô
عӣˡ
°ָ𣺡С
һãȻΪµУӣСֿ
п𿪿Ƿ⣿
ӲؽӴˣһ׳һ˫ѥӡ
ӺĲںҲһۿ۸񲻷ƣǣ
ҿС׾ݣΪˡ
⻹ƽͷһαһʱζӳµģôùϰƷѡ
һ㱡񣬲ҳݣǲϲŶ˱ǡ
ЩΣ͵ֱ׳ְԵģδڶ
ϸϣʵл뿪
ܳʱƳ˫徫ϸƵĺڵ׶ѥĵĪЩ춯˵ʲôо
ڶͭϵطС˵ſյĶֳȥ磬ԶԶһüĿԲŮ֡
Сɸ磡
ŮԼĪʮ꣬ĽСźɫֲȹӴƣӴСɸѿ治ԭǳƵһںÿˡ
ҶӣЦþòأ
Ҷӳգգۣȥˣҵ꣬Ȼĸҹ
Դǰмֹ֮󣬻ͲŮھƹͷ¶ˡ
ҶŽŰѹ̨ͷľ̳𣬡ľƣҵĸأ
֪ÿĶǴȥŮģʱЦŽµһСύҶССͣٿЩⲻĶ
˵ԼдĶģ
˾̳ӣͷһھƣ˹֪֮
˵գŤͷһۿھƹ¶ԺȾƵһͷ״ҳ۵ߣЦ⣬ǰȥ
߹һֻõʦ


8 
ʦǲǰ
۵𣬶˵𽣱žһ´ȥʦˣ
ţѹʦСͷǶҵİ˷ݾͲˡ
Ҳ֪ݣûʦţɸ֣ҵĹŵӣϹͷ봳ǲˣȫָҳţ㿴ڸʲôϹһù򣡡
سܿȥŲ鸽Ƿаš
ȷûп֮ˣɣ룬ʦģҪʱ˶ң¶ˡ
겻ģ֪ԼĻͽܸûú̾˵Ҫӿ۲ԸⴳΪʦҲ㣬תиʲôã̯С飿Ϊʦȫ㶪ˣ
һţ̲סˣŲӵʦ˵ʲôأˮİС˵СҲϵġ
ýǣ㻹ѧᶥˣ岻ص𣿰
ǡ
ֵͷĵط֮ʦһζ㲻ģһ٣ˡ
治ϣһյ蹦ȥĻˣЪ
ûЦ̳͵ʦǰʦȱѹѹ۰Ѿ̳ˣʣʦôͻȻˣ
б۳ͽܣ㺰ҹģ
һ㶣ʲôʱˣӳû¸Լ
յǷóɸ봫鲻㷢ģ
ǣæӦû˵ʦԹ
ʵʦܲܰϵ˺ϰ
ҹʲôΥԼˣ
ҡͷ
ǰͨίиĴɱ񣬾ǹĵӡ
ʱԲԸˣһ˺ϰӵΧҪ˵һɸзԴͷϣҪһǧƽΥԼ
һǧƽ˵Ǹ֣ʱһ׵ôܻĽ˴ͳȥʲôʱչǮʲôʱٻزڡ
ڼһǮûչҹʲôͷģżţ
𲻸ʦ֮ǰɱ¾ˣֽʣһöڵݸ
ɫ漰Լͽ£ĵߣ浨Ҵߣǻƴģ㻳˺ϰµ֣
ͷֻǶ̫ɾˣû»ڣչʡ
֣סҡͷҵģҵԤô죿ǲɱ㣿ɱ㣬ⲻŸ꣬ԭûɱҲǷ˼Ҫͷˡ
ЦͷʦֲӲӲġ
̾ɫҾӦú͹ϵ󡣡
ʦô˵
˺ϰ˵һΪɶǰ񣬲ǻᰵͱӵġοǰѾȥֹһͨˣҪ㣬ʱҪӦǱΥԼֱҧҪУαôһȦ
˵˽⣬ɱµġ
ȴҡͷĵǸʲôˣʦ㻹δ֪
˺ϰǽ˰ʵרΪ̫µĵ֯
ǹһʿ
ȻЩǽϼ֪Ļܣ֪֮ΪԭС˵
ûɣҶһ飬ƶ˺ϰͲڣһҲܡо
һϣӣʦҲɽȥˣ
æ֣ûе£ʦϹ˵ʲôأôܻɵͷϣҪֱһ仰Ҿǰ˽Լαط˼ɱ
ӣԻǱҰ飬ԼҪ棬ǻ
Уһھܾ̫Σˣǣ
һϣ˵ǣҽˣɸ봫ʱôû뵽һ㣿֪㱻˰ɱΪʦӲܣ
ǰû뵽һ㣬ʦæϵûϵʦȻԼˡ
ֻͷ˵֪Σ̾ϢĸйأŲáȻˣ㲻Ϊ㣬Ϊ˲ڣΪʦҲҪģҲ𡣡
ֵҸһȥ
УΪʦ߲߰飬Ųһ±¶ˣ
ҿװİ硣
Уҧ˲ͽܳ棬ΪʦĻҲˣûеˣ
ּ˼ΣֱӷҪߡ
ṦãߣǶȻ׷ϵġ
ֻøĿڵҲͲɣʦѵɽһˣôסȥɣ
סʲôסʱȣҡͷ˵Сֺڡù࣬ΪʦŲȥ
˵գҲĻᣬֱӽżһ㣬ʧ˾ƹǰ
ֺʦ̧ȥ׷ԶԶƼӿڵǼֺֻ޺ˡ
Ҷߣ̧ͷʧķ򣬡СɸʶλˣṦǳ뻯
ʶպһˡڰ֡
Ҷ˸ղǱµС£Сɸ磬㲻˵µĲ֣̫ӻүôôûУ
˼Һ룬ûǰζҶԾİĽʲ˵˾û˼ˡ
ҶŹӣһŽˣЦСɸ磬ʱãԼϷݵ̫ˣе٣


9 
Ʋ˵ƣ
Ҷʹͷˡ˿Źӣ˴գСɸ磬ѣ˭ģĸСɾô
̲סһǲǲС˵ˣôͷǵСɾ͵ˣԼĲô
Ҷҡͷ֣һ֪ôȥͷ鿪ʼҾû㻻ͷη紵ɹôһ·˾ͷ첹ٴµġ
οǳ㷻ѣҲ򡣡
һãȻ㷻ʲô
Ҷӹӿ춼ȡǰСɸ磬㷻û˵·ô
㷻ȫ·ͷ·ǵףЩʦ޶ǧ󣬺ö฻̼ҵĹСΪһ·ŶӶҪŵȥҪûұģͨСϰգżҽġ
ɫûȥô֪ǴǼģ
ҶָڣûԹ⻹ûôǼڻѥƣʵģѧġ
Ħڵ·ָǰ͹ƽߣ첻˵
ҶӼټʱ̲סֵСɸ磬Ҫǲ˵ģԼȥ㷻ͭڳȥҹߵףֱ߾ˡ
ߵ㷻ǰʱ򣬻Щ㱡
ɵŵ͵͵͸ݻƷô붼ⲻĵطת̧ߣȴͷСӭ˳
Сһ۱ϳһǳǼңȻЦ齫ȥˡ
ЩӲرȥһԲ̨ŵļѺԱߵļ۸ǩˡ
һѣֻһС˵׬Ǯȵġ
֪ϰǮȴûԼƷѡ
дС˵׬Ǯ֮ãǽֻǴģʵôص֮ˡ
ԭΪ·䲻Լʮͭ͹ˣɵǼ·ٹܹȥ
ǳˣǮ˵
ڹϰٶ༸ΣǮ칻ΥԼˡ
ܹϰĻ⣬Ե޹ʸĺôЩ¡
̨ͷֵƹЦд𣬡չϰλ˰ɣѺʵǼΪƵġ
ԭΪϰ׺ɫƵĿʽʱ¶ʱ˵ĿɹϰȴһҧҪ͵Щģѡ尵ɫĿȷǹϰ۹⡣
ҲãѼƵģʲôһڡ
ûƹ˵ʲôֻʣϰЩ·Ьӣ˶Ǯ
ƹıҭ£ηЦҡͷ⡭ˡСĲ͸¶Ǻ棬ȥʹ
뿪ڵĵ̡
СϣŻ谵͵ƣűʣЩרдϰ忴黰ӾôҲдȥˡ
ڶ죬ȥ¹ɽׯǼ鷿ȥı߾һ¸ˡ
ˣεĸº⣬ѵõ佱мֵܸӵճдúãʣ˶ƫ赱̫ӣԵճ΢ʣΪζ辶д˻ʵ۸ƫЩ
ϳףҴɣɻȴΪµ¶Ϊ䶯
֮󲻹ܳá䣬Ĭǻʵ۶ԵճɢӼΪʮƫ̫ͨ¡ѧϽǫѷ֪Ŵٳľ档
ЦС˵ģΪ˾Լ׫ġ
ڵһСտк£кβ˳ĵĵط˵ҿΪСŽһ
ȴֻҡͷû£ӦֻԼˡ
ֿһ󣬼˵Ҳǿ޳ָϵᣬתʣСⱾС˵ȴЩĿ|£ھʵΪϼѣΪβȥܷͶ壬ȴҪԼͷС̯
ܷδظҽӱ̫ӺүİµС˵ɶͷͱ޸ģӦ·ⲻ
տʼдС˵ʱȻҲ뵽ܷ֣Ͼõƽ̨°빦ܷҪո߱빫ݣйõڵȫĺڻȻûʸͶ塣
ڽͽ֯ͷмұϵ̨ġ
οһɽӵľǴɱ񣬼ȫùһˡ
ͷԭˣСֻԸдԲ޷Ͷܷ֣
ͷ޻
ºأºܵͣҲǿСͿ͡
СӦϱŸ޴Уٴ͵ǰ
ϴοЩУһȥӣֻ̧ͷ
һױīֽ⣬Сȥա


10 
ԭݵɫʱ˼֣ϰ壬Ҳգлϰ⡣
ֻǰͷǴһǿףԼ˽أһֱòϣǲձҲֻܸڿⷿԻҰˣСҲﾡá
ոµУ֪ⷿԻҵ˵վסţȻǼ·һīֽҲͷ⻨Ǯġ
ȻЦţֻЦȴǳϰԼòϣ˱ǣһˣòôϸ
üҲҼȸ㣬űǣαЩģֲֵǮĶûȥò߱㶪ˡ
˼Σ̬ȼɫԽԽ֪û壬ԽдӹСнŵǰϣ˶٣һҾѻˡ
ϰϲҵģ֮ϰôҴҵϸ֧֣¿мġ
ְҵĵһԸΪҵݸѵĶߣҲҵϵĹˣ֮ǰ˵ټٻйҺܿعϰǾ䣬ȴް⡣
ԣǹϰҵдĹϵʼʣʮֻ̿֡
һ㣬ϣϰ¡
ⷬɫһȥʡ֣ЦνʣôòΪɣ
𲢲ػڶñµ˫š
ʵҲȷԼжϾԲԣϾԽǰôʮҲûϲĸо
ЦʲôҲ뱾̸ϲӼƶʩЩ㾹֪ôΪǣ
Щ·ǲñЬѥҵׯӣױīֽ⣬ʵھ㽻ҵ᰹벻ۡ
ͣƬ̣ѹȥ˭ĵӣԴⱾӵİ⣿
㣬ҶûаָоЩֻǿ㡣
󡰿㡱ҧּͷ
һ˫ֽ߬סָǶȻŬάǳЦ⣬ˣȷʵҲ֪ôˣϰǸϣϰ岻Ҫŭ
һ㻹ʸñӶŭ
ã𵭵¸ˡ˵תֱʧҹɫС
ſյĴ뻣ؿβЩ죬֮ץϵУ޺޳ҹȥ
ɫī֭䣬Ⱦǽǵ档
֮ȥһʱѾ¹ɽׯˡ
ڵ鷿ãǽӴݽȥ
ڶһ磬ͭ¸µʱ򣬹Сһǽ֮ľԺ鷿ｫʸ
үһǸղںģһС¹ɽׯ鷿ġ
ȥ¹ɽׯǱᣬֽʸСװ߲ϡõī֭ͷӿǱҪõöࡣ
¶һ飬ȥ¹ɽׯһ̫Ӷү˵黰
һһʱ˼ǧ
Щ黰мСɶԼŨŨ⣬ȷСʼռᶨƵذԼĲ
ʧһǽ֮ͭȥСɣȻ㲢֪ҾǾүԲŻһھܾҵʾãҪһޣ𣿡
뵽ʧЦ۽ǶЩˣ޶ۣᶨάŶǲ۵İ㷢𣬻㡭
»ʶԼʱĻжĪ
ΪʲôСɵ潲˵ĹϵʵĻʱ߳ŭ
뵽һͷٿȻӿЩ͸Ǳд黰ֶֹס΢΢š
ʱΪСһԼûʶǵ㲻ݵ˼
ĶСĶˣ
ЩѡЩį̄ǿСɡ
ѡЩʱСɣյʱڶñµϻḡֵЦʱ΢оһͨдӦеĸ顣
ʶСɴˣǱ̫үʱֻŭɶ֪СɶԼİĽ֮ٶʱƸԹ߰Сϧź
ٷȥС˵еŶΣúСվǰЩĻ
·ܸоСɶñ°ŵ˫黰ʱĴǵ΢
ǣʹָ̧ž࣬ʧЦ
СߣԼүһһɲתתϲٵǳճЦŵõүû°ɣǱС˵С÷˷ɣ
תͷС˫΢⣬СĶԭо


11 
Сʺͷ촽үְǳȥŰɡ
һ䣬أ汾ȥգھҪȥ
СʳǱϻʺ̫ﳤģСûҪòĶ
鶯ζһҪģֻСɴˡ
͹Щ챦ȴͬʻһˣĸõġ
ܵõһˣ
Ǹԭ޽ˡ
˸¡һ·ȥͭ
Сŵںͷ׷үӣ
أſյӣüͷš
ʱӦѾˣС׷һȥӿڵƹݷơӣȵң
ϵڵʱ籧һ̳ƳѾֻԼ׷첹˶εĺѺڶ
ǰһǰ
ϰ塭£
¡
ʱЩѹһģƬ̣ҡֻ뿴㡣
ʲô
㡭ϻȥ¹ɽׯ鷿ô
ӦϰģȻȥ
Ǳá
ϰûµĻ¾ȡ
Сɣ
ǰһ̧ȥ׽ֱۣҡ
ȴֵʱ򴥵㽫ջȥԼ
ԶĶһߵĻҭסˡ
Ĭ㹪һ񣬡ûµĻ¾ˣ¹ɽׯ
ֻڿУηջͷš
ѸʧڵıӰֻøҪһŹ̵ıˮ˸͸
ͭ뿪ֱȥ¹ɽׯһ춼鷿ʮСӷȥؿֱ̫ɽĴ⡣
̧ͷڴ̨ϣһѲ͵ף಻ǰ׷첹ģ½ģֲЬ׶ס
¹ɽׯ鷿˲֪ٴδˣȴͷһš
һʱ˻Ӧ
ֻЩнؿڣҿԽ𣿡
ɡ
ᣬӭȥ̧ȥȴһƿ֡
ָӣգǰ͹ĵģһδҪҪЩ˸һЩʲô裿
ס
⻹¹ɽׯôͷһαϰʲˮġ
ҡͷˣóᣬǽĸ£ϰĿ
ǰһ¹ɽׯǱһεСҲ˱ǰõöֽźī֭
ᣬ˶٣̧ͷʣСɣǲǻΪ֮ǰ˵ЩҡЩĵģûƲ˼ֻǡ
ϰ壬ûϰ岻Ҫġ
û֮ǰûԼͽĹϵԼڹϰеģԼλãҲ˸һˣ˶ѡ
Сʣģ
ͷָ᣺ⲻǰʱ͸ˣֱҸƴ˲ˡ
ڶñµݣֱ治м٣ֻĬĬͷذͷ¡
ǰһΪдͼӴ׵һ¡
ͷ̫˵黰ڴǰжСɵ鶯ӳ֣ʰ
һֻ꣬÷·ʶС̸˳绨ѩµ͸źӲ䦿֬ѩС
վ밸ԶĵطǸģǰһƬ̻㱣ڶñ¡
òŴлع̧ͷȥСɣ㵱Ľˣ
һᣬһʱԼүˣηعǣ¶Ծĸ飬δйƬ̶ҡı䡣
ָĦϵ־䣬ͷˣ£ָѱ÷ߵĽǽ߰ա
лǰһ˽ַƽʱ࣬һ㣬ʮ֮ࡣ
Ȼ̧ͷϰ壬ǣ
ЦСɣĸ£д𣿡
Цϰ壬ϲ
⻹ЩͷһټЦæͷ絷⣺ϲ
д黰۶٣Ҷ뿴
ЦЦҲֻ黰һд棬Ҳ̫ΪЩ
޷ʱд꣬ʱʮ㶨ˡ
ãҾдϰ˵תҪߡ
Сɣ
ֽס
Ťͷϰ壬ʲô£
ûʲôϡϷϷʱעЩȫ
㳯ЦЦлϰѡ֮һԾʧҹɫС
յĴãֱСʱȥЪϢ
ջߣСϲһˣӦŻöԷˣ
⡭Сֿʼڸˣ⣬ְδϲˣҲδϲʵǲ֪
ȴߣģҪ㶫Ҫʲô
Сץ죬²
žЩ͵šüͷ˵˵Ҫʲôʲôѵģʵ˵ˡ
СһᣬԼЩпյ뷨˵ˣְһֱҪ书šǿһҹ֮޵еš
ʧЦţ
СڨЦͷûУүЦˣСľ롣СһְǱүȻϣаСİѱְøõİ취ԲҪš
ԣ˼
СһΪñְҪš
СΪд֣ҪģȻҲǿõдС˵Ķˣ
뵽СÿμʱǱī֭Ⱦڵ˫ֺΪװ˺۵ָ뵽С̯ضǳ֮ơ
Ҫд·ȥСҪһƽ̨
ܷԸСߵС˵ӭжˡ
뵽˫ĿŹ⣬ظһȥҼ׸
ڸ׸ԨʱٸʦҲֱܷĹɶ
Ԩ³ãƨɻûæӭȥ
жûͷˣ
Ԩһ񣺡ѧˣɻã
һʱˣԨǰȥס󣬽鷿ߣͷա
ԨӹǿŻӲʣ壬ֻһ˫ֱ¶˽ϡͣƵĴֲƴʱסϸ۵󣬴̵Щʹ
ЦȴŨʦԼ鷿ȥ
˵գ£Ԩʲô£
һͣԨ
Ԩڰ֣²ԭȶͷӶʲôڿϹǻң
һ£Էϳ׵ԨǴͷֵ׵ģڹʳտ飬ֱѶԨÿÿɶ̾Ϣֻһ仰ɣҲһⴢ֮λ
ǵ治뵱̫ӡ
Ǵ֮λԼģ⻰Լʦ˵˺ܶΣԷȴԸֻһȰϽʵû취ֻöʦŰңүȥˡ
˿̱һ˵ƣЦţʲô㲻ۡ
Ԩڰ֣ӣЩա
㲻ʦֱӽ˵ˡ
Ԩź룬˼һ󣬵ҪܷƸС˵ⲻʲô⣬Ϸһ仰¡
ǺˣȻöԹҽ£
ЦҵһλѣԼ⣬޹ءҼдúãҲãΪⱻûʵڿϧѰˡ
ԨͷЦ˵㾡ܷģȻƼˣϷԵԴЩϢȥͷȥ졣
Ԩл˼ԨнɺãǷв˳֮¡
òϺسţͷ
̫ӵµ
Ȼתͷڵһ´ҴҳԨ񣺡ѧݼա
˵̧ҪȥȴȻ˽ƫǰ
磬þò
̫ӵ¡


12 
˵µˣ˼Ԩֻ¾Լ̫ӵܵˡ
СǸɢӣֻͼ֣ѧϽ
Щʷÿÿһյ蹦˯ˣϰѧʡ޾ǸҪ
СĴȫںѧǶˡ
ʵϼԨöԸ˵Щֻѧϼ棬ѧװʲôģɱȥˡ
µľܵܡ
ѧѧҹη꣬ʼң겻ɢġ
ÿȥ԰㣬˽ϷϷֻȥ̫ⷿѰϹʱ֪ܿʲôطðڳһٸµ˵̬ȰҪʱѧϽҪһʱ̰ķѧҵ
ö֮ʱӰˣѾᵽסˣҹﻹεѧϰϽϸĴѡˡ
ʱԶĬƬ̡
̫ӵ¡ĸ֣üͷɼֹܿǳЦݣ磬ӰȥӲҲͰˣƺҲˣ
СĿڣ󳼡ĺȻ˼
粻ƫƫʱרƵġ
üë⻰ÿնݻἾǼĳͣ磬ôײβģĴʱˣ
֪һʱ֪λشǺá
ԨΧ󳼰ŸΪ糯ʱʷһô
ŽߴջԨ˾䡰ǡ
ԨҷŻȥ㣬ˣãա˸ϲ衣
վſڣԥȸˣġ˵ջת׼
㡣

һĵǼһݼģһǰݼĿˣʲô
ˣҵĳͣſڣû·ġ
ȴ̹ȻͰգòѵڼϣ䣬ЩԳЦ⼾ֻ㣬ȵ컹˰ɣ
ǰҲûȥҹÿζ˶⣬˵ڸҲ֪ʱܻظ˷Σ֪ǿԼˣҲ㲻ѰȤ
ԨѯǷԡ
ԨȻǰڰȥˡ
̶һ·ߵüڡ
ֵ̿Ĳ˼ֳ˼֣磬žͷʱڶС˵£
Ųһͣ㡢Ҳ˵ˣ
ͷͷдҵ֣ˣдõǺܲʮʤ
ʤ
ЦЩΣ߶׫ȡֵĶˣġ
ôصҵ׿쿪|²̸ͷЩֵܸ飬дõмġ
Ťͷϸ㾹С˵
ͷ
һ뵽Լͷһοʱжŭ뵽ҲǱŵ֮һǱʱʵʻǺ飬뵽ǰ¥ͷ
󳼣ǲǶ˼Ҫɱߣ
΢΢һ㶣ΪҪɱǷɷô
㵱û˼
ɫƽҡͷΪִĪԼ˼Ҫ
ˣҿ԰㣬˵С˵ҵʵݣѰѱ
ɫڵÿ£󳼣Ҿ㣬


13 
Ÿһ˫üٿȻģǵЦˣ֣˵Ҳ˳˼˵ģ
Ȼ㲻룬Ҳܱˣαضŭ
粻ֱ׵ֵģ̫ӣһƽϡ
οǱС˵ͦϲģŸأûˣһҪϧġ
ɲֻŵܵܣҪп٣һ
ͲóԹɫ
ߣʣѵûسһˣЩҰݻ꼾ϣɷȥ㸮㣿
ɣȻһڻؾҼ̾Ҫ뿪ˣɵúܡ
Ŷȥδ¹ɽׯ
ܵܣͣƬ̷ȥҪ㱨𣿡
ЦҡͷȻأֻǹĸ磬ˣ㲻㲻ա˵˺һĿ뿪ҡͷ̾Ϣһת˼
ǰ˸ͨĸдˡ
С˵ֳװѾҪʱˣЩѹϰߵˣֻҪϸ
ﴧʮʵڲֻҧϹдˡ
̫ûɽ¹ɽׯ鷿ŴգݼϿ䡣
ֱҹĻʹûеȵ
ݼϣŶȣֱ۳ͷ󣬿빢ϰ忴С˵ʱƵİ͸ģ
ǲԾƬ̺ЦֱԼѹȥһ̾
Ժﴫѵ죬ǹĺá
Ťͷ˳ķȥһڴŮ
ۣٿǹŮȥֱۡ
ȻԷ˵ַؿϴŹǹ֮ǰ¥ǰͷСְɱʦͬš
ЩϾʱ𼸺˶пѵʿ䳡ʼûҵû뵽̤Ьٴ
ϢҪǹվķ׷ȥ˺Сɡ
ŲһͣŤͷԺ룬ô멹ʵֻ¶һԴϹźЦ⣬ü۶״
㳯ЦЦһԾǰջ
ͷЩµˣͻˣ˺ܾ𣿡
ҡͷѣҲյ

ǰȥֱۣҪ֣ȴǰһֱֽ߬ס˵𵽵ûѣԼȥԺеʯϡ
ϴʱѰ˸ɹľˮÿǶյƣʯʱҲżյصơ
ȥ鷿ҲڣҹɫãǱԺ￴ģɺãֱۣվߣ΢΢ƫͷǳЦ
һ˫ڰ׷ˮ⣬ɫյţֶ˹ʣ¼УΪԭȾһĨЦ⡣
ףϰϲͺá
£ƱƸ㳣ȥ绻ƺȣϲƵģׯԼģС㳢
𲻺ƾܣ¾ƱȥЦžٱ
Ǿһں£ڸˬɬȴҪϼ֡
սЩ
ͷţúȡ
ЦˣСɱЩׯϾƽﻹ࣬ʱˣҪǡ
ЦСȡݸ
Ȼ£淭
𾲾һԣŶñĲһȾϺΡ
һ飬δͷٿһ飬Ż̧ͷСɣҶϲһֻһ̫ӶԾүĳƺ̫ԡ
ôЦǸýʲô
ЦүС⼸˽̫Ӹýǡ˵ţǰ߱õıʣм䣬صڼ仰ͷ˺ߡ
ģЦúΡ
룬үСָǴɣôѰգ֪ʡ
ƺҼˣԺдϰİ汾ðɣ۵İ汾ԭ
ͷáݻ
Сӽԣôˣ
ȴЦݸЩСɣȦ⼸䣬ҪԾİ
ȿȿȡ
ĵϰֵֹİôˡɫˣⲻΪֻ
ЦݺǽӲϰ壬ֻдģݰ


14 
ȴʮüʲôСֻ轫ԾһǻֱӽãдЩʱǺ飬Ժ
ЦӲˡ
ԼԾİ⣬ΪС˵һ£һ쵱Ͼ϶ҶЩ黰Ҳġ
ϰҪ˵ĻǳϷĹǸЩ
ҡͷϷݳ飿ֻԾǴİĽ֮飬޵ڶݵóˡ
εӶˡ
ɻûƫƫҪô裬ҪɵԼڵĿӣҲˡ
𿴿ϵᣬٿ˫ڰ׷ӣӲͷƤϡ

ţӦһ
𣺡
ǣϰ塭Σ㲻Ϸ
ĳ򢿴ãҲ㣬㽲ˡ
죬Ҷĸ飬㻹
Сɡִ㽲ЩʱԿô
Щ飬ҿû㣬ŶñҲɣ
ҡͷҿԸܵõ
ĵ糬һҧֱҶĸ飬㻹ô
ֻߵý˰֣絶ʣ˵һ£ұ˫ֵ˼Ҳˣ˼Ҫֻһ˿͵ڶ˿
ҶˣΪȴӶ
һ꣬ΰ췸ˣ̲ס飬һƤԼҹдʱôûԻܶôΪ׬Ǯʲôȥˡ
ŵ˫ЩϹЦ⣬þ÷ع૵СɣûӶҶ֪
𣺡
֪ʲôˣ
ҴСгձ㵽գСɣİ汾֮жٱ㶼ҵ㡣
𳤳һתҪϷ뵽һ磬תʣϰ壬ׯ֮ǰλƢ̫õֹ˭𣿡
ңѿڶ˵ׯƢõֹǾֻһˣǸžˣԭڹʱԵġ
ϵˣûϵõô𰸡
ͷôк£ճײôⲻǡ
æֻ֣Ǻʡ׼뿪
СɡȴٴνסʶԸ⣿
Ⱦˣüϸǧ𣡡
üͷšһ飺ΪΣʵǸദˣ֪İӦҲδ֪
֣ɲأǰ͹ϰ͹ˣҶԾ˼ĽȫҵģҲҲԸϣϰҵƬģҪΪҡ
⣺ɶһĶϣԷ֪ҸӦ𣿡
ҡͷֻĶᣬҰѾ衢΢ȥˣͲҼˣΨּˣǷݰ⣬ϰ壬鰮𣿡
ʣȴײŹˣϰͻȻѣϸ룬ֻ߰һͨˣԼûԼڽʲôϰôס
ȴͷˡ
𣺡ⶼף
ֻƶǶ룬ԼʱֻǶСЩĶҲ֪ǺθоԲŲȫСɲԸԼ뷨ա
ԸСɵѡ
ϾСֻЩ鶯Ѿ˼ҹ룬Сɰ裬֪ҹҹʱǺζĲﲻСɣֻܵˡ
ˣұ㲻ǿˣСɣʱҪ˵
ŵһлһԾݶʧ
û뿪ѱ¹ɽׯѰ˹ңͷֱصɫ΢Էɽׯ
һ·Զţƹ˼εɽ·󿴵ҽһǶɽеİ
Ϣ׷ȥǰű߲鿴һ㽫ű߽ǴһǶͼһ󣬴ɫʱתȥ
ҹǰϵͼɸ봫ʦ֮죬˸ϸ³ᣬʼ¹ɽׯŹҡ
ɳ֮⣬ṳ̂¹ɽׯ벽
ŹҵĿյҲԶԶ鷿
Ƕһ鷿ϷȥСᣬһһ죬ӴŵĴȿؿݵĲա
ſűԹЦżҲڴݼ
ֻԶԶţԼ
ǰͷǴᣬʱ̶ԼݣС˵µʱ䣬档
ȴƲסԼſݼͷĶ
ЦʱҲ̲סЦ빢ϰĺϲˡ
ȥͭµǸ磬ٴǰľ߿ʦ
ûԼĵ˵ˣȷ¸ûϵһϢ˵˿Һͷֲˣǰȷǳͼ꣬Ҳİơ
Щ
ǻϵڻʵһˡ
ʥϣΪʲôôСдֶ֣ѵǰɱ¶ˣǶǼǰˣΪʲôôòŶ֣
οǻҪΪԼɨϰǲӦȥɽĹ̫Ļһɱ˹ʲôã
ţһСվǰ
СֵܷĻƣš


15 
ܷ֣ţ
ɽŽдšС
ֵСƼűһܿˡ
ŲͷֵԼȥפֵǩԼд֣ƸдܣҪȥֱ
ţ
չǺֵܷͮͮĴһģ룬԰СӿΪʦˣֶܷפдˣ
ŤͷʦӦȥ
һʼҵܷҪͶʱ򣬶Է̬ʮֶһҧΪʲôͻȻһٰʮȴת䣿
ʲôҲûôͻȻ͸ԸƸȥפд֣
Ρ
ɤŵϻܷʲôطǿͳѧɢأͷҲȥģǵˣǳפд֣⹻Ϊʦزڴţƴһˣӳ˲ȥ
ܷ˵ֵ鼮
ǿԹȥдԺҲԼֳװˡÿθҪһٶ౾ѾдٶȵļˣǱضŲס
ɷΪЩܷԼ᲻թʦ㲻ͷʲôı𣿡
룬ţȷܣʲôˮڣΪʦ̳ĵӣ㵱ʲôµģôСѾ͸ѵˣͱ˵Ϊʦͽܡ
ʦǰ¶Ժ飬Ц֪ˣʦģ϶
ûеգʦزڼ鰵ɱһֱ֮ȥܷܲ¥
ľʴ¥ռһ֣㣬ͬ鼮ͷһֹԱİ칫
ֱȥ¥Լϵָһǰͷ
ȷֲŲͬķ䣬ͷдŲͬŵ֣С鲿徭ʫʲʷȵȡ
ڱŸŴүŲ迴С顣
ƳһС飬ֿŴүǵķߣүʱôߣ
үŲæߴС̧ĶñӴСɣ
ϲ⣬û뵽ﾹܿԼۡ
һŹݳЦˣô㾹ƸˣЦӦЦúãðԺҪ¾ͲȥͭͷŶӵˣǶԽԽˣϹͷȲס
һ󣬶ԷΪָȾͷֱߵһ䷿ȥﱨ
߽ȥ̨Ůӣһ곤ЩһͿźҶӲࡣ
ŮӭĴ磬ЦСɣӭ̣ʱˡ
̴ְҵЦȥңѯǷǵԼ
Լݹȥͷ˵ܡ
̱Ա߶ľϳһļ͵ǰǰΪ׼õĲϣĿǩΪĻû⣬ڴǩֻѺκĿϵ⣬֪𡣡
ǻĿͷβһ飬ͷרΪƸһĿ㹫ʡ
û飬ǩ֡
ЦŽļһ񣺡ӭֵܷ֣ǳפд֣Ҫʱܲ࣬ôֹԱͳһʽװ
˵գһ¹дšСɡǸȡõĹϷһߡ
ߣЦһˡ
è
ɧɫ
ʲôƷλ
𿴿ߣٿ̣ȫÿһϸ㿴Ǹں
ЦЩΣһۣѹһյǰССʵڶԲסΪͷ֪ͨüǰִûҪ׼ߵҹȥгΪɹģʱѾˣʵû߿õ
ִĿ⿴𣺡ܲίһ£ҹЩһ²һЩ߹
ߣǵĲɣ
Ӳվǣÿһ鼡ⶼڿߡ
̼ССɸ硭һ°ɡ˵ҽҲֻǵյֵҽӴĵһλְԱǳ˲ӣҿҲȥˡ
ӲŮ˿ޣʱŵûæ·߽˵֮ǰһһ𣿡
ᣬͷСģһȥɹ
һŷ۵è̴߱ų˱
һܣǰ鼮ͷֳĲͬŵİ칫
һԺٽֱܿڵĲôûڶŸСۺأ
̱æӦãǷײҹ
쵽ȳڴŴүǰ
Ŀԣ˰Ρ
ߣܱ°
𣺡칫ңҲܱ£


16 
˵ǰ칫ң̧ٷײˡ
ͷʱŵһӺͷӣ̲ס뵽ǰѧʱ򱻰ηȥǶӡ
ײһԱߴٷ֮٣ɿŴүһ֦˿ŴүͲںۺèĹϡ
ʱԼĶͷ˾𲢼Ӻͷڶ๤ԱĿ⡣
ԭȿڱעĿ񻹼ڣɻߺȲĴүʣûʱҲȾиȸ߸ϣ˫ͷһƹˤģ
裬⣬ڿС飬ڿ
ΪʲôǲŲ칫Ъˣһ䡣
ߴСջèôôͲ칫ˣͨáҰ뷽㣬ͷķõöࣿ
ǣ㿪ľͺãЦΣϰʱһֱС飬û⣿
㶮ʲô壬˭ǷײأĸΥҲû취ֻӲͷƤˡ
ͷʱõ˿ûͷƤӲˡ
̽ʣ֪ΪʲôͻȻ⣬𣿡
ȿڲ裬ͷҲ̧ص֪˵λ￴ĺϲƼ˼ϣϿֵܷĴɶһ仰ͱƸ¼ˡ
ĸ￴ҵģ
Ż̧ۣչȥ֪
ͷ롣
Ц֪ĵĴǰҳ򣿡
ǣʲôûЦ顣
üͷ΢û壿ǰϸٸҳ򣿡
ǣϸʲôûЦøˡ
üͷšøˣϸٶûУǴأٸҿʵڲйҲа
ǡ
ôٹŶûУˣһֱŸأ
èߣŸÿȥͭŶӵſأ
ǺסҡͷָЦԺˣ
һڲ裬һɡ
ϵĲ豭ߣҸ㣬֮ڲϸٸĸӶָҸͨˡ
ҲôϸɣôЩûٶдˣҲô𾢣
ҡͷС̯ʱôҲܣȻҵĲţͱҪϸ٣򲻸ۡ
֪ͲǴˣҲᱻǣôһ磬һ¹涨ֳ֪ô
֪֪أײֻ˵㡣ƶ
ײˡ
ǰԸܻ˹أΪǲΪôУ˵ǲǣЦЦ
λʱҿ˰ΣֻЭߵֽͱʣʼ˼ڤ롣
ʱܿȥɹֽϡϸ١ˡϸ٣
ϸٺͷС㣬ʼĬĬ°ʱ䡣
ͷèٿ߬סߣ¡

͵̧һסϸ̧ͷϰ壿ôˣ
ͷϵķۺèЦÿģߣǿɰ
ȿȿȣԱ߿ŴүˮǺסλСӣ氡
ǳЦһ£ֿè֡
ʮεؽѹȥˣö˿ء
ڳΨһöˡүһվߣ˵һʧˡ
ϰôҵģ
㲻ƹǰ˸ʾ˵ԺС˵ֳܷˣұˡ˵ʱʼδŲ
ͷжǲһ
ЦЦϰרҹʲô𣿡
£㲻ôʡ
ЦȻ
һֿۣľ㲻ǳפд֣ΪβͷȴҪ·ڣ
ͨáҰ뷽㣬ͷķõöࣿүĻ
ͷƺϿ˵ʣСԺ칫ˣҿԳô
ǿԣҸҲûдŸ°ĸ»ҪЩʱдġ
ҡͷްҿ¥²ˮдҿŵ㡣
ЦЩΣԺĹضǷǳˣһʱҡһ߸ۣ˫춢д޸塭ǳ˲
ЩӲЦݣֻĬˡ
ͻȻ뵽һ磬ʣǹϰϵֵĴɶϣƸߵ𣿡


17 
ȻֻǳЦҡͷǡ
治ǣȴš
ЩĻţЦЦҡһЩ£ˣ㡣
뿪ıӰĵԼһ䣬ϰҲ֪ʲô
ûǹϰģ˵ϰǮϾֻǸɽׯĹ£ôöڸ׸ġ
ﵽ˭
һ룬һ漱ҴȥҰѹ߻ֱȥǰٹҵǴɽһҹ
ڶʱǷ졣
˱Ũݹȥȥˣ
ţһҹ
ͷ˵үҲδظš
ҡҡͷûСˡ
Ÿֽϸٺͷ㷢ϸٵ£ܻôȸͨ£
ҡͷһҧûϸٲͨ˵㼱ʲôҰǰͷǲ½ύ߲ȥˣҪȸ߲ͨȳǲݣھд½ڣҲû취ֱӷͷȥġ
Ȼԭˡǲżдϸˡ
ͿԲüдϸˣѾˣԼ
һʱҳªֽǰ˼ڤ
ȥμи߲ʱֳǰ̳ׯľơ
æӭȥƽЦлˣǿƸš
źɫ߿ʧأ
ޱʧЩ飬Ǹ⣬Ժ󲻻ˣ֮󶼻ˡ
ŶӦ˵ȥͷˣСдµĸ£ҡ
ӦĿ뿪ϵЦþûĨȥƸҪȣͷϱˡ
̧ͷɢŭĿ
ֹ涨칫ʱƣŵûæ̳ŵȥһûȡ
ԶʳԼλϣ
ʶؽһ̳ݸ
¾̳͹¶ǡ
ȡͷСѡ
޺޽һֽˤǰŻϣҰύС˵ǰͷʮۡ
ͨ𣿡
𣺡ͨˡ
Ǿͺáһ
øƨֱǸֽϣԼ޸ʲôʺ
㽫Ǹֽͷкֶһ飬Ҳźˡ
޸Ҫȥ޿ɺǣɾȻҪͷ漰鰮Ĳȫɾ
üͷɸ֣ûа飬ǲǷѳûеţûţ⣬ǻëߣ
ǣһҲô˵ģŸͷǰӶϴˮˣ˻
ǳȿһۣû˹Żһʣǲͬ޸ķˣ
𣺡ֻϴˮ
ȿȣô˵
ûۡһͷ
ƣۻᣬҿһμ𣿡
˼һ󣬡˵ֻи߲μӣص۵С˵Ϊ˹ȥҲû⣬Уһȥɡ
˾ͳһַķˣ뵽ͷ̲ˮĹϰ壬˹ȥ
ˮһСľ˿ͿϾ֮ãʱС⣬ͷֻһˡ
СľƴһͷڵȫǾƲˡ
ߣŷۺèСߣߣÿġ
ӭȥСɣ˴ͷ¥˾Ʋ˴Щ
ߡ
ЦÿģҴλ̹ġ˵־߰ǰ˱ȡ
һѹȥһˣϰƷˡ
ҡͷڣԼҲԵģΪ˫ˣСɲضġ
һˣҲƾܣЩнһ󣬡ϰ壬һֱҵĸҲдøЩطСŲϰԺǻ¹ɽׯҰɣ
ȴϣϲȡ
ЩΣֻ۵ĿĲ
˳԰շȥңһ۱㿴˸Ϥס
Ҳһۿñǿ׶ôײдҲʸμи߲Ļˣȥ
ЦôдҲʸ˭μӻˣȥ˵˶ëã
㡪ָӣ˶٣Ťͷֵľֳһۣվʱ˶첻׵ʧͷдֵݣһ˦䲻ˡ
ֳ˵һ
ܷ־ֳǸʮָŮԣأκλΣΣ֣ףĬμӻ顣
μӻʱڲˮ¶С˵Щ黰ٿᡣ
ϹǳЦ˫΢΢죬δ˿
عȻ̧ͷ˫ϤüۣɫٿЦɢȥˣ󳼡ôѰģ
лҪ˵컹һ~


18 
üëֲܷ˫к֣ˣǰŶҲģ񾹻̣
ԼܵжƱ磬ġ
ǰڼǴԸһΣɴʱٱԷϣʲô˵ǣҲˡ
󳼣ھͷ߶ңʡ
ʶƵҲţ򶨵ͷҹĸ簲ΣͷţҪΪң
Լܵˣ۶ǰϤİˣ㾿˶ߣͷУ¹ɽׯͷУ¥ͷҲˣǲǣ
ҡͷ̹أֻͷˣҲôöѰˣ㵹ң֮¹ɽׯ¥ͷҲ÷żˣҲصȵҲ֪ˡ
Ǻ󳼣㾿ҪʲôǴ֮λѾøˣ㻹ԸŹô
üͷ磬˴֮λѵҶ֮ǣˣʮֵ飬ʲôˣ
ֳսЩŲţġܴҲ䣬ûиڹУҲȤˡ
һ
룬ǰڹܱܵ߳ץС˵Ϊ֣ˣûè׽ϷˣèȤˣûԸԸȥè棿
ǲµ˼ɫһ磬֪ԹҴǰ㣬ֻ㵱ʱǴĲѡһ̫֮λʱŬ̶ȣηڣҲΪǰ;Żնش㡣
Ƕǹȥˣѷ֮λԺܽ㣿Ҵ˺Ȼٱֻ֣ϣֳҶ˵ֵ֣Ҫͬİ·ߵҲĵز
ԳĬΣ׻ּõܵģֻ̾Ϣ󳼣ȥ£ȥɣԺ󲻿ˡ
ЦŻ磬һԣ
ͷš
¥ң˾̫͡үҪҪɾиϷࡣ
зۿ𣺡ȲС˵ֳ̧ܷ㣬ĪҪ㲻ʶô
̰С˵ƾʲôͽвˣ
ֻƳһۣתֳƾһ񣬡ֳҶһ䣬Ϊܷ߹ߣͨװС˵˹Լд
ƾ΢΢һֻͣһδ˻׫д
ʣǾֳʷѧ˹Լ׫ܳдٱ
ƾ˼һ󣬵ԼԼ׫ߣٱ
ֽɨһ飺ֳˣͬŸˣظλ䶼ڸȺ飬ȴͨװС˵һĿ
Ȼǵͷˣ˭ֻԸԼ׶أڽЦÿλү
ֿؾֳȻˣ¾ãΪ֣гΪµĴгǶȳӦӦɾĲ֣ӦⷽķײԱĻΪҪοŶԡ
ƾ˼һͷСԣȷЩ
ںԣȴص·дֲּ죬ֵ֪гǺòˣ̸ֽˣ
𲻻Ųæǲ̸ֽԲ֪ˣǿϼǰͷһ½ڣг죬ȷҪҪĺͷݣΣ
⽨鵹Ǻ˶ͷͬˡ
Ҳͬˣȴ̲ס㷽żôб£ڴԼǰͷϼܺͻ٣־ݣȷԺС˵κ޸㶼յȫգа飬⵨
ҡͷСˣٱʲôҪͶǧ
޲ɼ󣡡ŸǱǧճ
ҳŲ붢𿴣ڿһϡ
£
̾Ϣ̫ᣬûоĶ򣬲֪ߵغ񡣡
ǣͲˣҾˣŸġ
δšһԣҵſôӮ
ܷġЦЦʱ䣬ˣֱʰ¥ȥˡ
¥ԶԶˮͷһűٿͷ߶˸ˣ˾ֹΪ
ЩܶǾٶЩȴֱƽ벽ǲ֪ô̧Ҫȥķڡ
һ䣬ȥסš
ɱܳȥöԷʹг

ǳ⣬µһ⡣


19 
ȥٶ̫죬Ӧعӿˮ䣬ѵˢˢϡ
С׷ȥٶȳ鵶ڶͷϡ
˭ǽûȥļǳ⡣
˶Ȼϵүǳ⣬һʱЩΪѵؿ
ӱĵ̫ܳ״Ҳ˿𣬴̿͵ıƻסвȻɿڰ֣šסļֳѹѹͷ졣
ʹɫҰףȵ˭ǽģȥ
˵𵶣ͷӦǣȥˡ
Сյࡣ
δ֣ʣʲôˣղΪʲôԹϰ嶯ֶţ
ϰ壿ŤŲӣ
ǰһվ࣬˸ѣ̫ſͣѰ⣬Ϊ֪¹ɽׯĹ£ͨҸͶү°ɣ
¹ɽׯ¡֣۶
𣺡̫ӵˣѹֿžһӻˮ
ô˵˻ҲգֻεȰɿ
̬ȵԣ빢ϰʶģ֣ɻǳǰһ˵Լ
½󣬿𣺡ʲôˣ
أСɡ
ߣ
΢΢һ񣺡ţ¡
ߴŲϣ֣ģ
ش˰벽øʵЩֱֱܵô
ֻЦ
ֻǹŵĲ´ЬģǵҲͨģֻεˣһиˡ˵Ųȥߵʱɫˣȥɣ
һѽأȥ
Ƴһֿʣô˵
ȻԥЦأҸСһȥ
̾һ㡣뿪ˡ
Զˣţôģгܣ
𻰣ЦʣСλȥ
ʵָƥһƥ
ͬһƥ𣿡æʡ
ЩŤһܻЩСô죿
ҡͷҲ¼ֻҪСɲͺáСڳﻹЩ£һׯϡ
ڴģֻӦȥ˺Ժǡ
С˾ȥıӰû뵽仰Լ͡¡ˣһãȻͷĬĬŷۺèСߣתȥʱϵˡ
Լͷһǣ¹ɽׯȥˡ
һ·ţַʵСϣűðյͨ죬۽üЦ⡣
ϰ塣Ȼ
ţתͷȻײ򢣬ͷһŻֽͷתȥ
̫ӵԶЩ̫ӱˣҪκνӴ
ΪΣʶ̫ӣ
ʶһĻģôsô˼ˣ֣ƭ˻Ǯ
ŴǵͷţҼˡ
˸ϵ¹ɽׯǰȷֱȥ
̫ˣҲ̫ϸһҲûС
ͻȻðôͷŵæ֣ճȭȴȻȴС
ҿȥɡɽׯŷ򣬼мӭ˳
Цȥֿ㡣
šҲЦţĿȥ
ȥһ񣬵ڶԱ߹ǷûϹ
㲻ȥ˸õģÿɣ
Ƴһۣôӻɫϵģ
ЦһǲǷϲ˵϶ȫǽȻôϸپдֹ֣֪𣿡
̿ɥҵС˵ԷУܲͨͨڣ
ͷУ㼸հա
Բһ˫ۿ̫߳ˣ
ҡͷȵȥĶпʵʱȻʵʵҽˡ
ٵ°ʱ˵ᶾʲô
һС˵ͷӡɲᣬʽͷϼܣһգᡣ
ŻձװдŵǸ塱֣һյ蹦
Ц𣺡ζĪҪ˵ˣʮա߰գҲﲻǧˣ˵̫ԿֻԼ


20 
šüܰǧĻ㴵ģгˡ
ܲռһ֣жʮ㴰ڣÿմӿŵдڶûϹˣԹÿÿڰ˰ٱң㰴ٱ㣬һվ۳ˣȥЩĹ飬Ĵ󲿷ֶǿС˵ͻġ
ţҵĹ¿϶ڳ۵С˵ô㣬ҵϼ֮ûһǧҲһһǧϵɣٲüٱҲеģͷƳֳᶼϰһôܵɹģ˷ֻ屾ˣ
°રઽ࣬Цҡͷһڲ裬ܷʵδˡ
ҡͷԣһĸڳˡ
ͷͣţһĸڳˡ
֪ˣ
б𣬶˶٣²룬߳ȥ
¥̣ͷһŵܣ֮һͨ϶顣
һ¥ƽλӣŵĶʷ徭һ鼮Ҳ֪İɣһܵʱ
֪
ǩԼдԭᣬǷڶ¥ߵⲿܵģҲ֪ʡ
֪
֪ײ鶼ģٴʡ
ס˿ڡ
ûעײġ
֮ǰ¿һܰڷţ߶С˵ʫʸ踳һ鼮ֿÿ϶鼮ĿϸĵҪȥҷײ飬ˡ
Ŵвһ·ȥһϸţߵͷüͷѾɸ֣ͷûзײС˵
Цֹû߽̣һͨװС˵㣬ҵõô
һ̧ۣ׼ȥңסˣһҲҲģȥ
˴һƵĹߵͷΪѾ·ߵʱ򣬾ֳһխССǲͨͦոܲܡ
СͷһСͣ
ţѵشСͷݸ
һͷдŵԼ̧ͷطԺŲ˽Ǯʡ
ЦҡͷˣȥɣҼһ
ּȥصߣüʣ֪Ϊʲôң
㱻ʵǸģ¶롣
ҵǲΨһұˣܿģ
ҡͷбƤһС߲ˡ
ȴû˼ЦΪʲôײֵܱطͲȥȡЩλӣ־ôгǮȥ
²ֹ˵ģǰܲɵʱ򣬼źԺǰѧιۣƫϵ¥˷ײ飬ͷӶʱҪŵܶԶͶԶ
ɶˣͷٲԸհˡ
Ĭˡ
𣿷Ļȥֳ飬۰Ȿİ鲿ɾһٽ
룬ҡͷŵڶ죬ʱҲ̫СЩ
Цߣ㻹ҿɾ㣬ÿܵİڷŶǸ߲۶ζģǿиģҪգͿԾ̸ǻؼˡ
֪취ܵġڰ֣٣
һ㣬պǵûС
ڰ֣ͳֽʣȱȻ˰Σţȥˮ͹ϰ彻һ˵ʱһˡϻ
뿪ֱܷ֣ȥ磬Ҷڴơ
ҶԶԶ𣬳վɤźӴⲻȫĽô
ЦһֿܷӡɲС˵ͷп𣿡
Ҷһ̳Բһ˫ۿָԼţңСɸ㿪Цôֺʮˣʲôʱûչ
Цų֣ھ£ҶӸʲô£õң
𽫴ֽչݵǰ
Ҷӽͷչȥ滭˸ʮϸָͼͷдšײڶдż̫үı
ãȻ̧ͷɶ
ֽҷô


21 
԰ҶһڴӦһֽȥؿС˵Ĵһͷһμء
ǰڽյĴЩĳ̰ٻĳ·ֻΪԩٴ˵ģ⻹ͷһοôĴ
𣺡ͰͷܳÿһŸʮǮ𣿡
ɶǮãһŶʮǮҶӵԲһ˫ۿ𣬡Сɸ㷢ˣ
Ĳƣڰ֣㲻ùʧҵˡ
զˣ̯ˣҶգգۡ
İԱѲߵĲ·ߺȲһֿۣҶӣôвУⲨܷܲȫˡ
İɣϡҶظ֤
˼֣Լ֪ļ۵Ӷһ飬¿ӡС˵ͷְԼֵǼϷ۽ˣæ
ھŶۣ˵ÿ鶼ֵأͷͻϣȴϲģҲϧš
֪ѣ˶ǵһʱվڴӦ
һҰ߳ʱ̧ͷһɫһůۿЩˡ
˼뵽ϰ壬ˣ
ˣˡ
Żű֣ͿռֵĴ¥ʱһƬֵֻļյĹ⡣
һۿӰǰʯϣƵĵƹǳ¹ϣΪͷһߣҶȾ⡣
ǹ̫֣Сᱻ̯˷࣬ȵ̫ãʵȤЩɵصͷߣɫСϵһè
ȥǰͷ˹ϰ壬Բ𡭡
߽ԭɢ˫ͫ˹ʣʱЦü״Сɣˣ
ûյԭԤһʱЩ޴룬˶٣ŶԷ԰׵ͷıͷҹôڵϣ
ͷЦ
𽫶Էϣ쵽У뵽ʲôסѱεݲȥˡ
ֱֽ̧ǶгȥԼˣ˵ллϵ¶ȣ
ںɫµüչ𴽽ǣ֣ߣȥ
ַģֱ߬סʱ©˰ġ
ʱµϼ룬ܸоǴȵƤԼָʱĴУͷ
̫ãһ˫Ĳȳǰȥ
û㣬ֱӽסˣŻˡ
˫ֳţŨܵĽëֱ¹Ⱦϲ˪͸ִ
һʱ̧ȥë¶飬ָҪʱִջ֣ɿٶ࿴һۣת߰ɡ
ȥǽǣԼںͷʱһ䣺´ϰ岻صңϺڣһ˲ȫ
šͷסʵСۣ¶ۼس῿ȥ
СڽĿԶ̾ҡͷתȥˡ
ղŵ˵ʱȰԼүöΣ˵ͷ䣬ȥϵȣүҧ˾Ҫſڵȡ
ſڵȾͰˣࡣ
ͰˣͣԶЩ˿
ԭƣүĳ
ڿͬһ¼۵ӰСȻ
үͶͱֶΣĿ࿴
ڶһ磬Ҷʮ飬ÿбǰһõĴֻδţſڣʼ·˷ַﲻߺš
ŸϰʱԶԶǲߺһ׼ƿǰţӺŽȥ
ҶȴϷŹÿ·ˣֱӽŶˣһŴ߹·Ҫ
ŽšüϲмɫЩҪǴһŶˣ̧ۿҶӳ࣬˲λմ伸Σ˼ң
棬ʲô
Ҷӱһ˭ʲô£
Ц½̧٣ʮȽǵĲŶԷӾǰˣûϳ𣿡
Ҷ˹Ƭ̣ڼʣԶ㣬͵ˡתȥˡ
ֽ̧׷ȥֱ۱˹סʹ
վ࣬أ컯յģҪҪ
Сɸ磡Ҷӿ̴չ
Цôôˣ԰
ҶһԺأɵúúлҰɣ
ЦӦ£лҶӣŹʹ϶Է֡
ŽŽ˦һĲӮ䲻𣿱ֻʹЩĵֶô
ǳЦһ˫ȴģҾ㣬˵עЩ
𲻿ʱɱǳأ˿ѹŹŶĿͷȥ
Ƴһͷļˣ̲סֺЦһΪСôˣ󲿷ֹ˿;֪ײС˵Ҳᵱȥġ
ΪȻҲ֪ǰӲŲȥ򣬲Ϊ뿴
бЦк𣿷һȥģպϱգ˵һ˦¥ȥˡ


22 
Ŀ͹¥Цҡͷ
ΪͷһֶΣҲδ̫Сˡ
¥̶ʮѾ½˿ʼӪҵӡĴڱϵţܿ쿴ͷİ̵СԼĪʮ˺ƺƵ߹
ʼĵϷۣЩϤŸõѹΪųӵģͷЩ
ӭǰȥʮȥͷЩĵطְǰһİŴԽһ顣
СǶʮȥ¥ߣͼָʾλҵܣȻҪŶӹ飬ͷһͷƷǰͷȡ飬ܾͿճµĶʮ˾ſڵŹԱˡ
ŶӵʱվÿһЩҪáȻˣܷһݼֳȲʱĽ̬Ǹá
Сʮ˵գȷÿ϶ǴʣΣλ
İСɣĻҪʲôݼǱɫݣ
ʮˬӦֱ֣¥ȥˡ
ִаȡʮ¿ӡᣬµʮÿ˷λŶǶʮλҪһЩתĻţ
ÿ飬һ˶ڣĿˣʹǰȥóѯǷҪײ³С˵ԷһھܾǴʾˣǾ͸ΪⲿְӲ¥Ĺ˿ṩ񡣡
꣬˱Ƿס
ǰһʱʵѾϸ͹һˣʱʮȻͷƶá
л˼ˣֵǹԱҵģأҲֱӳǽӴκĻȥѯһλ̵Ĺ쵱ֵͷǵ⣬Ȼתҡ
Χ£һʮ˶ӦˣֵˣĿʮ뿪ԼӺ¥칫
ȿүĲ߸Լ˱Ũ裬֫չϣ˻
ү߹һյνǣСӣ𾡹Լȣһȥ
æ˲͹ȥ
ƳһۣͷộŪģ
Ժءšһ
ЦĻǸš
ȭ
С飬˵ͷĻҳ̧ۿ𣺡ЩСֶΣ̧ܰٱȥҪڴﵽǧ»ЩѰɣ
ҡͷһЩͷиۻЧӦԵģİɡ
ӱһУ㣬ұ칦ˣ
Ӧֽʼдġ
Ҫϸٸˣĸ»֪ʲôʱӡУһ˼ʼΪϰд˽
ֲֿܷױģ
ԭʽĶ¥̼˿ˣһɨյ塣
֣ȴùСͷۡ
ǰûʲô¥ˮ䣬ҪΪү峡ʮףʵ̫࣬ӣҪ߲ˮЪЪŵġ
ͷ˹СǿӦʵĶˣǵüЩģ㿪ʼž˵ˮ̵ĹֲǼģβ˽ȥ
ͷĳӭʣ£
ͷ˽ͷſһ飬ϹаЦСɾõǿεúܣѹֲҴŲ˿ǣ
ͷǴͷ˵Ҳ̽ͷһʱЦ
С嵶ڴͷ˲ϣԲѷǹӵǸ
ûϵ˵ҹȻְεЦݽסŵʲô֣ûˣ
̾ϢסС򣺡Сѵˡ
СһӡԸôյ
ˣҪ¡
СײΥүֻõˣҧˡ
ףǸʧˮλҪñǡ
˵գתҪߣֱ۱ͷ׽סˣҪߣû
˻˵һ룬ʹ
šǰһǰҪ£ȥ֡
˼ŹԱƷֱЮĳѹȸеɱ壬ҲҶ˵ʲôڨڨȻɢˡ
һ̣ϵˣŨŨЦ⣬ẰСɡ
ֱ۽ȥֻԽԽ࣬ϰԺҪˮˣʡñ鷳
Ҳ¡
¡
㲻ˣֻ̧µһ


23 
پԼʧˣŸɿһĿڵϰΪ˵ҵĸ²̵ģǳʲô⣬һΡ
ȴеʧһ
𣺡߰ɣ¹ɽׯ
ֵĹ
û£鲿Щģٻ
ۣǺܲģΪǵȸУֲҽͰѸĲдЩ͵ׯȥ
ϻҪȥׯӸ͸£ŵͷӦˡ
̧ͷС
СæֻصڳﻹЩ£Ͳһȥˡ
ЦСڳࡣ
СЦΪҼҹӣû취
Լؿǰסֱۡ
ܸоõԼȥʱԷѾ֮ǰֱ˼䱸عˡ
ֻǺСһı䣬ȴ⡣Сɲǰˡ
С˼Ȼһ֪ҲǰеЦ⣬Ҵҽ͵ɽׯſڣֵЩæۣҽ°ЩҪɽׯܻЩϰ岻صңҰѸ´鷿ݽȥˡ
Ӧˣ֮ǰһĿŽׯӡ
۷ȥ¥үΪд˽
СĿյͷչдģ룬ʲô汾ô֮ǰôû
ֽ̧廤ֱͷܣ⹫˽ܰ汾
ֱӴֱͷӳ߾ٵһ
һԾǰǸ
ܿ죬ɿ첻ү׽ؼʵٶȡ
ۿС˵ǽС˵д鰡˵ɣĸõģ
üͷšԼи˼⿴ĺ飿
ŵ㣬ѡȥ׵ľ顣룬СӶļҹﶯˣҪϲһ̶ȣȻдôĻ
𲻴ɫȴ
ǵԣδʶԼʲôʱʼϰͼӴ׵˽¾ͱ¶ǵĸˡ
ʱѣŻȻдùˡ
뵽֮ǰɽׯ鷿ǰͷԺʯϣϰ߳ܶ԰׵Σʱŵô˸̧־ͰѸ鶪ˡ
ȣһֽ̧֣Žﶪⲻдͦõ¶
ʼ˼ôôԵõһЩЩ
ִչ˵СãϴλСӰɣС޸ɲǳ
Ƴһֻ̾ʼԼ˽ݡ
ձ͹ʱǵžһ°ǰСӣ
̧ͷԼС˵˰ʮű
˵Ȼû취ڹ涨ʱǧĿ꣬ĿѾԶԶԤˡ
Ц
ѵҲ̫磬ɹԶء
ȴ̧ͷƶңѾɹˣ֮ʲôҲҪӮǶľ֣ѷײĻȨûɡ
ǧĿܴܲﵽԶûôţ
ϿһɳǻһеĵʶǼرĵʱûܰס
̲ס룬ʱһܶ±㶼ˡ
ݵʧ֮ЦˣãǶ칦磬ɱˡ
һġʰ˸µ壬¥ȥһǰǡ
屶г۵ǮΪÿ˷˱꣬˿ϰæǳģͼǮȻ𷢵ıꡣ
ȴִҪ˵ǿ㽫Ǯ£Ժչ⡣
ʮ˱ˣȥСİ̳ҹҶһڽ͵Ĵһǰ칦硣
ź̳ƣۿ죬ҡվˣһ
ⱲʲôˣҧŹˣӲᡣ
ͷһκۣΪˣֻΪۡ
ûǴһʼ֧ңѵʱվæûСɵĽ졣
ҺεºܣһۣһȺѡ
ҺˣҲܸм
ҡл
˵գ̳һˡ
С˺Ц:ôлأд¸²лˣ
˵ЦҲ׷׾ٱˣһͷĵ½ɢȥ
װһӾƣһ·磬¹ɽׯ鷿ݶ˶Щ㱡
ݼϣ˶ȷ鷿һƬϰӦѾ˯ˣֱһԾߣ׼Сӵݽȥ
һӰӺڰл߳𿿽
𾯾ͷӳıһϮɫ·âۺᡣ

𵹳һѪҺ˲̣һԾݶ۵糸ݼׯͷȥ
Сɡ
ԺһϤ
߱ڵ˫ٿסƬ߷ͣסתۣ֮˵ò
ϰ壿ô⡭ǡ


24 
żһԾ鷿ǰԺ
ӭǳЦһۼΪĵƤϸˣԭǸ˼֡
Ϊȴǣһ˫΢΢Ц⹴ˣڵ㡣
ǰˣʺͷЩڸϰ壬ѡ
΢΢ƫͷҴӾģСɲϲô
ЦúǽӲĶôһŶҡӵ·ô
ûcos˭ƫҪcosλү
üͷСɲϲ㲻ǶԾ˼ҹ룿ԭΪ˴ţοСɵ˼֮࡭
ڰ֣಻ãϰԺҪ»ܲȸҸԤǰи׼
ۣʧɫ
˵ùˣæҲһ䣺˵󲻾Ļү۵Ǻʺ㣬㴩źܺÿ
ԹȻһɨЦСϲô
סû׹ϰΪʲôôִϲ빢ϰǸϲɫҼˣֻһ仰ܱ
ϲЦӣҲϲ˫ü״Цŵͷϲ
ȻЦüۣǰһ鷿ȥԭԺͷ㣬㷽ǽݽȥˣǽձͷգ
ÿ˫ڰ׷ͽκξܾĻ˵ʲôյȫա
عʱѾڴߵ̫ʦˡ
ڰߣ̯С˵£Ƴ𼹱ֱͦΡ
룬Сͷɽׯʱֱ׶ȵĿⶢˡ
ǰĿⶢţֻûڣɴ鶯ζ󣬱㿪ʼǱԷй۲ĸоˣСȴٲԸĿˡ
ٴαţ۽΢ԾȴǶϵݲŲԼһ̧ĿϣԷƵߡ
˾ƣʶ㲻ƴǰǰˣһһԣƽյĿƺ
ϲŹϰ忴˿ֱ̱ȥ
ϰÿζʱǸ̶̬ȵعΪдֵС
Լдֿǣһ˵˼˵ԶȿԼС˵ָǵġ
룬ϰˣĺ˼
ʶ°Ƣáڼӣദ˻֣ᷢǿżҪǧǸȫ÷ӭ˼ȫдϵļֱ˰ˡ
֪ϰô¹ɽׯλӵģ赽ۣϰݾһ㣬ĸү˽Ҳһ
䲻ȷϰ徿;үжǣһȷϰ屻úܺá
ϰ棬ǴС˳šǻţδ꣬ªŻеʡ
ʣʹӲԼϿ
ЦԼ͹ϰȫ෴ˣΪССһ飬ǶȻκνġ
룬ϰģʱҪűݣʵΪɡ
ϰһ°ǽأԽԼйذûͶӳһԵݵĺϷ
һܹϰĸֹ󣬲ǲǶ°ǽ
תϰʵŹʶĿİĴսߣ򿪰ǣ𿴵ͷϸ۵İ⣬ջȥһ
¶ֱ׵ıˣᱻ֮޷ԽĽ׼蹵ǯסܾ˵ľ档
ɴʱһ繢ϰ壬δؾǵϷɣ
תԹΪأȥǼȻԵİ⣬ǰضŵĶӡ
뵽Ļ棬㲻Ծ𴽽ǡ
Ƿݸ¶̧꣬ͷĿʧСɣյĸ£Ϊˡ
ʲô
𿪿ڣͳβżζһ˫۶ԲЩؿ
ⷴӦ⣬ϰϲĸ£
ͻȻתסͣƬ̷ЩʧصҡûУҪ˵
ЦߣѹȥҾߣϰʲô黰ֳˣţ
оɢЩڱ˹ѹܵ峯ЩƫͷҪ㣬°ȴٿסˣǿתͷ°ŵһ
©˼ģֽ½߬壬ؿ΢΢嶼Щ
۶ǰ˵ÿһϸ΢̬֤ʵԼĲ²⡣
ϰϷ׳ȥİһҶùġ
ǰһضؿ
˫΢΢ﾪʧ龡۵ףͻȻģߣЩ黰ϰϲʵжЩ
䣬ȥ϶Է˫̺Ĵ
лҪ˵ǽ¾ ̿δ֪˵İ


25 
ŨܵĽëָⶼ΢΢š
ֱ壬𽫴ԺƬֻհס
ֱһһֻֽ󣬽ԭǳֹһ𲽷չΪԵصʱǿҵϢƺһһѽƿ˴䣬ǽϣؿţһ˫β죬
δ⸱ܾСèģ۵״ЦζŴݼµС
㡭ôĵӣ
潩÷ǳһ䣬ǴŲĻʵ
Ц빢ϰݾҲݵ൱ҵˣʱ򻹲˳үļΪϰϲˡ
ôܹϷۿˣδӶֱ˫ֽճȭ࣬۽䱸
Ц⡣
ԭΪϰʮˣׯϵĹ£˵ЩҲЩϵɶܸЩʷģϰķӦʶԷˣȻԼЩˣǰ벽˵ʲôֲһ¡
⿿ֳɪЩ޿ˣֻܳһȥײϰζ£һűʼܣϸһıʸɢءž
صëʣסջؽţһ
ָ̧ţȥ
뿪ڣ־ôʱ˵ʲôֻԽԽڣֻóһĬĬ˳ȥһԾʧҹɫС
η£ҧ´Ⳣͷһ˿ζ˵ɬ
ûȥڶݼͷй۲鷿ǶڵµӰ
ϳʱѾˣղŵľٶȷЩףɾûаڡ
ϰȻǽԼС˵ЩõİͶˣԽΪˣؿȥˡ
֮󣬹ϰӦòپЩֵֹŶˡ
ţʧЦŵһȴĪϼֿɬת뿪¹ɽׯ
죬ûȥܷҹ
ԷеС˵ͷڵǧ˰ٱֱֿ㣬ıʶƣӡˢҹӡ
ֳƾټĳԱȥңǰӮ˶ľ֣ҵδǰ㹻ķֻΪΪСضﵽĿꡣڴ˴ֹ㣬С֣صǸ
ƾ˵գһ
Էƾ֪ʮ͵ģʱæһӦû£ֵϣֳгŵ׼ײС˵ԺԼãҲҶм
ƾͷȻ
ȴδܴﵽǧʵĿܾ꣬ʹ˸ŵҪ͸ôӡľ֣һ顣
ԶƾֱŴ漱һˣΪľֲֻŵܷ־ֳķײգ¾ʹ˴סĪҪᡣ
ͷһαֳôָյָٲҲֻ˲ˡ
ɢ˻ᣬһЦˣ˵ʲô룬ȥףף
Цл˲Ƿôϻ¡
ʲô£ǿСĻ᣿
Ц𻰣ֻ˵壬ʱطȫ𣿡
üȷȫɱڰ
ڰ֣ģ´Ӳڡ
ֱ֣ȥ¹ɽׯ
һ죬ʼվǰһ뿪Щס
ϰϵۣɲðհ˵ˡ
Ǹϸ̬ȳϿЩ
ﴧΪϰдŨһ¸£ݼϵ
ɴȵִȵ䣬ֱ߷࣬ҲûȵϰӰӡ
ػؼϴһȥ֣һնЩ㱣ϲŵ°࣬ȥ¹ɽׯɺǰһһһҹȴûܵȵˡ
һ˫ݼϷָʶزŽű߼Ƭߣǳ
ӵһھͭϰͷһηֿôá
뵽̲סԳЦЦʲôСͷһηֿôֵøС³Ƶġ
Ǵʲôʱʼϰйϰ峣ҵģ
¹ɽׯţܷ֣ϰҵɣ
һֵֺĶֻҪô̵ʱ䣬һϰߡ
ϰ˹ϰ岻ʱðߺСɣϰߵǱ͸һ֡
ǲͻȻʧЩĻˡ
ϰˣԿ
˼ȥЩĻţĻŵЩ꣬󷭱¹ɽׯ;ûѰϰӰӡ
ʲô
ΪԼǿҪԼ㵽ҶҪˣ
һأôɣ
Ҫ֪Ͳˡ
´Ӿͷȥֱܷ֡Դ˲Żعȥã
зۿʲôػ겻ģ˵ʧˣ
ʧҰҵСŪˣô죿


26 
ߺ鷿Űϵᣬûܻ
Ժһʱ䷭ǧˣӿѹ͸
СͻȻ
ָ̧֣Ħ´·Сʱȸо
ϴδйһ˸Ҷ
ζãǰľл𴽽ǣüչͻһСɡ
Ƭ̹뵽ʲôüٿ̧һ˰
ͷĹСŵûųʣү
ɢһصֽīؿ
СͷЩүֿʼֲ֪ôӻˡ
ҲûùСӻԼͰѻ˵ȥˡ
ǰĽֻھһˣԹݽӽΪȴˣ
νİ⣬㶼ǻѻô
˵ԼΪνȴҪ
СӸ۾һ飬һͷˮͷүôô
ǾôСĿİͰС˾䡣
ǣŭȶԾİ⣬ͶȻòǣ
ԱЩ£ҪԾһǻԺô
СֿʼԼˡ
ү˵ʲôʲôһô
ΪСĽүСòүǽүİԺ
ڲүӳˣǾԼӳˡ
ŭ뿪鷿ԡ£ڴʮַȥ˯š
ֱɫ΢˯ȥʱͷѾˡ
żæŵ׳С
Сæӭȥ
ʲôʱˣ
үʱ̡
üͷšΪβʱȣǸϲˡ
⡭СĵүͷһҲûҪ𴲰үҪȥ֣
ϻ˽ϴ£ùСЩȥ
𼱻ǳɽׯϳԶԶ·ͣŵϤĳͷһ
ɫϳĽŲתҪׯͷӡ
粻˵Ժ󶼲ˣô񿴵ҵǼ˹Ƶģͷгסɽׯ·
󳼣к£ʡ
Լʱʧ飬̾磬һعɡ
šüȥ
Ȼ֪Լ벻磬бǻĸ硣
һĸٳ࣬Ľ磿
Ľͣǰ˼գս¸漱Ҫҹϻȥĸϣʱһ˿ģ㽫ǰˡ
Ψֵܵթ棿
ʧЦҺαƭ㣬ǲģ빬֪ˡ
Щˣɡһûиĸ׼񡭡
бŵĽн㱸ˣȥֻԼıǡ
ǽнӹ򿪣ͷһöӡ
ӡ²ͷϸ·ϸܵؿ̫֡һ𣬹ĹѰǮ򵽵Ȼֲ˼ҵĻĵģĵȴض˿ġ
ĦӡϵС֣һʱ֪˵ʲôá
Ϊģֽ͵ͷ̵ֶֿģµ壬ֻ˵Լ̵ıǣĸزġ
󳼡㲻ˡ
Ц빬գʱҲҪ۽ȥˡ
һֵķҪùСȥ֪СһȥѰˡ
תһ룬ֺαҪȥСɽЩСɴҲûʲôԼÿμ涼Լȥġ
̾һׯӸ£̫֮ӵĳ
ڴߣǽУʣĸȸʱ䣬Ϊβǰ˵
ĸͷ˵ձϢˣûյ
룬ȷʵյ̫Ϣǲ˵ȥμġ
ֻ˵СŮ忤ȥ̫̽ͻʵۣ̫ʮָˣ忤Լס£ȥ㿤
ֻ㿤ֱ㽫ǴĹ˴ˣֻ˵Լ岻ȥ
ʱЩ飬͸뻳
̫ǲŵϵٸģȥʱɻϹЦ졣
̫Ϊ˼Ϊƣӣֲϲнÿ綼ֻѣӲţֻ˵ǽüžžۣ׼˼ҵƢԣҲţʮ⡣
̫ǰͷںͷһȥĸϺشʡ
Լֻɽˮͼĵ磬̫˶һ飬˼Ըǰӡãʮֻϲַ䡣
ͷˡ
̫һŻʵۣһ߰ŵı忤ˣʱ忤С̫㳯֣ߡ
̧ͷһ忤Ҳȥ
֪λСүжԣȻ϶ײ̫Ϊʵŵ˵ˣһʱ˵ЦЪˣֻ˿
ʵ۳ǳ⣺ˣܶι˹ˣ
лҪ˵漸¹ľûСɡ߾Ʋһ̰orz


27 
̫ƳϣʵۣĪҪѵûعһˣٰˣЦŰڰ֣㲻գȥͷԼҸϲλֿ̫ӣ
̫ӹһ񣬡ǡ
л˻ĸƳһۻʵۣĬĬתֿλȥˡ
˼龪һ˵Ц
ʵۿųӵıӰҡͷĸСӾĸ׸߻ˣҪ֡
̫ҡͷǸλӰˣϲɣʵĪҪС
ʵвȴҲ̫죬ֻڨڨգЩʰӡ
˻ûչЩȥˣȥ㼸ζûˣȥҲûҪǲׯСˣ
ŤͷûСԺˣϷȤģҲϲˡ
ǰϷתˣʲôӣ˵
ŲСһ˵ģԵ˲ҲУܣ֮ĪҪٸ˾ˡ
ڰ֣ܾͲܣȥԷȥȥ
ȥصøɴࡣ
ˣҲȥˣ
ɿԷ뵽һͷ֪ܷ³С˵ô
ᵽһ磬̾Բһ˫ᡣ
ĵȻ˵ˣ㲻Ĩǣ˵ͷȥˣɾ˲ڣ˵С˵ԭͷֳʽģʵд˭дʲô£֪ô
ۣʲô
˷Ӧ㾹֪òҲͷ۵İ汾
𻰣šüʣ㾿Ҫ˵ʲô
ִյøЩѹԼȥԷиֻᣬھͷ۵ֳ顣
㡢ң޵
дĶԡСۿԣȴǶȻԸ˿ģȻΧһʲôֻᣬʶˣǸǲС
ֻˣ
ڳүļС浽ģȻһףӶȥˣгġǾòȥԷԼ˵ȥ
㡭һָȴû취ֻʣǺգ
ʮɿڣϽѻ˵ˣһǰһǰȥͷ㣬ֻűǣعܡ
鲻ԸӦá
ǵ̫⣬粢δٱף̫޽½׼ˡ
ԭλӾΪ˳ķ㣬ʱͷԤȺ뿪

ʵۻһͷ
޺ȭֻתȥˡ
ʵԷ̫ƫȥͷһ·ȥ
ߣЦһ£ʾصġ
ˡ
ƫʵһ̫๬Ůֻ̫󡢻ʺ쳤桢ֵܺ忤
̫忤Լϣʺ̫ࡣ
ʵһ̫ʦϣվ
ʵۿҹҪرߴӪȥˣҲ֪ͷʲôҲعһˣúģû
Թǰ塱
쳤ȻʵۻС꣬ȴþɳԡŷɳ˪ѩƤڴֲڣϹݺᣬòϿűȻʵҪࡣ
쳤澫ȴãһ˫ӥ㾼ʵƲ̶׵ĺˮĿȻͬ
ʱֱͦļ¶ڻʵ۵һλϽǰƴɱĲηơ
ĵǺܾԼλġ
ĽʿԡѪս˶ǵ̫ƽ
һ£Ҫǿҳȴˡ
һ굽ͷҲһ棬죬ʲô
Ǹ˵ӣ֪˵ʲôʱ򣬾ͲῪڡ
ֻ쳤浥һЩԿȥסǷϰߡնʲô顢书οɻ֮಻䲻ȵ⡣
е𣬰㲻չܵ˼ȫдϡ
ʵۿżΪֺ䣬̫ˡ
ɫ磬̫Ѿˣ쳤볤˵У̫һʱգϤ⹬£ʱ䣬Ĵ䣬ɺã
漰忤£ַ˾󣬡Ϊβ̫ӻţֲס⹬ô죿
˵һ룬ʵô˵أ
̸ֻʵڼ尾۵⣬ʹ죬ֱʡ壬ҲСˣţǵ˼Ҳףлλ̧
Ҳϲ壬Ҫָ飬ѰӰա
δ䣬ʵžһѳˤȥƬһأˮʪѡ
ŻʵЩ֣Щˣͨһȥ


28 
ʵѧĿƵϣ˵һ飡
ͷѻֽһ飺Ҳָ飬ܺ塪
˶ʵ˫Щǰ̫ˣô֪ж֪ߵغʣ˰裬һۣ
ȲϧޱջǷš
ʵۣ̫ȥѧһԣĪҪ嶯£
ѧŭ̫󹧾ĸѵǡֿͼ̨ף֪
ȻǱ˾Ǻκ
û˾ЦСɱ»عסûɣܲ˵ġ
˫ȭҧأɿϴȴҲٳԶײˡ
ۼѧⲻĳӵĿԽԽ䣬һ㱻ĥ⣬Ҫٷ̫
ʣСָһµڽһʱɫĸˣ̵ʱҲˣʿԿλķϣʱһţպٴӳ顣
Ǵ˿ѧϵ¡
ѧŹŵֵܶһۣ̾βԸȴҲ޷ĸ׵Ľͱ߾İΣֻתͷ̫󣺡ĸ󣬽̫ˣȷĸȥЪ˰ա
̫ͬӵˡ
̫ҲԳȻΥָ̬Ȳȴ»ʵ۵һŭ֮¶ӵүţͷɻʵ۷
ʱѧȵ;ܻ飬ֻѡһ⣬ѡ񡣡
һ˺ܿȥƫֻʣ˲š
ŸúڣɤЩƣ˭Ҫ˵ġ
ʧЦҡͷ磬㼰ˣҲѧѧǣʶԾԾӣӲӲԿֻԼ
ԲԿԼ£ܡ
ϰ˸̬ȣҲգֻʣ㵱Ը嶨ף
Ȼϲˣ˭ҲҪ
ûϵὲĻ´ȴԾάǳЦʣСɣ
Ƴܵһۣкθϵ
 ʧЦ磬㶮úνϲôױ㽫ϲڣ
Ƭʧ
ԭΪԼǶСЩĶɱһȻʶѲǵĶһӽ
룬ⱲӳСɣװˡ
ЩȻߵܵܣֻҶã޹ء
Σ磬Ըɻ飬ҿ԰㡣
˵⻰ʱƽƽʱҪἸ֣ȴǧأѹһϡ
µģǵܵ䡰ҿ԰㡱
󳼣㲻ҪǻʣĶŮˣĲġ
üͷΪҪҵģ
㲻ҪԼ£Ե
Ŷ£
뿪˵˴ҴŽ
Ҷ
ʺֺϹཫס
ɫվõλøĸ
ֺ汧󣬷˷ſһʳָŶţ⺢ôЩ궼׳ˣ㸸ʷϸΣľӲҪȥײ
ûΪҪϴɿڡ
㻹û治װľôɵˣ
ͷС죺û
һͷʵ۴̫˯쳤ʮﳤֵܻͤ
ĩˣ쳤뵽ֵһ»ʵΪ̲ס֣£ֳԷſЩ
˵ŮǸĸ֮ɵҲҪԼ⡣
⺢ӣȴ˼һ˿٣ʵѵãĪҪ˹ǽǺӵһݴɱˣδ̫ϧ
ѧԳ̾Ϣһ֪ˣзִ磬زίԵģȥ˱߱㲻ҪΪЩ·ˡ
쳤лֳ
ֺ˵˰ΣɫߵҶĪҪһֱˣ㸸ʽȥԺܻعһȥЪЪ㿴ţ㸸ʻعٻţ˷ֵġ
˵ձȥȴֵ̧ˣĸȥЪϢգȸʻ
⺢󣡡ֺյСӹǾһҹôУĸģǻȥĸ㵣š
˿ûҪ˼ֺ滹ǰȴ̫ź˹ǷҪæĵط
ֺ浱Լ̫Ϣű죬Цų˽˼ڹȥ
ǰһֺ棬ĸʱˣҷعϢգ粻СˣԼʲôĸ󲻱Ϊġ
ֺ滹ЩŲ³ӣ⵽ٸȻ̫ߵˣ㲻ٶ˵ʲôСһ䣺ǳŲסȥĸ˵뿪ˡ
ѧ쳤棬ϻعʱѾ죬糯ʣʱˣأֱȥ鷿鷿ǰʯϿŵ
Ȼһۣϣֻһɫ£ɢŷںҹУοź䵥
ѧɫˣӵĿŭмʧ


29 
ѧһԲʰ鷿ȥ
ڻʵ۾ǰʱẰһʡ
ѧ̾Ϣ̽һֻۣżʱա
ʵżźŸ£ˣɵͷһԣָ
Сˡ
ʵۿֻµĵģҡͷԸǼ¸¯
˹Ӧˣ멺¯ݸ
ѺСͭ¯̧ͷʵۣʡ
ʵִ̧֪֪Լʲô
ͷʣˣָ顣
ʵ۶һ󣬻ڣǺ˵ͻС˼סĸô˻ӴЩʱգ˴ϤϤ˽Ϊˣ١
ʣˣѾˣȻϲˡƶҡͷ
ʵһ˫üͣƬ̣ܷߣ
ǰ̫һۿ˼ܳӦԣɴʱʵֱӵСɵݣȴмܲסˡ
ľ֪Сɣ
ʧ̧ͷһ˫Բʵۣ죬˵ʲôȴ
һӵ󲻽⣬𾪸ѹȥˡ
ʵۼӦһˣֱ֣
ʵȴеڣǧأѹͷ
Ŵϻڵϣۣͷ΢΢ɪţΪԼصúܺõ˼ֱʿֻţѾԼ¶ӣʣϲ
ϲĸֽڣʵֱϰϡ
Σʵ۲԰׵һ˫ţԼ˵ʲôһү޵ĵճӣڸޣϲ·Ĳݽ棬ǻǸˣ
ۿˣʹۣŴȴֱͦģϲ
ʵֱһͷ
һſڵϣȴɲɿڣ˭Ҳ
ӴС£
ʵܹ̫ŵûæǰʵʵȥԼųɵӵڹۻӲҪȥʥϵۡ
ţѧǳ⡣
ݻŻӦǡè¡
ײٿˣǶصǽ塣
ʵٴοڣԭͷκ֣޶ֻ۱ֻ۹ȥˣȥ޶㣬Ϊôˣָ鶼ҪΥҪǴȥҵ㶪ˣ

ûϵʻһ֮н룬ԼĸӦû취˲ŻὲЭĻɣ
ҪСɵȫֻ|塭
ʧҡͷҲҪҵĽ
ʵ̫Ѩͻͻ㻹Ҫʲôѵɣ
ʵһʱĻûϵǰ־ǰһ̧۳ʵҪʲôʵһɤߺһˣ̧׽ֱ̨ͷϡ
ɫճǣѪ
ŵùߣһ¡
ʵۿݰĲǴĿѪۣоˣɵ׻ͷϣֻ޸㣬붼Ҫ룬дֵͷ޲ŰˣʱԸ㳹׶롣
ˡ
ʵ۽塱ʱͷ㱻ס̵Ѫջ򢣬ϡ
Ѱյϸô̤ôֻϲҪ˶ʲô
ϴνлʵۡʮǰ
ʱĻʵۻֻǸƵĻӣ׵ȥᣬ·߼˶߲࣬䣬˲ӳ￴ҲʨŤͷ˼ҵļֺ́ȥǸױһѽͷȥ
ѧǺӵģѧ̧֣Ҫ
ѧʱЦüۣãҪñ˭ߣ
Ҹ½˱Ҳڼͷȷ˫ۣһҹ
һûоֻиӡ
ѧԭӲǽеһ̾һԸݣˣ鷿ʮ⣬|ּǿԶ̽䱸
ǻʵڳȶ߻ʱŻõķʽ
ãȻ̧ͷʵۡ
鷿зŴ뻶رգյķֻʵˣʵ齱öǵѪ
ҼΪ㰲Ż£ΪģֻϣúҲˣ·
лҪ˵˫Сɻ


30 
ԵǻʵͷһǰԳơޡʱ۵ʢǱѹõĸ
ؾţɻʵΪѪᣬỽһס
ǵճӣ⺢ȴִⲻϣʱĸĸ̫㣬Ҳûм֣ѧЦʱⲻˣ뽫֮λңȴҪڳһַϳ׵ĵ̬żԨǰ϶ڹΪ㿹ʱ֪ģ
ʱҺĽԨԴ񷨴ʦ׷汾ģһ֧㣬ȴֻǶˣΪԡ
ס۵޵ⴢ󳼱Ҹʺ̫ӣӦǡ֮λڽҲ¡
ʵ̾ϢһԶΪۺ£Ҫ۵ġڵңҵĵճӣ׺ܶɼġ
㵱ѡ֮λ͸ԼһҪʲô
ϣܻ㣬ꡢһҲˣ㿿ʲôȫԼ
⺢ӡϲֳҿó˼պϵλסڻʳǸɢүв
ݵһꡢ꣬ȴδݵһӡ
ֻһ֮䣬ɱģҪԾ󻼣ô죿
˵ҶˣҪ뿪ǰ·
㸸ףҲ·
ߴӸŲ԰׵Ų߰׵޷ϣף᳤ģ˵ʲô뿪뿪Ļ
ѧЦҡͷԼ壬ԼͳɼҲˡ
ʵ⼸һֱã֪ģûϵЩӾתֱˣЩţסҪ˵ʲôȴѧ̧ˡ
ЩҪףǱסð취ˡ
ͳ챱һһ䶼ԡѪսĽʿֻһˣۻʥּڱ߶вͨ
ҶǷֺպ˻ʵۣҲضû취ߡ
밲ϣֻܾ塣
Ȣ壬õ󳼿ĳ룬һ󳼶εֽĻӣ𣿡
ѧ˵Щʱƽٺ˵ѹȸУֻһλ׵ݣ˵ԼĿԣȰӿĿġ
Ļ˵ȴԶѧԵ֮ѹøʹ֡
ؿڷƣ͸
֪˵ÿһ仰ǶԵģҲ֪׺ĸΪãû취ݺ⡣
ףδؾݲҡ֮ǰЩ£ȴδ˺ҷֺҶ֡
ѧҡͷĪҪκˣǸܵܡ
ͬĻСҲ
֪ԼܵЩֶΣܴܵСһ鳤ܸоܵǰֳģֵ飬˺
ⲻص㡣
ʣ᲻֣Ż£ͬġ
ףĿģҵҪҹǸˣΪһĪеҪί޸һҲˣƽ
ѧЦЦ㣬ûģӣ㻹СܶͲס
ܳҪǵ࣬鲻΢һˡ
ʱҲ߹·Ҳðˣʱֻ÷ɣҪԶ߸߷ɵͷһֻȤˡ
ȥλϣٻףȴֻõʱĸʮֻĵɡ
ڵңԭֻǸƷȨ֮ѡͷصģֻ¾Ǹˡ
㲻ϲ壬Ҳϲ㣬ǴһԱޣ֮£ȥ׷ѰԼİ˱ˡ
ϲд֣ɻ֮ȥˣ֣֮ԭеһ٣ǿԼϦദʲô£Ҷ㣬಻ȥܣȫ֮ºֲΪأ
ѧЩʱʼչº͵Цųӡ
ЩȴЩ䡣
˶˵飬ûд
ף˵ֻǳף΢ҲǸλӣԴҲȻ
˵ȫ֮ߣҷϵ˵Σ
ֻǽ븮жί
ҲԸܰί


31 
ѧӰΣʧЦϲд֣ʲôãֵΪһ
ۣĬ
Ҳ֪Сɾģϲ˼ҹ룬ûһǣ˼ˡ
ѧ̾Ϣҡͷۼˣ糯ʱѽ֪Ĳˣֻõ˵Щȥա
ͻСҲһʱǾķҲţ˵
̧ͷסҪԼѾúˣٱˣѧȴִ̧úȥ̫ҽȥ˿ãЩҩѱȥĸǴЪ˰ա˵ֱ˽׼ϳˡ
Ŀ͸뿪̫ҽ͹ź˿ڻѣȥҺ͹СͷǶмҪ
ǰһȿС
Сܿһۣȷ˿ߵүǰòǰڣϢˣǡİ
Լүķ¹ˣСԭðڵǰۺʱһ˰ڵϢҪһʱСֻô
Ȼͷûһ˿
Сү֪ˣ
ҡͷ֪֪Ҫˡ
ͶСˣ֪˭кãҪʵԴɣ
С㲻ٶ˵ʲôһλøҡ
ǰүߵĺģˣڹͷ
ͷֱȥٸգȥٸš
괹˿ֵġ
̫ϲĻŲͺڹＫѳɻѰ÷Ѱڱķӣģպ̫ٳǿ޵ʱԤȥ̫ȴǽٳһ¡
ٸ̫ǰ뿪ŵĺĻЦúϲ£죬ʲôϲ
ɵؿ̫ϣЦ˵ĸϲá
̫Цŵͷḧ޽ǣע⵽Ǵ˿ڣɫٿȻˣô£˭ĵӣ
̫֣Ц˵ûעĵˡ
̫ɫ˿ת㸸Ϊˣдµȥ֣˵žҪԼ˵
̫ʵ³˺æҿתƻ⣬ĸôã
ԭԴָĿ̬̫Щĺģʱ壬ɫ㻺࣬һ㱻ȥˣʱȥ糯ˣͻˣȵȡ
ͷӦˡ
Ҫ彲۳ΰţһҲ޹ģӦվͬһӪ¡
ȴδ̫Ԥϵֱܿȵ糯ʱҲδܵȵˡ
̫˳ȥѰˣһģһⷿյĹƷ˳ϲĴߡ
˼ҪЩƷ߲ô͸ŮǣǿĵӸġ
㲻ĸǰȥţ鿴һȦͷһֽУ⡣
빬ʼģ⻹ͷһδ۵Ц̫̲סҲȥҿѰʲôģ
㽫ֽд˼ҿһбī顣
̫ʱùˣϲīֽˣ
˵ţͷˣһ·˵Ц
⿴ȥԶԶͷģüͷš
ԭЦÿģתͷЦˣȳ̫һ񣬺ֳһ硱
ɫݻһ񣬿ֹ̫
̫ڰ֣ǳȥգȥͷЪһᡣ
̫뿪תͷƳһŶãָһ¡
磬ָһҲ֪飬Ҳ˹˵ģ֪㲻ϲҡҡҲ롭㡭
˱ãѻ˵ȥҶض˵ǵġǱߣÿԶЩģæȰȰ
ͷӦˣϹظЦ̧ͷߵ̫ӡ
ǳǳЦţ΢΢ͷ
üˣ̫ߣ󳼣л˵
ӦһҴ㡣ȥˡ
һţʲô
΢΢ס˵ʲô
塭ڹ
ڳһ˵˵ûĽ֮飬кβɣĵͱν
󳼣ֻҶˣ㲻װģüͷšסǰ˵İңģҲҪİæ
ͻС˼ĸ飬δ̫Щ
Цƾʲô˵ĸ飿֪Ҳϲ
ôϲ
Ϊβܣüë㶼ϲƶд֣Ϊβϲ壿


32 
֪ܵǿʶȴ޴ӷϾҲܰʿͷûСġ֡
Щʣ㾿
Ÿһ˫ۿСԤҪȥ裿
ȻǣĻѿڶһֵġ
Ŷν֣ô
üͷšһ飬û׻ƵԼͷģ޹ء
Цֻ߸磬ϲСɣȢϲ壬Ҫҵ̫кβף
ԭΪƭĸָܾ飬ûϵҪ̫Ǳˡ
̫ϷŪõĸ飬Ϊ˰ԼʹЩĵֶΣȴȻֹమɫ󳼣ģϲ壿
ڳЦСĴ֣ȻģԼĸ鿪Ц粻һõĸ飬ҲҲΪ˰Լĺȥǡ
۳˼Σͷãֳĵ󳼣лл㡣
Цлʲôлϲ壿˵£޹ء
ڶһڻʺŵʱ򣬱ʵȥ鷿ҴææϹȥͿڻʵ齱ߡ
ɪżͷúܵͣһҶŵ̹࣬ŤͷǳЦһ¡
׷ʲôֱ߹ʡ
ʵĬΣںʲô£ܶϷ
ȿ˿ڣʣģǶϷ
ʵ󳼣һֱض£ǸĺӣΪҲһ˵ʵǲΪ˰ֳų²ߣ
ʵ۽⻰ʱСתͷȥƳ
̶ʱ䣬ȷԼϲģȴҶ϶ӽмġ
ֻ̹Ȼʵ۵Ŀϣɷȴĳ̽ȥġ
ָֻȴֱɵĵȥԭһҲˣִͷȥ͵͵Ц
ʣãûκιϵʳȫ̹ء
ʵüͷɸ֣ת壺ģ
Сػϣϲ󳼸磬󳼸磬˭Ҳޡ
ʵֻͷۡҲµûţߣ̧ư̫Ѩ۳ĬΣֵ֪ˣͻСָ鲻һʱ´عգǶȥ
Ц
·ϣϱ㼱ú޲쳤ر֮ǰֱöˣԼϣڱҪһ̶
ϲԣºЦţӦ
ԴȻҲ飬˹򰲡Ԥһ뿪
ʵǰֽס
С˻
ʵ۴̫Ӻ忤뿪󷽿ųӿڣָһ£󣬴߰˵д֣޾㣬˽ͷԣ̨ûУ
ͷ۹۱Ǳǹģ𻰡
ʵۼַ˾㲻һ㻹Ҫֵʲôʱ򣿡
Сûк֡
ʵ̧־뽫ңŵûæǰȰ£ҪӡС£Ҫһʶ
šüͷ̧ۿʵۣɫǰ쿴ŸˣЩᣬ˿ڣʣˣҲãҴˡ
ʵ۳ĬƬֵ̣ˣȥɣ㸮ú룬ҪʲôкκԼǷе˵
ˣ˵ʲôȴѾƴʹɫ뿪ˡ
ƲƲ죬γʵˡ
ʵۿų뿪ıӰĬãɤʺݣǲǸʧܵĸף
ݹ۰Ů½֪ġ
ʵҡͷ̾Ϣ⺢ӣ޵׸ô죿ѵݽȥ
߳鷿㲻ˣһСȥĸĸʰ֮żæų˹һֻСɡ
ܷ¥ȿڵߣ°͵ڸֽϣ˫Ŀʧ
ΣСճճô׶ҷſİɣǱʲô˽µˣ϶Ѱˡ
ŤͷȼЩģ
Ȼҿ׼úܣС벻ģĪҪûʧġ
˵ţȿڲ裬һ©̣ൽˣߣϴ˵ǷҵǶٷ˰ɡ
ҲƳһ©̣°໹һʱ
Ѿվˣ壬ǲǰ°ף£
δ˵廹Ҫףģ
һģǲ˲ˣ
æ֣Ц˵˵طҸǮС
Цζ
𱻴ȥԷǰʱЦݾͳˣ⡢ⲻðɡҪۻط
Ƴһۣ˭˵ĵط˭˵´ӲڣּһΪѣһִֻͷ㲻ͷһֵطɣ
𲻴ֻб
ЦСӣС˵дףʵʾǸôС񣿡
үע´ô
ŬסЦݣģԷǸȾƵĵطͷĶЩͷɾúݣûЩ¡
ʲôˣ
лҪ˵ʮ㻹һ~


33 
ûû룡ļЦߣ룬¡
˸յſڣδżͼһСЦӭӴλ͹٣ɵúܣԷﱻˣɢͣǸǸλո磿
ظЦ㿴Ҳȥ칫ǻһݣ
ݡ֣С˵ЦЩסǰµһ
ȴֵУˡ
Σ˼ҶˣҲȥ
ȴС˵Ҹ˵
Էƹ
ԷѰչݣĲҲǮƵƹӭģǱضڶŵϹٽ׽еóŵĲǡ
С˽ͷŴ飬˿ûʲôɰڳЦλ͹٣ɵúܣƹĽ²Է£źҪˣСת
ƳСһۣû˰벽ֱӳ¥󺰣绨
Сûϵ˹˹ĵģعҪǰȥʱȴͷѾŤϸӭˡ
ٴ캰һҪˣöˣ
С˼״æ˺һƹġ
ƳСһۣܿЦųеĻƣ£ĪҪǰֳȥҽȥ
һ½ߵٹգԷݲˣ
ЦĪҪ˵ЦԷˣҲҪϷġ˵ֳȥӴλСӣӢ˵ģһͷƷ
ԺȥʱһֹҼСӿǼƷ˵㡣
ЦⶼĻдҵģ˵˵

ӽԷͻڣʱһССɡ
Ȼסˣֱͣ½ŲվԲһ˫۽˰Σ㡢ߣ
ȻЦ˵ǡ
ЦǰϣϡͣСģԷСǿǸġܼߣͷҰ˶г
˶гʲôСֲǷүҪһôйУԼ¾ƵС͹ȥժǸǳ羰á
ЦŲסͷӦźãȥժǸľƲˣͼһϮ±ٻǰ
һָ̧֣Ŷ˵աֵ壬Ǳ̫ү˴Է˴Сɾ⣬㳪
һ˫΢΢šСɡ֣ųȥ촽΢÷С
ΪнصͷӦ
ЩǸıϷʳˣѹļ¶٣ḧ£ָҴβЩȡ
յߵ㲻֪ɣɴء
ЦЩǿ
²ߣŤͷʣСأָãССǳм񣿡
񣡡Ҳѿڶ
ƳһۣЦ㻹Ǹר֡
С˵ĵϷʣǰ֮ˣ˼ȴƮԶˡ
룬ȻԷС˵˴ǲطϷݾ¥ҲԽС˵ĳɻ籾ĲЩϷݾ¥ֿԽˣȫ
ó񣬻ȻüһһĿ̹ŵһ飬תͷͿԶվժǸͷŭĿ
˫̷Ź⣬һվӶƷˡ
ͣ˵̧ͷ𿴹ȥ
ϹƲסЦҪϰ塱ɿƱ˪һͱ˺
忴һۣ¿׸ղԼľٶ
ԺƮǧ͵Ļڵȴһ䣺ҡûж
үһߣԱʽķԣžһڶͷϣϣƲԼġ
Ȼô˵֮ɫˣһһ˦䣬תֱӳͷȥˡ
һ׷ȥڽ£ǰסȥ·һ׽סֱۣҽ͡
ֱۣûѣšü޺޵ɿ
ȴ߬øˣ:ɣЩȥˣ
̧ͷθɣ
üͷҺܵ㡣
ЦңĵСĲţ
ûж
Ʊ磬ǳ⣺ſ
˰벽Ѿ˦ֱѡ
֣
ų˼һʱϥײ£ĲЩȥֱǰһ
£Ҫվһ˫ֹøЩ
һ飬Щ͸Ϣŵſң˴ȫˣɺͳ
ͷһۿǵ˿ڣȥ̧ȥ˴ʹͣڰУü˭˵㣿
ƫͷȥԸ𿴵Ǵˣܡ
ȴסתͷѾ˱һѪ˴۵׾ۣʹȥĴǴ˿ڣһǡ
лҪ˵(ȣһȾ˳Ѫˣ㲻Ϊѳ顭ܡ


34 Vʼ
סֻйоӶɢ΢΢һعŴѳ˰벽Զ۵
㡭ʲô
վԭãѹסЦ⡣
ͷӡ
ǰһȥЩڹô
˺һ㿪ˣûС
ȥˣΪʲô˵һʧ٣Ƕǵ˭Ūģ㵽ʲôˣ
Ƶ׳Щмܲס˰벽ϲСģȥѰˣʲô
΢΢һͣüʶ壿ϰΪʲôĳͣ
ŷϣǡ
ȴЦųƽһߣϰֻݹٷŻ𣬲յƣԼֵطȴСһҲУ
Щ̬ŭˣ߷ߵ˴Ȼ㷽ǰ㶢˿ó񡣡
ЦͿóˣ񡣡
Ȼ̧˫ַϣֱ۱ȻǰȦϰԴˣԺֻһ˿
ؿţ뿪˵ʲôẰ
ȥˣٲǱԼʼˣ
ˣƿȦסֱۣһ㿪ķ򣬡ˣײתߵȥׯϵңˡ
˵תҪߣȴ׽סֱ
Цô
±Ἰ˿ŵûųֱۣתȴѾֳӭ߹
߽˳кֿһŵľȱ飬ʣ˭ҽղǰ˳ӣΪλ˽
ǰһǰһѡ
ЦŰƹϸ𣬡ŲŲģĻҲʶѣ
ῴһ´磬ƽȦõˣٿŵǺɫߣ̼һͷӿһ˫۵ɵͭ壬ųɸOΣ㡢㲻߰ɣСɣ
üͷš𿪿ڣֽøʵЩͷǣĪҪ
ԭỹЩȷӦȷԼ¶ˣ㾹Сɣ٣ˣǽԼԷġĸĵӵģû뵽Ҽ߱һһᡣֿʶСɵģǰҪˣΪСˣ
᣺ʲôˣ
Ҫ˵
ɫۿɼسɿׯˣ
ûУһڷˣᡣ
ؿˣʶԼ˵ʲôǵձ˹죬ЦСᣬӣ֪Сɷ͹ȥһ۾ۣ
ͬ
Ӳڹڳͷ¶棬ļԼضҪݡ
ȴǸֵӣߵﶼὫԼүݹϣӲҴš
ͷһôߵˣ˵ῴûʲôӣɵ׵λ⣬ṧһ񣬵һᡱ˵һģڵһȥʵڱǸ
޷һˡ
ûϵ߱ţȻϾʹ˷Ź
ǰһȥֱָ̧ۣȥ㲻
ջ֣Ͳϡִյǰ߰գһȥȥСɾ
ȻЩԥ͵ǲүӣҲøӲǣ
㶢ȥ𣿡
ȻǲСȥСֻһ۾飬˷
ƶ롣
ҲصøɴࣺҾͲȥˡ
ᱻôطӣεӣ
̹ȻЦǸүֻġ
ЩΣɼȻԸСȥȻҲټֵ֣ˣǸлᣬٵС
Ӧ£Ŀ뿪תȥ
ͷ¥ʱߵʣС裿
˺һɫʲô
ЦҷԶԶر㿴ˣЩ¡
һ󣬡
ƳҶˣ׵ģֲϹֲɵӡ


35 
㡭
ûϵỰֱף̲סĹȷ˿˿뵽ղСɵһǣȴԾ
ὫһϵоٶҡͷúúվӿԼ⸱ģ֪ˣղ§һĴ©ҲûǱЩ
죡һ̧ۣ¥ȥ
ƨɺͷ׷ýһûأôһģ֪ԿİɣδģдĶüγˣɱƭˡ
ͷһ᲻ᱻƭ޹أ̰Ҷ㲻
ȴƲƲôһ
Ự˵һ룬ֱӳ嵶ϡ
ү嵶񣬼ӲʾˣҲɱȻ£ֻǼΪҴС浽Ľ飬Ϊôҷ
šüۿ˵ˣҵ裬ģҪֵġ
ֱ֣ԼĶ䣬̧ô֪֪Լ˵ʲô
ȻģԺҪģſڱտڵ裬Ҹͷ
ֽ̧ĵƿֱ̧Žݣȥʱסҡͷ˷ˣǷˡ
¥ժǸ֧Դڳ峪ָʱŴģƳһۣһСˣҾ˵ܲ˰ɡ
ûǻղűָУЦЩɵ
ЦһʲôζŶζ
Ц⣬ãȻתͷ
úϲ£죬ǰɣСӣǶˣⲻҪǾˣå˰
ô
˵˵Լ
󣬡ʲôҿóϲСǰɣ
ͷϲҡҪҸҪġ
Цҡͷֲô֪Ҫʲô
ʧЦϣֲңô֪Ҳ֪
ˣסҸݵˣ ڰ֣Ըģռ˵Ļ㣬ʲôηηβģ͸е徢ȥһѣʧʲôһ׵Ĺһǻصԭ㣬СǶ£ʲô
㲻˵ˡ
ǰʲôµأ
ĺ󱳣˻ڵ£ʱͷˡ
䣬ӳ꣬٣
Ȼ𷽻ع񣬿壬һԼĿԣЩŵջߣۣСʣСǰĽүô
ЦЩΣ𻰣뵽֮ǰһ磬壺ԼĵĴ
ͷ
Ժµĸ£ҸôĴ㴫ƹݲ¥ô
ЦȻСǲ˵Ҳǻһ᲻ΪıġǷ񷽱ط
˵ͣĿ⾹ǿ
ڰ֣û
һ𣺡Ӧûˡ
ۿԷʲôϵ
ţûʲôϵЩڰ֡
Ȼүп󣿡
ûУǮм⡣
Է㿪İɣ
ҡͷ˹ɰˣĿ
ȴЦˣϰ˵ЦˣǮʮ졪
壬ûʲô¾ȥɡ
幧Ӧǡ뿪ˡ
תǮŸһͷˣ
ӻ֣ûǮҪ룬˰
ҡͷֻǰʱҵˣҲٶ˵ʲôץǮֱӳŽȥˡ
Էؼֱȥ¹ɽׯ鷿ݼϿ䡣
ɫͼ鷿ǰͷԺǿʼæµϹľˮյαǰ˽ʯ
ǹЦͷš
ֻȥ˶̶̼գȴûʮΥݼϵȹϰʱ⡣
ЩԺ︡֡
ʲô
µԼ˹ϰҪȫˣڵľʵϰĽӡ
ҵڣģֻҪʱ䣬һġ
ʲôԥģҪȥһûУҲ̫ˡ
뵽ʧЦҡͷԭЩǱЦһɢˡ
Сɡ
վԺӽŴԶԶ֡
ڴŸСԴԼüЦģЦһԾǰ
ȥʯׯľƾƵǰ
𽫸Ӹ
ǳһ̧ۿࣿ
ȻЦЦЩ㲻ڣҾܵöˡʱ򣬱̲סдЩ
ЦŽ̯ϸ
ߣӳǰչȥƹӳϸһ
ͷľǳЦŨܵؽë΢΢ţü۴ǶȾϼĨɫ
ʺͷЩڸ

Ằһ
ţ
ʶӦ̧ȥȻͷüҪһ飬ϢĴϣЩ
㡣
һ˫۳ȣš
Ϸ̣Ҳ죬Żŵͷٲ̧ۣɡ
鶯ѣϸܾĻᣬ̧°ָͣĴĦ̽Ҫȥ
ôӵ𣬡㡢ˣ
Цôˣֲû׹
˫Ȼź죬ֱ쵽ȥһ˫۴ɫԼԾǻİô
סʧЦ
Լˣϰôʱ̶¼ϵģ
ϲˡ̹˾䡣


36 
Ǿ䡰ϲ㡱ûüҭŵû궼˴롣
ۿˣˮתۿҪŴŹ
ļ̣ŵ˲۵òУϽǰȥḧıοš
˺ˣ˵ûϲˣһֱֻһδղǸ㿪Цء
ţŽʵɾůԭ˴ҲůŴŬӷ̵ۿ
ãٴοڣЩ㻹һˣ
ͷֻҪû˲ģ˵ʲô˵Ȼһ˵ġ
˶٣üͷš
ôţЩ¡
ѳ߷ߵһˣΪλҪòң
𣺡
cpôôźӦñ軹ά裿ϲҲԣϲҲԣ
ĴҼϲϲ㣬𣿡
ʱᣬЩ΢ˣһС˶ġ
ô˵ɫǳֱӽžһˤɣԾİ⣬ݵˣ
ᣬѲضһ飬͸ˡ
˵Ҹô죿ʡ
Ӧȥ
ȥһڻؾסԼ衣
üͷ㲻Ҫòҡ
СٴλؾҿƲס
̧βЩ죬ؿţĬηʣԾİ⾿ǲģǴͷβƭң
˸ղһ⣬Ļ裬ֻӲͷƤģûƭ㡣
ʮãʲô
ʼѳζҺʵĴǣ鲻Խ
ֻ˵ٳΪζԾİ⣬ȴܶ鲻Խ
ԼĹѪȫԺһ飬Ȼ󻺻ڣ𣿡
ȻûǺ
Ҹ
ǰһʯ£ֽԼĵӳЩüȳ࣬Խƻƽ˰Ȧǰ
Щ죬ͷԼĸС˵һ顣
˵ô
ĩһ䣬ԹϰԲǰϹЩʱףԼϰ뱲ӿĹѪĶһ飬Ȼǿ׵ġ
ţ˼ãͷˣСΪ̫˼ãԱ㽫ҵԾһǻͶϣ
ͷ̧ḧ޽ǵһ˿˵һͨ
ǵһ
ǰ˿Ƭ̧̣򢣬ǡ
û㣬ֻתͷǰеĺͷŭȻɢȥֻ༸ã
Цʣͻ𣿡
ҡ
˵һ룬ѽĻ½ȵ
ֳ̧ϣȴûŬӦеǣϢҹɫС
úϢѹȵ͸̧ţͷˡ

ȴϷŹֽ̧Ȧһֻȥ׷˫ĵ÷ѪɫĴ
˿ŵСɡ
һͣջߣţ
ŬƽźƬ̷ж͸㡣
Цʲô
ȷſҡ
ΪؽɿȻ
Ŭȥ𣬳Ժͷŵ˱Ǻ˽ֽ͹Ȼ󹧹жԶ˶Զȥˡ
ֽƵǰСɿϲϲ
˳ʶʱͷͬʱѧС¶˲õۡ
𿴵£ֽֽ̧д򿪣ͷһױī顣
ǲͨıī顣
һ֧µĸֱʺƿ׵īˮһǲƷпǹƷ
˰Σ˵
ЩСɲϲô
ŻعЦֱףϲ̫ϲˡ
ŵһüЦ״
𿴵ó̲ס̧ḧüۣʣ㾿˭ΪλйĹƷ


37 
ۣЩŵҴĸҪġ
ĸǻ׹ݣ
ͷ
׷ʣʲôϵܺ;Сײϻø˿϶Щϵġ
㲻ˣ֪ܳʲôѻ
״ЦϸĲˣ㲻˵Ͳ˵ɡ
תͷ𣬡СԸʱұ㽫Щ
Ӧá룬ܹǮʱȥ߶ԷҪߡ
ĥãۼҹɫЩмܲסᴭƿ𣬡СɣղˣЩȥգջҪȥ֡
塣
΢΢һ壿Ϊ壿
ҵģЦʲôҽﲻߣ
ŷϣûûС
֪û׼ãȻٹָ¡
ͷЦҵ㡣
뿪źЪˣڴϷȥ˯ţЩ£Ϸ̣ÿ죬˱ӸϣȻѹסļ¶
ճɵɵЦ˯ȥ
ڶʱչȥ¹ɽׯ鷿ݶˡ

˯̫ʱ˻û𣬹С͹Ҽ᷿ͷͷҴ˵
̣µû𴲣̲סЦݶתһ˫ȣ򢣬᷿򣬵𴲣Ժ̲ס˯ʲôӡ
ûȵ𴲣ȴȵ˹γׯͷȥ
Զ׷ȥ
ʱպٴȥǴϴβͬιҸϵʱǶڰɽʯǰѾ˼ˡ
һź棬֣ԶԶߵĶ棬ʹҹҲһ۾ֿ
ڰ۲żˡ
˵˵䣬㳯ʯŴȥˣָߵ£Ӧź䣬ȥ
༸ҲŹҵȥʯŴ
ͷֻʣһʱԾǰһѽסָצסʺͱС
סȻŲҪкΣֵֻһΣȥԣ°Լϣͷףƴϣ˰ˣŴ
ѧָߵţʯų򿪣ͷ̽ͷ˵š
ţ΢΢һ
˵ͷſЩ
𣺡
žǡšôʣ
߽ȥǰƵһңѾнʮΧһԲԣʮԲͷ
Բ̧ͷָͷλӣ
˳
ֵʼɡ
༸˵ͷ½ｫǰ׼õļ¼ȡϡ
ǣڸղŹļЩ˵ʱֻܽԼϽеһСóϡдС˵¡
ͷٴοڣߣ㿪ʼɡ
ֱߵ˵ͷԼļ¼ͷˣճǷƳʹİٶʮˣӣų
ǻ㱨֮ˣûϵǽˣΪȻǻʵֱӹϽĲţȴһֱ໥Ըģʱǻ㱨֮˶Դͷ˵ʮֹģ
˻㱨꣬ͷף¼ֳһ̧֣ʾϽ¼ʼ㱨
״Щ£һҪС˵½Ǵͷˣ
ǿѹвŬһ˵Ļ㱨ݾ׼ȥ֮ܳ
㱨ľǷ˲ͬһ㱨ȫǾ¹ɽׯ£Ӿȥʲôˣ˶ٲ˵Щ롣
ĩˣҶ˶٣Ǵ̿ȥ¹ɽׯ鷿ʱֱʱ̷뿪޷鷿Ժ̿;޴Ӳ鿴ūŵľƣӦЩ͵ûûƤå¡
𣺡
͵ûûƤå£˵˭أ
ͷ˵ͷ˵áҵļ²
С˾䣺Ǵ̿͡Ҫô
ͷ֮ҡͷͷˣͷϡ
ĬĬ̧֣ӡ
ͷֵ֮²ϽΧ֮ڣҪǴ̿Ͷ֣ҲǾ߷֮¡˵ֱӿ𣬡ߣݻ㱨
ʺͷŴͷ֮˳֣װ򶨵ؽԼС˵µݹȥ
ͷ֮˽ᣬ̯ͷݣ˰Σסüͷ𣬡ţʲô
лҪ˵һ


38 
Ȼ飬֪ʱҪǲ¶ӣסµһ˫ۣҴǴ̿õġ
Ǵͷ֮üͷøЩɤôˣ
𵭶ϻˡ
ͷ֮˱㲻˵ֻǵͷֽᷭ˼ҳʵڲĿЩεؿ飬һߣֿ𣺡ǴǴ̿õģ
򶨵ͷǡ
ͷ֮˳ĬƬ̣üչЦãϲɺأ
𣺡
ͷֵ֮ߣǴ̿Ҳа˰ɣܽǴ̿͵ˣشͻƣܺã֣
̹Ȼ佱ˡ
˾㱨꣬ͷ֮˽´ͷʱ䣬ֽЩ滰Ҫٽɢ˻ᡣ
ʯųֱȥ˰ҵߣѾˣɫ򢣬ȷǰ׷ɱİһԾġ
ϸѲһ飬İʹ㶾ذףֻһͰ͵ļ²
𽫰ذס²ͬҹһͻסɫƬ̲ҵֱȥ¹ɽׯʯϿС˵
Ƶĵƹ⽫۽޷Ⱦϲǳɫҹͷ˫նЩ죬ĵôɰ׼ϸ塣
۵ﶼǰסһ¡
תͷǳЦСɣˣ
оϷ˫øЩͷô䣬ﲻȥ˺ܾã
ҡͷֻƬ̡
תͷʯ϶ѾҶˣҲãˡ
ɫЩ֪Ц̽ǰ𴽽Ǽ£ֻ˿
ϸӿ⻹һ̧һѿס󾱣ȥ
Щмܲסƿ΢΢ţǰ˰ںɫµһ
Ŀԣ˼һٿ̧֣ȥժߣ߬ס
ߣָȻû취ٿ߰֡
Ƭ̣֣ˡ
СɲĿʾǱˣһѲСɵʵˡ
С˭ϲԵȣСԼԸݵһ졣
ûм֣˿˫߬ϸֱӽ˱ϡ
ͺһֻ̧𲱾պ
ȥ
𣬡СɣˣԸ췣
ţЩƣȻñǼ࣬еӯϢ˵ɣô
䶵óǷۺè
𣺡
óģǶè
תϱȻҲϲɫߣ㻻ҿ
еڣߵѹ֡
Щˣϣʶػȣͷָߣϵè˵
״Ц
ԼûԸԼҲûǲԸèˣ
Ǹĺӡ
ô뿴
ͷ
ģԼԺҪ챻ŴˣεĳͷǷźòã´ٷһ𷣣
󣬵ͷӦ
һڣԺǮˣߣԸ𣿡
ãȻתͷ𣬡ȥδ
ЦȥĶУ뿪뿪¹ɽׯߣ𣿡
룬ͷá
ǡ
صԼСլߵļ¼ͷβһ顣
Ӽ¼߾רְģСдҲΪǡĿʮסոĿꡱĿʮסΪȤļ¼
߸˴δϹһֱ֪ģÿγҲʼձ־裬δѰס
ٵﾹȻô˵ġûϵġ
뵽ʧЦ
ߣǸӦµڻҰɣ
ǰ¥ͷСֶһö࣬Ȼô˼ȻѾˡ
ϧ
ΪԼݱ¶ԥԾҲӣϧҵ̫
պãԤԺߣʱȥǰӹռ鱨
ڶ»ϰʱ𽫺һϸ͵ǰ
ɨһۣЦЧͦ߰
𿿽Ȼⷽ츳ϸٸˣӦҵأ
̧ۿҴӦʲôˣ
ĸƼְҪˣ
ڰ֣Ҳ޷ֽʸҡ
һԼ͵ıī飬Ա֧Լëʺ͸ֽݸ
Ҳſһ۱񹩷һױī飬ҡͷֽʣдһ֣ݸ𣬡ҪţҪ߾ֳҸġ
ס
ͷֽչͷŵǴĿ֣

лҪ˵´θҪˣӦûֳһ


39 
֣á
ԨܷƸߣ
ôͨ
ľͷ׮ƵĴãһڣʣôֿô죿ĸֲʶүҽ㣿
ϢԴô
ģǮϢⶼ֤ף
ûףҪʲô
֮ǰȥͭ·Ϸ˰һҪҵס鵽ʵݣ϶ҪҸͷ
Ϊʲôֹֽܷ
ûֽܷΪʲôֹôˣһҲû
ܲķ
λүòᡭǶС˵ԭˣ˵裬ϲˣ
뵽һ񺮣ս˦˦ͷԼһӳˡ
ͷϹˣˣᡣ
и߲Ĺ̶λԱһΪ۵ΧС˵ģһ棬ΪܲӪҵٷ֮ʮ顣
һյĻҪһⱾ̫үǣѾӽڲӡˢֵĲˣȥֽȲģʽڶǣײλ̫أҿɷ̫٣ֶ¥ӵ²˵ҲԱǳߵĶ⹤
ƾֵλã򵥽һ飬Ȼн˼档
ߵȻܲ㣬ǱۺˣС˵ֵƸƹ㵽гȥǱϺɶ֪ˣҪеķգ
ƾףֻ˵ˣû˵ʲôת𣺡Сл˵
ͷֳԼӡˢֲܲ㣬ûпܽίиⲿӡˢ֣
ƾ˼Ƭ̣ͷ취ǿУֻǡڽģӡˢ֣ӡˢ֡
Աŷƾ߷ϡ
үҵ񰡡
ʱŶǽߺȲ裬תͷŷƾЦʣֳҺҪǣߴô
ƾ飬ף鲿԰æò
ͷƾֳôңұӦ㡣
΢ۣؿͷƾܾ֮Щ죬˵֡
ƾĬƬ̣޲ֻüۿűǰЩ鲿ѣˣǲȥҡ
鷳߾ֱ۴ϷƾȥɣҲһ仰¡
ƾһ񣬡Ǳͷ鲿ˡ
ЦЦͶ䣬ֳն۲ۣ
ƾֱӽڶ⡣
ײλãƾֱӷˣֲܷͼþйɶܸͨģͼײƳϱزͬ⡣
ݳĬ֮󣬷ƾٴο
ɤӣֳڵǶʮ鴰ڣֱڴ̨ϰڷŷײС˵ô
ôУŸϲ̨ģɹȻ鴰ڣ˿Ц
ΪʲôУʣ涨д鴰ڲܷģҵֵͷôϲ̨ˣ
Цƾֳķ鴰ǰ֮˿ʵ棬ֳ˼Ī֮¡
ƾ˼Ƭ̣벻ҪһΪءСֲδĹ涨鴰ڷ飬鼮޸ߵ͹֣֮ײС˵ʷ鼮ͼСУһᾡ찲ȥ
ֻ־ͰˣֳҲŷ裬ʵڴȥֱˤųȥ
л˾ֳ壬ɢ˻ᣬչǷ鴰ڵɧѧģ
ЦһƷĳ˹ѧġ
ʲôӣδ˵ţˮһںȾˣȥӡˢ̸ְȥˣúдİɣȷǷţҳԷ
Ӧ£һ񣺡ಿ
ǰߣžͰѸֽʼд顱ֱд緹ʱ䣬˹ͣ뼸λͬһߣԶԶƳ߲ˮİɫ½ǡ

̧ųǲˮȥ߽ȥŷ־ͷ
һ
ЩεЦЦظ񡣡
˵תҪȴںͷС
Ťͷ£
彫һ˫ֵݹȥС֮ǰ˵ҪıĴһµĲҸĺˣСĿ
׽ӹˣͷʵĲָĵüΪҲϣĲ֣ҲЦŵͷӻ壬ȴֵģҪݾ¥ԴֱӸȥǡ
ˣмػһֵҰǮɣҪ٣
Цҡͷ˵ģҪǮ
ɫԵ޹ΪʲôҪңǮûȥɣҲҪˡ
Щŵؽͷұ꣬ɷĸ¸һݣ
Ҳ룬ЦҲ̫ˣҴְµļ¶˸ɡ˵ת׼ڲֿȥ
ǰһסֱۡ
𼹱˲ֱֱۣ󣬾ؿ塣
ڨڨȻջ֣Ц˵ҲҪӡˢ棬ҡҪֳ棬ô
壬ĬƬ̣һǸǮɡ˵սǮó˵㣬һ㶼ȥ
ȴ˫ֱ˺һҡͷҲҪǮֻҪָ塭
Щƣü壬ָҲģǮǾ鷳Ӵߡ
ʧ䣬ԥΣֽǮ
ǡת׼뿪ֺס´λָô
ҲؾҪˣӰ첻ã´ͨҪӰɣ㲻רҼ档
廹Ҫ˵ʲôߵĻʻȥֻ˾䣺ҽջˮô
΢΢üɣˮҲҿģ
ͷˡ
ǣֱ¥
°ʱ䣬ĸº͡顱д꣬뵽ܻڲˮ䣬Ӻ뿪׼ֱܿȥǣԶԶȴվǱ϶
üվԭزٿǰ֡
תЦų߹С
ޱ鳯΢΢ף֮Ĭƿȥǣ
ȥǣĿ䣬ɱ
ЦݽסԾ˺һ۵д֪룬ҡֻС𡣡
𲻿ٶ˵ʲôֱӷǡ
׷˼תǴһӰͣ
һֺԺŴʱ˾վſڵæ
ɽׯңô֣
һɨǰǰȥԷ֣ȥ
ûվƳһ͵ǰ֣תȥˡ
ֺ׷ȥȥģ
ֱԶԶС̽ͷ⿴ĹСȥ
ǰһסˣ
һѳֱۣСĵ֣ĪҪңࡣ
˼ŻعΣûˣҸⲻǻȥģׯϰɣ˶Ӳȫ
Լ͡
δ䣬ֱӱȥȴѾӺͷסתͷ¹ɽׯȥˡ
Ťţ߷ߵȥӲԼ
øЩЦǰǲͷõôôͻȻתˣһ
һ˲ͷС㡢ԭ֪عˣŤҪҲһӲԸһȥ֣
˫ֻݵøˣߵҶˤˣףȥׯôҶС
һҲŤˣתͷ𣬡棿
ԺͻȻֳŷۺèߣͷһݣЩӲЦЦġ
ׯϣȥ᷿ʱ򣬲ʶԼ̫ˡ
ǣèǾǰˡ
лҪ˵뵽ɡǰ


40 
͵¹ɽׯſڣֽ
ֱҪԼȥվûȽȥɣֱȥ鷿㡣
תͷЦСĪҪ£ǰѾǲɢˣͷʱû
𣺡ӵôױˣ
ûֵղȥ鷿ȥ᷿
ͷһ飬йǿҵĲоӿ
һ·ȥ᷿ԸǰѶֽǲˣֻСɺԼԷ
վڴߣֱ㶿ͷŵһ׼ΪĿĴɫϲۺϲϷŵèߡ
ɢԱϣŰЦüۣСɣѾϲʱˡ
ջߣתͷЦдΣ׼ôȫ͵أ
΢΢ƫͷգգۣôСɲԸ⴩ôСɷ˵η㶼ԣ˵㻰ô
ЦݱüΪӲǣݣݾˣΪʲô׼ϲǸеİ
ЦǱȻҪ˴Ųǡ
ǳ
СϷϷôô
Ůʽ·Ҵȥ
˵˾䣬Լһ¡
صᣬ˱СɵƵģ᲻ģСɷġ
𣺡
ǰгﻮ˶ãòҲ㰲ŵİɣ
¶ϲ˵ˡ
ԽѥˣϣĿʼշϣдţҲ
˼ˣ˭Լ̯أ
ǰһһ׺صĴϲ۱תȥ
֣Ҫȥģ
Ťͷ·뿴
𣬡ΪҪȥ䣿ͷҿա
סݵʧ֮ϹаЦ뿴ûⰡ
󷽷ϲ¶شϣʼǰ½
|Ѷ࣬Ϊһ㽫ȥ˿ûɫκα仯ԼԽԽֻ̣µʱĿɤȥ۲ٿˣСˣСɣ㡢ȥͷա
սǰת
һۿ볨ŵǰͷʵź;ϵļôȥգҡ
͸ˮƵһЦݸˣֱӻǰǰ˫ֳϣֱһ˫ʢҵۣһ£Ҿͳȥ
۲ӣɶƵýŵͷɢʻ壬ʵ޷ӣƵشƳۣ㿴ͷÿļһ·ʧڿ
յͷתȥϢЩˣҪЩȥ
״Ц̽£תϲ۳ȥˡ
ηץϲԼ룬һںȹ⣬Ȼѹĵȡ
ûе̫ãٽʱѾǴˡ
˵ʽϲխ֫ǽŮʽѴ㳡ƣ˿֮磬˼о͸ЩеʣǶŽ»δйɱ
Щ㶵ضãһʱ˿ڡ
Ц𣿡
Żعͷá
˵գüЦˣŵ˫ȷһֻ֣㡣
Цţǰסֻϸֱ֣ĦһʳָۣǰһҪȥĴ
ٿ̧ţƳţǳЦţʲôȰ¡
΢΢һͣܿЦ̧סԼϵĽţƣݼ©ļƺߣԷģ̽ѹȥ˫ֳͷ࣬ѹֺĳƣʲô£
Ŵ齷򣬡ȥϡ
𴽽ǣǣ˫۳ϥѣ˴ᱧ齱ߣ£үҪô
ɪһ£̧ƿţ˵ˣҪ
ⲻô׷ţϵϸ˿һ飬ҪĿ⽫ǰ˰һֵǧүʱ֣
ܿߣͷȥܵͷӽ̧߸һֳСЩС˵ͷβһ뱾鲢ï
𣺡
лҪ˵ܻҪӰ࣬Ŀû㶨
±ȽԵԲסorz


41 
Ҳ벻һԼдĲᷳ
Ϊʲôдô౾£Ųһֳֳ
ڴϣһȣֳϥϣűСᣬ۵׾Ǿ
ЩСѾñ߽ǾװҲЩĥˣͷδεֱñȦм丽ע⣬дŲͬĳ̨ӦʲôӦ
룬Ӱ۶ԴԼľ籾Ҳˡ
һʱһµģٶȫʣЩʱ䣬Ӧûʲô
նҳ㱻ͣˡ
ʱſͷͷһС֣ܣðͷдҪԱİ⾡չ¶аֱǱͷʼٶһ顣
Цñȿ޻ѿ
ڴϣﱧϲŵˣÿٶǷǣȴֻöԾٰС˵
ǣԸԼû¹ɽׯ
ʱٴοڣ޳һָָеĻ˴ԾⷬѵĻʱӦǱϿʵǣһ顣
Ͽʵ硭
׷ҷġ
ƻˣĿ챻ĥ⣬߻ߣʲô˵㣿
ͷͷֱ̧۳ţһ˫¶۶𣬳Ĭ
ֻƬ̣ͷˣ̾ͷ˵㡭
֮һȵʱԺ⴫
飬۴߷࣬ջߣҪڣѾ˯š
ǹЦŨܵĽë΢΢£ǸоĶͷǰ£˸ƣ˯ˡ
ͷ뽫ƽ˯Щȴüͷ£С˾䡰øˡ
ҡͷֱЩ˯øȵ㣬ֱ۽ڻ
ϰڼҹȣԭЩ֫Ҳɵůü۱չ˯Ц
ͷףؽһ³ȻһۿⲻʱļƬҶ֦ͣŵֻȸ
ɫС£ҴñǣΨһ¶ͷСԴǣֵͷ˯ģãĬĬȥ佫ϲۻ÷ϣȻ뿪ȥϰˡ
𽫵ĸдʱ򣬿һֵȥҵ衣
˲裬ɫ̫ãʣӡˢ̸²˳
ҡͷǸʲô˳ģԼĳӣһ¡
˭ˣ
ָ̧ӣ㡣
ôǵˣ
һۿ©ൽˣߣȥͷȸƳԵСˣġ
ſһۿ©ʱ°࡭ǵʲôˣ
ĵ㰡ˣߡ
˯ʱѹԺ㱾ֻһΣüͷšСɡ
үСͷš

С߽ڴϣŵķЩң˯úˣһϻԵѹۣջĿ⣬µСȥ˽źүϴ¡
ûӦֻʣأ
Сһʱסү˵ˣ˼Ƭ̣ү˵Сְͷ뿪ˡ
ͷڴͷᣬͷһҳЩءŶһֵȥա
һȥ˴Ⱦƣһ¾Ʋ˾ֺǺ뿪ˡ
ڣͷһ˵˵ϸٰɡ
˿ھƣŴỹҪ֣δ̫࣬ϸʲô𣿡
ƷĽǶ˵ûκ⣬¾룬̽˴ߣ˿ڽͷ벿֣ʵ۲Σ֮й̫ӸүĲ֡ǲӰʲô㷴̫ӵߴ˴գѹЩСǲ֪ʲô̫ӵܣ
ЦȻϵģûУˡһСϰգ֪̫ʲôܣⶼҳϲдô´鹹ͬʵɺϣôܵأǲǣ
ֶȻˣߣĿǩָ𣬡СӡˣûӰ䣬Ҳɡ
Լǿˣæƿ⣬һأ
һСǵġ
Цˣôˣ
̧ۣԶԶ·վŵˣЦ̧룬˵ܲٲܲٵ
Ťͷվֶ棬Ц
һվСӭȥֶ档
лҪ˵һˣ
ոᣡϸֱʺ
ȤȥҵԤѽ
򡷣ˣǿǿƫɣ±ɳǻ᲻ҡ
Ժӿɳģ˫Ϲд


42 
ôվǰЦ
Խͷȥߵȥֵ·ϿǣˣСĲ֣
ˡ
ջߣ˵ֻԲһ˫ۿڵԼȥһ
𳯺һڴǰõľֱľ׮СʣЩԥȥ
ͷô
תƴüŪۣÿһ鼡ѾĥʲôϽ
תȥǿԣͷЩɾߡ
ҡͷùߣȥڴһ˫ۿ
Ҳܾ˫ۣ˵ʲô쵽ߣһҪĨһŵﭹ¡
˸һǴִмŵĹÿͲȥ·˺ˮȽˮƱˣȡ˫мﵹˮϴֽϴ˼飬Žײ;߰ǰ
ȫ̶ϹЦ
̾Ϣҡͷһźˣ̱ڴүү˼ڷͷݶһ˸ˡ
Ƴһû
ؽϵľƲ˶һ顣
룬ǰ¥˳ʳȥֲˮ䣬ֻ¹ɽׯ鷿ͷԺ׼ЩĵģСɶȱȱɸղվڽֱ߿СɳʳʱȴǺܿĵģҲûǰľн
˸ƶϣӦСʮϲʳˣºϼŸ÷Ըׯϵʦѧѧʽǰʦֱȥׯϡ
뵽̧Ҫȥǰ˵ĿָҪǩ׽ס
涼͡
˵ţ̧⣬øϴĿӰⶼߣȥ
ʵڿȥ۾һ𣬡õĻأԼԣȻι
л̧ۣҪϵĿӺǩССɣԼԡ
ȴֲǩҰŪү˾˵ģˡ
Գϰƹϳ𶪹ȥ
ҧһڣղ˵ĵڶ⣬ڷ㽲ô
ͷԷ壬ȥ¼Ҳ¥Ҷ¼ģ
һֱܿȥſ
̹ȻͷжӰæġ
ϹЦ˿Լʲô⡣
ԹԷͷƣĲʹô
գգۣΪĻʹԷֲҿġ
ҭסʧԷȫСǳİɣСֱŤԼڴϽвУԷˮ
Ͻֽסˣһʱ֪ȥ컹Ķ䣬ֻԹүע㳡ϡ
ƳǣעⳡϣüȥҲûעⳡˣַ߷Ȼ֮ǰĸ˶ףװȥ¥ϷãֱӰ˸ŪˣϣĵҲˣԸȥɡ
ü۳ҲڿԼϷݲ¥Ҹȥһģû뵽ү¾ǱԼģ֪ĵǸԲ𡣡
ڰ֣֪ˣˣ
ؿŶˣСɵģȥ¥ﴫ
ͷԼļƻ˵ˣס籾ԣıİ汾ڲ¥ϷչܴӰӦñȵҪ࣬չгȻܴС˵
漰СɵģžԼ£˼Ƭ̣죬ߵĻ˻ȥ
ĻˣԭҲûһٷȥҲˡ
ƣһʼĬĬվĹСֿ¹ɽׯҰɣ˶࣬ͲҪȥˡ
ȴҡͷڳﻹЩ£Ȳȥ
Ҳʲô£ֻͷ·עⰲȫȥߣ˱ȥʻԶתȥ
ֱȥ¸ûᣬ֪¼Ҳ¥ֵͷȥ˲¥
ӭȥ̫߳ˣ㾹¥Ѱң
սݣ㿪żɽʣСģ
ͷ㷢˻ĸҲҿǻ屶ļǮǵ˽Ǯȫȥˡ
ҿҪ˵˵ΪСģҵûҵȣ ˵һİǰճǮ²֪ĸͱҵȥˣΪֱլг裬ֱڸҪҼҷźЩŵҶһˣֻܿ¥Ϊô࣬ҪúøлҲǡ
࣬ûĻ磬ֻ
лҪ˵֮еһ½
սԱڿԳˣ½Ż~
ҵսԱԵҺʽԤٳ
սԱ͵·
(룬ֹ̤


43 
屧߽ߵѪɫȥˣƬ̣عʱ۵дɬ;񣬡ү湫ӡ
ӱšһյߣôãҪȥұ㸮ȥС̫ЩǮûҡ
Ƴһֿۣ壬ǱС˵ĵӵˡ
Ӧתٵ
ӣɫԽԽ䣬ĿҪԷ
ῴ⸱ģҡͷȻϲͲҪǿԼ˰ɣαأ
бᣬ֪Ӳϲ
Цһȳʺѿϲ
ᣬ˫ģУҲ˵˻У
һ̧꣬ԼֻŴȥ
ף㹲ж٣ʡ
ʵˣֵеӶ
彩סֻ
Щͷһʲôȥã
ٳȥܿ챧һ׻ϡ
ⷭҳЩҶˣǮջ
׵ʲô鷳Ǹӣֱȥˡ
᣺졣
ƲƲ죬ˡ
¿壬Ƭ̣СΪСȡ
㲻壬ӽ𣬱ӲϣСɶ֣ȥ㵨ٽһΣʮΣȥһΣһȣ𣿡
Բ˫ӿż򣬳ҭŽ
⸱ģЩģСļƽʲôѾˣҸ㱣֤Գ¥ˣҲء
Ự˵һ룬Ŀֻڨڨ졣
¿壬̬˭װϷдҲ㣬˽ӽСɣġ
ΪС˵дԼСʱ򣬴ʱֱӴ˼ֹͣǰ湫ӣ֪ˣֻ湫һ·
һ·ν·дСɿô
ƴҡͷǰ׽ס½ǣ˵湫Ĺң湫ӡ
һ½ǴгʲôҲҪĪҪȥСɰˣҲί㣿ôǻȥĪҪ룡ȥգӿķ
岢δҲٽʲô粵ĵĻˣֻܹǰᡣ
״ˣ²ճæ˽ȥҡͷ̾Ϣ
ۿôϧ񣿡
ϽҡͷǣҵǮ˵Ժĵףǲڲ¥ˣϧƱһڣҰ˽ǮȫȥˣԭָǸı׬һأҲ̫ЩҵĲ·Ҳˡ
ԺףҾίиڲ¥á
⣬ǺαأôȦӣԼǮӻǷ⳪Ϊ˷ԼȥСɣҲ̶Ȱɣ
ֻͣԼеҪĿ˵ˣֻӣҳǮ¼Ҳ¥ʾؽչСɵĸıס籾
Щȫǣֻǣнһ¼Ҳ漰ȫ¥ϷԺȫҪ
Ҫİն֪СɣϲСɵġ
˵ŵòᣬֶЩˣķ𣿡
ȴЦ˼ҲûУͷûˣֱȥ˵
ǧҵҰ㣬Ұ㻹УĳҪ㺦
ЦʲôҵţزὫˮ
಻ԣãΪСһ
ԺҵЩ쾭塣
ԼǰӽͨεҰԣиҪСɵһġ
üͷšʲôȥ
ҡͷΣүүСʲôҲãҶҪ¼Ҳ漰¥ͷˣѵǰ֪һ
ɿᣬֻ֪һ
İɣ㶼ˣֻóĻҶ
˼ãӦá
¼Ҳ¥ֱӻ¹ɽׯ˹ҹȥͭڵĴĳԺ鷿ͷڵĳʳ
ԥԥүֵطĳӡǶ̫ɾĶҲʵǡ
ȥȥϻʲôǳһ䡣
ŹӦͷȥ


44 
·ݼϷд黰Сύ
ϿСᣬ
Ժߣȥģʡ
Ťͷ˼гЩ黰˫հ͸죬ҲЩ룬ţ
ЦظһԼ⣬һ¡
˼һȥ󡣡
΢΢סûϵһϱߵƫƧСǣΪʲôȥ
ã羰ҲãĸϲĴ˿ġ
ǰΪڹִ˿ĵķȥ󣬸յǱ߾ϲСǡ
Цϲĸ
ͷԺҺСȥ󣬿ںԺģڱ͸ĸĸһϲС㣬ĸԺ֪ˣһϲ
ᵽĸʱ͸ŻԼδĲ
ĿֱܿȥЦ
뿪˹ҹָһ¾Ʋ˵ǴĳôСɶЩһȤûУҽЩġ
ΣūмԴҲƭүǣǳġ
һⳢˣζǰȷһģΨһֻͬǷ˾ЩĴ
ҵүλүϲЩ˶¾Ʋ˰㲻ˣ绹ǴǳӻȥԺȥ˰ԭʢʳӱ޴
룬˹ҵ飬ã㰲ȥա
ڶдµʱ򣬹ͻȻѡ
ͷڸٿͷ˵סˣ̧۾Ϳñǿ׶ֱ£
ָһ¥õĶǿƨɸűƸǩֵİɣ·ɾĻɫƾʲôλϣ
šƨɡֽ·ļ˶̲סмֱӿ̽ͷһʱ˽ڶ
űĹţ̹ãֱƲĿ⣬źЦһǰƿǷײİ칫ߵģվȻݹ٣Ҳ²£ʲôǵǴô϶ֵԭŶĪҪְнˣлר̹֪һ˹һȸ
ԭΪԼù¶ض²̨˶˵ֻ𣬿ûϵ˱ԼøҪԶһһֻܷ߷˦һ䡰޳޻˵ֱתԼȥˡ
ǩͬ¥Ͼ˹ŵĻʱͳ̨ף£ȴѾˡ
ٿȴȻ˽ļԱչСӾȥղҥЩ´οʱһģҲġ
ȴЦҡͷû£רȥ壬ôҲں
û뵽ܰ¿ôôȣ
̹ȻͷҺ;ʲôϵôǵ£ֻҪС
˶ֻϣϲ˿ƽȴ㹻
ļ磬Сӡ
磬̽ȥ֮ǰǩԼǼ䷿ԭȵǰóԱ߷˷°Լ飬ֳѾλɶ룬Ϊֵܷͷд֣СһµĻû飬ɺԼĸ
ЦŽµĺͬùĵȻһΪֳҪ̧ͷд֣Щεҡҡͷ
˵ɺͬĺôڵֳɻᷭ屶ڵƣ´θѷڴڼǮܻ֮ǰܾɱǱΥԼˡ
˺ͬ°ȻСլʦȥ˷ţٴʦҪϵʽ˵ԼҪծˡ
Լػٸȥ¹ɽׯʱˬת˼Ȧá
׵˫糺죬ʣģ
ЦҹյС̫Ͼˡ
ϵĹӳУ̻ɢҹһ˫
.
ĸ󷢷ţ֮ǰɢɢǮһǻƽһǧʮ
ΪдĸӸǲǮһûԤ֮ȥϱ߹Сӵʱ
Լ⼸Щ˽²ȥ¹ɽׯˣֺ˼٣ΥԼãԤȥʦæϵ˺ϰ
ϰ̤Сլվſڵ
ʦЦǰȥ
飬üȴЦŵģǮչˣ
ΪԺӦӰｫһƱϣһһǧʮƽһǧ֧ΥԼ𣬶ʮǸʦƵġ
ԼǲǮֻĵѡ
һϳƱ¶ЩЦãҰȥ¹ȥˣһزڡ
ЦҲزˣֵܷǩԼд֣Ҫ׬Ǯء
ýôͽΥԼ𶼸ˣҪǮʲôһȥѽôΪʦȥ
ţдС˵һܸʦ׬Ǯŵġ
ţס𣬡СѧṰײˣ
ٺЦ𻰡
ϻοЦͷðϢѽ˳ְԼǶʮƽ𻹸𣬡ΪʦЩǮȥƸˣزȥ
ƱƻȥТʦģôֻңַǳС죬ǮҲ
˵Сˣɤźǳ⣬ӣֵʲôţģôʮƽڲڿұò꣬Ŷţܼ⣡˵̲סִͷ
򣬡ھһҪ׬Ǯġʦ˼ˣȸȥΥԼ½˰ɣ
أһ̧֣ϾܾСΪʦֱҹУΥԼ³䶨ǰȲҪڲڣ¶ˡ
ڨڨŶһʦˣסߣ
ԽͷСƵլһۣ˺ܳһ˼붷뵽ĳգҾͲסˣԶٷ߰ɡ
ЦӣʦʲôҸȥ
Žլǰȥɡ
룬㣬ȥͷж±ţ
ǰСӰǰɹ̫ͷ֣̫˳鷳ļζóԣͷţ±϶ŵ̫ˡ
Щεʦʲô
°ͣɡ
𣺡
ʦˣԼⷢӣȥ˲˳˻ʦʲôƣ
ǽϴɡ
ҪȥصҪЩʱˣһѾͷȥͭɣ˾ƻˡ
һֱӣǳϷˣΪʦøҹ·زڣвУȥɣΪʦԼȥͭơ
ϹãҲʦҹ·ȥûһһš
˲˼²;ߣûأԹȥլӺͷˮϴˣϴת֪ˣЦӭȥһۿͷϤӰһĳȵס

̳ƣתͷ˵Цδע⵽һ
Ҳѧ̳ƣֻǺԼϰ߱ž̳·ߵСԶԶЩޡ
߽ˣ̧üЦ״Сɡ
תͷ𣬡ӣС˵ѣҿһվǴͷ÷ֿģͰһԷˡ
ʦֻ⡰Ŷһǰȥ̳ƽͷȥ
̧ۿסСլһʱǧ
һ߷ӴС¹ɽׯС᷿ҪСЩͷɫשͷüΪ⣬Ĵ©磬ǽǳ̦ݶƬˣҲ֪᲻©ꡣ
󣬼Ҫźˡ
ڿżǰػعͷײųȥ𽫾̳Ҹڳ׽סֱۣ°͵լͷĿյأȥȰɣҪ治ɾֱ
ӿСլһ˾Щл㱵ģǶ˼ȥʱô˵㶵ӦתЩӲڿյǰóΨһһŵֱͦ˼Զպϼ
ԣž̳ȥ谵ƲֵʰϵͲˣȥӣΪʦʲôˣ
𲻸ҵʦֻǿŰײˣ˵Ǿˡ
ɫһ±òҰס


45 
죬βʳһ䣬֪ݰɣ
ҡͷûǰժߣǰҲûסĵط
Էͷмǲǰ¶ݣǽӹɱģ֪ݣͱȥǣڶԲ˶ߡ
˵ţһ۷ͷΪʦˣҡס˭ģϢңΪʦȥˡ⹢Сʲô·֪𣿲һ˰ɡ
һŲ˵ֱ̧õָʦ
ͷָԼĲ˵̧ͷͽܣˣû뵽һԼͽܽ
𾪾çײˣϽ˵ͷ˵Լ뾰˲ͬԺ׬Ǯ뿪뿪
׬Ǯ֣ǰǷϵȻ򣬡ѽС˸ӣ˵Ҫž
ŵûŷµֱζס죬ʦСͷأ
ߣһζǾˣͲǻϲӸΪʦ㣬ǲôͬʦֵĸУƫôСӣǺÿôͲһˣ㿴ڶ㻹˼ʾȥˣҪ꣡
վǿʦá
һϣʲôţ
ջߣ𵶣ûҾʹһӹ
ڻƵĹ￴ãСӣģ
ƶͷ϶ģⱲӶ䡣
ת̨ϣ˫۱ǰſڣһǽʳģԸ㣬εӣⲻùģʱ㲻䣬ȱˣô죿
ЦʦҪȥܷ׬ǮҲһӵģܸʳʱٴߣһչ˺ġ
̾ϢҡͷС˶ӣûһΪʦʡĵģɣСΪʦ㣬ڴ뿪֮ǰ֪ݡ
סڱ¶ˣ˳ϲݣ֮ǰҪˡ
˵Ĳκλڣæ˵СԼᴦʦġ
ҲС£ûм֣һϣֳȥˡ
˻𣬸հϣ˴Ӻͷס
ϣͷ˲ͷֽδ
ôˣŤͷͷףͷọ̈̄ҲһζˣŪˡ
û˵øЩҡͷ
ͣ϶ת棬Ȼͷ˵
°ͽͷ̧ۿЩ죬ľ;ôˣ
˶٣СɣǲȱǮҿԸ㡪
ҲȱǮҪǮǸʱŵĵطԺҸˣȥú
üͷȻšţḧüͷչƽ
̧׽ס֣СɣȥׯסɣкܶշԭҲûסģҲǿţ硪
ٴδҲȥ˽լסġ
˵㲻Ըסĵؽ磬һլӸ㣬⸽鷳
ҡͷլӣȥ¹ɽׯסʲôҲþǮġܴԼǺ;py׵ҥԸʵ
üͷ΢ĿЩ̵𣬡ڿң
ҡͷûУֻǡôࡣ
ҹòడ̹ȻأͦڵģȥׯϣҷŹòˡ
˵ʲô죬ȴֲ֪˵ʲô
״Цͷ£ֽ򷭹ȥߣȥߵŰɣͷ̫ˣû취
ٿתϲ֣Ҳȥ㣬ռط
ʧЦҲû취ɻȥȰɡ
ҲһԸ֡
̾ȥˡ
ճʵڲ㣬˶ɫȫ
ǣģʵܲˣŵ㣬ҿˣóԷֱӻȥˡ
Ƴʦһۣ֮ǰڴѲ;ȫһŵݸ
ţСǲǸʲô󲡣մŻһ
˿⣬ʦԵˡ˵㻰
죬һͽϡ
룬ûϹиġ
飬Ǻ޲ܰԷⶼ޹ƤԵù𣿡
üЦͷԺȥϱߣСɻҳô
ҲЦˣ˵Ȼ
ֱҡͷһٷԱûв֪ǿˣ󽻴˵֪ͨȻ̳Ƶسˡ
Ŀʦ뿪¹ɽׯֽסĵطҪ͸¶κˣ𣿡
ͷ̧Сɽһȥׯϣɺã
ЦԵ޹ȥʲôϴҴŮװģϴζһҹɤ춼ûãǱ˰ɡ
ҡͷָʶزŪ½󣬡ġҲϲֻС˯һ
һסݵ󣬶Żˣ֪֪ʲô
ȴЦ̧𣬡СԸô


46 
Ŀγдڴ
û취ܾһ˫ۣȴû
Ϊ˫дڴ۵ף
ϣԼĵһΣʼԼϣϴȥׯס
ǣȻ̤ɫ¹ɽׯȥ
סĵط¹ɽׯܽҲʮӡ
ׯ⣬վˣҿȥɡ
תͷԭȵһ˫Сɲҽȥ
ҡͷҸȥ鷿㡣
ׯѾ󿪣һӭûȰĻᣬֱתʧҹɫС
뿪ķؿţ΢΢βЩ졣
Сȥסʼһ·Զţʱ뿪ɿӰ߳ߣСĺү
ԸȥСǷݵϢˣ֮˾˭
ϴµʱһԲɫÿ£ҪڵĻﶼסˣŵź
ֱڴϣԽԽȥ˯ţѳţҽ
ҹؾظͷ
СׯסԸ⣬ʲôӣ
֮ǰҴĳԵǴΣҳѳǲȥԭʢʳٶ˹ȻСɹ˵Լʱ򣬾ע⵽ϷŵǴľƲˡ
СܺãԼ࣬ιࡣ
֮ԹҶ˼ΣҵԳˣ̶򳬹˹С
ҶԼڿҪصε˵λʮֻϲС˼ʵÿ⡣
ֻǽյЩ֣룬ʣүѰλүס
뵽СסǸƲլӵĵطľƵʹӦҲסֵط
ҼΪ֣صصͷλү˵ģ
šüأ˵ǵطסñׯڡ
˼ţܹݡӭܵ·ˣЦ˵ð죬үȫȨūȥ죿
󣬵ͷӦˡ
ҹȥǰҵӻֶ̣Է˸ʾ˵ȫһȥʡգûо˵ʡ׵ص㡣ڶ
ΥԸԼס͸¶κˣʵûʦҪɾ
ԭ˼ԤʦһȥΥԼ£Ȼܾˣڶվͻǰʱȥ֡
ߣǰʱڶȥϢȫԺһ飬ȻڸֽͿͿ
ֽмдѧҷֱд
ͷļͷֱָѧ
ѧ֯ṹͼʽ˼ͷֱдԺÿһִ롣
ʲô췴ѽ
ٿӺͷŵŽֽ߬ɹȥүò𣿡
ŲСϰˣҪڸֽдִ治ĶһܹˣҪʲô
ϸֽų¶ʲôϹдġ
С˵ϸٿʼЩˣҸ㣬ɱǹ߻£˵ɣҲСϰտġ
ЦҾĸȥ
Ҫ˵Ц߹𣬡үҪѾڹˡ
ЩĪȥ˹ͷһˡ
ֱӽ⡣
ҵĸıĻϷ¼²ҵԼﴫЦ⵱Ȼû⣬֮áֻıһ˵˲㣬Ҫ֪ǾֳһͬС
СɷģֳǱѾ˵ˣֻҪСû⣬ǾͿʼ̡˵ţͱõһ鳯ƣǰЩɸѡȥıӣСȥĿǾκβʵĵطȥ¼Ҳ¥ҡ
ıİȨѣСɿ۰ɣֻҪ̫ףҶ㡣
£лᣬ˵أҲհȨѣүԸΪҵµҡ
ûϵԼôˣЦݶǰ˼֡
˶٣̲סʣүЩΪ
ͷȻСԼ⻰⣬ȻֵðѹõĻͷˣݵλǣȥֻһ·ǸˣЩҶ˵СҲס
ᣬҲף鷳ү㣿
ЦСʶҲЩʱˣӦÿóûôӴϵ˺£ǸСԣʱὲЩԷСҲˣȻġ
Ĵ㣬ҲΪ룬ȥ룬ǻ˲̫ĴǣĻűˣģòҪ롣
˵ʱʼհڳº͵ЦݣͻЦѲýڵĻүĻҲãҲգⶼҺ˵£޹ء
ЦûֻЩӲСɣĪҪԼݣҲǺĲŻЩ
ô𵭵²үڣû취˲ְɣҪҽݺһת𣿡
ᶢãʧЦֱ°ڣˣҲһ䣬˵ϵҲ˱ǣʡķ
ٴлүİͳȥ
лҪ˵ڲ¿ʼ˰
(ⲻϰ


47 
Ҫȥǰҵŷݼ٣û²֣ǰ뿪
ߵͷһۿ塣
ԭʶתߣ뵽ǰ˵Ϊűȥ¼Ҳ¥£¶ҲЩɡ
عǰֱǰһǰͷڵϣС
״µʲô
޵ᣬɤƵ˸ˣСңұҲ¼Ҳ¥ˡ
Ժͷһۣ壬վ
岻ţվֻܷŵǽ˰뱧ţᣬֻܷ֣ţԼ㵽һߡ
ҭŲ˵Ҫʲô㲻¼Ҳ¥Ӧȥǣڻͷȥɣܲܰȥ
ҡͷ϶˵ҹϰˣ˵ҪһȥʮԭȵļǮˣⱾ湫ӺӲҼ㣬ҽռӳ㣬ٻزȥˡ
۱ϣ˫۱ǰýżŵϵСʯ飬Ĭã̾ҪǮ
Ծסһ˫ۿ𣬶Ƭ̣ʵҡԼǮԭԷʱ´࣬ʱϰ彫СĸңʵϲҪԷЩʱգֻҪΪЩӡ
˭֪үǻ屶ļǮȥֱӽ̧ʮԭܵЩǮ㲻ˡ¼Ҳ¥ʵߣһҲȥɤӿˣû취ٽӿͣǮˡ
üͷ٣
ãȻ
ֳһ飺ڵǮٿ
С˰ʮƽ𡣡
ͷһڿ϶òôǮģƢӰߵģɵģû취ֲܡ
վһȥһˣȥˮңҹ㡣
վ뿪ԤôȴԷѾͷҲصشӺŽִ¥
ֱȥ˷ƾܲǰԤ֧ĸѸ
ĵȥµĸѾ㹻֧ǰ˰ٶƽˣȻҪԤ֧ҪȻҪЩģԼѹ˼ۡ
ƾͻ״Ǯδʾɣˬ룬ĳ£ֱȥǩֻѺǮ
л˾ֳļȥｫԤ֧ˣƱ¥ȥ塣
嶢ݹһƱãҽӡ
ȥ֮ȥȥģǮ㲻ûңģ˵ʲôػҴǸ㲻Ҫûж⣬ֻżЩСƢӦһԺҪˡ
ҡͷֶ߰ԸƱ
ǰץƱһȻת
С湫ӵĸ飬ȶԾô
ҡͷҴͷβֻϲһˡ
ôĦŸղű߬ס󴦣ֻ𰸱Ԥĸʹû湫ӣῼô
ᡣ
ƶ˵վֱ뿪
֣ӻȥһ·µķʽбƵ
ӻ̣ϰϰ֣ͷӹŵĸʾ
ǰȥ˵⣬ϰ忴ЦЩǿȴΪϣԼ׵ĺֹͬ˵ܷģжԶԶȥݾ͸¶֡
лϰ壬׵ĺͬˣܾΣԼСլǰһĻˡ
ӱ˲ֻʣһשľڵϣؽЩʯľƳˣһԶԶվţ죬üͷָӡ
𼲲嵽ǰʲô
ҿ𣬰ڳЦӴСүүūǼҹӵǰȥׯסصƤūѾˣԺиõĵؽסשҲòˣūˣ򷿵ǮūģͷĶһٶʰˣǱˣֻһء
һ˵һ룬šֿס
ڹƨһţͶԷʺǲв
ҳתǹӼǹ㣬ר㣬ĪҪ㲻ʶ
һ˵һ룬ŵ
ѥذףڹҲͻͻĶ
ذϹЮŵʼѹŵɱ쳣˳ŹƤⶼ˲

涯ɱģļ˼ԶԶ֣ŵûŻҲ˲ϣֱˡ
ĬĬȥϽԼĶһ俸𿪵һ飬´ãѾʯѵլϡ
ڷ֮ϣҹڹԺнԼʶֱߵⲽĹһ飬˿˿
ֱ𽫹ҴĿӺպã黹ȥ¹ɽׯȻֱ鷿ȥ
鷿Ժӿţ߽ȥڰͷ


48 
ǰһ뺳˦ȥ
ռ壬Ǯ
ЦϰϢͨ
ƺһʱסŭɢЩŷӽſʼɫͲ̫ԡ
ͷϣֻʧʣ㾿ʲôԭƭ˵Сģ˾ǺõҪĵزҪֱӽڼ㽫ںεأ
Ȼǰȴû˴ǰȣʲôҲǰЩˣҲײˣϱծʲôζְһѣҲ𣿡
ɣҲȥ
㲻ƾʲôҸ߹ҸûʲôΪʲô㲻ңʲô𣬻Ǵͷβ㶼ֻԼ
˵ʱƽµüۿŻأΣΣЩ㣿ܽԼԾİͶϣ֪㲻

ЦЦÿɬɬںҸüĿСӶϲģ
ҡͷȻǣֻǲȥ壬˼򵥵ҪҲô
δȥ壬Ѿƣڽϸ֦ĩڣƾʲôҼ˭סģ˵ҸʲôҲûУ㲻ңȴҪʹֶڲɵϣҸҲԸׯס㲻ģִҪҹ
ҵ뷨ҵĸܶҪֻҪӭ𣿡
Ҷ˵ʲôг裿
ǣŷϣӲ֪˫üԭ䣬Ҵδ㣬㡣
ңѾ˰
Ϊ˲Ҿͽȥ¼Ҳ¥Ĳ㣿ΪׯסùȥҵķӲ˵Ĳ㣿
ûС⹷ūž˴󵨣£޵ھͽ˽㴦á
ҡͷˣҪˡ
šüýС˵ңԶ˵ûҲ̫İΪβҪҶĴãҲ׷֮±ˣ£˻ô
˵ţȴСɫȥ۵һ˿ҲϨЩˣСɣ㡢㾿Ҫ
ҲҪҡͷϰ壬ҵĴԲ𡣡
̫ϲԼϲģΪԷҲܻӦϲ
һʼӽֻΪϲ£ֻΪдЩСᡣһɻԶĸ飬Ǿлˮ¡
ֻʵʼռǵãֻڲƭԼ
ʲôҲûǸΪСӣǸֻ㽹İ¶ꡣ
ˣ̰ˣԼĸҲܵõԵȵĻӦҲҲһϲֻһ㣬Ҳ㹻
ǰһֻԼϴϴĻȴĶסͺСɡȴ֪ΰѻȥ
Ĭúٴοڣ˻ƸɬҴͷβûϲ㻹ϲ𣿡
ǰЦͬʱʳ⣬ȴġ
𣬸ĪĻ̵ʹԾ̵۽ȥ˵ʲôҪЦ
𿴵涵ģѹҪȥǰ˵ĳ嶯֪Լʳֻܽ˱Ƶ·ˣҶˣû취ˡ
׷ʣϲĵңϲ£ûϲ裬˶˵ʲôҲ˰ɣ
ҺɽׯϷʲôֻǰظΪϷϲֻҰݵǸɫǽɫңԲŻȫںҵĸܰɣ
ãˣСɵ˵ʲô
ܸоСɵľȴ֪ǾӺζԼֽƽƴҪȥӽСɣСȴֻվһ俴סֽٳŲ벽
ٴԶĺ֮ǰҲԲ𡣡
ϲ㣬Ҵͷβֻϲһˣ㲻κ˵ϲھͭһۿǸСӣ˭Ҳ治ˡ
ҴûϲҲϲκˡ
ߣӦ˵δӦһԸ
ϲĸңû취ȥ
СЩؿƵڴϢȴȻ͸Сɣģҡߡ
˶٣Ǿ䡰ϲ㡱ߣȴٲ׽ڡ
ԺһƬ磬뵽ܵǾ䡰㶮úνϲô뵽С˵ֻӭ㡱ϲĸǽɫǸҡֻͷѣһʱԼҲԼľʲô
ϸ΢龡ĬƬ̣ھмתԼжǱֿɣҪټˣǵĿʼǸЦɡ
ٲһͷֱҹɫбȥ
վ˰һ·ײײ׷ȥ
ҲҲֿͬСɡ㣬㡭


49 
ص˷СլӵʱѾ·ϵ紵ᡣ
ӴõĶ﷭ֵǮЩģ˸СƬ̲Ҷȥֱ˼˵Ŀջʱס¡
ϴΪΥԼļٻʣ죬յ·ҵ
СլӱĪˣǷǰԥ٣ǹȨģҲֻˡ
һڿջӲ崲ϣͷֱۣźķ
ûʣʲôǮˣʣļͭҲǿ⼸ס޷ѣԤ֧˼µнˮʱҲ룬ⷿȱѺ
ﻹЩ𶧣ҸʱĻ¹ɽׯȥ
뵽ֿʼۡ
ط˫۵Ż˵ǽһҪǽƤú̵ۿȥŸСգգۡ
۵ĿջüªŴزʵͷ˴·ʱڵ濩֨֨˵˵ЦЦ紵ôž죬żҹɵĳ֡
ʧߵҹƺᱻ޷Ŵ
ҵͷͷ٣϶¥̳ƣž̳ȥ˷
Ϸûջ©ļƵƹǿճ
ڷ͹˼ھơ
ջ˵ľƣƾˮζûУӺֿɬ
΢ʱ·߶˸̯ӣ޵
¯̿𲦶£򿪣ǼܳŲӳ˶㣬վԱߺſŤͷЦ䡣
ҲЦ䣬վӰŲǵֱۣ䣬ϵ̿࣬˺ںøˣſЦ
̳ƺȸɣڷ˿á
ϲĲҲܹ
ϲĲ
û
ݶѯ˿ջƹ񸽽ⷿݵ滮·ߣһҼʹȥ
͸¶ûһǮѺڶҪⷿǲܵģϣһ
ɫˣ·ӺˡζصջϴڴϣȻ˯⡣
¥ˡ
ɾǿջ˵ľƣÿ̳ڵļͭҲǳŲסġ
Ǯȥָ𶧵ѵЩе˼ƿբĺˮӿ
һ˲䣬ϣиԼȴϣͲ᲻¹ɽׯˡ
ûһ˴ڣȽȻݣ߱ڵĹԾϳˡ
ʶǳٶ۵ģȴǳʵġ
عʱѾ¹ɽׯ鷿ݶˡ
ݼ󣬿鷿ͷԺʯ
һڰ˽ʯϰʳģϵĵյѾȼϨ߷˸߸һСᣬϱҶ
ǸݵСӰߣʯ㣬һ
ͷ˫նⶼ÷죬ͷֻѩеС¹۾봹ĿɢŵèϣԭѻչŨܽëˮʪճһһأдŴŵͷèϣֽʵʪΡ
ԺӺܾĿġ
絶ʵζ
·𿴵ذͱתŵвϷƤѪˮó࣬ԲͣЪ̧ͷذ׵ĲǱˣԼ
߬סݼߵָ£ĵƬѿ˳ܹȥڵϷ졣
Ȼ̧ͷݼȥģ巿ϵ
Сɡ
ٿվѵƬĵطȥͣ£ͷݼСɣˣô
Сɣ嵶ȥשʯ£Ǹ¶ģòãСɡ
֪Լôӻؿջģ¶Ҳ̤¹ɽׯ벽ˡ
СӾֱ̳͹٣ҹ½ľƣҪҪ
СһסˣžҨûϵô˵߳ߺܿ޳
һҹڶһ˫죬Ȼûҵϸⷿˡ
ڽһ֣ڰ۲ãûп˵ɶЩʧЩ
¥ͷһٽ
ٸ㰵ɱȥˣղô˲˹ˣʲô
֪Ӻ˵죬ܲܰѰ֮ûܿڣǾҪΪ˽鷳˾ˣ˯ֵĹϢҡ
˫ĲѪ˿ۿãʣ׳ʲôˣСǣֿˣ
û˵ֽʧŰϵǺбī顣
ͷڰ


50 
С뿪׷ȥլӣֻһƬ棬ȻҴ˶ʮ壬ϼȥ
֮Ȼÿ찴ʱȥſڵСɣִٻ¹ɽׯ鷿ͷȣÿȵŻطϢ˯һʱȥ֡
ʬգżԺĶΪСɹ֮ᷢ⣬ʱ䶼ƶ˻ǡ
ֱգǰһ˸Ԥȥ֣ȴɽׯٴ
Ƴ˵ܵһۣĬĬƿȥ˳ס
ѾûʲôҲû˯ˣϸûһ㳯˼ЩԵ
󳼣ʲô
ϲٹŹеº͵Цˣʱüۼд࣬ʲôҪԼڵͣ
Լ£޹ء˦ֱɼҪȥ
üˣһүҪԼôСҴδ㽲һ֣Сʲôãֵ
ܡ
ĪҪԼ޲ֵ̾С֮£ҿ԰㡣
Ȼܵܡ
ͷһΣܵ䡰ҿ԰㡱ûпܣȼЩϣ
Ĳ֪ôˣа취ﵽʲôֶΡ
ΰң

׽⣬û⵽ֻʱסֵĹϢңסһͱ׽ȥԼָһСլԺ
Ҳ㣬ǸˣⱾ޺ͬݸ𣬡ÿ¸겻۶٣һɳ⣬ǩһ꣬һ
ڵĸ꣬һ㹻լӴƤˣȷǱʾ׬
ǺͬѺл
ͷҽЩûõĿ׻úдġ˵ͬⲽ뿪
һСլԺͷǸʦȥ˷ţͨѶַ
ڶ֣˼Ȧûп¥֪
ͷһݣȥᡣ
ûֻǽһ¼Ҳ¥ݸ𣬡ʱСɵĸıϷҼҲ¥ݣС͹⵽һ
ǰϵžµûнӣȥ𣿡
Ц𣬡Ƿֿˣȥȥй𣿡
ᣬмЦҲڲˣֻ֪ˣʱ䣬һȥ
뿪ǰֲ˾䣬ϱеĸ䣬һᰲרСɴӲŽȥκϡ
ֻллġȥ¶Ĳȥ¼Ҳ¥
ϻСլԺյʦӼ͹ţ˵ΥԼѾе˺ϰʱֶԷʼıµĴɱ
˺ϰѳɽȥΪʦûܲ鵽Ŀ˭пйأǻΧ¼Ҳ¥ĪҪммǣ
¼Ҳ¥ĸ֣һȥ¹ɽׯׯûѰȥ˾ҲûѰ¸¼Ҳ¥Ҳҹ˱飬Ȼһ
ۼɫլӣӴ׽彣ȡ
ǰؽϿ̡硱֣ɫͨ͸κεΡ
ὣȥ⿴
ʲô𣬡Ҫȥģ
𲻸ʦأ¼Ҳ¥
Ϊʦķɸ봫飬յ𣿡
յˡ
յ㵱ΪʦڷƨǰһýͷӸ˵軹ҪȥͶһ
ǣҪȥȷȫ
˺ϰ޳ԹزΣյģȥ˷пǣ
ҡͷӣϢ˺ϰҪʲôýֺͷҲܲ³߰˰ˡ
ǸףҲ
˺ϰΪʲô¼Ҳ¥Ҹȥǲ¥ҹȥҲȥ˺ϰ϶Ź
ǹİȫһҲ뵢飬˵ֱƹʦ¼Ҳ¥ȥ
׷Ϊʦһȥ
ʦȰȥϢȻģһ·׷ŵ¼Ҳ¥⡣
¥ͷΣķΧڶҪ¥ȥҵȷȫ
ֱӵӽ¥
ڲ¥ͷӦϡ
ӦĿţСֱӽӲ룬һ·¥ȥ
·ϼΪעսнƬи
ȥԼרʱ𿪿Сˣ湫ĸ䣿
С˿Ƭ̣ĿЩС湫Ӳڲ¥
𲢲ύ˲ҪԼ͸¶٣¥Σķһֻ뿪ȥү
СĿˣСүҲû¥ȥЪϢүСĸ
ûӦСˣƿԤ¥һ顣
С˸ͷһ·Ȱţţշ䣬ٿȻƳ¥´һϤӰ˺ϰ
ֱӵֳڻϣӶ¥һԾ˴ãڹǰ
߲£էһȦƬ̣һЦ¶Ÿǩİ߻
Ҫ㡭С
ĳʣʲô
̧Ͷ䣬ָֽĶʺ˵أ϶Ȼûҵ⣿ΪҸİʾѾˡ
лҪ˵ҲŷӦսԱϲ  µ˻ϲ
 Ҽʶǳ ǿü¡
(ϧ°ɿˡ


51 
𶨶Ź䲻࣬ɱȴȶԷҪ࣬˶ţ˿·硣
ǳҳȥҪǣ¥
˴ӣһ󣬵ͷ˵á
ȥ¥¥ⰵļ˺ϰİע⵽С̧ƣѹѹʾ˲Ҫ
Ѱ·߾̵ĿഥҡͷȻͷ
˫̧󣬴ӱϳ߰˵Ĵ󵶣ǰˣŶ׺
彣δʣŶԷǮѾˣΪʲôҪҹ
Цһһ룬˺ϰԭǱίеˣҪͷҲǷ£Բס
˭̫ӣ
⽫̫ӡ⧲׳ֻΪ̽ԷӦȻͫ΢嶼ֱЩ
ֻһ˲ָƽʵģʡ
Ц㶼ҪҵԴˣһЩ
ȻͶˣǰ˵ݣ°ͣνɡ
ڷУ°ڡ죬鷢ڰµһ˫üϣɱ嵭֣Щʡ
Ƭ̺齣
罣гʣХһƺ⣬¥ů
һߴ罣Ȼ鴫
δ䣬ѷǰ䲻⣬̤ݼ鼸ƬߣƬʯǰ
˰Ĺ򣬴󿪴ϣǰڡ
ߺһգš
ɰصԭأ罣࣬ءˣ׺泯Լżٱƽ
ĳź͵ĮõѪɱĹҲƬԥѳ֣ȻûջصĵڵԤһƵС
ЮҪƶƤʱ罣涸Ȼһת
뽣ӣ̶
˫ȻյƣعʱȴѱգӰ
̫ˣûУͱе
֪ĻԼ֣ȴûϵôѿ
˺ϰһҲûס
һš罣ʣת¥ȥ㲻Ҷ֡
Уղһû׼ãһ
üһšûպģȥͷҲؼǰȥ
֪òһֵǣż
ڲ¥ͷĹ|ֵ|
һ䣬ûϵ˰ҲУǰƷԼֱߵڣζԷࡢصɢ˫ȭѵ֣ۼźɫļʸˢˢȥ
սнʣ´ʸٿ֧©|ԴХ졣
Ϯļʸһ֧ȧǴһ֧ڳݼ⡣
¥´װŵ뻮һô˿յݼͷ
򵽼ʸſɬζɫÿ¡
ϴ㶾˺ϰɵ¡
ڵҲˡɽ
ֻ·𱻶סʺȻתԾ¥ͷϷѾݣƵıȥ¥󺰡֮󲻹ܲ˽һײ
СǰҪֱýɨ
һƬֻΣգȫȻûע⵽ԼŨڵѪˮ
¥Ĵԭǰ˼ܳȥԷҰ׵ɫĺѪմȾ鷳ŵפ㲻ǰˡ
ײţȾͷű˴ͷҿСѪؿڳſǰ˻ɤӺȾҼҹӣ
˽ڵɱ󼸸ƴƷڵأ˫Ŀϡ
ؿʹһѪӿϺͷʽ齣ǰ
ɱһһὣʦͬţõͬʽͽȴԶ
̹ʱһɨֱӽƷԾ𣬽Ҹ´ȥ
żԾУʱ̤ڽ֮ϣǰ罣ɨ׼ýֽ
˼̶½ڵϰ
ϾˣֱǰȥڻﲻϺ
ƺһŻŻŽɿ̧ҪȥѪ˶٣ջȥ
ۣŨܵĽë΢΢Ŀòž۽ϣСɡˣ
ŵһĸҪһɱϮ۵糸תŽֱӺ򱳺͵Ϯ֮š
͵Ϯ֮Ȼûϵĳٶȣֱײϣذ״ƫδüģֻȥƫн
ɫߵ棬һ졣
͵Ϯɱ̱ȥ
ͷŽˣȷԷʣսࡣ
ߣûڵһãֻؿڷƣ͸
㣿


52 
һμɽ
߸磬Ϊһˣ͸
ٲͬԼܵҪ˸ʲô˼һ
Ҫ߶ܵܵߣϣΪԼİȫ仹Ǳȥȴⲻˡ
ֱվڿ̨ͷһվ̨мǰĶҡˡ
ûϵϾȻ˽ƾһǣġ
̨˱Ķͷüֱۣͦı˶ʱıӲʵὣ̳ʱϵͶŵϰƤ°ÿһ鼡⡭
ȫļϡ
ôˣԾʺ˫
Ÿʧ̬ģЦ磬ΣҪ
ԭܾĻԺֻԼ־ƽһ䣺ã㽫ȥҸϣ
ֻãûܵȵǸÿƤұ͹ȴ˵ܵǸĵŰݷá
ǲ֪ôҹˡ
˵ΪɫѡȻܾˡ
֪ٲ˵|ĶˣȻȻٸܵܿƼԼĻᡣ
Ǵδ֮żڵܵܵģżҹҲεεЩݵĳ¡ÿÿѣ̾Ϣһ
û뵽ٴμǸգķʽ
ϲϵˣ㽵ǸƤҵˡ
ⷢȴĺ
ȥ뿪³ȥ˵̧ȥ
ȴסԼʱٿȻ̧֣һϡ
žһ죬һֳָ࣬ӡ
̫ӵˣΪ̫£
Ҳǡͷתһ˫ϡ
ȴģߣЦҾϲ㡭ͷβƭңңЩ黰ЩС˵ȫǼٵġٺôԸΪãң
Ҳ̫ӵˣûиκκôȳȥòã̫ΣˣҸȫĵطҰ¶
ؿʹڶ߶อƵʣѪӿϺͷ￪ʼףԽԽء
¼ȥû뿪¼Ҳ¥
𲻹˶ԷҪǿȥ
ƴҡͷ̧ƾ𣬡Ҳ뿴㣬Ҳ㣡
⴫ɧ¥±ײļԽԽ֪ʱ䲻ˣֱӽᱧҪȥ
Ѳˣͷþҧ𾱲ࡣ
Ĵʹ߶жѹƲסһںѪ˫ȥڵϣǿһ˿ȷ¡
ŵôסֱ̧òָȥǵѪΪΡΪλ˵أ˭µɱ֣ʲô
ϥڵϣԽǿ֧ס壬뿪
ڣűٴҿ˳
ŵ˶ˣͽѾס㡪
Ự˵һ룬ڵϱѪ˵
һ󣬴ƿ룬ǰ
ˢˢ鵶ָˣҪΧ

Χ£˺ȥ
ö֮ʣ𣬳ߣ˷һԾ¥⡣
æվ׷ڣֻʧҰС
ֱӴ˲ڡ
ŵҽ߼ķһҹĹΪⶾ֮źֱҡͷûϵھ˶ԼȫŶǿҲƵĶֻС˾ܶˣԷǽȫŽеļƿҩȫͿǼˣʱ͹ҲȲˡ
Źһ⣬չҹֻ˯죬඾
ѹĵһ죬ֱӰıΧ¼Ҳ¥ļڵӰ˶ǰôá
˺ϰıļڵӽѾˣԴ˲ģֻҡͷ˵ȫƾʦðɡ
һɸֵӣֵˣ֪Ͳ÷Сӡ
˼⣬ֻлʦʣʦɽܷ֡
ʲôһʱ˻С˵Ѿ¶ˣôߵţСǾˣѾ֪ӹ̫ǵɱŹ㣿


53 
֪û취ٻصǰˣֿƸߣȴ϶һɱ֡
֪ӹ̫ӵĴɱҲԭˡ
ΪЩѻźߵһ̿ݱ¶ѻױƣ֪ǲϲԼˡ
ã˳׷ֿҲٱԼһֵõϡ
ܾôڲͷڹ꣬һǷһͣǱҲܾεˣҪܷģ֮ǰԤ֧ǲָѣҵû塣
̾Ϣҡͷ֪ͽǸƢҲԺȴʼпĲȵգϺȫˣΪʦɽ
ֲЪգȴԽԽ
뵽ֵĹסľɥ뵽ʹ
Ų粻ӣûãֻһǰɽ
˵ִﶼʱɫȻСլԺȥ̽̽
һСԺһƧСʦͽתСԣӵͷ
С￴ƽɰȴȫǰԹ⣬ǰͭԼģ
ŽլӷȥһסѹʣʲôȥϽ
ҡͷҪȥ̽̽ʵ
һƣڹ̽ʲôʵҪˣ
˲ǹټģ˺ϰǼµĺ϶ѲϵȥŪô£ʦģҲᱩ¶Լġ
˵꣬Ѿͷլӷȥˡ
޵ҧÿ죬Լô¿Ƣͽܣֺް취ֻܸһͷȥ
ԺʱͽܷͷжΧѲݣԺתǴͷ
Ӧ£ԺӣһȦûзκ˼ѵãԶԶϤӰſ˯죬ۿһ¾ǧӿ룬
ڴ۲һȷͷֻһˣŷȥǰࡣ
ϴμʱ˼֣ԭݵСһܴɢˡ
Ӧǵ̫ã͵Ѿոɣɫ˪Ҽͷž̧֣Ħա
ë˲ۣ𣬺Сɡ۵׻͸Ÿ˯ѵã
ָ˶٣ͺ뿪ڽ̫ӵĴɱ
ȿ˿ڣõĸ壬Сɣ㲻ϲҲãǴ̿ҲգԺҲдС˵ԸЩ黰ңһϲ㡣
¼Ҳ¥뿪޹ԹȥЩվвСɵ˼
ۣЩڵؽָСɣǽͣôǰƭңԭ㣬£ܲܲҪٹңԹҲĸܣҿѧԸģ¶ģܲܡ¿ʼ
ֻһʱʲô
ЩţԼܾأҡ
սһ֣ʣµĻ
ͷߣӣԺǽͷʱûʲô
ƿЩҵسȥ
Цתͷʦ
ô£
ɿʦԼȥơ
̫ʦϣĿдΡ
⣬ƽǰյİɱ¼漰ңе鶼ڰнУ¼ƺϢڲ¥֮ڣ֮˺͹ٸˣز֪¡
СɵĴ̿ݡûнȥСйֻ֤ҪСɵĴ̿ݲ¶زᱻǣ
˵ֿں˺ϰﶼǣΰУ˺ϰѱ𣬹ٱǰЩʱ˶ԷϳڻǹٸһĿ꣬ͲСɣҲϣű͢ϣ˽СɵĴ̿ݱ¶ϣͷͨţ١
˺ϰͱȥѾǿ䱸ͽ֯ͱȷ˰ȺҪ࣬˵ǳлѣ˵Լҹȥš
Ծм٣˽룬Ҫٰвһ飬ԼɵͽȻͷҲָϣֻܿԼ
֣󣬿ʦȥţ
ģһȥƨС˸Ӻúô⣬ĪҪܳȥ֦ΪʦԼȥӵ㣬Щ춼ǵĶ˵תһ̧ŴӴ˳ȥ
һʦûڣѾûӰ
ջߣͷģ
ͷ̫ɸģȥլʮˣСǾòףҽǲˡ
ҡͷǸɣ뵽¼Ҳ¥һʣСôˣ
ްǲլȥˡ
㡭ô֪ҽӹ̫ӵĴɱ񣿡
ǰȥ̫ɽһˣʱ̫Ԥıȥͷ㣬ұˡ
ǵ죬մãҪȥ̨̫֪ԼҪȥɱҹˡ
뵽⣬ʧЦôãԶԶƳ֮ټȻһϳ
̹Ȼͷһ˫ӿ𣺡ΪСɳúÿʱ࿴˼ۡ˵ֱ̧ȥժߣСԺǰ㲻ҪˣϲԿ
𳯺ͷȥЦŽ¹ɽׯɣ³׽֮ǰӦö̫ƽҪˡ
ûӦ
ôˣ
Ҳ¹ɽׯ
Ц¹ɽׯȥģܲס⡭
һ˵ȴüΪһ˫ڴؿסƬ̺ʣס⣿
лҪ˵ֱӿս Ҳؼ
¶ǰ沿ֽ͵Ļϸɣ
^_^


54 
ͷ
ӳġ
εİɱ¼ͱȥŭҪˮʯ
֪һģǸܵνİġ
ûи˵֪̫͹̿ͣضĹ̫ӵģٴ֮λǱסˣڵҪ̫ӣǵòʧ
ɾ˵Ҳ̫жɣ׵ı˭ԻѰ˸ͷ̫ӽڶڰ֮ǰ̤Ű벽
ǣ̫ʵ۱׽ֱƴʵǰ֪Լݵжʵóû취ǿ˵ģȨ⣬Э˵ʱ£鳹ٶ
Ծɲģ¸ʷڣҲС鷳㲻˻ʵ۽ڹеѰſյ̫ĬӳҵʵСɵס
ڿ¹ɽׯ;ѾʵΧˣɲһȥ
ԼˣСɻ鷳
˵
Щԥڹټָ˶أס϶ûס¹ɽׯȫ
ֿʼڴһ˫ۿˡ
ɿڣǰһǰð޳ָĦǰ󣬴ͷʣô
ָָǰ̽ȥֻϣоǰĴУе´͸壬Щˡ
𲻶ż⣬ֽ̧ժˣǼѵˮһ¡
ͷʺͷƹ΢΢ؽë׽סϸָǹ⻬ϸ壬ָԾս۵͸ѪܵƤѹ÷ס
Լʣһ˿ǵʱüѹŵ˵̫ãҲû㻻ϴ·Ҳȫ
ҡͷס
סһɿסͷǣǾסɡ
üЦҪǹĺӡ
̲סü£ź𣿡
ҡͷ
˶٣ͷָգȥϴˮȥ᷿ңͷмָ壬ȵľȿš
ͷԹȥ᷿ûеƣƣСɵСᣬڴ߿ڴ̧ͷ
ԡͰʱͿںڰ￴ЩЦôôţҲƣ
ûǰȥס
һ£ԡͰȥѵƵˣһ·
εЦȥ㵹ˮ
ɿȥ˱СҲûٸȥ
ˮãԼõһ·Ͱ߸ϴ֮ŴȻ
ߴСŲãȻգգۡ
ֺһ飬ʱҵ·𣿡
ЦͷСᣬϱ
Ὣǰŵķ˿ˮ£Ծֱϴ
Ƭ̣ӦЩӲߵԡͰϣֱӽˮ°ͰʪһƬˮȥ̧ʱˮϴ׹
𾪴ˣЦ˳ëӣҡͷʣ㲻ˮ£
Լ֣һ˫ڰ׷ӿ˵
Щ˵ԵĻϴɡ
ͷ
Ҫתȥ׼̣ȴվǣչ˫ۡ
סҪһĶ뵽ղһϵоٶĿİͰʣ㡢·Ҳѣ
ЩĿˣۣҡҡͷС˵ġ
ĪԺоƮүǾ䡰һôźģ̱ڴүүЦ
ֱջڨڨСɲԸˣԼҲԡ
ǰȥ˵ҲǲԸ⡭
ʲôգһ˫ۿ
¿ƲסԼڶţ̫ӵûнʦҹȥˣܾôݽ
˾ôվ󣬳˼ĺ˾ǰʥˣ޶ԡ
ڸԼйǰȥסߵãҰ㡣
ЩҲ̧̣ססԼֱۣһɣѾˡ
һͨͨҲЩ٣ڵͺСɡ
һֱֻۻӿһֻֿʼؽ½ϵǣǼᵽԷϵ˵Щƣţ
㡢ɲԶЩԶЩѡ
Цǵżһ˶㡣
á˻ϵֱۣ˿벽ֱչƽҵСӣվ˱𶯣Сź¡
˫ۣЩӲվǣշ죬һ˫Щ޴ظ
ľ׮һЦЩΪĥϼס½󣬲֪⣬ǽڷָ£˱ĲϣоԷ¶ȡ
һͣԾֱۣ׽סָ
Цǰָ࣬˳½ϻ»ͷ


55 
ɫ䴲ϣ𻷱С壬»ĸɾʵĴ˯ðȡ
ʱµϰߣÿ𴲣ɫ΢˾ˣֱۣۣܵһţֱøЩ
оĶ߽
ߵͻ
岻ܿƵɪһ£ӱǻ©ʹ΢΢Ľëϻż顣
ֽ̧ǰ鷢ͷᲦ¶౥Ķͷĵһ˫Щ
˯ɣʪĽëգգʶѣɢĿϣβ̺ˡ
ֱ̧ƿĻѵŲ峯ͷȥסͷȥӱ˵ȥ
ϹЦ
𿴵˽оЩ̽ȥָմļͷͼ˲һֱ̧ӰѱͷϣԼɲӼ
ЩΣ˯ȥ緹ʲô
󣬱һ㷴ӦҲûС
Թ˵ȳȥˡǰ׸ɾ·ڴͷ
ųȥӱ̽ͷʧţüͷšһ
СûҲٰܹ
С˸ƵģҲ㲻ˣ޴ӣֻԼС
δܹί
ۿֿʼ̣°Լƽ
֪ʲôͰѳеÿˣ˳Եȥ᷿Ѿֳ˯ȥ̶ֻܰ˳ȥ׼̨£̤ţ߽Ժ
һۿ̣ͷ˸Ӵҧˣû緹أߣȥԡΪͷȥ·ϻָСӳǿøţÿϧ
£ôģ
˱Կװ̹˵СҲһѣû㣿
ʱѹ¶ַԿ׾ٶĲʣңֵ£
һڰͽһڣͷŵ֣ȫԱѾʹһˣСӾȻ޽䱸ĵضΣյĵطȫ·
û˵Цŵ˵Ϊʲô𣿡
Ȼû˵˿޽ͽֺ˿ֻ࣬˵м飬ҲЩճ£ȥʲôطʲôˣʲô쳣֮ġ
ÿ˶ص⣬ֳ¿ھͳһˣ˵壬ʮ²
ͷһᾡְˡ
֣𣬻ȥʲôҾר㣬ʱͱȥˣܱܷͷ
ֳҽˣ˵󲻱࣬ʱС
ô鷳ֳû˵ʲô
˵˰˵Ԥ֧˼нˮģˣʵʵдģҪܡ
ûϵֳΪðķգʵҿԼֳ飬ǷĹʻϵģֲΪҡ
˵ʲô߷ߴÿܳ飿ǲֵܱȣǩ޺ͬģǲûѹҵˣûţ
ЦЦмл˲;ֳԸðհ
ͷսЩѹ¼Ҳ¥£ô£̫ӵģǣж
𾯾
Ц˵Ǯ򵽵ϢҶõõҽͦʵģûйġ
ЦЦû
ʣ͸ף̫£¼Ҳ¥㵽ײô
˶٣ЦүϢһϢʲô飬һشܸҶǮ
£عָЦСӡֵ׶Ϣ˵Ҫ٣
䣬ɣ׷ң
ߣֱ壬ƨԣ
Сɡ
ͻȻһߴ
һʱס
Ƭ̺Цζӳ˲ӳͷͼһ԰СӰż̫Ѳ߽
СɵʵڼųͷڵѣֲᴩֻþСټ
һƫͷżϵѣҲᴩ
°ͿҪؿȥֱͬ·
һȥסȥ⣬ˣ
͵һתȽŷվȣֱӹڵϡ
æ֣˺ᱧͷ塣
뿪ӰΣҡͷް


56 
ǰգϲˣҲˡ
լԺͷİźļ˶̫ŵģ̫ӲŰΥ˼ҵײģ˸ǵϢȷ˰ȫ
ʤ䷳Ǿǲߣֻ˰Ϊ̫ģԼÿ찴ʱĸϢȥֻ˵Щճ£ڲСЩ¡
һ𽫶²˱飬ȷʵ¹ɽׯ;ȷҵľӲΧˡ
ʱڣ˲һݵء
ͷһ֮Ͳ¹ɽׯˣ̫ӵѾ֪˵Ĺϵ뻹һΣ𲻷ģ˾СլҪʱʱԼ߷Χڣÿ˸ϸ˻졣
ڴϣ϶ź죬ָһ˿
ʲôͷһڣ˾䡣
̫ӡ뵽ʲôʵˡ

еڣ˸սȴһˣδܹܴ衣
˿ûвɫ仯תͷСɣǰΪԸ̫ǵ񣿡
ʵ棬ֻôˣǲڵˣɱҵıְ֮һɼеӺѾܾ
ǺΪҪӣ
Ҳɱ˵ǿϣ²ȥ֡
룬СɣʱûܣҼϣǱЩһˡ
ЦҪȥˣǾǸٰĴ̿ͣ㻹ϲң
ƶͷɽ㣬ϲˡ⸱Ƥҡ
⻰֪ǸЦգȦ£ֱֱʱȥˣͰҪȥׯˣ
Ծ˸л⣬˵ˣֻü
ʣׯϻ˶Ƥҵģ
ֹ̧סӣҴӲ裬СƤҲһȥˣҵרг衣
ЦһӦøеˣ
Ҳ˾䡰Ȼ
°ͣСɫħϱҸƤңҪȥ𣿡
ҡͷѾ˰ǧÿƤҶСֻ꣬һ
΢΢һòŵͷϣҲ㡣
ãٿȻԼϡ
һʲô
ߵ¡
ڼҸϸЧʸ࣬Դ˺⡣
¼Ҳ¥֮㲻ˣѰ׬ǮĿȻŹŷԽԽߵԭԼ²ҵȫԱȫıഫС˵
ϣĵܿ챻ֱܵӳԤ֧нˮƾǰǩԤ֧нˮļˣ֪ͨ¿ʼΪŸѡ
ŵɸȥܷв٣Աüˣͷ˻ߡ
θջضǾţϸ˵˺ϰ̫ӵĹϵʯ󺣡
¼Ҳ¥¼ȻѾϢԳ飬źܿܲ鵽̫ͷϣҲֲȥԱʽؾٱ
䣬͢һЩʱ䣬»ǲ鲻ͿðȥƲˡ
֮լ˵ҲסˣС˵ˣʵûĿҪȥ档
ǷСȥܲܰæԷˬӦˣ˵պĸı¾ҪԷݣȥ
һר￴Ϸһ˵û꣬үСòáү̫ӵϷ̨ʹ̫үİ⡭
ɸֵϷɢ˿޵ֻ۾Ļ
ڸ˰ᣬͷʣҲˣҲˣؼ𣿡
ҡͷҪٻȥ˿̫Щ
Цҡͷȥˡ
ֽСﳪ˼֧Щӣãֱ˲˵Ҫȥ
ߣյʣǹջô
Ц˵ãתǴһɱϮЦһ˫ɨȥ˵ڸſڵһˡ
ڵ˿ǹ񣬡Ҽүλȥһ
ԼɱǸûգ·ÿ
΢΢һٿڣű򿪣߳һ»ɢżѹˡ
ȿŲ˰벽ס½ϣԼƽٶ½һ飬˿ڣӣ˵ա
û׽סɱҲδƾʲôģ
ƽ𣬶̴Цָ̧ŶƾҶӡ
лҪ˵¼ҳϢըһ¸㲻ֲ𿪣Ȳһһ𷢹
ϸ
ոսȨУֱǿ϶ֱģⱲӶ (s^t)


57 
ɱɢˣǣӳĬһӣӣְ֣
ѧͻİְֽеƬ̣ûԽͷȥֹûУ
Դ𿿽Щ̧׽סֱۣСغס
ѧ̾ϢҡͷԸղŶ˵ȥڵţлСɽ˵ֱӸתȥ
ѧǲ˾ܾıӰ̲ס̣ӣҲѹ˻ˡ
Щģ¸ΪСɣ׽Сֱ۲š
֣Ц˵û£Ҵͳؼҡ
ǱСɾ̬ȸȾɣԥһ󣬷ųȥ
˸䣬ѧɫƽȴһڡ
ѧվźݣһű
Ǵͷ࿴ۣջߡ
ѧָ̧Լ
һ񣬲Ͱѧ
ӣЩ鷳Ϊİȫ룬Ұڼúôţӳȥʱ䵹Ҳ鷳չˣҽձȥ
ѧ˵꣬û˵
ݴſʼʼն˿̻ϵĻʳСӲҲͰˣϻ粻ģ֪ȥˣԼ˳ϷһšüͷʧһĪҡͷЦСǿۣϲϸɵӡ
ûڣǰ벽СѣҼү˵ء
Żعؿźݺѧ
ѧʣʲôҪ˵
һ䡣
˵
꣡
˵ţžһ¹ѧǰ
ѧ΢ۿͷ³˵
𹧾лվ
ѧָղŵ˵
ǸͨСϰգǸӹɱүĴ̿ͣʱȫȨƵˣ˵һ㲻ǲܵġ
ԽʱԽҪϱֵЩԵηηβ顣
ȻûпǰѧˣֻñǰֱЩ
ôģѧ˾䡣
Цµģ˳ֶ˸ƨȥȣ¾޵ڶܼ֮һ
ʵѧǴͷʽ嵶Ͽ̵·ϵá
ѧЦһǾͰѻ˵¼Ҳ¥Ǽ£Ҷӣ֮ǰݣҲ׷ðӦҲϲģȻˣΪҶӰȫ룬Ұȥ˵£ӹٰ
ѧ˵ʱʼ侲ĿȻѹԣ˵Ļƽȴǲ˾ܾ
̧ͷѧ¡
ѧ̧֣үУؾ
ѧеڣȴڻʵ۵ļӣһʯҲҴˡ
ӽⷿ俴ʼͲ³ѧǵʥϣԴը˹Ϣӿһʱ˼ǧ
ɵ֮ȴ˻ϿҪӻع£Ȼֻʱһš
ڻϿҪ£һ˼⣬òҪҪˡ
ӹܳһˣСլԺסôãΪӻϵڲŲĲ֮ȻǷˮˡ
ΪʲôͻȻڲ¥ҷ֧һСƨ̸
˸ҪĴ󵨲룬ΪҪ̽̽ĵףˡ
Цųѧ˴գĿڣүл׷֮ǰݣ֪ܰӣ˲ǣҲܰʵһսߵģ԰ɣ
û˸̬ѧ˵ˣҺͬơǡģǴδй
ѧüëСӵǱԼԤĸ˼Щ
ѧĿ˵ɤ˵׾ҾΪã͸ԼԸȻؼҡ
ѧһ֪ԼЩΪĺΪڰں
ȥƾʲôԼڰ
󵨣ôү˵أݵǳ
ѧ̧֣Ҫ졣
ݻæ
ү¼Ҳ¥Ǽ£Ҳǣͷ¾˭ЩҪҲͿ
ԼŻѼ´ɾ֮ǰˡֱԣҾټĹδؾͱҵСլӰȫ
һԣûΪ˵׵İţʵŸΣգ
ѧ𣬳ĬΣЦļͷ㵹Щ˼ͦϲ㡣
ЦЦֵллҲͦ˼Ҳϲ
⻰Ҳ̫ûйЩ㱻ҪڣҲʵȥվںͷƴԣʾѡ
ѧתƳһۣݵɤ̺ˡ
ѧͷתסļ磬ͷյԱߣ֪ͷҶ˵ϲϸСд֣;ԴˣǶԣӲҪ㡣
¼Ҳ¥£Ҳ֪룬ݲѽǸд֣ҵʱ仹̿ͣ˹Ŀ࿴ݰ⣬Ҿ㣬Ҳסˡ
㿴ͷһɵģǽȨƵǸΣȷСլܱҵĴԺӰȫ
ѧ𼫽³ÿֶ
¼Ҳ¥֪֮̿ݵģ
ס˷ܵԲһ˫ۡ
ǰԺʼȱһƴͼͻȻͼˣԭƻȻʡ
һéٿžһԼϣˣ
ѧ΢΢£û뵽ӦôⷴӦԼԤϵĲ̫һûֻͷ˵׾ͺãҾȥˡ
ѧæڰ֣Ц˵ǣˣҲ˵£ѧ˿˿ִѧߵ˵үܵ𣿡
ѧƳƬ̣˶ѾЩʱˣЩ˽⣬ʱҲʲô£ͷ̧ʾ˶ȥ
ݺүѧ˵ͷ
ѧͷذڰ֣Щ
ݲټ֣һбһȥš
˵ɡѧſӳЩһֱֻϡ
ӶͳͰ͵ĸֽչƽˣǰϣƵѧֱߣүףҽϢԺĻˣȥס⣬ô
ѧƳһֱߵĸֽˣ֮ǰͷддŷŵ֯ṹͼ
ѧ̧ƤЦûʸ̸С
ŶǴˣû˵
˵ţ̧Ҫѧϵĸֽ
ѧָȴ˲ֽߣ˸ִһߣֽϵ嶼ƽˣۿҪֽųܼޡ
ЩεЦ£Ǿ֮ҸСƨֽǲǲ̫ã
֪Ļܣ֪鲻Ǻ֪ôѧ
װɵ֪ʲôˣͷд˼ѣҵС˵٣ʲôܣˡ
ѧЦ졭Ҫȥ̲˵ÿ
ҡͷǴ̿ͣҲ£Ҹ£ԡ
ѧֽƬ̣ٲɿڻ֣ҿɾͰֽ˺ˣĶҼǵһ
˵ţָֽм䴫΢˺
ѧ˿ڣãҿǿǡ
Ц֣ͬˣһ׷ɱСƨˡ
ѧҡͷƽϣֽ¿һ飬ɫͷϢĵģ
ҵĵַѧ˵¼Ҳ¥¹ȥˣһɵ˶üĿˣŵǰ˻û㶫ʺ˻ʲôԭͲ𣿡
ѧȻɵģ漰棬ò֮ݴȵ˿ⲻ֪ߵغĳСַˡ
ƫЩϲСӵɵӣû
ѧֽˣָ𣺡ǰ治ĻԴҪˣ
翴ѧҪȻǲµģЦ˵Ҫȥô
ѧ̾ˣ㲱ϡ˵˵ĵҲЩڹǻĲֻլʵ̫СίҶˡ
룬˵үЩ£ҲЩȥסˡ
˶٣̧ѧ֪Щ˵ɹϵİȫֲò˵
ѪѸᣬԥȥʧȥģ¾Ͳֻһˡ
ѧãҡͷδɵСëʲôгֻ漰Ѫ⣬ܶǰѾˡ
ʼ磬ҵȻҾһ˵һСϰգֲ볯Ϊ٣ܶʲô
ѧôҡͷҲԷƱ;ӦǸ֮š
Цл佱׼ѧǳûûСһ׵ģЩűȥʣүϢȸˣ֮ŵССĽ
ѧ뿴ʲô»Ҫʲô
ܲܵŵùĽȥլͷţֻҪӪӪˣֻӪû˳ֽϡ
µʵۼȻɿͬСլԺضԺͷȫģûʵ۵·˹ӷգԼȵҪɾ
ѧҪȥСլԺģ̫ɹȥǰܻ²鵽ͷԤĸЩҪֱ֤Ӱȫˡ
ѧû뵽ǰСƤô񣬵Ҳô󣬾ȻҪˡ
˭ĵӣҪӣмԴҲ컨ģ
ѧԳƶˣûκŭһ˫ۣ֪ԼδԷۣЦ˵ʱһԴãͷ·ĵˡ
ѧ̾ҶӾǱƭתԼƽȥģ
ֻٺЦÿɷ
ѧҡͷ뵽һ磬ʣ֪Щ
ʵأҴδ֡
ѧͷܵܡϵЩ֣䶨ǰ֪ЩҪ𣿡
Ȼôµس̶ȣɫ֣Ӧŵˡ
ѧֶ󣬻ЩԼΪʲôᱻСϣʱĪ˼ֿϱģֵúãһԽҲ˵
ŵЦЩӲл̧治ǿϣ𡣡
ѧԭҲһ˵ˣҡͷվգϢһ˺ʵüĿȥʻþˡ
ͷʣʱôȷҵˣ̫ӵģ
ѧƳһۣȡöӡ£⣬ϽȡֽѧӸֽϣ˵ö˽ӡģȥʱӡȷݡ
ŷģǰѧߣһ磬ٳǰѧС˵Ǵͷܾ촦ˣΪԼİȫ롣
ѧƳһۣҵİȫֲġ
ͷǡĵȻŴġ
˸߳ȥ㼱͵ӭסȥ
ѧ˦¾䡰Ϊ֮ת¥ȥ
ѧ԰׵ɫЩǵĲӣѹڱף塣
ѧŲһ٣̾ϢʱǳСﰲĴţעⰲȫ˵뿪
ѧӰʧķ򣬾Ĭãۿ졣
ǰһסع̧ͷҸ˵ʲô
ûʲôҳˡ
ɿ𣬡ûΪ㣿
ûаΪʲôҪΪң
ʱ벻ʲôֵĸʵ۷뾡ӻСլԺ
˽뵽ͻȻĪǶ񣬱ֱ̧Ȧϣѹʣûʲô˵ģţү
лҪ˵ʵҲҹԿħ


58 
Բһ˫Ĵ£˼άЩҡҸ˵ʲô
Ż˫ۣ˵ʲôҪ˵
𶢵̣Ŀⲻӣ̧ͷƫȥҪ˵ʲô
̧򢽫˵㻹ƭҶã
üͷ΢Щˣδƭ㣬ᣬԼԸҡ
뵽ǰһδμҪΪԼ;ǣߴţЦĴţԼ۲ʶ̩ɽүˡ
סĲüЦһ£ˣ㡣
ҲЦֻ̧ϣϣţЩš
ȥܷ֣Ϊȥ㸸ʳˣ
ĴЩŲ븸ʳܣǾˡ
ЦүллΪôࡣ
ܳĿֿ
һֻ̧ӣšüίΪ࣬ǰȴǲҪˡ
Щ̧ۣգûвҪ㣬㲻ԼҪĵʲôֻǱҵĻѻƭˡ
ҲأɱҪ㡣
ЦǸҰҺ޵ģηηβפ㲻ǰǸһֱԼţ֪Ҳˡ
뵽֮ǰ֣ǰ˻ϾݣʧЦΣǰЩϲ̨ʣֱϷԭϲԼ
ʼӽңΪ˵ϲ㣿ԼİĽʲô
ҡͷ㵨ұű̫ӣʱȻһֻ㡣˵̧ƺԼϱȻһ¡
ĴĻȸЩȻģΪңרܹңȻԼˣү˵һǧ˰ٵսǿɸ
Ħǰ̧ʱˣ
ס󣬡ھڹ
΢ƫͷСɣ뱾˵˵ǺʱϹϵģ
ڰ׷˫ۿƬ̣һγҵС̯ʼ
һֱϣЪ
ۣôЩɲϰڴϵЩҰްоֿʼˡ
ͷʪĽëͶڰϵɫӰֻ÷Уһжôʵ
ԭΪֻĳ˽ӣѾɵѣûϵʵݾԼľöࡣ
С˵Ľɫһֱˡ̫ħˡ
뵽˸ʶʱԼרΪϰЩͼӴ׵ķ⣬𼹱ʱûλԵСүֱ
˼ȥܾЩλ߸ϵľүôǰϲȴηŲµˣ
ΪС˵裬ôͱˣ
ϲˣȻǾү
һֱΪԼֻҪ׬㹻ǮҪΪ˵δ㣬ҪģԶֹ׬Ǯһˡ
ⱾС˵ԭģûֻǺܴԵɨһ飬ǵ¹ɽׯ¹ôˡ
Ϊ֮һľĽ֣ȴġ
ԭ̫ӵǻĵ裬Ծ
ԭû¼Ҳ¥£ʵȻʼյ̷̫ӣֱҲûн̫
̫ǰ¶ҲѾ̫صߵˣɱʵճӡᵳӪ˽ݻʵ۵;ӡ̫ǰ϶¡
ʱֻҪغȫЭϵ˵̫ӵİӣȻ󾲴η粨ȥ
һ򲽽Ϲ˼飬̫ˣ𲻽̿͵ϱУԼ̫ӣԱ֤ȫ
Σ̫Ӷһë
Ҳûȵ̲סƫͷɫ̫ԣС񣿡
ջطҵ˼ƳһۣͻȻ붺̫ӡ
Ȼˣǿһ˫Ƽգ
ţڴ룿
˵ǲ
ͷһڣ֮ǰȥֲܷˮǸνſ̫ͣӣ㣿ϵô
䱾βЩˣΪλϵΣҪܣ
ЦүôϲǱģΪ˸үдù£ʵҵزģҲУ
˼һСɣҲ뿴ү̫ӵĹˣҪүʹ̿͵Ĺ£дҿ
ðŴǣҸүдʹ̿͵ķ⡣
ҡͷҪ⣬Ҫдϣү̫ӵıĿϲˣִ̿Ͳ氮˴̿˺ͺ
ʧЦʸ㣬д
ڶ죬ֽģд
䣬ڿϰСд¡
Աߣͷϣֽʸ߸߾ڿУĵ˵ԼҪд̿үƪĸ
ʣƳһۣȥֽϻǿհһƬīȫͿԼϣҡҡͷ
լֻ˵ʱͲ⴩ԼЩŵĹӸ·ˣϲĴֲѣһ쵽Ŵ
ѱδ˼룬ż´˳Чڳţ¶һϸ׵Ĳǣʱ߾˫ֱҲ¶ͷźϰ㣬װۡ
˵ůͣҲܲס볨¶ͷĲֱۣıһƬЩεתë̺¯š
¯žһ½аֽëϣšüŭΪд
ϣдͲдˣ뿴ʲôд㿴
룬תͷ СɣҰ׺ͻô
£ЦһүҸףȥ㸸ʲÿԴ
ҡͷҸ֪ˣһȡСɣұССɵˡ
𣺡
¶Ļܸһô浱ɵģ


59 
Ϊ˵ģɵڶͰһ׶ǰϡ
𿴿ǰǱɫף̧ͷ
ףСɿɻ⣿
׷Ĭſ˰Ρ
ЩչȥʣΣ
˼״𺳣Ȼ
𲻶ףĴҲû
˳㣬дȴһˮĲ飬ǰҽԺҽҩҲֺϡ
϶ԵķܣЩģֱӲҪȥԷ
ֲһȥˡ
߳Ǹ£˸СĽԼ׸Сģӵˡ
СĿʮҲСӦԷġ
ݹףͷҲҿһۣӦǣתٱߣСװһߣͷǶ峪Ĵȳˣһ̧ͷƳۿŵûŻŴȥ
̧䣬ָδңָѾָѹϽңʵں£ûܿƺãֱӽյ˿һѹףŵûæ̶ָ
ɫ䣬ʲôֲ㡣
СĸԷã½˵ԭȵͷ£ûϵձ㱻Ϊλ湫ӵδţѾŵȥ߻ǡ
ͷһ㵯˵ֻԼҪĺˣҲδ˵ʲôֱӴٱ߻佫״ϣҲ˲ü񣬳˿ͷס
СԼΪĵӣûϵôһֻķžƱָԾսˡ
Щ׵ָڣֽ̧ס뿪ڣš
ﱻŽŹڵϵСģֿС˵湫ӣʵڶԲסСĲԷﲻã£͸
ٱصСĻ£Ըú̶ա
һ󣬡̶һȥүУδء
ؿ΢΢ѹŭ⣬Ǳ
ٴαҭס˷纮ɤӻˣڼ
ﻰδ䣬žһϾƱˤˣôԷһСģ㴦ˣ
Ц湫˵ﻰʵüԷû׼Ͱȥº
ˣɤӻҲǰˡ
Ц˵Ҹ켸СĹΪֹ
û𻰡
ԼдоģϣһСĶܹ̣ղǳѾĵߣôܻٶϤ˹ùͷ
ػɫȴԽԽٿڻǰ֣˵
ȴȻֱ̽ӱڿзһȦԼϡ
콲һ˫ûԲдʲôĸ֡
ʶǻһƬȴϤĻ֮ǰСլԺҹ̧ס𲱾
عյ㡭ɿ
״סСһٳֳŹʵˡ
øЩЦϵ׼˶ƿһҳ
ţͷЩˣ˷
ĻţףүСĸ
סᳪ
ᣬϵֱ׳ѧ
˵ѧŸղСĵӣͷһ仰峪
𲻻ᳪ湤õǺ㣬΢΢򢣬üͷ΢룬һʮģ
ֻճ˰䣬챻һֻסˡ
糪öá
ָסǣ˭
΢΢ƫͷ𴽽ЦҵСԡ
ѹϣҸȣ
ҡͷȲãҪܸࡣ
ĻӶҪסҪ
ŵûŻƫͷȥģֳһŵķ򣬡Сɣ
ţͷ̧
˫շ죬ҿԡΪ㳪
£ᳪ
𻰣ƿȥٱ߹ḧ΢һ
𲻶ӣֻһ䡰Բۡ׵
ĵĴȴǶãǴʱɽɤͻȻΪʲôǰϲԼС˵
ԣڼԼĸĵӡ
ĸ߰棬Ϸݲ¥˽Ȼ෴ʼӳ֣Ҳܱѩζ
׸ĵĺܺã֪ԭԼĿԱ
ճɵɵЦү䵽ȥǸϵĻͶҪվˡ
һ꣬бٱߣ֧Ŷ࣬΢ƫͷЦ
һЩͷѾѹȥ
˸Ĺ׳𣿡
΢΢һûϵ˼һǰ£ȥԷ̨ͷ֪׽عȥ˼ѧʣٲ̤Ű벽֮δдˡ
ͷʮʵ۵ġ
ôԡ
ߣֱӽ˱صϣԺңκ˳
ЦüһүԭҲ˳Եۣ̲סʣΪΣ
ܳ¡
˵ĳʲô˼̧Ħ½ƫͷЦʣСɹӣūӣɻ⣿
˵ñ΢ȴ͸˵¸ߡ
һ׽סָ⡭
üͷֻʧһ˲Цˣݣδ⣿ū͸ģĵΪֹ
ȫϷ㣬̬ģƽʱŵǸòȥԶ
Ǻһ˫ۿãֻûȣʶ𽥶ջˣѹϣֿʼܿơ
ûϵ̬ٿȻһչȥ½󶼱ˣŻϢҪƿʲôūղЩ
СϷʱݣЦֱ۹øЩ˵ҪΪֹ
٣ҲϲܿƵˣݲȥźǳ⣺ſ㿴ʲôط˺
ֱһ̣Ż㱽λ߸ϵľүӰغ
ǰΪݵЩүϷϷǾԭӡ
Цݸˣ˿֣ⲻֵĵط
ͷˣ˿ɺͳ
άүļӣɫȴüĿϲŵ÷ӣ˰벽ֱ׽סػ
ƣүģ˽ġ
Ҫ磬½ֻ´Ϣͼٵ
лҪ˵յ˺öС԰
лллл ~
ҹ׼vҪܸһһ𷢡
Ҫ¶ոˡ⼸ո㲹
ǵȵҰ
Orz


60 
Էֵˣ𿴳֣û¡
˰գصլӱƲסڶ챻̵һѣյŵó˳õĴҩæǰæź򣬵ͷ˲ں˯š
죬ͷţӭȥ
һСլԺ
һŷȴ˸Ũüۣ嵭ԭЩݣо
żɽ⣬ϵ˽ӡʸ
һֱŵֽϵӡˣ򹧾һ̧˽ȥ
ֻվԺδȥͷǰϸжʱȣ£ȥһˡ
ͷҪ˵ʲôԽͷ᷿ɫۿɼػתͷվ⿴ߡ
Żջߣٲҳһۣ񣬺ү
⡰šһɤЩơ
ܲ鷳һ᣿
ӦˣתԺȥ
ȥſڣôˣ̧ͷĴ̵Ƥüͷšס˱ȥջûˣҪܡ
ĲɻشȥʲôҸģ¼Ҳ¥Ǽӣ
Ӵｫëšɣ˲Ͳ¼Ҳ¥£Ҫȥ˴£ڼϢҪ룬һʲôȥҾС
̧ס󣬡һͬȥ¡
һͣЦЦУôȥҾģµġ
ǲģΪСɡ
Цͷһ£㸸ʲΪҵģҾʵͦϲҵġ
գգۣ棿
ȻˣͦţҪԼ۹⣬ء
Цԭ԰׵ЩΣûûƤ
΢ףҾһ֮ǰúô̤ԺŰ벽֪𣿡
ͷ
ˮҩԵġϴ·׼ãֽ࣬ųԺȥ
һÿߣ°ţһҪ˯ţӭ¹º͵Ц˿õȵŭ
ǸЦҡͷֵүС岻ãˡ
뵽ԼǰһЩ£ɫѹȥ򣬡үСʶ
̹ȻԭǱµǰǰŵȥĴ¡
ͷǾѹֻŵù˽ӡˡ
һȥ£ֱӽȥõңֻ˵ڷڡ
𱻴ȥһռݰľϣͷ˴СС񱡲һ뺡¼ﻭ͵
ͬϱűųһһмԴ۸ӵȦ߹սͼƵġ
ſṩϢӣǣ̫Ӱа£İߺ͵Ҷ˶Թһˣ漰ҵĲѵǳϣ԰æˡ
֣صͷ򣬡Щϣҿ
Ц·Ըˣ漰̫һϢɶκα
ҲЦδû˰
ֻЦҡͷ˵ֲһ䣺㸴ϣҪֱ빬ʥ⣬ʥػἴһ˽£мûлģԾģҲ󡣡
νʼ磬̽ȥоϵˡ
֮ǰʸϵǷﲻ漰ʮˣչǰģȴǧ˵ϣейְĵô࣬˵ЩͷЩº;ˡ
ϵϢʵ̫ڵ㱻Ҳıս
ɫ򿪿ڣҲˣ̫ӵצѱ鲼Ұ˽ܵļ䵳ƶ񶾣ڽ磬Ҫʵѡ
ߴ϶ջ̫һº޲
̾һôûв󳼵½ᵳӪ˽ǰ¾֪ˣҲûȰʱһҪ֮λ£ֻгһյǻ󳼵ҲҪЩʱԱֻ۱ֻۣȥˡ
ȴĲ̫ӡ
뵽£з⣬ЩˣõֻӣвмĻŮ̫С֮λԭֻλ¿ʤΣƫƫѡԸⵣΡ
濴ûнӻ
ŴЦЦǸˣô治Ļ
ҡͷΪ룬ŻὲЩûҪҵǸ
ЦЦϸһ飬ȫ꣬ѹ죬ΪЪϢĵطȥͷϢգ㾫Ǳ㶯ʥϡ
òؾܾˣ˵յȥ
ҡͷʵڱǸҲ˵ˣϸϣʥǰǲٻȥģʱڣ⡣
˵ţȴͷһɧͱӵĴ
ɫųȥʳʲô¡
ŻŸϹǰˣ̲˽ҴΧˣ˵Ҫı׽鰸
лҪ˵ûиǷ1£v󲹡


61 
ɫأվǰĬƬ̣ͷ˭
̲ɣ
ɫԻԺйһ飬ȷδڸղ۵
˼ԸΪ̲һĹԼ»صңš
ӽ佫̿ߣ𣬡ҽϾˡ
£ܿͷһղϡ
վܻǰƬǰڱϸŵļ̻ɻҽ
˽ӡǰ׼õУȥ˹أΪҽж¡
˽ӡպãһ֣سŵ߾ȫ
ס˫֣ӺŰ뿪
˸߳ңͼһŹ|ӿ˲Χס
ͷ֮˿򣬡ˣҴӵܱı֤ȷ䣬һϵ顣
Թ˶ͻʱǹƥɱΧⲻ󣬱㻺ǰ̤˰벽
оĶСȵֱۣתͷ΢΢ҡͷ
ˣ߿ԣܷ֪֮˵ݣʡ
ЦˣνܱӦ
ֵûʥͣȨ׽ҡ
ͷ½óһɫ뺣ݵǰ˹Ŀ
̽ͷȥϸˣü۳Ҫ˴ˡ
ͷȻ²ʸһȥ˴̲ˡ
޿ɱ粵ֻãֱǰȥ
һ£վԭûж𣬡λҲһͬȥ
оһҵˣҲȨ׽á
ǻҿЦЦһӵҳɣһȥ֤ף޹ҴԻˡ
ס彣ƽ
һս֣ܵԷɢŨɱٿǺɫߣڣǡλС
ֱֱһʱ׼ƣδ𻰡
ЦЦСı̲յĲȴ٣书˿ҪͻҵĹ|ӳȥ練ơ
˼С
ڵĲģͷסźˣҴһʱðȻ뿪ĳֻȥլˣͷλҲСԸġ
սָ˽ֶεʮµʲô㾫׼סߣвң
Цĳвֻǽͺ
˵ţһ̧֣ʿ࣬Ϊó·ҵĲҲס㣬·ҸÿѡԼжϡ
˶٣ȥ򻺻ҡͷ
ЦСڵʲôĳҲܣĳСһ䣬ۼɫҪ䣬ÿ˵ǲǱϿô򵥣Сϸá
ҴʱܹȻǰ׽˹鰸ȷ֤֡Сʶˣ˱˭ƾһ֮ʣСˣ
ŭĿǳ⣺ĪҪʹֶΣֻ̹ڱһˡ
ƽͷ˾˭һȥ̲ܵ塣ֿ𣬡ֻȰСһ䣬һ̲˫׵ѡ񡣡

ٿֻ
룬ҪЮʱؾѾԼѡˣʱһ̹ȻЦֻͷ
û⣬ӸղڵϢжϣ̲̲̫͢ӵˣɾ
̫ӵˣ͢˵̲Ǹɾġ
ʱϷƭ
ûκҪʱϷûһղѾȫˣֺαضһ١
˼һЭͷãҸһȥ̲
Ц˵СǸˣȻͿ̲̬ȺƵؽֽŶ
ڵϣ˦һ˦ײĴ죬ˣ˾Ĵ֮ر𰡡
ʱҪȥ͢ĻعͷЦʱڣĹҴЩҲ֮٣СൣЩ
ٵǰϸоţû
ҡҡͷԹ˵ĳȥ˴ˣ̰֮С˴˼棬Сڴ˴Ϣȥˡ
뿪ηϣѰŸǣ򽻸Ƿϸˣ治ǽ֮ǰڵ۵ʽκ쳣
ͻηʱɫ뿪ʱˡ
Ҳ˲Լݣȸʺ˹͢һ飬ȻŭԭΪչ˵λܸЩģûϵޱֵزⱻǣűߣԼжҲûУ
򣬡˴ô˵
ЦԤҰʲôҰЭı
ЦЦЭ̫ıҵԸһЭүıȫı֮ˣ¾Ǿүˣ͢аӣҲҥԣ׽
˵ţƳ𣬷ɫڣôˣ
𣺡Σգҵóȥ
лҪ˵Ƿ2¡
һv塭


62 V
뿪ڴϣյԺͷһ󼱴ٵ
֪Сɲţˣ۾ҪסͷһϤС¡
ݣ
źϵĴ̫࣬һӦǸˣǿȥš
Ÿմ򿪣ͼ˽ǰ޺С£²Σˣ
Դ˵һҡ£վȣЩԵȥ
ݻæȥǿվס빬
ݿţΣʵڵ󲻵ãֻܽѹȥūź¡
ɺݺͼС̫Ż᷿ȥѣԴתϸ΢ţֻ׽סݵֱ۲ǿԼȥ
һѪɫҲûеĲ԰ģۣȴҶ˵ʲôֻܴߴС̫දЩ
ɺųʱַ̧ԸԺͷһӽȥ֪ͨ˵ԼҪ빬ȥʣҪյϢһ빬ȥϡ
ϵ·ϣʺݣ£
̲סֱӿ޵ݺᣬ½糯ʱúõġʱ̫ӵµһ桭
ݽú˵ϸ˵ȥǱǴ治ˣǣ֪ö˭˵ĵ˿ȫ̫ӵˣͷڱµģһ̫Ҳ޴ӷֱ澿˭ǿŵġ
ŵùģֻʣСһˡ
ֻƬѾȻأһۣĺѹȥ˵֪ˡ
ȥĵʱԶԶͷ޺һƬɺŵǰʺɻڴ߹һأ岢վڿλӣ̫ҽ㱨顣
̫౨ˣСȥʺתšҶϱûЩ˵ݻæǰȥʺ
ḧ˸ʺֱֱۣ֮ʵ۴齱ߣסʵ۵֣ŴʡŴ˫Ŀɫңۿֻ̣ܽҧס˫ǿŲӿ
ǿվ̫ǰۿİĺĵܵܡ
βҲǺģǿ޹ȴ۵׿һ˿顣
㾿ʲôϻյụ̀ȴĵס
̹ȻϸĿ⣬أ⻰𣬸磿
ŵܵܿƬ̣Ʊ磬תͷɨһ۹ŵһ̫ҽҸʾô£
ͷ̫ҽߵͷأүж
˫ֽճȭָǶƤǺζܽ⣿
Сڲ֤
嵶̫ҽϣǽ֮ڽ³ͷ
̫ҽΡΡ̧ͷδӦҪ󣬷ؿ̫ӡ
Ȼףӿֱ̧̫ҽڣ̫ӴͨҸʣ
⻰ԭڻʵǰ޺˶ŵ볯߿
̫ҽֻʣصͷɢŵýͷĵ죬ңүΪҪԩ
պģɨһȦŵļ̫ҽʣ̫ҽأѺ̫ҽйʻ
̫ӵأ̫ҽӶʣѾ׽ù鰸ˣ˿̲Ѷ
ŵܵܣ㾿ﻮ˶ãװµȥĺ֣
̫俴磬ͬĻ𣿺̫ҽڸָʹ¶Ը¶İɣ۰磬µȥ֣
յֶڷֱ̧Ӽ̫Ӳϣ޺޵ھͽҩұ游˽

ʺŵúȴԭأǰ
ǰŵһ̰εҪǰȴ̧֣ͺһ¡
Ƴϵ嵶̧ͷֱֱ磬Ҫɱô
յ΢΢ûջصҲû˵
ɫƽƽ벽˫֣ҪɱɱգҾ֣ɸ紦á
ҧأۿ죬вѪ˿ÿһ鼡ⶼˣеĵȴ޷ٿܵܲ֡

һĵ˶ס
쳤ʱԶڱΪλͻȻع
쳤ֱžӳģʾеĿġ췴ǾǾȼݡ
ԼĻԸʵģ쳤ȼݵġ
쳤ĵѺһʿ쳤󸱽Ÿ廨ˣԼҲһ
屻ˡо󶼶çᶽ塣
һ塱δڣͼ쳤潫çͺֱӶǰʵʲôҪ˵
һǰŵç͹ڵϴͷһԲĺ壬ֿ쳤棬Ҳ׻˵ʲô
쳤һ㲻ףԶͺᶽ׵úܡ
쳤滰δ䣬çѾڵŤųүң
һüͷšסۿç
쳤ʣڻ𣿡
壬ʲô
쳤涨Ƭ̺һһٵϡᵳӪ˽в߻䡢ı췴һ㲻ϣ
лҪ˵Ƿ3¡v
ְͻġ


63 vϸ
ֱŻ壬أûΪҪϣ
û
쳤潫־ٹͷֽһһöݵ쳤У쳤ӹֱӶǰ
ǳ֣⻢㾰ѳģçѾָʹڶǶԤǣӦϡ
ʱŴ󿪣ǰռӼܱȥ߸֪ңڽһϵǴ˿Ѿˣ
쳤滰δ䣬̲쳤洫˽ͼŻѪĺ̫ҽֽѺ״ȥ
쳤潫״ڻߵĵϣһֱΪ˼Ǹµĺӣҿۣ㾹ԼҪĵز
ڽҩ㸸ΣգһΪ飬
ɨһص֤ݺ֤ˣٿվ쳤ĵܵܣƣ
ǰһվ쳤üͷ󲻽⣬磬£ΪεһԾִԲ򣬻Ҫҧһڣ
ҡ£ղˣÿһƤⶼʹͷԷ裬ֻάһ˿֪ԼȲܵܽƱֻܿ쳤档
壬ݺң֤֤˶һְţ졣
ʽ糯ʱ㶾̫֤Σ㲻ÿô
쳤֤ݵģҴ̫ܱ֪ͨƾһ֮ǲ̫ӻΪݺԼĸô̵ģɼȻˣ쳤滹ǿ̫ӣ˵Ŀģ
̫ҡͷȷĵǸҹģºҲҲǵĸʣȫ̶ڵģΪ֤
һ壬ͷúܵһԲ¿ܵܣΪҪʱ䱻ʽڶǺԭɸҵ˵潲ˣ¼Ҳ¥һ㰵ı˺£ɸҵŻҷҧһڣ㱻ʲģͶ·ɱģ
쳤üͷɴ֣ת̫ӣʲô¼Ҳ¥£
̫ӳĬΣʧЦҡͷ壬¼Ҳ¥£ȥŸʱ˾׶Σδ࣬вδἰˣԭ¡
̫űԩ飬磬ұЩ棬ҲΪЩ棬ʼδἰ£ɼȻԼˣҲûҪΪˡ
¼Ҳ¥Ǽ£ͨں˺ϰƭȥ¥ıɱͼȡ¶󸸻ʽ|ڹУȫࡣ
飬ҹӳȥڰϵܣǶһʱߣʵʾɱҵµһ̿ͣ㽫Щ£ΪȫȻ֪ô
ҹΪ¼Ҳ¥ִ࣬ǰ˲飬ᵳӪ˽ȾָЩֱܵĻ
ʹļףٲʱΪ룬ɸѶֻ˵ᾡˣϡ㾹ǹǽԸ֣
ŵܵ治ɫЩߵڰ׵Ļ޵ЦںԣҪ¼ҶʣҪ˺ϰʣ
̫ӵأ·ߥ޶ȥϲܷͷˣ˺ϰȫԱδڣЩ綼ôǸ綼ǵãǷ곡ϷװװӰˣ
˶ʣҵи飬纰Ǵ̿͹ʻںڴ£
ŶԣҲ϶ҧϵģΪǸĽͬͬʳҲΪH´ڻ𣿡
亹ʪǰغ󱳣ʪ͸鷢ҵϣ˫һ˿ѪɫֻõڵǿԼȥ
Уʼն̫壬Ҹ̫ʱڳ֪ģǲǣ㿴ҸʽͬķϣȾ࣬òã
쳤ǰһסŮ˫֣ӣҪ£֪ʲôֻܽǡ
彫ͷѹüͣú󣬷һ䣺󳼸˵ģ࡭
һ˿ҲȻ޴棬ֻתֱָ̧壺ѣļ黰ƭʲôˣ˴壡ҸʵҲˣȴҪΪ
쳤ʣֱĵӲ˵ѡĪҪνĽƱ硣
ĵڵϣһϸ죬ε£ٳŲסڵϡ
סС¡ūĴūȥѰ㡭ū㣬Ҳ˱ѽ
쳤лʵگʱڣʹΣڽǹܡ
ʧ̱ڵϣص֤֤಻ٱ⣬쳤ֳһ飺Ըϴҩ
̧ͷãȻŻ壬۵һ̶ˮ޲
쳤泤̬̾޿ǰٸһλᣬԾǸĺúӣ˺ƭƻ˴·㽫ҩ¼ԭίг㱣֤һסľţ𣿡
Բ˫ۿ쳤棬һҲûУĬΣɤӺ塱
쳤ͷһ£ڵϵӣ˵ա
ʺͷ۵Щҡĸ
쳤ŵһۣվֱˣԭǵɢ
̫ӵ쳤𣬡磬ĸˣڱɽׯ絽ڲɿϴҲͰˣҪٽĸϽǷ˼Ҳðô
ܵܣЦҲûʣ£ֻ
쳤ǰڴóʵگָ̧߾ٹͷ岻ʣ̫ͬʹ֮Ρ
ֿڵϵǸСӰƽ²졣
쳤Ľᵶǰڵ˿Ԥȥ
ֺ¡ʱʧǣȥ˰ظšСǰסͷҶı֮£ԩģ棬㲻ŲҶı֮£
쳤ۿŻʺ󣬡ʺҲŲԣֻ֤ݣԩԻỹס
ֺҡͷУҶС岻ãȥĵطǲ棬Ҳ㿴ųģʵ£
ֺԼɩ쳤Ҫɺ󹬲øĵΪΪһ֮ĸӦõģǸ߿λɩɩ
쳤һԲվֺԽԽĳü̧ߵԽԽ
̫쳤ߣȥֱֺۣĸҲӣΪŸȴҵĻ
ֺڸо̫߬סԼֱ۵ʱƱ׵򵽰˲ŻŽֱ۴̫ϳң㲻ҶӣûĶӣΪ˼˴㸸ʣҪ޻Լ׸磡Ҷ˶Բ£Ҫ
̫˿һܿ챻»º͵αװĸܾˣĸ岻ʣ㲻ҪӲţˣĸعϢ
һǰֺǿнֿ
쳤صؽ·ÿۿֺһ·޺űϳȥ
ĵ°ڻʵ۴齱ߵɻ̶סҭѹȥ
쳤濴Ƭ̣˴ȥա
Ȼ˿ֻڱ߹쳤ʱڣ塭
쳤ŤͷϸһŲ԰׵
壬ԲңҸʵİȫҪ󳼵˿
쳤иֳЩ죬Щǵ˫ۿȻ󻺻ͷ
.
ȥؽηȴٳδԤеѶ
˲ˮʳҳҲҺȣֻܱ˫ϥڽԽԽ̣ղˣͷ۵ɤƲסز
ϸĽŲ򿪵Ĵ졣
̧ͷܻܵǰ
硣̫ƽ
ٿʲô
̫Ƴһ۷ϵĲˮʳЩգҪӡͣƬ̣Ц¶
϶յһԼһڣ͵ǰ
ǳɫˮʺͷ
̫ӽյͣģʱˣûҪٺ㡣
ǲˮʵڿʵյڽˮ
̫ӿǱģɫЩӣĿղյֵһµݵǰЩȣǺˣû˸
ٴν²յβУֻСһڿš
̫ӿβˮȥøɾָҪԷգƫͷ㿪
дֺͻţһţѾǽŲ޲ֱǽȥ
̫üͷһ飬磬ң
ҡͷ̧ܵܶӣ󳼣㣬Źʣѽҩô
ֻҪϾȸʣҪʲôУЩ£Ҷ㵣Ҷϣֻ˸ʡ
̫ӰڳΪı飬˵ʲôЩʹ£ԭǸģкθϵνҵţ
ʶ磬ֻͷãңģ󳼣㽫ҩòã
̫ǰһ̧ȥ޽ǣȴͷþǽ϶ֻڨڨȻջ֣磬ôЩĪĻʵ¼Ȼģҩô
ܵЩϷֻҡͷ޵󳼣㣬µȥ֣ѾǴˣǸλӳ綼ģαؼһʱ£
¼Ҳ¥ǼҲûнҷ㣬ֻΪ˱ס̫֮λΪλϷŹʡŹң
ŸĬãжαװЦ
㵱Ϊʰң֪֪СΪܹ㣿
㸸ʰôġ
ӳ𣬱㱻ԡѧ˵̰棬ʼֻϴ֮λ
ұŬ㡢ʺ̫ӣЩںֻشѧϰǳӣȴҪܵܵĹѧϰϽ
СγɫУѧʱͷһ⣬Զʵûйܺ㡣
ٶٺãֻģ
ҲѧֺӣȴδҰĸĸ۵İģԶֻ㣬ֻʣͼɵ
ƾʲô
Ϊұ꣬㴦һͷСճƷ󵽴֮λӣԶȽõĸ㣬ȴֻʣµģ㲻Ҫʩҵģ
֣оֻг
ʣ˴裬ЩЩ𣿡
̫ɫ壬ЩʱĿѣû˴ǰºαװ
ŵܵЩŤݣã޴شȥ
Ӳ֪ܵ˼
󳼣㡢ˣʺĸǰġ
ЦվõλӣռеƫȴҪҽǰĹ
㶮ʲôĸ󵥶Ҽʱҵôʵټʱ˵ЩôʲôΪЩ£ǴӲǰչ¶ΪǰĴֻ㣡
ǽ㻤ȴֻҶŢУУӶ㲻ϣ
ĬΣ˱ۣ̾Ц£ڶȥˣѧԸҵЩҶһûˣһȡѧΪɫöһ
˵ţǰһӰС
Ÿ羪嵽һŵСèģЦˣ¶ſº޺С
ϣʵճκı¶ԾӴ޾ˡ
̧֣ĿܣḧգǸģΨһˣֻ㽫ҵ׵ܵ۰Ҳֻ㸶ġ
᲻ɱ㣬һĨȥݣɤӣֽŽҵĵúÿν⽭ɽȲڹ֮䡣
粻ϲֺеҰ㰡һŸ磬ʳǣ֣
Σ
.
͢˵ӵЭıܱ֮Ѿˣֻ͢һ󣬱͢ŭռϷ磬ȥ±ı
һƣоǱ˰ˡ
˼Ƭ̣δؾǳȥģҲΪʥ
ɫҡͷϺͽϵһǳȥģ̫Ҫ֣ھҪȥȷȫ
ڴʱѾȥݹϢˣغܿټǣʱǽ¼ԭίȻܻȥˡ
ҡͷ漰İȫһҲȲˣǴŻϵ͹ģΪʲô̫ͣӵѾ͸̵ȥˣݵϢδؾܽȥϵĶ䡣
Ҳµǿܻһ
̾һ̧̧֣ϳص죬ڱȥҲȥˣ̲ƵģԿףûܴá
˵һ룬̧ͷѾժֽϵʼηˡ
۲Ƭ̣תͷһ쿴ڽͣǲڵˣҵĻְҵܡ
ЩӲصͷְҵء塣
˵ллͷѲһʱ˿ηţͽ͵Ϯһ䵥ʿĵȻٶȽֵһˣӴҳԼ罣Ͻš
ֽϵ嵱ॸϹ
Ųһ٣ãȻ
һֶۣȥѾεͷԿס
ˡʲô
˼ԿףڴʮֿĵعһּȥҽԿףڼ̧Ƥ𣬡һԽ
ԼȥУðȻ뿪ԭϴѵҲˡ
ֵ̧ԭҲϴˣνο˵öԣǳˣ֮ѣѣþȥʥϣϲˡ
ûټ֣ѽˣһȥ
̲ѾûԽˣͷصĹٱ࣬ҸղŴԿŵŵ·ϣԼĪжʮ˰֣ͷ˵ҶһζԸôˣҴͷ󲿷ˣ㡪
˵һ룬ֱὣȥˣ˿ûдæˡ
çײΪʮֲ׷ȥһ²ճľ棬ȴȻ̵˴ٱֱӳűߣסйٱȥ·ӳȥͨ籨š
Ǽȼ򵥴ֱЧսʽ
ǰȥæ̵׼س̧ۣͷµĹٱѾڵˡ
ЩӣϾˣֱӳ˵˾䡰ߡתӲųȥˡ
ȻСլԺԺĽ˵عһ̣罣ϸʲôҲ˲ˣתͳʹɱȥ
׷ͷһ·ţôסֱ׷ʹ£ڼ˸ߵĹǽ⿴Źŷ
׷վߴڴ幬ŷɫſصˡ̫ӵˡȻǱˡ
תŹǽȥ
׷ȥ⹬ǽ϶Ƕ̣ȥģ㷭ȥҲ̱ͷѲߵҵĹ|סġ
ջߣȫûԷĻֻʣˣ﷭ȥĵ
㶣ߣиͤŵľĵرأȥģߣ֪иǲĽţȥ
û˵꣬Ѿȥˣһ䣺ֱӷǽȥĵ˴߽Żȥɣҵĵϡ
ὣ뿪ıӰԭû
Ϊܰѷǽʵ޹ֻøԼҴһȻ
Ϊλ˰ѻϵ㶨ڹĪĵطͲôױ|ĵط
ЩûʳڣѾʧҰ
ҡͷȥˣĵ̿ͳ˾ǲһ˼ķʽࡣ
߽Ŵһ˸С̫࣬˶Է·ƣȥþԼ׽ɱܿѲߵĵһۿڷ
¿˿ʶʱصǴݼ⣬ʵǸõĲպÿԱܿĿظڣ̲סָ̾һҵ֮ʵ
𿴵ɵڵʲô
Ͻȥ粢ڷ
³ˣڴϻԲѣĵŵĲǻʹǱ߾Ӫˣ´齱ŵˡ쳤棿
ĵϵãȷʵ쳤ˣͷȻˡµĲΡ
ţƶ̫ġ
˵ҲΪ̫ɺܴ󣬵ЩӦС£У̫²ȴҲδóı¡
ȷ¾̫ģ£ֻЩɥ˵ûҵ
򾹴ĪίͰյ̧ͷۿ죬Χָȥ⼸̫󡢻ʺӵ޹Ǳߣȥ鷿ǰһ飬ܡ
ûУ򣬡ǼͬһҶѹˣûҵ
סѹˣ
ͷ
̲ס̧ͷɫŸϹӦҲ˲һʱôô̵ʱôطһģ㱾ԼĪסϡ
˵ŤͷǼ֪ʲôطʵڲУҾͰѻʹһ飬ǿҪһ
ϿŻ򶨣ϰ֮ˣ˿ýԷǳظоɢѾҵʲô̶ˡ
ܻţҲ£Ȳȳ¡
ԺٿȻӿһص㣬ѹ𣿡
.
Щʱƽʼմº͵ЦǰʸǷԸȥʱһȻ
ֻһ˫˿ȴд𺡣
ƴҡͷѱǽǣ޿ˣţ󳼡ˣ
Цûз裬һֱֻǸǰ̫ҵԭĿˡ
棬ͷױ㱻ƭˣôһסҵǻ֮󣬱㽫úûĵٲøκΣգԶȥˣɺã
˵ţ̧ḧգָ޽Ħ򢣬°Լӡ
˫۷죬̧ƿвյȥŲˮڵܵϣѾһ˿ƿܵȥ
һˮպڵϵĴƬ̧ۿͽģϵЦˣֱǣǰסͷšֱ۽ˤϣȻסϸݰĲ
绹ȥģҰ㽫ĨǰҲȥԹԵҰһжźþˡ
ԭԴͻյû˿̱סӣҾֻܺ·ػֽŷԭ԰׵ˣᱻƳǿɤ©ĵڡ
˵ʲôɿס֡
ǿŲӴڴϢƴţˮ
ŸģЩ̣תȥ˸յˮϢƬ̣ηܿͻᱻˣͻϵȷ˸ѶˣԺҲΪЩʷȽڷˡ
ŵܵܵˮıӰ߻ŲѵĴƬϣСĵŲȥ˼һƬٶȳܱܵϴ̹ȥ
ڸʱ˱󶯾ɶǴ̹ĴƬ̧߿Ȼֱֽšǽϡ
磬ǰһȰϰЩ򣬴˿Ҳѿ޻֮
˵ţֱۺڸ粱ϣָָ̧Ửյȴǲֻ㣬ȥҪұֻֽŽˡ
⻰ŵϲ˲жˣ󳼣Źң㡭
Ͻס磬ҷڰ㣬ȴҪҷŹ㣬Ǻ⣿
֪˵ʲôԼ˿ʲôͽֻܱۣͣס˫ٿڡ
顪
űײ
һӰ룬δع񣬱ѾԷס
û練Ļᣬ̵ֱж˫˫Ⱥ°ʹؽڣ罣˳Ž˿˿Ƥʹ﷢
ܳɤӣĸָұĸָͷιԼԽȥ
ûӦ°ͱжѾҲ޷ֻܵԲһ˫ۿ
һŲϣ̧һֻ֣罣󴦣ֱӶְֻɡ
˵ո߾𽣷棬зһ
Сɡ
ǽڣϣ̧˫֡
̺ۣʱҲ˲ǰȥסԲ𡭡
סǰ˲䣬ֽۣͷš
ԭΪҲûôСɱˡ
ͷףҾȥ
˵꣬ɿתٴγ̫ȥȴסֱۡ
罣ǲزסɱϹЮ޾ǿסֱۣȴֱӴųǰ˹ȥЩԵڵϡ
֣ס¶ס
ͼü㣬㻹Ҫһ㣿
ҡͷҲǻǵ㡭̫ӣպڽ㣿
뵽ղųη￴һĻֻŭģԺ󣬡Ҳں뿪ʱصҲν
СɣĻۿֺˣ㲻ںҵΣ
ᣬסλعʶԼçײϥأסͺ
˵ҸʣѽҩҸʣԻʰ
ӦãԱϣȻߣж°°ȥ
ʹôгɫɷףϺܿ
˾䡰ҩġһۣתͷȥ
·һ飬ʲôҲûҵһҩģȻûеõӦ
¶סָȥã㼸ָɿڣ
㡪
ҲǽʳģδвʱקָŵŤ壬ȴ޷ֻŤͷˣͷˣ
ָڷƺһ£ٲҳ
ͷˣѾҴˣ̫ӷģڰȫúܣôУġ
쾰ηԾļ쳤͹˿ģ类ֻͨ˼ֽģԤսپ뿪Ϊ˶ĿԭŵҲδ
ȫûϵʹ֮ûϵô
ָһʹعʹеãҸҩںδѸٱ˶һƫǽ໨ƿλá
˫ۣδ˵ѵĺۼŽ˰ڽ䣬תߡ
ȳȥԵһᡣ
˵գתȥȴסţߡ
ǰϵĶͷһ£ϻ
ҡͷøЩ
ֻܸ̾ͷȥ
ƷŵΨһĳڴǰ
˵˸ղŵҪȥȡҩ
ͷֱӵͬȥ
Ӧ̫ӱ˰ͷηҪ鷳˽ȥ˴
ôؽ̫ӻ˰£˼룬ЩӲءŶһȻСŽȥʱб̫ӣǼϰᱧһˣ˻̫ӡ
𿴳ҪͬȥѰҩʮּѣȰһͤİ
̫жʵ㣬ҲǿͷӦˡ
ԭһǰԵճճҲٰŪˣͬȥȡҩ
˵𣬱̫ȥˡ
Ϊж㣬ı
ԹԷϣֱ۽ס𲱾˫Ȳϣ˲䡣
תͷͷһ£ס˫ȣתУȴԶһѵصľӺưѹ
Լһʱǰ쳤ĵ鿴ıϸԼӾѳĿҩصʱյ̫ӵ˵Ϣ˵춯쳤ǰȥ鿴
ϳĵǰǾ仰쳤ʼδ뿪ѧߣµĵҲȫȨ̫ӡ
ʱ̫ӵˣֱĸŻһǧ񱱾ٸ¡
ڹռһǧȫװľ˽ۡΧˮйͨ
쳤ʹͬǳڱԡѪƴɱսʿһʮ
źͷѸΧ£ľӣٿȻҪȥȡҩѾˡ
µһ̿͵ݰ⣬ҪľӣͻΧȥҩѳϣҲãġ
Ψзмƻʹǲһ
оȦԼϵ˫ۻøˣЩյ͸ŤͷضԶľӣüͷšһҹ紵ǰ鷢˫ʢ塣
ǣͷ£ڣµġ
лҪ˵̫ӶԻ¶Ϊʲô֣иŶ
ƪ£̫̿ӵĶԾʽʼŶ
ллСɰһֱ֧
ǵղ۶Ĵдȥ
ĸлOrz
ǵҶڿģÿóģҾԺÿҪװɸߣڸĴǿŶÿġ


64 
⿪Լ˽һתͷգ۾ϣץңҪ֡
סֽŸЩͷѣ˫ۣбӵ죬ʸƳյļХźС
ʵĺ󱳣ʱļμɱȴδ˿ҡ
˵ӳˡ
ʱѾվ˲ڵһؽӵ⡣
ţ˰ţͷѸ˿ţӭ˽ȥ
˼򵥽䣬⿪
ͷһο棬ŷǰڡ˺ۣۿ̺ˣ˫Сɡ
̧ȥǰˣȴס
ЦЦû£Ƥ˶ѡ
ȴѾӿҡͷ
̽۽ǣû£ϢȥԱ߸˿ڴˣ
ҪһԲԼƤƻ⸱ƤеӡΪɾܾˡ
ΪЦ䣬ûټ֡
ת뿪Ц⣬ͬʦȥ˸ڡ
ڵĽӵֻճϢͶݣصҲײĵӣʱڰĵʣͺС
ѾƤճ·Ƭһ˺ְ崴ҩ졣
лҹ»ϣչ˺β뿪ӵ㡣
Ŀ̲סʣʦֻҪȥͷʣȥδ
ʵأ»˻ʹҪ򻹴̫ڹûȥ˾ȳ
ʵͷȨľȻѣʦڵƣʺ϶Դʹֱ۴Ǵ|ˣӰĳٶȣðȻжҪҿŻزڣԮ
ǼֱӴֱ࣬սļȺҪУٶȺȶۿۡ
ûнʵ飬˿ҪȥŵֹԮҪһʱ䣬Ȳôá
ҡͷûϵһС£Σ룬Ӳաһ䣬鷳ʦܰҿ罣߽ҹɫС
ӽֱݼһ·йֶǽ˿ѾѲĲͷͱͷҪǷ׳졣
Žֱݼһ·⣬ϼ˿ǣţӰж㲻ǰðȻǽѰ˵ǴţŻȥ
ٴ빬ִ˿̻ʹذѲߵıǵûмǿ뿪ʱҪࡣ
󲿷ֱȥѲˡ쳤̫ζ뵽ʱٴع
ѰȥǴԣûп̫ӵӰǰԸల࿴ص
һǱ¶ˣһ
ת̫ǰ˵ǴؽҩĶƫϹȥƫ˿ҲѾؿ
ڹۼֿƫֻ̫ӷԸģǽҩͱضǴƿˡ
𽫶ַһ飬Ҳûҵ̫ӵӰӣ֪Լ빬˿ˣȴҲûʱڣֻת׼쳷룬ȥ
ɸշԶԶĵƹӳһ˱ͦӰһٿתǵȥˡ
쳤ĵһ̲뿪ѾŻϸ·£̫Ҳ˳ҳȥһΰ̫ҽΣѺȥ̲
쳤ߣ̧̫ѨֳеĶδ⣬Ҳûй̶һȴַӡ
쳤ͷţһɱϮ̰εվδʱ㱻˻ȥĽе
쳤վñֱһǽУ̧۶źɫҹµˣĿκξɫˣ
Ӧǡ
쳤ʣҪɱң
ҡͷϣүıҴ˿̼ܽϣͷҽʱѾ벱ӷּˡ
쳤𣬡Ҫʲô
ӻͳǰ򽻸ѧ˽ӡۣ쳤ǰϣͷϸд̫ӵĸ״үֶ֣뽫ͷݿˣв֤
֮ĽҩӦҾҪ̫Ҫүжᡣ
˵գˣֱӽ쳤ΣԾ⣬ݶȷŻ˽ȥĵ쳤棬ת뿪˲ڽӵ㣬ֱȥϢķ䡣
ϥڽ䣬˫ĿʧǰĬĬᡣ
첽ȥߡ
ȥסȥΪβң
϶ˣýˣȫʹҲ⣬رͷףȥĵ塣
ţʶ̫ãȻ̧ͷ𣬡һ壿㿴Ҹôô
ͷһֱ㸸أµģİɡ뵽ڽܹѲĹٱֵڲȫҪҹϻزȥټһ󣬿ô
Ӧ
ĵڣ쳤汻Żʳ˺£д̿ʹ롣
쳤涢ϵĻʵ˽ӡۣĬΣҡͷֻĵΧɱأ£ѧ齱ߣӡѧͷ۴ӵһҳ
ⰸǳʸѧģ¼ǰѧʮͷݼ¼Ϊ쳤泤פڱߣԶǵ²Ϥʮַ񣬽һҳͶá
һҳĩβ쳤üͷѾ˴֡
塣
һӵŴ쳤̧ͷ̫ӲЩȵس߹
쳤ʶҪ۲󳼣ôʱϵˣ̫ҽô˵
̫ûʲôѪɫȴ쳤º͵ЦʣõĿۣ
쳤ҲҴˣֱӽ۾ʣͷдĶ֪ʲô
̫ҡͷЦ˵֪
쳤ֱӽ۵ݸ̫ӣԼ
лҪ˵ԺͶÿʮ°


65 
۽ӹһϳıʼ
ڰﱻѳ֮һʱԼ˽ϸϸѹһ飬δҵۡ
ôĻУ
޲ܴ˿̱㽫Ǹ֮˲ǧУȴԾǹº͵Цطҳ̧ͷ壬򽻸ģ
쳤ҡͷ˭ҵĲҪֻ㣬ͷдĶô
ȻǾͲ빬ǰˣôҪݣ֮ǰ쳤ˣԸزϵڲʣǽյۡ
ڹ۽۵ݵĵ쳤ϵģ벻ڶˡ
޵Ѫɫȥˣֽ߬ȭؽҧѧһ˫ȴЦŵģ壬òǽôµǴ̿ͽ۽ģ
쳤ɫ΢֪ԼĴǿ϶ˣһ»һΪ˵쳤档
壬Ǵ̿ͽ˶ĵ׵£ôôôʹҪȻЮ֣оϰٸԴҲġ
ǰ˵ˣǴ̿ǲڵˣǰ㱻ˣֻΪѰŻɱҡ
˸ϣĻοţ
Ǵ̿Ǵ̲ӳ󴳵Ļʹ˱ЭıѺȥֻ̲ҹ͢˱֪
ЭıѳָʹǿнԼϱ㲻Ϊ档
ϸ룬ҧҵЩǴֺ̿αҪðҹʹҲҪ¾ȳ
飬ֺαҪµĵѶ
ƽƶʼն쳤һ˫ۿֿ쳤ֶʹȻûŭֻ渵ԼίĬΣ̾ϢҸղЩ嶯ˣûй˼ĸܣ󳼣㲻Ҫֻ塣
ҡͷС۰ԭҲԸ£ǰҲ
̫Ӳ԰׵˫¶Ķֳϧʧ飬쳤̾Ϣҡͷ
˶٣˵ҹŸʣʵۣǽۿˣ⹬ͶǱûĹǣҪˣҸҲԸ񣬲ȴŸʣЪϢգĵΣ
쳤û𻰣á
һ̹ȻֻйС
쳤̾ҡͷˣ³˽ǰһһֱڻңֻܵܵӦΣǷ޹أϣ⡣
ͷס˵Щϣ屣ĻңԸ۽ңıһҪµ档
쳤滹뽫ԼϸˣͷѾܾػʵ۵󣬴ʱپֶܾģȨһЭͷӦˡ
쳤湧񣬸˳ȥһ룬ֱ쳤ס
󳼣ĵ飬̲ȫ̲Э°ɡ
쳤üһֽܿڲ쳤ͷ˵֪ˡ
쳤ֽһ䣬Ѿĵȫˣѱûˣȫ̶ţɵһ˵ľޣѱ©֮㣬̲ЭҲࡣ
ȻṫȻ飬ֻµɣֻ쳤ǳЦ񣬡ˣ̲ԭҲʼЭ˰岻ᣬҲðսȫȨµġ
쳤οͷ׾ͺã˻ûãЩȥЪ°գע塣
л˻壬ǡ
ҹ˲ڵ¸ݵأɽͷסˡ
Դжְ󣬱㵥ɽͷԺסţ̫Ӵɱһ¶Ż˲ȻվΪ˶ɽͷԺӡ
˵Щ£˺ݺݳһ٣ͽϵˣûµȥֺֻŵҽ߹˺ĸһˣҩ࣬뿪
޲ͽҹݣɿʵǱѵģֻȷŹҪЩϢˡ
ˣ˵ȷʵʹϰ֮ˣһ̾͹ȥˡ
С̶ʱ䷢½;Ͽ壬ҩЩȴʼЩ㱡
ʦֵֻʹԼźš
ιҩְ϶ϴһ飬Լʦĸɾѣ˱ȥϺá
ϻţ𲻸ҿ̫Ը⣬Լƴ꣬ȥˣҲ˲Լǰղñ˿ڡ
ţѽš
СɣΪλʷǰġµȥ֡
ҵĴûӳ㣬ڸߣͲᱻ󳼶ˡҲòܳ
̾Ϣѹֲ̧Ķǰ鷢ͷţˣϢòã
ҡͷϸ˿ɨǣСɣҸô죬᲻£
̧֣򢽫ͷ̧Ǻŵˮۣ𣿡
𣬡š
ЦҸ㱣֤һ㸸ʣ㽫̫Ӻĵ𳹵װ⵹𣿡
ƶĻĵףŵһͷ¿
һСС̿ͣôܺʹֵ̫Ӷ



66 
ûˣֽŶҲʣСбǸ|ӰýڹԻָ
Ҫ̤Լɽͷ벽ΥʦٲҪʦԼżȽźЩĵӻضǿ졣
Լڵ״̬ȥҲֻңԹɽͷ
ˣ״̬һЩֻǾܲ˼ʻ᲻£ȰãָڵѾȷϣרźÿҩʳţ쳤һ̲ţ£ſʱķ£ջ겻ġ
˹գС˵ϸٺʱ֮ǰԱߣ˵Ҫıס
ɵӣԵСˣһţϥ̧ǰ֧ëʣֽϻһҲδ
˰ϸٳ̧ۿģ̧
ŵһػͷи
ֱӽһŵϣǣɵôˣСɵˣ
ëʷסĲӣСɣҶģǰ¹ɽׯ鷿ô
Ц˵Ȼû⡣
룬ԱߵһС˱̯鲢ï
һʱգһ˫ۿ̫ӡ֣Ǳ£˲˲ҡͷ˵̫Ӳϲүģүϲ
ЦЦḧ˵£ˡ
üͷšţһ˫΢΢죬ҡͷҲˣҲⱾˡ
һԲϾġ
ЩΣ˵˸ͷˣòãⱾҲˣ
ȻĹĵأ׻ǵͷӦˡ
һ£¶
;˫ٿȻס𲱾ֱ۽˽˫ȼϻεš
֪ˣźүĆµ̫࣬ǹң
һÿɷ˦һΪٷĻش𣬡Ĵ鹹ͬʵɺϣҪʵԭ͡
΢ۿ˫ǹңƭңǲΪǰҲСլӣǺдԼ
ޱ߼ʵĹȽʮΣ˫Լûôɣĵı¡
ЩˣֱЩŲɣʮֳء
üëƳǲ˵Լصġ
ŭ̧Сȣֱ̧סûֽŲŤţԭͲѺܿɢͷһƳǳ½ѩ׵һƬʶЩܿˡ
뵽ϴΪԼʧǵ֮ܵЩ뵽ո廹Žͷѹȥ
̧֣½ã̺ӽӣֻ¶һСԴȻɤЩɳƵʣˣ
һ룬ΣȻͷ
ˣҶˡ
˵ţסС
ؿǰ潫СᶼˣΣʣ̫ӵˣǸʲģ̫ӵˣ̫Ӻʱ⹷ūţ̫Ӿͨ˶Ҹʵˣ˼˴Ļǣ
˫΢΢죬ָĦ¡
Ҫһᡣ
Ц˵Ȿ겻ˣ
̧۵һ󣬴﷭ȥСϣ㲻ԸˣԼ
ҡͷϻ̺ӰãҸֻҪԸҸҹû⡣
ͷһִֻë̺ţЩ
ЦִԼǣ̺ȻСӰᵽϣһһˡ
ֱ̫ɽɫȫһ꣬
ֱǰĬá
ôˣͷüǡ
̧ͷСɣôСʱڲ߻ıˣûнʵȥô
ͷ𣬲ʲô̫Ӷߵһģ㸸Ƕ֣޹ء
ۿֺؽë΢΢š
̲ס۽ϣ˳üǼ⣬ٸƬǷչɲܿƵǡ
˫շ̣Ϣ𣬡Сɡ
ţ塣
̧ۿӣԤδã
ҲںԼļƻǰֱӵȻǿӡɲᣬȥΪⲻʽУҲҪߺԽʽַȥ
Ҫİն̫ӾĹεĶ


67 
̧ͷ򢣬С˵һ
ĬƬ̣ûжͷ
һָʳ½
ϳϣЩϸ΢ĲȴڴϢнȥ
ЩʼҲǺ·ģֳţɬҵȥ½
ǰı¶ʶ𽥿ʼܿƣ̧֣סϸݵļͷƣڲС
ҲЩǼѹֿƺĽ˻ơ
ţԶв𣬱߬סͷҲû취Է֣ûѣ̧ɫıԵĦüͷšţۣЩ߳ŭ
ͷһôؾܾˣСɲԸ⣬ˡ
˵ţж̧ҪϷֱ߬סȥ̧÷һ˫𣬡ʲôȥ
Цֱ۽
뿪˿ڣ˫ͨ죬
ĶĶͷӳ㶯˵һ˫üۣüһ£ҲǲԸ⣬ŸպãԲģȹ
˵һ룬ְϣ˫ֳͷͷסͷԵ
סǹЩΡ
յͨ죬򴽣̽ȥ
˽ѹһ֣ҹϻǰֱŽȥͷ϶ĴϢø˾䣬õ졣
ϣ˫ۺţᣬŵûһ̧סԼ첻ôϢ©ѾŻŷҪȥ
ȴסȥЦ
Ť壬ѹ˵ˣɿ
𲻷֣⺰ʦе㼱ҪȽһ£鷳ʦȻȥһᣬҸ㶨ȥ
˵üΪ̹ŵԲһ˫̧ۣҪ׽ס󣬷ѹϡ
ôӵۣţ˸Ͻӹһ˦ҪԼԺȥߵһתǵðʰɾ
صԼԺӣҵȵȲСӣϢ뵽ͽ£ԽԽϢԽԽңȥԺֱ죬ڿӯĲ߹ɾѣЦʦ
ͽˬģɫˣǹ˼ϵˣھֱӽ˵
ͽܰΣ𽣣һԲתȥ
һ·С׷ȥ
һ˻ûãƤˣ
ٺЦⲻǣʦǲʲôϢ
ҡͷŭѹȥҪǰҪЩĵȥˣٰµʱϢ⣬̫ӻصˣüĿˡ
ӳ˴գʦ
̫ԺдţҲΪѣҪ˵ٳˡ
ͷ˵ҲԤ֮е£ͷһû֣̫ܵԸ񣬿ºеڶλˡ
Դ˱ʾͬ˵ˣ̫ҽ̫ҽԺͷסţĵбүҹţûýͷ붼оӸţߵĶ˶Ĵ·Ҹȥļ뽫˽ˣûܳɹ
ԭҲָôҵҩ̫֮ڽҩһϱضӱСģֻҪ̫ӵûٿĵУٻ쳤濴ţڲΣա
룬쳤ûȫ̫ǰû̫زٶԻɱ֣Լѱȥˡ
˵˵ǵûϴ˵ĻʱӦ̲ιѺŵġ
̫ҽͬ
̫ҽ̫ҽԺԺʹӹٷϾ׽ϳץ֮һֱı£񶼳Ǵңÿ챻Ѻŵ˲ҪѰʵѣֻƾòСҷΧ
ʦмɰգ
ź˼һ󣬡ųϡ
ͷ
ǹ̲ǾĿǰõ
̲ӦɾĻ֮һû¡Ժȴƫƫ̲Ӧ쳤Ϊ֮
𽻸쳤Ƿ쳤˼֣쳤Ҫס˵̫ġ
ͻƿڡ
ʦҪɽȥǡ
лҪ˵Сһʱ䣬ƻŶ
⣬ױƭСԸҲܸСߵһȥѽǱ˭ûȱ
׷ܵģⱾĺܿҪ


68 
һСϣ뿪ȥ˶ǣֱ̲ζȥ
̲صıϴԽʱҪ౶ҲίʵЩ򱻹Ѻη
򱻵ѺηΧ˲ٹٱţȥͷص˾̵ߣԼǸ
ϴηֿʱҪЩ¹ڶ룬δҲδѶôһǸЦŰڰ֣ˣˣԽ֮ǰ̲ˣȥһˣ˸ηԶףҸøлǡ
Ц̲û㣿
ҡͷҲأЩ͢ӰӶû
ʣˡ
̧֣ˣĻʲôˣ߰С
ͷԼСɣʣҪҪҳȥزȶһӣ
·ʲôһȻ
ѾϰĪں̬ȣЦҡͷˣ̲һŵùģȻʱ㣬ȴģ⣬һǰݸǣлΪ·
濴򣺡ллΪЩ
ڰ֣ڱ£ҷ֮¡ˣ
˵ˡ
ɫԻСɷչˡ
ЦҵˣչӦõģǰû˺
ɫ䣬ֱ𣬳Ĭòŵǡ뵽֮ǰСլԺӣȻͷ޶ˣǸǸ
ҡͷ˵û¡ǰҵ˽ӡۣҸ쳤ˡ
һʱûʲô˼ôģ
ֱȥĵġˡ
ЩӲءһ𴳻ʹ֮ˡ
˵ڵӦûͷݡ
ʾ⣺ϾдۣʹȥģҶ˸մ˻ʹ¡
ʧЦǰѵ¹̲ҲҪ׼Ǻܿܲġ
򣺡ףҪԵġ
Ǳȥ˻ʹ
䱸ɭϣ쳤ԼδĴǿرӰ϶ȥ˶
һƫݼϣŶͷΧˣʧЦҡͷ̫ӵ£ĺ
ͷȥ̫ҽԺûҵ̫ҽȥĵ뿪ʱ𲻴쳤ѧֱӰȥѧ齱ϣѧǰĴ˴ΰȫϡ
ѧɫһڴϣϷҩιʳʳܣźĹڴţûݵӰӡ
ת뿪ȥ˴֮ȥܷ֡
ܷȻӪҵͨÿ岽ԶһŵĲš
ĸ߹ǵʮѹ֣ǹ˿ͻǹԱĴǴ
ϣʹ˿ûֵĿ
ܷΪ֣Ȼ鴫
ѰһȦûҵӰȥԷȻү̰ˡ
ȥĸ䣬ǳСŵվǽɪɪųȥˣǰͷʵЩ
űϣϣЦȫķﰡ
Աүôõ£Ƕҳ˻
ôѵϰվͲˣҪȻҪġ
Цϰʱ䰡
ͷ˵еϰʱ䰡㰴ʱôûоڽ˰ɡ˵̯쵽ǰȥ
𵭶Ӱȡһֽϡ
ɴۿСӡǰɣ⽻ˣɽǸֽ̯ɨݣɫʲô
𣺡ҵС˵°ϸ٣벿æˡ
ЦͲѡ̫ıĸִˮӡͷˣ⻹ôˡ
ͷʣүæô
ʲôæҪ̫Ӱɣ
֣ҴүҴүһ¾С
֣Ϊ£йԱַţű˶գ֪ôСլӶˣǮ㻹ûأҸˡҪҸæ붼Ҫ룡
ͷʣǮ׬ô
ڵһ
лҪ˵첻Ŷ
ԡ
ҵո


69 
Լļƻ
˵һ鼮ȫеʱү˫۷Ź⣬˶
ĵģб̫ЩΪ֪ĹԼ䵳ȫ̽¶ν󱻴ɽ飬Ҳܴƽʷ¼ˡ
Ⱳ¾ǺǮȥҵӡˢֿӡ϶ûģֻǡ
ֻķкЩ鷳
ҵٺټҵĹϵҲվֻǸѰգ汻̫ӵˣԺ
⣬µĹǣֱӵⲿԼɱҲԼеһ鼮ӪջȫС
˵ˣǸ׬ΨһǻЩգӻڴɿʱͶˣȻžһŴȣãɽھͻѺ־ݣ
ЦӶǰ׼õĺЭó
Ƴº׵أ
̹ͷЭƵǰȥ
ЦҡͷˣǩֻѺһݸʲôʱܽ壿ʱ䣬Σ
ЦѾдˣѱСóǰϣĿ
½аյ蹦򣬡ҸղҪûӦ㣬òһҰɱ˰ɣ
˰һǰǮ׬ӦͲˡ
ӱ©мڣݵǰĸӽȥһ̧꣬ͷĿж˼ֿӢ¾׳ʿɫ
ֶ㶼дҪˣֽһϵоϵȻСǣǾ̯ϴ˰㲻ϽȥܻҪֶ
𲢲ľҲװûֻҡЭ飬˵ҵʱòģǩ˺ͬˣҪˣǿҪ⸶޶ΥԼġ
Ҳûˣ̲ס̧һ£˵ڿǳͨ͢ҪǩͬΥԼˣҸֹ
ЦζȻңɸǩͬ׷Ұ
ͷǺͬǩԱߣȻдšСҶ֡
˾䣬⻹һҸҶСѾͷƬǩôҪĺͬ
ɫЩǰȣʲôֶΣǮ׬ôã˫Ӯô
˫ӮƨҾǸ˰ɣھȥӡˢˣһȥӡˢֺԺǱǿϻµҽ
лǰϻڡ
źë̺ͷǽǣëдס
һˣ
ûžͳͷ
ԭ˫üֽʳȥӭ𣬿̫Ƚŷ飬շ˸šüȥ
ǰȥϣſͷ۵Сȶǣôˣ
˻Ŀ˵Ƚŷ顱
תͷѾðȥǽǵ棬Цͷһ£Ҳһ죬һǽǣ
ͷ
ЩܣôҲȥߣһƬڵĵطܰȫйٸҹġ
ҡͷȥ
Ҳûǿ˸⣬Сɵ˵Ĵдˣ
Цȥǽǰһù͵ǰСɿɻ⣿
ûд򿪣࣬ҿ㳪
ɴ˴Ҳû١
ʦǰһţȥʦԺá
˵꣬͵͵ȥֹٻǰ΢΢̧ƵĿЦ
ǰ٣̧ͷƬ̣ЩģŲ㵯ٳֲԺϷӡ
ǽòãҳһӣҸһģ
˼һ޳ָһӣġ
Ц̧סָڴףɽ
ǰŸ˳ŵžʳˡ
Ҫ˵ģһҲûеꡣ
Ҳ֪̬𽥲ƵģعѾϴˡ
Ъšüţأ
˵ǿҪȥǽߵĸӣֱǷţҪ
ûϵôһδƽһ𣬴ʱϰûУ޲ܵͷֱ˯ˣҲĵ¡
ȴǾͷ㣬ʣСҽòã


70 
ڶȥ˹С׹ס˽լٸˣֻҰѽӹСȥļƻãתͷȥӡˢȡ
ԭļƻòڵʦֵһæںнԼĸ¶۸̷ʦֵܶȻͬˡ
˴ι䣬¶һΪ̫¼Ҳ¥İˮΪ֮ǰְһѡ
ֻǳϣԭȵھ϶߶Է֯˹ٸѹһ۸ᡣ
ҶӾڰ̯Сʱ򣬿վֽܷǵĹСġ
СһѰյ·ŵߣɫأҶӺͼѵС̯
ҶҲĿӣСЩεջߣٿ
ҶѰʱСֱ̯ǰȥڹСǰι㣿
СҶӷ㶣֪ôش⡣
ҶЦҽСҶ
С
Ҷӵͷǵֺܰ䰡ǰסСļ磬ҸСɸһˣСɸСɾһˣСɾһˣǴһˣ˵ǰɣ
ҶӱȹСһͷסСʱСֻʮַǨҶӽĻС֪λشˣֻЩӲЦ
Ҷظ˵ˣǲʲôˣѾܸҶӽ˵Ұ㡣
СԡҶӽ㡱ƺЩҲûֱӽԼѣܰϵСô
ҶҡͷȻϵģҪͨϵϵġ
СʧҶӵֱ۴ͷ˵ллǣҶӸ߼СǼˣҿ԰ϵСɸĶԽ˵ĶԽ˵ĶԽˣһ·ҹȥС
.
̲ã͢鷿űѾڶǴ˾֪СӣСдű⡶̫ӵĲ·⡶һƪ
С͵͢ϵڣ̶̰ʱ䣬ʮҳֽѾǰǰ˲°ٱˡ
Сɴ˱˵ãü־ͽС˵漰ÿɫ
Ѱնģֻ̫̾Ӵ˼ˣɹ͢ȴм俴ȫǼ̫ı֤ݡ
Щ֤̲֮ǰҲٲ鵽һЩɶǹпʼδ¼ȫò
̫ܸ澰ıǾҧ̫ı͢ãʼδиۣҲ½ۡ
̲ǰõ֤ݸһƬƬɢҶӣⱾС˵ҶƬ֦ɣ˳֦Ѱȥǹ͢ѺӵѾ಻ĸ
С뾰ʲôϵ͢һ
ǸС˵ݺⶼǳ󣬿ɽһ͢ȴԽԽǿҵҪ漰ȫ̫ӵĳ嶯
͢Сᣬֱ߲̾ѽ͸ĲˮԼ侲ܴĽǶȥ˼ӡ
վ̲ſڣŵϱ廨ˣɫ䡣
˶и߲㣬һȺ˶̲ͷ
ֱֽǱԱѺĿڹϸΰ̫¡
ڵһſڹ½ǣһзǳСȴּĿ֣
̫ӵһˡ̣սȣٷ֮塿
ڶſڹ½ǣͬдƵ֣
̫ӵˡ̣սȣٷ֮ʮ
С֣뵽ԼǰλźɫߵСһ֮Ե֪˿̸Цա
һǰһδá
Ƚ˶ȥη̲гڼǿأ˹ģһҪ׽ס
ӦǣѸȥ
ԼĹȥ۷˻Щͷɥ˵Ȼû׽Ƕ˵ˣִ˸廨ˣ˲Ǳˣ̫ҡ
ϣҵĿڹҲдһƵС֣
̫ӵˡ̣սȣٷ֮ʮ塿
ֻǰβͬγ˿ڹһ
Ƭ̣Щŭص˶ȥηȥҹ˴ˡ
ں鷿߶СᷢĹ͢类˵͢
˵֣̲͢סִϽСᷭȷ˱˳ϸⱾСϵ˳ġ
͢ƳΪ֮ǰ
أԭˣ˳ʸġ
͢ͷʣΪҪǰ
ԥƬ̣ŽϵСݵ͢ǰ
͢СͷݣЩŤˡ
ֻдһ仰
˴ˣһ鷿С˵ˣɵ°ɣ
лҪ˵ϦڿѼ


71 
͢Ǽ̼ãЦˣ
ҲʮΣѾڸڶǿˡȻ׽סСɵĿԼΪ㡣
͢ҡͷǿʲôãûдô˼Ҷǽͷ϶ҿˣŵȴٶ˳ȥô죿
͢˵ţǱվȥ
׷ȥҪȥģ
͢Ǳ߾ٹͷȻǸɵ£С˵ˣһ𺰳ʻ
.
С˵ԼĽˣԿܷ¥ȵĽֿ˻
ֻЦû̫ãͿֳƾ߹
⻹ƾͷһġײϽЦݣӭȥʣֳ£
ƾǱ̫ӵĲ·ˤǰϣʣô£
룬Ц˵һΥˣֳݣôֶܿأ
ƾӣֱӵдģӡˢְпӡɲˣ
룬ֳⶼһˣʲô
ͷд治ݣҲ֪ģ
ֺǺǵͷȻ֪ģƾɫãֳֽͣȫܷժɾˣ£Ȼ۵ֵġ
ƾɫˣĬƬ̣˭˵ǵ֣СֵǩԼߣľӦָܷӡУҹȻΥԼƹҾгۣ
ĵȫָ𣬲ں
ǣ죬ýȫûϵֳҪԼ
.
һŵڶæգԤͽܺúýһ鱨ٴαͽܷﴫĴϢ⡣
⼸ѾϰͽڰĻֲֽ̧֣ķõ죬սپȻԾݶȥƾơ
ݼϣ´Ķ˼ȥûͽôÿñԼ磬һ䰴ʱɣ˻ľڰ޵ġ
󲻵òпԼͽʱ֮ǿ
ĳͷڰһӰԺӿ
Ժȥţͷžһһվ̳űߡ
ŵûæջҪŵ̧֣ͷȥϽ񣬺ʦ塱
šһʲô
ҡʦЩ£λҪ
ǰʦæûգ
ʲԡŶһԽͷƳŷһۣô˻æת뿪ȴͷһŵûų齣ǰʦ湫Σգ
ڵžһ½ʵĽؽиƨΣգΣȥʲôãϽ߸Ͻߣ
һãȻֳŷۣŲ鲻Ը뿪ˡ
вµͽͽҲȥݶˣɴ⡣
ֹ˰ʱˬ߳ʦûֱһϥϡ
һ£ֺʦ˻ûȫء
һûȫҿõúܣ
Сȥá
ǱߵϢˣ˵Ӹյϱû˾Ͷˣ֪ҳ߻Ǳݺˣ֮䲻
̫ҽ̫ҽȺ£һ̫ҽԺһ
Цֵ̫Ǹɾ䣬̫ӳסˣɹܽˡ
ͷʣǱˣ
ͦ˳ģ̲ѾжԭôˡС˵ҲܺãԤڸߣͷ̲ԺӦöĿˣغܴܿȥ
ãʼϼƵڶյ
.
쳤ĵõľ̫ӵȫ֤ݶˣδ̫ӵκ©ܾ⵱һ
뵽֮ǰǴ̿͹ۣ̲סǰ׽󳼣ҪȥͿ߹
ףҰ¹ͱ¶Щɺã
쳤ӦԼ£Լһ룬ȷû⣬̹źҲһЩ
ʲ죬﾿ʲôϸ˵˵գ
ʢֶ£ˮȥһЩæ룬Ц˵󳼸ǰ˵ģȫˡ
쳤̧ḧ˸Ů޽ǣ㸸ʹˣԲãЩϸ©˵һ飬һ
ЦݽӲĬƬ̣صףҲǲ̫ˣȥ󳼸븸׽
˵ţֱȴ쳤סˡ
쳤涨Ů˫ֻۣ㽲ҡ


72 
סͣƬ̣۲븸׶ӣֻ˵ҡҼǲˡ
쳤ƽȴݾܾǵö٣˵١
ҡͷʲ󳼸署ĶЩ͢£ҡҵʱվһߣȴڽЩʲôҲҲǲС
쳤׽ס˿ûзɣĬΣ㿴ҵ۾ңǲµģ
Ƭ̧̣ͷ׵ˮ󳼸硣
쳤泤̾ϢһɿŮڰ֣ȥա
Ů뿪ʱıӰ쳤ͷʹѣóǾϵĻû˵ѣµġ
쳤ǲߣڻʵ齱ߣֳɫһãսǿ³Ż
ɼ˰ж壬һ̲иÿٻ㱨ҡ
ŻǸ쳤ʮϽˣ֪ϽŮжమΣԴ˿쳤Ը´ȴδ˵ʲôֻӦˡ
Ż뿪쳤ֺԸȥ̲͢Ѻĵʻ
.
ƫڣϣ飬ɫڡսָǼСἷۺۡ
ղ¸ղҦսսǰ
鵽ѵ𣿡ҧгʡ
Ҧͷ˼ºе֣Щԥ
л˵ڹǰʲôòҴŵģ
ҦŻأ˺еļѵ㡭ţֽܷѽĵĿӡ۹ȥ
ԣžһˤϣȥ²Ѱʲô֮ڸ½ַܷˣ
Ҧپͷ󣬡£ֱܷĹɶЩԹ٣ڹҪʵǲס
ҦΪ̫ӵ½δϵվ嶯İţСɵĶԵµĳԤĻҪࡣ
ȴҪܷ֣ϧһд۸½°ˣ
µ˿ǱģҦͷдĶ֮вж󣬿ȴڳ͢⴫ˣǺκ
ҦȻЩԥδӦ£컹ҪȰֻûü³̫ӵڲȥ͵жְա
Ҧԭİһ·λӵģôЩͷһ̫ӽҪĻֻͷȴٲҶ˵仰Ӧǣȥ
Ҧ뿪ʱЩĵĲĬãͺһ鵶ϼСᣬ£Ͱͬʱжѿ
ͷŵŶæϽ˫յս̫Ӷվߣ˿£ֱ̫ӺסýܽͷһӪͷͶӪָʹ
˵룬Ըʳһ飬˽СɵģһЭı׽ù鰸
.
ֵܷĹڶ´ʮڼ˹ŵķ·˺͹˿ͼۿۡ
ͷ·֪ͨǰֵĲͷֱӳȥ¥˵Ҫ׽÷ײȫԱʻ
ײȫԱȾͷվ⡰Ŷ߰ɡ
վס
ƾƽʼλͷΪҪ׽Ա
ͷĹٱ˵ˣƾͷ¼׷ֿӡӦ쵼ˣײ£ң
ͷ໥ѯƬ̺ͷϿ˷ƾ˵ƾȥ
ֳ
û˸ղ²ؼɢģǰһڷƾٱ֮䡣
ƾǳЦֱ̧ʾο¶ۼؽһС
סعŵѾѺŷƾ뿪ˡ
̯ͷдţסӡˢ ȷСӡС
.
ÿȥ̲ලʱ򣬷̲űѪ¾ס
оѱúԺûҵ͢ӰӣҲ֪ȥ
ĺȥ̲Σͷصı֪
ƹ⿴صӣ·ȥͷη̵ͷĸͷǰһĻסˡ
򡢹͢ڷ࣬Ͻ϶һȻԵõģڴ齫
齫ӱž죬͢ˣ̧ۿԶηŽǿЦ
ӴСˣȱһ
𣺡


73 
ȥδھͱǿȥֵһߣĸΧһҲûпڴӦֱƴ
һ±ƣ˴˸ôɵˣ
͢ƣԼţָ𣬡ˣơҸˣûˡ
Զͷ˾⡰˵ֱһҡͷЦû˵Լơ
𿴿ֿ͢͢еô£˴˽̫ı֤ݳʸү쳤ˣ
͢齫ҪȥָЦСӵЩϵ
ЦЦʣԣǰŽ֤ݳȥͽ˵ˣű㱻Эı˹Ѻ
ͬ͢ʱͷЦúϲ£죬ǣ
ҲЦڹ۽̲ˣֱ̫ϸŽβ¶
ʵڸˣûʲôƣ˾ֱӴȥ̫ˣ
͢ɴһ˫ۿƣ¿𣺡ʲôСӻ᲻ƣϹͰ
Ī͢ĵǿģ
ͼžһ½ԼЦ˵ˣлСɵڣ˴ˡˣԸķ䣬·
ЦЦû˵ʲô¡
ʱ͢Ѿѵֻʣˣλϲ֣ͣʱȻǲ߲Ҳȥװû˵𣬡̲ѾˣͿСˡ
Ź͢ЦŹлλ˵Ķ
͢ڰ֣С˵ɿǿȻҶ̫ӵµ˽⣬ٳµģȻǱĸʧǣԼ¶š
ȻЦЦ͢˲ҵ
ȥǰȥץ͢£Ըķ䣬Ͻ·
ֱֳ̧ۣ͢עʰɺͳ
׳ӵ޻ûȤ˸ǣֱӳȥˡ
ɹֻһˡ
.
رɭˣҪڼ⣬нԱϿȫѲ顣
Ԩ˳±ͷ
£Ԩƿ⿴ȥɫݡ
СĽҪ빬Ա½ˣȻ󹧹뼾³
Ԩ˾䡰ˡϷĳҪ빬ȵүλʱҲδ˸ڸԱ빬ҪδţСָ֮ܺʹ˵Ȼ
ԨԪϣҲҪֻС̫ӵ̧֣ͷλϴˡ
Ԩһ˭СӵĵӣϷĳҲǶÿϷȥѵСȥ
ͷȴ˸ҷżԨȥ
ǵģ̫ӵȷ˵ˣۺˣҲѲŽֵصȫԱְ
ǾپλףҲȻҸԼķȥཀྵãʼûзżԨȥԨҪ̫ӵݻҪҲһܾˡ
ԨɫףһѮͷӣʲô빬ʲôɱ̫ӻǴɱʵۣ
ǴͷԨƢͷѰſյͣˣСǷѲġǱа
ǱʲôܲϷۣ
ȻǡǺСҲ˵
Ԩ빬ֱȥĵ쳤棬ֻһϸ񶼳ǶҵӣһСɵǱС˵
̬ȣԨȻ̫ҪѲľʲôһؿڣ޺˾䣺ϣ
Ԩڹ˱Ÿһתͷؼȥ
ԴϢ˵ͻȾ޷˽һµ糯ԨͬźͲµ˼ӣֶҪĵ쳤ˣĵҪȴǱһϡ
ŶҵģԨȻǲµ£쳤Ҳö˵ʲô
ֱֱܷϢүӶȥѰԭ򣬿СɵǱ̫ӵĲ·òԼ鷿ʹȥдżæŸԤҪĵ쳤档
ˣԨڳϣʼϼԼĲɣ⵹̫ӱٲס
Ѱ˼ţٿɲͣԨߵ˦ַŹñͷ˺զզġ
Ԩ˵ţȥͷСģĪҪ
Ԩԭֻ빬ûϵһŵɫɷףջ֣ߣٲҿŰ֡
ͷһ󼱴ٵɱԼļĺȥȻİ
Ԩ޺ޱۣĵϷΪһӣҪ׽·ˡ
һյ蹦ȥͷЪһȵӳ⴫ˣѾˣ뼾񾡿뿪
Ԩ󣬻ǻ˳ȥͿǰվŸڶɫߵˣűߺİʹӻ
ǣ
СɣӼ빬ĵү쳤档
лҪ˵ʮճ~


74 
Ԩôʮ꣬ʵ֪ۡٻӣʲôûûϵٵˣܸôһ
˵Ҫĵ쳤棬ԨΪ²׼ܣҲǲнȥģԴڱϷ߱ڵʱ˶µġ
ֱǽŽ·ɳ۶ߣԨŽʼ|ࡣϷϹͷɾСôҪϷɢܿ
ٶ˿Хƫͷ弾ԨȻЦЦ鷳ټһᣬϵˡ
Ԩȥ쳤ǰǿվȵʱԭڹͷܵ·ŭ𣬱㱻빬ķʽˣһʰ
쳤ֱԼǰ̫ôֿԨ𣬡ôģ
Ԩ쳤ԼϹͷη߱ڵģֻһ䶵ó۸СɵСᣬֱžһ³쳤Ĺȥ
ۼӲǴ쳤ͷϣһ죬ȥʱ쳤סˣԨд
Ԩ󿴿ҿûҵߣҲûҵֵĹߣŤͷ
Ƭ̣ӼϵпǰεӰӣϽ罣ݹȥ
ԨҲԼõʲô״˾У̧罣ֱӳ쳤汳ùȥ
쳤湭űͷԨʺֳҲҪŵԪϣȻǲһҲһڣ·ص˶ʱѵӣֻһԲ
Ԩˣ罣ֱȵڵϳס崭Ϸ鼸ʮ꣬˵䲻ҪƤĻҲˣľͽ̳ôͿ
Ԩ˵ţһָָ򱳺𣬡ôɲСöĻˮϴԣԵֳǷݼگôگõģ㰡㰡
쳤ͺ˵ʲôԨһ½ȥ
㲻ҪϷϷûѧֱϷĵһ۵㣡
Ԩһ˳ʧҲ࿴һ۵ģ˿̻Ը쳤棬ѧоȡ
һ쳤ġ
ʵϼԨѰ֮ǰ쳤¼ѾиģжˣֻɲȫǸĺĽۡ
ʦѵֻ̬ȳϿҵϴ˵ԼһúðۺСῴˡ
Ԩˣҡͷ˵Ϸֻ˵һƪģʣµļƪԼѰȥúöһĪҪ⹬ۣҪ߳ȥúÿ
ϷˣԾִԲϷǹٹٲ̤ⶼǰ벽˵תȥ
쳤濴żԨӰŸ
ԨͷҲصءԼͿѧĳСС߻ȥͷɢСһ´
.
ǰСʵĴѰȥڣǰ£˵Լûбү
Ҳûйֹȥ
С֪ġ
ĹһҪǣнһʦ̳ѧڽ϶ǽеŵ
СôЩĿ꣬һǱүһù
ԼСֱ˱ߵؼ͸ǰΪͽ
һϲϷ֪£ҲٶԱСլдˣվԺСŹС׷ƵճģЦüۡ
ĹŵӣҲĵӣΪ˱סԼҧ˲չС
ɼŹСǸϰĺӣЩڹСÿʦյʱ򣬱һͽǲͽģԼĹزԼˡÿҿסɽͷеúܣʵеûž͹Сֿ۰ɡ
С⻰ֱ˰ʦźţֱӹͷŵһԲˤŽȥˡ
ͷ칢Сʱȥ
С·ĴţӲ֪ԭ÷ѧüΪġ
ŬͽҲǼΪοż̲ס³ȥָ̧ϵĴ©֮
ֻ³ָʱżƳһԸˣյƣ;ʮͷΪ˷ֹԼιȥ֮󶼾ƲҪȥƳԱǸСӰ
䴦ˣҲգȻ˫ŵѧģǰҪȥ
δͳȥ˫ֱٿһ˫ϼƸסˡ
֪ʱ󣬽ǰͷһĴ࣬Щ
˫յƣһȥʱЮһ΢磬ԶС½ǣö˶Ťͷ
Ϸ̣֣ûѣСأ֡
̹أʲôʦСҽ㰡ұ֤ʦ̵úá
ӣپؿڶµŹС쳯Ժȥߣȥɣʵ̫ˡ
ԶŤͷŵһ£ҽɣȥۿ̫ô·


75 
ڶֱ߷쳤Żø顣
쳤洫˻˵ѡһǩ飬з֮λȥĵǸ翹쳤űȡ׼
ϲʣһ˿Ѫɫ˫Ұףֽסѡ
žһ죬ֱѿƬġָ죬ѪˮȾ顣
ǰҪΪ̫ҽ˿ڡ

ֱӽȾѪƬϣǳ⣬¹
̫ӵ´һºͣ۸ߵ͹֮ˣǫԴҲڶ൳Ϊĸڡ
һڹͷμĿ̫ӣŵûֽţ׳ȥ
յĴֻһ˶ڵϣԼĴϢʣѪˮĳ졣
һ˫СֽѪ£ǰѪˣС
󳼸磬ȥĵҸװɣ˫ѱˮģˣ˵ʱŨؿǻʲĶµģһ׽ϣ籣ס֮λ
һ˫ް޹ۿ壬ĻûаֶݣЦΪ㽫ܱסҵĴ֮λô壬ĪҪ棬˿̱㸸ǰҲŹҡ
һҧأ壬ں
屻İëȻ̫ŵ¶Է֣󳼸磬㡭ϲô
ԼϵıѪˮȾӲǰӡδ
궼˳ȥҡͷ˺벽Ŀ۵̧׽ס½ȴȻѰԼĺ
ۿҡŵС۵ûаУ쳤֮ŮҶȻ࿴һۡ
ΪΡ
ڵϣıȥˣʧǡ
Ҧӵ粽״ͣſڣ֪òǰ
վֱƹ壬ҦйΪλõǱģ
̬չֵزҦ룬̫ӵѾʮ
̫ͼѹ䴫ǱС˵ʱѾעʧճˡ
ⳡģдһ̽䡣
̫Ӳ˷Էܷ֣̲ͰԺȫԱ˽СɵģǽԼĿ־ʾǰ
ҦǸˣ󣬲гһճƵֻۣϣԼ֮ˣ԰˳졣
£ҦһҾֽסֹСǱڹﴫȴȻ޷ֹԭ֮ӿ¥ϷԺߣСɵ˸ıףղ෹۵ģҲ̫Ӻʱϲ·
򣬷Ϊͳ۵ѹֹʡ
Ҧ۵޲᲻֪Ǻξ棬ǲİˡ
Ҧ̾Ϣţʵ£ɽڲûգʱְɣѰһ̣͵ҹ붼ǣµʱɽ³ȫһƬġ
Цҡͷ߿ܣ»ȥδ
£˶޹֮
Ҧ£ͨһǰͷڵϿĵ죬ﺰš¡
⹬˽Ĵ𣬵Ŵ󿪣ǧƺƵΧ
쳤ͷ붫
ѵصľ˽ԼΧваɫ
ֻڿ쳤ŵӰʱԭƿݾڸֳ˼飬ǿֻš߷ߡŲʡ
ˣˡ
´˿̱쳤һȡͷ­Ҳں
Ըģø翴ԼǱģ
ø翴ӡ
žԸʱǰſ˫ۻסףŹ󳼸硣
廰δ䣬ٿȻһĵͷ
Բˮһ˫ۣתͷٵ֮ˣ˫󳼸硭
Ҳһֱֻۣ쳤棬Ź³
쳤ŭĿ̧ҧ޵ɢر尲ȫ
쳤һ£ʿδü֣罣Ȼʣ̴ĵѱС
罣е࣬𶨶ɣ̫ӵ¡
˰ΣЦµΪҪѡ̿ͣ
󳼡
һʵתͷĿϸ翴Լһ˫ۡ
ƽͷһΣڸУ˶Լͬ顣
ҲҪģǸͬ顣
ǰһ࣬󳼣ְɡ

ͷЦЦٿȻ̧֣ס罣УԼͻͻѪ
ٶ޵Уȴδϵԭ̰̫ӵ»ѡ˿أսΪʱ
󳼡
ߺǰȥ§סܵܣ̧סܵܲͽҪֹסӿѪ
ڸ绳̧ҪգվδԸֱ۶Ȼ¡
ǳЦ¶С
磬Բ𡭡
ڣһƬžֻ˺ѷεĿ޺
.
쳤Ů̫صڶƫһ飬̫ƭʥϣҩ֮ϡ
Դˣ쳤һ˫ŮΪΡʹƷ
Ͻţפڱ¶ϣδ̤붼ǰ벽
лҪ˵Сɸ˳ܾ
(ʵһͦϲС̬ġȻָֻѽǰȡ


76 ֣
ٸƫڣϣǰϰűСɵС˵һձʣһְűڵĲӣڸס
̫һ·˵Ц߽
ĸ
üЦ̫ܵߣһ˼ȥ
̫Цֱõ磬СǺأ
ȥ鷿Ҹʡ
̫Ȼͷޣֳȥˣ
š
.
顪
鷿ڣһ죬ʵ۽ˤ
鷿Ǳضͻʵ۳ܵģѧǲˤ̫߳ˡ
ö֮˾飬һС̫鷿סˣѲ̡īʼܾɽʵˤģˮһֻݵȳ̶ȣЩôյ裬ֽ̨̨һ˵ߴΪӪһʺϳܵ˳
ǲؽ˳ƷԼϣհѸӸǺˡ
͡ʹ½糯ıжڣĿã²Ϊ͡ʹС¸˾ˣҷʲôƢأ
ʵһǰѹʱӲͿСӵĵԼ⹷ƨľ֡
ʱԼ͡ʹڰڽ̫ԭڳе㲻¡
Ըķ䰡䲻ɣ
ѧڰǵɵӣ볯ˤˡ
ѧǳ嶯ѹȥֽǿ͡ףԼ縺֮𡣡
ҡͷ͡ʹŸʮѾպسɴֻҪ¿Ϸ³ɼҪСµĳʣ͡ʹǲ񴢾֮λʵѡ
ѧúҡͷ
æִ̧ϻʵۣǸСҰѽɽ꣬ܰĽɽûˡ
ˣѧžһ½ֱ߲𣬡˵Լ˵ģ޵ĳӣǷޱֲУ
ֽ̧ȽסؾذڰϲԱߣҲ˴֪ĪαˣִҪ֮λǾΪһ˽ԽյĲˡ
δ䣬ѧֱӽʢĵĴ̳
󵨣ŲţھͿԴ
ǰһǴ̽סͷĵĻɢ˴뵽ϣС̫ǰɢĵļȥ
𽫰̵ķڲϣתͷʵЦҪԴĻ˵һˣˡ
ѧֿһͼȷ˵̰Щ˼Ҳ̫㣿޻گΪк󣬸ͼʢ

ȷԼǲ˸ЦһʱЩ¡
ѧӳͣкگһ޻ٸگڳнڵȨ
ҿЦˡŻŰ˫֣ҪôگҾ͸졢ơ
žһ졣
ѧֱӽ𣬡˶˴治Ļҽڣ
ǰҸС̿к󣬻ҼگּȲֻƵİˣ˵治Ļ
ѧסؿڿæǰȥ˳̧ƿˣ޼㣬ĳŵ㲻֪ô
𹧾ѧ࣬ȻЦЦ£СûǸ볯ãСҲԸ뱲Ӿ⹬Сľֻȥϱ߹ңѰյ
ѧָ̧֣𣬲סҡͷСӣ޵ĶӾܣ
ѧ񣬡ǣ
ѧԼ棬һͷ޴δ޳֮ˣ
תȥͷϣģȻ¿ѧټˡ
ѧоپʮܿ˿ԼܶĶˣûٳˣ
ʱǰȥѧ£ȥͷɣСĸѶ°ںˣǱ߼Ҿˡ
ѧӱһһƽĿԼȥͷˡ
űڷŵЩѧȴû˼˵¡
ٿģ̾ϢҡͷóĬŰϰŵļĵס
ǰγܵʱ鷿ʵۿġ
ѧ׵ĴӲ֪һ棬һСɵӡ
£ҪʲôҪ˭İŶԽʵ˭𣿡
ΨһŲµģֻԼ
鷿ٴš
𾲾ڻʵ࣬ڡ
̫ɽⰵʵ۷̧֣ףɳƶƽڣա
𳯻ʵ۹˸ͷл¡
.
ɫˣ̫Ъ£һͷ鷿ȥ
Ҫ׸꣬ӣԺ¼Ҳ¥ɣĪҪٸˣӡˢֶСɵ׬ˣܲһҶ󡣡
̧ͷЦЦ˵á

ס߾ٹͷת˼Ȧ
Ȧס𲱾Цüۣ£
ãȻͷסͷЦ˵ճȥ󣡡
лҪ˵СɺĹ¾~
Сһûд20wT_T
ҷڸڣǾͲûǮ
ĻСɸճx͢cpxƾcp󳼵Ĳ֮·
ⲹӤ
ллҵСʹһ·ָ֧Ӵ~~
ĺ˵һľ߹л~~
±򡷣Ҳ֧߹
鷳ǰҵղذ
ˡ
ɵڹ X к
Mԭ򣬻ڿҵά޹
ʱܰ䲢ݻǵըϰ߱Ҳѧ˿ԼĿ⣬˫Լرġ
ֱһ죬M·߼ֻСؼҡ
-
һǼعǰ
ϲ۹ķϳǣֻսپ
һλ¼Уˣĳλķĵ·ǿмؼҡ
 X CRISPR
ǿǿˬ