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л2022-03-18 182558-2022-03-19 172844ڼΪͶƱӪҺСʹŶ
лͶ׵Сʹݱ 2
лӪҺСʹݱ 81ƿ
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ


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С۰Ͱ͵ĵԼˣһֱſԼ˻һɲçײ˵ɣĻˡ
ԼסɣûҪαװϵ˿һֱûϣȥ˿ڸ˺ѣɫѪȾ˴Ķǡ
ֻǿ춼۵òУҪǰȴɣܿˣķԸҪϢЩûбҪҪš
һ·ߵԺĳһͷӵףҲû졣
ʱҶBϸǺõıһãȻȫͲǵԼǺɵ˯µģֻǵԼһֱڵӡ
ԭǽȫ̺֮ϢģߵǰһʣһСĹûɣԼô˯أ
ֵǣհ̫ɷѾķ˴һЩķѵָˣҾھҲ˳ࡣ
ҲֻһˣҶB˽緹Ū̵ֿʼ
ⲻƳǽϵһһͼ
ٶǰĻʦΪ漣ͼϰÿÿûϵİ·һ
رǻϵ֣Ǹʦʶ
鲻ᣬ֪Ͷ
֪ѵãһ֪ʲôϵأ
ֻ֪֪Ϊξ뵽˹Ѱеɣ顣
ղʶԷǸѲ֮ˣȫ²뷨ƫƫ־Բһİˡ
գǹ⽫е飬޷ǾһŵĽҪǺԼˡ
һӿ̺ãҶBһһŵĽӼһСķŵ
һŰŵһֵζŴսϸţһɵ㣬Ʋֲǲ㡣
ֹϣԼĴƺҲɵ㡣
ֻһطŵѰ
л˵
ע鲻ᣬ֪Ͷġԡл2022-03-19 172844-2022-03-20 143726ڼΪͶƱӪҺСʹŶ
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ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ


5 
ϸƺζֻǵһγԼķڣֻԼȥ˹Ѱ֮ע⵽ζ
ϢʱܵܵʱŨصԼ
ΪʲôѰĵԼڣ
ҶBԼڿһȦַûȼ㣬Ҳûйңûڷȼϰߡ
ɻҶB̺õװãĹѰȥ
ǵܽӿƫƧĽ䣬ɣ鲢ϲ֣ҶBûнͯϣͺһһˡ
ѰǰŴţֻſڹһӪҵӣ߹ĿˣӪҵ
յľҶBپʲôֵĵطȻƿӵĴš
ֻſϰϵСֽˣҶBС̾ͿдŲӭ
ҶBҲͷԣ֪ԼʲôطС
зŵϣѾ̺ãصڣ»δл
̧ͷƳһУΪ˶š͵СšͿҪšһţûĳҶBҼ˲㣬£˿ˡ
ֱ߲ͣӾͺԥͿͣһͲ̾ͰҶBϳȥ
ҶBԺķ޶Լǻһǵˡ
֪ΪһĨʧ֮С
Ҫ뿪֮ʣԺһһɫ۵ӰҲ֮𣺡˭̵ͣ裿
ɣԺϻһ㱡ˮƺǸոԡ
ҶBдЦ⣬СѾͷҹ̲ܽϣСӼ¡
֣ҶBѾϲ⣬ﻹղŵһС⡣
ҶB̾ϲҪл̫ӵµþȣõĶˣ¶ʥϣ
ˣɣ̴סûбҪҿɲݣҲôģСӴԵѾȥ
˿ûаѵ·֮Ĺϵһ򵥡
ߵǰÿһߵúͥŲʵ붯̫ǣԼ˿ڣжֻΪ˲ҶBԼˡ
УϸϸͼԵСӣ⣺Сӵգ챦Ҳ
֪ΪΣɣô˵ʱҶBһ˿ֵĸо˵
Ҫǻ˵Ǿ仰ҶBֻڵ٩˵һܱȵһǣһ
ƫƫǳɣ֮ڣӵĶͬ䱦һǸģ˵Сӵõһǹһġ
벻һ챦򶯲˵ˣΪζԶһӣ
Ȼӣɣ콫̸ڳҶBСӲż¶һ֡
ɣ鶼ѾˣҶBȻȴ֮
ȻڶģҶB˼ûз֮䣬ע⵽ĵ㡣
µÿһҶB֪ԼôµģǵͷԼӮһӡ
һӡ
һҶBòɣǹ壬һӣǹӮ壿
ŵһӷŻУɣҪɣСΪΪҪã
⵹ҶBһӸҭסˣһʱ䲻֪ôش
ɣ̧ۿһҶBƺʣСƺлҪ˵ǹǵ飬㲻˵ҲлСӻǣֻǽװˡ
ҶBҡҡͷҪǵ飬Ϳˣɣ鲢ԸǣУҶBûд˵
һԵƮ̵¯еĵ㣬Լڴǰĵ㣬Ǵģ̽ʵȼζأҶĳϲҲһЩȥ
ҶBôʣ̾ͲķҼԼõģ
ҶBΪѵĿɣ飬û뵽˵˻
죬񣡡ɣĵһۡ
һۣоԼ˲ˣ̾Ӳٳ
عͷʱɣֱҶBΪ٣Ȼ嵭ײȴãֻҪմȾղɢ
˵ϣֺ֮нҶBδ˵ڵɻ
ҶBѰҲͬλϣ¯Ʈɢ̣һմһЩٵƺҲʵ
Լʲôû˵ɣȴڲشеɻ
Ȼعʱ򣬿ɣԴ֪ʲôֻɣȻԼõ㲻٣СϲĻԴһЩȥ
δҶBзӦɣѾͷԸ죬ȥҶӡ
˵дŲ˵ܵԺķҶBҶBԵĻֻҪҧ
һҶB̲סе궯˫ĿƶɣʣΪʲô
л˵
л2022-03-20 143726-2022-03-21 183226ڼΪͶƱӪҺСʹŶ
лͶ׵Сʹ52895603 1
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ


6 
ʲôΪʲôɣ鷴ʣƲףֺʲô
ҶBüģ֣ʣɽϿʼҾɻҲڿһİˣⰲţǳʶȴ˽⣬̤Ѱ֪ΪǶҲ֪Ҷһ𣿡
ֻˣɣ赭дӦһ֪˵ЩֻС£˵ʵصĸࡣ
ֻЦŵɽħȷʵ⣬ħǰΪҰ˻Ƥۣ޶ħҪСӣСӿǵһ˵ұµˣֻбңС⣬ȻҲҪ⡣
ҶBҪǳ鴤һƤѣ˵ɣԼħʱֻҲҪħϵһƤȴ˵ɡ
ȻܹߣطǷˣôǵҲɺϡ
ҶBͶɣ飬۾Ҳգһ£֪ɣ黹лû˵ꡣ
ɣ鵭һڲ裬ĿƵҶBָСָָڻĴָк룬һǳÿ̵ʱµģҪ֪СӶ񣬲¡
ǡɣͣһ˵ڳžͿСӱСүߣ붼̫ӣʵС֮ǰΪǡ
˵С⣬ҲСӾ⣬ɻ⣿ɣüһӭҶBĿ⣬һϣ͸һ˵аȡ
øɾ䣬ȻһѪ룬ƽһұ֮С
ԭˣԼȻ󣬼Ҳ
һʱҶBȻʧ
콫װĽóûҶBǰһûĵˣҼˣҼ˺ÿҲǸ㿴ġ
ʶԼʧ֮ҶBջԼĿ⣬εĸɿһʧˣĪҪ֡
Ȼɣ鵭κȹˣֹĴɻҲڿɽСйǣ
ղԼôʧҶBҲףٶ룬æҾҶĳңȴӲ¼ɣҶĳܲƽѵã
ɣȴһü˭˵Ҳƽˣ
ʱҶBһɣŽЦݣɻΣ
ΣɣԴź˼һȻüЦҵӹģƽҲûʲôҶģСӵÿʱƣ˿ɺã
ֻǺܼһ£Ӧ֮ҶBоƺԼ֮˵ӡ
ڹʲôطȴ˵ֻա
ҶB֮ɣ鷽סһֱʹ˿ڣƺõÿ죬ֻһҹղԼæӳһֽδϵ˿ڳ
һɫΣûҶB·ѪգѪζ
δôͳˣ컯СɣϣССԴġ
ɣŻһ´ΣҶС㲻֪ͣ𣿡
ΪʲôС̧ͷѪ۾ɻɣ飬˸ǣˣˣǲϲ
ɣͷû͵ǳЦƽĮʲôҲûС
ĮǼˣôպ㲻ٸˡ
ˣצӰɣ·Ѫ۾ˮ˲Įˡ
ɣ꣬ǳһֱߣ֪Լ˴Ц˵ҪԼˣǾһǲҪˣС̾ͻ
ɣûκһҪµ˼ȻûкİǿԼСצӣеĮ֮⣬Сľս
ˣ첻ˣһúҲˡСļˣлᣬʪѩ׵ë
ᷳ˿ֻˣɣ˿ڣȻҪǵҪ
šСﻹҲ̾һͷ
ɣ黺Ҳκ֣Ψһǣҡ
ҲΨһ
СһãȻǻعԼҵѾһͷ˳
ص֮ҶBȼ㣬Ҫ̽ѰһЩԼһֱѰҵĶҹٵĵ˯
εֵΣڽһд֣дЩʲôƺôҲд̵֡
Ҳ֪Щãдá
ֵУƺҲٵĵ㡣


7 
֪ǷܵƵӰ죬ܾеζʵ
ɽ꣬붼ҶB˲࣬ԺӦɣҪֻҪ˿գÿնѰȥһ
ദ֮²ŷ֣ΪѲҲ²͸ˣʵֻһĪż仹ǻ¶ͺһĵƤһ档
ÿʱҶBܻ᲻Ծ뵽Ǹǲúϰֵĺӡ
붼СµˮȻˮϷʳȴһû꣬ʳǰʧΪ˰ʳ֮ңּҶǰʳ֡
֮±ħŻңҶBҲҪһͬȥ
֪ΪɣҲһͬУв֪ôڡ
ûе˵ڣֻɣٴοв£ʵСӲ£ǷҪصɽˣ
һΣɣֻһӣҶBӷŻУεʲô飬ÿһӣǷ̫ԣ
ɣ̯̯֣ÿɷ񣺡ôСӵָһ
ϸ̣ҶB޷˵ɣ龿һ
Ҫôɣ˵ûӣҪôվտͿκ
ҪӮףҪúǲѡ
ΪڹʱҪ֪ôӮ
ȻҲһҶB֮գεԶҲ˵飬ȷʵ£ҾҪֳͬǰʳ֣һͬǰ
ǺɣܾҶB̽͵ҪæֻǵҪͬУԵɢģһ·Ҿۡ
ɣûаҪܾ˼ƺܸˣЦкѣСһͬǰȥˣʳң˵ܿСӽħȤ
飡ҶB̰һֻЦ鲻Ƿˣ伲࣬ȫغ֮ܽΪЦ
㡭ɣһʧͷૣ棬ۺʱԶںǡ
ɣ۵׾֮⣬Ըἰһʡ
ˡҡͷһӽӶ붼ҲȤúܣһ⣬͵ɢˡ
δ뵽ɣô׾ʹӦˣҶBϲ⣬ϾͻȥţĵòС
һʳǶû꣬ʳׯڿգһ˵ʳǿľǱ𣬰վ޶оΪɺѵء
ֱ̹֮֮
ʳǵĴʷˣĴСҶɺҶB˴ʳһΪ֣Ϊ̽ס
ɽж꣬ѾܾûмԼĳˣһμ滹Ҷɺ֮ʱһξʱȥˣҶɺĺӳҲûм
ǰʳһƬ٣ʳǴʷص֮£ʳǰյ԰ҵǸʱһƬٲʢ
ϧ֮Ϊ֮꣬վ޷֣ûˮԴȥһ¡
ŵʳǣҶϾҪȥ
ȫʳ񣬶棬ĶѾһСıȥˣʳǵĶ޴ĸ棬ʳ޹鴦
ÿÿȳرʹѣǵѾһûˣֵʳҲҪˣֻʳҪҡ
Ҷϴ˳͢Ҳֻܽȼü֮ǻ꣬޷ûˮԴ֪жٰҪѡ
ʳǾϺʵϲԶٺ֮ͨǲȱˮԴˮģֵľǼһҹ֮䣬ʳΧĺˮɺԣԺʳǱ㲻ٽһˮ
ʳõˮԶԱݸˮǧʳǺƱһ㡣
ɺΣȻҶBаңϾа֮ҴûͣЪǰʱǣаƵֻҪļ
ҶBʳһȦҲûиоκħصĵطħҵĺûᣬȻȫûκĵط
Ȼʳǵİ꣬˵Ĺ졣
ʳһȦǿʳÿÿڹܹ꣬ʳǵİգ飬Ҳˡ
ʳǵָ漱ؽеʳ֣ʷԵʳҲֻһЩ̲ˣҲֻˣزó˼زˡ
֮»ܳԵѾǲˣԼԵһЩҲðܶһʳ
俴ʷҲ뵽ʳǰϣʳǻǸɺҶϾ;кܲζȻٳٲʳ꣬αػҪ


8 Ϻ
ҶϾսɳ֮˵ҲŹνĿʲô
ʱҶɺҶϣҪᣬҶϲԡ
ʱزŽ͵ҹҲֻΪꡣ
ʳŷڶʮǰʳԱѾ˽ͨ±ֺӰ;Ѿȥ´Ѿ֮ǰѾ߾ѾС
ѾڴһӣһֱڵԱǳٳҲȲ
ʱСѾߴźӵԱ⣬ԱȴĸӶˣΪ˲¶ȥԱƭĸӶ˵ϺߣҪããС
쿪ۣںᣬĸŮ˴ӺоȻذߣҲһųԱںС
Ժ㴫ʳǣʳǰն֪ǼҼһ
ǸĺӾڵʳǴʷأۼ˵
ƽߣ
һĻŻὫӺҲһһܹ飬ʳǰա
Ϊγٳٲ꣬вѵԭ
ܹ£ǳٳûн꣬˼ջҪԾȡ
ҶϺسҹ֣Ҫܹٵ޽ˮݸˮԴܹ۵ʳûˮԴʳǵİո޷ɹѹء
ڶһ磬ҶɺҶBɣ鵽ꡣ
ɣ鲻鲻ԸǻǱһȥ
ϰɣޱӣҶBܴޱ项￴̬ʱһûκα飬вһٸԸ
ߵſڵʱҶBͣ½ŲĲϲݷİʽȵȣǺܿܳ
ɣ̧ͷңоЩΣǻ̧˽ȥ
У϶Ƕ˻ƽģׯ䣬ɣ鿴˿оǵĮҶBȥóʱɣһѽס㲻ذݣ
˵ű㽫ҶB˴ҶBһʵôˣ˸˼㣬֮ʾη
˼ҡɣһʱӦȻ˲ָԭε㲻ذݣκλ㶼ðݡ
ҶBоɣıе㲻̫Ȼ˼һ֮ЦãݾͲݣ֪ĻΪղҪãס
һʱɣԶԣʱĴ֮·˺Ķ˷ܵĳ֣ˣ
Ӧ߹ȥһֻ֮±һˡӱʱ仹̣һڵòᣬĿ죬Ѿ˼
ô£Ϊλ˱ڴ˴
ҶB״Ҫ֮˸⿪ȴû֮
ƣӦϵˡ
ϱʩѰǿ±ôˣڵڻû˷֡
ҶBҪնֹ̿λСӣ㻹ĪҪˣС
ϧҶBûаѻȥɽնϣ˸ˮʣɺιʱУ
ʱȫͲȥһ£ұ˾٣Ϻʳǽ꣬ûͱС̫ӸˣϺǳĲ
ôãְԪжЩ߷߲ղ֮˵ˮ֮ȫƽòˡ
˵ǹʳǽһ£ҶB׷ʣ꣡ټȻΪ˽һ£ΪλڣѲϽ𣿡
ûְ̾ͿʼйеĲһǰʳǰղ֪ιʴŭϺϺٸʳǽ꣬ǲ֮мܻ
ƫƫĺ֮ΨϺǲãٶҵϺȰ˵ֲܲܣͰշõСٸûͱС̫Ӹ
ʳǰմôҲ벻һĴ󺵣Դÿվع
ҶBüĽΪ꣬ôʦҲܲ꣬ΪʦҲԹۣ
£ְЦˣǲ֪Ϻûʦĸĵؽ粼꣬ǽŷȴҲһЩ£֮꣬Ҳ޿κΡ
ְŵĴһһֻɣãƵȻϺԣײУϺٲ±𣿡
һѣְֻëȻһʱ߿ȻϺڴ֮У͸¶ƺҲ̫ˡ
ڳְҪʱҶBһסְǳʣٿɷҵϺ


9 
ɣһһֲԤУ̾סҶBʣʲô
ְֻ嶯úЦЦ㻹Ϻ˵ʹҷ꣬ϺûмٲȥϺҲһܼҪǼС̫˵ͻһ
̸ְϺ᲻ļԴšġ
ųְϺԹأɣ鵹ȤһӽҪ뿪ĳְ£ٶȤҲ˵˵ˣܰϺ
ְʿˮĿİͰ͵ǡһ
˵ҪŵĨˣȻȴɣ׾ٵק˻ֱɣקţԼһپȻôҲˡ
ؼǣϣûиоκĲͺûʹκηҲûϸоκѰߵϢûܹо
ôֻһѰķˡ
˿ǫٶ˼һˣȻҪһµ֮꣬һ
ǫ͡Ŀⶢţְֻñ
ֻҶB˳һЩְʶҶBͷ۵ϺȥˣҲˣҲֻǷûҪô飬һȥϱһ˵а취Բԣ
ϧǸ˳۵ģƫƫִŵһֻҶBҡҡͷĵЦȻϺǾͰæ˼أͲ֮
ְǳˣڵϵֻ˾С٣ʮԴš
ΪְֹѾεıʾļɵҶBʮֲʵϺҲ磬ܲܲɣȻŶԣΪ˺£
ְ̧ͷҶBȻǽûۼ츲أҲ̸֮ɫ䣬˵ǧͣ˺ܶࡣ
ǡְɫһ䣬ǰһɾһɸеһŭ֮£ԴšҲɢһ˸Ϊͷ
ʱ򣬳ְֻԶԶĿһĻûиҿУֻһӰοС
ʱžֵķǸ׽µķˣξͼǸӰмơ
ְܿ͸ϽԼԴֿ»뷨ȥ
ô뵽ǸɱأҪĳˣԼղ˵ôôôбӦʬ޴Ŷԡ
ôοԼ֮󣬳ְŰ˲١
ʱְɥԣǲҪǻ㿴ұô죬û˸֣Ҳ뿪ɡ
ҶBҲϺĲǣƺûʲôԡ
ΪֶѵİգҶBʵ޷ԹְۣѵĿ˼գʧ𣿡
յĲ״ΪɺʳиɺԵأְûмΪγȰڿУҲŬˣ㡣
ʱɣסҶBȰٹˣֻǷˣ񶼲꣬ѾˣȻԭпܾŭŻ˽ѡ
УҶBɲģʲôûʲô˽ʲôˡ
İգԼĽҲĹҶBֻĻŭա
ʳǵİôʹһû꣬ǻһÿ㣬֪һĹʳǸɺǵижô
˹ȴԹۿſʳǰΪѣûʳûˮԴΪһڳʳҲ޼ҿɹ飬Щð𣿡
ŭ޷ѹƣҶBֱӳڣǰ̨¯򷭣ǰİһ׷Ҫǰȫƿˡ
Ҷɺ״ǰţҶBǰǳʲôֵĵط
ҶɺţҶBûֱӶ֣ǳ߳͸ñӻգ飬Ƿŭ
˵Ҫ֣ҶɺҪȴסΣֽеܿĶȫˡ
쿴Щӿ죬ǵĿԼˣˣĲܹ𣿡
ܡɣҡеȣϷһҶBҪǰŵĳְ˻ôҲȥһ
ʲôңְֱᣬҵƽ鼸䣬Ứ˼ҵȼƽϣҪٲƽôܰ


10 

ǸְһٸӣҲ򲻸ⷽȥ롣
ˣڳְֻҸطǰԼˣʡñšϲӣ˵ӲңǸѾڳְԺл֮ȥˡ
춼ֱӴе龰ֻɣȤĿţһȺȴסҴˣôȥ񲻺Ц
ۿԼסһҪҶBҶɺɴϣŵһ¿Ϸɣϡ
ɣһѣҲ˵᲻Ĵŭǰеοڣôңֳµġ
𣿡ɣûаҪס˼ЦСҪο壬Ĵ澴Ҳ֡
ʱ䣬ŴڱòˣСһ㣬ɣߵڿǱ
ǲŸո̤ڣӵҳһ¯ɣ޷¯صҵϣ˿δϵĵط
߹ǵĵط˿ڻûȫϣͻȻ䱻һ¯ҵɣʶ˿ڽü
쳣鱻ҶBע⵽ˣ׼ҳȥңɣеˣʱ
ҶBҳ¯ʱȻһЩҵϻۣǾܻʹ˲ɫ԰ףַӦֻһͣˣ˵òᡣ
ЩǼ춼һ飬ȻȻȫûע⵽ɣϵƣҶBԼʧְȻ֮ˡ
ҶBҪǰ鿴ƵʱɣܿˣȻûʲô£ˣ鷳
ֻŵСϻţһ˲ʹıҶB֪˵òᣬεǸҲãȥˡ
Ȼɣȫں̧ۿһ´Ψһõ񣬵ûңҵ
ʱˣҶBﻹںʲôƸҪ
Ȼصŵƣɣô׷ֻ֣΢΢ҡͷֻһСˣ鷳
˵ţƸһץһǿΡȻڵϣˤ顣
ɣ鳯΢΢ЦȫҸɾˣ𣿡
ʲôҶBüˣһȥҸ㿴ƣҩˣ
ҶBھֻƣɣ鷴ԣץסҪȥһƬ
֮ķ䣬Ǻ¶ȵ䡣
ǻһ㡭
ֻһ˲䣬ɣ̱ñ䣬ֳأ룬˵˲ãССվͺá
ɣӱھ裬˭û㲻֪ܣ˵ͷӦţˣ⡣
δɣɣһжзǳǳ
ۿͣˣİտʼҶɺ״̾ͽ˸ߡ
ңۼһƬİ֣ڶϣڣǾôˣǵȻôʷҶBȥ
ŵʳǵڶ죬ֳǴ飬ҶϺҶBʣҽһ£涯ҵİô£
ӲŸĳְĬĬͷòУҪͷ͸¶̫࣬ҲǵҶBһŭ֮
Ȼ״ʱһĸоҲûУȫûа֮Ӧľ
ҶBվͥԺУΪȱˮɿݵľֳʣҲͲ䲻Ļش𣺡Ҳǰ˶ѣӻûʲô˵ġ
̬Ҷϸջŭ֪֪ʳǰ˵ζʲôֵǰĲȣվܽʷˣʱʲôģ
ڴ֮ȷʵ׷񱬵飬ҶBʱȴǳ侲Ŀſľңô֪ζŭ
ʱɣһָֻܿƽ֪̽Ϊηŭˣ
ҶB̧ͷʵգֿ˿ǰĿľ˼룬ӦǲµһЩ
һ˲ɣɫȻδǵҶBġ
ҶѾùǺ۾ɴˣҶBһĺŪңúú룬ôʰԼ̯ӡ
滹һȺ֣Ҷûôʱ䵢ҶBѵһپͳȥˡ
ʱҶBѾ뵽һٲһҶϲԼҲŹ
ңҶBҲ޷ȷŭԭһ֮ͨ󷴶ȷˡ
ְڴ֮˫ֱֱۣһ²ؼĿ˵綼ϺΪηŭѵ˻ܲ³𣿡


11 
粻ֻΪ籾Ͳ˼ܶ¹ʣ粻Ͳ˲²
ҶBԴƳһ۳ְᣬȻɣʵ߹ĵطӦúܶ࣬Ƿ֮
ʱɣɫһ䣬еָ£߬ͳӦţɣϹ̫ƽο
ҶBṴǣһЦȻ֪ղСᵽɸеʱ򻹲δ⡣
Ϻ˱ŭôԵΪ̲ˣɫδҲûгֻ֣˵ŭĲǹ
ɣţнŵɫʵСӾãʲô
ǰĿľҶBܿ϶˵ɣ
ɣְˣһãȻһĶֻ˵зɣǴûмҲ֪ô˼ķô֪ɣ
ҶBĽ͵СҲ֪ɣǾͶˡ
˼Թмϰףʲôȴֻ֪һһϰߡ
ʳʱǾʳǹһȦʢҲʱʱ˹ֻһƬƺ
û֪ʲôҲû֪ʲôӣֻһС̨ϵʯͷѳɵһС
ǰÿ궼˼ݣҲȥ
ְ˵ʱΪɸеԱһŭ֮š˲ӡ
ɸеӦþǴ˵еķɣҲ˼ݵĲ֪ʲôľ
Ǹľһ˵ǳҪڼʱԲѷˣֻǿʳľŻᶯŭ
ԼңǾԿľ
飬ΣϢһϣȥΣѾµ¹ҶBѾȲҪȥɣƸҪֻܵ졣
ҵѾûˣȻµˣھͿȥɣָѾ˰յĹߣ͵ȥѲɴҡڵȥðյһͨ𣿡
˵ûйϵҶBɲġ
¯ҵһ˲ʹıǲƭ˵ģɣʼղȻһƣӷĲ¡
УǴ̹ǵı䣬ִз·ڻͣ
ᵽƵʱɣʶĺһҪܿƵĹģްҲϰ˸ˣԼԣС˸⡣
Ȼɣ֣ҶBҲ޻˵
˳ϰն˯ŵʱ򣬵ȻҶBһ޼еֱر
̨֮ʯͷɸɾûմȾһ˿һԻҵĹֱ̨Ǹ롣
龰ɣǰӽ̨ϵĻҸϸϸãһֻῴĶֻǰģǲܿЩĬĬΪ֮ģǴǵá
ûҶBڣɣɣϹżǰħսؽѿĻɣΪ֮ľԳĻ޲磬ǼԼΪɢȥ޲ؽ磬ǹ
ְһԳԴţʱûôһ¡
ʱɣЦΪ԰ƽ񣬿ǿû˻ǵüҲٲмֻһƬ
飬ҶBֻۣʯҲһĪϤ֮Уһ˵ĸо
֮󣬳ְãȻ֪ô֪Ϻһ꣬һ״ѵҪһʢʽû𣿡
ʱҶBĿǰɣ飬ǾҪ˿ϲϸˡ
ȻǱ׾ϳˡ
ɣͷЦһ˳ӭҶBĿ⣬Ȼʲôʱ³ģΪٻһЩ
ԼݣɣûкܿҪأҶBҲûзѺܶ۾ȷˡ
Ǳ³ɣҲֻ΢еʧ䣬صԼȬԲÿҶB˿ھκѹı顣
ողȷģѵ㻹Ȭ飬֪ǿģҶ̤ѰǡҶBκۣ˹ͷжô۰
л˵
Сĵٶе졭


12 
֪߹ǴٵıʼҶBѾɡ
岻˱ôֻˮŻ¶ȣˮ˭ҵð
ôֻһͣ
һҶBкܶܶ໰ҪҪ˵ǻȴ֪ôӺ˵һʱ
ʱҵӦþǳְˣʱ˵ôôôбĻǵɣ˵ģְԼǼ̫ˡ
ڴ˿ɣ鲢û˼ʹɫȫȥš
飬ƭһΡҶBĵίɽʱ򣬾ǱɣƭһΣһΡ
ƫƫ־ϤúܣͺԼӦ׽һ㡣
ɣ봹ЩʲôĬ֮СǲǶҺʧְȫģʦңЩб֮µҲңʶ𣿡
ҶBû뵽ڳְУ˵ܹһ죬ɵϺȻСĵĺ˵Щ
ҶBǰɣôһɣҺܹ飬ҳһΣżһҶģҲһдֵ꣬ξʣʼտоֱϣеĳʵҲҲͬԨԴ
ɣĿ˸һ˲ְ˼ˣįûʵҲ㿴ӣ㿴ְ֪ҾϺʱֻʣ¿־壬ѵͲ¡
ҶB֪˵ʲô̴ϵὫҵĲšϣǰƤ𣿡
ܹһͷˣҶB϶ɣһĺݡ
鲻ᣬ֪Ͷ
ڹѰµĵһ忪ʼӽװзĽͳȥһ̿ʼѾһ۾;Ϥ׽˵֪ʲôݣһôˡ
ҶBԼѣ֪
ط󣬶ɣѾԸأÿһʱɨһ飬ڳ˹̨һЩ֮⣬طܸɾ
ɣһҶBСӵǺܶ²ģȷʵᶮСӷֺʳȴҲΪ֮ꡣ
šҶB͵͵Ӧһɣ鿴ʱ飬ҶBͿɣĵߣʳǰռȻѾôɣͲΪ֮ꡣ
п̨֮£һ
һɣҶBĪʧ֮
ҶBߵɣǰ£ʵʳǰ¹ʳǽ𣿡
ɣ鴹㿪ҶBĿ⣬ȥӦΪУѾ˶ۡ
Ŀһߣ͵͵˵ɣӻ䣬˻oǣóԲѷȻûоηܵõӣһǰʳ˳ԻʱұҪʳǴ꣬ʱδʳǲꡣ
ֻ룬ܱӻ֮ˣǵĹ£ֻһǵãôô𡭡
е˼ѾԲˣҶBʧĵͷµĿɣҵĽ֮ϣɽͽ֮һֱ䣬ۻʲôɫʲôʽ·ûȡ
һССĽأʱ亣ܳȣΪѳҪǹ¡
Դ˿ɼǳְײеǡǡ෴Ǽһ
겻꣬ʳһǵİֻ޷ȥ
飬ĶҪɺ𣿡ҶBɲġ
ǵõ֮ɣ鼫һ֣ǡ
֪ҶB룬ɣ鵭ص˵˼һɰս޹ֻĻԲѷԲǣһѶ𣿡
ҶBδ΢΢˸Ѿɣ뷨ȷʵôġ
ɣЦһ㰡һģ٣ûҪ˼ǵʲôֻҪغúõģ֪ʳǸɺ꣬һòңƫҪˣΪ˾͸üǵãǵΪضѳ
ҶBֻһ䡸һġǳ̶ѵΪеһʣֻΪǸ˵еһ
ֻһ˲įɣ鲢ûвĿŶǰҶBţԣҶС᲻Ҳңһǵİա
˵ҿԸǣ޷Ӧʳ꣬Ҫͳְһңš


13 ʮ
ǻɣ鲻ԸĹȥʱƽҶBԸطЩ£ֱָ˵Ȼ㲻ԸǱ㲻ᣬ飬ڿΪ𣿡
ϵˣɣѾˣֻҪܶôϸ㲻ˡ
ҶBᣬɣѾǵûδȫϵ˿ˡ
̧ҶBеĿ⣬ǽԼָ˳һֳ̨վĮò鷳ʳҲĵطСʳǵİգҲûǸ㡣
顭ҶBҪɣĽŲûƬֱֱ֮ͣȥһͰԼʧҹɫС
ְŵһ飬һįҶBʣ㣬ǲǰˣ
ҶBӣʧǡ
ʱְֻоʶԼĲӣиоԼĲӻڣ
С֮ҶBͷ˵ô𣿡
ɣദЩҶBֻоº֮ܶ⣬ûκ˿־߲ĵط
ǺǡڳְЦ֮⣬ĻһҲ˵ʱ˵ѾˣڻںµС
ղ֪ɣϺʱŵڻûг׻
뿪֮ɣûֱ뿪ʳǣʳ⣬Ը˵ʳǣųְ˵ûĻ
ãСӻţ͵óˣĶ͵ġ
֮ɣֱӾͻصϺɺС
ոջصϺɺУһСֱ̾ܳ˵ɣ黳УˣûиҴĻ
ɣһӻɺϣʣһ߼ʮδСʮûʲôҪͬ𣿡
ʮоɣϵŭаһǴŪȥɣ˵Ȼˣߵļʮ귢˲顣
ʮЦܵɣϥ£Ц˵ǰЩ϶ԼҵϺ磬ҸһСȰʳ꣬ʳǵķ˸绹꣬ЦҾͰڸˣЩϼһҲ˽°ˡ
أɣ˪ĶʮĿȻⲻҪĴ𰸣ֻڵʮԼ
ëһֺܲԤС
ɣ˵
ڵȣʮŵ˵Ŀʼû뿪ʮĵϡ
飬ʮĵͷţʲô
бʲô
ʮʶɣñԳƣ˵ʱһвŭδ
硭硭УʮѾµɣΪζŭСٽһ
ʱɣ̧ͷĿ⣬˵㻹ǵýбһ磬ʲô˭㣿˭ˣǾñ㲻ãȻұѱŰȥķӡӡ浱ᷢ𣿡
ȻǱˣʮĲұ⣬˵ʮû뱳Ѹ磬ֻǣֻǴ
ΪǺѪ˶𣿡ɣ׺ǳ⣬ǲˣֻһռȵĴλ߶𣿡
ǵģʮıŵۿͨ죬Ž͵֮ʮĲʮֻţδԸֻ֣뻹ɣҶԸκα֮ġ
ֻǲңǲ밡ɣԳһЦҲûжԱ֣ȴһͬӡ߱ɱ֣ԱĮ飬͸ڵսܱɱ𣿡
ǵģǵģʮľɣ䣬ŽͣʮĶɽʮĴǣʮҲûҪѸ磬ӡе壬˴磬ʮĴδ뽫ǷųǸĳˣͬҲʮĵĳˡ
ʮĽų֪ŭ磬ʮϷֻҪ粻ôʮĶС
СС޵ۣò
ɣֻĮĿûаĮôСҪбߣôȷʵίˡ
ʱʮһֲõԤУֵĿɣ飬Ȼһ̾Į˵Ҳף㿴ϲĸˣ͵ǸطȥˣֻǱñ
ʮĽץɣ·ţøף˵ʮĲߣҲȥʮľڸߡ


14 
ʮĵĿɣû˿ݣĮ
ֻĮԼԼ뿪ñɱ㣬һһЩǷһ飡
ɺȫɺɺڴʮǣȫǰϺǣһһĳ˳ɺڴ
ǧɺħһۿľʮǣԭϺ³Ρ
ëȻǣдԣԭȵϺȫδֻǱϺȥǣȻӡϺĳһ
š
ȫļǻţһֻţ
ֻҪϸ붼ñͷƤ顣
ʮȴһҲ£ɣ·и˻ŵʮԸø˼ǣڸҲùøʮߡ
һ̣ɣֵ滯ɫצצӴʮĲɫѪ˳˿
ȻǾͳȫ㣡ҪŰδķӡʼѾǱ˱ɣ˿̵Ⱥˮ䣬䵽ĵףǶʧˣ㶼Ҫѱ
ҪɱԼ
µȥ֡
ˡ
ʮľı۾оצһһĴԼĲоѪ֮⣬о˺ѵʹ֫庡
ԭǱĸо
ǰͻȻ۾ҪԼʱԼ£ԼҪɱԼֳ
ɣһֱ˵ӡеĴѪףҲɣװҲͬѪҲˡ
磬պֻСӴɡ
ʹɣ˵֪ǧŷɥһֱڹȥûܹ߳µ
㡭ɣʱ֣ƺǱĻˣлûк²ȥ֡
硭硭ʮ̧ס˿ڣϲĿɣ飬˫۵ͬӳںϵ¡
ô꣬ɣվû֣֮תȥ˵ȻһҲҪĺô磬Ǿ͵˼ȥĴ磬ٿֵܣ
ʮĻҪɣȴٸκλᣬֺ̧ݺһӣ޴ƳϺ֮⡣
ǰһĽʮĸƳϺһ̾ͺڵòС
̾ץһɺϺԸϳȥȷС̫ӰȻ˾ȥҩмǣĪҪ͸¶Ǳᡣ
λƢ粻ǴûмôС̫Ӷ㱻ɱоɺһ̶ΣյģϺҶϳȥѰҲ֪ƵʲôطС̫ӡ
峿ԭĺϣȻһ޴ĺˣ޷ȴƽˣ𺣰ϵľľսͬҲңһ峿δһ㹻ȫ뺣ףĿܡ
޴վڸߴΧۣꡣ
ôĺˣк˷ңŭ
˭˵أպϲ̫ƽǲܳˡ
ߵǿųΪȻƽʣ治̫ƽǲܳ㣬ܳҪΪ˺ڶǡ
Ⱥֻ֮һŭһʶ˷ܡ
ҶBɽʱķͬϵҲһģһȻͬһţҲɽĵӡ
Ļͥ̾÷֪ȷʵŭиоһǿ˷ܲѣ㳯εķȥ
ŭô˳Ӧþܱ뺣С
ȻŸոտŭΣӺϾһӰݺͥС
һҵùں̲ϣͥʱ̧һŭǵѾƽϢȥֻв㲨ƣﻹʲôŭ
ͥŭĿԼġˡ
֮ŷ֣ˣȻΣǶͷ϶СǣīɫͫףһͷڷķβҲīɫĲмץۣŵɫѪٲȻ塣
ǸոձɣɺڣһŭƳС̫ʮġ
壿ͥвزס˷ܣҪʮĴӵϷȴʮĮĽָ
ɺڱƳʮ߻أݺ³ѪŻһЩ
ڵķܣǱɣɺϳģԴ˿ҲãԴͥҲûʲôɫһõĵͥУǺˣ
ͥеһ˷ֿʮ񣺡ɽͥУǰϺϺΪʳǽ꣡
ɽ
һطʮľѾõüˣټͥΪʳǽʮľ͸ӲˣŭԴȥ


15 
ͥдԶΪľʳǵĴ󺵣ܼһѾס
ò׼һ壬ȴܾˣͥʳѾһٰ꣬ΪȱˮٲʳǶң˵ỹΪĮ
˿ʮһӻͷ˵˲㡭
δϵ˿ڣѪӿһʱŭӿʮǰһھε˺̲ϡ
ͻȻ䵹£ͥһæ̽飬ŷʮ˵òᣬֻһЩȻﲻæǴӺбƳܲܰӻغ
ͥлǾʳȥ˵嶼һ绽ı£ӦҲܴһСꡣ
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ȻһС̫Ӳˣ
ϺţƬ̲ҵ˳΢ϢȥѰҡ
Դɣ뿪֮ΪɣֻǸ뿪죬ǼչȥˣȴӰҲ춼ûг֣ҶBĵһֱ֡
ʳǵʱ򣬾ǰա
ʳǶĽʮ־أ֮ҶBؿڳдһʢ롣
ʳһ꣬ׯʳȫȱĶһЩϡ֮࣬ٷַչ
ҪټĻҲֻܺͼһܶһЩˣغҶȫΪʲôҪۡ
ҶBҲ˵ΪŻ᲻ʳǽ꣬ɣ˼߻⽫Լݸأ˵ԼΪ֪
ҶBûҶϺ͸¶ɣݣҲûᵽֻģ˵ҲԹͱˣʱ򣬶һӣʳҲһӡ
ҶBϵȰ˵£غҶϻͬˣѡһӴ˼
صԺУҶBϲһ
ѾǴ죬ĵطѾʼף֦ѾֻʳǣΪ󺵣ֲݵֻиɿݵĻƲݣϱ˵ѿʻˣһƬҶҲûС
˵ɫһľžԺڵľɫˡ
ҶBһͿſľְһ˼Ҿµĳһ̬ҲˣȫǵİնȥҲʳǽ꣬ôʲôãæһ
һճְɣҶBĽ鲻һ㣬ټҶBܰɣߣɣ鶼ûжô֮󣬳ְһָоǾԵĿݡ
Լ˵ôġԡҲȫ
Ȼɣˣְȴûлص˾ѡ˼䡣
ְҶBߵְߣȵϣĿſһԣִ֪ҪʳǴ꣬ڳͷʳǰպĹ£ҪҲֻܴ֡
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Ǹֻɸͱš˲ӡ
ɼôں˼䷲˳ԻҪټƽϣǿɲ򵥡
ʱҶBͻȻվڵ˫Ķųְ˵ҪûмǴĻСҲΪʳǽһ²ŵ˼
һ飬һְ֪Բʲô£һֲԤУʿˮʶˣʲô
ٺ١ҶBЦţýܹ˵
ʲôְʧɫһಽҡͷܾҸ㣬Ҳ룬̾Ͱµͷ𣡡
뷨һҹҶBѾˣֻǰЩûнغԼֳ˵ԲųٳûְҪѡ
Ҳϵְô׾͸ֻҶBĵС˼䱾Ϊʳǽ꣬ûаɣȥ϶ٲ𷣣ĿһΣ
ְǺЦһʱһ˵Ըȥ췣Ҳùһͨ˾۴СŭǲҪ
ȻҶBں°˼㻹ûаǵʱ򡭡
ҶBóְϸڻһ
ʱְ¾ƿϣ˺ˣ˵ȥˡ
Ȼ飬ְɲЭ˵ĴʦܳУҸҲҸһ£Ѿ֮ڲʳǽһ꣬ǿһŭαҪðգ


16 
Ҫǵİգн⿪ɣĽᣬôΪʲô
㲻֪ɣΪôںֻҪ֪ɣںģǾ͹ˡ
Ȼǳͷʳǰգܹһͨȴ޷κ⡣
˼һҶBɼֵ겻ǴҲǴ㲻Ѿ飬ǰ˵оȣܾʳȫ̰գͿСôѡˣ
ְԥҶBȴһƣͥСǸȥϺҪȡͬ⣬꣬˿̾ϣСֻҪңҲãŭҲãһеԲС١
˵ɡְЦһ˵˵ҿɾͲҿ϶Ľŭʱ϶Ǩŭ㣬ùĻֻСɡ
ۿȰ˵УҶBɴ̯̯֣ν˵˵СٶϣǾСھͻȥ˵ϺϽ꣬겻ֱ췣ͺˣʱȥȥҿɲҿ϶
㡭ԼϺʵѾ˸ˣת룬ܺϺôã˵а취
ԼҲΪʳǽ룬ְЭ˳
ǳɫϿһ꡹֣
ְСĵĽϣǳɱ˲Ҫһ군
סҶBСպѾ˼ƻ
һգزõĲȼʱ⣬ҶB˵ģ÷ǳ¡أʹڴ֮ǰʳѷ֮ʱҲʳǽʮׯϵһΡ
ȫǵİն뵽ȫˡ
䱻룬ǰȴףΪƫƫǼһ֮
ͥдʳʮתʱ֮һ֣ķ
۾һΧȫİĻʱһãȻһʹѾɣ鶪Ϻˡ
еίһȫӿǽǱίĿ
ͥʵû뵽ԼһͿ޵ôףһʱ޴룬ڷתư죬ŤŤݹȥһ㣬ҿްɲҰ˳ġ
ʱʮĲע⵽ڻһˣԼε֮ǰһЩƬΣ뵽ɽġ
ɽǿɣͷĵ̣ʱʮıûнӹͥеӲᣬͥУˣҴкĿģ
ֻͥΪʮԼ˴͵ҿûж⣬ԭ˳ŭѰȻͱ˸Ƴˣ˵ҿûж֣Ϊ塣
ʱʮȻ֮ǰ˵Ϊʳ꣬ôӦþʳˡ
ʱʮĵɫͥоûпһڴʣ壬嶼ܺ绽꣬Ϊʳǽ𣿡
ʮһǰİ꣬лһŭû绽ûû˭Ϊʳǽꣿ
Ϊʲôͥһɻȫ벻ףʦΪʳʳδдһ֣ܣΪβܽꡣ
⻹٣ʮֻóͷۣҪϢһȻӳ
ͥסµĿջܹܽĳ
˼ߵʮģֻóòУüʣʲô˼䶼ô𣿡
һһδС壬ͥĽ͵˼ļʽƺȫİնݣԳһЩ
룿ʮĻûм˼ļ룬Ǽʳǳٳٲ꣬ǲǼꣿ
Ӧ꣬ǲǼǰЩѾˣɲ꣬ԾͿʼƺ⼸ͥһֱչʮģԲ˽⡣
ꣿ˸磬бɸҸʳꣿʮ˲Ȥ߳ջȥ֡
ջλúܺãվڳϾͿֱӿλãҲ̨ܿϵһС
ȻԶһЩͨ˵ǲ̫ܿǱ߷飬Ƕһߣһ˵ȫĿ淢顣
ֻǻûеǿ̨ϵһУʱɫ䣬ХƬƬƻʳǵ֮ϡ
ǣҪꡭ
˭ʮĶż̨ϿȥϢǲǸϢ˭ô󵨣
̨ϵĳɳɢȥʱܹĿ̨һֳꡣ
ʦ֣ͥоõɴ۾


17 
̨ǸˣǱһɽͬʦҶBû뵽ԼʦҲʳǣǰļ̨ϣվľȻԼʦ֡
ˣʮһ󣬾ѳϵľ˸ˣҧҪˣˣҼʹˣʳҲ²꣬ʳн磬֮ڸ²꣡
ͥиʲô粻ģһϽ̨ķҪֹҶB
ҶBڼ̨֮ϣһֳʩ꣬˵ȴĻ
ڰտ꣬ʳꡣ
֮䣬ʳǿ֮ϣ䴫֮Ҫǰ࣬ȫǵİڴ׷Ͷȥη
ͥиϵ̨֮ǰ̳ϱƾճһɫӰһץס
ʳϵķɺɣ飬ɣϵʱŷ֣ǸΥĲϵɣһˡ
ƫƫǸˡ
ɣץסһǣǳҶBˣ֪˶ᱻ𣿿ͣ£
ҶBѾ㲻ͣ£ɣһЦͣ£һʳ꣬ʲôۣ
ͣ£ɣţĽôҶBᱻˣԭͲȫ꣬ٴαɢ
ȻɣȰ裬ҶBû˿Ҫֵ˼ֵһ鿴뿴һĻʳǰٴξʳǴһ꣬꣬һǵٴξǡ
ĿģȻ
еִţɣ鿴ɣҡͷҧֵֵΪˣΪǶмǵõġ
ͣ£ɣĺš
ҶBɽ֣עܲ
Ѿˡ
ҶBҲѵѪ˿
Ѿʼˡ
ͣ°ɣһƣҶBϵǿ˦˳ȥ
ĵ䣬ϵҲֹͣ
ŵڵϵɣһץסҶB󣬲ټ˫ĿҶBʾ˿̵ķŭ
ΪͣµͿҶB֪ɣķŭ
ˣټˣֵã
ǶʧΪҶBһиеֵŭ
ҶBôΪҶB۽һ룬ʹ֣һѪ룬ûֵֵ໤£պ£ǾھпΪǴϣǾͻٴ飬ѵⲻ뿴
ǣҲܲһ鿴ҪĽ
ҶBѵʺѪմʹɣԣɣĨȥߵѪЭˣڣ˵ҡ
ӮˡԸ
ĻһʳǵĽɢȥεˮڸɺѾõĴϡ
У԰յĻȸԾ
һһҪǹ
ʳǸɺ̫ãһеϣΪǴĸأȫڸмл
һҶ϶жදѵڱӻ
Զͥиϵʮģ꣬վԭأˣˣ˽硭
ż̨ϵķˣĽͬҲοѣԭ粢µ㡣
ɣóһֽɡҶBͷϣȥˮһֻվ
̨֮ȫǰյĻҶBŻ̨ȸԾףİգҶBοЦˣɣ鿪ĵ飬ǶڸߺΪǴ˻ȥϣΪǴ˸¶˼䲻ˣˡ
šɣ͵͵ӦţһǳǳЦ˵֮Ϊųȥ磬ҲãҲãǶһ
һ𣿡֪ΪΣÿɣ˵ЩʱҶBܾɬֻ֣Ψһ
Ҳ֪ɣˣûֻݸһЦ²ΪպΪʲôֵãס𣿡
ҶBֵԺһһʱ˷ܺ˱ɣڻ£һ¶۵òС
ҶBϸ΢ı仯ɣЦղһӣھ֪ˣûȫã˵ĻᶼûС


18 ԨԴ
鿪Ц˵Ѿˡ
ɣɢȥеҶBɴһ˿ŵ㲻϶ҵ̨ϣԲԣ
ɣһʱ֪Լ£ԲŸô
²Ϊ뻹̧ҶBͷһǣȥˡ
ʱһ¼̨µĳְְɵúëֱ·𿴵ɸʱĳʶ̧ԼĲӣȷԴڲϡ
Ⱥͥ˷ܵĳҶBִ󺰣ʦ֣ʦ֣
ֻϧȺӣҶBûͥеĺֻǱɣһ·ʷȥ
ԼȺûֻͥ׷ǵĽŲȥʮںץסͥʣҪȥģʶǸˣ
Ȼˣᵽʦ֣ͥпɽʦ֣ƽʱɽˣû뵽ʳǻܼʦ֣ʳǵĴ󺵽֮󣬾ȥ붼ʦ֣ʡˣʦҲʳǡ
ղſڼ̨ϣɣҶB̬ȷǳºͣʮ˲⣬סͥеҴطģ޴ȥҪʦҲҡ
ͥоȣ仯ôôһ֮뵽ϻˣԼʳҲҪ𵽵ףʹӦˡ
ͥУʮĲŸоͥһϤϢͥקյͥᣬȷϤϢˡ
ץ죿ʮĵͥеϢǴ洫ģŨϢ˵Ÿձؽȥá
죿˭ʶͥһãȻ̯֣ʲôҲס
ʮкݺݵķ˸ۣһֻҲֻУǲһֻ
룬ͥе˵ͷǰڴʷ⿴һֻǲ⣬ԾͰʷ˰ˣСү߽е
˵ûǳԺһô˲һƵģʱ֪ԭʦ־ڴʷʦȥ
֮£ͥŷӦôʶ
ͥнˣתһ룬ʮĻһãʮҲס˿ڣ㲻ҪʦҪҾͿЩҶˡ
˵ɲóԷ𣿡ͥСһϴʮĵʷ
ȻˣǿɣҶBֹֻס˷ܣӣɣ̲סͷһãЦ˳˻Ц
κ˷ֹܸסҶBƶֻҪܻ˵һЩҲûϵ
ƶɣҶBһİۣȻߵǰһ裬ҶBڲˮеһѪ
ɫѪ˲ϢˮУָǳǳ˿Ҳһ˲ϡ
ˣɣ齫ӵݸҶBĿⶢŲ豭ҪѲˮȥ
ղſڲˮ˶㲻ڲ¶붾ҰɣҶB뿪Цǽˮͷ꣬һ˿صζϤȴֲ²ʲô
ʱɣЦ˶Ŷˡ
˻ץҶB֣ĽעҶBתɵһһƽ
ŲˮȥѪҲɣ߶֮£ãھ֮γһů
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ָобǼƵ㣬Ϥ
ֹһγֹ
ҶBȻ۾һѿסɣ֣˫Ŀ㵵񣬵ҺȵѪ
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飬̫ȥɷϣǲǵҲΪһָǲǣϻдǰ㣬µĶ𣿡
ʱ֣Ϊʲôָô죬Ϊʲôڿʱ֪˯ˣҪ˯ʱºת
һֱ֪ǣһȫ⣬ηĬĬһС
ʵֻһ죬иʱҴСӾǺܶˣʱܻ˯һͺˣʦò˼飬ʵΪΪ˶𣿡
飬㾿ڶǰˣ
磿
ǰˣ絽֮ǰ
Щɣ鲻֪ôڣô˵ѡ˳Ĭ
ڴǰŵӱסҶBֻܹһƬӰǰȥҪӰе㺣׷ʵɽϵǲ鰲źõģ
ࡣɣƺشЩһֽҶBƻشϣ
ȻĬƬ̣ɣ޳ָһûһµҶB󣬻ǽһ䣺ɽֻ⡣
ֻ˵Ǹ⣬ܿһ㽫ħʰĻɣ鲻ֱӳǰ
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ǲ֪ôشҲҪشɣֻǴܵ㻰̫ࡣ
ɣҲֻҶBϿ죬Ҳ֪һﻹжԼ
ȻҶBûɣ˼һճֹֻһƴɣϵ˿
˿ȻôϺõĳһ
ҶBһƷ˿ЦְС˵ο£ҿľ͸˿һҵĽɲ֪˭ˣˣɱң˵Ĳ㡣
׻ˣɣ̧ɨһֵ֣ȴûÿֻĬΪңʱֻ˳ְˣ˳һԳְ˵ҲûϺʲôɣСҪˡ
ʲô𣿡ҶBɿ˰˿֣Ϊָɣ۽µѪ룬Ѫܸһֺĸокܶҹҹڿһ
ʧ֮䣬һСţڹСӣҪСӣ˵СɽϵͬʦܣͥС
ͥУҶBһӾȲѣôˣ
˭ɣĬĬջ֣֪н˼֣͸һ˿ãȴûԱֳԼûио
ܶʱһӣϸ΢ı仯ҶBһʱûзӦͼ·Ьܳȥ
ɣ鿴żҴܳȥıӰںš
ȻҪһɣ鲢뿴ôµ龰Թںߵú
һĻȣҶBżʦܣôߵ˾ͷɣȴߵúƺ;ú֮꾰ƺͼ߽Ӧһ
дһúص£ڳɣͣ½Ų£ˮϣ̼㻯ˮʼնû°ֺۼ
ƵɣͥԺһأһĻ
ֻϧˣʼղڻڣҲۼĻС
ǻˣαǿ


19 
ôҲסҲ˵Ķ粻ȥ
ɣ鿴ϵˮλ˻֣ɢҪǰߡ
ֱһס
ɣ
һּٵɣɻĻͷһԭںǻԥ˺ܾãžصͣʮԶλòǰ
ʷ£ɣĮ룬ƺ̫Ը̫Ľ
һʼҶBʳʱסڴʷڱǳҶB֮˶̫ԸصĽǺٺ٣ؽסʱл
ɣһݣ
Ҫһݴ
ɣʱ̧һһε׼µסüжϥлƽ𣬴ʷΣ
򲻵ãһɣ龴صһ֣ص֮Ƭ̲ʳˮ𣬴˴ܵã
ԭڵ̸ظȥصҹжˡ
ɣĿԼӴ󺣾ȳĺͯѾΪһĸ٣лЩο
Ȼοֻ֮ͣƬ̣ɵȻֻ˳֣깩ѻ壬֮ԴСӣлӦСӡ
ڻرأ˵˳ųĳߵǰԺͣ£ߵһ£һȲСĴڽ̸ˣлֳ顣
վûжãҶBͳɡվǰΪβݣվᱻܵ
ɣ̧Լ䣬Լ覵·ϣɸɾվôã˿ûбˮմʪ
𣿼ʹվҲᱻʪҿϺܱˮʪ
ҶBĻˣһͥУɣ齫Ŀһϣɫһݣʮģ
ʮһ飬ʶҶBһ£ҡǱʳġ
ͥжʱˣǡͿˣôͱɰˣ
ͥ½ѣҲʶҶBһڿǲˡ
ȻʶϺС̫ܲϵð
֪ΪΣҶBܸоĻм⡣
ɣ;ĿʮģĮȴ䣬˵ҳʲô
ϺС̫ӣ˼˭˸ǣ
ˣҲܹ֮ͥ
ҶʮĵƢԣɣ黹Ǻ˽ģɲǰķܹвʮġ
ʮıɣ鶢ţ飬ҶBֱܹ
ô˵ˣɣ鶢͵ſҳʲôͥҲĿţ֪ʲôԼ
ʮĶͥСװεɨۣ˵ץвҸ
йԼ
ڻ֮⣬ʮľѾԼҺ˽ڣԲûͥǸʱų
ͥлûӦ͸оһɺϢԼһ˳ҽһֻ˳ԭ˵졣
漸죬ֻе챻Ϣζס
ŵԵСӣɣϢ˪ƵʮȺüӱ˳ɣǲŭɾͲǽصϺˡ
ѹ˵ôûڴʷߴʷ٣ʱֻ⵽ҶBƣûע⵽ûпֻӡ
ڲ֪ԭǱͥиװڡ
ңɱϿѪ֮
Ϊķŭ˲ӣϸҲ꣬еһж˿̵ķŭ
ôһʣϢǿѹ֮Ϯһʱͥ޷˼
ɣ鲽ȥûǱشֻӱ˵ˣΪ΢С£һֱ׺ݵȮẦ£ˣȻδΪΪҪ
Ϊͥмʶͻش𣬵˵ͺˡ
ΪԾ͸ñ޵֮װ˼͸ѵͲ飬Ͳûţ޵߽ħΪΣδУδаħƾʲô
һˮɣĺˮȫγѱֱָͥҪ֮
ɱ֮ӭͥ붯ȴֺԽԼĶӣû취ҪתȴеľҲתˡ
ʦ־ң鼱ֻ֮ԵҶBȡ


20 ŭ
˱ϢҶB֪ɣһǶɱǰץסɣģһ˿飬֪ʱߣʵ磬컹ţҲһɺã
ɣ΢΢죬ʵҷŹʦܣ𣿡
ɣ˿̵ŭҪֱӷŹͥеĿԲ󣬶޹棬ҶBҡҡͷ죬Ǿֻ̣ɱ
һɱִɣңĿⲻ俴ʮĵķ򣬿ϵİײԼ˵ģϸֳϢȶ˰ˣԲŻõô졣
ʮ˵ʲôǱЩڲƭ˻У̫˽ʮˣͥеĵивʮģӦʮġ
һ룬ɣ㳷ȥ˱ͥʣʵ˵ôʶʮĵģ
ͥʶһ𲻰ʮģ˵ʵ϶ʲô֮Żˣʮ˵ţʳǴ󺵣壬Գˣʳвġ
ССһɣ鿴Уͷ˵ʵ
ɣòȥŭʮĻ磬ϺϾңҴʳ֪꣬ҶСʦָ֣ҶСߣҷҪġ
˵ʵˣɣ鳷ȥסͥеĺҲʮģֱŹ㣬Ҫָ
ͥһòñɴ⬡
ղǹɺɱ϶ûиܹѹȸУҶԷû֣Ѿ޷ʵֲ̫ˡ
ڴʷڻһû٣ɣָһץεͰѲڽĳְٸ˳ͥǰԸȥҩ
ɣʱ򣬳ְһ£Ǻڲ˵ģְҲͷˡ
˵꣬ɣʮ׹ȥһ񣺡ɵŸʲôȥ浱Ҵ˵Ƿܸκõ𣿡
ɣ֪צ֮Ϻжغɷܿ˿ϣ򵥵ҩҲ޷˿ڵĶغɷɾҩȥʱ˻γˡ
ʱ䣬ֻΪҪҵҩҲһʱʱָܻ
ǸղɣɢɱͺóְĿһ·𿴵ɸԶԶһĻ
Ļ֮󼪣ȻһҲҪϽͥкҩҩܡ
ȥеĺ֮ɣ̧ͷһԵҶBʵӣʮĶҡ
ʹ֪ˮ޷ɣʪҶBǳɡǣɽһԵˮ£С˱һЩˮš
һƵݹȥɣ滺һ飬һЩεΪҪأҿʮĿ񲢷㣬ֻ
ҶBοղɣʮģΪҸɣܹŹͥС
ΪҸ̨ף˳µ˶ѡ
ɣἥЦһįҲһЩǸĻǺ°ɣ򡭡
򡭡
ͣ˺óʱ䣬ͷƬӰеĵǹڸǣԵįʧ
ͷоһк˺üįں˻񲻶࣬ʮһģҵĿЩһ飬תһ룬ôҲ֮С
ʱɣͻȻ̧ͷҶBǳʣС֪ʱΪʲô𣿡
ֻԵһˣûҶBشԼ˵ȥΪƽ֮ˣһľ
Ҵӳ𣬾Ͳ䣬Ϻ˽ͨµĺӣӳһֱϺԨҵĸĸֻǸյĵطûһˣҰҲصǸطҲûûйӡ
ʮľƷϺʱһ֮µĺӣȴңҵķӡҹԨеĳ˷˳˵ֻųõĴ磬ֱңҲһӦҪ󣬿ûУѡ͵͵ųһŭ֮ɱιˣûҡ
һҾƣɣӱ̫鷳þƺֱӵơ
ѾСˣɣߵԵĽסϻˮ۵ٵΣ϶̼仯ˮ˿ۼ
ɣתͷҶB㿴ˮʼղҵټݲҵĴڡ


21 
һ̵ɣ飬Ǵü䵭ǳղɱڵر
᣿ҶBߵɣߣյԼҿʮĲǲ飬Ϊ֪£뵱°ˣĺ飬㲻ͥеһ档
Ҳǲ䣬ʵѾУ½ʮģ춼µĺۼǣҶԣҪҪ
ɣ΢ƺǺܿͰе
ЦԼʲôʱôƸˣӦòں˲Ŷԡ
ɣ˻ԴЩĪе˦ЦһɵǺҲûʲôõģûз˵ļһ鷳ұ֮СΪң

ҶB˵ӣתƵɣǰֱΪ鳤ʵںÿһøУ֮ҾлϲκԵɡ
ҶBԣɣȷ࿡ܹ˼֮رһ˫֮µ룬ϼһ˿ұȻ󣬸Ƕ
һӾͿɣæܿҶBĿ⣬ɿһԼղŵСӿ˵ıѧģǼǵûĻɽźͳ϶̣ɽ̲Сӵ컬ࡣ
һҶB׷һ˵ôţҿȻѿڶ
ɣ飺
ǻɣ˱ϣϵεδһһ⡣
˷Ʋϡ͸һ⣬䵽ɣϡ
Ѭӿϲ֪ʲôĽëһһţܹ͸˫Уĵ׵͡
ԼܳΪһеĻҪκһС
ҶB˽Ųߵ£оĿɣϰתͷһۣٴβˮĵδ
ѾҶBٴιϵ˿棬Ц̨ҰеÿˣΪֽлСˣ
ҶB˶ڴһ飬мɺã
ƺϰĶҲϰ˱Լ˿ɣתͷĶָһһԼ˿
֪ǱѬģǰĻصԺв両һЩյĻ棬ǸʱԼ˿ҲǱָŪ
˿ָᡣ
ɣĿЦţſŴŴһ
Ѭʵ˫ۣ֪ڿǰˣ˼Ʈ˫ۿҶBӿ糺գһŴŴĺҶBԳ
òԷԼ
Ȼ䣬ҶBǰпϣȾЩڱǼ⣬Ḳ߹ǵλá
͸ɣܹ׸оҶBϹ̵¶ȣѪģҲǱ¶ȣԵҶBĵ¶ȸӹ̡
ʲô
ĵ˫϶ʵž˵˼ҶB֪ˣԼˡ
ĵط¯ҵĵطҲǵĵطǵʱ򣬺ֻۣۣоһů档
ǱʱҶBֻԼǻˣۣԵʣΪʲôһҪԼǣЩǡ
΢΢ɣ٣ҶBȻˣԹԻش𣺡Ϊ̫ϵɷǱҵķӡˣֻҵܹ⣬̫ڳʱǸֻ̥ǽϺ̫ӡ
ʱΪʲôֱӸࣿǸĹǣһҪǡ
̫ӵɣҲûеһ˵
ɣۣǲ𻰣ʵ˫۴ʪ⿴ĵ׷βСȥˣ˿ڶˡ
СèһͺͺƵģҶBûаֿǾǿǿƵǺۣѪҲۣ飬Ӧպκ£㶼˺Լ֪𣿡
֪ȥˣΪѣɣߺӦһͿ֧ϵǳǳۡ
Ȼô˯˹ȥ
ǾƾˣҶBһЩһԵľƺ˰ƾľĲ̫á


22 ǫ
Ȼǳ˯ȥ˯˵ǿֹɣֻ˯ҲԵСֽʵڿֻۣŽڡ
콵껺ʳǵ飬ҶϺؽеȫ֮Ҫ붼һҶBҲɣҲҪһͬȥ
붼ɣƿѰţ氲ûһҲûһֻСٻ˵Լ
˵Լϲ̫䲻֪ѾϰôһֻСԼߣԼôһֱԼߡ
ٻصӣû˳ֵӣһʱеӦ
ɣ鵽ǰ̸ڳҪһ˰Ụ̄Ա߰޷
徻ڻİй鴦
ţѰӵžͱ˸ƿˣᳵ·ߵ£صȥɣ֪СҶB
󻹸һˣɣ̧ͷۣǾӾǫҲҶBɽ֮ǰõ顣
Ϊģиһϲ鸴ƽСӲŻ붼ʹžСүᣬѰһδƣδ裬ֻдܰ
ҶBǰոհںõӣһЦ˵վţȲûбȤԽҲģҪ鵽붼һ䡣
ûȤɣҲû;ܾˣȱȱ붼סٶ꣬ԣû˰Ȥ
ٶ꣡ǫ̾ÿҲʮ꣬Ȼ붼ٶ꣬붼ܶȤ֪
֪ɣϰ֣һȤȱȱӣҶЩûȤ
ѰڵĵضΣҶB֪ɣڱܿУѰһ徻
հںõ֣ҶBһһǹɣ֣ڴɣ飺鿪˸ӣȴӪҲƵûţҳȥߣ
˭˵ҲӪ
Ϊ˷ҶBɣ鶪ʮСֽˣ֮ؾͱһСɾһ֣Ϳֽ˱仯
ԼƷɣ⣬֮Ƴ˸ɫԸȫϳȥ
ֽƬɵˣֻ˵ָյɣһ׷ңϳȥ
ɣͷҶBƣⲻͿˣ
СҶBһʱ仹δӦЦԭ黹ôȤһ档
ȻԺһֹĻ档
ڽһССд֣ǲúдǻдŤᣬȻɥĽʶһȥֱӿʼˣдˣдһҲ棡
ССˣôֱ׳
֪ΪΣ뵽ôһ棬ֻˣǸССӰ֪֮䣬ƺǰɣںһ顣
֪Уó
ҶBһֱɣ鿴һԵľǫȥˣѵˣɣúÿҲôű˿ǣ
ɣ̧ԼЦʵɽʱ򣬻ʳǵʱСӶϲôҿѵҳ̫֣СӾʲô֮
ûûУҶBϽֻܸͣоһʶĸоһֱߣǷǰ֮Ե
С֪ɣҡЦ֪ĻСӾԼºˡ
˵գǫһҲߴٵĺûУصؿŶӵ㵽ĺͣңûе
˺ˣߡ˵ҶBסɣֱߣҲһ𣬽Ҫ붼
ҶBϰɣֻϾܾӣֱӾͰ˸ߡ
ȻҲԵһ£ǳΪԼӣҶBɿ֣ҪԼߡ
ΪӲܶ
Сү켣붼꣬붼ܳĵطȫָơ
Ȼ˷ĺ󣬾СүҲǳͣԶԶСүС̽˦ڼϣǰȥӭСүݹ٣С԰
Сۼ⣬ͬеĻλĿˣ˽ȲһǷǸţСүտҪż䣿СҲ˲ʽƷСүҪ
ĴˣǫѾ·ֱԼϤķߣһߺСԸż϶Ҫнհǵĺþƺòˣ²ʽȫһݣй͡


23 Ϻɺ
ǫÿҪĶĺȤ᷿иСϷ棬ǿСү¿ˣȻϲϷֵǺµ᷿
ּڵλã͸⣬ҲܿĽֵ
ĺĶ棬ҲһҾ¥㡹
ֵľǡ㡹˾ŵ̨ǰҪ̨ļơ
ɣע⵽̨ǰŵĲͷ
ټɣʲôȤرȺӿĵطܻʶıܿԿɣĿһطҶBҲ˳Ŀ⿴˹ȥ
ǫ̂ķʽע⣬⣬Ǿ¥õֶΣûʲôϡ档
ҶBȤһֱŶ̨ѲҪͷ˴ޣɽҵ
ɽǹȥˣɣҡΣƫɣƫȤȤҪǴ޵ĲͷֵǮ̨ǲԡ
ǫ̨ϿһֻۣƺһֻΧŵʵǶ࣬þǫƺͷһֻ֪ʲôֻôˣҲ̨Ψ࣬Ҳֻ֪ʲô
ɣǳǳһڲ裬ҶġϺɺ
Ҷ˪tңҶB;ǫȫȲѡ
Ҷ˪tٶǰĻʦĻ࣬ÿһֵǣ⡶Ϻɺһͼ
벻ܹҶԵĻ
ҶĻѵãǫҶBǰ֮ȫûҪȥ˼ȻҪڶϧУõĹޡ
תһѵ÷ɣܶһȤǻǡϺɺҪǷȥã
ûɣҡҡͷҪҪǷȵڣҶĻӦøܿͣӦǧš
ɣУҶBҶǳǳһУΪֹһϸоָо
ֻҪôţҶB͸окƺƣһθоɣңԶңԶ
У֮ǰɣһ˺ܶˣ˺ܶܶ£ᣬص˺һܶܶ࣬ԼҲ˵
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šɣ鵭ӦţԺл˵ʱ⣬˶ϲ಻ţġ
ʱǫӸȤʵһǵһμɣҪȻһЩСҲѧһС
˵ŻǵɣԵҶBһۣBСûĵģԴȥɽ֮ûСңҲѧѧй񫡣
ᵽҶBɣҲԱ߿һۣʱüЦ˫Ŀ˵Ľðѧʲôʱ䵽Ѱҽ㡣
ǫ˲˵òУҶB;ǫŸʶãͻֶԸˣ
еҪˤӵġǫֺǺǵţˣΪ˱ʾ˵ĸлȫˡ
ǿɲСɣ̴ȤͰҶСƷһأ͵ТТ˼ˡ
˼֣ɣ˵ӡ
ʳҶB˵һ죬ɣ
ǫ˾񣬡ʲôȤ£
ȻҶBúƵģľ˱ֻҸطȥˣطҲǲԡ
ɣŴȤζЦСҲʳ꣬Сҵѵøһ⳥һٷΪɡ
ʱǫе˼ٴεɴ۾B԰ˣ֪ȥʳô棬Ҿ͸һȥˡ
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ԣˣΣô㣿ȻɣģҶBҲȤ
ɣֱȵס͵Цˡ
˻˵ֱ׳֪ɣ黹ôһʱ򣬵ԽԽǸغ


24 ̨
ʱ¥µ̨һ䶯֣ԭע⵽̨ϵɣ̾ͱָȥĿ⡣
ֻ̨һģģһ˴˺ۣɼŴӵ
̨µİȫΪǸģӶ꣬ñˣҪٶŵ˽֡
ӵļ̨µĹڶݣʹüȲվû԰ܣڼ֣ΪΪֻҪٶּ֣лܹõϺɺĻ
᷿ڵ˶Ϊ֮ݣСŲʱɣסСʵСֵ̨֪ܿʲô·𣿡
ĺ󡱿˵붼ľ¥ÿӭĿ˲ҲϢͨĵط湤ĵСϢҲǲֱӵķʽ
СĿгɣǫ̾ͳһӷŵϣ˵
˴ͣС̽Ӵ˵лСүʹ̨ͣϵʷռҵСռϣռҵ˱£һȼҵ䣬չӴ˴ε붼ʱΪ˿ƾٶһҵҫѹˡ
ʷռңǫҶBãû뵽ǸʷռңСҲʾֻģҲ
˼޹ҶBѾˣʷռѾǼʮǰˣʱǶûгԲ֪
ҶB̯̯֣ҳɽڵĹԱҲʶ
һȥ̨µ˶Ǹ˷߷߲ɣʵǸˣ֪ʲô𣿡
¿ɰѵСסˣȻʲôʲɣ˰֣˸ȳȥˡ
̨ϵ˿иһ˿õζ
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ǫĻɣ˿ûڶĿǫ֮̈̄ϡ
ֻռϱ˲֪˶ٴΣԾɲԸ̨
һʱôΣȴɼŲ̨Ű֮ģһ̤ռϱϣﳰֻʣˣòߣ
ǰвޣȫ˸ȥֻռϼʹʱ򱻲ڽ£ûҪ˼
ƣŵˣռϸǲ䣬ҧһﺬѪֵ˲żüãоͨʲô£ռϲߡϺɺ
˺ǲ⣬صĽµȣֲֻΪһֵ𣿡
ſڵϵռϴδҪվĻᣬҧһһ˵Ҳõϣֻж˲ã軭õ
һǴ̼ˣݺݾסռϵͷǿͷݺݵ䲻䲻˵㣬վѣ
̰֮ռϵͷݺϿģ˲ѪӶͷ£ۿģռϵߡ
ˣռһЦ˵û߻˲ű˺һûѶʰʰ㣿
⻰׾ͽ˸ŭ˵һ̧ţݺռϵĸ֮󣬰ռߵ֮⣬Ҳ֪һûа߹Ǹ߶ϡ
ŵ濴Χ֮ŭգǰЩֲ˶׾ٵĴ̨ڲ׳֡
˳ֺ飬ҪǱռ˳Ҫˣûа֮˲׳֡
ż俴ŵļ˶Ŀ˵оòᡣ
õĵؽ֮ڣѾţֱ۸ܣûʳ¾á
ţȥѵѵŵˣǵˡ
Ƣľǫʵס¾ҪȥѵǸˣȫԼŸոɣ飬Ǹ˺пǲʹߡ
һ̨϶Զ裬Ѿ㹻ˣټϳԲѷҲ㹻þǫ޷
Ȼĺ󡹺͡㡹붼Ҿ¥ӭĶ붼ͷһðգǻ˳ҶĻôľõ档
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25 
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̸ɣͻȻһЩ¡
ȻǴ˽ĵġɣ̨ϵӺһһЩļ䲻֪ԺУٶǰƺһǲ֮ˣҶЩԹӦþǸǲˣרųҶĻġ
ٶˣȻܷ£ҶBЩ⡣
˭֪أɣǳЦһСڣоζǲǿ裬һǸоܴһһȥֱڿҶйصȻβס
ͣƬ̣ɣĿûп̨㵭ǫĶ֣ʮ֮ڣǫذܡ
ͣһڲˮ㱻ҶB֪ǫذܣûеģЦ鿴ˣΪʲôš
ɣ㣬Դһر޹գ۾ҲˣҲû𣿡
˹ȻղҶBЦôһҪԼѵˣȥѻ
Сӿ޸̨֮ܰϵĴ󺺴
֮ȻˣҶB˵ͷϲģһǰԭϲġ
ɣԤϵòʮеĹ򣬾ǫѾ˸ǲٿȥˣҶBֱӴӴ̨֮һԾ±̨
żֻ֮Ҫһ̨ܿϷһУɣһûпȥƺֻǰĳʳܹע⡣
ʵͲȥҲ̨֪µΡ
̨Ϊϳ䶯һĻʹϴڡ
ĿĽֵһһɨɣ˼Ʈٶǰ
Ǹʱ붼δδʢʱ˼еʱڣøոսãǿҲ
˪tҶBϲֹһ㣬ȴһڶˣҪıʽ¼úܹ֪ôпᡣ
ǸʱõĻʽýͷһһǸʱеĳǷھõĻʹУľѡ
ڵķٲʢǴ˪tڴȴ硣
֪֮䣬ɣĿ䵽̨ϵҶBϣ̨ϵ˸պý˸̨ĳķ򿴹ҫһҡ֡
ǸԾҪԼӮˣֹӮ˻ӮƯ
Ŀʱɣв¶ǫ͵Ц⣬૵ķٲʢھǰ˪t㿴𣿡
ֻϧૺѯʣ˻Ӧ
żֻһӵʳܾúܾ֮ǰǸ˵ǵʢ̫ƽʱһɽˮ˼䷱վûܹʵ֡
ֻѾñķʽˡ
飡
һ˷ܵɣ˼ʵУɣ̧ͷȥ㿴ҶBŻ˷ܵǰչ
飬㿴ǲҶ漣
ΥһԼǰչϸֻɨһۣɣ֪˪tĻ
ĻԼǾԲϴ
һμϺɺǰʱ˪tϺһ飬ͻϺɺɺڵÿһϸĻ˳Ψɺڵʮûлȥ
Ϊʱ˵飬㱳̫࣬ϣһЩ
ˣûз·ֺ
Ϻɺʱɣ˵鶼ˣӵкڸǲס˼кܶ޷
֮䣬ƺΡ
㺣ҶBоԼʱ䣬ĺңԶңԶ
Ϊɣһʣӿʼһ̾;ûϲòУʳ֮УǾ˵Ĺϵһ
ֱŷ֣ΪֿѣԷ绹̫Զɣ˽⻹̫٣֪ԷϲʲôϲʲôڶԷԼһɫ
˪tгֵʱɣ˶ǲġ
֣ҶBѾˣǸļǲܵ߱ġ
ǲ֪ɣԺһӾֳһһѪĻ棬˶̲סڲ
ɣĲԾҶB̾ͽɣ£е飬뵽ʲôˣˣȥˣѾˡ
ǰһ죬ɣҹجΣھ˪t֣һ˲뵽һ죬뵽ǸѪĳ


26 
η壬̸֮ɫ䣬ɣɱˣħ٣Ѫ˪tѪ
飬ˡҶBþǫԶһЩɣ֣
ȵĴдĻӣɣܿͻ˹˲һɨ⣬˭棿
վ˺ܾõռſڿӦλӼ£ռϣλһ䣡
̨ռϱôңڲȥ˵ܵˡ
̨ϼ˾ע⵽Сˣ̾ˡ
ǲڣ˶µ⡣
ɣĿ⿴򱻾ǫԶĻռϵչΪˡϺɺ
ѯʣǳĿ϶
̨ϵʱռϾһֱִڡϺɺɼ˵ǷҶB߻ռԼϵƶû⣬һ·ط
ҶB;ǫûǰţռϸʱҲǿͿ
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̨ϵʱռϱòᣬؿ̨ϵһ£ͷѾƤϵѪѾɾ˿δκδܿĿĵ˿ڡ
ϵﵹǱռ̬ׯֻǱմѪ۵ĵطûüԿǱ
δϧԼƣ̬λ̨裬֣ûƬ̵ͷǴʱȴԸ´˰ǡ
ɣʱռϵչӲģҲвչ̡
ǰ˸һֵĸоռгƬ̣šϺɺǵϣҲ¿Ǿʲô⡣
ǲ²׼ʲôռʵλҪʲô˻Ϊִڴ˻
Ȼɣֻ΢΢ҡҡͷǡ
֮ɣóһƿһ裬㽫ƿڵķĩ뱭еݸռϣչ˵òᣬǲ˼ǿˡϺɺҲ߳ĺŵù£ˡ
һ֮ԵռϻԥˣֿʵڲǴ֮ˣֻиݲɣüۼ͸һ˵ұУԥ֮ǽеĲһ
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״ҶB̵ݹȥһӣһڡ
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Ҫ˵ʹռɫѿҧ´ٳ˵
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ҶBɣ黰е֮⣬һԹ۲죬˪tͬʲôϵ
ռҧأеĽ߬ȭͷԸἰǲ¡
Ȼɣͱ˵Ŀ֮£ɿȭͷռҲõĿ󳼣û䣬游һ˱£һȱᱻš
ǸʱռһѣǸʱռֻСϺɺֵǮ游㽫ˣסռС游ҲΪĽᣬ֮游һֱǣպлᣬһҪϺɺٴδ
֮ɣ۾Ȳãȫ˿̵ϲŭ
Ȼ΢ı飬ҶBѾͻǹͱ˵ǿѾͲ١
ɣ黹Ƿеȣ̾һ֮ĩ·ѶΪ֮пԭǣǷˡϺɺҲ棬֮󣬱뿪ɡ
԰գɣָһۼĻռϵǰչ
ȫʱռϾͱǰһĻ𺳵ˣڼ游ڻġϺɺ
ռϣΪ游ûءϺɺϣС
ΪеĽᣬ׺游ССʱ򣬾һֱڸСͶԸֻŨȤִ


27 ִ
ռΪ˸Ͽ붼ˡϺɺƴûܽȥ
ڿϺɺǰչʱռǱǰһĻ𺳵һӿ
ռϵҲһֹס游סܣûܽϺɺȥǵС
˵ж᲻ᵯĴмܹס
ʱ򣬴žƴ֮󣬲ŷԼ΢ʲôˣʲôҲı䲻ˡ
ռ̨ϲҲ˴˪tĻҶB߻֮ԼƶûںΪ˿һۡϺɺȷá
ǱռϵִŴ򶯣ɣվ
ָһͰѻڣ֣صĽռϣ˵Ҷ֪ԼĻ󼸰껹ֿܰѵĺˣֻеο
ҲҶûôȣպҷĻұὫߣռΪƴҾ͵ȫִš
зԼǰռϻǲţ𾪵ҶĻֵǣԸ⽫Ϻɺ£
ɣĿĮҶϣĻͣҲǶϧ֮ˣҵɳȥĻǧţһĳŵ
װڽеĻУǧء
ռŽɣ֣ģռϽٴΣģ߾ȫϺɺΥģҷ𲻵ֻأ
£еصظռϣӦġ
ͻŵþǫһ飬ʶͿ˴˿̿ɣ顣
ܹ绽꣬ײʲô£Ծǫɣ׾ɣ£ռһѵġ
£ɣͷˣպΥԣֻ㣬ϱؽۡ
ϺɺռϼһģαڻУ
뿪ĺ󣬾ǫȥıӰǵɣôˣҶĻֵǣҶ˲٣ôŻȥƥﻳֻ»δܻȥͻᱻ˶ϡ
ɣǳǳһڲˮڻ˷˸ᱻɽ̿赣ġ
ȻǫһռģɣҲûҪĽŻ˰ɣף˵ġ
ˣɣ鷴һյĸԼ裬Ƶ˳˵ͷǰûа㷴Ӧ
ҡ
ɣͣ˺óֽһף¡˷Ľֵϡ
һɧʱɣǳǳЦ˵ȻôЩߣȻҲҪһЩ۵ġ
ֵϵɧңΪ׽ոջ̨ŵòһ˸š
붼룬ɣΪ˻軭
ʱҶB̲סЦȻ飬ÿζ˵Լ飬ÿζӲ飬ʲ
ôһ˵ǫҲЦ
ռɣʱ򣬻ΪǸˣǸղһ֣֮еĮֻı
ɣԼҲЦֻ˳ҶԸ
ռϵϣ˲ִš
ռϵִţȫ
ִأ
ʹ˭ܳȫִţ
֮䣬СѾеĲ˶һӵĺþƺòˣɣĿֻ˼ϡ
ʶɣûмԹ˼Ĳȣ˺ȲҲֻиղŵ㡣
ϲģҶBʳ˵ǰĵԭϲġ
ɣ鵹Ҳûзϣͷ
ҶBԼûз֣ɣϲ֮ԼЦ۾΢΢гһ졣
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ᵽǫʱĹɴ۾ҶBǳǲͿҲǴͷĶ֣ԹⲻңǵſЦǲǣ
ʱɣüһҪɿǹģɽȤˣʹˡ
ʱҶBһɻˣ˻գգ۾޹
ˣֻҪõʱ򣬾ͻϲ׽Ūˣһ£һŻСۡ


28 Ϊ֪
ɣѺڹͷһۣҶBһʱ׼˵ڵĽ˻ȥĳˣǫϲ£ҪԼڼβܹһЩ͵ֺˣպҲ֪Щ˴򲻹Ƶߡ
ȻⲨ;ǫܣɵҶB˵СӣСұţҲʵȥ
֪Լô˵Ҳ˵ҶBǫɴѡ졣
ҶBָɣмһЩˣɣһԣͳԵ˴Ĺ
һڣɣı̾ͱˣֻգᶼֱ˳ܲŤͷһתһ쾹ȻֱӾͰûˡ
ɣľǫؿڣҺûгǰ𣬷Сӡ
ҶBɣ鵹裬һˮƽϢ˺һŰˡ
˶ԺɫӰǴĲȫõСȥ
ʵɣԵļֻһʵϲûôپǫҶBֻǵζѡ
ҶBһŶЦ
ҶBֻоԼҵ´½Զǲʳ˼̻𣬷·һ֮ˣҲôɰʱ
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ЦЦţɣԼҲЦ
ҶBע⵽ɣЦʱϻǳǳľѣ红ͯһɾɰ
ջص붼δϢֱӳ뿪ĺʱɫѾˣĵطûʱٹ䣬԰ɣͻعѰ֮󣬾ֱӻؼˡ
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תһ룬뵽ɣ飬᲻ýôڴͷÿտҲǺõġ
ҶĻ࣬ôķھ͸պһǡǡбɣ飬պôɺϵ
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֣ɣһ£ֱҶBɹڻ
ԭҶ̸Ҫ뿪ҶBͣ˽ŲҶBҾ
ӦҶBһ£񻹻ȥ̫д˴񣬳л̿֡
еѾԣδ⣬ǫСӾ֮һֱδܵлյüСӣȻҪлСӾ֮
ҵҶBǲźۼԱվһޱ̫ӵıԶǣû£Ҳа취õǣ𣿡
ҶBĻֻĿԼɣӦ֪⻹⣬˵һѰһѰƬֹܹǿΪкܶЧֻʹ̲ڸ⣬һ۾죬֪СѰʱûмۣ
ҶBĿжݣҪطҲѪֻҪѪػԪˣһѪβˣʤҩССӦüٴѪǱʶǳˡ
ЩԾǹҶBʶ߬ϵİͼɫȻ̫Ҫ˵ʲô
ݸһЦ⣬ʵ߽һҶBһ£ýܹ˵ֻ䷢СкƵϢ뵽ۺѪˣСӱˣСӦ룬ΪϻôŨϢ
˵ɨһҶBϵĻֱ뿪
ҶҶB㶵վԭأʵ£
ҶBŷӦ̯ʵ׾ҷڹţ֪˻


29 ͼ
Ҷһ佫ЩȤ´ģԿһۣ˺ܾûҡҡͷұͼһܽһ鷨ε֪
룬Ҷƺ뵽һЩҼǵǺܶܶǰһλʶġ
׵ľʶλʶҶB̾׷ȥ
λʶҶһʱҲ벻ԺŬ˼š
ԺͻȻһ棬Ҷ϶ʱ򣬵ʱףǵò̫ˣͻ˺أ˻֮뿪ˣϡǵø׶𾴣ʲôģȸ׻ʸ׾֪ˡ
ˡҶBҡҡͷѾȷľɣ飬ԭµʱɣѾԼߡ
׳˵ԼӳʼСϣÿֻҪԵǻһ飬ÿζоա
ǻҪŲȥʱ漣һĺԼ˶Ϊɱӵġ
룬ɲɱϺһֱ֪±ڲ漣
ղһÿһʱɣÿһθʱõĲʲô鵤ҩԼѪƬ
һƬǵۣһ۾ա
ôΡ
ɣϲʳһҶBȥĺ˼ʳѰ
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һԺһһҶƮں룬ӭɫתҾݡ
صˮϣ͡
ɣ
˵ߵȻɣİѳұɣ鲻ͬ紫еѪ飬ĺɣҲͬ
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ʱɣᵽ˪tʱ飬ҶBܲζһֱڻ﹣š
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30 
Ҷ֮£ɣ黹ǸоҶBʹ죬ô벻ԼǵСڣʲôطʹ졣
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31 
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32 Ѱ
ӽСѰȻԴ
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33 س
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ҶB˶٣ֵߣ鲻ҷĻסѰ飿
ɣ鵹ҲûоܾͷƵСѰʱŻӭ
ҶBɾ˷ˣһ߰ɣ鰤øҿɾˣ鳤úÿһԷͲҰͷϣһЩ˼𣿡
ʲô˼
ɣ˫峺ȫͿҶBиӵ㺣ÿÿҶBʱںֺΡ
ÿ飬ҶBþòƽеһһȫ޷ơ
ĵ޽Ǳ΢ңϡ
ҶBֽ޽Ǹƽŷ֣޽ǸҵԼġ
ȵɣܾͣãҶB᲻÷֣ͳỺ飬һǸ֮ǰǲڵȵ˾ң
룬˵ܳܳ㾿˶ãʱ䳤Уһر࣬رܣǸһҲ˵ȴ
֪ΪΣɣǳǳЦ峺ĿһȵģҲҵ
оͣԼϵһɣ㽫ץģƤһ档
ûµģѪģɣϰ˱䣬ȴҲ̰ůů¶ȣԸϲҶBȵԼġ
ҲƼҶBһ˲ʧ񣬿ƲĽţҵȵ㣬ʱ䲻ҵ
Ʋһ仰׾͸ƽҶBеʧ䣬ůķ
еֱҶBֻ£һ𣬽š
һΣҶBһ뷨ʹ̺̣ܶܶһ˵ֻǶ̶һ˲Ҳݵȥǰ
Ķ̶һ˲ԼһΣ
ϵ¶ޣֻҪҪҶBҲů˫ֻ֣ůһС
ҶBֵ΢⣬ɣ鿴Ĳϸպ֡
֣ҶB֪ʣⶺŪɣЦ˵ҵ࣬ķ˵֣
ɣҶ꣬ôҲ˵ֵĸоôҲ˵ǰˣɴ಻ȥᣬţСӵҪڹѰȤ˼ңһҹ鲻ӵ𣿡
˼ҡ


34 ʧ
ʱҶB˵һ죬û뵽ɣ黹ˣĺʱһΣְѾ˶ˡ
ҶB֣յýҺʱ㣿Ѿ˵ﴫھ飬˼ҽơ
˼ҡɣʣжʱýЦ㣬ȷʵ˼ҡ
⽫βϵúܳһ˿ζˣЩҺϺүЩ飬ôҵǱСӳһСӲ˼һ常
ʱҶBһ׽֯Цôǳˣ
ɣž⣬òУ˼һǧ꣬Сһ常Ϸܵġ
ǹȥˣҶB常һǽв
ֻ붺һҶBɣҲþգЦôұһ˵Ҳˣ
ҶB̾һε龹Ҳѧڿˡ
ɣ鵹ɷµСӣȻҪѧü֡
ҹɫ谵ںüҹ齫յһҶBУҹҲûɣ˫
ӻ붼˳̺壬аħٸҿһֱ붼о̫ƽ˼䰲֡
붼˵˼䰲ѣƫƫ֮ոո֮ʣŵľӾͲܵѰ
ǫϲżӣԼǱһ档
ȻһѰҼˣƽﲻ嶼ûй䣬ɼ¶͵Ѱˡ
ѰŵʱɣҶBû˯ѡ
ҶBһ˲;ѣٶȴµ￪š
вż£ǫȫû⵽ΪʲôҶBţʱΪλڹѰС
Ŵţǫͼųȥæʵɣأ
ûȫ˯ѵɣһ£شʵ컹ûʲôҪ£Ҫʱ
϶Ҫ£ǫһ·иɬ˵˻ƣ˴ˣǣһҹ֮ʧ
һҹʧɣ˲ˣһҹʧʵ棬ϸ˵˵
ֽ˲ˮǫǲˮھǫֻÿһƬԭ͸ɬĺһۡ
ʲô
̵ľǫֱϵˮȥŻһЩǺĲˮٲҺһڡ
ǫӦôҶBҲǳǳһڣֻǳһڣоɬ̣Ҳ²豭Ҳ
˵ķӦɣʱֽ֪ݵʲô裬Ȼͷ±вˮʱȴûκηӦ
˺ܵȻͣҶĲ裬ľʲô㳢ʲôӴʱΪǵżȻľ
ʱҶBΪԼɬЩ飬Ƴһɣ飬ϣûпԼ
ǫûʲôҶݲ裬֮˵߾˰Ӽ߾ʧҲһҹʧǺԤʧҸ׾ǡ
ǫôżΪУʧҲ׶༪١
֮ҶBüͷǵһҹʧֻаȥһơ
а飬ҶBͲԹۣһ㣬ɣ˵ͷһȥҲҪʲôħô͡
ʧһûоħȻǵħ
ʱſڳһϤϢɣ鲻üƳſһһɫ۵Ӿͱһǿ˽
ѾӶڵϣɣ鿴Ҳһۣ
̫ɣ鶪ڵϣգĬĬӵȥ·ϵĳһЦóԲò
ڰ׷ӣɣһһһ˿˿͵ζ
ɫӷŵϣ߾һҹʧӦħΪǵѨɽؽ磬ԽзЭȻǿ󣬵СΪϡ
ǫڹѰ֪ɣѾ֪˱߾ǵ飬ٶ˵ʲôֻһ
ȻɣֻĮټˣűģ𣿡
΢΢ͷܿͷɣ΢΢Ц磬ðһȥҲܰһæ
ңɣ䳰δĴڱһ̫ӵµĸԼñá
ɣĵ⣬˵ǺڲأȻȫЩ£ɣֵһЦ֮


35  
֮΢Ĺϵ ǫĬĬҶBķŲŲýʣ̫ǲг𣿡
ҶB̯̯֣޹ʾԼҲ˵塣
һɣĿɨһۣ Ӵˣ ݵҲӦˣ ̫ӻߣ ű𣿡
иһ˿Σ 죬 Ҫ˵Щʲôȫʻ˶СΣӱء
ѣ ɣ鲢ûзϣĿƳſڣζԲ
̤Ѱһ˲䣬 ҶBĴ
ҶСӣرϺǱҪʱ ֻܻһ
ҶBɻſڿȥ ȻѾӰ ͬʱԺҲһھӡԺС
̫ڽԼô
ҶBɫ֣ɣеСôˣ
Ӧ֮ ҶBɻı飬 Сûʲô Ǹо̫ƺҲͦ顣
Ȼһ⻰ɣͱ΢õĸоǣңֻҰƤ
赭д˵ԼԸĹ
뵽ɣ˵Ĺ֪֮ĶԹһһϦ㲻ἰȻ߾Ƿ£Ǿȥ߾ɡ
ԶԶԣǫСһͷʶסɣһǣӦûƼŹȥ᲻һ㣿
ǫɣʱҶBӶҪھǫϣ̾ǰѾǫ˵ͺú˵
ͻȻľǫһãȻʮֲĿĹĵҶBֻĪ͵Ƽʲôᣬܷɰ
˵ֱ׳ҶBӲˣѾǫһߣҪУҲܴ㣬ͱˡ
ǰˣɣ۵ҲһĨЦ⣬һӣʱѾվƶϡ
ǧǴ붼߾Ҳ˼ʱ䡣
ƶ֮ϣ˿Կ߾һƬߣԭǳصλñһƪĵء
ǳһҹʧǿŵԡ
ҶBüͷɣʵ飬㿴ʲô𣿡
һƬУɣ鿴һƬڵħƣϢϤˡ
ħѹһ۱ܹϳ
ʱɣأħѹǧħ
ħƵ֣ǲףҶBħңʦԲؼҪдˡ
ɣ̽̽һ˿ħͲָϡ
ֻһ˿ϸħɣ׾͸飬صҲ̫ùܣȵĳţ취
ľǻݣ˿ػݵľҶ
ħɳǳ֮еĻôһĿпܾǻݡ
ɣһһͨ鷳ԴֱҶĲϡ
ƾճڲϣΪһսĽ죬Ҷķǳǿû˭һ˲ʱ䣬Ƚе**̹ȥ
ҶٶٿҲ첻ɣ飬**ֵһ̣ɣ׳һס**ڰС
ҶʹҲ޷**ǰһ磬Ҫֵʱ򣬲ŷ˫Ҳȫˣε˫ֺ**һ
ȵԱߵɳɢȥҶſµˣʱɱ֮Ҳȥ
оҶϵɱ֮ûˣɣŽߣЩԽ·ӦһЩٲҪһ
ǰˣҶɴ۾˼飬̾ɣʮȥˣղģ
겻ꡣ
ɣһֱһҡʮǰҶӣ޲ͬ
ף
ҶBĳȥһӵסҶ˵òС
ɽ꣬ѾܾûмҶˡ
ҶҲοĴЦˣҲӲ˲٣ãã
ǫҲڵʱҶʱͲµ˵⣬˷ܵɫأǫֶ⣬ϷѾµƲӪ̸
Ӫ֮ǰɣ̧ͷһգɫأзųɡϻϿգɡһϣݣŨħ赲ڻ֮⡣
ӪڣҶֱӿżɽɫ࣬Ǻ͵һҹʧ飬ҲյϢǱڣҲʧ٣˲˵̽飬ǡ
ȫȥ޻أѶûҶ˵꣬ɣֱ˵˳


36  
ʧ ݽǣݺֻһľǻݡ
ǰѶ֪ ġ
Ҷʧεĵͷ û Щ˳ Ҳ˲Ϊ͵ʿȥ̽ ȥȫûϢ һǰ붼
ҶΪɹǹʦ̫û뵽ɣܹ֣ڴͶɣ顣
ʮǰɣξҶˮ֮УҶУ ɣͨ󣬾ûڲƽ顣
ɣҶĿ⣬ͷƫһߣ ңҲûа취ЩħҲմȾ
ɣ鶼üֵĶ ֪жôֲˡ
뵽Ͽգմħ֮ɣص飬 ҶB΢ʧĴ СૣҲĶѵûбİ취𣿡
ʧɣУɣԥƬ̣ ǵҲûбİ취
˶٣ ɣǣ ݣݶڵѨɽأҰѷ峤йԡ
˵ɣʹһϸŷӡǡ
ٶȺܿ죬˲͵Էϡ
ɣ֮յķӦȴɢˣ峤ûյ
ãˡ
ʱɣӵ
ܿҲͷӦˣһҹ֮ʧŨصħûӰ쵽磬嶼ûзӦֻ˵֮˱֮ˣ˽ӡǣǷң΢ˡ
һ˼֮ɣ黹Ǵһ
ҶBӡ죬ʲôɣͽ͵ɽŷ񡣡
ԿɣʱĲ鲻ԸҶB̽ʵӣƺϵ
ɣ鵹Ҳϣ봹εһȫӪڣ淢ʲôҪ
˵ţصҶBر㣬ǧҪ֡
䣬һϮ
оϢĿɣ˲ʧ˼ǰ
汻ĳְҲûд֮ʣæ㵽Ӫڡ
ټְҶBһɻʵְСٲȥҩѵ˺ˣ
ְһţĨһѶͷ麹εҿǵ˴ùˣҩĵؽ磬ͣҲΨһҺа񡣡
ǲŸյҩȣһС̫ӣ̾ͰȫڰҴ޷ǾǺʾ˵Ǽ棬ٲҪһ
ɣ飬˫ǳְܹʱﻹǳְ
ɣղŵıϣҶBҲܹɣ鲢Ը𣬵Ϊ»߼ɵĻһЩ˵ĸ
֮һһЩԨԴ
ڣɣȥ֮˫ûжִ
֮£ɣֳȴݶһƬ°ڶûб紵
ĳ˫ۣȴӰ峾Żֳֿȸȵ
ҽңȻŭɣ飬ûɣϵЩ̫ңҲʹ𣿡
ԷڣɣȴûҪֵ˼ƽ㲢붯֣ҪҲҵĶ֣΢ˣҪæ
һò˼ˣ䳰ɣܱۣ棬֮仹㲻㲻𣿻Ҫæ
ڴǰȻǲµġɣ͵ЦԵЩͣƬ֮󣬲żͣħǧǰѹħ
ħһٳʼǰӡǧǰѹħ
ɣһѺȣУ֣صûһħ֪ǹħ񲻶࣬룬ѾմЩණʲôӵģԵѨɽֻܰһˡ
ɣ̹ȻӣǸӾ֪Ӧһ
кǲüõʵǿˣҲϲˣϴѨɽҾȥ
ϴ
ɣЦһ޴ΪʲôҪϴ΢Ҳ㿴ųģϵѨɽǰǰңǲԸȥǾˡ
㣡΢ŭ毺õ΢΢졣
ÿһμɣ飬ٲҪòᡣ
ɣȴûҪ˼ſȸָ⿩֨֨죬ҧ㻹֪ǧˣ񡭡
֣ɣ޷ƽԼƽӣһڵѡҵڴһ٣һ١


37 һƷ 
֣ ɣʹαװܿ
ͬʱԼҲĿһʹ
˵һǧ ˰ٲˡ
Ӧ޻˵ ŭһ˦֣ ˸˦ɣ飬 ӲŭѨɽȥ ͵飬 Ҳκˣɣ飬²Ϊ
䣬ʧǰ ɣͷȴǳǳЦ΢С磬 лл
˦ˣȫһ
ѾܱˣٱͻȻ˦ ȫκġ
ɣͿһˣһӰˣ ̧Ӫȥ
̧ͥκԴ һӪڣһԼʦҲڣ̾Ϳʼ߿ʦ֣ ǻˣ 㶼֪ ЩһȫԵòС
⻰֮󣬳ְʶ̧͵͵һߵɣ飬룬ԵģҲǰλˡ
ɣ鿴һѾȬʮģͥܺãѾָҪ
Ѿʶɣֲɱͥʶ˺㵽ҶBȥ
ȻҶBĹ۲죬ȥҩ֮ǰԻǸСȻһʱ䣬ʱѾǸͤͤŮ
Ƕɽٳɹ֮ӡ
ҶBһֻĵУ˵ûеҪӦ׽ٶɽٵʱڣѪ
ҶBı仯ɣ̽͵ǰˣմѪĲݣʱʶ壬ԺЩΪǣֱܹΣһֱˡ
챾ǸƢͿҶB˳㣬࿴Ѿܲˡ
뿪䣬Ȼ̾뵽ղ㱻ɣߣ̱졣
ɣĿʮɨһ£˺ˣߣ
ɣ麰ʮ϶һ£˫ĿǰɨһȦȻҲ㵽ҶBȥС˵ǸͥģҴϺŪҾ͸˵ˣҶ绹ûء
˵Żִ˴ҶBҶBɻһ£ʱӦȻҲǣͥɽӲɽǷЩǣԼˡ
ҶB֮ɣı̾ͻ˲٣ƳһʮģԱ㡣
˵ֱ֮ӷ뿪ҶBΪԼǵ˶Է̱׷ȥ
ɣߣͥ̾ĿʮģţҿҾ˸Դ㣬Ҿûʲô¡
ͥлԼʮĸӲ룬ڻҪԼһ㣬ʮҲɰʦҪҪԼƺģĻȥʦ˵˵
ȻԼʦ£ͥһʱԶԣֻںȲ衣
ҶBΪɣ鸺ߣȻȥֻ֮ɣڿԺԿ޲õĻ
Ӫжɳأֻ˼ÿ¶޵Ļ䡣
ɣͿЩض졣
飬Щ⣿ҶB߽Сʵ
ɣ΢΢ҡҡͷһƷȳʪĵطݳѩ׷ɣʺһƷ
ǡɣͣƬ̣˵ǵÿεʱƺܿһƷ죬δע⵽ȻǣһҹûȴһƷ졣
³ضйŹ֣ŹֵľЩ޵һƷ죬ͬѪһ޺죬ԶԶȥһƬѪ
ɣ̽ǰһƷ죬ȴûзκεֵĵط
Ȼ̽޹ɣҲȥ֣һƬߵı߾֮ǣȻݣѾܾöûˡ
һԼݣڼǰǸʱߵˣ˪t
ҶźӪڵļˣȻɣһ˿ηǵϲˮĵطϷҵһϲ
һӪʲԶʵͲҶ·ɣҲ֪ʲôط
ΪǴɣŪ
ҶѾںߴСҲ÷
ʱ÷ʱڣǻݳѩ׷ɣҪҵ÷ҲҪһۡ
ɣһ÷ҶлҲΪүˣʮˣǵϲϲ÷
ҶˬһЦЦɣϷһҵĶˣϲãϷȻǡ
ҧһ÷ɬζ̾ӿɣ鱻СҪšһ
ҶB״ֱɣ֣ҧһڵ÷˳ιԼ
ɬζҶBֱܲˣɣЦһʣ°ŸˣҶBЦǰЩСŵζΪСϲɬ÷


38 ϲ 
÷ɬ ҶBʵܲˣҡͷⶫ÷Ȥֱӳʵ޷ڡ
ǿɣһʼᵽ⣬ٳ÷ûʲôӦ ȻӦɬ
ʱҶBɻҼǵϲʳ
ɣһ÷ҧһڣ ˭˵ϲ Ͳܳ
˵ҶBһü С֪Ҿѣ Ҫƹң Ϊ
ΪҶBɣ飬ϰҪȥҧ÷
ȻŸտһֻں潫½ס
̾Լײ ɣһҵĹˣǳḡ
û һͱԼ䣺㣬㵽ɽУ㵹ã ʱ䳤ˣԽܹ
ҶBСǸܹ ֻǸһЩѡ
ɣ㱻Ϻүѵ ɣ鷴ģСӿˣ˼ҿǳ
˵ţ ҧһ÷ Ҷ үҲʶ꣬һͬ˵УһͬظǹĽ飬Ƚүȳ֮Ӵ˱ֵܣΣ
飬Ҷ֮á
ɣȴƳҶBЦȻϺүӦˣСӻȽһ常
ʱҶBۿɼڳ飬Ȼڿ飬ĵĲѾдϡ
˵Ŀɣ飬鵱Ҫ常
ǶȤһȻҶBļƽһɣԵ֪꣬ǷҲҶ常
ʱɣǰϵζ÷ᣬϵ÷ҶҲҵ˼ңҲҵﲻߡ
ֿʼˡ
ҶBָ̾Ȼεǲֻôһ㣿ôڻǵãȻҵģȴûж֣Լҵģһ
ʱɣ鹴ǣֱ׳һҪˣСΣСӻǸ߿ˣۿûСӱȻô󣬶۸СƵģЩ飬ǵøá
ɣûпЦʵССܼǵõ鲻࣬ȫŲµĹǺǸһÿһҳݵС£Ҳǰ֡
ɣӺڰ׷䣬ȴ΢⣬۽һ룬ÿÿȥҶBʧ
顭ҶB죬ǻǽߵĻ˻ȥ̾飬֪
˺ܾãûнеĻ˵֮˵֮常
һ̣ɣƺҶBиӵ㺣ȥϸ롣
̾ƫͷȥڨڨЦҲЦˣСӵˡ
ܵĶҶB÷ʧ䣬ΪԼĵʧ䣬ܿЦԲҶԹϲø׼ǵôڿɻǵúϲʲô
ҶBͻȻתԼҶһʱ仹δӦɣ鷴ȻشСӿζأϲҾƣϲʳ㡣
˵꣬ɣԴǳǳЦʣСӣҿ˵˼֣
ʱҶBҲһ㶣ȫû뵽ɣ֪ôЦһ˵ģһ㶼ûдҵ֪ԭ˺͵֮⣬ҵϲöǵô
뵽˻ҶBᣬɣ̾ͽ͵ҾǼ㣬ֻǡ
ֻʲôɣԼҲ˵ֻһֱҶBſţΣյʱĬĬˣ˵ʱĸˡ
ֻһݡ
Щɣ鲻֪ô˵ڡ
û˻Ե޹ʵĶһôãοҶBɽ֮ǰȫûмɣ飬Ӳʶô˵Ĵڡ
ɣ齫ͼøҶҶʱʱУκԨԴ
˿ҶBѾԼ뷨ԸǸȥ룬ֻɽǿʼ
ע⵽ҶҲɻĿɣ飬ҶBŲŲһ£ԼͷɣһЩĵסҶеĿ⡣
ЦҾʹȥһĺһΣͼסϲʲôɵúܣҲסϲʳ
٬ģҶȥֽ̾ҶBѵḡģѧģ
ѵҶBӣڨڨ⻹ѧ𣿡
٬ģͱҶͷһǡ
ʱԭƽ޲ĺһˡ
ҶBʶסɣܿˮ


39  
˰̫ ɣԾӿ죬Ϊ˲ҶBæƿܿԷ ƽ ˮ޷ СӷӦδеˡ
Խ˱ܿ ҶBԽںķӦ 䲻Ծʱ ҶBϲȴûеơ
ˮбĳְڵϰҶB׵ְߣ̾СôǱ
֮ĳְӵ һ¾Լ·ŪɣࣺС̫ӡ
Ҫ߿һ 뵽ɣ黹һԣְ̾Ͳټ˵ȥˡ
ʮܹôԵȫΪϺ ɲǰ˵κʮĵĲǡ
ֹɣƳһۣ Сʮģ ϲɺûбʾڣͱ˵˵ʲôȤ£
ʱְֱһù ʮģ ʮһ ;ĵط
鰧ְʵ˵СС̫ӣֻΪС̫ӱˣвʹ죬ɿСǰС̫ӵۣͱС̫ӴӪж˳
ʱʮҪɣߣҪͥУȻͥɣѾͷҲֻܶСӡ
ȥҲֻгְʰˣԳְ˵ùˡ
ҲʵίίְҲûطȥЩϼһɲΪʮ۸Ȼۡ
Ǳӣɣ鷴İЦȻ´鷳ֱӴȥģԲְ
Ȼ⻰˵˺û˵һæְҲʮĵĶ֣ҪֻԼķݡ
ְĬĬһĬĬվҶBȥǿˣֻҪҶBߣǻỤһЩġ
յɣƺϲȤˣҶBܾʲôطֵֹġ
ϸ۲֮£ŷ֣ɣƽϲȣǽȻȴֻϡ
ϸһҲѷɣȵϸ΢Ĳ
ԭдȤֻΪ˱ֳԼһɵģ
зɣżƳһգҶB֮̾ɣ־ٵĵطߡ
ɣһʱɻȴû˦֣ȵԶ֮ʵСӷٶǾˣǵС𣿡
ߵһ࣬ȷҶ˿ĵطҶBͣ½Ųɣ֣Ҫȥ̽ɣ
ɣʱ̾ͳԼ֣˺
СʲôúõҪ̽ϢлţɣԵòȻ
ҶB̧ͷסһգͺУܹоڽ֮ײħǵݵİɡķҵ鱻ɡ
ɣ̾ͽԼ˫ֱ󣬴˿˫ȷʵǶ뱻ҶBɵһʲô˲õ飬ҲһЩħѣҹһָܻ
ʱҶBǰȥǿӲҰ黤
Ȼɣٴλرܣ㿪ҶBĿ⣬СҵԵħʱ˵㡣
һɣںŪҶB൱ԵҴѲɷʱ޷Ƶ֮Ա˵ߵˡ
ÿԿʱ򣬶ѡԱչء
֮䣬ҶBо˱㺣׷ʵÿÿҪ̽Ϣ߰ʱҪֲܿһֻǵұ𣿻бԭ򣿡
ҶBһһƽƵɣ鱳һ޷ƣε̫ѣһ޷һ£鴦رܣҲ֪ĵط㻹˶٣
˶飬ɣԼ˵壬ҲҪ˵ҶB˫ۣ赭дкöö࣬һ仰˵壬Ҳʲô£ȰСӻǱ̫档
۾̫̫Ĺ£ҶB˫ֻۣҪ飬ȫ棬鲻˵ûϵֻҪ㻹߾ͺã鲻뿪Ķ𣿡
˵һֻж̶̵ļʮ꣬ǰ⼸ʮ꣬ҶBûʲôرִŵ뷨Դ֮ҶBͿʼ룬߶
ҶBԼʱҪʱԺԥĻش
ڣɣȴͷܻش
ΪɣԼҲ֪ǷԶҶB
ɣԼҲûʲôԶ춼ȷǸʱԼҲʧ˰ɡ


40 ƻ 
ɣ鴹ͷ ҶBĿҲҿ
״ҶB̾һֻҪԵ飬 ܻرԼĿ⡣
ҶBֹסɢڼͷ˿ 棬 װĻرܵˣ зӺŪң Լͺá
ǰҶB˿ û˿ӦһȴֽԼ˿ЩĮ̫ǻᵹùġ
һɣˣ ɽͲӦͣ
һ˲䣬ҶBͻȻһֲõԤС
ȻһɣǰһƳ̣ ɣڶҶBҶBĸȥˡ
飬㾿ʲôҶB߬ȭͷ еĵȴһҲûмٰ֡
ɣͻȻ뿪ʵӱܣ ӵ˻һƫԶݣ ݼªȻѾܾûסȴԵõţ⿪޺һƷ졣
طɣѾܾúܾûˣ ֻоһƷ컹һ޺졣
΢ĴϢɣ飬 ʱɫȻ һԵڲŵ˸ק˳ڻһԡ
һڵϵǸհѳְˣһٵʮģ֪Ϊܵطˡ
û뵽ɣôͷԼʮһ£ӵСôˣ粻ǺҶСһ𣿡
ʱɣʮᵽҶBⷴʵŶҸúͬһ
ʮľͱɣϢסˣ̲ס˸ҡֻǾøҶСӺر𣬺ںǸˣǰ˼Ϊ˪tڻҶСˡ
ԭʮĶҶBںôҶB˿϶Ҳио
ʱɣӰûˣվԼһʱ˽
մȾħǿңɣ˫Ŀ䣬ʮģﲻĵطصӪȥ
ʮɣصӪҪ߸ߣʱϲ񣬵ǲ뿪𣿡
ʱɣе֣ѾֹסھҲͿҪѹƲסһ˱˻ԣѲҪҰ㶪ȥ
ѾоɣûʮϲӦţزأظ綯֣ʮԼ
ʮ֮ɣ鳹һǰάֳԭ͡
ͷ˿ָף˫Ҳָ˵ɫͷҲֳ׵ǣӡ
˫֣żīڵħ̾һˡЩѲĶҪķһˡ
ħѲֻЩħϵɷԨԴǳЩħ˵Ӱǡ
ħӰ£겻ѣǰ޵ĴƬ컨÷꣬˦һ𣬽ƬĻȫմ
ǿ̫ˣϲ̫޵Ķ
ƬĽ޻䱻ɣоȻо̼˷ܣɫҲѪ졣
쳣ĸоʶΣյźţħ֮ѲΪħģɱԡ
ѣһҪѣ
ɣץһ֦ľԼֱϣʹƬ̵ѣɱ¾Ѫȡ
˿ɣУһȫѪһƬҧڣ½罫Լڽ֮ڡ
ΪʲôҪίԼǲм㣬ˡ
ĵһֱһ޷ѹֵɣڹƻ

죡ٴεóѣҶ֮²ٷڶΣᣡɣǳһھУס궯ɷ
зסɷʱһɺҲӿĺϺ϶һ˪
Ȼĵ׹ƻûͣΪԼˣ֪ħ⣬αǵóأɱȥس˭Ҳӣ
Ҵɷɣ鼸ҪƲס
ҶҶ
ﲻ֣ͣǰ·𿴼һغںѪۣʬ顣
ֻ֣ЩѪȲĳʹʹҲҧȥƬ̵ѡ
㡭ٳ
ּᶨһ˪ѾȫɣѪ˫ۡ

ݵش߾ŴĮǲ˫óײ٣ԼʹǱҲַǷ
ҶBʧĽֵϣԺ붼ƻһҹߵĽֵϣúܸ˺˷ܡ
ߵˣȻ˵Цȴܸоѹ̫¡


41 Ҷ 
鰡˵ǣ ǧУ㶼ʲôΪܸоҾôԶôԶ
ҶB֮Ĺ ŷ֣ ɣ˵䣬 ƺľͽԼһС
ɣԣ һһӿʼûƭԼһΣ ȴʲô
ʧ֮䣬 йһ¥˵Уһ֡˪t
֣ҶB̳ž¥ȥ
¥ﳣ˵˵Ÿֹºͻ
Ϊ˪tĹ£ҶB̤˾¥У ¥ż˳֡
ҶB̧ͷһȻͥУ˷ܵĳֺʦ֣ 
ǾȻҲҶB̧žߡ
Ÿ£ 㿴ʮĵԲ˫ڿͲѡˡдˡ
ҶBɻʵϺС̫ôң ǵС̫ˣ
ʮ˫ֱǰ ⻰ӦŶԣղҼҸ鲻ãǲǵҸˣ
ˣģ
ɣںͻȻ뿪 ҶB֪ȥ ʮ ʱż
Ȼʮ۾һŲ粻㣬ҵȻ˵ԼǵˣȻҪƾʵȥҡ
ʦֱ䳰ȷͥһʮģѵϺС̫ӾͲú˵𣿲֪ģʦôң
ô󣬳ɣ֮⣬ʮĻûôƹοԷǸˡ
ʮ̵ɻȥݺݵˣ㻹ңСүô˵𣿡
ۿ˾ҪְһԴԲʮĵ˵С̫ӱ
ʮĲˬĵһ۳ְְһԼǲҪʲôطȥ
ڽʮãûˣͷ±оҲͲټƽϣһֻ֧ϳͷƵҸڴǻصʵأ뵽ˡ
ˡ֣ҶBʣˣҶ˪t𣿡
ʮЦŵ˵ͷȻָ˵˵ɱʲôϵҲ֪Ҳͼ˪tΣһҸɺһ˼䣬Ҳ棬˵飬ͽˡ
ʱҶBְɻְСƺ˾˾ƹƣֻҪСٵ˾һ飬ܲ鵽𣿡
ʱְ̯̯֣źС̫ҵ˾ˣ˾ûκι˪t˲
ʱְҶBɨһۣС˾ҲûҶСӵ֡
˾˾ûб˾¼ֻ˵˼䡣
ʮҲûϵҶB֣˾ڣ֮£Ҫȥ̽ҶBĻǡ
ȻսӴҶB壬ͱһϱ˻
һ̽ʧܣʮ֣ȴ죺Ҹ绹ǰ㻤úúõģ̽Ļᶼ˵ҲҸִ˾ĨǲЩϼһݵĻᡣ
ʮһƳ˺üۣʵ벻ͨΪʲôɣһһ˻š
Ҫ֪ɣ鱣ˣʮ֪ǵɣ鲻˵ʱ򣬾ֱӶˣŲú˵ڡ
¥µ˵ˣʱ˵ŹҶĹ¡
Ҳᵽ
˵ҶżΪһΪѰĻÿÿʱͻǰ
Ǹʱǰڣǰʵۻ޶ȣøʵ۽ҸͶһ֮̽ʱ˪tȡ
Ӵ˪t˸ʵ۵ұۣǸʵߵңɹƷ˻޶ȵǰ
ȻҳƽǲϣúʹĮĳͻϣս´Įöк̸˼ǴĮʹ
ĮʹǿҸƽںټϵʱõʱڴУŵòһó⡣
ĮҪ̽ʵͼ̲ʱ˪t֮´ô󺵣ͬʱҲѴĮıҡС
ˣ
˵˵֮ն᷿һ룬˵˵ϡ
᷿ڴһŭ𣺡˵Ķʲô£˵
˵޶˶˱ңȴ飬Ϊ˴Ķǳеλ֮ˣﲻ˵ֻǸ
ýζʮģ֮Ϊãƿ˭¡
ֻ˵Ǹ˵˵¥˵飬Ӻڲףɲҵʲôٹˡ
˪tĹ»û꣬ҶB˵˺صǸҶĹ˵úܺã˵
˳Χ˵˱㿪ʼʰ壬Ҫȥֶ᷿һյŭվסպ˵˪tĻ


42 ʦ 
յҵ˵ʱ һյֱֱҵ᷿֮ڡ
ʮ̽ӣžȻ˱ҪţŶ᷿ĸôţ㲻ϲͱھ¥ţ Сү£ Сүﶼϲ㣡
ԷҲûܹƣ һҴ۵ 󿪴ţ ֱʮƵôĿ һƫ˵ҵҪõĹүʲô£
ϤŵĿҶBܸо
ߵǸ붼µˣ ǲʿ鿰
ɣ˵ǲ˪tйڣ˵˵ĻҲдС
鿰棬 ǵõʹߣصĮһֱǵ衣
һ鿰̵ͷ ҶB̲סЦһҵʱ˭ԭ붼°ܽʿɫ԰ף ֪֮ ӻָûУ
붼ʱɣ齵ףһӦռϵԡ
һ
ȻǸ鿰һѵ
ʮһˣ ԭǱԼֳѵˣ ô˵Լˡ
ҶBݵ£ 鿰ȻǲõģӲŭ붼ĹӸ¶˱߾˴Įʹ뻵˴Įõİ갲
˼ʮĲŲ⣬ﲻм˼̹Сүʲô£Сүֻ֪㻵Сүˣô򣡡
ʮĸҪ֣ͱҶBסˣҶBҲôװݣ鿰õʹȫص˹ʵأֻʿã᲻ãδһȥһɥ֮ȮΪιܲã
˶֮ҶBãǴĮʹõ˵˵ʲôǲǹܵÿһЩ
סʮĲƲƲ죬СϻôʲôֱӴ˲ˣ
ʵҶBǲ붯֣ǾûбҪ
΢΢ҡҡͷСǺʹ죬ǻӰ飬ǻݣĮĵ̣Ȼʰ
ʮ룬ñʰԼʹ죬СӣҲﶯ֣˪tĻһŵĳСӴһ١
˵ֹ鿰бǲãҪڣͱʮһ˿ڣ̫ˣӰСү£
ʮĲֹǷ鿰Ŀڣ˽ֹ᷿ȫҲԼʱ£ٴδԼˡ
Щʮı㳯˵֣˵ģСү˵˵˪t
˳ִ󷽣˵˲ƵĴͣ˵˺ܿ˷ŵľգ񣬿ʼ˵Ĺ˪tĹ¡
˵վֻǴţֻ֪˪tԭֻһĻʦΪһѰʵĻ
˸ʵ߸ѫ׿Խ˼סֻ
ѰϺɺͼ
ÿһǼֵǡ
ȻȴڵλߣȨʢʱʧˡ
˴˵Ҳ˵˻Եȥˣ˵תô֮͹ɰȥˡ
֮˪tٳԣ˭Ҳ֪˪tȥʲôط
ȻҶB֪дԶģ˪tûкɣҲû𻯳ɣĸ١
ڵƻϣɣдµġԸ
ڵһˣһҪˣǸ˻᲻˪t
˵ĻվֻǴ˵˵ҲһЩ˽֪Ĺ£ҶBʧĴ˵ˡ
֮ĹΣɣʲôҲֻ֪ɣ
ɣĿ⣬ҶBһֲĸо
ʧ˼֮ʣҶBȻ뵽̾ͿʮģʵʮģС߳м
ʮķ߶֣ҡҡͷҪûǴĻǰѾˣʱҵ١
ʮ룬ֳ֪ɸȥҲ˵һЩ˵ֳ󡣡
ɣҲ˵ķϰ֣黭ԴһˣԭǸˣǼ
ʲôʲͥвֵ˵ĺӣʲô֪Ҳֻᴳ
ʱʮһݺݵ͵˹ȥŹ˵С̫ӣ˭û˭ô˵ʱݺвСӣҪǿСү˹ķϣСүͰгƬˡ
ͥһ쳣Ҫ֪ôûãƢ󣬵ʱ͸ʲôںɹɶ˭ã


43  
ҶB֪ԼʦҲǸӣ ʮĸǸƢ˴һﲻסҲ֮⡣
ʱĶǼ˪t£û̫˼ϣۿžҪ֣ ҶBѵҪֵĻ ɱھ¥ ȥҸտĵطһܣ ٻˡ
УʮĲм͵ ʲôöֵģ СүһצӾֱӰ͵ظͶ̥ȥСүצӡ
ʮָ棬񲻶ҶBϴת˵ СүҲֳв˺ܶ£ǧ˼ģ˴˵е ǰ˪tǵ
ǣ
ʱͥ̾ЦǻҪлл ʦֵɵ˰
Ÿ˵꣬ʮľһ˹ȥ ڿлһ вҪǲͶǼһһ죬ǾͰ㡣
˵ţʮĿһҶB׽ӵɫ ĵ˪tǲ֪٣ Ҳûصļ¼ ֪˭
ʮĻû˵˭ְȻشʱƺᵽš
˻ʮģֵһ۳ְְ˲ŲŲɫ㵽ͥ
ʮļû˵ƺǼõѣҲʹֳ飬ǷȫտڲᣬܴܲʳʲôͿıˡ
ʱְðһͷС˵ʵɣҸоħһԿ֡
ò˵ҶBзǣһЩǵҹദѾħһ£Ҳ֪Ĺ
ҪħҪ֪ħʲô
ȻʮȻҲģȴѾϰߣҲǼֳħǵӣʱüľֳָ֦ǡ
ʱҾͺܺʹ㣬ǷȴʲôԸ˵ڷڵѨɽ֪Ҳȥ˵Ѩɽڶڡ
˵˺û˵һҶB̾һʮʵȻǶڣȸģҵŸҪմħҵ
ҶBʮĵ춯˶ȴûκ
е֣ʱԼ׹һƬޡ
ΧһƬûûйâֻڣŶĵѪȶζ
ʲôط
ҶBһɻ˿Ӧھ¥кʮĻͥһŶԡ
ʱһƬڰУһߣ΢ĹվһӰ
˴һˮīǸŵ硣
飿
΢΢ſڷǳĿںһȴκλӦ
Ҷ˪t
ҶBĵһӦǣ˪t
˪tǧŵҶ
ֱ˪tһҶBŷ֣Ǹ˵ȷǵһʡ
һĺУѾ޾Ĳ֮⣬֮ˣһУܶ˪t֮顣
İͼΪ顣
û巢ʲôǰѾɢͻǿ⣬ʵֵһǰĹâ
žʮĲ䣺ҶСӣôˣֳʲôطôûзӦĻ㣿
ҶBʶղŵһжǻþ
þ˪tеɣ飬ûпɣ顣
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ˣҶBüͷʮٴʵղû壬˵ģ
ڸղҶBû壬ʮĸɴֱӻһͼ˾ϲһһէܰҸٴ
ҶBͼճ¥ӭͿ˱붼̫ӵº̫
һ£ҶBڻڻǸûʲôɫ
ҪƵУߵǰȥ·ס
ʱ붼ΧҲûг֮ˣûбҪ˵ҶBֱûú붼̫ӣʲô
ϵҶBʲôɫ⣬ҶBҶСӲؽţ޶⣬ֻҶСӰæ
˿ҶBɣ飬ļٿû
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ǰİʶҪżס衣
Ƿ˴˭Ҳֲ˺ò˵꼰㣬һ²һ£ԼϵпЦһҶСӿͣһҶСӶҵ


44 ɡ 
һ£ ҶBһֱڻϴʱļ٣ǽ̫ӵĲӣŵм£ ûպ Ҫٸţ Ϻ̫ӣ ڵ̫ӣ ݹҲ
ҶBºͣ ٻŭ壬ɼʱĶŭ
մӾ¥ľǫʶһûҶBŭ ɲʱȥӡ
ʮĿ˶ˣһЦʮ˲ϳ
ŵ ʮǰסҶBǰŭҶBʲô
̫Ӷˣ ҶBûаֺøУȥ· ˵ʲô
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ʮĵԴοЦ̫ûмСʮˣСʮĶ˲٣Ϊ㣿
һӺۿʮҡҡͷ̾۾ᶼȥ
ûаѲ㱻ϳϺ˵رĵûΪңڰãҾͷˡ
֮ɣҶBһҲû鿴˳̫ҪҹҲţǿɱ棬ҲûҪ棬ҵ·
ʱʮȻӦæˣ㻹ǱһܺãҲ뿴֮ǰгͻ
һʮģðٴסҶBȥ·ҶBҶСȱߣҴݣΪ
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ͣסŲҶB˲սгŭźڲصŭΪ붼ʱ˵̫㾿ʲô
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ĽҰ񶼺ҶBûƬ̵ֱʣ֪ģȫҡ
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кѣʮ̾ԼͰһڰɡ֧֮һ硣
ʱҶBϣܽķɡ㵱
䣬ҶBѾ˱Ŀڵۣסݵİɡ
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ʱҶBɡϸŵħҶBʹ˺üζûа취ħ
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ȻˣüͷһأڲýʮģһʮģѪһá
ѪػԪˣʮĻǺԥͱƳ˵ɫѪҺ׸
ͬʱҶB֣ҶBҲʺѪһͬĨڰɡϡ
ѪɷҶBѪЧһ֮֮ɢ˰ɡħ
ɡħȫһҶBкܶܶĹȥĹȥûȨ㣬ֻ˵ڵ壬֪ʲôۻģϵİɡԭ
õ屾ʹɷѾͬ꣬ҪɷҪȽĽᣬĹԴǵĸмڰɡѾջأȥۣܹۿĹȥ
ʹҶBܵɣ飬ҶB̲סһ䣺ǣôֲʲô㣿
ҲգЦдһ˿εĶˣҪֲҲˣҲ֪һʲôһԺȷĸ㣬պΪ˾бҪĻһԥɱ㡣
˵ɶƽ˵ƽлһȴǳ档


45  
ʹûȫ˼ ־ҶBǵսɡϣΪ飬ΪһǸеֵ
˵ҶBӰʧǰ
ʮĸͼֽ ҶB̾͸ϵɽеݡ
Χһ ȫ޷Խڣ ˸޷
磬 ȫȫһ
ҶBŰɡ ϻɣۣ ݵĽͬ裬׾ͽڡ
ƿݵţһƬ谵¹ܹпǽһŵССӰ ͷͷССǡ
һ̣ӡҶBԺʵĻ潥 ССӡ
ͷССǣͷ׵ͷβĵطǺÿĵɫ ҲǸɾ峺ǳɫ۽»޵һѪ롣
ɣ飬 ˭
˿Ѿһı Ȼһˣܱǽϣذϣ Ҳȫ˽һ㱡İ˪
һ̤ݵһ̣ ҶBоԼ·˺µļڡ
һĻ ҶBֻоһĺݺһײײߵǽǱߣůڻ㡣
飬飬ѡ
ҶBԼ֪˿̵
顭顭һһϵĺ˿̽ĵ˼¶š
ȵ㣬˯еɣȻ˫ۣѪֻŨصɱ⡣
۵һ˲䣬ɣ·ŵһŨصѪζһֱѹֲȥѪͷ
һ˲䣬ɣӱĵذһѽҶBڵϣűצҶBŶȥ
飡
ǧһ֮ʣҶBɣ֡
һɣƬ̵ǡ
Ҷɣʶһ
ǿǰ֮˺ɣһʧ䣬һѽҶBӵƣҧôˣߣ
ʱҶBô˱뿪ߣһǰסɣðź֣øߣ飬ұΪԲˡ
ȵĸоɣ鲻ٷ֣ԽԽŨѪζ
Ѫ˺ǰ˵壬Ѫʵĸо
ɱ¾˺١
ԽԽƵͷԺи֣ɣæ֣ƿţߣ߰ٲߣĻ˺㡭
ɣ˻УҶBԺͻȻһģĻ档
ضʬ壬ȫǰ
ֹ֮˵İƺɣİ
֪Ϊʲô˾ԺлЩ棬ֱܷ壬ɣǸʱһǺʹ࣬
ͬɣ˿̵ķӦһڽ߾ȫѹڵ궯Ѫɱ
ԺͻȻֵĻ棬ҶBһƬ磬һʱûзӦ
ɣԺеɱԽԽأҪƲסɺ۾һ˿ζ߰£Һ»㣬Ҳܡ
ɣĺ£ǰһҿ¶ȵҶBͻŵʵѪζ
ҪѪҲȵѪҺʵĸо
Ҳָо
ʬ飬ǰѪҺĳǸֵĻ䣬ҲԽԽ
ȻҲҶBҲףɣҪߣֻҪԼڿĸо
Ҫѹơ
ҶBٴǰһץס֣Լ˵ҵѪƺҲɢħţѪҵ壬ҲҵѪѹħ
еɣӺݺݲԼڵĿ꣬ҪȴôҲѡ
֣ţԼԿƣߣҲ֮һο鲻ȫʬ塭
ʹǱڻɣ˪ɲӣĸоʹһҶBĸоı䡣
еɣûжȥұϢѾסľжѣûҶBƿ
оеϢԽԽҶBͷһֻ˪ۿɼٶɣӡ
ҶBͫײϷŴҧɣΪԼûң㾹Ȼˣ
Ȼûϵɣô
תһ룬ɣ鶼ΪһҪǣһͷ
֪ĺܶʱһƬһƬƬ**һһεķѪҩôˣҲǲô
飬ԼݣȻˣ
ҶBһҧɣϣԼҲɣԸԸ⣬ֱι


46  
Ѫ֮ѪֻԽԽ ɣ鱻ҶBιԼѪʶȴһЩҲ˲١
Żе˰˲٣ҶBһѽ˺ᱧ ŵڵϣ ñӰ˹á
ҶB˼̿ Ӷů ɾůϲϽ˪ɣ顣
̿Ȼõģ ҶBɴֱӰڻУ Լȥ˪Ҳůӡ
̫ɽһƬڰֻм̼¹£ ɣҶBĸоϵ¶ȣů
ҵѪģѪôûã ӱġɣ˵̫ͣһʱ˯ȥĸо
һƬڰ ҶBɣӣĶһɣ飬 飬 ɱ˯ȥҪ˯ֻ䡣
šɣӦһô䣬 ô˯ 㻹ǵáǧġ𣿡
ƣ ġӯ꾣š
ҶBǧġ֪ΪǧһرĸоôҲ˵
ǧġÿһҶBʵξһЩ
еĻ棬ԺйճۼǸŤֽдÿ֣ҲǸʮֲԸͷı飬ȴƳˡ
ԺеģһһһһЦ鶯ʵ
ģƣֻԸ˿̻֮˴ྶͥ
һ֮󣬾ɣʣǧġǼĵһƪ𣿡
ɣصǣҵдһƪǧġʵдһҾȫǵˣƭ˵һǲдͻٽһһ顣
ȻǸʵξУúϰֵĵƤ꣬ɣ顣
ǰҺȥҶBҲ֪ɣᣬǸһɣҪ˼ǣǵһһΡ
ԽʱԽǻҶBٴɣĵĻ䣬Žɽһμʱʱ˵ԵʵҲôġ
ҳһΣϢһҶģǸǶĵʱǲ˵Ե
˵꣬ҶBԳһɣ飺ôֻ߳ҲһӮƫƫÿζҪӮһӡ
ʱɣȴС˵Ӯңֻ㲻ǵˣҺþҲѧᣬ壬䣬ǲǺܱ
飿ҶBҡɣһ£ʶģȻͷһ¹ܿɫӵȷѣһѣ˯
ɣ鿿ҶBůůĸо뿪š
ԺӣʶѾģˣ֮ҹɣȴ̹ǣҶBҲ
̼̿Ҳûˣɣȴӱ䣬ڵ͸֧£ҶBֻܸɣ鱧øϣܹɣůһЩ
߱£ҶBӿһһȵһĴɣ飬ûô䡣
ůůĸоӿɣһ㣬̧ͷҶBںҹпòһǸ𣿡
ҶBǹôģҲɣ˵ʲôֻҪɣһЩûʲôԡ
硭ɣֻһʵԼ棬ԼԼڵҺǿ󣬵ǸҲǰСˣҳǶĴħͷ
Ҳ֪ɣŻѾûʶҶBֻɣ鱧øůһЩ
֪ɣʶģ壬ҶB붺һ˭㻹𣿡
ʱɣͻȻȥҶBԼҶBôоɢȥһЩְ֮ɣסˣЩ𣿡
Ƭ֮ɣ黺ش㻹ǱǰѲ
һˣҶBʣǰ˵ңļ磿
ɣ黺ǰ㣬ҶʵǾǰ㲻ΪһʼԸΪںܾ֮ǰǾʶһǾѣ֪һס
˴ǰУҶBﻹǻǵúʱ龰нϰֵһһΣǰҲᵭ
ԭһֱļҶԼǰ
νһʣǳҲط꣬ʵǴδֿǰɣʼնߡ


47  
ֲѪȥħ ɣľܹ֮ħкѡ
ħк⽥ȥɣʶѣʱϤ ̻ҹ飬 ĿҶB԰׵ɫ ŵǼķ ʲô
оɣҪԼ ҶBٴս ڻУ𶯣㺮δ
ɣﻹʲôδţ ڵܲסǹͣ£
ɣ˵ҶBԼҲо оԼһĳߣͷֺÿһƤʱᱻŵըһ
ǼҲûҪͣ˽ţ ܹоԷ Ƚ ɣʱÿһ¶ҶB͡
Ȼɣ黹ҪҶBͣ
һֱФʱ˾ԼУ ͻȻҶBҲ̲ס ͷס˱Ĵ꣬ ٵڱǼ⡣
˲䣬ɣݺݽסԺһƬհףֻдůĴʵ޷ӡ
ȵӦʱץҶB½ӿ޷ƣ΢΢ͷƫһЩʵ㡭ɻѣ
˵ʱĴҶB޵ĴϵԽԽŨأһӵС
Ȼû̿𣬿ǹԼԴԴϵӿڣڵ¶Ҳߡ
ҶBѹֳֻһССռ䡣
˵Ķҹڵϡ
ҹ΢ĹâУҶBɣ۽Ƿ죬ĵɫһ㱡
оɣԼӿҶB̲סḧ۽ʺѪ룬ĺ黬ӣɣϣҶB飬ʧػиܺõĽ
ޡ
䣬ȵĴоһθ
ϵĺһ㱻ˣİĸоɣоϲƵħɷĵײͣЪĹƻ
ͬһҶۣˮƯ޴䣬Ψǰ֮Ψһп֮
ֻ֪彥ůʹ屾ѪҲϲĸо
ʱȴ̰ůҪõů⣬ҪԷҲҪöԷմȾԼϵ㣬໥֯塣
壬ֲ
˴ѵ֪ϦʱʶҲ磬ֻн֯ϢʵС
Ҳ֪ʱʼʶ粻ѣҹ΢Ĺӵ˯ȥ
˯УҶBоĿڴӿһůǹůڻ޸˵ľ
ǹůϤɣɣۣۻʱԶΪˡ
ξУҶBٴοʬŨصѪζʵ
ֹѪζ͸ĺ⻹ɱ֮Ҳһʵ
ģ
ûеҶBӦһİͰ˹ȥ
תȴɣצ͸Լš
屻˲̴ĸоޱ˺ѵĸо۵ҶB޷
ĸоԼ屻˺ѿһ˲˫ɺɣ顣
ӵɣ飬δеɣгİˣȴû˫ۿնɺ죬ֻʣɱ⡣
Ҫȥɣ˿ȴʲôһָͷѡ
оԼ屻˺ѳƬԭ屻˺ôʹ
˺һʹδȥȻ۾˯ɣ飬ҶBһ
ԭȫξúõ˯ԡ
Ŀ۵ʣҪ˯ҶBȻѡ
ǸξɣΣΪɣΡ
˯еɣüͷȻʹУɣҲȻ
顭顭
ҶBĵҡһ˯еɣ飬ͼجлѡ
ҶBָɣ۾
Ȼѵɣ飬ɫͫг˾֡
ʱҶB쿪۽οţΣ¡
֮ҶBԼǰɣһδˣ˸ƣ۾
һ˿ζҶBȥϽŵİ׷ãú˯
׷õ֮ҶBƣɣţᣬɣ鰲˯
ɣ˯ҶB̽С
ȷϵħѾɢİġ
ֻҲɣԪڣһɷ


48  
ɣͷ۵Ĳħ Ǳصɷ
ٴγ˯ɣ黹һجУصʬ飬ʧȥʶ֮ǰ˪tһ
 ˪tҶB ɣʱѹ
۵Ѿɨɾݣ ɸɾ ȫǿѾõģ
ͷһ ԼҲ룬 ʲô£
ҹеļӿԺУŵһԣӰ 㿪ʼ

нŵɣЬ඼ϣֱ֮ܳˣͲֱѭŲдϢȥˡ
ʱҶBǡһӵ˻ ɣվ⣬һ£ҪЩģ ȥһЩӻɽϻĵúܣ ֻһЩˡ
վǰ ɣŷֵ߰УЩʵξ
ɣվԭأ۽ɷ죬 ˫ǳǳЦ Цαɽң ݺ÷÷Ȼڡ
˪tĹʾӣôݺ÷ȻҲ˪tһͬ¡
˵Ҷǵɣϲ÷δΪɣϲ÷Ϊ÷˪tļ䡣
һ÷Ųµļ䡣
ϲʳ÷̫ɬ˯Ѿͳӻ᲻
ҶBֽɣǣڣЬֳ࣬ȥ˶ϴɾ
ڼɣĿδ뿪ҶBϣҶBȥϴӣվſڿţֻпܰġ
ҶB֪ĵʲôϸİ˵ʱ鲻õģҲһΣͻȻʧֻҪҪҾڡ
šɣ͵͵Ӧһɳƣãҹδɴ
µĲجβجΣĹ
ʵĹجλҪ£ҪԳǧٱ
һʧأɣجΣҹ֣ʲô
һɣجΣҶBףգ˵۷Ѫжʱɣ۲ɢ
һףɣԺ⡣
ΪЩ䣬ɣУӵֺ
ҶBսɣ֣һֽõι鶼ȥˣһ취ڵɷɢ㣬ҵ鲻ʲô˾µֻ飬ɣ顣
ɣ̧ͷ˫ۣɫ΢촽ֹô
ҹַ·ǰ֣ҶBסꡣ
ɣ״΢΢һͷĶԵúǹ˳ҹ¶Ѿɢ
˷ֿ֮ʱɣһ㱡
ҶBָ⸧ʪĺ촽ͳʣһѽеľҶôҹԺҶңǼ
ҹ飬ɣ黹ϸϸ룬ҶBѾ˳ʹϲ˵ҲûԵı¶ǺѾ¶ġ
ӿʱɣһסҶB֣ǿװȻ۶ϣεʲôûпɱ˱˻ԡ
ʱɣ۽Ƿ죬һǹҲûаҶB֮⣬ѵˮǣһ֡
ҶBʲôɣ鶼ûκοܡ
ҶBŪһʱڻݵĽ类ײһѷ죬һɫӰ
ϢɣľѪζˡ
˵ҶBķٸȥ
һѪ۵䵽ҶӪ⣬ɾĲϵˣѪѣһ䣬ϵۻŪɾ
ѾоɣϢվӪһϾҲɣ鿴˵ģ
ǶѪ֮ζеɣ飬ԶŵϵѪԴ԰׵ɫüʵ̶һգʲôħǱˣ
һɣһ̣̰һеĲͲöдϣûǷǳСӣħ΢ʧҪΪ׼һ
һƷ죿
ɣ̾뵽˻ݱؿ޵һƷ죬ͲЩһƷйŹ֣ȴ̽Ź֮
ҡҡͷźҼ˷΢ǻδͱķˣҲ֣δʵ飬Ҳûܰѷ΢
ġ֣ɣ鼸ҧгݣݺݵͲЩ˺Ҳн죡


49  
ɣĻ üڲϧʱ򣬷΢ڱţ飬ڲ֪ǻ
ѨɽϽеϵӡĨ ޷֪˼ǵ
ʱ˼䲢ͬ ֣ ֻǵҲȲˣ һ˵ ʹˣ ֻ·ĵҲˡ
˼һɣصǶû⿪ȥ˺֣ ˺˷ġ
УӪͻȻһʱҪӪ˵֮˸
ʱɣ̾͵Ӫ⣬ סɫ΢һЩţһˣ񲻱غ档
ķӦ⣬ ӺӪ֮ʲôˣŲɵ˼ʱ䣬 ֻΪһ˵Ļ ôǸˣɣ㾿ʲô
ӪȻҶB˪tլ֮ ɣҶBӪ֮ڣ 
ҶBܿ
ԽҪҶBܿ ԽҪǸˡ
ǰӪڵҶBӪڳͺɣһӪ⣬ͿӪڶһЩˣֻ»ŵһڷˡ
ͻȻһİˣһоǺʶãȥ̽һȷݡ
֪֮˿ֿ˿ɣ飬ʮ벻ף΢㾹ȻϽշų𣿡
ɣҲûϵڣҲǲü
Ȼûпǵıһ㣬ȻſòЦݣ򶨵겻𵱳Ҫ겻١
Ŀ׻ͲмȥӦϺ̫ӣһ˵ڣʲôƣ
һһжڱ¼ɣиһ˿ɬȻܿ컹ǻָҵı˵ˣҲţ粻˵
ǺǿǿƿҲ⣬մħմȾħֻ֮µʱ˺ľͲˣ˼
ħѲɣ˵ǸӵѲҲΪ֪һ㣬ɣŻ
ֻû뵽߾Ƿģһ֡
Ϊ̵ķ񶼵ķɣ͸΢˵ѨɽĻɽ
Ȼ΢
֣ɣֱ˺һģɣҲС
Ȼͷ۵ľǣմħ֮ʧأʱɾͲֹѣֻǧǰѪٴγ֡
ͷ֮ʱӪڵҶBѾסˣֱӾʹӪڳվɣߵҲûа취Һһ𵹵ѨɽЩħ϶ûӰ죬Ҳħ
Ǹ߹㣬Ҫ𣿡ɣʶ͵ҶBǰֱվҶBм䣬ûл̽ҶBϢ
̻ζѾԲ
ɣĶҶBֱǰסɣ֣̬ȼҪǰѨɽұһͬǰԼȫ
ȻֻǷ֮ⲻܹɣһΣһ˶ڲ֪Ľ䣬ĬĬػꡣ
ҲǿҶB̬ȣɣԥһεĵ˵ͷ
ʮָ۵˫֣Ŀ絶һɣ飬ŭɶɣסҵԭ򣿷˶̶̼ʮţˣѲΥ
ŭӪڵļȫʮ̽һСԴ͵͵档
Ϥĺӳʱͥжʱ뵽ʳǵľʶ˸СǲҪˣ
ʮҡҡͷһϷģᣬҪǻô˵û˵Դܰˣǲֵġ
ְǲ⣬СʣСţϺƲ֮ƺԹôгӡ
͵ܿͱ֣ɣһ𾢰ʮĸӪڡ
ĳɣȫᣬηκνͣǧǰˣһˡ
ɣ̧ͷѾѺ۵Ľ磬ʮĵĽҲŲ˶á
ʱˣֱĸˣļȻܰѷ΢˵Ѿ˼ɣǴʱ뿪磬Ķ֡
ɣ֪ƢԣȻǰʾǹݵĽѾֲ˶ãҴȥѨɽҲ֪Ҫ೤ʱ䣬ٴڻҪͷŻˡ


50  
ɣ黰ﻰ֮⣬ ׾
ǴǲģɵҪȥѨɽ𣿲Щ
ɣ鿴һ֮ˣĬĬЩϼһԼ֣ ʮŻݣ Ѩɽʧǣ ơ
죬 ǰҪ˵Ļȫȥ Щ¶ĹУ ȫڳһӣĻһûѹ㵽ǰ
ɣͷǳǳЦһ С㻹ĺˣǼڸǰҲ
зӦ ɣҶB뿪˻ݡ
֮Ѿע⵽˻ݣٿŨħݵĽ硣
˽֮󣬴ƬħϮ Щħɽϻħ֪Ũ˶ٱ
Щħӿ ȴɢ
һƬħ֮䣬 ҶBɻô£Щħȫɢˣƺں¡
ħбؿ޵һƷ죬ɣ鿴ЩһƷ죬 ôЩϤ֮У ʲôҲ벻
ҶB ͷ㣬֦Եħҹ㶯ԴѾʼΪһ壬ħɵ㡣
ҶB֪ǹԴѹǹǿǿ弸ܲסȴôº͡
˾ûҵ֣ҳǰͺ͸ʶһʼΪѡ˸׺ĸף
뵽ɣҶĹϵҶBòеһжǰźõġ
ǡɣ黺͵綼ΪѾɢ꣬ڣҲ֪вл䣬Ϊ˲鷳˽ԴĲл굽ظֻδԼѡ已̥ܲĲл֮꣬ٴ֦⻯ĸڳΪµ
ħߣħĸӦɣ˳ħŨĵطȥ
ŨħУ˿ʧǳء
֮ڣһǣͿǺʬ壬ÿʬ϶һƷ죬Խ޺Ļ䣬ʬ׾ԽǸɿݵÿ¡
Щ߶һƷϡ
ȻһƷ죬ħΪ壬ý
ΣҶBֻôĿģ˺ݺݴ˺ͺѲǵ飬ȫˣ
£ǽ֮һֻ֣ץסҶBĽס
˵ͷȥһϳһƷķˣѾڵʹ಻ץҶBץһ
ֻڴһˣǿϣץҶBĽףźȾҡҲɹ
˿
ҶBҪεϵһƷ죬ȴ㿪ˣ˿˵ûõģε˻ٳһĸ壬**ǵѪ⡣
ҶB̽ڣŷѾħʴ־ͼѪڣ޷γ
ѪΪϣɥĲ񣡡
һ֮ҶBҧԼָѪ뷲ڣƵħҲָγ
ûһƷļ˻ָҶB˸ǺͻȫΪħȥݣﻹǰȫġ
˵һֽڷϣԷֱֽͻػݡ
ҶBͼɣٴλԼʱסƵİգ֦죬ҲڣҪѷĸǡ
ߣһ·ϿĶǳһƷĸʬҲֻиղķˡ
ϰ˱ʬɣ飬龰ôĿġ
鲻һǱһƷѪҲ֪ڻжٻˡ
˵֮䣬ɣѾԼʶǾ̽飬֪жٻ
̽һ֮֮źϧˣֵ̫֮٣ۼһطϢӦЩˣš
ѹֿʱûпȣԭŻŵ顣
Ϊ򲻹ģûܽǴħѡ
ŵʲôλҶBʣҲǰ취ȻҪȥǣһһЩ
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̤ǿʼľѾ֪ǵ٣ⶪһˣΪ˸ǻлˣΪȥ̽黹жٻȻ뵤Ѩɽﳲ
λεơ


51 ﳲ 
ҶBǺܲ⣬ ʵƺԷͲֱܹĨӡܿѨɽ ƺҲ򵥡
šɣӦһ ش Ƿ΢ֶӣ һη峤֮ӣ Թţ ǧǰڷ΢ķһɲ֪ڸġ
ܿóɣ˿޲ûصǧǰ ĸʬΡ
ѾӦ˷ĵƣɣҲֱӾʹҶBѨɽϡ
ﳲȫǿܣ ǱħƵķˡ
һЩܣɣ鴦࣬׾ʹ˷ﳲ֮ڡ
ڷﳲڣ ˲ûмģ׾ڷ΢޵˷΢
΢ֻǱһţ Ҳûֹ һж˳͸Ź졣
һɣ׾پնϣסſſµķ΢ ŷַ΢Ѿ⣬ ʹûҲӲѨɽ
Լˣ ĹùãľȻ˺֡
յķ峤һˡ
ʱȻţȴһ˿Ǳӡ
֮󣬷΢ۣǰɣ飬鲻ԽЦܿȴֵǵôˣȫħ뿪
ɣһЩ忪΢ס˼ң˵˵ġ
˿̷΢ɫѿ㶼˷ﳲȻֵģӳȥ֪ȥȻͻĿģ㡣
Ŷɣе΢ϲӵͦ󣬲֪飬ǸǰҲ±˺ˣôңѲǧǰĶԹ
ոճѧͷӡ΢վЩӣ̾һԹǧǰĶԹֻΪǵ£³ɺһɣЩԴķծ
΢ᵽծʱɣһͷˮʶһԵҶBۿɼżˡ
ʱҶBӺ棬΢ʵ΢峤黹ծ
΢ע⵽ɣ߻һˣɣ鿴ճžͺܲһ
һ΢ζǳЦ֪ɣȻ⣬ЩϼһгɼССɶ𶼰ݵ£Ľѡ
ǧǰиСɻޤĽɣٳ϶ξǾͱ·ȥ˻
̸ɣĺ£΢ͷɲС˵΢ȴȥҲ֪ôʶ⻨ޤǰޤ֪ζԺĵΪԽŹ֣Ҵûз쳣һħ
ɣӴ٣ûзϹ
ڷ΢˵һΣҲȫûӡҶB͵ʲôɻȫǵãһƷ쵹Щӡ󣬺ǰʧʱݱضһƷ졣
š΢ӦţǾͶˣޤһƷ죬˼Ϊ׼ħҪޤҺ綼Ķ֣Ҳ㱨ԲŹ糷˹ҵ֡
ԭǸ壬ѹô׾ҵЩķô׾ʹﳲô׾ͼ˷΢ûм֡
ߣɣЦһǺõΪһħұǿԴ󡣡
ǲǿԴԲ֪ˣڷﳲ΢޵𣬿˷޷жϷںδ
˲ŸոշӦһ͸ĽѾǸס
֣ɣҧһΪСӳӲˣҲӲ˸ͱа壬û뵽Ǹͷڹ꣬Ȼ㰵һףΪܰѱס
Ǻǡε͵ЦһȻ˵ţȻǿķסȻǲ
ǵͣƬ̣Ҫı£ҪһЩȱЩ˶á
ǧǰɣؼʱ򣬾Ѿ˺ѹһΣԷĵȻ֪סɣ飬ڹ˴ħ
ħӰ£ɣƿ֣ʱֻҲ־ˣ͸˵ҪսˣԼѱ
˵Ҫ˺ˣɣұ⣬˵ľδָ˿̱Ϣ鸡մȾЩħδѾԺиոճŵֿʼ궯ˡ
ע⵽ɣ۾ʼ˸ɺʱҶBһֻס󣬽Żδϵ˿ڣѪţ飬ѡڣʧأ


52 ƿ 
ҶB߶Ѫ֮£ ڷɣϢɢ
֮аħˡ
ڷɣ֮£ڻǵħۿɼٶɢ
ɣĵǹһֱڽҲȥһʱĻ㱣 ˶վס ҶBķԵȥ
Żָķ΢״ǰ 
΢üͷ ǵã ɷɣӰԽԽˣ ֻʧǡ
º͵ɣ龭תֱϢȶҶBƽᣬҲǣ ɣܰĿ꣬ȻҲа취ܰɷˡ
ʱҶBע⵽ʼշ΢ĳƺ һֱΪʵһֱ峤֪Ǽת
š΢ͷӦ ֮ǰ֪ˣɣң Ҳµģ һֱصúܺãҲ֪ҲѲµ
֮ɣں޼ ǰҿ߸һʦʱ ʱͲһ ܹɣܴ֮سôɣҲػԿĵһۣ֪
Żɣ۵Դ΢ɹȥֻ񻰶࣬ܲͣ㣿
Է΢˵ɣ֪ʲôǿҲٵĺܶѹֺԷ΢ʱԲκεαװ
ϣҶBܸоԱԴϢһϣȷֵϢȷʵľ
ڱԴĹҶBȥ֪֣ܲȥ֡
ûҵֵӡںδɣѾ͵Ǽ죬񶼣ǧǰ˺٣ڵǱģʹвдıԴ֮ҲƲˡ
˵֮䣬ոջɣѾٳɡȥ֮ɫͷ޷Զϳɱ֮
ɡɣлһŷ䣬ԶԶȥ
ɣͷȥ΢ð˺֣
ǰǿչ΢÷ὫԼҶBڣûܵɣĳ
ҶBְʮ˵ɣжôǿ󣬶ɣǰչֳӣһֱһĶŵī͡
ֱϵһ̣ǸΪ֮Ϻ
һŭɽ㵹ѨɽڲѨɽϿյϣײϴڵѨɽϡ
һ춯֮£綼˸Ӧ׷׵̨һ̽ħ֮£ʲô塣
ǣݣӡѾĨɸ޷ھʲô顣
֮£ɣһֱ飬һƬƬƬڵء
˲䣬Ũħӿ
ħʱɣٴνɡҶBͷ΢סúõţȥѷˡ
Լģ
飬ҶB֪ԼﲻæѪܹħϣ㻮Ѫһɣ飬ͷڳʱĽ
ƿʱѨɽڲȻҲиоġ
ĵȻ֪סɣ飬סƬ̣ҲΪԼȡʱ䣬㹻ʱʣѪ
ɣڷ֮ҵʱǸŨħбظɿݵʬס
ʱķѾȫħɫħƱ鲼ȫգ˫ɺֻɱʧʱ
ʱڵϵĸɿݵʬУһֻ֣ץסɣ½һ
ɣͷһѾѪΣǴӺ˻ɣ飺𣿡
˺ܾ֮ŴϳˣǾǫĸ׾
Ѷգ֮ʬҰԤУ׶༪٣ǰɵڵأþеץס°ڣץסһȡ
Ȼɣֻɱˣʲô֮
Ƭ̣ɣҲֻ뵽˸ģԼѪΪ
ǾϵѪѾɣѪôҲ΢΢
ǹɣΪ˶ԭҪֵķľȻ֣ͣһϷһʱ顣
ɣ齫ʯԼѪһιָһ˿֮󣬱סɣ֣ס˿ڣҡͷϷٰ׷
ѾʧѪɣοǡ
֪ˣҪһԡ
ֱס˿ڵһ̣Ųѽʵ


53  
֮ʣ 㱼俴һϮ£ԼǸ˵İºҲ֪ǲǽʱĻþʹʣȥסһ¡
һֱ˵ͷ Ŀգ ϲķ־ȻǸˡ
ܻ֮һ飬 һսɳ Ǵӵڣ ޵ ˹̸ʤ
ôˣҴҼɣ֮һ
ʱҶĪ֮ սɳܲգһֱԼüˡ
üΪԼҪˣÿһζƽգ ΪÿһҪʱ򣬾ͻһ֮ˣȻоա
ʱľ ֪ɣ鲢ǷˣÿܻΪġ
Ȼһ֪ Լûôõˣ Ҫˡ
㽫ٴο£ܸоġ
ɣѪɸ ϿһƷ죬 ЩĻ䲻ʳϵѪ; ٶҲãܶôһ
ɣ黹εͷɳǸңΪ
ʱǸˣһϢд棬ѪûбɣܱҶBȻǾȻɿݣֻƾɣһѪţʹһƷħγҲ췦
ݺݿ˼ԵԽ˵࣬ü
ɣ黹Ҫǰǿ֣ǫ
ɳ߳ƵϺү֮ʣĻԼĶӡ
ֻ֣ɣ֪ǫ룬֣һӡǣ֪ǣңʮǰʶ֮ԵҲֻΪЩģһΪǱ棬ǣؼա
ϵӡǣǸʱ֮ǰµĹھǫļ䣬һؼԲξ
֮ǰ˼ǣ֮ˣؾۣ֣֮ҲһԲ
һؼԲξһ̶ںЦ⡣
֮ǻȥظֻ
ħеЩˣҲڳڣΪʳýѡ
ɣ۸ھϣ˳𣬱Ѫ
һʧɣʹͷ۵ıʹ֮⣬ֻʹ죬ЦԭϺҲΪѹǴ۽ˡ
ú˾ɣվٵУ۵׵ıȥֻʣ޾ɱĵձ̤ƽѨɽҲҪȡ
ȻûпɣɱһͻȻʵȻϺΪһ˵ѹô㻹ǵûޤ𣿻ô𣿡
ɣ΢ƺһƷ컨֡
ħΪ
˿ɣûĺ̸ʲôһôģû֪
ɣûϻһ䣬ֻſЩ˺ˡ
ıһ˲ȫŷĴȥ
ħķŨħȥеͬʱڿն𣬾޴ɫN|ڵѨɽʣͬʱɣɫ档
ͬʱɣҲֳ޴İֱʣN|Ťһ飬ڰɱ
ûãN|ͱһβɨϣڷ֮ҳһ޿ӡ
䵽ϵɣҲûкõȥһѾȾ˰߲Ѫ
ĲŴӾ޿гһѾֱָĺ
һ̷ףǰˣһƬЦվҲҪϣɣҷľǻħ飬ֻҪһղɢһҪ
𣿡ɣЦħҲܰѱôοǳΪħ飬ñΪħĻ𣿡
ԵʱִԲķģɣֻʧΪһֻħ˺ĹùãΪģʱ㻹֪
кβɣкδɺۣ˻ɢ꣬Ҳ벽ħΪҲΪ벽ħڵΪβΪ˻ޤ֮
ɺ˫۵ɣ飬ʵ¸Ҫ˵Ĺ񣬺պܸ鹩ޤĿĲǺһ𣿡
ƷĲĺʺѪ˳ŽһһȾ
ʹ÷Ƭ̵ѣϵħȴԽԽ࣬Ȼʴĵǡ
ʱɣʲôͬ벽ħȴܱǣֻΪ֮ʱİ֮Ϊ


54 ħƹ 
ʬĿģ ɣĿɨسһƷʬҪɱҲ֪Ļ Բ 
һ֮ ɣҪ²Ҳ٣ Ƿ۱ɢΪ Ҳɢ겻޲ɣ Ҫ黹еѨɽһڷΪǷ˻ʲô
ɣһһһһȫڷС
òΪʹһ㣬Ժȫǻ֡
ޤĽǧ꣬ ҲΪһɱΪҲΪ㣬ֶǲסɣ飬 һ
ĵķ߷߲ƽɣû⣬ֻЩϧ ᵽɣԺеһӡģļһЩ顣
һ Ҫô˵ ǼһЩ飬ǿɲʲô£ɽһƷ죬 Ӧһѻոɾ
һƬ 죬 µĻ£ѪĻ䣬ɣ뵽ǰ
ǰʧ֮ǰҲѪĳһƷ죬ħơ
ǧδʧعΨһΣݿһƷ죬֮һƷ飬δ֪һ˿ħһһµĻȻ󡭡
Ȼ˷ʲôֻǵ֮ʬûһʬ
ǸʱҲǿ˱صһƷ졣
ô֪ΪʲôǰԼʧˡ
ЩһƷ쳤һѪУǵĻǣɣͻһѻոɾЩһƷ졣
ȻոɾЩһƷ죬ɣĿŷģ۵ȫɱ⣺ڻ֪ڸģǧǰڷ΢ķϣһΣ㲻㲻ýѣȻô뻨һΣ
źıɣУͽŷĵĲʱɣս˱Ҫ˳Ƹɾ˷ĵͷ­
ľ룬ûаֿ־壬аȵЦţɣǷ֮⡣
ɣ飡㻹ǵ𣿡
΢ʱͻȻɣ飬
ɣһĵģѱ䡣
ɣ鿴һһĶº͵˪t
µ𣿻Ҫɱһ𣿡
һּʣ˪tվɣǰ
ƶɣһ²ȥ֡
ҲӮˣʹ֪˪t֪Ƿģɣ黹ǳƬ̡
Ƭ̵ĳɣ˷ĻᣬƬ̵ĳ֮䣬Ľͷƫ˳˱ķΧ֮ڣҲһ˲֮ɣĽҡ
ͿˣΪǸңɣûбħӰ죬ֻҪǸңɣǸħ塣
û˽ҶBѪķֽɣӷֲǰʵá
Ķ˪tģɣţ㻹Ҫɱһ𣿡
ֹǷĵĵѹƲס궯ճϵļƬɣԺн
ֲʱĳвдеĻ棬һнӵ֮ʱ˪tģķĲϱƽɢźıָԼĵطЦɣ飬ְһ
ǰ˪tǻѪۣһҹĳ·ٴγ֣Ͽɣ黹бѾ޷ģ֡
֮٣ڷ˷ĵ⣬һƽɣһֱڵء
īһħɣڣĶڵϣǰһ̻ڽָԼˣЦЦϺǿҲʧۣͲ޼᲻ݣֻʺһֻɱ¾ıʺĹߡ
ǹħʴɣʶ˫𽥻ɢȻѾԼĻþС
Ŀɢ͵飬վħһ󷨣֮ɣϿգס
ۿ󷨽ɣ𽥵⣬ڴ૵һϺȵʮǳص飬׼ޤһ⣬׼Ϊҵıɱ磬ҲΪѩޣġ
󷨲ѹӽɣʱԶһѪ֮ϡ
ľĲõ󷨱ҶBѪ֮
΢ҶBһ·嵽ۣ֮ڸϵüʱĵδɡ
һҶBʹӷ΢һԾ£ɣǰ˫Ŀɢɣ黤ߵѪڷγ󷨣Χڷ
ҶBһߴ߶ֽһȻħڹƻģܹٿħϺϺħײٿأ


55  
΢һվһ飬 ҪԸԼվ벢ûź˵ҵĺùùãҪһ Ϊʲôܺú ҪһԸңǲ˰
ʱ ΢ֻʣ޾ʧ ˣǧǰ治ɣ㣡ģ ˣ
ڷĵĿ֮£ һڱƵķѾΧסԼˣѾһܣ΢ԷĽһҲѾ顣
ӷ΢У ѾľµҲ⣬ЦùΨһ˵ģ Ȼ㲻ҰҲɿܣ 㻹ҵĺùùá
޿ɾҩ΢ʧ͸ҶBֵܡ
ĽӻƷ վһԹ۲ҶB ôҲֻǸˣȴֲƷˡ
ļһķָֽĨһĺѪ
ѪԼ־ͱˣ ֪̾Եɣ ͷҶB ָӳɫ˿ߣǣſڵصɣ飬ͻȻЦԭǼûϳʧˣһݴ񣡡
䣬˿ǣŵɣʰϱҶB˹
ȻղŵδɣɷħѾɣڣֻҪĿǹħҲ൱ڲٿɣ顣
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ҶBΪһԼʱȴǰһͣ
ѾʧǣɣȻ޷֡
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ûϵڱƵɣ黹ǵòˡ
ҲҶBжĸ飬ͻȻָ뷨ЦŶҶBɣ˽飬ΨִˣϲʱĿ㻹뿴ǰ˪t
ò˵ħĺóƻģ̽ĸ顣
ҶBȷʵǺ˪tĴڣҲɣĿҪ͸һ˼ˡ
ȻЩҪˡ
ĽͣǰһĵطֻҪٿһͻ̴ţҶBȴûа㺦£ҲûΪɣĻ˰벽
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˵ҶBʶ̫ѣɣҲʶɿ֣Ҳ˵ڵء
ɣ֮䣬ҶBһնǣĺɫ˿ߣһ§ס˳δϵ˿һѪ˴˹ȥ
ѪɣͻɢѲ٣ǻָǡ
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дѪζɣ̧ĨһѴʺȵѪҺ˻Ƶúõ㲻Ҳߣǡ
ȷɣȷʵѹҶBһҲߣĹƶħôܷԼӦԣֻԼˣĬĬңڻһһΡ
ʹʶѾѹԺйƻħڣɣ֪ЩԴڷģ˫ĿɺŷģҰǼһ˺ˣǳ
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Ȼ²Щʱ򣬷΢һſܣ滹һʱпܻķģΧħڷپ£ԷĻкС
ԼУɣڿһУĴȥ
֮ǰĴзѾˣħƵ£ôһĹƾѾϣٶҲ˺ܶ࣬ɣı½Ƕû
ҪħΪһķģֹٶȿ˺ܹܶ࣬̽е
ڶɣıкʱţôˣҪڼһ죬˲ڵһ죬Ҫˣͻزôѡ
Ѿһεɣ֪ڷôϻȻʱ䣬и鷳ںǡ
Ϊڶű֮ʱ˳ħƵɣƻ߽࣬ǳ׵֪֮ʲôǲʱյ㹶ϣʱֻô룿
ÿһ䶼ɣʹȥ˵ۿҶBĵж֮󣬱׳һѪճڷϣɣ麰ף
ҶBɣ˫۷죬һ״˳ѪڵķֱڷϣϮȥֱѷĸڲԫϱ֮ϣá


56 ħ 
ıס֮ ƵЩҲ׷ʧȥжһȫڵϡ
ʱ򣬱ħֵĵѨɽϿշ䣬Ѩɽڲ ɽѣ 
ɣ飬 
Ѩɽɽ֮䣬 ǲŷӦһ󷨣 ԵѨɽΪ¯󷨡
Ĳ󷨣 ֹΪԼΪ
֮Ǵ߶ĵ׵ɱɱʱҲɱ֮ʱʱѪΪ ɽҰһƷ졣
ˣɣֵѪ; ҪǿûޤǸˣɣ鳹׳ħʱ ôҲҪΪˡ
о´صĲбڶϱϷЦķģ ΢ֻоһ
ˣ׷ˣ
Լǧĺӣ 񳹵׷˸ӣ΢ֻޱĺ
ĵÿһЦڷ΢С
ڣ ΢ǲΡΡʰϵһ ԶҶBҧ Ѫһã
ҶB״˿̷΢⣬ԥԼģĺѪ΢ķ˦ȥ
ϢѪմ΢ԥ֮
౻̴ĽʣһȻڴЦţЦַ񣺡ùã˽ҡ
΢۾ȥʱĵ飬ֻв
ǷȴںŹаЦùΪɱҾû㿴󷨾Ҫˣùúܿͻˣ
ħ⣬³ҶB֮أȫħƣоħĸš
֮زݣǹùǧڽ̵ɽմùߣ
ԱϷ΢һɢĻǡ
һ˿Ϣ΢ɢĵҲţ
ɢ֮ǰڷڵһ˿ɫħȴ˲ɣڡ
ǲħı塣
һ˿壬ǳϤ𣺡Сּˡ
ɣɫÿ£ҧ粻ûܰӡź
һ䣬һԼڣ˲Ϻۿɼ˪
ƳҶBеĹУɣֻЦһû£һ֮һа취ԸΪ˹Ҫ󷨲С
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ɣŰǱ˪ȴۿɼٶӣϵħȴӣҲħơ
顭ҶBסɣֽ֣ȵ̾ͽϵı˪Ҫһ
ѾŲסˣٳǿҶBӹϵİһãҴȥ
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䣬ȵĸоѾĴ꣬ζӿ
ҶBǺᣬȴſһѪůůĸоȫϵı˪ѹסһֱԺн
һֱϵħȥҶBԽɿȻҲֻ΢΢ֿһЩ˵֮䴽껹ᴥ
ָɣǷգҶB鲻ĵĻҲ֪ʲôֻ֪һҪһһ˿ʶд棬ͻڵҶBд壬ֻںһ㡣
ˣǵסҵļ䣬֮Ҳһļ䣬һļ䣬˵Ӧòѡ
ɵӡɣЦһСôӽǰˣҳȥ
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ҶB԰ѰɡջأҲֻΪɣϣɣֱðǽԼУȫ֮⡣
ħӿŨļطڣڵλãҶBܿ󷨡
ѨɽǺ͵ݶ֮ڣҪƻƳȻѾˣǷ΢ҲΪħĲϳħơ
Ҫƻ߳Ѩɽֻ»û߳ȥ΢ɣѾܲסħŶʧء
ҶBҲû룬ٴ԰ģѪĴһͼ
ǵ֮ǰһھڹؼʱɵó
ûھԴһҹ䶯ԴǸھԺо͸ӵ
ֱȷǸھʹ


57  
ŨħԵѨɽΪģ סѨɽΧǡ
ȻѨɽڵĳǳأϵӡѾĨħֲϴ񶼡
񶼵ɿҲֻΪϺָʲô飬 δ⡣
Ψлн绤ţ ħûܹʴݾڡ
һ㱻Ѻ۵Ľ磬 вԶѨɽϿգ Ũħء
ǲֹ ԴɣȥѨɽ ʮľһֱںڵգвѺ۵Ľ磬һֲԤס
ҲһʱŵѨɽϿûзɹ ħʣĶֱӾ뿪Ѩɽȥ
ΨΪ ۽϶Ѻۣʼ治ɫݲȡ
ħײ֮ǺĽ绹֧顣
Ѿڽ֮²һ󷨣ܹʱ飬 Ҳֻʱ
ѨɽϿħŨڻʵ޷ ҪֱѨɽϡ
翴 Ҫʱ󷨱ԵǿĪ嶯 Ѩɽϵκ˻ȥˣ ޷æ
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ǰ綼֪Ǽĺѣ֮Ӱ룬ӲΪ֮ʲôܡ
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ǰɢ꣬Ȼǵãδһǹ
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о︴յĿڴ۵߶Լܹȫۼڰϡ
һƿյѨɽֵħ󣬱һƿ


58  
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ڵѨɽϵ󷨣һնɢ󷨻δüϣǼնȥ
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ɣ֦֮ ħԹɢ
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Υ͸Ʋ϶ڵѨɽĴϣ زƺһƷ죬ʱȼһ
޵һƷ죬׷׻ҽ ɢڷи
һ֮ѨɽĿȫǣΨ֮ ľ
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ˣڵѨɽϵҲƳЩ׼󷨵ĻҲõ˽ѡ
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ǵĿʱ򣬾ǫҲ޷οԼϣű¸ŵˣѾȫס


59 س 
ǫһһ ÿһߵޱȳء
֪ԼôߵɣߣҲ֪ƿһ¡
ڵһۿ˵òʱȷǸɿݵüӵˣ Լĸס
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ԭǻлˣ кܹܶܶˣ ȴһҲûܾȻͿԼǰΪ
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ԭôŭҲͻ˲٣лһЩ㺡
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Ҫ˵ɣ֮ˮݣҶBû
ʱҶBֻɣĹģʹ˵Ŷݺݲ˵ĻеĹȴβˡ
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ǿڳϵƣǳŲסǰһڣ˻С
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ϵ˿ڣҲҩιɣҶBһֱڴǣ֣Ͻɹȥ
ʵȥҶBҲܸоʼգⶼվһˡ


60 л 
Ӱɣ һֱվţȲҲͼ֪̽ôվţ ˭Ҳ²׼ʲô
ճѨɽʱ ҶBʹ ɣĵģ ƫƫǸӲġ
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ҶBһͷˮʱ΢֪ɢ䣬ɣϵǧ꣬ظûзŹһһѰĲл꣬ǲȫ۱Ĳл꣬޷תΪˡ
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ҶBеۣ𾪣΢һЩɣȨ֪Ծڴˣɣǲ˵ҲĪҪἰ


61 ҹ 
ȻҶBǳǳӦţ ̧ͷȻɢȥơ
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ɵƢŹ֣ Ҳ仯ˡ
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΢ֱ֮һۣ ݺݵɣЩ꣬ Խˣֱһӡ
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62  
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˵꣬ɣ̧ͷҶB۾٩˵һϣĺó滹ʮĺͥбңԼǳһϡ
˵Ц˵Ѿ˺ܶ࣬ҶBҲ˳Цţܰ泳ѣ±ʾǳҡ
䣬ҶBǾѾ䵽ɣ֮ϡ
ɣƤһ£ȴûж㿪һĨǳǳЦ⣬ҶB
ʱһס
ɣɫһƿҶBüͷǲõȺ϶ǲʡģȻҪһ̽ͷ΢סˡ


63  
òƽ Ϊɣֿʼ˺⡣
ҶB֪һɣĵ׹ƻֳˣץּ֣ᶨ飬 Щ ң ڣ ȥס
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䣬ɣѾţʮĵʣˣ
ɣţ ԰ɫһ ߵĻĬĬ˻ȥ
ɣ鿴һǸӣ ʵл˵
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ץȥɣЦѹѹһƬŭεʧѨɽµʱûǳ֣̫ƽ֮ǵǳ֣ԲѻУ
ʮѾܹܵɣŭ⣬Ҫ˵ɣˣʮҲղѣ̫࣬򲻹ֻˡ
һƬƬѹͷɣ鿴ķһʣһԵʮĺͥжʱ䡣
Ϊˣͥбһķһ˿ʺѪ
ʮһʶסͥеľɣ磬ͣ£ܲס
ʱҶBסɣ֣СҲɣõƽѹҲ֮ɢȥ
ͣʱͥеɫŻһЩѹѹĺȴͣڻݵϿա
ɣɫһʮĺɣһɣͻ᲻ܲ˳񶼣ƿ
ҶBһֱסûȥ
Ҳ˾ڻݵķ΢
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Ҳǳŷ΢Ƿ΢ȴƽܶ࣬ɣѨɽ飬ɣҺܶ࣬㲻ʺ϶ŭЩԼӦԾͺá
ӦҪôӦߣȻû󣿡ܹɣ񶼵
΢Ҳ֪һ㣬ӵѨɽ֮ȷʵҹ̲ܽϣҪҲӦɣѾĪҪƫ̫󡣡
ѹѹһƬ΢̧ͷ˿΢ЦŶҶBʲôʱɣֻĻˣ
ڸλҪӻһ飬ѨɽԼѨɽ飬Ϊܴѡ
ζԣ޷ӱܡ
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ƽʮŹţҲϲ֣ǻͷҲииִ磬ľնСˣְҲ˼æ
ְʱҶB÷˶Υ֮£ڱ񶼣֪Ҫ˾Ǿô𷣡
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ɣ鷢ŭһŭͥаôʮҲҸҪҩһЩ鵤ҩ
ֻʮ죬ɲ˵ʾڵͥС
һʱŭɣֽ˱˪
ǣɣ֣ҶBһ˲ͷ˲Ծ˰ů¯˹
죬ȴҪů¯£С˹ǲа˻ˡ
ɣϺһ˪ʱȴʲôˡ
Ĺ̫࣬С˹ʲôֵģֻűܶԶ֮
ҶBů¯ʱɣ黹ãů¯Сô鷳֪ģů¯»̿Щȫûá
ɣƣӣҶBֻۣϣҵȻ֪ûãôţҸۡ
ҶBҲ֪ʱУȻڵǱߵ忡üšһƬ
ҶBָüϣ࿪üͷСŷ΢峤һܴǱߣҲ˵ˣڵȻǻ֮ҲҪſĲǡ
ҶBڴ齱ߣǺ͵ݳô飬ʱ״˸ұ򵥵ĸһ볤棬㲹Ͽɺã


64 ħ 
ÿһ 𶼻ڼɸһǣһݳ棬ɣƶǵһ졣
ʣļ仹ͣںܾúܾ֮ǰ
ȴˣ Ǹʱʲôģ ڵȴкûƺûʲôĲ
ɣЦЦ ˳ҶBĶ µ¯£ ô鷳£ һԡ
ƳⲻԶиӰڻζɣǰҶBǻ ȥ
ɣССĶҶBУ˳ɣĿ⿴ȥȴʲôҲûп
дɻ ҶBҲ֪ɣ˿УжܹģЩʲô
ʱҶBһۣ ɣ׹һӡǣʲôԾĻ ܹٸ
ҶBȥ֮ ɣ£һϵ£ů¯Ⱥů⣬ʹһʼů¯£ ȴҲ̰ůͼ
ֻƵģ ɣƿţ оһϮӭ֮綼
ӪأҶסĵطԺҲûʲôÿľɫ
ЩӴΪסһЩҶصŪ˼ɽˮ鿣ĻݲݣѹͺͺԺӺúװһ㡣
ʹȲϺɽˮĽȴҲԭȻɳĮһĹͺͺͥԺÿ١
ѵÿԿһЩĿľɫȴһźӰңжҲ޷ƽ
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пϸŴ׳ӣ۾ϴϴϡ
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Ǳ÷ˣɣƮƮ˵һ䣺Ƕˣһαóѡ
һħѾоɣ־ᶨѾôŬȴ޷ɣ־Ҳղѡ
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ˣҶСӣмô죿ݲѵڵݵ𣿡ǹڹƻͼһķߡ
ȻɣȴΪȻȻڱҲôţ㹻ĵһˡ
һķֻҪ
֪ǵҪյʲôɣ̾ʹϵȷʵ죬ȫɱɾˣǾҲûʲôˡ
ϧɣͻȻЦ̣ļ粻ϲɱڵİҲϲɱ¾ԣ㻹ǵ͹Ļ¡
ǸˣڻΪ¶ǲ
ɣ龴
ôĴݻء
ǹħô˵ɣ鶼ֻѹƣǿڵĽơ
ħգɣǰĺӰԽԽࡣ
·Թ鳯ɿľ֣ץǣſ޺ţΪʲôǣ
ǲ
Ȼ㲻ǣǰɣ
ԵԽԽӣǰĺӰҲԽԽࡣ
ɣɴֱӱ۾һôϣϸϸԽԽԵ
ԽԽˮҲԽԽ࣬һʼϴδεˮ䣬δδԡ
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֮£ɣǳǳ˯£ΰ֮䣬ʹоѵܣȴҲٶһ¡
ΪҶBķԸԺڵ˶׽ɣϢķ䣬ԼʹԶԶϢˮʪҲҿֻԶԶĿţС벻ͨо
Եӣɣ黹Щֻúܣ붯һ¡
ЩԹѾˣһ
һĹҶBһֻԺΧһȺˣԶԶųȴСۡ
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˼ұǴɣѰ˼ұֶҪܳͽ䣬Ǹϳ⣬οھĺ
ҶB֮ЩɫҰףѾоڳ֡
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ҶB࿪üģɣץס֣Ĵһ̽˫ڻУ۵ôħѵûа취𣿡
Ȼˡɣ۾ûӦţȻа취ģǰѹһΣǧǰҲѹһΣһΣһҲԣңܿͲٳˡ
֪ΪΣɣ˵⻰ʱҶBܾвúܣʱһĬС
öòӦǵҶBʲôɣ΢΢ۣҶBšüͷǵĿԼ
飬ӦңҪʲôΣյ顣սϵɣĸо˴˿ҶBĵǡ
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£ҶBǸˣƤҲ˱ϣһ̣ɣԼУԼļѧоƦƦĵӵ鶼ʶҼӣȻûһϲˣϲˣʦͨ
ҶBҲ˱ϣܱ߽ǵĵطˮϵ䣬ԼɣȴˮʪҶB·
ڳζѾƮ˳ɣʵ棬棬ѵǸҵģ


65  
濴һ棬 ʵһֻһܳܳ棬ԵʱֻҪҧϣԢųٸg
˼ϰףɣһڳĳԣ ͷβûнҧϡ
֮ ð ƵҶBǰ ǳǳЦҪóõԸ ұɣ ܻõ壬ףԸܳ棬 СԼˡ
ҶBЦһ֮󣬶ʱɫͱˣһûȥ͸˳ һŽζȥ
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Ц֮ɣŵСԼ³ѵȳ
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ʶƺʱҲԵı仯
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ĻȻǴŭɣ飬ָ׻ƤĸоڿѪζ
еһжڼɣĵ׵ɱ⣬ħƻҲԽԽ
ʹ𣿡
죡ɣ֪š
ǹǲͣɲϵɱɣαҪƣǰǾͶ㲻ƽɱǣƽϢŭɱ


66  
ɱħ ԽԽء
ϰȴճѪָ⣬ɣ鼸νսָײ
Ѫζڷɢ۾Ҳ𽥱ɺ졣
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ָ˲䣬ɣɿ裬Ŀϡ
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챧ǣҪصӪʱͿɣ
֪Լˮ޷ʪ
һοɣ飬ȴ·ͷȫˮʪǺǵ첻ҿ
ɣֱԽ죬ߵǫߣվھǫ󣬻ʵǫ㻹㸸һ𣿡
Թд涼Ϊδ˵ԸɣܿԹ飬ʹѾȥظֻأЩ޷ƽϢԹȴһֱȥĵطǻ
ɶ޷󣬺ο棬Щ쳾еķˣܻδ˵ǣҡ
ɣ鿴ЩԹ棬оԹ顣
˵仹ǣҡ
쳾ò𣬷Ų£Ӳһ֡
ǰŵľǾǫʹɣе֪Ұãȴδܼһ棬ʼź
ĲЩԹһͬɣܱߣǻȥ޷ѡ


67 ظ 
ǫ 㻹ټ㸸һ𣿡
ƮƮһ仰ȴþǫȻվǼĿɣ顣
ɣı棬ûϷˣ Ҳǳڰο ˺˵
ʱǫȻ ܼˣ  ɣ ҵҲ˵㴳ظܵظģа취ټһ棬 Բԣ
ǡɣش
ôԹ飬޷һһȥԸҲûҪȥЩԹѡ
Ǿô˵ ҲľʶǫҶBѣ飬 ޷Թۡ
£ɣһӣ һ̽˹ һֻСſļϡ
ȻһǣסǫҶBһ谵·ȥ
·Ͽ˺컨ǻȪ·ϣ ;ϵı˰
ڻȪ·ϣ ɣѵ㿴ʲô ûпǻþǱǣĻҲڵظˡ
صظĵͷȮ׺Ŀ׺ݣݺݶôظļˣɱڵӰһССצӰɣ·
ɣվھǫʱҶBʪ¡
ɣɣоıŤ
ǻˣ˵ôظ
ͷȮһվĵڤȼɫĻ죬˲ͽظڤȫȼΧס
ɣһЦộǲǺܿȫˣ
ϤĶԻϤ̣ɣܲЦ
ɣЦ֮䣬ı˲𣬳ͷȮϮȥ֮ȼڤҲᡣ
ͷȮбʱɣֳһһһƽͷȮº͵ʵڼ𣿡
ɣõ˼ʱģԭģͷȮһʱûϳЩУɣϵıȴһ۾ϳ
ϡϺͷȮɣֹһ飬ϳɣʱβͲԾ
ʱظĴŻ򿪣йٴ˳ʱɣ񣺡ϺٵظʧԶӭ
ÿһɣ鵽ظֱӲúùӣǰ֪һ
йٱϿͿӭѾв֪˶١
йˣɣųȥУйٵһ˵Ļǡ
йԥһûǰϺǳĲعأܵظģ飬Ѿ˵顣
һ飬ҪǿдߣظҲȴ˵ظĹأǳе
ɣ֪йԥʲô̵ὫߣֻΪԲСһź
һμɣ˵йһ£ҡҡͷ֮ǰһʹǰչǰ˼ˣһֻذ
ⷬںܶǰɣžҶظʱй˵
ɣ鵭˼ʱ䣬ʮǰҲ˵һĻסңҲһסҵ֮СѼһ棬뿪öһ
й̾һСȻ֪סλҪıְסԹۣ¡
Ҫ֣ɣԥйٴȥйֻǵйٱǼ¼Թãû¾ͱɣ䣬йپࡣ
й٣ɣ黹ǿģû˼йٷֺйٵڿԴȥһ𣿱Ҫҵˣ˼侴ң
йһʱûжɣйٱʽйϣȻŻûойٻǿЩȽϺãǰһ˹֪ظʮָܻ꣬ܲ
룬ֱҹĻ᲻ӦҪأ
ɣǰӲظʱÿһζѵظƸ׳죬ƫƫÿζ׷ǻͷֻµʰһ顣
йٻǽ˳ĵʱ򣬻ʱʱƳһɣ飬ɣѵȰйٲҪʱŹƭѾֻأڵظ
˵ص˼һ˼ˣ˼Żͷߵ˵
뿪죬ֱӾֻصĿԲ
ڣڶʮǰйɣһΣһɣһۡ
С˼˳йŹԹž֡
ҵ֮йٲ˵»꣬˼꣬ܶ඼ûаš
ţ˼ǳ˴¡ɣӦһȻǰƳǫйٵӡǣʱܵظӰ죬Ҳᱻ鷢ȥ
ǣѵһ٣йٲһЩ̽ǫ·
ɣ齫ϵԸҲȥҪþǫڵظʱ̫˵ظ̫մȾ
ʱйٿɣҶBҲһˣйֽһѾǻ˵ظأҪһͷǱ߸ý
ɣҲע⵽йٵĿ⣬̾͵ҶBǰѵǱˣйٵĺĪҪ̫ǿˡ
йǸ֪ʱƵ񣬱ɣһ֮̾ͽĿƿˣҶBɨһۡ
йҲû뿪벽͵Ҫɣһʱֳʲôû
йٺͷȮķӦҶBɣСһ飬ظǴ˼Σ
ɣͷһۣĵǲˣ㸸׺;һΣڴҲһΣֱӴͲˡ
ҶBһ㶣̽йٵķӦӦֻ֪ظ˽͹ʲôϵ
ɣ鿴˲ԶйһۣҶBԶһЩվϣСҺ͹Щ˽Ǵģʱҵһл꣬ŻǵظԾ˽ץ˹
ֻأҲֱҵĹԺ͹Щ飬æˡ
ҶBżģɣ̵ЦǲΪҺʲôĽ飿
ҶBͷȥûлӦɣ黹ǲĲڡ
;ϵı˰ãڵظɳֻѪһ޵Ļ꣬ڻȪ֮ȴŲκζ
ƫʱɣƫͷΧţȻٴյҶBߣ٩һ˵أȪֻԹζԭҶСϵĴζ
ҶBзӦɣѾ˫ִҶBϣͷҶBĴϡ
ҶBӺݺݵĽסˣɣܵĶһֱΪԷΪǼԲŻЩûзӦ
һֱΪֻԼΪ֪Լʲôɣ鶼ܾŻо
ɣҲһĸ飬


68  
ҶBӦ֮ ֱסɣĻӦš
ȻŸжɣʹһὫ˸ƿ ǲҶB
ҶB׷˼ ظ߳һɫӣ һɿɭ֮ ɣʧʱӳĺͬ
йٺڹȫ׷׵ͷͷ ֱӣ һڵظλ֮ˡ
йٶӦģӦþǵظĹ
ɭϢҶBܲʱʶԶһЩľ롣
֮ йٺ͹ҲˣظĴҲ֮رգֻͷȮڴ⡣
ɣĴ϶˺һ ް֪ʲô
ĩƳһϴϵͷȮΪͷ۵ķϺÿεõظ ҪֳҪʲô꣬뱾֪һ ֲЩʳŲ̡
ɣߵҶBԣ ܵһС¶ѣò붯ĵز
ָ۽ǣһͷ۵ӣ Цÿεظ Ҫ˱ˣ Ҳǲ뾪𣿿Ƕ༸С£ɾ˿ˡ
ɣ̧һ֣ǰ˿δմѪֱ׳ǵû֣òأ۽
ֱ׳ӣһʱԶԣЩ޿κε˵ĵظøˡ
ʱɣֱ̧֣סܲĵظ˱ϣɾҪˣɽɲҽӡ
ԣͷ͵Цؼ仹Ϻҵϸϸһ£һ£붼ģ
Ŀ޵ɣ鴽ͣҶBǲֱӹҾ̸ΪһЩ˽˹徻ôظǳ嶯ˣ˼ɽҶBⲻǣ
ʵѾע⵽ҶBֻʱ˶Է
ͼ̽ҶBһᱻɣֹֻڹǰɣûҪ˼󷽷ùˡ
ҲֻǺѣ̽ϤϢ֮̽˻
֪֮̽ҶBҾһ񣺡ԭ٣֮С򲻸ҵ
л꼸ֻأȫǹڰæԶڹɣҲûʲôġ
뵽յѨɽϵ춯ӦɣʾǵѨɽ춯йأô綨ȻһЩϼһµһЩߣһϢסˡ
šɣ͵͵ӦţססɸбĽ绤ţ˭ҿǰŲ鷳Ҳֲʲô۶ӡ
ΪԹĸ֪쳣ڿɣĵһۣͿ˲ԾѵߣʹѾ겻䣬ʹعҲ˸Ҳ㣬Լ
ἰµʱɣʶƳһԵҶBȥеķӦȻֹ̳ס죬ƺϲ¡
ʱǣζǳЦ鲻ǳ뱾ô˵СأһЩ˵ԹγɵԹ飬ѵסأǡ
ǡ
˵ӣȻ߽ɣ飬ɣĶϣѹ۲ϣңֻˡ
ֱ˵ɣ£ɣɫһ䣬Ҫ֡
Ѿµɣһᶯ֣˵֮󣬹ֱɣܳһξ롣
ʱЦƵĵ٩ţôʶô˵鶼ǳˣ㶯Ҫ֣ǲǲ̫ã
ҲԡɣŪıУЦЦţֻǹ죬ʵñ̲סҪ
顣ҶBסɣ֣Ȱǵظĵ̣Ѿ鷳˹ΣڻĪҪֵĺá
ҶB֪ɣͲ´Ҳ鷳ڻǶһ²һ£ﶯ֪Ӱ쵽Ļǡ
ҶBɣ̾ͽϰıиȥ
֮Ĺ̲סƫԴڿˣȻЦôãǿϰˣ֪ǰټܲϳ
ʲô˼ɣϢʼñ䣬Ī˵ԵҶBڵظſڵͷȮ˸
̩ȻվڲԶĵƹܵظֻأֻ֮£ؼ˱ȱ˽⡣
ĿҶBϣһЩζԵģֻתҲл겻ȫλתʱļ䣬ʱת㲻ڣôĶģת
һ˵úһֱɣĵֵħûʲôһʼʱɣȴǻѾ޲
ûɣзӦҶBǣסɣ֣λ֮󻹼ǲǵڵľ˵ҪҪλƺ͹ġ
ӹһ޵ĶɣĴڿʱʼҶB;ò̫ԾһҶBȷЩ˼
ڹǰö֮ǣɣ֣ڼᶨԼ
᲻λͷЦЦĿɨɣ飬ȻڴˣȻֻ֣һת鲻λƺ˵㣬Ҫʡ
ݸһЦδ˵ȫȻ󻺻Сѻ̨Թ鲻٣ǿЩ򣬱Ҳұ֤᲻ᱻԹ
Ծڴˣתʱ۵״һ˿ǳǳʧת˲š
ߺҶBԼĵһֻ֣Ǳδ屾ıԴԴϴֵֻĹͷı䡣
ҶBתһɣ֮ٴθһ׵ı˪
ںòױѹȥħֿʼ궯ȥѹºʴ
顭ҶBһ
һɣɢĿ⿪ʼٴ˽࣬˫Ŀ˫ۣʣԸָǰеļ䣬ع鱾λ𣿡
ǷҶB͹һԻɣûע⵽ƺδʹҶB뷨δں벻룬ԸԸ⡣
һʼ𣬷΢˶ҶBĳƺûʹһҲûںһݣֻΪֻת
˶ڵʧǸ˾
ûںҶBĴڣǲںҲȥںֻʮһˡ
Уһֻһǵ塣
һУҲɣ顣
л˵
ףСɰǣ簲


69  
ֱڣ ɣŷûںҶBĸܡ
ûʹԸԸΪǰ
ӹͷӳı䣬ѾҶBԭȵĸñ ҶBܹоɣϸ΢Ĳ ܹܵĽš
ҶBе֣ ֻһ ůů ʹֻ΢΢ã ҲȻԴԴӿɣڡ
ɣɫһЩҶBŻʣھˣȥѰô齫Ǹ ڵңļ
ʵɣԼҲֲ壬ԼҪǰļ ҪڵҶBԶ¡
һʼɣȷֻǼ񣬿ɣѾ޷һ˵˵Լ Ѿ޷ԼϿӰӡ
ֻ˼еҶСӡ
ͬ⣬ҶBҲ飬 ǣɣ֣ ˵˶ԸͱƵʵҲתãã䣬ض࿴һۣ ҸԵʶ
ֻǷˣ ʹΪ ֮ҲữһgۻûպұʲôģֻҪнʱһ䣬ұ㻹İ
ůůɣתԵѹȥתҲѹѾϸϸƵĽơ
ʱظĴŻ򿪣žǫһֻӳڵظڣĿ뿪
ɣע⵽ǫʱһ鲯飬кںɫ·һ۾ϳˣǹͼڡ
ǫŵʲô
ֻҪǹĶɣ鶼ʶȥ
ڹʼնһЩ䱸
ǫֿ̧еĲ飬˰ȴκ֣ǲ˵ǹĲ飬˵ոĸתδд棬ҿ˰죬ʲôûС
ɣһ۾Ϳķ㵱ȻʲôھδתҲδתȻʲôҲûУתʱȻܿˡ
ɣ齫קһصɣ黳Уɣſš
ǫһҪ뿪ˣŵظš
龰ɣѵҲˣ˵Ҳ˵ˣԵѾûȥˡ
Ų£᲻֮飬˶ʱ쳤ؾãؼû쳤ؾãʱ
ǫСĽڣһ۵ظĴţǸɣĽŲ
ʱǰɣŻ˽ŲӦҲĸˣһδҶ;ظҲΪĸס
ţǫСӦŻظǵһμĸס
ʼûмԼĸףֻʱĸʱѲδԼĸס
ʱɣŻĸʱĸڱ߹ս֮Σ޷ΣԶڱ߹һ档
սԼ˲˺ۣո·붼ֻܿһۣʱѾ£餶δֻ˱λ
ʱҴ֦⵽ҶĲ̣Ƕ˴˵ظǷ򸾶˶ݣŵڵظȵޣһͬתֻأˡ
ʱǫȴͷС˵תֻصǰ֮Ǹ˻ԭǸ𣿾һͬתĸ׻Ե𣿡
ھǫûע⵽ĵطɣǣҶB֣С⣬޷ش㣬תٴΣʼǸꡣ
һδظʱҪϵĺߣǴϵĺתһ޷鵽ϣźǣǻԵ֣ҲǽԵۼǲǵýʼջǡ
ɣҲ֪Щ˵ǫģȰ˵Լ
һǿ֮»ص˼䡣
Ȫ·ľͷһɫ۵Ĺվڱ˰УżȥӰɫҲ֪ʲô
۵ݻǵ飬ֻ֮£ַǷ
̧ͷҹգգҲ£ֻһƬڡ
˼ƻǧǧƻУǫҲ֪һյԼġ
ǧӵеľǫһθоʲôǹ¼š
ֻоԼһĴƯûй鴦һҶۡ
ֵĽֵվ˺һǫͻȻִҶBϣͼҶBǲǺܾû˻ˣǵǰ͵ƺȱû˹ˣ飿
ô죬ҶBҲ֪ǫҪú÷йһеĽᡣ
ҶBֱ˻ľ¥ƹеĿˣҹֻھ¥У۾ǫηйᾪκˡ
Ǵֵܶķ㣬ɣ黹УǾⷽ棬ʳǵʱҶBѾ֪ɣľںδ
ҶB˾ƣ˲ˣҲ˾Ƽеĵģͬɣ֪㲻ϲƣҹǫȾƣһЩɺã
ɣգգӦˣߵ̨ϣֱڴ̨ϣ̧ͷգҶBǣһš
ǫѾʼž̳˾ƾйǫƽŵĻʲô˵ˡ
ǫž̳ӣһ߹žƣһ˵ɣЩҲǼ˲ɣǰŻϣ˵ңڣǣʲôС
ЩӲŷ֣ԭҲ⣬ܴҴظˣȫδ˵ԸԸǲǻδ䣿
ڻ˼·ϣһǫɣ黰еãźǸʱŷ֣Ľɣȴ֪ɻ¼ţġ
һζڿӣɣҶBϣƬ֮ɣ鵭ش޺
ݾƸ߸˻Щżž΢ķɣЩϧֻϧʮĲڣʮٴˣǵвٻʮƽȻһЩǳԺϣǵǲ¡
ɣ黰䣬̨̾͵һͷʮĻ˸ƳƳֵң
Ҫװͨ˿ȻǻᱻʮĸһֻϧʮҪŻɣ飬ʮı任һŵҲɣκηӦ
ɣֻģ̫󣬴̵۾ۣʮһģͷ۵㲻ǵ񶼹ͳְȥôͻˣ
ĵϵʮĺίԼԭģ֮˵ȻûˣְȻҶСӣ棬Ҳǽʳ֮Σǹ֣Ȼɲûб
֪Ƕû£ʹûʲô֣ɣҲǰһ
ҶB⿴˿ҲûпͥеӰ㵣ʵͥأǺһߵ𣿡


70 Ϣ 
ͥУʮ ԼԱһˣӹ๾תȦ֮һȥȥˡ
ܹҲˣʮĻܰһŪˡ
ɣ鿴Σ Լιһǣ Ϊͷ۵ţ⺢ǲǵ걻һۣ ֪ʲôʱܳ ȱۿټϺ
ֻɣСϸ ϸ΢ǴҶBĶ ҶB㻺ߵɣԣԵЦʮĵӣҪϺ̫Զ ϺҪ飬ҲҪ顣
ǵĶ˾ǫܴĲʱӱʾԼĿ飺ʱʱ̶̿Ҫճһ𣿡
˵ţ ǫ۾ҶBȻѵB㹴˼棬 ҪҶ֪£϶һ٣ Ҷǰ㡣
⻰ҶBÿɷ ʹûҪ˵Ĺϵ
Ӧô󷽷̹Ȼԡ
ҶB飬ӵһۿʼͲһʱ Ǽֻض޷ Ѿڹıܡ
ʮľôһ Ͱͥи˻
ʱͥдһڤ֮Ūþǫ̲סһ
ϵڤ֮ͥԼҲϰߣһֱתϵϵڤ֮
Ȼϻʮһǰ㲻ףҲһ·ߵͷ㻹·ϣ㲻ﶼʲô
ʮһƨڵϣԴΪ벻ͨҲ֪ô£ǰû״վ͸оħһȻ£һʱ˺öණ
ǵĻɣ̾׷ʵǻȥڤ
ͥϵڤ֮ѾԣΪɣŸӲģȥ˹
šʮںĻش𣬡ǹ˵Ҹ͸񡣡
ɣЦһŸմ˵ظ˹ʲôǵ治ͣƫҪʮһˡ
ʮĲŸҪѶͳɣ̿ڵĶҲãʮ㵨ӿ湻ģĶֱ˾ͺá
ޡʮӦһȻһѻĵĶոɾ
ҲûڶʲôƣԵظĶôʮ˸ɾ
ʱʮ֣ɣ磬ܵطƺкܵ͵ʲôڹţʲôڣ
ʱҶBҲҲǣ鿴
ɣ鿿ڴ̨ϣָһƬʲôҲյʶȻҼΣ˼Ƭҹһûܲµ͸ʲôʲôĽɫûǲҪ򽻵
Уɣû˭ǶڹǱҪʵڲ֮򽻵
ʵʮȻѶˣлǷŲ£ﻹŹĻ
ԥʮĻߵɣߣֻ˵˵磬˵ĺҲڼĲҪʣҪǲҰȥһˣ
Ѿճ˷ɻңʮĲ
ɣ̲סʮԴһǣֺɸֵζ˵ȥ˹Ի󣬱ʲô¶֪ȥʳʲô
ʱʮĲžԭڻȪ·ԼЩ棬żȻǹԼµԻ󷨣ԼԺļ䡣
ʮĻ벻ͨɻҵļҲûʲôÿģ֪˶ʲôã
ʮ˼벻ʲôƣɣҲýͣԥƬ̻ǿҶB
ɣУҶBҲ֪Լš
Ȼ֪ʲô£ҶBǫߣװܲµĻҾˣ˵ǻûȹء
áɣ΢΢һЦȥٻء
ɣʹɣͷצӹɣ°ڣСˣҲȥ
⻹һβճԼߣǰɣߵģֻӶҪš
ѪУɣ鿴һ˿˵ɣûгĬˡ
뿪ظɣֳܿ˵ظſڡ
Ҫ˯ͷȮ̾һ˫ɫĴ۾Ķɣ鿴
һɣûҪӲ뷨ֶվڵظ⣬Լ˰ѹгߣٴȥ
ͷȮȻǲ붯ֵģҪȥѰȥͨһʱ򣬹Լͳˡ
Цӯӯվڵظڣɣƣǿݹ٣ѵ˿ñܳ
ʵɣҲ֪дʲộֻˣֱӴ󲽿ظڣѵǹ𣿡
ǳǳһЦҲûзϣɣ֮һ衣
һ̻ڱĵظȴůĵظڤ֮ôĵطһ˿̻
豭ɣǰȴɣ˼ǳǳһЦԲժҶΪϲζģ֪е裬ʲôζ
ɣ鲢û˼һüصʮٴԼǰѵֻ뱾۲
Ŀ⿴ɣĴζ˵ΪһͬǰתúܽǷֻǰ
ǰϵʱɣ黹ûʲôֵĸоڵĿ࣬㣬ԼϣǻûзӦȱˡ
޵ǰʱɣ̶һѱڹ֮ϣҲ˵£֪ûʲôģڱԳúܣ˵һֻҪһԴˡ
һѱѣѹ⣬ָὫиǳЦղŻΪûôˣѧ˽ͨһڿһ
һڻȥһۺ֮֮ڰԽ
ɣ˿һͷûйôУ֪ΪʲôģȻ˵ҲûĺȹĲ裬ڤĲ裬ԼƷ
ɣҪ뿪ǣ֣ɱԼϣȻЦ̸ѾС̫ӴҪճɷɻңɲֱ
ɣûϻ

ɣ֪ӣ̿ʼ
ȻһЦЦӣʼɫãú˵𼱣ĺлλá
л꣡
ɣͫ̾ͷŴ󣬽ŵ߬ȭͷ֪˼֣ţģ
̾һ
Ȼֻɣںˣ֪ǹһУɣ
һֻʣֻҪǺйأҲӵοǹĲлꡣ


71  
ɣϵ£ һƬһƬлѰҼĲл꣬ǧꡣ
ɢΪ޲磬ĲлĽڣҪлƱҪ硣
ΪҲл꣬ ܵ  ħȫˡ
л꣬ ںδ
ʹɣѾھƣ ǻ̲ס
ɣеĲ ȵľǿɣķӦȻֻǳһ裬ֻɬͿζֻһڣ ͰѲ豭ˡ
ֻıɣ֪гĹʵҲûʮİտһ塣
Ƭ̵ȲķӦ ɣԼƽʵҪʲô
ˬһЦ οϵĳĲл꣬Ĳлֵʲô
ɣֻ֪Ĳлʲôط û͹ա
Ʒϵλÿʼӳ ɵ̨һѺۣʾ˿̼ѹƲסŭ
ԽǿżھԽǲ һֳͷ ͶɣĴ Ц˵żʲôã֪лڣܷɣȥл꣬㻹𣿡
ɣ鲻мЦһ˵ڵıΪ룿
ԣɣȫǹܹеĸ飬ȻȫںɣֵͷĿɨɣ۽µĺ룬֪ΪǳǳЦԶ׼ʮΪǽѡ
ڹӣͷɣһϲ˪л˼ζı顣
һŻſڵô˵ҲЩ飬ȻҪһݴȻΪֻǱĵظʵ䣬㱾ǲһ£͸лڣɣ
ñǲɣ鶼ǲԼˣٶȷһ飬û˵Цڵظһ£ĵظܴڣ
ǣͷȻ
ؼҲ͹ñһ£ϣʱڡɣˬվǰĲ豭̧ڹǰɾ
ðĲˮ䵽̨ϣƬ̾ɱ
˵豭һЩ£ЩʱӦԼ
˵ɣ黷ŹЦЩӣǽĴ޵ιЩźããҡ
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˼·ɣ鲻죬ֻѰԼϤϢȥҡ
һ·ϣҰѾϨ˵ƣòУѾʱˡ
˼ʱ䣬ǻݻ붼һʲôûС
ܶܶǰƺҲʱ˼߹
ͬǣǸʱһӰһֻĵĹעǸˡ
ڣ˹鴦ܹĳߵǸ鴦ɡ
һ·һյҲûУ£ֻڵһƬɣѰϢҵԭȵľ¥
ϣֻһҾ¥ŵƣȴһҲûС
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᷿ȫǾҲ֪Ƕ˶٣ҶBԼҲſϳ˯ȥԼѾòʡˡ
ɣߵҶBߣ£жţǺ˶
֮ѾʼҶB̧
֮ҶBƤ֮ϣűܣʹ˯֮ҶBץס˫֣ŷԼ˵飬ˣ
šɣӦţϵĶȴûͣԼּѾ˵ҶB˾¥ҶӪڡ
֮ҲŮʵûҶʵʵɣӪء
ǴǰɸϵʱɣҲûչ˹˭ҶB֪ôˡ
뻹ǽ˷ŵϣֱŸ˲Ь࣬ԥҪҪ
Լ֮ͷ۲ѣοҶBڵ壬ԥƬ֮Ҫֻ̧Լָ
ǲŸж̱ԭ˯ҶBץס
ҶB۾˫ȻʣȴԶԶ֮룬ֻ˵һʼû
ɣ۾Щƭң
ҶBûзϣֻץеַŵϣһǣȻҵ˽һҹֻװһݣˣӦңˡ


72 ҩ 
׼˵ɣȴһЩ飬 ɲϣӲˣʱҪˣ޵޽ˣ
ҶBǳǳһЦתɣһī ָ棬 Щѧˣ ˣˡ
ˣһУ ɣǴġ
ˣã ɣתʵ㲻žǫˣ
šҶB˫ʵͷ ˣȥˣʮҲˣͥչ ҵ㣬Ȼܶȡ
ãһˡɣܵͺܵͣ Ӱ˼֡
֪˵ȣҶBһھ¥ ɣûֱڵظ
ȻûȫǾͷ ҶBǰһۣ ƾű§סɣҧס꣬žԵӶɣϢ
ͻȻһƬʪ䣬 ʱҶBȻѣ ̧һ Լմ˵ɫѪ
㡭ҶBĶϽɣתȥССü˿ڶѾѿذɫ·Ⱦð߲ղȥʲô
û¡ɣԼͲں赭д˵ȥһ˵ظ͹һûʲôˣ֪ôױ㿴Ҿͻһˡ
ڵѨɽʱɣ鱾˲ᣬڸ˿ڵʱ򣬸ǿûһõĵط
ղڵظʱ ɣְԺ͹һϲ֪ٴ˿ڸѣѾѪʪ
Լȴûʲô˵ġ
ȾѪۣں̬ȣҶBòУһҧĵط˵ǻµ飬ͲܶںԼһ𣿡
ðɣЦýȴ⡣
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ȻʱҶBһҲһףסɣļ򣬰ıȻֽĽµҩ˳
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ҶBͲ˵Ļᣬ̴ĻǿӲ˵Ѿˣܶصˣ˸ˡ
ţԡô鷳ġ
ɣҶBһΰȥʼϵ·
ɣҪʱҶBѹץסһַֻԼĿڴһһҲԣô齫ȡҺһۡ
㡭
ɣһʱ䲻֪ôóһҧҶBϣúҪһҧһ㡣
ҶB֪ôɣԹԾͷҲһ
Ȼϰһ£ҶB֪ɣЭˣͷһǣȻɣ㿪ˡ
СƢˣҶB͵Цһ£ɣͷ࣬һãҸҩôС
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ҶBŪҩʱرᣬһͻŪ
ɣװҶBһ߲ҩһ˵ÿÿԼŪˣΪԼˣǲҲΪ
ɣѾ̫鶼ԴڼҶBҲֻ뵽ˡ
֪ΪΣ뵽ڹѰʱɣѿڶһ䣺ۣ۲ɢ꣬۲ǡ
ĹȥܹɣӵԼеʹ
ҶB˵ɣ۾ֱҶBƺڰοһһƤ˶ѣĲˡ
Ȼ˵ɣ˵ʲôҶBһţҲֻôһ䣬ҶBȫš
ɣԼˣҶBЦһڿˣˣ
ԭûôƽɣ飬ʱְҶBһǰۣһ
ȻɣҲƬ̰ˣҶBϺҩ֮󣬱ϱԼҧһڵļϣСʣҧˣ
ҶBЦҡͷõͲˡ
ҶBôһ˵ɣ黹һٴҧͬһط
˻
һɣҶBʱһȻɣī͵ЦֹǴһڡ
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Ϊɣϵʵ̫࣬ҶBȥһСľֽ˿ڸ
ɣûôʵбһҶBϣϣһҿС
΢ĴоӿһŻҶBæסѵƻδѣ


73 Ƽ 
ôһѣ ɣ鲻뵽ĳҹޣʱͣϵĶȻ󳶹Ӱһ¡
ҶBǱٶЦˣɵһԣ ֽ§뻳У ڶԵЦţܹɣ צҲܿɰ 龿мף
֪ɣ۾ ƵӦһ С֪ĻԼžͺá
ҶBѾԣﻹв£ӦҲ뿪á
ɣ һϵ˿һʹЩ˿ȴմħѲúܡ
ħԽ֣ ԵҲԽԽ࣬ʹҪһٵƬ̰
ɣ˸ҶBʲôط˾ֻ˵ҶӪڣ ֻ̫붼֮¡

ɣЦһᵽ̫ӣ Ͳ ȴҲûʲô̫Ӧ
ɣҲ֪˼䣬˼£ټ֮ô飬 Ҫص붼˼Ļʵۡ
Ȼ˲ڣ ɣԼ˸ĵطţ һӪڿɾͲ徲ˡ
ֻΪĵطǺԺҶ¿ĳϣͤӵ˶ĿյòС
ôһѾСǾͲˡ
һȺڳһΧţੲݵۡ
Ѿףɣڷ˯˯ϣҪһСˮȥǵСɾʹȥˡ
С˼ףҲû취ģȥȰҲôźá
һȺΧųҲҿͤӡ
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ҶBĲΪѾСǾɣ׿ԽΧ￴羰
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ҶBÿЦãڰ֣Ƕȥɻɣɣ齻Ҿˡ
µģҲͰɢȥˡ
ҶBߵͤУɣ黹ڱĿҲûгţԱ߾Ŀš
ҶBʱɣѾһЩʱûȥ˵Ҳѣ˵ǲҲѡ
˿ǰûУϰҲֻǿ˶һָͷҲֻܷ

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һɣҵĶ˳ͣзڡ
ҶBȻҲ֪ɣ˵˵ʲôֻǲһҹȥѾ㲳֪ǹħǰͲסˡ
ůůɣתҶBĬ˺ܾã˵β
Щħһֱɣ飬ҶBѾ֪ôˡ
ǣǸڵĻһа취ġ
ʹǸʱ򣬻ʶʧ᲻ڣ֮һЩħܹʧôڲڣƺҪˡ
ʱɣۣһ㱡ڿҶBл궼û룬Ҳ֪ô
òУ΢һ£ϵ˿ھѾʼѪѩ׵̾Ⱦ˴۵ĵɫͷϵҲ޵Ļ£ҪΡ
컹ûôأһҹҲ֪ɣôѹħġ
ҴȥҩҶBɿɣ֣Ҫطȥ
ɣỽһס֣ûʲôԶᣬû£ֻǽЩ˿ڱƳһħѣƳһ徲Щɡ
ȫħɣ޷Ūǽϵ˿ڣһ֣ȥЩħܹ쵽ġ
ҶBͲٳǣɣڳӱϴŷ磬յˬ
˵ɣ˯ż仰ĹҪ˯ȥҶBС˰Σ̺ӡ
ŪЩһɣļ磬һƹϥ£İ˴ϱɣҲ˳ӣһҶBŵϡ
ɣĺۣץҶBֶԵ
˯ŵɣ飬жеĮʱжô䣬ʱжôº͡


74  
ô ɣ鶼þĶǣŮһ
ɣ壬Ƥǰ۽һ룬 ֮У ˼ֹ˵̬
ֻǿţ ҶB̲סȥ ͷĴ ᣬ ͬѵˮһ㡣
׼һֻѾļ򣺡һʲô
ɣ飬˲ըë ӿ˳ǼҲˡ
ʱҶBıϣ̧צӾҪкҶB
죬 ûʲôҶBŪСӶ 
һҶˣǶĴ治죡Сӷ߷߲ƽ һֻҶBӣ ֻᣬ϶ӳüۣ˿˿Ѫ
ǫҲҶBϸŪ С̫ܴܣ ץҡ
۵òжɣ飬 ֱӾͱˣܲá
һץ׼ȷĴСӣĺ⣬ҶBϸÿüͷ˭ĵӰ
Сӿ⣬ڰвͣĵţˣ۸㣬һ￪ʼûϺ£ˣ۸㣬ǻһ
ԭֹСߴߴĳҲǿԲͣġ
֪ǻŻˣǶѾˣټɣֻ÷òС
ϴ˿̱ûʲôҲһֻӣֽӵǫȥֻӴԶЩ̫ˡ
˶ܿɣ״̬ãҶBһǲ
Ȼʱɣ㻹ǵڹѰʱ˵ʲô𣿡
һ˲˹Ѱ飬ڹѰʱҲǶҶBＸ䣬ʾԼϲҶBҲôһ䣬Ͳ㱻ɣˡ
ôһ֮쳤ֻʱȥѪҲٵҶBССצӰžǫȴҶ
찲ɣ̧۵òе̫ѨΪεҲҸ徲ĵطЪһôܲʡ¡
ɣ˵Ŀɲֹ죬ڲԶֵˡ
Ҳ֪ʮĺͥһôˡ
ҶB·˯᷿ʱѾǳֵڸǶֱӴãͥԺǵ
Ѱˣɣһ
ҶԽԽΧԺ⣬ȴ˸ҽȥȰܣ˶ֵ״óȻȥֻܱˡ
˳ɣһһǵģͻȻ俴ǫе죬Ȼ㶼ˣȥҰʮĽ
ӵĶ쳣Ǳߴ򶷵̶㵽ǫУίͰͺɣˣС̫ͷϣͥҶ򲻹Ҳȥ
СȻƽʱצģʱ׵úܣ֪ȥĻԼܲҡ
ɣ鵹Ҳǿ̧Լ࣬ԼȻ˯˸ɴֱӲ˯ˣӿϣ˸ֱӽڴֵʮĺͥиԼǰ
Ȼ䱻ʮһãȻ̧ͷһɣһƣ̬ĶĲͷ
϶ˣߴֻȭͷû÷ʮĵ֣׾ʰͥУǰʮͥУ⵹ټ
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ͥжɣӰԿɣɫõʱʶ㵽ҶB
ССĶҲɣ鿴ɣüƳһͥУ㳳Ϣ㵽ʦ󣬾ƽ𣿡
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ȻͥдʱȴίǷ׷ײ
üγ죬ȴʲô˵ڣǺ졣
˵˵ӣɣҲʧȥģʮŹˣҲܹܵסһǼȻ˵Ǿһʽҹ
һģ˵ô
ʱͥбŶʮĵһӻɣʮĵֳͥжɣҲԹ
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ͷҶBǵԶЩȥûгСޣʲôԼȥ
ʱͥסҶB°ڣίʦ֣ɽ
˵ͥԼݣʮĺ޲ðʮһݺҧԷйʱԹ


75  
ѵʮûֱӾͺͥг
ͥô ʮķЦƦƦӦţôˣȫ𣿲ҲһһеŤŤҲ֪ɽʦôģ
ʮһ죬 ׼²ʲôû ҶB밲οοͥʾôˡ
һ˾ʹ֣ ܰҶӪسײˣ ϶з˲С飬 ҪȻͥеӾʮˣ ƽҲСС֣Ƕ
ҶB밲οһͥУͼɣ䣬ק£ С̫ˡ
ҶB֪ɣ˼ʱɣһǱĵ׵òͷ뿴̫Լǰơ
ʮҲһӾͿɣ״̬ԣ ̾ͥߣϻǰȰȸͣʲôԼҲҪʦ֣ 㶪ˡ
ʮ죬Ͳܹ˵ʲôġ
˳ʲô ɣѾȥ ̧Ƴһ죬ߣ
챻ŵһ飬 ëҪȫը Ͻǫͷϣ Сߴžǫȥ
ҶBɣ˼ԣһɣԼϣ֪ˣ˯˯һ
Ѿòеɣ飬ҶBļͷϣȴûҪ˯˼ۣʵҪ붼𣿡
šҶBӦ붼Ѿ٣ѾµĽ쵽ױ붼Ҳһȥ
ݻǵѾݶУǷô飬ҶѸߣѾڣݲʧȥҶҲٻ붼ꡣ
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ʱɣŲл䣬ȥҲҪԡ
ɣ˫ۣΪ˫кһʵҲ֪ǰˣһЩҪȥҪ뿪һ¡
Ѿ˳ӣҶBʵڲģǵ뱣Ѷѣ㻹ȥģȥʲô
ɣ֪ĲԼҲʣĵҩһµʱѹƣұȥԼȥ
ÿһνлȡҪֳСĶɣ鲻ҶBҲһȥ
лһҲ˵ףֻǺܼҶBҪһǰ
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ֻҪйǣɣͲԼУǡǡǹˣɣһִš
ҶBǣɣֽ߬Ĭ˺һɿڵȻ˵˷ȥɣһ㲻ɣ붼㡣
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˼ĺҹǵظʼʱɣҹ˾֮ʱĴӴһֽȻ뿪
ʱҶBѾˡ
꣬ձһһסīҶBֻһߵ⣬һյƺ򣬽ݽֵϵĵȫȼҹһ㡣
ɣԼظѾʱ;ϵɣ顣
ȵðĹһ˼¶ɣ飬̾ӭȥ
˼ʱ㣬ɣ鲻뿪ظһˣϲƵԹȴˣü뿪һҹﶼʲôħлɳˣŪģ
߽ɣ˺ܿ䵭ӦԼģڵظһ£ϣҲҪǵԼǡ
ʱʱ̿жŲлϢͷǳǳЦһԾŶظԸű俴һ澰ܲչһЦ
һ䣬һӹۣˮγһˮˮǴʱ˼仳ݵ龰
ǳЦ˵ߵ̫죬ķ羰
ɣ鿴ľҶBڻݣнֵϵĵƣһյһյ
ʹ֪ɣȥδҶBҲҪΪҹ


76  
пһĻʱ Լݣ˵ɣˡ
ǾãҶBΪɣɣûп һź
ǵɣΪ˾ʱ ־жµûš
ǹɣ鿴˼ľ ɣ鿴һۣ ̾ͽˮ䡣
ˮѾ£ Ǽɣ黹δ ֪ɣǰǰ˻ΣѵҲˣڵظ࣬ Ÿ뿪Ѳɾ᲻ˣ
˼ɣв ѾԼظҪôд
ȥ˸;ֿһ· ɣƣЦѾΪźˡ
ΪڵħһֱڳѹƵĽƣ ɣһֱѹƣ ϵĺԽŨأÿһڵһǺĽӡ
ɣԣװûиоһ ǳǳЦ˵ظû˼ķ Ҳû¸ߡ
ȹ˵꣬ ɣֱӴϹ˵ԵظֻģԹ»ҰԹ𣿡
ѾϵɣķӦһǳǳһЦ˵ô룬Ҳ޴ֻÿεظȥҴңôкúõظһ⣬˼ʱ㣬δظֵʱ򣬲Դظֵĵطһߡ
Źôһ˵ɣʱͣ½ŲǰߣΪ֪ϲľǳֵĵطرڣ
Ϊظ֮ڸϢ֪ԹȻҲ֪ɣʱŶԹָоǷŵԼϣҲķҡ
ʹ֪ɣڶԳͣǹǼЦŶɣδظĹУ˾ͷǰδźȥǲ⣬ǲ˹УҲ޶
ʱɣӵķƣ޴йɣ⣬˳ߵСǰߡ
һȴӵĵطͣ˽ŲûߣһߵݸڲǰݣԽҪߣףɡ
ɣ鲻鲻ԸĽ߸ϣһҪܸʲôϲ
˴ŹУ̤еһ̣ɣ黹Ϊ˼䣬ظĹк˼У˹ÿ鶼ֵֹߣйֻкҹ֮⣬ͬ˼вûʲô
Уɣ黹оϤϢϤдӺζȴһҲ
ɣһϷ԰УһƤӰϷ
ڰϷ԰УûصҪһż䣬ֱɣӵĴڣ벻ٹһ顣
ɣѾ÷ȥǴʱɵϤ֮УоЩʶһ
ɣûϷ̨ѽѽЩʲôĿ˹ɻʵǲԱʲôֽţ
޹̯˫֣ЦʲôΪС̫ӰжֽŻܵóѣǰûǸͰж֣
ɣڹеʱԽߵĹԽ࣬ɣ͸оֵĸоԽԽǿң㽫еԼĹһ㡣
ǿҵĸоȻԽĲɣ鿴Լ߹һһ꣬ȫŹһߣ˭ҲֲԼĹ꣬ǰʲôݡ
ɣĿⲻɨڳÿһ飬ϵϢвͬÿһƺҪ鲻ԽϢ
ɣеĲУȻȫûпһȫע̨ϵƤӰϷζɣƤӰϷ뷲ƤӰϷʲôͬ
ɣȫû˼ȥʲôƤӰϷЩֻñӸķҡ
ֱɣȫϷ԰жһ̣ʱɣ·ȥ
ĹУ·˼ļһ
ڹУյ˼꣬˼ķĹУñĹУ˼أ
̫Ź֣ÿһ߹ɣߵĶ飬֮ƺһ˵ϵɣ˿޷˼⣬˵ʲô
ʹûлش𣬹Ҳһɣ߱һУֱһȦٴλصʼİϷ԰С
ѽѽƤӰϷδͣ£֪ڳһϷ
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ղѾzai9һһȦɣĵǹ궯ҲѾƽϢһ˼֮ɣ黺飬ȫڵݺǵķˡ
ͱ˳ݸһЦͷȻ˹УΪһУרΪǵ
٣㰲ֻضʱ֮ҲŲô飬Ϊ˰ЩĲԱ㿪һУΪ˰Щ޴ȥ顣
ʱɣ˫ĿƿŹţˣӦĿģΪñôְصġ
ʱֳ֧Դϧ̾˵ȤúܣѵͲһ±𣿱ȫΪ롣
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Щڵħûа취γǲƵԹΪа취Ūɾ
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ȻɣҲάһСӦ֮ɣ̾ʣͲ˰ﱾʲôף
ʱɣķӦ̾һĵģ˫Ŀ࣬ŵ㰧ʹΪǽѣȫǳһƬģȻ˴ȱǻϣİʹ
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77  
صĵһ ؼֻ˼䣬֮󣬲˵磬ڤ硣
ؼ䲻أ ֻһƬ磬 ˣ  ͬһƬռڡ
ΪìܲͶ࣬ Եµ飬 ɶΪħ
Ϊħĳ֣ˣ֮սԽĲң ؼһ֮֡
Ϲʱھһսнˣսܣ Ӵط룬Ϊƹط
ȻϹҲһսз׷䣬ֻʣ¼ϹʱڻΨһ Ǹʱһոյ顣
Ϲ֮֮µĵһ飬 ҲΪˣ ¿ٳڤ磬Ϊڹ֮ףƹڤֻء
Ҳǹʱ̫ˣ ֺٳڤ磬 ڹĥ͸ Զ֮
Ͼ˭Ҳ֪ƢΣһɫ
͹򽻵֮٣˭Ҳ˽ڤ֮
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ҹߵг裬٣˵ÿջһΪ
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ʱɣ̲ס٩һȻɣĵ٩һַԼĿڴޱϵĿɵģӨ͸ѵøɾһġ
İɣβȻЦһڳصظͷȮֻͷȮмһˣɲЩһֹãûܻͷԵˡ
ͻȻЦɣ԰׵ıӣԵⱾڵڶˣԿ⽫֮ǳԴף
ʱɣ˹һİۣǲмû˼һףǽЩ˿ǹҪԴ᲻ᱻš
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оԵĺʱʱͲٴȤˣЦӣɣħǶ֪ڵжʵ
ʱɣҲɫ۳һза棬ĵѵٺͱһΣҲ֪ڻʹǺ͹һ֣Ӧûġ
ʱЦûкֵĴ㣬ķУΪȥݵԹ飬ʱ֣񲻾ǹһˣ
ѾУɣϵĺԽŨأֱڹ֮⿪һ·ֱֱͨ·
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˼Ƭ̣ߵɣĬĬ˹Ϊȥϵĺĩһεζ˵ڱҲ֪ЩʲôãҪǿصı£ڱԼˣֻҪڣֻỤƽ
طƣܵõʲôôһ㣬ɣʵ벻ס


78  
Ҫʲôôţ ԼֲԼҪľʲô
˼ãʱĬĬڣҲ˵Ҫʲô̫ҪЩȤģ ؼ䣬 ȤĻҪϺĪ
ϸϸ˼һ طʼ ͵֮䣬 ޳ Ҳͼһ֮ˡ
ǡ˶٣ɣ飬 ɱû˲һһ˿ϣΪģ ȴʲôҲŵϣ
ƷޣʵȴʲôûУ֪Լ鴦ںδ һһȥأΪ˼ɣ ؼ䣬 ûеڶܺһҽ췭ظϵľȤĵط
ת֮䣬 ɣϵı˪Ѿɢȥ˲٣ ɫһЩ Ҳ֣ϹսϹĻмڶŮ˽飬λת˽飬ֻɳ
˵ţȥսɣ飬˾ֻڷ֮䡣
Ŀɣ԰׵ı֮䣬ϢóأһĿɣ飬Ϣ֮֮УͳĵظԹøһ£һˣΪ֮񡣡
ֻδɣĳϾѾһıֻɣЦ˵浱ǷӲɣĻǾˡ
ڹɣǰ治Ƭ̵Ĺ򣬹ĲϾѾһѪۡ
ԼͷƫָűĽ棬һȵɣıڻȿǿǣĵظҲʧΪһȥ
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ɣĻѾ˵ˣҲûȤˣʱ˻ȥֻƵӦţҪˡ
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ģӰЩΣɤӺǱ޵Ѳɱ˯ڱ޵𣿡
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һʱ䣬ɣû취ֵֻӰһĨЦ⣬ŵĳ޵
޵ŵʱ򣬹ЦһԼ޵Լ˯ã˸Сڻ˼
֮Լûвĳ硣
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һߵĽӡĹвɵ룬Լϳ޵ˣڻΪ᲻ᱻħŵʧȥǡ
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һֱڵ궯ƽͣ½ӡѾ˽磬ڵжĹ鶼޷õ
ظͷȮ֮⣬Ҳû֪ϺڵظĹڡ
ѹյħʹԵ˺ܶ࣬ɣɫûкĿڴرϴĿһ
о泹װȥ֮󣬹ڵ⻤
ǵظڤ磬ʹظĹֶԹܶԶ֮ɣרʳԹһħڡ
ʹҲв۵Թ᲻֪Ŀ
Ϊ˱ЩԹҰ£ҲΪ˲ԹŵɣϢڵ⣬ΪϢɣ黤


79  
ʹȼ㣬 ɣ鰲Ȼ˯ϢĻɣϤĻ
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ڻĻ֮ ֱû˯⣬ ȫȫѹ
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ǹѸټʱܣʱѾϴƸˡ
վ֮󣬹̧ظһܾӣӭӱ ӦһЩҪˡ
֮ɣŷӦ ǼȻѾˣҲûʲô˵ġ
ɣһ²ûҵֱƹ磬 ĿŹӦŸϢã ֱŶ룬 кʹҲֱΪʲôˣдһ⻹Լҵġ
Լ޵Ż㱻ѣ ˻Ҫһ٣ һʱ䲻֪
ɣһַվţ һ´ŹǺѣôˣѲɹһֱš
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Ŀɣϼתǳǧ֪ؼ˶飬ҲᵣԼΣȻˣ汾ɡ
ɣڹȻôˬ죬ȻǽеİϷ԰
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ѽѽĳϷɣһ㶼ȥȤûС
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ɣûȤѾԹԵ˵ִƵظľǷֱͲᣬ֮󷽲֪ǷǺͽԼһϷ͸ףܹ˼֮ˡ
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յĹʵڹŹ֣ɣ黹û׾ŹʲôطѾʼӡһӡԼϡ
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Ҫʲôɣʶ̧סԼĶ䣬ͼܹЩ
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ܿЩ֮£ɣͷ˷ӡֵĵطЩԹ˳ŷӡӿһ
ڵĵط


80 ħԨ 
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һ̶İ֮ ɣֻѹԼϵԹȫɢһֱԼԵĿ޺ûˣҲ˲١
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һȺԹڶԳͣ ڲᵽЩ ɣһʲôᡣ
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˺ѷεĿ޺ ùԴۣȻЩ޺ɣ鵱ʱѾ˺ܶࡣ
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ٴϣ ֳ֧Դ Ϊεϵħ޲ߣֻˣɢȥԹ飬 ģ о񡣡
л֮ ħԨ
֪лڵĵطʱɣ֪Ϊι᲻Ȱ
ħԨ֮ɼҶԸ̤ĵط˵֮أôħԨħݺ֮ء
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ѰɶסǸطħţοǱѾħƵɣ顣
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ȻɣȥѾǼᶨӦţӱһδظ͸֪Щ鱾᲻ϧһдۡ
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ǸӣһЦôűҲʧķܳŵþһЩű˽̻
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ħԨĿֲܹ̽ĵܺͿ־壬Ӷ˳УԸħһܣֻɱ¾
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ڵħֿʼɣƻ󣬿ʼԺ˵㿴ûЩαϼһҲûˣֻҪһС
ЩƻͣԺ𣬾ǰõľҲԽԽʵ
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ֹҪ뿪ħԨҪѵ߳ħԨ
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ħɣڣ֪ͬͬУɣÿһ£ڵħһЩ
ɣ˺ۣڵħҲܲˣʹŪþ̲סһ䣺ԼݣȻЩǸ֪Ҳںֺαأ
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лӪҺСʹ 3ƿ
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ


81  
ʲô֮£ ڵǹħŹ˼ܹʧصĻᡣ
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Խߣ ɣԽǹħ˵ʲôǰľҲԽԽģ
֪ʱʼЩκõ˿֮ϣжл˵ˣ һɾմİٴȾ˵ɫѪ
Ե𽥼٣ǰľģѾ֪Լ﾿ʲô ֻϸ˿ڵʹҪǰߡ
ԽħԨߣĿľԽзӦ ֪һлԽԽˡ
ƾеִϲϱ̳˿ڴ⣬ ɣһֱߵħԨľͷ Ǿͷһ϶
ߣԭɣЦһĿľϾȻ˼ƬҶ лڷ϶֮¡
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Ĵɣڵħĸо˲һдۣ۵ľģֹǰĽŲ֮²ϴӣħӷ񣡡
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ֹħշķ磬ڣ˭֪ɣǸӣںЩֻ֪ҪľǸ֮ϵܻ
ħԨݲطⶼղûһ˿ظӵɭ䣬Լ²ŵգǲǱĺħԨ֮һ㡣
Ҳ֪ԼʱĿ־壬ǰľȷʵˡ
ֱָ֦ǰߣһƬгһСС֦Ѿ
ħԨģ֮Ψзɣ
ҵˣһɣȫƲסеϲãһϵʹƣһ˲ȫ֮ԺֻħԨһССѿ
ҵˣҵˣ磬ҵˣ
ôɣȴִһ֦ѾκһƬҶӣԼϵĺὫҶɢ
ճյһ֦Ѿǰ˺ܾã֪ʱȥ˶á
ֱеĿľɣвɣܻع
Ӧ֮ɣ齫ԼеѪ֦Ѿ֮ϣɫѪڴ̵֦Ѿϣ֦ѾһһĶţܹѪֶ೤˼ƬҶ
ֳؼˡɣϢ鸡Ѫл֮һ㽫леĿ֦ڣһ߿Цţһԭ޷Ĳлˡ
һؼĵط˴ĽǿżĲл֧ţʱл겻ڣҲ˱ơ
ڻδңɣ齫е֦ѾۻɵĿͳ϶ȻԥԼǣл֧֮Ž硣
иԼǵĶɴ䣬ɣû˿ԥ
֮ǰоѾ˾ϡ
ɢؽ磬лڵĵطǽķ϶֮ҪȡлƱػƻ硣
Ϊȡл㵼½ٴһƽ١
ܹ޲ؽΨϹ壬Ե֮ʱֻмܹ޲
Ѿ仹ϹѪģֻɣ⸱֮شҲֻٴγ硣
һ˫Ǵл磬ɣ齫Լȫע֮ڣСС϶ʼ𽥱޸
һȫעУطȫħɣڵؽ˲飬ȻȴиǿһӿڣγһӼһı룬ɣȫ⡣
ɣƾŽʶЦһ𣿱ˣҲ뿪
ȫɣȫڣʶȫ𽥶һƬ֮ڡ
ǹħɲģɣ黹һ˿ʶԺ֮һƬ˼Ļɣ뿪֮ҶBһǵƻ
һǵĵƻɣ𽥻ָʶħƻѵȥ㲻ص˼ﻹеȥĵƻ𡣡
ڵҡ
ɣָ˶ʶصڣǹħϣЩ棺˼䣬Сӣ˾Ҳˣһȥ᲻һ裿𣿡
ᡭ
Ἣһ֮̾ɣոջָʶٴ𽥻
ɣƶҶBһ裬ΪĻļϲΪһ˽һзǧꡣ
ڻֻǸˣڵ㣬˼Ψһ֧ţɣ㵱𣿡ħȻģȻһƵĻܹɣзӦħ˵ȥ
ȻõĻӦȴɣһЦ׷ˣвлλͻһļ䣬ֻҪǵͲѹʱֻҪĨȥҵļ䣬ǵȻͲѹˡ
ͲСˡħɹƻš
ɣֻӦò֪Ĳл̫һ޷л꣬Ļǻ᳹ɢֻеĻܼȥ޷ѡ񣬼Ȼ˳Ҳá
ˣ֪ҽ췭ظһڵϺ˰Ҽ˻ȥȫˣһƬ
ǧֻԸĻþУٻþǸֻƤС


82  
ˣ
һλСͯ·ɸʱ һƬҶƮ̧ͷȥɸǿµϣȻҶ
ͯһ񶯣 ׷ǰɸ ɸнǽȥ ȴܿǿÿϳҶ
ľͳħԨĽ֮⣬ һл˳ſľɸ֮ϵ֮ڣ ɸڵ֮ϾȻҶ
ˣΪ֮䶯
վɸ֮⿴ųҶһʱ
 𣿡
𺳻δƽϢֿʼһζ
𵴣ѡ
Ȼ𵴲һӵʱƽ
һžǹֱϺ ϺϿƸǶЪ
ɸϵİѿ
һ̷·һԼһ㣬ɫɷף ָѪУȴ֪ʹǺθо
񡭡ɣ
΢һȴ˵һĻ
Ҳԭվ˺ܾòŻع ͬϺ䡭

ɣΪϺֻŻ䡣
ڼɸ֮ϣ 顣
һ󶼱ϺѾ䡣
 Լʵ
ʲôҪˣ
һվɸ֮þòܻعģǧǰҹλС
ϺϿյĺĶ䣬Ӧ֮汾ȥϺ
˽⣬ ֪ɣ䶨ȻϺ ˼䣬 Ǹڻܱ֡
ӦסĽŲִ֣֮Ը΢峤ǰϺ
ԥƬ̣ҡͷϺ֪ʲô
̧ɨһ۾ۼɸ񣬳ĹϺ֮⣬вɼҰϲʣµֻк档
һĻǧҲֻһЦСһУҽϺأ
˼һǰɣĹϵз΢ϺãҲӦ֣ߵͷ񣬷΢峤ؾ콲Ϣأ
ͬһʱڣգ𶯣Ϻ䣬²̫ƽˡ
ΣյϺˣʲô̫ƽأ
Ÿոջص붼ҶBԭ˯ðȣȻĿһۣ˫̲סĿڴҲһֱڲ
飡
һֲĸоӿͷ
ʱͻȻ콵ֲ꣬ĸоԽŨء
߳ʱʮѾվϣӦŷԶԶԶ
ϲֵʮģ˿ޱȰɫûаЦĸо·һһ
ҶBʮĵͷһۣʣҲо𣿡
ҶB֪˵ʲôӦǷˣ
ֽŴϻˮʢĵˮȴ̹ǡ
ǵɣϲʱ΢
ɣʲôط֪
֪һΣգںδ֪
һҶBоôôãȻ
ô꣬Ϊܹܶգÿһζɣ鵲ǰ
뱣Ǹ˶ûҵãã֪δȥѰ
ѾֹһγۣҪҵɣλãȫͽ޹
һʹʧ֮ҶB̧ͷʮʵҵʲôط
ʮվϣϺķϷ·һ㺮һ㣬߬ȭͷָָѾѪУҧ촽ѾҧһƬѪۡ
ҶBŵͷʵҶС㿴ϺϿգϷ䣬Ϻ֮䣬
ʮĲʵòܡ
һ˲䣬ҶBôϣԼǲˣܸоڵۻתô۵˾Ͳأ
ʮҿЦЦõģۻϣܸо۵ڣһµĶԲԣ㲻˵ǿ𣿡
ʱҶB֪ʲôԡ
ԼãȻ˺һֻյĿ紵ϣܸоĲǱ䣬͸ı䡣
֪ڷڳվ˶ãоӶҪľٴ̧ͷʮʣ֪ʲôط𣿡
һſڣƬ̵ĹˣѾɳƵԼ
վϵʮҡҡͷ˵ҲһϢҲҲܸоֻ۵Ϣ
ʮҲǱϺ춯ѣһȥϺõĽֻ䡣
ʮѾԼʶɢȥɣϢֻϧҶBϵ֮⣬ҲûϢ
һʱҶBоԼĿʹҪվվȣֻܷ˻¡
ǰ·𿴵ɣ鰲ϵģ
û뿪ǲǾпϣһ̸Цꣿ
кҩô۸ʲôҶB
ƫƫϣûкҩ
ԺͻȻӿһЩֵĻ棬໭һʱȫӿԺУҶBӾͺըһۡ
Щ䲻˵ǲڵĺСӣļ䡣
ΪҪŲסʱһ˫סһעڣƽͻʹС
飡
ҶBʶͺһڴǸˡ
Ȼȴһе
һŵҩ֪ʲôѵȱ룬Ϣ˳
΢ʮĴʮʧǵӣ΢ԼҲܡ
ȻʮĿ֮󣬱ŵδ䣬ʼ̣ˡ
΢ļο֪ްɣ޳һЩ
ʮĵĿδֹҶBһЩصǲһɣȻأ壬ǿģħȻѲΪϲΣʲô飿
ҶBĴͷֻ֮ܿƬ
ûп飬˵Ҫ뿪һҾȥˣӦø߲ߵġ
ϲ˵ʱûгǺҶBİο㣬ǰϲ͵ܣߣǰסοڡ
ֻ֪ģ
͸̨ҶBܹڹŵİͼɣԼǰ
ֻϧһξ룬·ǰʵңɼ޷
֪ںδ
һ𣬼˻ͷһֻվڳĻ֮¡
ʱѾƽζЦ⣬һؿҶBǵطǲɢ̫죬ʱȥһ


83 ʼ 
Ļɫ䣺˵ĵط ѵǽħԨħԨ֮ĸأ
ħԨڽ֮⣬Ǹط ħ֮ʲôûУ ȷʵɢ ͬģ ׳Ϊħ顣
֮Ϲûпǣ ֻ΢΢˵ͷ˼䲻 ˵һлħԨǰȥлȡڻԸħԨ Ҫֻǰȥ
лҶB˫ֱȭҾ˸
ȻȴҶBһ̽Ӹ࿪ɸѾҶ ˵꼴λ񣬱ɲܡ
˵꣬ һӡҶBϣѵĻڣ ӡܹҵĻǣ ǱлħԨҲбΣҵ
ӡֱ֮ӻ˵ظ
֪ɣħԨ֮ ҶBһҲ ֻԼһֽ ֱħԨϡ
ħԨ֮⣬ʹ֪ħأ˭Ҳûͣ½ŲһֱħԨضȥ
ǵħԨͷн˭Ҳٽһɫصһ϶ȫѾϣǽȥɣĻţҲ
ԣҶBִ磬ûбֱӴ˽磬ˣҲлһסңܽȥ
ȵȣ΢סҶBԼøҶBҺ޷ȥħԨĸرضħأɣڻþҵķܹƳþҲþ
лҶB΢һлֱһͷħԨء
ΪɣҶBǲᱻħԨνħӰ죬ȥȥķ壬ֱӿ廹йӡҴ߶۵ϢħԨ֮ѰɣϢ
ûϢ壬ҶBħԨڲã̾ͱ˷ӿħϽһþС
סɣ鲻ԸʣҲͬļ䡣
ǰλϺϺһͨ
Ϻ֮£ϺԨŵһԨгǳϺһĵϣұλˡ
СһοϺ֮磬Ҳǵһο⣬оϵĸо
Сʶλ
һůůԼԣӴͲֻޱߵĺڰ
Ϻ壿Ǹһµɾ˰죬Ҳֻóôһ仰
ҿȻǸº紺һǰ´죬Це˵ϺпûаĪһڴʧ˷СҰɣ
һҡҡͷҡɡüɿģɽҰݿ϶򵥡
˵ž͸Сһ˿ΪȥǳС˲仯һСꡣ
ΪѪĹϵССһͷβ֮ЩɫΪ档
Ȼ۽һųɫѪ롣
ոջûһӣ͸˺ԼһİۣЦӯӯĿСԼ
۲С˼ʹֻһֱӻΣһҰǲܳģ
ãȻˣһ˫͸ճӤһ¶ָɾ
ɴֱ̽ļ䣬ȻļһƬʲôûˡ
ûоûУҲںСʵںÿ̲ס࿴˼ۡ
˺һᣬʱº͵ЦһλЦ˵쿴С֮ģÿպ󳤴˵ñ㻹ҪΡ
ôһסԼ仹ƳСۣȻʲôһ顣
úúãˬʴЦȻСʵԸ𣿡
ССİ֪Щֻ֪ÿúܣͿԼСַֻڡ
ͷһγϺԨ˵ᣬֻǰ˳úÿԼԸߡ
СķӦüЦȻһԵȴüǵ治¸Լ鷳ɵСһкΣֻ»鷳
鷳鷳ʲôʱ鷳ˣ
⣬ѸոջεСϲƯСĻϲ㲻ҵɸ̫𣿴һСȥҲá
㣡֪Ȱ˦˦ӣԼɸȥˡ
Ӵ֮Сͱɸ֮С
С֮Ӳٿ﷦ζʼС˵ϰֻ֣ҪԼģһȫ̻С
Сѧϰ츳Ǻܸߵģۼôӵķܺܿѧᡣ
յĹɬѶ֣Ҳܿö
ٴɸʱСֽһһŤд֡
ķ棬С׾ѧᣬΨд֣ôдá
˶ʱ𿴵С֣ЩǣЩӣСΪֳˣ츳һѰҰ򵥣Ҫţ
ȻһЦԶ׼õģҼҪžһỤȫ
𣺡ڹ㣬ֲǲ֪ΨһϹΪжһ紵ݶ޲ðӳȥ
񣺡ҹҵӣ磬ɡ
Ȼν𳶿⣺СЩӣȡûУ
ӵһ٣ûСȡ֣ˡ
С֣ȻĿȥ
һͽ飬ΪɣΪɣͽɣ飬ô
ƳСʲôСϲϲ֣
͵͵һǣߵСǰιʣԺҽ飬ɣ飬ϲ𣿡
СֺǺǵһڣȡ֣ϲ
˭ôģԼһ˲հףϲ両Ƭơ
ɶ˵ʾϲͿô𣿡
ͻǸӣʲôҲ˵ʲôʲôˡ
ССľٶȴüϸ΢Ĳ
СԴ۽ǳСûֶֻ׽˲
ѵ粻׽𣿡¶ɣ鵱ʱʲô˼ֻ֪ոŵľǼ׽Ҳ
䣬ٴһƬհУ׽ˣûһʱ֪
ʧ֮ʱ俴Сһд֣ŤᣬżƴҪÿҪǲϸ֪һ֡
۾һۣСǲǣ
С˼ˣСżҲд֣ȥ档
һˣǣ֣𣺡˼֣ȥ˼һȦ


84 ʶ˼ 
ЩɣҲһֱ˵˼ַ ҪȤöࡣ
Ҫ˼һȻ˵Ҫ
˼䷱ۣĻɣĿϾӣһССҲá
磬 ɶ˵˼ķ˶ɣ ҿ˼Ȥ ģ ʲôĶûСɣôҲ벻ף һãȻż
ǣɣСС֣ ڷ˼ֵϣ˵񶼲ô壬ʱˡһͬΪ˼֣ ɴΪӦԲΪΣ̰ͼ֣ طֿӦþְء
һɣȻǰ붮 һ˫۾һĿżĿС
ҡȵЦ񰡣 Żμ죿ֶϲף һƪ¶һܶף˵ЩҲ
ȻȻҶBƽȤ 츳Ƿ ѿ պضҲܷΪ֮𡣡
СŲǻμգȫ磬츳ֻЩӶ
Сһο㵹˸ð֣պС󣬱ضܳΪұۡ
ȴþòӦֱɣܵǰ濴һС̯ˣںС˵ҵϣսգһֱһͺá
Ѿ֪ǧص𣬼ʱɰС֪ҲͷӦţҲֻҳɸһҷ֮ǰ֪ɸôأиˣҲ
ǰɣѾڳż֣˷ܵľһСˣֳֳ
ǺЦ߹ȥɣԴʵҵʲôģ
ɣ˫־Сˣ񿴣ֳС˵ĿǲǺֳĿƣ
̯ôһЦԼ˵ӴСү˵ЦˣǻƽļСүô˱ȡ
Ҽֳǡ
ɣ˵ľǰ֮ˣֻЦŽϣȻǮ̯׵ᣬĪ֡
һʼɣ鿴Ż棬̯Ļ֮󣬸Ļ̯ûϳе
ֳǿе˾ǰǻϲ
ӵǼ򵥵ģˣٴĵĺͣ˾ػ䰲ǻ䲻Ϊ˼ƽο˼в͸¶ݡ
ףɣãȻҡҡͷʵ벻Ϊʲô
ʱĳ̵˶ΪͨܣҲǸҪԶˣΪ׽˶˷飬ӶΪ˷˷ֻǴֻڷһʱֱɣ̰ں쳾
ŶɣƵӦһƶǶ¶ţ̰쳾˵Ժ˼𣿡
˵˵ȥСֻںЦãСԴʧЦֻҪúд֣Թֳʹ棬òã
úдּ֣ɣСʱͿܹȥץסӣָһǵǡ
ԭֻǿֵʱһ㶣ĽģŪǣСƫһҲøһģôˣСҲúһһ
ٶ̫죬һʱ䶼ûзӦЦøں棬ǣǮĻǼ
ɣ鱧һǣһ͵˾Ȼڼҫһǡ
ֻС¶ѣǿʱˣɣװһܲ˵˵С飬ֳǮҲֳÿպ˯ôһ뵽𡣡
ɣ鳯żһĹܵСţ粻д֡
ֱԭԶԡ
ûзӦһһǾͱ˼ĿУˣСҲ͸㡣
ɣ˫ŸСˣױһĵݵǰҲ͸磬粻Ҫġ
ԭĲľװģǱɣôһĺţͻȻúһģø죬޷ơ
磬ȥǰ濴òá
СǣסԼʱ򣬼񶼲֪ԼʲôֻǱǣǰߡ
ҡǰ˻ΣЦʲôأᱻСŪɵ˰ɣ
ع֮󣬼ЦЦһƵģȻ㲻ŸСһ֮Ȥ𣿡


85  
żһ֮ڻΣ ҡ˼ۣ˵ǲȤҲ֪֪ľȤ
վԭأ ѾԶԶ׿С Ұ˸ϸǹ⣬ ܾ֮ŴЩϣصκȨܻʧĳģ ˣ Ҳ⣬ ֻϣһֱ˾ͺá
֪뵽̾һԼο˶ѬıȨƣӾһŰֽ ԶЩۻ࣬ȻԶһƬӳġ
ǿ߼ӣȾͷã 㣬ҪСȥ㣬㷲Ļ㣬 ɲɱϵɡ
ǱݸЦˣһʱЦãɱħ򵥣 £ ӡ
ЦÿɬһϸĹҲʧʧҲգ ߸ϵһλ ֵ˾ͺá
ǰСѾԽԽԶ Ⱥ֮ɢĪеǳ˦첽׷ǰԶС
ں̾һҡͷε˵Ų⣬Ҫ治㻹뵽ǿķǡ
˼䵽ҹַǷһ·ϷǣȴңԶǣ໨ȻҪȤöࡣ
ۻҵĻУɣһ۾ͿһյƣŻƾͲٲҪ֡
һɫÿĵɣקȥŷϱȻţΪʺСһ
ѾõӵƵɣԵúܣڶԼͷͷϵĶԼҲ
ֻм࣬˵ŷòҵСӴɺһ֦չɣô˵ɾͲˣϳŻдСôΣúôһôԵࣿ
˵Ż´żһɫۣž죺Ӧ˵ɱպһʲôȤζûС
żЩеŵӣҲˣʼ٩ǻ̫û㿴ڶãиСһģ˼Ҳ벻ˡ
˼Ҳһգǣɣʵÿ𣿡
ʱɣϻһǺ«ԵýζĵòУôһʻΪҪȥˣ̾Ϳʼקż磬һ죬ܲܲҪȥ˼仹кöҶûм
һ˫۾ĿԼδӦѾ㶼ôˣѵó͸͸˼һ񶼲һյĹ򣬶һкη
硭ֻԼһвסֻôӦ
˼䵽ҹһƬڣɣ㿪ʼֲ
һ˼Ŀջʱס£ɣȴԸԼţһ죬ССѾƣ룬ƫƫ˯¡
ٵķɣȴԽˣڴϲĿż
ǲ˯ˣͲԱˣ
ССһڴϣԵùֿġ
ٷ£ϣʵСǲºڣҲԼţ
СףҲʲôоãȻҡҡͷżһ½ǣ˵̫ˣһϢ͸֮ǰĵطһںģһҲûУҲϲ
֮ɣʶʼһֱǸطûûһ˿Ҳ֪ʲôط
֮֮ͲٱסҲٻصǸطȥ
˼ҹʼѾĲֻôһ˵Ǿۡ
̧ͷСԴЦã粻صǸطȥˣ㸧˯˯˸Ҳ뿪ڰûС
á˱֤֮С̹ϱűӣŴ۾ż񿴡
С黹ڶۣġ
ڶ𣬱СƽȣһξС
һֱڴ֮˵ĺƽȣȷѾ˯֮ͣߵϸϸ۲˯Ƿȡ
һȥ֪̽Сļ䣬һƬڡ
ΪһƬδڲףСǿñĻҪ硣
һƬڵȷСļ䣬ļֻһƬޱ޼ʵĺڰžޱ޼ʣεض֪
Ǽȴ֪ϺСôӦϺϺ˾ģֻһطǾϺԨ
Ҳ֪ôᱻֵطǸС
̾һССĶȴ˯С˯еĶСı˱ӡ
ĬĬڵٴֱ


86 Ѩɽ֮ 
סС ˼䵢˼ʱŻصɸ
һʱ֮񶼶֪һСӣɸԽ̵
񶼣û·ɼ֪ӱΣǺζ֪ ֽӻý Ҫټӣ ˡ
˼һֵС ص֮ȴٲϺú
ֹˣ Դ˼ջٺС˯֮ صɸСҲһżÿյٺ˯
ƫƫÿն˯ãܻεϺԨеѹ֮С
˼֮»õݻһζ԰ϣ㣬ϼСܹ˯һҹٱѡ
Լ˸֣ Ϊ١
ɸ֮һٶ̵꣬СֹȤ෱ˣ ӹú̹
ֻϧһٶȥˣɣֻһۣɣдŵ֣ ۾ۣС飬滳ǹҵǲǣ
ɣ㬿ż 㬵ұͲϲЩ дҲдãòҺ絽˼һ⡣
ŸᵽѾɸڣ ɣдֽϵǧģ ֻһ̾Ͱ۾ƿ ۾С飬ӦҲдÿùЩ˵Ҳû˵
⻰˼ɣ֪̾˼ʼ㿴дòôҲһֲдˣͷһպòã
ֻҪɣһмܲסżƣ㿪ʼǻ̬ȻǺõģСɲһֻ۱һֻҲ͹ȥˣαô档
ƲһһͣʱƳݵģһˡ
Լ𵹻ͦģӺŵ㲻ܺùһһû˼
˵ž̧ɣ鵽ǰЦ㿴ɸڶģ㵽ȥ˶ʱ䡣
ǲʡĵģҲţںѵվǷӳ׵ӣɱʱ
ҡӦţ֪ˣʱġ
Ȼ÷裬лŷϲ£ɣһ֮ͻصҩͱõĺһҲ󵽵Ѩɽʱ
еĵλǷӳףеλɼˡ
Ѩɽһʱַ֮Ƿ̶ֳȶϵ˼仨ƻᡣ
ֻϧЩһ̫ȤɣֻϴһܲԼܿˣɽµϪ׽ŪССϺ
ɿϪһ㣬ҪȥץʱˮͻȻðһ۵СѾͷˮɣһ
һˮɣ黹δСѾͷǿʼȷѣɣһ䣺ĸ쵰˱㣿
СѾͷͷƢǲСɣһѾסСĺСѾͷŲҰʯͷˮɲˮ壬ˮã
һʼ治СС˰ˣ˳úÿСѾͷϾͱ̬ȣŴɣѣȻϱȥ˵ģÿ
СٶȻһĿ죬ɣһʱЦãһɫµСʵ㲻ǷС΢ɣ
С˸òУң㻹û·ɼң
һˮɣ˰ѷ΢һȥһԶЩ
΢Ǿ˳úãЦȥҸץòã
ϲˮĺӣûһ˾һˮһ飬Ҳץ˲װ¨΢ɣЦеûе˼ǿɺóˣҲЩ㿾˳ô
ûŪЩţɽһˣһۿڰŪɣ飬һӾ£ǰϸ۲졣
ɫеĿ⿴ɣڣ㿪ʼĴ˭Χ
һ̧ͷͿһ绪վǰɣ򦣬ϸ˷ܵСͯǰôû
ɣҪѣȴϵ·ͣһȫˣֻҧ쵰ſ
һԣССķ΢Ҳʼק˵°ڣֻϧ̫С㣬ĵĻӵ°ڶղ
Ȼӷ΢̫ˣһһ΢ϣǸ΢˽÷΢һ仰˵
һ˾߲ƣɣˣŭӣǲҪǵѨɽǷС
Ŷ˳ӦһЦҲ㶯㳤õǺÿɾߣúô㡣
ģɣŭˣ˾ǿɣƤңҲֻ˫۾ÿϸϸ۾
һŭ֮ͬʱһǿӭϮץɣ˱ֱƿ
֮ɣܶˣȥһŭվں棬Ͼܵȥ
ƿ֮˺ǲӵżŭϺҷ
ǲŻãôһ֮񷴵ЦˣͬһѰһͩϣ˭˱ϵˣϺˣҲģ
ֱɣקżʱŵͷȥʵû˵ɣ
ɣҡҡͷָŻŵķ΢ҽⲻ
ʱЦû˵ͺãԼôҲ˵һ
֪Լ鷳ɣ鲻ٻ죬ͷСҴˡ
һӼҲˣһ߽⿪΢һοûй㣬ղǲŵˣ
ɣͷӦţøÿ졣
ſͰ͵Сŭͷתڰ϶һӡϺ̳ĺöӣ£ǽվϺúʰ㣡
ӡ֮һ֮ʹ֮һ𣬶ƫҪúһһĸо
Щ֮ŴżɣһͬصѨɽ֮ϡ
ŻصϲãһɫƳ۵ɼҾ͵˼ǰż˫Ҿ񣺡ղμ
֪Ϊʲô̧ۿŰգ˵Ϊ˰
յҲϣĵܰСӣСĹһء
һڱоƣŰյʵԹԼ⿪ˣ
ǣδӦʣԶĽˡһʱ䰽յͷѹøˣ²׼˼ʱ


87  
ɽ°ϵ ȷʵǼҪΰûмԽ⿪˵ǰˣ Ϻˣ Ҳ֡
Ҳڼ£ ֪ӿ 񶨻ط Ļ ʱ񶼲ƽϣ͸˵ôص𷣣ɼһμŭˡ
Դ˿ڼǰոͲԣ ϸ۲һһ
վڼµڰյΪʮ˽⣬ǶϺӿɾͲˣ ײ˰ᱡɣ飬ǿߵĺӣ̡
ߡЦһ ųϺ磬ϺڵѨɽϺΪ Ǳĵӣ ôɼҪβֻع
ղһ죬ֻӦǣǲ̧ۿһķӦ
Ǽ˿ûҪĹ˼ ĿɲǱ Ǳĵӣ ĵǲҹҲΪ
Ļ˵úˣֻҪĵӸˣܷŹ
һ֪Ѿ΢ лתɣ񣺡մСɾСɾ̧֣ĹҶܡ
һ뵽ղŰֵľٶɣϵĹӶˣֻһھƷ˻ȥһƵ磬ɽµ˺ܹ֣ѵҲˡ
ãɣԴȻյĵӲĹĶܺúóԣΪҲһˣ̫Ӧñȱǣ˷úðգ֮ӡҲܻصϺȥˡ
ӡɲֹһʹУǻĵΪð죬ٶҪѵһƤ
ǿż̬ȣ֪һŹֻ˸ʧ顣
ѨɽַǷΨаɽŻ֮ʹ
صɸ֮󣬵֮ʱСԱ߰Ա߿ţһľ֦ԱѧűȻһ
һ׽ֻСǰȻһΣСֻһξȻһвȫȻ
˽ЦӯӯߵСǰЦҪѧ𣿡
ɣ¶ĵͷӦţҺܶ෨Ǿǲҽǹκ书ңѧúܺá
˵ɣ黹ǳԺ֦ڼǰȻʽһвֻȲ˲٣Ҳ̫淶ָϰĻһܽ١
ʱɣʧĵͷСڵѨɽʱǸ۸ңʱһὣĻһԼͰʲôҲᣬܶܲ
ԼһĨǸ⸡ͷϸİοǸˣ۸ǰ㽣ѧǵȥܴίȻѧͽ㽣ҪסֻԱС
õ֮ͬɣ̲ϵͷӦ
дɣٶȵǿֻֻ࣬Ƭָ㣬еľ裬ֻһĹ򣬾ܰɸĲøˡ
ű÷ĲãŶͷֱӡ
ɣͷŴٺ٣ûпƺȡ
ʱһСͯ˵Ҽ£ɣԴЦûϵ˾ͻˣԼ뿪һ
ãֻҪɣд֣һԼ²ûмĿܣԼܹԹϰ
ڸոձ˵һԺ棬ϸ΢ɣ齫һȥ˭ں棿
ķ߳һӣɣϸһ˳ڵѨɽϼϺ̫Ӱա
ûʲô⣬ɣҲͽ԰˵Ҹ𣿸粻ڣ̸ȥˡ
Ӧţ֪ټСġ
Ҹʲôɣ鲻ףǵúϺʲôҪ˵нҲڵѨɽϵìܡ
ǼѾȥܾˣԼˡ
ջɣǰһξͣ½ŲɣСڵѨɽ϶СɾȻѾ˶ܽѵС˼ȥǾСɾ
Ѩɽ֮ɣԺڰɣһʱ䵹ǺܲڰֳֵѾǼһˣֲңΪʲôÿζ
Դ˰շǳǸ⣬СӣСɾеûй̺ܽãӦеΡ
մóУ˫ɣ飬ϿҵڵѨɽϣСע⵽Сɾϲʳصص˼ѰЩʳϣСɾϲ
򿪽ȫǸָĸ㣬ЩɣģЩûмģ˼ĵࡣ
ǺϲЩ㣬ɣ黹ҡͷܾҲĶȥĶԹѾȥܵ޿ɷֱ棬Ѿˣ͹ȥˡ
ƢյǺϲЦţСɾƢĺ񡣡
ɣԴŰգʵֳ𣿡
š΢Цŵ˵ͷ˵ڼµҵĽһ󲿷ҲԼ̵СɾҪڼڣҲΪСɾָһ
ֻҪᵽɣŻ²ԭջЩң֮䣬һӾǶĺһ٩٩̸
֮ɣֱڵϣ̧ͷŰգܾ˺Уɸ̾һֵܻ֣ܵŵòУĻǺϲ˱ǲ󡣡
ɣߣΪͷиֳ۴ʲô˶ţΪ֣Ϻ̫ӣȻΪ
˵Űճ̾һÿһ֪÷ÿһζ޷ĺǣʲô飬һ
ɣ˵ͷƶǶŻܵ˵Ǹ飬ͷʰ̯ӶԲԣ
յ˵ͷڵĸݸɣ飬Ȼ󻺻ù֣վˣѵ֮Ҳˣһμֽܹѵһ٣ʱ֮ǲٷˣҪллǡ


88 ˼ 
ӡðĻ֮࣬ ҲһΪɢȥ߰˰ˣѵڣһʱ᰽ǲˡ
˵֮ģɣѾһеĸԹˣ յĵͷһ¿˵ĽУ ֽһи˹ȥ
տɣŸаӣ мĽ ɣٻ Ȼд£ ܻʱɸڣպڵʱҡ
ɣôһ㶣ǻŹ𻨸м ʱֿЦðٸҳȥҪ˵˵ǰսϵ顣
áպǺƵĿɣ飬 ֽǵĹ𻨸мĨȥʼ˵֪Ĺڼ顣
ټ֮˫̸֮˺ܾã Ȼʱһء
һټͼϣ 칬֮ͬȹϵһͣⲽ ȴʱȥһ͸һ֡
ֱڳ̾ӭȥżʵôã ûΪ㣿
ճʱѹ ǿӭ֮ϳһĨЦ⣬ ӦţѽʲôأôΪѵңֻǰЩӻ˰һΪϺв߿һˡ
˵ɣǲģɵѾһգϺǸرɢӵΪҪҧŲţֻ¶ڵĴ
Ȼѹûзϣֺ̯νҶȥˣôģҪʲôع˵СʱסңҲ
ģӵˣĳӣҲŸӵģµľǸʱƷûǸҪȨģµľĳһ죬Ǹ˼رڻһߡ
ôһ˵˲ͰѼˡ
ϹŻ֮ѣϹŻ弸ȫ䣬ֻʣ¼һλϹһոյ飬ǻʱع֮ӡ
طֿͽ׵ĺӽ̵ƽӡħԨڵ񶼣Ǹλá
˵ûмĸͲڵ񶼣û
УȻܹһܸһ֪һ֪·ĵ֮󣬾ǧټҪ֪ǸӾǺηʥ
ԼһִĺӣԼǴһ
Ƽɫ䣬ûټ˵ȥˡ
֮󣬼еıһĨЦݣֳһںӣúһҽʵڲð˼񶼵İС
Сʱ˸۸񣬡ǵ㣬û¾ˡ
ǴҩܳģڿûҲͷˡ
صɸʱѾ뿪ɣץеС棬ץַţץֻһ㲻š
һɣܹ̾ȥֱ˵ϣڼв磬̵ĽѾˣܴܲҵ˼棬ո˵˺ܶ˼Ȥĵط
ƵһӾͱɣûˣְ̧ɣɫˣô治֪˭̵ġ
䣬ɣ̧ͷڼһ£Ц̵ģ˵Ҳһٶ꣬ͻСԸ
ͻȻٱ׵һ£ĴüȻ٣ͨͨ˷硣
Ѿɣڶ˵ʲôֻǵһ˲ϱĴС
֮δע⵽ϸƬ糺죬ɣԴЦŵǸ˵Ա־ٶ𣿡
Ȼɣ˫峺͸żǵ˵ǰΪ׽˰
һʱ֮Ȼ֪𣬿ȴΪԷ򵥵һ仰ӿһů
ǰԼųĺӣƺʱ޿̶ڸԼ벻ľϲ
ֻҪɣ鱧ż˲һ취ûˣһƬ֮乴ɣһָ棬ǰЩǸմȥ˼ôôˣ
ɣʱ죬ʱ粻ڰ͸һ˼棬ƣ̻𡣡
ѾˣﻹپֻܾܴӦٵ˼һߡ
˼֮ɣͿʼŰ˵ģʲôط棬ʲôʱкóԵġ
ɣһֻӣԼûзԼһһĨº͵΢΢Ц⡣
ǰ˼֮ɣ飬ڵ˼֮Զ˼ͷģȴǼԼ
ɣعͷ󾲾ĿԼɣϾܹһ˵ݸ˷ܵ磬˺ÿֺ𡣡
ӹˣֻǳǳһڣܹ˵ζ
ɲҪԶάɣ֮ǰҲֻƷƣζȻ͵ˣͻȻ䳢ѿǵ壬һʱ仹ϰߣһ뵽ɣϲζȻжġ
˼䲻֪ʲôգ֣ѾҹǽֵѤõ̻񶼿ľ
ɣ̧ͷϸʽ̻𣬿ĵֱż˷ܵҪ
С飬˼𣿡̻𣬻ǳһ£š
˼Ľֵ̫ɣ黹ΪԼˣãȻԼĿ⣬񣬱һʼĲ˼飬ٵ˷ֻ֮ôһСᡣ
ɣ鱾ϲ˼̻֣ʹɸʱٳɾ̫͹¼ţŻֳʲô۶ӣֵɸڲð
Ҫ˼䣬Ȼ˷ܵòС
˼ʱ񶼵ʱ䲻ͬ˼˼ʱ䣬ȴֻǹȥ˼ʱˡ
ʹɣԶҲдãҲһĵһһдá
ôɣܹдõģҲֻС񡹶֡
ͬһĵһԣɣ齫ǧġеÿһֳдȴͻȻԺӵС
ǷɸУҲٻȻ俴һֲԤС
磬񶼵飬ɣ֪̫࣬Աһ̸֮
ֻһϢħԨңҪƣֻмܹƽ
ֻħԨ飬ò˰һȥʮĻǾһˡ
ǻʱϹԪ֮ǽҲֻϹܹ޲


89  
¹ؽͬСɣ Ӧ̶ǰȹ֮һ뵽ɣ黹˼䣬ԥ
һ˼ֻ֮شȻ ܿͻǰ񶼡
˼ʱ粻ͬ ˼䶺һ죬 粻һյĹ һյĹѾ˼ܶˡ
֮ ͷɣʱڲԶ̽Դ ˫ĿԼСʣҪ˶𣿡
˼ҲҪص񶼣㲻ɣͷ񶼳ˣ Ҫһȥ⣬Լ˼䣬Һܿͻ
Ϧϼ͸еҶɣϣ ôԼĺӣ˿̼Щ
һٶ꣬Ӵδ뿪ߣ ԼҪ뿪£޷ġ
ʹԣ ɣҲӼжĵǣ ɣԴǳǳЦģҶѾˣ켰ˣ õҵġ
ԴϹŻ֮ٹȥ֮ δ¹ ϹŻ֮ٻϹƴűס̫ƽϹҲֻм
˵źܿܽ¹磬Լ֪Ҫ೤ʱʰ
ȥǲģɣҩĵ̣Զ񶼣Ұ͵ҩȣ
ɣһ˵УСԴżؿڣţֲСˣո˵˼öսǸ̳ĺӣٳһ㣬ܺ͸һսˡ
ôҲ벻һμɣ顣
ǰŸմǰħ֮أձɢ߰˲ΪİͰβסżڴɣ⡣
۵ã˴ͨаΪɣúһ
ս£ΪҽٵҲҪҩûжľտɣ顣
ᣬĻ׾ͰɣϺĵ֮ϡ
˱뽫ѵһΪɣ鳤˲֮ģһͬǿиɣ֮ҩ
в֮£Ժɣ֮䣬ƺĳֽƣΪ˲䱩ǣֽĻɱˡ
Ҽһ֮ӵҲ󣬴¾񶼡
Ϊħ鷢جģ֮ǲȻŭֱɣ˻ȥѹΡ
ɱĻŭֱӽɣɢ괦һ뵽Ǽ󣬲ƵƵ󣬲Լ͸ӶȤˡ
Ϊһ㣬ص˽ɣѹС
ɣĵһۣ;úܲȥ̽һ£ʱһ׽ӣ̶Ծһ
ӸµĸɣʱΪҩ糺ϵҩʵ߱𣬼Ӻδ
ӣɣȷʵеСӦţϺ
ϺǺõúܣɫһְ˼֡
ȥϺŭ⣬̻ȥϺ
̺̾ĿϺ
ͻȻϺзһʱҲ֪Ϊ¡
Ϻ˵뵽һ£˿ֿɣ鱻ѹڴϣӦΪĻһŭ߿ࣺӲ֮ǰҶǽĻɱ˵񶼣ֻպɳɴ󻼣Ӧ
ЦһһϺ
ĿתЦЦϺ˵Ҫӣģ
̬Ҳð׻ش
ɣ֮̽һ̱ڵϣΪŭ
˿ףѾ˵ʲôûãҲ޴ӽͣڵ̹ȻӦ֪ƣã
ãѾѹŭȴԱǣʵΪȴϺ˽ͨںεأ
һϯϺѹɫһ԰ף˲ڵϣϢŭСһʱƷ´еǰԴΪء
֣ϺǺôĸֺǣѱԵͷת򡣡
һŭȣ˦һϺƷڵأò棬һֱӴϺѪ
⺢Ѿ쵽֮꣬ҪĻڹڽղŷӣϺô꣬Щɷѿˡ
Ϻ˽֮ͨҪӣδܽеĺŪ񶼶֪С
ղ󣬵ûл֡
µĺɱض󣬵ʱ˽ͨסˡ
Ϻ֮ĽӻһӤİϺϺԨ֪
ôҲ벻ΪϺħʱϺһ󶯵Ԩİ
Ѫ֮£ԼΪֻҪʶ̽һܷ֣̽Լɣ˽ƣǴŲӣôû쳣
ѹ֮£Ϻ󶼲ҳܹ
ʱһűƿֱӴڣ̹һƬ̿ӦţˡСʵס񡣡
ɫѾٺڣ̸ֽ̧ǲ˳ȥ
ɫÿҲ֪Էŭ֮Уؾص񣬡鼱֮£òôˡ
ʹؾص񣬿ϣǰ㿴֣̿Ӧţ޿֣źͼ죬͵𲻻ᷣ㣿
ŭⲻС𻹴ûмô϶Ǳòᡣ
˿ɣΪǿг˼ĽƣΪµҩ̫⵽ɣѾڵ˹ȥ
Ŀһۣʹģǰȴֳܱ
óһҩƿ˫̵ֳݸݵƿлĻӺͰϢв죬ɣΪԱŻɱĻӣ졣
ʵҲûеףɣ鲻һٶΪʵ벻ɣܹĻӻɱ˰
㰽ɢȥ˴󲿷ΪĻӵΪҪĻӣɲΪɣǸ
˶̾ʹҩȸ˹ʱҲֻҵҩ֤ݣл飬Ͳö֪ˡ
ڻϺڣ¹ǵĺӣҲȷҪβܴɣȫˡ


90  
ɣ鱻ʱ ϵҩδˣֽҩȥ
Ȼ֪ɣ鱻ҩһ£ԼʲôУȻҲ֪ Ȼŭģ ڻĵϷʲô Ϻ
˾ֱӴ һ뵽ͼĹϵ ʢŭ ʱһѻ
һͰҩƿ÷飬ߵǰǣ ԴΪ˸ñƫ˽
ңͷ˵ңǸǲҵ˼ Ѿλ
䲻ĻӦջ
ðһǺõúܣЦһһٽɣȫѹС
ʱ ʶжôӲûһֵ̿ ʱŻˣ ϿҵϢŭô޿⣬ɣʵԾȲŻɱĻӣ Ըеһ𷣣 
ŭ ͵ûһȫѹȥ
Ϊ棬ȻŭǲûųͷϺֻǽڣϺʱħսѺۣʱΪ˽ŭʱҲδ׷Ρ
ɣƣҪǹһ˵Ҫȥ
Ȼ֪ʱͷϣҪȥֻϣɣֱܿ࣬⺢ǼĵӣҲĵӳ£ǵˣ֮𣿡
統˭ҲҵҲҵֱӾɣһˡ
ҩȵĹҲҽ٣ɣ˵;У̾Ϊʲôŭ
û˼ĽƣɣѪеӿҲͲݺѪ֪Ϊʲôɣܿ
ɣ⵽ɲأֻǽƽ⿪֮ǿܿƣԲŵ»Բѣ֮ºܿͻָƽ
ɣ飬֮俴𣬻ΪԼû˯ѣ۾֮ȷԼûпʱһ
ǿĻ֮ٴνССһֻǽǴСί磬ǲǸǴˣҲˡ
ӿۣɣߣﰲοĴ𡣡
ǰĻӵŵˣɣ鱧ǽǴίͰ͵С
ɣıţ£һûµģʲôû粻˺ġ
İοɣҲһĲ£֪ɱɲС£Ǹɵ󣬸ӲС¡
Ҳɣ鲻ֹǺԼγͷӵĻ۵۵ڻսϵļ
ֻΪĻӺͰ飬аհɣȥŭΪ¹棬𷴶Ӳ
ĻʲôƢ֪̣֤ȷ£ʹûм㱳ڣҲǿ˺ɣ顣
ڣǿ棬һпܻΪѪ֣ɣŪС
Ĳ벢ûелû¶ãҪɣߡ
ڵĹʶסɣ飬嵲סɣ飬Ŀżû٣ҪʲôҪҪ٣û
Ҳ϶Щû٣ɣΪɱĻӣﲻ
Ҳ϶ṫȻ˴ɣ飬ɣѪ֣Ը٣ö֮Ĵɣ顣
ҲֻԴס
ǷǴӡҲѾϵһţصӡľ޷ʹ÷
޷סǣ֮𣬿еҲֻҽͲóӡûз֮
ǽɣ˳
ĵҪĥɣ飬Ҫۿš
Ϊ֮ᶯ𣬿Ϊǽɣ澡ʧ
Ҫĥɣ飬Ҫۿš
û˼ĽƣɣıֳǯӽƬһƬһƬ**Ȼ˿֮ˮ
ס֣
̲ס֮֮ڣֻĿţһȭһȭ֮ϣȭͷѪ죬ι
Ǳ
Ѿ˻ƣû˿ͣ١
ҲƬعͷֻǷ£ʡʡ
ȥҲȲɣ飬ƺҲͣ¡
̷ǧǧ򣬿ɣϵģǾۣ۵ʹ
һʼлǽģԽԽСϵƬѾ֪˶١
ܿл˱̣һյùͨ죬ڱεƬĵط
һֱɣʹʶΣڱˮѣˣֱֻʣһٶߡ
ʻһӣǴֻʣһ΢ϢΪҽ٣˵ɡ
ɣ壬Ƭα֮ͬʹٱȫƤѪ죬ȫ¸ûһƬѪ⡣
ͲȥæҵĴ·Ϸ˵ҩ
ι˵ҩһ˿ҩ˿ڴл𶾣ҩ޷˿ֱӳϣܹסݡ
˵̫أҩĶСԼۿѾʪȴŲỬ䣬ǲСĵ˿ϣҲۡ
ҩ˿ڴĴʹɣڻнѣ֮пԼߣίӿɳϸСóһţáۡ
ҪӦһһſڲŷԼȻʷһ˿
ܾ֮ƽһЩɳƵӦһڡ
ǴʱɣѾٴλԡ
ڱסҧʹУȻһ취ҲûУ˾ԼǰĥҲΪ
Ϊ֮һθо
ԭΪͻŹɣˣˣûдɣߡ
һչȺֻˣһδ߰ɣߣнŪֻʣһȻڶ
ǲֱӰÿÿǻŻĥĥֻʣһϻйš


91 ̸ 
Ϻ·ʼ վйע񶼵һһ
бĻӺͰӺȣɣ鷴֮ʧˣΪԱûд档
ջصϺ һ٣ ԭΪҪץѵ
ǳô飬 񶼲δѰٹȥ Ϻ˹ȥ ܿ창վյһϢ
ɣ˫˫ѹΡ
¸Ͳʲô£ ǾҲ֮С
˺üҲδϢҲڵϢҪ̽Ҳ̽
ϺʱɫҰףоûô򵥣 ûϢûд֮̽Ҳֻ֪նвҽ
нɭϣ нվҪǱҲûлᡣ
۲˼գò׵ȵڣ Żһбƹ֮²ŴóһЩϢ
֪Ҳ࣬ ֻ֪Ҫĥɣ飬 ֱҪĥֱ
ҲһУΪڣ Բɣ
ʵ벻 ʲôܹŭˣ һвĺ´֡
еֶΣǰûмҲŹһǧ̷һһϻ˼ǾֱӴʹ졣
Ψһܹɣļħս֮У˼ջǷǰħ֮ͷ
ϵڶ飬ջǲóȻ¡
ħ嶯ҼԸҵӦ֣Ҳûкķ̫ʱվͽˣֻӵĵ硣
øȴ񶼣ԼȵѺ۵ħԨ
񶼵ȵ˽ݱȴҸ˲֪ħԨȻħѾˣҲûôֱ࣬ӸħԨ
ɣѾһ֮ãÿ춼ɣʩԿ̣ٶһ̣ôܵĥ͸һ֡
սԭί̾Ͳµŭԭɡ
סգס񣬼ҪнɣѣôĻ͵ǹԡ
֮ĹϵԭѾ΢ҪֱŴΣǾнڶ
Ÿɼ£ħһ¸ոչȥ黹δʱֻܿ顣
Լص֮ûеһʱ䵽ȥȥ
ϢʱѾе̸ȥڴ֮ڵż
һŭѾϵ˼ӦʱǸеһ˿졣
ȻѾе̶ˣҲףѾ֪ΪζҲͲĨǣֱӿżɽ˱ĵӡ
Цһ䳰£
񱾲ͻ̬ȣֻǲˣֻž쵽нɣ
ȻˣҲͲٿǿȻΪ֮𣬿ǱǱ㸧Ʊһ常㹬˽Σ޹
仰һӾۡ
ֱվߵǰĿֱӼ˫ĮʧȻδ·У㸧³ҲֻΪҪһϹ
ֻҪһ뵽еɣ飬͸ŭգҧӿŭ֪СӵݣȴҪߣά˾ٿн·УһһӵĺǰӣǷˣѹµˣ
һһʣҪƲס
Ϻ˽ͨʱŭȴȻԼƽԼ䲻̬ȣȴ޷Լƽ
ѾڱıԵǼȻԼƽӦԣȻûκζԲĵط
ʱ겻£ԵĽ̵ʱ໤̺̫ƽҪȨҾж˱Ȩɸ֮ڲ£һʲôط
䵭ȻʶҪܿҲ֪ΪʲôԼŭ
ֻΪ⣬ôֱӰɣɱ˾͸ɾˣƫƫô׾Ҫü񿴵еĺӣܾĥʹ
ı粻Ҳ֪ʲôаÿ˱˴˵ĺ
֮ſڵ޹Ѫѡ񣬰ˣ
Ϊ᲻һдΣֱӸ˺Ǹӡ
ǰĻֱ׳ָ·ϡ
ǼƽľԼ̸ûΪѣȴܡ
еֽ߬ȭ˵ǴΣȻʲôԣ´ҪҲܻ
¼֪˼
񳤳һվߵһĵһȴо˲١
Ѻۣ޲Ҫʱ䣬ǳֱʾͿ̿ϹԸɢ޲硣
ʱ˫ۣ𾪵Ŀżһʱ˵㡭
쳤˰죬ȴ˵һĻ
Ǽȴǳƽһ˿һҲõǷȨ֣Ҳ»ˣԷҵĵ𣿡
㡭ûзӦǼ̬ȼᶨԭջƽҧǣڣ
ڣ
ʱѾٿ񣬸һ֮󣬾ԼתȥżԶȥĽŲŻתŷɱȥıӰ鸴Ӳ֪ݡ
ļʳԡ
ڼҪɢ޲ʱȴֻʧ䡣
ЩԼ񣬼ɢҲõļȨزɿصɻԼ»
Ӧø˲ǣһҪʧȥʱȴһҲ˲ֻʧ䡣
£ҪʲôпĸоôҲϣ̲סҪ
õٵһ̣Ƭ̲ҵֱΡ
ֱӽ˦еʹû٣Ҳż񣬼֮һ㲻ֱӽڡ
ϵļ񣬿ȴڶɣ̣յͨ޺ɣϴ
ɣѾȫ˺Ŀȫǡ
̷Ѿɣʶģ֮жв
һĻ۵ûʱ̹Ȼƽ˵Լɢ꣬ûκԥη塣
ǿɣϵʱȴ޷Լ侲
ס֣
ɣŭһǿʩ̵˦˳ȥݺݽҵϡ


92 ξ 
ǰɣļϳš
᲻ö˵һػ ô֣ԼĶûдһ¡
ʱʵǺֹˣԼˣҲǷ飬 ɸڷվˡ
ڣ ųĺӣ ĥѪģ
ʹ綼֪ʺ ʱҲ޷Լŭ
˭֣һŭ е׷׹¡
ǡǡڼǰֵ ֧֧˵ķԸ룬ʹ˵кã
Ƿ²٣ķԸ ȻҲ֪Ǽ᲻ƽǲ֪ڼǰͶ֣ ʹƽϣһǼƽϡ
Ŀһһɨǿصȫɣ һε֮ϡ
ȷҳȥ
񿪿ڣ ˣ ҲͰĶˡ
Щɣձĥ֮ҩͲˡ
֪ڹĥɣ飬Ǽʹ֪ Ҳܷ˲Σ ֻҪܶһ죬 ȵܰǴȥˡ
ǿгӡЩȫһһαסɣ
ңڵȵˡ
üѾʶȤĽεŴ򿪡
սϣܹԥնµ׼
Ա̼ϵɣ飬ȴҲһ¡
ƬȫˣȫѪ·ѾѪճһ飬һϵ·ԽѪһ˺
ȥһ¡
ֱɣƤһ£ܹɣϸ΢ĺҧҧԼϵ£ɣϣ۽˸ߡ
һ·ҩȶȥܸо֮ˣһ骡΢ĺҪģǲһ߱ʬǡ
ҲƬ̶ҵ󣬼ʹԼ˿̺ҲϼĽŲ
ɣϵˣȫˣ˸žˣѪģһƬϵӣѾȫѪ֮С
˴ʱ䣬Žɣϵ˿ڴãЩѪеıõ
ʱ򣬼æʣôˣ
𳤳һӦȫƤˣȻΣҲҪúܳһʱָܻ
Уķ̫гӡķɣ˿ҲҪ֧ŲסҪϢһˣʣµľͽˡ
ãúϢжڡ
ʹڼҲ޷ƽ룬һЩʱգǸʱɣֻᱻĥʲôӡ
ҹɣԺ۾ʵĿż񣬻ΪԼˣſڣȴֺƷۣһ
ֱһˮιԼοţ£ˡ
ԺɣòУȴܿǵ飬͸пһ
УΪƿ˺üΣ뿴Ҳ۵Ŀ޳
죬˺ܾãþȫɳƵ˵֣硭ҡۡ
ʵۺۣ۵ˣÿһ춼۵ԣ˯бѡ
ٿޣҲģֻ˵ۡ
ССϸ΢κܰܰҲ񣬸ȥɣҲԼԼ
һ͸ˣһʱ֮ۿ
ҺܹԡҺòáɣ鼸ڿˣΪޱߵĺڰܿ£ھθ¡
֪һֱߣǺ£
Ҳ֪Լʲôʱᱻȥһ٣ѾˣֻᱻˮѣԶ˯Ųˡ
ǲѣһֱ˯ţҪѹҪż
һֱֻҪ˾ûˣͲٱˡ
˺þãʱú֪Լ˶ãҲһֱǲ˯˾ܼ
һһαˮѣϣ۵ʱ򿴵Ǽ񣬿һһԵֻб̾ߡ
۾ʱ򣬻ΪѾԺ˻þ
һֱдеĴУȵĸоָ⣬Լϵÿһ䣬ȷĻ뿪ǸµĵطҲõģһԼϵʲô̾ߣ᲻̾߸ۡ
ҲԼ˯֮۾ǰֲˣԾ㶯һָᳶȫ˿ڣɣҲǷѾ߬֡
סҡߡ
СӿüĿڷᣬ㰲˯粻߾ˡ
һĻӦɣ鰲ĵı۾˯ȥָֻ߬ɲɿ
бĥ̫ãڲɿԼð֮ˡ
ڴһҹֱʱĽԼСĳ˳
Բ飬һĲˣʳԣҲδܻ㡭
ڻǱסһۿл䣬Ѿ֪Լûп޹ˣ̲ס
һҹ˺ܶ࣬ĹԺУʱĻȫɱ֮໥
Ļ䣬ȻǹԼʱǰֻദһٶɣ顣
ӴһʼͻԼԼɸдƻԼҸָС鷳
Ҳְ취ԼЦ
˵Ѿɣ鵱ˣԻᴦάСĵļϡ
һҹŷ֣˵ˣѾǰɣ鵱ˡ
ҪĹϵܸܸرһЩ
һ޶ĳ谮رλãԣ˼仰˵һһһһ˫ˡ
ԭΪԼѾϣɢܾ飬Ȼ岻ݴǡ
ǰڻ˯ɣ飬Ȼˣᡣ
ֻǳһɣͱĥԼĲڣֻ
ȻˣѾòߣҲ
еѾûԺ󣬼ɣ鴽޵һǡ
ֻһ£һ֣Լ᲻ᣬҲɣʱ
ŸճſڣͿվ⣬۾һգգĿҪȥģ񶼣ַˣ
𣬼ûʲôģֱӽ֮Ľ׸ĩֻܰһԺֻܽչˡ
飬֪Լ޷ı䣬ҪɢҲȡ
ԭش˺ܾãӦʱҲ֪Ҫԡ
ܾúܾòʵܾãǲʱҲһֱֳŹȥҲʱΪ˻ɢ꣬𣿡


93 ֱ 
֮˻ڻ˯ţ ʲôҲ
ջԼһֱĿ⣬ʧˣһڣұֻ¡
㡭Ҫ ֪ӣ ֻҪõ飬 ˭Ҳ޷
ҽغ飬 û
˿ֻһЩ ȴ֪ôڡ
Ŀתķʱ лһĨ֮ɫ
ʲôԼֲԤС
߬ȭͷŭķôһδڹף վСúһع
ĳbǶħռȴֳֳbֱȥ
ȵҡзĲ£ ڼ档
عͷȥµģܣ ȥ˻۵㣬￴ͺã ҪûֻҪһ󡣡
ʹˣ Ҳǲģ֪עִ硣
֪Ӧһ ֱȥ
أ  ֱͨӷУǽտֳֳbڶһ׷׽ס
뽫ж£ڣ
ԴǷǳĿ
̧ۿһסǳ⣺ȫ£
ְûκ˰벽ǰǼ֮Сڣж±ڣĪҪΪС񡣡
񶼶֪ǲ̫ΪһȺ
һμڣֳֳbûκҪµ˼±ԲΪǣǲˣǾƾ±
һ˼֪߲ƣȫվһţס񣺡סҲҪҵְǻ
ԭһֵͬܣǾְǺ£ǷҪʱҲ֪οǸϧ
񲢲ǣûб򣬿ҲҪġ
Ǳ˵㹦ԽʽȫڵأֽڣܽڣҲܺúһЩ顣
ֳֳbڣɫҪʳԣסˣҪλã
ЦһһԼĳbΪλģ
治ɫȴѾԵеʧͷŭֳΪ˶λѲ͹̸𣿡
һ֮ʣһתԽϣ˳ƷסȻתͷҽ˲ݣ常壬Ҳ룬еı¶ҽ̵ģҪλãͱ
常Ц浱Լǹµ常Ҫһ
һʱⲻٴһݺؿڴһ¾ͰÿѪ
ȻɫǷ常Ҳûн̹Ѫ飬һͯÿ̡
ΪɣΣʲôǵΣľĥɣ顣
ʹ֣Ǽ֪ܲĻʹ
ȻϾʧ˵㾹ȻΪǸ֣ĴԣȻóbѵңõúܣ
ַ̧̾ҵĴֻôһ֮Ҿһ£ΪߣԹ˽
ԣҪǾһ𷣣ȴΪ棬ŭйһ޹ϣ֮ΪҪӳеΪ֮½֮񡣡
̧׽ż˫۲ŵ㾹Ȼ񶼲֪ΪǨŭҵĺ常ĵǰ㶼˽ңҷҪжȨְȨ㻹֪Ϊʲô𣿡
ûȥϸ룬ֻ֮ʧ˵棬ӦȻ˷Ǹһѵ
ѵЦ룬Ҵûиǹκ鷳ҲûĹԴ֪ѵʲô
Ŀ룬ʼ˴飬ʲôҾʲôκ鶼úܺã͵һܺá
ΪֻˣͻῪģֱǸˣմսɸңΪᱻñףȴÿЦøˣȴˡ
Ϊʲôô벻ס


94 ɢ 
ͬ뷨 ֻ̾һΪơ
ˣ˵ãһҼ֮ϣʧµĺ֣ ֻ ӴԺ޹ϸ ҺΪ֮
壿Ϊ֮Ǻǡ
Ц ·оҼϵʹ ץסԼдȥ ҲҪʲô壿һɢ㻹Ըһ𣿡
еĳƽȴĻصˣչ ؼ佫ҵĺۼȻ˽ģһþ Ӵֻ֮ػ
常ż֮£˼ϵ˿ڣæס°ڣ ֻһʱбķ 常ȥ
 ǼȴͷҲصĳԼ°ڣ߳
֮󣬼ȥ֣ ΧԸȥҩҽ١
ڷ˭ҲҶҲ²⣬ ǼŭֽӲ һǳ˴£˭Ҳҵ飬ֱҩȶȥ
񶼵ɶڹϵ˵徲˺ֻܶ࣬ħԨԽԽܼѺۣ֪ȥˡ
֮ʱԼƺһβͣ׳β͸ϳ
ԭϺ̫Ӱա
֮󣬰żСС޶⣬ֻ壬С岻ѡ
ȻǰգջֶյȻ֪Ϊھ뿪ɣһ޲ܲס
棬ͷʣûбİ취𣿡
ٵ˴ͣһʱοѣºЦ취ȻеģֻҪĲʱգʱ˼ڤ綨ȻҪܴѣķֻɢꡣ
ӡħԨħʱ궯һֱͼƷӡ
ؿ˰һۣյҲҺܳʱ䣬ҾͽһӡպħԨ춯ӡٴηӡ
˵ţͻһӡ밽üĴ
յϥڵϣףʵϺգͼ
ĩˣ̧ͷ˫кᣬնغħԨУɣ顣
֪ݣ𾪵ĿŰգɣڵĽѾ⿪ֻҪΪɣߣҪ̽ѪԴѡ
ռᶨĿż񣬻Ҷ֪ˣҲҵѪף治ϣѪ޷ĨҲҵĵܵܣֳܵڡ
ðһοϺ㣬Ϻ֮ҡ
˵ż̶ֽԼһԪ˳ϣҽÿһ䣬ΨһĲµı飬һԪ㣬ٻ
һúչ顣ս߬ŰԪץż°ڵҲԸɿףһֽҲץס
ȥɡԼ°ڳһһǿӿհڣͳħԨ
ħԨֻħԨ񶼻˼䣬ظȫ
һ쳣ǿϢħԨڣħԨڵħ֪Σգ׷ײ磬ͼѾѺ۵Ľײơ
ǹǿڽ֮γ˸ӼӲһϣƾôײ磬綼ٳκѺۡ
ײħ֮ϲħ֮Ҫȥ̽ȴֱһ⡣
˼Ǿȥ档
⣬һѪۣħԨķ򣬹ڵأ󺰣常
ǿħԨǿǼϢ
ֻ֪ϹȴûΪܴӻ֮սд
գÿһǿͷһ
żħԨһһ磬紦ѺҲ޲
ͬҲ͸һĿʼɢ
ħԨħ￪ʼŭź㣡㻹û㾹Ȼû
ϤʧļʼЦһ㾹Ȼˣϧ㻹ѵˣܿҪٳ˯ˡ
ħԽԽЦϹʱûܳҲҼҪɢ꣬Ȼ
ԼδʧҲŽ绹һ϶ٻسbb֮ڣǸħϢȥ
ħԨƽϢ͸ɢǵ΢⣬֮ڡ
һ϶ֺʱʧסħԨҲ֮ʧ


95 ֮ 
һǿĶ֮ ˼仹磬ѩ׷Ʈ䣬һʱؼѩãã
ɸ֮ڵҶ׷׵䣬ؼΨһһŷɣ
粢ļ ҩڸǳٻʢ дУ ֻдա
ŷ׷Ʈİѩ һۿӣ ҲƲס
񡭡񡭡ץסһͯ չڻδɣ飬һħԨ
ħԨħ֮ȫһţĴϣ˻ź񣡼
ô ϲһ֣Ҳ֮κεĻӦΨвϼٵħ Ǹʧ
ԶϺϺҲоؼĶܹоڱ޲˿Ҳһţ һƱϺֱҩȶȥ
ҩڣ ֻмҩͯסϺ ɣ黹ǱϺˡ
Ľڱ޲ħ֮ĻһϹսΪ֮ء
Ϻǽɣ֮أ ϹŻ֮սҲûܻ֮߳ء
ϺҪɣ鶪֮ء
ձͳħԨ֮ ֱӸҩȣ ҩڲҲɣ飬ǸоϺϢ
һ·ѭϺϢһ·׷֮ء
ϺҪŽ֮ǰɣ鶪֮أǰ
򲻿ɣҲĹѪʹϣҩڣڣҲΪ֪һ
ڰյ֮£Ϻû˿ݣŰյ棬ɣļǣ˳Ȼ֮ڡ
֮ħԨȴħԨ֮ڵħϸŨ֮ħϺʳ֮ѪԻ֮ġ
ħóǹƻǣ鶼úһ
ǵɣ޷ϵҲûϣѪ֮֮صħ˺ҧʹĿȫǣȴˡ
ǲǺʹǲһԶɣȴ˭˵ΧںһƬʲôӵڶ𣬸ǲħ˺ҧ塣
Ҫȴܶ˺ȴû
֮ڣʹҲ޷ֻأҲ޷ɢֻ֮ǻ
ɣĻЩħ黹ǲŹĶԹƻ󣺡֮أǰѾṳ̂㣬ļûˣҲǱģ뱨𣿡
ħ̽ɣĹʶ֮ʣһֱԵ㱻ĸ㿴˵Ҫֳ㿴ÿʱģ
ԴΣɣʶһֱڻ֮УʱѣʱңֲʲôʱѵģʲôʱǺͿġ
ֻǵԼʹʹһֱʹ
ÿһζԶֻҪ˯˾Ͳʹˣÿһʹ
ϵÿһطۣˡ
Ժ֮ƺ˼úУΣ԰ĵ˯˹ȥʱĲҲȵļ磬Ϻ
֪Լԭֻһϣϵӡ
֪ϺԼĸףȴϺ˵ûߣϣĴھһ
˼ǣħϴĵطӣѾһû˻ںûˡ
ǵģû˻ں㣬Ǳģ㿴㶼ֵطˣû㣬ûں㣡
ĵ
Ǳġ
ûں㡭
Ͳûϡ
Щ컷ĵĻ֮Ʈֻиָħ
ʹûЩħﻹûзŹħҪҲħҪͬࡣ
֮ڣֻǿħܻȥСֻܱǿħɣһ֡
˵֮ûܴ߳ȥ֮ڵħҲȥ
Ѿûں㣬㻹Ҫȥʲôɺһġ
ٳûħħﲡûɵҲģһֱĶԹƻ
ǰѾһˣҪȥʲô
ɣԼҡˣȥҪˣǸû׿˵ȥһ䣬Ϊʲô
ҪȥһҪȥħĹƻ֮£ҪԼ뷨Ҫȥ
Ǹħ֮ľħܱħ
ƻȥɣ黹ûжҡħûģҪɡ
Ҳһֱط
ֲָĵطɣ鲻϶ħƮţ֪Ʈ˶ãҲ֪Լںεء
ʲôطħҪ̵Լ
Ժлһ죬֮ǰƺɱˣȵѪ·ʡ
ҪȥͱҪɱǡ
Ǹʱʼٶħ
ȻҪ̵Щħ
һħﱻ˺븹УûʵĻƺã֪ԭɱ¾ôļ򵥣ɱƺܱøǿǲǸǿ֮󣬾뿪ط
ʼûħĻлҲȾ֮صħ
Ҳûбֻɱ¾ûʶħ飬ԼʶҲ֪ԼҪʲôʲôطҪȥʲôطѵģȴԽԽϲЩħﱻԼ˺ĸо
Ҳ֪Լ񣬻ħ
֮صħȴ֪֮һܿµļһеħﶼ£ΪǿСħֻҪ˾ͻɱ
ɣҲ֪Լ֮˶೤ʱ䣬ֻ֪ͣɣԼøӵǿֱܹ뿪طһ졣
֮ȫǻɳһ̲ݶûУ˵ˮˡ
ɣȴߵһƬˮĵطǸط֮صħﶼҿ
оϤζû˿ħо
ȻħﶼҿطȻвͬѰĵطȴܰҲһƬˮ
ʱˮӿӺ״һ죬ϸ֮£Ȼǧġ
յļٴγǰɣһ˭Ҳ֪ҵ룬Ҳħ𣿡
˴ħ֮ڳħʵ벻ʲôĶ
ˮ֮һȴжȴӺ״ǺͰĪ£᲻ħ壬ֻǺܾδϢһʱ̽£ʧ񡣡
ħõĹƻϴ˴ȷʵûħɣҲͷ
ˮź棬Լвȫõ壬ãȻ壿Ҳ֪һ㲻壬һʶҲȴźħ£ǣҲȾǵϢڣҲ֪Լʲô


96 ֮ 
ˮ֮µ ܹɣе뷨ɣã֮ʣڵ滹ǣңȥ𣿡
ɣ̹ȻӦţȻ Ҫȥ һҪȥ
ƽ˺ֻܾУ ֵ ֮ٴδȥ Ұ㡣
ɣ鲢δ˷ϲã ˺Ǿʣƾʲô㣿
֮ڣֻеûѣֻҪһи ͻữΪҽ۶˭뱣־衣
˷Ӧ׵Ҳ⣬ ֻٴ˳֮С
ֻɣھ֮£Χħ֮صħﶼҿ ôطһвһĵط
ǰҲ𣿼ȻǰзܳȥΪβԼȥ Ҫҳȥһ˼֮ ɣ黹ʳеɻ
䣬ɣԺоͳһҵĻ档
һĩһĴڣرѣ ֮ˮأ ˮ֮Ϻë ʯ׷䣬֮һƬ
ȻȴһطһͿ̿һܻ
طƺǳѵԴ
ǰĻ𣿡
ɣĿȥֻĻս֪ħˣֻ֮ܿս̺ɱ
ΪѾпĴڣǼеս˾
Ȼ䴳ǰһ׸һ
Ǹ̫ϤˣǼ
ҲǳսС
ôһ£ɣȻѣδʵǰļҿ˼磬ʶ
šֺö죬ʶ׵гɣǷ治Ļ䣬ܾ֮˽ˣسʼ֮ʴķɣҲһ𲢼սطֿ
ϹʱڶѾôˣ㻹֪ѵ֮׵Уοɣң㵽ҽôȥ
Ȼдǣ룬ǳȥʹʶ֮أҲûʲô𣬲һԡ
ôɣ黹˺ס
֮һɫĻ߼ֱء
֮±鲼ˮҹ飬յͨɣҲ˵ľʲô
Ǳһ޽ںʯǽϵһɫѪѾɺԣ˺ܳܳʱ䣬ֻһ˿ʶдȴֱвýѡ
ɣƮ޽֮£žҽ޽**ǰǷˣ
ǺǡЦһƵ֪Ӻδ֪£ûǣңʹȥҲѣңʵ
ɣ׼ȥͣ˰Уȴһ˿峺˳ָڡ
Ƭ̺ɣһˬʵЦððȻǼ̵Ե֣֮ʱΪȻļˣؽأһĺˣҲԵ֡
ǰͼʲôϵɣһ
պþҲ˻ȻĹ
سʼʹķɣؼһ
Ǹʱδֿ˹棬Ϊ¹ʼ档
֮ΪϰԺ֮⣬зϣһʼСì䳤֮ݱˮݡ
ìԽԽսԽԽƵ濪ʼԽԽ壬䣬˸Ӽ˵뷨
Ļսʼˡ
ɱ¾ԽԽ࣬Ȼѣɱ¾ѾʼҲԼԽԽƲסҪȥɱ¾ϲѪָĸо
ԼѾȫʧأҴһѪ޷ƣƳطԼа룬µ顣
ԽԽĶаħ˶
ħóճĵĶս֮ħУ֪֮аħȥͿ̿
Ǳһаħۼһ𣬴þȫȴķײ٣ˮ˼䡣
һʱˣȫ֮֡
ⳡսУȫ
ջûнаħֻҪаڣаħ㲻᳹ʧ
еϹʱеаħȫȦڴ˴һ
Χ·ӡаħ޴ӣǱ֮غħԨ
һλ֮Уеȫֻʣ¼δ
֮һͬƽط룬ʤˣӴ˾磬ƹ
˰ˣ¡泤̾һĵ±ǨѾ֪ʲôļУؼ䰲
ΪˣɣֻЦش𣺡޹أͱ䲻ң޴Ҳ汯ȥֻвʡ
ɣеļ䣬֪ĲʣҲΪ޾ħԨ֮ôãܿԼǶеο˵ӣȥ㡣
ɣ侲˵̫ãγҪȥʧ顣
˵ѾʲôϣһΣҲһҲûб̫
ӡĶɣڲûһ޷߳ط˴ҵϹǣ㽫ȵĲȫһµǣ뿪˴
ɣܿ˿ûпɻʱ͵ȫʯں棬㽫ϵľ޽**ܿΪҪд˴֮ء
ˣҲûʲôõǵˣɣֱ̧Ҫε޽
ʱֿˣȲԭδȫٻ㻹ʣµƤңһסħ飬ʱױǳ룬Ӵħ
˺ҧʣµĲɣԼ֪ںδԭļѾϺ˳ȥʣµ屻аħ˺ҧ˺顣
֮Ʈ˺ܾúܾãʱѾûаħ鷳Саħ˺ܶ࣬аħʵΣûбҪҲ
˼ۣҵһ黹Ƥ
룬ɣ黹ǾƳһɡڵʱͼаħ
¾޽֮ǰ滹ǲģѵӣв嶼ħѪҺвħ𣿡
ɣǳᶨһһҪȥ۸ĴۣһҪȥһ
˼ᶨҲٳɣ˵޽γʶҲɢ޷ʲôˣӣܳȥ֮ĹʧԲԲ顣
Ҫ˵ԼɣгƬ̣ЦǰҲ֪
Ѿȥ˲֪£вҹĿ̣֮ⱻΪġסǡ
ÿһϣǸԼ֣ܳǣÿһζǴʧȻ޾
ϣȫȫ񣬿ξ֮Ҳ֪ԼǷһ
˵֮ڣԼûԹԣǲܡ
ɣԹȻֵܼ


97 ֪ 
ʵɣѾֲ壬 ԼĴһ˿ǶڼֻҪһԼȥԼѵһִ
ƾִ֮ؼ ҲҪƾִ Լ֮߳ء
ֲȫõס˾޽Ľ һϤӽ ӿԼڡ
ɣһ̿ʼ ס޽⼣ʼһ޽Ľ ¶޽ģ
Ѿ޽ɣһҲİǼb
һʱɣеζζӣ֪ǽӴϤϢϲ ǽӴЩϰҪίҲй
ֻһͷӼᶨˣһҪ뿪ط
ɣʳ볯bɣҲûж룬 ֻԼͼʱ䳤ˣbʶԼ׾ͽbӾϰ
bӾ**ʱ ʶҲɢȥھеһĨʶҲ֮ա
bʱ ʯһ˲Ȼ ¶׵һ
ʯϹʬ˵ҪЩһһµǡ
Щʬڵа Ҳһͬɣǡ
ʱԺиԼʱг һεԺнš
㱻 Ҳǣ
ԴԴϵǿӿ壬ЩҲԽԽ˺аħĳԺɱ¾ĿҲ
ӦųЩģЩаЩʬΪһ壬޷롣
Ҫ뿪һ뿪
аǼĴ֮ڣɣһµõϹͬʱЩаҲͲ⸱֮ڣʱ塣
Ҫƿ֮أҪһֻ֮һ㹻طǼĳb
ɣʰ𳯱bЦһ벻ҳȥҪ㣬ϣҳȥʱܸңΪʲôûҡ
֮رһ϶ħԨضݺݵĲһ
Ѿƽ˲֪µ񣬱һ񶯸ѣ׷ǰħԨ鿴
ֻ֮ǿǳǳһ϶Ϳϣһ֮Ҳû춯ħԨ鿴һ֮
һ֮ɣֱɸ֮ܡ
ڴɸܣڿɸʱڵвʺԹȫίһţֻҪֻ֣Ҫ˵һؼˣͿ԰Σ֮صһǡ
ϧɸ⿴ģǸׯּ򵥵ɸ
ɸ⿴κһɶ̣ɸֻ֪ɸʱѾ˶ãŻûκһ֮
ɣ鿴ȴ츮¶ĿһǣôϲɸڵǷɣ£ô
һУɣ̲סΡΡƿɸĴţɸһӰҲûУ޴ҲѾɺԣеΪࡣ
磡
磡
磡
ɣһһĺżɸһһķƿţĻһĻһĻԺУ鷿ԼдŤŤġǧġ
˯ķ¯֮ڲĲҽֻϧǰҲûǸΪֶ۾ʹΪ˯Ŷ˯ˡ
磬㾿ģǲɸѾᵽĵطȥˣֻǲҵ
żɸˣҲԸѾµķɣ
㾿ģ
ɸѾɣ˸飬ȴ˿ӰӣɸڵϢѾøо
ɸ֮·һ̣ɣ̾ͳȥסżʵںδΪɸˣ
ãȻĿɸһ¶ҡͷ˵Ǻηδţ⴦ɸһֱڴˣκڣСҲ֪λľ
һʱ䣬ɣһƬհף̾Ȼ֪˭ûҲûмҲ˵ɵ񣬼δֹ
ɣ鲻֪Ժʲôֻżںδ񶼼һ˾ץʼʲôط
˺ọ̈ȫҡͷ˵֪Ǻη
ò׼һɣ˷΢Ҳͳȥʼʲôط
΢ǳԾɣˣ㻹ţ
ɣֻ֪䣬æʣȸңģģ
΢ʳˣĸɣ顣
˵ģ֮£ɣ齫΢ļץۡ
ɣ齹ڴĿ֮£΢ҧŴСʧٵǸʱ򣬼Ѿɢ˻ǣ磬ɢˣǰѾˡ
ˡ
ɢˡ
Ѿɢꡭ
һһȫɣĿڴ
ڿɸڿµоѾ˲ԤУһֱƭԼ˵ǻþǻ֮ٻسʼѾڵķɣ
ôǿһ׳µġ
ڣ΢ʵʵĸˣǰѾˡ
ѹ֮ôã䶼Ѿȥ꣬
ѹĳb֮ء
ΪѾ磬ΪƽħԨҵаħԲóbȥѹҵаħа
֪вܣʹȥ꣬΢Ҳһġ
ˮۿ΢˵֮󣬸׺紦Ѱ䣬֪㱻Ϻ֮أ֮ǽأ˭Ҳȥɣܻ̫ˡ
΢˵ʲôɣȫû塣
˼ͣڼѾɢ֮ϡ
ԭûѾˣԼ֮ڻԹԹꡣ
ꡭ
Ȼ֪ԭѾˡ
ˡ
ɢ˼ǣӴؼҲûκϢ
ѰˣˣֻתĻᣬɢˣʲôҲûˣûתҲûκһ˿ۼؼ䡣
ɣص֮أ֮Ƴһ˿϶Ѿȫϡ
粢ûôѵʱδ񶯣֮ˮҲûо̣Ҳ˵ñķȵĵزδҪϹ׼ʱ
Ǽȴɢ꣬Ϊʲô
һԺи֡
ʱһȺȴѾΧס
ηħôأ
ʢŭ֮ʱɣϵаħҲŴаħϢ
Ҳħһʱȫ֪ʲôǿϢҲǲж
аħǽڴаħ
һĺ˳ǰȻһΣǵ˲鿴ʲôûз֣Ϊֻǽڵаħ֣һɣħƣӿ϶һǽӳаħ
漴ɣЦһɱ⣺ûҾ֮سħΣ


98  
ɣ֮꣬ Ѿ֮Ϲ壬Ҳ֮ڲٵаħ˿̾ڻеаħ
ʱ˻ܱԼ֮⣬ЩаħֻҲûʲô
ɱһ Ϊ׵Ըȥ ħԨ䡣
ʱ ɣ˫۷ɺ죬 ٲԼеɱ ־ͽһλԴš
ˣ 
ˣʱɵȨƣôɢ꣬߾
ǸʱС еĹϵȫˡ
ǱģȻģ Ҳˡ
˴ɣٲסԼɱǰѪɫ
콫ħԨ ɣѾɱ񶼡
ɣһ·ħԨɱ񶼣Ҳûл೤ʱ䣬 񶼵콫δȫᣬ Ѿɱ
ȫʺѪȫЩ콫ѪۿžҪɱ ˼ ǽָ˳ 
콫ȫһӵϣϵԥɣȥ
֮ضĲɱԸЩ´࣬ɣһһһšԴһ͸ȥ۲
ϡǵã񶼺֣ƫƫǲףǼһֱڱ
ҲѲɣͿʼôָ
ͷ۵ʱ͸֣ɣ鿴һϤףǷ΢
ΪЩˣ˿̷΢һ־޹ı鿴Լָоڿһаħһ
Ҫ˵аħֻ´˿֮غħԨеаħһ飬ҲȲаħ
΢ҲֻɣͣһСѣֱķʽ֡
һһľ죬÷΢µĶһ䡣
ʶʱɣ黹ֻһֻڼСһ
ʱ˵˱ʵʱҲҪȥǵ⣬һǵˡ
֪֮ڣûκһܴ֮߳ǶΪˡ
˭Ҳû뵽ֻܴ֮߳߳һô¡
ؼǿķ磬ɻɣһأʹɣħצ֮ڡ
ɣܷ΢£ɻʶĵɣǰ
Ѿɱ۵ɣ黹Ƕݵͣ˽ŲԷ΢ҲΪУ
Сķ΢ʱȴ벽ҲûкˣУܳ£Ҳˡ
ɣȻܲͷҲûͷ΢ôãڵѨɽһףҲֻ㹻ͣ½ŲôһС
룬ɣ黹ǲ˺ֻСˣһ΢ˣȻ󶪳ڳģûһԸġ
ɣ齫bλεİǰˣǵѽ𣿡
bôܲǵãҲӲֽˣɣ飬ҲͼֵǸز
bһ̣һƬհס
һûеȵķӦɣѾܲͷֱһȥŷߺţǹ˶£㣬Ǽ𣿡
ôһԾɣһͬʱҲĸоɣӳŨħ
ʱɫħˣɱ
˵ɱɣ鿴ʱϵɱڸǲסѾǰǸ**̤ĸɱңǸ𣿡
˵֮䣬ɣѾһ
߶ĻλлԼ֣ⲻΪˡ
ȻɣϵΪ֮еϹʹΪͣȻ֮±ɣڵء
˲һƬ档
ɣһҪǰȴһϸȻ󽫳bصĲǰѳbúˣɷǵôɢ𣿡
˼£ȴ޷ɣµȸһЩѵ̧ͷɣ飬ҧ˵ΪΪʲôɢꣿ㾹Ȼˣ֪ˡ
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ɣĻЦҪڿڣͱɣһȭϡ
ʱɣѾõԭʼķʽܽĵ׵ķߺ޸й
֮⣬Щֻܿᣬƫƫû취ϡ
ʱһϤϢɣ˲٣ֽͣϸȥ
ڴĻͷȴĿһʹ
ĿĿڴĳƣǼеǸˣһһԼһһ鰲οԼͦȥ
ҽ٣һֻˣǰãȴһԼĿڡ
֮ɣǱһں˲࣬СǸż𳤴ӵ˳˼Ҳֻʣ
ôвֺΪϢϤϢжԼеķ
ȴһĿڡ
ĿڴۻΪ𲻱۷ˣɣ黹صؽ۵жȥǱԼڴ˼֡
硭
ȻǵĿǣˣɣ֮ؼ尾꣬ϰɱɣΪԼЩֻԹޣٴοʱ򣬲ŷȻͬǰǰ㡣
Լ֮ˣҲǻ񣬻æɿŽ֣˼ǰ˾ɣ顣
Ѿ֮أǸطû˭ܻų
ֱٴǸϤĳƺȷˣǵǸӡ
飬飡
ɣжȫɱһЦֽĿڵĳԼȡһɫķ쵽ǰ磬һˡ
ǰ˼ĵһȻ˺ܶķÿ컻һģɫķȴһֱţС
ʹ֮ڣ屻˺ҧ飬Ҳ֮ڣصúúõġ
ûаħܹ۸ˣѰԼƤʱǻ˺ܾúܾãұԼÿһһ
ѾմѪۣôϴԼߡ
һ˲䣬ݺݵزȻ޷ɣŨаħ֮Ϊħ


99  
Ϊħ
ɣЦһ 벻֮س֮ˣԼôǸطôǸط꣬ ԼΪħ
Ҳаħ Ҳаħɱ
Ǹط Ǻаħһ ˺ɣ ôλȥܴǸҪµĵط
ΪγħΪ 鴦ɣ󺰣ʹġ
Ȼˣ㻹ң㻹ҩȡš
𣿡ɣԳЦţ 㻤ס㻤סңܻס ҾͲܾĥҾͲᱻǶ֮أ
ʹ꣬ɲԭԼ¡
ɢʱ ħԨصҩȣǸʱɣѾϺˡ
ǸʱԼ ҽ٣ ְǾˣ²֪ιˣȴ޷Ȼ ޷Լųĺӡ
Ժѧôȥս Ҳ彣 ôĽδйôһζ˵ľҪˡ
ʱ𲻸ҿϵĽҿɣʧʧ顣
ҡҪͣȴ޷ɣŨħҧаħǧ򲻸ħ
˿ɣȴܲô࣬ݺݵѾ˵ݺΣѾˣģȥкδ
ɣٴʰ𳯱bȴָץ
ɣˣȻûǰô죬תͷʱĳѾĲϡ
ѾվĨȥϵѪɣҪɱ¿һЩɱֳһЩ
Ȼвֶκܱɣǲò˵кܹá
֮꣬Ȼķɼôں꣬ϣǶв
ɣԥ֮ʱһ΢Ҳһѹһ񲻹ټһС
΢ɣǰɣ黹δԷ΢ֻ֣ǽ˶ȥЩ֪΢Ҳ֮һ
ͷ΢ȫУɣͷһۣۺ⡣
аħʼɣԺн궼αںǣѾˣģǻڱҲɱ
ɱ
һͷвѿɣ˫۷ɺ죬ݺݵ
ɣսbеĽĲƤʺѪҺ˳Ųʡ
ɣ飬㵨Ҷһ£
ʹеɱǿ𲱾ϵѪɣ黹ͣ֡
飬߰ɡ۾ӲϵʹǰѾסɣ飬񣬸ΪԼٴαץ
ɣĳ֮У׼ľɣ޷ͷ΢֮
ǰΪ㣬ҲڣΪ˱סԪˣǧŻָҪ񶼣ҲҪ𣿡
һһȫɣĿϣ֮ڣʶ磬ǾľǣΪεĿ֮»ȥ
Ӯˣɣ޷Լǰܵ˺Ƿ˳bеĵֿٴѹΡ
ӡ޷סɣķԼеĵֿܰѹС
Щ̫˨ס֮еҿҲ֪Щӡܲܰ˩ס
Ŀڴ˿ûбɣҲȫںһڵѾˣ΢ǷûУ
ɣݺݵקӣֶ˺飬οε
޴죬ǵһһĲǺİһԾŶѾͷ΢
ǰȻɣ黹ǲţȻͣקӣұۿǰȻ⼸ӱ˩סңҶὫȫˣ
һңɣɵ˵еЩ
ΪһﲻҶֻȥͷ΢
ֱͷ΢֣ɣŰһЩ
ʹţʮǶÿһѾ͸ùǣҲȻʾ
ɣϵÿһ˿ȫĿģԼϵȫͲں˫Ŀͷ΢ˣûΪǣ
ҡҡͷɬΪʲôߣ֪εĿ̣Ҫˣ֮Ǹץס㡣
ɣ鲻мЦһǲ壬ļ綼ܱο㣬ʹҰħҿɱ񶼣Ҳܿˡ
ԼԼһЩ΢ɫ䣺ãֻҪ׽٣׽֮´ɢ
Ҳû룬Ҫǰ⿪ɣʱɣǳ⣺𿿽ҵӡơ
ɣӣҲģԼ⿪𣿡
ɣקӣЦӺͼӡסң̫Сˡ
ȻǶûˣҲûҪ˵ɣҪק
ȵȣҶһֹɣĶһɫꡣ
ͷ΢꣬׷񣺡μӡ
Ȼˣɣüͷ΢Ҳ׷ͷҪɣûôˡ
ѽɣȵĿӣȻ󼥷ԭӼٰôģ㿴ûܣұģǰҿɱֳġ
òԵĵ˵ͷЦſɣ飬ƽӦţ˵ˣ˵͸һǼġ
𣬻ӣɣĿӣϵĶȴһҲûͣ
ӵĿקȻǸǣаܵͼ̽ɱ
ңɣӴϵȣҲǣùϵ˿ڣ˿ڵʹ˿⣬ֻǺݺݵصӡ
Ӵݲȣɣֻ̫˽ƣЩӣҲȫиĽƣ㶯ԽݣҪԸĿͷ
˵ͷ΢ʱԽܵĿԽ࣬ʱǲģѵŲ𣿡
𳤳̾һӵȻ뿪Ϊ߲ҲҪв


100  
ȻǡǳЦһ ȻΪвȵĳ룬ֻ룬ʹߵ˺ǺΪУ Ȼǿ ܳŶã
ЦеĿ ֤ ֮ݣ ܰȻ߳Ρ
ԥ ɣԼһҲ⣬磬ˣҿȫΪУ ҩȻڶӣҪ㣬ҷľǣ ǲܰô
Ϊ΢簲ģӽɣùϵĹǶȫȡ˳ҽĽƣ ҩˣܷ뿪
Ϳ ı ߺɣƲһӣˣ Ҫǻ¾˵ ±Ϣ
ţ žȴһ㲻͵ģҲŵİ
ӼһŹǶϰ棬Ƶ˹ǶҲ´İɣ
ǡɣЦһΪʲôҪʲôô𣿡
Ӷ׵ɣǰ֪޸Ҳ֣µأµʱΣ
ԭ㣬ֻϧ֮ˣĶӣɣ͸֮ˡ
ɣ鲢ӣֻĸƾʲô㣿ɱһɱΪҪ
ϵɣķӦ֪һ˾ɱ˸ҲֻɱƬǼľܱסؼߣ佫ڻ磬ҪĽ𣿡
ֻҪᵽɣԸһЩӣʵҪµ
ȻӺԼҰģҺҳµͲΪҲΪѵѨɽΪѷ΢˼ü乩Σ
ɣ鲻⣬ΨһɽҰ㡣
ɹʶ֮ˬĽ⿪ɣĽƣϵӡ
ҩȺ͵ѨɽѾȥһÿҩƺЩƻ
Ҫ˽֮ɣֱվ˶ľֽţ⸱ǿ󣬱˵ĵطйǶˣҩ˶ѾȬ
ֱɱȥľɵǡ
ɣЦһͷˣҪʲôգҪʲôҲҪҪɱеЩʹɢͷҲһš
ʹɣӦӺҲֻǴӦҪɱôλãǾͲˡ
ȵȣסɣ飬ŨɱвҪˣؽҡ
ҲңҺ£
ɣɲںҲңֻҪɱЩԼɡ
˵ΪĴȱ񲢷ɣҲҲûбҪдȱ֮ġ
ӳεʱɣѾٴɱʬҰ
ɣѾק˳קħԨ֮⣬ħԨĽ磬ѷط֣Ӧþطɢ꣬úÿܲһ£ôɢġ
ɣż򣬶ã޺޵ҧӣ㾿ʲô
ɣͷĶԣжҰƤˣЩҲǼʣǻҪһ£ôɢģҲɢ˽磬Ǳһʹ
ܹؽֻ꣬ϹŻʱڵɣҲֻмȻڣֻʣˡ
֪϶ô׾ɢ꣬ɣеаħֿʼˣŶԣعڻ磬ûйʲôʲôǲɡ
硭
֮ģɣԺУͷԵ֮ٵʱӦûδ㣬֮ڼĸף֮аز֣ǲɢ꣬ұع磬㻹кܿܿ
аħ궯ʱԸоŨҵħŨҵħֻǵַӡаħ
аħûǣɣħȻѾħȴȻܱǡ
Ϊλˣ
ԥУɣ̴ħԨ֮קһ٣Դš
ѪͽϣµԴȱߡ
ɱ֮£ɣѾϰߣҲսȶ̫ƽҲ˶̼ܵ
ɣƲȥϵѪֻһٰˣȻ⣬ԥһӣұɱʮ٣Ҫֶܼã񶼵ɱ꣬оĺ
ŶˣֹˡɣһЩ飬ȻаЦţ˵֮ʼаһܽǰԹ㿴˺ҧ
ѾƽϢа˿ٴӿϴͷ˫ɺĵ֮ͬеаħ
ɣ黹һЩǣҲûħƣϳаħ
аħĲҲˡ
һӹȥɣһһšǵԴʮͷ­һſŹĽ¡
ûжҡûһӵʱ䣬ɣ˶ʮ٣ÿһɣס鵤
צǵĻƤȵѪɣצϣѪȵϢ˷ܲҷ
𣿡Ƕ
һٵǺйصͷ­·ѾԼ³ȴûеӣݺݵɣ飺ӣҪҵвλٲ
йڡɣ鿪ĵЦŹƣһצѾ͸λٵĿڣĿͳһѾѪ࣬צץ顣
ѪеĸоŨѪζɣøӷ
ѹ궯ĶаħĸоܺãҪȥƣҲûбҪȥơ
ɺĿһλϣǲҲ
һҧҪɱҪ㡣
λٻΪԼҲɵϵһ߱ʬ壬Ȼɣ鲢ûж֡
Ƶǰצ⣺㿴ǶģǵҲǰĺȫ㣬û޷ѣǧ֮ǵĻǱΪа飬ǵʱ㣬һģ
Ÿ£Ѿղŵǰǰһ˳ǰ㿴ʺɫģǵĶģȵġ


101 ľ 
ˣ۾ ٿɱǸʺһࡣ
սҲΪضȴܿЩǰ
ͨˣɣĽϵ飬ȵѪҺٴνϣ մʺɫѪҺ 
仹ѪζצԼϻ ٿٵԼǰ ҧͷã ɢԼء
˵źݺݵĵɣ飺ҲҪٻؼ䡣
ɣЦһͷ­ צ֮ºݺݵץ飬۵ûк̸еʸƣҪһЩ ҲͲǰ˵ǲ㺦ǣ
˿̣ɣһ죬 Ҳûܸ˵ͨǣɢꡣ
Ȼˬ죬 ɣҲˬúܣ̾Ͱʣµٸ˳ Ȼ˫۳ڴĿ
ʼɣ ҲɢС
ԼԪƳ⣬һץ֮˽֮УҲʼɢ
Щ ɣ飬 ۵׾Ǳ֪ һлŵ㣬˸ӣʲô飿
ζı飬̾ͱñ䣬ɣݺһţһͷ­ȵϡ飬㲻֡
𡭡
ֹǻһԪ飬ԪѾʼɢ
һصʬкһθɢ壬𲻿ŵĿɣ飬ֱ顣
ɣ飬Ϊλ
ССú۵úܣҹûƵƣһҹССĶϺð졣
ɱĻӣڻ᲻ܾá
ڣصʬǳ֣֮𲻿ŵĿǰˡ
ģֺʲôˣΪʲô
ĵɣʶԼմѪֲв
ֱϣɣкò˸һâױ޹⣬ݵĿ𣺡һҿԵˣҪٴһ𣿻ɱңΪ𣿡
㲻ãųڲҲŲкޣ񶼿ԣ㲻ôɱ
Ϊʲôܣɣţ磬Ϊ˱Ҿͷϧͷ΢вң˲ʣΪʲôɢꣿӦ㣬˶㣬Ϊʲô㻹Ҫ
Ϊؼ䲻û㿴飬֪ɱ磬磬˼䣬Ҫܶؼòƽһִƣ˵㵱ҵͲͬŭ֮£ָɣ飬һʧ
ٴֱָĿڣɣʧֱݵԭҲ㶼Ҳóֶ𣿡
ԣûΪ㣬ѾѪɢűסأһָˣ֪һ𣿡
һɣе˲ֱֱĽ⣬ٴδĿڵλá
ðһ໤꣬Ӵ֮ȫ塣
˵ɣ̳ħԨҲаħɱ˫ɺ˾ɱħԨ֮һֱ񶼣һһֱϳаħħơ
һ·׷ȴ޷ֹѾɱۣҪرѪӵɣ飬סҲûκס
ԼҲû뵽ΪԼųǸܹλģû뵽ųһûǵɱ
飬Ӵ񣬺һ籣񶼣Ҫסɣ顣
ɣֶܴ飬οһ硣
ɣ׾ʹ˽磬֮ȫһغѪһ·֪ɱ˶ˣԼҲ֪˶ˣǸоʹһֻҪл֣Ҫɱͷ
Ϊ񶼵ĶңصȫӿϺȫѪɣɱ˹ҲȫɢѪɺҲ֪ɱ˶ˡ
ҵӵʱѾǱûֱӳɣǰԱסһ
ܵϤϢʱ򣬰պǾȣ׷ʵϢǲɣ飿
ɣع⣬Ϻɣ鶪֮غϺĴ⣬ʱ԰ҲûаɫֻǱǰˣ񶼣ϺҲһܣвԱУǰȥʱ򣬾͸Ǳ𡣡
ǡյǺ̹ȻüĽٵǵǱǺ£аħ֮ŨأֻѾħа취ָǡ
ʱ𼷶Ұյɫʲôѣʲô󷨣ҲҪ취ס˭
տħϵľǸ飬ɣһǶкĸ飬ǰܻһЩҪŪɸУҾа취ָǡ
ǡԥˣħԨʱĽѾɣĿڣ֮Ѿˣɣ黹飿
ˣһҧʱҲ˲ôˣôȥһħʱûǸƽ֮ҡ
֮£ɣͲǰʲôֻ֪ǳǰľһҪɱ˭Ҳܻ
ΪɢҪȫᡣ
ֻʣɱֱȻ俴վĽ£Ѿ̹ȥһȻסǿɵԼϣʱɣƬ̵ѡ
ְɡĿڣɣ˫ɺ죬ҲûκҪֵĴ㡣
ϳħƣ𳤳̾һûеɸȥ
ᵽɸɣеɺȥ˺ָܶ࣬һ־֪Чͼ˵ɣɸ֮ڣѾ˿ľȻûе¸ãڣҲڵ㡣
ɣųb滹мдϢɣָһ˿־˵ǰ֮ǰҪҪ˵ˣҲ᲻ˣڣˣصɸ㻹ڡ
áеɺɢȥϵħҲ˺ܶ࣬ɣӦҪųbһһɸȥ
ճ֮صʱɣ͵ɸֻһƬߡ
Ҳֻɸо޴ĿϲֻҪƿŴܹͻеİ
ףԭΪϲΪǷɣǼΪмİʹ񣬷ɣѾ˿ľ


102 ϺѰ 
ɣ侲Ļᣬ ɸԺ󷨡
Ǽɢ֮ǰ̸Щ󷨣Ǹʱ򣬼ϵպһаħ
ɣڵаħᵽΣյϢʼӿ겻 ڷɣ£ ɣʶԼɱ
ǸԼĿȫǵһ档
 㣬 㣡㣡аħԺ
ҲѪ˫ۿ ʣûͱң ѹѾ뿪Ǹطһȥ𣿡
վ֮⣬ţѾаħʴѹаħٴؼ䣬 ôѪȫ׷ˣ飬ѹа ֻҪħȥ󷨾Ͷûˡ
ϧĻûãӾҵ ͷ΢Ҳּӹ󷨣Щѡ
ǿþ޴Ŀľݺһ ɣϵĳbҲŲ
顭΢õ һɣƽԲϴǼ
翣 Ѱ ֻܽĿ˿ľϡ
ɣʼʹģ ԴĴڣԴϢ
ʹѾɢ꣬ڣһһдʶ˵
˵ҵдĲл꣬Ǿ͡
ػ䡭
һ뷨ԺȻըɣһѹ˳󷨵ӡһӡԼڣѴаħѹڣ徲ˡ
侲еɺȥԭ峺ĵɫͫףħɢɫ԰׵ÿ¡
顭
һʶ͹ȥסɣ飬ȴĮƿˣһѾûиϵˡ
֮뿪ɸɣȻ֪δԼ֮أȥħԨǸĵطȻ֮
һ㣬ȫѷأƸء
ɱʱЩʹھŲסһƬ谵С
һͿɱ٣һʼҪҲûκɡ
֪ˣɳڶ콫һ·׷š
ͷ΢Ҳţֻĸȥɣġ
ħԨħأ΢ȥҪסǸϵħԨʱɣѾ׻Բʡ¡
΢ǵʵɸڱأɣĹϵǿ϶ȥѲҩȵģڻܰȥ
һҧ͵ҩȣѾˣӶٺӦһЩ
˼һ֮󣬷΢ǳ˼УҩȵĵӣȫֻҩŵҩȣȫȫҴѨɽȥôֳš
ܿ׷ˣҲûʱ˼ǣżǾȰѨɽߣס
΢ֱţ㣿磬ɴûĴܹ𣿡
ս˳ҧܲУڶûʱԥˡ
һգ񶼳˻֮֮⵽ҵһֻ
˽֪ҩȵֻˣˣһĽմѪ֮˵Ѫ
һΪ˱֮ˣɱ䣬׷ȫĽ¡
Ҳֻ֪Ϊ˲֪ɣ٣ҲԹ
Թܳ˭й
ɣʱǷ΢ߣһһۡ
΢һ̾ʣɣ㻹ûﲻ̫أǧҪҶһЩҩ
΢ոɣͽסˣڴϣ˫ãȻʣСˣɢǲǺ۰
΢һã֪ôͻȻ
ҲѯʣܿԼش϶Ǻۺۣ屻˺鶼ôۣ۵ܲˣɢ˿϶ۡ
ʱ΢ŷӦ˵ǼһʱҲ֪ôȥοֻȱܣѨɽǰȫģȥ˵ҩ˵̫ˡ
ɣûеȷ΢ѾϺ
񶼵˻ֵϺˡ
ϺԨʰ˵걻Ϻǣ֮صİɡƳһǽȻֱϺ
񶼶ûסӱ˵һϺ
Ϻʱһ𾪣ֱԼ۾㣬㻹ţ
֮ǱħԨҪյĵطϹȫɷ֮Ҳģɣܴ߳
ɣһЦҵȻţ񶼵˵ˣұģȱžȣҪȺ£Ϊֵˡ
˵ţɣ鳤ġһȻЦ˵ԣֻ㣬Ϻȫ
ƾ㣿ôĿϺֱɣ̹ȥǰҾ㣬Ҳһ
ɣȻˣϺΪûһ룬ϺĹǱѰôһˣһˡ
ǿڰϣһͽ룬ˡ
ɣǹô󶯾ΪľǽеӶ
еӶ룬ˢˢʮĸӳ֣ɣһӿЦһźݺݵϺؿϣߵһѪ˳ʮӣǺø
𾪵Ŀɣ飬Ϻǰʲô֪㸸׵ġ
ɣЦһף˵仰ÿЦⲢ磬֪ʲôϳļǣеĸף
ԡɣ鷴ӦĿڵȷĸףʮĸȫĺӣֻҲǣҳͱֲָԨУòףҵ磬ϡ
ɣ齣ָΪ**ѬģʳͷȴҪܷΪʲôΪӣң䲻ݡҺò״γֱǶȥһ׮׮һһҲû𣿡
䣬ɣĽѾ̴˰壬֮ҪأѪ࣬ȴҲȥ
ɣҪǵһ齸ʯ棬ָһһߵŽƵϺȫҪҿɲϺô飬ҸһԵʱ䣬Ҫ˵ģҪģ˵
룬ֲˣҪǾԼʹ죬ǣҲԾܰҲԣͿûǸˡ
񶼵Ĵңۿģ¿ɣɱڣǰǶԲ㣬ϺȴֵĵطɣֵһҲ㵶Թʹ˽ҹΣ


103 λ 
ɣ鿴Űգ мֺЦŻ˼֣գϺҲͶ㿴˳ۼ֣  Ҳ򲻹 һȥ 
ҡҡͷ ǼᶨϺ̫ӣ ϺԹۣ
⸱ģɣ̯̯֣ϧǾû취ˣԼҪ
ͱק˹ һץסǵλãƵĽǸͳҪţ ȴһ֮⡣
ĸоһǰ֮⣬ ҪֹϺɣļǳȴΪһ
εӣ ɣ黹һ ðɺðɣҲ͸ϺͰг𣬱ģ ģ Լһȥ Ҳţߵģɱҡ
ɣ黹صص˺ܾãֻûһҪ뿪˵ģҶݺݵˣŶã־Ͳʰ㣡
˻ᣬȻߣǾͱˡɣҪϺɱ䣬סҲֹˡ
ŷ΢ʱɣѾ˸׳죬Ҳˡ
һӣֳһ˼ǣĸ׵Ļɪɪ
ϺƳɣȻɱǸ칥ʱ׵ӵǰ
־ٶɣ񣬿С׵ĺӣͣ֡
һӵǰʲôɣ޺޵ҧ֪Ϻģôຢʱû뿪ΪֻǶ
ڣԼߵĺӣһơ
СϺ޳ܡ
ͣϺһȴץӣֻҪӮʲôֶβҪҪ㲻С
𣿡ɣЦĺӣвҵĺӣֻǲҵ֣ΪôСܱס
ɣ׺ݣҲϺϻһӣŰϺȥ
һɲǣֱϳ壬ӴϺϣӸ˹ڻУڰ
Ϻˣɣջ֮£һųŰ߹ȥֱ赲ڰǰջˣһϸǲǣ˻ߣҪ
ջ֮£ɣ齫ǶϺԨ֮ϣסϺǰˣǵϳļǣվǽϺƷ
˵ţպ«ưϺǳ˳Ҳɱ㣬Ҳ㳢յĸо
ϺԨУЩ˼ǵҲȥ
ձӾ֣ܲɣĿ⿴ʱ̾͵ڰǰ
ɣ轫㶯֣Ҳȥǣ
ԣձ㽫ƿ˶Ԩ֮⣺ѾӴߺٻ
һٶɣ⡣
Ǻɣض֣ûɣ鿿վѾ󵽣ǵĶԹӻСŹ𣿡
ɣ鿴˿Լ֣ȫȾѪôȷʵǲ飬ʲôó
ôһ룬ŰЦʲôסȴһ߶ȫûôõ飬ұԸ㶯֣ڸһѡֻһԼѡ
ն˵ҲûԨȥ
Ԩ֮ϰʮǣʮӣֻСаյļûгļǶһһ˳
Ѿ˳𣬿ȴûһ˿һĸо
һɣ齫ϺϳļǣԨУγһӡȫӡϺԨС
عͷǸСɪɪԼĸ׵ĻУȫͲҿĸҲµĲڷ΢
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ɣûмֵĴ㣬ֻӴϺΪԸ¾£߾ߣ޹ء
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Ϊµ֮յĵһۣٶɣĿߣеٶҪɣ顣
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ҲǿɣͺˣڽųԼƲס
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104  
ɣɸľվһ죬 ľϲһ˿˿΢ϢͺƼһ
磬Ըһ֦Ѿ𣿡
Ͳʲôϣ£ һ֦Ѿ ɣϡ
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µҲԼ˼Ĺ
ɣҲһ֦ѾؼѰ˰꣬ڶһĵĽϣ Ѱһ˿Ϣ
Ϊȡһ˿˿Ĳл꣬ɣ齫һ飬ԭгĶ˸ס
һ˿Ĳл걻СķԼ
˺ǧ꣬ ؼƮֻΪѰһ˿˿Ĳл꣬ÿһҵл궼Ҫֳһ ǧ꣬ܵ  ֣ȫһ顣
ؼ
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Ҳ֪ɣļǻ˶ãҶBҵ˳ڻþɣġ
ħԨĴħϣ вͻһþС
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ҶB׽סɣ˺۵֣΢΢ЦǼҲİ˭ұ˭ֻһؼҡ

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ôá
ԭֻԼħֻԼԼסˣֻǲǵˡ
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š
ɣֻӦһתӡ޲Լʶȴ޲ͬʱû
ħԨбشʶʱţԺ


105 ʧ 
ͷ΢ħԨ֮⣬ ܹǳֱ۵ĸܵǿ޲磬Ҳܸоǹ΢
ǵüͷصҪŲסˡ
Ҫȥ΢ҲûֱħԨ塣
Ÿո̤ħԨɫѾڿն ħԨ ͵͵ڵʹࡣ
ɣ΢ż׷Űȥ
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׷ȥԶ΢ͳ׸ɣ飬ħԨ֮оκɣϢ֪䵽ʲôط
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΢ص붼ʱҶBո ֻ˷΢æʣأҼǵҴģģ
һסصǲȣ ܲסĻǣñҶ
ȷʵͬ˺һ һ¶ʹ ڲЩֻţأģ
΢ҧŴСħԨ֮ Լ޲˺Ľ磬 Ȼ֪ΪͻȻħԨ ׷ȥû׷ҲҲκϢ
˵飬ˣҶBһʱ֪ʲôӦƴ˰ɣħԨĻþȴɣ飬ˡ
û׷ɣ飬΢ҲΣ÷ҹˣħԨ꣬ҲˣѾǸڵ飬֮⣬κķû취ҵǸûа취֪ϢҪڴѡ
ҲҪңħԨҵʱѪڱħ˺ҧҲ֪ұҪҵվѣҶBվʹȥ
һѽסº͵ɸͷ۵Ǹǰһʲô¶ȰסԼס˵ɣˡ
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ãã˼ҶB벻ɣ黹ܵʲôطȥ
ȥ˹ѰѰпһˣɣСӶڡ
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ʱħԨʱɣѾӦҪǳˣûɲԼûɶǾֻ鷳Σա
ҶBʱ֪Ҫȥʹ˼Ĳּ䣬ǿհ׵ǧ꣬˵̫İ
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ŮıһδģֻϿǸеģǲĶԼŮ
ŮŸհ˷źãͿԼҸһӵĿԼֹУȴһӣɻҪ
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һɾ·ŵԱߣҲûʲôõ·ЩǸɾģϵ·ˣպŴһ°ɡ
һãȻѾŸˣҲ֪һ˻ܲܶǲ֮ˮҲһ
Ϸ֮ųһĿԼĸףʵǲӣе⣿
𣬼˵ʱɽϺе㲻Ѱףɽɽ϶ܿߺͷ񣬽ɽʱһһֻһֻҰöûУԱ߻кôһӣһǲǴϵģȻʲô޶ˣ
ҲãȻҡͷһԲҲ֪ô¡
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һʱۣľȻʵŲ˼˰ɣ
˷ſѵ߳һܿϵ˿һѪ˿ȻѪ˿࣬ȴ֪ڷеҩûã˿Ҳûд


106 С 
¶һֱϣ һǱʲôҪĿȻϴѪ֮󣬿ûôĿġ
뵽ϲ֪ж˿ڣ;ͷƤ顣
ǽݽҩ˳ ̯ɣǰ˿ڣ ҩ˲ܺá
˶ҩۿһ£ ҡҡͷ
úʹ ȴʶԸȥЩ˿ڡ
һãȻĿ棬 һ˫ɫӺǺÿ ǳ峺¶Ǻͯһ
治ΪʲôôĻڣһƿҩϣ ҲǣôҲӣǸͲԼϵ˿һ
һ ͳһʵԲ飬ϵݸ档
滹ûôԲŵ飬ã ĿԼĸס
æֵţöԷջȥӴ ʲôû һͳˣĶ
˲գȥǾ飬 ִҪǣ ǼƴǲµĻ ϾҪϵ
ԥǿ飬µһ̣Ǹ˾ȻĵЦһ¶
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һãȻҡҡͷʣʲôطģ
ҡҡͷ治ŵʣʲôطĶ֪ʲô
ϣһãҡͷʲô֪һ֪
ʱΪУĿԼĸףʲôǵãȥûУǰ°ɡ
ҪǸͨˣҲˣӣҲΪ
ʱҲεĿûеطȥģ
Լ׵ԥףǼסƫƧƽʱҲ·ͺˣᱻֵġ

Ů֮Ӧ
һ춼ѾۿʱҲˣһԣСѧҪϿˣûʱڼˣú֮Ҫ߶Ȼ󵽼һЩܲĻһ
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Ȼ˵˳ú֣һʼԼȷʵЩ
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ε̾һ֮濴ɫӣȻûеطȥǾֶûУܲܽ˰ɣͷǰɫģԺС׿𣿡
˵ͷĿǰŮ˫۸ɾһƬ
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СһԼ˲ˣצҪȥҶB˺ˡ
Ҳоǫһֱţο˺ˣϺҲ˭۸ģ˵Ըǿ˵ǲǿӣҸʲôط˶ѣ˺ˣȻͻˡ
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ҶBʱһվҪȥʳǣϲˮʹҪҵطˣҲˮĵطʳǣҾͰ߹ĵطһ飬ܻҵġ
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ŶƵӦһǹԹԵĴӦצҪҶBֳɺü꣬ӵӾôٽӣҲҡ
ƫԶɽڣӼлʱѾϦ£Ѥõϼ£ͬһ
˲ٶмҩ
ʱڶ飬С׾ڴ̨ǰǸ˿׹ϸڿ
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ֱӽ׹ָպãȻĿĶ
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һмزˣ˵ѾѵܳԵһٷʢˡ
һ뼦ֻС׺ǰ沢ûиԼʢС׿һۣͽƵǰ
æ֣òãҸոջûţѾڳȹˣҪ塣
̽һֱתǻûжϵķˡ
Ҳ˼СǲǾ÷ֲ̫ˣԲߣ
СãȻĿƺǲ˼
ʧĴǲʲô˼ңֻЩֲ赭
ʱСײŷӦҡҡͷǽƸ棬ȴϵˮȡ
Ŷ˼ʵ˵ֻҪˮͿԣóʳ
С׶ʱ˵ĳͷ
ӳֵһֱֵֹģڸŮһֱûаˣҵûʲôֵġ
һǸ˵ߣȴֻˮҲ޷İó·
룬ԼӼϻһЩǣȫóݸСףҴӼһЩǹ㿴ϲϲ
СһǣֵʱһЩֵֹĻ档
ǵһγǣǸζͺԹܶһֵĸо
ҹʱٴҩѶʣĲҪҩ˺أҩĻѺõġ
ĻС׻ǳҡҡͷȻƿԼӣֱϰ컹һѪ˿ڣֻǵϣѾʼϣӶò˶þ
滹ǵһμܺõôġ
㻹治ͨˣҲ֡͵һûȽҩ
Сײ˵Ҳֳ̫ҲǶЦһЦ涼֪ʲô
ʱ򣬾ڴ߿ţգǿ׹


107  
Сס죬 ÿҲֻڴ̨ǰǿգԼ׹ڳճյĿš
ţǸ׹϶ǳҪĶ йأ һԼļҡ
Ҳ֣ һһЩ֮ ҲûгԹʲô ÿͺһЩˮ
ϵҲõúܿ죬 ûκҩ£ҲͶ̶̼ʱ䣬Щֲ˿ҲȬһۼûС
ֻÿվ ôָӡ
һھӼҵĴһţڼҩһСݡ
ȷ濴С ŷȥô
ֺǺǵ͹
ɱһôüˣʳҲ࣬ ùô˼أ
Ӹƻȥ ˵ʲôҲ¡
ȴֱӽӷԺڵʯϣ ̾ﻹеģ˵ֲˣ˵˵ǸŮ ֲµֵأ Ϳϼһ㲼Ǯҩȥˣ ʣٸ壬Сطѧã̺Ƕдָ֣ԺеϢףǸжʲô
ڴ￪˸ѧãкӶܶд֣˵ǴĴˡ
ӲҲǴﶼ֪ģϥֻһŮûػֻ֯ãӹýţҲܰһһ㡣
ŮȴǿúܣκδǵĶݣҲÿζǿӲҪҲգɴͲˡ
ͷ۵Ҳˡ
һҲһļƣֱԺĴʯͷһǾͲˡ
һʼԺ;ùֵֹģ˵ʲôطֵֹġ
ôһ֪ˣԺһص仨
ҵľԱһѾܶ궼ûпˣڶѾˣطҲѾüû꣬ܶ໨ݶήˡ
Ժӵ֣ݳúúõģϻ˹ӡ
ȵö겻ˣû뵽Ȼܽ
ôһ˵涼ȲѣǰԺﻹûЩݵģһ쾹ȻѾӡ
ʶĿСݣֹţ᲻Сף
ʱȴһȻӶˣüӻȥ͵Ӹ㻻˼
Ҳ֪ǸŮ˵ƢҪǲӣǾԲԼļģڣһĹв٣üҲࡣ
̫ߣҪժȴιţùʱӾԼɲɸպõ
֮ȲĽӿСס
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ָзïĻݣСʣлŪ𣿡
СãȻҡҡͷһ£ֵ˵ͷ涼ʲô˼̾аɣúţһҪ֯
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ѾǺǵҩζʹҩҲü
С׸Ǳ̱ǵҩζŪûڣ߹ȥ̧־ͽҩ򷭡
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СãȻ񣬶ʱί޹ǲСµСһ㣬ֵУߵǰԼһѪεˮУݸ
ҺıԾڿܡ
С׻ױһѪˮݸ֮󿴵ܲΪѵı飬ǳίſ˵֣Ρ
ԭ˵涼ˣô죬ûڣʲôҲֻһãȻĿԼû뵽ȻῪ˵
СֱӺԵĻִŵĽеˮŸ
Ѿ˵ˣΪѣҲǽӹˮһһͷһȫ¡
һˮպȥ͸оԼһǻͨһӾ;˲١
ָо
ɫһӺ˲٣С׶ʱĵЦ
ü峺µĺͯ۽µѪ룬͸żֲ²͸аʵԲ²һˡ
ʱС׸һϴ˿ڵˮлѪԺ˵ǿЩݲݶմѪŻģ
С׿ȻЩãȴǵ˵ͷ
Ѫβûݸţȴ˳˼С
С׵ѪЧǺ£ͬҲһ鷳
ɫصĽһ𣬷ǳ˵СףԺһñ֪Ѫβ֪ˣɱ֮ƥﻳ
С׿붮ӣǵ˵ͷ
С׺ܰͲô񿴼
ȴϲˮʱ˫ֱҪˮ۾ɺ죬ˡ
̶̼Ĺ򣬼еˮͱľˣͷ۵ʱ򣬾д˵ﾮˮѾɿˣҪˮȥˮ
²꣬ӵׯڻƽǿһھάϵھҲѾɿݡ
ŸѾûˮҲйٸˮҪȥһЩˮˡ
չͭǮʱС׾Ա߾ĿҲ˱˫һŴӸ
ùӣһڼҵȵȣҪȥˮûˮˡ
Сͷʾܲ⣬̾һ̫òˣˮˣˮҪǵˣɾûеطˮˡ
Сö˼ˣʱ۾һ·һǣ⣬һãȻʵСףʲô
СԵø˷ܣָգ濴ա
ԭտգһ̾ܲҹͬʱ䡣
ˣ
Ѿ²ĴӣȻˡ
ˮɢȣѵصõʪׯҲܻˣ漤üҪ
֮ʶҪסСףԭΪ˵Сʶ˿Ŀ档
˿һ£ͣ˰УЦⳡҲСµ㻹ꡣ
С׺ĵ˵ͷŶ˵ʲô¡
ԽԽⳡɽˡ
Сƺϲ꣬վֽסµΣˮģܿͱһվڴ֮Уˮϵ·޷ʪ·һ


108  
֮ ﶼ˷ܣ׷óԼҵʳﵽȥݡ
鱾Ǽɽ⣬ûһ ǶݵĶֻ ҲʶΪӻǵľ
֪Ҫȥʱ С׵úǸӣ Ȼû˵ Ǹ·ڶ˵ һ
ǵһ¶顣
İ׷ȷŵ񣬻޷滹ǲ㽫ȥ
ʧ֮࣬С׻ǵժӣ ŵУ˼Щȥݡ
į飬ʵǲ̫ˣ ȥߣ
СãȻҡҡͷʣֻȥ
С׳һ£˵ͷ Ȼ뻹ҡҡͷҲ֪ʲô˼
ȻͿڴ̨ ֪˯ˡ
ڴ̨˯ţ ôڣʵڲȥⲽ˺ܾã ǲȥ Լֻܵһȥдַɢע
һСۼˣ ˯˺ܾһ
˯ú죬ŮҲȥҹʱ˼Ǿѣֻ˸̺ӣСϡ
ҹȴ
ͣЪãҹʱ֣ϵǵԺţһյǳż
һ·ֱȥˣĿɲһˣǴȫˡ
ûô̹飬ʶݵĴ̨ǲǴǷС׵ĴڣҪݵĻô졣
ôһ֣ҲżæŵĴ·ǰǿ̨˯Сס
̫󣬽СҲˣո˯˫ʣ̧۾ɻĿ档
ʱվС߶ҲҺ͸׳ȥʲô¡
ſο궯Ĵʵʲôˣ˵
Ǵȫ侲ֱӿ˳ӣǼˡ
ĴҲ׷ױʾԼҵĺӲˣһ˵ʱԼҵĺ˵ɽһᣬǳģȻһֱûлȥ
ĺϲܣʱҲֵͦŻؼңкܶҪæһʱῴӿһֱŷֺûл
ôһʲŷ֣ҼһĺӶˣŷӦǳ˴¡
Ǹ˵ӳ߹涼ûпκһߵ
Ҳʾһɻ󣬵Ҳûп
´ǿɸżˣæοţ𼱱𼱣ӾôɽҲϤ˶ھһɽȥҰɣҵġ
ֱӾȥõһݾͿСǵ
ҲûʱֻͣһҪȥһˣСϢɡ
Сд˲͵ǣҪס棬С˵ȥ
ֻǵҹﲻοģǻܿͻġ
ɽеĵζǳ˽⣬ʹûǳָ·Ҳ˳ҵ·ͷ
ֻǽոһ꣬ɽ·ߡ
ɽҲûзκνӡ֪ӡǱˮߣЩӸûɽ
ԽȥǾԽֱɽдһ죬еĴ˹ȥ
ǱǲǱߣ
˳ķ򣬷׷׹ȥ鿴
ɽֵͨоҰ޳ûƽɽԿҲߵǲɵǲǺ̰棬ܵɽȻҰޣĻôǾ׶༪ˡ
ܲɵǣմͬʱɽͷĻһֵʲô޵ŭ𣬻ͬһ
ɽжʱ²ĵطƫƫʱҪһꡣ
ȻƬ̴£ðҵ˾촫λá
ȿһѪеĺӣӵؿڴһ飬඼Ѿ˳
һϳӣʱźӴ
һȺӣʮڵϣǴȴǰˡ
Ϊǿˣм䣬һˡ
׵ͷβŵɫɫͫںҹΪ΢ĵƹ֮£ܿ۽һѪɫ룬ұֹ졣
ôǸˡ
֣
ŵɫҰףһˤڵϡ
ԱߵȴȥĿŴе֡
һ۾ϳˣǼס˺üСףҲסˣΪС׵ϣմʺɫѪ
С׵ѪǵɫģǴ˿ϵѪʺɫģӾѪС
ɵģ֣Ҳԭ֣ǰĳҲ޷Ϊ͡
֣СԶ׼ĸˣȴһ仰ȫɢ
ҵĿðĴǣҡͷͣҡҡ
ĽôĲ԰涼СϵѪ
ˮºۼȴմѪ
ֵ̧˲䣬Ƿ׷׺µĺˣֵĿ
һС׵лį˫֣ʧңҹʱ򣬺Ѿӵ࣬ʣµҾȲˣȥģ̫ˡ
ôСǵһ˵ô໰ȴԵôʧį
һӵϼʯͷֱӹСңţģǸֶֻ֣ƭ˺ͺˡ
һôʣµĴҲ׷׼ʯͷСҡ
ңһŭ֮£Сŭһ͵͵ɽĹŹǸӷŭĽʯͷСҡ
ʯϵĸоʵʹǴáȴҪʱ򣬿ʵС̾ɿ˽յȭͷ
Ǹ˱Сá
վһɴǽʯϣȴ޷
һֱһӵðСױǱȺӣȴڵһʱ䷢˲ԾҲ˴ʯͷֱתźӵ
ӺӵðǸӾͲͣĳ鴤С׵ָźӵƤ˲˳С׵ָڣǸҲƽ
źӵϢڽС׽ԼָƣԼһѪˮһι
ԼѪιһӾͷӦˣھˡ
Сס
ںСӦͷȴվһ˲䣬ǰʱһڣΪЩʧ̫Ѫʹȥ
ʱ򣬻ΪϤСУȴԼǰһ޴棬۵̵۾ǳĲ


109 Ѫ֮ 
һͷԼţ СľҵܵҪֻͨӣ׾ѡ
ǵ俴 棬 ̾ͽĵ׵ǹ궯ѹȥ
һ˵ĸо ֮СײԸκγ嶯ľٶ
ˡˡ
صĴ񿴵С֮ Ͼͳ嵽󺰣 Ƭ̵Ĺ ̾ͷ׷״żһΧ档
׷׻СǰǽͣǶ侲Ǻ˵Ҳˣ ھˡ
ĻֻСģ죬ҹմѪ ϶Сһɱ˵
ʱҲԼҵĺӹҲ˴ǰ
ӻģС׳źЦЦ Ӻɰ
ָСףԼҵĺʣӣ  ǲץɽϵġ
Ӿµĳɫ԰ףò˵
ȴһֱڱʣ ʣ£  ǲְץߵġ
һӾͱŵôֱҡͷǣǺܿµ֣Ҫǵġ
һӿѪȿµĳẦ£ԭͻûлӺµÿ޸ͣ
С׿ż̨Ĵϱ޲䵭˵ûɱˣҷˡ
ǿŹСףǻǰ֣סҪȥɰҸŮˡ
ŴǷʲô֣Ҫ꣬Ѿɺˣھˣǲô
ǴǷǳִӲǽǸĳ㲻ܱƭˣ˵Ǹĵ־һģƫƫЩˣѾȥɽʦˣǲʦ˾֪ˡ
Ӿɽ⣬ҹѾҹȥʦɽʦѾˡ
ʦһɷǣֳһһ䲻ɿĸо
濴ʦһĪĻСײǷˣСʦһûɱˣӱա
ʦûк㲻
漱æʦ棬
ʦȴ˿ûжݣӦţûкˣǲһԱ֪
ʦС׵һ˲䣬֪࣬÷̽ȴʦѡ
ҲһɷǳԵȴ֪ǹ
̽ԲʦһҪСֳȴԲǰԲ
ⲻҲֻһΪԼ֮ϣԶԼ
ʦΪѵ飬ǵǵʵʦôʲô
λʦΪѵü֪̫ǿˣҸͿ
ʦִһС׵ϣʱС׵ƯŨѪŨ÷źʦʱɫѿˡ
˲ɱʳĵˣǴûмմȾôѪ֣ɱ˶飬ϵѪŻŨź
ʦȻҲǿ˰С׵ʥֻּͨӣֻҪ뿪Ӹʦɻߣǲʲôı
ȷС׵û֮ʦŸߵǰϸĹ۲ȫ͸顣
ڿСףСҲһڿĿ峺ȫκζ
ϵѪԴˡ
㾿ʲô
С׵ǺܳʵĻص֪
ʦȻĻܲõ˵˵Ҳûϵ֮㷸ɱ˵˵ʵҲ㡣
ʹѾʦڲ׼С׻ûκηӦûҲûҪֻǺƽڳţûɱˣҾ˺һֻ꣬˺ӵģҰ˺˶ѡ
ʦ󷨳ΣѾ׼ˣ󷨶Сȴһ㷴ӦûУҲûκεķӦ
ûá
СҲڿϷһʦ
С׶ûзӦʱһ
һʦͼҪֱնɱ
һƿʦ̳ʱСǰʦǲػ𣿾㲻ǷˣҲûкˣֻǲǷˣ㲻˺
ͻȻ䱻ϣʦǲãŭ˫մѪƽ࣬ﲻҪԻ󡣡
ʦͨˣ㽫ƿֱСס
ʱСϳּӲƬסʦĳʲôûжʦ޿κΡ
ƬʱС׵Ҳֳһ˿˿īɫɷħϢ
ħʦͷˡ
С׻һƽص֪
ôһûа취ʦҲɱȻˣֻˡ
ȻףС׻ûзӦ
ļʦҲĿɿڴǻûмôѲаؼаȫʲôûȴ޲ߡ
ͥϣʲô֣
ĵӺʣʦҡͷ֪ƬӦˮ塣
ͥҲ֪һô죬ֲѡ
һ£ͥСʣ뿪Ϊʲôߣ
С׿ǵȻûкˣΪʲôҪܣ
˵ú̹ȻҲܸɾѵӣͥôַ޿κΡ
ʱ̨µĹʼ粻ǻˣɱ˳˵֣ǻˡ
ڸ˵ʱС׶ʱĵЦ·һûбһ㿴ûкˡ
ʱͥԼղŻķǲǴģֻһٴС׵̽
ֳĻѪ췺ڵѪһξԴˡ
дɣͥһϣֻϳһϸ˿ߣһֱǣСϡ
ͥʱСףѪʲô
С׵Ǻ̹ȻûʲôҿǵʱȾˣҵѪǵô򵥡
һɺԣͥʱŭСףɷҴδ˵ȾɷѪܾˣԻգɱ
ͥôһ˵̨µĴȷСҪЩӶǱƻЩҲڳġ
ûе̨֣ͥµĴ׷мʯͷңáţɱ˵֡
ʦ֣
ʦ콫ָˣǺ˵֣
ǣƿٴγ嵽̨ϣ廤СףͥţʦҼУһܰẦˡ
ͥ̽һһһ˿ߴǣСϣͥӲĻˣ涼ˣŭʰٸǾͲᱻָԻˡ


110  
ͥѾ϶С׾а ʹ֪СûҪӵ˼ϼһơ
С׻һĵĮͥͺ˵ ʹ˽ƣ ⿪Ҳ׾һ
񿴵ͥջ
滹ǲĵĽţʦ ûɱˣ ھˣ ôຢӶȻġ
ͥ÷ˣ ŭǱԻˣʹû˺ǣմѪôŨѪ ʹҲƽɼʢвпᣡ
ͥδͬķ䣬ôǿСϷڵѪ
ȻһСϲƵĺ ͵ϺɫɷǱײеħ壬Ѿħ壬 ࣿħѪΪδţħƹƣ νľˣ ǹƻǵֶΰˡ
һԵĴҲæȰ棺ʦֶˣڰǳƣ ױƭ ʦˣ ɲٱЩָƭˡ
һ£ǶС׵Ĺȥһ֪Ҳֻ￴׹һֱ֪ǷˣȴҲ֪ʲôҪʲô
ĿСմѪĵĻڵϣҲŨѪ
һ·ļһһʢĵõʦȻѡʦ
ҸŮ˵񽥽òʱƽСԺʧͱݣûУûҪˡΪʲôҡ
ʵһ̱ѹѹƸǣûκҲûκԤףϸͿʼƮ䡣
꣬Ʈᡣ
ΪҳúǲһԾͲɱ˺ܶ𣿡
ʹûС׻ûҪߣŷɺѪ˫֣һҲǵˣáУԼԼǲһħͷ
ͥӣЩݡ
ɷϵѪͥδŨ̶ȡ
ͥиԼһ࣬Ҫ
һᣬĵӵȻûãǲ׾
ڵ֮󣬸Ի׷վڲͬķλγһ󷨡
ԭܲգƮһīڵĺƣǲǳּ۵ĵ⡣

ͥһ£ڵһ׷˳׷£ĵСϡ
ͥǰ϶˵Сףһ£̳˼ɲ˺ۣɫѪڵء
ɫѪѹôѲԭǿᣬѹôѲ
һֻ˵СףȴС׻ûִ̺ͥһ׷׺޼϶Сϡ
ʳѰ˺ü죬ʳǵÿһ䣬ҶBһ飬ǻûҵɣ顣
Ҫ뿪ȥʱĿڴѾ˺ܾûзӦۣʱͻȻһ¶
ɣȥħԨ֮۾ǸʱҲû˶
ҶBҲҪѰɣλãôô߶ۣ۶޷Ӧ
ʱȴһֱָһߡ
飬Ҷ𣿡
ڲϵĲǻĪһɰ˾ҶBףǲ۵˵
ɣ飬ѹΣա
ҶBҲûֱͳͷ΢Ѿҵɣˡ
ׯУͥڵѾ˵Сףȴ޷С̧֮ۿͥûõģɱҡ
һ仰ɰͥˣͥһŭ֮£ڵӵãɱ㣬㻹Ϊû취𣿽գ
ڣ߱󣡡
ͥڵӽˣ̰ڳһ߱
߱ɽĿɽʦҪ֮˵Ϊʵ˵һǧ˰٣֮
˼
ɽĵӣˢˢȰͥ߱Ĵ̫󣬶ҲˣַŪҪŭˣֻ˭ס
߱˿ɽʦҲûùδ֪
ͥѾ¶ģҧڴʱ룬󣡡
һ£ڵֻվһˣʼ
ҶBٶȸȿľԼʦֵǣڲ󷨻ɱ߱
󷨰ΧģѰɣ顣
䵽ׯʲôǵõСףѰҵϺɣ顣
飡
ҶBֱֱأüʯӽؼϵĵӸȥǿд󷨵Ĳ֡
󷨱ϣͥΪͬˣŭ֮ʱģȻԼʦܡ
ʱͥŭˣҶBʲô
ҶBһ˼ͷ˺۵ɣϡ
顭
˵ɣ飬ҶBͱһһܵüҪò׷ȴҲɳƵ
ɣ飬۾ǰˣ˫Ĵβʣ㣬Ҳɱҵ𣿡
һ̣ҶBףϸƮɣѹھ衣
Ϻķŭͱˣߺ
ɣĮİӴʹҶBҡͷ㣿ؼҡ
˵ҶB̧նɣϵ
ûɣվվסҶBϡ
Ժ֮ɣСϵζҺŵ
ҶBͷٿʱѾʧȥ˹ȥԲˣʹȥ
ҶBǵľٶһǺͶԷϵ򵥣ͥһԿһ׽ӣŭŶˣҶBʣҶʦܣҽһ£ʲôϵħΪ飬Ź𣿡
ҶBһͿ˺۵ɣ飬жһŭͥΪǲˣʦ֣ʲôϺ
ͥĻŭɽգѵаϲԼմ˶ɱһаħɷҶʦܣǵǺúŪ𣿡
治ɣɣΨһһɷ
ʦ֣ٸͣҪȴȥˡҶBɣҪ뿪
ͥһŭӵס
һסҶBȥ·ҶBعͷͥͥȴѾ
ҶBɫʦҪ֣
ͥһŭаΪ飬ѾŹ棬뽫аߣҲһɽܷ
ƿ޷ˣҶBҲͥƢȻѾˣҶBҲ˶ֵĴ㡣
Ὣɣŵ£Ȼͷ俴֮ͥͬˣұֻһʱħƽϣҪˣôˣҾҪͬʦúһˡ


111 Ҫ 
㾹ȻҪͬҶ֣ ΪһаͥǾȣһº͵ҶBȻҪ֡
ҶBɽѧķҲһЩ˵ķ ڴ򶷷ķ ҶBûѧ١
ҶB ˫һߣ ȻҲˣʦ֣ Ҫȥ· ֻˡ
ſϣʹѾԣȴȻüͷɣ飬۵ʦ֣ ܵⳡĹŹ֮ѹϺѹʱꡣ
ͥ͸оⳡùŹ֣ ǲԸţΪɣŻ
Ըϴа
ҶB̾Ȼʦִˣְɣ
ͥУ ҶBһֱǸʦܣδ ᱻ Ҫչ˵ʦ֮ڴ򵹡
ֱеʱͥţվǰɽ첡ʦܣ ɽʲôа
ҶBһĶɣϣ ʰ֮ͥ ҶBֻ䵭Ӧһ仰Ͳ壬ʦʵĻȴȥˣʦֽ͡
Сס
ɣ鱧뿪ʱҶBȺСһ⿴ΧһŭĿ⣬ҶBסϺ˭Ҳ衣
ɣ˵أҶBֻСһҿջţϵڡ
ʹۻ壬֮£ɣϻǳɲ˿ڡ
Щ˿ҶB㻨˰յĹŰá
ɣһֱڶյŻ۾ͿڴߵҶB
Ϊ̨ϵ飬ʶҪ㿪һǣϵ˿ڡ
ҶҶBæֹĶ
ֻǶһϾͻۣɣ鵹ҲĲٶˣǿҶBֻİ־;衣
ڼ̨ϵʱɣҲǸʱҶBѾ˲ԾΪûж룬ڡ
飬㡭ôˣҶBҪָӣİУǲȥ㿪
ɣһֱܾãֱȷûΣԺͶ֮ȴֱãȻ̽
顭
ҶBỽһϵɣֽӣβСʣʲôʶң
Ȼ
ҶBȻеãȻ̽Ѿ³˸ţ֪ɣʳʱȻµһѾʲôǵˡ
ƾɣİȻᱻΪͥҲûлὫڼ̨֮ϣ˵
ңǻм䣬ɣҲϲΪҶB˺Լ
Ȼǵ𣿡ҶBЦһ־ãǵõҲʧΪһ¡
Ĺ̫̫࣬ʹ̫ۡ
ˣҲá
ǴһλᣬҶBãʲôǵãǾͱˣڿʼҲҪЩʹĻ䡣
ҶBҪޣҪЦģʵǲ˾ʲô
˭Сһ֮ɣʶҪţһӣ˿ڶۡ
ҶBĶһЦȻǵˣʶңҽҶB
ɣһãȻĿСʣǰʶң
šҶBĶЦţһµɣ飬ǣҪˡ
ǼҶBᣬɣ齥ĿҲûͽ䱸
ҧŴüͷҶBֵ黹ʲô˵ģ˿̫ˣ
ſڣֹʣûɱ𣿡
ԭΪ£ҶB˿ûԥͷţ鲻ķε¡
ɣſڣû˵ҶB֪Ҫ˵ʲô̲סԴ࣬ЦģҲ£Һܺÿ鲻ҪЩ˵ʲôֻǺºǲһˣԻΪǲһģаġ
۾ʱҸŮ˿˿־壬ʹȷ˺֮ǻǻʶ
ǵĵǺ¡
ദյҸŮˣ͸ЩǸǽƾò϶а
νʦ֮󣬼ԼմѪԼΪԼǲľǸʮĴħͷ
ֻǰˣǳ϶ĸҲʲôа
ʧãҶBѾһȲõߣӦÿˣҷȵˮӻܶࡣ
ڴʱϵ˱ضˣǸʱҪҧܾˡ
Ǹʱϸۣ̣ǰȻĴ
ԺιһˮҶBĶᣬȫܿ˿ڣҲûǣ˿ڣɣôһֱ
ɣعʱʶһԼؿڵĶȻʲôû
ͷһ·Ѿˡ
ǲҶBö׹óɣǰ
Ϊɣ˿ڵʱ·￴ġ
׹ֵ̳С׹
׹ʱҶBζӣһ̣˵׹ͱɷĩ˲Ŷԣ׹ȴ
̵ʱɣûԼԼŪ˺ۣȴö׹
иǸӣʲôǵˣö׹ȻʶҪĶ
׹һ˲䣬ɣ̾Ͱ׹СĵĻ±ˡ
ҶBЦһοҲĶ͸ġ
ΪǰĽɣĽ䱸ҲûôǿˣȴǣСĵʣ𣿡
ɽЩ£ҶB֪Ѿ̫ʧԲŻˣɵοŪҲԡֻҪ㻹ңһΣҾԼŪҲٰŪ飬Һ𣿡
ĵһֱһԼҪɣҲʹĵ˵ͷ
ɫ峺¶ҶBҶB޲ھͽ§뻳С
ѾˣɣͲٽԼ뷨أקקҶB䣬С૵ҿɲԸ㣬ҲصȥǶңʯͷңǹӴңֲһ֣˻Ǵ
ӣֿ
ҶBҲûɣصǸطο㲻ȥǾͲȥסˣ˺ˣҴؼңȥʲôطԣòã
ãھߣɣʱקҶB䣬ںµĲĸоΣյϢڿǸµļһˣֻҵġ


112 ɽԨԴ 
ǸϢͥϢ ͥѾѰСˣҴ˸ɽӡ
֪һ֮ҶBʱͷͥĲֻǶһЩӣ һˣ ҶBʦ ɽš
ŶѾˣ ֪ͥصɽ֮ ˵ʲô
ʹڴʱ ɣûҪûҪߣҲֻΪεҸŮҲΪаΪɱЩӣ ھ֮²뷴
ʹ֪ͥɱͥ˺ȴʵʵģڸоͥϢ ͿʼԾķ
뿪òãҲ뿴ϢԽԽģɣҲԽԽ
ҶBɣֱοţ£ ̫أҶ ˣ ЩӦͺˡ
ɣ黹ǾӲţһֱҡͷҪ£ ǲ뿴
ִֵҶBķ֡
ҶBôȥסԼʦŵʱ þͿͷ΢ƿš
΢һֵɣ飬 һʱ䣬ΪԼˡ
ϸһڴߵҶBԣǸһֻţҶBˣɣû
ɾ͹־͹ڣҪɣ飬ô¶ֱ飬ôǷ˾ɵˡ
ȷɣ΢ȷǲĸΪðɣ飬һ£磬˭ң
ҶBЦһˣʲôǵˣԡ
ҶBһ߰ɣ飬һԼصλɽһ֪
ɽʱɫò̫һֱˣһʦɽ
ôˣ΢һɻڵѨɽԲ˽˼ɡ
ҡȣ˵ɽԨԴǳҵɽεʱһʿ̸֮·־ͬϣһɣħҸˣɽɡ
Ǻأ΢ţȻǺ־ͬϵֿѣֻˣ᲻ѹ
ᵽĵ£̾־ͬϲΪˣ֪ǿȸгεʱǱѾѣʲôˣϡǵҷһ죬Ҫɱҡ
ҶBһӾͷӦɫ߱󣡡
һµȻ򣺡ԣ߱ҷʱ߱ӲҴԼҲ󷨷ɡ
΢ǲ⣺ȻϣǺôҩȳΪֳΪأ
ʱƳҶBʱһδɹ߱ȷʵҪҵҲļзĻԵδɢԽҴ磬ʱҩȱһǧ֮󣬳ҩȹҲΪֵ߱һĻԵ
ʱѾȥ꣬µʱԼļ䶼ģ˲٣ҪΪǡɽĵӣԼˣ¡
ŶˣǾԲˡ
͵͵ҶBɣ飬¶ɾ飬ͬǰڻĵʱһ
ƼڿԼɣҶBһ£Ծǣֻ֪һЩ¡
ķ΢ļ򣬵ȥסɽˣǺúЪŰɡ
ͷЦһһˣһǿ֮ĩҲ֪ܰԼڳʲô
΢ƵƵͷô״̬ɣǳĺ档
Զ֮ɣŴҶB¶ԼԴ
ҶBųͷ࣬Ц£Ƕѣ˺ġ
ɣĵĲ΢Ǵɽˡ
ɣĵǣҶBο֪㺦£ģԺû˺ˡ
֮£ɣֲԾȥЩ˿ڵɴ
ҶBһ̾ס֣Ҷᳶ˿ڡ
һҶBһЩɣ̾ͱֵίһҲϲЩ
ɣ˴ҩΪǵüܾԼ˵أʹҲʹɢꡣ
˵۶ԼŵģʲôǵˣǱʶﻹǾˣӦۡ
Խ㣬ҶBԽֵָָۣעɣڣȥܵˣóǿģ˿˵һֱڡ
һʱɣ鱻ˣҲִҪȥЩɴ
Ƿ΢һȥȥգֻз΢һ
ʱɣѾ˯£ҶBŵĹϷţ΢ջСԺȥ̸
ôûкһʦûкǶְɣҶBȽϵĵǺһ䡣
ʦĹִᡣ
΢˫ֵϣСԴǸͷӵĵʿʦ
ҶBԶ׼
˽⵽ҶBĴ֮󣬷΢ʦȻִǽҲˣȥɽ
΢ǲ˵ǰ¶ԣɽ˵ǿɽ֮滹һ˿ţΪ˵ȵһܹȵ𣬶ѾԣɽҲϽԶûйĹɽһУҪ˵ǸʦһֱŲ¹ҲһֱûзֻһִֵԶŲ𣿡
Ϊһֱӻڸĸֳ֮µķ΢ʵǲ֪ΪһִǧطŲ¡
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ҶBݸһЦЩ벻ͨǺ£֤㻹ûŲµ£ǵѨɽˣ峤ֻҪѨɽͷػãڵΡ
Ѩɽһ֮ڷԪˣ˶ڱչأѨɽҲ΢׷ڱչػָ峤ܻȥֻĴߡ
΢ôϤҶB´ôǼļָ˶٣
ҶB;Դۣ̫Ѩشֻ֪ħԨʱ򣬺ܶ߰ĻһԵȫҵòУǰ飬ӦҲ˽˸ţļУҲһЩ
ôصԭ𣿡΢ȽϹϵĻ
ҶBڵֻһ֦Ѿܲ꣬ԼǿΪ
ڵȫǿɣۣĹԪţҲ֪ܳŶãһܲס֮ôҲûɢ䣬һصĿԡ


113  
΢óְȥ˲ٵ伮 ҪҵҶBعԭİ취ֻϧڻûκϢ
෴΢ĵǣҶBԼǲôģҪԼȥˣ ҲҪ ܻһʱһʱ
ۿʱҲˣ ҶBͳȥһЩǹ ɣȻ˵ǲҪ˼ʳ ϲʳ
ҶBصеʱ ɣѾˣһ䣬ɫ˫ԹĿ
һ˫۾ͺҶBһ
ҶBʳϣ߹ȥοҾǳȥԵģ û뽫㶪µ˼
ֻһͣɣͲҶB֣ ҲûзӦ
ôˣҶBĶЦЦҪȥԴȴƫͷ 
ɣҶBһ ˵㿴 ȥ˵Եģǰͺϲʳ˺ܶʳ ϲһ֣
Ĺĵɣ鱻һǸã ǵһжǹ⡣
¶ҶBȥǣ ԼֽŲôӴҶBʳɻ֣Ǹ⣬ǣ𻨸⣬ȫϲʳ
Եʳ֮ģԭ䵭ģرҶBɸ̫ܻ̾˸ı䣬ģҲܺá
ļУɣߵ̨ǰļУ֣ɣ鿴Ŵ龰۶дĽ
ҶBЦҪȥ𣿡
ɣ˵ͷŴʧУ˵ҵģͱ˲һŵˣҲܳţһֱҲ߳ȥ
ʹҵʱɣܰһֱڣҲû˵ҪȥĻʱʱĿգҲôġ
ڸһ̨ļУĽ֣ͬʱҲ˼ԼģĲͬԼģǵǹĴڡ
ҲЩ֡
ҶB֪ɣ룬Ҳ֪ʧź鱾壬ģͷ˲һҲǲ࣬ȻȥҲ˲٣ھͳȥɢɢġ
ҿԳȥ𣿡ɣ黹ǲԼ߳ȥ
ȻԡҶBͷӣһӾĿС
ҶBȻɣ׷Ӿֱӵȥֵֻһ˲ܵһʣ
ɣ鱾ֻʧȥ˼䣬ΪڣҶBһֻһܻγ˺ͨģͺҶBһɽʱģ
ֻһСϵļУǼȤĶȴ٣ɣһжӣҶBϲһԣһ˴һ
˴źڼϣɣĿ̾ͱһҳµ˹ȥ
ɣĿĲǳµĻǳµеˡ
棬һҳµϰ˳
˳Ŀ⿴ȥҶBҲϳɣС׵Ĺ
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Ū˵ĲƥҪһüǮɾˡ
ɣԱòڣҶBʵҪ𣿡
ɣתͷҶB˵ͷÿϼжҴǣҲ֪ԭôѡ
ɣõǻѾȥִߣӦϲ
ҶBǣɣ鵽µ꣬ʱɣ黹̲סͷһŮӡ
ȷʵûнɣϳ
˳µڣϰһŲǲȱǮˣ̾ͺӭȥӵ·˽ܡ
ҶBһЩӣ붼ЩȨǲ˲٣ϰõ𣿡
ܴӵѾϵĸ֮ңϰһʱδӦ
ҶBּҿҪһƥɽɣֻ벻ʦۡ
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һֱΪҳµṩϣ֯Ĳƥǳ붼йõĳôʤڲƥеԡ
ҳµϵȵҲǵĲ£ΪǴУֵĴţԳµϰųûѹļǮ
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ҶBһֳ°ͣʣƳ٣
Ҫټϰһ֪Ǵˣ˷ܵʡ
ҶBһ£ɽ½ǧӣҶBͥˣŶᱻһ٣ÿһʦҲܷһЩ
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µϰû취ٺѹ۸ˡ
ҲòˣҶBûǣɣ߳ȥʵӣϰǲѹżǮˣ㲻ô࣬ȫߵ֪ݸ֪ݸӡ
ɣƵҡͷƾԼıºԽԽãֱ֪ݸ֪ڰǲܵģҸ͹һᣬֻҪƸһֱûõһʼա
ɣ˵Ǹʱ飬ҶBú棬ɣ˵ǸŮ˴ҺܲһֱΪǻҵģڼ̨ϣദôãŵĻһʶˣΪҵģǳòһǶҡ
뵽飬ҶBкֻܲûм飬ˣԺ󲻻㡣
ɣ龾һǣƵûɱˣЩӵǺֵģϵѪʵ˺˺µģǲţǸʦҲ˵ɱܶ飬ԲŻմôѪǲĺܻܻ
ͥ˵Ļɣһֶûǣɣ̧֣Լ˫֣˿˫ְ׾һҳûմϣ죬Ҳǿ÷Ѫ췢ڡ
ҲǸʱʼɣŻĻɣԼǲͥǰ㣬ɱ
ܣҶBǣ֣ϸİο룬ͥʦֲʶ飬Ļôţ飬Ϻǿеа飬һȥһףԺ󣬲ˡ


114 ͻ 
Ĵů¶ȣ ɣеġ
šɣӦһҶBҶBûɱǰ㡣
ҶB뿪ʱƵƵͷ˼Σ ȴʲôҲûп ֻʧ뿪
ڣ ׼Ҫ۷ؿջʱ һæӰ׷ ɣһСף
ôһϤĳƺ ɣһ̾ͣԭء
ɣ黹δͷҶBѾתɫɣ ׷Сף֣ ɣ顣
̾ҶB˵ĻæɣǸԲҡֻôϰˣ һģߣ Ҳϲ Ǹղǵľٶڰң룬ҲֻŰҡ
ԭվһᣬ ڹڣСˣ ׷ֻл Ǹԩ㡣
ĻɣȴӵʧˣʧĻӦǸ֪ʦֻһεˣ˵ĻǶţҺôãΪʲôǲŵֻң
ߣ濴ɣ飬˫ҲߵӰ֮£Ҳ壬ȴ͸о˿̵ʧ
ɣ룬ԼƺҲû彥ƽʱģ죬㻹ܽҴУңӦҪǸж²Ŷԣ֮һģպҪǿѰҡ
漱æ͵ҰԼõģֻǸһĵطʲôûдκ˸׵ľɼҲ˴ĺ֣жŶԣȴ㣬ǶԲ㡣
ɣѾͨˣЩȻʵǰõʱһΪ¹ڻڣǲᶼҪ
ɣ˵ҶB뿪վԭأʶҪʵ벻Լʲôȥ
Ǹ߸ϵ飬ͲУ⣬ֻ磬ȫûнĿܡ
ҶBΪ֮ЩõĻ䣬ɣѹܾá
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·Ǹ֮֮ǰ򵥿ֵ
һ˿ɣϣҶBֽҷһ˫ˮ۾ôҶBһľˡ
ϵĿ·¶һɣӶӲ̧ͷӭҶBĿ⣺ôҡ
֮ҶBøӹˣôãڰһˣҪǲ࿴ĻҺٰŪˡ
ҶBڵӣкγռɣʱɣ鿴ӡ
һҶBһиֳɫɣ鲻סͷһֽϵѾʧˡ
ʲô飬ôġɣš
ҶB̲סԴЦţҿĵĶȻǹ£ȥ˺˵ĺʬ壬õ֤ףڣףɲٲ㡣
ǹԼ飬ɣ黹ȤȱȱںȥˣҲںαȥںһЩԺ󶼲ˣҵĿôֲΪǶ
ɣ鿴ĸ㣬ȥߣҵͨˣȥںһЩҸʶ˿ļҵĸóԣҳԣֵÿһЩ
ɣķ֮ҶBǳοҲõòˣһؼңȥɽˮ
ɣͷʵȥ㶼ȥ𣿡
ҶBǳ϶ĵͷȻȥҶ㡣
ɣ룬ԼȤνɽˮȥҼóԵĸȤ
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¶˵ֱ׵ĻҶBһʱмܲסֱĿвϼӿ졣
¶ֱ׵ҶBþ޷ƽϢֻھ͡
뵽ɣʲô֪ҶB̾ͽԼ뷨סԼĿƲӦãҴ㵽ҵĵط
ôһ˲䣬ɣԸоҶBڶԼ벻Ϊʲô
Ѿһ̻ȥһ磬ɣǱѵġ
ͥϢڿɣ鼸ʶʹоѡ
ҵɣ鿪ʼҶBʹ粽ԣһֱߣҹϢҲڴɣѵʱҶBһʱͷˣеʵǲجˣ
ɣ̾סӣǸˣˡ
ҶBĸ֪ȻûɣôУɻʣ˭
ҶBֶڷɣҧҪɱҵˣҲ롭
ɣʱҶBһ˲͸ое뷨ס죬飬ԣ㣬ԻỤ㣬ֲõ뷨ǧС
ʹʧȥ˹ļ䣬ɣĹѪ֮Ϲڹԣǧʱ䣬ѾǱĬĿɣУʹûм䣬ֱܵķӦɱ
ڴʱɣûзΪĵֻſεʲôӦʱҲΪԼĹȥʮ⣬ûҪͷ
ڣҶBΨһεˣҶBĻ֮ɣ˳ĵ˵ͷѹҪȥ˺ͥķӦ
ʵҶBҲ֪ͥΪΣ΢ѾɽһУ˵ʱͥӦɽţûѰǲŶԡ
˾ȵͥˣһٱޣɽ̷ٱޡ
ҶBһ֮ͥ׼췣ѵôȲֱͥٱ޾ҹ
ûҶBӦͥٱ޾ͳɣķȥ˫ٱɣˡǰԩһˣպĪҪǣɽ
ɣ鿴ͥͻ˵Ҫٱ޴
ҶB󣬾ҶBС˵Ҳ뿴ߺòã
Ҫ˵ڣɣǲͥϾͥҲû취˺Լ
ЩõľǰҲʵ޷ƽ͵ļֻͥҪͥͲڣͻ뵽뾡취ֻŪԼģ
ɣŵģҶBͥʦ֣ҿƺ㣬ѾȥˣҲִ㣬Ҫ㿴ͳƽв


115  
ƽͥ ſϣ˫ֻǰ㲻ǰնϣ Ȼһ٣ ɣȴף гƽ
Ƴͥʦ֣ ҵʦ֣ Һûа֣ ᲻ãҰɣҲס
Ǵʱɣ龾ۣԽԽ ҶBܹоĽţʱڲʦ֣ûڽ𣿡
۾ɣķӦ ·𲢲ʶһ˺ܾãɣĺܲڣ Űͥ˳ȥ
֮ͥɣԷ˺ܶ࣬ 𻺻ߵɣǰ Ĵɣ飺
ɣ˫ۿ𣬻ȥɫ˫ Ȼ󻺻˲ң Ҳ Ҳ뱨뿴
˵ģʱɸһǳǳǣͷϵһ£Ц㻹⸱ģûôᡣ
ɣ鲻Ϊʲô飬˾ҶB䣬ҶB̾˼ٴ˵£𲻻˺㣬ѡ
뵽ɸʱɣ飬óһǣǣ벻ԣ
ߡɣͲҶBӵ򡣡
ǸǰһСûĵġЦһܿʱ黹
ҶBǱһһʵɽ˽ǰԵԷ𣿡
ҡͷ͸ˣȥһɽֻ֪һЩԸȥԵʵ˳㻹֪һЩǧҵ顣
һʲô˵ɣ飬˼Զ
ȻֿһҶBǵǡ
ɣ鲻֪ڴʲôҶB⡣
ֻͥǱȵȥɣȻܹоϢҶBͷȺڣȥͬʦ˵˵
ҶBһߣɣ鿴ŷ΢ҲûǸӵģڴ̨ϿŶˣĮİ
΢Ҫȴ˫Į˫۸סˡ
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ͥһֱվ⣬ѾûһʼҶBʱǰڣҶB̾ʦ֣Ȼ˵ֻҲģûļ䣬ܴʦֻǱΪˡ
ȻͥĲǶҶB֪ǣ壬ʦܣʲôǵãô죿زȥԭͻᡭ
֪ҶBԼЩĵҩ޷֧ȥ̾ʦܴ̼ûָ䣬Ҳǰʦֲ֪Ĺȥ֪ʲô֪Ϊ֪ԼʹһزȥԭҲǰͺܺá
ʦܡֵã֪ҪɢˣɢˡͥģʶʲôҲûҪʲôֻ֪ǰСʶʦܣҪʦؼʧ
ҶBɫֺڣջȻЦһʹҲʲôתֻһͨˣ˻һҪģʱκһȴǰ£Ҳһǵǰܣûʲô˸еģһܿǾͺá
ǰ飬֪ͥҲֻ֪֮꣬̾Ȼľ޷Ȱ㣬ֻһǲϣʧ֮䡣
ʦ֡ҶBһ̧ͥͷһۣ֮ҶBóһ׷ʹᣬҽ鲻ʱ㻹ִҪʦ֣һҪһ׷
һӦ£ֱֱͥϡ
һ̧֮ͥۿҶBЦһл飬֮һҶȻҷ֮һҰòԩ
ͥףڰҶBһҲ͹ȥˣպɣһУ׷ǿɾǨŭɽ
ڷ΢ŶҶСɣĳǱˡ
֮ɣǰһƿ̨ſڴ̨Ͽ棺
ҶBӦ̧ͷһſڴ̨ϵɣЦ⣬ʵ飬ûУôٵ
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鼱֮£ҶBҲɣ鲻ˤˣһȥµɣνסڻУôֱӾˣ
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ȷһ׷ҲûУŷģ·ص֮׷ԼҲˣɽҲġ
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ȻɣѾ˲٣ҶBֱӽ
ҶBȽ˹ѰУطɣ鿴İʵ㳤ĵط𣿡
ҶBЦŵⲻҳĵطĵطӣҪ
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һ˫峺¶۾ҶBзסֵȥȻԣҲҪȴ㵽ĵطҲģҪҪʱԡ
ԴҶB֮һֱڹѰ֮У˺ܾһֱûκϢںԺ˯ʱŵϤϢС̾˾񣬻ûΣƨߵ˳
һ濴ɣ飬һӾȥˣˣڻˣ˵ˣҲŲţôŲ¡
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ҶB۵ɣ飬˴ǰ飬ҵʱҶϵˣЩʱңھͱˣڼİ˶Ầ¡
˵֮䣬ɣ־˾ҶB·ҶBͷ£ˣ㲻ڵʱ䣬һֱ㡣


116  
ˡɣӣ ҪȥͰҶBҲ˺ˡ
ǫһ嶯ˣֽ̾뻳УȰСӿɱ嶯ҪˬB 㿴˻᲻ԭΡ
ҲƼɣҶB ҶB·ӣ Ȼӵ¶ɣİ ȴҲܿ ʹɣҲҶB Ҫ涯ҶBһ£ɣָ䣬ڵɣܰ˺ˡ
룬컹ǲҶ֣ ֻܺ޺޵ĵҶBҸ˼֮꣬һֱûù ռҪһǣʳǽ⵽ɣȻۣ Ѫˣڻˣ Ͳ˺úõ𣿡
ǡҶB޴ӷ סɣ龾·֣ţ֣ Ƿģ  һúôҷģһỤˣֻҪһţͲˡ
ˡ۰Ͱɣ飬Ǵʱɣ鲢ʶ񣬶ҶBܲܲ
áҶBİοţڲҽҸУϤˣס
Ҷصľɣ飬ǿɣ⸱ͬͯһģһ
ҶBһͣʹˣҶһʱҲԽܡ
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ڿջʱҹϢҶBһֱڴߣǵ˺֮󣬸ڵ˸һ䷿ʹɣǳĲϰߡ
˵ķҲ͸һǽɣԼڷзǳڣǶǽһֱãȻһ䷿ҶB
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ҶB㣬ʵǶˣˣ
ɣϲûʱȴҲ㣬һίͰԼڿջ档
ԭһ˯ϰߣҶBϣȻڷڵ㣬ߣҾ㣬Ϣ𣿡
š
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㣬һЩƲס궯ٴαǾ߱壬ӵ뻳УٴΡ
У
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ɣֻܲˣҪǱţ£
ԡҶBľܾҪţɲ֪Լʲô
ŸովܾɣѾһ˫ɫԹ۾ӣһ۾ܵļơ



ɣۣһһµקţһһˮ˫ίĿҶBܵסֻӦ½Ӳɵϡ
һɣֽŲòУϲһĵطţ˵òУůͣϲϲ
ɣ˵Ҳ䣬ҶBҲֻֽڻвҶ̵ɳƣɱҶˣңҾ͡
¶ãȻɣȻ˼ú棬ҶBԽƫҪԴҶBؿڣȫǰֵ͡
ƫҪҶΣ
ɣ𾢣ȫѹҶBϣǹԼһõɫķβɨҶBϣϣӣи˵·Ըо̵壬øӺȤˡ
飡
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ڵһ㶼ûȥɿʱɣкΪŵæɿ͵ǲŵˣҡһ쵰òã
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ٴʧأҶBǹȣ£ҵͱˣ̲סˡ
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Ͳۣ֪ۻῴʲô֮ܿƵĳ
ֱе˲ֵĶٴſϣŵԼϣҶBȻ۾Ӳ
ɣԼǰ޷Ŵ۱׾ѧԼղԼ
һƺˣһһµַſȻҶBҪƿȴֻһ§סɣһֿԴѹϼ/ǡ
е֮ٴ֮ҶBŽ˷ſҲֻ΢΢˷ֺ˵֮仹ϢཻͲſ
飬˺òã
ɣգ۾ɫӺˮͬһˮ۽µѪ۹ˣµӸţҶBھҪ븹С
ѾھѹֿԼȣɣȫ֪˼ñָĦĴ꣬ĵЦţĴҲģůġ


117 Ϻ֮ 
ʱ޿̶ڹң ҶBɣ龱ᡣ
ɣ鳣ȼ㣬ҲմȾζŵ㡣
飬ıˣ һУ ̲סͽˡԽᵽζ ҶB;ȣ Ҳ̵úܡ
ۿɼͷѾð˺Σ ɣҲԼùˣ Ҳûٶˡ
µĺһһģǲˣ
ĶˣԴЦҾԼܲס ǵ
ɣ˫ְ½СҲŪˣҹԹԵġ
֮ ɣ鵱ԹԾҶBУҲҶ
֮ҶBܺú˯£ Ȼ޷˯ȴɣ顣
ܸоҶBһ޷Ƶȴ޷ һֱڱıԵ
ܿ ȴ֪ôȥҲ֪ôȥȶȥֻԼҶBڣ ǿǹ궯ƽϢȥ
ɣһҹ ʲôû ǿҶBտһϣÿһԼĵס
һҹҶBʱɣһ˫ɫϵĶ
ո˯ѵҶBֽɣ§ڻУŸ˯ѵһҹû˯ǲԱߣ˯ˣ
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ҶB֮ɣԼڷڹ۲ŷڵĲãһע
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СѾһӷӦӦС³ȥ˳
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ȻҶBԥĻشЦ֮ҹ񣬵Լҵˣϲ𣿡
šɣ鲻ϵͷĵòС
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硭硭
ͥԺͻȻˣʮģͥкͳְ
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رǴʱɣ龯ĿԵͥУ֮Уֻжͥǽ䱸
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֪ɣ鲻ҶBֵסɣ֣ʾɣҲɣһֱͥУͣǲͥʦ֣ͥУֵ֮䳤еưˡ
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˵˴ʮߵսȭͷҧХʲôһ䣬׷׽ϵңڵʱȫΣڸ粻ˣǱľˣһҰģͼԴѹȣĸ׽飬ƿϺ
ɣ黹ڵʱûħϺΣʹɣ鳣겻ںУҲûкϺҰ
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һ֣˲צģҾɱ
ҶBȥצӣɣ鵣צ˵ϻûԭӣϸҶB
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ڵɣ飬Ͽǹѹ˵ѹȸУоҲֻǡ
ɣڳ
ʮϡǵãǸʱɣսϺʱ򣬸ˮ嶼Ǹʱÿ춼вͬĲɧǣȫɣƾһ֮赲Щɧš
ǸʱҲᱻ۸ɣһδνôȥһδΰѵЩ塣
ڣҲԼֳҲһֱ˾ͺá


118 Ǻ« 
ְ·֮ǰģ ᲻ᱻһ˾ʰһ٣ڿɣǸ޺ɣҲһǿҶBȴ˵ǡ
ְεҶӣ ұ񶼣 Ҳûҵڷɣļأ Ҳûҵ
û˵꣬ ҶBѾ֪˽ ΢΢ЦСˣ ûҵҲûϵ鷳ˣڼҵĻ׽¶ȥ ¾ʹա
¹ԼҶBȴôںԼֿԼ⸱ ǳЦгʣֻҪ޻ڣ ޺ӡ
ҶBͷʮģ ʣ㻹ܳ뿪Ϻ ϺǱҲ޴£Ҫһͬ𣿡
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ҶBǣɣʱ ע⵽ ͥҲǳȻסʮĵ֡
ʱʮĻصϺʱ ͥҲһͬϺҲ֪ϺʲôҪˣڷչôܵĹϵ
ͻȻס֣ʮһ㶻ͷһͥУȴҲûнָء
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ʮƢ𱬣ܹ־ö죬Ҫܴὲ
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˻ɣѾ·һǺ«Ŀ˺ð죬קקҶB䣬ָǺ«˼Զ
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磬ø硣ɣͺȫûκҺһһֱͣĽС
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ְЦñȿ޻ѿҪ˵ͥлãĸ˵ʮģܲʮϼ켸ҹ˵ˡ
ʮĵĿƲʱ򣬳ְϻһǺ«ʱϵǺ«̿һ֡
룬Ǿ˺ãʮǲ𣬾ʧ˵Ҳǲ𣬻СҪ
ʮķߺ޵Ŀ⻹ڵųְְʶȤĶ㵽һߣصоȫһЩ
ʱʮֱקͥеһƫƧСУ֧һ磬ˣ㲻ɷ˵ͥǽ
ʮĵĶһҲֻһʮĵأȡͥеϢ
³ĶŪʹͥУͥһѽʮĸƿԼŪú׵Ĵ꣬ˮ۾ʮģҲûаɱö˶˵㷢ʲô裿
ƿʮĻһץסͥеɽѹǽϣҧͥеĶ䣬ŵСүʲôᣬ˶СүģСүôô
ƢֹŹ֣ͥбŪûҲһǵʮҲκɱ֪㣬ʲôҪȥٷ裬һЩ
СȻƫƧǲ֮أż˾ͥѾŵʪҪȴʮȵĿ֮ºܿͷ뷨ʮֻץ
ʮȴ͵ЦСүĽڣʲôҲû˿õοСүʲô
ʱͥвŷʮûнָɿһ󣬵Ǹ
ʮƲƲ죬ȻߣҸڿͲģСүͲˣСүȻˣԣСүϺߴСүɽֳСүһ١


119  
С̫ƢѺ壬 ͥҲûҪ񣬺ˬֱЭˣҸϺɽ鷳
ϰͥдԣô׾ӦԼ ʮĻЩϰߣ Ҫһ ʮָͥе򦣬 ٬˵һϺ ǵСүֳһ٣ ǾøСүʦţ
СүҪȥɽʮĿɲںͥ
Ҳ֪С̫ʲôͷͥпʼʮģʲô˼
ʮĲмһ ͥе°ͣСӣСүô
ʮģͥеŵС̫ӣϵԽԽң Ҳ𽥱䣬㻹ǵǲǣٶһȥ˿Ҫҵĸ𣿡
ʮֻƬ̣ ЩͥиѣӦ֮ һֻֽק һֻֻ˵ƣǿӲʹе˿ڽϡ
ܹͥĸоʮĵѪںԼѪҺʮĵϢӿԼڡ
㣬 
ֵĸо ֻ뵽
һʮһθ˫ һβǰԵȡһĸоԼڡ
Ϊһ˫ͬ
ʹֿͥлĸ֪ʮĵǿԼı仯
ֻôһСĹоԼǿ˲ֹǰٱ
ʮĶͷҵģҲֻҵģΪ۰˸㣬ҿ԰񼮻ָ㣬ҲͨһֻӴˣͲ
̧֣ͥĿԼֵϳһԼϣʮ**ģԼ
ͥȫû뵽ʮĻôͥԼĿڴԷǳĸ֪ʮĴڣûô죿
Ȼǿ󣬵ͲסʮıΪߣ˼ǧ꣬Ǽǧûûͥл治֪ʮĸô
ʮͥо䣬Ϣ㲻飬йԼϣֻҪ㲻̫ԶҾûκӰ죬Ұˣ㲻ҵ𣿡
ȥɽҪĿŵʦţҪߣ˼̫࣬˼ĹذϺ𣿡
ԭһŹŹֹǴ⣬ͥеܿҲˣʮĵļЦˣ֪ģܴ𣿡
ҪʮĻֱˣСүɽʦֳƫҪңСүˡ
з߷ߣʮһҧͥеĶ䣬ҶһҲᣬͥгʹҲİԴȥˣҪһʦţôھߡ
ö˶˵ģƮϸꡣˮϣȻ޷ʮĸʪʮȴֽӹһϸ꣬εҸֲˡ
ܿξϻˮʮקͥн⿪ֱˣҪ˵ҶӣСүɺ岻ˣ㵽ʦŸҪ
ɣͻȻڽֵϲˣҶBͲµԼ˺
ͻ꣬Ҳ֪ɣŪģҶBϽظôǵСڡ
ոջصУԼͿԼֳһͷ۵ԺҶBָԺڵBȰϽɣŪȸ׻ٲҪʰһ١
Ҳ֪ɣǸʲôҶBϽܵԺȥ
ֻԭɺԵأˮԵ֦Ѿ賤һֱӵصϿգɣϸ֦Ѿϡ
Ժڵ̴ӶֻԶԶĿţɣôϸ۵֦Ѿϣ֦Ѿ᲻ܲסϵȻˤڡ
رڿ֮£紵ܿҡμ£ʵԲġ
ҪǣҪλĵȥЩźٲҪҶҶBݺݷһ١
ܵǣһֱӽŪˮۿ֦Ѿ賤ڻֱ֮ϸ֦Ѿɡ
ͻϮڵ϶Ļ᲻ᱻߣƫƫȫûжһ£ǻûа취ϸҶȥ룬ҲҪ˼ɰԺһ̴Ӹˡ
̴ԼҶB̲ס͵͵Ц
ǵʱɣҲӪڵϣȻǵһʹӺѾ߸ˡ
ɣȴóеһһ֮ϣôһ֮̽˸


120 ִ 
ҶBǲԺһѾߺ̴ӣ ߵʱһ£仨ƮƬе棬 Ȼɣ֪ˣ Ǿǲһ¡
ڶ
ҶBż㣬 ӯԾɣһ֦Ѿϣ ԼƬҶΪ֧ţ ȵվ
һ һƬҶӶûлζһ¡
飿ҶBỽһȥǣסɣ鴹ڰе֣֦Ѿϵɣ飬ƤӶû ƾֱ˸ҶBҲҶBĶ˸ա
ŵģ ǲˡ
飿ҶBֽһ
ɣ鲻ͷİ֣ңأͷ㣡
ѾɣĹĵ ҶBƫִֵǣס֣ ڴǹÿһָ⡣
鲻˵ ô֪ôأ
ߣɣĺߺߣԼֳ˻Ҵ磬 У Щ˺ܳ һֱȥҲһߡ
԰еҶBȥˣҲñ˿ڻ
ĹĵɣǺжһȤ
ҶBָɣװƲֵӶĲңҲûȤˣˡ
ʱɣļһ£Ȼû˷Ӧ
ҶB̾һֱӾ֦£ζȻ̧ͷɣ飬ҿˣ
֮˵ĲӯŲǴʱҶBƫҪÿһ£㲻ÿȥ֪
˼һζһֱε÷׷Ʈ䣬֦ϵɣһֱֱȥ
ҪֱԵˮʱͱҶBȽӵУ̾ҶB͵͵Цֱˤ׼ҲԶ
ߺߡɣ˳ҶBᱧԼƣֱ־סҶB½ͷȻֱҧĴҧòȴоʹ㻹֪ˤ
Ѿӹˮ棬ҶBҲûнɣŵڵĴ̨ϣڴ̨ϣҲһ꾰
ɣĹĵĵҶBӣҶBúǺ棬ĹĵӣЦʣö˶˵ôˣǣҪô
ߣɣֺһסҶB½ԼǰҪһѵˮһֵҶBϣɣƵʣǺ«ңָˣҲԱ𣿡
ԭΪ£ѹðǺ«ȻһԾˡ
׾ͦ󣬲ܿԴףҶBлϲòС
ҶB۽ǣţֻ鲻ϲҸԵģԺֻ顣
š֮ɣֱù˳úܣ˫ֻҶBԹԵڻС

һͺҶB̧ͷһҶվ⣬õĵ
˵ɣ˫֣ҶBһʱ֪˫ָôš
ʹɣҲνҪžǲֱ֣оҶBӽӲŻͷɻĿҶ
ڼѰһ£ֶҶӡ󲢲ֻ࣬ǵҶBĸףɣûдŵĿ
Ҷɣ飬һʱ仹δϰڵģɿ˼Ȼ̫ӵ㣬ԼעС
ҶBȻ֪ҶָʲôҲҷֻ˼һû§ôˡ
ܿóɣҶBʱҶBѾҶݺѵһ١
Ҷ뿪ɣͰۣǲõİˣ
ܿɣĺܲϲİˡ
룬ʧȥ䣬ʼˣϵȥԴǲΣжĴȣҲѹԸȥκһˡ
ҶBĵĸοŲɣ飬ýţҲ£أܶ㡣
ϢѾǳҶBϴ̫ӵŲߣҪϾӣʧ𣿡
һԾ£ûκһʹӣ֮󲻽ؽţҪһ硣
ҶBɻĿΧɣ黤ʲô
ѾɣĲڣƵ̨Զһ࣬룬ųôŸʲô֪ģǲ˺ġ
Ŀʲô֧磬Ļߵô򵥡
ħԨĻУϺ£ҶBòɣѹǧ꣬⻳ģŻ
ִŵĿ⣬зֱ꣬ӭҶBŵĿ⣬ȻڳסոսСһҪһЩҪץȥ棬һҪɢǣһҪ޳ɹǣڱҪߣϢţǲô챻֣Ҳֻʱ
õҶBҲ뵽ʮĺͥУ֮£ɷΥضҪܵ췣
ʮѪ֮кۼ벻ѡ
ҶBȻҲ˼ʵ㶼˵ʱģȻңҲֻߡ
ûĿֱӾתҶBɣ飬ĿķǳԣɣϺ֮Ϻ£ʮҲųģϺȻҪ棬ȫʧͬӣǷδʧֻҪָ䣬Ȼһжӭж⡣
Ҫɣʧ飬ʮĵĴ磬ʮģʮĿе֪ɣʧ䣬Ϊ棬ҶBʵڲ˻ɻ֪¡
ɣ黤󣬶ǿ᲻٣ǿĴҵľػϺϺʲô޾ԨǳǣҲϺǧ꣬㹻ˣѾʲôˣͺܺãҪٻЩʹĻ䡣
ΪԾͿһֱ𣿡º͵һҲ޷侲ɵ˼֡
ԣҶB󣬽һãȻɣ飬ᶨҪȥƽϢϺڵҿȥҪʮĵ췣Ҳԣǣ޷߳ħҲʲô֪Ͳᱻħħ޷߳ȥûм֮Ҳ֪ؼεǧ֧ţΪûֻǿܵеһ棬ȴ֪ħļ䡣
սģɣܸܵҶBʱܲõĵڸҶBŵʱ¶׺ݵĿ⣺㲻ˣȥ˺
飡ҶBæסɣ飬ԴŻţûвˣҲûղһʱ˺ܶóԵģǰȥúòã
ҶBҲ֪ڵɣ٣ǻǲȽϺá


121 ֮ 
ʮģ ͥ͵Ƿ䱻֧ϣʲô
ʮŷ촦èצһ ԥҪҪ͵͵˺һ϶͵һѡ
ͥеǿʮĵ뷨 ѵȰ嶯  ʦ֣ ûһġ
צӰſ˼£ ʮĻǲڽ˺϶͵
ű򿪣ʮĸȥҶBɣƵߣ˵һ䣺顣
 һαϡ
ջعͷʮľͿɣɷͥУʮĸϽм䣬 ɣ磬侲侲 ǲҳԵȥ
ͥиϣ ͱʮĸ˻ȥһߴȥ
ҪǸȥ ɣܲİ˺ˣǰǾͲһˡ
ڵҲǽţߵǰ ҶBֻҪȥ һа취ָ䡣
ҶBȴҡͷ ǲȥϣһֱˣһʶ磬һζ
㻹жʱ䣿ʣûԭĻҲʧϣܱӻһʱʧ֮أ㻹ʱ򣬶޷Ϊȫ̺ú·οڵ㣬ڵӣЩУ
ֱƹӣסҶB½ŭǶҸúɣʲô뺦ǶˣҲֹޣ뻤Ĳκһ١
Ϊǰҷ֪Ǹ˺֮أʱΪݣΪϺ̫ӣǸߵӣûܼᶨסҲ֪ǰĻӶͼı죬ûطգϺƷҲ֮УҪԨҲԼȥģһҲޡ
ҾǼϺݣŹ˼꣬ͷʲôûץסϺֵܲ٣֪ˣûʲôܹȫġֻɣʮֵܣ˵ΪʲôһֱסɣҲЩ𣿡
ĻУһ˼̫ӣҶBûмôʧ̬һ档
ҶB󣬺ݺᶨ֪ҳŲ˶ãҲ֪һʣ¶٣ΪڣֻǶ粻̫Ϥһҽʣʱڣ̻ΪʹûЩ䣬ҲҲǰ
ˣǲģҲߣҪǵһ÷΢ߣ
ҶBȥĸ˭ܾġ
ڷ֮һһ÷ҧɣڶô㿴ڶȵʧ죬һγǧǰĴ̼ܺã
ҶBƽڼ䣬а취ļУֻĨȥֻҪǵãͲѹֻǲǵңûһƬ飬Ҳĸӵңڡ
˾ͺã˾ͺáԭѾ˰ţ̱ϣֹסĲԲҲʧɣѪֻѡ
֪ҶBļ򣬷ŻǧǰǼϳе̫࣬ѾжЩӣӣѾжЩݺΣðԼƵô
ʹڼļҶBûȫָҲ˲٣ܼǵԼʱӣǵʱİǫͣĻƫִȫˡ
ҶB̾ϢⲢܣȻģΪʲôֱ˵úýһףҲĺ㣬׵뻤ǧǰֱӳǣҲлӷӡг
ҡͷ ҸܵģǰȻͲȥɣԥͲᱻ֮ȥЩӦá
ҡ
ȻҶBҲٶʣԱվţƽ
ҶBڰ죬ɣ͵ܹһۿ᷿ԺУбһһ߽һʱʱͥһۡ
ʮһԺ˵˵ûа취ɣͣͥвͥ
ɣǲֻҪͥиҿͻջɣһ絶һ
Ŵ򿪣ҶB߳ʱɣ̾ܵҶBߣеʣûΪ㣿۸Ҿ˺
˻ݺݵĵ
ԭɣצӸЦˡ
Ҫʧ֮ǰɣ˵Ҫ˺ˣǿɾĶˣ˵ЩݺݵĻֹ˼ҶBӣвûУߵСӵģ
ȻǸ˵ӳ󣬴ǰӺԸʮǧһʲôӾʲô
ҶBĽ⣬ʱý˵ڵ˼̫ӣֻҪýµƪأϺʮҲ飬ʮĻ᳤ġ
šƵӦһȻ֣ſڵĹ˽·ĸ͸ɣ飬ЦǰϲЩʳ·Ƽ˳һˣ
ֺһֽɣ飬СǳòУݺݵҪģ򡣡
áӦţְѸҶB
ҶBܿҪ׽ɣһЩκɣͲ顣
ӽݿʼɫһֱòУʮһӺľˣյҶBǰȥʣҴʲôǲ뵽øָķ
ҶB̧ۿһʮģͥ¶۵ƣͥб飬Ľȥס
ǳСģǻǱʮĸˣȻԵקסͥе֣¶
ҶBǣɣ֣ԺȥһĵʣϺ˲£ʲôʱʼģ
ĺ졣ʮƲӦ
ҶBһվȣεĻͷʱǾͣ
šͥӦˣȻԼЩԹĿʮģ쵰޳ܻ
ţ˵úеʮŵûֱӷһֻѾǣסͥУʲô
ͥﻹ˵ֱ㬱졣
ҶBԺл֮ദʱһЩߡ
ƺ֮ͥоͺʮĴһܣֵɣķֱ뽫˸ȥ
ʱɣԭɣͥƺݣҰʮĸݺһ٣ȻȻûзҲû߳ŭƽྶͥ
ԭǸʱͿʼˡ
ҶBͥϵƿ˰죬ͥ鲻ѣʦ֣ɣҡ
ΪҪҶBһЦ֮Ǽܿƣٵˣͬ۹ʦָ˻


122  
ͥвŸոշһЩ ҶBĿ̾תʮģʮĻҪ˵˵
ŶʮνӦţֻҪɣ˭Ҳ¡
ʮνӣ ҶB̾Ϣ㻹Ǹһӣ ŵòУ ͥһ飬 𻯷 ɼǿһ ǸʱҪҲܲ㣬αؼһʱҪʱ򣿡
ʮ˰ ȴûзֻӦţұţǰף Ҫұ·Ҳϡ
룬ҶBֲ˵ˣϾɣڣ ˵ʮĺͷһ𣬾ʮֳٴĻ£ ɣҲ˵һ䣬 ֻźŸɡ
ҲѹֻŲ֪ʮġ
뵽ϺΪ ҶBҲֻǿЦһ ڵ Ҳֱӷ񶼡
ǸܵҶBˣɣͷ¶ʵҪ𣿡
һᵽҪ֣ɣŹâڴòС
ҶBεܡ
ŶһܣɣʱȤȱȱԴ
ʱͥд˴ʮģȻҶB磬ʮķң޷
ҶBһ;òԾʵô£츳ͣͥʦֻ֣СǱУԵֻʱ⡣
ΪͥкǲԸ𣬵ǻǵԭɸҶBΪҵڵˡ
ͥеͷ˵ϺʱҵڵˣԷ޿ܣΪҲɢ߰˰ˣʦˣѧղԲš
һʿڵ飬Ϊɢһͨ˶ϵ֫ûʲô
ϺȺңǱض˺ܶ࣬ҶBҲʣǻǸʱ
ǰɣ鲻֪ʲô˷ܻͷҶBʣǲˣȥ
ҶBһѽסȰûмҪôֻŴܣ
ɣͷƵɱˣ˺ɡ
ΪԾúܼ򵥣ΪܼΪе鶼ֽͨ
ҶBһͷۣɣᱧڣϷŷŵ̨ţǳĶɣ飬е鶼ö֣ɱ
ɣĹô죿Ǹܺú˵ҲˣҺú˵ʱǸͲҲңܰȫһ٣ǾͲԩҡ
ԭԭΪ鹢ڻҶBǣ֣ĵ飬еĶǶģΪǺ֮ԩ㣬Ҫ˺ǣǾӦǵĻǿе
ɣ鲻Ʋ죬ǵʲôνѵҲһ𣿡
ȻᣬԶЩħҶBǣ֣þڴһ䱦һҪ֪Ҫ۸㣬ԺݺݵĴȥܱ۸Էֻ޹ߣЩޱ֪Ϊģ°ˣͲˣ뿪֤㲢Ƕˣǲȥ˺ǡ
Զ߿ɱ޿ɺǣߣߣߣҪѧȥǡҶBֳͷЦڻ㻹һ㡣
ҶBվϸ֮£ɣǰ˿ڵ֮£һƬԣ˺ۡ
ɣ壬ǳǿ󣬾ˣ˺ܿͻϣκ˺ۡ
ɣǰǵ˺ֱۣڻڣҿǲٵƫƫǸλá
ǡ
һ˲ҶB뵽ˣħԨʱ
ħԨɢģħԨһѺǿżĻ֧ţҪóĲл꣬һĽƱػܹ֧Žȥ
ҲѾɢ꣬ھһÿû
ɣϹĹѪ죬ֻ
ףԭ֧ŽģɣԼǣΪ֧š
ɵӣСɵӣ˵ʲôãҶBɣ۽ǴǣСĵþ񲻸Ҵһһ
ҶBһֲۣȥɣ鿴еİˣ԰οʱͷϾѪŪģ϶ĸһܣȻŪģڶǵˣҲˣˣܡ
ҶBţɣ黹Լڶͷһ֤࣬һ¡
ҶBæץסɣ֣ԼĿϣһ˭
⻰ɣã˳־͹ҶBϣĵȥ
ϲ֮׽ܣֻһˡ
ҶB̵֮ɣ鵹ûٶͥôǿĵ⣬ҲûиͥʲôɫһԺеĺˮͥнһ
ֻϲзˮĵطرǷʱŪһڴ̨ϣһԺ˯ȥ
֮£ֶԷеİͼ£Ѱͼǽȡǫ̃һһϸϸ
ȥӪмҶʱͻȻ˴꣬ҶBΪ˭ǵɣ飬æϻ
һֻɣŰͼڴ̨Ͽҿ
ҶBջصϣɣѾ֪ϢԵҶBϢʱɣװ֪ʱֱӾ˵С
ҶBЦСԴڻǸСèôôճˣ
˵ָŴ꣬ʵö˶˵ôֽꣿ˭飿
ɣƲиС٣ҲǺ«Ұˣϣꡣ
˵ŻһɽĸоҶBѾְܹĳˡ
ʱʳǵʱ򣬳ְҲǱô¡
εΪԼҶBңҲ˺һ˺òã
ãҶBѾˣɣҲˬֱӴӦһ˿ɫĹâĴ̾ͣЪ
ܿ죬Ժʹ˳ְĲҽд
ȻܿҲû죬سְСҲʮڡ
ɣ齫ͼ̯ҶBǰİȻֽԼĹ׹ȡ£Ҳ˳һϣĶ˵㿴ͼϵİ̸ҵ׹һʷ棬Բ㻭ģְڷУ˭ģ㣬˭ܻҵôã
ּǻаıʷ棬ԶҶBֱʣɣʶʵ٣벻ֱҶB
ҶBùͼһ߽ͼһ˵ܾúܾǰһ硣
ҶBĶϵĻһɫ⡣


123 Ҷ 
ʲôѣ ɣһӡҲûУȻҲһȤûС
ҶBҲͼȥˣ ܵԺеĳУ ڳŻǵˮ档
ǵˮ̾ͱ峺ף бڵһϢϺҲʼ»Ծ
ɣ鿴˷ܣ пʼЩϺ 壬 ϺηǳӾôСֻתתͷת
ʱ ϢĳһõӰûʵ壬ֻһõӰӡ
Ǹ˺ᣬ ΢Ϣüۣɣ鶼رᣬ һˮʢһҪᡣ
úܣ ֺϤӣ ֵĸо
˭ɣãȻǵõӰ
ӰӶЦº紺磬ָһصҶӣӦҶ ŷߡ
ɣ˵ʲô ֻǶЦЦ ҿ߿ĵģȵȣЩϺȤˣץ档
СӾôЩϺɣŪһ޴ˮ򣬽Ϻȫˮڣϲƣȫ㣡
ǵͷһʱǸõӰѾˣϢû¡
ֵʱûаϢ뿪ʱҲûа㶯ɣͷûôֵ顣
˿ϿݻƵҶǸӰ˵ҶҶ
ͷʱҶBվڴ̨ǺЦĿ˲䣬ȻǸӰӺҶBô
ҶBŻľᣬһ˿棬вϢ
ϸ΢Ļζһ£ȻһҶBʶ𣺡ûõģֻһĨûκηܹǿ¡
ҶBŻӦһĨʶΪʲôһЩ֣һЩǸʱǵ㡣
Ĩʶǰͼ˪t翵Ӱٴγ֣һθãһܹ״ɢһ
˪tĿֻͣһת̨֮⣬ڳرϷɣ飬üĿ֮ͲѣҲ֪˶ãֻŵȵֻܹԼһ죬ʹټǵңܹӡ
㽫ԼһĨʶھϣֻΪ˿һǵһ𣿡
ǡ˪tЦӦţʶʱ򣬵һ۾Ϳв̫ı࣬Ų¹ûһ̷ŹԼִŵҪص޷ı䣬ֻһܷŹԼʹʶˣٿ㹻ˡ
ǼҵңҲһ飬ԣʧҲʧԲԣ
˪tõкǹ⣬еĹâɣӰ֮ϣҶBӦţһһ죬Ͳ뿪ߡ
һĨʶ֧Ų˶ãһ֮£õӰһɢǹ⣬ȫҶBڡ
˪t˵ûǼ񣬻ҶBԼǶͬһ꣬ͬһˡ
˭ڣһ
˪tʶɢȥͼԭдһ˿˿ϢҲʧͼҲһͼ
ɣˮشȻ֪һ˿Ϣ̾ͽŪˮŸȥ
˷Ӧܿ죬ˮŸˮУȻɣ̧۵ʱ򣬾Ϳͷ΢Լǰ
̧ɣһ£ЩЦôôƤ
ʱɣԲ⣬ҲûоֻܾдŲĿ
ֿʱɣŵϵζ̾ʹȥϸţȻ̧ͷ𣺡Ѫζȥˣ˲ҡ
黹ֵ˼̲סͷôŴܣѾʧ˻ֻŶ֣Ǳơ
Ȼɣȴģ˷ܵţܰȥȥ
ʱ΢ɣɣ󾱵·һߣһ˵ǲܣֻˣǱ˵Ѫζ
Ŷһûмܴɣ̾Ȥȱȱ΢Ҳʱ΢ֵܵĻܿмܴˣǾȥܵġ
΢һ·ɣҶBǰҶBǰɣ黹ǱȽϹԵģǸղѾҪȥܣһֱ˷ܵĹâ
ҶB֮󣬾ĵľסҶB·һǣС˵кģкġ
ҶBãǣ֣һЩ
ͷ΢жЩƣҲܲµһЩʵǲϺǱѹסˣ
˵ͷСɣĺ⣬ǳŻҪңϺһңʩѹ
ΪңаźϺˮ廹ķˣʮĿǰ޷Ӧ޷ƹϺҪƫ̻ϺҲѾ
֮Ѿܼ򵥣Ϻ֮£һҪиƿϺֻܱƿء
Ŀ⽥תɣ飺һУϺ֮һֱ𣿡
ҶBȷʵɣȥһ֮ҲˣҪͻȥԼڵʱƽеϰպУԿݡ
ʵҶBд㣬ֻ˽ģҪɣһʱ䣬ĿǰȻǲȥˡ
ҶBһսɣ֣飬ϺȥϺòã
ɣܹоҶBеĽţȴǳ˷ܣǲǿԴˡ
ɣӶǴܣҶBͬʱȥһ񣬶ʱɣ黹һ𣬵ǿһҶB֮ɣʱԴһµı顣
һ˲ʱҶBûƢŻȥ֣ܴ֣ǲ޹㲻ܶ֡
ôһɣɸ˷ˣֻſ㵽Ϻȥ
ҶBҪȥҶУ⿴Ҷϡ
ֻҶϾͲµ˸ţҪǰϺ𣿡
ҶBδӦҶϾ˵ϺʳǰʧձҴǰʳǣȼʳǰգ˼ȥһ·ֻ֮ܿһǧȻҪʿּǰ޷ǾҪң
ҶϵøȻ֪Щʲôϵȴ֪ʼֵܣϺĺԽ˽ĿҲϣգһ̫أв飬Ҳֻ˼ңһ˳֡
ڿͷ΢ֵʱҶϾʹŲµ⣬طֻ뽫ҶB
ҶBΪжǻҶϵֳ֪㵣ңҽħ֮£Ҳ˵ҵʦɽ֮˽ħǱ֣ϺҾͷȥɡ


124 ٻʳ 
ҶB̬ȼ ҶϲٶȰֻ˵ʳҲҪȥ֪ǵٶȱҿ죬Bס۷ʲô һҪԼվ
ҶBƽӦţֳף ϺǱѾ˽ˣ ǺҰˣ Ϻߣ ʲôΣյġ
ʹҶBεı֤ Щرɣ֮ҶϾһֱǹֵֹġ
֪ղ֪Ϻ֮ѣɹҶBΪϺ֮ģ ǽ̽һܾɲ̫򵥡
ֻһǧҶBȫֱӴʳǣ ҶBô
ƾһ֮޷Щ׺ݵħ񶼵ЩɶԿҶBҶϽС
оٶȣ Ҷϴʳǵʱ򣬴ѾϺĺòˡ
ѾϺһʱ䣬 ɣǰϺ ҪҲʩѹȶϺˮġ
ǶɣļɵֻҪ֪ɣлţ Ͳ̫
ʹɣȫǵôǰ飬 ţ һǿ
ݱ׵ʱ򣬾ҶҲҶBôһ˿˿ĲԾҶB˵˺ܶҶо飬ĵҩҶҶоھ
ʵҶBҲ֪ȥܻܲѾԸоԼ弴ʹĹԪЧҲѾ΢΢
ҶBҪɣصϺʱʵʮǲģһ˵ҲʲôöҸڵԣôʹлһء
ҶBǣɣ֣ʲôǻһ𣿡
ǺǡʮĸɸɵЦȻҶBҶСӣˣҲǱƵһתй¶ȥǱȸ绹Ҫ鷳
ʮֱӷһ۸ǲżɵ磬һʱļʢⲻ٣ʧ꣬һʧʹˣҲϣΪĹܻᶯҡڵĵλ
ʮĴԲ٣Ϊǧ꣬һֻҪģҲֻɣһͷ΢ֿѣҲҪأ
һʹЩ˵ĵλҲᶯҡҪǣȻǲ⡣
ҶBֻǳǳһЦô򵥾ҪóѣҪصϺڰЩ鷳պܹһЩ
ãʮĺݺһĴȣȻ͸綼ȥϺҲҪǸǸ쵰𣡡
ŶҶBĿһǸͥڵĺ
ǣʮҧгݵǺǱ
ֻҪ뵽Ǹʱ飬ʮľͷҪˣץͥвСү飬ֲСүܿƵģСү鶼ٲʱͥԱڵͷӣͣһ㡣
סͥе޷ڵ޸Ѿһˣ޷Լзֿ֮͸֮ҲҲһһʣµʱ䣬Ծ֪棬СүҲҪô
ҶBЦһҲûҪ㣬ʲôһƴһƴʲôˣҲҰ㵲š
ϺʱʮľһֱҶBʹǰкܴĲͬ˵ʲôطһһϺһǼ
δϺڣܸоǲûп֣ȫϺʩѹƱһҪõϺƿȨ
ѾأʹİûȫѣкܶİΪѡ
ҶBɣʳǣһʳǵʱʳΪ󺵶أһοǱȴΪ֡
ɴܣ˵ıˡ
֮ҿɱȺֺ£ʳǴʷѾ˽ȼ񣬵ٲĻ˻ԽԽࡣ
˲֪ΣֻΪչӣ׷׿ʼһ񣬵ľʧ֮ʱҲԶԼѰһܹϺ֮ˡ
ҶBȽɣʷǳĶ飬ϺкܶҵĺҪȫɱ̫˷ʱˣҪҵĻʹ㶯ֶʱ֣ܶ𣿡
áɣǳĵ˵ͷϺŨǳ˷ܡ
ʮķǳɻʣǰҪ֪绹ţһҷ
˵ʮеҶBͬӦţ˵ҪǲһѵʼĲȻϺңҪǸֻۣ֪ڱ󵷹û֤֤Ǿ㶯ҲԲ˳ΪѾڣѵӽǷ¶֮ʰǺúóѵ𣿡
ôһ˵ʮ̾˷ҶBڶ԰Ϻ壬ɺȥҲãķ
֮ҶBͻȻȻڣǿĺ֮ǵȻҪȥʶʶֻȥʳǡ
һҪԼ£ɣ⣬Ͼ;ҶB·£Լ𣿡
šһŵСҶBЦã˵ǣûܣֻҪȥһ飬㲻棬һҪҪ飬ڻܸһȥ
ŶӦˣɣҲһƲ֣ҶBţû취ҶBֻóְɣһʳǣְֱӲͷƤӦ
ҶBɣʳǵĴʷʷæһţҶBֵʱҶɺȫûв
ֱҶBҶɺ㡣
Ҷɺͷһмҩ˲ڵϣͷһҶBվԺ
ҶɺòУȻ̾ͷӦˣߵһƳˣҶɺӵˣʱʳǲ̫ƽ˿ˣѲɾΪϺĺ
ҶB˵ͷµûҾΪƽϺ֮Ҷģܿʳǵѹؾͻɹȥ
ʲôҶɺ̧־ҶBͷһǣֳ˵վ͵ʳȻģҲϹʲôʲô֮ħƽһ췲˸ϹʲôҪǳ£ʲô׽
˵ĵҶBǳ⣬͵ͥѾϺҪȻϺȷʵ˵飬ڸһЩʱգֻ뿪յʱ䣬ͻ
ҶɺɲҶôȰ˵ҶBǺ˵˵ҶɺûǿҪ
֪ҶBҪȥڶຣҶɺζ޷


125 ͬһ 
ҶBŸպʮĵȥ ְ̾յ˾ٻ
ְ˾ǳ٣Ժܶ¶ǳְӵ鱾Ҫܣھ˾ְ Ҳȥҡ
ƽܶʱǱ٣ ָʹְ ٻյ˾ٻ
յ˾ٻ ŵò֪롣
˾΢ᣬ ˾ڴʱٻ ǲǲµʲô
ְŵòţҶBֲ֮ϣɣɣҲ˾ƹܵС
˾Ͼƹ ˼з˵˶ƿ˾УǷôֶ˼䣬֮䲻֪˵˱ı䣬 ˾ʲô
ְĵģ˾ʱȥǲǾΪѯڵ
ûת ɣͳ˹֣ĮСٹ
ְʱһ飬 ֻɣһڳȵһ֮ϣ 鵭Į룬óְӽˡ
ˣоͽаɣ ˼һϲһյĹ ǽϺӽ ǱڣǱһ١
ְһᣬȰ˾ٻһߣɣȥ
ɣӣһȻѹȸУָоֻǸϺʱֹóְһִǲǻָļ䡣
һͷѾóְͷƤ飬ָоĪİ
ְ߽֮ɣ̧ۣʵǲҲʶң
ְһ㶡
ʧɣҶBǰͬһģԵĮԴѹȸеʱ򣬳ְΪǼ
ԭǸģֻҶBǰˡ
Ӧ֮󣬳ְ̻شСȷҼݡ
ɣ¶һɫֵǾ͸˵˵ǰʲôģУǰʲô
³ְɷѣ֪ɣ֮٣ҲֻϴʳǴ󺵣еѨɽľģȫЩš
ʲô񶼣ƷϺ
Ҫ˵
ΪְԸ˵ɣ龹Ȼʼͣܿó֪ľֻңϺ֮رܣֻп־壬ǻҲܶ˶ңǳǳ£֪ʲô
ܺ˵һְֻӵӿ£Ϊ˵ƽľֻбѹȸС
ȻҲ£ǵ֪֮˳ƢĥڵһֻҶBҲֻҶB
ûҶB֮ѹȸУ֮ǰҪӿֲ
ǳְ֪ô˵һ亹֮СȷϺ֮ϺˮԼϺڰնСߣоηȻоֹ¡
֪֮࣬ǳְβסĿ־ͼɵɣ黹ֱܷ塣
Ʋһ۳ְֵǰ˵ģȫһЩҵķϻ
ᵽҶBʱɣ̬Ի˲٣ְץᣬ̾˳ȥǣҶСС˵ȻҪ֪ǰԸҵʵڲ֮Ĺ
һ֮Ĺɣ̾ͲΪѳְ
ǹɱ˵ѹȸʧ֮󣬳ְҲһΪԼһ亹
ȻΣЩСӦȥģֻϣҶBܸϽɺ߽ߡ
ǸŴ¶ȽϲһЩ
ϺɺĿǰפŴһʿ
𿿽Ƕ붫ڣ˿̶ΪϺ֮ʱȻϺѾ
ʮ͵ģʵҲ͸Ҹ磬ǰϲӭӣ⵽ħʴҸȱסҸ绯ɸΪ񲯣ҸΪ常ʱʼϺá
˴ϺңԴױһ峣ƫһ磬
Ҳκʹɣʱûг棬ֱɣΪѰҲл꣬ǵ֮Թ
ںԻɸΪ񲯡
ɣǰ̫࣬ȫƾǿӲԵֶΣϺƽ޲˸ǡ
ѶһٳҪ侮ʯҪôǵſϺĺϷҪôǰĲһš
Ҳֻ𣬷΢Ը
ɺֻкˣҲѾͷö
ʮĻʱһ㶣Ȼ΢뿪Ϻ𣿡
΢̯֣Ƶ㣬⺢ӳˣҲס
ʮĽ˵ϺѣϺϺĸʱ뿪޷ǾҪԼԣʹס˹Ҳĸ׶ԿסЩĸףҿǰ˾ȱ
ʮ˳ƽҶBǰƵĸ㿴Ҵľȱ
ҿҲֻҶBһˣҪ˵ʲôرǾһرĿ꣬
ֻϢ´зɿתǣȴɿɻʵλǺˣΪϷܸоʶ
һ˵ҲͰʮ꣬ǰϢ궼𣬱˵ʮ䣬δκηˣ˵ҶB֮꣬ʮ䣬ǰϢˣôǡ
룬ԼȷûмˣǹϤĸоԴˡ
ҲŮҲϢеɻϢֵһҵȷδǰйһ֮Ե
Ϣ룬ҶBϿһߣȵˣǰӦǹǰϺһͬǰ磬˱ĺ
ʵҶBǰļ䲢࣬ҲֻмĲּ䣬˪tļ䣬֪֮٣ֻÿǵãҡ
ҶBΪֻжɺԭҲڣȫˣź档
мĿҶBЦС̫ǲ˼ʱ䳤ˣΪԼǷˣȥ˼һδɵëͷСӣΪѧ˼࿹⣬ֱЦ
ҿСӣ˵Ҫٳ飬һƶӲס˵ţҶBȥȫһƣ顣
ͻȻ֣͵ϮûյҶBǰҪҶBһƣ̾ͱҶBƿ
Է֮ܶһƣƱҪҷ𣬿ҶBֹһƸҺˡ
ϺȵĿǰ֮Աǵķˣ˼߾дΪܽӱһƣҲҪϣһ֮ͣ츳ҲдΪСӣ·ڱ㣿
ҶBֻգϲڵĳЦߣλضʶ


126  
ҶBǿÿֲ һܹӵУͷųʱڳɶо޷ܵѹ
ǷطҲܶʱӵ˿ֲ λɵ÷׷ײ²ҶB ˭
ɣѾ˼Ҫݣ ˳˳عλ
ڣ ЩҪˣ Ҫݣ ɣ鵴ƽδϰΪն
λ֮䣬ҶBЦһ޹˼ɽͷţ 뼸λҵǰλʶڴòˣҰλһ£ ǵǰһļ𣿡
˵Ǽһ˲֮󣬶̾ѹ ԣѾ磬 Ͳڣ ܻ꣬ؼ䣬㾿˭ ð ʲôģ
оˣһͨĶ߳ŭ ͱҲվһҪ֡
ηСɱʮȺͿСҲˣҵǰٰǲ֪
ӿɱ֮ӿ
ʵҶBϵˣۼλǲǼ񣬶š
鲻վҶBǰλʲôֿѣǼѲỹϴɣɸ֮ϵķɣѾҪǲţǴȥɸһ̽ǰΪ˽Ϻ֮ң붯֣ᵹǻĻ죡
дǳ˵ʱ򣬶ͼ񽻺羡֪֮£ĵĵԵö㡣
ʱ΢ֱҶB¹񣺡Ѩɽ΢ӭػ磡
΢һҲ̹Ҳ׷׸һͬüλ֪վŻǸһ
ʱҶBλüλǾñܲȹ֮񣿡
Ĺ֮񣬱Ҳһܵ𣡡˵ҶBֳ̧żλķһ£ǿżλǿѹȥʹλòϥ¡
˵ǷˣҲûܴﵽΪλвϣ˿ҲòϣֻܴӦţҵȹӭ
ǷԸ⣬ҶBҪľǴʱĳ棬Ҫִֵ羡֪һֵ񶼡
ҶBݿʼһֱԾҶBҲ֪ĵʲô
ʹҶBѾܶ÷ɣҲڱıԵ˷ǿȥ֮Ǳ˺һ㡣
Ϊ˲˿쳣ֻܽڵѲӣܿǵߡ
һ·ţѰһ̵Ĺµڹµ֧֮˽磬üλ޷ǡ
֧ţ϶ɸҶBҶBԻһЩûôܡ
ʹʱȥ֮ҶBһԣҿܾǰ¶ˣŲһ
һ㻹һܵͺܵͣ׾еûͲ̣֪֪ôĺʲô
ҶBȻ֪ҪľˣӦţҵȻ֪ұͻ˶˲ôٻ죬ʲôأ
ҶB𣬳ڣܳȥܳŵϺƽƻԭеλãЩȶϰɨ
ˣҶBŲϤǸȥǳϤ͸ǰҩȷֱʱһģһ
սȭͷǰ㵣ȵɣͲߣڣ㵣뿪֮ٴʧأҪùԺйļ䣬ǼûʲôܣΣҪǰʧΣûʲôܣʱңΨһֿѣ꣬Ҳ꣬ò¼㣬ȴҿһһٰԼһһʣµӣ𣿡
Щѹĵףѹܾúܾã̲סȫ
𡭡ҶBѾ֪ôյֿѡ
ʹʱЩлѾȫںϣЩ仹ʶѾȫָҶBҲ
ΪҶB𲻹Ǽ֮ȫΪʶӵ˿Ъ˹ʣΪȴòֿѵС
У֪ʶѾˣŻ޹˼ɵĽԼйΪҲֻ֪ԼֿѲܻӦԼ˿̵
֮£ݺסҶBļ򣬴֪ģǷɣ׼֮󣬻влɣлὫлһתҲûа취⿪֣ңҪôȥң
Ъ˹ĺţʣΪɣ̺е·ǼֻţѾǰһˣ׵׵ʧΪҲˡ
֮ǰĽɣΪɿԳϣþʲô𣬿ҲҪΪνĲԼΪɢ꣬ҲԹǨŭɢۡ
񶼶ΪҺ͸ɣҸƲˮݣǶɻǵãҲҿųģԹΪ磬ɢĴ۱סȴһңˣɣڣֻҪصԭͿԲһΣһа취ܻصԭңβȥҰ
񣬲ҪҪһοʧȴΪҲҲں㣬Ҳʹ
ʶѾܳʱˣˣһֱ۵Ŀʧأʱɽȥ֪ε˱֮󣬶û˼ʧء
һʱ֮䣬ҶB֪ôȻ˵Ҳܡ
ҶBץԼֱǸ֪ôصԭǴ̫ҳܲ޷Ӧ㡣
˲佩ӲĿżͫڲϷŴǲǻǣɣŷ
ҶBܿĿ⣬ŵҲܸ㣬ҪĲҸôػλôλҰĲСǾ͸¶ţҲҪң֪ӣûʱ
ò׾סһƬݣֻܿлߣоʧʧǵվΪɢڣǧֻ꣬ƽ£Ҿһ磬һˮһľĻҰ㣬ҰʹҪƽһ飬Լ£Ұ첻Ұ첻һ塣


127 ˼ 
Ϊ֮ ҶBûټֻǴ֪һ  ޷ȫ˵ ʱ޶࣬ ֻܳȫԼ ǣ 㰲֡
ʱһ㲻ǧ꣬ûһհ֣
ܿ˫У Ҳܴɣֻǰ ܵʱҩҵľƺҲãԺ ҲúþƣȴҲ־ƺȡ
𡭡ҶB֣ Ҫǰոս񶼰οȰʱһ һļ򣬿֣ȴֻͣڰС
ļ򽥽ƽ֮ ҶB֪Щ˺ܶ࣬  ޳жµͷܴڶãڻڣһգһֱֿѣǣǡ
۽˸ỨĨȥҶBûЩ˵Ļ㻹ȥɣҲСòš
ȶ֮ҶBЦ˵ɲú壬Ҳǲ𡣡
ڽ֮Ѿ˺һʱ䣬Ӧþۼ˲ߣǳȥ֪֮ȴʲôҲûи֪
ҶBΪεķźǵôСⶼϹѾʲôǵ̫С
̯εûǧǰɣô񶼺ϺģǱˣҪǲ֣㻹ŵ鴫񶼣Ǿ͸Ҷˡ
ҶBЦãҶԶ䵥ˣǻҶ֣̫߹ˡ
Ȼ
ҶBͷһ̾˼˼ˣҸͷ뿪ԼģǧܳǿܶһҲá
Ҫ֣ҪиİգҩȹڣûаİѱԲ˳ж
Ϣ֮ǰɱҶBֻҪ޶֤һҧĻ֮˼ð
ڶƵʱ򣬻гλǿѹʱҶBҲһԼȻǿʢȴﲻ
ΪԼոոδָ֮࣬Ȼ𵽻ĵ֧ˣΪȷţԼĿǰǳ
ȴ룬ԼѾֵزǻǲҶ֡
ȻϢ񶼣Ͳܻص񶼣Ҳֱӻصҩȣ˼ȥֻȥ˼䡣
뿪Ϻ֮󣬾һЩСϺװи
˼ߣƵĮ֮Ƶ뿪̫ãĮˮԴֻñԭ͡
ȷβֻ֮صʳǡ
Ÿջصʳ֮ڣڴʷڵɣ̾͸ӦϢԭһӳԵÿģ˲Ͱ£ȥ
ڳ֮⣬ֻһˣɣʱأһߵģôˣ
ԹΣ𶼱ЦˣûͱɣܿˣСԹأ
ǸСڣзһСǵݸɣ飬ֳЦҶСӻɺҸ㱣֤ǱŪ֮һȥòã
ŶɣȻĽӹݹǣѾӹܶһȻϤ
֮Ȼദѳְˣ꣬ĶϺƲҲֻԣûһܼôƽ͵ദ
ʷʱ򣬷ʷѾҶB뿪֮ǰýסˣڴʷڣǲᱻɲϢ
ϰ֮佣ţּôƽദְе㲻ϰߣĶ㵽һ԰й۲졣
ǻǱƼˣʱ뵽ˣְ˾١
˾Ӧ˾Ŷԣ˾ȴֻ˾Ʒ
ְһ˾ʱһ飬ӲĻӦкηԸ
ָտգְȥ˾
˾
˾Ҿڼ֮ǰ˾گһߣڻ˾·ְͷᡣ
ѾԸˣҲòȥ
Ϻ˼ʱ䲻ְͬһ˽˾ϲһĹ˼Ѿȥʱ䡣
˾Ǿͬ򽻵Ҫʱ˾Ǿòʲô¡
û˾Ǿ֪Ϊ˺£Ϳ˵סУֻ𣬻һֵĽɫϺ
ɣ˲䣬˾˫ȷʱ򣬶ûϺɷôš
̼ԿհףѾ֮ǰϺһ¸øɸɾֻʣ½š
οǣǸɲ֪Ϻ֮Ĺϵâ
˾˸ӹһĻ
ɣԶһģɱڣ˲ý֮ڡ
ģȻɣһӵģһѼ׷ҪĿȸë˾ǲԼ۾⡣
˾ˣæɣסһǺȵȣкҪ飬ǵһ߳ԣæˣٸëòã
ɣ鿴дϰĿȸᣬֹһЩ
һѵĿȸ۲ѣĺǻëΣԼβϵĿȸᶼҪͺˡ
»ҪúúСڣĺ˵ɣæټòãкҪ飬ڰġ
ֻҪ˵ҶBģɣ̾ͷǳϵıǣߵһȥٳ
˾뷿У֧罫
ɣĵӰԶǰ֮˾ŵ侲ʱŷԼѾһ亹
ҲʱӲ𾪵Ŀ𣺡ϺƲѾ𣿡
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ˣţԼɻ˳˾Ǿƹ˼ˣǲֻз飬ħҲ飬Ϊû˱ħˣ
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128 ķ۾ 
Ϲʱڴ ΪߵɣϹʱ֮£Ĵ£֪ġ
Ҳֻ֪ Ϲʱڱս ΪбĴڣ ͳ壬 ĵλ
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129 ͼ 
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ʱɣӳ һڡ
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Ȼŷ֣ Ƕľǣ Щϰ ԭëΪڡ
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130 ˪t 
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ҹʱһڿտĽֵϣһֱͷ дʣ ʲôҲ
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֪Σֱ֮۾ܣȻٶȴȲ֣ ۿҪµ׷ϡ
ǧһ֮ʣһذɫɡǰͬҲЩħָȥ
۾һ ΧħֶѾʧɾ̧֮䣬 ֻһ࿡εİӣ ۽֮һ쳣۵Ѫ롣
ͻȻֳɡӣǰɣ顣
ɣذɫɡӵǸ ˡ
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˪tֻǳǳЦţδǽϵֻãյȥȴóһװڽУСĲغõĻɣǰչŻɣԱȼĵЦƺˡ


131  
˪tĻǳʣ ֻһƬʵһŮİɫӰ
ǽξһģôʵ
ɣ鿴ʱ һʱ䶼޷ֱ ľʲô ˪tȴŻ ɣԻҿˣ 㣬 㣬㡣
ɣϸʵĻԼûϳ˪tȴһҧ ɣһ޷ƽϢ
ȻֻأǹǰȴȻããһϳ ׽ˡ
ʱɣ鿴˪tĿⶼû㱣͸ڿ֮µһˡ
Ƿô꣬ Ҳһֱڵң
Һܾ֮ǰͻģһֱһģӰӣ Ȼ壬 ȴһֱӰˣҸȡѰ֪δ ֪δѰ
˪tеĻ ĵڲҪˣ ѾҵӰˣǰҲǰһӵˡ
ǣɣþ޷ƽϢеĲ˲ʪһѺݺݱס˪tҵˣ㲻֪ʱþúþã磬ڼˡ
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ǰһ˪tΪ֮Եֶϲǵɣĵ棬һİ֣ʱǰеϲãһһˮһ¡
̧ͷʱжɣ㵵Ŀ⣬˪tоԼ˵̫֡
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סɽ֮У˼ܹʲô޴죬ʱȴо޴ĽŲڿ
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ʿ֮Ҳǳȭҵðãҵ뿪˵ء
˪tɽס˺ü꣬һֱƽ£һΪżĻʦˣʲô˻鷳


132 Ҷ 
ʿŽŲԽԽ  ˪t͵ҩһ±й¶ȥ¹鵽ӵסɳʿҪץȥյϢҵȻ뿪
ԭΪһ¹Ϊҳӣ 鷳
Ҫǻ°ǰ ˪t鷳 ʱ˪tȴ뿪ˡ
ɣ ˵ѾԼܾúܾã Լ뿪ˣ ôǸ˻Ҳô죿
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ô˪tôˣ ʹʿһֱȰ裬˪tҲﲻ뿪
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ڶԣʿƴȫҪ˪tɱΧڵļʿô򣬳é⣬ΧŸʿ
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ɣһ磬ɽоֲ٣н绤סĶһ٣ʱ򣬻ڵӡ
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˼ǵλȨ˼ǵʱ˪tߡ
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˪tʾԸ⸨࣬ϲͬҲ֮У˪tԸʿɽѾڡ
˼ķɣмֻǸ˪tߡ
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Ҫ˶Ὥɽɣ鵹һһεĺ˪t˵ε˪tκġ
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һ˲ɣٶȻ㱣˪t飬񣬾ǰɸʱ
·𣬿˼վԼǰ
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133 Ϻر 
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134 л겻 
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΢ͻȻ֣ Ҳ÷ĴһӵѨɽѾкܳһʱˣû뵽΢ʱ֡
ùã㡭ôˣԷ΢ ĻЩ顣
΢ѾòУ קһˣ קԼ ôˣҪǲĻ ʬ嶼֪ʲôطˡ
ֻĲ ĵùãǰҹ㲻ңҪڻ𣿡
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⿪֮󣬷ίίӵΪùãôʲô
΢ֱһҧ㻹˼ۣ֪֪ʲôҪһ㣬Ѿʬ޴ˣҲǣѨɽ֪𣿡
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΢ɽǻ˼սң˼ѵ㻹ǲŻ˼䣬
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΢˽ĹѺڵ˼
ŷ΢ı飬ܾһֲԤУùҪʲô
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Ϊ˲÷ٳȥ΢뿪Ѩɽ֮ǰѨɽκη֮˶ܳ룬֮ǰҲܽĸų
Ǳ֮ʱ׳ΪʷĳմȨ³ΪãǨǣӴǳ˹
ǻʽ˪tΪ³֮˪tȴٳڳҰ֮ϡ
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͢ľƽ˪tڼŪīɣۿһİ˪tĻϡ
ǳȻɣϺʱֳ˪tͷϣͻص˼ʱĻ档
ңɣԵЩ˷ܣŻеİžӻǺˮԼҪ˷ܡ
԰ǲǵһηԼô䣿˪tҲԼĻ˺һᣬ֡
鲻ᣬ֪Ͷ
֮˪t֣صؽԼ˽¸ӡȥԼİͼǷǳġ
֪ԭҶ֪
Ӧ˷ܵ飬ɣ黹Ǹопģܸоȴֲ֪Ǻδһ顣
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ҲףܣΪ֪ɣڵȵģǸ˾ֻǰˣİʮ꣬Ѿ֮׵Ե֡
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һ֮ɣͽƲһߣ˪t˫ۣʵ㲻ǴӦңֻҪ˼սƽϢ͸඼Ѿ˻ʵ۵λãʲôʱߣ
˪túõڰţƵʲôս¸ƽٷϴˣѾ¶ˣ͵㻹ţ꣬붼ʱһֵĵƻᣬڵƻһϣƣÿһȫ㡣
ʵ˪t׼ЩҲһֱƣֻδڵˡ
ɣмı飬ѾڴѣȴҪ׵˪tԣСʣҵķڣʲôʱңһҪָҴڡ
ʵڳ¥֮ϣɣ˪tҪ󣬾Ҫ˪tָһڣָϡ
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ڳ֮ʱмӹ֮
ǵѾΪ׼ӹȴδȵһ죬Ѿӵ֮أ֮󷽲֪Ȼڡ
Щһֱûдڣֻŵżָڡ
ڳ¥֮ϣ˪t糺һƬҲˣڿǳҲǡ
˪tӵԼҪڣֻΪɣԵİˡ
԰֮


138  
ʵ˪t׼˷ڣ ҲԼ˷ֻǣǲҡ
˵ûã Ҫβ˼ Ϊɣڡ
Ϊɣﱸļӹ ׼綼Ŀʢ¡صĵ
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˪tһֱΪɣǸɢɣϺ֮λҲӲκϺ
Ҳ ɣԴӳΪ֮󣬾ͼٻصϺ ޷Ĵ£ ŻὫɣȥ
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Լĳ̫࣬ϰ죬ɣû˭ǿҲ鷳ġ
ϢϺ
ԷԱ֮ɣ֪˭ˣ
ҪûǴĻɣ鲻ǵúʲôĽΨһнһΣҲǧ֮ǰΪҲл꣬Ľƻ˳ףҲ˳ס
Ǻɣʶ˪tԼ󣬾ؿŰϢԵ˼Ѱ֪кιɣ
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񿴵һɣĻˣϢ⳯˶࿴˼ۡ
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ӰɣһֳͷƲںȴֻԼõૣеĸףǡ
͵͵˪tòУͷʣţ˵ʲô
˪tһƫͷɣе˪t΢΢ЦҶ뵽ȥұȣ㲻ȥ
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𣿡ɣĿⲻȥϢҲΪ仰ɫɷף͵ɣ£ֳ
ðϢǣɣûоʹ˷ֻǳĬƬ̣Ȼ͵͵Ц红ͯһЦ绨ðһТȻҶӦˣҲûʲôѵˡ
ɣ˶٣ֵиҪ󡣡
Ϣһ֪ɣҪɣ鵭Ŀһ˪tȻϢ˵һĸȻΪҶŻ֣ɰҶΪ常Ը
㡭Ϣݺһû뵽ɣҪȻ
Ϣԥɣ鲻õüôǲԸ⣿Ϊ⣬˻ᶪ棿
Ϣ֣͵ǲԸֻδԸȮΪӣһʱϲδܷӦСΪ常õӣ˸֡
߰ɣɣ÷ϻֱӾ˪t˪tԼԣֱȥ
һ·˪t˼ɣ鱳ƵʵϲӶ𣿡
ϲˣᵽСʱɣǺε
õش֮˪t΢ŵһʱɣŽ͵ֻһʱѣң˻ŵĺӣ̫ܲ࡭
ʱڴӰԪϲ磬һ˼һꡣ
Ԫϳµģ԰Ԫ˼ȥѰɣ飬Ȼ˵˼仨˺üʱҵɣ飬ʵ粻ǹһյĹ
ڰϢ⽫Ϣѹµ£μɣĿǰΪֹ֪Ԫħŵ飬Ϸ졣
Ԫ󲻵ãɣ齫˪t֮صϢһҪտ˪t˴·ȥԪȥˡ
Ǵ˵еɽ׳ޱȡ
̴ӽ˪tߵ֮ϣ˪tǷ֮˪tܵȻǾβľ֮Ҳֻк壬ҲһЩֺͱȺ벻ҪԵй䣬Ϻ˵ޡ
˪tҲûŵܣҲɣκðԪȻص˼ѡ
֮ϻδֹˣ̴ҲǸ⵱ģǴ粽ظ˪t
УΪϹʱڣйһλսӶλǷʱӵĴ֮գ֮ͷﶼòˣ໥֮亮ѿף˸ʢ֮⣬˼Ҳûʲôͬ
Щ˪tһʶһ԰һЩĵط
֮дУļ紺ȴһûκҶһÿ
ÿעĿ˪tǲʱ̴æֹӣ𿿽֮µķӡԲΰǲܿ
˪tɻʵϺ
̴̾͵ͷֵ̿ȷʵϺ˴ǽأ빫ӲҪ
ȻɣµĽƣ˪tʱͣס˽Ų
۵ĵطںΧδĿɣĽƣ˪tʱþȤ
ôʲôҪΰݡ˪t̴
ʱҲžǾηɶΰݡ
ʱ˪tİ˼䣬ĴСʱҲ͸ĸһݹǺδ˵ʲô
̴ҲΪѣֹУǣҵȣҲ֪


139  
 ȴ̴Ӷ֪˪tеʧ
һֺĸо·ܹоĿ٣վ֮£ ΢ɣ ͺ˵ʲô£ ʱǸʱͺǾֹһ㡣
˪t֮վ˺ܾҲûҪ뿪˼ ̴Ӿվţ Ӧòʲô⣬ Ҳ߿ˡ
վ֮£˪tȫͺԵһУмλɼҲ֪ι˳ͻ֮ʧִ˪tķ
˪tӦʱ ѾдϣɴŰϮи롣
ɴʧֵɼҾ̾һ ˪t˾Ȼɴʼ˪t
ݵҲôȥҲû뵽˪tںδ
λɼңƺδѡ
²ɣ ˼䡣˪tλɼһ
λɼһ˪t˼䣬ʱȲѣ˼䣿ˣʱ˼ һ˸
ɼ֮У ˪tĿȴ˸ղŴб˵̣߹ȥº͵Σ
һ£ ով ղλɼ̾ס˪t ֵסȻĿˣȰһ䣬飬˻ǲҪΪãҵ̣ҪҪݲñ˲֡
˪tͷʧԭΪ񣬳ȻⱯһɽȴ˶硣
һ仰ŭ˲֪ɼң˪tȴںʹ̣ҪҪȻܲţĵ̣Ҫڱ˵ĵϹܽԼ̣ǷǷ׵
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ȻɼҶɷɳ񣬵Ƿ֮ʱȻȥԵΪ֮ףΪһ޹ؽҪķˣͬѣô㶼ֵ
˪t޿֣ǳǳЦǣһˣϣҲдڵ壬ȨҴڵļֵҲȨκ˴ڵ塣
һˣһɱ𣿡ɼһŭ֮£ɱ⣬Χһվ
һʼ˪tߵ̴ӣҲֻǰͷһû뵽˻ͦ鷳վ»ܸ
ֻһСС̴ӣЩɼһҲҵҲֻԶԶĿš
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ϸ۲֮£Ҳע⵽˪tϺɫӣЦʯɴʯĸ裿
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˪tѰ书ᣬֱӾͱһƵƷɳȥۿžҪײ
֮ɣµĽƣ˵ǷˣΪ΢һ㶼ᱻ˺Ƭ
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ΧŵɶĬĬĬֻһ˵飬ҪϵĽƣһϺģڳЩɣûһҪϺġ
˪tҲΪԼˣʱһִֻסȵĽסжȥǿĳ
ĴУÿҲ֪˭ˣ˪tֱӷɽ壬ԴڱļͷҾ֪֡
šɣӦţ֮ţһס۾֪㲻ϲѪȣ۱𿴡
˪t֮£ǽƲûгκηӦһ
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һɣͳ˳˪tǰ㿪֮ǰɣѾݺݶסĺצǶƤУɫѪ
˵ʲô˵һ顭
ɣݺݵĵɣ顣
ɣ鵽ǰʱ͸оԼϵͣһ㣬޷תҲʹ
ɣȴûн°֣ӡɣ飬ҶҰ֣Źģ
ԭǶӣɣ鲻мһЦϺƹ񶼱Ҳƹһܿ𣿰Ļ˵ûɻΪһ˵㣬ôöΪ㣬˵񶼻ΪһС뱾𣿡
һӲ֪Ӧԣɣ˵ûе˭Ϊ֮ԣǶӣҲһΪֱɣԡ
ɣɨʵ˭Ϊ뱾ΪУ
Ի֣̿ûĸɸӦʱ˭ҳǾлòͷˡ
ǿѹѹǸǹǿѣ͸˵Ҫֿˡ
ⷴӦɣ⣬ּʣǶ𣿸ղҶʲô
һɪɪҿǸʣڿɲ˵
˵
͵͵Ŀڷţֻп֮µ˪tû˿Ӧ
衱
˪ṭشҲ֪ɣһ̻ô
ɣĿڲסӡ
Ƕˣϲƺ˭˵ñ³ˣ
ɱӣӵĽ¿ʼ˪ɣҲҪԴš
ס֣
˪tʱסɣ顣
ɣͷһ˪tվȻˣҪڸóˡ
ۿ˪tΡΡ߹ɣε𶯣㣬㻹Ҫҷɣ
˪tٶվţɣûҿûôģҲڶ֣ŸСΪӣҪϼѪ𣿡
ɣ鵱Ȼ֪ⲻ˪tдʣϲѪҲϲԼɱ
ɣɿ˶ӣˣ
ɣûôһڣҲһΪٵŹ
εߵ֮£ɣֱ˪tᱧΪεˣֻҪͲܣһӣܸҴʲô鷳
˪t˴ˣһһھҪȡ
Ҫ֮ʱ˪tסɣ飬ղű۸С̣ʵа취ǸҪ𣿡
ŶˣɣԲã΢΢۾Σա
˪tҲ״̬̫ԣڵɣرŭǳ֡
˪t͵úǰͯңյˣְ˸ʰһ٣Ҫصԭĵط϶졣


140  
ͱ˪t྾· ɣܲסˣͣ˪tҪҰæ𣿡
ʱ˪tֻܵͷơǡ
ɣָһһɫ˿ߴָǣ̵ϣӲǽ̸קߡ
¾ôԵ ֱӽק ʶûһ䣬 оɣʱ״̬ܷ ˪tҲٶ˵
ôɼҿţ ˪tĶһ£ СҷֲǲˣǶҪҪˣ
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ʹô˵ɣ֪˪tںͷһɨ 濴мɼһֱǿɣһɨʱȫͷ
˭۾Ҫˣ ܿ˭ͷ̫࣬ ˵
ôһв ˭ٸҶ࿴һۣʱվɼңȴɣ΢ĽŲ
ԪС һԾͽħγ ɣ黹Ҫգ ˪tҲ˵ˣɣֱӰһ궴ŵϣȺúţҺܿͻ
תһ̣ɣÿ£һѴźذ̵ǰ
Ĳľܸߣ궴аôߣɣһ̣嶼ڲסĲʶһţͼԼڲݴ
ԼұӣҪ̺¡
ѰӶݴڣɣֻǹָͷɫ˿߾ͰӲݴڰԼűߡ
ɣ˪t˵ǰͯһҪƵĳ嶯
ʲô֣
򵥵һѯʣֶ˶Żش𣺡աݡ
Ҷ˵ǰͯ뻻һ𣿡ذ׵ԼֱӾ뵽ԼȥΪӡ
һ£ݵ˵ͷ룬СԸҡ
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ǣһλȻǽղżǱǰӣоƢ˲֪ǧٱ
ݸյһɣͰذ׶ݵϣȥǰӵͷٰ۾ˡ
Ǽһ˪tʱɣҪͷˣֻڵʱ˪tڣϲЩԲûнôѪȡ
ӺݺݽӲͲȥذףûôѪȵ顣
ûжɣ̾Ͳˣô鲻Ը⣬ǲң
ǲҰ
ǸģѾɣеĲ죬ڣ˵ǲԸ⣬ǲңпܱɣ͵šϲӡ
Լֻڲţݻҧذ׸ӦţǣСȥ
ɣͷѵ֮ҸطԼϴɾһѪҲ
ص˪tǰʱɣһɱͺȫ
֪˪tȥɣȿڣҲϲ϶ζȥһ·ϴɾٹԺ̴ӡ
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ֻҪǰɣ㲻ǿţüоƣ֮⣬˪t˫ָüչΪԪγħҲˣڴ˵ϢҲˡ
ķϣɣ鿴Ϸ¶һС֮ϲһ˿Եĺ֮»˪tҵϢʱԣ㲻Ҳģ㻹ûкúÿǴȥߣʯڣʲôطңҶ
˪tĲʣеȴǵ˵ͷϵʯʳһ͵˳ϵľӿڣؿǹɴжʱ˺ܶࡣ
ôǿˣôֻнϵŤˣ˵ŲۣʵֻǲɣĶѣǵ̵ġ
ʹû˵º͵ߣ˪tҲ֪ʵɣѾܵˣԲŻʯˡ
ɣǰ飬Ϻ˪tȫļɵµ׺ݡ
˪tֻǼûĸܹĺݾΪɣʱԶֻ͹˳
˶ףΪʲôΨ⡣
֮ദޱȵǣȴֻףЩǶģȫΪλλԵʣɣͻͬЩһ
ƵĲӦɣôˣģΪǸղŵĻѹ뿴𣿡
ɣһ£ֵðϢȫɾֻһ磬պٲˡ


141  
ֱӰ˸飬 ɣҲûһ˿
˪t֣ôƽϵ𣿴˵ʢʯo룬 ܲҵһЩoȥ ǿʯʯ̵Ϻòϡ
ڶԼĲϣ 治ǻա
ɣЦһ ðϢҸ˴ȥɣ  Ҳ͵Ϣˡ
ϵĺߣĿڵĵطӣԼŲסᷢɣٶȰ˪tƳ⣬ ٽ궴߸
˪tһãȻرƳ򹧹վڶ⣬һ˪t͹ؾ񣺡ݼӣ
˪t һ̴ӡ
ݿȸռʱҪţ˪tºͶ㲻£ֻҪҲѵ˵ġ
ݺµĵȻ˪t ڵɣ飬֪ɣر˪t ڶ˪tҲһľηӷԸ

ôؾص̴ӣ ˪tֻǱǰӿˣεҿɲϲô̴ӣպǰҪôţ һЩͺã ղű Σ
˪tֵ˲䣬ʶԼȥСġ
Ӹ֮ǰӿʼϰ粻ĶԴ˪tĹУһʱ仹Ӧ
ŵòУ˪tҲǿӦµദʽ˰ֵȻ㲻ˣǾ͸ȥo
˪tϢ˵ҪoʱϢˬΪҪҶѵõıoǣһֻС궼ܴȥɡ
Ϣֻ˪tɼo˵ط֮Ҳֻݺֻʯȥɡ
oǸڣʶЩɣҾһ⣬ЩνҲûʲôøУ뻨˼ͬһ໥ѡ
ɽ̲𣬸аٻţı棬Ҳ޵Ļݡ
ǰƬĺ컨ĿѤһӾ˪tĿ⡣
ô޺Ļ䣬ԴȥҲһͿϣڻϣɰ֮һɫ
˪tŸ߽ԣ̾ͱһסһͱԶԶԶ뻨ԡ
Ƭĺ컨̾ǰһƬ𺣡
˪tعһֻﻯһŮӻ
Ůޣֵһ̣һڻݣȻʧɫ
ЩһƷã컨޶ֻһǻ֣ħϡ
ǣεĻ￴Щ죬˪tԺ˼УǷ峤
΢˪t϶˺һǵʲôطй
Ŀ˪tϵʯʱʱˣ̹˫ֽǰ˪t񣺡΢μ
㣬֪
ɣߣ˪tҲ٣Ƿ΢ȴǵһһۿݵɣ˪tǺ⡣
΢˵ͷ͵ɣҲֹѨɽ˽ɣȻΪŷûʲôĿģҲÿ񾳶һ綼͸
죬ϴɣʯ˼ɣ֮סɣͳʯģΨ֮ǰľٶѲ³һһһĲлֻ֮ת
΢ĳƺҲҲֻ˪tʧ
𣿡˪tЦһǴƬӰ΢Ȼ峤˵תҴֻһˣ˪t˵£ͨͨǵãҲûκӰ죬ڣҲǿе
ܿó˪tݣ΢Ȼǲǵãв϶ҪҲȨңֻҲ޷ϣһͻͰ꣬ٶתΣҲǧ꣬ɣѾǧ꣬ǧ꣬ȵҪģǧ꣬һҲһɶα˼ƽϡ
ȻɵУ˶̶̰ϣǲǵ꣬ʲôν
ɣڻ˳Ϊ֪ΣȥˣµֻмҪ˭Ҫ
飬жҪʹ˴𰸣˪t׶
ܿ˪tеļƽϣ΢ݸһЦһһɣһԥѡˣڵҲһͬһˣαطֵ
⻹˪tһһɣܹ͸˽ɣ飬˪t峤ƺ˽飬ҼɶϺɺĺˣҲηأΨ㣬̸ѡ
һʯŴƬ𺣣΢ڵʱɣѾʶҲΪѣֻ֮سԺҲģ
΢´˵һ飬ǰƬһƷ챻յ÷ɻҶʣɲа춯ʧ̾ûˡ
˪tʱʹеʹƺңֻN|ǰŻµģ峤˴Ϊֻ
ǡ΢ͣǧǰǵʱմɣѪԻðΪ޵Σ֮һֱĽɣ֮ʱҷɣелԷۣʹֶȫˣҲ·Ϊ
˭֪ȫ֪ڸģ˼Ҳ֣֪ôԻ˷ģʱڷѵֳµİо뻨ȻѾýħСմȾħŻһ𣬾һ·׷˴ϧˡ΢Ѿ޵޲ھͰѻޤճɷɻҡ
ԣĿģ飡˪tȻӦǰסĲ⣬ɣ֮󣬾ͻȻһƷ졣
δϣ룬éݣʹٵ
ԪմȾħ֮»ֻɣȲ˾ħԪСɣľֻҪϢôɣһôɺϵ飬ֻоȷơ
΢ĽͣôĿһֱɣ顣
˪t̾Ҫظϣ΢ýţĺнģħȥҲֻֽ֮ܶĵطǰԪԼ̰ܳҲ޷֣ɣ֣
˵˪tȻĲ£ҪݴӶڳԼͱӵһĻС
ɣеģҲ룬ҳҶϷǣ˺ҵģûС
˪tȫһŸճûãɣ͹ˣ
Ϸô𣿾ͨ˯һϢҲûô졣
ɣüһƳ΢ˣҪٿһ㣬ܰĳֻߴߴëϣ̫ˡ
΢Ȼ֪˵ԼǶ춼Ѿϰˣֱӻȥһأǲ㹦˲ˣʯڣ˵˰죬ҲûΪ汻ȥ
ɣ鲻ٸƶ죬ϢұܣҲ񶼣λ֮ǰҲϣб֪


142 ʯ 
΢֪ڵʲô ҷ΢Ҳü鿪Ц֣صӦ¡
ȻɣѾ֣΢Ҳ˵ȻѾ ҲҪȥ ɣ 㡭
Ļ ڿɣɫһ̣ ȫںУ һ䣺ϲ㡣
л̫Ļû˵Ҳ޷˵
ֻϧɣһȫ˪tϣû⣬ ȴ˪tȫ۵ס
Ϊǲһ˼
΢ߺɣɫһ䣬ֽ˪tѹھʯϣ ˪tļϣƬӰסӣѾ£𣿡
ǵģ ˵˪t֪Լͷ΢֮ĶԻ һȫˣ ֮䣬֪ʲôطʼ͡
ʱɣ龹Ȼ΢΢Ĳǲֻǲңҵĳ֣ Щա
ǵģ 㲻ô롣֮£ ˪tɣ֣һһߵߺ˪tĲ֪ҪȥδѰ
˪tֻܽץס֣ӷ΢ĿУ˪tѾ֪˹ɣĹ֪ɣĴڣپ¡
᲻㣿飬Һ޲ʱʱ㡣
ָڱ᲻صţɣܿҲڹңܸоԹҡ
ղװͰ͵ģ̾ίòУ˪tҲ벻һӱ仯ôԴࣺȻУҴôãһڳԵĶûңͰҶµܣҵȻԹ
ˣ˪tֻһˣҲдգʱ˼ʱֲͬһˣ˪t˵Ҳ㹻ˡ
ҴˣʹȥԺóԵġ԰ɣ̾ǣ˪t궴ķߣƸղеĲȫһ
˪tҲһȻ˳һƢú塣
»Ǹɣ˳ҪڶֻݣǶԼȥ˪tҲﲻʲô
˪tҰϢȥoҲûл೤ʱ䣬Ҳûн
ŶӵСܿҲͱǸˣ֮ｻһƬϲ׷ΪϢףС磬Ҳ֪Ԫħ顣
ɣ˪tͻȻϵʱԭֵᣬʱͰ
ɣʱеĿⶼɣϣȫڹ۲ɣ龿صģҲġ
˵ɣȫɣҲҲлǧ䣬ÿһɣ鶼ݷù˵Щɣȫҹ鷳ȻɣȫͲǵǷֱ˭
ÿɿǿ־壬ɣֱӹǣֱߵ·λá
Ϣ״̾ٲһɣ˪tºúóԶһֻ˪tϣûҪ鷳ӣڳɼҲһ
ʱȴһҲˡ
ϢϢˣһǰҲǸʱϺڵж֮УûϵԪ£òȥɣ顣
綼֪ɣˮݣֻҪһطⲻҪֳһ
ɣҲˣҪֻĸλɣΪǶ֪ɣ鲻֣ÿһ֮󣬾ڳ
ǰϢҲͷµģҪߣɣ߶ʣҪ棬Ǿ͸Ӳˡ
ˣɣҲɫ΢䣬ͷ˪tһ£ҳȥһ£ܿ
ɣһϢðϢ˪tֱӳȥס
˪tԣϢʵںܴ󣿡
ᵽɣʱ򣬺ܶɶֱӵͷϢЦϺ
ǰԪ常ϢҲž˵ɣ龿ɣ˼һ֮󣬻ίϺֻǱȽУҲӸ֮߰ԼЩͻС¡
Ϣ˵ί񣬵˪tҲе˼ٿɣ̬֮ȣҲܲ³ЩɻٶǱѹġ
Ƭ֮󣬶ڴһ죬̷ֻ˪tҲˡ
ǼٴɣţǴδ໥֮䶯֣Ѳһδˣ
ϢӦ֮󣬿첽ܳȥ
ǰһĻǾȲѣһ첢Ƕ֣ɣ飬ɣ˿ûл֡
һ֮ɣ鲢ûж㿪Ҳûл֣ԼҲⲻѣΪʲôûл֣
ɣؿǿŲʣмɱ˱㿪
ɣˣ˪tǵܹȥѯʣôˣ
һƣɣ黹ûʲôӦ˪tôһ֣ɣ鵹ǽһѽ˪tڻУ۽˸ʵһϽϢȫ
ôˣɣ齫ѹúܵͣ͵ֻõϵĶ˪tٶ֣ȫ޷
ɣ黤Ż֮˵Ķ̫ԣ֮Եǣ޷ˣüʵ˭
ܲšɣԲã䣬Ǻɱ˼ȫһֻǵزðˣѵҲѵˣҲˣߣ
ԭɣҲҪ£ǿɣԻŻеˣֲˣֲģСӺ꣬벻ߣҲܲš
֪ĿһֱԼе˪tɣһüԪǱӣӵ磬ʲôǣǷ
ӣԼˣ˰ϢϢֱ˵ͷ
ɣ飺绹Ҫ𣿡
Ѿǧ꣬ɣûôƺһ㶣ֻ֪ǲԼеˡ
˭һȣҪ˪tɣ黳и
ɣҲûж㿪ֻתԼһ£Ҳû˪t¶֡
һƺ˪t飿ҷſɡ
˪tҪȴֱɣȥ
֮Ķ𿴵˪tϺɫӣŭˣʯ
ɣ鲻𣬽˪tƵ궴ڣһϽ˪t˸ʵڻعͷԣҽʯʯҵİԸ˭ҵɣӦûʲôɣ
һüʣĵģ
ɣ͵һЦʯֻһˣǱģʯȻ𣿡
ʯֻһˣ֪ǣǰʯѾ
ǰʯ͸ʱʯѾˣеڶˡ
ȣյȭͷϿ֨죬Ĵ־ˣڻ
ЩĻɣȴˣݺݵɣð죬˵ڵĻڻο㣿֪㡭


143  
Σɣǰ ˼֣ڣҵϣܳңң ǽѵҲá
Ȼ֮䣬 ע⵽ɣͷϵķڣ ŷӦ Ϊʲôһμɣʱ ܾʲôطһ
ԭǷڣ ˡ
һʱͷɬԣɣһҩƿ˰ɡ
˵˦뿪
ԭΪǶ߲ޣǵͷֻ߲
Ҳգ һˣҲá
ɣнҩƿվԭãȻð졣
֮ ־ͽҩƿ׸ϢȺħ֮øָԪ
ɣص궴ʱ˪tѾĵòУô
ɣ֪ڵʲô û£𲻻İҴˣ ²ʹ
ҲǿɣûʲôӦ ˪tķһЩ
һ磬˵һۣ ɢȥʱ ϢҲѾƣ
ðԪϢ֮ ɣٴΪԪħһοԳ׽ħ
ħѲȻһϸС޷ħɣڡ
һ˿ϸСħɣҲûзֱô˪t˼䡣
ʱ˼䲻һǿֻ뿪ʱ䣬ʵ˼䣬Ѿ뿪ʱ䡣
뿪֮ǰ붼ؽУǻʱ붼Ѿȫһģ
ص˼˪tһʱҪȥõĻʹ˽Լ뿪öʲô¡
Ŀе֪ĮѾս֮ãҪ̸֮ʣɺѾã붼֮⣬кܶطѾһ궼ûн꣬ȼðգñ͹飬ڸѩϼ˪
ƫƫʱĮʹʹ붼һΪ˺̸Ϊһʵ
ĮһִȻ̸ͬǻкܴһֵĴҪս³ȣһá
ðѾսŸãϮž²꣬˵ĮҪ̲ãõİգΪµƷɳŭʶ´󺵡
ҪµĻ˪tԼ취£˪tֱӿԵɣ飬飬𣿡
ɣ֪˪tҪʵʲôֱӵĺΧĺƹܽ꣬ط񶼣ò꣬ҹܣҪ񶼣ǲ뷣˭ˣ
֮붼ĵ̣ܡ
˪tôһʧ䣬ô󺵵⣬ʱɣ齫Դ˪t˫ۣЩЦζȻóʳ֮ⶼϺϽķΧҪĻҲǲܹܣ
һεǴڣ֪һɣʲôʲô
ɣЦһյ˪tĶС˵˵ʱ򣬻Գ棬˼ʱĻ¸ҵ
˪tʱ֪ɣ˼֪ˣһúѧ档
˪tӦʱɣ˸ָ̾ʹ͵͵
Ȼ˪t֮̾ͷӦæסɣ飬ȱꡣ
ţɣ鲻ס
˪t࣬£ĲȣΪ³ŭգŻд˴֣ǲһ䣬̳ȶģҲĮĮҲη飬ǵøأǶȻٲҷ
ɣ˼Ҳ˵Ҫֳٻӣ
ɣָ࣬дŲ⡣
һʼɣͿֲ˳ۣھǵ棬ɣҲɫ
ԼıӣԼ
ɣã˪tԣСҪҲǲԣֻҪ㣬ʲôУ˴Įöԡ
ȷɣ£˪tûǸ˼ǳǳһЦɣҿɲô鷳˼һ£¸ˣǿһƻᣬҾ͸ȥϺϲ󺣣ϲɺ
֮á
ɣȫڳ࣬˪t̸µʱɣ޵ıĿ⣬˼Լʲôʱ
ķ¾ͱѡ֮ĹԱ̾Ϳʼ׼ˡ
ּʱ£һԳĹˣ˵ǿԽ꣬ھڹ⣬ǷҪһ
࿴˿ɣ飬¾һֻڵϣҪټ壬ŻãҪؾʱɣɫһ壿˭˼䣿н
ĺ֮ڳϺȫ񶼵ָôò꣬ҲΥ񶼵˼ɣ鵹Ǻ棬˭˼¡
Ϊ˲ԼϢѶԷܣɣ黹صȥΣڰ˭ôĵӡ
нһµ꣬һھĴȫûн˼УòС
壿ܽꣿ
࿴꣬ȫͲôһûгȫĺӡ
ǡĲɵĻش𣬾ɨһۣȻĿͣ˪tϡ
׼ȷ˵ͣ˪tϵʯϣ˷ܵشյ˪tǰ˷ܵʯ㣬Ҹɺķ˾㣿
˪tʶһɻؿ꣬˭ϵʯ
ЦһóһһģһʺɫʯʮģϺģʯİҵȻϵãҸϢҸأ
ʮĿ˪tȥţҪ˪tϡ
עʱһֻֽӸסֱӰŶòҪɹ𣿵ᡣ
Ǳһ£ʮĴһСȻ˷磿
ɣȴ͸СһߣԶ˪t֮һߣʵôҲ˼ˣ˼飿
ʮԼԴίֻ˵˼䣬ǰĺ֮Ҳֻһ϶ûôУ˭ð˼˵˼󺵣Խĸ쵰ð㣬˭뵽Ȼ㡣
ɣӸµظʮģʵ˼䣬ʲô
ٺ١ʮЦĿ˪tǰʱһһϺĸ˵һˣĸθ벻ǣҾںԶԶһǸ˻ص˼䣬ʵںýʲôֳԴϺͻܵ˼ˡ
ȷʵʮԵ÷ţ洳Ȼ飬ҪǽԼ⣬ʮԸ˼併꣬񶼵ٲֻصϺһˡ
Լ˼併꣬񶼾֪ҲΪЩ飬רһˡ
˪tĬĬߵɣ󣬿ëͷСӣСʵܵܣ˿У鷳ϺС̫ӣ
šɣûзϣĮĿʮģк֪ҶҪŵˣ̫ݣҲ۸һϣ˼ΪǾǲҶ𣿡


144  
⻹ԼֳһôظԼ ҲǿɣһôάһˣһˣʮĸӺʲôˡ
ɣȴĻᣬֱӶҲˣ ߣ Ҫ㣿
ʮĶʱ֪ɣ˼ ɣĻᶼ ֱӾҪߡ
ȻЩģ ɣĻ ǲòĶƳ˼ۣͱҪ뿪ˡ
ʮԺɣ鵭Ƴһ࣬ ȻˣʮˣΪǽģ ֻб̳֮ѰҶ
ȻǲԸ˪t£ һ
붼УҲΪ˪tס һΪĵԺӣ ˪tϲһԺӸոպá
˪tҲ˹ɣڣ ݽ鰲ź֮ ҳǰ
ȥǰӵͷ ӵ飬ûл
˪tɫ԰ףΪǵʱƻδȬصɣ˲ٵҩӲǿݽҩ£ɫЩɫϢȶ֮Űġ
Ϻ֮˪tһֱҪɺô˴ȥoɫٺʲ
ʲôʱɣϲ˪tӻʹ֮˪tǲɣٲš
֮˪tɣķУո̤뷿Уŵһ㣬ƽɣŵζرƣȴŨһЩ
ʱɣ̧ͷһۣϵĶȴδֹͣ
˪t߽һζŨˡ
ڵ㡣˪tԱ߶ǲ֪ɣ黹ƽϣзŵľϢ
ǰˡɣֱӽ׼õ̧˪tսţ㣬Ϊ˺˯ģһ䲻ϣ̵ġ
Ǽ̵ģ΢ɣĹ֮˪tǲˣЦ᲻ϣǲǿԿһˣ
ô뵽ˣﻹ˵ȥϺſˣһһ𣿡ɣǳǳһЦЩΡ
˪tú𾢣°ǳǳɣϣ뷨Ȼÿʱÿ̶ڱ䣬ǰǲ֪㻹㣬룬㣬ϲдһӣϣֻⶨȻǲ䵭
˪tɣ鴹ڼͷһ˿һȦһȦĲָ档
ͷģϸ壬һΪɣڵһ죬˪tôķ˿ָˡ
𾢣ɣҲûֹǺ˪tҪ£ض˪t㣬ϣģ
˪tһǳӣ룬鶼ɵ˼俪ӣȷе㲻ס
ҡҡͷһʱˣҲµ뷨
áɣӦһҲԵôܣͺȥ֧̯ӣȥѬ㣬Ҳǲԡ
˪tɣһ˿ڱᣬõ̫ã˿϶һ㣬˵ˮϴ඼ζһζûУֻе㣬ŵúܡ
˪tһɣͷͲˣ°͸ɣͷǶܿɣ۽µѪ롣
ڣɣϾƽһĨ˵а֮⣬˵úܣ˪tּ飬뿴ԭӡ
𣿡ɣôţ˪tϵ˿īڵͫҲɵɫͷ¶ССһڵǡ
ҪѰ˿ӣҪŴһˡ
˿ԼģһʱһӦֻ뵽˵֣ǱӻԼ顣
θȥɣԭӸ䣬۽µѪԵøӹˣ˪t鲻Խ֣Ѫ룬ɳ̵ÿẦ£ϲӣԭӡ
ָҲֻɣòԭӣɣǰûӡ
ֻԱ߿ţ˪t˯ݽһֱɣ߼
ʵ˪tϰһȣֻԪ죬ٹҹҲŵýˤϲЩ棬һֻذɫ棬һֱϵ㻭
ֻССһ棬˪tܿͻã֮ҪӡԼ˽£룬ǽ˽¸£ɣ飬ҵ֡
ţɣʰϵһ٣Ӳؿ˪tݹıʣһĲţҶ֣ûڿЦ
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˪tִ⽫ʵݸԼɣԥƬ̣ӲĽӹʣεȻɱڣԹһúõһ档
˪tʵ벻ɣ֣ôˡ
ʱɣϸдһֵʱ˪tϾɣͣ֡
濴˺ð죬ϳһ֡
˪tϿϵ֣ٿɣȫɣд֣ۡ
ɣ֪˪tʲô޹ֵ̯дģѾѹˡ
ɣ޹˪tĲǹģдǸ֣˪tҲûа취ӡ
Удֻ߻治Сɣ̯֣ǳ̹Ȼؿ˪t
ڵʱɣд֣ͺüͷˣÿɣ鳭飬Щü񿴵۾һۡ
飬ɣԸɸⷣվһ죬һ졣
˪tվԭؿϲҲ̶õ֣ܾòŷӦɣ֣һһ˵дһҶ֡
ҪǺһҶ֣һۿȥ޷ǡҶ֡
д֮˪tȤҿǹⲻúϰֻ֣ô͵ˣڲŻᡭš
˪tֱӴסʵڲ֪ôɣֻ֣Ц磬
޿ܣɣֱӽϵıʸ£ȫͲ
Щ껹ûдһ֣ҲҪдκζѾܼܿ飬͸˵ڻҪ֣ǳҡͷҾͲдڸдȻҶΪôȡΪأ
õģˡ˪t΢΢ǳЦȫ˵е뷨
ɣûע⵽ĵط˪tϵıʣȻ΢΢ЦỽһԣһЩ
ţɣɻؽӿ˹ȥոտȥ˪ţѸϻһȦ
ԭֻһɫȦȦǱɣһĨδɵīߡ
Ƶóѣ˪tŶӵЦèҪСèˡ
˪tôһǫǫӵģɣҲûϵôһ£ð㣬ˣܰˡ
֪ɣһᷴ˪tȾܣѣҡҿɴ򲻹㣬㲻÷
㲻÷˪tǱϻˡ


145  
յʱܿ͵ˡ
ӿʼﱸ̳֮ʱ ĮʹͿʼڷ䵫ҥԣ͵֮ĳ׶ҡ
˪tϵǴʲô⣬һ ǽҥԴ
ֻЩҥԴøһЩ վͻӹעһ䡣
ļ̳ɽ
˪t֮ϣ 붼ȫǵİնۼɽϣ 붼ܱߵİҲ׷׸ϵ붼 ɽ ɽɽ¶˰գۿһ䡣
ɣڣܽ꣬Ҳᵱһ£ ֮ϴ裬
Įŷӥɣֳͬʱ ҲĮʹСϵӥ飬дĮͼȫ顣
Ȱȶ˾ģҲĮһ١
裬 úڰӣ ֮ס
ӥ飬 ͼڷ飬ڴĮǴ֮ףϣ ĮľľѾȣ ˴̸ͣ ǲ̸ҲҪ̸
һ̳󺵵ý⣬ȶĮҲһ壬νһ
ߴĮʹ֮Ϊ˸лĸأԷǮ죬һ÷ǳ֡
ռݵϺҲɣ飬˪t֣ɣӲקҲҪȥ
Ҿߣ㻹ҲɣɣȤȱȱһҲ˶
˪t˼֮󣬻ĵ˵ͷҪ룬һҲ޲ɣҪݻ
˼䣬׳˰أݸĸҪ޶԰ݡ
˪tɣ˼ĸڲ˽⣬˵Ĺ۲ɣķӦ
ɣĲ֮ûа㷴Ӧţ鷳ײ㡣
˵鷳ǵϻһͺ
ϲֻǹһλϸ·ССλʲôʲô
ɣ鿴ҲһֱۣߵĹٹԼһƷ˿ϡ
ȥ֮󣬱ȥ״۸Ϳĺ˪tܿѾ˺ȫɣȥġ
˪tҲһҪȥһͱɣסˣ㲻ù
ɣ鿴ɻ㶼ҪΪʲôܹСʱĸҲҹΪֻз˻ȥ񣬵ȥŷ֣ҲҪΪʲôȴá
ɣ͵Ц˪tԵԼԼģΪ㣬㲻˵Ұݹˡ
ɣָ˪tĶԻһԵӷ·ȫһ㡣
ƣġӯ꾣š
ǡǧġӦ֮˪tȻ̧ͷɣ飬۵ɣ顣
ûɣǳǳһЦǡǧġдĵһƪ£һֱûǣÿʱеȫƪ£ڣ𣿡
һ̣ϵĺ·һһһͬһƪ£Ķơ
·ǧɣÿһ֮µĵ
˪tһ𣬻С
֣صڰݡ
ʲôµһݵʱ򣬾ɣѯʡ
˪tĵ׻شԣЯͬճ䣬Ӧ
Ӧ
ƮƮһӦ˪t߳ʱ϶ǴŵЦ⡣
ǳ֣żҲһ֣߳ʱɣһ۾Ϳ˵̯ӣɣͣ½Ųһ¡
˪tվԭ֮俴߹ԵĹһµңļλ
ﺦߴӵĽӹң͵͵˪tԽ죬ܿͽĺ֮ϡ
Ҷ
˪tվĺ֮£һȻࡣ
ݡ󹫣ô⣿˪t뺰£ʶǹ⣬Ǳװܿ͸˿ڡ
ϾžƱ˪tˬһЦû뵽ҲܿҶһ𣿡
ãԵƬ̡˪tָָԶ˵ɣ顣
ʱЦݾͽԭأ뵽ֻҪ˪tĵطֻһڣ⡣
ɣܿ˻˷ܵĽһ˪tġ
˪tӹ˵˲䣬ɣսɫһ䣺ղʲô
˪tһ㶣Ҿ㣬һʲô
ģɣ鲻ã֮һڵӵָ˪tСָһһ͸ĺ߾ɣָ֣Ҳ뿪һҶϺ߶ǣˣˡ
ҡ˪tһʱҲ֪ʲôʱǣϵĺߡ
źǣķĺ֮ϣɣ鵭ƳһۻãȻе˪tһüõߣȥҶԵλСӡ
ĺ
˪tʱһֲõԤС
ȻɣźҵľǸղڵǼ᷿ȥһԣǸղŵҵŮӡ
ߣǣŮӵСָϡ
ǿ˪tҸԲ˪tһۣǿ˪tԻɣʱ򣬻ԥˡ
˪tŮӾΨһս꣬һֱɽеУ´ҲŸոսӵ붼
ɣɲЩûõģһֱߣҿͷʣģ
ᵽҵʱɫ΢죬˶Լ䣬Ҹסӵǣף˵ҵӡ
Խ˵ϾԽߺ죬ǵͷҲڲסϵƬơ
ڶʢģɣϺǾֻͲˡ
ȻԵ͹ǮƵģʲôʱǲȱġ
ðɣЦһȻݵȥףĻǾֱӰ
ԴӱǿȰ֮ﻹҶɣְ㲻ӣɣķԸ̾Ͷȥ
ףʲô˪tһɣڵ飬֪ܲãǳĲãʻʱɣѹû
ԡ˪tһȥקɣ½ǣ̾ͱ˻ȥҡ
ʱСʦǩʱңܼҵӣСŮԵڡ
˵ʱ޵˪tתСŮֳҶǸѵõţһȻ棬һ˲š
ѾɣɫסС˵
С۹⵹ǲɣзȻ˪tʵǣˣҶ𣿡
ԣȫû뷨侲Щ˪tЦŽͣл¹޳ΩԸɽ֮䡣
ǡѾˡԼңףĻ˪tѾѾһ۵Ե
˪tǳϿҵԵƾһң
ʱ⴫һ߰ôװԵߵңԵԵҲ޷ǣϣǣˣǾԵʹˮǧɽҲջߵһ𡣡


146 ϲ 
ݴνף ǸüĿ꣬Ǹ߰һ˵Ե˻δ ̲סˡ
Ŷɣ۾ Ÿ߰꣬ Եߵң ϵУ Եң Щ
һȻҪЩµġ
ŶԵǣߣǾܿԵδɣ֣ҿ ҵԵںδ
껹ûôָʹˣǽִɣָ⣬ ʼ
ɣָûֳκκߣֻдźĵɫϢ
Ǳ̵һ̽ȥ 𾪵Ŀɣ飬Ͱ˵ǣ ģ
ֻǴɣָ⣬ ͸ܵ˷ǳǿ
ֻǷˣ˼ʿûôǿ ϵϣ һΪ ǿ𺳣Ǿֻ񶼵ĳλ
⵨ӣ½磿ɣջԼ֣ܲ˭˼
ٺһЦͷףССľϵͯϵľƺСķͰСĶˣײʵ飬顣
ɣϻǳֱӵѡ񣬵һѼùڶǣϺߡ
ûԵߵģɣҪ󣬷Ϊ
˵ֻһѡ񣬾ǰѼ
ͯɥһӣӣ񣬼ϣЩͯõӰ
ҡͯĿһۣǣϺߵ˪tС죬ҺǣϾ춨ԵϺߣǻԵȱ°
СȫɣĶɣܲͷЦԵ֣
˵ǺĺߣʲôߣֻҪԷ˪tǾȫǣϣΪϣԵϣû֡
ıƾᣬСͯɣӱ䣬Ը⣿͸תһǺȾƺɵˣϺۣȥϵˡ
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Ҳһܣ
ͷֶһɡԼһβҪͷ˪tҲ֪˭ˡ
飬Ҳͱ˳ףԵĲ֪ԵߣҲ֪Ϊʲô߾Ͳˡ
˪tڽţһ̾ͱɣס
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ͳɤҲڶ𣺡֪Ȼ£Ҳ֪ʲôҲ֪ʲô
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㵽˼䣬ʱҲֻңҴû뵽һ죬׳ɼңǸʱ򣬾ͲҪңͲҪңΪҵĳ֣˺ܶ鷳
ԭԼ˪tһסɣɡ֣飬ϲһǲزסġ
ɣ˪tľ䣬ţȻϲСͺϲСеҪˣκ˶ȲϣҲС
˪t֪˵ϲҪǴСлûôȴӦţҲϲԣһ۾ϲ޹ˣֻ˪tɣϲ
һָ⣬˪tСָϲŵһƺߣߣȻʲôãǿžͰۣϽ֮󣬰òã


147  
յСͯĴ飬 žƺϣ˲ѡ
ϵһѺ֮ҵһѲźߵļӣӶѾ¾ɲ⿴ӵģ ֪Ѽжûùˡ
ǣϵĺߣ ԵԵ ǣ˾ǣˣ ٻٴμ ԣ רżߵļӣϾûù
յСͯĴ֮ȫͯϵһٺң˺һһҵĺҵӡ
Сͯ˵ŭ ñ̴ͣԼԽӸ˹
˪tѾɣˣϼһƽ͵Ϻ
ɣֻϽ˪tĺ߸ ûΪ
ôƽͻûΪԼϻԼԼƻδѡ
׼뿪ʱɣͻȻ佫ϸס
п֨һкηԸ
ɣֵһߡ
ϻԼǲˣ ûԵ ҪҲûʲôô
ɸûԵ ǰԵߣҲá
þãϻôʲôɣ鲻ͷİϸ ú˵ǲ ñ𣿡
ϻһ ̸ɣһߣȻˡ
ɣ˺һϵԼϣһ˲˪tϡ
ͺˣҲϺߣպʲôԵңٱ߲ϡɣ鿴˲ŵĺߣǳ⣬һηֺҲܿ˳ۡ
˪tʲôɣֵ㹴ҿ㲻ʲôҲ
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򵥡ɣǳǳһЦﵽݣϵҪ˲ϢĹ򡣡
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˵Լô⣬˪tǣߣ庢һߣҴȥˣԼˣ
֮ɣ黹һǲŴ˪tɽеСľȥ
ɣĽڣСľеĶûб仯ֺҳûմȾ֡
Ϣһ֮˪tһԺȥڣһѵӡ
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˪tϴõĹױһ͵ɣǰɣɻһţҧһڣ̾˳ʲôôô᣿
˪tЦһùɣҧһڵĹӼԣЦ÷ģζɱ÷ҪضˣһΪϲġ
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˪t˼һ֮˵ʵҲ֪뽫ҿ㶼һ죬ɽµļϣһ֣ȫ㡣
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ڷ΢Щµʱ˪tͲִţɣ龿ڵλ
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飬ҲҪСġ
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ˮУҪɣˮЩˮֱõϵĻٲҪһƤ
ϼһԼˮ壬ôһȵ¶ɣܲƢҲһȭֱӴ֮ϣһ󷨾ͱԵ顣
밵㱾ͣ


148 ޤ 
󷨱Ƶ˲䣬 꺣˲ͱɱֱƶ֮¡
Ҳû뵽ɣô죬ϵ֧ŵʱһӡ
ʮıˮ֮УǰһŸջص ɣ̾׷ ٶ֮죬 Ҳʼδ
ɣ˲䣬 ʮ̿ϣ ɣ磬 ң
ˮڵˮʿҹ棬׷ȫɣıڴ֮⡣
ӣ㲻ұ һûС϶û¾ˣ ԽԽȥƤҪˣǱͺһ㣬 ƤҲˣ
ĺԽԽֱӽʮĵԼǰ
ǧǰĽѵ ɣϵԭȵϺһ޳ܣ һὫʮܡ
ɣȥʱ򣬲ҪҪڶʮĵܵʱ ֱ
ǿ˱⣬ ɣһץסʮĵļ ͽ˦
ˮɱֱ򶫺
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ˮȫǶˮʿˮΧסһֻССϺû취
ɣۿЩˮʿûոǺţˣնӱ
аɡʯЩͨͨЩȴŨ
ԵѾΣЩŹֵúܡ
ԼһƷʱ˪t׹ŹִӺζǻ
д˪tԻΣ˪tվڽ֮ϸĹ۲죬۲˪tÿһϸڡ
˪tҲڿ͸ԭһĿ
࿴۶ᱻȥ꣬⸱ģʹڣɫıԣѲԻ󣬶ƴӡ
ҲѹַĻΪԣ΢ǣƲס
˪tȶԼ侲㡭ôʲô飬ɲ⣬Ȱ㻹ǸϽߣˣͻˡ
ޤЦĿ˪tǽεҵȻ֪ҸȤ㰡Ȼ֪ڣŸǰ
ʲô˪tĿŻޤаɡЩлޤҲ޷뿪
ǶٶҪ˪t˲֪ٱ߸߲ˣʲô
һ޶Ŀޤһаģ˪tһߴ˪tһߵȻһݴ񡣡
ᵽɣ飬ޤ˷ܵòУЦĵ˵ѪûޤܻΣޤмźֻϧӲƹޤһۣ˵ǶӹػԻޤţݺֻ͸ˡ
˪tһֺܲõԤУǷһʲôпܡ


149 ֮ 
ޤгִĺ ֳһһƵĸڽ֮ϡ
ɡʯܹסЩȴסЩ
ճڽϺܿҪ͸硣
Ҷ
һһִֻ˪t§סѸ˿
īڵħֱӲڰɡϣ ɣӹɡ˲䣬 ֱɣڡ
˦ҵģ ɣ飬 㻹Ǳҵˣħһ ٴĵ
ޤϵɣ֣ Էųħ֮뿪ˣħţɣҲޤȥ
ɣϸ˪t£ ȷû˵ֺ֮󣬶ʱһѽסã û
ҴҵĸɣǵѪնûв谵ҹɫ֮£ ˪tһ̧ͷͿɣǵѪա
ˣ˵زأ ȥҪ˪ţֲɣѾ̵Ѫ һ۹С
ɣҲܸоĵһôҲ˦ȥ
ѾŬѹĵһ궯˪tһ㲻Ծ ׽ס˪t֣ С˵ż 㻹ûиҿơ
ڶʱɣţ˪tΪǧյƻһֵƻһ
ĵǻ֮ȥʱ֮Ǹ޷Ӱ쵽
˪tָһµŵݣô죿Ū𣿡
ݱֻǱޤĻζѣɣһȥܰŪѡ
ͬʱ䣺ȻǶС㣬ûá
ŸոɣȫͲ֨ԶԶĸ󣬾ԼĴڸС
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öɣ͵Цû㣬ҵʯΪɡʵǰҵıһǲֻҪãҶòôã֪ɣ
˪tɫ΢죬治֪˵ô֪
ңҾˣ֪֪ҪֲϲϲɱɱɣǳǳЦš
ߵɽʱͷԾΧŨħϢ
ħϢɣڣԭͲֵħӿ꣬ҪƲס
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ҪĻ֣ҲҪЩ˵ħָС
˪tܿ˲ܿ飬ȻԸϢҲܸܶ࣬оڿ
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Ҫ㿴ţħһħͻΪء
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Ҳϲħףħɣ飬˷΢ȴûжΪõ
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ӲϣɣǰǵõĹǵһΣԼݣԼλת
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ܱȫǱɱ˵ֵʬ壬ɫĻȼǵĻǣʹİЩĻǵİ
顭
˪tڲȷɣǰʲôֲ顣
ȷɣܲܲϳ
ԼģʺɫѪ˳
ħɣʶˣԶѪ
ѪȻã˪tһֻҲƣɣ顣
ѣ㻹ҪһؼңһûиһĳҲû㡣
ѣҴؼңһϺһ붼һӡ
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˪tڲϿһؿһʹצѾ͸ţʹĸоѸٱ鲼ȫѪӿɣɱӡ
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̴ŵһ̣˪tȸоģȻۣ¡
ԭ˽Ļǰͽеļ䡣
ԡ飬ң޷㡭ؼˡ


150 ʬ 
ؿڴ˿Խۣ ЩԽ
ԭ۵µʱǸоԼֻۣоۡ
Լצ͸˪t۵һ̣ɣƬ̣ Ƭ̣ ˪tץס֣ һʱѲ
˪tץ Цţҡң ôôɵ ۣǰң һЩ㣬ң㣬 ڣͲᣬźˡ
ɣ˫ɺ죬 Ƭ̵ĳ֮Ϳʼ˪tס ޷ѡ
ɣһֻצҲ̴̴˪tҼ硣
ۣ ˪t޷ԸоԼš
ѪĺѪ ӲǳһĨºͲЦ
¶𽥴ţ ˪tۣ ˫֣ɣӣԡٿ㣬㣬Ѿ㹻ˣѣɡ
֪ԼǻˣצѾ˵ڷţʹѾľ
ҧԼͷѪɣĴ꣬ԼѪǿӲιɣ
ѪɢħҲܽɣʶѡ
Ѫɣڵʱˣɣħİ
ħԼʶɣֱӣצٶڵ֮£Χһж÷顣
ʯһֱźںİ˪tǰһϱˣջ޼¡
ڿԵ֮£ʯѣ˪tҲצ˺飬ը顣
Ѫɣϣɺӣһ˲䣬ָƬ̵ƽҲôһ˲䣬ɣ·ڽ
ԡ顭
Ҳôһ˲䣬ܿʲôˣֻʣһƬźڡ
ɣʱۣǱ˺һۣÿһطûһƤÿһͷۡ
ۣۣûбĸо
Χܰܰûһ˿Ҳûһ˿ߵϢֻʣŨѪζԼʬǡ
еʬǶѻһ飬ѻɽֲһֵ壬һֵʬɲп飬һֱճɻҽ֮ûһʬܹġ
顭һѡ
֮䣬˪tĽ֮ڡ
ԣ
Լҹ񿴵˪tˣҲ
Ҷ
ҵվȥ磬ӵײײҪľݵķߡ
ովͿĺɫʯ飬ʯƬ
ʯˡ
Լ˫ȫǰѾѪ飬ﻹŨѪζ
ΣϾҵȴû˿ڣҲżȻʯˣҲˣԼϡ
ϲȱĵУһȣȾѪϡҶ֣˪tŵȡ
һϺһ̷·ȫһѪ۵ĵϡ
ûκα飬ˮȴߵһܿƵµ
ˮԤ׵ĳˢڵأգһ˲ѹǹգҹ
ޤթ黫΢׷һ·Ҳû׷һֱޤסŲ
ȷ΢ϵʱֻޤʬľ֮⣬ɽͷѾɣĽסڽ֮⿴˰ȴɣ˪t
ڽ֮գմ粽룬ȵɢ֮̾ͽȥɣ顣
ڽֻʧǵɣ飬һصʬ顣
л̻̲ڿѵʯʱķӦ͸ɣһ𾪣ʹҲҹо˶ôѪȲҵ顣
ɣļ֣̌Ͼһ˫ϣˮˢϣ̵ѪҺ峺ʺ졣
ϣϣϣ֮ȫѪˮˮô嶼岻
ЩˮиֵϢϤģ˪tϢ
ɱ˪tɱ
˫֣࣬˺ѡ
ɱ̫̫ˣ̫ɣ˫ϲ֪մѪǴӣûһʧ
ҶҶ
ɣţѵʯСŷ뻳УʬɽһһطңҲֺҵ
ɣˣȫʬҲ塣
״̬ѾӽڷħҪκӾܰԼ⡣
ħóľ͸ĵطӶƻٿ壬ɣ״̬ħõϡ
ϣ˪tѪòѹȥħڷٻָΪɣڵľõϡ
Ȼɣ΢ĻһһһʬȥЩʬѾʼã͸һֱ治κ
ɣˣˣ
΢ץסͽ˸ӵӲקţҵΣѾˣҵҲܻҪһ㣬㲻ֻħлɳˣԼѣҪٽԼȥ𣿡
԰ˣѾˡ
ɣȻ˦΢֣һЦ
ˣڶΣҾǸЦ𣿻ǧʱ䣬ÿһȥҲл֦꣬⣬˺ɹҪգջ
ҿڿ˵һһκ˺˺ңΪѶ΢ǲҲҺܿЦЦ
΢죬ͱɣݺݺǳ⣺侲޷侲Ҳ侲ҾǷˣ˭֪ɣǸӣΣҷ˶ã֮Ѿַ꣬ǧ꣬ټȥΣΣ
΢úݺһ̧Ĩһϲ֪ˮˮĮΣ㲻ҺһңҲұ㲻ٻصѨɽ
ɽҰȫǸֱ˺˭Ҳ֪һҹڽУɱ
ѪҺ͸µĽУˮˢ֮£ȫǸѪȵϢ
Ҫҵֳ֪ɼʬ̸ףȷǿ֮£ǲѾһ̲Ѫˮࡣ
ɽдӰҵҹҲֻҵһֱֻۣһͷ­
ֻʣ°һѾĭ
ǽֱ֣ű佩Ӳָ⣬һӣ˪tдµıʼ롣
ʣµеʬ飬Ҳһ
ɣһͷ­һֱۣʧǵʬɽѪУѾľ÷ֲ屯ϲ
嶼Ҳ롭
ɣ΢ţʱҲ֪ôοɣ飬ƲȫҲ޷ֱӡ
οɣ鱾ˣ֮Ψһ֧ŵִǧ꣬Żһˡ
ȴһʧһҲҲ
ȰɣҪ侲޷侲Ѷ
ֻеˣŻ֪ϣжۡ
Ҷǻؼҡ
Űͷ­һֱۻһȾѪˮľݵķߡ
ȼһɫĻһƬɽͷȼеʬ
΢ԶĸҪһʱ벻˼ɱ䣬ٴɱ񶼡
ǵľݣȻ֣ޤʬˡ


151 ׷ 
Ÿޤʬģ ҲֻǷˡ
ȻӵѨɽӳˡ
΢һŻһʬѣ ȥˡ
ɣ齫˪tľ֮ⰲᣬ ˪tķǰͬһܡ
ɣ˶ã վ˶á
죬 ɣڿ˿ڣ Է΢˵΢ ҡ
˵ֻҪɣ鿪ڵģ΢Ӳܾ
ɣ飺㵽ҼгɣҸɲһ ̣ħԨ̡
ܳܵס𣿡΢Ԫ ֮ҵܲס磬 ٵһʱ䣬١
áɣֱӴϷ΢ ֪΢ǵܲˣ һָˣħҲӦõָʱ ̰Ƴʱ
һǧǰ ΢ֳ ҲǷһ峤Ϊħʱɣ֪֮ʣǹħͻԶڳ
ǧǰ̽ħƳٷӡħԨ֮С
á
΢̾һ֮ǰ񶼡
ɣ֮ʱҲվһΡ
ʱɣҲûѾˣ㲻øߣȥﶼС
ͨһ¾͹ڵأؿͷڵأӴݲܣܱӣɸһˣǰϵãԶ˼ɼʢ̫ƽȫ

ɣ룬˪tȷʵں˼أҲӦ󣬷ȥΪɸ׵׳Ϊһͨķˡ
֮ʱݽ˪tĻȫߣĻӦø˿յĵطջɳ
ϺҪ̣ǿѵһ£֮ħԨ޷ħԨҲҪΧħԨ֮⣬¡
Ѱ̲ʮףѾʮףδͣ¡
ԭֻϷѾʼ̵ѰײͬѰװ˲Ƥ֮ˣֱ̣Ԫ
ʮײѾǼޣѾʮףڼ£ǲⵣģɣܲܳŵס
һɣҪ̴̣ҩȸ˹ÿһ£㲻Ĳһ¡
ʲô𼸺ҧгݣܰģֻԼ
΢ĵһֻħԨ֮ڣҽ˼䷢¹ħ飬ǣش
˾žŰʮһףųͣЪ
ֹ֮ͣҲɣħԨгվ˺ܾãҲһ˿һĶ
ļ֮£Ҫǲȥ鿴ͷ΢Ѿһ֧ԼֱӳħԨ֮ڵˡ
ħԨֻ֮ɣմѪһʯ֮ϣ۾оϢǲ֪
˶ɣ۾ģģͷ΢ڳԼ߹΢ŵüôˣطá
зɣƣǿ۾֮ûǿûС
Ҫʧˡɣ鵭ӦţûôױŪŻٵȸǧ꣬ܰʬ
ô仰ĹɣϢܴϵ˿ڻѪ
αôԼĵװһǷŻʵվ𣿡
Ȼܡ
ɣַľʯֻǼ򵥵վͺþȫɿʯ֮վȣЩˤ
һֱĿתĶһʱס̾վסͱǿһҩȡ
ȥ֮ɣƿԼӲߡ
ݺҧ㶼ˣҪʲôǲ㲻ԼĲݣ
ɣ黺ǰ棬ÿһѳȴûлشκ⣬ֻǽҪ߳ħԨʱͣһ½ŲתͷǸĺԶزˣһ죬һỻһˡ
ɣ鲢δٶ˵ʲôֱӾͳħԨΧ񣬾ҲڣǺôų
ǰһһɨʶû
ɣڻѪҲ֪ѪضԪˣǻǲ
һʱǰԷסɣ飬еΣ㵽ˣǲҰ·
Ȼɣ֮ĶԹҲǺ޼ɣ顣
ɣзųֶֻλãȴôҲ벻ɣ龹Ȼ񶼺һҡ
ںǧʱ̲ţô
ڷ΢ֳħʱЩɥҪɣ˵СˣʲôӶδ֪
ҲǴǸʱʼŷеĽ١
Ҫɣ黹ͬĸ츸ֵܣҲϽʣˡ
ɣ˦֣ҡͷҪһҪҪ졣
˵ձҪѰģ㵽ס
һ統񶼣зӡħʱһģһǵݺһ
㿴ˣҲ
֮ܿɣ˦һƣһֱͨ
ڹˣ껶֮£Ѿ֪ϦϦ
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ͻĶŵæӶڹ
֮ٷӡħľеҪʵѷɣҲơ
û뵽һù򿪵ţֿôһ޵Ļ档
ɣ鵹ҲȫûŻرܣʱѪ㣬վվȣԼʲô
ɫ԰׵ÿ£˲Ͼ˼ˣݲһɫۣǰסҡҡ׹ɣ飺ָʲô˭ܰôأ
۸ǳˡÿһο߶вͬӵˣɣİѹ˦ɨ֪Եˣ뿪֮һΣ
¡˽εεĻŹʱͻȻһ˻˺£˵Ȼвʡ
ɣ֣ӣʲô¶ûˣһ˦ͽλ˶⡣
ȫɾ֮ɣӻͳѵʯС̯ϣܸоЩƬ滹мϢڻǻó㿴Ƿپۡ
ʯӲޱȣҺŻѡ
һֿܣǾǣԶ֡
ɴ۾ʯ㲻ǸתˡҲ˵㡭
ͲټʣɣһˣܰŪģҲֻԼҲܲµʲô
Ҳûȥ̽ʯƬһֱɣ飬ɣˣմѪӶûüǰʯӵһҲûŪ֪࣬Ƕôʯ
һ˿죬ʯƵһߣͷżϵ˸ҪԳΪ񣬷ף׷֮µ˲ȰԼƵϢ֮󣬱ٿҲ١


152  
Լ˵жأ ɣͲ⣬Ҳһ
̬ȷǳȷɣûнϵƸãͲȥʯϵĲлꡣ
ķӦɣⲻ٣Ȼıˣ 㲻һ׮ţ
ǡЦһ ֻϿ˹˵Ӱӣ 㲻Ҫɵ ֱһģһ
ˣɣ дţ Ҳ˵ʲôĹˣùǣҶǣǵ񣬻ҪӱҵЩӰӡ
˵ʲôʲô΢΢ ԭϵ۸ɿ壬ɢ¶ƬƤ ܿǳöǶĺۼ
ֻзӡ̷ŻᱻǶϡ
ɣͷ ü·á
ղ⣬Ҳ֪˶٣ ڽˣ
ô˵ţ ʵʵ£ϣָһۼ˵ظ ٸԼһɫ ֱɣ顣
ǲǶ˵ Ա޳ΪĿĲֶΣ
ɣֱӸ˸ۣû޼ʮЦٲʵޱҪȿдĻǣٴξۼ
ʯٴƵǰǱٴƿˣˣٿ
ڣɣоֻʯĲл꣬ȫûзϡ
̾һһֳԴָת֮䣬һ޵˿һζ
գ۵ĹɣѾ¡
ۼֿ죬סɣҵԴϸϸÿһüۣૣֱǸһƤǺÿƤңҪɵҲһ
껹ŵذɣϱȥ
һۿҵı죬뵽ո飬ǹҲɫ΢죬һӽȫһ飬Žɣȥ
һˣƬ֪˶٣Ѿ͸֧ޣǶѾ𣬾Ӳš
ΪΣ֧һסԼԪɣΪɣ鸧ƽڵƺ;
һԪϵĹǶҲʹѾûиܹһʲôζˡ
ˣ͵ҲɵһذˡЦһתͷȥϵʯ
ÿһʯƬܸомĻƬЩлɣڣԪǧܾ۳͵Ļǡ
һϦ֮侹Ȼٴ֧飬һξͷ۲ѣҪôЩл겻ɢٴγΣ
ظ֮ûҹڰǰͷ۵˼˺ܾãһֱɣʱڰǰ
ɣͷȻԴЩģھѾͨ˲٣ؿڴҲû˳֮УǻľʹȴôҲ޷ѣҲ޷ֺ
Ԫ߲ϵĻƣΪˡ
Ʊ
ʹ֪Ϊˣɣ黹Ϊãü΢Ź
ͷ˯ɣˣһüɫҲ˲٣ҲͰ 
ʯڰϣɣ鼱æʵĻǻپ𣿡
ܡӦţƳɣ飬Ҫ᲻ˡ
˵ʲôۣɣɫһʲôۣһҪüؾʶ
ϵɣ㷴ӦӦţԭʯΪõļľӷѾ飬ֻѰѾԼԪǧ꣬ҲֻԼѪһΪл֮ȻԪٹİֻ꣬ء
ɫصǾһֻˣĻǱһǲֻأͳɢһһҲٽ
áɣԥֱӾҪ뿪ȥ
ȵȣջԪɣǰѾϵһڵĺߣЩãз԰ϵʯ֮ĸӦ
ɣɫһؾҪ
ջ֮£ֿסɣʯǰҪˣǸ֣֮Ҳܵɣ֮ǰʹҲҪһֲĸܡ
Ҳ˵˪tǰʹÿһյǸʱҲҪһʹڻת֮ǰÿһնҪܣ㵱治⿪Լ𣿡
ڣɣʹǵʱ˪tǰʬǵۡ
ǰһֱѾɣҵĲĿ
Ҹŵġɣ˦֣Щ۲ˣʹȴޱʵ˴֮£ֱӽԼҲˤ˳ȥݺǽϡ
ѵĳʹֱˣ˻ԶҪѰ
ǳǳҡͷ̾οΪԼԼȥ˵һҲ֪飬𣿡
˰ɣԼһЩȰţɣִֵҡͷ
ִֵùֱǰ£Щ̫ңԶѾԶѾˡ
֪ȴִֵУϡģӰӣ壬ҶҪΪǸ˵ĺˣһķ裬һĿһִ֡
ڰ֣Цһˣǳˡ
ɣΪʹüʣˣͳͱĹƣҪɣҲһΣֻһһҲ޻𣿡
޻ڣɣû˼ֱӾӦ˹Ļ
˻һ³һõģҲһĻش𡣡
ɣȻ̧ͷŹ뵽֮ĹǶԪеϢ
ԪˣҲܸоԪеϢڤڤٵϢһҰԵˮ
һĽƣΪգҪʲôۣ
ɣĻǳǳЦȻҲҪֵһЩôȴҪʲôҪ
վֶΪյ±Ѿ̫࣬ǲǱڵظĵ£ǼϵĽƽˣٺò
ɣֱӳ£޷ӦУǹ½ƣȻĵȻ׽⿪İɡ
֮ǼеӦá
㻹ǼǳСĺúӡ
Сӣɣ黹ǵһ˸ôƺ񣬲ҪûǴĻȻسĵһ飬ǼȷʵϹʱھѾڣ㰴㣬ҲֻС˳ƺǲǲ̫ʣ
ɣѾɫͣѾЩǷɵľѾȥˣ㿪ʼЦسĵһûǲس֮ǰڡ
ɣĶԣС֪£Ȥ


153 ʹ 
ɣȥһİۣûȤ 
ֱָ֮ӰѹƿͷҲص뿪ظ
֮󣬹ȼɫĻ棬ȫڡ
Ĺ̺͹׷״ӹڴڳ æ 棬 ô޷ һһҪѹճɻҽļơ
վڵ⣬ ȼյ ҲûаҪȻ˼ֻΪεҡͷ̾ǷֺãæǰæסҪա
˵ظɣֱӵ񶼣 סɸϽԼһˣԼĹѪƳһСɵĹǵѣΪл
ǿɸȥ ̺٣ɸѾ̫ûɾסºɶ֪һɸ
⵹Χɹ
ոշɵĳְ ˾Ҳоķǳ棺Ǹ ĸɸôŨǿһ
֮³ְҲȥ  һ ʱ򣬾Ȼôǿй
û ˾Ǿѣĸȥ Ļ ǸκζҪȥ档
˾û˵þ壬ڳְлǺ棬ϵ֮󣬾ĵ˳ȥ
ԭ̤һǣһµɸ
ɸͥԺһþ޴Ŀ
ȥͣ˽Ų
Զľ룬Ϳһ٣֮һ¿һ̾ͱͻȻֵİšԴ
һĻóְþòܻΪʲô˾ǾѣطãҲܺˡ
ʲôȥ
һº𣬳ְŵһ飬ͷһҲһæ񣺡μ񡣡
δδüֻ˵һ䣺طԺˣȥ
˸ոһĻ֮󣬳ְ궼ŷˣӦšǡ
һɸӭ汻һٵʬ壬ɫĻڷʬ
üôɱ񣿡
ɣߵϸϸϴѪµػش𣺡ǼסҲýǲҾ̤㣬οǴ
ɼң֪ǼɸĽأҲ֪԰ϳȥͿԣѵҪɱ˲ſ𣿡óѾѹԼŭˡ
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㡭ȴ磬һҲδͻ
Ϊǰҽ⣬ὣᣬۣɣεûС
Ժѧ˽մĵһѪɣѪ˵ĵһˣɣ飬޷ȴ
Ȼ磬ֱӽҩʯϣȻ㲻˵ǾˣʲôҪȥУѰ˲ͬҩǷˣԸԸϢԼһ¡
֮ʱ̲סͣ½Ųɣǲ԰㲵ӣεɢ֮ǰǣҵ㣬պչ㣬ֻǲʳԣΪ֮
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ɸķɣ૵Ȼϲ˼䣬Ҿ˼㡣
Ӵ˼õ붼У۵ڣһйѰӣһꡣ


154 Ϻ֮ 

ӹļ߳ ɣþòƽϢ͵˾ӡ
ҶBǰ
ɱģ
ӡпһУȫôʵȴ޷ܡ
Щ 𣿡
˾֪ʲô ᷴӦô ֻʵʵĻش𣺡Щ ʵġ
˾һɣ飬 ûҪŭ˼Ҳͷˡ
һף ɣ˼˻
飬
ĵͻȻֵ޷˼þеһУֱָķȥ
ҶBֻҪ˴ɱĶ ɣҲû취վĽǶȣ»СС»ˡ
Ҳûɣ ɣ鲻ڣϺ顣
ֻһ֦Ѿɵ壬ҶB⿪˽ƣ ʹʵ̫ ܷӳ ʮһ
ҲûӲӲֻҪǳ֣ôĿľʹﵽˡ
ҶB ɣƬ̶ҵ ֱӾ͸ϵҶBߡ
ҶBܳŵȵɣ־Ѿܳ վŶվȣңңλϵȥ
ɣ鼲۶ʱҶBסŵŭźϵļλǴˮʿ۸㣬ȥ˺ǣ
ڴܶһ棬ɣͲµģرǣԷڶҶB֡
ҶBסɣ飬СȰѽ˺ˣУֿԣһ
Ŷܰȫ˺ʱɣʧҶBվվȣýȥȫ˺Ƭһ
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157 ۾ 
Ҷϲţ ҶBĴŪһһĿܣΪ˼䣬 ֱһꡣ
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159 ߴһ
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160 һԪ 
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ɣڱһʼͲûһԪԼʣµĲ ҵ̣ ûҪԼȥ
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161 ħԨ 
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һƣҶBǳˣô֪۾᲻ٳ
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162 ޼֮ 
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163 ػɸ 
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֪ģ ؼϵģҲֻϹʱھʹڵļ
ɣڼϥ³ɳһǰģһɣ ƺֻ͹
ûʲô飬 ˽֪ 뿪ظ Ź֣ ô룬 Ҳ뵽ܵħԨȥ
ɣַŰħԨģϹűΪ ֮⣬ܺ׵ģ˭
̨ ԭԴϹʱ˾̷
ϹʱڣķΨ˾սıսǿ ξ˾̷
ϹŻ֮٣鼸 ʱԭΪֻм δƿǶ۴û뵽ķеλ Ҳڡ
ܿ죬 ħԨȼɫĻ棬 ӣ鲼ħԨ
ض˼Ҳңǵһɣɸܿʹȥˡ
ħԨӴ󣬵ɫĻҲʱ
Ϩ֮һµĳ߮޿ɸ֮⣬űɸĽ֮ڣǳǳˡ
ħԨ߮޿һɱδǹɱŨľɣܵʱҲ𾪡
ӳ߮޿ɣ黹ܵħҷǳŨ߮޿֪ɻ󣬽͵ˣȻһѪɱħԣΪ档
˵֮䣬ɸڣܱ׺βɣΧڡ
ʹɸѾɣýΧסǵβʱǹɴܹƽ磬ɸӡ
СȴǧѰ𣿡߮޿ֿɸڵľ׺βĿ顣
ɣһǿ棬Ҫ͸Ű׺βش𣺡ֻҪ֪ܼһٵ꣬Ҳȡ
Ǿ͵Ȱɡ
߮޿ǳЦźˣɣɸʱͻȻϮȥ
ɣķӦǳѸ٣ڳ߮޿ֵһ̣̾ͷӦѸȥܿ߮޿Ĺ
ֻ˿ȫûҪֵ˼ǳɻĿŶԷǰΪΣ
ᡭҪͣȴ߮޿һ˻ȥ
׳߮޿˼ĬĬС㵽Զš
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ԭˡ
ɣֵ÷ǳƽֱ̯˫֣ǰ˵ǣαر֣ҪȡԪ˫ַϡ
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޾ĺڰУ֪޾Ҳ֪δһɵ㡣
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