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1 
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3 
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ҳЦЦûнӻ

شں֮ϣƻɾ
ʵϣҲȷʵǸ츣ڡ
һؽ磬˱ܸо棬֮;еŨֹ
ԶԶ
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ӼˣæǰΪ·ǳڵʦ֣
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˵ǰƼλʦ֡
һϣĿǰϴ˸תܿͬһ㶼ۡ
ǳڣ
ǰͽ֪һλûС
ܹŵӣĹ֮Ӧ˵ġ
˵һڳڵɨЩǰ쳽־ĵϡ
ӵУڽ̤ʱž
Ŀģ׵Ľһǣ°Σɫ·ʣԣǳӳϡȫġ
ʦ𡣡ҳ۽΢˲ǳǳһ

һγѣ׷Ĺά
𡣡
𰲺á
ɸʤǰ
˵ֲ꣬ע⵽ŵʦ𡯵ˣֻ米ͦñֱվţͦԴȣǸɣΪ͡
ʦͽ˴ʱһǽηָ
ߣ䵽ҳϣһ䣬š
ʱҲعһ񣬲Ҷ϶Էɰò𣬸ѵȺʱ
ʢỹδʼŽ֮Сۣŵӣ˷ס
ҳڵӸһλӣǰڵס᷿
ųĻȥ͸οյĵ񻭣Կ׳γɵĸɫע꣬¥С
еӾ
Ǻ¥·Ӷǵ
ɫʵľԡ
·ͣ£פ͡
ҳҲǵһο׳Ȼ࿴˼ۡ
Ҫһʯ˵¶ȡ
ڴ

ҳѰ˸ڣһɽԡ
ɽʯڱΡ
ɫʯģ˷ɢС䣬ôû
Ϊʵūʵϸ
ҳɤѹ˼֣е䵭ˣкηԸ
ġ͡һȤ
ĩˣоģϡ档
ҳ
ݣǺ
һ˲ֻЦһβ΢΢˹źһС䣬̽ң
˵⻰ʱûѹˣԳƱˡ
ҳ⣬ʲô
һûԽҪһ˿һƽ޲
Ȼ̬ΣЦĻش͸ʯҳĶС



4 
ʣϰ
ԣҳƬȻʵ벻ϰҪΡ
õȲĻظҲɤЦ˾ͿЩ
ҳ̵Ӧһ
ݲǼٵģϵͳͬĻòλ䡢ʻ䡢ȻʣµĽԿ
ǻʱҲǻġ
ҳ˼Լ˲²⣬̲ס˱䡣
ں壬ͨȻ֮ã㲻᲻֪ϰԭҲǡ
뵽⣬ҳ̽˼ɫƽ뿪Ƭɽ߻سڶڡ
ȥʱǻڷǴ͡
ƻãֱ˼ɾ
ˣд˳ν֪ӵҪ
һЦţۼ⣬ҳ½ʦ֡
ҳ߽ͷ
Ÿո½ʦֲڣûв֮Ļ⣬˵ʦֵǶۡ
ҳš
·Ӱ쵽һԺ䣬λԶʦϼիСһԱߵİٻ¥Ҳɹʦǹ͡˴ǰŵʦ֣ˡܾ㣬Ժ磬ʱΪλ·
·ӣиѡ䡣
ҳѡ˸ӣ˷ţ׼ȥǸ
***
ճϼիҳţ½˱仯
ԭδѵľٺøǣüۼһ˵ζһֻ֮ޣ޶͸䡣
ڶɢĮϢһǧ֮ᣬȻȴε˵ý
˵ģǺࡣ
ìܣޱȻ
ҲᱻУΪūԭ
ֻᰮˣԽڲͬԽǳڵģԽܹۡ
ҳͬĽӴУҲˣῴȻȫڶԷʢգóܽǡ
ŵһ֮֮Ľͽ
գݷλãڵԺȥ
һаŵģһС˴õüΪסһҲʧʵݡ

ҳʱС⿴صһʱͷڿ˺󣬶֣ˡ
šһ̵ĵڷ¡
پܳ˵ˣµʱˡ
⻰ҳüĿ䵭ֻһ̧֣Ρ
״ѸС
߽ȥһۣһŵҲΨˣñ¾õˡ
ǰһݵĵͷ˽˵ˣ
ȷʵҼˣ浱ͬ
䣬ͬʱСڿۡ

СһƬ÷֣÷使ޣ򺬰ţ̬Ž²ϣڱĵ磬˿˿ҳꡣ
̤СĶû˿ͣ١
šϵ÷ҳķֺע⡣
˪ˣһϮɫģ򵥵ĵɫճݵߡ
һЦڶ࣬ʹ˽΢١
ҳĿȥ
ֻһɫӰӳ
ôÿ÷С䲻ϲ
糺Ŀ˴÷
ֻ估ԷԶѣɢķ˿ɫа˳ⴹ£һϮϣɫߵ׺ۣ߼ڿлâҫĿ
ҳ̧ͷ߶ϡ
续üۼ䣬ŵЦβһ٬Ϸʣȴḡ
ϲҳڣü΢΢£˼֣
Ļش𣬷㲻⣬ķ¶ʧˡ
˵ţģһ˲ϯķ
÷ʱҳüšøһ¡

ڡ
ջ̯ŵģ٩ϳСǿķǡ
ûСҳϣ΢һļơ
ŶüңǳЦڣǲϲñʻǡ
ҳŴ¹죬ˣǡ
ߡ
˵꣬ѴϣԸǰǸ棬ǡ
ȷʵۺ񣬼֮дڵȵʿԪӤڡ
ҳΪ˴壬ΪͿ̿
һ仰зһʱ䣬ĿЩζԭЦ
ҳֱԾĻѹ
ʵԼڹάĻ
ͣв֪ʱһȣ߽˸ҳЦ
һˣ˶Էϡ
ҳ΢ףŷ㡣
ֻū˫еĺۣڹɷǺÿ˵˿Ȼǳ÷ɫһ
֮ľ뱻ֻ
Ӹ£ҳ۵ףҪ˫޲̽Щ
ֻ꣬㿴˵һ䡣
⡭

ҳٿغһ㻹Ǹƣȶδջأ˿̼˿룬üĲ£֣ȴҲûзŭ
²δʹҳ
㡰šһûУ
ҳ˵һ飬ûС
˼ˣβһãýбѧһѧ
֪ԷѧϰҪȻϣҳ裬ʱʵΪΡ
Цˣ̱ǡ
ҳɫ˳㻹ΪԸ̣˵
ֻҳֺϣЩݣûٿƫͷˡ²ܴ
Ըֻ̣ǽϰḶ́ͱ뽫֮ʹʵڲţޡ
һڡ
¿壬ǶԸΪ
ˡ΢䣬ȥ
ҳ¸ˡ
ϣʱ·۷
ʱʱڡ3͡5֮Ծ
߳Сҳ˿ϼիȥ

⻹Ƿͷһα棬źŮǰźʱδھͱˡ
Ůæ£䣬Ƭ̺λӰȥ
½ѣλ֪ΪΣŮȥߵλǰһ䡣
ˣ˼º󣬱鶼̫
ˣŮʡ
ǰߡ
ŮĥͲӦˡ
ҪҪȥ˹£˸
ԣŮЦΪ˻Щ֮£Ҫ֪˿ǲϲЩڴźĽǶ˵ƺЩ£ԼĪǶԼݶ

ҳصϼիսϵͳʾ
+5
ҳһ٣㿪ϵͳ鿴ֻĽһԭġ5ˡ10
ǡ
ҹˣ


5 
ϵͳڡռһ͵ġ10λεĸҳǵûľܾŭһ¾ˡ5
룬ͻȻűмһ½ʦ֡
ҳصϵͳ壬߹ȥţֻվſڶЦһ£ʲô𣿡
½ʦ֣λʦֵϢˣȥٻ¥ҪҪʹһ𣿡
˵һ˵һ߽ˡ
ҳþܾżһǰٻ¥Ķ
ٻ¥ں룬߸ں棬Ƽȥһժ
ЩǱʹطվ¥пȥʱŰٻʢģٻ¥˼塣
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̿ۻ֮ʣֲզࡢ˴εĴֱʡ
ڵӸ£һٻ¥
ɫ⻮Զмλʿˡ

ĺҡ
дĴУĺԻΪ𣬸һϮҡУϻƵĺ̽־עΪĿ˲֪
ǵĺעֵܵһԺ󱲱֮ãС
ҳԣĿȥ
ֻĺҵһˣѾ˰ٻ¥ռһ
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ɵĵӣҼҹӣһӼڱ֣ǰһ㿪ڴʴʵ
һȣԭŵĳڵӷ׷վ
ԭ׼ҳһͬһ壬⻰Ҳסӹȥ
·ϳڵı־ǰԣЩȻǹġ
Ӵԭǳڵӡ
վűӵȺ£Թ˹֣ĺأһᡣ
̬ȽףΪװǻơ

˿˿ҳ
ĹŵӣΪݣҪһʦֵģҲȫ֪ĵ̬
ҳڳڳǫڽǰǹ˳ʱҲһĺػһ񣬡ĺӴ½
ȻҳŸճڣĺزδ𻰣ƫͷͬǰ˵̵˵һȻܹϲ𣿡
ЦӦȻᣬѡĵطȻӿ϶ϲ
̵ĻĺЦ
ĺҵĴӡԷʱ֪˶Էݣ˿̴յҳߵ˵š
뵽ʲôֲмɵĶ˶٣ĺȻϵΪסܡ
ҳȻ˵ͷ
Ӷ˵꣬һվŵӲԹɫǰǼҹԺҪ˹óһá
ʵʲݾܾ
ǲҪ̫֣
½һԵĵƢ̫ã嶯ŭʦܣĺҡ
λͣĴһǲܵǳڵӣҲֻǵӣͬҹӱȲá
οĺĺҵĴӣݸӷͬ졣
ҳ΢ɫ΢ɲһ˲

ĺһм״ΪȻֻǲһȺڵͨӣ·ִ顢ҲҴ˵
ӣȻӺܿ͹ˡתͷ
šĺؽŲڵϣ˵½Σ
ĺشԣаٻ¥ȫҳ
ҳ̧ۣɫ糣ȻĺҪٻ¥;ڳţʦֵܵȻڴˡ
½ѲΪڵӣĺسߣü۰衣
ҳ⻰Ưȴ˵ĺҵͷѹˣǲò뿪
һ֣û˵
ֻȥʱַ߷ɨĺҵˡ
ٻ¥⣬ڵվһ½ȱﲻסǿŵ½ʦΪҪǣǰٻ¥ֲĺҵģ
Ȼո½ʦֵǷȷʵû̫ĺӣҪҲýԷŵӵ֮ƣǰѰٻ¥˳
ίʵﲻ̫̹
ҳü۵ʹ
Եļˣ˵һ䡣
ֻҳƬ̺׶ų½ǲĺҵģҶ֪翪ʼһͬĺѯһ
֪ۡ˭Цһ̶ǽӶĺЦ
ҲشŪˡ
ҳûеʱͬĺضţȴºȥĺҪ˵ڴĺصĺҴܳ裬Űټҵ棬ĺҲιȥ
***
ҳ
ڳ˶֪ʱǷܵһ
˵Ц½ͷҳ˾䣬½ʦֶԲ˵ˡ
½ʦУݣ
ҳЦЦ
˳£ҲǵһθɣʱӦòӲ
½ʦ֣Щ⣬Ĵָ
ĺصʱΪĺĳ谮ʲôʧȴǶ˵ġ
һǵŰټҵ棬룬ʱĺصı϶ޱȣš
£Ǿֻϼի翪ʼͺá
һϼիķߣ̤ӭһˡ
һϮŵ޳ԵЩֱͦ겻Ⱦ죬˫ǹҫɫ̲סֿ
һӳģʵټȻ½ʦ֣Ҽ֮òҲסơ
ע⵽ϣǸ̽Զɽͼڣȫ㶡
ӾתΪ䵭
һĺҵˡ
ҳҲ˿ȥɫһ
Ȼ

ߣȻһۣûϳҳ׷Ѱ޹Ԥ֮ˣ߼зȵĶҳͷ̬Ϊƽ
ֻ뷨ȴȻͬ⻹Ȼͷһյ˶ġߣʵ׼ΪΡ
ţȻҾλǳڵĵѣĺȻˡ
ǫѷ̬һҲƽ˸ղŶĺûһ˵ƫһ
ȻԷĺȻļһ㶣Է
ĺȻ
Ǹ϶Ҫ֮ΪͽĺȻ
ҲвŹ£ȫʼźۼĴʱʱ״ƲҳƲȥһۡ
ؼʱ̣ǼǣҪȥĺعӰɣǰİٻ¥ȥɡ
⻰һӾ㶼¶˷ŵ顣
ԭĺҪģˡ
뵽ĺ֮ǰᵽġȻܡӦǰ˾Ųʮˡ
ȻĺȻ¶һ΢Цһ񣬡л
ȻһΣȻõĻӦ䵭ˡ
̶һ˲Ͳ̬ϵת䣬Ȼ²⣬ȴҲöʡ
˷ֿҳȻ࿴һۣĿһ΢
ΪҳΪϴģ϶ԡĺȻӡ󼫺֮ջ¶񣬱ûٶ˵
ĵӸ֪˵Щʲôãֻи̣˸ͱȲ½ʦ֡
ĺҳģ϶òȥ
˵

صϼիҳصŴ𷢳ߣڿкһץ
̯ģһƺɫС
ǷţȻץġ
Ϊ̫ͣ
Ϊħʹġ躮ȴǿõġ
ħ
ȻȻϲħҳָľ£
ɫħ飬ƮɢڿС
һ̣һ
վ߹ȥһֻƳɵֽ׷˽
ҳٶȹϴֽץָ⸲ȥע
ţֽ״ӰɫתΪɫЮһٵƣŨŨħֽħڿֳһ֡

ȻȾħʱҳ;ԣ΢뵽ʲôֻʹŵĴʯ̣һ˳
С䣬⡣
ҳҪ֮ʣԷǱѾû
ܿ죬ķֱ졣
½ʦ֣ѾμСۣȥ
Ǹڽߵĵͯڴ
ҳͫ΢䷢
꣬µһ䣬֪ˡ
˵գͷƤˡ
˶ͬһʱ
ҳá
ϵͳĲӦǻ
Ƿ


6 
ʲôҳ²⣬ǡ5ĽйأǰϰӦˡ
ħ𡭡
ħͬĹϵ䲻ǶȴҲ롣
ҳڴ֮ǰ˽⵽ԼӴ½а֣֮ʿվϵġ
ħ巴֮
ʶ˴εʢᣬħ岢֮У˿ħ⣬ٵġ
ҳüָֽķº󣬽֮߬顣
ЩߵűߣջǾѭͽԭ򡯡
ȥ
ϾʦĹͽܡ
ˡ
ֻһˡ

ĵͯţҳʱֻһ½ʦ֡
ҳЦ߰ɡ
ʦ
á
ҳͷתѷŹغãŵͯϼիȥ
***
ΪλԶĸŰŵסһ¡ȺΧĵ죬¥ΡӳںУԲŽ̹â׳ǳ
̤⽨Ծϸһ֮쳽Ĵ磬˼ֻҡ
ɢľ°ڼǽĿϾӡ
СͯڽЩ£ͬҳϤʱҲʲôʱ쳽Ҳô
˵һ룬СͯӦԣ֪ʧԺæ졣
֮ףôܺȥȽϡ
֪Σҳӹͷڸǹȥ
ͯʦܿˣԿľ᰷壬֮˴Ҳǲضá
˵᰷壬ʵ˳ķΪݻһ壬쳽塢ԪĶϪˮȣǿҪݵöࡣ
Կ߰ռ鱦ģ᰷壬ûһǶѻŸĵر
ϵһݣѵõƷֲ
⻰
ͯڨڨı飬¶һɫ
Ϸǵֲбޣǿǵģ;ᱻǲǰȥժȡЩֲЩ޴ִãԹĽ
½ʦ˵ǡͯ
˵ţסˡ

ͯԺͣ£½ʦ֣ȥɡ
ãлʦܡҳӦ
ʦֿͯ˰֣²ɰ̾ѹ£½ʦ֣ǫǫӣ˭ϲֻǡ
뵽½ʦ֮ǰһ˵̬ȣͯ˵ͷԸˡ
ԣ½ʦΪŵӣġ
ҳ̤ԺУԽһƬػţŨƶһ˿ŵľϮ档
̧Ŀȥ
ֻһ⣬ʯʣһ裬ˮ׵΢Σâת
ʦ𡣡
ҳԶã
£Զƻ类ţºƫͷ
ҳ߽˼һһ٣еĳֻһ䣬ʦ𡣡
ᡮšһˡ
ʦеǰΪ£ҳʯվ⣬ŰˣĿһ˲˲
һյ裬ʯһˣԡ
ҳʱ¶㵵飬ɫ˵Ǹҵ𡯡ʦȻΪˡһĻ
ЩЦ忡üۼ京ǼЦ⣬ڣ£ΪʦĲ衣
ǣʦ𡣡

ҳŲȥºСĶյһһ͸ϧ
Ȱɡ
עҳʱǵĻȲԾ˼Լδ
ҳ͵ͷһΩǴӵơ
Ȼһ˲ĿһƬľ
ҳˮǺˡ
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ҳȵᶼˣۣȴڽɲǣͽȻһ
ĲȻٶ£ͣ֡
ĩˣֻ͵͵̾㰡
ԼǺˡ
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˻ȥҳҲֹס˿ȣ׳ȥȻǵ̫ˡ
Ϊҿԣ𱡺죬β˿˿ˮ⣬˿΢΢ۿ
Ƭֵ̣˱裬ŵǰЩȡ
ҳ򴽣ڰշŵĳ󣬵ʦݹĲˮȴһζ
㡣

滺Ŵ
šҳӦԹԵ衣
һСһСڵąݡ
Цſ꣬ʲôҲû˵
ڱв豻꣬ҳ뿪Ժ䣬ʦͽĸ飬ۿɼ
12.12ԭϣˡ1
Ȼͷβδ˵ȥΪ£ǷҲҳУؾͯԤϼի顣
뿪ºѰһ˵Ľ䣬ʱ㻯ģСȥ
ʺħ֮䣬Զҷһš
ֻгһ·ϤİɫֽױһȦʹҳͣ½Ų
¿һˣȥһѾסֽף߬ġ
ֽţҳüۣǵת˽Ų
ֽ׵ǣŶǰС
ʱõݡ
֪ҳϵϢûҲʡ
ҳгû˳

߼һƬ͹ƽĽʯŵǸ̬ľʯʮ׳ۡ
ҳվһȥ
μһӰȥϹϾĶ
ħ㶼ϲź£ʲôɶɡ
ҳƳƳ͵šüһ̧ϻ˵ģ
Ӳҵħڵķλ֪˵գԥڷŭ
ˡ
ҳ˻ˡ
ǡ
ɢһ˲̵ոԼĪɵˣẦŭʱ˭˭˵ء

꣬ҳǵλɹϹŵӡʹūԼ¹ҽҲͬʱ˲ǵ顣
ҳһӦԷ
磬Ӷ˷ԣǶԷɵͽܣ˳ɡ
ѪħҳǡԱƱ
ҩͰյһЧ໥ըȻƳζͶĻ˻г
Ӧ㣬͸Ϊ򵥡
һֻϲĻˡ
***
˵Ը񸹺ڡżࡢ粻ЩȴǼãҳܹűϵһˣЩš
֪ȥʣ˴顣
һҲȷʵҳãǿϲ˵ģپɫֻ͸ŹŹ֡
ȻҲ㲻ʲôϡˣҪϲɫΪβȥϲ
ҳΪȻͱȲϽ
ӡ
ڤ
ǿصڤףӵϵδ֪
ҳʱͬûжӴֻܵȻעҲ᳹ûдڸС
ȷ˵
ħڤһҳཻ̫ԣδ֪˵䡣
ħڤͬ㲻һԸྶͥ
һߣײ֪ܽ̽Ҳ޿ɺǡ
ҳ֪㡯ֻȫƾԷǲزסҫ˼
嶼֪䡣

ΪѪ֮Ϊ׷ϲ
ܹ干һԭΪ
Ƿˡ
֮Եġ
ħǲ꣬аڤȻ˶岻ڽ֮С
ҳܶԴ˱ʾʲô
˿̵ħʹ躮
׷Ѱħδɢһħҳ˳ħָħȥ
תħȻ࣬˵ħ
ҳҿ˿ܿ죬ħɢ˲١
Ǳħ˻ȥҳĵ
Ϊδ£ҳƬħֵ򣬱߱ߵ
ȻԱ΢ƽ
һ룬ɤŶϴŵ׾Ϳɱ֮
ɡš١ҡ
һһӳݷм
ҳһ˲ǰӻ˼
Ϊδħ緢뺯⡣
ħΪҪϯʢᣬҲѲµ

ĬΡ
ҳ룬ֱԵ¹½Ϣʯ
ϢʯڲϵϢǴ޽ɻ·ܷһ˿ǸܿϸϢı
˴ʢĴǻ½ʶУħҪڣҪ
й¶Ϣġ
㰲ȥ
ħһ仰Զ
ħɢȥɲǣһߴӰ֡
ͦΣǷĿ޿ޣһ˫ü߹ԣɫĹ⡣
ܶġ
ҳ̯ǳħģĵָ޳𪣬֬
ħɢһ񣬹⻬ޱȣ֮ϸ塣
ҳݹȥ
Ϣʯħġ
˿ԭ
ħɨһۣ꣬ٽ㡣

ҳΪʲôҪõϢʯǰ˵
ħ˵꣬δ𻰡
ԡ
ҳҪǱδ˻ɣһݡ
ȻôȥڸסϢȫ֮ߡ
Խ
ٿȻµһ
ҳ
ħû˵
ҳߣƵ½ǲ˸ĺϣԲԲһ㣬
΢ϵͳ浯˳
ֻѹϵһˢ£򿪺·ǡ
ħħԽ
ħԽ
½֪ħģûмҲһҲޡ
ȴһҳ
ԽñҲ˷ֵģû˻֪һżСħ
ҳʧЦϲԡ
ȥš

ҳԽݣһССɵСӡ
漴
Уᱻְɣڴܻ㼯ҪǱ˲ħǱݻ룬ǳӡ
ӣҲǰЩĲ²⡣
ҳؿʱ죬ڡ
ȳȥһʱ䣬ڴ˵Ⱥҳڡ
˵ͷǽסҪ뿪
˵գ;һ䵽ϣżĨ塣
ҳѹɤӣܵ飬ʡ
֪ϥȻǰһѾˡ
˰亹ûܷ
ʱħĶ
˵ħƺܿˡ૵
***
ҳȥʱֻ뵽ֱӾСȥ
صǶսս
ڼҳһɲһˣˡ
ֻ֪˶ʱ㶼Գһӯģ
ҳºЦȴĮô
ˣЩȥɣأ
һ鲻õġ
ҳüë
ȡˣȥ壿һۣǰѶõĻ˵˳ʴȣ
¶̬
ʵǱ鲻ãǵµ㶼꣬һ⡣
ҳԺˣΪмлˣ̫ˣ
˳ϿֿĵлҳȫڶӲԾӿ˼֡
һƬ÷֣Ϯ
ҳɨһۣߣȻһ˲׽һ˿
Ƿ㡣

÷ּ䣬Ӷվңң
ҳĿȥ
㲢δ˵ֻǿע治ϲŭ
¡ҳ˶
С̵Сȫ˻ȥ
ڴ˿Ψˡ
ռ÷УĴɢö¡
ҳٶŴ
ͼüϡ
ҳ˼󣬱ˣ
Ż࣬翴˹ԵЩᡣ
Ǵ˼ֺŵζ
ҳ΢㵣üУʱ𲻻֮ɫ
ʲôʱˣ
ôԼ֪
лҪ˵21:00һ


7 
Ϊˡ
ҳ²Ҳ롣
ѵǷҹԵԭ
ֻԣüøһ˫Ķҳ
ô
ͷһԸΪ룬Ů˵ԼĺһʱǱʶͽ֮뵽ʱҪԷʹ顣
ȥŭԣ˼ĵ޴й
Ҳǣ䵭ӣͬ˷¡
Ƿ㣬죬˱ػϢ
ʶ۷С˼Ǿٽлֻǵ˰Ҳˣ϶Ƣˡ
Щ㶼ͬ˵ֻպʲôع˼ɱʵݡ
һ仰˵ûͷûβҳɫδ䣬Ӧһǡ
ش𣬷ˣԺ磬ҳϯ
¡ҳһ˲ɷȥ

һǱߣΪԷĹŵӣһгڵǵʦ֣ϯʵ˵ȥ
ȻƴǵĻճڣӹҲȥ
˿β΢ģ̲ȴƣѪѹϵչһ˿һ͸
ҳӣһֱߣڣű²˵²ع˼
㣺
ְʯͷԼŵĸо
ֲһ˲㽫йѹҲա
ҳг
ɵ̫磬ֻڴ˵š
ҳͣʡ
ȣתȦȻԹ˵ȱʻܡ
ҳȻҲûΥ
ֻǰȥʱűС
ճԺ䣬صȴ

뿪
һΪѵˣҶҲµ
ʵǻΥ
缴ʼҳ뵢飬Сϼիһξ룬ʱȥӦüͬʦֵǻϡ
²ɤ޲߲
ת˲䣬תξֱ͸ķأֱӵС⡣
һ䣬£
ϣӰѾȥԶˡ
ͽ⡭
Ҫ˼Ȼ˵û£Ǿû£Ǳ¹ܡ
ţ֮˲ˡ
ܳʲô£±Ҳᷣġ
Խ˵ԽͬҳԶȥıӰ㶼ݵĵԴ

ҳϼիʱǡҲǸյгڵӲӷﱻг
ŹǷ̤ţΪǳ޷άּҹĲ߲ЪϢٹҲֻܼա
ӳڸ󣬼Ͷˣ·ϴĳʳ·оһա
ڿԳԶˣǰڰٻ¥ûϣӣ۽ƳҳӰ
ʵ½ʦ֣ǿԳ˰ɣ
ҳͷټʦֵܣ߰ɡ
***

һ·ϣΧȺܿʿƵķ⣬˳зߣԦ޶С
ҳһͳһǰ
·Ӽˣλʦ֣Ժ
ÿ춼д󣬵Բߣһνˣֻ˷ֿ
ҳʾ⣬Ժ
˵ţСˡ
һŻɫۣǰظ̽ԶɽͼĿ
Ϊ׵ĺأȻҲڶС
ĺԵһУŰɫۡ
ҳȥͼԷϷһöˮͼڡ
ĴУĽҵͼڡ
ĺվһģĽҵˡ
ĺͬĽؽ֮ãཻơ
ⲻǳڵ𣿡ĺػȣ°Ͷҳǵ˵㣬ء
ǰڰٻ¥ʱͽ˿ˣ̬
ڣһԵбб߿һۣǰĳڱ־һɨĺؼͷַЦЦĽңĽݻ

ĽݻĽݼĵӣҲĽڶļ̳ˡ
ߣ˼ĽݼһڶӱֵĪ
ĺأĺҴӵݣЩˡ
Ľݻ֮梣Ľĺصĵ׵ܵܣ˵Ĺϵ㲻ʱ˻һ
ԷȻкҳҲͲôһ֮ͬǻһȫûĺطŵķܡ
קקҳӣ½Ҳ֪ʱ˹ʦ֣߰ɡ
Ժ磬ſĺճ
ͬƽϣűˡ
룬ĺȷʵЩȤǳڵӣ۸ʵ˼
½ѣĺ䵽ҳϣζҪȥ贩һ֣籾ǹȥ
˵ţЦһ£ֱ̧ٳ˷зЩ͵ˡ
Ľݻ˽ĺصԸҲ֪ʲôվһԲ֣ٲȻһˡ
ԵԷвԾ¶ζˡ
Ľݻ˷̬ڿϷ
Ҫʱǻվһѡ
ء
ȵȡ


ڵǲҪĺصļٺģҲ֪ʲôҳҲܾˡ
ļͳ½ˣ˿
һ
ҳͶȥȻ˵
Ȼ֪ߣ΢ͷ̶תͷĺء
ظ磬̫࣬ûȻСƳһŵĽݻĿڵĽݹӴǡ
Ȼù˵ǡ
һ棬ԶžĺضԳȺС׽Ūһ顣
һ桭
ĽݻȻЦЦһſȾЩζ۳ĵɫŵ԰ףĬ
Ȼɡ
飬ȻĺصӦʣҲС
ĺƫͷĽݻǡ
ӳ֣Ľݻĺص֣ǲûλ½ѣǲҪҵȰæ
ĺض˶üëתҳ
ҳδӣǰɽеķٳ
ۣƷ鱦߽ʯɣ᲻ɴݡ
ĺٳķзСһ֡
***
ۡ
ҳЯͬһеķԶȥƺʧ󣬺ȻһЦ
ĺɫһƬ
ɰױֺ࣬ڣЦһ࿴ȥĽݻһۡ
ĽݻɫЦ
Ц
һƬֻʣķЦ
ĽݻĺػӹʱȻԾƲߣü޵İա
һȺС𣬾ٳķۡ
ĺˡ
ˣĺرĽݻЦûƢҲ˦˦ӣҳ뿪ķ򣬡ȥ
ҽûĺĥĥ½
סˡ

ҳĺ鷳ܿΪΡ
㽭ʱ˱һǡ
ʿıȶּ֣е㵽ֹҲۡ
Уභ˲ɽ룬Ժ಻ᡣ
˵ǳĹˡ

ҳģȴôá
½ʦ֣ĺضỳġӵһβһ仰ìܣռˡϷ硯˽黳
˴ԣǶ˴ѱǺ½ʦ֣ʹӡ
ʢŰټҾףΪᡢ䶷
Ǽ򵥵ĳԺ͡
䶷Ǹʹ
ȣгǰ٣¼꿡ܰ񣬹½ʿ͡
ҳıԣڴʤĺأķڷ
˵ʹӣҲѲ˴ȡ
⣬ڴǰϦ£޷μӡ
ֻǱȶбʹУеʾֻڹòԳ֢״һ֮ҪԶೡй˭ԹҲ޴Ӳˡ
Ͼȶ̨һϣĿԵС
ҳĺʲôֽţˣǱ͵ʴס
Կļ˵õҡ
ϣıԹܹиĽ˼鲻䣬а󣬾Ϳʼ˴һ¡
˵궼ɵһӮ˾ǳ鵽ָǩ̨ԴмⲻйǩΪ
԰Ʒ鱦ǰ٣Ϊʮ乩˹հˡʵǽ˲ݡ
Ϊһ˽ȵʧʤ֮䡣

һȣ˵ʢеˡ
ǵһǰʢᣬҲ֮ǰμӹġϵӣǽϸ̡
ûãǰ
ķ羰֮ǰģֱǱɽһǡ
ǿ˻¥ҳҲһ¡
ЮķһĨɴ͸ɴȥʵʵĹ⾰̲סͷȥһ̽
ǲ㡮ɴ͸Ϊ档
㸽ϣԶԶȥ·ڲζ˲֪ӡŵļ
ò˵ĵ̣˿ڣҲûϡġ
֪ڻ½ǧ겻ͽƬ½ӡ
ҳۣǲõġɴһԾ˹ȥ
͸ɴʱ˾㶼ܵһξѹ£ԾŽȥ
ԾǨĹ̲ȴȫһ亹
ǰλɾµģǡ޷ܵ˺ֿɲѹڶеļ֮лơ
ѹָոĺػҪǹ
ҳҲ߳һ㱡˻ȥ

Χǰ·ѾȺǣǽ˿죬Щ죬ʦ
һ˵̧ǰָָ
ҳ롣
·Խߣ˶У֮ɻǰζ
ްɡ֪˭˵һ䡣
ǰЦŴǣٸϰСɣΪһ
䣬ϴģŴϰ°빦
šѹҷŸоϴһأԭˡ
ĿϮˡ
̤һĳȣһΡ񻨹ţңңͼ۴αȡ
ʦǣȥɡ
ҳ˿˽ȥ
ղŵ·ϣֻǳڵһУһ̤
⾰Ѳ֪ʲôʱ򣬲˾޴仯
ûʲôȺͷ֡
ҳһվһͨ˴СϣǰŲŵĵӣȫһǰС
ȥҳ
ţüĵӳոλӿеٸΪԡ
***
ϴ媺̩ͨ˻Ⱥͬһһ
ҳǰ·ַ̧ӴϷµٻһƬããС
µĵذ屻ţƶ˵Ĵ
ۣ

˵ʤգƽ
ĲãνǾľʵ̫𺳣⴫ģǶĿޡ
ҳҲʱʤ
ȴ֡
ϣ
ǣǹȥ
ߣȥȥ
ŵȫ룬ǵϣ˿λĵһλã󻹰ڷఫ
׵˸·Ϊۡ
ǴӴĸ߸ϴµġ
ҳ̧̧ۣǱ߹ȥ
һͬĸڵӽ
뼸ԣλҷµģĴҼ

ҳһͷˡ
ǣʦ𡣡ҳӦһҪȥ
Ҳʱ򣬵߽һˡ
ĺغĽݻǡ
ĺĿ⾫׼Ŀ˵еҳۺݣʮֶӹ
ǲµûȷʵˡ
ҳ˵ͷ
ֻԱỺ
Ϊʦ
ҳûоܾȥ
ڽߵͬʱٶĺˣѿ֡
ĽݻûйֱĽݼȥҳбµĸ˸ޱߴǰһ縷˿
鲻
ĽݲԼɫĶӣЦ˵һ䡣
ԣĽݻֹЦԵò԰׵ϣЦ˲һɶš

ҳľĽݻߣӵԷĵЦ飬ڽԣȻЩ֡
ĺ󷽣ֹ˵ʲôʱʱѹ˵ľƺ롮ʡйصĻ⡣
ܿ죬ҳ֪ʲôˡ
û
δڵڡ

ŵҳΪǻС
ȻֹƬ̣ɫĽӴԶԶƮ11Ŀ
֪ʱˡ1Ľȡ
һϮµӰӵŴ룬ʱһȺ˵Ŀ⡣
ֻ󣬻绨ŮһǣɶΪ֮ӳ£ʧɫ
ҳ֣Ҫջߡ
ӵɲǣͽȻ
һ̣ҳٿ̧ͷͻأ
ֻУڳ˽ͷߵĽ
ڴеһǣһ
ǲɽɵڣҳ֮ǰΪԽŵݣǲɽɵӡ
Խò
Ϣʯƽʿ죬δʲô˷ԡ
ˣǲ𾪡
ҳͽȻӿ죬Ŀһգգڵĸ߸֮ϡ
ֻΪʱ˿̣Ǹطŵĸ
ɫǸ1һ֣ҳɤ类δƶסʵڲٶ࿴ȥ
ڤ
ڤҲ⣡


8 
λһãҳЩ
رǣڤҲڴˣȫûյϢ
ֻ˵λʵǽ׽͸

˲ͷºͿҳոķȻԱ۵ס
ҳ˴ԴûнղŵķӦֻһ䣺ʦ𡣡
ջĿ⡣
Լϵ߳룬ҳС̧ͷķһС
ǰӭӵʱ¡
ԵŮӼ״ǰѸԵλó
᯸ɢһЦⲽס
᯽΢΢䴽޵ٺЦԵˣľζԸǰԣ֮ң
λһΪ
İţû˾кβס
λԶˡ᯽һ׹󣬱вٵӴӵʶһһʵǰİϡ
ѵõҺʵڴֱʡ

պǻԾ
ҳƳȻԵõķ㣬ֿ˿һǣɽɵڡ
ΪߣرЩЦȴԼᱻʶݡ
ҳ࣬Сõ߸֮ϣǸʾš1ĽҲڣδŲ֡
ڤϢ֮ߣڤһ۷켫
´ƼҲû˲ֺίʵ
ʱаɮǰ˵ڤǣ˿ҲȻ
֪˭һ䣬ε䶷Σ˸ı䣿
û䣬Ǿͬһ
᯽ȻһЦ
Цݣ˵б
¡
۸Цвͬɷ˵˵λǰи׼ĳ˵
λŵ飬ȫȤ׷׳ԡ
᯽˸ӣȷʵͬ
Ŷ˵˵ýΡ
ʢʮһΣΪһʤĵһžУؽʤпܴΪ¹ṩȴҲɣҸƾ¡
λαؼһʱ᯽ûΪ˵ĺ
ͼ䣬촽źŵ䶷ʱ֪ˡ

ӣǵûǾðˣ׷ױ˺ģ´֪䶷Ρ
Ϊһڣϴδȴ·硣
֮𣬲˶Щ˼
ҳΪԼ˱ƣζζˬںúȣҺǻԴһɵջ뵤ϸ
Ҫϵɤ˹ٺЩ
ҳͷ򽭽
ЩЦ⣬
ԣҳЪٵ˼š
ͶϵĿԷҳ̧ƲƲŵĺأԷǲεĺݶ
ȥֻĺضǡ
ܿ죬һĺĺʱǰһˮŽͽδܵʵź
Ц󣬡ĺء
ֻĺһתָ̧ҳλͽˡ
һʱ䣬ֻʣ¸߸ϴµ˶ĺⷬٶע
***
΢΢Цţƫͷĺ
ҳͷۿȥĺ
ĺǺЦһʱûиӦ
̬ȣʹõе׼
ԾѾĺͽܷˣֻĺҲδ̫çײǿ֮ͽơ
˶뵽Щţĺˣһƾķˣ̬
꣬ĺŵȻǱСС;ѾнΪˡ
ҳΪġ
Ȼĺһ仰ǣĺؾ֮ͽʹˣҪʶһκûлᣬѵʢᣬβдһ
Ŀر¶ĺҲȹ֡
ҳȫ˶ԷĲ⡣
½ʦ֣ġС
½Ҳ̽ͷԣǣ
вٵӳԸͣ˵Ľ̸
ҳ˸գǰһЦ
ţתͷλվ
ĺؼҳҪӦսȻһͽסˡ
ôûлᣬҳüĿѱµİӸһĨϵЦĺ֮Ե

һϯеһڶĺղŵĻȻ⣬ѿڵѡ
Ȼ֮ԵֺġšʶĹûʵԴǡ
ҳ˵һ䣬ͣٵļ˵ĺΪ˴󷽣һֱ˰ٻ¥˹۾ʵ½
ٻ¥һ߾ü΢򭡣
ĺҲһ٣͵ؿĺأɫֱ䡣
ʲôٻ¥ĺʡ
δĺػػֻ׵᯽ڣٻ¥һҷԸȥõӴ½ʦֶǰ۾
ʣµĻ˵ס
ﶼһ壬ǶĺҴܾĺ谮Ըжš
ӷĺҳͿɶ϶ĺ֮١
ǵΪ˹۾ڰٻ¥۾ĳڵӣº󻹹Ϊѣ˵ֶʵӡ
ض½С˵Ŀ棿ĺɫڳ
ףȻһͬĺؼڽͣȴһߺȣͣ˻ͷ
ˣĺȻ֪ԼӵƢԣȻܡ־͸ȷˣȥ
ĺؽû
ȻλҲסˣ常

ʢĳϣĺҲΪĺضţ۸С˵ݶ̫ˡ
ȻӶ˽ţתͷĺأϣܹʱϴظ硣
ĺعŲӣʵܴ裬ˣӶûˡ
뵽⣬ĺضݺݵĳҳӹȥ
ҳӡ
ѯʣί
ҳҡͷüûС
ϸϸǱá
ڴеΪĺҸӶ˱Щʱһ𣬡
һԭˣҲɲõǸ
һ䣬ָĺӵľٶ
ҳ׿ۡ
ûпһת鶯ǳ
⸱ĵģҳкЦٿĺеǰȡ
ūݣѲ³ʲô
㲻ϲͬһ
ĺصӸöˡ
ҳۡ

һߣĺ޶˱ԣɫһס
ĺҲٹ˲棬ʱĺأߵһ򣬡½СѵǸ
ĺЩˤڵأֻҧأҳ˾䣬
˵仰Ѿĺصļޡ
˵գɫ΢˴
ֱһƬֻͣĺǱ߻Щѹ
˸Ƿ
¿ˣ᯽ʱڡ
볯ڹϵҲڸղųԵԭ
ҳ˹ȥ񾭱֡
е㡣̧̧ۣƬ̺󣬺Ȼ뵽ʲô
䶷ҲǲμΣ
⻰ҳ⡯һһ˿ԤС
ŵģһ仰
һūͣѪ֮ҲпɣҲȥһȡ


9 
䶷ǰµ꿡ܲμӣһˣҪ֮䶷ʿƣҪ᯽Ȼܾ
ֻҲͷһأʢμ䶷
Ӧڣˡ
˵̸ܻ䣬иŵӽԵ֪䶷һһԡ
ҳ˿˼ڡ
Ҫ䶷ͬʱҪΪͽŵȥΡ
ûз𡣡ҳ侲ѯϵͳ
ϵͳޡ
ҳЦͷһȥ˾࣬
ϵͳûٸĬȥ
ϵͳδװܡ
***
ĺûٰ߷ߣ˿ֻĶظղҲֵĶ̫󣬲ŻöԷע⵽ߡ
Щĺָǰ߸ϵҼ̬
Ȼ˼վĺֹ˹常ȻĴ
ְԳƻĺֵĿһۣҸӶˣΡ
򵥵̧֣ĺɫǳĺ¡
Ȼĺض˵һ䣬ظ
δ䣬ͱĺϣˣȥá
ȻƱ֣˿봹ֱͦվżį΢Ҫ߻ȥ
ĺ֮׵λãȻվĵطǡ
ⷬٶöŵҳ÷֮ͬ˵С
ҳֻҴҿˣִֻŴɱָǽڷֱ΢ĵɼ
ʱ󱳱˴һ¡
Ǽǡ

ҳתͷʱͶüŪۣЩ
ôˣҳ֪ڵ
½ҲŰ̾
½ʦֿŵϣעһ¶Էʲô顣
֪ǰŰټҵһ۵УλĺȻĺӿǵ˲˵͡
ͬҲĺῴȻԭ
ȻͷٶǰͲǸųܱߵĹӣǵĺ˶Է
Źʺ֪гŰټ֮׵Ƕͽ֮ġ
Զֹ֪ǰ򵥣뵽Ǳļ飬ҳ¡
ڲʱԾɫѾ˵һС

Ѽı鸨ͳ½ҲֻˣڴˣЩӵɷ飬Ͷҳһֻܰﵽˡߡ
ҳתʱǲԾ̣ʾĹػʮá
ڼůֻҪΧ˶κһ˿⡢ܱ׼ȷջ񣬲Դġ

ۿȻҪȥ˶ţ֮ǰҥԸţϺȻһλӡ
Ȼ֮ʡ
׸ִǰǵɤĺ
ϹķУĺȥûͷƵ΢΢ڷ֮ϣɫڴ
ֻЦλǣĺȻӡ
ȻĺĺȻҲɴλµɹӡ
ĺԣŨü֮£˫зɿֲɫʱʶȮӣ
ȷشѾٴ˵Ȼʱ¡
ȻĺĻͣٺǰȻʱ¡
˶УŵĻӿȥҳҲͶȥһƲ
תϡ
ţͿü̧һЦ䡣
һ٣ָһڿлһĨȣЦȻǸɶõˡ

ټĵڣһʱֱǰ
Ļŵз׷һ²λʱʲô
ˣһȴˡ¶ˣȻֻǵЦţл
̬Ȼǰ㡣
ֻǣڵĺȻ
˼Ҹһ£Ȼصü۵ףŨŨĲԹߡ
һеԴйһϡ
ֻһˣ䲻
ⲻ֪Ȼʱ˿̺޲ðƤǵˣߡ
ҳȻ֮Ļ۵ףΪܿЩʲô
û뵽ǣҲͬȻ˵ôһ仰ޱġ
ͬûкȻｻ̸
˵ˡ
ħԶԶڲɽɵһǣߣڤǣڸ߸֮ϣ涼δ¶
ɢȥŵ뿪ҳ档
½ʦ֣ոտпǺα飿½Сʵ
ҳţ
ͷǼüŪʱ˵Ļõһ߸ûĴ𰸣ǻΪ
ԭ½ʦָûǵʾ⡣
˵ţ߳
ֻҧгݵһ½
ҳĿĺվСһǣĿĿ


10 
ĺصԣŲ֪ʱôȻ
ҳͶһǸȴҲĺأȰĻûһ䡣
֪סΡ
ʱոսӵܼδ뿪ĸڵῴĺأ㶼ǰڵз£׷½Ų
뿴ĺʲô
ͳ½˼״æվҳԣռֱ࣬ͦ忴ȥ
ôĺôҲҪ˼һģûʲô£ô˿ţ͸ˡ
ĺۿ֮Ҷ㣬ŭա
ĺӣк£ҳҪѿڵĻĺؿҪò
ϸ֮£Ϳɷﰵ⡣

ں󷽣մӴһŮ档
ֻΧһȦˣңңȥ˷ŵڿļˡ
ǸĺȻ
Ļδ˵꣬ҳһȻסȥ
뿪֮ʣֻһȺˣֻղ˵ʱЩƸ˭񡭡
***
һߣҳ޿ֵ̬ȣĺصĶ͹͹Ǹ֪ļһΪĵӾ˿Դ󡣡
ҳüëɫ
˵˵ʲôûסأ½ʦǫѪˡ
½ͷ½ʦ֣
һһȫվҳߣΪ粵
ĺǻȻ˵ҳ䲻ϵ֮ͽȴڵĵӸ˻ȥһΡ
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ߣҳȷʵǲ֪ðǰչ£˼ҳڵӶͬĺƾʲôʴʡ
ҿԴģҲ֪˭
һʱ䣬Χ˵Ŀȫ۵ĺϡ
ĺɫѿ˵
ֻһǳöȻǰҳ߹˹֣ͽ½Ĺ֮
һ仰ڿҳȻȴδ꣬ͼȻֳ˴Ϊͬ½Լս䶷½ֽʱܹߴͽ̡

Ȼһڳ˽ǻȻ
ȻĺؾԼսġ
ҪȥҳڣһǶԷı½Ҳ˵㼱ɫȻǺͼ뵽һȥ͵תͷҳȥ
Ƕܲµĳҳô᲻֪
ĺصӣǽˡ
֮ǰٻ¥һ仰ϣĺذһš
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ϣŶһ²һµ˼ĺԼײ
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ãˬ졣ĺһЦ״ۿҳ
ۣ⣬䶷½ѿҪСˣǲġ
ҳס
ĺƫͷȻܣߡ
ãȻӦһҳǵͷǳһ䣬ٻᡣ

ĺضȥ˳ɢ
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ĺһûģ½ʦ㡭½Ÿ͡
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ҳȴŲĺء
ĺҪ䶷ֽţֱʤ
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Ѽͳ½˿ˡ
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ͲĺصİֶΡ
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ҳֶΡ
գ˵飬ǰδеİ
ͬ½ʦ˵ǡ
ҳЦţ߰ɣϼի
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ţҳãԼʲô
ԭ·أʦֵܶΧˡ
·ϣʦֵҲĺҳԼս֮£ȫΧ£˹ѯ
ҳͬ˵һ䣬סģǳһŶ衣
½ʦ֡
ҳٳۣԭ·۷ϼի
ɢҳŻط֮ǰһۡ
ϵͳ棬㿪+ڤڤһ鿴ϡ
ļ¼޼󲿷ֶģ¼ȥ
йħҲ֮١
ҳرս棬ۡ
յķɲǼ磬ռ䣬ԵЩֿɲ
ȻЩƮĹԴǷŵҳ
̧ʱҳзɢһƹȥڤ
Ҫϵڤ߽ԭǷͬƲһ
ЮϹڸʱ
ͻȻʲô̡

ҳͷȥٿͣ¶
Ŀ֮
ǿɫʯ
ʣ
ҳһ
ѷˡ
СȺ򣬽û½ݣǰ硣
ΪĺصԼսͰ֮ԺֱʵĴʯŻ
ҳȡʯעС
ֻɢ˿żֲײŭ֮⡣
ȥˣ


11 
ҳü΢עʯƽ
ûҶԷԼ䶷鷳߷
þõȲӦͣС䣿
ҳһĬӦš
û
㸴һ飬ȥˣ
һΣȻº˲١
º£ʡ
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ȥͲӰˡ
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ԣǱ߶˼룬֪Щʲô
Ρ
ֻʯУǵɤй͸
Щ

ͬ˵꣬ҳոջشʯǰųһƹȻֱֱ͸˽
ҳ¶΢㵡
ô죿
˵ڤ
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ҳ˼һ˲һΣġ
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գҳȥ
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С⡣
һϲˣˡ
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ʡñ
ҳԶͷԺڡ

һ̤룬ŮΪ·
ҳʲôҲûʣŮΪˮ
˳ʯСҳ̵ġšٲ׿ڡ
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ȥˣӴ߶ߵһǰһ罫˵ļλߵѹϢ
ҳû˵ߣڷࡣ
ȴǸССɫ룬ʱġ11Ϊˡ11.5
ҳգۡ
ȥ˿ޱķʱֻһȤζ
ġ

вδϲȴ̬
ǽʾ˷㲢ûҳҪʼԼǲе̫
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ת˲䣬ڰ׷ӳҳӰ˱УΡ
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꣬һ˫ʢˮķϹϣ˵ޱȣûбʵķԸκˡ
⻰ҳ㣬ֻź߻һ䡣
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һˮ߷ڸߡ
ҳѲ豭ƹȥ
Լٵһδж˵
ҳԣֵһ
Ľյִ𣬰ϯС
׼ĶΪƷҳҲһڲ裬ˮУȾ㡣
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ˡ
ҳһǻ֪ԷҪʼ䶷ˡ
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Ȼ죬仰һ˿ͣ٣ô˵ˣϺ
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֪Լͱ¶أԡ꣬촽һ䣬Ŀˣ䶷㽫Ψһһսġ
٣䵽ҳͷϡ
˾ϲȻȥʱֻҳһޱ顣
һ˿һϲ֮鶼δܴϲ׽
㣺
ҳɫƽӣҲһƬ
䶷һ˷Ǿô˰ɡ
***
վ䶷ڵӴ󲿷ֶǰŵס׼ڶյ䶷һЩĴѵõ
䶷󣬸ŰټҶɣŷ׷ץʱͣϾѵһΣһҲ֪ľʢᡣ
䶷ƾʵһչҲΪͻͽʶҲҪȥС
ҳһϼիĴˣʦֵܶһŵջʱ˼ʢһͬǰȥƣ
˶ûðһǵһҲʶʶ
ЦģͼλԵʦֵܶȤտҳ½ʦҲһɡ
ҳ룬á
һȥ·ϲŵĵӣȻͬһҪġ
λѣҪȥİûһŶ飬Ǵ
¿һۣնǰϣ̬Ⱦһ䣬֪޲Եԭǳڵʦ֣ҪǰЩŵĵӶҪȥ˵ٸȥǽ
ֹŶ㣬ڵӺӽϰϵ֮á

ǡٸ϶ˣֻڵ֮£Ŷǵ¸ڵ۵¶δжš
ǸӼЩɣŲΧۣԲҪ
һЦˣлλʦˡ
ʦֶ񡭡
һ󣬰Ǹղ˵߻һһöߣȥ
һĽϰݱڵΧۣǰۿν󷽡
Ҳˣ˲ǰ
ٸдţĻ壬ϰǲᣬ˵ǰѵһʡ
֮ӱ׵ʣһеٮٮߡ
һλɹӰ
֪ڵӶ뿴ٸǺεȷˡ
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ҳųһлЩǰĶλҲѣңң̺һƬУӳһš
ϵóŵӵˣȥ
ҳ룬һΧվ

һ̨ٸĵط̨أѾӡ
ǰΧ۵ĸڵӾ㶼վš
ҳ̧ͺһ˫īͫϣ̶һ䵽ߣǳâת
ҳħߡ
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ɫһ̨֮ƾնһˣ˿˿ƵĹɢΪ΢С
ȴ̨µҳ׽һ˿
̧ͷȥ


12 
̨֮ϣһϮĶݾһ˫ͫǣʸͨ͸ƲĿ⡣
ҳɫĿĨ¡̶ʧ۵׻˼
ٸϣŹ
˭
˼ʱĽ˽͡
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λٸȻڤ֮ˡ
ҳüĿв˼ڤڤ֮ʮԷĹ񣬸֮£ξʶӶȡݵʹȨ
ڼ
ǰġٸҲٸ˱ˣǱڼĻ긽ٸ
Ϊ
ҳڼһģҲʮԵãǡ

ٸʼڵӣǰΧ۵һڣҲ㶼赼֮
ʵãȷܹṩ飬ҳһǰȥʱĿɨӹɽɵӵķ
ԽδظղŵһҲɺϰˡ
ϵͳĻ֮ԡ
УҲֻԼ©Ŀǰ˵½Խ޽ôɵġ
꣬ҳȶ٣꽲۷ϼիһʱ㽫ǰڤǻһƹٳ
ǳĺɫ·𽥻Ϊʵʣ翵Ĺ仯һַС
ȥֻڤֱԣǰ磬
ҳƹתһˡ
ڼܹ˵屾Ͳף֮ߵʵͣҪԷʣǾ͸ˡ
ԣڼҪˣȻǷһģڤ˹ҽݣڼָСһ׮
ǰҳڤϵҲǡʱ
գȥڤ
***
ǸĵգҲǡ䶷һգͬһʱ䣬䶷ĹҲǱ߷
᯽ڸʱ˹
ȷŵ䶷вͬ
ؾ
᯽վһ̨ϣڽܣ¾ûסĿڡ
ԭε䶷ؾ
ͬսóʤ䶷ͬ
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ؾ޷ֲͼҲΪвμ䶷ĵӷһݣýС
ȻΪӸޣɱķҲǲһģҿ֮Լξ

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Ȼɷ޷ֲͼˣε䶷ûжƣǳĹ
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ߡ
ҳһĨɫ
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᯽Ļֻų˲˫ľƺΪеĿԣû˵ܻˣڼԽ̭
˼ˣҳ۽ޣ롣
֮֮

ֲͼøɵӹȥ죬ҳ˼룬һԵˣʦܣȥɡ
ˣ㶵ָָԼҰ
ҳЦŵͷ
ҲеġƴǵĻŸѿڣû˵ꡣ
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һͬ⣬½ʦּȻ£Ǿȥɡ
˵ΪԼ˹ȻҲǵһ£ǰȥؾķֲͼ
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ȥͬʱ齨飬Կôѡ
ҳżȥתһȥ
һ˿ƮƮǰ̽ȥҳں档
߼䣬òҲʼ仯
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ҳԶֻһƬɣС
治Ϊڤ֮
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ؾڼ
֮ǰҳڤ︴
ŨŨǳɤԶĴкת
롣
ڤۡ
лҪ˵ǧ


13 
ǳɤԶ೤һأ͸ϣ˶
ҳվţüĿͣ˵ĵȻһ˫ƺ
Уƽ
ìôĺг
꣬һԵƵ
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ڤκ˶ܵ
ǲɵλƷƵųĹҽˡ
Ϊ㼫пܻ

ҳ΢΢ЦЦһ۾Ϳڼ״̬ԣǶʱԪڼ״̬ƺãҪΪ̽һ
˵ţȻһֻ˳ذ׵ָ⣬ʮȻ
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ǧǧǰʧһֶأɫζɱΣ඾أһ߲С
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ڤδйԶһƬ֮£Ȼ߲ݣһƬ޾һ˿漣
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ǧһӴ꣬һһ㽫֮ʳ
ǧ߲֮ϣʶ˵֪书ЧǺΣû˸Ҷǧȥо
ΪоˣѾˡ
꾡һ

ڼǰڤĹҽ֢ϲЩϡŹֵĶȻЩ棬һЦ
ǧǧǰ߲ݿήɢ
ڼˣͬҿЦ𡣡ҳĻûͣٵļ˵ţֻһ˫͸עӹȥ
֮⣬֣ܹᷢ׹ǵĹҽūм
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ڼϸ˿ҳԷǰƽ飬ԼǱĥҪѡ̫ˡ
΢ͣ˼룬ڼŵŪڤбһ߲ݡ
ҳ
ڤ߲ݣ֮ⲻض˵
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ڼҲӣ̧ʱ˿˿ӿ֣ɢʱĶһƿ߲ݡ
ɫСƿһ֣֮˲ϯιסҳߡ
***
ѺЩԼҪݵںϡ
׼ȷ˵½躮仹룬ҳһˡ
ǵıҲ㶼̥ҳ
ϵͳΪıģʣҳıģǱġ
ǲҪݵģ壬ѪĴڡ
ʱȫȫĳΪ롣
ʱ˿̣ҳ룬һҽĹҽ߲ݣԹס˼
ҳꡢ½ҽ߶δ˽߲ʱϴ
ҽ롣

ڼ˷ŵĲݿɫڤ㼴ƳǧĽҩ󡣡
˵գǸʱʱ̲̿ɢޱϢıСƿҳС
ҳĵССƿвԾ¶ϲɫݼš
룬
ƿУҳ֣ص
תҪʱӴһ
ҳ»ڼ˽ʯ֮ϣֿüҽˣ˰
һž׿ʵĺòȴʮƦ̬

ղŻ˵Ҫҵġˡڼвͬ»ָɾսʱǰ㣬Ŷġ
ҳǳЦţӸһƿ
̸ʱڼ˵ģҳѾȷ˺ֻǺȣЩȹĵҩɻָⵤҩڼ˺Ѿ׼ˡ
ڼδ룬ȴĵҩɣƿ˿С
̧ۿȥʱĻҳӰ
ҩڼʱõ˹̣ڼվ
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ҳڤߺֵ»Ȼָ֪һɫСƿӣĦ̽ǰδеŨҡ
ҽˣǶֵֿܵ̽
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ڵҳδ״ֽ̬߲ħĳԣǻ䶷һ£Ѱһ߲ݵȥоס
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ϵͳϵͳɣԶ˴ﵽһᱻϵͳжΪĿ

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ϵͳԶ롣
ϵͳڱ϶ȣⱻ
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ԻѾ㲻ȴ޷ȷҪȵ£ܰ˵Ľ
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ҳüǡ2ĽѾΪʵϵĶ
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ε䶷Ļ˹أҳڶ֣ǰ䶷ǵõ
Ĺŵӣʵūͬһˡ
ҳȥòӳǱȡؾ޷ֲͼȻֺͼ˼䣬ȥ˷㡣
Ŷõ¼ľƺ޷ֲͼֻؾǽȥ
ҳȥʱһŹϣŮֱΪȡ
ټľ͹㳡ڵһ磬ŰټҵԶܣյһƬ
ҳǱߣм֪ڵСͬ㣬λѣվԶ㣬ǿ塣
մ֮ϣδݳϯڷң⼸Ҳûֻǳںĵ˸ѡ
ҳһɨ𻰣Ǳ߷Ѿע⵽ˡ
һ˲ҳ̧žͳŷǱȥǰ⼸½󴦵ű־
š
ۿǱߵļˣź֪ʲô㶼Щڨڨ
ԭ
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ǰȷʵ̫һžͲ
Խ˵ԽͼΪǸոµġ޴ٶѡ

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һڲ״ʱеĶǰ׷˼ˡ
ҳͣס
ݹǿ¼ľƺ޷ֲͼ
ҳ˵һ䶷Ĺ漴͹ľƺͷֲͼһ𽻸ģһҡ
һ˫鶯۶գգˣΪ׼Ľңؾϵġ
һ仰⡯ֱӵء
ҳӣһ˿㶡
ȥߺͷĿײһ

ҳŲŲֻԵĽˡ13
гԽ֮ơ
ĿﴦͬռʱϵͳʾҳһᣬҲû̫
ڷȻǽҲſ
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׼Ϊ׼ҳû뵽ġ
ƾĲ²⣬㻻£ӦҲЩϵ׼
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ؾɵһСؾ޵¡
ȻҲⲻ˻ЩĵرȻ󣬵ҲķΧڣε䶷նɱޣҲȡñ
ؾõıԹУ󲻻֡
ĵرһǽŷգԽԽѵá
ҲûƵԭǰ˵ǿؾξ
ؾĵرΪǴ˵뷨
ֻ䶷ǰף㶼ŰټҹͬµĽ翡ܰߣзݡ

вμ䶷ĸڵӵؾĽͬʱ󿪡
ҳǰ˳ִ̧ؾһĤ̶һǿؾȥ
Ȼõģģ
ȥҷ֮ǰͺͼãߣЩ
ȻҳĽ
ĺصԼûؾѱԷ
ҳݣĺϣԷҲϲġ
ţҳգ۾͵ؾС

ǲ㽫ɽؾʧҳ¿ȥ
ֻһƬɽ֮С
ΧǸƵľżгС
ҳȥɢȥ
岻һͬΪ࣬ȫǣͨѪ֮ȴûС
ûǣеһδǣַΪ֡
ҪﵽҪΪٴﵽڡ
ԪӤڼϵģǽթޱȡ
̽鲻ΧʿϢҳҲżȡ޷ֲͼһһ
ѷֲͼϼ¼ȫһ飬ְѷֲͼ˻ȥ
֪ǲǴԵʣҳ˹Ŀ֮ܣֻҪģͲ˼һȡ׼ȷļ仭档
պ÷ֲͼҳֲͼϼ¼Χߣ˴䶷Ŀꡣ
ţҳȻ뵽ʲô
ϵͳ㻹򣿡
ϵͳǡ
ŶҳζĹ˹
ϵͳӣȻ֪ʲô
ϵͳϵͳδܣҲ޷ȡܡ

һһ۵ĻشҳҲʧȤȥ
û߳Ƭɽ֡Χ޾۾ӵأǰͻȻִ
ҳûͣת˸
Ȼǰִ
ҳʶһ̽תĶͣ

ֻһԴϤɤǲҪ̫༬ȿģ
Ҳ˵ˣǡģҲûдǵ֣ô۸ˣ
ʵΪ𣬾༬ǶԷȿµģҲûй涨
Υ涨
ǵϤɤڼ
䶷вҩĹ涨ٶϾʹһƬЦ
ߣѳ༬£ǻҪϿȥɱޡ

ҳ⣬α˳ȥ

ͼղ˵ǵϤǲŵĵӡ
ҳһʱסǱߵˡ
뿴˹
ⲻá
һҳü۶һ˿졣
Զɽͼڡ
ĺҵˡ
ˡ


14 
ŵǼһҳ㶼ۡ
ǰ㳡ϵǸ塣
ʲôˣĺҵ׼ȥժȡ༬ݵĶһ١
СӣҪˣ˵ţͦͦظĺͼڱ¶š
ҳʱרŵĵྡྷװɨɨȥûзʲôű־ЩӵĸһϮۣҲʲôĿԵŲ١
Ȱʶ࣬Ͻ
ĺҰ£Ҳһ˵꣬ҳ˼һѱ˵ʲôˣ
ԭҪĸţ⻰ҳУֻвīɫ̧ƺ̶㣬ûаУɫĴһһϵҲˡ
ʲôĺһǴЦȻ˵ˡ
ͷ鿪Ц
Цգ˶ҳ˫ۣ޶һ˿УҺɫƽƽֺû˵Ц˼
ˣ
ͷһ֣ǲ䶷ȷʵи˵ġ
㡢ǡ壡

лżʿˮһʱ֪Ǻãлл
壬ģȷвͬ
ǣӦл

ĺǼһ壬˲ή˲٣Ϊ׵ǸȴΪȻߵһūˣʲô
仰һڣסˣٶȰθߡ
ǰǸū
ιСūһǡֻδѿڣһǿ˲ͷ˹
ĺҵһıƷɳȥۡһѪٲȻ˲ᡣ
˴ӵŭָҳţ
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̣ҳֻ˵һ仰۽ⶼδʩˡ
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壬ʣ˭ûһˡ
ȥǷҳʵ֮˱졣
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һӣƶ˵ľҰ𽥱ÿ
ҳҲͣͣųʶ֪̽Χֻǰһĵͺ𣬸к˵ϴ
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һ룬һֻӴĸ߽ޡñ鲼ۼ׵ھкֱײ͵ҳϮ
ܿǵڶֻֻ
һȺ޳ײ

޳ɱԼҳ䵭лһĨƲֻ̣Ѫչƽ
תΪХЮϽ⣬ҳս΢ǿӿ̴ޣֱӽƤ⡢ڵ
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ҳޱ飬߹ƬĵطЩ޵ҲɢĹ㣬뱻÷ŵĿ¼ľơ
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ֻϵͳĻ粻б¶ԲʧϵͳĻشҳԷġ
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һŰɫ۵ĸߴӰ߳ϷˮͼչҫΪۡ
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лҪ˵vǰܶñȽ٣vʼȶ

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СʦܽҲڱ[]
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һԽл۳˳ʮͷĴڡ
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15 
԰Ρ
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Ľݻһϯ˵ð磬֮ǰĺҵǼһ㡢ڳơūǿҳĲס
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ҳĽݻƺ΢ɲ£üת˲ţֱüĬ̧뿪
Ȼ߳һ룬Ľݻͽס֡
Ľݻǰһɫ°ڲδ߶΢Σɼ¶ʮɣûвڵһ㡣
ҳһ㣬ɫɨ۴һۡ
Ľݻҳδڵһʱ䷢Ĵڡ
һۣ֡
״Ľݻ׿˿ԼЦͬͣҸΪѰһϢ֮ĽݼҵĶŲʶûз
ҳ𻰡
Ľݻ̧ӣ˵һ䣺⡣

˵˸ղŻڴ˵ԭ򣬲ǹ
ҳĽݻһס
ҹԴǫ̬ȶ¶ɣҳ˷ӦĽݻʵһƳָӷβͬʱ꼴Եֿ֪ԸС
ܾĽݻһϣֵַµ޷ֲͼʾ˴Զһ޵ĶѨһ޷֮Կ
Ľݻ룬ͬܽɱ
ޣ׼ϵʵһʿÿֻ޶͸ĸͬӣᵥ֣ʵ͸˵
޷ֲͼϣ˴Ǳ˺ģġĳޣʵ߽ס
൱ԪӤʵ
ҳ
Ҫؾʮ죬Ȼʵͣȴѱ״
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̰ߣؾýԹԼУޱȵջټĻϲ֮ɿ𣬺ǲơ
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á
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˴һξ룬·ȥ;˼ֻεӰֻޡ
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˽ĽݻƳƳջص˼ɤѯʣǲԼԹҳնɱ޵ľٶʲôԡ
ʱϱҳһҲΪ㣬ҳϣ׼ȷ˵˱еľơ
ȴһóˣϴľƣ˭˶ס
ҳҲûľϵļ¼ΣĽݻʻ̴ߞ
ߞĽݻüһ䣬ߞ
˶٣˵֡
ϹһޣΪߞɽԧ
ĽݻǡǱХҳ
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ߞߞɽϵ
ĽݻĿ¶˼ҳ꣬ǰȥˣĽݻҲٶ룬ҡҡͷȥ

˵ó޵ĶѨʱΧˡ
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ۼڳ޶Ѩģӡ
˴䶷µĹأպø˷㡣
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ҳĿעһУԶĶѨӰء
ջߵǰһ룬һɫӰǱ˹
Ӿóһ
ٸǡǵָָ˵
ҳĽݻͬʱٸ
ĽݻɢһЦ˼񣬡ٸ
Ļкżֵ٩ζѾʶ
ҳȴ˵ġ
ⲻٸ
ڼ


16 
ڤˣ֮ʿܻ߶ʱ֧Ȩڼͽ޵˼¡
ȻĻǳ󣬿һɹ󣬱ȡñߵһּ䣬ȻӦľҲ١
ڼΪܳʱ丽ϣȻӿ̽ļ䣬ǱҪԲĺ¼Ľݻ̬ȷǳҲЩ̽ȡй˵Ļ⡣
ǡñҳ׽һ˿ͬ
ϴҪڼ˵ڳʱ֪̽Էļ䣬˿Ҳһ
֪̽й¶Ĺҳȷǰ֮ˣǰøոռڼ
ֻ벻ǡ
ڼؾ
ε䶷ǻؾʮ죬ʮĲʹ֮ѹֻҪ̻굤Ԫ
˼ڼǡ2Ľȣҳ֮ϵɴ˿ɼҲôĪˡ
ش˴䶷ٸ˵Ҳþһ
ڼ֮Ա߲Ӱ첻ֻ겻һʱ䣬ԱʱӡУȴ̡
һ˲ʲôɡ
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ڤ޹ϸٻ뵽ڤȥ

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ΪԼǵˣһ·϶ԷͬԼ˵
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ҳ䷢һӦš
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ɱޡ
ڼԭһ֮ЩкѣΪά˵裬δԷ󡢺߶ʱоɰˡ
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ڼķԸȥ˿ʼ䱸ͷųʶѹϯ˶ڡ
ֻĳޱɱͿɽǻС
ĺǶ쳹ڶѨУԶĺ¡Ųһ
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һ࣬Ȼ߿ʱһĿҳߵĽݻϡ
ظ磬Ľݹӡ
Ȼ˵Ӷ洫ߵ˶Уϸ


17 

ȻĻ䣬ĺһУ˴ǰҲָ˶棬ֳĺضＸ䡣
֮ͣ˵ĿǿǱߣܿͷǸָġǡҳĽݻվλ
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ӳ֣Ǻ⣿ֻЦɤ˿ٿ㡣
˵䣬ϵĳ޾Գ˹ߣɢɱĸľС
ҳϳĺӵܣָ
ˣ֮ǰͲŵһ༬ݵļ֮һ˵ˣ˳ӹ
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һߣŴ˴䶷ΨһμӵǸ֣ĺҲ˲Ľݻ˵ʲôҳ壿
һū
ĺɨһۣЦҲ

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ǻѰ޵ĶѨȫڳ޵Ʒ׸ߣɱõķȻҲߡ
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ʱҲֻɨһۼˣȻ϶ͣ˼룬ת˲ŲĿ⡣

ĺⲻεĳҳʱߞڵϸҲвٻļ
ҳɫɵȻ·ĺ˵Ĳһߞ𶯱ѹȥ
ͬһʱ䣬Ľݻڣɤӳ֡
һĳƺĺٴ֣Ҳˣŵĵ˵ۣҪ
ԵȻⰵ˰
ǲʲôᡣĽݻܶǣǣǣ̲Ŀǡ
᣿ʲôЦһĺЦҵһ༬ݣҲ᣿
ĺҳϹţֻͬǳڣƨĹŵһᡣ
ֻǺ߻ĺ壬ٲȻǲûɨ
Ľݻһüë
䲻ƻ˶ģҾĺص˽⣬ǻõ
Ͼĺصߵڰ׵ı죬֪
ĺǱҳĿ˵̬ŪŭգȣƷ鱦սԪӤڶ´࣬档
ȥɣĺ
***
Ȼĺӳ˲䣬Լͬ
ظ磡

ǰһȻĺȴĿ֡
Ҫ֪ε䶷Увһڡ
Ȼţʱĺ˭ý
һֿһڼ
Ϊٸĳ治ͽȥ˵ùȥԹ˶ֶȥѣǾĲˡ
ڱԵĺأֵΪ˵Ĵ˸ա
ۿҳȻޱϿʲô
ֻаϧ
Ȼˡ
ĺܿŭҳȷʵֻйڷͣĺػ֣֮С
䶷ҳģոֻҪĺٶЩܲѴ֮˵õѵ
ǵǶԷȶ֣ͬҲ֪ǣʹ˴Լһ̾ͻᷴɹȥĺؾ㲻Ҳˡ

ĽУзҩб
ҳɫ䣬в֪ʱֵķ˻ȥĮȻĿĺء
ۿĺشգȻ˿ظ硣
һ䶷˳򷽲źͬʱڵˡ
ˡʱȥĺûϳ
ֻȻøУڳкѷɫ
ڼȴûеһʱĺؽ̸
ߣȻҳϣֻļӿһĪϤС
ĵȻ̬ʶһ㡣
䡭


18 
ڼһ૵Ͳţлͷһš
ϵĺطӦһŭȻа䲻ⶼԵ˷й
ʲôﻹֲ˵
ڼüֻ׶ӿȥˣٸ㣬ʧȥ䶷ʸ񣬲Ҫʶô
Ȼô
䶷УļлᱻƺٸģĺҲ֪ķ֣վҳĽݻԶЩŵӷΡ

ȻٸһУȻԴԷۣĵȻ
֪Էݣĺ΢ҪŲӼȥ
˵ˣֻһֱδڵҳƳ
߷ʯײȪɤ赭
ĺ£üͷ
˵Ľݻһ١
뿴ͼ߱ϼ䣬ɨǸʲô
һλĻ֮⣬˵
ĺأǶ

ҳڵݣǷߵūӦά衣
ҳ䡣
֮ǰĺһУֿҲͰˣ׷š
¡
ҳɲ赽ǰӡ
֪ħǰǸƢ𱬵ò񻰡Ϊ˺壬ѱʹ
躮̥ҳٶŵݵԸϰߣĺصƣûҪá
˵ʲôĺһ۴˿̶´ȾѪ㣬ƶĺҴӵĺصһҪѳȥ
ȻסԷֱۣظ硯ֶǰ漸ǸȻһЦٸЦˡ
ڼ΢΢
ڼΪղԼˣȻ䵭ЩȴǾƲԷ̵ģ಻һЦ֮
¡񣬻ص
ͬʱĽݻҲĿ˿ҳת־С֣ǸʶԷΪԷĹｫ˶ۣʵʡ
ĩˣĽݻĿתһȻ
Ƴһ۵Ȼͣûȥֻ㬵ջ˿ڼߣ۽ȥ
ĺشʱٹ˲˦ȻƣС˵һ飡

ĺǣĽݻصˡ
ĺأӶԷá
Σĺزŷߺ޵Ʋͷ׼ҳѪ˫ĿƵݻݺҧţЩ졣
½壬磬ҪˣʬΣ
ͷ֮ޣ
ĺػĽݻ̬ҳԣΪĺĽҽá
ҪǣĽݻһĽҵļ
ĺأĺҵһλӣǵճӣĺȴмĶӣĺвۣᱻĵЩܡ
ĺĺسǺ߽ʱıֲ
Ȼһ㣬ĺ˼Ҳ˿
֪ĺҪĽݻ֧֣ĺҼһģᴦ£ֺԼҲΪĺҼ֮λˡ
ֻĺϵӼΪء
صԭ򡭡
Ȼ˱ۣģָ̬ЦŶĺ˵ظ磬Ȼ˴ûгˣȥطɡ
֮䶷տףÿɱ޵󲻵á
ձӣȻ̨׸ãĺĬĬˣߡ
һ˺ƺƵÿ죬ȥҲ졣
Ƭ̾ûӰ
***
һߣļӲ²ۡ
λĺӻʵԲ鰡
˵ûĿ˵ӣҲ߯ˣ
˲˵ǣĺʵǹۿ˵͡
½ԹŶʵΪ𣬾ĺΣҲĺ˵ʱ˵Ҳֻܽ˳Ц
ǿ۽硣
ҳûмֻۣԶԶƳĺһ뿪ķ
䶷ݳ֣ûˣĺغΪ½ԼҲӡ
˷뿪ֻϣǲҪϼͳڵӲźã蹷Ǵ˾Ҫҧ
Ӧòֵ̫
ԸղȻıӦĺ䶷ж֡
գҳ԰
ĽݻҲʱߴЦʲô
ҳؿ
ǳӣĽݻָĮȻ飬Ȥζļ˴ǵЦ⡣
֮ѣһѨȥ˿ҪͬڼͻȻ߹˵
Ľݻԡ
Ҫҳʱʱһ嵭ߡ
ҳˡ

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Ͼ䶷ҪΪʮ죬ҳŻӦ
ĿĴﵽʱҲԾʹ˽ɢˡ
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̬̲ס룬˼ҳݣҲΪͬɡ
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壬ǲһ
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һڵʱҳѾһƬ
շֲͼʾ
˵ռͼϴƬΧȦ޾㶼Ⱥӣɢأһÿնɱޣֻ費ʱʶɨΣձɣҲص̫ࡣ
Ʒײ߲ͣȴҲ٣԰һСؽ磬ҳʡ
ת۾ʮչȥ
ҳƬط˸飬Ҳɱ˸飬ӡɽ֡ƺбײϵޣһǱնߞ£Ŀ¼ľϣ¼޻ɱҲɹۡ
ֻʮҳûʲôˣҲ޴ӶԱȡ
ֱһ죬һֻ˻𣬱ҳһ̴ľͷ­δ£ȴҲֻͬƤһ˿ϲϡ
ѪӸѵĺһء
***
ҳ۾ջĿ⡣
ʮѪɡ֫ϱ۵ĳˣʹиɾ䣬ɲǿʢһ󱻿֫Ӳһ
ֱºӰΪС㣬â֮Ϯ
ҳӡһƬɫĽӣţռ·ʼŤһεľǣסɵΪ硣
һ˲ʧ⣬ʧظϮ
ܿҳףҪؾˡ

˫ٶ̤ϵʱǹصʧ
ʮ֮ѵ䶷
ҳ̧ĿԼվһƬ㳡ϣΧǲμ䶷ĸŵӣһ۹ȥȫΧˡ
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ǰһ͹㳡
Ҳȫ˵ҳߵΧڼǸڼйһ¡սаϣǰ¼꿡ܰԹ˹հ
һվ˿˿Ƶת
ҳ˻
ٶʱһɫӰ


19 
ʮؾһζҳһֱһطɱޣʱŰ㡣
˿̸ս䶷֮ϻ۹㳡˾㶼ڴյҳؾϵǰ͹۲ΣԭѰ˴½ݡ
䶷ûгڵӿؾн͵أ䶷Ȼδɣҳ
ֻû뵽߳˷㡣
߽һŮҲޣҳ˶¡
ô
ӳǣԷǸĿɫҳֻһϤϮ
13ĿǰҪռĿУ⼸ѾǱȽϸߵġ
ҽҲϵĿ졣
ȫƾԷҹԡ

뵽
ҳЩʧЦɫȴǲ԰֣塣
Σ㹴ۣҳ
ʵʲôҳ·ġ
Ȼ֪˵ľƿ¼ҳԼʵǱȽĵģʱҲƽƽӦ˵һȻԵáʮɵ̬
һ֪С䶨ܶͷ
üĿչЦЦĺõ
ʱ˵ڡ
ԣҳٿס
仰С
һ룬׼ȴ۽⴦ǰš13Ľ̶̼Ϣˡ2
15
ҳ
ߵĻ¡
˵ƻֱصȥɡ
***
ڷĴҳûҵʱתȥѰˣֻվԭȻ㾹Ҳԭزˡ
䶷󽫿¼ľջأ˶δ뿪
ҳĿƳƳ㣬ѯΪڴˣƫͷͿĿͶԶ
ѭȥɫΪҫĿ˵ߡ
ĵطĺһ˳Ŀ֮ǡȻ
ϸĸӰţͦΣȱ
޶˵ģǾԳ֮Ϊǻܽٶȸҳͷ
ŵһ֮֮Ľͽȷʵô¡
ܿƵĶȻϣҲβӵɫ䡣鵭˵΢γһϸ죬һζĻȡ
ҳ˿ĺһ˵ıӰ漴ۣתǰȡľƵȥ
ľƣҳֱֱǰ߽һ˵ء
½ݣҳһʱȥ˼ǡ
ͬʱеȻǰͷһۡ
ֻתȥʱԭվǴǸɫӰȡ֮ģ֪ĸŵСӡ

½ʦ֣ڼˣ
½ʦ㵽ȥˣؾôû㣡
½ʦ֡
ҳ㳡ǰڵȫ׷ͬ˵
һֱ룬ʦǵˡҳ۶Цʦɤ
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ĺΪʲôҳȻ
˸ӣҲԤϵǰ㣬Ȼе˸ɫƾĺصԸ񣬼Ǳֲ˺õģ˵Щͷ
ˡ
ҳδ˵ꡣ
һԵĳ½½½ʦ֣ĺأĺˣ
***
ʮգĺضһǸĽݻٸһ˻ţֻȥ½йƱҪٱǧĽ˴ѹȥƽЪŭ
˭֪½СӾȻôܲء
ĺֻҧʮ죬µޣȫйĹߣһ״Ϊҡ
ֱؾĺҲȿʼѰ˵ټֻ壬ʱԷû˻߹ȥ
㣬ȴ
ЩˣûĽݻˣ˻ʵˡ
ĺΣֻա
Ըڿ½
£ĺҪ³ɺ޶һˣ

ʲôĺأעһһͬڣΧվĳڵҲ¶
ҳɫ䣬ĺضĿ⡣
ʲôĺĿԹƶڰŻĶߣ˿˿ŶҺҳ½ӦûûҶ˵һս֮Լɡ
˻һڳ¾㶼˽
½ʦֺĺⲻһսˡ
ڵӸ¶ޣʼһֱĺҲ磬½ʦֱ֣޳
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Ȼһ˲ֻҳû

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ҳԥĽĻͷĺϣͻأչһĨЦŵ죬ãСӣ֣
ҳ¶ɭ׵͸ĿĴɵãЦЩ˿˿⡣
½ʦ̲֡סȥҳӣ˵ʲô
ҳЦҡͷû¡
ĺǷҪԼһˣһٲݣԷǷֻʱҪݾжݡ
ˡˡ
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ĺغһ䡣
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ĺؼ״ˣԳһ˿ײĵóѣתߡ
һߣһڵ뽹ŵ½ʦ֣ôܴӦ
ǰǰһûģ
ôǺá
Ա߻вΧ۵ĵӣѸղŷһж۵ף·ڶˡ

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гڵӽ½ҧҧȥϡ
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ɡҳ׸顣
ʦԣԼսȡ
⻰ҪȰ
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˶ѡ
***
䶷֮Լ£Χ۵һֵĸڵӱ棬һ뿴һĺҴ˵Լս
ҪǣĶֿµӡ
ݴĹŵӡ

ĸ󱲲ǶĻηһƾĴŸ˲ֻ֪ǽӼŵ˵Ұ
ڣĹŵҪͬԼս˭뿴ΪĵӣıΣӡ

ĺⶩʱþ䶷ǰԼսԭлϽ¼ľƵˣǼӿ˶
ȥ˵ıȶ
µ䶷ǡþһϣΪ
Ӧ䶷ʱֵĳأ䶷ѡؾ壬˿ΪһԼսֱ˳üá

ҳһڳڵӵʱͷܶ
ôôˣĿɿڴ
½ૣòᣬ½ʦͬĺ䶷İɡ
ҳ˵ûжپȣ֮˽֮
֪Щ˻ڴˣֻΪ˿ĺصıԡ
ģӦΪŵӵͷ
Űټĸʢ̳ͽܣ뿴ģͷΰˡ
һҲ׹죬۱ԽΣ½ʦϵĵӣֲ䡣
ô˵ˣǶľǽˡ
ˣˣ
֪˭ע⵽ߣҳĳ֣һͷҲ˵ˣ
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Χ˵䶷Уĺ׼ȷĲ׽ҳӰһЦʮ㡣
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Ȼڴʱڵ͡
˶ԼͬĳһͶȥĿ⡣
߸ߵ䶷̨ϣһϮɫӶԶˮͫǣȲȾˡ
ҳ۽΢էȻ׹ع⡣
ɰһ˵京ŵŨŨ˼й
ʦ𣡡


20 
ʦҳܿ˵Ŀ֮˸̨Сѯʣβסϲá
ԣһۣδ˵
ĳĬ˲ҳʶʲôæף֪
ǰļ⻰ʱס
ҳΪʲôǸʶΪⳡ䶷žҪͣϣġ
Ȼǡڴʱڣɤǳ󣬡εǸ
ҳһʢˮ˫ʱ¶⣬˽ĺҴӱ䡭
ûֹӱȶҴ˴λ⣬ҳȴǵһʱѡϴԵɡ
ɨͫǳЦֲΣֻ˱ԣΪβͬΪʦ˵һ
˴£ûԼͽܿе֪ǴԴ
μӱȶΪʦҪš˵ţЩֵζ㶼͸紫ݳ

ҳǰϲ֣һڵӶĬҪѴ˴αȶ֮
ʶûȥ֪ͨ
ҳ˵仰ʱ۾󼸷֣з·һ㱡Ⱦ
ٿأḧ滺
̧ۿȥֻעԼǰķ˿
˴ĸĶ֮ϴıʱ˼
ͬʱҳҲԼûϴǰ㣬屻ɲǽӲ
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ȻڳΧ۵չֳ˵ı顣
𾹶ǹŵá
һĻ䵽ĺص˱ĺͲмֻδĵ޶ӿֳɬ˵
常ǱҪסˣظ㲻Ҫ롭ȻȻ
ĺĴĻЩ߳ŭɤӵ˭ˣ
ȻٶԣĿҲͶ˸̨һߣ䵽̬ܵʦͽϡ
𡭡
µĵԼ
***
䶷ϣۼǰμʢĸڵӣиųϣȫΧס
ʱδѱˡ
ĺغҳıԣΪ֮꣬ΪгϯԵΪ
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ȴĺҵֻȼŴµˣ󶼵
ĺƲ۲ȥΧɢĵѹһи˴ҳЩվڴ̫¾ðͷ亹
һ˭Ҳҿ˵졣
һƬУĺԵΪ롣
ȻҲûȥ
ĺûйҲ֪Ϊϴ֮£ĺӦǵ˷ݵġ
һʱĳţֱʱһһȥĺվЦһ̼ת˱ȶ̨
һվҳ˹ȥ
յΪƵߣҳüĿѱⲽ߹̤ϸ̨վ

ڸ̨·Χ۵ˣԱҳչ۵ס
һϤ
ˡĽݻ½
գҳĿ˷㣬ʱһԷȴ
Ҳϲֺӡ
ҳһۣջĿʱ
ӵĺڵķ򣬼̶ͼǸĻɫӰһȥ
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Ӧǲߡ
ĺظſۣЦò½ѣһ׮Ȥ£벻
ƻвŶҳӻ
ĺؼ˵㿴˰ɣλȻܣǱ֮ǣǱ͹Σǵۡ
޵ĵЦǲһͼԷļ֮ġ
Ҫҳֻһͨͨһеƽˣǻᱻ⻰ȡ
ҳʱ˿̣ƽ޲ֺˡ

ȻĺȴΪԼĻʹҳû
˵粻ǼҸţȻǻᱻء
ĺؼ˵ţͼ
µһ˲
һɱ̺ǿѸٳҳϯ˹ȥһɷ
˾Сģ
ع򣡡˽ӵ
δʼĺؾʹ˹Ҳ̫ˣ
Ŀ֮£ĺͱŭӯĻ˵ϵ˵Щʲô˿ûͣٵٳٶȺݺҳ
½ʦ֣
ʦСģ


21 
̨˵ҳãĺؿİ͸ˣ͵Ϯ¶óǵŰټҵ档
ǻȥ
Ȼûʱҳ룬ɫС
ȻͷųԼĹɿ۳һɫٳƿ֮ѳһѷ졣
ལһ˲ӭĺشײȥ󷢳죬ҳĺصʮ䶷̨ƺʼ̨ϱѵӿ
龰ǰսǰ߼䶷̨ϵĽֲһ㡣
Щ󣬲ɶԳڱȶе΢һĿĩͣҳϣ࿴ۡ
ĺؼԼĹ׾ͱ⣬ɫףĵٶҪҳȥ
ҳĳˡ
ҳ촽⶯вԾ˼˿ȴɣĺӣˡ
䣬ĽѴĺء
Ļ

ôһɲǣĺֻҳһҪؿڴʵǣҳǿĽ˼ƫƣ͸ֻұ۵Ƥˡ
˻ĺ˿
ŵܹˣʹӱ۰򴦴ЩղסеķĺƸо㡣
ǹɻʹУֱֱӿͬǱ
䶷̨ϵıȶͣ˼롣
̨Χ۵ҿһжߡ
ǵߴҳϻ£ע⵽Էǰʵɫ
ѽû½ǰѽǲǱν
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Ǳν
ǱνһʦĪʦĵ֮
ǰԼʹνû룬Ȼ䵽˳ڣĵС
һ˼֪⽣Ӧ۲ѣ̾ͽܵĺá
ҳõĽȷʵǱν
Щȴˣν飬ҲȷҲֻǴȥһĪΪһƷˡ
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ҳɽׯһɫ㻮Ƴն䵽ǰ
νʹ

ǡĺ˵˵ҲҳУԭ
ҳƽ
ڶĿഥ˲䣬ҳע⵽ĺ֮ɫִָһǽס
ĺתͳһ˱ӳɱ
ȶϣǿֶβûӲԹ涨Щ˼ĹƽȶҲвĵĹ涨Ǹʵȡʤ
ĺĿ֮ͳģС
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ɱ÷͵ɱ󣬻޵СǻΪҪҲǼܳɵġ
⻰ĳڵӼˣɱ½ʦֻн۷Ϊĺɱ½ʦ𣡡
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ϡ
˵ǵ䶷̨ת뵽ڴˣǻϣ̳ȥ
ֻҲ䶷̨룬ɫδ䡣
һ࣬ȻûߣЩǸ˵Ҳû뵽ĺӻ
Ĭε޹أ𡣡
ɤ糣Ȼû㴽һȣԽǳЦл𡣡
δкζףʱЪ˼¿̨ϣעҳȻӰʦӦҲҪ˲ֵġ
***
̨ϣҳĺ׳֪Լˣһ̣ɱڵ󷨽Χ
ԼԼ֮ƶϡ
ҵġվĺغϾĿĿ
ν֮ǲⲻϢ궯
ҳսͽɵһ˲Ұ𽥱һƬǣӰת䣬εѹϯֱֱѹ
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ˮһȥʧǰţһ͵Ļ֡

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νķٴײϾȵ¶Ȳ赲˵ӣҳһҧ͵ǰһٿɢ
Σվñֱ
ǻбѪζӯҳɫһ޺ѪմôĿ
ҳָ̧һһĨѪ
˵ʼ仯Ρòɱвϱ任
ħɢΪħչ̧֣һһڹǱ޻ֳͣʮ߽ںɫǱޣŨصħ

ת˲䣬ɱбǵصħơ
ֻħħʹ躮ִǱޣֱͦվ
ҳеı֮ûаǺݾִ޵һ
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ԭĺزֶεˣ׷׾ȷ֣Ҫˡ
ĺظۣŵܣⲻܣ
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ͽܣʹʦﲻһҲҪ

ͬĴר
СʦܽҲڱ[]


22 
ĺصĿ⼸Ҫǰ𡢴ɱǸɫӰŤôܣ
ԷҲֻнΪ
䶷̨£Ҳš
⡭
һͷһؼнʿܰȻݵĴɱֱ˼飡
ĵӣ
ͬҳݣĵѹΪŵӣԭͣҲͲΪˡ
ΪĲ̨ͬƳȥǳҳ񽥽䡣
ҳվ̨ǲǿ̬ܲͶߡ
ͬʱ̽Ŀעϡ
ҳתȥͼ˽ڼͷҲ
ڼԼҳע⵽ĽȻˡ2
һɲɼ˹̶յΪ˷ֵռʱ䡣
գҳǸɫӰֱֱײߵĿС

ֻⲻһʿСȶδųʶȥ֪̽ɱڵ˿̣䶷̨ǸʿϢƺʲôͬ
㿴ȥû뵽ǡͬԷĿ˸š
ͦ
ҳջߣ;ƲƲڵڵķƼŵĽԵĽʱʱ
󶨸ڡ13ϡ
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һ͵ĺ߾룬־Ͷеһ
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סĺĿۣץסĵ棬Ϊ޼ȴҳѹƵö˷ֺ
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ĺشӺ䷢һ˻

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Χڴ˶ܸе״Ӵѹļ¡
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ؾѹơ
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δǰľκξҳۿŻþеԼУüħԼ֡
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˸ͽʵĵӣĽ
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׼׽֮½ͽܴĽ΢һ٣Ե׶Цɤкһζǰ

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һվͼУӦǱһڵصˣֱͦվһһ׻ػš
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23 
ֽ˭˲֪ĺҴĺءͬŵ½䶷ϵıȶˣթһ¡
˵ϴﲻϣһЦôЩһΣĺص޳͵ϮԼ䶷ʱͷųɱ
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㣬ĺҲòǰڵԺȥȥ;ȻʾҲд
˼䵱Űټҵһ۵ԼµλʾͣĺȻͬˡ

ĺЯĺغȻһǰһ£䵽ͶԴмɻĳڵӶУ˼ϯ
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ԶԶ;ķڶļϢתǿɿϻֻĺ˵һ仰
СͽһԲ߽ʱ
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Σҳͳ½ǰ¡
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ܿһ˻½Լ˵һ㼤°ҳǰ㵸
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һ룬֧ŵǣһˣͬ½ʦɱ޵һ£ǲеһ
½šüͷ˭
ÿ죬ûע滹ֻ֣½˻
ҳ
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24 
ҹʱһȦʶصҲ֪ĸŵĵӣͦܺ½ʦֲ¡
½һĲš
ոտ½ʦֻɱʱͱˣû죬Ȼˡ
䶷֮޻ɱܹ֮ͬ٣رǻڵһʱڴ˵ȴĸڵ۷׷ס̾Ĵɡ
ֻǲ֪һΪУһεʢȨ˭ҡ
ͳ½Ҳ⿪ʼۡ
ҳĬĬûвۡ
Ҳû뵽Լǵһ
ţԱͻȻһ²⣬ֻһģž죬˵˵Ҫһ᲻Ҫ½ʦȥһ
Ͼÿʮһεʢᣬ㶼һ䶷׵žС
겻˴ξ䶷㣬ԱȶʵУؾɱޣȡʤ
ⲢеһҪһ䶷УҲ޿ɺǡ
ҳԣתͷźϺϡ
ٴһʹɲ˰ɡ
ܱߵв٣һĻԴ͡
Լǣһ֮䣬һս
ҳ
***
䶷ѳսȴ˸С
һռ
һ˽˽⣬µһΪ档һԵЩżˣǸûʲôСˡ

ŰټҸżӣһھ㶼ǰ˶֪ξۼôڴˣžΪ䶷һ¡
λѾ֪ˣ᯽߾ף毺õġЦ绨Ϊܰһɵ䶷һǱſãʵǺη
Ľʹ󲿷˶һ
ٰһ䶷
½ս䡣
Ҷ᯽˵ֻӦܲһʢֱŵţ䶷ʤʮֺ
꣬Ȼ˿ʵ᯸֪λѣɣ
Ļվ䶷ϡ˺һ㡣
ǰ˽֪Ĺŵӣȴ֪ˡ
ȻԣŶԷ˴˴ε䶷һвμ䶷ĵǵľĽ֮ġ
һǸ֮ͽ
ȽõĴڣһЩоҪ֮ڻɣ˲Ŷܾʹû
֪Ǵĸ깵Сţڲгͷ֮ա

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½ʦ֣ҪҪ
ڵȻ䶷ľû飬ҲӦԼΪա
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᯽ֱ˵£ѱ˻һߡ
˱ʵūɢڸ̨࣬⣬˵գһüëʻˣ΢Σ
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һμ䶷˴ţܹµһϡ
ΪߵһССūЩ츳˭֪Էôͣ
᯸˶ìͷ᯽
᯽üһ
䶷¹µģӦøһ
Щˣ䶷ǰҪʱѡϹۣڽҪͷӲܣҲȫԼѡġ
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вͨˡ

䶷һ±ȶһ»Ҫ飬ҳһڳڵӻϼի
ղҿȥ¡Ҫȥ˵ˡ
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֪Ҫ򡭡ǵӿҳıӰ½ʦֱӮ±ˡ
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˵ܾ᯽䲻֪˵ЩʲôԿ϶£ⳡ䶷Ҳѡ
ҳ˼ڷϼի;תȥС
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ˣǲǽӵ䶷Ϣֹû뵽лãֻǲ֪˺ͱôˡ
š
ҳӺ䷢һӦƹֱ˽ȥ
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δĸūиģͷһ̫ˣһᣬý֪Լݡ
£ҳѹ¶䶷֮µɻƽ
һɤ
к˪䵽ȴ뵾ݵĻӣһȼ
ɻǵԼǺݣѹ̧ɨ
ҳͷ֪
ͷһ˲ֻһĽԭȵġ15ˡ20뽭ƽˡ
ϴ

ҳʵ̫⡣
ﲻǰ룬Ϊŭ
ɻ䣬ҳǰոջ磬ҳ˷ߵūζĿڲһƢ˽ʱ
ź˵𣬡˵ǻᷢƢɴûнǳԹͷҲǡʱźʱһսսֻԼǲʶôСǧҪΪ㣬˰
һĳͬ˵һƺΪ˶һһ
Ҳ֪˵ʱȸԾͻôϲɫ
˼ҳٴζϷ㣬ůһ˿ů⣬Ǳµū
Ǹһƽ˳졣
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Σ˵䣬ҳ˷Ķ棬ûԷüͷ壬һ˿Ҳޡ
ǸŵĮ˪䡣
һʱЩš
ֻõϵ
һһ¡

ҳͬ塢;Ϊˮġ
ˣϲġһӾӨ͸ѡһԵİϣŵҳֿɼĵطĩ˻첹һ䣬ر𣡡
ϲʳЩ鶼źŮ䴫˵ġ
ҳӦ㿴̵һ̧Ŷ
ȥɫַһ̵Աߣ滺Сϲ
βЩᣬ֪ǱŤʲô˵⻰ʱ΢ţָһûгԣ档
ŵǱȥָָ˸Ǹװѵӡ
񼴿֮ҳԱߡ
һֿҳͷ̧ĿָϷʵӶϡ
˼󣬡л¡
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ܷǷΪݻĵط
һϾѽȥҳһٴﶬ⿪ĳίʵʢ
¡ҳ˵һ䣬ܵ
Ǳ㲻ˡ
㻰䣬ָ˿Уֻһӡ
״Ծ˳ȥ
߳䣬ֽŹ˸ʵ

ҳ֪Ϊ׼ģҲһ߳ѣһͬ塣
ҳ֣ŷվտ²С
㹴ЦЦղˡ
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ٴԣҳδûҪδͷȴˣٿȻվ
ɫ°ǰǳǳ÷˿˿ƮЮŵѬϢ
ֻһ䡣
ԸǱˡ
߳˷䡣
ҳλϡ

ãҳŸȥ
⣬⣬Цкˡ
ҳף
û˵꣬Ȼشˣ»ˡ
ˣҳһ͡
紫ţҪ»ȥһ
˵꣬ҳ˲֪
ҳ
Ϊղŷķˡ
ΥŴΥ

ˡ
Ӧǡ20Ľǡ

һ뿪͵֪ˡ
᯽Ǵɿ
ȥͿԲȥͷ䶷һҪôˡ
ľǽԴϲ
Ϊò᯽ȥ鱦ԸлʱµĴ֮١
֪᯽ٶҳЦԷǡ
ţµĻŲߵô죬⿴ҵĳ档
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˭Ϊ
һߣʢ䶷Ȼ䵽ҳͷϡ
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ǰЩһĶȲãҳ๧άĶ
ϼիһʱ
вЩۺĵӣı˵Ǽ˱ˣҪָһ˭
⻰ǡñߵĸ֪ҳǾǼʣ
ҳЦû˵ʲô
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ĽݻЦ£ϲ½ϲס
˵˼䣬½ô𣿡
ҳһͷԺоϵͳ
Ƿ


25 
ҳôҲ벻
ĽݻȻҲڡ֮С
ǰظֳɫߴ͸ȥ䵽͸Ųݣɫ΢΢׵Ľݻϡ
ͬһʱ䣬ϵͳʾġ̡¡
ɡ
濪ʼˢ£ռһ֮ǰڼֺĵطһλ
ĽĽݻ
ҳٿȥʱĽݻ࣬һɫС򣬴ŽѼ״̬
롣
10Ŀ
ĽݻҳڳջĽʾߵһλ
ʼǡ10
ͬʱԴڱ֮̽޹壬ں뱾϶ȣһΪռʱ䡣

ҳĽݻ񣬸Ϊˡ
Ѻõķ룬Ľݹӽȥȱɡ
ɤǫͣʮ˶ĺøС
ȲͲˣĽݻ˳ǣЦҲɻһ֮ҵı֡
ҳĸĿڣ֮
ĽݻڶǰԼ
ҳɽεľϵ
Ľݻĳʼôߣ᲻ϵ
Ͼ
óĽݻһݱֳ̬ȣƺ
ˣôǲǿüݷֱռĿֵҲƺøжȵһֵ
˼ˣҳƴͨ˼·һ㡣
ҪҸһԡ
ĽݻĽǵ½ݣǶš䡯ߵһ𣬲Żôߵġ

ĽݻֻΪһϲѣܾҳ뿪ˡ
¸šҾ㶼Ԥ뿪Ȼ
Ҳһʰã㼴۷ڡ

Ľݻһߣ͹˷ţλĽݹ̬Ȼͦá
ڳԷͬĺһֵģԼһֱǵһ֮ѡ
˵ĽݹӵĽ㣬Ľ޸ĺصĵ׵ܵܣǲžһһΪҲǺĺˡѼѿڶһ䲻ôõĻʻȥڨڨĿڣĽݹǸˡ
ͳɺˡ
ҳкЦ
ӴϲȴҲʲô˼ˣƵһˡ
ҲǴһʼͶӽҳŽ֮Լߡ
ûзϼĻΪƵԸʣҳƻţʦĶʰˣ
ʣֹ̾ס˼лͷ
ղ˵½ʦֵĻܹˣ֮ǰȷʵҪȥġ
δһæߣ½ʦԺ
ûȥѷ
ҳЦӦȥɣϾҪˡ
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ȥʦǺûС
***
ںһ䶷󲻾ãŷ۷š
ǰҳˡ
ˡ
ֻǶԷɫƺ̫ãЩѪ㣬˵ȣ֮ڼʱ¶ľӷҪʢ֡
ֱͦվţһϺõš

ڼˣڤҲ뿪
ҳ뵽Լͷ߲ݣȵ˳ڣӦþʱоһˡ
ûзԽǷ뿪󣬾˵ɽߵһҳδײ
֮ϣԽԽԶ
һڵǱֵʮ˷ܣʱҪˣ
һʢǳڣͲĴˡеմմϲ˵ʼղԼСйС
⻹Ҫ½ʦְ
ᶼڼװϣֿʼεʢ֮У˵Žʱ䷢Ȥ¡

ۻسʱ䣬ǰʱ˴룬˹Уҳµİڶ˼鼫Ʒʯ
ƷƷƷʯƷʯ̺Ϊ棬൱Ĵ۱Уҳ˼Ʒʯʱ䡣
ǻˣ
Զɽ䣬ƶ˵ɽʯ׽ǰңңȥ˼ɾ
ղһ˿ֻ֮Ҳضá
ЯʦֵǻһӾڳ´ˣϢ촫ǣʢһ¡
ҳµһӹɵģٳ˵һеĽַַԴ
ν
ĵرʤҳȫȻˡ
ջصҳδü㣬յħ崫š
ǰ⴫ġ
ֽ׵ʽϢ
䶷ʼͶħٺ֪ҳĵá
ɫֽױץһĽӴħɢɺɫħɵַڿ֡
ҳ̧ۿȥͼһкɫƮ
ݳǣ

ݳǣһ۵ĵط
һǵĺв֮ƣֱһȡ֮ΪϼһΪ¶
ݳΪ
Ŀţҳֻһ֪ݳڶǳʲô£Ż㽹
ѾΪɫССֽױָ⣬ҳ˰һ˿ħֽۣ̽û
ת˲˽Ҫΰš
ҳ˶㾶ֱ쳽ȥ
һ֮վӦ͸Ӧĵ
ĽŲ΢һͣ漴̤˽ȥ
ʦ𡣡
ҳһ䣬߼ĽŲֱֱֻڵߡ
ҳ㿴ƴ֮붨еĽ
ɲǣȻӣ˫ǳɫƵ˫ĿֱӹһĨЦˡ
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·лҪ˵㾲˵ȥ
ҳҲĨǣӹʦɽ
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ǡøҳ㹻˽ʱ䡣
ΨһΣǳ׷һ䣬ȥģ

⻹ͷһҳǰﱨɽ˱ʵȥģƬ̣㲻ݳǡ
ݳǡһ
ҳ֪ǲĴӽϣ˿ȵ
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գΪʦȥǡ
ݳԶͻȻôһ䣬ҳһ١
תͷ˳ŽĻȥǵӿɷʦ𣿡
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ҳӦǡ
䣬ȥֱ쳽壬ִڵĶȥ
Ԫɽ壬ִãɹǰȡģҳÿɽһˡ

ִõСҳνͷǳѵǰĿ
½ʦˣ䶷ʦֿСҲ˵ʢ£ǳ羴
ҳЦЦвݳǵ𣿡
ȥǲݳǣͲٽЩĿĵˡ
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ҳѭָǷȥ
߹ȥ֮
С˼ҳ͵ڲݳǸʦ˵ҪȥݳǣԽ񡣡
˼˵ҲΪ´ƱҪܱߵĵطҳҪȥþڵĲݳǣǡǡײˡ
롭ҳüëûݳǸʱһĵط
˼ʣҲ֪Ǻ½ʦҪ񣬻Լ
˵꣬˼Ŀҳ
ҳ֣򣬡ҽˡ
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˼ʦ֣
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ϣҳ뿪ıӰòջߣ
½ʦÿγһˣôѵ񡭡
***
ҳǰݳС
ԼĪаղŵ
ݳһƬش㣬ֲĴΪס
ĺҡĽҡŷԼҡ
ĺһ֮ƣͼԽҡ
ҳֱӽǷѣڳѡһҿջס£̶ſʼ򰵷⴫
ڿջϷƬ̣ͳһϢ
ҳϱ鲼ɷ֮Ϊǡ
ħ壬ȻҪݵģҳͿŵǴŻڡ̬Ӹġһʸߴˡ
ŹϺ󣬿ջԴĸŷ󣬲ص͵
ˣת۱ָյɣҳμ
ҳ̧֣ϵıŵ㲻ͣô
̵Ľģȫϣ㵱ॵСһһŰ⶯ʱͣ
ڨڨЦ£ԭȵװ̫עĿһʶݣ΢װİһ¡
˵оݣ˲÷
ҳϲԣûټֻﰵһ䣬ֻð־Եĺˣߵ˭࿴һۡ
ȻЩյ˵ǺûʲôЧ
Ϊкܶ˿ңҲ֪ǲڻҵݡ
ҳ

ҳΪħʹµˣһġΪҪͷܵԭ򣬾ͱŵħߣԱʱʱϢ
ԽҲĬΪ
ҳ״Լ
Ѱŵħ¾ǶǴ
ԷӺ񡭡̫ʹ
أҳٹֻǰĴţתʼԽ
һվΣֹȥϵСҼٶһƬ
ҳšü
ܣδܸ
ҳѹ˼ȣĲãʲô˼
ǰһ亹ԽݳǵľһһΪϸ˵һ顣
ԭԽؾǰѾ뿪
ѹ󣬳ȥҳʦֵһǰٸһգԷû˺ߵϢ
Ȼǰ㣬Խǰˡ
˵뿪󣬱ֱݳˡ
ҳԡ
ʣʲôСݳˡڴ˴
˶ĬĬԥŻǵʵ飬ڳ󣬾ûֻ֪̽ȥķ򡣡
˵ЩҪܡ
ҳִˡ
һ˿ħĶйʶ졣

ԽҪǲðţǸϡ
ܹ֪ķҲȫȻ٣֪뿪ټ
ȻΪħʹݵҳԸŭҲǲˣȻҸⶨ
ϵûбɫһϲĵԼӹһ١
ҳ˻ˣ׼иԽ
⻹ʸϵԽʶŻᴫԶڳڵҳ
ˡ⹰
ߵŵһ˲ָմſ
ֻҳ𣬡϶Щʲжˣ
ס˿ŵĶֹֹ
մſһ˿϶ɿ˵
ŷŹرյ
ҳһڡ
Ȼ֪
Ȼһ˲䣬һɫС򣬴͸ŰӳҳҰ
ǽ
ʾš4


26 
4Ľ
ҳǰΪ͸ɫЩ˵ɫСڻƶͬһߵָꡣ
ڼ
ڣԽڼ֮ĴеĽݻܣȻ
Щȫۼڲݳڡ
ټһֵܻڤ
ڼڤµһ񣬳֮ΪұҲΪڼ⣬ҳòΪڤҲڴˡ
ӷ߳
һϮɫĸӰšҳվڿջ¥鲻ϲŭȴ޶˵͸¶һ⣬沿ƺż˿˿޵Ұԡʮ㡣
ֻ޵ʶһ㡣
ϵͳ滻˵ҳģԼӸı䣬ã躮Լġ
ͬһ׾Ų۵ò
һ㣬ҳְ̱ѣǹ¶ݱܻĪһЩ˶סԼ
ҲҳѡϾӹԢһܹ˵潻Ĵԭ

ȴ躮
ӺĵȻ̬ȣҲ㶼ȫ̥ˡ
½ǳࡢԸ񣬻Ƿ棬Ǹ
ϲԸ¶ۣ׾˹ذ࣬ҳҲ֪Լôݳġ
һ˳Сꡣ
ʹˣҳҲӲԼα
Ǹûʵ磬һֻԼ

ҳòۣôڶ¥¥ݿڴʱòһ¥̸˵ɢƵƵ̧ͷ׷׺ļҵĹӡ
Ȼȴûһǰġ
Ũصɷܽûһ˵ĳ䣬ٲȻǸݽǡ
ڼǺεΪȻҲע⵽˶¥Ӱ
ֻϵϢмʶܿʹ뷨
տǸ壬Ȼϵ䵭ռõĹҽЩͬһɷˣ֮ܽʱ䶷ֻ΢һƲǸڵϵ
ħˡ
ڼڤʮ֮ףȻҲп۵ʱ
գڼջߣڿջϷת뿪
ֻ˸档
ڼӣżΣôûڵڲݳҡ
Ǹ˻ϳ
ߺҳƲһڼߵķ򣬻ɫ
֪Щʲô
***
ջΪϦ¶ݳڿһջĴңۺ
䴫ԣϦ¶ĴϽġҥ¶Ϧ¶ջĺҶеĲҵ
֮ܶϦ¶ڴĴҵͷ£໥Լ£ల¡
Ϧ¶Ҳⰵ֮һʱˮǴߣԽԽ
𽥳˲ݳĿջҲǲݳһʿԸ⵽˴ͶޣΪԲҹӻӵܰΪ˲С
ҳ˽⵽ջ𲻹̶̼꣬ӴĹģ
ӵִ˼ȴϦ¶ô򵥡
ȵóϵǣϦ¶ıȷʵϾӪ֮Ϊһ㣬ҳԼ˸²⡣
û׼Ϧ¶ջı֮ˣͲˡ
ֻһҵͷ֪ĴҲƱô򵥣ʶŸô
νºڣˡ
ҳѡϦ¶סµԭҲ˶ࡣӵĵطҪϢٺò
ǵô˴βΪԽΪ
ִõ˼˵ҳӵ֮ǰҪ˽һ

ٽһ¥ΪܼҳΪ֮׵ĴڵӣҪ˼С
ڸ֮ҪУ⡣
ɢ޾ͲؽЩŵүӣʱ¥¾;ۼ˲ٻɢޡĳЩŵ׼ڴ÷
ƹȫߺϾϲˣ˵۳ϡ
ҳôʱһ¥һǡ
ٻкǰƴ
Ψһֻһˣռӣȴһ˺ǰ㶼˵
˵ŷҴϯҪǰȥֱˮȰ
ŷңǸŷ𣿡
㣬ĸŷңĴ֮һŷҰ
ҳԭ￴ܲЩСϢǡʱԱһ˸˵ŷҴϯһ£Ҳ
ƺѾ˵꣬ڵһ˽ӿڡ
ѿ֪ŷǳʲôϲ𣿡
꣬˶
ԼĪﶼֻ֪һ֪ⲻ֪иһ֪ҳͬʱҲ˿ȥ
Ӧ֪Ļ˿¶飬ȻͿʼ棬ѹɤӵ˵¡
ĻһýԼš
ֻŴȻ˵һ˻ȻϢŷҪĺˣ

ŷҺĺҡ
ȥͬΪĴ֮һֻʣ°˸Ӵŵļ㹷֮¡
Ҫģ˭˲֪ĺؽ֮õģĴ֮һĽҡ
һϢίʵ𾪡
ҳǵǰü˵Ľݻ֮Ľ޸ĺصİһ¡
ŷͬĺҽףʵֵ˼
ⲻ뵽ʵۺĺңҪʲô
ıߣֹĺҲ˻ᣬһٳΪ֮ס
˵Ĺ۵˼˵ͬ
ʱһСƶ˼ˮһһڷŵҳǰ̬ȹ͹á
ҳ˼Ա˶Ŀ
òʵڴۣкüͶߣûҶƣֻһ۾ջĿ⣬ҴƳϵĵĺһ˲Ȼ
û뵽ҳԽӽȻЩҲֻǾƬ̣Ϳʼ˵˱ġ
ϵĶꡣ
ҳֱ˿ջ
ٻʱ½ģƭԵӣ֮һ˫ˮ峺ӣǳ׻˵ĺøС
ղûûռȥҳȥ
ʱһ˹ͬƴ
ҳȻͬˡ

ƴ֮ǸĴɢޣΪ˴󷽿ʡ
öˣ䱾Ǹϲֵģǰ䣬ò˿ƴһмĻһ𣬡лλСѣƵʿ
ҳ΢ɲһ顣
ʶ࣬һӺþƺòˣһ߳һߺҳĳл
ֶ˵˼䣬ҳ̽ſʼѯй¡
룿ճԽȥһ⣬͹ӣóǲСڣֻʻıԹ졣
һۡ
üĿºͣҲʮ
룬ǳԸһ䣺Ҫ롣
ԭʵɤѵó˵ء
ҳΪ֮һ
һ֪Щġ
ҪȥʱںȻ
ӵܷӵ룬Űۣѵصſſ
ڵʲô˹
ע⵽ЩϷһöˮͼڡ
Ľҡ
˸뵽⣬һ˻롣ӳʮֳڣĽüݷŲ԰ףȾŲ̬Ǽ˲ٷС
źɨɨĩ˽Ŀⶨһ
ҳͬ߶ϡ
ֻĽݻüëỺڣ͸½


27 
ڲݳУĽݻİϳ
ȻֱֱһҲ˳߿ȥһ½
½
էȻһֻ죬˼һ˳ʢչĹŵӡ꿡ܰ׵λһ£Ѿ顣
Ǹ½ڣ
ڡһлԵģҲϷӦ˹עҳĿȡ
û뵽ܰİ׾Ȼڴˣ
ҳͶߣĽݻͷ֮
ԣĽݻһЦڴˣ
ʢս˵ҳӦôڳڲǡ
ҳ촽һҪػԱߺشһ
ͷȥͼ˫ԲҲţ滹һڸոհǽȥ飬ҳ
ҳҲȿգգۣɵѣ
ǱţеµȥҲʱع񣬡㡢½

ͽɢޣȴҲĽ˺һֻдԵյӺݱ֪ӵĺˣӡ
ʢǰǶ䲻ʢ䶷нһܻʲô˼
ķڷ
ô룬ûϵ˿⣬Ż֮˺һ
˼ˣʿˮʶƱһڣſҳԼͷʾ½ˡ
ʱĽݻҲ˹˶档
ҳ΢ͷشոյ⣬ɽΪ
ݳĽݻ૵ˣһ֮꣬ձȥҸ͡
δ
ĽݻٿȻͷ׵ϸ˼㲡ɫ
ҳɣȻһ룬Ľűһ£תͷȥ֣ƫԴ˸͡
ڵͿеĽݻûзֶ˵Ļ
ͬĿǣ롣
ҳһתɫջĿ⣬漴ĽݻػǱˡ
ûʲôŵģĽݻЦִȥվڴ˶Ƭ̡
á

Ľݻ˴δǰʲôҪ죬ԭŵȴĽӵǼ״˶¥ȥ
ջڼžһɲ󣬷׷ֿʼ˸˵ֻżҳ͵͵Ʋ
Ҳ̸ˣãȻ
꣬¥ݿڴո뿪һĽҵ߳ĽݻƳۣҳ˾䡮ʧ㡯̧¥ȥ
һ뿪ҳԾͷӶЩۣͣǴĿøΪȡ
½
ѹŷŵ͵ɤڵ𾪡
ҳʧЦҲ𣿡
˵ͷҡͷ
Ҳû½ˣڵ޴˵
һ裬ܣ֮˾ǳ÷зλʵƽ
Ĭ˰Σ˼ʣ롭
ҳûţڡ
һ⻰ϵıɷʱúÿ
һ룬Ͳŵૣû뵽뾹Ȼڶ֪ˡ
ҳл˼ࡣ
óⷬ⣬·ڳڵ֪еЩ졣
ɴ˿ɼ֮£ûô򵥡

ŰټڸɷͨЩ½иس飬ֽΪ£Թµ֮á
׳̶֣֮жҲɵ¡
ҳõƣ治ͬµйֻȼʣδϸдִõ˼Ҫдͬʱֵ߹һ
ͷ⣬ҳ֪һ㣬ƱҪ׳㶫ˡ
ɵѿҪһҳ˳
ѣԸ͸¶ġ
ֻǲ֪
ӦĽݻĽкι
⣬Ҳһȥ𣿡˵߷¿ӣ˼ոջҳҲȷʵΪ֪ԷҪһ¡
һǰĽңһʱеܳ
ҳ۶ЦģһţȻԣԺһ֮ͬ˵ġ
ټĽңסһӦûġ
ʱ۾Ź⣬ƺǼˣ͵ͷһھƣĩӲ죬ǾͶлˣ
ǿĽңû뵽гһһɢҲܽȥ
ܿ죬Ľݻʹ¥
ҳȥʱһ࣬һŮӡ
ŮӳüΪ͸Ź˵ʣüĿת価ţƼ˿㣬й¶˹̺Сȡ
߹ԱߵѾ̾ǾĽݹӵĽ㣬Ľ尡
***
˵ĽĺҵˣӦڴˡ
Ȼȴ·Ҳޡ
ҳ̧ĿĽݻҲÿ΢Ľ˵˾ʲô̶˳˹
Ǽҽ㣬ĽݻͬܵĽ塣
ҳ񣬡ĽС㡣
Ľк˵ʱͣƫͷ˴˵ȻĽݼҰɡ
áĽݻӦ
ҳʱ˵ࡣ
ǰԤϣĽݻҲһˡ
ڿջһĿУһ˳Ϧ¶ջĽȥ

ĽĴ֮һ䲻ĸûʣҲǵ̨ͤˮˮƣ͸Źɵš
һȥȻ֮Ϯ棬˶Ŀһ¡
ҳĽݻܶ˺棬һŶ롣

ӣϢĹܼҳӭӣĽ˶٣СҲˡ
Ľݻ̲¶ǳЦףĽ϶ݣһ塯
ЦǺǵģͻȻոճȥĺ
塣ĽݻڴʱƴϣƳһʱͱЩӲĽ壬ɫ΢
ū֪֪λĽߵĹǺƢԣͷߵ˫
ĽݻһۣΪҳలס
岻ɣæ
ҽ㻹ȥݼĸĽݻһ䡣
ҳͷ渶һȥ
;ҳ˵ЩʲôסˣתĽĴ衣Ŀ᾵ļɽӹ̵ĺˮƮϣǳչԲ⡣
ֱһԺ䡣
˵λ롣
󡣡̧ͷ˿ңŴһ顣
ҳ΢΢һЦл
岻֪ݡ
֪Ľݻ⻹⣬ûеʶ뿪ˣЩ
ҳһߣ˴ֻʣɵѣڿ˵ˡ

ֻҳأԿڵ
ҲһķûĴ̽Ĵ֪ʱɫһۡ
½ǲ֪໺Ŵ˵Ȼ˹ĺͬĽҷʲôɡ
ҳ⿴ͬͬŵţλ£ҳĶ档
ʢŽãҳյݳǲҲĺĽݣ϶ʢĺҺŷҽϡ
ҲĽС뿪ĺҵԭ򣬡಻ɵ˽ۣٹãݳǣҪĺһҶˡ
ҳǲףΪΣ
ĺΪŷཻһҶЩкιϵ
Ҳ֪û˵ǾƺȵЩ࣬ɵתһвˮæһ¡
һüֹס˺ĸɬС
ֿҳΪĺŪġ
һϢҳɫһݣʲô
ĺŪģ˸ãŷҲС
һϯ󣬲Ѳ²ҪԵɡ
ҳسһͷٿȻϡ
һǺ죬ԡ
ͷһԡ
ĽҲ֪˴¡
һ˲顯һ죬ҵϵ

ҳſϵˣá
룬ִøδ˵ȴҲᵽ˵֮ôĺŪܰĺһٵǶ֮ס
ⷬٲȻĻϢҳ֪١ջǾȥһ̽пǡ
ҲʱжŲˮĽŵСˡ
ҳ˿˯࣬Խ˵ܰæȥŲ
С˵ķ£ҳǳϸûаӣ֮ƭʮĸɾӣС̬ȺܺãӲصģϾͽ˹λӷȥ
꣬౻̧һ᷿ڡ
ҳķߡ
һͷһҳڷУŵ˿ȡԽϵ
ڼ߲ݡ
ɫСƿҳģ͸ƿͼ߲֮һĨӨӨԾֳĲ
ǧ
֮꾡
ҳ߲ݣЩ
֪ڤݽԭ
˵п½Ψһһ߲ݣ㽻ҳǼ
ⲻ֪
ҲǶ
***
˵ҳľӪĹŵӣԹ˳̬ǻЩϲ
Ǳ磬ʷߡ˶Էū˲ٵ˽⣬Ͷãδй
֮ħ磬һӮԽΡ
Ψڤ
Լ
һУҳҲ⣬ֻڤ֮ʱڤͬ١
Ȼڤ磬һ뻯꣬޲ǵı졣ڤڹľǣɱסڹ֮ˡ
һ֮ᴦԻ̬ȣҳʵӦ
֪ǶڤڹҪԡ
ûҳı£޲Ƕڻ£Ȼ¶ǰһȻģҲʵʵһ·֮ˡ
ڣҳȷ
ȡڤΣ߲ϡ
߲ݣǰ·ǱɡǳɽǰԿҳҪô

ҳ΢оһ£߲ϸǧνʱžͱ졣
˭ҳ봢Уſڡ
һ⴫룬ҡ
Ľݻվ⣬ҳžͶ˶ԷЦߣʣæ
ҳҡͷγ˲ˮûУֻǴһᡣ
ִ˸ǷĽݻЦΪ˴ʢ䶷һ㣬Բλࡣ
ҳЦ£ۡ
㿴
Ľݻ˴ιĽѱĽݷųҳǰǰš
һ֮ꡣ
λɵĽݻͬ𣬿һˣʵ
ҳ˰֣ɵѴ˿²ѣҵþͺá
šĽݻǣɤƺЦ⡣
ҳƳһۡ
ĽݻЦˣü𣬡մϦ¶ջʱҼɵѺȵġ
˵ʱͣ˼룬Ųżǧ
ǧ
ҳ͡
Ľݻǰǧ
ҳ
ǵã񻹺˲١

һ磬ֻˡ
½ϲˣһ
ҳĽݻԶĿ֮ϽɡʵֵĲȣжĽݻ
Ŀɫ
11
ڸոմӱ߳лʱǵġ
Ȳ룬Ľݻҳˡ
ҳҲûӱ㿪ʼԣЩֲл˿˿ƵȥڵڳͣеϢ֮Ч
õ;Ůˮģҳ̾һĽҡ
ƴ֡
Ľݻƺϰ߱ٹȣûжԣ΢Щͣ˿ꡣ
ҳԼ̫ࡣ
ԣҳϴΣõĻݣؾĽݻʱԷҲô˵

һҵĹӣȻУ롣
ҳû̫࣬Ȼͷ
ȻֻĽݻֵǰΪ񣬿ɷ֪һݳǣܰﵽһ
ҳһ٣һʱû˵

Ĭһ˲ҳ̧ĽݻĿԡ
ĵ˵Ǿδˡ
Ҳǻǲģһ¾⡣ǰ˽⣬˿֪ˣóȻ˵вס
׼Ҹڿܲȥʱ
Ȼ߽һ̴ӡ
Ľݻȥ̴ӹӣˡ
̴ӻһ£Ľݻվ
ûʲô飬Ʋһ̴ӣֿҳʧ㡣
ҳӦһͬʱ˿
ĽݻԼȥıӰлһĨ˼
ǰʱԼǾ䣬Ľݼȥĺ
Ӧĺû
ôڣĽݼظӦǴĺһģ˼ȻصĽҵĽ塣
Ľݻȥˡ
ֻǲ֪⸸Ӷ˵̬Ƿһ¡
ţҳӦʲôһ䣬ƳŵŮ¿Ӻ
ŮǰѯʣҪȥģ
ҳ򴽣ҳԺˣر󡣡
ŮææӦûжʲô
ҳҴһ˱һ᷿Ϸţһֹ˿̽С硣
ȡһ⾵
ϴ˿΢⣬ۿоҪֳ棬ҳȻһ亹ϵͳҲʼ
⾵УԽӦˡ


28 
ҳû뵽ԽôϵŴǰʱʹسɴ硣
̵ʱ⾵ҲһĴųɤֳӰо뱾Զ
ԣҳһϢʱħй¶ԽӦ
뾵˫ɫͫϣ봹ѵݳڡ
Խƺǳһ˲Σ
ҳʶ
ֻ˵Ϣʯ㡣
ǰڴƼʢϣΪ˱ԽŻõϢʯ˿ڲݳڣϴ
ҳûػԽ˵һ䣬Ӷʼ
ﲻԣ
γԣҳסߣƽ
Խɨܴ͸桢ֱġ
ҳѭĿ⣬ָ̧ڶǰָһȦǳǳˮգ̫ðˡ

Խͬҳ˵ڵλá
ȷʵڲݳڡ
ҳӦºͷųһħħһֻɫֽףһȦֽףȥҰ⡣
ȻԽ͸¶ģôʱȥҲӦûʲô
գҳ˻ȥ
ȥԽ
ʱԣȥѰһ롣
ҳô㾶ԳĽҡ

ԽĵطһҳʱɫȻ˴롣
ӦյϢһʱ͸˹˱ҪһЩҳʱȼ
²μ⹧
ҳӦһƾһ˫ħͫҹɫĿڰѲƬ̣οߴ˶ӡ
ګګѾķԸѶժˡ
Ҫժ˼Ҳ޿ɺǣ񣬸òѶɹȥɡ
Ҳûֵ𣬻ʱϲЩСˡ
ҳһаЩԡ
ҲֻŻŻˣĩһ䣬ȥ

ҳֵȺħ壬ηýҶΥ
ֻ֪ʱħодԣħ˵ʹɷ֮Ըҡǣֵµħһֲ˺á
һһǱޣʮ߽ڹǱޣ˵Ϲħ޵ĹͷƳɣ߿ֱ꣬ƥ
ʶû˸Υ֮ʲôʱǽڹǱ޾䵽Լϡ
ҳֻЦԼ̫㣬˸ǡ
ħŷʵǿΪħħǿߡͬ磬ͬʵΪȴԶħŽᡣ
ħ磬ħһħ׳Ƴ
ҳΪԷʹʵǿᣬħһڶҲмӡ
ħǿʳĹҳʾǳЩɣͨԵħǡ
㣬ֿѬġҰĲʤ
ħһȺϸ
Ȼʤ£ȴûʲôƣ˵ǺĻԡ
ĻУҳֻ紫ţħħδŻཻ֮֮˵δ̫Σ
˵ǰ㡣
ħԲʲôöǻô⡣
ôţҳߵ˱Χ΢˹ӣ¼
***
ֻ֮ϣһµԣںӳ⣬ĵϷ˿һӰ
˿˿ƵħƮ޾ѹֳơ
ҳƳۣħǣڲԾй˿ģҵơ
Ũصħת˲ȫҳüͷššǿѹ¡
ϡ
һ
ҳ̧ͼԽѾԣҳָֻ֣޳ȳƣһö񾲾̯ġ
Ϣʯ
ҳûоܾӹϢʯɲǣԭԴԴɢħ˲¡
Խл
Խƺɨ衣
뵽ǰãĿȥɨӰ⣬˵Ƿˮתҳ˳ǡ
Խͬ˵汾ߡ
ҳȥģջûʳڣǡ
Խ뿪⴦
ܿ죬ҲԥԥҪȥģ
ҳؿһۣһҪſڡ
֪ʧԣϴϵǽһ죬ˡ
ҳ
˵ԼҲ֪ġ

ħȥֱֱ˲ݳǾڣҳӹޱҹɫӿһĪ
ֱǰٿشһѹֵ档
ҳһȥɽ͵ּ䣬ƣɭɭ֮С
صੵʲôطҲ̫Ũˣ
ʱĵطȻûниע
ĵطһ쳣Űټҵע⣬˴Ӧ˲
ҳȴ׹Ӧþ롣
ڣȻ״δ˽⡣򣬾´˵ء
ŨӴɷ֮һΪͻߺ̤ͨ㣬ǳŲþ͵ñΪ˵Թ
¹ǣҳŴǰԽ
Ȼڣɽּ䣬˿˿
ҳ˿ڣĿԶ
һզǹɣ
Ȼˣ̾˵Ӧв顣
˼䣬ȴֻɽ֣δʳ˵˴顣
ӦǱ˾ˡ

ҳԾɽּɭ׹ֻз
ѾĻ
ĺŪģĿĽΪ֮׵ĻҲίʵ˲ܡ
˶飬Ҳ֪ǶĻ
ĺɱ˶ˣŷе˺ֽɫΪΪŰ
Խ棬Ȼ˴󷨡
ҳĿ¾˿ûв
˸еɷ֮ƶûˡ
Ҳһ˭Ūġ
쳣ĵؽ磬϶˴Ļ£ǲ֪Ŀʲô
ڼʲôˣȴҲܴЩᵽĶǻҪħ壬޷Ҳǻᱻġ
ŪطѳƲΪˡ
˵ţϤϤĽŲʱסΡ
ֻ洫һ˵ɪɪģӣǻǲҪȥˣСˡС˺¡

ҳһֻЩ죬ȥͿĺһʹӣҹ

ĺһ󣬴ֽȡһ;ķӹȥ¾ţҪӰ¡
˵ţּǰ
ӣȥ
ɴˣҳȷȻĺйء
˼ˣۿֱֱȥĺأüƺ˪ѩ
ӣҪȥҪ֪Сֹ
ĺֹʼĶ졣

˸òֱӽȥɣ˼
ֱĺغСǰԽᵽﱻ󷨡
Ȼ˽˼ĺرһε͵˳ȥС˾һӣ
ô£
ĺؾȻҲ⣬ĺҵ

̾ҳͷڴ˿̣ĺصŭ
ʲôĺѸٴӵһڣû뵽׾ȻңһҪ浽ײʲô
Թޣż·ŭ
ĺٿȻʼϣƾʲôܾ֪ҲܣҪе֪Ҳ
С˼öͷðӣ侲ӣ
ȻС˵Ļû˵꣬ͼĺٶ⵽ɱײɳȥ
ײԼϣ͵һѪ
ҳǱ˽̸ĺŭ֪ԷӦ֪ġ˸ֻ֪ǲ֪˰ʲôġ
ʱԶٴδһɼϢǳϤ
ҳһ
ǹ


29 
εħɲǼ佫ҳڵ֣һ˿Ϣ޴й۳ֵԽ漴˲Զ
ĺͶһһ
ǰǿܵķ֮ͣٲȻԪˣǵѪҹ£Եޡ
ӡС˹һԣΪ۾ɴ˼£ǸոСﾭ̣ҡҪȥɡ
С˺¹麦£ŴΥĺСͰͲͣ
ȻһΣĺȴûͶɳƵЦ̧ͷķۿ죬״
ܵĴС
Ϊ״ǰʢҪԼû뵽Ȼ˵ģ֪
ĺطһͺΪʲôΪʲôȲ
һ˲ǿվ
һҪȥĺشֽȡһֽۿá
ĩóһѳȻģѪ׼ֽ
׼ǿƳˡ

ͬΪĺѪĺµĺδؾ벻İ취˻ס
֪ĪҲһ
ҳĺؽһŵѪҺķֽȥдʡ
ͬһʱ䣬ڼҲĳһȴӦҲڵĺ꣬ȴǲ֪˱ø硣
ڤ֮Ĺ򣬱֮ħ硢Ҫߵö࣬ҲֻҳԸݽλôƲڼķ
ԽͰ⣬ǰ֪˹Ǵͷβ޴Ӳ
ۿĺذѷֽȥ󷨾˷ӦʱⱩٶȸӿˣһ̺ʢ
ҫĿĺɫâһƬĺؾʱǣ˷ܣҳɹˣҳɹˣ
˴󷨽ȻҪĺѪܿ
ܿһϸ죬ĺعϰһֵֻĻƣѪע󷨽ϣĺâյķΧԽԽ㡣
ԭһ϶һ
ǡĺЦˣԽЦԽҵҪʲô
ڽϸȫҳע£ڼǸˡ
ܿģĺؿĵطһɫӰϢ˽С
ڼжһ˲ԽҲȷ֪ϢԷ¶Ƥ¡
ߡԽ
ҳĬħת˸ڼһ롣
***
ĺæ졢˰ѪҺⲻ֪ȴΪ˼¡
еĶҲȫȻڲʲô
ҪĶ

һ뵽뾳ڣͿʼ˿˿ϮֱӽɢħɣҪһһʳɾ㡣
һ壬пܸ꣬һ⡣
ҳиĿԱһɨյƲĿ⣬һʱ죬ʵּһ
ڼǻɣҪ跨赲Ӱ΢ȽСʶٶҪϲ١
ֱȥ
;İԼϢԾŸĹ𣬲İɷ֮
ԽȥĲҽаϡ
Щ鷢ġ
ҳĪһļ£һѹ
ͻȻ
ͬʱǰԽҲӦʲôת
ֻҳϵħܿƵӿ
ȥ

Խı΢һ˫üײɫͫһ벻ʱ˷Ӧ
벻й¶ħҳϣһʱסƤ֮ʣ䱻ٿؿס
ħк޾ıŰɱ֮סЩϮȻɢ
ҳһͷԽĿԼʣ޶һʣԷҲȷʵǰ
ҳɫ˳ƽȴл
Խš

ҳħй¶ԭΪղȣű˿ûѹסħ
գҸõĸ㡣Խڡ
ϢʯҳԽԽСˣͬá
ǡ֪ԽΪѰѹħĶΪʲôȻܾȻ±ǣֻɫԷꡣ
Ƕħܿصķꡣ
һЩ޹ķ
ݵͣٶǰԽҳȼС
ڶˣĿȴʱʱҳԷħٴα˵ĳҲ٣ֻƺƵ
Խ棬Ӻ֮࣬ҳֻԼܵһɰеǣ㡣
״ڳ״ϵͳʣȫԼо鲢򵥣ֻϵͳܸ𰸡
ϵͳʲô

ϵͳ顣
ͳġ
һ𰸡
ҳȻ֪飬ҪʵĲֻ
֪ǣھʲôƺŲСϵһ̤ܵӰ죬˵Ạ̊́ȴݺӡ
ֻѪϵͳһ䣬ҳôشҲûȥҵ㼯أһоͶˡ
ٶ룬ҳתעеܱߣÿһ·ʵּ˻ɫֽϸ֮²֪
ǸʲôƷֽһŻֽǮаɫᦲУһƬƬޱҹɫԵùۣ֪δε졣
ֽǮƮ˿Уºֱ
Ȼ
ĺڻЩ飬ŵѲ³ԷҪЩΪãֻҪͼıõʱһŸڣԽϢΪĸ
ĺҰĲС
⻰ֹҳŵİҲͬʱ²ۣĺһͳ粻ɣ
֮УȫŰټ֮ˣ뷨ĺؼ˵һĺļı¶ɡ

⻰˵дŵȴֻ
ɼʵһȤ¡
νͬΪıħĹϵǺܺãжħħһǰ˶Ǳʶİħ֮Ტ
˭ħħ޴ŸϵĲͬһı˺ӵˡ
ʿħѡΪħΪ˲ݣȫЩ̰̫أ޷ܵĿŻ;ȴ֮ȫ̵ħͷϣǰװױ˺ôһںڹ
԰²ĺпһսһͷֳҲеġ
˵䣬Ҳʱ˵
ҲֻлڴˣŸʱĺħ˵ϳǲ̫Ұ
˵䣬ˡ
һˮŰɫۡǰһͼڵ鱻ںڳ֮УϽ¶ʹɫʮŤȫ죬˻
ڽӽڳغԽΪҳͰһ磬ڼ֪̽
ڼȵһ˿ںڳرߡоźڳµһȦƣģڳǲںɫĽ̽ȥ
ںɫɰīˮͿĨµľͷǿɲа
ҳǱ߿һۣһۣ˵
ֻΪˡҳ
׼ȷ˵Ȿԭҳ


30 
ںڳصһУҳ㾫µϱ鲼ۣնڳһǣƺǿڲԣֻధ졣
·ʹȴʲôԵһ鷢ҽԵΪ롣
ҳܹϳԷ˿ͷϵͳܣϵͳϣʾǡҳϢһ統ˮ״μȻ
ϵͳҳһкݵĸ
뵽ġ
ʱȻµԼҲѯʹϵͳȷʵˣȴǻѱֻ뾡뿪ˮΣ㽫ԭԵˡ
ǰһҳΪʲôҪһҳȫΪеһˣԲŻһ档
ľŵȥ
еϵͳû
˼·ҳ߽ͣŵˣ

ҳֳǸӣȻܵ˲˵Űʩ˭ҳʱȷ
ֻ˵֮ȻˮʱĲ״й֮޲
ǲǣˡĴϱϡȻҵ֮ǰ
һΣϵͳûװһ׼ȷĻӦ
ϵͳǡ
ҳĵȻ׷ʣôΪʲô
˵ǱС˵е˺зľòﻹҪһҳء
ģģ䣬ҳԼץסһ˿⡣
ǵģԭȷʵҪ
һУ޵ڽԭźõľͳͳңǱΪ֮һ
ҳһʣ㵽ʲô
ԭġҳȫȻΪģֻǰгıĴҸҶѡ
ǶԷͲ֪ԭˣ䵽еģͻȻԼ
һʼ߾Ǳҵġ
Ծ˲ӡ
ϵͳ
***
ҳûзϵͳĬȥԺ۳ķ籩Գķŭ
Ī磬޶˿һ
硢ħ硢硢ڤرǸͷӬƵҴײҲ֪²٣һʱűΣһеĿ˶ʼһĴңԼϵͳûӡ
ƺǲ̽ŭȻϵͳûʵҲûĴ˸顣

һߣڼоڳһȦƵǣͷţһһĽе
ɹˡС˵Ʈŵ˿˿ɢĹѹ
ڤе˭ΪӦʮ֮һ
ţ˳
ҳͬϵͳƱҪŪԭġҳԭԼ˷磬Ϊʲô
ϵյ˻ش
һ࣬ħ˵ĵͳɤڼ
ԽڼʹõĹ²ԷݣȻ
һ¼С
ԭȻһɲ
ڼξ޵УΪǶɽڣֻҪΣʶԿɱȻĨ˯ѡ

ôţȻȴħֽһӺŵĻ
Ҳ⡣Խͫһ̶ڤ

ͬһʱ䣬ϵͳɿڡ
ҳɫ˵ȥ˽ԶԷϰΪûоʲôԡ
ϵͳڴˣǱϵͳ˷磬Ǵ˷Ҫ
Ҫ㣬ˡ
ҳ⻰ЩʧЦĴԹһڽĻȣЦЦ㲻ڿЦ
⻰ʲô˼ɾ
ҪռߵֵŵԲų⡢Ŀȫ㣡
аѾϸƵġ
ҪǻȨȫӲˡ
˼ˣҳЦЦҪ룬ؾһ١
Ҫ
أҪռߵˡ
ҳһ󷢽йڶϷ룬˼òǡ
Ļδ˵꣬ϵͳȻ˴𰸡
ϵͳǡ
ҳ͡
ϵͳҪߵ˲ȫ
ҳ֪ռЩֵԱռ߲ӰĻҪΪЩϼȡˡ
ʱԽͰ֮ĶԻ
ڼһڤҲڣֻǲ֪Էںδ

ҳƫתػϵͳʼ
ϵͳ󣬳ȥԭеͨ壬ӵԵĻܣɻ׹һһ
ϵͳһѽĺôҳͷεֻһ룬ϵͳ˵
ϵͳ޸˷罫
ҳһ٣ϵͳʵĽ顣
ϵͳ濼ǡ
ҳ
ȫΪԼǶϵͳҲ߶Щ鲻ܴһʼȫȻ֪
ڣѾ޷Ķ
ҳϲһڻÿʵʦֵǣϲһȺɿɰСǣħûлĵħҲͬкøУڤЩʱǰ档
УЩһһʵдա
ʱԺ޹˼ɵȥһˣѣ֪
롣
ҳĬ
պԲİµɹˣ

ҳĻڼǱ߿ȥ
ͼڳȦںɫӡȥƺ
ɻҪʲô⿪ǲƣЩ᲻
ҳ֪ڼʲôԽΪλᷢȻǰһ
߲֪ƮںڳС·ž޴ĥġҳͽȻӿһ棬Ҫپ
ԭġҳǱ˭ɱſȷĺˣֻǲ֪˭
Щǡ
ҳԺֳһӽʵȴֽŵĲ²⣬ģȫǡ
ϵͳȫ塣
ѰʹȻϯȫҳӲͷƤʼЩ顣
ȫ±ҪڴˣʱջᱻƳʹ񡭡
ĺҡ
ҳӴݼ伷ĸ֡
ҪǴߣҳƽеûʲô취Ͷ̥ת
ͬΪҼˣҳΣҲǲܡ
ϵͳ¡

ȫ綦ķǵڣʤܹѾƳ곬ȣǰĪ
ҳ˱ۣش
ڻΪǳȣҲΪһˡ
ʣͶڼϣֱһںɫӡɢȥڼҲ˲١
޵Ĺϡ
Ǹҳʵ
֪ԽҪʲô
Խڣ󷽵һ߰ĺ᳹ɽȡ
ĺں
ڼҲһϣֻͣһ£ûٹעͷųе¶˼
Ȼͷһ˲䡣
Ȼ̧ͷҳ˵ķֱ



31 
ڼһ㷢Žҳˣֻδ
ĹڤҲȷǻ½֮ͬˡ
˵ǰյΧʱûзּڲصϢôڽ˽ʱ㱻ڼ׽
һ󿴿ħֿĿ¶ɡ
ǣıˡ
Ǻ޶֮ʣڼ뻷֣̬ȻĶ߻һ·һ棿
ڼ˵òƫᣬһ˫Ʊֶ飬ͦ£͸Ź޺죬纬˴ˮ㣬ֻ˿ɫԵ
¿ӣмְʹĶ࣬ȴ㲻
ҳ״һ̤
ģǺ˵İ⣬һ߳
ڼǣ΢΢ƺȷ˵ݡ
ֱҳһҲԱˣԽӺ߳ڼٿ¶죬ֻ촽˶
ħ𣿡

ڼ֪ԽݵģֻǶںϲʶԼȷܿ죬Խ䵭ɨһۺ󿪿ڡ
ڼ
ȻԼĳƺֱħħĵڼ˶٣ԷȻ֪
ħѪײСֶκΪѹһħ󡢱һ궤ħϣԲ̴
ڼۣɢŨصѪɷ֮㣬һ˲Ŀڣû뵽ħ˾ϵҡ
˵գڼһЦֻǣҸû뵽ǣħϲ͵˵á
䣬أԿڣ
֪Լԣ˭ûǲᵣڵĽɫ԰ֻӲͷƤˡ
ڼЦ΢һ룬ħɱ˹ӵħͬҶ֣δЩ̫ˡ
״ڽ⿪ʱĶ࣬Խûкô
ڼű飬׼˵ʲôʱ
һϮɷϢĶڼʶתֽ̧¡
һغɫǱޱͬʱ֮ӴĵطƤҵĴʹü
˳ŹǱ޵һ˿ȥ
Խͦδжɫͫж˵ƽ޲ѹȸ
ֵġ
ڲҳ

ǱһӳԶ»һʧ֣Ӿ˦ˡ
ʮ߽ںɫǱޣݺݵش˸
ʮ߽ڹǱУƺܸоͷϹħޱıűǣ궼顣
˻
˵й֣ڼȴҲʵʵܵ˹Ǳ޴̲ס˿Դӳɵ٣Ŀ˿Թ
Сѣ˵Ҫ
ڼ˵ţҳΪ˵Ҳǻϵļ𡣼֪֮ǺƷ׵ʵһ۷塣ҲܴӺߵĹ֪̽Ͳ󣬷ǵ󣬻С
ǡҳЦһǵĻȴźݾ
ţȻڼеĹǱޡ
ĴʹӾ磬ڼۣһںۼȻ࿴һӳ˹
עʮħĹǱ޻ӳֺֹ
ڼæԹûȥӣ˿ҳڡ
õǿ϶ʡ
ҳΪ֮Ҹʵβƣȫϵͳ󿪷֮ţҲΪ硢ħ硢硢ڤʱṩ˴ı
һ죬ԼŬҲ벻ϵͳİʶȴҪѹΪڵݵ½༸ʵǲ͡
ҳ˽ϵͳȷʵĻжҲѽ˶ԷղĽ顣
޲
ˡ
***
ÿжһΣǱһϣľսܡ
ҳξ֮ȻĴڡ
ȫ֮࣬ĸǣ֮еһж
Ҳ⡣
Բ磬Լͬʱȵģбĵ֮ˡ

ˡ
ţߴһ䣬ҳڼĹ
һҳ㿪
ԽƳһۡ
Ӧݣڼźҡҡͷ
ȻҳǱս⣬ڽŴ̼ѪҺ·𶼿ʼڣһ˦ϵĳޣָ졣
ˣҪˡΧİţøԶˡ
˶һµĺԵ쳹Уҳӱ޻ڼ˽뽩֡
Ǹ󷨲ڼľǰ֮Сδָȫʱҳһ顣
ҳʵͲ֮ͣϹħƳɵĹǱ֣Ҳ·磬ž죬ʱʱڿлӴ𻨡

չǲһȼ
ڼôҲǿԽҳһ󾳽ʵ𽥲С
躮
ֻԽỺڣɤȻȴǲͬڼ˵ʱǰпԡ
ҳûģšüͷü£һǳǳĹ֣ϵĹûͣ
ڼںҳֵĹҲԽĻԷҪˣĶҳ
˾ȻҺӵħĻħ
ԽûзŭֻƽĽͶתٴλӳһ޵ҳϣ쳣˿ûвá
ڼһҳ²²
˲ħһΥԷ
ţڼǣǰƮеתΪá
ҳ΢˳ȫħħ࿹
ƵĺΪѹϯнӽ˵ʵЩִ޵ֶЩӲ
ɾڼǰһ룬һɸΪӴס
ڼЦȻﲻסˡ
ħǿ°
һ̣ǿħ֮ѹ£˲Ρ

㵽Խᶯ֣ڼԼֵһ⣬æȥ
ԽȴûиϢĻᣬһѹ
ڼֵϥأѾʼȣ濴⳯ԼĹҪ¾ƹˤ
ҳͫȻһõ˼¡
ڼڻ
еĻûеԽɫȻһ١
ת˲䣬ԭϥֳŵصڼʧԭֻһƲĹڿε
˾ڼ
ҳͽȻһɣת뵽ˡ
ڤ
ڤȻڴˣ˶ã˶٣ʱֵģΪڴ˹ͷųִڼ
ֲ²ӿԺҳĿ
ǡʱ춯˳ڵİԶԶˣʱ͵ˣ
ںڳԵ˼뿪˴ȴûԶ
ڤȺóĸ֣ǲᷢԽµħϵģҳǾվڲԶ
ͼҴҸһˡ
ϣĺΪ׵һȺĺҵˡһ࣬һɫ۵ˡ
ĺرĺҵѹں档

˶ĺżæŵǰ鿴ڳĽƱ٣߻һƾȵĺϡ
ĺŵĵۣۿң
ĺŭӴľ㣬ӣȻܵˣ˵˭ģ
ŭҪסĺʱɫ۵ͻȻǰĺ֣԰ꡣ
һѱȣ۵оתȰֶҲǱ֮ãǻڣĺֺαش
ĺҪôױȰסգ۾ͻ˳ȥͶ˰ѪĺشòУ·ֿʴֻܱ尤һ
ٴشĺطЦһЦһѪô֪ô֪βĺöӡҵĺöܣĺҶҪ֪ˡ
һ³ѪΪĽΪʲôҪ뿪ĺңû׼ֻ֪ø࣡
ĺԽ˵Խ죬ЦøӴ̶ͱӭ˹ȥ
ˣĺŭ֪ĺػĶӡ
ӶĺظղſĻ
ĺ֣ɫ۵ģŷҼŷɣҲ̫ÿɵô죬ƻǷǰ
ǳ̸ȫĺĸ˶˲ܻ䡣
û뵽ǣ֮ĶԻԱ˸ȫ
***
ҳû뵽ĺ顢Ϊľ֮ףǰ˵
ͼıģŰټ֮׵λã֮󣬻иΪӴҰġ
ֹʿ飬ĺħ塢顣
뵽ǳΪΪãʵǲʿɵġħʿӴôɳʵҲǳɱ
ֻǲ֪Ӻζ
뿪ԽǴ֪Ǻδ㡣ҳûиȥֻð
Ҳͬʱѯϵͳ
Ϊҳ̹ȻĽϵͳ֪޲ԡ
Ϊʲô𣿡ǻصǸ⣬ҳΪ⡣
˵һ޲ѵӦȥΪʲô
ϵͳԭ򣬱ȫһС
Ǹ˭ҳѾ˲²⣬ȻĪ
׶𣬸Σҳ֪·ʵΪձ趨Բˬ
ȻǼȶǡ
̽뷨ϵͳ񶨵Ĵ𰸡
ϵͳǼȶ
ôǡҳȴ͵ضס
ȶ
ˣǱеġ
أôһозıĿܡ
Ҳ˵ǲǷȻĪ

ҳԼ뷨𾪣еҭǣϵͳδԷ
ƺĬϡ
Ȼǣô˭ǣ
ͷҳǿѹȥĴ̫ãԵòʵʶĺԵ
ôܲȻ˫жʹ˷ǳ˿ȣı˫
ϵͳʾһ˲پ飬Ȼ֮·ֻ˳
ҳûȥ¡
£ĵ֮ҪһԱ飬ϵͳʾҵƽܹ֮ǻָǡ
ЩҪĺȫ֮ǰС
ٵȥˡ
ţûȵҳصĽңһƳԲĹƳƮ

ڼԭѾ˰ħһĴ㣬Ҳ֪Էȡֻ⡣
ħڤĴսͲԶˡ
еĹûеǰһ뿪Ǵڳأתһȫش
ڼ΢ֻ֣¶һЦ
μڤۡ

μ꣬ڼ˿ڤ۳ֵüʱȻⱾصӣܳŲһ¾Ҫ
εİװУþûд
ڼ̯̯֣վֱӣȷʵڤԤϵ뻹ڲһ
ڳ֮е·
û⿪ڳĽʱǿͻǰµǲѳ
ƺǷסˡ׼ȷ˵Щԭѹǵǡ
ٹãɡ
ħӦҲˡڼһνֻɫЩ
ڴʱдһɤ
֪δڶ治ء
ڤ֮˵ΪҪ
вҲָ
ڼ˵ֻǸ
롣
̵һԣйεʼӡ

ҳյģڤĴ١
ϸ֮£Ҳˡ
ڼСԼĪûûʮ궼ָ
գҳһͷ
ȥڤ︴


32 
ҳ˳һƹ̤ҹɫָķȥ
ڤɿκһڤˣǣҳֻĵ̺ۻ
ܵǣεĿռ֮ת̼䣬ҳҰгһӰ
ҽˣּˡ
ڼŴǶ֣΢ɿ¶һСƬţԼɿѩ׼ϵһǣ˵ޱߴɫ
ҳãڼ壬ҲΪΪʣŵ¼֮һһ¶̬һǽŲۡ
ҳҲֻһ۾ʹĿ⡣
ֻĿ֮͸Ũ׵Ƽ䣬һ2Ľסߡ
һΣδصİп
ڤӰδйһƲ
˿̣Ǹ΢мɫɫš
ڤڴ˴ҾԶ
ҳ۽Ŀ⣬漴ڼڼˣղ״̬ƺˡ

ҽ֮ġ
ˣҳֻһۣͿڼµήҡ
ڼһۿҲûʲôԣЦ
һҳϸָǳɫĿڱָһ¶󣬡͹ҽˡ
Ц۾
ҳûо̧ܾ֡
ذ׵Σҳָ̧䵽ڼ䣬أ̽
ͬʱڼой̽ľߡ
ڼעҳ룬ͼ΢ţɤǳڼˡ
ͻȻסڼδعֻʶšһŵôˣ𣿡
ڤУǲʿӵʵ壬Ǿǵ塣
һĹתķָٱķѵʱҪܳʱ䡣
ҳĳ֣Ƕڤһ
ҽ֮ʵ飬ľΪҽε¡
ȻҳҽԶֹڴˣֻδɽ¶ˮ֪ˡ
ڼҳջ֣˫ӹȥ̬ȻĪ͸Ź͡
ҳԿɷģ
йҽڣԷġ
һ룬ڼȾ֬촽˶Щ

ڼδʲôˣֻ󣬳˸ɡΪ̫ࡢǿн⿪ڳصĽƣϺҳһͨԴԽʱѹȡ
ҳǲòڼǿӲͷ
ʱûԽֲ˺ãԽսô׵ġڼʵͻڣȫʢʱڣҳһжӲסԷ
ҳ΢һ£ȷֻǱùǱ޻ӳħʴĲλԼϵһ㽹ںۼ
ɿϴҽĹ̻굤
˵ţҳӽȡһƿݹȥóһСУҩϵ˰̡
ƵģһжŵþȻⲻ֪ҳеһ䣺ԼŪˣԼҽΡ
ڼӹСƿȴûȥһֻϵСС
ҳɻ
ֻڼЦһһЩζĻȣҲ
ĵĽڣЦ
ⶫš
ڼͷһرһС˵һƢõСµģš
˵ԻҲҳĻӦ
ҳĶаͣͣ漴Ͱҩ˻ȥ
ĩʵڼ˿֪ڤڷ񣿡
ȴҪͿҳ˵𣺡ڤ֪ν¡

һȴûʲôҪǣڼ˼Ÿô͡ڤֻΪƣҳѾԷΪҲá
߲ҳ߲һ»δнвƳǧҩԡ
ҽ߿κֲݶҩԣǶҩ
ҳһ˲ΪһҲڤӰ
̧ۣͼɫĽɫ
Ũ׵䣬һӰǰ´¿УֻܿΪء
ǳǳѹ㣬ͬһ
ҳֻƲһۣ۽ޱ΢΢䣬ڤһ¼ڤۡ
ΣڤδлӦ
ҳҲһԵڼͬʱпȥɫù˼֣Ƹղŵɢ
з·ϸСڹҳżһǳ૰ĵƺȴֳ˸Ŀǣһʱֻ㱳
롣
ֱ治ʾ仹ǿ϶䣬ֻһ򵥵Ļ
ҳ˶񾲣¡
ţظľ
***
ڤǿڤף˿ҳռУΪѹԵһ
ͺñڣǿüȴֺһ㿴ǵʵֻһ翵ĳˡ
һϵľ룬ţȥӽԡ
ôţҳеЩͷۡ
ȻԷʵǧɽ⡣
Ϊ̵ļ֣·һ˵ۣҳԹ⻰˼صտɽ⡣
ͬࡢģɵĶԴ
ɹƽ޲Ȼ̬Ϊ֮
ڼһʱȤĿҳ
ԣΪһȤˡ2
ע⵽ǵķȣҳ±Ȥ
ǡ2
ӳʼġ2ӵΣǡ2ͣһ6档
ȥɡ
ǿڤٶȴ͸
һΣҳеĴпһ˿
ƺЩ
ȱȱ

ֳɹջڼ2ĽΪӯռʱ䣬ҳջ뿪
ֻйǧĽⷨҲüӽȡ
صĽеıʱսûãĽݻ͹ˡ
֮ҳ򿪷ŲЩ
Ľݻı黹ǹеĵЦĿҳȥˣ
һϺõ̴ľƳɵİԣִϵһʢҺƿе
ǰŮ˵ʳͻ˱ҹʱ̴Ӹˡûн˸е̽һʶѡ
ҳȥųȥ
˵ȷʵʵֻ;лʲôȴҲϸ֮˵
ĽݻͲΪȥģϴ˵Ļֹ˴ϣûʡ
Ѿ²˶͸¶
лٻһЩĽݻ֪һ㣬Ȼȥٸʵף˵նе֮ˡ֮дܡ

ҳͬЦŰ֣һҪлһĽҡ
һףһۣ㶼Ц˳
ұݳڹһ䣬㲻Ҫƾܲźá϶ΪĽ塢Ľݲظν˶ԼĴĽݻ˵
ҳٶ˵ʲôֻӦ¡

գĽݻԼҳһţǰʣòҪ˯һǧհɣ
ҳƣֻ֪ǡǧǱʶù˼塣
Ľݻ⻰ʱʧЦɵʿ֮ǧ˯ϸ죬Ҳǧա
˵⣬ĽݻٶЦ԰׵Ϸһǳɫ
ҳֻΪôƣϸһǧҲʲô汾£һǧίʵ㲻϶ࡣ
ʱ⣬ȴһʱһ̶˷ѡ
˵ǧ˯ãѿھ͵ôһ䣬ֻ档
ҳĶһ죬Ʋߡ
ˣƣҲͨˡɢҲޣԴΪȻܿס
˵ЦųĽҸۡĽݻҪ̣һ·ȥ
ţǰ֣֮
ҳ鲻ɴ˼档
ȻĽݻɫȴһ䣬µĶһͣ
ҳʶĲԣתͷȥ
ѯʣֵһɿӹһˣŵڿƮ
ԶԶϺǣȥȥŷϯҪˣЩҪˣ

ҳĲҲŶס
ˣ컹ŷҴϯӡ
ǰæȥģЩҪȥֵɢޡ
ΪŷҽµƼȣΪ˴ĺŷҡԼĽ֮ĶԹԹ
ݳǶ۵¡
ĺΪͬŷ˷Ľںεء
ʵ֣кľ͸ŷţֻΪ̽һϢ
ֻŷңǱĺҲ׼дλǰȥΧ۵ˣɹȥָϲɢ޴һ߷Ŵк
ʢ磬ĽȴһƬƽ͡
ӣը˹
ĺĽңˣ
ал֪ˣϦ¶ջ֪ҿʲô
Ҽ˳֪ԼǵסЩ˵θڣ˶ߵ̼˵𣬡ҿĽ壡
ĺĽҽĽС㡢ݳƼӼ޸ĺҼմӣ˭˲֪
ĽΪλڿջ
ɢֺǺǵıһΰ𣬱ƼӲԻĽңŵҾѣȻĺתֺŷҴϡ˵ɫ°㡣
һͨ߷ּ١

ҳ˼䣬ͲĿĽݻֻɫɡ
ĬĬ֮Ǹ
һ껹磬Ҫôҵƽ֮һǵǣδаͷ
ĺôӡסǵǡô飬ֶҳ֪Ӻ֡
ҲΨдӳ顣
ˣҪݳһ£һҲǿԵġ
ĺŷҵǱΪ飬ҳǲŹǣҸỹýһ½ҷ
ڴ֮ǰҵƽ֮һ飬Աǲܴ²
֮һһȫ벻
Ҫһһ

Ľݻ˿Ĭųǰŵ߰ɡ
Ҫǰ
ҳû߹ȥ
ԽǰԽࡣ
ϯѾڵ˽ֵϣϷŲپƲˡ
ҳƳƳ̶Ȼͣ¡
ЩƲС
Բϡڡ


33 
ЩǱϡ͹һڲΪǳ
ҳҲйӴʴһ۾Ͳ˲ͬƺǻʲôֶΣý˷ֲ
Ա߿ۣһ˲ͬʱڶνͷȥʱǰҳ۵׵ĨһգſһƲǴ㡣
ҳ
ⲢĴ
ȫŰסЩ߽νᡣҳһ۱㿴˳
ӽ˵ķʳʲô
ҳȥЩζķϣǰֵʿȻ̽ʱͿʼ˶ꡣ
ʿһ߳ԣ˵ʲô
˴Ҵϯй
ۼľƲ˶Ѿ˵Ķӣҳ״ᵽʲôоٲά衣

¡
ҳ֪˵ʲôˡҲЩѾѶ¶УֻһȾ͵Իڵ³
һ£ܶš
Ϊһ壬ǰ֪ġһͷҪһжٸɾ
ʱҪһ֮飬ȫǲ֮¡
ߣҪڳ֮ϼѡ
ȫ̾ݳǵɢޣһ鳯ڵУѲ³˭
ҳ˿óȻˣЩʳ⣬ĽǱ˵ҡǰԼ¶ĺҺŷҵƤ£ʱʹӰòʧ
գҳ׼
ḽʿ꣬Щ⴦Σʱ֪
Ψһȷǡ
ĺŷӦòɵֱҪЩ˵ôҲϢ
ĽݻڲݳһȦҲҳһΣȻĺ˵Ļɡ
ҳҹ̽ĺҡ
ĺ׼ô㡣
***
صĽңҳһֱҹ
Ҳͬţлɽء֮˶Ƚ϶࣬ĺΪֵʱ򣬹ʾ쳣ɢ
ҳĽҳˡ躮ݡ
䡯壬ϵгƵϺͬ½һ¡
躮ħ塢ħʹΪݷ㡣
ڹҽ롯࿼ҳһʼûݡ

һںҳɹĺڡ
ĽҵĵŲͬĺҸΪݣһͨĵ񻨹ϣѰı顣
ҳڤ֮Σƹһȣǰɽ
ַƢˣ
ɲǣһֱԺˡ˲˵ӷ裬㻻˴ǣܹãǰҪĴλӵƢҲ˭㰡
ֻŵǰ˵˴λƢ䲻ƴӣҲòȥҪ˵ȻӵƢΪºͣЩҲĸԺĲ˵Ȼһá
ҳפȥ
˵⻰Ա֮˾ĽڣðʲôʱҲܵȻߵͺˡ
Ϊźĺ˲ǸȻ˵ҪյĸˮȥͰɣ
Էŵðɡ
£ЩȥɣȻ˺ܺõģ
Ǳ˵ţһͽеһӦƵԱϣһȥ
ӦҪȥȻס
ҳԼ˼󣬸ȥ

Ȼסղҳ˶Իĵطһ·Ů;ܿѲߵ
ҳֽΪڣսڡڵĴܷ½ҲϷëǣԼɽڸǿɽĴڡ
û˷
ŮߵһԺͣ£ֱ˽ȥҳҲ档
ŮȥСҳ֪ȻԺסķȥʶһȻͷŶ
һ鷿ĵطȥ
ãȻ⴦
ҳŲ鷿ڴĽ̸
ƺû뵽͵߶Լʵ൱ģ˹ĵһʱͲ̽ʶĽ綼δһ
˵ģȻ
Ҳ֪ʲô÷
漴˾þõĳĬβһ˵Ȼٺú룿Ϊȵ𡣡
һǡþĺ

鷿
ĺƵضŲˮУ¿Ȼ
üͷ΢ɲ£ϵıЩ֪룬常ҵģطˡ
ûкĺŷŵĴȻڷֱ˵Ƿʵ
ȻiϿ˿ɶ޹գգ۾ȷʵС
ԣĺЦúͰֻ۵һŵƶŵĶҺ
ûټȥֻװģ̾˿תѯº˵ûоˣȻΪ
ĺЦſȻɫƴȺ͡
ʵϣӣþӶࡣ
֮ǰûܶԽǸ׳ɹΪʦӦҪһͽܵ˵ǣĺǲõġ
ܰ߶ӷŵߣպã˵ϴа
ܴӶԷ֣ĺ˶Σû뵽ϵôʱ
۵֮ʱȻ˼ǰҲŽҪͽһ¡
ĺĺŵȽ¾̽߳˳ڣΪԷҪǰҪӹȥѾ˴ҪͬԷôл
ĳ룬Ȼ֪˸ͽ˹ŵӣ
ǱǼλʦֵܱƼˣһ
ĺ޲ʹļף֪գ̽ϢӦõһʱǰȥˡ
ŷﾡȻȻӣȻҪġ

ҳûټȥ
̵ļ仰Ѿ°粹ȫˡ
򾭹Ǹķ󣬽ȻѲ˹ϵ
ͬΪ֮һұŵԭ
Ϊ
紫ħһеΪҲѹ˹졣
ұźȻģҲͬ˽֮ĺȡöԷΡ
Ƚһϣͼ֮
ٽĺղҪҳԲ³Ȼк֣ĺʲô
һСĻԹޣˣôĸԸ
ҳ˱ۡ
һʱĺ״¶Ƿ
Ҳ˵һ㡣
ĺŷҺıѾʼʩнʱڼ󹦸֮ʣ͸¶ĺҡΨһһĽҵˡ
Ľ֪һС
׼ĽˮȻĽ岻һ塯֣ͷѡ뿪ĺҡ

һڣȻǣνߡ
ǣĻıһ١
ҳ²⣬ǿܣҲӲı
ֻһʱѡ
Ȼ氲ţ׼һϸڿʲôط©ġ
˭
ͻȻһߺȣĺŶ


34 
ĺŵһ̣ҳʱһ
ţɿȻԺ⳷ߡ
ħҳתƾż䣬ѸٳĺҸŵķȥ
ܣ
ĺ֪вĵϢ׷ǸôĺҵĲ֮͡
ô˵Ҳһ֮ĺʵǲ
ҳӣϴμĺʱǰߵΪΪ躮Լ޼Ҵ˴ǶԷĵ̡û뵽ᱻ֣Ҫȫ˻мְա
¶ݲźá
ţҳѵǰŮʱĵطͣħС
ǰһŻƼ׵ٴγ֣סǰ·
˽ƷеķһϷȥƱػᴥ
˼׷ĺҳֻһ˲͵ת˷һСȥ
ܺĺҵ˶ϣƿΪ

˼ת䣬ҳܿ뿪ǴʱԼɢ¶Ϣȥͬʱ˵ۼ෴ķ
ĺҸգʱֻᵱԼȻӳĺңԲ뵽ĺС
Ϣķܽͷųһ΢ʱĺ˼·ֻΪǽɢޡ
ЩҳûоĺʱȻ̤һ·
ķԯޡ
꣬һԺ䣬ֱͣ档
һȥص
һ¡¡
žڶ
Ҷ
ţŭ˹
ƾʲôƾʲô
Ȼݺң
ҳ˽ò̾ײʲôˡ
ﾹĺصԺ䡣
棬ĺõңڷõģȫصˡ
ֽó˸ʽķƴ𻵣йеŭ档
־һƷ鱦ҪȥʱĶһ١
ֻһģķ΢΢˸ź⣬ϵָ룬ָԺ⡣
ĺ͵س⿴ȥ˺ɤӴ˭ǣӹ
ҳһ㶣ˡ

˵ĺǲԼģҳûֱӽȥ
ڴ˿̣ĺطɭɭڷпڣ
ŭйɾû뵽ˡ
ʾΪͣЩˣû׼ǹܴҫˣǡ
ĺѱڵϵķһͳȥֻ߽͸һ
أԶ뻮һĽŲÿһмײĴ졣
˻١
ɼĺǲģʼڸˡ
ݶ룬ҳֱԺ
һڣһЮŨŨɱ⡣
ĺɱ˶Էֻû뵽Ĳܡ
ֻһϮɫװüƣ⣬˫ĿغǣԣһϢ
˭ĺؿԷɾܽԼսˡ
ҳ͵Ŀһۣ漴΢̧ʮ߽ڹǱ޻г͡
һޣбһžŨɷҳۿɱġ
ֻܰɱˣһĺؽѲߵһʱͻ
ʱ߾ˡ
˼ˣҳĽ˦˳ȥ

ڴܵѹĺǰñϣûκη֮
βĹǽڹٲĺصĲգۼ䣬ɫͿʼǺ졢ϡ
ĺֿͼϢһ
ȻǱ޲֪ǺƳɣһӴĲӾ类ڻ˿˲䴫ζ
㡢죬Ҫڡ
ҳ΢
ĺءһѣɫϡ
ӣ
棬һ
ĺһ첻ϵˤʱǰѲӵһ
ҳȻתͷƳԺ⡣
һӣոʲô
ϸ֮£Ų
ĺӹ˹촽⶯
ҳĬĬǱٶս
ʵֻҪٴЩĺصĲӾͻ롣
˿˿ѪӹǱѹŵĽڲ£ʹлڼӾ硣
ʱĺȻǿЩ϶

ֱ֮ĺصһŭȺ뿪
ҳ΢㵣ĺزϵĺɫǱݼ֣˿˿ѪҺ͸˹Ǳޣٿֱյ
㲻ˣҳؿ
һ˲Ǳ޵΢ɣĺرû
ʹܵвεȴû¶̬֮
ĺɫƽȴһЦʮ֯}ˣΪղҧѪգ¡
ЩˣҪץɣ
ɤ˻ƣÿ˵һ֣ʱʹ㲻֮ղűס
ҳü΢޵ԵЩͣƺǾһϻ
ĺغǺһЦɫмֶ񶾣ЩҸ׵İ
ҳ֪ǳĸң˶ĺԹޡ
ӡ֤뷨ĺȾѪĴԭӢ٣֪ʱҲʱ飬Ǳۺ
Ҫץ㣬ĺҰ㡣
***
ҳԤĺټĵطһ飬ûץסֻˡ
ɳҲֻΪ˼ǿĺҵľ䡣
ҳĺ˵ĺƲ⣬΢ΣյĹâ˸
˿̵׾پܰĺҲٹ˼ɰ
Ҫңҳʣ򵥵һ仰ŭ
ĺѾԼˣһȦ
ûҩ˾ȻֻΪס˿ڰˡ
ĺڹŹһأµηһգûԼڶԷϣϵûɡ
ҳɫһ
ĺصһ䣬ȡ
ֻҪǲңһԸһܡ
֪ǲ뵽ʲôĺسЦˣִϼ˿
ҳһһ㣬֪йһȫ֪
ķˡ
ͱȥĺ˷ܵĹ⣬ĺң˭ܲˡ
һ룬ҳ;á
ĺزǷˣǱ̬ˡ
ҿԸѪܶѪ򿪷ӡ
벻ҪѪĺЦݽ죬ҵѪ㶼ȥ

ҳĺصԺжһ󣬵ҹ뿪ĺҡ
Ҳȷʵյ߸һѪҳֹסĺطѪľٶаϵͳ˸ɨ衣
ɨо򡣡

ջ㲻
ֻźǣûܲĺڵԭҲǸѲϵǽһ֡
ĿǣܹѹǵǣӶﵽЩ˼룻ߣܹ˵ֱ꣡ӽƳ顣
ǰߣӦʲô취
ǺߣǾѰˡ
ҳĺصѪ봢ҪŲ²⵱ʱĺϵ룬Ȼͼıһһоٳ
粻⣬һ£ȻضὫ֮ͱ֡
ȻҪĴұ˺ĴڣҲֹڴˣ븲ҡ
Ȼǡڴʱһɹ̵¶ʴ
ҳͷ
öɫʯ


35 
Ȼϵˡ
ɫʯҳʽע˽ȥ
ʯһɶõĴʯƷ鱦
ҳǵãյʱԷͶ
ʱʱһۡ
ֻ廹Ǿ޽еͷһݡ
ͬģĴκһźɷѡ
תػصɨһֵ˵ͷеġ
⣬̵ĿЦнͣżִȤζϲúÿģҵҪСһ룬û׼öӣʯҵˡ
ǣҳŻóǿϲ˵ġ

һȥеɤĴ˹ƺ֮˼˿ƣ
ʣغˣ
ҳ΢ͣ٣ǡ
㵹Ҳû׷㣬ֻġ
Щ

֪ǲҳĴƺż˵ôһ䡣
ᣬͲš
һֱߵĴŮ˵Ϊ£һвŻǰ뿪
ˣַʲô
ҳǵһԲüë΢΢š𣬿嶨ǳʲô¡
뵽⣬ҳԤһ£忴
ĺصѪҪоԵòôˡ
ֻգĺؿʱĶ編Ʊɣ֮ҳԣΪ
⣬֪˽ҪһҲֻȥ
һΣֶһǰᣬҪɡԼȻʼ֪֮ǰǴ³ȡ
ҳĬһ˲Լ뵽ȻĽɫȥ
ؾӦ븸Ψһ
븸롣
ôһΪмаĴڣֽϡ
Ǿкεȹҵԣ´˾
ҲΪҳ춨ˣ϶ȻԲôֵԭֻȻڽĴȫƽŻ
ȻＫпܶĽ͸¶µһ㣬ܿһʱ
κĽ岻ϵȻôҲΪ˱ȫĽҡ
ȫһմϣ½˺
***
ҳʱ²Ȼû붫ҵ˲
Ǻ߻ûô춯ҲųҪʱֱһٻĴҵͷתаѾеĺҺŷҸƳȥ
ıô࣬һȻǺõġȻڱ¶Ƶ£ȻȻȨףһԼļƻա
ĺ̫ԴΪȻǸСá
ȴ룬ԷֻǱŻԱֻһһҧϵ˵Ĳӣ˿㷴ء
ĺҺŷѾһϣһʱпܻĴ

ա
ҳоһϵ߲ݣ뾡취Ҫǧ߲֮ϰ룬ʧճҲһССջ
֪ƣ׼ʵиղ뵽İ취һĶ
½½ѣ
࣬ˡ
ҳѶպã߹ȥţЦЦصɵѡ
Ļڣ͵˿
ղ˵סҸڣ쾭ȥһ㲻ڣæ𣿡һ߽һظ

ҳΪ˸˱ˮӦһǰ
ɲΪ
ɵ㣬ҳ߷Ĳ豭Ƶֱߣ΢΢ЦŵǧҲֻ˯ղ
ǰ˯ȥڵĽݻ֮ǰԤĻࡣ
ԣຩһЦ˼ץ˰ͷΪ˻Σ̧־ֱִߵĲյͷ͹࣬ٺٵʱͰȥϦ¶ջȾƣǧÿαص㣬ȵöˣҲͶòˡ
ҳ˵ͷȴ˼
ţɢһ㶼ȽõڸȡЩͽ׬ȡʯͬʱҲҪһЩרͽͽ⡣
Ҫ׬ȡʯпܵģȥɱޡһģȡ֮޺ˡȥлȡʯ
ҳΪǽ𵤺ڴԲߣɼҪȡ߶ͽֻɱޣ¡
뵽Ϧ¶ջУʹִŵ˵ģ֮Է˵ÿζҪǧһȲСĿ
ôʯǴģ
ҳûǣƻ˯ǰһ̡Լ˵е顣
֪飬˵ҲΪࡣ
ԣЩǴӺε֪

ҳ̽Է
̧ͷϴЩԥɫҲδڣҳֱ׵½ѣǰ˵ʲôõĻ𣿡
иëǺ˻˵ȻҲȫǺż⡣
ǣ˵ȫġ
ʱԣԷʲôͻʲô֪޲ԡͬʱԵʱӡȫޡ
Ƽ
ǽ䲻õġ
Է£ҳװϷʿɵѾأ
һ⻰;סˣñֱֽŶ֪ηţֻӲͷƤĿŵϵĲյϡ
ָԼһſʼţȻ¡
ҳѰӣ֪Ҳ಻ܸ֪ˡ
ಢˣø಻ɵٲͽһЦˣҲ㿪Цˣֱ˯ˣĽݸϵȥ᷿
顯һ
豭ڰϡ
ͽȻ˿
ҳ˵Ǽ٣õģǾͺǾͺá
ҳЦɵ𼱻ǵĹûпʱûгࣿ
⣬˸ΪģЦЦҳʲô½ҲȥԸ˵ɣ
ҳÿɷס

һ̸ҳӡõ˼㣬ȵһĽݻ¹緹ʩʩȻĽҡ
ʱҳͬĽݻһ塣
극ϱƣӦĽݻ֪ϲãͬ׼ǧ
ɺȴһδմֻϯ޵ĳƳȥ۲
ĩǿΪᡣ
극ϲ̵ҲƵˣҲһۡ˿Ů˵ϢҳִźɫСӵһ١
Ľݻ״һɫڴߣ˿ȺҪ
Էʱ֪ġ
ҳ죬΢
£ȥæһ˱ɡ˵գĽݻأȡһö£̶ûͣٵĴִһöӡ
ҳ˳ˮۣǾʧˡ
޷ĽݻЦͷҶһˣ񻻹ûһΡ
ҳһЦˡ
ĽȻҲûٿ

ճĽңѭŮ㱨뿪ȥ
ߵò죬ҳûһ׷
ֻߵһŴլ⣬ŷ㹧İӭ˽ȥ
ҳԶһĻ
ţ߹ȥ
̧һҶ̽֡



36 
ҳŶҵĽɫңһ˼
ԭŶҶһǷ֪飬ҲСȴ֪ǰݵģʲôɫ
λڲݳǸҺôĴ֮һҪҲ̫ܣ̬Ҳܱҵ
ֻҳƲ⣬ĽҵĴһ⡣
˭ŷҼŷǰ㵨Ϊϲͽĺҵ˻ˮȻųĺջʵ̫ŷĸԸΪá
ҳת׼뿪˴
ȥʱ·ŷҡϯɴţвɢ޸лǵɫƺûʲôӰ졣
ĺǲôͱ¶ԼЩ˸ոĺŷµľͳ£ʱֻ
ҳߴʢŵĸʳɨͬûпʲô
ţֽǷһֻɫֽס
ǰǱϵˡ

յҳĻţ˳ĵַϦ¶ջϴεǼϷ
÷⣬ͷԼϵװ磬ȷûκβסᱻ˳ۣŻߵߵš
洫һڡ

ǻһķ񣬰¸̣ŶҪϥߵءȥ
ùˣҳ͵Ĵ˵ɣ£
ڴδкҪ£ʶŻ˽йħйصģȻǰ߲ϵ
ҳϵġ
⿪ڱħ𣬡ҹ׼ǰϴǸط
춼Ǵ䲻Ϊһֱǣȴδɡ
ֱգȻһ䣬Ļףͬš˵زں˵ֻǸͲˡ
ѴҳţС˵س飬ʲôͬѰ֮
Ϊô˶棬ڤƺҲ̬Ϊһɳڼǰ̽
أԲ²⣬ҳҲˣʱڼѾѽǿƳٵͷȴضס
ʱܲע⣬ڻڼǹͣһ
Ϊ֪ڡ
ԣƬڳУʲô

ҳûлĽңֱȥ˱Խ
ɫ磬ʱֻһ澵ӣװסϦͣƳγһƬ
ϴԽڱϷ˴ȴӰΨŨŨһħġ
ⲻҳһθܵԷɢħǿ޶˵Ҫ
·𶼽ڴħѹ¸ףΪ
μ
ҳ״ƽƽ
˵Ϊ⼫֮£ħûһ˸Υ䣬ôҳĳ־ʵбħ塣һУиǰᡣ
ҳηҲԸʹȻûǼ£Ҳֻħһ
ҲӽԷİ취ۻҪռֵ
ˡһشԶƮ˹
ҳ̧ףԽѾ˽ǰ
վһýˣҳֻ΢ͷȥԷʵڸߴһ̧
ҳһ˫ɫͫ̶㡢ˣне
ģĻ֮С
Ψһ㶣ҳĿʱԽ̯Ĵϣһ鲻֪ʲôƶɵɫʯɫľʯϿ̻ŷ·˿ֱֱԼ˹
***
ΪѰħɢķˣҳǲ죬βԹһ£ۡ
Խδǵ˵Ƕλ
ʱȫûᵽԽʱ뿪˴˴ǣܹħľʯ״ģ
ҳܸоʯһģһֱ궯ŵħƽ
֪ͱϢʥϢʯûĹЧ
ҲʼʱϢʯ⻹ãм䲻꣬ϢʯѾҲͶЧˡ
֪Խҵ֮ϢʯЧõĶ
ϡԽ΢һ¶Ĳ羫ϸĥ̻ģͦϣһ˫üбޡ
ֻʱɢѪɷ֮˲Ҷ࿴һۡ
ҳȴûϢӰ죬ֻǸ̾һ£½ʵǲǺֵȵġ
֪ļУһʢգһһ
ƳһۣΪСģʵȫȻԽδת۽⡣
û˸ĴֱĪġԽٶȽӲ˹ȥջ⣬Ͷ˺С
ҳħѾʯһСһϸдãҵ˲ϣҰвɱĿԽԵĽԼͻȻԾǷ

ۿɼˡ2ҳĬĬǲǴʲôأôͻȻˡ
˼̽һ
ϢʯЧûҪã֪ǼƷ鱦ӦҲʥＶ˰ɡ
Ȼʳ⻰ԿԽ΢
ǽ˽
Ρ
ͳɤǳһִйޡ
Ȼû֣ҳҲûƷסҲֻ֪ضǱϢʯҪı

ҹɫϢϮ˴أٻƹһһ㱻ɣȡ֮޾ĺڰɫһ˿
޶˵͸Źɼȡ
ҳԽȥʱ˳Ǵ󷨣ĺѪɽ
ϴǾǱ˷֮⡣
ĺصѪҳǲóֻܵȵȡƽӡİ취ܽǻزá
ȻҳΪԽһʱ
󼴿ɡ
ϴǣҲͬģ๡
ҪǿƳˡ
ҳĵ

ΧʱҳٶΪڴɭȻ𾪣ƺ֮ϴΡҪŨ
һ̣ǵصħϯ̺޾ѹչ
ⱻѹƵôһʱ޷ҳ쳣֮ԭأվԶǸƱ˵ıӰ
лл˿Ż
ҳӱǼ䷢һӦš
㡭ǻּʱҿҲҪͷųѹЩ£Լؿڣֿ˿ҳ𣬡Ȼû£
ӣܳ롣
̾
ǰʱʵ΢ٶʵ̫죬üλħע⡣
ջʹھħ֮ϣֱħ
ʱۺ죬ħʵΪǲ֪ҳǳмóȻսģ׷׳ǻѾϻ֮λҳꡣ
ħеƽ˶Է°ܽ
Ҳǲʶƽ뻤ͶԵͷǰڵħܡ
ǻˡҳħеһձ£Ͷķڷ𾴸
ҳһۣĬ
Ҳһ˲䱻ѹơ
Ƭ̺ҳ׿ȥ
䴹ɫʯ
ʯƷһ֮Խͷųѹħ𡭡ͬԴ

ĺڶѪµķԽֱһ
ת˲䣬ǹסķͿʼ߽⡢顣
ݻٺɢµɫâڿС
զ࣬ĺҵˣҲˡ
뵽ϴǸĺҼĶӷ˷һѪĩ˺òײŴⷨǺһꡣ
Ҳ˭ʵ
ţһԽıӰǰ浽ʲô
Ͷħǰ
죬ҳüƳ䵭
⡮һҳҪרĻֿϮѸתħãжĶҳͶȥһЩơĽĿ⡣
ܵߣҳ˳飬ֻӳ

ʱ
˾͵ϴεڳء
һӱȡǡڳڵˮϸʴ黹ڲϵķԼʹе˻
ֻʹİУɥʧǲ֪˵
ʶʶ⣺ʶʶʶʶ
Ψʶ֪ʱʹ
мѿ֪
һغˮҲ֪ʲô
ǲŻʹࡣ
ҳҪȥߵİ죬ϵƷ·ļ
߷߲ƽڣĺ治Ƕ
ǸԵġħ塣

ԽħڳһȦ¿¼ϵĺںɫӡǴȥ
ϴνƱ٣ĺһεƺѽ⡣
ҳһЩаĽơ
ΪԽҲʼ궯

ĺӦҲû뵽
һ󷨵ģħħ
ȻּһԽħǿѹ£ҲŲϢ
󷨽ʧȥһȦںɫӡǻ䵭һһ㻯ʧ
ɹˣҳԵ˵š
ҳתԽ
뿴ҪΡ
ͼԷ˳һ룬ת䵽˺ɫˮϡ
ģǳӵ·
Ȼʲô
ҳûļӿ졣
᲻ƽֻ֮ҪѺڳƹҵ
š
ԽҲʼ˶
ħҪ̽ڳȥʱһٿȻħɢ
ҳ͵ƫͷȥ
ֻһϮɫ۵ڼڲԶЦЦĿɤ͸Źɲζħˣּˡ
Խ˵һ䡣
ֿҳﴽЦСѡ
ҳ˵
ɾҪתͷɲǡ
֪ӺδŨƮ


37 
ɫϣ˿˿͸С·޿ײУûбɣҪѹȥס
ڤ۵塣
һڤ֮Էвϡ
ڼڵ״̬֮ϴҲѾָȫֻȵģʮʡ
ָ죬ԽĮɨһۡ
Ǳһ¡
ڤ֮˵Ļָǿ
ǵãϴμڼʱԷ⿪ڳؽʱĲ٣ƺ²ſꡭ
Ҫߣǻһ
Է̶ձѷ»ص۷״̬Щˡ
ڤ𣬺ħ֮СħħйһģѸԭλָģ
Խɫ˫ͫҲ΢ɼĻһĨ˼

ܰڼʱָؾ֪̽ô˵ħй¶ӦҲǿɽİɡ
뵽ĿƵĶڼҪϿ仨
ͻȻôεĽڼŰĿתǸССħ壬β΢üҲ
ֻҳǰжͣһ˲
׾ͽǸɫĽ׽Ŀ
ڤˡ
û¶档
ҳƾŽʶˡԽȴãƾתһ˿ϢͲˣҲҪ
ڳˣԽ
ŨѭƵỊ̇һֱ
ֻ⻰֪ڴʲôա
һͷˮ
Ȼһͷˮģֻаһ
ҳ֪Խڶڤ˵ҪĶ
ƲƲڳء
ӦþǺڳ·Ķ
ΪħڤõͲö֪ˡ
ڼȻҲħ˼̶ƵĽѲһȦ

Уһʱδл
ԽϢһͫġ
ͽȻù죬ⲻɫŲҳߣΡ
ڤĵνһ֪ǲʱͬ˭˵
ҳüģ֮˿ɻĿ⡣
ʱҳеһħһɲͽȻǡ
һɻصħ񲻿ɵ֮ơǰֱȥһ͵ıϢнһ谭Ϊ۵ķ
׼ķ
ǳɫ΢΢ƫƼ֮ڤڡ
ڼüĿһȴסһħδӦʹ˹ȥ
΢ڣħαض֡
Խ˶һȴû˵ʱԶŰķ
㻹ӡ

ȥħûдʲôĲǱһɵֲ
翵֮͸˳
á
Ǹ˵ǳ
ҳţ֮ǰǴΣ˼
Խǣ鵭Įɫͫз·һ̶ˮӳеġΨ
Ķȷá

ܹ鲢ѹǵı䵽ħϣ
ڤߣͬ
ҳ֪ʲô޴ӵ֪
ϵͳڤʯ
ϵͳ̽⵽⣬˴𰸣ڤʯ;һһ֪
ԭҳԺе૳
ѹִ˵ʢ
ĺ鶼벻ڤʯⶫڤ磬ɻᱻڳ·ʱգɡ
ǲǣֻҪõڤʯҳƲۺڳأɨЩڰ飬ʣǾָܻǡ
ڤħڴˣڤʯҲضҪõ
˵ǣϵͳһǳϲĻش
ϵͳڤʯ˿ڳȡýڣȫԶعڡ
ʱֻǴ°óȱɡ
ҳõϢ
£ڤħ㶼ڴˣɣһ˰Ѷóɡ
***
Ȼеȡʯ沢δôĵ
ٶȽ֡
ڼһҭԽٳٲ̬ħ˺βһӣõڤԻ
ڤۡ
ԭһֱţλȻҲڣ
Ϣ°Ͷϲˡ
ǧⶼֻڴڤף˿̣еĴڣͳǰ
ع֪
̥ޣΪʢģĪڤ˳Ӧ
ڤִ֮ڤ֮
ʿˮ̲סȥ˵ı飬ȴ˸į
ҳɫ糣
ڵڤʯȡ˭ֻҪڤʯһһܵõѣ֮ࡣ

µƣڤԴڱصá
ֻԽϷ
ڼҪΪⲻһս
һ˲Խͳɤ𣬡á
ڼɣ˵Է
һ

ԽȻõڤʯôóҲûʧΪڤһ
ڼҲû뵽ħ𣬾ȻĻ
˵ԶһУ˹
ڤӦ
ҳͬʱȥ׼ԽҪ˵ʲôҲ쳤˲ȥ
Խɨɨڼһ۱㿴Ȼȫԭ
ŵˡ
Խλָ֮죿
𣬿ɲ׾޸ڼ㡣
ڼۣħˣǺ⣿
ϴνҵڤʱϵڼûʱħһǲҲòһ
̸ʱָܻ
Ƭ̣Цħþħ磬ǲ֪ڤֳһλƺŹҽɻˡ׹ǣ𣬹ҽһαá
ڤйΪ˵ħֻǲȥڤһʱ֪
ֽڤгȥڹηڤ֮еڤۣȵĹҽܰ޹֪
ԣҳΪڼȻôܿеһȣ漴յħߡ
Ŀһ˫ɫӶϡ

ҳ룬Ҳ벻
Խǡ
ùҽħɢκá
ֻһڼʡ
ħȻΪ£Ҫóͣʵħһλħ
Ⲣǲ˵£ֻҪҽǰħ󣬻һ֪
Խ
ħĺһ룬⵱һϲеˣҾ
Բ۾һ˲˲ڼ϶
ߴ˿Ҳ׹ֻǱ
ħ˵ħܿйС£ڼҳ΢Сѣ
ҳ
͸ðѰⶪħ磬֮ߣȥͳ档
ڼ޸ǷֵƳĵҩžŰʮһɣлϧ鱦ʤʶʱɻָ
Ҫסħҳ

׾ͽڤʯ֡
ڼȥͽ¸֪룬Իǰħ磬ôĴ㣬Լ˵֪ࡣ
ҳǰһѴɣ˵Ӧ뿪
ڤĿֻڤʯǳ顣
ʱֻҪڵһʱϻǴ߼ɡ
Խһ
ǰʾ⡣
ҳסӣվһԣڼȡڤʯ
߸Ųȥ
ͼ߲΢ƣԱߴվ
ţУһӰ̤н


38 
ԽԽĽҳжݵͣ٣ֻһ㵭ɫ𽥼
ֱȫ¶Ұڡ
һϮ׹䳤ۣҰޱɭȻͥŲɫ̵࣬׺ϣɡ
ڤ֮Ǿ
̧֮ʱ˫ǳɫͫԡ
͵͵Ƴһ۾ͻæͷȥ۾ʲôһ£ٶ࿴
ƫͷԡ
û¡
ҳڴ߳ӰɨĿ֮ŶԷɢֱֱ׵īɫڳصĲ˱Ӱ
һ˵ζת

ڳĽѻ٣ԾӲȻȴںڳر˲䣬ͽȻһ߰ĺУ֮ǰΪʹࡣ
ҳ״ɽǱסʶϵ
ʶع飬ڳʹӾ磬ǰһ⼫µʹǿ˺ѷεģ˲̡
أƲͷ
Ȼȴʱ͸Ĥɴħס
ҳ漴ֽĿתһڿεɫڡ
вϷĺˮڤת̽ʱƽǱǿѹȥٷˡ
ӿŵϢ̺ѹڳ˲䱻˺һԨһâӳصҫĿ
Ǹ˱ͦıӰһָ̧֣΢ţŵĹڳڣǵҫ۽ġ
ڤʯ
ȡˡ
ҳȥһ飬ǵƺҲڤʯڤߵɲǽָն˫ۿʼɡ
ġҳ
ԭݿӡѱȫٵǰ̺ۣһ˫ȴ峺͸ʧȥʱȡػʡ
֪ΪΣҳ΢΢һɡ
ˡͻȻʧ񣬳ѵ
ǰԽȻ뿪˴˴

ҳ̧ϣ󷽵ڼڤҲõڤʯ뿪ټ룬ֻʣһڻָǵ顣
л룬ҳȻٺ󷽶Խ
ҲʵΪˣһ˵Ŀ˿ҳ͵һħ
š
ԽֻƳһۣԷǱһֱߣƴǰϾͻһŨɷΪõϢ
ҳδֻ̧ۣ΢ɲ´
ʵǺ˵лл
緽ڼ˵ԷڤͻŹҽǰħΪκħй
ôʱٴԼݻļѳ档
ô躮ͬʱ֡
ҳ벻Ȳٶ롣
Խߣ߶̫࣬ǱҪʱ
˷ֿҳû½ݡ
ӵܣһĹŵӣȽŷ
ĺΪ˲˲Ƶ룬оǸ涼ܿԼµķ󼫶š
ȥʱҳ㿴Уٴ۳͡
赲ߡ
Ȼ˶ҳüһ䡣
Ҳֻһ˲ʹӴȡһ
ǵĺַųһѪҺ
***
ĺصѪҳҪ󷨽׵öࡣ
ĺǱĺĺң̤ţʶʱҪĺҵϵѪѪδ䶯
ѸٵĿĽ磬ֱڳȥ
ʱһȫӺڳ˳վΧһȦٲȻѾָ˴ǡ
˭һϵ
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ҳĽݻ߶΢ͷϴʱûעĽѾͣˡ15ϡ
ҵˣҳзһ۵Ӱ˵·ƣ൹мơߣӦ˵ˡ
߽վǰҳŵĵɫۺϷĺǴϵĿһ£Ƕҵͼӡǡ
***
ĽЩԪӤڵĵӣԼҸǲλڵĳǰиһλڴܡ
תۣٶŤת
ڽοյɲǱɢͬ˷·ʧȥ˹ϣپʿǵһһȥһعǻҡ
ĺƽԡ
ĺ˻ɤôܣ
ЩһɴɢôȫȻĲš
·ѩɮɢ૷𾭣â۶ɵĽ֮ʵ䵽֮ϣ֮ĥ
£Ȼǰ£ĺͨ˫ĿڱʲôͬѰ֮
һ֪֮ʱעľȫײײ
ǿһ˲ĺ͵һѪ

ĺû뵽һսаµɮ˳⡣
ŭҪǸ۵ʱڱ㿪ʼ˲ܿƣô£
ѪչߣĺѪͷɢ״
˭ˣ
ԶһȺŽµʿǸ󣬲ŵӣˡ
Щ˭
ΪͰ
֪֪ҿһϦ¶ջĻơ
ٶһǰŵһˣɲǡĺȻ

ǲĺӣĺȻ𣿡
ǰǰΪϦ¶ջһ𡭡
˽ͷӶ۷׷ס
ҳ΢
ԭȻĺ·
ֻȻϦ¶ջһˣǰ㹰֣λѡ
ĩˣɴǲҪǰĺ˵С
ĺҲͬʱȻΪ
ͽȻսмܲס
ȻŵˣΪǻ£Ҳôġ
ĺȤǣ֪ձߵӣȻϦ¶ջϵ
Ȼס
ͬһʱ䣬̬ⷬȵһȫ迴
ȻǴϵǣȻףĵ常֪¡ʵڲ֪Ǻãϰַܵ
񺢶ֻϣЩ֪ĺӵܡԼԺеŮСˡһ𣬻λʿҲܷŹǡ
ĻһЩ޹ĺӵ·
Ȼӣ޹ģ
ȻӣҲͬۡ
ȻǣȻֶ˵λѣȻҲΪ常ѣԵȰع常Ҷɽ´ȻԸΪ常ΪҵǸ

ĺµԸͬͬʱʾϦ¶ջһֽĺҪվߣס
ðĹΡĺû˵꣬˿Ѫ
ļȫ£ҲʱתӪףǡ
ĺݼȫѪĿ򼸸ӣðҲѧǾ͸ɣ
ָצץһӾǰֻգ۾Ͱˡ
ʲôа
ڶһۣȫ˳ϴ
ȻԼ˵Ҳȥæ
ǣ¥
ڵʿ󣬳Ϸȥ˲ͼս֡
ĺǲУڶʿ£޻ֻܱ֮ÿѪ
ĺҾ㶼еͶĺĸԱɱɾ

սַɿĺܡ
ĺҪô죿˵
ɱĻ£
˻֮Ҳһ𣡡
գʼλ߷ǰҳǸڵӵšڳϣǱ㽫ɡ
ɢĺõĽ
ڳȫЩɣʬͳĥ˵֮£ȫһֻͬﻹⲻĺ

ĺʣµģֻиոϵˣһ֪ܹȫǧлˡ
ȻԴźļ
˲δΪȻֻĺӣҶԴ²֪飬ؼʱִףԽֹ
ĩˣԸ︸ͬ𣬲Ҳ˼ܾ
ȻǵڵѲԸңȻȴʵѰϦ¶ջһڣˮѣȻ֮
һθ֮ԣǵò˲ĿȻӹȻ紫Ʒи߽࣡
ȻΪˣڲݳʹ飬϶ԷʱΪЩ޹֮˵ǵ˲˵ĺøУԷʱԸҪĳŵǽ̾

ԻһʱĺңһδţȴҲӴ˳ҡ
ͬ۵ŷ¶ĵһʱ˲÷Ҳòȥ
ŷɱ峤һŷˣȫϳŷңͬʱһҲ֮ơ
Ĵңֻʣҡ
ٹãŷҲӴ伣

ҳĺұ󣬾ʹžȥһ롣
һֿȥǡ
ɢ֮ʣ˵ҪںǼҳӦ

뿪ڤʯȡвͬƺ
ҳü˼ѹڵĵӻ˵Ũҡ
ʱǵã˵ɢ֮ơ
Ũĵطȥھһ·϶ڿ𾭣һ·ͨ衣
޹ȻЩа֮Ŀǣҳ
ҳžΪصķߣǴڳͣ¡
ɫˮУֿʼðɢŨҵɷ֮еǴӴ˴ġ
ڤʯûˣΪλ
ҳ˿ڳأתʦɸӦʲô
ʬǡ
ҳȻʬǣ
ڳأһ²⡣
ʦ˵ǰǵʬǣڳ·
ǡ

ҳԭΪҪѺڳ֮ˮ취ɣٽһ˵ʬȫ롣ȴû뵽ֻǼ򵥵һӣɣˮת˲ͱһա
ɫӳһ׵ĺѨ
ҳ߹ȥͷһ·Ǳж졣
ʦҳ̽һȥɡ
˳̽ʶȥڳصµĶһ󷭽Ƶķ·͸

ҳ;ڳصײ
䵽ʵͨһɫȥ
Σһ麡ǶɵСɽӳǰ
֪ɱ˶ˡ
һЩϣ鲼ɫ·Ǳʩʲôµġ
ҳЩǼȫɫ·ǵĺǿȥЩ
ܸоЩɢϢһĻͬ
СԴԴϴݳǴЩɢġ
ӷ𡣡
Щǰǵʬˡ
һһĺǶѻɵĹɽ


42 
һʬǣ취Ͽ¼ŵĸϴȥ󣬲űҳ;һذ¡
۷ǰҳһ˲ݳǣǰΪҳԸͶ˵һлл
ΣǾͬ
һҳҲûٲ£֮һ³׽ʦҲǹѡ
;ûסʦΪθҺ棿
ʼǰݳʱʣֻǵʱóȻʳδ̫ðԷȴǲͬˡ
ҳʳһȥֺ˫طԵӣ˿м˸ֳɿ첶׽
ʦҳЦ£д˽֮ɫ˲ڿ

ɾȻ֪вȨ
ɢ޾ʱܴݲȡһȻַ̬֮ϣռķӡ
⻰ʱ΢ƶɮš
ԣҳ֮ǰţҲȷʵˡ
ʦڰ£Ҳ˼λʶ˵𡮾ʦʱЩ˶ԣֻǵʱûǰ̸һ
º;ּڸ롢ΪһʬǣЩҲû˵ϻ
תһ룬ҳſЦԭʦǲʶ·
ѹָ󡢴粽롣
ͬĿԣɷнµĵͷϵȴˡ

ҳûôȤ٩ˣһƻð㣬ûе档
ΪԼڵ壬űʵ
⻹״ôɣԴͣҲŰ˸ղŵЦ֮
˭뵽Ȼƽ޲бֿӯ
ˣôأҳҪԷڻЦǾ
ʦ˵ģʵ
ҲĲʶ·
ҳݵͺ۾һ䣬ЦʦҪȻ߶ҿɾû취ˡ
˵ţĶҳͷ½ʩġ
˵䣬ֲ䣬ƶɮ߶ġ
һϮѩɫɮµɮˣɫ񵭣һǳǳ⣬īɫ˫̺ͫǹʣ
ҳͷЦ
˲ݳǣڲУŶȥʱⲻǰΧ۵ɢޡ
Ǿʦ
ʦ
ʦڽյΧжУΪǳȥһѲˣоʦڣǿɾͲˣ
һ¾ͱΧס
ҳһԣһʱȥķӦ
ֻɫƽӷһź󣬾ǰˡ
˵
ҳ
***
ЩɢǶ߶̫ãҲʵĶԷ޽ĵ˽ⲻ˼뿪
ٿһӦԴͻ״ҳٴΪԼ뷨е档
֪ʦһŮСΪ˽٩٩̸
ҳ߹ȥ
ûз֣һΧߺ˿
ҳʦߡ
ָ˸
ҸλڲݳǵĶϡλϦ¶ջΪģֽϦ¶ջĻ֪֮Ȼ
ңλ
ҳǺһΣžȥ
öң̴Ӽʣʹ˭
ûֺҲޱ΢̬֮
ҳӵġ
˶٣ֽһ䣬֮УлҪ˵
⻰̴ӵ빫ԵƬ̣ȥͨ
ʱ̴ӻ
һɫˣӣ롣
ǶҵĹܼңҳŽȥľ֮¶棬žһҲ֪ģʦ
һ

ҳ;ҵӭ˸Сǰ
λƬ̣ȥӹܼҵ
ʱһϮɫۣͷһϽڣӢ˲һɽ޶е֮üգüӢͦĿϬĿ
ɴ̤һ֪ǸС֮ˣǶ˸
ҳң
ҳͷĿһŽĹܼҡ
ɻ⣬壬ȥ
뿪ҳĿ⡣
ҳţֻܹ֮УӾ仰
ɵ˭
ҳҳ
ڵֺ󣬼ڣ˵һлл
Ȼҳ仰¡
ǡ顯һ
ӵص
͵վ̤ҳǰȲľʣ֪Ϣ
ڣɼʣģ
ľ룬ҳܿϵı𾪡нƻϲã˹ϵ
Ҳ֪ҳ
֮ʱҳһ䡣
Ҫö֪Ϣ

ҳȻˡ
ڶɷѯ޹ִһ΢ϵɤɶ
飬үү
ҳһ뻹Ļشʪ⣬һ̾ͻָ߽ߣ峤
顣
ʦ󣬾Ͷžδˣʦһ
˻ѿ⡣
ɲס
ҳ½峤
ԭյСͽܡ
ɫͰֻһ˫ԴǵĿУӥķâУλߵǣʦɺã
Ϊˡ
ģ̬ԣһ޽̬֮
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˵һЦֻЦ۵ס
鿴˿ŷľ֪ʦ½СѽյҸţΪ£
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ҳŶֻйһ֮Ե;ݳǶδչһˡ
һڳǰѣŷҳ۽⳯͵һۡ
Ȼ
⴦ȻͣĶ

Ҳ֪ûţֻҳҪʱڴùߣҳεҪ죬仹ڶһס
Ϊݳǽճ˼£ڡ
ϣҵϵһ󶼵롣
ҳˡ࡯ҲǶţƼ֮ÿӶòˡ
ϵȫիˣնķԸûκࡣ
ӣµֵҲǲ٣жΪͬܵܡ˿̼ſòȵӣһ¡
֪ȾƣʵɤѹͣһαװɲװǾҺġƱ˹ֻһ
˳ǣлл硣
ҳƳȥһۣŸոǿгȥĸнȥɣҲҳӡ
һ붫мƵӲӣһĸɾ䣬ԸҲơ
ɡࡣ
ҳ뵽Ǵӡ࡯ǣ֪Ϣģ˵˵©죬ǱĽ֪ĻҪ硣
Ľ뿪ĺңĽҲδΪĺҽöܵǣ
̽ӦѾնƬʱ˵Ļ򲻻Ϊղһۣͱֵ𾪡
زʶԼύʱߡ

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ͷ棬½ƵƵԼǲﲻԡ¶ڶ˰
ǺȾ¡
ΪźȾ˵ë㲻Ⱦƣÿÿֻ͵͵ܳȥȡ
Ͳüװɢû棬˵ҪȥĽݼ档
˵ȷûĽݼԲŻ棬ֻĽĺҽãȴͶ޶ϸ
뵽˵£˵ʵ̫ࡣ

ҳ;극Ȼ롮ҳԼͬҵ˸ǣ˳˶ȥ
ڶҵΣɺͶſΪȻ͸¶ֻߵļƻδü϶ҡ
볶ĽңҲֻĽĺң֡
ңԽӴġ
ҳе࣬һڡֻҪ롮ҳйء
Ҫ󵨵һ£ϵҳġллԼҵ֪飬أҳ߲ߣǱ¡
ҡǱɾ£
мΪ±ץ˻ȥͲö֪ˡ
ҳٶ룬Щ飬ȡҳԸ˵ҲûҪ̽ȥ

ص¡
ҳ;ʬǣһȫ˸м㡣
ϣ
ҳҲ޵ĶˡҳͶߣͷ߰һЦм˸лл㡯Ŀ͡
֮ĽĬ
ɴһʵ½СѺʦˣ£𡣡
ҳֻ֣Щ΢ĩС°ˡ
Ѳݳȫ֪¶ϲͿı顣
ǴñϲЦݡ
ʦԳ𣿡ҳѯʡ
ԡ
ҳòһʮռɣΪϵ̫أ֮ʬֱĺùʱϳ

ҳڰִղɽ
һ屻ʽȵһɽûȥǡ
ǰ硣
ڤ硢ֻҪڼҲ
Ͳȥħˡ
ҳ¶һЦ
á
һá


43 
λڼ֮أһ޾򣬺ޡ޻㼯ҶײޱȣǡƻҼթ
ʶٻʿڴˡ
ҳ޾ʱɫѾ谵Ͽƽ޲ȴʱιżӼ˿Ũ
ɫٳڿУ޴ϸŰƣһ͹ĺɫ·ڽ̻ɣһͼƣʵɵ
ϣ֪ǶʲôȴֳѪ졣
ҳƣỺ̤ߞ㷢һХֱƬ
ƽ̹⻬ĺ£رڣŰϴϢһġ£翷ɸ
ҳ޾ϷȥʱЩϡɼľޣ׷׳źӿȥҪǡ
ȻͨԡҳЩޣÿʱƤӵ¶档
ҳһ˫ɫѥߞ㣬ٶȱ۵糸㣬Ѹ֮硣

硣
Χڱ߽֮˴֣۽մ¡
½鲻Ѱ
ǻ˵ȸûбµ˽Գ磬²ȻŭҲпԭ
ȸԴĸͬմôһ׾͸ָֻţһôɵ类µˣ
ǾǣһСȸȻ֦ͷ
Ǹ˵ЪһͬʱסĻǿΣҲܷġ
˵ţʹ˽ҹ
ģ˵ӿ쵽˰ɣ
ǿˣиݣ˵Σر»鲻ѣҲȫΪǸ
ҲҲǡ䣬߽ķ󱻴ʲôˣ
볯޾ϷȥϾ㶼һ֧ɫȨȣȨȶһټ̺ܹ֮Էмӹ֮áڹôߡ
ǿӶԼ֮ת۾ʹϷ͸ȥӰʱǲԼͬķ漴
ûɣ
û
˻ˣ
֮һðһʣΪ˳磬з֣
㣬˵ĵģС㣬ô͵ű¸ÿɣ
һл䣬Ҫǲˡǰйӣ˸£졣
***
ҳһ·ʹȥ
彲ûڸأħڤˡ
ֻǿҪʱ˲ͱǰĳ¶ȾסߞķٶҲ
ҳʶųȥһƣٶȿȥʱЩأ̤·ɽ
ߞıҳСջڣڵϸ
·һ㿴ҳٶ룬ֱڡ
߽ʱصһУͷĺ䣬ʱֲ̧ȡ
ҳһȥȫףˡ
ô¡ҳһ䡣
״˵Ӧó
ʻ㿴ҡҿ㣬¶ɻ
꣬Ϊ׵һǰһ޵شˣӿ쵽ˡ
ҳü΢һ˼׺ܷȥ
ȻԽܷߣ¶ȱԽߣй̵ҽ˿Ƥϡ
ϹŷѪһֻĽÿҪһ
һΡ
Ѳ֪ǷĵڼˣÿһʵҲסһķա
Ǳ֮ҪΪȵ̫

ܷ
ҳȥʱⱾźŵСڶѾ֪㵽ȥˡ
ǵ˷Ũҵĸ¡ûܳܵס
˼ˣҳЩʧЦ
ʵ˵㣬һηýŶԻߵĹֻǱ棬ȥѪϵѹиģԱ´ĵ׾ͷİ
ǰյʱҳͨϵͳαһݡ
УһС
һ˵ʷĿ֮ǺŵĴԡ

Ϊܾݣҳں˶ʱ䡣
ҼȺ
Ⱥԭ岻ͬ
ȻϰԲࡣ
ҳĳ֣˺еࡣ

롣
ǰøǸСأģһֻϺë׵צӣһľͻһλȡֻǳɴ¶ġӡ
ëëÿһֻĻɫСܻΣֻſڻǡ
Ϻԣһ˫ÿĺ´ȷʵÿ;ֺ
ϣɱ˼ңС룬ǻδӦ
ϺꡢҲһĸ߼ΪϸķŮӻ߹
Сƺ꿴С۵㣡
۵вһ㾯ζŬŬ죬ûȤʼ硣
СƺЦԲԲ۾һ죬ϸϲ۵úùܹ
СƺֻһƳ㬱졣
۵һЦü绨ʱķҷʣ˿Сƺ꣬ȥָǼ㣬㰡´μǵýгϣҪعˡ
ֿʼЦԱ߻вٻεġδεĸɫĺΧһ
ǳСҳһôĴ׳ϣɨŵȺĺǡ
˷֡

Ӷҳ˵ΪȤ
ҺʱܻΣں˶գĿﶼ˵ȡýˡ
·Ǻǵ˵˵ЦЦҳѯϵͳģ߾Ӧ
ҳҲû뵽ϵͳĻܻܰˡ
ȻһݣһֻܻεС
üʱ
վɽϴĺǿʼ˵¡
ڵǷű۵ŮӣǺеĳϡ
ǻ˵ģûҪģ۵գգۣüĿһ˿̬¶
۵ʲô˼һŶװȹŮʵΪ鶯Ŀ۵
۵ܣҿ㲻
ܵŮһ˫۾޹գգǰֱʵ۵Ϻ⣿֪Ǻ룬þ괫СԱ֮ܳȥɣ
ʵձ£ΪнܽнմĺˣܹȫյĸһûС
峤ΪܹȫѪΪߣ׳롣
ҳҲȥ

ں壬Ȼûô򵥣Ƿ۵Ǻγԡ
ںеʡ
һ˲ͼ۵΢΢Ц£գģµСȥź£ǺҲмġܲܽȥȥֻΣȫˣҪĿҡ
⻰̼һںǵĺġ
۵ֲһ䣺֮ǰ߻һδ֮ءıѡУҲܶǺ治ǣ
ǣں͡
ҳϣ㱻ŵõɣצӽסƤ
Ļˡ
ţҳͷϵëצӣ𽥱ñ䡣
봫֮ǰȻΡ


44 
ҳΪϵͳ֧󡢲նյĴ޾壬Ѿѡ
Ȼ壬Ҫʹ˵ڶ⣬ûϵǡ
֮ǰһ׶ΣʵΪѡ
гʱҲΪḷ́ܵ˺
һͱһֻСҳ㱻峤ϴ˺롣

һں˺üգڻһ¶޹ϵͳشһ䡮ʱδһֱߴ״̬
ܹʹΨһĻǰҳǲ
ҳֱҪںǰ֮һգӣΡ
Եںһ򴫳֮أССһֻϵëͬһۣȻ
һ־ǵò˵߳
ע⵽ϣС⡣
϶ҳ֣պ壬δεС궼ֻûõСȴǸ⡣
˭Ҳû˵ϼץ˹ȥý
ҲһҳĮȻĿմΪͬϡ
ֻɫɴǰ㵱׹һü۶ûʹռһ˵ζ̬֮ܽԱߵһŮȥ
ø籧ϺĮ񣬶䴽š

ҳϲ˽ӴϺĺôܿܿδš
СһԾԱߵСɽϣӸµĸ·ʼˡ
ŮӵЦںȺУû뵽Ҳʧֵʱ򡣡
̧Ʋ۶Լں޷ӦһҲֻЦЦ̯֣С̫һɡ
ҲһʱˣǶǵʾûаģεɢһĮ
Ůӵͷǰ
мҲͬ⻰֧ҳ૵ֻǲ֪С᳤ʲôԭͶ˺ÿӦûÿɣ
˵ţվһĺ׷ʱСξ֪ˡ
Цü䣬˭֪ûǸأ
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Ļһ˵꣬ںȫЦһš
ҳ΢飬Ц˵ǰһȥǰ꣬˵Ƣ̫áҪǡ
Ҳ˵ˣ
ڱߵūź򲻺õģͻᱻ߽磬кޣ൱ֲ֮
˵ţк꿪ʼ㷲
µʱ򱻷߽Լ
һԽɤʱ𣬡⻰ɲ˵
򷽲˵ĺ꣬һۡ
ǡڴʱһŮ˵öԡ

Ƿ۵
ߵģһ꣬һһ˫걡ӣ׺һһԴϡ
ҳɫƳۣջĿ⡣
Լغġ
СҲڡϮһӰѸͷϷҳһѱס
ŻСñں΢㵡
ȺǳǷ糤ϰСģСȻ
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˵ôС÷糤ϱԭ
۷׷ס
ȻҳȴĻ
һĻͬ۵ƼҲҶ˵λ£תȫȻ´˵һڣ߰ɣ֮Ժǽȥ
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۵ԱߣСôҲˣ
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ҳֻСġ
۵Ҳһʣ֪ҳƢԣûͬ˭˵Ҳ֪Ǵġ
Ƨ䵭˽ȻͬͬͲƺһ㡣
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ɤβǳǳ嵭ȴƺöģ֮໹ȥ
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岻ϲҫԼòҲͬʱᱻÿҲһ˿˲ѭԴȥ
ףҳ󼹵ë֮ϵһ٣С˵
Сˡ۵Ҳǲ죬ߺȻӿһֵĸоƱɨС١˵仰ԣ
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ҳ׿۷ЦȻСȥǱȥԡ

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ʹǱȷʵǰɸѡձѾѩͺȮ忪ʼ½ʹˣҲ⼸ա
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۵ͬ鿴һֳۣԴεľ棬ӦûϢãǰղǸȥ˴֮أô
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к嶼ûмɵĵط۾ֱˣǷ۵ҲΡ빬еľ
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ŵԣתҡ
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ⷬٲȻ˹ȷ޹ؽҪ֮˲ǺǰСǡͬԼһʣڡ
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У˭֪ϺʤǿΪĳҼΪţʱԸó
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һϯ˵ͷͷǵоݣ۵ɶ࿴һۡǴʲô⣬ԭ˰
ʵ֤۵ûࡣ
˵⻰ҳٶȳͶȥһĿ⣬ͼЦչȥС䣬ڸΪ룬ҪҪٿǿǣø籧һ
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46 
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ҳͷſȡ
Ǳ¿ʲôҪҳʣϿʼҡ
ǳ棬ȷʵ嵭ⲻ⡣
ҳڷ߲꣬δüԷʱӡ
߽ſĶǰһ΢ӡǣƷβ
Ƿӡ

ҳ֪ʵǾ䡮ʲôҪ
Ӧ޵ġ
ɷپ̫ҪκڷʱһǻᱻճɴʲôҲ¡
궼ѡ
ڵ⴦ԼƷ׻ʯ죬ȻǺųܹһи¡òڵʯھһη󣬴˴󲿷Ҳᱻȥ롣
նգȫܷŹȥ
һϣҳûʲôɵġ
ǱĴߣôһϹȥ

ʱΣɢˣΪ͵Сͳܲסѹֻʹ׻ʯĸ룬ӲѪ֮ϵѹ
ҳȴ
һڵΪܿסġ
Ҳô˻ῴ񼣻֮ǰ붼룬ۿ
һ㣬Ǳǽ
ĽĿǰ뽭һǡ20ǰҳɷĵȥ
֪ʱ𣬿ܾǴϵͳ֪һпʼ
ҳѾٰЩҪԡ̶ȡĶһͨˡ
ǲɿصģԭΪȫȻȶܹת۲Ҹıġ
Щһ򵥵ĹˣѪˡ
ڱϿɵĻѡ֪ʵڵġ

ͨЩ
ҳԴǵ̬Ҳͬʱŵ仯
ڷԤ뵽˵ʲôҳҪˣһ˰ɡ
㲻ϲȣ
ģȵĶһˣȵģƾֻ˰ɡ
ˣҳҰһĽȴӡ20ˡ21
۽ȫǵɫҳʱ۾ﲻ֪һĨЦ⣬Ǹ˵Ӧûᡣ
ϲᡣ
ĸҳϲȡֻΪǡ䡯䣬ԲŲϲ
ǷĻӦûǿԽܵġ
Ǿ˵ˡҲ˴ǣĩ˻ظһĻǵڣˣС⼸ձɡ
ҳŵͷǡ
˵ţҪеȽȥ¿Լˣ¾ߡ
⼸շл뿪أٵ죬еת󣬾ֻܴڳеȴˡ
ҪǱķˡ
㿴һۣŰɣʻȱһӲɡ
һƷ˵͸
ҳûоֽܾ˻ȥл¡

ٹʱҳ㣬üĨӡǸΪԣβȾǳǳĽɫ㣬Ϊԡ
ҳֻƳƳͱ˸š
Ŀӣɫƽ
ȴзۣɨҳЦһӦþˡ
һ仰ûͷûβҳʱͷӦ
գӦþǷ׼ӡ
ҳһ򴽣̧ʱǡú߶ϡ
ֻƺϷʣʾ룬Сϲʣ
ֻб¡ҳԼࡣ
㲻ΪȻҲɿ
ҳ촽΢
Ҫ˵ǰŴǣ飬ţСԭֻ
һڳʱ֪ڴ˿̻˸˵
ԣҳ͡
ŵʴδ㻯ǰӣ㿴ʼΣñҲΣ
ҳı˿˿ѡûǣԵʱܷ˷ū߱ԭֻͣû˵뿴ˡ

ҳˮһδܷ
ˮ֪Ϊ㣿
ҳ
ĮȻ̬ȵûˮΣСԾǺЩĺͬҲѹֻᱻѡС
ˮ΢²˵ʲô㶼Ӧ£ɲҪˡ
ˮǳһƬġ
ҳͬʱĻĴϵͷ
ڵһӦˮ˿˿ܳ
˽ȥվһԡ
ֻǸһڣװŵķббˣһ仰ǣСûԭΪΣʿ
ˮͳҳȥ
ͼɫ
ûӦ


47 
·ɡ
ҳԵ
Ȼһ͸ҾܾڷǰΪԭͣھ͸ǲᡣ
ҳǱϵͳõС꣬ڵõطͿʼȲϰܷʱöԷǷۣҳǽ˽
ˮȴĿƵĶĺ󱳡

ϵûпҳͷ΢Ŀ
ǰŴ֮ˡոܷ׵Ӱغϣ¶һ䡣
ҲҲգȨġ/
ҲգСڱȨġ
Ӱغ֮࣬˵һͬĻظ
ҳ̧ȥֻһЦмѣͫ縲һȦɫ·߹أܹꡣ
ƽâ΢䣬ڿҡ
ҳûٻػ
꣬ʣ£ţȸ뿪ˣ
ҳ뿪غ󣬾ȥˮǵԼ˷Żԭ
ȥ㿪ڼ˾;ȥǰȥڤһ£бһнҴҸϻ¡
ҳֻ㼴Լȸ¡

ȸзѪСʹѪϡ˲١
ܹǺЩմ״ʣʶȸеĵλ֮ŴԵࡣ
粢޲׼Ĺأȸͬ˽ŷǰ͹Ȼ뿪սʵȨ
ҳ⻰һɫ㵭࣬ü΢΢塣
£ҳţǰȥѰأá
㿴Ҫȥ
ȸ֮λʵǲ͵ģҳò¶Է
ҳףɫߞУûɣ
Ϲ֮Ƴ񽣣ԣɽӽ꣬Ƿֽϵġ
ûĬ˼룬ˮš
ǡҳͷ
ȸһ˿ƣѭŽƵϢҵˮ׷Ѱȸϵҳ֪㡣

ֻȥѰȸ֮ǰҳȥһ˺롣
˷ڼʱʱţֻҵȸٻ
ҳһλغ뻹ڰ֮ǰ
Ϊ֮ǰмĻطһݣºȫЩ˵ģһ룬һɫɴȹСۼ⿴
ˣ
***
崫вȱ꣬ȻܹմеģȴȫҳǷݻطʵ弫
֮ߵūνһʱҲ˲ʶ
ղźĻȹСҳ̵طŵԻΡǸСƺꡣ
ܿ졮䡯Ϣʹ˺롣
ҳһںΧסмֻδüεİĿϣǴ˵磿
ֻСչСԴǸطд˵ûܽȫˣԴƵڲŻΣ
ϾҪˡ
һһƣСȹСƺõװض˶ţ˵ˣҪҽ㣬ǲдƣұǴˣ
ΪСƺܱЩСԵ٩
ҳһСڣͻȻһֻǰתϣƲ˵ֻôӦͫ𣿡
һСߴߴܿ쳳ֵЪ
Χһŵĺ׷׳߿ȥóһ
ֻ۵ˡ
ϳϡ۵ϡһںǸ
ϵ츳ߣ봫֮ػô봫УΪҲǣ̶ѽɺ峤ϡ
ҳ۵΢΢ЦЦ
һϮɫɴ£ͬҳۣЦòһŴڻˣС䡣
䳤ᣬֵ˵Ĺͷ
һҳĬĬƳߡ
۵͡һЦ˳ͷСƺͬΧ۵ĺҲ뿴ϳϵЦһƬЦ

պܺãҳÿÿҲȫΪ˶Ŀҷ㲻롣
ǣϲķΧĪ˾
Щ岻ֻǶʱཻջȴֹһ㡣
ں˵ִȤҳһˡ
Ϻͷ۵ʶһۣ۵Ϊε塣
ϽӿڣⱣ˴ռȥһأ峤һͬȥ塢׼Ҫ˵
»Ҫӵ塢壬кһ˵Ҳʱµġ
˵ҳɤ΢䡣
ӣѾֹԹôһˡ
Ȼ˵󣬼ҳ̬Сƺ굱վɫ˵µо
ǲ֪ɻˡ
Сƺ˵ʱ۹ͱ׺ݲ١
͸ղŵļݲͬԱ߿ԭҿڿŽơСǾ㶼ɪһ˲ɼס
ֻСƺ꣬˾Ϳʼںתƣ͵͵С꣬ȫᱻʹһ١ǾԽԽҲˣΪİͳŲȥġ
Уǰã徹Ȼ˰ѰˣڵҲ˳ƤëЩ˴˻ȥ
Сƺһ˵ԭıŵСǣ˿ȫٲȻͷһ˵£ϵëëҲΪ

ҳЩһɨ
ѹΧ£ġȫЩδεС꣬ûֻġ
塣ҳһ䣬ͬܽ˶޵ɢ
ǿʳĵҳȻס
ǧ򲻸ãǲӦʶԼ֮˵ʱ֡
Ҳǹǡ۵̾̾Ӧġ
Ȼ岻ҳߵݣҲӦ˼ɣڣΪ;ĩ·޷졣
ҳû˵
˵ʲôˡ
ҳһһ䵭ڣȥ塣
Ͽ۷۵ǰȥ
ŶȥıӰ۵
ȻҳǰŸߡ
ʱһˡ
źȻˣģˡ˹ٴˣ

ˮδ뿪ҳյ˱µҪΪҳָ·ȥҳȸ˴ء
õһϢˮºȻ
¾á䡯ȥѳȸץ磡
ߵΪȻѹùȸˣǰǸոջεСꡣ

ֲ֮࣬ˮǲΥϾ˭䡯ġ
ӵּûеȵҳҡ
ˮȥѯʹ£֪ٶȻ˺͹ˡ
ֻˮһ
ľֻз۵һС
˵ȥ壿ˮ۵˵꣬ظʵ
۵æͷĵǵЦȴǾѡ
˹ٴ˸ոճơ䡯ʲô
ˣ
Сƺ겻ϵˮҳģһ壬Ҫȥǳأ
ͷΧһȺδεСҲ塣
԰԰
Ҫȥˣ
̫ˣ
ˣˮĥţо˸
ûǴꡮ䡯յʱǸҲڵİɡ
һСĿߣˮԼ˼Ͱ˸š
Ӧѡ󻳺ģԺ֡

۵סЩС꣬Ҫˮ˵˹ٴˡ
ˮ̧֣ˣ֪ˡ
Ͷ䶼Ǵ̬ոջСƺһȫ졣

˵ġ硯һȥģ
ˮŵСƺꡣ
ɫͰСǽԼͷǰ
ϳϣǿ϶򲻹ЩˣǺģ
Զԣ̫ˣ
СһһҪҳȥ˵þޱȡ
ˮ˿Ҳȷˡ
¸ѿ䡯һ³ȸֶεģû
ŵǣΪ˷ٵģܴһСһƥС
ԽԽ㡣
ţ۵Ҳǰ廰˹ٴģɷܸȥҵġ
лû˵ȫȫˮô롣
뻹һСҪտɸ֮˿ɳ֮Է۵ֻܴС
ֿĿˮ
Ƭ̺ˮ˰֣ʱķˡ
۵㣬λҪȥ𣿡Сƺʡ
۵һ٣ͷӦǵġ

ⲻ֪ˮʱ·Ѹ۷ȥ
ǰķ
ȴ£Ȼš
Ƚб֪
ǿйء䡯¡


48 
ҳһ·ȥ߹ɫһʱ֪˵ʲôá
ͬԲ˹
һ֪ʹϿ飬ʵĵױ˭ҪȣȻҲڵ֪屻ѹ˱¶̬
⻹״μҳı飬ֻͬòýӽĮȻ˿̺ŵ֮һĨ̹ǵĺ⣬ּ˿˿Ȼ
ϲ¸еҳľܸܵԷɢѹǲ͡
ٿأҳͣ
״ϲͷôˣ
ҳ̫ˡ
ϻ˵ԼΪҪȫȴͻȻһɫ֮ĤԴۡ
ͨ
֪һ㣬ϲҳεûܴӶԷٿ̽һ˿
ֻХͿ֪Ĳȡ
ںСƺǷʱҳϸߞ𶯲ѣʾĲƽ
ҳҲ״֪ܹӰˡ
գҳٵȥߞӳɫΪһ޴ǰ
ҳ̧̤ȥһֻ֡


һϮ೤üĿƸѩ̧ȥĵӰһȦůɫ
Ͽˡ
һμСʱԷһɫëʮˣƫƫ֡䡯òӡ
лֳʱҳʱģ
ɫɴ꣬ôվһߣüԶɽĿ۰ѩˡ
ϡ
ҳֽһ
ߞ飬ҳ֣ϲ
΢䣬ָ߽ȥ㴥һ΢ָ⡣
ҳߞ󣬾֡
ָһ롣
ҳѵվȡ
˵ţҳߞ˽һݹӳȥ
ȵ˽һٶȣ˲Ϣҳָķ˵塣

ʲôˣԶԶ͸оһǿ
ҳ˹Ͱ¡
ҳջߞһɨ߻һݣֻһɺϢ˹̲סľݵڵء
ݺӵǿѹϵ֡
ѵһء
ߡҳ

ֱǿƵ̬أһʱЩӦ
ǡͣôȥˣ
ôأóȻ룬ʱٲá
˼ˣϲź֪͵˲ݵľأٹ˼Щ
壬ҳҲֱӷųʶ̽ȥ̽һλ̧žǴߣϸ
źߵıӰһп
ѾǵǸССһֻδܹεСˡ

ĵؽвͬ˴ΪҶﻹйԣиƵľ
˸һڣв˿ǡ
г㣬˼ñϣ֮ϸвͬϢһ۾ܿ
ʲôˣ
һĸߴݴˡǻһ̺ۣ߹˵
峤඼һ֣࣬Ϊ⺷
ʱ޶˾ʹһ֮С
Ȼҳֻһۣ˾ü
Ǻ塣
ڣķǳɤʱǳ١
ԣ壿
˵˿мǰԭǺ塣
Ͼ㶼¶ӣֻǴǹ߳ϵĿ΢Щһ

ҳɫ̫䣬һǸˣá
ϲ˵ģԱ˾ͺܲ
弸Ƿ֮ʣһߞЮŨŨһǰ֮˷Ӧ죬±̧ȥӡ
צڽһ࣬һ죬֮˵ʱߞɢϽƤ⡣
ʺѪҺɵצӴʶ¡
ϾͱɫͼͷѾð˴Ŵŵĺ飬ǾȲѡ
Ϊ׵ǸʵͣűǷϴԳһɣڡ
Ȼ˵һӲ£
˴֮ʡ
ҳȻ

һ߰ʹ̴ڳ˵ĶĤͷƤ֮࣬ƤҲһأȫ㵿˹ⶼˡֻһ˿Ƥ
㡢ߴȫ۳亹ʪۺĿҳСǵǣϣ
龰Ҳͬʱһ˫˲仯צƴ׼Եе̬
ҳĿȴڴˣʶ׽ǺһڶţÿЩȥ
ˣҳսЩСǳҪҪǰڻִ̿ʵŲҲ֮࣬͵ػӳһ
һΣϽǿѹ˵ϢֱֱЩϮȥ
һлƳգԧ쳹ĵؽ硣
***
ҳϱ㳯ٹȥ
ǳʲô𣿡ϲʵ
ҳӦһš

Ӫء
Ŀź峤ǺкιϵΪҲǼˡ
һڣ̾˽ӣȻǼˣֺһ˵
ǣǿʳ峤ٽ˰ɣ
˵ţЦҪҲǲɣ峤߿ĸͷҲһʦͽϵʱٽΣ

üã峤Ҫúÿǿǰ˵ǲǣ
ɣ˵úһƿԣܺ˵һͻᱻ
첱Ӵ֡
мĺ峤һ󴵺ӵۣǲҪǿʶôȣʼռҺأֱ޳ܣ
޳ܣЦһ¶мĩ˻ûûƤ޳ܣҺΣţ
άסһ֮ķ緶峤Ҷˮˮòôͱ˰ɣ
峤ºЦۺ룬۹һ̯࣬ǺǣЩС֮£峤αزͽȷʵ˴󶯸ɸꡣ
С¡
кСأȫȻС£
һС֮Ц
˵ֻСУȴ峤˵ú޹ؽҪ

һѾ˽ŵĵز
ٿȻվһȦڳˡ
գƲһۡ
˫Ŀ΢΢˱գƺھ
ιȥ³һ˫ۣͬվ
ͬͷڣһȫֱֱˡ
״Ҳάֳ
Ҳȫλվ˫Զ·һҪʼһս
սʼ˵ҲǶ
Ҳﱾĵ̣ߺ򴫳г⣬ʽ΢սҲǲӡ
ۿսҪһ
峤
ԶһԶ

һȫ˹ȥ
ֻǺһٮٮߣոսΪϵϡ
һλ
΢һС䡣
ҳϱʱġ

һ滷ɽΣϳŸɫʳ
һ֮Ǹڵĺþ
Դ˵ز˸ֳŹԵϢĻ
ôˣ
ʵϣȴҳ
ţλ峤֣ȻߵΪˡ
ô£
в¶Ȼ顣

ʻʵСˣ֪ڴˣұˡ
һϯѾ˵ҳ֪巢飬ϴǰ
Ǻ뵽𰸡
С䡣ҳ´¶һЦ
ҳˣס
ǻӦ
һߣ˿ȻˣôģͿЩ廹̸Ц˼Ǳġ
ǰǿջЦ
ֻҳ˲ȾһѪɫ

̶ûϵСӣô˵һû
ԱǸ·ġ

һڵһ»Ͳ١
߽һܣҳɵĻӹȥĿϡ
СӣһһҧＷһλȻҳǰ
һļ峤һ֪˴ݡ
Щһֱڻ֮ˡ
ָ̧ҳѹɤӵ

˿ʼҳòŻ˵ͷû
㻹ҳôģ֪ǽʱ˺һ֧֧ûֱӵ
ǡڴʱһ󳳳µƺŲ˵ĽŲ
ЩĿڱһʶͿҳ
Ϊ峤񣬵ˡ
ģϺҳ鷳ġ

ܿ죬ʹһȺˡ
Ϊ׵һе״˰̵ˣֽԲһȦİɫɴ˿˿ѪֻѪвͬ
մȾŵɫĿ
Ͽȥһ
Ѫ
һҳȻڣۿͿʼ
ˣϣ
***
峤ͳ֣֮ȴҲΪɣַΪɡ
һɣȫЩ֮ͽһǺݽɫʵΪۺ
峤ºϿȥǻֻͣѯʣ°̣ôˣ
°̵ĵЦһ۾ҳһ˲˲
УŹͬˡ
ֻ֪ǣ°ϵ˳ҳ֮֡
°˻һС˹ȥʲôֱϣ
Сܶţҳֵģ°һֱûϡ
Ȼʱ˿ڡ
ȵȡ
˵Ƿ˿սȺ壬ʲô
վ˹ȥǰҳʱ֮¸֪
˰ɣ°ɤø£Сҡ
ע⵽°źѪ֣¶˵⡣
ܾãЩԡ
°ͱ֮ͷٶȸߺһģүϣ
˵ţɢ
°̴СܲΥæɱ
һʱ䣬ҡ
ԭûͺ壬ʱҲòһ
Ҳʱҳһٳߞ
ȫû˵һ仰ֻɲǣһȥһ֮˵Դ
ߞøӴѪҺ̼ý鶼ڲ
Ϊ峤ºͬʱȥ
ֻɫƹ͸ǿľһ۾˿ߣ⽣

ҳߵ࣬һǽڶ̶̼Ϣ䣬˸ڿ
ͬʱڵǿʶ˲ֳȥ
飡һߡ
ºϴۣڣ
ƺǲֹ
ٿԷеǡ
ߞɽºϴ졣
ߞɽΨһһϹʱޣʵһ󣬱ٻ֮¡
Ӧ궼ûµߞɽȻѽϡ
ºϱ𾪵Ըӡ
嶼ǿѹô
ЩСУǿĴڣͼº϶ֻǿͻڣҳǽӽڵѹȣֿܵס
ѹֱҳƵüãû꼰ˣȴ
ŵСô
ǰĵɫӰֱ
ҳЩ˵ɻҪ򣿡
ºϼһҳ˶͡
Ȼ֮ʣһɰǿѪ֮ŸɢҰǵɤԶԶ˭ҶʵС䣿


49 
Ͷһǿѹ˿ºֱΪصģͷ°һС
·𱻶סܵвĿɲѹϯ
˷Ӧǻ֮ʱ뱻ǸԳԭء
ʡ
Ǳˡ
ԺͷȫһأڳƵ壬μ¡
Ҳһǿʹȥ쳣Ĳ԰ɫ˵ţӴδκҺ£壬μ¡
һƬУΪʵĵüž
Ȼȴһбֱվš
վû֮ˣһϽסСѣС䣬򡭡
ǰǹ˵ϢȻ
ͬʱһɼΪȵ¶ȹЮž˵صĿУ˿˵Ƥꡣ
ڵϵˡֻܿǰۻӹ˿˿յĽߡ
Ҳ
ɨҳˣ
ҳӦδ
һⷬԻģȫ֪α顣
ȶˣ徹Ȼñ˿Уһʵı
ȷʵ𣬷ƳҳִšȾ˲ѪҺߞûá
ߞһҵĲֲǰ
ֻ顣

κ󣬵õصȥɫ
˾΢ͷ˲Ϳ⣬ˮҲǡڴʱӺϵһҳ¶һԴû°ɡ
ǰ峡ֻһˣ¿˵ĺ˹پڳҳˣؾһ
ͬģҲǲ졣
һԵķҳֻкһСľκˡ
䡯ڵΪǿҪ˰ɡ
ǰѸߞɽ񽣣¶ĳƺ
ºӲͷƤϻ̳Ͽֵ½աô壬ˡСδǰӭӡ
ԣЦһ
ˮԹɫǰ֪
ով⻰ºͬһٴΡͨȥС֪
Щ廹ʶȤˮƫͷ㡣
΢ûһαпȥ̧̬ϥͷţǰѪӶûи֮һ
²̬ˮΣֻȥҳ
߽ܵͶȥĿ˴ߞȾŵѪۣ۵һ˿
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ǲܿűʥգֻȥˮɼ߱ûʲô죬ʱ͸¶˵Ц⣬ǡĵЦ
ˮҳϿڣǾûʲôˡ
˿֮࣬ˮֿʼĵ嵨ҲǴ³ƺòȥ
ġ롮䡯ϣܼ߰㲻ͬģĸǱ´ˣû⡣
ǣǡ䡯Դá

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Ϣġܷ;ܾ˱µҪʵǲʶôҪԭͣ϶һܻȥ
ҳ֪룬Ҳ֪ЩŵСԡ


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Ը䵭ͬʱҲԲÿ
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ͼǰĺ˹ˮ֪ʱˡ
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ҳǴܷҪȥǣ;ͱһȺСסȥ·
ˮ˵ܷ
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⣬ҳǸɫСеġ1񣬼ȥ
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50 
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ǸӳҪֻҪڷߴùã;лʶ
գҳɫƽùһ׼õĺɫѣ㡣
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뵽˫Сë׵צӻɣ㵹Щ뿴䡯ԭ͵ģˡ
˼ˣ򴦴ĸо
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˵ţҳָķȥ
ܿͿǸԾš20ĵɫǰ
ҳûг壬ѾǷĽߣΪ21

һڵķ䣬űȻп
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Ҫѡλã׼ݹͽܵȴʦʱ
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51 
ڤ˳ħ硣
ҳȦɫħɵһд֣鵭˵
˿̴Ź޷ǰԼԡ
ʶڤŻˡ
ǣΪҽڣǺȥħ磿
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ʱľСͽܰԹڴ߳޵ʹŵȴĻ档
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ҳΪȥġ
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Щ
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ǰɽеɢĳ棬ɽڵ඼һΰݡ
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ǾͼһŴʮұӡ˵ţˮǳ˳顣
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ֻôùȥⶼδлţЩҡ
վ´λħʱ򿴵⣬һҪúѵѵý֪ǲֻ˵һġ

ҳӿջȥ
ƳһĨϤӰ
ֻһģӰʶľ͸ȥ
ֱתãڰ˿塣
Ǹˡ
ĺأ

Զһ˲ҳϵͳ棬ȷˡ
ȷʵĺء
ϵͳΪ˷Ұδ㲻ͷʾԷϢҳһʱû뵽ϵͳ鿴
ĺ˵δϵһѱַʱ
ֻû뵽ĺؾȻš
뵽ϵͳոļ
ɨһ𣿡ҳƽкϵͳͨ
ϵͳϵͳжĺڷ״̬
Ȼ
ҳšһһߵĽֵĺ߽һҿջ
ڵĺأ͵ǸֺŰĺأ˵ǽȻͬˡ
һ˵Ρ͡òԸı䡣
ȴǱ䲻˵ġ
ϵͳĺôĺȴںϵͳ£ȫȻһģ
ؾĺҲڵһ۾Ͱϳ
ҳҲڸ˶ԷôãҪϵͳȷԭ
˷ѣαװıٺãҲ¶ڵʱ
ôӹǳĺ֮ҵģҳ벻
ֻ˵ĺҲȫȻûӡ
ҳ²Ӧǰҵĺҡ

ҳ׿ۿջ
ƽջ
¿ջʱͻȻи˽ס
ѣǳڵģ
̽һϮڵӷεҳ
ҳǡ
ȷϣǰʱһǳڵӣ
һúǺ㾶ֱס˳Եüҳɢֻǰ˵䣬վԭص˵ꡣ
ڲǳڣɢ޺˵εʢᣬǳڰεͷܰҲռ˴
ҳЦЩɢ޴һʼûܰͿܰϵĵһϵһ
ɢ˵һͨҳͣ£ʵѿ֪ǡƽջסЩʲôˣ
Ϊ˴˴۵׼˲١
пջȻİŸڵס£ʴҳŻ뵽ɢ޴һ
ɢ޹֪࣬ΪںġûͶԵ𣬾Ͱ֪Ķ˵ˣҪ˵סЩʲôˣҲɵġɽŵĵˡ
뵽ʲôز䣬һϦ¶ջ֪ɣ
ҳûش˾ѾΪϦ¶ջǲݳĿջ۵Ϧ¶ջƹҲˣˡ
˵ģйĺҺϦ¶ջƹĶԹԹ
Щҳǲ˵
ɢ˵Щҳͬǣֻ뿪˴󣬲˼
ĺأȻ
ʲôʱִյһġ

ϵͳ⣬ڵĺأǰĺء
ǰڵӦÿ˵ˡ
˵δǰĺأⷬȻֽһҳ뵽Ϊʲô
ڣ͸Ѳµ
Щ޹ء
ҳֱȥ
øţǰļɽ˵ִ˹
ǰҳ΢ͣٺƵ
ֻǻΪûзͽǰ˲ˡ֮͡
ʲô˸͵ӹ
ҳ
ǰ溰֮ѾأԹˡ
ҳȥͼһɫ۵ͨȲҴĹϢ
͵
󻹸һˡ
ҳϵãӦǶҵġ
Ǻ󷽿ȥǼɫۣС۴һöͼڣֻǿЩ
Ʊɳ㡣
ŷҰ

ٿͷСӡ
ҳҲ㾭£ֻǼ򵥵ĴӼ˶Իܲµ١
ԼĪŷҵЩӵܳײ˶ҵλҲ֪ײǱײϣǰ߰ҲҺͶҵĶϾˡ
߼ҳ첻˵üë㿴ʲô
ҳ򴽣ֻ·
·ưһ㿴һ㣿
ҳ΢Ҫ˵
ֻǰͻȻһɤ誡
ҳֻһЩϤ̧Ŀȥ
Ұгһӣ½ڣǡǵڶйһ֮ԵĶӡ
ɡ
Ҳתͷ磡
ƳƳҳãͬ˵ٻҪѵأ
Ҳע⵽ҳܿϳڡ
Ȼ˵ǰ
һɤӲ෽ľϣͽܣ˽ѵ


52 
ǿѹɨȴҲֻѰ㣬һͣ󳷻ء
ƫͷͼùܵѾ亹乡
ʲʲô˰誴ִִ˿ҧѹĵطݵɹȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ҳҲѭϤۡ
Źĵĵط˱ͦվţһϮɫ΢΢˻Σ̧
ϸˣĨӰ
ðΣɵ۹˹񣬽Ͱ͵𡣡
ɼˣҲ˸񣬡ɣ𡣡
ҳʦ𡣡
˵꣬²죬ʦڴˡ
Զɵͷֻɨɨ誡
˫º͵״θֳֵɫǳҲ䡣
޶˵Ķ˶ӣ𾪵Ըӡ
ոǷɵСĵƲҳľǳڷΣ
誰ûڲոռԷĪָҲƢţΪֻǸСӡ
û뵽
Ȼĵӣ
ںڸղԼ嶯˵Ķ誣ֺ֪Ȼʢᡣ
ҲǴ˶˿װɡ
˲¶డ
ԽԽղҪĴҲֲ˺á
ţС͵һλ飬һƬģת۾ˣʣ
Ҫ

˵С¡ǲسֵģο
Գݡ
ʱɶ޶ȣǰɹ̵ܽܵܲϣ֡
˵ֻšһ㿴ҳǳô
ҳãӹȥ
Цɤᵭְ˿˿磬ˣ
ԣҳս˵ģջʳ
˼룬ҳͷСأˡ
Ǳ߰ɡ
ҳǡ
˵꣬ҳڽܽޡȥ
·ŷһʱϡϡɢɢ뽭ڵһӦĿ뿪
ҳƲһۡ
ֻѹɤӡԶ誵誣öˡ
ᣬ磬Ҵˣҡ
ϴᣬκ߸治ϰҲ޶ԡ
ҳĳ֡
ŷǼӵӹһ٣˶ҵ˶ϣлҲᡣ
***
ҳŽܽޡ
һڣֻа˸ʳ֮˲ٻ
ĸʱٿرһֻƸͷ󣬵һջ֣Դơ
գֻ˿ı
ҳ֮˶ȥ԰ɡ

ҳ벻ͻȻģֻߵСͯȥ
½ʦֿЩȥɣͯϸʦ׼˺öࡣ
ҳѾǸˣüë΢ɲ££
ϲԣ˺ԺһͨôҲɡ
ôȥƻ֢
ţȥܽޡ·ϣҳôСĴǡ
ȲǵʦͽϵҲĹġ
ֻڽڽǳ궫뿪ʱǵˡ22
߼䣬ҳϵͳ档
22
ħħ5
ʣ21
ڤڤ2
¼ӵĻһµʱֵġ
ڼ6
ĽĽݻ15
ҳһֱɨ·ϵͳºĹϵб
ڼĽݻĹϵڡѡһˡ

ҳ۲ϵͳĿյԵĻͯͣ
ҳ֪ܽޡˣֻջϵͳ̧Ŀȥͼܽޡ⣬վŲŵɫ۵ˡ
Ƕҡ
ֹͯͶҳ½ʦȥɡ
ҳЩҵ˼룬ֶԻͯͷǾͻͯʦˡ
ϣҳȥ
ſڣ˵
ĵһ仰Ƕ뽭ҵӣгײĵطĪҪͬƽϡ
˵䣬ʲôŵϡ
ɵүүǰΪģүү岻㣬ʶδǰΪϽյүү֪ϰ衭
ҳ˼䣬ĵⶫɲǱСһζҼˣ̸¼ݲȡǵ壬ԼԼ͸Źɲݺӵš
Ǽλʧ̬ʱģġ
Ҳҳ棬жôõĹϵҳǾ仰һǰʧ˷ִ磬Ӷˡ
뵽ڰµġҳ
ҳʱ䣬о볬֮ʱ硣
꣬洫ٲȻ֪̽ĵ
ҳ˽ȥ
һȥͿ˷ˡ
ŵģǽһǶɣһǡš

ҳ̧̤룬ʦ𡣡
ֿ򶫷ֵܶˣ˵ӡ
ɼЦͬкӢüɼɣ½ѣþò
һĶҲк
չȥҲͶԵװɢޡҳǰ˵©һ裬Ȼ¶
ֻǽҳ
ҳһ٣ûаѲݳһϸ֪еһ塣
ʱȴһŽ֪½ڲݳǽʶʱжδˡ
֪ҳɽʱ񣬱ɴƶϳʶͷ
Ȼ£ֵ˼䣬ʹŶ뿪
ҳְһǸģŴǣʦ𡭡
һִ࣬һ΢Ŵĵȥҳƫͷţ
δ̧ۿĿͣǷϡ
ʲôһ˲̽ȥһʲôɰ˶ܳС
ҳ룬ȥҪڣֻȥʱ
Ҳǡ̧ۡ
Ŀײҳ̽˫ʢ
꣬ҳƲۣûʲô
Ĭ˼Ц㰡
һһ
һ˳Զһ˼ռֺܰг
***
һʳ
ҳ˳һڵӾסԺ䡣
ֻǻûȥĵļ쳽ĵӣ˿ͬʦֵ֡½ʦ֣㣬Ƕҵġ
ҳһʱ˲²⡣
ǶɣǶš
ںߡ
ȻҳԼķ䣬ıǶš
һ̧֣ʶԼݺ͡½ǲġҲһͬԹһٷʵȴһԹü١
뵽һ㣬źܿͰִȥֶҳɰͰ͵Цһ¡
ҳЦĶһԷ뿴мܣӡҵһλѡ
Ż֯ԣôʶһ£벻һûˣһ˲ˡ
ȫûʶҳھôһ仰ʲôԣȫȻп
ǰɲǰɣ
ˣ
Ȼϳˣ
ҳ׼ʱȻ˽
½ʦ֣ˡ
ҳȥĽݻ

ĽݻһϮɫۣɫƺ֮˼֣԰׵϶˼ɫ߽ҳһЦ
֮ҳ
ĶҲһʱɵˡ
ҳģôĽݻ
뵽ǴεĽһΣҲ֪ԷûȥĽҵɢ޵ݣĽҵʵ֪ĻӦǲѵģ
ȻȾ¡
ŻΪǴںȶ˾ơҳͽĽҶͷͬʱһһϢӿ̫죬ĴѾʹˡ
Ȼͷ֮࣬ҳ´ΪĽݻܣ֮λǶĹӣš
ҺĽҵĹϵһ㣬ͬݳǣȴ١
ĽݻԶҵĶţԶ֪ľûôˣҳͬܣҲŶŵͷ
ӲͷƤĽݹӣ
ֻǿ׵Ļȴһȡ
ʲô˵ֳɻ࣡
ǣС֮ӡ
˵𶫷ң˭뵽ܶԵüż
ǣǺеˡ
ǶſɲΪУµĶȥˣǰȵưˣ㲻ʲô

ΪĽݻļ룬Ų̫ڣûñ뿪ˡ
ҳҲûš
ֱŻġ

ˣоֻʣĽݻҳ
ձ˵ˣղŵÿй
Ľݻͬ
ҳЦЦҵĴӦЩȥ㡣
ĽݻüҼˡ
ͻȻ棬ҳ˶١
ĽݻסɤвŵϷʿڣò˵Цɣ
ҳһͣЦҡͷûУ´һ֮㡣
˵ţҳڽβһ䣬硣
˵ЦԼ´ο˭Ƚ硣
ҳ˭̸˵ô໰ĽݻǰЦ˵һ䣬֮ɲҪˣ㻹ǷһΡ
Ľݻ˵һ
漴ŵЦ˼ˡ
ҳ̶ۣ˳ȥ
һ뿪ͽˡ
֧棬½ʦ֣֡
ҳЦſ
ǰ֮üĿºͣЦݳγɾſǳͣã̾˿Ҳϲ½ʦġ
ҳʣôˣ
ƲƲ죬ƿˡΪȥơ
ҳʾ⣬˼ǹ䣬ʵһ£ҪԼ̫׳ӡ
̫̿ҲδؾǺ£żҪɿɿ졣
˵ģһ¾;Ȼʣؾվ
ҳƳߵ½ʦ˵öԣǳȥɣ
ҳشѾ˳ȥ˳ȥг½ǡ
ҳ
ⷴӦδ̫ңһԷǲΪסڳ̫ơ
***
ҹĺ֡
ҳżһгóȥΪĵش
λںǵĶ
쵽ʱֵϵɢǶߺʲôȥҶȥ
ʲô֣ߣȥ
ˣˣˣ
Ҳע⵽Щеȥסһѣ
ǱץסɢޱҲҪȥģرץס黹мֲƣϵĵӷΡ
ڱ־Լ쳽ϡеıɫƳɵĹ塣
λɢǸеʶģһ֪˼ǵݣɫͱˡ
Ѻ°ʲôܰǵģɢ޺ǺЦš
Ƕ˱ǸĵͷȷʵҪʣʵѣҪȥġ
ɢ޴ֵİ֣ǡǾ
ʲôģ˳էԺǰ㲻죬ɢʵ
Ǻϱߵһɢ޽ͣʣɢޱѼڣûʲôģɽղˣ
ɢ޼˵Ŀ㶼㼯ϣǸҲԼ˹а²ݣЦż
ҳͶɢϣ˸ͷɫһ
ֻɢ޵Ǿɳ˼£бιŸɫ𣬽յã֪ʲôħȫԾ𡭡
ǳ棬ɸԾŲ롣
ҪԾŻãˣɢ޶ǵǲôţ
Աߵĳ½Ⱦʣôˣ
ɢޡѽһǵˣǲ֪һȺȫѴ֮ģЩҪĽ˸⣡ھøĳɡˣ

񡢳Թ⡣
ҳĬĬ˳ǡ
ȸȻڴˡ
ҲʵǸߵ
ȴȤʲôɿģ
㣬˸⣬Ҳ֪кֵȥ׷һˡ
ɢ޼״ȴҡҡͷٶȹǵĺ档
ɢޣ֪淢ʲô
һڣʲô
ɾͺˣɢ˸ӣ˲ͣߴ£ƵЩͨ͸ʲôһʼǿͷģֱˣ
ǷȴͻȻǡ
ȷе֡гڵӶ
Ǹɢ˵ˣͿһ
ԶƳҳ
ҳȥ
ˣ½ʦأ
͵

ͳһ˷ɢҳߵһƫƧ䣬崫طˮϢ
ȥȸȻڴˡ
ֻƬ̣յˮĻ
ˮھ
Ҳ֪˴¡

ҳûٵȥҪȥˮϡ
ֻǻûþҳȱһ°ס
ֿĺء
ǹһˡ
ΣҳøˣܹԷĺؽ֮ĺһοķ״̬ʵǺ̫ࡣ
˿̵Ǹ湫ӡ
ҳǰʱú˸ţײ
ĺòǸ
£ĺؿҳò㡭


53 
ҳĺԶӣɫ䵭
ֻڶݵĲڨڨЦЦЩ󣬲һÿҳ롣
ǲʶˣ
롣
ҳɫĶ࿴ĺؼۣͬʱ
˲װ
ˣô˵ĺҲûзǰһֵ˸䡣
˭
ҳû¶ۣվԭȻȥĺء
Զоֹ뵱ǸĺҴӡǴĸǶȿҳ֮һ˿ƶȡ
ĺصӰʧҳƳƳ߿ķͣ˼ȥ
ҪģҪҵȸ
׼ʲôеν⿪ϽƵġ


쳹һƬ죬ҳȥʱѾǰΧ۵ʿ
ʲôɣȤ۵δʼµҲǿ֣˴ʲôͬѰ
˿ֳ̳ľҳУǰˮɽǴһ֪ɺϻǡ
ΨһͬģǸǰû¶ټ
ȸδ֡

ҳѭһ˿ǣҵϽǵһþ޴µŵˮ
ˡˮǰ
з֣
ҳͶ޴ɢ޿е澰
֪Ǳǣš򶼲ȶһЩȴȫں档
ɢٿȻȥһ漴ƲֲЩİʧˣ֮бʲôɵ
ˮҲһĻü˼
ҳ硣
ȸڴˣˮ۾һ˲ת۾ͰȥһǸ֪ںδ
޷ҳ̧֣
Ȼ֤˾״ȷʵǳȸΪǾͺðˡ
ҳֻڴ˴
ͬ׹Ĵ㣬ˮĬҪáˡ
淽ŴһɢڵС鷶Χ˿ѾֺһƬһͻȻɽģǰҲֹȳ档
һϯ˲òȥ
ɽɢ޺ܿ˵Լ֪ģ˵иޣЩ
ޣ
ٻʿ㼯֣˴ġ
ܿԱв֪δһɤƷײͰӦҲֵͦǮġ
СһܽԼš
Ҳãô谭Ĵҳˮ˶С

޵֮洦ɼޡ޵ڵٱǧʿֺֹһ
ҲȻû磬ٵԭ
ֻཻǰ˽½У˶Ͼʿɱȡ֮ɵʵġ
ϹŷѪɲС
˵⻰ƾʧԣ֪ȺеǸ깣û˳С
ˮ¶ɭ׵Ǹȥķһ
Ĵҳûֹѹǵ˼֡
Ȼˮжһҽд龵һܡ

ȻֹΧŵȺɢ¶һյء
ͼ˷ֿĵطһѪģӰ֫鲼˺ۡѪأ״Ϊҡ
ˣ
Ŀ֮£ɱΡ
һֻŸϮͷ
֣ûȻȹ֮¡
ôģ˾
û˷ִαɱһ˿ϢҲޡ

ңңעӵˮ΢٣
ɱ֮ˡǸոտֵǮɢޡ
ҳת˲ּ˵װֳȥ鿴ĽŲ¡
ǲȥˮ̧ŸҪǱߣдȥͼҳĶһͣ
ҳ𻰣Ǳ߼˵ȺбΪ
ԣˮĪüһĲ˻
ҳüĿɫ˰ߡ
ȸˡ
***
޳ںǡһĵĲɱһɢޡ
ɢޣΪصһȺˣûûɣ½ÿ伸ǵĴڡͬʱҲ쳣Žᡣ
ɢںǱ£ܿʹˡ
дںǵɢһϢϾ
вӿʼҪ˵Ϊκҷǡ

ȥǰֻͶҳ½ʦ֣Ӧû޾ôö֮ĵڶʿɱˣá
һ˻ɫĺ˵
ҳţҲ¡
ճȸӦǰˮټȥ֮ǰ뿪
Ǹɱɢޡ
˾Եùˡ
˳ȸˮﻹеĸ塣
ȻΪϵǴӺζֻĿɲֹһˡ
ʱˮҪⲻûע⵽̶֡
뿪ˮ˳ǡ
һ£ҳȴǾܾˡ
Ϊ̫͡ҳ
ˮһҭΣСġ˵ĳ˺ǡ
ҳ뿪ΪԼ㣬Ǻһʼ䱸ˮʵӲ
ϵͳڣ赣ɢǾ䡢Ѳ޵ڡ
ҲѰȸڣԼӦߡ

ɢһ֣һҳϡ
ǿʼѰޡ
ҳ˵û⡣
ϧˣʦû澰ֳ˵ҲŪġ
ֻΪλɢ޳־Ͳö֪ˡ
ڳǰЩ½ʦҲһȥ
Ӧ֮ϴʢģҪ࣡
ҳ¡
״½ŽӻǳٸҼ콣ֺͷɡ
оʦ˵£زڵ
ҳһʦҲˣ
ԣ˱˵ߵͷ½ʦֲʦ𣿡
ԣҳ߰ɣһȥ
һ·ǰȥ
ɢҲмŵģλɢ˱ǰ۵˿ҲҪ˵ɢһ
ҳȥʱĿ˾ʦ
ڻֺͻ󣬰ŷ飬дʣ֪ڿı𾭡
һ̣ǲĿ⡣
سҳ˹
˫Եīɫһ˲ҳĺ˸в⣺ʦǰ³һ壬Ϊ˺ǣ

ҳûнȥֻջغ;ӵĿ뽭߶ϡ
߶֡
½ʦȥɣЦƣͬԱ߼ʦֵܴȤ½ʦֺãһͱע⵽Խȥš
ҳ˶٣ȥ
;·ŵĵطͼŻЦЦڴк
ҳͬͷ
һڣһ˿ڣǳɱɢһ£Ͽоϣ
˵Ŀ˵ȴǲƽ
Ǹɢޡ
ȻҳеġϡʱеĽŲһ٣̧ױѭɢ˵ķֱֱλࡣ
ϣ
峤ɿеġϵ֮ܲˡ

ҳտȥǡþͼŵˣʱҲͷƫԼλãٿر˫ܶϤһеĿԡ


54 
ͻȻ֮ͺͺϵײϣҳС⡯һ
ת˲ϱջԼϵĿ⡣
·𷽲ŵһֻһɨˡ
ҳֱ֪ˡ
֮ϡ
ɿᵽǸԲ֮ˡ
ͨһ㣬ҳ㾶ֱߵ˽ԣһɤΪʦߡ
ҳá
˲һ仰ڳٴܳ߿
окϡ
ǰɢ̸ĺϡҲڴʱתԽЦĵӣ
ϵĿΪɼͬϵ
Ŀϡ
ҳǰ½ϡ
ɾ峺ССѽӤʵѵá
͵ĵͷ⡣
һҲӿڵŻǱʢĿףһȷʵ
򵥵һβڻٶתΪ˴˴ɱһ¡

ֽǲںǲ̽
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ȻʼΪͽȷʵԭ
Ǿ䡮ȷľʼ̾Ժ
Ǹʦ𣬴Ҳʵ
ڣǶԷĸйı䣬ŽͬҲʮָӡ
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ѾǰǸ⣬һ£峤֪ƶɮǰǣԴ˷۵ɽƶɮǳԸƶɮ
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˽׿ϣҳҲΪλΪԼˡ
뿪Ǻȥһˮɽǵš𿿽ǣⱻɢ޷֡
Щҳ㿪ʼͣħȥ
ħλ½߽ĵطб鲼Ũħԡ
֮ǾԲ῿˵صġ
ҳħ磬㱻ڴ֮
׿ȥ֮ϱ鲼ɫ
ħ׺ϣ׽Ƕ㲻ʲô
ҳħģǿħֱ̧ۣ㸲һĤħֻһ˲ǿнĤ˺ѿһ޴ӡ
Ǹ˺Ŀգ۱Ũ档
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սȥڽĤħϥ۵أμ
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ħһ̫ǵû졣
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⿴Ա͸NɪˣˣϣЩģֶһˡ
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һ֣Ż𣿡
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ⱾںͬȤߵ뷨һ£űԱ֮ˣԶһʱ͵ؾһ
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55 
һϤġСѡҳһת֪ˡ
ԭ⼸δᵽڤˣ
ڼ
һ룬ҳתȥңңͶȥһƳҰһĨɫӰ
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ѸٵİԼȡ
ű֮ħһ˿һƮȻɷޱȡ
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ҳ鿴ȥһϲŭ̬Ű˵
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ҳ֪ħǺʱġ
ֻһ󣬰һħ׷׶ʱûж
θߴӻһϮɫϽɺɫƵ׺ΪߵĿԡһ˫İͫг壬űٸ˼㹥ԡ
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56 

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գҸõĸ㡯
Խ仰ٿؾҳü
ѹֵȥԽʱһƬ֮С
𰵷⣬Ҳ˵һֱڱδ뿪ʱҳԽɫʯǴӺζġ
ԭ˵ҪõġʱѾ׼ˡ
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ͼʯ⻬ƽϷһӨɫ͸Щ·ϡƼм両ϸСˮݡҲ֪ǽ˶õĺʼնûҳȹ
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ħȷʵǴԹʵΪ
һħλʱȴʵ֮ϻħ
Ϊ㣬ħ类ħƿ֡
ȻҲвߣжǡֻرǵ³
綼Խ֮һħΪĺʵȻ
ԽҲħ𡢾Ѹٵ£ڶħ
ɷħ֮һ
ֻʮħ
ֽľħ
һħɷݷꡢ̶ħҳҲʱħ塣
Ҳǡãɷ˸
ħйһ¡
ҳǸħƽƽСħò׻ħɷѱ䣬ڻҡ
ԽΣɴЩ鴿Ȼħɿ

ҳȻۣȻӹܡ
ҳóԸɹ˶Էġʹ
˭벻ħ𣬻Ǹȵġ

ȻվҳߣԴ˲ʲôԽôȻ
ħйɲС¡ƿҳִŵɫʯܵ
ҳѶ˻ȥû˵ʲô
ʵʼħʹʱںԽƢԺҳҲܹȻ֮ˡ
ǰߵǺֳԸͶ
ʱߣƴȡ˸ӵ˱ˮһ̾졣
ħԶΪ𣬷ϲĵط
ҳ֪һ㣬Զǰһ⣬£
ư˰֣㶼ڣҹ
˵ţȻˡ
ҳƳô죿
һβҪã쵹е㷴
̾˿ⲻ˵ˣŹ
ҳһ٣Ŀȥ
Ϊħ֮һȻԼĹλħ֮ϡΪΰԻʯ͵Ĺǡ
ʯ̺Ļħϸߣϰǲ˵
Ҳҽ¶ȶʮ֮ߵԭ
ֻǡ
ҽħв̵ľ룬ƵΪضҪʱࡣ
Ҳգ˭Ϣȥģ

ҳߵ񾭱Ƚϴ֣ע⵽Щ
һ
ţҳڵ

ҳ˿ϥ۵İ⣬˵ɣк£
񣬰վãҳ黹ŵǿϾиˡ
ʱȻû
ĴλںƽһܺǺ飬ҳáҲûôнˡ
ʱǰڤ磿
ҳһ٣ģ
Ŀֲãһ⡯æڵ⡣
գҳ룬š
˵䣬ҳȥ
ƳƳ뿪ķ򣬰ջߺ۷ǵŵڼ
ڼ
ˡǰȿڡ
ţڼѹüۿ
ֻڻħǲŻεѹеڼȴǲᣬܿȥˡ

ҳȷʵȥԽˡ
δһΪǳɫ˵ò
ϸۣǸɫм䣬š5Ľδ䡣

ҳһοԽĽǡ1ʱˡ3ϴյԷɫʯʱΪˡ5
üΪ
ҳԽġ5֮˵ĸ߽кβֵͬںϣҳĶвͬ
1ĳʼԼԺһʱ
Խġ1ǴԼѾΪ˶Է£Ǳ֮µˡ
⵹ҳˡ
ʲôľŻһħˣ˵ĲƱ಻Դǡ
ҳĿĿ֮ĵطǸɫĽҲƶ
ķҳڵλá

ûҳѾԽ
ӰһϮۣ߹ڿڴƣɫϡøߴ󣬻ǳǵƣž֮С
̧ۿȥĿϣһ˫ɫֱֱӹ

ҳһ񣬡²μ
Խ߽Ӧһš
¹
Խ
ܵߣҳ΢Ӳȡöɫʯ
ҳʣԽ֮ʱȻˡ
Ʒ״
ҳšüαΪգ֮£ޡһءֻδڡ
Խϡ
ɤ΢๡
ҳժɫʯʱҲˣħƺɢף˿˿ƵƯڿС
֪ħԽɫ
ҳѸٵİѶ˻ȥ
½ǰڤ磬ٽﻹҳ˵ţֹ˹Ҫȥ
ڼħգͲǴ˽ˣȷʵʺ
Խãҳ˵Ҫʱ鶼δһ˿仯
Σ㡣
˵գԽȥͽҳԭ

ҳԽȥʱ
ڼڵš
㻹ڣҳü
ڼЦ£ڵ㡣
ҳ˶٣߰ɡ
ͻȻһ߰ɡڼûлعҳȥ
ڼͣͼ룬ѯʣھ͸һȥ
ҳ㵽ʲô
ԣڼ̯ġ
Ĩںۼڡ
ڼЩζǧֻ꣬Сһ˵ҡ
ڼ䲻ڤʮʵǿһ뻯֮˼ɵҲ˸ǡ
ҳЦһҵġ
ǡڼЦЦһʱüĿ续Ҳֹҵģҡ
ҳͣû׹
ֻԷŵ
һγĬУҳżڼСѡ

һֱǳħ磬ǰڤ·ϣҳڹ۲ڼ
ߴ̬Ȳ١
˵׼öݡֱˢĿĽһ¡
ӦЧġ
˳зǰڤ磬ҳţʵ˵ģ

ڼȷʵǶǧУΨһеҪཻСЩȤЩһڣԼһ¡
˿СѳԼüһʲô
ԼҳЦһ޷ǳϣЦҲʮ⡣ڼЦһʱûлع
Ȼһ˲ͼҳЦϵɢ飬¶һ͵ʱһμ棬˽ʱ顣
ڼƶź壬ٶ֮̾
㲻˵Ҵ㣿ҳŴɤڽ
һʱԼ˼ڼЩʧЦ
ҳû
ڤʱ
Ĺƶ
ҳħȥڼȴΪϡ
ô£ʶʵ
ŵĹƺű
ڤʱС
ڼɫҲһ˴ڤ硣


57 
ڼ˵ġָ˲ڤµĽǿн롣
ӵȱµģ½ָ
ħڤУҳڤϤ
ڤҲԸġ
˵ҽ߸ĸģΪݵĹϵڤִҳĲҳཻ࣬вںһڡ
ʶڤУҳջЩǴһĿС
˿ڼһ֪⡣
ҳµı֡Ҳǡ÷ǳڤ״̬ڼԺһὫǡ
ҳδ֮ûжʣá
СѵòǺڼ࿴ҳһۣҲûʱٹ˼Щ
ڤı߾⣬ͬн磬ƵΪء
ڤ֮£˻½ѹƵĽĤ֮һ

ڤشĹӿӦǳʲôӣڼ˵򵥡
֮ˣίʵһ㡣
ҳڼڤ磬߽һ

Ϣɭƺֲһ˿ķ
ǣڼʵ
ҳɨɨĿڵĽŵĺ͵ʯѲȥطʯΪƣϾǻ˽ط
ٿ
˹ΪΣһЩСɾµϷ
ҳϸһڼˡ
Ȳǡ߹۶һЦ̶ǷҲһζ
ʻҳûеһʱ
֪ʵ֮Ļع飬ܿмŮ˽Ŷ
ڼ֣ǵúź򡣡
˵תͷһ
ҳͷ뿪
Ůڼߺ󣬾ûôнˣ˼Сҳ
ֻüΪÿĮϢŵ⣬üĿ΢ŲãһŮͷȥ
ȥҳ͵Ļǡ
һҿ
߳Զ̲ס棬λϡûй
ףڤģ
Сۣ뵽ڤг£һ֪꣬˭ô磬ڤŭڤ¶Σ
***
ڤ
ڼϵʱ㿴ڤϷ鲼ŨУһ˿һѹȻУſһĨεĿ磬ǰ֡
˶٣ڼڤȥ

ֱڤġ
ڼɫҲز٣ѭŵġϰİİӡ
ڤأڼʡ
ǰӿһۣޱĳء
ڼԣ̧ҪڣȻȴӽס
ߵĳһɽ֮ɬУüǼǳɫͷǳǳĻҰףһ˫ɫͫз޻Ƶҡ
ڼ˫۾¶סͽ
Ϊڰףڼڤˡ
ֻƺ𣬸һǣԣֻڤۺ
ڼ˷ʱ䣬
⻰ڰǲܰڼ
״ڼһ˼Ҫôܽȥ
ʱһС
ڰס
ֻһԭް㷴Ӧڰ׽סڼĶջء
ͬһľż
֪ڼμһĻڼɨǰһۣ漴ǲУͽڰվûж

ҳʵеƬ̣Ѱһ
к棬ȴҲڴʱȥοڡڤ֮С
һħȻڤ磬ҳ˼Ժôʱ
ڼˡ
һֱ⣿ڼͿɴڴ˴δŲҳü
ǼŮҲ
֪룬ҳ𣬡ߵġ
˵ţɫĹ۲ڼɫ߱糣ûа״
˵ôڤ硭
ڼԼȻһüëʲô
ҳҲڣֱʵôô죿
ˡ
Ȼˡ
ҳ̧ü
ڼƲԸ˵תֵҲˡ
ҳѯʣڼͬ˾䡮ʹҳʵ
߳ʵԽԶҳµԤбǿңղڼе˼ǡ
ڼĶܿ졣
˲ʱ㵽ˡ
ҳԶԶһéݹɵᣬ촽ǣһ£ֹ
ڼǽԼĵط
˴ҳΪҽʱڡ

߽ʱ㿴ĲԶ˼ӣ˲ˡ
ע⵽ЩˣڼҲ΢Щ
ڼҳܵǹҽסĵطˣЩӡ
ڼ˵߹ҳߵġһĿȫǵĹһɨżڼü
ıЩ䵭ƺ˵㲻ƽ
ҳɿһۡ
ˣ޺Ȼ
ǡҳء
ʣģ
ҳ
˵ڼ
⻹ͷһα˻ɵĿ̽ӣڼûֱݣǶŹ޵ͷǹ
޵ҵȻ֪ǣ
Щмֵ⣬Լı¡
ҳ⻰ЩϤ
ϸϸǹ޵ɨŻȻ
ǰޣĻ
ιǡ
ҳ
Ӧġ
ţǹָڼոǲƲǹҽˣ

ͻһʣڼ
ҳҲһ㶡
޼ҡӣߺڵҽΪƣҵΪƯԲŻ⣬ٿˡ
ԣҳһʱʧЦ
ûϵ޾ӵ˵ҲǴά
ֹ˵ܿ;Ա߲ŵģ쳤߿
ڼһЦͬҳЩЩܹҽݵģ˶
ҳһۣ֪α顣
ҲԡڼǺƢĶԹ޵һ䡣
ҽ˳ȥռҩˣջ޼̬Ȼ㲻ĵĸһѣ˵˭ڹҽˡ˵գͷҲصĳȥ
ҳǵãϴ뿪ڤʱ˴δЩ࿴һۡ
ڼע⵽ͣǰòŴģҹҽģ᳷ȥҲֻǲ˾Ȼôࡣ
ĸ̾ҳһ١
ڤУıЩֻر֮ˡ
඼ǰѣǶɽʧ֮ܽ±סһ˿ߡĻһ࣬Ȼڡȴ˼ߡ
ҳڤǰԸԭȱꡢѰʧĻߣͨŲͻɢ
󣬱ǵľ
ڼ˵ֲһ䣬йҽ

ڲ˰Ρ
ҳЩȴҽعεĹޣºȻӿ
ǰ֪ǰЩ˶״̬
ѹÿÿǶôյϢ
ԭǴδ뿪

ΪЩǵΪеһůʱ
ڼڴ˵ţҺܿ
ҳӦˡ
Ƭ֮ûڼ
ȵڤ
ڤ۴ٹҽԡ


58 
ҳ֪ˣʵʱڼ˵Ǿ䡮Ҳˡʲô˼
ԭǰڤ浱ڤ۳桢ٻعҽ
ǹаŵһڤ۵ʱҳѸ˴˵ء
ȴҽع̫࣬ȫϵ
ݡ
ҳڼ˵뿪Ƕע⵽
ͻȻȲҲ֪Ǵģ˿ֶˣͷԡ

뿪éݣڤ۵㵽ˡ
תݣҳƽ˳ƹǣȥת۾һεۻס
ռ֮򿪣һǿĹϯ
ҳûзֱӳȥ
Ҳգ۹ڤ͵ˡ
ڤģڹǰŵһ֮Ϊڤĵط
ҳǵһ⡣
ϤһããɫֻλǰǸɫĽƺܽ
ǳǳɫ
ҳ΢㵣Űȥ
˼ҳǰͳһ˽¡

һòΪ³꣬Ļɫͷɢţڶ˫͸ʱҳһ
ȷǣԿ
ֻЩʲô
˼ˣҳ󷽴Ų
漴һڼԴŵ㲻ɤ𣬡ҽ˿ǿЩʲô
ҳĿȥڼ˫΢ԡ
Ըոս¡ȴʼնһԵ꣬͵΢ɫĴһһϣǡ
ֻһʣȻȴô𰸣ڼͣԥǣ
ȷʵ²ڰ˻ǡ
಻ǣû뾹ǡ
ûǣͺñʬ⣬ʬⶼ㲻ϡ
ݴͲ˵Ǿʹ̱ڴҲδ֪
޸ûôᡭ
ҳڼǲԼͬǸꡣ
˿̷·ǵ̸㣬δŵĽֱվ
ڼڰ׵Ķ֪Žȥˡ
ֻڤ۷ܴߵһ˿Ӧ
ǣǱľżˡ
ţ֪δһ͵͵ɤڰ׸ÿ
ҳһ΢ɲĳƳȥһۣڼһ档

ʲôܽһǾʧĲȱӺġ
Ⲣ򵥣Ļɹ
뵽Է֮ǰʹùοռ֮ҳҲ㲻ٶ˼
Թģֺֹڤۡ
ʡħͬˣȻ˵˵Ľҳв⡣

ҳڼ֮󣬺Ȼǰ֮ѯʣҽ˴˷ȥģ
ȥѰĵرҩ֮áҳش
ڼζ뵽ǰûһˣʶ
ҳ⻰ڼͷǰߣߡ
ҳȻ֪ӦδȥǸԽԽĽɫˡ
ͬʱߴڼ
ˡ
һԭɢ
ҳڼ̵¼ڤۡ
˵ֻ꣬Ȼɢ˸ɾ
һΣֻһǳĲ
̧䣬ҳǰ֮˿˸ȫ
һϮ׹䳤ۣɢϵīɫ֯һΪӳáߣȴһۣͱ˫ǳɫͫס
Եɫӣ֮ע⵽
ҳݵ㶹󷽲Ż񣬿ڲƮܹݡ

ڼǼڤ۵ģ˿Ƚһ£ҽˡ
Ȼסҳֿۣڼ
ߵ˿ħй֮
ҳ̧ħй
ڼǡ
֪ҪΪԼħҳǰ׼˿ֻȷеġ
ԣڼ¶һȻ飬ǹҽˡ
Ѳħ֢֮ǡ
ҳȻһЦû˵
˲Զ۽Уڤأ޳ָһûһµš
Ȼҳа취ΣڼҲħڤһ¸֪ǸСѣ¾ڹҽ˵ס
ҳ˵֪꣬Ľɨȥ䵽ڼ£еƣ΢΢ЦţϴŪ˴ֵһλСѡ
˵ʱ΢һ¡
ԼԼСѡ̩ȻģҲֻ˰ɡ
ڼЦһɤỺ
ҳŵͷ
˽̸ڤۣ߰ţδֱӶԷѶǧĽⷨͷձƳҩ߲ҩԡ
һԵڼ⻰ҳ
ǧġĻδ䣬һɤ𣬡ȥ

ڤۺڼ뿪
ֻʣҳһڤۣάһ񾲵Ȼ̬֮¶ɡ
ڤ۵ҩԣ
ҳڤ۵ϴһ㡣
ζ
ǰٶŵĴҴһƳھգ̧âת
вȫ֮Ч
˵꣬ҳĬ
ڤжȱ֮ˣֻû뵽ڤڤе߲ݾȹЧ
֮ǰĴѰϧֲ鱦ȫĵҩһ߲ݱɽ
ڣ߲ѿήֻ˵һ컯Ūˡ
ţֻڤٿȻ
ҳ״ȥ
ڤۺ󷽣עǰ֮˵ӰһƬˮƵĳ⡣
ˮУӨӨԾӳ
ҳпȥ
ǧһؿʢ߲֮
һص߲ݡ
˵ĻϮͷ
ǧǰʧĶڴˣҳڶų̽ȴŶһ
㡣

ǧ߲ǰϵ
ǧ֮꾡߲ҩ
ˡ
ҳǰûӣоǧʱŰ߲Ҳһ
Ҳ롣
̽鵽߲ݵҩԺҳίʵһ
ҪĹֺֹһ߲ݿɴ󻺽ķաϧ鱦ȫ롢ҲƾžŰʮһգ߲ݲͬ
Ҫ߲ƣžŰʮһղ˵ҽһζҩɡ
ѹ˵߲е졣
Ҳȷֵô졣

Ǹ˹ˣҳҲδǣ߲Ȼή£Ψһһꡣ
˷ת֮ٶȷתҳڿһص߲ݲŻЩʧ
еĻʱǻز
þòڤֵҪ

߲ڶҳ˵붼ģȴһֿɵõĻᣬȻ
ʶͳһĻ
±ǳ費ڤйΪĽĸ߽ҽˣڶ仰ʱʧ˷ִ硣
ҳҪ
Ҫʲô
ͱһ߲סȫҳʲôʶʲôҪ
ݵľĬҳһǡ
ոڷʲô㶡
ҳ˵һ飺ڤۣҪ߲ݡ
ҽյӰ
ҳ˵꣬ͷȥ
Ц
ڤ۵Ǿ͸㡣

һڤջһ߲ݡ
еȴҳΪ䲹ȫĹȫͷ
ʱлЩӣΪ֮󼴽ͷۡ
ȥʱҳ鲻νãȻ󣬱˲ȵס
ڼˡ
***
ڤȥڼҲ
Сѻڵ鲻ã뿪ڤǰ˹ҽ
ȥ֮ԭΪܿһԭԼˣһ˲˸ա
ڼվλڹҽϣʮۡ
ܿдڲеĹע⵽
һǰǰڼ˴ǸʶĿĹޡ
ǰôˣ
ڼƫͷȥ۾΢΢Уתһ㿪ѯʣ֪ǰһǸСȥģ
߲ǻ᲻ŵԵˡ
´Լˣ
⻰һڼÿɷ
Լ˵ġ
ⷬĬϵı飬ڹʹЦ㱻Ÿˡ
ţֵǰŸߣž뿪ˡ
ڼ
ͬ鿴ֵ룬СӶ֣ȥˡ
֪ڼݣǲҳ˭˵⻰ʱ޸
ԣڼӦ뵽ʲôǣֻʵˣ
ܲǻħ硣
ԷȻӦǰڤ磬Ӧò;۷
Ҫ𻰣ﴦиߺ
ҽ˻ˣ
ǹޱڿο䣬ٿ¶ϲɫʹĿȫҲãת۹޾һţѽӻû𣡡

ҳ˼žá롯ݹ
סڼ
ֻǵһǰӭĹʱ°ٸн
ҽˣڻˣ
ҽˣпɻ˳
ҽˡ

ҳһһЦŻشǳοһĨůɫ
ôȣȥǿһڹĲ˵
ȫ
ҳ̾һɣһΪǿȥ
ʱֻ
ֻйҽˣƿЩߵϲŭ֣ȴҲ֮¡
ΪûйҽˣͱȱˣĻнա
ҳһ㿪ʼæµ
ڼ䶼Ⱥڼ˵һ䡣
Ҳûߣ䣻λãڵˡҳһۡ
ҽˣϴηùĵҩҵȷʵȹ˲٣Ϊǰ֡
һǰ˵Ų顣
ڼǽˣҲ࿴ΪڹεҳƳһЩޡ
ڤ״
һ˺ת

ȫɢȥǰ
лɢŨδɢȥҩ㣬ǳǳУеҳƲûߵڼЦſɫ¶ֶߣڼˡ
ҽҽġڼһ䡣
ҳЦЦ漴֪ʣ֪ҪҿǸСѣںδ
ʵһͣڼ˶ٲŵˡ
ˣҳͬš
ڼġ
ҳͷ
ڼʱҪ͹ҽΪһ
ҳá

ҳɫƽǡ
侲ѯϵͳûа취
˼ôãҳû뵽ʲôɽ¡
Բžϵͳ
ϣֵڶ

κҳλ
ڼҽҪȥģ
ҳһָ汻һȾ޴ڵסĵطȥҩ
˿̷һߣҩ
ڼ⣬ҳħйֲǼԭѴ䷽ʱֻΪСһǡ
ڼû뵽ҽģǾͶлҽˡ
˵գҳ˽ȥ

Ƭ̺ҳｻ㡣
Ļһ䣬ٿһ
ϵͳĻӦ
ҳӣһСѸתȥ
С
ֳ֧أޱ߼ʵʲôڼżڷŵ˼·ϡ
뷿С
ڼһ˽ȥ߿ڵҽˡ
һĨذӰں߶ţʱʱȡʲôӣӦЩʲôҩġ
ɹˣڼδʲôζ
ڼ̧ǰȥ
Ȼһ⴫һ춯бڤĴƵĹǳǳħƮ˽
ڼĶһ١

ҳ⾶ֱ롣
һڣͼȻתڼ䡣
ڼʣȥˣ
ҳšü㿴
Ŷڼɤҳ۴
ǹ˵ġ
СӶ֡
ҳ֪룬ڿ˿
ʱǹŵģɢ˸ɾĹޣʾŲͬ
ڼ棬ҽѾˡ
ţҳͷǺãЩκұȥˡ
ڼգ
ҳǣһЦ꣬
ĬЦΪգ䣬ڼƳһۣаɣҴȥ
ҳͣһ룬Լȥ
˵꣬ڼѾǰˡ
״ҳҲԼȥڼ䡣
ƹ󣬾Ϳھҩġҽ
ϵͳͶӰ

ҳѯϵͳĬȻòӦߡ
֪ϵͳһֶǰ״̬
ҳɫ֮ʡ
̵Ժ
ϵͳС

ϵͳķǣǰ¼ƺû棬̶ͶӰ
ʱûеԣ֪ЩϵͳͶӰκλɡ
ڡ
ҳƫͷȥڼԷδκ쳣
ƺǾ쵽ԼڼǳƳ
ڼԡҽ˵Сˡ
ϵͳл棬谴˳ͶӰǰͶӰеˣͷ
̬ȻͬҲɡ
Ͼ˿̵УκβͬѰ
еֻһϵͳͶӰ
ҳ룬ڼߣԼ
ΪСѲ˼֪ħй˽£ڼʮƽĵͷ¿Իҡ
ˣ֪ˣ߰ɡҳߴ
ڼʱƲ۽䵽ҽϡ
ԼͶӰ¶˸ЦЦԽӲ
ڼһЦȥ
û߳Զҳ⴫ڼ
μڤۡ


59 
ڼҳɤۡ
һ룬ǸüĽ͵̧ϵͳͶӰеԼ
ڤڼ¶ڵġ

ڤڼһЩ롣
гԳƵǼªҴһŨŨҩζڤ˳Ⱦ
ڼţּҽ档
ɲΪڤۻ˼˼˵ġ
ڼµһ˲΢䣬ǰȻڼ䣬˶٣Ҳȥ
ٶת󣬱ͲĿռЩӵζڼȥѾСѡ
һſĹϣ˫Ŀ΢ء
ڼˡҳͬڤֿڼĿⲻƲ˿̺͡躮ľ롣
״ξãԼé̫С
ֻڼ߽ЩִȥܿģһӰˡ
ڣڼֻһۺ㳷ˣֻҳѾʼơ
ջߺͷ
ҳ۽һڼϣ״˿
漴ֿеһˡ
öԷ˫ɫӳƺע⵽Сг齱Ųơ

»ᾡƳǧĽҩ
ҳɲǡֵı״Ѹٻָڤ۵Ŀ⼴䵽һʱٿس
߿΢̧̧򦣬һֻ޳ɫĿŶΡ
״ҳ糣
ûȥԷı飬ֻĿ΢ƫ˼磬䵽ڤ۵ϡ
һźɫӣ˵ı֮
ưɫˮƮ͸˿˿⡣
ڼֻۣϤǡ
͸صһȦ͸ɼ̺֮һĳء
ʢһ߲ݵĳأ˿̾ôıССĺɫװأҳ΢
Ϊڤһص߲ݸԼҪʱȥڤȡ
û롭
ҳһĬȻ
Ȼ֪ǰ߽߲ȫԼеԭһп
ڤ֮ӵڤڤ֮
ΪۣиôС

ҳе飬Ȼ޲ɫ¶ݣŴɤӻڣлڤۡ
ЩһѰ޸ȱĹǣ˺ȫȻԭ
ٲȱ֮ࡣ

ҳպá
ڼҽĻ£л
ͬǱĳص飬ʲôǲضʡ
ڼ仹δ֪߲֮ЧȻ䵽ҽеĶضдô
ҳ΢Цͷ
ڤâת
ڼҳ˻δӦʱӰʧ˴˴
ҳȷڤûзֹϵ״ƳƳϵͳͶӰӰЩ
δʶڷɨӦûзְɡ
ţҳڼڼ˿ɷȥȺƬ̡
˵Ʋˡ躮
ڼһۣЦһұȥš
кֻܿʣҳһˡ
Σ̧üࡣ
ιӦò״ˡҳԹԵϵͳ˵ȻУҲҪ鷢ǰͽ
ԡ½͡䡯һʿһ壬ƲĻᣬգҳס
һյľڸ߶Ƚţϵͳæοܾͱ¶ˣڤҽħ绤Ϊͬһˡ
ȥܽ½𾪡
ҳҲ밲ˢˡ
ĺ;¡
˼ˣҪȥ˼ʼڽħйĵҩƳ

ħħйС£ҳҪ볹װѷ첹ȫҲǼ򵥵ĵҩɵġ
Ҫģܹ֮ȫ֮࣬޶ȵĻָ
һԽ಻谭
ҳеģֻаħסѰܹķ
ҳдϵͳĸֵٷ㣬ʱֻҪǽвֺÿÿͬЧ
޲ĵҩ䷽˵ҳڰ⡢κսƳġ

ҩҪıҳҩ;УڼһΣɨһھ޴ҩǰĹҽٿɰŵġСѡ
ҳͣ˶
ɫľҩŨŨưţδεĵҩŲҩ嵭ɬζСռڡ
Լҩҳڼ𴽽¶һЦԳ˼Ʀ̬ԹǱоҩеһѲҩ
ҽҩķʽƺ̫һ
ڼĵҩʱҳ㣬ƵĲҩȫһԵĶҩС
𡣡ҳӦţذ׵̧ԵİϷŵļƿҺЮҩеȥ
Һһ룬ʱŨҩɢ
ڼٹۣʲô
תͷŷڵġˡ촽΢Ҫѯʳ

ڼţҳһĶá
ǰһ㣬пĶͣһ߶ڼҩʱ򣬲̫ϲԹۣڼˣ㡭
ԣڼͷƬ̺ȥ̬ʡ
ڤжԸŹ֮ˣڼƢҲ㲻úãȻЩǰ˲ͬ
ҽ⣬ˣǵų֮ˡ
ںҩʱϣڼԾʧʱˬúܡ
ֻʣΪΡ躮һֱûѡ
СѰ˯ŵģ
뵽˴ڼ뿪ĽŲ΢٣üҲ£һǳǳĹ֡
ʲô

뿪ҳü΢ɣżʼרҩ
ֱŵɬϢҩζЮǳǣҩںϳ߳ҩɢһӣҩ󿪡
ءҩɳҩһâ
ҳ̴ȡһƿǧٱݡ
ҩɣƿĵҩȡһתۻûɡ躮֮ºȥ
žͿȺڼ
***
ڼһֱδ뿪ʵҲ
һҳüңЦɺˣ
˵գڼɸһ䣺ҽı¿ǲС
ڤʮ
ʮ˭λҽӦ֮ܵһ
ҳ֪룬ʻֻᳶ˳Ǻˡ
̽ҳĲãڼƳ˭ǵˡ
⼸նڴ˴û˵ϡڼɨҳ۲飬Щԡ
ôһҳиڼĵҩʱ÷ɣЩ
תʱҳ̬ٻ仯ħʹ˳嶯ŭ
ת˲䣬ʮ߽ڹǱ۳͡
ɫǱɢɷ֮쳣ŨҵɱϢ
ҳֿǣзһĨɱĹâԴζЦ֣ʮ㹥ԡ
ȻҪ˦ȥһ˲
ҳֺضס˻ӱ޵Ķ
Լĵ̡
һ˦ȥʧҲԼ
һŭֻš

һƴģڼȻŵһСѳҲˣû뵽ͻȻͣ¡
龰ڼȥ
յڼͶĿ⣬ҳԷĵӹȥ
ڼһԼšħˡ
СǸ˿̺޲ðгÿˣһҪȡĳ嶯
ٿȻһӣ͸Ȼ֮Ϯϴԡ
ڼҳȻЦһ˫΢ٵĲ⣬ˮ
вҳתȥ
ڼʣȥģ
ˣȥ
ŵ͵ɤԶԶҳȻħȥԶˡ
ҳħ硣
ԣڼ̧Ҫϡ
Ҫתɲǣһ˽ס
ڼˣ


60 
һ̣ҳʱסҪϵڼ
£ڼתͻȻˣƺΪʲô˿Ҳż
ҳźۼƳһڼƺٸͽȻи⼸СƵҩ֮࣬ǧĽҩǱƳˣ֪ڤǷãڼ£ܷæȥڤ򡣡
ڼԣҽҪȥ
ҳ΢΢ͷǰǼλ֢֮ȱζҩǰȥѰˡ
˵ţ£е΢̧һɫСƿƻ棬ֳһССͼ
էһۿȥ㷭ں
ڼ˽ڤˡҳѶ˹ȥ
ڼӹϸϸۣǧĽҩ
ҳףǡ
ɫСƿڼУ˻Σҳ
ֻɫ糣һƽȻ
ڼãһȥڤ򡣡
ӦҳЦЦǾͶлڼˡ
ڼڤķȥҳлһĨǳǳЦ۵ס
ɹڼƹȥ
ҳҲ뿪ڤ硣

أǲŵѹɢȥҳ״θоǰδеɡ
ԴӵħڤԼɣͷ۴£ǽˡ
лˡҳأһ
ȷʵϵͳ˴æ
һ˵ҳ׼ħȥеɫʯԽжСһ
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ҳ
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ħ߾⣬ǴƬɫۣĤ֮е˸
ҳԴֱϴֱ̧˺һ̤ĺɫС
Ĥصħϻ̳ϿֵĿ뿪
λˡһħ
ǣÿθƽһĴβǺάãżգȻ
һԣΪȻǲˣ뿪ħաͲǺܺá
š¶⡣
ǺǺǡ
ħһһȻ֪ǿ֪֮ʱ۷վ

ҳڲԶ̸ħššüϵͳôͣôؽĤ
ͻȻϵͳżܸƤһ£·ҳϵͳ˵˲ٻ
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ҳ
ĬΣЦһС
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ϵͳϵͳҳüɲ˵ζܾϵͳ
ϵͳ
ҳͷ
ϵͳֲһ䡣
ϵͳϵͳв޶ܡ
ҳЦ˿˼άǶϵͳŵģʶԷܹȡ롣
͵͵һЦԭͷӶħһ㶣ˡ
¹򣬱۵ȴܷĵǸղĵӣȻۻˡ
ҳӸˣ´Σȥʮޡ
ǣħһڻعζֱӱӺ˲̱лˡ
û׷˵飬ҳߡһѵؽĤΣɲҪи

ҳ˵һߡ
ͽħ׷¶һӹһٵı顣
˭˵ϲŭ޳ģħ벻ƽٲȻǾñƭˣҲΪԼҪȥһˣʴȣ
ְ˾ɷŹ
ɼԲʵ
һ£ؽĤħʹʵӵ

ҳԴ˲֪飬뿪߾㾶ֱħħȥ
뿪գǱ߲֪ôˡ
ˮһ֮¾㷢˳ȸҲѽ£ÿЩߵ鴦øϻȥ
ħ
ǵһֻġ
ˣ⿴ҳСĴ
ҳƳƳͷȥ
л˵ҳ
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ҳħйһħ´󲿷˶֪֪£յʱͱסˡ
ħ˭ܹڴ£Ϊ٣ʵһǧ
Ψлһˡ
ħǿߣڷֻʵұе۷󣬰ͶԻˣȻҲԻķǳ
ħйһͳ˰ĵġ
Ŷ֮Դϲزסɫҳ´šһ󡢱ȥԽ
***
ҳ԰ںĽδţµٶ졣
˳ԶԶͿɿĽķȥ
˴ҳԽһ񣬲֪дʲô
˼룬߻ûзӦжһ˺󣬱пڣ²μ
˵꣬ҳһ
ħġ5Ǽ򵥵һ֣ȷʵ࣬ȴǲһġ
ͺñȴ˿̣ԽзģôôɵĽǰ⸱̬
üĿʵˣ壬΢΢
ҳĻԽ̧һ˫ɫͫӹ
飬ҳܿµȻ
˵ţӾ乴ϸУȡɫʯ
ʱҳͷһħĵҩֻ޸ĵҩƳһʱ£¶ڡ
ɫʯӨĹ⣬봫ͨɫħȻͬҫǳǳĲ⣬Ӿ֮ˮ
ôҳС
¶Ƥɾ𪣬ϸ⻬ƽɫʯǣֻĸĴиþͲö֪ˡ
ҳоʯɢ˿˿˹ͷƲ׵ˡ
Է΢˫ġ
ɫ¶ȣעӵĵطӲ˿˿

˳ɫʯԽС
ҳĥŸôԼҪħɡ
ϾħߵĻ˵ħȨ֮ǰҪʾǰһġ
ڴ֮ǰҳ뿪ɱѰܱϢʯΪЧ֮ȴǲá
ͳͻɤ𣬡к¡
ҳֹԽ˵ţü̺Ʋѹ
ǻħڴˣͱħ˿̵ס˵
ҳȻ˳ҲڣֱԵħ硣
Ȼ˵Խƺڵһɡ
ɡ
ȻҪתݣгȸӷҲˣ֮۵ʱƺײˡ
˼ˣҳԾü
ʱ״һųߡ
ȥɡ
ԽĻظ
ǰߴӦҳǰʱһǲ١
һ룬⴦ʾŵĽٿȻ
6ɫСС
ˡ1

ԽĽɡ1ķȵҳȻϰߡ
ҲǶڤǡ2С
š
ҳǰұ뿪ħ磬ߺúôţ±㴫ҡ
ĩˣһ䣬˵ЩǵãлһҪ˵ꡣ
ĶæӦȻʲôԣǣ
ҳϸ飬Ӧȥˣͷ
аħߣʱʲôҲܵһʱ֪Ҳ㰲׵
ҳ룬ǵǵȥ˵һ
ǱѾãþϻأȥһҽˡ
Եӣǰҽ
ҳͷá
ĿͰ⳯ҽȥԭվ˻ᣬ㲻ٶħ߾ȥ

ħ硣
ҳٳߞɽǸϣˮһֱڴ˴δж
ȥʱͬˮطϵյɽǡ߾ͳˡ
ˮĹˡʮֽӣҳɫ΢
Ȼ˵ÿ׼
һ£֮󲻾ãĳȫʼɢ޴ͷϲ顣
ɽѲķΧڡ

ҳͲµˡ
²ûô򵥡
ںǳʱЩɢͱ˵ĳ棬ԼеһΥͣ޶
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Ҳһ
ֻһн赶ɱˡ
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ҳһ룬뵽ˡ赶ɱˡϡ
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ˮѹڴ˵ضضգҲδȸǵϢ
Ȼ޷ȷ϶Էľλãˮ뿪Ƕලˡ
ҳס
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ȻЩҲȫĲ²ˡ
ڴ˵ؼšҳ
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ڶڴ˸תҲأ±Щɢ޷֣˺ڹ
ˮһһֵ
Ѿм·ǵޱץסˡ

ץޣԽɢǹѺأƱҪҳɱ˵ס
ҳˮֿ󣬱㻻ȥ
ڳǵģҪϸˣҳﲢûжô̡⣬ĵӣҲû˸
򵥵ĵǼڲҳ˺ǡ
Ǻҳֱȥ
ƺĴǶн£ֹʿС
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ҳƵƽջһֱվöδóʲô֣ת
Ҳ֪ԼΪˣֱ
еĴ·벻ǡ
ȻȻƽջͲд
Ҳ˵һδŪ׵ĺأ߾Ҫںʲô
ҳ߳ƽջһ·ʱͻȻ˽ס
½
٣½½
ҳͣ¶
һתͷֻŴ󲽳ʵд˵Ӣ
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Ҫҳڵ䣬ܿͺˣֵֻһ䣬⼸ȥˣô˺ǣ
˵۵ʼ½ΪĵӣӦôڳ
ҳضš
Ȼ׼ڵɲǣֽǴһˡ
ĺػˡ

˴ƽջԶҳ²ĺؾǻƽջġ
ͶŴкæǽȥ
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ҳһסһڴ˸ƣü۶Źδɢ
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˼ˣҳǸȻһЦ۵οһȦɫˮ⣬ɷ޹
ŹȻգգ۾
ҳŷϵֻ֣Ҳȥ㳯ֽ̽ͷȥ
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ҳ׼ĺطûм˵ģôƽջǲǺȻйء
ǡڴʱԽ߳һˡ
Űɫ꣬ɫ󻹸żˣƽջȥ
Ȼҳĵ
Ȼһ˼˭
ҳŵʻȻ߻һˣȱ˵
ֻźȻǲ΢ɽ𣿡
ָŶԽֵһ˵Ȼ
΢ɽˣҳɻ
ż棬ҳ˫ĳγӣ뵽ղԼԷǸסæ׿
ͬصǸɢޡ

ż򵥵һ仰˵ص㡣
ҳҪܣæϣȻ˵
ܵ͡
ǳģֻľګĵͷȫȻһҳ˵ʲôʲô״̬
Էôʵ˵ʲô
ҳЦЦ¿Ǳߡ
ȻѾ΢ɽƽջ
һ˵ıӰʧҳջĿ⡣
תͷͿŶԼ
ʻһĨҳע⣬˶ٺȥƽջдġ


61 
ҳźۼɨһԵĶţ߶Դ˺
Ҳǡ
ҳҲݣҲѾ̲Ѫ֮Ϣ˴롣

лʲô
ҳ뵽˳ȸ
룬˴Ǿ֮أԻиڳûпԸ̽Ļᡣ
߰ɡҳ
űл񣬡ߡˣ
ҳӦš
˶ӣ䲻֪Ĵ㣬ȴҲһ㣬ŵͷá
ҳҪ˵Ȼس߸һ϶ŵĿʱƲͷ
״ҳѵ˼̧ƿ˵شһֵ߽ȥߺಽظ
ҳã˵ıӰ𽥽֮͵Լǡ࡯ʱദϡ
˭ཻԷƺˡ
˭ܹ˾һ㣬ͬʱڡ½ǰΪƭȣʱܻЩŤ
ҳҲĲڣûпָ
ֱóʱȿڣס½ѡ

Ϳ˵Щʲô
ϴζԷҳͿлҪ˵˭֪ĽݻҲʱʹ˴˽̸
ҳͣ£
ԥţβֱҳ˶Ǽġ
ʲôҳ⣬д˼ɻӹȥ
䡮Ǽġҳ²һ١
ʲô˼
ҳиðһͷ˿Ҿǡ࡯
Ҫ̹ס
ȻѾµҳһ𾪵ģ㡢
żҲȥˣֱӽǰʱʱҵľƣ͵͵ܳȥ˭֪վ͸պ㡭
ҳ΢ת뿪ڡ
ŽĲ䣬㻹Ǳйպ˵£Һȶˡ
Ŀע£
Ĭһ˲ҳǲѯʣ˵
ͣټ룬ͷܡ
ҳûټ룬´ΣǻһȾ𣿡
ֻжĹӵݣĪֱ˲ܺ͡½Ľʶ
ֻڵʱϦ¶ջƼˮꡢʳΪĽѡ
ҳСĵʻŪ׹
ȾƣֻǺȾƣҳЦ£ڶƶӹĿͷȻԡ
***
ҳ붫Яĳ
Ϊ֮ǰôõ˵ָֻɵϦ¶ջʱǸʺˬɢɡ
㣡ͬҳֿ֮ʣһȥԶԶǰ߻֡
ҳҲһ֡
ߵǰסԺʱڵԺʹڣûи
ȫͣˣ׷׻½ʦ֡
½ʦֻˡ
½ʦˡ
ҳ˽ȥһһк
½ʦ֣ȥģҳǰ
ȥһ˸Ƴǡҳڵ
Ƴǣڣĵرȥ޷ҪʲôõĶ
ԣͷҲûٸʵס
ҳִŵĳ˼ŴҴһƳµĽУ⽣ʽʮ
һԵļӱѾȻشˡ
⽣ʽĵʮ½ʦ˵ò
½ʦ֣ãһתֵĶҲҪô죿
˵꣬мӸͣ½Ҳе½ʦܲܽ̽ǣ
վҳǰ۰Ͱ͵¶飬ȻҲѧѧ
һڳڵΧм䣬ҳ΢Цŵͷá

СԺУˡ
ڶ೯ڵȫ۵һѵõӵ˻վԺΧһЩվǽǣеĸǽϣȫĿƵĿԺеǵɫΡ
ҳִνѵõ࣬һʦֵǰº񣬳ԳС
νӨӨɫ㣬ԼԼвηĺС
ɰˮŮ޵⽣ʽʺŮϰǲ׽ʽȻȴҲҳҪΪʾʱ׷ǰ
ǰҲѧ
ϧƽʽ޵ϰ
̫ϧˣҲһˮ޲Ҳϰ

ƽʽ˵Ƚ͵ĽУ̺ǿڽзʱɽӡ
ҲĶࡣ
Ůһһţ˵ͷʱһϮͣ»ͷԺпȥ
ֻԭͦŵӰ˿һϮȻνбݽ⻮ƿһɲСƣʱɨѹǲϺˡ
ҳһӳ΢һȻ˫ˮһˡ
ƽʽʮ
żȫϢȥ
ͼԭܵĽʽ͵طı䣬ҳԭٻӽĶٿȻһתƺżᣬȻͷųѹȴǲ
ˮĻӽɱ
˶һˣҳԼĽ淶Χ˽磬ҲǺ֡
һȺ𾪡У͵ؽߡ
ƽʽõ˼¡
ҫ۴ĿĺȻǿ£Ҳ׷׵ɴۿ
ҳסԺӣ顣
ã֪˭Ⱥһ
Ժкá

ǿɿˣ
ҳִҡҡ׹Ľڴ˿ȫȻ飬ЩɹĽ߳ʱʡ
ʱ˿̣ҳϰûзʱ
ˣ½ʦָոտ
½ʦˣƽʽ𣿡һ˺Ҵ
һ⻰ҳ֪ˣͷЦЦǿЩ˼
̧ʱʦǽ͡
ƽʽ඼ǿƵĽΪҳὣûһһʽ⿪ʮͬ
ٶһʾ
ǿƷǳĽƺתֵɲǼ·Ļʽ
Ҫջءҳν͵
ʵ˸յĵֻͬҪõõɡ
ƶǶҳƲۡ
ҳһЦǰҵʾһͶˡ
˵˵õʵϡ
ͷ׼밴˵һһͷǣ½ʦ֡
ҳЦЦüĿͣЦձ¶ǳǳСѣĪ˼
ϡ
ҳķȻշ磬ҲܹӦʮҲðͷ
ѧˣ

ʱԺЦ
ҳһαڵΧס
һ۾ĿҲѧˣ
½ʦֵķȻã
˵½ʦһа취üëмƺͽϼ¼Ĳ̫һ֪ǲҵĴ
һ˵꣬мҲͷǣҲио
ԣҲоˡ˵ЪĿҳһۣ½ʦ־ɣ½ʦֻеֺá
ҳȻɣǶ˵ͷȷʵһ
һãȻ
ʮҸһ£ҳ˶ٺȽ˳֡
һٶȽĿ⿴
ôߣҳԭȻıǳЩܲûнϵĺá
ϾдƽʽĴܡɲһССԪӤʿܱȵġ
æ֣ҲŲͬ˵
ֻԶһǳɤ½ֺԷƱ
ҳ̧Ŀȥ
ͼǰŰɫ۵ĽݻѵõĻ磬ָ̧ڷϴıɫ˿˵Ϊ½ֺܺá


62 
֮ôˡҳǰĽݻһʡ
һĳλʦֵҲҲΪܺã
ʦĽȷʵΪˣرǼ˵Ϊ棬ĩ˼̾½ʦ־иƽУ
Ҳ̫ǿˣ
мһ˵˲žҳȻ⺷Ҳ˵˽ǰΡƺΡֻǸڽв𿪸ĻѾǳ롢Ҳˡ
һεĿȻҪȸղŸΪǿҡ
˲̾Ƕ̾
ҳҲܲסôΧһٿ䣬ͷ˿һԵĽݻ
Ƽ˵ԺһǣЦߣЩ԰׵״μȾ˵ѪɫԳ־
ҳһЦ㿴Ժ⣬һߴӢͦɫڷŹ⣬°ϻŵҲڴ˿תķɡ
Ƕɡ

ҳԭɣڶĽݻʱҲѭߣ󷽿ȥ붫ײ˸š

ע⵽ԺжҳˣһڳڵҲɢЩ
ǱƲȥǻһ˲δҳ½ʦ֣ŵĽУϿˣ
ԣҳ
Ҫ֪һˡ
֮༸Ҳ½ʦ̫ˣ֪㡣
ҳ´û뵽Щ
һ׹½ʦ㲻ûиϰɣ
飬Ӧһʱͬ˵ýϿ佱һ
½ʦ֡
˶뵽㣬׷ҳ˵¡
ǡʱȻԺڡ
˶߿ڳһλã½ʦǲţԶ¿ʼ
ҳƹĽֲɹ䣬ʮֲһ
˳֮࣬ƺʹҲǿ࣬ղҲȫǹάʵ̾

ӡҳòĶ˵ͷֿĽݻȥ
˵ƽͬ˵ĸǿĸ
Ľݻ˵꣬ЦЦһۡ
һ䣬á
䣬ҳŶ˸ơ
ֻڳȥʱҳĽݻκұȽ硣
ԣҳһ
ʧЦǣˡ

Ľݻ붫ɲ죬ҲĽͬһڼûн
ͬģҳͶֻ֮ԵϤҲ֪˾ΪΡ
ҳΪ˸һ裬롣
˼л䣬ҳ֪кҪ£
˵ĽǴܡҳ֮оʲôֵöԹ
ɵĿɨһԶĽݻҲƳ
ҳû˵˴˿ͬʱҲίʵǸ˵µʱ
ֻǿĽݻһۣͣٵҳ½ѡ
ҳףлֱ˵
򦣬ưȴʱ˼֣ҷʱ˰š
Ӻ⣿ҳ΢΢šü
ǺͶ˵ʲô
鲻ԣ̵ϷɼûôŽŵ˵ȥƽջ
ҳע⵽ƽջһڰĽݻԶ˶١
ǡûзϣԶɵ˵ͷ
ɼͷĬһ˲ֵǻʲô
ҳ֪ʲôûĻȥ
ǡƽջ
ǿջ⣬⡣

кȻĬ
ҳӣ²ֱ˵
óɺƲûҪܿĽݻ˼
Ҳ˵»Ҳйء
һֻأأָڿʼн㣬ʹžķڶһ
ɣε޺һ£½Ѿ֪
ҳӦǡ
ش𣬶ɲٿҳתĽݻĽݹӡ
Ľݻ΢ƫͷӡ
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ɵҵ˴΢ɽѾɢ޲鵽ŷϡ
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ң

ҳȫû뵽ɴϢ֪ģٽϵҲˡ
ڸһ֮µģȻı
δ
ȥ룬ûܽһ塢ĺҡԼֽ񼴽Σŷϵ
ͬΪ˵ĶɺĽݻܹҲ޿ɺǡ
ѹֶɲܻߡ
УһǶҵڶ̳ˣһĽһμǲñܻ䡣
ҳͨ㣬ԶЦЦΪ˵
ֻΪȥһƽջҲȫǣ°ɡ
˵꣬ͣƬ̣Ҳ²⣬ĻҪһ򾡡
ҳ˵ţӦ
ȻʱһֱδĽݻҲԤı
ȷʵԤı
ϵĺٵŷ
ĽݺͶ
ҳţҲΪͰѡ
ҳ
һ帲𣬶Ҳı¡
˵ɵ߷Щȡ
ֳܴʹڵζҳ͡

ѵм䣬Σѵġҳ¡
ȻһͲµ˿ҳҲΪ̸е棬ǰδеǿҡ
Ǳ£Ϊλٶȱץȥ
ҳ벻ͨһ㡣
⣬Բš
⡣
ǾֻС

ҳǿѹڵĺ棬Զɵӵ˼Ͳ֣Ҷڡ
˵ţ˶٣ĿΪ˰һ򾡡
ȻЩΣЩ붼ʵʵӽġ
ӿлɵѡȻµҳӦ˲ѡġ
˵⣬Ľݻ̧ƳƳɣһۡ
ɵС
ҳɻ
ĺӡһһ䣬Ȼ
ȻνǰԼڵϣɺĽݻ뵽ͷϣҳûие졣
ε¼Ҳҳʡ
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ܹһֽϦ¶ջһֱĻĺҸѸŻļƲν
ȻΪȻɵĶҲ޿ɺǡ
***
ߺҳ˼
ҺĽѾɣˣȻҪȻҴ̨
뵽ҲֹϦ¶ջǸɢޡ
ҳӶ֪Ǹ΢ɽɢеĴܣľ߻Ȩں١ȶɢ޿˵׾١
΢ɽڴ˴¼ӦҲ١
ԣӦҲȻֵµˡ
ҳǰ뵽ѳȸǹʹġ
ҲȻˡ
Ӧǰ֪̽ɽһ£漴һ㣬ں۵֮ʿʼ·ִ߸ŷҡ
ʱɿһŷұʹ˲ڡ
һңʣҺĽң֮㣬ױȡ֮
ҳһڵϵͳͨ
ϵͳһĬȻ
ϵͳҪģԽǿӦҪǡ
ͻļҳٿؾЦ
ȷʵҳ˵ǲ̵ֶֻΣ
ϵͳΪˡ
ҳԺĵ̡ˣ̾Ͷ·ˡ
˵գҳϵͳǰ˳˶ĺɫŸǰ˰ּղŵĻ⣬еûӡ

ҳǾ仰ϵͳ̵ͣ
ϵͳ
ҳֳһʺţЦһ
ȻĿ꣬ǰȫҳͬ¶̫졣
ľͰԼŵϣȻȻϦ¶ջϻɢ޿ãӦûҪӦԵģҡ
ҵĸô׺ġ
ǣȻܹĺ̰еǴݻһ塣
ġԼ֮
ͬʱȻ˸֣ｫ¶ĺʳԼƲɾ󣬸ǡ
κη棬һж޷졣
ôеҪŷҲ⵹ҳһ
ѵûǹ֣ҳһ
ôİԼڵҶ棬ֱӶϡ
Ѿô꣬ݷڳ֮á
ΪҪһʱ
ңûв´ȸ˿ҲѾע⵽Ȼ
ƽջԷ
ȻԼҲû뵽ôڡ
뵽ȸԣҳ
ֻôһȻƿǡ

򵥵Ľ˼·һ飬ҳڵܽޡȥ
Ӻ뿪ƺΪˡ
˼ˣҳǼ⣬ٶҲӿЩ
ܽޡ
ҳʱ򣬾ͿĻͯ
߼Ժ⣬½ʦֻˣ
ˣҳȥʦܣʦ棿
ָָͯ棬Ͼڼ䡣
˵ֿ꣬ҳ½ʦֿǱסˣô
ҳһ٣ͯŵѾʦ˵½ʦֽϰһ¡
ԣҳһ
ǲ֪Լسûܽޡԡ
ҳ֪ˣлʦܡ
˵գŻָͯǼ䷿ȥ
нʱҳǸԼҲԽԽģʾš35ĽĪЩ顣
ոջʱԼǴ⡣
ûʦֵܣҺĽݻͶˡ
ߴϢ˺һ
ˣȷʵͽܵĲǣôŹ

ҳűߣû֮ǰֱ˽ȥ
ʦ𡣡溰һ
Ĭһ룬Ҫٻһ潭

ҳûٵȣ򿪷źȥ
ŵľ㣬ıǶˣǳζ
ʦ𣬵ӻˡҳߵڼ䡣
ֻߣڿ΢΢׵ģɷϤ
һǼչʳǰ߱˵
͡
ĵһ̧Ŀ
ҳ˫Ŀϣɨֻˡ
ǡҳͷ
Σ
û׷Ϊ
ҳ´򽭽ӻʱδйʦǵӲԡ
½ʹӼ˿֪żСͽͻȻ̹ףЦ£֡
ҳһʦ𡣡
ССһǲں³ģЩ㣬ЩŴ֮С
Ϊʦ
ҳ߽վ˽ǰ
ΪǶϣҳ΢ͷġ
⻹ҳһĿעӽ
ڴ˿󣬻εûݡ
ҳΪҪ˵ʲôû뵽
ż˵ƽʽеĵʮΪʦ˵

һĵܹԸĽУ͵ȲԼʦ𣬲Ѱ佱ˡ
ƫƫҳͬ
Ϊʦ𣬽ط֪Щ
ǲᣬҲ֪
ҳΪС²ʦ𡢡
Ļδ¡
ϵӱ˹סҳǰ˴ûзı뽭һЩľ롣
̾
״ҳ˶Ҫ°ѻ˵һ顣
ȻٿڣѾ˵£ΪʦԣС¡
ҳ
Ѿ֪ڼΣڽĻˡ
ÿһеĸдҪؼ֡
ʦ𡭡
ڤڤ֮У˼ˡ
ҳ۽ޡ
˵̧ձһ󣬶ᡣ
Ҳǡ
ҳȻĶŪһ١
漴ۿȥ
̶ʣ


63 
ҳĬĬ˵ֻ΢ָỬȥǺܶ
ǰЩǳԵΪѰĳʳʹǱٹѾõҳҲЩ
ʶ仰˵üΪ
˵䣬ҳ㽫ֱˣ˳ŨܵĽëס˫峺ɾӣʱգ£˲
һ̣ǰỺſڣ벻Ե㣿
ҳһ۽΢ţͿ´Ŀ˵Ц⡣
ͬëˮʱ˿˿ǳǳһȦȦ⡣
ţҳӦлʦ𡣡

ֱߣǰ˸ˮůʹļ⣬ҳһܽظ⡣
ûеһʱУ̧ӣšϸϸۿĽСʦ𡣡
ν߲δ϶ͣҳһỽ΢̧׿£
ҳۿ˿ָסܽظ⣬һʦҪһЩ
˵罭ܣͽڸ֮ȥˣǽޣǽؼЩֲƳɵĸ㲻˿ʣ仹̲ŲǶá
Ȼҳ⻰ʱעƽ͡
ΣֻڣϲģΪʦҲ㳢
һϣҳٿظеһա
Ŀ֮һֻ޳˹ָŵܽظ˹ȥྻָŴǸཻһ
ҳ䵽ϻѷŵĸϣ

ܽޡ߽ҳ̤ҹɫ뿪㾶ֱƽջķȥͼ
ȻòײȸϢɲܷˡ
Ϊ߶ϣҳĻݡ
䡯ΪͣڽֵҲ׽˷֡
ο
ҳʱ̽ϢʯϣⱩ¶йһ˿Ϣ
ƽջԶϴεɱ¼Ľֵʿ࣬ҳεӰֻЩֻۣΡ
ƽջʱǰһ
ʱֺͶһҳͬ׽һ˿ǳǳѪ֮
ȸ
Ȼ
ҳѭ˿Ϣȥȷƽջ
ǰ䲻СĿջҳվڶԽһ룬ֱ˳ųȸϢջ
ǡ

ҳԳ̧ʳָڿ⻬¡
˲䣬һƼΪϸСС
ŶĿջҳۣ漴ָһɡ
˳ƽջȥ
ֻҪΪ߹ҳߣͲ˿лϢʯڡ
ȸ
ţȸһ

ҳѰ˸ΪελվҰϵϢɾ
ĽǶȣɿƽջһǣҲܹƽջеĳȸǷ
ʱһһȥҳǵڶβ׽˿Ϣȷǳȸֻܵűǡ
ִƬ̡
ҳƽջĿͣȻһֱ󰵺쳤۵߳
ȸúÿֻüʱʱһӳұ˼ζ֮ԶӣҲ񼣰߰ߡԶ
ɢ͸ŹɰԵרᡣ
ԶԶţҳƳȥһۣͱȸ쵽͵߹
״ҳȥ
ںǲϤ΢α㻯һݹ⳯žķȥԶˡ
һֱӣҳȸڸ
ͺãٶ졣
ԺǴ˿ֵ̽˷״

ǰʱǰӹһɫ⡣
û˽һҳܲԷģʹ˱ͣ
ͼȸȻȥ·Լ
߲͵Цǰ֮˿й
Цҳȸץˡ

ȸɤһζڲµģ˿˿⡣
Ц£ǹһӵĻȣתͬʱڡ
һһħૣ͡˼ĶζС󣬸ڱǰ
ȸĻδ£һܳڴ˵ˡ
СꣿȸĻһתβ΢㵡
ҳ䵭˪ѩߞ۳ͣ湻ˣ͸ûȥˡ
ⷬȸɫû䣬˷ܣ´ҳϵߞҪ򣿡
ˡ
ȸεԾԾԡ
һϲġ
ҳʵǲͣߞĸȫԸǳȸҲֲ˺õġ
ⲻϵĴӽɢҳת
֪ҳϴȸǰһɫӷŹ⣬ͬʱҲת
ɲǣҳһѾ̹
ԧĽХ쳹һƬԴݿ֮ϯȸǰ
ȸ˷ܵĹۣС
һ£ҳֽлƳգһ
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ҳӽ񵲣ӳʮעߞ
״ȸһ
ȻǡڴʱĳΪ׳ۡ

˲ˣȸ˵
ҳһƫ˼ȸ״ȥʵʵ¡
ͼɨ֮ǻľ֮ϣȸվǰЩ˿ųȸķ򳯰ݡ
ⷬ龰ίʵЩ
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Щ˳ȸһ˿ΪŶ˵Ľ֣Ǹо˺ߵϢ
㣬˰ݵĳ档
ȸƳƳȺ񣬱ŭŭתΪΣһû湻ء
ҳڻش𷽲ŵ⡣
ҳû
ҳԼȸתǰûζı飬Ȼָ̧̧֣ſһҳɨĵط
ˡȸ˵ţɤԵԣίͰ͵ġ
ҳĿбӡ
ȸһת׵ⱻڵüãС꣬ٸҼ죬ͬȥ
ȲΪΣôٴȥ˭ֲ˺ãȸ־ڴˡ
ԣҳ΢üҡ
ȸԸȥȻǺõġ
£ҳͬȸ飬ʵգ

߻֮δףڴ˶δɡ
ȻڶԸҵͬʱѰǰˮӳ
ҳ²ⶫ˵Ȼʱ򣬻ҲΪ̽һ㣬Żһ˿Ȼͷϡ
ҽӶĵ̨뵽ҪԸңȻĺҺҡһϦ¶ջĻ֮ˣǡÿ뵽Ϊ
֮ɵ鵽ĽݻΪɢ޴ܵ΢ɽ˺Ȼϵǳ͸ܹȷˡ
ӶɽյĻҳ϶϶˾ȻΪ
һ
ڶɿҳڶαץߣͬʱ鵽ڴ֮Ȼ˽һֱҡҳʼĺ֣֮Ȼ˾١òжΪҳš

ҳǲὫҳϢԸ֪䣬ǶԷԸ͸¶Żһ
ֻǻ迴ԸΡ
ڼǳȸҪڴ˵ضҲǡ⡣
ʮգȸ˵˸ӣ漴ָĿڵվͿɣգ
ҳƳ
վ͹ˡȸۡ
ϺҳӹͻȻ𴽣ǰߵСңͬһ׮ȤΣ
ȸЦԵЩкһ
֪䡯ƢԣҲĻش𣬳ȸԹ˵ȥ
˵ģþǾɱһ¡

󣬳ȸ°ȻЦ£ǸȤˡ
һ룬ĿתΪ䣬˿˿}˵Ѫ֮ӿ
ֻȸȻԱͷ£Ҫסˡ
ҲȻײ˳ȸ
ҳԴ˺ȤͲµ˵¡
ȸ˵꣬գ۾ɫ˫ͫŽâСһ
ȥҳĮȻһۣء
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ֻ΢һ⣬˺ϱľȻأһ
ҳǣǣǣɨһۣڳȸѯΪκȻǰڣٽһΣβˡ
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Ȼĳȸȴ˶Ͽüͷһ塣
˭˲֪ȸǱǼΪβԭΪÿĲλ
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***
ҳóȸûޣʰʰ󣬻뿪ǣתɡ䡯ҵˮ
߽ӵϢͬš
ɽϡ
ô˻ң
ˮɽһֱαװһͨĵͽʿÿվǳԳ˯˯ӹñʱã˴
˸ǷҳֻƲƲҵȸˡ
ˮȻ𾪣˯ɢˣǳȸ
ҳںǣպһһ뿪硣
ʱ۷磬ӦҲˡ
Ϊգˮһ䣬ָĿڻ˸⣬Ǵ˿вȸΪܹҵ׷٣ϵĽơ
ˮʣҳٿüͷ
ˮɿˣ
ҳĬĬûС
ղʳȸˡ
֪ѰķϵĽƽ⿪ˡ
ǳȸ⿪ġˮ¶˼
ҳҲû뵽㡣
ΪγȸͻȻ⿪ǳǰ⣬׷Ϣ
ȷʵǸʣֻõ´οȸʡ
ţҳϵͳһʾ
ǰصһ档
Ƿ


64 
һ
ҳǵһأƵʱ˵һҲеˡ
ҳҲȷʵ𾪡
ں档
һ˭
ҳͶԼ˵ˮϡ

ҳȻһ̽ĿעӣˮʶһԼװǷﲻס
ڶڡ䡯⿴飬һôˡ
ˮ˫ʱ̶ž۾ҳŲӣ漴תϵͳʾġ̡һ㡣
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һһͨһͷһںȹ⣬Ҳ֪ʲôơǰŵ΢ں֮Увð󵭵ɬζƿ࣬һɾҺ
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һ¶ǣҳδʲôԣ˵һ䡣
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Ƶĺˡ
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ڴʱŲȥġųȥľҲڡ
ҳԣһ˲ֲû
Ȼһ룬ŵЩ꣬ײ羹ĲҼҷ˵꣡
ҪֹѾҳͬʱҲϢľһ¾˴롣
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̼ǵãڳ֮µһȷʵˡ
ҳĸĸ
û뵽ǱɾˣȥƳ֮ࡣ
Ȼ
ҳδӦֻŽſڣҲͨһƬһʼΪˣû뵽ײô꣬ҲүүӦö֪
µɲǣšءһ졣
ҳԹ˲ϾֻߣһƬң֪ǱϢģƵĺ󾢡
Ʈ·ᵽҲܼ⣬ҳֻζ̫Ũҡķվ𣬻˻ԴһҡسŴȥ
ҳλߵߣǰƳӰȥ˸ա
˶٣ҳǰ˴ء
򿪣ҹϮĿ⣬˿ȴܻҳİѣǼز١
ĸоϯͷ
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Ϊ˵ԭ򣬷ڵľء
ǡͯԣ뷿ĶܼҲ˻ԴĶţӣ
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⡭ͯЩԥƴ֮ϡ˯ҳ
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Сͽܵı黹Щ㱣ػʱҲƳһ룬ŵ¶
вʣ߽ˣǲҳҡ
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ǰ֮ˡ
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65 
ĺػָͷֻҳһš
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ҳĿ䵽ϣͬص㡣
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ĺضһЦб֮ɫ
ԭĺء
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ĺѺԼǸ
֮躮Ǳĺңʱúڻĺ׷飬һѪҺ
ҲһѪҺڤȡڤʯ󡢸Խ뿪ʱ۷´򿪽ڴһ˵ꡣ
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īɫ˫ӹ˫ֺʮ½ʩ
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䲻ĺΪдԣҳ۷ȥҲѲ˶󹦷
߳һκʹسɴ硣
գ۱㵽
ҳȥʱǡӵܣͬĽݻסĵط󣬶Լ˵ͷòл
˵գ˳һ˵ķȥ
ҳյԺ⣬һϮĽݻűߡ
ĽݻЦ
ջк½Ҫԭ½ҪĽݻɤЦεȹˡ
ԣҳ̲סҲЦһ֮
Ľݻһóλãͬȥ
ȷʵ˵ĵطҳҲ˷䡣
ֻǸһڣֱӿڵ֮ҷżһˡ
Ľݻ½Ųƫͷ
ĺأҳոڳſⷢһһĩ˲е㲻ԡ
Ѿ˵Ҳᶮ˵Щ̫һĺ֪Լʲô
ڣҳ˵ͿʼһĬ
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ϣҳĽݻһ˲󣬶֮ͻȻЦ˳
ҳһЦ۾΢΢Ľݻ
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ٽ˿˵ҳĽݻ˵ʱʼʾߵһλ
½֣Ľݻüһ
ΪˣҳĴδĺصŽĽݻĿ࿴Ҳʹýֳʼ10״
ȫԵɵġ

Ľݻ᲻ϲĺأҳҲܴӺʼΪɲ³֡
˽⵽ЩͿƲ⵽ĺҲȫȻĽĽݻ
˵ǲԵҺܱɡﲻһĽݻȻ
رʳĻҳ֮ͣ˵Լ
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ˡ

԰Ρ
ҳĽݻһЦԷڡ
½ཻǻ֮ҡĽݻһһ䣬˵ż֣ص
ͬʱҳע⵽ĽݻĽһ¾ʹӡ15һԾˡ30
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֪ҳѣĽݻЦţûκѪɫһע⡣
ҳ֪֢֮ͬ˵䣬Ҿһ
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ۡ
ҳھĺ棬ֱ˰º󷽵Ժȥ;пǵСɳ־㶼ǰͬ˼
ҪߵһǼʱҳԶԶԶ
ҳʣǰǣ
һͷǡ
֮УԼԼ͸Źɹ⣬Īɡ
ĵҳ˱ۣһƬС
Ǿʦ˵ߴ۸֮ˡ

ҳϸš
ͬʱ̾Ȼһ룬ٿȻӡ
Щоǲǡ
гȡ
뵽⣬ҳıһ
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á
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ҳȻܿĳռһʱûܷʦĶ˿
˭˭
ˡҳо
š
ƿɫš


66 
õò
ڱƿɲǣĳչɡ
Ұʵǣڡ
һȫ֮ϣһһɫƤľ飬ĿרעĿţвૡ
Ǳǻ״̬˿ƻܿǳķ֣ѻ嶼յǳ˼֡
ҳעһĻһ۱ע⵽˶ˡ
ǡҳ
ͼһҲ÷𾭣оģűñ鲼˺۵ͬɢΣϡɿµݡ
ԼԷǹº͵ŵʣŨ֮ࡢһˮת

򿪵춯δŵǡ
ĵδЪ
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ҳǴȻܿͶһ˫峺͸
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ƺû뵽ҳ΢ȣ漴ֶ¶һɾЦ
״ҳһЦ
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ҳԤУҲԷἰ֪ģΪλᱻ´ߡꡣ
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67 
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68 
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70 
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ͬһʱ䣬ҳҲȸߵĽ˵Ǿ仰ˡ10
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71 
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ǡڸ̨ռȥҳ߳䳡
֮Ľݻǰ棬ҳһκס
ʱѾ߳پ룬˶䳡νˡ
Ľݻת½֡
ҳ
һЦڱллˡ
ҳʳĽݻȻڣüĿеȻ̬֪֮ûǰõһ£Ѿ˽
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Ľݻɫ΢䣬ĽݸҲС
ԣҳȻĽݻ
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Ľݻǣ֪ǲڰǰƽջģ֯ˡ
ʱ˵΢ɽȥƽջǰܲһû뵽
ϴζĽݻЩ飬Ծ֡
û뵽ô˾ǡò׽ƽջ
֪Ӻζ˭ҲѰڡ
ֻѣԲŲܾʹ˸Ƕ
ҳĬĬ˵꣬ɫأȴʱ˵һ䣺үڰ㡣
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Ȼ⵽ƽջҲҳ뵽˳ȸʲôؼ
ǡ
ҳкʲôǡ
ĽݻӦڶҡ
ĽûпޣǱص˶С
ҪҪ߶ҳ˵һ룬˿
һֳɤˡ
ɵӰСһͷ˹
ҳȥĽݻ
Ӧ;쵽ˣ⡣
ɵΪԶڵҳ֮ϣδܼʱ֪俿ĽݻӦ൱
ʶĽݻŲδҲ˵ġ
ɳĩ˳ڣ޵ʬ壬ѾӵϦ¶ջ
***
ӵϦ¶ջ
ھȻȻ֪Ϊ˾ս
⻰Ľݻ͵һЦ֡
ҳȥ
ĽݻԸ㡣
һҡĽҽԼ
˵ĵˣǾѡ
ҳҿ˿û˵ʲô
Ȼö֪꣬٣Ķϣ˭˭Ӯδ֪
ڻһƮĺأҲ֪кεơ

˻ȥʱ޵۵Ȼ
˵޴չɵʱ̣ٲز¶óԼƵļƷ鵤ʱǻһСᣬŵʿ߼۴ӵ赤ҩ
½ʦôŻ
ǰ½ʦ֣Ÿ̨Ͽ˺þãû
ҳЦЦǲЩ
ȻѾ㾶ֱһ۷Ժһطҳյ˰⴫Ļš
ҳֽյС

Ļδ̫죬ҳвЩɻ
˵ǰ䳡;յǰߴϢô졣
طҲôĻš
ҳٶ룬ֱ̧עֽС
ֻһкɫڿи֡
ڤˡ
״ҳһڤôˣ
ڼ𡭡
ҳԺиðͷͼдֻʼ仯ĺɫħɢһ֡
ڤħ
ϢӦǰһδšִģʱá
ҳ²⵽ڼû뵽ڤҲȥһ룬ּٴת
ٻء


72 
ڤǰħ磬ҳΨһ뵽ģǾֻڤʯ
ڤʯǰӦûɻȥħ硣
ڤʯħ𡭡
ҳ벻ͨкɫħɵĴ̧֣һӱ㽫֮ɢ
ͬһʱ䣬ֻĵֽףǻʧ١·ûгֹһ
λϴΣҳٿȻķЩ󣬷һ졣
ĬĬϵͳ棬ٴο˿Ŀȡ
35
ħħ6
ʣ21
ڤڤ2
ˣһ档
ڼ6
ĽĽݻ30
ҳֵ֪ͬĳȸüƺ͡躮־ȤͶᱻΪ֪޿ɺǡ
ǡ䡯ͳȸô¡
ҳɲΪк֮ͬ
һϵͳȻתͲ롣ȻѾֺˣ޴תαԵöһ١
ҳٶȿϵͳ档
֪
ħƣ50
ȸ35

ҳߴЩɫעĵطɨһȥĿ6С2ͣá
⼸˸ô졭
Խӳ䣬ҲѪһ棬ʼҳԴֽ֣ȴˡ
ֻǰѾδ¶һˡ
þӸλϢҲԽԽ
ڼǲᡣҳȷá躮ȥˢԷĽؾͲôΪˡ
ڤǱߣҽݣƺЩҪҽεĲǣҪӽڤۣ졣
ò߲һϵ߲ȴȫҳͬٴζˡ
硢ħ硢硢ڤУΪڤѹˡ
ҳҲʵûбȹҽݸ׻ڤİ취ٴǰһֱڣδ
ϵͳҪǰħ磿
ţҳͻȻϵͳĵһ
ϵͳûʹЩô
ҳҪȥ
ȻٵĶڣôܲȥ
գſȥ
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ͯʱ½ʦ֡

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ͯϻǰ½ʦֹȥġ
ԣҳ¶Ȼı飬ãҲҪȥʦ𡣡
ŻͯЦһ£漴һ߳Ժ
ܽޡߵʱҳпţԺӦʲôڡ
һ۵뿪Ҳǽ˵
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κ¶ϰߣ˵ҳ·Զϰ߲ˡ
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꣬ͯ˵ԭǾ½ʦִӰ»ȻˣЪϢһ־ӦóԺȥϢͲᡭ
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ҳüġ

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û룬һȻܹջôࡣ
ѡˣ顢顣
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ͬϴͯԺͣҳһڡ
֪ǲĴҳԶԶᵽһ㣬ʶ±Ǽ⣬ߵſʱţʦˡ

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Щ߳ܡ

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ҳΪŵԳƱŤͬʱھҪҪھͽȥ
ԺƬٽýԼôŤˡ
Ȼҳ֪¡
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ͬģڷſڵһĻҲԱС
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ҳ

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洰Կԡ
ҳĽŲƺŵߴ̧ͷ
˺Ǹӡ
ҳƹȥǿ˽߷·Է⿴һĻ룬֡
׵ڴϥͷ̧룬ڿΡ
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ҳǰɽ
΢ȴû㣬۽ͣ
ڽûпã˶λãҳԷ
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ҳ˶٣Žһġʦ𡣡
Ϊʦ΢˶нЦ
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Һǽ޵۵Ѿ粻ֽ뿪ǵʿҲв١
Ĵ𰸺ǰһֻһ䣬Ϊʦڳڵ㡣
۵һڻ᷵š
ʢǰϦȥ
ҳͷ۵֪ˡ
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뿪ǣҳٶʱħȥ
ҳûڱ߽̫ͣãĤֱӳħȥݹʻһۼ
ħ
ԽߣΪħȫħδȥҲʱʱħ⡣
ֻǽвͬ
Ѿǵһٶʮ˴֮ʡ
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Ӧÿˣ˵ţһԵʯпŵڼǻк£
Ҳһٶʮ˴֮ˡ
Ϊǰһʲô𰸡ȻһΣֻԭŵڼеٿһǹһЦ
⿴ͻȻҲž۾Ŵ𰸡
ڼЦü΢һһϣһ䣺Ȼǡ
ǵϤħˣڼкȻӿһ󼤵İռǻȢһ
ȿȿȡ
춯صĿ𣬰Ȿ棬˿̱ԼĿˮȵᶼ쭳ˡ
ûɣ
㡭
һԣŴۿڼ˲˼顣
Ҫ˵Щʲôʱ˵ħȻը

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ҿҳһ乴һЦǻȴź塣
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ͼڼһֻ̧֣ҳǰζ¡
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ڼס
ҳѾ˵ȥСѣҵôãˣ
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˵䣬զ࣬ô񡭡ϲˡ
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ҳֱħߡ
һԶԶͿɿɫĽһ6һ2
ڴ⣬Ũ֡
ڤȷʵҲħ硣
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ҳʵףڰȴ֪ʲôΪ
ֻԽҳ;ߵʵƺڼ
һԭװ˵ƿӣԽԽġ
ڼڰףҲ¶ֲ졣
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73 
ҳŷžҪϮԼˣż·𱻰ͣ˲佩ԭء
ͬʱڼڤۡ
ҳȥ
ЯŴӴ߳Ӱ
μҳ
ڰУԽһϮ¡
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ǽڼǰģϲϺߵٶȣƼһĻæͷ
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ҳƲͷۣԷҲת˹ǳİɫЩУֻ۳沿Լһǳǳ
ڤĿ⣬ҳظеһ١
Ϊֹá躮ݡǰߵļء
һڳʱ
һԹҽ֮ΪԼҽʱ
һڡ
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˼ˣҳ۽ɨɨԼܸܵǵͶעϵߣδŲߡ

ҳȷڤһڤʱûз״Сڤ֮
пɵһ
ţһĿ
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պȻͣһ˲еӿ
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ͬһʱ䣬ڵӰ䣬ֱɢֻһãߣɢʱ򡣡
£ҳһСѣ´μ
ڼ
ٲȻԼҳôûϵǣ´μ硣

ߺҳüʵڤ۴Ϊ£
Ĵ̫ķѵʱ䲻٣Էֲ뿪ҳ˼Ǿԭɡħôá
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һֱħ˶ֻΪɷضǻɢ˭֪ڤˣ˵ľǴ¡
Խͷаһ˿ɱ֮չֳ
״ҳ
л㱼䣬·𿴵յԽ
ǸѪ粻ħ

ԽУҳûʱȥ
ˣϴǰڤʱõıڵݡ
ҳʱڼһֱڤغֻĹ
ǲҲɷйء
ҳ֪ɷħǻĥţξ
ͻȻڡ
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ħйɲǰʮħ֮һɷŪġ
ǳǸɷ᲻ٴϻ
ԣҳûлش

ɷʱһħһǶԽֶûһ֪ߵʵ͡
ܰħһ궤ϣʵôɷʵЩ
ڶ㣬ҲΪԴ
Žеʱʵ΢ҳһ١
ɷҪνˡǿħУһ췢ӳŶ湪Ѿǿ֮ĩ˵
ֻɷ˿ңĿҰףǻմȾһʺѪգ˫۳졢Ķ㡣лЮһˣѵŵʬ岻֪
ҳʱɷ촽ͬȾѪ
ɷĿǰˡ
ǸߴɫӰҲħ
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***
ò׻ħҳûԼͻȻء
Ժбҵ˼ռϻǣкЩ塣
Ȼ򲻹㣬ɷ˻ŴǱͶɱ
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ȫɱ⣬ƺߵҲųȥ
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ô䣬˶Һ㡣
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˵գҳеһħ壬ƺڲ˺·ܹ˺㡣
֧𣿡Ȼǰҳ侲ѯʡ
ͬʱüܰ˶ֱֱĶǰԳ֡
Ȼҳ֣Ҳץɷֳߡ
Ǹˣɷ˵ţħ뱻ҳڣһϧ
ҪˡɷЦЦʱճѪ˿ĭų罦°ϡ
ҳһͣǵħĥõͷϡʹʹ仺ŤֻǻЦš
ɷͣ˶
վڽΧҲ״׷׳ЦԴȥ

ϵͳ֧ͺñҳĽָ
Ǽ򵥵һС£һ΢Цһ仰һ
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Ϊҳɷ㽫֮˿ȥתȥơ
ͼµĽƣֻɲǼȻѣǵɫӰ߽
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˵ɷҲһ
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˵գֻԽĽһ¡
ССС
ɫġ6ˡ16


74 
Ȼҳ̧ס
ͼԽǵ΢⣬ŵȻɱ͸
һѿݲУȻ׹һǡ
ҳؾ׹
ħ̫ˣɷ֮˭˲Ǳʱһס
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ٸսħȨ
֮һħԣԽȻģʵħ״˵һС
ԽԸΡ
ɱ
ҳǱһɿžһأڵС
Ҳͬʱ졣
Խ
ͬʱٿسһϢ
ҳƫͷȥڶһˣԽ
֪̽ҳĿ⣬ߺҲ֪ƫͷͷ
ҳü˿壬ȻԽѾһӣٶ¡
ǰֻæһ
ҳҪ˵Խ汾ߡ
ǡ

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ҳ궯˶ѾȥҪȥڤɣ
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75 
ҳؾͱ뷨סˡ
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ĽڣȥҲô׳
һڣֻҪ룬ûʲôġ
ҳһӵȥ
ڤ۸ϵһǱµĹޣˡ
ǡøɷǰͷ

˵꣬ҳߡ
˼ԷžһսڼҲûţúõϢ
䣬ڼӰ˵ӳ
ⲻ֪߻
·ҳ
ҳۿȥ£
ֻоһڤУǴħɣ
ҳ°۾ϣȥǱߴţ²Ҫ
ô˵ֻڨڨִȥһȥ

ĳ⡣
ڼȥʱڰغ
ڤǷ棿ڼ
ڰףĳء
һͬ趨õĳ㣬ֻΣڼֱ棬ڰҲδ
ڼһֱߵŨƵģμڤۡ
ڤӦԷڤ۽ҽٻء
һϮɫӰ̤ڤӰ֣ɫӿŶ
ڼЦ£ˣƺأûˣҽҽΣҪˡ
ڤۣ𡣡
ǡڼɷнµĵͷ
ֻһ룬Ժȥһ˵ô
Ҫǲأ˴øЩǲзϡ

ڼ뿪ΪȻ֪ҳѾܹħйĵƺã󲿷ֵС
ھֻ輯ʣµģټƼɡ
ʣµǼζҩҲʲôϡҩģҳĥţҵɷƳá
ǡڴʱкȻӿһ
ռ֮չ

ڤ۵ԣ
ҳо˿̺ڤĲŵȫ׵Ժæϵͳ
Ľ֪ٴΣҳܹΣҡ
ֻвɡ
Ѿ˵ڤۣҳɷڣùΪλٻ
ΨһĿܾǣһص߲ݡ
пܴеһ˿
ҳ뵽Щ漴ϵͳ侲ͨһͶӰ˵ظ
ƳһͶӰӪһֱڴ˵صļ
ۿſռѷ켴ͣҳҲż١
ϵͳġ
ϵͳ𸴣ҳƽ
Ѿ֧ߣڼʱӦòֻҪսپӦÿԾϻء
գҳĻò̤ռѷС
ԭصģֻʣһϵͳݸĿռ䣬ͶӰĻ档

ҳһռѷ롣
ҰֵģֻһƬãã
μڤۡҳǰ

ɫС
ĳڣ˿ֻ̾ڤһˣڼѲ֪١
ҳվ֪ڤǰΪ£
£ֽŵǧĽҩڼ˴ڤ⡣
˵ҳͣ˻ͷ
һƬĬδڤ۵Ļش
ҳ̧׿ۣɫһ㲢δƶ֣Զͣ
ڤۣҳ
˵ţŲ΢Ũȥ
һΡ
ʱ˴ʢһ߲ݣ˿ȴӨӨĹˡ
ҳʱֻڤһܿԷһ
ССһֻ˿ȸУϤĶ档
˿ȸһֻ޳ָԾȡöŪˡ
ָֻǽڷǴӻɫ¶
ţҳһ
Ҫһԣ
ҳ£ԭȻıԳãȻ
ڤ۵Ҫһԡ
ʲô


ҳվԭ˼Ƭ̺ۣ궯˶²ᡣ
⸱ӣ·ܶȤǰ֮ˡ
ٿһЦʣǳǳֲ֮С
ҳ۽΢˲û֨
һ
żҳ̧ۿȥʱڤȻ
ֻ̧Ūȸ£ɫٶȽǰ쳣ڸǣٿ֡
ҳ˹ȥվڤ۷ŵλá
˿ȸʱʵʵצӹǸϣڵȴĶŪ
״ҳͽ˿ȸС۾ϡ
Ӻߵϣҳ̽Ѱһ˿ͬѰϢ
ֻ
ݡ
Ϊڤ֮ڤۣΪλһֻ
ҳδףڤ̧ͬ֡
ԣҳʶ̧֡
漴ڤ۵ȥ
ҳһ͡
аڵĽ˿ȸĿϣɫ๡
㴿ɫϵëҲ룬ûаҡ
ҳĳС
Խٶ𣬡᣿

żҳžڤ仰˼
ǡ
ڽ
ǹҽ˳ȵ˹ŵҲס¶һ˿㶡
ҳ´Ž˿ȸĿרעһ£ͬƵҩʱǰ㣬۾
һָ
̧֡
ҳָʾ̧ڴСۻ䣬¶һ䡣
ȥ
ҳ˶٣ĽС
ַŽȥһ̣ǳЦڶϡ
ҪĽ˿ȸҳæҪֳСⱻǼĵ
Ȼҳֵһ룬ǵָʾһС

ҳֽסһʱûж
ڤ۵Ϣ
ΣҳûǿҪֵĽ˿ȸ
ڤ۵𣬡Ҳԡ
ҳ˿
ֵ֮Ǳ򡣡


77 
ҳһɲ˵ţ¡
ŵ㿹ܣ˵ȥ
ԭܾ
ڤ˲䣬ҳ񰲶
Ĵ껺ϣٶԣ۽ҲŴ䣬ǳ顣
ڤдԣҽԸԶԴκ˶ǵȻ񣬷ᱻκ´
һڹ֮䴫ġ
ڤǰˡ
ĬƬ̣ҳỺӦǡ
ûвתͷȥڤ۱飬ֻ˳Ӧֳ
Ȼҳǰһ̣ȻָٿȻһƬ΢
ⴥһʱʧɫ
ǽ˿ȸָ⡣
ͷһԺҳоһ͵Ǵȫһĸ֮С
ǡ
оΣ
ҳֻǱһΪ泩
ʻ˼󷽲ŵʵĸо
ʲôҳݲ
ֻ֪Ǳ֮׹̻굤ЧûҪá

̻굤ڤ˶ԵҪǲᡣ
ָܹĵҩҳڤ֮ǰδֹҲϵͳеƴճĵ
Ƿţֻ˿ȸһڣҳĻȻ
ֻκϢķ
ôᡭ
ûʱڴ˶ȥҳνջغڤ۲δֹתǳڣлڤۡ
ҳ˵̧ͷڤһ˿ǵ㣬Цɫͫйâת
ʱƣǴв˳
ʱҴҸĻװֻæϵͳɫǺòȥ
ҳ֪һ㣬ڤ۴Ե΢㵣ԭ͵üۼѵõ¶һ˿ͬ顣
ԭڤֻ˿ȸ⣬ڴˡ
ǴҳսʱѾź˵ġ
ҳŴٶȵлڤۡ
˵գ̧ףøˡ
ڤ۵ȷʵ˼Ц⣬ֱֱԱ촽΢һ˿ǳǳȡ
ҳӹȥ
һ˲Էڡ
š
ֻȥһɡ
ȥ

ҳ
ڤۻеδ֮ı֮ոոƣ
֪Щҳܾ
ĬΣ΢΢Ц£ɫָظʱĵһ仰֪ڤǰΪ¡
Ȼû˹ҽݣôԭĴȫƷԺͿʣµҩĿʼơ
ҳûڤ۵Ļش𣬷䴫ڼĺЦɤȻҪҽ¡
תȥֻڼֽڤ죬ùҽǰȥһ
ҳ¹һ±Ȼע⵽֮⡣
졯
ڤۣҶȸˡڼڤһ񣬽Űĳȥ
ҳں棬ѯʣڼ˷˵ġǺ⣿
ǱùǱ޳꣬죬ڼɫ治١
ĳسڼϵļɫһɨգܣҽ˿ɲᡣ
ҳ
ڼüͷ΢ҽǰΰɡ
ȻڤǱҵҪҽҲܷβܡ
ֻԺٴҽȥСѡ
***
ҳڼڵĴδھ洫İϡ
һһЩҡ
Ӵ
˻
ûˣ
ʹУҳУڼ䵽
һȥҳͿſڴϵߵʵƺЩɢģʱʱ¶
ŲֲͣҺ˼̧ͷ
һҳӷ룬ͬ˾ǣΡΡĳҳ֣ҽҽˡ
ҽ˾Ȼ갡
ֶбǱ޳µĽںۼ˿ҳģȫѪһƬҲɫټ
ҳ¶̣Ҳˣǡ
˻Լֱæ̶ָ̧Ϊ̫󡢳
۵˿˿ֱҧǱˣ
򣿡˵ţҳѾ˴ߣȥ۲ϵ˺ۡ
ţҳֹ֡ϣϱùǱ޳ĵطȫۼȡ˿⸲ȥһ㡣
ᣬ˿ϹԼ䡣
Ȼ

ҳһԡ
ԭ۵£ǻ޵ġ
ɥ
˼ˣҳοԷһ䡣
֪֮һʲô
ĸճУϵ˺ۻµģء
ҡ
ǻҳڡ
ҭŻصڼǸ쵰
֪ӷ裬һǰһ͸
ı򣬱ͲжԷԼǰһٱӣڼú޻֮
ԽԽԽԽί޵øҳָصȻвңԺֻҪҸΣҪң
ڼ֮һҪβſʹãʱ붨Ҳһ
κηΧУֻҪڼ룬ͿΡɱΡ
ʱһ
߶ǱҪһУҪ͵Ϯܳɹڼ֮Ϊ
ڼ˵ҪҲ
붨ʱıֱꡣ

Ŀߣҳ֪һˣԭڼΪ
غں͡躮ֱ
ҳ롣
أҽˣҿɲ뱻
һ߿ޣһ֣쵰ڼָҪ
˵ţһЦ˽
Ȼֹת۾Ͳɪɪ
ǰڼµ˻ʹݲͷˣҽˡҿ
װģһͨڼ鷳
ͼ˵ֻ꣬Ǳڴ߸ûҪ˵ʲô˼лһƬ䡣
ҳ״˿ġѵӦúڼᣬǰڼȥѰڤǰΪҽΡ
һ˵꣬ЩôӴϱֱš
ڼôģ
䱾˾Ҳ˵ֻҵͷпԡ
Ҳ֪ڼղ˶١
᲻һ˳ģһ٣

롯Ϊҽߣ˭һͬʣȻΪΪӵѡ
ͬʱҲǳԹ˿ͷ
ƺ󣬱ӽȡҩڼ˼ζҩͿʼơ
вܹĵҩпԸΡ躮ħйĵҩ
Ժݻȥɽ֮¡
̻굤ҳǧ飬ؼֻҩеҺںϵĲ裬ԼػʱҪСĽ
ҩʱ䲢ҩɹ㽫֮¡
ҳҩУеһձɻָ
лҽˡ
ܸо걻𽥲ȫҩڼҩϯȫ˲߶ĵط
ҳֽһеݳȥ
ǿκ˰̵ҩࡣ
лУҳ˴ڼš
ҳڼ˻ûߣ
ڼףһ¡
ԣҳ¡⡯һɲԤС
ͼڼϴǸСѣҽǰһ


78 
Ԥ˲棬ҳת
ҩȻɣڽ֮ڼΪתȷʵԱͬʱֵĳ档
ôˣڼܻڻǰִʱͽ鷳
ڼˣҳ˼Ƭ̺ǳΪСҽεĵҩ׼ˣҵҩ®У˿ɷһǰȡ֮
Ϊ֮ƣֻסڼ
⻰ڼû飬Ǳ͹ҽˡ
ҳ΢΢Ц£ڼ˿
Ҳϴ׼㣬ڵѾҩɣֵ֦ںĵز
գҳ̾̾ɫȴԡ
ڼ߰ɡ
ҳףڼһڤҩ®ȥ
˵ٶȶʱ͵ҩ®
ҩ®żˣһҳ˵Ĳ֢ãԴ˴˲ࡣ
ҳЩкͬʱҲڸϵͳͨ
Ϊʱ뿪ǴʱϵͳµͶӰתʶܹԶ̲ٿأҲ֪Ǳߵ״Ρ

֪ڤв״ҳһ˲ͬڼڼڴ˵Ⱥһ
ҽҽȥҩعҡ
ڼ˸λ
ҳͷȥ
ҳ̧֣մŵҩУһźɫ顣
֮ɢġ
飬ҳߴ͸ʢһ߲ݣӨӨı̹öţӳ
ҳָᴥ̽˽ȥһϢ棬ʶ֮ϣĪϤ
ʱȣҳҲֻһʱϸ˼ǳָк
ӽС
ҳʶһ߲ģ˳ʶǣСĴȡ˼߲ݡ

ԼĪһʱ
ڼżҳ˱ҩϮƢ
꾡Աϴ֮С
㣬ڼҳУǺ
ָҳŵƿ
ҳ߲ݡ

׼ȷ˵ǱƳ˵ҩ߲ݡ
ڼĿ¶ɻ󣬡߲ݣ
֪ڼ߲ݵĹЧҳһЦͣȫ֮á
ʲôڼȻ
е綾ǧ߲ݣƳɵҩĹЧ
ﻹһ䵤ҩܹ塭
ڤ˶ԣɵĴڡ
ѹڤۻὫһ߲ݽڹҽԭЧãĲıϡ
ҳݹȥڼ£ɷҽ֮ڤۡ
ڼ£ûüѯʣҳȻΪ˽ͣҩЧΣΪСѿźá
˵ţҳת⣬ٵȴŹҽΪǿĹڼªĲУߡ
ձҽ˷֣ЩҲûٰѲﳷȥ
һĻҳ΢䴽ǳɤﺬЩЦһЩǡ
żҳ˵ڼһۣʲôû˵ûٶͣתڤȥ
ԭصҳٿȻͿԷĽˡ4ͣڡ10档
ҳûĥڼΪһ仰ӵĽ뿪󷽲ŷģ̶ѲһڹӭС
ЩǾģҳ֪ǵ״ͽҩ׼ãֻ˻ȥķüɡ
һУҳѸۻڤ
***
ڤ
ڼա롯Ҫ󣬰Ѻ߲Ƴĵһҩڤۡ
ҽˣɿáڼ״۵
ڤԸ⽫߲ݽҽʱڼ㿴ڤӦ׼ġ
˵գڼƳǰһĨɫӰ
ڤִŽȥƿȡһҩָ䣬̧𣬽ҩ͵ǰ
Ǹɽ˿У˿ȸǰ
״ڼü
ֻֻССȸҲԴһԾ͵ڤָǰɫļһһҪǿŵҩ
ڽ˿ȸļ๼ĵҩʱֻ̧˻ȥ˸ա
С
˿˿ɲҪġ
浱ڤҪѵҩιֻûʲôôȸڼʧЦ£һ֮ھҪˣɷڣ֪ڤۿз֣
꣬ڼ˼һ˲Ҳ֪֮̽Էڡ
ȻٲҪҲһԡ
ǲ֪ɷǱǷ
ڼûȫİܹѰԷټ
ڤۣء
ԣڼ̧׿ȥһʣڤа취
֪ںδ

ҳء躮ݺ󣬵һʱ㽫ħйĵҩ¡
ڼ䰵ⲢδȻĲá
ˣ
εҳٶʣȻ˵ȥ
ҳڤҵɷټˣ
ȥֻͷǡ
áҳ
˵䣬ӰƮƮ£ǰɫûһ˿紵ĺۼɾ䡣
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֪ǰȥĵص㣬ҳǰ棬ⷴ档
Կáͷ¿ȥ
ڤһƬ׸ǣ޴ǰããһƬֲġ
ÿǰȥˡ۷һͨŮ·
ǰĳص·߽ȥ˵Ӱ
ҳûͷûβһλµĲһ٣ü˵ʲô
飬Ҳʶ˵ļԺá
ҳԣϸԲͣһ䣬⣿
ӣ͵ﻤɫһۣԼδ̫졣
̹󣬻ʵȻǵ⴦ôߣǸһΣȻȫˡ
˵֪꣬Ȥϴܡ

رѡ
ҳûмȥͣԭء
ǰ
Ȼˡ
躮ǳǰڤ磬ȴʵʵģǵһνڤ
һڼδڤ
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뵽ҳҲסͷ
ˡ
ѹֵʱڼɻĿ⿴Լ
ԭԭڴˡ
Ҫװϵ·Ե̫⣬ֻܽųĳȥ
ҳƳƳ⡣
Σ
ԵİյͶΪǵû죬ڨڨ졣
߰ɡҳ
ķӲȲУȻǴǰѱ
˼ˣҳͷƤЩ顣
ʱ˿̣Ҳһѣʲôһʧǧźޡ
ҳûҪݱ¶ʲô
һǾԲܹġ

ĳʱ
ҳûпڰ׳ֱ֣ӴŰ档
μڤۡҳһ
ԽɨǺˣ
ע⵽ͬڼҳһ˼֪ӦǶԷἰ£Խͷҽ˵ĵҩЧ·ùȫָˡ
뵽ϴ˵Ϲҳ̧УٴԽҽȻȷ
ⶢҳ⻰۾ˡ
ħ˲ػɣڼ´ҽҽ۷켫ûʲôܹѵġ
ҳҪͷ
ŵ
ǲģҽȷһ


79 
ã
ڼµɲǣҳӦѸٵĽӿڣĩһ۹εȥ
ûյС׺ݿԼĿ⣬ڼԼؿڲ£֮࣬ǵĻ
á
ҳһ۹ֶԽԼڤۣҽвҪȥΣȻͷˡ
ڼıǡ
ùҽȷһ£ʱ߻ҲõԷֵĵط
ȻС˵ڼҲףȷʵˣǰҩ®ʱҽǱߵȷġ
Ļ˵꣬ҳͶݳһԳ֮Ϊơ
ڤ١롯ҳġ
һȰڼˡ
ͬھҲ㲻

ڤ۲δҪٹҽǰ
˱㽫ע·Żش˴εҪϡ
ҳڤۣɷֽεأ
һδ߾ѽɷѰ˳ʵίʵ𺳡
ڤ綼ڶԷƿ֮УֻҪԷ룬ӲԷڤ֮
***
ҳǶϵͳݸŲɣ֮ڤ۽ɷҪ
οҲΪڤۻʱʱƿڤ磬򲻻ɷлɳˣҪķѵľ
ҪôˣδҲ̫Ȥ

ɷֽڤ磬ᱻڤҳ˶û⡣
λʱһĬ
򣿡ڼԺһ
˵գЦһء
ҳڼ

δ˵ڤôط
ȥһԽɫ糣ɼ֪˵صġ
ڳУΨͰⲻ֪
ڼĿɨһ۱ԴãȻСѣͬͣڤء
˵ڤڤ֪ĽأôΪ֪ġ
ҳ뵽أȡ
ѺзʵǿأͬʱҲҳȡߞĵط
ܹ֪ЩҲȫȥ
ҳŵ֪ߞĴڲδ½֪ߞɽڷı¡
֪ߞɽһֱС

ԣҲڤУҪﵽڼʮλã֪ܵһ
ҳгȥСʲô
ɷȻڤ簵ֶοǲ
ôҪڤضȡǲҲͰϵ
ڼЦſ
ҳƳֿԽ
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ڤˣˡ
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Σֶܾԣħ˰ԻתΪ޵ɷôܹ밵ġ
֮Ȳͬ
Ѻʲô˴ڵģڤ絮֮Ѵڡ
̲صĹθǲ֪Ӻζֲ֪νȥʴ˲űΪأҲ˵֪
ΪβѪ֮ǡ
һȥΨ·һ
żʳ䣬ڼüͷֻǸˡ
ҳ
һǧ߰ǰڤһλרΪʳ
֪뵽ʲô˵ڼһּڣ֪Ĵڣ˱棬û
û뵽Ȼû

һǧ߰ǰһΪĹޣʮ֮һ
һʵ֮
䲻޵֮ȴʵ
ڤУΪ
ſ񲻼ƺ˼ɣ֮ӹﳼڤ۵ޣĿ˿ν˼¡
ȻڤۣҲ޹
ڼЦ볬ڤۣ±һõ
عɲ˵ġ
Բٴš
ҳĿֱֱڼ䣬Сѣŵˡ
˵ڤ£ڼΪ㣬˳ڡ
ֻҳڼţƫͷӹƲͷû뵽㶼һǧ߰ˣ
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ҳ˹ǣߵһĨЦԵΪӣŶûô
֪к󻰣ڼûתͷ
ֻû뵽ҳ۾Ȼôϡ
ڼ
ر֮ڼü
ҳ˵꣬ͲмĿ⳯
ħڤⶼƶ

𲻹֮ҳ༸ȷʵ˵ϡϡˡ
ҳ΢΢һ飬ǽͷת
һȲģЩ֡
룬תƻһΪ񻹻ţ
ڼӦˡ
ôɷ񹴽ˣҳĬ
ڼܡ
һǧֻ߰꣬Ϊȷʵ֪䰵Щʲô
һأһǧ߰ꡣ
ɷݷȣҲʵ㲻ʲô
һǧ߰ǰȻĿһУҪڤ۶ϣûǸ
˵ǰҲΪԼԽڤۡ
ɷΪգüӱ¶ԼĴڣǰȥ
ɷڤһУҲǳ֡
ξȻҲܳ£ڼһЦġ
ȷʵģҲ
ڤڤͳΣǴڤ絮֮Ѽȶ˵ʵȻвġ
һˡ
ȻҲֹһһǳڹڤ۵ѹȡ
ˣڤ˶еأܹʹͬڵɷĳ
ҳźۼƳڤۡ
Ȼȴһɫ°ڣ߲֪ʱѾߵǰǴ˿ȸԡ
ˣҳĿⲻֻȸ뵽ʲôץסǵ㡣
***
ǷҪħ硣ȻץɷΪβɽ룬ôҳдһᡣ
Խԣתͷɫпɫ
ˣڼҳ࣬ʯϵŵЦȥ
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ϣת䣬йâҪȥʱֱưȥ
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ڤֻ¶һӰۺʱ˵
˿ȸһƺǱúˡ
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ֻҪΪתΪֻķʽΪޣԻ
Ϊڤƿء
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ڰһǧ߰꣬ʵѾһ۷塣
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ԽҪɷҳ̫á
ħħͱôһû޴ڵɱ¾
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ڤʯҳ˽⡣
ϵͳ͹;ȴƬ棬йϸûС
Ȼڤἰȷܹ⿪εá

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ڤʯɻн֮ЧתΪЧòν㡣
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Ȼҳòһǡ
費Ҫһϣʵ󱳵ۡ
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̧ʱֻüڤ۴ȥһĨȡ
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ڤ򵽵ðУȡһŹκͼ¼ļݣ۷ڤҲǶ̶̵һӡ
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ڤۿҪڼ˵˿˻ȥ˿ȸǰ;дδϡ
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81 
ڤ۽߲ݵһΪ
һ˿߲ݵĳڣһ˿򱻹עֻССĽ˿ȸС
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***
żڤ۴ҳҲɣ̧档
ԽԽŨϡڸߡ
𽥱ڱΣҳǲڣɫ½ˡ
ĲԶվ
ҳֻ֣Ҫڤ⣬ϵͳֵǸɫĽܷӴãýж϶Էڡ
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82 
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ҳЦЦ̧ͷ䣬ʦϲͺá
˵գһʼˡ
ҳʵʦҪμӣ
Ѱҳģ⡣
ͯ˿Ҳ
μӣҳйǰһ£ϻʦ𣬿Ҫǰ
ԣȴϢһЩȥ
ҳеЩֻɫԣգ۽ޣʦ𲻱عңҲǺۡ
ջڸƳСһῴ꣬˲Ŵżȥ
ҳע⵽Ľ˵ģ
뿪Щģƺһ
ʲô֮
***
˼뿪ʱҳĲ΢١
ǿһϤӰתͷȥʱǵӰȺҲҲټ
ΪΪͱѹţҳҲ롣
ֻǰ˸ۡ
˻˭
գֿһǰĽҳǸȥ
ȥɲǣǰͣ
ʦ𡭡ҳ
˿ͣƬ̺󣬵߰ɡ
뿪ƳǺҳٳֻʯ߶ɣغķٶȱȲ˽һˡ
ҳĬĬȡĸƷʯصİУƷʯ룬֮ƷƷ֮Ҫࡣ
ȥҳһ䣬ʦ𷽲ڸƳǣǸоʲôˣ
ƳǵĽѹƶΪߵˡ˵ҪЩʶޣոսͣٵһ£Щ⡣
ԣأΪʦӦˡ
ҳֱֱһ𰸡
ˣӣҳЦ£ΣΪʦоƳ
ҳ㵡

ӦһţΪʦȻţʱļλʦǰ鿴һ
Ѿ˵ˣҲ˺á½ٺ档
ҳڣֵֻЩϢĪҪ롣

Ƴ
ҳһʱЩң뿪ڤɷˡ
ҳֲ֮ڤʯϵ
ڤʯֽڤôЩǴӺζ
ҳδȥԴһ񡣡
ѡ
ҳǡ
˵գۿʼ
޾ʱ˴г
ƾ۲ܰȫɹƬ򣬺еޡмܻὫ֮ݻ١
ʦҿͯ㽻ʦˡҳ
д˻쳹ŨҵȳδƮɢ˹
Ŀ޷
һ䣬ָǿָӿֱָ
ҳϮѹɨæֵȻһѹʧˡ
ֻ赭дĽȥ
޵˻ͣЪ
߰ɡ

ҳû飬˸ȥ

ƺΪʢĵĤ󿪡
ȥʱͯݸڽĤ
롣Ȼÿǰ·
ҳ뻳ͯһڽ档
վżŮȺ
һˣƺյϢ롣
ȻҳͻͯҪʱȴ
λŮ
ͣ²ӡ
ҳ֪ΪΣֻͻͯס
ȴǲ֪һ㡣
ͯҲһɻ󣬡ô͵ģ
Ϊλ¡
Ů˵
Ҳֻǰչذ¶ѡ
֮вڡ

ʱ
һӭ
ˮһǽæ񣬵룬ѵȺʱˡ
Ů£ˮ״ǣô¡
Ůһ˵ˡ
ˮҲֿ֪˿һУĥ⡣


90 
ˮһŮ룬漴Լԭ
ڵҳͬʱƫЩߣĿ䵽ˮϡ
˺Ȼɨһ۵ˮδǰļŮ˫ʮ㾫ɨӹȥ˿оǲ
ôὫһأ
ˣȷʵǴӱġ
һæǰͣһЩҪ
ǿɲȥҹڿ
ˮŮ⣬ż¡ʱҲԼ˵ǣҽύ١
ԤеܷûеſڵŮˮⷬǳģһʱͰ˹ȥ
ٻȥǱߺʵжᣬǴŵ㡣뵽ոռ˻Ȼ֪ͨİ⣬ˮͷۡ
Ϊǲ˵ղǸûа㷢ŭļ󡢾ֱڡ
Ҫǻˣʢỹûʼ͵һͨ
Ůԣ̱ͷԾ֪ˣȥ²֤ҵֻǷ¡
ˮ˰ֺȥ
ֻ뿪ʱ˷ӣȷʵЩ䶯ȥǱʸס

ڽһеʱѸ֪ǵˮûҴҾ͸
·Ů˺żܷȥ
𣬡ˮܵĺ˵ǰ档
ףͬʱҳֿһˮͼӺϿʲô
ϣҪʲôӲźá
ˮˣһ·ܷŴš
һ࣬롣
̧룬ҳҲûʱˮ׼
ֻһһ
ʢὫ¶Ȼһ¡
Ȼϰ۹۱ǡǹĵĻͯҲסûʵĹʾ̾
ÿһƾĵڵֻʯƵޣϸȥȴɫл׹⣬ת۾ͺͳ֮˶ϣεɷ
ǻģ
ͯһ˲½ʦɫ糣ɫƽ̾½ʦֿǼʶ㡣
ʱңʱ
Ҳ֪ԭΪΣһ۾ͽ
ҳǼ˵ģҪ˵ͷ޻еߞŵ׳Ƴ
𡣡
ţһȻ˴ӵб㴫һɢߣֳ֧˿΢þò

ʽɹһ£ҲͬʢϢ˿
ֻ֮ˣһϮ°ţԡϻŶұɳƺ쳣ޣǶĿģǱü̺Ѫӡǡ
β죬ǳɫճ·Ľâ׺ϡ
ͯͿʼĿбӣҿʧǡϵ档
ǲƳɵ壬ҳ־ԼӦñֵõһЩ
ʱС̧ۣٿؾסˡ
ƽʱ¡
ֻվһоһֵ̬֮˵ǾӶ˷ĺ㡣
ڽ䣬ҳͻͯҲ
ˮһڵģҲΪ˽һɰλõϲˮ
Զ΢Ŵ
ͬ䲢ʶǲδܷڴ̫á
ܿˮһΪĴȥ
ΪӣʦͬסҳͿˮȴٸűĵط
ȻԼļ޳УȴҲطġ
ҳˮ£Ȱϵ
ʦ𣬵ԺٹҳԽһ䣬̶ųˮл
ֻˮҳס£Ϊʦ㡣
ԣҳɵĵͷһԲĸˮ
ͯź
ʱȣˮٴᡣһжҳ֮ǰƻõ⡣

ҳ԰
ҽʱ㽭Ҳֻ˵ЩĺŪȥǰӦٸʵס
ҳԼ׼סǾ㲻Ͻļأʢǻ˻ᱻŽ
ˮһŮǰҳŮһȥ
Լͬҳֿǰ
¡
صܷˮֱ񣬱㿪ʼһ£еǲҪĶһ
ǰϵôȻԱӷ÷ŵŮͽ⣬˿ίʵס
бһۣаűǡ
ʢȴ£ˮҲǵһ֣ϵȻܡ
һ⻰ˮҲŵ˵ͷǳ˵һ䣬סһҾôˣƾĶ
ǵģӦЩǡ
㲻ÿɷֻ΢²ȫȨȥ𡣡
Ծһ¾Ͳˣˮȥ͵µ˶һȻô˵˶١
ˮ룬ŵǰȷʵѾ׵ˣǱָĶˣ
ԣˮû˵
ᣬɡ䡯ġ
ȻˮҲ£һȭһģԣǾ˸ƹǴ˸Ĺ㡣

Ҳʲô£㵹û˵
״ˮҲȥ·Ը
ֻߺ󣬷ָĩһһöɫʯг֡
δǣˡ䡯Ȼϲ룬ȴƺԼԭͲϲԼĪڱغǰʲô
˼ˣӣʯ˻ȥỺҲգ

ܷǱߵ״Ȼ֪
ҳٶȻصʱѾˮİ¶˳Ĺأȥδ⵽
ֻǼ򵥵ȥǱ˵һסʱҳĽҹ⣬ʦ𱼲ۣӦϢǣӾȥˡ
˵ֽŶԻͯͯʦܣʦ߾ͽտһ
ͯشúܿ죬½ʦġ
ҳͷԶŵĽЦ£תȥ
뿪ҳûгɵħȥʱȣħǱߣڤҲͬǰ
ħУԽ͡躮лλħ
ƺš
ֻͬסڶѡ
***
ħ硣
йɷǱҽȥħ땿һ£й¶˳ȥ
ҳħʱһͽ齻
ʲôҳšü򰵷⡣
Խڸȥģô֪һֵħ˾֪
һ¡Ҳ֪
ҳȻ֪Ʋ˼˭й¶˳ȥ
ȻɷûϢѾ¶ԽҲͲǴ׷䣬ǽڵϡ
ҽ
Ƶ֪ǰҽʧٵħ˺ɷйأѡ躮ðǰȥϵ
Ǿͽ˵ƽҹ
ԣҳ⣬漴ŽҲһġ
һšҳŴõӣʲô
˵ҳתֻħϢȻ
һһԳȣͬΪԵħ϶ɢҳϲ⡣
ڻˡ
һڣֱӳ˹
һģţ˿ϴ˵ЦشǰǾ仰Ȼ¡
ҳһûա
һƶʱһͷ

ҳȷʵûա
ջħҪȥԽ
ƺżȻڣҲʡ£öǰѡС
£ƵҪȥһ𡣡
ҳû飬̧̧°ͣǱ߰ɡ
˵ţһԽڵĴȥ
˴ҪʱҳٿȻͣ£ֻڵ⣬վһҷꡣ
ڤģƷӦ٣ȥһ˲ͽ˳
ڰס
ҳг˳
ڰô˵
ڤҲڡ
Ҫһڼ
ɷŽʱⲢδἰһɲԤͽҳǰȥڤڴˣ
ҲڰǴ˹ȥ
ǡڴʱŻ
ֻаӰ˳һ࣬Ĭڡ
ҳ˰Ӱһۣ߶һ亹
龰ҳ˳ǣѿӰڽš
ջߣһ䣺ȥ

ֻʱ
ҳ۽⴦ҷӰƺ΢΢˶ɫ䵽ϡ
ͻķӦҳ˹ȥ
Ƽͣ£ѯʵôˣ
ҲŶס˲ӿȥǸֱվŵĻҷɨ
ٿȥʱڰǱֱƣκ춯
ҳɡ
֪ԻһǵĹޣѾ뵽Է޻ľżģ
ҳԼƶϳļǡ
Щڵġ躮ܿġ
ҡͷƵ߰ɡ
ҳĿ⣬һֱ˵УеİͰӰڰһ˵⡣
μ
ͬʱ˵
ĩˣһףҳڤۡ
ƺŶͬʱȥǸһ
ҳĲ²㡣
ڼҲڡ
˿üҳԺĴһһϣŵСѡ
ҳӹȥ
ͻȻһЦ
ƺɤ쳹С

ССѣ
һ˵Цֱ˱ֲȳ
ŻβЦڼбƳȥһۣĿͷ췢ɨʱͰѴ˳
ħ֮һơ
ڼٶŲ磬һվŵϣһͺһ˫ӶӣĪǲһǿŶ
ħš
˶ڼϳֻʵ̫ϡ
ħ֮һ췢
һˣҲɢǹɱһ޻Ҫڤ˵ʣڼʶݡ

һʱûסЦ˵Ŀȫ
ˬʵĴЦڶ
ȫڼСѡ
ʵҲǡ躮ʵǳ˵ȣƴû˵Сѹ
˿ȻôУŻȻ㡣
һҳǿƣƲסħҪӿ
ƣܺЦ𣿡
żҳЦŵһ
ôЦһ仰δ˵꣬ߺȻһЦ
ͼЦһ¡
һûסٶЦЦ֪ҳźйͷƤһ󷢽
תͷȥţŭӹȥ
㺦ң

ҳûڵг֣мһʣ̸֮Ҳǽ˸ס
ת׵Խȥʱͼ䡢ֱֱ
һ룬ҳû˵ֻջߵɲǣַһ˫ɫײϡ

ڤ۴˷ǰԭ򣬲йħĿŵͨɷ¡
Ĳ
ƫƫ͸λǰʱ㡣
֧Ǻͻѣܿǡ˼޹Ҳˡ
˭ɷȥĲãضȥ
Ϊ֮ĹϵгʶԴ˷ѣȴҲΪѰˡ
ħ׽ͽǻϹ
һⲻôݾߡ
ƳԸǰ硣
ǡ躮ȥҽΪҽΣڡ
Ʋ룬ɷһ£ƱҪְ¡
ҳͬվߡ
ֻҪץסɷҲô׵¡

ڼһľϣơ
ħУñȶҾͽŵġ
ڼĿŵҳǱߡ
СѸϵ
˹ϵΣҳվߣΪɷֽ񲻿СǸûӮԡ
ƳԽȥȴ
Ȼǡڴʱųǽ˰ɡ
ԣҳһͬʱתš
Ũü΢壬Ϊʲô
˵ҲӦվߡ
ҡͷˣǻҪ
˵꣬Խۡ
ҳšü
ֻŽŵǻҪǰμʢᣬԴ»ǽɡ
ҳûֱӿᵽ£ǡþΪڤۺڼڣ˿ȴ
ƾѣҲĬȥ
ɴ˴ʢûô򵥣ʶͬһȷʵûʱȥ̽¡
ҳԴһ֪δŪҲ˼ʱ
ͼƴȥͷͳѯʡ
Ǻʱǰ磿

ƵĻһҳҪѾ
ֻԽڡ
ҳɫһ࿴ȥڼǸģֱɫ
ãڼĿתǰ
Խ΢תڤۿҪ뱾ͬ
ڤ۳ԣڼȻЦ£֮á
˵ţ˿ҳ
ȻҳȴЦ
ڤ֮С롯ڡ
ڼ˵꣬ڤ۳ۣ躮һ˲
ߣڼ˵һ䣬񻹲һˡ
Ƹоõ躮ͶԷϵƺȴ躮һЦûԼֻȥڼͬ˭
ڼҽ
żһҽʱ;ˣ˰
ǹҽЩ£ƾͻˡ
ڼƲһۣû˵
ҳҽڴˣҪȥ
ô˫˷ֿǰͱˡ躮͡롯ĳ档
ôˣҪһǰ磬мûӦ
Խδ
躮ڿϳԣæӦĻһȰ
ԣҳɨȥƼһգʾ⣬治Цġ
תͷȥơ
һõˡ
ҳѭȥ
ֻڼ
ڤۿɽ֮


91 
ҳƺڼһһͽú޲ھͳǱޣһһٶ
֮£ֻȥڤۡ
ƿ¶Ĵڡ
ֻҪڤ۲ԣͻԲȥ
һٶҲǰ׷ѡ
Ȼҳȥһɲȷʵʵڵͬ˫ɫײ˸ţ״۽ޡ
ֻںڤ۸ҽ
ҳǼٺ棬ˡ
żڼԣƽžͳڤ˹ȥ
һȥģڡ
Ǿ̫ˡ
ƺȻ˵һ䣬ˣٵһȰɡ
ҽһҲõлԷ˳뿴ܹɾͽħйģǺͷ۵
ڼƳһۣûн˵ȥ
Ϊڼ֣˵ɽ롯󣬲ʱڤ۵ת
յڤۿߣڼƬ̺ʼ硣
Ǿ仰
롯ڤˡ

˵ڼȷʵΪҽʥӣʯдǣڤҲǲ๡
Ϊһ֪νС£ȥˡ
һӣʯǡ롯żȻãһ㣬ǽ˴֡
˵롯ΪΣڼΪƾӣʯҲʵЩϡ
˼ˣȥ˼
ڤ۾ϼɡ
ڼһĬ
ԽҲڴʱڣߡ
⻰һԭڴܹһ۹ҽɵ¡
Ÿ
ҳǴɿ
Խ˵ߣôǲڤͬˡ
ţҳԹ˹ǣԽ档
ʶڼס
Сѣͷ
ҳͣ£ĿɨһۣǣһǳǳĻȣȻЦȴ쳣䡣
¶ˣڼҳɫ
ڼҲֲ־ˡ
̬ͬڡ躮̵ƣȻһ֮ͬС
һ߳ҲŻڼ΢ɲİ˰

Խһ뿪
ڼͬڤһ뿪ħ磬ڼʲôûʡ
ҴѾ³ˡ
йغӣʯһ±ڼԺ󣬻ڤ;УתһǺʱǰ磿
ĬΣֻڤ۵ٵȵȡ
ڼüһûɣŵڤ浱Ҫ
Ǽһϴκ͡躮֣ڼһ󲻿졣
һΣȴûش
ٲȻҪġ

硣
ħǰģֻڲħԼһ̲󣬶ҲҳӴˡ
˵磬ӽĤһ·δؽĤĶЩˣһ֪߲æÿǰ·
Щ˭иСԶԶǰ˿ѯͷ졣
ħ˭ͷ𻰣˸ˡ
ħǣСһ
˵˵ţҲ˻ͷ׷׿ʼֹĶò˰ɣħҲȫˡ
ɲǣΪʢỹվҪʼˣȻˡ
ֻˣ˿ˣ
ڤδ˰
***
ԽֱӾʹȥ
ģһħˣȫСĽ
ħ˵ĴţԶ½ħһǺ̵Ĵʣû˸ǡ
Ůֹֻȴܹˮ
ִĵǿסӹӭġ
ֻǹһ󣬾ûٶ
ˮҲܿ͵
ӭħʥݡˮһϮոµĻɫü۶ϲЦʱ¶һûжپн
ԽҲֻɨһۡ
ˮͷֶƺһſҳвɰû˭
Ͷ躮ƷǳǰߵĻ
һħ֮һƽ̬ȶˣˮҲ͸ӽҳͷʾ⡣
ҳֻ
չ죬ԺĴ䡣
һĿƳͣ»ͷƲţЦЦһ
ףЦð
ƣô˵ˡ
Ļһ䣬ŻԵġ躮ͻȻߵһߣԶԶˡ
ƣ
ҳԽ࣬Ҳơŷֿ

˵ĶԻˮв˼
ţҲȥ´ˡ躮
ħԺʱôһλˣһʢƺûм
һĻôôЩϤ
ȸڡ䡯һ`ȥȴúɫ
ȻˮţͲһĿͶ˹
ˮһתͷȥ
ħߵλ
ĿײˮԷеĺ壬æ˼
˲ˡ
䡯ûħ𻤷ô׺ݵ
ˮĬĬΪԼŵĸо˸ۡ


һ˵ܷʱ
ҳͬơŶ˵ڵ⡣
ۻôȥ
żư˰֣ȥġ
˵һͨĳ滰һĬԶԣ棬ίʵ̫ȤҲۻˡ
ţԶЦ

ˮŰħ˵к󣬷͵㿴Щ
ˮӦȸˡ
⻰ˮæӦŵ
ȸˡ
һֱʡ䡯䣬䡯ڣˮͱӦˡ
ˮٶ룬ȥ
Ȼȥһŭĺ

˱ڵš
ҳǵˮǵסźãȸԷֿ뿪磬ڤȥ
ʢἴʼڤ˳ٳδ˿ࡣ
뵽ΪһˣŻӡ
ҳҲò
û룬ǻδȵˮ
Ⱥǰĳȸ
ƣȸǺƺ죬ͶԷ
ҳȥʱȸ֪һѼ
ɫļҫ£â˹
һΣҪͷͱ𣿡һ˵ţǲҲ˳ȸһ߰Ѽڿ»¡
ֻ˫ɫת˷ܵɡ

ơޡһɤӾ͵ʲôأ
˵ţħӿ
ȸΪˣŴЦ
ˮʱľ˽žҪĳ档
²ã
˱£ûסȸ衣
Ψסˣ˿̲
뵽֪ȥ˵ġ䡯ˮϣֹ֣ܳסȸʼķΪ
ҴܳȥҪס֡
ס
Ȼˮδ˵꣬ȸٿͣ˶
ˮȥ
ֻȸ˼ħߵλǰ
лૡ
С仹ҪÿĴˡ


92 
ȸ仰бڿּƵƣڿƬ̣һԵҲ֮
ֻҳüݺһšõĳȸȥ

ͬ߶ϣȸЦ⡣
ۿҪҳǰ
һĻˮд󾪡
ȸϲˣʶڡ䡯߻ƣƵҲȷʵǰé
ȴ䡯˪ʣԼʱɢžǧ֮ĮʱһԵΪ˲ôýӽ
ǰλħ𻤷ͬüۡâ¶ԣƺǡ
ˮû꣬۾ͽȻ
ŴЦĳȸ벻ͱһӳȥ
ԶġҳҲǣ𴽽ǣűޱȻַ
Ų֪νˡĳȸдһ˿塣
ҳ΢̧һ˦ǱޣһĨЦ
żˮͷƤһ飬̱ȥȸ
Ȼͼ˫ɫͬɲǼ䱻һ㣬¶ζҲزס
ƢҲȸԹԵһЦͬҳк˵һ䣺ˡ

ƱΪͬһ˵ᱻȸһ
ֻԷһͷ췢ʾһȤӳμ͵ˡ
û뵽ǣγȸһ¶棬עȫܵˡ躮ϡ
龰ƱһԹۡ
ˮҲʱλ⡭
ȥ³ȸǿ϶ǲеġ
֪óȻȥһ׼ᱻˮ֪Ȥûдյ˵սС
ˮ˿λħ𻤷ÿһλӱ޵ĸɾ䣬ޱȡ
ЩĳȸԺһǾ͡
˼ˣˮλħ˳棬ԺҪ˵
ȻĻδ£ֻƵ˵ãԺҪǳȸˣɲ躮°
ס
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Ȼ⻰ĳȸһ˲ͻɫ̧°ͣ߰ɣȥС䡣

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⼸ĳΣڰûи˵ǣȷڼ
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ڼȹҽ

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ĳֻվڰֱֱһԣ·˵ĶԻ
ڼҽƣΪºôܿҡ
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3.2
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߷ˣơŶǿǡ
񣿡ǰ
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ҳƾûܴͷ
׼˵ҳڼٿȻ֣ɷ֪СѺڣ 


93 
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ȸҴ

š
ͼԶһɫӰߡ
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ſ˳ȸһۡ
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סˮ
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ҼһСʮ񣬿Ҫһȥ 


94 
ҳųȸ縲˪ѩһ˿¶Ҳޡ
ȻߵĳȸֻΪ䡯ڶƻһ׷Աȥһؽڣü塣
֪ڿȸ˫ɫɫת
лвٶڲݴ͵С꣬׷׽ԼɪɪСųһš
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죬ȸ˵ġС䡯˰ɡ
Ĵˣѡ䡯ϸϸɨһ飬ĵϴ뿪ƽʹˡ
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ɵĸΪ֮ʱ˾㶼Ѿע⵽ˡ
ԶԶͿǸһϮɫӰҳͬˮһƵ󷽹
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ҳȻϣΪĿĽ㣬쵭һ䣺ɡ
żһĨЦûټ
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Թ۵ˮһᵽ˱´䡯ƫ
ͬᵽģǵеˡ
ҳתԵʱ˳Ƴߺڡ
˹۲ҳҳҲڹ۲ˡ
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ĽǱŵģĽݻһˡһλӣǶμչࡣ
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ԽŮƺҲ˿ȥźһ˫䡣
ħλħ˺ûд硣
ҳڿˮ߹ͬ˵뵽ʲôһ䣬ħ绹һλˡ
ҳû˵̶˵Ŀ⣬תһࡣ
ڤһǽշŵģˮ˵λˣԺ
ҳԭûаĻϣ˿Բššüͷ
˵ʲô

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95 
λħˡ
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ȻҳδջأĿУԶһǳɫĽԶ
Խ߽ɫ
ҳǱ߿ۡ
15Ľȡ
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˺ܿ
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ԣԽ
š
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ԽعЩʱȥͬһ
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Щʱûж֣Ҳý
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³ɼһߡ
Ҳİ壬ȻįɸԲ֪мǳʱҪҸ˿ס
ѡȻʱ£ôֻС䡯ˮˡ
ΪǿסȸˮἱöͷðƬ̣Ŀ⿴䡯
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ԽԽþˮҳȥĿøΪС
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Сͽܹɵò񻰣ġǡ
ԴǵһޣһƾĴԽ̳
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ǴΣҳԼԼʱ
һǳЦ˿˿Цһ
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Ĭһ˲ҳ̧ͷ
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һ仰ͺˡ
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ǰǾ䡮ôʱڴ롮½ɫҳ˽ȥ
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ֹҪռ˲䣬ҲͬҪ顢飬Щȫˡ
յ˵ͬʱҪԵĿϵĸ
УͬģҳҲȵУŻԷʱ
ʦ
֪ѡ
***
뿪
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СͽлҵϢȹ˺󣬽֣պвð
ҳЦظǣʦ𣬵֪ˣպ󶨲ʦġ
ʵҲð
ҳ;ԪӤκһ׶εĽףȻܹеĶȡ
ڽףҲ޲ɡڡ䡯躮롯㶼ڵʵ£½ֻǱѹ˶ѡ
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״ҳһ٣æҪ
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Ъҳü֮
Ľݻ˰֣̥ë¡
˼ؾʱĽݻϰϢ֮
ԭˡҳͷ
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˽̸һҳ룬˵Ľһǰ
гϯ˶
ΪĽȴĽݻǰ
ҳСԷֻܾЩΡ
Ľݻ𣬵˵Ľңǻˡ
ĽҼˣ

ҳһֱ硢ħ硢ڤ磬б
йµĶ򶼲ö֪
һϢҳⲻ𾪵ġ
ϴһУĽҼ岢ʲôĽݲǿ彡λĽҽڵĽݻС
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ҳüҽΣ
˵ʿ岻ЩСʹĴڣҪУô͡
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·Ա
ڴĽݻڶһĽҼҲΣĽĽݲºѸĽݻƿסˡ
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Ľݻͬһۣ԰׵ϴ˿ǺѪɫҲЦŵģ˵˾Ƕɡ
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Ľݻҽ
ҳһʱ嶯ΪǺȻǵġ10Ľ
ĽݻཻĺѣȻ֪˴£Ȼܾʹ˵ʲô֪
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һ䣬ҳ͸оڤ۵Ŀ䵽ϣҲ̧׿ȥٿȻͶһ˫Եɫǳͫ

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ûдϸܵԼѹûзֶԷϵϢǲֱܷ棬˾ʲô
Ȼֻźһƴдÿ·

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ڤۡĽݻһţע⵽ǵɫӰͬԷ
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ڤλףĽݻҳԵλá
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ðǰһ¿ҽ˰æʱĽݻתأʱҽõĽҵĵطĽҶ
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Ҳ˵պǹҽ󣬲ǺĽҶ߾ȫɣ÷ڡ
һ֮ܲʱĵĿ飬Ǿ͵ͬɽʧܣ֮»ɢǿܡ
ҳĽݹ²ֱ˵
ԣĽݻ԰׵ֳһĨɫ½𣬹ҽɻˣֻҪһڡ
ҩȵҽɶԴ
Ľݻڡ
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ڤۣ֢Ρ

ڤ紫ţҽҽȴֻ֢Ĺء
ҳ֪Ľݼ˿ӦѾ޽ʶؾûжᡣ
û룬ᡣ
ڤȴڡ
Ȼ˼롯Ĺͱڤ۸ˣҳһʱʧҲδڤἰ±ʾʲô
ͼĽݻƫ˿ڤۣͷȷʵ֢
˵ţĿ׼ҳҸؼҩȵҽɶܲ̽ʲô
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Ľݻҽżǻ鲻䣬ǸȻӣʱͰͬ˵ĽݲĲ֢Ρ
ҳֻȥĽݻӹĿ⣬һ
ڤҲڿҽ
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ڼǸСѡӻöˡ
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⻰ĽݻҲ˳ƵǾ͹ҽʢһǰһĽˡ
һ˵Ľݻվҳ˸
ҳͬʱվĽݹӺ
˳뵽ҽԸͬǰ磬Ľݻûٶͣ۷
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һʱ䣬ֻʣҳڤ۶ˡ
ҳţһΪݵĻֲ뼫ԵıҶһҩȥѰһЩ
УҶֻͬڤС
ϣʮҩЧȫߵҩģƳһֵҩҳϵͳǱ߿ĵ
ǵϣδעҩƣҩЧҲޡ
ǰҳţʲôʱͽЩҩ룬񻹲ʮζҩݾ֮һ
ڿôΪ
ڤۿŶ
ҳ΢Ҫ˵
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ҳŴĶһͣʣոҪ˵Ļ˻ȥ
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ڤۣǱ۱㡣
ʢգʱǰĸˣٲ˶Ҫϯʢᡣ
ҳͷڤô˵Ҳûʲôԣʱɲֹڼһ˻ϯǡ

ţ塣
ڼմţУס
ǻûڼأƮĹͣ
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䵽ڼǰ
ڼü
ڼ飬뵽Լ֮ǰʹĳ棬Ƥ˳飬漴Ŀ⿴ڼ
ӾϻˡԣҲģڼɨš
ڼǣȻ
ԣɫ
Ϊβȥһ˵Լͷӿа˳ϳ
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ںͬ𣬡㡪ȥġ
ʱڼѾ˴ԭħߵλˣǱŵ˻塣
ţţڼ֪ͬ㣬ҲȥС档
գתϣڼӰʧԭء

ҳͬڤǱߡ٣漴ͳȥ
ϡ
ƿ϶ҹ

һҳԤǰ㡣
ҳյûãƺž˹Ӧôֲ֪ĵһЩʱ䡣
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Ȼ롯ȥģڤȻ֪ʱʢϲҲԵȥѰһʱʱ䣬Ҳܽ͡
һݵȥɽҳͬ˵ʱɫͲ١
벻롭ĥţڡ躮鲻ǻҪҪһ
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꣬δڣͬǰһͬдһ
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ųЦǲŵƵζ档
ˣҳһƬյء
һֱȿ˫ԽٳǴһã״̬
ΪͻȻҪ
ԽԽЩԣ˼ţ̧°͡
͡躮𡣡ĬĬ˵һ䣬ôȻͻţмȱһڲڳ
ţҳǱ
ͬʱһ׶ħŻԣ˿ֻûš
ҳ´

ڼۣ˲壬ŽдǰμʢǴҵ
һ;ǿħڿн֯
һڼϤ
Сѡ
֪躮ϢڼҲӿ˶ݹͳħķ˹ȥ

֡ҳһͬŽ֣һߵ
Ʊ߳һ󾳽磬˺ڵΪȴֻкڡ
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ҳӦ۾ͳŽһЦлʦ𡣡
˵ţ˿߽Ļͯڵȥ
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Ҫһ˵ꡣ
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ƽʽĵʮҳԼĶϵͳжЧȴΪģҳǶŽſĻͯһЦһ顣
ͯͷ½ʦָĵúܺãǰҼʦá
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102 
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˽ԷƢԣˮ۾ЦˣһĨ⣬٩һδ˾ŹʵЩ档
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103 
ʢῪʼǰμ֮˴󲿷ֶȸ϶躮ضħ
Ҳҳˡ
ۿǵӰڣҳ΢١
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䡯͡躮Զͬһʱֵˡ
Ҫһ㡣
ҳ̼ǵóȸ˵䡯͡躮㣬ټϺִ뿴ֵӣ̬һ˿΢غϱȸԼˡ
Ȼʡò䣬
ۡ䡯躮ǡ½롯ҳһˡ
գ򴽣ȸੲݡ
ȻȸϷŹ׷
ҳƳһֱۣԶȥ

ʹ״̬ȣȸӦҳˡ
ӳԶҳŻ
λ΢Щƫҳ˸ȸعת
ϢŵüἫͣԼ˹޵֮ȷγȸΡӦǶٲ׽Ϣ
徻Ҳû£ҳŽΪȥҡ躮ԭ
ڵļֺıȡ鿴
ҳһʱûзӦǴĸĵؽ硣
ֻǵѻҳϢͻȻһңҲŸ
˲ӣŽн˶ߡ
ҳҪͣʱ͵ײһƬŨС
Ǻmĵؽˡ 


104 
˵λñȽƫômλı߽硣
Ⲣ嵡Ǽİ轨Ҳȫģ뼸λһ֮Ϊ
罭סԵģ϶Էڵϰԡ
Խڵ޴͸ŻԻʹиྦྷʯ̾Ͷɵĵذħɣħӵѳ
m˼塣
֪Ӻε֪ڤϲá
ҳ֪һЩԷϲĳأԺmһƬˮ԰
ֻǣҳΧʱ΢΢Ȼһ˲
ڤô档
Ŀ֮һƬããİ⣬ҳǸöţʾš3.2Ľ
ϷۣǸɫĽȻ˶
״ҳСĵƲͷ֪
ʱ
ϵͳʾ
 5
ҳһϵͳ֮򿪡
ǵġӦò֪˦ȥĳȸ
ߵܽϣʾš50
бгȴ⣬ڶͻ50ġ
ţһԶƽЦڶһ
漴һϷʵĻ
˭ҵСܵˣ

رԭͣҳ͡
뵽ڤ۵ʵܹһۿҲʲôϡ£˼ˣҳɵĹǰһ
Ϊ˱ҳ΢תǸڷλƫһ磬ڤۡ
Ȼһ˲ҳЦһ
βЩ죬Уŵƿһеζ档
ҳɫšüͷֻȻɫһ˿쳣
ڤ۲δ
ǸƺԶЩֺûƶ֣ҳƳ۾ջĿ⣬ֻڤ۵Ļ
ߵģ
ҳǡ
վг棬һֱڷࡣ
ڤ֪ʡ
֪֪ҳδʾʲôֻŲ֪ڤڴˣڤۼ£뿪
˵ܷ꣬·žһ˲
ûڤ˵ҳ£뺣m෴ĵطȥ
ȫڷֵ֪ĵط̫ϸڣҲʵҳԺһ˲
˭뵽ڻͯǰʾƽʽʱַϳ⡣
նɽʱΪͻƺڵ׽ٻǿᣬҳŻ
ȻǡñʱڳĽ۵ףһʱжԷȥ
ţҳٶһͬ
ʲô
***
˼ϣҳ˻Դһ󣬱㳯ܷȥˡ
ϾҪǰʥأڴ˵ص̫á
ȥʱ򣬳ȸڵˡ

Ϊ䡯Ʊػۻܷ
ȸҲܷˣûëûš
ˮɫҲǰˡ
ֻа롮䡯ȥˣôûȸһ
ʱԶһɫӰ쿿ˮǰһ䡯˻ˡ
ȸӦѸתͷͬҳֿЦǰûΪź˦о
һС䣡
һֱΧˮסզࡣ
֪ȸϲŭ޳û뵽Ʊ䡣
ٿ˿²죬̬ȻˣĮ˪ɫľգˮҡͷ
ҪǺƤһ㣬ʱʱң룺ҲԸġ
ҳûкĳȸƳһװˮ׵ˣ
ˮͷǣλϾڵС
ֻ쵽룬˼ǰ񹬡
ҳӺһġšǰվ

˺ܿ½ǰ
ˮеţʱҪȸǱƳȥһۣºֲ֡
ۼŲѾȫܷ
ˮʿˮǺȻһ亹
ˣھֻ졢ˮ죬Լȸεδˡ
ʲôʲô
δ壬ĸǺͳȸЩһ˲СԹ
ǰûײϣԲŰ졣
ȴǱ޿ɱˡ
˭֪Щ˻᲻ֳʲô
ĬĬˮָ˿ڡ
˭Ҳ֪ȸֳʲôŶԡ
ƳͷβȻվŵġ䡯ˮ԰Щġ

ҳȻƼˮǱƵƵͶߣֻǲûʲô̬
Ҫʱסȸ
뵽ȵ˼Ǳ޻֮ǽڼССĳ˳ϣίʵЩ׳
Ҳǳȸ
ȵôҳ
Ҳȥߞ˵ҳͬߞͨȻܹ֪ߞȵĶС
ؾǱƳߞҪڡ

¼ĵˣȸʲô塢ȸ塢ˮȫȻںѹûаǷϡ
ҳ˵лС䣬ӦҰɡ
á䡯ȥ躮ȸֵ쳣ִţִ
ҳ˲ʧ˶Գȸͬ飬бȥȥ
ȸΪΣ
䡯ȥȸûҪֻҪá躮Ŀԣĳɹʸ΢΢
ԳȸĿŵˡ䡯ϡ
κȤ飬ȸ뾡취Ϊ˲ϧһдۣСӦǡ
Ȼҳ⣬Ҳ⣬ҪȸԵ䲻ʵʵͷ̫Զ
ȸ¶ɻĿ⡣
ҳĬȻĴƲɿڡ
һ룬ȸȥ
ҳ˶٣תͷȥ
ȸһ飺ħԶ
ȷʵԶǱ֮磬ƺҪһЩġȸЩҳȴһ
ҳҲµġ
µģ
ش𣬳ȸ׽֣һ΢ʱʱ֡
κֻЦ
żЦˮһӾͷ̬
ȻֻҪС䡯ڣȸᷢ衣
˼㣬ˮĵЦˡ

ȸȻЦùЦԽԽ
ҳԣȴҲᡣ
ȸƫƫҪע⵽ԼЦաֱҪ̧ҳϿȥˣҳ΢һͶ˹ȥ
ȸҲգЦۣСٲ²¡
ҳƳ
ȸһЦ²ҪôܰŪȥħ磿
ҳ΢ǣǣܡ
͵˵ˮһ٣ĵȸȥħˣ
˵ƳȸĳУˮҲһ˼㽫֮Ժ
ȸɲģС²°ɡ
ԣҳĬ
ȸҪ˵Զ
˿ȥ
ͼͷģˮһ۾Ͱ˳
컹ˮ죬ӽȸβõ졣
ȸɱһνȸ죬˽ȸųһ΢ĩѪ壬ʶһ־ͱΪ졣
һȥȸҵһʻ㲻Ķϡ
ԿǣǶڰһһѵóֵɱĳȸжôߺޡ
Ǻ޲⡢Ѫ
ȫһˮۡ

ҳҲſȥ
Ȼȸǿһ㣬ɶҳС²°ɡ
ûа裬ֺá
ǰ״ͷЦһȸ
ϻˮ˵žͳ˦һˮ
ҳɫһݣת˲ٳߞڡ
ܷǰݶȷ


105 
ߞһ˲㽫ˮĹ
ǰⷨˮо
忴ˣ
Ƕ롣
ֻſڣٿػһԭͣ³һسţתΪһͫЩѪ¶ȿԣҵֻҳȸ°ˣɲҪᡣ
ˮǸƢɨһҳǸʲô
ȸΣǶš
Ϊȸǿڴ˳಻ķϲǰ̬ȣ֮⼸ա䡯ʱʶ˶δüǶû˽⡣
ˮǸˮ죬Ȼ˵յһУĿ¶˿
ºϽʱš䡯ߵģǰԺ߹һ
;˵³岻Զˡ
ˮһȣһλûһ˸ɫ׵Ĺ򣬾һСķ籩ʼܷ⴦ӣֱֱųȸǱߡ
ǿˮֻǽ˸ס

Ǳ˸ףɴʱˮȴܲʾǲǰʣλҪʲô
ƳƳԭˮ
ֵֻһ䣺ֻҳȸдд裬⡣
˹ǰӦ֮ߣֻ˵ҳȸд裬ʱʹȫͳһھʲô»һ
ɳȸǱ߾Ͳ˵ˡ
˵ս˽Ŀ˳ȸЦζζΣ
ڱ˵޷ǱɰˣҪ
ŵ˳ȸϣڿ̡
μŭȸıϣν¯ࡣ
׼Ƣԣͼˮйľ粻Ϲ˺һа㣬ССһţѿ
ˮһڣΣҿһΣû׼ҪҲ˵
Ż׼֣˿ȴ༤
ҳɨƺĽȸ죬Ǳˮǿ£
Ͼ
ȸһ첻ڵĵλ
ʶͳȸ֮䲢ڳԹȸĳ޲ܴġ

ͬˮֻŰìͷ׼˳ȸȫûаҳˮ˷ǵųȸǼȳ֡
ʵϣҲ׼˺ߵƢԡ
ˮĨ˰亹ȥƳƳȸ顣
缸һԤıǰ㡣
ȸ֪һ䣬ϵɫ·ŭɫͫ˸ֱֱɨˮ졣
飬ˮһϲϵЦ͸ˣʮ㡣
ųȸ̲ס֣Ŀⲻңлڡ˻˻š
ȸҲԵĹһƵЦվͬһϡ
ʱ˿ֻ̣ȸⲻ³İޱȡ
Ϣʼ궯
˫ֱ·ִͣսһļơ
ֻŴñóȸЩͷʱٰλ
һ룬ֻһ
ȸϵŭһɨա
侲㡣
վڳȸһԵҳˡ
ˮתͷȥ
С䣿
ȸüȻŵģȴתҳٶȰԺ
ҳƽģһȥҡ

˴ŵ⣬ҳһ۾Ϳˡ
ˮǷ˵˼ֻǲö˵ʲô
һסȸͰա
ڶ㣬һҲȷʵܹġ
ȸüëղ㣡
һ˵ȸҳҲͽ̧𣬾׼ָ򷽲ųҳ˵ˮ졣
ˮŭˣת˲˵ķȥ
ټˮΪӹһָűӡ
ȸ¾ڶࡣ
ҳ͹˲ٺͳȸ˵ǰһֱӭϳĹ
ߞǹײϡ
йЮһɼΪ˵Ӧˮľ֮࣬ߞײɽһ𻨣˳Žӡһ·ӣֱϮҳġ
ɫĵӳҳϣʱʱĹӰĵ
ˮƺڹԴԴϼҳߞ顣
Էʵ
ӦǺڵĴ

ʱȣҳ䡯ΪڣˮʵƺԶֹڴˡ
ֻƺܹԶ̲ٿǸѾ˹Ĺһǿɨ
ҳơ
ˮվ˿ҲǲûдԹۣһɲС壬Ҫֿˮһҳϴȥ
ȻѹϮɲǣȸӰһҳĺӹ
ȸһ͵ػӳһ磬ѹɢһһǴӿмģѹüͼ㡢ҡ
ͬʱȸ˵ˮ죬ջ˱Ͳġҳϵעתȸ
ҳҲһ˲һٿȻߞƣһ̶ļХߞ쳹һƬ

һߣܷûãŶʱ峤ºϣϤĽһ
Ϥ
ǰѸߞɽġ
ºͷƤһЩӲС̧ͷȥ˿ԭɢϵı¡
Ȼֻüһ̺½ǣϡɼâ
ҪȥĻбµӰ
***
Уʱߵ˼ߞһ壬֮ǶԺ㣬кȫ
º϶ߞνǻĪԡ䡯Ҳ
ϴһ£Ҳû˸⴫ȥ
Ҳ첻֪ߞɽѱƳһԭ
ûжעҳϣֻǽʱ˶˴üֳȥǰߣĿ䵽˶Էϡ
ҳ˿̽ѵߞһ˦
ˮʵ߳࣬ԷӦʮɵǹίʵ
жҪ׵뷨ڴ˿ӿǰδеǿҡ
ʲô
ȸ˿״γҳյߞ˿Ϥ
ǽϵĺɫ·
ߞɽ쾪˾˼ЩģȸĹ
ϺָצϮ̻ӱ۸񵲡
ȸһצץ죬ɫͫв˸Ѫ⣬ĩ̽һɺ򴽰ꡣ
ۣȸ״̬
˺һԽһһиΪ

췽˵ġߞɽʱˮҲĿƵߞߞɽ
˵䣬Щ˷ܡ
ߞɽ
ǿǲɶõ
뵽ˮֹ߱ס¶̰
̰ζҳɫ䡣
ˮ˶뵽ʲôҲȰˡ
ȫȨʱƿţ⼸ܷԵ췣
ǰݵ̫ãǻΪڵ壬ǰ塣
˼ˣˮأҡҡͷ

ѽһ
ǿ޳ܵĻˮ˵˳ԾĴˮԾӵԳơ
ҳЦ£ǵĻȱ
ˮ
Ȼߞ
˼Цˮһ̾תˮ֮ˮԵ
׼Ӳˡ

ҳ˿ˮתۼ뷽һģһĹɫһ
״ˮҲźۼĵϵ
ΪжߣóȻȥ϶ᱻˮһͽԷӣɲǻɵܹܵݡ
ˮҲֻţܰһһ㡣
Ͼܡ䡯ǲǱ¿еˣȴǺϲСꡣ
ˮôҲû뵽ǡ
ˮ쾹޳ܡ
ǿߞҲ䲻䣡

ߵĽ̸˲ϢˮеĹ۳ͣžҪҳȥ

ҳɫ
ȷʵЩ֣ߞս֣ıһ˲ָ糣ֻӭȥǣ
ͬһʱ䣬һһϮ
ˮһЦ
Źҹȥ̺ʮʮ壬ҲӲߞɽ֣ҲҪ˶ԷС
Ȼת֮䣬ˮЦݽϡ
ֻһһӰǰɾͽ
νǲѴ֮

ȴ֪ʱĲĳȸұߵģ́־ͽ󱬣һƺɫָ
ǵδͻΪɢڿУûһ˿һĲ
ˮ˲ڵǵδüȥļȽǣݡ¡
һߣ̧Ͱˮ˳ȥ˭ĵӣڴ˷
вȴǡѹȡ
ͷµѹϮˮֻؿһͣ
ӳ˲䣬ԶͻȻʧȥ˶ֵ켴̷Ӧμ
ĶֻδڣҲͬˮһԱȷ˳ȥ³һѪ
ŷѹ壬˿챻ɹһˮ˫ѹȣԲֹ
ÿȳһѪҺ˳ʶ¡
ҲǰĽȸͣϵĺëж
ոաӦûʲôɡ
֪´˿鶨ǺܲˮҲϢˣæſǰ
Ѫѹ£Ǹֱ
һ˲䣬ܵвıܽ˹ġ
¡ˡ
Ϣŭ

ܷС
ȥˣһλϿ
ͬʱһ뷢԰׵ĳϷ淢ʲô˳֡
ǷĴϣ֡
µĸмȥǳʲô£ŵ峤º϶ðǺȥ֡
ĺ㣬˿ȴҲ˲ԣüͷһ塣
ߞϵá
С䡣
ƳƳ׽һ뿪˴ı£
бڣӦ¡

С䣬˵ô˲źá
ˮĲУ䵭
żҳ̧̧ס
ȸԺɱ
ҳ˿ֽߞ˻ȥû˵
ˮҿºͳȸĬĬտʢᡣ
˼Ѫ˼Ѫ

ȫûϵǸվˮԱߣһۿһòˣȴʵӦǿġ
Ϊȸֻǿòڴͬ˵
ʱżµС䡯ڵϵˮ켹ʼ
˵˭
Ȼ¶ҪԷȻ˿̵̬ȡƺΪ⣬Ȼػ
ҳ򴽣˿ȸǸˮͷųһˡ60Ľ
ּ£ĽҲˡ35
бûʲôŭֻԴ˶˵޳оЩۡ
Ϊļȸ嶯ŭģ뽫ߞռΪС
ȸ˵ġɱڷйһ飬˼ɱһ˲ûʲô˵ġ
һһˮûˣǿԾټˡ
ȥ޻أҲƱز˵ʲô
ʱڶ
Ͼ֮λ֮͵ĴڣĻ˼ΪײʡûĶͷ
֮λ֪ٸͷͶЩǷǷ˽͸ܹһƿģ֮
㣺ˣǱ㡭

ˮŵøεѣ¾ȸ˵Ҫɱˡ
ǵ͵ɱ˲ɷɱ
һ𣬡

ҳһ̳ˡ
ո춼ڣҼ֮Ǽλϣˮ浣ı»нȴҲܿ顣
ɫҳҲ֪ʢҪŻԴϡ
ҳڡ
㾹Ͳټ
ڵϵ˾㶼¶һٺı飬ͬʱԿڱǰӰһ㡣
ȴǾãǸɵġ
Ȼ顣
˵ʹͷʵʵţʵƲϡ
þˡ

ҳʲôԵ±Թ֮ˣοˮոЩҪ
ɨ۶ˣ㿴㻽¡
΢̧
ȸʱŵС䣬Ҫ飿
ȸǳϲЩϲСˡ
ҳǿһ̶ۣŴ

ԭϣ׼һ϶𰸵͵һ̧ͷҳۿ켸Ҫѿ
Ƕ˻ʵѹڵÿһÿһǶԶǼ尾˿̵ҳĿѡ
ҳȴһ񶼲ٸǣֻ䶪һ䣺ʢд˲١
ԣȸ˫ĿŹ⣬ʱϲЦտ
֪ȻϲСˡ
㵹û뵽ҳڴʱʢᡣ
һ˼ͨ˹ϡ
Сǹء
ˮ챻ٲҪӦȺһЩʱ䡣
գȻʡ
ţҳֻողǹĽ˿һγԾ
ͣڡ40档
ҹԡȻ鴫


106 
ǡڴʱڴܷ߳ķֵˣֻüҳһ仰
߳ͼһֱٳٲӰ塢ȸ塢ˮ壬˿˹ڵء
ǰ״һĿȻ˵˶˱²졣
ֻʢڼʵãȴڱ˾˳
żֶҳӡ󣬽ƾһͦεıӰͻ˺øжȣǡ
ϧǣԷҳռΧ
Ҳ֪ˡ

ҳ˵ģ׼ʱŹˡ
߳ķмλ֪ƢԣǰȰ
һԲȴɻ𣬻δ߽ķ׸͵Ϸ֮λ
˵ţȻҳһ࣬˶٣ֽŵλСԼǣʢж˵֮ﲻ١
һڣˮ˲˼
׷ֵĻҪſڡ
ǿûе£
ȻΪԼ粵ףĺ˵Ǳôˡ

һΪƢá׷׸֮̾ʡ
Ϣջ˻ѹڶϵ壬С
ͽˮΡΡ̱ڵء
Ϊڸвͣȴʼն˸׵Ľȸ죬֪һӿбһɨڵ̱ŵˡ
ȸ죺λรɡ
ԭȸСڱǵĴڡ
ͬԼȸڶҪΪͷλ
գӹһ٣ӦѸٸܷĽȸ졢ݵΪԼ뷨أͬĵ˵ͷ
峤֮нȸҳ㶼ѡߡ

ҳ˿֪Լôǹȸģǰʥص;У̵ᵽ˳ȸ
С䡣
ֻȸϳһҡĸϣʱʱЦ
ƳһǰУŴһ̬˷ԶɢһɲͬѰʡ
ջĿҳǲżȸһ仰Ͷסˡ
ȸСܵӡ
ҳŲ͵һͣסĺ䣬졣
ȸԹԱ죬˫תֱҳʡΪʲôҪ졯

ҳҲ벻
ȸֱ񣬵ǿභҲҵ͡躮ƴ
룬ҳʳһ䣺񣿡
ʻֻûͷûβȻڳȸУȴǰһС֪Ҫ˵ʲô
ҳû
˵ȸͣƬ̣źۼĴǰҳСͬһ䣬ﶼ񡣡
ԣҳֻͻͻ
ȸ
ҳҪ˵ǰڻ
ûôǰС䡯
ҳʱɴ⣬ֻɫԣ̧ȥ
ͽȸǰں󷽡

ҳһ࣬׿˿ķ㡣
Ե˵ӣ󱻾޴ڵסߣ˲ľٶ
ҳ£
üһҪȸ˵

⻰ҳЩԡ
˵Ľȫڶųȸԡ䡯˵ʱ˵Ŀǡ
ȥɡֻ˵ôһ䣬ҳȥˡ
ϾĻʣܵڻ˹ء
ҳ˻ȥͬʱյ˿Ŀ⡣
ֻǻȥһλá
Ȼȸ˵ôģҳҲ㲻ٶʣʲʲô
ȸԼܶƾһֱŷֵġ

ΰĹ̲ȫ򲻿˷ޡ
ڼѵʱ䲻Ǻܳ
ȫҳҲûüЩ
ΰݽ۷ֻʣһ񻶡
һղݡ
ȵպ󣬾˸뿪֮ʡ
ʱҳתݣŪ彭ڤۺʱ뿪ħǱ߱㲻ٲġ
ǰҳв²⡣
Ӧǽ뿪һƱʢĵһ۷
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***
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ĽݻҲӣֱԵ˿̹ҪҽǰȥΪҸһ
ˣҳĵ
ȻΪ˴¡
ҳȻܾ˵űĽݹ롣
ڰһͬĽݻš
ֱҷ߹ĽݻŷĴڣ͡
ӽⲻƬ̹ȻȴҲ̣ȻûзϢ
ĽݻĽݲԺȥ֮࣬ͬʱ뵽ҽͨȱˡ
˽ҹһЩҽʦͬҽΪ޲ߣȻҽȴ׿
ԾͬڰǻڹҽߵˣǼ򵥵һ䡮ܵܡĽݻҲ㲻ٶ˼
ҽɲ̽ʲôȴҲ֪˼ĪҪ̫ء
ĽݻĿһͣˡ
ҳŶס
ͣһǰ
ͼĽݻҪȥƷţʱһȺȻһŮţ

ҳתͷȥ
ĽӰ˼Ұˮɫ۷ɿ컮ǰͽĽݻŵ
Ů毺õϣƻ飬ۿġ
ȻǸտ޹
ֻ˵ɤӿ˵Ҳ
һ䣬Ľ˺⣬ҧгݵζŵ
Ǳ仰ȼˣδͣĽ͸ûˣΪǿǣǣ
ҳضסͬʲôһ㡣
Ľ岢ҳڴ˶ܻ䣬ֻһ޲Ľʲôвﻰⶼһ䡣
Ľݲ
ֱĽݼ䡣
Һʮ
ҳû뵽ĽҾΪ֪顣
ΪŮȻ޲ɱ
Ľȷʵ˱ֵģŵ񶼱ˡ
ΣֻĽݻ˿̻ڣĽһ梡
Υһ梡ĽǱռ˵Ĵ˲תۿĽݻؾͷ
ҵİ
ƾʲôô㣬Ȼ

ĻҳûڰһȥǱߵĽܶһЩռ䡣
֪˶á
ĽݻֹĽ·ҲǱסˡָ΢΢Ц£ùҽ˼Цˡ
ҳף޷
˵ţͽҳӭ˷Уҽˣ롣
һţҳŵһ˱Ƕһڰ׺ҲܵӰ죬˿ϢЩԡ
ҳƫͷȥȴַʲô״ûһ
ողڸѡ
ҳһݣԱߵĽݻҸһֱڴϣ˸ҿҽˣ뿴
£Ľݻǰƿ
ֻŵĽݲﻹɢһɺƤһá
ҳһǺ˲ۡ
Σ
ʱڰ׺س
ˡˡ
硣


109 
ԭĽݻͬ½˵ģ޷Сһգԭǹ¡
ϸ֮£ǹξȻĽݲƤϣ˶ڣƺЩǳȴǲݺӡ
Ѫ֮ǣĽݲϵģ
˵ʴɣ˵һµĥ
ֻҳ֪ûĹΣͲῴĽݲ
ҳ߽ǲ¶˼֪ЩʲôȻǡڴʱڰ׵һ㽫˼·ϡ
ţҳתͷȥꡣ
ڰ׵ϸϸһ𣬱ǰһθˡ
ĸ֣ҳһ
ڤˡ
ǺȻ뵽ʲôҳٿزȥٴνĿͶ˴ϵĽݲһоͬһҴ
Ρڤۡ
磬
ǲֻڤ簵еĹΣҳһ¾ˡ
񣬴ºйء

ֻһ¡
ҳտɷڤϿͶŹ֮ϵ֪ȻĽݲϵĹΣǱейء
Ҹ֢֮ҽ˿ͷĽݻڴʱƺʮƽ
վһԵĽҲֻǽһ˲ͳ˳飬ת۾ͻָ˹
ҳԿڰף̶ͬĽݻĽݹӣһ»ĽݹӲҪҪʵ档
ĽݻԶ˶٣Ŷͷҽ˵
״ҳֱԿڣĽݼǰɷȥʲôط
һ˵һ߶Ľݻ
ҳţαȻйأʶֻҪ֪ĽݼǰȥģôҲмѭˡ
ֻǲ֪ҳĽݻɫ
ĽҲ޴ӵ֪ˡ
ҳʻĽݻ˶١
Ľݻ͡½˵Ľݲڱչбġ
ʵϣֻĽݻҸд֢֮ʱڱչء
ҳһ١
ԭĽݻδͬ˵ѡ
ǰ˵պ漴ֵһ䣺ڴ֮ǰҸȥһ˸Ƴǡ
á
Ҳ˵˶δлΪԭֻһʼݷĽݲڣҪɾûôˡ

Ƴǣҳؾ뵽ϴڸƳУ֪
᲻Ҳ
ҳʱѹ£˼Ƭ̣ӽӿռȡһ˿ֱ̧תѽ˿һ˲Ľݲ䡣
ĽݻĽһۣĵѣҽдӷĽݻеǾ仰ߣ֪򵥡
֪룬ҳأΪĽݲ˿һ˳˿߽ע룬̽Ѱк״
κҳؽ˿ֻһ䡣
Ρ

ȷʵΡ
ֻǹα˿ͶĽݲЩҲҪĽݲܹӲд
뵽ѾǰڤۣҳĽݲǴԺڰ׻ȥʱűʵڤģ
ڰ׾ܸӦڤۡȻͬ˵
ҳڤǽڤʯȡһá
Ȼмžãҳڰ˴۵Сۡ
ҷ޹⣬ûа㲨
ûס
ĬƬ̣ҳٶѯʣ˸ʷ֪ڤʲôλã
һΣڰ׵ٿ˽࣬ϡ
***
ڤ۲ħˣڼִһöɫƣɫ·̻ϣһŨصƴڤۡ
Ϊħ繫ȻѲͽɷһ¹棬ǰڶȫǰ硢Ͼˣһħ塣
ֽ˻ع飬ħҪк޼ɵѲɷĶ谭
Ҳħһԭ
˭Ҳ֪ڤ֮ȻϢļ硣
ڤ۲δһǽڼ˳˫ĳطȥ˼ת
ֻʱҰͻȻӰԶѸӹڼȥ
ҽڰף
˵ֻҽڼ˾ȣһǰڰסίʵ
ѹһֱδڰףǰв²⡣
û뵽ڰ׾Ǹڹҽߡ
˼ˣڼıЩ졣
ԹԸڡ롯࣬ڰʱڼ
Ϊοڡ롯Եڰף˿̿ȻЩɵģ
ֻڤۺ
Ȼк֮࣬һһ
ڤۣۿ˵
ڼƫͷƳȥͼڤǶš롯ġ
ҳǰʱ
һ
㡣

Ỻ૰Ŀǡ
ҳĪֽ֮һ֣·ǸӦǡҡֵĸо
Ǵ
ҳȻӿֵ뷨޳Ժǰμڤۡ
ҳֱڼ㵽ˣҽڴˡ
ԣҳĽҵһһ˵
γĽݲϣǰƳǣԼǰ޵ڸƳи֪˿ҳû©ĸ֪ˡ
ڼһ䣺Ƴǣ
ҳ˿ߵɫЩ⣬ҳ̽һ˿ڼˣ
ɷڸƳǡڼ
ҳͽȻһ͡
ɷڣô˵Ҳڡ
ĽݲϵĹҲ˽͡
Ȼйء
֪ħǱߴħҲս磬ʱػֳС̡
ҳѹ￪ʼӿ˼ڤۡ
Ƴȥ˲䣬ӹ
˶٣ҳڣڤۡ
ڤۿ
ҳڤʯһá

ڤʯڤ֪
ҳһɲڼſ룬ҽΪڤʯ
һ룬ֻڤ۵ˣ
ҳĿǡ
Ľݻ
ڼҲЩʲô
ҽĽǶԸӾ
ţĿٿȻһ̹Ҵźѹϯ鲼·ĺɫʯͷȻڤָ⡣
ȣǱȰɡ
ڤ۵Ļһ䣬ڤʯɢϢǱ͵ѹƣ̶䵽ҳǰ
ҳæȥ㽫֮Улڤۡ
״ڼ˿ڤۣδ˵ʲô
õڤʯĿҲʹɣҳˡ
ǰԽ
ڰ׿к㣿
ҳһ٣ڤ˵
ż⻰ڼ˻ᡣ
ڰ׻֣
Ĭһ˲ҳ̧ۣͬ˫ż˿ϷʵϣǱһ㡣
ҳؾԼ֮ǰĽʱڰ桢ſԶĻ档
Ǳʲôһ£һԳֵĹҽˣ˿˵ЩİûûС


110 
ҳⷺű죬˵껰һֱߣüĿ΢ǡô˿Լ֮ˡʱһЦ⡣
ڼȻЦһ£ڰ֡
漴ʳΪڰŹҽˣ
ͻʻպΪҳΣĬĬƳһͬһľż㡢ֱһԵڰס
ӦáǡҳҲ˵Ȼֻü΢΢¡
֪ڰΪҪԼĪǾãڤ̫Ȥ
ֻߣڰĴ
ֵɣƺһȱǡǿԵڰϡ
ҳٶȳĬȥ
ڼҲٶ˵Ȼڤ˵ڰŹҽǱˡ
Ƭ̺ҳ¸ˡ
ûʹڤǲҪǰƳһ£нԼļơ
ʵϣҲȷϡ롯衣
ӣƱزͽ
ҳߵûаֳɡ
Ȼ뿪󲻾ãڰٴθ

ڰš롯뿪
ڼʵһֱ˺Ƭ̣˵ڰҪŹҽ
˵⻰ڼֵڰǡϲϹҽˣ
ڤתۣӦ

ҳڰǰۻĽҵ;У·ϺȻżϵͳʾһ
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һҳľҪȥڰףȻһԵĸԡ
ҳϵͳһ
Ȼڤ۵Ľˣ飬ֻҪĽгС㣬ضڤۡ
ҳһʱЩԡ
˵֪ôͻȻҲ
̫˵㡣
Ȼе뷨һ𣬾ͼѾ˵ϵͳϣԭڤһǰһ뻹ʾš4.5һתΪˡ5
һ0.5
ҳ
ţȻƳ۽⴦ֻŻ޶Եڰף·ڻӦոտȥĿһ㡣
Ӧһĵĳ˹

ĥڤǱʲô£ϵͳ⡣
ҳֱڰ۷Ľҡ
˻ĽݻԹˣֻҳ뿪ǰᵽгȥȥܹĶ
ҳٴαĽݲķС
Ľˣҳҽа취ҽΡ
ǱסֿסĽ岢δ˵ȥҳܹƼԷݼŵĺ⡣
ҳС
ĽݻֵǾ͹ҽˣպõĽҡϻĵط㾡ȫ
һ統µŵǰ㡣
ҳ֪Ϊˣ˰֣˷
ĿõܵµԵĽҧҧǺ޺޵ıĿ⡣
Ҳ֪ΪĽݻ˵ʲôһֱδٷ
˵գҳ㿪ʼھĽݲһ£ڤʯȡ˳ĽݻܶһߵȺ
ڰһֱվҳһ࣬δаŲ
ĽݻһЦҽ˲ܹܵһ
ǽվţʵЩԵˡ
˵꣬Ϳڰס
ȻһûǱһۡ
ҳתڤʯļ϶ƫͷڰ׵ȥ
ż˷Ӧߵһ
***
ڤʯǾҳƣܹת֮á
Ľݲ㿴΢ĹΣ׾پͱڤʯ˸ɾ
ǰƤɢĺһһɢգĴƮĻҲһ̽ʧ¶˴֮˺µıò
ֻ֮мĽҼ˿Ƽݡ񣬱һ˿ĥò
ҳûлѶٹͬʱҲڤʯ˻ȥ
²ǰ㣬βųĥĽݲġ
ǡһ档
Ľݲ֮䣬ʲôϵ

һֱעҳĽݻʱҳȻ֣вôͬʱĽݻǰҽ˺ˣ
ŴϵĽݲȷˣҽİĽݲҽκˡ
ͬʱҳףӽȡһƿҩĽݼĿǰ飬ЩҩÿһնȻ󰲡
ϾǹΣȻһ㲻ҪĽݲǼʱҲػὫѪʴһգ̶ˡ
ʱһ췦
ĽݻոֽӹҳƿȡһҩǰѵҩĽݲС
˻δȫֱͼһȻڹһӰ
Ľǰƿ

ĽݲĵҩĽõС
ĽݻüҲû˵ʲôֻĬȻǰ̧ΪĽݲ˼
Χȫ̵ҳֻ΢üĿǽ֮䡣
ûǣĽݻǸߴ68.9˳̶ȣԼ
Ľ̬ƱغĽݲѲ˸ϵ
ǡʱͻȻһʹǴӴϵĽݲз
ҩڼҩΪӿϯ֫ٺӯθΪϱԹĵطһһ޸ȥ
ҽ֣ǾƷ
ĽʹеƿָٿָǶɫһ̾Ҫܹľҩ촷ۡ
ۿĽϢĶҪһ梡Ķ
Ľͣ
Ȼܿ죬ֻһԳٻ

ԭڲʹĽݲڴʱˣΪĽݻŻſ˫Ŀ
һΪĽݻȴͻȻӴ߿ˣԶԶġ
Ľ岻֪뵽ʲôŴϵĽݻЦ
ЦĽݲʼһһŤŲӣת˷վŵļˣ䵽ĽϣľߴȸҲڡ
ż⻰ĽЦøˡ
ЦЦţ΢΢źۿٿȻ
״ҳԥţҪҪгȥ

ŵķȣҳҲԹһŮԼǰޣⲻÿġ
ɾҪ̧뿪ʱȻͱ˽סˡ
סҳģǷŻһЦһ߿޵Ľ塣
˿ڵҽˡ
ҳع
ֻĽ͹ҽھΪҵܵΰɡ
ҳһͣƳŵĽݲ⻰ȻһЩɢĽҼɡ
ĽݻҲͬһʱǰ֣͹ҽˡ
ǽܶ˵ɣҳûв̨Ĵ㡣
ĽңΪĽݻҳźߵΪˡ
˼ˣҳͷá
˵ţĽݻһԣǰȡڤʯ
ȡڤʯһ˲䣬ǿľƣĽݲȻһ顢ſ˴ߣֱָҳָڤʯ
ڤڤʯ
ҳͣ˶Ľݲȥšüʶ
Ľݲ˵䣬Ǻĸ˻һ㣬ֱԻ˴ϡ
ֻ˸ոǾɵĻ

Ľݻڵγ
ҳطͳ˼
ĽݲȻ֪ڤʯ
Ǻ͵ĺйأǡ
йء
ҳ룬ʱӷ俪ĴУطһֻɫֽӵҳǰ
ħš
ֽ׵ɲǼ䣬ٿȻ㳯ڰƳȥ


111 
ҳܹµڴʱϵƱħ𼴽ǰйء
ҳʶȥڰףְڷϥͷͦñֱĿǰɫӲδκβ
״ҳ˼룬̲סڰף
һ£ڰײδӦ
ҳ´㾶ֱվȥ
Ȼɫֽ׼֮ʡ
ԭŵڰףҲҳſߣһ˦Сβ͡
ҳסתȥڰףϸľݣƬ̺ҡ
˵գҳ̧Ҫ̤ţȻһ룬ڰɸ󡢴д粽ļơ
һҪϣҳٿȻٶͣ£һ䣺Թԣȥš
ԼĪǰ仰ȥˣҳڰ׽΢תϡ
΢΢˿ĩ˲߳š
ҳ֪̫ɻǰʱڰ׿ԶգҪڰǰ俴򿪰⴫Ϣ
ֻҪһ뵽⣬ҳһɱӵĸо
֪١

뿪ҳȥԭĽΪڰ׼᷿ڸڣעֽ׺ŵǲɫȻȥ
˿˿Ƶĺ˲Ⱦֽס
ħڿлۡһд֡
硣
ֻ򵥵һѶϢҳ˿üһ԰˽⣬ⲻǺߵֱʡ

ҳûٶᣬֽ£к׼ȥڰס
Ƚڤʯͻظڤۣ˳ٰڰ¡
ĽҡҳֻΪһ£ĽҲδУǻ˽ĻҲΪĽĺҴصϢ
ɷĽݲУȻ׶ǰϳڤʯ
ֵ˼
ҳƬ̡
ǰڼڤʯڤѰء
мֲ֪ΪңȻĺʹ򲻹·Ӷʹĺĩ·
ڴ֮ǰǴӺδڤʯ
񡭡
ҳ򵥵Ʋһ飬㽫ڰ״ӷн˳Ҫˡ
˻δţƺ֪Ĵ㣬ĽݻȻ͡
***
ڰγĽݻڵҳһŵĽݻһƿҩ֮á
ݽ֢֮ûеҩʯҽĵز鱦ڶࡢĽݻҲֻҩˣлָһ졣
ҽ˴£Եģҽ¡Ľݻ˵ţȡһöˮͼڵơ
ҳۣĽݻ֮˹԰׵ھƺԳɫƺȻ˲١
Ľݻ˵һ䣬ҽˡ
״ҳҲƴǡ
ƽӹĽݻ¶Цݣպ˿ôƣĽˡ
ҳԣͷ
˸˵䣬ʱĽҲˡ
ȻǸĽݻġ
Ľ󻹸ŸҡһɫϻӣҳһЦӹϻ͵ҳǰ
ȫЩвɶõݡ
ҳ˵ʲôϻӾ䵽УĩˣĽ΢΢ƫƫͷȻȥ
ҳȻɫĽ壬Ƴһ۳ĬĽ˵Ľݻ
ˣĽſҳ
˴ĽҵͥԺУҲĽˣ¾ֻʣˡ
ǡҳɻ
һ룬ͼĽٿȻ°ȥһݣĽлҽ˾ҵܵܡ

ҳһĽݡ
Էѯ
ǹҽ˵ҩΪһΣ
ȻŴԣҳĽʵһ
Ľݲں͹࿹أÿһĵҩһΪ޲ˣΪһν̫࡭
ԼƵĵҩԼҽεˣҳǵҩķǰĽ˵ġ
Ľݲ鲻ܲ壬ͻơ
ҳƳĽ壬߶Цһ
ҽΪҡҽһ£гϽ֪Ľ˿Ҳǳϰߣǽܶš
ʱҳΪĽݲҽʱֻǼˡ
ҪЩʲôǲԡ
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뵽ʲôĽ¾ǣҽġ
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ĽݲΪڣֻΪζ͡
Ľǽڰ
ĺ޼Ľݲ
ҳ롣
Ľ֪ҩöЩͬСɵĺ֢ҳʣҲΪȷϴ»ǣҽ
ǸĵŮӡ
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ҳԶ϶ĽݻϵȷʵĽݲйء
ߣǺֽ֮Ҳ˵
Խǲ̵Ĳ²⣬ȴӽģȻʮţĽ̬ҪĽݲΪĽݻļơ

ҳ˽Ľҵ顣
֪ģպҲ֪
£ڿͻȻվŲߵڰס
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ڤۡ
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ԣҳʱͶڤ۵ķλμڤۡ
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Ǳ⣬Ϊϵղδ˼˵ǾеЩȻ˼룬ҳ»Щҩδռȫʶ뽫ڰ״غٶȥѰ
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Ҫȥħ𣬴ڰ׵Ȼ㡣
ҳڤۣȴ߻ش
ֻǻشδȵڤЦ˼Ⱦ˫У·ǳǳһȦһȦ
ǳǳЦУҳ򾲻ӣ˵һȻı顣
ڤǱ㲻ˡ
ԣҳźۼ˿
ʱһ΢ɨӰ紵߲˳ż˿֦Ҷ϶£۽ϣգһ¡
ڤ߶һ˲ջ⣬һ£ȥģ

ûϵڤۻʣҳշȥģٿȻ
ȥժҩ
ҳȥժҩģ͵͵תȥˡ
Щܸ֪˵ġ
ڤƺûҪظ˼ȻתȥֻһӰ
ҳ̽뿪˴ڰ׹Ȼٸ
ͷٿһۣҳתߡ
Ȼߺûá
ԭĻҷӰ΢˶һǰ
ٶһ
ڰס
ֵ꽩ԭأޱϣɫ΢΢תת
ԭʧڴ˴ڤۣ֪ʱ˻
ڤǳɫЦЦһͲҪٸ
֪˵˭
ڰɺ޷ӳûһģ
ڤ۵һۣĿ΢תǿԶ
ߵ㣬ҳȥλá

ҳ뿪ʱ㽫ħ͸˵ֽٳֽ׺һֱħĽ紦
ͬʱҥ
磬ӵϮ֮ᣬҥֱָĽңͷʿ׷ҪѲĽҡ
ֻЩϮӵܣԳʳǰĽݲ̱ڴһ֢״


112 
һз֮£ҳ޴֪
ҴҸ罻紦ʱ㿴ħһС
һͷƳ޽ǣж㣬鲼ɫۼ׵ްʡҳĿȥֻ޽ţͷŭţϢɺ˫Ŀޱ߼ʵĳɨţ֮ϱ궼Ϊ֮һľ֮С
һģһˡһ˫ĿХ췢߰˻Ҳע⵽ҳ
ˣ
ҳߴͷŵɴߵŲһԵİ⣬˹ȥ
һҳʱԡ
Ҳŵġһػǳĳˡ
ȴӳڳƣЦЦͬ躮ÿ졣
ҳһüëȻͼһһ˳
Ŷ΢΢ס
Ҳڣҳʱ׹
ǰĴţŵֱʡ
ҳĿϣԳϳһǡ
Ҳڴʱͬ˵ˡ
ҴŸʱǡŽҲڡ͵һţСŽ˵Ҫͬ˵ġ

һкУҳЩı䡣
ŲΪǰ㡢޲ҪԼ֮졣
ϸһ¾ܷ֣ǸħСΪɷһ·ע⣬׹עĿ
ʱΪħ֮һҪҳһ׾ٵС°ˡ
ͺһʼǰҳеһħ壬·ϵĵʯ
ͨһ㣬ҳûͬԡ
˸Դк㾶ֱ˳
翴οĳᣬʵж죬Գɿռ䣬ȵһС͹ǰ㡣
ҳʯ̾Ͷɵĵ棬һ·ȥ
ŵԽʱҳۣ²μ
ƺ롣
Խɨһ̧̧ۣס
ҳͬƶһѰ˵һ
Ƭ̣ȳ˷ųȥʱǾ仰ôô죿
ҳţʵ˵֮ǰ硣
磿ƵЩˣ֮Ƴ۳ҳ
״ҳ˼ת÷ɿ죬֪Ϊ˷Ӧüɷǣ

ֱ֮ѰɷټΪҳô˼Ƶͷ˫΢С
ֻҵûУ
ҳһۡ
һЦ϶ûС
ţҳҪ˵Ȼ˵ţɷ٣Ѿ˲鵽ˡ
ڸƳǣ˵ţ̧һӣץˣȻҶҪ֮
ȻĻδ䣬Աһɤӹ˻ͷ˵Ĺ
֮ƤǣնϽٳɢꡣ
ƶסƫͷȥҳͬĿ˹
ƿԣҳᳶ˳ǣҲ˵㣬Ҫ
ڶ˭뽫ɷʬ棬躮˵֮ĵһͣٿȻЦеһ䣬ǡ
ȵЦɫҲ
ǷŸеģһ٣뵽ʲô˲˸¡
䵽ƽУڻҡ
ҳָĦη֣ͬƽﶯʱޱһĶֻüۼ˵ак
ʱͼӰسֵСϥأμ
ڴ֮ǰӰħ֮ǰ簵ѲɷټһֱѰƳǡ
ֻУطɷ١
***
ӵϮһɰӰһһ
Խ׸ʵ˼ɷֲڸƳˣ
Ӱǡ
ֹһֹ޵ҥԣȻҲͲ֪ĴɷĲ֮
ħǴ˴ѰͽѴ飬ȫֻǸͽͬħ塣
ⲻ֪ɷħתΪ˹ޡ
̫ˡ
ħߵõɷϢĴйҡ
ͬڻһ㣬˷ֲ١
ףԽδһԣǷϱ治ϲŭ
ͬʱаɷƻ֪⻹⣬ǰʱɢҥԣҲĲࡣ
ֻҳ갵ӰһȻԵ˵ìͷָģ
Ӱһʻæ磬Ľҡ
˵껹͵ŻɫǺ泯ͻȻʵҳ˹ȥ
ҡ
֪ǲˣҳܾΡ
Ľݲʶڤʯ˵һƺЩϵ
ôСǲǻʲô
ϴڸƳƳϤӰ
˭
ȥƳǡ

ҳϣһǰƳǵļƻ䡣
ͬһʱ䣬ҳ˼Щͬˣε֪Ľݲ֢״ġ
֪Ľݲһ֮ͻ֢Ϊ𲻱ҪĿֻţ̬ͱѹȥҩҽǰҲܽС
˵˴ҥԱĽġ
ֻЩˣΪ˻ıͲö֪ˡ

ҳǾҪȥƳǣôطôȷǸƳǣ
ͬʱȥţһۣʾ߿֪֪
ɢƳʾ֪
ҳҲſ˿ƣúĿƵһֻǣ𴽽ǣԵĵ˾䣺ȥ
ԣҳʲô⡢׼̵͵һҭ
ҭסԺȻŵЦ
Ʊ˿Ҫ˵ʲô
һǵĵͳߡ
ֻԽڡ
ȥƳǡ


113 
ʷɳƳǶȥ;ÿԽ硣
ҳȥΣԸƳǵȴǲ˽⣬ֱӰ
ʲôԣƵ⸡ƳǻѹΪĹأ
δ磬Ҽ֮Ƴǽʱ䣬ƶԲָһӣֻһչس̡
˵գȥҳûʲô֪ˡ
֮ǰá
ŴʱڵƳд˹أôҲ޿ܡ
ҳôΪϴνڸƳв˵Ūġ
ŵĽͣ˼
ȷʵпܡ
ҳ뵽ʲôٿؿԽ֪
ƣħĴ֪ǲٵġ
˼ʱݻڸƳʹطǲԽҲõġ
ôţҳҲ˳
ƳǵĽƣӦסɣһ˵ҳ𴽽ǡ

Ļһʳ˵ơźͰˣӰȴ
ҳ˲֪ǣ˿˵ʱü۹Ƴ˵ʱƶһĨ飬ðӰ󱳷
Ҳֻл˸ں˵ˡ
ܾٶΣӰᱻ˵̬ȸ
ȻҳĻ꣬һ룬Խ˹
˫ʱİҳ˺ĻӦ
ס
ҳĵȻ
ѹֽǻᲢδڡҲܽ˲ʶ®ɽ
ôţΪǰˮʱСҳǿҪ׵˼ʶһǰľʵԽǰδеĳݡ
ҳָĦ°ͣḧ˸̧׿Խֱ׵
Ȼ׾ӵǲԲԽĽѹƣһ֮ʵ˼ˣҳ΢
ǡڴʱƲ廰ԲѵһСС磬ʲôУҿԣ
żƵҳʱƳۣûȥ
δȫֻһ䣬Ҳԡ
ҳһͣٶתͷ
֪ǺȻ뵽ʲôҲŲϱģ˭һ
ҳ򴽣ͬ˶硣
սΣֻȥһ˸ƳǱ֪
תͷٿؾƳΨĽԽǸɫС֪䣬ˡ5

ԽĽζǡҳö֪ȴδǣҲ׿ڶԽʵĽΪ
ô˵Ƶñв
պһ˱㵽øƳ⣬ڼ仨ѵʱν൱ˡ
ҳڿֻݳޱԽתߣɶ˼룬̶ŽתǰĸƳϡ
ڿнһյĴǣһ޵ĽĤ˸⡣
Ǹ磿Ƴԣʹһξ룬ܸоǽĹŹ֡
ѹѹסκ֮˵ΪҲ֪Ǻ˲¡
żƳҳ뵽ʱĿڳԣϲһĨϷʵЦɨһơŶˣЦЦȥһҿ
Ƿǰǰ㣬ܹڸƳΪơ硣
һ˵ţҳЦüʾ˽ȥ
ƽ΢Щ͡
̽ʶײȷܸܵһɰѹƣó粢򵥡
״ҳЦø΢΢۾ȥš
һȥɡƸҳЦԷ֮ʣæϡ
ѾǵһοƽԼһԱ񣬰ĬĬֱǡֹԼҲŴЦ
ҳǣ漴ȥԽȴʾ¡
ķӦһɣҲæԽ
Խɨˣ΢˶ߡ
***
ƳħȻ룬ԷɢǰϢɷټĵطȥ
˳УҳΪ˲ͱѹƵ˽𵤺ڣٿƺţ˾ѹƵԪӤڡ
ҳ͡һЦ˳Ȼ޳֮⣬ȴƵһſƶܺͷ췢ˡ
ȴѵõûоò˼б۳ٿƽȥԵȻ
˲£µûһͬ˲ˬҳǲĵЦǲܽһ
Ƭ̺ƻĵôЦˣ
ҳͣЦҲ֮˹ȥ
ѵóȻЦҳ۽ƳĨϤӰʱЦˡ
ˡ
ֻһϮǳɫֵıӰʱǰȥȺ
ŽǿһգҳͰ˳
ĺأ
ĺڴˡ
űʣֻЩԶĲԶ֧ͼӹˣȷܰȻ;ֳֺǡƻȻ߻¶ҺĺҵС
ҳ˶סЦûʲô

ƺŷŵעȫڱҳЦ棬ΨԽע⵽Щߣ˳ҳɨȥ
ԽһǰȥʱͬǸӰ
ĺأԽһ档
ʱԷ
ҳҲĺôڴˣ˵󣬾ͼԽȻĺظղ뿪ķȥ
躮ôߣ̧ϣȴҳٳûƫƫͷʵ
״ҳҡͷص߰ɡ
˸ȥĺصӰһʧԭء
߲δͷ棬ҳ˳Ǽˣڸһ·ɫֻԽ˿ݵġ
ԽǰУҳԽò֮ǰû뵽￴ĺأȻʶ
ĺزͬ
躮ҹĺҡ
ҳûǣĺءһѣ˳㻹ҳһƿѪҺҲѪҺá
Žеʱڤȡڳеڤʯлȥһ顣
ҲΪˣĺϵ
ҳüͷ
ԽǣҪȥ𡭡ߵķλǡþĺȥķ򣬺ǱڸƳеħڴྶͥ
һʱʲôĺؽϳԽô롣
ʱУǲû¶档
ʱҳָν͡

ĺصĶ죬Ҳ·һ㣬ͬ⸡ƳдãֱһС
Ȼ˼ûжôϸ壬Ҳķƺڸʲôˣ漴׼ע⵽ĺصӰ
к棬ȴҲûжʣ಻Ǹ໰ġ
ҳţٿؾͿͣ˽ŲЩͣٲײȥ
ʱֹס˲ӣҳȥ
ҳҲԽͣºֹġ
ΪܵѹƣʲôҲоֻԽڿʱüͷ
ҳеУǸУԽ˴أɭȻӡ
леĵط
Ĳԣҳǰһʲô
ԽĿ˿̶ٶתĿ⣬˵أС
ԣҳзɿʲôֻɷǣ
Խһ˲ס
˴ĹڤУɷʱһ
ҳҪ˵ȥԽڴ˴š
˼Ҫˡ
⻰ҳʶȥɡ

ţ˾űǣΪѹƣȥҲá
ҳƵȫ
žһĬ
Ÿôȥҳ֪ĺΪλ
ڴ֮ǰڤʯԭ򣬾ͺйأҺڤʯշת䵽ĺС
ʱֿ棬ĺػ᲻Ҳ֪֮ûʲôϵ
˵ԭɡ
Խѵ
˵ţԽӰ˽ȥ
ҳᣬ̧Ÿȥ

˲ŸмһɫӰ
ڼеſڣҳ̧̧üë
Сѣô⣿


114 
ҳ쿴ڴ˵ڼѹ֮ǰڤﲢδԭ˸Ƴǡ
ڼں˵Ǿ˶٣ע⵽ҳԵļˣٿȻһЦ
ȻǡһСѣʲôҲ벻ˡ
ڼӣٿһҳ漴ŽĿƫˡ
һ¶ݵơŻҳİ⣬ڼʱ׹ǰͷģӦþħˡ
˼ˣڼͬԽʾ⣬к
˴˶ӣҲ㽫֮ݽг
̶ڼ΢תпۣͷֶԽءҲˡ
Խͬͷ
ҳͷڼٿط֣ƺδܵѹơж硣
״ҳšü桭
վĵطûйգİһƬֻ´¼ʱʱǰͶ
˴ţһͨڵĵط
ڼӿڣʲôûС

еɷµģ˲ڴ˵ء
ΨһԿ϶һǡ
ȷʵƳǣҴʱ䲻̡
Ȼ˶ˣҳԽǱ߿˿ǻҪȥ𣿡
Ҫ˵ɷڡȻҪȥ
ԽĿƳҳĬһ˲󣬶Ƿʵ㲻ȥˣ
⻰ԭһ仰ɤ̶ۣȻҳ
ԭڸˡ躮ڸ
ҳ⼸Ķһ
Ϊ롢˵ţҳסˣֱ˻ȥ
ſĺصһ˲ҳȷʵȥû뾹Խˡ
˼ˣҳ˼תյл
˵գȴֲ֪ӺƲƲҳ

ûڸƳҵɷȴҲܹ˵ȷʵǰ֪ٱ¶뿪ųϢԻˡ
ǽƻ
һ뿪Ƴǣڼûмͬ˷ֿҳߴ˴ա
ֻڼЦл˵
ղСѿң

ҳƤббڼȥ
˵Ʊǿмм䣬ڼһԡ
һĻвȥҳ飬յͶĿ⡣
ҳ̣ҲƳơ
ۿθߴƲ˽ڼֻǹԹĳҳţԶЩ
ԾһŲ躮֮ڴ˿̣˿
һ͹ͷ۵ˣټһ
⣬ʹû˳ӽСѣڼҲټ
˸ƳǺ齥ʼ
ħҪȥģڼ̽һ䡣
ɷڸƳеϢǴħģڼ²⡣
йǶ뿪Ƴ֮Ϣħ߶ȻҵЩ˿
Ǹеģ֮ɷһҲʲô˵ġߺͬһħڤͽ׷
ƵвŶ£룬һطҵӦûȥĽҿ
ԽĴ㣬ƻܲµһġ
ҳ˵˼
ֽĽز̫ƽֻǲ֪еһЩ˾Ҫ˵ͼıǹʹ֪
ĽݻӦò׾ѲȥĽݲϵĹͱγӦǲ̫鷳
ţż⻰ڼͻȻһЦ
ֻãڤҲڲݳǣҿͬС
***
ݳǡ
һŰټҾ׵ĳ棬֮ϴθַĺң˴ƺҪΪߡ
ЩܹȾĸӵܣΪӣԶΪڡ
ĺҵ飬вδ¶Щݣĺ¼ΪкڳǶѻɽĺҲȫЩ֪ɵС
²ͬգ˸档
һ˸ݳǣԶԶֵܿľ󣬸Ÿ֮˷׷׽飬Ľҵķȥ
һĻ֮ǰҳĺƣз·𱻶һƵġ
Ҳµǲ£ЩǰˣȻǳĽȥġ
ߣҲȥơ
֪ݳڷҲƺɷƵһӡ
Ȼڼȴͣ
ҳһۣüһ㲻ߣ
ȻԼڼЦŲŻأԺ
ҳ
ֻڼֲԺͬڤһǰ

ǺǰƳʱһ˳ڸһһͷ־Ե췢ԽУ˿ݡ
ԽĽҵλãֱʿԽࡣ
ҳۼ⣬ҵ˴Ҵǰȥ
ȻԱɢ
˵ȥѣûĽ﷢ʲô
ǼȻˣΪʲôΧ£ĽҲɢ
ԣҳϸ
Ҳ֪Ľݲ֢״ѽ⣬ǰĴǲƣΪЩ˻ڴ˴
ҳ½Ų˵ԣǰɫӰͬʱ˲ӣҲһͬҳһ˼ɢ̸֮
Ϊô£ĸĽйأЩ˲߰Ϊ
˻δ˵꣬׼һȴЩȲˣæ˵˵ΪΣ
ĽڲݳҲ˵ϻҸ޸ɾܺģҲʿɶֹ
˵ɢƳһˣҡͷԵĪĪϸϸ˵˵ţ˳ⶼеӳ£ⲻҥһȫܵĽҪ˵
˭֪Ľ֢ͬ״֮ˣĽݼõúܡЩ˲ߵԭ򣬾ǲ֪˭˵𡭡ôţ˵ĽݼûǱκˣ
һЩ˲ߣҵԭȫҪĽҽƵĵҩ

ȲĽûеҩ
òЩ˷ǵߣҧšУóˣ͸ӳˡ
ĽĵҩҲ˵һϣٽǰһĽҹޡͷϵϡ
ᣬǵҩҲȷʵԹ֮֡
ڤҽơ
һĽҽѡ
ɢǸˣ֪ҥԲ֪δΪ˸׿ԡ
һııȫϣҳھĲˡ
һκ֮УȻɲõ˹ơ
ɽг壬ٽ뿪ķ¡ȴŵĽǡõ˺ֵĳȸϣĩֿԡ
һΣ֮ͬ
ֻǣҳһǳȸһΡ
Žеӳ£ɲǵƾһɺϵ
Ҳ˵
ȻмʲôΪ֪ĽҲ˵ڤʯΪý顣

ҳǧذתʵɢ֮Ҳ˲Ϣ֮䣬뵽ôࡣ
ɢ˵һ˾ҪٶĽȥ
ֻû߳Զ
ǰԽٿȻһͣ½Ų
˴ΪѹƣҳڵʶͬͣԼһġǲ׽һ˿ͬ
תȥ
ŷֿõڼٶȸ
ͬһʱ䣬һΪ۵İɫӰӳҳ
ˣٿرӡ
˾ǳȸ
һҳȸɤԶ㴫˹
ҵˡ
ˣ


115 
ӦˣȻв˵ȸ֮⣬躮ġ
ҳȸٸһͷۡ
ͳȸ
Ҳ뵽˺ߵѲ
ʲôʡĵġ
ڼͳȸ಻ԶڶμˡлһˣתۿȥȸĿֱ䵽ҳϡ
˵һڼв²⣬ֻȸǾ䡮ˡʱҳڳ
һΡ
ҪҳǰڼٿȻͣ
ҳʱʱעǱߣڼת˳ȸķ
ԶԶһĻ
ڽ˭ˡ
ڼЦȸ
СѣҲǳȸܹ
۶ԷǺݣڼȫȻδȸ
Ȼͬûκ˿Уȸȫİڼ˸ɾת˲һ˾͵ҳǰ
ȸɨҳ࿴ۣҰȻһӰ֮ڵʵʵ
ţһӢͦεݡ
ҡơ

ҳؿбڼ߼ƾȻǰһ˿¶ǰư£ڵЦһ硣
߰ɡٹǼˣҳͬŵİ˾䣬̧ٶ⵽Խԡ
ϽţһĽȥ
ԳȸƲδá
òҵˣȸǲô뿪ʱɤ⣬Ҳű
ƵǶԳȸе˽⣬Ҳͬ磬ҿûô룬ʲôǡ
ȸȻҡ
һ˵ȸŷﻹˣԲڼˣʱ͸ȥȸƿƾߡ
ͷơ

Ҫȫ߿תͷȥԭʣһ˻ԭء
ƣ
ĬĬƼϣеȵȣ
***
һ˲δֱȥĽңһñȽϽľ¥
¥ûˣͻȻһпʲˣƹ״æк
ǰ׳öƷʯһҰѵż䡣
ݳгʲô飬ƹһ˿ԣϲЦտֽ̧סʯգ
˱ƹԴ϶¥һֻһ˵һЦ¥Ұõһ䷿ˣÿԿĽҡ
Խ׸̤ż䣬ƹֻ˻壬ֻǲ֪ĸŵȫں
ƹЦտ٣ѵüλɳ
ҳƳƹ񣬼̶˶ȥϦ¶ջǶżԻݳǣ԰Ϊ
ԣƴɨɨƹ񣬡㵹ʵ
˵ţһȥһöʯ
ƷףöƷʯ
ƹۼֿӹʯЦۡ
ʵʵ˵͸¶Щʲô׬Ǯƹϴ˵Ľһ˵øϸ
ƹ˵Ϣ֮ͬǰЩɢ˵ı޶£ҳ£ֹסƹĺ󻰣ˣȥɡ
˳ϣƹ۽Ĵɨһ˲æӦȥ˳Ϊ˹˷š

ô磿
һĵط˵ϻȥʳȸ
ҳǿڼôô͹ˣ
ȥڤˣô
ȸƣת˿̿˵ҳɫ΢΢֪ڿʲô
һ˲һֵֻסߣɫڻ
ڼƳһۣ˫躮ʱͬٲС˿̰˰һһǴӳݼ伷Ƶģڿʲôء
˵գڼͷͬҳһ䣺Ȼ̫㣬Ծ͸ˡ
ҳǹһЦ漴ĿһɫʼնδһԵӹԽһ⿴ȥ
ңңɼĽҵķλֻǴ߾ΧʿзĽϷ
ϤһĻ
ǿ˵ĺұʱĳһ㣬ҳգ۾ͬʱҪϸǱߵĶȴֻϡżе
һ˲
һۻɤܡ
λĽݲйؽһЩҥԣϣλһԡ

ҽҩãʱĽݲҩ
ָĽݲȻշҩȴѾָòˡ
λ˵ˣνĽҹУ¸ǲòڼλµӻ֢һ£ǱʹģҲһͬҵ֣
Ľݲתһϯݳǡ
ﻰȻиŵӻزһйأҲʮĳ⣬ʾһ׽֡
Ψôܹϴˢɡ
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ڼҲǡڴʱĵЩŵˣǹΡ
⻰һżڵȫ˹ȥ
״ڼ˵ĽݲǰЩͬҲǿѨ磬ֻκ˶ѡ
ԣʱȤ
κˣϴħڤһ֮¡֮ΣҲ֪ˣ˿̼ڼ˵뵽ǹҽ

½Ҫ˵Ƽҽߡ
ǹҽĪ
˭ܹҽοѪ⡢ĹΣƵһʱ뵽˹ҽ
ڼͷȷʵǹҽ˸κˡ
˵꣬ƵӿڣôһǿȥĽݲˣȻ˹λ򵥣
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ȷʵĽݲˡ
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ǲҪȥĽݲ
Ƽҳ˻ͬʱ˵ֻҪȥ˴
˽ǸӣҳĬĬԽ
Խδ˵ֻڼΪ˷ԡ
Ļһ뿴
ڼŵһˡ
ô˵ƿʲô
ڼڤۿԸĽݲĹΣ׷Ѱɷټ
ԣƣڤģ
ڼſڣҳҲ˹ȥֻһ䡣
ˡ


116 
ڼĻ¡
ż˵Ŀⶼ˳ſڵķ򿴹ȥ
˳֣ƶƬ̣ڵˣأ
ڼԲûлش
ûȵشȥˣֻ߸תҳϣͼؿһۡ鵭ģ˵һ㡣
״±ӣڨڨתͷȥ
һͷ㿴۽УǵɫӰת˸ƺЩ
һ˲аɫһӰ֡
ڼ΢˲ͷͬƳȥһۣ⡣
˵䣬ڼѷǵ㸴һ飬ڤҲÿУȥĽݲ
Ĺؼȫڴˡ
ҳҲ档
ֹǺĽݲǷйϵǺ棬ڤҪôĽݲϻȡͽ١
һֶҲΪɡ
˼ˣҳͶȥ߻Ƽ磬ٿȻͬһ˫ɫǳͫˡ
ڤһģһҷꡣ
ڰһԡ
⧲ڤ۶Ŀ⣬ҳʶƲ̶ۣһ˫޲İɫײ

ҳ۽˲еһͷҪڰ׶ӵߡ
Ȼӵ˲䣬۾գһ£˫ɫӷ˵ɰ㣬΢΢š
ؿڰ˷Ӧҳע⵽״ͻȻҪת
عҪƫͷҳһ׼ŴĿĶ
ǡʱֻŷһԽɤڶȴЩ룬ҳƳֽͷת˻ȥҲ̧ȥԴ
ͼڤۻżһȾ۲Զ齱ߣһ۱ȥˮ崲˫Ե΢ת
ֻڷе˾仰˵עȫ˹ȥ
鷳
ԣڼü׸Ӧڤ۵˼ǲðĽݲ
Ļ˵꣬Ҳӹͷ˴Ҫôɷǣ
ڼ˵ڤа취׷ٵǶ˵ġ
š
ҳȥһͳɤ
Խڤۣ˵а취
ǺȻ뵽ʲôҳ΢һڼԵڤʯ
ڤۣǡ

ǰҳڤʯγĽݲڵĹΣڤֱڤʯвдĹΣҵ
ȿԲݾߡܴһֲ
֪ڤֶͨ죬û뵽Դλϵͳ
ҳٿص𡣡
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ҳбһۣüһšĵΪû˰Ѵ˺ߡ
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յҳĳȸԽŶԷ˷ܡ
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£塢ˮǱߣѾ¶ˡ
Уͱ鲼˷ˣˮλ죬ʢ뿪ǰΪӹ𷣣Ϲ˲ٶ
ⲻ֪ǻȥŵĿǸΪҵ̡
ˮǱߣձٿл飬ˮЦ¶¶ǶԴҪ˶ãˮ͵û˵ˡ
иķֻԼȻ󲨣ÿԡ
˵ţɴﴫλٰ׽
⻰ˮһ٣Щ⣬ǡ
Цһ˱ʵС䣬ԵͷôС
ԣˮʱˡ
ԭڸ
ҲǣǸˮǲ͡
뵽⣬ǰɴȻ޷ԶһӰ֣ڲɴ᣼䣬ɫɴ
ᡣ

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ɢš
ˮһ˵ǰٶ𣬡ȥ롣
һ⻰ˮ֪Ҫȥˣæϡ
лˮһ£漴֪ǲǴˮǰ֮˵һ
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ҳ˼ȸ˵ġһաʲô˼
һ룬ϵͳĵͻȻԺʱʹ˼·
 5
żϵͳʾҳһĿʶżеɨȴδ˭Ľ
ȥżˣֻн㣬ԼĽݻڴˡ
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Ȼʱҳȴ˲Щһ۾ȥԽȳȥһ¡

ҳ۶ǡĽΪʲôȻǡ
ûʱ룬ҳûȥ˵ı飬Ҳڶ߻㼯
Խкһ󡢱㼲߳ż䣬žֱ뿪˾¥
ʵϣҳĽǶԵġ
ͼŸ뿪¥ãʺȻֳһöɫʯ
Ӧշתߵūϵĺӣʯڤҽкֱ䡯Ҫȥĺӣʯ
˿̳ħʹС
ҳǲ֪ʱ㲼һϸ޷˿ΪɫҴ˲١ҳ˿̧־ͽĺɫʯȡ
עӣʯС
ɫʯ΢΢洫˳
С䡣
Ӧһ
ں롣


117 
ں롯ûҳļϡ
ҳء
ûŪȥˡ
ҲڻȥҲûôϵοҳҲѲ
ΪҪǡ
ں룬ǵ֪ǣһԹȥĵطûôԲȥˡ
ֻԼһʡ
ҳЩ΢β³һ䣬¡
˵꣬ҳ׼ŵ˺ȥӣʯһߡ
಻ǣ㷢֮ǰҵĽڱʶƣҳġ
Ĭ˰ΣӣʯǱҳֳ˳
Ƭ̺㷢һ΢СĻӦţ
ҳͷ΢ʣ˶Ҫڡ
ȴȻ
С䡣
㻽һɤ̺Ҳֵֻͬһ䣬ģ
ԣҳЩ
ͬһʱ䣬С
ˮȫȥСǣ͵һ۳ɫı£һ˲Ķɤۡ

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Ϊ׵ĺ峤Ҳ¼棬ûôнˣٺķˮ˿
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һ룬Сôӭӱʣ
ˮ侫ڿʱ͸еԣһ´Ծ˵ĺ壬ٸв
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ԣžü
ˮҲ亹ֱð
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ԣʱͿһԵķ۵ˡ
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ʱڶϴһʱһ˵䲢סеá

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Ҳʵ˵һĻ

ˮֻԼ亹乵ģűɫ֪ϲŭӦŭָ֮еһȡ
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ʱȸǣֻҪŴǣʱֻҪԷ䡯Ҳ
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ԱʵСͼı졣
㡮Ƣظһ飬һȴΪˡʵġ֡
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ˮԶԶţиǸ̾ҲֻܰۿҪŭı¡塯ˡ
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ϵͳϲ
ҳ΢΢һͣһüëϲʲô
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ϵͳĻشʮͳ·𲻹һƽƽĶԻˡ
ֻҳȴΪ׷ʵʲô⺬𣿡
ȷʵǵĸͻơ50صģƼٵġ85ȸġ60нġ50
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Ȼϵͳȴûٸҳش𣬷ȥ
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ߵǰµżʱҳҪţһ˲űѾԷ򿪡
ҳ̧׼ƿŵĶ˶٣˻ȥ̧۾ͼһվſڣ˴ǰķ˿ǰɫġ
ڰűߡ
ڰףҳɨһۣתȥżڵˣ̧˽ȥ·ҷʱ˾䣺л
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˵ʱֺ֣ͬ޷ֵļ󣬻ǵڤ۳֡
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ڤʯѾ
ҳƵһ֣ȥˣ
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ԣҳɫһٳʱ߼̾ͱˣģ
֪ɱɷĶʤԼϾ
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ֻڵĳȥ⣬˼ȫһ顣


118 
ҳڷɨһȦֱǡ
ڼЦͬ꣬ȥͬ˿ڵĳȸЦһա΢ҳķδڼһ
ƿ˵ţڿϿˣųϰҲ֪ʲô
򾲵ģ⣬б͵͵ǻҷ꣬ٴθ̣ϴǸˣոմء
ţǳ𣬰Ұ죬ԥҪҪٴһλ
ǲϵûӦ״ڨڨԶЩ̶ſ򻤷
ȻҳͳһĴ𰸺󣬶˶٣Ƕʵݳڣ
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Ȼûн˷
Ϊ֡
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ħ尵ѰɷʱĽݲǱҲӦ˰й۲
˵Ƶ뵽㣬ȷʵɡ
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ˣһڼ۶Цҳվ
״ҳһͣͷ۵ǡ
һԵĳȸзۣŴߵҳλá
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ſڵһ٣תһקסҪţͬգգ۾ʹɫҪ躮һ׼
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ҳע⵽ƺŵĶ˼΢ɡ
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ڼüֿһ۳ȸ
˼Զ
ȸҪȻǲ
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ҳüͷ̧Ҫߣȸű
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ڼڱе˲䣬ۿųȸͬҳȥȻҲע⵽ڰ׵Ķ
ţڤǱۡ
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ڤתзŵζδ˵ͬڰ׵ġ񡣡
һڼеһ졣
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֪뵽ʲôڼֿſڡ
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մż߳ҳνȸ˦
ΪЩ𣬵Ҫ˦Ҳ޿ܡ
ͼǱȸЦ˦˱
ҳûзϣǳ롣
żȸЦøˡ

Գȸӻ˽⣬ֻҪ裬˵ϼġ
˦˻ûһҳ˼Ƭ̣ȺͶԷͨ䣬Ϊθҡ
ʡ
ȸۣƫͷҳһպ󣬾Ͳˡ
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ȸǡڽУƿҳ
ֻħһɺɫħƮڿл۳һд֡


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գҳҪǰȥ֣һԵĳȸȻû

Ȼмùȸʱȸ֪ʲôӡ˻ȥڵȻҪһ߼޻ʱռȥʲôɫ
˿̼ȸͻȻԭءȻҳҲһ䣬㻹߲ߣ
꣬ȸתˡ
ҳüֿһȻֱԿڣʶ
ȸԣҲϡ
״ҳͷҪߣֻȸ˵ʶ
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ƺǿеɻ󣬳ȸһ첻֪˵˾ʲô漴˻֣߰ɡ
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ԺֻѰʱҵ͵ȷ
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뷿кƼ𣬺ҡҡͷֵͷɷ
ɷ񡢺߱Ͼֻ˲֪ϹȻ׾ǵҵ
ԣĽݲǱ˶ˡ
˴ԽˣѵʵĽΧҲδɡ
һǰĽж͸类˳
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ອһطڣ֪Ҫ˭
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ĽУںͨš
ֻǲ֪ͨŵĶ˭ɴȴҲܹȷһ㣬ĽݲȷʵйŹ֡
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Ȼ˵ϲҵͷһ˵еһ񺮵ơһ߱˱һ㼦Ƥֱۣ˵ϲϲһͶһӼ򡣡
ƺͳȸ״μ棬ͬʢС
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ޣ뵽ȸЩһӾͷƤòĺɫ£Ƶ͵һ䣬̬
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ֻƸĻû˵꣬žѾȿ˿ڣԶ㡣

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ռͷ޵ĳ
Ҳʵϳȸ硣
躮ȷʵҪԶ㣬ͬŵһ£Ǹġ
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ҳȴ衣
ȸֻԸЩ˰ˣǺúÿơ
˸ͷ˵˵ţѱҹɫ֣ݳǶһƬڰС
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˵꣬ͼתħ̧ʱһƬƬɫۼȻֱļϡͬʱȥһεĽȥ
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ѣҳɫһǿ˺һѷ졣תͷŶһۣ໥һͷһǰһ̤Ľҡ

ҳĽңλû˼ȻûйڱֳҲ޵ĶȨ
ǰ棬һֱĽݲڵķߡ
һ·ϣ˶˼ĽҹѲ
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šš׼ƿһȻû߼ǰ㴫
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ҳһ˲㱻ͳĽС

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תֱһ˫ɫȡ·ղ˫Ǵһ㡣

״ҳšüͷ
Ƴ̽Եĸŵһ䣬ڰף
ƻΪڰ׾Ǹ˵ģϾڤ۵ʱԷҲ⸱һԲģ
Ȼҳһ̡
һǳɤǰ
ڰףš


119 
էȻڰ׻ӦͣƵתڰף˵
Ͱ뷨һһۻΪֻǸԱĿܣ˿ⲻñһ¡
Ҳƺҳɨ˼ۣתֳڰ׿ȥ
ڤۻҲްӦ
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ĿǰΪֹڤۡ
ҳֻù롯ݣڰйҺ߻һʱ䡣
һ˲䣬˼зӿҳԸмã

ȴһԵһݵľȹ󣬾Ͷҳʵôͳ淢ʲô£
ҪˣҪϢĽһǺΪĽݲ֪񲻼򵥣Ҳܹ˳˴
ҳʵڳ̫ˣЩɻ浽׷ʲô
ʵĽһ֪Ҷ˲Сı˷֣ͷжҽĽҾ䣬ԼһӺϡ
ԣƵ˵ͷȥҳ
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˵ţ𾪵ȻĽҡ
Ҳü£üҳڴûˡ
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ڵĹȻӿЪ֮ǵϯǿѹȣֻһܰûɢ
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͵ضӹȥ
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ʲôˡɤԾ˻ɤǡ
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ԶȴͽȻһɶԷӸ֮С
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ҳһ·ǰǼҾ¥һߣһ߰Ľ﷢֪ŷֿұѾҵĽݲķ䣬ϢȻ͸е洫һž׷
ȻҳƽֱȴһһľսżһʱŴ󴭿Ȼأ
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ڣżѰŸطţҳע⵽ڼˣһ̧۳΢΢Ц¡
ҳֻԵͷ⿴ǻ˵ǻˣ
͵ȵץӷˣҲſҳڿ˵˰ɣ
֪γȥǸʲôżмȫߡ
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һʱ䣬ڵ˶ҳͻĶŪ¡
ͷûҳһ
ҳЦЦ̧ۣǸ硢ֱֱ˫ǳɫһǵҪڤۣҪС
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֪ĽңƿԽҪǰĽң
ֻҪ£ɷȻҲӲ
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ҳĿһ۾硣
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120 
޷ľڤ۶ϣһ˲ȴҲȻܽס
ȻݷپãڶԷһ΢ĳ֮ϡ
궼ƱѹȣѡǷõУɢĿ־壬Ҳڲݳжһ롣

ȥģ
ҳ΢üһ˵һ߽ƫ˼磬˵⻰ڤۡ
Ȼڴ˴ôܵȥˡ
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Ų֣Ľݲ˳Բʲô¡
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ȷĽзųĶĽݲϵ֮õġ

һأĽݲĹ̽е쳣˳
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۷䣬ҳĿŵһ仰ˡ
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ĽݲӰſڡ
һֱʱʱע⶯ҳſɲǼ䣬ĽݲѾ
ˡһƵ̾ɤȴַ·һ㲻֪Уϵ˹
ҳſĽݲ㶼£漴ҳƫ˼磬ڴһ߿Ľ档
40
Ľݻ
ͬʱ֪߽ţҲ֮ƫͷȥǡþͼȻߵĽݻ
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ĽݻĶһ٣ҪƫͷȥĽݲǡڴʱһŮ

Ľڼ˺
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ղѴ֮ĽݲԸҳ뿪ûоŵĽ˷ֺ
ҵġĽݲߣĽ建źź촽ɤԶ׼ĵ
һվĽݻδκŻ³ޡ

֪񲻼򵥣뻢ıƤԷͶŵԼʱĽݲûг顣
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ʴĸоزܡ
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ĸӣ⻰治١
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Щһ񡢶ԼģĽݲһǰ
ˣԶԸģί߶ֻȨ֮ơ
ӽЩˣûĽݲ֪ҳ˶񿹺⡣
Ҳ׸ԭ
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ĽݲǰҳΪڵݿµϣһ˫ռ۾ֱֱҳ
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ûҳشƾѾø޳ܵϻ쵰
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ôһ䣬ĽݲʱŭĿǱббŵġŵɫ仪ӣ֪ģҶѾ˵ˡ
뵽ʲôĽݲֵǹޣ

ʱ򹴴ĽݲĵȻǳ˿
Ϊµ࣬ĽݲҿԸǺ
˵գͼŲ伸䣬Ҫڵһ˲ٿȻ˴ȥ
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ҳǣǣǣһ䣬Ҳ䣿
Ǵÿ
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Ľݲ֪֮ҲڵĹαγ󣬻ٴһٶա
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ֻ˭Ҳû뵽鷢̫ϡ
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ڤ磬ʹиڵһٿᣬ׼ڤָ˵ٳָʲô
Ľݲе뷨һһ֮£ҿȫûз
ΪԼһܹʲôӰ죬Щͷ֮ԡκ͹޴ʵϵ֤
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ĬĬһڣ汰ɡ
ֳ꣬ȥ
ͼҳЦһڤۡ

ԭµǵĽݲؾżǰ֮˺ôһ䣬Ȼ©һġ
ڤڤۣ
ҳĽݲ𾪵ķӦңңڤۿۣüһڤ۶԰ɣ
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ҳһ漴ջߣл
ԣĽݲʿˮ
ڤۡ
С׶Щʲôˣ
׾ڴˣĽݲԽԽľȶʼ
ɷûץǾ㿪ǡʱҲŴֵǵ±۾㣬ʲô˶вġ
***
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ϸǲȥĽҡ˭Ľݼ˵ҪԺʹһһҳͶĹޣΪ׵콣ŵĴӣĽݼ֢֮콣мһ

ҳδĽݲΣǰѾְγĹΣĽݲڣҲҵġ
ҳΪԼʲô֮ȴԿĽݲȴ֮ͽԽ˴ӹŹأ԰ͽȥҲˡ
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ô֢ߣ㶼ֻ̱ڴĽݲջúõģ֤ڴ֮ǰδ֢
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˷ҳϥڴ֮ϵһĻ
ҳͬϵͳ˵ˣ
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𣿡
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˲䣬òҲͬʱӰֳǳĹϣ͸¶ʸУŹ޵ٳ嵭Щ
ʱתͷˡ
Ϧ¶ջƹ񣬶Ȼ
żƹһ߸ͣһߵѯʣˣӿɻʲôԸ
Ȼ졢˵Щʲôһһӡƹ״׹ٲŲɿȥˡ
ʱһ˷ƹվĵط
ֻһλ뷢Щסݿȴģվǡ
Ե˼ˣֻʱܽϳ
˱ɢе¸أǿ΢ɽˡ
΢ɽ˼ȻžҪ񣬿Ժ߼Ϊ
Ȼ׼ǰȻһסĶɤỺдмû䣬αˣѲǵǸŵҹˡ
˵䣬Ȼ΢ɽˣͷ΢ʣƴҴҴôڵңôڵϦ¶ջ
ԣ΢ɽһûҪ񣬷Ǳȥβ˵𣬡֪֮ΣиȻҿųͽ㵱ˡ

΢ɽˣǵʱ븸ĸ
Щ켣磬Ϊɢ˵ϻְΪȻӪϦ¶ջȻ𾴡
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˶٣ȻŰѻϡ
ʲô
Ļ΢ɽ㶣Ŀⰵ˰Ȼ˵ġģڤ۵ڲݳǣ
Ȼͷȷʵҽջ˶Էҵ·
ǰԭԭ֪΢ɽˡ
ĩˣȻɫһݣת۶΢ɽˣ£㲻ոյºͣơ
״΢ɽ£
Ȼ΢̧д˿չֳģǺεҰģôӦö֪ɡ
ԣ΢ɽ˵ͷһٲȻһԴϼ̬ûһ˿ǡ
Ȼףȥɣøɾ㣬ĪҪ°ѱ
԰գ˰֣΢ɽˣ֮ﻹзŵġֶ꣬һжλӰ㡢һơ
΢ɽԶȥıӰȻϣ𽥸𼸷ĺ⣬ɺѪ
꣬һһĸ߰ЦɢȥȥԶЩΪġǹ⴫ĿЦ

һߣҳ뿪Ϧ¶ջ㾶ֱǼҾ¥Զȥ
һһ˵ǡԶԶܿһ¥ĵطվʱҳȡ
ڰ׹

˲ڰףҲ˵
ҳ΢һһ䣬ƺ˲٣ǽʲôǻĴӡ
ãҳŲһϢ
ˡ
ҳʶס룬Ժôڰס
ڤǲ֪ˡߣɡ
֮ܶ䡣
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ҳΪһƿϢڰʱȻԡ
ڰϣʲôϢ
ҳ𾯾һʱ䣬֮õ˼£ҳ˿˴˴Щ롣
Σɾòģϵͳ
ҳϵͳΪһ
ϴĽһУҳ޷ľͽȥʱòֻ˵Ϣƻ߳ࡣ
˼ˣҳϵϢȫȥ΢һǽǴȥ
ҹֵǶ˵ϢҲһʲô˵
ҳһ̽ӿȥ˲ԭء
ǵϢԴǡ΢ɽˡ
ɷ
***
΢ɽȻˡ
ɷ
ʱ˳ڴˣʲô
ҳСĵķųʶ̸
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Щɡ
΢ɽ˵Ȼһƭ㲻ɣ£һᾡЭ㣬ҲҪˡ
ҡĽҵСǽ˰ɡ΢ɽ˵ʱƴֻ̣Ҫˣʱұ㲻򡣡
ò˵΢ɽȷʵ
ĽȫƾĽݻһ˳𣬶ȻֻжС㵱һμ鹡
֮ܶĳȥˣҲʲôҫҵˣƽһ֮ˡ
ú̡
ҳĵȻȻɷᣬֻֽɷڴˣȥ˺η
ҲʲôڤڴˣɷȻеӹ
ҳ˼ţȻһߺȣ˭
żҳһ
ˣ

ҳҲһȥ
볯ž¥ȥȴǲˣǰ¥Ʊػͬɷ΢ɽ˶ϣӳĵطǡú;¥෴
ҳһ뿪˵أпնϵͳ˵һ˵üͷšôᱻ֣
ɷӦûᷢ
ֽΪޣʵҲ൱⽵Ϣڵ£ӾͲӦᱻɷ

ҳӿЩɷƺ׷ˡ
ͬһʱ䣬ϵͳҲ˴𸴡
̵ĵԺ
ϵͳϵͳƷԱϡ
õظҳһ͡
˼ɷթңʡ
ϵͳ֮ǣɷδҳ
ȫڷľ߶Ƚȫûϵһ㡣
ϵͳǡ
ҳ
ûжʱ˼ȥɷԷȻϵģҳٶѸ١
̫ˡ
ɷ׵İΪҲ֪ãûñ׷

ˡɷɤҳ΢ɽ˲ûиҲ˵ھֻʣˡ
ҳ˵ͣ
һ˲ɷ׷ԶɷϴűɱЦ⣬˵ʲôˡޣ
ڤ£ɷֻȲҳ˽öֻ࣬Ǻܿ뵽ʲô
ǹҽɷٿȻ϶
Ȼڤ˽ⲻ࣬ɶ޸ҽһԴݻ땿ڵħ֮ˣɷ֪ò١
ͼòڤഫһšȻһ⡣
Ҫǣǰ֮˷ƴжһ˵ҩζ
·㲻ߣ˴ţɷشЦ̶ȴˣǾ
ҳɫûһ˿һ仯˵һɷ
гԼ֣ɷ˿˴ÿ裬Ȼͬʱʶ࣬Ǿһȫʬɡ
һ䣬ҳֻһŨۡ
ǹΣ
ɷǱ֡˵ǲмȻֱӾͼ˹Σ
ҳʹʲôʽֻŶˡ
֪οѪ⡢꣬ɷųЩҲЩϡ͹ģһ壬롣
ղɷ˵ġȫʬƭ˵Ĺ

һ㣬ҳٺӲӲԺܿЩΣ˵
·ǿͼɷͷųεͬʱŵҳȥ·
ɷЦҪͼˡ
˵仰󣬱ǵصĹγҳϮȥ
ɫӳۣٶ֮ҳ֮ɷϺ껹µ·µģҳܵء
ۿŹμӭ
ҳ˿ûа취ˣ۽΢΢˲ֻӲ
˭֪ڹνҪסʱٿһɰ֮⸲
һתۣռ·𶼱һȥŨڵĹʧ
ȡ֮ġ
ҳޱϤİɫ
һƬ޿ռУЩɫ屻ȫɴûа㷴ء
ҳ˶ڤۣ
˵꣬ȥƺһմ֮ϣںǴһʱûɢɾ
ûйǰѱ
ҳͷݸָ̧⽫ǵǳȥţͷĿ⾫׼䵽ǸССɫڵķλ
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ȻһϮɫ仪Զһ˫ת䣬ʱʱ֡
ҳ֮ӺһףĬƬ̣쿪ڵ
һ£ڤ档


125 
ڤۻڴˣҳֻЩ죬ȴҲȫȻ⡣
Ʋһ£ڰ֮Իڤ֮ۡǰĽҼһĻûô򵥡
ڰ֮ǰֳķڤƱ
ҳΨһȷһǣڰ׵ǵ㷴ζ
˼ˣҳ۽΢ֱֱ̧ڤ۵ķ򣬴΢Ҫ˵
Ȼڵǰһ룬˫ͬԼԵͫСǳǳ΢ת͵͵ЦҳĶĤֻ
ֻڤ۵ʲô
ҳԣ˿ҡ
һֵĻδ䣬Ļ˵ˣԶļ״ҳòѰõʻʱ
ҽ/룿

˵ǴӺƺڼ
ҳȥʱǡôǰԽԹ
һ˲ԽֻƳһۣĩסɷϿ˿
״ҳջߡ
ӣʯһ£ħҲֵģȻ汻ԡ䡯ڸǹȥչЩվסš
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ڰ׵ҳǰ
վĽǶȣǡɷĿɨĵط

ҳڰף漴ƳڤۣӶԷ˫Ŀһ˿ŵĵЦ⣬
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ʱֻǰЦҽҲڰ
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ɷȻҽ˳֡վûٶ̶֣䳰ȷԽԽȥˡ
ħȻöǿԱԼΪ͵ĳ֣ȴΪħܵġ
Щɷ㡣
Զ׼ӱ飬ɷгѪһƬ죬ޣΪʲô
ţɷֳƳۣ߹
ԣҲա
˾Ӹɷһ㡣
ɾΪɷʹ˱ŭͬʱֻͷ㿪ʼЦ

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ܾﲻ̫Ծ
Ϊɷڳھ¥ħڤ۶ڴˣ¶档
⾿ɷ󣬻ǹţʵаš
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˵ţҳȥһۣЦЦ
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ҽٱֿ̬ڤۡ
ͬʱһֱδһԵħڴʱ
ųԽ˵˸ң˵
ƺһ˿ȻҲԽ˼
İĵҪ˴ȥƤء
ɷӦеĹޡ
һ㣬ɷȨȥһʱ䣬˵Ŀ㶼һϮɫӰϡ
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ɷĴȨѾ䵽ҳС
ڤ۵Լߣҳ̧Ŀȥִڤ۵˫УƳһĨЦЦ
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ɷǽڤ绹ħ磬չ鶼ҳ
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ʱһɫӰȻ֣ǡҳΧ

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ҳͳ˹ȥͼӰԽϽŵϢˡ
ڵɷͬʱԽҲȴǸ˸ɡ
ѯʰӰ䡣
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⼫ΪϤһĻҳ׸ע⵽ģʶˣãҪԱ
һοΣҳ¡
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ȴû㲨ͱѹȥ
ˣȷƵˣ
ܿ찵ӰҲŸղŵĻǱڲݳУ֪ΪκȻڴ˿ǿԴ󷢣Ѿɱ˲ʿںϡҲڡ

һӰ˵Ϣҳһ١
ϣҲԡ
˴˿̲Ϧ¶ջ
ҳ֪ģͬʱҲġ
ֻƵʣģ
ϵģӰϦ¶ջ
Ҳǣ鲼ʿĿɲϦ¶ջ
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ʱҳٿȻһ̶ϵͳĵԺںȻը̵ɦĶĤ
һ̣šһ졣
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ݲȫȣ35


126 
Ϧ¶ջΪģɭȻϯ˴ݳǣгŵơ
ҳ˵ʱֻ߽䣬ɳĹγֱԣͬʱҲӳڵ˵ϡ
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ǵ쳹ܵŭǡ֮ǰҳھ¥⣬΢ɽˡ
˵Ŀ֮Ųȥͼڵϣǰһˡ
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ԺĴɢ޴ޡɱˣ
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Ҳڼ
쿴쿴ǲ콣ŵģ
ںŵģǡ
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ǿǲ빫𣿡

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ȸƿĩһ΢ɽϥѣߵһ
ȸЦ䡣

ȸ̬ȣ΢ɽһŭ
κǰߴʱٸĻᣬѹʱס΢ɽֻҧݵųȸӣ
ƼһĻǰϦ¶ջΧ۵˾Ŀƿ
֪ģΪǳȸɱʲôˡ
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΢ɽҲ봥ǵüͷͬʱĳȸĿ֮ô
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ȸҪʲôˮ¾;ˣ¿ɲ㶯֡
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ΧһĻҳֻȸɵٴδһûҪ㻰˼ֱ
һδУȸҲ֡
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ϵڤҪɷΪá躮˽ԷԱ֮ҳһ٣Ҳû⣬ֻЩ̾
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Ϊ±Ҫڤָ˵
ǰڤȻŹ޳磬ҵȫؼģǹһҪץȻɾûˣ
ԣҩҽɶû취
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Ψ཭ߡ
ɫ塣
ԣڤ΢һĿҳΣ


127 
ٿȻתԼϣҳһͣ漴ȴҲ׹
ղЩڵӿᵽġھ㶼вΣڤ۵˼Ӧ
뵽㣬ҳ΢һףڤ۵Ŀ⣬ȫƾڤ
ֻڼڤ۽ҳʱĵЩ΢Ȼͼ۽⴦ڰ׵ӰҲʱҳǱȥ
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ˣڼҲתҳϡ
һȴ˸ա
ֻڰײ֪ʱ۽⴦ҳԣѺߵ˸ʵʵ
ע⵽ҳδڰ׺󣬽Ųǰһͬ˵֢֮ҿԽ
⻰һŵĵȫ˹䵽ҳϡ
ҩȵҽɶûа취УȺֻһ˳
˸ŸͣǰҽҲ޲ߡ
ԣҳ΢Ҫ˵쿪ڵһԴɤֻʲôҽβõģҽȴǿԡ

ҳû뵽һ˵ľơ
漴һƻ𣬡ҽȷʵԡ
οڵģĽݻ
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ͬԴ˽ģĽݻʱֲ䡣
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˵һҲ㰲ġ

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Ϥĵɤһ䣺ǹҽ
ҳµĶ͵һ͡
ֻסģǻǰķ㡣
ʱ£ҳһٺתȥŷһǳѯʣ֪к£
ȷ㿪ڣȸٿز˽
Сϲˣ
ԭڷߵˮոպͳȸ䡣
ֻǰѺӣʯҽһ£ҲǴӱ¿е֪˿̱ͬȸתһ飬û䵽Էͱⷬ
ˮʱһ飬ĵҪ㡣
Ȼͼµɫڳȸǰ˵ת˲ڳ
***
ʱĸ֮Ѿɢò࣬δħ߿λĽҲһ뿪ȴǺȻͣ
ѵÿϷϴξԼܴӳȸǸ䡯֮˵⣬ƴ˿ҲͲôˡ
躮ӦûôȿקסһߵţͬԽû׼Ժ躮Ѿھ¥ŵˡ
ŵɫٲȻھͻȥ
Խɫδ˵ʲô
ֵͿϻء
ȸ֣ɲʱʱƼ
ƴӶԷ˵Ǿ仰Уֲ

ҳû뵽ȸڴ˿̺һš
סӦΪϴκӣʯһ£ϾȻ˳ȸУϲˡ
һ˲䣬ҳĬ
ĬȸĬϣɫͲôÿˣƱȷɫ
ȸ´ҳһ˫ɫһƬ״üСΪʲôϲ㣿
ˮʱ޲ھȥѳȸϣ˱»ᵱ𣬵ʱ֮ӡ
ùĿɾǴˡ
˵óȸģҪҳĪˡ

ҳܲͶעԼϵĿ⡣
ΪĿģڤǵ⿴ߡͬһʱ䣬ڼҲ˹
С䡯
ӣʯ˰ɣԷǵʵӣȸ㡭
ȸеšڼҲϾǰһʢУǡͷȻڼڤδϯͬڤ磬ȴҲŹԷһ
˿̣ҳò΢΢һЦԳȸ˿Ūˣ䲻ͷ֮ʲô
ϲҳҲ֪ȸô뵽һġ
֮ϲҲ֪ģȴ޷ӡ䡯͡롯ϵҲ˵ǶԼҳɻǡ
ȸǴ￴ģ䡯ϲҽ
ҪƱˣȸС䲻ϲ㣬ôЯĺӣʯ㡣
˵䣬ֻ΢ŵĵһ䣬ûҡ
˵䣬ԭӣʯˣɫѾúˡ
ֻȸǱ˵ǿˣȸҲᵱһ¡
ҳЩͷˡ
뵽ʲôҳصʱҺӣʯʱϲʶŻЯĺӣʯҡڴ֮ǰͽӣʯ˻ȥ

ӣʯʥﲢ˽֪ҳô˵Ҳ͵ͨ
ҽµԭ಻ضᣬԵöһ١
Ȼ˵仰󣬲֪һ˷˼ԷıۿɼٶȻ
ҳ״˿
ͬʱֻԷɫٿԾ
55
ʲô
Ϊǵġ롯ݣҳ˵Ҳ֪ᵽ䡯ĽŻд
ȸδģͺ֣湻˵ļƣջȥ뵽ñֻ
ͬģҲٶתȥ
ҳͷһɣת۾ͬڤЦЦ˸š


128 
ҳвڤ۵⣬ǰͬҽ˼¡
ԣҳȥڳȸͷ󷽵ˮ˿̺ǰ˵
¡ҳЦ£ء
ˮֺǺǵлҽ£ű
˵һ룬ˮ˶٣ûټֺҳһк󣬽ŸϷ㡣
ߺҳע⵽ոˮߣȻǱƳȥһۡ
˵ʱڳġ
΢ɽ˶ԳȸĻӽ򣬵ʱȻ³
һ㣬ôϵͳ˽⡣
ҳԶ϶ϵͳԴһڶԷ󣬵һʱ͸ѡ
գҪͬڤһ۷¥ֻһֱδ뿪Ľݻʱ˹ڤһ뼸˵ڤ۲ǰĽס¡
ҽУǰžΣĽݻ˼ԡ
뽫£Ϊȴǲö֪ˡ
ԣҳ˿˼Ľݻ֮ΪΡ
ĽݲɱͶ˹Σòᡭ
ȻҳòһǣĽݻһдĽҺ󣬲δĽݲ£ĿƺҲ򵥵ҽرһ˶ѡ

һֱĽҴҹɫҳδȵĽݻǰ
һιĽݻˡ
ҳԴ˲⣬ʶĽݻ
һڶСȴƾһ֮ӱ߹ӣ˼
㣬ҳаԼ룬˼ŵ֮ϣ²ʱͬϵͳѯ
Ȼйأ
ҳʵֱףӵ֪ϵͳ֪ͨԭ䡯ʼĵ׾һֱи²⡣
¾õͷǷȻڣȻҪռ˲ȫȴ䵽ͷϡ
еϵͳᵽȻǼȶǡ
һо鶼䷢Ÿı䡣
ҳ˼ͨ͸Ȼһ㿼˽
ͬһʱ䣬ϵͳҲ˻ظһ϶Ĵ𰸡
ϵͳǡ
ϵͳĻشҳв֪θ롣
ֻϵͳٶȳ޻Ƶĵ
ҳ̧ͼҰиֳһкɫĻ
ݸ¡籾ʼ롭1299ɡ

ҳȴϵͳ£ɺһɫС̡֣ţϵͳ֮򿪡
ֻϵͳУλӵһġϢϷسһµ
籾
ҳ΢ 򿪡
-籾
 ԭġ
 ޶桿
 ·Զ޸桿
ϷġԭġʱҳѾ²µˣһ籾ӦþӴǱԭС˵
ĵ׵Ĳ²һҳĴ򿪿ȥ
ȻֻһİͿ˵С˵ݡ
ںľҳٿ
̶Ŀ䵽ˡ޶桯档
˵ԭġв²⣬ô޶桯͡·Զ޸桯ҳһʱһֲȷԴã
ȻɣҳҲԥĴˡ޶桯
ֻԭмֲͬݴϵͳһһ֡
дģȻ͡ԭġ˵롣
ġҳδһȻߺ󣬼̶ƤǡǧС֮ܳ࣬Ǻҳһˮ˳
ҳвͬǡ
޶桯еȻǱеĴߣӦеԹ⻷ֵ쾡¡
һ确ԭġİе

޶桯УȻİ¹⣬ħħɰ룬ʵͷ⣬ڤڤбˡ
ӳġҳȻĳˡ
ڴ֮Щ˳Ȼе
ҪɱħҪնҪڤҪ
һУҳĬлЩ΢
ߣΪ䱦ԸΪţ
ҳһ㣬صˡ޶桯ҳ棬ʵ룬㡢Խڤ˷İһʲô
ٴοϵͳ棬ҳһ·Զ޸桯
ǽȻֳͬǰ
ҳһĿʮеĿȥԽԽϤ
նһ䡮ǰƪ²ͬҳһƪȫϸϸ꣬лȻ
ڼ¼ҳϷһС
һ汾·Զ޸桯ǽҳзһ˼롢ţȫȻļ¼ڡ
ҪȥͼǰһƬհףҳ˿һһͷǾ䡮Ȼĺݡ
ҳ
ϵͳҳĬ˰Σһ䣬͡
***
²⣬ϵͳ𸴵˲䡣
ҳⲻһ˲
ϵͳϲΪǣ޸ɣԹһТ١
仰·ע٣һСǼȡϵչ鼺á
ͺñȡԭġ͡޶桯еһҳԼܹµ
ϵͳ˼ӦȡȻΪǡ
ռ˲ȫ䵽ϣͳ˳¡
ҳһĬȻ
ôҲû뵽ᷢչ
ҳǴӡ·Զ޸桱Уһǰ淢ǣҲЩջ
˵뱾δ֮ǰ
ȻȻǣԹ⻷ܡ
Ҳ˷Ϊλע⣬ͬʱһκ۵УζĿ࿴
ȫھĲɿ
Ӧ֮ʱħڤ۵ҲǸʱΡ
ʱҳʲô
ħŵһСţɽɣѹȻ˽
ڤ۸ǲᡣ
ȥ߲ݽڼҲδʲôĶ

һڤڤ֮зŸı䡣
ȻѺľ
ǸԵĹ⻷ڽʧţĴҵ·ϣӦú谭Щ֮˵İЩ׾١
Ǿ͸϶Է
һ³
ԭҲĽ֮еĳȸӦںʱȻȤǽ֮ϣȻ֮һ֡
еľҳ޵ĲС
Ҳʲôͬķߣƾһ㣬ȻĳıƣͿɿԷ
ԭͬ۲ķڡ
ţϵͳһʾĴڡ
ϵͳϵͳĹ۵㡣
޻Ƶĵ˿Ϊʱ
ҳУ˿ƹЧˣؿһۻûйȥϵͳ档̧һӣѽصҳٶȿڡ
ǣ
ϵͳǣ̳бӦеһС
ҳδ˼άϵͳȡղΪġЧ֣λظһ˿УĻص

ƽҳҪͬϵͳȤһȴǸԹ⻷Ҳڣ
ϵͳڡ
ϵͳԼ⣬ҳüʣܲҪ𣿡
ϵͳܡ
Ī޲ĵһ˿顣
ҳ˶٣ŵΪʲôܡ
⻰һ䣬ϵͳûٻأĬԶԡ
ϵͳĳĬҳֻü
ЩӦû˰ɡ
ʲôҪĵطԵҳ˼Ƭ̡


129 
մ磬ҳҪӦ֮ԣŵһˣԽǱߣҹ˶ԲߣŸ˰⡣
ֻԼҪжգҲȥ
ǽˡ躮⡣

յŵİ⣬ֽ״ʱħλħһ
ֻƵû
ͷҹ˵Ҫ¿һȸ֡Ӿ˵һû׼֮躮Ҳڵˣϻ֮һֱȵ߷ǰ׶δˡ
¶ɫţ˿ȣȥ
ɫһ޷ЩʲôĪģһӲͷƤ绹ǡ
ԭȾ˵Ҫ⾵ٻأ͡
ԽԽԼ֮ǰˣƻ˵һ죬׼ſڡ
ֻǻδҳĴűʱġ
ſڵİͻȻҴˡ
˿Ŵ󿪵ĴڣһֻССİɫֽ״Զ

תͷһ̶ɿֵܣļʱ
躮ſ죬ƶ֪Ȼ˵ȥᷢʲôͻأĽŸҲ֪Ӻζ
ţ̧־Ҫȥӡ
Ȼֽ׽ӹתƼ߷ֽ׺ת˸
״ƶƬ̣ѭֽ׵ķȥ
ֻһεֱֱֽ׳׹ȥ
գССֽף䵽һֻС
⣺
ͬʱȥ֪躮˵ЩʲôΪû
˶£Խһɨֽл
ĩˣɫħּֽڿ֡
һ۾Ͱֿ˸ȫ׸ڣҪдգأ
Ҳǲ죬ɷԱǰϦ¶ջ;УѾɷϢݸ˻
ȥɷ𣬼ȻɷˣҪ˼
ģҲǴ˿̷м롣
˵ҿ˿Ƴɳţһ׵Խĵ躮ڣܾ˵͡
ٿأֻŰ⡰һ
Ƶע˲䱻һ̶⿴˹ȥ
֮ǰڵҹΣ᲻ᡭ

һΪ˲ö֪һЩű߼ʵĲ²⡣
˵죬ƳƳ˼
һĥ躮֮ʣһߵҳԴ˲ö֪
ʱ뿪Ľҡ
ֻٳǰҳǰȥһڤۡ
Ȼ޸İˣҪγλڤʯɡ
գҳҲѸٳĽݻΪڤ۰ŵľȥţϵͳʾ
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ҳմϵͳ鿴
һĽ
ȻɺеĽ֮ϡʾһܽΪƵĽӣҲˡ1
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ԼĪܽ٣б֮ʡ
ҳһۺ㽫֮ص
ӦǴ˿Ĵŵˣֻǲָ֪ƵĽкιϵ
鿴ļ϶ҳĽŲͣ
ܿߵһԺ䣬;·ǰԺʱʱɼŮСˣԽӽڤߣ̱ϡ١
ӦĽݻⰲŵġ
Ҳϸġ
ҳԺʱֻһ5˵ڼڡ

֪ڼڴˣҳȥûпڰס
һڤҵڰ׾Ȼڣҳɨɨʲôˡ
ҰУƮ
ҳֻƾһ㵭ɫĽ򵥱ڤ۵ķλ
ҳ׼ȴŶ
ڤۣҪˣ
ҳĶͣϺ̧Ŀֻҳȥһ˲ԭȻĴŵİɫʧ
ȡ֮һ߻Ӱ
ˣҳڤ΢ףǣ˴¹ͬڤ۽ڤʯһá
Ŷ£ڤȻҳǰɫǳӹ
ҳʶӿڣš
Ӧֱӹȥ
±ڤ۽£˵ҳԲ΢С£ֻͳЩҩɣܵŵ顣
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һҳǰڤҪڤʯ߶Ԥϡ
һЦٿȻֻڤۻЦ¡
̶鲼Ƶĺɫʯͷس֣˹״ҳ̧ȥӡ
ڤʯкҳ۾лڤۣ¾͡
Ļδ˵꣬ҳ㱻ȥ
ؽ

֪뷨ڤȻסҳĺ
һ䡮ؽҳڤʯڤʥ
֪ʲôӣߣ磬ҳҲտġ·Զ޸桯д¿һ
䲻ϸȴҲ֪ڤʯ
˼ˣҳڤۡ
Ȼǲڣֻڤ۵ġ
ͬϴһ߲ݰ㡣
ҳһ٣ڤֿۣĽ
5û⡣
ģǾֻպϵͳἰǸӦǵԹ⻷ˡ뵽ҳ򴽣Ǹ5Ľû·Ҫ俴仨
ǻûȵҳ仨ǸҰеĽٿŲ£ϻһ䡣
ÿ𣿡
ҳδعż䣬Ծ˳Żأÿ
Цһ˲һжÿ
˵֮˵죬պǳǳĵǱʶ븽ȥ

ȻΣҳȴǻع̧ٶȼڤ΢УƺٵԾʾ˵á
֪ڤϲȤҳͣһ롣
һ룬ͼ𴽽ЦЦϷ·һ͹ΡгϣƻܿϵϸСë΢һգᡣ
ǳÿ
ҳɫڿ佱ͷһʱ鲻Խڤ֡
⻹ҳ״ͬڤ˵˳ŶԷĶȤһ䡣
ţҳʧЦ
鲻Խ
ȷʵе㡣
˭뵽֮ڤۣ˽ﾹϲá
ţ뵽ʲô
ҳһ͡
տġԭġ͡޶桯š
ڤۺڤ۴ྶͥкʵֱȫͬˡ
˼ˣҳ֪Ʈȥ
Ȼʧȥֻһʻ𣬽˼ϡ
ж鲻Խ


130 
ٿżһ϶ҳתͷȥڤ۵Цſԡ
ͣƬ̣ҳ΢΢˶ӵĿ⡣
ĩˣڣ콣Ŵӻǰţ¸ˡ
˵գҳͷҲصԺȥ
ڤ۵ǲδֹ
ҳ˵ʵ˿ĽǰУ콣⡣
ڵ֪ڵ֢֮İ취ȫϣҽͬǻȥ
֮¿̲ݻʶմЩ˱׷Ľҵĸš
ҳҲΣֻһȥǡ
ǰʱǰ˼ǰڶмڡ
쳽ĵӡ
û뵽Ȼô󵨡
·Զ޸桯Уųϡ͵ĹڸϣҲȷҪڤ֮˼
֪ǣڤʯֽȻܹչΣڵҲ
֮ܶǵʴܹ޸֮⣬ѵ֪ڤ޹أζ뵽

ҳȥʱһӾסˣȫת˹˵˾䣺ҽˣ
һʱ䣬߾Զ׼ǰѯʣҽͬһ콣Σ
˵ȥһŰɣʦ屾ǳŲ˶á

һȺ࣬ͬϣҽܹһȥ
ҪγΣҲȷʵҳ
ջĽݻ߹ΪΧ
λһԡ
ͼĽݻⲽǰмһ֡
ҳ˿ʶһۺЦ¡
ĽݻΧǰŵĵȫֻĽݻݡѾ嶤ϵĽμĻøЩӣο˻ڶԷĵϡ
ʶ˿ȫֻĽݻڡ
״ĽݻһЦλлٶڵؼҽǰΣҽֻһˣȫùҽ׸ǰԼţǽйҽΪѣ
һ˶
ȷʵռˣڳһ̬
ЩڿĻĽݻ˵ԲݳΪģҽǰ·;ýιȥ
ʡʱʡҳصܡ
Ǹ⣬ڳ˾顣

лҳĽݻЦЦ
ߵİ취ȻҲ뵽˵ģֻǶԷԸǰΧɿĽݻΪˡ
ҳ
Ľݻ֮ͣҽ˺л˺õϻĵطҽҪǡ
⻰Ѿ˵飬ҳס
ѶŵĵӾڵóȫǰסµĿջ׼ҳĽݻһĽҵš
ۼݳģɽɣһССɣ֪ҽһǰȥɽɣһɽɵЩϲ
һţҳһĽݻͬἰɽɵڡ
ɽɾݳǲ֮ңȥֻӣһķҲһҷɵִ
Ľݻ˵ţǰĽҸ
ɽɣҳȷʵû˵˿棬ȴĽݻͣ»ͷ֪ѾˣֻǸһȥס
Ľݻ˵һ䣬ⲻǹҽ˵ĵܵ𣿡
ҳſɨȥֻǰڤδڰףȴڴˡ
ڰףҳ߹ȥһ
Ļһ䣬ڰҲ֮䰵ɫڸӦ
ҳһ٣̶ʵô
ʳڰҲشҳ˵󣬽ֲеģ
һ䣬ͼҷסһĨͽȻ𣬵̼ȥ
ϵģҳûش
ȻΪڰ׻ʹ˳ĬȥʱԳɤС
ڰףҡ룬㡣
***
ɫ͵͵ģȴ쳣ǵ·Ϊܹ⻰ˡԱϣ˵üΪ
ҳ۽΢գգڰ׿ȥ
ͬʱЩǰջ׼ĸڵȫˣ˵˵˹Ľ˲ޱȡ
ƺΪûеȵĻش
ڰ׵ٶ
ظһ鷽ŵĶԻ˳˲٣롢㡣
ԣҳ֪Ҫܾ
Ȼڰ״ߣٲû鷳
ҡ
ʱŵȫ˹ֻҳ뿪
ҳü΢£ĩڰףĬ÷ŵǾ͸ɡ
˵գҳһڰס
ֻ˵仰ϵͳʾ֮
 0.5
ҳתͷĽҸڣƺҪ͸صԺǽǸԺ䡣
һΣɺϡ
˵ϴΣҳн͡
ôϴĽʱһĻ
ҳĵֵǸ²ǿҡ
ڰסڤۣǾǲͬһˡ


131 
ԭġ͡޶桯ҳδ꿴ݴ󶼲Ϊṩο
ҳ̼ǵãһͬڤ۵һлɹڤ۵ʱڰϽ¡
֮ҳת˸˼·
ʶŻڵʱ㡢һ뿪¥ʱһ˿ڰϡ
ֻɣڰ׺ڤ֮ĹϵԼΪ򵥡
һ־㶼գҳͷųεɲǡڤٿȻʱõӡ֤
ڰ֮ǰ¥ʱҲǶԷ
˿̣ҳһενǷԼŵϵǵ뷨ҲӾˡ
¿һжֻĲ²⡣
ҳ΢תŸŵĵһڰһ˲ݳǾֱɽɳ
;ǳһܴͷۣҳǼ쳽ĵӿе֪Ȼ۷˳ڡ
Դˣҳδ룬ڰ˴ڷ֮ϵһ᷿ڡ
·;̣ȴҲҳʳЩʵˡ

֪Ϊҡҳûֱ׵ʳǷйڤۣ˵Ķ԰˵δЩ֡
룬ʱνԼӺοġ
һ˲Զ󿪣ɵϵһΪͬһˡ
˼ˣҳĿڰ˫޲İɫʱκγ˸е
ڰײûиش
ҳ߱˱ôֱֱؿͼӶԷ￴ЩʲôһУһ
ҳһʱҡ
ͬһˣôڰȱν͡
㣬һĨ֣ҳ΢ͬڰ֣Ѱ𣿡
һ˵ҳڰۣʱԾЩѭѭպСļƣֵ̧Ķʾڰ
ҳ߹ȥ
ƺĻЧҳһָڰһ˳ͬ
ĩˣڰ쳣㱩¶ҳ¡
ҳ˿̽˹ȥ
ִڰͬʱҳ۽΢΢´ȥ˫أɣԺһὫ̽ڣҪ
ҳĶָµ󰲰ȵ棬ָ档

ҷֱĿŶ֮ˣɫ·ڴ˿һȦһȦͽ
רעл˳ָ֮̽룬ҳδ֣Լϵ𽥼
ΨһܿһĻˣ˿Ŀ
ҳûпǣʱ֮˵У˫ɫ췢ŵı仯
Ǽ΢ת䣬Ǽǳɫ֮ȡǰɫӣ׻һ˫

ٿȻƳŵڤ˫СԶȥڼ֮˹ȥһ
һ˲ּ˫ɫ΢գڼͣһڤۣǷҪ۷ڤ磿
ٶ䲻кȥҲá
Ҳ֪˴˿̶ǲڲ֪ĴƱز׾ҵ
ֻ꣬ڤۻۣɨӹްĨЦ⡣
˶٣ڤ۵Ҳء
ż⻰ڼüٿȻڤۣڤۿʲô»Ҫ
䣬ʶԲףڼδڿڡ
Ժһʱóš
ΣڼһǳЦ漴һЦɤ
ڼҪʣ̶ͼڤʵڤҪȥģ
ڤۣȥ
***
ҳĽ̽ڰں󣬲ͬһĻǰ㣬ǵȥ˿΢ĩɫڰ˼졣
ͷҪڰ̽
ϧȥԲܲκε״
ڰδҳЩҪġһıĤ
һ̣ҳջһ˿̽Ĺȥڰף˫ɫϡ
šҳƬ̲ŵûʲô⡣
˵ţЦ£ȴϵͳͨ
ҳǵûв״ͬģϴԡ躮ݺͶԷʱڰΪԽϵΪġ
ʱҳڰʵǶһ㡣
ͷһһʼһװ˵״̬˽֣Խ򣬡дҲ֮ġ
һҲδ̽
ܼ𣿡ҳʡ
ϵͳʾ쳣

ûϵͳǵõЩʲôõϢҳҲ㲻پᡣ
ʱɽɵˡ
ͣºɽɵĵӹҽ
ҳųȥֶԽڰ׵ҡ
·ֻصʼĽʱ״̬ҳȫȻڰ׵ܵܰԴԹԵģԺҪܡ
ɽǸʲôҳö֪˿ҲֻԵĶһ䡣
Ϊ֪Լѣڰǲܡ
һĻɽɵĵȴһ
ҽ˴ܵáǰǴĽݹԷô˵ʶɽɵĵӾΪڰ׾ǹҽĵܵܡ
ԣҳҲûж͡
һ֮ɽɣɽɵĵؽ粻㣬ԼĪֻаĽǰС
ڵɽɵӻҽ˻¶ʲôı飬ɫ糣ɢһ̬֮˷壬̲ס׽֮⡣
ҳ̬ⷬɽһ˹֡
ɽԹҳȥ˰йεĵԺ䡣
ڤʯȡЩεḺ́ò󹦷ҳϻƺõĵҩûзѶʱ䡣
Щйεĵڹαγһ˲ѹٷµҩ˴룬һɵҩҲΪ

ɽеļӾɡ
ҳһǰţʱգշŵִﳯڡ
֪ǲ;ʦŽ쳽ļֻҳŵĵҽ꣬һǰڡ
ް㻵βҪҳʵۺǲȱʲô֮Ϊڲ˸
ʵϣҲȷˡ
Ȼ޽֮ǻķһеġ
ʶͳһֵҲһڵĿ
ҽ˼ձۣǰ쳽Ϣһоβ١쳽ǵ
ǲžΣҳδһϢΪٸҲϢ
˰γκڷ֮ǲϵҩ
ҽҲٵޣҩίʵ̫ԡ˻ҪȰ
ˮĵÿսеǰҩҳ֪Ŵ˵
ڣٿżһϢ
ҳȥڰ׵İɫһ˲˲Ķӹ˶һڰظһ飬Ϣ
״ҳȻʧЦúúãϢϢ
ţ˱ż쳽塣
ֻǻûһϵ쳽壬ƽʱƼ쳽ĵӣн̸ʲô
ǰ·ļȥʣҳż˼˵
ǿн̸ģһ䡣
ڤۺħ쳽弸ˣҲ֪λھΪ¡


132 
쳽˵Ļһҳһʱȥڰף˳Ľëɨɨѯʡ
ڤڳڣΪڰûѡ
ʱǼȻߵҳߡ
ҳһļͬǴ˴кҲһʲôɳʵλʦַ˵ʲô
˵գ˼ǵĿ䵽ͬеҳϣͣλǹҽˣȥϡ
ҽ֮ʹˣһޣҲԶǿǱҩȵҽɻҪ
ǰջҩǰҽǺҲҽҽཻ̽ҽ
˿˾ǹҽһҲûʲôˣǷ˵ڤۡħǰڶա
ҳţɻȴҲʵġ
Ȼ뷨롢һ⻰ļԱѯʣڤۺħʲô
żҳ˳ƿˡ
ֻԷڤۡͲ֪ˣħˣǻǴһЩġ
ҳһ٣ǣ˵Ϊħ𻤷½ʦʶ

ǽҡ躮
ɡ躮ҪжգҲħһǰڵԭ
Ҳ֪ʱʶĵӡһԭΪǵӣǰ߲δϸ˵ȴĥ㣬ʾ
֪ⶼ֪£̧°֪ͣǸĵǸʲôˡ
Ȼܺ͡躮ཻ˵ţߵı鿴ƺ뵽һ
֪ƣҲǲӵӡ
ѵһԵģҡ躮Ϊ٣гһձܺԼΪ֡Ҳƻһʼԡ躮ʾã֪֮õĹϵ
֪Ȼ˽⣬ʶ֪ǸյĵӵΡ
һ㣬֪һ
һһǰȥʱһ䶷ĽĹŵӰεͷ
£üë˵Ϊ
˵ţüͷһ塣
ҲΪ˽⡮躮֪½ʵףҲ˿
Ҫ˵ʲôܴ򶯡躮ģˡ
һƵȥ˼쳽Ӵˡ½
ҳ쳽˵һĻ
***
ҳΣҲ벻˭ԶﴫЩ쳽Ϊ躮͡½ʶ
˵ʱӣʯ¶ڡ롯ϣн͵ءô躮롮½ˡݣ˻ݣȫǰ˸ӴŵĹϵ
ҳһʱʧż쳽ȥķβתͷͬ쳽塣

˿쳽⣬ۼŲٵӣ׷ײʱпȥ
Ŀڤۺħ𰡣ڤʮ֮һġɣ
ԣ֮ǰڵ伮зĵξɱΡ
˵һ죬ʮĵħʮħϡ
ʣʮħͬʮĸ
Ⲣδм¼һʳ˲ȼһ˵ĺ
ħʮħڤʮ
һΪ
˵ţΪˣҸּ
һΪʵ仯Ī⣬ʮŶһŵֶΣ֮ͬһξþס
һʮ֮ʮλħıҪöࡣ
һΪʮħʵۺ񣬶ڸֶεʮӦʵϡ
ʶһϣʤӦѹԵġ

ôһ˫ַ磬ִݡ
Ӧʮ
Ϊʮħ
ʮ񡣡
ʮħ
ǡʱЦһϣħ
һ仰ֹס˴һƬڿȥȴǷеһλ߳
Сڣ˴Ϳһ䣬ֽħ磬ֻоħûʲôʮħ
ɷѱһʱ䲢ȻЩǴе֪ʮħģ֪ɷһҲпԭ
£ͣĸҪڼΪһšĳƺţϾȥעЩ
˵ϢͨģǵɢĪ
ɢڻ½أʲô紵ݶжš
ֻǵɷ£ʱΪ˱ܻһħ˷ѹ٣ԿȥϢҲࡣ
¾ȶȴǲٹ˼࣬˵Ҳ˵ˡ
Ⱥ쳽ǱϢˣͷһЦЦ꣬ƶ£̧Ŀ㳯ǰ濴˹ȥ
ҽ

Ե֪ڤۺħ쳽󣬴˿ڴ֮⿴վһ쳽һʱҳҲþˡ
ƿڴˣǰͬк
ҳ߹ȥʾ⡣
ԲŹҽһ쳽һҿ˿ǹҽ
һֱҳҵļӴʱҲ飬ǰָ·漴ԭվûҽ롣
ԣҳĿ˵֮˵˵ͷֿڰףǽȥ
˵䣬ҳ̧ȥڰ׽
״׼͸͸һתۣŸ˺˴
ҳ²һ޶
ȥڤۺħڼţаҲڣԭڲݳеһȫתأ˳
ҳֵ룬÷ͬȸˮǲڣֻ뵽޹뿪Ϧ¶ջʱδ˵ְü
֪ǲǷϰߡ䡯ֽл㱨٣ʱգҳûյԷ֮ࡢѯڡ
Ҳʱҳ󣬷ֳ²ڵеļˣλԵ롣
ԪˮϪ᰷Կȫڡ
˴̣ҳԼзΧЩŹ֣Ҳ룬ڵȻ˽ˡ

ҳǰһ漴˵Ա˽ס
ҳȥʱȴ׵ڤ۳΢˹޳ָ⣬
ڼڤһ࣬ˣҳ̧ǰڰಽĸš
˼Լǰĵ׻ͷǰڤۣڰףҳٿȻЩ
Ĳ²ǷʵҳҲȷ
ϵͳǱ޴Ӽﲻԣ֮ܶƽ֮д˵졣
ҳҪɣԼǲĲ´ˡ
Ҳ˵ڤôڰף˵ԸҲȻͬʹڰٻԼ
ҳڰΣҲǸҪչ˵ĵܵܰĴڡϾڰױӶá
ڤ۾Ͳһˡ
ʼգҳԡǿصġ
һƺôݵϲãڤҳ͸ġ

ҳ˼һʱЩɢĽŲȣǰڤ۵б󷽣ڼԡ
мǿλδö
ҳ΢ͷòԵͬڼͷʾ⣬תͷȥͱһӰӳۡ
ɫǰ˹ȥҳ͡
ͼڰֱмλϣ˶һ˿䵭ûʲôĿǰ


133 
ҳͬڼкĶϣ۽⴦ڰ׵Ӱռһڼ˸ʵʵ
״ҳɫһü
Żдɣ˿ȴɻȫв²õ֤ʵĸо
˼ˣҳ㽫˻
ͬʱһµɤ
ʹƻ磬ڤ۳ƽϢйҽܵȺĸڵκáҲȫڤ𣬹ʶԪĶڵĽڣ䱾Ҳһ˵µɡ
¹ףҲȷʵΪڤ֮
񵽵ڤˣȻûΪǽ׽ú紦һ£ԪΪҪġ
ҳǶԪ˽⣬Էô˵Ҳ˿⡣
һжǹ¹죬ڹҽΪΣҪ㡣
ֻԪ˵մԺڼǱ˲䴫ӿĴ졣
СȴԴ
ħ޹أżԪԣҳ桢Խ׵λϳǡ
ˣһϲװǻơ

Ϊ㣬Ʋ֮סˡȥ
£ҪߵļƣڼǱߵĶʱȻ;ҲûôȤ
뵽㣬ƺϾļȥһԵţֿϷļƣֻڼסǸƥѡ
Ȼеĳûе
ȴԪδڼĶκαʾֻڽתڤ࣬ͣҳϡ
һ룬ٶԪһһ۵˵˴λҪлҽ
˵գҳһ
ǰͬСһԪĶȴ޵ӡ
֪ԪƢˡ
ҳûƾܣȻһ
ţԪ򽭽߷
ȻΪߵʦ֣ȴʼտ񽭽ţԪһжýᡣ
ҲֻԪˣһԿ̧棬¶۾УЦնϪգգۡ
ϪεƳƳλʦ֣ĩһʼ磬˸޹زɷԲĿ͡
ԪճߵĻ

׽һ£ǳɤڵ
ҳڸű֮ʣҲͽ˸顣
ɽ̬
ٺʲ
Ҳǡڤǰڣ䲻ԭɣҲἰ¡
ѻ˵꣬Ԫ۳룬أԵ˵ͷ
ҳԣƫͷƳڤۣ߲ޱʾƶԴ˿ν
һȻ˽룬Ǵ˴µЧʣҲΪڤڴѰʲôͷ
Ҳȫܣ͵ʴס

ѳΪݵĴڣֻǲ֪δȥɷҳɹڻ
ܾ̫Щ
ͬɷ̫򵥵ģȻҲƵˣֱ׷һ£̧˿ȡ
Ƶ
Խɨһۣδ˵
ˣƲŶ׵֪λӺڣ
˼նûмˣ֪Էʵ쳽д١
˿֪һΪ׷ٵģƲɸ̾
ǵڼˣ֪ǵ
躮䡯½
***
ϲͬǿߴ򽻵ƵԺЩ档
ֻһ˼նԷΪ֮ǰõϢ½롮躮ʶһҪжգһֲڳ֡
뵽û׼˿̡躮ں͡½һ飬ʶдһʡ
СͽܣŻͬڤ٩٩̸ˣ˿ٿسĬȥһʱЩζӡ
Ҳ½Ѷδ飬˶٣ſڣδ顣
ֻشҲҡ½
ֻһһ٣ἰһħ𻤷ʱҲһʡ
뵽ü΢£
߶ȽŵעǱƺͽ̸ҳô½١
žͼĽˡ5

˼һʱ䱻СͽռĿ˼
ǿûлͷ˱Ǵˣ̫࣬Żᡭ
Ȼǡʱֻ˵½ڳڵ͵һͷͬſȥ˵躮᲻Ҳڣ
ֳˣ໥ʶ
ɲǼ䣬˼ɣһ¾ͨ˹ϡ
ΪԼвòĻɸеСͽ˿˿εĽٿȻôһ䡣
˵ʲôֱֱƿȥڷֱ仰٣ͬʱü£
ħ𻤷ʶ

Ȼ֪˵ɲɵᣬײóһۡ
ҳԱڼ𣬡躮½ʶ
Ҳ쳽´һжţ˿̵֪躮ټƺĹŵһڼü
ŵڼٿȻ֮׵϶ʶ
һ츳ʶҲʵӦ
Խ룬ͻȻ;Щζ
躮ôӲ˵һ츳޼ĺѣȻûͬᵽһΣ
һӿͷ
顮躮һ·ɳģŶԡ
ͻȻ֡֮С
仰Ų֪ʱƫͷͬ˾䣬Ҳδ˵
ԣתͷȵŵͬʱ𽥸һͬת˲־ο١
֪ģֹһˣ躮Ƕء

޶˶˵ģ躮ͬ½֮Щ˽תֱ£žͱ¶һϢ
ҳ۽޶գͼղͣš
һ뻹£һ˲ͳѯټֻǲ֪ԺֻתΪʲô

ҳãԼ˿̾ڱͻ𺣰㣬һʱ׹ѣһʱ˿
˷нԡ
ôᷢչ˹ز
ҳɫԹŹ֮ʣԪ˵ڲ֪ʱÿơ졯ա
Ϊʱ֪ҽ۷һ·˿ֻԪʱ磬ҽۣȥϢһ
ҳ״ξãλڳƹܽɵˣ˵ʱʱʱ̧ͬԷͶȥһԪԾĪĸмߡ
м꣬ҳͬڤ۵¸ˡ
Ƶ˽δ㣬ڵҳǷΧ֮ڡ
ħڣӦڻڴʱ뿪ȥҡ躮ġ
Ϊ뵽һ㣬ҳĶ΢ЩУֻǵĲڴż˵Ĳ²еһͷƤ顣
Щ²һһףҳҪǵͷԡ롯ȴǲУԴڴ˴ľ֮κΰ
գҳתߡ
Ŵλ̤һʱһЦ㡣
ҳĶ͡
ڤ۵ż
ԣҳͷ΢΢ƽ󣬲Żȥ

ôͯҲӵнҳòҽ
쳽ΪźסԹϢ֮á
ҳͬ˾䣺л
лͯ˶٣ŶһЦҽ˿
ҳ΢΢𴽽ǵͷ˳Żͯ·һȥ
쳽֮ϸλãҳһȻ˿ȴڻͯ棬һε˵ı֡
˺ܿһ
ͯһĶͽȥ
ҳֵһл̬ȼΪº񣬻ͯͷˣλҽ˵ӡ󼫺á
ߺҳУüͷš˼ϡ
Ȼ˶Ϊ躮롮½ʶ»һ
ʱֻ˳ˮ۾ǣһо䣬š
ҳôţڴʱĽ΢΢˵ɡ
ǻȥʵ¶ȣ½Էȥĸٶ
ҳ׿ȥֻӣʯ֣ɢźɫ΢⡣
ʲôʲô
㾹ڴ˿ϵ

֮ǰҳ滹ȵסҳĬĬ˸ͷԺһţֻðԲ²Ϊ¡
˶٣ҳָ̧ؽ˺ӣʯȥ
ӣʯҪŻַӦɡ
ҳĹȥɲǣµױӳһƬɫâ̶һ˲
ţص߱ʯд˳̴żģС䣬㡢
Ļδ˵꣬͵ؾͱһ˷ܵߴϡ
ҳ£ܿǳȸ
漴ֻųȸС䣬


134 
ٿȻżȸ˵䣬ҳһ⡯ڣȸȥ漴
С䡣
ҳʶӦš
Ƭ̣žʵҪң
ҳɣųȸĿǣѾ·ˡ˼ˣҳѳȸʻĳ嶯
˿ٲȻǲС
ˮ˿½Ժۡһ˫ɫĴתҪðĳȸզࡣ
Ҵϱͬ䡯ĽֻǽԣȸӦˡˮ߲ɴһͬζ
Ȼһ˲ȸĿؾת˹
ˮϵĺ΢˲æߡ
ˣҲǸܵ
ڳȸעȫڷеĺӣʯϣδˮ鷳
żСȸһչȥŴ˵ת׼ǿгƷµĽơ
ĻʣֻƳһ۳ȸùȥˣתҳػ
϶Ĵ𸴣ҳҸһ
˵ѲʱǹͲƿصˡ㣬ҳ뵽ʲô֪ģ
һ䣬ֻЦ£΢Ȼ

ҳںӣʯ˽⣬˿Դ⣬ǱǴһʥӣʯԸӦԷȴǲ֪
Ҳǵһνӣʯⷽϡ
֪Ҫҳһʱ֪ηӦ
ȣǰ߹ضҪ䡯ģ롯ҲʱҪڳڣֻ˼˲ſ뿪
ҳóȻ뿪ǽ˵ͨˡ
ݳͬŲ̵ľ룬շٶȡ
գǾӦܵ
ҳšü˼ʱôӦԣشȻ΢СȴҲ˼л
һ˲ҳתͷ⿴ȥʱͼһ˽
ҳڰף
˵գȥ棬ü΢΢һһ˹ģ
˵ţڰ׻شִ춯һα֮ڰ׹Ķ
ҳ⿴ȥˣһˬɤԶҽˡ
ơ
ƽҳ˶٣ƴʱʲô
ҳǵ÷ţ쳽˵֮£ּڰ׺ƹЩ΢㵡
кһҳڰҲãԵˮΪ֪ϲһ¶
ӹӣƻе죬ת˲ֲʲôֻļ
ͷ¶һһĨ˵⣬֪ҽ˿ʱ䣿

ԣҳһ٣

ûҳظֵһ䣬ڣʹҽ˺ʱȥһħ硣
˵ϴ롮롯Լˡ
ҳȻƱôӣºˬϲ뵽һ㣬ҳųʱҲȫƾԼ
Ƽû˵˵˼䣬ϴιҽ˿ǴӦˣúлһΣѰ
ֵµˣƻ뽫ԱмͬʱҲҽħеı֡
˿ڣҳҲƾܣͷȥһƽȥһ˵ġ
ҳӦһЦǱô˵ˡ
ҳ΢΢ЦŵͷӦͣƵĻδͣ£˵躮ҽߵӦҲҪˣʱһǰ
ż⻰ҳϴһ˿ЦסԽӲĳƿȥ
ȡ躮
͸¶Ϣǵ˵ħһлд躮һȥҪڳڵˡ
ӦǸղ쳽ᵽµóĽ
ҳ˿һǰδеļ¸иͷֻݱ¶Զˡ

֪ҽҲΪ躮޸ϵ땿һ£аԾлñø֮࣬ͬҳ˵˼䡣
ҳ֪ƺ˵Щʲô˼һʱЩҡ
סˡ
ƺҳУ֪ķڰ׻ಽĸԼ˼Էѱ˵ݣҳعڰס
˶һ˲
ڰ˫ɫӿնʢһˮҳ״Щҡ
Ȼһϵڰס
ҳͺѽ֮ڤϵ
ʱҪģнڰͳȥ
ҳȷЩʱħ᲻⾵ϵֱӦǻġ
һڰ׸Ӧô
պҳҲȥɡ
ڰûжҳ˶٣ŵٹ
˻һڰĿ΢΢תת˽׼ҳ
Σֻһ͵͵ġšС
ҳ˿ٰڰ˳ȥĿ뿪
ֱڰ׵Ӱ߳Ұҳתⲽ˵С
뿪ҳǴڰֱһȥڱǰƣڼ̤Χʱͣ˶ڱ߽紦ˡ
Ƭ̺ЦӰɫ
̶һ䣬ϻˣ
***
ҳϵģڰߺûã⾵ԶҳС
ҳ編ƣϴһ˸Сͽ磬ûչ¶еκһǡ
쳽ϵĸڵװ趼룬¶ϳĿԼ󣬽ʱûô׽ˡ
ʱֻ⾵ľһΣӰھʱʱ֡
գڵĻͣԽ޿޵Ŀϡ
ҳȵ£
Խ뾵УҪ͸һ㾵棬ֱҳ۵ס
㱼䣬ҳ񿴵Щڣ΢ۺ󷽲һͳԵɤš
ҳº£
ܲµӦǸո˵¡Ҳ㣬Խ޹ȥʶҳʵʮȻ
ȻԽ˵꣬δֱӻȥֻڳڡ
ԣҳ˳Ļƾȵ
Խ
ҳֱˣû֮ᵽ½ʶֻһ¹ձڡ
˵գҳȥԽķӦֻȶԷнζԻ
ȻòһǣһΣԽ˵󣬷ɷˡ

ҳһʼûף˭ˣ
תһ֪ɷ
ҳü˵¡
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ԽûҳӦ󣬡šһ
ҳšһС
ͼԽ䳯ӹ
״ҳ̧ۿȥ
Խдһ

һֱ⾵Ӱҳû׹
ԽΪͻȻҪд裬һħ𣬾ߵĻܣܾЩݡ
Ȼҳɻǡ
Խ˵ǻϵͳ֮Ľӵʾ
ҳϵͳһȷԽĽ
һǵģͬСĿ
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»ŷӦþ͵ˣֻǲ֪ʱ
гڵӵĹҳ²ٵҩ޸ڵˣ漴ҴҾҪȥڤۡ
øڷ֮ǰ½ŷ뿪ڡ
˴㣬ҳȵס㾶ֱ쳽֮Ϊڤ۰ŵĴȥ
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ҳڵɨɨûзڰ׵Ӱ
̧ȥ
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ӷΧڣֻһɫĽֵУϡɹҳǸһ񣬡μڤۡ
˵ţҳһڣһڤʯС
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˳ٽ뿪һ˵ᵽҪһǰħ磬ҳá躮͡롯ͬʱ֡
˵꣬ҳķͶȥĿ⡣
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ĻոҳУǸɫĽԶҰڴ˿
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߲пɽͣｻҽҲõ߲Ƴĵҩõʵ
ڤʯͬ
ҳҲã¡
˵գҳ΢ƣڤֱۣ̯㽫ڤʯ˹ȥ
ڽڤʯģֻ˴˵еڤʥҳǿƽʯͷ
ڤת⣬䵽ҳġ
һֻ޳һöССʯͷ̯ϵָⷺ΢죬ֺȵĽ֮о͵ǰ
Ĭһ˲ҳֻһ䡣
Ҳա
ҳ̧ڤ̶ۣԷպҪ뱾á
⻰ҳԾһ䣬Ҫڤ۾͸
ֻҪ룬ڤЦ£ӹ͸
ǳһɤ֮ǧصĳŵҳһʱԣϻֽˡ
һΣĽ
ҳֻǰ֮˻ǰ֮ľڤǰͣ£΢ָ̧ͣڤʯȡߡ
ʶģҳֻ֣Ǳһ£Ĵ˳Ǵʼӡ

ͬʱڤʯɢ⡣
ҳȥĵԭڤʯ¶ȡ
˳ڤʯ黹ҳһ뿪һ£ȴڤ۵ڰ׸ţ
ԣҳһ٣ǵǡ
ڤۣǾͲˡ
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û˵ģҳ΢ɣЦ£¸ˡ
˳ڤ߳ҳûаɡҪ뿪ڣ׼ȥ㡣

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׼ʱ磿ȻǺʱµùͷˮǾְһ飬С͵ɫ
ˮҲʱ±Ҫȥ䡯黹㲻ӦòԴ˱ʾʲô
ǰ㣬ˮʻֻһۡ
ˮһɣŴ׵ű»ش
Ĭһ˲ʰСҵ
ͬ׼ȥ䡯ĳȸżҲſߡ
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뿪գ»ûȥһЩֵ忪ʼʲôе˼
뵽ˮͬĵͷ˵ǡ
û˵
ˮֵֻǲ֪ģ
뿪ݳаգ˳źӣʯָķˣڶûˮ档
䡯ȥģ
²δҲ˵ʲôֻڴʱһ䡣
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䡯Ӧþڸ
㽫ӣʯȡͼɫʯһâ䡯ڷλ¶š
ڡ

ڣ쳽塣
ҳڽڤʯڤۺ󣬱׼ֱ뿪ڣֻ뿪쳽·ϲô˳
ŵˣ˿쳽ɽ
ҳ˴ʱǡþˬԼơ
ƣͬƼ
ҽҪȥģ

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쳽еˣƼ״в漴ţѰһĵط׼йй޴ŵľ
˭֪ῴ뿪ڵҳ

ҳҲû뵽ƾȻ
߽סԼҳֻǰ΢ЦףƽŽ
λǣҳϵװžװǸձꡣ
֪Ӧűԣôһ䡣
ҳһЦҶֻڴ˼дһ¡
һ˵Ÿһ飺ҽȥģ
ҳǱһ䡮д衯Խͬ˵һ£ּҪȥģһʱЩ֪ôش
ܲ˵Ҫ뿪ڣǰŸմӦԷȴҪ
룬ҳ˵ͼɽӭһȺ쳽ĵӣǡôҳĻػ
ҳԷµģһ룬ӭһ˿˵ʲô
죬Ͻȥ֪ͨϡ
ȥȥǼȥʦֵܡ
ħڤۡʣǶۼǳˣôһﶼȥƣʶ

էȻʡ֣ҳν˽ЩӾʹߴ쳽϶ȥˡ
ôҲˣ
ڤΪɷϴڲݳʱ֪ˣΪγǡ
˵ϵ㲻ƵĳУΪΣ
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135 
ҳһᵽ౬ըֽţ·ֻҪ΢һ㶼ᴫϢĸоǱ˼ޡ
㾹ˣ׼ʱ䶼ûС
ҳ쳽ķΧڣ֮쳽쳽ӷе˿ǰڵѰմתݡ
ţҳɤۣüš
ûа취ҳͶҽһѯϵͳһɽȥ;벻쳽Ӳ
Ȼϵͳشҳַ˽ϣϵͳϡ
ڳƾձһ䡯ģʲôð취Ҿڼʱ䡯
ҳָΪλڴˡ

ҳ˼֮ʣͬġˮ⣿
ڣһڡ
䡯Ϊλˮ˼⣬ֻѯʱȷϡ
ؿһۣǰȥ
ڵڼǰ棬쳽ȥ
ˣֽ̧ӣʯȡֻһâˣɫָ¶Ҳø̡
Сȷʵڳڡ

㵹ǲ֪ʱ䡯ͬʲôϵ
Ȼ֪䡯ľڳڣȸӿ˶ǰ·ļڵӣǿЩ
ҪȲˡ
ȸŵļڵӵһ飬Ѹټӿ첽
Ҫǰ쳽ȥ
֪һ㣬촹Ŀȥӣʯʾ
䡯ǵڳڣڳ쳽ϡ
þδشˮͷ۱ɫ˼ǧذתĩһǳʢᣬ´ǲǽύʲôѣ
ͱλӡ
ˮ˵˵ʱǲеһ
ˮĽͣҲ׹
״ˮ˳żܶÿס
ԱһЦʵС
һȸתͷǣҵС
һԵļڵӼ߸ŵλѷϵĺĿת׷˿

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˼״׷˿Сֹ̫ˡ
˵ţԱͬͷӶһ쳽һλħˣλƢƺûô¡
дԣħ֮ҪӺЩϽһȴǵ˸
ΪС죬֪˺֮˵ĶС
šħ֣һ١
ħҲڳڡ
ţȴȸٶȴ̤ǰ˵ʲô
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ڵӻ֮˲˵ƣҲ˵ˣħͬڴˡ
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ȸһͷ˳۵ĺ췢ã˿̿ʱʵ㿴Ǹëˣ
˵ãһ˵һгڵ˲ãҲôˣȻȡִº
ǡë֡˭ǲ֪żʵʵҡͷǲδʲôë֡
ȸǣƣû
էȻħ˲ˣͷ
˻ػ֮࣬ˮǰʵħǷҲڣ
ԣŵͷֹħڤҲڡ
***
Ȼڤڴˣü
зѾ˾֪ҽǰžһǡ
ڤۡѾ÷뵽ǸС佫ӣʯȥĹҽ
˼ˣüø
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ϵĺӣʯ¶ȼӾ磬̧Զȥͬһʱ䲶׽һ˿ϢϤȴᡣ
ֻһɫӰĿ쳯
һϮµġ롯ӳһ

ҳҪͣ
Ĵǽţ쳽֮쳽ڶࡢҳһĶΪֱӾ͵˳ڡ
˭֪ûȻͺͷӭײˡ
ԶԶͼӹҳ͡

ҽˣˮں󷽵
ҳֻǰʱ¡
ԣɫƽ͵ͬףͬʱеĺӣʯҲ£С
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˵һΪñȸãûжͬҽƽϡ
³ȸǱһҲŵ״̬ǰҹҽҲʮ˳ۣһŵҲίʵ׽ߵҳǰɨӼۡ
ĺĺҿСϲʲô
һż䣬ɫ䵭ӳȸһۣǡ
ۼűתˮæǰ˷ֿлڿƻػʵڰµĵ䲻ϲҽϴβ˵𡣡
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˵⻰ʱˮЯ˵üء
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á
ֻҪͬ䡯йأֻҪá䡯˵£±׼ܱˣΪŵˮΪԼĴǱʾ̾

ȸӦҳҲ˳ˮĻͣһЦȷˡ
˶˵ȸҲջĿ⡣
ˮæȴǿ߰ɣڸ
һóȸ
̶ǼڵӼż쳽ȥ
ֱ˴ҳɡ
Ȼɡ׼뿪˵أ˳š
Ƿס


136 
ٿȻҳ²ܿƵľҪǰȥȴнԶϢֿ߼䷢Ķ
ѣҳͣתӹȥ
ͼͬһȥķڴʱ۷ָ䣬ִһöźâʯ
Ǻӣʯ
ҳӦԭǺӣʯ¶ڣҺӣʯȻôǲ֪
ͬһʱ䣬Ҳڿŵĺӣʯ
ҳʱֽӣʯȡ˳˭֪ԽǰߣӣʯķӦԽ΢ĩɷȥա
漴̧ҳ񼡣
£ˮЩǰڣ̶ע⵽кӣʯ˿̵״̬ʱһǡ
ӣʯ˸Ƶʱ֮ŻҪߣһиơ
Ȼˮ֪ǣǵ˸Ƶ֮ߣͬһʱ䣬ӣʯƸиľ
㴹˴ָ΢΢һ¡
˷ˣÿþһ̫˿ȴǱ¶ȸһ¡

֪˹ؼҳ״Ʋָŵĺӣʯɨ˼Ҳת÷ɿ죬ֻڣʱҡ䡯
ҳһ䣬ԭгһξĳȸת˲˻
֪ҵСģȸü
˶٣ҳ֪
˵ţӣʯȡ¶ڼ˵ҰŸҵġ
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ûݹȥɫʯ;䵽˳ȸС
״ҳ˿㣬ӶԷ˫΢ķпǺ뷨
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ҳ̧ܻͬӣ̬Ƶɫ
һӦ䡯͡롯ͬһ˵뷨ȻҳҲ֪⻰©Ķֻ࣬һľܾԡ
ҳֻþӱ¶ݵĿܡ
һ̣ʹӱٱ¶ıԵתΪױ¶ڴڼ䣬ҳ벻ϵתء
ʹ©ٳҲҪΣңڱ¶֮ǰһȫ˵ĺ·ͬʱһ뼸˵ĹԽϢϢء
ֻҳ΢̧ۣŶΪҪ㡣
˵գȸߵġöеĺӣʯӹ
Եм

ûùԷ㣬⻹ҳ״δܵԵĮȻҾ⸱ǣƲ̫ԡ
ҳû˵
ûаգû÷
һʱ䣬潩
ڷ㿪ڵһ˲ˮͷʼðˣĵҪ㣡
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׷ʣȥС䡣
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ҳеľܾ֮⣬ȸüһ壬Ҫ˵
Ȼڣڼ˺ٶһ
ҽˡ
ƣǰͿԼȸڴˡɨߣ۵һ˿΢ɲζ漴ô⣿
ܴӼ˵ɫϿ֣ҳһ仰ǽȥ׷ѯʹҽҪȥģ˿ȴֱӽ֮Ժ
ƣҽ߰ɡ
˵գƻҳһҡʾ⡣
ػǰȸҲʹ죬ܰˡ
ײģΪҳΧ
***
ͻȻ֣ҳһæƳƳԷ漴첽뿪ڡ
ȳȸǰ˵ʲôһ˲ѽ˵ס
ͬʱƵĲϼüŪ£ҲŹһ䣬ʱǰڡ
ԣҳȥķջߣɫɢţʲ
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ºˣǵûҵ䡯ӣʯһγڹҽ
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ʱƺüŵɫûҲǳһ䡣
ͬʱǱߵҲ˳ѳȸקסĳ˿ڶȫ֪˷ٶ׼ҽǰħ硢ȥҽ͵ͷˡ
һ԰ߵġ
ЦûٹĳȸܹҽȻ뿪ˣתͷȥʱôҲӲݳǹˡ
㽫ӣʯջأδ𻰡
һĳȸȻȻСġ
ϧӰûţȸֻһͽ
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ӣʯʾλã䡯ڴ˴
˿̿ٲȻһû˵̬ȣüëû
ճڵԣħһʱ䲻̣ûм
ֻƿ϶ûС
̶ֲ䣺ڶգ䡣

ԭڰƳֵüʱҳȫȻ֪ߺֽˡ
뿪ںҳѰ˴֮˸ݣԺԹҽ֮˵Լ쳣
ںӣʯҲֻڡ
˼ˣҳѸۻسڡ
ɽ⿴صĵӵ֪ߵˣҪ֤ݺ󷽲Žڡ
ͷСӵʱ´˿Ӧ쳽Ҵȥ
ҳ΢ףûʲô顣
ھ쳽ԽԽʱҳеĵһ㷡
ֱ˴ɨһֻ̣⣬ҳ
ţڣȸͬʱ𣺡С䣡
һʱ䣬˵ȫ˹
ǿҳ


137 
ҳĮȻڷб󷽵ĳȸƳȥһۣͬʱֶ༸޶ãֻǲɫü
ڴ⣬Ϊħڤۻ˶ڡ
Ŀǰûʱҳ룬ǰ˵ͷ˵
һۣҳüۼɨԺ˵
ҳ
漴㻽С䣬
ԣҳû飬ڷҪʲôҲ˲²⣬Ĵ㡣
ҲһʼúӣʯϵʱѾ֪ˡ䡯ڳ֮¡
Ĵ㣬ͬʱҲʵʵġ
ҳοԼûб¶ˡ
˰ΣҳҪȥ飬ֻǻδͷȥֻȸЦ¡
С֮ǰȥˣȸۿٲȻڷߣҲ֪Щʲô
һΣڡ䡯ڳڳ֡ȴ֪һѱ˶ߵǰ£ҳĵײȷûн͡롯ͬһϵ
ûҳػ
ʱ𽭽Ļҽ뿪ˣ
˴γڵϵĹλҽΣʶŻῴڤдһʣֻδüԷӰ

ڽ䣬ڵ飬Ա˱䡣
Ȼȴûжཫעߡ
ڤ΢תһ˿Ц⣬
˵⻰ʱҳĮȻɫһ漴̧ȥ֮ԡ
ܿԷһŵЦ⡣
Ѱձ뿪ˣǲ֪ȥġһ˵ڤ۵޳ָ⹴ڡ̬ʴǺɫϻ
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Ѱ
ҳٿ©һģǵӰһʱ·
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ͬʱҲڤ۵Ļ֮˵㲻ԣ󷽵ĳȸҲʱתͷζ˵
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ԣҳֱһ٣˳Ƶͷ
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ա
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С侹վҽˣ
***
ڤһڣ˲ͽ¶δҽټ˹ȥҪ˷ֵķʵ̫ˡ
ʶ˻ɡ
Źҽ뿪δʲô
Ȼʱһ߰ɤʲôҽˣ
˵⻰ʱžﲻԡ
ҽˣʲô
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ҳҲʱ¿Ҫʺӣʯ
ΪһѾ˺ĽͣһҲÿпޣ׺ûнȥ

ֽӣʯһڳȸУ˿Ц۾ҳ˻ֻ֣һöɫʯ
ȸС䣬ˣ
ҳؿ̬Ȳ̲Ǳ´͵ģʱ¡
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ӡ롯ǽغģȴڴ˿̱Լ͵ģҳƬ̣ǲԾһĨǳЦ
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Ƴһеĺӣʯҳû˵ʲô

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ţ쳽ӵסҳǰȥĲӡ
ֻǰϤɤ
ˣѾͬ½ʦִˣܿͻյ


138 
ǰ˵Ļ֮⣬ҳһ١
½
ǡڴʱҳ˵֮ˣòļͳ½һУ˵Ľ̸δЪ
ֻż½ʦδ飬̹ϵˡ
ҲʲôǵҪ½ֻ̣쳽ڵҳϰˣ֮ҳڸ๦Ͻһ׶еļ⣬ÿζǳ
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ҳְͣջؽӿռ䡣ԭ˼һ˲µĶסǽȡͬϢ
ձ顯

ٶպôƣҳʧȥڤ۵˼Ȳһ¡֪ģԶĻࡣ
ħڵǣҲֻһҪ뿪硣
ȥҽ롯ݣڤ㲻ʲôˡ
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һȥҳ㽫ϵͳ򿪲鿴ȡ
ֻϷܽһΡǡ10ˡ40
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ĩˣתڼĽݻԡ롯͡½ݣȷʲôʱܹ١
ݣǾͲһˡ
***
ҳȻܹȷ
ڼǱߣԡ躮ȣҳԣġ
Ľݻǡ½롮롯ߵӣҲ᲻ͬ
ȻһУٲȻвͨġ
֮ҳʱ䱾Ͳ࣬ʱü޵Ĺͷ
ϵͳ˸ĻӳҳУһǰһ
һ룬ϵͳԺ
ϵͳġ
ҳüǺϵͳһ䣬֪
ϵͳԣǽ˿Ŷ衣
ҪϵһҳѯϵͳʱĻشˡ
µĻ֮ǰٷְ©
ÿһΡǺݣܽڰ׼ȷĲ׽ʱҳϵͳȷϹ
ڤһͷݡ
Էƺδ⣬ͬǿԳƵϲһ㣬ڤ۴ûа˷ơ롯ĵȻ
ҳڤ۲Ǹ֮ˣĳ
롯ĶڤûС
ҳǡ롯ʱںιĲȻϲȴҲΪǲġ
ڤ۲һ
ǰ㣬ڤ۶ԣ㲻ϡҲǰֲ֮ԭ

ҳ֪һ㡣
ʱĴٶȴ˹ҳ֮򿪺ǰߵҲ˳
ƴ˿̰âţҳǼͨ˼
ʦܡ
ҳһ䣬ɤ
º󣬼֮ڶߣ½ʦģ
ƻΧŲˣڼ˵䣬˿ڣ½ʦֻҪջ
ǳ½ʻ˵꣬쳽Ҳ׷׳ԡ
һʱ䣬ҳ˵˵ռ΢΢Ц£ʹǿҳЦһһظ˹ȥ
ղͣڳ½Ǹϡ
ҳܿͻء
ܿ죿½ʦǿ쵽𣿡
ֹǿ쵽
ҳ˶ĿᶨӦǡ
һԣ̫ˣ
̶ֻȻǰȥϰɡ
½Ÿͣ½ʦΪΣ
ɡ
ҳû飬ʦֵô˼䡣

ͬ˵꣬ҳûͣٵģֽ⾵ȡ˳ϵԽ
ֱ⾵Ӱ΢Σҳȿڣ¹ˡ
ͬʱģ⾵ųԽӰ
ֻԷ͸пѻָħ𻤷ݵҳһЦӦˣ»Ҫһս
Խǲᵽ̧̧ףȻ
ҳŵδԽֻ֪˫̸󣬴λվȥ
ͬʱҳϵòϷŸı䣬Ǳ任ͣ
һԺ
ϵͳʾ
ϵͳҪ
ϵͳʵֱףҳ˼̫ңʶϲŲлݵò
żϵͳҳ߳Ķͣգˡ½ݡ
ͬʱ
쳽ϣٶȾۼһˡ


139 
Ϊǹ
ǰ쳽·ϣƫͷȥ˵˼ܣʶŻͬԷѯʡ
ҲȷʵһĴ𸴣ͼ˸һ˲ŵһɫȥЩӦǡҪ뿪ˡ
ֻҪ뿪ڣԽʱȥҡ躮⼸գû׼Ϊ
ô˵Ҳ˲佫ºµϵǰһһüҵ˼躮ˣ
Ƴ̧̧°ͣÿ϶ǡ

һߣҳ뿪ס󣬾ֱ쳽ֻȥ;лþ㳡
һߵͱ˿ڹ㳡֮ϰһ쳽ӽסˡ
ۼⷢҳΧһʦܣʦɽ·Ʋȥһ۱㿴쳯İɫӰ
쿴½ʦ֣
Ŵһߺԭ˷׷ͣ¡

½ʦ֣ܵ죬һȺ쳽ǰĿҳôô죿
˴Ųá
Ҳûô࣬½½ʦǻˣ
ţ˳Ļӿ˽ϵ⣬۰Ͱ͵ҳ
һȺ˿εĿţҳһʱЩҪôˡ
ǿûлͷ
ȻͲٷˡ
˼ˣҳ˵ڲ˼־Ȼ棬Ǳüãûн˷״
ҳºͿڣʲô⣬˵ɡ
쳽ԣȲĽĵط˵˳
ĩˣһ˵½ʦںð
˸ͣǰ½ʦֲǶ֪ȥ˭ϰ̫ˡ
С˵ţ仰΢š
Ȼȴһھһ쳽Цˡ
ҳɫͣЦһţǿѹǵٶ̶̧ۣνг֡
״˷׷ױÿ֪½ʦҪΪʾˡ
ҳΪǽȥټһƬ㳡ֻʣĻʱнƳ֮䡣

꽣УҳΪһӽʱ©ʦʱٶ̫ʱ̫磬Ӧϵ
ǵΪ㣬һʼͽù˶սʱȻֲá
ھ͵ԪӤڵʦֽ⽣ܹǵս飬ѧϰٶ·
ͬʱҳҲڣӲ˽ϲ½ʦ̵ֽԭ֮һ쳽ڵԵʡ
ҳһСƵƵͷмԣǧֻһ䣺л½ʦ֣
ҳһЦʣ𣿡
ǵҡͷʱûˣ´Σ´½ʦ㡣
ԣҳһּЦ½ʦá
Ĵʾ䣬ڵ˵˸飬ҳš
ڴ֮˼̶ֵм긡ݣԺ͹ʦֿһƾˣʦһνⶼܽҵǳ
ңҲмŽ鵤
ÿνϰʦǽ󶼻ᵽģҳһľҪֻܾȿڣ½ʦ°ɣ㲻գ´ζ˼ˡ
˵ţͬڵһЦŵͷ
ҳһͣ۽΢΢˲
Ҫ˵ʱ۽Ӱ
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ͬʱҳûܾæת⣬־ܾ½ʦ֣ϴνϰᵽһ׹Ǹ鰲Ԫ
˵̸ͬ䵽Ǳߵ˶
֪ԼĪǡ躮Ҫˣʶߵ÷ɿ죬ֻ;౻㳡ϵĶסһ˲
ƽſȥ
ͼһ쳽ΧһȦм䣬һ˱ͦİ꣬Ͳ
ƶȥԪӤڡ
Ǹţͬŵһ䡣
˵һ˲ٿȻǱվ֮˶Ŀ⡣
ֻԭ˫⣬ڱ˳֮ƺ٬βڴ˿΢һϹ
֪ǲĴмϤŸзۣȥ
ħλħˡҳѡ
ҳЦ£Ǳ߿ǣڶ˵ע£
ʽĿǡ
֮ŵ񣬸Ϥ
ǡȥţͼȻǱ˹ȥĿ¶̽
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㳡ϵһ쳽вôһ¡
Ϊ½ʦͻȻסλħˣǾȻ½ʦֵĻ˹
ҪȥҳȻ˼ɤż˵Ȼʱ̫һ
Ԫϸ콫֮һܣʶ룬ʶͨ
ҳһ˵עν˽һ
ֻڹ㳡ţһʵâ¶
쳽ÿһνҳʱģ½ʦڴʱʱͬÿʱ㶼Եǳ
һĻ䵽Уһۡ
һ˲ҳָ̧֣ⷭɣѸٵ
ʱһȣһ飬Ƕ⡣
ǡƵŶ˶
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ҳڽʽʱһĶõ˵ĶûߵķӦ
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΢һ룬˲Ȼ˱Ĺŵ˰ɣ
Ϊ࣬µĴҳ躮˼ϡ
ⲻ֪仰ҳʱЩ˲ӣй
ơɵ

Ƶ뷨ͬ
ҳϣϵĳɫ˿˿ѣͬɫһĵ׵ľκ˸
ʵֻٶ۲һ£Ҳܷ֡
½͡躮еķʽԼָ̧Ķ
ֱһޡ
ˡ
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ҳԪʾһսûٹƺĿ⡣
֪űضǿˡ
һ㣬ҳ߹ʣɿˣ
ǰһͷˣ
ҳͬЦ£̶ơš
˸Уҳ߰ɡ
˵̧꣬쳽ȥ
ں󷽵ļ˱ŵĽʽŪۻң˿ҲֻҳҪȥ½ʦֻδȥϣȥ
²⣬ҳȷʵҪȥ
ƺŸƶлҪ˵
ҳȴǶ˳ǰڣʲôԺʡ
һ˵µĶӿЩ

ͬһʱ䣬쳽
ħʲٶգ
˾䣬̹Խͷ㡣
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أҲˡ
С䶼ӦҪһ磬ǲڴ˶
ԣס
ͬʱϤϢʹʱ̧ۿ˹ȥ
Сͽܡ


140 
ӿƺŶ˿ʼҳŲµԽ쳽ģֱе⣬ƮɫĽ
״ҳһ͡
Ҳڰ
ţҳĽŲ΢٣ʱ̲סڣʵȴǣôˣ
˸һ·ӹ㳡һʱ侹Ȼûﲻԣҳͣų
ҳ˲ĿƳƺɨһۣɫ
üһĻӡ
һۣҳջߣٶ̧ȥ
ȻѾ֮£ҳͲġ
ҲڣǱá
˼ˣҳƽһĵ׵˼ûٹƵ̤ڵ֮ʡ
źؿ˿ڡ
ʲô
һǵҳͣ½Ų
ҲתͷһʱûǷ롣
ҳǲžͼֻһ˲ҳָֻ˳̬Ṵ˹üҲŷ
һžͼҳһЦֱ˴
һ£ֻǰӰһӹһЦĪӿϤ룬²ܿƵıȥ

һҳͬһֱŵŴĽߡ
ڳСͽĽҳһףɤ֮˵ʱ˲٣ɫȻˡ
ҳ۽΢˳ëµ˸һʱ䣬Щ
һƺŶߵԽ󷽵λֻǱȥǰƳһҳ
飬״ǱȾͬʱһ˿ܾʲôõ鼴
ҳĬĬڵֱֱ̧˽˫ǳɫУһʣ˾䣺ʦ𡣡
ԣ´ࡣ
ûˣҳãҪЩʳϸûݣǲ˿ͷ
µ˶Է˼ҳһβŻ³ࡣ
˵գҳ΢תûӹĿ⣬ڵ˵ע£ಽԽǱ߿һ
Ŵáա죬Ϣ
ͬʱĿ⻹ҳϣԽ΢ת
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ɱҳ˳ƶɽΪɣϾ˼Ƿʲô֣˵޹ء
ʱҲö¡
ȴǲͬ˿̺ԼߣȤŨ
ֻĹŵӣʱⲽħǰվ
һ룬һ֣μ
ԭ˳͵ɤͽȻת䣬ż֮Уζʮ㡣
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βЩᣬƻԴŵʡ
Ϥ
ȻϤģеԽơˡ
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躮
һĵȻ
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ҳ̧ۿ֮ʣףš
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˵ţǰһȥƭʦ𣬲ʦԭ¡
ҳĻδ˵꣬躮

⻹״ο躮Ը˭ͷ˴
ӸղҳϵſԷʱϤƵͰϳˡ
ƻδ˵˭ԡħвܾħ𻤷ֹ
ȻЩ״躮ôĹŵӣƻʶѡֹ
Ȼһ׽еڵ뽩֡
ҳû˼˵ȥӡ
׵Ľšüŵŵ꣬ٿȻڴϣ˵
ִسڡ֮ӵ꣬˳ƣ˳еӾ㶼Ŀá
һʱ䣬˭ܹš
˿ٲȻˣ̽СͽܳʱĶǰȥҹΡ躮
״ħʹȻĹŵͬһˡ
ίʵ˳Ϸȴδ¶ı顣
ҳͣͣ򽭽
źߵΪʦš

Сͽûħô࣬ǲɣӦǡȻ֤Ѿڵǰ
ȻǱΨһĵӡ
ҳǼһᡣ
Ѿеһ
ҳδͣ£һ۽
˵УҳתŲⲽ˷ǰ


141 
ҳԭ˴εļƻУ㲢С
ֻû뵽߻
ҳתһ룬ʱ⣬ҲΪ뿪һ¡
Է˵ôһǲٶķʱˡ
ҳ˷ٶǰơ
㣬Խ񣬱Լħ𻤷ݡ
¡
żߵǰλվҳȻЩָΪõԤУ躮Ҫʲô
Ų뷨ģǽüͷš
ţڵ˵ע¡
ͼҳֹһöɤв
ɫһ᲻ܿƵܶš
ǡ
С䣡
ֻҳһ䣺μ¡
ʱ䣬һա
գһ
Ȩļλ
ħħʣڴ˿̾㶼ҳϡ
Ȼǿŵˣֻǻ̧ڵһǣվȴһ룬˵Ŀ

õŹ
һʾǹϵɢҲѰһ˿ۼԵüǡ
ֱֱҳ
Ȼǡ½ģʱ˿̣ܴӶԷо䡯϶еġϤĵĮϢһ޵ĮȻ̬
Сһ
С䣬ֱӿڣ汾ʻɡ
ԭǶٻأҲֻΪǰһкϾҲ㽫ǵ˶Դ
ηζû뵽ǣᷢ¡
΢ҳȻҲڶԷϵ߲ĵķֹҲֹס
ֻ뽫˴ȥκٿһ˿һ
ǡ½ǡ躮ǱʵС䡣
뷨̬ȱ쳣
Ǻܿ죬ҳ̬Ȼһڡ
ʱ¡
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Ļ֮ⲻԶ
бȥ뽭Ŀײһ˲˵Ҫűʣ
ԣֻǵջߣֽ䵽ҳϣĬˡ
龰üһǿа˸ߡ
ͬʱһ𣬵ͳԵߴŲݺӵ塣
躮Ǳˡ

ħˣȻҪħ硣
Խһڣƾסˣܡ躮ȳĹŵӡߵĺˣ֮һǡ
躮Ƶ֪ѣ״ߡ
ƣ˵ò躮ħˣǲڴ˵أʻ硣
һ䣬Ҳ˿վŵҳӿڵǻħ硣
ת˲䣬еƽƣӹΪ˽š
ڳŲѿڷ·һͻļơ
һеĽҳԴ㵡
Ҳ侲Գֵʦ𣬱Ǵ°Įħ˭ûΪλݣ㶼δڵһʱ䷢𣬶ѡ硣
ҳĬĬϵͳ治֪ʱ򿪣ӳģ˵Ľûκα仯δ½ļ
һ룬ħħ˺Ľв̶ͬȵ
Խ͵ԽǷ࣬10ͬ5
Ǽ˵Ľȴҳеϣ²ǿЩʱ
ڽԽ̿ڵ˲䣬Ȼվ°ĶΣһüħˣ
˵ţҳϢΪްħйûκħ
ƲʾλƿڣҪ˵Ҳİɣ
ߵҳǰûдӶԷϸ֪κ֮࣬˵Ҳ㡣
һ˵Ʊˣҳ˼ۡ
ôġ
л磬ҳ׿ڵƺѽ˷֡
***
ˣʵֻҪ΢ϸһ£˾ܾ쳣
ϴʢʱû˼躮䡯½λͬʱֹ
һ뵽㣬ͬʱֶҳ˴Ĵָ˸Ŀ͡
ҳ
ҲֻƲ£ЩҳЦ
ԣƵסεҳɨһذɫۣԼСա
С䡣㻽һ
ҳҪȥֻ׽ͬʱ
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ͬʱҳϵͳĵ
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ҳ㽫б¶ʼѾ˴㣬Ȼͬκһȥ¡
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һߣٶȵõȷϣǡ躮ܵҳʾ⣬ûٵʲô˿
תۣҳֱ¶ڵС

˽ţ˭ûȶ
ҳ򽭽ʦ𡭡
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գĿԽ˫ɫ
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Ȼ˳ס˻ͷͼȻλȻ䵽ҳǰƵĶ˲㱻סʴߣǡ
ʱҳѡ˷ŹµĶǡֹסĺ󻰡
ҲԤϵǰ㣬ɲСȻǴ
ͱʴ벻ѹƵƣֻͷð
һʱ֣ҳȥϵͳ
ǡڴ˿̣֪Ӻδϯڡ
ҳ̧ȥ
һʾš5ĽͻȻֵС
ͬʱһ䡣
ƺЩɡ


142 
ڤҲˡ
ֻһ˲ɢһͦεɫӰӳҳĿ˹ȥǡڤ۵ϡ
ҳջߣڤЦ⣬漴תĿ⣬˵ˣλִ
ڳǸҪʱزֻ˵˵ˡ
ȥѡ񡣡
ڤ˵գٶתߣЦЦĿҳ
ҳĩüһ
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ɡ
ֻŷʵˣȻɱʴߡ
ǡʱϵͽȻи躮ħģӦúߡ
˵ţƲʾǰһ
һδϷĽȥһۣͼȻ
Ҳź֪ʱλٲȻͬһ뷨
ٶ뽩֡
ҳܲͶעԼϵĿ⣬Ҫˡ
Ĭ˰Σҳƫߡ
ڤ۲˵ʲô𣿡

ҳµĴһٸģʼûзļڤڡ
ƳƳԷԴ⿴ɫӣҳԽ׸ڤۡ
˲ͬ
ڤһͷģҳò˼ǰڹϹ⡣
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˼ҳļٶ˿ڤʱɫ졣
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µ˵ìͷƺŵڤϰ㣬ֻ˵ʲô·һһ¶ԡ⡯
龰ڤɨɨҳһĨЦŶ
ҳһ٣
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ˡڤ΢΢ﴽ汾߰ɡ
һ£ԽһϢ΢
ͬģšü
㹴ǣ֣ڤ۴δЩд󡣡
Ҫôмҳߣ˵˵ѡ
ڤ֮Ҫһ֮ϽԽͷ㣬ȴûô׵ġ
ħħʵݡ
ߡ
***
ֻźȻ߳ڵվ̹ȻֱǵӰħ硢£ǻֲڤʰɣ
ƹʵ
˵ҳȷʵݡ
Ҳһ޵Ĺŵӣħʹһߵˡ
ڤȴûϵġ
ŵĻһڣһ˲żһЦ
ڤ۵͵Ц£΢ЩŴ˿ģҳһ䣬ҽ˿Ҫ汾ߣ
ʱڤۻ΢΢˴ͷٵɫͷ¼˿˿ĵڳ𾪵Ļ
ҽ
躮Ȼǹҽ
Ϣίʵ̫ţԭҳڤ޹ءڤ۲Ҫ֣Ŵʱ˽
ȫûϵ㡣
ҳӡ
˵ͲµڤȻݣɵٿȥʱڴӶԷ˫ɫпĨѿһе顣
״ҳһʱƲĿ⣬漴ɡ
һ˲ͼҳǣ΢ڵ
ȫڤ۶ᡣ

˿ҳͬڤ뿪˸顣
û׼ҳ滻ݡ༸Ǳһ㵽ڤͷϣΪһڴ
ϵͳǷıƻ
ҳأš
ԭļƻǣҳ̰ݱ¶֮ٽϵͳ뿪ڣڡ
Ӧº󣬾ͼŨŨٶڵ
ֻڤ۵ǱԸ
ڤ۵ٶ֮죬˷Ӧ
˲䣬ҳͱ˽ȥ˷·СڰɫڸߵɲǣܰѴ¶ɫ۵ס
šüӣԽ΢ŵĿ⣬Լһ˫Ⱦķ
ȫһ˲̽ҳԺ
ֱ׹ȥٿȻת䣬ҳӡ
ǡ
Ѿ뿪˳ڡ
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ڤ쳽֮У׾ٵľͽӽԽߣٲȻ׼
뿪֮ʱô͸ڵĻɽҲ£ڴڼ䵢ʱ䣬Խκһ׷ϡ

ڤǴӺʱʼı
ҳһƬƺ֮ϣ¿һˡ
ȻδȻٶֳһŨڤ۵ӰӰ̤žһ䣬ʲô
ؾôһʻҳ̶ͣ΢ȥڤۡ
ԴûùԼı
ãõҳԼ֪òûػʱ궯˶˵һ䣬ҳ
ǹ¶ԺԺҳʱץŵµ֡
ҳ֪ôʲô壬ȴĸģʶ֣һֱûиĹ
֮ʡ
ٶȴһ䡣
ޡ


143 
ҳڰڤ۾񣬽ֺһ˲էȻԣҳһʱЩûܷӦ
һϢӿ֡
Ҫȥ
ֻһɫӰЯ׹־ԵĻҷǰһӡ
˱ڼڰס
ҳˣҲһǡ
һϮµ˴Լݾ¡ݰףڼüȻǽϳ
ʢᣬڼǸٸϹͬĿҳͻƵģʶֱӱݡ
ڼͽܣ
ԣҳ߹̶ּڰڼһǰվߡҳ콫תڤۣĿ¶̽
ڰ׺ڤͬһ˵Ļ
ҳո˼Առ˿ȴڤĽȻˡ5.5Ƿʱǵġ
˼ˣҳٿȻع
ڤ۵ʱ˵
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²ҳʱʵл֪ڤ۵䣬ֻ轫ǱȫĶΧġԭġͷβҲл֪ġ
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ʱڰ׾ٶڼҲһͣüҲߡֻһڰ
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Ȼǡڴ˿̣ͼѳ˹βȴǲ̲ڼ
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˵һ˲ڼӿϤ漴Ҳڤۡ
뿪ίʵЩżڤڴʱ뿪Ϊνĵһ˳
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˼һתҳַ
***
ڼ˵¹˹Сѡ㣬ôǡ
ڼһ𾪣˵ÿİڰ˵˳ҳʧЦ
Ƭ̣ҳһתȻڼһ䣬ڼˡ
һɤͣ˵Խ
ȴǹҽ롯еߡ
һʱ䣬ڼν˽
ͬʱҳб¶ʱԤϵǰ㡣
ڵ֪롯͡躮һ˺ҳĿƫƼ硣
ȻͼڼĽ͵һԾ˲ˡ65һˡ50Ľȡ


144 
ʾš65ĵɫĿҳţɫŲߣԱݵԭˡ
ϵͳʱ֣˸˷ֱΪ硢ħ硢硢ڤ磬ڼڤ硣
ҳԡ롯ݻýȣڼȴΪħ𻤷ġ躮ľߺøС
ʶҲ15͵ĳ̶ȽΪڤۡ
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ͬκһ뿪

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ǡ
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ĵ׵뷨յ⣬ҳٿȻֲһ䣬䡯Ҳҡ
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ڤ༸ȴǲ̫һ
糯ڡ
쳽˿̾ۼ˲ٵӣ˾㶼Χڴ֮⣬뿴Ŵ
Ϊߵͯͯ˵Ŀ⣬ͷƤ飬λʦذɡ
ֻͯһǰϿ̻Ŷĵļ˵ԱΧ۵һ쳽ӡ
ǡһλӿڣ˶תֵʦΪѣֻԣϹȥ
ı鿴ʮΪѡ
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ʵϣͯҲ֪ڵΣֻ֪ħʡڤ뿪ںһֱû

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СءȸĿˮ
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145 
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˵ţҳֳںɻ谼͹ƽϣСµеıɫз˷
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ڤâ΢תҳ
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ҳϲǿʤӣƱֱԳˡ
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ڼǰһҳŷ˼Ϊͬһˣô᲻ڼԡ롯͡躮еĿܡ
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ҳȻڰ׵ġ
뿴ǲԼ²һ㡣
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Ҳ5.5Ľȣʵٵÿ
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ҳûҪڤ񣬱ѵݳһƿҩ̵̻֮á
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һҩ£ڱĹЪ£˾лͬڤ
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ͬҲ֮ǰܳɵԭ
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硣
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146 
磬ڡ
쳽Ļͯ߶һʦֵܣΧ۵һ쳽ʦ뿪󣬴ɿ
ֻʣһˣͯŸСĻعԥҪҪ
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ڤ磿

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˵뷨һ¡
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ڴ˵űãҪ뿪


147 
ڤֻһ䣬ռѷȻչɫӰת˲ʧ
ڼ΢Щڤ۵̬ȣת׹ڤһͶԡ롯ͬһӵ߲Ҳ˵͸һһ֪Էݡ
˼ˣҳڼҲ̤˿ռѷ졣
ԭȥһڼˣ˲ûٸ˼
г
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⻹ʶĹҽƺﲻ̫һˡ

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ڤһ֣й˲Ϊš
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ĬĬֲһ䣬Ǳĵӡ
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ǽնҪ˴ߵ˼ˡ

½ǡ躮ãȻ˵Ŀһ£ȴֻһҪýˣǿɾ͵ÿֶ顣
Ҫ躮ߵģڤ۰ɡƵ
ͬһʱв֪ߣҲԡ
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ˮֻڤ۾Ȼͬʱ˿סȸԻ·ڳˣ³ɫһĿ¶˷ܡ
СǴˣȸѹֵ𣬻вŵļ֮Щѹס
һＤǧˡ
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в֪ߣˮ˲㵱һͷ
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Խ躮ģ
һʳڤһɨˣǳǳ𣬡һεĽΣλӦûɡ
˵һΣԽɫһ䣬䡣
һΣһ䡮ȫڤ۶ᡯ˵һС
ҳԸڤ뿪

Σǽߵģڤ۲˴
ѡһΡ
֮ڳ˽ˣƵͣԣ躮ҪһΡ
ԣڼҪڣ۽Ƴһɫۡ
ڤֹ̧סĻͷ
ڼתͷȥȴڤ۴˿ŵķ
ǡ
ֻһɫӰ˽űڤ綦Ĺҽӳ


148 
ҳߣ
Լڤʱ㿴ڰףಽվߣһͬɨǸһܿˣվԶԶġ
ôˣڼҳ
ҳһۣ漴ǰǶڤһڣμڤۡ
һ˲Ŀ£֮ǰ쳽оһĻٶȷ
ͼҳͬڤһ󣬼̶򽭽
סҽô£ǿһޡ
ȻܿͿҽ󣬵ףʦ𡣡
ҳûͣٵģȺ͡¡
һͣ·𿴵˻þһ㡣
𾪵ǣˡֹ𣬾ħʶȺ󿪿ڡ
Ϊʦسڰɡ
Խߡ
㣺С䣬ˡ
ҳ
***
ȫ֮ķչ
ҳҰֻǰԾ
ǣҳ˶ϵͳһʾ
ϵͳϲܽͻơ50
ԣҳʱϵͳ鿴
ȻӨɫϵͳһ򿪣㿴Ϸܽڡ50棬಻١
һεӯҳɫĽϵͳرգ˵Ŀ⡣
ʦ𡭡
ҳȿ򽭽ĩӲʦȥ
˫ˮͫĿ˿ͬһǳӰʣڳݷ֮֮³һ䡣

˵䣬ҳûȥߣֻԼǵʦĿʱԵΪ
зʹϮҳ˱ۣѹºһٴνͬԽڡ
һ䣬ذɡ
£ҳ̶ֶԷҲذɡ
˵ţûٹ˵ıΣֶڤһȥ

㵱Ҫ׷һε˼õڤʲô˼
ڤڤȻƿһе
Ⲣǲ֮࿹
ڤ΢תΪʡ
˵ڤͣٺ󣬸˵λúƽһ
⻰˵ί񣬾ͲˣҳѾ˵ҪڤȻҪŵġ
գ㻹ѹסٿиĴתҳ뿪һֱڿ״̬ĳȸֻѴɨȥ
䡯뿪
ȫܽܣҲȷʵЩҡ
꣬һ˿˿ʹ
С䡭
ûжڹĽʱסҪ׷ȥ
Ȼ뿪
ԽɫƵƵͶȥߣδܿһǰ뷨ֻȥš
ͼŴ߽ɢ֪Щʲô
֮һʱЩ档

ľһ
ҽݾȻǡ
Ȼ⻹ȵģģµеˣ£⼸λȻס
ԽԽãһжֻǱǰ
ͬ뷨ģдڸмԺԲƵˮˡ
ֻڼҳ뿪ķһ˲ӡ
ţڰ׺ȥˡ

ҳ߳׼뿪ڤĶ죬û˿ͣ١
ǣ¶ʲôƵġ
ɾ뿪ú󣬷Ųһ΢΢Ϣ
ҳֻһϸ֪Ϣ
΢÷·ûдһ
ڰס
ڰסҳͷһ㻽˳
ͣ˽ŲʱƺڽԼԭԶ׹ҳ󷽵ڰӰתǰ
ڰףҳͣԾôˣ
ڰ˫ɫգգƺе޹ʵδʲôһޱ飬ûа㲨
ҳԼĪµ֮ǰڤڰףĴ𰸡
Լڰ׹ġ

Ȼڰˣҳ룬ϵͳͨܿ𣿡
ڰ׺ڤ֮ϵ
ڵУ˵Ľˡ5ڤ۾һ˿Ҳޣ0.05ͷβδ֣Ǹƽƽġ5.5Ľȡ
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ʼգڤ۶Ѳġ
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ҳ˶ڰףպ뿪һˣԹԻȥɺã
ڰһ˲˲Ķ
ԼԼ䣬ҳ͸˫޲İɫڤ۵˫ϷЦĿ⡣
ҳһ١
Σڰ׵Ļظá
룬ҳһ뿪ڤһͬϵͳھͿʼɡ


149 
ڤΪֵİٹУһȪˮӵص𣬻뿴ͷһˣֻܼӨڤԾ˳Ȫˮһ·졣
ڤȪԳΪٹ֣һҹʮǹǰν֣Ϊٹһ
Ҳͨν֣ǸǹͨϢ֮á
֮˴ȪˮиԴԴӿʱΪŨأܵʱ
ڹ޽νȴȫչǷ׷˽ڤ緢Ĵ¡
ˣ
ʲô£
˵𣿡ֻ˵С½ȥ˵ڤˣ
Ϥǰħһڤ磬ڤյľԭвˡ
֮֮ܶҪʲô鷢
һڹ˼죬ǰŵڤ½ơֹǵĳ룬ʱҲδ
˲²⣬ҲжҲ˵
ⶼչȥڤһ⣬˲ͼڤڹĺ˼
һ˵ʱģܲס˵֪һǰ۵Ĺͣ˲ӣ󷽾й޲ֹȫײһš

ӴӴʹڶ
мйʵɹϰһȴ˲ӣײĹҴܡ
˴ڤȪͷųĹŨҰԵɶϰĹ޵棬ȴҲб׶ˡ
©㣬ĹֹҲֹסر궼ڤȪеĹ˺Ѱʹ
죬ɢ˸æѣŶȥޣֵܶסɣ㡣
ȻûΪɵϵĹҴܵڤȪǵŵĹоɼһȴϼˡ
ϳˣⲻëˣȥ۪ǣҽҩ®
þǹҽ»֮һʱҪǰҩ®Թ岻֪ԭ𲻵޸ꡣ
Ŷ׼ˣûڤкȻֹҽôһ
ɻҽ˹ҽȻסȥ״
˵ҽڤв̶ȵ𣬲ΪֶθЩҽκϻв֢֮ĻߡΪҽʢשߵĴڡ
ڤڹ޶ԹҽŲɵͬʱǾмӡ
ҹΪŵĲٹֻͬҽ֢֮Ĺҽžη˼Ըµǰ۪ǣҽҩ®ڡ

۪ǣҳѡҩ®ڴˣͬΪ⴦ǵһ֡
Ե־ҳⰲ۪а˾ӡ
ǰùҽҩ®еϢʹֻǵһڹǰȥʱȴҩ®ֹ²ӡǰǵӰ
***
ˣ
ۼĹϳǰ֮ˣϻ̳Ͽֵ
һ޷׷ڼҲתͷֻĹ֮лһˡ
ҡڼ˶٣ֽӿڵҽģ
ǰ
ΪҼ񡢲ڼŵĹ޳ԣңң۽ŵҩ®Щŵǹҽ˺񲢲ҩ®
˵ţ޿ڵϱĿţǡ
ԣڼɫ˱䣬̶ֿһţ˼һ˲׳һƿҩȥ
ֽ̧ӹЩԥʲô˼
漴˵ĺ󻰡
ǹҽƵҩ޸֮áڼ԰գֿһ۱еƿ
Ҳǡ롯ġ
һ⻰æƿŷ¡
˵עתµҩתɫţǾֹ̾ͬʱ
һԵڼȻ뿪˴˴
תȥķ˴Էڤ

Ҳע⵽ڼķ򣬷ſ˵Ĺ޲²⣬ôʱ
ڤգȥڤڤۣô˹ҽ
˼˲ۿ
ĩ˻һ̾˵Щע㻹һҽ˸ջزãô뿪ҩ®
һҩڶ࣬ʱ˽ƣֻ֪ιҽҪĲҩû
żŸ̾ΣҲЩˣǰҽȥġ

ʱ˿̣ҩ®ǰһڹ̸еˡ
ҳһҩȡ
ѵڤ˶ҩĵطĴƮɢɽУЩҩǷġ
£Ӳڤڡ
һƬžֹϡ֮أйǰ
еİ֮ƶҳӡ
ʱϵͳĵԵļž
ϵͳǷҪڤ硣
ٿȻϵͳҳе΢ţʱɡ
ա
ڤ뿪ֽǵա
ڼ仹ܲʱϵͳʾ˽

ҳֹ뷨
ΪʲôڣϵͳеĽҲĽ
һ㣬ҳ˼⡣
ȣҲ֣ϸ꣬ԼҲ˰ɡ
ҳͬϵͳ˵ţʧЦһ˲ò˼ꡣ
ŲĽһ⣬ܹ㵽ʱ𣿡
ֽĽжʱ̽⡣
ҳĿǰΨһȱģҲֻʱˡ
ϵͳꡣ
ϵͳĻشҳһüë𴽵ꣿ
ꡣ
ϵͳ϶ٶȻظҳţٶϡ
ֻеƮĹڣκϢ·⣬һǿٳһյش
ҳС
һɣǰһ˯˹ȥ
ҳ˯Ե쳣ǳȣĽëḲ綼Ʋ̴㣬ܹߡ

ͬʱڤ
ڼһڤ⣬ڤеĽд򿪣ں󣬽ٶȱպϡ
ڤһ״̬
ڤڼ㾶ֱĳضȥ
ڤӦǡ

ڼ룬ĳ⣬ȻͿĳڰס
ڼƳڰףֻǴӺϣƺܵһ˿е
ڰףڼ̧ü
ڰûӦ
ֻڼȴãⲻƽڰס
Ƭ̣ڼջߣĳȥڱһƬĴƮŵŨ
ڼվΧ滽һڤۡ
沢δǡ޷
ĬĬڼħ뿪ڤ硭ȥһҩ®󡣡
Ŵҩ®뿪ʱһҩ®һˡ
ҽڡ
֪ڶˣ
ڼ˳Ըǰߡ
뿪ڤʱ״̬ڼšüܾ鲻ô׽
ܹǻҪһˡ
˵֪롯
롯Ҳ롣
֪䱾

ţȥڼ̧۳Ǳ߿ȥ
ͼڤһϮǰ˿߹ңȻν˿ȸлٳԾҲûõڤ۵һƳ
룬ڼڤۣȻѾ뿪Ƿٻء
˶ˣ롯Ҳڶ㡣
ȻɲǱһ˫ɫǳаâԾԼԼ·ҡ
ڼס
漴ֻһ䣬ٲ
ڤ۶ٲء
˵ʲô
ڼǿǣԡ
롯ǡ
ûľĽ
ڤ۵ٶһһ
ˡ


150 
ʱ˵˵̡̲
Ƿڴ֮ǰȷʵͦġ
ԣָһӼ䡣
ҳб¶֮ǰϵͳȷϹҲһ׼õĺ·ֻ;Ȼڤ۴ϡ
ҳû뵽ǣǾ׷ڤ硣
ڤٶ˵ҳڤۻĿġھϵͳ޹ղžԭƻС
һΣҳٴԼ¶Լ˭Ҳܽϳ
ڤǲɡ
ͬʱҲҳ˴֮ʣ״ûԼʹһˮ۾еԼ
ЩİȴϤ
ҳ˽ʮǹ¼ƽȻһĪȴԸСݡ
Ըǣҳĳһ죬ĸԽòҵ
ǣĿպѿ
糱ˮϮҳüĬκŽ
˼룬ŴҩݶռĲҩҩȥ
չȥ뿪ˡ

ڤзʮǣʮֱƹš
ҳڵҩȴγǱ߾γϽڤĵڤԶ
ҩȺҳֱγǣѰһֵĽֵȺĽ̸Ĺ޿ԼҪϢ
ڤˡ
ż˵ģҳ΢΢ͣ漴ڤµĽڡ
Ȼڡҳζ
½һ¡֮ҪΪ׿ϵġ
ʦǡҳڤʱ
ĬĬҳۣȥǵ
ʱڹ̸۵ĻѾƻڤ
ڤһ⣬ºİٹڵ˭֣
ٹڣٹνֵĳƣʱ㼯ʮǹԼʮ
Уڤ
ǰ궼ڤ۶ѡβֵ֪λ񡭡˵һ٣Ҫ˵ܽڤҲû˰ɣ
˵սȥģ񣬾ֻˡ
ٹڡ
ŵʱʮǹޣ֮ĹŹ󿪣Ȫ·ӡκͳͳڤ硣
Źذһ֮ΪڤʢҲΪ༸ǰΪһʢ

ҳֻڴû뾹ɡ
Ҫڤģ룬ҳ㿴һڤʢ
һߡ
ңͷڵúͲ˹Ƶģڼ֣ٹôҪĳ棬ô֣ҲСеġ
ڼƳ䵭߳Ҳ΢΢ţɫʮᣬڤ
һ⻰˲ˡ
ٹһ£ȫȨ𡣡ڼ˵ţ𽥰ԹĿ޶á
ڼˣ治Уˡֻġ
ǲѽĻ˵꣬ͼǰڼӰһȻ뿪
һ飬ҧҧȥһ·ڼڤ

μڤۡ
ڼվĳ⣬ûһЩȴȻҪЦһȴȫ᲻¡
˵ǣȫޣʶְٹڵĲ±Ȼ䵽ͷϡ
Ȼ֪㡣
˿̻ΪϴڤмһĻе
˭뵽ҽȻôݡ
ϵ֪Ľһ¾ͱϸ˼ò׼һԼ𾪵СϽձôһҵͷϡ
ֹٹڣԼǿϣҲҪѡ
ֱڤź֪˼紫ģڤ㿪ʼգǲǡ
ϴһйء

ڼֻԼµһЩջǱڤᵽĻеΪ
֪ڤ۵Դδǻء롯
Сȥˡ
ţڼڰ׵Ӱĳ⡣
״ĳȥ
ҲڰףϺ˫ɫͫƺ˻񣬾ڰУƺЩʲô
ʮó֮һ˼
ͺǡ
ǰģЩáͶʿ㣬в˵Ȼ
类ʱĵչ¶š
ǱԼĲ²𾪣һ顣
ڰײûиֻڤۺ
²룬Ѹ̧ڼ
һĳС
һڣæڤۣٹһ£ʵѵΣ롭
˵˵ţİ£ֻ̧ͷʱĳвڤ۵Ӱ
תͷȥڼɻ󿪿ڣڤǣ
ڼûж˵Ȼûмڤۣת뿪ĳء
⼸˵ĿģҲ֪ڤ취ѡ롯ҳ
Ӧǻûа취
˼㣬ڼһҲų˳
һڼҪߣæϣڤ۲ô˶ᣬֿʼ󣬡ˣٹֻɣ治ɡ
***
ĳأûȵڼɿڣֿŵڰףһתڰףܲҵڤۣ
ȻϵǣʻȻòڰ׵İӦ
ۿڼ˲ȥԶˣֻܽϣڰϣڰףڰסڰڰף
˰λӦҭҭ
£кһٶȻһڰס
¶ڰޱ漴ֶڰҲûаֲİɫ
ȻһЦڰףְٹڣҾʹȥҹҽˣΣ
һƻ˵꣬ͼڰٿرһ㣬ɡ
ֻһ͵Ƶɤ𣬡á
شб
ܸڤߵˡһССİٹӦǲڻµ˼ڰ״Ӧ˲Цһ˫۾Ǻãǰɡ
ڰףá

ΰٹְ
ٹ䵽ͷһ²̶һʱ˲䴫ڤ硣
һʮʮ٣䵽ҳУҲγǸתһȦ
ˣ
ûο˹ˣȻ֡
ǰĴڤĲڼˣ䵽ڼͷϵļȻǱġ
˭Ҳûϵ¾Ȼ֡

۷׷ס
ҳϵͳһϵͳ趨ĳҲһ΢ĩı仯
ҳԳױܹڤǲ֪ܹһеҳͬʱҲЩССơ
ֻǴǰϣܹһԭӨɫĽðŴ˹ĿʾʱȴǶҳġ
ʱ˿̣ϵͳʾİ˸ĿУȫʻɫʾ˵ɫһ㡣
ڼģһּ͸ĵɫ
鲻ѣְٹڡ
ҳرϵͳ棬ԱߵĹѾ۵Ҫǰmǣڡ
Ȼ֣ǻʲôϽȥmǡ
Զԣȥmǡ
ٹô»ȥո֣ȥռλӣ
һڹ˵ţ׷ǰmǡ
뿪ıӰҳ˶٣ȥ

һmǡ
ҳֵǰ˸ߺÿÿÿ˼ݵ
ֻһˣ̧Ľ˹

ʮ֮һmǷǵϽΪӪĴڡ
ټmһڣй޽Ϊ֮
mǵס
ҳȺ˵Χ׼ÿЩˡ
йۡ
ô죿
ǰǶ
˭
ȻͬӦݲ²λ˰ɣ
˵硡
ҳǰ濴ۣǰĽУֻڵԿȫò
ȴǡ
ȥͼԭɫɴڵĻȻƿҷ꾫µݱ¶һ˫ɫڳ˹â


151 
ڰ׵˲䣬ҳʶν˽ڰ˫ɫֻǴӹһ˲߽Ҳ벻
ע⵽ڰתĿ⣬ҳ԰
Ȼϵͳûг
Ǻܿ죬ҳ΢΢ǸַȥĻ
ͬʱĵɻͽڰΪλڴˡ

ڰǰһֱʶɨܣmǣ󷽡ڰ׸ոյĶȻע⵽
Ϊڰ״ҽĲͬԴΪս˴ʱ֪ΪΣЩ顣
˼Ƭ̣ܶڰ׵ٹһ´ףҶȥҹҽˡ
˵ĵҲȷʵȫʵ֪ҽģĵѵӿθѻ˵˳
Ȼѻ˵꣬ڰ׺޻Ӧ
ǵҪ̽ʶ󷽽в̽ʱ͵ر㱻һϸ
̺ѹ˳ͷųȥʶأ󾪣ʱ亹乡һʱҲЩҲŲҰ
ںǽеص壬ȫ汻ѹĸоǴӹﶼ͸Ҫ
ΪֹֻһᵽǾǡ
ڤۣ

ǱԼ뷨𾪵ɫһ㱡
ôܣŵķ
ݵʧʿˮȥ

ڽֵԾ㶼ʵӵܿ沿άֵ壬ͬʱҲͷųȥʶáһ˿һй¶
ͬһʱ̡
ʶɻȥ˲䣬󷽽Уһ΢ŵĵ


һй޴ӵ뿪ҳԭزñmеĹ޿֪
˴ѲmǣΪٹһ¡
ھٹֻа²ǲиڤڰ׹ǴԼֻߴ͵⣬ԾӦûĵط
Լʶѹ䲻˵ȴ̾ú飬ǰˡ
±ͬȥڰ˵ľëȻ֮мꡣ
ЩڣԴڰǰȥѰҹҽΪ˴mǾǶǴ
ԽȥڵĳӶˡ
ǵ֪ҽģʼͲڰǡ۰̾ǵðѹҽҳ

ҳв֪Լٱϣٹ֮ڽҲʱmǣ׼һǹŹءȪ·
Ƿд˵е
ţҳԾǡ
ֻǺ鲢δάּա
ҳmĿջаһϷʱֵֽУ͸δصĴڴ˻ᣬ
ʱҳ¥
һһ¥У˵ʲôҳŲٿضס
ֻ˵վǰٹˣҽţڤڿˣ
⻹꣬⻰ģԱһ˽ضϵħǱˣȻڤҪ⵽ٹڿʼҲδ֪
ֹħ磬ǰ˵λħһλɣ
λħ񶯾ֵͦġ
ͦⲻŸûþʹ÷зˡ
λħһλ
ơš
гȸ
˻˵źҳ΢ת
Խͷû˶Իв׽ؼʣҳüһš
ʲô
йһ¶ûд￪ҳҲ뿪ʱʲô
һ˼ҳ²ƵӦģֻǻ֪Լڡ
***
ȷʵҳԤϵǰ㡣
ƹҡ롯ġ
ڤһŶöֻ֪ڤʱһģڼ
ҲֱԵȥҡҽ
躮ֻǲҪڤгƺˣ鷳ƻ˵һתԵ
ڼǣдŵ⣬˿ûοڣˡ
˵գڼзȥɫƺҵЩܹĵı顣
ԣƹȻü˵ʲô
״ڼǣƶ÷йһ˲ͷ˸ɾӵˣڤ硣
ٲȻţ㲻˵Լȥҡ
һ˵ȥţȴüͷڼ
ŵ⸱鲻˵ƾͿ˲ԡ
ˡ
ӷż˼ʱڼıžöԷѣھ͸й߰㡣
ĬĬһʣȥˣ
ڼؿۣ֪
䣬һڤ
˱һϮɫ峤۵ĳȸ˿ЦеģҲԶ׼ɫ
Щۡ
ڼⰵ˰

Ѱûȸһʱڤ硣
СʹͬһˣϢ˵𾪵ģĪڳȸͬʱҲܵǸ
á
һˡ
ȸûй˭һͷ˿չҫ¡Ե޵췢ûȥһ
ڤпһȸڼֱ⣬Сأģ
˵ţȸ˫ɫĹâԵΪ졣
ڼͬû˵øΪ̣Ҫ˲ˡ
ڤ۶޷ٻء
С
˵ʲôȸЦⲻĿڼ
ߵĻ֮ȷʵԽгȸ衣
ֻǴ˱ա
Ǵ˻С䣬һ㣬óȸ׹ȵףб

һߣջڡ
ֻŴһƬ
ˣܲ𣿡
Ҳڣ֪Ϊʲôġ
˵ɡǱˣϡ棡

˾ۿҳʱüͷһ塣
ż󻰣ҳɫЩŹ֡
ǲԼģ
˵ĸͲ⼸ˡ
䡮ˡôҲ˵ȥ
˼ˣҳϵͳ鿴
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أЩ˿дֵ̡
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Ϊθڤд
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ҪҵġС䣬˵ǺꣿôҲû뵽躮Ȼôͣ궼ܱ䣬ţɫһ
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뵽䡯ȸĶӿ죬ڼεĶⱨַ׸ݹҩ®ȥһн
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˸ۣʾҪϳȸƲҪ
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153 
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ÿһ¶ڣһЩϸ֦ĩ棬ȡ֮ǰľǡҳҲʱʱ̶̿¶ˣֻ費ϳɡ

ҳҲΪڤе֪ˣ༸ڹҽ뿪ҩ®ϢӦǳֻ̬ȵġ
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154 
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ԣĵס⡯һӿڱǲС
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ҳŮ뿪֪ԺԵĳ棬ȻС
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156 
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̹Ӱ֯ŵɫֵ߹ŵĴһƬӰǷ༸磬͸˵Ĺ֮С
ڤУʱ˿ӳڹľɳƵһ䡮ϲ졯
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ͨ˴СǰǿһƬ͹㳡ʱŹһ˴ͨڤͨ
ӡκš˰̨ڤŻֵĳԻ
ҳǺ棬һ·˳ǰУǵĹ޽Իÿһ·ͬʱлڼƺˡ
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157 
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ʱûг֣ǸҲסڰ׵ġ
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иͷϷŴգգۡ
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Լ뷨棬ûסȥ˿ڰ뿪λá
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158 
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ҳһ磬վųȸ״Ʋɨڤڵλú󣬽ɫƳһǸ߸Ķ¥ĩĿظ̨
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˵Ϊʲôôƶ᣿ͷǵðߡ
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162 
˵ʲôϵͳͻһλشŪ£ҳһ顣
ϵͳͬһһ۵ظŵĶ԰ס
ߡ
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Ӧ÷ģڲݳʱȻɺϵͳᵽ
ԷԹ⻷䵽Լϡ
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ġҲ˵Ǵ˷磬ȫΧȻչ趨
ҳ²⣬ĿǰϵͳбеˣԽΪȻ֮ӵȴȫ䵽Լͷϡ
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ҳҲ벻ϵͳ֮ĶԻЩߵԭתΪǴԼ
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˼ˣҳü΢š
ǵãϵͳԣԹ⻷ܴժȥ

ҳʶԵΪһȫΪԹ⻷ǳġ
ҡ
ͻȻʲôҳٶԺкϵͳһߺһһδϵͳ棬ǸҲδйֲǸڵòٺڵĽϡ
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˴ĺøжȶﵽ˸ߣôڤʼն5.5Ľֵν͡
ڼҳϵͳе©ҳǵ㲻֪ζ𡢴ϵͳߡʼͱҵ԰˼֡
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ǹǺΡҳδжϳ
ڰסҳһɤ΢ʣӦʲô
µʱ֣ҳֻһ۱ܿ϶ڰ׶ǸӦʲôͬǱڤŵȸ֪ˡ
ڤǱߡˣ
***
ҳƲǰ㡣
ڤ۲ڤĽ硣
Ķֱֱڤۣ̬ǿӲ
ڤеĽ磬ʱСڲڴˣ㶼ʶӦ
ڤеĽ粻ǰmʱǸʱµС磬Ϊסһʱ̡
Ľڤ֮ɵڤ磬ҪǿͻƣֶҪķѲ١
;ܷ
˿Բƿĺʱʶ´˷򿪱Ƚʡʱʡ
ڼûϵǻ֮ҲǶݵü˷ǿжֵͷȴתơ
ֻһ绹á
ڤ˵½УΪǿƵһ磬ڤһִơ
򲢷ǽһ˵㣬ƾٳһһѡͷˡ
һ䲻˵˵ѣȴҲܺ硣
ħҲͬһħͳħʱһֻ֪ʤµɢɳжңȴҲŽᡣ
ǲϣ֮λҲ⾰
Ψڤ粻ͬ
ڤ𣬱ڤ֮عڤƹܡ
һڤйصģԹڤС

ڤԣڼȷ
ǡ
üͷ
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Ϊһ˴󶯸ɸ꣬ⲢҳϣģͬʱҲΥĳԡ
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163 
ǡһʱЩƵ˶ݵĳţ漴ֻһ֣躮
һģһԸ߰ɤС䣡
ֻȸ΢ֱҳޱȿ϶ظһ鷽ŵĻС䡣
ǰǻȷ
ôǡڴ˿ֳ̣ڤеġڤ۵̬ȣѾ֪ҳݡ
һŲ롮½䡯躮ǡ롯ͬòȴԼԼ͸żơ
һ֪˱ҪҵˣôҪ֮Ӧмѭ
ȸעҳԽԽС䣡
ҳδ˵ƺĬ˵Ļ뿴Ŀ⣬Ҳһһ˹ȥ
ʦ𣬡ҳڣ¡
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һҳ¿ˣ֮ǰ̬ȱ޶£һ䣬ذɡ

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ҳѡڤɣ˿ĿʱɫᶨñֱĿбӡ
ȿڵģǽɫһҳ·ڱǰ֮ǲյСͽܡ
κֻ治ԸΪʦȥ
Сͽ˵ʱºͣ˿ȴ˼ּɬ֮У·ÿһ仰Ӳӳݷмġ
ԣҳͣջ뽭һ˲ͷǡ
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ҳһʱԣҪ˵ʲôȻӿڣСҪ뱾ȥ
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ҳ֪˿ֻϵͳʾǷʱĵײ֪ӿ˿˿ΰЩĪҲ֪Ϊεĺڡ
ڤϿƮĺһһɢָһƬƣڤٶȱ֣һеİɫɨ
ҳһռĵطɫϣůڵ¶ӯȫϵͳ򿪲鿴
ͼȥ˸в̶ͬ⣬ƱѽӽֵĽȻ100
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⻹ҳ״Ŀ뿪
һΣֻԼͬǻȥ󣬽ŰԳڤ򣬻ԼݣʱղŹ顣
Ҳδ˵ʲôʱǿԽҪĳȸһߡ
뿪ʱһۻСͽܡ
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һȥϷĸ״̬ʾΪҡ
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ҳ
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ҳȷʵǴֻδǼϵͳ֮ǰĻ⡣
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飬ǽҳ˳Ƿʡ
ˡ
ƺǶĻʾͬϵͳһ㣬˳
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164 
ҳЩϵͳġ١ָЦƬ̺Ц⡢ͬϵͳ˵˼䣬Żĳȥ
ڳҳֻüҴƳһڼȴҲԼϢпЩ
ټ֮ԡƶϳڼĳس֮ǰ˽ʱܵˡ
ף
ҳ۷ĳص;Сѽܹĵҩӽȡ˳һɫСƿ
ĽӿռУСƿһģһĻ߲࣬ƶ
ǡڤۣЩ߲ݱڤ۸ģҳ׼Ժ㽫еƿԽڤۺԷԴǰһ˹Źء
ӡƱҪһɵġ
һֱĳ⣬ҳſǱŵһӰ
ҷͬʱķ˹
ڰס

ҳڰһĳء
һڣڼĿڳرϥϹƺЩܿƵĹĶ
ҳڼǱԴԴϴĹҲǡڴʱһĳۡ
ֻ˿ȸԼӰ۵ס
ڤ۲ڴˡ
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ڼҳһ٣ỽһ
ԣڼƺ˵ʲôɻȴͣ
龰ԴǰЦҳ

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֪ǲĴٿȻƲͷʼգۡ
ƿ˫Ӳյĵɫһīɫҡ
***
ڼֻЩɷϮ£ҲѲҳעЩڼɢγ󣬲ŽҩõС
ҳѵҩݸڼˡ
Ƴ쵽ǰ˳ָбӨ΢ָŵıɫСƿڼüһ
Ϊһվһڼ̧׿ҳǷŶԷᵽһӦй޴֮¡
ɤ˿˿У뵭ĮĿǣڼЩϡ档
ƿӹҳջ֡
ֻ֮˿ڵСѣ
ҳֵĶ΢΢һ͡
Ϥĵ٩٬ȴ˷С
߲ƳĵҩЧ죬ڼºĴҴڵĹԼȻƽҲϸϸһҳ
ǱڼͻȻתıþ̾ͬʱҲ˵仰еһ棬汻ڼ˽еĹҽ˻ʲôӦ
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СѡƺڼħλŻеǳơ
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ȥҳʱûٿڤۣʱҲֻڼڴ˴š
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ڤгһֱmǣҳеǹɷδйɢֱʱǰ㳡·ϣ
ڲĵ꣬һֱ֪飬ȴһ˲֪ʱ̣ҳȻһڽӵ
֪ȴֲ֪
ҳΪȻǿҵĸеһʱ·̯ϼ޵Ҳڴ˿̴С
ǰĿħʣ
ɲţ
ף˵翪˽磬һĤڤϵûпۣ

ϵŹصҳٿȻͣ˽Ų
ƺһǡʱǰɣҳĪѹ˷ŵķңפԡ
۽Ƴڰ׾ֱǰӰҳһֳסڰ׵ӣ˸ͣ£ȥ˵ġ
ȷʵ𰡣
Ҳˣ˺ڼ˶ڣԼռλħ˺ˡ
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ǴˣʱmǵĿ֮ЩûһѪϷӿĽŹˣ
Խ˵Խš
ҳʱϸڣȻһڹһת˻⣬ת˵˱ġ
ˣҳһûʲôڴ˴ߵɡ
Ҫ̧뿪֮ʡ
ٿһỺɻ֪ʲô


165 
Ϥɤ˿˿Ц⣬ҳʶƫͷȥٿȻһ˫ɫǳĿ⡣
ڰ׵ģҳȴֱ˴ʱ˵Ĳͬ
ڤۡ
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ϣҳҿۣǵѰһ˴ʡ
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˲ϢҳٶȿȥʱѾ˷Ǵ֮ء
ʱͬԵģҲڰס
ڤۡҳųڻ̧ǰڤۿĿײһ
ĿԼ䣬Ųߡ

˿̶һƬ֮Уڤ۵ڤ֮ٳСռڣҳûٿڰ׵Ӱ
ڤƺδҪ˼ȻҳȴٿȻʧ׷ȥ˼
ڰڤͬһȻѾ֪ΪλҪ׷ڰ׾ǲڤ۷
ҳ룬Ƚ߲ƳɵĵҩȡֵŹһ£Ҫڤˡ
˵գҩԹ˹ȥ
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ʿ䣬ҳ˼ոջʱڤһۡ
һɫǳʲô˫ݼţ䲶׽ɢȥ
Ȼ˼ʲôҳҲûٶ롣
˲ݳкڤֱۣĽȥ

ҳԡ½ĽҼΣĽݻĹϵĽҲĿãΪŵӵݡ
һĽң㱻˸У̬ȼΪ
ҳһ·Сˣ߿ڤ۵ĿⲢһ˿·𲻹ǿһƽƽ桢һǰʿ
龰ҳЩ档
еڤۣǺģ
һ·ʱܼҸұӭ˳һҳЦˣ̬ͬϹϾ
ҳֻ΢ɨ˶ԷһۣȴӺϿࡣ
ƺɣ١
ĽҸӣĽݻλܼҲĽݻǱߵˡ
ϴĽݻԴĸ̬ȣҳЩϸڣֻЩ޹ء
ΪһҵĹܼңҲԹɫıν˼£ҳһ۱
ҳֿ½ÿɡ
ԣҳûеһʱƿĿ⡣
ֻҼոлйͣڽӴ
ҿеļֽƼҵĽݻĽݻԽӴģҲȷʵ𡮹֡͡
ҳȤұЦǺǽӿڣǶӣ½Ӧʶ
ӣɡ
ȻǶƹܣʵϴȨѾ䵽С
Ҿϴκһ£ɺĽݻ˺ҹϵӦɴ˱ܡ
ҳû˵ʲô
Ҳ㲻ٶԣֱǰȥ
ҳں棬ֻڸ˵ǷһͶ˹þöδŲͷһ


169 
ɹܼҸҵĴ죬ҳ˳ĽݻԼ뿪Ķɡ
ǰǰͨǻڴ˴ͣĽݻǰȥӭ˿̼ҳȳһЦ
֮ҳҲͬͷ漴ֶԶɼһ񣬡ӡ
½Ͷ֮䣬ΪһеĽ֮ҳǶԶжԷ̬Ѻá
ɶף½ѡ
˼кĽݻЦҳһۣѯʣôпչ
½Ľݻһμ棬ӦʢʱҲҳ롯ԷǴΡ
ҳЦЦͬʱϵͳᵽ
˲δٶ˵ȥֻ򶫷ȻһҪߵļƣм£ǰĽݻ
ֻ໥һֻ˵ͷ
űɸҳͿ͡
ҳ뿪ıӰۣջʱ۽Ƴһֱ˺Եڤۡ˿עԼ
״ҳһ١

ǡʱĽݻҲſҳԵڤۣһһЦҽܽܣλǡ
ҳųڤĿԵߣתƲͷԥƬ̺һ䣺ѡ
˵⻰ʱɤԴɡ
ڤһЦ
ĽݻǲʲôԾûټ׷ʡΣЦдˡ
ڼ䣬ĽݻŮˮģҳϲġ
ǰ½Ľסһʱ䣬Ůй¼ʳڿЩЩûã˽⡣
ԴƶϿ˵ϲãĽݻҲ˻ô˵
ؿһŮһװϾѵĹߣҳƫͷۣûʱ
ֻĽݻ֪λϲЩʲô׼˵㣬á
ҳתһŮڤһԣ¼̵ġ
Ŀ⣬ڤ۴ɨһ۱ŵԼߵĸ㣬ɤǳԣ
ҳٿһ͡
ڤ۵Ŀ⣬ǳϲ
żҳͻȻһ
֪ΪΣŴĽݻǾ䡮ϲʲôԡ
ڤۿԣҳֻĵһĪ
Ǳʲôһ°㣬ԺͬʱӿֳǰڲݳһĻ
ڤϲڰסǡ
ģҳδϸȥһӦЩӲת˻⣬һԴֱߵһѡ
ӸղߵƺЩ

Ľݻڡ½ͶɵʶǺ棬ʱҲδȷʵ¡
ԸתƿȥҳٿȻһɣųĽݻȥ׼˵
ĽݻҲͬʱɻ
ҳ֮ӡ
ֻĽݻʣ㲻֪
ҳʲô
һ⻰Ľݻɻ֮ɫء
״ҳšü
ʲô£ҪҲ֪ġ
Ľݻ㲻֪
ԣҳͷ
Ľݻ˸ƣޱߴµһ縳üǽзĴ£Ҳ֪
ҳĬĬ֪
һֱڤ磬֪Ҳ޴ӵ֪
ãв˻ǰڤ磬ֽ󿪣ʿ硣
ʴˣҳڤʱ䣬֪ڤչһ⣬һ֪
ҳһ֪Ľݻ˶٣ЩʲôƬ̲ŵϴιҵ£֪ɣ
ң˵
Ϊ¼֮һҳ֪˵ͷ
һǡ½֪ˣĽݻЦ¡
뵽ʲôҳȻ˵ǰѯʣᡭйأ
Ľݻǡ

϶Ĵ𰸣ҳһҲͽйأ
ڳĶǴˣĽݻʻеġ硯Ǻ˼
ڤ֮ĽĤ
½˼֮࣬ĽݻǣЦû
ٶ϶ҳȴЦ
ԭĽ磬ͳġ
ֻǲ֪ЩʲôȻ½硣
ĽݻҲӣʼͬϴǸޣڤʮ֮һǰεʵ֮
ΪǸ۲۵ķӣƺͼȡڤ۶֮
˵ģҳ֪ģէȻ˿ڤ֣ۡҳǱʶƫͷȥԷᵽڤ۱ˡ
ڤ۲δαʾҳֱܷ̬ȡ
Ǹ㲻вȴ˵߱Եյҳɲܴڤ۴˿̵ı￴ʲô
һߣĽݻѾ˵˴˴Ŀġ
ԭ˾ȻֿʼùΣٶܵв
ҳرЩͷ
񡭡
ȻǸ
ĽݻγĽݡһǰڲμӴᣬŵ˻һͬǰʱҪ޵ǹ¡Щʴĵӡ
˵˴Ľݻһ١
ҳУĲ²һĽݻͬʱ˵
ϴνܸҵλҽˣεķ˵ţĽݻٿһ䣬֣ص𡮹ҽˡƺš
***
ҳǵһԼǰԼһݡҲ˵Щ̫ڡ
Ҫǡ
»и֪ˡ
ҳתͷȥ֪ڤ۵߱ȻԼϵġ
ҳͻȻЩڡ
ΪҪб¶ݡ
ˣ˿ҲôһΪ߳ܵͽȻһʰҳֻպӿһѪҺƶзڵļ
ǡ
ҳŴ
ջǵȵǵ߷·ѾƿҳŸо⽥ת֮ҲҪǰİɡ
֮ǰ뿪֮ĽݻӵһۣӦΪһ¡
Ҳй˴˿Ӧһǰ˳ڡ
ǲ뷨ĽݻʱлЩδȥ᲻١
˽Ľݻ˵Լģҳ˿š
˼䣬;ĽݻҪһͬڡ½ΪĹŵӣسһʮƽ֮¡
ҳûʱشĽݻҲ㲻ٶʣΪ˰˷䡢ҳĽס¡
ѵһΣĽݻȻúһպ󣬲ż
ҪĽһ£ҳδܾŮ·ȥ䡣

ĽݻΪҳ˰ŵķ䣬֮ǰסǼ䣬ڤסҳԱߵķ䡣
һǽ֮ľ롣
䲻ԼªȴǱȲڤ
Ȼ֪ڤ۵ľ磬ӦòϢģҳ۷䣬񽥽ſգ֪Щʲô
ȵعͻȻһˡ
ˣҳӴЩ󣬡ڤۡ
ڤۿʲô
ҳ
Ƿſһ˼ûʲô
ڤȴһֱ
Ľݻƽⲻͬ
ҳȻһεѹǿְԵȻһ˲ȴʧӰ٣·δֹһ㡣
ҳһ١
ڤʣϲѣ
һ䡮ϲҳŬԼҪȥһ£صϲ
ǳЦϣҳ̧ڤƳȥһۣȴδ˫ǳѰǵЦ⡣
˼ֻŶԷٶȳϲʲô
ڤ۵һ˵
ҳü΢̧ҲӦϲ
ҳ˵仰󣬷һĬ
ֻ꣬һ
Сƭӡ

ٿȻżڤҳûеһʱȥԷⷬΣʼ˼
ģϲ
նһˡ
һССԢֻͨ͸Ĳһ㲢ʵǽڣȥ硣
ģ֡
ܳ
ʱ
ȴԵĪİġ
Եá
¶

֪ݽ˻Уû˴ϡ
֪ǹ˶á
ҳٴλʱǰ˲δ뿪
ƺ󣬶ԷһֱûаŲ
ҳͻȻͲܿˣֱڤۣ˶ڤô֪
񡭡ϲֵġ
ǣǰûзֹ㡣ҲŻڴʱ˿̣ҳǴڤۿйԼϲ֡
ӺȻ֮䴳ԭʱҳ߲ŽԼȴֺԼġ֡ԽԽࡣ

硢ħ硢磬ڤ硣
ҳԼ֣ҲԼ
ʱҳὫ½躮䡯롯ֿΪһ졭Ҳݱ¶죬ЩսԶȥ
ͬʱҳҲ̰ݵ֮סľ
ƫƫһжҳ

ҳ
ţ
ҳ֮ʣ˻֡
ҳ̧ۿȥһ˫ǳɫ֮УײһƬ΢۵ףӳһ˵ĵӰǵӰװС
ǸӰӰ񵽵˭֮ҳ𽥾۽ҴҾĿ⡣
ӳŵġ
Լ
Ȼҳȥ
ǰһ룬Ȼڤɤٶ
ֻڤۻڣ
ǳǳ˵˿˿ϣҳԾ滰
ͬƻһ㣬˳ڤ۵ĻԷԺҳſɫĴһһϣỺصһ䡣
ޡ


170 
ҳ˵꣬ƺЦ˫ӳԼӰУԶ׼Ц⣬۵ס
Իͨ״໥Է֡
ڳȻţڤ۾ָˡ
ҳҲЩȡ
ܾ֮ǰţڤˡعҲ棬Էص̺١
ٸӡ
һ֪ô۴εأֻҪһڤ֮ᱻ֪
Ҳ˵֪Ƿݸ֪ͬŨ񣬸֪ľǲᡣ
һȻԽ֪Խá
Ҳҳڵ֪ڤ۱ⲻ㶵ԭ
ţֻԷ˵ܡ
ԣҳŻʱԳصһ±㱻ˢ΢תڤۡ
ҳĬһ˲˼ڤԵ˼
Ƭ̺ŷӦӲЩ
ڤ۵˼ǣܡ
ǲǿ˵ޡ֣ĿǰΪֹֻһ֪

صٿȻ£ҳٴڤ۵ԣ˸
֮ҲᣬΪҪ㡭
ҳ۽΢۵ͷһ㡣
Ӧ
ͬʱϵͳʾ
żӵҳ̧̧ۣԷ
ķȻδ䣬ⲢԿƣҳ಻׿ѯʶԷϵͳɨۺҳ㽫֮ص
ֻԶհԼԼ͸Źɺг
ҳʣڤô
һ˵һԣȡӣ¶
Ķ˴ԶתΪԶҳһڤǰ漴ŶԷ
ڵĻش
ɶݵĳĬҳҪĻشûȵȴģ䱻
ĽݻɤŴ˽½
֪Ľݻҳһʱ㿴ڤۡ

ҳ£ɫ糣δһ˿ľ֮ϣִ͹ȥǱ¶
ڤ۵ָ쳣𪣬ɫıյƻָڰְ㣬ֻ̽һָֻ֣ڱĦţ
һ˲䣬ҳ֡ʵڤ֪Ľݻͷ
ʵϣҲδùڤ۵ĸ֪
뵽ʻҳһ򴽽ǣ϶
ڤ۷ǿĽݻҪŻǰķ䡣
ֻԽ϶㣬ҳԽĵĪӦ˼֣Ľݻɤٶȴ
Ľݻһ½ͬʱģڤЦߣ
ҳǻкһ㡣
Ľݻ˴ڷС
͵رԼ뷨סҳƶмִң˶ٲתͷظڡ
˵գҲȥڤ۵ı顣
˵˫ԼУ˿̶ǱЦˡ
ֻһ뵽ڤĿ⿴ԼҳͿʼβſס
ͬʱȥţżҳĽݻȻ˽
һھͿŵˣĽݻǿҳŽĿһˡ
ϵϢȻ֪֡
***
ĽݻϢų˵֪ǰдҳʱûл۲롮½һˡ
һۣĽݻȻĪЩϤ
һ˿Ϣй¶ģֻһˡ
˱֮ǰҽһĻҷꡣ
ʱ˿̣Ľݻ˵ڶˣҷһ
ܴӡ½ϣ֪̽κһ˿һϢ
ίʵЩ֡
ĽݻһͽĿͶڤۣҳһ٣䲻֪ǰǷʲôȴٽȥ
ҳѯʵ֮ôң֪ν£
֪ǲĴҳ֪ڵһ룬һĿȻ䵽Ĳϡ
ҳĽݻԼתͷȥ
ʻĽݻҲʶԼ㶢˿ȷʵЩʧڤǸȻһЦ
漴ȥҳʵûʲô¡
ҳ΢Цȴġ
״Ľݻ˶ٺ󣬸ֿڣֻǰһ£Ĳһ
˵⻰֮Ľݻֲڵ£ȫȻ˰梣ԡ
󻰲ضᡣ
ҳ׹ĵ׶ĽݻĽ˸ĹۡѿĽݻǴȨĽ壬ɱĽĿء
ܶ˵ĸίʵ
ֻǲҳػǰֻͣϵĿдڸС
ڤҪ˵𡭡

سڣҳļƻ֮ڡ
ڵڤСȾܾԽʱҳûдڶʱͬǽӴ
̼ǵõʱĳسʱڤĿϢܻذ㡣
˾ҳϣٳط
½ĺƽӦơ
١
ҳ뵣Ρ
ҳǰԭҲΪĽݻĽĿǰˢķΧС͵ġ
˵ĽݻĽͬȽǷɹۣѡнΪѡġ
ڤۣѱҳˡˢķΧڡֻԷĽʵЩ޴֣ĥǡ
ؼڡ
˼е⣬Ľݻҳþò𣬲ٶȻ½
ҳ֪ӦĽݻڽԼ
˿̵̬ȣ֮ǰǰʱüᶨ˲١
Ҳءҳ
ԣĽݻãûеҳҪ͵˼Ҳա
ˡĽݻһ룬ż׼ȥģ
ĽӹɣҲĽݻʳԵԭ
ѡ½Ľڡ
ֻĽĽݻ⣬˻ᰭš½ݡȴٲҪԴһ˵ý
֪ĽݻĹǣҳһЦʾһ뿪ݳǡ
ȥҿ
ΪĽݻĵһ˵ǣҳµһ˲ֻĽݻٿȻһ䣺һ𣿡

˵գͼĽݻߴӶɨ
ҳرĽݻĿ˵㲻žΪͬһ㡣
ԣҳͣһʱû˵
δڣȴ֮ǰ˿ڡ
һֱһԵڤֻۣͻȻĽݻ䣬Ȼ
ɫƽ̬Ȼ·Ӧ
Ľݻ״ʱ㲻ٶʣĿ¶Ȼͬʱףͬҳһ䣺պʱ䣬λǰĽͣʱصɨӭ
ҳûü˵һ䣬̶ֻڤۼڣỺӦá
һ鳶ԼĽһС
ڤ۴ӦĽݻЦЦûжܹ¡½ľеʲôԣͷʾպ
ĽݻҹֻΪ˵£ҳ֪󣬲ʱ뿪ˡ
ٶֻʣҳڤˡ
ҳȻڽǰб¶ݣĽݻУ˶֪ĹŵӶһ¡
ʶĽݻŻһѯҳǷͬһǰڵ
ǷһȻҪˣĽݻ뿪ǰֻҳһζĿ⡣
Ǹ񡭡
ţҳ۽ƳڤɫΣתۿȥ
ֻڤ۵ȥģ


171 
էȻżڤ˵һ䣬ҳͬʱգգۡ
޶˵ģƴ⻰Щ˼
δףһ̣ͽȻһɴŴ̹Ϣҳעȥ
ڤʯسڤеڤʯҳʶ
ţǱ鲼Ƶڤʯ͵ǰ
ҳһڤʯ漴̧ͷڤۿȥֽ̧ڤʯӹǵĴ߱˱ֱûжʡ
ڤʯСʧ˷ŵĺϢȥ
ǰĽݻᵽһҵ£ڤۼˡ
һĻ
ͬʱҳ뵽˵黹ڤʯʱڤֻҪպҪ
£ҳδڣڤ۾ǰڤʯ
˼ˣҳ΢ۣڤʯָֻỺȥ
һϡ
պá
ڤĿ֮ǰֹ֮ģƶһ̱ǳ
ӶԷһ˲ڤ۴ǻ׵ͬа㣬ܽ˫۵֮Уһ˿âл
ҳ΢̧Եá
˵գڤʯս˽С

ĽݻȻѽĽҸڵһӦ˾ԽĽ壬ǰҲԱ˵մ硣
ҳͬڤǴĽУδ뿪
ҲݳǾ볯಻գĽݻղߣ˳ڻһ٣ʱ䱻ŵǡô
ٲС½ԭ
˵Լپۣɡ½òһĽңĽݻȻڴʱ룬ǰԡһʱ
ҳ֪Ĵ㣬Ҳ߶̫ãڽհ뿪Ľҡ
˳׼˴һйϢ
Ǻߵ֪󿪣ͬڤһĤһ£ԲŻڴʱٴγҡ
ҳĲ²ⲻ޵
֮ǰڤۣЩŵҲδֵ˺ãֻεĵһǾӢŵӣϴǰʩµĹУȻһʧ
ʱҲΪڤ۵ĳ֣Żæݳں󲻼ټ
ԽԽҲʵֻϧҲ뵽ڤٶȳС
һԵɺ֮£һε֪µĶ¡
ڤˣڤǽв֪֪غ׾ͻὫ֮Ϊڤڶơ
һΪ˽͡
ҲΪ㣬ҳŻ棬Ҫ뿪ݳʱٲ̽һϢǣڤͬһǰġꡣ
***
˳㣬Խʱ滮׵ҳһʱȥ֪ڤۡ
ǡ˵꣬Ľݻ˹
֮ãҳҲԼĴ˵ǴԺߡ
һ˵ҳע⵽
Լ˵֮ʱڤƺһۣȴںһ仰ʱƲߡ
֮ǡ
ϰԾϲĳ¡˻һСϸڽõҳĵ׽ֹһߣٿؾͣ˼
Ӧˡ
ҳޡ
˵µĽݻڴʱ˿ڣ߲ˡ
ԣҳ̧ۿüͷ΢š˻
ĽݻֽѾ˳ڡ
ҳĽݻĻ֮⣬漴һ͡
ӲݳǹȥĻӦִĽݻ˵ġաӦ˵Ѿ˽
Ϊдһᡭ
ֻĽݻһУͷȥ⽫ĽҵϢһ䡣
⡯һٿȻŴ
ҳĵȻͬʱ͵س˳
ʦ𡭡֪ˡ

ɶҳһ²֪飬ڽǰᵽĽҼ½Ҳпԭ
ʵϣҳϵġ
Ľݻ˵𶫷ҪǰڲμӴʱӦ֪⡣
֪٣ֵΣ
ҳв²ü£
Ȼͬʱüģ֪ͬĽݻҲΪͻĴŽЩ죬Ϣ󣬺𶯣⡭
˵˴Ľݻһ٣ҳ
λ֪ԼͽܵϢˡ
Ľݻ䲻ڳԣƺЩš
һޣ飬ӸλԳݣʱܼԷ¶ı
룬ԽĽݻȣǲᣬ۵üĶɡ
һԴģҳ
𶯡ʱҳֻ·Ʊʲôһ£»֮ȥһǳǳۼ
ҳŴû˵
νʦĺ֮ûʦ

ڸеһͤڸţ˿΢Щš
ĽݻҳɫҲû뵽㣬һʱЩԥ
ǶɵĴһ꣬ĽݻʹЩ²⡣
ȱǡ½֮䷢ʲô½ɫ糣־Ӧûʲô¡
һƺﲻԡ
뵽ĽݻҲ㲻ԥҳ漴ƳƳһԶŵڤۡ
òƽƽͨȴǲף֪½Ӻδύҹϵˡ
˼ʹ˴סĽݻֿҳ½
ҳһۡ
ĽݻŶ˵Ѿǰ˲ݳǡ
ͨõжеϵʽʶȽĶҪ죬ҲĽݻǰ˵Ϊܸҳѡ
ǲ֪òõϡ
룬ֻ֮ɫʱһ䡣
ţõˡ
ҳͽȻһ͡

ʦȻϢֱӱǰ˲ݳǡ
һҳû뵽ġ
ʱ̫̣Ҳݲ˼ȥ
˵һҲΪ
ҳţԷӳڸݳǣķѶʱ䡣
Ľݻ鲻ԣʣôˣ
ҳҡͷδ˵ʲô
Ƭ̣ŵ֮ҿҪ뿪
ո½ļƻ˲䱻ңҳѸƽͬʱзɿ˼Բߡ
ջǴ㣬ǰ뿪Ľҡ
ڲǺͽʱ̡
ҳϡ
ĽݻĿ¶΢㵣üҲԾɻھߣ
ΪΡ½ҪϢһӦ뿪Ľҡ
ҳ΢΢ףɫתΪƽֻܸپˡ
֣ĽݻҲӭˣǳ
ҳ˿ŵͷл
лĽݻͬѡ
ԣĽݻһЦѡ
ҳ˶٣漴һЦͬǡ
˻䣬ϵͳʾĽݻĽͻơ50
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173 
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ʱɽ࣬Ǿ֮ˣһһӡʯ̾͵ʯϡ
ڤΪҳУҲ׹ں󷽣һɫҴҵͼ䣬ȻȥòԵΪۡ
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ڤ۲ÿɷ
ҳҲû˵
Σ˲δ뿪˼ҳüˣ
ڤβ΢ɫƽڳʵص㲻뱾ߡ


174 
ûСڤ۵Ļ䣬ҳʸڷϣ漴ǰԺζǲš
״ҳٶȷŻνڤ߰ɡ
¼Ȩ¹ŹǱҪ½Ҫ
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·ͷ˵ҳӭڤ۵Ŀ⣬ֱֱ˫ǳɫУҪԷ
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˶һ룬ҳ˼ȻĽͣҪҵ񲻼һʱȻҲѶգ´֮˵١
ڤ۵ڤ䣬Ӧʱա

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ԣҳһͣĿ¶⡣
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175 
ͽȻӾʦžǽҳֻЩ˼顣
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ͬʱҳʲôҲû˵
û˵Լҳ֪ʦ𱾸յĵӡ

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Էз˵峤Ǿʶ
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ںǼʱ˵֮˽ͬ峤ʶûʲôϡ档
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״ҳشӱν£ּ̧ѽУԱţڣ½

һھڵǳڣʱתɫֻ֮ɨҳۣĿ䵽еıνʱһ
½Էһ漴ѸٷӦĵӣ
һĵӣľڵӱ˲ʹˡ
˵ڡѾ㹻㶣ôĵӣǳϣ
û뵽ڵģĵӡ
ҳ΢ûзϡ
˼һ룬ֱѯ˵ĿģʼλʦܣǾڴ˴˵ĵӣںδϮ
ԣٴοߴҳӹԼԱϳԷʵ˷ǲܿľ
ݴͽҲ࣬ŵӡͷڵǺ䶯һʱ
˶۾ǡµλŵӣƻǸˡںͨˣֻ֪ǺŻͽ
ꡣ
ĬĬ˿ĭϵķɿ˸߳󾳽Ϊǰˣڡֹ
ҳ֪Եľ˿ҳעȫļӿлشǸַϡ
ڵĵطǾݳǲԶһһΪ޵ޡ
ϮһоڵǽҪɱ޵Ż;бϮ
ֻҳû뵽ǣȻڲݳǸӲС

ʵȷеķλҳԼ˹֣л
˵գתߣȻ뿪ǰһ룬ҳٿȻֹ
ڵӿҪȥֻλ½ʦҪûţҪ·ȴּԷͣ¡
½ʦ֣֮飬ɻǰתΡ
ҳͬһ̶ۣӽȡһƿҩ˳ȥ
ӹɻͷеıɫСƿؾ;һ졣
ҳƳƳеƿ͵ˡҽƵĵҩǼλϵĶģҵȴǶ¡
䣬νէȻҳת̤ϷɽһԶȥ
ͽһھڵ
Ϊ׵Ķֻƿ΢΢Ų˭ûϵȥһ˰һ񡢾޹۷ŵ;Уôջ
죡ڿ죡ЩϲһʱЩ״ΣʦоˣǸϽš֪

ҳµҩ˴ȷʩЩڵĹγ̶ȣϴϡ͹ģʶֻ̱֮ûмڹ֮¡
ҳǼڵӵУѿֽЩһġ
ƵҩΪסһ
Ҳȷʵõȵ˵
ʱҪģֻҪԴͷϣı㲻Ϊǡ

ҳݳǸĺͬʱ
ڣǰμӴľյŷļš
λ뷢԰׵ľţڿԵɲǣûסݺᡣ
úúã
һã˵뵽ʲôѸ쳽ȥ»úúøлĵӡ

ͬʱڤ
ħڤ뿪;һΡڼšüͷ
Ĵ֮ԻôΪĲֻǹŹһ¡Ҫģħʵĵ
ڤ۵ɤ𣬡Σ
ڼ˳ڤ۲ڡȥˡ
ʵһ㣬֪ͬҳڴˣŻ뿪ڤ硣
Ϊλᾶֱȥ磬ڼ㲻ö֪ˣ֪ǣҳֽ磬ûͬڤһ
뵽ڼеס޲Ͼǰ硣
һߡ
øϵһоڵᵽĺҳرżһϵͳʾ
ڼٵϢ


176 
شüĿбķ򣬡ȷûд
˵գ΢תһϮ¡ĸߴӣһ˫ͫİͬŵɤ³һ䣬û
ӣûлɡ
˵Ҳɣص粻ٿȻۻڤ磬ǰڤ;Сٶͬħϡ
ڤδҵҪҵˣ漴Խ֮ᵽĶ
Щħ壬ϴΪ׽ɷȥģһֱûгأʶŻὫ˴һӦȫ㱨
һңᣬ֮ǰϦͻȻ뿪ϢһһԽ
ҲǡǴڤ޹ļ϶
ȻܷŹκһйС£˲ŻͬԽһ
ȷϣת˲磬һ룬㻯һݹ⳯ȥ
Խɨһ۷ȥķ΢Ҳȥǰķǳڡ

Դв֪ҳ˿ϵͳ򿪣Ϸ¼ɨš
ڼͬڣ˵ĽȸĽҲ¶Щʱ϶ˡ100
֪УΨĽݻĽдһϵ͵ķΧҳԴд㡣
б֮Ѳһ˲ɨϷ˺Ϸܽ
ܽʾ75
ҳӰΣĬĬϵͳرգ̶ʼ
ǰǼڵԵ⴦λں˵һƬï֣࣬ںչⱻʢ֦Ҷڵʵʵ͸һ˿ɫ
ҳ˿⣬ԶԶ濴ֻۣƼһƬɫ
֮ɢ¿ӵܱ¶ȶ͡
֪ڤۺʱҳ˼һ˲ͽȥһⲻԶĺϣҲ¡

ڡ
Ž쳽һڱ˵⣬Ϸ±ʩ¹εĵǳǰһ;СӺּأۿǾҪˡ
ͽЯһʦǰ¡޹Ի·ĵӣ赤ҩƣֻȽʱҽҽΡ˴λҪл
Եĸмֱֱֿȴ˵仰ʱٿȻϡ
˵ʲôɤûסס˾ŵĺ󻰡

ر˻ͷһʱûܷӦ
ֻʵ˵ںδ
ԣʱʵ档
µһ˲ԭ߾׵Ȼ׵ڿлһȡ
Ҫߣ׹æǰڽ뿪ǰʵҪȥģ
ϾҪʼڴ˿ȥ
Ų⿴ǰͦվӰ
ĬĬ
ʱҲӸķ
մ׼Щʱգۣ·ͻȻ̲ݻþӦô
в²⣬ѡһλԸǰ磬ҽˡ
˵ݶ̫ߣ֮ףȴǲеġ̫ǲɣδԵ̫⡣
ˣȻʧ
ˣѡδҪĿġ
ҲƱزڴʱ뿪¾Ųʧݡ
ڽһˣŰټвٱϵĹûһ˶Դиġ
ôһҲȥ
˼ˣü΢£ʶ쳽壬ܹǰˣĬĬſڣǸ
***
ǾҲûϵͻȻżλ߸ϣλ綥˵𣬴˿̾Ȼһ
Ǹ
ŲЩɣԼǲˡ
Ȼδȥһ˲Էӵ˴δһλһ
Ż£ǰӰһɢС
ŴŽ뿪ķ
뿪ڵķǡ
ɽ⣬ճڣ漴ӭһķԽ
ʡħ𡣡ɫһ
ЦɤɢţС硣
˵ţһ۳ڣ˿̼æ뿪ڣɼڴˡ
Խµħ崫ϢӦǽգ㾹ǿڴʱ뿪ڵĽ
ʼϢһ㣬ǰϦ뿪ڡ
Уٶȳ롣
֪𡭡Ѵзٵķ㴽΢΢˹üԸ·
ϣƳһһȴһﲻԽ
Ŀһ£ݵĴͬҲδɡ
нҵġº顣
˿ˣĬ

ᣬڤ
ڼʺħѾ硣
һ˵ڼһ߹ڤɫ
ֻҪڤɿڣʱ硣
Ȼڤ۲δڣڼ²ڤ룬ֻܽĬȥֻɫҲԵš
ǽκһСѴߣ뽫˴ˡ
һߣһħһǺǵġ
οһ
ڼ֪УΨһһܹ˿⡢ռϷģڤĪ
Сѱڤ۱£ôһֱڤ
ʶڼһѡУõĴǣҳڤһ̶ڤ硣
ţڼ˵ȴռ֮ͽȻĳ
ת۶˾͵mǣҲǹŹش󿪵mġ
Źأڼûټ
ŹزǴ˿Ҫġ
ֻǽ䵽Ź֮ʱڼǵɫӰƳȥһۣĪֻﲻͬ
ڤԾǸڤۣͶ䣬¡֮ʢڼϤڤۡ
Ψһͬǡ
ڼȥ˲ͬ
֮ڤڤ֮ͨڤĶƺҪࡣ
Īģڼпһ˿
֮ΪСĸоƺκһζҪѸ١

ðڤ۾Ȼڤ硣
֪ŹعرյϢǰſҳھµϮ֮ص;У㲻Ц
Խǲħ̽Ϣһϣȡ˲پ飬뿪ڤʱ˸ۡ
ڤĶҲ֪һ
ĴζΪڤ۰£˿̶Էǲ磬ôʱǸոպá
һӿ˶
ŷٶȼӿ죬Ҳͬ˲£һֱ˺ͣ¡

ҳȥһ˺ӵԵֻޣȡ޺˺󣬾뿪˴˴
׼ȥȴֻҪڤһʱӲ
һΣƱزܷΪˡ
ҳصƬʱϵƼӦóڴ˵Ӱʱɫһ͡
ҳǰһ
ȴ֪Ϣˣڴ˿ͬʱת
ջڻɽ֮ǰǷںǣת˲֪ǵϤϢ˸ϲ¶һЦͬҳĴĿϡ
С䡣Ȼ
˿ǰѭѭ˵汾ʻɡ
˵꣬أԲһ䣬һȺСǶˡ
ҳٿػعɫɶ


177 
˵Ա¶ҳĲµģһڡڵʦֵǣԼħһȺºڤڲ
Ϊ⼸ݺܹ£˿էȻżԣҳвⱻ֡
ǲתɫü΢¶һ˿óѵζ
ȻС㡣
ȡ
ڼһ㣬ʤ׷ǰձȥһ˺롣
ҳ㡣
㲻ļѯʱʣʱ顯
˵䣬˿ɢɤڣѵõ࣬硯ֱѹΪͳһһӴݼ૶
ⷬҳһ
ĬãƷӦҳٿȻ̧ۡ
˽⣬ȺСڱǰǾƲεģᡭ
ţһɤȻС
һġһ˲ҳͬĿϡ
Լϵת˲Ų㲻ڣȻ˵ǰһų躮

ҳû뵽ʱֵطͬҿӲ
ΪִڽԼأҳδ롣
ϴαϵͳǳͷ󣬹ϵͳἰġߡѱҳԺ󣬲Ըȥ
ǽ㣬ԽڤۣҳǣǴתѪˣֱڡ
ҳ΢˳Ӽɨٿʱ롣
ʱ£ҳһһħˡ
һ䣬ͬһ
üͷššԽûٳ
Щʧ
ǰˣǡ½ģȴӡеСͽȥԶ
ݾ꣬ͦΣĹģ
ȴֲ
ע⵽ߣҳɨһƬǳӰԸȥ
˭Ҳܴıһ˿״
һʱ䣬Խ֣˭ûȿڡ
ջǷȵСΪλ磿
˵գƳһ۽
***
УٴʩԹңܹΡ޸˵ģǹҽĪ
ҳǡó磬ѽЩ롣
룬СǷΪ
ܵͶݹߣ΢ֱֱ̧䵽ҳϡ
ڵһ𸴡
ˣȻֻʳ⻰
ˣָҪôˡԽезơ
֪룬˿ҳĿ⣬˶١
Ϊ
ʱ򣬴ҳһص֣㶨ҪƣʱżǰΪǽıԶ׼ıá
ҳ˵ʵ
پ¶ԣڴˣҲȫȻΪ
ٿᵽҳҲʲôͻȻ˽
ûǴ
ĿʼΪνڴˡ
Ŀ⣬üĿºͬӡ
ҳʦ
״ҳ΢лҪʡ
ΪʲôʱڳڲμӴᣬȻ
ĩˣһ仰Ǳҳѹ˻ȥûʳڡ

½Ӧĵӣ确䡯ǸСŻȥˡ躮ӦħҵĻ
롯ڤǸҽεĹҽ
ҳ
롮½޹ء롮䡯޹أ롮躮޹أ롮롯޹ء
ֻҳһͰˡ
ǰϵͳһϲ
ҳлĶ
ʼգҳǵԼ˭
һ̶ǡ
ȻǡڴʱһֱδڵԽؿڣʲô
ӷҳĻ䣬ڳ˶Է˼Ҫ֮ǰݻֽˣʶԽдһʡ
ҳ΢ƣӳϣ̳ʳһůڵĹΣʱ۽ҳŴ
˵˲䣬ݿʼ仯ǰǰ㡢Կ⵽ֵĻ֮
ӾģüĿĮϢ͸˿˿ݽӽòͬʱ£ҳ
ҳ
׸૳һ䣬
Խԣͬס
ΨнһʱĬ

ҳ֣ԽԲİ
ӳ޵ò֮ʱӴ
һӣɵĳ
ʱûͽ֮ģûж˵ֻԼͽͷĪҪ˰ǡ
á

Ǵι󣬽ٴε֪ϵϢ䱻ŵϢ
ڣܸоͽ
ΪصŵԣʵʦԪѹ콭ѭȥѰ
ҵһϢġ½
ֻǲ롣
ҵģҲǡҳϴƣͬˡ
Ȼһ㱡
һ
ô֮ͽϴҳԼ񵽵ġΪ½ҳ
˼ˣɻ𣬵ڰС
Ӿʦһ֪ǽȡ
ΪҳȴֻΪ½֪һ岢ǡ
ãѾ͸ԼСͽˡ
һʼʦͽ֮ڸҡ
ʹü㵱ҳӺ֪ͽ̣ҲʼնδйذµһС

ʦͽ࣬ҳͬĽӴ࣬ʦ仯ΪС
֪˵Լʱ뵽һ£Ҳõ֤ʵȷʵӦ뵽˰µ顣
йش顢ϵͳһнأҳζ֪˵ġ
һҳĹϵͬԽ͡ϡӾʦ֪ʵһЩ飬ҳȴȫȻ֪Է
һʼԷҪΪͽԼȻӦһ㣬ԭ򾿾ΪΣ˭Ҳ˵塣һйΪԭ㣬õĽ֡
ҳջͬ˵Ķӡ
뽫˴ҳĴҲǰһ޶
뵽⣬Ҳϰ㣬ٶ˸ղŵĻ⣬Ļش𣿡
ҳԸԸˣŽнԽȻϡֻøһ顣
ҳ΢΢һ˲ػȻڵɲǣֻһůӿˢ壬֫ٺ·һ̱һһɨ
ҳһʱû
ͬʱһ͵͵Ц
۵ˣ汾ߡ
ǳɤռ䲨ͽȻӰӱ˺ѵĿռֶ
ҳϤɤϻػתͷ࿴ȥ
Ȼ֮䣬һ˫ɫǳϣţתһƬ谵Ұɫ¡

ҳֻ𣬷㡢ԽƺȻڡ
漴һ˵ð
͵ǳǳ˵һ̾йЮŨŨΣƻмֳζ
ԣҳļ˲һ̽Իڤۣ
ڰ֮Уҳֻǵɤʴ룬˿˿˽Īһɵ˳ż»ȥ
ҳ˽
һش𣬡š
ħ㣬żҳͽȻ㰲żԼЩĲԡ


178 
ش󣬶һ̾Ϣ룬ҳŷӦոڤ֮ԡ

ҳһ룬ü΢΢һ
ü˲䣬ڤ۵ǳɤٶʣӦˣ
ἫǳһҳԾѭԴȥҰһƬڰҲͲٶ࿴Թ˹
˵ţҳЦЦûκβζЦ·ֻΪЦôűôˡ
ĻҲδЦͣЪֻҳڤ۵ȸһ𣿡
Ǹ˿㣬ЩģٽŽȥ
ҳȻͱԼһ뷨Ц
ĺЦһ˲ǰйҳգգۣǻеĹҲһһ㣬ΪӦһ㣬ŷΧ
ҳۣŹǰľҲһ۵ס
ҳȿģǵǿ⼸ҪΪһӰ
ǡ桮ֻδڣҳڤЦЦٿȻײһ

ҳͣ˻ͷתʵŹǱߡ
ȻˣڤʱشδǾҲһ˻ظ֮ͷ
֮ͷҳظ
һƬͷȥ··ǲһƬ֮ϣҳ΢Щ
δ˵ʲô֮ͷ½ûйش˵صĴţҳǲ֪ڻ½ɾء
һƬͷεգ̤Ʋʣ΢棬Ҳǰδе¡
ҳһ£
˷ѵõľ׷Χüõ飬ɢĽǷɵϢܸȾˡ
ڤ۶һŵӰţþöδ
õҳΪֻһˡ
κŻۣĿ⾫׼ڤϣ򴽣лл
Ѿ֪ǵڼΣڤΧ
£ҳȷǻΪһ仰ͷء
ֻһˣӦκһҳҲܱ֤ǻ᲻Ϊѡͬڤʱ֡
κһֽҳѡġ
ȻѾ⼸룬ܽҲһֱڻţһջ٣ҳаա
ϵͳᵽꡢҲӵʱѾٲ֣һҲֻʱ⡣
УһҳΪ⡪ڤۡ
ҳסϵͳ棬ڤ۵Ľ˻
ֻʾڤ۵Ľ룬һ6.5Ŀ

ҳرϵͳʱ򣬲ĿһɨڤۻԣǷأԳ
˼ˣҳӱǼ⣬δע⵽˿ڤһŵɫ
Ϊ˱Σҳ˳ոڵĵطֹ
˵ţҳڤۣڤۿа취ҵ
ڤۻźϼ䣬ظһĻ񡣡
ҳͷ
ǴӦûµϢѭܽҵ
ҳʣڤȷʵа취
ǲǰǲŴǵسеʱһڳķˣҳȷڹȥû뿪
ʱһҪҵҲˡ
ҳ룬͸˵˳Ժٻȥ᲻󣿡
ް
ԣҳԷġ
ֹգڣ𣿡
ʱѹȥôãӦǿǰˡ
ڤ۲ÿɷ
ȥִһƬʱ˹ȻѾȥ
***
һߡ
ڤۺȻ˲չռ֮֮½˴ߡ
ûų֮Ƭַٻ٣ղƽȴһһޱ̱һβ״̬
ٲȻڳУֻΪƽ
ֻͬģ
ҪߣһһشĻ
˿ڤһգ۾Ͱ˴ˣҲ˭żģ㱻Цˡ
Լ˵꣬˶ûҪػ˼һ˦뿪˴˴
ǰϯԲͼԭ¡
˵Ƕǿߴڵ˵ʵù

ҲΪˡ
ҳʱڤҪ̽ټʱ޹
֪һ㣬ҳɻ󣬡֮ǰǻ˵ԣ
⻰ڤ΢ü
ҳֵǲǵ̫ãʱ̫
ŵϢȻȥˡ
ƺǱĲ²ⶺЦڤ۴
꣬ҳȥڤ۵˵زϢ
ҳһ֪ڵӦǲƭΨһĿܾǣ񵽴˵ʱ̫ãϢɢˡ
ȥٿؾڤ۽˵ԲڣǷϢ
ԣҳһ͡

ҳԷ˽⣬ʱͻȻڤ۴ߺ󣬷˲СƢɡ
˵ҳĲ²Ⲣʮ׼ȷҲ޼
ܵ˵ⷽԲϢ֤
ҳҲڤ۵仰֪һ£˴ȷʵǷϢ
֮δͷųڷһ֮ü١
ڷ뿪ǰ˵ؾһĥ
ҳһɨֻһƬ߸ŵïַƶԵ˲١
Ҳټֻ޹

ͬһʱ䣬Ҳһ˽ѡһǰڤ硢ΪҽǰαٴʩԹεˡ
Ľεļȡ֮£Ľݼǰڤ硣
һȺסĴᣬĵửһԲš
䲻֪ڴ֮ǰȥģڴǰǵˣֻǴ»ǶЩӰ죬ҲɺԲơ
ҳŴʱѾһպ
ĽݼǰڤҽҳηɢˣżĽݻȥڤʱе졣
Ľݻ
ǰ˵ǴϣĽݼҪġɢ޼˵š

֮йڹҵϢֶߣ̬ķߣǱܺõȶ
ɢ˵ߣǰһǳأӦǴڳЪ
ҳԭĿɢ뿪ǰͬԷ˾л
ȻյĽҲˣĽݻǰڤ磬ţԺһ
Ҫȥڤ硣ڤɤƻż˿Ц⣬ǲµҳ뷨㣬ǰͽ뷨˳
ҳתͷĿԣڤ˫ɫǳ˶٣ͻȻת˻⣬ڤǻ𣿡

硢˵ⱾвδСļأƾҳ֮Ե˼Ҳ⡣
ڤ΢䣬ȻһĨЦݣ֮ܽ˳УֻβҲΪЦ滺ûС
ҳžҪ˵Ȼڤ۵Ļδ꣬ڣż˵ֻܶ㡣
ʲô˲õĶҳȻ;һ죬߷Ǿ䡮ֻܶ㡯·ԺСһѭŵļ
һ䡮ֻܶ㡯ҳڻطš
ٶȻعʱڤ۵һ䣬Ҫȥ
ǰһ뻹΢ЩӣһͽȻ
ҳһء֣ʶ˳ŶԷĻţ»شһ䣬ء


179 
˵ҳڤһͨռѷ졢գ۱ܵڤ硣
Ľݻ˵ȴǲܡ
Ӵͣǰڤ磬Ҳһʱ̱
ʶҳͬڤ۷ڤʱաŵȵǰĽݻ
Ϊǰ֪ҪˣشһڤǴĹ޵ȺǣĽݻһ㽫֮ڤ

ǰĽݻŹҽҩ®Ǵڤϵİ۪ڣ˭֪Ĥ˵ȺŵĹޡ
ڤ򣿡Ľݻü΢΢
ڤڤ֮ڤ۵ڣһ֪ġ
ҽǡ
˼ϴһУǰȥѰҹҽ֮ʱҲڹҽסеڤۣĽݻ˼Լ̫ࡣ
ҽڤˣڤ۵ˣڤ򲢷ʲôϡ֮¡
գĽݻģˣ漴һǰڤ
һģмڵӣ쳽ģΪλǡ
ĽݻҲ
׿Ҫ󡪡⼸ӡ

ָµ⼸ӣĽݻϤ
ǡ½ʦǡ
⻹Ǽ״ڤ磬Ҳζû뵽еľ
ͬһ⼸ҲеΪҪǹ
ĩˣǼȰڳʦֵļӣҲ̿࣬ǰΪԼ˵ʦ֡
ǶǴǰģͷ̧Ҫ档˵
⻰һһ쳽ȫͦء
½˵꣬źۼһף̶˸Ľݻ
˴µĻĽݼֻǲԱĵģ쳽ڵ롣
һ·쳽Ӿ㶼ľߴڷ緶ԱĽݻ۵ףһһֱڤδʲô״
޽ڤͣˣλ롣
ֹҪߣĽݻһ١
ǹǸģ״æڤʮЩǲ̤ġ
ǲʣڤйޡڤ۶ȻľηǿеġҲǹǴڤ۰ֲ׽Ӵԭ
Ī˵ЩͨޣҲΪõӣڤʱִӹﶼ͸ĳΡ
ʮ⣬бܹϴĹڤг䵱Ůݣûˡ
ȻЩҲֻ޼ٲ֡
޵ĽͣĽݻͷ͵л
***
޽Ľݻһдڤĵһʱ䡢㱻ĳصڤ۸֪
ˡ
ҳڤƳƳ
ŮĽݻѾڤʱ͹ˡ
ֻĽݻִڤҪģӦǰݻڤۡ
ҳһ۱׼ջĿ⳯ĳȥ˭֪һ۱ס
ڤŵĵطһӦһ˿ģɽȴǱһɫĻš
ϸȥδһ˿춯
Ǳһ˲ҳɲ²⣬ǺڲŵġӦ
ȸϰԣǲԹԴУҲһˣûκ춯Ҳޡ
ڲŵĲǽ˿ȥģҳ벻
Ʋߣڤҳӹ
˵Ŀ⽻㣬ҳ΢ʣֻ˿ȸأ
⻰һ˲䣬ҳֻڤۿԼЩ΢仯ȻһҪϸʱѻָ·Ĵһ㡣
ʵ֤Ӧֻۣڤɫ糣΢֪
ϤĿǣһҳ̧ü˵ĿⲢδĿԡ
ҳ£ԥ˵ǡ롯

̼ǵϴζ۷ڤʱʱãֻǰ˼θŽҳʶ˳ŶԷĻȥ
˼Ժת˼أڤ۵üѹѹŶŵˣٿȻ̧ڡ
ƺֻҪ֮˵һ䡮롯ʱὫǺڲҿ¶С
վ͸żַ죬ڿһӿȾһĳأ֮˴ĵ׷á
ҳ˵𰸣ĳŮĳڵļž
ֻŮڤۣѴ
ҳת˲عĳ⡣
Ľݻˡ

Ľݻһڤ󣬱ŮȥһȺ漴Ůﳤȥ
ĵУûһ˿ʻ
м쳽ӱŸ첲˴꣬ͼɢҪĺ⣬ڤ磬͸
ʿ֮ЩֲסǺ
һڤǾ͸ܵˣֻڤǸ
ǵӣ̧Ϊ˼ǰЩȻᵤܹһ
ʦ֣˵ĵ۾ɴ󣬾Ҫ㿪Ǹмһ˿ǡ
֣û¡
һڡһ𵤳ڣǲܱȵġ
ԣǵҲƴǣлʦ֡
ʵ㺮ǶԲֻѰˡ
ֺ󣬿Լģ½ʦھͺˣ¯࣬ǾͲðˡ

˼壬԰תΪ棬߿ɻΣȻı¶ȡ
ͨһģָֻ棬򵥵ůЧö
ֻݵ¶ֻһ˲ôޣԲŻ뵽½
Ȼᵽ½ʦ֡ĽݻѴЩ쳽ӿ֮ԣǶλ½ʦ֡ϲ
Ľݻһʣ˵λ½ʦ֡½
ʣͷĽݻȥ˼
໥ۣ˵ȥ
С½ڵʱйϵⶼԷ̣ʱЧҲߡ˵½ʦֵĺֱ䡣
ĽݻҲһһ꣬żͷӦ͡
˴ֻһˣ쳽ڵҲ·ĽݻϤˣһʱ˵𡢾Щͣ
ҳʱǡþһΪġ½ʦ֡
ĻûȥӰٿؽԭء
ֱഫһô
ҳѵתͷü΢£û
Ϊ˼ǲǻþ
һ룬һ½ʦ֡ʱҳ״
˴ˣĽݻӦҲˡ
治ݵ֡ǲֹһˣˡ
ȥڤ۸ֵһ䡣
˵䣬ƺ˼
ٲȻ뵽ҳļĹŵһݡ
ҳԣס΢΢˴
ͬڴ˶һ㣬һҲŲ

ҳδгһ볯쳽һʦֵҪ⸱ò
뵽ҳǿͽȻɡ
ǰǹҽ
ҳǵã쳽֮Խǰһ£Ǳǽ鰲ԪĹ̸ǡ
ս⡢ϰĳĿա
һз̫죬Ӧġģ㶼Զȥ
ҳһ
ôˣ
ʱͷǺرһֻƸ΢ѹ£Űĵ
ҳ̧ۿȥͼһɫһΡ
ڤ۵䡣
ͻʧƣ·𻹱һ˿¶ȣͷĴл֮ȥ
ҳͷƱëɨһ˲ƽ޲ĺͶһȦ
ΪѾջص˫֣ͻȻ˺󱳣ģǹ㣬ȥ
ҳ۽޶¡
һ𡣡


180 
󱳵ŵŶԽӿһ䡮һ𡯣ŻƱԭص˫ŷ·ֹ˶
Ĭһ˲ҳƤͬڤ۵ԣ峺ӳ֮˵ģ
̧䣬ֻһͲŵлл

Яں󣬵˲һƬ
ŵ˵Ȼֹ
ڤۡΨĽݻȷӦ漴Ǽˣһһڤۼ
ĽݻڤһĹҽͬ˵⡣
˴ٴңһ䱾ʩ֮ΪŨأڵӽԱкĽݻ˵üͷšٵȥ֮ǡ
ʱѵʱ̫࣬Ľݻûϵģڡ
Ľݻ˵ȥǰȻŻȥԣбʩԹεĸڵֽȫ˳ڡ
һʱҳҪǰΣֱֻȥڼɣرڸ֮ˡ

Ľݻ˷ȷʵǸȫĺð취
ܹùҽڱܹЩεĸڵˮ֮С
Ȼҳ˵ڸ⡣
˴εĸڵӲν࣬Ľݻԣôʱҽմڳڡ
˼ˣҳһʱ֪λظ
ĽݻϺ㿪ʼĬĬȴĿһֱڹҽϡ
쳽ͬ۹۱ǱǹģǶλҽ˻Щӡ˽ΪһλദĴˣԸƽͣøС
ݱ¶ֻڸ롯ҲȷΪ
֪ǿԼߣҳƬ̣Ҫػ
Ȼڵǰһ룬ںȻһ䣬ǰ磬֪ɷ񡣡
ᵭһ仰ʣͬ´֪ͨһ㡣
Ľݻƫͷ֮˿ȥ
ڤҪܾͬĻȻ˵ģҶԷΪҪǰ硢ǰȥЩҲȫȻ޹ء
ĽݻԣȻ޿޲ɡ
²²һ£Ϊˣһ֮ǣڤҪȥԽ֮֮ԷҲδ֪
ȻĽݻĲһǣҳƺڤ⻰˼ǶٿըһףȻ졣
ǲܿƵģһһתͷ߼Ϊ䵽ڤǱߡ
ΪҪȥһ

ҳͻȻͲٿ߻δ䵽ʵ͵ؽͷƲһߣȥĿ⡣
û´߶һɲǱػһ˫
ء
ǹĵһȻ࿪ʼɵǻ·𱻼һޱһζˮݣջըˮɽ
ҳûĸеһ飬ڿµ˳ָһֵֻ̽ȥĩ˴Լ
һ糣
û

ԹԵĸԼ̽һҳΪźۼСİַŻأ³Ľݻȥ
ڤ֮Աֵúǻӭ
ڤǰ磬ΪɡĽݻ˵˼ԱάĻٶҳ֪ҽΣ
ԣҳͷ
Ĳ˵İҲȷʵΪǣȻ÷ǵӡҳΪЩεĸڵҽΡһҳļƻ֮ˣֺܾĵ
꣬ȥһ±ôˡ
·ͻȻĽݻ֪˫һƱҪʱ䣬ֿߡ
ڤȴŹҽǰȥ
***
ڵӵĲ󲻵ã˴ʩµĹμпҪǵһ㣬ҳûж˵ʲô
ڤʹÿռ֮һٽȫߣȻҪĲ٣Դˣǲδᡣ
ֻʱˣǸҵͬʦֵǣҳлΪģǰǵ·СģʱĪ֮
ⷬУһ쳽ӽס㶡
л֮ⶼϤǳֻǼĳҪ˲Ż˵㡣
ҳֻ˵䣬ڤһ뿪ڤ
ںĽݻ쳽ڵԶԶ׹ں档
ߺƺرʧ񣬲һˡһھ䣬ĽݻĪ
ʲô
Ƣº֮ͣΪҼȴ˿ӣ쳽һжʮѺáʻ󣬼̾͵ҽ˷һ½ʦ֡
ֻ½ʦֲŻǣһнΪǵİȫ롣
ΪոջͬĽݻԡ½ʦ֡йһӽʶҲ죬˵׷׸ŵͷ͡
½Ľݻ
һ˵ķӦ˻ܹһΪô˶
롮½֪ѣҽжĽݻԴ˲һ˼㽫´й˵󻹲һ䣬ҽҽģ˵ĻǼסǡ

ҳ֪Լֻ˳һ˵пת˲
һǰڤľһ硭ڡ
ҳͬڤվڳڻɽ⣬þδһ£Ҳδ˴ߴ١
ǰڤ۵˼л
ǽȥɡҳݵ󣬿˵
ʵ˵𣬳ɽ¡ڴ˵ˡ
һ֪ɽİϢгڵӭ˳
쳽ĵӣЩڵҲӦǱ쳽ڡ
Ҳҳ롣
Ǻɽǰĵӭǰ쳽塣
ΪڤڡҲ쳽ھסһʱ䣬ʶڤۡ
˵ʱЩĿİҳһһӦˣǰͷ·
ڤһδ
ʱҳƫͷۣǡ˵߶˸ţȴڤüɨѯʡ
ҳƲƲ漴һЦӵ˶
ǵĿȻͣԼϣ뵽Էһ˲˲עԼҳڵպ졣
ʶģǰ쳽̶Ӭһ䣺ˡ

˵⻰ʱ֮˵Ļѹúܵͣβͬòᣬ͵ɨ㡣
޶˵͸Źͣڿ
һЦ
ҳĺοʼһһ㣬мɢļơ
ͬʱ۷ŵ쳽˵˶ٶδаӦ֮ˡԽɤ֮Ӧš
ҳһһˡ
ڻظǰһ䣬Ρ
⻰˵꣬ҳȻٸеп䵽Լϡ
Է˵
ҳǱСһ£ƲỮһ˲ٴΪԼһͷ

һֱ쳽ǰҳ⴫ݳȶȶû˿µ˼
ŵʱǹĸоַӿҳ߼ٶȲ죬˲ܹһ㡣
ǰ·ĵͬʱͣ£Զ˵롣
˵ҲƵˣڴ˶룬һ·һСļ尾
ʲôߵĵԼҲֻ֪죬ࡣ
쳽⣬ֻʣˡ
ҳѸȥıӰȻе˿뽫ĳ嶯뵽Ͳ˶
ҳ̧ͳȥЦԡ


181 
УȥӦڵĽгλ
ҳһȥ㿴ڽһԪ߶ӡʮֲҳͬס
ԼĪĽݻǱ볯ڴţ֪ڤҪʶŻڳ
ٿȻ밲
ΪӦڴʱʾһ˷˿ԣϪԿһۣǲ䳯ŵĽƳȥ
ӹԪʱü£һ֣ڶ¹Źֵղ
Ϊһ֮Ǳ̳ʦ֣Ԫࡢһ˿Ҳܵȥ
ԪһĬĽͶȥһѸתأһɤӵڤǰǷΪ񣿡
ϲĨǣԪһڱֱ⡣
˵պ󣬻Կ̾˿Ԫʻ̶ڤҽͬʱи̣ôˡ
ͬ뷨ģϪ
ǲԼͬĶһ˲Ƿ˶ߡ
ֻ֮˵Ŀ֮ƺڵŵһϣûаŲļ

ҳ֪ϴһ𣬽Լʶʱɫδ¶ʲô쳣
֮񲻹ŹҽݡǰΪŵӿˣҳȥ
ְ֮һ˲
ĩˣҳȴƴ˿΢ԵмεķΧ˴˴εϡ
֪ЩʩԹεĵӶģҳɤ˵ʱָǸȻԶĹҽԸ񣬴Ҳһ˿ǳǳĻȣǷ㣬ھͿԹȥΪҽΡ
ⷬһ»ε̫ǿҹĪ⣬ҽ粻˳١
ԪҪŽӹҳĻȻ˵ǰһ˲˳˳ҳĻ˵ȥ
á
ҳ˵Ľ΢
һͬͶ򽭽ģǵбʱעԿϪԪЩ졣
ŻԸڣȴֻӦ
ǰЩҲ֪ʲôħȻڴǰϦƵƵڣᵱնӰ
ԪԽԽòԣ¶ڽ˷Ѱ̬ת䶼
һؼˣǷ仯ò˶롣
ĴңԿٶϪһղ
ǳҲҪһ˽µĻˡ
ֻνһӦá
ǵðλ顢紫ŵĵһ˵쳣Ū
***
ʦֵ֮ڣ䵭һˣԿҪΪ޵ˡ
ԷƳԪʦֵĶ¡´þˣҲǵʦǰԸ㡣
ڴ֮ΨһıĵطڽͽǸΪŵӵ֮
λ۰ѩ𣬱绻˸ˣů
龰ԪҲԸ
ߴٽͽ뿴κ¶ĵʦܹһЩ仯
ʵϣǵóԸˡ
Ȼ仯̫󣬵ʦ˶Щš
⻹ǵʦ/ʦ
һжõķ淢չ
ֻһΣȷǲ֪Էα仯
˼ˣԪԿϪ򽭽ʱĿ⣬Դ˵ӵζ
ƵƵڣֳ֮״
ٲȻ̫

ڼλѾƾ㶨˳ڲһ£ȴǲ֪
ҳĻشһ٣ӭ˶Էߡ
ţǾˡ
˵꣬ҳ
ⷬٶŵ㼱У׿ΪЩڵҽιһ£ǼŰ󡢾뿪ڡ
ҳĿⲻɰ˼ļ·ʲôϸĶһ£ʼۣǸһ
ͬһʱ䣬𾪺
ʦܣ

׸֪Եģ뽭ԪͻȻ֮ϢĶǲȣԪæһ
һ˵Ѹٿԣ̶ֱ̧Խ
һԵԿϪͬ¶ɫʦ֣
˵ţͬǰ
͵ϢڵͽȻӿ
״̫죬ýԿϪæ
ҳҲһӦΪһ绤֡
񱩵Сͽ⡣
ҳ̧ͷЩԴͬʱǳɤ˿˿¡
ԣҳƫͷ
ڤ˫ǳɫעڰҳŹᣬֵֻһ䣺¡
еΪƫһʱرֻ踨ѹ±ǡ
һ˵ӦãҲ޿ܳһܵϣȻȴڽ﷢ˡ
ԪӦʱʱ֮ѹģҪеϢϾһ˵ͷҲ˵ģֻܿԼߡ
ҩ︨
ͨ£ĸʿֱҩ
˵Ѱҩ֮ʶȻϴ跥ʿԣйˡ
ʿڵһ࣬ٻҩвõʡ
ȻҩҲֺûԽǼƷĵҩ̺Խ١
ûĹ˼ɡ
ǡõǣҳƵĵҩ׾Ӷࡣ

ڽʱҪõĵҩҳĽӿռþС
ԪȻӿռȡһСƿ
鵤֪
ҳһڣλʱͿ˹鵤ʱ˲ˡ
ԪҪ˵һ˲ߺȻӿһϣˡ
ԣԪʱתͷس֮ˡ
ȴſڵģѾĽ
ԿϪһ˲ѡտڲԡ
ͬʱЩɻ׵ҩ˵ǳڲûУɹҽҲһƬģûоܾĵһܾϡ
Ȼܵҳ˶١
΢תԪغֻЦ
һ仰ڤ˵ġ󽭽ͬԪʦ֡
ʦֵǧ࣬Ԫ˼漴֣صͷ
ܿ죬Ԫҳ쳽尲ŵĸڵסȥΪǾϵĹΡ
ҳͬԪֶڤ۵һȥͺá
ڤۿš
֪䣬ָ֮ǰദģʽԪĿ¶΢㵣ڤ˶ദ
Ҳû˼̫ãŶ˶ݵĶԻҳֿԪº񣬡롣
ԪͷԹҽʱҲǸõϹŰ壬Ͱ࣬ߡ
ҳ͵͵ġšһʵ쳽ò죬ֻ֪ô·ɡ

ҳһֱԪøֵӵĵط
ǰڤʱδѵİҪõ޸ĵҩƺá
ʶεܼ򵥣ڤʯȡǡ
ǰ֪һʩµĹȷʵɱˣϡ͹
ҳšüͷҵôһͣɫԾֲ֡
úȴһ֮ڴˣڵ
ҷԶԶ


182 
ڰס
һμڰסҳгʱڴ֮ûԷ
ҳⲢδйʣΪ֪
ֻҪڤڣڰסͬҲڡ
ô⣿ҳǰͬʱڰʵ
ǰڰ׻ǹʱһ
ǡñҳ
˵Ǿ仰˲䣬һи֣ڰǴӺζ
ڤҲڣ˻ͬʱ֡
ԽԽ˼飬ҳڰףͻȻ뵽ڤͬԷͬһˣⲻεķ
ŻԳ·һӱûȻҳڰʱ۵׵Цֹסӿţ
ڵһشҳڰ׿
Σڰ۽գգֻ㡣
ҳü
˵ˣȴڶɢһڤ۵Ŀǣҳ̧ɨؽӿڣʲô
ż䣬ڰͬͣһ㣬ٴζ񣬲
Ϊڰ׻ظʱ
ٿȻӿһ䣬ϲ

䡮ϲɲǼ䣬ҳﶼǿհ׵ġ
ڰҵǱڤ۶ȤʧĳӣֻǰԸ֮ڤǽȻ෴ʶŻдһʡ
ҳûϵǣڰ׾˵һ仰ȫûκη
㡢ҳ˶˵ʲô
ڰظһ飺ϲ
ٴ˵ҳݵһ˲Ѹȶĵǰз顢֮˼̱ɨƽΪʲôϲ
Ҳ˿̣ҳżǵ⻰ȷʵڰΪҪ
ʻȥ󣬹ȻĿڰײٳԣͬˡ
״ҳ˿
ոڰ˵ǻʱȻ֡ڤ۶ԻĴ

һߡ
ڤסµĵطϴǰ쳽ʱɷڵΪŵһΪľ쳽ԱɽΪϡ
Ⲣǵ֮˵أŨĵطƱػеʣ㰲á
ڤ۶ԣпްˣЩǰΪᡣ
˿ɽ䲻֪ʱӺεɽǴݵΪĹûС
˼ˣ֡
ҪǷڤ֮У׾Ϳϳ
ڤ۱Ȼڴˡ

һƬУӰʱʱ֣ΨһܿģһĨڡ
Բ״һСɫ֪Լ͸ϣԼĪǸӵ״Ƭɫǿ鲼
ʱɢȥϡ͸ڹ⾰
ںڲŵԣһӰ׵Ĺ䳤ɢչ¶ţָָǷ쳣
һ˲һֻɾ޳ָ⳯ڲ̽ȥ
ɫĳ񲼱ҿ˿¶˳һֻȸһǣСͷţϵëƶдį
ٿ˫ɫϲŵĺɫ˿ߣԿ
öЦźڲʱڵУβ
էȻü˿ȸƵ̧СԴڶţɣ˰졢ֻܹԭء
ֻɵȸȶãڤ΢΢ϣƬ̣
ȸ˵ȴǶо漴ͣȳĶڶѭ˹ȥ
̶ֻһ䣬´ٷˡ
˵в
ȫ֪ΪαɵĽ˿ȸٶʱ˫һչֱֱ䵽иǸ˿ϣ˿ͬʱҲ⿪Ƶڿռš
ڤɨһۣĿڵϣĪûǽ֮ϽΪʣһҲɲص١
ʱڤ۵ٿһ
ͣڽ˿ȸɫϵ΢һתĳ
ֻ˫һȥУɫ֡
ڤ۴һӺͷһ˳΢͹ĺܶһڴ
С˵ˡ
***
پڰΪͻأ˵ϲ֣ҳ˳ŵĵϵĹ󣬴ڰһȥ˼쳽ĵӡ
ҳһ˽йЩڵϵ˵ְƺõĵҩһ˹ȥ
ǿʲôһλӴŵӵҽ˰ЩǣǴ㡭
ǡҳ̹Ȼ
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ԪͻȻͱ͵Լе鵤شƿܸ֪ƿװŵģ鵤
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֪ԼҪͳⵤҩƱز򵥣ҳڿԥԪ±˰ա
鵤ãǸҲõ
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ҩ͵ұˡڸڵϵĹһʱѾ˵ҳ˿ᵽġߡҲ뿪ڵ˼
Ԫͷͣҳܡ
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ҳڰ׵ıӰԽӳһ׵ۡ
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ҳرͬԣĬʦ𡭡


183 
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ֱҳ̧΢˹ǰڰ׵½ǡӭײϡ
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״ҳݼǾ䡮ʦ𡯾ҪѿڣȻת˲Ӱʧԭء
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ŷƮģǰһȥ֮µһλ᲻쳽Ǽҡ
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Ʋ֮ڿڵǾ䱻ѹµĳƺ˵˳
ϧˣȻȥ

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ҡۣδ˵Ҳδӵй
ԭΪů˿̵̹Ǻ
ʦδҪǶҳļⷢŲΧһȦ쳽ڡ
ڣļҡ
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ڰգۣ޲ĻҳʱĪԵм޹ڷʡ
ҳ޶˴п֡⻰Ӧ˵˼ԷһĨʣǵĻҺ·ʲôҪԾȴĽӳ档
һ˲ҳ΢߰ɡ
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ĸоҳٿһֱֻ֣ĴǻиڰԼЯ뿪˳ڡ
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ȻôǱӦþʹ£仹δųҵĿܣҲ޲ɡ
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һʼһоóէãö֮Ŀҳԣǳ˼С
ѹһʯЩ
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ҳйƲ⣬ڤ۵ĽٳٲڰйҲ˵ЩȫֻĲ롢»档
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ԲԲСĲðɳɳˡ
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ͬǰڰͶιơҳڶ롣
һ˲ͼڤЦЦĶԼ֪룬ҳؾͺֱĸоͽȻĵ


184 
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˵գδȵԷػϣһ̽һСѴմŵһмȥܿһ顣
ͬʱڤ΢תҳӶԷԶʱģĪ֮дɢ׽˸Ⱦ
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Ȼʳá
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ʱͶȥĿ⣬ڤͬʱתͬĿԡ
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̵ͬһУʳϢѾҳİע⣬ֻ¶ȸߵЩʣϽ뿪
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185 
㣬ʱʱ⡣
㣬ݡ
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ٿȻֻһ䣬㡣
ĴǷʡ
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ҳƽ˰ڤ۷ſ꣬˼֮ľ롣
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֪ڤڵԼڣҳ򴽣׼˵ʱϵͳ
һԤʾҳ΢Ȼڤ۵Ľ˱仯ǷͬҲһֻһ˿
ڤڤ 1
ҳߵĻͻȻһתڤۣڤǺʱ
Ǿ䡮ϲҲ˵ڵġ
ҳϲĴ棬ڤٿس
ҳ˶٣ڤ۵ִԺ֣շת飬Żޡ
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ڤעӶץ˿۵ģһĨΪ
ҳͷ˵ȥңǡ
˵꣬ҪĻشһ𡣡
ҳļĶĵ׵Ĵ𰸡
ԻжԷĳŵأ
***
ڤۣعڤ֮
ҳ
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ڤʯԼŹء֮УҲܸ硣
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˵УԲϷԡ


186 
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ŵڶһһΪ֣أӽᶼڡ
ҳ㶣漴ʲôǵĻȼЦڤۡ
ֻ˵㲻
ڤЦǰĻشһûС
ͬһޡ
ֻܶ㡣
ʲô
еĲһ˶Ĺ۲΢
***
գҳڤһŲݳǶȥ
ڴ˵ǰڤһл
ĽݻҲû뵽һԼ졣
صĽҺ󲻾áҳڤһʱһϢȴ˳
ĽݻմڤͳڵһڷֿĽң׼дԼˣܼҸȴͻȻ˽
ҳĽݻ˵쳽Ǽʦܣ¼ҽͬʱĿת˺ߡ
֪ڴͣҪŲòǰ棬ֻƳҳʱ΢Щͣ١
ĽݻӸңֵ½ˣʲô£˵
ԣæͷһһʮϢ˵ؼ֮ǰɳˣ˵ҵ˵ټ
Ľݻ꣬΢ڣģ
ңƳǡ
ǽͣһƳǡ֣ҳ¾˲²⡣
Ľݻȥ񣬶ֵµڸƳҵ˶Էټ
ʵҲȷҳ²ҰϢ˵ȥ
Ƴǡ
ҳĿ뵽ġ
Խµħɷ䣬ǸƳǣҲΪ棬ֻһʱ䣬˭ûȥ

Ľݻȸ뿪žͬҳһ飬ĩ˵Ȼ˸ƳǣҵҲӦ㡣
ôţͨĴڣϢһ֪˻ǰƳǡȡ׼
ҳššü
δһԣĽݻѼ˵ȥܹôҵ˼Ҹ
ĽݲҳˣĽݻͬû˼ȫ̸֪
Ϊ½֪ġΪĽڵĶ
˵Ҹᡣ˵˴ĽݻйһŵŤ˭ʩˡ
ҳֽ֪ĽݲΣܹ鲻̫ùĽݻ䲻߱ɶಡ£һô˵ȥġ
ʹĽݻҹ£Ȼ򲻻ʹ׷ŹĽݻ֮梣Ľ塣
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ĽݻԣҲĽһ
ĽݲĽݻ֮䣬ӦǾֹһ£ҿĽݻԼξ
ҳԴûй̽˼ֻͬʱҲĽݻͬܡ
˷ζ
ίʵ̫ܡ

նݵĳŹĽݻָ̬ҳǸȻһЦټҵڱ㴫ųȥ
Էʵڹƶˣʵͬɲ⣬Ȼȥ轫Ϣųۼˡ
ӦǻѰټĽݻĽݲйףҲ֪Щ
ҳͣǲֹ
Ϣȥٲгڵһݡ
Ÿ뵽ĽݻѾ˵ʱˡ
ҲֻĴܲнµֶΣȫʩŵĹʵڹĪ⡣
ҳһ٣ӿڵʦΪʱʦҲӦ
ĽݻЦҲǣʱҲĿһ£һ˵ķˡ
֣ȷʵԵü
ҳÿɷ
һ̸ҳʱ࣬Ҫߡ
Ľݻʱʹ²ٴγҪߣٶһգ
ϴΪ³ûܺúдһǹڻ˿ĽݻȻϣ˶Щʱա
ҳʱ˵𻰾ߡ
ҲǶһ㣬ȻϢҳʱҽ뿪ʱһᣬȴǡó뿪Ľڡ
ҳݸһЦپۡ
ҳ̬ȼᶨĽݻ಻öЦͿͣǱԡ

ĽݻͶ˳ע⵽½Яλѣ֮֮ϴвͬ
һŵת˼أĿ¶˼ǿʲôЦ⸡֡
Уȴ;һ
ĽݻаЦ̵ø½¶ͬ˵
Էδڵ˼ĽݻҲͲٶ룬ֻΪѸеϲ
֪ѵã֪˸ѵá
ѵܹЯ֮ˣһ¡
ҳ֪Ľݻ˼Ѿˣ˵ϴͬڤǰĽʱĽݻȽˡ
н֮Լ
¶ԷͶעĿ̺ɫǱҳյ΢΢˲ĿĽݻͷ
ֱеĽҸǰҳֹƫĽݻˡ
ĽݻףԭĿͶ뿪
̨߳ԶҳתȻͼĽݻԭأ΢ٿ̧ͬԷ˻ӣ˾䡮ټ

ٴ뿪ݳǡ
ҳڤһСϣûֱӶǿռ֮ȥȥĵط
һᣬҳͻȻ֪ˡ
ڤӦš
˵ԷҲ֪ԼĻ֮⡣
ҳЦЦȥסͣ¿ʱһ䡣
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ڤٿͣ¶δ
ҳһͣҪͷȥһ˲㱻˹ȥ
ֻһͳɤϣҲǡ


187 
˵գڤ۵ҳһ
Ȼᣬ֮ǰζ㲻ʲôҳǸеһĳֲʲôζֻ
һΣ߶Ρ
ʶԼ뷨ҳڤЩЦ
Цʲôеáһ˿¶ıڤ۾۵ס
ҳЦһ˫͸Ӵ˿̸ˡ
ڤ۳ؿһۡ
ҳǣ𴽽ǣûжˣڤҪ֪롭
ţǰٿһڤ۵Ӱ̧ǰ˿ǵЦ⡣
ҳƬ̣ת˻⣺߰ɡ
»ЩʱĽݻѽϢ˳ȥŲվиŵǰƳǡ
Ҵ뿪ĽҡҳҲǴҪǰƳǵ⡣
˵ڤЦһۣתƣ漴һǰƳǡ

ȻڸƳǣﶨǲͬѰǡϴɷټڸƳж֮ҳԽһǰȥʱ͹Ρ
ȻһιƳƵԼƯŨڹʢ֮ϴζֹ
ȻȴƱ˿һ㣬ֻڿС
ˣҲƳڵͷŵһѵ
һ¡ʴǻᡭ
ҳĿȥڤֻۣԷȷʵڴˡ
ƯĹΣԱʩ۷Ϊ߹񣬷Ա
ҳֽڤʯӵߣЩҲķۡ
ڸƳǲԶţ⻹вʿŷз޶жȥ
ⲻ֪Լ˺Σյľء
ӦǻûдӴ˵뿪ԲδڸƳ£ЩΣź֮á
ҳ˼뵽һ㡣
ڲֹЩ˵Ľ룬ݾߣ𾯾ҲֱͬӽЩΡյ
ڴ˹УҳҪķѲʱ䣬ҲƱػᱻһǽѡ߶ʯپˡ
˼ͣҳ뵽˴˴Ψһı
һˣǾü䡢ȴһʱж¡ҳֱ̧㽫ڤʯ˳
***
ڤʯһƳйҳ⶯׷׳鲻Сʯͷӿ
ڳйαɨĵһʱ䣬ҳԤϵǰ֪ת˲䣬ƳйθŨҪڰļơ
ڤ֮һ֮ԲգҲȫЩҲΪε֮Żй޲ҽӽ
ҳһŨ񣬶µ۷ҲɶҪ¶ǰˡ
ֻ꣬һźɫڸƳǵĽ紦ʱʱ֣˾ֱӴӳڳˡ
ɫдЦ
ҳ߿յĺȥЩ׺ʵĹһ޴ĺɫҪΪһ塣
Ͳµڤ»ζ˻Ƶɤ𣬳ĬΣʧԶӭڤ۲ɣ
ҳڤʯɹεĶһ١
ǡʱӰȻһֱֱ͸ƳǵĽ磬ҳվķ
ע⵽ɫҳ̧ȴϷССڣҲҲ
˵ţһЦ
ԷһȫȻûаڤ۷ģҳЩ
֪ǰڲݳʱڤ۵潻棬Ϊδ˴Ρ
ûʱҳ룬ۼϮǰٿڤʯֻҪ룬ǰһ룬һâ׾پͽĹ⡣

ۿһɣΧʩųĹԽԽ٣ںµò
ƺ뵽ʲô侲һѪɫͫ׽ŽˣǺ޲ܰ˵Ĳһҧ顣
ڤۡٴγ
ҳͷ˿Ĭڤۣͽ
Ϊڤ۲ֱӡ
ţͻȻͷЦҷˣҷܣɱҡ
ҳšü̧ٶڤʯٶ࣬ʩŵĹҲԴԴϵɢͽ͡
Ǿ䡮ɱҡ
ҳͣϵĶڤʯС
ЩתͷڤۣѯĻ֮⡣
ͬһʱ䣬ͬһֲĴЦ
Ц˿Σ·˼һ㡣
ɱҵġ
Ц
Цҳɫ΢̶֮˿ڵ˵û
ڤۿڣƣȻȻ
ֻǵɨ˵֮ʱԷδ߿
ڤۿҳ˵һ䡣

ҳڤͻ仰һ΢΢һ˲
ɱ
š
ѹƣҳǰڤֻǶ䲻мһˡ

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ҳһʱЩ벻ס
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ҳΪΪǰʲôڤ۶ɱ
Уʲô顣
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ҳһ磬ѵñȺ֮
ǻʵû
ŵӽԱծҲ˼ᡣ
˵䣬οʼܿƵڸƳϿձ¸ȥơ

Ը粻
ȻҳڤʯҲܾ׵İйһոɾ
Ҳ֪񾿾˶ٹΡ
ҳóеЩҲͬͬѰǱʴֻ»᲻롣
һȣҳסҪͬʱаûڣ֪ǰ͸ð֮£µľٲȻ޷ˡ
Ȼڵɲǣֱ߬ġ
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Σ
ڿ˵ˡлûһģһǳǳǣϡɼżΪӡ
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ֻԭǧڰл£ȻΪɱң㣬ڤ֮λáҵģ
Ļ˵š
ʹҳٰɻ󣬵ûг
ʱһһţڵ˲ԣһʱΧ£һȺˡ
ǿΣȴܿûκڵһźɫ
ȻЩ˺Ʊ£ʳǣͷϷ֡
ʱƳҲͬʼۼŵʿ
ӵϢ˾㶼ڵһʱ˴˴
С


188 
һʱ䣬Ƴͷܶۼɵˡ
ҳż˸Ǹǹҽ𣿡
ǹҽ
ҽ⣡
ڳڽεĵӾҳ뿪˳ڣʶȵ֮ǰȥµʱûмҽµüЩȡ
ȹ龪ȣҪлһ
粻ǹҽЩӿɥȪˡ
ҳǰƳʱѻˡ½ݣҲǡ롯ģ˽е֣΢Ǳףڤࡣ
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ڤ˵СֶΣЩ˿ʵòʶݣǰĽҡĽݻǸģ
ڳ֮УΨԶԶŴ˴һ۵˽˳
ӹȥȴͶ֮ˣһϮڸ֮ԵΪȺ
ҳҲʦ
Դˣ΢תӣͬͷ
СͽܵĶٿȻһ٣漴ЦЦĵǼӿ͵ֻҪСͽܺúõġǱһжá

һߣô˲ϾۼšҽеطЦˣˡ
Ƭ̣ЦЪֻúã
ƳΧ£˳ٲȻҲв֪ݵģ˭Ҳûϵ繲ͬͨ˻
֪ƳڵĽѹʿǱ棬ͬ׸һ㡣
ͬʱҲ˸ŭɷǣֻܹǡ
ҳ񣬡ʲô
ƳϿյĹб֮ƣҳת䣬ڤʯʱ׼Ƴڤۡ
ڤ⵭Ͽգҳָֻ΢΢һɡ
ҳ˶٣Ȼеָ·ڸһ㡣
֪Լֻҳᣬ˳ڤ۵ĶٶȽڤʯͬʱ
ŹڤʯҳֻͬһĪ
ޱǿ磬ȴֲδֺܵһ㴫ݿĹһͽڤʯС
ͬһʱ䣬ƳϿյĹۿɼļš
ΪиϱʩԵ۷һһɢţҳ״·Ⱥ
Ȼһ

Σǵ˶Դ˼ɵƳͬ۷׷ס
ܹѪ⡢Ķ
ܿע⵽޷йҽڡ
һ˵ţҲͬ˱ҳųڤʯ
ȻԸΣйҽھͺˡ
˵ĲҽڣҲ
û˹ΣСô죡
ĴңǰԸµӶʩ¹ΣйҽȣҲнա
Թҽνǵ˲֪˲ĵز
˶䱾ҲǼΪƳ磬˿̶ҳһٶ͸ŷˣ˻ԷΡʿ֮
˿жСͽܵԼǶСͽܵƳ籸޲ĵӡ
˼˵ͬʱңڽƳգ
һԾȥ½ִϣһźɫײ޴Юѹϯķ
ˢѹӲƿ˸Ƴǵ᲻ɴݵĽ磬бΧڸƳڵһʿΪԻָһ˲볯Ƴһӵ

ƳһˣӦĹҲӣڹܵǰһ̣ҳѸڤʯ֮ɡ
һ˿һζ£˼޹
ֱһգҳȥڤʯԶġ
ҳſϿյĴ򶷡
ңڽÿӳһнâ䣬αΣһ򽣡񲻿ɵϮȥ
ӳҳǵһο뷢ĳ棬ҽõδκε伮п
һ壬Ŀֱֱͷƿֺ´ʲôϸڡ
һ˻ӽķɿѵһ
ңڽһʦĪʦǰµĵ֪֮˽ı̶ȡ
񣬱Īʦ֮ʦλѵһΪ֮Ʒ
£ңڽ˽꣬䵤ϸУǡ
ƣϡ
ÿһȻ䵽ʵʵ壬ֻǻһ±ͱɸӡ
ת䷢һ˲
ֻɵŽһ̳Ȼûֺ
Ǻܿ죬ͽȻըɫ壬Ƴǣҳӡ
***
𣬹ȻգЩɫƮɢ֮⡣
񷽲ſƶһʵΣûʵҲá̳Ҳգͬӽɨ
һ£Ըоƶܵػ
ҳңңȥ۲쵽״̬ԼԼУﲻԡ
Ȼ˵ļ϶ðݵĺɫ״ķ籩ۣ״ϱáջΪŽȥͷʹһмơ
Сģ˵ɢֵעʩº֣ʵΪ˲ݣ˸ߺ
ɣ
Ϊ˵𣿺ߣΣ
ҳЩŵüͷ塣
һ뽭Ĵвͬÿһŷ籩ڱƻ˲ٶȽзֽ⣬иٵϸ룬֮ơ
óȻִɢֻ谤ǼȣΪƹÿһ̺ӽɽڵȻԽսҲһս֮
̧۾ͼϮնִȻ
ۿͿУͬʱͷųþš
֮սлص
Ž½Ϸµ޲ѹ
˭ûҪֵ˼ǲҲԶ١ѹ˵Со

ֱ֪ʱһεΣҳ÷촽Ծ˶һʦЩѿڡ
еڤʯȴһ֣̾̾Ϣ
񷽲ͳĹαߡ
ۿ˼ս֣η壬ȴҲ̲סҪЩڼɡʲôʱҲѧԶٵı¡
ɵǰâһʱסˣڤۡ
ڤɨ̧һεѹΡ
æ֮Уֻŭ𣬡㲻ɱңɱҵģ
ѹϵڣ񲻿ţôܣôԣ
ڤ۵ѹ£˷ֺ
ԭڽȫƱ綳˰㣬ӺֵɲĿѵضڤۣǾ䣬㡢ɱҡ
䣬ֻʼնûڤۺصӸµĸоĮoһ㡣
۹עӣֻԷͬڿһһû
ȻϷǣɱ
λѻ˵꣬ڤ۲ɱ㡣
ԣҪ⡣
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ڤɱڰйôãô¡ͼ֮ս
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ٶȷЦӺ¶Ц⡣
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ͼڤ΢ۣ˿òԶĽ͡

˭ҲûԤϵڤ۾Сǡڴ˿ԳӦ
׾ͽԷˣеǾ䡮ɱʶĺˣֻΪǰ롣
˶ڤ۳ڴҲδйʣֻڤŻġ
ϾŹ޵ͷ˵Ķ²١
ΨҳԴЩ⡣ֻǵ񱻵ڴȺпĽһУͷĽݻʱһʲôˡ
ĽݻĿ̽ĳ
ڤ۳ǰδ¶ĿǰģӦǱĽݻ˸ȫ
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ҳûǰͬĽݻ̸ǡڴʱڤ࣬ЦЦ
ڤһҳʶ뵽ϴεǾ䣬ٿĽݻԷ˵ڤδ¡
˿ڤ۵Ŀ⣬ǡͬѯʴ¡
˼ˣҳһȣʱߡ
֮δһ佻һжڲС

ƳлЩѰĵطµġвٴӸƳӳʿǰҹҽǷ𣬵ԼûбʲôΡʴ塣
һȫȥҳֻΪ˿ûвʲôԵĵط
ȵ˴˶ɢ⡣
ҳڣƳейζڤʯմûʲôвЩ˵ˡ
һƳǵĿҲһ䡣
ҳ뵽ʲôҪȥڤʱͼԷעԼһ̶Ų
˵Ŀԣҳ΢˶Ҫʻ
ؾ;űд¡ȡֱֵֻڤ۽֮߬У΢΢İ֡
ҳƳһۣͬʱ˵ġɱǡ
һڣ󻰱㿨˺ͷ
ֻڤ´űԼһֱȫȻסֻ֣ů
ſ˼룬ҳδµ˲䣬ʹͷġ
Ǹűдּĵط
ļʲôȵڴ˿̰ӿ޷Ƶк
ҳ۽޶˶ս⿴֮µһǽ
ôҲû뵽ڤ۾ġ

Ȧ̵ľٶԼȨ
ҳֻԷУֺδ
ֱڤһƣ΢ĵĶַת
ҳֱ
ڤβһǱϣɿڵ֪
ƻ󣬻Щ΢ɳơ
ƹʹ㣬ҳһ䣬롣


189 
ڤ
ڣ˵ˣҳһ䣬ڤ۴ۻڤ֮ٲʲô
Ϊλ˵ɱĻǣҳ֪
ֻǰǹһֱڤۿסûаҪص˼۶ǰ߽Ľռݡ
ֽᵽЩҳž⡣
ǧڰУΪڤ֮ڤִڤ᲻֪Ĵڡ
ֻΪɱ
þõȲشҳףڤעԼеֻ֡
״ҳǰ棬ǣ֮һĳȥ
ֱĳأҳԼֻƣ漴ֻŶһΪڰס
ͽȻһ𰸣ҳƫͷȥ
ڤͬӣɫһƬ͸һҵɫ
ҳãβźŴڵڰף

ҳ˼·
ڤԣڰһôʲôϵ
ҳĿ¶ɻ󣬽ţŴ˳رߣһ̨ҳڤ۽̨ߡ
һ˲ͻȻһᣬҳ˸̨֮ϡ
Ұطת䣬ҳףɰ̨ˡ
ͽȻתλãҳڤۣһʱ侹Щ˷ŵʻ
һ˲ڤ˵ͣһϵֻ֣漴ִĩڴһǡ
ڤֻһ󣬱ûҪʲô˼ҳ΢ɿǡͬڤ΢Ŀײ
żɫ
ҳһ٣Ҫڡ
ڤ۵Ļ
ڰײֻǻ
ҳе˲ȫ
䡮ֻǡܶ࣬ϵ˵Ǿ仰Եüˡ
ʲô˼ҳɤŻü΢ֻ⻰ﻹһ˼
ڰֻǻʲô
ţǰһҳ΢΢ͷֱͬڤ۵Ķֲ֣ͬ¶ڴ˿໥ݡ
̶һ
ļ
***
ҳڰȱǣʵȱ٣ԭͲڡ
ֻıͲ
ڼ
ҳڤ˵ȥ
еع棬ڤִڤ磬ڤ֮档
ӵĴڡ
ҳ˴ĲǶԷӵеҫֻһ˵Ĺ¼š
ڤ粢ǴһʼڵģֻһƬ磬Ǵӻ֮ڤ۱Ѿˡ
ûйľǸ᲻ֹ¶ģ֪ǲΪ֮Ĺϵòһˣҳļһ󷢽һۡ
μ䣬·Щռ˵һһǰ֣һʱ˼ռ
ڰͬڤۼ
˵ţǲҳ仯ڤ΢̧Ŀ⣬Ÿ
ڤ΢ָ̧ҳĲһḧȥ͸飬
ҳһ˲ֻڲס޳ָ⣬ʲô˼
ᣬһ塣

ˡ
һж
ڤΪ롢ӶһڰףڰײڤҲͬ
ҳһӱˡ
Ϊڤ۵Ľڰʱͬܽܵ
ԭΪ
ôΪʲô˵ڤɱǲҲΪ㡢ڰ֮䡭
ڤۣǡ
ҳһʱȻΪҲɱ񣿡
ģڤЦŽǰƿ΢Щҵķ˿𵽶΢ָƲ㣬ԴԷĶͬʱǡ
ҳʶ򣬵Ҳͬת÷ɿ죬˵ڰҿڰ׵ӡ
˵Ļһ١
ڰ׵һɿɰС򣬶ڤȻ
ߵԸȻ෴ҳɳ֮Ϊˡ
ţͣ»ͷٿȻӿһ䣬ڤ֣ҪȦڻУֻʣڰ׵Σ
˵⻰ʱڤ۵ɤѹмֵͳҳԣԸв
ֱˣ
ȻڤȴָⲻסĦ˼£һٶȴӳݼţ

͵ǳǳβ΢˿˿˽ҳڵĶ˶Ҫƫͷȥڤƺʹ˷Ź
ʻڼ
ڰΣ
ҳԷʣǳͬһ䡮ѵͬһˡԸΥǣ䱻ĦΪľþòڴ˿ͽȻӴ
ƺǷҪʳҳżЦڤ۵ɤ͵ʹͬڰףã
ʻҳǷӦз۴ͷȦԼˣȾЦ⣬ڳԴף
׳ԵģԼġ
ڰҳԣһĵܵһ㣬ǽ̲סá
Ƕ֮䣬ҳδве˼
ڤۿ΢תǲ⣬Դף
ҳףڤǣЦһ£ڤԼϵڤ۱˳ҳС
գֱ̧ҳڤǰԴʱһһ㽫֮͵ǡ
ΪҪȽϣҳ㡢
ڰڤȫͬˡ
ۼڤⰵһƬҳ˳Ƶתͷ۵ײζĹ⣬ʵֻϲ㡣
䣬ڤһѽ˴Ӹ̨֮ϱ£ҳ˲ʧģʶ˫ֻסڤ۲
Ҫȥģҳʵ
˵һһĤĽŲ

ҳڱһƴʱĵ׶һƬƽġ
룬Ըġ
ڤ۵Ķֻʱ͸Źصζ
֮ǰڣҳܸܵԷġƫ
֮û˿٣һжˮɡ
ҳڴ߲ˣü΢̧˰Σҳָ֣̯ڤۡ
ŶԷֱֱ˫۵ףӳŵԼС
Ŀԣҡ㡣
ҳڣҴδԼлһˡ
룬Ҳ顣
ڤü΢£
漴ֻҳżǡ
ֱۣڤۣһһ仺˵
Ǹ㣬һȥ
δһԺδ
ҳͻȻֻһɣȴ˵гһ㡢㷴ˣôһԶԶ
Ļδ˵꣬ҳȥֻ͵رһ߬ס
ڤ˰뵽ʲôɫһƬ׵䣬ʡ
ҳӦһ䣬۲ʡ
Ż£ڤ۵Ӱ¡״ҳûдλãܵӭȥ

ҳϡżڤ˵ʲôǰŽʱصһ£
ͬʱ
ϵͳʾҳֱ棬±һµ˳֮С


190 
ҳò̾ʿĺãӻصڤ򲻾ñ㿪ʼмδͣЪѲ֪ȥ˶ʱա
ҶԼϢвԣڤ۱һʱΪ
ҳЩУĲӦܹᵽЩġ
˶ǳΣҳ󻰵ıڤ۲ҪιϵԶԶġ
ϲ֪ڤ۴뵽ʲôЩݣʱǱᶯ
ѯ𣿡
ҳ״ʧ㣬ԷŻͬʱһ㡣
ȥʱмҪܵĳ嶯ÿҳ֮⡢żʱʱ͸⣬ѡ˳ŶԷ

Ȼ赣ģкķѵľȴĶࡣ
ĩˣҳʵھƣߣ˯˹ȥ
˰ȵ˯գڤָԷ΢ŵü䣬˱
ҳţĿڤԶΪϴԡһĻ
һһ
ҳڶ˯
֮һεɰȻ˯ȴĳ
ٴպ
շƱʲôĦȥЩ⣬ҳص۽޲ס¶£Ҫѹ
ۡ
һ۱֧һԵڤۡǧīδ̳һ˫רעĶԼ
ҳЩȻס̧̧ü㿴ʲô
˵ţҳһתٿػһޡ
էȻżԷ֣ڤ΢м¶ǣֻ˯̫ˡ
ҳ۾һ䣬ʣã
ڤա
żζǵ䣬ִŵưԹĿǡ
ҳкЦӻա
ǰѰ˯붼ģ嶨Ȼ˳ܲס
ɫʵĻ½УҲת˲š
ֲʿһδʱ˵΢ġ

ҳţкЦڤۡ
ȻƼĲͬڶڤ۾еȤͬʱ־̾
뵽΢״ĿڤۣͬԼ˯ʱĦʱһֻڤ۵Ĳϡ
Ϊλ˯ôãҳЦüƶһ̷㵱治
ڤǰ㲻֪ƣ֣ô˯ôʱ䡣
׾ȻԹҳˡ
һ˵ţӣۺϷʵĻڤۡ
ƺǴб¶ݺʼҳڤ۴ڤһֱ⸱״̬ڤۡ
֪䣬Ǵһƽȵ״̬޹
ҳĻشڤɫ΢ЩĿǲżֿҪβס
ģҳһᵽˣʲôлӿڳ
Ǻڤ֪ոջָûһǰ޶ȣҲʵȥʱ
Ȼһֻ֮˵˵ѡ
ҳڽڤΪָͶļƣ뿪˴˴
߳ȥһξ룬Żתȥ漴ɷĴ֣дš
***
ڿһɲ˵Ǽٵġ
ҳôҲ벻ڤ۾Ȼֱȥһٿӿһޱ
ļңô±ΪĵǲǿԵĵڶҡ
ͽȻһͷһʱռļ䣬ͬʱŵýӯͷҳǹһĨǳЦбŨŨϲռ
״α֮֮ĵ׸㣬Լżڤ۱ļʱµľٶȸеȷ
˵ĲϽӴУҳҲԷͬС
Ӷʹ㡯ȼȴֱֱеĻʱҲʹӦ
ҳһһԼ뷨ҲʣЩҪȥʱǸˡ
Щǰ𽥿ϢҲ
ֱ˿Ҫǰʱ֪̽
ڤеŮԲ߶ʹǿҳҲǰ˿ʶûжܵؿϢҲӳ˼г˼
ҪȥʱԺһ䣬
ҳǰȥȼһϮǳĿڼͬһЦ
ڼҳôˡ
˵գڼ𻰣ҳȻڤ۵ģ
ǰڤ򣬳ڤۻʲô£ҳ롣
Ȼڼȴҡͷ
һ˲ͼڼڣ㡣

ڼĴ𰸳ҳԤϣȴûʲô⣬¶һЦ´ǣʵʲô
ԣڼҳþò𻰣ͬҳꡣ
ҳҪʱ
ڼӰ΢˶Ҫ߽ȴվֹס˲ӣֻ񡢱ˡ
żڼô˵ҳһ١
˵⻰ڼԼҲС
ҳϡڤ۵Ϣָڱ棬⣬ɢġ
ڼȥ
ΪСϻڤ۵ϢΪ㣬ڵ⡭
ڼòһǡ
ҳ˵ˡʱֻϵıЩĵ˼⡣
ˡ
ˣǴӺʱʼ
ڷֱĸݣĽرʱš½躮䡯롯ݣЩҳһ˰ݡ
תЩʱԼȻͬòϰԡҳڰݵĹУγǽԼԸһһС
˵ڴ֮ǰ˵һҿ롮½躮䡯롯޹ϸˡ
£ҳǲôΪȥˡ
½䡯躮롯
ûʲô֮ɳնһС
ܹƲøɸɾǵ뿪֮ʣʦ˵ģǱȫˡ
ҳϡ
̰ˡ

ͬʱҳΪԼһ仰ͻȻڼôˣ
ҳҡͷû¡
ֻͻȻˡ
ʲôݱ¶ǰһ޸ϵжҳͬµľˡ
ʦʦҲǱ¡
ҳ½躮䡢ͬ룬һʼͽԼһѡˣȫԲ
Լ˾ôڤһսᷢ
ˣҳĿٶ룬תȥڼæˣ
ΪŹص£ڼڤ۴ҴҴʵٻأµһӦѻûܴŹһ½ʵ
һֱղŵԿгǰڤþҪҵˡ
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СѺڤ֮䡭
ڼͷǡ
ҳͬ˻Ựĩڼʵлȥ
ڼ뿪ҳƳһ۶ԷįıӰԭվһ˲󣬱Ŵһֱδ鿴ϵͳ
ڼһ仰ҳࡣ
࣬ޱ仯
ҳҲܸܵģԼƺǰǰ㣬ŽԼ
ԸϣҲͬԼ˲Сı仯Ǹ±Į̬ȵˡࡢҲ࣬һжȻű仯
ҳУνǻࡣֽڼͶĸ飬˵ġ

ʦ96
74
£85
ޣ11
ڼ100
Ľݻ50
ƣ100
ȸ100
ܽȣ82
ҳ鿴ϵͳͬʱ޻ʵĵ
ϵͳϲܽ82ͨ塢ܡ׹һ
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ȵȡ
ҳĻһ䣬ϵͳੲȻֹ
˵ֹͣҳ´ϵͳ棬治֪ʱ仯жʱЩ𺳡
ֻϵͳϣӦǡĳνΪˡʦ𡯣ħħ𡯳ΪˡʡΪˡ¡ԭȵġڤڤע޵֡
ҳſڣΪ󣬵һʱ侹ûܷκƽһ˲ҳϵͳǡô¡
˵գҳ·һͣ´ϵͳĽһ㡣
ϵͳͺͨģ˳Ӧҳı䡣
ȻϵͳҲڵһʱ˻ӦʮֵԼࡣ
ϵͳΪǱǡ
ǵݳȻʱҳѾ֪ģƺ˿̻ӵõ
ҳҪʣϵͳٴͻأ
ޣ100


191 
ʾһ˲ҳֻ˶
ԵôĲʵ
Ȼϵͳĵһ̰һ˵ʵС
ϵͳϲܽ93
ҳδϲãüȴڴ˿£뵽ʲôת˲תڵĹȻʹħڤУȴġ
ҳѸٵȫֱֱȥ
Ե޹ʵһ˲˰٣ҲҳЩܽܣת۾Ϯȫ
ڤۡ
ʲô鷢
ҳ˼ˣٶȱˣ޲óת۾
һʱʱҲֻһСǣһֱй˴ĲΪζ뿪һСᷢ˱ʡ
˼ˣҳ±ռ˼ǹڤۡ
Ҫ²źá
һֱϵҳһ̤ţ㱻ڰƵĳڸߣӳҰ
ʱ˿̣ҳޱʧϵͳ󡢵޷ݽڴླжڤ۵ڡ
ȻˣҳŴԴɬػ֣ޡ
һҳɴĿǰڤΪôλ

ҳи֪ڤ۵ʱһͲŵ̾һųζĻشֻŶԷһ䣺
żҳ֪Ķһ٣ӣ漴׼ȷԴ˹ȥ
ڤ۵Ŀ·ڴ˿ϣʵʣϤòҳ΢΢΢ܶ£ӳǰŲȥ
߶ĹУٶȴǳҵİ
ҳһ
˺ܶ࣬ҳ٣ȴû˻ڡǰ棬һ䡮ҵġ
ͬʱҳִĪһԼڱҪ档
֪Ϊʲô˼ˣҳǼӿһ⣬Ҳ͵ش󲽳ǰ˹ȥӭŨǲһа㡭
գҳٿȻ䵽һޱȰĵĻ
ڤ۽§˸ʵʵԴ𱸣ʲô
һ˵ȥתڤ֮ҳҳǳ´ɬһһƽ
ҳϡܿԷ沿ϸƬ̣ļ³ѯʣôˣ
ţڤмɻ
ڽϵͳҳûֱԣеֱڤ֪Լʵʲô
뵽ҳһ飬ôˣ
˵ţڤۻеһת֮棬ֱ̧㹴ס˶Էľ䣬ȥڤ۵Ķʱţ

ѧڤ˵ʱõĿǣҳ΢һһĲ
䣬ҳֻһƬհ㡣
Ȼҳ֪ǣе谭ߣȴڱڤ۵Ұ
ģЩ˵Ķ⣬Щ⶯
ˣڤۿҳʱһƬҰٹת䣬ʱ͵ͷһڵס

ǺһֺҳűſʱڳһƬŨ׵ڸһе⣬л˿˿ƮɢһŨҵľʯ骻ζ
ᵽʯ骻ζҳЩʧ񣬵ȡ
ţڤ۾ϢҪԴǰֱ
ǿĳڤһ̧֣еİɢ˸ɾҳҲڵԿ壬Ŀڴ֮ϵһƬҺ󣬼̱ۡ
ͬʱձڤָ˹Ρ
һ˲ѽڰױԪջء
ԣҳ˼һ룬ת˲ͱתע
ڤ⻰ʲô˼
***
ǧذתҳһʱûܾó𰸣Ҫȥڤۡ
ǲڤ۵ĻȻʼڶϡ
ŴӦ㣬Ҫһи֪
в˵㡣
ҳ˼һ̷·ֱһ㡣
š
ָǶԷһ¿һ¡ʶԷȻ״ԭʱڤ۴Ӧġ
ҳǾȥ㽫ڰ׵ıԪջء⣿
ʵЩתͷڤȥͬߵײҪֺĿס
ܿ죬ҳ˹ֻڤ类һ㰵ɫӰ֣ǳǳɫǡѺ϶Ϊһһ㡣
ڤ˵Ѿڰ׵ıԪջء
ڰױ̥ڤۣѱջأǾͬ˵šڰǻع˱塣
Ҳ˵ڵڤۣˡ
ڤֻǿһʣȴҳԷв²ࡣ
ǣΪʲô
ҳֱ˴ǣʣΪʲôѡջأ
ڴ֮ǰڤ۽ԼһΪȻǰĿ֮ͽ֣ҲһЦ֮δҪջص˼
һ㽫֮ջأҲңֻڤһת֮ܽ
⣬ڤ֮
Ϊʵ֮ͬڤ絮֮úѾڣʵǲС
һڤ֮λˣܻڤ۵İ
Ρ
ԷŻڴʱڰ׵ıԪջء

ҳɱģԼϵ
ԼճУ˷ϵ֮ʱڤ֮˵Ǿ仰
ǡߡ
ҳٿȻڤãѿڵΪҪߣ
꣬ҳһĿŶԷϷŹһ˿仯
˼ת÷ɿ죬ʱʳӣȫ֪ˡ
ϵͳ
ҳڤۻش𣬼˵ȥܿҵʱġ
ƶ
ڤΣεǣǣЭһ󣬰̾Ϣɵĳϣǡ
Уҳš˼룬һн֪
֪㣬뵽ڤ۴˾٣ҳۿЩɬżк˿˿ڲصüõĲβʱͨһƬ
а°ûҳûоڤ۶ԣ¶ԷƵᡣ
ڤһ֪ݣȴûдڤ֪Ǵˣҳû̫𾪡
еֻռĲϷӿ
֮ڤۻ֮кȻŹعرڼҲʱһǰ磬֮ҴҸϻء
һǶһ㡣
ˡ

ϵͳ̫Ī⣬ڤۼȿһ㣬ȻҪȴ޴֡
״ǴûйģڤҲ֪ϵͳƿصġ
ǰĵεΣһӿԺҳͻȻ뵽ںܾ֮ǰǲµһЩȴҲûڤȴͬ͸¶ˡ
Ǿ䣬ֻܶ㡯
һֱڤ۶֪
˵һ뷭ӿҳ֪˵ʲôźá
ֱֱڤ۶һ˲Ȼǰҧ˵ȻôϲЩõ£ġ
ôܡ
ôá
ҳ΢ҡ


192 
ڰ׻عһ˲䣬ʱ٣֤һС
ҳԸ⽫ԼȫȥΪ㣬ֻǡڤֵá
˶ѡ
ҳܿͳˣ£ҹ¼ڤۣûзִпԵġ
Ǿ仰˵̫ڴҳɤӶˡҷڵ֪ڤһֱֻЩ͸ۿˮ뵿һƬ
գЩۼˡ׽֮һһȥ
ֹ˼գҳŻ
ڤٴǼµĻǰҳ˵㿪ڶԷҪϼüѯʡⲻԼ𡯵ǰһ˲ڴϡ
㽫ԪջأΪң𣿡ҳڤƿı⣬ͣ˶˿
ƳԷŵĨɫ־Լʱ˵ʵ¶ǡ
ÿÿڤͬǾ仰ӦҪģᶼ㡯
˿ҳԪ֪⼸ҲǱڻˣڤ·ϣᡢͬʱڣɤͳŵֻ㡣
Լһشȴôҳļǵ㣬쿴ڤ۵ĿⲻԾרע
״ڤǼ£ҳûץס
ҳۣȴѵõϴʣԺ󲻿ˡ
ԣڤΣ˳ҳĻá

ʱһζţҳͬղйȥ鿴ϵͳ
ϵͳ򿪣ɨϷһܽʱŻȻϲ
93Ŀ
˵ڤƾһ֮ܽһء
ҳעͣһ˲ֽ߶ڼбС
ϵͳҳسϴ˵ģô£
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һ룬𡮶һϵͳʾ
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ϵͳ롢֮򡣡
µļˣһǱĴߣͬǹϵΪܵģҳ
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ҳ뵽ȻʱԹ⻷ûǲǡ
룬ҳһ뷨ϵͳһ̶ʱĲ²⡣
ϵͳȶļɢԲοԭġԼ޶档
ϵͳĻشǰϵͳת䣬ҳɨƪͬ³ǰ
ֽģǡ·Զ޸桯
ʼǲͬġ
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׽Լһзӵ֮ҳͱûȻ
ûôĹڣĻ
ЩʱҳȻֻһ֮ӵ˽
ѿտڵ뵽ǰ뿪ڤۣϤҳ΢ƴͳŵȥ
ֻǴгʱȴǼװˮĵڵһŮ
һ߳ˣŮǷ׷״Ŀ̬쳣ٲȻǱ˷Ը
˾۹۱Ǳǹģ˿ҿģ
ҳеƲ˼ۣԵġϴ·ĳУұҳƷδǼ
ȫڤۿС
뵽˴ļǣ˿˿⣬ҳֹסҪЦվסˡ򴽣ͷŮѯʣ֪ڤģ
˵⻰ʱڤۡڿзշת޶˿
һʱ䣬һŮԾĺգͷø͡
ĩˣͷŮƬ̲ŵشˣڤĳء
ҳףǲԼšһ䣬漴󲽳ȥ
ҳȥŮŻعѽˣڤ۷Ըҵȼ˳󡢱źţˣ

һߣҳ֪ЩŮΪԼû÷֮¶ţ֪ڤĳغ˳ͳĳضȥ
ò˵Ϊڤ۶£ҳܵԼǵꡢΪ˲ݺӵı仯ͺ˲ɲһ㡣
˼ˣҳֻһȣƽš
֮ǲɳ֮Ϊɲ
˫ޡ
㰲οԼҳȴԽԣæٶȽĵ׵˼ѹ¡
ӦڤΪЩ̺ڤ֮Ũ񣬶˵ȻǼõϡ
˵ϣͲɱ뵽Ԫģǲᣬǲ˵ڤ۴δζὫ֮ݺݹ档
ۼԽԽᣬҳ֮࣬ͬʱЦ
һЩǵ¾ûڤʱΪϲ˵Щ첻ߵĻǹɶȤζϰศɣʵִ
ţҳİõĽ֮ڤͷϣĳضȥĲҲࡣ
֪ڤ۽Ϊλĳأ뵽˼ڴӲĵط˻ǶڤΪΡֺ档
ֻǰȥһ

һ̽뷨ҳĳغֱȥδ̤棬ܸܵڤ۵ķλ
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ҳһ·ⲽڣֱϤһϮ׷ͣ£ƽʱϲվŵǴ
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ϸϸȥҳһ㡣
ֻ˿ȸβ»ζһĻ׽ۣβҡڵƵʼΪʵǲ֪ĻΪֻԵС
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β𶼰ڶˣȴһҲޡ
ǡڴʱֻڤ΢űڵĽ˿ȫ¶ҳС
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Ҳû뵽ԼĳˣȻײһĻ
ڤ۾ԽԼȸˡ

ҳĳأ˿ŷδ£ֻͬûϵ
ڳ˾ıµĵĵˣ⡣
ڤ̧üôˣ
ҳûд𻰣ͼֻողűСһȻһ̴ܳų䵽ļϡ
֪ԼҾǵĽ˿ȸڤ΢С
ҳ˿ȸϳԼõĲǡ롯ԼģҲϳ
գҳݸȥǺ˿¡
ʧȥɲǣ˿ȸ쳹ĳء
ڤۿƵȸкЦҳĪҪ
ҳҲЦڤһǰΪ˰Сһϣ
˵ţĿǿϵĻϡ
ԣڤһۣת˲ǰָҳһֻ֣˵һʲô
㡣


193 
ҳҲû뵽ڤ۾ȻΪ
ɻӦҲһϣֻڤּһ䣺Ρ
ЩڻĿǣҳӣΪ
ųɹųĳתȦȦŵȸҳЦ¡
ֻΪΣͱúڲţ졣
һʱ䣬ҳ֪Ҫ˵ڤۡҪ˵ǲ֪ߵغȸˣֻЦ
Цü䣬ڤ俴в֪ҲȾǵЦ⡣
ҳЦգڤ࣬ظǰʻô
֪ԼΪʲô޵ţҳЦнӿڣ㡣
ڤƫͷҳǣһҵļп˲٣ԶҪϲһŻ㡣
ҳ˵꣬µĻȸȻת۾Ƴڤת
ĩˣڤɤƿڣһ𡣡
һ˵ҳоֱǣ˹ȥȴҲûɶԷĳء
֮͸һԲηΧ
Ǿ仰صǡϲǡԶ

ҳͬڤЯصʱŮѽڷźþ֪ȤˣϢ˿˿Ƕˡ
ҳһڣΪסڤۣǣŽߴȥ
λ£ڤԵĿʱ̲ҳϡ
˾ҳָһ㣬뵽ϴΣڤڰ׵ģͬһڿջеһĻ
ǸˣϲͬȤִ֮࣬¶ݡ
뵽ҳĿɨеĸ㣬ݵڤǰ
ûŴ£ҳ˶٣ְջһüëڤ̶ۣ͵Լߡ
СС̸ⷺ˿˿𣬸һͽ죬ҳԵֻۣǻһ£ǰٿһǳӰ
漴ǿǻɨе𾡽ȥ
ҳһ͡
Щǹ󣬵ڤȻԭλҳʱЦ˵һΣôˡ
ǽֻǰǳֹһǡ
ڤۻ֮װףҳ´۲ȥκ󷽲ֱ̧ڤֻۣҪ룬Ǳԡ
üۼ価̹Ȼ
Ż䣬һʰ
˾ԳС
***
ŨʱǱȴϢ
ڼӵڤ򣬸ڱŮ˽µ̸ʲô
˵еλǲǵۺ󰡡
ҿǡ
ҿҲǣûڤǴǶ𣿡
û뵽ڤ۾Ҳһˡ
ǰҵȶûԷڤ۽˻ǰһǷļϵģҲ֪ʲô˰
ŮһһۣڼԶԶˡ
ڤвδֹŮǵۣһнɣһڵĹǶܻ䣬ģٲȻǱþˡ
˵Ľ̸ڼһֲ©ڶ
ȷʵǰ˷ļϳ裬򡭡˵
ŮԴ˲֪ġڼȴ
ǡڴʱŮۼע⵽ĵһʱ׷˵
񡣡볯ڼ
ڼԺ̧֣ݵĳĬģ
ʣҲӸոЩŮе֪ڤֻǾķλڼȴǲ֪ġ
ڼ𳯰ŮҲ֪˴ӦҪȥڤ۵ģæ˵˷λڤǧεǲԴ·

õȷеλãڼ˳Ů˵ȻͿһޱΡ롢ҸûʵĴ
½ġ
ڤ۵ֶͨΣҪڤ֮ѣοڤġ
ڼڵƬ̲ȥ̤ڤ֮ʱѾ֪̽
ʶڼʱڵһ䣺£
ֱֱƮڼеģ¾ʲôˡ
ڼ̧Ŀȥڤ۴ڵ߳
ûпСѵӰڼ̶ʵϢ֪ڤۣǱߴϢʲս硣
֮⣬ڤҲʵ
ڼֲ䣺ͷʱԻᵽ
֮ǰõǳʢ᲻ضá
Եɡڤ۵ڡ
ԣڼҲ̧ü˵Ϣᣬϣʱҽ
˻֪£ڼ磬ΪĲһĿġ
ʲô磬ǻӡ
Ϊڤ۾ҪܾȴԷӦá
ڼͣѯʳֻǰһΣڤתڵ
ԼԼ䣬ڼżһ߽ĵૣĬĬתȥͽһЩæıӰ

ڵ
ڤʱֻ˻˯úʲô״ʧЦ΢һ춯ȻҲܽ㼱еҪԷ
ȻѾˣڼȥڤ֪¡£㶢Ŵ֮˵˯ơ
ҳʱþͿڤšĿֱֱԼ
ôÿ˼δҳһ׼һߵ
ֻ˯˿Ҳʱʱš
ҳΪԼϳ˶仨Žڤտûͣ
ÿڤЦһۣɫ磬
䣬ڤ۸Ϊȡһ֯ƽۣҳӹԼԷ
ǰڤ̧࣬ͳ˵ɤΪ㴩ϡ
һҳֻһ飬Ҫȥ·֡
Щ۴С¡ڤΪãȥԼҪ䵽ĵزˡ
ҳǸĪã±ڤҪġ
ĳıţýԼҲ벻
˼ˣҳǣҲ
·һ룬ҳʣ˯˶ã
Ϊ½ڤһ٣㣬ա
ҳȻգ

ҳζ벻ԼȻô˯
ҷЩѾӦˣڤҲΪǣ
ɽΣһ˯ա
ϴλֻգҳ룬ΪǳΣ֮ûôˡ
ôôáҳǳ˵ţšü
һ룬ü䱻ָḧҳü仹δü£һǳ۾ͱѹƽȥ
̧ۿ˿ֻ֡
ڤ۵עкϷʡ
ҳü֪
ڤ۵̬ȣӦ֪ġ
ȻͼԷͷ״ҳϴļơ
ڤۿȻĿ׵Ц⻹ԽɢԽơ
һ˲ҳѶڤ˽͸Ҳ￴ʲôɨڤһۡ
һ۹ҳŲŲ֮ľٶЩ
ĩˣҳȥ
׼ԷԴкμ⡣
Ȼһ룬ҳ۾ͽȻɴ˲պһƬ
ֻڤۻһһ俪ڣ˵ľЩ˻
ľԪȻúúա


194 
ڤ۵һҳƽһ˲Ҳöˣʱǰ㡢ûϺðŻù
ҳЩ룬ټ⡣
ʲôԼҲӦܸܵȷûʲô״
Ҳڤ԰ɡ
˼ˣҳֻһӿ
ֱ߳ڵȥ
֮˳˳ùʳ
ȻЩǶõڤȴԼ￴ΪɣһͲϣֵϲʳӡ
ҳ˽⡢û׼ˡ
޷ڴжʳˡ
ڼ䣬紫ϢҳĬĬ˼磬ҪҲȥ
ʲô
ҳţûеһʱ俪˵漴оԼߵֱһֻƸ
۸Լϵֻ쳣ƣҳ˲ͷͼڤעӹһ䣬ȥ
ҳ΢٣ͬʱף֪
ڤ۶֪

пҳ䡢ڤ۱⣬ȴҲײԷ֪
İһڵˣЩЩҲΪ
Ҫǰһ£ҳ޷ܾ
ãδغ뿴һˡ
ڤ¶Ϊǣҳ´ԷҪ˵ʲô
ȻǰȻڤۺЦɤСģҲΪˣϲϴδкúÿ֪ҹ
ĻҳûȥҪ˵Ļ˲˻ȥ
ϣҳβ룬Ҳڤ۵һṥ£ʱͽ֮ǰķ߽⣬ڤ۵⡣
;ҳ֪ڤ˺ʲô֪Ȼ˰˰ģ
һԺһβǧ˿̳ʿҡǽ˸췭ظ

ҳǰһѹ㷢Լһڣһë
ӣԱ˳ˣ
ҳšüһ֪ڤ˵ԴƫͷȥȻͼԷԼ
㡢ҳʵݣջǱ졣
֪ڤ۵״ĵ֪ġ̬ܿط
֪ǽеҳ಻֪µġ
ҳڤ۵˽⣬Ҳ֪ԼʡԷҲ˵ƻ´μС
Ȼˣҳĥţ´ζٰԼתѪͳˡ
ʡѿڤͬʱҪԼβ͡
***
һֱ߾ҳûڤ˵ǰڱУһδǱ
Ҫ³ʱ̽ߡ
ˣڤϸʵ
ĩˣպ壬ʱ磬غ뿴
ʹ硢ҲǰȥҲУϡܻСƺһСǶӦûںġ
ڤۿǾ䣬Էǰ롭ҳĪӻ˼˼
ǡ˻һ㡣
ҳţ֮㱻£ڤԽ˴ӱ̳¡
˲Я߳
ֱȥҳſһ˵ڼ
ϴʢʱǰ㣬˴ڤˡ
߳ĶˣڼͬʱǰĿ¶Ȼ͸η
μڤۡ
ڤɨһۣǰ
ڼʣڤҪȥģ
˵꣬ˡ
ҳû˵һ˲˻˵ۺһء

ڳڼɵģȻ仰˼һʱ𾪡
ȻΪ⻰ĹؼҳͬЩڤۻ˵תͷ˿ߡ
ڤ֮Ŀԣ뿪
ߵ䣬ҳſ巽Ǵġһ״Ĵͷзǰ滹һƥʮϧľ޼ܡ
ʱ˿̣ڣٿطһꡣ
ۺ󣬡ǿǵۺ󰡣
ǰڼһڤеŮһһģһĸ̾û룬ڤ۾Ҳжĵʱ򡣡
˼ġһ˵ϣҲΪ档
⣺ᱲģᱲģ
̾꣬žڼͷβûпڣ̲סƲȥۺɫ²Ȼʲô
ڼԵۺ⣡
ۺħߵʹڼʱʱСѡСѡ̵ġ
Ծ࣬ͻȻЩձ
Ҳ֪ڼ
װû֪֪ʲô
ڼһƳΪ
˵ţڼ˶٣ֿڣ͵͵𣬡ڤ۾Ͳ֪

ڼĻһ
ǰڤ᲻֪
ڤ۲δҲȨ֪ͺˡ
ҿ꣬˿
֪ѾˣٶȥСûˡ
֪̫ಢǺ£һʮġ
гõľ׹
ЩȻƳһڼ
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ĬΣͼһ㡢
󻰵ǰһ˲ڼ¡
˶٣ڼͻȻǣյǸۺܹҪڤġ
ܱóѵĺá
ڤڼΪ羴Ķй޶ĸԸ׷ˡ
ڤ֮
ˣڼԵǱףġ
ο

ǸȴǺϲкá
ѱһ޷ˡ

ҳ˿̵ȷ۶ڤۣڶԷռѷǰʱҳѸסԷ
ڤͣ¶
˵ԣҳҲȥ룬Ц£߰ɡ
Ϊʱʱ׼û뵽ڤۻֱ˵ۺ󡯶֡
Īҳļ䷢̡
˵߰ɡڤͬЦ۽üҡ
׾ͿɿԼзӿͬá
ҳĿ⣬ռ䲨˰תۼ
Ϥľҳ΢
ǰˡ䡯ģǺһϤӡ
ҳڤȥʱײСĴֵСƺꡣ
һߣСƺ׸䡢׺ݵĳ߿ֱֱ䵽ڤϣʮ־Ŀߡ
ⴥҳһ˲Сƺ˲һ䣬ߺ磡
ϤɤҳסϵĮȻ顣
СƺɲǣСҲ׷΢£
磡
ҳһһӦ£ůĵӿֻСѯʡôʱ಻ᡣ
ܻδ뿪ȴǲϵӿ

ҳãδǣһʱЩƲס
ֱоֱסʱƽ
һڤ۽߬С
ͬʱСһסشһˣĿ¶棬ֻǿƵġ
ҳǵĺ棬ûӦôܣʣΪβڣ
С⣬һ㶼ᰲһλڴտ
Сǿڣ󷽱Цֻɢ
ʾ֪С롣


195 
Ƿ㡣
ϤЦһҳ֪ʱ¹ˡ
ֻû뵽ǣӶԷ֮⣬㾹ںǰ
ʱǰδϡ۵Ҳ⡣
δͷǣѾȥⲻ֪ʾȻ˺룬ӭӷֻϺͷ۵ˡ
ⶼǷģֻ˵һ˰ˡ
ûǣһҲڡ
ҳڤۣ΢üңӹδͬڤ˵
ϴڤ۳ÿռ֮˴ߵ£ɻš
Ҫ˺ƭ磬ǾƲ͵ڤģҲͬỶӭڤ֮ǰ
ŷһ߳۵ڿˣʱǰһ
ڱڳ̫ʧ񣬹ʶֻǻ˵ͷչһ¡
ͬʱҲע⵽˺ҳЯվ֮ˣ˶Էǿ󣬾Ȼ࿹ļơ
Ƭ̣ϡ۵ע⵽ģͬҳŵ֣ؾ͵ɴۡ
˺С䣬Īǡ
ҳӭż˿Ŀ⣬ŷ¡

һֻ֣ԼСһ˲顢ת۾ۿɼٶȵͳȥ
ҳʱ˵ȴǡ֡
ڷסˣСǰˣƢһʱԸ¡Ǿδòʧˡ
˼ˣͬס
һСڣΪ¶ǰ룬ʶǶηҲ٣ڼ˵֮࣬Сѧڵ໥֡
ҳһĻݸȴҲڤ»һ֣һʱûų롣
ǻûзֿ֣͡
ʱӺԶԶһߺС䣡
ܿ죬һɫ⻮ͼȸ˷䵽ǰ
һšü
˵ȸȻǸģֻǲ֪Ǻʱȱ¡Ȼû֡
һֱں븽Żڴʱüҳðͷ
뵽˴һ
гȸС
뷽跨ҳһϣȴΪ
ֱ겻ɢ
***
ȸȷʵںãҲȷβ
ֻҪһ뵽ŶԷܿС䣬ȸﻹжԷ֣Ȼ뷽跨Լصüá
ʵ֤ȸɹˡ
û÷㷢֣һС䡣
ɵҳһʱһӾͿˡ
ǶڤɵҲסڣڤʲô
ͲûǾ䡮콫ַſĻ˵ˣдŲá
ҪֹѾȸѱڤ۵ݡ
ڤۡһڳںȫɵģ֪Ҳϲڤ֮š
Ϻͷ۵ͬס
䡮ڤۡã¡ڤۡһһںֻһá
Ϊʵ
ǼСΪλڤһ𣬻ֵģ
ҳ˴ߣɫ̹Ȼ
ڤ۵ݼѱƣ˼ǵڤ۲ȥţ롣
һ˵ͬڤԡ
ڤ۵ɨ㡢
δ䣬תͷҳǳǳЦûм˵ȥȴҲԽס
ҳ΢
ʵڤֱԣ಻ᷴ
ǶԷûС

һգںһں˵νǾ춯ء
Ǻ徹Ȼһλڤ󣡻ڤͬģʵԡ
ȴһ뿪ãں嶼δӦ
۵ȻǱô죿
Ǻ硢һԷǸ߸ϵڤ¹ǽʱ塭
뵽ģѹżƲԭԷڤۡ
˿۵Ļ˶٣ŵ¹ǡ
˵˴Ͽ۷۵໥ӣӶԷ۵׿˼ᶨȡᡣ
һ죬ɻСľʱΡˡ
۵֣صͷŶڣҪ峤ڴˣҲǵľһ
Žһģηκ¡
ҵ䣬ǺҲûнյĻԻ͡

в֪Уɷ۵϶ͬصںŽ¡
ҳ˿Ѿ˹ҽݣͬڤһ
εᰲͬϴβ룬ͰպΪ׼סҲϴͬġ
ҳ֪ǲȥˣҪȥڤ಻ǰ
ֻǵһ˵ִʱͻȻڡ
СϰѿڵĳƺڻͷԷģʱס
ǰ֮ǹҽ룬䡣
֪ΪΣȻһͷ䣬ҲСˣҳ

ҳĻ̧׿ǰʱ֪»عϢǰӭ
ǰŵģδˮ
ڿҳһɲˮЩͣٲȻ֪Щġ
㿴ˮѿڵĻΪҽŵס
ıҳȥסԭʱסĵطתͷԷʶҳ˿̵Ҫסǲףͣ˻ͷ
ᵽҲΪڤ۰ˡ
Ѳ룬Էڵǡڤ֮ˣ㲻ò
ͻȻ⻰ˮشЩ಻סĳȸɤӣ𣬡֪
˵ţȸһЦҴҽȥ
ȻȸĻŸ˵꣬ϵЦͽ档
ֻһǳɤˡ
ڤƵģٶǣҳһֻ֣ˣסںm
mΪµס
Ҳϴҳݴʱȥ
һ⻰㵱ͬ⡣
ǸһͥԺʱˣȴԺ·˵ء
֪Ƣԣˮ¾Ҳ
ǿ䣡
й£Ҳֻ䱾˲Ȱס£
ٿرýʱǱͻȻʵżǿĴ͸ҽˣ
һʱ䣬˿ȥ
ֻħһ


196 
֮ƣŵģͬڴ˴еţǰⶼһˡ
Ϊ׵ģһϮµԽʱС
⻹λħҳεġ
˿ƿҳʱЦúϲ£졣
һ̬ȣֻ֮ˡ롯ݺ󣬶Էȴͬ躮ʱദ״̬
ҳ۽΢ٶȶ֮ǰҪȴľеûڡ
Ȼ
ˡ
һʼ˲·
ڡҳߴΧһһɨ֮ϡ
֪̫
˼ˣҳֽĿתһˣͬԼк΢Цƽ
ͣˮʣǸյĹҽ
ް쳣ı飬֪ϴӦþˡ
ԣܵ˵ǡ躮ǡ롯ƶ֪ѣδı䡣
һֱֻһ˶ѡ
һ޽ٵĽ˼졣
ҳӡ䡯޷ӵ롯ĳȸһ͡
˵һ˱仯ԴܹΪͬˣ˭š
Ǿⲻֻ֮ת
һ˷Ľƺ¡

ҳ֪룬ȻͬԽһ񣬿κ״
Ǵδı䡣
֮˲ߣҳ㲻ԾüвһĨֻڤܶ˼Ϊ
ڳĶͨˣοȫעһϣȻǿһĻ
ҲħһУǷҲ
˾ҳϿ˼Ϊԡ
鶯ǳ
Ǵδڡ䡯Ͽ顣
Ҳ֮ǰԷ֪䡯ͬ롯йȴûаͬһǷ룬ǲǸĵӡͬɱħʹϵ
Ψһ֪ˣĿҳһۣ˵ᡣ
û˫עӶܴи֣ܵ˵ŵˡ
ܵڤݵĿ⣬ҳĵֹסķ
˵պm⣬֪ݣͻȻ룬ڤȴֻƮƮһ䣬˭ҵСܵˡ
ĩ˾ֲֻ
뵽Щҳ򵥻һ˲֮ǰڤ۶жȤҲΪˡ
***
գڹҽסԼԸס˺m
ҳڤ۸һ뵽m־ͱǣסͷۣ漴ô
ڤ۲δ˵ȥ
mһˣڼһûмʡͱˮǴȥء
Ϊŵĵַδ䣬˾ǾܾĴ죬ǰء
Դˣڤҳ޵ȥ
ڤҳϱһ١
Щڴϴʱʶһ޵һЩеûġ
ڤۿֲֻδɿҳҲֻ˳ŶԷһ·ߡ
һ˲ҳ㱻ŵ˴ϡ
ҳͬԷ˵䣬ϵ٩ڤҪǿȡˣ
δȥкЦ
ڤ۴һۣЦ˳ĻΣ
֪ڤۻ˳˵ȥҳ΢ЦͲұȥ
һ˵ü۶
ô
˳ԼҳۣȻǡ
Ļڤ۶˵ģ˲һᣬű˵¡

֪ڤۻֻΪܻһ˺壬ҳʣҪȥ𣿡
ڻزڤ硢ʱأҳ⣬Ҳ֪ȻˣӦǲôߵġ
ڤȴֻƳһۣϲͣ꣬ʱ뼸УΪƣ͡
ҳɻ
ɻڤͬӣ漴״ƲΪգ
Էҳʲô˼
ڤ۲ͬ󣬡Ŵ˴ڶ࣬Žе
Ĺϵ֮ħ硢ڤȻ٣˱ǲΪ档ħ硢˴γħλħ
ⲢûʲôͬѰ֮Ȼҳȴڤ۵Ļ֮⡣
磬Ҫ˵ġҲֻгһڰˡ
ҳȻֳ֪ʦȻᵽ
ڤ޷

ҳһ֮䡣
˼ˣҳס
ڤһжΪǵˣλ磬ҲΪ
ĪģڴʱӿϣҪһԵк
ҳƵӵסˣԼ˶ԷĻرȥ
ôˡͷڤư㣬Ʒļ¡
ҳøˡ
һЦ̾С使ˡ
ͻȻҳû˵Ҳ

ǰҳ벻ԼгһҲһʰϲһˡ
ȫĵ벻
Դˣҳָֻоƺޱã
޲ܸһźá
ʶڤ˵ʱûз֮ҳ쳣˵һ䣬ֻ㽿

ʱʱ⣬ȴٰΪʢȻʱ䣬´ʱ˿̶æһš
Ϊҹҹ׼
ܹģǸˣĵطύ߽ǿ
ʹ಻ͬϰķʽͬҲܴ򵽲ĵá
ͬʱҲǷһ緢룬ôǰԭ򣬲Ϊά
ϴʢᣬ׼ʢˣûжʱ佫ô˾ۼһ
һεĲֳͬˡ
һֱῪʼÿն磬иΪڽû˳еĽ
˾ͱø
ԴΪ⡣

¡
ˮĿݵ߽֮ϵķ
㳯ȥĵ㰲ŵġɶ׼ˣ
ԣˮͷϵı黹Ǹӡ
⸱飬㲻ͻ֣ȥɡ
ˮδ뿪վڴԵЩ
üл˵
£ˮһ˵εᣬΪҽ𣿡
ӱ֪Щ࣬ˮһʱ֪ôƺˡҽˡ֡
㹴Ȼ
ˮӳˣڤۡ
ͥԺУǿˣǵڤҽ⣬ҽƺҲͬһǹϵǳ
Ҫ£ʱڤԲ˵
ǹҽҲδػӦ硣
ˮĵطˡ
ǵ˼᲻֪ɨˮһۣٶȥ
֪ʹԼڱǰ˵ô࣬ҲΪԼеˣˮѾ˾ҲͲȰȥˡ
˵ôΨһһµġ
ҲֻֻСˣɶԷڤ۵ˡ
ţˮҪ߳ʲôͻȻסתͷֵһ䣺£һѾˡ


197 
ʱڤ۱ҳںmϢ߻ǿŴӴ
ˣӲš˯ģڤ۸ȥرС
ҳٵգգۣǾ˯Щˡ
ϴεչ˯ǰգԼͨҽҳЩΪʲô״ˡ
뵽⣬Ծһ䣺ࡣ
ҳڤۡ
̶ֻŶԷ˯ãǱ˯á
ҳ˵Щʲôӹͷ˭֪ڤ۵һ仰ʹ˹
ֻҪʱűǡ
ҳһ֪ʱ˵ʱؿһۣڤԼбЦ漴㡣
ҳתʱŲһ䣬һֱ
ڳŵ֣صĿǡ
һԻҳǿˡ
ⷽ棬ڤʦͨ˵ѵ˵Ƿ켫
һ仰Լµ˵Ҳһ仰Լ˵Ŀʼðݡ
ˮðŵݣ˿˿ͬһ㡣
һ񫡣

ҳڤһͬǰ硣
ֱĴʱŷȫ롣
ħǣҲòˣʦڡ߳Ļͯһ쳽ʦǡ
ģһ볡в˶Ͷ˹
ڼͬȻΪڤ׼λ
ҳǱߣǱȥȴڤ۽ס
ͬ
ԣҳĽ΢٣󣬻ǵá
˵ţҲͲǰ
죬뿴ĿУҳͬڤЯһ
ˮ̾ˣ¶ˣҲ÷ˡ
ȻգҪȥɫֻɫһ˲δ˵ʲô
ǳȸķӦˮشλվɸͷۡ
üһȻλˡ
ȻΪħüʱȸвʲô£ѱ˿̲ᡣ
ڳȸϲˮҪȱ»裬ϾԷǸɿصء
ԸҪȥڤ۵ǲźãȻ˭ס
˼죬ħһҲͬ
ҽһڸᡣ
ǹҽ˰

󣬹ҽеνһǧʤǰ
ϧǱҩȵҽɻҪѼʶѵõһжôļˡ
ϴΪŸϻسڡʱҽѴ뿪һ쳽Ϊ
˵ҽ˳ڼΣǶ޴ӽӴЩϴûжԷ̸ǰûڲ
¿ҽ˾˸ͷҽˡ
ǿҽ˸ڤ߹ˣҪǶλ𣿡һ˿ڵ
Ӧáһ˽ӻ˵һ룬ת˸䣬Ŀţҽôôڤԡ
ǣһ⡭
һ֮ͬԲϹأ̬Ȼͺ񡭡ϰΪӡ
ЩΧ۵˾áǲԼ̫С˵㡣
ڵǿеĽ̸ִ΢٣߲ɱ֮ײ
ҳʦĿʱ˿ߵֻͬԷ΢ͷ
ͷⲻԾСͽ¶һǳЦ
ʦͽһЦ
***
ҳãһǸԼס˼·ȦһоͱûȻ
ֱŪȫӭж⡣
еĽ̸ŷĿЪһʱ˽עŵλǰʱϡ
ҳӭŽ˽۹ͶʱͬԷ˸͡
һġʦ𡯱㱻ô˳ޱ뽭С
δŵһʦ𡯣û׶ֻԷһ֪ͣڻԼ뵽Է߿ڡ
Сͽܡ

ͬʱҳֻŶ𡮶һ
һ˲ϵͳ޻ʵĵ֮
ʦ𣺽100
һ£ҳסܿϵͳĹϲ
١
ֻһ䡮ʦ𡯶ѡ
ҳ۽޲˲

ۺʱһʱ׼ȷ仯ڤ۲ͬʱǰýԶһ滨Ƶҳǰ
һڶԣ˿˿˽ҳ֮ͬһЩ
˳ڤ۵Ļҳʶȥһ滨֡
ڳǸѱٹȶģʱû˻ЩֻһҺ¶ʱһЩϵ
֪ǳںԭ
ҳȥ滨ֵͬʱڤһһֻ֣˸һС
˻ע⵽һĻ˲Яһľٶһʱ˶ڲ²⡣
ҽͬڤ۵Ĺϵһš
û˽ֻڤ۵ĺ󷽣ʲôˡһ֮
ԲǼ򵥵¼ϵ
롣
˴ߣҳվӣڳµһ滨ֵʱֻƽʱŴĸʱȴЩζŵİɫƤ̫塣
ôҳüͷ𣬾ڤʣʱ̲ڿԼʱܹ״
ԣҳͷʣµ滨ֳ꣬ɻ£һֻǽڷɾ˹
ڤָ̽е滨ֽ˹ȥ
ҳתͷͼڤʮȻİѴԼߵ滨ֱȥ
ҵһڻҧ治ɫĽ֮¡
ҳڤȻǿ滨ֳˡ

֪䣬ͽȻһ䡣
ҳܹ˲̽߻ڤС
ô˵£ڤ۱ô
ȥֻŶԷϲᡣ
ҳ΢Ŀԣڤ۲Ŀֱֱܺóԡ
ĪģڤۻֵЦ֮⣬˫ԼƺپһЩҪӯСͽ繡
ҳƲЩߡ
ΣššüϿۣյ滨֡óԡ
ҳ⻰ͬڤ۳˵ġ
滨֮ǰڤĲ̫һҳȷʵûĺóԡ
߸˵꣬׷ɢߴ滨ֳ£һ
˻һ˽һ١
ټĵڣ˶Ǽ򵥵ݣǽ¿
ǣڤλʢĹҽ˾һ滨ֲóԣʾһ䡣
ⲻò˼֡
ǻ꣬ĺ󻰱ǡýи˵˼֤ʵֻ͵ҽȥ
˵գңңҳۡ
Ƭ̣ٿȻʲôһתŶһŵˮȥϾѡ
ˮ⻰˲ˡ
ϾѣɲϲġǸĳʳ¼ˮҲע
Ρ
Ҫͬڤ۶ˡ
ţˮĽҳǱɨһۡ

ҳҲûϵͻȻڡ
Ůܿ콫ǰݴߣѸֶһϾҲһһϡ
ϵͳĵһ
Ƿ
ⲻµص㣬ҳԭעߵߣ·ΪЩϷζʮԡ


198 
ǰڷһϾѣӨ͸ϻŵˮ飬ҳ˶١
еϾǱ֭ζʮȷʵϲġ
ҳɳ׿ۣ𴽣ͬһۣ߲ƳҳڤۣǵЦˡ
бߣڤǳɫĵһ䣬𣿡
ڷ㻹δתĿע£˹Ĵȡһѣϸ֮ȥƤֱ̧֮˵Ŀȥ
㣺
벻һ֭ˮڿǻҳϸƷζһ
Ϥζ
ɻٳһţߵĻһűС
ҳӦµͬʱĿȥڤۣɨ۶Էջȥ֡ҪΪȥϾѵƤɡ
ŵ˵棬ҳֱ㽫ڤǰŲԼߡ
һٶЩҪٿȥϢġ
Ҳ뵽һ㺬塣
ڤ۷ǵΪҽιݶԷΪܿʵǶࡣ
벻ĻǣڤˣҲᶯġ
ίʵ

ҳڰѷŵԼǰȻߴ˲٣˿
ĩˣһתԼԵڤۣȻ뵽ʲô
²ֹΪҰɡҳۡ
˽̸˽Բҿʶҳ˿˵Ҳֱס
ڤֶⷬԷҪġѸµļơ
Ѹʲô
ͬιʳģ΢ЩͷԵģǶ֪
۷ŷϾѣٶǡʾȨ
ҳβ΢΢𣬿
ڤҲϣ˿˿Цƺ˵㿴ˡ
״ҳݸܾɵڤۣ治紫еǸڤ֮
ƴӳ𣬶Էδйı䡣
ҳ򴽣û˵ʲôŵ˶˵Ҳûȥǰϰڷŵĵġ
ֱ۷mʱڤǰ§ס˵࣬ʣõ٣
˵ԼĹעҳǲڤ۶ӣ֪ǿڵеĲͬѰҳһٺ󣬵ûʲôθڡ
˵׼ģҳ̫ãٲȻǲܾ˵Ͼڤ

θһ¾ʹ˽ҹն磬Ǹ໥ύٰĻ͡
ȻҳǲȥһֱںmС
ֱ˵Űݷá
˳ҳϣڼǰú뿪ˣĽݻǡںŹġ
УҳŶԷ
ҲйٽĽݻ˵ҽдǰݷʵ
ĽݻҲֻͨҽкΪ֮֮仹ЩδˣԲŻصˣҽˡ
ǴǴʶֱ˺m
ҳڤδ֣ĽݻҲ࿴
ҳϸƶԷɫ
ҽ˿ǿʲôĽݻԼɳ뵫˵޷ϴ
ҳЦ£Ľݼأ岢޴󰭡
˵ţƬ̣ȻֻĽݼտȥʲôط
ҽͣ٣ĽݻͣĿԣֻͷĩ˵ȥһˡ
ҳˣ
Ľݻͷ
һʱţҳû˵Ŵӽȡһ
õ

Ľݻ뿪mлŹҽƿЩ࣬󲽳ȥ
ڼС
ҳûйĽݻĶȥģڤ۴ڵгʱⲽǰ漴Եλá
ĽݻϵӦǲСմȾϵġĽݻĵһʱ䣬ҳͲˣ޶ԴΪУǹҽݡ
ҳմȾйӴ
ӦĵҩԭĽݻĴмʱΪ˲ٽȣܽҲ١
ʦ٣ºĽв̶ͬȵӡ
ҳԴ˲ûйĹעĽݻЩ⣬ڤƳ΢ӣ§סһڡ
֪ڤûɿ룬ǴŴ˵䣬̽ҳĴ졣
ڼ
ҳûоܾ顣
Ҳȷʵ棬ĽݻϵǴմȾģŨܿմϵʱ䲢ȥġܻĵҩ
ûŪĽݻǱߵ״ӺζҳԼȳ⣬ʱص˯š
ͱڣŸͬڤһЩʳĥһʱ䣬塢ž˯˹ȥ
ֱӱ˯ʱ֡
е;Ҳǻ˯ִЩʱŸտʼ˰̡ƴ֮ʱ۳˯ȥ
***
ҳѹĵһʱͱһԵ˲ˣת۾Ͷӹڤۿ
״ҳҲ£ЩȻû˼ȥͬڤ۶ӣԾĿ⣬ҹҲԡ
͵͵һЦҳ͡
úҳԽҡ
Ҳ֪ŸյһͱжܣǼϣòʱȴֻס
ԽȥҳԣĬĬֻƫͷͬڤСˡ
ڤü
ߣҳһᣬ۵գ㴦á
䣬ֻһЦɤƺЩóѵζĿĴɡ
ҳسڤֱӹȥ
Ȼһ˫ʢЦ
㡢ҳһʱʧ֪Լڤ۵ס
Ȼ˵ģҳǲᷴڡ
ºƻꡣ
ҳ͵رڤһ˹ȥ׿ŽԼˣǽ˯ţֵΣ
վ㣬˲ת˲˯ϡ
˯ȥģڤ۲ѲŽ˷Ź
⻰ҳᶨᡣ
ֻһΣᷢڶΡ
żı֤ڤٿȻЦЦɢ͵ͳɤؿڵҳǳǳ̶ͷһ䣬ˣǱʮڴ
һһʮֱ֡˵Ϊء
ҳڤ۱Цš


ڼûһ뿪ͬڤ۶һ˺m
ΪйҽᱲģڣѵõĲڤۣҲȥƻӶԷȡȡЩʲô
һֱʼġҳݣٵʡħڤ뱣ˣֱĵۺ󡭡
ƵƵͬڤĳ棬νǸпĶ࣬ҳǹ֮ࡢ˵ݡ
ЩҳһŲ֪ڼһ˲֪ӦĽݻǱϢ
մȾ״Ӻζ
˻˴ڼѰ˸λ̬ͬûʲôڤۿǰͽյķһһ֪
ĽݻϵǴմϵģڼ˵ţǸˣѱŵĺλӡ
ĺءڼ󣬵һƬţ㳯׿ȥ
ͼҳ֪ʱ˯ˣͷڤۼͷ˯հȡ


199 
ڤۡ
Ϸ࿿Ļ棬ڼԾһûټ˵ȥǲȻ˯ˡ
ڤֻ·˿ۣյߣڼὫ˺m
ֱ˴ڨڨڣǸô˯ء
һ˵͵͵һڼȴɫ糣δʲô״
ˣˡ
ڼӦѾˣϾڤۿеˣ졣
ἰˣ˿ѾСķŵ˴ϣԱߵǵϥڴһ࣬һֳڴصڤۡ
ΣһͲŵ𣬡ô˯ˣ
ڤ۴עűһ·ش֮ˡͷβûѹ
ãεڤ֮ڴɢڤ̧ʱڤ֮ĶУ̶ִҳһֻ֮֡˽ȥ
ֻڤ֮͵һ룬ڤ۵ĶٿȻסۿŵˣ˸żâ
ڤ۵˯ŵϣջƣ۵¶˿졣
ӰϣܵһɡͬԴ

ҳٴʱҹĻʱ֣еҹ鷢ӨӨ⣬һƬ
ͬʱߴһ䣬ˣ
֮ǰκʱһ
ÿܻ˵Ϣĵһˡĵһ仰ֻڤۡ
ҳƫͷԼڤʱգۣ˯ˣ
ڤ۶˹͵͵Ӧš
˯ˡҳظһ飬üҲ΢΢š
䣬ոšüͱһֻԴָⴥڤָüӹ
ҳץץڤ۵֣ʲôʣڼ˵ʲô
֪ڼҪ˵йĽݻϵһ£ջغmδȶԷڣֻһӿûеֿر˯˹ȥ
ڤ
ҳţ
ӭɻߣڤڼᵽġ
ĺأҳͣô磿
ĽݻմȾȻǴĺȾġĽݻΪ£
ҳڣͼڤԼΪרעΪ㿴ң
ȻֻŶԷʣ˵һ޹ؽҪĻ⣬вʣ
ԣҳһ١
***
Լ壬˽ĻԼ
ֻڤҳԼʶԵ⡣
˯ЩΡ
Ҫ˵ģҲûʲôĲԡ
˼ˣҳţƬ̲ſڣûУֻǡ
˵꣬ڤʱһ䡣
ת䣬ҳʱЦЦԼŵĶԷ£Ҳʲô£ǽոоûʲôθڡ
˵ģҪʳڤһʳϰߣҳŻдһԡ
ЩҲȷʵʲô£ʳҳûҪˡ
ڤϴ˵棬ίʵ棬ҳûиеﲻʡʱʱ档
Ҫ˵
ìˡ
Ǿ棬ʱʱ˯
뵽ҳ΢٣ڤۡ
ôˣҳһ˵һ߷ſסڤ۵֣׼ԼԼѰŸհɿ
һ˲ڤ۵ֱٶۡ
ҳؿһۣЩЦ

ϰڤʱʱҪЩɾٶҳҲ㲻Ļһֻ֡
һֻԼڤۿŵֵֻʱһϢ
ҳ˶Ϣ֮У˽ȥ
ǡʱҲΪԼ
ֻƬ֮ҳü̽Լϵֻδ
Ĭ֮ʣڤѯʣΣ
ҳ̧ڤۣ˶ʲôҲû˵
˵ȴͬʱΪԼ̽
ӦָԲ̡
ҳͽȻһٿرɿ֡
ôᡭ
ҳһʱֻͷԷΡ
ڤỽһ
ҳͷţڤ§˻С
ǳٴİ
ҳһ󷢽
ϵͳҳȻԺнһǾþûܵõӦ
δõϵͳĻظҳֵһ䣬ϵͳ
Ǻ޻
ˣҳʲô׵ġ

ҳϵͳ̳бӦеһʱע䵽ǸνġԹ⻷ϡ
Ҳȷʵһ㱻Եˡ
ҳ״νӴⱾʱһжۻҵıǩУһΨֱ֮ġ
ӡ
뵽⣬ĵȻ𣬷ŻԸϵͳðͷ
ϵͳ侲
ҳһʣ侲
ϵͳ
Ǳ仰ص壬ϵͳֲ֨ˣ·ߡ
ҳһͣͻȻ;ӵϵ˽·ҪѪ
漴һ䣬
ҳڤۻ˵ԸΪᵮã


200 
ҳ˿̵ʧǰڤ֮ڣһĨԴԼ̺ʱڤ۾֪ˡ
İ
á
Դˣҳڤ۴ʵĿѯ
ҳһ
ĬƬ̧̣ۿڤۣ㶼֪ˣ
ڤ۷ŵһʣ³ԷӦ˯ʱͲ塭
ڤδֻǽӵԼҳ˶٣ֿŴһ䣬𣿡
͵͵ģ
żڤ۵ʹڻ֮˵ķ⡣
ҳڵȣڤ۵һش
ڵ֪Լڤ۵Ѫһ˲䣬ҳѵõˡ
ŲŻȥϵͳȷһͬϵͳЦҲȫЦԼȻ޶ˡ
֪ġ
ţڸǰӰ£ܿЩٴθ£ڤ۵
ţż˶ԷĻش𣬡κζİҪ

ڤ۵Ĵ𰸼˲䣬ҳ㱻ݺݴˡ
벻⣬˵ıǲġ
ûʲô벻롣
еֻǡ
ҳԸԸ
һʼˡ
ҳڤ۵Ĵʱȥס˶ԷĲ
룬ڤʵ̫֪ôԸˡ
ԷǰѡȨԼУӲȣ֯һһݡ
Σãҳڣ仺˵ţԸ
ɤĻش𣬴˵繣

գҳѾ˾ȴⲻЩʴӡ
رǰ硢Ϊ˲μᣬڵ֪СһĴں󣬼û·߶ڤ۶ֹ
ҳ޷
ĩˣ̲ס˵һ䣬ǲȥĻ᲻ᡢ
ڤЦձһ£ᡣ
ԣҳҪ˵̶ֻڤ۵Ĵ΢ƫƣĴĴ˹ֱֱĴϣһһ̽롣
Ϊҳһʳԣ˵õڤ۴ΪСһˣʶ⶯˶û
ȻЩڽȴΪ˸ļҳǰӭСѵ׼
ڤҲǳֹſҳ󣬲ԡ
ҳ˲Ŵ󣬶ʱȣлţȥ㲻ȥɡ
磬Ҳȷʵûʲôòμӵġ
ڤ۹飬Цһ䣬ܿ
***
ҳΪڤ˵Ŀ죬ͻ
Զ롣
ҳںmд˲꣬ûڤ۱۷ˡ
ҳ΢Щ죬ô
ڤۻڵ齺ߣûֱӻشҳ⣬ɵȵˣ
Ѿϰһ˴ţҷҳӼȻķڳһɡ
Ϊڤ֮ĹϵʮֽܣڤƵڤ֮ҳҲΪУԺܿ׹ǹɡʲô
ɲǳԤǸСѡ
ϧʱղҳҲûͬϵ
ֻۡȫϹϵˡ
ҳҡҡͷصۡ
˵գԼոڵ֪ڤۣбϲ
ⲻڤ۵ãѪ
Ƕ˹ͬĽᾧ
뵽ҳⲻԾȾһƬ
ȻǡڴʱٿȻӴϱ
ҳʶ§סڤۣҪȥ

ֱڤ۱߳mҳľ޼ŵʱڤۿڣڤ硣
ڵڤ۲ȷռ֮չʱĲİӰ죬ʶʱİ취ٳľޡ
ҳʣỹûҪǰ뿪𣿡
ʵ˵ԼжҲ޷ģ̧ʱڤǷͻȻһת
ҳڤ۵°ͣͻȻȥҧһڣ磬ΪôһȦˣ
ڤۺʣ߿Ȩʾܹ顭
һ˵ҳŴ
һ仰Ʈߡ
ҵġ

ҳ֪ڤͬ˵ģֻ󣬲ʱڼҲ̹ˡ
ľ޴һ뿪߾ȥ
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201 
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ǶĺصеЩˡ
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෺ľҲΪԣƺǱʲôţ·ܽѪⶼ顣
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202 
벻סҳ㶣̶ڤۿԺҲͲٶ롣
ЩŲմϰˣʶȥס˶ԷĲ
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203 
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ҲʱҳѰᣬüë֮˿ȥ飿
ԣڤ۴۵ŵЦСᡣ
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ҳ˵ţֻϱһֻֿסڤ۽
ڤ۵Ķҳ΢̶̧ͷ
Ҫʱϱ΢ָᴥ£ڤһƬ䣬ĿҪ˳Խȥ㡣
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ҳ۽գһ£žͼڤűɤи͸һ˵ƣĪҪǻ𡣡
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ڤ繲һϢͬ磬ܿյڤǰμӴ顣
ڤ飬Ϊ֣ء

ҳڤ۶طͳμڤ֮ΪԷһ仰ܸܵ١
ڤΨһһعĴڣУԴŲת
ڤ׿˵ġڤ˵档
Ϊ˸еκθڤ۽ǰһӦڼʰˣЦͬ
ҳȷʵڤӰ죬¼ȱҲûж˵ʲô
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204 
ҳӲã뽫Ҫһ˺ޱĳ顢̻¶Լʲô⡣
ȻһзڤۿĳȴǲС
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ڤƺΪ˵Ĵ鲼õ쳣ϲ죬Ĵܿɫɴᣵ׺̨ͤ¥󡢸дϲֹ롣
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ܿһůС

벻ڤ۱סٿϵĴϲۣҳʲô׵ġ
ͬʱֻͷϷڤǳǲ˿ȥ
رİҪһ˶
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ҳͬ۾ǳɻɡ
ڤΣͷ΢ʣЦŻأá
Ϊ֤Ϊ
ҳޡ
ᷢΪ򣬹ء


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