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һΪ֮ǰսս
ΪͽŮС
˵·ֻҪô֣Ҫô
ȻźһֹڿԼˡ
ϲˡһƸۣתͷץһӵҽлᶡ
ûˡ
ķлһ죬һ˹нǵĶԻ
һ˫ԣ֮ͬΪţҵȱҪΪǽѣܹϲеŮǶҪ㣡
ȵȣ˫ʲô
һֱһٴɫҽлᶵ۾˲ˡ
#˶ΪǶռȺɫħ#
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#Ǵү#
ݱǩԹ ̾ ֮ ð
ؼ֣ǣһлᶩǣک
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⣺Ůܶ
vipǿƽ
һˣƵ񹬹֮ӡһսսΪͽŮСò׵Ҳףֻ֮˵ԼϲˣתۿϳֹеТµһмҽлᶡһΪѾˣû뵽һԴڹеŲǴͬ˫ˣĴԽŮбŮΪ㣬һܡ˫塱ҥţҽлҲԴŲɡΪȹвһҥԣֻҽƵСҩܴ·һҽлһ·֤·֤ɣ·뷴·пɹıЦ


1
Į񹬡
ߵŮʤѩɨʱ毺õһ࣬ؿ¶һĨѩ׸˵ߣ֮毺ãʳڣ˼ⲻҪ̾һȻȥµȵĴɨˣٿұλڵŮӣһŶһ˫һۺﻹݣ·˹ӣ׽ȥ
ĨġģȺԸŮҲһ˫
ڣǼȫ˷ǸϡֻҪӷԸǲκԥͻȥִС
˷ڣ˵ӣŮӣֵܹĶ޼
ȻУЩŮӿ񼸺ֻڶǱѾѧϲŭɫܱ̬ⷬ
ȥɡӵԸ
ǣŮʲԸĿһۣҲβѡ
ûܹʵڿϧ
ȵЩŮͳͳ뿪ⷿƺϵ
΢΢üƣԭյĴһ򿪣ſ޵ҲʧӰ١
֮ǰˮ/㣬ôģϧιʽõ죡ӣҲ񹬼ειһڴϣסԼΪӡ
Ǵ˿ܸ߸һһһҪúóһΡҳ϶.ǵĻ~
ǵģ.
»ôͷ˵
ǰҲûȻƲǸ߸˧ҲСû뵽˯ʹԽˣһԽʹԽ硣Ϊֻҵˣ˭ûһΣ˭߱ڣ£
մ׶֪Լʱһǽһˡ
û죬һǼͬµĭǲɫҲһˡ
ԽĵطʥأҲһĶΪ񹬡񹬹ˮһ书£Ҳ°ܽ
һΪĶӣλεľӮҾ籾
ǣƫƫиǣ
񹬣ͬЩС˵ʲôˮƻһֻŮӣ书ŮС
ŶҲ˵ûˣ磬ҪҲŮ䲻ǣˣ˵ģЩҪѧϰĲʲôı£黭ҲָЩܹ񹬷ΨһãǵʮͿ.֡
Ҳǣ.
յӷ棬˵Ը㡣ȻҲһЩŮӤӣŮӤޣһܹϰϵաÿѡһЩŮӺһЩòǶ˽ϣĺ˲ŵļʾҪߵöࡣ
ȻˣЩŮӻ̥ʮºŮӣȻ񹬵һӡӣҪ·.ֵĵ·
ȵЩʮ꣬Ҫô̵һӣҪôһЩǮ뿪񹬡
һ͸һ㣬ΪĸǹˮѪǲ뿪񹬵ģֻһӴ񹬡
ߣΪˮ񹬴ɽߡòһţֻһôһӣһ֮ŮӾͿʼһˡ
Ķӣʸһر㡣
Ҫǲ˯һ˯ŮӳǱ
һǲ֪ҲͰˣƫƫǴż䴩ġ
ܹ۾ͿŮɫΧ񡣵ȵ΢һ㣬ŮΪ֣Դף
ֱֲ
ǹĶӣҲǸˣľֻ·Ҫô/֣Ҫô
һֱԼôġ
Թݣûã֪ԭһúþ͹ˡ
ҲԹܣ񹬽ɳĮ֮УܳȥҲǸ
ҲȥϹеˣѹ;˼ãһ뷨֮Աǡ
һˡ
ԭЩƯСǺкøеģôŮΧ㣬ֶǻ˭ܿסһ뵽Ƕ˯ԼģһȫκһС˼ˡ
ȵʮ꣬忪ʼʱÿҪĵľԼ᲻ᱻĳŮӸ˯ˡ
²ס
һѾȫκ嶯ˡ
ǺǣھҲˣԼȶҲֻܹаְ֡
һСͿʼ׼ѧʱͿʼ͵ѧ񹬵书ķΪˮĶӣȻ̳ĸ츳ʱһѾܹһ˿ˡʮʱѾܹ͹ŵһϸˡ
ȵʮ꣬ˮһž빬ߣȫôһӵʱһѾǹĶˮƽˡ
ˮʧ٣һΪṬ֮λꡣһûˮ㣬϶ˮ˽⣬ɹ͵﹬Ĳ֮ء񱦵䡷С
һǰһѹһȡһΪã޵֣ɹ񹬹֮λҳΪ񹬴һλԹ
󣬱һʮգͬʱҲ񹬹֮λļʽ
µӶ֪һһʽΪͲǿԲˡʶ죬ΪùԼԼ˯һ˯⹬ʮ꣬ʮŮӣһí˾ɫΪ˹һ顣
ֻϧͳͳ顣
һϲ˵ҲЩ⡣
еŮȫҲа취˳ߡԽô꣬ŶΪ˱סԼô
ӵ׿ɱŮӵ׸ֵǮ
ȵⷿɢ꣬һŴŰ˯
ҹʱ֡
Ŵ졣
˿
ȻŴ
ֻʣˣѲ˯
ʮ˾书Ϊĺ˵Ҿһιﰡ
ֻȡˡ
峿
һ쿪˫ۣһ˿ϲ¶Ц
ţõһء
һſŵĸŮӣ
һ̵Ĵ·žκǰȾָԼĿܣŽЩŴȡ£䡣
Щϸ俴ҲͨȻһУıС
֨ѽһš
Ȼˢˢվһˣ̬紺֮涷ޣǧ
ǵۿ棬һȦĺɫ
Ҳûʲô覵ĶȦǵסġһҹء
õһ졣
һ˿ĵ뵽
ϧЩҲб
Ȼûа취ƹķֻܻһַʽˡ
Ϊ׵Ǹ߸˿ϣһ΢΢ȴУ
ŮһĴѩ죬ûһճ⹬֮λҲδûһ֮
ͬģҲʶʱһ֮͸ɴһΪġԷҪ˯Լʵһкøеġ
˵աһҪӡ
Ϊ档ѩ췭Ĺ棬мһΣָϸ㣬İپʮһ񹬹˫ʮ֮ǰãع棬Ϊٹ


2
˭
Ķ
ʲô
ֱһģӼըһƬհס
һ̣·үĳЦ
ôŬȻӲ/ֵ
׻˵ĺãҲ졣ֻҪͦסѵǻҶԼӲϹô
˵ˣҲûеɽˮĵزסܼ
ȻΪ¹⹬ȻҲҪĶһһ侲˵ԴЩĿޱ飬޷п̽ĵ
۱ż񰮶Ҫרҵ
治׸Ķ
ĹҪģҲԲܸģ
һ֮ҳ꣬ˮ˹Բܽ˴ηˣɷϣ빬ջس
빬ջس
ˢˢĹһƬȫı飬мԼ˳ƺһ̾Ϳʱȥһ
ιιֻҪϳԾûʲôõĹѰ
ڱҲڸǲǾֻǵҪ˯ҵʵ
һܺ˵һ˵ϹͷϹ棬ȥҲͰˡǺԼĳԹҲûҪǸôء
Щˣʱһ˵Ļ㿴ġ
ͷۡ
ʮͷۡ
һļһ黨ܾô䡣
ƣйǽݡ
Բô׵
ֻһǸֳһį飬漴̾һֶָɢ½ֱƮ޶˵Ķ˼̬
ˣҲǡһԭǲɱģϾôһ͵ڶԼĺ·ɼܲסеЩŮӣʵ̫ƶˡ
һǲСŮӵġ
Ž⣬ŮȨ±ѹ˼ǧ겻ֹֻҪһᣬǾڶ̶̰ڼԷͥ񡣲ʱţǻ𽥽Ĩƽ
Ϊ书ֲѧĶڣŮ֮ҲСˡʶȻŮҲǱȱȽǣǰιĸˮһŮ֮ѹĺڰ̧ͷͿɼһˣ
ȻӲƴֻȡˡ
ң֮񱣬֮áһ棬ϻһ
ʵϲˣҲϲŮˡ
ڣȨ຦ȡᣬҲûѡˡ
¹ŵĹһʱЩ
˵ҺһҲϲ˵ġԵ֮£ٹˡǾԾԲ֮ܺκһ˯ġ
Ϊһ˯һͻǧǧںҡ
޸Ҫ
һ㣬Ŀֵĵһһ֮壬ΪʷĴô
һ⻰һȫѻȸ
ԶԣҪơ
ԾڴˣǻҪţ͹Űա˵꣬һٸκһʵĻᣬתߡ
ҪȥȥԼ书
Σķĵطÿһֵ书һֵıϰ
뿪һûпԭŵĹ֮϶һɸź顣
Ȼô˵ˣǡ
ʦ㣬ѲҪ
̴ţǶ֣ǶѪܰ׷ѣȻϲˣǡǾôɣ
ǣʦ㡣

񱦵䡷оŲķˮڰ˲ʱѾ£ܵСһԳǿʣʮ;Ѿ˵߲㣡
Ȼ߲ܹͻҪյһĹҲһܣԭֻй֪ˮ֮󣬸˵֪һ
һԴ䴩ԽһӤʱ򣬾ˮ
ԭ񹬽⡶񱦵䡷ֳֻйܹϰõľӢӺͳģͨȻֻϰͨˡ
񱦵䡷ˣǿ汾ߵģΪͬһǲκѹӲ߻ħɴˣҲͱ֤˹ľȨһմҲȫȡӳǵĹԼʵӶ񹬣
ˣ˵ĴǼΪҪġ
ˮһ̬֮ȣǽ˾·
һͿ͸ˣĸ׾ǵ͵ΪĵˡˮС˳˳ˮ˵һģˣӣ̬ҲôһǳвòɱĹ涨Ǹӵʱ򣬾ͱˮֱӸɱˡ
ˣˮʧپʧ٣һѹûȥһɽݶڣԼܸι̵񹬡һһҲԲὫ⹬֮λã
䡪
ʯѾһƷ֮»Ϊ촷ۣһ㣬ԾϽ׵ĸ߿գⲻѧȫԽײİţʦѹˡ
չ
һ΢΢ȥͷϵϸԼǲ̫⡣
߲Ѿ۷壬ôҲͻƲˣ»ΪԼʵս̫ȱˡ֮ǰԸһȻ˵书ԼȻʹƣͳƲǳս
ʵ֪
ԼҪͻƣ»ȥӢ۲ǡ
ȻҪǣһҪȥˡ
ô꣬챻ˣ
ֻҪԼ˹ͿԳȥһҲвٵӳڽǱģȻܱ֤µĿ֧
һ뵽ԼϾ.ΣܳȥͶԽĹʽڴѡ
ãεͷˡ
һ˵Լϲ֮ȹƽƽһ졣
жˡ
ûҲûʲô⹦ЧۣߵȺ֮УŮӶĿбӡ
һסԼ۽Ǽᣬѹżȥˡ
ܿ죬ԭĿбӵĹһ뿪ĲӰ֮Ϳʼߴߴ
ƺܸ˵ӡ
ۣǲǹѾ֪Ǹ׼ļδˣ
ŶŶŶпܡ͵﹬һϲҼأԹóǻʱ
ҲǶιİ

Ȼë˵ˮƽû
һŲʮ˵ˣ⻹ǰٹķġʽ˹ٷһ
ϰ֮ĴôԶ֡
ʣʾǲѧ
һȥ˸Ȫ֮󣬲ĻصԼķ䡣
ǹļʽԼຣˡ
ţ뿪񹬺ȥϴԼȥţػ׼һ·أ
꣬ꡣ
һɡ
һѾ
ȻƿţһͲԼķˡ
ţ
һ΢΢üȴôȡ
ǻǲġ
˵ˣǷĻûõģϲСһĵ߽ȥû˵꣬Ѿ˴Ǹֻʣһµˡ
һǰһˡ
ȷϹȷʵǸˣ
ʱ


3
˭
Ķ
ʲô
Һ֮ǰʹԼ
һعٶȳ˿ȥŷЩԡ
ϰĲĴֵָһõĻҪ֣һĲȦһȦסһͷ˰Ǹʲôͷ
ȥ֮⣬Ȼ߰˸Ѩƺһҩζ
ҩһ㶼Ըֵġ
ˣǷ֮
㡭𣿡һԥһ˳
Ƕĳ𣬲񹬵ôԸ˵˷֮ģԸԼҲˮƽˡ
һ˫۾ĶһԶ׼ŭ
һע⵽ĺܺÿһ˫ۣԵùɡ
ͣϣȴԵǡô
ô˵أ˺Ů˶ϲһ
ˣвÿģԼ书Ҳйϵڱѡʮռ߸ɼֵˮƽ֮ˡ
ˣȻԳɫĳ̶ȡ
֮
һתһȦѾµ˵ݡ
û´ĻǸ˷ϱһҽüҽлᶡһ˶٣ֽ⿪ѨƺһЩлᶵȤ£ʮʱΪݻЦЦΪԸеصĵһǰ㣬ͻȥˣ
ʱϢһһӦǡôҲš
ҪлԼˡ
û뵽תת˻ǵˣ˳ȷʵһżƷġ
ǰһΪǽ˴̫ţȷҼĿ
ֻǾٺÿһ˵ҲǸ˰ˡ
ߣС˵ƣԽǺÿ˾Խǻƭˡ
¾񹬵¹лᶵЩ˿Ѿ侲񹬵书ŮУû뵽ˮʧ֮λľȻһˣ
ǺǣŨŨζ
ôˣ
Ҳܶأ
ҽҲ񹬵ġһѵüȥ񹬵Щ/ˡԽϵϢȻ֪һЩվֻǵ;˵
ǰлᶣȥһӵĳƺ֮⣬ӳĻҽȻ󣬵һҽܼ˭ܱ֤ԼжʶлᶶǸֱġ
񹬵ġǲ⴫ҩɳĮ֮еĸҩݺԭ죬ƳҩȻҲԭֵĴΪֻͬû뵽ôǿȻҽҩ
ҽʵ
еĲǾ֮лᶷ̵Ŀһºα֪ʣ
Թе󰡡
һһۣţҲûилᶽ⿪Ѩ˼
ʲôЦ˶͵ˣ׵ǶкġһֲʥĸΪԷúÿͷŹġ
ңһҲһͷ
лʵڳɫܹˮ͹ĵҲǲԡôһǾͲ춢Լˡ
ôһ룬һ˲ת硣
ô졣
ģЦｲĵģǻġ˵ˣ趨ܷĸС˵ﶼǷɣҲаͣһˮһ㣬Ͳϴˣ̫Ľ£Լɱ˿ô죿
ҪǿʳúãͱҪȱ˸ǿڲС
һܹ⹬֮λɲǿڡ
ˡһſкһңлô£
δ䣬ԭڸ֮Ĺа׷׳һ񣬡
ԭлᶣһĸˮϵġ
ǰʮл𽭺òҽһˮûɶڲ٣𽭺Ȼе.Ȥġϧл书ҲҽҪץʵ̫ѡ
ϣʮŮӣǰͿʼ͵͵Ǳлߣ֪˶һӳɹȡлᶵΣΪŮ
ˮʧ٣ЩϺ͵ûнӵֻܼǱһ͹е˵ϲˡ⹬ĳϺ͵һ¹ĵĻˣ̾Ͷл֣
Ϊץסлᶣǲ˹ҩгϺ͵͵ϮлᶵһЩСųɹĽץ˻
ӴȻǲΪԼ
һ룬ˮ˽⣬Ҫлıյƾɫܹǧ谮һ˵ܸܵã
ԭҪл͹еӵģµµá
ڳٳûн񱦵䡷޵ڰ˲㣬ˮԼδܹùҪлڣøмʲôģ˵дá
ֻǶ̶һ˲һԺѾʮıȥ·лᶵġΪޣлΪ⣬ľһ㣬Ū˹¸ĦҲ¡
⣬ˡһ۾˼֮ɫЩץлᶵĳϺ͵ӣ۹͡
л
Ǽʽһǹһе⣬ȴǼģĻӻ֣ˣǵǵĸġ
ǿһ˲ֿ
һõԼҪĴ𰸣룬Ҫúһлᶡ
ǶԷԸףúϣˮ˵뿪ǶԷʶ̧٣ֻȫˡ
䵽ˣȫͷȫβĳȥˣǲ
һԼԼ걣̱༸źȥƭޣԣȥлᶽѣ
л֣ܿˡ
һƿţѾǸΣָлᶽ⿪ѨȴûȥղʽιĳΪĸֹŽ
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ڹˮȥɣʧˣʲôƵͷȥһֻһƽƽС׻ˡ
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л΢΢ۣƺЩţԣ
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ȻҪΪˣزˣ񹬵˲⣬ȴⲻģֻŬ书ԼץҰζЫӰ֮ġ
ʮ꣬ǼҪҲ
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лᶱ˵Щ⶯
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һΨһĴ͸лᶣ˿ƺȥ
лǸ˾ӣԸˣҪġ
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㡭лЩɵĿһһô˲ţһȴ̲סȥ˵ء
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ȱľǷ䣬䷿ͺˣǵط˯
лͻȻ
ɣôƭô
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ˡлƺЩ߳ܣϷ˿˿ΣȻ֬˲Ͷ˼ֶˡ
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ҺҲȻ϶ײһΪҵ뵽ڿ϶еĺˣ
лֱֻһ㡣
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лҪûȥ۲ΰɡӾ綼ôݵģԼҪ㣬ʲôģҪûܵġ
ȷȥһǳȾİôܲӦأ
񹬵شɳĮ󷨱һ꣬δܹӳȥοէлᶣ
ллⱲҲûܹ߳ҲԲԼʲôʧ
лҩ¶ûʲôȻֻһ
һл·Ĵéߣ˵չ˵ʮܵˡ
ȻþĻҪ衣
һ˸Ӧԣȴûб¶һ˿һ·ֻһעлòõѡ
лᶲɵһ˿Ҳˡ
񹬵éȻҲǷͬѰ
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û취ֹŴéޣȫϰߣһμֱû
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лᶱһһδãéռޣܹصĵطࡣ
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ϣϲҵȵһ΢ϵ˵ȻԸ׽Ůӣֻ辶ˡ
һлᶣҲ̰ڳһεģ·ίһ㣬θ׽Ůأ
л˼ûоʹ˷½䱸
ԭϣԵ¹õģû뵽Ը⡣Ǹϵѩ˵ҲգȻԼԸ⣬ҲܺӸ档
ˣǲҪ˵ˡ
һιʱҪһ¹棬ҹ̸£̸ֻֽ
ܶǻ͵ٵӾƶ˶͵ǰ֮
һЩҪлᶸϽ뿪˴Ȼû뵽ѩĻȴﲻݣֱӽһˡ
Ϊ˫ԣܹ֮ͬϹ֮λʵڼޱȣĴҵŮӻҪӼѡҵΪǽѣ岻ݴǡǹлܹº⹬֮λؾܸȵˡѩ̾ѵ
һסˡ
ȵȣ
һֵĶ
˫ʲô


4
һԼԽʮ鷢ģԽľһ磬˫Ժĳ硣
ڣͻȻð˫Բ²ʲô
ͺñӳץ˵ʱץ˱ɽ壬ڰʱ˹أỨʱֱڳһֻƤһ
ȫ粻
һûôźԼĶȻôù
ѩǱȴûôĹһĶ䣬ڼ߶߶
ϣܹһٵŮҲһ˫Գǵ浱ͳ죬պҲֻ䵽һĵزʦԡΪ鲻Ϊȫʶ񹬱Ůӡ
һʱ֪Ǹø̾⻰ڳػǸ²ΪʲôҲҪŮϹϵһԶԡ
ʱˣȥһչδĳذɣô꣬򲻿ٳӡ
á
ѩ˲˵תȥ
ҲԣҪҲʱôһط졣Ȼǲ͸ˡ
һӲԱһȵ
ÿҲ֪˭ˣ
ֻڹϼνĴ֮ͬˡ
һתͷлԭЩǧ֮˲ˣ¶Ϊʵһ档
ɫǿһȺ/Ůֺƶǰһȫϯ
񣬼Ƶǿˡ
лᶵҽòҪɼҽǳκһȡشɾ͵ˣضҲǳڴ˵ġ
ɣлǸҽա
˵֮ǰһмɵ֮ĵĻھѾȫת˶ĪȤ
һԸооҪҲǲС
ΪҽѧʲôлѹûнԼƤҿĶء
˫˰
Ҳֻһ䡣
лᶸû뵽Լ֮Ȼܹģ
бҪȥ
һ֪ле뷨̾ͻὫлᶸߡ
Ĳ˫ˣ
ɶԵôģѩôҲһĴʦ㣬ȻԵĴԣûþˣɴʹ˻ˡ
ʮǰ
񹬡
֮£һֻ֡
ֺֻϸ
Ȼֵֻˣȴжˣֵ涼ȡ
ҵĺӣΣ
֮У¶һ΢԰ףִʮ
˱Ǵˮ
ȻҲֻһѰĹϵԼӵĸװˡ
Ǹк
ҽŮĺӹڵأɪɪ
һֱ壬ľȻǸкѴ̡
Ҫ֪񱦵䡷ιÿһֻһӣҲضŮӡΪڹΪһһΣŮӵʧѣҲΪʲôԽ书ǿŮԽûкҪԭ
ֻǲ֪ʲô⣬ˮιﶼһ봴ʦȼ磬ľȻǸк
һһιֻܴӵӵѡˡ
Ҳû
Ϊֻһӣ⺢زֻۣΪʲôˣֻʲѵΣֻܴӵµĵһŮȻ
ôкˮĿһᣬĿ⼸ˡ
񱦵䡷ӻУһеĲ趼ǰǰιģôĸľŮľк
һŮزˣҲкǿ
ˮСûû뵽Ȼһͷ
ϧ˿̵һΪձ˯֮УȻ϶Ҫġ
ܵأ㻹ҪԼŮզôأβֱӷ죬̫粢磿
ʲôӰɴ೤ˡ
ҽŮġѾ˼˷̹ĻƣĺãܵõһιΡ˭֪񹬴Ůһƫƫ˱
ûа취ŮˮĿ΢У۾һ˿ɱֻߣֱ˵
ɣҽŮӤʲô֮ģ⺢Ӹճı˸ǿ϶Ҫһغġʱǹ׷Ȼǣضһ
ʦк⡣Ȼкɱк˲
ΪкɱӣЩɱŮк
벻취Ҳ뿪ˡˮȻԼĴ᷸ôдȻǷҽŮ
ҽŮ¡
˺һҽŮŲΡΡ˵湬һϼϳȥӺŮ֮⣬ʵһ˫ͬ壬ŮӣҲУΪ
ͬ壿ˮĸ֣ɫѿǸ
һЩСΪӡҽŮæ͵񹬱ӻɳĮС˫ҹʧֺ
ˮĬˡ
˼Ŀԡ
Գ¿һЩҩŮӡ˫֮˲֪ˣ±պ󣬹ᣬδزٶȻС
Ҳգôɡˮһв˶Ҳķк֮¾й¶֡ˮվͬҽŮ
˫ԣҲкǿ
ˮѹͿκˣ˲ǹߣ֮֮ȥˡ
ȥ׼
δ䣬ҽŮͻȻһɾʹ
嶸Ȼڵأ֮ѣʹʹκ
ֻˣܱܡˮ赭д˵ĸģİɡ
ˮ㡭㡭
һ֪ΪԼĶɣʹԺвΪҩԵʱòвŮĻܼһ˿ĸ׵ľ
˿̣һ˹ĵĸ
һҹû˯
ʱ˹ԼֹŹԣ˯ŵ˲񾭴ְɡ
һͻȻ˺ܶ顣
ǰΪԼܹ˳ι֮λΪԼ书ڣǿԼ֮ǲŻԼóϷ
ΪѹûнԼӿǵýÿˣ
ǰûע⵽һЩСϸڣǴԼûʲôԴԼǰȥȵȣǰΪΪǶԼͼı죬ԭΪǸûз˼
ӣȫҪһιˡ
һκģ˸ַ̣˻װ磬񹬵Ĵ
ⱾһʢĹʽ
ȻҲȷƵһʢļʽ
ֻΪǵǸˣ˿Ĳɰˡ
£ӣμ
һǰˢˢһƬ
ȥڶʾ֮ʣһعˡ
԰
Ѿ񹬹ˡ
񹬹˵һȨһˡ
ֻҪһ£Щ˱ضҪĻŲɵġ
ӡһڹ֮λϣĿµĳϼǣޱȴװ赭д˵
һ͵͵̧ͷһһۣ漴ɿͷȥ
һ˲䣬һѾɫ
˵ǡô˵ţЦشȷӡ
Ӣ䡣
ٷ磬һһΰӡ

һһĵȿֺĳιƨ
һȴԽԽ̡
˵Ҳδ̫ˡ
ŨŨĳǸʲôô°
Ǹ˰
үǣ


5
һۡ
ԭΪΪ֮󣬵ȴֻСԼǸˡһ⡣ǵȵĳΪ񹬹֪֮ԶԶûô򵥡
˿̰ǰ˵ģ񹬵˱
ոռιĵ죬ǾͽȨ˳ôǺϸ¡
һ˿ȴԸǲҪôġ
С˵չֵֻн˵Ϳ⣬Ƕ˵ÿǰΣʲôԹʲôıƣӡ
ԣûӡ
˵úãĸ䡣
ҪһϰӣҪķѵԴ൱ġ
Ҳ˵ʳסлѣ˵ӵܲ˼һֱľɡһˣҪһǽԼı磬ζϰ֮󲻾ãͱҪ䱸ñ
ʲôʱ򣬶ǰġ
һЩ˼ңһͷһǿԵɴұġ
˵Ϊָԭ𻵡
⣬ϰ֮ΪĴ㹻ʳ﹩Ӧ˵ǳˣ᲻
һӵĻѾҪ֮࣬οôĵӣ
񹬵ӶΪŮӣҪһ֬ǮȫΪ񹬵濼ˣѲǶ񹬵ͷߣһͷô
һѵķ˱
񹬵Ŀֻⷿʣǧʱ˲Ҫιȥ
ĵӼǧʳǧҲ͹¡
ôô٣һ̲ס˵¶֮ɫѯʵ
ûǴĻλܲɪɪϣšĹµӼ˶Ҫߵȥճ֮⣬κˣ񹬹ɪɪٳǮ
ѾҵȽʳ֮Ŀ֧ˡɪɪ񲻹ʮͷΪֲѧĶڵʱȫŮһᡣɪɪȴԳ˼̬һ֪Ҳù
ϸϸ˵һǰܹеʱ䶼Լ׺ˡ
ɪɪԭ˱¹ɱ׼һȴǸǷǷģҲм֣æһһʮ˵
ɪɪ˵Ҫձѡ
ǵġ
һû
ʵϣɻҲǿձ棬΢һĻӵԼȻĴȡա
񹬵ҪһЩ
Ϊ񹬵شɳĮޣɳĮ֮С˵⣬ǵһԡ
Ϊʢʯƥϵȵȣԭ֮֮ءȴ·;ңԶʶҲǲǽһ·Ͻ񹬣񹬱ᱣ̶ƽ
ǮƣûУ񹬱š
һҪѾȫûˡ
һΪˮ뿪/ңЩ̶ӣⱣҲղˡ
ⲢҪģһʵǿԽⱣҪĻΪԭ͢·
߾óףѾֻ/˽ˡ
óƣһʱһ⣬ִѧʷɲǰѧġܶ೯Ʊ߾ó׵ľٶֻǰõԼϢϢذ
͢ǰ´ó׵ָǵʹȽˡɪɪҲǷŭ쳣ֻȴûʲôãʣµĲЩСС֡ΣⱣ̶ӵҲ¿һ㣬һӦҲҡ
ܶ࣬Ҳǹ֧ˡһгʲôʣ񹬾Ҫ䵽Ǯõľˡ
ǰ񹬣Ǳ̶ӵ룬һͿʮ£һЩС˰ղˣ
ҼǵҲвٹԭֿ̡һʵ
ڹŴʲô׬Ǯ¥ĳЩͱˣⲻɿȾָģҶ˿͸˵ǱһЩط̸¢ϵġһ˵㲼ƥΣѾ׬Ǯĺ·ˡ
ԭ̶ӷٵʱҵȵ⿪ǲֻõĻ֮࣬ǰ飬ƹ⣬תģһṬ֮λˡ
˵ǰûм׬ۣ񹬿˵Ǻ쳣񣬽ӶϮ񹬾ͱɿռˡ
һﲻ뵽ǸͻȻ˦ˣΪҪ֧ŲȥˣԾ͸ɴ಻˰ɡ
Уǰʧ֮ǰӹʮƱɪɪ̾ʮڣҲԶһЩ׼ˡ
ˣҪûôˡ
ʮ
һĥʧ˻ҪôߣôҪôµô

ǧӸáһվѾȥˣҪܵԭȥأԼԲˡ
Щӣ㣬ŻǮһͷ۲ѣִЩ׬ǮڹŴɲá񹬵ĵλҲעܵ൱ơ
뻹ɪɪ˵ˮƽߡ
һһ䣬ɲʲôСĿ
Ҳܲȥ©
Ǯ粽УΪ񹬹ɲΪ˵Ʋġ
ֲǰЩôĽΪһĪеĲرͼܹһҪһǰһŲرͼҲ϶Ҫȥġ
Ҫ׬Ǯ̫ˣ
ȥɣӵ飬һ취ġһ̾˿ûôΪɪɪ˼
һõĲܿɲҡ
ǣɪɪ¡
һһܵ䳡˼ʱ书ֱڲžЩƣ
û뵽ȻҲҪƶܣ
һᡣ
Ϊأջʱ򣬻СĹһ£俿µλû䵽һѪ
ԭһҪ·ģһ뵽ֻʣǧӣһ·Ҫӣ̾ʹͷ
ϴϴͺˣɲܼܵӣ
ӰӣҪȥأ
ͻȻ뵽лᶡ
ִᣬҽҲǸȺҽӦûǮɡ
˶Լ˵ѹեһ
Ȼһ̫ϲл֮ǰԼ񣬵
ûϿ¶ˡ
˵ˣлڵѨλţֻһߣһĲô
л;ס񹬵һƫһķ䲻ԶſҲвŮء
Ȼˣлʵķϣ¶лᶿǡˡʶûʲôȾֶָŽֹ
û취л̫ãµӵĽڲֲôɿãѵŮã
򰲡
ȥɡһӻ֣Щ뿪
δţѾżŨŨҩ㡣
лᶼȻѡȻҪЩ顣һЩŮв㣬ÿˮӰҲв١лᶿһֹʹҲԵס޷ˡ
ȵȣס޷ѣ
һŷӳлҲһ԰׷ģ
ҩҲṩģ׳԰׺ȰסǧĻлҲҪռһݣ
лҽӹĺаһ뵽ǳԸɷģлᶵͲ̫á
лתͷһ˿εĵжԣǾΪʡ
ͻõݡ
лᶴС󣬼ûö˵һػҲв٣һƺֺЩ˺ͬ
һżι֮ǰǺܿĵģôͻȻͱòˣ
лһȰæһæЩƽľҩȻ۽һƲȴһȸһ졣
Ѫ
˵ϰ֮Ѫˡл֪һ˫ˣסоǸŮˮʱԵֹʹ裬˿ⲻ˾ȥ
лԺзƱãܿ͵óһƲȴԵĴ𰸡
ѲɣĪ⣬Ҳˮˣ


6
лΪҽԴ˵̬Ȼ˵һһ˫ˣлǰǳƵϴ绯꣬
ϸλһεȲס
лᶳţĸʣֽеãΪĳɫЩмĺһյӡҪѧҽҲãҲãûܵ谭
һͬ
лᶵһ񹬣ȴҲо񹬵Ĳһ㡣
񹬵ŮӣıЩԹŮӻҪһЩŮ治ףһطҲֲ񹬹߽ʱעԼˡ
ҫʹδܹһܵ
ˮлжţڽѡⲻΪ˶ٶ£ΪÿÿڽϣƢٺõҲܱѪʱǫΪ£ˮȴȫǫķʡ
ô£һΪˮĶӣ˫ˣôһطҪټ裬Ϳˡ
ȲӣֲŮӡ
ƫƫŮһˮ齹꣬Կơһ֪ܿܶΰԼ

лΪҽߣȻһݶĴ󰮴ڡ
ϧһڸһʱһˮУŵݵһǰ
ˮĻǺȵˮȽϺá
һ̶֪ʱڣлѾԲһҲԼСˡ
лᶵݹĺˮǳ˳飬һ׿ˮͺãûºֺˮʲôתͷԺֳ˴˿̺ǵļ۸
ֶڹŴݳƷһܹԵġ
ҲǰģÿܹõĶޡ
ϧ
һűӣɴһ
ʳĿǿڹģһˮȥһҲһЩҪǻִȫԺȵ̲Եɿܿͻˡ
һͣһˮ˹
Щɣǲ߻·һЩǽȥһ󡣡лᶻҪúðһúõһġ
ĺôôࣿһصȫƫˣһ۾ͿлװǵĹӡ
һɫϵȺǡ
ǹĳϣһķûô࣡
д
񹬵شƫԶֺ˵۸ǷϼֹġһĺǣҲֵʮӡ
лᶷָҩģԿȥֵ
ɪɪô£лᶲһԸɷľȻôණǧļҵףô찡
һȻ֪ɪɪУл˫ϲˣлᶾ͵ˡҲ˶лߵĹӦȻҪġ
ҪҪ󶼲лᶣлλźùʱٹҪңңڣ
ܶôлһ£һĲ⡣
һޣ㲻ʲô
кܶǣһһ䡣
мӻӣҲǡлᶵ˵ͷǹҪдһǰȥЩǹ
ӵöôѹôһĺǶܽע⡣
ӣ
һ־˱ЩҵļһӣʹĪΣ
һ겻档л΢΢̾˿ȻǱȲ񹬺

һĽŲЩȡ
лᶵӻһ׬Ǯڵ񹬶࣡
ǰǺǮǰ
ڵ񹬼ֱĶ졣
ȵȣлᶶԼթȫԸһɰ
һҪſڣлſڵֻ񹬣Ҽ˲ǡʱǱΪŵʱҲҪעһ
ˣлһͷС
̫ԭлңȻ֧ҲǹٳˡҲ߽ȴһֱûж˸ҶֵԭٶлҿɲǺǵġ
ֻѹͲԭ͢ĹϽеӽ
ɱȡѵ飬лһ᲻ĸǮһһŭ˳͢Ǳ߾óؿ֮ϼѣ
թ֮£ֻܾʹˡ
һ뵽ɫ
һˮĲ
ˮΪ鷳
лֻܷŵĵѯʵƺ£ȻţҽҲмţҸѰ
Ȼܺúо˫˵֮ȰѰҲǿԵġ
ôǾлҽˣͺúðѰɣ볣˵кβͬһʦˣ˵ģһҲС˵ļǲ
лһ֮ڵõһֱ֮ͬ̾Ӱ
һаЦ
֪˰ɣǻʵˣүǣлᶻΪ˫أúðӦþܿͬˡ
뵽ܹᣬһҲͺЩ
лᶵָϣüͷҲ
ɿɣ϶Ƿˡ
ô˫ֲѧĶ㻹ҽֻţ
лᶻ˻ִƿ
ҽлֱ˵֪ɻ󡣡лᶲģһҲͿˡ
ûƺڳײеĹԵ綼ֻܽһ»ˡ
ף
ҽе㱾¡
һȻ֪л˵ʲô˵Լ֮ǰȥһȡ
Ϊǵһͻơ񱦵䡷۷嵽߲㡣
Ծû̫⣬ϾͬԴ
ֻǺķһЩʱˡһڰָ֣ѵҽûϳһЩĶ
ϳ˵ˣѵͨ˵ûκô
Ҫҽ֤µ˾ͻԼ˰ɡ
лɫǺ죬ƺѽĻ˵
л˵޷϶֪ԼĲ˫ˡ
һ뵽
书޷๡лᶿһԽ֪ԼѾʧȥʲô
񹬴⼸죬Ѿ֪˶õĿء
ʱ˱Ϳã񹬵˻ҪӿһЩ
ЩͬʱʵҲԼˡȻ壬ʲôԵ𣬵ȴǴ
µӶһܹºĹ֮λܸȹ̡һ书ȴǺкӵģ˵һ˫ԣԽѡ
ˮԺҲҪˡ
Ҳ֪룿
Լڲ࣬ҲҪյС
أ˫ԪȻȷ¡
л̾Ժ֮ϣҪüˡ


7
ʲô̫ˡ
ޣԣұͲ
һлᶵ̫ˣⶼʲôҽȻŮֲ壬˼˵Լҽ
ܷġлᶼһĺɣΪţɫһֱҲƣضܹáСС
л˵ֺˣ⿴һλҪ࣬ǻ񹬵Ůӻ᲻ֱӽϴĳ̶ȡֻٶˣһУҲһӹҽˡ
Цһˣôӣ
ʲôҪ°ģҲǲСлᶵѾ͵ļӺߺߣһڣҲ㹻ġ
Ǹ˼ô
һɫһڣҪɱˡ
òЩŮǵϮõıŮ˯ˣҪʼĻ᲻ᱻ˯ˣ
ʲôЦ
һҲЦ
ǾͲˡһҧгݵҪʲôûУҽúôŰɡ
׬ôǮ԰׷еԾòã
һ˦뿪ûи
лգգۣûôȥ
߳ŭˡ
ҲǣԼ˵ԺüѣôῪģ
Էˮڼ䣬ȻҪһĵġ
лԽһˣԼڿǽһէجģȻûжԼ֣ʵǸˡ
Ҫ֪ڽУҽǺεĴڡ
Ȼˣ˼ҾӦġ
ȲҪɱҽֵᡣ
Ҫл󣬼ãԼ书Ҳ·ǰݶѾмɸˡ
һвлᶿʲôҲ㲻ϡ
һĺܣֻҪú÷йһ
ֲܶлᶳ֣һӻܹ׬ˣԺóؿϣܶ֡
µӶˣȻҲǲܶġ
䣡
񹬹ţ˸ҪҸйĵطȻҲô
ȵȣ֮ǰɪɪ˵ɳĮ֮Уġ
һɭɭЦ

ͷɲʲôٸƶһſͨѪ档
Ǿȴǿʼˡ
һתڹһ㣬ǰٶԾ˳ȥ
ǰС˵￴Ṧǧǰš֪ġ
ʱ̵ı£ȫ֮£ֹǧȫİܲھȫҲֻǰºְ֡
ڿУһһƬɳĿ磬ƽ˲١
Խ翪ʼûѾʼΪԼʾ֭񹬵ÿһÿһ룬ǲɵġ
ΪԼΪ񹬹֮ͻõҪһУλ֪֮ûô򵥡
ں쳾ôܲΪ쳾ţ
һԺ˿̵ϸǴŹƽͳȡ
ܿ죬Ѿһֵĵط
𣬿⡣
֮ѪζЩۺһγһζǿŵЦ֮лŮӵĿ֮
磬̶ԽԽˣǷôĹץôģҪǸǰ
ˣ鲻ҲһˣûǸ񹬵ŮڣǵӻǺùġ
ٺ٣磬ҾǱǸŮϸƤģҰɡ
ǲ߰ɡ
٣߰ء

һѵΧһЦеĶ
һλεĳ˹ȥ
ôһĮ֮УȻôһƯ꣬ͺƵϵһ㣬ôҲƼ
ȻҲ
ôƯһöү
Ǳİɡ
ʲôʱҲܵȥ˲ǡ
Ǻ޹˼ɵĵЦ
Դ˿̳ǰǸŮˣǻҪǲ񹬵˹鷳ˡֵǸˣģһ㶼¡
ǵĲƱʹһĵĿһۣȴ
ҪйһҲôزȥ
ǺЦ
ͷࣿ
ûϵڲ˵Ȼǻ˵ġһ۽΢΢䣬һֱӳȺ֮С

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ҪȥһЩЩС
Ƕ𾴣ÿնһֲǲĶԣǻԺҪټҲˡ
ϣ˳ȥƱɡ
ͻȻһڷ䲻
ɪɪȻѣȻûз˽ӽ
Ȼȵ̧ͷԼҹվǰĿϼѪ
ɱˣ
ɪɪд󺧣ȴǲҶ
ӴԺ񹬷ԲڣûˡһƮƮ˵
һͷһԼ·һ˿֮ɫתͷȪķȥ
һ·Իˡ
ɪɪҹŹеһ˵ĵط
۹ȥûһڡ
ЩҲ׺֮ˣɳĮ֮аԵǰˮڵʱǻһӣߡڣѾ񹬵İ֮ڡ
ǰûʱȥʰǣû뵽ֻһҹ֮ѾǾɱ
ʵԱ¡
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ϼžȵɫ书Ϲˣţ
ϧֻϲˣĿԸӣкУ
ᣬҲԡ
ˣϽȥɪɪжһľˣЩĲƱʱ򣬾͸ӿˡ
Щ񹬵ȼü֮ͿԽˡ
⡣
һҹµӰһֻӣӹܣתûڰ֮С
Թԣ񹬵ķȻʹˡ
Ӱڰ̲ס̾
ֲý˵˲ˣɨصŮǹɫ㣬ǽ۲
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ЩֻͨӣЩϼ𣬿ûôܹȥˡ
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ںӰ֮ʱ񹬵һϾʹһӵǰѲˡ
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Ӱпֻ࣬ȫתṦٵķȥ
񹬵ĵǷ׷ں׷ϡ
ʲôлᶶҩ߳񹬵ĳϺ͵Ƿ׷ܵȪ棬̲סһ䡣
֮ǰһ°/ѪֱӾȪܣŵлҩӶˡ
Ҳδ̫ðϧˣˮʱǲȪġ
лæ°ҩȪˡ
лҽ£ֻѲߡϸµĵʾ⣬ԸлᶿЦ
񹬱һ̿͸ˣ⴫ȥô
áлᶵ˵ͷҩ˹ȥ֮ǰƺ棬Ҹҩ鷳ϰͽȥڵ״ûǲҪȪĺá
ϲȪΪβãһ£⹬ǿ׳ģҲҪҩ
ڡڶӲ̫лܹڴ֮ͥ½ˮ֮˵ڣֻἰϣЩ񹬵ܹ˼¹عãԻٽȥҩ͵¡
š
ϼǷ׷׵һǴ̿͵ȫ׵Ժ
˿̣ǿлᶵ̾ͱòһ
ҽа
ٶô졣
˶̶̼죬ùã


8
ϼǴ˿ѾȫͻϢˡ
漴ֿʼ
ǹʮ꣬˫ԣôöɲð
˵ףҽ̫ˡ
Ƕǹôùа
˿һлᶣɫģʣҪǵôһ˿϶Ҳǰѳֲסǰ٣ȻᱻлԻ
ĺ꾫
֪ҩ֪ô
ҩȥͰɡϽҩµ˻ȥ͵лУȴһֱԡ֮ʱϲŮӽлӻԼȥͱȽϺá
ô˵ҲٹĵȻǸ꾫øӻҪġ
ԾԼ
Ҳ׷׺һԸͷ
ȻһҪǹУǿɲȻһĶ£ǰҲѴ̡
лЩɣ뵽һݳëʱ򷴶øˡ
Ҳáлᶵͷҩ˽ȥ
ϣǴ̿͡СĴѯʵ
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ǣϡ
ٲȥҩҪˣҩЧҲҪۿۡл룬Ǿǰȥ
ֻǸ߽ȥûлᶲź֪𣬴˿̵һԡ
˵ŮСڣϾлᶺһ󣬶һѵõ˫ԣܹãǱץ͸һģл룬ԼӦڡ
ˣл룬һ׼
ٿȪ档
һȪԱߣԼĶʱ䡣
ǰȪؿûôÿ춼﷢ָָˣЩֱġ
һһģһӳȥˡ
磬ҶҲôˡ
˼ΣַȥɨéޣǾ͹ˡ
Ǿ֪ﲻԴĵطˣҲһôΡ
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ԭŭѾЩϴˢˣЩץߵ̶ӵҲһЩǮ뿪ˡһʥĸûд㽫յ
ϾҪӶ׽⣬ǮˣҶͨ˵е֯˵Ƕõѡ
ͨˣ벻ùѪӡ
һԭ֪Լڵ书Ӧǲһ࣬һκһսǸᶨԼǽϵĶʵ
һͷĶˡ
ϾֿţҲվһҶĿ˵ͻֳҹԴЦܵȥ֪Լʵ治Ǵġ
һ¾ԼΣ㹻ıϣЩֵֹҲͲˡ
ȴ޴
ôŵһͻȻԶһ󼱴ٵĽŲ
ܺá
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ôˣȻ˸ҲǣԼƢǺ˲٣ȻǰıƢԼ˫ԵĴ֮Ҫˡ
Ӱһ·񱼣ŷֺû׷ٹҵͬʱҲЩɻ
񹬵ʲôʱôðˣڽϿǳĲǡȻûʲô캦飬һЩϹŰĽʿУҲƵаħ
ӰȡԼֻܾĿΧ
ʵûа취Ҳ˳ˣ
ӰԼṦţ׼ط֮취ȥ֮ٶˡ
ԭֻ󡣡
Ӱ֮ʣһֻƾðֱӳ¶һŷһ͵
ţ!
ӰֵתͷȻ۾ûƳ˵ӰؿѾصһţֽһ˳ȥ
ͨһػء
Ӱ³һѪȴһӰϵԼȻ˹
Ȼ᣿
ӰһĲ񻰵ݣɫŤĺܡ
ݺὭô꣬书ȴ߲һС͵ϮпԭɺӰԼ֪ղһֱߵľģɶԷɳֵĺףɼԷʵԶ֮ϡ
ᣬˣȥιˮĶһ֮ˡ
֮ǰ룬ҳΪ񹬹ԭֵҲû˹͸ʵЩ֪ǻƺԼǴﲻûֻͣĳЩһ΢΢ͷ˵˸ףʵڲ֪˭
û취ŴФ񻭼ʵѶһ߶Ƚۣܷ֣Ůܷ֣һֱ治
ˣֻǲС󴳽ûв֮ġӰڨЦһ֪Ʊǿֻġ
ұɲ󴳵Ӧеı֡һ̵ʵ
־Ǵɽµӡ
δ䣬ӰѾʼ
һĽָϡ
ʮָģּھʹ˲ʧȥ֪
˵ѡһٸһλᣬ˵ʵ
Ӱ۵亹ֱðһǿƣǹС˼̾Ϣġ
ⲻһúŪˡ
ʵϣһֱܷ˵ǲ滰滰ҲҪôһŵġ
񹬸ô󷨣Ҫɲһ򵥵顣ܹˣԼı¶ŵģԶϲ˵ɵӡ
¡ȪˮŲФͽ֮ǰʧ֮
ˮţɽҲԭһһˡ
⽭ϣųơһɽʮ
еһȻָľ񹬡
šָıˮźɽš
ɽҪԻԭ֣ˮǾͨŶݼס
Ȫˣһ˵һ˵ˮһţʱһҹ֮Ƴ˴ɽĻɽ󷨣һٳȴҲΪɽС
еĻɽ󷨿⣬Ȫ˼ɵȻҪܵ˵ˣɽȪԩ޳ȴƾձЦ̣֣ҲҪصġΪˮŵӼҵţ⵽ɽıȪһһ˵ɣˮźɽŲŴɺͽ⡣
ܹ񹬵ǱҲǿˡ
ԭһԺɿȪ¼ҼǵӦѾϴ֣ȥˡô˵һ̫ӹӹµµԾͷһ񹬵󷨣س
Ȫ亹Ҫˡ
ⶼ˵ʲôʲô
ҪǴȥҪðˮŶҪ⵽񹬵ı
Ҿ޴⡣
˵ԷסǸĴլӣĪǾü㲻㣬͵ˣһѾ˱䡣
ˣˡȪһԽ˵Խֱ֣ҪĽ࣬ﻹҲҴţ
ΪллҽġȪæ˵
лᶸնҩ߽ôһ䣬岻ɽסˡ
һ˳лᶵķ˹ȥϻ¶һЦ
Ŷ
ҽҲûô˾


9
лֻǵҩġ
Ϊ˲һʲô𺦣Լ۾ϰ֮һ·Ҳǳͨ裬ҩҲûʲô֮
ߵյʱһȪĶԻ
Ȼ֪һЩʲôһȵߣ۾״̬ܸܵõ
ճ˵һɵΪлᶶ˵˵ġһСǰڣΪԼԵʣ̲סͻȥ롣
˵ʵҲֲһᡣ
ΪȪɫͷŶݼ׵ͷҪ󣬶лƫƫһˡȻǰȪûд˵һлᶵɫԽֱˡ
ȻôƫƫлᶵȪأ
²ʶǰлͣԭûĻش
ĲʶȪҲ֪ȪΪʲôʵϣ֪񹬵ӦûмΪ񹬵ץʱȶûü
ǰ֪񹬵ģл˵Լҩ˹ȥӦóҩˡҪȪ΢һӲźá
ûҲҪҩһԼ⣬֪˿лᶵѾΪˮҪչ˵ĶΪҩβвġ
ǣ˺ӣͲóԡ
һҲͷһлᶶ˹ҩĬˡ
ҩӦöǺɫ߻ɫôΪʲôлᶶ˹һҩɫģ
ѵڰʾǸУֻԻϵҩ
֪ʲôҩҩӸϡŹֵĶУ˭֪лᶻʲôԡ
㲻ܻ伲ҽлᶳĬһֻǵǿҩ
Ǿ͸ˡһԼţ׳ͷţ

лᶺһΪҩҩbattleһԵȪҪѪˡ
ιﻹиء
鷳Ҫʲô͸ϽʰҪΪôɵȥİ
ҺóҩġлѾͨλȷһڵķһڵķǰ˼̬ʮּᶨƱһҩȥɡ
ǣڱҷѨĹ򣬻Ҫҹҩ˵һɾͲˣⶼЩţ
лϵϢȻ
Ȫ˭Ķʲô
Ϊ񹬹һҩȲôлΪ˲ҽһЩҩϳҩֲ֮ͯ࣬ЩЦ˵Ϊһ֮ʵ¿ģ
ǰⱲӾǲԿҲԿ࣬ҺΣһ˵
лһʱ
ˣ濴ı컹
Ȼлᶵ͹һƤȡ
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죡
㲻룡
лᶺһͬĺǳ
Ȫίˡ
ܲһҲǽϺպ˰
лᶾЩˣ񹬹Ȼһ򵥵ˣټֵĲҲû¹
ȣҾͼҩղȣҾͺҷҪﳤסҲҪȵġлʱչԼǿƣʱҪôɱңҪôҪµӵ棬ܾҩܾβ
вңһлᶻ塣
ҪлרʱҩǲҲúȣΪǸʱ򣬲ҩѾһ˵飬һ֮⡣
񹬹Ϊ¿ܾҩ⻰ȥ
ҽҲǾҵıְˡлһɣ˵ִⲻȵĻҲҪ׵ġ
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˵ûһԼбҪӸϾлᶵ˼롣
Ĳ˫ˣҲҪҩ
ȵȣھǸûᡣ
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ΪˡȪѾ˹ˣһ㿴ҲˣֻϽԼĿ˵ꡣſ˸ͷ˾ͻȻ˹ȥ
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˵꣬һлᶸӦٶȣֱӽл۾ϲ
лᶺ˲ֻһ
۾Ťͷ
ˣ㲻Ҫ֪ҵǲ˫ôһסлᶵļǿнת˹
ˣлᶱÿҲԿ
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۾һвĿǵ
лûж
СһԸˣ
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вɣ
ֻ͸ҩҪȷӡԼӾ۾ô
߽һ׼ûġл˵Ͼ˶֪˲ÿĶܻ
ôĶһ׼
Һúõףô֤˰
˫֮˫Ͱ˫֮֡
ʲô˼һЩȫʶľ˳
˫֮ˣͬʱŮԻԵǿܻȳ˶һ㶫νİ˫ֻٲֵֻ߿ͨһģһΨڳͻ֮ʱֱܷ档л͵ǰ˫Ҳ˶ҡ˫Թǲúñ壬Ҳ
лȫܹһԼ˫뷨
ʵȷˡ
ڸһʱͷˣһŮ֮䣬ô˫塣
Ȼлᶸ֪񱦵䡷İ֮Ӳ֪书ԭǸŮġ
ⶼʲô߰趨
ҾͲܺúõĹһô
һˡ
ΪʲôҪôѧ趨ôһ˵
Ҫ֪ԼǴүǣһ¾ҪлᶵĹˡ


10
ù
һ´·ΪѾʶлĳЩֱִĿ£Ҫ˵»ұ֤ݡ
ҲգշҲһʱ
ҪĿǰģûκӰ졣
һǲԼµġ
лҲ˳Ĭٶһ֣˺һ
˫˼УԼҪСһЩΪá
ۿ˶Ĭ֮Уʱһﻹһˡ
Ȫתѡ
ʱ򣬿һлᶷֱվͷҲ˲ô˿̳յĹ죬ֻжԼһڸС
ǣһԵĽԼĿ˵˳
ΪлҽģȪҲܲˣԼٲ˵ڣ¾ûл˵ˡ
˸·
գǾԼˣȪԱô롣ֱ֮ӽΣ˼ɶûС
ҺǰƽлᶺֱӵĺȪ˹ϵ
ҵĲҪΣȪɫͨ죬ȴǽԼĴһһʮ˵˳ϾѾôѿˣҲٶһˡ
ȪѾеƹˤˡ
òлᶺʵ۾̫жȪĲ顣
Ī˼һԱ߲廰
⻰һлᶺȪɫ̫á
ҲɫȪʵ޿̣
л⣬Ҳֻӣ
ŶΪΣһ˵ɫ̫ãʱͺࡣȻҲ䵽ҪĲĵĵزˡ
˵Щᡣ
ǱЩʡĵļһģ
ҡҡΪлҽġȪʱѾ㹻лᶺһס

ʲôҩ
ⵤҩһлᶺȪ˶е㲻ԡ
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ҲȪӺߺ漴ڴѵĿлᶣлҽѾǾǵҽҶȥûʲôáΨЧ
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һǲ⣬ֱӳл˳
лᶱտڲԡ
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Ҫ˵ˣҲʵЩΡ
ΪСϰԵʣʱǽģ๦Ҫ֮ͯȥŮ֮⣬ЩڼɵģǿƵʮǰմȾŮɫҪȵ书гˣƽ䡣
ϰ죬ҾޱȣȴƫƫֱŲܿŮɫһȵǷɽƣǾͺ׳Ů֮¡ˣ⽭֮ȱľǸֳԹŮĹ¡
ͨʱżݣҲΪƵʡ书ߣǿֳֻҹҹϸҹŮҲǷ¡
˵ľѪ޵ġ
ʱӻӻȵʹЩˣڴ˥˱ͨ˻ҪӿһЩܿͿʼ۷粻
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ʼԵҩЧģԼξͺˡȪΪ˲֪˶ٴ˶ҩôĻ֮ʣȥɢģ˱ԼͻȴŮֲ˼õ
ѶⵤҩȪİ¸һö
ȪһԣʱоԼصʱ
ˣ
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۸߰ҲֻмöˡȪ֪˶ٹ򣬶˶С֤֮£ŴƲҽлᶣ
лҽȻҩһʶˣţȻлᶴ˿̵ȴƭ˵ġ
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ҵˡлЩƲ֣һװİ硣
ҽ˵ЦˡȪˣ˿̸Ҫ౰΢ж౰΢ܹ˵ҩĴô֮ңȻװİ磬״γڳСлҺͳ¼ãôߣ֮⻹˭أ
Ȫǻ˶ġ
лᶵǵС
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лתߡ
һôķߣֹлЦĻɲࡣû뵽û뵽⿴µҽлᶣ˽¾Ȼ׳.ҩ

ʵ󰡣
лᶱһץסҲ֪ԼʵӲȥ棬ɬѣңһҪ֪¼·һׯӣȴƶҽΡȻİæκ֡Ǹʱǡ壬һЩӼ͵͵ѰңҸ֮ϲ֮¸𡣡
Եʱ޷ĵл˵Ǵֱʡ
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лԼҲʧ棬ȵ֧֣Լ֮󣬾ͺҩˡ
ԭΪʷʱԶȥл֪Щ˵ɻˣҲ뷽跨Ҫҵ
лᶾԼ뱲ӵҪʱ򶪸ɾˡ
һѹûġ
ֻһ䡣
𡣡

ҩ
һ۾ˡ
ΪϾŮ˵Ǯ׬˵ǮʱҪӺתЩĳ¥Ķ󼸺ԡ
׳/ĶִᶼǱҵοŴأ
ʧ߰ʧߡ
һлᶵ۾ʱϧ
ûʶ֮ˣлôһ½𵰵ļ񹬣ȻҪΪûǮգ
лᶣҪǮûУ
лҽһƵЦݳл˹ȥҲڵлᶵܲܿüһʤ߼ҿĳϣǸ˰ɡ
Ȼ۸Ҫú̸̸ˡ
ȪǮ
ô檣ѵҩ
סл붼ûĶҪܾⵤҩԶʵҲûжáҪΪپ
лž˵һѡ
Ȫɫ
Ϊ۷磬ѾܵðлһСˡ
л׳ﶮ˵Ŀࣿ
һѹͲ⡣
Сͷлᶸߣȴż⣬ļ򣬽лᶴһȰȥˡ
׬Ǯûʲôɱ⣬һˣ


11
Ҳ֪һ׺л˵ʲôȵл»ʱ۾ҲѾʱָʹá
Ҳһ粻֮±򶯣ǿӦһһĵҩֻҲͷ
һͷֻҪлᶴӦʲô˵Ժл񹬵һöȣͱ
ԴүôΪ
лҲ֪Լô䵽һ
Ǿҽҽ᲻ͱǰ۽ҽĴڡı£ӦͬǰһյӣβΪΣΪһҽʥ˵˾ǡ
ΪʲôԼȴʼҪʲô׳ҩأ
˿̵лᶶԼǰһҩ˳˼
һȷ׬Ǯ˼·һǲٵʱġǡ֮ǰɱһǰڲƸȻлᶴյҩĶղ롣
лҲǴģƵСҩ裬ޣ϶ۣҩӹһ㣬Щʲô˲¹˵Ҳ㲻ʲô
һֱӰлᶸҩһҩȸٽ
־Σ֮ҩôأΪǴٽ񾭼üͥг󱻲ľҩ
Ŵ˾̫ɬ
µʱ򲻾ʲôҪҩһͷ·һ㡣һΪ˵лᶣӼͥгʼ˵һ·θ⵽˹Ҳ棬۶ҵлͷתģӦơ
һȥҪĵҩ֮⣬ϣԽⵤҩŪɫģлᶺǲ⡣һ֪ɫӳɱַ֮뷨תһɫҩƿлᶰ˼ˡ
֪Ůӵɡ
׳ҩƸ񹬵ĳǣҩһ¯ʱһͽЩϺͱܿصľӢǺ˹һãúһֵҩ
лȻҲҪᡣ
ǵҩҪоߣ
ǣһĿǰֻһ֪
Щ񹬵ĳϺ͵˵Ǿȫһ뷨ˡ
к꾫ƺܳ谡
û뵽ȻһҲ벻ҪҲ
ôŬûܽȻ㻳ˣʵڿɶ
ܻ־Ϣô֪ܲ
ǽĽʺޡ
ҲҪһιﰡ
ϣӣǻཻһĬĬĻﶼĵס
޲ΪжȻлռ˵ķݶ
һ֪Щϵǰתǧص˼˿̣ĶǽδȵԼ׳ҩȥ̾ͻǮˣҲڳܵԭȥúһˡ
񹬣Ҫˡ
Щеӣ첻£۲ӾǽĶӡ
Ҫˡ
Ƕ񹬵֧սǹһҪͬʱҲҪǵ
ʲô£
ϼǿһ۱վлᶣһ⡣
òṬҪĺһ֣ҪлᶽΪޣٰɣ
ѽɲɣлᶲ˼죬Ҳܱ֤һŮôôżأôҲҪȵȺȷŮ֮˵ɻ鰡
ֻкˣҪʲô
˵ˣ񹬿ûдһյ뷨ԸϲͼֻҪɻ飬һж˵ǳɻ飬ֻһ˹ˡ
ˣ񹬹гɻġЩʿ죬ҲȥδŮδޣ༸ô˲°ˡ
ڣֱǱ꾫ˡ
ʶҪɻ飬ʱˣҪ˵ң
򲻿ɣ
빬˼
빬˼
ѩæ£빬˼Ҫ꾫ƭ˰
һЩãȻû˵ʲôأǾͿʼԼ˼ˣ
Ȼ׳ҩе㲻ûϵǿ͵͵һͷˡտǹ˾ʲôģһҲǲ档
뱾˼Īиõ뷨ȻУ˵һ
κʱ¢ⶼġ
һǴȪúôˣǽ׳/ҩĶƭӾӶ࣬ЩνĴ/ߴ/ҩҲֻˣѪ㣬ͣܳɾͺ¡˵Ǿţ뺣㲨С
ûȨ
ڽϣиɫĺЩʲôִᰡħᰡ˵Щǰֻһ΢Цͷ佱ΪˣҲܳ嵽̨ȥǱԡ
˵ı
ҵˣľ͸ˡǰǶôεĺһͣЩһЩŮŮһ۵ģ˵ʲô۷ˡ
ΨлᶳƷʺõġ
һҲǿһ㡣
ЩмǮƸЩѾԭʼ۵
ҩ֮£ϵҹơһѩ˻ˢˢ£ֻȽɪɪϣ˵˵һҩĳɱһ¶ۣ
֪֪еı
ʱۡ˵ˣٷ֮ʮͿɷ͵£οɲʮ
ǣɪɪѾ׼ʵѾΪƵ鷳պܾˡ빬ոյ֮λѾҵôһ¸ĵ·
һҹû˯һŵҩȥĳʮ˳ˡ
Чܺã⡣
ⵤҩһдг
лҽߵҩĶۣϳҩʡҩƿõȵȣһŵҩƽ۸ӦһҡɪɪЦЦ⻹Ϊҩ͵񹬻Ĳ֮ĳɱ
˵ˣԸ鷳һЩҲҪҩ˵óȥ
Ͼһ̫֪ɽկˡ
ڵҩֶûпѧʱҲܳжҩģҩľȴǳġǽҩһ;ָ/飬ҩطһй¶Ҳ޷¢ϵĵλˡ
ƫƧΧԼҵˣһҪĵĶ࣬ĳ/飬ﵽԭҲҪܳʱ䣬Ҳ㹻ʱʧ
˶ıôһɱѾ΢ˡ
Ȼëϣʱҩǡ
ҩ񹬵ĳϼһ񹬿ɴûʲôҩ
Ϊл꾫ԼҵĻҵҪ
һȻ֪ǵĹǣǲˣֺٳţȻ֪˶ҩĿ
ϣ˵
ⵤҩҪΪǮһšɪɪ۾˸Ž⣬չķԸһֻʮţܼȥǰڷãǿԾ׬
СôһʣͿ֧Źпⵤҩֻµһܴӵ⡣
˳Ļ񹬵ά
ôһÿ껹࣬㹬Ժʮ˸ģҲȫ
гϼܹ׬ôǮЩ𾪡
׬ôࣿ
ֻǵҩѣʮĵô
Ǯӣ᲻е󣿡

ǮԺҵֿԻָĳ̶ȣ׻ٶ෢һð·εǮжʮӣɪɪͬΧȴǲ˵
Ǯӣ̫ˡһǲ⣬ʹոһţһҩƿװĿŵҩ˵ʮӡ
ɪɪ͹еӣǱϵлᶶһĿˡ
һţ
ڽϣӶһͨˡúܾãǵҩһžûˡ
лǰ׬ǮҪԹԸ⻨Ǯϲ٣Ż۸Ż᳴ߡڵҩʮ֮࣬ﻹó۸
ңΪӣʲôǮԸ͡һ֧°ͣ۸ֻǰƹۣһ󣬼۸ǣһţ
һ˵һµļ۸Ȼٸġ
ɪɪЩ磬ȴ̲סʼڴ
Ҫȥ񹬽ǰҪ
Ȼˣֻǲ̫ãҪġ
һڵҩװƿ׼ǰϦһӣ֡
ң衣


12
׻˵úãɽв˳ɧꡣ
ڽϣһܹάʱ䣬Ҳʮꡣʮ꣬ڽмֻܳƵˡһɼҵǾͻ˳̨
ֻǸЩġûгɼҵŮǴġ
ȻڽϴҲûкô
ǳΪһζ˳Ϊǿʱؼ۸Ҫȱ˵͡ĵϣʲôåձѡ
ⲻζŰȫζŰȡ
ͨ˵ֻҪһݱѾܹϰȫӣǺܻġ
ͬʱ㻹ܹͽЩǮĶԸ⻨ǮԼӹѧ书һļ·ͳʳ˰˲˵ҹŴһΪʦΪԺ϶óˡ
ҲɵӣûԵĺô˭ԸôƴƴĵѪ
;ôһѾ͵
һɽʮɽ֮һķɽǷɽŵĵմӡķɽ׵ʦ֡ʦֳΪ֮ͱڷɽسð˸̵ӡ
Ȼÿ¶ǰɽæ̵ɵӣһЩ˷ɽµӶϲλȤִ󷽵ʦ塣
ɽϻһλʦ壬Ҳλʦжӡ
ͣ÷ʦãʮǰҲ̽ͬΣꡣҶΪǻṲ˭֪Ǹʱȴľһλ置ŮӣǷꡣ
ŮӱַǽˣѣֻȢλ置Ůӡ
Ҳûмˣѡڷɽϵ˳ϡ
ǰ置Ůͻ׳ꡣ˶֪͹֮иģҲвٷɽΪĻᣬճɾˡ
ɽɽףԸýˡҲ֪͵ôģͷɽ̸һҹǾܾŻ¡
ʧ䣬ɽµӶס
˭Ҳ֪͵ôġ
ֻԼ֪̫ˡ
˵ʲô֮ӹϵҲһ㡣Ϊ޹ϵӴ置Ѱ˲ٴ֮֮ӵĹϵҲ˲١
Ҳ֪ʲôԵʣûкӡ
ڳҩҲڳҩһ˰ǰѾײˣ˵Ϊ֮ǰҩԵ̫࣬˸
ŴԣΪԼԽɼǰӵϣ̫ģҲȢԼȴѾӣֺαȥСʦأ
ΪӦԼ⡣
֪ϲСӣ˲ŻɽϽ̵Щ׵ĵӡɺһ֮󣬿ҲûлԼĺˡҲᣬҲвϲٵһ꣬˵̬ɶԸˡ
ܱȼԼػҪǿ
뵽ɵ̾˿
ǵΪֹǻȥúϢټͿԼĵ˵
ЩӸҲѧһƤë򣬲ûдɽǷֺӣҲдһƼţ͵ɽϳΪʽӡ
ǣ
Ƿ׷ȥֻһ
س̫үӡ
̫үȻ̰ƺɫҲеߣҲǿŮ飬ͷɽĹϵҲ㲻̫үһ˰˸Ůһ̥ôһӣȻǿͬһ㡣
ϧֻи֮źһЩ˻硣̫үһֱŬţҪٸԼһ㡣
⺢ӴСڼԼҵżС檴ͷɥӣ˶չֳҲ˼˽⡣
˵϶ǺԼҵһĲ
ʦС͵͵Ľʦ棬ŴգȻһѣĴӻȡһɫСƿӣС
ʦȥҩС˵ҵɱˣҲƿΪ̫үأ˵ⶫҪǲõҺҵ˵˵ȳһƿ
ʵڼֿ֣û취˲ܸһƿͬˡġ
ϾеĿ࣬˶֪
ʲôһֱسǺɽܣûôע顣
ܴٹ׷ҩΪң衣СɫӣôһƿĿŵҩѾ˶ʮһƿĸ߼ۣ
ҩԭǴӾǱ߿ʼġ
һ˵ˣҩһҪȴӾǿʼ
ΪʲôΪǴٹ˶డЩ̻˭Ҫôҩţ±ЧɣֻҪлᶸдһţһҩãл͵͵͸õԹ󣬾ѵĹ档
ʼл˻̫⣬ض˹ĵĶ
лҼѾʮѾǵүүˣԼ̬ȣ͵͵һţʱΪˣ
ĬˣЩ岮ҲֱԣҲ˵ʲôˡ㻹ЩӵܾòУҲԼҵ岮ѵһ
СӲҩĺã;֪ˣ
лʹﶩһǧƿҩ׬˸òʡлҵ岮ھϯϣ⡱ⵤҩ˳˹ٳʹá
٣˲˵Чá
ʱҩͻˡ
Ѿأ̶һ£ѾƿЩ̻־͸Ǵ󷽣˺Щűá
һþǱߵгˣҲ֪ӪĵϽĿַʡǡ
ĹԱԵģѵǵĹԱܳԣ
˭˭֪
һʼ˭ҲûнôһСҩС
ɼܲסЧãҳ֮Ҳ׳ҩһһЪһµЧȻҩҲֻһڳһţҲѾҩҪõöˣ
ĵҶ
ʮһһÑҲʮ̫ˣҲա
ʦ°ɣһֱţҿȥ궬ͰȥСҡҡͷʦǸʦҲʺ㣬ɱ˼ҵ̫ˣǶҪʦġ
ʲôҲ˵
Щ
û뵽ԼҵӶ³һԭʵûʲôȥˡ
ʦģҵҲȿȣһ㲻˷ֵġСһѣʦԣǳɵĻϽȥװɡ
˵꣬СҲòٺͳ˵ֻˣϽûӰ
ҩЦãһϣ
ԹôҩûЧѵҩʲô漣ô
ӣִ
飬ôɽ¾סأ
ҹԡóһҩ裬ˮһ̷ͬȥ
ûж
̾˿ڴʲôѾʧôˣôһô
ףˮͰˮôоеȣ
͵ͷ˿Լ겻ֵӲˡ
ֿˣ
峿
͸ļУСҲΪƸæɽɽýȥˡ
һԸʦҸģ


13
ҹڣߡ
ҹ
ɽһšÿһɽĵӣɽ֮ǰҪͨһֻһСߵխŵ
еģԶԶµԨҪ¡
쿴ҽ˵սľҹ͸һֻĵľһ㡣ǵϲŰĵӣȻǲ˵ġ
ҹȴһӰԨ޶ãĴһš
ſڴѾһðԽӦˡ
û˷ɡˣ˿æʵ
Ұ£ġѹ˵㣬ҹѰңûй¶ʲô˿ɡ
¹ش󣬵ҶáҡҡͷٳгϺ͵ӶһáҲǵȵǺȵмˣŶӲġҪĶѾˡ
˵꣬˴ӻóһС͵͵ˣŵİ֮֮ǰǷһ飬Ҳ͵ġ
ҪǱŷˣ³Բ˶ߡ
Һ½ŶģŸж
СĶ۾¶⣬£Ҳģ֮ǰڵﵱ˵ĽΣҸˡ
̫ˣ⼸أ˴ϲæ£ĵģԺҪϰ취ϵұǡǣ
ء˰ڰ֣ʲôʱٽӼλҩ̣֪ͨҡô͵ҲǸ취
ǣġ
˲ģ֮ṦŴȥ
ȵȥ˲ŽС𿪡
ң衣
һ£˭˵ϷУ
񹬡
лᶿǰһȦ֦չˣƤӳ˳顣
ҽҽ·ÿô
ҽҸĺɰԧϷˮģϲϲ
ҽ³Сˣ

лᶺҪӣϰȴԶǰЩǧĵŮ˵ʲôػ
ңҲһģײǡ
£Ҫң迪ʼ˵
ԭлΪңܹһǧҲͲˡʮʮ͵ӣлᶿѾÿʼȣǻˡ
ң裬ֹûʲôּŮ£ôĺã
˭̶֪µʱ䣬Ѿ˾ţ
ɪɪûӾȻбǮׯ·
ʣµһţһ˵ҪԱʱ֮ġϾŲ£аʱءҩõúˣ˵ܷӸõá
гҩУЩǧҩãֺʲôϵأ
һҹ֮ͱúˡ
һǸСˡ
Ǯ֮̾˲ɹһϺõ֬ˮۡλʹ͸еӡһһϺõÿÿֱǵ
ˮǸ˽ģ뿪֮ǰѹ׵ƱƽʱЩҲʹ͡ΪһôĺôԭЩģڶҲĹء
ﶼһ˵֪һԣ
ҩãлȻǶĹ
ʼЩǻǸ꾫ܺɻ顣񣬳Ѿȫ˿ڷ磬ͷܵлᶺһߴϢѯǵʲôʱɻ飿
лᶿԴһʮױ˰
˵ǵ񹬹ˣǳ͢Ļʵ֪лᶵı£Ȣȥʺ󶼲ǲܵġ
˵ڷңô֮һҲǹҪҪлᶸȢ˵Ŀܡ
ȻϲŮˣҲϲˣϲӰ
лֲүҪǽųȥˣ
ܿϧлһһȤֻڡ˫塱ѡôһһźԼǸүǵˡ
һлᶷ˿ô죿
Լʮȣػ˵ô˵ˣҲֻлһᡣ
һһС
Ȼ˫ˣﵽ˰лҲǸˣ˵ϲһأ
лԺθУҪѪڣﻹܵõ
ȻñķҲǲԽлᶸ̫ˣлᶲȱҲȱ书񹬾ֻһһġʡѡ
ǣһֱһ
񹬵ܹлᶣлᶵãԴ书
üһһ񹬶䶯ˡ
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˵ôõǵҲԸİ
лҲʼÿϰٴɰһΡӢ۾ˡ
⣬ΪҪӽлᶵĵӺͳ̫ˣǲòͨһһ˭ϣһ涨ģʶ񹬵ǵˮƽҡֱϡ
߳ȥһһĺˡ
ˣǾɫˣȻǻˮ
лᶰ˰£ʵڰסˡ
òһķ䣬Լ̬ȡ
ɣ²û뿪񹬵˼лᶵӹʵڲ̫ãϵƣ֮ɫѾ൱ԣȦŨĶ첻ܿˡ
ǰҹûܹϰʱ䡣
񹬵ŮˣĶÿ£
Ű¶ѣлҽûˣ񹬵ŮӸ黭ͨò֣ҲûмǿġһлùӣҲǴΪ⣬ͬʱҲһͬͬ
ô꣬ɶôġ
ȻôһգϵĲɣ
£Ӧиߺԭ򡣡лᶻҡͷǴһΣͻӵڶεΡ䣬ʵݲ¶ԡһǲˡ
񹬵ŮǧãҲҪġ
ӧңʲôûԼòֵܽȻҲЩȨɫףҲЩֳ⣬˵ƯΪıĶѡ
Ǵ˿䣬ֺαأ
ҽͲ󣬵ͨ͸һ΢΢üлᶵǶ˼ͣʼеϲлˣҽһԾŶȻŵġлҽӽտʼ񹬣Ϊ񹬵ĹϡÿʮӣҷɣԺʲô뷨ҲлҽӰæɵɣһͬıΣ
лƤӳ˳飬ûеش
׳ҩ׳ҩʲôиı磿
֪ˣʱͲóԼƵġ
лᶻڲ


14
һҹʲôо
һԺȷĸ㣬Ǿˬˬرˬ
ÿŲҲԴԴϵ㣬ֻҪôȥǮõԼǮô졣
ѿԺһ뵹һ룻·˲ϴֱӻһµľǣʲôҪֻһһ
һӱüָ߹
һ񹬵һ߸Լ紷ȣһ߾ſԼĿ⣬Ҳˡ

ое鶼ü
ǮǳǮ
ǮʱҪȥʲôµĶ׬Ǯˡ
׻˵úãů˼/
֮ǰһ⡪ûǮѾңİ³׽ҲۿųŸɵйķǰˡһģһ˵ǷһµĶûС
һʱ
ǣ֮ǰҪС˼Ҳһһ㿪ʼȼա
Ҫ
Ҫȥԭ֣
Ҫȥ£
ȻҪѾôǮˣǲȥЩԭͬǰúŸǰ׬ôǮ
ҪúÿһЩԭʿĽʺޣû˿취ӡ
ûеԣûֻûûСƵĹŴҲֻʣ˶ˡ
ôȥһҹһֿ˿˱Ѿ˼ƻ
񹬵飬ʱüأлᶶ㶾/ҩҩˣʹϼˣǮװУȥӲɡ
Щߵ񹬵ӣڻʶεĹأ
һ˵ɾ͸ɣ˼ضûиԼȻڵ廹񹬣ѾƮԶȥ
书ǿĳϽй򵥿˸ᣬôˡ
Ҳûа취Ҳ֪¹Сûȥ⣬Ҫȥʵˡ
ҪȥʶȨֹֻǿ뿪֮ʱлҽҲϡһϿĵ֪֮ǰֻǶҽ̽ˣлҽԺãԹء뿪ٻ˵ͱˡ
ǰ֪ΪлҽһֱŮɫһЩгȻҲʼҪлҽˡ
ǰһʱ岻лҽôôҲչһ
ڿɻأ
зһһġ
гǶǹˣʮһҪȥŷŷ顣ԴзһҪ˳ˡ
ʱлᶸڹߣ϶һһչ˹Ҳȥմǲݡ
ˣߣһҪǵлݡһԼĽõʱʲô۵Ĺǡ
ԶԶԣлҽҲû£ڹá
һ֪ЩǵĻӣӲ֪ԼʲôʱѾСˡֻǵľã񶼻
лΪԼ񹬵ģڹʵںΣաһһȪͼҩһһͼлأʮҪԼ߲Űġ
ǱҲݰɣ㡣һɴ˵
ɣ
Ǵ񹬵棬ò
񹬿ɴû

񹬵ŮӣڽϴԲ̫òˣҲĳĴڡǾϲЩϲֲҽӽӣ
ȵȣղ˵лᶰ˲ôȻô˫ر׼
ܺã񹬵ˣ
ڽҲûʲôҲȷʺݡһȻԼıòͷˣһǲôˬˣߵЩӳǵᣬûУ
ڴ˴
ǽһϣܿ챻һУžô°ɣڵʱǺú񹬡еѲڣǿߣȱɽ𡣡
⻰˵ǲе̫ˡǾùڴһʵϾˣǵشɳĮޣҲûʲôԭɿϡҪ򣬹;ɳĮ͵롣
ˣˮʧٵ⼸꣬ҳǸӣҲûʲô
зflag˵Ҳһڰ֣ˣҪм£ͼʱ֪ͨҡ飬ǿŰˡ
ǣ
һߵžôһ˵ʲôµ˶ֻйԹķݶ
һЩĸоˡ
ԼôŬ
лǵȵڶ֪һһϢ
ȫ֪
Ҫ֪ͨңǲƶһӦ㣿лᶾһԼ̬ȺԽԽˡȻˣҲ˵ãֻлᶾãͦʵġ
ͺԼֻ洦ɼһһԼʱȫûκ⡣
ѵ濴ҹĸһ𾪵ĿлᶣຣĻᣬѵ㲻ץס
лЩԡ
ȫԸĺðɡ
£߲ߣһѾոǣ˹Ҫ뿪ɳĮҪյƥʲôģȵԭ򲻳١
Ǯ
ǳǮ
ߡлᶻǸһش
ԭ
ĵӼϼˡ
֮УಢΪûб£Ϊ̫б¶һ裬Ҳˮϳȥġ
ˮ˰ԵˣϲжвڡҲ⽫ϲ˸ɱˣ˾͸ɴཫǸߡ
ԭֵȻõȴ˸ǣöʵǿάס档ôһ֧һǲܷ˵ġ
ҪԼǡ
˶
Ҫҵ˭һ·ϣлҲһ뷨ȻһҲȷǳɢĵģͬʱҲΪ˻
Ȼлᶲףһ书ʵʲôҪµģֻһ֪磬ȱľʲôˡ˵ʲôɨɮ˵°ɶһܳ
ôǸŵġ
һȻҪ׵
Ͼ磬ʶͺȷѪǻϵȺŵġܽô
ңһ֮ǰҲ˽ԭֲƽҲ˵ʲôһɽʮǵطǿǹҲͬʲôʥ̣һǱ񹬻ҪɵĴڡ
֣͢˳ôҲǱȻġ
һǷδȻˡ
ĿǰҪҵ˽ʷ˫Ӧһ񹬴ʷŮʷǰĸ񹬹ʧܣȴȫˣСơ꣬ѾԼ֮ŵأȴûʽΪѾеŮȻҪȥһλʦġ
ʵϣһڿʷ˫ĸϵʱоһ֡Ůģ塱Ӱ
ʷ˫龫֣ϲװؤƭˣϲ磬رڽҲССŮĳƺ
ô˵أһĺȻǡ
ʷ˫ҵ˵ȻԹŹ֣ϲ磬¼зִ磬ֻǽЩȴڽ𡣡л룬һش
Ŀǰ˲׺ɵߡһζ׺ɵӣǳĺֱ
ʲô⣿лᶲһΪʲôͻȻ顣
СŮVSֱ
С˵䰡
㲻cpһͻ.飬Ѿż˰ζһЦе̣ҲøԼҵӡ
лֻһˮˣһǶ˼Ӱ֡
ƣⶼʼ˵ˡ


15
ջ
Ҫ˵ٵģžջˡʲô䵱û֣ܳջȴɳˡ
ֻ˵ȡϲĸ綼Ǵڵġ
һˣ˵Щ񹬵ľӢӣһܹﱻôŮˣȻҲ޿ޣǸʮӣŶҲڸĳڡͬģݹлᶿȻûǰ㾪ޣȴҲʱ򣬱ϾҪݵ̫һҲȥ֧ĸֵ񲻴
˵ôһȺпŮ˴ӿջ߽ʱ򣬲ǿջƹСǿǣоԭЩͨϾɵĿջһӾͱˡ
񹬵ЩŮǣһһĺÿŮ·
ܵԼһ˲佫˵Ŀⶼ˹һдΪ⡣
ҪľЧ
λ͹٣Ǵ⻹סأƹֱӽСϵһԣȥк
ƹɲЩСܹȵ˵ġ
ˣƶľӶܹ࣬ײ͵ģҲһͷһ±һƵĶûж٣˵Щˡû취ûдԵ֮ǰ϶ǲģֳεʳסһҪǮżģҲЩװ޺ľ¥￴ôһССĿջ
һϴĴģһҪǮ
Ϊ׵ȻŶң⶷ҵĲԲǷǿ壬һֵ֪ǡ
Ŀ͹٣ҲһΡ
ŵĲүܲСд
ʵϣ񹬵ĵҲǲԸԼҹίôһƿջģֲûǮֱӽ¥Щ˿ƥܽ¥ĻȻһ¡
Ҳ֪ôģջֱ֮ӽˣҪֹ
Ƚǵֲ˶ҳζһȻһѹŴǵʵջװ֮󣬾ûж뷨ˡ
նסıǿ
ûҲͰˣһǮĻ꣬ԸԼҪȥסջе̫ίԼˡ
һ룬ǳջĲˣ˵١
Ҳܰ
㣬Ū˶Ҫɾ񹬵һӸƹ񣬲ҰŪһеĽĮԴеò׸ѹ
ƹӹӣֵһ£ȻоأЦ˻ﾡܷģĲ˶ֱӴũյģԲŪλġ뼸λԵƬ̣˺ܿõġ
롣ǰ濪·һϹϾ
һ΢΢ף¥ݡ
¥Ҳаᣬһϲ־Ӹܿ泡ĵط
Ҳɡһһ޵˷Ը
ǡЩǶһȻвӡ
лȻҲ
ûȺȵˮ֮лֿʼ̸ҲҪȾƣֿջľƺܶʱ򶼻ˮȥûаô
ţлᶾͿʼ
ҲΪһá
һˮһ·ʳˣּҳˣ֪ɲɾһʱԻ˳θҪþͺˡ
ֻЩһȫһȺӬˡ
һԺ֮Ҳڼҵı粵
ɫһ˵л̫ˣҪѨ
ɫһ˵侲һʮ롣
ɫһѾһ·ϵʮνˣɮûôˡ
ɫһ侲ʮ
ɫһ˫ˣҪ˵࣡
ɫһʮ
ɫһ㻹˵ô
ɫһҪҩֹܻʮ
ɫһ
á
һֻʣʮ
ɴſԼ˼л߶ҶҲǵһʱˡ
лһһڵ֪Էûȥ
Ϊһÿζڳ֡Ǳ̬ȣŻлһһεظЩ
ҽ˶꣬ûмһϵĲ
лȱľˡ
ĵ
ˡһ۽ƳſڣͻȻ
лᶺ񹬵ҲԼͬĳһߵķ˹ȥ
ſڽһӢ꣬󻹸һСؤɫǸɾҲͦɰֻǴһ㡣
񹬵ӵ˶ʷ˫òģ˿̼Ȼһʱ˳
ӣ
ǱǿǰķģܹҲһϰˡϷɫ
ɲ鵽ˣʷ˫йƽͿǵ˲ʿǻһڶ֮Уǲ˵жء
ֻʷ˫ƽӦûûʲôĸ飬ڹƽҪΪݣҲΪ˶׷
ܿ죬Ѿʼ
ѵģȿϷ֡
ӣҪǳô޵ɨһʷ˫͹ƽĶ֪ǵ书ˡƽĶۣһ˵书ƵϵȣֻǱ񹬵޵˵Щ
ܹһ书Ȼһһġ
ʲôһǱſϷģǰ֣ӣֲ鷳žͺã˵ʷ˫ΪΣ֮ͶԹƽء
ӣʷȻ񹬣񹬵ӡ񹬵ӿԺίߣ.֣鰮ǲгϾ˽ģǷġ
ȻжǹеҪŮһˣҲҪذѹصġ
Ѱ˼һŮȥ֮ǰҪذӵƷкͼοյֲƣŮ治ףҪһǮƺ;Ժ
ÿ񹬵ĺô֮ҪˣԩͷˣҪ˿ԣȷķٻ񹬸ʳסϵĻѣΪ£ͬʱҪ¶ģķҪ񹬲ҪɱɱС
Ͽʹ񹬳Ϊٽ˿еġаħҲʹܹпĽϳȡóȻλ
һʵЩϿʵҲ֡ϳ书ķнڣԱѾ㹻ˡʳסϵĻѣҲʨӴ󿪿ڣΪÿﻹм¼ģǶپǶ٣Ҳָơ£һͨѵܸ񹬰ʲô춯صĴô
Ǹģǿ񹬵ӷƷеġ
ҿʷ˫δؿλƽлſ˵λƽֻ˵еȣòȻӢʧ˼ֿ׺ȻҲʮ֮һȴ෴ʷ˫Ȼ˿̻ûгԶ׼Ǹӡĸ׵ʵ񹬵ͷҪˣƽҲǴﵽȢߵżˡ
л̫ѪֻǽƮˣǺѺͨһʼһθ顣
Ҳǽ˴඼ȫԭΪǵľ˼ͨѾྶͥˡ
лҽۿǿۿˣҿɱһԼ˸Ͼͻῴۡ
лЩ⡣
ȴһһףֱӽڶԸ˵ʷ˫ɡ
һĹƽæչȥ

ˡ
ת
ת
öӡ
Թס·İ׵ĳ˲֣·


16
ӣΪǱôã˻ǰ޿ʮֺ棬̲ס˾졣
ƽʷ˫˱һ˵ҲһյʱˣҲ֪ô£Щ׷ɱǵȴһΧۣûԳʱȥһ
ʵϣʱǱ͵ϮһֱӽŮͱԴʲô¡Ǿͺаһһʵڽ˷ѽ⡣
¡һ
漴ЩǱһܿ췴Ӧ˹Źƽʷ˫˹ȥ
Сģʷ˫һ߿ͼ͵Ϯĵˣ漴ݺݵĵһ¥ϵһˡ
ӣڵҡ
ǵ㣬ڵҡһ֧°ͣ̾˿ޣȥһƹģǵĲôϣ
ڿջѾûȥˡлüͷ壬ôһ¿ջʧ١
ûϵޣȥƹ˵ֻҪʱ˶ұ֤첻һӵʧһҶˡ
ǡ
𽣣һеȥˡ
Ȼˣ
Ϊ̹ˣȻûʶһ㣬ʵ̫ϸˣڿһ˳˵ķݶ϶׶Ȼûʶһ㣿֮񹬣ȥ̷ܳͽȥ
лᶳĬһǴӻͳһֽһЩͷŵ۽ʲôģȳһ㶥һ
һֱץһѿԣôЩǴƭСİɡ
Ϊܶ˶Ϊҩ಻ϳҩšлζĿһһۣν̣Ӹ֪Ϊȷ˻ı˴أ
ﻹŸҧһĵһ
лˣ㲻Ǹƭֱҽлˣ
Ϊʲôģ
ȻΪcpؾô֣ײ˿϶һⰡ˵ˣħתȦȦɣĿǰûп˿Դš
ʷ˫ȻһЩֻҪ񹬵ͷ˸ҶֵġһʼαװؤڹƽΪ˶ĿԹƽ϶ҲеС˼ġǽŵԣǾͲǰˡһģĳһ
лᶾһ˵ĺе־ﲻԡ
ôȻ˵
һҲûа취ʵ뷨˵ѵ˵粻Ǹôĸ˾֡˫ԡֹŹֵʰ
ðɣһһ⣬ӲҪʷ˫㳼ô㲻ȥ£ƣ֪νͣлᶺٶԺԼ޹ص棬һ˸ĸоʵ̫֡
Ѳ˫嶼뷨޳Դô
ȻΪҪӰһ﷭ֿۡȵӾ֣ɱȿЩʲôϷȤˡ
ʷ˫ǸСѾͷֵñ۽ཻǿҸ߿һۣڻ̫һ㡣һ⻰˵Ŀлȴ֪Ҳпʱ
ܿ죬޾ʹŷˡ
ƹһĸһڿһķʱȴ̲סڴ
ЩˣһŹǮߡһתͷ⼸˵ǼҲ̾ͷ£ֱӶ˿ջĳڡ
ƹģ̸һʽΣһһһĲˣǲȥԣµĺƹ̸
֪кָ̣ƹҲ֪һǣڿ˵ǼΪϡ
ջôһҲȦӣֱ˵ʵ
⡭С϶ġƹ񻰲˵ڣƺʶ˲ԣæȵȻǹļǮãҲǲ
ΪƹͻȻʶӲٹܣҿջͻᱻĽ˸ôһõĿջֱˣٿµľǡ
˵ۡһ
ƹһϲһֻ
ִ֪ҹӸǮʨӴ󿪿һΡʵջҲֵһƹĻҪһ
лԣһƹģڣû뵽һٶȸ졣
ʮһֱӿ˸ƹľ޷ܵ֡
ӣЦɣƹɫŤˡ
ûô۵İôһӲ˶˾ջֻ㻨ʮأ
ƹĲҪ˵ĶʮǶʮǶʮŵҩһ΢΢֣Χĵ̾͸һһƿװĵҩƿӡ
ҼƹŲ鸡Ƕ겻з˰ɡһⵤҩƹǰһΣʮң裬ƹʶ㣬Ӧ֪ļֵ
ƹڿҩƿʱ˵ĺͿʼ
֪ô᲻֪
ҩ˵ΰ
ҡô֪Ǽ٣ƹЩȴûдƿ
ȳһţȥس¥һһ൱ĺ˵֮ȷҩЧٽҡжʮŵҩֻҪƹݵĺãٽһջѡ
ƹû˵
ĬϱѾһ̬ȡ
ҩֵߣΪ͸̫үֻ֪ˣܹõĺôɾͶˡ
һţģ̺㻻ƹҲй꾭̾ˣܿѾΪмֵľ
ƹǸˡһЦЦһŵҩϣƹĺú֮׵һ졣ˣƹ뿪Ƿ֮ء
ǡ
ȵһӽƹĴսߣһŽҽҿʼԷ
򿴲һ㶼ҪУֻǿһ۾֪飬ҽ費͡лᶾĿһƺҪһú̸һ̸
ҸҽһգգۣлҽЩһЩʻǲҲԣϾҽǾӣ϶мȥ˽Щ
һЦеĿлᶵлһɻﰵˬûССҫһлҽԼȻ˽а֮ġ񹬵Ůòӽ˿ջʼջµ˼ɫеĿǣΨƹģȴֵΪ̹ȻȻҲųƹĿϲɫĿܣʲôΨһĽȻҲͱĹˡ
Ҳƹǡлᶻͼ
в͵ȵèأһʵֻҪ֮೤˸ͺױơʮ껹ʮ꣬˶ǲģԼؾġ
лᶲʲôزأֻǵľһ⻰˵Ҳδ̫ʧƫġ
һԼˣҲô˰ɡ
лҽл㣬㲻ԸʵҲġһڰֵٷ꣬ջͻҵġҽ˵ģһıģ˵ңֻһСС׳ҩҶԣȴǱκε书ҪĿµĶ
лᶵڱ֮УԼֵĶƺʲôˡ
Ƶֻһͨͨ׳ҩѣΪʲôоһбĳֵ߸Ķ
ĲӦһɣ
ȵȣ˵лʲôĳƺ


17
үҪлһһ
һٷճ꣬ջƹľһϲɫĻϹϾĽջĵϣʣµʮſң衣
Ϊңߣû˱лᶸңʵʳɱʮң裬ҲͶӵĳɱۡ
ƫƫôӣֱӻһҿջҿջǰ˻Դ˸оãԼ׬ˡ
̺ĵлᶲǺܶѾоеĿ¡
һֽջԼݸߵĵӣǲô⡣ջ֮ҪǾаˣ˳ҲҪңڽϵǸʲôλ
ܺá
ķ⡣
ΪζĻѾ¢ϣһڱ˹ӦгϡһѾǸ¢ҵĴˣǰʯʹ˷ˡ
¢ҵںʱεضǳġ
ʯͣʯ
Ȼȵһ˿ջĽӺ֣ĶҲѾβ
ƽʷ˫ȻʵãۿҪˣ񹬵ӳֽЩ򻵿ջȫˣƽʷ˫Ҳܳɹһ١
һԴ˲ûʲô̫о
С˵·ʲôģֱ·ħתȦȦ·ܳɹοǹ˹
㡭񹬵ˣ
ЩµļһҲûɫ񹬵ӳ֮һ·ܡǼʮ˼ȻǰƯƯŮӵĶ֣֪ŮǷ
Ůǿģֻһطġ
Ǳ񹬣
Ů΢΢ףĬһ㡣
ʷ˫ɫ˰аתǧء
֣ﲻ˵ˮѾʼʢת˥ôûˮ񹬣һӣĸŮԹĻȥˡ
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Ǻԩ޳Ϊγ֣һΪ׵ϴģ˱˳ѯʵ
Ǵ˶Ҫ⣬ȻߡŮ죬˵˵һ仰
Ǻݣ׽˳ԡϲſ֮󣬶۾Ҫתˡ
ʷ˫عͷȥƽȴƽЦЦȫûע⵽Ǹ񹬵ӵһ
ӣ
ʷ˫аһȴϲþӶࡣ
Ϊ׵ϴƺҲû뵽Ȼõôһش
ЦǽжԹǳ£ʲôʱԸȥǮҲ˵벻⣬ҲδǮ⡣
ںܶ཭˵ǸͨշСûǮ˾ȥٸƶ˼ҵǮôģ͸ǵĿǷΧ֮ˡ
֮Լ֮ƶ
ںҿЦ
񹬵ȴֱӳ滹ѪδɣҴӲЦ
ղˣƹѾ˹Ҳ˵ҿջѾ񹬵ĲҵˡȻ񹬵ĲҵЩ˻Ҫˣ
˴С
һ£ЩǳײҶ໰ˡ
񹬾ȻôƵĿջⲻЦô˵ˣȻ񹬵ĵطΪʲôջû񹬵ı־
Щڲʡ
ΪԼʵ˲ʵģ߲ˣǻǵã¥ϻһЩ񹬵ء
ȻӵĵطǵȷӦǮΪ׵˵˵һ䣬СϾ⡣
˵꣬˾ͿʼԼСкʼ׼Ǯ
ͭ弸ͭĴգżһСӣʮֵᡣ
һ¥Ͽ²
л㣬ƽʱ⣬ЩĴ£ѵвòôһ̲ס˳
ֽѵǣɵȵˣǱ䱾ĶԸͨˡҲܳõһطǵ˺ѾٳˣһЩҩڲɸհˡлᶻûһú˵һ˵ƺ£ͱһסˡ
ȻǴ򣬿ܹҽˣȴ޷ҽġ
лᶵį
һֱҽ˵ûʲôȿҸʹˡҲ͢Ҳͨ˵ȴȥЩǿĽˣҲͬὫͨ˵
ǿܹάƽ⣬ʵҲá
˰ǰء
ˣлᶾЩˣȴҲ֪Щ˵ĴǺбҪġ
ҽҲУǽˣҿ̫һˡһתͷлᶣʮŵ˵
лЩɻĿһ
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лᶳˣǲȰ
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ˣЩ˻ǴչǮǲֵǮѶ˼ǿסԼĿӺˡ
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Ҳû¡ʷ˫Ц˳
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ʷ˫͹ƽ˳ڵؿȥ棬ȴǸŶҵĹӲ֪ʲôʱѾ¶ݣͿŲȴǿǷѳΪ֮Ե
лɽˮٻᡣʷ˫һһо޵ΣСΣյ˺¾гֱǰӾٺÿĸоҲ׽͸ģ˵
׺ƽлӴƽǸùһ㡣
ллɲɣ˴Կһɫǵñңھͱ뱨ˣȻشһ֮Ҫȥˣ
ʷ˫͹ƽһͬĬˡ
ˣûôռ˵ġ˾˵Ҳû
ҪΣʷ˫̲סһ䣬Ҫǵţ
ţҵǲȱһ΢Цͼһӵܵķ緶
룬Ҳֻܵһؼֱ񣬡ŮˮĹ⣬ġҼŮӱˬӱǳˡһɨһۣѾһȥŮװ˵
ƽʷ˫סˣû뵽˻ôǣ
ŵǸҲˣ㲻Ҳôʷ˫ñ
һָҡҡһҲӰҲϲˡڶô֪˲Ůװأ
лᶣ
֮ǰһ˵Լϲˡ
УԼȻҲˣ
һ죬ƭ˵Ĺ


18
ƽʷ˫˺ô˦ˡ
ʿɱ衣
ɵǵĿ⿴һߵЩ񹬵֮뷨ͱˡ
ҪľôˣЩ񹬵ĵӻĽǸɱʷ˫ԼϾ񹬵ˣȻ֪񹬵·ֻһⲻ˺һݡ
ܹ񹬵չ˵ˣֻʲôˣ
ʷ˫ûлһݣֻ֮ǰһһ䡰Ůװʷ˫˶ҡ
һһǰʵŮأ
Ҳûܰ
Ƥ𪣬¹Ź֣Χô񹬵ƯŮһۣĿһֱԱǸʱϣôôŹ֡
ĪǱ߲ߵĶ˸Ϲ̽ô
ô룬Ź£˵ܸȡһϢ
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ʱˣЦ¹ǲĸȻĻлɫôͻˣ
ʹˣǲκζ
ϵģʼֻйѾõĻᣬҪù֮λֻܵȡ˫ӲףֻҪٵʮ£ɼ
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лֻôһһͬȥ֡
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Ҫûб񹬣лԭҪȥġ
ҾÿҪ°һ°ͣ˵Ҫϴ֣֣ôﶼǸΣڰ
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ȴһңЦеĺ͹ƽ˳ֵܡ
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žǹ˵ģס˫۰ɡ
ף

꣬Ϳһҽֱӳ߹ˡֻҽı鿴һġ顣
ӴļҵСӣһؼңҳĺġ
һһӵܵͬһʱ
лᶺǸ竹ӸӶסˡ
Ǹ竹ӸҲסˡ
ԭһл˹ʱһ»ǣŶ񹷣дš竱䡱Ӻһţֱӵ޵ǰ
ǵġ
ʷ˫ȻƯԻŮģСˣȻ䣬òĴ˸Ķˡ
ӣʲôлᶼѵĿһ֮ǰĻһ˵ġ
ֻǿλ̨ʶľҪ˵仰ˡһ竹ӵķһָº޺˵
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ˬ
ζ
竹Щ߳ŭǲǴҲʹģ㣬Ǳӵĵ̣ʶϽȻȱӰ˽Բ˶ߡ
аɽаɣƺҲġһ˳ھֱӽ˺䡣
£޿Լҹ񶼲Ծˡ
òϹһİɣлҽζֱֽֿͣߵСˣ


19
һ˵꣬Ͼ˹ĳĬС
лҲãҲãԱߵӵԼǴ͵ʷ˫͹ƽȫ߶׼
˳˱ôţͺ޲ҸطȥˡһѰˣԼ˵Щʲô˲õģִᣬʲôɳĻû˵෴һЩһʵ̫ûмʶ
ô㲻ˣһĿǸӵܣ㲻УҾͽˡ
ܽ˭ӵܲľôѹһͷ
ޣ֡
䣬ղŻ竵ӿŮ޾һŽ˳ȥ
ү
үСġ
Աߵӷ׷׳ֻǿ˸󣬵ҲµĹˡ
һӴūţȫ˵ϡ
㡭֪˭ң߳Ƭؽ磡竵һؿڣһ߷Ľ

һǵͼڻҰ
Ҳ룬Ǹô񣬿϶̵ġһתͷ룬ڶʮһҲɵ.ƣڹŴȻ͸ˡ
գҲ¡һЦһ
Ǻˣл̲סʵô꣬ƺû˵֡
Ŷһ֮һش
ʲôգ⹫£ְ֪õܣˣ竵Ӽ˾Ȼ޶õĿʼ죬еĻ
£һе졣
Ҫȥμ˼ҽϴִǸлᶲòԱѡ
Ŷһû취µ̫ڻˣǲסáޣ˸ȥȲμӽϴִʱٽΪ͸үӣûʡ˺Ǯ
л𾪵Ŀһ
ȥҳӵİɡ
ºһг
ûҳӣֻǵȤ㡣һǿлЩʲôΪʼ磬ƺûн·ϡڽϴֵʱĳ⣬˵ܾ竵һȵģһĸԣҲּú
޳ԹģһҲֻ뿴֣ʱʲôȻ񹬹һݣ˽³Թˡ
лᶾԼĸʱˣȻһ뷨
ҵѾˣˣ񣿡һܿͽ˼ʷ˫͹ƽϡ
ʷ˫ԭҪһָ·Ƶ·һʱְղ׼ֻʱ
Ҳˣ⼸ЩֻǸɰɡһǺԼµġȻ署ɴУ񹬾͵һˣһԼǿԵһ΢Իһϰ塣
Ͼ񹬵ӳҪ˯Լ֮⣬涼޿޵ġ
ǡ
һʷ˫͹ƽİ࣬úϲЧ
ڵӣѾûͷԺͲˡ
죬ָˣ
һǣ¶˿º͵Цݡ
ʷ˫͹ƽȻ׳ʲô飬ʶıܿһǵĿ⡣
лһԲɵ¶֮ɫ
Ȼ֪һЩʲôܿ϶һϵˣ¶кùӳԡ
ѱҲֻ׼˲δ裬ʱ˵ܸŮһ
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޵֪ʷ˫룬ҪЦĻ֦Ҳ
ʷ˫èǶ򲻹ԹȡʲôģܵģͲϲŮˡһʼǴŮװʼǾ֪ҲǹƵġ
ǹÿ˯óڹû֮ǰǲȥŹӡҲʲô鶼Ϊùӵõõķ̣һʼҪˮëȺһ;ʱڳȹϴϣ̾ùӳȺ緹
񹬵һӺϸ͵ǻԱ߶ǵġ
Ҫˮô죿ƽ֪һԼжڶһǴű˼ǽ˹Լİš
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˴磬ʲô۸ˡʷ˫ܹ
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ʷܣջԺкܶûȥԱϢһ°ɡƽǺԼֵܵģʷ˫װ۵Ӿ֪ûô
ðɡʷ˫ʵԺѾ⡣
ȻһǱ֮Ҳȥ˼һɹˣ
ҿǸʷ˫²ô׾䡣лᶳһСһ䡣
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л΢΢һȻв
Чʵİ취ȻֱӽʷҲǲԣ̫ˡֱץס㣬ֻҪʷ˫͵ҵĻ
һһԼ˵ĻԼԽԽзɵǱˡ
лֻõǸԼ˵Լ񹬹ĺܲáѾȫʣһˡ
Ȼʱ֪һ˵ĿǼٻڵһǲе̫ŷԼˣ
ֻ˵һһ
лãˡ
ˡһͻȻ˵
ֻſͻȻܳʮʸͻȻл˹
Сģ
ʷ˫֪ð˳ŽҪΪһл˵סʸ
СһЦһ䷭ɣۻƺХȥ
Щʸŷɵ·ͺƱһεǽڵס׷ء
绹㡣
һٶȳ֣Щصļʸƺһεת۾ͻ˷ֱӳЩ˷˹ȥ
ǼҪܣȴĹЩ
ǵܿͱЩļǽϡ
ȴû˼ǵҪֻ䴩һƤˡ
ֻ⼸˵亹ȴһ
ΪǵĿ.䣬Ҳͬһ
Ȼûб䴩Ҳˡ
лᶶʱȼƺһɺ紵


20
лᶺʷ˫ǵһοһ
лԲ˵Ѿ֪һ书ɲ⣬ȻҲ˫֮Ƕ񹬹֮λǰһѹ֪һѾЩѾõǰ֮¡
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Ųʮꡣ
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桤ҽաлᶲɵ˶δ֮С
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һʱһЩƿԡ
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˵лЩü
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Ϊòҽ̫㣬ÿһγŶΧۣ׾˵ķͷ
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ҽʲôģһΣذ
ǰãһҽְҵڽкԼ׼ͷͷҪΣյĶడ
ʮɲܷˡ
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ˣȻһˣȥɡ
һֱһţҲұ֤һ׻ֳʲô
˼ޣҪúԼһ¡


21
ݡ
ûҵүô
үûϢ
Ǽأ
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ĺˣݵĵؽ磬ﻹ˸ҺΪѣһЦеӭԴһνϴִɱ˹ҪӡϾ֮ݵĹ֮λˡ
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ɻðǾûзԡ
Ҫܣȶϡ
лⱲӶûгԹĿ̶̼࣬գ˵Ǳ˼ᡣһֱڵݵ˿Թ˭֪һ춼ûеȵˣֻܹԹһɻ
Ĳȥôҹʱ޺篵һյг̰ţЩͬ
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λﲻͣ鷳һЩӡݵļҶܿͳˡ·Ͳ̫ͣһôƥƤë覵Ĵôվڳн˵Ŀⶼ˹ȥ
ҪĽͨߣһƥļ۸ԲȺЩ۸͡ڴ󲿷ֵĽ˵ܹһƥӾ㲻ˣһɳʱҲŵĹʦʦ˻ٽ֡
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һ΢΢üҪ֣ȴлᶰס
λ̸ҹСҲ֪ЩСˣæʾҶӰæάߡ
ˣǸװ˸ȥ͸ǵĺ񡣡һк
ģ˽Сæͷ
ܿ죬һл˾ͱ뵽ʷ˫͹ƽǰվĳ䵱ŮĽɫ
ݣеһѾ棬ҲˣɾЩʧ
Ʋ¶Ҷлᶵ˵ÿкһġûоԵʵǰ˭Ὣأ
лҽ
СĴͳӭлᶣлᶳ֣ˣлᶾȻԸϯϴִᣬ˵Ǹӡ
ľӣô᲻ˣ
үӣղƺ˺ܶࡣл΢΢ϹὫժ¡
Զ̽˶һ
ҽлᶣȻ鴫
ⶼǶллҽƵҩ¿ĵĺл̸˵˵ţͻȻʲô˵ҲһζҩҲҽҪо
˶֪лҽգʱҪ֣һЩҩĻһЩŹֵҩЧ
ŶлᶹȻȤ֪ʲôҩ
ҽ֪ζĵݹһҩС
ʷ˫͹ƽҲ̲ס̽ͷҪʲô
лڴĽҩд򿪣Ц̽Ӳˡ
ϤɫСҩƿ
Ǻǡ
үӵǲءһѽѽǻƳһң棬һԴ


22
û뵽ҾȻԼлᶡƽѵõĶʷ˫ˡ
ڹƽ˵˽̸۱˲ǾΪлʵǴ󣬶ֳʦеʦʦ˵Ҳֺ֮ġ
ԭһóʱ򣬹ƽ᲻ǼٵģֻǸɴġû뵽лᶾȻĳǰ
ǰֲءʷ˫һĵͷ
֮ǰڻһǸŮˣ˲ŹһḸϷû뵽Է㶼ûнСлôһߣŹôῴˣ
лȻҲЩҡһļ˹ƽϣ˾ٺÿҲûʲôϵ
ʷ˫ԼǸˣһıԼҪɫôҲЩ룬ǿŮ˲̹Ȼĺлվһ𣿲˵ģҪȥ赲лЩﲻ׷߾Ѿͷ˰ɡ
лᶡ
лԺֻһ֡
ڣ
ͲˣΪʲôССһ׳ҩܹôĲһҩô
Ƴ°棬ԺͲлʮ򣬶лʮˣһĶ
лᶾãһԼҪһȥ
Ҳû뵽ү¸أӶһĽˣȻҲң׷ѣѲӦÿһ䡰δϡô
Щˣǡǣ
лᶴûоýô׹
һ֮ǰ綼ͦġôһ֮лᶾ;ֻԼһأ
ҽΣºˬһЦѯʵ
һȥоġл΢ЦѾ㽫ҩ
Ҳһζҩ̫ѵˣֻЩõϣҽоһЩҲ츣ҵȽʿ˵
ңгλû˱ˡ
ү˵ءһԱߴǻǿ츣ˣҩмֵܹռ͸ˡ
λ˵ǡ΢Цſһ֪λǣ
¼еھţүӲһűɡһȻ˵ԼˣԱ߻һʷ˫վأ
Ҳ֪߽ᱩ¶ԼʵݣңһǸлһģ˵ʲôҹӵܣȻѯʡ
˴磬㷢ʲôأʷ˫ƽɫСҩƿ֮Щסˣһ䡣
ֻǾЩ졣ƽյʷ˫ĶߣС˵ʦҲôһСҩƿĺܣֻǾ죬Ҳ֪⵽ʲôҩѵڹô
ʷ˫Ȼ֪ʲôҩ
ҲмãȻҲҩȿȣͦģ˵ܸš
˴磬㻹ǲҪ֪ĺáʷ˫ϾҲǸŮң˼˵׳ҩ
±Ͼⳡˣлһ˺һ󣬱˽ʱȥӭȥˡ
Ҳлᶺһʱõһ㰲
ܿģлһתͷ⧲ĿһõļЦݡ
û뵽֮ǰгλ̫ˡϵĸడһĵ˵ͷ˵ܵʮŻǲãʱˡ֮ǰ˵ģûǾ׼λƳһרΪõңãҩЧǿԼһ㣬һʱˣͲճˡͻȻ۷磬ܻȽϼ
ҵҩˣлҧгݵˡ
ʷ˫͹ƽ䲻лЩܻӣʮ𾪡
лᶲǼô
лᶣʵʹЩ𰡡
ȻȻĲүһ˵ĺõ˼£ʲô飬ǻȥ˵
лҲ˿˴ߣֻЩϡ
˵书л߳òжԣҪ˵ҩˣǾ;ԲУ
лҲԼСƢġ
Ȼ֪һˣʵࡣ
˵ϴִ˰ʱĿ˾ͲЩССϺˣһЩݱȽϸߵҲˣɽˮŵȵȶ˵մǰأҲԿµĺԵˡ
Ҳ֪ЩһﶼʲôëʱƫƫҪȵʱֲȦߺ̺һҪȵԵԼеλô
һɨһȫͻȻЦ
лҽ㻹ôһл˹ȥƢʵ
֮ǰЩʧأЦˡлѾƽ飬ָֻ֮ǰƮƮƷ˵ģ
ѽѽƢлᶣͻȻ־ò֮ǰɰء
һԼҲͦȤζġ
ڳϵӿɲǹлᶵġ
ȻǵҪúñҽһֵ˵ҹƲᳬһʱҪˡ
ʷ˫͹ƽ˶Щ⡣
ɣôĽͬѵ˵£
лᶱһôһѣҲæŻ᳡ϿȥԽüͷԽ
֡ôôİףȻлҲܿ췢вԡ
֮ǰǽʱѾټҶڳЩżҶ̵ˣƺӡ
ǮҲڽҶȫɡ
⻼һ϶ܹϢĻôļҶضڹڹĵλͣݿһ㣬ӿԿˡ
ڹ֤һĻһ
ܿ죬ݵĴͱˤʮ
Щ׹ڵأһʹֻﶼŲţ˵
¿Щˤˣɫ䣬ӣ塢Сߡ
ʮˣȻȫѪף
ϻΪһ׼·Ӧʢװʱ˸°ߵġ
һ˲
˵ʱ٣ʱ졣
ЩİļҶҲͬһʱ佫еذֱӰ˳һʱסߵĿˡ
Щ˾Ƶıͣ˿ҲԼ׸
һ׼Ѿõı
ң
»عͷԼĶԼصĵСЮ֡
С࣬ҡҶ㲻µ۾Ѫ
ǣĹ֮λ㲻Ķˣͽܿ϶ˮ֪ʷ߸أֻͲӰ
һĬĬ²ۡ
ن£Сϲ֮ǰͣ£ҪҪ˻ڳ͵ĻϽĽرͼҽ
رͼ
һĴȣжӯ
ˣ
رĲرͼôЩ꣬ȵˡС˵Ҫû˭˵Լģ
ڵȵ㣬û~


23
һڲȱǮ
ǮҲǲáرͼ趨һٱС˵оʮ趨ǼٵģʣµʮڳıزͿ˶/ҩǻɽ̮
ֶ֮ܶǲڽġ
һԺ˲ͷ
رͼǼ٣ֻ֪Լһ˴񹬳ҲǽƽˮкȤأ
ԱߵлĲңһԴԴϵǮһ˹ƶˣ˵׬Ǯһ׾ٵ顣
˻Ϊرͼʧȥǣ
ܵġ
лһֱһߣ㶼ҪΪⳡ־һģΪľϷɻ˵Ϊһʼ϶ϴִأ
Ѳɣ񹬴ӱ;õʲôϢ
л˳˼
˵Ȼʲô·Ӳ֪ʲôflag
ص⡣
رͼ֣ը/ҩһ̾͵ȼڳнʿ顣
ҳƴֳϦӣΪĻ֣вرͼﻹõࣿҪǰ֪ҲͰˣϢװɲ֪
Щ֮УҲ֮ˡ
ЩôλεĽرͼ˵ɼǸûд»ڡΪҶֻ֪˲ܱܣЩУѾ㲻ǻˡ
رͼʲôرͼңҸ֪µĶæĵʦ֣ǲŪôĲرͼȻҲеҲֻôѰ
ò˵µĶӻһ㼱ǵģʱݵĴΪľǳҥԡ
ǳͽڶǻдȥĿܡǺͲرͼϹϵһٸҲǸƵġ
һǴҲᱻѡΪһιˡ
ǣǰڽҲʱƵعˣݣ¸ԱǮǴأСɫɭɱ٣ġ
ƺʲôС񽥽þ㡭ǡ
ʵֱ׷ɱ·һĵĸ¡˺֮Ϊ˻ر𣬾һֱСĵ¶ӵĲϻһϸϸĺۣںļ˵Ǹһ࣬γȡΡ
˵ˣѾȥˡ
ҲζţС˵Ķġ
һΣһϮ㻤޶һͬߣɽԻļùŹ֮ʣΪһͨôĳңǸԺʱ͵͵˳ԭ⸻ǰ֮󣬼һŲرͼ
µɫѾ
лɫҲЩá
ڴ֮һֱܲҲһֱ·ݵģпڽԱĴˡˣлᶲŻҽΡ²塣
лҽҽϡҪֱЩǲ壬㲻Ҫ˶£ʩ˶࣬ҪȥûȥǮôΪʲôһյлߣ˵ΪԼأȱôȥأȻˣǵȸ·Ķαӣǲڴеġ
лɫ΢䡣
ЩǸ˲Ǯ
رͼϢ֮󣬾ɱģǸ޶ɱĸɸɾΪɱڣǵԻһңҲɱˣС˵۾ͨ죬ֻɽץӣʱҵĵҵļҶˣԶǣ㵱ʱҼյ֮뿪ıӰΪ˱һ·֣֪˶ٿ࣬հݵ£Ϊҵһ˶ã
Ѿ޿ɱ粵
Χ˿Ŀȫˡ
ɱնһң޹նɱˡ
ˣȻҲ˳޵Ĵ

˵գСӻ֣ɱµļֵͬܡ
¼Ĵ𣬡Ҿˣ
Ǻǣ£ˡСЦ
ѽѽնݲ紵һܵлҽҪô
Ҵ漰Թлᶳϵƽͬӵܽϣġ
ף
һգգۣе㾪ȡ
лҽƺе㲻һ
Ϊлᶻµ޶޹أ
ʵϣлȴֵΪ䵭
Ҳǡ
лһҽǱκһ˶ࡣǽˣɱɱ㶼ǳ£лǳְһһǷֵأ
£رͼһܸһʹ졣Сȫ°ʮ˵һرͼأӦ
ʱĽرͼĴɡһ̲סл˵
ãҸ㡣¶˶٣ֵҵĲرͼֻе֮һҲһֱԭҵ괴ݵǮүġ
ɡС´ӦѾ˼ϲɫ
⶯
һԱ߿ţͷˡ
ĽˣӶǽˮôҲϵ֮ʱʧȥأҲ̫ˡ
Ҫǽ˶̣һԼò˼ʱͿһͳˡ
˵Ҫǽ˶̣һͳҪǸ
һòʼһ㽨顣
㽫ҵ˷ˣǼƥҾ͸㡣΢΢ͷԼϵĲ֮ɫ
ѾˣӵλŹӡ
СµĻɫɭں̸
ֻǲ㡣´˿ҲѾһһǣҪ󶼲ϴӦôĻҪȷżˣҲܸرͼ䡣
СɫһļͬȴһȻϣС԰֡
ֻǷ߼޹ؽҪ˶ѣֻҪرͼ֣һ֮˷ǵټ
ãֻȷˡС಻ô⣬Ը˽µȫ
УǸװǳ±ץлۡ
л۴˿̵״̬̫ã廨ﻹŲȻڿ϶ҪС
үӣѡɣѡС࿴һѵּˣϸִϣ־ɫļЩ
ֱ⣬ҪôѡҪѡأ
ңҰʱ򣬱СЮŵ˷Կˡ
С࣬ǶԲ㣬ʦĸһֱ㵱ӣѸߣֲ书ôҲĶ֡¼ðĿ⿴С࣬ŮѾˣǳ͢ɱˣҲﲻŮ
һСûֱӻش𣬷ֱ˳
¿ļǼڴ
ĶӣӣȻҲֶֶŮȵȡ
лҲڴĿ¡
ʮֳ谮Ӱ
һղҲ¡
£ҪסּѪӦȥѡлֳӵܡǰ˸棬һûˣ̶ܹѪ
ǰѡҲ֤һĻ
ֻվҪһˣԷôǿʵȴԸ֣˵Ҳرͼˡ
֪Ҳ㿴ųġ²촽˵ǸúӣĸϣΪеġ
ãȫ˵ˡ
һ˸ּۣ֪ɫˣС²Ƿ˲ŻŻɽԼǸͰ»ܹסɫӣ
ǵ̫ʴȸʵʵĻ뻹¾Լô
СЦԭ̵ôãΪ֪ҲǿģǰҲһֱǰҪɱҲȷЩ᲻á
Ͻֳϣ֮ɫ
ԣҲűɱСתһסֱ֪ͱ˸Դ
֪Ѫлϣŵлۼá
ְ㣬ȷ֮ǰΪץҺЩ֣ô뿪أСཫ֪Ѳ˲ϵѪ赭дʦ㻹ǻһɡ
ɫҰףĻعͷȴǽĿСϣ˺һ
Źӣҽرͼ׸
һ˵ţһѸײڶ֮֮ʱֱȡԼĽһ˹ȥ
ĳһƣ飬ܿ¶һŷƵƤ
ڽС־ŭֲǱ궼ûҵرͼ䣿ԭ¾Ȼ˼թرͼڽ֮Уֽ֣ܵ
С༰ͬһʱͳһ˹
ͬʱӵ˽³ЩҶٶȻеˣͼԼļˡ
ıͣͲ
رͼӸһܹ뵽Ļˮİ취
ⰢŹӺСԲһȻҲӦôѡֻȴмһԹ
ǿʵȻۻ𣬲ϳ־ˡ
һȻ⣬ȴܺĵס
ģʱȤŤ
²ȥԹС࣬Թһѹûʲôϵˡ
ò˵ҲʵǷ̡
Ƥرͼ˵Ŀ֮УƮƮһС
Сġл֪һ书ɲ⣬˿Ҳⵣ
һЦǿ籡ֱӽȫɡ
رͼжǺôҲϢһ¡һ˵
սӴرͼѾ˱ڵơ
ֱֻڵٶֻά˶̶һ˲չЩ˿壬漴֮ɢ١
лᶾȵĿһ
ٶ֣
ˣ񹬵شɳĮɳĮ֪жٶܹɳĮ֮꣬зḻƶ顣ټһǿ󵽼Źֵʵ㶾¸Ͳ
Ҳûźá
ûܴԼӵļ˳ţͿҹ˼ˡ
ֻܲϺˡ
үӣ겻
˵ֵܣҪͱ𣬿ɱҶĵӸЮ˰
˵ҷɽҲеأ
˴żȻͬķΣȴǴͬĿĶ
˵ڵˣֱǽھ֡Ҷͷɽš
ŵģȻҲǸԴк֡
һЩסıͿǣз׷׺

ţ
󵱼ҵģ
˷
һʱ䣬޷ء
һĮ롣
Ҫûн񹬵ĵǴ񹬵ĺ϶Ҫ
ɶϰһذ
һĸߵ뵽
ھȻһɽʮ֮һΪʵǿ󣬶ΪֻǰɣڵǷڴٹ壬ǳֵ͢ˣʵǿҲûб⽭֮С
˼
һ°ͣЩȷɳĮ̫ˣѾϵʷжϢԴͷرͼϢȻҲûд
Ҳԣ֮ǰȱǮȱʷ˲ŻὫƵϢй¶
лûʲôҲ֪ͬرͼ£ɼЩҲֻȼ˲֪ˡ
үЩǲصĺãû뵽رͼȻһҶİҶ̲ס̾
ҶҪҶΪһһʲôģһ߶߶ġҲŪһƷЧӦ
Ͼÿɵֶ̫üǣҶȴǿ־֪෽㡣
ҶҲðװ׾񲻹Ŷʮ߰˵ͣȴǳĺʮʦֵܣ书ϳɣֶεϰ֮λ
ȻҶٻǸЩʦֵܾͲǱ书ˡ
ֵܣҲʶ꣬񱾸ϴֵĺӣȴŪҲĲ̡رͼܲһҲͰˣȴǲˡɽɷǣ˿˵Ҳ֮磬ֻ΢΢̾ȻԸΪѣֻҷɽĵȴڴ˴ֻҪرͼУǲҪġ
ͣװʲôأھֵĴ󵱼һĺȻ˿ҲĲ̨ɽ⼸ճɶУ˵ĵЩÑģı·ȥˡرͼܲҪҲס뵱ͷˡ
ɽ̨ҲҶǻ콭ֿڷԣźαͱˣ
Ӳս
ţͣҶӶ´࣬ǲҪ׸ԼǱֵĺáɽ˵
ҲϺˣƤӡתͷ££ֻгܹ͢ˡǽرͼϣҲ˵ܹһҶܾһ롣˳͢ҲõĻᱻѰ𱨸
⻰ǲĶġ
ֻûлش𣬾ѾǱߵһ˻ͷ
رͼӸңҪˮšһֲ´󣬴˿̴ҡڵлһʷ˫͹ƽҡҡϵĲرͼҵˡ
ʷ˫͹ƽ˲űлᶽ˶˿ǻָʵʱȻҲ
ϾǰվŵĿǶŶýһСθҺҷ
ǰŹڵλҲͰ
ʷ˫Щ鷳ˡ
رͼҲ˵ΪرͼݣѹûжϢţҲֻܾ֪ˡ
ڣرͼȻУ
ѵ춼ڰʾĸŮȾָô
λӿЩ
֪Ժδ
û뵽ᣬֵز
лҽȻҲڣ
ֻ·лᶲԸЩ飬λģҶԲرͼȤ
ǽһеĺôˡ
˵⻰û˻šл˵⻰һԸоҼˡ
ȵȣҲ̫տһɡ
ԽƯԽźòã
лһһҴ壬ȻôһݲرͼҶлᶵǺܿлСҪߣ¾ֻǺ滹Щڸ;УлСӲڴ˴Ϣȹһη粨߲١
ˡлҡҡͷлҵĺ⣬ȻҾ뿪
л磬ô߶಻áһͻȻлᶵļһõļƣôҲҪҰ
㣿
ҾҪˡ
лᶸоһҪŲԼ塣
һȴлᶸá
ȻһŮˣӣ˫壬ϲˡȻлǰҲûù׼ǻڵҽѧоһ˷û˼ˡ
СֵܣлСӺ죿ҿһλεĲرͼЦСֵܣ¶סĶ㻹ᣬǰ;ǲҪĺá
𵱼˵еһͷڳһº޺˵ղ˵滹ô
δ˵ʱ򶼲һˣֻҪԸ⽫رͼһж˵
СֵܣҷɽؼҼ񣬵ȴݣʦֻȴûнСɽԼЦҷɽ꣬ܳΪ֡
ɽ书û䣬ǽرͼҶǰɵĴ󹦳ҿԸ㸱֮λҶˮӣЩҪˮ϶Ըȴ룬Ҳصκκ⡣ҶҲ㶼Կ
һǣֿԼߵлᶣȤˡ
Լʵ޷֣Ϊǵ书Լ
ɽʵǿ㣬ϾͲСˣȭ׳ȻҲ̫ˡ׳꣬㹻ɫֺαƴһϹͷʲôرͼأ
ɹףǶԼôΪлᶡ
ΪлõĴ򣬻Ϊļ
лᶲлҵ֧ӵܣҲǸϵ
ôһ鱨ž̫һЩ
лȻΪлҲΪһ֧ʲôԲŽлᶸ˹лǵϵץ˵г裬Ϊл棬Ҳ᲻񹬶֡

֮бһΣء
һеź
˵лҺǮҪܹǸеȫŮӣ˳ǵĲҵó͢ű߾óףһͳ¶԰
磬ߵ·Ҳǲа
һͻȻĿлᶣл磬ݲرͼӦø˭أ
лᶽ㰮˭͸˭
һ⻹³Ц
лǾԲŵġ
⻰һ˵ԼǸ˻Ҫ
ȵȣԼôҲһȾ˵໰ˣ
лᶲ˳˼
ԼҲ̫ˡǰѧľ֮ɲҪúʡ
лⷬҵġһư̾ƺĲһ㣬ҸղſʵҪԸ˵ڣұ֤޶Īǵ˽ʱգ㻹ң
лᶺǺһš
ſôεӣɫЩɡ
ǰ֪лᶴ̰ɫôܵӣɻ˵ԸΪѲرͼ
ԭˡ
ֲá
ֻǽЩĽлᶵŮǶҪϴˡ
ҿлᶵĿʱͱùŹ
һЦ
ӴЦЦԼݵóҪûˡ
ɣлᶾ͸Ӳ񹬵ˡ˵ˣ񹬵Ůӿɱǿлϲ˭æҲˡ
˭лǲүأ
˼λţлƺԸ¡һװģ̾һƺǿյӣɣҲҪرͼֻôѾߣǵĶ֣ҲԸлΪҺǶϡ
Ѿͷʷ˫ƽ˵
װ
һװ
ȻֻһΣҲԲǱ濴޺˵ģСǻڵɡ
ӣСǲˣʷ˫æ˵
ʵûǿĵز˵Ҳܲˡ
ЩˣСﻹ֪ܲԼΪ˼£
֪ԼЩ˵Ķ֣رͼֵһ书ɲ֪ԼôһܵġˣҲֻܴԼֵǳˡ
ⷽ˵СҲǸ
踺ض꣬鲻֮͹ϳˡ
ݱ£ɱǿ̫ˡ
ŶС֮ǰɱµĶӣҲɱ˿Ľָˡ
ϳȥ¾лۺͼж֮⣬˼ˡ
֮ǰŮ
˵αװ굱ˣҲʼǸԶȫɱ֣ռرͼһɱ޹Իһҵˡ
л۱¾ȳ֮ƺеȴʶľЩԶ
ʶ游ˡ
游˵ʱֻΪĽˡԵĻҪȵľԼ⼸ѪԵȻԶгϢġ
֪ΪʵǣлۻǾó䡣
Ǹҫ۵õܣǿԲġ
ֻҪٵȵȣЩɵˣõôҲܱסһġ
ȴָСɱ֪Ļᡣ
ѵĲ֪Լ˵ǸѡẦ֪ôô᲻ֻҪһѶѡ
ȴû֪Ը⽫Լ游עأ
λţҲˣǸС಻ǳ֮һЦּӦñǰΧˣܣɼʵǷۿرͼҿɲðա
⼸ôûзСܣ
ֻرͼСʲô˵ˣСҲǱĸ֮֡
ŶɽƵĿһСֵþˣ
ȻһѾĳ
ٵһˡ
һɽҲ˿һѾЩˡ
Īķˣ
ܣŶ󣿣
ɽһ
Ϊڣֻܽѵ⿴ˡ
˿̷ɽϸһԽԽе졣
ֻʹˣһʱôҲ벻
ܿ죬˼ˡ
ɽ׺ӢɡɵͳͳˣһмŻòŮӴӵһҲ
ƽʷ˫˵ɫˡ
ʦ

һҲ˳ſڴ˹ȥ
⣬Ƕˡ
Ϣĺܹ㰡
Ҳԡ
һ˵ǳ˲رͼǿ϶ǻֵ֪ġЩܹôϹ϶ҲϢġ
ֻ̫죬Ҳ̫ˡⲻΪСදֵϢй¶ô죬ֻʱ֪ģ֪ͻϴִˡ
ƶϣⱳһֻ֣رͼڽϸ꣬һдɲرͼݵϢʲôġ
һˡ
˾ķðһԼȤԷ
ĲˡһͷлᶵļϣлᶹϵޱȣƺǱЩ˸ŵˣòлһ㡣
Щˣܹһαװ˻治ࡣ
Ͼһᣬİ
ֻл֪һȫһͷų˼ޡ
һϷӣ֪ûˡ
вٽŮ˿̿һĿѾͿûʲôˡ
ʷ˫ע⵽ԼİҲһֱлᶺһ
ֻ˵񹬵ŮӣʹСǲġ
ﰡҪһ㰡
ʷ˫˵Ȼһ϶ͰﶼŹϾһ׵񹬳ˡ
һǸˣǺлһҹĹӸ
׾жķ
ҶԲرͼȤҪлڵ£ҺȱǮһ˶٣漴һĿ˵أرͼҴ͵λ۰ɣ۸ߵã


24
ڳЩֿܣգ֮֮飬ȴΨûȻеѡ
ڽϲûоΪһЩƥ̼߱ʱͻôɡɣóǲرͼ
ֻ֮һҲǲرͼ˭ڵõرͼ֮󲻺Ҵţȴóģ
һ룬ЩַʵǸرõİ취
ǰӸȻлᶱӣǿлᶵδػǶԷһֱرͼʲô˰˺Ҳδ֪ʱҲ֣Ҳ޴̸
ŹӽرͼڳκһƱؾҪʱõرͼôıôһأ
͵۸ߵþȻ˽õİ취
ֻǴû뵽İ취ƾְˡ
һʱ֮䣬ſһͱЩͨĽ룬ͲЩӦùĵˡ
һ
ιιִῴС˵ӰӾģ˵ԼŲرͼҵغòãһǵԼЩĵʱ򿴼һĿ˵ܶܵԽȥԽ𣬵ǳɹõӵ޼ЩͨԽ߷Խ𹤾ߵ˽˴󷢺ƣͨСдһƪ˰ֵƣһͷۡ
һģߵˡ
Ȼð
ҲõЩ֪ʶ
ԼĽܹ¼˵ǧܳڸԾء
һ΢Цʵ˼Ѿɵȥˡ
λӵǻǹˡʷȻŲļһЩڲĶԹΪ֪ϵ񹬴Ҳ
һ֮ǰҲʷĻʵ޷ֻ￴һ˵ʷˣҪʷ˫һһԼǿߣҲò˵һ䣬λѹʷҶûԭġ
˵ģųƾͲ˲١
ʷôҲ񹬵ͷȻô򵥵ͳǰˣǻһ˵ҲҪһӵĽӣ̧εĶҪǶˣó֮ǰδǿһԼ񣬴ﵽ˵ЧȺҼжŬһ񹬵ǿ
һ˶񹬵ľ£ʷ٣书ȲڳļţҲû˸Ҷ
ڡ

һ΢΢̾
񹬣һҪץŹЩʵȨϺúöһ¡ŮӦôܽ˾ޡĿγ̡
ϣ
㲻סӣô
ʱ˿ʷһ֨Ҳɼ񹬻ˡ
Сý׻أʷƵѯʵ
ʳڣȴûгֹȻҲҪͬĴ㡣
û취ڽձûжȻҲΪ֮һĲرͼҴҵĸˡܹǾõˡ
ЩɿһĶ찡
һĬĬ²ۡ
ӹŵ񣬴ûпһֱųϱĵЩɵҲûвҵҲأ˵ʳԽԽյĵԽԽ࣬ǵ֮ٱ˴˿ۣ˺ӣɵһӡ
ˣûбдʩңȴʱԽʷƾõɣͱеӵϵԽ塣ܶһţҪǸϳȥҲ޴ȥұ˴˶ףܺأ
ҲˣЩɲγһɼó͢Ҷˮӵģ㳯͢ԸǣֻҪǳˮܣͺѶԸˡ
ϧᾭ̵˲վ٣ԽǴɣԽǹϵӣɾ̵˱ҪĸסӲ̰УԼɵɶãαسֺõأ
һ񹬶صƷ͹ˡ
񹬵ŮӴ޿Ҳһ֮ͻֹͣˣ书ҲȻıдʩŮױţµĸߡ
ɪɪľ˲ţȻ࣬ôҲмųġ
ûнҲɡһ˼һֻұϾǳҪлҲıı
л:Ҿ֪һ׵ķŹҡ
ֽĿ׼лᶡ
ɣлôԸһ֮ԭؾۣ
лᶵҪܾ֪ԼܾˣһͲº޺ˡǿӲֶΣһҲὫرͼȥġ
ðɣλԸ⵱֤ˡлȻֽԹ뿴ôͬһǿʱضһȷѪꡣ
ûɵģлʶľþͳΪУʤҲһһ
лҽλСӹϵءʷЦºλǲΣ
˶Ȥ
ǲϲˣʲôϵ
лᶿˮˮˣŹҲǿ飬˯һ˯ܹʤˮǼǰ˯ˣ
һ뵽ʷ;ûǾ
ʷ˫ԼҰɫ֪ǿлᶺһˡ
ȷֻƤ࣬ڵġ
ʷ˫֪ǿɲƲ硣
ʷ˫ֻԼĸ׵䣬ϣͣԼ˵
Ȼ˽ܳȥʰ㡣ʷʷ˫һۣвǸаŮװļһ˭ҲҪһһʮ˵
ģῴŮ˼
ǣŮлᶡŹӴһˣôͿǸŮװΥ͵ļһˣ
ƽ಻ʷǾòС
κҪմԼŮˣ
ͽϽȥ·׺ƽնԹƽҲǳ谮мӣϾʦ˭᲻ϲĵʵͽܣɼƽ٣׺ҲԼһˡ
ƽҲҷʦֻһҪõʦ֣ȥ滻һװȡ
ҲˣͿʼɡһѾʼԾԾˣѾȲҪʼرͼˡ
СӺαżЦرͼֵƣҳȻЩϵȴǲࡣһлҽϲ
˵գŴȡһССľ
Ӹճ֣лᶾƺʶʲôͳųſ˹ȥ
Ӵ򿪣һֻӨ͸Ĳϱ
ֻϱЩ̫ӣɣҶģʱҪ
ΪϣǾ綾֮ȴǽⶾʥƷżȻõ֮Ҳ˲˼Ҫϧһֱ䷨ŰҲûӣǡüлҽ֪ԵСԸ⻻ٺòˡ
Ȼ֮ǰһֱû˵һ˵ǽԾܾġ
һǰֵĶлᶰ˳ɸ˴һźţǾⳡľȨʵлСˣ²֪ľŹϲʲôл֡
лᶵϲã½֪
ϵʳӦǺͬľ綾֮ͨɣҶѲŻԵĶǳԵĶˣúͨûʲôлᶵ˫һֱϣܽƿ
ȵȣǱԷԶô
ûİ
һЦЩӲӲлһѣ漴лƺƳӿıһҪҪءȻˣҸɴӺˡ
ɣлæŲһĳСֺõõú˿ƺܶҩҲõġ
Һл翪ЦġһǳǳЦлϲĶôԴأ
˵ϻܰлᶿʲôõҩҲлᶣҪŸץסѱˡ
ôһƳӣǻ˼죬ô㶫ҪرͼҲδ̫˵㣡
͡Ӣ仪ǸģҲСšΪ䣬СС;Ѿšʴ䣬Ӣɵص书ڽҲһһĸ֡
˵ţôһƳӣҲõó֣ɱ۸˼Сʶأ仪ɺĲ̨ͲųֵĻᣬСӲ翴ҵĶ
仪֣ܿеӴǵȡһ
λ뿴
仪еĹβ΢΢Щƣȴѹ˼ֶ˵ζ
һΪö㲻֮ͨҲܸо˹ٵ֮
ΪǣǰǰһħУҲİ֮ۼֵ˵Ҳֵ
ǸģΪЩҹ嶼Ҫлҵģ͸֪ٵ֮ǰϣȻмֵ
лҲ͹ͷһ˵ٵļֵ
ʱһЩĶ
ʵЩĺö٣ǸӿصĻǱŵ书ʲôġǵһǳǵ书ȥóĶмֵǶɴ˵п޵Ķ
һ˵ѹͿЩ·ķʲô߼ۣܹʵʼֵĶĻġ
һ⽹ҲΪ⡣
ϵĲ٣ҡ
һϸҲϸȥܹĿɾ̫ˡô̽С˵ɱ˵Ŀɲ٣ο⽹ٵһô
Ȼ⣬һȴû˿ٵֻҲ̫ᵯ٣ܹлһ֣Ҳһ׮Եȣ֮ûиõģǱ㡭
СӺαżһ˵꣬ҶѾֱһĻ
ȿҵĶɡҶӻͳһöҶָ

ɣ
ҶﲻٰڼǽָЩ
޷Ҷ΢΢ֹ̧֣סһν㲻档ǸģһˣҶʱҶȡҶҴ󴬣

һʵĶˡ
ó׷٣ܴ˰ջҪЩ߾óףǮԳ͢еȥ˱߾óסһǮҲǮ֣Ҵкóףеɲһĸߣ
ҶĺпڽԱ
ֻΪ˲г͢ۺ죬ÿֻȼЩ˰ˡлҳԵ£ҲͬԵ£
Ҷ˴ֱʣȻ˲Ŀӡ
ҶҶ︻ͣαʲôرͼ
ǹǺЩ̺Ѿ׬˰ɡ
һߣպ

ҶǶʼвĻ粽ãǺЦҳҵļۣǳͱ죬ҪܳıҸߣ͸ɴó
Ҳû취
⴬Ҫ͢ģ˭֪;һӣ⴬ֻԼЩͨˣҲòôĴ󴬰ȥ͵лңʱ͢Ȼǵ鷳ˡ
ȵȣҷɽҲжɽû뵽Щ㹻ӵһһãԭ˿ҲЩҡ
Ƿɽ˶࣬Ȼ󣬵ΪţÿһҪſڣҲǳĲС
һ书Ϊ˭ǿʵ͸ʮʮꡣֻ԰ף˶Ľɷǵĳֻ֪࣬ⶼԼԺ׵ģһɽĵӾܽҵԿ塣
ţǷɽʲôɽĻݶǰ߲ȥˡһ̲ס˵ϣ侲㡣
˵СӲҪ졣ɽ˵ĵһָСӺлҽ뿴
ֻɽóģȴһеĵҩ
ǡ
ȣԭΪǲʦؽġɽҲΪֻⳡϵˣ඼ˣ֪ˣҩǣлҽȥúоо
лޱ顣
Ǻǡ
ˡ
Щǲ֪ܰһܵǼϲң裬־̫̫᲻ǮһĶҪо˷ӣĸˡ
仰˵ЩǱŷлɽկҩġ
ڹŴҲûʲôȨʶֻǲ뻨Ǯˡ
֪ҩлƵأ
룬ͲˣɽԼŰɡһŷɽ˵ʦܵĲҪҺл绹ᣬʱòϡ
ɽҲգϾֻóѣָЩҩܻرͼҷɽе伮СԸ⣬ԵҷɽԹ۵伮£Ǿ
ҪһǷɽĹؼˣ
Ŷŷɽ˹ȥ۾ﶼ
ɽûˣŻԼҵ伮˼㿴ˡ
ɽҲ
Ͼ伮ô࣬Ҫҵɽ书ķҲͦѵģ˭Ҳû˵ǵ洫ؼһҪǣ
ȻǷɽÿôͼ͵ʦģôһܳɹأ
һǺһЦƺԴ˲⡣
ɽĹʲôÿģ񱦵䡷ˣѵҪϵ书ͷʼ
СӲҵġʷЩ˸ĶҲΪۺ죬۲ȻǲܺǱȵġ񹬵ͷߣǿԽһơ
ŶһЦЦĿ
ܹģǸáʷſڵ
ʷ˫ͼ˵ʲôûжͱһεסѨá
һ
Ըꡣ
䱦ʷ룬лᶵҲãҲգֻǹؼ룬лҽ˵ʲôϡ
ǵҲǡ
ϡġ
лﰵ뵽
ڣһ˫壡ʷﲻݣĿƵĿлᶣлҽҽ꣬ˣرͼ֣֮ұ֤лҽ
ллѾˣҾԱߡ
лĬĬ
Լڲ˵ˡ
һЦĸᣬʷ۹⼸ܹγˮ㻹ʲôһ˵˵
д˱ԡʷ˫֪ˮΪܹסԼȴ֪Լ֪͵Źؼʱ򷴸һûʲô˵ˡ
һߵʷǰգգ۾Ѿסʷ
С۹ⲻ
ʷôţһ֣ϷϷͻȻоԼڵͺƱʲôһ㡣
һȴһѹ
һ̣ʷѾԿԼֱӵأȴ˫ֱһǰһڵϡ
Ȼûʲô˵ˣ͸ɴɡ


25
ʷˡ
ⱲӶûжô
յˮҲûڴ֮ͥġ
ȻҲϰ֮˵ĻΪ棬ֱ˱棬ȫ
ʿɱ裡
ʵ̫
ʷ˫ڳǶĿɿڴ
Ȳ˵治飬ǰСܹʷѹƵĺ޷֮Ѿˡ
㡭㡭ʷһӵҪӵվһְļϣ̩ɽѹһ㣬ζŲһ
ʷòĶ֮нһʵ
Ǿ޸֮С书ɲ⣬ԶԶ˵Ķ֡
ʷѾܾûгԹִܵĸоˡǵһʧܵʱ򣬻ˮṬ֮λʱ򡣵ʱˮ书ԶԶûкǰߣֻԼڶ֮ʧˣһ롣
֮ˮ֮ľŻԽԽԶ
ˮܹưԽҲһݹ͡
ȵȣԼôʱЩ
ʷͻȻ̧ͷϸϸĿһۡ
֮ǰһü˳Ŀһлѵӣûавչ¶ķâһֻ־ѹüȫһһ
ʷȥһͻȻƺͼеĳΪơ
һ˫۾ѱƺκ鶼ܽġ
ˣ۾
ˮʲôϵʷȻѾ²⣬ɻ̲סϣ˳
ڳ˲ΪʲôʷҪͻȻʳ⣬ʷôʣضԵɡ
ѲɣǰСʵô

ԭΪԼһֱαװȥġ
ܿϧ
ϧԼⲻʣǿ书ⱩƢôƳ֮
ȻѾ֣һͲȥˡ
Ҳֻһ棬ȻѾ̽Щɵĳۣڱ¶ʵƺҲûʲôϵ
Ҹ˵뷨ϣˮҪһ˿һĹϵġ裬һӵһȫûнӷĵ񹬾߲˵Ȼ֮ǰ֧ϵӣ
Ǻǡ
ֻǺźѪԵϵ˵Ӧҵĸסһĵ˵ýҺֿ˿ɲһ޴Դ󡣡
ТΪȡ
ǽ˲СڣҲǰԼĸġ
Щˣĸûбˮ۸ˮʱڳЩſԼﳤ࿡ĵӿĺһЩʲôʱͻᱻˮߡ
з顣
мɵṫӿˮĺаԵ˵ҪȥַˮҲ緢ˣ˵˵档
ƫƫˮ͵ˡ
һ£Щ˵ṫӾֱӱ°͵񹬣óıʹ͸˹ĵӣúõԼЦˡ
мӻ֮ƺ쳾ҪôҪôȢмӲ֪ΪŮˣ뷽跨Ҫȥ񹬵ˮг裬ǼӵʦųһļɱֱӸѵ˺üǱ
ŮˣҪ˵޶Ҳڣɱʵ࣬һ㲻ǲģҪ˵ǸˣǾˡ
ָŸɵŶûԿ˭书أ
һô˵ĸЩоȻһֻ֡ءĸо
ЩµĵһĻûôˡ
ȻˮĶӣ
˵ˮĶѾΪ񹬹ô˭Ҳ֪ε񹬹Ǹʲôû뵽ͼˣȻȥ֮󣬿ԺúúͬʦֵǴһˣ
ȻҲвٴĽĿġ
񹬰
ȫǴˡ
СӾȻ񹬵Ĺˮ¥̨ȵ£ʲô˶УôֻҪرͼƶɿɴͬ
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Ȼ񹬹һ
ȵȣ̥ôСƽƽӣͲеӰѲɣԷǹųϢͰģ
ʷ˫Ķʱͳ
Ľˡ
Ȼֻһ϶̶̼죬ȴܹԵĸо˵ɲ⡣һֻõ־ʹ˰书Ͽ²ѷˮ
ôһͰ˾Ҫʧܵĳ׵ˡ
ʷ˫΢΢ҧȴҲҪƴһƴ
Ͱﻹüֵġ
һ֪˭ֱ֮ɱáȻһûô֤ڻõĸŮĵطġ
ֻҪǻüֵԼͰȥ
Ҫһ
ԭʧˡɽǸʶʱˣһԱݣȻҪ֮ǰ
ȻҲȥһݡ
ʲô˶еð񹬹ģһղ¶һ־Ѿ˵ˡ
ˡ
֮ǰ˵ģԾЧҶ΢΢ü֪һ֮ӷˡ
񹬲ȱǮҽЩһֱ͵ĺܣǵҪֲԭǲ͵رͼ֮Ҳǿġ
ŶԼÿһҲжôˡ
һѹûųһγһҪúòϲС
ǼʷĸŮȻˡһֱʷļӵ
ǼŮ㿴ңҿ㣬ʷѹƵķڵأһʾԼġ
Ҳ񹬵ӣ»صҲȻ
ǣ
̾ͽʷʷ˫
ʷĸŮûз
Ϊǿһûɱǵ뷨ɽڲûգڷŭһӣô˵棬һҪŻ˭ҲԽȥ
ˡһ֣ʾǼŲеССˡ񹬹֮λҲǵһԭ֣˳һ㲻й¶ԼݡʷĸŮ񹬵ˣȻٲ뵽رͼľ۵С
˵һǽرͼ˳ۻǿԼرͼȤϾ񹬲ȱǮڵأҪֱ͵Ҳ鷳
˵Цˡɽ˼һ¹ƺˮΪͬҲǺǵģʹ˺һ¹ϵ¸ԵҲá
뵽ɽһһӺľۣӣϰ񹬵书¶в֮ҷɽһ洫ĺɷΪķȻʲôϳѧǶԵȴЧ⣬͹رͼ
ŶɽǴʲôµ伮ͬ˭֪Ƿɽûн֪书ŽȥķȷҲǷɽɽ֮
˵ģɽɽǲʲô⣬Դﵽ꣬˵ʮʮĳ٣
ϰ֮ˣٶаˡ
һԵ书ķĳ˵޼֮
һҪĶС
񱦵䡷ʼջһлԼʼ֮⡣ҲΪ书ĳͬǱ书˹Թɡ
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ҪһõģȻҲпһġ
Ҳ˵һϾҲǳμ棬Ϊ׺֮овСĶԹ
׺֮Ӿǳӣʱˮϣƭƭɫȥˡ׺ʧȥһΪĴӣС书ƽƽֻ̳ܽ˷Լĵϡ
һֱӰνѾǺˡ
ߡһҲգ׺ҲôǮˮȴˮ⣬˹Ҳֻ˵һ㡣
ǡתͷʹԼĵˡ
ʦҪʷ˵仰Ѿ·ĹƽԸô뿪̲סԼʦ
˵Ҳá׺ԼͽܣмֺɸֵζԺ񹬵ºδ޷ݣ
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Ϊʦ㣬һյʱ䡣׺̾˿ֻܷŻ˿
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˴硣ʷ˫û뵽ƽȻԣǺܿġϾζûпˣƽΪݾͶܶԶ֮ˡ
ʷܣӦ˵ʷáƽſڣһƽȣʷֻһŮûжӣһһ֪ġ
Ǹƭ㡣ʷ˫Щʧĵͷ
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ƽֱ̧ȭء
漴ֿһķ򣬡ء
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ƽȥֻʷ˫һֱճյĿȥıӰʷ˵
׺ǳ̣ʷ˫͹ƽ֮䲻һĿܡһЩ˼ֻҪʱȥһоͻָԭ״ġˣ˵ὫŮƵƽǱߡ
ˣ˭ҪߵģҲ뿪һҲеˣһֱôţиоζˡ
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Уҽھͣлҽ֪·˵꣬ҾʹԼºƺƵ뿪
ܿ죬Ͼֻʣ·ɽɡҶӢĹˡ
ԣȥɽ⣬ƺرͼ
ɽǳִ󷽡ҶֶȴҲ㲻ӣرͼҶ˵Ҳô֮Ϊ˱ģҪ̸⡣
Ըꡣ̸ðϲ̸⡣
񹬵شɳĮΧСЩСĻܹںһüǮ֪ǷԸҶһͬأǡֳɼɡ
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⣬ҪľǺк·Ҷ꺽ں·Ǽ죬ȴȱˮɳĮԺ·ҲϤлȥҲǰ״
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26
һ֮һĲرͼɽġķϾҶĺѾλˣ˸ЩҲû٣ҲһǮˡ
лᶣϻеһֻûǧǳȻԵòرͼΪźҲ֪ԼĶɽãһлҲôǵģֻԡϻԻǧӣȻǧϵġ
ȫʢʱҲˣõʱûлǮԼֱӻӣһҲ
㣬ųɿˡȵһлᶵ˴Ǳ߳Žϵݵлǰ
ԼлᶻǺܺõġ
лҪʲôֱӸˡ
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ǿɲС
Ҫȥ置ˣ˭Ҷβ
һвͬлᶵʱȴһԴǣһ˹ǰȥ置в㡣ȻҲ񹬵ĹϣϣҪҸҼǡ
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лﻹ֮ǰ竹Ӹӣģɥ֮ȮҲǿ˶١
ֻ֮ǰ飬Ҳһ
үүûαһʵ
˵Цˡл۵ͷɬүүУֻõܲͷõܻڵʱЩҲѪȻǿԳġֻݵѾܻõ½ҾҪɢˡܣ¼Ҳֻǵ˵·ˡ
үүصӦǾ⼸СõܣȵүүʲôҲʱ򣬿Լġ
Ϊл֪ԼүүǸʲôˣԲŲҼͣ
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֮ǰл˵һ֮ԲͻƣҪڵܺܺõںϡȻ񱦵䡷ܹȡеһӣȴŮӵģҪ׽֮ΪûеѶȵġ
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С˵ﳣ·ĳΪ̰ãϹ书߻ħ־ֱˡһãԼñܿһ·С
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27
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28
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ֵͣѾŮȺˡ
лᶶ̶ʱڣѾк˼ᶨĶһ˵кӣ˵Ӹ׵ĻҲԳΪӵĸס


29
ˡ
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˵̫ˡ


31
Ϊ˱һһҹ˯лᶷ
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ڽո¶ͷǣΪ˺ˬ󷽣ߺǾۼһѡǡһǵ棬ѡΪǻӣ˾ͽǧۿžܽӵķУ˭֪ǻӾͼһлᶣͽ˾ͽ͵ȫ˻
˾ͽҲֻܰ£ܲΪһǰлᶴְɡ
ȵ˾ͽʮʱ˾ͽԭ˾ͽȥ౱ֵ׵ġҵҲǽһһѧֻôһŮҲƯˣ˾ͽǡ䡣
˾ͽҲҵСŮ棬ж׼δҲΪ⡣
û뵽ҼֲԶлᶸΡҼĲֻˣСŮҲлᶸ͵ˣϼ޸˾ͽ硣
лᶾȻܾҼĺ⣬ҹˡ
˾ͽϢ󵱳һûԷ
ˡ
лѾζŮˡ
˾ͽǱһһлᶳֵĵطҪȥϲȥòЩϲлᶵŮӡôһܴлһسһ
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˾ͽִŵʱ򣬽ѾĴˣ˾ͽڻӵ뷨ˡ
ˣ˾ͽžܿлߣýᡣ
лȻڽɱضĴ˵
ⲻдлᶺ񹬹һϵǳǻõ֮һĲرͼֽرͼ͸˷ɽ
˾ͽ³סˡ
ҪлᶵҪֳʲô
񹬹ôûг˾ͽ罫·ǰѲɣǸ񹬹Ŀлᶣ
Ҳǲܡ
ϾлǼһﳤþͺŮƵġ
Ů˾ͽлֺּ޵뵽
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ָоû˵ֻ˵ϰ֮еĸоɡ
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⣬⣬⡭ܼѾ˵ˡ
ׯ˾ͽߣ֪˶ٸ֣ǳһ¶һѾ˽ϾųɾųѾõǰǡ
үˡ
үȻɽׯɡҲ羪֮ٶȽŴȫʵʵĻ˾ͽߡ
񹬹Բǣ
ʲô˾ͽΧЩ˵ģԼ΢΢ЩУܵһǿҲ°ˡҵģЩ¾ֻʣտˣɽׯĶ֣
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һֶ˵ҿջô˾ͽ˵ʲôһܹġ
ˣȻȥ˾ͽϾɵסܼҵļֺɽׯ飬Ǹûȥˡ
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˾ͽ˫Щ
ǿǳġ
ԷҪɱһӾѾ㹻
˾ͽûзԼôֲһˣлᶾȻܹߴţ
Īģ˾ͽ綼Щͬлˡ
ϣл񹬹жһЩӰɡ
ޣ篣ɽׯǱ߿ʲô鷢һһ΢С鷳֮󣬱ֱѯ޺篡
ɽׯ˰¶¥һ֪ˣֻǶԷһֱûʲôһҲ֪ЩΡ
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ȣ˵ЩбʲôôһʱЩ𲻸Ȥ
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˵ɽׯׯ˾ͽƺǳȥѰúˣÿ궼ѰˡԱ벹
֪һϢʷ˫˾ͽϢæվ
ĸڽߵĶ֪࣬Ҳ࣬ϸ˵˵ɡһʷ˫˵ͷ
ǡʷ˫룬ɿһ¹ɽׯϢȻЩص˵
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ˣҪ˫׼
ҺͰ̽ã˾ͽݷһ¿թ
Ŷ˵һȤˡ
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˵һѾżһϤĹѪζ
˵˾ͽ֮ʱйһݴ硣û֪ݴ˭˵˾ͽܹ֮ӵϳѧλݴ硣˾ͽԼ˵Ǹݴڴѧ֮ɽˣÿ궼ҪȥѰλ磬ϣرĶ飬ҲΪ̸Ѱ֮£һܡʷ˫˸ӣЦеĿһһ£ʲôܣ
˾ͽĽݴ磬ħ˰ɡһ룬һ𰸣ħˣӦûħλ߳
ʷ˫һȣ͵õϢô
Ҳµġһܺòµġ
ôܺòأ
ʷ˫һͷˮ
һЦ
ΪȻħҲʲôɱ֯ʲôģȻʹղһ齫ˡ
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˾ͽı֣ôǺħй·ɡ
Ʋ֮£Ƕʱ켫̵ĸٹ죬˾ͽó书ҲЩڶħǱߵĹֻ켫̽Щԭߣ˾ͽɱֶǵûʲô֪˾ͽ书ڻͨ͸ӽ˿ˡΪȷв²⣬ҰﻹȥǼķأǵʬǲŷֵġ
˵ɱ֮ôңٲҲûһ£ʬ𼣡ȻĶģ¶ˡ
Ϊ䰡
Ǹǲʧˣһ°ʵ
ʷ˫ͷ˵켫̵Ҳ׷Ǹ䡣˵Ǹ켫̵ĸҲΪѰҲرͼԭֵġرͼֳݣȥͳȥһݣʣµݣһݻǸС
һվȥɽׯɡһ˾ܹҵĲرͼɽׯӦÿһüǮ
ǣȥ׼޵
ǵðлᶶЩƯ·һֽ޸˻ÿÿ춼ʲôķҪУô
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ɽׯСӲǶлᶺôһЦ˵ÿ˼ơ
񹬵ǿһ̾ͱЩ
ô󷽵ôлɫ飬˩סô
Ȼǳɴµˣ
ȻҪ׷ϹĲҪúö


32
ɽׯͷۡ
Ϊʱ䣬ܵɽׯ͵˼ĺü֮⣬·ϻԴԴϵڵǰɽׯ͡
һʱ䣬ɽׯĿջΪ
ⲢΪɽׯʲôؼӲΪɽׯڽֵȷѪĲرͼΪ񹬹һų˵Ҫȥݷɽׯ
˶ѡ
˵Ҳǽţһڽϲé®ȴѾӵ˽˾ȲѵĽӦ˵񹬵ĺ
ˮʱߵǺаԵķǶ񹬵ܱܣҶ֪ǲõġ㣬ֱӿֽŶģϲ㣬Ǿ͸ˣֱӽȥȵ㱻ųʱѾˡ
ˮһһȥг޶ȵôڽ߶ˣ񹬳ҪΪҺãˮûнƵٲĵزˮʧٺ񹬺ǰЩӡ˶ǽģ񹬵Ŀֲʱ֮
һ񹬵·µı仯
Щ񹬵˲ǿв˵ҶԴ˻ΪιһȻڽ¶ûжãǵõ˲رͼֹã漴ֺҶɺڽˢһ
ţջָһЩˣʹòٽ˵书뿪ջ֮ǰֱִջĽ˴Դ첻˵ÿ˶ӵ񣬸Ǻ䶯
Ҫ֪ˮϯǰȥĽ˼˵ҲǧˡЩȥԵģ׬ӣ
󲿷ֵĽ˶ڲرͼʲôģҲֻ۲ķݶǶֺ֪öֻЩȥᣬֵײʿûйϵġҵõһݲرͼҲסֻǰװ׵ˡ
ʶǶڲرͼҲǴմֵġ
񹬸ӣֻҪȥ˾Уǿüŵġ
ֻϧջڵس̫СϢٶҲȵطĽʿյϢʱˮϯѾˣҲѾˡ
˶̾Ϣ
һж
Ǯι˴󷽣˵һֻʲôطʼˮϯأ
ˣһų˵Ҫȥɽׯݷõʱŷһ·ڸһߡ
лƣм˾κˡ
Ϊһڴˮϯ֮ǰѾڿջ˲ٻν׵߽ƷȵЩ˵ջԺӣǾͻȥ衣
Ҳ˵һȦֻصһС
һʧܴ󣬵ʵĻһӡ
һӣȴһ˽ʿһ󼰵ͺ
ͬģҲֱϴȥ˽˶ǰЩõӡ
ǰ񹬣뵽ˮҪ񹬵ĺаԵ
񹬣һӦǮڶӦ񹬵Ĺһʲôʱٰˮϯ
лǰһֱΪҪϴȥõѣһȴʵжʵףֻҪѧỨǮ͹ˡ
ϵЩյô룬һںΪЩˡ
ĬģǴ
ЩЩеĽײʿʼ˵񹬵ĺû֮ʱ񹬵Ҳͱϴˡ
ϾĸǮЩȴһëΡ
һ͵͵Щ֮дࡣ
Ʃ硰񹬶ˮϯײʿůôЩɵ˲ͣǰЩɶ˵񹬲ãԼѵͺˣ˵ǼǮأ

˶ϲƵġ
ȵЩɵ˷ӦʱѾһˡ
û취ǳ𸻵˶ࡣ
лǴͷβһжġ
Ҳۿţһڶ̶ʱ֮ھϴ񹬵˳Ĩɣ˳㻹ӵһ־ܺĺ
ʱģҲԽ𺳡
һ궼ţôڰϾֵزлҲıˣȴ͸һ
ԭлֻǵΪһ˫ʶһ壬һ˸ӸȤˡ
һߣܹĶƺĻҪĶࡣ
лҽѾҿ˴ˣۿɽׯҪˣ㻹ûпһۣлᶵ٩
ɲľлǰԼˣӦԼһֲл˰ɡ
ѽѽ
û취ô㣬Ҳܿհ
һΪ뵽
ֻǾãȥٳܹõĳɾͱڽҪöࡣлʵ˵
ٳû˼һмһ˵Ļӻ֣Ҳϲκ֮¡
òػһѵȥʵ۵ţʲôЦ
Ҳе̫鷳ˣϾ㵱˻ʵۣҲûеֻ棬ϳʵеĶУʵûеĶҲУǷ˲ȥʵۡ
Ҳǡл΢΢ͷϿһĻ
һȥ˹ٳ¶ҪһʲôʱҪλˡ
˵ɽׯС˾ͽ磬ʲô뷨쵽ɽׯˣһ㿪ʼʵϡ
ûʲô뷨ҺֻΡлᶲһôׯ˾ͽȴ˾ͽ磿
˾ͽʲôֵô
ô˵һʵôһĽߣҽͰ㶼⡣
ûʲôġлᶵǿ˵ܶƯֻһǰȴˡ
ҲǣҽĽߣӦÿŽһȦɡɽׯһ·ϣץľǲɻǳлҽͷġһ٩
лᶸɴͲ˵ˣһԽ˵Խ

ĵӽͣڳʾɽׯ˴ӭˡ
һ˰ƺƵҪעĿС
ûЩҪû񹬳ļһҲûЩΪ񹬵Ĵ󷽾Ͳϵļһֻһ棬ͱ񹬵ĵǸˡ
һأҲõɱǣɱ˶ףһ㲻þǳСһͽЩȫúõľֱ¥ȥĲõľͽø˵ľȥ̵Ļ
˵Щʿܻӭһݺݵ׬һʴġ
һҲ룬ɽׯҪ·Զ㣬һΰˮϯӶҪ׬ˡ
˾ͽҲ֪Լǵ񹬣ɽׯݲ𡣿һ˶·ˣôҲҪʾʾ
֪Է߲ƣڶԷ¶֮ǰҲֻˡһɽׯĵ̣ѵܷȥ
¡ûвԵĵһԸ˵ɫϣȥɽׯЪЪš
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޹ϵȥ﹬ˡ
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ׯ˵ˣҪѪҲҪһߡ
λ񲻹ʱɫãһʱȥջšɽׯѾܱ߶ˣֻλǰȥЪűɡԣﻹЩ⡣˵ţܼҾͽ۳СƱֱ
һƱ
ȥ湬޲¶ɫĽƱ£˹ܼһش
лܼҼţϵЦݲɸӲЩ
޽ƱԹϡ
һƱӹЦˣһǲС
ɽׯиɫҩĺͱ˵Ҳֵءʷ˫һ˵
˾ͽǹϵġ
ûŪһ֮ǰԸôֱʽߣɼǸбµġ
Ҳգֱ߰ɡһȻӣȻûгĵˣǺҪġ
ǣ
΢΢ͷϣŤͷһС˵ǰȥﶼʰˣǳ
ɽׯ˼񹬵¿ʼʰϵЦ˲˲١
㲻ȥôл̲סʵ
һӦòȱӣôھҪأ
ڻʱ򡣡һ΢΢ҡͷȵʱɽׯ˻ȥġ
˾ͽֱʽߣζĿǰɽׯһ飬ȫ˾ͽһáʹôһǲʶôʱϷɣ˵⡣
˼ǣɽׯ⣿лѾǵһμһֱˡ֮ǰݳ֮ǰһҲƵԤԡ
Ӧòɡһͷ˵ڶݲرͼһֱûжġ켫̵һֱ׷ٲرͼҲûлɹɽׯ֮ԷųǰɽׯҲΪ켫̴һϢǾҿҲѾµڶݲرͼˡ
Ȼö˶˵ģɽׯʲô
ǽҪ
ҲԶɣǾȥݷһ°ɡһлһЦˣޡ

񹬵µת˷򣬳ŵķ˹ȥ
ɽׯ˶ʱΪ˿
̫ˣ¿Ժúûȥׯˡ

ס֡лѹּߡ
أһȻͿʼְ·ˣ
Խס֣ҾԽǲͣءһĶĺܣƣľͽлᶵ·˴롣
𡭡ҴӦˡϣлᶸ޿ˣӦһܽȫѹ⡣
Ĳ࿼ǿôһеźֽô˸Ҳгɾ͸еġǸղлյӣǽ̲סҪٶ۸һ¡
³Ҫ·ˡлᶵĶļѪҧгݵ˵
ҿһֲôлᶵɫбڵƣһЩʲԸ˳л㣬Ҫúװһ
ﴫһ졣
һЦһ黹ͦġ
˴µеļҪˡлȤһƭŮȴĽ˾ȡ
ǲе۸̫ˡʷ˫ĵĴлҽеͬġ
һֶ֣ҲòϣʵеȤζ˼лᶣ޲Ʊţֻй۸Ϊ֡
㲻յӱƽʱǾӶ˷ҪÿĶôһʵ
лҽЩֻܼʷ˫ϾǸƻŮһĻɵĵͷ
һ·ϣҶڰۣ滹Լҹء
ôĻ
΢Ȥ㣬Ҳھʹһˡһ΢ɲ̾˿أ

篵ͷٵĴյһ
̧ͷҿ
̧ͷ
˿̣òһ޶¡
篣书ЩߵģлᶸҩۣʱӦò¶ˡһԺ篵൱⡣
ر·֮
ʣʾǲѧ
Ҳֿ֪Խһģһļô㶨ģѧᡣ
һ֮Դź篳Ϊһ־׵ļ
ģ񡣡
ǵҲڡһǺܺõģ򲻹ֱܡ
篵ͷ
һϾһɴ˶
Ȼֻ¶һ˫۾ȴĿˮԽ˳ȥ
ѽѽ˶һϲĴȥҪȥŶԭҼҷˡ
һ
лѾڱըԵˡ
ǰûһȻҪΪһаŮװ
û취ûзòһֵ̯˵ɽׯСĴڨòŮӣɫɽׯЩѡ
̫ǫˡлʵ˵һѿϾͲʣÿˣСԼӴòŮӡ
ǲУŮװʲôģе̫߳ˡһڰֵ
лᶱһĻ
ѵŮװͲ߳ˣ


33
ɽׯ˵ǵص
ԭΪᰵĹﲢôΪɽׯĴڣ˲ͳΪһҵ֮ء˺Ҳ˾޴Ļ
ţԭֶû˼ǵˣҲֻ˵һǡһ֪ʲôط
˿̣ɽׯĺɽ䳡
˾ͽƷԣƿڶƹȣۼԲ׽Ӱ
ᴥרõľʯ֮ʱǾʯϾһӡΧȴûаѺۡ
˾ͽƿأѾ¯ĵز
һƷͿԳ֮Ϊˡ
žžžž
˾ͽ׼չ֮ʱԱߺȻһ
Լʱǲκŵġ
˾ͽһƾͳĵط˹ȥ
һա
켫̵켫ƣҼǵӦ켫̵书֮һֻ̻ϵ˲ϰһߵӺ˰벽ɶ˾ͽĹ˵
ʲô켫ƣҲƷҺͽֳ֮ʱżȻһżϵõ˾ͽˮ©ǰͻȻֵĹŹӸǽᵽߡ
˾ͽҪ£Ҳĵˣ෴һΪġЦЦֱӱԼ⣬켫̵Ѿ˾ͽҸϹˣӦ֪켫Ȼ겻ԭߣǸ֮࣬˾ͽֿܵǱ켫̵֪ʧٵĸйأ͵ѧǵ书롣
˾ͽɫδ䣬˵ʲôһֶ
ûϵǷݲرͼҪغˡӼ˵һҪ˾ͽңĶŮȴδؼ̳ĺʱ켫һ˾ͽҵ³ݻҪҡ
˾ͽ˵
µҪʲô
˵ˣֻǹġЦã͡켫̵˱ضѾǱɽׯ֮УʱӦϣһֲҪûа취ˡˣõİ취ǻˮ㣬ҵи飬֪˾ͽ벻
˾ͽվԭ˼ã˵ͷԸꡣ
һࡣ
˾ͽʮ꣬˾ͽСĶӡ֮⣬滹а˸磬㣬滹һ˫̥á˾ͽЩ꿪ʼоѧŮɫģҲµС檽ţ˾ͽ绹ܶʮá
ôļҵôֵܽã֪ǵĹϵҲòȥ
˾ͽΪԵʣȵɣ漸缸ɽׯϷˡ˾ͽǰҪҪ͸һճû죬ͱָѹˡ
˾ͽҵİ˸ֵѾԸٿһֳˡ
û취˾ͽֻܷŷԼʼ
ֻҪԹԵĵκĵܵܣĸλȱһڷԡң˾ͽҲԼϵҲʮͷ书Ϊ˵ܻʮһʲôģҪλһأ
Ϊ񹬵飬˾ͽ鲻Ǻܺá˾ͽҲʶĲڼţǴԼһﹷܵ˴ޡ
ʵ˾ͽδĶŮɫôԣΪڵǰ֣Ŀǰ˵ܳ衱ĶǲֵܱĲһ㣬˾ͽԼδܹż̫

Ѱ
˾ͽСƼȣԼҪȥʱ򣬾ͿܼϴŲεϲɫһ˺ƺƵĴӽ߹
ţ
˾ͽ統Ӧ
ܼô˵ӣĽ񹬵һˡ
үҪҪܼϸʣߵ̴Ӹ˾ͽ
ҵӦûŹܼһȥϢҽܼˣȥ϶Ҫҵݺݴһ١˾ͽбߵĸһۣɣòˡ
үǸû뵽˾ͽ˵ҪͲҪˣͻˣҪǱ˾ͽߣﻹҪ
˾ͽ翴Ҳûĵĸһۣ۽ǵͻȻƳϵһ
ȻʽȴЩˣʮǰʱ˵ʽⲢص㣬صһ˹˹ĵӣһɴĸŮ³
Ȼɴ棬˾ͽЩ겻֪ˣһ֮¾֪ԷС˻Ǵˡ
ԣľ־˫Ĵˣ
ӣѾ㹻ԶЩ˲ˡװһСĲлᶵ֣ĵģ˳Ҳʹʾл˵̨ʡ
лᶱտڲԡ
ӣ֪㻹ڹûб㣬ֻһʵڴӮǡѾҵľ˹㵽ѵ㻹ܿҵô
ֻһ˵̨ʣһҲʱظľ飬չԼ
л룬һӦЩǿЩϷĶҪ
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ε֪ŮɾͲһҲǿм̳ȨġϾ˽һΪʦΪٹϸ֮ΪԼҺУתԼҵĲҵŮҲ
Ҫ飬Ǵһ˾ͽҶҪ췭ظֻǲ֪һô֪ģ
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34
һ⻰˵ĺ޵ôأ˵֮䣬ֽлᶾЩԥ
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ȻΪҡԷһˡһڻ˵֮ǰ̾͸˿ڡѵҪ˵ʵֻΪ棬˳Ҫմô
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35
һл˱ֱߡ
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˾ͽ˸顣
˺˾ͽ˵˼кպǰ֣ԭǶǣڣҲͬ˲ٶ¡
лš
ԭΪףȴû뵽Ķ°Ҳ٣Ѫ졣
ˣ˾ͽҲˡ
ѲЩ˶ӣ
лڻҲһһ˵⡣
ֻһĿˡ
лᶵӣһʹˡ
֮İ࣬ȻҲгĴһлᶵļ̾㲻һӣǸҸɰɣ˺ܺ˵Ϊֱ϶ɲôȱ¡
ţˣͻȻ˵Ҫȥ㣬ǲҲģһ˵꣬ǰ£ɡ
ȡл΢˼תͷ־ᶨܣԹá
ֻǵлᶼһᣬֲһĻﵽ׼漸ּ٣ԲҪһԡûеȵ֣һ˫Ϣ
лᶾ̷˶ֵͷ
һ΢΢ۣЩɡ
˾ͽ˵ҪѡŮ֪кν飿лҲЩڨڨֻתƻ⡣
ˣܻ֪ģֻҲΨһܹεˡһҲû׷ǰ˼ϾҲƭлᶲٴΡлǸɵһԱֶζûУҲᰲȵĻˡ
˵ףҵĴҾȻִһͷ޵ļ
Ϊ˿ңԹӦûáлٶȽ͵
ֻͻȻҽ崿òЩjianȫһ

лãȻǵϷ
ôôԾأ
лãϤ飬һ˿
ܺãл
СþʱǵƤϻСãö
ѡŮҲû̫ཨ飬㲻һһЦȣҪָĸ˫ûԴѪġ
ΣҪȽģһЩʲô簡ѩ֮ģҪǳº°µģҪעעˡ
УЩΧŸŮŮͻᱻݺĵӣҲԶӹ۲졣
Ҫǰ˵ʮӶʮĪĻҪԥյ׬


36
˾ͽΪлҩӴߣһֱЩ㱡¶滹ãǳʱǰ϶ᱻ˷ֲԡ
ˣɽׯٰı״ʽٰ֮ǰлᶾһڲѡΡ
лᶿׯǰ˵һĺˣЩ˾ͽѪĵӶлᶿ˵Сֺõ˼¡
ɽׯѪΪ
Ĺֻ˾ͽѪѧϰĵرɫģ˾ͽҾͻὫƸ޸ԼҵĶŮ뵽˾ͽҵϵ
Ļᣬ޼
ңã˾ͽûĶŮôֳڣҲܵãܱѹеѪֶΣ֪˶Ӣź޶ա
ˣЩǰһͨʱǶҪݺץסġܸ˭ǶŬֺãνġջˮҲһ
лᶵĵλֻҪһ£̾ͻ˽Щӵ϶
ʮϵĻ޳ϾͻûгͷģҲܳͷˡ
мҵʱҲ޳ϾмҵľͲûˣΪ˺˾ͽҽ׶ӵģҲûʲôҪѡ
͵ʮĿ϶У͵ĺӲŸոռ£Сһ㻹أҲ֪ҪꡣֱѾµģҲٽ̡
еᶼôװİһС˵һϵʵ
һȥûҩлʵ̫ȤˣҪˣ϶ҪܶϷ˼ȥǸлԹס
ԭлҪһҲŮװģһͬ⣬Ůװһ˿ϻᱻռˡ
лᶶʱ
һᱻռˣĪʲôħתɣ
лᶻϧģһϾ˫壬һӲͬռˣҲĻعȥһƽʱֵ̫УʱлᶶڻǲԼˣĻ˫һӵô
лֲԼˣҲûһġ
ֻܵóһۣһȫҲֻһΪһ¾Ͳðˡ
Ե˺лᶻǰư͵ĴӦһװС˵˵
һߣҲܷĲ١
˼ޣǷԼƤӵ²Űġ
ǵģˡǰ˿һлᶣСΪأǺĻش
ȥ͡лᶻӻ֣ʾЩɵ˶ȥ
лˡ
ǿĵȥˡ
ɽׯﲻ˶лǺջˮʵɽׯڵ˶лᶵĹ۸жܺá
˭ϲһƻִ󷽵أ
˴ǣ෴˻ϢõõչˡĶⳤģôһŮķˣұжˡ
ĺʵһ˦˦һ󱾵ϣ̲ס̾ʵҪŪ˲ѣͬһϣĺͲĸоȫһġ
ԣǸлϲˣһʮ㡣
һ֪û¹
ⷭһҳдӵļͥԱϵһЩԱȽҪ顣Ʃʲôʱõׯʲôʱõʹͣϲʲôϲʲôȵȡ
һЩСҪĲܴ顣
ѡ˭ԸΪūΪ澣лᶻҡͷв̣ܶ˶ū澵ˣ֪ˣʼղϲ
ˣܼʱлǻߵū澶ܺá
ʱ֮ԱץҲΪһŮαװ˹ŮȥΪŮŽлץס
Ȼлᶵı£ô׾͸
ɹѾһϳԹȴûиı䡣
һƺЩԼΪζл࿴ҲΪʲôлᶶᣬ˴ϰߺԸȫͬʱΪʲôԸлԼˣ
ȻΪлᶿԸ޴Եʣһ룬а취лᶹԹֻҪ֣һԸлı
˴ĳֽǶ˵һ԰˸Ӷŵлᶣһͬۡ
ȻҴ壬ӵò͵λ츳Ҳһˣбϲʱȴѡȥһ򣬼ˡ
˼˵šҽ򸣡еѡʱ˭ԸԼĺȥҽ
ʱκη˵ĹᱻΪ¾
ҽô࣬Щ˵ϰɡһЦ⣬ⱾĻ˵мȤģֻ˵ɽׯҲԻ
ǰС˵дɽׯ趨ĵؽ磬Ѿ㹻ϰٱͬ·ˡϾıƶȣҪ̫ˡ
ʲô
˽ǽҹ˱ǡһüŪ۵
ӣūšлҲУֱӽ׻ظһ
ղŻ˵Ҫū澺õ㡭
ѵūţ
һɴ졣
ѾʶСѾʼҧˣɲ֮ܺǰһ޼ɵĶŪˡ
ȣˣ˵£㿴һҳָһ˵гģĸ˫ɽׯһ˿ׯĶӣĳһǼҵĵ̱˸Żˣĸڱ֮ǰѾˣѰ¡֮ɽׯѧϰ书ʮֿ̿ࡣ
书ƺߣҲдΪ˿̱ƺͬŹϵĲáлָļ˵úΪĸ˫
ɽׯ︸ĸ˫ĵӻͦġ
ͷ¶̫ˣֻҪǼڷúԺһǿ׳Ͷһ˾ͽĹһ̵ڱֿԼɽׯȱǮȻԸ顣
ȻǣΪ鰡һ˵ֵģԸ࿴һ۵ģзֻΣҿ϶Ҫ񹬺ú

ѵӦǽ˴úһô
лʮֲ⡣
һַ˼ҳָһ˵˵ʮҾúǰ;
ʮΪֻʮнлᶷ
й󾫲ֻ࣬ʮнΣֻҪƣа취ġһ϶
˿ţڱƽƽպҲضΪ
ʵڲУʮˤʲôģȻһˡ
Ҳá
ǸţΪһѾջӣǰֻꡣлͷҪܹҿ˵ܾȻ
ǵȻҾͽ˸úÿһ²ôɽׯҲֻǵȻ㿴겡ҩֱ˽͵ȥˣ񹬵ˡ
ס̨
סǰɡģ񹬵ӻǺԭģԴǲȫĺͯǿ϶úöԴġһЦΪ񹬵Ĺ棬ҲֹһЩ׽󣬳̵ֹ͵ĺͯ񹬻ǺúýǸˡ
ֻǴӴԺÿһ˶רŵĻᣬѪԵϵȫ̫ܵӴ
Ͼֶǣץˡֶѣϲľͽ˸ŻȥҲû֪
һ˼ˡ
ô˵أ϶ȽһѾ
෴Щ濴ģһһû
лᶲе㻳һĿ
ЩνӣѵȵùģһлдĻֱԲ˵ˣ㣬ɼׯͶ˲ѪԴǶɽׯҲضĹҪʲôҪǽţȻҪЩĿǰôԺɫġ
֮ǰ˵Ϊ˸˾ͽѡŮл̲סһĻ֮ǰĿѾƫ̫Զˡ
ҼȻɽׯɽׯҵĶˡһԲѣ˵˾ͽŮʱ϶񹬵ˡڲǰ񹬵ķֲѡ㴢ɲõʱǻûüɳˡ
лᶻδ˺޳֮ˡ
ټһɽׯô̸֮ͳΪһˣ
㶼͵ɽׯˣΪҵ˼Ѿ˰һʼ磬ֵ̯㲻Ϊһô˼ֻΪ˿Ϸɣе߿գһˣֻܲܿȥ
˾ͽѾĲˡ
ԭϻнҰ˵˹ûʵˣ
θǲСлʵ˵
ɽׯڴ˵ɽׯҲӣ֮һһſھҪ񹬵ķֲǲе̫쿪ˡ
켫̵ѾɽׯӦˡ˾ͽȻܻӣܿϧ̶ӡһЦЦл˵֮ʱ켫̾ͻʽڽǰ¶棬ʱȻһϷԿ
浽һ죬ɽׯ˿¿źҪͶ뵽񹬵ء
Уθʵ̫áһ̾˿ʺϳԸҶԼǱٺòˡ


37
ʮֹģһ˵ĻʱлᶵһӦ𾪣롰һȻ񹬳
Ͼ̨סЩӣСѧľγȻ񹬵ŮӲǣʵ񹬵ӸӲǡ
ϾûжŮֻֻֿܹ˻ģܹ֮ʱᴦ˼ŮӸܵˡ
񹬵ӾԴ󣬴뿪񹬺ȢһܲŮӵţЩȨҹѾӵŮӾӶࡣ
ھһѾӶĿ˽͵͵˸г裬гŮԼҶŮı˸ĳг񹬳
һСﳤ󣬻뷨һ㶼֡
Ѿ֮Ĳࡣ΢ĩ£²Եġлʵ˵治Լʲôطֵһصģ޷Ǿôһҽȥ
лҽı£ȻġһлôһĻش̲סЦ˳ҽֻҪһֱߣҾͲš
л̧ͷһЦӯӯ֪ΪЩӣ⻰㻹ǲҪ˵Ϊá
ֻ˵˺ܶжҪ˵ĻˡһΪл˵飬ɷֱ
ðɡлûٶ˵ʲô
Ȼһûʶ˵ҲЩֵֹġ
ⱾѾһͷβѡһ顣ʼһ˵Ҫ˾ͽѡŮ˺ѾֻҪһϵģͲ˾ͽϵĵزˡ
˵һҪժˡ
֪˵ٶҲţɣȥзͣļһһеͣǸŽһձɵӵһλ
лᶲһĪĵһô˵ˣӦƺҲû
ôţ
˵ܲţʵϣ˵ĻҪͺˡһ˵Ҫһֱô·ȥٶȤҲҪ֪ԼЩ·ȫֻ֮ʲôأ
ҵ㽫˴
ԵȣҺܿ
һ˵ͻȥ
ɽׯĵͼѾģĴѲߵĵ书ҲôȫֲڿṦһεһ
ǷͣΪֻ꺢ͯǣԸɲʲôرѵĻϾһ书ӣҲǸͶĿǰҪĹڳæˮʲôġ
һϵʱǡÿһڻģĵ۸ͣ
ͣҲǸߴʣûбɵӣҲӦǽĴˡ
Ϊٳ˾ͽҲвٵϵѪĹӱȥе˵ļʡǰΪʵǿܿأҲֻͲƶ˵䣬ȻͿˡ
磬ΪʲôңͣЩͷ۾ףϵĶ㿪˵ȭţʽóҲԵøɡ
ȴ֪ʹãҲ£һƵµλЩ˵Ķ֣
Ϊʲô㣿ǺǣͣʱҵʱɰҲû飡
һɵӣⱲӶֻ
㲻Ǻܿôٿһҿ
Щ˺ܿ콫ͣƵڵأǰȭ
ֻܱͣĻԼԴŲҳ
ÿһЩ죬Щ˾ͻܹ۸ʱһĵĽЩˣǸҲǸ㲻ڵĻǾͻĸ
ΪܵСϲͿԺаԵˡСҲǿˣϾҪˣһɵô
ʹ˵Щʲô
δ߹ү˵ˣʱɲ뿴ͣ
ǿŵһɾͲˡ
ͣвʶģ˿϶⡣
߹Ƕˡ
ӣФС㣿ǺǣСֳͬҪȢ˼ã˰ɡ
˵䡣
Ǹɵӣʲôϵ

ŶǱݺ
һûż֣ϾڵݿɲǰҲҪȷһͣڵɵǼɵ
ôͣɵˡ
һԼϷĸ֣ȻֱܹԷǲɵɵ
ȵЩ۸ͣ˶߹ˣһƵĳ
۰ǸƯʲôʱŻأͣһ߿ޣһ߶ڵϡ
ûãĶҲ
Ȼɵˣ廹ǳˣϸɵԵȻҲ١۸ǸɵӣûгԱڵȻҲߴ󣬵ȴԵмţͲˡ
ͣҪҪٺȸˮʱǰͻȻһֻռͷ
̧ͷһÿĸ硣
˰ɣԡһʳݸŬһº޺Ц
㡭˭ͣ۾סĳռͷȥȴԡǰҲһ˺ҪԵģһҧȥ涼Ǹ룬ʱΪԼҪˣҪС߹϶͵ˡ
û⣬İɡһԼ˺һ鼦Һǲһ
ͣһȥû⣬æлռͷ˹̻ʵĳ
ѾܾûгԹ⣬ûгԱˡ
ôһֻռôͷȫȥžöЩˡ
лл㣬硣
Ҫ뿪ôһԷͣģҿ㿴ôÿ춼ܳԱҲ۸㣬ҪҪߣ
ͣƺЩסˡ
˵Ӳ̫һ˵Ļζʲô
ÿ춼ܳԱû˴ô
Ȼ
ðͣӦĺܿ죬һСǵ˵ܹܳԱѾʲôҪˡ
ҪǺ֮󣬾ͼ֮ǰʶƯŶһ˵һʲôС㡱ͣcpô죿Ҳǲܣϲϳ˵ʲôģҲС˵ﳣе趨
ܾöûˡͣ룬ҡҡͷҲҲ򡣡
һԷͣĻش⣬һϵǿúҺ⡣ңãɡ
һֻ־ͽͣ漴Ṧڿз衣
ͣǲš
ɸô
һŷͣߺ󲻾ãһ崿Ůʳгŷͣڵĵط˹
ֻûҵˡ
лڿ飬һʹŷֱͣӷ˽
֮ǰһ㿴һǷջӣжһͣᵽлᶸǰ˵
ͣŬ̧ͷлᶣ˾ʹסˡ
һɽ㡣
жҿл⻰ҽ飬ŷͣ˹
ߵͣǰǰǿͣƤ˿漴ִ˺һüͷ΢ȷжļ󣬲Ҫ֪ʲô»ҪҵĽһ
Ľһǰлᶿǽ벻ġ
ˡл̾˾ͽ书ҪʩչҪ븨
ҲżɵҲһˡһǲżЦеͣĽǣл˵ǲҪκˣҹƻвٵҪӵġ
񹬵ŮӿˣȾҪ˸ʺòãǲĺ
һǡáôˣΪһĸǰ겻
ϻвپˡлᶲ˲鷮ͣϵ˺ۣ̾ȥҲ˼ꡣڽ񹬣ҲҪҩĺúõȻָǣҲ˶á
Ǿοɡһǲ⣬˲Ҫһ۵ġ˵ˣ۶˵ͲʲôⷮͣԺ񹬣Ƥʶܺã񹬵ĵҲῪĵչġ
Ժ󣬺ߣû˸Ƿ񹬵ծ
һͣļֵȫեɣͲһ
ɽ㣬Ҫҵϱô
һлͣȥʱ򣬷ͣͻȻл˵˵ԺһرÿɽҵϱԳԵñůģ

лᶺһ˶Щ
һ̣ͣʲôͻȻʼ⿪ԼĿ
˵ˣܰ׳ԷģҹҲҪɻġ
лȫɵˡ
⡭
ɽׯﵽ׶Щʲô˰ⷮͣСԣڵľٶ϶˹ƭġ
ⷮͣɵɵˣ廹ǳġ
ЩƭҲǲܵġ
ۿⷮͣϾҪлǰѵġˣһǰסѨ
磬ʲôͣίˡ
ΪɵͿˣåˡһɫļԵγˮ
ˣȻлǰѹ⣿
һлᶸ˿ô죿
񹬵Ůȥл뻹ӣ԰סлᶣͣһ˳˽лܻʲô
һ̫ġ
˭ҶлˣåöԷúõıåһ£
лᶣҾǽֱӵ̨ȥһ͸⣬񹬵ĵҪ˯̨ӶҪӵġʱȥԼβɣֻҪҩС񹬵ŮȻҽ㣬Ҳǿ١

лЩûӦ
⡭⡭
񹬵Ĺ汾ˡ˵ˣ񹬵ӵòɫѵԿ˲ɣһлᶷôˡ
ⷮͣûӢʱҲУ͵񹬵ĵͰˡ
ЩŮһ춼Թ̨ػؾôһЩҪȥǿУ


38
֮ͣͱһˡ
ֻΪЩɵлվЩ̣˵ҲǷͣĴֻΪŻˡ˵ףͣҲǸ֮ˡ
ǱԼʶ˲ˡһŲЩӰ˵ģ񹬾Ĺء˵ˣֲҪھͻծôɵģҲûеӻῴϡһһծɣбñķʽծҲ͡
лҪͶ»ҪٰŮءлװŮȥͣôߴ͵ӣѧǹȻ϶ûϷ
лᶼһѶҲüȰ˵ȥΪһһ⣬˵ٶı䣬䱾͡
лᶺⷮͣҲûʲô飬ܹΪ˵仰Ѿˡ
ʣµ㻹Ҫôлֻתƻ⣬ⷮͣһ˵ǳڡΪնջӣлδΡΪ綾־壬ȴа취ġֻҪⷮͣɵͻ֪񹬵ĶɲôǷġ
ɡôһһҲûʲô˼ˣֻҪȺǱ״ٿɡˣһ⣬ҲҪЩ˹ǣȻʱҪɽׯû˿ɾ鷳ˡ
лһʱ֪˵ʲô
һ潫ɽׯԼĶˡ
˵ߡ
ʷȳǴл۵˻ȥҲ
꣬Ҳ֪񹬱ʲôӡ
֮ǰʷѾԼĲҵȫ˲ӳΪľܹ񹬵ȼü֮
ӦûʲôǮˡˮȥ֮ʱǮƣȻЧһȻҪԼһС
Ȼʷȫ׼ȵ񹬣⼸ȫװޡñǰƯĹ֮ʱЩš
ûϴЩĵģӦϺõޣһƥҪӡɫһȹļ۸͸ˡ
ң񹬣شɳĮЩҪмҲԼЩļ۸ҲҪǡôӣ
ʷˣʷһĵӾ͸ˡ
С֮ʱѾʷ뿪񹬣û˶ӡ󡣼һֱʷҲ˵һЩ񹬵飬Ƕ˼һտɵ׼˭֪ǼĻôһ
֮ǰһǷ˫ʱǻΪڴءڲ֪̫ˡ
л۵۾첻ˡ
֮ǰ;޺˶ǾѰˣɵ񹬲ŷֵȼ˾ȻкЩ
񹬵ĵӣһò绪˫ĵġġġģﶼӦоСеӶкܶ಻ʵʵĻ룬֮ŷ֣ԭЩȻģ
ϾȻôһطضˡ
ʦ㣬һ
Ůڼҵı䡣
ǽڣ裬һһʽס
ηǾȻŽ˵زʷ̲ס̾
ʦЦˣǻԶءѩһӿѾյѶ֪ʷʦѾЧҹˡ
ǡ죿ʷһ˺һŽеŮǰ˫Ůϵ
ѩĶ죬ӰŲȴټѭת۾Ѿʷǰ
Ṧʵѵã
ʦ壬ҡѩɨһʷˣΪʦ壬ˡҶ죬ЩӸǳŲȣڹУֻܺʮµĵһͬѧϰ
ʷЩɫѿ
Ʋô
ʦֶ/ˡʷ̬ܵͣж꣬Ҳ֪Ǹʲôʦֶ⣬Ϊҽһ
ʦģȻ֪޲ԡѩɨһȺӣŮװлϡ
лȫµĺëˡ
Ůˣÿ£
ˣЩʦȥϢȻϱŷ֮󣬸һѽҲΡ
ǣʦ㡣
ѩ˵¼ʷƫԼŮҲòϣѩɱʷ˫ǿˡ˫պܹѩɾͣźˡ
ʦ룬Ϊú˵˵׳١
á

ʲôңȻ۳ģ
л㱾£Ȼûкף
ϧϧȻδܻУȻСǺεʡ
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ʱ˵ĿʹһŲⳡ֮
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յ֮󣬶ûæŴ𸴣Ϣ
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39
ûĸûб׵ġ
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׺ͱᣬ̭һЩࡢ书ƷԲõˡäƼޣѾǿܶˡ
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Ⱥ˵ʮֿǣ
һ޾ɣվлᶵҲûʲô˷ܵɫ
û취л˶ڵ켫̵˽ǣȻǴɱķš֪켫̫С˻Ϊһ߹ǣĶһЩСආʲô嶾ʹѹûЩǰлᶵ˻ṳ̂żѾ˷Ķҧ˰ˡ
лᶱһҪɥ
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˾ͽΪҩԵʣ״̬Ҳûõȥĸߣû̫עĿҪٰôһᣬ϶ǻ۵ġ
һ죬ɽׯĿջѾõĵӶûпյˣȫ˯ˡܹõμһıϾҪֵǵס
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ЩͷԵȲ˵ֻҪشһ⡣һÿӣ¶һЦЦ
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40
ŵһĻʵľĴ
ȻС³󣬵үүĽ̵£ԽϵһЩıƻġϾүүǱֵܳŵˣ˴˲үүǰСԼȴ񹬹һμ棬ֱӱԷˡ
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ɽ˵Ĳ񹬶Ůӣˣһ·Ҳ֪˶˰졣Ҫúô飬ȻᵢһЩʱ䡣ʵżɸ˳ȥʾˣαࣿҶͣģһĺøѾ嵽˶ˣ΢ɽסôģȻߡ
ߣ΢ɽЩʲô˶
һȺĴ򣬽ôˣɽߴߴᣬʲô
Ϸ򲻹˵һˣǶλôšС˵ı¿ǲ͡΢ɽ겻ɽɽԭΪΧ˶Լȴл͸СΪ˸ǫ͵ҽڣͲ΢ɽĳˡ
ɽô󣬱˵һСǷǣǷҲ̫ʧǰ緶أ
δ
һ͸ۺԶȴš
᳡ЩżûһǵĳȴѾһĻɼһ书֮ǿ
һЩûмһѾġ
Թԣǰ˵񹬸εǸëͷСӣͺС书ȴжǲΪȻģ̫ţ书ܹߵȥôһ˵ģ˼ҵ֮ϡҲ֪ôģһ̥￪ʼҲûôİ
Ȼд书ؼɣ
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ɫѾЩˡ
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֮˲̻ת۾ͽɫӳĵһ㡣
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˿ö⾲׵ֶ˼

˿̲ס̾һ
һ̡
ȹŮʩչŞ̌̇һΣӿзɹ֮ʱ°ھͬʻ˵Ѿռڳ˵ߡ

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һʱ֮䣬֪Ľδ¶񹬹
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˻ûлعͻȻɽׯרŸ񹬹һĸѾһĶŵˡ
ȻֻˡһЦе˵Ҳө֮ԣθ⣿
ʲôʱģ
ųϴ˿ֻʣһ뷨
лᶡ
лﻢ£һĿԳˮ

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֮ǰһ˵Ӳ̫ãԾͰѽøлᶡл֮ǰҲ̧֪ε˭Ҳ֪һȻĸĳôеûģ
˶Ϊһȴлᶡ
˵ӶѣôҪ·
ΣѾԽлᶴ˿̵顣
һ϶ǹģ롣
ϡ˵ִߴһ
лᶲװˡ
Ҳա
лһȴǾܾ˵Ĳ
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Լɡ
лһֻÿӣ¶һžĴ
һȺ֮Уվһˡ
ɱǳɱӣ
˾ͽ翴Ǹ˶ѹùȫ޵ļһֿ˿ЩŮǿлᶵĿ⣬Щʼɵˮð˳
ɶ
ǸһƢ꣬һԲϾͶֵô
ôͶлôã
лᶣλš
лᶴӽ֮Ҳˣֱߵһλ棬վŲ
񹬵Ҳ룬лᶵĹҲվһ
ͺɽׯ֮ԳһСС磬˶׿
񹬣Ϊ⽭书ߣʷҲΪƾõһɣ㳣겻ڽߣҲĵʵ
һ˵ĿͰлᶵĶһϡ
һ֮ǰһΪѸ£ҽлѾ񹬵ˡлľٶҲɱĵȷȷ񹬵ˡ
лᶵıܶ˶֪
ھֵĴ󵱼֮ǰλ˵ĶҲЩԥ
Ҳ֪лᶿ񹬣Ƿлҵ˼ڣлҿǸȻڳ͢ϿɲǵġлҲҪڽϷһ¿ܾûôˡ
л񹬵ĳϣڵǵУɰ㲻ĵ͡ҾĽӣȻֻлλأһЦŴ˳Ĭ
Ŵӻ֮л
˵Ĳлҽ£л֮ơֻû뵽лҽҲн߽һ졣ˮ̽ԵĿлᶣа˼⡣
ֲûлᶣлȫܾˣôڷȥ񹬵أȻʵǿ󣬿ϾɳĮж㣬ȵԭֵķأ
Ӧ񹬷ˮðɡһԲѵ˵ˣɳĮ֮ϧҩģÿֲ˼ҽأ
񹬵ȷ²СʱǷ㣬΢ɽĵҲҪȥ֪ܲи㣿
Ǹǲ졣һ΢ɽͷһֱۣӸɴ˵ľܾ
ۡ
һЩѾ̲סЦ
΢ɽɫǺ죬ҪǳһΪ˾ͽ㿪˵΢ɽ֮ǰлλǰɽׯд֮λ¡
˾ͽӻҪġ
ϾôɣЩǵĳԺȾһʾ޴Ŀ
˼ҵģס˼ҵģȻܴ˼˵Ļ
΢ɽҲֻ㬵ı졣
ȵ켫̵˳֣Щ˶켫̵ĶһĪչʱֻ΢ɽˡʱһҪ񹬵ĳСӺú֪֪ʲô
һ߳Ŀס
һҶѹû˾ͽ˵ʲô
ⳡϷģôչ̫ˡ
ȻˣֻҪʵĲ־ͺˡ
ϾǱס
˾ͽ˵֮󣬾ɽׯĸֱڱ̨Ͽʼ
ĽȻǿĽζϾɽׯ书ҲΪһȫǿСڹҼңȤζҲޡ
İġ
лᶣ˵켫̵ʲôʱһ
Ӧÿˡлᶳһش
ɽĿһһۡ
ܲһʱںл˵Ϊһֱӽлᶶģǵ˵ʲô
ֻǾĳϣһлᶾȻ˵Ļ
ӣǵĸܺð
ɽ⣬ֻǾĳЩİˡЩӻϳһֵŵģɲ³һֶŷɽ
ᣬϷѾˣڱʲôѾˡǹղ絽ҷɽϷҲҪ͹дһηɽһ书׸ߵʲô绹ʮֺġ
ˮ书ҲԵ󾢲㣬Ķƺвͬ
һڣ뻹ٻԻ͸ʮ꣡
ǷɽҲĵӣαôգ
񹬶Ůӵңһſ϶Ҳв㡣ɽҵҲСܹһʦܣҲ
´һһЦŻش
ɲͷӴܡ
ɽϺ꣬϶׼˺ڵġʱ¾·ɽ֪Լѵһ䣬Ȼй¡һչչ˷ɽĵӣǲô
һôĵˣ
·֮һǣҪСͷӶ˵ļһ
ЩǵĽָȴһַģĴ
Զ۱ɣ̫սˡ
Ȼ֪ôġ


41
һ˷ɽ֮󣬼лᶿʼ˵Ļ
Ҳûа취ϾЩ˴ȥôУһʿˮƽ˼Ļɡ
ţ
Щһˮ׼ֲڸɻһ£ΪûмܴġȻ˵ɵŲһҪ书ߵģҲ̫ЩèģһҪ˳ǳҲҪȳʰ̯ӡ
лᶣ˵Щ˵ˮƽǲе̫ˣһεֹҸоҷַӿ̵һ١
лεĿһһۣڹˣֱӵͷһߵǽһˮƽ˻ƽƽӶ࣬繬Ĳټ
˶һһ⽭²췭ظ
һ㽭ʮ֮УҲʮ߰꣬ȥҲ༸Ĺܹˮ׼Ѿˡ
ġһѾЩͷˡ
켫̵ûôʲôٲҪˡ
дˡ˾ͽһ㲻ӣолҲҷ
ɽׯıᣬһȴڰ︹ɽׯӵ书ľòãҲĿˡ
ׯæһ˫ˣ˵ľֻôһЩׯֲᣬЩ©ҲġһҲûи˾ͽӣһǹģ˾ͽ
лɫ˽һʼϾûдʲô˲
һˮʱԼҩһҪӼС
úһһ˵ë
һ˾ͽ浹ǽɵŴΪ𾪡
֮ǰҲû˵񹬺ɽׯʲô𰡡˵֮ǰҪȥɽׯݷõʱɽׯ˲Ǯ˿Ϳء
ŵһѵӵУһĻв֪ô⡣
˾ͽƥ˼主󣬿үүȴǲಡ齣ôܲޣ
Ϸв˾ͽǻ˶Ϻ꣬һô˵Ǳ˼ѵķȣһµĳŵһ㡣
Ҳ˵ϣֻǾ˾ͽׯộΪһףеСߵյһЩȤϢֻǲ֪Ǽ٣
յʲôϢҶԱѯʵ
һɣ켫̣ʮǰҲԭ˷ˡһ˵ص㿴˿΢ɽţЦһ㣬΢ɽзȨյϢ΢ɽӦһġ
ҲյϢ΢ɽ켫̵ϵûкһճһǸëͷСӣ켫̻ԶԶûȣҲ˵켫̻ɽׯڳֵϢһ·Ϲġ
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һֽ׻ظ˾ͽ
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Ľ·˵ⳡ״ֻҪ˳չͺãԼóԺúȵĽЩɸдãȵ켫һԼ˵һ˵ɵĶ£ýЩɰæʱǲҲðϾ˼Ҷ򵽼ſˡһ켫̿ɲǲɽׯˡ
ôһ켫̾Ͳɽׯһҵĳˡ
Ƶ˾ͽֲûÿһζܰķչû뵽һȴһһһȫȥǽǰӣҲΣ뵽ʲô˵ʲôƫƫλߵĺܣֵегơ
һ£˾ͽҪش𶼲С
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Ҹ׺ĺдɽׯֻͣƾһЩ;˵ҸǷ̫Ϸ˾ͽȻţȴҲ֪Т˳дΪʵڽܡ书΢ԾϣһԿɣ
˾ͽȻ˵ôһ˾ͽ𺳣ֵҲд
˾ͽ磬ǻʱ
֮ͥµģʲôˡ
һΪ񹬹ֱ˾ͽ绹һأܲڹ컯յľ.Ҽｫ˸ɱˡֻҪ˾ͽ粻һׯ֮λ¾ͳ˾ͽ֮ˡ
ףҲԸս
ⷬôܣ
ɽׯ񹬿Ϳιˣ

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ҪǶԷôδҲδ̫Сˡ˾ͽܹϻķˮ𣬹ȻмˢӣⷴӦҪһûʲôм֮ˡ
ݣҲ
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ʲôߵڰף
ˣ
˾ͽҲЩͲסˡ
СһͻȻ֣ʾ⺫ŵ
ŵһɫƽƽСŮȻҲм㣬ƵʵЩƽˡ
μŵǺɫģһɽׯϣôǺվһߵġ
ׯСҲ񹬵ˣ书ҲԡһЦұϾǳҵļλгֵĵҲսˣˣСҺͼλӺúдһɡ
⡭
лŵ˾ͽӦѾӦ漴˽ֱ̨У˾ͽҵļ˵롣
СŲֱ̊ˣ˾ͽһѵĵҪʱˣԺ󶼲ˡ
ȻҪдһҲá˾ͽǿӦֻɫЩѿ
ȤһصλϣűȭǸ֮ǰЩèҿʵЩáǶ࿴⼸뾫ʳ̶Ӧò͡
񹬵ĹҲòˡ
Ȼô˵ϷҪϸˡ

Ҷʮָһӡ
˾ͽȻûģһԸͷϣǲֵģ˭ֲǴأ
˵ĸһ㣬񹬺ɽׯֵǮɣǶЩġֹŽ⣬Ҷһġ
ҪǻִXͰXְֿʼԹȺڳ˼Թ֮⣬ʲô뷨
ǿ־ǡ
лϣЯҩ䣿һϾʵ
ޡ
Ǿû취ˣׯмõʱ˵ɾͲˡһ̾
˾ͽһһۣѾ湦򶼲ˣġ
˵㲻ٴһˡ
ٿ̨档
ϳȻ˾ͽ硣
˾ͽ˲һﻹɲ١ǰԶһһۣͲ㱻ɱˣϣ²ҲҪС
֮ǰкܴһ³
ڻ񹬵ˣ˾ͽﻹеġ
Ͽ竣ȴز©书˵жôڽҲԳƵһ֡Ĵ˾ͽ磬Ҳδشù
ֻҪһԼӮˣȻԼ࿴
ۣ²ˡ
ŵƮƮĿһְֻۣγԼĽ
񹬵Ľͦ¡΢ɽɽЦһ
⺫ŵĽһƬƬǡɺŵµģôǮȥأ
ҵǾСе۸ˣƽʱڹǳֿȭ˴ܵġһҡͷ⺢ʲôã̫ˣֻдѣαأ
⻰˵ġ˵Ƥʲôģ
жһͬʡ
Ƥӹϣǰ㶼ռˡ
л͵Цһֱܿסˡ
Ҳ֪ΪΣһô˵ʱлоȻһĪˬ
С̵Ҫʱ˺Ҳûʲôܺõİ취һôһͨңԼˣñ鲻á
ʵ
˾ͽȹ
Ľܿ죬ӰҲܸϳٶȡ
һµΪۡ
˾ͽУҲɶСӹĿ࿴
Ȼ˿ٵĽУںŵУͺСûжүүǰôĺʯѵЩӵٶȲ֪˾ͽ١
ܶù㲻˾ͽ磿
ŵһʱͶˡ
úܿ죬ΪŮװжôȻȡӡʵ˾ͽ绹Ǵ´ࡣ
УСŮѣ˾ͽĽ̹ʱѾ˳㿪
˾ͽ粻ϳÿһеĽж䣬һֽѾƵһ֡
Ѿвкá
˾ͽļֵɫĿ¡
Сӣϻ
Щǣ˲ٵŵ
˾ͽ罣ȻСŮ书ߣ˾ͽеһ̾Ѿж˽еȥǰˣֻǲ֪ΪΣСŮΪֹڶ㣬ûУѲڹʲô
һ¶֮΢ЦСֻЩϰ߰ˡ
Ůװôж磿
ĿϰŮӣֻǳˣûʲôȤġΨڶʱӣȴðŮӵ̬жеķЦ㾫ڡ
ԭһҪ࿴лᶵЦģ˭֪лᶰŮΩΩФαװ/޷죬һûɶϷŵϣǿһȤζ
ŵҲû뵽ŮװȻж㡣
Ҳ֪οˡ
˾ͽĽС
ǡ
үүǰ̹ĳһ׽ļ򻯰档
ɽׯ˿޳СԼûʲô书͵˹ôֵǰ
ŵҪ֣ȴͻȻһϸ΢
ȴһ̨ϸŵ֧ˡ
Ϊ˱ⱻ֣һһõĴʮֺķһҪͬǿ˲üںŵүүһӵĹüһ˵ʲô
һ㣬һһĻɫЩ̡
ɫ˾ͽУͳΪ˶ԷҪ֧Ųȥı֡
˾ͽ˲ϲƸӵҡ
һ˵꣬ǰͱһǡ
ţ
һ̧ͷлᶵݵġ
ǡл赭д˵
ղһĶ
һ΢΢üѲлᶸղˣӦðֱӴŵȥģߵķɽûвлô֪ģ
һһ㴽лƺ֪һЩʲô
Բܸղһ˵ʲôֱܷ
ֻ˵滹һ档
ϾлᶶһݹüϷһĶȤζѾʮ֪ˡֻû뵽֮ͥ£ȻҲܹȻ
ŵɵСӣȻҲܿҪһ˵ˣ
̫ˡ
лᶲɵ뵽ԼԼһҲһĺƭɡ
ڿɳɳˡ
һǽӹֱӺ˿˵ͦóԣͦġղ˵ôĻҲеˡ
лᶻҩ׬ǮŮˣȻᴽ
˲ӣʲôģ
ȵȣ˵Ҳԣ
Ͼ磬ʲô۶ӶУϾ˫嶼ˡǰ֪ʱҲֵֹС˵˶Ϊҩӵģ
ɣ
һԼ뷨һ
ڰɡ
ԺҪлЯóʲôóԵĶ
ŵ˼һղź˵Ļ
С£үүİ£һЩıţϾԴûԾĿ̹ģ
һЩȻҪɽׯƤŵ²ȣ͵÷ǳ˵İ취
뵽Լүүǰ飬뵽ôԼүүµ¼ĳŵѾ¶˾ġ
Ͱ˵İ죡
һ˾ŵƶʱΪ֮һ䡣
˾ͽȻҲ˺ŵϵı仯ֻӦͼŵһƬʼ
˾ͽ粻òء
ȻŴţ˾ͽͷֲԾˡ
̨ϵĹҲ˲ԡ
֣СŮõĽô˾ͽղõһģһ
ǰһģһġ
СŮõģ˾ͽõ󰡣
˾ͽˣ
ⲻ˾ͽҵĽô

ͬһ׽˾ͽϺõıһóԵþޱȣ֪Ӯöٽк񣬵ŵƬͬһ׵ʱ򣬴Ҳ֪ʲô֣
һģһĽǸ˵ĸоȴȫһһء
⡭ֱĽŰ
Щ֮ĵֳǿźŵѾͿԼŮûʲôˡ
񹬣˽ܵ鰡
֣ȻֻǵһСŮʵ̫ˡ
˾ͽɫȴǱˡ
СŮõĽ켫̵ĽǵĸҲӾ
ǡôأ
׽Ǻº켫̽ĻԼĵôˣ˾ͽŸҽ⽣ó
һ׽ŵʮУѾ˾ͽĽֱϺü
ʤѷ֣ûдȥıҪˡ
ô˾ͽҵļҴ㵽˭˾ͽ˿ڣԾɲǫ̂
ֹأ˵书ǲ͵ѧġ
Ȼ书ٸߣҲҪ
ŵȴǽƬ£һӯӯɫݣ̨ϵ˾ͽʵ˾ͽׯĲ֪˭ôǵõϵĺô


42
ԣŮ٣ֹŽ⣬ԡ
⽣˾ͽҵļҴһ֪ȴ񹬵һСŮó׽˾ͽ磬֮СŮڿʣ˾ͽǲǵõϵĺɣ
һ֮ǰ񹬹һ˾ͽĪĵ⣬ٿŮ֪ͣǲΪԶһ˾ԵʣҿŮ˾ͽü֮仹Щ֮
˾ͽȻҲôĺӣǰ컹˵δ˸ˣиǵ˵ãҲġ
ŵӲͷƤֻܼ˵֮ǰĻ
ڣĺͳָ
ҲԼݲЧ˵ˣֻҪԺúûһүүȥʱ飬ܿ޳ˡ
ŵԣֹȻá
һͲĺŵ޲ô޲
˾ͽѣкܶࡣŵԱԼ켫̸ºΣȻ󽫺ºκ˾ͽһһȻҲһôһȨͺѰںŵˡ
ˣٻǽаֵ֮ġ
ɽׯһ켫̲ݵ΢ɽڣôһʺŵ൱ƽ׶һǿľ֡
Ҫûôʺ¸ûа취չȥˡһ΢ɽ˺ǿݣϾҲףϱԼɵĶȥˣôһרĸ˵ʯǶôĴ˽
һֱҪǸжˡ
ȣԹ
ŵԱµȵİ취ԱԺ󣬺ŵֻܱȱ켫̵˽ߵȥˡ켫̵ҰѾ˾֮ˣŵ԰˳ҲѹסģһǷ˲Żһ书ǿĽȥ·Ҫƣ
⺫ŵԼȷֵģԼѾʩ˶ܹ˻ҲԼˡ켫ûгۣ⺫ŵҲǺºεӣô֪⺫ŵʲô֪ʱ򣬺ŵ񹬵ˣ
ˣһڶ̶ʱڣ͸ŵôһ⡣
һ˾ͽͬѣֲǣүүָָĺð취
ѵã˾ͽԻ·ȻҲͬˡ
ԼãȻҲһ㣬붼˾ͽԼ顣
ޣҲŲãŵŲԼݣϷС
ڴϣҹù˵ɽׯҴҵ󣬲ȢһûмŮӡ˵ɽׯбɽȴάҹùΪ棬ҹãҺ洫Ľ׽㣬ΪⶥĽױͿԳɹ޸㡣ŵ˵ţ̲סүү˵µʱķŭͲƽҲͬĳ
أõ֮󣬷ǵûԼȢҹùùţΪ˶ý㻹ҹŻ𣬽ҺʮɱĸɸɾҵΪ˱ȥŽҶһ١ҹùã˫Ȳмˣ֪˶ٿŽ󡭡
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43
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һһ󣬾ͽ⽣ķ飬ֱӵһƮƮͼֽ
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44
׻˵ĺãһ˲һš
һǰ֪˶ٱС˵˵ǶԸ·塣Ǳ״аսĳϣҪаֻ켫̣ǲŲ
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Ȼи
ǣΪԼĸԣȷԼ֮󣬾ͻὫԼĵɱأ
ϾŷˮԸ
ˮǲܷκһвػϵġ
Ȼ¥Ķֲٶ˵һ֣Ҹұֻ֤¥ϢңҲֻ֪еһ룬Ϣ¥ֻҪԸ⽫رͼǣǱ֤ȫȫĽϢһİҵ
лҲɵĳһ˹ȥ
˽иĸһҲǡ
ȻںһӴĹУлһˮûжٸ飬֮ΪˣΪи顣
һˮ⣬ѵҪ֪Լ˭ô
ɣһĲ֪
ˮԸܹۣԼеˣض
һƲ⣬ĵҪôĺҪô¸صĸˣٲúôҲǸүةʲôģҪǵʵۺȵԲϣҲˮĲ˵ĻһܻԼǻأ
û취̫òˡ
ҪһȥԼҵ϶ôһ³
ԼҵԼ֮󣬲ǰָָһֹһ䣬ʵס
Ҫ๷Ѫж๷ѪҪɿжɿ顣
ôѪľ飬ʺҡ
һҪʲôûУ
Ϊ˸ĸ
֪һֱ˵˵һ˶²Ƿ˲ҪԼڻ˵ˣҶҲûʲô顣ҪĸֱȢˣҷ˵ĸĸǡҲȱҪЩ
¥Ѿȫɵˡ
ô£
񹬹ֱϲŭ޳
رͼһ滨ɲɡһ˵ʮӣһԸɣҲܷڡ
ȽǮ̵˵
ҪɽׯҪǮأ


47
ʮ׵֡
һҲ飬ֱӵ˵棬رͼݸ滨ɲˡ
Ǽһ£ǲģõʱ˵ͼǼٵģ񹬿ɱһһ¡Ͼ͵ʲôģҲڲرͼϷ
滨ɲҲдæϸ˿
ǶԲرͼҲһСоֱܹٵġ
ͼɡ滨ɲ϶ȭЦлˣ¸ˡ
͡һҲûô߷ڡûرͼ滨ɲ֮켫̻á¥˶Ķô
һҴģֻҪ滨ɲ뿪ɽׯķΧʣµ̾ͻ׷ȥڳԺڡ
Ʋİ
ˡ϶һͣӣʾϽǵøϽرͼȥС
ԺǲҪçײˡӿѩ˵һ䡣
¡ѩ첻üҪǼ֮ǰҲԼһ˵ĵġ
㡭ƺЩˣǺĲѵģôﷴҪ
㷽ŲңҲҵġѩ쵭˵һˣͷ¶βģڽ֮ǰ㣬ҾֱӶˡģ϶Ǻˡ
Щᡣ
㻹ĥʲô
˵ӻǳѩ΢΢֣Ժлᣬϣҿļһ棬ټ
˵գӱ㲻ֱͣӻص滨ɲĵط
ʲôʱˣ㻹˼˼ҹ񹬵ˣǣ滨ɲ϶Լһۡƽʱ滨ɲҲвˣûһﶯģڵã˼񹬵Ĺһˡ
һѲ񹬵ˣǺô
˵ˣѩ֮ǰչֳʵҲ򵥡
ӵͷĬ
ôǾȸˡ滨ɲ϶þգɨ˳ϵһۣѾ˼¡
Ǽٶȷɱת۾ʧ١
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õĸһЩԭ˵صҲŬվ𣬿ʼ׷˹ȥ
¥ȻҲʾһܾǵ鱨ԺҲáˮϢҪ֪
һҪҪ׷켫̵ĵӳС˵
꿴˿һֿ˿˾ͽһۣҧɽׯܵ˺ܲ١
˵գֿһ飬ȻͽһһǸŮϣһֱźá
һ˵ɾǺŵˡ
ԭӦǵĸºϵĲرͼȴŮĽ֮г֣Ҫ˵ûйϵǾԲܵġ
ֻҲѾûô˼ˡ
ҪˣĿǰûб˵ġ£ʱݡһֲǱ˸Ŵģô򵥵ķźݻѹͲ
ߣɨһۣ˵ͷ׷
ȻǲɽׯĻǾֻԼŻˡһΪź˵
ȵȣһң
˾ͽͼ켫̵һͬ뿪켫ﻹܹܵǣֹ˲к˵ͽǸ
һΣͻеڶΡ
ץסǡһ
񹬵̾ͽ˾ͽ⼸ӿ
ڣɵĳˡһ֣ʱ䣬ϵҩҲĲˣӦÿ̸һ̸ɽׯ˰ɡ
ʲô뷨˵ˮŵ֮ǰһϤ֮ǰһֱûô˵Ȼ͸ոһı֣ȴ֤˾ǳ֮
ڳЩʣгһҪһϵĻǻȡʤĿô
ԶҪһϰɡ
ĸϢ⣬ָʲôأ
Ļаһ磬֮ĸˮй֮޲ĸ츳ߣҲӴ
ˣҪض֮һҪа¾˿ֹˡ
ɽԼĺӣֿ˿һߵлᶣԷ˲١
ȻһԴ⣬лᶵƷŵùġ
ֻҪлᶻһߣһʲô̫ȻһｵһˣʵǽĽ
˾ͽɱṦ飬ĶҲ켫̣ǲܱˡɽׯ˾ͽҵ˾ͽҵ²λȻӦƹɽׯˡ
һĿ˾ͽĶǼۣ˵ҿɽׯҲûˡ磬ʹ˾ͽЩͽǵѡ
⻰֮ɽׯЩ˾ͽѪĵǼ̾Ѫ
ǰɽׯʱõĳ·ҲǳΪ˾ͽҵŮ߶ϱû뵽ȻôһڱֱӵֻҪ˾ͽҵλ˵ĺ¡
ֻѡһôɽŵ࿴һʵ
ɽׯһ⣬жǮҶ֪ġֻǱϾɣû˼Ҳҵĵɽׯҵʱ͵͵õͼǵغȴûʲô󰭵ġ
ȻǡһȻ֪Щʲôǳôɣһָһӣͬƹɽׯ˾ͽɽׯڻвҲ԰ָĵƽ/ң޷ƹɽׯ
˵ˣҪͬɽׯ˼
˾ͽҵˣԸҲԡǲԸģɽׯеĴóһԣó֮ƽָǣʣµ֮һճ֧áһԼʵǸˣȻŸ˾ͽҵһ·
˷뼺
Ȼ˵նݲ紵һĲЩ˾ͽҵ˱ҪҲͷϣôɶأ
Ҳá
˷С
Ǳôա
һһģܿͽлҪƵϸڣȥˡ
һҲɹˡ
ɽׯĵǶЩ
ķչЩһ
ƺôҲ֮ǰɽׯĴˡ
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һһ񹬵άȻʹлᶺͺŵѩֱӻؿͷϢˡ
һ췢治٣ҲЩˡ
ľ˷֮һرͼľƱֱӵݸ˺ŵ֮ǰ˵õġ
ŵԽǮûжٸµһֱԸģǾкܶࡣ
СŵҡҡͷǾܾһҵĶˡ˾ͽҲضõӦе³ѾûʲôźˡǮҲҪ
ľģҲôһһɷ˵ֱӽǮ˺ŵڲ֪Ǯƿɹ󣬵Ժ֪ʱɾˣŰɡ
ŵôһƱЩͷۡ
ʵڲ֪ôȥǮ
ʲôȥлЩģһôˬĽӸˣ϶кеš⺫ŵǸԴ֮ˣԼܰһѾͰһѰɡ
ûСŵ룬ûʲôȥġ
үүûмˡ
ٻصµȥүү࿴磬ʮ겻ܻȥҲΥүүǰԡ
֮ǰҪҪȥ켫̿Ͼүүĵطɽׯ켫̵ˣһӾͽŵĽҸˡ
ԭЩôȡ֣ôˡ
ŲҪȥЩ˴һ
ȻûеطȥʱȾס񹬰ɡл񹬶Ůӣ̫ܲϰߡҾסĵطӦûǰȫġ
벻˰Ѻŵ̨ˣǮ˯
ŵЩ
лϵ˫֮˵ʲôܾĻ
лҽҲǸˣ˵ĻһǶԵġ
ãлҽ
ұճ꣬ǲлǡлЦЦǺܿúŵҲôһɵĵܵܡ
ܵܣһζĿлһۣǰûк˵ϣܵܣһΪҽҪá
ڼкüáлƽĻشҼȻҲǸϣոܵ߰æӦò᲻Ӧɡ
С
ͦһ
һƲƲ죬ȴҲûоܾлᶡ
Ҫŵ빬УȻл˵ڣҲʡȥһ򡣷лᶵˣ͵ˡ
Ǿô˰ɡһڰ֣Ȼ͸һ񹬵һЩ顣ʱ͸лһסĵط
лŵЩ˷ܣҲû뵽ԼȻܶ磬һлֺÿˣ
˵ԴҽԺ񹬵˾ԽԽءһͻȻ뵽ʲô˵˳ʢ˥ľ棬Ҫıˡ
ҪӻŮӵ˼ֻлĳ׾ҲбҪ񹬵ŮӶʶʶģģŻպڽϵߡ
ֻӣӡ
лǰͷˣвŮӣ˵ӡʮֵĿ̰廯ӴģҲֻ̨Щӡ
Ƕ˵֪϶ܴ⡣
һסӵڻãǻһ˵أҪþõķչȥҪȷʶͬ˲ǡ
лۡͣŵǸԲͬҲͬԴŮӵ̬Ҳͬ
ϣ񹬵ŮܹӵĶԣԺŲڱƭ
ʱڡ
ͣѾܹ
һһ졣
ڸоӦûðɡҽŮ²ڷͣԴϵĽ룬еʵ
Ľ뻹лϿҩͣϵĶѾγ˲٣мҩͿҩˡ
㣬ҸоԼ˺ܳܳΡͣ߸ԼεҽŮ˵
ҲʮǣͺҽŮȻǺġ
ٵȵЩӣͻˡҽŮ˵Щӣ˲ˡ
ϾͣԸ̨ʵʵţŻƣһͺƯ㡱Ҷ֪ǹİۿǾҪָˣһأ
ʲô˼
㵽ʱ֪ˡҽŮһѷͣЦе˵ģǺܹƽġ֪ǸõĶõҩôЩҩ࣬Щϡ٣ҲǲŻôƴ۵ĸˡ
ͣЩ⡣
ҽŮܽô
ŶɣѾˡ
лҲΪߵͦ˿Ҳǹĸ˾л书һ㣬βһ㣬ɤӴһҲôС
ͣˣôϲǵöܵӡҽŮΪлǴȶˣֱӵ٩
лۡɬЦЦûз
ڰŮ˿ĵˡ
ȻôᣬŰɣȻǿ
ðɣġҽŮл۵ļ򣬡ҪϲŬ䣬úЩͨ͡Ҫã˵أ
ֻ񹬵Ůӣ󲿷ʱ򶼲Ϊһ˾ͳ׵ġ
лҽŮ
л۽ҽŮͳȥֽĹţܵͣǰ磬㻹ǵ֪ô
ͣ˶٣һӡ󣬵Ҽǲˡ
ûϵӡǺ¡л۵Ҳ֪㼴Ȭҿ̫ˡ
ˣһˮ
ΨһܹһģҲǷͣˡ
Ϊ֪ݣԶԣͣǺһΨˡ
Ҳ֪ʲôʱ
µʱѾˣڶûָܻж
һǰﻹ˵Լ˰ЩŮˣһһҲһһš
ǲ书ߣԸҲ
ҪǱǷԼǰŤŤĺһϴ裬ιˣԺǿԼʲô룡
ʲôʱ
߶ŵһлɽׯóԺúȵסС¡
û취ɽׯļҲ̫ˣҪҲǲСʱ䣬ҽЩ˾ͽҵ˴ҲҪʱ䡣
ЩɽׯҲЩӿʼϵĸԼҿɽ
ɽׯӴԺ϶ҪӽϳˣǴС뿪Ҳûеطȥˣ
ôЩɶѡͬĵɽׯͶĸӣʵͶĸɡ
ɣ񹬾Ĵȡ
񹬹һ֮ǰչֳʵıǶǿģӲ˵񹬵ĵǻǴˣ
һյľֻЩǰֵġ
ʣµˣЩֵĵȥɡ
һЩģ˵ɡ
˳һᣬ˾ͽΪ񼫣Ǳɱˡʱ򣬺ŵרܹȥˣ֮һƾˡ
˾ͽҵļӣ켫̵ϵ书һǮˡЩ޹ģԼѡ֮еͶţҲеĳȥŻˡ
˾ͽǰһֱҪʲôˡСϡ˭ֻȥһ֮˵ĺأ
ֻһŮӰˣѾʧ٣һЩҲֻǰᣬ̾һĴôͲˡ
ʲôˣаҲδ֪أ
һлһУҲֻԼ֪ˡ
ɽׯҲˣҪȥأһЦѯߵлᶡ
ⳡϷǿĺܿİ
ʱǲҪȥЩĺáлᶴյһǰɱˣ֮ǰӦģ֮ҪΪµģ
һϵЦһ͡
ôһµô


48
һĲ붯
ͻȻɽׯķ羰ܲкܶطûпһʱģȫסϸһصġҲҪΪ֮ˡ
ĪҪŵԣлԿһҪʱͷ֪ʵ
ּûõģ̫ˡ
һŲϵ
ҲԣµʮӣʱڲңҲ޹ؽҪлᶼһΪֻû˸˵嶾ؼĵãҩԡѾһȻżƣǱٵȵȰա
Եȣ
һ֡
лᶻǻץߡ֪Ӷ½ֱӸĳǸҩԡˡ
˵ģһЩǰǸɵлˡ
Լ̫ˣлᶶ̫಻ӦöõĶúһӣڶڳʲôˣ
һ顣
ΪѾлᶣұ֤Լǡ˫塱ĴԻܱܲȡţȻҲаտлǿͷһǲԸôɵġ
꣡
Ǹˣлгʵ
Ϻα̬ýϰĽŮˣ»𡣡
룬ɽׯһ֮󣬽ϰĽ˻ࡣлᶴ粽á
һͷۡ
ȻҪΣκˡһô񹬣û湻ء
ﲢʺΡлᶼһѾɿڣҲټ֣¶˺ƵЦҪҩԡӣҪõҩģЩʮϡ٣缫򵽡
ǵΣ
ҵҩׯԼҲֻʮĳ̡ǹ͵ҵסǱȥԼҩ԰˲ҩģ㹻üҩԡˡ
Դӱץ֮ûٻԼסˡȻ֮ǰǿ˸˵ԼҪѰҩҩͯӦÿչ˺ҩ԰лЩġ
вѪڡ
ȥңһ㶡ŶҲԣлôûмأȫ¡
ǹиõȥ˵Ҳɡлᶺ˵
ȥңһ˲˾µһҽļʲôӣҺǺ棬ȥͣúÿ
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л뿪л֮ȻƲ϶ô󸻴󣬵ǺƶҲǲմߵġϾҩҲˣЩ˼ҸԸΪֶǮ
ˣлᶵҩׯȻشƫƧռݵǰ㲻С
Ĵլӡ
ҩׯɨġźҩġֲѼġмΪллᶵľ֮ģҲʮˡ
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һ˵ҽסҪôɽ֮УҪôɽ֮£֮ôƫƧôƶôлᶵסͺЩ̫մˡ
ҩׯȻڳﵽسҲʱ·̣ܸ죬Ҳֻǳǽ
Ȳ֪һֻΪĳļҶѡ
Ϊлᶱͳںң˲ڽԵú·ҽЩһɡ
үˣ
үѰҩô
ףүѹ

лᶻܵ˵İһܹԤϵġȵҩׯһ·лᶻͿԹһ飬лǶЩ̾
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˵үƺлϣƺôô
ҵѡлᶶǰӭ΢΢ͷָһǽҩԱߵĿͷʰҪס
ǼҶ͵͵һۣƺЩԼүȻϽҩԱߵķʰ
ΪлǸҽգҩһһ죬ٵԼķȥϢҩԱߵĿͷ˵˾лԼԼסġǰʲôĿˣҲүʰ
λӣҲ֪Ǻηʥ
үҪ׼ôһܼģἰ
λܼǴСлᶳģǰҲлҵˡӣಡ֮ԼλҽСүԼӹŹظȻġ˵ȵлҪ뿪лҵʱλܼҾлҵٻ󣬸һˡ
лᶾסҩׯܹɾҲ벻Ĵ
ܼҿɱЩеļҶ׶ˡ
˵лᶴһˣǸɫĴˣöԷסҩԱ߿ҲֻΪԷһ˲õ֢ˡ
лᶴһвŮ߼Ůģ¹ܼҲҪ롣
ţ׼һµġл΢΢ףӹ䣬ǵȻ˵
ǡ
Ҳ֪лƽϲ˴ţڼл֮󣬺ܿͻȥɻˡ
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Ϊһǹлһεģ񹬵˶ûи
ֻл˵ҪһؼµʱڶӰڣһлᶵĿⶼζѡ
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һͲʲôΡ
ﻹõ۳Ͷ٣ɽׯžˡлϻΣе塭ϸ롣
ЩǰһΣҽˡ
Ҳԣлᶺ͹þöûͬˣӦżż
˵ι󣬹ܻСأ
ˣлҪһȥ£ûеõκε
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浽лᶼһûǸȻлᶼȻСҲɲôˡ
ȥҩׯеģżŮҲɫƽƽһͺܷлᶵĸԡ

ңҾһͺˡһڰ֣ûе˼ͻҪƵĵ
л룬Ҳ֪һ񹬹ͷ˵ȥҩׯ඼ͨˣʣһЩͨĽҲǲԸǽǷǵģ˻Ҫ͵һЩΪá
õġлᶳһǺһ֣һ
šһӦһҾͽлᶰɡ
ȣˣԣһֵʲô˵лᶾЩΣֻ˸⣬֡
ֻΪǾһճİˡһʼ磬ˮֻһŮ̳񹬣Ҳ֮ԸҶҲѾҲ˵㲻ңȻȡڳһ˵ͽгһˡ
ʲôģһ⡣
ңҲжصĺá
Ҳþһ־ʲôáϰˣоҲò뷽ֺüǡ
ǸлᶾԼһЩʵġ
ʲôɱǸģҲˮжôԲңʱľޣֻǶҲܲʣôҲܱЩŮȴֺǵĸĸá
ûеõʲôĻҲζŲҪȥеӦΡ
һӵǰ䣬ǰҲиĸΪһˣҲҪһŮΪĸԷǸ
Ǹոպá
һ鿴ĺ͸ҲĲΪ˸еƽȻлУȴһӡ
أһҲǱ͸֮Ż˰ɡ
һСӣСڲĸ׹ذ³⣬֪ҪԶٵĿĳɾ͡
һȴδΪԼľʲôҲǰϷһ㣬Ի·һ㣬Ψ²һ㣬׬Ǯһ㣬ƭһ㣬
ȡ
ˡ
ȥлᶾԼжһϧҪˡ
һƭ˿ɲһ㣡
ǻ˵һ˵رͼɡлʵڲתƻ⣬ǰǱŬһģû뵽Ҳڷķһʱ
ȵһڣлᶾ;ԡ
ôʵ̫ʣֶԲرͼһ㡣ʵϣرͼһԼҵģԼģΪһԹߣǲ˵ĵġ
һǻĵ㡭
һݲرͼҴ͢һգۿл˵аӳ͢ƽ⣬һϷûа취ųȥˡңҲҪųرͼϢˣ֪ݲرͼӣֱ䵽УôķӦ
һ˵رͼֶضǻһȷѪġ
ڣ֮һ˷ɽУɽҲƵףһݵ滨ɲУ滨ɲɱ֯ǳĲҪݲرͼУǿ϶ᱻصͭǽһ㣬Ҫ£Ҳѡ
һҪǵ˳͢УǺǣǿɾȤˡ
һݲرͼأлᶺǲ⣬Уô֪رͼϢǱųģ
һ⻰˵ģͺرͼŵһ
⡣
Ϊرͼֶ¹ش˵͢Ҫ֪ôڣ϶Ὣ֪˶ڣôܷĴһɽأһʵ
˵ˣе·رͼǻˮҪһ˵Ҫ
ȻǲرͼҲʲô书ؼʲô
ʲô£ĪҲӡʲôġ
˵ˣǺϵġ
ִĴʲô
ֻǾЩǵ֪Ǹӣߵ˶ʼΪӶÿȵʱΧķΧҲӰ쵽˵жϣԼҲ˽ȥ
·ʵ̫ˡ
Σرͼֳݣ˵õӦûؿƿǡɵһݲرͼڵڶݲرͼмŹ˶ã㲻̫ɺϣڤڤ֮ڲٿһôݺһɽׯ飬û񹬵Ĳ֣ýӦǸʲôӣһʵ
лᶰһ˼·룬ʱľ
ûһڣЩͻΪ˲رͼʼ֡󣬲˵˴߰˳һⶼûеġ
ͬһεɽׯҲ㹻ЩаɻڧֱˡΪ״֮ʱһʱ˾ͽģ˵ЩӦǲġ
Ҳ˵ƻ£ɽׯӦֻ켫̡滨ɲõɶѡ
ͬģΪһƻѾȫʧЧˡ
ݣɽׯֻҪݲرͼܽаһ򾡣мĵ֮˻˭أһѭѭյʵ
лᶺܿ͵óһ𰸡
ǳ͢
аһ𣬳ܲ͢һһ佫Ǹշ
رͼҲǰϢ
˵Ӧñڵĳ߲͢вǡ
ɽھֵ˷Ҳرͼлᶻ˵꣬ʶ˲ԣԣ͢Ҫرͼֱӳѹɡ͢Ͼǳ͢ȫùرͼ֮ھȡߡֻߣɴȵ˽رͼʱһ򾡻ӷ㡣ھֻ֣һӣ
л뵽Ѿһ亹
ΪԼлңԶ˹ٳΪ޾ڡȴ룬ԭ⿴ɵĽԭҲôĹĶǡ
͢ʲôģҲֻ·һ֡һڰֵ̫ˣҪǳ߲͢ĹҷˣϾ͢ԭֵĴѹҲô£ϾЩҲȺڻڡ
·ǿԡ
лѾһĻ˼ˡ
˵бĿܣ
ȻرͼǰôҲпǰ˸ĹҪ𽭺ͳõȻ˻ḴԼĹʲôģҲпǸС˿ﲻ˸ʦʦǸ̬֮СϮɴħ֮ͻȻҪʲôģпĳԱû¸ɵҰļңҪƷڵĽͳԼʵ۵ģǾ־ڵĳ͢ͽܲҪȫƵжʲôġϾ⼸ˡ
һһԼ֪·˵˳
лĿɿڴ
֪ΪΣܾһ˵Щпܳġ
Ȼ̫кʵʣһ˵ĻϾûûġ
ôңⲻҵ⣬ǴҶôдһлᶿԼĿⶼ̫ˣ̲סҾһװףƷѧŵĶ߰ˡʱֶѾûˣΪе·дˣܸܽᡣ
˵һЩֵֹĻˡ
лᶿЦá
ðɣݲرͼʱûгҪ˭⡣ڣǻһҩԡɡ
νҵר
лᶾַӵĽ»ǲ̫ʺԼӦģôһãôͻڵ书ǡ
˵һҲЩڼѹȺۣΪЩŶûкҪԼرͼĻ֮ˣҲ޲ҪŪԼ
ֻʲôأ
ߣݺ
ܻһİɡ
һҪúñԼǵǿǡ
̾ͿʼɡһѾЩȲˡ
ʱлʾһ԰꣬ҩԡҩͣҪõЧӦҪȵǡ
ûⰡһԼأͣһһٸ
һл΢΢̾ΪεĿ㲻̫Լע⵽⼸ƺˮûѾʼֲ׵ˣ


49
Ҫˮֲ˺ô
һޱҪ²ۣǹˣлһôҲµһҽΪеģ˵ȥֱҪҽ
ɼʹˣһȴֻܽԲۡѹĵף赭дˮֶֻŮӻҺúһӣλ
һڼԼ衣
лôᣬԼˡ
ˣһҲлԼĴ
ͽɹ˿ء
˽ʱգԾɲôлᶳ̾˿ƺʧΪԼһĹϵͬԭһԸѡ
룬Ϊ㲻ҡһɫ˵ʲôҶǲܻȥˮ治ɵĲģҲûҩԡӣ㻹ǿЩúãµʱ䣬ϣü
µʱ䣬²̫лᶼһִˣ֪Լ˵ֻ˳һĻ˵ִⲻȵ壬ֻܽҩԡҩһ£ӳһЩʱ䣬ܴﵽԭЧ
Ŀǰȱľʱ䣬Ǿɡһ֪л߿϶бķ
ҷܼ׷ôҪ󣬶Ҫġ
лֻôӦˡ
ҽһҽǺ޲ýԼҩŪøߴϡҪôҪʲôɽѩҪôҪʲô˶ʮϣ֮ܶҩԽϡŹԽãôһԼıԵøڲͬһ
лȴ෴
еҩңڣǾͨҩơҩֻͣҪܹȡҩҩ㲻ʲôˡ
һҩԡõζҩģлԼġ
ǼлᶺԥھŪҩ԰ժҩ۵Ĳвеġ
ǰүҩǺ޲ֻժһƬҶӣʲôʱģ
л˴󷽣ܼҶЩȣû뵽ӵĵλ֮߰
嶾ʹ嶾ؼĺҪԶ켫̵Ķ.ҩ֮ҵһ˿ƽ⣬Ȼ˳ɹЩ.أǱڣʩŶ˵֮С
лᶽؼȥоΣֳһһֻͨŪĻ֮󣬲ȷ롣
켫̵ֶȴ
ܹһͨ˲ʮĹһʱ޵СЩٻƽ⣬Ҳ𽥸ʴ
ֻֻ첻Ͷͨ˾ڹ壬Ҳޡ
뵽켫̵Ľһֱಡ齣ǰֵϢлᶲѾµԭˡ
˵һǱˡ
һҩԡȻҪء
Ȼҩԡ֮УлҲһЩȥЩĶ.ȫԱЩҩк͵ȵЩҩͨԡĵķʽ뵽һڣܽЩӵϢ£һ𣬴ӶΪһá
һһڹܹһ¥ЩСëҲܺϲ١
ֻҩԡҪõҩĶ֣ÿһֵķ˿Ȼͼױһ
ˣлȫΪ۽¶ɫȦ۵ҩׯǶ˯ãΨһ˯ǽһ
һķҩԱߣлҩʱ˳ҲһһЩߵҩú㾫һִⲻϺú壬лᶾֻ߾ȹˡ
ʶһҹҹΡ
лÿææʱڹܼҵĴ£ʼлᶵļҡ
лסĵطɡһȹܼ˵ֱ˽ȥ
лԼ˵ģҪȥﶼС
ܼл֮ǰĶҲһֻôˡ
Ĳһ΢΢ü
䶼ǱȽϼӵģΨлᶵ䷿ʮֵ¡һ֪ӵ˾Ǹ˼ҵ͸ݻ¡
磬ȻֻͨӣҶǶӦǸѵõ䣻Ǹʱӣļ۸ƼֵƣٿŴüһ񹬵ĴҪ
һ˶⣬ĸĸǲġİ裬ǧ˹ġ䲼õĺлһģһΪľùӶԼûиҡӼٵϢڶʱ򣬶ҩǱߡܼ͵
л˵ӧңܹлĺӣҲðˡ˿л뿪壬ٻԶ븸ĸǼ䲻ТǵΪһлȴʱѵõĴǻߡ
ӧΣ
ֹңһֱأ
лܹĻңѧɣʵǿɹ
ǧ󣬻˼ǵʲôлңȴ˼ǵйôһܳĴƽ֢Ժ˵һҽʥ
˵ǡܼҵЦݶʱ
ܹΪԼҹӶλӹĿ࿴Ը⾡ľΪˡ
лᶵľٶڱ˿ǲǵģлᶵֵܽãѣҲ⡣ǶΪлᶳһԹԵĻصлңȥлҹӡҽµ˲ܸɵĻӦлҵĵչ
ɹܼȴô롣
лҲôģܼˡ
ֻблᶷľιˣ֪ԼлᶴӹŹǰȻʱһ̵ĸжҡ
͵οˣ
粻ȻҰᵽҵķȥһָ˵.
ܼҵЦ̾ͽˡ
˵ҲûʲôˡһˣȻ֪⸽ûʲô͵ģܼңʵлүôҲɫŮˣ񶼱Ыˣܻͼʲôģܸаɡ
ܼһ˲ǵͨ졣
컯֮µģλôʳĻ
˵ôԼɣ˵ܹʲôһҪȥ¿
ӣ֣ܼͣæвٹӵأá
У㶯ְɡһѹûԼȥá
ܼһҭֻĽµ
ӣǹΪβɫôЩ֪֮ˡܼشùԽɫŮǺõġ
һ˺ģ̾ʹӡ
üһò̾һüһ
һӣıܻͼ
һ𾪲ѣⲻǸѾıܻͼôΪ߹ִİ汾˱ма
Ŀǰеģ滭̫ʧ棬ʵڲС
㡢ͻȻҲУǽͻҲɱܻͼˣ

ǹӴСϲҽǼҷÿÿд˿ʱ򣬹ӾͻԱ߿šһ˼ΣүֻһξͽѨλȫ
лᶵ֣ӹɵġ
ʱлҼҲͣ̾лҲһû뵽лᶲϲ٣Ҳϲʫģҽжӡ
лԳѾʼ¶պķ绪Ǽ⣬С㹫ӣϲлܡйΪлһɨѾͷ㹻Ѿַ졣
ҵĹأȵлᶿʼ֪µʱ򣬾ͿԸѾͷˡ
СһһͻӦĸʹ͡лᶲһԼ˲͵͵סˣȻʼоԼġ
Լܺ棬ΪŮ֮Ĳô
ǰվӵҪ󳤴ģȻóȻȥ˵塣ˣлΨһѡǱܻͼ
ֻĻŻŮΪ/ģ
ЩܻͼȫлԼ޶ġ
ԼҶӳڱܻͼɲʲô
лȱľˡ
ˣܿ죬лµ˶ʼлˡ
лᶱʮֲס
ţ߲ܣŮԿɡ
һʱ䣬ڰгЦл£ȴû뵽Ǹɫж
ȻɫŮѹлᶵĴϣлᶶǽоȻǿ
Ŀ˲ٲ
лᶾͽĻᣬŮ嶼оһ鲻˵鱾ϵĸ֪ʶڻͨһҽС
ȵлᶵĸĸֲԵʱлѾκ˵嶼ûȤˣǸһûмҽ飬ӿһЩ

ܼ˵֮󣬼ݺᡣ
֪үǸʲôˣΪܹʡʱоҽҪҪԼӦֱҩϾǼү˺޲ƣлᶽ..ӵԱȫ
٣ҲǸ벻ǡ
лҿɲܿͷ
³ΪɮҲԼҩԼǿ
лˣִָ߼˵Ŀ˲š
һ֪ʢġ
ʷϣи߼˵ĿѧҡҼǵΪǽ޵ľͶ뵽֪ʶУûϾˡ
Ů֮¡
ôһӱܻͼ¶л˵׻ġͺǰ׻ࡣһžֱӽˡ
һΰҽǰǲŮģ
ʱˣ޷ľ
Ȼҩѧ˸Լһ㣬лߵıǰ档
һҲǹǧĿǰû뷨
ˣ
ҿ˹Ӻܶ꣬ǵһμӶһôơܼЩڴĿһҲ֪ģ
ΪҹΪ˫԰
ҪΪѲлᶻǿɫ
˰ɣлϲɫžӺúգôˣһҲûлᶺÿġ
ҪǷִлᶵһƬʮת
һԭţҪҪֱӺл̯ˡϾڵĹϵͻͽֱӺֱ֣ӵԷˡˣһСС˴ŵСЦӦòлᶺԼǡ
ܼô˵һֲȷˡ
ǼҹӣǷ˵ƭʲôӦһʵ
ֻСЦĻһ㲻ܼЦЦ
ʲôй𣿡
ӶǮƷƭĺᡣǰиǰҽֻǺͨĲȴԼ˵ޱأ¹Ӳôҩʱӷ˺ܴĻֱӽ˸ˡ
ܼ룬ܽһ˵ֻҪڿϲƭˣӾͲôӾżк͹Ц˵ʱҲصġ
ôһ˵Ҹӵˡ
һ²ۣлᶵĻҪֵȼĻԼյĴžǶһѻܻȼҡ
£ֻ룬ǼҹӶҽϡһ΢Цҽ߳Լ׷ҺܿǼҹӡ
ӹˡܼЦտһлᶵĿ佱ɱȿҪĸˡ
ţһʲôһ׼ˣͻȻлᶵĴ»һСӡ
Ŷǹǰû滹ĴռĹŹֵҩΪЩҩҩӶûо͸ԾͷϾʱ䣬ͻһŵҩȥо

ҩ
һǰһ
Ȼ˵ңǸ⣬ָܹϻӽϣ˭ֻǮأңôã˵ʲôʱͱ˼Ҹɽկˣͷûʲôר
ԣҪ࿪Ʒ֡
һһӵҩһֻֻ½𵰵ĸֻҪõúˣ񹬸ɵйҲʲô¡
ܿô
ǹͣȻԡܼСĽȡֻҪ㲻㳢С
ôܻҳҩһЦֲɵٸ־ڶ/ҩϣ·Իܿĺðɡ
˵ˣڿµһҽļ˭֪ʲôϡŹֵҩǲܳԵģⱲӶԵġ
ͬһʱ䣬ҩ
лϵ̬Ѿʮƣ۾ȴʼչʶˡ
˵ûʲôһûùҩԡֵ顣
ңҹҩԡӸˣ
ԭֻһʱһлץסһĨݼŵ֮ͻȻµ
ȻҪȥ߰
лᶲ˸̾
ⷽӣͲõһˮҲõԺüˡ
лû뵽ԼȻķһʱ⼤
˵˫ֻڳͻ֮ʱŻʾɰⷽӵ壬ŮˮֻǸû˳ּ֮״һҵҩׯһʱЩãҲ֪ġ
ⷽӻܽһ˵ԻеĸҲãʱǹǧлᶼѾԼδ
ˣͽⷽӹ£պи˳ܲԼܵĿർ౯硣
лᶵ
һУȴ羪һ㡣
Բ۲۲ۡ
ʲôڿƼҩԡ
Ȼ粻ܽѧҲδ̫ѧ˰ɡ
þȻ˳ּ״̬ʲôЦ
ҪһУԼǰ˫ʵĻԲһƣ
лһоʱԼ׬Ŀɲһ˿۷ڲڣʱŮӿصĿɲԼܲ
ⷽҪǳˣĲ˵ôŮӾǵһܵġ
лᶣһֻ½𵰵ļ
һһŽ𵰣ǽӶ¡
һҪ඼ܣ
УҵԾȡ
ҿһǹϵ·֮·һлᶣʲôһȻܹƭлһΣƭ˵Σ
Ǻǡ
һħһɡ
գǷǵʱ
ӣʲôܼͻȻ
ȴһֳһƿСĵҩֱﵹһš
һȥ


50
ʿǸѪġ
Ʃڣһһƿӵҩֱ
ȻҲǻ֮ڶʱھ˼ǵġ
Ѿٶˣ/ҩ˵ЧĿ̫ܲһ־涾ͨҩģһһϿԳַġ
ΣлᶵĸԣֻǵҩǲܾôҩġϾлǸĴֲʲôҽͨҳҲ֪ЩСӲܳԵҩϸغãôͱ˸ҳ
ˣһҶ϶ҩȥ֮һЩ鷳ӦⲻãӦþܹһгֵĽڣҩԡġá
ʣʾ֮ǰܳҩӰ塣

Źܼңһɲô˵
ܼĪҪżǰƿҩһģһġҩǳȥ֮ͿʮĵҩǹҲòϣҳ֮ռ۸Ǯģ㾡ܷľǡ
ԲʲôҩܼҵɫѾˣԼͬĿ˳ĪҩһӢҪٵˡ
㡭
ȥҹӣȲҪúϢܼһ𼱻ǵľͳſȥŲЩġ
Ǹˡ
һĬĬĶŹܼҵǸûа취İ취ˡȻҪıлᶵһҩԡ̽ݣǲŽһ˵ʱһʮȶԴûˣҩԡһξҪûˣҲͷۺòá
лһҽôԣֻеϲĶһֽ֮취һ¶ݣлĿѾߴˣ
ɾԲС
Ҫһ֡
һⷿһȦûлᶵŴֱȥ
תһ죬ûоýʲô⣬һ˿Ҳˡ
ţǶ/ҩ
СӣСӣˡܼлᶵʱ̫żллʱĳƺ˳
ôˣлĹϹܼҵʱ̬ʮº͡
ȥķ䣬С˵ҩȥɡ
ʲô
лᶿ֪ԼЩ߰ĵҩģȻΪҩأԼûгоͨ͸
һǿиɣĺܣֲС̷˱ĵҩʱ򣬿¾Ҫˡ
лᶺ޷ȵṦ˳ȥܼû׷ϡ
ӣСôصô
ССʱѲʱСϵһޡ
ǸӣǺηʥ
һ
лᶼƽٶȣֱһǰ
һĿڴߵʱиһɾ޴ı
һĳãһ·ѾһԼĺѡԭ˺֮꣬Ϊʱͼԭܲһ־ϵ־ȤͶ
һΪȻЩŹ֣ûʲôܵġżһЩСЦлҲôϡ
ڣһȴΪҩ
ءһ۾Ӵ̲ס˸Ƿ˵֣ҳǿŵҩرİҩɡ
Եһƿлᶼһɫ糣ɿͬʱһŭ
ô£ĵҩҲԵģ
ǸƿӡһһָǸƿӵ֮ҿǰԹĺΪһžʮ깦ءģҲ׳ģһռ۸Ǯġ
ʲôһžӹҩ裿˵֣޷ҩֱ̫ͣھĶˡҩܹӹǲѲƤͲܽЩΪáκνݾд۵ģлΪŭ˵
Ҳ֪⽭֮ĸӹҽʼֲε˵ʲôһžһӵĹһžܰٶ֣ƭɵأ
ĺöˣԼԵˡ
л֪ǰЩѾõĴǳӹҩģܽԼ硣ֻͷüΣֽܽЩΪá
ֹˡ
Щ֮󣬼û˵¹ʲôáУҲಡ˵ΪûЩҩԭڡ
Ҳʲô/ҩһƵ˵һŵҩˣлҽҩͺˣ
ôסлҲ֪Լ˵ͨϾ˱źһ뷨̫ˣƿҩżȻһɽáǸʱɽϲҩṦµʱСŤ˽ţֻѰһɽϢƿҩɽõġʱûа취ֱҩãŽ˻оȴҲֻ֪Ǿ綾֮ˡ
лϸҩƿǿһЩ¡
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ˣڳĪҩҩԡʱá
ΪβܣһȻҪԽԽãҹζࡣ
ܻҩ塣
ô鷳һĺܲڵġһǳᶨĺԼȨ棬ֲʲôĶȻܵҵĴ¡񽭺ƮҡҲ֪һֲٿزرͼ˻ʲôʱʼԸңڵ÷ǡ
ҵĲˣҵö㸺𡣡
ѽ㸺ԼԼܹܡ
ǴҲܹܡ
ʱ䲻˰
лţԳĬһ죬ʱ䣬һᾡԵҩ׻ʲôӰ졣֮ҾͿʼ׼ҩԡ
Сһװ˼ãǴӦ
ѾҪõĽˡ
죬װ죬Ҳ͹ˡ
ãѰлᶳһ߹Ҳȷʵûʲôλãֻڴߣһֹ
һǳˬҲŤ

л̾˿
һ书̫Ҳã޽ɵģʲôҳԣԼöȥ㣬ЩϡŹֵڵĶǧһǰڡ
ţȡлᶽִһϣЩҡҡλΡ
һ̣ǰһڣлᶾֱӵ˴ϡ
ţ
һµһֱӱһ
ȻҩлᶰɣղҲûгְôлͻȻ͵ȥ
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̽һлᶵıϢҲġ
ӣ룬СӦ̫ۣ˯ˡܼܹһƺл˹ˣæǰֹ
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Ȼ˯ˣ
һЩš
һͻȻεΪжΪ㣬Ϊ̫ۣ˯ˣ
ַ·ȻҲǴڵô
Ȼܼôһ˵̫մ˯ҲǺ顣
ֻ̫ˣлϣһû취ˡ
СΪҩԡӣѾҹûкۡҩ䣬ȻȻҲͳŲסˡܼЩ۵ĿлµڣСӺúϢһɣӡ
ܼѵõĴһԹ
û취л֮ԻôƣΪһ
ȣҲΪҲôģһɣģҲġһ֮̾
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лᶶôˣʾʾʵЩ̫ˡ
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лʵûбҪΪزлˣô⡣
һȻûʲô̫ľȴж
лЩ飬Ǹң˵Ҫصİˡ
ԹлǰĴأκһŮ֮մߵĶԶԶ㿪
ĸԣʵ̫׽ˡ
һлᶣھԼƺЩ̫飬л̫ӦҪúñ𱨴ˡ
ðɡܼҿһֿѾ˯ŵлᶣǺһԼСΪһķһֻԱ߿һ£Ӧ顣
׶׳СӵѪɲܰ׷ѣ
ܼŵĽŹغã漴˳ȥ
һܵ˼Զط´л˯
Ҳࡣ
һ˸̾
˵˾ˣѾôˣֲʩ죬лᶾôſ˯ڴϣ̬ҲŹۣǲ󣬷ֱı׾
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ŶĴ˯
Ȼ˳úÿȷʵռıˡҪлᶺúһԼƤң˵һͳˡ
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ţȵȡ
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ž
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ммιΣҪǺˮʲô
ˡһл۵׵ڣԺֻҪΣҵһὫ㵱Ҫѡ
ѡ

л˯˰˸ʱ
;ܼ˶ʳüΣлᶶûѣ˯ʮ
ȵлʱʳѾˡ
лᶻ۾һǰĿ飬ϻһʳУҡҷĵƹ⣬ǾӼˡ
˼ҾȻμһڿ飿
лЦһ۾
λûء
лᶹһ۾
ֻֻһһȴûٿ飬ĵĿ
ٲ˾ҪˡһЩԹлᶻʣֻܸϽ
Ȼû
ŷˣлᶸƷһݹܼⰴĿζ׼ķˣһǲ֮ǰҩӶԳһ⡣
һ˯ŵʱκ飬ϻֱֻֻ߽Ӱ·Ȼ޿װģȵȡ
κβõĽлᶶ뵽ˡ
Ψû뵽ǣһȻôʵһ߿һߵѹ
ǵҩһӸԻ˰ɣ
һҲлᶿ϶û˯˯Ժ˻ûءôõposeлѹ˵Ҫжʹ飬øжҪˢˢˢȥɡ
лᶵãһۿ̾ͱ۾һֵӣ·һʲôֶ
Ҳһ
ԷͳԷһӡ߿
ֻǳһŲĵҩֲǳԵġ׶죬
ˣ̡
һʱƽ˾һա
Ϊлᶣ˫ݶĬϣĵҩˣһĨֵô
˰ɡȵлᶽ˳ԵĲˣһŴ򿪻ϻӣ˯˲һ죬Ȼǹ۶˯ŵģҲͬ顣֮ǰ˵ˣʱȥоҳȥǿŵҩѾȥһˡ
лᶴһֱ˯磬ۿŶҪˡô춼ˡ
֮лѾ˷˵һ졣
ǡֵף
һûҷʥĸĵã˵죬һӶܶࡣ
лԼ˯ͷģŲܡ
޲лһ˯źáҪ±лᶿֱӵ˯Ѩˡ
ˣ
ûռ֣˵һֻˣ
лᶶʱһ
ǵҩûнһӳԻͺãĶˡ
ʣҲ㹻ˡлƽ˵һ岢ûʲô⣬ҩЧӦò˺ϡջͷһͬɽȥҵõҩɽ˵ҵ
ţһ㶣õҩ֮ûȥ̽Ѱ
ⲻлᶵɡ
õҩ֮ɽΪʧ޶̮ˣ֮ΪҲܶ࣬һֱûҵʵĻٶǰȥоһڣ̮ɽʯͲʲôˡ
Ŷõ֮ض̮ɽ
·Ȼ٣ȱϯ
һˡ
ȥשģ
ֲҪһɽء
ɽ̮ˣ϶кܶɽʯ·ʱȻ书ǿһ·Ȼȥ
ǰһ;Լڵ书ǸǨһǰѺ֣û뵽õϡ
Ҳա֮ǰһ϶Ҫ취ܾģôһлᶾûа취Ūǵҩʵ˳ڶˡ
ϧѾģлᶳΪҪˡ
ЧġȻŮĸʱ⡣
˵ˣһҲֵܱ̫ˣڳ²ҩΪԼǣҲӦþȷԼϵĲԲǣûġ
ߵûʲô⡣һʵɽʧ޵̮ˣɼʱ䲻ˡⵤҩȻɽóģ´ڵʱҲˡôʱ䣬ⵤҩûҩЧ˻߸ɴ˰ɣ
ɼһֻһ˵ѣûʲôлᶵ˼
лȴһվһôһ
һ˵ĶԣлĿһһۣҿǲˣһŵҩʱҲ꣬ɽʱ볬ʮ꣬ⵤҩôԭҩЧأ
ԡ
·Ҫúüһ¡лᶽԼĽȫ˳
̵ҲСָôǻϾһ׶ӣ
һץԼ½ǡ
һܣ֪
´롣


51
һЩЩ¡
룬ϱͯʱӰ
ǸʱѧУͳһ֯СǴƨ룬ʿС𣬴ҶҪС롣һԭҲҪȥСĶӣȴᵽһҽǱȥˡ
ε뷨ܼ򵥣Ϊһƽʱڰ༶첻µزµģ룬ӦáͷߴҿԵҽŶӡ
ҪһˣʱӦֱֿ֣һҪȥŻʿСĶӡһǸӵˣôҪֿ֣ʱôڰϳưԣ
ˣһһֱҽԼˡ
û뵽ҽҲܽšΪò࣬һ㶼ſ˼Сѵģи۷۵С޹룬ҲЩҪúñ֡
ֻƯġ
ȻƨֶԽžԽ۵ġ
һһҪڰ༶ϳͷأҽҲҪû֤Լŵ˾һ
һ룬ûɹȥ
һƨɱ̫ˣͷûҪӲһ۵໽С
ɣɡ
ҽһСĺһȻڶ롣
ڶһ㣬ͷȥˡ
һʼܷɣͷ⣬ֿʼˣҿʼ
֮УǸͷֱӶˣضһƨϣֱűҽȡ
ԴԺһԴ˸ŨصӰ
ڴԽǸ磬ѹûͷֶ
û뵽лȻУ
ôֵĽ룬Ͳ뻹Ҫ֣Ҫһȥô
Ҳƭƭˣﲻɣ
лᶣ룬ӦòĽ롣һװһҲлᶿԼĺ¡
Ц񹬹֣ѵ´룿ҪǴȥҲˡ
һ£ҩԳɢӦþõİ취ˡлҡҡͷһҲͲõҩʲôΣˡ
лᶶһ״̬ǲ̫ģģĵļܺõġ
Ǻǡ
ǸҴҽҲ˵Լļرãأ
˵Ļܹסĸˡ
ҾãǲˡһŬһ˿Цֻһҩѣòרý롣˵ˣýĻӦúܺķ֮ǰ춼ûкۣҪΪ񡣡
һģѾϢ㹻ˡлΪжû뵽һĵľȻΪĸȻûа׷ѣֻҪԼĴˣҲı
Ҿ㲻㹻
һҪȥ˵Ǹɽһֻû˿ڷ磬Ҫ֪ԼȥĵʲôҩʲôЧһǶأ˵ˣһҩҩЧ˵Դеõڱ浤ҩķǲ츣ߣ
һ⻰˵ʮелЩҡ
ûҩЧʲôҲԼҲ²⣬ҾҳȥҩӦЧģֻǾʲôЧҲҪú̽ѰˡһлᶵĶľҸʱ䣬ʣ죬Ҳһʱ
лĶˡ
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Ȼ
һл㲻ˣʱ˿
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˵Һܺ棬ЩΪʲôϲͱϲҩأЩҩǸΣգҪôˤȥ˸ˣҪôԼҵɽǴѲ
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ǰã˳һĻһ룬ȷЩԡ
ҺˤܶΣЩҩҲȷںΣյĵطһΪǵϰˡ
ôأҩֻҪйպˮ־ͺˣôܻŵطأҪطÿζˤȥҪĵطҲ̫ɺˡ
лЩԶԡ
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ǰȥ΢ɽݷõʱ򣬵˵΢ɽŮҪһԵĻͻһЩеרŵǵҩɽµţŮӴܳɾһ˫Եлһ£΢ɽĹعŹ֣һŲеĲԡ
·޴ڣ֮аһлᶵļ򣬡ԺҪǲҩǽҰɡʲôʱˤȥĳ˸ˣ֮˼Ҿͱһ涾ˣ벻ȶУ
Щģ·ҽһ㶼ôġ
֮ҽҽǶҽ󶼵ùԹԾˡ
涾һȡлСķ
ϾûмĶټġ
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һ˳лָķȥǲʲôԭС˼һ
ɽҲرߣһʾûˮ̶Լƾһ书Ҳ
һԼϰһӻһ
˫ա
һһһء
ͲˣȻɽڣһӻȡذװ棬ĵ˵
ãԼСġлЩš
һȴǲŲæģһذ״ӵŵһֻ۾ƺ׼
ȥ
ƽƽذһ˲䣬·𱻼Ч
Ĵ߶֮£ҫ۵ͬһ׹⡣
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ذףɽֻ̮аֱ۵ľ롣
һȻԽƵ˾
һԸ⣬ذ׾Կȫûǽ֮Уһƫƫ˵̤֮á
ôԶľ룬õֻһذףȴ˾ȷеκһʦˣҲδܹһĸá
лһǿȴû뵽һôǿϾѧѧΪʶޣֻܼ򵥵ĸۺ²⡣ȻʵϣǷۺȷǺһ书ǿҪ׼ȴΨһ׼
һ˵̶ȵʹͨġ
һΡ
һӳ˵ڶذס
ͬû룬ڡ
һһ㣬һֻбӶȵĲذ׵ĵ֮ϡ
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һһɽĴС򵥿һԼϵ漴Ӵ⵶ȵЩ漴һ˳ա
лᶵ
ȻһȴЦͷ£ϣǰһơ

䡪
һ֮бĳ
ƷǾ
ֻǼ򵥵һƣȴпı仯
Ʒδ˵񹬵Ĳ֮ء
һȴƷó֮аϲ
Ӿϲң
ִƷȻʲôģԭǿֳģ
ΪֻӾĶأ
ѽ˿ˣǰӦöԡ
һƷֱӽɽں˸ϡáɽѻԭһЩʯһôһ䣬ܿͳһ·
лᶣ׼ɡ
һɽıԵϣ˦˦½ǣͣԭصл
Ҳ֪ܲǽҵʲô书ؼʲôģ
лᶺܿˡ
лᶿɽľЩ㱣ԭֻڱסˣ滹άԭ
ɽᱻ˵궼ܱ֡һҲ֣ɽֶ˷ģҪֻάָʮģö¸˸ͷҪˡ
Ҵҹ飬ȻǾͿǽûп¼ʲô书ؼʲôġһֱͳһȭͷҹҹ˸ŹԣڵɽյЩ
ϴʱûзʲô书ؼôܻᡭ
ˣ
лᶵĻû˵ֱ꣬ӱһˡ
ţлʺš
㿴һߵһǽǰǽڵı϶ǸһʯƤ
ڹһƪķֱ˳ǽϣֱ˸ˣһΪڣ֮Ż֡
·ˡ
һƲƲ죬··١·ˡ
ܲе
ÿһζһжûС
ô˼˼ҲҪһţҪͷǧܽؼóȻٰһ˵崿
Ͱлᶵģ̾У㹻һˡ
Ժ󰡣Сĵɽͱϵɽʱ򣬼ǵöҪۡ󲿷ʱ涼кöģ΢صһ㡣׼һСǽڰӰӰ֮ڶһΣûвضȻذܹĶмв㣻ЩҲûУͼߣһЩûĢ̦޺֮ˣ˵ǳȥ֮Ӱ깦ĺö
һ߶߶ģ޲ýԼ֪֪ʶ˵
û취
лᶶɽˣ̳һƿ֪ҩЧĵҩ˱ɽֻأֱһ޴²ۡ
ڵҲҪμƬƤ뿪
ö˶˵ı⣬ûдֻĲ֪ðɵСӣ룬һʹ޷
ˣ̡
Ȼл϶ѣôлᶵĶĶ
лᶷֵɽֵɽ
ɽĺöлᶴ߾͵Լߡ
̣
Ǳضܰ
лһĴҵֻʶ졣
һһЩϼֱֱϣ˵ʲô׼ʲô¾ǳ͢ĹʦҲû͡
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ˣʲôòأ
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ǽһ˵һˡ
⹦һ㣬Ȳ񹬵ġ񱦵䡷һǷƪķܿͿˣȻóһֵУҲƵǶ⹦ˣķһ㣬ɹ򡣡
⹦Ҫǿѭʽ
ɹһ㶼Լۣߵǿķаɹ෴һձ˵׳Լߵ˰˵һǧ·
񱦵䡷֮ɡ
Ҳ֪񹬵ĴʦǺεţȻܹĹܹôõһλôŮɵ񹬣ôһ콾ˡ
֮£⹦Щֲˡ
ǷڰǰӦܹŵǰĶɷڣЩڹˡ
û취ϵĶһǺõġ
ֻҪûû䣬书ȻֻԽԽߵġ
Ҳû˵ѾʧˣһЩзʽЩڹϣѾܶˡл֣ƺҪٵƪ
ʲôһʱֹлᶡ
ƪʲô书òѧˣվǸĵֱѧˣҲ»;лɫ
ƬĿ¼߳ȥ֮⻹дԼһƽǸʮĴħͷħͷԼǰĶ²ΪܷΪ٣֮Ҳ˼ڸģдϣ˹ۿԼļ̳ߣԼ
лᶶûκͬģֻҪƪٵݱˡ
ôٵϧһԺ˱ݺ£СɽԭԽ⹦ɽΪԼѩأôٵˣǻٵ˱˵һϣ
˵ӦΣڱЩ΢΢Żᷢ飬Ϊһ˵ģԵøпܣлᶾֱ̹Ȼˡ
һЩĴ𣬡ĸġ
ţҪ书·ôлЩ⡣⵹ҲǸ취ܹ⹦ĵĲôҲԵѧһѧ
ҿôеôһʵ

ʲôģ
лóĬԼ̬ȡ
㰡ǽ̫٣նڣҾ㿴ŵ
һ˴㡣
ϧҪûңƪһܹһѪԴӵ꣬书֮ΪħͷȻʼһ·ͣ߰˶һľС˵·
ƫƫãҺлˡ
ʲôģ壬ʲô壬ڶҪҲһţʱתһ·ȥˡ
ҵģ
һߣӣԼʳָƬĿƪ֮صд°˸֡
㿴ͿԽĵˣǺˣ⼸ֿ϶Ҫһ⹦·Ƿɡǻˣ֮ҪӾ
ţǸСţ
һ챻Լжˡ
лᶣ==
ֻдŰ˸֣
˹Թ
㡭㡭лᶼԼĿˮǺһĻ˵ˡ
һȻ˰ɡ
ˣӦöںúõĹǰĶɡ
ʲô㣿ܼһ˵ǰҪҩԼأⶼǺѧġһֱ׳˵
ܼô˵
巢֮ĸѾˡ
㸸ĸƵİɡһĲ𴩵ۼлѾ߳ŭļƣһæ˵ȵȣһкأ
ţ
ֻһֱӲǽڣƪ棬д˰˸֡
粻ԹҲɳɹ


52
лÿƹĿⶢһá
룬һӵʲôģΪʲôÿһΪԼѾһԻ·ʱһʵ̫֪ˡ
һһ֣һлҲȫһ뷨ʱ
ζлᶾܡ
ΪҪд棿л鸴ӵʵҪѣֱӽ֮ǰдǰ˸ȥõİ취ʵڲУİ˸ְдҲС
һƫƫǷֿдˡ
˵ΪѺˣΪˡ
ԹûôסлᶸɰͰ͵˵ڻʹҲҪרŵµСʹˣҲ൱֮ߡ
Ŷģܹɽƪ书ķˣֻҪ¾ԹһһնĻش
С˵ѧģòطѧ书ôܻΪԹأ
ʣµİ˸ֺһң߻ħҲͲԶˡлʵ˵
Ǿû취ˡһʼƪͲʲô书ȻϧԹҲҪѧζŶԷзѧɵɡϣҪ߽ݾҪ۵ġ
ֻҪʲôӺһʲôϵ
л̾˿ȴûмһ˵ʲô
ϾЩû׵顣
ܲ˷ط˵أ
߰ɣǼ濴һϲľлһ㣬֪˵֮ͲȰЩţǼļһɺöˡ
лֻøһߡ
ɽ̫󣬱ϾѺħͷģҲܸ̫ĵط
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תתģҪ룿
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һ²ۣԹȴڷɿתҪβѹһεġ
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Ҿãȴҩԡʼһʵ벻ʲô̫õİ취˭أѾҳһҩˣ϶ҳһΣȻͻлᶻˡ
Уҩԡ
˵ꡣһлᶵĻý룬ܱ֤ܹҩȫɢô룬ôã֮ӦÿԴЩҪҩˡ
лһʱԶԡ
ֻƵһֶΰˣôȫҩأ
ɢףҩԡԡһʵĽҩ壬༤Ҳö֢ҩţı£ʲôġ
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ѵҩԡͰٷְٰȫôһлò˵ĸøҩԡҲһãгʲôãҲýоҲ֪书ǿ¡ôһԺ㴦ʱҲоԽ
ҪǣҪҩԡ
һӲʩ˵һûеҲҪǿĵлɿڡ
ȲҲɡлᶳƬ̣ǴӦ
һʱϲüҡ
ȣֵ̫ˡ

һæԼЦݱ˻ȥ
ֻȴӲлᶵ۾
лᶾú֣ģȽҩԡһôֵø˵ô
ҲȻɡ
뵽һһϵеľٶֵֹ˵ǣлᶵһ뷨
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ɫ
һлᶲòɽҹ
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Ҳֻˡ
лᶣжˣһһһʵ
Ϸ֧лϲһǧˡлֱӱһ׼
֪лҼҴҵ󣬲ʵļͥҲĸĸֵܣжˣһԵʵŶͨͲˡ
ҵûͨлһ۾ͿһҪʲôҲûʲô˵ģĸǹϵճŮҸĸҲƵ÷ɪлҴСмҹ棬ӲóŮɫҸ߳ȥĸ֮⣬ˡڼֵ֮е滹һá
Ŷ
ԭлӡ
ֲ֮ǰǸܼҺСӡ
ô뿪ң㸸ĸûзô
ȻеģǷҲֹҵ롣л룬شҲҡ
˵㻹м岮һлᶳٳû˵ͷϷֻ˵Ե㡣
˵лһ֮˾籾ôл뿪л֮ǰľ׵լξ籾
лᶵĸлҲǵϵȴе塣
ֳ㣬滹ܵܡ
˵лҵϼ
Щ岮ȻҲԼĶӣҸǵϵѪҲ󡣾˵лµֵǣʮ֮࣬Щкӵġ
лҾٴļҵôຢһ֣Ҳʣˡ
ˣлҼ֮λ͸⼤ҡ
лᶳʱִСĳɫֹ֮ˣȻܵлϼϲ
ʱճӵĵλûôȹ̣лҴ壬ֳ͢һƽӹļûа취ӦʱˣлҲ϶ͳһЩƽӹһǴļֻҪǿһ
ζţеϵӵܶгΪʸ
лᶵĳɫеֵУҲͳһ׮
ľַش֮
ЩֵǴͳһȾҪȽлᶸȻЩ˸ûаᡣ
лᶳҽʵףĸĸΪлᶵǰ;һֱڿлᶽӴҽ;лᶵֳȴ͵͵ĸлҽṩֱУѲɻǻʵѵܹô
ǵġ
лĳһξ֮׶Լֳ˽͵͵Լ
Ϊлڣֵܶȵ޹⡣
ÿһлڶɳţܵעԶлᶡ
ЩҽõŮǣĿҲֻ׷Ѱлᶡ
лᶲǾԶǱлѹĴһȺ
һϢȻصĸı࣬Щʧ棬һǲġ
岮ѹֵܼʡЩѾ޵ĽΪ˸ԵҲڲͣľлᶡ˼ҵЩˣҲûҪлܵļѡ˻úô˼
лЩΪĳЩԭֱ뿪лҡ
ɻǣлΪлȴת̬ȵĶлᶳĺֱӷŻлΪеľǺлΪСлҾڽûʲôҲлᶱ۸
ҵЩ飬ȻȫʵҲ߰˷ġлᶵ˵Ǿһ㣬һ˫֮Ƕ񹬹еѰζ
Ҳûʲôѵġһͷл˵޷Ǿ䣬ˮˡǲǸҪ˯ңҴŻδػҪ
񹬵һɵӡ
ˮر¸ԼԵģСȴûдǻ۵Ůˡ
ҪԸǣһͲѹ
һ书Ҫһޣʮܽƭתˡ
ˮ֮䣬һսлᶳĬһ˵˿ڡ
ӵĺ͵ĸ׵ˣΣԿĶһ
ˮ书ǿһȡʤ
¥˺һ˵ˮһ濴ƵᣬлһǶɱĵġ
Ҫɱˮ
һɽݶˮ֪ҳ˹ֻ»Ϊ֮ܣȻ󲻹һеɱҡҲǵԴеˣҲŻҪ󾡿ҩԡһͷҲܻлᶵĿɱˮлҵĴô
Ȼᡣлѿڶ
Ǿˡһлᶵش𣬡ģҲɱˮģǽȻȴĽ̲ڽ¡
񹬴ֵ֮ġ
㡭
ʱ򣬻һҩҲҪôѵģˮֻܱһԱ书ƤУһȫҩˡһЦе˵ʱҾˮķȫװϾӣǺǡ
ӣ
лϸһһĻ⣬ʱЩ󱳷
һĺݣ
ˣĵİɣ˵Щûһ֣Ӳת⣬Ҷȹҹʫʸ踳̸̸ѧ

ЦġĻðհɡһЦе˵
ֵܾ֮Ǵҹ̸ʼİǰڿʼҪŬˢһˢлᶵĺøжˡ
Ҫˢлһ췢ж࣬ҲĵزС
Եģһ
ڶһɽʱ
һȣлȴƣͲ
һһϵĻðգĵлӶתˣһȴƺз˺ܶȤЦĺܿġ
ô˵أ
һǰҲЦЦǴһĳͺǺ쳾ˣܿܿһ
ڣһЦľʮֵġ
һԼĻ˵Ǻܽӵ
лᶲ֪ξܾĵһֻܱ档
˳㱻һҹĲ⴫İԡ
СӣˡܼҿлᶺһȻĻʮּ
ܼңȥϢһ£պˮʱǿʼҩԡлֻȥϢʵ̫ˡ
ǡܼҲʮۣϽȥ׼ˡ
Ϣȥ׼һΪѾлᶵĸ鵽һµĽ׶ΣлǲģͲˡ
һҪֺõˣûֺò˵ġ
лİڰ֣ƿžͽŸصʵʵġ
ﶼһˣըˡ
һĻصԼķ䣬ڴ˸
лôõ죬ӦÿԴ˰ɡ
˼ϸҽ򽻵ǷֻҪץסһ©пܻȫ̱
ԸҲиôǾǵлᶳԼ˫֮󣬳֤ɽȻлᶶԼǶԵġ
ҿСȵҩԡ꣬书ɣ¾ûʲôҼɵˡߣҪҶ֣ҾһӾúáܡ
߼˵˿ǸӦҪ˰ɡ
ĳ֮
ˮʮ硣
ûҲûоʲôĪҪ硣
Ҳ֪ĸڱһֱ߶
ǡ
ˮԻطȥģΪô󷨾סô
졣
һ˯ˬ
һĺΡ
ľϲȵߴߴĽУضк·һϴһ£ƿžͿԼſڵ֦վ˺üֻϲȵʱá
ȻҪǻпУɴȥسĶĳˡ
ӡǴչ΢Ц˵үѾ׼ʳһͬȥ
ôУ͹ȥһϲá
ɽ̸һҹȻõġ
ƣлᶶԷˡ
ԺûµĻҪлȥɽݶµȸʥضཻЧͼӰ
ӣǷҪϴһһ˶һʵ
ϺôҲϴһô˵ţǽӹЩ˵ݹӣĲˣ߰ɡ
ǲ˵ʲôתͷһŴȥˡ
л׼緹Ǻܷʢġ
˳һᣬܼҾһرĳӣЩлᶵĻʳġ
һ߽ȥͿһӵʳʱԽĺˡ
񹬵ĳӿûôĻ
Щҹԡ
кܶļʦкܶʳطұһȥģͨ˸ͳԲ
ǰ¥ΣĶһǿžͺܺóԣлǿҲֲһɡ
׸ⲻȳһ顣һֱлǰֱȼһӡ
лᶷ·һһ
ιлᶣôˣһĹ׸ⶼˣлƺǱ˸Ѩλһ㣬ûӦġ
Ǳ˵ѨˣͻȻ˰һ¿Ķǰлᶵļ
ûʲô⡣
㡭㡭
лعͷһĻҪ˵ȫˡ
۾Զ׼ʹϧźһ˿׾ϲá
۾̺Ҳ̫ˡһԼĴԶҪղˣлֱ˵
һǰ˵ĻЧл䲻ץסһ䣬˵ҿԵӵĸס
ܼѾȫˡ
Ȼ
С˵Ҫʲô
ôкˣǺӵĸ׺СӵʲôϵӺʲôϵ
Ѿô
֪Ҫʣֻǳһ׸Ѱ㲻ô̼Ұɡһлһ˯ԺˣӶѡ
ܼңӡ
Сӣ
ȥþлӡ
ǡ
ܼæԸȡ˾ӡ
ģû°ɡһЩǵĿлᶣ⺢Ӳɵ˰ɣ
һʵʤ۱硣лһֻϣԸң˭ģ
ûкӣ㵽סһû˵꣬лѾľֱӷһǰ
󾵡
Խ˵յɼͭһֻԺ
ˣҲһԼüм䳤һʺʺɰ룬


53
²λûѣ
Ҳδ̫ˡ
ҪлǰԼж飬Ҳֱӳһ֤Լǰ˫ɰɡ
һ⵭Ľӷ£ɫҪȥ˯һ
һԼ̫ˡ
һлҪסһһٶԶ죬ת۱ʧˡ
ССӡܼЩսսȫͷԣҪӣҲһӰ
ҪӵĻлҶһ֧һǣҪȥ˼ҵĺأ
ܼңͱˡлᶰڰ֣ЩƣˣЩ죬ҩʱһ뿪ҩׯʲô˽ô
һ񳤳ɰ룬֤˺ӡ
⺢ӣ׻˭أ
лᶲ֪ΪΣһŽķһϲˣΪκһֵķû͸¶ѲɣԼǵòһô
⣬ܼҳһ
Ҫܿˣôֵܷˣлᶳ̾һ־Լʻʵ̫һ٣ֻңʵڽˡ
ܼϳֳһֹ
Ժڷɿת
뵽лᶴһ֮һϵеľٶ֮ǰ˵ЩֵֹĻܼﲻɿһ
ɲɡ
СӴûжһôĹڣԸ⵱һӵĸףһһľģһȴǰġѲɣСϲһ
Ҳ԰
Լҹʲôˣܼ
һӽУԼҹҲǲϲһи֮һиӵ˵ġ
ѲɡСϲһӣ
⡭⡭
²Ҳûкõȥ
ˣܼңȻһ緹ȥ룬һԷģУԺ󹩸һķˣҪһЩЩзԵģҪԡ
˵лᶻǾòģҲգѾزҲֻܾȡһݵӣͰдĸ׼ɡ
ܼɵˡ
и
һӣǸŮװŮӣ
ĺӡ
үˡ
û뵽ҾȻпСкӵһ죡

һ˯һѾˡ
׳ھǰȴһֱû۾
ȻԼֻһجΣجγ棬ҲѰܹܵסģһһֱᶨΪԼǸүǣͷȴ˰˫еɰ룿
˵ֻһζѡ
Դô᳤ܻĶ
һ׼Ȼ۾
顣
ǰľѾ
جγˣ
ǻ˳ˣ˿̿Լüͷмġ˫־˵ҪԼݡ
ԽˣһԽȷү
˵ǰ˫ǰ˫ûк˹ôܻỳУ
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ϸ룬ǿŲ֪ʲôõĿѾ˱ڵҩ裬һ벻Ŀˡ
ǲ̫Ϸһ㣿
ʲôҩ˲ģͳ
һ˲䣬һ·ܵүŨŨĶ⡣
ӣ˰ɣ͵Եġ֪һаŮװ֮󣬹ܼҵ뷨̾ͱˡ
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Ȼһһͣлᶺ͹ܼһͬ׼
һԼĶӣȷʵеˣһģͳһ׸⡣ϰ֮˱ͳԵĶ࣬һڳأԵȻҪˡ
Ůǽһһʳ˽һ̵˲ˡ
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ǣȻûУҪԵ㶫˵ǲǣܼлҷ֪꣬иƢǶġһĽŮδУôʲô顣
ȵӴȻˡ
⻰ôźǰ񹬵ĵǺԼķʽһޣ
ôԼСô׾ͻᱻǵĵӼƭô
лأҳһûУԼ֪ôһҧгݵ
ǳ˿ɰˣ˳ۣԼֱ˱ǡлô˵ҲµһҽԼɰŵӶˣԼ󣬿Լ׻ûô
Ȼлҵ֣
λŮҪлҵ鷳ˡ
ûϵлҿ
鷳ƣư
ȳţȥСܼһ˫۾Ц˿̿һôô˳ۡ
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Щ˶ô£
һ˳˼ߵ˻лߵˣúùЩ˳Եĺòãûˣ书ôһĶĶӡ
ѲĲʲô磬ʲô磿
ɲ԰Щ·׼ġ
һҡҡͷԼԺ뷨˦˳ȥ
Ҳȥл˾Ϳţ˭˶һߵŮ˵
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ֻʣԼһˣһɫ̾ͳ
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үһ
һϵķˣ
ˣôҲܺԼĶӹȥЩҲֿϧģԱ˲лᶺú˵
֪ǲΪ϶̫ãһ̫һԵʵ١
ģʮ˸ˡ
һƾһ֮ͽǳԹ˴롣
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еˣθڹȻܺá
ˣϽģҾͷϳΪ֮ǰҳ˵ҩԵʣûУҶûϲˣûйĴгôܻỳУҰ֪
һֱӽ˳лᶰ
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ʱ仹磬Ҫȷ뻹Ҫ¡лĻشڱģǶ˽¡ֻΪ˶̥ǣ㻹Ҫúעһ¡
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лˡ
һôô
˵һΣҲỳУɰҩ£øϽǸҩԡݣȻҾͲң
ȱ𼤶лֻСİһҾãڵе㲻ԣ룬ǿȰ
ƨһǿˣлᶵ˼ѹͲҩԡϣ̾ȥ׼ҩԡ
ǡ
ûʲôǡһɫһʱȥұңһҪץͷ˵ˣҲһģ
֣һôһֱ˵ҵģ
лһ뵽һŹֵĿܡ
Ѳɣ͵͵Ķʲô
ܹлᶶ롣
ϾҲ
лһһ𲻼٣ҲЩǲڵġһһĳûʲôлûзҲ֮鰡
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˵зƢŹ֣ǳ׼ʶˡ
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лᶾЩĻš
Ҳ֪ԼΪʲôͷͷ֮󣬸µôһ˲䣬ȻϣԼֲ׵Ĳ²ģ
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лᶶһзһֺγأ
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֮䣬Ҫ޷ʵǺѵһ¡
׻˵ѻǣ֪֪治֪ġ
ܹޱĶһ˳ôôĶԹԹ
οлᶺһĳͳɳζǲܳΪ浥µСɵӡ
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Ϊòһ˽磬ȫԵˡ
лЩĵĿ
ʵڣһƢԣãһ߻ħĿҪһ㡣
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һڵƺе㲻Ծ
ǰ˵йһֹŹֵҩԵ˵ԭԸº͵˱ñ꣬ЩҺʵ˱ϲŭ޳Щ˾ͻҩ͵͵ĺˣ룬󻹻
ʱ䣬ƺɽǸħͷĻҲԵϡ
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˵ֻҩЧӵ΢һ㣬ǰһͼӰأ
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ҺõúܣһⶼûСһԼڵ״̬ʲôԣֻǽһֱû˵ڵĻ˵ˡ
Щ˰һģͶҵĶӣôŬ׬Ǯǣôߵ书ôߵĵλǲһ᲻Ϊ֣᲻Ϊȴܲǵǲв
лᶲ֪˵ʲô
㣬µһҽͲоһ»ʬˮЦ벽֮ҩôẒ̌Ҫҵ壬㵽ҽǸҽ
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ԭΪҵ磬ӦҪ÷Ҫģһûгأ˶Ҫ˯ҡ˵ҲϲŮˣǵãҲҰˡ˵лл㣬ҪΪ㣬һ֪ԭڱ˵ʲôء
һƽ£ֻڵûֱڴ֮ͥȻΣ
ǸˮҪǸҳ֣һҲһԵ˫塱ζ
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һ˴Խ磬Ͳ档
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Що֮ԣһ书ͷԳڡ£ܹȼ޼αԷƱлο
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ȻˡһȶлҲûôˣˣһڿԽȷſôô˵ŤҲܱŤ
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ſ˲ôһŲôſ
Լڵ״̬еƮƮġ
ǣ˾һ
ôйһ֮ͨһӾͱ˲١
ʼһֱʹһȽϿܵ״̬֮˲ȵסȵ˯һһ;ÿɶ̫˳ˡ
ΨôлᶣŻã񻹲ӡ
֮ģ˽֮
鲻õʱǻ᱾ܵȥһЩĶԼá
лᶾôһҩ
̫㡣лᶾЩ̡
һе̫ˡ
Ȼֵܱ˴˵Ҳǳ£״̬вͬ
ƣлᶾЩ졣
ͺ񣬻ʲôõ鷢һ㡣
뵽лĵƿߡ
㲻ҿңһܿע⵽лᶵĶܣŭһӾһҪ˵ٴΣҲ˫ԣҲỳУ֮ĬҵĲ²⣬ΪҪΪ׬Ǯ㶮ô
лᶷܵĵͷȻûнһĻϡ
ѰǸĽ롣
һڵ״̬ԽԽˡҪʩ룬һָ
лᶣҵģ
һֱסлᶵֻ֣ͷȥ


54
лᶾȵۡ
Ȼ˵Щš
ȷлᶵһκôܽӴ
лᶵһʱĺܿ졣
һΪʲôҪô
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үǷҪǽ̣Ů⺰ǸղźгͻȻûˣк棬ȴҲóȻȥ
ҪлĮ⣬֮ǰ׼õǸҩͰɾҪá⣬֮ǰﲻκ˿
ǣү
ŮǲҶ໰ܿ뿪˴˴
лᶳ̾һŤͷ˯ú޷һζʮָӡ
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һء
෴Щᡣ
һӵԣЩˡ
ʱлͻȻʶһƺҪС꣬Ҳδʮš
ԭһôСô
ʶһ֮лЩԼȻԵԵʵ
ͷȥһ
һϻһδȥӤʣֻƽʱ㴿޹ı飬׿ȺСС;ӵһһҲ󼰵书⽭һ񹬵ȨˣЩݾԽ˺͡лᶣһһˣҲһޱȸߴ󣬺Ͼûʲôܹѵõһ˯ˣǺѵʱˡ
лᶽһڴϣְ˱ӡ
ķ䣬ⷿʲô
лᶴĳϳһҽ׼һһһ߿ꡣ
ֻǵ۾鱾ϵʱ򣬴Ծͻ˲ſգȻԾĻղһ
лᶵͷġ
룬һԵǿҩҩе̫ǿˣһԼʱҩЧҲͨൽԼ
ԣŻȵˡ
һ˸Ρ
εԼǰ
ǰ˿С˵֮⣬ûʲôرȤм俪ʼĵһӾ磬ѧ˿ȻС˵
Ǹʱ򣬵̯иŴʦ׵ʵʶǹִʵĴĵС˵ֻҪŮǻһ֣ͬ·ͿԱһ顣
һΣǸڵ̯С˵̯˦һʮǮʮС˵ʮǸĸ˫ûû£н·һƿڴ
һС˵ͬѾǵù͸ˣȵ֪ѾµС˵͵Ӿʱ򣬲޿ɾҩ

ڻѧٷչʱÿһţдһǣܿ죬Щ߾ͻ֣ᷢûκгЩ·Ѿȥд飬ѾϤ·磬ôȤأ
һڶĻĵ״̬
ɲθЩЩС˵߹дܹͣдȫ޼
û뵽ǣһԽȴ硣
ȴǴһӤʼ

һ۾ʱʶԼĶͷ
ˣ
һԼĶͷϹһƬ
Ȼΰɡ
һ˿
˵Ҳ̫ˡ
Լһֻа˫еʱŻɰ룬֮ԼִƢֱӱлᶣֱ˼ңå
һԼǸå
ôأ
лᶿ϶ĺѣҶһֱҲǴүǣлҲǴүǣһ𣬻Լģôô֡
һԼ壬ʼƵĴˡ
Ҳûа취
Ϊʲôлᶣ
лԼֻӣǰȥֻһҲ
ǰʱεʱμҲԼС˵Ůǰ
˵ûʲô˵ġ
һܿ͵Լ
һζѣûʲô˵ġ
˺ܶࡣлԱѾһãȴһţϵȥ˼ϡ
ۼһѾعлᶲųѡ
ôһʶıء
ףȵȣΪʲôҪƣ
һò̫ԡ
лҲòԡ
ûмǴʱ򣬱ᱡӦΪʲôһַƣ
ȡ
лƣҲȥһ
ֻһΪҩԭµСˣΪ̫ڻ
ƽһΣлᶿҽ鶼ûпȥ
ǻḡ֮ǰĻ棬촽ϻһ˵һ
ΪҩԵ˯ĺ޷ȻҪúǡл˵棬ֻȴûпһ
ģһҪװС
ô£лôֱ֣
ͺֱϷ˵Сϱһ
ɲɡ
ѲԼģ
һеͷƤ飬Ҽȥ
ģĶл飬ѹˣҪװµĽ¸ҹȥ
ִ㲻ʲô磬ѾƵǡ֮סģһòãʲôҲҪġ
Ȼ˵ȢлҲûʲôãҳҽֺã˳޿ޣԸҲᣬ˵Ľ
ɡڲ֮ǰ㽫лᶵԼһӺֵܵİ
˼ҽ㵱ֵܣȴҪ˯˼ҡ
˵ȥ
˵ˣܹݵ֮ĲеĴ飬ܹݵô
Ŷлᶿ˵ǻ顣
ΪлУԼ㲻ˡ
һں˼֮ʣлȴȽ˵ˡ
Ȼ֮ǰΪҩԵʣܹоó˵Щġлᶶ˶٣ŬԼ˼άع
һ˯ŵʱҲȷá
벻֪һһ
лһֱԼǸ˴ﶼʮȫˣϸ֮󣬲ŷԼڶԴһϣʵǺܲһġ
ͬһԼ˵ô飬ӵϳ˲󼰵Ķɲлᶻ񹬵ЩӣĵȴܻܲУܲ
˵һһֱԸԼ˫ԣһˣĿ뷨һ˵Ƶˡ
ȵһͷϵɰȥлᶲ֪Լˡ
һ˵ûкйʲôӴҲԲܻС
ЦȴΪӡһֱһڿ˵Ը⵱ӵĵ
룬лᶾ߳ܵιȥ
˵Щʲô
ǻǰлƤûôʱ򣬿ҪߵһӶټһˡ
ڸһһʱ䳤ˣлڵĿѹҲǿ˲١
һ졣
ԼһҲǵһˣֻҪϰ֮󣬺ҲûʲôԽܵġ
ȵȣ˵ʲôˣ
һڵһŽ
ԼǵԼ˵˺ܶණ˵ʲôǵˡ
Ŷǿлᶵ飬ȴǼǵ
ǡ
üǵõĲǵãüǵõĵǼǵú
Ĳ˵лᶵ쵹ͦġ
ޣʲôأ
ҵȷӦó׵۹ȥ㡣лᶴ˿̵Ѿռֱ̧ͷһˣиëҷԼҪо֢ʱ򣬳ţǼ⣬ͬȴûʱ˵뷨ǲһġ
лᶸһ֪һϢãе˼һָϡ
ʶΪ˫ӦҪӵܵġ
ɾǻʵŮӣҲвϲģοһĵΪԼˡأ
һԣʵһ°ɡ
ôһֻҪУͿһֱΪһˣ˷ݡ
˫ϡȱ˫֮˸֮١
ܹһ˵ϻţһ˶Ľ񹬹ѵȵһָָ㣬ùĿⶢŵ˫ô
˼ǳĵȴһҶĿ㣬ûע⵽
һ˵ԼӣÿÿСֱҲ֮ʡ
лᶣ˵ݻô꣬ͻȻ˸ˣǿӵ˫壬˶ڴԼһӣӣ˹ô
ȵлеŵʶԼһ˶˺
ϧǰȴûгٳδ
һһΪµҩ˵һֱĻһֱôִȥ
л̷ʡԼ
ҡ˵ʲôˣһлᶵĻǵСҲ֮ʧ١
лȻһ㿴ģֻΪл˲׬ǮŰˡлûǸˣлᶱԼ̬ȣԺҲ˵ܻܲеˡ
֮ܶǸϢ
СٿԴ֮ʧԺǵദҲһ¡ȻŸԽԽСҲɴ£׳ɳ޷صľ档
ǽлᶵɹˣȻԲ⡣
Ķġ
һҲˣôĽлᶿǹأлᶵĹĺ飬ҲһоûС
˻Ҫһ֪ѣŲԵùµ
ǺϢҲ¶ʲô
лᶶΪǰġС¡ǸˣԼǿǿǸ¡ѵҪԼлᶲɣ
һоĺܡ
ҪлᶵĻͳлᶵȢҲûʲôʧȢôʲô˵ģҪȢлᶣµĵӺͳǶܴͷĵβ
ǣѾлᶿΨһϿɵˡ
İ˿һ㣬ѲС
һⱲӿ֪ٸ·Щ·˵ĶǡһǶ顱
·ò
̶ʱ֮ڣһΨһ뵽İ취ǡװɵ
ӱɳܣð
еΣоԼ˸ܳΣ벻ʲôһװģͷƺͷ۵Ĳеӣúú˵˵׷ʲô飬Һúûһ¡
лᶿһһû˵
һϵҩЧɢĲˡ
л͵͵ĸһ룬ҩɢһͷϵɰ붼ˡ
һ书ǿϢʱ䣬ҲӦͷѵġ
һƭƭҲͰˣˣлᶲһԼһֵ.̳ģǸϡɽׯһ˼ơ
һݼôƭùлأ
һӣлЩңЩ޿κΡ
Ȼһ£ȻҲԵûз
ûʲôֻһԵǿҩӦġħֵҩЩЧЩ񣬲ױˣ˾оֵҩɷֶǴ֮ɲͷͳ˶׽ĸ꣬ڷҲʹ䡣ҩҼǵһζҩѾ׾ˣԵһţһųƷҩˡ
лԭҲûôŵĵҩֻǿһ֮ǰı֣һʱ
ôܾãһʲôҪûĲ˵˵ôһĽ˦˳ȥ̽Եʵ
ҪлڲԺ£Ҫˣ
лԸ񣬿¸˵ڣǻֱӷ£¾ôȥ
ƻͨ
ͷۣҪúϢ¾ҳΪһܣҪ֪ɵʱٸ㡣лȴûһֱӽҹȥ
һЩɵۡ
Ȼлô·ƣ
Ĳһ
ˣӦö˰ɡлתƻ⣬һ˵˯˺ܾãһֱûгԶѾȥˡԱһ£ҹʼͿԿʼ׼ҩԡˡ
ҩԡ
ҩԡҪô
һŴ£̾ͽԺЩͷ׵Ժ
ԺԺ˵ΪҩԡôãһҪݣ
ãǴӽͿʼôһ費Ҫ׼ʲôһѣ˺þڵȵ죬ྡˣ
׼ĶҶ׼ˡлҡҡͷ˵漴뵽ʲôֲһ䡣
һҪһú׼һ¡
Ŷʲô㾡˵ǡһˬĻش
Ժõ㡣лһĻشֻϣŲҪιȥˣʱ֮ʲô鶼ˣһܿյġ

лǲڰʾʲô
ѵװģҪҸ𣬻ҪҶ𣿿ǲ԰ĻлӦûٱʾһɡ
˵ˣԼݼӦûġ
һ־л˵Ļζ
ᡣ
ԼʱǷʲô裿
ö˶˵˭алᶣӲѱ߲ݣԼãֱӿ˼ӵ춼ˡ
Ҫ̽ʣ
ǲһʣлѾﳤȥ
һȥᷢлᶵĶѾȫˡ


55
ҩԡζҪ.⣬һΣлᶲٷԼӾǻȫԱغʱӦԿֵܳĲӦ
֮ǰ֮лᶵҲ࣬Ͽôߵˡ⵹һ˿ǸҲһЧûУȻлҪһ׼·䡰ӡһҪѪ
Ȼ˵⻰е̫ϾɵɣһҪ˵һ䡰ˣһôˣ
ҩ׼ĲΪ˷һҩʱ򴩵ֻͨ£ж֮ѾԼѩ׵ļ
лᶲ˼һķ򿴣ֻܵͷŵذ壬á
һЦЦȫǻõĳ̶Ȱ
˵ĴլӦ˼õĿģα˵ķ䡣лߣԼõҩ󣬶Ҵ˻ֹһ
֮ǰһֻ㿴һۣûôȥҩζ̫ŨˣĵطʵûʲôȤ֮ŷ֣ҩж졣
ĴŵĴҩͲ˵ˣװÿһҩһʶǣÿһҩ棬Ȼһҡ
ԣûҩֱͨĸңֱло֢ͬҩĵطҴЩҵֶξ͸ˣҪһ򿪼ʮֲͬװҩĳ룬һҾͻᱻաĸңÿһַһ
һΪˣҲȫ㲻̶ʱ֮ڣлᶵ״Щ룿Ҿ˵Щһһ¾ͻһΡ롱£ȥл֮⣬ûܹÿˡ
ȻҩصôʵһͻȻеڴνĲرͼĵصˣо򿪲رͼصı⣬Ҳȴлᶵҩס
֪Ҿסص˲١лᶵҲЩΣǾҵҩһֳ˾Ϳ԰ٶ֡ͬʱһԾΪֵҩЩ͢ˣ;Ѿһܹܹϵҩ
˵Ӱ
лµһҽͷ̫ˣںܶҪ߽ݾ˶ĿϡлҲòԼҩأͱӡ
ҾݣһŷڷмҩͰʵ
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һлᶺӣ̵ĸлᶵȻ˵⻰Щˣ书ͻָ˰ɡ
ǰһֻлᶽ⿪һķӡлᶾֻṦá֪ӺʱʼлᶾѾж糣ˡʼʱлᶻװһװ˺лѾȫװˡ
񹬵ķѨַҩȷأ˵ѨҩΪϤĶֻҪһʱ䣬ҾͿл˵ԼרҵͷͷǵҩͰһ¯棬ܿҩҺͿʼð
Ҿ񹬵ַҩﻹиĽĵطܹѨΪѨ
ȵȣ˵ˣЩҶ̫ڴô٣һֱվͦġһʵ˵ܸܲϽȥһݣ
лԼ˵ģҩԡ֮ǰһʮʱڶҪҲ˵һȫǿԼӲ
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ŶŶŶǰС˵￴ֶ
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С˵ﶼдȻС˵һдİ֣ȥЩ·˺֮⣬ԭҲϡŹֵĶġ
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лᶽεĶһ˵һû˵ꡣͨ˵ȥȻǹ书ԽߵˣЧԽһ书ѾһֻССıܰˡ
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ǰ˵ʱЩ˰ӣҲǲếģ˶ڽ˵ʹлԾʮġһҩ¿࣬ڵӵʱлʶĽʹȣû뵽ǣһܲˡ
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ǵһƳ̣оŴΣһλһʹʱǺáлᶾãһԹԽҩԡ±֮ǰҪѵĶࡣ
ҪԵʳлȡһ̹ӸɣӸɣ÷ӵȵȣŵˡ⻹иɫɹͱֺóԵĶĲװһʳС⻹ǹܼлһҩ̫ûᵢԷԻ᳣һЩлʱԡ
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ˣҲԲ¡һѾȫԼ־Կʹˣ᲻˵Цһ
ЦлᶲûдһԻ·ѹʲôЦ

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л˵оŴΡҩЧҪҡ֣һѾŤ

Ҫݣ
룬һ취Ҳôʹֻ࣬ǲ֪ԸԸңһĪ
˵лᶴӦˬ죬ֻҪģԡ
Ǻãչһ㡭ԣٹһ㡭
һлԽԽԽԽ
лᶼӶʱһץסлᶵļһᡣ
ͨһ
лҲֱӽҩͰ֮С
һݣҾͲˡ


56
лᶱ⧲קҩͰ
ҩͰ󣬼ʹҲ㹻ɵ¡
ֻҩͰıлᶽʱġ¹ѡ¹ѡĽ˼һ˲䣬ҩͰ¶ȱøһ㡣
£֪ҩж˰ɡһĿл˵
ô۵ҩԡлᶲԿôԣ
ȻлȴֱӳĬ
ȷȷʵʵĽ뵽ҩͰ֮УҸоҩͰҩҺҩ
˵ʵȻеۣȫлᶵͷΧ֮ڡ
һ۵ȥҩ
лһ˲Լ˶ҡ
ҪȵĻžǱõֱӿһӰɡŸʹҪԶԶڡÿ˵ָвͬʹҲвͬһôۣԺУ»ȺҪˡ
ôһ룬лжһеԽִ˼֡
ҲһһֱһˣǶõġ
ǰĺ䳹ס
۵˵ˣһ촽Щףǿлֱֶ֣ʱԼҲ̫лᶣȫûˣǿ
лᶸӲ˵ˡ
ҪǣҪ˵ô۵ĻԼὫһֱ㲻ȵҩԡ֮һҲ߳ŭȻ취ɱڡ
лȻֱȴҲɵɫ
񣬾ǿݼʱ
ֻлˮѸٵĵԼѨԼɫô˵Ҳ˲١
һû뵽Ȼôۡлᶶ϶˵ôһ仰˿һǸΣһˬ
ԣʲôضǼٵġ
ԼϣԶۡ
ֻлҲһҩԡжۣлᶲŻȥҩô
֪ͺáΪлֲӶԱȣһʱ;ϵʹҲûôˡϾڻһҵԱȣҪԼҲֵۣʱʹӱġ
ΪҽӦоһֹҩһ٩٩̸ջ٢ɢ֪˶ˡлҲоһֹҩȻǧšϣкܶ༲Ǹûа취ģֹҩĴЩʱĸӿһЩңԶĲ˵˵вŮӣÿÿˮ֮ʾʹֹҩǾͿ԰ʹ࡭
ҲһҪĶ
ʵ˵ǰЩС˵ǴԽ֮ҪôʳҪôױƷʲôģ˵ʵⲻʳǻױƷЩҪ˲õϵģһҲֻܾٲȺ
ҩƷһ
ԲʳԴֲ赭ӣҲԲױ泯Ҳһ㲻ܲ㲻ܻȥܾһܹʱԶʹҩ
ҩױģ£һԶ
ҪǣҩȺܶܶˡ
׬Ǯ
СӲѡһĴˣǻѡȫҪġ
һƽʱкܶ˼룬ôȷҪһʲôЧҩͷһΡ
Ҳĵȷȷлᶴ˺ܶС
лᶵҽܺãʱ۽磬ʱ򷴶֪Ҫȥ峢ĸ巽򡣵һл֪ԭҽⷽ淢չ
԰Ϊξû뵽һأ
ʲôң裬ֹҩԸӷлᶵۡ
һһҩͰţлѾ޲ھܵԼһҩȥʼ׼оһֹҩˡ
ԣͿԴڿʼŬˡһͼлᶵļֱʵ᲻ϣҲֻʣˣƤӵˡ
˼ǣ
ҩԡһξ͹ˣʣµļΣҺúõĸһҩһҧгݵҪ䣬ҲҪȫȫʹĽ
ԹҪжɾͣԿ඼ǱȻģԿܹΪһʦһЩʶҪ߸ˡ
Ҫ书ھ£ֲ
ľǺӻˡ
ƫƫл־һ˵ҲûеΪʲôһҪԿأȵԺһ˲ԿҲֻԼ
ãһΣҾȥķӡлᶵͷ϶һΣԼݰɡҩЧֻһõģݾˣҩЧ㻹ʹһΡ
һɵˣ˵
лᶼһ֪ãȻģ΢΢ҩͰվ𣬡ģһҲܿͽˡ
˵꣬лûһģܿ뿪ҩͰطȫһ
һֱȵлѾ뿪䣬һôӦ
л㣬Ȼװ۰ƭȥˣ
һ㶼ۣ
˵ߡ
лԭΪԿû뵽ûеĳϵǡ
ºлϳȥˣҵл컹æɽׯ飬һɳ¡Сһһ۵Ĵһ
ϣ⣬˿϶չ˲֮ҵǰȥߣϹʳסУ޺Щżǿɲô
ϹǻʲôȤԣ
ǺлһͬдҪô£Сһۣ鸣죬ֻᰭְţȺǡ
Сô˵ˣ޺Ҳֻˡ
᯳ϣǣǻЩеûУлҲܲסˡ
֮ǰ˵õŮװ££ôȥҪôһˡ
ͣǱҲûõȥԴָǣͿʼ.ˡ
û취ͣӢ䲻˶ΪԵʣִһЩɱ̨֮Щ˴ͬ񹬵ĵǣûôʶͣһġ·ͣǲٴɫҲһѷһȥ
ǿŤĹϲʲôġ
ǺǣҪĿɲǷͣģЩ鰮ʲôֻйɵŮ˲Żȥ׷ǴͷβҪľǷͣӣҲҪܹĺ͸ˡ
˵ϣͣҪܾǶС
ϾƷͣЩҩɶֵƣڷͣ־δ֮ʱѾƭǩ಻ƽȵԼִͣ񹬣޴ӣҪˣǸܵ顣
󣬻лްæȥ˹еĳϣ˵˵ⷮͣôҲǹİҪÿ춼ã˸ûˣ֮󲻺˼
ˣҪһЩ
гϺ͵Ϸͣһҹź򼸸ӣֻܽΪһΣһһˡ
Ȼͣǲ̫⣬Ѿ޶ˡ
лҲǷ˺ôһȡĴԷͣʱҲЩڷͣԴ˺ܿÿˣüǰ·ֻҪӻǡǰججģˡ
ƤҶѣϲȥҲ޲ɡ
һ䡣Сתͷлۺͷۣͣ˵˵ֻҪǾˣǣֻҪǳеӦĺСֻҪ캦ܹκһ뾭ѵˡ
ʲôлˣǸʲôش
ˣһ¡Сּ˵࣬ͺһ
ǣϡ
ܿʹŻָװĺŵһˡ
л۵Ŀ˲ͳźŵȥ

Ϊʲô
Ϊʲô˾Ϳװ磬ԼȴƫƫҪŮװ

ϣҲǹǵİ񣿡ӿӢĺŵ̲ס˫۷Ź⡣
ͣҲ̫ŶˡһΣЩ˶ҪŵԺˡҪ;ͣʲôģֵŲ
ҪһΣǾ˯ˡ
ʲôأСһۣһûϢģ껪Ŭһɫ˵ȥ񹬻кεδԣ
࣬ʲô˼лҲûҴŵͷֻûｫһƱóֻܹô
ŵƱһ̾ͱסˡ
Ǹ
ǡǸӣƱ
ǹҵġŵĻشоӡĴæûиλŮǴ֪ȥü

ģ
񹬵ĵͬлڣȫһ
ȻҲܴ󷽣ûô󷽹
ǾǾŰ
ŰҲѾܶܶˡ
ȥٴε̨ˡ
ѲɣƸ
лл˼ɫֿСˣ⡭Ҳǲܰ
ϾлҲֻһ˰ˡ
񹬵Ĺûдһյ
λӣƱʱлϿڣһᶨлᶵӿźŵĿ˲ơ
лϲϵĹˣʲôҰҰݣޣŵȥлἸ꣬һȵùлϣȻҲ׳̫ģһͲа
˵л磿ȻˡŵЦʮֿлֱҵܵܣҲиˡл˵ˣԺסķӣʱٽҹеһЩء
λлᶵӶپ絶ʡ
ġ
л˶ί
ˣлϲԴףֱ˵ܵܣֱӸ͵Լסĵطˣ
أҷ緶
̫ίЩ
Ա߿Ŷί
㱿лһֲŽءһ֧лᶵĵͬ½ǣС˵㿴лϽֱӸ˻͹˳ȥȥˡȹлͽĸˣʱ򣬹ﻹǵʲôӣ
һﾪ˰
лϣֶ׵ġ
ֲܹ¹
࣬ôãҿҵĿе㲻̫ԣǺŵٶۣҲЩеӿԼĿЩ̫Ծˡ֮УЩԼ棬⣬Щ˿ԼĿ⣬ͺԼǵĳһ
ˣȴԼƵĲ񻰡
ŵС³󣬶Ϊ˴̫˽⣬ȴ˲Ե޹ʵĶ˺ãҲԵ޹ʵĶ˻
ЩˣΪʲôΪ̶̼仰ͶԼ̬Ĳͬأ
ǣʱҡγЩе˼룿ʵҲģɵģԺŵǸʲô뷨ҲԴ⡣
л϶Ժŵʮƾˡ
书ǿ񹬵ʱǿȥúֽ̡СԺŵ书ʮȤ쿪ʼӻһǵȡҪǱҷ͵ģҾģ
ǣϡ
һ˵СҪˣʱʲô˼Ҳûˡ
ԿԵȵպ󣬵ǿҪǲûպˡ
ҩׯ
һѵ˵һƳ̡
ΪлᶹװƭԵʣһһ춼Ҫлˡ
ʵ̫ˣ
лᶾȻûһģⲻԵĳ֮ǰĹǺô
һƼˡ
лһǸкڡ
˵ҩԡ˵㣬ЧĲֻһƳ̣һ͸оԼٳûжġ񹬡ڰ˲㿪ʼɶƺԼǰˡ
Щڵԭǿ书ķǿѹģѾʼںϵļ󡣵ȵһЩںϣŻӵа꼶Ϊ⽭ϵһѧʦ
һһЩɢҩׯӣҲһʱ䣬ǧû졣
ڳȤĶɱлᶵҩׯҪˡ
һ˸ķЩ˼ƾӣͽԪôҲиʮ
ֻǼʮӲЯһò˸Ϻõѣ䣬Ҳ˼ַεĸо
Ĳر𻪹ֹŵӣҲûʲôˣͲİףżȻĸҹӡ
ЩƦåҪһѵģֱ͵ȥ
ð
һ̲ס֣ɽ֮û˲١лᶵҩׯҪҲˣȻˡ
˵ûУǸɻֿʼˡ
ٸôȥץˣ˾͸ֱŪ
ˣٸûץǶ˺üͷˣڿͽ뽭ȥץءɻӰȥ٣ôץ
ɻ
һȤǰʵλӣ˵ɻô£ϸ˵˵ô
ϸϸ֪ɻԭֻڽһܣ󡣿ɽ£˵Ŀⶼ˲رͼϣܶ˶뿪Լĵ̣ɻͳû˼δ󰸣ʱȵ
ȾˮӵδޣյһԳƽС͡˵ӣ˵ĽѾãҪһδȻ˺޺øУȴҲСƣ׼⵨¡
˭֪ȵԲ֮ҹδ޷ǵûץסڵڶʱ˵ϲҪҪľҪ˻顣ˮŵӱԸЩѶϣԼ˶ڣֻ˻顣˻֮ʱ￪⻱Ͷʱ
ĳҵС檺⻱βΪ˱ɲϧɱѳȵȡ
⻱͵Ҳ̴
ӢҲǽ֮һʵǿ⻱Ͳ֪ôģ˵ӢСŮĹɫ㣬ȻҲλСһӡڣӢǽԼŮذΧһֻӬȥأ
Ŷ
ɻ趨
һ°ͣ¶һЦݡ
ˣϲֲɻˡ


57
ɻֻҪϻ˴ڣ˵ġҲǾҪˢһɫǷΣ书ˣͳΪνġǳóģÿҪֱɱû޹Ů
£֮
һǾãɻôֻҪԷĸǿ˼ҹ飬ٷ磬ҲҪɱġ
û취񹬳һԴʹ
ǸӢŮĺһôôأƯӼֱ಻ʤץһɨصķ涼Ǵ˰
Ȼ˰СֵܣǰŮ겻ʮ壬׵Ѿ̤żˡǲɻ˼СҲСడ
˭˵أ
Сֵأ
Ӣ
һֱṦ˽ȥ
ӢڽȻɣԵͣϾġˣܵһ˵ͰҲûʲô
ǸɻǸɧãҾֱ
ǰӢǻסãʱڽϾ͸ӻᱻ˿ˡ
ҪȽøˣ
ǲɻ˼ҵòС檶ŹüˣѵܷŹ
ӢͼӼü
ͽȵ𣬵书ȴߡˮֱӶ׷ɱû˳ɹץʲôӶԼŮǱǾҲδܹס˰
ѵûʲô취ôҪһҽߣ
ǰطҶҲף뿪ﻹܻסӢҡͷ
ǸΣ
Ϊ֮ƣֻһ취ˡӢüȴǸһӣãһֱ˵ĸ˭ʵʱĳ񹬵йһ顣
ʲô
񹬣
һסˡ
û뵽Լϵʱ򻹺񹬵йβҲ˵õĸףӦ񹬵ˡ
Ҿ˵ĺһ㶼ԭĸף
Ů񹬵˾Ȼûб
Ǻÿడ
ӲԼͬ˵
˵ôһ嵥ŮŲƺЩ֧ʱҪһ㡣
ʱ磬շϼ
ôⶼһɫˡ
ҲƵϵˡ
һ΢΢üص㿴˿һҡ
ŨüۣҲĲ࣬ĻҪһ㣬ֵȫͲһεġ
Сᣬ㡭ˣƺЩţô͸СҲʵûа취ˡ
Ҳǲߣֻǲģǳ;棬񹬣˵Ҫ;УֻܽҡǸʱҲ⣬ͥɹ󡭡
һҲûҡ
¶ˮԵ񹬵ˣˡ㲻ȥ㲻㣬ǷǡǰŮͷ㱻ǻͿϣҲдŸֻǻ˲ֻܽ񹬵ͷס㡣
Ǻ񹬲ûжٸϵ
񹬹һڽ˵һǻʹûȾָ񹬵ˣɼҲɵҲһ¶񹬵ѪݣҾֻܽ͵ȥµ񹬣ҲĻ·
ҪǱǲɻˣŮһӣҲ㹻ɱˡ

ǼͥˣһҲٿ
񹬳еߣǶԴŮϵҲȽ⣬ϲֱ˯һͻ᳷żкӳҲǶô׵顣
һμȻˣǾԵ֡
Ͳܲˡ
ҹ
һھ¥Եľ㷹һǳӣҡڵľͳӢˡ
ǻӵʱǽҹ
⸽ҪһٳͣһЩϽҲӢ˹
˵ڵӢʵʵܲ͸硣
ģôˣضǻ޻أ
Сġ
ҵڣһСƽǣ

һ˵Щ˾书ˮƽû¾flag»ͻǿô
˵֮ǰЩ˻аٷ֮һĿܹס͵ĻھѾ޿ˡ
ָЩܹһʱ䣿һԼʵ̫ˡ
ϴԽãԽǾĽȻûб͢ɵ⳯͢Ҳͦİ
һֱӸЩеĳһˣĵߡ
ʱ˷֣ߵʱҲ˷֡

ʲôˣ
⣡
Сܡ
Ѿȫûзеġܼҡ뵽ܼҡѾˡ
ǰģѾ˵Ļ͡
СﻹûüӦѾѨֻ۰Ͱ͵Ŀǰжȥݣ¶Ŀˡ
ԼĪǶʮ£߰˳࣬һ˫۾ÿҲǷ档
ֻòܹòŮӳԡ
ˣҪȥʲôɻҪֺһŮӣ¸ûܹܾ
ֲ⡣ͽȡ£ʱϸϸĶС
ȷ˼ɫٳ꣬
Ǹ㵹Ǻã˵ų˵񹬵ӵĺӡ˵㲻񹬵ˣǣҲ塣񹬱ضˣ˺ĺһ㣬ǵɽ𺣣ҲҪȥһˡ
֣Ůͷ
޳ܣ/Сֱƿڴ
޳ҲͰˣ.ҿɲϡŮӻ.ãԸҲҪѣ㲻Ը⣬Ҳһָͷ
˵꣬ͻĶ˶˴ߵϣСҲʱ
˲Լ֡
Ҳܺÿ͵С˵ϵˣ̬вͬʵǽĿѣԣ
ӣҲǷ棬ȻΪβȥͼ񣬷۸һ޸֮ŮңСƽֻԼϰʲУಡֻ롣
֪жôĽЩڽϴŮ֪ôĽǿϰ䡣ƫƫЩӵ˽ĽѵȴϲһЩű߼ʵ¡
Ҳûа취ˣѰһȥӽˣЧ˵Ҳ׽˼ᡣ˵ˣϲͥû˼Ϊĳһ˶ͣɻʲôãһ㣬Ҫʲô˶СԼĵ
㣡ľɵ񣡡
˺αͻЦģٿһӣͻֲᷢ˹ˣʱȻ뿪ŮżȻˣǾơˣʱܹһ˲׬ˣǲܶƬ̻˱ġ
Ϳ˵ʱ۾ֱӶԷģϣ׽
˭᲻ϲԼأ
˼ҶΣСһԹϹ˵ҪԼһԸסԷġ
˵Ҳνĺ·
һҲСδױƭ񹬵ĵӣҪôֱ˯ˣҪôֱӽ˵ĵȴϣĿˡ
ѽٶȱĻҪ죬ʱȲˣˣ仨͸㡣
Ͳ֪ͳһֱ֧ӲСķϡ
ǱԼѾˡ
ЦЦתʧ١
СѨͻȻһ⿪ͷֻһӿǡ
̧ͷʱͷϵĻѾʧ١
һǳӣֻͬӰһ͵
ò˵͵ṦһʶĽ˵Ҳŵǰ˵һҲ˿ΪṦڣҲֲʿ޵Ҳץɻˡ
ֻϧãһ
һյĳ˺ЩǳӣǰǸ˻ûܷԼҪԷѵ

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֣ͷϵĶȡȴеİһǡ
͵ͷһ£૵ǳӣ
ҹģôǳӣ
һ亹֪λǰˣһ
Ҷûӣ
һǲһҧӣ
кâһеİѾķȥ
ˡ
Ǽӿǽ䡣
Խ衣
ԺľṦͰ˵ڣԷŮٶֲ壬ҲһûдС
Ӳˣ
úǰ
ͼȻǸɲɻеģ֪ܲ򵥵ĵ
ˣ͵Լٶȣܣ
ӴŶ
û뵽СӵṦܸ죡
һʱ¡
ӣȥ
ĹΡ
ͷϵ亹ԽԽ࣬䤱
ܹоԼһֱһӰεĸԼǵͷʱȴûܷκ˵Ӱӡ
ɱʵѹȸУȴʵʵġ
ʦ˵ҵṦѾǵǷ켫ܹṦʤҵӦòˡô£Լŵģˣʲôɽ֮ô
һ·ܵҹʵܲˡ
ͬһ̲ڵء
ǰ˵£ʲô֮˵ǡѾˡʱʹṦȶ첻ԼˡôȥǱɱǻ
ҶôǰԼֳʲôӰɡ
ҲҪף
ṦǺʲôѧģһӺڰ߳͵ǰǳӣĿô£ô
ԼĿʲôа֣ҲܻĳŮ汲ˣû˿̳ԼǰľȻһʮ/ˣ
еǳӻɢûɣ϶һֱӼȣȻô죬һ·׷ϣ˵ӣ࣬ҲѾ䶳ɿˡ
ᣬ书
괩ĻֵƣϷˣֻһ
񹬹һ
һǻôǴ³Ҳûôġ
ǣһʼһûл񹬣˽ϡ
ԼҲûʲôԹ
ѲɣӢ
ݣʵڽС˻ֲ̿ѡһ߹֣һעȥһɫ
ֶԷûзݵʱӳˡ
һźúõ񹬲׷һɻ⹬ôеģ
㻹ûлشҵ⡣һӸµĿ
ͬǱǧѾһҲ΢΢Щˡ
ֻ֮ʦҲûʲô˵Ҳδ֪ͼɻء
Ṧ˲֪ܹñ۵ģ޼ˮŵγ뺮һŶ翲ƽ棬㲻ۣ㡯ھҲһѺڵʦգֻ֪ھֵңṦҲǹǳ׷Ŷڵ£˵ڵ˺üƥǧѲã滨ɲϴ󣬵Ṧʶ滨ɲΪам
һ˵⼸ϲɫȻȷ
ϧ֪ȥ⼸֮⣬ڶʮǰݵĳֹһΪ㡯ٷ磬òٽŮӰĽϧСİһз֮Ȼɷ߳ŭŻɱˣ𺣣ʬ޴档
һ˵Ѿɫ䡣
ΪͣľҲʦڽѾǸˣʵϵʱûҵʬ塣룬ӦѲ˹ϵա
һܽὭ·˻ݰ°㰡֮ģʲô˧ȵȣȫй¼ġ㡱ǳúÿṦãһһʲôģôôС˵ģ塣
ʬ޴ʲôģһǼٵġ
սˣҲǾʬ壬ȻҲʬ壬Ǿû
⻱͵Ṧô죬Ҳϲʲô󡱵ĲɻҪ˵̵֮ģôܣ
㡣ԼѾǵһɶͻʲô÷ϵģСǹ󹬵ѪС˲ԣ빬дһСųеɣ벻Ҫʦ֮£ʦѾ˴ɽֻ֣밲ˡ
Ҫɽ֣αػΪӣһɲһף˵ɣҪ׻ҪæѩޣҪиĿɡʵ˵㲻˵һѡ
Խ衣
ôܻ񹬹
˵ݲرͼ񹬹һõ֣ȻֱаǱ֪Լʦ֪һݲرͼ䣬ʦﻹаӹ
ֻߣС©Ϣ֪ʦ¾͸ƽˡ
˵ЦˡŬƽС᲻£ѧ˱£ҪϴʦҲξҡӵĸߣԻһۣ빬Ĺҡ
˵գͳһذԼ۾Ҫȥ
ˡ
һٴһӴذס
ˣʵȻˣҲˡһⱲӾϲ˾ƲԳԳԷƣź˼ڶԷ
ǡñҪдŻȥٸһذףжŻ͵㲻ҪȥתתôԲԸɣ


58
һʱͻȻһ̵С
ߵٶȼ죬ҹԵùĪ⣬һòתذ׵ķתȥСߡ
ͨ
С߱һϣǵҺ䵽ϣ˲һƬ
ôһ΢΢üЩȡ
Ѿûܡ
ҵɻģȻˢӡһ߽񣬻û˿Դӹ͵е㱾¡
Ȥ
޵вǼį
СϲûУôӿҪôźã
Ȼʱܽɻȥߵǿ͸лоһ¡Ѿˣ˵һ첻лҲˡ
侲֮ʵҲûر
ӣлᶿҲһˡ
һʣµӳԵÿյֽʬһ㿪ĵĻȥˡ
Ҳǿֶ鰡
һΣ֪㻹ûһ㡣һб󷽵˦һ䣬ܿṦȥ
ʱб󷽵ĳ֦ϣɫ԰ףȷһ뿪֮ŸɷԼڴڵĴ
ˣ
߰æҲܳԶνȫĵطΣյĵطûмߣֱ˸֦ҶïĴ
û뵽ʹˣһҲ
ôֲһˣ
ֲһܹаɵѡ
ԺһҪߡΪУͬͲͷϵĺﰵĵ
лᶵķƻš
ܼѾ˺üΣϣлᶿϢлᶼҪȵһܼҲֻܶ̾Ϣ
ԭΪŮװԼСӵĺӣû뵽ȻһǻʵӲ˵ݻ񹬹
ܼҵ˲͵ڵأһƬƬġ
»Ȫ֮ǰлԼСӵĺô
У񹬹ǽ϶ģ񹬵ǰιˮ˵Լҹй֮ġСȴǹһ㣬һõĲ񻰡
ˣ벻Щ˵ʲô뷨ˡ
лȻǵĵġ
Ҳǽһһʧ֮󣬲ʶԼ֮ǰϷûݵλһˣһŻͻȻߡ
һ书ļƣлᶵǲʲôˣʲôһҲֻоͶķݶлᶵĵǣһԽԽȻһȥˡ
ʱشҪȥһ
ҩԡһξֹܲõġ
л룬ԼеˣϸҲʲô¡Ϊ˱ʾԼĳ⣬ȵһ˵á
ףлᶣ㻹û˯
˵ܲ٣ܲٵ
һϻʱѾˡû뵽ǣлᶾȻڷ
Ѳлᶳǧۣ֪ԼҪ͸ԹŲɣ
Щ˯ţڵ㡣лᶼһȵģҲԼԹԵӣЩԼ뷨
ǲһ̫Сˣ
һֻҪɢɢİˣ
ãһҪǹһҹʬòˡһϽԼʬĴӵлǰ֮ԻˣҪǲСһɻṦǿҪץסͻȻߣȻûˣҲ׷ˡ߶ԺǿӦûϲ
߿ҧ㣿лᶼæʵ
ôܣֱӱһˡһ˸ƣ쿴ܲã
л룬ȡһ˫˿֯ȻŴһݹֽӡ
һ˵ǿɼ߾Ƿ
лҪս˿һѾŵƣл˰ɣ
Լˡ
һû
лΪԼС۸еûڡ
뿴һɢɻ·ƽεˣǵøԼأôܻԼ
ˡлᶵͷתͷȥ顣
ףӦ൱ټıߣлᶼãصǿߵ죬˿ݣſ϶ߵѾʧܾˣô
ɱǿ󣬶ͷǳһҧˣѾȡͬģҲʮϿʧˡ
Ҳ֪һʲôЩǳһӶġ
Ǹɻųġһ˵
ûץˣлᶼʵ
ץˣôˣҲҪϢңԤУһټġһڵ
˺Σաлһ˵ûмǴӦһѰаɺĶؼǰڽеĵλ±񹬻ҪߡʱĽںͳ¿಻ԣ͢߹Ҳкˡǰʵ˳ӦģҸͶ𣬺ֻ˼ʮʱ򲻶Ͻ൳ŽɾǺҸȼ»Щаɼͷۡ
ôôû˵һü
ܻƻģܶҴ嶼ǵɣѧҲĲдؼ֮һˣǰʵҪ𣬹ǵļȫ٣̸ҲҪץһֹҸȼлᶿ˿һ˵
ʲôʱ飿һ
ûǴĻӦʮǰ
ǲ񹬴ʱˡһȻ
ӢۣǸΪ˶ԸȺӢҲ֪ж֮гɾһΰҵЩɣǸʱǰֵġ
Ŷ
ˡ
Ļbossһã
һ֮ǰ룬⽭Ĺ񵱷ɵɣȥֻʸɽׯҪû֣ú÷չһǱϧɽׯҪˡ
ζˣ
Ҿ˵ˣһ˵ôɵʱ϶ѾǱ꣬ʱ׼ˡһش˵ʶ֮Уˡ
һɲ˵ġ
ں㿪ЦӣһҲɻлͣṦߣҲδܹ׷߼ȻܹһȻֵܳڶ
лᶵɫ
еЩϼأ֪жôֲľ½ϾҪһȷѪˡ
ûϵֻҪúøҸҩԡͺˡһοʲôСҿֵһᡣֻҪǸҾܹȥ޻أ
֪ΪΣԭлᶵĻģһĻ֮̾ͱ
һô˵ˣһĵ
ʲôһǰҲǶְɣ
áлᶴӦţ˵ܹоĽҩ˵ҩԺϴó
ǸģŰɡһͷˣôˣҲϢˡ
ңǣлᶲΪԼˡ
Ȼˡһ޹Ŀл˵Ҫ㲻һͬϢĻҹ᰾ҹо߰ɡΪѣΪĽǣǾ˯ɡٸһӾǣѵߣǺô
ɡ㡭
ˣ˯һŴϣôһʵ
лɫǺ죬֪λػ
˵һ˫ԣôɣ֮ǰźһǸ˵˿
ԼԼڵĿӰ
лԥ䣬Ѿһֱ˴
ѾˣҪٲ˯Ҿֱӵ˯Ѩˣۣһ̬ǿӲ˵
һûϴ
δ䣬лѾһѨȴ˯Ѩ
ͱˣ˯ɡһĵĸлᶸϱӣлᶡ
лգգۣһֶ˵
һϱӣЦ

ҴģлᶽҪ۵
г𲻱һΪ
ʱһȣлᶾڣ·Ʈ
һҹûҺۡ
һʼΪѨҪһʱ⿪ԼѨʱ⿪Ѩ֮һѾֱӽֽżˡ
ǵģһˣ˯ܲʵ
֪˯Ǽ˯лҲֻʵʵĽһֽŸԼϸŲȥƽƽȵĸźá
Ȼһһǰצһ˹ˡ
лֻܼŲ
ܶʼ
һҹôˡ
лᶾãԼҩҹ˯Ҳôۡ
Ȼ˵Ҫһӿ֪޾ռ˼ұԼȴİãҲлˡ
ˣлһܵĵļ尾һܸϵĥһҹʵǲô
𴲺лᶴһ緹ʳ̾ˣ·һʲôˮһ㡣
һƵĳŶͺңлᶼҡ
л㻹ָԡ
˯һŴôʲô˵ġ
Ҫлִ֪ŮŮôҹģҪȥ
лᶸԼϴ˺üˮŬһԼԺ޳ſʼо
лǸר־ˣ״̬֮󣬺ܿ죬Щ¾ͺԵˡ
ӣСӷԸøġܼҴһѾԷƵǱõ鼮һ
лҪûʲô飬ֻýЩйص鼮ȫ˼ԭлҹĻлڽվȽŸ֮󣬾ͽǲ˻ȥ
ϸġһζЦЦתֽǱ鼮ӹ
ӣⱾѾʮ־ԶСġܼЩĵĶһ䡣
ģҲŪġһ϶
ȻⱾϼصĻǺ飬ֻǱл֮ǰ˵Ҫϸܶࡣ
Ȿϼأ˵Ĵʼƺǻʵ۵ĵܵܣһʼΪ췴Ÿġ˵´ЩͨҪѰҽҩֻȥЩĴ򱻷һҪɱһȵȡ
ѪֶΣһպյĺ
ãⷴζŨˡ
һĻмأУѧʦĲˣеĺˣ书ʦ֮ϣ
һѧʦôһߣҪȵҩԡȫ꣬пܳΪѧʦҲΪмһѧʦȻѧʦ֮ϣȻһȼô
ˮѧʦܹаԵû˸ڣһ书ҲЦȺۡڶʢʱڣսҲֲ˿Կˡ
һãַһ£ôҲóһѧʦǡҡΪ˱֤Լ²ѧʦڲС
һ뵽ͻȻʧˮ
书£ʲôˣˮϵµһǺˣҪûĻ϶ǲˮҵġ
ˮɲһԾɰжˣԷԼĵҲһ
ˣҪ˯ĸ߲㣬˵ʲôģô죿һͻȻ뵽ֿܣףʱҪΪ񹬵˫ţۣˬˣԽǷҲˣ
·
ǣ϶һʮֲҲˡ
һԼֻܺɱϵС˵ǻвģ·ЩƵǿԿŶߵķá
֮ԽǷ˼Խǲţ˵ȥԽǵӹ⻷뷨ġ
Ǹ滨ɲʱҪԼϢףѲ

һ̾˿
ôԼĲ²ǲģҲúòһˡ
Ҫ׷Ϣõַǻ͡
ŶǿĲɻ
ԭһҪһģ˭֪ģƫƫҪҧңƫƫ߱лᶸ˳أ
ϸŸ;ģһҪӶ
лᶾо˱֮ƣֽţ׼ҩ԰תһת顣
Ȼ߳ͱһסˡ
ùܼҸ͵飬ѾˡҪ˼Ҳˡһлᶿڣž˵һѣǸɻȷߣпǺ֪ˣҴģץ
ȵȣʲôҵģ
ֻϣԲҪңԲùܼ㰡
лĪ
֪һڶ̶ʱѾԼ׵ںˣ
һԻ·һҲû
ɻҸŮȻӦҪץġлֻܸɰͰ͵˵ôһ仰һҪץĻȥץɡ
ôҲòɻܸǰɡԣҪæһл˵
лֱЩԣתҪܡ
书ʵһĶ֡
ϺȥץɻҾõİ취ǵͶСһ޹Ŀлᶣϵٶȴһ㶼ɽׯׯ˾ͽ谮Сϣɽׯĵʧ٣вѰ䡣òˣµһҽлᶻҪ룬ܹǲɻ֪ҿܻڴ˴ҲԸƴһƴġ
ϾԽǸѶȵսЩ˾Խ˷ܡ
ɻ
ȥұˡлͼ
ɡһɭɭЦħҪһлᶡ
ŮװֶֻκΡһ㿪˸ӣԺҲܰˡ


59
ɻҲҪġ
ǲܲɵĻôͨЩɻʲôͺñЩҪȥ͵ֵǮĶЩϰ֮ҪΪµһһһ˿ʼ̲סҪȥ׷߸̼Ķ
Ҳˡ
Ҫʦԩкְܶ취ȴѡһɻȻҲʦӰԵʣĻΪԼϲôɡ
޼ɵĺͲͬ˽޼ɵǵʲôأ
ˣ֮ǰӢС˵Ҫȥ񹬿ˣһԡֻһ֮󣬻ΪԼС룬ѾҪ뷨ˡ

뵽;̲סָԼһơ
ˣǸŮˣǸˣҽлᶡΪûʲô뷨ʵں棬ʲôģܹΪһأ
ֻǣͲŴ˵һϢǾҽлᶣҲѾ񹬵ĳˣһϵǳ˵ֹϵ
²ԼˣŻȥлᶡ
ҲǸˣȥˡ
ôһ˿±ǻʹҪˡʵǽĽʰһô
˻飿ģҲ̫ûĸ˰ɡǴСĻԼ䲻㣿㣬ȨƣҼҷ֣ڵĳɾͣڳԵĴõĿɶҵļױ
ҶԲ㣬õĶҶỹģʲôԲҪֻϣܹ˻Լ⣬Ҳ˵ҵ⣬Բܵ˺
ΪʲôԸһҪ˻飿ŮӵĿǻʮԣҲݲ˵ģϲ˭ɸ檶ѣѡ
Բ𣬿С˵ˣںںǮƣֻҪһһһġҡҺлԼῴһۡ
ҵֳǸ꾫㲻Ǽһ棬ȻҲԻͷˣҵĴҲȥ鷳Ǻ꾫ãȥɱ
ûйϵӾŵ˵ֵκһΪκ¡òǽӶ㹻ƶֵˡ

ˡһСͷϵĺȥʰľͷûУȵǳˣҲͣˡ
С֣һӣСֵ
Ӵ͹٣ʲôԸС͵ӣ֪ԼǮʱˡ
С֣ӣƺ˾ռˡˣ֪ŵ֪ܲܺ˵˵ͽС̬ȺǳϿҡ
СҧһӣЦļۣӴ͹٣¿ʶˡ⸽ҲҶ¶ѹˣ˵أ
Ŷ
سǵĽ⣬иСľݣסһŮˡЩ˵ǸŮϵ·Ҳ˵Ǻ꾫ġÿȥ˶಻ʤûһֵܹġǸڸǵĸˣ⽼һլӣŽˮ¥̨ȵأ
ϵЦһ٣ϻˣУô
ǻͲСĻΪɻҲѾ˲ˡСұģĵġο˵ģʶ˵ǲȺˡ
Сطܳʲôˣ
ԭΪ֪ûˣһǵĸˣǿ¾ͲСˡ
ǧȷǮƭɣջȫǷֵ껹㽱ءСЩӼôߣкü书ǿ˴粽أҪǿҲǲеġ
Ŷ˵⣿
ʲôû֪ˣֻ֪ǰǰᵽġСͷҾͲ֪ˣ˵Ů˵ĻҶ˵ǸһŭΪأ
⣿ǰֵģ
СĻ̾һˡ
ǰɽׯһСˣ˵ǣֻҪ˶࿴һۣøΪ˵õŮӣɽׯֱӳɱɷ򡣲ɽׯһ죬ǸĵܵûӰˡ
˲ֱץ߽ݲؽˣҲ˵ȥɷֱɱѳˡ˵Ϲ켫̵Ľ켫̲ŻɽׯҪ˵
ѽ˵槼ˡ
ɣĴڸΪ̸ʵɽׯһЩķ顣
ȻҲ˵ҲЩûڣԼܹЩʱȥɽׯ˵ܹŮӵݡֻϧ䲻Ҳֻͽ̾Ϣˡ
ͻȻôСطϢʶľò̫ԡ
ѵҵ壿
ûżǰȥ˵СӣĴӿջ뿪
Ҫ֤һ
Сڻ뿪֮ɫ̱ˣ֪֪ͨͨĿ뿪ˣЩСҪϽų
ģѾ׼ˡ

ʹֵһǺ«̯ǰͣ
Ǹ̯ǰĸͯһڴĿǺ«
ķأԶԶǱֳ˵ȻҲһ߿һۣһѡСӵϢһӦң˿ҪԼԼף
Ҫ̽ϢֵЩҲǱģⲢ
ȥûЩСӿš
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лڽСľסš
ȻСľлᶵģȻһмٰģҲһӸһЩ֡
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ֻҪڷϢʱһʱ㣬˵Σʱʱڽݡ־硱ЩȺڱЩϢŲɡ
лֻҪ¶棬Ľ߱ӵֳɵȺݣǲҪǮġ
СӣȻҲһǰŵģΪһʧ
̫ˣǾСӲƭˡҲ룬ԼСʱѵûƭˣС˵ʵġһһ߸̾һŤͷ˿žױлᶣ֮̾ɫԽŨ
лᶣ̫ÿˣ
һ˵Ŀɰ㶼Υġ
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Ƿġ
ϣԼԱ˵ʱ򴿽ͬʥĸԼʱ˵ͬ.ŮǿһŮӶׯصʱȤȴϣԼӿԱӡ
˵ףǵòɧ.ˡ
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лһĻֻͷۡ
һɻҪץİ취ǣοһֱŮװӽƵǣҪϰ߰Ůװˡ
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Ҳݵİ취ȻˣҪҪŮװˡһսлᶣһĨЦʱ룬лŮӣȢ㣬ҵĺӣƺҲֵڴһ¡
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ˣŶȥŶȥСӱŵöˡ
ᣬ˵СӶʰˣЩ˵ʲôʱߣ
ҲһһӵģǶҹ

ЩȦתһȦжϸӺˡ
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˵ӿҪˡҲԣôΧţǲᣬˡ
Ѿų˸Լ׵Ŀܡ
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Сӳˣ
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С㲻Ҫ߰Ҽкöլӣס
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СԽڣԽֻ֤̫֮òҪƽҲܡ
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ʲôҲûз
СӣЩΪԴ׶Ĵ
ӣʲôϵûкǶ˵һ仰
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ҲɱʣȴҶһģѾˣ뿪ұҸȳңӴƹŷһҡҡͷžȻһΪò֮Ѿ̫Ŀ࣬ôȥˡ
ѾλҲȰɫһȥɣҹ
˵꣬ϳ΢΢һϹͷҲصתݡ
ͼƲæĳһơ
ƷϵɴȻֻаȴѾ㹻û͵

ʶǳˣ
ԭϣˣ֮£ǰʶЩˣǰǽŵ׵Ұݣûпɱԡ
лµһ˵ͷӦøϲŶԡ
ֲãֲɽׯɵͷΣϧֱɱ˶ޣǰϣûκ⡣
Ҳκþܾˡ
ͻعΧûһȥ뷨
Լܹôǰܹӵˣǲϻϣ㹻һԺˣ
̶ɲǣѾ˾
£ˡһȫ̽͵Ķ֪ѾʼϹˡ
˼ãʵڽʼδ
һлᶻݣһʱ˵뷨
ǺҲ֪ǲôҪӵкüѧʦĻֱӽлᶴͽȥ˵ӮΪɱأ
Ҳǲܰ
һãĿ൱֮
һòʵ£µлʵļƶ֪ȴܽԼòƷӵˡ
лʵûз֣ڰŮװʱչֳĶĵİж̬ȫֵƿ㶼һ֮¡
һΪǰףΪϢըʱѬչβı£лᶾǴˡ
ҪлŮװʵҲһĸ˽ڡ
Ӷ˷лĻһģлᶻζҲ
ķȣһֱлᶱֲƵȤ
ǸƵӣǻͰɡлȻҲȺǸΪ۵ӡ
лᶳƵʱлס˷صĳ嶯Ҳһڣ˸ܶԼʲôΣ
ͣǱĸᣬ书Ҳߡ
Σһûзϡ
ó书ܲҲһˮ׼ǿṦߣˣΪʲôܹô֮֮ززˡлᶿ϶
ֻףǺˣҡĺôңɻʲôΪ˸˺ӦҪװŶ԰ɡ
ΪʲôֻҪץúһȻҲˮʯˡһЦܲôʵ񹬶Ըˣرһ֡
лᶳĬ
ȥ֪ôԸ˵ġ
û´ĻҹͻᶯˡлᶣڣȺúϢϢϻһӲҪأ
Ҳ˯ţҿҽɡл˯ţŮװء
ðɡһҲǿ
Ҳ¡
ҹ֮һͼææһһлᶵǰ
ˣķ⣬һӣһ֦Ѿʼˡ
͵ɲСһĲɻСӣЩĽﻹס
ӣҿһʵӱȽϺ棬Ҳ֪浽дʲô
ӹӣڱǰš
ţл㣬ʲôŲ
ž˫ɫҹʱĳЯǰһˡ


60
дҲ߯ˡһȥĿ˺ü飬ţҲװơ
лѾһеġװơʲô˼ˣ˴˿̿һǺʵβŹװأ
ЯǰΪ̤¶ͱȽиоһش߽һˡΪ硯ҲС
лᶰһ˵ģϵĻһ飬ž˫ɫҹʱĳ̤¶硣
ȷǶ˼ֳĸо֪ĻΪǰѵġ
һȥɻ»Ȼ͸Ӽ֡лζĵ٩
ǰѾһ仨ôῴЩӹ֬׷ۣһ˼Ļش
컬ġ
л΢΢ͷټһˡ
һһܹ׵˵ɺڵģѻƤӶգģǲûˡ
ѾϹֻҪȾͺˡ
͵˵ʱ͵ȷʱš
ЩȻ书ڻﻹ㲻ʲô
Щ˲ͽɧŵЩǣӱͱӡ
С
һЩûа֪֮ΪƾԼһƤӾͿԺ嵽˵ɵӰˡ

ֻЩλ֮˵Ĳſɹͨ˵ģڳֵܼأ
ˣȻֻ䱸Ļװģ̾̾ȴϲġסܹòĵطԼﻹô˳Ǳ
ľݱͲ󣬻Եһһʱ䣬ȻûǱ˽ȥ
ľСȫ
ͽȥʱ򣬾ͷľİƵǴ£ҳһ޵
ӣˡðˡѾ˾ȵĺɸ̾СĴ󣬾Ȼ˯ţת룬ЩĸСӺܴĵɡ
طһ㣬ͻҪһ±͵תĿԣľ̫СˣСĻԽ˶
͸ȷСһ档
͹ȻִСӡ
Ϣʱûٴɴò΢ĵƹԵԽĶǡ
ͲԾķŵ˺
뷨ˣ
ҪȥԼļôһӿҲ⡣ȵʦĳˣԸһӹɽ֣Ҳ뽭
һֱΪԼ򻨴йƬݲմ̤뽭ڵʱȻ˲١ΪԼҪЩ˵֤Լһֶΰˣȴԭûõˡ
˯˶ô֪ʲôӣ֣ͼȥŮӵ
Ȼֲ쵽УͻȻסˡ
ţ
ô£
Ͱ˼⡣оԼͱѨһ㣬ɴȥľݿʼڣûʲô˳֡
ȵȡ
㣡
͵亹ʱ
ôᣬбܶ飬жӦûӦǡƺǲԼΪʲôһӾͻס
ΪǶûкǸ˯˵˲֪ʲôʱѾ
͵ɴ۾
㡭ô
ȻҲܺôŮӵ
ӳʼһֱһӻ͵֣Це˵ż첻ּˣ
˵꣬һ񹬵Ķַַס˻͵ѨһΡ
һ£;Ͳѷˡ
ͼһʱѾʮȷһжġһ֣Լôô⧲
ȥжױɡһûżʻͣתͷȥлᶡ
ģлᶵױЩˡ
лƮƮĿһһۣûȥ׷һ⽫֧˼ԹԵľȥжױˡ
㿴ĺΪ롣֧ĽôãȻϴӦһҫһѣû취ұϲҲΰ
͵ɫЩŤ
ԼΨһһĶֱιˡ
ˣǸ˵ˡһ⽫л֧ɲΪ˺ͻ˵Щеûģˮûйϵɣ
һ£ˮȻûйϵ
ǸĸҲǸʵˡһҡҡͷŻ͵Ȼᣬפʵ̫ˣһʮʱ򣬺ˮйһζݵĸ飬Ǿ鷳ˡ
һڻǲԼĵ
û취ĳλС˵Ӱ죬һִһʵĴʮ־衣˭֪ڶ;Ѿ磬ûпһĺ
⻱˺ɫˮ˵ʱҲǺƭ˵ģˮС⣬Ȼ֮ǰҲᶢлᶡ
ͿɲǵСᡣ
һָⷬȻԻ˼ά϶벻һѾֱӸ˸ˡȴһֿܡ
ˣȻɫȴҲϵġг֮ǲȥġҧгݵ
ҾͷˡʵһҲҪִɶĵƫƫˣɵĿԷǳߡ
һҴзǳߡ
лжױĶܿ졣
ȵл»һװ͵ӶҪ
㡭ѵлᶣ
ǰݷû̫仯ֻжױ·ѣ˵ĸоȫˡ
˵ĵһĿɰôлᶾһ̵֦
һۿȥԲὫлᶴΪŮӡ
ֶ̬˵Ӱ챾ʮ־޴
͵ԺУֻܳлһ֡
˷ϱһлᶾü
Ϊν˻ᷢĸ̾
˼Ҷ˵ҽлǳʥ˾ӣû뵽ȻҲð֮гƭ֮ϲиǷŭ
еһĶȻǸһˣ
ˣΪץ˲ƭġ
ǿԣڻͲֱѪˡ
ͷβǰ˸Ůװû㣬ҲûкҲֻǰ˯ѣôƭˣһЦ⻰˵ľ˼ǿŵ˼٣ץסҪ˼صǺˡĿڲţɻʵڿϧˣȥ״ʦ
Ȼͱ粵һֵ˻͵Ѩ
һﹷҲ²αأ
ƭҵĸ顣
ȻֵҵѨȻ飬ΪʲôҪҵѨ
֮ǰûȤԲŷߡǺܿϧҽȤŶ˵ˣǶųһߺܸȤҪ㻰ʶ࣬Ըϻش𣬾գ۾ǲϣͱգ
ţ
գˣǾǴӦˡһ׷Υŵˣϣ㲻Ҫϸһ󷢴ȱĸͽ⿪Ѩ
ʹӳô󣬶ûм޳֮ˣ
Բգ۾ԣ
ʲôߣҲżȻõġӲҪȥٸץˡ
ԴˡǴСģȻǰлᶿûôױŪǺĶ
۾һ˿СС𾪣Ȼû뵽лᶿ֡
ʲô
ӲˡһҲЩ鷳ǾƲԳԳԷƵģȿһ̸ָɡ
ײĲᡣ
ôҲɳô˽Զ̣ͼһɱ֣֪һ˵棬ҪȿԼһָ
񹬵ɣǿзġ˵ˣһɻͲҪ㽲ʲô塣ֻˣ˵ֻǿһָҽιҲ֪һƽ˵
͵ɫ̾Ͱ
һʲôת
ߣżȻʵڲҺһӲֻһ֣ߵʱɱһˣӺȡߵķʦĽ£ҲŷġĲ֪ʲô
˵ѡлֱӴ˻͵ĻԣߵʽҪ󼫸ߣһĶûа취ôõƷࡣȫµͷӹҲֻ߳ϰµġ
Ѿлᶼɵѡ
лô£
ߵʧˣԼҲĥġлôоű䣿
лҽ˵ǺˣǺǣҿǰɡʱҲ֪˵棬ɴƹˤĲлôòļúõҹӲҽҿпǺ˰ɡ
ǵǶԺһĹעصȻںϡ
Ѿǵһˡ
񹬵Ϣǲе̫ˣôʲôĶ޹أ
Ȼ񹬵ȷǵطƫƧһ㣬һ㣬ЩҲȷһ㡭

ðɡ
һһҲⲻܹ񹬡ֽأҲֻˮվڽ϶˵˲֪һԼ̳񹬹֮λܴˮһ
ˮʧ棬һֱԼɱˣʣµ񹬳ǣûмˮĸ֪ĻҲпԭ
Ȱ㻹ʵһ㡣飬֪˲ᳬʮһ͵ķѾɶҲһЩṦУṦɱ˵ġѾΣҲֻҡ
ţЩɻĿһһôܹе˵Ļģ
Ҫʦԩİɡһƶ˵۹⣬ѵô֮л˭ܹһ֮ĻǸ˾ֻҡ
𾪵ĿһƺĻͳǰԼҪС˿С
˳һĻϸ룬ͻᷢһ˵Ļġ
񹬹һܰĻͶ̥ǧٴΣδܹʦԩ
һô
ˡ
һѣ
ʦΪ֪˺飬Żᱻ׷ɱġˣҲѾûǿֿ˼ѡһѧṦʦԴġΪṦڽȻأûʧֹģʦҲԽܣһ֮ġ
ڳ֮ǰʦҪСӢۡһʼǽʦĻμʮСĽġɽϵĲݰʵ̫̫ˣôΣյ飬ͶƾԼĴṦӵɹĴ̫࣬ѾɥʧӦеľġ
޶żҲ˺ʦͬС
ʦ˵ˣϲһŮӣҪһͬɽ֡û뵽ŮиĳңʦţǴǸŮһͬܰˡ͵˲٣Ǻܿ죬дԳ˵ʦ˼ҵӳӡ
ӣڽʮֲܵ顣
ƫƫûܹ֤ǸŮӲӡ
Ϊνġɷ򡱣װУó˸֤ݣи֤ʲôģֱӽʦ
пԣʦֻȶѹŮӴؼң֮顣
ʦŮӰŮӲ˵ڣԭǺ˵ĸŮ΢ɲ̾˿ŮӰĽˣȴϲΪ˵ע⣬͵صһΪͿ˶࿴ۡΪ
ǸŮûгΪʦ
ΪǸŮҲϲʦֻǵѡֻϧʦȴΪһ
͵ģǲرͼɡȻû˵һѾ˳
ʲôأ
ǰһͺлһڱٿزرͼ֮µˣ϶һˣǡҲ·
رͼĶôܱһŮ͵ߣһһ·ôã󱻻͵ʦأ
ǲǸӰˡ
ҪŻʦ֣رͼϢųӣ
ʦĻ䣬ҪŮӷֿȴѾΪʱһģַһѴʦͳұߣǸʱѾˡ
˶Ϊʦ˵ʱʦȴһ͵컻գĽرͼ˳
ȻĴۣʦòܲð㺮䣬ֻܳȪԡ
˵ҪɱڵĻһҪ˵ԴȻ˼ҵǻһ㻨
ԣԭǲرͼӦʦعڽϵġû뵽ǣʦûرͼ͵ˣرͼϢֱӺ˼űųһѾ˳е·
˵ǺĳˣһʼرͼֳݣҪ費ֽͬǸųȥġ˭֪һݳһ⣬òıƻ
Ǽɵ͵ʦֻǱʲôԵʣرͼϢ˺ܾãʱȴŲˡ
ӦˡƺҲҲʲôĿˣһֱ׷ϢƺȡǰĽѵжת˰һƵµģûа취̽Ϣʧ֮£ҲŻὫĿЩϡֻкЩһʱҲŻ᲻ôķ
ŬĸԼҽڣҸҶ췢ģҴûǿȹŮǲ飬һֱԸġ
ŮӣԸ񵥴Ǳƭǿжأһûôƭɣһᣬ˳񹬡Ժ񹬵飬ϲ飬ǻ̡
񹬣
ȻȺ£
ͼסˡ
˵һһֶӦ֪ڶԱ˵ûжټֵԸ㣬ҲǼṦмֿȡ֮ԸһްˡңҲǿʦֻǼ񹬰ˡ
Ը⣡ɵ˲Ż᲻Ը⣬ϣܵһݣ
ڱԴȫûпԱߵлѾĵŤͷ


61
ͣ˲١
Ѿָ糣ɵ˵Ƕʱļ䣬ٻǼǵġ
ͣǵãɽׯһЩλȽϸߵĹ»˾ͽҵЩǣʱ͵͵ĳһɫҩƿСҩ衣ҩ迴źǶЩƣķͣȥҪһͨЦ
ɵӣҲͳ׳ʱЩŮˡ㲻ˣȻͻŹ㡣ֱҩǣ˭øأ
ЦͣѾ֪ȥ
ڵķͣң輸ԼǮˡ
Ϊİ񹬵˻ǺܰϧġһҪû˿Ǻãˣ϶ӵ񹬵ܹ˯ͣʱ򣬼Աң裬ʱԸͷֻͣǱӴ죬Ҳǿ
˿ɲŮˣڷ/ϿɴĺܣҪúúǻСǣҹҹҲ
˵񹬵ĳЩ˵Ƶ˼伫ˡɶڷͣ˵ֶֻΰˡ
ڣҲܿͽˡ
лջûóȻѡָ֮ɵ书Ҫǻָ֮ǻ񹬵ĸһһž
Ҫָ书ҪԱС
лǰڼʱľ䡣룬ԼǮԺסҵͽõܣֻҪԺ֣Ȼһ竹Ӿˡڣʵȴɳϲ䡣
ΪǺʥ飬Ҳй涨ڵרʱ򣬳ǹȻǲȥŵġ
л۵ʲֻǱô꣬ҪͷһѶȵġںŵǸ书ǿģʼѣһ۾ϳл۵ݣ˽ָ١
лдˡ
ŵմµ󲻾þͱյ񹬣үү켫̵ĸ֮Դ䣬ºŵڡ硱ûжʶŮ֮Ҳʮ¶
ˣ񹬵ŵܵĺ谭ǽлĬĬ˼ǲԼ̫СˣôԼСĵܵܶ磿
лᶶϵĵܻܵǺĵģû¾ͻдŻҲǽ̵ŵ񹬵
ŵǮлҲȱǮҪ޶ȵúҲܼ򵥣Ǯˡ
Ůϲõ֬ˮۣǲʱ͵ˮ˶ԺŵġᡱŵܿջЩǵꡣ
л˵ʲôˣлҲ֪лᶶԺŵʮֿأȻҲʱʱдŹ˶Ҫֺлᶣ˭ΪδķˣлҲ⡣
˵ʱŷͣ뿪ȥϸˡ
ôлԴϲͷͣϵŷͣòԼ壬ԼҲʮֵԼλֵܡ񹬵Ůһ̫ˣôȥ²ʮͣҪײ˰
ͬΪˣĿ࣬л۾Լܸͬܡ
⣬绹˵һιһõİ˵ϴĸĻչչˡǶԷֲ˼񣬾ͽҲҪܡŵԼе㿴лᶱϾǸӣдŵʱǲֱ̫׵Եġ
лԸµ˵
õġŵҲܿͽŸ˹ȥ
лǺεˣǰԵ竵ʱ򣬺ŵүүΪأһ۾Ϳлᶻδ˼
²ʲô˰л˵ڣǼ֮أ
лۻȻ֪ԼѾһࡣ
Ȼл϶ô˵ˣֵͲҪˡлҲϣ˹ߺŵ⡣ŵʦָܹԼΣĹԼտޡǻһ˲˺ŵڣԼʲôʱ޳ɾ书
л۴Ӻŵ뿪֮̾ͽϢ˷ͣ
ͣһ٣Ҳֳһϲɫܳˣ
лϵôдġлۿ϶߶ŮӣȻ񹬵ӰǿǶ̫ˡҪȥһЩصĻ϶Ӹӷ㡣磬ֻҪùʶҪǱ鶼Ҫ򵥵Ķࡣ
ͣһҲ¡
ϾǼ򵥵ֱӽɽׯ¶ǵˣ
֪ͣԼ˼졣
Щǰҷͣ񹬵ӣͻȻַͣķ̬õģҲʦʦ˵һǸ޸ľż
ڷͣлεĿУͲ١
һֱô˵µ˹һ񹬶ռ߷֣ڻʹʣµһ˷֡
ôͷڣͶȻĶѡ
֮ǰƽһĶĶȻŮװ֮лᶣ͸ûżˡ
лŮӣһƴҲԸⲫһ˷ĵġлƫƫǸˣǸ׵׵ֻϲŮˡ
ҲܵģھлӰ֮Լ˻᲻Ҳпʱܹǰȥ˻۵񹬣Ȼǧá
һֱ˵书Ͷѧ
书ˣӣпɽ
Ŀǲ
Ϊ˸񹬵Ǻõӡ󣬻ľͿʼԼ磬֮ǰлһЩյķӣԼøӿһЩ
Ůвεأ
˵лҲǸˣķͬЩҩҲҪֵǮȻһǮԼľ͸ԼˣûͻЩ㷲
ϾǲرͼԼɻûнȥء
˵Ŀǰһݲرͼʱرͼʱڻϴš
;ø˼ˡ
ĶԲرͼûȤС֮ˡ
ôһ󣬵ȵ͵񹬵ʱ򣬵Ⱥŵ񹬵ǶЩͷˡ
˵µס̨ǵͨŵʱжϲġ
ס̨˼Ҳ˵˯ʦǲøǮģ
ģ̨շ̫ˣһ¾ôӣҪĺѰȻ˸ѵģǹôġ
ҲнǾЩ֪޺ûⲻҪǮˣǲǲ̫ð
ɲô˵ЩֵˣȻһЩȫеġɹģЩô
һ룬ҲԣǶҪԹİ
ˣʹ֮󣬿ľһ绨Ц̡
죡
ʲôɾ
ԭɳ֮Уޣ֮УôŮԼ
͵۾Ҫˡ
ȻЩŮɫ϶ȲŮװлᶣлᶱϾǸˣֻһȴǸֿʽֱָã
ŬЩ񹬵ӵʱ񹬵Ҳ
Ȼۣ۵һ㶼ȽϲУǻϲ׳ġ
źɣӦǸ֣һҲûϵкܶҩģҲкܶ๦ˡ
Ҳǲģװ׾ģŵҲм
λʦ㡣ͽԼαװĺǴûʲô֪ܶ཭Ůһס
ϧ񹬵ŮӼ˳ضһǸͲ
˺ŮҲãŮƭҲգ˵˵ȥôףûʲôʵģʱ䣬ֱڴϹһ֪⵽ǲˣ
񹬵ĵһ죬Ÿոճͱһʦŵ˸׼õķ䡣
䵽ˣλĵƯʦȴûżߡ
ҲǸˣȻλʦ˼
¶ˮԵȻԸһΡ
˸ɲһ𣬺ܿͽ
ļ񹬵Ӱһֻۣܸ̾Լ̫
ʦٶҲδ̫ˣһھôԵˡ
ˣʦ֮ǰŷͣС꣬ͻȻͣҪˣɲżôˣȻٽȥԺˣҲǵһأ
˵ǲ
أʦҲܺ

˼սͱŻеŮӣҲ㡣
ǰõŮȻҲԸģϾЩ߷Ųǲ̫ܹˡû뵽񹬣̾˴ϵ̬
Щˡ
ʦ㣬ʦһ֪ķ;ԼԺλʦౣֱϵ˵ԺܶΡ
ʮʮʦˡʦһƿͣԼϵӡӣЩϲԼ̫ĺۼ̨Ҳ֪һ㣬ٻ˺ǡ
ǵʦܲҪǮֳէҲƽˡ
ʦ㣬Ҫȥһ˯֮ʦͺڣҪȥ״˰ɣǰҲû
ҵȻǻԼķ䡣ʮʦٶȴ·ʱ䲻ˣһҪȥϢһӣ
ɡ
ǲܶռġʮʦ׻͵ĶͷʦǻأҿɲôԵ㼼Ժлᣬʱҡ

ЩãȻ
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ʷ˫Ҳɵˡ
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ӵȥǣˣջĿ˶Ͷأ

ԶһСջƹſڱǣԸ׳һϵ˸ߡ
ΧİҲǷ׷סڱǣƹģô˶ð
ûأʣһˡƹҲΣ֮ǰסʱҲһж㣬ϵֿӣסˡ˭֪ԽԽҲȫˣ˵涾ûˡǷҷǮأ
ƹԾլʺ񣬲æ˴򣬻˸ϯʬҰҲʵźˣôȥջҪˡ
ˣ͸лᶵˣһ۾һָǸ˵ȥɣǸ˸

ʷ˫ᡣ
ҵĹιĻʧȥлϵģ


63
һʷ˫˵ǽֳֻ࣬ʣһ˸˻ȥ
;·ʱΪ˳ŲסǰˣһһЩס
ⲻ䲻֪һһ
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ȻᡣһҶ췢ģﻹҵһлŶܹôһҽƯ˽ҽߣҽҪǮܸ׬Ǯֺĺô

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ΪļһﲻǱˣѡеİæշɽׯϯӡ
ϯҲһ֮ǰɽׯϻȦȦ֮һĸ˫һŮΪԴס
ɽׯûа֮ǰд˵ɽׯС㿴ϯӣҪ޸ءڷͣûбɵ֮ǰͣϯҲɽׯ˾ͽҳΪϡ
ͣѾ˳񹬣ʣһϯҲ֪ƣˬľͶ񹬡£ɽׯںܶӶϯհ֮£Щɷˣûϯôܴˡ
ѩأϯȻʮֿء
ôˣʲôôѩ濴
ϯӿѩһĥĥʦ㣬мգиᣬЩûôϢ鴦ĲˣʱŲ֪ʦҪҪһȥǸᣬҲһӵࡣ
û񹬵˲֣ϯӾͿĺɽׯСһˡֻǵȵʶ񹬵ǿ󣬼ʶѩ书֪֮ԭϻôŮӣ
ҪΪ֮ͷϵĶ󰡣
ֻϯҲ֪ѩĹҲ֪񹬵Ĺ棬ҪȢ񹬵ӵиֿġϯȴ£ڶҲ񹬵ˣеշɽׯͣôҲǲǡ
ѩ΢΢üϯӵĻûж뷨
Ϊ񹬵Ĵʦ㣬ĽŮв١
ϯʲô뷨һ۾Ϳĳ
ҲǲСϯʲô뷨û˵ѩҲֱӾܾȻԵԼһɽׯûн֮ǰǺϯӹϵֽˣ¶ԹĴ²
Ȼˣһϡ
ȵɽׯˣϯӳ˵С
ѩ첻Լñʲôԣ񹬵ĵˡ⽭֮УŮ˸µĶȥˣҲѧѡ
˵ˣҲûйƭǴװͿѡ
ԸģҲû˵ԡ
õģҵʱӴʦ㡣ϯѩĿ϶شϲʤҲҶѩ죬ĵľˡ
˰ѩ΢΢ǣϯΪм
ʲҲܴ˵˳˳ˮֻߵЩŮˣʵ̫Щ
ϯӵƭЩŮ˸飬ֻǲ֪ôܾŮ˵ĺѡѩûмǴĻԴ˾ͽʧƣ˾ͽҺܶŮӣΪ书զأϰ˽ʳӣ׷ҪԼҸɽ
ϯӾǱǿеѡ֮һ
ѩǵѡÿɷ
кܶŮӶӿͷȴ£һӾ֪Χ˴ת֪ʵҲԻĺܺáȥֹǣǿʳǷҪ㡣
˵ͨˣȻ
˵ͨģôҲ˵ͨ
¿Ůôֺ࣬αΪֽʳȴָ˵ͨŮ˷ʱ䣿
ǲ֪ʱȥʱԼϯܹٸˡ
ѩܿͽԺЩú书˵ˣܿͻдӣúúŬܸϹĲأ
һлǵɽׯؽ磬ûżɽׯڣһլʱ
ϴȥɽׯһˣɽׯѾˣȥ»˿ʵǾڸţѩǡ
ҿɽׯ£඼ԸͶ񹬡ɵķֵЩˣ粻סģʷ˫̽ϢߴߴģԵÿޱȡ
񹬾ȻӢ䡣
ôõЧǴͷβǷϯλ͸ɽׯ˸Ͳеı仯෴Щɣ˵ŷ֣ʵϹİԼɵĵӣûƵıȱȽǡ
ôһԽԵϯߵĺá
֪Ķˡ
֮еѡһԴ˲ȣƵʷнպ«ưˡ
˴ǱҲһˡʷ˫ںҵǸ˵¹شҪģǱʦ˻ȥ
˵ʷ˫ЩҰ
չķԸ͹ƽżǿƣҲû̸ʲôŮ˽飬ƽɵʦʦãʷ˫İô
ţƽһġ
һιϢ͸¶ƽҲҪƽܲΪסܣʵǣˡ͹ƽĸԣҪסܣҲЩϺǵĶ֡
ôˣһʷ˫ϵĲãЦʡ
ֻ˴ʵ̫Щʷ˫Һûк˵һЩҪ飬ȻǶҪʦ׻ߣ
ôôϲһɾúЦΪֱĸ֣ĳǶ˵͵ͬױƭ
Ҫĳһˣʷ˫ֻɵﻹῴأ
ֻױԼȻͬ
ʷ˫һôһ˵ʱûлԻˡ
ǹأʷ˫̲סʵΪлϺҲǽȻͬĸԣŻϲлô
⻰˹ѯʳһҪŬ͸˵лᶶЩסˡ
лҲǲ񹬵˽¶οһ֮Ĺϵģֻ;Σʱ֮ûа취塣
ʷ˫ĵ˵ʳĸоǲһġ
лᶲ͵͵ĿһۣЩִһ㲻ײССڴ
˵ģͺǲ߰ͷС¹һһ·ĺֱײ
ҲҪ֪һôģ
һʷ˫лͬʱĿ⣬ԭ׻شĻ̱סôҲ˵ˡ
ݣӦôش𰡣
Ҫһش𲻺ãҪȥҼ涾˹лˡ
ô˸
ͻСȻ޷⡣һֻתƻ⣬͹ƽ֮䣬ܹлȣл˳֪˶顣͹ƽǱһתȦˣȫһ
˴ҲǾ˺ܶġʷ˫
˫ʦãôһ˵ƽѩϴЦݣܿʹⷭ˽
лϡ
ö񡣡һڰ֣Һл·߾һˣǡһ˳㿴ɽׯôˣ
빬ģһжյСѩ϶
ţԽԽҪСģ»һЩڰҪʹӡɽׯҲͦΣǲ֪˻᲻ڴ
ϧ֪µʱЩˣûüŲ顣
ѩǷĵģ򣬾ǺˣӦҲֵܵ֡
ףⲻ滨ɲǸôѩŲлƵǸϣ˵ô
ţ
һл˶סˡ
׵ĺͷһָ˵ѩ쵽ôϳģ


64
¹ѩ쵽ôϳģȻ˵滨ɲһˡ
ɽׯһ𣬴滨ɲﻹλȨأû뵽ټԷȴѾģ
ˣܻ쵽·ˡаˣҪһվ͸ϼѡ
л΢ɲ̾˿Ȼ޵Ŀһһۡ
ʵҲЩġ
һڽϲȨơ书ﵽ˶ûܹһֱߵλĸǣǳ֮ϵľ֮Ҳǲܵġһһаļ˷ĵ˪Խһ˱Ʒ裡
ҲлǰֲԸκһɵԭ
Ϊǽǳֻ͢ҪһԹ̶ͻ᲻ɱĲͷЩлҪĶ
Ѿѡ񹬣ЩҪӣӲˡ
ģҲӡһ㣬ҲԲ³һͻȻʱתͷ·Ϭһ㣬лᶵ۾˼ᶨͺһóǿҹ飬ȻûôȴԶҲϨ
һǴɵأ
ڶϤһϣʱֵļЩϺ꣬ʱȴԵޱȡ
˵һ˵Ϊʽ͡ǷֲġҲΪʲô˼ҳЩųĺСҷ緶һΪַ緶ǴСͼѧĶչֳѡ
һ걻ﲻ̤벽ȴԳ˶ľͲǡԶŮ֮ĸ׿̸ԹԼص飬Եüֳٶۡ
¹ʡ뾫Ȼͬںһ𣬾ͱǰһ޶ȴ׽Ų۵һ
лֻóĬ
֪ԼʱӦ˵ʲôҲ֪ӦηӦĳЩϾ˼ǰ־УûκεӦ
ȻʶǾչ˰ɡһѩһᣬҲǸһᡣ
ϴͷˣһֱǼ쿴ѩҲǸе㲻һĸоӢѣȣҲǸCP
ȻĻΪѩϳлѹûг
ȣԲУѩ̫ˡ
ҲչšѩȻǶһƴӣֻȷʵҲչˡΪ񹬵Ĵʦ㣬ѩǰǱ񹬵һιġҪչˣǱչòá
ѧѧһȻ˵죬Ҫ϶Ҫѧչ˺ԼҲչ˺ñ˵ġһ죬ҴѲɻҪչô
ѩһ࣬նģ˾ͽչˡ
ţлᶻƵģİɡ滨ɲһкܶҪأ
滨ɲǽɱ֯֯Ҫûе㾪춯صܣɾͶԲ趨ˡУǵڶݲرͼѾ滨ɲУΪˣҲܺͲرͼϵϵ
֮ʣ޹ȣ²ϸչˣ⵫Ǹˣ͵öѩصġ
գ˼ƣ
һֱҪԼơ
˵֮һʹ˸ɫлᶺʷ˫ˡ
ˣл֮ǰ˵ҩܹһ㡣һġѵ
ѩᶨĵͷģһúչ
һοĿѩ졣
Ůɰ
ѩҲǸ˰
һҡͷԵĽлᶺʷ˫漴ֿʷ˫˵ҲҪӰѾúýƽѵ֡ڱģʦʲôģܽҾˡ
лһŵʷ˫̾ѹ֮ǰЩġ
ûʲôԼҹġ
лᶣҲһһлᶵļ˵ҪԺڸʲô⣬Ҳǰҡ
Ҳˣ¾ͲһĴˡлᶷʵȷ㵽ʱĻΪҳıߣǸڱﵷô

ǲǿ϶ô
㶼ҪΪ뿪ңѵЦеףǰúϣ
룡
һ񽥽лᶣ㻹ҽɡҪӣǵԸæ
ȻлҪǿԲ̸õˡ
ǾһϰɣֻҪڣлᶸõԺġ
̸ʲôõģ磬ΪԹŮĹ»ôлݣҹǽҽʲôģһǷµ
ҪǺһרĸҵлᶸ㿪һԸɵйģ
лЦһƵĿһһۣµ˵ʱ飬ʱ˵ǡ
ţ
һЩã
Ѳɣлϲˣ
ɶлᶾԼƤӵ£ĸıӵ˸ǽǣ²ǻˡ
ǸͰɡ
һ뵽ǸһӦ÷ϵĲ˲ǡ
ʷ˫Աţ亹ˡ
ʲôлϾȻ̸飿ǵĿƺҪþۺɢʲôЦҪǺþۺɢˣ񹬵ٹʲôʱܳ
ʱʷ˫Ի·һһ
ĸһԱ˳ŵģ񹬵лϣ
ѩһҹ
滨ɲɱ֣޸ĸģȻҲûʲô֣ҲҪ֡˵滨ɲÿһٸСӷһֻܹ֡мʮ⼸ʮˣҪͼɱֿʼʸߡһ㵽ܹΪɱֵģһ
滨ɲӵɱ֣ӵһΪ֡
ŵͽ
һˣ滨ɲľͻȻϵкۼʧӰ١
ɱ֣Ҳһ˶õҵˡǵ·֮ˣǲ·ġɱɱĶˣЩɱԼҲɲˡ
ѩĵĿԽܹ񹬣ܹӵйرˡô˵ҲΪ滨ɲѪû˹ܣҪǻ񹬣ֻʣһҪķƱҲ϶ǡ

̫ˡ
չչˡ
ԴӶ֮һֱԺġ
ܹоԼǱʲô˸ˣҲһֱĶߴߴ˵ʲôȴ֪ʲô˾ֻʲôͼ
ҡ
ô˵滨ɲã滨ɲϾҲЩ¶һڷԡΪ˻˳˵ʱзοֻɱˣһֱãԼ滨ɲҲûʲôãʹ˾Ǯ˳ҲǲԹͨ˵Ӧ˵һֱͨ˵
û뵽һת۳ɿա
񣬱Ҫһˡ
ȻˣΪʲô۾ѩ𣬡л˵ѣһֱڿ㡣
ΪԼΡ
Լ˿ԼĳңҪԼģҲп滨ɲĳɱ֣Ψûѩ졣
˵ѩ˸ܹġ
һ˲伸ֲۡ
ǲⳡǲǾͲѣ
ѵɵˣѩûô뷨ֻǵΪ˻۾Ҫô˻Ҫô۾Ϲˡ
ѩҲ̫չˣӡɵˣƺǿԹһˮѵġ
ȵȡѩȻ֪ˮô󣬵ȥͳ˵һˡûлˮбҲа
ߡһѩ׼ʶľס䣬漴۾
ǰŮӣĵȷȷǵΪ֮ĶҰĽѵˡ
崫ʹҲڸⲻΣʵġ
ԭү⣬Ҳһ֮ô
һȥԺʧˡ
Ҳ֪ôģһ۾֮ǰл˵Ļ
лһϲ˵ѣԵûشĳʱζ⡣
ʱ鵽ʱ˵
仰˼ǣлѾϲˣֻǲ֪ʲôʱ˵ѡ
һɫԾ
Ѿˡ
лᶿ϶ˣ
˵õһһߣȴȳ˹
ˣǡ
ô˶ҪƫƫϲģȻǼһҰô
С
һ
˯š
취֪лᶿϵĵ˭УһлᶿϵǸ˼ϲģֻǸʲôĿô죿
·ﶼ֡ҽľˣһǡȻƭƭĵĹ¡
Ϥˣл̤ϲ·ɣ
ҲᣬлÿӣŪҩԡʲôģʵʵĺôҪлᶱˣԺЩɾͶûˡ
ɾԲа
һץץԴЩ
лҪ񹬵ӣĸֱӽ˲ɢҲˡЦ¾ûɢ£
лᶲһͨӣҪǱƼˣ˵лᶾֱΪˣʱһŽ
ⲻְ
һ룬ǽʷ˫˹
ģһѡ
ȥôô֣
һĬĬ²ۡ
ʷ˫ɶҲʣɶҲ룬ֻĬĬĶԼҹͳ֮İôǸ㲻ġ
ҪҪһˣҪͱˣôȽϺãһֱӵ㣬ġ
ҪǸ֪ĺ꾫ｫлᶸĺ꾫ٺãҲվǹ̡ܹһѾˣִѧЧҲ£лᶻء

ңҵһѡһš
ðɣѡ
Ѳй
ʷ˫ŲءǹлᶳϸëôҲǣƹһ·ɵʲô£ҪôȥĽлϳԴףҪôлŮװһ˼ƣҪôһֻʣһ˸лϵ
ƽôһɢùƽȥˡ
ڲʶԣҲġ
Ҫһˣ򵥵ģȻͶˡʷ˫СĿһһ˵
ѵһֱͶãһЦһϲҶǵ
ղŲ˵ǡһѡô
룬Ͷ÷棬ֵ̫һˡʷ˫ֱҪ¡ֱ˼лƢ۸˼Ұ
Ҳ룬лзֺ죬˼ѹûùǮͷβԹģ͸ˣ˸ɶ
ǰ£ԼƻʲôͳͳûС
˵иᡣʷ˫ѩ˵ģҲѿԼ˳ȥһ䡣ӣҲҪġǽŮױһЩСϸڴˡ
ƣ᣿ǲе̫ˣһò̫ԣֻҪѵİֲҪ׷лᶡ
лѾﾪŵĹˣαظлӷգ
ôأͨˣҲҪİʷ˫˵ܶˣһȥ棬ɷɵġ
˵ҲеһͷȥɽׯǱߣеȻҪ㣬Ҫġ
һڶ̶˲䣬Ѿһ
Ҫֵ֪лƣҪаˣ
ڡ
ѾЩˡ
ܵлۺͺŵĵطƺҪǰæϧΪʱ
֮ǰͻҡѾ˳ȥ
һҪǮ԰סΣˣˣµӵĶĲҪҪģ˵Ҫˣ˵ɾܲɵô
еĻͶԷ
ٲãͶң衣
ûµĻҪڴϱԹúõȥǵһξһѪĻֻҪס/䲻Ϳˣ
񹬵Щܼ򵥡
Ľ˯ˣҲҪ˯
Ȼʱһԡʱ˭˭˭˵˻Сʦܣ˷Լ岻ȥöඪˣ
ǲҲУҲϡ
ֵܣҲ㣬ҵʱѾȰˡлЩĵĿŻͣҲóȻְȻʱ˵Ҫһˡ
˵ףҲǻʵʡ
Ҳˣһζûˡ;Ͳûил۸ˣһĴΣ˭ܳԵڿǣ;ŮˣҲȫû뷨ˡֵܣһȾҰ
Բûа취лҲΡ
Ǯôŵʵǿ̲סʵ
ôҵһ㡣ͼŵæ˵ҴŲӹѾҵȫˡ
û취ɻҲûʲôҵƽʱǮ˻鱦κ˿Ҳǳе飬ܹôǮѾܲˡ
ӣȥ̨Ҳ뼸ӹ㶥һŵһһ۵˵֮ǰ˵еͨġ
ԭǵĺŵһﱻ񹬵ʦʦǸˣŸŵ⡣
ϾŵӣԼƽʵײˡ
ֻǺŵǡˣлᶵĵܵܣ񹬵ӲŲɵȥأȻҪԸľһˡ
Ȼ취۾һ̫ˣȥǮǰȶһ
͵õһ֮Ч⣬Ͻȥȥˡ
ܳż찡̨ļ۸лۿġҪһˣ񹬵Ҳ⡣
ִʲôİ취ôŵʵ
İ취ͺܺãûǮֻԼ׬ǮˡлҪа취ڶһָжװô
û뵽һɻȻ䵽ҪԼǮԼϴĵزˡ
񹬣ǿֲ˹


65
аֵĻƣ
ⲻǿԵΪûгء
ôֱʣ񹬵Ĺ
һֵĻƣҪٽòСʷ˫ԾԾԣǹΣԸһԡ
ôˣ鷳ľڹϢȻܹлһϲ
⽭ϣܹӵеʵࡣ󲿷ֵİɣһȻһԵǰ壬ȫû·ԡ
ҲΪˣЩ˲ŻᱻЦΪں֮ڡ
񹬵ˣĶȥˡʷ˫СĸףǱ̳ģȻûʲôֵܹĵطһιΣһҪúñֲУ
Ϣô
һ߾ȫйʧ
ʷ˫û˵ʲôFLAG֮ԣһǿ֣Ȼˣ¾ͽɡ
ʱһҪлᶺúֻ֪֪һлᶱѡЩݲݣ鰮Щ̡
Щ˸Ͳϲлᶣֻ̰ͼлɫˡ
Ͳͬ
ȫǽл˵ѵġ
ԾԼѾվ˵Ƹߵ㣬һǷеһʯͷ
棬һλȥӦǿ˯һȾˣ
лᶷҹģһĵƻû
ķһĶ棬ֻҪƿܿ
лסȥĳ嶯
Լ̫Ծ
Ҳʵܹлᶡ
лᶴСĳɫߵЩˣŲ˵ڴ˼лᶵλߣ˴лᶼ¿ʼǻкܶСѣź档ֻҪĳ˶˵һ仰Ǹ˵ڶͻᱻΪ۸Ķ
ܶʱлãЩʵŶԡ
ֻΪлҵλ߳ǲŲòǰֺԼȻΪʲôÿԼĳСкø֮ǸСͻͻȻʼܿأ
лҲΪ˿ǰȥͶ׵ĻǲǶң̫Ƕۿң
׵Ļůȴûнлᶵ֮ԷС
ҵĶлҵϵֺֻķݣ˭㣿ǲҿ㣬ΪԼݳªֱܹأ
ǲὫͯ˼̫ء
Ϊں˵Щ鲻ͻᱻøɸɾ
лȴֻɾˡ
ʱգɼǵǸʱԼͰա
ԶˣǸС鿴֮ʶ˵Ǽ
ľ룬ôҲС˵ġ
ȵԴлѾġһĻ˵ѾΪһ߳ġˮʦƫеĶԴߵÿһˣǺгദ
лᶵĳ󣬷ҲԽࡣ
ΪԼֻڹһ䣬ͻŮѹԼĴҲֻǸβιҩѣ˾˻Լ˵ꣻӲԼȥθͻ˻Ϊ࿴ˮС
ǿлô
һлͷأ
ô겻壬鰮أ޷Ǽɫ⣬Ҹжˡ
лᶸɴ಻پڴˣǽĶͶ뵽ҽС
ˣࡣ
ֻлû뵽뷨񽥽һˡ
һһӣԭҽȫռݵĺ񱻴һӡ
ǻᵣһ᲻⣬ᵣһ᲻ˣʼֻΪ˫塱̫Ŷһչмӣϰ߳Ȼ˺һģлᶻǻ̲סȥעһһһ
еˡ
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һĴƺһ¡
лᶵעԾתơôˣһѵʲôҪô
ǲԼʱ˵Щ̫ԣһֺۼˣ
лᶽס죬ϵ֣̿ȴִһȻ
ıһ֣Ҳûʲôá
ͷǻܺǰһ޹˼ɵһ̸˵أһӵ֪
Ľ֣򸴺أ
ѩãȵʵھó˯ȥ֮ܳʷ˫
˵ģĴһֵĻ͸лϣѩ쾪ȣʵӡ־׵飬Ψûôֺùһˣûиַ绨ѩµ顣
лϱ²̶ʱھȻԽԳʵ
ʦ㣬ҪһֵĻƲѡòлϷ֣¾Щ鷳ˡʷ˫ãֻлһѵġ
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ʷ˫ԭӦòѣŹһôȻȵĿʼµʱ򣬾ⲻɵˡ
񡭡ô԰
£ȷ鷳ѩҲеѴȻǾ͵ûΪܡ
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ףʷ˫㶣ʦ㣬˼˵Ǵڻϸлϸףɡ
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ѩ쿴л֮䣬Ծ󰮡
񹬵Ҳ
ЩοĵӣǻЩǿرһЩǹ񹬣ȴϲˣ̨Щˣ˳Ҳǿ۵ġ
Ҳ˵лϿܾǹĵһˡ
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룬ڴĮǿ֮£͵Ļƣƹҡҷɢڰۣܲ
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ʷ˫ԽԼļϵشҪǸˣǵԾֲԹĿǷ
ģ²£Ҳ񹬵Ĵ£ҿ϶߾ȫ㡣ѩᶨƣͷɸ봫飬ɽׯ񹬵ȫæҪһιĸľƾ
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Ϊһεᣬǲ񹬵ȫɽׯˣͬʱ˴
˾ٶʱɽׯˣЩɽׯĿ
ǱɽׯģȥЩ֮⣬ҲваɣԼЩͼˮڡ
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ͬģڲʳɽׯʱֳҲͬЩľ
ԭΪЩŮ˵ƭֻ֪ˣ˭֪ǶȴǸ䡣
üεƶɻⲻ˵ɽׯЩ˶ʼͶɽׯˡ
֮⣬ӽ˼ɵľչֳĲƸˡ
߽ģûаûаȫеġ֮䣬ҲзֵȼġʮһѵĽһһѵĽͼͶȿȫ¡
ĵӼ˾ʮһѵϺõĽЩνġӳӳ¡֮ģõʮһһӵĽ
ĺýɿֻЩֻŲõˡϾٵĿ죬˭ҲղǮ
յ
˿ԼҵĽĬĬᣬԼΪжܼ񹬡
ɽׯѾ񹬵֮ϯҲһһ˲ţۿɽׯҪ֣֮ôҪͷͳأ
Ź֣йŹ֡
񹬲ҪʲôճǼưɣ
ǸǵĶ֣ǸһΪʲô
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֪һ㣬񹬴û¡
Ȼǳߣζɽׯܻʲô仯
ɽׯĳ
Ҫͷߣ֮ǰ׼ɱã
֣֮ǰǲûй¶ۼĪǱѾյϢ
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ƵĳСɣһ񹬵ÿĳСӵţһŨӣ΢΢Щȡ
ΪƵӦͱȽϴû뵽ǸԼĪʮߵ
Ҫ򻨵ƣҪҹССû̧ͷ񹬵ӵ΢΢ƿߡ
ڲƵġֱͳһҸĶ𡣵ȵҹ֮ĵҪңҵʱáģֻҪʮᵢ⡣
СԥһǽˣʮƿʲôʽҪ󣿡
ûУÿС񹬵ЦУ㲻˵ȥȻҪûġ
ģģȻ֪
Ǿáϣ˭Ĳô
еģֱתǸļƵģҲĲǡ
ϻƵ˼ûô࣬ЩҪҵǲѵġ
лˡ
úõ˼ңͬһڶֱƯš
ʷ˫һ߲ŻƵ飬һ߿ʼɹҪæת
Һ񹬵ǰ¶൱ףֻҪʷ˫Ըȥɵĺúõġ
ȻˣһҪлᶳϸ׵飬ҲЩǵĴˡ
ԣԶȤ
Щ֧лᶵ˵ĵǣϲǰꡣ
Ǿ֪һлϡ
ʲôŵʲôͰṇ̀ǹϲĶ
ѩҲЩĲɵġ
չûôˡ
ѩһֱ鷳չˣʵǱǸҪ֪ʲôʾǣ±ض֪޲ԡѩѾĸˡ
Ҳԡ
ǽ˼˶Ż˼һ绨ĴչԼô죬ԼȻϣʵǹЩ
Ŷѩڰ֣ҪҲûнϵҪ죬Ҫȥᡣ
ǺǸϯôҲż˵˵Ǹϯѩȥᣬȫǳơ
ǣҲǡȺúϢѩѾȫɵȥˣϾע˼
񽥽
ɱֳǸϯӵģɱġ
һͷ
ģһжѾźˡʷ˫ѾһһҹûϢȴҲûƣӣԵþȡ
Ҫ֤δĹ˶ˡ
˯˷Ѱ϶Ҫã
֮ǰ׼Щϣ׼ô
ģѾˡ
ţȻҾȥлᶳȥϵšһĵͷ񹬵ǵİǺܷĵġ
һ죬һҪлֻ֪һ϶õˡ
лϲǸ˸㲻һ̣֤氮
һѾ׼˺ü׻Ӧлᶵʱʻг
ϣûɢ¡
ʱڲɢҲҪлᶵĵֿһ㡣ȵлᶼʶָ·֮󣬿϶Ͳװϲ֪СèСˡ
Ϊ˸лһϲһ춼ûȥл˵أ
лɾûôˡ
ΪԼ벻ͨԵʣЩ飬첢ûȥһ죬Ǹ滨ɲҩֱӽѩġ
һȻҲû
ζʲô
ζһѾĴ𸴡
Ȼ֪ˡ
лһʱҡ
лᶣҹҪ˵һͻȻܵлᶸǰ˦ôһ䣬̾ʧˡ
ǧܸлᶸˡ
лһĺܣһˣʱҪ׻ˡ
һԼǻˡ
лϲˣףȻŲɢ˼ң
һ̲
ƾʲôأ
лһ𣬾Ȼܹӽ϶ǳԼڵʱ򹴴ġ
ǶԷǸˣαҪԼ
ɼԷǾϲ⣬֪лĵƭԲŻܿһġ
ˣôܷлϲ϶Է
úõרעҵлҽѧӦе趨
лᶿЦֻϷ
֪ԼȻΪڱץ񹬵ʱֱӴ˵á
Ϊʱˡ
ɽׯĳ
񹬵ƺȫȥǸᡣ
һƺҲ֣
ѵķʲô
ȥﲻãƫƫȥǸᣡ
á
̷Ըȥƻǰһһټ
һ书
ǰȥĳ˶ݺݵҧͷԼ˵ģΪϹᣬֵʱбҪһõģ
һˣԲܷɳȥ
ǡ
һ˸·׼ˡ
ţĹԽҲǸ⶯ء
ɣһ𵱸ɣлᶣ


66
ССһᣬת۱ѾΪϹĪ֮ء
ֱ֮󣬽ⳡСаսζɺȴ뵽ǳֵķչ֮ǰһҲһͨˡ
⴩ǲе̫¡ˣһžԼܾе㲻ԡ
ϴĴģȵʽΪ񹬹һҲˡӦ˵ǻҪá
ϾǸʱûǮ񹬵ǮѾյûš
ˣһһݻ֮¡
ĶһõģͨĶҲʵĲ
һһڳۣ½Ǻ϶ý˿˼ڲഩѵõİ֯滹ͬɫ˿˺ܶͼ
֮ܶһѣѾһլˡ
⻹û㷢ڡ塢Ьӡȵȵļ۸
ڲǮŬЩӾֻǹ̵ذˡʷ˫ƽʱ;һ̫ӡ
û취һѹûʲôǮİá
ʲôֻһͳͳϲһĿǰΨһİãҲǳԡһԣϲЩɽ亣ζֻϲЩҳ
ټļҵӴһʲƲͷȥ»ʮӶꡣ
ò״ŻԺúûһʣ񹬵ĵȻǲġ
Ҳаɡһ룬·ˣѵҲá
ϱӾͲʲôʲ׼ⱲҲһҹʵͲǵȰܼӵ
лǱأһʵ
ģлǱҲȫµһء˵ʷ˫ãлϵһ·ɫʽ͹һһġ
ҲǵⰡ
ãȵл鶨ˡʵϣϰװڶСʱһ컻׶ġ
ùлһ߳ȥ˿ǵĹϵ
ôһЩҪһŵҰҰݣ϶ͻ֪Ѷˡ
Ŷֵװ
һܿ췴Ӧ˹
ǰЩúõֵҲͬ·ġ
񹬵ĵӣľܵ
лѾϳˡһϷϲɫĵӽ
лѾϳˣҲ
ǶѾ滮ˣֱͬͨһ·ͷм
ţ֯ŮĺߣִһΣջߵһ

䣡
ǻͦ㻨һ̲סЦˣлᶵϣû˰ɣ
ôһҪлᶵСˣǿɾˡ
ʲôЦʷ˫ȵлϵţ֤в۵˹ŵġ
ðɡһͷɫˣ߰ɡ
ߡ񹬵æ·
ṦȥͺáһԼṦȽϿ졣
ôУǽɡͷôãҰ
ͷɶϣͲô
ⶼǶǰĹˣ
һЦãȴҲþܾΧԼȷ˺ܾãҲùǵ⡣
ֻһеġ
ʢװȥʲôģôôֱ
һתһ룬磬ֵһдȻЩˣԼҲСơ
һǺ񹬵ĵǴˣҲǸȾˡ
Ҫлеʲô÷͸÷ˣﻹܵȵõڣ
ô룬һַġ
ȵһҲ񹬵ǵĲŷ
ʵ̫źˡ
ô࣬ΪùõģлǰôϾŮң֪ŵ
ΪӾͲһף񹬵ĵǿ֤ﻨǰʲôģҲͬԣ
ߡѩŰڳȺ
ǶҪ·ġ
һ£һɫİͬ
¡
㳵ˡ
񹬵ų
Χмһڴϣһ··˵̾;
ϵĻôɫˣ
лǶѾˣռûС
ϽŻװʱ䲻ˣṦȥ
죬ҲϽһ¡
أ׼һ
̻ģϽȥһ̻ܲ˳ȼ

񹬵ĵһȫ޷ĸЧڳת
Դ֪Ҫлϸ֮Էоһ֮ЧķҪΪͳԼ⡣
ϻʱ򲻺úŬ֣ѵȻص֮Ǳֵô
ȻҪõһ죬õףˣ
֣Сﴦ
һȺαװɸС˵ģۼһȺ
Ѿ̽ϣ񹬵˾ڴֵдʼ峡
Ǹͱ񹬵˸ռסżҪҲӸߡǷޱȵһ֣ӲǿٳһľĿռ
˼
˭Ҳ֪񹬵Ҫʲô
Ϸƽ˾ʵϽͷ⸽Լߡ
û취񹬵Ϣ̫ʵˡ
ÿһ䵥ĶûУҲȺߣҪ°һϢҡ
żҲֻ˵ʲôȺáһӡҪŬڹǰúñ֡ơ
һЩĻ
񹬵˸òҪɣ
˵񹬵ڳʲô
Īǣǲرͼ

ЩԶ󿪣ֻƾٶ࣬Ҳ󲻵񹬸ộֻǵĿưˡ
˭ţ
̽ӿлΪ׵һʵںδ
ڹ·ϡ̽Ӹǰر񹬲֪ôɳһ񹬴ʦѩػһʷŮʷ˫ڸšԱõʽͬǸֲһһġ
񹬹ȻжԲߣΪ֮ҧǿ֪ĻҪࡣȻɱϾ˥Ҫɱһֻȫһһи֮˭赲һ
񹬵˵
Ǵ磬ǷҪһһ
ûõģûһһΪ֮˻ҡͷ۾･ֳ֮ɫˣȥڸɵİ׮˵ǰϷ˵ݲرͼЩȸ̽̽·
Щɰ㶼ûţءԭǹ⽫ҪûĿ֮һģû뵽һһﲻס
Ҳֻʱļƻˡ
ǡ
һжֻɹʧܡ
ʥ𣬷˻겻𣬴ĲϨ
ʥ𣬷˻겻𣬴ĲϨҲ׷׺
һϱĿ
˼ԼȻҪôײźãôлһ߸жʹһ߻ӽն˿Ȼͬд񹬵ҵ
ţ
һȻ۾
ϵӣź濴˿
ôˣѩתͷһ˹ѯʵ
ϣ书ƺЩһ˵ƺои˳߸ˡ
ʲôѩĿһᣬ񹬵һһᱻעĿЩں֮ڣġ
ҵҲġһ΢ЦÿճУҪµġ
һԴԤϣǲ¡
ΨһģҲֻдԶǰĳˡ
һֻģģĸ֪һЩ񻹲ʦҲʲô˸Ӧ
ֻҪлᶿƣν
ôõҩԡҲҪԼʵˡ
߰ɡһӷ¡
ǡѩ˸ƣʾΧĵǶ߾裬õʱв۵ǰ˹飬ˡ
ȻԽǲҪԽв۵˴
һУ
Ҳ֪ðһͣݶһԾϣ潣˸֮һϮ

˿ѩȻν
ҲǷ׷ɽ󣬼ǰ
ǽϣȴѩһ񵲣滮˸ȣֱǽ͵Ľƣһ㣬ֱָǽĿڡ
ѩм죬ǽͶؿһ
Ҳǰ񹬳ǰѩĽѾƽؿڣһţֱӽ⽣߷ɡ
ת£ٶϣñսʡ
ǰߣɱ⣡ѩֱѾ㹻ⷽԲ⡣
ͬһʱ̣ЩŽǰȥʿѾ񹬵նɱ
ССһֿڣѾЩ˵ѪȾ顣
ӴɱЩҲһյʱ䡣
񹬵Щˣϵĺ۱ѪҪۡ
񹬵˵ô£
֮ǰõĽô˾޴󣿡
ǳ͢ӣҲû뻮һ
ССһȫһ״̬
ǰһ֮ʱҲ񹬵ӻͣͬҲв۵Ҫ񹬵鷳ɵʱһߵģ޺񹬵ĶӣԶԶܺѩȡ
ѩһֻ飬ܳƵľ
Ϊˣһ˵ѵѾá
ɱΪں֮ڣÿһ˶ǵֵǿȴܱһڴȺܵʱ򣬲ܻϣҪϺȡ
ˣһʹЩͼĵӣÿմ򵥵ġϢתתʼѵʱѧѧͳһж
ĿǰĻǵĶиУٶӱˮ׼ˡ⻹ԶԶһĴϣԺıʽ
Ǹʱ񹬲޿ƥУ
ԭһǲôͱ¶ʵġԴ֪ϻкڣһ֪Լٵ͵ȥˡ
Ǳֵ̫ĻᱻϻԵġ
ڲʵжǿⲻúȼɵ񹬡
ĿܣҲҪ£ͼ֮
ָ񹬸׳Ƴн
ܵġ
ѩҲѰˣô֪ˣˮλй۲ĺҲǽп죬֪һѲӦˮѹǡ
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ȺУʵڲ͵͵ŹȴŶҳͷȥѩ
񹬵Ůӣʵ̫
˫ǲǳ£żѪζһͷϵлҲյĲԡ
Ѿҹ˵ΧӦУֲǣôȴûһż˿дѪζأ
ϣصġʷ˫ЦϾ͵طˡ񹬴ˣ涯֣Ҳ֮
һлᶵŲɡ
񹬴ͷβҲң裬رͼˣһĽҲܲ־Ͳ֣˳Ȼġ
лᶼʷ˫˵Ŀ϶Ҳټˡ
֮ǰʵѾ˺ܶܶࡣ
ǵʷ˫ȫµ·һȴûйҪһ֮лһҾ͵Ȼ޴ˡ
ǰһǹһ
û뵽ڣһԸһˡ
лб䣬ȴǱ˷ȣ
̷ڱ֮ǰһٶͷԡһҪϲġ̸̸׼ȫҲǳֹ˼ӡ
лᶡ
ҲлҶɡ
鳡˳Ҳûʲôû˵ģۣҲùӰȻ˵ȥ»Ҫһ
һΪ˫ԣҪһĻѾʮּѣԼֺαظͽգ
лôţȻԼָѾٽġ
ȴۡ
ΪдʹѾԶԶ
м䡣
лϾҪˡŵ񹬵Ӽææ׼ô
Ѿ׼ˣֻȹлϹˣ
ˣʦ˵ܻв۵ĹƣҲҪ׼
⻰һŽƲϵ񹬵Ƕʱɴ۾
ȥɱǧĻ쵰ʱң
ҵлϺ͹ôãҶ׼ʼдˣҿһô
ȣʦãд˼ǵ÷һ£Ҹ㻭ͼ
зݣҲҪ
˺ˣţ֮ѪҶƻĸ״ᣡ
ǣ
󡣡
ĽѾˡ

һлѾԽԽ
ͬģЩǱĽˣҲͬһʱھ׷
񹬵ܣͲǰ棡
񣬾׵ʱ
ȻԽ֮ʱٽ˾Ѿ֣Զƺһž޴⡣
ţ
ôһ
Ѿܹȫòʱ˶Ѿɵվ
һ
޴ģ
֦ѾصĹ˻ơ
޴ޱȡ
񹬵˻˾޴ļǮŽȻĻƣṦ䣬˳Ľ⻨ƹ
ױȡ
ĻƣҲԷ˿Ĺʡ

лϡ
ǵˣ³
ѩʷ˫ңңһۣͷȻתǰȥ
һл˸˼һڴһˡ
ȴͬһʱһͬƿӡ
ԼͬؿǰһżԱϣȴĽֶ¡
ҹŻǧ䣬ꡣ


67
ۼĻǰһﶼò԰
˿վǰˣȴԲǧֻǲ֪οڡ
㡭
ҡ
һл˲Լͬؿڣȴͬһʱͣ
˵л΢죬ԼĲƺֱȰռ˻ȨҪȽԼĻ˵
Ӻܲлᶡ
л侲ġԳֵġӣҽ
ΣҲӦǰһЩçײȴɢһ㱯Ϣӡ
лᶶԣھ޴ս
СܵĽСľ͡ԵлᶱҲһὫȫѹˣͶҽ֮С
һʼлҲȷôġ
֮񹬣һߣһң裬һвΪҪо˫塱Ҫ۲һˡ
˭뵽ĳһ죬Թ۵ҲϲϹµأ
һϢȴֲƽ
ȵлᶻعʱĿѾ֪ķһϣҪŲˡ
һộ»㳵⼸δżδĻǴ˵еġͷ
֮ǰԳһõġ
һҪ֮ǰҲҪһõĻô
ܺãһ
лᶲûʶԼ˿̵̬ʲôӵġ
۾̲һˮڵƹҫԵø⶯ˡƺֻҪͶһ΢ʯӣȪˮȪ֮ɢŸϢ
¿ˣԽԽοʢװ磬ھµлأ
˵лվһһΧ۵񹬵ӣЩǱڰɱ֣˿̶ɵĺһ١
л֮治˵
񹬵ĵЩֿѾסؿڣ鼤ļιȥ
ҿ԰
ҿ԰
ôл˵
Ҫлȸ˰
һ˵ðġ
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СˣͺѣҲûʲô𣬶·ԸӶࡣһЩֵ·Ŷ壬ο̸
лôһˣֻҪԼ΢ʹһֶΣ϶ܶԼصġ
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С֣һȥԸ¾ôȥˣҲܺúõĺлᶹ滮һԺҪôˣ
ִʱ̸޷ǾǳԷֿӰκ͹
˵ӰԿʵξǽ
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֪һѾࡣ
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Уô
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һͣڰգҲǣҲǡ
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ʲôһлᶲ̨Ҳûʲô˵ĵˡ
ӡ
ǰллãôŶƭڣѾƭˣһܷƭ
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лȴǺߵֻԼĽż⣬̧ͷ
ŶҪҡһ㷴Ӧˡ
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֮䣬ҪһܵСֱˡ˵ˣǶˣܵɶɵӰֻ
лһ뷨Ҳǳ̸ˮƽˡ
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Ϊлᶰ
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ģġ
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δ䡣
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һǱ߿յĵطѵˮһ㣬һڡ


71
һչصĽϻǷ˲С顣
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ѾɹĻ˲׺ΪɽׯϷѾǽϲ飬Ƿͣ˲ԸΪ񹬵ĸӹͶɡ
ˣ׺˶Էͣ˵ʮ
ͣȻһʱ䣬ҲƵǡ족Ϊɣܹ׺Ҳǲ׺һҪֻǷͣʼռǵһ˵ĻԲ׺ʾһֱԵΪԥò׺˲ٽġ
ֻϧͣϾȥʱ̣ȵֲ׺жЩ죬˼ǰȥһʱʱѾˡ
һһսﳹ״ŽЩǰȥĽ˵Ҳˣ˵ʲôԸٺΪС
ͣ˵ѾǰȥͲ׺ӴˡֻͲ׺̸£ûа취ӽһ귮ͣһţѾһס
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ңҲдXXΪ֮书ڰ֮ھԽ֮ǰʦ֮ĴԣͶ˾͸Ӷˡ
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Ҳһֻ۱һֻۡ
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лǸһɫζĶ˶֪
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ԭҪæţСһ㣬㽫˵ʲôҲˡ
ѩֻԱߣεĵԼ֡


ǵ֮ǰĽ˵ԴҪһ㡣·֮飬ҪԼɲСһ߾Ͳÿƽˡ
ѩǰҲ˯ˣЩ˿µҪǰǱɼ̳ģΪ˷ֹɫⷽҲƵʮϸ񣬲ڡ
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ѩô棬ҵˡ
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˵꣬һֱһ书ؼǰ
ѩƳһۣдǡɽȭסⱾȭȻϳ书Ϊע.Ů˵̫ʺϣƽ֮߸ġҲ֪ôⱾߵĹģ
빬»ңæ˵ֻ֮зǸɲǺˣΪ׷ɱҡһúѧգйʧ빬ҵһƬϣһλᡣ
ģֵǮһԼԺ̨һһмĶؼƥӣ񹬵Ĵʦ㣬һ¹жʮ⻹һʮµΣϵĽһѵĺýȷô
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ɱȻһ
滨ɲ⣬һڳѯʵãҲΪ㱨ˡ


72
ӲӵģʵһҲûôƽϡ
ҪСӻۣѩҲһһ⣬ף书Ҳȥ
ȻˣױҲ
ǰҡãܰšżҡһȥǽŵĻ͸ˡ
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ϹٺҲǲ׺ӣȴǺסȻ˵Ů۳Ϲٺ豾ǲ׺һں.ǰʲֿҲὫΪӡ
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ԽԽɽׯǲ׺ˣ˵̲ͱ̲ҪԲ׺֣Ҳȥ
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Ҫ˵лᶲϲҲǰÿοԼʱ۾ģˣһǳڰģ
ֻ˵ҹ뷨ͨо룡
һҲƽ̬żˡ
ҪżҲûãлᶾôԡǸ߿ˣСѧˡ

ԼĶűҲҪ̸ȥܷզأ
Ȼѡԭˡ
׺ĵؽ粻Сֻռ㣬ȴԿЩûˣ෿ҪɣֵļǿʳõĹûʲôۻܡ
׺֮ɼһˡ
á
Ҫ̫Ǯˣø
˵ˣɽׯ滨ɲͰǰһûһûпԣ̫ܲˡ
һɵӣǿЦſڵȺ
۱֣һҪͣǽ˻书Ӷࡣ书ϣһǿ˺һֹǿҲ֮ܺǰһɫˡ
ȻһѣɶҪꡣ
ǿʳˡ
ʷ˫һĿбӣҲûж׺￴һۡ
ƽȴһۿ
ϴһ꣬ʷ˫һҲѾͤͤĴˡ
ǰĪӣ˿̵ʷ˫ѾƵǸˣ񹬵ķƮֺÿܳĵԽÿ
ƽһʱЩˡ
ʷ˫ԭǳӵô
ǸСֵܵӣѾʼԶȥˣȡ֮һƯгŮ
ǸŮƺǲߣŹƽķ򻺻
ƽĶʱһҡ
ʷ˫΢΢Ц


73
ǰС˵ӾӰʱһʵϲħŮvsֱԵġֻϲԩҵֳܶȤĹҲܻӭ
ȵʵϲһθ棬֪ͯﶼƭ˵ġ
ƽֱǿϻãǲϣǼֱǱľͷľͷ
ʷ˫𽭺ϵŮѾˣڹƽʼջǽֵָܿƽϣ»ҪС
ʷ˫Ȳȥˡ
ûôʱȥŹƽϣҲԼҪ񹬱аţҪɾһҵȻҪŹʱҲˡ
˴׺ʷ˫ǱŲɹʵ˼ġ
ǰһⷴѯһʷ˫뷨
ǹƽѾһδһżҲ࣬ڽҲһЩŮ֡Ѿһӣȷ㻹ϲô
һܺ棬ֻӵתȦӵħѲܹôȻǹƽҲȥʷ˫ĸҪҸõİߵ㶼ѡ
šʷ˫ᵽƽʱϵ鶯дҾ֪һֱûбҺһôΣϣŮӿ¸С
Ҳõġһ潨ڵĵλʷ˫ֻҪ֣µĺѡ
Ҽıȹƽõкܶࡣʷ˫͵͵Ŀһۣ˵Ĳ˵ʱոڹߣ춼ܼлϡϣòۼƷܹȵùлϵ޼Ҽһ˾ĻĶӦǡ
ʷ˫Ļûȫ˵ꡣ
ΪһĿ
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Ҫɱˡ
ֻǺЦˡʷ˫ЩɪɪֻǿЦѡлĸʲҲȫܲ˺òá
ЦòҪҿһƽĿʷ˫ƽҵĶεˡ
ʷ˫ָֻ췢ıԼԹƽ޶⡣
ֻ˵õȻиõȥ䡣ʷ˫ֻܸϽԼ˵ĻһԵ³ֱЩʲôвŻҼܶ࣬ҲϡƽȻɵûгҵòҵļֻǵĽҵһѵֵܣΪȥǰһץԸΪԼ˵ʱҾ֪ⱲӾ϶ˡ
ڲ׺ʲôģ˵Ҳֻ
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ʲôڣʷ˫һʱû
޷㲻Ҫ֪һվ˵½ǣȻ϶ƽĻôҪͷβ˵ȥһһһһУҪҵָӡұ֤ܹùƽ֮ôҪԼˡ
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һ֪ʷ˫ģ֪Ҫݺݵĸ¡ҲͰˣʷ˫͹ƽ־ԵģNַһҲͬķԲɢǺô
ʱ

ʷ˫ҲǾƹġ
ķοǲ࣬ʵһЩСϸڷ滹
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ʶСֵܣ˿ſţ֪ΪʲôͻȻҲܿ졣
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֮ǰϾдԣ˵һл֮ϵǳ
һ˵лᶵһ֪Է顣úƵǣԼھȻҲһǳ
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Ҫ񹬵ӰסôᵽڻûõطǲҪһˣġ񹬵סȥҲʹЩӰߡ
Ͳˡһ̧֣ܾ˺飬֮ǰѾǮ˼ٸֻǼ򵥵ľݵĻһܴá·ʲôģ̶͹ġֻҪ⸽ҿյرǡ
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ǿӦЦЦʾǽЩ˷Ž
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һһдģֱӽ׺µ˶ˡ
ԭΪһҲ죬ɿһӣ֪Ҫأ
Զ̽ҲɿĽϢ˻ȥ
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ҲҪͰĳǺúһҪζԸ񹬲С
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лᶣ㿴ǸֱһɫͲûҧˡһЦֲ֧ȫû֮ǰǰĪ
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ƽҽ֪Ϊʲô飿ƽǿһ㡣
ƽͷ˼һʦΪ񹬵ģ
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ԽԽ÷ͣǸѡ
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Ѿ׺ˣһ·Ķǲ׺ĵ۴¡
е۵һ书жߣе۵һлᶵĹϵȻҲаЩŮӵĸƯˡ
һԷָͣҲֻĸ֣¡
˵ǸͣȨ
ǷͣҲϲİţϾԵ£Ͳܱ̫ࡣ
磬磬Ҽ˫ˡƽͷͣĹϵõģȻзͣύԵʡ
Ŷǰ˵ǸСֵôͣȻ֪ʷ˫˭Ҳ֪ʷ˫Ϊʲôġ
ǰǰƽͻȻЩ硭иѣһܾûмѣͻȻЩҿΪʲô
ͣŵͷĹƽв¶һ˿
ɵСӣϹô죬һµô


74
ͣʵ̫ˡ
ǰδɵ֮ʱҲɽׯ˲顣ЩҪôвҪôѣּ򵥵ҲУֲЩ˾ͽҵĵӡ񹬣׺Ե׵񣬷ͣǱŲɹʵ뷨ġ
˭֪֮򵥳ϡ
˵ģ˵ɽˮġ
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⣬Ǳ߻˵ҪΣա
ھ͸ˡ
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ǣֻܸͣŹƽкСһ𡰼ӡʷ˫ˡ
֮ǰǧ÷ͣʷ˫Ҫ񹬵Ůջ˹ƽ漴úС粽ĶŹƽùƽר׻ǣǧɱġ
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񹬵Ѿڲ׺ס£׺ӶԴǿ˵ǿ˼¡Ǻһ֮ǰ⣬øģֻ۾µĺȦԽŨˡ

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лᶵļԼá
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һһϲܣҲۿŶˡ壬¶ȻǸ߲ȥ
һֻǮˣڲ׺︽ɽҵһطڳһССȪһΪרԡ֮ء
Ȫ޺õʱ򣬺ɫǽһѿ
ڲ׺ﵱô֪ǰɸܹڵóȪûݹ
һһ˵ãﵱԼˣ
˼Ȫںˣܲȥ˼ҵġ˵ģѾǱʲСĿ֧Ϊһʱ֮˷ѰвƲɲһӦġ
ֻűˡֻֽһ˸飬ʮֲԸϲݳܵƾʲôܹΪʦٿ޵Ľǰûʦżأ
첻
һȪ˺ü죬һΰлҲˡ
·¶˰лᶾͺߵĲвеģָһˡ
Ҿᱡ֮ͽһ㲻һ̽ҡ
ϲ㣬˫֮塣
£ҪýƸ֮˵Ȼ̫ίˡ
һúң裬׬ǮƸġ

лž˵һѣƤĶˣҲԴ￴лᶴ˿Ƕôˡ
һ
ֳ¸ĸĹڳĽʬ
˺òã
Ŷԣʱûдء
лǷ⽨ӵܳСѧЩָֹܹҲȷʵЩΪˡ
ɡֻһ裬ˡ
ԡ
лҲˡ
һ뵽ɫеڡ
ˣҪǰлᶽгĻ»֤Լˡ
֮ǰ̫ˣлᶸŵġ

ڿӰԼˡ
һֻлᶲߣۼ⿴лᶵϸ΢͹Ϊлᶲˡ
һͷлȴǴɽ˲ȥͷϵĺ
ҵûȥԼľҩСôȥδܹѳֵסԼ
һʵ̫ûзˡ
ʶһȻлᶺܿģͬʱлҲʮַա
ֲʥˣϲÿԼ޷Լǰ½϶е뷨ġ
лᶲҡ
СڼģЩ˽ڳɻǰͺβŮӱͷȴֻǲ᲻صľͱŹ
ⲻƽ
ӣһ˵ʲô˶ĿҲ˶ı̫ࡣɾһһԼ˵ʲôеĻ
лᶲ롣
˵˫ԲӣѰŮӲҪķաһǰ˫ΣԾ͸Ҫ
л֮¶ѧҽҲΪĸΪлҵϱżҶǶõĴַ̣ŹǰҲͨŮûʲô
Ǹʱ˺üŮ׶ڲõʱѲһأ
뵽лĳ嶯Ҳ类һˮ͸
Ҫоһγþһ޷ҩ
һҪӡ
ںӺ;һ֮ѡĻ𰸱ӹɵġ
лȶһ׼ȥҽ侲һ¡
ǡʱлᶿһ˳ɽ˹
лҽпһˣлᶣæĴȥ˴Ҳ׺ңҲ׺һ
ˣлһ£Ҳ
ʦѰɡָǰĺ˵ǧû뵽ﻹѰϢıӦþɽϡ
лҽáϵĽ֮ɫ٣Ҫˡ
һأԼɲǴš
ȻˣҲͬһҰɡл˵ҶϢ׷ҲЩĵá
Ǿˡ˿Ҳ˲ʲô֮ˡǶҲ׺Ҫɨأ
ⶼʲô¶ֻǵҪһݸ谡һһЦһ߽·һԣǱҲ˱ϡ
ȪҪǰСҲϣȪͱȪˣԿ϶Ҫ档
һ˶Ȫ档
һһԶ˳
ԷڹǺǿҲ
ɵϢлᶡ
ѲɣлͻȻԴ󷢣ҪԼϴԧԡˣ
һ۾һæһԼʪܵͷ
˵ˮɵƸ⻹Ҫúעһµġ
ȵ˵ĽŲԽԽһеڴҲԽԽߡ
ţ
Է
òл־ò̫ãҪ;˰ɡ
һ΢΢ֿۣԷлʵ̫ˡ
ⶼɵˣʱżζҪƮߣôõ飿
һ֣עϣһ
ܿ죬һӰֱӱɽȪ⡣
ţ
㲻лᶣȵһʱ򣬲ŷ˵ϢȻлᶺƣòҲмϻһ޵Բлᶣ
˵ǹģлᶵġ
Ѿʦ֮һЩţ֪Է顣ǿҲûм˱ȵϡ
˵˵䣬վһЦ⡣
л룬
Цлᶾ߷ˡ
ٸôЦһûɵľһģллᶳô㲻Ҫֵܣֻ϶˵ġ
СлһĶⲢ£ҵȷҲлˣֻǱȲлǵϵˡΣлȻ飬ľͷҲûʲôҲͬҲҽ书ҲǺ˵ˣҪǺֻҪʱల£ңġ
лЦʮᣬ۾Ҳ˸˿˿⡣
ʹԭͳɫӿһ
лᶳˣܻѿ
ܹòչֵ£ǱлᶣҲʲôˡ
һȴֻûƤ
Ȼ
Ĳϲˡ
ӦлһԣҪΪԷлᶡƤֶлᶱۺԸһĶ
ǰһºл˫̥һҲȫû˿Ȥ
ûȤֻҪǣҲúǼƽϡһڰ֣ɣҵۡ
ǾұȲлô
û˱ȵϣ
⻹õô
Ц
ðƷµ񣬺Ʒһô
лһĻϵ𽥱÷ŭ
лܹģҲܹӵеģҲҪУ˵գлһ𣬽ϵ·ֱ˸顣
ͬʱϵͱøŨһЩ
ζ̫Ϥˡ
ҩ
һɫ֣һʱ뵽ﲽΪӪű˯Լӣ
졣
ôҪΪԼŬˣ
ҶѾʦ˺ô


75
ΪǺƵĴ.ҩʦҲӹл뱬ϣһ¶һڱصõЦݡ
һûʲôرĸоҲʦǻһᣬ棬Ҫǿöࡣ
лģһлᶵĹϵ
ܹлᶵĶл뼤ĵġ
ͬΪлˣòмƣƫƫһһڵءЩˣԼҲǿԼлƣüֵˡ
лᶣʵڻ̫˳ˣ
˵ļ֮ģͺԵɡ
һлᶸáлһɫ죬֪ҩʼˡ
һһָһʱȴȻһɾƿ
л뱾ʵǿǰ㷴֮Ҳޣͷ£ˤ˸ʵʵ
ɣ಻õ顣һɫͨ졣˭ŬΪһʦȻҪŴ.ҩű˯Լ鶼õġ
һ͸Ӷˡ
ղû뵽һȻˡܣһСľͿ˶ԷĹ塣
۾Ϲˡ
һ޲ֱӽμɾ
ôô᣿л벻ԼѾˤƵ𾪵ĿһƺţȻûӰ죿ܣ
ʦҲֵˡ෴ԽǿˣӦ÷ӳԽǿҲǡ
.ҩСŵҩҪרҵĶࡣһת۱㴩·ӸµĿŵµл룬Ǳź͵͵İɡ
һлļһĵֶΣʵǺֱʡ
㣬ϲı󶯡֮ǰ֮£ǼϢܲ͸硣һʦս¶·磬ĻᱻǸˡ֮󣬺ͼһӲת£ɣͼγɰΧ֮ơ
ʱͻȻһлԼôôͺ·ȫͬ
лЩɪƺҪˡ
һǰﻹܵĵط
αˣʱлɿ侲мֵҲҪһ¶ˮԵϲֱ˵ǡʦ֮۸һСĴ򣬴ȥҲ
òģֻҪ޶֤ûˡһǻЩˡѲɣڽϴĻͺܺô
Ҫ˯Լģֲ񹬵ˣ㲻ɱҲҪ˵
һ¶Цݣ˿Ժֵ︡ЩҪ˯Լȴûгɹ񹬵ӣǺǰһӰغϵһ
Զ񹬲ٵûɵһɺ⡣
лʵʵĸܵһɱ
ҪɱԼ
Ϊʲôأлƣôܻɱ˺ллֹϵ
лûڣֻһʱлᶵļ֮ĳͷԣһˡ
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һˡ
֣ƺҪһ¡
лı۾
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СҲ͵ϮңһЦԼǲ̫ĴˣʲôèС
л뿴ǺһûжùһУиǾ
Ѿ˼Ļ
Ȼôף
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ںҲѾΪʱ
Уܾô
һлȥķ
㡭϶ǶɱңҲᱻѪҺĶˡл治ɫѡ
ΪһĶʦлԱԼĶ.ҩ
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ıжûнһ£˵ĳҲ㶾ĻԼɡһĵĽóȻл۾Բˡ
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лװĶǲô
Ϊ˱֣ɱѵĵ
лĲͬһ
л˾ӣĬĬİæȴ˵ҲҪرָµӡ
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Ϊӣȴʦλạ̃ʱ򣬰ҪοԼ
ʦҰģѾ˽֪ѰдǺ˵񹬵ӣ¼
⻰ɲ˵лһ۵ͷ˹ȥ˭Ҳܵ˵һĻ
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ˡ߽棬Ҳ֪ôȥ
лҽǲ׺һζʧǰ¹شֻܵˡվǽԼɿĸһЩ֮ºϷȻḺ޶
лᶻҪ˵ʲôȴһĴܡ
޷ɡһ˵漴ֲһ䣬Ҵ·ˡ
лϵ΢˲٣Ȼô˵ˣ롣
׺һ̳ǰȥ
ʦ㿴ǸˣͻȻǰһָǸѾһһĺˡ
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ﻹŵҪȥ͵Ϯһ˽
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ǰ书ԲȻҲ͵ǵİһ·ˡǺҲҪڰ֮ڲܽ˸ס
ĸ֣Ȼûһﰾһƣ
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ǸճʦôչֳıºǣԱȼЩʦˣ
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һı£Ҫʬ𼣸ѡ
С£ôһҪɱûΪĵɡǾһ
һƬȸĳһЦɽﴫͽܻȥڸɡǲ׺ʱ䣬뿴
лһš
ԼղڹŹǰһȦﻹҶ໰лл
ɽл֪Ѿˣһϲ
һæź˵֮ʣͻȻ³һ룡
ϸСޱȣȴ涾֮ʣһеıѾʼ
ߡ
һһ䣬˵ϡ
лȴûṦ˳ȥ

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һɽһ¹ڣ̤˳ȥ
ϾкϷݣϷ˹֮һôҲҪֵķһ㣬Ϸźÿأ
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ȵڶûɱл룬Ϊ
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ڻԩ˹Ǹɶľ顣
ˬ
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Һһﻹ֪
Ȼôġίл֪֪ǰˣ
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ɶĻȼһ˦һ˦СĢ
Ż
ʱٵӲɱ۾
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컯յģܳҪ
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ʵиԸĳϿȥˣֱȡԼ˹ȥǿлס
벻Ҫô۾
˵˵˻ŻŵĴһȪɽܳû·
һҲ֪ԵġʱǵĿͳлᶵͷϿ˹ȥ
лͷƾճһñӡ
˵񹬵ʮֲһһ񹬵ӵĻǸûʲôһһһ˫˵ĸŷԸʱ־ͺá
һĸˮ̳˯˶ǣǲ׺ǰٰûħצ󱻾Ȼ֮Ļ䣬ƺ쳾ˡ
һΪˮĶӣǰЩӻڻ϶лᶴڣôˣ

˵İ֮ȼա
һĺɶ࿴лۡ
񹬵ˣȻǡ
ƽͽҪ
лᶱЩ˿ļҪЦ
һǸʲôˣˡµӣΪŬ˯һ˯֪ٴ۶Ը
ǰ
书ƺǿȻܹӾһܳ־ȣ
⡭ǾһַҪϷˡ
Ͼ֮ǰһںл˵̫ģûݺûоơ
ⲻô
лǾͷۣǾúЦ
һʱҲԷ嵽ԼǸʲô뷨
ȷǣѾؽۣܹ̩Ȼ֮ˡ
˭ιڴȣлᶼ̾ʰ飬㶼ûоᡣ
л뿴лų׵Ц
һ޲ɱҡ
Ǻǡ
α
лвм϶лᶴ˿ѾòУֻװĺðˡ
Щϵӵܣͻװ
л뿴ôˣʱ
һѵڴ֮ͥɱɣԼܹûٵһлᶵĹϵضǴһ
ʱȥҲ׷Լж
ҡǱµģλʿңл롰ڵأ޵ʮֿ
ûˣźлƵľٶǸҲһ˵ϧƫƫͷûı飬ʮ۾ˡ
ĬĬĽͷŤת˹ȥ
ǻϲӡ
˵񹬵ĵץ㣿лɫЩŹ֣ˣ²ڰʾʲôϾлԼǱ񹬵ץߵġȥ飬Ҳǲ鲻˿
ǡлҲۣЩ˵Ŀ⣬֪Լӿ²ܺÿϾǿԼ񣬰㾪ȵӶûС
ҪûˣԼлƣֻҪԼһޣҾˡ
أлᶺʵץһãӦڸֹײǡ
л뱻лᶸˡ
Ϊʲô
ⲻӦɣ
лϲһ
лô룬ڳĲ׺Ҳ뷨
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˼ǣ㱻񹬵ץȪȻһ㣬ûӳ˳ûɡлϸϸʵ
ҡҼǲ̫ˣӦл뵣лᶻץסԼʲôѱҽ˵ңֻһͨˣǵôࣿ
ͨˣлЦͨϿûôصĴ.ҩζ
ͬЦݣлϾԵײͣлϣԵøɰ
һ߳ʱ򣬶лЦʮֿġ
ǹҳԵҩлæ˵ҲϣԲŸµҩ
Ŷһߵлߣסлᶵ֣׺˵룬ǴŲ֪ң񹬳Ʒġ


76
һ˵ң֮̾͸олԼֽ˲١
תͷлĿ
ˡ
һϵЦ̽ס
лᶵҽжôأֻŷɵڻҵĻˡ
ʵлĲôȻҲѡ齭ô˵۾ѡһһ
ң¡ǳлᶵĳܷΧ
֪ҲͰˣǽϵ˶֪Ժ󲻹ߵң衣
ңܻӭĳ̶ȣʷᡣ
ǧ󣬻û˻֪٢˭Ƕ˵лȴһ֡
ĳֽǶ˵Ҳˡ
лᶱʾܾ
ҪΪһҽǻ٢پ;ǿһöңɵ˰
һĻ˵Ҳˡ
һܹолѾΪʵʵĺߡ
ǷŲܵĻлᶿҪɥüָܻ
ǿɲС
ȻһǰҲаܻһлᶵרпʲôģֻҪҶ˵лᶾͲ֪лвʳ˼̻СС
Уûһ¡
ң񹬲⴫ҩµǵ㴺.ҩ֪ǿ˶١һסлᶵ֣˵ҩЧڳӦöᵽǡ
ڳˣЩһ͵ˣһ̾ͱˡ
ϸܷǵĿ֮͸¶һ˿Ⱥͳݡ
ңҩЧҩԽԽˡǵùҩһ۷֮Ǿ޷ٽܻصǰˡ
治¹ص˵ϣͬĻǱߵϡ
ԴҩоԼ̬϶᲻١
ӻ͵͵ĸԼ๫һҩ
ǣҩҲ͸ˡ
ҲûдĸҩҩͲһÿ˶ô
ɲô飬ңĵطΪΣЩң̼Ҳûм֮ˣֻǰԼĳʱĳصȥҩˡ
˵ңǳ͢ڷҲ˵ǵĶ͡
˭û뵽ңȻ񹬳Ʒģ
񹬳ƷģƺˣΪ񹬵ȷʵȥ¡ߣǵشɳĮңǴɳĮֻҪΣҲ˻ᷢ¡
һ񹬵Ůǳ°һЩˣǻӵҩҲȻ
ôһһоͶԽ͵ͨˡ
һڳ˶Լǿлᶣжʱһʯ
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ң赽׾˶ٲƸǺרô׬ǮȻҲҪһšΪĴлȻҲңϸо
ܿϧȻܹо浽ʲôҩģǹҩĵ䷽ȴʼûͷ
ִᣬҪѾȫһĵҩɷȫ䷽Ǻѵ飬οڹŴⵤҩô׾ܱƵĻЩҩõ֮Բˡ
ľǮңһ񹬳ԸꡣһʲôʱȱǮˣңǡ˻鲻ˣңͣһصģҲʲô
⻰һ׺ﲻٳ϶ʼ
𰡡
ѾˣͣһأǼֱûˡ
˵ӣ͵͵ҲŹǵģ
ȣ˲ˡһϺƤһ΢Цָл˶ԹĻ죬һң²ˡ
ǡңҩôᱻ.ҩԻ󣿴ǰԲض˵ѡ
ˣһЩҩ
½ҵõһѱʾˣǲ֪ɷǰһۣ

һʱ䣬һ׽˶˲١
˶ԭء
ĿЩͣһʱ侹ȻЩȥһ
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Ϊʲô񹬣
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ںԣңȻǲȱġƽֻһӣѾΪɮˡЩ꣬ҲŬҪԼŬһܲܺú
ǣˡ
ң裬ȻĿǰûʲôϢǴ˵ˣֻҪ֣˵һŮϣ
ں˵һܺõĿꡣ
ڣңȻ񹬵ĵҩ
ú޷ˡ
ǰ뷨ңȻ񹬣Ͳκһţ׬һǮ
񹬵ӴġõġѵǮв׵ģ
뵽ԼܵǮ󶼳Ϊ񹬷չ׳ĻʯǺã˿ҪѪ
εǣң裬˺֮ƼϵġǶһ̬˸һٰʮȴת䣬ﻹ֮ǰڣ
ЩԺ˵ɡһڰ֣ڻҪȴһƭӵ¡
ҲƭӡлΧЩ˵̬ת֮Ѿ֪ٴЩиԼˡ
Ҳûһʲôķ֤ףлҲ׼Ӧ˵ñ˸ԼûȻ֪ȡˡ
û뵽ǣһûнУֱ˦һ𾪽ϢȻľ֡
ңڣζһиǿĴ.ҩôƾлһˣ书ǲӳһƵġ
ôл룬ȻȻľͻΪ˻ɵĶ
ѾõҪģֺαضƣ㣬ܷܲŹң˵꣬л뿪ʼһͷÿһοͷʮܿͷϾͼѪ
л룬Ȼ˵ϧ
ȤһΪʲôոµķ·ң˵˵ȥҲǰһסͲһˣ·˿ģȻôҷŹ㣬ҾԸ߰ɡ
һڰ֣Ͳ˵
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һɱûмļһԼء
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㡭ķңлȫ֪ôˡǰôһˣҪɱôһ˼򵥵ķŹأ
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Ŷˣ˹ǺˡҪúһ˦ôһ䣬Ȼ§лʧ١
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λӣ˵Ǻˡʹ˸ɫ̾ͽлذΧȻ֪˵Ǽ٣룬Ҫú̸̸

лᶺһ־ͻԼķ䡣
Ǹ˵ô£˷л̲ס˳ҪϷҲҪϷ˵ݸҡ
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һʹʹĽȥ˵˳㿴Щ˵ɫûУһ˵ң񹬵Ķ˵ˡֱҾٿʮ鶼塣
ȫֲŵӣʵ̫ˡ
ɱ˲ͷأĵΪǽʹһӵġ
Ժǲòң裬ҪԶǵǵĳŪġ
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лһ˵ĻҲǸһе顣
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һʵȻǿ󣬵ҩ־壬ֱ׺Χ㲻ҲҪˡʱлϺ˶һ͵ϮĻָܽһɱ
ܹɱһǶĹͣ
Ҳ׺ҲʵɱС
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ⱾһʯĺݶƲߣȴû뵽һʼͱһˡ
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˵ͰҲûлɹôһֵһʼʻˣҲĻҩҪİѳֲסԲô죿
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֪лϲҶҪлϲϲʲôĳ̶ȣ
Ͼл̫أƴҹĵ䷶ֿ򶼲веġҪһĺͱ˷ʲô

ȻҲȤһǲȥԵġ
ҸףΪԼͰѶûǿֱӳΪĵͰˡ
лᶵɫ̾ͱˡ
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лᶿһĿ⽥
ǸһڿЦһҲܺͱ˷һʲô
ϣлᶹһһܻΪϴ˶ͱ׽ĿԣҪɱˡ
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лҹҲɢɱһ죡
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˸ͽ̫һô

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ΪʲôЩŮϲʲôԵܲѧʲôģͻȻgetˡ
ģȻġһлᶵһ棬ʮ⡣
ȻлᶴҹҲܿɰΪѣ϶ҪһЩֻԼֻܿԼ֪
Žжһ޶
㲻Ҫκҩġһǰлһڡ
˵Ǿų́ʡ
ҵҩ
л۾һסһһְֻסһͷǡ


77
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ܵ񹬵ǰת˼ȦջһѵǵĽ
ƺͳĺܼҰ
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лڻߣڷﲻϳ
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һǸ˶лᶶˣû˯һ˯˷ѣ
һֲŸսлᶵ⿪лᶾͷӦˡ
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лᶻ˵ˣŬԼûȫµͼһק
һʦôҲлǿ
ԸģǶǳˣ˯·ɡ˵ϲ·ģһ΢΢üҪлãҲǲС
˯˯лᶲûҧԼͷ
ǡٶһеӰģҶˣȻԼŰһգգ۾شҶʲô
лᶵȻ⡣
ҽĺܣ
񹬵ĹҶлᶿͰ͵һŬڳԼҪһֵġ
һһ£ʲôüֵģҶʼˡ
˯һ˯ʲôģҲ顣
׼ˣлᶻĥĥġ
ĪǣлĲУ
԰ղʱˣа
Ҿܹ֮񣬻ҪȵɻԺ󡣡л˵һ˲ͬ˸Ҫ֮棬ȻҲв֮ȴڵϾ谭
лᶳңһǽˡ
һеȻСǻǰ˼֮ף˵»ǻҥһĸࡣ
л᲻һЩ˵ġ
⽭ϵЩԣһתתܿͷӦ˹
˵ңҿԲ⣬Ҳϣ˵㡣лᶳĬһǸ˻ش𣬡лǱߣյϢ֮ҲжȻڽߣҵĻ£»Ҫϱĸ
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˵Ҷ֣Ϊβɴˣ񹬲棬óɱѩѾԼˣʹһѹûС
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˵ʷ˫͹ƽߡ
˵֮ǰ׺¶ʷ˫ĺøжֻ30Ļڱң񹬳ƷϢ֮󣬰вʵȨ϶ʷ˫ĺøжѾ70
ôϣ͵͵ҵʷ˫ѯʷ˫͹ƽɻˣױܲܶңʲôġ
˵ȱʣʷ˫Ҳþޱȡ
ǰֻ֪ң񹬵һҪԴǻʵĸŶ¢ҵ
ΪһҩȻ˵뷨һôת䣿
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Եת䣬ƽҲܳ
Ψһùƽò̫ԵģԼʦƺеҲ֪ΪΡ
ʷ˫Ĺϵȴڸ֮£ԽԽˡ
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ǣͷԸǼӿٶȡ
ǿִɡЦ˵ҰģͼȾָԭ֣Ҫ֦ͬѡһλǹֿͬ񹬺ͺ


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ܹı䣬ıҲӦһǿǹƽ
ϣƽҲӦѧų󣬶ƾһǻжˡ
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ⲻǸģǸҵġֱ˹ƽԱߣȴûнƲ˰ڹƽǰǷԼߣһǮĻףţ⣬ǳӡ
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ϹٳϹټҵһԱϹټҵļȻͬ䣬ȴҪСһϹٳڼӹÿνң
ȻϹټұȲЩְҲΪԱܹ࣬õԴҲ١ϹٳǶôҲиӣĲƸڽϣѾǼΪ˲õ
Ҫ˵ϹٳҲûʲôĲãֻ˵꣬еģƫƫȢһλСʮСޡ
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ղӣüѣŲҺ㡣
һǵķӦ
ǸˣǮǿΪΪġ


80
Щ춼սս˭Ҳȥùͷ
ҲûиɻǷŵϢҲųȥˡǰɣִֶϹҪһΣʵûʲôʸС
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񣬺Ȼһ
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˵濴ŮˣŮˡʣҪԲʡ
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εģ˻ŮˣԸĻǷԸģǿˡ
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˵ٶȲν죬һ·֪˶ƥǧ
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Ŷһװģ̾˿̫ϧˡ˵ˮҲиãȥϵء
¶һĪЦ
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ö˶˵ģʲôɻأ
͵ô


81
Ůװˮƽˡһϸлۼۣʮ⡣
лʵŮӣĵü˳۵ģͶ㶼ʮŮԻģ˶ֶŸ·ȫǸΪߴŮӡ
ˣΪл۵һŮװãͲָװˡ
Ҫлôô
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ˣָװɡһһӣˬĽл۵Ůװƣú£Ҳġ֮ǰںǸˣŶʲôˡ
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ллһҼҵĳԼ
šһ΢΢ͷתͷ򺫳ŵС书Ǿ˲١
͹ʲôŵһ۾⣬翴Լżһ㣬Ҽ꣬Ѿʦˣ̫ˣ
úŬҲԡһ˵ٻŵΪ̫ڲűġû񹬣ŵҪȥ켫̣ʱŮ鰮֪ҪɶòܳΪʦ񹬣ûЩ߰ģΪʦĿԻǺܴġ
أŵĳһ߿˹ȥ
ڿ飬ϡһָָȥɣú졣
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ӿеֵܣҲǽ쵱ֻǺΪұ׾죬ͶлңлҵʣµѣҲΪлҵĳϡ
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ȻǲʦֵҲǺǵġ
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飬ҺͰӤǰݳˣлԽԽֱɷͶӣӤ֪أǵ֪ƱƭˡȻ֪ܹȥϴŮȥһҲνдŸңǶչչ˰Ӥˡ
˵գл˦־ߣ᷿ɷͶӡ
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Һʹ֪лҶȻ֪Ҫ˵ʲôҲ֪Сһֱʹ͵͵żлᶣ֮顣
СŮӣ֪лӵĿأ
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Ҳ߳жлӡ
ܹ϶ܿͿѾܹļˡ
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лᶿһشӣЦֻĶԡ
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лһʱ֪˵ʲôֻܽıסһ
һһлᶵ£ָе㲻ʵͱлᶸץסˡ
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һԼбҪúȡһĸĺøС
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Ժ˵һЦе˵ģа취ҺͶһãɶŵġ
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С˵ǵûŮǵʲôģǴĿԸ
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ЩĹĶǣ󲻵ġЦҡͷô֪õǸˮŮӣҪ޸δأ
ܶʱ򣬲ǻðˡ
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Ҫ㣬ʦôܼң̫ˡĻ͵ļֳлЦЦʧôãһΪˡ
͸ӿ˺һл۲ŵ
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ǣǺͻһļϣɴ໵
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˵֣߽֦ܿչƯ
ⶼˣģ
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ɫһףͻȻ
лĵݹһӣĻ͵ı£
µ˺ѷΡ


82
⡭ôˣѲжˣ
Ǽȳȥл̧ͷŷ⼸Ư˵ǮǵģĻȥɡ
㿴ңҿ㣬Ҳֻ΢΢ĬĬ˳ˡ
ԭΪ̵ǸεĹӸû뵽Ȼô飿ˬģ³ӡ

ȵ⼸뿪֮󣬻͵Ż¼ľͺ˲١
Ϣһ֮󣬾ûһˡ
лЩĿ
ʵĺ͹죬ȻòʣܹڲصסһͲĳҪԼ˯Ļ̾ͻῪʼŻ²ֹ
Ϊԭ񹬶ûʲôˡǰΣ˼񹬵ʦʦǻ»ء
ǻ̫пˣ
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ΪһͲȢģҲûʲôõġһᶨվлһߣǻȥǣ޾ͼޣޣ񹬰˾ǡǻǻȥɣȻҾͽǴͻȥҲ򲻹ҡ
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˵ƽﴩĻ̫ࡣǰڼҪôɫҪôɫʵڲÿǸڴĺÿһɫֱ̫ƯˣеˡлӤ̾
ǰ紩Ǹʵ̫ˣȻ紩ƲÿԸÿġ
Լ˼ôˣ
ģǷǵʡһ˹͡жˣôܴôأѾԸ˸лÿһ·ĺÿĻͽ𣬲ȻôǮꡣ
һ׼˸ֿʽģ˵㲻֪紩ŮװһֱҼ˼ϸ
֮ڽء
ԺҪǺлᶹˣǿԽлᶴŮװһԡ
ν²衣
лԽǲӣһԽӻɫϡ
ǰִЩ淨Ҫлһ顣
ʳɫ.Ҳ飬ֻˡ
ŲҪɮֻܺܳ͸
ʲôȻᴩŮװҶûмлӤƺ´½һ㣬۾ĶлᶣʲôʱٴһΣкܶ·ΣԸá
лᶣǲﲻԣ


85
һлӤദ
һһл߶˵ʲôüֱǽϵ͹ϵŮǵĽ壬ֶΣɶĺʲôġ
л
˭ɶ˭
һڿ䰢Ӥӡ
Һڽûг¡һлᶵļһ˳еŲӦеķգȻֿصĳ̶ȣҸоһ˴ų͢˾ܽ
лֱӷ˻ȥӤɰǨŭ޹֮ˡ
ãðɡ
лԼĵȻ˭ĵġ
һ֮ǰлӤһְûдлԺ
лӤ֮ƽ⡣
лӤĻ˵ǡ̫ãļҽһŮҲãҲãûа취硣Ψ㣬ܹлһӶֻҪлᶵˡ
ʮСܹ˵ô
һҲֻܸ̾лİ¹
Ҫлĳ£˵лӤһһ˾ܽ
첻лᶣ糤ҹ
˶ӦøлƷÿϵļΡ
һϾҲԼҪÿлӤ档лӤ˵һҪ֮²Ҫһһ뵽ӵ鵱
ִֺ̼ҪļƵ飬лҿ᲻
һ˺ܾãǾлӤȥھǱߡ
һھǳ͢лӤߡ
ԴŽлᶴǱȡţ˳ĺǴһš
Ųţлᶵ֣ھǱûе᲻лӤ
ȻˣΪ˰ȫŵҲаŮװһСŮлӤһȥھ֡ĳʲô飬Ժŵ书ҲԴлӤȫˡ
˲żüãôСһӾȻҲлӤ񹬵ֵȫµʶ
ŵֻС˼¶ѡѾΪܣԺҲܵˡ
Уһúչ˵ܵܵġлӤڼСģһǻ㰮ûеطʩչΪлᶼᶨľܾŮװ飬лӤֻŬﺫŵ硣
ҺúŵСǰйŮװ飬ҪлӤ³¯Ưһȥִвģ
ˣһһ߽Ҫúý̽ǡǰһлӤͺŵ˺ݺݵĲ˲Ρ
ȵܹһ̵ĵ֮һŽǷ˳ȥ
㲻õˡһЦſл˵㣬ҶûʱúˡҲСˣóúõ֪һ½ն񡣡
лᶵǵıġ
һġϴԡʮΡ
ҵĵǣ͢ҪֽھҲףҪھֵˣûг͢壬»ҡ
һ̳ġ
пոھֵĬɡ
ģǻǺзִġһˣˮźɽŶ滹һȥҪҪȥ
ǻңлЩ𾪡
Ȼ˶֪ĵһʱ̸ˣҴɱ䣬ǿɲָôһǵС˼ָơ
УȻѹˬΪȤһԸԼӽĺô
ǣѹǡ
ˬӦе趨
ҪȥôȥĻ᲻谭ķӣлҲ֪ɲȣǺԼȥ»ὫԼǰЩ˶ϣʱһΪԵʣ˴¡
ᡣһĵлᶵ֣ҾУʱ˵һҪҺúóϷأ
һĵһվȥˮš
Ǳʲôԭ򣬵ǵΪطлۺͻ˶ȥ˸ˡ

ЩҲ̫׽ˡ
ҪǺżӶԲ
񹬵ųһ־ǡ
ˮű˵ѾƵһǮ
ͬӭһ׺ųˮȫС׼ס
׺ĵӼҲֻˮŵ֮һˡ
ǿ˵ɽ˺һۼͷ
ӴĵҲֲˮŲԸһֱѹͷˡ
Ҳû䣡
ʻ·
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һЩƮݵ񹬵ṦڿбݣŮ·ˮһеӡ
񹬵ӣ
Ҳ̫ÿһɡ
ֲôҶ˵ʥأȻԲ顣
̫ÿˣҸоʦ㶼Ȳ
ޣʦĴ֮һЩ񹬵ӿǿˡ
ǿɲһ

ˮŵ˵ʲôɵ˵˵ʲôӰ쵽һεĻ档
űһлһͬһĵӣҲ̰ڳӪҵרЦݡ
ΪЩӲӽĽˡſһĿ൱ƣ֪ĻΪǿԼҶء
лҽҲԽˡֿԱߵл˵ˮҲµһЩټҽ±лҽǲԿ
ˡл΢΢Ƿ彡ʵٺò
лҽ仰ֵõһסλαվ˵롣֣һлᶵӭ˹ȥ
Ⱥǡһתͷ񹬵ĵ˵Ÿһˮơո·ҲЩˡ
ǵȻѾ׼ˡ
񹬵ˮ̶̵·߳ʮ죬ɿۼˮ߹ǾˮѾ˼ˡ
롣
롣
һлᶣһ·źһͬƵǰšʱʱľͣúŽһˮߵķ羰
ˮӵɽǰɽǵסģɽǳϺžסġɽ֮һ޴ӣṦӲһ鷳顣
ҲΪˣˮŲųƵ˲żüá
洫£ΪšһĶһ˵һֻһ˹ڹŵʱĶ⣬һͻˤ¡ˣҪר־ͨš
ˮȷе㱾¡һҲӦǿһЩƷ
֮ЩǮ
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ҫҲֻҫǰĶˡ
ĲТͽĺá
˵ЦˡЦһˮŵƣһССĺɽݲ¡ңˮŴô꣬ûгֹеĳ
ûУԺδءһ֪ŲʲôԽǲʲôһԽҪ˵ʲô
û취ô񶾡
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лᶣҪҴȥɡһ˵֮󣬱㲻ˡ
Ųֻһ˹ȥлЩȡ
˵Ȼˡһг񣬡ſԸԣ
룬⻹ǲҪԵĺáҪӦĺܣҪһôˤǲǸһ
ϣ϶Ҫܷܵġ
Ų˿ȥûʲô˵ġһǡãҲҪԣǱлᶣܲˮŰȫ뿪
лᶣŲңһ۾ֱлᶣұ㣬Բȥ
лû˵ʲôֻסһ֣ʵжԼ
ûʲôεġ
ĺ;һһͬϵȥҲûʲôԽܵġ
һӦòˤӦûһ㡣
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ϾһҲ˵ʲô²ɡ
¡
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һգգۣʶлᶿܱҪϲԼ
Ȼ֪лᶿΪԼһȵлôʱһﻹǲɵķһ˿⡣
ģҾԲˤ㡣һлᶣһ㣬Ѿ֮һ˳ȥ
ֻһֻƵĿȣһˣר־Ҫ߹ѡɽ֮൱֮ԶɽϼҪ·൱֮ѡ
Χľٵˣлܹľֻзӹι
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ˮŵźͳǣ׷̧ͷһлᶵӰ
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Ҳ߰ɡתͷĳ˵ܲܽйһֱڶš
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һлᶷſϻŵЦݣ˵ɣҾ˵ˤ㡣
ģ˵һţǵɽ𺣣Ҳа취㰲ĳһԼţңдġ
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෴ðޱȡ
һһʵֻûʧĸоΪлᶺһزסŵԵˡҪ˾ƥ
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һҲֻ
ǻˣһ˳ɻһ䣬㡣
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֪һͷȻܹ֪лûнԺŵʱҪлᶺµĻӦʲô취壿ɴȥϣúȥлȶһ
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ң֪ġһźĿлᶣʵҲԲôҵġ
ѾǽʦֻʲôõĵģлЦ˳Ҫ㶼Ųˣʲô˿أ
Ȼô˵ҲǺܸûżҲҪһֵĻ
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лֲӣʱڸĵ͵Ľˡ
һżҪȥлᶲУȻлᶺٻᡰҲһ鷳
̸Ҫô̸мܳɵģ
жǰڲܺǶôȽᣬڶҪ˷ͷΪʲôǿһԹ޻ϣ
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˵ˣҲǡѳˡ
һżϣлᶿһҪ󣬱ҹͻȻȥɽժ֥ʲôģֻҪоһʲôٲҲҪһ񹬵ҵҽ±챦ʲôġ
úһлҵĹӣֺÿԸֺãԹ޻ڵĸһˣȻһҪûУ
һлᶾÿûš
Ҿúܺã֪ʲô˾Ϳˡлҡҡͷһ˼縺񹬵ΣѾˡҰﲻ٣ֻоˡ
лᶣǡһҪúлᶡ˵顱һȴֱʶ˹˻
Ȼ񹦸ǽҵȿ۽硣ŵѾŵһͷ˹ĹάȪ֪һֶζȹţҲο
ŹˡһƤЦⲻЦ
أһɫûС
˵ˮǽϹʵߵһɣˮӣֻмʮŮӡһƯģ˽ߺţǸһĴ֮һĳƺųųų档
ǺǣҲԼʲô
ôˣˮΪΪǣǱֳƺŵġˡƽֵǿˡ
ѾƼȣλǲһͬȥɡƺҲûвһЦڱ
һûнĻ
žʮֲ⣬ôö˶˵һͻȻƢѲǹˣһȵ̫ˣ
лҽôãҲѾˣúϢϢһԸһЩûнصһϣл֡
ðɡһлᶣֻΪѵĴӦȻٺ˵Ŷ
šлһģӦһ


86
ˮŵӣеǣ񹬵Ǹڡ
ױױĵΣҪΪ񹬵ʦǳ书ߡڳֻŶӿԼʦʦһˮе˵񹬵ʦʦһķ羰
񹬵ĹܲܿԼŵˮŵǱʾ׺ĹƽҲǿɲȹƽǿöࣿ
Ὥˣôͨš
ǸӢţôõ񹬵ǣҲһ¶ˮԵ
ȻˮŵЩӣŮ̸ĴʮޣȻҲκŮദ
Ǵ·ժһЩҲ˳ƿʲôģֱӾ͵񹬵ǰ
ţżķҷأ
ʦãһ㣬;û˱ȵ㡣ЩҲҪǰȻʧɫ
ⶼǶôûмζ黰
ǸҲʦŤͷߣ㻹Լðɣҿ⻨ͦġ
ʦ㣬ΪӣϺòÿ㿴䰡Ҽǵ֮ǰľ
ʦͷһۣ飬ô
ٺúÿȷӺҵĶ𣿡ʦҲûֱӾܾǽԼĶȡһӵԼ
ӣ϶Աȵĸԡ
ϵԲҰ׾ŴÿһŶָ׸ô󡣶ϵͶϵԵʮСˣû˼һ˵Ա֮Եð޹⡣
˵ˡ
ӵʦ۵һûп޳ӶûãֱӾˡ
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ţ⾰ɫ㣬
ôˣҲң
˶ʮˣ
Ҳϲֵģ
ڵĲҪ

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书Ȼ̫ߣʲ̫ϡ
Ҫ£˴ϾɶɶУҲָ񹬵ǻΪӡ
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ԭŻҪһúǽϳֵݾ˵ǳԡˮźɽšĲرͼ飬û뵽ֱӱ״ĵǸԲˡ
Լĸ鱻˵˵ģԼϣųԼ׵ĵǡ
ţô˵ô֣Ҫȥң
˵˼ҪңûĲФӡ
أϲʦȥװɡ
Ϊʦɲܶ˶񹬡ʱ򱻴ˮŻҪҪˣ
׸ҲԸģ˵ҪȢ
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㻹ɱɣ˷һչˡ
żֱЩ˵ļһﶼͽܡ⻹ûк񹬶أǾѾɥʧսˡ
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ţȢ񹬵ӣѾǺ˲Ĵˡ
ǰ񹬲޷񣬻ؼ
һ
񹬵ӱʦ㻹

ЩǶ֮͡йƽǰҾ˭ҲԸŬˡ
ðȢţǮ书ȫһλֹٷܶʮֱ꣬ٷܶһӣ
˭߽ݾأ
һ򲽽ʮ꣬˵ҲҪһͬأ
񹬶˸ʲôͷַ꣬ҪеһΣ
ǸҺúõ䣬ĶȲҪܡý³ȫҪǺúõĥһЩеûµĵǡ
浱ʲôɰָҪǵˡ
ŷһͨĻ³Ϻ͵
źαˣ
ܹǺôɲһĴ
лᶺһ˵ˮסʮֿĿ֡
ˮŵķ羰ǲںô˵ҲǸҼľȻƻɽ峿ɳĮ
һˣйлһ𿴿Щɽˮ
ϵ̫ůҲۡ
һðʱʣ
һƬɽˮ֮䣬һĨԵøޡ
ǸԶ͸ᵱһɽСĸо
СʱҲɽлһָ֣ǰ̫˵һΪɽʱҲȥЩȽڣֻҪһֱǰ߾ҲΪɽϣҿԿֻܶ鱾żҩݡǣһллᶵʱܹǵٸߵɽҲֻЩɽʱܹҵ˵ġڣҿȥʵ˫Ŀ֮κһΡɽ
лǰˮһΡ
ǸʱӦǰ˿ûʲôϾơңˮҲܵǳϼסĺɽҹ䡣
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һûüлᶣҲûʲôˡ
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һȻֻһ·㣬һҲ䡣
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һƺܸ˵ӡ
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ֻһ֧㣬Ȼȥһطˡ
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һһֱսսֱΪ񹬹֮ԷһЩʵϣ绹кĸҡ
˼άʽΪ硰·һ鷢չɡһеһУһʲôʵ֮
лᶣһһܹ˵ˣҲ˶ˡ
磬ûʲôرĿ
ڣелΪʲôˡ
ţлҪ֪ȥЩ֮⣬Ӱɡ
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һһİ磬ǰѧĿѧ֪ʶȫ߸һ񹬣ԵǺ޲ҪɱԼĸһѱΪгˡԼΪ˯ԼŮǡ
һǽ統Լ磬̬ϾҪֱӱˡ
ܶˣڳ֮󣬶ҪȾ۾ӵĵطҵԼĹС
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ʲôлһʱûзӦ
ҲûʲôһлᶵķӦͻȻֲ˵ˡȵԺˣлһγʱлҪǲ²Լٺ˵

ʱлᶿ϶ҪץԼԼǸʱҽʲôġ
ȿȡ
˵ɡ
ش𲻳
лֱԼһʲôҪĶһȴûҪ˵ȥ뷨ˡ
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ǰִûܳɹҵܹҵһôģҪʲôг
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лС㣬롣
ھϰˣ˿лӤģǽھֵҡ
ǵϢͨлӤ䵭Ŀǣ䣬һƯĮĽЩԽӽ
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ǲҪвҸġлӤһֱͷĺŵ˹ҵŮͺСңҲ뱣֤İȫ
ŵûϷ츳ֻǿԼޱ飬Ŵһ
ֲ˵һо͸ŰӤУֻҪڰӤ˵ȥܡ˸ץˡʱ־С
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ǾáлӤشҲҪҸȥǸν񹬣ҲûʲôøСֻҪܹ˺Ҹ磬ҲԾܵİǵæ
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87
ЩˮӦסҲ⣬ôҲӣлֱ˵ˡԭҪˮܣĴһȡϢ
Դһסˮ֮ͷľֳҪô񹬵ӽˮŵĵӸ־ȫޣҪôһչ¶书ЩӶ𺳵ļòסеĽôȥˮžҪսˡ
ſǺúȻ̵ܹڲҡһ̲סҪԷƣʲôžʣұضش𡣡
ǷɢȫǵĲرͼǲǳ񹬵ֱʣ⽫ϢָˮźɽţΪЩҲѾ֣ҪһõϢͱҪֱֱСȻһͻװ⵽ף󶼲ش㡣
񹬺ĵ𣬿ˮźĲ
Щ죬Ѿץ˲֪ٸͼĲرͼĽˡ
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ҪУﻹõôʣֱӴ֤ݴˡ
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⻰˵Ȥ񹬺гԹλһߣڽ꣬µʤ񹬴ΪѣԲ˲顣вرͼֱȥǸã飬ҲɹΡ
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񻹲꣬ҪִͨЩر𡣲Ҳ⣬Ͼ귢̫ˡ
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һûסڽھֵ˼
֪ھҪԼֵ֣ܵ˵ĴӪȥסⲻ壬Ǵˡ
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ģһϸ˿ݣǼ򵥱Ҫ뷨һû˵
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λھʿƸ·ϱ׷ɱǡĸ׾ɱĳУȻ°ߵġʱܶ཭˶Ϊˣɽáºھʿд˷ų˲֪񹬡
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飬δɽɽϣܹǰμӣòӡ
񽭺죬ɽҲ£Ҫھʿ书ǿ죬ȻǴɽҪ˲š
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˭뵽ǸκοĺӣȻܹɳĵزأ


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½ӳںϣݺύһһһĵȥ
ʮҴ󴬶ͣڶİߣûʲôĵطں룬һСС񴬣ˮ룬͵ֲۡ
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ԣλھʿǰߡ
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һҲܷŹһһлᶵʮֿ϶ˮͣɲΪҵĹϵͲ֣ңûڲ٣ûԭ򡣡
»ΪҺĹϵأ
ھְﴦ
ջԼص񹬵Ӷʵʵİԭء
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Ҳ뿪̶̼꣬һҵȨҵ񹬡ĸ׵ģֻǶһˣǵϢˡ


90
ִڽ˵εеˡ
һлЩ죬Ҳǰ㶼û
ԴھʿˮǰЩС˰˰һͳͳһˡ
ھʿһ̬ѺõվĻޣҪһӵϰڰףҪһ⳥ġ
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ϾǵɱֵĿȫ޸ĸ֮ˣƣɱǻ᲻ηķʱҲֻ񹬰װӰˡ
ҷԸӸ׼һЩ·һŷܹǮⶼ⡣ֻҪܹã໨һǮҲûʲôϵ
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91
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ԭһԼҪҪֱлᶣлᶵҩܹƬ̶֮һ㶼ˡ
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ǵģǵģȥȥɡһ˿а뵽ǰҪлȫʱ򣬿ǧ˵ڡ
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92
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ҩһֱӴлᶾܾ
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лᶵĿͶ˹ȥ
ﰲڶʮǰΪµһҽعŹ֣˵ǱĲȡĲȡѰҽĲȡ
ǰȥѰҽҩĲˣΪ͸òƣ˺޵
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ֻʮǰﰲƺΪһˣԼȡĹأܵ˲ٱܾĲǵıֻ
ؾˣԼһأܾˣ˶ʱڲܶ㶯֡һԼƻ˹أô˱Ⱥ֮
лҲҪѰټֻһֱûܵóԸȴû뵽Ȼˡ
ﰲɻȵĿУ˺ڵλã󻹴һɴ̴ӡ
ﰲȻˣ

һʱ䣬лᶵĿ̾Ͷ
ﰲԾҪ񹬵лᶴ̨
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ģȲ㡣һлᶵְͷӳӣһͲǵҪԼֹصҽҪģɱʲôֹذ
ҽģҪôһֱȣҪôһֱȡ
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һǲлȥĴġ
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ֻںԱߵ滨ɲȴ֪ǸվѩߵŮӣǽͷ۵ɱ֣
ǰЩӣ滨ɲȥӴҲӦԭ滨ɲΪնݳȴ书֮ǰһ¥ѩ컹Я֣滨ɲȥɱɱ˸߰˰ˡ
滨ɲĸ˭Ҳȥ鷳ˡ
ңҲ͵͵ϵһЩ滨ɲɱ֣óһЩ·׵ݣֻҪӦ֣ܴ滨ɲ﹦ˣŵɱֵǮܵȥһеأܹȢŮ˵ĸ̡
ջʵ̫ˣ
滨ɲһȴҲֻʱ¡
ҿЩʿҲˡѩƲƲ죬ЩмĿŶ桰һһĳʽ
ʦֿɻûһҡҡͷҲܽõսϣҪһЩܹЩ˵ѧЩʲô书Ӿˡ
Һ֮ǰһͬʹǵ׽˫赣ǺʦϣҺҲһս֮ˣ˵ѩ̲סԼҹ˼֡
ʱԴŮֱӸѩУԹ˫赶ﲻ·֮һܶʲôֻ֣Ҫ˫赣ǿǿϣܷΪʤǰСŮսַ粽ƴս۰Ե죬Ҳһԣúҿǣ
˵Ҳ֡
⽣ʱѩֻþһͨϳ˽ûʲôĵط
ǵһͬóʱ˫ԽĬ׽Խǿ
˵Ժܱøǿѩ˶ѡ
˴ִᣬ˲ٸ֣ȴһֱ̩ɽǻĹ᲻Ҫһڣû뵽ǱĴ书
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ţȻٷȥһͷǿҵƣϳǰ飬ǽǵʦʦǰɡ
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ִһҪ죬ǰǸЩǶӵҲͬ͵ͽǿʼдʱ
ΪавμӣΪ˹ƽǳǩѡҲɸоĳŹţҲԽһӷϳ
һʹ󽵵˰Ŀԣ书ɫҲܹӱ
ȵͣۿŶзˣ١
һǰһʱģϴĻޱȣǺһ˿޵Ц⣬ͷҲޱȵڣ˵Ĵӵ
˶źҲֻˣ״¶棬Ȼ˵Ŀ⡣
ھںͬʱһҲɸ̾񽭺Ȼһ˻ˡʵʵȨߣɲ⡣
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ϣܵŨŨѹ
ڻϣһδﵽʦֻܸ֮оǸƵĳС书ʲô̶ȴ
ڣһȴԸоҲһѾʦ
ңԷϵ裬±ֻ߲͡
ܹ֮λˣȻ򵥡
һսлᶵ֣ƺҪлᶵĵмȡһ¶ȡ
ԽΪֹһǵһоΣյ
лᶷסһ֣Լ̬ȡ
ԷҲͬʦҲһһͬսʤԷġ
ʼλͬʼ΢΢һЦص㿴˿һղƺ书Ӿˣʵڿϲɺء
һƤЦⲻЦĿŶԷ˵˵ƾؿɲ˵˵С׼ֱ͵ǡ
ҵѵûյʼЩɻĿһڻȨգȥΨڸĸԵǷȱôˣҽĸ׸˻˴ӦúúлҲǡ
Ǻǡ
ȻǺĹ
ʲô
ˮˣ
ˮŮ˵Ĺ¼һʱɫЩŤ
ǷɽҶ˿ҲЩĵĿһ
ˮ񹬿¾ͲôƽˡΪ񹬵֧ߣȻҲܵӰ졣
ǿллˡһҲ̬ãҼĸףһǰúÿһķɡȻ곬˶ʮ壬ĸ׿Щ޷Ҽлҽ˫ҩἸ꣬Ҳѡ

Ҷ񣿣
ʼûߵЩǵһըˡ
Ƿ׷׳ֵǰƺֻҪʼһ£ֱǰһһ㡣
Щ֮УһĿͣҲ˲ݣС
ò˵ͣɵò
ʼЦŽЩ˺˻λܹƽ͵ҵ飬Ҳһˡ
ֻϧˮץ˼ʮ񹬵ӶһĹԸЧ˿̿ջĺء
ȣȻˣôִᣬʽʼĳλ̩ɽͷϵĺӲͷƤ


93
ִ
ʽô䣬ĺҪػǲġ
˵˵ȥͻǱ䣬ҩġ
е£˵׻ȭͷˡļɵĵӶ࣬书ߣ˭ڽȡøߵĵλҲ˵ĳϡǿʳôһصĵ
һԼҵӻǺĵģϾ񹬵Щӣһݺݵѵ书ϸĻأͳ
ϳӢɵһӣҲְ֮һиʲôͲһܹǵסˡ
书ӻУӮ˺üӢɵ϶Ц˵ġֻǲ֪ΪʲôһϳЩˣûһҪս񹬻ߺģЩԼ档
ﲻٵվһ۰ͰͿţƺЩ۲
꣬ҲҪȥúôһ˳ùһǵ࣬Щ֪񹬵ǶôİôЩսĶûУ
УЩĶʲôè򣿾ٶȣ񹬣ûʸŹһȻܱ䣿ȻһӮü
̫һɡ
ܹ񹬵ӵ˳ɶҪ۵ġ
ֵµĵӣӾӶ࣬Ѫ׳ģƽʱҲûмٸŮҪǺ񹬵Ӷϣһ˼ҵƾȥһ룬ʱ򻹴ʲô򣿶񹬺ؼϳ˵ġŵӵԴ˶С
ȻԴɻӵԽԽɫĵӡ
ߣ񹬵߳ȥѾ˸߿üˣֳĻᣬЩĵһɣ
һǿžǿŹ磬缸Ǵ˯ȥġ
Ǻʼȹˣȫ̶ڱ΢Цʱʱͷƺ濴̨ϵıһ
ǣǻװ⡣
žҪ˰һִᶼҪˣһʡ
Ϸʮ겻뽭ִֵľèôЦɷҲ
ҳӵˣ
һʱ˾
˵ôִᣬаһãҪҳӵĶûУִ͸ϵΰ
һҳӵԽ࣬µԽִ֤࣬ԽǸ߶˴ϵΡ
˷׷׳ķȥȴһߴżӣֺĴֻϴ·ԭֵЩ죬ƺеǷɣǱߵģŶɣǹŴ޺
ԭ֣ǰ˲ٰ߲˰£ֺĿˣǡҲ˼ͽܣҲȥһǸʲôˮƽ
٣߾ȻǸʦ
Ȼһиս֣ʦҲΪײˡ
С˵ƪƪˣ·һµġ
һ˿лᶣҪлϲʶ
лʵʵҡͷûмˡ
·ҹƲԭֵġһ°ͣⶼС˵ĻˣһЩＸġЩ켫ֹĻһǱжġ
лգգ۾Ϊʲô᲻һлᶿǶԭֵˡ
㡭ԭʮһɡɽϸ˻ߵ˺һʮˣȻû
٣㶼ûô߿ɽϷЩɵӰ㣬ҴѲóʦǣĳǵȻ㣬ҵͽǻǡԭΪ֮ܲڽҵͽǧˣһϰɣ
⻰ǽƾܵĻˡս֮󻹲֪жĻڵš
Ȼһûʲôµģֱɱ˾ˣɣԶ˼һǧϹǲɣ
ɽԭʮһɵǺһЩʿԴʮɻ󣬵ǿɵŶ߸ɵӡ
ɽ̾˿ƺӦοڡһŻ˵Ƿɣߡʮǰ˵ĽԭѧǴСɿʼһ·սսЩϡʮһ书⣬ȴǼ죬ܶ˶³˴ƷкǲӮ˶֮󣬻Ҫ¶ֵָΪսƷ
˵ɽƺЩ̣˵Ҫģսֵָֻ
սȻҲûڽϼıˡΪԭʮһɵԵʣܶ཭˶ˣԭʮһɵҲﵽ۷塣
ԭʮһɵǱ˭ܵģɽô
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⣿
һһ͵ģ֪ĻΪ˫ɽء
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Ȼĺ΢һôܲ
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ȷɽһʮǰĸȻҲΪ񹬵طƫƧֻСΧʱĸ׻źЩ񹬵һͬߡԭʮһ̫ãƳĸ߻ͬС
ɽԼѵѾ㹻λˡ
һҲ붮
ףԭʮһǴˮ̸˵ˡ
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ԭʮһ̾Լãһô֮ʣͱˮɾĽˡ
ţûüΡ
ˮܴ֮죬ȴֲ֪ˮ˭ֻĿĵѰң־ʧ˴룬ڶսɽ֮ʱһŲڲ˵ǰˡ
Ӵˣԭʮһɾʹԭʧˡ
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һֱõˮӮΪ͵ϮɽЦãɣŮӵλ£书ŮӡԽԼˮΪԼɫ˰ŻˡҹԼ˵˵Լˡ
ԭʮһɿԭһʱ䣬ܸܵˮ˵Ŀֲˡ
ܺ߻Ĳֹһ
ԭʮһ书ǳɫġôȥֳʦ¸ӲöԸˡɽش̳ĵӿҲѰˡҵĵһֱδϳһԣ
ʲôһȻµҲˮ°ܽԭһȤ̾ͲʣˣǳԸ˵
ûжԱȣôԳ񹬵ǿأ
һ̴ž졣
ԭʮһɵȷннͷ۵ıǮ
̳ͽܣÿһ죬ҳм졣̶̼غϣѾ˲ɵĵӡ
ƣԭʮһЦͶҪֵˣԭֵĵôҲͽܿ书һ
ɵ洫ɫŭҪϳһϸ£úýѵһɣʿȻǸжͱԼʦŶ侾˻ȥ
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û񹬺ͺ˶û˵ôǲ鿴ʵĺûᣬǳȥӮҲûʲôùʵġ
ǿУȻҪˣ
ǰɳЩӣҲůˡ
ʦĸ֣ȻʦԿ
һĿƵĶź񹬡ۿ̫ҪɽˣһֱҲǸ¶
ʼ̧ͷһ˹ȥ
ɫ룬ҶˣӦҲҪȥϢˡ
ôȥҪл˯ݾˡһ϶˵
л˯ݾ
ȵȣ̫ûɽأǾô˵ˣ
˿һлᶵ𾪡
ڽھַλлӤЦЩѿ
һҪȨ
ʲôӦ
лӤлᶿȥʵЩڴϾǰڼֱƾŮǰ̣
ܿϧҶʧˡ
лᶸɴû˵̩ɽ
ֻЩʲôͲö֪ˡ
ʼɫ糣һҲһĻתͷԭʮһɣһĴ򣬻Щ˷ʱˡ㽫ȫϳǺ񹬸ϳһʤΣ
ԭʮһɶԳʼĻмһˣԭѾ̶ֳôǰǫ
Ȼǹؼһżʦ֮ԭʮһɵĵ÷ǳ㡣
Ҷ񣿡


ʼȴûô²ҴӦͽܱ˴ϤĬҲضϼѡǺӺ񹬵ӴδĬضԿ飬ǶԸ
ԭʮһϸһ룬ֵȷˡ
ȻҲܹ۸ǡͽǣúôһЩ˵ԭʮһɹЦƺ񹬷С
̣ʹbossմϱߣҲʯڻˡ
һ̾˿תͷ˿Լĵӣûѩϳ书ȥ
ϵĵӲͦţɫ΢죬֡
Ա߲ɵеӶˡ
ôǧĵĴˣӦúúǰôܹȥɱɱأ
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ȥ
ͣʶĹ֣ǣ
ǲǿҵˣ
ܣԼ֪˶ࡣЩҲûиųӦҲòôϢ
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ΣͣʶܹǱõһᣡ
֮󣬷ͣϣɵڱ̨ϣṦӮһƬȲʡ
ﰲԱߵ˿ͣһۣϴһ˫ڲףͬ죬̨ϡ
񹬵еĶࡣ
ƮƮŲ̊ϵʱ򣬷˿÷ӣһۡ
ƣǶġ
ôɣô䣬Ҫʲôı飬һһҪϰġ
񹬵ӳŴܣҪų
Ҳ˵һ¶棬öٽĶѡչ¶ݣҲ㹻ˡ
񹬣Ǯ
ңäҪǶ棬ǻǮ
뵽ٿڴտյĽǱ
Ҫˣ͵Ŭ׬Ǯ
ںлۺͻͣɫûôˡ
ǻͣǶ񹬽ã׼ʼˡ
ǣҡҡ׹Խʮ˽⡣
ϾԷ˯
һ
ŵ㡣лۿĻ͵ı֮ͥء
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ţҪЧа
ԭʮһԼ书츳ǲȻҲܳΪʦ̳ĵӣҲʵ
һ濴˿ԭʮһɵĴӣ书ԺѩȼˡֻԷиܴëṦУȻǿȥĻûʲôˡ
񹬵ӣܹһָȥ书ȻǲȻҲΪһ汾ġ˫赡űȲѩԵǰ汾
ͣ˲ʱ䣬书Ҳǽչɿ졣츳ͼںŵ֮£ֻΪĥѶ˲١ñָֻ䣬˾˵£书͸һ·
ˣ书ȻǿĹ֡
һɻĻʣµǸˣԷ죬ǿóڹƽƽֻ˫ƺЩԣÿκԭʮһɵĵй֮ԭʮһɵĵӵٶȾͻһ֡
ϣжɡ
һлᶣʾлᶶ࿴̨ϡ
ӦƵĶˡлһҲ൱Ĭ˵ҪķѺܶԴ͹򣬶Ҷʱ̣ܶһƳɹΪÿƵʱõĶһһץˣҪòͬĽҩԸ˾ޣԡ
лûн˵һҲѾ˼
ǴģƶˣлҲȲ
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ǡöһӲŲĺָŶ˵޳ܣ
ܿϧ񹬺ͺӶǵظ֮ˣǻпйָʱֱ׼յǫ̈̄ˡ
ԭˣô޳ܵôԭʮһɳԼҵͽǿȥ촽ϣһж󣬵ŭɶ
ǲԭء
ҲõĶ
񹬽ʮ޹ĿԭʮһɣͬµĶ
ѲƶȻܶˣʲôԣ˵ˣҲûɶꡣ
Խóŷͣ޵˸ۡ
ͣû˯̫ϧˣ
ǵľٶڱУˡϾͣǱãղչ¶˲书ᱻ񹬵ӿϼֱˡ
ҵĵӣöʦŴСﰲƽĿԭʮһɣƺһ㣬ףⶾ΢㼸ӻȥϢһ£Ҳûˡ
ƣԭʮһϳôĿӰԲ׽һƾͳ涾˹ȥ
ܲɴѾķѡ
ݣҲȫȫ¶ǰ
˾Ȳѣ˲Լ۾ΪԼˡ
涾ˣĺ̨µлᶲоŷƣ


94
˵Ŀⲻϵ̨ϵĶ˺̨µл
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⼸һģ̳ģ
̨ϵһˣĺлᶲ࣬Ҳһ޶ֻü֮Զ׼Ƥ԰ף촽Ųʺ죬̨µлᶶԱȣһһɣȴص
źлᶾųƵģ죬ҲЩܹǵģ
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ڽھ֣¼βѹѹǣƺΪȤ
˼ȻܹҵһлƵˣһл֮еĻ۳Щȫˡ
Ŀ֮£˺лƣԲˮ׼ٽ˻ģҲ˵Ժ˶źлᶼƵƤµĻǻ᲻Ļлᶡ
ûʲôǿԣֻǵ԰ˡ
ǻᰮݼڣôҲһ
֣¼οǼöˡڻʹЩλɶںԼƵĵλǣҲûɵľͻ񡣵Ůͱƣϲ
л񹬻һЩ˽лᶵ˻ôأ
£ʲô׵Ĳ²ⶼֵİɡ
лӤȴҧüҪֱȥŵסˣӤ㣬侲ڿء
ŵû˵ѣһ˿̵ȷڿлӤͺŵ
ûʲôرģһֻǵҪֿصлӤ̨ϳһлƵðƻʱʲôıְˡ
ܺãлӤҲɱ
֤һˡ
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ۡ
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ʱ˿̣е񹬵Ӷ˼һϡ
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ﰲҽٸߣл֮ǰҲƣҪһ˱һ˵ӣҪõļԲ׾پġ
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ңĶպܴķҲߡҳɹˣҲָָĲ֢Ҳ᳤á
£ɶˣҲлΨһһ·
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Ŷл˵ĲǶôֵ飬ЩСˡ
һӹлᶵݹĲ裬豭װĲǲ裬һЩɹ۽
һԵġ
ֻǺСһ⣬ȴ㹻һŭתϲˡ
лĺܶô
һлᶣͻȻ;òôˡ
ŭĿ죬ȥҲ졣
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ˣϣҺһҲСһװΪѵ˵
ţ۽
Ŀ
ʼһлᶵĻжлᶵ۵Ǹ˼֡һлᶣ»ĲΪлᶵòҽԵʡ
˵һܹԼʱؾ侲ˣǱκζ߼ֵġ
Ϊʦʵûǰаһ
෴Ϊʦ֮󣬺ܶᱻӦŴΪΪʦ֮ǾͲͨϰ֮ˣ˾޴ġ˼ޡ
һʦ׾ٵǧ֮ݺᡣʦĴڣҲó͢ɵġ
ЩΪʦˣѡȥΪǵ͸֮⣬ҲΪ˲ϲŭ̫ӰԼʲôص
˵һָͨΪһʱֻɱһ˵ĻôһʦŭԻһСˡ
йĳʦС߻ħԼţʦԾ
ΨгΪʦΪ˵֮󣬲ȫסԼ
ʼ֮ѡȥСɣҲҪƽ˵ƽԼΪʦ֮Ĺ顣
ͬˮҲˡ
ˮڽΪаԵĴӶῡӵʱҲǡոճΪʦʱ
ǳΪʦ֮ҪĴۡ
ѡʱл֣ʵҲǴżŭһͷ
һˣټȴִ񹬿ʼûߴһÿһǵܹõѡһûгĶ֣µġ
ˣʼҪһһθͻƳΪʦľȵʱʹķңӶľٶ
ʼ͹лᶡ
û뵽ԼҪúЩƽľһֻҪһлᶾܳɹ
ֶŪŮԾ˶Դ׷һҲصħڵġ
ҲɣҪԭʮһɸ¾ͽˡʼڷԸ
ͣл˳ųʼ΢΢̨֣
л֮ҲµɴסԼͷβûплᶺһķ
ͺ񣬸ûпһ
ԭʮһѾüʧȥǡ
ĸͽܣ࣬߱ɣѡͽܡТ˳ϰֺã˿ȴΪжԵڵ֪
ԭˣʵ̫
Ϸ𣡡ԭʮһȻŭģ˲ͷɵ˳ʼǰҵƷ糯ųʼ˹ȥ
ͽܶΪ˶µģôҪȻҲǳųʼȥ
˭óʼ֮ǰǰߵأ
һʱѡ͵ûԭġΪߵˣ͸ް
һȫעĶųʼķ
ɣ߿ȻԴ̫ӣϾǸʵʦ
ʦභҲܽһúù۲һı£Է书׽չʲô̶ȡ
ֻʼƺȫûע⵽ԭʮһһ㣬ͷ΢΢¡ԭʮһɼѾ¶־ڱصõı飬ƺһ̾ҪѪ
ʯ֮䣬ʼˡ
һּԽ弫޵ԭʮһɹʱ򣬿ֱܹжȥԭʮһɵĴ빥ˮвΣһһ䣬ֹΡ
漴Ƶԭʮһԭʮһɺ󱳲֮һ㣬ĵķȥϵĳһ㣬
ԭʮһȴͻȻסˡ
վԭأһ
˻ǲҪʲôʱȴ³һѪ˺üڵء
ɲǣղŻڵԭʮһɣһ˲ͱɥ֮Ȯ
ܶ཭ѹͲ׷ʲô¡ֻɣʦҪȥȻͻȻѪˡʲôʱ㿪Ƕ
ΨгЩ˵ģղŵ׷ʲô顣
̨ϵĺŵҲڵͷлӤʲô
˳ʼˣ˿мԼһ⣬˿̹ʼԼܶùʼķô
֪ҵڣԭʮһɵɫѸٵĻҰȥ˿ѾЩͨûʲôˡ
ղųʼ΢һָѾڣ˿̣ڷɿţһʦ䣬ҪٻȥͲˡ
֪ʼֶЦֻҪˣͻ㡣ΪʦȻҪ衣
˵꣬ʼһķ΢΢ףʵڹԣ룬񹬵Ҳܺܿ췢ֵġ
ʲôң
һҧĸɹ·ҧʼĹͷ
ԭʮһǸճʦȲĴͽҳӡȴûڹı˵ʱ򣬺󱳴᲻ɪ
ʵҲԡ
һҲΪһֱվԱ߹۲죬ܿó
ԭʮһɣܳΪʦҲΪáȻʹ˵ԣڻˡ
˵ÿضôƷеΪĳȼǸָߡ
ԣԭʮһɾʦġ˵ǳʼһǴˣǺŵȫƴһģĹԣ˵Ҳܷɱ
ֻϧСڻbossɱҲȻ
¡һƤЦⲻЦĿŶԷִ󻰶˵ĳǳԱ˲ĵҹǲóˡ
͵ĳԱû¸ɰеûš
ʼҲ
ʧˣ¡
ʧĿɲֹһһĽɱﰲлȥ
лûʲôӳǾվﰲߡ
ˡ̫԰
һɻû˵
ȣɫ͵Ϊֹ峿λټд衣ֵǰѾԳе̩ɽˡ
񹬺ͺˣԭʮһʦҲ̸Ц书Ѿ߳˲֪١
ʵڿ£
ϳһѾǲ˼飬˿̾Ȼ
ںһϵҲδ̫Щ
ִᣬɶɵ³ֻ񹬺ͺ˻ˡ
ҲļȥǽҪ۵Ķ̫ˣڶҪȥúǽӦôǡ
ں֮䣬϶棬Բһ򵥵顣
аɵҲ硣뿪ʱɫۿɼء
һʦɿҲʲôô
켫̺滨ɲ˸ǽŲ鸡
ǵҲ书žͺˣ
ŵˣûɵľЩ䡣ǺܿͽָԺ
ҹĻҪѰӤ㣨죩·
һл˻ص䣬񹬵Ǿʶ˳ȥˡ
ⲻǲԡ
෴˵ʵ̫ˣ
ۣ컹һӲ̣лҪս̫ңô찡
ôأлǸˣ
˵ǸҲδ̫Ҫˣлϱ
ǣ˫̥Ҳûôġ
֮ͥ±¶ݣý˷л˵лԺÿγţ˶ҪǲǱˣ
ôûһ
񹬵ʮҪսȥһĶǲǰһﴫһǶһطţ
ǲΣֻʧ뿪
ӣֻǹһ¹ͳϵĸˣ޸֮СŮܹʲô˼أ
һϸϸĽлᶴʱʱֱȻȻ˼¡
ʲôлᶿЦãоԼϵ⣬ڱһȥļ顣
Ҽһ¡һͷҲ̧˵
ܹлģﰲȷо֮šлᶸ̾ѣǲϤҵˣµȷֲ֮Ĳ𡣡
Աÿ˰һ˼Ļش
ҷȷһ飬Ǹл㣬ҲԶԶȲ㡣۾Ӹ촽ҲͣƤ⻬Ҳ
һû˵꣬лѾĺߣֱһ졣
ⶼ˵ʲôʲô
лᶶ֪˵ʲôڣһôӦԣ˼ϣолˣ
ȵȣ㿴ǲ̫ϸˡл΢΢üǵúô
ûǴĻһлǹӴɽܳġ
ⲻ뻹ãһ룬лᶾ;Լûа취Ȼ֮ˡ
һлɫ仯Ҳһ
˵ˡ
ֻǼǵһĻشַðƷһ۾ܿĲ𡣡
ô
лЩɡ
Ȼһæȣңʲôˣ㻹ô
лɫҺ㲻ʲô˼¿˶ϸµģصл·ʱѾˡ
ǣ̸ˣôϲ˵ô
һͷûºö˶˵ʲô
ǴεòȷơһҪ֮ضɴϣ˫Ҳûʲô̫ˣҸղſôϸʵΪȷ£֮ǰʱҸûע⡣
Լϴ׵صҪһ΢ĴϴĴ󣬴Ӷصתơ
Ϊ˱αҸӵαǰɡ
һлᶻ˼֮ʣлᶵĲϺݺݵһڡ
ָݮȡ


95
ִĵڶ죬лᶲˡ
һȦĺӡӣǳţҲҪ۹ʱִ¾ͽвȥˡ
Щһһҹĳɹ
ʱ䳡϶ԣһţҪлᶵ·ǹˡ
һ񹬵ӶŶأ
лᶲòԼ˺üĵĵҩ㽫Լаѹȥ
ڵ˺ҹлᶡ֮һЩʲԸİ
ûϵ·Ѿѵˡ
ܹʱ
˳㣬عɰĵطҲһݮأ
´ξͽʧ
ڶлᶿžԼġ״֪Լ˳ǳȥˡ
ҩڣҩҲҪʱ䰡
֮ǰлᶿɴûԼҪõ˺۵ҩۡ
⣬һȥ񹬵ĵӶҪлᶺһġսﻹ䰡
ĵģɲʲôִᣬǹлϵʲôʱܹСԼǵĸ鵽ô᲻ֱʵȵȡ
ҪҲһһֱ֣Լӵݵлǰ
лᶲ£ʺʺǺۣһĲϿ˵ǽһƬ
һѩ׵Ĳӣлᶻ
ֻлƺ뵽ʲôסˡ
ڲʱ򡣡лᶰæһ·ãЩɳƣִĵڶ죬񹬺ͺĵӶϳҲҪֵʱ򡣡
ԣһͱȽҪˡ
˽棬񹬱ѾɳԿˡһ⣬лᶻҪһһ롣
ȻлҲûֲݮľ
ֵĲãȡ
Ͼûɶ顣
һҲйϵͳѧܹĲӶ
ǲǲᰡһĴлᶵϿһ㶫
лᶸһ·ֶʱӲ֪η
ֻĬϡ
֪Ȼʹ꣬˹һлᶵ֣Щ⣬Щġ
лĿɰ
Ͳᣬװô񣬲㽫Ūȥ
лᶲ֪˵ʲô
⻹һһá֪ơƺоЩ֡
ԸһСлߡлҹ㡣
֪֣̫˽ˡ
ף
лͻȻʶԼ뷨ƺе㲻ԡ
ѵţԼָô
лᶲ˳˼֮С
úóûѧһѧҶЩ汣㡣Ҫ˸Ҷ㶯֣㲻ҪЩҩҲҪ˼޹ԸһҲܷŹһ֪ôһ
лᶵҩˮƽŵùġ
ΨһŲģлᶵʱʥķҩЧǿģ˻ᡣ
Ҳ㡣лᶴӳ˼лعԼ̬ȡ
ֻһˣΪ˿ǡ񲻽ϵԼһգ»ֱвһ񹬡
лᶲðա
ʵõİ취һлЯ
Ҳֻα겻α
Ϊлкһֿʱ
ôڷֿʱЩͼлᶶֵˣ׳Ե˿ͷܽЩѧԡȻԶǰ̣˲ð
лᶣһ㰲˲٣ĵĴӷ˳ȥ

ƺܸ˵ӡ
ףлôûг

һӵϣҪһʱһĻش
ǻ˶ľ֣Ĺͳϵ׽˶ٴμҵսԼǵ׻ʲôʱȵȡ
עʮӴ󣬼
ҹҹлӤźŵҪл˵񹬵ǺԺȰˡ
ЦлϵãҲԲʱȥŹĺ£
лϻϢǼҽջϷأ˿лҪʲôٶȸͽȥһɨһۣô
ˣ
ˣ죬ʱͷҪӡһӣл׺ߡ
񹬵붮
ǹ
ʵºóҩšһӧҪҸлϲ
书ǿ˫ԣ˫ǸɶȽлģҲ֪вС
ҪǲУܾҪȥұСˡ
ҩôһĿ˿˵ĵӣҼסˣһ£ܿͿóˡ
ģӴϲ֪Լ϶ڹˣԺ˵ҲҪΪĸˣһѧϰҩࡣ
šһ΢΢ͷȥѩǣƵĳš
ִе˵ڶ죬Ǿͺʶˡ
񹬺ͺڣûһȥġ
ֵĳ̩ɽΪʲôҪӦǰִ᣿ǰȫһ
лӤ˿£ûпԼֳǺǸðƻվﰲߣʵڰۡ
ǣ浱лˣ
лӤ΢˼ȥ֣¼δ
Ǽӵ飬֣¼ξѾ˻ظ
ܿ죬ھֵҲж
˺ܿ췢˽ھֵ춯
ĳ̩ɽĵ뿪̨£⣬ϲķ·Ҫȥɹ١
ԭվλãȡ֮һ׵Ĵˡ
СŮִᣬв֮λлӤ΢΢ǷȴǸû˷Ļᡣ
лӤݲǸʲô˲õܣֻ֪ǲ˵ڰˡھֱĳֺ͢ϵǳ˵˭ҳ飿
ˣлӤΪֵ£Ǻľ˳ɹˡ
СӶȥˣԼ˼˼ҲðæųӰ
һŤͷ˿ߵĵӣѯʵ˭ȥģ
ٵԾԾԡ
Ȼٶȴ˶졣
˿̴Ůװ˿ûʲôΥ͸УҪȥ
ӿҪϣĬĬһ
Ǵʦŵˣǿɲʦ㡣书ҲǿǾͲҪȥˡ
ҪȥһССľһ£漴뵽滨ɲ˻ںǱţ̨ǶһҲʧΪһĿ
Ͼһڻڵ滨ɲء
УȻϣȥɡֻʤܣҵ˼
ġ˸һԾϣɾ䣬û˿ڡ
νппŵ
չʾṦȻƲ϶ôΪˣֻһƺͺ֪ڹ
֪ݵʼǲ࣬ɵſİŮвɸ̾
񹬣˽ܵ顣һӶ书ʵڽۡ
Ȼʲô书طɣȻǵӵ书һߵأ
һĸ
ȻȥˣҲóˡʼȻݵġ
滨ɲĸɲĸ֮һĸҲ̹ԣֱ̫ʵǺҪɵġ
ϧʱĸ̽ûҪĻͥ뷨ĵˣĸҲֻ취ˮˡ
ţضĸ󻼡ܵͬ飬ֻǵˡ
滨ɲɱɫЩѿ
书Ƕ֪֮ǰǰȥΧԼ۽
̨һһ֮У˭ܿ⣿ܲܽɲ󣬺Դɣ
ˣҲӱܲ˵ġ
滨ɲһɱû֮ǰϰˣԱӵȵȣѾµġˡ
ͽ̡µӲͷƤֻڴԼԶһҪ̫ѿ
̨ϣɱԼסһûġ
ڲ֪ĽУԵ滨ɲ̫Сˡ
ֻһͨӣ滨ɲɱֶˣǲ̫۸һ㣿
ǰС￴ᣬ滨ɲɱֿǲġ
񹬹ţ滨ɲӦҲ̫֡
ɸɱ־͹ˣ滨ɲ㲻Ҫ棬а

̨Щ滨ɲ˸ŭԡ
ȵ̨Ǹ֣Ǿ֪Ǵжô˺
ҪƣǼֱҪȥȺŹ
΢΢ȭ˸ʽֱӹ˹
һԼ˿ǣڵǶúѧŵһදûУ޶ȵıĴ򶷷ʽʺŮӡ
ǡ񹬵Ƿ׷׵ͷ
򶷣Ƶһܡ
ɱְҵԹޱҲƵһֱزȱԼˢʱֵġ
Ȼ˹Ҳв١
ɱ̨ͬбɱÿһмǳŶȥս֮ң̨µѻȸ
ɵųǣɫˡ
Ů¾滨ɲ
Ϊõһһʽ滨ɲ˼һģһָֻ죬ʽͰˡ
滨ɲҲ֪ģԲŽԼɱҲȥ
Ľ˶û֨
ҲԼʵҪ滨ɲֵĻǻֻйԹԱɱ
ǣ滨ɲô£ôɱ֣Ȼ񹬸ˣǿɱ֯бǮôԼıǮøأ
һƶֵţȻ̨
ԺҲֻܵɱˡ
ڣ
һûһԵϢһѾƽ
滨ɲֻȥǵɲ
ɲԾɴߣ뷨
ģȥ
㵽ɱ亹ˡ
ղžһǰ֮Ҫȥˣ³϶Ҳá
Ҫǲȥȥ䣬ɲ߸Ӳ׷Ź
Ȩ຦ȡᡣ
ֻƴˣ
ҧҧﲻϸԼ͹ľȥ
һֱ̣
˦˦֣ĵһ
˵ǰʮ㡣
̨µ񹬵ǼЩסˡֻǱʦһɨ׷׽Լ뷨
סǲ˯˯һᱻʦ׷ɱġ
ĺδ޷ݣڴʦǽǣ
ѩĬĬǰһһԼȨ
ķ˭Ҳ
һһ滨ɲɱֱ̨֮滨ɲҲعζˡ
ڱ
Ҫڴ֮ͥ£һ滨ɲϣ
ɱֱͲóϵϰ䰵Ṧ׿Ⱥ̨ϣзṦĻ᣿
ôȥ滨ɲܴɱֶҪûˡңˣ滨ɲɱǵ书·ҲҪ̨µʿˡ
Ǿʹ䣬滨ɲԺҲڽϻˡ
ɱ֯þӦñӱڹ컯֮ˡһ˵ô򵥵ĵʵǽ⡣滨ɲμִᣬ˺ĵչһôûС֪λһֱߵ滨ɲɲܲΪҽأ
ǵģһɣ滨ɲɲˡ
Ҳǽ̶·֮һˣðƷɴ·ʲôġ˵ͺó
ʽڽ¶֮ʱɵ˶ַɣУ滨ɲɲɱϮɲ֮غ滨ɲҲʼϴ
ǸʱɲѾأ
˭Ҳ޷֤µˣǲ滨ɲɲô
Ҳڲ֮̽󣬲뷨ġ
ǴΪ棬ձɽ滨ɲӽϳĨȥ
ʱ滨ɲ⣬͸쵱Ƹɡ
лŸԼĲϷһҩࡣҩЧ˵ãֻһʱ䣬ϵĺѾ˲١Աһӵʢ籭ˮн
¾һεķҩ춼ǲܳż˵ġ
лᶵָԼϵǺۣƺܸоһ֮ǰʱȶȡ
뵽лᶵĶĺЩ
ǰлңҲֳ׵Ҳĺۼδʲôԡ
ֻһۼˣȻͻˡ
۳Լлᶲ֪ЩĿҲҪŵˡŻΪҫɡ
лᶲǺȥҫ
һѾ㹻ã书еȨߵۡ
Ǵ˿̣һҪȥȢҹ±ڿ񹬴֮ҲӦ
һʵףû˸棬¿˵֮ꡣ
֮£лᶵĽ߸Ͳʲôˡ
лҲǸʥˣԼѵĺãԼ֪С˶֪һãôҲ͸ˡ
һ˵Ҫԡӣлᶻǵ
Ǹʱ򣬾һӦԼֻһϲ㲻ر
ǵĸ飬ȷϵ֮ŷٽġ
ҲлһֱûмźһϴҪԭ֮һ
ΪһʵתǺܽġ
ѣϲҲ룬Խ硣
ѣôǣӵͶǿԵģҲǿԳԵġ
ʽķأ֮䣬ܹǲǻࣿ
һߣ̫̫Լ֪ջҪģлᶼûʲô취Ҳʯٰˡ
лᶾƲˡ
ʶǰڣлᶲŻһֱ
ȡ
˵ôЩ꣬ȻҲҪĵֶ֤һȤ
ʵĺܡ
лֲòˡ
ֻҪȫȷһ֮ǰһֱþһ֡ʸСܹΪȡٶһʱ䣬þһϲˡ
ᣬףԴףЩҩһǸֶΡ
ҪɡлᶿžԼЩԥ
ҲǾһԼϲ֤
û뵽Ҷʮ㡣ЩǺۣ˲ʱɡ


96
ˮ书ƹ񹬵ǵ߽뵽лᶵҵһ㶼ѡ
ˣлᶶˮĳ֣ȻЩȣܿ
һǲһЩĶȻǰ̵ĳˮҲǱˣвûжٲ
ǰȻһˮĸףлᶶٻǻڵġ
ˮ˵һǰҲȻ
лᶻعͷˮӡ
ˮˮҲ
û磬ˮòܶȻԼɵУЩÿϲĵǣϵŮ˾͸ϽӣӲڵϴŪˣҲͲᱻˮˡ
лҵûȥˮֻлڽߵʱһĽߵĲѣ׷׸лˮĻ񣬽ú÷񹬡
Ǹʱлô֪ԼһȻҪأ
ˮᣬ˵ЩĹˡ
Ǻһվһ𣬿²ĸףһԽܡ
ңòϣ̬ˮҲŮûκ
ϸ룬Ҳ⡣
һұȱóأȥԸ֮⣬඼Ϊȡ
лᶵĸףΪŮӣŮոһյϡ
ˮȴͬ
ӳڣҪļûеòģҲ̾ͻữΪжһֱῡӽʸʧȥѰһ
Ϊ˼£ƫƫò书δȥ֮ʱͳΪʦ书òҲϱᡣ
ûܹѣΨһԼµĺӲŮ
ˣȻġ
ģǡ
ԼˮˣȻһһĵˡ̯ˮĸףͽʮͷˡ
ֲҶϲ㡣ˮлᶵò֮۾ȻϵҪÿĶࡣ
ôӣӢġġġġģйлᶣµ͡
ӰһӣϤȥһ˵ò
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ǰרΪ˵Щôл侲ѯʵһΪǰʱҴߡ
ǿԣҵҲôˮɨⷿĸɫ¯µһҽķ䣬Ҳ
ˮȻаԵȴҲ
ֻûӣһͽԼˡ
лᶳĬһ΢΢һЦ
ķǲͿ԰Ȼġ
ȻˮûҪĴ㣬лᶵҪû˽һˮĴ㡣
ƣ֪֪˰ս
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ֶ˵ףҪôΪ飬ҪôΪҪôΪ
ĳʱᰮĳ˰ʹ಻Ҳⲻǻһˡ
ߣ㹻ǮơȨҲԽתΪϲ
лᶸһߣ϶Ҳ̰ͼĶ
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Ȼлʹһе֪ˮ˵Ը񣬵ˮӴһ˵ĻҪӲ֮ʱлвɷ˶Ծһ
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ŻһһҶȵʱȴֿʼָա
ĸӣ˵ĸӣǳˣûʲôġ
֮ǰҵҲǰһĸģˮֱԲ䣬ϾлڽǳƣʵʾȻǸġ
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ȻǵĸҲῪʼ̵Ϊ񹬵ӵֹء
Щк񹬵ӣЩкҲԼҵĸǳѧϰֻ뿪񹬵ʱҲȥһԼĸס
ԽȱʲôǾͻԽĿʲôҲȥֺԼĸףȥȡһİ
һĺӡ
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ʼѧ·ʼˮʹûмһԼйκζĸ顣
ʱżȥ̨Ǳ߿һôʱΪһһĿʱ򣬵õֻǸĳ
һǿĸףֱͿ·ߵʯͷûκ
ˮô裿
Ϊʲô㲻ܺͱĺһҵǰҵľˣֻ߸ɴһ㣬ԼһŮӣЩ̨СһŮװȥԼĸ׿ģ
ˮƽеĴܣӡ
أ
ڵһֻСʱҪᣡ
ǰǶĿһСͷˡڣȴԶȨΪ֮Щ񹬵ӣҲֶκƭȰҪĸУúúһƽ
ֱЦ
ֲϵĶãƾʲôҪλһ
ܻ֮ôܡ
ڣһȴˡ
лᶣ²ôһǰҲ˵ԼʲôûˮҲ֪ԼΣҪӸϽлᶶأ²̫ܡ
Ҳûʲôϵ
ֻҪܹлᶴһĵĻͲ⡣
һôҲʮ»̥ĺӡлʵڼˮһ¶̬
ˣΪʲôҪĸ˵ִ
ԣǺúõĻôôˮƽĿлᶣҹҷЩˣһǱĸЩ帾ΪǮƿŮӶʳұǶãҲĮˣûкûнʳĳ󣬶ʶ֣ϰϰ䡣ŻرҲͰˣҵĶʲôһţ㱾Ӧҵģ
ˡлᶼˮҲûпأҲ΢΢һ̾
Ҳá
һˮֵʱ򣬲в̺ͺڡ
㷴ĸԿݵҲһΪТֵġ
ǲһ
һӦþӦ⣬ԽŪڹ֮еġ
ȷ档ˮһ䣬Ҳ֮ǰСĽģʱˣҩѾûˣ
лɫ΢䣬뵽ʲôһ㣬ѵɽѩ
˵ٷ֮ٵҲаٷ֮ʮС˵Ʒһֲ
ǽⶾʥƷŮϣҲǽƾӰ깦Ĵҩ
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һҲʹлᶣɽѩǲС˵дǰ棿룬Ҫ֪ûЧʲô
ҪĲҲȥժ䰡
лᶵʱҲʵشˣɽѩϡ٣Ҷֻڹֻô֪
ңҪȥֻʣֻҪʶֿӵģ֪
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ԸЯ֣ҩı˫ʦҲδץס㣬ˣȻҪȫ׼ġˮüĿ飬Цĸ⶯ˣ࣬Ϊ˵ȷⷿҩʧȥЧðˡǹһֱӺߣҪֱӽأ
Ϊ£ѪлᶵɫΪѿԾɱ˷ȣǰǱסİɡۣͬ뻢ıƤ
ҲȽһǡҪԭкɣˮռֱָӷסлᶵȴûǰ
֮ǰǧҪл֮ڣΪľлԼϸʲôֵҩ
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ǰǵˮ¶л΢΢̾ҲգұǰһˡֻΪһΪҷ񹬣ǲܵġ
ֻҪܹǣסҲ͹ˡˮ¶һ˿֮ɫֱӴţлʾ߰ɡ
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񹬵Ǽֱ֪ôźá
֪ԼӦҪȥлϣǾԲϹĶ֣ңҲöϹְ
Ǹӻʱ˵һˣΪĴˡҪлᶺˣ֮ʱʮİͤšǲ͵ʬգˮƳһЩЩӣԽ
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ˮֻӳһ籣л䣬ԼŰ籵һͷֱṦлԶȥ
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ʱǰ
ͣһŲˮųʼȥ
Ӯԭʮһ֮ںʽ¶Ҳ䣬˶ǰ;
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ͣҪ֪֮ɹĻ˴˿̶˲赹ˮĻơ
ȻˮǸɸɾġ
Գʼı£ҪڲˮҩлҲûšϾﰲúõڳʼء
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ЩֻڳʼԣҲ˿
ָͣһһԲСֱ͵ӽŵ¡

˿̴ҵ񶼷ڱ߹ɱϣע⵽һССӣ
вˮ̾ͳųʼ˹ȥ
ʼٶٿ죬ҲϾŵġ
ԤԼѵصӻὫˮԼأ
ԸʼĴˣ̫ɵļıЧġ
׾ӵġֲڵġֻΪ˽עƬתƵСǺá
С˵ӾŮǣҲᱻּƭɼּǰ԰顣
ûܹӵù·ħ䣡
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ʼ뿪᳡·ʪɱ¡
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ڽһ죬ѩǻԱػ
ǳʼ벻ҪһȻǿԺ׾ͺƹȥġ
ٲãҲбİ֡
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лӤôλãڵġ
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һһʼǼٵģǳʼ۾;ˣǳʼδˡ
һɲһڵ෴߻ô˲š
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ϾӢۣʼ㸴ˣһʱʱжôܲأ
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̣Ҫıǲ֪ôдҲ룬ҪΪ߳ôʱ뿪лأ
ԭһţˮδػϵҪװлᶳܣһԴʲôġ

а
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ԣһĺ˵һ䣬ˣʱˡ
ڵĽͲǵͳεʱˡ濧Ӧʵʵĵ濧ǹҪҵⲻǹô
ģһ˿ﻹЩССź
ϣ΢ŵľһ㣬Ҫ̫ͱŪˡȻ⽭ûʲôĶ֣Ǹöô¶
һ룬Ժ˴ſԸĸ֡
ͽܡ


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Ͽһĸ𣬿ͽȫ߽硣סˣҲͨ˴磬һ书ûС
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ˮΪ㾫ĵ壬Ϻϲʣ

Щһˮ꺮ů˼¡
ֻȥˮģ۾ȴϵĳлᶵķƳ
лᶻǵһ̵ᵽʲôĿ絶
ĿԻΪʵʣǵѾ㹻Լǧˡ
ֻǾ֮ͣǲ˵ġˮЩֺԼӣֿԱ߲ץ֮ҲûʲôٶлᶣʱЩСгЩζһҪǹһ㣬ȻȥϢɡ
ˮ˶ץˣʲôҪ±ǸҪ
Ҫǽһ㰡
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лᶼֱҭ
㿴ǵӣŵЩС檣ˮתͷлⲻɽģеԽ⣬ҲܴģǿֻʣҵʱǾͻȻȻı䱿˻ŮˣֻҪȦͻӡ
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лᶲûԼЦݡ
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Ȼֶˮ𾪲ѣ˹ŹֵĹƳ棬ôû˵
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ѩҡͷȻС˸ʺ䣬ʺõģǧһ
񹬵ΪʲôôغӸ׵ĸǣΪӵĻĺӸͲʺ
෴Ǻӵĸ׸ǳɫôĺܹĿԾҪöˡ
ҲΪʲôϲԵʡ
ΪҶ֪ͽܣҪյġ
ԣ滨ɲɲΪʵԼҰģ͹ȥЩֻй޴ǼҵʿǷкӣӸΣɱ˶ӣ
⻰һסˣ滨ɲЩɱǣҲסˡ
ҲΪ˸ԲŻǱԭǳӣΪ˲˻ɣס˹ƳʴǿиıԼò϶ԼϴʮʹޣΪұҪܽ滨ɲɲɱ𣡡
ƺã϶Ц㱾Ӧŷġ໨ŷĸס
໨ŷ䣿
֣óֱվ
ĸǽһʱŮȴӢδ֮ʱСôҲ˵ӵĸ˭
㻹м䣬͸üǵĸһ֮ʱ滨ɲɲǾѣһšֻĸһչˣԾͶ֡
ĸס˽һ棬Ҫܣɲô㲻ͽЦϰˡ


100
һʱҲ룬Լǲе̫һ㡣
ϸһԼߵˣһģ塣
ŵµľͲ˵ˣ·ҪԼһţӦѾ켫̵ĽˡлʵҲּ֮󷢷ͼǿϮ·ͣȻȵϮģҲ൱־ģ͵Ĳɻ͸˵ˣٸС˵Ƕԣ
û뵽ǣҪ·ɱȻҲִһ·
ȷִĵطȷģǶ˵ȥ
һö֮ߵٵġһԱߣȻúŵļʾվ
ˣ̫ˡŵһһڴ
ʵǲˡ
ʵ̫ˣôңܻˮֻǼٰһСʱѣѾˡ
ô£ôͻȻ˸ĸף
滨ɲɲôͻȻֱɼٵˣ
̫ˡ
֣ôҵô
ˣȥϢɡһŶĳʼüһˣҲ̫ġߣʲôġ
ȷôʲôġ
ֱֲһһҵĶܿˡ
С¶ѣܵסġ
ԭӦŷôԭΪûֵġ
ɱҲ֣иźžͲˡ
ԭ룬ȵԼѩɻ飬ʱæȡһ־ˡ
Ӧýŷ϶ЦΪĸǰ㡮ӦϣһƽƽİɡǸ˵ĸ飬ʱҰĸʬģʬҰ
㵱ʱҲڣǲҲˣ
ǿûС϶ʾԼף֪ģǱҪǲȥɱŮ˵ġ˵ˣ㿴֪ĸʱҲʮ꣬ոѧ书ĸ׵Ķ֣Ҫ֣Ҳֻܹ̫ãǸӣΣɲ̫ĺ
Ĭ
أѩŲױ϶˵ͲΪɲ㶯֡Ϊɱ𣬾ҲҪġ
Թ֣ûʲôܺú˵أ϶̾˿ƺЩ⣬ˣܺһɡǻ滨ɲãҲԶԶļһۣôһ˫˫ɣҺ֮ǰĳԹҲûصһĵزҪԸ⣬ҿ滨ɲɲ֮λôһ滨ɲĸɲǿҲѩ񹬴ӵݡˣȫ
Ҳ϶˿Ը˵Եɡ
ԭҪнµġϧǸԽǸʱɲûվǲļֵѾǸɱֶˣ񹬵ˡã񹬵ѩ졣
ǳ˵ƾʵҲһġ
ǣ˵ĵɡ⼸Ҫƾܵѩ컹δ˺޳֮ˡ
˫ȻȴҲɱҡôȥҲֻܾ˰ˡ϶ԼĻʲô⣬ңҲԸĸ˭ѵ֪ô
ѩ˵һ䣬ֲҪ޶Ҫʲô¾Ʋô
Ҳ֪񹬵Ĺǲһġ
ûйĸ֪Լи׻ϣ᲻Ҫһأ
鷳
Ҫǹ¶ͺˡ
ܹ໨ŷ䲻ҪҲҪºӵˣڽϵλͰɡһ˵ֻҪҵŷߵýӣųҵġ㲻˵ǲҪæ
ôϢҪ֣
Ҫȥʲôɲ
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˼
ļǮ
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ˣûôˡ
Ǯ˵϶һ΢΢֣ͬĲرͼһţиǮֻҪǮʣʲô˵أ
ҲһͷֻҪ滨ɲ⣬ֻҪ㽫⽻˵飬ҾͿһ¡
϶ϵЦݶʱһ
ԼҪҵء
˵֪֪ҲΪһͽ滨ɲôģΪҪ滨ɲô
ѩ˶ڶ϶Ĵ𸴡
ǺôθڡòǳȥһȦֶ˰ɡʼзȵĿһҲû¶ʲôܻӡ
һĿ֮º͡ݵġ
ˣûһ˸Ҷ˵һ֡
ʦ
񹬹
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ȷʵһɷнµĵͷθڲôܹأ룬θҲСѲɣ滨ɲ⣬ͲҪɸʦȥ滨ɲðɲĪĳ滨ɲûͷ֮ˣ
һǲҪ˭ӣǿһӶ
˵Цˡ
ͳ㣬ҿǴ˵Цġһ֣ҵĳ⡣
ǰôûз֣һ˵ô˺أ
ʼĥֱһ໰
ѵͲҪ֪ĸ˭϶Ŀɨȫⳡ֮СΪٻֱңѵҪļҵǷĸ׵ģҪһһֻֻҪԸ⣬ҿ԰㡣
϶óѩĹġ
ֻҪԼԸ⣬һҲܵôˣĸԸɡ
ѩҲ̧ͷĻش
лӤ΢΢üȴǲɫ
Ǽӵ˽ӣΪʲô鶼ó
ȻϤѩ컹ЩøеġѡˣѩԸ񣬲ԭ¡
ʱҪôοѩأ
ˡ˼Ƭ̣ǸԼĻش𣬡񹬵ˣƾնһףֻǸԼ鷳ˡˣҲԸ⿴ôһɱּ֣񹬵ӵĶӣ
Щ£Ǹǰѩ뷨
ҪǶһףҪ뿪ѩ죬ֻǻѩ֮ʲôӰĻָף粻ϡ
޸ĸˣܹø־Ͳ
ĸŷ䣬ȻѡԼաŷζҲǸ˳ʲôϵĸȪ֪ԼΣֻῪĵĻԼȥһĺס
һԸġ
£һɳƵֱڳ
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̰Ŀǰ޵ˣûȻĺӣ
ϸŮװ磬Ҳȷ͵ŷмơ
ֻһֱΪСӦü޸˱ˣҸͻȻ֪ŷ֮仹иӣ
ҡҵʱˣ֪㡣һǰʣϴԶ׼ĺںͰգԸԸȢǸʱҳɺˣʦزֻܳе𳤷ɵ鹡СĸףɱҳһϣҵʦҲԸȢҷģҪô뿪ɣҪôһҡһôСʦʦǣ¼ſڣôߣ
ߣֻܹŷ䡣
ŷ˳Ҳû䣬ҲóȻȥҡŷѾˣܲˡ
ԽĳԽ˭ýлֻҪڳ֮ҵһӣ֮λȥ󣬱԰ĵļԼʦˡ
˭뵽Сôң
ԼӣҪȵôɱ֣񣬻ҪΪԼûиεĸףôһСвأ
֪㣬Ҳߵġݺᣬҿôô
ţ
ţ
ɵӼͬһʱ亰Լš
ǵҲʮָӡ
ͻȻһӣӻǿ󣬵ݱôӣ׾µİ
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ɿǵôǲӣҲδ̫һЩ
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׵ˡ
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ɴ״ˡ
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ⲻԼ״ᣬȻ϶ҪεĽֺͷٵء
ˡ
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ӣҲǺܲ׵İ
ڳɣ
ЦڽȻʵҲŵϺţҪȥ̳гɣѩô죿
лǲкӵģԺ⹬֮λҪѩģ˵Ҫѩĺӣ
ʲô֮λδ񹬹๫λøǰ;ɡ
һʮĶԱȵ
ѩ֣һеıʾܾ
ʮָӡ
ͻȻ˸ʵǡ
żˣʱ١
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һֿţҲǰζʮ㡣
ȣڲܿϷ̫ˣҪ֣֡
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ŸмĿһһۡһ˵˽¡ǲ׷˼Ҳ˽úúԼĺӽܹģһ
Ҳɲ١
ڴ֮ͥ½Լ˽³˵ʲôģȷʵĸԡ
ҲǷ׷״ĹѪعִᡣ
ִֵ̫ˣС˵ûôʡԺˣⳡִỹΪ˿еĳ̸ֻǵʱЩֻᱻʲôʵİ汾Ͳö֪ˡ
϶Լװ˵ô࣬ȻҪѩҲЩ޿κΡ
ѩһԱ򣬾ͺĹһ෴Ѿûʲô־ˡ
ҪƴһҲ˵ô໰
̬ϵĲ죬ľ;ⳡԵĳɰܡ
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ⱾӮġ
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϶ˣҲɱ㡣ջؽ϶˵ⲻΪ˵ҲΪҺ֮ǰꡣֻΪһ˵öԣǲɱ֣Ҳֻһ滨ɲӹӹµµɱְˣ죬ҲҵԼҪʲôӲ֪Լ죬Ҵˡ
һϿ϶ĺʵǿ
ֻҪһˡ
˶Թտԭ㣬Ҳۼ֤³ٿǲԭ㡣
϶еʧϣѾݻΪʦľ
Ҫˡ
һڲҪʦľе䣬Ժֻܿűˣѩһˡ
ɱԶԶҪõöࡣ
ټˣ϶һΣҺ滨ɲˡ˵ôһ䣬ǰδеɡ
滨ɲվʧˡ
Ҳѩһ̨ͬϷ£һȭ
ţòһҲҪˣϻֻ¶һ΢ЦݣǶԤһ㡣
ϲŭɫǸĪĴҷ緶
ƺǺġѩ֣һȤղſǺһӮʦ
ԼʦӮˣ˵˾Լڵڱס
ҲŮӣҲǻ˵ġ
ǵȻġһȻ˵ģˣִᵱ׵buffӳɣƾˣҲֻиǵķݶǣϷݶҪŲ
һ϶ֶûеĻɫҪ䣬Ƿת·
˫赣޵С
ҲưҲơ
ԣ̨ˡ
㲻ɽҪúûȥǡһǲεֻͣϻǫ䣬ǴһʦʲôĵģʲôʱǴңǿĵʱ򡣡
ҪҲ̫ˡѩ΢΢죬ǻúŬġ
лӤ˿ϣѾŮװĺŵҲص󣬾֮ǰ뿪һ˷֡
ִʹ˽һ죬λ׼лӤָλ뾡˯þɡ
ι㶼˵ˣǻô˯


101
һִˡ
һԴʮֿأܵˮѺлᶵķ˯ʾԼĽš
лᶣ
ձִһաǰ˵ԽǵĹؼʱ̣ԽҪôлӦﰲһͬˮˣȻԲţҪլȥ
ȻҲסˡ
룬Ƿסˡ
ֻһ֪лһĽѨָơʱڱס˶ãܳȥлᶽΧ
ôĵҲסҪ˯һö֮лᶵĴϣЦеĿлᶣңĹѾĹˣǽʱѩǰɣ˶ŵģҲʱ򵱵ġ뿪ǲ̸ĸӷһЩ
лΪĿһһÿôЦʱ򣬵ڶ춼ʲô·
һֻո͵ȵèԼצӣĲ⡣
һлᶵĻһҭôڶѧˣҶʲôû˵ء
߳īߺڣҲƽʱǰ˵̫ˡлش
ȥһЩѶĴʻ֮⣬һ˵һЩֻֻҪöˣʱﾳҲܲ³˼
лᶵļֺܺá
ȵʼһĺ֮ȥ˼һǰ˵Щܶණˡ
һ˵ν·νɣƺеһЩ¡
Щ¾ͳҹ޹Ȼ֮ģ֮ͻȢһ߹֮Ůȵȡ
һе·ƺġ
ôһȣܶҲӭжˡ
ֻҪڻǳңһк˵һĸӣֻǿлЦЦ
лôôõĶѧ̫õĶѧһһס
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ڻлѾǵһʣǴ⣬Ҳ˼ˣ룬ҾڻӦҲе·
Ҫ水·Ӧñҷȥ˯һˡһԼտյĴ齣ʱ
ȡ·л̲סǰһЦЦ
¿ˣԽԽ
һлԽԽеԳ
ѲлͨҪɽˣҲǲܣϾлᶶˮֻ޶ȵˣ϶Ҳе뷨ɡ
ۿлᶳԼԽԽȻڴϰһվ
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ȻһϾͱһзıӡ
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˳һͷһף컹ӲҪ򣬲ҪˣϢԡ
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ˣúϢҪһʱĳɰܷϡ滨ɲֻҪȵסһʱǲʲôġ
ˣǳʼ֪ԼĸˡոսʦĴۣԺܹ
񹬻Щ̫ڡлӤҲǰ񹬵ġ̲סԵ
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⽭Ψһһλʦ֣¼εɽѰˡ
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ŲҲΪУͺسɴķһת۾ȥԶ

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СӣʲôƺҲǼСĿ㼸ˡղ֣˵ĻҲȫš⽭թ㷽ҵǳǳ¡
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ϣܹĳһǷ켫ˣһҪһ㡰աԲǡˮһ̫ףʦ׶̫ףϧġ
ڵĹһˮĶӡֻǹϹ죬ΪǫƺʩͬµһҽһͬƵҩ²Щ֮У񹬵ĵҩпڽԱһҩ󡣡ŵȫԼ˵ѣΪһô˵ġ
ңĵȷȷһԼŮˣ˵ٸ˶У͢һô˿ڣĵļҪּ͡
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ǹ书ʾսͻƣлµһҽһֱǹʦЩͽ֮ɲһŵһݡ
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رͼŵһ£ݲرͼһݾҵġǰղûϴҵȷһ켫̵ĹΪ常켫̵ĸʱ常
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ڶûл꣬ʣأ
ɵݲرͼֵȫǣ񹬸İɡ֪Ļ٣Ҳ֪֣¼εô˵ģƶûʲôû
ҪǱˣȥҹ鷳̫ԩˣ
ŵԼһί
ΪˮźɽŲȣȻִֵõٰ͢죿
˻棡֮Ī֣¼δ٣ʱ˺ŵĻʿҲҪ͢ϽȻﻹԣ
̲ϴҲǵġǹ˵ˣ񹬲ԭɣǳ͢Ĺܡʲôʱƽˣ˵͢ͽĹϵɡйĵطаǻΪ㣬ͨ˵ĵطֻ鷳ѵǳ͢۶ൽץˣʲôʱˮɽ˵󻰡ֻһ׼ȥ·Ҫ˱Уŵ˵Ĳ˼
˵͢ᡭ
ܹ͢ձôΪԾȫɱˣֱֻӷؼ䣬ϰ˳׳ΪԴ֮ľ޸֮ˮ
Ժŵʣ֣¼׼һЩʱ˵ˡ
ôµ͢Ĵ㣿
һֱɱҪԾ󻼣ֻܻǵĸСλ´ʦǰǲܽ͵õ˵ʦһŭ֮¾ɱʹʱ˭ֹ
񹬸ԲرͼȤҲΪʲôֻҪúõǵң裬ùеÿ˶ܳԱϰ䣬ֵĹһӾСŵͬΪһĳʵ̫áˣôһӾҪһ㣬ʲôϵأ
һͷβû˵ҪΪôôֻ˵񹬵Ӷѡ񹬾Ѿ˴룬Ժ󻹻øá
񹬣Ϊֵı˵ģ
˼
Ȼȥɣִᣬұضǰ˫ִһʣۿϷͣ˵۹⣬ǹȥġ
˵գλʦʧӰ١
˳㣬ŵˡ
֣¼ɫ˵ðģҵĴ£
ҪǴʦվǱߣǻʲôѲɻǧƽЩɣ
ҪôˣҲ˵ʱٶңҲкɫ

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һ˸˯ޱȡ


102
һʱ򣬿л·Աߡ
ӣ֪лҹ϶ǾãҪ׽ֲҿߣֻܺ¶˯
ô룬лᶻеСɰ
ֲǰִʱ򣬺ܶӿһЩְҵˣа˰֮ķգһڵҲܹһΪĽΨԼȴֲòΪԵʶãеȤζּ仰ݣ
л˯ǳһ߹Ҳûа취˯ȻȵԼһѣܾڷıԵˡ
ˡлۣһɫ磬㻹ԶϢһ
ˡһҡҡͷΪʦ֮ҵľǰ˺ܶ࣬ҲʢˡңصִĻ᳡ҲҪһʱ䣬ҵߡ
лҲ׼ȴһúϢɣӾ֪϶˯ú˯һߵӦþͶˣĵҰɡ
һִᣬ˵ӦþϲϲǡлӣһͻȻãƽƽĶȹһлᶿɱȱȤˡ
ȵԼ˼
лֻýһĺ⣬һ·Сġ
ģҳԱˣûأ
һ˦ôһ䣬ɿ뿪лᶵס
˹Ȼǲ̫ݡ
˵Ϊѵ˻ûʦܳˡ
һһ߳Ǿ׼ͣһǵı棬͵ǲǰˡ
ʦһǰһ緹ĺŵǲ̫ȣ˵ӦþǰǸΨһ񻰣´ʦ˰ɡ
λʦ̫󣬱Ҳ̫ߣʵѾɿֻ֪ԡġԳƣƽʱ£ٲֽ֮¡Ҳд˵λʵڶǰˣڻŵĲǹ֮ͽ
Ǵʦŵ϶Һйһ֮Ե书ɲ⣬ǶԵУҳŲСδԴССѯʣȻҾͽȫıеҶ˵һ顣
ŵģ壬ѡ֮ӣµģһҪҵλ˵ټûаϡ
٣ҺԼ׼
ʿˣֻҪִģ϶ȵġⲻǡþײŵˣ
ɵƯһĵĿ佱˺ŵ䣬ûжǶԵģһ㶯֣Ҳûˡ
ǹλʦƺгɼ
гɼҲͻᶯ֡ʦػеġһ°ͣʷ˫ֵ˫˽˻ڽճֵϢȥȻִٿҪϢ˾֪
ǣȥ졣ʷ˫˳ȥ㹦
ŵȥӤɣҹ֣¼Ϊʧȥ˴ʦ֧֣ȥԺҪ÷ǳֶˡһ˼һ£öԷöñĿ󣬡űܶⶾȥҪˡǰӤǱߣκŮˣÿ
Ȼһ֣¼벻ҪҸ˺лӤ췹ӶвлӣǾͶˡ
Ҳûܡ
ãͻȥŵҲЩסˡ
ŶŷӦҲͳźúİɡ˵£͸˵Եһˡ
ǽɣŸϰߡЦȻ˵֪ԼҶԸĸʵû̫оҲѾҪĸذˡ
ѩ죬ͻȻ֪ԼиĸܻἤĲԼѩ죬еĸ鲿ѾˣĸҲͱòôҪˡ
գҺһ˳ţڵ£ͬʱҲ˵Ҽ볤ɣҵı£ʤγɵ֮λ˵ЦЦΪһΪҪľ֮λҲΪλöҵĸס˲Żõ̳ŵʱ򣬲˾ܾɡ
ʵϣǴ֮ͥ⧲ףҪôһס
˵ҪʱûоøжúܿЦ
ûü˵ҾֱӰȥˡѩɲǻ԰ˣͷӳò书ߣĵͦҪϡ񹬼ɣôѱӸֱأ
ѩתЩίʵϣȥֱĳƿˡ
죬ϡ񹬺󣬻ģ˵˳ɵδţұȥסҺĸײܰϵĻһϡ
Ͼ񹬼ױ˾֪ѩ컹Ǵʦ㣬ױôҲҪࡣһɲһ书ڵδţһԼӣЩϺ͵Ҳʲô
Ҳ﷢ԼҲȥںСˡ
ò˵ŵ̴ž졣
ޣϹѩԭڶԷĵķϣ𽵹ĹͷӴ˵ɶ
˵һѹƨ
񹬴ʦ㣬ޡѾҵˣҲѾ񹬵Ĺ޸ˡҪһϲƣҵǿԸ㷢ӡƸҲѾ׼ˣδй֮ƸȻǸţҪԼҹѩ˵ģļױҲѾյˡȻôҲ׵ļױҲҪġⳤɵ֮λҿҪҲա
űѩĻˣȻҪ׸
˵ڲУʺϳѩͻȻðĵ֮䣬붼֪Ӧѡ˭
˸
֪ϵ˻ô㣿
滨ɲɱֳѵҵܺʱڱ̨ϴĺŮװƽ˵ȫǽг޷Ļ
Ϊɱֳ˳񹬣볤ɲŽͶ
水˵ǽ鰵Ͷѩҿ»İɣǳҪɶûɶҿ书ҲȲҪճΪʦָտɴ
㵱Ҳô룿˵ѩ죬ֻ½ͷ
ҵжѵԱҵú֣Ѿôˣô˾ܹӶأ
ֻˣ˳żݻʲôԺһǻ㡱ûꡱ̫ʧˡȵԴǡ
ѩڵӣ֪ѹûŵĻϡ
ҲӦһ¿ӣôҲĸףͻȥţгߣòҪԵ޹ҹټĳӣȥһȦе˵볤ɡ
ΪҪѩЩ⣬Ҫһسиõİ취
һЩǲǽѩ̵̫ˣǲ׾û
·Ҫġ
ôһȦŻóŶ๶һӡ
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103
ȻǺһĻ˵ԶǶԵģҪɡ
Ӧڵʱ򳤷Żô뷨Ͳǹĵˡ
緹˰ԣһƵĴ˳ִĻ᳡ȥǲǳٵʲôϳĿ֮»ݣû˸˵ʲôοֻٵ
޶żʼҲٵˣֻĳٵûϢã۾Щɵĺס
һѵ챻̫󣬻ȥˣ
ڰɡ
һ뵽⿴ҲǸ˰
ǽھߣ֣¼һ֮ǰزصı֣лӤԱߡлӤǿκβԸļģ֣¼Ц̣òʶ֣¼ֶлӤкøеЩǣ׷׶֣¼ŭĿӡ
ⲻ֪֣¼ҲмΪԸ
ȥ׷ˣûҵˡִѾˣ˻ûټҲ֪ﴫϢ˵Ƿ˻ⳡִѡһΪ²ˣ˻˰ǰæѡ
ʲôЦ˺Ͱܳʲôϵ
ƫƫôţ༰ˣһ𣬷ýˡ
һִᣬǼ֤˷ɣʦԭʮһɵĳ֣ڶִᣬֳԵ滨ɲͳɵĳϣôһַͽ֮飬Ҳûʲô˵ġ
֪䣬˵һӾǿࡣ
ıԣصӦǷں񹬵ӵıƴϵġΪ˵ԵʣŶ׷ǲԼȥ
Ҳûпܰ
񹬺ͺǽƫƫʦ򡣷ΪΨһĴʦҪһɵĵӣ̵Ϊʦ˶Կ񹬺ͺˣ߼˳һⶼûУ
ò˵Щмܿġ
ְ㡱ֱȽͲˣһЩĵǣȻҲģǳһͷߣҲвʮۡ
лۡͣ͡ҲǱֳڣóʼ࿴˺üۣδ󣬾ͻܵˡƽȻǴ׺սӮ˺üԣҶ֪Ůݣ˻Զ񹬵Ӫ
һ磬ƽƽıƴйȥˡ
ҲֻǼѡ
ܿ죬̨ϱǷ׷׳֧ز״ʼΪľſ̨ϵҲ𽥳֧ʱ˲ŷ鲢ûô򵥡
ǣΪʲôأ
Щ죬ڵʳˮԹҲвѧ񹬺ͺһԵĶԱĸԾɳ
񹬺ͺĵȻ˵һ㣬Ҳûǿȥ

񹬵ǻǾһķ£һĳʲô״ҲҪùС
ֻǲףѾлƳıܶûմĶΪҲж
ǲҪҶһҲԼϵһҩ˵ûʲôٷòƬ̣жˡ
˵лᶲڣлҲܱ֤ܹͨ¶.ҩı󸶼ûз棬ɼϵҩǷƷ
λôˣ֣¼𾪵ĿųϵǣдȻλ¶ǰλİȫ
˵꣬˷ԣ֣¼ξʹӻзųһ̻Ͳ޴̻ڿ𣬲ʱһһһ
˵Ҳǧ
֣α̬ʼһҪһЩ˻ָĸ죬ⶾµİɡװģҲΪʱ䡣
֣¼Ǹʲôˣһͳʼ׼
߲û㳲Ҳͬ档Χˣǵı£ҪȥҲ׾١ʱǴɱǺͳ͢ϣҲδػ䡣
㣿

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ɵʼ˵־ŭﻹ֪ܲǸ˺ˣھ־ȻûʹĹǰִᣬЦǻڹ˵ȥֱЦ
ھֵĵǷ׷׳Ĭ
Ǳǳ͢ˣͼذҲǳЩ˵ʲôǲȥ
ˡ֣¼ʩʩȻվҩɲµġҩԱλлСµġ
֣¼һָлӤװ׵˵˳λΪлӤҽлᶵáҩҽлƣǶҩֻԱҩˡһʱȻˣûаֺ
лӤ
˲ԼͬصĳлӤ˹ȥƺЩš
ǲǸȡ裬ûʲô˵ġлӤҲϣһķȥԴǵǿռֳֳ¹ƣΪңıȡֳĬһ֪Ȼ˴ĶУҪ񹬵ͽ⿪ҸϵĹƣɣ
ʲô
ңҽлƵģ
һȻл¹ƣ
˶лӤ˵Ըˣųʼһ߶Щˡ
ǻΪһлమû뵽Ȼǿȡ᣿
Ҳԡ
ҽлһһľӣ˳̵ĴĽ߶֮꣬ö˶˵ͻȻ񹬽һͺǹŹ֡лӤô˵Ƕʱˡ
ţ˼ҽѹͲ񹬵ֻۣͬǱв˲Ųòˡ
ѩʷ˫ԭЩ𾪣лӤĻ֮󣬷׷׵ͷЦ
Ŷýˡ
ǹлһľ֡
лϺ͹֮׾氮ûʲô˱Ǹ˺ô
һȴǱлӤĻ˵߳ŭһ㣬嶼Щҡҡ׹㶮ʲôҺлĵģ¹ΣҶ⣬ѵ㻹ôֻҪ뿪ңͲκΣա෴ǼڽŻᱻ˺
лӤƺһĵߵڰ׸ˣһ㵱Ǻ޳ܡ
лԡлӤһ֮ʣ֣¼ε˸УлӤǰ
⣬һǧѾִĳΧΪйͨ
Щͼ뿪ĽʿΪǵĽ꣡
лòˣºúϢ֣¼ͻĵлӤѨ
֣¼ΣʲôлӤŭʵҪӲţ⿪ҵѨ
лȿŰɡ֣¼βٿлӤã˿ﻹ˿
֪ҵסλˣֻҪλװˡ֣¼˹Ļش
Цһ̫࣬͢ǽçʲô⣿һЦ
֣лֱ˵ʼҪһ֣¼εĻ
ܼ򵥡֣¼θֶǽ˼ȥһҹԼҪ𽭺Ϊʱ硣Ҳ˵񹬺ͺʵǿ󣬱ǴʦˣҲôǵġ
һкܶռˡ
ŽݲرͼǺΪһܴ򿪲ر⡣ҪĲֻ࣬ҪرͼȻ뿪


104
رͼֶһʱҲǵ߲һġ
ϾĴڲǽ˶ҪĶ
ʲôʲôа뢣һͲرͼֳϹϵþ֮С󵽵ʲô³Ҫϵ˹Ũ񣬺ǹϵôˡ
Ȼһرͼǣ˳ãͨĽ˾ֻˡһִˣȫµġ
رͼһ⾪ȵѽ֣ˡҴҵǰݲرͼֱǸãϧǿϧܹӽ飬Ҫ಻á
˵꣬һƺԴ˼Ϊͬ
Ĺǲɵˡ
֣¼ЦҲЩ˵Цˡǲرͼ佭궼ûϢȴӶĳ֡Ըͷرͼ뿪
ûм͢ǲȱӵģ
һʱӯһʲô˻̾ͻ׽⡣ĳ̸͢ʲôԣ
ǿأͲ˰˵һ˽ⲿֵǮ͢ûмӶЩңſڹѪųúܣһӵ˵ҲҪʮʮ˷̡
ôڣ︻ԣ
ͺñ˵ȻҲһʿǵҲǰ̭ġԸЩжĽ˻㹻˵ġ
֣¼ԭҪƽúõڱǰһͣǵȵӴ֮ŷ֣Ȼ󲿷ֵĽ˶ܺöԸҲûʲôӡ񹬵ˣ̫һЩ
ı£ҪͬʱԸϼѡ
ң书ҲҪԸǣ»ԼĸɵɸɵҪڻʹﱣ£ôԸЩˣ
ʶ֣¼η޷ԼĿ֮󣬾ֻܻһĿꡣ
磬رͼȥúóӯ⡣ͬʱòرͼ书ѵһЩʿȹʮʮ꣬ѳɣԸЩç١
Щ˲²رͼǼٵģ֣¼֪رͼڣбصġ
ʹҲЩܡ
ΪʹȨƵ̫֮һȻҲ֪һЩءرͼķһֱûжϢ͢ôӵڲŶ֣
ЩΪ˲رͼĴɱٽرͼҵȵΪ˲رͼʧһ֮ٽֵĲرͼû˲һ˫
ˣرͼϢȻǳ͢ųȥģǲرͼֵ֮˷зҲг͢ڡ
֣¼֪Ҫ𽭺ĿѾײʵ֣תҪժȡرͼӡ
ò˵ʱƵˮƽҲʵǸ߳ĺܡ
رͼҾݣˡһʼˡ
ڷرͼ֮ǰѵͲһݣ֣¼βţѵرͼֵģ
Цһ֣¼εĻͲˣͯۡ˵ˣЩˣӹӹµµģҪرͼ޿ɺǣɶ˵رͼʲôأ
˵꣬һָָԼָָ񹬵ӣ㿴񹬵ˣԵõĴģȱǮô˵ģң룬Ѿһòˡ
⻰û˵
ٽʿ׷ҵһ
ң赽ܲܶһܲƳһäУҪ򶼿򲻵˰
ҲҪԴ˵ޱȵɫң谡
书ķǣһѾ⽭ѧʦ˵ߣҲǰ޹ˡҹе书Ǳʲôؼһ¾ܸдüңѵҪʲôϵ书ؼԼϵ书ͷʼ
⻰˵ʵ̫е˳һ˼·һ룬һûҪ
Ҷ֪ѧ书鷳һڲ׸
⹦ѧĶӣڹķͱ뱣һ¡Ȼر任Ļͺ߻ħҲͬڹķ˴е·ͬһ壬书ȫ϶ġ
Щ书µĽ˵ѧķ죬ܹõرͼؼǷԼڹҲûʲô˵ģ˴ͷǶһѧʦ˵ҪǷϵԼ书Ҫµ书Ҫ³Ϊʦ˵ҲҪʮʱ䡣
οգ
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һе۾˵ϹǿɲС
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ɽû뵽ԼֻҪɽۻȻҲδӹ֣ƫƫΪҩԵʣֲ׶
ɽǲҪ˵ĺáھֵҼ״ϵ˽˷ɽǵĲϡ
ǶԸЩҲǺĵá
ԼǻӣǶɵӵȴòӡ
Ҫһ겻Ǿ;Űɡ
ɽҪһæϾھֶļɵԶ׼ġû뵽ֻǸտڣֱӱˡ
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ɽɫЩ̣ȴò˼ǵĻ
ΪΪ⣬ʲôѡأ
һԿţһֶûж˵
Ȼ˵ɽ񹬽ãϾҲûʽͶ뵽£óȻͷǵԩͷˡ
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ǣѵܺãĮһЦҵҲǺպĴãˣǱСֻʣһˡųˣó͢ҵġ͢ӥȮԱԼļˡ
⽭֮󣬶ӢۺܵıͥأжˣԼȡţȡΪ˱Լѵİȫ
ҿ˷һȺ.ǲƫƫȺֻǹˡ
ɽ
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ɽɨһ۳ϵĵӣЩ䲻ҲĲ˼Щǵ
ҽǣҪ˵ɽ̾һǴӻȡһСӣҪĲرͼǿ֤˶ˣƴҲ׷Źǣ
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ھֵһϸ˺ӣȷûлض.ҩ֮󣬲СĽرͼóһݲرͼжգȷпغͨĵط֮󣬲Űͷ
ġ֣¼οѾһֵĲرͼ΢΢ףɽȻɣҲǼٵġ
֣¼һڷɽǲϵĵ̾ͷ
˸ͷˡ
滨ɲˡ
󵱼ҵҲǰ﷢࣬ʵҪȥҷɽģɼܲסܵٶȱ졣滨ɲɱ֯ͲҪģзɽɺöԸ
Ϊ󵱼ңʱ֪ΪҲҪΪ֮
滨ɲ϶֮ǰҪĬࡣ
ѩ˫走УҲʼʦھֵĴ󵱼ҲҶ̫಻ֻܿ˵ɲرͼ
в޲رͼ϶Ƴ˴󵱼һۣȵ˵ҽرͼɲɲرͼڱɱ֮ǰ¶֡ҪĶҲҪҲҡ
󵱼ҵɫ΢䣬ɲرͼȥģѲûп¼һݣ
ʱ߻жɲĹڣܿţ
ۿڹַͷϣҲֻվ塣
ĬƬ̣ڻȥ·;У϶ȷûжԲرͼֽš֮飬Ҳ
ɲ룬ŻҪһ¡󵱼ǲĻҲλɲһû
⵽ֵĲرͼ¼һϽô
ֲɲǵҪƹһ˱ǣ
ǾȫǰҲ˵
ԩͷծǽھʲôƼˣԾ
滨ɲɱǿɲɽ˵ǱǹĵѪҩҲǰ취ɱˡ
˵ôǰԼϵͨʦͬھһⶼûеġ
ЩʦǸЩɱɢɱҲЩɪɪ
ɶһЩ֮ͽ
ǲţ־ǡ϶Ц书²һ̣ᱻɱҴ˿ֻ̲֣ǿڳ͢ϰˡ
󵱼ҵ亹ˡ
ΪʲôܾͿȥҷɽͱҪôһʦ
󵱼ҵֻܽĿ⿴֣¼Ρ
֣¼δԼҲʲô絶ɲƺЩˣҲںĲ֪ɱҲ޷滨ɲˣѵɱǣǸô
϶
ǳʼ˼˵ȷûвرͼһҲգ֣Ҿ͸һӣرͼҸ㡣ǡãҲҪʶʶݲرͼǺһⱦ⵽ֵжٺö
˵꣬ʼͳһӣֱӽ˦˳ȥ
ಡ
װŲرͼĺ׾ٵǶǽ֮УȴҪõ˲Ž֮ȡ
ʼʵҲɼһߡ
֣¼μʼһ֣еļɵҲ˼֡
ȵʼһݲرͼҲóƴһ֮󣬷ݲرͼѾȫ룬ֱָ˱ڡ
ͬʱرͼϻмʫһԼҲĳ
ģ֣¼εĿԵ˷ܡ
رͼ룬Դǰȥﶼڳˣ
˵߶֣¼Ͷ˹ȥ
˿̣ĳĲرͼͰİǸ˵ǰ
ֻҪǳȥܽرͼ
ϵһʱùŹֳĬ
һȴЦ

Ĺܣ̰
رͼˣǺϷ.ʱ
رͼȤȤҪһۡ
֣¼׼رͼ֮ʣֱӷ˵ˤڵأһȺòӷֳӣǰ·
ϸȥܿϤס
ǲСô
Ҷɣ
ȵȣСʦû

ٽ˷׷׾
棬вٶĬʧٻȥͬŰ
ô
ȵȡ
һܣ
һЩĽˣǾˮнʱģǸоһϤļӸС
ˮ
һˮɵģ
ǸŮħͷسˣ

ˮһ֣ٽӵɫ˲Ͱ
ʵҲЩ˵
Щӳ֮ˮźƿȸһ㣬ɫӳڵӲŹˡ
ܶˣǽһ˵ˮȴûмˡ
Ҳʧʱ
ЩΪˮӦһŨױĨֻ˫ˣȴ뵽ˮȻһа׺ɣ˳
ңһһ
һЩģӶתˡ
һƲƲ졣
ţ۲ݣһô࣬ѲǲĹ
ˮɨһ۳ϵΣ֪Ǹʲô״
ΪΪʳ͢ҲҪһţȻǳŲرͼȥġ
ǡãرͼҲмȤ
ôҵĺöӣĸףѵӦôкˮһУ˴ĸģһ΢΢ЦЦ
Ĳ˵˿ˮһĸӹϵӦ
ˮԾһߵġ
겻ĸ׷ɰװôڣʲôģĸط꣬ĸѵûиҴʲôôôСҲĸˡ˵ҲҵĳӦø񣿡
ˮһⲻҪĻϵЦݶ㲻ά֡
Ȼĺöӣʡĵģ
Ҫ񣿺Ǻǣһˣܹһݵǣ


105
һˮ࿴ᡣ
ҪǰװһĸТҲʼղǸζ
δĸТĬĿʼݣôأ
ΧʿĸĽ棬ĬĬĶ϶һʵ
񹬹һˮϵģ
ˮҲˣⳡϷȫǲǵˡǸ˴ʦǺǣһ㶼βģӰ߾ġ
˸֣һԴ׼ҪǴʦľˣʲôħ˶ˣǰϹⳡִ᣿
֣¼κͳʼ˷ˮɫͬ
Ů˾ȻҲˣǶԲرͼȤ¾鷳ˡŮԶһöԸĶ࣬ɼ¡֣¼뵽
ʼľ͸ɴĶ࣬ˮȻסָԸһûϷˣһʱû⡣
ǰϹˮѺɤӣ˵ỰЩ
Щ겻ҿϲ׶Щ죬ֻǳøˡˮԼɰ⻬˵ˡ
ɨһȦֻֻ񹬺ͺڵλÿ
ȻҪȥﶼС
ʱ˿Ҫѡһ˵ĸоȫһˡʶˮһʾ⣬ߵЩӰӵİӣ˲Ķ˲裬ˮĵˮںмѡ˸λãˮ
ȻʼˮȣִἫ䲻Ĳ˼ҪԴ˫Ŀ
˵ˮº޼ɣа֮硣ʵ
񹬻ˮĴ£ľͶаˡ
Ϲմݹ٣ʵڽбִԡ֣¼֪߲߲ĵˮѾָ뿪ǲܵģֻȿǸʲôˡ
׻Ͳض˵ˣ֣ˮֲ˵ļһȤҲޣԭǲģֻ֣Ųرͼۡرͼ֮£Ľ֣Ҳǧ֮óȻǰ֮Щ̫ðաбһͬǰȥҲиӦ㿴Σ
ˮǺôĿ
֣¼βΪԼˣŮڽʧô꣬һ־ҪԼȥ⣬ǷʲôΣ
˵֣¼βܴӦĳ͢ҲܴӦ
Ϲģ»ЩԱ֮ġ֣¼ȻľܾҸЩСū͵ҽѡ
֣¼β˵⻰ãһ˵⻰ˮЩ̵ǣ̾ͳ֣¼ڵķݺݵͶ۵
ʲôһﻹҪˮˣ˲໹ôģ
ˮλƺء
Ȥرͼ߾֮⹫ԼͲõرͼģôˮҪʲô˵ģ
ˮҿҲٶ໰ˣţǲײĲᡣ

˲Ϳʼ˵־䶼ҪˮϽ֣¼ζ֡
ֻҪһˣûٸˮˣ
֣¼΢΢üϹߵЩƺʲôذ
ҵǾǶصĺܡˮƽĻش֣Ҳںҿڽھֺͳ͢ķϣ˺Ҳܾˣռ˱ˡֻҪȥ⿴ʱҲò㼸αΪһʱ֮ҴأٵȥЩʿеҩҪʧȥҩЧˡ
֣¼ɨһ۳ϵˣֲٽʿĺ֮ǰŨ˲٣֪ˮ˵ġ
ʦ֮Ҳ̽Щ˵
ǵȣ֣¼εϣԥĶ
򳡣ڽھֵǷ׷׶ԳϵĽʿ֡
֣¼ԼǽɱˣƱػһơ
ֻǴǵȣֻҪµʱ޸ãµʱ䣬رͼĶȫھˣͬʱΪԼȥЩҪѹ˵һ˫á
ܿ죬Ͼʹٽʿʹ
Щʦ񹬵ӵʱһȴͻȻվ
ʱˡ
񹬵һ׷վ̧ͬͷա
쿴ʲô
ôкö񣿡
ȵȣǴǷݣ
޴ޱȵķݣ
ֻгٸ޴ηݣ涼һ񹬵ӡ
ǷɵϷ֮ʱ׷Ͷгһʦʦֱӷ
ִῪʼ֮ǰһѾԸʷ˫ѩǰȥ̽᳡ظĵΡ
ܺã£иɽк
˵ִﲻֳʲôк֮·ġ
һкַܶѡѡ˿սһ֡
Ǻǣɵ˰ɣܷɣ
ţҲɲʲô˶һɷˣֻǳֻּ˷ߵĴݣʲô
ҲûЩС
ʲôưݰдŸܷɵģ֪ĻΪ˺һطأ
ۼЩ񹬵һ죬֣¼ȫ׼ҲĿɿڴ
⡭
񹬹Ȼĸ󻼣
žӦ˺ֱɱ񹬵˵ġ
ϧΪʱ
һЩ뿪һû˺֮ǣʱҲرͼѩϼ˪
ôʷ˫Ѿ˷ݣͷ滹δһ
أҷ¡һ¶һ˼ɵЦݣҪǶڣҲֵøӿİ
ʷ˫Ĺ֪Ϊδ˸
ƺܿĵӡ
Ҳûʲô˵ģȸЩ˵ɡ
Ȼ㡣ѩΪ񹬵Ĵʦ㣬ȻҪеʦεġ
ңҩʲôĶҲûʲôãֻװĶѡ
죬ӦҵͽܡˮЩͨ뿪ҲûнЩ˷ѩ֮ǰֵģ˵ĸҲѡδ񹬼̳ˡ
Ͷһ⣬һѩĹ֮λѩѵӦüͶϣʵʷô
ӡѩɲǻ֮µӣ
ӲŮ֮Ͳü̳֮λҵͽ֮ǰҪ踺ҿ⣬ʲôµģ
ˮҲ֪ѩ˫һսʦ顣һĿԾִࡣ
ˮ˵ѩӦѡ
ϾΪһλʧˣ
Ӵ費ˡ
죬㿴ĸ׶ô˵ˣ㿴Σһǰ٩˼䡣
ѩص㹥ԵҪշѩʵ̫ˡ
Ϊѩ챾Ǳ񹬼̳ģĹ񹬴һС
ֻҪ񹬷չĺãʲôӦõġ
ңһҲ̹ԹԺǻύ񹬵ĵλˮڵʱֻ߲ͣڶ೤ϵҲϿʵ
£ѩΪʲôҪѱ䣿Ϊˮʦ¶̵һε֣
ʲôЦ
ȻѩˮĻ֮ɫ̾ͱˡ
Ϲѩ쳯ˮԵӵȷн̵ֻ֮ˡ񣬵һȥѶһɢɳǹ۲ŴԣҵܹӣӸ˵к񹬵ķչֵһᡣϹԵӴӾްԹԡϹҪԹˡӡ
ѩԴǵǰеĻＸˮɫ࣬һһ־
ӵȻǡѩ͵һν
硣
Ľ˶ûзӦ
һֱԱ߶ŵĳʼˮʦ˲˺
ǰѽֱûһؿڣٶȰ.֮ʱѾմѪ
죬㡭
һϻ֮ǰЦݣƺûӦʲô顣
أѪһء
лδȫߵ񹬵ӾĬ˺һŲԼͬķС

Ǹѩ콫ջʣߵˮߡ
ʼ֣¼Σеţסˡ
ѩ죬Ȼѱˣ
ɡ
һֱһ߰ǰ󣬶һҲǿмӣ˶ܿóǰ;һѵȸˮǿ
ƺҲݲôҲš
ѩ죬ģɵˣ
лࡣֻǣϹЧҵĶ󡣡ѩɫ̣ɫظӵ
ˮЦ죬ҿɲϹˡ
Ϊһֶûо͸ҷ뿪ôǣʹѩ졶񱦵䡷ԭŵһɱ֮ѩǶ˵书Ϊ֮˭֪ƾɱһһѩֻ˺
񣬲ǲҷʱ
ѩ쵥ϥأ۾ȴЩеĵӿȥһˣлҲѾֻܻһȻǰݼ


106
ѩ죬ˣǹ
ˮŮƾʲôǹߵʱ˵һ仰ô
˵ʲô϶Ĺֻһ

񹬵ӷ׷Ҫӷºѩһսȴʷ˫ס
ȳʷ˫ۿͨ죬ҧδҪϽȥлϡ
ǡ
Сڱأʷ˫һ²˳٣ߣ
˫ʦ㡭
£ߣʷ˫ӷһԾ£ڿз˸վһߡ
Ӽ״бԣѩ죬ĺǣ񹬵㲻ݣ
Ѿ񹬵ˡˮЩʶôǣԽ񣬡񹬡Ψгҵģ񹬵ӣһ
ˮ֣ܿһȺ곤񹬷εŮ롣
³ϡ
Īϣ
ʦ
С̣
ǿ߳ˣһԼ۾
˻ǷˣЩˮǰʶĳô
ˮ񹬵ţһ곤΢΢üԴһλֻЩӣһɳȫڿп޵λϡ̨ЩˣȥôЩˮڵʱ
ʶ࣬ǸϽɡȫһЩһǾʲôˣ
ǣң֮ߣһǳϵżǮ
ʷĳ϶ܵõãȴҪһѹǺε֮ʣЩܵõֺôȻɱ񹬣ͳͳ񹬵ͽ

ǼԼĶ䡣
ǰЩˣʶЩͰ׵ĳô
Ҳеĳ϶
Ҳ֮һˡ
Щˣǲӵġ
ܶ񹬵ĳϣ˵ĺһ˵Ĳ̡ϰ˸߸ϣϰˮڵʱһȻѹǣȴûнǶɱ
һһɱˣΪЩ˶ͽǶɱˡֻҪ̧ЩͬԼҲͰˣЩ˵ȹ꣬ˣȻҲƲˡ
Ƕˮټһ
ʦʦҲԲͬ£
񹬵Ĵʦ񹬣Ϊ˸ıң߾Ӷ࣬Ŵ񹬽ʳԶΪоЩк𣿡
ǲǱ񹬵ˣ

Ҳ֪һ׸ЩǹʲôԻһѾ˾Ȼܽǻת⣿
ˮĿһЩˣѾɱ⡣
ǻߣʷ˫ŭϽ񹬣йڵĳϺ͵׼ڿɲһʱ򣡡
ЩǼʷ˫ѾŭҲʶ˿̵ĳѾǼ˸Уֻܳŷݣɿʧʡ
˿̣ŵεһԱߣһæιҩһǾĿΧʷ˫Ҳûзɵȥ
Ѿļͷˡ
㲻һôѩĬƬ̧̣ͷ˵ҵĽͿ˼Ѫľ綾һڹܼһ˿ҲֻΪ֡ҵɷȻӦøߡ
̧ͷѩʮİǵһʶһ㣬죬ǲǱˮвˣ
ˮԣЦ죬ƺһֱվһɱ˱ǣΪʦҸõġ
ѩȴûиˮĻ㵱ҪΪУ
㱳ȡɫ࣬лһͬȻġ㣬ҪɱҲԲԭ£
ۿ֮ǰĽһԼżڶʱھͷֱλʿҲ겻ѡ
̶ʱڣҲδЩ̫ˡԭΪǰִϷѾԾĶǣȴû뵽ĴоȻں棿
񹬴ʦ㷴ѣ񹬹ĸС
ֱţ
ˮһô˵Ҳӣ´˶֣Ƿ̫ˣ׺ͺˮ֮ޣǰݳԹӵһϡĸΣ֪һˮĸǴûйʲôӡ
Ҳʳӣˮȴȫһ㡣
˲뵽ɽׯһἰԼˮĸӹϵ࿴ᣬǻΪһТȴû뵽ĻҪӲпᣡ
֣ˮʲôЦЦһ㣬̲סЦ񹬹֮λѵͲˣȻģ˾ӦաĹҲһʱȥһһĸ׵γưԽģ
ˮԼЩĴˡ
ҪһھӦֱӳȥһһƻУ˲ǳ׶Ͼ֮ǡ
֣ˮ˦˦䣬Цſ֣¼ΣµĶѾûˣرͼӦ֪ú˭һ˰ɡ
žžžž
һ
ˮعͷȴĳʼڲͣơ
ʼҲҪˮĿǰˣЩáҲ֪ΪΣųʼʱܾʮ΢ԷҲϲͣЩϲ̫
ˡʼЦе˵ֻŶֲ֡Ȼ֣ҪرͼһۣټһΣҶŲرͼĳһЩȤ
ǣ˸
лӤЦ֣ˮһֵʱӦóֹһڣ˭Ҳҳ֡һˣʲôţ񶼳ˡ
죡֣¼кγ֪лӤ˵ĲǶԵģԽˣвԽǾ
ԭƽĽܹ֮˺гкܴһֵԭΪһڡ
㹻ǿ㹻У㹻ı㣬ͬ˿ǿһԽĸ߷壬һ˿а̾ǰˣӲϡ
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һǸ
֣ǸϿɡʼ΢Ц˵룬Ҳˡ
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ͺŵʷ˫εһߣҲû˲˼
ǲôңֻһоϧʼ͸¶ʮϣݲǣҺĴʱΪǳһԸҺұض߾ܣΪơ
ʼ⻰˵Ŀ˵ʵ⡣
һȥ书֮⣬Ҳǽ̾мӡǼγ²ˣ
ҿءˮһһѡˮ֮ʱѵֱʣʷ˫Ц֪Ұģֻû뵽ԼŴˡǹĺһЩǿˣ
Ѿ°ܽ£ʼҡҡͷһӣĪֻнûгˣ
ʼһŻɵ̬ȡ
һ˽⣬Ӧòôױ͵ϮŶԡϸǰ飬־óһǴ޽תȻܹԤϵԼĸ׺ԼεԸأοܹ֤ȫлҲڴˡ
޵һҲѷˡ
ʼֹһ̽ŵֱӳ
磬󿪴ϣѪֵֻ֮ܵܺˡ
ŵҲ֪Լǳʼֻ֣ҪˣȻʷ˫Ź˰ˡ
Ȼʼ书ȴɲ⡣
ԺŵĽ⣬Ҳûãӭͷȥ
Ǻýֻϧ㻹̫ˡ
ʼĿֻ̣ܿһӰ
ĲӰͽ⽻֯һһΡ
ȴֱץסһ󣬰һ
΢ȷ˱֮ࡣ
ſ
ʷ˫ʼѾϢץסһ֣ſڴȣеĽҲֱĳųʼ˹
ʼɫ΢΢΢ͷָѾסʷ˫Ľ漴תһģʷ˫ֱؿڱһɾײֽһ˳ȥ
˫ƽȺзɳֱӳȥʷ˫ס
ۡʷ˫ѪȻ˲ᡣ
˫ҩƽļ٣ֻæȰʷ˫ҩѨãƴŽķղֱƿѨ
һȻѣҲȷв֮ˣʼ΢΢̾ˣӢϧӢۣҺҽҽưɡ
˵ţʼҪȥһߡ
һ꣬⽭Ļˣ
ʼӰȻһ٣ƺоΣգ̺ˡ
վĵطѾһĹۡ
һߣվһߣɫ࣬ƺԴ˿̳ϵκǲ
ǼǳԲǴ
ǰжǰ֮ǰһ漰أ㽫ǰЩѵȫԺ
ʼˮ겻תתּˡ
´ʦˣ١


107
֣¼ֱҪܣǷ˵ٶȱ졣
Ҳ֪˾ģȵ»ص̨֮ʱݲرͼѾ䵽
رͼ

˵֣¼аûڣʼˮӢۣĿⶼɵĳŷеĲرͼȥ

书
ʦȻˡ
֮ǰĴģ
ˣǼ˳֣̾Ĵԡ˶ѾֳɼѨδ
˼ָͽģ
ôţ±мҪһվ˳ſ˵ǰɷ´ʦˣ
΢΢һЦҷϱɡ
ȻǴʦ
˶ʱӼˣʮҪڷǰһȻܹʦۣǣ˻ߣ̾͹˸һ˻ԵһӣϣҪΪΪһ
Ŷ΢΢һ㶣
ǣ˼ɻн˺üΣŻ˵ʼˮ˺ııһ嵨ȴֻϧ书΢Ϊѩޣ
˵֮ۿЩ죬ͬҪڷǰ¶ʮָӡ
Ҳ̫˰ɡ
ʱĺãֻһͱ˼Ҹˡ
ȻֻǴ˿̵һСȴһ󲽰
⻰˵ģ˵һӣ˼ʶôһ˵ʲôԼ书΢ʵҪΪͽȻ书ɡ
Ļ滣ǸĻ滰
ҲǺõġοĿһ۵ߣһʲôϵ

ȵȣĳһף
ȹһȻѾˡѹϲõһҪȾǽֲôһӢۺܰ
û뵽ˮȻôһ嵨˾ĶӣȻĺöӣΪʲôͲȥ¿ʼأ˳̾һֵһѨȻСĵݸԱߵʷ˫ްֻжҪúõ
лʦʷ˫ǿᣬʵĵл
ôȥˣǻĺúõġˮЦ㲻ϳô߻ħǲ߻ħҲһҸͲҪĶӡ
ںĺӶڶϷ;˭֪ԲģΪʦ֮Խ޼ɵ˶˸顣ϷǼŮִ֮Сˣһ棬ȻƾΪֱɱ㶼ԩ
ǣҪɱңԿʼ֣¼Σ㻹ɵʲôҪǲرͼͷǻὫرͼ˵ģʱ˭ҲҪõ֣ˮ֪һͷӳԼ˳ǲ˳˳õرͼˡ
Ȼˣһͬ˻ˮ֮С
ˮһ䣬ʼ֣¼Ҳͳŷ˹
˾Ȼ˼ʼˮһͬԼԽգʼ书ָġ
ϣ㽫رͼɡʼĬƬ̵رͼı֮гһšתشǾȻСΨһ취ŮӦܹҰɡ
תشδáɫ΢΢˱䣬Щȥʼ۾
ԵţԵ
λţǻɵվʲô֣¼μˮͳʼʦȻûõһƬ½ǣԽǷ˽رͼٵ˭ҲҪõرͼʵڵģн׳Ϊʦĵҩǵ治ģ
˵ʲôҲ˵ʲôа
̰㹻ǰһжġ
˿̣رͼڷС
ЩϵҩҲൽʱˣǲ֣رͼ¾Ҫˡ
ϣԲסˣ
վмɵų̲סˡˮΪرͼ׶ӶɱҲΪرͼͷ˶֣ɼرͼĶֵô
뻢Ѩɵûӣ
˵һȻеڶĸ
ȻҲмǵģ⼸˶Ա˵ֱֵһᡣ
Ҳ
ɶǰ档

˰γ˵˳ϡ
һ˲ûޱȣ
ΨѪζбײڶ
ˡ
ˡ
֮ǰ֣¼θҩ֮ʱ˶ûôŬƴΪһŲرͼȴǷ׷³Ҳ˼˴˵档
ЩȣҩЧʧЧ֮ԾɳǣҲոȾһҪ塣
һ˵ˣȴһȥ
ǽô
ƽʷ˫Ż˵һϢֱԶǻҵġ
˫Ҳƽ棬ҵʦ壬ҵʦʦǣǲ׺ƫһ磬ΪʲôҲҪȥ᣿ʱ򣬲Ӧóô
˶һ뷨ʷ˫΢΢ͷǰ˵ûгֵĻĳӦѾڽݹˡ
ȷҲԱ߸͵ԹŲƲģοǲرͼһ뿪˵ߣǾѾҳһˡ
ĳ˵Щ˶ӦøмһŶԡ
ֻϧǰֻڳӲηһˡ
ŲرͼҪٵԱߵˮͳʼˣ֪Ҫʲôһ϶ûи
Ǵʦ˱ϾѸߡ
νȭ׳ʼˮʦٮٮߣΧôʿֻһͨʦ¾Ҫˡ
Խ˾ԽȷرͼǺ˵Ķڣա
֮ǰأ
֮ǰΪνûΪرͼأ
̲סһķ˹ȥȻ˿̱Ⱥ赲ȴһ߶㿪˵Ĺһ˼
ˮĶӣˣ
ϣߡ
ŴţҲЩƣˡ
ЩʿֱڶеĲرͼҪƬ̶ɵá
ջȾ˵ġ
˶Ϊ˲رͼʱе˾ͻԽķ
ǶţһǺö
ֻҪõرͼܳΪˡ
ǡʱ
תͷȥȴǸͻȻһԵʿһҩۣȻָһС·
ͨɽľдУֻҪȥͿԻٵرͼˣ˵
˲ɶ࿴˼ۣ֮ɫԽŨ
û뵽˾Ȼĳ»ܱǣԲرͼҲ˿Уıҩ۵ʱҲյ൱
ֻҪǲ̫ͽˣ
Сֵܣлˡ˿һۣɿĳָŵ·ȥ
ã׷
óʼˮ˵˾Ѿɿĸ˹ȥ
ǳС·ߡ
죬ǲرͼˣǾ͹һˣ

ϵŷ˵ȥҲڶʱھͱð
Ƚߣ˵ز˾ʷ˫Ƴһۣܿջ
á
ƽ˵ͷǣ׼ջúһ
˵Ƿˡ
ɭ֣ɹĻһ㴭Ϣ֮
ǵһγôĿɾҲܺȫΪС
رͼҪٵ
ϣرͼŵ
˵ǰֳͬʹߡ
˫ħǾȻû˿ǰһһŮϾ費ѡ
㶼ûôأһŮЦϵƼһ𣬡رͼнϻͯĺöǻӿɲӦ
˵Ȼ֮ԣǾȻҲţֻЦʲôϻͯǼٵģҩôܻأ
ֻƭƭСҲͰˡ
ôôǵã׿ڶǺСô˵أ˫ħ֮һߺٺһЦŮճµСҪѳ飬ֹ˵رͼĵҩԽȻСᡣҺӿڱֻϧǺĺҲֻһݲرͼ֪رͼһֱԶݡ
رͼ֮ڽĸԴû˱˫ħˡ
ǳʼĻҪĲرͼӱ֮ȡҩȻİŮӣֻһݲرͼָôأǣ⽫ϢųԼߵŮرͼ͵ߣڽϷų˵رͼ
һЩӵвرͼȻ羪֮񣬳¶˺ۼ
ʵҲˡ
һݲرͼڶݵҲܿˡ
;һ⣬ҲرͼϢڽ
񣬶ʮȥرͼȻһ
ǲҵΪֹѰűһ׻԰ˡ˫ħ˵ֱޱȡ
رͼĻˣȻԼ
ƽ˵ѣżΣԭΪ˵ȴ붵תתɽմ˺ڲ
ˮ˴ʿҲѾ׷


108
ˮͳʼȸϵġ
ǱϾʦṦЩʿֻ߲ͣٶȻҲҪϲ١
ңǱͷ֮ҲвԨԴܹЩʿ֮ǰӷõرͼôԲٿصؾͶ̫ˡ
ʱˮͳʼѾֱȰ˵Ļ
ǵһҲ
ˣ˵ٶҲá˫ħŷˣɭɭЦرͼ֣罻ǣ˵Ըǡ
ǣӣǰֻҪ̤ײĵˣαػرͼ˽رͼڻҲǶֵĻᡣ
˫ħڶǰΪ֪˶ٹŽǱˡû뵽ǳŶ꣬ȴԾԲġ
Ȼ㲻Ǿͱǲˣ
˫ħ˷޶꣬Ĭʮ㣬Ҳʦֶη֮࣬ǰͱʼˮһ֣Ȼ˫ħҲҾôܳԿ
ν벶ȸںǱҪĻȸ
ˮͳʼʱ򣬿ıǷ˺˫ħѽѷֵҪͷ
˫ħȻ̤Ьٴȫѹҵˣʼһ۾ϳߵ³ɺ֮̾ͳǶ˹˹ȥ˾ٲãҲСүүҲָ򡣶˫ħȴǶ⣬ǲرͼУһϣûˡ
Լ֮жäΪ˵Ķ
˫ħƽϲ飬ȥϮЩӢţǺϲЩóɳӢزۣ֪ýʧ˶δһʦӡ
Ҳˣֱôʦ˳
ʼҲڽ书ڣʦֻһ֮ңȻҲΪ˫ħֶ
˵ǣʼֻж޴󰭣һٸϵķ˸˻ȥҲ˲˳ͻƳΪʦʶСᡣ
˫ħ֮ĳޣȴǳʼĲ
ֻϧʮó䣬ʮڽһûУʼħͷǲѾˡ
û뵽ʱˡ
ãҲҪĳ
ǣǳ¼СӰף񹬵Ů޾ȻҲڣſˮͳʼһͬǰ¶ֹŹֵЦݣ˼˾Ȼִһ𣿡
ϻ˵ʼָצֱץסõͷȣһֻǳĿյֱӳĸ˹ȥ
ۿžҪɹŵһ崫ͷλ˲˳ʼĹͬʱճһֱֻϮ˳ʼؿڡ
ۡʼû뵽žȻǹû뵽Է书Ϥ˲ת
ǣͲǵĶ֣ΪЩʲô鶼ûôŤתһ壬ٶȻָԭϹ۵ζôӵĶɲǳصġ
ҲһϹӵζ֪ˣʼЦΪڻӵõߣʦ
˫ħˮ󣬡ҲֹȻǻǧꡣ
Ҫɱǣ˫ħͷô˵Цļֱӣ㿴Ե˱ͷˣתȻҪһԸǣ
أҲЦҪǣɱ˷ͷرͼȸʱһͬǰȥõġ
ƺʶҪ˵ʲôϳ֡
˫ħзܹױ˵֣
ôˣŹЦָųʼ˵ⷲͷѧͯӹȢޣҲкӣԣŮأ
Сģ֪ʼ˫ħȻҪ˵СĻɱʢ
֪˭ͷԱ߸͵ˮˮһͷӼˣҲóǾ˫ħŮϧƫƫһĨ۵㡣
죡ѾЩ̲סˡ
ˮƺʶʲô㵽ʲô˼
ǿɲͷһòȻƭתЦЩ̣ǱŲӵļ㲽ʦ߻ħʧȥ䡣ԭͷҪɱģֻʧ֮󣬱ֹᣬ㱾ԽȻ෴ͷûа취ֻܽ˻ȥաŶûмǴĻʱǽСᣡ
⻰һѾ̧ͷȥˮͳʼˡ
ʼҲ𾪷ǳ
㡭˵ʲô
ˮС᣿
ʲôЦ
ʼŵĿˮˮҲһӶĿ
űʧ䣬ռ˵ˣ㣿ˮתųʼ۾ɱǸˣ㣿
ԵԵ
Ƕʮǰķָߡ
үүվſںþˣǶôһ崿кɻŮСĴ̽ͷһͷҷһɡ
˵꣬ŮǸͷ룬ĸǰ˵˹ȥ
үүץң۰
˭֪ͷյݹȥүүûнӹͷֱץסָ֣ϡ
Ϣңȷ߻ħ֮ࡣ񹬵ġ񱦵䡷ߵȡٳɷӣһ߻ħﻹܿóˮһ˿Ӱӣ
Ѿˮ졣
һΪ׷˫ħس·ɣῡӳŶҪĨϻҡ֮¶䣬֪񹬳ˮôһĴӶӵĹֵýĻ̡̻
ˮ°Ե࣬һֲã˵һ˫ħ˷˲ŴȥˮǸôˣǿԣ;ԽչŸ
Ͼ˫ħѾ̫ˣˮѾһˡ
ɷ˵ʵڲãòҵˮȴˮȫһ
ȥһˮæαܾ֮󣬵ڶˮȫһˡ
үүԾͲԣץҰҺģʱġʧˮˣһСȭͷѾܺܶˡ
⵹ġ
ˮʧˣ书ӻڡһ˹⣬ǳӣˡֻЩֻҪǰͻᱻԾĴˡ
ôһֱƮҲǸ¶
书ǿԼ˭֪ױã˺Щ޹ˡ
ҪɱʵڲǷ˵硣
ʧǰˮǸʲôˣʧԳƵһĵθеĺù
㡭ҵŮֻܱһѻؼҵġһʵ̫ΣˣҴȥɡ
ˮŰɣ˵ĳϿңҲֻܸŷˡ
ڻȥ·ϣ˹ȻˮʮչˣˮҲʶԼҲСŮ
ӵĵطĹȣǸƫƧȴ൱ĵط
Сһ۾ϲط
үүǵļô
ǵġ·Ѿˮ书£˺һֱȥΣһֱôĵģŮݹһѵȵǽˮǿһЩӦҲĵˡ
Сŷס˲һ£˱Ϊ˫ħֳֵϢ뿪Ĺȡ
ٻʱ򣬴һ涾ˡ
СҲ֪Ϊʲôһ۾ͿˣΪúðɡ
үүȻôչɡСῪĵľӭȥ÷ᡣ
ҲЩΣֻܸ̾ˮˣƯ˾߲ʼҲʲôŮʹˣҲûʱ;չһˡ
ȻСҪæͰæˡ
ѵܳ£
ҲʲôõطҪʼҲĹȣҲһ¡
񹬡עҪڽˡԼɵļ̳ҲǱ⽭ð취
Ҳû뵽Լһ֮ѣ˲صĽ
ʼˮ
˱ƽһֻཻǵˣǳˣȴԲˡ
ˮϲҲ̳ͷϣҲܻŮж뷨
ƫƫԵֶԼġ
ҽСᣬʲô֣
ʼ
ʮСգգ۾еʮôֿǺüǡ
ʼǰ˵ݣֻԷߴߴܺǷ˵Ů˵ҲԼľˡֶҲǸŰˡ
ʮʮɣҲʲô
ǵģеʮͽгʮ
ãʮ磬ԺĹȣҡүүһɣǻúչġСֱ˳ʮ֣ѣҪʲôԺ˵ҿԵ۾


109
лȫ֪緢ʲô飬ֻһ߿Լҽ飬żҩ¯ڰƵҩˡ
ˮһʹг뿪ˣֻһЩšлѾѨΪһ¹ƲһߵģǡÿԲһлᶵҳϡ
ˣлᶸ޽ŸС
Σյĵطȫĵطл˵ֻҪģȴһеȻͿˡ
лᶶԼĶλ
ƺ㶼šﰲл¾õӣ޸п
Ǵִ̨Ϸصġ
ִϵ˼ȫȥ׷ȥˣˮҲСﰲԭҲҪˮһͬȥֻˮһǷгʵģҲʺ׷ֻʱȻ
ȵﰲлȫ֪µӣмһĽ־ЩЦ
лᶾ˵ģһûа⡣ǻУǸضزסġһĶл¹ˣлᶵҽ²ȫ⿪ѵҲûлİ취
лᶲҪ뿪һҵĽڰˡ
һĸˮͬлĵġ
ͬǴֻΪлһ˼˰Լƽƽ棬ͬǰ񹬹ȴȫͬ
εȲ
ﰲ˶꣬ÿл˺޵ʱлûɵĨ⡣
ЩˣǱӰġ
л㣬Ǳүƫġ
лֻݣҲһֱˮܡѧϰҽô꣬ҲֻܽԭͺлᶳƵлĳӡ
лվл룬㱻֮Ҳ䲻лᶡ
ҴܺãȻûʲôýŵġлתͷﰲɫԣемֲ²⣬ջĵ磬ִѵʲôô
һǲָһЩ£
ȻﰲĿǰһֶûһлֱǺһйء
֪ã񹬵һ͵Ϯ˻ԣﰲлеӣжҪ֪лᶵ֪һ֮󣬵׻ʲôı飿
һ͵Ϯлգգ۾ƺûзӦ
ǣ͵Ϯ֣ƺһȫûйϵ
ԭлʵ޷һϵ
⵹˵лᶲһֻǵĴڶһΰˡ
ΪʦͿӵôﰲлᶻδӦҲɿ˼֣ŴˣѩһأͿ˾綾ʦһʱˣµȵ֮书ҲҪˣٲʦ֮ˡϧϧзˣҲߵһˮƹţʵʮϸ¡
֪ˮˣֻû뵽Ǹ˻ѩˡϾѩڽϵһֱһĸ
ĸѣһǿҲõġ
ѩ죿һأ
лᶼҪЦ
Ҳ˵͵Ϯѩ죬˵һȫܡ
һϹʲôĽ˿װ°ʹ˺ü
ǵġ
ü
Ⱦ˵ˣΪңԵʣ൱Ǯϣܶ鶼ǿǮġ
ʲôǹĲϣ˵׶Ϊϡٶ
ֻҪǮϡҲõ
һ·ֻǵʽʵʸΪ
£üƷ˿֯͵ġ
һҼҲüƷ˿֯һССİƴĻסԼؿڶѡһȫװģûУ
ģҲûƣ
ϰߣһֱȵһΪʦ֮Ҳûиģһ˿š
ǾҲһһӡӡ
صһﰲ˵һأ
лԼһѣԼЦ
ѩ졭
ѩǸʲôˣܲѩҪбѵģͱһˣõڣ˵ѩ첻ͽͽֻҪһߴˣᱻһϴԡ
κ⡣
֪ѽһ㣬ʵˡﰲлɫЩ죬ƺǵżģ㿪˲٣ҪҪȥһ;죬Ҳǵһˡ
һѾ˻ԣˮҲȥ׷رˣлѾûѡҲ˱лˣҲǻᱻץġ
ȥлﰲô˵Ȳľ˳ȥ
񹬹Ρﰲлϣæտҩ¯ѾԤϵл֮ĵĳ
ʵϣлܳȥ֮󣬾ַǽڣ졣
ԼЦ
һƺĺܿİ
˵ߡ
ˮͳʼ˲ŵĿŶԷӶԷ۾￴ԼһЩ΢ɲİ
СᣬСĶ
Сᣬҵ·أҲˡ
Сᣬүүͬ͡ԲҰѳֲס
黭ӿˮԺܹʼ֮ǰ
ǵģˮôһ̼Ҳ½½һЩ顣
粻Ҫ
ʧʱԼԼŮ˵ģ
ҵʱû뵽̥֮ᡣ˼ѾףҲûȥıҪ
һӶͯӵķˣŮ֮Ĺ£û뵽ʧˮҲСᣬѾû˹ȥİԵͷԳʼϹӣָҲǲܵġ
ԼҲͺͳʼദһ²ӣͳɹĽʼϴˡ
Ϊ񱦵䡷ͳʼֶȹһʱ⡣
ȵ󣬷˷СͻȻͻУҲҪָļʱ򣬲û߻ħ
ô£
ˮͳʼƤӵ¸һˣ
ңˮȻҪˣ
㷲ٲĽϵ飬Ҳ֪񹬹ͺһζʲô
˳ĺӶˡ
š̥˽ˮͳʼõʱΪлָ䣬ˮһŭ֮½ʼɱ
ǾͿЦˡ
ʵҲˡ
ˮŶĺԽԽ󣬼Ҳ𽥻ָ֮ͬʱҲʧȥͳʼһļ䡣
ԴˣԼǴ򣬲еԵʡ
ָֻ֪ˮԼе鱩ףüҪ֪˭ĺӣڷ˵Ŭ£ˮͷ
ڳʼǱߣƭ˵СΪ̫Ѫˡ
Ͼʼ۾ҲˣҪǵȵСˮɾʹˡ
ֻܿ쵶ն顣
֮飬ұ㶼֪ˡ
ҲţҲţⲻģʼﻹ֮ǰ緢յӣ
ֻүһЦ
ˮС᣿
Ǻǡ
ֱ֮
Сᡢ桢Լһһ⣬ԼĺӣǷ˵ŮˮأҲٳ޵ĵطԵɫԸԶΪκͣ
Ȼ෴ˣȻͬһˣ
ʲôЦ
Բš
һǷ˺˫ħƭ
һǲҪرͼҲűôһԡʼҧҧʼղԸࡣ
ֻǼӿٶȣȥеĲرͼ
˫ħû뵽ʼȻֱ֣ϸ룬Ҳ޿ɺǡ
˭뵽Լôİ˾ȻˮأڳʼΪС費˼Ժõʱˮ߿ûϹ
ò׵ȵʼִƺʱ򣬳ԵĻһ
Ŷˣһ
˻԰ɣ
ֱϸ롣
˫ħΪʶ㣬һ뵽ʼĴ֮ǰЩ£ʼ˾ͺһЦ
Ը࣬Ҳ֮С
ס֣
ˮԭҲҪҳʼˣʼһһȥرͼҲֻȸд㣬Ƚرͼõ˵ġ
ʼҪҵǸΣ
һĶµ֣οһ˯ˣ
˫ħʼˮôŬҲʲá
˵ѹʱ
һˣԸĸʦ
ֻҪǲ£ҪסĶûôˡ
˼󣬷Щ֧˫ħҲûֵúȥеħѾֻгûнŮħҲǻѪ
ʼˮ׳ʱ򣬹ʶܺúü֡
ۿųʼּѾ˷˵·ת۾ܽرͼõ֡
˵ʱʱ죡
һϤҩٶ
ȴ֮ǰǸڷǰֹˣ
ϣܡ˸ҩۣ̾Ҫŷܡ
ôһ书΢ˣҲ֪Ҫöڼʦǰ֣
Щжδı棬ԷȻĳ
ܹʱ͸ˡ
˿Ŷĳʼˮֿ˿Ա߻˫ħһ
Ҳܡ˽ٶȽĲرͼֱȴŲرͼܣϷסǡ
Ҫһѡ
ڶģǰһŵǧѪɣ
֮õĲرͼôУ˵ȥûš
ɵվʲôܣЩʿѾ׷ˣ˰ߴһ
Ҫˣ͵һˡȴҡҡͷʾԼҪ
顪
ڷ˺˵֮ʣʼͻȻο쵽˼飬˲͵˷˺ǰ
伲磬硣
ֱŲرͼȥһץ֮£ǲԸֲرͼֱ۶ᱻ
Ŀ΢ͬѸײڶ֮ƵٶֱӺͳʼһơ
ɾ޴ײΧĲľƱ紵һ㣬ˢˢ졣
㻹ʱ˦˦ֱۣЩΡ
㵽˭ʼۿǰˣܹȫһƵˣָ
ЦЦҿԼϵݡ
¶һŽгʼҪȴֲ뿴
һ


110
һǰǳʼˣĽҲһһɵۡ

ô᣿
˻ô
رͼвرͼ
õ˲رͼ

ۼĿһƤ;
ǣһٴγΪȫߵĽ㡣
ЩļƵˣ˿ԺиһִжԽԽǾһֱ¡
ֻһթȴ͵͵֮С
ŴҶΪ˲رͼһʱѾĵĽرͼС
û֪ôģҲҪֻ֪̣Ҫ֪С
ˮںһⳡԾϣЦ˻ûа죬ξתˡ
ܹһĶأ
񹬵죬ͱ䲻ˣ
Ȼûˮǰֵһ³ɺһͬӿͷ
ҵĺףϲⲻΪѩ֮ĹܹùôһһЦ˳߹ʮжپͨݵĵӣѵô
һȻûרҵġ
ϾҲǸΣְҵһСľ׽ѹȥġѡ˸ʱú篰æһݰˡ
ˮɫѿȻ֪ﾫͨݵĺܶࡣѩ˵һ߾һк篵ģ뻯Ҳٰһࡣ
̰治ҵ֡ˮЦʦҪô
⻰˵ȤʦҪͺһңѵͲˣһúЦ軹һ׵˫굳ôֻݹٷŻյƵô
˵ǴˮһϷһ̲סǰڴʱ˿ҲԵúΥ͸С
תͷȥʼֳʼҲ鸴ӵĿ
ȥˮСһ⣬ʣľϲֻǾŴžһˡ
һȳʼ˵Ѿʳ˿ڡ
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ʲôʱģ˴ͷβһһ飬׷ʵ
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ΪףıһһһΡ
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ΪˮúöԴӣû뵽ˮͳʼһԸĸͲʲôƲ硣ĸĸûлҪǿЩ
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Ϊһ蹷ѪǾͿʼ·˰


111
ѪֶǻᴫȾġ
Ƕ֪һκιմϡѪ֣Ǹ仹ǸڵĽɫҪʼˡ
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ôţһ㲻پᣬóϵ˿ԼеĲرͼȻ͵ķܡ
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ţ֣¼α΢һ㣬ǿһͳʼĶԻһ㻰ͷɹƲࡣ
Ͼʼһ̬ǰ仯ʵ̫ˡ
վסˮҲǾŭӣתͷԱһֱĬѩ죬ŭ㵱ĵĺ˵ǳϵһһôôֱ
һͶ˷֮ģѩæͷ˵빬ûйҲпͣΪѪķϣˡΡ
Ҳֻ֪ΪʦǶõġô´һˮ˿ŭޱȣֻҲ֪֮ʣǽѩɱˣ½һĶԾ͸ûʤˡ
֮ǰѩٻЩɵҲһг˸ˮҲΡ
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УΪ˵׷ңҶٶȣܵҶ·ĺô
УԼܣǾûһ˻еĲô
ǵӲװˮ滹ɣȻʵ޷⣬ô޴ôܹôģ
һʶʱΪܣֻҪرͼǲһһ֣¼δȺ֮߳΢΢ЦЦ赭дһը.ˮͳʼĶӣ񹬺ͺδˣЩˣȲһëνǧ֮ãΪһŲرͼαأ
ʲôˮͳʼĶӣ
ȵȣˮ굽׶󣿡
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ǲʲôֻƾһǻѪǰСᡣһһ񹬺ͺҪΪһˡ
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ҪܹĹĳһӾ磬ظˣ


112
һΪ˲ͽˮͳʼ֮ĹѪΧĨɱһɶ
˵Ҫѡµһƻյˣôһڶû˵һ
ʼһ˼ֱ֪ӦμӻΪǽʲôƺز֮ǰ״̬Ҳûʲôټ˵ȥˡ
˵Խ࣬ҲֻǸһҵԽˡ
ȻˮĿһ۾ӵǺεɱСˣҴ߹Ҳãֻ㿴Ҳã۾￴ԶϷˡ
ˮһģҲкġ
ԭȻһŮӣΪһ˵̬ȡ
ΪЩ˻ıϷҪÿȻҪ࿴ۡһƽĿˮͳʼˣҲŲǰ̬ҲܲܶùңҾǱǿҲҾͻạ̇̄Ϊ˸ĸȨ
ĸ֮죬ТΪȣԴΪסţü˵һſ޼ɣֻ֪ţˡ
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лĿԵʣ˵Ȼ˵
һԴаʣȻֵĸӽŷ
ȻҲ˵˵ɶǶԵġ
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ӣҲӣȷҪһ𣿡ʼԭһľ񣬲ΪɫԣˡһľٶҲûʲô֣Ͼ񹬳ŮҪζҲеġ
һһԼĶӣʼΪ΢ˡ
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ҪĶͷβֻһŲرͼѡ
Ҫ˵ʲôҲ޲
лҽȵģˣԺлҽǷ
Ҳǡ
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֮ǰɳʼֽ֮֮͸ˮִˮɹ뼫ɽׯĳ
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114
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Դһһ쿪ʼͻȻһ䣬һ·ûķޡ
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ģлЩŽɣҲֱܷһĻˣһ̬һ֤һ˵Ķġ
Ȼˡһ϶ĻشĲ˫ԣһжˮǸһġܽԼ˸ӣԲŶ˫ԣҵĶͷϵһĨɰ룬Ϊƭ񹬵ˡ
µҲûʲô˵ˡ
ᣬȻҪеȫ
ȻҪǵȵǰһ죬лٴӱ˿е֪Լƭ˵飬ʱ׻Ҫôɣ
⵹Ҳһöࡣ
ǰɣǵĳɻ飬ûмۣһζǳɲ˵ġ
һò
һװףһ׮һĽе鶼ԼҪл񹬵鶼֮лᶵɫͱ
ȵһ˵Ŀڶˣһһˮ֮󣬼лᶻһԲҲЩġ
ò˰ɡ
һҲԩ
ǲҪ̹ף£
ԣĲ˫ԣˡ
ȻˡһͦͦţѲΪ˫ԲϲңˣͲϲˣ
ܳɡ
һѵЩ飬ͬʱҲһ뷨
лᶸ˵һǣ͸ҽлᶵֱӴϣȻֱӹСÿ˯飬˯Ϊֹ
òģҲҪõˣ
ϣ¶ǼٵģΨлһʵġҪҲȥһұ֤Լʲô
밮ˣҪƨˣʲôЦһǺ۸ô
лȸİףɲܹ̫ݡ
̫ˡлһ䡣
ţ
һ䣬лᶸղ˵ʲô
ͻȻһͱлһ˹ȥ
ıڻ
лᶽͷһļϡ
һܹолᶵڼҵ
л˵ʵ̫ѵá
ΪôƲסԼʱ
һȻ֪лᶵԺЩʲôлһ̫࣬һĬĬı̫࣬жµ֮Żô졣
㲻˫ԣ̫ˡл˵˫ԪּΪѣڵģһߣһ㻳ˣһһЩҸ˽ҲƵĲӦҪôźá֪㲻˫ԣ̫ˡ
ϿĻ˫ˣлⱲӶһ˳˵˫ˡ
ôأ
ҽѧһϻһźֻҪһֵܹĻţı㶼Ҫˡ


116
ΪˮҵˡлᶡϢѾ㷺ЩӣǱǰ̽ɱɱĽΡ
Ȼʹô̽ӣҲʼûˮҪЩˡ
û˹Ҳʼûг֡
Ѳɣˣ
ܡ
ˮֱžԲô׾ˡֲɴģԵúǽꡣ
ﰲЩг跴ֺҲֻ÷ơ
˵úͺЩϺ򽻵
ôͽ·߳ˣ
ˮǺܶ
ʦ˵ǱߺѾҵرˡѩ켱ææܹǲرͼȻЩϸϵαãһֱҲȷĲرڵķλ
ڻ˴֮󣬾ͲҲˡ
棿ˮŴˣ̽еЩ׵һߡ
ǡѩ϶ϢܿͻᴫȥʦҪźá
ǺǴʦˮǿﰲҩǿѹסԼƣǿ˹ҲֻǺ³ŹʱˣҲս֡
رò׳֣ҪҲǾܵġ
ʲô뷨ˮתͷȥ
ʦҾʱҪҳ͢æѩ챾˵лᶣлӤãлӤͷңҲǴʦʱǺͺܾˣǾ֮
ѩδȫõˮΣ⡰лᶡǼٵĵϢδ֪
ˮϸĽѩĻ˱飬˵Ҳ
ΣҲݲˡ
¾ͽȥ졣ˮ΢΢Ц죬Ψһͽܣõ˲رĶ񹬣񹬵ιɲҪʧ
ǣʦ
ν㷽ҵǳ
رⱻҵϢҲ֪й¶ˣ˲䴫齭
ŭɶûа취ֹϢɢ
Ϊˣ֪ɱ˶ٸɵĵӣûá
ֻȽʱ򿪲رʱ¶赲ȥرĺöޱ˵
뷨Ǻܺõġ
Ȼȵʱ򣬺ŷֺľǶˣ
Ŷˡ
֮ǰм˵ҪǺԴᾫڽϴɨʼʱЧܺãϵһ𡰺־ͻĪʱʢɵȵʱ䳤ˣЩ˵ѪҲʼ
ЩʣµҲԶˣҪʱٻͲܡ
صĵǣ඼곤Ļƽӹġ
ʼرϢ㿴ӦδãͷۣΪسʼıҲֻѯˡ
常αģ常ǴʦǧҲܶɱأοЩں֮ڣǲرܹΪ常۵ģҲôֻҪĶõ֣ʣµģѼǡ
˵ĵҲЩֻǷǸϲ²ô׷֡γֻ֪ĵǷĵʱƴԿʱ򵩱ʱ䣬ҲͺԼʧ֮ˡ
常ŵùʱͽðɡ
΢΢ףʾʼȥ
ֻǵȵʼ뿪֮ɫͱ˲١
㶼ˣܵ˶ġתͷ˵ܲܳΪͿܲܽεĻɱˡ
ɫǵͨ죬ڴͼ常ܷģ
ԭΪ常Ǹӿسʼģȴû뵽常͵͵ĺ
ɼ常ҲǺܿġ
ҺڴĻش
ǲرλãʵ̫ɺˡ
ɺϵòɣʼǲǴӿʼ֪ﲻԣԲֱǸСϡ
ǵģ˭Ҳû뵽رλþȻһ֪Сϡ
û뵽ǣСҲв
֣ôСе죿
Ҳá
ϸ룬ϴǿźл˻ǲҲ
ô˵ˣ
رȻͲǾȻô
˵źлᶶˣʵ̫ϧˡ

Щ˷ʲôƨǹû
ٶ˵䣬Ͱǵͷ
ܿ죬Щ˾ͱЩͬεŮǸֹסˡ
ʷ˫˴񹬵ڸ
˽ʢ񹬲ǲܵġ
٣Ҳװʵ㡣
Ϊ񹬻ǰô˲޵ĻûţǳҲᱻˮɱ
ұɱ֮ǰҾɱ㣡
񹬵ӰҲ۸һҶ֮񹬵ӵȫʤա
˫ֵҲ
źлݣЩ֮С
ʷ˫Ҳмֵƣ⡣
֮ѡлһݶǻصȥҪлᶶ֮⣬ҲҪúĥĥЩ񹬵ǡ
ǰΪڣ񹬵ĵӴ˼ֻҪȥСɲУѾ˴㣬ԺҪл˺úõĳȥ棬ôأҪ齻ȥ͵öĵӡ
ѩһʷ˫Ҳһ
ĺˣԺûԼҲ˳תж˼ϵص
ѡˣȻлԱ߸͵
ò֣¼κͷ˶ת֮ǰ߱ҲЦ
лЩΡ
ҲĲ֪Լûı¡
ֱ£ҲõԼûԿˡ
Ȼ˲ر⣬㲻Ҫ¶棬һὫ.ҩӳȥġлᶵ֣ЦЦѽѽѽҿڴʱʲôӦأлᶣҩ̫ˡ
лᶳĬ
Ҳû뵽Чôá
ҩԡ
ҩĲţǻ͡
ȡ
һŮ˶ˣǰûٱιҩҩʮ㡣ⴺ.ҩõЧضǺҲЧġ
ʵ֤Чǳá
ͱһŮ˾ͻŻ£Ǵ.ҩ£Ȼһ˯˸ӣ˫ȶվˣܼ
ǿǿ
񹬵Ǳʾ̷ǳã׷Ҫлһȥ
лܾˡ
ҩˣ
ֻ֮󣬻ɫף¶²ңͲûеԾˣлᶲòָĨȥμ䡣
úøɻôڼΣ±Ӷ׽Ůˡ
˳ᣬⰾƴ.ҩҩɽϣЩԵ֮󣬷ӭ˷.ڡٵȼ£ɽϵҰζҪԲˡ
лᶹȻǱûˡ
Ҫǲ˵ҽתרд˵¾ǻʵ϶Ҫлҩˣ
˿źӰ
Сļҿջϱˮͽھֵ˸ռˡܹסģȫʦ˵ΪεĲر⣬㳲ûʣ¼ˡ
ˣⳡϷ㿪ʼ

⽭ĸʦǣƽƽɽǰ
ϸȥǵ϶ٶˡ
ɽƽɽʱȴ˹Ź̶ֵȱò˵ˡҲҺⶾϵĶѾݣмû֮ǣ´ҲҪ˳ˡ
Σ˾͸ȷǲرλˡ
ȫڽǰЩССַֻǱĿ񣬽鶼˳ʼͳӡ
εػлӤߣлӤǵĹǣǲΪ֣¼ζ̾磬ĵ˸֡
ˮﰲѩȸ£߻вٿг裬·ҲЦﲻϡ
ʣµЩֵĽʿԵЩɢɢҲЩ̶ܹڵģбµġлвڽ伣Ϊرسˡ
лᶺҲУҲۡ
Ϸ泩
лᶿⶨеӣϤĵطܾﲻԡ
ĻǲرӦڵĵطô
лôţҲͰŵĶ䣬ĵʳ˿ڡ
лᶣȻ˽㡣ôرǼٵأŴܵ
ĺܺ棬ֱصİ壬Ϊʵѩ춼û˵
ôϲǮҾ㲻ô򵥵ľͽرϢųŵӦֱӸʲôġ
Щ̶ԼЩ󷨣ҸоǰġЩ󷨶Ÿ˸ĿȫǣлǰҲоӡ
ȻҪǣɽ֮ǰҩɽ
û´Ǹر⣬ȻǱ¼ֵǸɽ
ʱµʱѾ͵ˣлʵ
лг¶һҺοıϲʡԴ飬ڶ顣
ȥȻҲǲر⣬ȴŵĲر⡣ģ˺úõαװȥˣ֤ģһ΢΢Цǵ⣬ΤСУҲѧѧ
ҵģǻʵϱء


117
رǰǣ˭Ƚȥأ
ˮǺֻ֣¼ˡ˭ҪһȥģҲǣ˭һγȥˣ̻ᱻȺ֮
ʼΪֻǶݵ˼һ˲˾رʲôƱҪΪһȥˡ
ǣ常ʼźڣѸٷɢʰԲΣм䡣
ݡлӤ֪ҪͷЩʦǴȡһѾϸСɵĹ.ֱ׼Щڡ
ô̵ľ룬ЩҪҲǶ㿪ġ
Ҳһʱվ˳ζǰĺҲǾ֡
ռϷ磬ѹڶʮ˥ֻǿһˡˣˣ⽭ˣ
ˮŤͷﰲһۣﰲ΢΢ס
ﰲƳ˺ЩĶ.ҩȫЩгϡҪ֮ʱЩг趼ΪǵĵƣЩȫɱ⣡
սһ
Ҳ֪˭ȶģֻǴһʱԾĶһ
ˮǳʼڻ򶷡ʣµЩҲĴҿ˭Ҫǰһ̻ᱻΧһӵϡ
ѣ֡
Ҳ֪һ֮Щɥҵܹ׬Ǯ
ûϵ֮ǰһչɥӣҲܺúõķһ˲ơ
ȥҲǣȳΧķ֣¼Ρ
滨ɲɲԼѩ졣
˫˼ûǰǳûץ˼ˮг裬ѯлᶡ䡣
ѩ죬㱳һȣΪˮῴôҿ㵹תͶҳ͢Թ书òǽʹã֣¼αѩţԼȫԸҲѩ忪ֻһõˣóʧ
ǣϻ˵ѩνϣ֣¼ʴʡ
һ϶֣¼ֱ̫ǽǣеĽ̻ĸˡ
ûأ
ˣ
С
һһѽζĹӳл˿Ϸʮϡ
֣¼书У˼̫࣬ٺõ书ķҪʦҲֻܿˡ
Ľͻƣѩ쳳һܣǼٵģҲ㹻Ϊͻˣϧֻ˻ûҪǳ罣ǸһˣҹܳΪʦˡ
컹⣬С
ŶǰĶ޵Ķôˡ
лֻ˵ģȥ˼һӴϢ
νˣһĺá
Ҫǻǰлᶣô཭ΪһĪеĲرɱ϶Ҫվֹǣϣȫͣú侲һڣô֮лҲٻصǸԽܱԹµʱˡ
һ˵ֻҪ˻ڽϴ棬˶ãʮʮһ˳ɳǻĲʹٶܶʼ
ҲΪʲôܶ཭ǰһЩ֮ѡϴԭ
ǸȾס
һУҪٱ̫ˡ
Ϊ㻹ǳôģˣҪϣźһƽĿⳡҶ˵һʤߡ
޵УΧ˼ûпѱǿ𿪡


ǿԼҵһ˲ر⣬Ҳ٣˲˶־
Ǻ޵еġ
ؿڣǵһʱ롣
ޣƥݡˮͻֳʼ©˰иҲٶ˼׷ȥ
ܡʼҲ׷ˮȥһͬɽ
֣¼ѩ졢϶ҲǷ׷ײһʱ䳯ɽڱȥ
رһֻһˣȥЩſģʣµҪȥҪһˡ
Ҳ׼һ°ɡһٵһӣˡ
ɽҲٻصġ
ÿһأһҶǰ
ɽ֮УŷɽЩϾɵķ֣ұϻɢʵ⡣
ҹ飿һץָûɽǽڣǶֱ˳顣ôˣֵɱҹҪĶࡣ
Ҳ飬ûô󣬸ûô峺͸ɽǽǶĶҹĻôЩ㹻Ǻһˡ
ر⣬ǵģ
֪׹󣬺ִƺ֪࣬׵ĵȷҲ׬ǮĲҵǱҪЩˣÿյĻѸˮһ㡣һյ⣬ںֻرĶǺҲڱصá
ƿɵأ
˵ЩʧޣǸװãҲԶԶʦġ
ǰ˳ǰһ·ƻأǷ˺ķĵˡ
֣¼κܿϵһ
ôĻأҲû赲ʦɲ⡣֣¼οɽﱻƻĻأԽǾ
ɽǶŵҹҲǽѡ
ЩڹŵϺŵıˣȴֻˡ
Ҳ硣
֣¼űȻһ£Լȫ׾ٵĽЩӴɽǽȡ׽һǽڸ顣
ֵҲҪǺԭĴʦӦеʵ
⼸ѶܳƵˡ
ţֱչô࣬˥δĴʦɱȡ׷ϣĸԣ»Ὣɽ书ķȫСߵģֱӻٵҲ˰ϣĳ̾Ҳ޼ƿʩ
ǵÿЩˡ֣¼ﻹס
ɽǳխģҲЩ
һл˻켣Уת۳ˡ
ѩ˽ɽִһΧûˣŷԺݺݵһ
ɵʱ򣬵һ˵
Ƚȥ˵ġ
Ĭʮ˼ȴҲ֪ǰʲôҪġ
ɽ̫Ը죬Ҳ̫ࡣ򣬺ܿ׷ǰĺ
ʱɽﱾٿİˣһлҲԵûôͻأ֪жʿ˵ͽͽǶˡ
лҲʮֺ棬Ǵʦ¶һ޶ɽԭеֱһ۸ĵĹҲʦˡ
һȴʮţ˵ѽ.ҩǰĨǹϣʦһС
̷ֻǴ߿ڱĻҪʱ䡣˵ҲҪ⹦ǰͣһϡһҪô࣬һʶĴʦΪһƪͣôʱأ
лˣһȴЦе˵й¶лԼȥ
֣¼εҲվĳǽǰĺ
˷·ǳˣ۾һգգĶǽϵָ֣ڶϸдʡ
ǿȥǽϵķĶǿϵҲʱߣңѹ˵һһֻǰĹˡξһֱ׷Ķ
ģʼջ̫Сˡͻˣûһͬǰۿ
˾ùŹޱȣȴְסġ
ܹúԵĹ׻ʲôӵģ
棬ҲǺޱȡ
ɺŻǰ
ҪǰҲܡ
ôɽǾṦҲʩչ˵͵Ϯˡ
ǵýĿɽϡ
Ǹֽ鱦ΪʱԶԵʣЩЩ鱦ΣҲ޹⡣ֵܻǮڵļֵȴҪۿۡ
ʯĻ΢һ㣬ЩƵ޿ɾҩ
֪ЩǿԽģлǳ˾޴ʧ䡣
⣬ӦǸɵйĲƱ
ڣȴˡ
ɳб̾Ϣô
һʥġͼи̳ɵãӱʴֻһˣ
Ǹһʱңɵ书ķɶȫּˣ
üͭǮȫˡ
ÿһһ󰧺
һаԵ⡣
ߡ
٣Ҳ϶ôʡŻôġЩӸĿ޶඼ΪʱԶϼ۵ġ
Щյľõģٷٷšڵҩʲôģٺ٣ʲôأҲҳ԰˷ѣ
ЩҲˡ
ɶһбġ
ҿӣ쿴ǽ书ķ
书ǽϣ
ˮʼҲɳǽϵĹȥʱ˴ʦǱ߶ռģȴǿԿ
һлܹ˵书أ
֣¼οǽϵĹԼͬĳ
һ븹죿
Թ


118
Ȼһд书ķĿǰ񹬵һЩѧһ֡书ؼֶϹдһﲻԾ߻ħĿˣ书ִȥóȻһԼûм书
һΪʦ֣ûˮ׼Ҳûȥдһдʦɵ书ؼ
ЦֻҪܹΪʦѳƵǷˡʲôĲǵùൽȥ
Ҳ˵Ŀǰ书ˮƽʵʵµһҪĽдõĻôضµһһҲķڷˡ
Ҫôһˣ͵չ˼·
书ؼһǱ಻ˣĶҪ࣬Ǻ׵ġ
ռʲôȻˣ
ģƩʲôհʲôģдϲ̫һҪҲϽ˵ɾͲһеϵǿǹҵ伮ת߿ݣǷ걸߼Ǣġ
ӴϵȥƭһĴʦô
ֻҪ̰㣬νĳ׷ôƭһ㲻ѡ
ܹ书λж书ȨƵ.ȻǷŨҵġ
ʶһɽǽϿʱǰҲûС
ʽǰΪԲԲһΪʦΪԲͻƺ󣬱ֱתΪڣΪʿ
תȬòפԲΪ븹֣ϻͯҲ¡
Ǵʦǵ书ֵزԼߵ书۷壬ҪǰҲ֪ǰˣʱȥ˥ˣ书ֻԽˡ
ʲô书ʦҲѰ˶һЩ꣬ҪΪһgġ
вûٶǰûָ·ˡǵĴڣǽ۷
ãȻ޴ġ
һѡɽ֣һѡתĿ껻ȡȨ
ڣȴֱָδķ
ԭʦյ㣬ֻ㣡
ԭ书ϣȻг·
ϣ绽꣬ԭǻ룿
⻰ȷЦǽڵĿϣд˺ÿһ׶еı仯ͬʱдĻƪǾ䡰֪㡱ǽ
ٵģôܱ걸ʵ
ƪĵõĺ󣬿ʿƬݴϣԼܹתΪʿԪѣĵرд˳ɾ͡Ƭ̫࣬ѷҪһֻܺѰءֻǰ·ã֪ڣʶɽпĵãԵˡ
ƪĵã˵ˣΪ԰ֻ̤ײĵķ˴˴ð˾⣬·ӵ˵ʱĺ׳־
λǰƵأ
һ֪ع㡣̾ԭҲֻ쳾ͨ˰ˣδ֪ؾȻģ˵أ
ҾãϸáԼĺӣһ˲俴źĿ˲١
ǿеԲҪѰ٣Ҫˡ
ֻǰ˵ˣĵõĺԲߣҪõԵ»Ҫħħǡ
䣬ȻԼЩ
תͷģַĵҲţƺʲôʡ
Īǣħ
ֻܹԹ۵ķֻʣһǽϵġ
֣¼ε˷ܼ佭ʿڿ˹Թʱ򣬷׷׾.һ
ʲôЦ
ΪȰԼˣ
ǾµһʲôȤ
ȫܽܣЩ˵ľȴһգգ
Ĳ
ܹرˣһǽϺպĶֻ֡ҪһĿƪķĲ״ǣƪȻ书ݲȫõԼԭ书ͻӶ߻ħ
߻ħԹҲǲɽܡ
ȵȣһǲܽܰ
ˣһЩʹεǿԼ߸ŲЩʹģȴʼоᡣ
Ȼ˵ҪԹȷ𣬺ܶңԽԽ꽥ҲʼʱԹʤԹˡ
Ȼˣ˺һ˰˴Ӷȡ书ϵĴɣΪһʦһЩС⣿
ߣܹرҲôЩˣˣ˭֪Լ书أ
˼ʵ˼ˮЦ书ʺЩû.ֵġ
ɲЦô
书һǸãˮˣⲻֻ
һ뵽ʱ书ȫˣЦ켸ҹ
ʼǽϵ书ķҲĬĬŤͷ
ҺʦˣҪŹҪ֪Ϊʦطʲ˵ҺķѵǮҩҲԼⲿ书ֻҪһΪʦĸʣԸأ
ֶֻ䷽治ȱʱӵУݳ޵ĺܡЩ˵һĲֵ
ǴСӿʼ书Ƕջ
ˮʼⲿ书úȻвмȴҲʼĬ
ֻҪԼУ˿
ĬĬĿѩ죬죬Ҳ
òȢһϱ̰ʱΪһ书ѣҪԹУԲУ
Ҳͬ⡣ѩѹҧгݵһлϸŪ㲹ĵҩأҪˣûУ
ôίģֻҪһˣҪ书ػѣ׻˺ô
˵Ҳ̫ˡ
ѩĬĬԼҹϷֵġ
رļֱ֣ҪǰҲƣΪġ
书ķֲǰһֱÿء
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书ֱΪģһһȥЩС̫ʱӵж书ǿ£ЩˣһǵĶ֣
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ʱ򣬴ʲôǴҪˣⲿ书ķ
ɽûйߣ˻ӣǽϵһЩֻǿ̫˲òȥֱ塣
Ҫ֪书ķһֲܴģȻõҪôˡ
ȫеǸûз֣ɽĻҳʵһЩĶ
һʱ䣬лʹ˸ɫʾ뿪
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Щ¼ķˣһһһӲġ
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ٽʿЩȥ񹬵ӣбġҲԣŮӣ书ǸͲֲǲԸͣ
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Щ˲񹬷ˮʼȴ
񹬵ı̫ˡ
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죡ˮͻȻһ䣬ȥЩͽȥʲôˣ
ѩӧû뵽ˮֱӷԸѹϲ⣬ĵһǣ漴ɿ׷ȥ
ԡʼʼվﲻԣǵϸ룬ַһƺûʲôĵط
ǣ̫ˡ
ָоóʼϤ
ǰһƻıʱƺҲ
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ʼлɣæһŽⶾЧԽ
ô£ˮҲʶ˲ԣֻϾڷϸΪͨܿͷϵĲԡ
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ѿʼ𽥿
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뿪ʼҧһ⣬ʹ˲١
һˮˮҲĵ˵Ļ
ͣĳɽڱȥ
ɽĬĬдĳʿ˵ĵӣԱߵĽֵܣȻЩڸ


119
飬лӦÿġ
Ȼ.ҩȷƳġ
Ų˵갵źûãͿڿ񹬵ĵҲˡ
ȵѩҲڲ֮ž͸ûй˼ˣ׼ɽڷ¶ʯʱ򣬳ʼѾ̲ˮˮ֣æŵģûüۣŴˡ
ǵܵÿ죬Ӱ˳Ҳȥˡ
룬ʾѩṦȥԵ׹ҪβˣҪʼա
ѩ쿴ָķ򣬼ᶨĴǡ
ϾǸࡣҪã츳㣬ôҪĽ
ǽ֪ѩģָӶҪȥ
ѲΪ˶츳ǿ̬
ɽﵽ׷ʲ飿ڰҲЩӰ죬ƺҲá
ҲȥɡƳۣļ˵סҪ̡

ͷˮ
ѩȥԸˮǿĵġ˲ɿľͺѩͬ뿪
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ͷǲˡŻΪźʵҪǳȻ.Ϊħıأػܾʡ
ѽлᶺֺЦüͷĵô࣬Ȼ׼˶ʯУǽϿ̵Ķ滹Ǽ٣
ʯǻˣԺ㿴˾֪Űڰ֣Ҷʯֶϵĺң߹ٹԼĹʱõĶ
ϾʯļӲȿʯ·Ҫǲܵġ
ŵ뷨Ҳܼ򵥣öʯӣЩҩļһܳҸŮǲҸŮҲС
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˺ͺ˿ȺħľԽᶨħ
ħô˷˼ĳ
ҲһͬʱˣҲûֶ.ҩڳĸУ
һΪħǴСͯӼʶû.ҩͷȥ룬ƽľǿԱ֧š
ЩѾʧȥǵҪλֶţûпֱӱɳȥˡ
Ѿ̽Եˣ쳾ٶ£Ҳ޹ˡ
߰ɣлȥĲرص㿴۰ɡЦе˵ʵĲرص㣬ҲܽԵ֡
ĲرصҲлЩȣôû˵
Ϊǲرͼ̫ббˣҸɫЩѿòҿɽͽ·΢ӳ˵Ĳرɽ֮󡣡
ʵſرͼĵص֮оѾˡ
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Ͼ⼸ɽжٽƱУõֻʣ¼
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ⲻѰ˼лҩ뻹õЧԲ˳ȥ
㲻ⳡϷôлЩ档
ʲÿġŴЦչλʦԶԭѰʵȥˣ֣ǰϣұضµһѾǼȶʵһ㣬ǰ˵ģȽˣҾؼһˡ
лһĺܣҪԵֻܰóˡǡãҲ׼˲ƸӦùˡ
лŴԣЩز
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Ϊʦߣⴺ.ҩЧǿ
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ˮһֿѻ˵ľˣԼ㱾ãԼʵһӣһ˫ԡ
ˡ
ŴС񹬣ĸ׵˵˫ԣ˫ɰǰҲаæ˾֪Ҫס
ʤȯգԼҪֻܱˡ
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ŵһֵ˫ˣҪ˫ѵڴ˵֮УټģżģҲǱֱ֮ɱˣĸûмУ϶ҲСĽĹӣᱻ֡
ȫ͡͵СĽǷġǱ֪˫ԣ
ʼ˸
ɡ
ʱ򣬿Ķ
ѩˮ˵⻰Ц
ʦΪ˵ʲţѩ΢΢ҡͷ㣬Ѿ㵽е顣ΣּΪµһ˻֮ԣҲֻúЦˡ˵һѻ֮Уѱġ
˵ţѩǰֱӽˮ
ʦ˵ǳʱ޷񹬹֮λֻҪȫ㣬Ὣ֮λʽҡȻҪ֮λȴҪػ񹬡
񹬴ʦĽڻڶԼȴ죬ֻܿʶĽǸ޹ȥʱʧĸɸɾˡ
ܹǿֻš
ܹ񹬵ӵõɿֵҲֻš
ʦˮЩ˵Ҳֵһᡣ
ȸ
ʼֱԣҪǰȴֹ
Сˣ˵ǹ˵ˣҲΪļĵķϣСỹֻǴӽԺԼԼȥɡ⽭ˮܹӵʲأ


120
ԴԴϵ˳Žˮϲѩڡ
ˮоԼڷɿʧɫ𽥱Ȼ񱦵䡷һҲ㣿ãõĺܣֲҪѣ
ˮŵƣǡ񱦵䡷ѩʲô⣬ֻҪûѧ񱦵䡷ôˮͿʱѩڵȫɣӶԼˡ
ҲΪѩڹϾȫˮҪԼĻֻȥͬ书šҪ񹬹֮λͱҪ֤񱦵䡷ֻԼܹѧС
˭˵ŮӵҰıȲˣŮ˵Ұֻø񹬹Ǻˮһֻб֤Ķλķڷ
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ȻҪΪβɴɣˮѪȻûȫʧȥԼ书δʧȥ˴룬ٲʦˡ
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лҲҩԡӸҲһݡġĸȫԻαؿڳԳɸأ
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е·ĴڣҪôɽ֣ҪôֱӽɢŮ˸ĵطϺ
ڽ̵ѩʱǲ˽ġ
磬ĴھһĨɫû񹬣öôġ
ʦֻԼѩ쳤̾˿֪񹬵ʱѾΣ֪һ˼ȴֻСС֣ЩҲ޹ؽҪ֪϶ӶӵԹǲ˼ڸġ㣬ֻѡ
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ˮѩĻЦ˼Զ׼Ĳʡ
ЦЦ˼Ѫֱε˹ȥ
ŭģ߻ħصʦǸСˡѩİˮȥǵѪʦԲֻǱ񹬹߻ˡ

˵ĸԵ֣ʱҲҪ⡣ؽѪ̫أֻҪԼӾˡҪָֻŵĸĸҲԲԵТѩĬ˶̵Ļش˵ˣǿ˸ĸҲԶˡ
ʼʱ֪˵ʲô
ֻܽˮҲã˵һ䣬Ǹ
ˮǺõĸĸ
ѩͷὫģܹ⡣
ȵʼˮѾʧ뿪ǰѩֵ죬˫
Ů˫ʲôϵѩŬҪ΢ЦܿͿ˵ˣԺֻһˡ
ԺҲпɿɰСˡ
ء
˵лᶡ
ҵĲرٶȺܿ졣
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Ĳرûʲôض.ҩҲûʲô󷨲·һѾƽˣȫûκεֿ
л˾ôûκ谭ģͷͻʱ·ʱ䣬ҵ⽭֮͵Ĳرڡ
⣬԰ɡŽƴյĲرͼóʾлȷȷ
šлᶵͷ⡣
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лᶱڣӦҲʲô綾
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Ӧûʲôûǵˡ
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Ȼб
ЩɵۣԣӦð
ôƾɵĵطӦǵɨȦ֮󣬲ŷּǰд󱲱ŲͶˣҪԼֻǵȷ˶ѲƱ涼о綾ٻ߾ǸսȥѾȻɽ̮ǡ
ȻʲôûУ
ţôˣлᶺʵǰǵʱ׷ȥˣ
ֻ룬绹پϲҲ֪ġĻشүԻ
湻˴˳ʱүҪͷݴˡ
л˸ĺۼߡ
žҩˡл˶Եþȣ԰ĶзӦ
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Ȼ޻Ѫ᣿лᶿǰͣĵط۾ˣҲûʲôҽķˡ
˳лᶵ߿ȥɽǽƬ֮УôӤȭͷСѪɫĹӹ
Ө͸ܹ֭ˮ
ֳȥܹӼӻӹҩ̲ס뵽⵹ҲܳƵǱˡ
Ϲ˼̣жƽʱԸֶزм˵ı󸶼ֻʵʵǿѪᣬȥ
޻Ѫᣬ˵пϻͯе˵˳ϣഺפлƺЩȥȴҸ޺
Ҫȥժ㡣ſʼֽš
ǡлֹţҽ˵꣬ʵЩ˵Ǽٵġ
ţ㶣ʲôģ
޻Ѫᣬʼʵ޻ѪᣬȴӣˣЧʵӡлЦǰλʵãֱ޳㾡ٹ֮ҵ޻Ѫᣬȥ֮Ȼ˺ӡ
ŶƲвġŶˡ
ǣλ³޻Ѫ֮תлᶻҡͷλ³˫ˣԺԼġ
лһʼ˫˵Ŀʼ
ΪЩʷʵ¼ġ
ֻΪ˫Բ飬Աʷôʸǹ˰ˡ
лᶿʼ˫ԵĺģǴӿƪ¼ʱʼ
ŵù϶Ҫˡ
ֲѧĶΪʲôⰡ


121
ЦҩֶȻ磿粻ˡ
ǲܳԵģҲܳԵġ
һ֣㽫Ӹˣܰȫ
ȻһôʱС˿ô죿
һ㶼Ҫ˫԰
һһ˲˺ܶࡣԲʶ磬ôܻҩֶ
նݳʲôֱӸһչˣܰģ
˶ã޻ӳ˶תŮӳˣҲض걧Ů˫ȫл΢΢Ц֮£Щ˵׵׾٣Щ˵ȴϼѡˣ޻ҲǾҩ
ԣһ̧֣ĿлᶣҪ
šлᶵͷһŹӣ㹻ҵϰٿҩˡ񲻰Ҷòܹɱ̥裬ܹݺݵ׬һʣôһһҲῪĵġ
ϢˣлǳϢˡ
ȻѾʼҩؿˡ
һжļֱҪʹ顣
ḁ̇̄衱ȡûһ޼ûбƸֵĵҩϼ۸òãôҲӦýС衱һȥŮ˫ȫʮӶ֡
һܹôǮһҲͷ˻ٵӵ뷨
˵ҩΣǾͲһҪȥǵˡ
ǲԵġ
лҲԣٺ١
ⲻ֪лȴһ뷨
룬ⱲӼȻѡ;һһ𣬹ǲܰ;ΪһʷҽˡлᶻҪһģܳΪҽҲԲܳΪʲôпʥ֣ңʹ.ҩһҪѡĻʥֺͶʥҲǹȥġ
ֻҪ̥ˣһᳬңġ
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лᶺһ֣Ѿժ˵ĹӣĵĴɽ߳
ɽ񹬵ĵǣѾɵѩ춼Ѿںˡ
񹬵ĵӣһΪʮӻУӡ
Щ񹬵һ
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Ȼ˲ֵܣѾԲصǻȥ֮󣬵ǼĽ͡ʱںһˣ
ҴЩˣûΪֵǵõ䣬һĲѡ
ǾǻྺĹϵԽ࣬ǱֱĹҲԽֻʣʮˣص֮˵ÿһҲָܷһ
еһǿݣȴǵٻô᲻ģ
ִмʶڹЩɵʱ˳ֽǵؼҲˡǻȥ֮Щؼϣ϶ġһҲŴ
ͣлۺײβĻͣ𽥳Ϊ֧ĺǻ̰ÿһγͷĻᶼǣôõĴ˭Ըţ
Ҳ֪ǲ̫ãЩ书Ȼһϯʱƺûôĸ֡ò˵ǵʱ̫ãΪЩĸ֣ڻڳ.ҩɽء
ֵǹˣܹôĹͣʹҵŬҲֲлЦе˵ǻȥˣȻ۹͡
Ҳֻʣ˰ɡһɫе˵񹬵Ůһɫ㣬ʱǽҲˣǶ˻С檣ӵұڻõܡʱλѡ
лۡͺͷͣ˵ԼͬĽһ
ܻǰˡ
ԸֵѪӣҲȥ񹬵ŮӾˡ
Щ˰̫ᡣ
ֻţûи
Щ޹ǵŮӣȻҲЩԶصŮӡһƯĺ磬Щ˿ɶǶ֡
ǺȾơл۳˸ԲⱭǾͻȥˣȻصˣõ˲رͼĶǾ͸ϲˡ
ִ˵Ķԣȣ
ʹ졣

ʱ
ơж
һˤ˾ƱͼܣͣһֽŽʵʵһ
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˳һᣬ֮ǰЩӢʵҲ͵͵ľڻĳطѧϰе¡أ
ǿԻȥˡЩ磬ô죿һҲҪȥ˵ȥ͹ڽפвУ
϶еġлĻ͵ļ򣬡Ҳ룬Ƿô书İװֵ׶ΪôΪЩĳȥЩʦʦô
ǵѡЩӢһǰῡǳڵı׼ģĶǺѪľӢ
ϣˡͻЩ磬ҾǱֵĲãʦʦǲ⡣ҲգʱٺúøѵѵʦʦϲƣʲôʱΪʣԼһЩǰϷôɡ
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122
񹬿ʼڽչ̺ׯ
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124
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һôֱʣҵлһƢûУĽϾЩƸ񣬳ȥǶɽѩ֮⣬ʣлһҲߣǽһΪһΪԸĸТһΪлӤļױݼױлӤҪ˭ͼ˭ҲܶĻκθ档
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126
лᶲµһҽ
Ȫһ֮ͨصҹȦʱһԼˡȵԡԡ˯ŵʱ򣬸олԼĦý滺Լƣ͡ȵһһûһҲûʲôĵط
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ҺִƼɵǻͺͷͣǣЩӵơǴ粽ã÷ͷһΥģֱӷϵ书ʦš
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ǵĺƽǰЩŲСľ˸ؤؤȻһλʦƽһƷһݲ⴫˵طǶдˡʷ˫ߺ͹ƽ˴ȥ壬Ҳв
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