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Ϊĩ׸󣬻ûüףʹˡ
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⡤ԵȢȢͣ˳ϲۡ
ʳָϣ
0ϿζҪߣˮƽޣָףҿ졣
1ܣģܣǰĩΪ̣ܵ
2裬裬裬裡Ҫ˵飩
3ȫļܿգ߲ϲϹ񤱡дܿռܿռܿգҪ˵飩
ݱǩ Խʱ  ˬ 
ؼ֣ǣϿζҪ  ǣˮƽޣָ  ףҿ
һ仰飺𣿶Ҳ㣡
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Ʒĩ׸鴩ԽŴΪп֮¾δ򡣱Լտصʵ뷨ûκʵ˳顣󣬹ŷ֣ӿƷ⣬ʵﴦȴʮΣաǰдӵ˻˵ϵĲ״ҲΪǡչԼƣ¾һͬԽЩӰصΣıı棬 ˬɡڵǶЯֹȫˬŰʤ


1 
ж֮УԭѾȻֹͣĹСӣëͻȻ˲ԭѾƽţҲʼ΢
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ڴϵĹһϴĲʸУüͷֻ΢΢££ֺܿչ
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˭֪ͻ䣬ĩ٣滷˲ͱöҲ鲼ŵĿĲŵķ䡣
ҲΪǵ̥ëʱ޿̲ĥŹ飬ĩʮ꣬ҲѾϰϵĸֲʡ
Ȼǰδй뵽֮ǰԹܼҵľвû̫⣬Ѿ˲²⡪
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ǼѿеӲͷǰʱ˿ڣԸµó׹򣬹ٷǱҲ״γĵλ
ݹܼҵ˵ףΪĩ׸Ͱ󣬳ظ涼Ѿ׼ˡ
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ˮļ϶ѾԺеļУ˽˹СӵԸ
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ڹС֮ǰѾӵ˵ĴͻʥּҲΪһʥּùСӴһ
СȻǲӣ䱾ȴ޹Ҳ޹ְһܹԴͻ飬˵٣ôҲֱӵһĵز
ĹؼڣǵͻʥּѰ


2 
ϸСӵһͻʥּǸСָļҵǧ𣬶ǽСָӣ޸
ڲû޵Ĵڣⲿ棬ɴûгֹӵܡ
˵ˣЩҵ׵˼ңҲԸޡ
СǺĵӣ£ȻǲԸܵġ
ּ̫ǰŸߣСӺűڼһֱ˵Ըޡ
Ҫòϴͻ飬ɵùС˵ԸⲻԸ⣿
Сֵʵж֮¸ɴཫСӹؽãҷºݻùСʲôʱͨˣʲôʱٳ
жеġͨˡȻùСӵͷʾԸ޸ӡ
˭֪һ඼Բ˵ĹСӣȴҧ˲Ըɿڡ
Ҳ֪õĻڶӣʲôԭڱؽúĵ죬Сûͦסֱӻ˹ȥ
ڹСӵļ䵽ֱӽˣǸʱ򣬹СӾѾһغˡ
ȵ齫˼ӻгʱ򣬰ûֹͣȰ˵
ȻӵȷһЩūӶԱµּⲢûʲôĵطү뿪ЩӲΪ
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Ƭ½ϵұԽҲڵƫƫΪĵǼԽΪĵĹҡ
СȴǮͬӱ,УȻ˵Ĵ
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⻰㶣ʱӹСӵļеõ˹ڳжСϢͬʱҲ֪Ϊʲô˽š
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С˾ĵӣСҲڳĸ³ġ
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ǺС㣬ء
δѾȴ˹Ķ䵱У
ǰЩӱ˵ĸβöԴ˿ǵĵ⼸νʳޣҹ£ǲ֪ڿɸоһЩˣ


3 
˵ŹеĻֻɫôôҲǡʳޣҹ¡ģ
ҪԭĹСӣ͹ٲþͻᱻñףڹСӵסŵ꣬ȴĩĹ顣
鲢û¶һº͵Цݣ
û뵽˹ĸ磬ôɷģڸоѾöˣ˵ٵһʱܴãԽ쿪ʼÿҪúóԷ˯ҪΪˣɾͳ˸ˡ
ܺ͹СƢ˶ʮ껹ѷʤȻҲһƢõġ
һ⻰̱̲סˣֱ˹αװĵǵάֲסˣ
˵˭أҿԼĲᣬڻң
ողԼ˵Ϊڵĸ磬ʳҹҲǵõ塣
ðɵĹȣԵƽ࣬Źص񣬾ڿһȡֵĺӡ
̬ȣùһһȭ޻ϵУļһĻ棬Ȼ
Ҳû˵ʳҹ⻰ȷʵԼ˵ġ
شСŮǰӣҪĿԴͣǱɱܡ
Ҫùؾ䣬ҲԸ⡣
ڹֲ֪ôʱ򣬱һԴ˹ĵͿ
ȿȡ
̧ۣ㿴˹Ϊѹ촽ģ
ӹ΢üͷѿ˿̵ܡ
ΪδԵʣʱɫ԰׵ЩԭƤʱķɫ͸
ͻľҿԣ԰׵ɫϴһĨ쳱һĨ쳱Ҳ˹԰׵ϣΨһɫ
Ҳ֪ǿԹڼһǱʲôԭ򣬹΢΢۽һĨˮɫ
ѰϱӦǱޱȵģϹһžϸµǵǱһҼζ
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ⷬùע⵽ò֮⣬˹һ£֮Իⳡ󲡣ȫΪҪΥ޸ӵʥּ
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ڿԲֹģ˽조¡˲٣ЦؿŹ顣
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Ҫúñ尡ϾǱ߿ɻ㡮šء
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ػ䣬黹û˵վһԵİ̲סˣ¹ؽĻӹ֣æֹ
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֮ǰҲûǴϹһ䣺
ĸŲţöϣƽģϾûǺڴ޵ء


4 
Ȼ֪ΪʲôСȥпһ˿Ķӵζкݺݵһ
ǰˣ
˿ͬʱת˹飬ϸ۲Źɫ
ү
ţԭ˼¾£˶߰СĻ̌۾Ϳ˰ŵģ
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ģȻСİ
ȻͶԴ˸еϰΪÿСִ֮󣬱ͬһźظСġ
Ȳ˵鲻ǹСӣڸոյĽ浱Уطǵûռκαˣ˴ͷǵһҲЩá
˵ŸոΪ˹鰤˹һƣϵİӡɼҲΪ
ûǴĻ鷿ǲǻмƿҩ
үȷûǴ鷿ǻƿ
Ȼ֪ΪʲôͻȻʵ⣬ʱ㣬һҲʣֱӸ˴𰸡
һԼȥһƿϵ˲һ΢΢˵ͷ״ƲķԸš
ĵصŹ鷢İһʱûܷӦʶ˵ʲô֮æܾ
лүͣūƤģԼܺˣѲȥ˷ôõҩ
ƿҩģǻȥԼү˵ʱ򣬴үģ˵ǼΪѵãҩЧȴ
ʵ֤үûпʣƿҩԼүҲһƿϵ˾ͺˣѰҩ˲١
ù֮󣬹СҲ֪ҩѵãѰһССֵ˿ڣԼôãҲΪŻȥһˣʣƿ
ڰҪҩȻԸܡ
˵֮󣬲ŷӦǸҩЩͬѰڰ־ܾؼᶨҲûм֡
ҲǻίԼ˵ӣ
ȻһǵԼȥҴһЩҩϵ˲
һΣûиܾĻ᣺
֪ҵˣϵİӡСˣǵȥһݺһҩû˵үˡ
Ȼһ⻰æߵľܾ˻ȥֱл˶
лүūһÿձȥҴ򡣡
£л֮һֹģֱӿѯʡ
ϳһ˿ԥԥ֮󣬻ѡ˿ڣ
ǸոС˵¡үҪϣЩǴţġ
紫ŵ٣޴жϡ
ɲϵѪɷ֮ظ˵ģԵʲôԭԭˣжĹСӣĶ
뵽ϳһ˿ǶǵЦݣ
ǿɻ˵׼
⻰ڲ֪ѾоӵİУȴΪǽոչصĻУæο
ɴŲ˵үֺãܵӰ졭
֡ȿȿȡ
ԭ˵ʲôȻǹϤϮûסֱӿȳ
һηûˣĿȸոĸӿţһżֱľսݡ
Ҳ˲æǰ˳
ү廹ûãͲҪЩ߰ĶˣΣȰòҪ£Ǳ߻үҩүȵȣūȥ˹
ò˵仰ֱ˵˹Ŀϣ
ΣȰòҪ¡
ಡ齵Ĺ˵һɱκ¶ҪҪҲͲ˵ӹݹҩһ
Ҳ֪Ǵ򿪵ҩаߵĳɷ֣ǹոŲӦһصԭںȹҩ֮󣬹еһƣ
ڹѾĩ׸һͨͨӵܣٶѻɽĹ
ڸеƣ֮ΪһҪĹҲûѡϢ
ȷƣһ˯ĺãҲ˯øĳ
үүϢ
ϢⶼʲôʱˣˣϢ
ΪүڲС
ʲôΪ֪ˣ򶼸߱ѾõĲˣǲǸ˵ʲôڲŲñȥ

ҵֱִӳ˻˯еĹ顣
ֻŷдֻƬѾµ˵ݣ
ڳжУܹԳƱܹ޼ɵؽйСϵģ˳ж⣬㲻ˡ
µ˵ݺ󣬹֪Ӧ˶á
뵽ſԭЩƮִͻȻ
ÿ
󣬱һ̧ۣܿһ˹ģĪԼʮµ˴⼲
ǹСӵĸףж˺á
ڹ˺ģһŵĸˣڽŵʱϻͣ߶ţ
үȷЩʣǹⲻġ
ӸϼֵƵαܿλĺԺӦʮܳ衣
ʵҲȷˣλ˾ƹźĳš
Ӵʱ˺õı鲻ѿʱǴŭġ
˼ǣڳȰ˵֮󣬹˺ϵıǵûкתøѿˣ
ʲôǹģ㻹ڰ˵ҿϾǱ軵ˣ
⡭֮󣬳ƺҲЩˣ˵˼ֱ
ﲻ˵ˣ˺ƺûκι˼ɣĴȥ
վһԽһжʱνǼ
үڵ飬ľٲ˸үͷԡ
ڰΪѵز֪ôʱʱ򣬱˴ߴԼүĶ
ȿȿȡ
⼴ʹ˼Ҳûѹס˺ѷεĿ˭˶̲סΪ˸еģֵܼܲһ̡
˺ȻҲ⣬˵ڿԵ˻ӡ
˺ϱ˲٣ֻȼһ˿΢ŭ
ֹ˺ûü˵ת۾Ϳ˹ǿŴӴģ
԰׵ɫԼѪɫ촽ôôǴС˲١ģ
ⷬģĹ飬˺еŭʱ˲٣ŹҲһ˿ǡ
ֻȹ˺˵һ˿ڣ
Ǹô
дһ˿ҿԺɳƺʹ˺õУһ˿Ľ
˺ԭֻʣµǵͬСŭ𣬶ʱǱͷһˮһ㣬͡һ±Ϩˡ
ȡţǡΪ㡣Լոսʱ̬ȣ˺õЩȻ
û뵽ڻԸҡȫûв˺ϵΣϳһ˿ϲװϲ
ķӦֱӹ˹˺еȭȭ֮ģ
˵ʲô㸸ף㲡ˣΪȻǹĵģ㻹ڲţͱһֱվˡ
лл鲻ǻίԼˣ»ص˴ϡ
˹ɵĶӣ˺еĸǽһӿȣæеѯţ
ˣڿɸоЩˣ
лл׹ģҸоѾö࡭ȿȿȡ黰û˵꣬һҵĿԡ
ȵôأǺ˵ӣأȥѴү˵󣬹˺ֱӽǹڶ׼վһԵİ
ʱԭһֱųĬĳ㿪ˣ
үҷſģǸƲĴƫԺȥٸúƱǡ
ò˵ܹù˺ó谮ʮ꣬ȷЩµġ
ϸĿο첻лһ˿̱ù˺侲
˵ǣո̫żˣ±Ƚ³̡
ү˵⻰ĪЦȵϺүǹˣүոҲֻǹڵˡ
΢΢ЦЦϸطŹ˺øոյĻ
˵ŷĻﻰ˼ȴǽ˺ÿ佱һ顣
ò˵ȷǳ˽˺ãӹ˺ôʱıͲѿһ˵˹˺õĿϡ
һֱעŹ˺õĳ״æ룺
ڿȳǴȻ˵ʲô˵ĻʵǲӦǲ֪ӣº󡭡
˵㲻Ϊѡ
һº󡱣˺̱뵽˽쵽ԺĿġ
˼˵Ļǹͻĸʱٲ˵Ҳһ˿ӡ
ƺ˼鵽岻ʣ취ӱܻϵĴͻ顣
˺ÿɻûǣڻ֮ǰԴͻǸʲô̬ȡ
ףȫ֪˺ڻʲôƵģ˺ͶȥһĿ⡣
ù˺еĻɽ·һ˿Ρ
ǺȻڵһ˿ΣѾܹù˺άӵĴȸˡ
ԳĬƬ֮󣬹˺ûѡ˿ڣ
廹ûдãЩΪӦ˵Ϊֲò˵ӵĻѾˣڰºԸҲãԸҲգº㶼޸ӡ
Ҫ£º廹ǽӣⳡ£Ҳκθı䡣
ؽ֮ǰ˵ҶѾ˵ˣ£ú壬Ҫʲô£Ϊ˫ȣӸȥ֪ô
ЩֻҪ˿ڣҪ˵ȥ㲻ʲôѵˣʱĹ˺ñ
˵棬˺õĻ˵ľԣЩ顣
ǹ黹ǳﶼף˺ôʱ˵ĻʵѾǼΪº͵ˡ
ҪΪոͻȻôһ˹˺һֲ͹˺ýʱӣٲûָŹıӴһͨﻹʱٻ˵ƽľ
˺˵ĻһҲ⣬ֻڹ˺˵֮󣬴
˺һڹ˺ΪһֱֳĬʱȴ˹Ӧ
֪ˡ
翣·ȴòάԭģĴֻҪһķѡ
Ĺ飬˺΢΢̾˿̬ٴ
Ǹײ㣬Ҳǡ
֪ʱ򣬹ȴһոչ˳ӵ̬ȣ˹˺õĻͷҶ֪ʵҵģֻʥϴͻ飬Ҳûа취Ҷ֪ġ
Ȼ˵ⶼ֪Ļ֪ǹʱı飬˵ʱĪί
ֵԣ˺ȻҲܿ
˺ñȴû̫ı£˳жͷ⣬ֻƷְ˵ǨȻûûջسı¡
Լʹ˹ί˺Ҳ֪ȥӡ
˵Ļ˵ˣþҲˣǵû˿µ˼ֵôɡ
ٿ԰׵ɫ뵽Լĵ˹Ϣ˺ñЩסˣ
Ȼ㶼ˣΪҲͲٶ˵廹ţΪͲϢˡ
á˺ҪߣҲû˼˵ͷʾԼ֪ˡ
ڹͷ˲䣬˺ñæӵվ
ƺֱ뿪Եùڼ꣬ǱŤͷվһԵİ˼úչ˹֮Ļת׼뿪
Ȼڹ˺ôų߳ŵǰһִ̣˹ɻĵ
źָΪϣǻô֪İֵأ


5 
˺ԭѾҪŵĽŲΪ˶٣ϵҲǱ任Ī⣬Ҳ֪Щʲô
ڳΪ˺ûһֱڹķվȥʱ򣬱˹˺΢ЩӲ
Ϊ֪ˣ
󣬹˺ñֱӷȥ
ǹ˺˦ĶڲɵıӰܿ˺ˣһòᡣ
״鸴ӵػͷ˹һۣȴֻ˹µģҲ˵ʲôת뿪˹ķ䡣
˺úͳһǰһ뿪ģڰУȴ˹һ仰ֽүˡ
һ谮үĳƺҲүʧˡ
һ󣬰̲סʼż
үôˣողǻúõ𣿡
Ÿ˵ڣΪżԼ⻰˵Щʡ
뵽Լүںүһֱ㲻ϵó裬ò׽үү̬ºһЩҪ˵ʱֱӡ
ѹӦүǡ
뵽æѹеżֱӸĿڰο
ʵүӣүӦҲ֪ģүҲϣ˵׼үոֻ뵽£ŻͻȻ
Ϊ˰˺Ѱҽڣνǽʾ֭˭֪Ÿ˵䣬㷢ԼүıƺЩԡ
Ϊǵʧѹǡʮֿĵģ
ŹϵЦݣЩţԼүĵ־˰ɣ
Ȼǰĵʧȥǡ
෴ڻΪˣΪǹ˺ûǳķӦڹ֮С
ոչʳڵһ仰˵ֱĹؼ֮
Ҫ֪е˶Ϊأ׽֮⣬˸޴֪
жֲʲôƽͷյļͥЩǸע⽲
Ϊжĵӣɰֳ˸ĸֳ⣬Ҳֻеڹ˷ʱ򣬱źһ֪ˡ
˵һŵĻڹСźŵİ¶֪Сӵľ֡
ȻСӱָΪϣôڴͻ֮ǰһȥϹ˵İֵġ
ϰҪ󣬱Ҫ֪˾İ֡
ӱ㲻˵ˣǻϵĶӣǹСأô֪Сӵİֵأ
˵ǻͻȻ˹İ֣⻰ǽͷҸճĺӶš
Ҫ֪СǳжĵӣͲʲôľλźиͷΣʵྩҴ嵱Уֻĩȡ
Сӱ˼޹Ҳ޹ְǹСӵĸףж˺ñˣҲֻһƷְǸ߹ٵྩ֮У㲻ʲô
˵һ䲻Ļϻ˺öʶ˺õĶˡ
Ȼ϶֪ϻйСôһ˵ĴڣôȥѯʹСӵ֣
һ˵˵ӿ޵Ĵŵȷʵּս곤ż֮¾ҪҳһܹƳӿˡ
׵ģҲӦЩֹеǧǣСжʲôϵ
Ϊʲô󱻴ͻƫƫǹСӣ
Ҫ˵ûκ֮¾ƭСˡ
ǱߵǸʲôҲۣǹİ֣϶ǳжϵ͸¶ȥġ
ȻСӵļ֮Уڳж˺õϢ࣬ʲôˣ
ĩһй׵֮£ܹƶĩʮԼڵһ˵λ
ˣôͨ
͹СЩ֦ĩڵļ䣬ù˺õĴԸΪˡ
˺ˣµµΪҲԲǴ֮ˣͻԶ׼֮飬ֻҪһ㣬˺ñܲ
Թո⣬˺á
ӹ˺ýſʼֳĽ֮ԼίοԵʱԼֳĹ˳ӣΪһ׼
Ͼ˺ȻҺƫƫ弫أͬʱּԸ
ԹֻҪΪԹ˺ӵУ˺һٵÿĸ
ȻٱֳԼίù˺ʶԼܣʱ򣬹˺боԼܵơ
Ҫʱù˺֪ܵԭ򣬲Ϊ˶޷ĵһʱ𣬶ӦԼ˵һĳжլ⡭
£˺òǻ¡
ڿ˺ŭķӦǵû˿ģǸˡ
ڳ
ǿɾĲٶ˵ˡ
ȻڹСӵļ֪֮Уﶼһˡ
ڳԴöϴӲСӣԹСӻﵽǧ˳ĵز
ǹСڼﴳ˻ʲô鷳ﶼ֣֣СӰƽЩ鷳˳æŹ˺á
ڹСӽõӵ֮Ув˽Ϊʰ̯ӵһˡҲܿԹСӵĳ硣
ҲΪ֣زŻᴦСԡ
ӹСӵļҲܿС䲻ǳģȴԳＫΪףڹСӵУ˵ĸײ޶졣
ִС簮Ȼֱӽ˳ϵֶΣִĺŵУĩ㲻ϣôùĩĹ۾
˵ӵйСӵļˣûУǴӸոյһ棬ҲܿǸĿĵġ
ԵĲ˵˵ոչ˺߽֮Уŭʢʱ򣬳ﲻûбֳĬ˵ʲôǹ⡱ĻϽ͡
˺˺Ϊֳʱǳǿʲô˵ѾˡʾֳһжǼװ
˵ʲôº֮Ļѹ˺еĿġ
˿ɣ˺ýջŭҲΪ˵ʲô
Ͼ˺ˣȻһϸɷҲ㲻һϸĸףôһȽˡ
֪СӴδ£ûеʲôԭ򣬹˺ǾרŸСӵԺѵġ
ʱ򣬹뵽˳뿪֮ǰǸӵ񣬴ǲܿƵϹ˹
ϣжԺʮŮˣı֣ǧʧźá
***
ȥСҽ
һߣŸջصԼסûü£ֱʾվһԵѾȥˡ
СѾ߸ֽ߳½˻ּһ䣺
ȵȣȥСʱ١
ǳźĴѾߣƽʱ볣Ӱ룬ճȥԺҲʱ򣬴ŵı
СѾ߰󻹲Ըһ䡰ȥء
СѾߴûм˼еģҲҵ󣬵㲽ĴҴҵת뿪ˡ


6 
ʱոմӳ﷿гȥСѾ߱Źػˣŵô٣ͬҲں档
ʱѾǰһð̵Ȳ衣
֪ŮĪĸǴӹشʱı飬֪ʱ²̫ʹ졣
ע⵽һ㣬ﻺеĲ豭Թ΢΢°ͣ
ˣɡ
ҹʲô
Ϊв˵ԵʣشʱԵЩȱȱߵ˳Եλ
΢΢ЦЦûлشص⣬ѯŹأ
ȥһĸԺӣ
Ȼѯʣӳܹ֪ڹȥԺ£֪ġ
ƿسжʮ꣬˹˺һ岻̫õ̫̫⣬ûпѹˡ
Ҫ»ܽ·ҲһЩ
Ϊһңܹάʮٳ費ϣܽĸƼ֮ȨУô֮
ΪŮȻҲһģػش
ȻѾ֪ˣʲô
ΪвʹԵʣصЩ΢΢ķ塣
ӣĸ˱ˣ
̬ȣҲֻϸؼѯʡ
ӹԺ֮ôôﲻþĹʱ̲סˣʼﱧԹţ
ҲǳԱɣôôﲻ
ô￴˹һۣдһ˿ոͬ˺˵ʱİͬ˵˵ʱǸʲô
ʱԾΪԼĹһȤ㽫ʱ˵˳š
Ȼ˵ʱҲûͼӴ׵˵ŹĻ
Ҳˣ֪ȻҵĻ
ر˵ڿӣ˵ӿޡĻʱ򣬹ظ̲סҲһ˿߿
ΪĹУ뵽ڹ鷿еʱеǹӱƵ飬ϵıԽԽѿ˵ʱЩҧгݡ
˵ԽԽ֮¹̲סԹţ
ҿõʱ򻹲ôֱӲ˲š
ôǺĵӣͬʱҲǹصֳǴݻ˵ضӦ˵ֻ
⻰ҪǴ˳ȥԹصапӰ쵽صĻ¡
˭һ㣬ϵ΢Цʧ΢΢˳ؽض˹صĻͷ
ˣԽ˵ԽӣֻǴҹӦ˵ģ
һ䣬صЩҲʶԼոյĿæҲţ
ҡ֪ˣҸոֻ̫ˡ
ﶼ֪ЩҲ˵
ô᲻֪ԼŮӣ᲻صţ
ԺЩ˵Ҳ˵ˣǧˣ֪ô
ŮȻ֪ŮҲŻŲأһأͷİɡ
һؾ֪ﲢҪæų䣬Ž
ߵ٣ǵԴڶСѾͷѡġ
ʱеıٽȵӣպÿͬصĳ嶯
ˣﻹٴԵ˴꣬Ž˸ȥ
Զ٣˵Ƿǳġ
ԭûҪ𱸹صĳ⻰ֿŮϸģû˵̵˼ֻεص˵أ
ͺá
֪һؾ֪¶ǹȥˣæСƵĵͷȻ뵽ʲôƵģҹΪ
˵أƳ˹һۣƺЩ磬˭һֱԼԺﲻԸŵģҵȻҪ˭ҵıŮˡ
Ҿ֪ˣԭﻹЩ˵Ĺһ㲻ҲʧˣųֱۣЦݡ
ˣһ֪Ȼ˵ӳϵЦݲѿܳԹصһס
У˵ûУųֱ۵ȴܳʵؽ˽
ҲϲŮź͹˵˺һĵĻ
ֱɫ˳ÿ촦ʱ䣬ز׼뿪
÷ȥǣҲйԼߵĴѾߣȻŶԹ˵پ£ЩҪ
ǰűʱʱźѾ߽йʻضԴҲѾϰΪҲ˵ͷ
Ů֪ˡ
󣬱ųߵķ뿪ˡ
Լᱻʻһ㣬СѾͷ˵ȥʱб˵ףҲ˿е⡣
ܹµԼ»үԺǼ¡
ȻٲŸ񣬾˳ŵѯʣ
ضЩ仰˵һǺõˣͬ˵˵ոС˵ЩʲôԵĵط
ľ±С˵ʱ
ȣٵЩͼӴ׵Ĳ֣Եøӿ͹ۡ
ڼٱȹظϸԻһЩû˵ϸ֮
ٵŵı𽥱Ҳһ˿档
ȵ˵꣬Ҳû˵ݳģ·ڳ˼ʲô
ﲻ˵ȻҲǲ˵ģֻܾվһԣųķԸ
һʱ䣬ڱðٵĺҲŻ˲١
˼άֶõʱȥ͹ػԺӵķ˽ڵ

ˣ
΢΢˵ͷʾԼ֪ˣ󣬲ſվһԵ٣
Ҷ֪ˣض˵ģĺܺãԺҲʱʱС㡣
ǡԣæͷӦǡ
УүӻûȫעЩʱͱСȥүԺˡ
΢΢˵ͷٷԸš
Ȼᣬɳһֵ̳ģôʱеࣿ
æͷ
ū֪ˡ
ˣ˵ҶѾ˵ˣضҲ벻㣬ȥա
Լ˼ص˵ͷ
˵ţվһԵķ˸ɫ
״ӷһԵһױϻУóһ֧ϸǰݵٵǰ
ġ
лͣū澸ˡֽӽ˹Ҳڳת뿪ˡ
뿪֮󣬷ոջʱ쳣գߵ˳ߣѯʣ
ʲôԵط
Ǹ飬ƺЩѶԸˡ۾ɫЩѿ
ոڹԺֱֵʱ򣬳ĸоֻǲҿ϶
˹غٵ֮󣬳ȷˡ
ȷǲ֪Ϊʲôԭ򣬱ô˲١
Ϊеģ
Щ⣬Ͼǰɴûн
Ƿ𽿴飬ֻСڳϥ³Ѿˡ
ʹӹصеȷЩһˣãҲܹóŵǵĵز
⵹ǣҪǽ˺үһ⡭
˵ţ㽫ڹ˺ǰǷ˵һ飬˵棬ŵɫͱЩѿ
үӣ볹顣
ͬϲԵ޹ȥһСİ֣ͬһʱȥһ˺ӵİ֣һУڱƲ
ڳжĺԺУǸƲˣǳţİ֣Ҳǳ˵ȥġ
˹Ů֮⣬һӣǱǺĶүۡ
үȣȻϣܹԼĶ̳гжġ
ƫƫ쳣עصֻ֮ҪжеӣǾͲӳо
Ϊ˸ԼĶ·ȻҪڵһϰ飬ϰ֮һ
ʱԼѳźĺԺ²ûжڣ¸ϸ顣
һ뵽˺ŭģóܲģ


7 
ǳΪεĴѾߣ֪ŵܣЩŲڲֵʱ򣬶Ƿȥ¡
δͻ飬ȻҲУȻҲ˳ʲô
˼Ƭ̣ѯʳţ
ūھȥɨβ
²СҲû룬ֱҡҡͷ
뿪Ժӵʱ򣬱Ѿɨβ¡
ϸ˼һ֮󣬳ű֪Ⲣһ׵İ취
ȻҲǴС㣬ʵҳѾǣڱѰİռͥҲò˶١
Ҳڼ޽Ѿ·ĳжΪ檡
Žжŵʱ߳һ⣬ҲֻһѾˣѾߣǷ𽣬ǸӣѾûˡ
Ҳ˵ڳֵµĸ˷֮⣬ڼ޽жסжԺ󣬲ġ
Щ˵У൱һֶǳжļӡ
ҲûȥһЩ޹أԼĸ
ʲô׵£
˻辫ƫƫƻŽأʵûʲôܹõóֵĶǮҲǽȱ
ͬ㣬ڳԴöάųжӦе棬ѾǿﻹóǮóȥԼˣ
ƹܺԺʮҲֻȼˣ᲻á
ټϹ˺öԳʮһյĳ谮Ҳõ˳֣£Ҳûй⡣
Ѱ⵹Ҳʲô£һ˹ؼʱ̣׶Ҳ¶ˡ
˺ҪʲôЩ¸Ͳزס
Ͼ볣ȣ˺òжˡ
ȥµģǺһӣڷ˵ȥɨβʱüҲһڸǵ޷졣
Ҫǲܽµβɨɾǻ粻ɨ
˼Ƭ̺Ҳ
Ǳúүȥ飿
ȻУֱӵ˷һۣƺǱĴˡ
ڣû˱ȳ˽˺ˣҪɹ˺ȥȴʲôҲĻںԺĶ裬Ҳ͵ͷˡ
ɨβҲУΪҲУ·ǳû˷ӡ
ڷв²ⳣҪʲôʱ򣬱һ΢΢̾󣬱ǳϸķԸ
ȥһһЩ·һϣȥһ̫̫
ǡæͷӦǣԭЩҵҲ̫̫ʱ򣬱ðࡣ
ܹ֮ȰѳźĺԺ˹˺õĳ谮֮⣬Ҳ벻̫̫֧֡
Ϊڳж̫ǹ˺õĸ⣬ͬʱҲǳŵ׵ĸ
˷˻ڵʱ򣬳űںĺԺ˷˶൱Ϊ̫̫ơ
ڳ˵Ҫȥ̫̫֪Ҫȥȱˡ
Ҳҵճ˵ģӹзһؾ·źŻ֮󣬱ͬһš
***
ԼԺһϵжȻ޴֪ȻԳŵЩҲû˿Ȥ
ڵĹ˵Ҫ»塣
˺뿪֮󣬻ΪΣǲȥһ
֮󣬹ϸѯʹˣõĴ˵Ĳ޶죬ֻҪúõͲ²
Ϊһ壬Ȼ˫Ŵ£ȫȫϢ
ʱҩ˵˯𣬳׽˵ģʽ
Ҳ֪ǹСӱĵӾͺãǹҪǿңڵ˼պ󣬹ת˲١
˵ûȫҲǹʱǰ㣬Ҫ´һ߶Ѿ
ת֮󣬹ᵽһ߽ʲôĸܡ
ǻۣʱ̶о֫ҲٸоϲͻȻ˯оѣθҲ˲١
Ȳ˵С£͵˵һԽҲֵˡ
ڹԼϵı仯ʱ򣬰Ҵææش˽
үˣ
ʲô£άŸոյƣҲûһ£ֻ˰һʾлֱ˵
ūŸոȥǰԺʱ˵ǰЩ첻֪ôģ˺үߵ˱˲٣Ҳү㣬˵ú÷ʡ
ЩΪչ˹飬Ҳû뿪ԺӣԶԺڣԺº֪顣
ֱ죬һЩˣԺҲЩҪȥȥԺһˡ
˭֪ճȥã˵˳£İҲû꣬תܻصԺУ㱨¡
㣿
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ŵǱеĸбһЩ
쿴˺뿪ʱģ黹ΪⳣŶȻһͷԣȻֻ˸ƮƮĽ㡣
Ȼһʼ֪ںʮܾ꣬Ϊôһ¾ͱ⵹ȴǲ⡣
Ҫ֪СӿΪ˽µЩСھƼ֮Ȩûбջأôܹù⣿
үﱻˣһҲżŹڵģɻ
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鲻żѾпʼ˼˽Ķ
̧۶ϰִãĿͻȻʶһ£
ڰԼУС볣ͬĸӣΪ׽
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ΪСڹСźСˣô᲻֪СǸʲôӣ
Ȼ֪ڰȴ֪ûȬ»ҴҵعϢǸʲôĿģ
ΪʧȥǣȻȥҹ˺ۣ
ǰΪʲôΪȥ˺һٹ䣿
ڰԹСĵۣҲǻڹСӼеϢġ
Сӵļ䣬׻Ǵ˹С۵ĸ顣
糣ţڹСӵļУһĳͬʱҲǿԽĵĸס
޳Сӵ۸۲
ү˵ĶԣѣӦҲʲô¡
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үαȽ侲ûȥҺүۡ
ҲӦȥҸף鿴Űеȴû˿
ȻˣȴҲر˵ͷ
ΪʲôòӦãЩ֪ԭˡ
ͷȻЩɵػشţȻūŲ֪Ϊʲôǰҹү֮ﶼû£ᱻү𷣡
˵⻰ʱ򣬰ϲɸֳһ˿⣬ƺ⣬Ѿá
֪𰸣ȴ֪ġ
⵱ȻǹСӵĺĺˡ
Ź˺õһ˵ǣŹ˺ڹСǰһ˵ǣ˹С˺ø֮ì֮䵱˺ϡࡣ
Ľǣڹ˺Уǳ谮ӵĺóСȴŽ̲ĵӡ
һһأСӲܵ𷣣ڹ˺еҲ
ֻڣҪĲǹ˺ú͹СӸӼЩǰ
龭ʮĩһ˫۾˵͸ģҲû˵ѵʱ˫ۡ
ԴӰ飬Ҳжϣû˵ѣǣ
Ȼ㲻ȥǸոΪʲôҪ˵ڳأ
ʵ⣬ǲ⣺
ⲻүǰԸūŵй£һҪһʱ
˵֮󣬰һ䡰ūűҲ˵ôһ˿ί
Űһί죬ҲʶԼԩˣ
СӵȷԸΪʱȽϾԶһʱҲû뵽
Ҳڰ˵֮󣬹Ųлôһݡ
ڰȻ˵ΪʲôֻҪʳڡ
ΪȻģӣȷЩҲڹСʮ꣬ûǸʲôɫ
˵һ䲻Ļ͹СӣһͣǾ䡣
հԵ¡
˼ˣеĻɣҲûǷԸһ䣺
ȻҲﲻ£Ժ£ͲҪһ㱨ˡ
Ȼ֪Ϊʲô˵æӦ
ǣū֪ˡ
Ӧ֮󣬰뵽˸ոճȥʱ򣬺˵һ£
үһ£ūŸոջ˵үҪظˣ


8 
ү磿֮󣬲ŷӦ˵Ĵү˭
ԼᵽүԼүͬǰһǱβ͵èһţŸҽԼոĻ˵
ǵģǰЩӴүʹŻ˵Ѿڻ·ˣӣĻվӦõˡ
֪ˡ΢΢˵ͷͬʱлŹںүϢ
еĴүΪǳжĵճӣͬʱҲǹСͬͬĸİ֣ȹС곤ꡣ
ֻһĸֳͬСӵĹϵ׺
ڹСļУйĴڡ
ȵС𽥴ˣ𽥱Ƶ
ǲ֪ΪùСǺ˷˵Ԫ׻ʲôԭÿιԹСӵʱ򣬶һģ
СڳҪ÷ҪĹСܵס
ڹӴ֮󣬹СҲͲôԸȥֳһˡ
ټϳҲԸ⿴СѵܹûٸС˵һЩڹһЩ߰Ϣ
أСҲԶ
˵С֮䲢׺񣬶ѾǼΪ˵ˡ
Ϊ˽꣬СӺ͹񲻼滹ãһâ
Ʋ߹Сè£Сӵʱѵ䡣
СӱͲϲֳһֳ̬ȣбǲˡ
ֵû˵仰ֱӳ
ڹСӵУж˭ᣬҪŵڶ¾ûŵһ
ΪϲֳԵʣСƽԹ˵ĮģȻҲͲȥעǷ븮Ϣ
Щ죬Ҳûеİǰ̽ԭΪֵĹϵѾӵֵز˭ΪǰЩӹͲڸУ
ү
ү

ڹлŹڹϢʱʰ
󣬱һɫӱ⼲˽ⲻǰոᵽĺү˭
ʶ˭󣬹ϸع۲һڹСӵļмΪϲĺү
ò˵СӲһĸֵͬܣӳ˱ơ
ֻСӵĳΪͣͬĹϸĹƷԴüҲȹСӸһӢ
ܽ˵Ƿ˵УСӣӲܹһȭʮ
ߣ
ڹ黹ڹ۲Źʱ򣬾ͼһ粽ǰŹ󣬱㽫š
Ź˺üŷӦæ΢΢סΣͣ˽Ų󣬲üڣ
ȥĶ
ܵĿܣӲŹֻܸͣ½Ų
ȥĶУһ֮ǰѾڳŴź֣һҴȻֱ뿪·ϵĻ㲻õģҶѾˣҲһЩϸһٸһЩƱ㹻°뱲ʳǣֱ뿪ҲУҪ֮ͲҪٻˡ
ǸɵҲˣ
ӻ飡
ӻ飬ӻԴʥּĻ飬һ˵Ҫľ
ǹ飬Ҳû뵽ûиСӺɫֳȻܹΪϡ
ǲϲСӣ
ټһжû˱ȹںСˣ
Դĩ֮󣬼˸ֵ֮Ϊһ΢СĿɳĹʶһӿһɲ֪ôݵֱµ۾Щ΢΢ķᡣ
ܿѹе⣬ֱӴ˹Ļѯʣ
ҪǾôˣô죿
ʲôô죿ӶõܵôӻĹһʱûзӦ黰е˼
ּĴҪǾôˣô죿ظԼոյĻ
⻰֮󣬹ǳһ˿ɣֺܿüᶨ
ʥʺ񣬻֣Ϊɱж壬ͱˣ˺ԼҪģ˵
һأûжŹдһ˿ࡣ
һҲǺҵġ
һ˵£бƲסŭȻǶԳжѾ
ˣҲܾһ֮
ģĸж޹¸ѵҲ޹𣿴ģ
¸ǹĸ˷˵ĸҡ
Ȼ¸֮󣬹ϵı˱仯ŹҲжȥ
ı仯֪侲ˡ
Ȼһ̣ͷſ˹ȻѾùӻ뷨
ʹ뷨ӹıҲѿЩвʡ
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ǰ볣ǶԶһЩƫǸʲôöһһеȣ֪𣿡
֪ˡСµ£ȻûйϵҲֻ¡
ʱ򣬹ҲףΪʲôСӻ˲ϲֳˡ
֪ܱܵ˻ϾҪ޸һˣοҪ˵̣˵Ҳˣ˵ô˭ܶס
һǰԹЩ˵̣ȻҲ඼Ϊ˹ãҲ˵ʵЩС軵Сֱܷ֮µĹػ
ڹΪͬСӵļǰ㣬˵̸ͣʱ򣬱㷢ֹ˵һ仰֮󣬱ֹס˻ͷ
̧ۣ㿴˹㶵ؿģ
ڹԥҪҪʱ򣬱ǰһͱһĻ
ֻһݵ̾Ϣ֮󣬶߾ʹ˹ͳİ
ίˡ
ոձǿѹµǹ⣬ʱϮ˹˫ۡ
ִûá˺ǼģĸȣԵʵ࣬ǲ
ѿһ취ǻҪҲȥûջس
ʱ򣬹̲סˣ
ʵ޸Ҳûʲôá
ʲôôҲû뵽Լĵܻܵ˵ĻΪԼ˻
˵ʵ޸ҲûʲôáӹĻ˳ظһոյĻ
ϸ۲Źı飬ֹȲǶҲû˿ǿ֪˵⻰ˡ
æѯʡΪʲôô˵
ʹʣҲҪúͬ˵һ˵
һİֳ֮ܵܵʲô޷ص
Ҫûͻʥּ޳ӣԺҲֻڼԵȻµµ
һô˵ɫͳ
֪޳ˣ
ҲֹˣǰûΪСӲúýѧѵأȻСӶҶδ
ȿȿȣԣԼġͿȼ˹Сĺڹ
Ϊ˱˵̣æŸոյĻ˵
Ǳͻ֮󣬾Ͳһˡ޸Ҿֱӳ˻׹ݣ˷ܶһﲻĸ߶ȣҳɸ׾ˣ
⡭
üͷ壬ƺǾù˵ʲôطֵֹģֲ֪ȥ
ҰϾҪˣʱһ֮֮ϣһ޹ȥǾ֮֮ϣ˻ϴͻ飬ﻹҵֺ£
û˼ĻᣬԼݽ˵֮󣬻һ䣬
磬˵𣿡
ԡԣǵ˵ͷַܿӦ˹Ź飬˫һɣʲôԣǸӣô뷨
û뵽⻹е㲻ƭ
̾һһ࣬Ź
㣬ѧϰΪʲôǲǾΪ볯Ϊ٣
Ȼ֪ոջ˵ͻĵܵΪʲôͻȻ˵ѧϰĳˣ˳ŹĻ˵ͷ
ǡ
볯ΪΪʲôǲǾΪΪϷǣͷأʡ
ѧգңҲûֵ˵ͷ
ǡ
ʸ磬һΪϷǣܳͷصİ취ǲѯʡ
ȻɵͷеˣӦûѡɡ
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һΣȻеЩɣ˼Ƭ̺󣬻ǵ˵ͷ
ǡ
Ͼྩ˭֪꽥󣬻Ѿá
һͷ˫һģȻֳ
԰㿴޸ӣǲǼܹΪϷǣܳͷأ
û˰죬ЩκĹʱҲû룬ֱӵ˵ͷ
ȵͷ󣬹Ȼﲻԣ̧ۿŹЦеģƺЩԵĵ뷨
ܵƺȷԸ޸ӵġ
ʶһ󣬹ֻȫȻûзӦ˵
ھþûķʱ򣬹Ҳ͵͵˿
ܹﵽôģʱסˡ
ȻǡΪ˸ϽǣҲΪ˳ͷأÿһ˸÷Ĵӵӡʵ黹Щ˼˵ڵġ


9 
͹ֵûע⵽˵ʱڹ鷿ⲻԶĵطһͬȵӰϢˣȻ뿪
ۿȿȿȡ
Ӵ鷿еģԭкȲ尣µĻһûסһڲˮֱǺʺ
ȵò׻ֱӷеĲ豭վԼǰֹ꣺
ǹСӵô˵ģ
ȻȤζ
Ǹոչǹһ˵ľ΢һЩĻܷ֣վǰֹ꣬ǡǸոڹ鷿һӰȥٵĹӰ
˿ŵķӦֹüͷҲûһ£ƽӦ
ǡ
ȻҲѾϰֹӣеȤ˿
Ÿոֹݣ尵ظţ
һ޹Ǳ֮֮ϣ˻ϴͻ飬ﻹҵֺ£
޸֣ܹΪϷǣܳͷء
ظظţ就㲻ɵЦ
Ц֮󣬻ԹһԽһ
˼˼
ǰôûпжĹСӣǸˣ
ૹ뵽ʲô̧鷿λλȥ
֣أ
˳尵Ŀ⿴ȥܿ鷿м䣬Ű˹Լһɳ̵Ŀǰһˡ
ǽüĿܻŨѪɷ֮ģս¾˭
ڴеĹĵ¾ûԼܵܵƵģûиӦüͷҲûжһ¡
ʱЩԼϷˣ׷ţ
ǣ˵֣˵ôãôҲһ㷴Ӧ
֪Ϊǡô˹񣬻Ǳô̬ȾЩˡ
ֻ¾ùһԱʸϵëʣеĹע˼ʣķһ֮󣬲Ÿһ
˵ʲô
ʹ¾Ϊ䵭Ҳ˿⣬Цеؿѯţ
ͲСӺȤô
⻰ʱģ尵ϳϷ⣬һ˿ǡ
Ҳ֣˭ڵļ֮УӵĹϵΪ׽
˶ΪǻŨɢѪɷ֮ӾԶ֮ԼһýˣᱻӸšԴ
ƫȴǺ޸оƵģӲϲߴգǳòӵĻӦҲȻ⡣
ǰЩҲͰˣԴȥӻؾʮסӸϡ
Ӹ鶼ʮֵȻӣӵʱҲ༸ݡ
˵鷿صأȴܹö֮Ȳ裬ܿһӶߡ
ˣ尴˿ôҲͣɧ¾Ϊ˵õһ𰸣
¾˼ֹոջʱҲһ˿Цһ
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Ǳˣõ϶Ļش˫һģϵЦ⽥Ũ
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СڲԸӻ飬ǽô죿
ûǹϣܵӻ飬Ҳͬˡ
˵ϣӻȹΪǿҡ
ڹС˵޸ΪޣΥԼʮ֪Լ档
Ͼж޸һΪޣȻЩԷʹǻϴͻ飬һҲ޷⡣
¾˵ȴпΪһʥּԵڴλ
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ȥѾز۵ĻӲ㣬ѾĻһֻˡ
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ȻĻغһĸֵͬܣغСһֱԸߵݸߣȻǲ׼֮ġ
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֮ԳٳûжΪ¾Ȩա
մ֮λ䣬ȨҪʱܻ¾Ļ·ڣ
¾Ǳסˣһ׽ֵ˺ã
Ҫڼֵ֮ѡһ˼̳дͳһԥѡ¾
ƫƫĹؼʱ̣ϸӴһΪޡ
˲òûɣϵĴ˷ٶǷˡ
Ͼ֮ǰ¾δȢޣȻҲûԼĺӡ
ڱһޣζ֮ǰ¾ӵԼĵӡ
Ϊϵһͻʥּ¾ûа취ޡ
ûеӣһϣ֮λĻжô¾СҲܿ
ԱȻӲϣ׮ܹ˳С
ҲΪˣڴͻʥּµ죬就ȥ鷿ʵ۴һͨûջس
յĽǴͻʥּûջ尷˻Ϻôһٹ䡣
ʵ۵֣ⷬҲףͻʥּʵ۵̬֮Ѿûκתصĵز
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ҲֻǿѹֱӳСӵ뷨Ѱ·
ڽжµ˸׳就㽫Ŀ˳жĴүСӵİ֣ϡ
ȻӰǴϢڹСܼΪϲܱ֮˳ΪЦꡱһ˫ԼߴԵĺ֮⣬ͬһܿ͸ĵı¡
ڿ֮ĵһʱ䣬就֪ǸΪҪͻƿڡ
ʵҲˣ尲ֶΣùùӻ뷨渶ж
֮⣬ڹŵ·˲ٲãΪùܹѸ˳ӻ顣
˭֪ڽӵͻʥּ֮ѰٻزԸ޵ĹСȻԸˡ
ʱıһֱ尵вö˿ա
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ϣʱСӣнֹ㣬ʶȤˡ


10 
ûӻĴ㣬¾Ҳ׼ĶӶ¾ӭȢһ޵¸ּɡ
׮£˵ûκϰ
˵ĻԭͶĽȥȥһͨڣܿ㵽˴ǰһա
Ϊ˵ڶյĴ飬жѴɨɾֻϲʱŻõĺ
ʱ䣬һֱŹԼԺİڿԺӵĺʱвһʵУ
ҵСүҪˡ
뵽ʶһ۲Զ飬һۣȴӲðһɻĸо
ãɫ͸պÿڰ뿿εĹϡ
ʱĹ飬ϴһЩԿɵİɫ廨ۣͷе顣
ʹ֮£Ũܶ˳Ľë´һƬӰ
εǰ棬һһð̵Ĳյİ
棬ֳһ¾õģ
֮ǰû¾һȻԼү
ϾྩУ˭˲֪˼СӹǸ첻ߵģ
ƽֺè±Լһ
⡰Ժζġĸ֣СӱռȥԺȶġ
ˣȻҲ¾õһ죬ɲ˾û
ڶݵĻ֮󣬰־ֲ˾⡣
ΪСˣ˵䲻ŵĻһʮʱа˸ʱӰ롣
ʱϵı仯ġ
԰ⲻҲܿ뱻ͻǰȣ鲻ǰ嶯ˣҲ³ࡣ
ٿⷬ¾õģʱЩӦ·ǹӦеģ
ڰŹЩʱſڴ㴫һϤʺ
ڿʲôأ
үÿҲ֪˭
ֻѰˡ΢΢ЦЦе飬һ泯˻Ρ
һдиط飬ĶУȷϲ̨顣
Ҫǰ񿴵ԼĵܵܿЩ޹ص飬ٲû˵ϼ䡣
Դϴιͼùӻֵ֮Ĺϵ㻺˲٣ټϹϾҪӸԺ;ǶٶҲͽ͡
ڹڿѧʱ򣬲˵ʲôŹȥ
ϲ飬ﻹмһ˸͹
㣬лˡ
ûеӲƷĹŴЩ飬ǹʱȫǲˡ
ⱾѾڿڶˣԶڹĺ⣬Ȼܾ
ŵܵܵлʱЦݣҲϹ˹
ǰôûпԼܵôɣ֪ˣܵȴϾҪˡ
뵽ԭĴǱ̲סѹѹԺӵĺɫƺҲôĿ
ǡʱ򣬹鿪ѯʣ
ڹʲô𣿡
ֹʣжûŮˣһֱƹĳڻڱ˺ý㡣
ڳж̫̫ҲãѾºܶˡ
Թڹһˣǹһְŵġ
ձǹͬӴӣ˵ӦǹΪæµʱ򣬵ȴƫƫ˹Ժӡ
ȷЩ¡΢΢ͷȻ֣ŵһӰƴĽз˹ǰ
ʲôӹУ鷢֣ǺϻһѾϸµСԿҲһͬͷλá
״Ҳû룬ֱӴ˽У򿪺һ۾ܿзźһֽš
Ҫ˵óֽš
󣬹㷢֣һֽ
һǮ
ģһƱԵؿһ£ЩƱһǧӺһƱӦˡ
Ʊ棬һЩһЩ֮⣬ŲƷ嵥
嵥ֽű㲻ѿӦǳԲͬʱڵ嵥
һֽŽ£ϸŵɢīζӦдġ
һֽѾЩ΢΢ƣּҲЩ΢΢ɫѿ嵥ѾЩͷˡ
ȹʣѾһ˵
Ǵļױ
ױǼױƺҲЩ˰ɣ
Ǽ޸ޣѰǧ޸ױҲ١
˵˶٣ĻȻû˵˼ȴʮԡ
Ѱǧ޸ӣΪҲᱸϷļױ黹ˡ
ҲһЩɣǹƴǣʵˡ
Ȳ˵Ʊ˵嵥Ѿвٶʲôׯʲôֻ
࣬ʥѾʥּȵǳɻʱ򣬱Ϊױȫ԰
˵һ˿ź
ǹ밴Ƹ׼ױȷʵѾòˡ
ڷڹǰģѾǹܹóжˡ
һ㣬Ҳ顣
Ϊϸ֮󣬹ܿ㷢˲ԡ
ЩƱͷԼ㲻˵ˣ͵˵嵥
µһ嵥ӦӸǱĲ
嵥ݱܿǱĲ񣬹һҲû£ȫ˹顣
һ㣬Ҳûʲô顣
Ϊǹһͷļ壬ҲзĲ
ĹؼЩͷ嵥ϡ
ĸ׵ļױӰɣ
Щ΢΢Ƶ嵥Ȼѯʣȴƶ
ûûзϣԭŵȹȢ޵ʱٽױ㣬Ҳһġ
ЩˣԼô죿
ֻԷһеļױӣͼԿ϶˷˵ļױûиԼ·ֺ
Ҫ֪˷˳Ի¼ң¼ҵĵС㣬޽˸ʱ򣬿˵ʮױ
˺˷˴գһ̨һ̨ļױ֪ɷ˶ˣɼױ֮
ȻڹóļױӣԶ˷˼˸ʱʮױ
˺ΪжоĵճӣӭȢһ̼֮Ůǵʱĳжһ£Ǯ㡣
ڹ˷˽󲻾ãױϵĶȥ˲٣ټϹ˷ʮġ
һ㣬ڻܹʣ嵥ЩѾǷǳ׵ˡ
ڹЩȫ˹飬Ҳ
ϾֵĸţǿǵͲ֧һӵܵĿԺȢӣҪǮ
ɲΪˣΪ˹㡣
ʲôô죿ҲصǳжĵճӣԺǴģҪĸ׵ļױʲô
ӹ̹ȻвѿʹûͻʥּҲ׼Щױġ
ʶһ㣬Щ˵ĸӣ
Ҫ֪ʮûٸСݵ˷˵ʮױʢ
˵ʲô˷ǹСӵĸڹ˷ȥˣױϸǹСһ̳ͬС
ȴһֱѳżױӣ˺ȥҲóģһСӵ˼ҲûС
ҲΪСһֱãҪ˽Ӧ̳еǲּױ
˭ӹ˷ȥ֮󣬹ݲ˴һ˿һļױΪ˹СӴ㣿
˵ĸ֮ӣΪ֮ԶⷬҲȷܵһ縸
硭
ǹ飬ʱҲ֪˵Щʲôˡ
ڶϹ˸ŵĹâʱһβε
ԭӦڹСӵ顭
뵽һױ쳣֡
Ȼȹ˵ʲôǲʲôƵģûи˵Ļ᣺
ǰԺһЩҪȥͲˣЩ㶼úãӸϣҲеһЩֻҪӸúãͻá
˵֮󣬹ͷҲص뿪˹Ժӡ


11 
̬˼Ҳֻ˳˼Щױ
Ǹ۾಻ɳӵˣȻЩ£ȻҪŪЩױ浽װЩʲô
ЩׯҪ˱֪ʵȲᣬ˵
ԺЩ˵һֱڴϣ
һʱ򣬹ȷеЩ⡣
ЩĹ۲죬ѾˣԺӵУ˰ĵ֮⣬ˣԹСӶֻǱ𾴣ΪóΥ
ԵĲ˵˵һѹʱ򣬾ܿ
ʱŸûãǹؾĶȮһѰ˹
öҲ֪һ˹ȥͨ˷籨š
˺ŭ֪Сδ£Ժӵˣ˰֮⣬һ
ǻǰĹСӣ˵ⷬɣ¾Ǳ˻Ҳܵ
£ڹСӵļв
ԭΪΪЩ˵ڳŵУǲŻ²ˡ
˭֪ڹȴСԺ˵˹ɨҲû©
˵Щ˵ڹϣ͹ԹСӵİ˵Щôҵģ
ʱվһԵİʱڣ
ūŵ֪Щԭڳеģֻǰմү˵үϾҪ޸ˣЩںʣרȥҺүҪ˹
Դӹظ֮󣬱ʱʱ飬ֵ˵ʱҲûŰ
ЩǸɵҲˣ
ⳣﲢΪϲүǰֱ֣װġ
εĴͻʥּҲгֱʡ
֪Щ֮󣬰ǲţھ֮ȴܿԼ̬ͬ
Եı仯ǣڰ˵ŵʱǰ𾴣һЩߡ
ڣоͶһ˿ֻ
ūŻ˵ԭǲģ֪үֺͺү˵ʲôүǿóｻ˳ɰѳˣ
֪Ҫģһ˿Ȼ
ѹˡ
ڹͰԺ˵ʱſڱ㴫һʰ
Сү
̧ۣ㿴˹СһվſڵģӦǹ͹ո˵͹Ǽ顣
Ȼһ룬߱㿪˵Լ⣺
үԸūŽЩ͹
ͿˣϵĿλ°ͣ߷ʱһ䣬ôôࣿ
ոչ˵ǱҲмʱ򣬹ΪҲıе۵飬˵Ҳʮģ
СүĻ˼⣬з˵ױӵЩ˲ᣬү˵Ҳһ㣬ǡ
˵棬߲֪뵽ʲôֹס˻ͷϳһ˿ԥŹЩֹ
ʲôߵ̬ⷬȣ˹еһ˿棬ֱ׷ʣ׼ùһ
мӡү˵СүҪǸȤԿҪǲȤǾͱˡ
æɲػشţˣ˵ʱߵԽԽСҲʼƮǲҿ顣
ԭ黹Ǹνġӡʲôڿߵ֮ⷬб˴²²⣺
ձӵĴ֮ˣֵܹⷬģֻᣬԴıܻͼ롣
֮⣬绹зԸʲô𣿡㲻ѯʹ£ԭѾȥ׼һ鷭֣Ҳֱ˻
һֱעŹ鶯߼ջȥĶ˿
оǣү˵ˣԺЩˣСүõ˳ֱ£õĲ˳ֱ֣ӷ˱ǣù˼ʲôĵûʲôˡ
߲˵˵Щ˵ǹרȥҪʱ򣬹֪˹⡣
˿ɣչӣǻʱ̫ЩæŻʵڲЩ˵ᱻ͵Уǻᱻֱӷ
˭᲻ϲ΢İأ
ȻҲ⣬ǲϹ˹Ҳһ˿ã
֪ˣȥʱ˳Ҹһлл
ΪСˣүСүĸ顣
үСүÿοСүʱûʲôɫ
ȴ֪үֻǲڱÿ˳֮󣬴үܻеں𣬲ӦöСүӡ
߱ΪСүʹүĹϵһֱȥû뵽ȴתȻּɡ
һСү˵ҪлүȻһڱӦ
ǣūһСүĻ
ЩæȻҲУȻҲһ㣬ȷûн֮󣬹ֱ뿪ˡ
뿪󣬹ԼЩױȵһ֮󣬹˳ִǵһ׼һʱ䡣
ԭǴַģҲ֪Ǻûǲãһ֣ɲɣһɲС
ϱӹΪ̥ëСЩ顣
˼˲ҽҽĽ鶼ùԹ̱ԪΪ
ͳҽѧḺ́ԪҪıҪĹ
ϱӵĹ飬ûпκβļֵ۵İƵͼƬݵġ
һˣȻһ档
էȻĻӣȻ֪
ò˵˵ĻǸԡ
ФʱȻ˵뱾һģһҲٿ˵һɡ
ڻСʱȴһ˵ʥ֣ǳ뻯˺֡
ͻ˵·ǲϵ壬ϵı飬ʵϸ壬˾ôʮ㡣
ùڿ˵һֱ֮Ӿûס˵ڶۺ͵ۡ
߿黹еĸпţ
¹Ȼıܣ⻹ʮһأôˣ
վڲԶİͶ͹˺档
Ͼոɲģһ֪è塣
ڼһ鿴רĵģûס˿˳㣬һۡ
һۣ鵽һְ֪ôݵƣһˣ

ʶг󣬰̱ʶ˲ԣ
٣үԣԲ𣡡
̫а
һͨİĿ·ŻصеĻϣ
ˣ㻹ôүҹ
⡭ôҲû뵽ԼүĻԭΪǻӵݶʱǺҪѪ֧֧˵
ȻⱾ֣ǵңȻҳ˵ڶСֱֵݸûȥúÿȡúӦӦүҶˡ
Ҫֻ˵ˣǱǲҲýӣֻܶһŴ˹
ǡ
ڰԼⱾ̵òסʱ򣬱㿴ԼүֽеĻһҳ
Ҳˣֹʲô
ƺ񲻴лһ¡
۽ǵպܹеҳͼֽİ
֪Ϊʲôһ˲䣬Ȼôһͬӡ


12 
ɹܲŰЩʲô
˵Щӿ˵ǡ͵Ŀϡ
ܹ֪ⷽʶȱҡȤ
ͬഺеһοʼŮԱʶСһ㣬ЩСᣬǷ´½ֱӿԡ
յµĽǡ鰾֮ĵһҹ
ҪǷѰʱ򣬱Ҳûʲô
ϾжûĸΨһһЩݵ̫廹ãΪ̫̫˳һʮ壬Сôȥ̫̫ķ밲
ټǰЩһֱ壬˺Ҳıޣɴֱ˹밲
Թ˯ͣҲ˵ʲô
ǽȴһ
ǹӡ
̷һ׼ȻҲ⡣
ʱ򣬰Ѿ˹ķš
ʱĹŸһʱ˯ʱҪǿ־Ϊ֧ţ۾Ҳ
ɾɾٵزУɫҲЩá
ģڲ֪ױУֻǹСΪȼӸ鲻á
޶żͨҹСˣ˹֮⣬һ
ֻΪԶʱͬǱӪҵ
Ҫйһ䡰үҶڣ˵ʲôҲǲȥֻӵġ
ǿӪҵĺǣһ϶û˯
ǰҹΪӹķԸСӦӦںҹ
ȫΪ˯š
һ۾Ժоͻḡֳϵݣô˯
ȣڵ״̬Ҳòȥ
һһήҲģǵУӡ֤еĲ룺
СӶҪ޸£ĺܲˣ
ͬ뷨ģйء
ǰЩΪٵֹټϳű£غͣһ
ڵ˹ӣصһѾ˺ܾˣôס
԰æĽڣֱﵽ˹Ժ
ظһţľɫѿ۾ǰڲĹ飬ԼήҲİ
һĳΪЩûҹ鷳Ʊһɨգ
ĸ磬տϲӣҪһЩźá
˵֮󣬹æ̧֣סԼ죺
ѽԣǰЩĸΪ׮Ѱٻأ׮²ĸԸ˲Ҳ˵˻ĸֲǡ
Ҫǻɾõʱ򣬹鵹ǲ͹
ûϢõĹ˵صⷬƣǲͣߡˡĲӬƵģ˵Ľ
ڣڹ˵²ĸԸҲѾ޷ıˣǹԼģĸ绹Ϊáʱ򣬹˫ۡ
۾󣬹ȴûֻĹأǽһ

ţүһ飬ֱӴ˯˹
ѾĽȡ𣿡ƽѯʡ
ողСĴûǷķԵİȻ׹ΪʲôͻȻʵڶݵķӦ֮󣬻Ǹ˴𰸣
ûûаɣ
ŶһΪȡءɫص˵ͷ
ò˵ӦֱӽԹصĳ˼¡
ؾûҲ֪ΪһŮܹӵнĵλ鹫аʸȫΪڸܳ衣
ǰڳű֮󣬹Ҳˡ
ǣῴ²˵ġ
ͳűЩ죬ڳѾʧķԷʹϹӦģЩ˶Թص̬ҲЩһЩ
ҲΪűԵʣضЩǺȴûκΰ취
ֻǱ㣬Щ츸Ȼҧõģǳű£ƫƫ黹Ҫĺĺĸ򣬻ൣĵԼİΣ
ţüͷ΢ôù仰Щأ
ܿ죬뵽ˣ죬ƺҲ˵
ʱ˵⻰ԭ򣬻Ϊӿޣؾӡ
ǽ˵⻰Ϊ
Ҫ²⣬ؾ͸˴𰸣
绹֪ɣߵˣⲻ֪˰ԼȫҶѹ˸ϣĽء
⻰˵ûͷûβģȻҲһ֪⡣
ɾҲܴӹػеġߵˡԼȫҶѹϡƲӦ˿ʲôĶľ֡
ǲ֪ľֵʲôˡ
һµǶľ֣һ¾˾񡪡
ΪС岻ãѰԵʣȳ˸׷̼
ʳ˼˶֮⣬ʲôȶģأ
ĩе˶֪̼ҹ˼ңǴС㺬Ž׳үȴ֪˼ҵһ涨
ǱҪӵ˼Ҽ̳˵ʸ񣬾ͱҪȲ˼ҵκһĿ
ĿǴһС˾ҲǴһСҵͬҲһԱȽϳɹͶʡ
˵ΪԵʣ˼Ҹ鿪һˡ
СǸģΪԼ˲Եܾ˼峤һȨ
ʵ֤Ҳȷпʱ
˼ͬһģͬϵ֧һ𣬲뿼˵ڶʮʮΪһˣ黹ֱӽڶ˦˰˰֡
ҲΪһοˣֱһսΪ֮ƹܹ˼ң춨˲ɶҡĻ
ʱ˶۹鵱ʱ漣ı֣ȴֻΪ׽Ǽĸ֪鵱μӿ˵һ乫˾ĵһͰ𣬱ǿӮġ
֪ྩ֮һԼĶ̣̾;òˡ
ǡãǸزסģ뽫ľֵ˵
ھпɿ˲ٹĸĶľأ֪ǶĵʲôǶӸϻ
ȻغĻû˵ڣͱױָƲˡ
С㣬үһҪˡ
֮ڲֹΪոչصĻȻǵĶУȴЩġ
ϾСүǻָģСүٲԸ⣬Ҳ䶨ˣǹԼģźá
ҪܹΪؼ仰ͨҲһ¡
ǶľȴһؿеĶľҲţӣ˵ֶľ֣ôôȻҪֹġ
Ҫжйµ˭ҪŵڶǾûŵһ
һᵽһ뵽Щںһϵ£æס˻ͷ
ɾҲ˳˲٣ոջѾ˵һˣͲŹ̵ס
ţرձ
Ҳ֪ǹظ˵ϰߣɲû˵ڵǰ仰֮ǰûǷһݻ
ո˵ˣĸ࣬ͦÿ
˵֮󣬹زת뿪
ȻҪ佱顣
޵ĴڣڹһҲǰ޵Ĺġ
ӳޣȻҪŮװͷɹһЩ·ӾҲƫһЩ
һ仰ѹ飬ǳޣȢޡ
ֻܿϧ鲻ǹСӣǾ仰ûиκ˺
ڵĹ飬ֻԹظո˵ǸľָȤ
Ÿոչ˵ľֵʱ˵ķӦ̱ѡ˹ڡ

Ÿոǵı֣˳ְǴȥ
ڸովѾױҲûķԸ׷˳˷䡣
١үȻȴӵСһֱ˵ڣֱүʲô¡
ڿǶߺ󣬸ǽ
Ȼ
ոС˵Ǹľ֣ʲô˫΢΢һУֱʳеɻ
⡭үūŲ
û˵֪꣬˵ʲôˣһϣ
֪֪ƭү˵㲻
Ǹϲزסµģոչ˵ľֵʱ򣬰ɫԱˣԭ˯˫۶˲١
˵֪ҪˣϱӾǰ׻ˡ
⡭ǱˣҲ֧֧Щ˵
֪ڲ˵ʲôأ¶һº͵ЦݣϾҪһȥӸϵģھͿʼҵĻˣ
һӲʩȻסˣ
ǡǡڶүӸܡܻá
ôĶܻãɫδ䣬ǵĻϹ˹񱻶Ǹ˲Ƶġ
졣
ȻʱѾ͵ÿҪˣֻа͹ˣشûӹ˫
ôʶ٣鲻֪뵽ʲôϵıˡ
үܻһʮһһһģһʮ
Խ˵ԽС˵һʮʱֻʣ
ԭΪʣүһ˭֪Ļû̧ͷԼүЩ˷ܵ
ֺ£
ʲʲôԼ˻
ڰԼүѾ˵ʱ򣬱㿴鳯֣

æǰһûüѯʹʲô߾˹ķԸ˵ʲô֮󣬰˶סˡ
ѾǻˣȷԼүȷʵǱˣȻôȥѺע
ܸɳ£
ʵ֤黹ܸɳ
ȰӦֱӸ˰һƱ
еƱһ۾ϳˣүСүļױһʱЩѣ
⡭
һ۾Ϳ͸˰еΪѣ׼
үҪ죬ǮҲûãҪǻүҿɾͷˡ
ò˵⻰ֱӱ˵˵ϣԥ
ʱ򣬹ּһѻ
ҪǲȥҾһȥʱҪǱ緢ˣô֪ľֵݵġ
ūȥò˵вǳãҲܲ߰ˣ̾͵ͷӦ
ȥأԣ̳һЦݣˣȥʱҸףɱϳˣҪ˲ʣӰү׬Ǯ
ǡΪ仰һ򣬲ûˤסκæӦ
¹˵ʲôԼΪѵĻӦ֮æӰƱڳԺӣģи׷Ƶġ
ڶ飿
ǡ̧ۿ˷ǰľӣ뵽ʲôͷͨӹ۲Լڵģ
СӺ͹ϱӵĳоŷƣΨһһֲͬΪ岻ãҲһ˿е
鱾Ӧöò쳣Ϥڿ˵ʱһ¡
ԭСӵĳ౾Ǿдһ˿ޣڴһϮ£ǵľױеƺ޷Ŵһ۱Ϊ֮ޡ
ò˵ػ˵һ˻ġ
Ȼܺÿ
ž˵ģҲ̲סп


13 
ÿѾ뿪ûⷬૣȻ˵ܱõ졣
գһߣ¾Ҳڿʼԡ£׼ӭ׵ˡ
ʱӸҲֻаϲµʱŻõĺ
Ҳ֪ΪӸĳӲʲôԭжȣӸϾôһ˿ϲĸо
ĺǽϵĿĺɫ֣֡û˻Žۡ˵Ĵϲ֮ա
尿ڻϲ¾̣ջûסƵؿ˿ڣ
ܻΪֽǲ׼ȥӭء
Ҳ尻˵Ҫ֪Ϊ˷ֹ¾æ첻ʹ¾ĸϡ
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14 
쳣ԵĿˮҪװƣҲЩѶȡ
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15 
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16 
ʹ鿴ʱ¾ı飬ᶨҲܹԼѡ¾ûйڡ
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ո˵ǻ˼ڵװģ
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رڿЩؽ񣬸ԴŸԵСʱеǼһ


17 
ͬʥּݺԭÿɫת磬۽ǣҲһ˿Ц⡣
ò˵ϵһʥּʱ
ԭ޼ɵ¾غ첻˵ЩȱȱĹԱǣҲ˲ࡣ
ЩЦ˵ŷлģ尾Ǳ۾Ҳ֪ЩЩʲô
޷ֱһޣԺעλԵǹ˼ɵʱеıȨûջȥǻ
Щ˾ˣ̬Ҳ
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ڷʥּѾˣٲߣǾЦûпɣԼЦ
ԭиƫӵЩԱڷѾ뿪֮Ҳȥеǵӹǣǰ¾ϲǷеĻһһ䣬
Ȼ尶Щǽͷݰ̬Ⱥǿϣȴû¶κζߣֱǰһ¾ӦЩЦ崺磬ȴ֪ڴЩʲô̵ĹԱǡ
һʱòг
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뵽ո˵Ҵ̤һ̿ʼûͷʱı顣
¾㳤һӣֱӽǱڱ鷭ŵСõϣ
ģһ⣡


18 
¾һ˵ˣȻ˵˻ùĻôһʧ
Ҳ¾ıУһ
ǾʲôʯͷԼĽš
һʼûʶԡ
Ϊ¾ʼı֣֪ʼĲ²ȷģ˺һһѧߡ
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ĩĴүǶǣЦǽһزɡ
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ҪһأǴѧ߼ûκβο̲ģƾԼı
¾ˣǵڡһ˵Χ֮ڣο̲ģҲԼͻˡ
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Ŀԣ֤˰Ļ䣬ʱڵĶһֱʱ򣬲ͣϢ
үǴʮ㻹ƣɫٵ˻߿ʼģֱ
ǴӷżԼүĺΪԼүֱӽڽϡ
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ĹֻܻһյֱӵһһĹֻܻյ΢΢ǣԭһǵڵһһ
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֮ǰѺעģеƾ֤ŹձǮ
Щûüעģڿׯǰ̵ʱǽһղѣվڶԹ˺һȷׯҶû¿̵ͷ󣬲ű뿪


19 
ڹ¾ɻĵ죬ĪԼһԶĵ·ԵĲ¥Уһˡ
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ܣû㵨ӻͦ󰡣ϧˣҾֻȥעׯˣɰһˣ
ʲôûŵҲƣ
ǿɲҲǣׯҪǲǰ̣¶ټҵ׶ģ

ͽؾۼһ𣬻ཻŸԵϢ
֮ԻۼȻΪҪ۲ʲôʱ񻻰׶УȻȥׯǮ
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ЩˣʧЩִ磬ԺһעһЩ
ȥ̫ҽԺ֮¾Ҳ֪ⷽ汾ͻЩܣ黹ӣǼѡ
̫ҽᣬ¾֪ˡ
ڿ˿ڴ׵ģ¾֪ΪʲôѾȥһգ黹ܵģ
뵽¾еĶˡ
ǽԼͷ֮Уֻ¶һԺڵѪ˫
ʱ˵ƺЩᣬƺִһ˿˿ԺҲֻʣһ仰
ˣôðȥ̫ҽģ


23 
鲻֪, ¾˼ȥ̫ҽʵüΪϸ꾡
ʹ̫ҽԺ
ܴˡܴˣ̫ҽͬ, ûܵش̲ס, ̫ҽһѡ
ţ̫ҽæ̫ҽ, пԿʱ̫ҽЩĲɡ
ܴôˣкβʣ, ̫ҽҲ˲Լ¶ˣǵѯš
̫ҽû˵, һԲ̫ҽһ˿ڣԴӱ½гȥ֮, ˡ
, Ҳ֪˵ʲôⶼС, ûء
ԭվһĥҩĻ̫ҽʱҲ̲סˡ
ȥʹ, ̫ҽԺһˡ
ԭ̫ҽǻΪǻʹĹʲô, ˭֪ȴ˵û£ֻʼ⡣
ڼ򵥵ѯʹǵó֮, 㽫רǵ̫ҽгȥ˺һĻ
¾ʲô, ̫ҽԺ̫ҽǶ޴ӵ֪, ֻ֪, ̫ҽ֮󣬱ģˡ
µȷ˺һЩҲڰ˸ųɣ
ԭ̫ҽԺ̫ҽǻµ̫ҽ˵ʲô, Ǻö֢ҩοһ˭֪ôѯʣ̫ҽǲ¶һ֡
Щ̫ҽֻգ̫ҽ⡣
ͬһһĻش̫ҽ˽ʼĩһйϵ̫ҽҲ˵Щʲô
ֻܿ˫ֿʼƮ̫ҽֻҡҡͷתͷصԼλá
Ҳ֪Ϊʱ̫ҽԺУǻѾͷ
̫ҽ˵˵ţⲻ֪ôľ͹յ¾ϡ
¹¾̫ҽҲ˵ֻ̫֣˵޹ؽҪ¡
˵⻰ģȻȻתƵ˹ϣ
үǼعصˣǰھҲǳӣԺеĿͷˡ
Ҳ˵ɣŽһֱŽģүҲû˵ʲô
յȻǲ˵ʲôģϾʥϴͻ飬ڹУүΪС¶󲵵Ҳʥϵ棬Ұ
ʲô
Ұոܴ˱гȥʻ֮;ǻһ𣿡
ԣźʲôҩߣ
˵ˣҩߣܴҩʱ¹þԱߣǡñ㿴лһƿ࣡
࣬Ӧ¹õĽҩ
Ч죬κƤ۵Ĳ֣˿жأù֮󶼲̡
ҲΪ˵Ǳܹйǵ
ȻҩЧжã޷ڸǽҩʵ
뵽̫ҽԺе̫ҽɫ죬ཻһ󣬲Ϊȷؿ˿ڣ
˼ǣүרΪõģ
Ϊʲôүʲôˣ⸮ϻȱ˽ҩɣ
˵ҲǣΪ˲̺ۣտҪѹˡ
˵ţ̫ҽϵıЩ
飬̫ҽбЩͬ飬һ¾ר̫ҽԺ˽ҩе֮ıˡ
Ƕ̫ҽ˵¾ǾǳΣҲ˵¾Ĳǡ
ֻܶһҡҡͷ̾ϢһҪ˵Ļѹĵס
ȻЩ̫ҽǲûз֣̫ҽʱı飬ǸӸӡ
ԭЩ̫ҽ˵¾ʱ̫ҽѾ
˸ոշ£عǡñ㽫ͬǵ˸š
ͬпյĲ²⣬ΪΨһ֪ʿ̫ҽ˵Ǽ临ӡ
ڻ˵ʲô
ѵҪ˵ƿ࣬Ϊڽѵ֮ãԼЩƷĽҩĲλ
˵½гȥ˺óһʱĻѯܹ֮ע
˵»ûʲô֮ˣΪ©ע֮ñʸд
һ̫ҽ֪ο˵
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˵Щ˵ԼЩ²ϲͬţҲš
ϾЩԼ̫ҽҲǸɱѪ£˽¾ȻҲôϸܵһˡ
̫ҽֻܻŸӵ飬ͬ˵ʮǧĲ²⡣
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̫ҽлиԤУ
ѪͷԺΪڡ
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˭֪黹ԶԶûꡣ
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Ϊ벻Զһ۾ͿǺӵеĶµһŵؿ¾
⡭ʲô
Ǵ¾ʲôֵķӡ
ôůк֮лѸٵģ
ǰŲŸҩ˵ʲôĹˣžȻ
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¾һ񣬾֪ˡ
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¾ձֻһó̲̫ҽ鿪һ㲹ķӡ
˭֪̫ҽǡһҲȢһޡ
ͬ¾ǱʥּǿдճһԲ̫ͬҽλΪԼİͨԸ˼ļ̳ȨԼ޹һĻᡣ
λܼҵ̳ҽСǰμ⣬ȻͱѰ˸˽޵Ĳ֮
ȻܹΪԼ޷ļ̳ȨôԼΪЩţ
ΪԼܹʱ򲻱ʹĥ̫ҽǳ˼ʱ뾫Ƴһ̲ٵҩ
̫ҽ¾Ϊʱ򣬱ᵽԼϵһ׷ӡ
˵Ҳɣ̫ҽҩУպôһҩ
ԭ̫ҽһϲзˣ֪̫ҽôһӣ̫ҽһס
أȻҪӿǡ
̫ҽҲû룬㽫ҩóһ˳ˮ顣
ԭ¾Ҳûҩϣ̫ҽἰЩ֢֮󣬾ͱ
ȵ̫ҽ˵֮¾Ҳ룬ҩ˸ϣ׼̾͸ϡ
Ա¾ʱ˵ʲôԲá֮Ļ
ᶨǿƵ㲻ܾĻᡣ
¾Ľ֪ͣԼˣոҩʱѾĵѪ˫ʱ·øӵȡ
ɴѡ½Դͷȥ
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¾˵ҩ񲢲ʯƣһʵصҩ࣬ȻڻҪȡĺ
еıŤʱ˲١
Ҳ֪ҩãΪ¾æѹѨ滺Եʡ
˵ڶգϵĲʸбѾ˴롣
ǹ޽ĵա
뻪ʷϴһҲŵĹأԹҪ¾һ˳ж
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󣬻ڲݶ¥һɫµȱסֱӿ޳
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ߵͬʱлһֽشֺϡ
ʱǰȥϸ鿴ܿеֽϣԼдšķա
ֻȴûǸġ
Ϊʱڲеˣ϶һɫеֽһƾ֤
ΨһĲͬ±Ľˡ
ûЩ˶ǲμǳڹСӸлաĶľֵĶͽ
֪
Щ˵ݣ翼ɥģ˲ˡ
޷ΪǹСӵţЩѹľֵı˸Ѫ޹ˡ
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Ȼڳ֮Уûȥ˺õķӦ
ڷԼǰǸסµֱ֮ǰһԽ˹˺ãԭӦù˺¡
ڹΪ˺÷ǵûоԽҴޣкݺݵ˿
ͬʱԶŲŲڳ㹻Ŀռ䣬Աӡ
¡ߵ¾ߣ˰
˴ӡʺ¾΢΢˵ͷΪӦ
ڹˣ¾ӡ󲢲
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رڴڶգԭӦȥ밲ĹһնûжеЩԸϡ
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С㱻軵ˣҲ֪⼸տиү鷳
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ʲô
ԭ¾ǰ仰ϵѾ˲١
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֪ôģ̱뵽ڴĵڶգԼܵûȥ밲¡
ʱȻ˵»򸾶򣬵ڶյʱʵ˽˵ϡ
ڴ鵱գ˱Ѿ
һһֱŹ¾˵Ĺ飬ʱ̲סˣ
үڴӦʲôô
ԼٲڣܰԼţǼ
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֣
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Ϊʲôһעسŵ»ΥԼŵԣ³ŵĵ졣
һеԵɾȻԼܵϣ
һ뵽գӭ׵ʱԼҵܵܵһ֣֪²û˵ѡ
˵ʲô
ŵԼܵƵģܵԼһĸͬĵܵܡ
˽ܻô죿ѵܴܰܵɣ
ֻԼոպôһ˿д棬ûֱӳ¾ѣʱҲֻܳ¾¶һЦݣ
лү
ɲǺ
ԼܵܶǸɫжģûҲͰˣȻ˳˹⡣
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Ҫ˵Ȼʼȷռһˣ˶¾
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ڹΪ»ΪԼҵܵⷬʱȴϷǵû˿ãһ˿ΪԵЦ⡣
һƺ΢һ˿ײĳĵͳش
ȷռˡ
֪ͺá
鴽΢΢¾һ͵ƺ¾ʶȤ⡣
Թŵı֣¾ֱȫգû˿졣
˵ⷬУź֪ʶһ£
Լ֮ܵ䣬ƺеĸһЩ
Ϊ֪˹¾֮Ѿ˷֮ʵԵʣҲΪ˹¾ദʱȻ
¾̬ȣҲһת䡣
˵
֮ǰž֮ĽޣֻǵĽ¾үһԴ𾴶Զ
ô֮󣬹Ѿ˾֮Ľ֮ϣ¾Ľ
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¾֪ǣŹʱ򣬹ǡҲеÿ
ڹУҲͬһ˿˼Ҳ֪Щʲô
¾̸һߣ˺ȴѰ
ԭ˺ΪµݣںͣƬ΢һ֮뿪
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ŵĹŮҪӵҳһٷġ
ǵ˷»û뿪ֻܽһͬ÷
˺ñ;¾ողýЩ㱻ǻɷһ仰Ҳ˵
һϳԷ˺Լᱻڷϡ
ƫƫ˺һ֮ùȥӴѾǲϹˡ
ٲǾһҲ˵ȥˡ
ԴʱĹ˺ֻţܹǰ뿪
ֻǺܿϧû˺õΡ
ʱյбѾ˺ȥˣ
үūүš
ƽһΣ˺ñԼ˵һ¡
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ڣĥĥ˽һӣ˺ǡ¾õȡĴߴУ鲻Ըȥ
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Ľ㱻ȡˣ
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˵⻰ʱЩ䣬Ȼ̫̫ǲϲȴҲ˵ʲô
¹̫̫Ҫ˵ܹµǰ
Ϊ¾ݵԭ򣬹ŵʱ򣬳жеڴŴӼݡ
Թոյжʱ򣬱㿴˹˺ŸеڴŴŵģ
Ҳ£ںŵĵطһμ˹СӵĸҲж̫
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̫̫ڵ״ʵ˵һ佡ʡ
ڴŴȺƬ̣̫̫ϵѪɫۿɼ˲١
ȵ¾ʱ̫̫һͿȲͣ·һֱιȥ˵սľѡ
¾̫̫ȥϢ
ͬʷϴ೯һƳТ֮
⸮ڵ̫̫岻ʣָóȥ̼£ŸɵĻǱǲТ
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ﱻųԺӡ
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⻰Ҳ֪뵽Щʲô֮Ҳһ˿Ȼ΢΢ЦЦ
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ڹ̸ֵܵʱ򣬹˺٣˽
˺ÿλϵ£ֿŵԼŮ֪˶ڵһˡ
аԼոյĥͬʱ˺Ҳֻܻ飬¾
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ֻƮƮ˵һ䡰Լһ䡰ɡûٸ°
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ȻΪȻģǹ顣
ҶԼڵ£鲻Ӷķɿ죬ʱʱԱߵ˼һҲ߶ͣ
ү㳢ǲĳζһ
үٳĢӵһ־ʻˬڣǲ
ү⣬ۣڼ

¾ųɻգ¹û
ԷʱԵԼϲʳԵĵʱԵԼòĵģˮʱеһԵ𣬶ֱ¾һ
¾ҲȻѾϰ˹ڹԼеʳȫ߲ܡ
ڹ˵Լرϲĳһʳʱ¾˳ְҲһӡ
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ڹ֮󣬹ز֪Ժл˶ٴι鱻¾ĥĲεģ
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ô⣿
еУģˡ
ʹϱĩҲûгԹ⡣
һСҲ䲻ϲ⣬ҲûгڹĲϹ
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ҽһ¡
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ܿص˼µֳΪոյľٶһ˵ڲϵˡ
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ƾʲô
ƾʲôǹ飿
ƾʲôܹõĳ谮
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Ǵʱע⵽صĻܺ׵زȻֱӱ̼غۡ
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¾ȻҲȥ˼עһŮ
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ڹߵĹͮһһѰ˹أָЩǣؿܵͬһָŹıһͨ
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¿Ӻ󣬹ҲһΪҪܵĴ̼
˭֪·ǲԸŹƵģ֮ļ仰ֱù˲ʧȥǡ


24 
, Ƕسȥʣµķˣ˲ˮ͵ġ
һڲ裬ں, ڣ
ס
ʲô
ôʼʩӴ¾Ĳ¶, ȻԼĹ˺䲻, ûзӦֻʶӦһ
֪׽ɺãȫûзֹ˺õĳ񣬹еѯš
á
Ϊոչ¾ڲϵĻ, ڹ˺ԹӵʱҲһη֮顣
ڻشʱ, ҲͣͣΣģ, ԼĶӽ, Լϼ
ĸأոҼĸӣƺǲã
ȫûп˺õĽƵ, ѯʣϹ, ٲȻһĳСģ
ĸȷǲ̫á
ᵽ̫̫, ˺Ȼ뵽˱Լųĳϵıˡ
Ȼ, ʹ˺òǷǳ, Ҳ֪, ڳ, ġ
׻˵ʲôʲô
Ȼһ仰ᵽ˳
ĸ˼ˣȷʵС, Ҳعģǳڸĸ̼
ǣĸ˵ϸģܵԡ˺õ˵ͷԽ˵Խ顣
ϸܵʲôɣ
ܹҳȥˣĸϸܵģõģ
Ϊз飬˺õҲԽԽС¹Ϊ
һԻû뿪ĹأҲʶʲô͵̧ͷ˹飬
ֽ˽
Ȼù˺ú͹ضû뵽ǣǵûз𣬷ͬص˵ͷ
ȷʵһ׵ˣĸҲ˷ġ
⻰۾΢΢Ŵš
Ҫڹǰ˿ỳɹ˵Ļ
Ѿ֪ͻֱʣڴ֮ǰѾ¶˶ĲôܻԸ˵
ڹвʱ򣬾黰һת
һ㲻̫á
һ㣿
˺иոΪû׷ų˼ȥǿʱ
Ҫĸ̼ǶľٷںĺԺ˰ɣ
ǹ˺ûǹأǳжеˡ
ֻ֪̫̫̼ǸĽڡ
ڵĺԺǳڹ
ǸոչǾ仰˵ѯʣ˵Ǿ档
Թ˺ҲܸĴ𰸣ֻ˳ŹĻ˵ͷ
ȷˡ
ʱ򣬹Ҳ֪ҪʲôˣҪøƼ֮Ȩ
ʶһ㣬ٶȽ˽ȴҲûп˵ʲô
Ϊ֪ʹڸΪ鼸仰Ƽ֮Ȩ
ȵ֮Ȩܹ黹ǻỹġ
ϾĺԺУ֮⣬ҲҲڶִˡ
Ȼùû뵽ǣҪģɲóʧƼ֮Ȩô򵥡
ֻ΢΢˵ͷֱһи׳н
Ȼˣôһ£ҾͲò
븸һˣǷǹȢһλӣΪ״Ժ
˻һһһŭ
ʲô
˵ʲô
ȵԹ˺ãһŭö룬Ҳ֪ǳԹ֮ڡ
Ȼ˵ֻȻǲ˼ɹصĸܵġ
˺㵣ƺûзӦģظһոյĻ
˵²ӦڣԴĸȥ֮󣬸ױһֱȻһˣҲûһ֪֪ȵˡҲǿУСĸѾȥʮˣҲӦΪԼ࿼ǿˡ
һ˵һһ䶼˹صϡ
ʲôȻһˣ
ʲôûһ֪֪ȵˣ
У⻰ǽʲôλã
ƫƫػҲκһ仰ȥ飬Ϊϸ˵⻰û˵
Ϊ۳ĺԺλΣҲʼֻ檣ǹ˺õޡ
ڹ˺ã
Ѿкܾûпǹҵˡ
ڹ黹С˷ڶ꣬˺õǿǹ⡣
ʱ̫̫ȴ˵еļӶףóóȻȢһҽԺӲãȺǴһЩˣǡ
˺ñһТӣټ̫̫˵ĵȷеҲʱȢͷ
ж˶Ͳ˺ֻй̫̫һҵ£̫̫ᣬȻҲͲᡣ
һãʮ꣬䲻𣬹˺һʱ仹治֪
⡭
Ȼ֪𣬵
˺õķӦѿ£вܡ
ʱ򣬹赭дؼһѻ
׼ʹΪԼǣҲҪΪеļλֳÿǿǲǡ
ֵܽʲôϵ˺üʵ벻ͨԼ븮еĺʲôϵ
ξûйϵˣ
΢΢̾˿ƺЩΡ
λ綼ӣҲûʲôġеλÿɶ꣬ԵĲ˵ûǴýϾҪ˰ɣ⸮һֱûĸ
Ȼûн˵ȫ˼ȴҲؼΪˡ
Ůӵ˼ǣӵʮ߰꣬бῪʼæˡ
ӻһЩҲŮӾͲһˣǵƹ֮껹˼ң֮Ҫٶɾˡ
˺ó˹֮⣬Ů³˴СѾ֮⣬ڼеı㻹ʣ˶СͮԼСء
ͬ˵ģǹͮǹأڶ˵˼ҵ䡣
˺һֱûȢңһֱû˾ĸڹͮصĻ˵ɲʲô¡
ԽһЩ˼ңԸһȥ鸮кӵĻ¡
ҲΪмλүĻҲһ
ֻΪжеļλү궼ܴ󣬾ĹҲʮţŲԡ
ⲻԣû⡣
˺ñͳȻ֪ѫ˼࿴ʱĽ
˵ԭһĶʱҲ˰˷֣ǣ
Ⲣһ׵¡
Ȳ˵жѾǰˣ˵ڹ˺õ䣬
ҪһʵģҲһ򵥵¡
뵽˺еİ˷⶯ֱ֡
Ȼ˭
ܹĩ׸λãôû׼£
ʱֻЦЦվڲԶİһ
һ㵹ǲø׵ģ
ǰһӻͳһֽչ֮˹˺õǰ
ڰ֮󣬹°ͣʾ˺ã
ȿһ
Ȼ˺Щ룬Թ˺ǰǼֽݿĲУȴҲܹԼԼ滭ŵŮӻ
ˣ⣡飡
ɱˣʱĹѾسƤǽǧˣ
ͮڸո÷ʱֹصһ֮󣬱һֱиһ˿ڹϣʲô¡
ڼһҪ˵ӣ̲סˣٴΰ¹أ棺
ʲô»ڣ㲻ҪˣǿɻҪأ
죡ŤͷŹͮҪøȢһޣʲô
ǰЩﱻʱ򣬸Ѿ˸Ҹɫˣȵ·˽ţﻹĻ·ڣ
˵·˻ǹѡģ
ò˵һ棬صǼΪ˽顣
ڷڹ˺ǰ⼸Ż񣬵ȷɹ顰ϸѡġ
ֹȥ±Ϊʱ¾Ҳյ˹Ķԣѯʡ
ֹİЧʺܲͬشţ˳¾һҺ⡱
ҩ֮󣬱ᵽ˽ջŵ£ʱ¾
ֹ꼸ʱ
¾Ȼ˷֮ʵȻǽ鵱Լӿ
ҪԼˣвĵ
ԭ¾Ϊʲôֵ£Żֹꡣ
˭ֹ֪֮ȴ˵ֻȥýϡ
½ֹȥ죬˵ɱţ
Ȼֹû˵ڻʱﻰⶼڱš´ּëƤ鷳Ҫҡ˼
ҲΪֹȥģԶڹ˺õĻ¾ҲΪ˽⡣
Ůӣ඼мͬ㣺
Խϴ󣬵ȴҲᣬʮ˵ʮ䡣
ΪָТԭûм޹˵Ůӡ
ͬʱ೤඼ȥܹûΪ򱻵󣬶ܹһ˼ҡ
ҪǣΪóӪҪôǼΪóܼңҪôھ̷漫Ϊвܣܵ˵
ֹĻ֮УΪصıһ㡣
Ҳ³жѹס
¾Ʋ˺ã͹ѡЩŮӣûһʡ͵ĵƣöԸǸҲǹ˺Ҳϲϵġ
ѹסһѾ˼øܳʲô
õ֮󣬹еܳһ飬ΪЩŮӵľӪһ㡣
ⷬԼ˼εĻش𣬵¾ĪЩã
Т˳
ϾǰǺлТ˳㲻С
ȫû¾˵Ƶģֱӵ佱ˡ
˵⻰ͬʱ¾һ
˳Źȥ¾ǡɿ˹غ޲ýƤ׺Ŀ⡣
ЦʱɢһɾŹصĿҲ
¾˭
ǻɷֹСҹ䣬ɲս֮սһɱ֮սɵ˵Ѫһһĥ³ġ
ƽǵһҲ˶׻ɢ
˵ʱȻĿ⣬ǹĹŮӿԵֵסģ
¾һ˲䣬رܵ˴Ӽ⡣
̧ڶ¾һ˲䣬ѪҺ·˲ͣƺҲֻܸܵѪҺ͵ʴ⡣
һ˲䣬Ѿ벻ȥԹ޹飬Ժ¾һ˫û˿˫
ȻڹΪ¾һսľʱ¾ȴѾջԼĿ⣬½עŻ˹ϡ


25 
˵֪Īӡ
ʹ˺ദʱ䲢, Ҳûм棬ɽ˺õԸ˸ͨ͸
ԵĲ˵˵⼸Ů, ˺þͶë
ܿ죬˺ñϲһ
Щڸ˺֮ǰ, ¾ѾһΡ
ֻ΢΢ɨһ, ¾ȷˣ˺ѡһƵŮӡ
λСɵֶŮֵ껪, ףܲ
С, ھ䲻ҲԲ޵ĵز, ֮Աڻû, ôǰһλԼ˵
ٻ˼ңϲǰ, ƼҲ⡣
С㶹ޢ֮ʱƼұѾ˼, ֻС㼰֮, ֱӳޡ
ֻвƣС㼰ǰ, зĸȴȻ
ʱС㼰δ䶼С, ˫һҪТڼҴ顣
ƼСѡ˵з
Ȼ˶û뵽, з֮, з游ֺж񼲣ûͦȥҲˡ
һ, ɾԭżƼһ
ϾʱСѾҪʮˣٵ꣬Ƕʮһˡ
Ůõ껪ֻҴҼأת˲š
ʹƼԸٵȣСҲȲˡ
һΣƼұзţСδТڼ顣
СѾз꣬õĻڣҪзڿʼҲһڴӦ
˭֪Ƽҿʼ׼һӦ˵ʱΪ鲻ٳʱ
зȴͻȻֱСĻ²˵ŤͷȢҵŮ
ƼôԸӦȻҪǰȥ
ġ
Ǽ˵ãǸ˵ֱӵһҡ
˵С񲻺ãŻľ棬ôÿζСҪǼŵʱ򣬼еĳˣ
Сˮ˵Ǽ˷ͷҪˡ
˵ʲôСҲˣֲãˣйһԼķݶϣǵǲԸС檡
ЩѪԵ˼ңܴӦֻƵ£СȻҲǲԸġ
׼ûɣ˳СҲ
˻֮ȻС㣬˶Ůӿ̱
رǼ˻˵С񲻺ã̿׳֮ĻСǳ׻ˡ
Ƿڼҵۺѫ˼ңҪŵһЩһңҲδҵɾ
ƫƫɹְʵȨС㻹ֻɵֶŮŮ±ʱü
ڼ䣬вŵзסˣǿԽŵ檡˵Ƽ˵ףͼСΪ檡
СǸԵģֱӷųݻɽͷӣҲΪ檡
ֱӽЩ˸ȥ
Ȼⷬǵõ˲˵ĳޣȻЩȴûиСκʵϵĺô
ӱ׵ڣȥˣС㶼ûҵʵ˼ҡ
ΪǰδеıɣҲΪЩ˵޳ܡ
̶ʱ䣬λСֻ֪绨ѩµĹǧ𣬱˻ֽǣ˵һӡ
´ؾüŮǵ޲ҵҲһ¥
ǰãСǸĻ»ǰδ򣬲Ϊ²ͷ˾ְ
飬Ҳһ𣬳һٸʵĹ䡣

˲֪飬ֻСǰδƽӹ¸ˡ
ֹϾͲѿбȴٲСƲ
һںԺĹŮӣȴܹͨıǰơ
ȻСǰδְߵԵڣҲֳСԼˡ
ڹΪ˺׼Щ֮УС˵ѶԸһ
ƫƫ˺úɲɣֱѡС㡭
Ҫ֪ĺԺɲʲô徻ĵط
Ȳ˵Ժղգ£˵˺һҵʮ꣬ѾһʺͿˡ
ỹһؼʱ̲װƣƫ̫̫ܵڣԵּˡ
ƫƫСΪľ۾಻һɳӡ
СţҪ룬ܲ³жĺԺԺǸʲô
˺ܹ뵽ѡһҶѣֱӸôһӣ
ǿСϣԽԽ⣬С˵ҲǼΪ֪ͬʱ赡
ſţ˺Ѿ뵽С㻨ǰ£ٰüɪĳˡ
ʱ򣬹ʱڣ
ǱȽλСˣ
ȣȣаɡ
˺õؿǿص˵ͷȻЦ⣬ȴôҲڲزסġ
Ҳȥ
Ȼ׾ÿԣһôȥ˺ˡ
ô˺üͷ΢΢壬Щס
ȻȷҪһңôż㶨ƺҲЩִˡ
ҲˣС겻СƼҽҲż˲٣֪ѾҪȥˣôץһЩ¾ˡ
֪
ǸʲôӣȻ֪ʲôӦֱóһʼ׼õ˵ǣ
Ȣޣ檣һ˵ҲҪС꣬ǸײץһЩλҲҪſպĻڣ׻һЩĺá
һ⻰˺Ҳ˲ϲִٲִٵˣæͷ
Ȼˣ±㽻ȥˡ
ǣס
һԵĹɾ͵Ź˺仰أֱӽӦ
Ҳûи˺÷ڵĻᣬֱӽСǷݻ¾֮Ťͷ뿪˴һ֪ȥұȥˡ
ûи̫̫˷Ļᣬ˺Ȣ޵±
˺ö˻֮󣬹λŵĿҲǴˣټϹҲΪ˺ý뿪˺ûӦ˵˼
򵥵˵˼仰֮󣬹׼뿪ˡ
˺ñ;¾һ˵Ҫ뿪Ȼæر㽫˸ͳ˺
үڿʲô
ĺõϻԼ˱裬̧۱㿴¾µؿģüͷ΢΢
˵ͬʱҲ˳¾Ҳһ衣
Ŀӣ¾˳ֽӹеĲ豭ЦЦ
Ȼڿˣû뵽˽ж
˺ûѡϵʱ򣬹¾˵˺öС㡣
ʱ¾ֻڲ²⣬һû뵽ù׼ˡ
Ǹ¾һԴ
ȻСϣΪ˸׵ϲãɫ޸Ĺġ
̫˽˺ϲʲôŮˣҪúÿҪˮû飬ǡɣЩС㶼㡣

ԼЦģ¾ͻȻ뵽ǰо;һֻСꡣ
ֻСˣÿøֵַµЩʿƭʳ
ÿƭʳֻ֮С鲻ԶλãԼƭʳԼë׵Ĵβͣ۵Ľ
ǵֺ̬Сģ˿ű̲סҪȥһѡ
ֻСƻˣ֣תܸûӰ
ֻһë׵βͼ⣬ֱ
вʿΪСⷬٶְֺޡ
ֱ´ټֻһҪץٰƤëô⡣
Ȼȵ´ٿСʱʿԼ˵ĺݻƵġ
᲻ö֣ٴαСģƭĸԸͳʳ
ʱ¾ȻʿЩϾʱֲ⣬ҲͬЩֻϲ
ڣŹʱģ¾ƺЩЩʿǵʱ̬ˡ
Сֺ̬ģȷĽ
ԺҪˣ˿֪ʱ¾ʲô뵽С㣬ЦϧˣҼš
˵ſϧĻȻУȴ˿ûпϧ˼ϸôһ˿ֻ
Ϊĺβ͹ԣ¾ûסҪŪһ
ôͿ϶СҲԸأ
ȻϷ˹˺õǰɷѿù˺ѡС㣬ȻǲСǱ߳ʲôӡ
СߣҲв˶Ůӵƫ̡
СƼ£ƼŮн٣ڼƼҲλĹ㡣
Сٳٲ󣬶λĻҲ
谭
Թո˵СżŵҪͱ׼Ҳʵ
СѾбƵÿʼӴƶũ˼ҵԼͬ˺ɥδȢˡ
ȣ˺úԺȻģҲмΪԵŵ㡣
һǹ˺õݡ
жȻû䣬ôﶤԵѰռȣжҲѫ
̫̫ȻϲȴãƲʲôСһűֱƼҡ
ǳжԺ˿ڼ򵥡
ھҲֻй˺һС㲻岮֮Щ¡
һ㣬ҲҪһ㣬ǱǹС𾴡
˵һ޷ĻС˺֮Ժ˺һСǰ档
ʱСﵽܹʲôӣɶҪºүɫ
Ϊж˳ļ̳ˣԺȻܳо
ǹܹԸŵȻСеĹǡ
ùȥˣҲΪһԵʡ
ֻҪС㹻һⷬٶ㺬塣
ὫСΪ˺üҵĵһѡҲǡΪ㹻
ӣ˿ỳСѡ
ҾСнȻ෴Ļش𣬹Ҳ㹻ţܹơԣȰ˵Сı⡣
¾ʱ鲻û˿ǣë׵ĴβͷƵظˣ
һүͲصˣҿɴûаյ¡
¾ͿŹͬСһģĽһ˵üɫģջûס֡
ϱӻⱲӣ⻹ǵһڹͷ
ϱ
ӹĸĸǽΪˡ
ȻԹİûһֲˮҲӵͷܵľٶ
˺ĵλԽԽߣȻҲ˴Դ⡣
ڣͬһóģΨһһйùӻʱ
͵ر¾ԴֱΪİĴ㶣˲һ˿㵵ı顣
ķӦ¾У˶ⷬٶĿܡ
ʱ¾ڹԴϵҲ˽
¾촽΢΢׼ջʱ򣬱Լ֮£Ǹë׵Դ΢΢Ȼ󡭡
ͷ¾˲䡣


26 
ȻΪ»Ե, ¾ҪϳƽҪĹȴû˿١
ԭվΪ밲˲ʱ䣬Źһ, ЩûüĹ±ˡ
Ϊ˱ԽԽ࣬ص֮, ¾Ȼܶൢ, ֱӱתȥ鷿
Ȼ鷿º¾ȴ֣һǿ, ƺ⡣
ҪҪģȻ˰, ûܿдʲô
ò׽ϵݿ̧꣬׼ñעʱ, ¾ڿԼʱ, ֲЩ
ƺŸոԴʱǹִЩϸ޵ĴС
ǰƺֳָ˹鿴ʱ, ˫·ܹװǿյ˫ۣԼЦ뻶ϲ
һ, ǿָ˰Ŷڷн, Щͷԡ
ֹһҲǸ¾ߵĽ, ֻ˵ķֹвͬ
ֹ, ¾Щ, Ҫǰ¾Ĺ
º, ½ΪϸģҪǸ¾ڵĸ
һ˽һļ̌ʱ򣬹̲סˣ
, ʲô
µĻЩү͹ġ
ָͣ˵ĶŤͷԹ鹰˹ֱ֣Ӹ˹𰸡
ү͹ģɻһѾŽڵӣЩʲô
ʻͬʱֱеһӡ
֮󣬱㿴һ鱾ģĶ
Ҳû룬һ˷֮󣬹㷢֣
˱
ʴʱҲʱڣ˹϶Ļش
£Щǽү֮󣬸е˱
ү˱ʲôüͷ΢΢ַеǱ˲ᡣ
ү˵ȻѾԺеĴС˶Ӧʹ˼ڵĲҲӦý
ʵͷظ¾˵Ļ
˵֮¹룬䣺
ЩԭӦǰձ㽻ֻЩ˲ΪŲ΢Щ𣬲õǰۣ޸죬¡
ʻ˵ĺܺʵʻǹ鶼ֻ֪ϵ˵ǡ
ʵԭ¾һʼûд㽫鵱ԴЩȻҲͲύ
ֻǺ˵Ĺϵ˱仯ʱıˡ
Ѱˣ뵽ЩʱЩ٣ȴһ
ǵûκβãΪǲ
¾ʼôģǼȻԸ˽ЩѾ֤̬ȡ
ڵļӣЦЦ
֪ˣ˱֮⣬үô
УֹûΪ˱˶Ҳ΢΢һɣ㽫еһн˹Уү½Ҳһͬ
ʲôеǱ˲ᣬн˹С
ⷿԿԼƣ˽ӡСɻعɣҪԿױԴ򿪡
ʻػͬʱֽ˻ʾһ߿ַ󣬲Ž
С
ⷿԿҲң΢΢ü
ǣʵͷӦ𣬡ү˵ⷿﶫȨ
˵ոָ˵Ļ⻰ݸ˱Ѿ߷֣
֪ˡ
ǹ̰Ľ¾ЩΪһӣԸ⽫Ȩӱܣĺ塣
ԺʲôҪ߲˽ĵطԷԸ£ʽж󣬲ѯʣʲôҪô
Щ˲ֱӷԷҲӣ㿴ŰԺʰһ鷿ɡ
Ȼʶ˵ˣȻҲ
ǡҴӺҲЩһŽȥ
˭֪ѰҪȴʵıΪ
ż޽̶̼죬ǰΪԵһֱûгţȻҲͶԺڵĹ첻
¾һӱȽ϶ҲΪϲˡ
ƽرԸе˶ôƤ¾Է
ҲΪˣԺ֮Уڹ¾˯⣬Ҳֻʣһ鷿һҡ
˵Ҫһ䵥鷿Ϊѡ
Ϊ¾˵鷿ǻңŲá
뵽¾Ҫ󡱵Ҳֱһڻؾ
Ҫѯʹү֮󣬲ܸ𸴡
Ȼ鲻֪һ鷿ѣΪʲôԼҲСȥΪֻİ˰֣
Уȥɡ
̬Ҳ˿΢΢˹֣ӷ
ȥ
뿪ķ㲻ѿӦȥ鷿¾ˡ
뿪֮󣬹һԵֳ֮һ˲ĵطš
ûҳȻ뵽˽ٻ֮ʱһ̸
ʱ¾˵ȥԺӿܿǸֵ˵˽ʱ䡣
ҲǡЩҪ鵥˵ȻҲͲƴ¾ĺ⡣
Ѿ˷֮ʵģȻѾ˴𰸣ֵܶʱ򣬹̲סٴܵȷϴ𰸡
ţûġ鲻Ťӣ˾ˣǴ󷽵سˡ
㿼ǹԺôʱɫЩѿ
ƺҪ𣬵Щ᲻ãֻǿѹеŭ
Ժ󣿴ָһ棿ûвеŭֻЦѯʡ
ǶȲǣ㿼ǹԵµݣԺڲֻһôΪӲԺ˽ţԴ
Щ䣬˵ɫߣɫ˥ڡ
Ź׵ܵܣ׻ǽ˵Ļ˻ȥ
ɾǻ˵ί⻰еĺͬһ˼
Դɲǡ
ȻȴǣЦЦ
Ȳ˵᲻ᷢǵ£ǷˣҲͬĺԺ¡
ʲô˼ȫû뵽õĻشһʱûܸϡ
˼Ǿұݡд˵ôһ죬ߵԶܻʺҵĵطոҲ˵ˣӡһ㲢
ΪҼ޸үκθı䡣
Ȼ˵һʱЦ⵭ȻҲʮƽȴܹеļᶨ档
ŹʱԼ񣬹ŷ֣ڵĹѾǸ²Ǻֻ֪һζӱܵģˡ
ڵĹ飬Լÿһ£ҲǹĺҪκζĵǡ
Ȼʶһ󣬹кǴܣҲͬһֱǣ
Ȼұˡ
˵Ļ飬ȴҲʵ뷨
һһʮˣһڶ֮ǰѾǹе⡣
ϲ¾Ȼлһ𣬹㲻Ź
Ϊа¾һ󣬱ץס˵ġ
浽˹˵ôһ죬ûеõ¾ģôѡ뿪
ִԼ鱾˵ĽעԸ˹
ҲΪѡ˴Ʒ¾£Ӵ¾
Ӻأ鰮ͬҲܹĺܺá
ϱһӶûӵй飬Ҳͬӵ⽣ӰԼɱһѪ·Լҵ۹
ֻȨᣬ浽ôһ죬ҪҲһ׵£ҲҪ㡭
ڹ˼֮ʱȥʴ˼

ţ°ͣʾֱ˵
үˣЩڱ˹᣿
֪ΪΣ˵⻰ʱЩŹ֡
Ȼ֪ΪλⶼڹĿǷΧ֮
ڣ
ɡ
Źͷ߽˼Сˣող̧ڵļļ̌˳ȥ
ǡҲ뿴¾ŵ鷿ʲôλãһ˳ȥ
Ŀĵ֮󣬹ͻȻΪθոʵôŹˡ
¾ȻԼ鷿һ


27 
¾ʲôݣ
鷿֮, жٻܣжҪļ
¾ԺҲ޷̤㣬鷿֮, ĸɽ롣
ڣ¾ȴ޽ٵؽԼ鷿һ
ǹ, Ҳ¾һҲʮ⡣
ֻǿŴʱ鷿н, 鵽׻ǽеɻѹȥ
еһֵ̳ģѸ٣нֹ
һĹ, Щ˾Ѿһطʰ˳
Щ˱˹ȡλãӳжЩ, Ҳһһ˲Զ֮ϡ
ʰ󣬻ǿ˹л¾̸, Ҳû鷿о, ֱӴ뿪ˡ
˵ʲô¾ȻҲע⵽˹ֹı顣
鷿һң𣿡鿪żɽ, ֱʳеɻ
ʲô⣿¾̧һ۲Զһ, оͦ˳۵ġ
鷿, Ӧвٻܰɣ黺ߵ¾ԣЦЦ, үͲ͵֮й¶ȥ
㲻ᡣ¾ջĿ, վԼǰЦĹ, ƶ
Ȼദʱ䲻, ¾ΪǸῴ˵ģ̹
񵱳ȥж׵ʱ, ûιԳϲ
ʱ򣬹Ҳûȥ롣
ˣҪȥȡܡ
˵ǲȥ룬˵ǲм
ò˵¾ƶԼеΣȷȡõ˹
顣
ЦݸȻ˵ʲô¾һ仰
Ȼ룬Ҳܿһԡ
Ǿյǿ
˵ǰ仰ǶԹΪ˵Σôİ仰ǶԼš
ʹ¾ǿۣ鲢̹¾ҲܹеԼʧĺ
鿴Ŵʱ¾飬Цһ
ô죬Һϲүˣ
˵ıʱĽǿرͼΪǿˣϲǿߡ
¾չֳģȫ˹ˡ
ȣ¾Ӻϲߡ
¾ûиӦֻΧոȣ˲١
˽¾ԸҲûд¾ĻӦת˵һ£
ү
ţ¾̧ۣʾлֱ˵
ʽЩ˲ύҵʱ˵ԺԺ¶ȫȨûɣ
ոյȣڹ࣬ϱӸڹߵЩˣ֪Ҫ˵ˡ
û¾ͷ˹϶Ļش
ʲôҪĵĵط鿴¾Щò׼⡣
¾Ҳ룬˴𰸡
˲üٴѯʡ
á¾ٴθոͬĴ𰸡
Ȼү˵ˣұˡ
¾̬ȣص˵ͷ
ÿ¶Լһ׷ȻҲС
¾ϽȨ˽ȴ
谭ôƼ֮ȨҪҲա
Ȼ¾ԸȫȨ֣Ҳ¾һĺԺ
ţתߵԼ֮ǰ˷һԵ˲ᣬʼ淭
Ѿǰʼ£¾ȴûеһʱ佫Լעڹ֮ϣڹ۲Źľٶ
Ȼڹѯʵʱ¾Ĵ𰸺ƶ
Ǿ˶Թֹۣĵ飬ӦòóЩ
¾֮ԸȨһԼ̬ȣҲøе׹ڸеĵλ
ڽЩ񽻸ͬʱ¾ҲԸʣʲô׵ĵطġ
ҪѧϰϤĽ̵ɲ˽
Լ鷳Ǹ˱ͬǰһÿ㱨һαɡ
ڹľٶȴȫ¾֪
ֻ֮󣬱ֱ˱
鷭˱ٶȺܿ죬ٱ¾ӡУֵµ˷˲ٶȻҪһЩ
ⷬٶ¾ỳװģ
ıַǳܹ档
ˣڷͬʱ黹óһֽֽϼ¼ʲô
ȻΪԭ¾ֽܿϼ¼ʲôȴҲܹ²³ӦǸոչ˵ĸĶ
ΪģȾ¾ĬĬעһ֮¾ҲջԼߣעԼеĹ֮ϡ
һΣ¾ûٳֹոտŹİȴ֪ƵˣЧոȣѸࡣ
鷿һߣҲͬ¾߷˲ᣬ¼Ҫĵĵط
ʵҪ˵Щ˲ʵûκ⡣
ΪϵԵʣûгĿÿһǮȥļء
ЩڹУȴɲ
Ϊʱ룬ʹΪ򵥵ĵʽ˷ļ˷Ȼ׶ĿΪ׳ӡ
ҪֽҲԱȽס
ļ˷ڻѾˡ
Ҳϰ˽ΪӣǶĿҲΪܹ¼ʷĿĸʽ˷
ԹҪĵһı䣬Ҫ̻е˷ѧḴʽ˷ܹԺõ˲֮С
ڶ㣬֮ϡ
ǰǰȥ밲ʱ򣬹Ѿˡ
Ȼڻʷϵκһͬʱ뻪ĵʷûκظ뻪ģȴвͬĵط
˻ʹ֮⣬б֡
õ֣뻪ʷϵķֲ޶졣
˲֮ϣʹõͬһġĻĿеСд֡
Сд֣ڷϣȲϰ֣ڰȫϣҲȲϴдġҼ
ԹҪĵڶ£ǽ̻˷ʹðԼд֡
⣬黹˲֮з˺ܶ࣬Ҳһһ¼׼ȵ˲ῴ֮һȥ
ʸոհᶯ˲ʱͶľӱܹ¾ʱȻ˲ʵ㲻١
Թһ
ϻƳϣҲûܽ˲ᶼ
չϱӵԸеû֮ǰǾԲѡȻȥϢ
ڣҲԼһϰߡ
벻ǻģӲֹ֧ҹս
ӲȻָ
ʹ¾Ѿϵȵ򣬷֮лǶ˼ҹ顣
Ѿϰ˸ƵĹ˵Щ
Ȼ˲ϵëֲСù鿴ѣȴҲЩ

Ȼָ¾ˡ
Ч֮¾û̫ʱ䣬ѾԼеĹ
ԭŹģ¾ţֻȹʱˣԼ¡
˭֪һȣֱӵȵҹ
Խ֮¾ʲôʱܹ
˵һֱֵʮϲĹġ
ڿȣҪȽʣµС뱾˲ῴʱ¾̲סˡ
ֱǰ˲ӹг˳һԣ
ʱϢˡ
Ȼ󽫹ϰӵ뱧شԷȥ
ҲȰʣС뱾ɣ䲻ϴЩ¡
һ֮ǰҲô˵ġ¾Ҳ㷴
һ֮ǰ黹ڿһ˲ᣬ˵ǿǱϢ
˭֪;ֹ¾㱨µĹ򣬹ѾǱ˲ῴ꣬óһµķ
ⲻǼæ𣿡ԱЩ顣
Ѿæˡ¾Ҳ˹һ䡣
Ҳֻʣ¡
ʣµǰ뱾ᣬЩǷǷġ
쾫¾ûеȹ齫ʣµİ仰˵ֱ꣬Ӷסİ仰
ȷ
֪Ϊʲôֱش˵ڡ
ʵֱ֤ȷǳ׼ȷ
ûи𰸣¾ɰҵܹѸķ
ϣͣ˼Ժһγ


28 
˶յľ, ǹ黹¾Ѿǳѧˡ
ټ¾רʹܴע뱣һιᵽϱ˿֡µĿ֡
Ϊѵõ, ǵ˵ڶ죬ܹж, ûгϴ²Ҳܶĵز
Ȼûд, ùź󣬹һκ¾һ𣬵鷿ʼʣµһЩ˲ᡣ
Ϊʣµ˲ᲢԵ, ʱ㽫ʣµ˲ᶼһ顣

һ˲, ̲סһ, ڲԶ¾
ү
ţ¾еĹ, ڲԶĹ顣
˭֪һ̧ۣ㿴ԼϷʵģ
¾˼Ϊʲô¶ʱ, Թĵ٩
ҽ֪ԭүô󷽣
˵Ļ, Ȼûԭ
ڿ˲֮, ʱĹ˵ǶĲ״ָơ
ӸȥжƸ˵ǼֵҲΪ, н, 䱦, һӦȫ
ڿƸӵʱ, 黹ֹ
û뵽Ȼս⣬ȴҲӪе㸻С
ڿ˱֮, ŷ֣ʵ״Ĳ˵ȥԶ
ʱʵҲһٷٵĿտǣȥжƸ񣬼ѾռȥдҲơ
ȻЩƸѾһ𣬳˼ױùһ̧ͬ
ĹУױӵ˽˲Ʋӱó
ҵȨ˽Զá
Ҳ˵еĲƲһ𣬿»ױ֮һ
¾ԸôһƸ񣬿ɲǴô
Ƹ׼ģûйʣ¾һһԣѾ鷭˵˲ᣬʱ⻰ĺ壬ң񲻿ɷϡ
Ƹȷ񣬵ŵҲø¾Ŀģȫǰջͱ׼׼Щ١
һɵͬʺú˵˵¾Ļش𲢲е⣬ֻЦЦҲˣ˿ɵСһЩ
⵹ǲأһܼҹģ¾žΪȤˡ
¾Ͷ֮²ԣһ뵽Щǧһɪɪۿģ¾᲻Ȥ
һǸʴͻ飬¾ῼȥȢ¡
С˴󷽡£Ͳᷢ
ҿɰү⻰ˣ¾к壬㶣ӦֱӶ¾˫ۣүԺɱĺá
ȻϹ¾ҲһĨ棬˳ŵ
¾Ǹ˵㻰ˣ֪һ㣬еƲסЦ⣬ǸƲס
¾ȻΪʲôΪһѰ˸ˣڿЦģҲһ˿á
ͬ¾˵Ƹ£ֱӽоٵ̡
ֱʽ˷˹
֪СǹΪ£Ϊ͵õʵ㣬
Թʱ򣬼λ˷̬ȶܹĿʲô⣿
λؽţ⼸˵̬Ⱥ⣬ЦЦȸ˼һŶ裬ĿҶѾˣûκ⣬Կλʵϵˡ
Ļλ˷ʵһ
Ҫ֪˷ɲر˷ǲ
˭֪಻ɳӣǲģǾǲҲõһƤ
ȻƽûйСܹõһͣҲһ˸˵¡
Ҳһϲθڵˣ󣬱ֱ˵ԼĿģ
սλֻҾüλļ˷ƣĽһ
˷һۣΪ곤Ǹ鹰˹֣ѯʣ
֪ʲôطƣҪСθƣ
ʻʱ˷ǹ̵ı飬ûΪڴǸʲôҲĲݰ¶κβм
θǲҪģѾоٳˣķǡ
ֱ㽫Ѿõļ¼Ÿʽ˷ֽŵݸԼǸ˷С
˷ӹнӹֽ֮鹰˹֣תͬһֽͬϵݡ
֣һۿֽϵʱ˷̲ס̾һ
һ֣˵裬Ʈдһ˿ѣƺִһ˿
ѵõǣ鷨ҵķͬԳһ壬Ҳ֪ǲǼ䱾˵ĸ⡣
һ壬ζһ
⣬еĲݰܹдĳġ
ڿ˷ԭʮ棬ʱҲʮ֡
˷ֻ̾豭һڣû˵
Ҫ֪һǰʮ꣬ġ鱻˳Ϊµһ顱ġͤ򡷡
鷨ʦ鷨̩ɽ˵һм֮ķǣȻҲ˷һޡ
ܹ˷ˣ϶м汾¡
һ⸴ʽ˷ϸһẖ̂ᵽе
һдİԼд֣ϸϸĥһ󣬸ᵽкô
̲ס̾
ķʵ
˶ʮ꣬δ˾ķ
֮̾ҲԼò̫׵ĵط
ǲ֪桮ƽ⡯νͣ
ʲָ⸺ծָ
ԶԶԣĩ

ʽ˷˷õĵʽ˷Ҫࡣ
ʹЩ˼ʮ˷Ķ֮Ҳвٲĵط
޹ֻ֮תѰĽ
Ȼܹóһ׼˷Ȼ̵⡣
ŷǵ⣬ֱǳؽ˵ɻüλ˷ͷʱʱ˻Ȼر顣
ɻʲô׵ĵطλ˷ɻ󣬹ֽʽ˷ͳ˵һѯʡ
ʱûˣʣµҪСһܷ֡
һµļ˷˷Ҳҽ˵

Ļش𲢲⣺
ȻǿҪ鷳λ˲ᣬøʽ˵ķܳһ顣
ҪڵѣʵҲԼĿ
һΪ˷ͳһԺҪҲ㡣
Ϊüλ˷Ϥʽ˷Լֺʹд֣Ժá
ϾһĿһ飬ܹҪһЩ
ǣСס˷ҲùڿѣҲӦ
û±㽫Щ˲ȥ°ɡͷʾ˷ˡ
ȻҪ󣬴ӽſʼԹ鹧˷ȴûеһʱء
ڹ˼λ˷Ҫʲôʱ򣬱΢΢˶֮󣬱㹧һ
лΪСǴ󡣡
ʽ˷ô࣬ȴһҲ˽ؽ̸ˣΪʲôֵüλ˷ⷬ
֪Щö㲻Ը⴫ӣȵؽ
ֻҪԺúΪ£Ҳ㹼ҽս˷̸λ
ǣ˷Ҳ˱֤
Ǳ˷ʹ鲻⸴ʽ˷ǣҲҪúΪµġ
ѧµļ˷˷شǰ˲뿪鷿͵Żȥúýոѧ֪ʶõʵ֮С
үʲô˷뿪󣬹תͷӸո˷ǽ⸴ʽ˷ʱһֱע¾
ʽ˷
¾ܹսõйʿŷɥȻı֮ͽ
ȣ¾ͷԷ
ڣ¾ֻԱһĽ⣬ܹ
˷
ǲҲõĵط
磿üͷ΢
˵ӵ档¾Ҳش
ʽ˷ĺôˡ
ܹÿһǮʲôطõʲôطȥôãĻж٣¼һ
ܹõӵ֮У˭С˼Сһۿе쳣
ȻҲǿԵģû뵽¾ôһ˴𰸣ƷҲԼϸĿ¼үҪһд㡣
Ǳˡ¾Ҳ˵ͷһûв˼ģ
һ壬Լķ˰Լ⣬õŲ˼
¾̬ȣҲã죬׼˵ʲô㱻ˡ
ү
ûоԽ鷿ֻſ˵
ɾҲеίߡ
ôˣı֣һʱѯʵͬʱʾŻػ
ǹĵ죬ðѺעڶľǮƽձȥֱӶһˡ
һ磬ź֮󣬱ֱӳȥǮȥˡ
˭֪˶ķ֮ׯȴ˵ʲôҲԸǮ
ֱӰѰߵƾ֤ʬ𼣡
ǰŽ̫ر˸ۣܻܲص˵
һ뵽ڶķܵί̱״
ˣǮūţ


29 
߽, ſʱϻһЩϸ˿ڡ
©·;Щ಻˵ЩϸСĻۡ
, һ֪ɲǶķˣô򵥣
ϸͷβ۲һ󣬹еЦʱɢ, Ҳ
ô£
ūȥҪǮ, ǿʼ˵̫һʱòūȥ, ַڣ˵ǿԾһ, ҪūȥԺǴǮ
ūſ˶࣬һ, к, ҽȥ˵ūžſڵ, ǰƱֱ֮øūžͺá
˭֪ǼūŲԸߣ뽫ūǿȥ, ūŷӦ, үڶūˣ
һʻί
㽫ոշ˵һ顣
˵֮, Ŵӻͳһ΢Щƾ֤, ֵݵ˹ǰ
ү, ūû, Ҫô죿
ðȥѺעʱǽеȫ˳
йСǰʣµһЩбǹЩױ
ܼһϼƾ
նķһʮ, ڹ黹ţķӦøһʮ
ȥһɵѣķӦ⸶һٶʮһǧ
룬һӱ㹻һ֮ͨһĻ
һٶʮׯμʹǼǵĶͽעҲûõôʽע롣
Թһ£ҪׯķҪ
˴ׯҪҲʲô¡
鲻һϲ
ɱˣׯԸụ́ͬҲǲԸһЩ
ׯʲô˵ֱӲ
űݵǰƾ֤Цһ
ʲôô죿ȻǰǮó
ǡ
ȥķǮûõһȻҲҪǮû
һ뵽ķ̬ȣܹǮûĿ΢΢
ʲô˰һ԰ɴûаյ£
ڼᶨеĽʱ㱻˲١
ڰв²Լүʲôֵʱ
㿴Լүƾ֤ǵп˿ֱӱתֵݸڲԶ¡
ү
齫ƾ֤¾к󣬸һǸö
ովΪ˼¾Ҳڣ˵Щɲֻ꣬δᡰġ֡
¾һҲֻ˸ţָ֪ľʲô¡
ڵ̬ȣ¾Ϊǹ鲻֪Ҹ뿪ͶԼ̡
ڼ˴󷽵ģ¾֪ոԼˡ
Ȼû˼¾ȻҲҪӣ־ͽƾ֤˹
ͷƾ֤ϵݺ¾ףΪΰոջⷬڵ̬ˡ
ľ֣¾ʵš
ڴǰһգ尻ΪԹ
˵ǾеЩ飬һҲ˽
˵ҪǸֲ´ĶķһˣЩ˲Һڮ
Σ¾Ҳû뵽ȻҲУѺôһǮȥ
ƾ֤ϵѺעʱ䣬ȥ֮ǰҲ
˵ǸʱĹ飬Ӧû֪ʲôӡ
뵽¾ĺ̲ס˲
ѺôһǮȥͲ¿
ʲô¾һĪ񣬡Ƕˣҿ϶Ѿˣ˶ѾˣǮƿʲôϵҡ
ʲô¾ʶһ䡣
Ȿһ׬ЦЦҲػش
ôͿ϶һ׬⣿¾Ҳ֪Լʲô̬ʳ仰ģֻ֪ӹ𰸡
ΪүͲɱ֮ˣ˶˵үбʣүһ£
鸧˸°ͣƽ˵ʲôһȻ󣬹ûе¾ڣԹԵػشˣ
ûУŲ֪ûУҲ֪ǲһҲ˵ֻ֪˵ү塣
ԵĲ˵ү紫˵ǰ㣬ľôö֮ھ˸Ƿꣿ
ִŲŲĹС㶼֪˾дĶľ֣֪ľֵľݡ
ɼľھд㡣
ɲţ¾ĶĿûйػ
¾Ȼ֪Ķľִڣȴʲô¶ûⲻõ֤ʲô
վһԣΪ齫ƾ֤ݸµľٶ˸İʱҲΪⷬ㶣
ûҲ벻µʲô캦£ֻ֪Ƶ˵²п顣
ϸЩԼүеı֡
ǰǴСүߵˣҲò˵ЩʱԼүЩʱЩ֡
үȴһֱүݡ
ڰϸⷬ
ʱ¾ٴ鷿
ڽƾ֤豾룿
¾еЦⲻʱ£ǲ
֪鲢ŷЩԼĴţ֪׶ĸоǲһġ
ѹ˶˵֪¾ãܵͬһλ˽Լֺ֪γһ£
Գɻ¾һЩлݵǰøʽָЩˡ
ȻүȥǮҪֱ׳˵ԼҪ󣬡ү˵ʲô¡
ϱӵĵһͰڶľ׬ġ
ִƹ˼ңĩ֮ǰҲĶĳ֮пĳ
Ȼκ˶װЩľ֮µ
Ҫ֪ڶĳжӮǮɲ㱾£ܹȫؽǮĳǲ㱾¡
Ȼһʼ֪һ׬˸ߵѺȥôһǮȻҲҪôǮû
ⲻһ˵ǮòҲԼĵơ
Ǯ˼Сȥû»ЩѣҪûɾһ׾ٵˡ
Ȼ¾ѾԼֻծ
ڿԼ¶ͬСһСģʱ̲סҪŪһ
ôȷһȥҪծ
ǲȷģȴȷˡ
֮ǰ黹ûʲôգڽ֮Ŵ΢΢˹
ܵõǮүͬûǮû֮Ըүˡ

ڿ˲֪֮ˣʱ¾㲻Ǯ
˵ǮҲˣ˵ǼΪƶ
Ͼ¾ԼͬʱԼԼһС־ӡ
ӿǸǮľޡ
ǰ̴򻹺ЩϾڴʤܹܴ֮ӵ˵ĵѹһЩǮƳ
Ϊ¾⣬Ĵ󲿷ֽʿ
û˴ʤ֮Ķ룬Ǿֻܳϱˡ
ƫƫΪսһֱڿ״̬
¾ٲЩ취꣬ӾҪʼսˡ
Ҫʱһ콵ơ
ò˵ȷһͨ͸ˣ˱ѣֱӽ¾˼˸߰˰ˡ
ԭֻҪ˵û¾֮󣬵ȷǳɳܵĶˡ
ͷ˿ƾ֤ϵġĸ֣һһʮʡ
зɿؼһ¾վ
ү¾ľٶʶһ
Ȼ󣬹¾ͳҼᶨɤ
ߣȥǮ


30 
, ֶķ
ϴСİ²Сˣ
Ī˾Ÿոշ, ⻹϶ķ֮󣬵һʧ֡
, вһ, ۾СĪĻ󣬲ŷָͣ
ô£
˱ڳֶķĵˣû֪ʲô, ֵֻ֪µ˽Զү
СӻĺܣԸǽ, ʱſڿֵ˲٣СҲ̫, һĹ, ˡ
˵ոշ£Īǰա
εĶ̲С, ⾩һ˶˴֣עµȻ١
Ǹעʱ, в˿ˡ
Ķע, ۷ŵʲôĶľ棬㹻˵Ŀˡ
ͽǵ˲෹ЦϽֵ˺ü졣
ҷֹ黹ŵʱ, ᵽǸһѺע˾ˡ
ڽ֮ǰ, ֶķſھѾվ˲ֵˡ
ķ˽µЩ, ײõ
ô࿴ֵ˵, ֶķ϶˵Ľ𲻸ֻԺķô⣿
ĪҲֻ취뵽ҿĵط㡣
ϹĪҲҹǿӲ, ֮£ðܵˡ
ƾ֤أû𣿡Զүһʲô
ûûСĪͷ˵ͣȫȥԶүڵı顣
ʱԶү˫ۣվڰԼǰĪ
ԶүĿ
ĪͷٴҲҴһ
Զүһ󣬲ſڣ
ʲôô
ѺעǸ˲ˣһͨũ˵˸ʮæѺע
Īܹæڣ
ڽǮСѾȥˣһʱн
ãõȷеĻشԶүһɻϣ֪֮ô˰ɣ
ȻԶүû˵ֻҪڳֶķһʱ䣬֪⻰ʲô˼
޷Ǿ
һҵ֮ƾ֤ûʲôҲûҺôҺá
˲ʶֱ࣬һݣֱӽԴͷϽ⡣
£ǳֶķĪû
һԶү⻰Ī֪ԼĻᣬҲ룬ֱӦ
С֪Զүġ
ĪԶүһģ£ܹԶүĵģһΣȻҲ⡣
Զү±۾еķ飬ĵİ˰֣
ˣȥɡ
ǣĪͷӦ󣬱׼ӵվ뿪
˭֪Īʹһ󾪻ʧ
үܹ£˳ˣ
һĪбһ¡⡱ʶ̧ͷȻԶүõ顣
ƫƫ˶Դ˺޲˿٣ֱֿʼš
ѡ
үܹ£ˣ
ʲô£
Īڸ
ү֮ǰת˷ţʲôҪ£
աոֻˣ
˿ɲĪʲôæǰ¸㱨˳
˾ͻˣֱӰץˣ
Īȫ֪һͽѣֵµ˵ڻʲô
ǣĪץֱӰŵһ£æҡͷǣСˣ
˵ʲô
˵ʲô
ʱͬ
˳һȥִܷӸոտʼһֱֵؽΪյԶү֪ʲôʱѾվ
˵˭
Զүߵ㱨ǰѯʡ
ǡСˡ
ΪԶүʱĿ׺ݣ˲ӣŵظһ顣
˻شСȴͬƽһףֱӽԶүĪһը˸ͷۻ
Ȼ˳ʵ˾˵һԶүĪӳܲ£
Ҳһˡ
⻰һԶүҲסϵıˣֻһתҲʼ
һֱעԶү̬ĪæǰһԶүµǰһ̽ס
ү
˺һԶү˵Ļѯʣ
Ķ
͡ǰӣش
ߣԶүһĪǿסΣȥǰ
˶Ѿķˣܿ϶ܲˣȥǰˣҲ
ǡĪҲ֪΢΢Զүǰȥ
˻ûǰ
Ѿ˶ķеĲͬѰ֮
Ҫ֪ⳤֶķھĶķƽ˵Уһʮʱûһͣġ
ȻڣߣֵǰУʱȴѻȸһ㶯
Ҳ֪ʱǰһʲô¡
ԶүĪڲһʱ򣬾֪ˣո˵Ŀ¶ġ
뵽ԶүĽŲ΢΢Щӿ졣
Ǵʱǰе£Զү˵ʲôҲǲõȵġ
߽ǰһ۱㿴ǰмĶһһӰ
԰һЩǸһֳ°ϣһָŶϵɸӺƾŵ˵ʲô
˵ʲô˼ĵطϵıЩüɫζ
ǸԸһЩģǲ԰һЩ˵ϵı͡
վһԣɪɪغ޲ýԼһŵԼҴ֡ׯԼͽ
ԶүĪܴĳƷһ˿ܰůڣ˵ֻĻš
ʱĹں¾˵ϸֶĲƷĻ
ǡɹ˵ɸӵʱ򣬱㱻һˣ
£
˳ķȥһ۱㿴˹ڲԶӰ
ͬʱҲע⵽ˣ˳ֵʱ򣬴ԶķĴԼɹٶ׷˿
ʱ˵˵ף
Զү
΢΢ƺһ˿Ц⣬͵ߣȴܹһ˿
еֵԶүʶ
˶
һүԶ½вǡ
ͣ
ǹ飬ʱҲûסЦ
Сӱһӣǰûٸźųֶķ
ⳤֶķĵԶүСȻǱȽϤġ
СӻЩ˽²²Զү׽ʲô֣Ϊʲôжүǲڼеڶ
˭֪ȻΪԶ
Ц֮󣬹еЩ˼
ϾԶүǽжүǶ˵Ҫ
ԶүӦѾ֪үĿˣ
֪֪
ԶүЩ࣬˵֪һ뵽һԿ£ʲôС˼Ҳˡ
֪ã¶һ˿Ц⣬Ὣƾ֤ó˶ϣֶķĵһķӦòԸĲ°ɣ
ǡᡣԶү˵ͷѡ
Զүʶ˵⼫ˣ΢΢Ϲ˹Ц⣺
ǲԹģС˵̫СѾһˣ˭֪ȴ˵ҽǮûȥⲻʵûʲô취ֻԼһˡ
ԶүҲ֪ү»ģʾûճһЩұֻܽүһˡ
ʱ򶯾һЩԶүӦǲİɣ
ⷬ򣬻лֱԶүøŭԡ
˵˻
ʲôճˣֻܽһ
ʲôһЩ
⶯
ֻһЩ
ԶүŹ˱˻ԵĻ޲ֱ˺˹죡
ȻЩ飬Զүֻ룬ɲòЦ
⡣
Զү⻰ұˣɲԶү˵⻰ʱжҧгݣȫǲ֪С˵ֶķѾȥǮˣ֪ڴյô˰
ѾˣүԵƬ̡
֪ʱԶү֪һٶʮǱסˡ
׼ȻڵѪҲȫ˵ڡ
ǹԶү⻰ʱкЩ⣺
֮ǰѾд¼ˡ
ξеĶ̵ĴСֶķҪһٶʮԼҪʮ
Ҫ֪ʲʽ𣬿ȫָͬ
㳤ֶķߣҪóôһҲһ׵¡
Ѿ˳ֶķծ׼
Զү⻰˼ֱܹó
ڹ黳Զү⻰ˮֵжٵʱ˽ݸԶүһС
ԶүнӹҲûһֱۣӵݵ˹ǰ
齫нӹԴ򿪿һۣȻڷŵһƱ
ֽеݸվʣʱʵĻ
үĿûƱġ
⻰۵׻һ˿ζ飺
ⳤֶķƺҲеô򵥣
ȻǮѾõ֣£ҲҪģ
ϰ
ȻǸԶŵˣǽүͲ߶ˡ
һ⻰Զү֪׼뿪ˣеһ
˭֪ûȫȥ˹һ仰
ԶүԺٿ˼Ķľ֣ɱ֪ͨһ
ۣ
ɱģĪˣ
˴Զү׻ûסһѪֱӴӿӿ
ǰһڣ㳹ʧȥʶ


31 
ص֮, ͽдֹ˻
Ʊóػص飬ÿһ, ϵЦݱȸոոӲһ֡
ȻϱӹӵйڸĲƸȴûһεǮ, һס
ʹǱǽֵسΪ˼ŵĵһͰ, ҲͬûС
ֻ֪˼Ȩ˵ĵһͰܵˣӶӮġ
ȴ֪߽ĳ, ڶ֮ǰ˽˶׼
ӶķиĲ淨Ĺ, ԼÿɹٵϰߣٵÿķԳÿͽķǮƵޡ
齫Щռһ, ䷳ط˽һ, ߽ĳʼ֡
˵ϱӮĵһͰڶϵˡ
˵ǹĳԼɹٵһβġ
һȴȫһһιͷβֻ¡
һȥѺע, ڶȥǮǮ׵ؾֱӴϵƵġ
ôܹù鲻˷ܣ
һνƱһ֮, ֱӳһ, ŵ¾ǰ
үһġ
ҪǮңŹˮľٶ, ¾üͷ΢΢
Ȼ, һʼ˵õġ
Ҳػش, Զ, Ȼ˵˻¾ֻ;ᷴڡ
¾ޱˣ뵽ڶķ֮еһ, ¾֪ʹûҲܽǮҪ
ûܹʡʮ
ڿűԼǰһƱ¾ʱûж
տôôҲû

ôܽôôҲûأЦЦͬүȥ˶ķͱôôˡ
֪ͬ¾ȥôôҲûʵҲΪؼá
ԶүܹôˬؽǮóΪж¾
û¾ǮܹûҲٲûһۣôҲǽס
Խʮָ¾鲢ԼԿ
ȻҪģΪ¾
һ壬ԴӶ֮¾Ƕ⻹Ƕڣ̬ʼһ
ӣͬҲһˡ
¾İµ˵̬ȣȻҲǿġ
ԹĻģ¾Ը̬ȶȻҲ¾ʧ
ȻһǮȻ¾ҪԸ
Ȼ˵Ǳ㲻ˡ
¾ҲһˣȷȷҪǮָ֮Ҳ˵ôôֽƱ
¾һһص˵Щⲻ֪ɼվһԵֹ꣺
֪ոڶķʱ򶨣ʵǮֶ΢΢
һٶʮ
ֹСô󣬾ûмôƱ
ֹ֪Լүֻõһ룬Ҳʮˣ
ʮ֪öٽʿںܳһʱﶼҪΪ˳Դˣ
ڼԼү˵һ֮ģ
ֹҪ·ϣֱүǮ¡
ȵ¾Ʊ뻳ֹ֮˿
˿ͬʱֹ꿴ŹҲһ˿м
ʮ
ʹүҲΪ֮Ķ֡
Ȼԥ˳ûһ˿벻á
ȣΪ֮塣
߹ͬ¾շߡԣǷǮʹͨ
ү
ʻ䣬һִһ˿Ц
ôôô¹Ҫ֣ͨҿֱӽˣ
ǰ仰Ƕ˵ģ仰ȻǶڵ¾˵ġ
˵ǰ仰ĿģȻҲΪѯ¾
Ϊ˵֮尲ûе¾Ļش𣬱ֱӴ˽
֣ʱ˵ˣոա飿
就ͬ¾˵һ˵ո·Щţ˭֪תͷ㿴ڵĹ顣
֮²ԼԭҪ˵ôôҲһ˿Եı仯
ӡ
ȣϵԵõ࣬尵˵ͷӦ
¾ϵ֮вôôܡ
һӹ¾գ尵ľٶҲܿ
Ψһùû뵽ǡ
˵ĹϵѾ尿Բֱͨӽ¾鷿ֹʶԴҲֲֵĵز
һӡ尴Ӿ֮лع
ֻ尿˿飬ֿ˿վһԵֹֿ꣬˿飬Ťͷ˿ԼΧĻ
ŽĿⶨվԼϣȷѯʣ
ֵ鷿ûߴɣ
ӵĻȷү鷿ûߴظ尿϶Ļش
⡭⣿
ָŹλãʣ
鷿Ҳ֪˶ٴΣÿʱǻԼļһȻ
ڿ鷿һǰ滹һˣܲе
Ǳ˷ŵġʱ򣬴Ӹոտʼһֱû˵¾ˡ
˷ŵģ¾˵ãһ˵ϵı͸ӵعŹˡ
ƽʱҪҲ٣Ҫһ鷿Ժûжķ䣬Ͱ鷿һôô⣿
¾ȴûвϵĹŹ֣ƽ˵ôô΢С¡
ôôôô
ôʵĳֻģ
鷿
رΪɭϵĵط
ǰҲ˵Ҫ칫ʱôشţ
ŶԣǡӸϵ鷿ãһ򵥵ĻͰˣ
ڻָԼ鷿ﰲһλãȻôô⣿
ʹ˾ˣڿ¾̬ȺΪ˲Լûмӣֻܹƽҡҡͷ
ûûôô⡣
š
¾΢΢˵ͷû˵ôô⣬Ҳûйϵ
ÿûжٲܱԼһָޡ
ոսʱ˵ôô¾ûǸո尽ŵʱ˵ŵĻ
ŶŶҸոһЩš
һ¾⻰Ҳ͹˲ϾΪôôҪռ尵鷿ˣ˵˸ոյĻ
˵ǻִŹ⡭Сӣȥһ˳ֶķ𣿡
ҪǰϰߣٲûԹֱ
Ȼ
ڼ¾ոյ̬Ⱥֱʶһƺ
ȥһˡ
¾ȥʱûжΣֻҪһЩ֪ȻҲûзϵıҪ
һ⻰˾æ׷ʣ
˵ִӳֶķһҲˣ
⻰¾뵽˸ոձԼеʮ
֮£尻вϽĵط
һٶʮһǧ
ôࣿ尵˵۾ţֶķǮˣ
һΣ¾û˵ֻһ϶
¾ϵãµȻܹ¾еĺ塣
΢΢Ϣ֮尵϶ʱһõЦݣ
б£ɿ϶Ҫˣ


32 
ɣӣ, ̲סˣֶķĲҵ
ոջ˵𾢵尣֮ȴ˲ס졣
һ۹, 尲ûлش⣬һ˿գ
ԭ, ¾鷿, ʲôȻֱ˵ȴ˹黹
ʱֻ, Լո˵²ʲôܣûʲôصĴ
ȻԼһҪеʱ, һԵ¾ȴ˿ڣ
ֶķ䲻ڴ£ÿķὫųɵճɽ, ҲǴӵĲҵ
ԭˡ˵ͷ, һ˿Ȼ
ոǮʱ򣬹ойɻ, Զôӵ˶ʽġ
ǳֶķǻӵĻƺҲͲʲôѵˡ
ڽе, ̧ۿ˿ڲԶ¾
ô, ӿɱүӪеˡ
ǵ٩Ϸʡ
Լϵ˱˸͸¾Ȼ֪Ϊʲô˵Ļ, ֻͷ˿ڲ, ûз
Ͼ׬Ǯ, ɵȷóһЩ
Ȼ¾û˵, һԵȴ̲סˣһ
ʲôӪеŸʵĳ谮ˣ
˵尲֪뵽ʲô, Ƿ߿
ţüͷ΢ЩΪʲô˵Ļ
ܵɻĿ⣬ǿ˿¾ʱɫȻŸ˹𰸣
ϣǸɵҲܾӪе
ûڵĻǴɵˣһԴĹ
Ǯӱڶϵĸоܡ
ÿһ¾ͱһҪǮ
ѡ
ǰЩ߹սʱһЩɾк޶¾Ҳ׿˿۱Ǯơ
Ȼ꣬ر¾ؾ֮
ʹӾͿʼСƵƵ
Ҫ˵ճɲãҪ˵顭˼ֻһǾûǮ
¾ο໹ҪԼǮȥֵµĽʿ
һ뵽Щ飬尾ͺ޵ҧгݣȴû˿취
ԭΪ֪֮󣬻һ߿˭֪ȴֻ°ͣƽ
ԭˣĻҲǺ
ˣһ⻰尶ʱЩˡ
үУƿػôͲˣ
鿴ŭһۣѯʡ
˵ڵĻʵԨƽƽǼ˴©ôҲֲɽ
ȻЩƺһʵ
Ԩλʮ꣬Ȼ޹ȴҲûгʲôص©
һ㣬ܿԨΪܡ
һ˵ɵˣ֪ԼĲûд
ݹۻʷϵĸλ֪֮ؼĵطƺ⡣
¾ٽɣ˻ǣƣõƺ֮
Ͼ¾Ϊ֮λᣬ𣬲Ҿ޺ͽĿܡ
ǣ¾򵥣Ҳȫİ취
⡭ȻҲ֪ڹ⻰Ȼ޷
֪һ£ܲܽһ¡
ֻܷ߷Ȼͺһ
ǲ
һԣһ̸ֱ¾ʱŹ΢Щӣ
ʽ
뻧ֱ𽻸ֹΪֻǣƳ⡣
¾Ҳǵ˽ס
Ȼڹֻ΢΢һ䣬ܹ뵽еĺ塣
Ĳܣͷԣµ̶ȣǷڳ֮ϡ
үڿʲô¾ӵĿ⣬ͶȥһѯʵĿ⡣
ڿڡ
޸ԺƷ⣬ȴҲԵ;
йֵ˵һźɣ
ʱ¾뵽˵ֹʱһ䡰ģĸ¸ѵҲ޹𣿡еЭ
¾зʡûס鷢ʵʵĹϵǶǴʱ
ԼЦ
͡
̧ۣȻԼЦģ
үǲˣ鿴¾˫ۣѯʣҸү˵Ļ
ţͬ˵໰¾һʱ仹Щȷָľһ䡣
Ҵ̤һ̿ʼûͷ
һһأ仰һ飺
ٸүһ£Ǳҹ£Ӳڣ
Ȼ֪¾⻰ʲô˼
޲ˣһǱдɷġ
ֻϧͶԹٳû˿Ȥ
ϱûУⱲͬûС
Ȼδ֮£̸ֺһ˵
¾ǶؿŹҼᶨ飬˺һŵЦЦ
ûչչֳͷԣô᲻ĺ
¾˿ҲɣֻҪ鲻룬һܹȲüֲ𺦹˼Լ¼ҵķ
ڿոյ뷨Щ
ˡ
¾ʱ򣬱Թѯʡ
үأ𣿡
ᣬ£ҲӲڡ
¾Ҳ룬ͬĻش
ĿӣƺӶԷ۵ף˶Է뷨
¾ϬһͨˣɿһԵ尡
Ľ̸ͷˮҲͰˡ
ԭΪŸոճԹ뱥Ķӣƺ֮УһĪı͸С
ȻʱĴȣ尵Ĵƺֺ˲١
ͬ¾Ȼӳֶķһٶʮʱɲû
ѵ
ڲ֪ڼ֮еŭһ˿ƽϢ
תͷԼǰԶ֮󣬸ոƽϢȥһ˿ŭð˳
ôֱӰǮˣ
һٶʮǿһٶʮ
ֶķһҲһٶʮԶȻô׵ؽ˳ȥ
⡭ƾ֤ԹˣСҲʵûа취
ԶԽ˵Խֱͣ
Ҳ֪ʵֲԶֻеŭʵЩ
ء¾ˡ⡢飡
ҧгݵ߶˵֣ĺ⣬·޲ý˸̻ˡ
ʱһһֱû˵Ļغڿˣ
Ѿˣ־Ҳ޲粻úô졣
ô죿һ뵽ոնȥһٶʮоҲ΢΢Щ塣
һ㣬ȻҪ취һĿϣֻⲢһ׵£ǻҪӳ顣
غȴ
ûеƵģڣ
ڵڶȻʧܴȴҲһôҲûС
ô»ʲôô
Ϊغ̬ɲüһɵȻɶӣȴҲȸոպ˲١
ոԶ˵ôѺעǮȴغ˵˶٣ȻЦЦǲˣľ֣ʲô
ܶʲôǶ졭
Щ͵ػش𣬵û˵꣬ʶʲô΢΢ı仯͵̧ͷغ
ûľֵǶ죬ⳡľӮȴˡ
غһ϶뵽ʲôȤ£Ц
˵Щⳡľ֮Ǯ֪£룿


33 
ô룿
Ĵ𰸲Զ׼
ҪЩǮĶͽ, ֪ǵǮ󶼱¾͹ˣôܽܣ
ֻҪһ£ͿԽľֿ¾͹ϡ
ֱ˵ľǹ¾, ĿľΪơ
ϻλãΪھϸ¾һƲ
ø֪, ¾
Խ, ԽãѾ˲Լʧһٶʮ, غһ͵
Ļʵܿס
ױáӦغ֪ҲͨеĹ, ΢΢ЦЦ
Ļʵܷģ³, һһ󹦣
ɾԼѾ¾ʺݺݳĳ, ֮£غһŵ
غ⻰, ֻ΢΢ЦЦû˵
غŸ¾ۺڹ
һ, ֮, ȴԼոĻ˸߻ء
˵ʲô
尵۾ƺǲ̫ԼĶոʲô
˵δӳֶķõǮ, ָһ
¾һڲ, ĺõظһԼո˵Ļ
尿Լ۴Цģ, ЩڸոԼΪʲôҪΪ, Ǯô
־ԼʵЩѿɴŤͷ飬ѯʣ
СӾȻҲã
Ҳ豭һ, ²豭֮󣬲̧ͷ尣
һ壬ҵıүģΪʲô᲻ã

ʲôľǻֵģ
ֻøոǹĪıƺֳˡ
ƫƫʱ¾Ǿ
ܵĴ̼ƵģҲڲһ䣺
ͬҲġ
֪΢΢ЦЦ¾һȻ
ٯٯĻ̲סҪƻǰĺг棺
ûмǴĻָӦûжٶ˰ɣ
ȷûжٶˣ¾ͷϵʮִ󷽣У㹻ˡ
֣֪ʲô𣿡
Ϊ̼أ尶ʱŭļ𣬶򵨱Թ
г
Ŷ¾üͷҲûһ£ֻӦһպô˵ڲ̫á
ֱ̬һֲΪܣΪٵζ
ʱѾڷ˼ԼΪʲôҪ
ĻůˣŵʱûгԱ
ҪԼҴ̼
ȵ뿪ʱĸо
ֻڼŵǰһ̣ͻȻ뵽ʲôͣ˽Ų
תͷվԼߵ¾
֡
ţһ¾֪ӦʲôҪͬ˵
ƺϲСӣ
¾ö꣬Ͷ¾ʮ˽⣬뵽ո鷿е֣尵ʵѾ˴𰸡
ϣ¾Ȼ˿϶Ļش
š
ͷͬʱ¾ƺ뵽ʲôǳһ˿Ц⡣
ԭ尻¾Ƿͬǰǰ㣬ֻྴɡ
ڿ¾ʱķӦ尻ʲô׵ģ
ЩȻҲͲҪˡ
ԼȻԣȷЦݣҲЦЦ
ȻˣǻʵܱףԸɩɪ
Թ
ͬ¾֮尵һθĿڡ
¾ڳƺϵһ仯Ҳ⣬ЦȸոոһЩ
㼪ԡ
ǹϤıٴγֵʱһз˼
ۿŶҪĴˣΪʲôҪԼҵ㲻ʹ죿
Ѱ˼ôҲ¾µʱ¾ȴǿ뷨ƵģһסĻͷ
û»ʵܱЩȥЪϢɣջҪи
⻰尣ʱеЩӣһࣺ
ַ֪ܶģ
尴ʱ̬ȱ㲻ѿ£ʮӡ
ա
糯ûʼѾдȽĳ˲ԡ
Ťͷϲɹ尣Ҳؾصذʱ˵ʱеоˡ
ЩλãվűͦĴɡ
尵εӰֻͬʱɵΧվżŲͬƷ׹ٷĹԱ
ֻҪĹԱЩ˽ˣֻҪһ۱ܿЩԱǼᶨĴһ
ЩԱǴʱվһڵ̸ʲô
Ǵʱ˿Ļ㲻ǽ̸ݣҲЩϵ
ӽôҲˣ
᲻֪ǽҪʲôˣ
Ӧòᣬʱ򣬿ɶֻԼڡ
ҲǣϳΪʲô
֪˵ֻͻȻһʱ𣬹
ǽ£Ҫȥô
ȻҪ˽գʱϾҪ³ˡ
ӡ
ʲôҲܸıʲô
˵Ҳǣһǰԭƻ¾ͺá

⼸Ա۵ͬʱʱʱ
尵ķһۡ
ȴȫûвƵģһҲûԼ⼸Աһ
ڵԱڲֹʱ˲١
ϳ
ڹԱֹҪõʱһϤĳ
һͬʱԱæվԼλȥ
Ϊ糯֮ǰ֮ķӿ󲿷ֹԱڽϳʱЩĲɡ
ʱʱر̲סȥעɻ尵顣
ڣճԼš࣬˳ͬʱ
Ӹոտʼһֱûжļ˶ˡ
ϣ¡
ʣ࣡
һǰһͬʱڵ
Ա˳ȥ㷢ִʱڵˣһ尣һˣǻ֣ҫ⡣
Ȼͬʱڣ϶ͬʱ౨Ҫָ󵽡
ʱ尾һˣ
֣ˣ㲻ñ򸸻౨İɣ
Ȼڻ֮еλԣǻӡ
֣ҫΪӣû˵ȨʱҲֻ˵⣬Ȼһλ˳
ʱһֱϵԨڿˣ
ʲô౨
Ԩ޴־ĶӼΪ˽⣬尻˵ʲô¡
ٺ٣ȷûʲô£ֻΪղϳö򸸻౨
ЦҲԨĻȻ˵ԼϳĿġ
Ŷк౨һ¾£Ԩϵʱ֡
ʵҲʲô£΢΢ЦЦȻһ֪࣬ʿ
ţվгֵǸֵĶľ֣
ľ֣Ԩϳһ˿ɻ󣬺Ȼľ֣֪顣
Ԩɽʮ꣬ѾԼĳ˽ˡ
ڿ˵ľֵʱ򣬳иλ󳼵ɫ仯֪е鲢򵥡
ʾ尼˵
õԨָʾҲ㽫Ƕľָ˵˳
ִǰбѾк֯һľ֣˵ַּӭȢɩһвʣֵƢԣɩӣľ֣Ƕɩָϻա
ƣ尻û˵꣬Ԩüͷһ壬һ
ûвԨŭΪȻص˵ͷ
ȷƣҲղ֪ľֵĴڡ
˵£ʲôֹ
Ԩ֪尲Ե޹˵£ɴֱѯʡ
Ԩʳ֮вٴ󳼵ı鶼΢΢ı仯
رǸոձȵ֣ҫ⣬׼˵ʲô
Ȼڣ尾һȥ
øΪֵֹУ򸸻ġ


34 
尴˻һ, ˵ûȻҲΪ
˭֪¾ϵܣƽҲάӣ
ȴһ̬˵
ԭΪǸƵĶľ֣
ֵַܶˣеʲô飿
һʱ䣬Ⱥʼؿʼɫ, ʼ²尴˾ٵʵ⡣
Ǵһļ󳼣ҲΪͻľٶЩ¡
, Ԩ, ס˵ڵ
Ϊ
Ԩ󣬴æԼڵҷɵ
һͷʼ۹۱, ǹġ
ʣ, ֲŵ֪ɩΪ̰, ڴ֮ǰҲⳡľֵѺע
ƽ, ػش
Ѻ˾Ѻˣʲôġ
ԨЩ, ȻǾ尺¾ЩС
ǵѺעȷûıҪ
ǶԨĻʾͬ, Żһת
ɩѺע, Ӯ˲٣֮л̿, ö
ţӮ˲٣Ƕ٣
ʱԨͬոһ, Ȼûн尿С١ϡ
˭尵һ仰, ֱӴеĲ룺
ظʵĻ, ٣ָһٶʮһǧ
ȡȣ˵٣ԨҲ־һ¡
ظ, һٶʮһǧ尵ͷµ˵ͣظһ֡
ȷԼûԨǹЩɢжһ档
Щ۹۱ǣǹĵĴǣٴСؽ
⵹ԨЩǳס
Ϊڵ
ǰʼս²ϣʮǰս׷ɵǵ˶塣
Ȼ⼸Ϊ¾ĳ֣ת࣬Ҳڸͬڹ˼ʮ̵ʵ
ΪĵشﲩԴḻ
¾ЩССս¾ܽĸɴ
ҲΪĹʮǰʼһֱʳ״̬
ÿ˰տƲ٣ȴ벻ÿ궼ҪĹԭĿ档
˵һŵĻԨҪһóһٶʮһ׵¡
鿿һ򵥵Ķľ֣ӮһʾԼҲòǮôܹԨȣ
ԭֲȥķǮȡأ뵽ݽȱǺƤȥķǮȡ˻
ʱһֱڵصٴοˣһ˵ǽһûʡ
尵Ļ˵úˣȻڵڵԼĹԱ֮ⷬȴɫࡣ
ʲô뵽ݽȱ飬ŲòǮģ
ȥǮʱͦͦ
ɸֵµĹԱʹһɫʾȥ尵ⷬʱȴ˿ǿڵĻᡣ
ͣ˼Ϣ󣬱ٴοڣ
ȻǮûˣȴǻ֣̿жǰ򸸻ʾԸ⽫Ǯƾ衣
˻һҲ˲ϻڵеԨˣ׷׾
ʲô

һٶʮһӣһҲ£

ܹվڽǵϵģ׶˺üٵˡ
ڶݵľȺ󣬶׷׻عѹסе
ǧ˼
ʱ»ָƽ
ʱԨŻ
ô˵
ظʣֵȷ˵ġ尵¸˸
һٶʮһãԨѯʣϲŭ
ظʵĻ˵Ȿ֮ƣûʲô᲻õġϾҪ붬ˣҲΪĽʿ¼Ӳͣһౡ֮븸ʳȫ
尴ػش
ԨҲû˵ȫȫֻ΢΢ĳĬһ⣺
޼ǵո˵ڴǰΪ̰棬ȥķѺע
ǡ尵ͷ
أûԨѯʡ
ظʵĻɩ˵ȥѺעһΪ̰棬ΪǶķֶľְܻʵڿɶ֮£׮Ϳ¡
һ΢΢ͣٺ󣬼˵
ɩѺעͲΪǮƶȥԶֵİŲ
˵ⷬԨûѯˣȴҲûٿ˵
һʱ䣬ǰδеĳ
ڴзֹʱԨڿˣһڣ㽫¾һ
ⷬ⣬ܺá
׼һٶʮˣ
˼ʱԨĻȴ֪뷨ֱǴش
ֻԨһתֱӲ尵
ȻȱޣĽʿգԶҪǮƵĵز
⡭尵ԥƺЩò׼ӦӦôӦ
Ȼո˵ˣǶķĶľ֣
ȻܻǱǮƵķ±ǣظе̿֡
֪еΪԥԨٴοڣһس
ǣһΣ尲ӦԨĻͬʱлǶлˡ
ţƽɡԨ΢΢˻֣ʾ尿ˡ
尼״Ҳīصͷл֮󣬱ӵվֱӻصԼʼλϡ
վ֮ԨŽĿŵȺеһϣ
֣ոкࣿ
㵽֣֣ҫʱȴһ¶һ˿
ʲôࣿ
ովҪ¾öľִƵΪģ
Ӹ˵Ļᰡ
ӶѾ˵¸˵ˡ
Ѿ˶ۣǱǮǶķʧʲô˵
ԨѾ֣֣ҫֲܵû
ֻܶ࣬Ⱥ˳
ϣࡣ
Ȼ£Ǳ˳ɡ
ԨڳطڵѾ˲٣ûС׷Ĵ㡣
˻֣վת뿪˵ڡ
Ԩ뿪֮󣬴ǲתȥ
Ϊ尸ոڵеǷٶвٴ󳼵Ķһ˿עϡ
ʱЩע尵Ĵ󳼱㷢֡
尲ûһ˳ֱ֮뿪תһЩ˹ȥ
֣岻𣿳ôɫЩѿ
尿˵ŹĵǱ飬͸һڲزסֻ
⡣
ʱ˲ŷ֣ɵɫʱͳҪˡ
ֻ尻֮ɵɫոѿһ֣
ʵܷģõĺܣ
΢˵仰֮ɱֱӷ뿪˴νһҲû尡
أ
ȻǶ̬һҲûϡ
ϵЦûܵ˿Ӱ첻˵üɫģͲûкһСˡ
뿪ʹ֮ҲûлԼӸֱתͷȥ
Ϥ尵һʱģ֪׼ȥ㱨Լսȥˡ


35 
һ, 尾ֱԺȥ
սţͿŵĹ¾
ϳʱ䱾ͱȽ磬Ϊ˲糯;ʲô״, ϳ֮ǰ˶ţҲͳԵСԵһ, ȻҲ⡣
û, 糯ôһͨڿӵʳеļоˡ
Ҳǻ᲻˼, ֱʸһ˫꣬˸λ
ͬ¾йһš
¾˿ľٶҲ˿, ȵ尳ԵĲˣſѯʣ
糯˳𣿡
˳, ̫˳ˣ
һ⻰, һ¾˾񣬵Ҳ˲лʣµʳˡ
һ, 㿪ʼɫ¾˽糯Ϸ¡
Ϊ˴ﵽЧԣмһЩԼļ⡣
˵ɢ֮ɵı, пһ
ϧûп, ʱǸɫֱʼˣɫظƵģ
˵˵, 뵽뿪ʱһҪֲ֪ôı
һʱûס, ֱЦ
㲻ȥ˵, ǿϧˡ
¾ЦúģЩ΢΢, ˶
˵ϳ˼
ȫûн¾ĳϣ΢΢˰֮ŤͷһԵĹ飺
ɩǻδ֪𣿲Ȼô֪׼µģ
û, ֮Ի糯ȥ¾ȫΪ˹ķԸ
չ˵ɶڶľ
¡
Ȼ󻹸¾ǲΪ±ɸѹһͷҪȥ¡
ʱ尻СûбҪ
¾˵С޴尽ӹİš
һϳһǸģ֪Żˮء
һ֣ҫǰ󷴿ڵı֣ʲô׵ģ
һ뵽糯Ϸ֣尿˵ǶԹͶء
ʱŹҲ࣬۾ĳݶ컯Ϊʵˡ
˭֪ڶ֪ʵ΢΢ĬƬ̣ȻһĪ
»Ҫδ֪֪𣿡
ԵĲ˵ֻҪһԼܽɵ˼¸˾Ųʮ
Ͼ˭Ķĳ治Ѵ֮ӮһǮߣҲ뷽跨Ҳ
尣
һڶҵͷԽ裬֤ݣ
¾ԼܵͷˮĴӿȥ΢΢һ䣺
ǳֶķǮɶҪɵġ
԰ҲˣѹǸӣã
ҲĴֻƽʱϸȥӡ
һ¾ѣҲͨеĹϣȻص˵ͷ
Ū£ȴһûŪ
ǻɩô֪ʻЩأ
ӳǵķӦ㲻ѿƽϳԶԳ֮ϵȻҲ˽⡣
ȴܹԨԴ
һжΪЩĴ𰸣ձѾˡ
֪ԨĿЩϤʱжʲô
ֻҪڿʱ
ȫһЩܲһ㣬ǻһЩûʵ𣿡
⣬黹治֪ôشˡ
ܲ˵ⶼǴϱӦЩ߰ļߵĹܽľɣ
ɴһǿܹ˵Ĺȥɡ
Ҳ
Ϊչȷ׼˲Ĵ𰸣еȷвٸûѯʵݡ
еʺ尾ֻʣһûͨ£
ɩô֪ʲҪǮأ
ǵģǮȥҲǹġ
ʱ򣬾Щ⡣
Ͼ¾ͱͰ͹ôЩ꣬òڵһǮϾҪеչˡ
ȴ˵ҪǮȥôܹܣ
ֻǺĵر֤ϲǮҲ֮Ų鲻ԸشӦ
ӦǴӦˣлǶԹıֻ֤̬ȡ
Ͼû˱ЩСڻʹгĻǸ˽״ˡ
ֱ׿˵ǮƵʱ尲ųţյı֤޵ķʸ

˭֪һֱֵʮгĹʱȴһ˿ɶҲòᶨˣ
ʵҲǷǳȷ
ʲô
ôҲû뵽Լõһ𰸣ʱ⡣
һԵ¾ҲͶȥһɻĿ⡣
ֻֻ֪Ҫ˵ǮʵӮģүǰ֪飬ϱ߳ɵĿԣܡ
ѾˣȻҲͿ˵ʵˡ
ֲʲôӣô¶׼ȷ
֮
ĵ就֤޷尽᲻˵ǮĻˣ
ʣµɣڶˣĻϲܡ
һأ
尼ֱ챻Ĵ󵨸ˣɣѾˡ
˭֪ȴֻһۣЩνػش
ǶˣǮȥˡ
ʲôϵľȲԼˣһٶʮ
һٶʮʲôһٶʮһǧСĿ
ôƮƮ˵ȥˡĻģ
֪ⲻһСĿ
ݹĲˮ΢΢ں˵
ǮãȥҲ̫ۡ
˵˶٣ٴοڣ
Ǯǽɹ⣬Ҳһ൱һָûа취ĽʿֻҪǮ˽ʿϣүң㲻̫
ԭ˵ʲô⻰֮±죬Ҳһ˿ӣ
尿ûǣչ˵ϳ˵ǮʱһҪǿΪĽʿ¼Ӳͣһౡ֮Ļ
˵ʲôʾõǮҲһָû취ʿĻ尲׹˵Ǿ仰ʵ⡣
˶˵һ˫ܿ͸ģȻڣ尲ŷ֣ˣɽɽ
е鶼ǵ㵽
ʱ尵г˶Թľ֮⣬һ˿ң
ҹ鲻ǵĵˣҹֵӣҲҹָơ
ɲ֪Щʲôһֱû˵ֻǻЩûͨ
˶˵ҪããЩʱеá
һ򵥵Ļȴ尵ı֮ոոӸһ֡
û˵ȷ˵еãܹһģм
ܹͬһһܹƽģм
ǹȾ尣ҲپҪǮȥĿˣ΢΢˹֣
ɩ˵ˡ
˭֪⻰ȴҡҡͷ㲻˽̼֮
ţ尵ϳһ˿ɻ󣬡̼֮ʲôϵ
Ȼйϵģ΢΢ЦЦ¶һ尲̫ܿ׵ı飬Ƕ̼֮Ϊ˽Ļ֪һٶʮѣ㲻ʲô֡
һٶʮѡ
˵Ļֻ˿Ҳ֪ߵغ
Ͼ϶ᶯĵһ֡
֪ΪΣ˵仰ʱ尵ȴֻʣһĪŷ
·һٶʮȷʲô֡
⻰˼ʱһԵ¾ˣƺǶ̼֮оˣ
ȻҲ¾һ϶Ļش¾δ
Ȼ鷿ŽҪ糯µʱ򣬹ͬţ¾ȴܹо֮
չţԴڶԼ˽⡣
ڹţǵԼϤ򣬶еһ񣬶ܹеǿ
Ĺ飬¾·𿴵
߽սϵԼ
һٶʮ򣬶˵ʲô£
˵һ仰ٲûһ˿ĸо
Ȼ⻰¾Ŀ˵ֻеƶ
Ϊ¾̬ⷬȣϵЦּһ֣
Ȼʲô¡
Ӧ֪һףȱ¹״ɣ
¾Ź飬Ҳһ˿ŵЦ⡣
¾Ŵӹеʮһȱ¹ʲôģʵЩˡ
һ¾ҪǮĵطƺҲͶ˵ˡ
źߣֻ΢΢üʾ¾лֱ˵
ôԺٲҪͲ֪ǷԸ⣿
¾˵⻰ʱϵıҪ̹Ȼж̹ȻһҲԡ
Ƕ¾̬ⷬȺã°
֣
Ǳ飬ֱ̬Ͳָдˡ
¾˿ЦЦ
ԺҪŬǡ
һ˫صĻøոջĹƮһ˿ϼֻܵӲһ䣺
ү֪ͺã
¾鵹Ŀģɿ˻һ尡
ʱ尵ֻʣһ뷨
˭ĶǲǾͲϣ
úõ˵أôڿʼˣ


36 
, ̲סڴ˹ͬ¾֮ǹܵط·˽գ
ǳڱ㽫Ǯֺɩˣ
˵ͬʱ就ӶͳһƱ
һƱǡñǹ¾մӳֶķûһٶʮ
Ϊ鲢ȫȷʵ۲ǮƣջǽƱ, Աʱ֮衣
ڻϼȻѾ˻ȻҲͲټһǮˡ
, 糯ˡ¾ջԼڹϵĿ, תͷ尡
Ҳࡣ
һ¾⻰尵Щ΢˼ˣҡҡ֮, 뵽ʲô
ֻҼֽߵʱǱ飬ǲưո, ʱֿ»ҪСġ
ֻҪ۾˶ܹ, ɽ糯ʱòᡣ
ϳôһ, һôҲûš
尶˽⣬֪ʱ, ɿ»һ
ֻ尲֪ɾҪôֻ֪¾һ, ӷ
Ȼȴ, ܲµһĶȴܹµ
Ȼǲưոݵ, ǿ϶尵Ļ, Żһת, ֻǶСĵҲûбҪ
ţɩ˻ν⣿
ڵ尿˵ǶԹķڷ, һ⻰æ
ү书ǿر, ǲһУǴӣ㲻ΪСүơ
ʣȻҲϸһ
֮尵ͷԹĻʾͬ

һô꣬˽Ǽҡ
У氵ﶷжأûеĵز
ֻɲӲģͲ֪׼ˡ
в²ŴӽжʱѾ˴𰸣
һΣӦûǻǰϰ취
ǰϰ취üͷ΢΢ƺЩ⣬ʲô취
ۡ³֡
ۣ
ۣ
Σʣ¾ͬǰû˵Ĵ⣬Ͷȥһʵ
ԡ
ǰųɻݣ뵽һʳֵЩ¾Ӧû˵
ֱӻһܹ¾˵
үڵǴӺζ
Ϊɵھк
˵尶ԹеġԡĻἰ¾ڵ󣬻ʲô׵ģ
̲סһ
ⷬߵı֣ûзκ
ϾֻҪһЩ˶ܿ¾ڵڱƲ
Уܻ¾εԵڡ
Թֻ΢΢ͷ֮󣬱ֻص˸ոյĻ⣺
һΣӦûǻһ㣬ڶľ֮¡
Ǿôɿţ
üͷٴ££ǲˡ
ڵѾˣ˿ֹСҹĵز
ôܻȥǻᱻ˺
Ȼôɿţβʣ͸˽ԣãүҲͬá
ɩ˼
ǡüͷ΢΢չƺЩ׹˼ˣֲȷԼĵ׶Բԡ
ҵ˼ǣһΣڴж֮ǰж֡
΢΢ЦЦ϶еĲ²⣺
ɢһԶѣү˵ʲô°ɣ
Ȼʲô£¾ڣ就ֱӸ˴𰸡
һ仰ʲôţ
ûгԹ⣬û
¾ͬɶô꣬ɢɿĵķɲ֪ù˶ٴΣ尾ǿҲˣ
Ÿո糯ϳΪǿĺ尣뵽һΣЩƲסԼĵļ
֮£就ֱӽ¸
ɩ˵ǽҪô죿
ʵܽյӦ˵εĶľͬү֣ĿıΪơ
Ÿո尵ʼ󵨲²
´糯ϳ˿˵ǮǸүʧ⳥ӦòˣǴӣ˵үǵˣû֮
ĺһ㣬ὫЩڶľ֮ǮҳǿΪζľʧǴȥغʳ²֮
ֻҪβľֵȫҵϣүǵˣΪֲңŲòͬһȥʶĽҪ
һ˵⻰¾ͬ尵϶ͬʱһĨͬ顣
尻¾Ǹҵˣûжε¡
һ˵ı飬֪ʲôʱЦЦ
Ҫ֪˶ԶԶ
绨ѩ֮ʱôȤľƵϣֻ˵үӢѹ˹أɲȥүⳡľ֮еӮʲôô
ȷ
ϸ룬㷢ֹ˵ĵȷе
ϾͷүҵĶӵŮͬ˽¶ܴǷ꣬ɼն߰İԵĹĳ̶ȡ
尾Ͱչ˵ʱ򣬹ֿˣ
ֻһ
ʲôæ׷ʡ
ǴõĻٲû˾үǸ̰ͼɫڵˡ
ϵĲ豭ᴵƯˮϵĲҶһ²ؼԼģ
⡭һ⻰尹ȻЩԥˣΪ̰ͼɫǾڣɶʲô
رǾڣ
ֱϣ
뵽就²Լֱ̧ͷһԵ¾
˭¾Դȴ˿⣬¶һ˿Цݣ
ԺҪˣȻǶη塣
⻰˼ͬķˡ
¾ӦˣȻҲûвӦĵ΢΢ԥ֮󣬱˵ͷ
Ǳ㰴ɩ˵
רĴŲҶĹ鴽ǲ䣬ַеĲ豭
֮⣬ҪҼΪĲĶͽ
˳ʲôüͷ΢΢壬Ȼ˺ǲϲ
Ȼǳ˵˵ĲĻӿųֶķôǮƣǾͲһۣ
˵һΪԱôڶΪ˸ҵùͷˡ
˵˵ĲĻ˽һĳ֮У
ϿӮЩȺ֮ȥɿɿ磬𡭡
Ҫ룬뵽ǵķӦ
ʱֻὫìͷ׼ķﻹʲôй¾ⳡľ֮еʲôô

̲סˣ㾪̾ͬʱһипù鲻ǵĵˡ
Ȼͷԣƿĵ˭ܶס
һ뵽ϾɳԸ尵̲סˣֱӴӵվ
ɩģ³һ׵
˵꣬就˳ת뿪ˣߵʱûǽվֹһͬߡ
һģ׼ȥɢԣɵ鷳ȥˡ
Ǳ˳뿪ˣ߹ȴɱŸոճ˼Ķ
¾һԿ˺һûеȵӦûסѯʣ
ʲô
ۡ
°ͣһ˿˼Ĳȷ
ʲôʱ۶һҪ
ԿηЩʱܹﵽɱ˲Ѫĵز
ھе۷ɵеġ
һǻܹɺ޷֮´һֲ
ȵһ˷ҪһУɾͲô׵ˡ
¾Ҫᴢ֮λڵķ
ΣҪ취ƿС
Ҫƿۡ
Ժ𽥸ֳһƻĴ³Ρ


37 
Ҫƿۣ
¾һ, ܹ²µ롣
³е뷨Ҳû˿ڵ˼ܴ󷽵رˣ
û
ɲһ׵¡
ܹƿԵ, Ҳıãĵز
ڹҪһ, ȵɸѡ
ΪھеĻȨ, Ҳ
Ҳ֪֪ʱ뷨ԲԴС
ȻҲ֪һ, ¾Ļʾͬ
ȷףʵҲʲôǳѵ¡
⻰˼, Ѿ뷨ˣ
¾ȻѾ֪ϻۣҲЩ⡣
Ӹոʵ뿪, ŹȥãȻѾ뷨
Ȼ, ¾ʱľȣЩ°, ү˵ձ
ûİ취ձ
Ҫƿõİ취ʲô
ȻӵȨסԷĸ;
ĩ֮ǰ, ƿظ罻Լý塣
һ΢, ܿŴ󲿷ȺڵĿھ
Щð֪ϢֻҪƴѹ, , ֻСΧڴ
ЩҪð֪Ϣ, ֻҪͣ, ֵܹȫ˾֪
΢֮ǰأ
˵ʱǰһЩ֮ǰأ
Щʲôƿ۵ģ
Ǹֽ
ʱֻܴӸֽϻȡĸϢ
ǱֽϵƫģͻȻȻռе˼ߵء
ҲҪ߬׫дŸʱ, Ҫ͹
ɴ˼еԭˡ
ڵ룬ûձĴڣǹܹһձʸԼС
ʱգԺе۵ȨȻȻתƵУﻹɵԸԸ⣿
ûձĴڣ¾ȻҲͲ֪ձΪ
ᵽձҲֻԴһЩɻظİĴ
ձǺ
Լۡһ֡
΢˼Ƭ̣뵽һ¾˵
ҲۡĴڵġ
ͬʷϵĴ󲿷ֳһۡҲǿǵһЩϵּ󳼵ԼһЩ鱨
ǰս³Խʱ򣬻`һЩ߽Ϣ
ǰ꣬ǻд¾սϵӢ±֣԰ȺΪսȵ
Զۡ¾İ
˵¾ֻҪһ˼׸뷨
˼ǣҪԼۡ
ȻҲ
¾һ͵
ΪҪձ¾΢΢üЩ⡣
¾ɻ󣬹Ȼ֪޲޲
ΪҴ㽫ۡķڶΪһգÿնᷢµۡԳΪձ
ÿշУ˭¾⻰֮ԭ΢΢£üͷؿˣ²ʵ
ţΪʲôβˣ˹顣
ոԣۡӦ׼У
¾⻰˵ѯʣȴǿ϶
ӹոյĻбܹҪձĿΪƿۡ
ȻҪƿۣôձͲֻСΧڴ
ûͷȻ
Ҫ
󣬿˾٣ˣôƿۣ
Ȳ˵ܲÿնҵµݿ֮ۡϣ˵ۡӡˢ㲻һ׵¡
͢רŷۡĻ¾ۡķУȻҲ˽һģָнΪѵĵط
֪һձ׼ǶݣڹǵٶȣҪ̳һųذֵĵҪķһһյʱ䡣
Ҫǵݽ϶࣬⹤˵̵ٶȿ޷ϡǸֳ޵ʱϿҲ󡣡
ҲΪʹǳ͢ÿҲֻᷢȼۡѡ
ոмƻձʱܶ⣬˵ձҪЩʲô˵Ҫ˽ձĴڵȵȡ
ȴôҲû뵽ǰĵһɽȻӡˢ֮ϡ
¾ⷬʶü
ӡˢûлӡˢ𣿡
ӡˢǺ
¾û뵽Լ˵˵ۡķвףִԼһİĴ
Ȼ̫׹еġӡˢʲôֱȴ¾ӡˢƺ򵥡
ͬӡˢһҲӡˢһֻ֣ӡˢ˵ӷݣҲʡʱʡ
ȻûлӡˢһЩϡ
ڶڻӡˢҲ˽⣬¾򵥵ؽһ
򵥵˵ӡˢǽֵ̳ģ壬Ҫõʱ򣬰ոЩѡһͿīӡˢ
ȵӡˢ֮󣬻ԽЩģ²ֿ´μʹá
Ϊÿģ嶼ǶĿ⣬Ӧø
ϣԽ֡
ĻȻ˵ü򵥣ȴҲӡˢص뷽֮˵˳
¾ҲǴˣͨ뵽˻ӡˢķ֮
ӡˢ˵㣬ԺҪӡˢʲô֣ǶҪˣ
Ȼ
°ͣȻصͷ
Ҫ֪ǧ꣬ĻԼ֪Ρ
ӡˢܹĴ֮ռһϯ֮أȻĵ
¾ȻҲܹӡˢǰҲ˲ʲôƿۣʲôۡձˣæѯʣ
ӡˢ˽٣ͬϸ˵˵
⡭֪ʵҲࡣ
ԣüͷ΢΢壬Ҳһ˿ԥ
˵ҵרӡˢã˹ǸѾӵ˸ӷݵֻӡˢ
⴫ͳӡˢҲѾ֮ˡ
ڻӡˢ˽⣬ѧϰʷʱЩƤë
ֻ¾Ȼѯˣ黹ǽԼ֪ĸ˵˳
˵֮󣬼¾ıЩ⶯
뵽ԼҪձӡˢҲǱزٵĹ֮һ˽飺
ȻҶԻӡˢ˽٣֪оţţҪҵһܹˣӦòһѵ¡
ô˵¾ΪɲЩԾһ˵ܹ취ȻҪġ
˶˵ҵרӡˢȻһȫµӡˢҲӲӡˢʽһ֡Ҿ֪ӡˢҲǴӵӡˢݱүβȥҼϤӡˢһ֣̽
ԵĲ˵˵ʷλӡ
ˢķߣϕNһʼҲֹ̹֮ӡˢ
ֻϕNóܽĸԲŻڴʵ֮ӡˢ
ڹܹṩ˼·뷽ܹҵḻ֮ˣôҪ뷨ʵȻҲͲʲôѵˡ
˵
һѣ¾Ҳ̾һ㣬ڣٵһ⣺
ѡϣҪúһ
¾ͨ뵽ӡˢĺô
ܽӡˢⷢ߻ֱܹʷ
£ѡ֮ϣͱҪ֮ˡ
ѡ棬¾ֻܽүȥˡ
ȻҲ֪һ㣬㽫ͷͺ¶¾
Ͼһǹֵ¸ûʲôõˣΨһһȻģȴѿΡ
µѡ¾ܹõĺôԼĿռ䣬ҲҪࡣ
¾ȻҲܹе⡣
һΣ¾ȴûͬ˵ллĻˡ
ʱϵĵлԵЩ⣬úýⷬļУԺжϻرʵһЩ


38 
ӡˢܹɹо, ôձӡˢϵ⣬ȻҲͿӭж⡣
ȻȴԶ򵥡
Ϊʱ¾ձеĵڶ⣺
Ҫձ뷨Ǻõ, ǲǺһ⡣
ʲô鿴¾ʾлֱ˵
֮, ܹʶĶֵʵࡣʹھ, ʶֵҲռݴ롣ʹձܹУܹ˿Ҳࡣ
¾˵⻰ʱʵܡ
Ļ̶ȵ, ܹʶĶֵ٣׷ԭ, Ϊ볣ս׷ɡ
ǰ꣬սΪԽʱ, ±ûа취, ȥʶֶ飿
ףΪ, ޷մȥȵڳԱ֮, ȥѧϰ, ϰ䡣
ԭ¾ΪΪͷһ˭֪ȴֻǰ˰, ûнϣ
ү, һȻҲпǵ, ձϢ֮, һ׼濯һЩ
ȻǺյ̶ܽȡ
¾˵ڻʹõӡˢʱоѾ˴µĲ²⡣
ϾӡˢΪҪӡˢ鼮ҲȽ, ֮£鱾һƷȻҲͲˡ
鼮۸񰺹ȻҲ֮ѧϰż
ڸո¾ӡˢʱ򣬹Ѿ˽
ӡˢ¾ѾܹϰߴԼЩİĴˣ
Ǻ
򵥵˵ͼ¡̻һַʹǲʶֵˣҲܹͨͼķʽҪĹ¡

黹ǱȽ˽ġ
ԵĲ˵ڹ˼ҵ鷿УղһĴ
Щ˵ǹжĴɶ΢ܹ˵ǿͯУ˲Ȥ
ĶżߣʹʶֵİҲܿ
ʱΪֽ˻ȥΪ˲˷ѣܻ취ȥ˽һ±ֽϵݡ
һձĴҲȻȻˡ
¾΢΢˵ͷܿ죬뵽µ⣺
Ӧǲʹûӡˢģ
ӹոյ㲻ӡˢֻӡˢַš
ԻΪӦǲõӡˢġ
ǲûӡˢֻһʼǸ⣺
ʱ
ȻҲܹ¾⻰˼
ûҲÿնձϿǣ׼ÿ֮ѡȡеһ죬µݡ
ڵҪѡһ죬ȻҪһҪˡ
ĻҲʧΪһַ
¾΢΢˼һ֪С
һµʱ䣬Ҫݲ࣬ټ˸ϹҲʲôѵ£
ÿ²ܿʱأΣ
ַܹ¾ɲΪŹΪٶȣܿĿʱ䡣
Ȼ⻰̱¾Ͷȥһ㶮ҡ
ȻҪһЩ˵ˡ
˵¾üͷ΢̫׹Ļôʹձ˵ϡ
ǲʶ֣ɣϾʱ䣬ǻȥ¥ƹݣһСɣ
Ҳ룬¾׳
һ⡣
û¾ͷ˵ѰˣҲʱʱһϷӽȥǽơ
԰ֻҪס˵죬ȻҲͿƿסˡ
㲻˵Ȼվӣֻ˵Ҫ˵֮мдһЩ˽Ըıǵ뷨ˡ
˵һĩ֮ǰ˶һ˽
ΪĴеġˮ䰴ֻҪһᵽ˽ǵԺиֵıǸΪͬ͵飬ֺԼɷɵĶ
ȴ֪ʵʷ֮У˽ǡˮ䰴д
һԶŹ㡣
ɷɣҲǡˮ䰴дߣĿªǸ߳ߣҳĴöɣһְ֮
֮ڡˮ䰴֮е˲Ϊͬĺܾޱ֮ȥͶɣΪɲϳ֮±ųһҥԣҴ
˷ʵѾѣᣬҪȥҥʱ
ҥȴѾ˾֪ұˮ䰴дⱾ֮С
ʹˮ䰴ߵĺרž˽ɵڣΪ˽д˵Ǹʫ֪ٲˡ
±֪ҪԼƷ֮мдһ˽ܹɵĺԼӰ졣
Թ뵽ĵڶ취ѰһЩ˵Ϊá
취ǰʵҲǷˡ
¾ˮʵ
ھгļλ˵Ǵӵˣûа취Ϊá
ܹЩ£¾Ѿжˡ
ܹƿ
⾩е۷򣬲ΪֵžǴ˵
ʲôʱ˵Ҫҳˣ¾һĪ
´ﲻҪЧ
ЩҲֻһЩûʲô˵СݹְƽȥĶûм˵
ڲԺ󲻻
һ㣬˵˿Ҳģ
ֻҪ˵ܹ˵ݣ£
ĩ֮ǰ˼ҵĲҵ֮Ҳôһֹ˾ƣҲ˸˽һЩ
Ȧ֮УΪƷ˶߾ϵǿɲ
˵ͬҲûʲôֻҪܹóϲƷ˭ǲ
ҪһǰĹ£Ҳһ׵¡
Ļ̶ȵͣʶĶֵ˶í˾ж徭ȡ
ֻЩ;ǣŻҪı·
ЩҲѾܵ徭дĻҲ秵أֿڸĺܣǸͲ
¾֪ĻǰϹ¡
˭֪⻰֮󣬷Ӳˣ
һү͸ӲҪˣֻҼ˵ұǡ
ҲֹԸⷽ棬ûܹȵĩ֮ǰǡ
Ȳ˵ЩĴ˵С˵еǼɡ
ʲôˬİʲôİ°ʲôҳ̵ϱ糡ʲôմ̼̽ưֲɹ¡
ȻԼдɻһ仰ҵר
ţԼֻҪЩڶྭò˥
֮Уôһؼ˵߬дһ
㹻ץסЩûоٻŵʱϴ˵ˡ
Ȼ˵ˣǡʵֵ»м˵һʵܽ
¾Ȼ֪룬Ҳ֪޵ķʸ֮ˣ˴𸴡
˵⼸˵ǵΪͬɴ̨һˡ
Ч΢˵ЩҲ
Ҳţ罻飬á


39 
߹¾ŷָյ, һߵȴԴȴ޲
ڵɣΪ˸ոյϢ
˵ʲô
ɿŰԼǰ£Ŀ׺ݵҪˡ
ǡЩ˶ôġ
ɱһĿⶢŵ, ͷֱ࿵ؽոյĻظһ顣
ôҲû뵽, ȻһԼΪĵطʧǰ㡣
ͬǰ, ڽ糯ʧ֮һصоټԼֵµĻţҪ¾һ鷳
ĻŵĽ, ɾʹɢһС
ϾЩʱڶ, ҲֻҪþС
˺üʱ, ¾ܻɽ, ֤һȷ
û뵽ǣֵµȥɢµԵʱ, µȴѾˡ
Ϊǳľֵ, Ѿ˸Ƿꡣ
ھеİո˵ǳֶķЩμӶľֵĶͽá
˵ʲô꼰, òһ֪ȵˣֶķȻֱĵĶľ, Ǽºá
֮, ЩվȻ˵ʲôö, ͸øЩܻһѵ
Щ˵ʲô¶ô谮, ˺ַǵֹһ֣Ƕ˹
ԼӶ˳谮, ôͬѪأ
Ϊôһ£ô̶̵һʱ¾ھе˻ů
Ҫɵ˷Ӧ죬ڵĽͷβ˶ڸֻľ顣
֮⣬
з˵ֶķҿĶľָ֣ôɹ
ıֲڽϻһۿžҪյԼˣ֮ôܹ
ɿˣԽԽֱֳеĲ豭˹ȥ

һ⻰Ȼæرӷ˳ȥ
ɵ˸ո˳ȥ鷿ͻȻҴ߽һžװˡ
ŵļ˼򵥵й֮㾶ֱߵһԵĻغߡ
ߵ˵˼ʲôȻӶͳһţݵغ
֪ˣȥɡ
غǷŽ˹˻֣ʾ¡
ԭΪɵŭѹֵգͻĲɢ˲٣ڵҲغͶȥɻĿ⡣
غȴûиоƵģͳһеŷ⣬ųһĿʮзٵš
Խ¿غɫԽѿһ֣ȵҳֽ֮غɫѾͳûа취ˡ
غɫı仯ڴɵĻжһɲõԤУʼɫؽɫ
ܹģܹɵĸˣ̵Ҳ˴ʱˡ
ԶڴĻӣЩĻŶ˵ʮ˽⡣
ӳ嶯࣬ıԲ㣬ŭΪһЩС¶󶯸λͬոһ㡣
˵ĻȻڴֹϲӣȷʵҪȴƢϲ٣ƽʱײᶯŭ˭һЦеģ
ȻڽһŶѣȻƢõĻɫѿ
Ļǲ²ʱͼغֽǼҳֽ
ŷ⣬ȻݵվһԵϣ
Ƕȿɡ
ԭоʹкĻȻнŷ֮󣬱ֱӽֽ˳ʼٵš
ڿֽд֮Ļ֪Ϊʲôغɫѿˡ
ո˻ʲô˵ֶķɹǼΪ˵ˡ
ϵݱ㲻ѿڵʵԶ֪Ҫࡣ
Ӳ֪ô£ͻȻƵģԶķЩ˵˽˽һһ
ׯҳǧЩС£ЩͽӮǮߣӵףϹԶĲЩ£ȻӸˡ
ҲͰˣӻЩ¸˸Ƿꡣ
ھеİһ˵ֶķǽһߣͲûоۼһȥǶķˡ
һĻǾ֪ķӦǱסˡ
˭Ҳ۵㣬Ͼⳤֶķô£ĻǽһŶ塣
ЩԼЩĻܹô󣬶ٲ˳ֶķڱĽǮ֧֡
˵ⳤֶķǴӵӣҲΪ
ӱǱŭӣĻô˵Ļ
ڿϵݺ㿴ңҿ㣬ûпڡ
󣬻ĻغڵĽ֣
֣ܵ˼ⳤֶķȹһʱɡ
ܣ
Ȼһ⻰ɵɫֱȸոѿ˼ֻ֣նؾܾغ飬еļû˿תء
֣ѾõĽ취ˡ
غɫҲЩѿȻǵˣⳣ飬ʹŻܹõĺôҲǳޡ
ƽͿЩ˽µӪǮϵĿȱˡ
ɵڶҵ֮Уⳤֶķ׬ǮǮһ
ǿԣغҲϣصķɲ벻룺
ķﱾвټ˵˽ҪƽȥҲʹȥˣϢѹһѹǣЩϷ߿Ҳֻ˵˵Ḷʵжȴǲˡ
Ҫǻһ˶˵ⷬٲûᷢһ𣬵˵غֵϵͲҲͶһģ
ôͲˣ
һٶʮСĿҲ˵ˣ糯֮ϣĶֻܹ˼ǮӦû¡
ˣغ㽫еĸֹϵϸϸطţ
һǮȻûҪп϶ϷԣʼȻ˵˲еǮȻҲͲܷڡ
ǴֿɱˣһٶʮɶǴӳֶķóġ
غĻû˵ҲʲôͷޱĴȻܹغδĺ塣
еǮҪǮȻҪط취ġ
طֻܹóôһǮĳֶķˣ
غһ飬֪Щˣ˿ڲ֮󣬼ոյ
ⳤֶķؾصҲͰˣо⶯ҲʲôƫƫڳֶķЩ˸Ƿ꣬ǸҪû顭
˵ոɻԹصֶķЩܣھֻʣ˺ԼȲ
أȥԶѶķˣ
ȻҶ˵仰ʱֹסۡ
˵¾
ӳֶķߵһٶʮһ۵صѪĻ
ôصķֱɵļˡ
Ҳعۡ
غȻҲеĲᣬ΢΢̾˿οţ
û˳ֶķԺǻгķֶķȵ粨ȥ֮󣬻ͷٿһˡ
غ⻰ֱ˵ɵĿ֮Уǹ׶֮ҲΪ⻰ƽϢ˲١
ɾֻҪһ뵽Ϊ¾ܵЩ£оͱĲС
غͬദ꣬һĸֵͬܣһ飬֪룺
ڸʿѾЩעֽջһЩϺá
ǾôȥֻԼĿǿôҲʲȥ
ǻʵҲûзӣغеĲ豭£˵һ壬ڶ𣿡
һ򵥵ѣֱӱɻȻʡ
ھеİղ˵
ҪʱʲôǶõĴ
뵽ɵֱ̺ӳغ¶һЦݣ
Ļʵܵ
˵꣬׵ļĻ֡
غһģ֪׼취ҵ㲻ʹˣֽһԵĲ豭¶Ʋˮϵĸ裬˵ʲô


40 
, ĳЩʱΪ֮⣬ʱ¶ȽСġ
С£˵һǽ, ˵Ĳһ㣬ʵǵС¡
ҲΪ, Ȼ۵Ҫȥ, ȻѾķرնβҲûжൢ
ǾЩһ뻹ڷ߿ַųֶķİǵġ
һ̱㷢ַǷĳֶķ֪ʲôʱʼŽˡ
еӱȽϴŷӦ֮, ƴǽⷭȥ˿ȴⳤֶķȻ֪ʲôʱѾȥ¥ա
˼뿪ʱڲִ, ķлвٶ
ϵƾ֮СҲ˵˴ӽ䴦ͭ
ֿ˵ͬһ͵˷ˮ, ֱȺ֮ը˹
в˹˲Ϻ, ֱڳֶķѰ˱
Щ˵ľٶ˷֮󣬷ǵû˿
дʵط, ˵ǰⳤֶķƭ˲ǮЩֻΪûԼǮˡ
һ⻰, õȷмֵ, ҲǵĶ֮Уⳤֶķ֮зѰ
, ⳤֶķַȻΪ˾Щֺ, ûȺڵѰ֮ء
Ȼ, ЩǺˡ
ʱ, ЩԳֶķעˣ˶֪ķѾ˵Ϣ
ЩͶԳֶķע˵УȻ˺ɼΪԸ尡
Զʰ·ͬʱ, 尾ѾյϢ
յϢ֮Ҳû룬Ҳųš
ֻԶ·ͬҪȥϣԼֺ
ɩϲء
˭֪˳߽鷿¾͹˵˺Ϣ֮ȴֹ¾ķӦƽƽ
Ѿ֪Ϣˣ
ǰͷҲû̧ˣ尾ֻ뵽һԭ
ûСһԵıʣϵ˲Ϲ˼֮󣬲ŸһĴ𸴡
ôһ㷴ӦûУЩš
֮е£ҪʲôӦ˵ͬʱе˲Ϲʡ
ǳûл˵ˣֻϵıЩ΢΢Ť
ʣʾǸܵͷϵĲܴ֮࣬ЩԱ
Ѿǰļ֮УԼϻʵ
΢΢ľɥ֮һԼ
ڲҪʲô𣿡
ʲôе˲Ϲʺ󣬽һߡ
˵סԶҵ鷳ʲôġԽ˵Խ¿С
ǰԶûٸӸǮòᣬڼȻлԶ鷳ȻŹ
Ȼж㱻
ȰòҪ
Ϊʲô´һһ˲Ĺ飬Щ⡣
Ȳ˵ԶֻǸūţʵͬƽûýݣ˵ڴôһͷǱŻʱΪ˸ūţͷӣֵ
ͷٵطе˲ᣬ
⹷Ƽ˶ǽοˣһߣԺŲڰԼ·߾
ڹ鿴ԶȻɺޣҲֻǸµūţֵ˼ȥʲô
ڳֶķţԶҲƵ˾
൱Ѿǿһֱ۰
˵Ī׷ҲûбҪȥϾɱ
尸ոջ˵ȥԶ鷳ĻҲֻ뵽ǰԶЩ£֮²ĻС
ⷬҲܿʶеĲף
ɩ˵
ҲԶˡ
˵˳ֶķ£Ǽ¾æ尵ǰ˺һ
ڼ䣬ֿ˲ᣬŷеıʣȻʴ˽Ը˼䡣
ִһһ飬֮ٵš
尿ŹⷬٶΪæˣֱӿʼ˻ͷ
ɩǰҽǼ˵˹˵Ҫģ
ţȷҪġٵطеᣬ΢΢ͷ
ɩҪǼ˵ʲô
ǰæھɢԸ£¾˵Ҫ˵Ҳûʣͽ˹
ˣȻͶԹҪ⼸˵ԭеˡ
ֻΣ尲ûеõĻشΪһԵͷĵ¾һ˿ڣ
ļױ¥鿴ǲ¥ƽʱ˲࣬Ҽ˵ȥܸܲһ¡
𣿡
¾Щţǰļ£еĵλﵽ˲һͬ¾ƽƽĵز
尵Уʲô£㺬塣
Ҫ˵ȥΪ˸һ¼ױвݵ⣬ôôǹµˮ׼
鵱Ȼ֪¾Ϊʲôô˵
޷Ժ˵ЧﲻԤڣ˳ᢵ
ȻԼߴ
ϵ󲢲⣬Ҳڲ¾ĺ⡣
Թڷ鼮ֻ˶٣尿϶Ļش
ȷ

ʵԼĲ²Զ尲Щʧʧ֮뵽һ⣺
Ǽ˵ʵЩһ㣬ɩǵĻЧ̫ܲãȥҼǿһģɩ͹
Ͳˣֽеһҳܾ尵ĺ⣬ֻԿѡ
ҲаɣպɩǼ˲Уͬ˵ȥɩˡ
ܾˣҲû϶ӾֻǸŵ˿Իˡ
šһΣûٲ尵ĺ⣬΢΢˵ͷʾԼ֪ˡ
˵ʱ򣬸ո뿪ʱҲ˽
֮⣬ʵ󻹸żصŵˡ
尼һ۾ϳˣ⼸ˣǡոͬ˵Ǽ˵
֮⣬мһְֱ˷
ɻʽ⼸˴鷿ʲôʱ򣬱Ǽߵ˵Ĺǰ
ūżүӵ¡
ˣ齫ҳ鷭̧֮ͷǰļˣɡ
л
˰ֱ֣ӽոտ˲һ˹
˵һ˷ɣĻһС⣬ҶѾ˲֮עˣȿǻвĵطֱҡ
˷Чʺܸߣͬ˵˸ʽ˷Ҳ̶̼յʱ䣬⼸˱ѾӰӵؽǰ˲ȫøʽ˷ܳһ顣
ոչ
鿴ģЩ½˲ᡣ
λ˷ԣæǰ˲˹ȥϸطš
ĪԼһʱ䣬λ˷Ѿе˲ῴһ飺
ĻעϸСûв׵ĵطˡ
ãԺ˲Ͷ˷
ش𲢲⣬ֻ΢΢˵ͷ
»˼˷һЩ裬ʱһ㣬˵ʱϸһ㣬Ҫʲô©
ǡλ˷æͷӦ
ܳ˲ᣬλˣ˷µģûʲôǾȥɡ
Ǹͷģϱӹ˾ľҲ֤ʵĽܹԱĻԣһ棬ġ
Ȼʱ򣬼˷϶һ˿Եϲɫ
лͣСǸˣ
˻֣˷֮ù˸ոտļ飬վԼǰļ˵
ұ˵˵ǵ⡣


41 
λ˵һ⻰, æ˾
ʵѾǹһ̸ˡ
Դ̸֮˼λÿһζǽµĻͷ
Ȼÿһ, һЩë
ҪôʲҪ˵ǵֱ, Ȼûȥд
򵥵һͷ, λ˵㲻֪ѾĹ˶ٴˡ
鷿̸λ˵Ȼǽš
Ȼոڿ˷Ĵ󷽾ٶ֮˵нŵͬʱ, ֶ˼ڴ
Ҳúð£ǲҲܵõǮ
ڼλ˵˼ʱ, Ǳ߹һ϶ۣ
λθҵĻҶѾˣһǶĲ, ǲѾûʲôˡ
һ⻰, λ˵ϵıʱ˲١
Ҫ֪⻹⼸һδӹڿ佱ۡ
Ȼ˵ǽϵıȫ, Ѿһת
ȻλôѾûʲôˣ, ȴڿһЩ
ھ⼸յĴ, ˵Ѿܹ̹ȻԹˣҲؿѯʣ
˼ǣ
ȻҪǽ, õصһЩ
˵, ִϳһ, ¿˿֮, 㿪ʼˣ
˵Ҷһд̼С㸺ɵĹ£ͷдõ̼С, Դʦѧϰɹ

ڸ֮ȴѻʵ㿷ӭȢϹ֮Ů֮ڣҶ׼ΰţ
Ȼ⣬ȴûиҶ˵ĻᣬԹԵ²ȥ
д㿷֮ɷþδ֮ԣ֮ϾѰңȴѽڻֻ֮ѡܣӵұ֮
㿷֮ǸԵģϽʵһȻȥѡ㿷ȻӺͺͷϣ
ֹⷬ
ڳжʮʱУ鿴Щľ顣
Ĺ£ֻԿͷ۾ܲµβ
Ȼڹ˵֮ҶǾȣŵ˵ͷ
µû
齫ǻһţ˫һ̯
Ҷ㿴ҿĻ࣬ܲ³ҪдʲôЩӵĿǣ²
ӦӦܰɣ
ҶȻͷҲòϹ˵ĵȷʵ
ΪͲ³£ѾҶ˵ʱˡ
ɲҶʲô飬ȥһޱĵ⣺
ãǻһܲµβĹ¸Ȥ𣿡
ᡣѾЩľҶֱҡҡͷ
ǰ˵ô࣬ȻΪ˴˵
԰ϣҪõصһЩÿóϣȻҲܹˡ
ҶȻ֪˵е˼˰Σȴֲ֪
ƾ֡
֮£Ҷֻѡ
ǲ֪Ӧòܳϣ󣿡
Ҳܼ򵥣ֻҪбˡ
ȻҶĳطˣȻûнĵ
д̼С㸺ɵĹ£Իһӽǣ̼СĽǶд
һǰⲿֿԱǺĲ֣Ҫ޸޸ˡ
д̼Сþûеȵɷң쳣ϾѰңָ޳Ϊ֮Ȼ֮¹ѡ롣
СҪ黹֮ǰõǮƣϹٽ¶޳
õǮ֮Сֱӽ⸺ɸ׵Ժ󣬽Լҵ̣úþӪвҵвҵ׳󡣡
⸺ɵӣڷ⸺ºҲѡ룬˺֮ϹΪ⸺Ʒ⣬Ǩ·
⸺ɷǨҪȥѰ̼Сԭ£ȴ̼С˳ȥʵ¶
˵棬Խ˵Խ˳ˮҲ˲ϺˣֱӽǵĽָ˸׵
̼СԼλϹ֮ŮȻܹҵԼԼɾͷϣһ
Ҷû뵽ԼֻһʣȻܹõĻش
ò˵˵£Ǵ㻹Ǻڷչ㹻˵ϣҲȷﵽ˹Сĸо
֮˵лһɲ֪ӺζĪˬС
һ
ĹҪչ˵дҶϱһ˿Ϊѣ
⡭
ôüͷ΢ʾҶʲôֱ˵
ڰźǺãЩЩ
Ҷ˵˵ţƺǲ֪ʲôĴݡ
һֱһԵûô˼ɣֱӽҶĻ˵ȥ
ɩ˵ĹȷʵȤǾһЩ
ûŮôܹɷأ
ȻӶѾ⻰˵˳ҶϵıҲͲôΪˣֱ˵롣
ĩѾϰŮƽȵ˼άҲ㷴˻ȥ
ԭİţڵõӵ֮ȡ˹Ȣӵұ֮ôͲѡ֮أ
⡭
⣬ҲֱӽҶ˸ƿԡ
ԭҶ˵ŮôܹᲢۣȻڿʱʱҶ仰ȴɤۣôҲ˵ˡ
ûĵ˶Լж㿷֮ƽƣ֮
㿷֮ƾʲôͲܹѡ֮أ
Ҷû˵ˣˣ˻ֱ֣ӽ¸
ȻҲ˵ԭǽڱ㰴Ҹո˵дˡ
дˣ²ϲ
Ҷѡһͼùı⡣
ȻȴûͬҶջس
ϲϲģ˵㣬ֻдǣ£ͲҪˡ
鶼˵ˣҶ˵ʲô
ȻֻܵͷӦǣ
ɥһ¸Ӧ
ҶĻӣ˵һдָ
ʲôƽ£ʲôֺʲôƪС߳ԼһЩϵķתֱӰѼ˵˵һһ㶵ġ
˵һ֮Ҳ֪ΪʲôдĻӿ﷦ζˡ
ϾļȣǵĻӵȷǣֵһᡣ
һλ˵дָź˽֮󣬹ǽһڸ
ֱӶϵĲ豭еĲˮһ󣬲ſѯʣ
ʲô𣿡
ûˡ˵æҡҡͷ
ոչ鶼ѾҪдʲô˵˸װף⣬Եˡ
Ȼû⣬ǾͶȥɣ¸Ѯ֮ǰд꽻ҡ
΢΢мһ£⼸һ¶Ҫд̫ʮֱ㹻ˡ
ѾϵİţλֻҪѹɣѮ¸Ѯһµʱ䣬Ӧô´ࡣ
һµʱ黹ҪѰ˼ôԼױеݺúÒ
ʱ˵ˣˣûгظ˵ӣΣ
ǡ
Ȼ϶û¶κΪѵı飬һڱӦ
Ȼʱ䲢ȣҲ㲻ϿԣλӦ󣬱æת뿪鷿ģ֪ӦǸϹȥˡ
ɩ
λ˵뿪̲ס˹һ
šѾµĹ
̧ͷ尡
ո˵Ǹ¡Щԥؿڡ
ĸ£
ո鷿һĸ˵ڽдָʱһ˵£黹治ָ֪ĵһ
Ǹ̼С㸺ɵĹ¡
尸ոһֱµڣûϸ˵ʲô
ľ̼СӦͬ룿
ȻְǣѵҪŹꣿҲԺõҲʣ
Ҳû˴𰸣˵⻰ʱǲмȻǶǿϵġ
˭֪һ⻰ϵıøˡ
һ˵˵ֻٶд֮ĵʵ뷨
ڹ̹ȻҼΪ̼СӦͬ룬һʵ¿Ľ֣尺Ѳж룺
һԺʲôԲɩ£ǡ
Ȼ߲뵽⣬һ̱¾
ʵܶˣɩ̼ǧ𣬱Ҳʵĸ
ʱ尲ŷӦԼովȻʶ˵˳
¾شͬʱ鿴ҲЩ֡
ŴʱЦЦ˫ֻۣĵһ
ԺпʼѰ˵ǣҪԼһʱ򣬰ȴûиᡣ
һֱ鷿źİʱҴҴ˽ڹǰվ΢Щࣺ
үˡ


42 
ʲôˣ鿴, Ц΢
ȻǱߵƹո˹˵ϴիΪ׵ļҴ겻֪ô£ͻȻʼ, Ȼӵⶼ˹ȥ
ûӣֱӽոյϢ˵˳
Ȼ, ǹױеһҴ, ΪλòЩʷϵ꣬ڹļױӵУ˵һĴڡ
ոսŵʱɫ, Ϊǳʲô¡
ðСͬʱ, Щɻ
۾ͽ۰ɣС»Ҫר˵һ𣿡
ڹ, ż, Լľ˵Ƿǳһˡ
ӹ񵱳˲ҲܿеλȻӵƹ, ȻҲѾʮʱˡ
Ͳţʮʱ, ƹûһ
ѲǰÿǾֽС, ƹҪһ
ΪЩҵԺ󶼻͸ܵܵԵʣЩ̶Ƚ, ÿҵ˲϶ӯ״̬
һΣû, Ȼӵƹͱˡ
Ȼ, Ļӡ֤˹Ĳ룺
ƹ˵, ҲСүģʵΪϴիǱЩ̫ƹҲЩò׼, ֮²Ųòү
˵ţ㽫ոЩϢͬ˵һ顣
Ͳò˵һеһЩϰˡ
룬ÿÿڹʱҪһ´
ѵģỻС˵ʱһֻףǻһֻ롣

һЩģǻֱӽеĴԼ̶һ顣
ڼͥٺһЩĴ˼ңὫг˹һĴһ顣
鷿еĲ豭ϵĻƿڼ
Ҳ˵ۼǮûǮ껻´ɶһǳҪĲ衣
ÿһͷβõʱ
һ굽ͷеӪգҪָͷβ⡣
Ȼһ£һЩĴ˼ҶѾʼ½½Ҵ꿪ʼ¶ˡ
Ͼ˼ңʲôҪͳһҲ⣬ÿҶҪѡʽ
յ֮󣬿ҤմҲҪһЩʱա
ҲΪʱ򣬾неֵĴ꣬۸񶼻ϸһҡ
Ȼ꣬ϴիȼҴ겻֪Ϊʲô۸ֱӸƹ˸ֲ
֪ͬн۵ʱƹĵһӦҲǸŽۣϾܷβЩⲻ
˭֪ƹ߽ۣϴիǱҲ͸һٴν˼ۡ
ػ֮ƹڲ˲ԡ
ļ۸ѾѰʱ߳ңƹҲ½ˡ
ƹĻ˵۸µ˵Ҥ﹤˵ĹǮˣɱղ
ƹԭ밴ϰߣȥҹ취
뵽֮ǰרŽ⼸̵ƹ˹ȥһСᡣ
µݱ˵⼸ҵ̶ױùȥ
ԺЩ̱㲻ٹжԼˣԺʲô£ȻҲͲȥ
˵ģɻıһ¶ƹ˼֮󣬻
ͬ˵¡
һҲ֪ƹΪλ𼱻ǵˡ
ϾβһҪɵĻȻӱ൱ûпա
ǳ꣬ܵȻڵʽѣŴ󼪡
ĵǹţ̵ƹ޷жΣƹҲ
ţ㲻뵽Ǽȴ۸սĵ̣
ϴի
ȥһϴիǸʲô
ȻҪ⣬ϴիҲͬҪ⡣
ڸ׬ǮʱŵǮҪѡ˵һǧ˰ٵķȻһ
Ҫ˵ⱳû˼ôҲŵġ
ǡæӦһ׼ȥ˵һ
ȻûʼһԵ尾Ѿ˹𰸣
ϴիʹЩϵ
ţһ⻰ֱӿһڻʲô尣ҪõϢ
ԣûȷʹйϵ
΢Ƭ̣ԺҵҪϢֱ˫һģ
ָи檣ܣ˵ܼҵĵŮϴիܼҵĲҵ
ԭ
һ⻰бһƬȻ
ǴǰΪ˱û취¾ʲôŽͷϡ
ϾӣȻҪ
뵽㲻Цһ
ŹЦҲ˲ԣ
ðɣǶԶһˣȻĵ£
˵⻰ʱҲϽˣ˸Ǻ
˵֮
ҲܲˣֱӴӵվ
ɩģ¶㲻òģȥ׵
ˣû˵һԵ¾ǿ˿ڣƺѰһЩզզģʲôӣͲҪˡ
ԭһ׼ߣӣ嵽ӸϺɴһܵ尣¾󣬱ͬһֻƤһ±
໣ðɡ
¾Ȼ˵²ҪģȻҲͲԲ֡
󿴵¾һлҪͬ鵥˵ı飬æ˸ڣŵĨͱֱӿˡ
ȵ뿪鷿Ĵʱ尲뵽ʲôȻԴ
ԭˣ
£ߵС˼ԼҵģͶȥһɻĿ⡣
ո鷿ʱ򣬻ΪʲôҪֹɩһسӣһ߳һ尲Ϊʲô
ͽֵ¶ˣûɩǰԼĻᣬȻͲˣ
֮ͨ尵ЦЦϷʵصһ
û־ȻǸɧ
ӵСȻ̫ԼҵΪʲô˵ⷬڿûм˵˼󣬱ûпѯʣֻظ
ʱ鷿УҲǡʵ¾⣺
ոʵ˵ҪһسӣүΪʲôã
Ȼ¾˵ڵĴ𰸣ȴеĲ˸ʮǧ
С£Լ
Ŷüͷ΢¾Ц⡣
Ҽոյ飬⣬ʵóȻ
֣ŪûŪɳ׾
¾ϾʱദѾԹ˴µ˽⡣
͸ոչڵ֪ϴիͬӵĹϵǸ顣
¾֪Լ񣬿Ǻ۸ָðʲôˮء
¾һûзϣҲûгϣֻһ⣺
үҾôģ
¾΢΢΢΢ĬƬ̺󣬲¿ڣ
ӱˣȻǺĵġ
Ǵʱ尻鷿ٲûᱻ¾ⷬ°ͣ
ҳĬԣƽʱ˵һҲõ֣ʲôʱʼѧƨˣ
ȻƨĹ鱾ˣϳЦȸոո֮⣬˿ûκ飺
үǲ´أ
ʵܹ£Ҳܽ¾Ҳû˹𰸡
͡
ȷոԼ¾尵ƺһɲͲĴ
Ц֮󣬹鲻˳¾ëһ
ʱǽˣһү
Ȼ⻰¾ı̱֣Ҳһ˿ŵĻȡ


43 
ԭϴիҪȻӴ۸սʱ
һ뷨ϴիĶ, ǲȻʲôᡣ
˫ܹƽ͵ؽ˵ƽЭ̣, ȻǽԴϲ
ȻϴիʹӵĹϵ󣬹̸ıе뷨
ϴիⷬٶ, ҪȻӼҵţЭʲôЭ̣
һ˴, Ҫͳȥ˴ˡ
, ֻǷְƳȥ, ˳ٳԷ
رĵ, ȥȻһˡ
, ôԹˣ
һ̣ƹ΢Щ̿֡
رڿڹֹʱϵıС
ƹС΢ģ, 鵹Ƿǳ⣺
ϴիǱߵҶѾ˵, Խûʲô, , ƹ񲻱ض񡣡
˵ͬʱֱһſȻӵĴš
ǰȻûȻӣ֮ǰ, ѾȻӵ˲ᷭ¿һ顣
ڽŲһյĹ򣬹ܹ˲ϵ, Ȼӵ߰˰ˡ
ȻӵĶΪи߶˵ĴٵĿͻСϵвͥԼ˼ҡ
һ, Ȼӵ̵Ҳܿһ
Ȼӵĵλ÷ǳȻھΪĵضΣƽʱҲΪ֡
ܹ㡣
һЩ׵֮ѰС, ȻҲ㲻жྫ
˵ڶ㣬ͶһЩƿڼ֮ྫϸĶˣͻɫϣҲܿһ¥Ķ߳һΡ
һ¥
Щ㶥СǶ¥ЩϸѰ˼ܹѵġ
㶼һ֮󣬹Ҳ˵ף
ϴիۣȷȻӰ첻С
Ĳ˵˵Ѿ𽥿ʼ˴ζѰʱһЩ
ŵʱ򣬻صѡһ֮пʱΡ
ɾʱȻ壬һйҲûУ˵ˡ
ƹҲһ˿ɬε飺
ԴϴիǰտʼۺȻеĿ˱һձһˣΪأڶûء
ƹҲļǡ
ȻȴûƹżϻƵģʳһ⣺
ڵĿӦٰɣ
Ȼѯʣӹеƶ֪ʵѾ˴𰸡
ƹȻǲҶԹ˿
ǣҲǵҤϣҲѹ˲ٴ
һ㣬Ĳܹƹ
Ͼ֮ǰƹҲ֪ϴիֳô۶ӡ
Ϊܹг׼ӭڰǰƹѾľ飬ҤпʼӰӵ
Ǳ߿滹ûƹյϴի۵جġ
ƹΪѵģǾӭ»´ɵϰףƵϵĻɫȻҲͱõѸ١
֮Уʱ˵Ĵʽһ
ǰʮ꣬ҶϲɫϲĲʴɣǰ꣬ǵϲֱɫһŵĴɫ˽ָ꣬ɫԲôӣͼƷ໨ɡ
ԵĲ˵Ȼѹģа˳ɴ໨ɡ
ǵ꣬˵ϲζЩ໨ɱֱȻУһĲֵ
ͬҲһ㣬̧ۿ˿ȻڱڵĻܣ
ڵҤϵĿһж٣
һµĻ
ƹܿ˴𰸣˵˵ţƹÿз࣬ȥ
΢΢˵ͷһ⣺
Ҥʲôطܴȥ𣿡
Ȼܹô󣬳Ϊнϴիĵڶ꣬ȻԼҤġ
ƹȻ׹ΪʲôҪȥҤ鿴˶ʮˣƹҵĻٷǵĵ
ھŲԶһׯϣ룬Сıܴȥ
У߰ɡҲ˻֣ʾƹ·
ƹ״ȻҲҵйڵһλƣԸ˼󣬱Źš
ͬƹ˵ȻӵҤȷ뾩ǳŲԶ
˳֮Ҳʻ˲ʱ㵽ˡ
Ŀĵ֮󣬹鲢ûȼȥҤȿ˿ҤΧĻ
ͬȻһҤĵλͬλһƬׯ֮ׯһξ룬ܹƽʱׯ֮ڵ˻š
ҤһߣһƬɽ֡
һ󣬹뵽ʲôָָҤׯͱƬɽ֣
ƬׯƬɽҲҵģ
ǵãԼļױ嵥֮УȷھλӵһƬׯɽ֡
ֻΪСӶԾ״ʵ˽⣬Ҳȷ
ױеĲҵʲôλá
Ļǵġ
ƹԴ˵֪һЩ飺
ԭһƬļױУǴүΪ˷պרǰׯɽͷġ
˵ƹб㲻ɶһθп
үСүΣЩڴүߵпɶŶ塣
ǰСүԴү̬ȾǶԳһ㣬Ҳǿм˽Ϊүеֵ
ֻǰЩӼү˲٣еӴѯʹ֪Сүү֮ĹϵȻƱˡ
үڿྡƹȻͬΪеˡ
⣬Ȼæذ˵źû
ǻƹⷬ˼
΢΢˵ͷԴ˱ʾͬ
㿼ǵؼΪܵ
СڱȥҤ
˵ƹոնԹ𾴣ηݣǶ˼ʵ⡣
һιûپֱܾӻ˻֣ʾƹǰ·
ȥҤ·ϣҲûǹ۲Ƭׯ
ֻǹϱȻĩҲûд
˵＾ܴũЩʲô
ΪڵԵʣͺͺһƬûκζһץϹʲôҲˡ
ֻԱ߹Ҳܴ²²ׯҲֵµЩһĲ
ڹ۲ܵĻʱƹѾҤ
ǰҤˡ
˳ƹʾķ˿һ۱㿴ǰǸ
šȻҶĴš
ӴŽȥһ۱㿴ƹЩѹĴ
֮⣬黹֣ʱҤ沢ûп𣬾ҤڹĹҲࡣ
Ҥ͵ﶼѹ˲ٴȻǱߵãСҲóȻ£Ȱѹͣˡ
ע⵽˹Ŀ⣬ƹͬš
ƹ˵ͬʱҤб߳һŴֲ̺֣׳ӡ
һƹ΢΢Щıɢ˲٣æǰ·ƹǰ
ƹôˣǲ߿Ըˣ


44 
Ŵֲ̺, ׳˽ܺͣΪڼеҤϵĹǶ
ȻӵҤ, 
ΪҵԣҤϵĹ, ҲȡĹ̶Ǯ
ѰʱЩõֵĹǮһЩ, ȻǷǳ, Ҳֻһ˵衣
ǵȵͷβ֮, ɾȫһˡ
ÿʱ, ҤϵĹΪƽʱ, ЩʱҪӰӵҹֻ⹤Ǯһ±ƽʱֹ
ȻӵȻҤɡ
ȥȻӵⲻճҲ, ɡ
ǹ, ָҤϵĹǰѹǮᡣ
ȥȻҤµĹ, ͷβæµʱ, ƽʱһǮ
ȥһٶҲֱȻҤĹǶһ
ĴԽ࣬ĴԽ, ǵĹǮŻԽࡣ
Ҫ֪ҤĹˣɶǼҼһĶ, һ˶ſڵҤϵĺǮȥ¹ء
ˣҼһڷôһ, ΪԼҵϱһ·ҤϵĹȻҲ⡣
Щǰ컹˵ҪּΣһǮûؼҹ֮Ļ
˭֪ż칦ƹȻͣˣƻе·ƺһ˲仯ΪӰ
ôܹż
, λҤ𡣡
ƹؿһûлش⣬ȿ飬һ֮󣬲תͷ

λ£ǴҤġ
Сӣ
㶣ȻŷӦǰҵС
ƽʱﶼҤմɣͬƣǲôĵġ
ȻӺȻҤԭңҲǹ˴͸Сӵױ£ҲֻԼš
ڿƹ̬ȣ֪¿ˡ
ڵ˵ȻӺȻҤڵ˭ĲҪֻҤʲôʱܿ
йģҲԥ˳
£֪¿ɷСǣǵʲôʱܸ
ΪżȻʺãô
ƹ˲أ±һ
Ҫ֪ڳжʱ򣬾Ͳһġ
˲Ҫ
æڹ֮ǰǳ
£˵
Ȼƹ񻰻û˵꣬㱻ˣ
£ȥҤ濴˵
ӹʱû׷ոյ
ʶһ㣬ƹ΢΢һ
Ļشʱʮ⡣
ʲôȥҤ濴˵
һֱ֮˵겻أ
ʱҤϵЩô죿
鼸һ۱ܹеĹǣЦЦ
ǰɣģҽҤ֮ǰһǸǲҤйˣĹǮҲշ
棿һ⻰
ϵıʱ˲٣Щš
棬㲻ңҪɣ°͡
һͷϵԥʱһɨգֱӵͷ
ãʹȥҤ
˵ֱ꣬תҤȥʾϡ

ȵǰ˼ƹſڽ˹һ
ϹѯʵĿԥƬ̣ƹ¶һ㣬ʳ룺
ո˵ʹ겻ҤϵĹǵĹǮҲͬһţ
ȻҲͷ
ǡ
϶Ļشƹʱ㲻֪˵ʲôˡ
ȻҤеĹˣҤи˼ʮϹˡ
ƹƽȻûʲôôһӸڣȻ뿴ǹʱ¹
Ҥ겻ʹȻǱߵûа취
ʱȻӺ͹ʧɲڻѹڿǮĻô򵥣ٸǹǮ
Ҹտ˿⳧ĹˣӦö˲ʱ˰ɣ
һ۱ܿƹʲô΢΢ЦЦ
ҤˣȻûйҲпͣҪǸ˹Ǯ͵ǸǵĲˡ
ԵĲ˵˵ĩ֮ǰ
⹫˾ǵˣҲ˾ԱһʹʺǲɢѣۼϾҪˡ
˵󣬼ƹıЩ΢֣ͣƬ֮󣬱ּһ䣺
ƹİɣүʲôȱΨȱǮ
˵꣬㲻ƹֱӼ
ƹʱ
ͻȻ뵽ûǰղŴӳֶķӮһٶʮһ
ȻڱֱţҲ
뵽ƹϵıʱȻˣҲӿ˲˹
ͬƹոյһûصѹҤǼҲ˸
ԭԹĻɵĹǣʱǳ׷ġ
мڵ˼󣬱ת첽뿪Ҥһ֪ǸЩ첻ҤĹ˴Ϣȥˡ
ʱ򣬹Ѿ߽Ҥ
ȻѾۼžҪˣҤҲͣˡ
ߵҤڵλã黹ܹоһԵ
ͷҤܿٴİƷ
иոɹõߣһЩѾɫ̥һЩѾϺԣʣ½ҤƵİƷ
ܹƹҤͣµЩæҤĹִҲЩִ١
ɾΪĴæִ٣ù鷢֡
Ҥˣ˾ӡ
һ㣬黹Ƿǳġ
ƽʱ߻ɹ߶Ҥ棬룬һСҲԴȥ
Ϊõ˹鹤շĳŵ̬Ⱥ˲٣¹Ҥʱʱ齲Ҥ;
˵ֲɵؼ˼䣺
֮ǰɹߣɹߣճĴǱǬҪһЩģ⼸үãɹǲ
˵棬ƺ뵽Ҥͣ״±졣
ڹ飿

ûⷬаʾ˵ƵģֻҤ˹䡣
ȻתʧܵĴ﷭һȻ󻹶ӻ˼ƬƹвСĴƬ֪Ѱʲô
ƹΪⷬٶͷˮʱ򣬱㿴վӣиոջļƬɶ˳ȥ
ֽӹݹ˲еĻҳ󣬹תͷվһԵ
ߵĵطҾȲȥˣڹúͼõʦĶ
˵õģСĻ治ֻҪ⼼õģǱˡ
һΣصĻ
ƹѡҤǿһմɵı¡
һֵģ⳧˼һճĴûƯ
ϾҪ˵մɵıϣмѧеġ
ܼҤ﹤˵ҤϽˡ
ô
ƹ˵жմɵĽ˺üͷ΢΢˶
תͷ´һ뵽ʲô
ʦΪΣ
⻰ȻΪո˵Ὣ˹ĹǮշʱһ뻹εı顣
һͷˣ޻ɡ
Ե̬ת䣬СҲܿͬ
ԡʵ⣬Ҳˬصͷ
ΪʲôЦЦµɶá
СĲ֪ġ
ǳֱӵذ˰֣
Сֻ֪
Ϊȥ˱߹أܴʤ̣ϰղܰĵعӣ
ӣ˵⻰ʱûһ˿ԥ
鶨ؿһ˼Ƭ̣ǵ˵ͷ
Уˣ
ʲôȻ֪ⷬٶΪʲôֱȴºҪ
һ̣ı֣Ҳ֤ʵ롣
ֻһʼϲûʲô飬ǹһ˿ЦĹ飬ͻȻ
ҪһⱣܣʹļ˺޶Ҳ͸¶֣ܹ𣿡


45 
ֹ, ʵΪҪóܹȻΪҪһ
Ȼĩ֮ǰ۸սսԷʽʵѾ΢Щ
ٵľ, ҲûʹùһֶΡ
ڽӹܹ˼֮ǰҲͬٴ۸սİ
Թ, Ȼٵ״ķ޷Ҳô֡
Ҫô, ͬϴիһ, ѹƷۼۡ
ķ, ƴɾͲǴȻӪϴի֮ˡ
ǻֱӽս𲨼ϴիܼԼȻӵӵ߹ϡ
Ǹʱ, ֻܼܿҪ˭Ĳۺ, ˭֧Ųȥˡ
Ȳ˵ܼҼҵ׵Σ˵ŸոմӳֶķӮصһٶʮ
ʹȥ¾˵һ֪ʼѺעıҲ׬ʮһ
ʮһȻͬһٶʮ, ҲͬһСĿ
ȻӪϴի˵, ӲһСĿ
ֻҪ, ӳֶķӮʮһ, Ҳ㹻Ͽϴի
õҲδܶҡϴիܼҵĸ
鲢
Ȳ˵鲻뽫ʮ˷ֺϡ
˵ڼ۸ս֮УŶһ𽵼һֱȽ޴İ취
رȻи߶˿ͻľƷƷƵ¡
鱾ǳԺ, û˱˽Щνе뷨ˡ
Щڼһȣ涼Գͨ˵Ĳͬ
, ķ⽨ƶȹ֮Ϊԡ
Ȼθϴիһ𽵼ۣȵ۸㹻͵ʱ, Ȼӭ
ǸʱǰЩȻӵĴȺ壬ȻҲܹѵ
ˡ
, ȻԭĿͻȺжȻֲձתƵȻƷϡ
ʱЩ˱ãͨİҲȻӵĴɼȻӵĴҲʲôƷ
˼άһγɣҪŤתɾ̫ˡ
ĩ֮ǰŮԸʡԼһ۵Ĵư
ƽԡԼ۱ȡǡƽۡƵƷƣżȻһ΢µ۸ȴȽϸ߰Ʒʱ
ƷƵĿͻȺ˵һ䣺
˰ɣҶǳұˣ۸һȥĳĳƣ
һԿһƷƵĶλжôҪ
ȻӵĵΣԸϴիһ𽵼۵ΪȻȡ
ȻۣܽҪƾֻ֣ѡһˣ
Ʒ
ѡƷʱҲͬ
ƷҪ㹻ϡ棬ͬʱҲҪ㹻£ѹѾڼ۸ռݾƵϴի
Ϊÿ껻´ɵϰףʵѾﵽ¯ĵز
Զ˵ҪôһƷƾ֣һΪѵ¡
ڴĩ˲ٿƼʱµĸ߿ƼĹ˵ȴ׶԰һ򵥡
˵ĩ֮ǰ䳣ǿԳƵ۵һƷ

ͨƷҲвƵĵط
ֻΪƵ¶ҪߣƼȽĳҪﵽҪ¶ȽϽΪѣԲֵʱŻմꡣ
ɲ߻¶ȣǽƲҪ¶ȣڹ˵ʲôѵ¡
뵽Ʒʱ򣬹Ҳû룬
ѡ첣
Ȼ֪ĶǲӹʱԼܹƷҪԡ
ڶϹıʱҲûͷ
һܷģСĿ
õĳŵû˵ǶվԼİ˻֡
״ֱǰһӶͳֽݵǰ
ȵֽֽ˹ȥ󣬲ſڽͣ
ˣȽϽΪ˷ֹԺΪͻ㽫Լһû⣬ǩ֡
ĩĩ֮ǰҲһҵ۹
Ϊһϸˣ˭׺ͬҪԡ
ɺ;˵컨׹ǩº֮ͬǰһжǿ̸
˲ΪȱٺͬԿĹ飬ȻὫϣһãĳŵԼ֪֮ϡ
ȻȥȻ֮ǰҪŲƾ֣ȻҲ뵽ڲƹеı⡣
ڳ֮ǰѾⶨһ顣
ŹĽҲе飬ϸĶ
Ȼ㸻ԣҲǹƶСʱҲϹѧãѧ֪ʶġ
ȻѧʲУʶֵġ
Լô׻дģˣֻҪʶֵˣܹҲ⡣
Լһ֮㷢֣ݲ࣬޷Լ¼㣺
һ齫췽̸ȻڵĽˣвµĽ˶ҪԲ췽ܡ
ڶδ£й¶췽첣ҪԭϣԼ̡
δ
£κκʱκεص㣬˽Խκ벣йصĳƷƷ
ģǶϵΥҪеӦΡ
ȻҤеΥԼҪеΣҲԼע
ΣɷᵽΥԼĺжΥԼҪ
һ鷢ֲ췽йҪȻҤейˣҪеǧΥԼÿһ
ΪؼģΥԼƶȲȡơ
Ҳ˵һйܣ鲻ȥйܵ˭Ҳȥ׷й˶ݡ
ҪģȻҤей˽⡣
ԭûдΥԼˣڿЩΥԼ⳥ʱҲһ¡
Լ֮󣬱þû˵һ˿ڣ
ȻǾòܽܣҲȥˡ
СҲǲܽܣеԼơ
ô
ЦЦֱӽû˵ڵĻȥ
ûиڵĻᣬ˴𰸣
ֻзĳɱԽǷĿԲԽСƶȣ޷ѡ˵ʱӽԺҲǴһල
ܹɹҪȻҤͱҪǩԼ
һǶ룬ֻҪʵʵزйܣôͷأ֪ʲôϵأ
ò˵һ仰˵ֱ˵Ŀϡ
ΪԼ֮УдΥԼ֮ĳͷҲдԼĽ
Լ֮УÿµĹǮǰһÿÿ»ļڡ
Ϊڹ
ԼУݶƣǰȻҤʮһı
ҤۣЩڲܹùǺúϢиʱȥǵļˡ
֮⣬Լϻ˵ˡ
ҪҪ׬һЩԷϢʱ䣬ϢʱϹԵõƽʡ
֮⣬Ҳжļڪš
ǰȻҤҲҪ³ĴĿʽܵġ
ͬǱܣԼԸһЩ
ΥԼ֮غ
Ǿ仰Ҳû˵ֻҪû˷ΥԼͷأʲôϵأ
뵽ֱӵͷ
ã
𰸲⡣
ȵԼ֮ǩְָӡ֮󣬹Ŵӻнһţд˲췽ֽ˳
Ҷ˵ģԹɫΪҪı֮һ
Ų췽˿أҪ֪ǩô̵Լ
巽Ȼʲô˾Ϳһȡġ
ڹóԼͬʱһֱһԵƹ񪾰ˣҲתȻ˳Ҥ
ڹҤ֮ͬⲣ췽ʱӸ鷿֮УҲмȻӵ֡


46 
Ȼȴ˼۸ս, ԼϴիȻɶȻӵĹ۲졣
ƹǰȥϢӸϺűѾյϢ
ŵȻӣֱֳ֮ȻҤȥһٶ, ȻҲûӹЩ˵˫ۡ
Źһϵег̻㱨ʱʱڴӸ鷿һλɫµЩǵؿڣ
ӵ, ȥȻӣȥȻҤ, Ѿ뵽ʲôӦԵķ˰ɣ
˵˽ïȻ, ܼҵĶү, ͬʱҲǴӸλ檵İ, ڹܼҵĴ⡣
ϴի, ڱλܶү
飿һǶԹĲм, Ǹݰ, ʲô취
ݰïȻЩ⡣
ûнïȻɻ˼, һԵĻʱ˿ڣ
ܹǵʱ䲻, ²֪ڳ֮ǰྩӵܡ
ïȻֲɵ, Ȼ֪ӵܲʲôõۡ
һ뵽˵ġݰһΣжԹһµӡ
ȻïȻ֪һ, ô֮ΨһܷĻӣᱻָһݰΪޡ
ïȻ֪, Щʱ򣬲ʲôֱʳġ
ͷԴҲвСĺô
Ȼ˵, ǲҲͷˡ
ǵĻƺҲïȻ֤ʵ˹Ǹݰʵ
ǵĻУïȻ֪鵽ȻҤҤС죬ҤĹ½һʲô
ֻΪƬׯǹĲҵܼҺʹӵҲÿ
Զڹͬǹ
˵ʲôҲ޴ӵ֪
ȻԼ˺ƹһ뿪ȻҤ
ȵ뿪ʱȻҤɺһģһҲûҪ𸴹ļ
뿪Ҥ֮󣬹ֻصȻӿ˿
ƺǱȻӴʱſȸģ̼ˣҲûȻͣãת뿪ˡ
뿪֮ǰƺ˸ͷѵƹһ
ƹǲ֮ˣ֮ͥ»˸Ѫͷ
صû˶
ȻǸݰһǲΪȻ˰ɣ
仰ȻǶһԵïȻ˵ġ
㵽֣ïȻشλվɹ˹֣
˵ǣʲŵȷǲˡ
ɻ˻֣ǴȵرʾïȻСƽϡ
ⷬݵĽ̸֮ɻïȻֻǷԸµ˼ȻǱߵֱӽյЩٶԺ
ϾУȻӹѾ˰϶£ֻʱѣʵǲֵٶӷġ
һߣ
һţ㿴ںȲ¾ü
ˣǱ˳𣿡
ԭȻǱ߳⣬¾Ǵ͹һȥġ
˭֪ǻûţ¾ǰ˵ӡˢ˽չ
˵ֲòп˵Чˡ
ͬ¾˵ӡˢڲŹȥ죿
¾ѡҺˣѾʼоڻشĽչ
ȻһȣȻǻӡˢҪ
¾㲻ò
·ԼȥȻӣ¾ȥӡˢĽչ
ӡˢǹṩĵӣڿ¾ȻҪһʽչġ
еҪ˳࣬¾Ҳû˿ص˼ִһù˼ֽԼһСḷ̌
ֱǰߵ¾ԵλĿת¾óĶϡ
Ǽֽϣֱӡżֵͬ˳ȴȫͬľӡ
ǸСľ棬ذڷżСľ飬ÿ鶼Ƕĸ塣
ȻǰûмʵҲһ۱㿴ľ֡
ֲŪһСľеǼľ֣Щ⣺
żĹ򣬾ȻѾˣү»˲żüð
ȣ¾ؿһҪϹ꾡
ȻԻӡˢ˽ޣ¾ϢҲЩģ
ͬ˵Ǿ仰ҵר
Щ¾ЩģĻЩʮꡢʮʮĹУȴǻȻʵĵ㲦֮
ⲻֻǼĹ򣬹ǱѾоôһС͵ģߡ
ҲҪүµܸɲС
˻֣ûȫԼϣǰСģߣ̹һ⣺
ʲôʱͶʹã
һ˵¾һ˿΢΢Ļȱ΢Щ
»Ҫһҡ
һңҲˣ΢΢ͷϵı⣬ǱеҪһЩ
ϾȻҵˣ٣Ҫ̳һ׻ģ壬Ͳһ׵ˡ
˵һֻֻһģ壬Щõ
Ҫ׼ϼʮܹá
ڼ仹Ҫĵ⣬һС̡
һµʱ䣬ȷѾЩϵĿˡ
ĿڻģϵĹ鲢ûз֣ͷ˲䣬¾һ˿Ȼɢ
˵˻ӡˢ¾㲻뵽˹ŵԭ
ǱأȻӵΣ
ⲻ󣬱еҪһЩ
˵Ȼӣ뵽ʲôϳһ˿ζЦݡ
Ϥ˿ڵı飬֪Ҫʼڿˡ
¾Ȼ׹ʱЦζʲôȴҲ˴µĲ²⣺
Ҫæô
⻹һҪүæ鴽ǹ˹һҲûͬ¾˼ֻ¿Ҫʵȥ졣
Ŷʲô£
¾ԭΪֵĻȣʵܡһ˲䣬㱻ƽ˲٣Ҳոǰˡ
¾¶һЦݣŻڣ
ϱҪˣʹĴӦҲҪһ˰ɣʵܽ
¾һ⻰֪Ϊʲô˵Ҫȥˡ
¾бȨգͼΪУһһȫĿ֮¡
껻´£˵󲻴˵СС
¾ȥ˵Ҫ£ٲûᱻ֮һ
½ȥȫһˡ
ͬ¾ĹϵȻãڲУĸ塣
ټƽʱٹ£һвҲûΡ
ȥ˵Ҫ´ɵ½ҲֻΪһʱѪ
ټֻǻѣҲӰ첻ʲôС˵ҲֻǻʼԼ¡
˻ҲͿˡ
֪ģҲֻΪǼԼɩս˥żҪһ»ɩȼü֮
Щ˽ģҲָʾֻҪ¾ԼԳ棬Ҳ˴ŵС¡
¾ֻ뽫Ȼӵʹ
ȻЩϣϾʺ͸ǣõƷҪϸѡͶԱ֮󣬲ö
⹬Ҫõģֲǹǡ
Ů̫ǣҲͬҪ
ЩõƷȻҲͲеˣȻӣ
뵽¾Ҳʲô£
Ժֹȥʵܴš
һ¾ı飬ܹµ¾ʲôֻ΢΢ЦЦû˵
ҵʵܽ¸֮¾֪ʲôˡ


47 
¾İЧܸ, Ҫĵ죬尴Ϣ
ǹҪʱ׼¸
Ȼû尿ʼж, 㱻˵ٵϼ졣
ΪʲôЩ, ֲǶѵ£ҪĲֲɣ
Դ, Ļشǣ
һ, ϴիʹô󹦷ڿ, Ƕ˼죿
ȻԹǸ, 尳ֱ̬ȡ
ӹµķ, Ҳ֪ÿһ£Ȼĵ
ڼȻ鲻˵, Ҳûȥɰʵ׵˼
ɩ, ֱӸ߳, ٽȥҸʡ
˵֮, 就һɵؿŹ飬ιܹµķݶϣļƻ͸¶֡
ȻֻЦеؿһ, ֱתˡ
֮󣬹ͬһ, ֱȻӶȥ
ϴիڵ׼ԼƷȻڵļ۸ϴի˵, ɸôһɡ
Զ׼ʱȻſȸûκο˹ˡ
, ͬһ㣬ֽƹһ
ƹα⣬ɽȻⲻһƵƹϡ
ǻﻰ˼ڳƹܡ
ĪԼһĹ󣬹ڷйͷĲת뿪Ȼӡ
ƹΪһٶɫ࣬˺ðζûܻ
뿪Ȼ֮󣬹ֱȻҤȥ
Ҥ֮󣬹г˵ЩʲôȻȻҤй˹䡣

ܼͬҵȻȻҤзʲô´ĲУȴܹԼȻҤ֮Ҳ˺ôһͨ
ҤĹ¶һ˵Ҥһ˲ٴ
ȵҤгʱɻһ˿ŭݡ
һֱ˺üա
⼸գǴõļ졣
ÿµ˻ȻʲôµʱɵϱֹסЦ⡣
ܿŭˡ
ɶԼǰð̵Ȳ裬ᴵ˴һں󣬲ĺõؽΪһ
һԵïȻ̲סе
Ҳܹܣ
˭֪˻һǴӻǶӣĻӣ϶һ˿ᳰ
󣬻ƽڸ͵Ķ˿ڣ
ܹܣʵܰǸ޳ĸ߹ڿʲôӶ֪ɡ
˻һ鷿ڱһЦͬʱĻǵͬ
˵û
Ƕ¿ͨ͸

˭ïȻ⻰ϵ󷴶ˣ
⴫š
˵ǸţïȻ˵꣬ɱһϣǸµĹ⴫µİˡ
ڽЩ˵¾͹ɪǳĴţɿ˵һֶš
˲֪¾ʲôӣЩֵܻ֪ܲ
Сһһ˭ϵӡ
ҲûûƤϲȥƨɵ˲ܵˡ
¾͹
̫߳ŶȸһЩ
ïȻ֮ģһ
ʯͷҲ˵أ
ɵʱïȻһһֱû˵¼¡
ƶԹԮ֣ïȻǳ׷ġ
Ȼɵ˶Թڵⷬٶʱһ˴˽
˵
ԼɳȥרŶȻӵˣĺõ°͡
ӵ£ȻǱµľٶˡ
ŶʲôЩģȻɲûнȻӵ¾ٶС
ǽˣֱһԽһɰ룡
һɰ롣
Ȼӽ֮ǰϴիļ۸ҲֻȻӵһɣҲ˵Ȼӵļ۸ѾҪϴիļ۸Ҫˡ
Ҳܿʶһ㣬˲һ˿㵣۾ǰˣ
ˣôܣ˭⣿
شӵµĻȷǽˣȻƹ⡣æͷԼ֪˵˳
ƹôͻȻ
ϴիͬȻӲֹһΣԶƹˣïȻǱȽ˽ġ
ˣȻܲȴΪأٻʲôðյľٶ
һϴի䷢ļ۸սܿ
ʹȻѾſȸĵزƹûϴիһƴ׵
ƹͻȻ۵ľٶһʲôԸ⡣
˽˵ĻǡҲӡ֤ïȻĲ룺
ƹҲͻȻģ˵ճƹʱԽԽҲԽ˵Խƹ񱾾Щܲסˣ˵
˵ʲôïȻüʾ˼˵
˵һǰӴƹµģƹҲ
븺ҪǵβЩѹڵûȥƹԼǮЩ¡
㽫չȻ˵Ļһ顣
ïȻЦһ
ԼǮƹ³Ǯɣ
ܹ˵ûƹ˵ǮͲֻ࣬ﵽܹڵĵزܹõóôһǮΪôõµķݶϣŹһ
æͷ淢˵˳
ϣ˵ǰƹǸ˴£кιϵƹҪôȥҪôԼǮ¡
¼˵ʮˣïȻҲȥ
ƹͲǮֻ취ȥǱ齵ۣ
ǡ˵ͷʾïȻĲûд
˵ïȻˣïȻĸףܼҵļҲ׳ܼϵƹǡ
Ҫ֪Щƹǲǰǹô򵥣ܶʱеĻԴ򣬾ӪʽҪЩƹġ
һƹϳ˾ḻƹ񣬿˵ǿ
Ȼľֱӽ˵ˣ
ԾïȻʱҲûסһ䣺
Ȼݰ
ΣɿЦïȻֱӳѯʣôǽۣȻѿȫȥ
һӵµصģ˭ïȻֻ΢΢ЦҡҡͷϴիҲٴνۡ
ٽ˫ۣЩ⡣
Ȼ̼֮Ϥƹǽۣ󲻸ٽľٶҲܲ²½ۣ»ֱӿ

ǹڹ֣ƹڳɱĿһֱ۸ߡ
ȻȻһһɰ£ϴիȻۣܽ
ïȻȻܹʲôֻ΢΢ЦЦ
ģĳ
ïȻȻҲȥٴνȻҲǾ˼ǵġ
Ȳ˵ܼӵһմطմɵĳɱͱҤӵٽμ۸Ҳ
˵ܹÿһļ۸һȻӣҲֵõġ
ϾȻھдĵλǽϴի
ϴիܹһ̲Ժб˿Զҡϴիڴⷽĵλˡ
ȷԼһ޶ĵλȥ̲Ĵꡣ
ֱռĴ⣬Ҳָտɴ
ⷬٶռгͬʱܸӻȡӵΣܼڴеĵλ
ôһʱĿʲô
ɼïȻҲ˵ʲôֱïȻԼ
ǽʱеİǱ㿴ϴիȻֻôһͨ֡
Ͼͷβˣе´ҲҪ׼ȻҲͶŴļ۸䶯ע
ǰϴիȻ˫˫۵£еİҲ
Ȼͣ˻𣬱ΪҲ͸һˡ
˭֪⼸ȥⳡϷȻ
ȻӺϴիȻֿʼ˫˫ˣ
һΣͣȻеĶ
еİ⼸켸ÿһᷢȻӻϴիļ۸µĽ͡
ÿΪļ۸Ѿ͵ʱȻӺϴիʵжǣ
ˣǻܽ
ǰЩȻûжʱЩΪ۸Ѿﵽͣ˴Ȼ׷Ī
Щûüġ
ȻҲʼ˹״̬Ҫļ۸񵽵ܹ͵ʲôز
ȻӺϴիĻȣеİǿϷ°Ȼʱ
ûע⵽ϲܵ尣֪ʲôʱ߽˻ʹĴš
ȵɺïȻ֪Ϣʱ尲ѾӹгˣԼһСĲ¡


48 
ڴĲ򣿡Ϣʱ, ɻ󣬡ʵܰ¶ʲô
ĪҪڻǰһ
ӸϵĻҲ̲ס尵ⷬٶƲ⡣
Ȼ˵ŸոͱһĻŷ˻ȥ
Ӧò, ڻǰһֻôһ޹ؽҪĲ¡
˵, ̱õĻŵͬ
һ, ֲ, ǹǸ, Щʱ, ǹĹǸ
һ, ȥôһӦ˸Ĳ£ôôҲΪԼֵģ
ʱֻص㣺
ͻȻΪʲô
ʱ, ԼĲ룺
᲻, ҪȻڵ
ĻŻ˲², ΪȻӵӵȷǲù
۰, Щȫѹ˵
۰ɣ۸ǵͲϴի
˵ҲܿõĻŵͬ
, Ͼãڻ취ȼü֮, Ҳ֮е¡
һƺҲܹǰȻҤͻȻˡ
ǵġ
һ֮ǰ, ȻҤѾ¿𸴹
ͬûӹЩһֱǵĴӸ۾
ȻҤĵ죬ӸϵЩĻűѾһ۹һΡ
ΪȻӻƹѾ뵽ʲôµӦԷïȻ˺ǽһ
һȥ, ïȻ˷Ȼӳ˸ϴի⣬ûľٶ
ȻҤǹµûٽ¸
ϡ
˭֪һȥˣïȻеǿոȥ͵õôһϢ
ѹȻҤͻȻԭѾ뵽˽İ취
ʶһģïȻɫʱѿáࡱݡ
֪ӽڴ¸֮ïȻбѾ˲ԤС
ЩĻŶ˵Ӵ˾Ϊʱ
ïȻȻ뵽˵ǴӻĻӣĻš
ĵظ¾Բֵκ顣
ʵȴ˵Ļȫ෴
˭֪½ãûµʾ⣬ôͻȻʩԮ֣
ȻǴǶӻĻӣݶïȻ֮ϣïȻʱҲʲô
һĻţҲ뵽⣬ֱʣ
֮ûκθ飬Ӵ˾٣ƺϳ
Ҳûʲôϳġ
Ա̱һĻŷ⻰
ٲǷޣҲǰųֵİɣϾ˵Ҳֵ̧̧¡
˶˵ʾͬ
ûϾµ˼Ī⣬µҲ
ʱΪؼһ⣺
ӽ˹ڴ¶Ϊ˽Ȼµȼü֮ϴի£
˻һ鷿ڱƬ̼ž
ոջڸ㼺ĻǶ׷ױ졣
Ϊʱ뵽һ⣺
Ȼ֮ԻڵȫΪӺϴի֡
ͬǸո²ǰ㣬Ǵӵµд㲻˿գ

ĻƳ鷿λһۣȻִʱӵɫܶٺ϶١
ϤӵĻһӴʱɫ֪ǰס
һĻ㿴ңҿ㣬һʱ侹Ȼҿ˵Լһû˵ԣֱײ˴ӵǹ֮ϡ
ĻԵʱͻȻ߽һˣڵѹֵա
˽ʱ򣬲ĻŶһٲԴӷ·Ҫ˵Ŀ⡣
ȻĻǵûȫȥ㷢֣ĲǱˣǱȥרŶȻӶİ͡
ӱΪոյõϢ˼£ʱǻϽ
ʲô
ͬĻǰ㣬ɿŰ͵û˿¶ȣͺҪ˵ʲôϢðͺÿ
Ȼ˭Ҳû뵽£;ȻܸǴһϢ
شӵµĻӸոպȻһִС
ʲôϵŭûȫɢȥһ˿㵡
ִͬΪʲôҲЩϣæѯʡ
Ϊλʹ¡
æ˴𰸣
ӵ´ӻʹ֮󣬱ֱȥȻӣʱǡҲڣֱ֮ʹҪٴûлش⣬Ȼӵļ۸ܲٽһɡ
ֹ̱סеɻˣ
ۣһɣΪʲô
Ҫ֪Ȼӻϴիڵļ۸񼸺Ѿ͵㡣
ȻӺϴիĴûȣϸ۲죬ܷȻӻϴի콵
ȶԽԽСˡ
ļգҵ̻һһ½˺ͱ˰ɰ½տʼҵֻ̱ԭĻٽ͸㼸ˡ
еԭĻȻҲïȻõ˴𰸡
Ϊ쿪ʼ۸Ѿ˳ɱ۸֮ϣ½ۣǽԽ࣬Խࡣ
ӼȻΪȻӲ¹ڵĴ֮£㲻֪ܲһ㡣
֪ӻȻӽۣһſڱһɣЩͷˡ
˵ֱӽĻе
µҪʱȻǲϵģ˵۸ٽˣȴ˵ϽۣǹεĴľͲȻӵˡ
Դ˺в˵Ҫȥ±ֱ˵ʵ顣
˵ʥѾ֪꾩еĴ궼Ҫ˵ˣȥʥҪµʱʥϱ˵һ飬°µʱҪµĻ
¾ʥⷬ˼ھѡһҼ۸Ϊ˵Ĵ꣬ȻȻӵļ۸ɱϴիϰɣ²ۣûа취ʥϽ
ʹ˻һĻǶʱȻ
ӽвĲ½Σ
滹һʥأ
ʥ϶Ѿھѡ۸Ϊ˵Ĵ꣬ӻּܿ𲻳ɣ
Ǳ߰ͻ䣬ïȻ̲ס̳ѯʣ
أӦ𣿡
ҲïȻ˼УϾ⣬Ҳͬغϴի
Ҫ֪յĽС˵ϴիȻ֮۸սӮ⡣
˵һˡ
ӽµʲô

дĲ
Ҫ֪ʲôƷһմˡʹ֣ϰθһΡ
˭ҵĶ˻ʹȻȻظͬһȡ
ïȻԭΪȻӵĴʹѾ˰϶֮£Ѿˡ
Ȼ͵˼ïȻ㷢֣²ûתأʱ˼
һʱ䣬ïȻ޹ģϵŹǧҪסǰЩӵĲݰͷԣֻܿǰ棬ǧҪӦ尵Ҫ
ïȻֻ΢΢ҡҡͷ˵ǸïȻΪĴ𰸣
ûУ˵¾ҪռȻӵıˣ˵½Ʊ磬ֱӽ¸ϳȻӡ


49 
õ͵Ļش, ïȻԭѾؼһС١
ƽһΣïȻ˸мֵ޴
Ƕ̶̼˲䣬ïȻԺбѾð뷨
Щ뷨, ˼ȴʼֻһ
ǱһҪ취ѡϴի
Ȼʱ뷨, ֻïȻһ
ȻԸ⽵ۣҪ䵽ϴիͷϣ
Ӳ˵𣿼۵ߵãȻӲԸٽ, Ȼѡϴի
Ļƶķ, ïȻ˼ѾƮ, ϵϲôҲƲס, Ȼȴûн˵
²ʲô׵, Ͼ˷ӵΪȻӲŻὫ£ӦûǻѡȻӡ
ܶӴԲӣµȷΪȻӲŻ, ʥ϶Ѿ˻, ѡļҵĴ, Ҳܹġ
ǰ, ºôǸӣ˳ԲѷҲ, ܶӲ˵ġ
ûƽô, Ҳôǻӣ, ʲôʱָűָ
ѾΪյⷬٶԹ˰ɣ
ԭлЩȷïȻһ, ڰ
ֻïȻҲ벻жԹԵӵ£鷿˷ܵϴ
ɩܸոǳϷݵĲɣ
˵⻰ʱ˷ܣҲǿõ佱Ρ
ͬ͹ģһ˿Թģ
尣˿ûԼ

ݵĲƹݵĻҪ棡
˭֪ոһֱ׷ŹҪ佱尷Щ˼
ɩ⻰Щˣƹ˵ܻǲһЩġ
ǫˣӣСĵȷҪѷɫࡣ
վһԵƹԣæţЦеģһ˿ǰ̾ԹʮӰӣ
ͬЦػ˻֣
ƹ⻰ǿˣӦƹѧϰǡ
˾عά˺һ˸Եı
֮ͣ就ȲתͷǰĹ飺
ɩ׼ô
Ҳû룬ֱ³֣
ۡ
ۣ尵˵۾
ȻҪ
鴽Ϲ˹¶һ˿ζЦݣ
ϾȻҤǰձѾˣۣܽһʹأ
Ҫ֪뷨˵Źڵһ
˵ǰЩ죬尻ɻΪʲô򸸻Ҫ깬дĲȨ
Ǿ˹ôıݣҲٿһЩߡ
۵ɩڸܼҺϴիأ
ܼҺĴ֣ȫȻһڹģΪԼѾȫ֡
ɾ֪Ĵ㣬Щģ
ϴիǱ߻Ϲ𣿡
һ¿Ծܷģϴիһ˳ڵĿġ
û˵ƹЦеظ尴𰸡
üͷ΢Щ⣺
ŶƹΪλƶ
Ͼŵģǹ
ĲȨ
ƹ˰뱲ƹû˱ܹƷ빬ʲôĸ
ڹȥнĲȨµһ̣ϴիܼңעֻܱǣűߡ
ȻеЩ뷨˽⣬ʱƹƶģҲԼһ
ʱеĵǣĵظڹϷ
ǵ˵ڶգïȻ־νʹµʱ򣬱ֵµ˴جģ
˵ʲôȻǱͬ⽵ˣ
ïȻ㱨Ϣģϴիƹţ
ǵĶүȻǱֱӽһɡ
˵ٽ𣿡ïȻЩš
õµȥȻӴһ£˵ΪȻҤǱ߸֮ҹƳ˲ٴŻѡЭ
˵ƹɫͬЩѿ
үô죿
ïȻҲ룬˴𰸣
ǽۣôҲۣܽһ𣿰ϴիļ۸Ҳѹһɣ
ڵļ۸ѾûκˣٽҪˡƹɫԼӡ
ʹǱ⣬ʲôֻҪ˹׬Ǯ
ïȻҧҧն˵һ֣

ƹ˼Ƭ̣ҲïȻ˵еæ˵ͷ
ǣ
ƹïȻˣתҴȥˣһ֪ȥ֪ͨˡ
ȻïȻƹ񣬶û뵽һν۲ǽһֽ۵Ŀʼ
ǾпֵİǱ㷢֣ʷһν
ݡ
ԭ۸ѾƽȻϴիͻȻֿʼ˵ڶҵĽۡ
֣ҵ̵ڶֽƺȵһָӼңƺʲô
ֻǻûЩ˷еĹɣ㷢ֵڶֵĽۣҲеĸѸ١
̶ֻʱ䣬ڶֵĽ۱ͣ
һΣֹͣսģȻӡ
һ󣬲вٿֵİն̲סԼĿ
ȻӻǲаһҲİɣ
ôϴիܴһЩ
ϾϴիǱܼңʵۺһЩҲ
˵Ҳǣ˵ȻӺϴիΪʲô˰
Ķֻ֪֪Ҽʣ˲Ǯ
ٺٺ٣ûҼҲʡ˲٣

ڰǶ۷׷׵ʱΪµ֮һϴիĶ¥ʱոࡣ
ھ켤ҵļ۸֮ϴիӭӡ
ïȻ˵ʱûϳڣæϵϴի
ȵϴիİïȻһֲʵĸо
ֱ尷ԼǰĶ嵥֮ïȻһֳ䶨֮С
Ȼϴիļ۸Ѿ˳ɱ۵һ룬ֻҪǩԼôïȻУһжֵõġ
ڿǰһԼ֮ʱïȻûϸȥĶҪǩԼ֡
ȻŸս㱻һԵ尸ֹˣ

¿ɻʲô⣿ïȻΪǳʲôʱһ
ܶӲؽţֻЩ飬
Ҫǰܶ˵
˵Ĳ尣վߵĳ棬硣
ïȻæ繰˹֣
λ˵
ܶҪ֪Ҫ빬еġȻࡣ
ïȻæͷȻ֪ҪͽģҲὫ۸񽵵ز
ǣ֪
мǳʲô飬ϴի뽫ʱ£κӡ
˫ۣǾ棺
ϴիܰʱܶӿ
ïȻҲûͷһϴի˵ѣ
һ㻹·ģϴիضᰴʱ
Ǳˡ
΢΢˵ͷֶ̧ïȻһ롱ĶʾԼǩˡ
ïȻ״мʲôʣҲ̧Լǩ֣˳ܼҵ˽ºӡ
Լһʽݣϴիһݣһݣٸһݡ
ǩԼ֮尷ǳˬر㽫Լõһ붨𽻸ïȻ
нӹһ̣ïȻǳ׷ģһ˿ϲһ
ȻïȻеϲòŸո𣬱һԴһ˿Цɤ
ܶǰɣ
ïȻ̧ۣ尴ʱ˫ۣв֪ΪΣͻȻһֹľ֮С
ïȥϸԼɹĸоӺζ֮ʱѾЦЦɤ
ɩܶӴ仰лܶЩĿҡ
ò˵һûͷûβĻֱïȻһ
ïȻǴȻ֪Ϊʲô˵Ļ
ʱеǣܹЩżƫ
ʶһģïȻʶҪſ尡
ȻôïȻɽأ
˵ոǾ仰֮ѾʩʩȻλվת뿪ϴիİᡣ
һֱߵ磬µĲͣƬ̣
ܶӿɱԼĳŵʱ
һľ棬ֱӸ尵ĲֻïȻıӰ
ʱïȻҪûе쳣ǾĴˣ
⻰˼˵ϴիܰʱ
⡭СĲ֪£ƹ˵
֪ȥ飿ѵԵ޹ʵ˵⻰ɣ
ïȻҶ尷ѵҶƹƢ
ƹȻҵ󣬵תȥѰԭ
ԭƹΪֺͷҪһЩ
ôҲû뵽ĽչԶеҪ˳ࡣ
ƹ񷭿ϴիЩ˱0һ̣Ѿҵ˴𰸣
ӡⶩ̫ԡ
Դϴիʼ֮󣬵¡
˵ЩŽ۽һɢͻЩһԶϳɰټĴ˼Ҳ١
ƹһֱΪЩ충࣬ǽ֮ȻȻ侲֮·ЩƹŲ˲ԡ
ԣﲻԣ
ïȻһ⻰ҲһֱǰƹǰĶʼɿطš
ÿһŶ棬дԼԼõļ۸
ڿЩĵһۣïȻ˲ԣ
Щļ۸񣬵͵
ЩˣҪǰļ۸Խ࣬ϴիͻԽ࣡
ȻïȻҲЩ۸Ҳȷİ嶨µġ
뵽ïȻֻǿԼ侲½ӷƹǰ
㣡㣬ЩȫϴիҪ٣
ǣ
ƹͷæһԽ˳ʼŶϵĿɿز顣
Խ㣬ƹֱƲסؿʼ
վһԵïȻ˫ҲضƹеĶ
һʱ䣬ֻʣ̲Ū
˺һֹïȻҲȷһϴիľ
ʮǧİٶʮһ
⻹ûոµһҪʹĴ
뵽ïȻֻһתǰһں󣬱ʱʧȥʶ


50 
ϴի԰۸սû, עҵ̶ȻҲ١
ǰŴϴի߳
ϴիͻʹ±Ѿ˾ǵÿһ䡣
ʣïȻεϢȻҲûӹྩǰȺڵ۾
ϢͬҲĶĿ
εˣüͷ΢, Цһܶӳа
Ϊϵ˸ڱ, Եŷڱ汻˶ܲҲ
һԸո㱨ԼյսѵðïȻ˵һû, ֻ, ôô˾ֻ
ǾȻҵ˳, ⼸쿴尵ʱǸ, ǽһС˵־
ֱ, Ҫǹ˼Źļƻ´ݾߣٲûǸ䳰ȷһ
֪尸ոϴիïȻ˵Ǿ䡰лܶЩĿҡʱ, жʹ졣
뵽˸ոʱ, ˵ϴիïȻ֮, ֱӱл, һʱĴʢ
ϴիε׿˶٣ܰïȻӣ
ԭֻһʣϾУͨ, Ҳ֪ϴիڲ¡
˭֪˲ֶ˶٣赭д³һ֣
, ʮ°ɡ
尸һڲ軹ûüʣһ, ֱӱǺ˸ţ
ۿȿȡ٣
ҪϽ㶨µعơʮ
°ͣƽ¹һ֡
尽ϴիµһ, һǧ
£
ϴիʶ⣬Ҳܸߴʮ¡
ͻҪͽʹġ
Ʒһ΢һ覴öС
Ҫˣձ׼ȻҲߣôƷĺϸȻȻ½
˵Ĵճʮ¾ŸʹģճʮܹµĻֻ͡
һʮģҲһҲˡ
Ȼôࣿ尣Ҳ־һ£Ȼ뵽һ⣬ȻЩӣӦҲյ˲ٶɣ
ǲ١΢΢ͷ
Ȼأ˶٣
⻰ʱ尵ĶڲЩĻش
Ͼ尵Ĺ۲ԣϴիЩȷͥУȻӵͬҲ
ʹǱϴիʮȻӦҲ̫ɣ
Ȼû뵽ǣĻشȴϡ
ȻӰЦظһ飬һ˿٬ûЩС׬
ʲôգգ˫ۣЩԼǲˡ
Ŷ¾ʱҲûסͶȥһɻĿ⣬ʲô
ҿɲϲ⣬鴽Ϲ˹Ц⣬ȻܶôϲȻҪȫˡ
ȻЩȷǽ˲ٶЩȻӿɴû˵Լ
ÿڽӵ֮󣬹ƹһȥһϴիֱϴիҲһͬĶ
˭ϴիЩʼձűȻӵͰɵļ۸
ֲҪԼҤմɣתֱ׬Ǯĺ£˵ǰѵһôܷŹ
žžž
鲻
Խعơ
Ȼ֪Լɩֶһһ࣬ȴôû뵽ȻܹҪԣǽթҪ˵ز
ܶҪ֪һ㣬ιȥһأ
ֻЦҡҡͷû˵
ïȻ᲻Σʲôϵأ
̾就뵽һ⣺
ɩôȷïȻԼ
ȻȥҲǿӦö뵽Լһɣ
Լ
ʲôЦ£Цһ
ܼҵ⾩еҹ壬ܼұĴӵʹ
Ҫ֪¶ģȻ˿ڶЩҵ׵Ĵ塣
ྩʲôطӽ£
˵䲻ĻǱǹߣԱ繷
ļҵ̵Ҷˣǳ͢١
ʣҲٻ뼸ڳΪٵԶݡ
ʿụ̃ΪĩܼҲһּ̼壬ôȥЩԼ
ܼұĴӸҡ
Ҳϴիûн»ʹʶǰ֮£
ΣҲֻһӣѵͬԲɣ
Ҵӿɲһ򵥵ĻӣͬʱȨ
ƿŻͬʱһ̹ϵ׽Ҫʲô
ѹǮԼĿڴ
ҪǱ֪ˣⲻ·һ
ڴӱ˵ǰܼҸЩϴիж˴ʩѹˡ
ѸƲϴի֮Ĺϵ
ֺïȻڿ³Ӷ˰ɡ
һ̣尲ףΪʲôӸҪ¶ʱ򣬹Ҫʶ͸ϴիˡ
ԭ
Ŵأ
뵽尲ͬһ
ԴӺɩ֣֮ʹûӮ
尽е̧۱㿴ԼүĿ˼ģ
үʲô
ϴիƹ񲢷ʲôͷ࣬ô˫ۣϴիлôඩģ
ڸոһ䡰ʮʱбѾ
¾ɻ󣬹Ȼڻش
Ȼˮˡ
ˮܣڶʱͬ
˼ץסһֻܺǽˮܱбĳԽˮ֮Уջˮܱ㲻ײȵֵʱ򣬹ڵˮѾﵽ˿ĵزˡ
Ҫ֪鵱ר尻˼ٽģ⼸죬ǹڸеˮ¼ʱ䡣
ƹȷʲôé®ͷ࣬ڵֽ֮ǰǶʱ䣬ϴիûʱƹѾϰϴիдʵ
˵ֽ֮ƹܼҵȫֶʹʶ֮ϣ̶ʱ䣬ܹӦأ
¾尶һͨˣʱȻҲеԭ
һ˵仯֪ˣ˿ڲֲ֮һ䣺
ϴիһ¡Ȼ˺üҴһѹȻӡ
ϴիһҽۣܸȻӴ˴Ӱ졣
Եϴի˾кüҴһ𣬵۸Ȼӽʩѹ
ϴիۣΪҪ鷳ܼӣѶΪ֮

еû˿ϵһ𽵼ۣϴիȻ
ȥдˡ
ЩϴիĴ꣬Щڳɱ۵Ķϴիǩġ
Թ鲻ϴիһҵ˶
һǳˡ
һ۵Ĵ꣬һһңյȻӵĶ
ЩٽϴիһܣҪٶѡ
һǳ׶Թˣһ˿˿仯
Ļͷԣܹģ
ֻ᲻ڱ֪¾ʱҲ̾һǹ»ˡ
鷿еļ˶֪¾Ϊʲô˵Ļ
¾Ļ£˵ǹһִٳɵġ
ǹ֪ⷬٶΪôһУ¾ǰѵĲϣҲ
аѹҲдɵԱߣ׼һͬʱ򣬱˹Цɤ
ܽү⻰Ϊ佱ô
ǫˣӱˣôأ¾ɤҲһ˿΢΢Ц⡣
ү˵ǫĻȴû˿ǫ˼
¾ֱ׵дšҰ˵䡱
ڹ˼򵥵Ҫ¾ȻӦ˵Ļ
һԵֻԼڵӼֱûۿ
ھôĴѾϰԹ¾˵֮岥ĶĿ
ڹۿƬֱ̺µʣԷ򲻵˵
ϴիѾû
вˣȻӽ׼ô죿ձָԭ𣿡
ֻϴիǰŹţȻӺűָԭۣϲô
ǵʱ򣬹ָһĻش
ָԭۣȻҲЪҵ
ĿˣϴիûˣȻӱһҶʲôԭȻӶûʱŵɣ
ҲţΪʲô
νۣȻҪٻصǰĶλһ׵£ȻҪ٣˳Ե̽С
еĲ豭ƽػشš
ʱͻȻ뵽˴ƹ˵˵ɹ鴫ڵǷƷƶλۡ
ڹڶֽ۵ʱ尻ɻ
ȻɩҪȻӵġƷƶλֽۣⲻǻì
ˣɩǻк֡
ȻҲֻһҴӣôʲôطȥ
ȻҲֱ˵˳
ɩ׼
ƷҲû尣ԺȻӣ㲻Ӫˡ
ʲôˣ尵Դ϶ʱͷʺţʲô
尻䣬ʱ˽лһС
򵥵ڼйʱ㽫˹ǰ
ȻҤո͹ġ
ϰɡ鳯Լǰ°͡
ǡ
ǰһȻҤ˽͹ʱҪСĵеĶɷŻ֡
ʹСĶ尶еĺ棬æѯʣ
ʲô
һִǰĽУһ߸尻ش
ȻԺҪĶ


51 
ȻԺҪĶ
һ⻰, 尶ʱȤֱߵ˹ǰ
尸ߵǰ㿴˹򿪽еģ
ֻǵеĸӱ֮, Ҳûܵһʱ俴Ǹ®ɽĿֻ˱ǲ޲
޲, 뵽ʸոշ½еʱСģ
ʱеĺ, ˫۽ŹеĶ
ֱֻӽҿһ޲, 㽫еƷȡ˳
ȵеƷ, 尶ʱɴ˫, Щ˵ˣ
յ
Ĺ֮, ҲһֻյĴڡ
Ҳֻһֻ
ֻյ¾սʱ򣬴ӵйһ̰ٸۡ޳ġ
¾ؾ֮, ¾Ĺϵ, ĦƬ̡
ֻյ㱻͸˻, ȻͱϷŽ˹⡣
ڿֻյʱ, 尲Ż⡣
尵ľ¾ʶ̧ȥ
ֻݵؼֻյƬ̵尲ͬ
ֻյ¾ͣ˳֮á
ڼ¾˽ϸоĽֻյӦһڽΪ͸ʯƷɡ
ҲΪ, ¾һ۱㿴˹ֻյյĲͬ
յ֪ʲôģͨ徧Ө͸, ÿˡ
͸յ¾ܹؿڲյϵָָϵָơ
еֻյȻҲ͸, ֻȣȴǱһŨ
ǡʱ黺, 尻еĴ
ǣ
в
ظİĴ
鿴еĲյƬ̣ȻŻڣ
ҲΪһֻ֣ȣ͸ԸãҲͨ͸
ȻȫͬƷҲûа취ȫͻѧ˽֮
ѡܹ¾Ľ͡
Ȼ尶ڹⷬЩһ֪⣬ڿеĲյʱƺЩˡ
̾ؿŲյʱ¾뵽ʲô
ǰЩһֱҤǱܣΪ
Ȼÿιʱ¾Ϊİȫ룬ֹڹҡ
¾ȴûֹ̽ڹ֮κ顣
¾ЩҲֻǴӹ͸¶ֻƬУ²ЩȻҤоʲôµƷ
ڿյһ뵽ʸո˵ŶȻҤ͹ģ¾б˴𰸡
ûϸ۲еĲյпԭΪЩ򣬽û뵽ǱߵĶô졣
µʱ䣬оƷ
Ҳ֪ΪѧԨԴȷ츳
鲣Ƶķ֮Ĺ򣬱ѾƳ˵һƷ
ǹ飬Ҳٶȸһ¡
ֻ֪ΪԭϵȲԣʲôԭ򣬵һƷÿ
͸Ųʣͬʱвݡ
Ȼ⣬ͷȴܹǺõġ
⼸죬оƷʣø
͸ͼеʺ֮ϡ
ֱǰ죬˵뵽һµķȷǷá
ҪҤƳһЧ֮ȷ
ǡǸʱȻҤҲҪ¿ҤϴիȻҤѾϢ
ȻֱӵͷӦˡ
⼸ȻҤûʲôϢԭǴȵˣȥȻҤһˣȡ
ȴû뵽֮ǰһƷ
ϸеĲյ鿴һ֮󣬹֪ķӦǳˡ
ֻյȻʽûкЩ»࣬͸ⷽ棬ȴ˿䡣
ֽյϸع۲һ飬ȷûκ֮󣬹ص˵ͷеĲյϡ
ɩģʱ尲һԼ
׼ȷ˵ȻҤģֻṩ˼·尵ĻֲҤô
ȻҤģɩ𣿡
˵֮𲢲ӹĵһ⣺
ɩ׼ȻԺ
ԡ
ͷֽһԵĲյеŲˮ
Ͼ֮⣬ʵҲǳҪ
ܹͽ¾鷿еĲҶȻƷ
ۻɫĲۼڲյУ峺Ĳ͸յƺø͸
ǡʱһڲյ֮ϣһʱյ֮Ƿ׹⣬Ưˡ
⻹ǲⲣյģܹ
òĲݲ裬͸۲ҶгģһĿ
档
ԺиĻ棬尶ʱЩȲ
ɩ׼ʲôʱȻӿʼⲣյܷǰһף
ԭ黹¾尣յĿǷܹܵӭ
˼еĻ֪Ѿˣ
ʵϲֺαصȵȻ¿ҵյҤǱƳˣұһ׵ʵܸϱǡ
㣬ܾлɩˡ
Ҳûк͹ֱЦеӦ
¾ڹ۲Ƭ֮˼ͱ尶һЩ
ⲣãôƺЩޣȫ
ȷȫ¾һ͵񣬡ϾⲣصǾӨ͸࣬Щ
ĴȻĸһЩ˵ǰٻš
ɾƶһ䡣
ģȽϵһĲ͸Ҫ˵ˣֻռһʱʸС
ȻˣΪλҪȻ֪ȱ㣬չӣӦǲΪ˲⡣
ԺȻҪȻԺͲˡ
ȷûгֻ׼ƷȻӵƷƶλ
ⲣɲǿ豭ƿ֮Ķ
ó췽ȷΪ˴ѹϴիûⲢὫⲣá
Ŷ¾ʢ˲Ĳյƺ˼Ųʲô;
ⴰ˵㲣յھһӣǽڴϣ
˶죬ʹ򿪣ɿһ
ò˵ӿ˵ǼΪӦ
ȿ˵ʮˣټʱ鲻٣Ҳûڳһ㡣
϶þɴ磬ɴȻ͸ʵЩǿ⡣
ԼʹѾս䣬ڰΪڵĹߣ黹Ǹڿǵ
¾ãۺ񣬼ʹźҲܹŵ¶粻֡
ɹ尾Щˣϵĺ·ţµ̼ţϮʱɻеʡ
ǡþڹ黰һ룬һӴϮֱӴö鷿е尴š
ѲôϣһȾɴãҲҪ
һΣ˲Ϻ͹ףֱգ˫ۿŹ飬ڴ
Լ󷽣Ҳûͷ
Ȼû⣬ֻⲣյ򵥣ڻҪһСѣʵܿҪԵһˡ
С⣬Ȼ⣬ҲͷӦ
û⣬ܿԵȣ
尵Ŀ־ۼϵĲյ֮ϣɱ뵽ֻ¾͸ʵյ
ֻյֻһֻ͸ʿ»ץסСӣ뽫յ¡
յս֮尻ϰʾ˵ԼҲҪ
ֱ֪ӱϸһھܾˡ
޷ԼҲȥһ͸ȵʯ
尵һҲûҵһʵģֻܷ
ڿֻյ͸ĲԽ
Խϲ
Ҫһ¸ˣָֽ˻
鿴ͬСŹͷֲҳԵģЩʧЦ
ʵʵϲһ㽫յȥɡ
尵񵱼ϵıҲʮ⶯
Ȼȴҡҡͷ
ˣɩ˵𣿵һյҤͳһףҲǼĹ򣬳ܿԵȡ
˵֮󣬼ƺҪȰæһ䣺
յ͸ҪӺһЩ


52 
尻˵Ļ
Ͼķ⽨ƶµĹ, ڿһϡʱ򣬴󲿷˵ĵһӦǽ׸ϡ
˵һеĴڡ
һ£˵ʲôȻʹﶼûе, Խ£в֮ġ
ϻΪôһСȥʲô, ˵ĲǴһһεС»۶ġ
Ժʱ򣬻û뵽, Ӷ
Ȼǹ, ҲǲЩصˣ
Ȼȴ, ҲʲôΪѵ, ȻҪ͸, ȻͲֻһյȻҤǱѾר׼ˡ
һ⻰尵
Ȼ, ǳܾ͡
Ȼ尻û˵, Լһ豭ײ춯
Ѱȥ, ǡñ㿴¾ֶ̧˲ˮģ
ΪԼĸ֪˴, ׼ŸոյĻ˵ʱ̧۱Լζ
就һ£ܾĻ, ֱѿڶ
ˣһ, һֻյûȥҲûʲô֮ǵȻҤһЩ, ɩҪ
ҲУһֱյôȷ󡣡
ͷټ֡
ǿŴȲ¾, һ
뵽ָոյ־鷿Ǿ֮أæ鹰˹֣
˳ܱɩ˵ˣʱɩҪʱ䲻磬ͻȻ뵽ϻЩδͲ߶Żֻɩˣиǡ
˵꣬ȵĻش𣬱𼱻ǵת뿪鷿ǱӰôô͸һ
ӵģ
Ҳûֻ뿪֮ƵĿһԵ¾һۣ
ʵܸŵá
ո¾ĶȻΣҲûжڲأȻûӹ˫ۡ
˭֪¾ֽеĲ豭£ƽطʣ
ʲôʱˣ
ֱ׳ģǹȷԼոûпΪԼԩˡ
Ȼ鵹һҪС¾ӮǸӹһ£
ǸյѣʵҪ͸ǣүô᲻𣿡
һΣ¾ûзĻˣֻ̧ῴ˹һۣ
븮͹ʲô
ôҲû뵽¾ȻΪȥŻһ
Ŀɿڴͬʱģ־ЩЦ
ڿ¾֮󣬺ôѾӿߵЦǿѹ˻ȥ
ֻĻȣ͸¶ĵ뷨
¾һֱţ·һҪ˵һӳî΢΢ſڣ
ү⻰ɾЩԩˣǰЩҲʮƱүô
ǲ㣬¾Ҳ㲵˹ش𣬡ĹǮ
Ȳ˵ʮǹȥֶķǮĹǮ˵ƱôܹƷȣ
ƱǸ¾ģ˵Ǹ¾ЩԷĽʿǵġ
Ǯ¾Ҫ£Ҳס
յС¾ȴܹһֱղ
ﶼû͸ȸ
¾ֲǸˣôԼƤӵ·
Ҳ֪ϸʮ治͸¾
ǳ֮⣬Ҳȷû͹¾κζˡ
һ뵽ԼոһҪⲣյ͸尣˿û뵽¾ľٶ
ĵ׻ôһ顣
ȣ
׼ϴʱȴ¾֪ʲôʱʼ˱仯
ù鼫ΪϤı⻹һ˿Σյ񣬶ʱùԺоѾߵϴ̱˸䣺
飬үôܹأ
Ŷ¾˫УŹɫˡ
үӦôԼԭ򣬲ʮǸүﻹǹǮҺôҲˣүأ͹ʲô
˵棬ԽԽֱ׳ɴҲͬʵ¾һõһ˵Ĳݵģ
¾Ϊ⻰㶣ֱ˳˼
ע⵽¾ı仯鲻źۼԼ
ӹһٵͬʱҲĬĬϱǸϲԼ߶Եµ˸ޣ
ҪʱʱԼ߶ʲôСɣ黹벻Ա֮ʩַ
¾ǹû
Ҫ¾ʲô
ڹΪ¾ҲᱻԼµƿԵʱ¾ȴѾӳ˼лع
Ǳˡ
˵ͬʱ¾վתߵԶһǰ
㿴¾֪ʲôλãһУŵǰ
ҵģ鴹˿ӽеĴС²²һ£ŵӦһƷ
š¾˵ͷȹֱֽд򿪣¶ŵƷ
֮ͬзŵһ塣
֣ӽȡй۲һ
Ĳ
ȻҲ㲻Ϻãʵ壬¾ݡ
״̬ԼĽУܿ¾ӡ
棬׹һִӣӺƯܹӵֺɡ
ֻӵ߲ѾЩ΢΢ɣѾ¾б˲̵ʱˡ
ĸ
ǿ˹룬¾ţ˵һֶ˶٣¹󣬼һ䣺
˵ĸڱʱģսϵǹۣ²СŪˣ
¾ĸǰλȻߣ¾ЩŽ湦֮Ҳ׷Ϊ˾浻ʹ
¾һ䡰ĸûнд
󣬹鷭ָ˶٣
Ȼĸүģүתңô
ûʲôʵģĸ彻ʱ򣬱˵ԺҪһˣ㽫
¾ָ˸׹µӣڻʲô
ڴգӦøˣֻǡ
ֻʲô¾û˵ȴ֪¾û˵Ǿ仰ʲô˼
½ĿͶעϣЦЦ
үսˣԺҪҪȥɱҲ
ᣬȻˣˡ
¾Ҳػشţֿ˿ӣ
ЩˣҪϣµ´һӲС
ӵĸģ
¾ӣĲ²⡣
ǣǹеһ˱ġ
¾񶨹²ͬʱҲûǸһ𰸣
ĸ޹ˮûκζֻӵı෨
ĸġ
⻰ˡ
浻ʹߵʱ¾ꡣ
СӲֱܷĵĸ飬Ϊ׹Ϻַͬӣܵĸġ
ȵˣȻ֮Ĳ𣬵Ҳǽ˸롣
鿴ӣһʱ侹Ȼ֪˵ʲô
˵ʲôܹȥƽʱ¾еһˡ
ֱؿӵģ¾УֱӱΪһ˼
ϲʽģձù˸һ
¾˵⻰ʱƽһ֪Ѿ߳˶ʱ
ķӦԵùոЩˡ
鵱ȻҲʶһ㣬ĿŲ
ŵȷ£үǵÿգù˰Ҵһɡ
á¾ֱӵͷӦ
ʱ򣬹ϵĻƣڲ˲ԣ
ĸ͸ү壬ôһֻ¹
ֹᷢʡ
Ͼһ˵ĸ͸ӵ壬ҪôΪ˱ӺƽһЩƵͼ
ҪôǴĸ׶ںӵΣһЩԾŵͼ
ǶҲгΪ֮ޡ
ôôҲӦõһֻ¹档
ȻһֱԹʱش¾һȴֱӱ˳Ĭ
˰ûеȵ𰸵Ĺڲ˲ԣ̧¾ȥ
˭֪ȴһ˪¾ʱ˫ƺЩ΢΢͸ۡ
ǡ
ˣ
ʶһ㣬к
ү
ȡǱС
Ϊ˫·ǹ˫۹ˣ¾ڳĬƬ̺󣬻Ǹ˹𰸡

˵֮¾˫ϵķɫƺֱȸո͸һЩ
С㶡
֮ĻӶᱻ֡
Ϊ֮λգԼӶûб֣¾ҲͬûС
Ȼûб֣С
ڵͷֻƺ͸һ˿ɰ¹󣬹ֺʲô
¾¹
ȣ߻䣬¾ֱӵͿһ
̧ۿԼүɫǳĶԭԼ´˵Ĺ黹ʲô׵ģ
аϲͬʱ̲ס٩
С¹
죡¾Ŀһɨǳš
˿¾ʱٲûᱻŵ
ȻΪ֮һĹǵû˿µĸоԺֳһֻ޹¹գˮĴ۾Ļ档
һʱûסһͻ
С¹
ǲҪ㻹
¾û뵽Ȼҽеڶֱ׼û
ͬʱЩڣ͵Ķô࣬Ϊʲôƫƫóһ壿
ү˵͸ˣȻ
¾죬鶯Ҳֱ㽫˻Уź֮󣬹ֲһ䣺
һͲʲô¹
Ǻ¹¾Ҳȥˣ߳ŭ֮£һ˫۾ֱֱŹ飬Ҳϲ
һ¾񣬺˰ֱ¹Ϲ˫۵Ĺ뵽˶ʱ¾ĲҺ
һ׼ֱˣʼӲת˻⣺
ȿȣȻүңҲӦүһ͡
ȻķӦ죬ȻѾΪʱ
¾һ죬ûиĻᣬֱӽԼĻУ
ˣԼȡ
⣬׼ͬ¾㱨չֹµĲֱһ٣ɿȥ
˲ϢĹֹѾԶ鷿
ŲƬ̱Ŵյ鷿ֹĵ˿
Դү֮󣬿ЩµķӦˣ


53 
Ϊ˫˾, ҲǾЩӵĶĳѾࡣ
ڵĹ飬Ѿ֮ǰ, ʧȥʶˡ
ڽ֮󣬻оԼߵˡ
ʱ¾, ·һֻոմһ٣ſɹ̫, ػԼβ͵Ĵϻ
Խ, ԽԼľ
ʹɻѾжʱ, ¾һǰٿᡣ
˵֮, ƽ¾뷨ҲΪϡ
, ϱƲסһ˿Ц⡣
Զ˶׼һԼһЩƣȴоƺѹʲôӲ, ѵЩۡ
ֳ, ָϴһϤİ͹, һ˿
¾ո͸ǿ塣
, ǰһ󣬹ջûס
ү
ţ¾ŹľٶûҪȡ˼
Ϊʲô¹ʹոѾܵһνѵ, ûס
Ͼ¹¾ȷʵһҲϹϵ
ϵŵֻе¹, ¾ǲʳ¹ϻ
Ϊŵõ㣬ҲΪε˸ոյĵ٩, һΣ¾ûͬոùı졣
ȻЩķۣĬƬ̺, ¾ɻڣ
ʵ¹ԭǱ³ĸ˵ճʱЩֻһ˫۾Ϊ뵽ڹ֮ʱҰп磬Ǳ֣Ϊ֡
¾˵⻰ʱƽƽ˵ű˵¡
¾ô赭дҲ̶̵ܹļ仰Уʱ¾뾲浻ʹĲס
ҽˮƽߣŮһ̤Źأһ¡
ԵĲ˵СӵĸʱΪѲ
ʱյˣοʱû
ټǽڣɵıƣҪȥһλݵ΢ֺ޿ɽӣֱһ練Ƶ¡
Ҫ룬ܲ²⵽浻ʹʱĲס
Ҵ¾Ҳ
¾ԭ֣ɾ浻ʹȡġ
һӣУ־㲻ɻϾҲҪ񲿻ⶨ
ǶûУֻ˵һ£ӣܳ衣
еˣǻ춥׵ġ
֪һλݵ΢ҺޱɣһȴܳĻӣǽ֮ڣܵʲôĶԴ
Լ۾ĪЩᣬȴ֪Ȼ¾ƽ˵ⷬӦҲǲЩ
գգ˫ۣѹһɬ󣬹Դһ˿Цؿڣ
үǲ˵һ濴ү³
˵鿴İԼЩ¾֮ǱսܵĵйҲ
¾һȭܹһʯͷĽ׳ģһ˿Ӱӣ
뵽ԼϱǸЩпֱͬ˲ͬ
ͬôܹôأ
ץסйƵԼϴָͣ¾ЦЦ
һҽĸСĿȾҲͨһЩ֮᪻Ի֮ĸһֱ
̥ʳҲע⣬ڱĸҲѾ˼汾Բ㣬Լʹ࣬ҲδԱ̫Ӱ졣
һ㣬¾ҲüΪˡ
ǲĸͨ᪻ƣĸǰϤϣͲŷɥս
˭¾ͻãһͣиǷ߿ˣ
ͬĸע̥ʳͬǳյ˾ĵĵϡ
¾ھһȭһСѣܷ߱ڻɱУϱӵܶûУһҲͰˣȻˣ
ȻеЩ뷨Ҳֻݼš
ϾȻϱӹ岢ãôⱲҲӵһ塣
ȻƼһЩҲĩɥʬǻ
˵֮˺ôһ¡
̬ƽ֮󣬹뵽⣺
Ǻأ¹ּȻĸүȡ֣Ϊʲôˣ
ĸȥ󣬱ʹʼ֮ʱ˵¹ֹСûжţ汾һ֣ѡͬġ¾֡
ǰЩѾ˵ˣһȻûıҪ
մ֮ģ⡮¹˱С
ԭˣϵֻ¹΢΢ͷںû˽үСˣ
Ȼѯʣȴ˿϶
ϴȥ밲֮ʱϽ¾ʱȻá¾Ϊƺȴܹ϶¾Ǳ¹
Ͼ¾ոյҲ֣ΪϾá¹ֹС
ȻѾСˣȻǲˡ
˻֮
¾ϵ׽Ҳֻʣʹ
ƽһֻԡ֡ƺ¾δƺ
Уս¾һŵĶӵʮҲҽ¾С¹
ڻʹ
뵽밲ʱĳЦ΢ȻһЩ
ʹÿÿе¾֮ʱڳơ׽̶Ȳϻϡ
֪ʹ˽ӦҲ¾С
ĸ󣬵ȷûڽйˡ
¾ûзϣ˵һ˿
һ˿ѵõ¶Ȼù۲ѣؿڣ˰Ʊ
үģԺү
ȻԲϣ滹˽ġ
ϲͻҲͬϲ
һ£ݣһŵľĴϻԼǰͱһֻɿɰıС¹
еķֻҪһ룬ļⶼڲ
Ȼȹ룬¾Ķݺݵķ
У
ΪʲôУΪԼĵһ˿صİã
ǲУ¾Ҳظţնûκλ徵ء
С׽֮˽еģүҽУǾĹϵ׽
գգ۾¾в˲䣬һõĲݵģ
Ҫ𰸣¾ʵҲ˵𰸡
Сȷ׽֮˽еģ֪ΪΣǡС¹ɹ¾һĪܸ߳С
ͷŹԴѯʵ˫ۣ¾Ÿոս彻ʱ£ԺͻȻһ

˵û׽֮ĹϵҲ㹻׽Ѿ֪˱СǷҲӦýԼС߱
ôҲû뵽¾ѧı¾Ȼô
ʱ˸˲ͱ˹顣
ԭ¾˵⻰ΪһⷴӦ֪п϶¡
ʱѵúĴʢּһֱ֧֧˵һȻ̲סߴ٣

⡭ҡûСͻȻһĹЩֲò׷ӦæصүʹһͿˡ
ͬ¾СȷЩ¡
˵¾ġС¹߳һЩ
Լոն¾ĵ٩Щڡ
ȻӲı֣Ե飬ôܹ¾ţ
ô¾ɤƺ³˳һζζ
ȻæͷֻôôЩζ
ֻȥʹ˴ˡ¾еˣ״Ʋصֹš
ò˵¾ֹ˵ֱ׼˹ߴ硣
˵ԼСȻЩܼˣҲҪ¾ӹĿе֪
Ȼͻڣ֮£Сӵк͹ͬССҲ
ֻҪ¾ȥʣ;ס
ǸڹС֮󣬱ֹٽеС
Ҳ˼ŵܵܵĸܣѾٽˡ
¾ȥǰùԺٽ
Ժ˻֮󣬹һ¾²
ϣ

ʲô¾ʱԼ˵Ķ˻ɡ

һΣǷƵģ˲١
ڹһЩڡ
ϱӹ岻ãԭܹߵȽĸĸ鼱֮ȡһĽ顣
˵ʲôȡһ
ǹԭǸֱӱһŮֵ
ڹСһߣ
ΪڹСӳ֮ǰ˷˰˵˷һ̥λŮӤ
ǡù˷˱ʱѾ˹ճӣԶ̥Ա𲢲⣬ŮӺ⡣
ᵣԺֵǽ˵ͬʱҲůġ
뵽ŮĽɰǴϲ֮£ԡƺ̥
˷Ѳȥ˺ҲֻСȡ˸ѧûڸСȡһ
ʱźСӵǰź˷˵ģɴչ˷ǰϰߣԡƺеĹСӡ
ǹСӵıˡ
飬Ƿڹ鱾ϣԼԸš
ڹԱؽԼ¾ĻУֻһ˫Ѿյͨ˫ʱ
о¾ĶеЦ֮κʱҪԣ
Ҳϡ
ĻԭͷĹյ˫͸졣
ɴֱӽ˶¾ĻУװеס


54 
ڵ֪֮, ¾Ҳᵽ˹֪Сʱ顣
ǰ¾Źʱ򣬻ϲһһؽС
ڣֻҪһ, ¾᲻ػһ
Ȼǳϲ¾ر¾ʱ, ߸ͳˡ
ⲢܹҲ¾
Ȳ˵߳жȻӵôһԱ󲻷
˵¾ʱҴһ˿, ҲԸ˶
, ͬ¾ѺûЭ, ˫һ, ǰɱǰĳƺ
˽»ʱ, ǿԻжԷ
ʱ򡱡
ʾܾش⣬׼¾ȥԺ˯
ΪʲôԺ֮鷿
ʾڷ¾Ըеĸɧ֮, ԺѾ÷ǳزȫˡ
¾ǸԼ, ˾Э֮, ûǰйǸùΪ߳ܵ
ǿⷬ˵, ʱҲ˹䡣
һ΢΢ЩɵҲ巿еΪʱ˵ӡ
¾壬ȻҲһ¾
Ͼⶨ, ֻһܽʲô
Ȼʱ, ŷ֣ûп͸¾Ķ
ϰ, ͶȡһƷ
¾Ȼ˹ĵͣǳϰսԵ, Ӳ秵Ķ
塭
ڹļױ֮еǲ١
Сӵд󲿷ӵܶӵеԣǱϲɡ
Щ֮УûһǹСӴСġ
У˽ҲǺá
һ£ǲֵҲҪԵȡ
¾óĸµΨһһ壬͸򷢵
ڹΪ˻¶ʱ¾ƺǿĵ뷨
ֱù鲻ҪǣҪﲻһ˵عڷϡ
ϵƺûнȫ£¾ּһ䣺
ÿ䣬ЩƷ£ˣ벻ͲҪٶˡ
¾⻰Ȼڰο飬ȴͬǴʵ
¾ϦԣȻȻûм¾ģȴҲһɱ彣
ƾѧһЩȭȣϲԼ彣׹һЩװεӵܡ
¾һѽܹ˵ء
޳ڣûһװΣǸ¾սԵʣǰѽҲͬմȾһЩ˵ص㡣
ʹͣڽ֮УҲܹ˸ܵȻɱ˵֮ˡ
Ҳʹ¾Ϊʲôѡôһѿͨ彣
ʱ¾Ļشǡɱбɣڷ¡
ЩطҲܿ¾ϲЩװ֮
ɾҲû̵ͷ
ү˵˲Ҫպ鷳ô죿
ûǣ£¾ͷ
˭֪ʱ¾ȴ¶һЦݣ
ᣬѾյҪ
ʲô񡭡
ûͳκ
ĹʶѯʳȻû˵ڣ̷Ӧ˹ŵؿ¾
Ȼ¾ϿһϤ
ʶ¾еĺ󣬹Щ
Щһүֱˣһүڵģ
ȷǸҿ¾üͷ΢ΪܣΪ١
ò˵¾һ취ҲûС
߳ŭ֮£ɴֱӿʼˣ
үղǻҪʱ䲻ˣȥ
չרȥȻҤһˣȷҤȶƷʽϸߵĲ֮󣬱ֱӴ˼ײƷ
һǰЩӳŵҪ͸尵ġ
ʣµļףרŸʹ׼ġ
ֻûͽʹһ׹Ҳͻûв͹ȥ
Ȼ˷֣һ£˵лϵĵλһӣͲˡ
£õҲһ¶Ļᡣ
¾ԭ˼ùԼȥ
ǹԴϴ밲ȥһλʹ֮󣬱Իʹ׹غǾл
ԵĲ˵˵ΪһִˣܽܵıǼ˾¹һ㡣
ƽã¾֮ϴ
ȻĹأӦڼ¾ʱ밲
Ӵտʼû¡
¾֪㲻ϲЩȽڣǲ˹еĲϲҲδùعЩء
һ˻ʹ㲻һˡ
ǻʵۻЩɣܹšѹһͷ
Щ˲ȵ齫ȫ
һͬǺܸˡ
ԭңΪԱԵʣһʮҲҪ밲
ôûܣ
ȥܹõһЩʹͣҲͬ⡣
¾عĸܣӲǿȹȥϲ¡
ڽ֮ϣ¾ִͬ
ȷ⣬㽫¶
ǡգ¾ĻҲˣҪͬʵһҲ˳ֵ¡
ʱ䣬Ҳൽ˻ÿ鷿дʱ䣬ʱȲ˿գҲŻϵϢٺʲ
¾Ȼܹ֮¸뿪վʼԼϵ
齻ţ
治ô̫ƽϴիʹôͷ˵֣ҽֹڸУһҪҪţǵôһ𡣡
ͬϴիȻԼʧأȴھеĹˣɲ׻Լ
ЩȻٽµĶÿɻᰴʱţЩϴի˶û㱨ȡ
ڴɣ
ڷľƫ֮ҲͬѸͬϴիƲ˹ϵ
һʼģϴիҲִֻߣ
ϴիôһͷʲôƲϵԵù飬Ҳֵµ˺ġ
ɻ˽ϴիʮ
ȻϴիʧȲֵһᣬôҲһЩġ
֪µʱ򣬲û鷿Цȥ
ֱɽ̫꣬
һֱƲơ
εʮȻ࣬ǼϴγֶķȥһٶʮѾ㹻һʱˡ
¾ʱҲ齻ⷬ
Ҷ֪үİɡ
Ҳֹ֪Ȼÿζߣȴδ¾͸¶ÿһ¡
Զڳ֮Ҫֹһ㣬ǵÿܣЩ
˵ͬʱҲߵ¾ְ¾һ·λá
ţ¾ԹĻشͬ⣬΢΢ͷֲһ䣬ֹҲϣǷģҲܷԸȥ
˵¾Դֱתˡ
¾⻰˵Ŀ˵Ƿǳǫˡ
ֹֺֹǲ
¾ɻôãְֹλ˵ȫλ˽⡣
ֹ˵ȴں
ֹеλ⣬˽¾¾ųɵͬʱҲܵаһ֧ڵĺü֧顣
¾߹飬Ƿģ¿ԷԸֹȥ൱Ǹ߹飬Ը⽫еһ鹲
ӳждˣûܶõġ
˼ŴڼۼڳжĿⲻ٣̫ĶֻҪЩ˵飬ûľٶ
֮һһҲһֱûڳȥЩˡ
ֱǰգŵÿȥӣЩȫ˳ȥֻһ
ȥ֮ƽаչˣԭҲϹϾ
Ҳû˻
ⷬнеģȻ
¾˫ۡ
֪г˰֮ûţ¾Żٳ֮ǰ齻ⷬ
𿴸ոչ˵˲¾ĻʵѾ·Žĵף˴㡣
ֻǼ΢Щ⣬ԭ黹˼Ҫȥȡ¾ⷬ
ⲻй»
¾֮󣬹ҲֱվڲԶİԸһ䣺
ȥֹһˡ


55 
ֹĶܿ, ŸճûãֹѾڰ߽˷䣺

ˣ
ԭűֽддĹֱӷеëʣЦеؿŵֹꡣ
ȻϵЦݳƵ, ֹ겻֪ΪΣһֵĸо
֪к·Ը£
΢΢ЦЦ, ǿֹһ䣺
үոͬ˵, ҷ, ʲô¿ԾܷԸȥ
үˡԽ, ֹǹֵĸоԽԡ
үɲ, һ, Ҳġ
˰֣ʾֹ겻Ҫǫ顣
ֹҲף˵, ޷Ϊûнү
ⶼӦġ
ػͬʱ, ֹеľûн͡
Ȼ, һ仰, ֱӡ֤еĲ룺
Ȼ֪Ϊүûʣү, Ҳǻͬү˵ġ
ڹ仰ֹûлش, ֻ˳Ĭ
ҲĳĬԴ˹⻰û˵
ҲֹʱĳĬ, ֻԹԵؽŸոյĻ˵
ǽԸȥһ£Ҫ㱣ܣҲ˵, ʹүҲ˵
⡭ûʲôֹ꣬һĵԥ
ֹķӦ鲢⡣
ֹʱȻ£˵ֹ¾ˡ
ȼⷽ棬Ȳ¾ȻҲ
ڿֹϵԥ󣬹Ƶؼһ˵
ģʲôΪѵ¡үһңұҲүһ£ǽһ㾪ϲеģ
ԲҪ㱣ܡ
˵ͬʱ״ĵֽǿ鱻¹ʼصذš
ԵĶҪԣ
ֲֹϹȻҲˡ
ָǿֹ֮ͫ΢΢
үʮһγʱ𣬱һֱүߣô᲻үĺ壿
뵽ү֮ǰԸǾ䡰ԴһԴ
ԥƬֹ̺껹ѡ
ֻΪ˸ү׼
Ȼֹ֪ѡЦŵ˵ͷ
ȻǸү׼ôҲһү֪
뵽ֹջǵͷ
֪ˣ»үܵġ
㸽϶ʱһƵóѵЦݣͬʱֹ֡
ֹֻ΢΢һԥǰһߵ˹ǰ
׻ֹ겻̫˽顣
ڿŵЦݵʱ򣬾̾¶򵥡
ǼȻѾͷǷеһƫҲѾˡ
һ֪Ҫʲôֱֹ֮ӱһ£
⣿
ô뷴ڣ
鼸̱㲶׽ֹе뷨᣺
ոմӦʲô
ֹüͷ΢壬Ҫ֪ô󵨣ո˵ʲôҲӦ
¡
֪¹ش󡣡
鲻ֹ˵꣬סĻ
ҲΪҲŽ½ȥҲֻȥ
ֹٴ˳Ĭ
ò˵⻰û˵һҪ
ôֻܽڵȥŻ˷ġ
ֹϵɶɲټһѻ
ֻһ͸үСѣĳˣ֮үģġ
⻰˵ֹ»
΢˼Ƭֹ̺֪⻰ȷеյͷ
ǣ֪ˡ
Уȥɣ
õ϶Ĵ𰸣ڳֹ¶һЦݡ
ֹ˻֣ʾȥˡ
ڿֹһ̤ŵʱ򣬹뵽ʲôЦеزһ䣺
ү˵û齻ȥ˷ġ
ֹԣµĲһ١
ƽһΣֹùܵүƺҲʲô¡
Ѿ˸һߣƺҲûʲô취ˡ
ֻϣպү֪µʱܹķݶϣ⿪
ʱ¾ոͬԨ˵£׼һӲƷ͸Ԩ
͸޵
ԨȻ˵ԼļָƣȴܹƵһ˽⡣
ԵĲ˵˵¾ôôҲǻԵ޹ʸӡ
ǰҲû͹
ҲǴ̻֮󣬽Լսڼ޳ǮͻسС
˵ǵ͸ģ˵ǰĹأġ
֮⣬¾Ҳû͹ʲôˡ
Ȼʱ㣬겻ڵģ¾ȻŸ
Ԩ˴ʱ򣬱¾
ǰЩӵĳһЩСŶҪжһ͸ʡ
Ȼ鲻ͷ¾ҲûнԼϵϰߡ
ֱ˵Щ
Ŷ
Ԩǰ˽֮ڸ¾ͻ֮Ԩŵġ
֪Ķǹ֮киˣ
Ҫ͸ʲô
Ԩûлشֻ˻֣ʾӵ̫ཫľ򿪡
ʱԨѾ˱ľеĶ
ǡյ
Ԩڿľ׾Ө͸ĲʱҲһ˿һ
ֱǰһֻ豭
ڽ豭֮Ԩ̱˲ԣ
Ǻ
¾ֻյ͸Ԩ֮ԨҲǰһʱ䡣
ȻҲֱܷ֮Ĳ
ֻյʯ̶һ֮УԼ豭ȴֻܸеһƬ
ҲָУҲ̫ԡ
ǰֻյͬʯһ㣬׹ָУ豭ȴ΢ЩƮƮĸо
֮⣬ĹƺҲͬ
ֻյʯ̶ɣϡ̵̴ܹĥĺۼ
ֻ豭ع⻬ƽͬǰƳġ
Ԩ۲еĲ豭յĲͬʱ¾Ҳʱڣ
ȷ˵Ϊ
Ԩظİʡ
˵Կһ֣ͬƷӾӨ͸Ҳͬһ㣬Լӹɡ
¾ظŹ˵ĹڲĽ͡
ⷬͣҲǡ֤ʵ˵Ԩж豭Ĳ롣
֪ⲣͬһ˹ӹ֮Ԩ֪ⶫ²еô

ɾǲҲʤϡӱ
ۼֵΣ־Ө͸ĲԨǰûмġ
ټ¾͹һƬ⣬Ԩɾлϲ
йվһԵ
Сӣײ߸ݱԣ
ǣæǰײСؽǲ豭Ԩн˹
ȵײߴó֮Ԩŷ֣ڲ֮£żɲɵƷ
Ǽ棬ԨĲУֻ֪űײߴ˲٣
ʲô
ظʵĻǵ֡¾Ҫ֪Ԩʵʲô
֣ԨЩ⣬˵Ͳߣ˵ùȥ͵֣Ǹʲô˼
˵Ĺ£ҹ֮ҪĹģڵĵȴɾɣ͸ԲãԭͲԵøӻ谵ˣò֣ø۵ʱ򣬹һЩ
ǰû˵˵⻰ʱ¾΢ЩӲ
Ԩʱȴȫ¾Σȫ񶼼ԨǾ䡰ùһЩ֮ϡ
Ҳ֪˻ô£ԨֻԼڵĿѾԽԽʱˡ
ﻹãÿϣȼ֮ԨȴܾⲻҲͳһ⡣
ԨΪĸͷ۵ʱ¾Ȼ˽취
Ԩ˲ֱӽйһݲ
Сӣ
һֱԨźͬҲ֪Ԩë
һ֣ʾֵµС̫ཫԼݲĻӹȥ
æߵԨǰ
ҪԨڷԸ
ūڣūڽֻûϿ
ű㿴Ԩ˻֣ʾϽж
ոսӹ˲豭Ҳ֪ⲣǸƷԽִóʱ򣬶Сġ
ʱ㽫Ԩϵյĵֻ¾Ĳ֡
֮Ԩ
ϣҪŴܿЧ
ذɡԨҲ룬Ӧˡ
ֱӳվڲԶļС̫ʹ˸ɫʾȥŴϡ
ԼתùһԵĻӣȼյ
С̫ǵĶѸ٣һѾغŴڶʱֻʣյĹߡ
ֻԸƬ̣Ԩ㲻ɸп
Ȼ˲٣ⲣֲ
ԨķӦܿȻӱƯֻǸоƽƽ
֣Ԩȴʵʵںϲ
Ȼȵֽؽ鷿Ҳ˲֣һȼ
˲ͬһԨʱƲסеĻϲ
ⲣ⣬ͣ
Ԩ΢΢Ԩ˹֣
ϲãֻڶǰصؽҪʵʹ͡
Ŷô⻹ԨһΣҪʹȴ˾ܾ
˵ûǱʾεĲ͸ʵ⣬ʹͣ㲻ˡ
¾ȻԹⷬȫ⣬ȻǹԸģȻĵ
һԨȴ
Ȼˣα˼
֪ϴΪ˻ʼҵ棬Ԩûһٶʮжʹ
Ҫ
ǿǱǮ¾УҲĽʿķݶϣԨ벻ֱӽǱǮΪС
˭֪ȴеĸӶ£Ȼܸ֮ϲ
ڿ鷿õĲ֣Ԩϧʱƽ˲١
뵽ʲô
ոС˵ʱ˺üľӣ
֪Ϊʲô¾ܾø⻰еʲô˼
ҲǲСĸ׼⡣

Ԩƺ΢Щʧȴת˲ţ
ʹ֪սҲһˣǡ㽫͹ȥҲõȡ
ҲˣҲ˵ˣ¾Ԩ˹֣
ǣˡ


56 
¾鷿֮, Ǽȥ˻ʹһˡ
¾һʹĹ˺üӡ
ʵ˵ŵĶû͸ʵ۵Ķࡣ
֮ϲ˴󣬲Ϊ׼ʱ, ͬʱҲںг˻ʹ֮⣬λϵҲһݡ
Ԩͬ, ʹ¾Ĳ߿˵ǰ֡
ùŮԼеĲ߻
黹еҲһݣиǸ, ˽ʣµЩ߸һݡ
յʱ, ǡӺĻҲĹС
Żʹ, ϲ˿, ֻбŵĲԼ
Ϫģʲô
ūҲʮ, ʹе˵ʲôߡ
ǹŮеĲϲϵıӾС΢
ߣ
ϳһ˿м, ˰, ֱǹŮ¡
ȻڹŮеĽ˵ʱ, 뵽ʲô
, Ѷù
ǡŮæµ˵ͷ첽ǰз˹ǰϡ
ڹŮ򿪽, ÷ںĲʱûסһ䣺
Ҳ֪ʲôϡĲ, ֵǵĻʹʦڵ͹
·˵ʹûм, ܽһײߵ
ڹĻǲᷴģֱӵ˵ͷ, Ըͣ
ĸ˵ǣһײ߶ѣֻлʹŻá
ɵĻû˵꣬ĿڴŮӽóĲ֮󣬱ֱ
ϵľһƺһĨޡ
ȻҲײߵ®ɽĿĵı΢΢գ
ո˵ʲô
عĻʹǱߵ˵ǲߡ
Ůеļ豭ȫóڷźãͬʱһڲĽͬ˵һ顣
ֻһ飬鲶׽ǹŮǷеص㣺
˵ǿ˹Ƴ
ʹǱߵ˵ġŮ˵ͷôʽػشš
ĿۼϵĲϣ΢΢˱仯
ֲá
ĸŹ૵Ļɻ
ֲã
ֲʲô
ֻǻ˻֣ʾͶСŮ֮󣬲ſѯʣ
ոͬ˵ǰȻӱѾˣ
ɴغ״ġ
¾ͷؼͷԵزᡣ
ɼʹҲ
ΪʵʲǾ״
ǹŮ֮ǰɲŸո˵ϴիȻ֮ˡ
⣬Ȼ˾
ûϴի߻ɢɢЩֳɵĴȻǱֱӴŽգƶ
ϴիôһǮïȻҽ˻ȥ˵ѾջеȨؽá
ȻҪúԭ򣬿ϴիʲôط
һңϴի㷢˲ԡ
ΪʮĶ߳ɶȻӣȻЩյľ˵Ķ
һܼ֮˵˲û񵱳ïȻһֱӱιȥ
˵ܼҵˣµʱ򣬶޲ֱ
ȻӰƹ
ǲ鵽ԭܼҵҲͬʲô
Ͼ˵ˣѾǵĳжҲܼһּ̼ܹͨͨġ
ΨһܼҺ벻ͨıǡ
Ȼӽμ۸սĿתƵϴիΪʲôҪЪҵ
ʱ򣬹Ĵ𰸣
ԭ򡣡
ʲô
˳ŹĶ˹ȥһ۱㿴˹һ˫ϸ޳ָײߵģ
̾˿
ǰŽʹűײߣ˵ʹǴģ
Ȼġ
Զ׼˵֮뵽ոյѯʹŮǸ⣬ʲô
ĸ˼ǣȻιţΪҪ
ûлشɵ⣬ȴһ͵Ŀ⡣
ͷϵĲߣɻʲô׵ģ
ֲߣЩڹг󣬼˸䱦Ҿþޣ˵ˡ
뵽ɵظ
鸴Ӳ֪ʱ򣬱֣
硣

վڲԶĴŮæǰһĶ󣬵ͷ
ֻĶߵԸһʲô
ͷӦǺ󣬱˳ȥ
֮󣬹㿴ϵײߣڵ֣
ȿײߣʲô˵ĵطɡ
ȻԹոնЩ棬˽ӡ
˷ģ֪ǲڱˡ
ֻͷӦǣǰͬһоµֵĲߡ
Ҷڲбݿ͸豭
ڵˮŲҶڱзĻ档
ɣҲ˵ײߵĲ
ʹײ¾ģʹ¾Ը
űݲ迴ŵҲƯɹ˻ݽȥܻӺúÿһЩ
ǡʱ򣬹ڵһ
ò˵ںгŵӣһ۱㿴ⲣѵô
ᷴĻ
ĸϲùɹһЩǡ
˵ɡһ㣬ÿɷ
ڹУ˭ܹڶձ˵׼յأ
֣ڼֻе˼ˮŵɺغǰ
Ʒʱͬ˵һⲣߵ¡
ʱһյĹȥˡ
רĵģ·ȫȻɽսĿΪ
˼ǷӦóѵʱ򣬱ո뿪˽

̧̧֣ʾ׼˵ԵȣŸһ
״ֱһǰͷڹĶߵϸһ
غȻ֪˵Щʲôȴܹӹ񿴳²ʲô˸˵¡
ڹʾ֮󣬿˵ĵһ仰ֱӡ֤˵Ĳ룺
սñ£ǲˡ
ʲôеĶ˶٣ɫʱѿ˲١
ոȥһȥʹ֮ǰȥһ鷿
ֱӸһʾ԰꣬Żڽͣ
˵Ҳһײߣ֮⣬һײ֡Ϻϲʱ˵Ҫʹֻܾͣˡ
˵ⷬ󣬹˶٣ֲһ䣺
ԭ˵£׼ȥ
㸸˵һ˵ģǲˡ
еŮˣƾֶΣҲķǽ
Ҫ£˵иķҲӲҪʵ۵֡
Խɵĸ״֮󣬹׼Щʱȥϵҩ߷硣
߻ûжյôϢ
ϸողΪ׼ȷ˵Ȼ͵Ĵá
Ǳ߻ûҪκʹ֪ͣ˿̻϶ʲôĸܡ
ȥϸ״Ǹ߹Ȼӵ״ΣֱԶ
ɡ
ȻҲ֪˵еЩġ
ˣǳֶķϴի˵׶ģȻѳɶֱ֣ӵΪֹҪľ
ȻеĲ˵ֱ̧̧֣
պ㸸ƯĲ£ʲôӶһˡ
ɱ֪ǲˡ
ȻЩԸɻֻܵͷ
ǣ֪ˡ
ôеĲ
ȴûٿ˵ʲô
Ȼ֮УŮĸƾӹ
Ϫͬλ˵ƽƽڣϪȴѹ뼶
ΪսŽ湦ϲŻڴ֮ʱϪʹ
ܶʱҲƾĸ
ԵĲ˵㻹˵
ǱϪĽ죿
԰ˣغܺá
ΪôСûϲ죬ֵ
ȵպٵǴ󱦵ʱ֪ܵһίֵõġ
ί£ȫ֪Լղǽ͸ѣȻԼһ鷳
¾մӻʹг׼ظ
Ȼûȵ뿪ʹ¾뵽ʲôת̫ҽԺķ˹ȥ


57 
̫ҽԺ
̫ҽŽʱ, бѾԤС
Ԥ֮ǰӦͬϴһһ̫ҽԺ
ֻۼʱ쵽, ̫ҽûмµӰӡ
ԭ̫ҽ˼ǲԼˣҴ߽һˣ
ܴ, ټ
ã֪ˡ
̫ҽ, æλվ, ҩ, óһ, С̫Ҵ뿪̫ҽԺ
̫ҽǰŸ뿪̫ҽԺ, ̫ҽԺ̫ҽǱۼһ𣬿ʼ˽ţ
ôֽܴ˽гȥˣ
¶ܴ˺ʶܴҪɻڴˣ
˰, µʶ, ɲҵȷ˿Գܵģ
֮, ˵, ½ܴ˳ȥΪʲô
ܺϴһոܴ֮ǰǻ˸𣿿֪»ټ
ѵ˵ֶˣ
ʮ֮˾ţ
⴫Ų˵, ¶谮мϴζķ¶²һˣ
⴫֮, ɾţΪǿΪǮһٶʮʥ϶Ķ֡
֮, Եˣǿ
Ҳܴˣ֮ͬ, Ҫ֮֡
˭˵أ

̫ҽ̫ҽԺеۿ˵ȫȻ֪
֪Ļһһ䣬ǵû֣֮һҲ
⴫Ҳ٣µȷǶ谮мӡ

Źȥ£±Ҫҩˣƽûã
̫ҽû¾ȷ̫ҽҪҩˡ
ҩ˵ǽҩ񣬵ʵҩһ֣ÿù֮󣬱ᱻֱա
˵ҩޣһ֧һ֧
ϴ¾ʱҲûǰ̫ͬҽ˵ߵĻ̫ҽԭΪ׼ҩԭͲࡣ
ʱ鶼ʵʱƽʱûٺ֣ҩȻҲûá
ǰ¾ע⵽ʣµĲˣǡնѾ˹˳̫ҽٱһЩ
ֻ¾û뵽̫ҽȻôɫڷԸѾһϸˡ
̫ҽϵĽУ¾Ȼûпֱ
¾̫ҽҲΪҩ
ܴˡ
¹ڡܴæ˸
ûʲô⣬ƺҪȳһЩƺҲ֮˸η֪ܴ˿ʲô֮
ȻͶ֮ĸһЩԼĲ룬̫ҽʱЩ⡣
ϾԼ׶ţ̫ҽôҲ벻Ȼܶϸĵ˵ز
¾˵⣬̫ҽҲ¶ۣ
⡭¹ٿҪ߿󣬲֢ܶҩ
ǰиҽŸƽ˵Щ飬ǰòŴһҲ󣬹̱Ԫɡ
̫ҽ˵⣬Ѳ¾
Ȼүϵĸҽ˵ˣ岢޴󰭣ƽЩ²ʳɡ
ϵĸҽ̫ҽҲ֪ģ
˵ǸҽҽҲñЩ̫ҽԺְ̫ҽѷɫ
ֻǸҽ̲óӹǣԲЩİɡ
ּ̧˼ģ̫ҽ΢˼Ƭּ̺һ䣺
ģǿүһϰ䡣
ϰ䣿¾ǵһ顣
ǵġ
̫ҽı飬֪ǽԼĽȥˣæ˵
ϰ䱾ǿ֮ЧүոҲ˵ֻЩ֮״أÿռԶͿɸƣϾҩֶҩȶ˶Ҳ洦
¾֮˼һҲ⻰е
׵ʱȻĸϤĵϣҲֻǿﵽ˳˵ˮƽ
˵ƺҲ볣
ϾСʱͬȣһЩ
ֱʹϥ£佫̵֮ǿ׳
뵽¾ֱӽ̵£̡
ǲùʲôһʮľ֣ܹǿҲǲġ
ܴˣ¾Ҳѵ˲٣
֪ˣܴ˷ġ
ֵݸܴһɰ¾ֱת뿪ƫ
ֻܴˣ¾ոյݹĺɰ֮ŷǼµСӣ΢Щ
Ҫ֪ǰ¿ɴûдǵµ˵ϰߣȻܴµõʹͣ
㱵̫ҽ֪¾ϰߣȫǴӹѧġ
鷿ָһ֮󣬹ƽյй鷿
ġ
˽йѵʱҲûбܿ¾
Զڹϰߣ¾˵ʮ˽⡣
·УΪǿҵļعأͷ
յʱ䣬ԭĻ֮ϣһ׸Ϊ꾡Ĺƶȡ
Ҫź˶׹ƶ¡
һ㣬еԭЩԹԵġ
¾ǰ޵Щ˽µ뷨˵ȥ⡣
ֻ¾ȻѾ˵˽еһ˽ȻͲȥ¹ӵ¡
ἰʱ¾ֻһ䡰ȫ
ֻǺʱ򣬻ǽó۹
ʱ˵Լ¾ģ¾Ҳûٹעˡ
˭֪յĹ򣬸ǵԹԱʧ˲˵׹ƶȵĺ
һеԭ򲻹Ϊ齫˵ĹϸĻ֣ͷ
±㷣Ҿ
ƯÿҲֱʹͣġ
еԭǾʵľϸѡģû͵ˣ֮
ͬǺú£˹׹ƶȣϢʱ˲˵õֵǮҲ˲١
֮⣬ʱʱܵõһЩ֮ʹ͡
ԱһǰӣٿϵǮƣ
˭˵һǣ
޲ڲ˵Ҳ˲ٸɾ
ǵת俴¾ʲô׵ģ
ȻҲ
ֽһ׹ƶȺͽͷϰѧ˹
ִ͵ϰߣҲȻȻˡ
¾ֻ֪һֵСϰߣ̫ҽж²⣿
ص֮¾׼ֹйͬһ½̵ϰ֮¡
Ͼ¾˵СѧϰգҲһ֣ΪԸԭ򣬲֪ν̵ˡ
ֹ꣬ʱʱȥһ˾Ӫ±һЩָоһЩ
˭֪¾ոԶԶؿֹӰûü˽й
㷢ֹһתֱӳ෴ķȥ
̿˵ˮΪ
ֹ뿪ĲԻңĵûг¾¾еĲ
ֹôˣ¾ֱתͷվһԵʡ
²֪΢΢ҡͷ뵽ʲôүźֹȥһˣ鷿ֹ֮ˡ
֪ˡһ⻰¾֪¶ӦͬԼѲ˸ϵˡ
Ȼˣ佫ֹлѯʣȥʹĿһЩ
ţ¾µĲ΢΢һֱ֣鷿ȥ


58 
¾߽鷿, 㿴ǰͷдʲôĹ顣
Ҳ֪ſڵĶǸպѾе¡
¾սŲ, еıʣ̧ͷ¾
үˣ
, ʺϲ͵Ĳ֣ʹҲϲײ, õ֮һס
¾΢΢ͷ, ûǸ߹Ľ
ʺϲáԴ˲⡣
㿴¾ŵĽ, Щ, һʱ벻ʲôط, ɴֱӳѯʣ
ǣ
ոȥһ̫ҽԺ
һ̫ҽԺ֣Ҫ¾˵֪ŵʲô
Ȼҩͦ, ЩҲࡣ
¾Ϊһٶȥ̫ҽԺ, Щ̫ҽô룿
ԺҪеʲôë, еĸҽ, ȥ̫ҽԺЩ̫ҽ
ڹζӳ֮ʱ¾
ҩ̫ҽ̲֮Ҳѯһ, ̫ҽĽ飬Ժͬһͬ, ֪Σ
Ȼ̫ҽĽܺã¾ҲʮϿ, ¹ع飬¾ΪҪ
һͬϰ䣿
鵱˲ȥ˼̫ҽˣֱӱ¾仰ס
ԺҲͬүһ, ࣬߱ô
ÿһкжһΣÿһУһΡ
黹ĩ
ĩ֮УණΪãΨСʵ֣硣
鲻֪жĽЩ
ԪԼռߡ
ʱ򣬹ãҲҪܹ绽ֻ꣬ҪܾһٶҲ
ܹԼǿ׳һЩ
ǵ˺֪ܵľ뱾ϢϢصʱ򣬹֪Ǹ壬Ե
ҲЪ˼ȫ񶼷˾Ӫ̵֮ϡ
ƾҲԼʣҲƸ˲ΪԼá
ĩʮ꣬Ľ
ֻû֪鵽׻ΪԼܾһź
Ȼһ˿ź룬ӵһ֮˲١
ڿ׳ղ׵ĴԼṦѿɷ߱ڵ¾Լֹʱĵ׻ЩĽ
ǹ¾Сϰ䡣
ڹСӵļУ˹񵱳ѧʱƬΡ
ʱڵĹСӣͬϰһʱȤ
ȻԼ˵ϰ࣬Ҫᾭ˵ʱбĿʼùġ
ǡʱ򣬹Сֿ˹ʦ֮һȳһյػصĻ档
ʱⷬͷ˵ڹҪ̵յʱ˸˳ȥ
ԹСûдСϰͯӹҲֻƽƽ
ʶһ󣬹㳹׷ϰͷ
ӵһ壬Ҳϱһ˲١
էһ¾ἰϰ֮£ʱԼԭѾϨֻʣһЩǻȼ
⡭̶Ӧò̫ˡ
Ź¾һξ˵ʵ˼ѡ
ʵˣȲ˵ϰѾ𲽽
츳ʹȻǴӺʱڱͯӹҲ˴ﵽ¾ڵĸ߶ȡ
䣬¾㿴ոջĿǳĹ飬еǻ˲ͱðˡ
¾ôԸĻ棿ʱһ䣺
Ҫ࣬ŬŬǿġ
߱㹦򣬶Ҫ󲢲ߣټһļɣҪ
ڽṦǳߴϵĹĹȴЩţ
ģ
ʲôʱƭ㣿¾üͷ΢ʡ
⵹Ҳǣ΢΢ͷϣʱͱЩȲү׼ʲôʱʼ䣿
¾֪ԸͬһϰˣƬ̣㶨ʱ䣺
տʼɣճʱ³֮𴲺ǵòҪš
ѾϰҪĿΪǿ壬ȻԽԽá
ԭ¾Լϰߣÿ糯֮ǰʱҪ𴲳ˡ
ǵƽյʱ䣬¾֪ʱʵЩˡ
˵սת䣬ʱ˵ÿΪʱ̣ʱûжãȸȾ˷纮
ãүԡ
ôûв¾ⲻźۼϵЦʱŨ˲١
ģ¾Уúϲͬʱ뵽˸ոսʱ£
ظʱǡüֹ꣬˭֮󣬾ȻͷҲصرˣ֪Ϊ𣿡
¾Цɤ⻰˵ѯʣ˵֪
٩Ҳûţ
ҽսֹȥһҪүܵĲ£¼ү̲֮ס˵©죬Ż˰ɡ
ţʲôñ֪¾ЦһЩ
Ȼ¾΢ЦɤˣԵùղ
ɻѾһʱˣԴҲһܾ¾ջ
ЩӣүȻ֪ˡ
ûеõ𰸣¾Ҳʧֻ΢΢ͷ
á
ڵһ£Ҫүͬ⡣
Լһûס㱻¾ɤԵø߰أæ˵¡
һ¾ϵıҲ˲٣
ţ
ԺһЩĶү㿴Σ
˵ͬʱ㽫֮ϣողŻõͼֽݸ¾
Ҫ˵֮󣬹ʲô̫ĵطǿɾ̫ˡ
ĵطʳסеסϡ
Ȼǳжͨյķȣ١
Ѿϰ˺ķݵĹ˵಻ĵط
ֻڳжʱ򣬹ȥ˲ʱ䣬ټϺ֪ס˶þҪŲضûȥѹڡ
֮󣬳էĹ׼¾ӵҲ̫֡
ڽĵضˣֻҪԭ⣬¾ķӣб˼
˼֮󣬹ֿڶ빤ˮƽ˽⣬óȻ֡
ǡǰЩӣΪȫµƳǼ˵
ֱӽԼױе¥Ϣһʱ䣬Ъҵװ١
װٵĹ
У㷢Լ뷨ʵ֡
ټǰȻҤǱҲϢ
˵ڲѾ˽ٿҪִƬĲˡ
һ뵽ԼĲ⻹ôܹס
㿪ʼʹ˼Ĺڻװ޲ͼ
¾ͷ濴ͼģ֣ʼ
ү㿴طԷ˯ĵطһϴ򣬿ԡϴ
¾ԺܴԺֻ鷿ԼԷռȻС
ҪԺиĶҪĿıΪԼסģȻҲľ
Թ鲢ûжԺԭĽṹֻԷеĹµĻֺ͹
ͬʱԭĻϣϴҽص
ڽͼͬ¾ϸϸһ󣬹Ҳѯ¾
үΣɷʲôĵط
鲻ͬ¾ʳסʵû̫Ľ
ǰйսЩʱ˯һþһȷﻹȥЩ
ڵ¾õ֮Ҳûʲô̫ĸĶ
Ϊ¾һֱãƬ׶֮أѾ㹻ˡ
ڣ˼֮󣬻˲پƳͼֽ
ŹĻԼδͼ㽡
¾ĵףҲ𽥷һ˿ڴ
ЩƵͼֽѾǼˣ㶼ɡ
Цһ
үԺʲôĵطɱͬұԹҿɲ

ᣬ¾ҲЦЦֻҪģ⡣
ֻǴ˵˵˾ǻܲϡ
¾˵ȴһ˿棬˲ʵ뷨
õ¾׿ϣ鵱㿪ʼж
Ҫģͬ¾һ𣬰Ժ
ʱ򣬿˰µĳӰԺڴ˿;
ӰԺ󣬹ĵһܱǣ
ԺԺľ뵹ǲ̡
ȷԺӦԺԶһԺˡ
ָԺᶯû룬˳ŹĻ½һ䡣
ΪҪԺ¶̫ӰƽϢרŷԸһԺԶԺӡ
һȱ뵽ӰԺ
Ժ㹻Զ˵ү֮ǰŸո
ʱרΪģԺҲݵؼΪġ
뵽ͻȻʶԼոպ˵˻
һ̣Ȼ˹ζķʣ
ô
Գɻ֮󣬱һտҲûõҲһε⴫רΪ׼ĳӰԺ
Ϊˣŷ֣¾Ҫŵľжǿҡ
Ȳ˵ӰԺԺ֮ľ룬Ҫȥ߹հһ·
ӰԺһС·ֱͨĲţ¾룬˿ⱲӶѵüһ档
Ϊ¾ĸȻ֪¾Ĵġ
ѯʣ˵鼫ˣȫһػ
ǡǵİɣ
⻹ʳôһԳ¾֮ˣ˽š
Ѱ˼ҪҸʲô취ʱ
򣬱Լү
ʵǰҵķԸ£ǱΪˡ
һæ˿
ת¾˸󣬱æֳ
뿪֮ǰɲ׽ԼүĶԻ
үΪʣΪô
룬Ҳǲԡ
ΪҲ֪үʲôҪϵˣΪѵĻָ˭أ
⻰ɾԩˣʲôʱ򡭡

˽̸ȻѾˣǴǰļԻƺҲһʲôĶ
ʱףΪʲôǰЩӴ鷿֮󣬱ôˡ
Լү˵ģ˭ܶס
˵Ĺڹ۲ӰԺ
ò˵¾ԼԺȣӰԺڵװηӾϸһЩԿҲһЩġ
ǳӰԺٺãڹҲȲԺ
¾ôῴʲô
΢΢Ĭ֮󣬵һΪ뷨ͬǸ
ǱĴš
ү
ȴҡҡͷ¾⻰ͬ
ΪɫԣҪ¾һţΪ׺ʣ
үڲһ˹ô
Ժ֮ԽԺΪ¾ڡ
¾һᵽ˳ӰԺӰԺҲԺ
¾֪ܹ˵֤ȷԳӰԺû˽٣ҲͬϾ
ԺͬסһԺӡ
΢΢˶
¾¶һõЦݣ
á
˵ЧһظߣʱĹ򣬱ѾԺĶᵽ˳ӰԺ
ڳӰԺæµˣ뵽ձҪԺæתͷ˲Զ¾
ү
ţ¾̧ͷͶȥһʵĿ⡣
ԺӦûʲô˵ĶɣԴ٩ѯʡ
ʲô¾һʱûзӦ
˵ҵ֮Ķйһ˿Ц⣬ͣձڳˣǿɾͲˡ
¾Ҳû뵽ͻȻʱЩʧЦ
һǿԷģ⡣
ڰҵЩ˵Ķ
Ȼеġ
ԺĵصͬҲС
εس̶ԼȣԶûеһܹڳĵز
ԭֻһʣ˭֪ȴ¾һ˿ߣȤ
滹У
еģ¾΢΢ͷǸȤԴȥ
ˣȻ¾κ⣬ɾܾ飬һҲȤ
ĩȫɥʧ£ٿ˼ҡ
ΪĩˣڹڵһͲʲôõضĵطһȤҲûС
ֹľܾǿף¾Ҳټֻ֣΢΢ͷ
պǸȤֹʴȥ
áһΣ鵹ûȫֻܾͷʾԼ֪ˡ
Ȼ¾õ˱֤ԺȻҲû˹˼ɡ
ڶգֱӲ˽
Ժòϵĵط˸ɾ
ŴֱҪص㻻ı㲻˵ˣһ֣ǲ
ڵĳҾߣҲ˲١
ⷬСܹ˵Щ
ûĹ򣬾еͨϰգ֪еⷬ
ʱбµ̸ʡ
ĪԼһֵľĵ·ԵĲ¥У
⼸ĶǶ˵ô
Ȼ˵ˣ⾩л˭֪
ǣҴǰЩӿʼ㿴в˽ģ涪˲ٶ
˵ôදʲô
㲻ʶˣҪ˵ԭ򰡣һ֪
ʲôԭ򣿡
˵סĲҪԼסĵطһ飬ֳôද
ô֣
Żô죿ֲǲ֪ǰڳжʱܰѼķƵ
ɾҲ̫ܼ˰ɣ
ԶԶԣⶪʱȥ˿ҵθԹŶЩŴЩҾߣȫϺõľģҲû꣬Ȼôˣ
ôܼңǲûĹܰûˣ
ӦҲڰɣʱ˵ʮױˣڳֶķӮ˲Ǯ
ҲôܰôܼˣҪԺǻˣ
֮Ҫ˵͸úúùܹ˺֣
ǿϹܣżôⶪ
ԹӢѹ˹أû뵽Ҳ˷ǳ֮ˡ
û


ЩͷβĴţ˵Ǻ֪顣
֪ҲὫϡ
ΪЩ˴ţΪڵһһ
ûȥЩС¶
ÿæƵġ
мʱ滮¾ǽһ뻨ЩҲꡣ
Ȳ˵ԺǼ˵Ѿ½½ó˳ùˡ
Ҳ˵ڱЪҵװٵ¥ȻӵиĶҪĿ⡣
ͬ˵ݵԺҪԼ뷨߹Է㹤ʩԼΪЧ
˵¾Ǳߵ˴ϢӡˢĻģѾ׼˴룬аµʱͿͶʹã㹻ùæµˡ
鵱ὫӡˢķóҪΪԼӡˢձ
ڣ˵ӡˢձˣձİӣ鶼ûü齨


59 
һһڳԵ, ȻҲֻһһ
ȻѾѻɽû˿ңǰԼĽɵشš
, 򵥵ıǼ˵дĻ塣
˹ǰڵָ㲦μλ˵ĳûʲô⡣
ôʻǹµ, ˼Ľ
鲻ϲڼͷˡ
ڿ˵Ļ֮󣬹Ҳû˵Ĳ, üλ԰ڵд
Ȼ¥
¥֮Ȼ඼һξ, ͬȻһ, λö
¥С¥, Ҳķһʱ빦
ֻΪ¥ͣҵ, ڴ֮ǰͶ˲پ
ڲ¥ݻѾ죬Էùʡĵĵض
ȻǱ, ڷԼЩ֮, ɴֱѡһȽ͵İ취
¥ֱһЩֹ
ЩѾڲ¥һʱ, ˽ϰߺϲá
ټƹҲһõ, Щ֮ȻǱߵ±㲻Ҫڲˡ
ڱֻʣԺԼձ¡
Ժߵͬ
һиĶŵķƽֻҪÿչȥһ, Լ뷨߹˳㿴Ľչˡ
ձĴ, ȴʵùΪ
ձĹ滮˵Ƿǳ
ʱ, 鼯ĩǰĸձһΪʺϡձģ塣
ͨСϰǸȤְ԰顣

ңִҵ, ǰЩȻӺϴի֮ĶԹԹд档
ͬʱרΪЩǿٳ̸־顣
˶ʱÿȥһһ˵ǽµġ
ЩæµҲҪϢ̸ֵ־ͿԺܺõЩ˵
ʵĻӿ棬㲻֪¾еĹ½ʲôݡ
Ȼ϶һЩȽˣְԺͻӶȤˡ
ΪһȺĻҴµˣҲ׼ӦҪŰ顣
Կǳ͢µĹԼ߱仯
֮⣬о˫Ŵ£һֻʥ飬徭ȫԸ׼ƾٵĶǡ
һֶˣǹձҪץסҪȺʱǲܷŹ
ʣµİ棬Żռձһλãϳһ顣
ùĻ˵һı⣬ʮƾ٣ģ⡱
ȻǴӺϱʮ꾭ò˥Ľ̸ϡ߿ģ⡷ת
ֻ껹꣬ڿƾƶȵĿ˵ڶһЩ
ԹʵʵһССĸĶ
ȻΪЩڿѧǶ׼ڣȻҪ濯һЩƾٿйصݡ
ʲôƾٱ仯֪˽ƾƶȱ仯ϸ΢֪֪֮ˡ
ٱ˵ʲô״Ԫǽһ״ԪĴȡ侫ȡУ˼ά
ʲôСãǵѧŵĺžҲհѧɣչ۽硣
ʲôƾģС
ãҸƾٳ򣬶һƾٿв²ģ⡣
ȡпձġʮƾ٣ģ⡱ľӣڽ뿼֮󣬶ܹ׼㣬±
ձе飬ڹ˵ʲô¡
Ψʮƾ٣ģ⡱İ飬ùЩͷۡ
Ҫʮƾ٣ģ⡱İ飬ȱҪһԿƾƶʮ˽
֮⣬֮еСпǵ£ҲҪô󲿷˶ķڷִ֮ʲС
Ҫ֪Թᣬܹô󲿷ֶŷģҴ岻ʤΡ
Ĺؼǡǡþط
жǣཻ֮ҲЩС塣
ЩС壬ʲôĴ壿
֮⣬СǰҲǸӵܣèУдС
ܽһ仰ǸɶɶУԺֵһ
ӵܣôʶʲôҴ壿
¾ʱʶһЩҲСӾͷӵĶ˸⡣
͸˵ˡ
˽֪ϴ£õҲ඼Щ佫
ЩˣᵶɱлУִд£ǱȥΪЩֵĺˡ
ƫƫԹĳ佫㻥࿴˳ۣ佫֮еǸˡ
ĳǵǱߣԵƲô
ͨѯʣҲ֤ʵԼһ²⡣
жָϣձĸˣɲ˽
Ҫҵʵѡֻܷʮƾ٣ģ⡱顣
齫ЩѧӵձԺҪץסҪ
ȻԸ׵ط
ŷϣԼ޸εձģ壬˳˼
ʱ򣬰˽
ү
ʲô£΢΢񣬿վԼǰİ
үһŰǰһеİŵ˹ǰ
磿ӹ򿪿˿Ͱأ
ƫүػ΢΢
ߴ磬ҽվпգǷ㣬ʱš
óȻŴŹ飬ֻڰѯ˹鷽ʱ䡣
ǡ΢΢ת뿪鷿
ԭΪȥػȻȵŰݷãôҲҪһʱ䡣
ڰ뿪󣬹½Ŀһšձ滮봴֮ϣ˳˼
˭֪ո뿪ãʱͨ˵ǹˡ
¹Ҳ˲˼ڡձ֣æҪȥӭһӭ
ճţ㿴߸ԺŴ߽Ļ档
æǰߵǰ̲סѯʣ
ôô죿
ͰʱǡĻػ˳ˡ
Ȼػش𣬺ֻôǡǡá
ȴ֪ڲͰ֮ǰѾˡ
˼УùĶһЩ
ʲôҪ£
ûʲôҪģǡõ˿У㡣
˵ͬʱ˫ۻϸؽԼǰĳӰԺ۲һ
ɫй󣬱֮ǰ
һЩ֪ʱ¹üΪ
ּǰԺװεľϸɣ˶ԹϹϾģǷġ
תۿӰԺмһƬԺӵķ̫˵ĿյأʱЩ棺
ǣ
ﰡ
˳ֳĿʱ֪˵ʲôˣЦЦ
ԭһƬС԰ү˵岻ãÿͬһӰԺ䳡ľЩԶ㽫Ƭظڳˡ
е䳡Ժ治ԶλãӰԺԺһξ룬˵Ժ䳡ˡ
ȻÿնҪȥԺǵĽȣϸǻĲԸһˡ
¾еĲԸټϹڲŸո𲽣ϰȷҪ䳡ôĵط
ɴ˽԰еһƬС԰˳һСС䳡
֪˿յص;ʱ޲
ãΪǰͬΪһ䣬ȴԸ⣬׻үа취
ڹ⻰Ȼû취ӣǸɴ㲻˵ˡ
ҲĻشһ⣺
˵ڽڶ
ûԺǱߣֻҲ㲻϶ֻݶѡ
˵㽫һԵ鷿
Թ۲ǰ鷿ͬʱѯʣ
úõģүôͻȻŷԺ
ҲͻȻԭڰ֮ǰӦ÷ˣֻүⷽ沢̫ûŪ
̧һ裺
ɾסЩϰߣүһҪһүˡ
ĿǰΪֹĻӶ˵ĸۡ˹ס
˺üʵۣ뾩û˿յ޽µķݣмλӵĸۡԭʹڵķݸĽġ
Ҫߣסȥ֮ǰѾ˰Լϰݷһ
Ψ¾Ӹõʲôӣסʲôӡ
Ҫ˵֮Уֻ¾ԺӦݡ
ϾҶӡӸˡеĵ˴һֻиڵĴʩһû䡣
˵ùȥ
ʱԺ˭˵һ
ͬҲЩ츮ڵĶ˴󣬾еҲһһ飬ȴûһ¾ԭ
Ͼ˼Ȣ޷һԺӶУԺǲ˴ʱ򶼲סԺˣ
ͬ
ֻΪͷβĴԹŲĵ˰
ڼ˿ûܵЩԵӰ죬Ҳͷ
Ȼˣұˡ
ʱ򣬹Ҳµ˽չǰݷõԭ
ͬʱҲĹĹ
ֳأΣ


60 
Լܵѵù, Ҳ¶һ˿Ц⣺
ΪҲá
Էģ뵽ʲôæѯʣ
СǱأҲˣ
ͷİ, Ҳˡ˵֪뵽ʲô, ЦЦ
˫΢΢Щţ
û֣
ŵ, 鼸仰Ĺ˵Ĺ˺öȢ˼
Ȼ鵱ʱùȥý, Ҳ֪, ¿²˳
ԵĲ˵, ⳣͲʲôʡ͵ĵơ
ص˼¾ڳ, ٴĻ벻Ҳ˵ȵߺ󣬹ػܲȥ״
ڹԭļƻ, ͬһɡ
һԷֹ, Ҫǳʲô, ҲԽͷһá
κμƻûб仯, ˭ֱӱȻӵ¸סֽţʵǷֲ̫ȥעж¡
뵽лйڣҲ̫Ĳ, ʱ¸õһߡ
ʵǽչҲ׼ڽձº, سжһˣµĽչġ
ôû֣Ȼ, ˭ϹЦһǳֵĶС
, 㽫ոͬ˵һ
⼸жз£侫ʳ̶ȿһҲѷɫڵȻϴիֻˡ
죬ǰŸߣŹر㽫˺Ȣ˺òͬ˻ѡѡ£˳
һôܹס
˹˺ãù˺ջس
һʼ˺ûŹǷҪΪĶŮ롱ûд
Ҳ֪
ʲôӣֱӽ˺˸ġ
˺û潫˹ȥ˵һ£Ҳʱˣùȥͬý˵˵¾ʹա
ù˺ȢӣȻǹģҲʮͬԼ֧֣ôù˺Ը
Ȼ˹ѣҲ֪ӲľܽӲȡǿʼ߾ȹ
Ӹûĸֱ׶˿ʼ˵ղù˺÷ҵͷ
Ҳǳصġ
ڷֹ˺Ҫҵͷȵһθǿ֮Ҳͬı˲ԡ
ȻɿĸһøΪޡ
˵ǹҲһŨŨĲм
ôˣȻ˽⸸ʲôˣ
⻰ҲĬƬ̡
ж˺ʲôˣ
ǹദʱ䲢Ҳ
ϳжҲǹ˺õĸףϣ˺ܹҫ鹣СѹŹ˺רѧ֮¡
ҲΪ˺ҲȾ˲ɡ
ƽӹȴƿǿ֮⣬ϲ÷绨ѩ¡
ƽ֮Ҳʱʱ˵һ䡰˹ġҲˣΪһȼعء
ͬĸΪϳ˫֮һĻ¼ҵĵСڼ޸˺֮ȴһֱܹ˺õϲ
Ϊʲô
Ϊ˺ʿụ̃Ϊĩ뷨
Ϊ¼ҵͭж鹡
ˣôܷΪޣ
ڣӲɼ̳мҵһ涨ܿ뼫ص
Ϊ£Ǵɡ
ƽͷҲͰˣһҲ͹ȥˡ
˺ӵоλڹٳ˵һȫȫԻǰ̵¡
һΪ
±˵Сп֮֡
˺һΪԼݵλôԸΪ˳ȥðգ
豭һڣҲЦЦ
Ǽͷ˰ɣ
²ǼͷǱ׵ĳ谮Իۡһ棬ǿñȹһЩ
˺ø˳ʮһյĶ裬óΪԼڹ˺ռżΪҪĵλ
ȴˣĽǶˡ
˺ѧʾΨѧ˸һˣͬʱҲΪҡ
ո˶裬ձջΪ˺õУˣԼ
ôˣûп͸һ㡣
Ҳǿ͸ˣȴԸϡ
ɲܵ˭ͷҲ֪뷨ֻĽ
½׳׸ˡ
˹һ͵Ŀ⣺
ɲǽ׸ôڳ뷨ĵ죬ױֱҽͬƼҵ¾춨ձѾˡ
ֱɲɡɼڡӭ
ڣѾ˴룬ǽ׵Ҫ𣬷ԭȡ
һѾڣ֪Ѿǰ϶ˣ
ڶʲôʱ򣿡
³Ҳػش
Ǳûʱˡ΢΢㣬³ҲͲˡ
Ҳ֪⻹ƸȽżԱļˡ
û˵ǣƼСڼвٳֹˣֲʺϰ£ӿ»һЩ
һ㣬Ȼʲôֻ΢
΢˵ͷ
ҲãڸѾŵعˡ
˵⻰ʱвһ˿â
ѡСʱ򣬹û·
ĺݣǳ£û͹С·
СӴСڳϥ³Ǹʲôӣ˭
£ﻹ˵ǳָ飬ҪŹСȥ
СӲֳ֪ĸ飬֪ܲ
֪Լĵָܱܵôһ£ܲͷ
۹鼱֮ʲô£СӻҲãڸдһҲա
¶ⷢӣдλһƻļ̳ȨҲǲɡ
Ψһ©һ㣬ǹһʹеƶ˿ա
ڹ˼ҪҪϳһѵʱ򣬹ʱڣ˼
ֵò׼һ棬ͲҪһֱ˵Щˡ
ǹ֮һͬ档
ǹ˻ͷһҲ˵жЩռܼܵıʱ䡣
Ҳ˵ˣɲһֱų¡
ֳ˵ǣǱ㲻˵ǵˡ
ʱҲع΢΢ЦЦͷʾͬͬʱ˵µĻ⣺
ǰҲȥжĲߺ͵ִɶյˣɻϲ
ֶʹˣҲˣôǸأ
ȻյˣձѾˣϲ
һ˵ʱ˾ϵЦҲ֣
׼ұ˼ֱ֣˵ҪҸˡ
͸ĶɱȺ˶ࡣ

ڹĿŵԴ֪жˣôֵܽĶ͸ˣ
ǹ˺ҲУ
λεĻʳģùҲЩЦã
Ҫǣֲٲ˸һЩǡ
ҲҲ˻֣Ǳ飬˵ǿۿѵ˼¡
״ҲȰ˵ת˵¡
ֵĹϵԭͺã˵ҳȻһھЩֹס
һʱ䣬鷿бֻʣֵܶ˺гִһЩܰĽ̸
˵˵ţ˵Լ׼ձ¡
ԭ鲻Լзĵ¸߹ù֪
ǼȻѾ˵ձȻͱܲ⡣
ΪԼ仰˼ʼڤ˼Ĺ񣬹ʱԼ⣺
粻Ϊ˸еģǽͷȻֱʱ仹磬ѡ֮£ʵż
ԭ˵⻰ΪȫҪΪġ
˭֪ڳ˼Ƭ֮ȴ˵һù鶼ĸĻ
ʵΪһ˷ո˵Щ


61 
⻰, Щ⡣
ӹСӵļвѷ֣Ȼǳжõĺ󱲣
ѧ, ȴϲϰ䡣
ͬ񽻺õģҲһЩϲĶɡ
ڹСӵļ, ӦЩѧΪһˡ
ҲΪ˼ѡʱ, ʶųԡ
˭֪ڹȴ˵һѷϹҪ
ôܹù龪ȣ
ǹȻıù, ΪǲԸѣ
Ȼ, ΪҲֻһ, ò, Ǳˡ
綼ûиеλ˭أô֪ϲʣ
΢ЩʧЦΪǰСӵ̬, ùǰЩС
ķϸո˵Щ, Ҹл綼ء
񵱼֪Լո, æȥǹɸոշǹʧ䣺
ո˵Ǹ, 

߶ֻ֣֣Ϊ졣
˼Ƭ, ûڼҵֵ˵κϢ
ڹ˼ʱ򣬱˹Ĳ䣺
Ǻѧʿҵӡ
һ⻰, ʱ֪˵˭ˣѿڶ
ǰλ̽ɣ
, 㿴ͷģ
ΣҪô
⻰΢΢˳Ĭ, Ժиֳ˹λӵϢ
ӣ˵ྩڵķ
ǹСèԶ˵һҲĵˣҲŹλ¹ӵĴ
ǰ꣬
ྩڣ˵Ǻ¾ͬĴڡ
¾ɱУڽҡ
ѧ峵ѧдʡ
¾һҲ޲ڡ
ഫдʫģ֪ͨв̳Ҷѧ֮¡
ڲ˿У·΢ֻҪվߣ硣
ȻĴ棬ȴǰȻֹ
ǰʮ³οʮжԪֱѡԡ
ڵ֮У¸࿼Լ϶޲ڣΪ̽
Ϊʲô̽״ԪҲЩ˵
˵ǼλΪʮСԪͷȴֹ̫ڴˣصؽΪ̽
Ȼһ˵
Ǳƾٵ̽ǵǰгΪÿһ
ѡѡٳǰף⣬һѾһòƽƽ
ֻᣬ£֣֮ܵ̽󣬲ŽΪ̽
ΣܹԴþаŲɣ˵ĲѧԶԶһͬο
ˣû⣬ǰ;ȻԶ
˵ܳԽ丸˵ܳΪʷڸѧʿ
ϧвƣеϦЩʱô˴ֲ
Ϊְ֮̽ǰȴһв䡣
ʱ巢ʲô˵硣СҲ֪ȫò
ֻ֪Ϣʱ׹Ǳһ̤飬˫ȲзϣеϢ

ȻʷϵĳЩΪ߿̵Ҫ䳤࿡߰˳ߡ
ҪΪ彡ȫûвм
ʱȻѾٳĹ涨
ʹĲɹˣʹ丸游Ϊ䱼ãȴûסְ
£ϸ˵
˲ܳ볯ã˵Ǻǰ;ԡ
ĳɾ봫棬˵Ǵεľֹͣ
ʹᵽʱɻһѧʲɻ˵һй֣ɻµĽ޲ڡ
˶֪ȫָͬо
ⷢʼǶʱ䣬вΪϧҲΪۡ
Ҳ˵ģʿģѿȡ͢㲻ӦΪε⽫֮֮Ļ
ʱƣǺھ޾׵Ĳӡ
żἰҲֻõһ䡰ϧˡĸп
ڹСӵļУһ֣Ѿǰˡ
ǰͬӶ˻Լ÷δס
ʱŮĻ˵˵ļΪ
ʲôз˻Ҽҹ
ʲôʱͬգҲҪʵźã
ʲôպѧʿ鹣ҲвССŮڵαץҼŮţ

˵ǲ
ڳ֮ǰòѧȱ䶨֮ȻҲŵھвĴҹ㡣
һȻв˾ŮƲЩѿ
Ҳв˵¼ҵĲǣ˵Լǰ;٣ͲӦ۱˹ҡ
˵֮£ھзз˺һ
Ȼˣ֮ƽϢ֮ԭżϢҲ׳
֮УҲûд˿
ǹ֣黹벻ֹôһ˴󲿷ʱ
˵ӵĻȷǷϡ
˼Ƭ̣˴𰸡
Ȳ˵ϷЩ׷ţѧһ˵ȷܹô󲿷ֶŷ
ʱգдʫԼ£ɹѧӵ׷
ֻṉ̀뵽һ⣺
ӻԸ𣿡
ȷϹҪ󣬵Ϸô£м١ס
ԲһЩģ¶ܲס
˵֮ӡ
ĳţƺҲܹ֤һ㡣
ʱ͹ĺúõأŤͷǱ߲ԸɽⲻǺˣ
⡭
⣬Ҳһ˿ȷ΢˼Ƭ̣
Ϊȥͬ˵˵ǿУΪٰ棿
ҲùУ
Ҳã±鷳ˡ
ͬһᣬô˵鷳أ
˵ʵǷԸɽһ㣬Ҳͬȷ
ͬһϵ£Ĵ˵Ǻܴ
ԭڲм֮ûȫ
˵ѧʲãΪ٣ȫѧʣ˵Ҳһɾ䣬ȫǻĻ
δ޵˻飬ȴѹһݡ
˲֪ǳ飬Щͬõ
ȴһ
Ϊ̽󣬱д˵ǳΪԲ˻ϽΪ̽
Ĵ˵ǻƣȴȫš
Ͼʷϣвڵѡ֮бϿУΪ̽Ϊ
ֻǵʱˣûнŷϡ
ϾʱлԼʼҶҪģϲҲȥ˵ķ
δȴ֪ţ棬Ҫһ˵
òױŮ˵ҪԼȥ̤ࡣ
ʱæְ֮£ǰŮֽ¶˳֮£ֻܸԼ
̤;зġ
ˣҲδޡ
֮ʱڲԶ
ȻҲֱ
ȻֻѧʳʵҲϾһ˶ѣʲô⡣
δھ֮ѣֱ̼ӷ˿
֮У֮¡
ǵʱͬеĹ˷Ӧ죬ֱ浱ֻһȡ
£˭Ը⿴
¼ҵ֮ʱ˵ʵ飬ȴֹ
˵ֻһˣһδӦ£ѳɶ֣㲻ҪˣԺδ޼¼֮
Լδ޿ǵؼΪܵ
˭δ޵˼£ûֱ֪֮ѡס
˵ʲôȻѾΪβһﵽף֮Ļɰѹ˸Ǻ
ΪԹˣ֪¶Ĵж
֮
㽫Լ˷
ȻɿѧʣдʫģȴǰĿԼ٩٩̸
ܶʱǹʱʱ̽˵һضͬ˵һ仰
为ձˣҪཻ
뵽Ҫ˻ǰĴ֮߳
ȵĵͷӦʱ򣬹ԼǷܹȰ˵ɽ£ȷ
ŵܵΪձѡĵģ뵽Ƿϵı֣а¶ģ
ǰ˿ҲҪձ£


62 
ձĸͷ, ֱӽȰ˵ʱо˲١
¾Ҳ˹仯һʱ, ¾ûסʣ
ƺ
ĺõһ
ǰմһˣү֪ɣ
¾ǰЩݻ, ;л˲£Щ¾˵顣
Ź, Ӧ˽ա
¾ÿ³ֱ֮ȥ, ǻصС
ǰչʱ, ¾պھа, ظʱ, Ѿ뿪ˣ
ͬ
үҲ֪ǰЩڷʲôɣڶĹ΢΢̧̧°͡
֪˵¾΢΢ЩĬ
Ͼʱ黹ȻȷҲʵѡ
Ϊ, ¾ЩܸС
֪鲻Ե޹, ¾˼ֻ΢΢һת, µԵɣ
Ƽ˺ʵѡ
ź~¾һ͵, Ҳûӣ
Ȼ¾ؾʱѾ
, ¾ûдӾ֮ǰھбѾвˡ
еķҲ޲, ¾Ȼš
İϤ֣¾΢˼, ͬķӦ
¼λӣҲҪ󣬵Ѿô
ǰȷǱˣ˵һ, ֺ˲٣Ȱ˵ѾͬҼһˡ
Ȼ鲻֪˵ʲôֻҪԸ±Ѿһ롣
¾Ҳ֪죬Ķ˵ɻģ
Լʲôʱ

ڽգʱҴҡ
΢΢˶һԼơ
Сӵĵ̫Щ¾ֻһЩȻѵ
Щѵڹ˵ҲЩѡ
ÿʱһԼڳ˵ܼ
ڣѾЩˡ
Ҫһȥô¾̧ۿ˿һԣʣһָȵ
ɱ𣬡΢΢ЦЦǸˣүɷģ˾Ͳˡ
ɷ¾üͷ΢Щ˵سѯʡ
˿ûб¾ģŵϵЦ֣
үⷬ飬ɲɷô
˵ˣЩɷ£ǲЩԲۣ
¾һǰֱӽ
ȹӦֱѹϵѨ
ʶ̧ȻڽʱѾȼմ
ɷţ
ָѨϰѹţ¾ֽѯ˹һ顣
齫ϵѹ¾ϣֱҲ׳
ţɷ˺¼ˣ
Сûĵġ
¾ͳһȻ˵еĶȴᡣ
һ׼ǰ֪ͨŵĬĬһվڽ䲻֨
үôֿʼˣȥӸ»üô
𰸵Ȼġ
ڹ¾Ҫµˣûһ˱ֿˡ
ù֮¾ͬһȥд£ͬһȥ
Ҳ֪ǲǽô¸棬
չӹʱͬ
뿪ǰʻûã˲ԣ
ȥѧʿϵ·
ȻδȥѧʿϣȴܹŴ뾩дµĲֲ³һ
ľǣǻʹҹĸۡǾһЩ̽ϲĹԱԼ¹ס
ڵĺѧʿ´ˣ˳жڳΪ١
ڸѧʿ´˵ĸס
ֻҪ΢²һ£֪´˵ĸۡӦڳ
ʻķȴЩƫ
ȷȥѧʿ·
ͷ϶˹Ĳ²⣬ͬʱ˽ͣ
ϲѧʿ΢һЩѧʿϰ˳
лһ˿Ȼѧʿӣǲ˰ɡ
ȻĲ²⣬Ҳû˵ڡ
ûãͣ
ŹһλñȽƫƧԺǰ
СԺλȻΪƫƧΧĻȴΪ
÷ǡʱ÷֮ʣһȥϺ÷㣬ǼǴ㣬̲סС
Ϊ͵˽ŸСԺĴ¡
˴Ժ߳򿪴ţŹ͹˽ȥ
ǿŵ˴СԺһ·󣬱һͤͣ
үھ鷿λӴ·ֱ߹ȥˡ
ү֪ˣȥɡ
Դû˿⣬˻ʾ£ӹĶܿ²ǵһη
º󣬹ĵҲ˵һ㣺
ϲƽЩûõԸ㲻óȻȥš

΢΢ͷʾԼ֪ˡ
ͬʱ˫۲ͥԺд̽һ
СԺڲĻͬԺⲢû̫԰÷
ΪסʣСԺȻ󣬵ȸСȫĿƷΪɡ
һԵСп˲Ļ֡
˴˵ὫΪԴ
Ψһ̫гıԺڣΪ
ܹԶڻūͣҪСԺûл˵Ĵڡ
СԺвͬѰļžԺֳһ󡪡
Ƨдһ˿дһ˿ľǷϡ
Ժп̻ŹģʱѾƿ鷿Ĵš
ŹĶͬʱһ΢Щ
ˣ
֮ʱֻ˾һ
Ҫôȥأ
ƺһ˿翣Ȼƺһ˿顣
ͬ峿ĵһ⻮˼֮ʱüǵһУ֮ס
˳ķȥҲڼ®ɽĿ
Ժп̻ĹƧǷϵȻͬ
ʱ鷿еˣһɫۣĳֻԺزһֻһ飬޳ϸָشҳϣ¶͸һϢ
ʹǹϲͣڼĻʱƺЩףʲôİ񣬹˫ˡ
ѹ˻õʱ򣬾֮ͬôҹүǣȴܳˡ
Ȳ˵ѧʲΣȣԶǳܱ⡣
ڹ۲ͬʱҲע⵽վڹߵ
飺
Ӧñǹүˣ
ţĵܣ顣
΢΢ͷתͷվԼߵĹ飺
ͬ˵
ӣ΢΢˹֡
үһᡣ
Ҳͬһֽе£
Ƚɣֻ²Уʲôдܵĵطү
˵Լ֮ʱȻƽû˿ڡ
̬ⷬȣѾȫˡ
ȹٴοڣվһԵĹ̲סˣ
˵һؿʲôƽҲûдңȸ軹ҪԼݣҲûҺյǿˣ
˵⻰ͬʱֱӴŹ߽鷿·һԲǰ
ԼһԵСзһ޲ҶһԵĲʼ
ⷬȻ
һ۱㿴˱ģǡǰȥжײߡ
ɽƽԺﲻԸҾȤõʲôŸҲһݣ߱ǰġ
ע⵽Ŀ⣬æţɽǹı֣
ⲣǳԹС֣֮
˵ޣȴеĺ壺
һҤⲣǴҤƳģʲô֮Ӳصġ
⻰ϵıȻһЩ
ұˡ
ʲôûмˡ
ǰչʱ㱻߸һѵã¡
ȴ֣˵߹͸٣
һֻ֮һҪ︺
Σ£еЩ
ǡ棬ھһ£ų׷
ǷˣһݲĹȴˣ
ô˵Ļô㲻ţרŰ¶ó飿
ҵĲǣǸ
ҲʶԼոǷٶĲףȻ˹֡
ȴֱӻ˻֣ף
ף
Ȼ˵ĲȴͬĹϵеĻҪ׽һЩ
ȻҲƵǶӵ̬ȣϵı鷴͵Ĳ٣ЦŻ˹һ䡣
ΪйڵԵʣһյĹ򣬹֮ͬû˼ʱǹ֮У˴֮Ҳ˲ٿס
̸Ƭ̣㷢֣ѧʶԶиԨ
ҪùۣǱǲʢ
ʹȣվʷ֮ǰ˲
ѧʶ֮ϣɸо硣
̸ཻЩڽ⡣
֮ǰѾʮ׼
˵ձ֮ʱֱӽ׼õļƻģ˳ͬϸϸ˵š
꾡ļƻ飬ϸϸĶһȴþûпڡ
ķӦù鲻룺
кβף
ƻ£Ƭ̺󣬸˹϶Ļش
ȷЩס


63 
еļƻ, û˵ʲôطףͻȻһ⣺
ŹүǰЩӸ飿
ȻƽŲ緢, ҲȫȻ֪
񱾾ǺѣǰЩӹΪϴͻǰԹ
š΢΢ͷ
, һ²⣺
үͬµĸӦǲˣ
Ȼֻǲ²⣬ȴƶ
˵¾, Ĵǲ, ϵıʱ˲٣
ȷ
ˡ
ָ˶, ÷ϵļƻ飺
µ, Ȼпƿڴ֮, ˾٣ӦҪƾп࣬ŤתնµĿɣ
ʱ, ڹĳƺ, Ҳ˱仯
ӹȻ񡣡ԭĿ, Ҳû, ɿһ䡣
ѹ֮ʱԹ˵Ĳѧ
ǵûзǳ⣬ڵ, λ˳˰ɣ
δ䣬ûнӹĿ佱, ݼƻһ飺
˾ټΪݼƻ, ĳ϶ʱ䣬ܹƿؾп, ѧӼӵмߵ
ձǰչֻ˵һ̺ܿ̽Ĵѧʡ
ˣҲӦͬһ档
ռϸļƻ飬ٴαһ
øʢ˽˵ڿձʱҲЩ硣
뷨ߵ⣬ԶԶܴﵽĸ߶ȡ
˵ⷬʱû˿ףϡ
ޡ
佱ȴЩҽӡ
ϾձҲվ˾˵ļϣӵűǧʷ飬ܹķӡ
ҹԤУһ䣬˵ձĲ֮ˡ
Ȼ黰䣬㿪ˣ
Ȼձ뼫ΪûȵƿסпࡢѧŵƳ֮ʥϻ룿ָԴ
˻һԭľ鷿ƺøӳˡ
һʱ䣬ûκһ˵
Ҳһʸһ亹
ûǸʱ򣬻ֻ룿
ֻ¾Ҫȡ֮λҪһõ
ȴڵĻɽ׳ǲ⣬ٻλʮꡣ
Թ佫ĳ֮ˮݣΪͣΪϵ˲ϣ˫һҡ
ڽǿһƻ飬Ԥ£ѧӵ
ѾһͣȵձЩ붼Ϊʵ֮±Զˡ
νǧǱһʧǡǡ©һ㡣
еϵЩɵؿڣ
ӵ˼ǣձǲܰˣ
ձȻùЩź봴ձĺȣƺҲûʲô˵ˡ
ٲպ¿ҵ˵֣ȻٶһЩҲͬƿؾۡ
ǲܰ죬ڹоձʱȴڷ˹Ļǲ졣
죿
üͷ΢壬죬ܽ˭죿
Ϊµ£һҲ
ǿ˹еɻʱڣ
ǧ£ȻҪˡ
ȻȻӵųѷ˵ľǽƽȵĽ**Ӱˡ
ڷ⽨˼ȻҲͱһ֡
ἰԣŷ־Ȼôһ·ӿߡ
ǡʱ̧֣豭һڣ˹һ⣺
˽⵱ô
Ƿǳ˽⡣
˼Ƭ̣ȷظһش
Ԩˣ鲢û̫оΨ֪Ǵеܡ
밲ʱȻһΣɾЩ͸
ϲã˽⵹Ҳ
ڹش𲢲⣬еĲ豭תͷһԵùһ飬˹ǰ
ȿ
鴹˿Լǰ飬ûκּӦԼдּǡ
һҳĿȻ㿴һ˿޵Ʈ塣
󣬹ע⵽ݡ
ϸ˿鷢֣¼ĺһЩı仯
ʱ򣬹Ķ߱ĵ˵
Եλжʮأڼ䷢ٰʮʮ࡭
ڹⱾּǣԨλ䲼
Խ󿴣Խܷһص㣺
ǱԨƺеģҰġ
ҰģǰҪһͳ£ҪʷҰġ
İÿһǴӰճҪո
ֻϧԨΪƽӹҲûԭ
Щ
̫ƽĳδزгЧ
ƫƫǵ̫ƽǰſƽϢս
ٰʮоųɶùʣһɣͬЧ΢
ٿԨ䲼һЩܹǰʮһȣҪ˲١
һ仰˵ǱԨʼЩļˡ
ı飬֪ѾԼ˼ֻһ䣺
ݹЩãǴʱϽһʷĽ飬Σ
ΣﻹҪ룿
Ȼ̶ܹȵػԨĺøУ
֪Լ˼ܽ᣺
ձ͸ϣҲûк֮ǣȫ
ܽᣬҲ˾ϡ
ȷϲ£´ĺôѾ˼±Ҳǲ͡
뵽鲻˹֣
лѡ
յѣ¹Ҫȵձ֮ʶ⡣
ʱҪΣЩˡ
ˡһѶѣʲô¡
ձԺĹûǽĿģ
ͬ˵ô࣬Ҳ⶯֪ȵպձ֮ӿԸ
ͳⷬɲձһ뷨ûС
ŶŲ豭һ٣ο϶ϻὫձĲ½
ȻձύϣձĸˣȻҪָɡ
һ㣬˵һҲģ
˭佻߰㣬罻ƯƯġ
ֲɵ
Ͻ֮ʱȻύϸļƻ顣
ֻҪһţûձҪԱɡ
ϼȻҪձʷȻݲһ
ʱӵƼƻ˭ʺϴձأ
Źŵı飬еĲ豭
Ǳձ֮ʱĳҲ١
Ȼû˵Ҳף⻰˼ǴӦˡ
ʱã³ŵ
ʱҶţ¹ӳɽ


64 
֮ǰ, Ͳ
֮󣬹˺ų̈ס
Ϊһֱùͷ۵ձܱѡȷ
Ϊ̸ĹУ鷢λев֮
ѧ峵, й֣ʹǰ, Ȼйãȴ˿ס
, ڹġЩ, ڷ⽨Ĵ󱳾Щ׵, ҲѸٴ֮, ͬʱнԵĻش
ֻǳǳ̸, ܹȵձӪ֮˹ֻĳ
Ƕ̶̼ʱĹ, ˱ӡʼ, ֮, ཫΪ֪
ʼ֮õĹ, 仰岻ȥ
ڿ˽̸ĳ֮ʱˡ˿ɣ
ܸʶǶǴ
Ͼⷬͷȥ, ⡪ʱµǽǣԼĵܵܡûаѳסӳǽ
뵽, ԺƺѾֳɱڵģ
ڹԺѾ뵽򡪶·, ҪôԼĵܵܺͺڵʱڽ˽̸
ѾûͬйʱĽʱѾ˵ƣ̬
ڼ֮ʱ, Ҳû
ϯĳ࣬պǵÿǰĳɨӭ
ԭڽ̸Ĺһûȥһ仰һû
ˡ
Դϴξ¼󵽽
Ѿˡ
ûм˭ɨӭ
뵽ԼеĵǲǶࡣ
ƫƫ룬ǵûоܾ˴𸴣
ո࣬պǵÿգ߶š
Ź潻ˡ˴˽֪
ȵ뿪СԺ͹ظ֮󣬹˰Σ̲סˣ
ȣ鰡
ʲô
ʱոһ˾úĽ̸ǹŵЦݡ
ЦݣԭЩĻŵĹи
ô
ܺðȫ֪µĹʲôҲ˴𰸣£黳ȣǫǫӣǡ
⼸佱ֱùС⡱ˡ£طǸֹѾѿڶ
үȣΣ
ΪʲôҪүȡ
黰˵һ룬ڲ˲ԣ͵̧ͷǡýʱϸӵ龡۵ס
Ϲʱ١ֵı֣黹ʲô׵ģ
ʱ䣬Ҳ˵Ϊӡ
Լ״磬˵ȥҲǿѹסҪֵͷҧ
Ȼȫϲ͡
û˵ȣϲ¾
ΪıȽϣûκαҪĳ˵ҲǶԱȽ˫衣
ϲʲôͣ
뵽գԼҵܵܿʱķӦбѾ˴𰸡
ʱ򣬹ﻹ֪ԼոǷжЦ
ּ̧ԼҵܵܡҪֵģ֪
æԶСϣ
ȣոͷԷȺǧϣ
˵֮뵽ʲô
ˣҲǧҪ𡣡
ɲ֪£ԺлᳰЦ
ֻ˹һۣûлش

ӶˣӶأ
Լ֮ڽﲻ˵ģ鵹Ҳˡ
ǡʱҲǰ򵥵ͬ˸𣬱
ҪǰٲûŹ˵ڹҲأȻæؽ
ش֮󣬹鲢ûȥϢתȥ鷿
鲻һϲӵˣȻѾձϣȻҪдһרųʽϵļƻ顣
ԭظʱЩˣ֮ͣʱǻƳ֮ʱ
ԭȥаµ¾ʱҲѾظѰ鷿
ǰոշ±ʵģ¾Щɻ
ʲôҪô
ദˡʱ䣬¾ԹϰЩ˽⡣
ʹڸѾ˲֣ȴȲ
ҹʲôΪҪ£㲻ٴ
ǡ׼ȥ¾ڼֱӽԼոдõļƻ
ȷǱȽҪ£үȿ
ձ滮ƺǰոҪԲ٣
¾ͷϸˡ飬Щɻ
ǼԲ٣вɲĵطͻ˴ձĺô
˵ǹ滮˵ǹձĽܡ
үĿ棬۱㿴еĹؼССط¾һ£
ſڣҲȥ𣿡
Ȼ㽫̸ͬͬ¾˵ˡ顣
¾ֻһ֪˹ľ
ձ踸ʹ
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˰֣˵ձϹ˵ǽձķ˴¾˻ϡ
˵ȻСЩʧĺôȴԶԶЩʧ
˭¾ĻشֻУû˵˳Ĭ
ȹѯʣ¾Ѿڣ
ձ踸ʣģ
ʵ¾ʵǣֵ
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ԵĲ˵˵óЩǲǻӡˢձһûа취ľӡ
ѰֻҪСӵСٻ
ڣЩȴҪսľ˼Ӱ죬Ҫ˼ó֮󣬻ʲôĺ
Ϊպǰ̣ҪԼĶˡ
ֵ
Ǻεºܣܹõ˶Դ
룿ԭ¾Ϊʲôʳ⡣
̧۶¾ʱӵĸִš˿Ƿ񣬶ʱ¾е뷨
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ţ¾жˡ˿ɻѵ
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ƲƲ죬Ҳձȱ㣺
Ϊһ治¡

ҪУ۸ȻͲ̫ߣѧǮ
۸ˣЩҵ׵ѧӣҲÿն
ӺֽĶΪǮ಻ĶۣҲ֤ʵ⡪㡣
ڹļƻУڱֽĶͬߣƻΪǮһݡ
۱׼Ǯž൱ںġǮ
ȣӡˢɱȴ˲١
Ȼûӡˢڵӡˢܹʡٳɱ룬ֽͬǼ۸񰺹ݳƷ
ӡˢһձҪֽɱҪʮġ
Ҳ˵ÿһձĿʮҡ
⻹ûīԼ˹ĳɱ
Ȼܹĩ׸λãͬǴƼңȻа취ձӯ
Ҫǣֽӯķǹˡ
ǿǹǰᣬǽձ
ձڽ٣Ҳûǰڣĸ̼һûбż˵³Ǯձϴ棿
ǰڵͶز٣Ҫʱ侫ȥͶʡ
Ͷ֮󣬺ܹӯʱȴȷɲǸ߷
֮⣬鴴ձֳǸΪҪšİ飬ֱڵϷ衣
⽨ᣬƽͷϰ˭鳯
ѧҪۣҲ֮Ÿҿڡ
¾ΪɽͳжƷԱ岻סŵڣ
ʮҲȥ¡
ϾǮķǧǧ򣬺αƫƫѡΪֺõġ
˵һˡܽ᣺
ԽձʣҷʡġЩ
¾ǵڡδӹ⡪
ǰ
ֻͬ˵ձܹۣ˽⾩ʵʱͬ˽õȵȺôȴûиеķա
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ţ¾̧ЩóҪɻʲô
ү֪ƥĵ
Ȼ˽˵¾飬ʵ¾սҲ඼Ըֱˬֱֱ佫
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ദʱ䲻̣᲻֪⡪㣿
΢΢̾˿ɴཫ˵ĸֱˡЩ
ΪΪֻҪ㹻棬ôΪߣ볣ս֮УΪ𣿡
š¾΢΢ͷȴشﲩŻΪ˿еķ⣬˽ҧϡڡ
ǳֶķһٶʮ򣬱ѾôӼۡүƾʲôãǲӡˢЩǳжסأ
¾Լ˼ֱӷʳ
ûи¾شĻᣬԹԸ˴𰸣
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⻰˵ȻЩˣȴȫûе
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չĴǣóЩԱȫԼҲɡ
ʱ򣬴֪Ҫձ֮󣬡ֱš¾Щɶ
⡪Ĺ̴ϣָ˸¾üۣ
ҵﻹ಻ڲͻӡˢ룬үձ϶ԲңԺ໤ҡЩɡ
ã¾üͷʱչŹ飬ᶨԺ㣡


65 
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Ԩ΢΢ü, Ȼ뵽ʲô΢΢ͷ¾Ļʾͬ
ԨΪʵ, ȻǾŮӦںլֵַغȲͻ
ʹˣȻѾ޸¾, ҲӦһӦĵ¡
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Դ鷿ڻⲣ֮Ԩҹ֮¶ǰʡ˲٣
뵽ⲣҲǹϾʱ䵷ĳ, ־ùġ֡ʲôˡ
յͷԨʶ˲ԡ
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ʱԨ뵽ǰ¾רŽͲֵĳ
ѵǹʲôʵĶ¾͹
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ǰգ˵ЩģһЩ˵Ҫһʲô磬һش󣬶Ӧý½ɸʾϡ

磿Ǻ
İĴԨȻȤǡÿ¾е౨̧̧֡
վһԵ״æ첽ǰ¾е౨˹תʸԨ
ù౨Էһۡ
ԭԨϻЩģƣⱨ絽ʲôģձֵΪ֮ԨĿҲԽԽ档
һϸϰ壬Ǹ»
ϱӾûٸ»дһݹձĴᳵݣ
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ԨȻƽӹȴ޴ӹŴ棬ȻҲձǴиͷ
౨ԨЩӵؿ¾
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˭¾ڳĬ΢֮ȴ˿ڣ
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죿Ϊʲô
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ԨԺиֲ²֮ⷭʱ¾˹֣
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ͬ¾˵ⱨĹ֮󣬻¾Ϊյʴ˲ٸ塣
෽֮ѡһ󣬹Ϊʵʵ˵Ϊɿ
ԨȻƽӹȴʲô֮ˡ
ձ컨׹Ԩô͸еĺô
Ľڣ¾װ׵ظԨⱨĺô̫̯̫࣬Լе֧Ųס
Ȳ˵Եʲô˵
洳˻תͷؼԼʰ̯ӣⲻ쾭
ȻԭзŸԨһ΢΢
֪뵽ʲôЦһ
ǵǹԾ
Ц⣬Ԩʱ鲻
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鷿⣬ȴ˶
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Զ¾鷿о˵ʲôɵȻ޴֪
ֻܴ֦ĩڵϢУ׽ҪϢ
¾ȥ鷿ƺָʲôʺϲõ֮˵Ĵá
¾뿪ʱ򣬸ƺָһʲô£˵ʲô¾Ҫ룬ú֮໰
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ץӷε˯žɲͬ¾ɲҪ̫á
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ˣ֪ǰЧԨʮΪǰڵʽ
ȻʮǰͶɱȣһ룬ǰ׵õǮҪײҪ
õԨּԼʽ𣬹㳹û˺֮ǡ
˶Աλÿʼѡַ׼ıһӦˡ
Ȼֻǰ׼׶ΣҲûǳȥһˡ
һǶԼȥɽĳŵ
ձһеʱԼݡ
˶ձĵһһ³һʼС
ھ껹࣬гʱȥ׼ֽǵݵͬʱҲܽһ衰󡱵Ԣ⡣
գ¾ջصûϵ磬һվһԵһ䣺
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¾ʣȻûԭ
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ƽͬ¾һͬ䣬һճȥԺʩĽչ⣬ƺû˱¡
ƫƫǸвˣοûôʱ鵹ǸԼ˲
Ӧ¾ͬԨʱ˵Ǿ䡰ƽϲԼһЩϡŹֵĻ
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ʹûп飬ӹԴ͵, ¾ܲ²ӦѾ˽չ
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¾΢΢ͷ϶˹Ĳ²⣺
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ڹϱ, ĶʵҲ㲻ر䣬ѩҲĸ
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֪û˸ոյţŵؿڣ
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ʼԭӦȻӦҪȴҡ
ΣֻõڶǱˮ
ˮÿƻжԣҲͬǽעƤֱӽӴ֮󣬲Ƕ顣
ǰʵЧãǳЧ룬ˮͿһ
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ŹСӣ¾ҲĶӳֻ᲻صظһ㲻Ͼľ棺
´Σֱʴ粽ظ㡣
֪¾ǲͬƽˣæصͷ
֪ˣ´εģ
תֿ¾ݹĽֹ¾СͬʱɹԹԽ˹һںȥ
ȵ齫ʱȻ¾ı˲١
¾ٳոȥԺӲ׵£æʼתƻ⣺
Ȳ˵ˣү
˵ţתóһСľӡ
˹תƻ⣬¾Ҳûֻ˳ŹĶĿľ֮ϡ
¾㿴齫ľд򿪣ó
һͲģƷ¾
У¾ȴܹõȻҤĲ
ЩǺ
ֽһŰѱͬһСģƷС
һۣ˴𰸣
үезŴ󾵡
Ŵ󾵣¾תתеķŴ󾵡
ġ
֣Ŵ󾵴¾˻Ȼ̯˷Ŵ֮£
үҵǲǾͱŴ˲٣
ʾ¾֪Ŵ󾵵ȷ÷
Ŵ󾵴ӹнӹԼϿ˿ֵȷˡ
ΪԵʣѾ˲ٲƷȴûһܹƷŴЧ
Ȼ֪ԭҲ¾Ϊ˸е̾
¾ǿĿ˵ܹٲĵز
Ŵ󾵶ôھ֮̾¾⽫Ŀƶ˹ó֮ϡ
ע⵽¾Ŀ⣬һһ¾ţ
۾үǰЩӲǲͬ˵ڿѾǰ𣿶ҲǸʣвĳҲš
û
¾ͷشͬʱƺЩ۾ˡ
Ļ֤ʵ¾еĲ룺
۾ã˥˵ˣڴܹ֮ǰǰ㿴
˵¾ʶ۾
Ȼȴϣ㱻ֹˣ
үүû⣬ῴоͷۻүĺ棬ø˷ԣ˷ĸܱɡ
͵˷Ҳϻ⣬
۾ʱ򣬱Э
ⷬ¾֪۾ӦΪ׼ģֽˡ
۾ʱ¾ָⴥʣµǼͲƷ
ȻѾˣ¾˳ֽѯʵ
Ǻ
Ҹү׼
Ҳ֪ǷŴ󾵻۾¾̫ȤͷϷ
˹һССĹӣ¾Ȥ֮󣬲Ÿ˴𰸣
Զ


67 
Զ
¾ԭΪ˵͸Ȥ, ֣¾ки
ǰķŴ󾵣Զ, Ͽƺͺܺˡ
¾ЩףССͲ, ôܹԶأ
ţ¾ԶԼе˵, ŷⲢǡ򵥵Ͳ, Ͳм, ҲǶżڷŴĲƬ
ЦЦ, ¾ߵ˴, ƿȴȻתͷվԼˣ
ү￴Ժǿ
¾̧, ǡÿԿСԺ, ЩԶλ, С
ͺ, ʹѾ¡дУرǰѩ֮, װعģǺÿ
ֲ, 㲻ϡ棬ӦҲֵùרۡ
¾ʹ˾ٵĺʱ, Ѿȡˣ
үܿϵҶô
Ŵԣ¾¿, Ȼſڻش
ĲС
ҳϸΪǰѩʱҶҲѻ˲ٻѩ
ʹ¾ܹﵽٲĵزʱɲ̫ܿҶĿ
¾Ļش֮ЦЦԶ¾˹ԼǰԵԡµݸ¾
үͨԶҶ
¾Ȼ֪ԶãҲܿոյʱĶ
ֽԶӹչոյĶǰȥ
ʱ¾㾪ȵط֣ܹϵҶܿҶ϶ѻĻ
ѩģ
ָоֻߡ
˵ոյķŴ󾵺۾¾˵Ǽߣ˵ȫõĻ
Զ¾ãá޷ش
¾ǡ佫ڼʶԶܹ׾ٵؿԶƷ󡣵ڡӦǿԽԶõս֮ϡ
Ҫ֪ս֮ϣյзϢ˵ǾʤĹؼڡ
ÿοս֮ǰǼΪҪġҲ֪ʿ
ԶܹԶĵطǴⴰԺľ룬ǸԶأ
ֻǴԺӵŵľ룬ѾԴͷԱĴˣ
뵽¾ЩƲסԼĵļæѯʣ
֪ԶԶܹԶľ룿
Զܹľ룬˶ģүǰٱԶƷŴٱĻ
˼Ƭ̣ɴֱӾӣ
ү񣬿ٲĵزүҲΪˣ
㲻ϹˣҲѰ˺ϡЩԹĿޣ¾ѵЩǫ
ǰٲˡ
˽¾֪ʡ
΢΢ͷʼзɿؼţ
Ϊףٲǡʮס
ԶǰٱԶʮ׵İٱǱǡǧףΪǧױʮ
֮󣬹ֱӿڣ
үԶܹүڿʮļʱֻͬٲ㡣үոҲ˵ˣԼˣѰ˵
ԶӦֻܿʮʮļаɡ
ԡ¾ֱ˵
˵ǹеʮǺʮﵽʮѾ¾ϡ
Ҫ֪¾ʼģСԺŵľ룬ξ룬
֪ӣ¾Ϊڿڳԡ
ɾ¾ҲЩţ
˻棿
ȻΪ档
ЦЦ¾ɣ¾ʱҪȴŵģѵÿɰ
ֻԶʹҲΪֻ̣ûڵĵطʹãүǲţȥԣ
뾩вٸɽɽɽ۵ףԶȻٺʲ
¾Ӷǹ˵ġʮʮʮ⻰ﻹס
תʼԸֹҪֱӳȥ
¾תߵģЦõؽ£
үǲң
Դˣ¾Ҳ˴𰸣
䣬ǡڡ
Ȼ¾û˵꣬㱻ϣ
үңԼԶˣ
¾δ˵ڵĻʱ㱻ɤۡ
ʱԶ֮ǰȷԶϵˡ
¾ϵɶæˡ䣺
ҡЩˣ⼸ҡֱڸҲЩƣóȥ͸͸
ɫǳ¸ϲϹس֮ǰظ
ʱѾ쵽ʱʻŴҪСʱ֮Ҫ
ʻʱ䡣
붬ŹرյʱҲЩ磬ʱţҲ˵ֻʣˡʱʱ䣬أôҲ̫ܸϵϡ
Ȼ¾ݣʹǳѾرգҲسǵ¿š
ϰ˾еϽ¾ϲ
ˡҲش
ɡ
¾˵ʲôȴѾԵĴϣ˳㽫¾ĴҲ¾ϣ
ûʲôǵģֲûͬү˹
գ˻Ϥ¾
ѾϤϵ֮Ҳ˲٣ȻҲܹˡ
¾ǳûлˣֻŹĶ˹顪ͬš
ֹȻ֪ʱԼүͻȻΪ£еĶȴû˿ԥʱ㽫¾ǣ˳
Ȼֹ㿴Լүŵͬ˱ŵķȥ
ѾϰԼү֮ͬ޼䣬ֹɱͻľٶŪ˸ͷˮ
ѵүоʲôµĲ˵
ͬʱֹҲûǷֱӸ˵
ʱϽ֮¾ֱӳɽֶȥʱŹ˰ɽ
ͣº¾ѯʹ飺
Σ

΢΢ͷ
ȻطƸߵ㣬Ҳܹǳڵģ۵ס
֪¾ļҪ¾ڣֱӽԶ˳
ǰԡתֵݸ¾
үڿˡ
ʹڳǵ⡪
·ʱѾ侲˲٣ʹѾ׼
ڽԶӹܵӳĻʱ¾ɱˡ
ͬڣӴԺ
ʱ¾Ӱɽ򾩳ǣܹᵽԶܹսϵá
˴뾩Ѿľ룬Զ¾ֻܿнסĲ֡
Ȼڣ¾ܹؿڳϣڻ̸ཻλسǵ
ҲܹڳڣߺȵС
ܹЩԺǽϰ˼ɨˡ

ǲ¿¾Ҳ֪Զȷͬԣܹ˿ʮΡ
ԺĽʿʮ֮⣬֪طű
뵽Ǿˣ̩ɽǰҲ治ɫ¾Ҳ̲סЩļ١


68 
ʱ¾ľ벻, ôܲ¾ļ
°һؿ¾
үԶΣ
Ǽá
¾Ҳ˹𰸣뵽ʲô
Զ𣿡
鵱Ȼ֪¾Ϊʲô, ޷¶ѵãھƹ㣺
үӦҲ, óƬ벣֮, ʵǲһ, ȻϸһЩ, Ҳѡ
⻰, ¾ڷġ
ת뵽ʲô, æ飺
Ƭˡ
үİɣֹŵùġ
¾˵֪꣬ڵʲô, ֱӸ˴𰸡
ŴԼ۾Ҳ, ԶȻ˵͸¾, Ȼ֪õġ
ôԱɸѡϳ©
ʵڻո˵ʱ, ¾֪ԼĵǶˡ
ǣԴһЩĽĹȥοԶ
רֹˣȷԼ뷨
ڹ֪¾ҲΪ, Żʳ⣬ûзϡ
ֻ̧ۿű¾еԶ
Ƚүʹã
á
ڹ, ¾ȻֱܾӽԶ½˹顣
¾ǼΪ, ѧٶҲ
һĹ¾ѾѧԶʹá
ѧ֮¾һ˵ǼªԶ, Щ֡
վڲԶֹǰˣٲ̾ҪϲϹسŵʱˣ¾طеԶ
үҲѧԶ
ˣ˿գүҸʵĵط˳ԶүԶ񲻸ã
¾ĲᣬЩʧЦ
־¾ƽʱǸ侲Ȼ·𲻹ʲô¶ܹ̫ģϲһЩ
ͬ󣬹ͬ¾˵¾ᣬȫ˱Ц˱ֱŤͷߡ
ʮ꣬ĩ֮ǰû߳ѧУ԰ѧ
Ȼ¾ȴԼĶʮƽϰʮģ
յԶ֮¾ӷӦеģ
ʱ¾ҲѾ侲֪˵е
ظɡ
ظ·ϣ¾Ҳûʱǰ㣬ڻУԵůӡ
Źسŵʱǵģˣٲûᱻسǵ¡
Ȼ¾ĵλԼЩǵڿ¾ӳԶԶ֮ʱƬ̡
һˣڳŹر֮ǰ˻ȥ
õԶۿɼ¾á
ص󣬼ʹ֪ڸԶܷӶã¾ɻ̲סһ
ڶǡֵ¾壬ϳͬȥ;еî
һ磬ͬ鳿֮¾ֹһ˳ǡ
һΣ¾ֱȥ˳ߵһɽ壬ڷ嶥ϺúøһԶô
һ֮£¾֪һ䡰ʮԷ顣
ԲһЩֹ꣬Զ֮Ҳܿʮ￪
Ȼ֮£֮̽ʱԶҪĹֻҪ֪зж˱ɡ
һƽĵ֮ϣԶʮ
ʶ
һʱǹ鲻ԣ¾ָܽ鱧ϼࡣ
Զ¾ǸӰˡ
¾ת䣬ȻҲе˿С
£ȻûۣҲףֱֹͬ£
ֹ㷢Դ֮үϵı仯ԽԽˡ
šֹ΢΢ͷûзϡ
ֹһĸܷԡ
ϾԴ¾֮ʵĸ౻תƵڣϹһͬ
ֹ꣬Щһֱ¾ȻܹԵظоԼүϵı仯
ҲүˣϾˣ˭ᡣ
һֱϹӴʱ䲻٣Ȼܹᵽ˸
һֱߣʹʵҲЩѱģһʼӹķԸǰ¾
ദʱԽʵ̬㿪ʼת䡣
¶ɢһѹȸе¾ͬƺһħ̲סŷ
ټϷֹǳܱ⣬ɫôʧأֻܻѪ֮ʶԹֱķڷ
ڹеĵλ˵Ѿﵽ˺¾ƽƽҪ¾ԸһЩĵز
ȷˡֹۣⷬͬûз΢΢˵ͷ
һµͷǽҿʵķӡֻһ㿪ʼŹĲʺƨ
Ҳö԰ɣ㿴ûÿ˵үһһ⣬˵ЩϡŹֵĵӡѹүĶ
˵ʶ˶٣뵽ʲôתͷֹ꣺
Ǹʽ˷ǲ
Ƿ˵ôģȻôϡŹֵ뷨
ֹ֪ĬȻô֪
Ҳ֪𰸣ԼĲʺƨ
ĻǰǸԶ㿴үϲЩû֣ҹӦûүյˣ
ȻӸոտʼһֱ˳ʻ˵ֹ꣬ʱȴιιҡҡͷ
һ
Ҳʿʼûԣ׼տڣ˲ԣΪʲôһ
ֹ죬˵ʲô
뵽˹ܵĻֻҡҡͷ
ûʲô
Ȼֹ֪û˵ʵҪٸʵס
乲¶꣬ʱκ˶˽ֹ쵽жϣֻηתŹڹĲʺƨ
ʲôԼظĿޣܹԹ鵽жƳ硣
ͬʱҲͬ¾ҹ̸
ү³֮󣬱ǽյĶ鷿ͺһݡ
ţ֪ˡ
¾Ҳ˵ͷ
ʱ뵽ʲôһ䣺
бԶүȽǸ͸ʰɡ
ţ¾ЩˣϾ͵еĶͳȥġ
ƬЩ£ûµģµĳү
һ㣬ʵǹļһ©
еõ˵ȷ٣Ҳܲס¶࣬һȥЩˡ
չһûע⣬㽫ƬĹ˳˽ԶϹ
¾еǵһԵЩֲڡ
ȵظʱµҲ͹ˣ
ǰľ飬µԶٲĸӾϸһЩ
ǹɴ¾͸ϵĽ顣
˵豾ô
͸¾Ķ٣¾Ҳ⽫еԶ͸ʵۡ
ظʱ򣬱õµˡ
ڼ΢Щʱ¾ȴ̲סҪŪһ
¾û뵽ǣһŪǵõһĴ𰸣
Զֲϡ棬͸ү˾
˼ǻиϡĶ͸ˣ
¾ı˺ģԶϡ棬ʲô㣿
ȻˣүĪˣһǷүһأ
˵ô¾һ£Ӧֱ֮Ȥ׼ͱʲô
ϴιΪ¾뵽Ȼܹ鵱Ȼ㲻
˭֪¾һ֪޲ԵĹȴһӣ
ү³֮󣬱֪ˡ
һҪȵ³֮󣿡¾üͷ΢ûס׷ʡ
ȻҪȵ³֮󣡡
Ҳֱӵ˵ͷЦڻû׼أó¾ϳʱȥ׼ɲõȵ³֮
Ϊ¾ѵõ׷ʣûõ𰸣־Щ̣ûסһ䣺
үģ϶ûмرϲĶ
ô
Ҫ˵ո¾ֻѯʣôѾȫ˺ģҪ֪͸ʲôˡ
ϾǰսԶʱ򣬹鶼û˱ֹ
ֻϧһΣǾһףûи¾𰸣ֻ˵ͷƶ
ǵģ
֣ⷬ¾֪Ӧʲˣֻա
գ֪𰸣ҲѰ


69 
Զǰ, ¾ȻԹǸûмһǳϲ˼ĺ档
˵黹ֱԣǼǹ͸Ķ
Ź˵ⷬʱϵС飬¾Ҫ³ֱ֮ӻظ
һЩΪ׼Ķˡ
ְڹյĽ, ¾Ҳֻʱе뷨£ȥ鷿һˡ

ʵ۸³ص鷿, ˵µҪϢ
Ҳ˻֣ʾµ˽˷Ž
ϸĻ, ܴԨϿһ˿Ȳ
ҲԨ, ʵЩ¾ÿ, ԨһЩСľϲ
绹û, һձҲûз, ЧҲ֪Ȳ˵ˡ
˵ǲ֣кˢֽ, С, Ѿ㹻Ԩϲˡ
ЩէһΪ, ʼ¾͹ʱԨﷸֹ
ԼԴӻؾ֮, ԽԽӢˣһСֵʦ͵鷿
ù˼֮Ԩ㷢Լ, һǴش
һС
ճҸбرƷ
ȻճҸеճƷʵĴʻ, ԨҲǴ¾Ŀ˵ġ
ԴЩС֮ԨǾԼÿϴʱˬ˲١
뵽Լÿ춼õЩС, Ԩ¾ܲˣܲڴ
¾⻹ûţԨѾʼв²ˣ¾Ҫʲôˡ
Ԩ¾ĵ
ϲ, һߣڹеĴϢ֮
ԭЦݵʱ
̣ûסᳰһ䣺
Щܵڿ졣
Ƴ˶еĲ벻ʡ
ԭһƷ裬Ц̵ĹҲһ˿⣺
Ͳ֪һΣʲôСˡ
Щ¾ȷ鷿ܵڿ졣
Ҳˣǲֽ֮ճС鷿һݵͬʱҲûǺ󹬵λ
ȻҲǵ˼ݵġ
ҲΪ˼ݣŸùᡣ
ϾһЩС뵽ЩСʱ򣬹˵Ļ
͸Ĳֽ
͸

Ҳˣùòܵģƽʱ
߱пһδϻۣһ˵һġ

ۼ¾ڻʵ۵ĿгֵĴԽԽֵ࣬ƵҲԽԽƵ
Ǽץӷûκΰ취
˭ʹӵֵûܹĳЩϡŹֵ˲ţ
ҲûȥһЩ˲Ϊãʲô׵£
ԭŽĶ
ȻʱܴЩСͬҲûʱ뵽Ρ
еǴӼףѡ
ϰ֮ƤۻµζôζŶƤõӣ
Ϊ
˴ӣǲҧһ̡
˭֪һΣֹûЩС֮Ȼ˵һʱ䶼ûˡ
ɰѹ˸Ǻ֪˹ٸƿ֮ջЭùǽЩС˳
ǼˣһΣб̲סʼᡣ
¾鷿ܵϢֻһһͷۡ
ǲûûˣ
Ȼͷۣȴûȥ鷿̽Ϣ
źôЩ꣬Ҳ֪ϵһЩɵġ
󹬵Ի̽Ϣڻ̽ʱͼ̸֪ݡ
ȥ̽Ϣ̽κݣջϡ
οЩ͸˻ʲôǻһݵġ
̽̽ģûˡ
ڹʱ򣬱㿴һд˽
ʹǱ͹ģ˵Ǳ͵
򿪿ɡ
¹ЩûپطԸš
һԣɫѿĴҲ΢΢ֱֱǽС
ȻͽҲΪȤ
ǡ΢΢д򿪣ó
ǰ¾ڸпֻһŲͺͺľӲͬ
͸һ棬ϺŵĻƻһ򣬶ľǱǶ˾֮С
˵˿װԭŵЩªľӣƻľһװΣ˲øߴ
⾵ӵǱǰҪϡһЩ
ںôã
λãȻʲô򵥵
ʹٲʱҲܹһΪ͹۵ۡ
Ǵӣ仰еľ޻δȫʧҲһ䣺
ϡҲһ澵ӰˣŮϲĶ
ⶫȷҲֻŮӸӸȤˡ
ҲǾ棬ǵһؿԼա
δʱòҲò˾޹
ʹʱҴңͲʱǰiҲһ˪ζ
֮£ҲǱˣڲ˿ϣɷ˴Լ
žеԼ˺һڴӱıأջԼĿ⣺
ȻŮϲĶӦǲȤġ
ԭѿɫʱ΢ɶ
ûԾ£ֻйŮŻ
ϡΣʲϲҪġ
Ȼӵĺ黹ûƬ̣һ
鷿ǱߴϢڼ֮ĴãΪˣ
ʲôǵЦݽȥ
ǰζҪˡ˵ͷæ仰˵˳
Ϣ󣿡
üͷ΢壬תۿϵЩ벻ͨ
²ϳʲôˣ
ʵͲƷǴαܿ
еǸϲĲߡƿﲻͬϸϲ֡
εľӣôûĴã
ֻĹȻ벻ͨģϾԨĴõģɲ

Ԩ˿Ȥ
֮ԨԸеЩϡ֮¾ٻЩ˼ЩŮҵĶ֮ϡ
˵ǼΪֱˡ
ԨϲģǷŴ󾵡۾Զ
Ŵϻ㲻˵ˡ
Ԩͱ˥˵ţõƷϻһŴһãŲ֣Ԩ뿴ѡ
ԶǸԨ˼ľϲ
¾һ֪ԶԿʮĳʱԨһӦǿõսϡ
Դ¾ճ֮Ӻù˲١
ʵȣĹɷǳ
ԨȻҪǵڼϢ֮Ŀԡ
ڶԶֱһôԨˣ
ѧԶʹúԨ˲캮
ֱӴȥ˻ʹߵĸ¥ϣһѽϾǾ۵׵ĳ졣
С㿴ǱиС̫໹͵أ
Ǳߣ޾Ȼܹϱ˸񳲣
ǱǻʹĹаɣ÷˰

ûԶȻԨ˵Щ
Ҳ͡
Ϊ֪ʱԨͷϣںǷء
ڸԨֵ¾
ʱѾ빬
ȻԨ¾ͬһԶ¾ѾϡԶˡ
Զ¾Ǹ֪׼ʲô
Ԩ¾Ը£ҲǿѾѧԶôã¾Ҳãͬ¾á
ԨԶ֣ͬ˵ֿ
ʲôʱ¾ѾĴš
սţ˳ӭ˵Է
¾ԣҲ룬ֱԷȥ
үˣ
սţ˹麬ЦɤҲ֪¾ļʲôҲӣ°ͣ
ү
¾˳Źһ۱㿴ϷŵһС
еĸӴţ¾ȻҲһ۱㿴ŵƷ
һذס


70 
ɫذױڵźɫ޲Ľ, ԵøĿ
ɫذûװΣԵøأҲûκεĵ׺
ذ, ҪУЩᡣ
Ȼھõ彣Ҳûװε¾˵, ȴǸոպá
Ȳ˵ذ׺񣬵ģ, Ѿ¾úǺˡ
үȿ
¾ذ׳ٳûж, ̲סѡ
¾, ֽذ״ӽ֮
ذ׸һ, ¾ذײֳǰƽƽ档
ûκװεذ׵뵶֮, ƺа
¾΢΢ζŹϸ˿ŷֵ뵶, ֱһֻ¹
ôС¹, ϲ𣿡
¾, һԵĹЦеѯʡ
ֻϧ, ڵ¾ѾǵǸС¾ˡ
ʱ¾ť»¾
ܹ治ɫŹĵ٩ܵϷȥ
Ȼ豾Ķ, ѵӦÿ
˵⻰ʱ¾˱ڹ¹һۡ
ȣ
һ, ǲˣϾС, ûӮ
ǽ¾Ǽˣµš˯
˽Ľ棬¾ɨ˹΢΢Ķһ, ջĿ⣬׷
ת۲Լеذס
Ǹո¾ڿذ׵ʱ򣬻ΪλΪһͨذͬôһӡ
ڽذУ¾ƺЩ֪ԭˡ
¾ĳȻǽ佫ȻҲù
ֵذȻҲ
ذײŸһ֣¾ѾͨذףָϵĲ֮ͬ
Ȼ֮ĲΪϸ΢ûӹ¾˫ۡ
ǡ
¾ָ΢΢ֱӽذ״ӵ˳
һذǰ㣬ʱź⣬ذףҲͬ䵶һǺɫ
֮Ϣ
Ȼ¾עȻذ׵ɫ֮ϡ
ʱ¾Ŀ⣬Ѿȫذ׵ĵ˹ȥ
ذ׵ĺû⵶бҪռ߰˷֡
ذ׵ĵУѾ˶⡣
˵¾ԼԼܵĽ
õγɽ¾ǰѽҲС
¾еǰѽŸոյеʱԶûذʼܸѹȸС
⵶У¾ǲʲôִԺһ˿뵶вԶĵط¡
ֻǷ˿Ʈ£ڵϵ˲䣬ֱӱֳ롣
ëϷ
ĳ¾ǵûоþȣһ˿Ȼ
Ȼ
֮¾뵽ʲôڷĴ˿ںûҪҵĶֱ
ֹꡣ
ү
ʱֹ˽
ֹսţ㿴ԼүֱԵ彣ּүŵǰذס
æһ
ү
⻹ֹһΥ¾˼¾ֹĬĬӶͳһذף¾ȥ
ЦүеǰذֹǼʶġ
νǴëϷ࣬үԼ彣ȥˣĽǻһ̡
Ѿһ彣ذ֮ˡ
¾Ҳںý
ذףֹֽеذ׽ӹ
š
ذӵһ˲䣬ֹһѱֱӶϳ룬ϿڼΪ䡣
¾׼ʱҲ΢΢Щȡ
ϾոΪ˼˹͵ذףû
ʱٿǰذףиɾһССȱҲûг֡
ʱ¾ڲ˲ԣ
ⲻǰ֣
ûڷذ׵ĲͬѰ֮ʱ¾ֻΪذðֶɡ
ֹ˼壬Ҫ촸򣬷ٴΣɡ
츴ҶԹҪ󼫸ߣʹ㾡Ҳ첻١
Ȼѵã¾ҲͬȻǼҲù١
¾֮彣ɰֶɡ
ҲΪ¾ܸظܳذòֵĲͬ
Ͼ¾ǰ彣ȻҲëϷҪ࣬ȴԶذʡ
ٲҪ¾Ը
үȷǰ֡
ʱڿڣ϶¾Ĳ²⡣
⵱Ȼǰˡ
ַʮͱ㱻ˣùַ
¾еذףǰ֣ͬҲɹַ
ʹĩ֮Ƿһȫµַ
ʲô֣ѾǵˣȻҲпĩǸûΪȡֻ֣Ϊַ
ĩ֮УɥʬأΪεĶʲô
Ȼˣ
˵Щͨˣ߳ɳǰڣҲҪӳֵġ
Ȼǹ֧ҩּΪޣ˵ڵĻĩ֮ǰЩƼΪϸͨ˸޷
Ӵ
һ仰˵úã˻ܱ
ڷȱǱֱԼĵ·
ʼûʱ򣬱ð˵Ʒһֱʹá
ȵ԰֮󣬾˼Լ¯
µַһһƳġ
ĩʱʹµַ
ܹëϷ࣬ŸָЧ
ǿҵĸʴԣһ仮ˣɥʬҲֹϵ֯á
ٱԣܹͨɱɥʬӶС˵еһ
ֻиЧڶмɥʬľˡ
ûɥʬɥʬˣ
ɾûоˣûЩӵԡ
ֶ췽ҲԶԶڵİ취֮ǰ
ķ԰֣Ҳܹɽϡ
¾еϸڵȻȫ֪
Ȳǰ֣ǣ
үΪɡ
ĬƬ̣ո֡
⡣
ַĳ֣ĩ֮ûоܵͨҲӵͬɥʬһս
ͬʱҲĩͬɥʬսǵʡ
Ϊĩ֮еһ⣬š
⡭
¾ĬĬ߶֣ҲּΪϡ
Ĳʣܹõ֮ϣ뽫ʿ⡣
뵽¾˺棺
֪⣬Ժ֣֮
үȲһ£
üͷһ¾˫ۺЦ˵ʱβҲһ˿˿
һⷬӦ¾бѾ
˴𰸣Щţ
Īǣǳ֣֮
һιû˵ֱӸ¾һ͵񣬿϶Ĳ²⡣
վһԵֹ꣬ʱûסһ䣺
ˣүеǰذףֶɡ
ʲô¾⻰Щˡ
ǲǲֽԶܿƫҸרҵʿоԼԶ֡
ֹȴ˵ذɹֶ
̧ۿ飬ҲûзֻЦӯӯ˵һ䣺
Ȼ͸үĶȻҪԼԶ֣Ÿг⡣
⻰˼Ȼֱӳˡ
Ǹ㽻ȥǣοԼ֣
ڹⷬ⣬¾֮Щۡ
뵽׸ܼ̫õ壬ֶһɵǡ
Ϊ˸ذףԼۻˣ
¾ѯʣ
Ҳɸ췽Լ򵥣Ҳʲô򡣡
һʱĶڵĹѾ°飬һذȻҲܹ֡
򵥣¾š
ӲԶ¾Ѿ֪˹óֵĶص㡣
ǱԼ򵥣ͬʱҲɴ
ӹ˵򵥡ĸֵʱ¾ɸоЩС
ȷ򵥣΢΢ЦЦȻ˵Ǹװذ׵ĽУذ׼ȻǸүĶ췽ȻҪһͬ͸үġ
˳ŹĶ¾ŷ֣ǽ֮Уһֽ
ֻǸո¾עһֱذ֮ϣֽĴڡ
ڽֽ¾չ˿Ȼдŵġַ
¾֪İ췽ͬ⡱Ķ췽˵Ǽ򵥣ȫҪǧɣֻԭϺַϣҪע⡣
취¾ͷ΢΢˶һͬ豾ˣ
Ȼһֳ°ͣЩģүǻʲô׵ĵطȥͷַѾΪϤˡ
ͷǹֹȥҵģǩĴ
Ϊһʼֹ˵ַֹȻǲȥһЩ֮ˡ
¾ͷ֣ʲôˡ
ϴιֹȥǼǰ֪£˰ɡ
ͬʱ¾Ҳ֪ˣһʼѾ㽫ַ͸ˡ
ǿѹеļ¶¾ִеذףͼƽһ顣
ʱ¾ŷ֣ذ׵λãƺһЩ͹С
ϸһŷ֣׭塣
顰
ʱ¾Ÿոѹµٴηڶϣͬˮ̣ҲƲס
һԵֹ꣬ڽذǳԹָ֪֮¾֮󣬱ѾȻȥ


71 
ȣ
ע⵽¾Ķ, Ϳһϳһ˿ڣ
үողҲ˵Ȼ͸үĶ, ӦҵС
ڿֵʱ, ʵҲԥ
Ͼ, ȷڲ
ȻڿԼ֮, 뵽ż鵽Ũʱ, ¾յߵĵ
׾, ҡ
ԥջǶһŴֿ˵֮ϡ
ѡֿڿλ, ذ׽¾֮ʱҲûκἰҲΪ˼, ¾Լ֡
Ȼ¾ܹô̵ʱ﷢һ, ǹôҲûԤϵġ
ۼ¾ĦֵָԽԽ, ҲԽԽȣ鵱
үҲյ, ǻǿȥɣҲЩȥ, ѾЩˡ
˵¾κηӦĻᣬֱת߳˷䡣
ڷ¾Ź˵ĶӵıӰҡͷЦЦ
ô᲻֪ӱʲô
¾Ҳȷ¶, Ҳʲô־ᶨˣʱû˼󻺻ѹļ뷨תͬһͬ
ڹ鳿ʱϰΪ
ΪŹ飬¾Ҳһ
첻֪ǲΪеûеõй, ¾תԼ彣˳ֱԺ˽
µ书£佣Ǿܳҡ
¾ѵֹȻԶæԺⲻԶĵطһλۿ
Ȼûãʱ̲סһʣ
ү⽣ôôɧ
ɧһʣɲǳ
֮ڡ
¾Լۡ
һ֧죬Ҳһýĸ֣ù¾׿ָ㡣
ǰĽԻڣǲһ䣺
ѧôʲôսΪɱˣȴɧڻ־Ļ
ʱۣνʼ̣һֱǵ˽ա
ڼԼүʼԼΪϵĻڵĽʱŻѿڶ
ȻʵĵӻСЩٲֱ˵Լүֻ
֪
ֹδ䣬ȴԶ˶΢΢ԶЩ
ӹ¾ʱ䣬ֹҲܴ²µԭ
ֹ֪Ҳʡ
ϾڵʣҲ֪ǲΪֵѹƽˣԽԽˡ
Ȼ룬үȫ˵Щʲô
ȻүɧֻҲ˵ڡ
Ȼֹȴ֪ⷬģȫǶࡣ
ϾʱæŶԼȸȥע˵˵ʲôĻأ
µĿȸȻгЧ
ϾĲ񣬿ɷֱ治ʱ¾ĽǷɧ
ֻ֪¾񣬳뻯˺ÿˣڵ󣬹ֱӿԡ
Ҫ¾˼Ŵ죬Ҫþա
˵黹һʱ嶯֮£¾ط䣬ո¾ȴûɵ¡
һùź󣬱ȥԵˡ
ȥȻӺװ޵Ĳ¥һ
˵¥Ѿӽβձɿ
ʹʲôʱÿտȥһʲô׵ĵطҲüʱġ
ǡɹ
ձпУղײա
ԭ¾ͬһȥ֪¾µַȺʱ򣬱ֱӾܾˡ
¾ҲµַҪͬͷ̽һҲûм֡
Ҳûùֹ꣬һЩҪ
ǹŵʱϴ·Ƥ멣лǿһӡ
ȻĩԼů豸ĺĶ򣬹ûκΡֻҪ¶ȣҪȡ˼롣
ֱӴ׼Ϊůװš
ȥϽȻһˡ
Ҳ֪ΪӲ¥Ǳ֣߳ƹǿ
ȻߵĽȣǱȹҪϲ١
ߵС¥ŴԼǽûüˢᣬĲ֣ѾҪ깤ˡ
¥¥¹һ֮󣬹΢΢˵ͷ

ڹԵƹ񣬺͸Ȼ˵ܸ˼״ĵĬĬһ
⸺ҲǴһ¥ģԹԸ˽ⲻ
ºͺͣٷƢֻ󷽡
ʵȴǸҪϸ˵һġ
ԵĲ˵ǰǸ¥ΪϹҪ󣬲ĸ˺üΡ
ЩطֻСë˵˵ûȥˡ
ȴвͨ
˵ˣûС͡ǹԸǾֱӽˡ
Ҫ֪ĹǮһһĸߣȻκиæҪĵط
˵һ¥ĹҲܵⷬﻹܲǸʲôӣ
Ȼǲ˿и
ɲ⹤ͷôģֻŻû
Ŵ
ʣµĲֻҪ깤
»Ҫʱ䣬깤
ͷæǰػ
΢΢˵ͷֿһԵƹ
ҤǱأչʾʲôʱ͹
еչʾò
Ǳ˵չʾѾһ룬ʣµһ룬ͬڱ깤ʹ
ƹ΢΢ֱӸ˹ش
ա
ļĥһ̧ͷ
ƹȻܸʮ¿ô
ǰЩϴիļ۸սȻȻжϴիԭڻĿɻЩ档
ǿԣ黹ϣܹǰһ´ɵʱ䣬ȥ
Ҫʹ鵱ôɴȻӹţһҲûнЩϣôҪȥˡ
ֻ˵
ȱǮ
Ϊֹ˲£ȻΨ˻Գֶķͻϸʮ
ϸǱǮܶתֱֱӸԱĴˡ
ˣ²ʮ
ֶķǱǮȥ¾ֵĲ֣ȥԴ챨ʮҲʣʮ
Щװ޲¥ȻӣװסԺ㴴췢
ԡóж̳ˣûǮôУΪͷǿв˹ʮ
ⲻ֪֮䣬ȥ˽ʮ
ʣʮƲ٣Աһ¹黨Ǯˮٶȣ֪ʵҲ֧Ų˶ˡ
֪״϶ùԴٻһЩʲôǿ
ȻʳᾫڲϸĹСӱʾǲܽģⱲӶܽ
ȻܽǱֻܿԴ
ˡ
ⲻʱ㽫һʼ׼һ֮ϡ
ȻǷǳֵǮСҲ⣬ʼ𽥱ĹСӱʾһҲ
ƹȻ֪Щ飬ͬʵʵ˵
ץһЩܸϵġ
ǿץһЩɣ֪Լ;⣬ҲûиƹѹʵڸϲϣҲùż
ǣС֪ƹ΢΢ͷӦǡ
ͬƹ񽻴˼İţ뿪Ȼӡ
ϾչţҪȥ¥ǱߵЧ
˭֪Ȼӳ֮ǰʻûã⴫һ
΢΢ϵĴƿ⿴˿ŷ֣ʱѾߵϴիſڡ
ӵǴϴիķġ
ⷬ󣬹΢Щȣ
ϴիȻûţ
۸սʱ򣬹ϴիڵĿӿɲС
ϴիĹģһΪεĿЪҵ
˭֪ϴիǵûйţ˸ļ
ֹæǰᲢ󣬲Ÿػ
ĻܼҺ¶뱣ϴիǰЩӱӱҳ˲ʽ׼Ϊеĳ⡣
׼⣿ظš
ǣŽѾĴˣֻΪЩֱܼһˣһֱûɡ
ֹ΢΢ͷϴիȻ˾𣬱дӵӰӣȻע
֪ˡ
΢˰֣ʾֹ£˳˼
ܼңǮ׮һΪǳС
ܼΪϴիеĳ⣬ӦǾƸ
Ȼ̡
ΪʲôҪΪѾƲĴĳ⣬Ҳ⡣
ϾϴիĴͬʹġ
ȻǱʶ˲
õټϴӴЭɹƷҲǾ޿ܡ
ʱܼұһԾΪ̡
󣬵µҲͬɹ
飬ҲЩܼƸ۵
ֻϧϴիϵ飬ⱳĴӻͬС
̣
ҲԸԸᣡ
ֻϣܼҵҵĳãʱ˿գֶķԶүѪɾͲˡ
ȻڶԹ˵ϴիҲãܼҲգûԼĲ¥Ҫ
ǡʱԭʻ;еͣͬʱҲֹ
ˡ


72 
ѹͬʱ, ֹûסǰĲ¥һۡ
ȻȴʲôҲû
ǰС¥¶鲼˸ʵʵ˸޷̽
ʱ֪, ǹĽ
ùĻ˵, ǱǱظС
Ͼװ޲¥, Ǽ˲ִϢַʽȥ
кȲĵط, , ԼѧǶ齻Ķ
ڿҵ֮ǰ, ЩȻҪһصˡ
󣬿ĳ, жһ˿⡣
̧ţֹ¥ȥ
Ϊһʼ֪ջ, Ҳ¥ƹ͹ͷȻرſڵȴˡ
ڼ, æǰӭ, ˿и
¡
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Ųδͣ˵¥ȥ
ƹæ˸, ڹػ
ѾҪˣǲ֪Ƿ©ĵط
˵ͬʱѾ˲¥Ĵš
յȻӲͬ, ʱĲ¥еεѾ˳
ţĿһСķ䣬ϵͬʱҲӭ֮á
䷿, ߽¥֮Уһ۾ܿռðڽɽ쾮
쾮룬򱻴һϷ̨ӡ
Ϸ̨Χĵط򱻴µذڷʮŲ
룬»ΪļϷԺǲ¥
쾮λϿԽ¥۵ס
¥¥ֳһС䣬쾮λöд
ЩС䣬鶼ùĸ
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ƹ쾮ߣһС԰ĸϣ԰ľȣܿ
мҲͬһƬ쾮
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¥ƬĶ
Ķܣ쾮λãһȦ
Ķ˿ڿͬʱҲȺȲ衣
£ͬԴ򿪿쾮λõ촰ͬ¥µһ˵ᡣ
Ҳÿ¥ԭռ㹻ټϺԼһСԺӡ
Ϸ̨ǸϣҪĴֺ룬Ųƣ治һ׵¡
ԭƹ˼ǿȥϷ̨ӡ
Ͼǲ¥ֲϷӡ
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жʱͬʱҲܸԭڲ¥µĻһ׼ʱ䣬һϸǰ
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ݵԺǲŽĴֱأ


73 
ԺȻҲѾٽβ, ǻûֹʱǿԺУġֱʡˡ
֮ǰ, 鵹ǻһֱʵҪ
Ӳ¥ص֮, 鼸ûκԥ, ֹȥܼµĳһ顣
ͬʱܼҹƳ۵Ĳҵ
Ķܿ, ټܼż, Ҳû, һĹֹ㽫ҪϢ˹
ò˵ܼܹز, ȷˢӡ
ԵĲ˵˵, ɣﵽ֯, ٵ, һӦȫ
ܼҪȻϴիľҲǲףص, ܼһûȫһơ
һǳߡ
쵽ֻҪǮ㹻, תܿʼ׬Ǯ
Ǯ㹻ֿ򵥣ʵȴΪѡ
ܼҵĳƵѾ, ȴһֱûȥʽ򣬱ΪʱܹôһǮ
ܼҵ⣬֣
ע⵽Ķ, ¾ϸ룬֪Ҫʲô
Ҳͷϣ
׬Ǯ˭룿
ֹºϸܼҹƳ۵ĳ⣬ͬʱܼҵĳȤҪֵҲһ
ֹģѾҶĶֻǰʽֻʱ
ţһܼ֧ŲסⲿֲҵЩ˱˲ǰϷָɾ
¾Ҳ룬˹鷴
ȻҪǡ
ô˵ү֧ˣüͷ
Ϊʲô֧֣

¾ʣⳡϵȷ֪ľ
еǮأѯʡ
٣¾΢΢˼Ƭֽ̣һ䣬лʮϿɹ
ʮжʮϴιָ¾ǱǮʣµ¾ǰļҵס
¾ƽʵǮٶȿɱȹˡ
ĶƺǰһЩ
ǰЩ¾ŸĽʿ˶¡
ģÿóһЩȣֿܵס䡣
ЩɶǮ
ƫƫ飬ְѳ¾ԸĴУ¾ҪýʿǹúһЩֻ
Ҳ֪¾ϵĵжء
£¾Ը⽫ϵǮó֧вжǼٵġ
жжջǾܾ¾ĺ⣺
ϵǮǹãֻͬү˵Цˣүô˺ƭ
˭ƭ
¾б˹һۣÿɷ
Ȼ⻰˵ÿֵȷʵ
˹⿴¾ú£ҿƭ
Ǹҿڣƭ¾ҲֻڹǰŻˡ
¾ҪǮȻܾˣ֪ܼҳļ۸󣬻ʮ
ܼмʮ۸ʵЩƫߵġ
¹һ£յĳɽӦܱѹʮ¡
ʮڵĹ˵ȷЩѣҲò
ڿ¾͹ƱʱʶҪܾ
ȴ¾һ䡰ǮԺκٽ裿ԡ
ջǽǮ
ǮλˣһȻҪܼԼ̸ˡ
ܶٱܼҽлȥ֮ǹϴիģǼïԶԼܼҵϴïܡ
ܼͬïȻһܼҵӣïܣܼҵӡ
Ȼڹͬϴիʵе¶ҪİܼϴֻܴЭ
鵹ǲĺϴֻ˭˭ֻҪһܹİ壬ǡ
Լλܹӵʱ򣬹ûκڡ
ܼ֪ҪǼҵĳ⣬ǰ
ϾںοൽҪȫϴիĵز
֮󣬻Ǿһ档
Ͼ̣ϴիȻ֮ķϴիܣҲϴիһԹˡ
οڳ˹飬ҲûܹһóôǮˡ
ǲ飬տֻܽʱ۸ɾҪٽһˡ
ɲܼ룬ܼλӼʱҲûκοף
ˣұֱӿżɽˣϾλܹӣҲ޾ɿ𡣡
£лֱԡ
ĶԹȻӣǱű侲鹰˹֡
ܼҵĳȥһ£ȷòƺҲֵʮ
Ȼ˵˿żɽſڱֱָ䶨۵Ĳ
һ⻰ſԣȴûиᣬͣٺ󣬱ڣ
ܼƳвҵеɣ̵֯ڣֵܼʮߴ
ۣеۣҲֵʮǡⵥϻʲôĵط
˵ţ÷ϵ嵥
嵥ϣоܼγ۵вҵˣÿһ֮󣬶дŶӦгۡ
ܼҵܹ֮һۣΪҵһۣ֮˲÷ı׬Ǯ
ͬ˵ΣҲֵʮ
ڿ嵥ϵݺľ֪ˣúŪ
Ŀ嵥һ֮΢΢̾˿
֪Ը۶٣
ϵ嵥΢˼Ƭ̺󣬸һ֣
һڼۣʮ
ʮǲǣһЩ
׼ҲĻشһ¡
һڣֱӿʮǲЩˣ
ʮˡ
΢΢ЦЦֱһѪָе⣺
ڳ˭һóôһǮһЩȹЩʱգܼҽЩҵ֮ٳ֣òʮ
⻰ĶȻЩ̶ҲòϣԷ顣
ʮǵһЩ
ֿϵ嵥֪ʮܹõۼˡ
ҧҧ׼ֱӴӦʱһһֱű壬û˵ܼϴȴˣ
£ʮȷʵһЩ֪¿ɷԣգµг֮ٸ𸴣
ո׼Ӧ⻰֮󣬲֪뵽ʲôҲ
۸µȷҪʹг˼
üͷ΢
һԱƽϴһָۣ΢΢ϵ˵㡣
΢˼Ƭ̺󣬻ǵ˵ͷ
ȻλӲǱȻȥͬгһɡ
ȻѾû̸ȥıҪ˵֮󣬱ֱӴֹͰ뿪ˡ
뿪¥תͷһܼλµķ䣺
ֹꡣ

ȥһ£˵Щʲô
鳯ոµķ°͡
ǡ
ǽ£ֹ겢ǵһ󣬱ֱһȥԼΡ
Ҳûֱ뿪ֱӻصϵȴֹ
ոոյֹӦúܴܿҪϢ
ȻһĹֹĳš
˵ɡ鴽΢΢˹ʾֱֹ
ǡ
ֹ΢΢ͷ㽫ոչ뿪֮󣬷ͬһ顣
ĶԹļ۸ȷԸܣҶϴóȻΪҲ
ǰŸûãıֱӿϴ
ϴȴ˵ʮ۸ȷĿԵͷķΧ
ǰ·񣬻ϴիء
ڳҪܼҵĳ⣬ܼӦ¿б뷨Ƿȷ
һߴٲԴҶá
ȴ˵ϴ죬бǼϵһ¾ҴѾŵˣϴիΪйƷһߴٲֱ޻̸֮
ϴȴ˵ʮҪʹе˼
ֱӲɢ
ïܡ
ֹĻ㱨߶ܼϴ֣û뵽ܼһһˡ
Ҫ
ȥʲô
˲֪ʲôӣ˻֪ܲ
ڼïܽ뷨˸˾ŷ֣˵ƻĴ㣬ֹȻҲһż
أҡҡͷϳһ˿Цζ˵һ䣬ܼһͬġ
ֹȻ֪γԣ֪ӹķԸҲٶԡ
ֹ뿪󣬹ǵͷܼҵǱ嵥΢΢ЦЦ
ϴȷǸˡ
ֻϧĴȴǸӣܼҵλߡ
ܼѾµķԻۣôԸȥһõˮ
ʵͬϣʹïܼȡҲûܸıܼѾµľ
ڶգܼұֱĴţʮļ۸񣬽еĳһͬת˹顣
һȥʮûüȥԼµĽɽ㱻нӶİס˽Ų


74 
յĵһŰ, Ժѧʿ
ڷ֮󣬷Ǻѧʿѧ쳣ɻΪʲôԺѧʿͰ
ѧĸ, ˰, , 鶼Ӧȥһ档
Ȼȹȥѧʿػ, ½½յ˺üŰ
, , й»ģںԺְԱġ
ȹ齫еһ꣬ʱ˽
˭˰
һ, ûڣѾԤ, ǳƽؽ豭
, ׸˵ӡ
΢΢, еİʵ˹ǰ
ۡȿȿȡ˵˭
ǹٵҲⱻһ, һڲˮֱǺɤۡ
Ļ׸ˡ
Ȼظһߡ
ʱȹǿ, յʱѾȹһˡ
һδʿ׸ֺ󣬹ֱ, Ű˹
Ҳûпݣֱҵ½λãȻ׸˽ӡ
˿еİֿ˿ϵĵĸеһ˿ã
Щʲô
ֹ, Ͼ¾õĹԱࡣ
ΪĹԱУоųɶ佫
ƫƫݰģһȫĹ٣һλȨصĹ١
Щƽ¾޽ͬ¾ɻôˣҲδЩݷãƽʱҲٴ¾ǵ֡
ЩͻȻ˰˵ҪһԵһù벻ѡ
ѵǳ
ϱˣ
в²⡣
ܿ죬Լ²⡣
ǳĳʲôʣвһ㶯ҲûС
֮⣬黹ҲЩĳ˷ԭ
ʹǹ飬ʱҲ
ȷţүһˣϡ
ѧʿѧ쳵Ҳ·˻ȥ
ǡ
ҲܲµеĹǣ΢΢ϱ鷿˳ȥ
󣬹½½յ˼Ű
΢΢һ£ͬǰ漸һĳġ
¾δظʱ䣬齫ЩŹ۲Աȡ
ܿ㷢Щ˵Ĺ֮ͬ
˶ĳ֮⣬ڳְЩͷˣлԪϡ
һ⣬Щ˶͵ˡ
һ󣬹һ˿²⡣
Ȼеһȹץס¾Ѿ˽˹˼
±Ѿ˵ˣսţȹѯʣ¾Ѿһ˿ڣʲô£ġ
¾ùУ
ү⻰֪Щ˵ݰԭ򣿡
ȷ֪¾΢΢ͷҲӣ˵͸Щϵ
ʣոڹԺгֵ˿о¸˳
¾΢΢ͷЩΣ
ǰЩҸһϻͷŴ𣿡
¾㽫Щʵͬ˵һ顣
üֱĿɿڴȫû뵽ʵ۾Ȼ¡
ԭյ¾ȥԶ󣬻ʵϡһԶ
ڻʹԶޣʵϡһ
θһԡ
ʱ򣬻ʵ뵽۾ԼŴ󾵡
㽫óá
һãʵ۷ֶȻã۾ˣҲˣµٶҲ˲١
˻ʵ۵ͷãĶš
ջʵټλ󳼵鷿£˵˵ţʵڿĵʱ㽫۾ͷŴ˳
ʱ鷿еһǳϵŹ֮඼ΪЧʮ꣬ʮʮϳ
ȻҲͱЩ볯õĳǴ١
ڿʵóǰûмĶʱȻ̲סеˡ
ֱվ˳ѯʻʵʲô
ʵ۵ʱͷϣһ󳼵ѯʡ
Ҳ˵ˣҲˣֱλӽµõı
ҫֱ֮ӽŴ󾵺ϻǽһеޡ
ʱ鷿ĳǣ඼ǾҵҵΪϳٶһЩ۾ë
һ۾ͷŴֺöﻹס
еӴıʾҲһ֮
ʱ򣬻ѾᵽҫԼıˬȻûв׼ĵ
һӣ㽫óԼһ
䲻ͬ۾ĶҲͬΪûʵۿʹϻ΢ЩƫС
ԶĳЩϴĳ˵ϻЧʵ⡣
ǷŴ󾵣ȴǸûж˶ʹõġ
Ƭ̣ǱѾᵽĺôһʱ侹ȻЩԸ⻹ʵˡ
ʵۼ״ֱӽ˻
׶ĹϳֹϻԼŴ󾵿񣬻ʵҲ̡
ֱӸ
Щ󳼣ģҪȥҪ
ҫ˸ĻʵֱۣӰ̯Ӷ
ǲ˽λȨصĴݰ
ʻǡ
ǹ飬ʱҲ֪ۻʵ۵һΪˡ
㶼ܡ
¾ŶͷľٶΪΪЩеͷۡ
Ȼû˵꣬㱻ˣ
ܶˣүЩϳʲôүԼڻѵãȻҪģ
ɲǻѵô
£ͬЩཻٲûᱻһץסСӡ
˵ǽᵳӪ˽Ļ졣
ȻЩǵݰΪɶڻ·ģ˭Ҳ˵
¾һҲҷ㽻˹ȫȨ
ܽʮŰǹ飬ҲһһӼ
ɴץ¾һ𣬸Щһһд˻
ʾλݰ˼Ѿˡ
˵λǳ͢Ź֮ҲӦѡ
۾Ϊ⣬Ҫÿ۾״Իǵλһˡ
ǡԺ깤Ǵǲպٰ¾硣
Щ鷿мʶϻԼŴ֮νǿ
ЩϧҲҪϰľٶҲܿϻԼŴ󾵵Ŀ
յоܾĵ
æ˻ʾպһᰴʱ硣
Щǵⷬûκڡ
֪ȻҲ˴ӵĶС
Щ¾ʱʱظʵͶ
ˢøжȵͬʱȻҲѹ˴һͷ
ΪżϻʱôλȨصĴཻͬﻹס
һʱ䣬ӸϵĲֲ֪ˤ˶ٸ
ôϡŹֵĶ
ԴһʣλĻﲻ֪
֪е£Ͳˡ
ЩԼԼĲ²⣬ڿӱŭ֮ʱջǽߵĻ˻ȥ
ˣӰĲ²⣬˵֮ԼҲֲҺá
ԼĸмĽͷöڸмдԼ
ЩӦպϲμ¾ĴһλȨأƽϳ㲻Ӱ
ܹһԽȫνǻѵá
ɲúúץסεʱԼֵµЩҲ¶¶
ҪҪǱҲһݡ
Щλ˳ĳǣһѧӵżߵ裬ͬʱҲ˵ӵżߵĵλ
ձҪʼˣǡÿᣬԼݸӣá


75 
Ȼ˳سϲμ, ļʱ˸вٳˡ
ЩģҲѾ֪ˡ
Ϊʲôطչ˲ܳʲô, Υ˹һʼٰⳡĳԡ
еҲ˹ӡ
ûΪ׼, ѽܼҳ¶µȥˡ
˲˼Ĳ¥ҵ, Ҳûȥһ, ֻһƹҦӵĻ㱨
ڹĴ, еȻҲ˿и, һʮֵľ
ȫµԴ£ԼõʱȻ
ʱչеĲİ, ˲ԡ
Žյ֪ʲôʱ, ȻŴˡ
Ща²˾ԢΪεʱ, 㷢Զʻ, ͣŴ
һ˴˳, ˵ĺܿϳǺѧʿ´ˡ
ڿ˺, ˵ɴ˫ۣĲţ
ѧʿ˭
ڵĺԺԺף׸, ǽ׸Ĳѡ
׸˭
׸ǻϵĸһ֮֮ϵ
ʲôʱͺѧʿ˽飿
Ȼܿ죬Щ˱㷢֣ѧʿĵԶԶǽ
ţһһƵ͵Ӷʻ, ģһǶ
ˡˡ̫ʦ̴ˡ
׸ˣҲͬƵԼǰ
ϸĵ˴һֱʱ̣һܶʮλԱ
õ
֮ипһ
ҵθԹԣѾڳİڽɽ˰ɣ
ǰⷬСǴôģҲԴš
Щǵľٶǲֻ֪ܺҲ²⡣
ȻµҲû˲³˸
жԼԼһ𰸣
⾩ǣҪˡ
ͬӸһֱûзֳ˵ԱΪСС֡
׷ףΪϺ֮⣬ͬʱҲûбֳκһӵƫġ
ЩһͬϺ˾ĴȻҲ̬Ȳ
Щһϣǲ˵ˣѾ˾ϣ
ϾյϵĹԱܶ࣬ûҲ١
Ʃ繤Լ̲顭
ЩǷƫڴӣ
ڵӵľƲ
ɲ֪ЩеĲ²⡣
֪һǣⷬ²ֱǴش
Լ̲ûΪλͣϴ̲ҲŸչ۾ãҪõ۾ˡ
ڵĹ飬æдЩϳǣ˲Ͼ˵뷨
ΪЩϳʱνǿͿȫ
˰˵ҲΪ׺Ϳ
̬ȣԴ˺ü΢΢һ
ˣЩȫи
Ȼ¾ӵЩ󳼣ֱӽĵص˸ոݺõԺ
Ժʱ򣬹ûж幹дĶ
ڵԺǱֳ֣
Է鷿Լ
֪С
ʹ󳼣ɴ´ࡣ
ЩʶĳǣڱԺһ̣һֱھ뾪䲻ת
Щûмطģ
Ӳ
һһ㣬һȥ˸о顣
߽Ժȴȫһط
ԲõԺֲʧţֲʧ
֮⣬黹ԺзһЩǰԲֵƷ
ǧԼʱ԰еǼ꿪޵÷
Щ룬ϸ۲죬ֻǰԺá
˵ĵطɳĮһ߼ʣôԺɳĮеޡ
˶ĿһµͬʱҲһ˿ů
ԭΪԺеĲ΢Щصģ߽ԺʱҲɿ˲١
ǡʱ¾ҲŹӻ˳
¹ٲμ¡μ£򰲡
ע⵽˵ĵոջԺдĴæһ̬
λ񡣡
¾΢΢˵˵ͷǻˡ
֪¾ӵģǰԶһЩǰǶ˵һҲѡ
ʱȻǽ⽻ĵӣ΢΢ЦЦ
λ˰ǰүʧԶӭλ˼¡
ڹͻȻڵΪ˾⡣
ϾУλ¿Ϊ飬λҲǵ
չ鵱¾Ϊ
תһ£Ϸǵûκβ죬ⶼ͸һȻ
Щ˱֪ͬĹϵ봫
׶Ϻ
е뷨ٶ࣬ɿ¶ɫ΢΢鸩
ء
ȻڳλȨأ֮ǰ׾б
ԼܹԺӭѾܵˣôȥŴӭӣ
ʱȻ磬ѾһЩֲ赭ͬһϯ
ʱѾٽ磬ЩҲõģ⻰Ȼûƴǵĵ
΢΢ͬ¾л󣬱߽˻
߽˲˲ԡ
ʱĻգȴͬͬ㳨
ϸһ㷢ĸԴƺڻĴϡ
Ĵûôͳľ˾Ө͸Ĳ
ոĶǳеŹ֮۾ԼŴ󾵶ͬЩҫôû˵ǲԼ֣
ֻǴûԼ֮⣬Ȼܹⴰڴ֮ЧȻôã
пʼ
ƺҲһл̽̽Ŀڷ磬ܸܲԼҲŪһס
֮⣬ϸĵĴҲ֣Уƺůϲ١
ͣʱ䳤һЩһ˿⡣
ȴûпȡů̿裬棡
ЩһϺ˾Ȼǧذתز˲˼ȴûһȿڡ
һϱЦеģžɣİУ
һеλñ㱻ǸˣΨλ׵λϣ˿ȱ
ȱλȻȻûӹЩþٳĳǵ۾

һ˿ȡ
Ӹո븮ǵֱ֣ԼոɵİбܿλһλΪ׵ˡ
϶һλôôҲӦóһ׵˵ϡ
λӦһˡ
λõİλ˵ĹְӦòߡ
׸˶Ѿ˭ôļӣٵ֮ã
ɻ֮ʱ˻⴫һĳѹ·ϵ춯
󣬱㿴һһϵˣ˽
ڹ߳˶Ǹ֮ϵ˵ò
£ؼǻ˾ر졣
ϸ˼Ժн˵Ϣ΢΢˹֡
һͬڵ
ѩ·ж㣬Щ⣬Щˣλλ˼¡


76 
˵Ҳǲɡ
ȻӦ, ˴챨¡
Ϊڻǰ׼׶ΣֻҪÿսҪ·Ըµˡ
Խջǰ˻֮󣬵һ߳ԼСԺ
ò, ˭һγ, ⡣
ߵ, ĳԯȴͻȻѡ
ǽռݳ֮ǹѡ, 챨, й, ڳԯѵ˲䣬ס˳ᣬٲûΪʱ˦ᡣ
ס, ԯѣҲá
Ͳ, ֳ©, һʱ˵ǽѡ
һ·֮˺, һ̣˳
;, ǰһʱţ˵ϲϿϯ
һɵȻ, ܲ첻ģ
ѾûвμӹĳϣټϴʱеһأʱлЩ
ͬʱ, ҲѾв˴ӼзҳϢ
ٳǰһٸбΪ̽νӡ̡
ϯеģλǵļ࿼١
֮вϳе
Ϊ´, Ϊ롣
û˱ЩϳǸһ޾׵ǶôѵãҪķѶپ
ﲻˣ¼ҵʧͬҲʧ
ĳټп˷ǵͬʱҲһ˿ϧ
ǷһССĴȥ𱸣
ͬʱҲʶһλõ´ˣȴϷ´˵
ĸӼ
ſּòѵģȻǲ֪ǰ硣
ˣ
ʱһ˻еĳ
˵˲ѧ쳣ǴһʼţһֱûôڣϵıҲб仯ˡ
ë˲ͷ΢
ѧ
ʱ뵽ǺѧʿҵӣͬʱҲ׸˵Ĺŵӡ
֮ʱ˳㱻츳뵱ʱ̸һյʱ䣬ִҪΪӡ
Ҳ˿ûιԼӵϲ
ֱܻԣһӱӡ
ӽʮأʹйǰıʣҲһ˵ǰ㣬ûչκһѧ
˶ܿǽɽӰ
˵Գʦ£ǹٹĻ
ҲΪˣΪ̽󣬲Żеô˶Ϊʷ׸
¼Ϊ䱼ģ丸´ˣ׸ˡ
֪Ե;֮Ҳܴͬۿɼ˥˲١
뵽ЩƺҲͲڵˡ
һЩ
ʱ򣬻ͻȻһŵ뽹
̧ȥ㿴Ѿϡ׸æشԼϯλվȥĻ档
ۼֿһѣ˻ΪʱִٵĲһӡ
״Ҳ˲ʲôزˣæʾƶǰȥӭ
ʦһЩ
ιٶȵҪһЩһѾס˵˫֡
Ȼ£ȴڳ˵ϡ
ֻ׸΢΢סΣ˿Ƭ̡
󣬱ֱ֣
ž
Ϊò쳣ϣʱһ˿ɫ
һ׸Щġ
ϵʹԳĬƬ̣¿ڣ
ʦ
Ȼ˵Ļ׸ʣ
㻹֪ΪʦѧΪʦǰôģ㶼ˣʦϼѧ
Ҳ֪ǼĻģҲΪһζִԼӰĵӡ
׸ס΢΢˻Σǵսľһᵹȥ
ʱ̧֣ס׸̬ǫѱ
ѧĴѧ֪ˡ
˱ˣǲϴˡ
Ҳ֪ʦǱ˻֮ıָˣһֱء
˻ܴ֮֮һһ겻
׸֮ⲻ˵׸ţҲѡŲ
ȻԼ˳뵽ԼЩΪЩӱ
νӣԽںԽӣĪڴˡ
Ҳ֪ԼӦΪǷΪʦǸÿÿд°ȴֲҲȥݡ
ʦʧԸټͬʱҲ֪ԡ
ÿζţ׼ʦԭ¡
һ׼׼ڡ
ڵ֪ʦҲʱҲһԥ
Ҳ֪ղձǰҲʦ
պձУʦڱ𴦼ʦƢ
ǾԭĿܡ
Ȩ֮ǴӦ˹룬ǰԼ
ԭŵһģڱһ֮󣬷˵ء
Ϊ׸һֽ̳ѧû˱˽׸ӡ
ʦĶʧ͸ˣں˵һ仰ǷֺοǶǳģ
֪˱á
Ӱĵӣ׸Ǻݲĳϴˣʱ̬ȡ
νӲ룬Īˡ
еˣڿ΢΢ĲЩۣ
ոտɴˣ
֪ʦǲˣʦĵë΢΢˶
۵ġ

ʱλϿϷĹûһڿˮǺںԼǺ
۵ģ
ֻô˵ڵģ
΢һ˿ίһ˿ֱ߸˹֪
ǰһھȻ
뵽˺ô̸ԺҲҪһµķݶϡ
鵽׻ǽҪĿ뷨ѹ˻ȥ
һֱĿ棬׸ȴ쳣һС
һ˵ۣʱˣеڶڲס
Ϊʦôص֡
˳ŨܵĽë΢΢˲
ʦô򡣡
˻һԭںڵ׸лˡ
ԭôô£
ӶԼĵô£ͻʺܵ˴һССĴôµȥôص֣
ʱΡ
׼ͬ˵Щʲôֿ̧ڻеͬš
뵽ڻ
ϣæʰתλϵ˸
λ¼ЦˣϳէȻԼѧʧأʧ֮λ½
æԼеĹϣ£һԼ
ȿȣˣ˾ñط꣬ʧ֮飬οӻ˵ѧֺ֮С
лֻϳһ֮룬ܹȫ
˵˵޷
ϳδл֪֮ɷ׼ϳһͬ
˵Ÿ˸ʱ齫׵λòûд
Ͼڳ֮Уֻһ޹ְ
Ǹλã׸ڵԶ
ѧԸţǰˣȴҪôԶĲμϯ׸Ļס
׸ҪȻ֮⣬ͬʱ֮С
˽ᣬҪҲôϸ
΢΢۲һı飬ϲûгκβıֱ֣׼ˡ
õ׼ϹȻһ˿ϲɫֱӴԼӰĵԼ
һߣСԸŵϢסԼ´ˣ̧۱㿴ԼĶԼĶ棬׸˵Աߡ
ʱЩ
ոշʲô
أ
ôһأ
ôһգ۵Ĺͱ׸ˣ
Ȼλִ˹˵ϯ´ֻʱѹ½ͷǿš
ֻŵĹУѧ쳶ЩĲɣʱʱıͶȥһЩע
ѧ쳵棬
Լ׵Ŀ⣿
ڻشʦܵĹѯ֮ʱͬոϵĻӦ
׸˲ĺòãʲô飬˶֮֮ʵԭ
Ͼǰ˻õʱ򣬶ôͷμȨٰᡣ
ôԸˣ
λϵĹһ׸⣬̱˾
ʵĺãʵ
ԭһҪôȻձأ
ⲻ˯˾͸ͷ
㽫ԵĲ豭ǣ΢΢һЩ졣
Ȼ̸̧һ
һʣΪ֮йλ̸ô᲻֪룿
ĿջأԼʦ΢΢ЦЦ
ڳﱸ磬ǰЩΪɽƼѧڸˡ
׸˹Ȼ̱ץס仰ص㣺
磿


77 
һ, ǻԵͷӦʵġ
Ϊ׸ȻҲš
òɽһ¶ϯϡ
ټ׸ոյһ, еĴǻٶע
ټո˵ʱûпѹ, ڱ, ȻҲЩǲ׽ˡ
ĶǳеŹ֮, ڱһ, Ȼš
ΪһѾ, ԻҲûкЩϸ˵
˴ȻȤ
ʱϵעˡ
ȴûв޵ĴƵ, ֻ΢΢׸˵ͷ
뾩ձݼѧӣʱ, ѧ, Ժձˡ
ǿ׸ձǺɻ
, 㽫ձϸͣԼ׼濯ǵݴͬ׸һ
Ȼ׸ڽ֮, ҲûչӣȴҲԸΪʦ, ƽÿգҲȥѧѧǴҵ
֪˵ԸԱ㽫̸ְ־΢΢һִԹ
˽ҪԼʮƾ, ģ飬ʮƾ٣ģ⣬˽֮ܵء
ԭֻЩͬԼĵģοûмӵ˼֮ġ
ֻϸϸ, ϵıԽԽ棬ȫ֮С
˵֮ûڣ˳˼
ϯϵҲͬˣ˼ͬʱߵͬǽ
Ϊ빱˰뱲ӵϳ
ܹλãûһ
Щϳôձ˳ܴ֮ʢ
΢֮˱֪ձԺǴΪ
ãձã
ʱҲ˼г˼ͷԼձ͡
˵뵽ʲô¿
ո˵ձڸ𣿡
ǵġ΢΢˵ͷ
һõ϶Ļشϳһ˿ϲãͬʱҲһ˿οͷ
ðã
£ΪʦȻʹļס
ԭĲܣټѧ쳵볯ò¡
ɻͻʵãʱòŸոй䶯
һԪϼﲻФˡǿŮż֮¸ʩѹÿš
Ϊ̫࣬һԵģƴҪֱӽЩͱ˱ǰ
ϰӣ˵ΪȻŭֱӽ˸ն
ϳҲһᵽףֱжڲˡ
ľǶǳӼек·
һǻٴв̣飬ϣ̧ܹ֣ᴦ
ϵʱʢŭôЩ飿
ֱԼмҹ棬йΪɴᴦҪɷкã
˵ĻǱ֪鲢ãֻա
֮¾ôɣֱ׮ײһ
ǰŸ˵мҹ棬йزɻĻôΪ֮¸Ŀڣ
Ȼ·粨ѹ´
Ը⣬һҲǲˡ
Ա
ְ֮£ȻҲͲ֮
˱һ£ʵһֱЩڻ
Ͼ˶˵һˣѧӽѧƺѾʧȥһ롣
ԭΪⱲӶԵٳû뵽ʱȴ·ת
ֻձѧ֮ڹʱһ£
ȴձпϣ
ѧӵϣͬʱҲϣ
Ͼ϶ԱĿأҲܹ°ãɱˣҲǾ޿ܣ
뵽̱˾
ⱨ֮չΣʲôѣ
λϳԹϿϷĹԽԽϲ׸ˣ
˯˾͵ͷı£
Ҫٷ˼ˣ
ҲûǹҪĿģʱ˳ʦݵֱ
չ˳⣬Ϧ֮չ󣬱ɷձһֻǡ
ֻʲô
ԭɵı΢Щæ׷ʡ
ֻʮƾ٣ģ飬ʦõ߬Ҫ󼫸ߣѧܣʵŪ
ϳһ˿ΪԼʧ䡣
ʲôвŪ
һ㲻ˣֱӳԷ
ΪʦĹŵӣյ̽ѧȻʦõҪжߣξʹﲻҪˣ
ͬһ㼫ΪƣǱǫ
ǻǰҲԲֱ׵ȥ
ʱͬգ˿ɲϣԼĵΪʲôĪĴţص
ǰ״̬
ȴûбʦĿ˵ë΢΢˶΢΢´
ʦüȱΪʦҪѧŷѧǳֲܷڡ
ѧֻʸߵͣʲôʱĳűˣѧʺã¸ãβܷڣ
˿˫һɡ
Щ˵ˣ뵽ʲôֳһ˿Ϊѣ
ձһһУ涼ѧ¡
ǱҼдǣ
򵥣˻˵ֱ
˭һ̾Ϣ
ҪҳҪ˿ɲס
ʲô׵ģʦȻˣĶʵģʦ㡭
û˵꣬׸˲ԣ
̧ۣȻޱϤģ
˽׸׸ô᲻˽
һ񣬻ʲô׵ģ
˵ǰȻӲ԰ҲԱôֹ֣أ
һʱ䲻֪ŭǸЦ
ʦҲƣ
ҲҪʦԸԸѧơ
ûзϣͬ׸գգۡ
Ӱӵ˭ܶס
׸ûж룬ֱӵͷ
ãôãΪʦϣΪʦд
ллʦû˿׸л
˹һ񣬱ʾɡ
λϳԹϿϷĹˡԹȺڡ飬ʱеĹ϶ˡ
ֱ챻һװȣˮĲˣ
ع󣬹ֱӽж۸˸ġ
ʲô£黳ȣǫǫӣǣ
αװﲻһڽƻ
ǣ
ɲʲôˣڱٵҲѾõ˽
ֻ˵׸һˣҪ֪׸˿֮еķꡣ
ĩ֮ǰĻ˵ǱȨ
Ȩ֤ĵձԺ²ձЩѧձд壬ЩѧǻԼ±ձΪ٣
⣬ʱԼеĹ˲١


78 
Ӧ˻ձд, ׸˲ٹձ⡣
μĶǳеŹ֮ձҲʲôܣȻ֪޲, ޲
, ׸ʵձķӡˢ֮ϣ
ոͬΪʦ˵, ձһһ, ҷ, Ҳ, ܹȷӡˢܹϣ
ѾоһȫµӡˢΪӡˢԽ⡣
һ, ȻҲ뵽
ʱ𰸣˻ӡˢǸСģ͡
ӡˢģͺ, оȵͬʱ, Ҳȫġ
ӡˢ
İ, ̻һ˿⣬ͬʱҲһ˿档
ʲôӡˢ, ܹÿ˴ӡˢ⣿
׸ⷬӦŷֹڻӡˢһ, »û֪ϡ
һʱ侹Ȼ֪òü˵
Ϊ֮£ʶ鿴һۣõ϶, ΢΢
ӡˢȻʲôԵ¡
ڴ֮ǰû˵Ϊֻδɣ˵ˣҲûа취Ͷʹá
ڻѾɣĲ©ȱ׶Ρ
ղ˵, չҲҪ¾Żӡˢڻǰȥˢһøжȵġ
Ǳõ˹ĻӦ֪ù˼ɣ㽫ӡˢͬһ顣
һ֪ո˵ӡˢԽձӡˢⲢ޵ķʸ
ִе֪ϱлӡˢСģͣԿӡˢЧЩסˣҪȥһ
״æȰ裺
ģ;вʧʦȽ
꣬һҲо۲졣
˵ļǡ
׸ҲԼЩļˣԼλ
¶׸Ľʳٶȶʱӿ࣬ʱҲˡ
Ȼ뾡ʳȥǻӡˢЧ
׸ʱЩ΢
˵õӰĵأڲһӡˢѣóˣ
̧ۿ˿㷢ָոջùеĸ״ˣʱҲһרעǰʳģ
Ȼͬ׸һҪźÿһǻӡˢ
˲ʧǳûˣҲͷʼרš
ϯϵͬҲеĻӡˢΪȤùźܿģͣҲĬĬӿеٶȡ
еĻһʱ侹Ȼʮֵĺг롣
鱾ǼΪ׵֮ˣЩ֮󣬱ֹȥ˹ЩǵϲԼɿڡ
ǰڷŵģƽʱõʳ
˲ʼרעǰʳȻҲһ㡣
֮󣬱ɻ
Ƕǲμӹˣܹ΢
ҲȻµķԡ
˼ˣʶλķһۡ
һۣɲɱ㿴¾вˣֿʼĻ档
¾ֱ֣ⷬӽ˸Ĳᡣ
ϾĲ֮ϣֻźɷŵģʲôʱֵɷźˣ
ȻϰΪı飬֪в£ϡƽ
ֻּΧгվһԵȽź򣬶Żȥ˼
б˲²⣺
׵ϯ棬ǳ֮֡
˴𰸣еĶû˿ͣ١
ʱǱ㿪ʼ½½طеĿӡ
ΪԾһߵĳԹȺڣȻҲ֪ЩǴ˿̵롣
һ˷¿ӣҲûൢ󣬷Ը˽ϯʰɾȥǻӡˢģ˳
ϴǸ򵥵ģͲͬһεģ͸ӾϸŵĻģҲࡣ
ģ֮⣬黹رԸһЩֽԼī
Ҳ˵ЩǲԿӡˢģֱͣʹһ
ЩǸʶ㣬ټԽ⣬һ˱Ūӡˢʹ÷
ѧʹûӡˢЩʷƾõϳǣһǵõߵСΧŻӡˢģ۸ͣ
ΪܹһӡˢĻᣬߵͬŰ졣
վһԵ¾͹飬˸ס
Ȼǹ¾ڴǵһԣû˿⡣
ߣоŻӡˢ
һģȻ׸Ī
ΪһεģƣģҲԽ϶࣬˲һģӡһɡ
ʾǰԼʹõʮ˸֣һʫ
ȻЩѶȣȴҲѲ
΢˼Ƭ̣޳ָģеĻСһ֮󣬹̶֣ˢīӡˢƬ̣һȫµɱԾȻֽϡ
׸еɣصͷ䣬Ҳû¹Ρ
ȻӸոϯϵĽ̸׸֪ûѧϰ

ڿ˶̵ʱõֹס
ĵӣϻ۹ˣʹͻʣҲҫۡ
׸ⷬǸ
ʱЩ󳼱㿪ʼӣ飬СϷ
վһԽһо۵ףֻʫдĹֱ챻ЩĻˡ
ʱԺֻʣһ仰
ֻһ»ӡˢѣǵҲˣԵûмƵġ
ڴӡˢͬʱҲؽ
׸ĵӣϵ׽
м󻬵ȣǸģʱ˴齻̸
Ϊ볣괦սҶҲΪܵ˵ϵӰ졣
ĳǣΣһʮص㣺
һΪͬʱҲһΪ
̸ӡˢ֪鲢ûӡˢӯ
׼ڻӡˢܹʽͶʹú󣬱ѽգƼ֮
ЩǶʱԹкøС
ΪˣһŰ֮ġ
齻֮󣬷ֹ鲢ǴһǴй֣뷨֮еĺøб
Ҳ˲١
ոհӲòͬʱЩ󳼸ǽ鵱˼еԴһ˿Ȱ
Ĺϵ׽֮󣬱д󳼷һߡ
ǱǴ£ƺǸ޹ϣ
ûе˶ķԸôһԵ£
̸֮УҲʱʱᵽ¡
ʲţ˵ƽ¹
壬ͨ
ЩǼٶķޣҲλȥֱ׵ĵԼɷ
ƫƫȴûƵģϵıȫû˿⡣
ʡѵǣʱ򣬻Ȼػش˵ǡ
Ǹ˵ĶȷģдһԼĴģֱ˾ûۿ
֮ĽԼˣг֮²Ϸ
̱뵽ʲϯ֮ϣչŵĳʱԼࡣ
Ƕ֪дŴ಻ʵ
ײб壬֮ˡ
ӾɵĮԼѪ磬ĹЩʣо׽
Ȼڿ֮ЩȻƺǿһЩʲô
ɷϣҲΪĻٴ󳼶¾Ĺۣ
¾ΪνΪޣ˲֪Щϳȴ֪ġ
£¾ǵûжԹǨŭذмӣԼؽ
Ŀⴥ֮ʱΧۿɼ˲١
˸оޱȵսľѪ֮ƺҲȥļ
ҲΪˣеķΧ
ı仯ȻԣҲûӹĴʱ˲١
ȻЩǽ̸ҲͬûǽЩǵԭ
ȴǿڣ˳
λ˽ն۾ϵţǡǰЩоһΪ۾Ϊǽⷬţ۾⣬Ҫλ˵ĸڹ߳ãλ˲һ

ǽЩǰҪԭһ⻰ƴǵĵ
æͬ˹顣
ʱеǰó⼸չǿʼ
ΪոյĽλ֮׽Щ
Щһʼ˼ʵ⣬Ҳ˺ʳˣ
֪۾ֻã֮Ҳã
ţüͷ΢Щϳѯ⻰ԭ
ܿ죬˸˹𰸡
λϳʵۼ֮ݰΪλ󳼼һۼڿҲΪѡ
λʲѧҲڳëϳȻżġ
ԴڻùϻԼŴ󾵣ᵽе֮˼Լһס
֪ԭ򣬹΢΢˵ͷϳ𰸣
ڸλģʵΪϻϻרΪƣ˲á
ϳԣжʱһƬʧ䡣
ȻϳҰο˹
֮˻ۼ¿壬нۣʹý۾
˼зϳʱ˾
ȻеģϻһҲҪۼ֮״Ϊơ
΢΢ͷ۾ɲϻԶ׼ȷҪߡ
֪ϳ룬ϳڣ˳
˿вԣﲻ㣬ҲܵȻ¿Ӫҵ֮ȥȻӶƣֻʱϻһЩ
ⷬǳ׷ġ
ۼ˽취
ӱɼѧˡ
˲ͬע⵽һ㣺
Ȼӣ
ȻӣЩҲŵġ
Ϊвٴÿл´Ȼжơ
ΪȻǰЩͬϴիһƯļ۸սЩ벻עⶼѡ
ֻȻӲǴʲôʱ۾ˣ
ôŹ˴õĻ᣿ֱӴ˹棺
λҲ֪µȻҤо˲һȻӹݣΪ˷պ۾벣֮ͬȻҲһͬ
һתÿģ
õĲҲȻ򵽣
̫ϲֻˣЦеĵͷ
ȻҲԣֻƷ߲;߲ͬҲͬҪơ
һдǱ˼
ڻд˰գѾᵽ߲ĺô
źÿڶڱů뿴֮ѡ
ƷȻҲԼҲϡ
˵Ҫƣ˵ǣ
Ȼжⲣ֪Ҫȴã
ʱ춼ˣûֵǻⲣɣ
΢΢ЦЦûлش⣺
λҪдձ˸λȥ
ڹⷬ飬ȻԴǾܾˡ
ϾϣѾķŴԼϻôҪⲣ
ο׾ݣǰЩŸʿ¼ʳô
Ǽ֣Ҳֱ֣ͬⲣȻҤʲôϡ֮
λ
֮ձ֮Ϊձдƪ¡
󼸷ƴ֮£Щ󳼶˷
ÿһλһ䷿ҪĲЩǣÿձ׫дһƪ塣
ֵⷬˮĲˣ
ûⲻģһԼ˶ʮƪӲ˵ΪȻԤͻ
ֻῴͳȥôಣȴֻԼԺһܹԼ壬ǿˡ
ȴ֪ڸЩڿء
һĲǿ϶ȻԼ鷿
һ鷿Ժķ䴰׻
Ҫ֪ɼףѣǲ񲻺гͬʱ鷿صͨķ䣬Ӧ𣿿ǲܰɣ
ˣЩǶмң֮ˡ
ԼⲣеӶŮã𣿵ȻҲˣ
Ҫķ任ô죿
ǲҪȥȻӶƣ
ոλǵĺøеͬʱҪոǵĺɰ
ߣֱ̫ˣ
ͻȻЩҡ
õ˵ձ֮Ȥͬʱ־ԼµµΪȥֱӴӦ˹Ҫ
Ȼչ۱ѻģָθڿأ
ףȻԵĴȴ˿ûвն
һ˿ϧ
磬й֮ˣôͱ͸Ϊޣ
ֻͷոһͷ̧۱ֿһȻʶ㽫껹δɳ׳ͷ˸һɶ
ǰлӡˢģͣй͵Ĳ
λҲ֪ˣ鲻һ˽ˡ
ʱ̲סʳڲѾõɻ
Ǳǹûһ̿ͬʱûбů紺ģ
ڻͣôã˶ע⵽˻вͬѰ¶ȡ
˼ͬ׸ϴΪĴ󳼣ΪеůȥϵĴ멡

⣬Ȼû˿ڲص˼ֱӸ˴𰸣
ԺͬʱùԺ֮У˵ů¶ȣůĹ͡
ů
һİĴʻ㣬һǰδŹĶ
ľ֮־֮УֱӴʳеɻ
֪ůΪ


79 
ûȻ, ԺصĵůȻǺдù˵ˮů
ЩڻıĳЩĻ𿻣ͬʱҲ˵ǻĹŴгõȡůʽ
ԭڵص, Ȼķʽȡů
ֵůԿƼҪ󲻸, ҲҪ̫ļ衣
ĩٺλ, ձͺѰ, ټܵĩӰ, ҹ붬¶Ȳԡ
ʱ൱һʱ䶼ڶϵ״̬, ԭĵů豸Ѿȫá
Ǳֹϵȡůʽ
ò˵Чѣʡʱʡͬʱ, Ҳ㹻ů
˺ʹĻָ˹繩, ĩеȡů
סȻҲĵů, װʩ֮ʱ, 鲻ͼͬʱȥֳ
Ժʱ, Ѿս䣬ȻҲû, 㽫ֵůᵽԺ
λѯʣҲûв˽ֱӱ㽫õĵůԼԭˡ
ȻЩȻһܳڳ, дʫڹĴʱ˵ʲôʲôȴ֪ơ
, Ҳ˴ǿû
΢˼Ƭ̺󣬱㲻ٽůԭ
ʵůҲʲôĶʩĹҲѧ裬λҪЩ½ȥɡ
⻰νһﾪˡ
ЩԭھŹеǺҪ衣
ȴͻȻӦ
ûֲȥůΪʲôһҪŪеԭ
ֻҪа취Լϲͺˣ
һЦеؽӹ
ͷ
ϳˣӹһ겻һ꣬һձѰ̿Ҳãյɿ˲٣ϳҲůضҲɺ֪ܶ࣬⹤
˻һ黹ûüͷӦһԵ˾̲סˣ
˵ˣˣɱٵҲСҪ˵ٻ鳤˰أϳӹҲҲѹǰЩղΪ˷磬˷纮⹤
ǰ仰ͬţνǼΪȻתͷͬ˵ʱǿмӣһɿģ
ٶ֮ù̾Ϊֹ
Ȼλ󳼵ⷬٶȴǸ
ûи鿪ڵĻᣬһ㿪ʼǵıݡ
ΪԼܹһЩůЩǿνǽ߾ԼΪԼȡ
ǹڶ̶̵һʱۿɲͬĴݵϷ羭Ŀ

ֻЩԼͬһ
ʲôˣұ㻹һ껹û˵أߣ˵ͬŴϼյġ
ȻңˣˣҲѰˡ
ʲôǰЩӸȾ˷纮ҹű֮Ļֱſھ
ܽᣬ˼ǣʹ蹤
˵ǣùȽǡ
һйƸп˵ڹٳ˾˹˳ϲۡ
һҲ֪Щ棬һҲ
˵еΪѡ
Ͼޣ˺˱㲻ٽˣ˱㲻ٽˡ
ڹ˵ȴһΪ򵥵¡
ڱϣһգ˫ۿŹ飬
ľʱ㿪ˣ
λ˵뷨˽⣬λҲ֪⹤ʵޣȷͬʱλ±һǿǿλ˵뷨֪λǷԸܡ
ʲôӣ
˵
ǶԭѾŶӵ׼˵Զ㣬оܾĵæ׷š
Ҳӣֱ˵е뷨
ԺĹȻޣҲʮ࣬ů̵ͼٸһ˵λ˸ϣΪλůֻһٶȻЩ
ⷨӺã
ǴͬʱϣһЩҲ
ǹʮأ𿴸ո࣬ʵ˭뵽˹Ҳκβ
ڷһȫķȻҲͲٶȽȱ㡣
֪ԼҲϵů֮󣬱ʵ˹ԺеǸ
ԺԺдһ
ռ󣬵ҲСԺлǽΪۡ
ٴڸսԺӵʱ㿴ˣֻΪʱ˼¾ݲѯʡ
˴ȫܹһ붬Բɫ߲˵ӡ
ȻĳӳԲҲܺóԣԶҲ尡
Ҳû߲£Ҳֻ뵽Լ֣ʳˡ
Ǹʵǹůֲ߲õġ
ֻ߲˻δ֣Ҳ֪ǷԳɹ
ἰ㶣Ÿ˴𰸣
ǲΪ䣬ʱ򣬱ԽһЩȽϽĻݰȥܹ
ļʡ
Ŵԣ׷׻Ȼͷ
мĴ󳼣ʱ˼
Щݵȷ󣬲ܼ磬꣬ﱻѩһѹڶջͰˡ
ƫƫЩϲ⣬ûйգڶձϲ١
ΪЩĻǣ⼸󳼿νǷѾ˼ְֹ̫䱻紵ۡ
ɾģżҲΪ·æǡ
õҲˣõӣ˵ǼѪһҹ֮丶
ⲣܹȷյͬʱֱ紵ܣǲǿʡࣿ
һЩԻôȤĴ뵽ԼϲڻŮҲһ˿Ķ
ȻһΣЩǾûпҪ⻨ˡ
Ͼϵĵůͼ͹ҪԵЩ̰ᡣ
ոҲ˵ˣȻӿҵŹʱΪԼһҲ١
ʲôˣһЩϳϵ仯Ҳܿе뷨
ɶǰĲ豭ΪԼƲסĴǴһڻ
һνǱ
ɢ֮ʱûøеҲЩһԭ
Ŵ󾵡
һõ˷Ŵ󾵺ϻ˲ůȻҲϲʤա
Ȼ˵ģĪ׸Լѧʿ´ˡ
ȥ֮´˲ҵ˻ᣬ͹˵ϼ仰
߹һλ󳼣ת㿴վһԵѧ쳡
ûüֹѧ쳱Ѿһ
Ѿͬ¹˵ˣ¹û
˵ӣС
˼ҵӡ
ѧСĶӣͬʱҲѧӵ֮ϲȻǳ谮
һʺһ겻񣬱ŲѧȻǿʹ
뾡˰취Ҳû֮߳ѧֻѡҪ֮֮
δԼӻ߳һ졣
ڼֱ߳ίΣѧô᲻м
´˿𣬱ʵʲôҲû
ȴ֮Լ߳ģûʲôϵ
æǰѧ쳷
ѧȴôΪ
ɹ˴չˣֵõ¿أнյӦܴһݡ
ᵽ˹񣬹Ҳٷûа취Ϲͣ
ȻˣǱԺԱһЩǶԱ˱𡣡
ѧ쳻δ˵һ
ѵʲôطòģ˲
ʣǵ٩
̧ۣһ۱㿴˸ոջͬ׸˵һԹģ
΢΢ЦЦæ买˹֣
ûûУӾľĸʲô
ܵõ˻شҲͷˡ
Ҳ΢΢һ˿Ц⡣
վһԵѧԭԼСʲôʱʼôˣʼѧóȻ廰ˡ
󿴵֮Ľ֪Ĺϵеĸ׽
㽫˵ҪĻ˻ȥ
Ȼ˽飬˵һ·
պҪ֮ʱ¸ٸ
ѧ쳵̬ȱ仯Ҳ΢΢һ
ཻƣ佻Ҳ
´˼ָոյ̬ȣ治֪λӦ
΢˵һѧ쳲ǡ
ȥ֮ʱûͣ׼´һֱӻغѧʿһˡ


80 
һ¾ٰķǳɹ, Ϊձ˲ٸͬʱҲˢ˲ٺøжȡ
֮ЩǶ̬ȱԵת䡣
˲, ˵˵ʱ, ޲ڡ
Щϳ̬ת, ȻҲе󳼡
ԵĲ˵, ˵⺲ѧʿ´Լ׸, ڿǵǰȡ̬, ǰ̸
˻һЩٴӱϿû̫ı仯
´ȴȫûй˼ƵģͲûн֧¡仰дˡ
ͬЩǹϵ׽ȴûȥμ¾ĳȥϢ
˭֪ЩһĬڲ˵, ɲꡣ
ԼԼ͸¶һЩǶǵϢȻ¶һĪִһNɪı, 㲻ˡ
˵ĺĿνǱĸ߸ߵ, Ȼִһ, ץӷεͬʱ־޿κΡ
˶ССԽԽ, ûеЩϳǱˡ
ϳǻ̬ⷬ, ȫ˽õġ
Цǲϻûõ֣ɰͰ͵ҫû˼
ȵõ֮, ٴϻͬЩͬǺúҫһ
־еϲòͬ˷ֲô£̲סҪ͸¶һ
ǱĴеɲꡣ
ϳЩ仯ûκڣȻҲ
Ϊôһ£ЩдӸϱ㲻ֻ֪˶
ûв͸ǽ, ¾Ϸ£Ȼһ¶
ԵĲ˵ЩϳǣԺ֪ͬʱһ֪ƫƫͲ㡱ģڻǰȴ
򲻸ҵġ
ܿ죬ϱ֪Ϸ¡
磬ʵۿ˵һҲûֱ˽¾е鷿
¾󣬻ûи¾һ㷴ӦĻᡣ
ֱӽеһ˦ѯʣ
֪
ʾ
ѵϾԭԼȹһ磬ȴϴҴҽ鷿¾ʱȷЩ¡
޴·ͬƽ˾㣬ͬʲô⡭
¾Ժ˼νµʱ򣬱Ͽ˿ڣ
㻹ʾԼʲô㲻
󣬱һɫƷ¾˹
¾ʶ̧֣Ʒס֮ŷ֣һۡ
̧ۿ˿ϵı飬¾ͷĬĬ˱еۡ
֮¾ŷ֣дۣݣǰǳ¾¡
ƪȻƫ򣬵ȷƫģ͸¶Ŷ⡣
¾޲ס
ԸʡΪʲô
ϵݺ¾еɻ󲻼
Ȼ¾е˼ʱ򣬻һοˣ
㣬ĻӡˢůΪǲΪǲʲôӵģôû
һΣϵոտƺһζ
ǳٶ¾ʱҲһЩߡ
ûʵмֱ챻ˡ
֪ǰЩʱСʱжˡ
رõŴ󾵡ϻԼԶʱֵͬЩϼһҫʱ򣬿ȺϼһĽ񣬻ʵв֪ж⡣
˭֪һ¾
ʲôˣ
ڸոգЩϼһᵽʱǽһ޲ڡ
ϿʼûòԣôĶӣӶԼĶмӣҲǸ˵ġ
ţʵ۱úЩԡ
Щϼһ˵Ŵ󾵺ϻʱܸϻ⣬ܽóҫһ
˵ձʱͬҲһԶһűˬġ
Щϳ˵ձŵ㣬˵Ӣʱи˵ķ졣
ǵȵЩ˵ӡˢʱ򣬻ϱʲôطе㲻ԡ
ȵЩ˵ůʱ򣬻ϱ㳹ײ˲ԡ
ʲôϱ㳹׳һˣȫ岻ϻ
ƫƫΪǰЩӵĸߵҫЩϳһΪЩ϶Ѿʶˡ
ûһ˸ϽЩΪ
ǰЩҫ˸ˬĻȻҲ˼ʡ
˼ʣϻҪװһʲôʲôЩƽˣûѿҶӣôܸɵģ
浽жҲֻлԼ֪ˡ
ⲻЩϳǰŸߣʵۺű㽫¾е鷿ֱʦ
ϻ˵ıŤǰ¾˵治֪Ҫʲô
ͬദˣ¾ҲܹһЩ㺬塣
ټϸոջϽ¾ʱʵЩ΢
ٳ֮ǰʲô£ּ̫һɰӡ
̫е֪ϲŸոͬǰЩвμ¾Ĵ£Щ²⣬Ҹ¾
¾е£ŸʸոյǾ仰֪ʵ˼ֱԼˡ
Ż
ʵ۸˸
ʣӡˢԼůⲣԼЩеĳСԭǴ׸ʣֻΪδȫƣڸǰ׳󡣡
ôҲ˵ùȥϵȻ˲٣ЩᣬôǶõˣ
¾΢΢Ųæظ˻ش
˵˲ȻҤ֮Уûʹ
⻰ɲ¾ԣǰЩȻҤһֱȻӿҪõĲƷŵλ˵Ĳղſʼơ
ڵůμԺݵʮ˶ᣬڹ黹ڶԲôůĹнѵ
ʵʱҲ뵽ˣոЩƺȷ˵˵ҪһЩʱ׼û͹ȥ
ɫʱÿ˲٣¾
ԭҲΪϲůֻݻʹС£ټȻҤϵͣʹȵȶ֮ѯʸʵ
ǵȫʵ۱֪ԼǴˣ
ȿȿȣ˵ҲǣֻҲؽʹһֻ鷿ҲǿԵġ
˵ļǣǶǷףԺ㽫Աߴ磬Ϊ鷿Ŵ
¾ؽԼϣΪ鷿һ¡
»ʵǳˣ
鷿ҲҪòҲ֪һȽŻʹҪĴ
ʱһЩϼһⲣ
Щϼһͬҫ
ȵϲ֮콫Щϼһе鷿ǣ
ȻҪ˲ĻʵȻ
Щģ˲Լӡˢһ¡
һж˸ոյľ飬¾ʱ˻ʵһĽ͡
ҴӦظȻӿʼ첣ҪĲȡڻϵ԰д
ڻӡˢȻ͸ýˡ
Ͼģ϶࣬ٶȽ
ǰû˵ΪͶʹãҪȵͶʹ֮ٸһϲ
ӡˢĻģѾ˲©ȱ״̬ѾԿʼӡˢ徭󣬻ϱЩסˣȥһ
һͨȰ˵Ŵ˻ʵеͷ
ˣʵۻȥϽǻӡˢģ˹оƬ̺󣬱㷢е
Ҳ룬ֱ׳ؽСģսٻ
ֱ׳
¶޵ģҪһģôˣЩǶˣʻҪˣ
ɴһŰ¾߳鷿ֱԹˡ
¾νǴӽ鷿ʼһֱ״̬
֪Ϊʲôʵõӡˢģ֮ı֣¾ûһʼǳģģ
¾Ȼѹ׵뷨תȥ
Ȼڳ֮ǰ¾Ҳûȥ̫ҽԺһˣ⸮ϵҩֿˡ
νһ죬µټ̫ҽҵѾǳˡ
ֱӶͬǻ̽ͬĿƫȥ
¾ƺҲʶԼʱʱ̫ҽԺ̫ҽҩΪ̫׵
˳ڱԸ̫ҽһ䣬Ժÿֱӽҩȥ˳һƽ
Ҫ̫ҽҲӦ
Ͼڿɴ󷽶ˡ
ԵĲ˵
˵ϴҩ֮ʱӣɱһٺ»ˣ
¾ɹ̫ܲҽʲô򵥵ķԸ̫ҽ䣬װҩĽ뿪˻ʹ
Ҫ֪ո̫빬ʱΪǳʲôõ£ϵı鵣ǵúܣڵþȥͬƽ
ʵڻʵ۲ǻӡˢģʱѾµ˻ʵټ¾⡣
¾ظ󣬴¾е֪ʵ۵ȷΪûһȥʹר¾ȥʦ
еʯͷصͬʱҲЩЦá
ͬʱҲ֪ˣԺʲô͸֮ǰһҪȸʹһݡ
λټļ˸ֲȻҲڣһ·ϲ˶õϢ
һֱΪ֣Χ˲ߵĴȻڵһʱ֪ˡ
ԭ¾븮ʱ򣬴ӻаϲ
ʱͻȻټʲôʮ𼱵֮⣬ˡ
Ȼϲʲô̫ĲӦǰߡ
ǰߣǱֻǺˡ
֪Ϊ¾ЩЩͷ£ʵغۡ
ڼ¾ҪùˣȻǲûи߸һʾף
Ȼûף̨Ӱµ˻ر
ִ鷿ˡ
ˣ
𣬸֮һĴá
ӸвŻûĴֱ˸⡣
ʱӵı֣ӦԹһۡ
ܿŭ
Ѿ޶ɳڸˤ⣬ʲôˡ


81 
˴ӸϸƵԽƵ֮, һʱ䣬ʵϷƽ˾
ҲѵϾ
ÿ¾һһùźȥԼ²ҵļ, ֮СƬ̱СԺмͬһ, һЩҸеС
ʱʱػȥ, ԼС糤ôˡ
֮, Ҳ֪ǲٽ, ¾ϵҲ, ÿչñظˣҲѵø˲ٹʱ䡣
УֻҪǳ۾, ܿЩӵദ, ү֮ԭǵķΧø޼, ݲ˲롣
Щ, ǼԼүԼСָʹת
Ϊû, һνòС֮󣬱㱻ְŸϳСԺӡ
ϳʱ, үȻ֪Լ˵ģ˶ɢһ޴ѶϢ
ȻıƺЩʣҲò˵, ֮󱻸ϳǻԺⲻ뿪ү
ͷģЩЩ˴֮ܵ˵𷣣Ҫ, ȴֲҵĴ󹷹
νһۡ
֮⣬ҲԼүڻųͷصĳ
⻹ҪԺеЩС˵
ϲء
˵ȻҲϲ磬ҲҪʳһԣ塣
һ¶֪ġ
үǻãرӣ߲Ȼ󣬵Ҳ
˳붬󣬾ҲֻһЩɹõĲ˸ԼͶ
Ȼû˵ʲôʳȴһձһ١
ǿＱȴҲûκΰ취ֻóٽʳﴦؾϸЩ
ںԺ˲ֱӿʼڲгֲ߲ˡ
زЩ¿ԽΪһʱȤҲΪ˳߲˵ϣ˷ܡ
ֱӾܾصҪ󣬶һǴȻԴǵ˵һ䣺
Ƿ˵ҿԣ
󣬹³ųͷ˲
ǹСӻǹ飬ǰɶûЩֻ
Զֵһ£黹Ǿͨ˰ϡһϲͨ
ʼͷļͷȻƬ˵زŸոշ֮һ˲ԡ
Ϊ֪ɣȫһʱѾоЩʹ
΢΢̯˿ȻϲͬѰĳɫǼȥᱻͷĥˮݡ
ʣµĵأͽɰɣ
վһԵʼ״æǰһѯʡ
ЦΪôһƬ˵ؽԼ˵ˣүظ֮϶ٲǵĹԡ
ôѳͷʰɣеԲԼոĵ˵ĻԴĸоͦۡ
ǲɣԼƽģĥˮݣҲͦۡ
ڹΪӵľʱΪ֮ʱǡ¾ظһ߽Ժӣ㿴վڲеԼʡ
߹㿴ԼһΪѵģʶѯʣ
ôˣ
үá
һͳϤֺ۾˲
ֱֽ¾˲Ӧֱӽеĳͷ¾У
׼ⲣůֲһЩ߲ˣүȻˣǱҽƬ
ɡ
ʾľ¾ģ¾ľġ
¾¾
˵ڵĻɱ¾˵ڵĻ¾ɵ±ɵ£
ʽ
Խص¶¾ɣ㲻Դ
¾ȫ֪߼ʱʲôһ۱ǿеĳͷ
øеˣ
ɲ¾Լոճ嶯֮˵ʲôĴ󻰣Դǣĵķ
ֳ߲Լֳ㣿
Ȼ⻰ȴȫ¾ŷ
Ͼɱκ˶רҵרҵ
ӡˢԼԶٵǰЩӵ̿ʣĸǹֵָµɵģ
ôֵأƫƫͱˡԼֳĸ㣿
鵱ȻԼոһʱͷԷµĴˡ
¾ųͷһҲģֱ˫һУóɵѯʣ
үѵǲ᣿
ǻġ
¾Ҳ˴𰸣⻰޵ķʸ
ս֮У¾ڱ߹سפ߹صغٳĸزࡣ
¾ԼֵµһӱҪԷҲʵڸֻ̫࣬Լֿٸء
вʿũңһЩһһҲǸظ˳
¾ΪǴȶĵķ濼ǣҲҪͬʿǹˡ
¾Ҳֹصġ
ڿȻЩĪֽϵĴ멽ϸϸϺתʼ˵ϵĲ˵ء
мһ֣֪ûУԵĲ˵¾ƾͱȹרҵˣҷĵأҲȹ鷭˵һСƬ롣
Ҫģ
ٶҲȹ˲١
ոۻŷ˴Լ֮һĵأ¾ֱӷ֮һ
״ڷģһԵʣ
Ҿ˵аɣôܹ˵Լأ
˵ëǴĩ֮ġ
ĩˣʱʱ̶̿Ů϶ûʲôš
СܹҲһЩ
ʱĻ֮УܵһЩӰ죬Щʱһע⣬ͬոһ㣬һСĻЦ
˵Ҳ˵ˣȫûзΪһ仰Ӳ塣
Լԭͷص¾ϵĶйһ˲ͣ١
Ƭ̹Ƭ˵رѾ¾ȫ˳
Ĳ
ǰĲ˵أЦеǰĵشԼĲʺƨ
ǰֻ֪ү˫ȫû뵽ֵүҲôרҵһʽȥЩʱǾӦܹʵ߲ˡ
߶߶˺һڲ˲ԡ
¾ôôأ
ڹҪѯ֮ǰ¾Ѿпˣ
ôܹ˵Լأ
ζı飬Զѡ
ʱ򣬹ڷӦ˹Լո˵Ǿ仰ƺЩ塣
˵ǻʱƺҲ̫ԣ¾ˡ
ԴϱһġΣ
ۼ¾ɫԽԽ鼱æڣ
үҽƱ硭ҽ͡
ؽƱˣ¾Ҳ룬ֱӳһ죬㽫˻У̱֪вС
߽ԷԷеĴҲ֮󣬸ոմů˳ȥ
ʲŻһ˳
һڸոүõĲ˵صв֣һĬĬֹţ
Դ֮үĲںˣ⻹ǰء
Ȼ˵еĶȴû˿ͣЪ
˵һģʲֵͬʱ¾Ҳͬ¡
ΪǰƬջδüأůеƬ¾ַĲ˵ظӼһЩ
ҲѲҵ£ֻҪʱ䣬ԶһЩ
ʿʼ֮ʱ²Ÿոտʼ
ֹ֮ʱѵ֮ͬҲʼ˲֡
ֻǴֽ֮ڲ֡
еĲ˵㹻㣬ʹ¶죬Ҳɵ˰Ƭ˵ء


82 
Ƿƽ˾, ھеİ˵ʱھз¿ɲ١
һǹһ¥԰Լ¸¿ҵˡ
Ҳ֪ǲǻ˶, ¥ҵʱ, νǼ
ֶ, ڽϷŴ
뾩еİǰɲ֪⴫Ϊ, ֱι԰Ӻ¸ҵʱ, ŵһμ
ԭ¥ҵ, ھеİ˵ʲô¡
Ͼ¥ѣھпɲ㺱ÿ϶ô䡣
յ֮, ȴвȤȥһ
ǵĻ˵, ǡŴѱ, ȥײȥ
һȥ, Щ˱㱻¥ҵĲƴָһ
Ȳ˵ŵϺõʯש˵ǾӨ͸, յõĴ˾ޱȾˡ
˷, ⴰ¥еĲߣҲƵĲʡ
Ө͸, УŲҶ·ɵģνǺÿˡ
ȥƹⴰʲôƳɣ͸ģ
һ, ƹҲû˿˼ЦеĻشţ
ǴͲ߰ɲɵģΪͲߣΪ͸
ƹ˵ʱ˶٣ڽ˵ĺĶᵽ˶֮󣬲Ƶؽ˻
ǲֲʵص㣬ǲƷģ
԰¿ҵ֮ȻѲߣǰȴѡ
Ҳ˵ܹᲢҵһģǼЩҵ׵ġ
ЩﲻǮȻͶⲣ˼æѯʣ
ǲ֪ⲣҪλã
ⲣǶģСҲ֪λá
ƹЦеʻ֮
˸ӣڼʲô֮ǰֽһ䣺
ҼҶ˵ˣ˶ãλھйˡ
ԭЩʧҪ׷ƹ԰ӵĶ˭ˣʱ±תע
˶Ƕã
ܹھй򵽵ܹʲôط
ȻЩʣƹȴôҲ͸¶ࡣ
ʼˣֻЦеػһ䡰˵ˣʱλȻܹ֪ˡȻ㲻
ƹ̬ⷬȣףǿӦʲʲôˣҲֻա
Ȼϲ˵ʲôжڡƷĹעȴֱӱ˶㡣
˷ԸԼҵˣʱ̹עžеĶ̬һвϢ
װ޺Ͳ֮⣬¥л˾þϲĵط
Ȳ˵ƴֵĶ˾Ϸ̨ϳ
˵¥İᣬŴһأ֮˸ڵĶʧΪһ̸µĺȥ
ÿĲԶһģƷ
˵СĻӵƹ񴦣ʲôҪֻҪ԰һСǰţѯ
ЩϰİСһֱŵˣ˲١
ȻôϲĻǲ¥ԺϢ
һ¥ұ㲻˵ˣ¥ĶȴǼΪѵá
˵ⶫǸ˵ģʹ¥ĸߣĶȴΪˡ
˵ĲˮʮǮһ
˵һˮ¥Ҹλ£һ顣
ϵҲΪȫһЩ徭֮࿼ѧҪõ鼮Ҳ־顣
Ǻѧɬ飬Ҫ¥нܳҲǿԵġ
԰Ӳſҵʱ
ѧ֮д
вɬĺѧӣ԰ӵһ˵Ĳ裬鼮ܳ
Ҳ֪ǿǵ˺ѧӵ֪ǰָ룬ԺҲһרŵСš
¥鼮ĺѧӲԸӴŴǰ룬ѡСţֱ¥
֮⣬¥˵Ҳ˼
˵ǰûģµҲЩͬ˾öĿһ£ȲҪ֪ݡ
ⲻڽϱӸյһ˵԰ӵ¶
ӴⲻĹ׼ȥĶ
׼ȥ԰ӣأ
ⲻ𣿱үҲ׼ȥ԰ߣһ𣿡
Ǿһˣɵÿȥ˾ûλˣ
Ĺ˼Ҳȥģ
˭˵أպ˵Ǻ͵͵ĵطҪǲҲ˯ˣ
ⲻҲһû˯ߣⰡǸϽȥ԰ռλɣ

ĶԻڹӸżʡ
ԭ򣬻Ҫӹ԰顶һࡷ˵
һ࣬ıһڼĺũӡ
ΪиеܵܣڲвλãڼҼܳ裬ũ࣬ǵõʳȴ١
ȼеֵܶҪϻۣͷԸȻĸǲѧãֵѧ
ǺȴǸģ͵͵һݹǮҲϾʱ͵͵ϰ֡
ֻϧΪɬʵīֽ⣬Ҳֻڵϣָմˮ֡
ڼӣҲǺȴǸģźǮѧãΪ
д֡
Լ͵͵ѧϰ֮Ϊץסİѱвдʦµú󹦿Ρ
ⲻ֪Ժ˵ȴ֮õĺ£ڼƴǣȻв֮󣬱㡰òӦ
ΪⷬѧԽԽá
度¸ĸԼĹζɺдģԾæڻĸĸҲһֱûֶܷߡ
üȥˣѧԽԽãҲˣźĹѧıԶѧʺõˡ
ΪΧ˵ĹάúƮƮȻ
ԼѧµһֻҪ³ԣһԸУȫԼڵȫǺġ
ʮ֮ʱѧõ£³ʶƾ٣ʹҲûϵ۾ɡ
ѾƮҲĺȻûκ
ƾٵͯԣҪο߱˻Ǽϼȥñĺ븮һľ룬ǺؼұϰԵúȥ¡
ǺһлӴԼļһΪ󵨵ľ
ڸ屨ͬʱҲԼ
˵Ǿͳһѵ˵鷽ʽҲͬ
һ¿ν˵ĵʮ㡣
Ҳźһʱȴһľ죬ű˵
Ԥ֪Σ»طֽ⣡
ûˣ
ûˣ
˵һ仰ֱû
浽׷ʲô
˳
ĸĸ
Ƿܹ˳μӿԣ
ԽΣ

ﴧôʣ˵θȻǱĸ߸ߵģȻ˵ȴûп˵Ƶģ
ϵһһգֱת뿪λ
Ҫǻеǣһͷ֪һ͵Ĵˬġ
һЩۣ϶˳μӿƾ٣Ȼһ·ңƽֱࡣ
ؼҵȻǻڲпԼϹ
ڼһ㹷ѪԪأдһè̫ӡ
ؼҶԺ˿ʵΪؼҵһ˼ҵ
ֻؼҷ۲˼ҵĽʳ֮˻ӡ
ԼĺӵȻۣȻǿɾĴĥ

Ȼ˿ɲǺ֮ô໨ڵС˵ùһһĹѪ
һĹ£˵ǶںһͷҲûС
ⲻ¥ոտţϵˣܹһʱµĺ


83 
һһࡷֱù԰б
˾ʵ֮, ԰лвʵĽĿ
˵ǰĴϷ̨ϣʼļ˾Ϸ
˺ǻٳˡ
ʱǰ˵, Щʱ, 
, һʼЩ˲ϰߡ
볡, ܿᵽе
ʱʱᱻԱ, ҲᾭΪһ仰Ц
ҲʧΪһַɵķ
Ȼ, ԰Щӱ, Ǿа۵ص㡣
а۵ص㰡԰Ӹ, ͬһλ¸ϡ
¸ǰѲ¥ǰھҲС
ֻ, ̫ðˡ
ϾǾѲ¥Ķң˭ػ·Ǹ, ֻŮ˰ȥĵطôһ¥
ǰЩڿѲ¥Ъҵʱ, ˻Ŷҿˣ֪ط¥, ׼Ӫˡ
˭֪ǰѲ¥¿ҵȻƸĳ¸, ҲܸıǸ¥ʵ
˿¸ƯԼ͸Ĳ, пϧ, ¸Ķ, ¥ǮҪˮƯˡ
˭֪뷨Ÿոðյ¸Ĵ
д, ¸󲻽һ¥Ҳһ޶Ůл
ǴЩʣ˵ǽһ컨׹
Ůȥһˣ͸ŮĽƵġ
ԭڿ¸װʱбЩ棬ڿ֮иǴ
Ĵ
ܹʹѡ
ÿһŴı󣬶һС֣
ֱߣɻ¸Ҷƿһ
ƷǼгڳЩλǼгںλݲģ֪Ǻ
ǿǹϺ˶˵õ
˵֮Ƥɾϸ˳㡣
Ķ˭ܲϲ
˵ôʣҶƿң
ĸŮֿܹסջأ
Լѣһȥ¸
ԭеĹŮǻ룬¸ΪʲôҪǿԼŮл
ֱĳӵܱ֮ʱƺ⡣
꿪Ӫҵƾʲôñүȥ
ףҲӣҦס֮󣬺ǲš
׵ĽҦӲؽţ
λү¸ŮлֻΪŮԹ˿ͷֹ
ʲôֹŮȥ˲ȥĵضСүҽƫҪȥҺΣ
ȫҦӵĽͣ˵ű׼ֱڴ
ȻŸոǰ㱻˸
λү¸п˽ΪŮðȻ룬ᾪŵˣȥ
ոȣҦεԶһ˿࣬һ˿ζ
Ҳ֪ǷҦӵⷬٶ׾ʧӣʱԼСʹɫ׼Ӳġ
׵ĵ˶ֱ֣ӱ¸ϵǰеĻƷˡ
ⷬٶҦӳ
˸ƹ񶪳ȥ
ЩҲֱӽ˸¸Ĵ֮⡣
Щ
ǴгģͷĹԱ˸ߡ
ӳȥʱлЩֱӽ˶˽ֵ롣
ʱÿֵʱػ·ϻвٹǧѡ֬ˮۡ
˴ĶȻ˵ע⡣
˿űף²ŷʲôµʱ򣬱ҦӴ¸˳
ޣ˵ֻдŮпֹ㲻Ҫһ꣬Ƶ֡˲أѵȥ˼ͣҲһ˺Ժ겻ɣʲô
Ҧָ׵ıӱһ֮Ⱦòֱӿոս˶Ļһָָۣձ˷ף
ѴŸ￴ˣֵͽҪٸҿ¸벽͸ȴۣ۶ҵ𣡡
˵Ҳ׵ɫжѿһ˦ӣֱӳ¸ȥ
ǣ
ԵĻҲҦӵ˼΢΢˹ֱֱ֣ؿף嵶ϴ
ģ·׸ǰϰ벽Ҧԣֱӿȡ
ױǸӲ̬ǲǰ
ּԵʱʱж֮£ææıԼĻˡ
ոձ㱻סĿŮǴʱȻҲǿȫ֣ʱ۷׷
ǲԶҵĶô˸ˣ
¸ƹǲЩˣ
û⿪ģвÿŵĵ
ʲôǰЩ¸Ĵûյװ׵дţŮԻбֹ
ûȻбֹ㲻
ʧ񣡡
ûƹ˵ѵбȥ˼ͣҲһԺŮҵĹꣿո˵ƹֵģѵ
˭ûˣ˭ǸҼҺԺ꣬ٲñԺǶȥ
Ȼˣƹֺδ֮У
ƹǲ̫ˣֻҲ˵ó
˭ҹȥȶģ
Զҵġ
ûƹ˵𣿴ҵ˵ֻ˵ģһһ

¸УĿһеһλŮҲҦʳеⷬɻ
Ҧӣ˵ոǻͲ¸Ƕ鷳
¡
ҦҲֱҡҡͷ
۶˵ˣ߱£ȻλС¸¸֤λСİȫոλģ㲻ֱӶֱɡκ£Ҷܵ𣡡
ŮҦ鲻٣֪ⲻǳܣ¸󱳺Ķңµȷλ
뵽¸ŵ͸ǵб˲²⣬ʱҲ
ҦӽյⷬٶԼǹŮ˵ĻûõĹ򣬱㴫ĹŮȦ
ԭ¸ȤģʱҲһ˼
¸ѵĹŮԽԽ࣬ŮǱԽԽ֣¸ĺ֮
Ȳ˵ǰϷ̨Ӻǰᡣ
˵Ժ㹻ùŮǾϲ
ر¥İĦҡ
Ͼ÷ˣ¥ݸůůˮ裬ǰĦһˣ˸Ǵͷŵذһ顣
˵¸иǰĦŮǶɹźһֵ̳ġ
ַר
ҵˡ
һΰ±ֻͨ泩ݡ
ˣĦͬʱ˳ͷĻ
Ҳ֪¸Ķ˭ĤͷĤֱǹüˡ
һΣܿͼӰЧ
ͷں˳࣬ϵƤҲۻ˲٣һ±ʮ꣬һλҲ벻ˡ
֮⣬¥˵Ҳ˼
˵˵Ĺ°С̼С㸺ɡ
ԭǸɸ֮󣬾ȻѾȢӵ룬ӭȢϷŮʱλŮǼֱ콫еˡ
Ǹɰǲ˵ͬʱڿ̼С㣬ԺǷ࣬ݵĲ죬ᱻֱӱΪҡ
˭֪˵ݣȴȫͬ
С֪࣬ȻֱǸɺˣ
λŮоò˼Ƶͬʱ̲סҪ
ʱ򣬹Ůޱȸл¸Ķ趨бֹҪ
бڣ治飬ǿ򲻸ҽģ
ʹǴ治ûʱ䣬¸еġ̼С㸺ɡĹھеĹŮȦ
ǹŮԼͻϣҲв⡶̼С㸺ɡ¡
ΪŮΥʵš
Ҳ˾̼СûȻѾȢˣֺα˩̼Ůţ
νԽ࣬ȶԽ
ʹعصŮңҲķΧУ̲סȥ⡶̼С㸺ɡĹ¡
¸еĿˣȻҲԽԽ࣬˺Ҳͬ԰ҪȥռλãϺڵʢ


84 
˹԰¸֮, Щﾩ۵ģǷȻӺϴիĪ
ڹ԰Ӻ¸¿ҵյĹȻҲ¿Ӫҵˡ
Ϥֶ, ϤĴ, þеİҪԶѡ
Ȼ, ҪĻȻӿҵ֮, ƳµƷ

Ĵ, ڹ԰Ӻ¸¿ҵʱ, Ѿھеİӡ
ھ˭˲֪ĺô
͸ԺáӨ͸, ;㷺Ĳ߻Ǵ, ΪƯ
֪ȻоȻвЩѾθڵô̵ס
Ȼӿҵһ죬㱻ŵĿ˸˸á
ȻЩ˱㾪ȵķ, ⲣȻߡ
չʾ񡢲;ߡ֣Լյ˺ֵ
ĿƷûֱۡ
вƴֵ, ָŵĲƷ, ǳطԸţ
ƹж, үȫˣ
˭֪ƹ⻰֮Ϸǵû˿ϲ, Ϊѣ
⡭ү, ²С
ôͲˣ˫һ, Ƶؿƹ
ģ, ˵ƹǲܸһĽͣ㲻ưոݡ
ģүҲܿ, ȻڲƷࡣ
ƹ΢΢첻˵š
Ȼ´¿һۣͷͬţ
ȷࡣ
ۿɼķΧڣ˲ĲߵһЩǲչʾԼԼٵĿ
ߣÿľֻһ
ΪȻҤĲޣҹҲԸˣҪһҤ޵ĲֻȽŹ
е
ĲʲôˣƹҲΪºͣ
ΪڲޣԶ˵ˣȻӵĲҪǰƣۡ
ǰƣۣĵظһߣʲô˼
ǰƣǶģ︮ÿ껻´ɣΪ޴Ҫڴ︮ı־Ҫǰơ
ۡ
үĻ۵˼ڵֻⲣֵÿֻһס
ƹҲ֪ĵɻҪ֮ϣЦеĽš
һô
ûгҪ߰ײֹˣ
ⲻΪ𣿡

Ļû˵˾̲סˣСرԹš
ƹҲֻ¼Цеصȵ˱Թһ󣬵֮󣬲»ڣ
λҲˣڵƷޣҤҪĲٶʵǸϣǲЩƷڳκһҶȫ¡
ǵһ˽ЩƷߣ˿ɾһҲûˡһҲҪϰ࣬ϾҤܲƷİɣ
ԭڲȻ۵Ĺ涨һ⻰ϸ룬ֵȷе
ȻڰڷŵĴ໹ǴֻҪһƬרŵڷ˲Ʒ
һȥ
ٿЩˣҶ֪֪ףƹ˵ǰ㣬κһ˶ȫĲƷ
Ȼ⡰һһһסչʾ񡱵ƷҪǰƵȹֻű¡
ʱ˲üһ¼۸񣬽֪ⲣƷļ۸񣬿ɱеҪˡ
һͨûκװ񻨵Ĳ
ӣԼʮһ׵ġ
Ҳˡ
ǰմСۣƴСĿӡ
ĿСˣһҪϰ
ЩֻǾƬļ۸񣬲ľ
ҪǾ͵üǮľĵ̶ԼĸӾϸ̶ȣ۸һ
ۼ۸ж֣ͬһص㡪
ʹǸողƴֵ˵еĲүүڿļ۸Ҳʼ
Ҫһʼָ˾ù
ЩӸԺֻƹոաۡޡҲҪһϵеĻ
һ۸ȻۣҲúˡ
ÿ˶ƹﶨ˲ٶ
ǲƴһǧģǼǮƶǴƵġ
ͬ˳֮ȻԭĴҲ˲ý
ԭЩ˵šһǰļ۸񻹲ڵһҲʧˡ
Ȼӿʼ֮󣬲˶ڹ԰Լ¸¥صĶң˲²⡪
ȻеĲ˽Σ¥ĶȴûƵܹһ˶ࡣ
۹԰ӻ¸Ȼӣ⿪ҵǰֶΣһǳһ֮֡
ŹͬĶңˡ
ʱ򣬾Ҳммѵ¸ǰѲ¥ǰĵȷȷǳжĲҵڹ˴С
Сӳ֮ʱ㱻˴ӵױ͸˹СӣҲڵ
֪ȻӱĲҵ
һܹ˵ͨˡ
ѹǰ¸ҵ֮ʱױ¸Ҧƹж˳
ô棬Ȼ֮ˡ
˭֪ԶǸΪǳģ
б裬ºûȥ¸˶ģھȻѪ̡
Ҳûܹ׳ôһˡ
һʱ䣬Լ⾩֮пνǷͷͷβһ˵Źڹ¶
˵ڡ
ǰôûôбأ
ô˵
⻹ʣ㿴еЩҵĸ׬ǮӪ
ûù԰Ӻ¸˵ڿҪǰԤԼλˣ򰡣ֻã
ҼҷںҸȥһ¸ͬ˵԰ӻã¸ΪŮѹûдãһ¥Ҳǰ䣡˵¸ѾʼʵʲôԱˣ
ԱƣǺ˵
֪ҼҵĻͬ˵¸дһӱܻһĻԱʸһֻܴȡҲ˵ȥˣֻ¸ʹã
ԶԶԣ˵ڶ꣬ǮûУٽһѣֻܱԱݣȻ¸ʣµǮ㣬ͬʱԱݣԺ󶼲ȥ¸ѣ
֪ľˣˣ˵¸лԱֵȼʲôԱ𿨻ԱʯԱԼڿԱÿȼĻԱÿҪɵĻҲͬأ
Ҽ˵˵ҪÿֵڿԱܹܹԤ䣬¸ṩŷȻǱҲԱ˶һײ
ҵθԹԣȥԱ𣿡
аôûУ˻أ˵Աˣ
ԱˣԺ˾Ͳټˣ
ǿԣǾ˵ǸǮܽˣô£ҼҲûҽҲǺ
࣬һΪȻ׬Ǯأû뵽¸ȻҲô
˵¸˵
˵е
ǰǳĲݰˣ竷𣿡
԰ôһ޵ͱ˸Ƶģ
˵᲻һжǡ߻ģֻһϵĻӣ
Ҳпܡ
ô˵ĻҲ˵ͨ
˵ͨƨǲ¶ӣλԴУӪУ޽ȥ֮ǰûŪЩ
Ŷ
һһ£ǿ϶֪
ʲô¶
ǰЩϴիĶңܼңΪ˱סϴիĳ𣿡
ԶԶԣ֪
ʱô˭֪
֪⣬˭𣿡
˭
ɣ
¶ˣ
ܣȻڲ¥ģǮ
ˣûգɸմӳֶķһǮ
˻ô˵ȷǸﰡ
ɲôǰЩȻӺϴիǴ˵ȻǱе¶һֲ߻ģ
ɣ

ͨȻ֪ȻӺϴիҼ۸սе׷ʲô飬ֿ˶٣ȴܴĽжӮ
۸ս֮ȻӺϴի̹ţ˫ԪˣʵȻ
ΪȻӹΪݣҵƳµƷ
ϴիžڹţ¿ҵ֮
ǰޱ仯˵ʼ·ˡ
Ϊֱ۵һ㣬˼ĳ˹԰Լ¸
ϴիȴҪǽǽĶǽɲɣˡ
ӣ˭˭Ӯ⻹Ҫٿ
뵽ϴիܼڵľ˲ɴһ£
ȷǲã
˻д˷Ӧʵڵϴի³ȷá
ڼ֮󣬼ϴӳڰĲǱǮܼǰϴիεĿˡ
Ͽ֮ϴիԭΪܹһȴû뵽ŽجεĿʼ
³ܼңŷ֣Ҫ³ء
Ȼ¿ҵ֮ǰϴիƽ￴Ҳ֣ʱʱпš
һ٣ʵʵĳɽȴ͵ˡ
ÿһˣڹһȦ֮󣬶Ǻ⡣
ҪôֿտյֱȥҪôͻǳֱ׵ƹԼܼҵλӣ
ҼǵǰЩļ۸񻹲ڵ֮һôôˣ
ƹԼܼҵλ˽ͣϴիԭļ۸ˣǰЩŽۡ
˭֪󲿷ֿ֮Ťͷߣ߻˵ʲôȻһȥԱߵ¥֮Ļ
ƹԼĲûֱӱѪ
Щ˿¥֮Ĵ꣬Ҳ֪ġ
ǴӻɫǴʽϴի
˵һĻЩ꣬ǰϴիЬ䡣
ڴ󲿷˶ϴիᲢ۲˵ϴիЩĴꡣ
ʣµһС֣ǻ˵һ䣺
ǰЩӵļ۸𣿡
ǰЩӵļ۸
ǰЩӵļ۸
ի˽ĺƹֲɵӣôǰЩӵļ۸
Ȼһ񶨵Ļش֮Ҳֱ뿪˵̡
һЩ˵ģһ䡰ǰôͲˣֱӽ˸
ֻܼҵҲþ
Ͼ״ܼʼҲһЩ׼ܼҵԤ֮Уȵ꣬껻´ɵʱӦܵõ⡣
ܼҲץֵµĹϽоһЩƷϴիľ
˭֪Ʒûоجȴһһ
Ȼ¿ҵƳ˲Ʒ
ԭͲϴիĿǣʱӲˣֱŤͷȥȻӡ
űҤĹǼ˹
ԭܶͬȻӴ۸սʱΪ˽һѹɱֱӿҤĹǮ
ͬȻҤеĹһܼҵҤеĹͬͷβʹǮأ
òǮ˭ԸΪܼ
ΪȻƳ˲ܼҴƷҲԽԽ٣ֱӳΪѹһݡ
󣬹Ǳ㼯˹ֱԲǮ㲻
ͷܼԭͼĽͷö߻˲ӣǻϽ͡
нܶ˸Ѫͷ֮Ҳֻܿʼʰ̯ӡ
˵˵ǵǮŽЩ˻
ס֮ʱҲԽԽˣĲԵһ˿Ϣռ˼İ취
ܴĽ£ǰн껻´ϴի˳ȥ
ò˵ʹȷͨյķꡣ
ȥ̶յĹϴիѾ˻ůơ
ŵԽԽĿˣԼĳɽ
һһֱ˪ϣҲѵһ˿Цݡ
ڽѾܹһ⣬ȵ꣬ϴիΪʹúֻһʢ
ܴ󣬿ǰ⼸յ˱Щ
ϴիЩٶȻûӹһֱעǵӵ۾
һϢӱֱȥ
Իͨ籨ţʵе˻ߵ˶֪ůˡ
ûԴԺݺ֮ӱԼҲŪһס
Ȼ˵ҲҪֻ֮ܰסеļȣ˵ȵʹݽٶӸ
ԼĸۡʱֶܶԵůԼ۲ýɲʱô
Ժûжķ䣬е˿ɣֱס¡
ˣӵĵ˵Ǻ⡣
ʱ򣬹黹ڿЩӵ˱
Դӹ԰Ӻ¸ս𣬶ȻҲſҵ֮󣬹ҲñǰæµһЩ
Ӱર˵˺һϴի£˵ûκα仯
ɩɩ˿ڲӼ״æкţô
šһΣڸ˻Ӧ
ǻɩôһ㷴ӦҲûУԸоЩܡ
Լǿ˵˴أ
ҪʲôӦ齫һҳĿ꣬˱һԣ尣Ѱ·ˡ
šţһ£ȻŷӦɩ֪ǻô
ιû˵ֻһ
Ȼ֪
ܼҺϴիһݣץסô
У
ô
仰û˵꣬뵽˹ո˵Ѱ·ʱеƶȻ
˲ʲô
¡
ҲǻɩܼҺϴիµĿӣ
ò˵ദôãȻ¾Ѿﵽ˹һ񣬱֪дĬҲһ˽⡣
ʹеȷǹܼڵһӡ
ͬҲȷܼҵһݡ
ϧܼеǸݣѹյһݡ
ϴիů󲻵죬ܼĿڵǿûȥʱϴիֳˡ
ΣΪϲ֪˭˵һ䣬סŵؤֵĴ룬ǳϴի
һ仰ˮ˹͹ֱըˣ
Ҫ֪ЩϴիŻʹĶ磬ȥ˲ٴ
һɨǰƣм۸ǵͷ
м͹ˣиû´ҲѾˡ
ʱ޷ҪմմʹеĹ⣬˳
ȴ˵ؤȻҲϴիĴ룿
Щռͷ˴ô
ȥϵв鿴˭֪˵еؤǣȷõϴիĴ
ҲǳϣھдؤõϴիĴ
ԭЩؤҲʵԸߣΪϴիĴˡ
Щ붼ʮǮǵģȻؤҲ׸´ɵĺòͷ
̯ǮһĴѵãԼȫǵؤˡ
ؤЩ͵ļͥԼǣҲˣ
ʱϢ
˵ϴիȷдʹ
ǹеĹãǸõģ
ЩϢЩϴի˲û
Ĳͷûմϣ¾ȴһĴ
ģЩһ벻Ǯȴǻ˴Ǯ˼ң
Щ࣬ⷬôܹ˽ܣ
ƢģֱӲ˽ϴիĴ˻ȥϴիſ˸顣
˻
Ҽ˵ˣҼҸ䲻ʲôʳĸ˼ңҲʲôؤһҼϹäǮ͵Ǹˣ
ĶƺǸƿ˼һʾ
ţнӶ˽˵ϴիſ飬ͬĻ
һãʮʮ±˲ֹסˡ
һյĹϴիƣ͡ؤ䡱˵Ⱥš
ԭ΢ЩůʱһǧɣҲûһ˿ϣ
ϾѰ˼ҶԸؤһͬһִοǹеĹǣ
ϴիǳˣ
ʱܴףԼǰЩеĲΪˣ
ҪܼҵĳʱܴҲֹԤУֻܼ΢ᣬûֹг˳ȥ
û˳⣬ϴիҲûκϣܼҲˡ
ϴիûмֵ꣬һιš
ܼһνеƳۣһΣҵıǴ⡣
Щ־磬˶ܿϴի˭˭ù
ϴի֮£Ȼһ˸ǰ̡
ܼҲ֪ϴիÿһգ۸һ֡
ֻܼܺݺģֿԼҤֽֿ۸ѹһɣֻܹ֡
һΣ˿ܼҵһֲҵˡ
˶еģһΣܼҵĴˣ顣


85 
ϴμܼ˵ʱ, ԰ӻûпʼӪҵܼһ¥
һΣȻֱӽԼԼĵ, ̸ʱ, ˳㻹ӲһԼĲҵ, һԼµĽɽ
Ȼ, ˼صĲͬ, κ͹̸Ҳͬ
ܴԼ, һλһĪԼʮµӡ
ͬϴիֶ, ȻҲѾܼ˵ϣȻҲ֪˵ݡ
ܼҼλү, ܼڵĵˣ
Ҳ˳˴˶ǳ, ȫû˲²ţˮݵա
԰ӽձݵĽĿǶԿ, ̨, ˵һȤĵط̨µĿҲΪӵķЦ
¥İ, Ҳ˵Цݡ
ܼӽŵʱǡñ㿴һ赭Цĳ
ˣɡ
, ΢΢Լλ̧̧, Žߴ̨Ų, ǰӡ
, 򰲡
΢΢һ֮󣬲˳Ź˼
֮, ûп˵ڹ۲ܼҺӣص˸ͷˡ
ǰ˺ᡣ
رǶٵ˵ԵùΪᡣ
˽⣬СǸӻҪСϼ¡
ȻһˣȴܼҳôһһͿء
񼸺ûʲôΣҲ˿ûж󷽷۲ţ
ܼڿʲô
̧̧֣վڹİ״ǰһܼλӵһ衣
Ҳһɹˣں£Ҳڶ˿еİ

꣬ȻСëꡣû˿Σͬ󷽵ظ˻ش
봫еĲ̫һ
ϾУ鲻һǴƢ꣬Ǹ͵ӵܡ
ϴիܣ浽йļڣܿ϶
ڹֳȣԶӵеġ
鲻ÿɷоӶһȻǴеǸˣ
ܼ뱾еģҲ̫һ
ǰûмȴܼҵλүӴ
ܼҵĶүïȻƽӹȴϲΣ¹ͷβҲƺ̳ϣһ
ïԶǱܶЩȻͬǿ֪һЩʵʵĻ룬һ̤ʵˣСд
ܼϴïܵλ֮Ϊһжȣı㣬躹ޣطâ
ֻϧۣܳǸӣܼ΢ᣬû˵ء
ܶģܴڿʱǻһ˿ʡ
Ʃ˵ڣʹܴ󣬿Ҳ˵⡣
Ȼȴͬ
ԹʱΪƽƽ˲ܼܵԪƵġ
΢΢񣬱˹Ϊλ˵ЦЦ
٣˵ǧͨ͸ȴ𡣡
۸սҲá
ϴիҲա
һһ˵ܼҼλүľҲͷӦ˵ġ
һţˣҰܹ鳡ͬԹˡ
෴
Щл顣
ܼľ黹ԸܼʣĲҵѪ޹飬һ

˲΢΢˶٣̧ۿһϳһ˿ź
Щϧܼͬˡ
һ𣬿ƮƮ֣ȴٿ
ǰʧ֮¹ڳĳɹʿǣЪ˹ģ
Ҳвɱճ
ģʵΪ
Щ˵У඼侲ݷѡʵʱɽ
Թһź治ǳϵĿ׻
΢΢֣ǽ˹һͣͬʱ룺
ǵ¿ϧԺ󻹼֮ʱ顣
ܼȻ֪ỹۣȻҲܼҶ۵Ĳ֮۸ףһ˵
һ˵Ǯ̱㾯ʾ͹ͣźź⡣
˾飬Ȼ΢΢ЩźҲܿʰ飬ʵ
ȻѾᵽּۻۣȻֱӽ˽׵⡣
ʱӿ˵˹黹ʱ׺ݡ
ٵʱŷ֣ӿתЩԶֱʱ
ֻϴի״ϴիҤڹ˵Լϴիڵ̶ȵȵȷȫλ˵ܼڶ۵Ĳ
ܼԭѾѹһɼ۸Ļϣѹɡ
ȻҪȴԼֱ޲ء
ôһ˲䣬ù˽ϴի״
˫һ£Զʮļ۸һʽס
ʮſﵽ˰֮ǰܼȥĳһ롣
ˣܼѾһУֻʣʮ
ⶨ
Լ˫ǩ֮ʱ΢΢˶٣̧ۿ˹飺
¡
ţ
ʮ۸⣬ȻҲͶ˼ġ
ε£ɵһֲ߻İɣ
ܼΪأ
Ȼûи϶Ļش𣬵ʵѾ˴𰸡
ڼ֮ǰǴӸܼеˣΪܼҵܣΪ¡
Ӧ´õһĻš
ڣ˹飬˶ݵĽӴ֮ȴ֪
ûʲôĻţܾҲûйĲ֡
ǿϣһ
ǿš̲סŷ׷档
ϣǡֳ⼸㡣
µͷĿϵԼϡ
Σûͣ٣ֱ̧ʣдԼ֣óܼԼԼ˽ӡ˶ؽӡ¸ԼԱߡ
̣Ļ֣ء
һ֮ǰһԼЩ
ܼԼԼ뱲ӵŬҲֻʣһֽˡ
״Ҳûдţ΢΢̧̧֣
ʮλȵɡ
黰䣬ǰеһзŵܴǰ
򵥵һȴܴжһ˿Ȼ
ûκζֱӽбǣ˵ʲô
˵ⳡ̸֮ǰ֪ĳɽۻǶʮ
һƿ
ȻҲһ㣬ͻȻ뵽һԣͷĪЩ
ЩؤеĴ롭
ȻҲϴի˲ٴ
ȻѾ³ˣҲʲôıҪֱӳˡ
Ϊʲô̶Ƭ̹˻Ƶزӡ
˶ܿؤеĴ룬ǶϴիĳһصϴիһܣһͿء
۸սˣԽܣϴիˣïȻ̫ᣬȻӮĹ
⣬ڣܼ¹ͬľ·ߴˣҲԼѡġ
Դϴի¿ҵ֮ΪȻ֮ѾԹϴիҲûȥǹȻӰ֡
ΪʲôҪϾɱ
ȹشվڽֹʲôƵģ΢΢˶
ǰһ΢΢鹰˹֣
үˡ
ԣüͷ΢
֪¾ߵļĴʽģںеĴܡ
ֹ˵Ȼ޵ķʸ
һ¥ˣ
ӦڲԶֹ΢΢˵ͷ⿴һۡ
һۣˡ
¾ӦþڰⲻԶĵطûţǴ̸¡
ԼѾǩˣȻ¾õȣֱӴλվ΢΢˵ͷ
Ѿѣܼͣ԰ӴȣЩ£㲻ˡ
˵ֹ꣬Ͱȥ
Ŵ֮ʱŲ˶٣һûͷûβĻ

˵󣬱ֱ뿪˷䣬Ѿ¾Ӱˡ
ĿŹıӰߵⲻԶһȣվһˡ
ȻĲУӸոֹĻԼֹͰĶҲܲ²ӦǴе¡
Ȼ鲻֪˵ʲôȻЦЦ֣ͷ££ϵĴ멡
ʹҲԼо֮ǵķΧԼ¶Թ谮
ʱףȥʱ˵Ǿ仰ǿԼݣڻشһ⡪
䲻ߣÿȴơ
ĻһǼҲᣬһ˼ҡ
Դӵһλ̡
ʱǶԹ鳹׷ˣ
ֵ£ԼļӲܼҲ
ܼǲˣǲ֪ӵ»ܳŵʲôʱ
뵽׮ǴӼһִٳɡ
һϷ飬֪ȵպ󣬴֮估£Ƿڣ
ܼǸѾ޽ӸŮ
ǿԣ㽫˽ӳǲУҲֻܷ
ڵܼȻǧٿףһ㲨ˡ


86 
鲢֪, ̶Ƭ̹ܼҼӹ˶뷨
ڵ˼ͻȻ¾ϣ
үôˣ
ǡôӱǱߵî˵, ˳·
澪ϲģ, ¾Щ
¾ѡ˳Լе뷨, Դ, ££΢ЩҵĴ멡
Ŷ~ԭֻ˳·~
鿴¾, Ц⡣
ӱ, ¾Ҫȥлǻ, ˳·԰
һ۱ܿ¾רСһ¡
ô̸˳𣿡
¾ֻûĵ٩, ɫδ䡣
ⷬӦùоЩȤ
ҪǻǰոճǻֻС¹ĶָΪ˻Զһ¡
, 治ɫĲˡ
ʵʵػش¾⣺
ͦ˳ģɽۺһ, ʮ
еǮô¾Դ˲⡣
, ⼸ղ¥ȻǱⶼر¸Ȼӡ
Ҳ˵ͷ
ǰòŻʮܼҵĳ⡣
Ҫǲ¥Ȼûҵ, һʱ仹òʮ
Ȼȹеĸܻӭ
˵¸ǱߣҲȹƻеĸ˳
ǰ컹λ, ֱӰ˺ڿԱ, һˡ
뵽, һ˫۾ֱ״
, ˵˶ãүÿأ
˵˵Ļɷָܵ衣
¾û˿, ˳ŹĻ˵ͷ
ãʱֱַԡ
վ
Զֹǿʼ۹۱Ǳǹģ
ʣʾүڳԵĺܿģ
Ц¾˫۷·װǣ
үջǵһ԰Ӱɣһ䣿
á
ڹ飬¾Ȼܾ
󣬹¾ȥԼµĽɽԣԼĲҵ
԰еһжɹɡ
ȻΪæûԼ๤Ҳܶеһ䡣
¾ڹȻû˵ԼҲܿڹĻú档
ڹ԰й䣬ûκڣ԰еĲٿ˶ˡ
ԭѾƽϢһ֮ʱϵζ档
ʱ򣬹Ѿ¾ߵ˲¥ε
һ¥ң¾˶¥˵
ʱǡ˵˵ʱΣ¾һЩǡҲԿһ˵ҵˮƽ
˵ģǡǽΪеġһࡷ
ֻһڲˮ֮󣬱һ¾ľ
һ˵ջȳ²ΪԼ֮£Ǳ˵¶ĥһδƽһ𣡡
һ˵Ҫԭλϣ̬ɫеϵıʱ
ѵƿ֮»ˣ
뵽˲ͦͦ˳ʽ״̬
ǡʱ˵Ѿʼ˵˺
ԼӳΪֹµΪ󵨵¡
ʹؼҵ·ʱڸĸʵ֮ʱ
ɿֹ
ںؼ˶Ժģڵ֪Ѿ屨֮󣬲ûԵ
ؼҵӱƽ
ΪѾͯԣΪӣεĲϱǰһЩ
̰ԣȻǽЩζ˺
εˣũʱȻҲЩ׻ǱؼҸĸ
ںͺͬһϵƣֱ˹ȥ
ؼҸĸȻЩԣԼ۰СӣǱŪ˹ȥ
Ӿһһȥܿ죬㵽ͯԵǰһ졣
ƿںؼһŶûг˼ҿ£ؼҸĸҲ룬ȫҳͺȥϡ
Ǻ˼տ˳ڶũ
ؼҵһţֱӰѺˡ
ڼУҪũҪȥμӿƿ
ֱؼ˳ţҲûҵһʵİ취
ںżת֪Ǻõʱ򣬺ѧеķȴͻȻš
ԭѾ֪˺ѧʲԼдڻԵɺ֪֮˺ִ֮ˡ
ν³οҲǼѾʮѧҲٵһᡣ
Ǻлȴ֪ΪԼ㵱ȫȻ֪¡
ϾԼ֪ȡ֮ˣȰҲá
ںȻѾΪԼ˵е׻һڡ
οͬʱҲ֪Ѵ
ֱúֻȥؼҵũæ
û뵽Ȼķ·ת֮£æͬӵл֮ںؼ֮ȥ˿
ȥϺ󣬺˵ڶ
⣺
ҪںؼҸĸƤӵ½뿼
ſһʱԽԽ٣ؼҸĸվڿûκ뿪ļ
һҧһѡ
ɿȥԶĲ÷̣ԼЩĻһ׹·Ȼһ֧ӡ
Լһ£ֱŶ볡ѧ֮С
֮У඼ɤ۵λãźؼҷ޿λãͣűֺҪӦԡ
úû뵽Ȼ˳شӺؼϵƤӵ˹ȥ
ںܼʱ򣬺ظڿϵ·ͷ֮󣬻Ǵͷ
ϾǮжǶ֪ģȫ˼һҲû£Ǯðµͷ
ҺСûϹѧãôμӿƾٿԣ
ҲÿؼҶϺٽУŻںһͷ֮󣬱ȫȻϲˡ
ľ˳˿

ȻǺ¶ĥһۣ
˳·뿼֮󣬲νļ˲ɣ̬ɵɻαϡ
׼ڡ
Ƿ˳ͨԣ
иĸǷ˶ߣ
ͨ˿ԽĸҪӦԣ

ž
ʱ򣬱һľ죬Ȼ˵һϤģ
˵Ԥ֪Σ»طֽ⣡
ûˣ
ûˣ
˵˶ã
ͬʱһȾ̨׿˹ȥȴȼ
˵ûǰһζ
ʶһ㣬
ɳһ˿ʧ飺
ôЩȥˣѾ֪˹԰˵Ĺء
һ˵һΣӳӳ
Ǻܿ죬˱ʰ飺
һࡷȻˣһλ˵ġ񲶡ҲΪʡ
ͬ˵ȾҲΪλ
ǡҪ˵һǡоͷʬ˿Ѱס˭ˣ
£Ҳв˽۹˵硣˵ʲôĶС
˭ҲԸ˭Լý֮󣬲´˱¶Ե˺Ȳ衣
ţ˵ϱ³ڴ顣
ʱĹ飬Ѵ¾¥
¥ľʲͬ¥ʱĵģûʲô˵
ʹУҲֻǵϸ
¥߶ˣҲСģעŲҪʲôе졣
λϵĿˣһܳе鼮࣬ûһ˿и


87 
ԭ뵽¥Ҳһ, һλѧʱ顣
ڷŨѧϰΧ󣬱ͷֻ¾Թ۲Ƭ, תȥˡ
ڼûоڵκˡ
ǲʲô, ̧
Ҳֻ˹һȥıӰ, ֵͷܳĶ
û뵽, רſٳһƬ
¥֮, ¾Żڡ
¾ʶ, һĿԺǿˡ
ڹ԰һսĵط, רſٳһµĵطȫǹķ
΢΢ЦЦ, 󷽵صͷϣ
ʼʵרΪ˺ѧӶ׼
ʼ鿪ٳ¥Ϊѧǣѧϰ֮ء
൱ںǽᡣ
ѹ¥ż, Ҳ뵽ЩѧɬΪ俪֮š
뵽, 鲻ɵпһ䣺
Ĳˡ
⻰˼, ǶĽ⣿
¾΢Щ⣬Ҫ֪ЩѧӵĴ, ù԰ÿ˲롣
Ȼģ΢΢̧¾һ, ձδ, үѧеȴ˲, үΪΪΣ
ΪΣ
Ȼ԰¥ͼĹ͡
ԴȻ¿ҵ֮, ˭֪Ϊε¥԰Լ¸Ĳҵ
ѧ¥Ľ˴ĶݣɲǶж£
˭ȥ˵Ĳǣ
¥Ľôˡ
պձ֮ʱ, 
ĴڣҪҲࡣ
һٳԱԺûóԣһٳ԰˷ֱԺٶٳԱˣ黹ǻġ
΢΢ЦЦֽһ䣺
ˣĪ
ЩѧУֻ֮Ҫһ˻ܼǵĶݣǹĳɹ
Ī¾ظŹ˵仰ϸϸ˼ţͨ͸
Ȼ
¾Ŀ佱ȻǺ£¾һԴһ˿Nɪı顣
ӹ԰г֮󣬹ִ¾ȥȻһˡ
ʹ¿ʼҵѾ࣬ȻӴʱͥС
ġġƲģǽһﲻ
Ϊ˱ɧңҲֻȻͣƬ̣΢΢۲һ󣬱뿪ˡ
¸ǱߣΪŮԻڵĿ˶Ů
ҵǶʱ䣬п˴Сһͬڡ
𽥲󣬼еĹŮǶǳĬظΪѾһȥˡ
¸УϷ̨ϱݣԼ¥λ˵⣬Ҳڶˡ
ҦӵĻ㱨Ѿѡ˳ȡ֮ڣ㽫Լ˵ҲŮӡ
¾һȫǴˣȥӲҲʣɴա
Կ쵽ŵʱˣһ˸ɴֱӴظ
ϴիԼܼҵҤ֮󣬹һæµ
ͳⲻͬϴիڻѾˣҲ졣
ϴիŵ϶Ҫرյġ
ϴիϴҤȴǿԼʹá
ɲɣϴҤȻҤľ벢Զ
ȻҤͬΪ
ԼȫԣϴҤͬһƬׯׯ԰Ȼ󣬵ȴԸ˿̽Ŀ⡣
Ҳ֪Ƭׯ԰ԼׯҲܼ˵Ҥһ֣һ˹顣
ԭճ֮ȻҤӦýղմɵҤֿ
ȴһֱûҵʵĵطµҤֻȽš
ҲȻҤڲϵ͵Ҫԭ֮һ
ڶһϴҤ˵ֱӽһ⡣
ȥʵؿ֮󣬹ܸɴؽȻҤմķ֧˹
ֱӽϴҤΪȻרȻմá
ϴҤԭЩҲûǿ󣬸ԼѡĻᡣ
Ը±£ԸҲֱȥ
ܼҵĸѾµȫͨĹ
ЩܶΪѹɱ˿ǹǮʱ򣬱ܼҺϴիûʲô֡
֪ȻҤеĴԼݶƶ֮󣬼Ҳûѡ
ԭȻҤǳΪȻһרƲ
Ȼȷ֮ȻҤٶȱ࣬ⲣĲֱӷһ
һ˵ģЩȻж˲Ŀͻǡ
ԭΪҪһºòõԼƵƷû뵽һ±ǰôࡣ
ϴի֮󣬵Ҫʲôһʱûá
Ҳٽ꣬ݵ̵ĹҲʼϢˣҲûżһʱƬ̡
Щ֮⣬ڹ˵ڻһ˵¡
ǱƬ˵Сڿ¹ˣ
Ų˵һƬ͵СˣƼΪϲ
ģνüЦ
ô죬ûйÿôչˡ
˵ֱӻ˻֣
ʣȥҽձҪϣ
˵Сʵûȫɣڳɳڡ
ֻģѾӽ죬ҪĹ򣬱ȫڡ
Ӧʱ򣬻вٲũС˳ڵģʱ򣬱ֱո
ΪڵС˽ۣڸиãˮָ㡣
ʵϲȫڵ߲ˡ
йĻ˵ڵ߲˶δ˳򹤡
ͯгϸ
Ӧģδ߲ܺó
ڣѾϹµĹѾ˲ʲôͯͯˡ
ֻ֪Щ͵˿¹ȴܳԣܱ
ʵܹȲֱǰСˣһԵСˣȥ
ԺĲů˵ĳɹùʱϣ
ҲûֱֹȥȻһˣĲ
磬һСԺӣ׼ٽů
뾩жպ䣬ⲣůͬҪů̵ԼȲ£һһϦɡ
ڲůú߲˲ֵ죬ҲҪһʱȴ
ʹżҲֻӵȴ
ڴ֮ǰԺĲůЩ޵߲ˣԵΪ
Ѿ΢Է⽨ϤĹȴҲ֪Ҫһݵġ
ڲ˵͵С˳죬ֱۣԸʽ˵еС˰γһװã׼ʹ
Щ˱°ɡ
¾Ҳ˹еĲᣬһѾյһĲ˵أ΢΢򴽡
УҲҡҡͷҪһȥġ
Ͽûв͸ǽе˲˵黹׼ȵպˣҵķóأ
ʱ֪ˣ˲²⣬룿
Ҫ֪ǧ̻֮Ѩ
òײŽĺøжˢزΪһС覴ãòʧ
¾˵ʲôּһ䣺
ѾժˣžҲʣƫԺµĲůҲѾãձµȥʣЩԵµһ졣
¾Ҳֻ֪Ǽùίģ
Ȱ˵Ҳ֪˵е
С˼ȻѾժΪʣȻǵá
¾ڹĴߴУһС˽˹


88 
ʹ˭֪, ¿ǻǰĴˡ
ÿ¼֮󣬻ϱĴá
ԼʹڻѾ鷿ˣڿ¾ĵ֮, µ˻ٶͨ˴¡
˵Ҳɡ
»ǡ԰еĲй䡣
ͬůԼͬ, Ҫľ
ֻҪ԰һƬյر, ⲣ, Ҳλʹ깤Ľ
¾, ʵҲ˽¾԰
ǰͨĹ˺󣬻ʵⲣлⲽ, ƱԹؿڣ
˵û¾Ϲʲô
ҲҪͬ׽ء
ôʵеćNɪȻǼŻĻ˵
ϵıȻ˲٣͸Цݡ
Ϊ˶ԼΪʵ۵, ȴһҲԣֱһ
ͬ׽Ҫ˵ֵĳʲôɣ
䣬Щ߷߲ƽ
û, Ҫ˵һʼʵ۱ְֽۣ֮¾ÿνƷʱ, еһ䡰
˺, , ʵҲعζ
ȵӦ֮, ȥһ¾ÿιʱ˵ϸڡ
ᷢ, 䲻ı
Ҫǡ˵ҪǡΪ, ǡ֮󡱡
ſڱտڲģûʵ᲻ѡ
Ȼֻʵ۱ԹҲͰ, ǲܸһԹģֻ赭дתص㣺
ʹʵҲŻϵġ
Ҳǣ뵽ʵ۵ɫ
ǺÿЩһ˿ڴ˵Щʲô
⻰ɾΪˡ
ϾĳЩ˵·룬ҲҲһܹ³Ȼġ
ԨҲһҪ𰸡
˵⻰ҪҫһԼ޴ŵϲðˡ
ʱ¾Ҳڹ˵˲С
밲
ˣûˣʲô񣡡
¾û˵꣬Ԩӻִ¾Ķ
ޣʲôô
˵䣬Ԩһֱ¾ϵǸƮ
ЩƮѩΪ˱С˵ĸɾʣ¾֮ǰרŷԸˣڲһһ·ѩ
Ҳ֪ôģֱһСĲֱӽӸһʵʵ
ϲ֮󣬲ӵģʵÿܵѩҲûû
ǿ¾Ҳû
ԨĻ¾һӽ滹һĶ˸ʵʵ
ĳԨԲĶһ˿档
¾Ǹӵģֱӻش˻ʵ۵⣺
ظʣЩһЩ߲ˣճ죬öҲһЩ
Ŷǲ˰
¾ĲװŵǲˣԨһ˿ʧ
ҲѹԨʧˣĶȻɫ߲ˣܲһ״߲ȴ
ԭӱڵʵʵģԨΪʲô
ܿ죬Ԩʰ顣
ȻֻһЩ߲ˣԨרΪ˽һ
ҲǷТˡ
ԨſڷԵر¾ʱ򣬱¾뵽ʲôƵģƿ˸ڲǿ
ȻҲȱСˣ
Ŀⴥ͵СʱԨԭִһ˿ĵ˲˱仯
ȷǲԼۻƵģæӵķ˴ա
ܲȸ״߲ϡƽûɫĴҶСˣԨҲδ
ע⵽ʵ۵Ķ¾ĬĬӷŵԨֿɼĵطͬʱͣ
ţϲˣ붬󲻵ãʳһֱ㣬뷨ڸһЩ
ŽߵĲӣԨȷԼˣָ
δôС˵ĲҶϱ㱻һۼԼԼһЩ֭ˮ
ĵȷȷǸոճ죬ʵС߲ˣ
¾Ľͣ׷ʣ
ֳģ
Ԩǻ֮ʱѹλʮ꣬١
佥̫ҽҲʱעʳ嵭ش䡣
ﻹã˶߹𽥽ٺԨҲܸоԼʱżв
̫ҽ֪Ҳ˵Ϊʳ˵ԭ
¾˵а취ֲô᲻ż
ظʵĻڲֲ߲˵ġ
Ԩˣ¾Ҳûֱӽֲ߲˵ķ˵˳
ԨǰĲЩ⡣
ǣ˵һﲻܳ죬Ϊչں䣬˶ˡڲϵů̵󣬲죬߲ҲӦԳɻ㳢һû뵽ĸ˳
ڲůֲ߲ˣȻ򵥡
ů
е¶ȡʪԼͨ磬Ҫע⡣
˵ͬʱ¾ӶͳһֽʸԨ
棬ǹдµڲֲ߲˵ע
дʱ¾ʹ飬עд൱ڽůֲ͸˸ʣôˬ죿
Ҳû˰֣
ⷨ׬Ǯ˸ԣļͥ˭ŪҪڲůֲ߲ˣҪҪвů뽨ůȻ򣿡
һϸˣѾ뵽󻯵ķ
ůķܽˣ˼Ǯģȥ˻Ҫۺ񣬼ֱǵòʧ
ʱ򻹲罫ӽʣˢһøжȡ
ֻҪʹпʼˣЩϢͨĳȻ׷Ч£Ҫȥƹ㡣
֮⣬ⲣůҪĻⲣϣЩĴǣڷһ֮󣬻ῴⷨǳ˭֣֮
ʱǵĺøжҲˣҲȥˣһ˫ĺ£
ʹ¾֪㷽Զǳܼһ̣ͨҲɸеʮ־̾
¾Ȼչ˼ֱⷨ͸˻ϡ
Ͽֽϼעǵһ˿鷳Ϊ˼
ͷֿ˿͵Сˣ϶ʱô԰ĲУڷŵЩѵõǲ˳
ҲûΡ
ֱӷԸⲣůеĻݲݸȥ˳㽫еעŵУԸձ㰴ķӣ˸ϣ
ȻѾ˹ʰⲣԨ¾ȻҲⲣ
һֱͣ
Ԩɴ¾ԼƵԼ޹ȥ
¾רͽСˣȻ˸ȥ鷿
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ע⵽¾ԨҲ֪Լ˾ЩʣȴֱҲ׳طʣ
ô˲Ƿ͸޵ô
Ȼ͸ģ͵ԼСȥδ֮У
ȷ͸ʵġ
¾ȻԼƺЩص˳Żʵ۵Ļ˵ͷ
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һЩΣûʲôֵ£֮ദεл
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Ȼǻҳ˵ļױҲϡ棬¾΢΢˵ͷ
¥ޡ
ʵüͷ΢΢𣬼ѯʣ
ǹ԰е˵Ҳˣ
š
Ǽ˵Ȼ͹ģ֪Ҫ֮Ҳ㽫͸˹顣
Ǽ˵ȷǹˡ
õ϶Ĵ𰸣ʵ۵һ˿Ц⣬ؿ
Ȼˣ棬ӦǼӺڰɣ
ţ
¾ƺЩ׻ʵʲôˣΪ˲²⣬־ƺЩܡ
Ȼ̬ȣȴ˻ʵ۵ĵѵ⣺
ʲôţоУûоûУ˵ʲôʱѧôģˣ
С
᲻ص
һ¾δ䣬Ҳ˻ʵ۴𰸡
ʵ۵̬ⷬȣ¾еǷ²
⡭Ҳ԰˵ЩӰɣ
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ȻУظ󣬼ǵǡһࡷĻӺڣһݹ
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һʼʵǴӳǵУ˵ˡһࡷ֣䣬ЩȤ
ʱ͸¶Щڣܿ㲻˻ʵĵڴˡ
ʵ۸ɴֱӲȥ԰֮
԰ӿΪˣҲס˵һֶΡ
ÿһ飬԰ÿձֻ˵һأÿζͣΪʵĲ֡
ɾͿ˻ˣÿζΪôһèץƵֱ
ڹ԰Ǳ߸˵˳ͨԣֱ˰
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ڷŰ֮ʱؼ˵Ҳ˺Ǹͺ֣ͬȴû롣
ϾںؼУǸĿʶĴˡ
Ψһ֪ѧʵĺ壬ͬû룬ϾںУûвμӿƿ
ؼұƽһʱ䣬ӷ·ֻص˺ƿ֮ǰģ
ѧڼũ˳
Ͼʱϣ͵͵鸴ϰ
ҲͬĵطǱһΣĵطʱҪԼһϹĥǿȥѧ̡
ʱһȥ븮ԵʱҲԽԽ
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һ⣺
ںؼϵƤӵ£õԼĻȻȥμӸԣ
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˺޲ֱӳȥ˵ץסһٺô
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ʵȻҲ̲סġ
򲻻һ뵽԰ĲҵĶӣ˼
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Ҫ֪
ô֪
һ㣬ʵЩŵġ
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Ҫǻɡһ˵¾һ˿Ȥ
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ȷ֪
⻹Ҫ鹦¾鹲һ鷿
ڹ԰Լ¸˵Ļӣɹָ˵дġ
ʱָ֮ʱ¾Ҳ˼䣬ڸµԼ֣һµ˽⡣
֪ʵ۸Ȥ¾Ҳ룬˵˽֣
Ǻڿƿȡ˲ƵĳɼԪܻʶֱƽƣΪһ࣬ʷ
ԭʵۻھ̾¾Ȼ֪⻰ӵĽ֣еڴֱֵӱߡ
׼úһ澫ʷ׳ʣľ
˭֪¾ĻĹ͸˵ˣʱЩ£
ûˣ
¾һ£ô˵˵ģƶĵ˵ͷ
ûˡ
ʵĶԼӷˡ
һͯ˵˵˰࣬ľ˵һ**
ͯԵ࣬ԼĶһ仰͸ˣ
ԨȻδЩʲôˬģӡһࡷ֣Ҳܲ³һֽ
֪ǺĽ
ǺڳΪһ֮ǰЩ£νģ
¾һƶȫ֪ԼĶģ
ʵŭЦǧֻһ仰
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¾Ȼ֪Ϊʲôǰһ̻ĵúúõ, һ̸ʱԼ
Ҳջʵ۵˼ĸˡ
ظ֮󣬹ʼõС֮ķӦʱ, ¾ȻҲû˿
һʼ黹, 治֪Ϊ, Щˡ
, бһ⡱, ϵıʱ˲٣ʱǷʲôүͬ˵˵
δͬϼ, Ϊ˽⡣
ϲŭ޳Ԩûë
ԹŻ¾˵Ԩʱӡ
, ¾ҲҺֱӽʱͬһ顣
ԭףҲ԰ӵġһࡷʱ, ԷЩ
Ȼ¾ͬ˵һһʱ侹Ȼ֪ηӦ
Ȼ󸸻ʱҹˡ
¾ͬʱֽʱĻһ, ûûʵĵطĶ
¾ãȻɤ, ̲ס, ֱЦ
͡
¾, ں, ¾˿еĸֱˡ
˿顣
ڣѻ, ֪Ϊʲô
֪ԭ򣬹Ҳ׷
Ҳܹ⵽ϵʱ飬ζߡ
Цʲô
¾Щɻ, ոӦû˵ʲôЦ°ɣ
ûʲôһúһ¡һࡷĺռǵø͹ȥ
˰֣ɴһ˿Ц⡣
Ѿ֪ˡ
ȻѾ֪ˣӦǲҪ˰ɣ
鴽΢΢Щ
¾Ӧǲ֪ʵ۱͸֮Ƶģɴ໻һ˵
֣ӦöԺƿгΪһ֮ǰ£ӸȤһЩ

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Ȼ¾ıԿɲ̫Ϊʲôϻ֪̣ôҲȸոһЩ
ԭ黹룬ԼЩҸеճСѾһ飬Ҳ벻ʲôˡ
ӦҸʲôµͷȥʵǰQ
ϾøжȻѾʼˢˣȻҪһֱˢȥġ
;ͻȻˢˣ˭ֵ֪᲻Īͣ
Ҳ׷һࡷ֮󣬹ðࡣ
ⲻֳɵ
磬˵һࡷĵһ ˳¾ 
ûǵһ  
¾õʱ΢һֱۣʣ
ƺҲȫ
ϾһࡷĽǺΪһ࣬ʷ
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Ǳµľȷģľá
һΣ¾Ҳչ˼
¾˵˵Ҳ׼ˣ
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ողŰѸڽڸǰ˵ЩûǸԳԼТ˳
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еҲֲ˵١
ӶԴ˿νܳ㲢ϲţ裬ɻǽŽУ
֮󣬲佱
ţȷóԣ
ϲã²һһ˱㣬˵λ´Ĳʽ
΢΢ЦЦеĶִͣһԸӼһ㡣
ͬʱվһԵС̫һɫʾһЩϵ˼еϵС
Сֵ̫̳ͽܣҲǸģҲֱǰɿظϲŲˡ
Լеˣϵɫںÿ˲١
״лһ
ԭΪһʳలµؽ˭֪󣬰˴ٷĴֿʼԼ뷨ˣ
ձȳԵЩ࣬һ˾ɡ
˻һڲ˵С̫еĶһ˲ͣ١
С˲֮࣬ǵҲ͹һʳõķ
Ǵˣϱûˡ
ô
㿪ʼԺѰ˵ǣͼһΣյ뷨
ȻɣɱֱԼ֣ǵ˾˹
ԭǼһֱûжΪˣЩˡ
ԴҲ˿⣬Ͼźһ
ʳ˵ȥ١
㶯ɻ߲չԼƽ⣺
ҲЩˣ뱾ҲԶ㲻ͷˡ
״æҪֹ
£
էȻĽкеĶ˶٣ϲɳһ˿ɻ
ʲô
ûʲô
˭ȴֱҡҡͷ
ԭոտڵʱ򣬴ӱѾ׷ŵԼС
ϲܳԴʣµĲʳȻҲֻôʳá
Ҳû룬ֱӼеĶ
˿ûз֣˾ֵʱ򣬻ϵɫѾޱȣһ֪ڴڱıء
ʱѾкڣԼոΪʲôһҪ˼ŴӵӣԼţ
һҲͰˣТӻһֱСˣ
ھһ˾ҲûӹФħצ
ȵӽ˾꣬ӹһ̫ݹľ˲֣׼˵Щʲôʱ
ϵĶͷ̲ס˴һǰò͸µĻ
㡢ޡ


90 
˵˻, ĻҲֱӸϵ˴Ӹϡ
֮ڲˮȣѯʴڻʹϸڡ
ڴӻЩȦ״̬
ǰһ̻ڳЦ˸ʣ˭֪Ҳײǹϣ
ڼĻ, ȻҲ㽫ոշͬĻһ顣
ĻԴһ˿ί˵ʲôҸհ˾׼˵, ʾͺҹʱ
ֻõԼĶǡ顱ֱ
ǰ֪Լֲ, û뵽, Ȼܹ޴ز
ɻһãȻ, ֪ԼĶ˵ģĻҧҧ
֪ʲôʱô
Ӳ֪ĻΪʲôʳ, Ҳ˴𰸣
֪ģչ󺮲á
ǴСôĻҧ, ʡ
ʱҸС࡭
Ҫ룬ͬûйӱ˴𰸡
û˵, ӱʶʲôطԡ
԰ʱСˣ
ڻʹԵС, Ǵģ
֪Ϊ˰ɣ
ӲԼһĸֵͬ, ĻڼֱŤͷߣ
˻Ļ֪ġ
ӺŽ˻ʹ, ˵ҪŻһͬ, ĻҲ֪ġ
Ļԭ, һţҲʲô©, ҲûиŴһͬ빬
˭֪һ֮ھ鷳
ΪеЩʱͶмӡ
Ļ֪Щطв, Ψװ֪úõ͵£й
޹
ڣӸ޹Ҳ
Ӧô죿ЩСȥ
ҲЩˣŸոʱ֡
֪ΪʲôĵźˣǲСˣ
ʱȴĵϲøۣȫûᵽ˾֮µ㺬壡
ʱˣֻȥĶСˣ
Сô׵ãֺαش󶯸λ
Сˡ
ӻû˵꣬뵽ʲôֱ
֮ǰŸոմӹ뿪ȥʱһӡ
֪ʵСˣȥġ
˵ĵãʼҵӺôܹһá

Ӷʱûκΰ취ֳֻܱĬ
ΪС˵³ͺͷǱҲͬ¡
ǹ飬ֵµ˻㱨ҲЩԡ
ڻʼңǳӣûɫزҲʵ
ţ鲻ɿڲԶ¾
ǰҲôô
ӹͣٱɿԭõһ硰޴ȣ׻ǹ˼Ŵ¾Ĵ磬ջһ΢ЩĴ
¾ͬôӽ¼ֱʧˮ׼ĬƬ̣Ǹۣ
СʱȻ㲻ϴϻۣҲ֮ˡ
¾ۣⷬǼΪпϡ
Сʱ˵ϴ
ֵ֮У书ӣ²ĻӣΪ˴ӣֻƽƽ
ֻȻ˵ϴҲ˵ж޴
ܹ¾ƽƽΪϣȡ֮λĻ֮һҲĹ֮

һǳӡ
й֮λգϲ޵ӣλӽΪ
֮ϣӿ˵ռ˱ˡ
ӵĸҲǹļס
λһƷԱ
ԶĲ˵˵ġ
֮ǰ׸ǳ
ȻƽӹЩ겻ԣҲͬǳеĶƷԱ
׷Ŵӵ೯继飬ǰľɲ
ΪĻˡ
λ֮Уѧϰ죬ѧߵģĻӡ
һ㣬¾ҲȲϡ
ĻΪһĸͬĵܵܣһֱھĸӡ
˵ǿôӣ˵ǴǿĻӸĴӡ
֮⣬һΪҪԭ
Ǳڵǻ֮ǰͬǼ֮УΪƽƽһϵģƫƫǸΪƽӹ֮ˡ
ٴ󳼶ΪӸԼƵĽǶ˵Ͽ¸׶ԴӲ顣
ڼ֮У϶ԴҲΪʺƺҲ˵һ㡣
ӣô¾һսʵ
ŽӵĽ棬Լմ£¾еġ֮ˡżĻ̬ȡ
ֻǹҲû˵ʲô
ϾΪ֣Խ޴˵Խ
Ȼʧȥ൱ĶֽĿУǶᴢ˭ʧ˭£Ҳһֲѡ
ΪС˻ϣղķҲһʱ䣬ǰ˲١
һּβ˵ĸо
ֹͣ˱Q˵һϢ

һƣܿ죬ڵĽŲҲٽ
еĽֵϣζҲԽԽŨԼС̯
¾Ǹںʽеˣ񣬲û̫Ĳ
ǽ꣬µ˶֪Ӧͬͬ
ϾڣǸӭһµӡ
ⲻûϦأ㿪ʼָڸ￪ʼ˴ɨ
ЩԾɵĵطҲָ£½˴ĥǲᡣ
𽥹˺껭ķΧһһεĸı֮УŨ
˼꣬Ѿϰ˹ǳһٽӵǣʱҲʼڴ
һת۵ĹʱȻ¶ʮˡ
Ĺأ¶ʮϣھƷϵĹԱҪ빬μӹᡣ
Ҳס
ʮҲǳϦҲҪͬ¾һԼλ밲
˵һܵõƬ̿С
չļƻһձһеӡ
Թһ֮󣬱ֱԼڽȷһձķˡ
ǡҲд⣬յİûоܾ
˱ֱԼڹһμСԺм档
СԺ֮󣬹΢΢۲һ£СԺϴʱ򣬲ûʲô
סСԺ
Ҳ֪ʴ˻ĺ壬ϳһ˿Цݣ
żǻѧʿסϰ徻ѧʿϵһЩ
ϴ¾ͬ´һһѧʿ
һ˻ȥ㷢֣ĶǸ˲СӰ졣
Ȼദʱͬܿ
֣ӦģǸϲʱһ˶ĵӡ
ҲĲڣҲûǿСԺӾס
ֻԼˣÿ³ʱظһˣžۡ
΢΢˵ͷʾ⣺
ѡԼϲķʽĸʡ
еĶ΢΢˶٣Ц΢΢һ֣
Ǹɡ
Ȼ֪Ϊʲô˵ֻ΢΢ЦЦûнӻ
룬ĸڣּҡ
ͬ㣬гڣȴһ˷ָģʹ¼˽Բ⣬Ҳٲûᱻڸ
㣬ֱԱʾԼϲõģʵ
֪ϰ˺֮УŮɶ˼롣
ԵĲ˵˵ڽܼѡμ̳˵Ŀʱδꡣ
ʮΪ˼Ҽ̳ˣʮȨĸֱӽ̯Ӷ˹һϣԼȥңˡ
ù鸸׵Ļ˵ֳܹɵģΪʲôҪĽԼŬ
Եס£ڹ˵ֱҪ̫ƽ
ҲǻӰ֮ˡ
ôҲܹ룬ձˡ
΢΢һùһּǣŵ˹ǰ
ձĵһ¾ȿʦ£ܹôŷͬʱҲٴձ
ʼ˵£ϵıҲ𽥱ͷּǡ
׸һ˵ˣ˵ڶȥøӣûе
˽ձġʮƾ٣ģ⡷֮󣬻ΪдһƪΪ
¡
ҪתɴҶܹöĴ׻ƪµıǳ̸ʮƾٱ仯ط򡷡
£ټ֮Ҫϸ룬Ҳ֪ձһ֮ھдӰ졣
֮⣬ְ԰飬¾۵ʲô
Ȼǹֵµ¥Ȼӡ
֮⣬ϴիԭܼҡ
ܼҽһֲҵ֮󣬱ֱȥ˴ӸҲ֪ܼͬ˵ʲô뿪ʱ˳㽫ԼǸӸ檵ŮҲ˳
һ˱ֱҹ˾ǣûһѶϢ
Ǹܼߵ檣ǹϴիЩǾаǽֵĻ⡣
ѯʹ飬֪ԸСңɾձ֮󣬱Щ¶ѡһЩҸȤģ׼ձ֮ϡ
ҪţǱӼˣǰЩӻϲŰ䲼µ
ժһֳɵ¡
֮⣬̸־
˵Ҳ¡
һһࡷʹþ˾׷̸ۣ
̸־һ㿯⡶һࡷ
˵˶٣Ĭ˺һ֮󣬲¿ڣ
¡
ţ̧
ʱ򣬲ŷϵƺЩԥƺһ˿
ڹɻΪλд˷Ӧʱ򣬱Դһ˿ɵ
֪¿֪⡶һࡷĺ


91 
֪Ҳ֪һࡷĺʱ, Ҳûȡ
Ȼ¾֮ʱɵƺѾЩ
ڹһ, Ÿ߰˶֮ˡ
ǡһࡷ, ںһЩѧвôС˵, , Ҳ˿Щѧ顣
ô, ôҲǻᱻһࡷģ
ֵĵȷȷ
ԴһЩģе뾪ȡ
侲, Ѱѯţ
еĻдʲôطˣ
Ϊ˷ձ̸־ӡˢֱӽһࡷ彻һָ
ؿ, ˹𰸣
ȿȣǡдμӸԵڡ
еĻӣҪȹ԰е˵ҪһЩ
Ҫ֪ڹ԰е˵, Ҳ˵ѧʩСƣúʺؼҸĸó˻ѧá
ǽ, ˳˸ԡ
еĻ, Ѿд˺Ķ˵ǱҪæ, ҪȥһΪ, ˳ؼҶ˵Ҫȥ֮¡
ؼҶ϶ںȥ֮²ͬ
һ˵˭֪ǲȥ, һ˵˼еũһڹ˼ʲô
ȥձһǮ֮, ԥһգ˿ڡ
һǮȫǺǰһݹ, ͵͵ġ
һûкؼҶڿⶢţ뿼һθ˳

еĻдˡ
ʱýζںҲڴ
ܹ˳
ͨ
ͨԺţ൱˹ںؼҵӦþܺùһЩ˰ɣ
ǲܣӦΣ
ĻҲǮȥ֮ҪһύؼҶϣʣµһǮ֧Žѧϰ
ȻڣΪӵȻֹеɻ󶼵ò
ڼ飬֮£Ǿһ⻰ӵĺ
֮ǰٿ顣
飬ĶУȫǲҵ
ҲΪˣЩ˼
ڹδ飬еЩ⡣
Ժ΢΢ͷʾԼ֪ˣ
ԵƬ̡
󣬹ֱӽվֹ˽Ըһˡ
˵ҲɣΪҲڿһࡷĻӣǰղ˵
ȻڵȣҲûбеĻӿ϶٣Ҳʤޡ
ֹʱ䣬ֽתƻձ֮ϡ
ոջһЩϸû飬ǡڿ˵һ˵
СԺԶֹĽųҲܿ졣
ĪԼһյĹ򣬹˵£ֹ㽫һࡷĻ˹
һࡷ˿ͷʱְֽһ˵ڣҲֻ˵һµĿܡ
Զںڣ黹ǲôǳ
Ҳûʲô£ɴһ𷭿һ¡
˳㿴һ⻰ӵʲôħûϺ̲ס׷ʺ
һ㷢֣ϤĴˬġ
Ϊ˵Щѧʣ
ҲΪܵ˹ص㲦
ڹµ**Ľϣȷʮץˡ
ǷںĽãҲһƬĶߡ
Ҳڿ˺ڣеҲһĽ
ԿԽŰмҪҵʱ䡣
ؼҶ˵ʱҲֻҪʱ䡣
ȥ·ϺͿõʱ䣬Ҳʣ죬ȻǲܵȵŰˡ
պûеȵŰĽҴ·˻ؼҵ·
صк󣬺ǽһǮؼҶϣƽղڼʱؼҶΪЩũĵ׵Թ
Ҳȥѧӱƽ
ʱ򣬷ȴֱʺԺδ㣿
ʱ⣬ȴӽһˡ
ͯҿķʽμӣ֮ͯأ
ӦΣ
Ȳ˵ԣ˵ԣҪȥʡǲο
ںҪȥһ˷ʱȥʡǸҪı
˵ȡܹ֮úؼҶת̬ȣ
ת̬ȣ
֪쿪
ͻȻģĴӱʱ¶
ʱвͬؼҶ˵ȥѧã˵дΪʱֻܵˡ
ļǵãؼҸĸ˵ʱϷǵûһ˿ϲɫ͸һ˿ŭ
ص֮󣬱һ١
˵֪ǫ飬Ͱˮ춣Щ±ϲҫֱ֪ν
ʱĺҲ֪ΪΣֻƾűܣԽԽĬбֵԽԽľګ
˺û˵ڡԺһܴгϢĻˡ
ˣˣĸԸ⿴
ģ
Ȼ֪ĸΪλ˼룬Ҳѧ˲׾
ҲΪףúؼҶ֪Լȡţǵ̬ȿ²˿ı䣬䱾
뵽ԭΪμӸԶȸԾѵҲ˲ƽϢ׹ߡ
ûһͯ˼ѣպֵΣ
ܹͨӵİõԡԣһԲҪõ
ʱӦȡ
֪벻һһݵİ취ôţⱲӵյˡ
ԭΪ˳μӸԶ΢Щ滺飬ʱüͷֱӽ
æ淭˷뿴һνġ
˭һֱӷ˸գݣϵ˵ûüء
΢ЩȵĶ˹ע⡣
ȿȣԼʧ̬æеĻӣʼҲľһۣ
ȷס
һǰڣ΢΢ͷʾͬ
ѵüһ棬ɴʳԼеɻ
֪˵趨кԢ⣿
кԢ⣿
⵹ʵˡ
ʲôԢ⣿
޷ǴˬĹõֺ·
ǰԽңԽۣԽֳ书֮ˬУԼڻʱĿС
ڿһ£ʱ־ĻشƺԵùڷǳ
˼˰Σ״һߴϵ˵
ǡ콫˹Ҳȿ־ǣշзΪԶԣܡɣ
ող
ΪԼʧ̬һʣû뵽ȻӹеõĻش
һ𣬻ظŹһ仰
콫˹Ҳȿ־ǣշзΪ
ⷬģùʶˡ
λ·ӣƺҲһ˳
ٳ꣬ȴͻʣ;裬Ҳ˲
ôһӵһƺҲܹϣ
̧ۣȻ𶯵ģ
һ׹ĳǳĳһݡ
𣡡
ǰܴľ飬һ֪Ҫʲôˣæֹ
֮ϣжʮֱһպֹĶ
ſԣҲֱӿڣ
ǻɲ˵ģҿûôߵ˼򣡡
ǡû뵽õһ𰸣΢Щ
ΪȺ顣
룬ҵ鼮Ҳ΢漰
ڴ֮ǰȴδһ֮ԡ
һλΪ˵ģ˳ӡ
֪λںδ
Ѿ˲ϡһࡷĺˣһҪһλûϵ
ܹ˵Ļλѧʲ͡
֪ԼǷܹۣ֮
ǲܣǷӦʦһͬ棿
֮ʱȴ˹Ļش
λѾˡ
˵⻰ʱҲֳһ˿
Ȼ뻪ʷϵĹƵĵطҲڲѾȫȫʱյʵ
ͬЩôҶ
˲ǧԵѧǣʷУȴû˿
Ȼ׹Ϊʲô¶ƻƸпƺ׷ʲô顣
ȴܹʱĹ飬˶͸һšץ͸翸С
һҲ˲źѾˣ
ʹȻţ˼֮飬֪е㻳֮ˣҲź²عˡ
˵öԣعˡ
Ҳһϲ֮ˡ
Ȼʱпǵǹ󣬽֮ܽء
ĩҲ˭ףϧ£ϧǰ֮˵ĵܿʰ顣
̬仯ֱӳ鹰˹֣
Ǿ仰ĳʮϲ֪ɷժĳ֮У
һʣҲ֪
Ӱ˼¼ݡ
жʱĵᣬҲлǸӿͷ֮ʱʫʻ¡
Ҳ˵ͷ
ǿԵģͬ˵֮飬֪Լ˼˹Ҳеο
˵⻰ʱҲͻȻһµ뷨
뻪Ƶĵط˼Ҳв֮ͨ
˶Ŀ֮ӦҲɡ
ʱÿ֮쳹룬Ҳǲɡ
£Ӧˣ²һʵѡ
ţ㲻̧ۿ˿ڵͷ콫˹ҲдԼʵ
תֿϵһձԼĹ棬ջǽе뷨ѹѹ
ձϱҪУǡΪæµʱӦҲûжľ¡
ǵȵձ
֮²֮Ҳ١
ǱߣǡдԶԣܡֻüͻȻһ⡣
ͣϸһȴַƺĴ
ϸϸ˼һ޹սҷ£ʣһ仰д֮ϡ
ע
ԣ


92 
ϸϸһ䡰콫˹ҲԼ֮С
ԽԽһλ˵ļе, ÿһ飬µķᡣ
ĶڹУҲʧ
ܹ顣
ںĿѧ, һǰδֹ, оµͻ֮, Ҳרע, ڷʳ
պп֮Ĺ˵, ʱ˵רעһ¡
Ϊ˲, ɴ˸ǡ
ʱҲʶԼֱӽһԵľٶʵЩס
ڹԴȫ⡣
ǰҲ¹, ֻǴΪɢҵǣϲظ֮Խһ, Ȼ
˵һ߶ȫǴһ䡰콫˹Ҳ֪λѧԼ˼߶ȷǳܼ
ԭжѾ, ޷֮ź
ڵ֪лλ, ȻʮĶ
, ܹ֮ͨ, Ҳһ¡
оϲ֮, Ȼܾ顣
ķӦ˿⣺
ֻµּ΢Щ, ʱҲЩԶˣҪҪһЩʱա
֮ʱѧϰ֮, ȻѾԿ̽ѪѾʮûùȥĬдҲҪһЩ
֮⣬Ҫ޳һЩϢ
ո˵һΡ콫˹Ҳǳԡӡ¡ԭΪǻڰ֡
һλ֮ǰʵһλΪ˴Ķ֮У
þڰ֮䡭
ֵ˴áتˣǻʷϵʷ֮С
ֱó֮˿֪ƣ»ỹһЩҪĲ²⡣
ЩҲҪ޸Ļɾ
һȥȻҪõʱ䡣
ҲʲôΪ˴֮ˣȻȲҪµ£ҲԴΪ⡣
ֱ˵ùÿҲһ
ڹȥ֮ʱֱͣСԺſ֮ʱΪԼжݡ
ȥ֮Ҳ˲Լġһࡷ¿ʼĥµһ֮ԡ
ԭȽ־Լӹ桷򵥵ɶĬд
ǡձؿϵеĵһݻûȷ
ʱ㽫־ǡӹ桷ӡȥܹͨյȤͬʱҲͯɡ
Ȼջصʱ˵񲿽˹ùȥǷ
ŴԣҲֻܽеļƻҷ£ȽԷ
񲿸ģ
¾ɻ£˵Ӧ˴һҵʱ㽫
ձǴڹˣղŽ
Ҳ񲿹ⵡ顣
ԶĲ˵˵ǰЩŴеõϻͳһ㣬Ҳܹʹӡ
ȫȻΪʷϣδйλȨصȢ޵ĴڣԸûκϿԿ֤ȫƾԼ
Լ£Ҳѵġ
ˣǱֹӦġ
ĲãǱ򶪹٣ԴĴ¡
һʱ侹Ȼû˸κν顣
ټǰ¾⣬񲿻ԼԼ̫ҽԺǱ򲻺͵Ĵţǲȥ߶¾
񲿵ûʣֶһȺүǶ֦ĩڵ£һʱ侹Ȼûע⡣
ϴ¾֮ʱûἰ£˲ŷٳû
¾񲿰׼Žһ⡣
¾絽ڲŹȥã
ܹô̵ʱƳѾǼΪˡ
ڿ֮ʱ΢΢Щ
ôɫ
ڹļУ¾һƺɫ
صµĻǱߵ˵չأɫ·ģʽԼ廨ǰı׼ġ
ƺ֪⣬ػشš
˵ͬʱʾվһԵİǰڹǰչ
չ󣬹΢΢۲һ£ʵȷͬԣɫ֮⣬·ûκ
λ񷨷ȻΪơ
ϷĽбⲼµİơ
¾÷ϱ֯밵ƣһۿȥԣƫ⴦ɼ
֮⣬εĹ֮ýһֻצ
צצֻצЩ΢𣬽ڷ֮ϣǻҲûе١
ȴΪ¾һ仰񲿱㽫˹ķϡ
ǹͣǽϵʱЩЩ⣺

·ģ֮ǰʹϵ˼Ӧˡ
񲿵ˮ©ȻЩط©
ԣҲģ
š
ֵѯʣ
ԣ
õ϶ĻشҲûжൢ󣬱ֱӽ£˳˷䡣
ϾеλӶϲźŸ£ҲѾϰһ㡣
ʸ˳󲻾ãеһӣ±ˡ
վԷſڵʣ¾ԭ鷿ȥĽŲ˲һ䣺
ڣʲô£
˵ű׼ȥƷš
¾ָⴥţʱѾ˴𰸣
Ǳ߽չҪ˹Դ
ˡ
¾Ҳ룬ֱӽָ˻
ͬʱңոյĶ졣
Լ滻·óóȻͰƿˣǽʲô¶
Ȼ¶ˣҲˣ¾Ҳ˿Լ·ĳ
¾ͬʱſڱ㴫һ󶯾
֨
󣬱ǹ΢Щɤ
ͦġ
¾ʶ̧ͷȥʱ㱻Լڵģһ
¾֪ÿ֮֮ȴܹڸǾ˵ɫ˫
ȴûͬһһ㣬ʶԼĺÿ
ͬĴжһ㣬ഩɫɫΡ
رڸеЩСʱ򣬸ôô
һʱҸе巿Ҫװŵ˵Ǹʡ
дʽģ
ԭƤͱȽϰ𪣬ټ⣬֮ǰ֡
ɫ
ĳ֮£һݰ𪣬ԵΪԡ
ĸΪϳˣԭȾʿϸƺҲ̳һ㣬Ϊϸ
ټСδȫ֮ʱ
һ΢ƫʱԵΪ
Ȼ֪ԼӯԼһգ¾ǵһֱ۵ؿ
֮⣬¾Ҳǳ˴⣬һμԼ
¾գһϮɫµģҲںÿ
бʱ󲡳ɫδȫָԵڡ
ģ»Ǹ֮ʩ˾¡
Ź֮һֻϤĽ¾ûһʶ
Լ
¾ֱףǹ飬ҲоЩͷԼһ
ʲôطԣǲÿ
ûУܺÿ
¾ͷ΢΢˶Ҳ˴𰸡
ⲻԣһڣվһԵʣҲԼүʱɤ̺һ˿Щࡣ
̧һԼȻѾʶүʲô
Ҳ֪ԼʱӦ˳ԽԽãߵԽԶԽá
ĿⴥԼǼ󣬵׻ӲͷƤ˿ڣ
Ȼȥ񲿻ػչϣ˴űɡ
֮ͷǳˣ
λ¸֪ģһŵ㣬·Ҫأ
˵ҲûпԼλӵķӦرԺ˳ȥ
ȻߵʱҲûǴһ״İ


93 
ʻе֮, ¾һС
ò˵Ϊһֱ¾ҵĳ棬ֹͬһ, Լү˵ǼΪ˽ˡ
ʹʵ, ϵҲЩ
ŵһ˿, ֻ΢һЩ塣
ա
Ÿոմϱ, 㷢¾֪ʲôʱѾߵ
ǰĴ¾, ¾ɼ񣬹һξ, ԼؾԷ֮Уƺһܺõľ
¾ŹʱģͻȻЩڡ
֪Լˡ, 㲻񲿰ķơ
ܿ죬¾뵽Ȼȼɭ, ʵҲͬС죬ʽϵĲʵ
ģʹһ, ҲЧ
뵽, ¾ԺһЩе뷨
罫Լ, κ˿̽
Ȼ֪¾ʱʲô, ȴܹԸо, ¾ԽԽΣˡ
󲻵òѣ
ʱ쵽ˣүҲø°ɡ
¾һǵ, Щ׵Σ뷨Ժת˲ţ㱻ǿѹȥ
֪ˡ
ǹһκ¾һͬμʽᡣ
ȻҲʱ¾ųģĳ׺ŲСĲ
Ҫ˵, ǳӼ򵥣ر¾Ϊ佫Ǹɾ䣬ж
Ҫࡣ
˵Ҳڴ֮󣬵һμ¾¡صʱ
ɫ¾׳ϸͬ¾ϣƺ
ر
ж֮䣬ڲֵ֮룬·ø
¾ڴ·֮һƽģƺܹᵽ¾տʱΪλʧ̬ˡ
Ȼûκһ˿ԵֿסƷջ
¾ܡ
顭
Ҳܣ
ͷ΢΢˶㱻ɫͷԣ
ҪǾͱȥ˰ɣ
˵ʲôء
ķӦԭЩ¾ʱ˲١
ǰùĶͷ
ողǻ˵ʱ䲻ôǸóˡ
ոǾ仰ԭڱɫͷ֮һ˵
˵֮󣬱ҲѾָǡ
˵ͷ¾һš
ԴǴ밲֮⻹ǹһʹ
еһУϴιʱû̫Ĳ
Ҫ˵Ǳһλʹϣ˲ٻѩҲ˴ССĺ˲ζ
ʱ˱Ź˵ĽŲִ˾ٰĹ
¾ĲҲ硣
˵ʱ򣬵Ѿվۼ˲ˡ

ſ̫ĳæ
λ񣬲Ȿ
¾˵ˣȻǲһֱ˿ͣ
ˣҲв¾Ͷȥ޴Ŀ⡣
ΧʱʱͶע棬ȣ̽Ŀ⣬ֻȫȻ֪
Щ˵뷨Ҳܲ¸˾Ųʮ
ϴ¾磬Ȼ˲ٴ󳼣Щ󳼵׻󲿷ˣλɴȫ˽״̬
ֲϲ罻Ǵ¾磬ûپٰᡣ
֮
󣬹Ҳûнܹκ˵롣
ڵе˶ԹΨһ˽;ǾеЩԷ
˭֪ЩŵǼ٣
ںò׼ˣɲúúüһλе
ڳĶ˾Ȼûǰ̸֮Եļ۵Ĺ򣬱ѾܹõϢˡ
۾ĴΣĴУһȷġ
Ǳλɫ˫ڸǾ
ڳ˶ǳʳ֮ңСǼ˸ɫĺɫ
մһɱվһ
ΪѵõģǹһĪ
ƺһ˿أƺִһ˿ݣ̲סҪ
֮⣬Ҳвע⵽˹ϵķΡ
밵ƣצɫ֮⣬
رǴʱ¾վԣ˳ɫ֮⣬һģһӳţÿ
ͬʱƺҲԵ֮޼䣬ݲ˲롣
ע⵽һ㣬˿ʼɫ̽ŶԷе뷨
Ȼдţ֮ɪ
˶˵ʵ֮ԱǣÿŶȲߡ
ϾЩǣȫ޷£˾ٰüĻ档
ɾڵЩţƺֲȫǿѨ磿
ɲܵеʲôתͷ¾ϸţ
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أ¾Ҳ΢΢ѹɤ깬æʹﲢʱӼ
ӵ밲ͳһڴʮϦӡ
ԣҲԷġ
¾̸ⷬУƺ͸֤ʵ
ʵ
ǡʱִ˹˵ĳ
ӡӡĻӡӵµ
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λ񡣡
˻̧֣۱㿴˴ʱѾе¾飬ɫ΢΢˱䡣
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ע⵽˵Ŀ⣬¾΢΢˵˵ͷǴк
Ȼӱ¾곤˵λӶҪ¾һͷ¾̬ȣȻһ˿
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ΨĻӣؾص¾һ˵һ˿Цݡ
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Ļʵܣ
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״üͷ΢΢
ĻʵܣǱȴӴࡣ
¾˽¶ΣٻǺ
Ȼӽյɣ׼һ㴰ֽͱƵġ
¾ԹЦЦû˵ı鲻ѿԹԵͬ
ʱѾ첽ߵ˵ǰ
¾ģΪڽӸոյǷٶҲ㿪ڣ
ɩϣǰʱ˸ʵĹ䣬ﲻʹء
尵󣬵Ҳ㲻СٲԶļλ˸
ʱ˵ıһ˿΢ı仯
˭֪֮ϵ׽
Ȼӵ̬ȣȫ
µ̬ȣҲ˾Ųʮ
ͬ׽µ棬ֱԽɩҲһӦʵģ
Ƿ˵ĹϵǸոյƲĻҪһЩ
Щܹ뵽ʱ£ȻҲܹ뵽
֮ͬ׽ģ˫΢΢
ܾãʲôҪ±ˣ
˴ŵĹ΢΢һۣ
ֱˣ
Ϊʲô˵֡
ȻҪǰմӳ˻ϵС˿ʼ˵
Ҳ֪Լ£ҪҲһ
Ҳ֪ǴŪɳ׾ǻΪСһбźü춼ûһ
õϢ⼸մܵ𱸣¼Ҫࡣ
Ҳ˵ͷ
ɲǣ˵ǵһʲôײˣҪ׸ʣʿǵûиˣ˼֮ϡ
ǳˣ֪˵ûɫ޴
ײˡ
ĳ
ڻõģ±˰ײһƷˣƫƫؿ͸ֻܿܳԵײˡ
ţ鲻̧ӵķһۡ
˭֪Ӳ֪ΪʲôԭĿǡҲ鼸˵ķͶ˹ײ˸š
ǹʱĿôʲôӵɫ˲ѿ
˭֪תֶվһԣ¾Ŀ⡣
գӻǽĵŭѹ˻ȥ
һϵж۵׵Ĺ۽΢΢з˼
ǰΪʲôΪ¾ڶ·ϰ
ȻȹһȻԲԶһԴһ˿
¹ټӵ¡


94 
, ù΢Щ죬ƺȴİ
ʶתͷȥ, 㿴վһ, ΢΢ˡ
Ӵϵķβѿ, ӦǳеƷĹ١
Ʒ
ź񲢲ߡ
Ͼھ, ȱһƷĴԱ
ǽյĹ, ƷҲſ볡ʸ
ϸ۲죬㲻ѷ, ʱվڼǰλƷĹ٣䲢
Ҳᳬ
˿ſͨ, ٳǰ֮ȴѾƷλá
ԼѧʿŸɵĳڡ
ڹǰ˵ʱ¾΢΢̧̧֣
´񡣡
£
, ʶ뵽
ʱ򣬹Ҳڿλ´˵ݣ, Ӣ
ؼ, üȷķ, , ҲԼԼ͸ǹζ
, ҲףոΪʲô˵ˡ
ɤ, Ҳǿдһ˿ģ
˲²⣬ɴɴֱѯʳ
λ´ӵġ
´ӵĴ磬, ںְ
ãֽ˽¾ȻǶ¼ҽһġ
¾شͬʱҲ΢΢鸩˸
¹⣬¡
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΢΢ЦЦֱ˵⡣

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˵ʱЩ⣺
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¼ҵλӣֳ
¼λӴʱϵķβѿ¼Ҷλӣ¸ǵ֮
пΪһλϴŵķҲͨҰԴš
Ȼ裬Ϊ˴ûκ©˵ʮϲ罻
Ҳܾġ
ڴ¼Ǽλӵʱ㲻뵽˹˼Ҵ磬ԥƬ̺󣬻΢΢˵ͷӦҪ
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С㼫Ϊ¡
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֪ǰЩӣԼҵܸܵŸ׻ظʱ¼ҵļλжˡ
֪й鹦ûʱ˱Թ鱧мĺøС
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ڼʱѾԼ߳״̬Ѿǳˣʵûʲô
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˫ĪԼһյĹ򣬹塣
ʱᣬ˵ĽĿԼҲǸһġ
Żʵ翪ʼַ輧ڡ
ȻںҲμӹᣬ˼Ҳٰͬᡣ
ǹģҲǵһβμӣǹĸţͬûм
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̧Ƭ̣Щ輧ǹġ
һ毺ò˵赸׾ǹҲǲס
رǴʱڵǼλ輧ϸ£֫ӯһգͶ֮ʱˮ𣬵ʮ㡣
ڿ֮˽ˮ׳֮һѶȶŤһùΪ˼ʱɾ֫ʮ㡣
ͬʱап
ЩʱЩ°ɣ治ܹ
ΪԼѾ˸̣ڿⷬʱҲ̲ס͡
ڹŵ輧赸֮ʱ˿ûз֣ԼԵˣɫԽԽ
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輧ÿ𣿡
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Ҳ˴𰸡
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ڹ鿴Щ輧ЩΪȣҲѷɫ
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ү֪ˣԺ󲻸ˡ
⻰
¾ⷬ߹顣
Ȼûá
ʱ
һҪС¹һЩƣһֻС¹
Ϧ밲ɲȴڶգָҪ˵أ
¾ͷӶصţⲻ֪Ǹոյһǻϲˣ
ԭΪոѹȥһЩ뷨ʱֿʼðͷ
в͵͵λķƮȥһҪһڿĳʱηӦ
˭֪ϵĿһֱڵ輧֮ϣϵҲû˿仯ƺȫûע⵽֮С


95 
Ȼڴǿĵط, ϲûеľƱ顣
ûп¾͹֮С
Ѿˣûۿ
Щ¾ſڱտڡı֣ʵ۾֪֮鲻
ûʵû뵽, ˵Ĺϵܹڴ֮ͥ»ô
ڹ¾Ƚзִ硣
˵һЩ, ˵ʱһЩ, һЩ, ûʲôľٶˡ
Ȼ϶ûʲôӦ, λϵȻҲ͵ûпüûκα仯
Ȼ, ȥЩޣʱʱ¾ͶȥĿľٶĻŶȻһЩ
Ϻʹǲ˵, ȴû˵ˡ
Ʃһ¾ԸĴӣڿǰĳʱӱתת, ֪Щʲô
ͣ輧ǿʼ׼һĿĿ϶֮ʱֱӴλվ
ʡ
ʲô£ʵ۸˴һ, ʾлֱ˵
Ϊ, ÿ깬綼Щ, ȻҲ, ʧһЩȤζ
΢΢, ˵Լ뷨
꣬һ㲻һϷ
Ŷʵ΢΢, ò˵⻰˵ĵȷе˼, ʲôϷ
Ҳסˣ˼Ƭ̣Ÿ˴𰸣
оɣ
ԭ黹ɻ󣬴ôͻȻվʼҴڸˡ
һ䡰о֮󣬹֪Ҫʲôˡ
Сǰνһ׼ӵܣڳԺַνǼΪͨھ棬ȻҲ⡣
룬Ǿ֮ϷǳѰַʽ֮һַΪ롰֧
Ϊ򵥵ıǲȭͬʱֵ֣ͬʱҪ˭ǲ˳ֵܺͣΪʤߺȾơ
֮⣬ӡĴȵ
ǹ磬ĳλȨصĴ֮⣬лϣǲȭȻǲõģʣµҲֻˡ
ое漰ʫʸ踳
˵ɻǽ߰һ˳ÿˣҪ˳гһСֵ˳
ٸ˵һɻΪһ顣
ڵһˣҪгԡΪͷʫ䣬ڶ˱ҪгڶִСʫ䣬Դƣֱ߸ˣгԡΪΪʫ䡣
˭;˵Ҫһ
Ϸ֪ʶḻ߲档
֮⣬ѶȽװ棬ֳʫѧˮƽҪ󼫸ߡ
ͨķɻѶȽװ汾ڹ¾˵ʲô׵¡
¾ʱѧһЩʫʸ踳ս֮󣬴ж顣
ϾЩ֮Ҳ绨ѩµʫ䣬浶ǹսϣһҲûС
ڹ顭
СӱһӵܣСʱ򱻹ѹţǳңҲʶһҪ˵Щʫʸ踳ˡ
鱾ˣдһ̲ĳĳҵҵƻ飬±񣬵дһԾ䣬ʵЩΪѡ
ڴ˵оһɲǣ֪¾ǳ¾ġ
Ǹģһʮ죬ʮ춼ϳżвʣҲϢǿȱ
ž󣬹Ը֮Ϊߡ
һ굽ͷòڹʱϢգĽĿЩĺĸ衣
ǴӲ˵ʵҲЩȤ
ڴ⻰νл»ڵıܿоϿνʮָȤ
Ȼû仰Ĺ򣬻ϱѾͬ˴ӵ顣
ѾϷ
ǡñǸոչԺ뵽ķɻѶȽװ档
ֿǵڵеĻв佫ʫʷɻ˵ЩѶȣּͶ
Ϸ֮󣬻ϻЩδ뵽ʲôֱӳվ˻֣
ǰ׸޵ϦҾƻʣ̳ǡóᣬҲλǳʣ
ǷɻͶԹΪһ֮С
佫ǼʹоҲϲ֪㽫ض֮佫ǵķӦ
˭֪ԭЩ佫ǣᵽϦҾơʱɫÿ˲ٲ˵Ҳһ˿ڴ
Եת䣬ùҪԶѡ
ɻ󣬹Ҳյ¾Ķߵѯʣ
ϦҾʲô
ϾոջϿ˵ˣ¾͸ġ
Ȼˣ¾ȻҲ˴𰸣
ϦƣϦ¾ƱϦҵľƣͬʱҲΪµһҾơζŨ㴼񣬼ʹϦҲΪѵãҲֻǰϦս󣬲ŵһЩ˸̳û뵽Ȼʣ̳
Ȼ鱾ΪϱӵԵʣϲƣСǰȴǸӵܣԾƵЩо
Ϧڶھ֮һƼ
Ծ
Ϧľƣνǧ
Сӣ˵гһܹһϦƣҲ޺Ļ
뵽¾˵Ϧ¾Ϧҵľƣһ˿ڴ
˵ʱѾ̳Ӿ˹
ϦܹԾ£Ȼĵ
Ǿ̳ĸƿʱƮ
ζ͸һɴ㣬õģƺѾЩˡ
ЩþƵ佫ھ֮ʱ̲סʿˮģǹ˼ŻϻڣֱָǰнϦ¾Ƹ
˵ı־۵ףϵͶһ˿Ц⡣
ŷѽڣҲٵ˵θڣֱӻ˻֣ʾǰȥƷָˡ
¾ǳ˻֮⣬ڳе˵λߵˣϵλҲ类ֵƵˡ
Ϊոյʣ¾ΪƸһ¾֣һ

ǰȻȵ٣Ϊ˼ҵľƽвŲƣ»һҰ׾ƹ˾ҲЩо
ڼ¾΢ЩڴģҲûƴǣֶ̧Ʊ΢΢ǳһڡ
ҾϸϸƷζһʵЩʧ
ƵȷܹϲŨڸк೤֮лظʣʹںҲ˵ϲ
ùʧģΪ㲻ҡ
΢΢һ£úб׼ĻϦ¾ƿ²ʮȡ
ȻʮҲȷܹ˵һңǳΪµһҾơڹУȷʵЩʵˡ
ϵʧԣ¾֮Ϧദ֮Ĭ
Ѿǳܱȡ
һۣ¾˹ļһ˿
ǲʮ⣿
û̻ش¾⣬ѯʣ
үΣ

ھƣ¾ͬû̫ϲãþƺȶ¡
Ϧ¾ƣ¾˵ȴŲһ壺
Ҫǹңڵõ֮ǡ궬գﲻٽʿǿϦ¾Ʋͦ˹
ôҲû뵽һʷ
ϸ룬ȴ־ò⡣
ҾʹڻĵʷϣҲʲô£˵¾ս꣬ѵꡣ
飬ʱֶǳ͢ʿһЩϣҲ
뵽ļʱ뷨
Ҫ֪ҾƵĺôɲֹúô򵥡
Ǿƾߣܹɱãսϣһ
Ϧ¾ƱΪµһҾƱ㲻ѿڻû˻Ʒǡ
ԺеЩ뷨ŸոðһͷһԴӵֱӴ˼
ȻҪоãټһЩͷ˼һЩ


96 
омͷ, ʲôϡ¡
ڴҪ󣬻ϵȻҲȻӦʣһͷ
óͷ, ȡһ塣
˵, 岢㲻ʲô
ɾһͨ, ֻҪ˻ϵ, մˡá, ƺͱòѰ
˵ö壬һ̻ڻϵ䡣
ܹо, ڻϽеʱ򣬵еնʱһ˿仯
ԭЩĵĴǣжٶһ˿档
Ȼ, Ҳ˳ġ
׸ˣҲִһö壬ʢŲͷк, ΢΢˹֣
ϳϴ󣬾ҲǰоЩ, ޷μ, λ
һ֪, ˵дʡ
ʫʷɻֲʲô, Ļǿѧ, ô
μӹ֮Уû˿Էǳŵ˵ԼѧԸʤһ
ӮĽǶ˵, ˲μӣ˵һ¡
, ˶Ҫ󣬶û
һ򣬵˱㶼ѾԼĲͷС̫е֮С
μӹĴΪӣ֮УҲδװεذһƷ
¾ϲΣȻûжͷġ
Ψһذףǻϸ¾ȨʥʱҲһ
ذǹ͸¾Ķ滹Ź¾ôϽͷ
ǹһ˿ңŽ֮С
սҷŽ֮УǱߴֿ˵ˣ
Ȼ
һλŲͷˣоʼ
ӻһ䣬ԭЩӵĴ˲䰲
ȻŵĵزոȣҲžࡣ
С֮ν쳹ǰԹСӲ˽ĴǣӴ֮ʱҲ֪Ǹʲôˡ
ڴоͷģ߲ư
֮ϵƽƽҲͰˡ
Ӹո֮ĻԿԿǸŨʱӴ˷̬׼˺һ㴰ֽˣ
еĴʶλϻϵλÿһۡ
˭֪ȴֻֻ΢΢üû˿Ҫֵ˼׼Ϲۡ
ķӦʱôǾЩͷˣ
ʱ¼ԸϲһЩ
ۼ󣬻ôһ㷴ӦҲûˣ
Ҫ֪һ壬µҲ޹⡣
ԻϵϲһЩƫӶһЩ
ӻϵϿκϢ˱ֻܽעתƵ˹ϣ׼ҪӦԡ
ֻЦЦüͷ΢΢̧˴ӣ
մֵ˼ӦɻͶ
ȻҪԼԸҪ˵Ǿɻʺ
΢΢һ˿㵵ı飬Ȼû뵽⡣
ĬƬ֮󣬻ǿڸ˹𰸣
ϾͶǸλ׼ģλ֣һ棬ѷɫ
һ˵ǴȻǲˣ»ĻΪ鿼ǡ
ԴӵĻش𲢲
⡣
ϾоǴӸڵĿӡ
ͶĿһֵģĳҲͬóзɻô˸ֱ۵ʶһݰ
ڹ֮һһһһ֮䣬˶о˽ŵơ
˱㿴һֱڹԵ˶ƺҪ˵ʲôȻûڣ㱻ְ̧¡
ţ˱ʻ
ҿֽĿ²о뿴ҳɣ
һԴһ˿ʵĻһԭӦԵĳ϶ٳһ˿Ȼ
Ѿڹٳѧ֣˵ĨǵĴǣǵһֱ׵ˡ
龪һĴȫûע⵽ԭλϹ۵ĻϵУһ˿Ȥζһ
üͷ΢壬ʵ
γԣ
δԣ
üͷ΢΢΢
⾩˭˲֪ǸѧĲݰǿϵü֣ڴȴҪñɻ뿴ʲô
һ仰˵ǽһֱ׳
ʵҪùɻ黹治һ޲ߡ
ıһ仰ʫףʫҲ
뻪ȫͬƽʱա
ǧ꣬Ӱټңǧž㲻
ȴеһ
Խ֮óһеǰᣬ˶֪֮ǳԿ϶λʥ֮ڡ
˵Ĺ;ΪС
ȻܱУ鱾ֲʫɴལƫ棬ֱ˴̡
ò˵ⲻƵķʽȷ˴һֲ
ôҲû뵽
ϾȻйˣ·ѧһ˺ԺƵġ
ڴӲ֪֮ʱһԵĻ΢΢̾˿λվ
ˣ˵ԲţֻǾþЩŶǶڮ٣Ҫ󣬲Ҫ󡣡
⻰Ǹ˸ѣҲ˵ͷ
ԣҲΪŲʵ
Ǵܸ֪⴫˰ɣ
°ͣŴӵǳԣɻ׻ҪҪʼ
ʱ򣬴ӻ˵ʲô
Ǽùɻ֤ʵ˹˵һо뿴
´˽ױãܰڵ˵
ſԣλһֱû˵Ļʵȴһ˿ڣ
Ȼ˵ˣɻμӱˣȻоϴģǱϴʼɡ
ǡ
ʵ۶ˣӻ˵ʲôȻֻܵͷӦǡ
վһԵĹ飬ٳûи𰸡
Ԩ״üͷ΢΢ɳѯʣ
ôμҲ⣿
ûκβƺһ㳤
˵֪쳣ԣ˳òСţ
ողŸ˲ͷء
˵ͬʱ񻹲̫е
һ۵ģĻʵ۵ǾЩʣ
ֵǮǰʲôϷǲ׬ˣǲ¥׬ˣ
Ϲȴһͬطţ
⣬ͷǲͷôܻΪһ̸أ
˼ǣȲͷо
ʵĿ챻Цˣ
ֺ¸
ȫռˣ
Ǽˣ¹ǳײ˵ʲôˣæӦţ
ʽѵǣ֪ˡ
ֻϵı飬ôô͸һί
ҲղڣڣָָŹ˵һ䣬ɣ˼˵ﲻһ
̶Ҳضá
ǱϵίˣЩεؿ˿ڣ
ˣǸͷư۵ģСӣøû˵һʼ۸ϱ
˵ʱԨֱӴĴָһöֽڵУʾø顣
ʵҲ˳һ˵ȫû뵽Ȼ֮ϲ
б˲ռ˵
űݵԼǰָ鲻΢΢ƴһ
һĻòٴ󳼵ͫ׶΢΢
ոջϷŽгͷ壬һδѰ塣
Ϲоûʮ飬Ҳа˿顣
öָȴͬ
öָڳǵļУѾڻϵĴָЩͷˣƽʱȡ£ʱʱ棬Ȼİ֮
Ȼڲ͸һЩίϱֱӽָ
ʹϽȷϲѰİݼڱܴﵽĵز
Ż϶̬ȣȴѾΪϵһ䡰ǲ׬ˣǲ¥׬ˣ
ȻܲżҲһЩ޴ľٶԼĸʣȴһ˽⡣
ƾʵһ仰ӱ֪ˣȻӣǹ԰¸󣬶ǶڹĲҵ
ôȻΪΣҪǰµܶƵĲȻҲֻǹĶ

ڹģأ
ֽǷŴ󾵺۾ԼǰЩӣеǸӡˢ
һ˲䣬ӱԺʲôһֱԵĵطͨˣ
ӲʼСˣЩʵĶ֮󣬲ųֵģ
û˱ȴӸԸʵ
˶ܿΪЩʵӻеõ˶ٺôֵõ˻ϵĶٳ谮
ȴôӷ֣Щô谮Ļ͸¾ģνܣ
ܹ뵽£ĻԼȻҲܹ뵽
ʱĸ˵ɫЩѿ
ǳǸĹһ΢ЦʱҲЩҲסˡ
ȫ෴ģȻǻʹˡ
ʱɫжѿʹϵЦݱжС
֮ľ뱾ͼ̣ʹȴǾùʱܵĴ̼Ƶģ΢΢ƫƫ
֮󣬱ƺһֱ˸лãԱӵģǱȱ˾ĸӷһЩ
һ仰ЩùֱѪ
ǹ˼ǹ磬ǻϴʱһţֱ޲ֱ˺ûʹ졣
ȻڣҲֻǿѹͷ֮ʹ΢΢ЦЦ
ĻҽһģĶӣõĶӣΪٳ֣ҲӦ
ӦǿĴҲܡ
ոԺиֳĿô˶Щجج
ƫƫϸոѾ˻ɻʼ
ԴӴʱһͬʱҪһŲȽԼոոڵĿ֮У˼ʫ
ӺôҲǴСĽ󣬼ʹʱǽҲƾž뱾ܣ˵һɻ
Ȼһɻ˵Ǵʧˮ׼չ鼫ΪҵĹʫˮƽһɻлĹʱλʫˣǬ¡ʵ۵ζôҲ˵˳
Ϊϵļ仰Ĳɵֺֹһ
˶Ĳɵ֮£һʧˮ׼ķɻȻҲ͹˹ء
ķɻûʲôͷҪ˵ոմӱݵĴ˼
һ佫ͶŻҪ֣˸䣬ױһƷ
˵Ҳһӵܣ˴ģΪͶһ£ûìܡ
ڷɻĿףǱ¼С
λףͷȻҪ֡
ֱ佫ѡ˵ǽɻͶ˼佫ǽĿףӦѡ
оΪϷĹк˲پЩ΢ʱҲЩˣϸɴֱ
˵˼ѾڹϣȻЩɢʱϵ˶΢΢һ
ֻ˶û뵽ǣչ׽Ļϣʱȴ˹
˼׼ȥˡ
ɫ˴볡Ĵӵˣʱ򣬱ںÿЩ
ԭѾ˾ϵĳǣΪϵһٶֿʼҡ


97 
˵Щ, ֪Ͻһƺ֮¯Ĺ飬ʱҲΪһٶЩԡ
ĻҪŶˮҲδһЩɣ
, յĹ, ҲõĶô
뵽, ʱ;û˴
ʹûвμо, ķΧ֮, ǸźһЩʱĹ, ѾЩ΢ˡ
ʹϿһһûЩ㱵Լ΢΢۽ǣȴ¶ʱʵ
òԭͼΪÿ, ΢ףǿŵ²˶ỳԱ
Ȼ֮, ԭֻռֵȴǱŴʱ, ԵЩˡ
Ѿ˹˵ģ¾, ڹʱ״̬ʱ, ҲЩ΢΢ļ١
ڵⷬģ, ¾ĴȥҡŹˡ
ԭ¼ҼλԼ˽һ, ˭֪Ÿǰͱ¾˻
ֻ΢, Ȼ˼ƽʱǰݣд档
Ȼڱ¾ʱЩ£ڷ¾Ҫסʱ, ˲¾롣
úЦͬʱȴҲ˳¾˼ûз
󣬹ҲֻüݲͬλĴԼ¼Ҽλӵ𣬱¾˴
ѵƷݣҲ͸˳ԼĴԷ˸١
ٰ߳칬Ĵ󣬸ɴ㽫Լѹ¾ϣʼ˷ſա
¾ǼΪƢضԹⷬٶյȫգˣֱۻ΢΢ù鿿һЩ
ôҲû뵽
Լһſգ㽫Լϵϣι¾С
ȵعʱѾǻصԣݽ¾İΧȦ֮ʱ
ү
¾ĶԴһ˿ɻѯʡ
ϵľȻô
ôǵøո¾Ҳûٺȣ
ھȻ£
ڹʲôôˣ
¾жǵû˿ͣЪб䱾ơ
ϡ
ϢƬ̣ƾ΢΢ʼͷ˼óٶ˲٣˼Ƭ̣޹¾Ͷȥһִ޹
鷴Ӧٶۣ¾ɻ
ⷬ¾΢΢ڹĶߵţ
ÿģ
ȻǧãҲֺ
ɫѩɫ֮䣬ǵ־ɫ
Լ˵Ļôˣţ
¾ͷ֣ԼϲҲԼЩղܡ
صѹ͵ɤԵøӵˣͬĺҡ
ԭ㱻ƾԵЩٶ۵ĴԴʱɥʧ˼ֻƾĵΨһһ˿һ䣺
ճϦȥ밲
Ȼһ仰Ҳʧ¾ϵĴ֮䣺
ģзִ硣
󣬹Լͬǲ׳ĴϺеһҶСۣʱʱӿ˻ںϳѡ
ÿԼᱻӿ˻Ĵ֮ʱƺֹƽ
һʱһ˳ӿ˹
鲻òƶ棬˳󺣵
סС۵ȨʱʱѾ
˵ڶ죬ѾЩˡ
¾˵зִ磬ȷǼзִ硣
ʹһ޲ýڽԼѪģ׼зִ磬ûùٴ»ڶʱΡ
Ȼʱȴһ⣺
үأ
ʱ򣬹㷢ַֻһˡ
ʱ鲢û⣬Ͼ¾ϢͱҪ࣬ƽҲûгֹǰ𴲳
Ѿϴˣ¾ȻûлЩˡ
һʵĻشҲ֤ʵ˹е뷨
Ļүȥˡ
лĶ˶١
ǿ˹еɻʽһ
ǵģîʱûбˣ˵ǻϼ٣үȥˡ
˵¹룬ּһ䣺
˵λԼҲյټ
λӺʹ󳼶յټĲ΢΢˵ء
Ȼǵټ㲻ǳϣ
Ƕڽս밲֮£үа𣿡
үʱˣʱδظ밲֮±ݻ
ʵչأʹ¾ڣҲӦʱ밲
ΪȻ¾ӡ
Ƕһ˽󹬸ʹ밲л
ŮӶĹأԹ˵㲻̫á
ԴҲ˿е⣬΢΢˵ͷ
У֪ˡ
Ȼ밲֮ݻɴ¾δظʱĿ϶¸һ
ΪǰЩ¾Ĺϵյ˲ٴ󳼸
ЩΰţҪλ񣬶Ҫ
һ¾ظ֮󣬽밲֮
ʱҪԼеĸλǴҲҪһ
֮⣬˳ϦҪź˱Ϻͼϲ졣
ȻѣҪҲҪһʱ䡣
ԭΪȻ¾˵˵ȵظ֮ȥʹ밲Ӧõ˶೤ʱ䡣
Ȼûǣһȣֱӵȵʱ
ۼŵʱ䶼ˣϵķҲ顣
վһԵ̲סѹ˹Σù˵
¾Ŵ˪˽
ע⵽ſڵĶæ¾ȥ
үôڲŻ
վǱ𶯡
Ȼǰ㱻¾ֹסˡ
ֻ¾ֽϻѩĴ멣ݵֹУǰߵ˹ԣ
ڹ븸£Щʱ
仰Ÿ˵꣬¾Ѿ˴ʱϣ˿δķˡ
üͷ΢΢££
ôûţ
⻰꣬¾ʵѾ˴𰸣ǼٳûлظԲûš
¾ɫ̫ãæ¶һΪɵЦݣ
ȻΪүظүһͬš
´صȱһ𡣡
¾ǲͬ
ʳϽ˾֪¡
Ƕʳľϸ̶ȣͬŵʱ䡣
ƽֻҪ˵㣬е½չΣ鶼ùټԴӹƼ֮ʳ׼ʱࡣ
㣬ĹѾùˡ
Ҳ֪¾ⲻǲ飬Щص˵ͷ
֪үոûлҲǴ
㲻˵ġ
¾ɫȻÿһЩֱӽ˲ǰ¾ȶʢһŵ˹ǰ
Űɡ
ԭ黹¾Ͻ賿¾ҴҽȥΪʲô¡
¾һͣ˵ģջѡ񽫵ߵĻ˻ȥųĬ
¾Ȼŭ鲻ʱŵΪȴҲ˼ŹϲãģԵĲʳ
齫еķ˳Թһ֮¾ɫԺÿЩֻеĶҲû˿ͣЪ
ֹһյĹ򣬹Էٶ
ԼлʣһСʳʱЩΪ
үҼô࣬ҶԲˡ
Ժˣ¾üͷ΢ҲȹشֱڹĶһѡ
⧲֮£ΪոձЩ΢΢Сֱӱ˸š

ôͻȻͿʼֶţ
Ȼ¾ĶȴѸ٣ȹ˵Ѿ˻
һģ·ֻȷǷԱƵġ
ԭ˵ʲô¾һˮĲ֮£ջʲôҲû˵
ȻԵƵġ
ֻܶһ˫΢΢Ķ䣬¾ذʰԼµ̯ӡ
¾ոͻȻľٶӵĹ鲢ûз֣Ӹոտʼһֱһ£Ŀ˫һߺ󣬴ǲ
ƽ֮¾ҲѾš
ʱ򣬹лᣬʳеɻ
ջϴҴүǷʲô£


98 
ἰջϼ֮, ¾֪뵽ʲôɫ΢΢Щѿ
һº󣬲Żڣ
ǱߴϢ, ܳѩ, ̫á
ϼ, ֽ೯, ˼, ȫֵϦҪ֪Ƿʲô¡
¾ظ֮ǰ, ˲ٿԡ
ģǱ߹ϳʲôʣ¾Ҫ
ٶ, Ҳû뵽õһȫȻ֮Ĵ𰸡
ѩ֣ܳǣ
ظĸֵʱ򣬹ֻʣ֣ף
ڹΪʲôķӦ, ⻹ôܳǵĵλÿʼ˵
ڳжЩϾʱᾭһЩʷҰʷԼ־顣
ͬʱҲĵͼйһо
ϹСӵļԼЩ鼮, ʱ㷢, ʷԼ뻪м֮
ٸ, ƽʱ, ôڵϵλ, ͬһλڱ
׶, 뻪ĵ׶ǣڵλϸǸ߶ص˵ơ
¾ոᵽ, ѩֵܳǣλھǵϷ
֮УиСѧѧҲ֪һʶ
ϱԣϷѩ
ЩϷĳУһ굽ͷҲһСѩ
ڻģĳЩλϵĳУƮѩϲһ΢ѡ
ɴ˿ɼܳǵĺ̶ԼѩôҲ뾩ء
ǰЩྩһνѩʱ򣬹㷢ˣĳѩٵıȻĸһЩ
ϹСӵļ㲻ѷ֣ûе뽵ѩʱ
֮£ྩû
ѩྩԱĳûѩλྩϷĳгѩ֡
⻰Ǵ¾Ŀ˵ģΪԼ췽ҹ̷
ǵģܳǡ
¾΢΢ͷֱӸոյõϢͬһ顣
˵Ķһ
ٴӲѩĵҲѩ
ԭڶѩĳУѩҲࡣ
ܳȻλھϷ򣬵뾩ľʵԶ뾩Ҳвơ
ܳ궬Сѩֻǽ꣬Сѩ˴ѩ
뾩Լÿ궼ٴѩ˼ӹ̴ķݲͬ
ܳǲٰյķݣ̫ܿסĻѩ
֮⣬ܳл൱һְգסéݡ
ڷֽ궬Ӻʱ򣬳͢Ѿط˾ʾùٸ߾衣
Ҳ֪ܳǵĹԱǰûнٸľʾϡ
ճеõϢʱܳǵѩѾΪˡ
ܳڳǷݱȽϼ̵ĵطȶ
ǰϢ˵ڽԼ֮УЩסéݵĴӣ˵ʮһ
ĶգԺݺãûеůʱ򣬹ŵʱڷŹ˸̿ȡů
ʹܳǲ䣬ûзݣ֪ЩжѰ
ֻ¾תԺбѾˡ
ݱʧȥ˷ݶ޴ܺİնûͦ˳⡣
ƽûʲô¾˵ʱҲѿࡣ
ôҲû뵽ԼȻôƵ£
ˣܳǵ֪أûиЩհס𣿡
˻һԭɫͲõ
¾ѿ֡
ʹ¾ûлش𣬵ӦҲĴ𰸣
ڳ͢ѾԤ£ܳǵĹٸܹûѩѹյķݣڳ֮ͬûκηӦ
ûиհסû֯ݡ
ˣⳡѩİղ
Ǳ֮ˣǽʱǵġ
ʱ
ʵ˵îʱϱ㽫¾ٽ˹С
ʱ䣬ڵ֪Ϣ֮󣬻һҲûе󣬱㽫˹ȥ
¹С£żҲ֮С
¾ĻҲ֤ʵ˹еⷬ뷨
ʵõϢŭ㼱˱λӣԼλ󳼽顣
Ľأ
îʱڣѾȥ˽ĸʱˡ
ô˽ôã£ҲӦ˽
ʰˣ̳ǰ֣ܳйصһӦԱֽ֮Ѻؾá
˭ȥ֣
¾֪ˣǰȥֵˣ¾
¾ܿ˹𰸣
ѡ˶뻧ɡ
һֵѡ֪ȷʵûʲôϵˡ
ǶӣǻɣǴɵˡ
ڸѡѡʱ㼫ټ֣ƺҲöǰҲûйȡ
һ˼ģ¾ɽһ
һ֪¾ˣ
һٲҪ֣ǴӵˣүȥǺ£ȥˣ»ð졣
ǳǳ¾һ֪ܳǵ²ð졣
ȥֵܹ
ãǲܣٲҪһٹ䡣
¾ȥˣ£ʹӼֱ̫ˡ
Ȩͬʱȫûз˵仰ʱ¾˲һ˿ɡ
ڹʵֵѡʱ¾бЩ
Ͼ¶һ֪һĴʱȴûȡ֡
ǰ¾ھбٽʿ˽Լӡ
ʱҫЩʱǱԹ
ЩԹ֮УģǽʿеǽʿŬ
о۱ǡ㿴һͬ˭˭˭ѾǧŬôЩ꣬ôǸСӳ
бǡһ첻˼ȡҿô죡
¾Щ¹Ҳ˵һ䡰ôδȡһ£үȴûУ
¾治֪Լ
Щ߰뷨ȻҲʹһЩ
¾ɫ죬ΪûȡεĲЩ죺
үض룬һ£ӦԼĿҽѾ̫ͷ͵һʱҲá
¾뵽ԼȻĺ£
ûȡ£ϲ˿첻˵ο
ʱϲ̵ص˵ͷ
˵֪ˡ
ɲ֪¾Щʲôɫ˲٣һ£
ǽջҪ򸸻Իʹ밲ô
ҹ︸ʱûôϢ빬֮ʱѾƣ̬Ѿ˽յ밲һͬȥһ˻ʹбˡ
Ľ鲢⡣
ջϵԸ񣬷ܳ£궼ˣ

ֻǽʱ򣬹Ҳûǽϵһϡ
ȻҪȥﻹҪ͵ġ
Ҳ֪ǲΪܳѩֵԵʣνʱܹоеķΧá
ʹûù¾ڹжյĹ򣬱˽ڽ˸ˡ
¾ͶԻʹƽƽԴ˵Ҳ˿⣬˳Żʹ˼Ź˹
뿪֮ʱʶ޹ķһۡ
ʱΪ˲ٺϵ޹ȻҲ⡣
ԶԶȥȫһŵƽʵϲģ
ջԼĿ⣬΢΢̾˿
꣬²ùˡ


99 
ܳѩֵʾⱻȫȨ, û˶Ĺϵ
Ϊϵţ¾ܶԴ¹Ĺϵ˹Ƚ
Ȼ, úùꡣ
ǹĵһϦҹ, ͬʱҲǽʮ, һβǵһ˹ꡣ
ڻ˵ԣ·ǧ䣬Ѿڽ˹Ѫ
ٶ, ˶ֻ, , Ի˵⡣
ÿ˵ʽС
ʹĩ, ʹѵһ, ڳϦҹʱ, ֻǶһ, ҴҲΪףһͬʱܹĺһЩ
ĩٿʼʵͲ̫ѡ
˼ӵͳҵͬӵԼĳгԼ̳ǡ
ʷ棬ȱ
Ȼ, ֵµ׻һĹ, ܣͬҲܻסƽ
֮⣬ҲѣСһ𳤴ǱѰ໥, ڱ˴֮ʱѩ̿
ĺùɲڸǹʮĹ¶
Ͼĵ£ĺѣˡ
Ѱʱʲôһڣ֮Ĳ˳
رÿ꣬˶ԼļͥҪͬԼļһȹӡ
ƫƫĸĸĩ֮ǰѾ뿪Ļ磬ֱĩҲûл
ĩʮʹδѰȴҲûеõĸ˿Ϣ
˼ҵˡ˼֮ʣʲôꣿ
ˡ
͸˵ˣǰ˽ʮͷĩǰȻͶͱģ
ȴûһϹġ
һɵҲԸ͵ģȻûнκһ
ʮûһͬ꣬鶼ܾˡ
ϾڹһǸϣͼһȹ
ʹ˵ļ˲£˼ͥڲȣƺԵ¼ҹΪ¶
һ˶ȹʮĳϦ
Ϊˣڹ˵Żر
ϾǶһˡ
뵽ûסԼ
ǡʱ¾ҲƵ̧ͷǡñ˹
ôˣ
ûʲô΢΢ЦЦ룬ܹүá
еһ飬Ǽɫ⡣
ҲԼǱ¾һȫ
ʱദ¾ܹĵطѾֻһˡ
ΪͻĸףֻΪʱרע
¾Ķһ˿죺
ôͻȻ˵ֻ
ʹѾôã֮Ĳģһ顣
¾ǻڹ벻ʱΪķӦ
ԭΪϱʱһƳ˼ʱΪ¾ʱķӦɢ˸һɶ
Ȼǿү鲻Խ
¾ԭЩ΢΢Ķɫƺּ˲١
ƫƫϻװһģ
ţ֪ˣ
¾ֱ˸ڣ׼뿪
Ѿ¾õˡ
ÿõزѣֲ֪ηӦʱ¾ϲҽڿ
ƫƫּΪϲ¾ÿ黰һ˽ȴ˫ͨģ̲סҪſ
Ū
⼸⵹˼Ĭ
һΣ̫һ
Ϊߵſ֮ʱ¾ͣ˲
жԴ˸еɻ֮ʱſڴ¾ͳȴЩƮ
룬Ǳ˼
ܹ飬ͬ¾ˡ
ʶ¾˻ĺ֮ʱǰҲֻʣ¾ҴȥıӰ
˵ֱָ¶Ļһ书ǿ£ѵЩҡ
ʹԶҲܹͨ˫
¾ʧҰ󣬹ŻջԼĿ⣬ɵЦţ
ϣô¾ɰˣ
ԭֻΪõ뿪Ժ¾ʱȻûԶ
ֻڸڹ˹䡣
¾ƽ﹫·æ㣬ڸйĻᡣ
һ䣬¾ͻȻ֣Լǰƺ˲Сı仯
¾ļУԼĸۡʵЩġ
ʵܸۡЩɵĻԼ̨ͤ¥Ѱյķݡ
ǰӱû¾Ķ߶߶Լĸۡװһ¾ȴûзڹϡ
Ͼ¾˵ֻϢĵط񣬲Ҫ
ڣ¾̧ۣܿԼĸۡж˲ǰûװΡ
ԭԺǽϣʱЩڵ
вֻɰˣЩԼ
ֵʲôȴܹ󵽣ȵ֮ʱ֮󣬻һ
֮⣬ԭտͥԺУ˼ƬС԰ԭһĺԺҲڳһС
Щ˼˵ԭ̫һЩ

ǻش
Ժʱ򣬹ͬ¾ἰ˵ĵطҲһЩĶ
ʱ¾ҲûӦˣϾ֮⣬Ҳͬˡ
ֻ¾û뵽еġĶ˴ı仯
ǰżЩİĸۡ¾ͻȻһİȴ
ѹھеʱƽƢˣֻҪһᵽԼҷˣܻࡣ
ʱ¾ЩǳڶŮ鳤
ֻҪһ뵽飬¾ʱܹЩʿǵˡ
̧ŲԶƬųϽı棬¾ͻȻ飬ֻһңʲôҲҲǺõġ
뵽¾Ҫ뷨ôҲѹȥûж룬ֱתԺķ˹ȥ
¾صԺ֮󣬻ûţѾԼ
ôŪˣȷţǱˮ˹ɣ
ڶŶˣһ¹׼ɢ

ʹδʱı飬¾Ҳܴ΢һ˿ΣȴڸǲסеϲõУ뵽ʱı顣
֮󣬹Ȼ˹Цǰӵģ
˰ӵԼƤֹ˴ʱҲվԣһ⣬һƤ
үˣ
ſڵĶ̧ͷЦδ䣺
ү㿴ֹǱֱŵģӶѧᣡ
ôԼˣ
¾ǰߵ˹ߡ
΢΢ɨһִۣʱҲŰڷѾõĽӣǲſʼ
ûá
ʮĽӣȻҪԼŸ塣
Цеؿ¾
ʵϱϰˡ
˼ҼҴҵ󣬹ĸĸʹм飬ҲΪæܾ顣
ⷱæʱһһ˼档
ĸĸԼ
۶෱æϦҹҪһ
˺Ϊ˴֮ĸ飬ڳϦҹԼְӳԡ
ĸĸԳԺţСνʮָմˮ£ȻҲû
꣬һڰӵʱǻһЩ⣬ĽҲ㲻Ϻÿ
Щ㲻ϺÿĽӣȴܸǴӶ˰Ľܴů
ϰߣҲһֱ
ʹĩ֮󣬸ĸѶҲϰ
ոʽĽʲôڶʱ򣬹ʽϺͽƤ˹ҪԼ
ڼ¾Ҳֱѯʣ
үҪһô
¾ɨһۣͣ˹Цݵϣ΢΢˵ͷ
á


100 
¾ŵͷ, ϵЦ֡
ȵ¾ϴֺ󣬹ֱӽԼߣֱһƤŵ¾У
үҽ, ȰѽƤ̯, ȻһͭǮСϽȥ, ڽƤıմˮ
¾еǿƤ¾֮ľ˵Ǽ
¾ܹܵ˵֮ʱڱǼһ, ܿŨܶ˳Ľë
Źϸ޳ָԼĵĽƤϷɵģ, ¾ѵЩ
һ, һӾͰˣ
ȵ¾عʱ򣬹ѾջԼָ, ֻ¾һõ, ԲĽӡ
үѧô
¾һֱͷŽӲ˵, ̲סѯʡ
¾ոյĿһֱڹ, ȫûпĶôѧ
¾СϻۣʹѧϱȲĻӣҲӽһ飬ȴһҲûѧ
ʱЩ޴룺
̫ᡣ
û, ոֹҲѧ˺һûѧ, ٽүһκˡ
𰸵˿Ҳ⣬˵¾ķһƤ
˸ոյľ¾æϢעŹĶ
һ򣬹¾ģһԲĽӡ
үҪԼһԣ
á
¾΢΢ͷ, ѧŹĶһƤԼġ
ִмȡһͭǮСڷڽƤ룬΢΢պȡһˮͿĨڽƤıء
Ƥں£
¾ոտϸȻҲס˹ж
¾ôҲû뵽⿴Ƽ򵥵ļ裬
ʵûеô򵥡
ǰ漸赹ҲãƤʱ¾ԼûƤ㱻ˡ
ѾƳĽӣ¾ûзӦѾһԹ
ѽүƤһ㣡
֣ǸĽӴ˹һƤУ¾˵Ľӽвȡ
¾ûпĶ㷢ڹָɼ䣬һĽӱ㱻޲ˡ
һϸƺһֻŵġ¹
һ¾Ǳһ£æջԼĿ⡣
ǿԼĵֻС¹ص˵ͷ
û뵽ϱѧļܣȻõط
ĩʮÿϦԼӣʱˣЩġ
һϦҹżȻ鷿зһ飬ɴķѧһЩ
ֻģӡһĻ
¹黹ǵһû뵽ЧȻ
ĵƬ֮󣬹ŽеֻС¹ϵ
̧۱㷢¾Ķⲻ֪ʲôʱһ糺ɫ
΢΢ֻûпһƤ¾У
үԣ
š
¾ӦһֿʼظһոյĶ
̧ȡڵʱɨеֻС¹еĶ΢΢ͣ١
Ϊ˱ԼƤ֮󣬹һֻС¹һ¾еĶСġ
һʱûнƤϡ
ںϵĽɢ֮һΣŽϡ
֮¾ŷ֣ԼĽӣЩ

ǰ̵Ĳ裬һһġ
ĽӣƤڶ࣬Բģһ̬ģ
ԼӣȻҲ٣ôôñŤ
ŵĽԱߣԱ˲
Ľȣ¾Ľӣ˵Ҳ֡
һ¾ɫ˲ֱ׼ԼĽÿ
˭̧֪֣㱻һԲͼĹ
үѾĺܺˣҵһΰĽӣүء
¾еĶ΢΢ͣ٣ƺЩţ
ô
Ȼʲôʱƭү
æ˵ͷϵı鲻α
¾ŷģȻɶԼ治⣬Ҳû˸ոҪʬ𼣵顣
û¾зһƤ
үĽӻÿࡣ
һ¾û˵ֻĬĬּ̧ȡϣģһ׼úϰðԼһƯĽӡ
ŵͷŽӵ£΢΢ЦЦ
һΰӵʱ򣬲Ÿո£ǲҪԼү֪ĺá
ò˵ѧϰʲô˸ӿһЩ
ĸӵĹ¾ĽѾģˡ
Ȼɲĺÿ˰ȣҲ㡣
¾ѾˣһƤУӡ
棬˰ĽҲʼģ
ڼ黹¾ע⣬˺üֻС¹ӳ
ΪС¹Щˣ¾ץ˸ţ¾𾪵Ŀ֮УֹͣΣյĲ

һӣЧʶʱ˲٣һĹֻʣһƤ
¾ֽǿƤ˹ֹ
ү
¾ɻʱ򣬱㿴齫ϷǿƤмûнƤվһԵİ
ҸոϴһöͭǮأ
ء
æһԶһСӷŵ˹ǰǵУǡɷһöͭǮ
ֱ֣öͭǮнƤ棺
ͭǮвͷݴţ˭ҪܹԵöͭǮܲԴһ˳
ԭɻ˷Եɵ¾Ȼͬʱһʣ
ȻˣΪʲôֻһ
ȻŲͷĽӣǸã
ȻΪ˲̫̰ġ
鴽΢΢˹аͭǮĽӷ֮У
ϡΪ󣬰ĶˣͭǮ㲻ϡˣôֳܹԵͭǮ˵ˣ
˵
¾΢΢˵ͷվһԵʹһɫ
ȻԵͭǮȵܹԴһ˳ϸóвǡ
վһԵᵽ¾ʱⷬ˼󣬾Ȼү´һҲ⣺
ϾԴӴ֮үԽԽǰСӢ̣Ů鳤ˡ
ƽûΪأ׻ӶѣҲʲôϡ¡
ǡѾ쵽ŵʱˣʱֱӽȥ˳
˰ĽҲͰˣ¾ְĽӣ򲻸Զõġ
˰Ľӣ»ص˵Ĳϡ
ϦҹĽӣΪһͷࡣ
ȵ
һ˵УҲֻ߰˸
¾ȫǽӲͬ⡣
ʣµģȫС¹
¾̧ʱǡɿ齫һֱС¹ӷŽģ
ĳ¾ֻüһæҲһֻҧһڡ
˭֪սƤҧƣ㷢ֻӵĿڸв̫ԣݼƺһӲ
콫³ȻǹöͭǮ
öͭǮ¾΢΢Щ⣺
öӣӦ
¾ףһԼף
үǸõˣԵöͭǮү궨һ˳ƽƽ
̧ۿŹ麬Цģ¾뵽˸ոˮ֮ʱԼƺÿֻﵹһµĻ棬ʲôף
Ҳ룬㽫Ӽʣµǰֻӵݵ˹Ĵߣ
Ҳһ˳ƽƽ
㶣콫ǰֻӳ£
ү˵Ķԡ


101 
ڽ֮ǰ, ֪ԼȻôһױˡ
ǰӣо, Źһʱ, ֻҪһ뵽ǰ, Ǳ̲סʼ
Ȼ˹֮⣬ʱеǵ, ͬá
Ͼǰ, Ŵ쵽˴
¾ƽʱ㲻ôź, ҹǳϦŹ, ֱӸ˷һ̼, ǺúϢһ
յ˺, ʱؾһ佻أ
õ˶٣
أأ
ҲտʱһΪôأһ, ٺ١
㣡⻰ðɣ
ȷûãϸ˹ܼ˵ȱˣŰҵ˹ôģ
ӱΪôˣĻʲô
ǣ֪Ǯ鳤յ˶أ
㣡Ǯ鳤ʲôܹǿأ
ô󷽣ȥҲиͬе, ôû
ȥ굱Ȼûе, ֮󣬲еĴСӣɱͬöˣ
֮󣿡
һ˵飬еǾǱ˻ϻӡ
һһؿʼͬ½˵˹ֺô
԰㲻֪ɴˣԴ֮, ǵǰһأ
⻹ֹһˣӦ֪ݶĹذɣڱ𴦿ûеģҲ֮󣬲ŶĹأ
ԶԶԣ
ÿԼյĹǮҲµĹأ
ֹأǰ㲻һ飬Ȼܲˣʱܻٸͭ壬㻹ǵðɣ
ҲµĹأ
µĹأ
һΪԭеĹء
үǰôأôܷ˼Щأ
ô󷽣үͲ
ʲôү˵ˣԺһˣƾ
ǿ˭֪⾩׬ǮļӣĲҵ
ǹ԰Ӻ¸۾Ͳ˵˰ɣ㿴Ȼӣмеϡôܸɣү˶
㲻Ϊÿθĺô󷽰ɣ
ѵ𣿡
ȻˣǳϦһһأ
ܸոҲ˵ˣǮ۵ĺ滹ǵս
սʲô
˼һΪˣǶǵĲ
Ż˼Ժÿ꣬Ƕõսˣ
ҾͲ֪ˣܵȷô˵ģ
ϣԺܹһֱе
˭أ˵֪ڳǸ鳤ɣ
˵ǸȽŲ̫Ǹɣô֪˵ǸүһͬϹսģҲǸʱ򻵵ģ
϶Ҳ֪ԭ˵˸ϱΪȻˣͲ˵¶ɣ
ȷԼһЩ˵ϱǼȻԺ󲻺ǮˣԸѹŮ޸
֪¶ô
˵ǳ¾Ͱ¶
ûϸ˵˵
⻹ô֮µĹ˵ЩүһϹսëĲС鳤
Ҫ֪С鳤ɱǶһأټڶĽ𡭡
˻ô˵еЩС鳤ĹǮǷھﶼͷһˣ
ɲֵĹǮˣȻҲ˳ˣ˵С鳤ǰδ޼֪ڵǮ֮󣬻ڵóӶˣ
Ҳڣ˵С鳤ˣµԱƽʱʡһЩ꣬Ҳ˵һϱˣ
ǣһлǵøл
ɲ룬˭󷽵ģ

йز٣رڹ֮󣬸Ĺ涨ȫ档
ҪǷѰʱЩǶ϶ϲĻġ
ϾǷ˵ĺû˽ӣǴɡ
쵽Щ⡣
ϦҹֲŸոյõôһƲסеϲãҲ֮顣
ǣ˻Ҳ˵䣬еİҲ̲סġ
ȻΪѡ·ʱУѾˡ
ٻȥĵ뷨
˵ˣԼҲġ
֪յչĺԼˮʱеĸܡ
۵˶ˣȻҲӲֹʵĶ䡣
ʲô
ֹüģҲֱӳ
ֹһۣ
ûʲô

Ȼˣ书ֲ
ү֮ѡڸд񣬻Ϊֹ˼ϸ塣
Ȼˣʲô
ȻȥôЩһү۵
㿴ⲻû˼ˣ
ҡͷЦЦֱֹֽ갴λϣ
û˵ʲôõĻҴģ˷żˣȥɨˡ
ɡֹüͷ΢΢壬ƺǲ̫ͬʵĻ
ʲôɣ
ûֹ꽫˵ֱ꣬ӽϣ
żҲύү¶֮顣
һǡ
ֹ껹뷴Ȼȴ˿ᣬֽһ䣺
Ҳ˵ˣˮ㣬ЩʱҪѹؿ̫
仰ֹûˡ
˿ƶ˶ĹأΪһΪӹصˡ
ֹҲõġ
ദԽԽ࣬˱㷢֣ʵȫ
ЩʱȷʮعأǶîî
Щʱ򣬼ʹֵµΥ棬ȴѡһֻ۱һֻۡ
ʱʻԴʡ
˵Ȼ˹أΪʲôֵûп
ʱĻشˮ㣬ģǻġ
е¶áءֽ俨ǾͲ˵ˡ
еĹ֮ΪƣڹʱϢƬ£Ͳع׷ˡ
Ǹʱʱ֪ˡ
ǵź˭˽ʵȴ˭
֮ȣֹ꣬ʱүߣ۾
಻һɳӡ
ֹüͷ΢΢¡Ȱһ䣺
ˣҪÿۣŵôҲһġ
ǡʱԺǽִһƿյ
ݡ
̧ͷ
ȿ̻ɡ
顪
ʻ䣬ҹбһѤõĻŶڵҹĻУԵø⻪Ŀ
ȻѤõֻ̻ת˲ţŵһ̻ţԺǽƿͻȻӶ
еĻҲԽԽ࣬һ̻Ŷʱҹա
ǰĳֹ굽׻ǽʵĽ飺
Ϧ֮ҹȻѾ˼٣Ǳȸһô򣬱ŵպˡ
ͬʱҲͬһƺƴ̻㡣
ŹЦݵҹյģ¾Ҳ̧ͷϿ˿
ϲ
š
΢΢ͷȻ࣬ɫͷ׵̻ȣʱҹе̻ࡣ
ڹУǺÿġ
Ϊһ̻˲ͬ˰ɣ
¾֪룬ĬƬ̺Ὺڣ
յ̻ʵ㲻ÿġ
ţбÿģ
ͷ¾
Ԫ֮ʱ͢ھȼר̻ʱҹա
¾΢΢ͷ˵֮΢ͣһ£ֽһ䣺
ժ¥ɽ̻۵ףϲʱǰ͡
ܾ˵仰ʱ¾Щ΢΢Ľš
ԭΪԼĴȻǡʱҹһ̻ţ⣬ؿ¾΢΢˫
ʱ򣬹
ȻӦ
Ԫֱ֮Ϊ˽ڣǻԹеĴͳҲͬ˵
Ԫ֮ʱٰԪƻᣬʱҲѵȡ
ˣӹŮҲһ죬ѵñϽֲμӵƻᡣˣԪһ죬Ҳһ۱ˡ
ǷޣһͬμԪƻҲᱻΪ޶
¾ոᵽժ¥ҲͬΪ֮ء
ഫժ¥һͬۿԪ̻ܵõϵף˴˶һͷϡ
¾˵ģ²ʱȥժ¥ۿԪ̻
ˣһɧ
뵽ЩʧЦ¾Դһ˿ĿУ˿ڣ
һ˶ǰδȤ֪үʱԸһȥ
ܹо£¾϶ʱ˲١
󣬱¾Ĵѵ䣺
вӦĵԸġ


102 
ò˵, ƽʱܰһˣһЦɱǳʼα
ԭ㼫¾һ, ڸǲʧѵõЦ֮С
¾Ц, ҲùͻȻԪĵƻ, ڴ
ٴνĿҹе̻ʱĴҲһôҲƽĻȡ
Ϧ֮ҹ˼Ҷȼ̻, һ, ҹе̻ҲһֱûͣЪ
ǰһ̻ոĻ, һϡ
̻ʧоһ˿
ϱӹΪԭ, Ϣ㼫Ϊɡ
ᵽ֮, ҹȲ, Ϣʱǰ˲١
ʱ, Ѿ˹ѰЪϢĵˡ
͹鲻֪ڼǿԼѣǿ۾¾̲סˣ
˱Ъ°ɡ
УϦҹҪ, Ҳܾ, Ъˣүô죿
ھо첻ЪϢҲеģӲ
¾΢΢һ˿ۣ˵ҪֱӴŹȥϢ
Ȼִһ㲻¾˵ʲôҲͬ⡣
ʵǹһ, ڿѾͷ˯ˡ
ǰҲͷ
ڿ¾ӣ׼֣ʮ¶Ĺ飬ô¾һ˶ꣿ
¾ֲ飬׻˼
ڿһǿ۾ѾҪ֮¾̲סˣ
ȻԸллǱЩɡ
ţ
˴ԵĹʱӦٶۼˣؿ
¾һеĺ壺
ʲô
䣬Լڿն
ͻʧظУùʶס¾ļ򣬻ȹԼʱĴоԼһůĵط
ʶ˲ůıӣƤº£ۼϱҪ˯ȴ˯ǰһ̣ͻȻ˹
¾ǰֱӶ˴ϣ
ʶһ㣬ʱ˲٣׼𴲡
ȻŸոֱӣо˼϶һ
˳ůıѣ󣬱㿴¾Ӱ
ʱ򣬹ƺЩף¾ոյһ仰ʲô˼ˣ
Ȼ飬¾ѾԹԵеĶ

һϦҹҲ֪ûɹ
ȴ֪ܹٸһᣬһپܾ¾һ٣ٶҪȥϢ顣
Ϊڶ죬һʱѾ͡
ǹ»ڶ֮⣬һ졣
ү˵ҹ꣬ϢصطԸūţūǴϢ
ѯΪβ𴲵ʱ򣬰شġ
ŵĹĶŵض˶٣Ҳ΢΢Ⱦһ˿ϼ
ꡭ
ÿ¾˵ĳڣ
ǽ
ȻЩȻǲͬ˵ġ
΢΢ѹĵ׵üѯ¾ȥ
îʱү빬ˡ
ôֽˣ
ʶüĹ涨ʮ壬ϣҲ⼸ݳ
¾
뿪֮ǰƺ֪ʣص䣺
Լү䣬ƺܳǵ¡
֪ˡ
кĶδͣԺȴѾʼٵת
ս˽빬˴£ֲ˳һֿʼϳ綼ˣ¾ûܳǵ£еĸһЩ
ֻ¾ûлҲ֪Ρֻȷ¡
¾Ϊܳǵ£ǰϰ࣬һˣҲûʲôݼٵ顣
ùֱ֮ӳţ׼ȥ翴
֮ȻȫȨ𣬵ڼ䣬Ҳʱ齻
ԶԱ֮£˵ָơ
·ڹҵλʵ㲻̫á
ȻĵַѡطȻĵ
·Ȼȴ뾩ѧڣνǾѧ·֮ء
ҲΪˣ·ϴīֽѧϰƷĵ̡
ڽѧӵҪȺձ˵λٺò
ڼϸպ·һҴԺӵĵ̳ۡ
̣νΪ˱죬ǰȻ󣬵ձȴǴ´ࡣ
ԺСȫձӡˢԼĹϢ칫
ҲΪ˵һ۱㿴˴˵ء
ҲȥһΣֳ󣬹Ҳòϣ۹Ϭ֮
Ժӣȷʮʺ챨硣
ûȵ磬ܹоձھоĲˡ
⻹ù鹦·Զһ·
ϲʱʱۡ
û߳Զ㷢ֽ˵Уǵġձ
ǵģھ˵ļ֮󣬹սձƣΪˡձ
ڷֵһšձ˺󣬹˼۲ϵˡ
Ǵһ·Բٵ̶˺ϲģνζʮ㡣
·ϵˣ
ǰн鷢֣Խ·ֳ֡ձ˱ԽԽࡣ
šձˣһģ
·ֻһֵλʱһЩڡձۡ
ֻ֮УЩۣҲС
ԼԼֻһЩձӡ׸ˡƾ١ʱ¡ȹؼۡ
ǶЩòУһ·ڽġձĳҲܴƶϳ
ձķУԤ֮еĸ˳
ǡʱҲһǰͣ㴫ʶͨ絽ˡ
յıֽѾ
ûˣողǻ𣿡
һݶˣ
ʲôط򵽣
طûģ
ջ𣿡
ⱨֽȻǽձȻǻеģֻⱨֽϵݣղһˡ
ǽյıֽ𣿡
ɣҪȥʾһ£ܲӡһЩΣ
˱ˣ

ûѾĶԻ
մģ́һ䡰ձֽ
Ѿһ֪ǻӦǽֽĿˡ
̧ۣ㷢ǻֱֽΧʻˡ
Ŵʱڵû򵽱ֽüͷ΢΢лһ˿⣺
һձӡˢݳͳƵĽһͬµġ
ǳиûյձֻжû٣ôҲӦûôû򵽡
ѵʲôطûпǵģ


103 
ڵ,ȷЩϡ
Ŵʱĵһһˣû˼ת,ֱԺӵĲȥ
ǰĻæĽŲմص,ȴ˿ûӰ쵽Ժ
ÿź,ʱѾӭ˳
£ӵģ
Ҳڣ
һ˿,ϵĲ˶١
صµĻ,˵Ȼѽһ˰׵,쵽ձһ췢еӣۿŷŲ,ʱչӱˡ
΢΢˸,ػشš
ò˵,ȷȼ֮,ûձոտǻֱ״ٳ
ִ֣ǶȻæң֪ΰ¡
˵䣬Ѿߵ칫ķ⡣
û,ͳɤ
ǱùһЩ,ӡһյıֽ
ţڱ㴫һԴһ˿Ϊѵ
ǹӣһ²
Ҳ˴𰸣
Ҳֻô࣬ǣռӡ,´ٷ;磡
ǣСȥǡ
󣬱һ˴˳ϵĶֱ̺㲻ѿڱµĻơ
ǻҲû뵽ῴ飬һǻعƵģ
Сļ¡
һʰֱע
ôˣ
үȥˣҲţŽչ
ǻƻ˻ֱ̧֣Žݡ
ĻشЦЦ
ȻԹش˿Ҳе⡣
ڰ칫ڿ˿ŽĿϡ
׼ȷ˵Ӧµϣ
ôõϰô
ѿʱŵΣѾǰһˡ
õΣǹ͸
ǰ¼һ˴ǮܹɽصضƵġ
Ȼǹɲɾһľԡ
ҪƶΣҪüϣ޴ʹ˵޷һǳѵ¡
ʲôҲûа취һֱƶΣʱҪ˵İ
һ̶ֳϣѶȡ
ڵһʱ򣬱㷢⡣
ʱбѾθһµ뷨жྫҲһ㣬ܹʹɲ
ǰЩЩСʱ򣬱˲ܹɽ
һʱо͸˷ϹҪΡ
ΪʱǡǸнʱ򣬹ֱӽ䵱֮һ͵СԺ
û뵽յȻѾˡ
ܺã֮ǰõǸ㲻١
ͷԼµΣ΢΢ЦЦ
ȻǲԼ߷㣬ڣʱʱ̸̿Լˡ
鵱ȻҲܿһįʱҲЩĬ
鵱ȻҲ֪ЩڵĹߣķ㡣
ڸ֮ǰҲѯʹľ뿴ܲ취ͨķʽһЩơ
óĽۣȴȫ⡣
ò˵ȷǸˣɲֱӲŵĽ׹ϡ
⻰ʱĵĸо㲻Ǻܺˡ
ףһǳеλá
Ǳһţһ̤Թ۶ġ
Ƿĩ֮ǰҲûκһҽԺұ֤׹ǷԹûк֢˵ҽƼʱ
ͨҲ֤ʵԼĲ²⡣
Ľףȷ̫á
ڴϿʲô𣬵ʵŽ棬ͷѾ׻ˡ
ǻϴ˴̫ҽԺ̫ҽǰΪΣⱣס
˵ʱ򣬱Щ˵ȥˡ
ĻҲҪٶʣбѾ˴𰸣
ǷĩϵԸʲô¡
ֻϧ룬ûߵĴڣԼʹ飬£Ҳ֪˵ЩʲôοŻá
Ѿʹ˳ϵįһ󣬱ת˻⣺
֪ʱɿǰԺĳձķУԤ˳࣬һձСʱǰѾˡ
ת˻⣬Ȼȥ΢΢ףֱʳеɻ
ǡͬ˵һձôȱôࣿ
ΪǶ͹ʦӰ
ڹ֮ǰѾ⣬ҲѾõ˴𰸡
ʶʣ
ˣ
öһձӡˢʱֻǵ˾еԼܹʶĶֵˣȴȫʦڰеĵλ
΢΢ͷԼ۲쵽ͬ˵һ
յıʦ£ƾϢϢصϢȥ󣬲ٲʶֵİҲһݡ
ȻͬʱҲԼĹ۵㣺
֮⣬ֽĶۿҲԭ֮һɣ
¶ۻ𣬵ȷˡ
ǮһݵıֽǵԵĵһݱֽҪõֽҲֹǮ
Щʶֵİգյıʦ£һݱֻֽҪǮҲ
׶ǰֱֽԲ˵Լʶ֣ⱨֽȫΪ۸
ֱ˵ǮôһֽǿǽҲһֲѡ
Ȼ֪ⱨֽȥˣȥ˱Խκεط
˵ǽֽҲ๵ġ
ЩֿűΪ˶ûձʧѧӣбһ˵ζ
ЩֽЩֲʶһˣôһЩ
뵽־᣺
ⱨֽۼһ᣿
ڵһֽۼʱǮһݼ۸ͣʹʥ϶ձأĹҲ֧Ų˶á
Ӧý۸һЩǮҲܹ֤
ʱԴձ֮Ȼ˻ȥ
һΣҲͬϴһûͬ飺
ֽļ۸ᡣ
ɡüͷ΢壬ѵóһ˿ͬ
֪ģպһ㣬ѧ򲻵ֽǲʶֵİջΪֽ۸Ȼط硭ǽ
˵֮һķӦбѾ˴𰸡
΢΢ЦЦûиĻᣬ¿ڣ
ȫĵģУҲֻǷǳСһ֡
Լеϸϸĥ˻ĺ塣
Ƭ޹ոɴ̧ۿ飺
Ϊƶ
һݱֽǮ۸ȷʮֵӱˣǵձÿշУһǮʮʮǮһ±һʮģӿ֪һʮǮζʲô
Ҳû룬ֱӸһˣʡ
˭֪ϵɻˣ
ζʲô
û뵽ԼѾѻ˵ôˣȻûס
ܿ죬뵽еԵɡ
ҲϱӴӳʼ˿кŽ׳ү
СӣͶѧУԼ൱ˡ
ĩ֮ǰ֪ϻһǮҲҪá
һǮͷѵ̲ˣܳ졣
¼ңѫ󣬶Ǯûиֱˡ
뵽ɴཫָһЩ
һѰ˼ңһʮģ㹻ȫʮճˡ
ȻԺǾȣȻǾЩš
ڿı֪⻰Ӧò١
ΪжټͥΪһݿıֽÿ츶ǮĶ⻨
СϻۣȻһʮľȻѰ˼ʮĻЩ˼飬ȴҲһʮĶ˼ҵĺ塣
ʱòϣǶԵġ
ıɶֽſڣ
˻ڿֽ¼ֹʵҲһ¡
ţ̧ۿŹ顣
ӼȻ֪һʮǮһͨ˼ҵĺ壬¼ÿչֽҲֻֽǽֻΪ˲˷һʮģҲںǽ֮ǰϼۡ
տϼۣտϼۣտϼۣĶˣֻѧһ֣ͬҲѧϰ
һֱΪ̶̳ܽȽϵͶģֽܹͨǱĬʶֻǶʶһ֣ǱҲձĳɹ
Щǹ鵱ڶ֮ʱǹ⡣
¾ܼ̳Ļλ˵¾Ҳûκλ·ڡ
ϱӶûлⱲӰڲ࣬ôûˣ
һһʮˡ
ȻĽɽһᱻ¾УǴڿʼС¹һ̫ƽʢΣ


104 
ǵһδӹⷬ,ȻҲǵһ֪齫ձļ۸񶨵˵ͣȻĺС
ϸϸƷζոյһŷ,ΪЩĿʶֽ֮ȥǽǱ뷨,жǳ,ж
Ҫ˵鵥ϵΣ֪ʱ˼ʲô
Ͼ,һҷʡ˼ˡ
һͬ˵ʲôǳĻ,æһڣ
ⷬ,ʵҲ̸ҵġ

עȻʱתƣæ̧ۿ,Ȼ֪˵ʲôĻ
鱾뷢֮,ȻҲûвҴŵĵ
˵,,¡ȻҲ־֮ˣҲϣܹԼܼķΧڣһЩౡ֮
˵⻰ʱ򣬹ʵ΢΢Щġ
Ͼ챨ĳʲôû˱
ʱѱһ䡰,¡ռ,ȻҲûע⵽һ
ͬϴǾ䡰콫˹Ҳͬһ仰֮ͬС
򵥵һ仰ȴ˵⻰֮˼ߵ˼ƷԼ
뵽콫˹ҲԺƺѾԼԼظֳһģ
㡢ǿ󡢲ݡԺģƺԼԼһЩ
ȻҲʱ㲻ٸ롣
ڽԵλҵ,θҶ̻
뵽˵Ȼź
źλ̸ź׶һĽ̵
ź󣬱һǿҵĿܹӵĸгһգܹԺ׼ȷؿ̻ģ
˵ʮ˽⣬һʱģµ룺
ּǹңǰһظĽһѾһЩձܽһ ϡ 
ͷ·ģڴлˡ
ѵûֱͬлɼ֮ԵĿ
֪֪ʵӣȻЩСϸڡ
˵Ļģ»ص˱ϡ
ڱ翪źûñˣڽշȻȹ
ԭŵȵ֮ȥһͬһ
ڹȻ˱磬϶Źᡣ
ֱӽԼʱּ˳ŵ˹ǰ
ҹձķУǷ˲⣬ȿ
鷭ּǣһķ˺ü顣
ڵһģǹڱֽĶ⡣
⣬ոѾ۹Ҵһ£ֱ
ڶ㣬ձӡˢǷҪӡ
ӽձӡˢҪһ˵
Ƭ֮󣬻ǾҲӡ
Ͼڲձеĵһգ˵¼ӳһ죬ҳ嶯ѿ⡣
һԺ
ȱҲͬһټӼӡһЩ
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Ů˽Уͼ۷ĸϣĳš
ողŹ˵ԹЩʱʵ˲٣ű㷢¶
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ϵС㱻߳ˣ˸³Ȼû˵Ķ䡣
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107 
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룬Ů޷ʧȥڷĸ,һӻҲ͵ͷˡ
ԭΪ˺Ȣ֮¼Ľͷöת˹޷ϢȻǾһ
ϸϸʹľ󣬳ﰵŮ޴ֲòΪı
ڹѾ,Ҳ,պȻҲʲô˼,ȻǱ߻ģ˳,š
ǿڹ,Ҳøؼ档
֮,ıҲ١
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ضŮ,ֻӣǲܼ޸£Ժɻʲô·
үضҲǺү׹Ⱑ,үǲҲضɣ
Ҳ֪СϾҪˣڲ֣Ҳûз˺үû˿ˣ

Լ谮ʮŮˣųͷģųһеĿߣ˺õ׻ĳ
᳣ﻹᵽ˼ϡ
Ȼˣȥһ󡣡
ԴԼ϶֮󣬳跹˼ģ˺ջǵͷ
뵽¾ǻɷģ˺ûûó׼
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лүضúүˡ
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ǺһУʱ㽫˺ƮƮȻ
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˺һ֪˺õĴʱһӦҲǹ˺÷ˡ
ҲֱӸ߹˺뷨ס
ʱι˺òȴǿһС
Թû˿øв˵ᵽʱ
ҹղףݹصʱ֪ʱǴһЩĳɷС
ڸ׺ͳȻɹΪ檣ֱǳ룡
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Զ裬Ƿֵġ
Ϊ˳ŮԼ׵ܵ£¹ȻǲԸ
˺úôҲǹĸףҪʲô£񷴶ҲûãֵòãһТͷ
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Ůұһ߻ӹھ˵һΪϡ¡
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˵ҲǣȻᷳҲǽεεŮңʵһЩ

һ仰ʱ˲ٹŮĸ͡
ЩŮǵУȻ˾ᣬԼƽҲǿϡ
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һ⣬лӵŮǣ̼ͬС㸺ɡ̼Сһ㣬¸ңΪΨһŮӡ
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ӽתƺ󣬱в˶ԹʾĽ
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ɲĽĹŮҲãùԦĹŮҲãʱжһӰӣ
պˣҲӦ޸ͬ㣬Գˣٴɫӡ
Ů¸зԼĹ۵㣬УŮ۵Цؿ
ү飬ͲԺ˸ҽŮ޸үΪ檣
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·硶˻ҳΪǰδС󣬸ĺҸ顷ȵȻ
һΪݹھףһֱû¸˵ġ檺תһñ
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дˣÿдµĻ黹ǰܽһȻ㽫ԭ鷿С
Ҫ֪ڹ԰еЩ硶̽¡ɽ۽Լ¼ȵȻɴûǰ˵еݡ
ǻԼʲô˼ĶԲս֮š
Լĵ׵ǵСĻ鲻˿ңֱӳ
Ȼүҵ˼үأ
ոձ˵ˣ檡
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ŮҲǸصģһΪұ֮ŮֱӶ˵Ȼ˳һǱʮ壡
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ϣдŮ֮ʱȷһЩ΢΢ĴУԲд˺ڡ
ڹŸոյõ¾檡ҹ̡ĳŵٿ⻰Щ飺
үҽ͡
Ʊˣ
¾ȴȫ᣺
һǱƽﲻŬ߰뷨ģ𣬱ӱŬףԼСף
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һʮ壿
檣ȻҲ̣
ʶ˵ľʣŷܳͬһֲˣǶôȻζ
ڻȻζţ

˵鿪ʼ˵һЩ֧Ľ֮ԣ˺Թ˲Ͼ
¾»֮ҹ˵Ķѵһ̣Ժֻʣһͷ
Եд˳ϲۣ


108 
,ûи¾ȥκӰ졣
ǹ˺ãΪе˺ôһûֱ˸Ƿ,˾֪
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ﱾΪ˺ϱҪȢ֮ںĺլٲά衣
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˺볣֮ĸΣȫڴʱҵĹĹķΧڡ
֪ڵĴʱ,ֻһЦ֮,ȫûзϡ
˵,иҪҪ
Щʱţܳ͢ǵҲԽԽ˽⡣
ԼҲѾӱ޵ִܳǡ
Ƕ̶̵ļ칦,˱㷢,еҪࡣ
ܳǰǵеĸӲȶ
뻧ɸյ,ܵĹӻˡ
ϸ,ƺҲܹ⡣
Ͼܳǵѩ,ΪܳǵĹԱΪ
ѩַ֮,ٸûоֲԼϵʧҲͰˣȻ²ؼ߸߹ģ
ʹ̬ԽԽء
ǨŭҲʵ
ҪǻḻһЩĹԱܹ
ƫƫֵĶУߵǶӡ
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ȻǰӵĽ֮Уô˲ôӡ
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ڴҾѾ죬ֻҪͰԭƻеʱ
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ûǮˣ
ԹֱһΪķǮƵ¡
ṩʳסβ½跿ݡ
ʲôطҪǮΪ֧š
ĹⱾͲӯһʼ͢µֿ㲻Ƿǳࡣ
һʲֿĹ򣬱ԵЩԽ
ڽӵϢ֮Ȼûжӿǣ׷һֿܳǡ
ӻϸڶֿԼǮ֮ķӦ͢µĹԱǶʶһʵ
еǮƣ²ˡ
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ȡܹʡһʿ֧
ܳǵ̲ݻȻҪǮơ
飬õ˲ٹԱͬӦ
ͬȻ˷ԡ
ϾĴͳȵλʱ׵꣬δֹͣ
ڹȻΪܳѩ΢ЩԽҲûеɽˮҪȡĵز
һʱ䣬˫ڳϸִһʣ۲ݣνǹ˵˵
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Ҳ֪ͼ˭ģ֮Ϊ񣬼һͼ֪ͼҪ˼
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Щԭһӣձ˾Ȼȴһջࡣ
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Ҳֻ֪ܳǷѩ֡
ģ㲻֪ˣ͢Ҳû˵
Ȼ⸱ϣԶܳѩֵϢظ
滭˱ѩѹķݣΪѩֶʧȥݵʳ²Ļ档
֮⣬˱ʬӵʬԼԱߵĻѩѿЩǱġ
ΪĳУھİգеİոá
ЩǣĻ棿
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ȻڸһҳûзתеģֻǰŰ²ʳʬصͼ
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ڴ֮ǰаնǺһ㡣
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ֻҪ͢İǹ飬͢İƺͱ
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˶űֽ˵ҳ
ֻȻдż֡
־ɳǣһ֣ͬܳǵİԮ֣Ϊ֣͢һౡ֮


109 
ò˵,ڶĵİϣȷѾһֵĿֲز
ǿļʾ֮ǰûп,ﶼٻһЩִ
Ͼļ£δй
ڹȴֱһ򹫸棬ôҴӶǮ쿪
ƫƫھ˶һ򸱿
˶ܳѩ̵ֺ˽,һ̻Ϊܳ͢ѩʱеʹġ
ʱϰ,Ҫܳǵİһʲôµ뷨,Ѿﵽ˶塣
ʱ򣬿ļ,ھǵİն,ⲢҪǮ,ͬããϱĵָ˷,֪,Ҳ԰ܳһЩ£
ǡʱ,һµϢ˹
Ȼƹոȥ˶ʮӣ԰ӵƹ¸ҦҲֱʮʮ
˱ʾɻ벻⣺
ô֪ˣ
ȻۿİҸմӡձǱ߹ǡÿƹƹԼҦȥ
ô֪⼸λƹ˶٣
Ȼǡձ˵İλƹǰŸվű˸ʾ
ԶԶ,ҲǲŴӱǱ߹ڱǽϺôһźֽǱߵ˵ˣӽʼļ赽п,д
Ҳ֪ʱһʲôģ˵Ϊ˹͸˶֪жΪܳǳֱַ˶ͬʱҲΪ˷ҲļලԷ˹ˮ㣡

˿ר
¶ɾЩˣ
в˳ķȥ׼ȥʡ
˲Ÿߵ·ڣԶԶȥһ۱㿴ⱨĲͬ
ʱŵŴţԱ߶ĴҲš
ڱſڣǷһŴӣԣǷһ˸ߵľ䡣
ľǰһˣڵͷ¼ʲô
֮⣬ǽȻͬոЩ˵ǰ㣬һŴĺֽϸѾд˼ϸ
Ȼӣʮ
԰ӣʮ
¸󣬾ʮ
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һʱ˾Ȼ㱬һҵۣ
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ʮ٣Ҳʮ
ǣ٣Ǿ;϶ʮ

仰ʱЩ˵ʮȷʵЩٵ˶˸ƿԡ
ʱ˿ˣ
ǿɱˣȻӡ԰ӻ¸󣬿ɶĲҵ
û˵һ壬һ㣬ʵǾʮ
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ӣ

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ѧ˼ҵķӦʱ˵ĺ棺
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ðɣ
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ΪֻҪھЩʱյѧӣû˲֪ӣ
ûӿǰǾ޾׵дʫģ½ν·
ǰӲʮ꣬һ³жԪ󱻻ԵΪ̽
ûϵʱ˵ˣӵĲܣ״ԪҲʹã

Ȼ˵ᣬҲԼʵ൱ˣŻˡ
һ˱ȳһЩʱ˻ĽἵʣҲлһЩ΢΢ĲҪ֮һ
һ˱ʮٱ֮ʱ㲻˼벻ʣµģҲֻжԴ˵ľ塣
ǰһȳʮٱ֮ˣһȱͬѧΪ䡣
˵֮ʱѧӱ˵ĻƵģһһ˵ǰԻ͵ʷ
˽ѧǣǰ¼ʱΪǾѧӿʡ
תͷֿ˾ͨҲͬģ֪ЩӦˡ
ʱ򣬲˶뵽˴ǰձ
ʱвѧǳǰһ˵ϣȥڶյձ
ձõ֮˲ŷֽաʮƾ٣ģ⡷֮УҪı˲ˣһȫʶԼ˽֡
ʱв˸оյƭšˣǿ˼룬˻ϸǷձ
һۣЩ˱㱻һƪޱһѪ
ʱƪǳһȫʶ֣֮һٶ޲ýÿֶֿϸϸƷζ
뵽ıֽЩƺЩ׾ѧڵˡ
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ԭ˲Ż֮ˣôͻȻ伣˵ɻƺҲһ̣˴𰸡
ЩʱҲѾͬȺЩѧ˾ɣģľϡ
֪ҶԴ˴ļжȻɻλŵ˴ļ赽Ƿ󶼻ύ⣬ˡ
΢΢ЦЦ첻˵Źļ֮ʱ
󣬵˵֮ʱ˶ǳĬر˰ܹ˵ÿһ֡
ϵϸҲλ֤ȫʵǴһʣԽܼලͼ顣
˵䣬ֱĻ˻֣ʾǽǮ˿
Ⱥ˱̬
Ȼ˼ٵģҲز飡
˵ʱ˲˵ͬ
׷ױʾȻ£Ǿһ⡣
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Ե߲ĻԻʼʮǰֹǰ
꣬˵˵̲̣·ת˲ţҲ㹻˽һȫȴ
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ŷǳܱ⡣
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лλΣʤֻ֣̿ǼȻ˶ԴǣΪļķ𷽣нӴǵ񡣡
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ҪԸֱӽӰ˱Ŀյϣֱӽ򿪡
ĲǱģɹͷµĲҵԼʮļ
һڷ룬׻ӣͷ˲
һ仰֪ʮһСĿһ£һ¡
жģ׻ӣ̲סֱʿˮ
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ңֱȻĶʮ¸ʮԼ԰ʮǣǰ㡣
ˣҡҡͷ
Щӷǲ飬˴ĳ⣬ǻʲôԸŵģ
˵пһ䣺
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ȻͣڴʱȴΪԣֱֱý˵С
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ӹϵΪŵȴԸʱóʮ֡
£к
δԶڹ֮ϣô仰ĺ壿
΢΢ЦЦ
˵֮ǰ޶Թǰ޶֡һ£˭ҪҪǱƽ⣬ǡҲ뱨ĳԲıϡ
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⻰һеĹǶʱɢ˸һɶҲǰʾԼҪʮӡ
ʾǰǰǼǡ
ʱǽϵźֽϸµݡ
ӣʮӡ
û뵽ʮӾȻҲܱд档
ԱǰļʾʱЩ޴롣
˵ĵлԼл񣬶ʱ޴롣
ⷬٶǸһʾǰ
˾ȻӸ٣ֻһӡ
֮ɽһʾϸϸдϸ֮Уϵض˵л
ͬ˵ǰ㣬ƣ޾УǲΪСԴ
õĿͷҲǷӦ˹Ƶģ׷ǰԼҪԸ
һǽϵĺֽϣд˲ϸ
ϸϵݵı仯ѿһʼľһӼϣ˺𽥳˼ǮһǮ֣С
ЩҪɬ֮ˣڿЩһǮϸʱҲȴеĹǣ׷׿ҡ
ͬļʾдǰ㣬ԼΧ֮ڣԼౡ֮
硷˴ĶЩѧ֮⣬̼Լ̵ƹȻҲš
ۼԼȻӺ͹԰ӡ¸Ϊ֮룬аսڳޣЩҲ˳
ǵҪҪ
ɣǱϸдأ˭˭û裬ֱһĿȻ
ھѾҪȥȻӣȻĵ̣׬ǮҲ£ȻӵĴͬҲµ
ǲ˾ˣǲǻʧٿͻ
ɣٺʣ
Ѿҵ̣ǰ׬ǮģȻսԾࡣ
԰ǮٶȲңԾ١
׬ǮȻȲ⼸ңôҲǾͷ̼ңǧǲʵġ
ˣҲ۰
ɶǰ׻ӣͳȥ˭ۣ
λƹΪͷ۲ѵʱµϢ˹
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ΪҲˣԺ֬αˣ
ЩϢƹνüһ
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Ҫڿ飬ֻǮƲ˵
ʱĺֽϣϸһµĸ¡
Ѿ¥
ӯ¥
ϳׯ

ǰˣڿʱԭ΢鶼һ˿΢΢ɶ
Ȼһֱ˵ƣ޾Уһͭ壬ҲǶܳǰյİĻ
˿ϸϣʮӡӡǼǮݣĶż
һһ㣬Ҫ赽ȥ
Ҫǵ󣬴ҵľɲܳãô죿
ڿЩ̼ǴֱʵľҲڿԷˡ
ֻҪ̼Ҷһ㣬ܳҪǮܴܿ㡣
Щ֮⣬һҲ΢΢һ
Ǳз£ǮΪӡ
֪Щ˻
չ¾е֪Ӱشʱ򣬱ֱֽ֮¡
ʱյԣٶȻࡣ
֮ܳ¿̲ݻµȲôá
ʱͬ˵յľȻǵȲˣ̼ҵĴȴĺܿ졣
ѾС죬Щƹûһ㶯Ϊǹˡ
û뵽ӻԼŸƹȥ󣬲ǼĹЩƹӶˡ
⣬ֻ¶һصЦݣ
ȻΪҶǡ
Ϊĩ׸˵һΪɹˣȻʲô
Ȼ¸ͷҦ˵ԼŸͼӻЩƹϹѡ
һˣҲк֡
˽ЩƹԼһ𣬡֮飬֮ǾҪԣǡԸˡ
ʵȡ֮üޣЧ±᳾䶨黹ͬЩƹһ
Ǳӽ£ϵĶĿڶ࣬ԼձֳⷬƺƵȻʹ۾
糯ϱѾյϢ


110 
ձļϢʹʱ,Ϊȡ֮۲ݡ
ŵл粽õ˫Աʵͬͷ۲ѡ
ͬǰ㣬ʵеȷȡ
ҲͬԵĳ˵ǰ㡣
Ĵͳ,óȻȡ,ȻǵĺҲ²⡣
Զڻ˵,Ҫּ,ͻһѻ
һѻ𣬻ʵȻϣ¾ġ
Ͼ¾ս¾ھеС
ֻҪϿڣͬȡ֮£оٲԸҲ˵ʲô
Ȼӽϳʼ¾һ²ؼ߸߹̬,ۻʵ۸ʾʾ¾ͨͨûûп
֮һ仰,װ
ⷬ,ɰѻʵ˸Ǻ
ۼŻʵ۵ɫԽԽ۵ҲرСࡣ
ڳϵѹֵʱ,ͻȻһģӵ⼲˽˵Ҫ౨
,ָϳһۡ
ˣǻٶһЩ˽⡣
αܿǰһ֧,ƽ˱ϵİȫ֮⣬ռеĸ鱨
ڴ糯ڼݽۣѵǾַʲô²ɣ
뵽ոջ񣬲ٹԱ̲ס
ϣϢҪ̫,ⲻᱻǨŭ
Ȼ˶еϵģǻڿۺԭûԭѵı飬Ҳ˲١
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ٺ٣ȻҼҲҾһٸͭ壡

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ǮǸĶʬأ²Ͳٳˣ


111 
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ôÿۼŰͼþʣ¾Լܱѵܵʱ򣬾ͬһ㣬õһͬ¾һо֮ŵĽ죬߽
ϱϵ籾ôдɣ
ڣƺЩˡ
ͬǰⳡ̻һ㣬ؼˣƺܴһЩطҳһᣬðƾ֧
ⳡ̻ȼһʱ
Ȼ֮ٳɫ̻ϡ棬ҲУŨīزʵһʡ
һ̻ɢҹ֮ʱ¾Źרע飬ûס룺
ϲ걾һ￴
¾룬鵱ȻûоܾĵֱһڱӦ
̻ĻʱѾӽҹ
·ϣ黹ʱʱԵ˶ⳡ̻ۡ
Ҳ˵֪ܳڵεˡ
ܿõ˵Ļش˵ǽ̻֮ǰʢ󣬴̻ܿܳǵһˡ
˵Ҳõ˲˵ͬ
ͬ¾˵ǰ㣬Ԫ̻ƺѾΪ˰еļУΪ˰жϳǷ˳һ׼
ⳡ̻ĽƺҲ˾Ũζ
·еĺԼ𽥱£йصƷʧС̯̯λС
˵ӣƺֿʼصǰʱ⡣
õһڵĴǣ´˳ʼͰزμ糯
ȻЩܳǵĺϢеķΧԪ֮ǰɿ˲١
ʱƣеϵĻѩҲʼڻ𽥻ϵĺް˶ģҲ˴װ
·ԵľҲ𽥿ʼʵѿ
һ仯˱֪ˣǴ쵽ˡ
Ҳʱ򣬴ȥֵܳĴӻؾϢ


114 
λؾ,˵ǿƺƴ󵽼ʹƽﲻ̫ע֮µİҲš
ڴӻδؾ֮ʱѾвϢ˾
ʲôΪ֮ܳ,Ϊܹ֮˳,һ˶Ϊ
˵ʲôϵ,,ƽ׽û˿Ӳ˵֮ʱΪ˸õͬͬ˯
ʲô龫ǣԼȾ纮岻ʣΪɲϢȥһʵؿ졣

һֱѴӿе޵ģͲû˵ӵΪ»ӱֻˡ
ҪǵֻҲͰ,Щڿӵʱ򣬻һѡ
˵֮º,˵Ǿʮ,Ҫֵ˽֪
Щɰ˸Ǻ,˺üҲûܻ
ⲻ˵ȥֵܳĶҪִﾩǵϢ,ֱУ˸Ѫͷ
ܾܣһ˵Įģһ˵ʲôʮͺ޲ֵ½֪,Ͳ⻰Լ˵Ŷìܣ
ͬͬסս֮ʱѵһֱ뽫ʿͬͬס𣿻龫ǡޣ⻰Լ˵Ųģ
йѣ˭ϻûмˣ˵аʱ֪Ķأ

ۼԽ˵Խ,¾̲סֹ
ˣԽ˵Խˣ
ⲻ𣿡
ȻҲ֪ԼЩ˵õȷʱˣûټ
ȵϵ侲¾¿ڣ
øʸһЩҲ
Ȼڴ⣿ҿΣ
Ҳûͳһǲޡ
ڼλ֮Уֻ¾һ˱Ҳ¾Դ֮ʱ֮һ
¾жѣӿһһۿġ
ǰĹ¾սĵڶ꣬ϵĹͱѾﵽ˷ı׼
󳼵ȴʰ£˵¾ǳʱõʱ
ʱ¾Ǿû⻰˵ĵȷûм֡
˭֪һãꡣ
ÿһ꣬϶µĽӿڣѹ¸¾֮¡
¾ؾһ꣬ǽ¾һαغһ֪ļ¾ٴγã
ʵ֤˲ûв´꣬Щ۶ѹ
ֱǰ¾飬²µת
˶֪ʱϸ¾ǸĲ
ΪӣԺ󼴱ʣȢҲҪԪһͷ
¾սպգѣƾʲôΪƾһܳѩ֣˳
Ȼʶ֮ȴûͬб˲ԡ
̧ٴԼּɩʱһ⡱ڣ
ʲɣ
ʮ֮˾š
˵⻰ǹ飬ҲΪǹ飬ǹɲõԤУ˲˶㡣
ɩ˽⣬ܹɩ˵ʮ֮˾šĻ˼ʵͺ͡ʮʮˡ
תۿ֣ȴ¾ͷģ
˵ʴǰտʼѾʼڿǷˡ
ƾʲô
ӱЩ̲סˣƾʲôַôѣַôף
Ҳһ
Ȼƾһʱ򡣡
ԴӾձ죬԰Լ¸ҲԽԽ֮󣬾е̩㶼ѾС
ھʼִܳǵıжôڵʱ򣬹Ѿ˲
ʱ黹֪һȻôҰġ
ʱƣӵĹڰȵٽϴһĹԱǰЩı֣鵹Ʒ˴ӵһ㡣
Ǹʱ򣬹¾ʹһյóĽۣǻտܻ˳ƶΪ
˵ƾʲô
ȻƾӸһʱ
ƾԽԽԣһѹԽԽ̧ͷ
ƾڻ֮лԽԽˮô̵ʱҲҪâ
ƾϵǸһֳ뻯ƺ֮ˮʮδ
ǾؿŴӵļƵóѣ
Ҳܽһġ
Ǻεȵҫ䣿
⻰˵ģǵȻؿˡ
ῴһۣ΢΢
ǻҪ˳Ŵӵ˼Ʋء
ǰһ仰ûüˣ˹һ仰ʱЩ£
ʲô˼
ȻһΣȴֻһĪЦݣûٻش⡣
Ӵ㷢֣п佱ӵԽԽ࣬ͬʱҲԽԽٳ
Ͷ̶̵һĹӾ˲ʮ˿ŴӲܹˣܹôӸˣֱܳǰ֮
ԭ׼ȥĹ԰ҲȥˣֱӴظԼԷ˴
ӵⷬٶھеЩûκӰ첻˵Щ޴ӵĻϡ
գЩۣڵڶյġձеʱֱӵ۷塣
Ϊգձ־Υ˸
ϴθľ飬һΣеĴ󲿷ְն֪ձĸҪʶĶֱܿͼƬпѧһأ
ԡձ˸Ϣһеıֽڶ̶̵һʱ
ûԴԪļ֮󣬡ձı㿪ʼʵƣ۵ģʽˡ
Щû򵽽յıֽİգǷ׷ûнСͬʱձǼһ𣬿ʼյĸʲôݡ
ܿ죬Ǳ㷢֣յĸϴθݵ
˰Ǻͳǵľܳȱ⣬˲õ˽
ʱ򣬸רŻͼ򿶿ҵİǱ˸л
ͼҲǿ˻һЦ
Ǿ֮£һֻܳǵҲûʲôرõʲôĸл
УȻһЩ
ţܳڵ
ԭ²壬ʳǣ˺·Ⱥķˡ
Ⱦ˷纮ҲõҽΣ𽥿
ЩѩѹķݣҲ𽥵õؽ
һжٵģ鿪
ȻÿһУһͬӰϵķеܿǰȥֵĴӡ
ڸ󣬡ձרдһƪӵĸлš
ʵ¼˴ʱֵ࣬ͬʱ󣬻˴ӵⷬΪ
˵֮ʱӦ㣬д󰮡
ҲΪһݸжڴӵһδﵽһµĸ߶ȡ
Ϊÿձ۵ʱîʱĩȵ֪յġձʱѾ糯֮ˡ
ձϵݣ˶ֱԡ
յġձ᳹һˮƽ
ʱ¡̸־֮⣬ʵȷ
ڴӵıҲΪ͹ۣûмκԴЩƫ
͹һ͹ƫ֮ϣ
Ҫ֪⡶ձģ
ͷ˻Ե޹ȥ佱Լͷ
˽·ģ¼ҡ׸ˣѾԼԼеı
ǲ̫˽ˣһʱɻطšձ˾ٵ⡣
ѵҲ֪һˣֱӷ
˵һ⣿
ȻǱ⣬ǵеʲô

ԱĻ˺һûеóۡ
ϻ۵ĻӣŰԼǰݸҲЩͷԡ
鷿ֹĻӲ뵽ʲôƵģתͷԸԼĳ棺
ȥһ£յıֽк󣬰ʲôӦ
ǡ
˺ܿȥһϢ
ĵ£յձк˲˾вٰյۡ
Ƕ˵ӲܹˣܸɣѵÿɹϵգĻʴ󰮣˵дĻӣֱǰ֮֮
ⷬ鷿ڲ϶¶οЦݡ
֮֮ݣֻǰʤ֮ʱ˵гһգǾȻ۴ӣ
ܹõķӦҲЩľŬ벼֡
и֮ʱĻȴһ˿ԣ΢΢ü
̫ˡ
̫֮֮ˡ
¾ˮľ֮⣬Ҳֻод׵Ļܹõ˷ۡ
ֲйѣε𡰰֣֮֮
뵽Ļһʱʶʲô
ִ˷ؾǴܳǰյɡģ
԰Ǵصܳǰ׼ģ׼ؾʱϣҲΪ֮һЩ룬ʡ
һ˵£Ļŵ˵ͷڲסĵ⣬Ȼɡ֮¼Ϊ⡣
Ȼ˵꣬ĵ¶ŸոջĳԸ
ȥȥڼɳǣҪڴֻس֮ǰס֣ɡ
ʲôĵ£ǡ
Ļӵ˵֮һۣ¿Լĳ棺
죡ȥ
ټĻʧ̬ģʱһԭҪ˻ȥ
ĻĿ⣬һɻ
Ȼڳ󲻵һʱ䣬»ˡ
»ظӰĻ̲ס𣬷ָѣ
ȥִʲô
ǳ涥ĻӺüŭĿӲͷƤ
¸ճûã˾аյۣ˵ǴѾɡˡ
Ļ΢΢˻Σ֮ϣţ
ˣˡ
ڵˣĻһϵзӦͷԡ
󣬵׻еӴ˵ѯʣ
ɡؾⲻǺôĵºιⷬӦ
£նá֮ݵĻ޴ˣôִʱɡؾǺ£
Ļһҧʵ
һ仰ֱԭϲе˸˹
û
Թµʲô
޷ǹ
һگ飬˵꣡
ڴ²йǡ֮֮ɡָ룿
һܹ׵£ȻҲס
벻ףڿӴɡ뾩֮ʱǷзӯĶ֮ʱҲˡ
¸¼´һ鷿塣
ʱ֮ˣĹ
һöӷ̣Լĸ¶һº͵Цݣ
ã
ܵգˡ
ϴѶľ棬ķڷ
ĬԾֵʱҲ̲סڣ
Ϊ֮ˣˮƽ͡
´һԲһ䣺
µģһ壬˳ƶΪߣʵǸߣ
´Ϊ͵ص˵ͷ
װ׵ıСĻòɲǸô
˵֣˵ĵʲô鷿е¼ҸȴŶ塣
߸ӱ˴˽һղĿ⣬ֽĿ·ŵµ֮С
˶ԣԹ塣
Щ飬֮ˣ֮˿ףȻʱ֮еĴӱˣȴһҲ֪
ֵܳЩȻֲ˽ģŻؾ֮ĹͣԼϣ׻Ǿľ
ԵĲ˵˵ֵʱ䣬Ӿ˺ôһȦԭȥ·ѾˣƤҲôֲ˲١
ôĿ࣬ȻǺ޲ȫµ˶֪ġ
뾩ʮصʱ򣬴ӱѾطԸ˽ɡ˳۵λá
뾩ֻʱ򣬱ֵµȥдϢҪؾͷʤǰ¾ʤ֮ʱĳ档
ӻؾ֮ʱŵ·԰ǵĻӭ밮ԽյġձȫȻ˽ĴֻΪԼֵµ˰µ
˸ոջؾдŵһ󣬱㿪ʼİõؽ˰ǵĳޡ
ߵĺò·½ŵ죡
Nɪģ
һ¥֮УѾ֪ԼɩļıֵӣǰĻ棬Щ䡣
ӵĳҲ˽ԼӵӣȰţ
ºαҲƣQ˶೤ʱˡ
ԣϵıȻ˲١
ȻЩ죬Ҳûٶ˵ʲô
ʱӵ
ֻӻûͬǇNɪãĻߵĳ㲻֪ʲôطҴҸ˹
Ҳ֪ǳͬ˵ʲôӵɫԽԽѿȵǳһ˵꣬ɫѾģ
ǳ˵һʲôһĸոձĲֱӴǰС
Ҳ֪ǹĻһʱһԱſɡʼնûб
߰ɡ
ŴԶȥıӰӺ±һڲ裬֣վ
û֣طҲûҪˣʱ䣬ȥ԰Ӷء
ڴӵ¡
Ҫ糯֮ʱʵķӦ֮󣬲֪𰸡


115 
ڳŴ˸ߵ,Ϣһ㴫˹ĶС
Ϣʱ㶣Ц
ԭЩЩƺͽյձճĻ𲻹,ܹûϴӷͷ
˭֪һϸͷ
ɡ
Ҳ롣
ʱ¾˵ǾˮҲΪ,Ҳ˸ߵ
ڴһԼˮ֮ʱ,ҳ,ҪˮһЩī֭Ʋ
ƾһ֮ôܽ¾ܻ˵ز
ڲһֶѣθҵģ
Ц֮󣬹Ҳķģһ֮¶ǲˡ
Ȼⲻ,ô£κв
ⷬ²,ڵڶ֮,ֱӵõ֤ʵ
ӵʱ򣬹ԺԶǸר㷢СԺ海еļմС̳ӡ
ɩɩ
źóһؾ,ӵĽк
ӷӣ齫еС̳ӷǰϡ
շ,ӱѾ첽ߵ˹ǰ
ɩֱˣʹȻ˸ַͷ
ţ
Ȼ£Ѿ˶ۣ˷ܵģ,黹ǸһԸꡱĿ⡣
ָԼһ裬˼󣬱üɫͬ˵˽糯Ϸ¡
ջ˾糯صȻתƵܳеһϡ
ӻ㱨ܳڵ,ܳԭһӦԱ
¸ָ֣ܳܳǹٸĿȱ
£ôӸռ˲ٱˣӽջϵ㲻ѿвٶǴһˡ
һ㣬һѾ׼ټܳҲʲôұ֮أӰ쵹ҲǺܴ
֮⣬һĵģԴӵ˵ķˡ
ȥܳǵһӦԱλ֮⣬õǨ
λҲǲûа취
⻧ϣǻ顣
ȻڵĻ飬Ǿ޸λĿܵġ
֮⣬Ǳֻ뿪һˡ
ڻɵλѾܸռȥΪѾ뻧ƽƽͷ
һôͷٻһɡ
ĽȻǻɴԼԭλϡ
ȻΪ˲ϻָһӶƷвһЩǮƣҲǶ˽
ڴӱˣǵõһЩŶֻϸʹͣŹҲõ˲ϡ
֮⣬ǹĸңҲǴӵҲõ˲ʹ͡
ܼ٣ֵҲ͡
ҪǷѰ£ʹͲν
ϸĥܷ֣һδ޷⣬ԱһʼҪνǲʮǧ
֪³ʱɫжྫʡ
Ѿ˼£ֻһǿջЦԻϵʹͼΪģ
Խ˵Խˣ˵ѾЩƲסԼϵЦˣ
Ҫ˵³ʱרܵǰȥ˵ʲôϲɩûпֵʱǸɫֱǾʼˣ
ǡʱ¾ҲԺ˽
¾ޱģ̲סԵ٩
үȻҲɵʱ򣿡
֪պӵ鶨Ȼòˣרȥϲ
Ȼڹĵ٩¾ֻ΢΢˸ûз
ԽԽ
Ȼڷ¾ķӦƽ֮󣬹ܿʧ˶Ū¾Ȥ
صֱתƵһϣ
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㶣һʱЩûзӦ˵ʲô
ȻǹھеĴţʾû˵ʲô
Կ϶йڴЩзӯĿޣϿ϶š
򲻻Ե޹ʴӷͷ
ȻѾ˶ţΪֻȡ˸ӵķ
£ѵǻӦôһ
⵹ûУ糯ϸʵӣͺȫ֪ЩƵġ
ҡҡͷʱҲһ˿ԣ
ѵˣҪճϳʱȥѸһ
ӵ˵Ц¾ʱڣ
ʲˣǵȷ׷
ţΪʲô
üͷ壬ȻǶԻʵ۵Ĵ˷ٶΪ⡣
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ڻʵ۲;еⷬ׷εĽۣҲǴ糯ʱʵ۵̬ȣ³֮׸һǶǵУóġ
˵¾ˣ飬ڻʵ۵һ壬ҲЩˡ
еˣȻڱɿϲ޶ԡ
¾˵ϲ׷ӵΣǾֻһ֪ͣ˷ֱС
Ӻ¾ıҲûô˼
ڻģ
뵽ԺвɸֳԨݣԼһ˫̶ˮһ㣬׵˫
һΣڲ²棬һС
ͬʱƺҲЩ⣬Ϊʲôôλ˳Ūµˣ˵Ѳ⡱Ļˡ
˼˰޹ֻܽͷɻʱŵһߣ׼Ҹȥ̽һµջ
ǡʱ˹ոշŵϵմС̳ӣ
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ոսŵʱӾѾСմ̳ӣֻǵʱź͹ӵĵùʱ̣ûʡ
˵˹ڴӵ£Ȼʳеɻˡ
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ֻǰմ̳ӣôôͨ
ȻҲﵽȻһˮƽûκ⣬ôôֵùרŹĿģ
Ȿƽ̳ӣȥȻƽ
ĵ뷨΢΢ЦЦ
ҪװĶһҲѰ
ҪװĶ
ӽȰƴ˶ٵС̳ӷзȥع۲˺ðΣҲûȻ
ɩҪװʲô
ûֱӻشӵ⣬ֻתͷһԵ¾
ү²¿
¾ϸС̳ӣ΢΢˼Ƭ̣
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鲢ȾƣΪѵõġµһҾơϦ¾ƣҲֻǳһڱˡ
Щӣ¾ȴڹŵһ˿޵ľζ
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뵽Щװٵԭϴի棬¾Ȼ˴𰸡
ԼӦҪˡ
үۻС̳ӣȷ׼װƵġ
΢΢ЦЦתóһԴһЩСӣ
ǡʵү壬ȰҳΣ
黰䣬ӱæ͵ͷ
Ȼˣ
˵Ҳһþ֮ˣѰʱܰڸСһ
ϴιϣ̳Ϧ¾ƣҲûٺȡ
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ϵԾԾԣЩʧЦ
Ҳһ䣺
Ȼ£ɩУôܻвõĶ
УǶԹΡ
΢΢ЦЦҲٶԣƿо̳ĸӡ
ʱһŨľǴ̳Ʈ㣬ӱ㱾һ˿⡣
ҲƷŵһ˲䣬ƶƣ¸ʤڱΪµһҾơϦ¾ƣ


116 
Ըһɾ,ϵȲ̲סߴŹ飺
ɩʲôƣóܳ
Ȼ¾ƷƣȻҲͲʱӡ
ֱӴһùֻƱ,лһЩơ
İ׾ƴӾ̳к,ǹԭʮ˵ľҲŨ
Ʒ,ƺѾܵƴŨζ
ѾЩƲסԼдĳ嶯,Ҳǵȵ齫ֻͱ¾ֱһ֮󣬲Ŷһ
ȲһڣˮӱܵаԵϢ
ͬһպ֮Уϯӵȫ񾭡
ɻ֮У˳źһ·ֱ,ڸ
ˮ븹֮󣬺ͷһظ,Ũˡ
ݽı仯,̲סֺһڣ̾ţ
þƣ
ӵעƵĿڸ֮,¾Ĺע㣬ȻӲͬ
ϸϸƷζһ,¾Щȷؿڣ
ƺϦ¾Ƹϼ֣
үµĲЦŵ˵ͷƵȷҪϦ¾Ƹ֡
ʹжԴд,϶Ļشʱ¾̲סһЩ仯
Ҫ֪ϦϦ¾ƣ֮ԱΪµһҾȴ˷ΪŨ,ʤֻ֮ζơ
κľƣ޷һ㡣
вٺþ֮˵Ϧ¾ƺľƾҲ޷ڣѵںˮ
ҲвҪƽϦ¾Ƶ֮һʧܸգвΪּҵ
ʱˣµҲĬˣϦ¾ֻϦ죬µһҾƣҲֻϦ
Ȼڹȴó˱Ϧ¾Ƹϼֵľƣ¾βȣ
Ȼţ΢Ц׳¾Ӿȵ
үòˣǽļүҪƷ𣿡
ļԼϵı飬¾һ˿²⣬ѵбƸҵģ
΢΢ЦЦûлش
ֻתִó˼С̳˳кã¾ǰ
үԳ
¾δ˵ĶԻ˸ȫӱ̲סˣֱǰһ˷ǰС̳
Ըͣ
˵ֱӴС̳
ʱһɱȸոոŨľֱƮɢ
㣬¾бѾԼ˴𰸣
˵ĿģбȸոǾƣҼֵľƣ
ǳһڣ˱϶еĲ²⡣
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̳ƣȻͬǰ̳һ㣬һ̳һ̳ҡ
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鴹һ̳ƣţ
ȻΪ̫ңʺá
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ԵĲ˵ƾȡµһҾơҪϼֵľƣҲ㹻ܵ˵׷ˡ
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117 
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ҽ,ʳ͢ٺ»йְͬ,Ǹ
Ϊ¾սķоȳ,ʱ˵ļ˶Ѿǰõս
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ʱ¾ĵһӦǾܾΪսҴİ,붼ͳһİ֮
,˵Լͨҽ,Ƶ˷Ҳã֮޳ھ,ܷԼá
ʱ¾ǿǵоҽϡȱ˼ҽѣҽҲܻһЩѹ,ǿͷ,Ӧ˵
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ǽĿУ¾ֵ֪,Ǿ֮Ƶ˱ĿԱ֮Ҫ߳һء
¾̱ʶǸɶõ˲š
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е꣬ҲûţһֱڷżҽҪҵ˿ϸ졢ĿԸߵķӡ
˵Ļ˵δѡ
ЩĶ¾ҲţڵõǺҾƺ¾Ժиֳĵһˣˡ
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¾īˣֱ̧ӽе̳ҾƷ˵ǰ

У˭֪ˣ
⼸˴δйκνͬеһ㡣
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118 
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ûпձ,֪ϴիֶ֮Թ,һ߽¥,Ҳܴװ޷п,¥԰ӣӦӵͬһҡ
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ΪǵϣǰЩ켫Ƶġʮ⼸ơ
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ڵڶƵǩЭİ취
һʼ˼ڼʶ˰е̶֮󣬶ʱеһͷ
Ũҳ̶͵İˣʮͬձдǰ㣬ܹһʮգ
ȻЩ룬ʮ¥Ҳ̶̵һ֮ڣ
ʮ¥бϦ¾ƸҾƵϢҲֱӱ˳ȥ
ʮҵ֮ĵڶ죬˶ΪյġձָʱȴǰЩ쿯ŹڡʮϢλãдһʾ
ʾдģ
ǷΪ˾Ҳգ
ǷԼ
Ƿø֪Լ̣
Լĵͬʮһ
Ķжձ۹λĵķ
֪ϸ򣬿ǰ̸
ȻҲ֪λʲô˼ȴ֪ʮܹ֮˶ݵʱھ˳ȫΪձƣ
ھձһʾ˼ǲǣҲʮ¥һ㣬áձҲΪƣ
뵽ԣи̵ƹﻹסæٶȣ˹ȥ


119 
ǰЩӡձʮʱʢĳ,Լھ۶ȡ
ЩƹЦݣڴ˱硣
ȻȵЩƹӾ߳ʱȴֻʣĻ,ҲκЦݡ
ͬ,ǰЩӡձظʮ,ȷڸʮ档
ʵ֤,ձĹЧʮֵλ
ʮ¥ҵ֮ǰ,аջ֪ʮΪʱ򣬶̲סϾʱ,²һ
ʮ¥ҵʱ,ʱ,Ѿ
ǰκһ¿ĵ˵붼¶
ƺҲ,Ͼھ׹ݣԹѧ,,ǡձĶߡ
˶,֪˶ˣȻҲͳˡ
ñ˵Ļ˵,ǵĵڡձϴ棬ҲܵõЧ
ò˵⻰֮ʱ,ƹﶼʮֵ⶯
ǣ
֮ǰû˸ǣ⡶ձϴ,ҪǮģǮͣ
հСԼλõ۳̶Ȼ֣ҲҪܹﵽǧ
ҲˣΪʲôҧ¶ģһԵʱ򣬱ָǣֻܹ򡶾ձĹһգ
һ𲽣ռλúͰ滹ô⣬ܹܣ
ƹɡ
˭֪ǱȴЦеػһ䣺
ۣԸԸۣͯλƹü۸ܽܣǣڡλƹˣӦҲɣ
ȷƹȻҲٶ˵ʲô
۸񣬵ȷ˾ЩԽܡ
лвƹֻǰﶫҹ̵Ĵ˶ѡ
˴ȵĿҲûȨ˽Ծ
ձѯƹ񣬾һһյĹλ
ⷬв˶аż
˲֪ЩڱȴʮڡձһǮۼֽۣĳɱﲻ
潫⡶ձ죬ʵЩǱ深
Կҵһֱڿ״̬Ǯƣ١
ڱĹҲԼһᡰԱڱйˣǮԼûһ˿ۿۡ
ⱨйˣǳǮ͸ϣΪ̫š
˵ڿԼӯʱµ˼í˾Ҫһѡ
˵֪Ľʧ
ŽһҲûȥĹλжۼˣ·Ѿձ̫عŵģ
ȫȥӡ
ȻϢû
Ȼ˶û뵽ǣϢֻ֮Ļһ䡰֪ˡӦ
еģ·λǷܹȥʲôҪ¡
ȻҶЩͷԣò˵ƽķӦʱñԭģƽ˲١
˵ڶ죬֪ΪʲôӶڹλûȥ¶һҲżˡ
ԭǱ粢һλûȥһȥ
λǼõλãռݰҲСǧһλá
һձӯձǧѹһҲżˣ
աձϿǹҵֱ̣֬ĻԼεŸ
룬Ҳһ˶ܹʶĶ֣Ůˡ
һ˵Ҳֻѫ˼ңŻỨѾԼŮṩѧϰĻ뻷
֪ձŮԶʵԶԶԵġ
ƫƫԼŸŮҲŻȤ֬ԼΡ
֪£Ч²ôá
ȥѯЩƹڿյġձ֮ǰʱҲġ
Ȼ˶û뵽ǣ⡶ձֱͲóжϣ
ΪաձϹԼŸĹ棬һֻŮ̵ܹ֬ĸֱ˵ͬҲȥΡ
˵ʲôǲ֪͸ĸסӡŮʲôǾ֬ΰɣ
ǸŮܹܾĶأ
ʲôǷΪ˲֪ǵ¶ļգ
ʲôǷΪ밮СŤ֪εǸգ
Ǿ͸һɣ
һͨʣֱӰݺŸǽһ컨׹
·Ǽҵ֬ΣܹӮü˷ģͥҲܺˣŮüĸˡ
֪ҵ̵㱻ﲻĿ˸ˣ
Ľȥ˱磬ȴΪԥû¹λƹǽһڡ
رػ·ϵ֬ӺӣǺڵشض㡣
ϴθܳǾ֮±ҵȣ˲ٿˣձϿǹ֮£ȻֱǸȣ
ۼҿҪҲϲϵٶȽˣ⻹ôס
˵ǹλǧˣҲһ
ͬһ㣬Щƹһ򡶾ձıۼȥ
ԲҪλƹ񣬽졶ձĻһյɥʱü
ſڵĶڵĻͷû̧˵һ䣺
չλ
ողſŵƹһ˿ȣ
ʲôˣô죿
ǻ̧ͷЦеؿſڵƹ
ȻˣҲգձĹλˣ
ƹȫû뵽һҹ֮ѣλȻͱ˽æѯʣ
ǵյأ
ʣһλáЦеӦš
ĶڹλļǮολúʹСȶ෽ء
֪λã϶ǱȲ۸õλõġ
õ֮ƹϱһ˿ԥ
һʱûеõӦҲȫ⣬Ͼλ˿
ڻʱһһƹ㿪ˣ
պλãҪˣ
˵ֱ꣬ͳƱǻǰ
ǻ̧֣Ʊ鿴һ󣬱ԼԱߵλָָ
λƹ鷳ȥǱߵȼһ¡
һʼʵƹ㲻ˣ
ǣʵģһû˵Ҫأôˣ
˭֪ǻƸû˵ֱԼԴָָ
Żָķȥһ۱ܿǻƵͷһŶʾ
λκʽͷԼԸΪ׼սȨ鱨С
ã
һʾƹ˵ʲô
ֻǻƻĹλֻ֪Ĺλˡ

˼ҪȵΪֻĹλ
һԥ죬˭֪ʱǽǮ
ƹȫԥˣֱİ壬պǸĹλ
Ǯһ˲䣬㿴ǻƱֱԼǰһƣ顰λ
󣬱˵İգԼֹλôôıԹжʱһ֮У
ո¾ٶȹ죡
ھеЩƹǾλʱ򣬻ԼŸƹȴֱȥ¸
ҵ̵ƹͬҦһ㣬ŮԣԲ¸бֹơ
ҲΪˣλƹҦӵĹϵҲΪ׽
Ҧ㣬ε£ǿҪúлл㣡
ռҦӣݵƹӱЦеؿڣϲı飬֪ʱжá
ŸƹҲͷ⣺
û˵Ĺλ첻һʱˣҦѣֵõͷ㰡
ҦӴʱҲ˿յЦػص
λˣ㻹Ҫллλõء
ﻹŲ㣿ϴξ¶ǽǵأ
ϴ֪¸ʮʱ򣬺ӺӶΪҦǱ˽ͷ
ҦȰ˵ҲȥҲܾˡ
Цǿģɲôܼң
ҦĵǱֻ֤ҪܹǰպⶨȻܺࡣ
ǲܣǮҦ¸ǣŽŽȥ˿
˭֪֮ǵȻ˲٣һٳһֱѹͷϵͷϴβˣ
ҦӸǣҪһ¥ȥ򡶾ձĹλʱ˼ûԥֱ˺顣
Ͼϴεʮ˵ǧֱëëꡣ
˭֪ǧȻܹôľϲ
ټҦӣȻǼУ޲ҦܹǴڼУǵܹһ¥
ԴˣҦֻЦЦ˵
ľ鴫ڣҪ˵Ҫǵ£
ʱҲ۴£
ǰѻݺŸ˳˰ɣ
ϴξǣι滹ǡ
ԴˣֻЦЦûзϣ
вڶ࣬þС
ȻмּЧķαҪȥȡԶ
Դˣÿɷ󣬵ͷŽ˱Ĵʽˣ΢΢˿
ôʱȥˣձڣǿʼӯˣ


120 
Դӿʼλ֮,ձ幤ȫ岽졣
Ŀһձһջӯµˣ϶Զ׼Цݡ
ҲΪ΢΢һ
µĲҵȫǮ,ұǸǮ,Ļ١
ǹҵܹս,űҲЩ΢΢ܡ
˵ⱨ˵,ǹԼĲҵ,ֻǹϴΪ
ڱܹԸӯպ,ӶܺùһЩ
ԼǸ,йڡձǹ¶,ȴһЩõ
һʼࡣ
֪ôģʱ,ЩȴԽԽ˹¾ĶС
һ죬鲻ĸոտҵûʮ,׼ȥѲһ,ǡײ¾塣
ûʲô,˱ֱһȥ˾¥
Ϊɫȫչ,ɫζȫټϻмŨҵҾƣԿҵ,¥һֱ͵״̬
ʱ򻹲Ƿ㣬¥жѾ˿ˡ
ǲ֪ԴǾ¥ĿƳ֮,ھ˺䶯ҾǲԷҲڣԿʮǲôġ
ע⵽Ŀ⣬ʯƹʱڽţֹסЦ⡣
ĿҾƶ۱ͲͣĿ˻ϲһЩʮ¥˽ҲΪ
ֵµǮ࣬ʯƹƹģȻҲй⡣
ţʮô
΢΢ü֪ҵĵ죬û˴ﵽµĹصġ
ǸʱһЩõۡ
˵ʮ¥ƻҪ趨żģ
˵¥ûʮƣֻǾ¥ų˵ͷˡ
˵ܿ㱻ԹеĿ˸Ʒˡ
Ͳ˵ʮ˵У㹻Ũңʮ¥ûбҪͷ
˾òʮ¥ǩһЭ飬ֱһҲҲʶʶ
ǳۣŲЭ飬˭ǩ
Щ˵ʮڵ˶ʱֻſûں˰ܹ֮ѵģܹǱһ۸
ž¥û̫ĲҲûиĹעˡ
жںļգûʮ黹ǲ̫
ƹһ⣬ʱ˾
±˵һλлҵлүǰձﵽҪ󣬵һ
Ҫ˵лԣҲһˡ
ҵ˵һ㵥˲˵һзŵ֮ǽһ֮ÿһ죬춼¥
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ǰлںȹһк󣬺ô˰ѵ״̬ʯƹ״Ҳţֱһʮ
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ʯƹѣҲ޴󰭡
ΪʱлԵͺȲ¼ˡ
ȻøлһЩ竹Ӹ˸顣
һ˲һһӵˣֱزʡ¡
ʱʯƹʮͽлԵİʱѾв˵õϢй۲š
ǻʲôģ
ʮͬеһ
ʱʮ֣һ쳹
ֻ֮лүûˡ
˵ʯƹЩϧϾлǰЩھ¥ѵʱ򣬳ֱ㼫Ϊ¡
ټϺлһЩ竹ӣΪ¥˲Ӫա
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صµĻͻպҲòֻǴ󲿷˶ܳƵҶȣԻǰá
кܶʮΪȤˣڳԹͻպ󣬱㳹״˳ʮͷ
ϾŨҳ̶ȱЩܲסˣ˵ʮˣ
Ҳڹ֮У
ھ¥ѾȥˣձþƷЩȽ嵭ľƼڲ˵棬Ҳչһ¾õĿˡ
ǵ¿ܵ
֮⣬ƺһЩɥʧǵ£ͬҲͻʯƹⷽЩġ
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Сһ𣬶һסҲʯƹΪͷۡ
ͬʯƹ˵˼Ҫעĵط
߹Ÿո˵꣬¥±㴫һ˵Ц
ʯƹأ𣿱үˣ
лү
ʯƹһҪȥѾ֪˵ݡ
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Һү䣬û㲻øˡ
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ʯƹߺ󣬹黹ԼдĶԻ
лүôˣǻΪлүأ
ȥȥȥ˵ʲôأľƣүɻûȹأ
лүôû
ǻҪʣȻʮ̫үκģ
˵ˣʯƹ񣬽үһһʮߣûɣ
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лүҪȻû⣬Ǿ仰Ҫ̰
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¾еС̿һ飬Ҳǡ»
á
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Ҫ˵⡶ձԽԽû˼ˣǰҲãЩձдĶЩʲô
˵֮ص̧ʹʱֱܷǴӺδҲһ˸һ
¹ؾձļֱֱҪһΪλ˵
Ҳÿնձϰߣ˽ʱ£˽ϢԼʱ⣬𵽼ලá
Ҫ˵Щ쾩ձǵû˿˲ΪѾ죬вСĽ
ȻĻȴ΢΢ü
Ϊ˵֮󣬶ʱ˲˵ĸͣ
ûǰһձǸõģ˭֪ԽԽ񻰣
֪ôģǰģʽãҪʲô棿Ūð߰㣡
˵ĶȴմȾ˵Ϣֱǲײ֪࣬ν

ķҲֶһ˼
֮⣬ֱӽָ顣
˵¼ŵڣʱвȣô¾֮£
в֮ˣЩû˵ԶԱЩ˽Ҳ֪⣬ˡ
һյĹͻͽĽչЩ˾ȻѾ˵Ҫտʼձһɫ֮Ļ
˵ʲôһղ¹棬ǱһղֻֽҪñǵ̬ȣһỹһƬ
ȻܹڱƲҲЩЩ˸Цˣ
˵׶׳𣬽ۼʶˡ
ǿһѣȻЩôĲ
ˣҲ˿ûпڵ˼ҪЩ˻˵ʲô֮
ǡʱʼἰձǵ
ţô˵¹۷飬вͬļ⣿


121 
֮,һ̣һ΢Щͳʮ
¶λ,ȷ޷ͬ
΢΢˶,ƺͣһˮ,ûи˿Ļ,ڱһ
λڿ˵ձǹմȾϢ,ͭȻλǲ,һݱֽŽǮ
λǶ,ֽļ۸Ӧ֪,ֲڵֽҪһձҲҪʮǮ
,Ҽǵõұֽİɣôûи㣬һձõɱҪ٣
λ֪ɱ,ЩӦѧÿɬͬñֽݸ,ΪʡֽʮǮɣ
ȥӡˢõ,ӡˢõīĹǮάãǸλ˵ıīѡѵҪǮ
λߵģ,ҲΪһݱֽǮʮǮء
ôλڵ˼ǣ˿,ͱһֱȥ취طһֿջ

Խ˵棬λӵԽ,ͬʼһǹ˵ġ
ԭھ¥кСƣϷøոЩ˵еȷڱֽϿǹĿͣʱ̬Ҳ΢ת䣺
ûֽۼ۵Ǿа˾֪ʵ
˭ǽȱ˵ʲôҪһǽֱߵС̯Ҫõֽװʱ򣬶˱ֽ
ʼΪˣõĴ𰸱ǡˡ
ڴ֮ǰȴδȥ˼⡰ˡֵı˱Ŀ
ڱ˵ǲŷ֣Щ飬ȷ뵱Ȼˡ
ʱǸ˳
㿴˵ЦôˣӵĳҲǺõģǿǲܶѣ͡
Ȼ˽ȰĻ˵ֱ꣬ӱոǷӸˣ
¿ⲻǿǲܣǿǵ̫ܵ˰ɣӼȻĿ޳ñ**صɣպÿյĿղϣ
ţԸ⣬綨ȻԸӵ˼һƬ
ǣ
󣬱һ춯ͷ£ǡñ㿴һɫ۵Ӵ¥
ǲĴҴҵģӦǸոڰзķˡ
ŷӵţҲǳ֮ˣô˵⾭ȴ㵽
ʱ֪˴𰸡
Ϊող֪ʱ뿪ֹ꣬ǡɴ˽ͷ¾˵һǰе
֧Ķү
˵ţ֧ģϵʵѾԶʮǧˡ
ҲΪˣλǧټƵضϹϵһһΪӰ¡
ʼ͵ļˣҲǺΪ֮ˡ
ҴֹЩԴӾձʼǹ֮󣬱ûڹ˵Щ
Դˣ鵹û˿⡣
ϾӳʼеĵԱʮԣҪ˵ûͻЩ˵ȥ
鵹Ƕ󿪿ڵλӱȽϸȤ
ʱȻֹ̣굽Ҳ˵˸߰˰ˡ
λΪ֪ԶǴģ̼֣ĹϵԶ
Ȼڵǻ֮󣬷ϳ֮󲻿˵ĽڴУ̼֮о¾ݡ
Ҳһ㣬ʵԷ֪Զôϡ
Ϊ֪Զݣ֮гΪ֮ˣȻϷ֪ԶҲŷ֪Զһ
ֹ껹˵һΪ˼¶
Ǳ֪ⷶԶȻ̼֣ʱҲѧʶʮֹˡ
²ѧԺ֮һܷǳΪпܶȡھѡ֮һ
˺ȣ´ʱھ롣
Ӹոշ֪Զһ˿ȷʮ͸
Ȼˣܿе뷨ΪʲôҪǻһΪʲôҪѡʱȺ˺
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벻֪ԶģһߣҲ֪Զͻķ˸Ǻ
ţ¸ովܺͷ֪Զ
֪Զ뿪֮һǻعƵģͺѯʣ
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ⲻ˵̫ˣҸ˹𣿡
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Ȼʮﷶ֪ԶֻӦΣҲܲס֪Զ°
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仰Ĺѣʯƹֱ˵ǣ
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˵濯ڱֽϣȷͬλ˵ΪձĿ𣬵ǵҲû뵽Ȼòֿл˲ˡ
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Ϊ˲ñȥûйİ汾Ϊһݣʱ֮˿ԸԼϲѡ򣡡
ԺҲᷢ棬Ϊ˲ൢҵʱ䣬λҪ֪Ϣǰѯ顣
Сλ;ƣ
Ҳ֪Ǿʯƹ֮ǿһеϣ¥еǽһͷ
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122 
Ǹ˵,߲ʯƹԺձӡˢ汾ľû뿪¥Ǳ߾ֱȥ罫¸,дһŹ
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߸ʾŸոȥ,űֱھ˸顣
򹫸һ𴫱龩ģ뷶֪Զһִ
ڱֽӡˢ⣬ȷвѧӲǺӦ
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ҪûؾеĻȨֻһ·ߣǱǽձ֡
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үڴǱ߹˵ǽˣʶλǷԸȥһˡ


123 
ǷҪȥһˡ
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124 
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򵥵ؽһ£㿪ʼԼݽ
ԵĲ˵˵ǵĵһձǾвݣһһղ𣿡
û
΢΢ͷ֪ģȷв
΢΢üֱ׳һ⣺
˵Ҫǵһձӡˢй棬Щ˻ѡղй汾ģûйİ汾
Ȼûйİ汾
Ҳ˴𰸣ڡձĹȻӰ죬ȴÿ涼ӡˢ
Ʒȷôʡ
΢΢ü
ҲΪһձΪ⣬Ż
ǡձĵһر壬Ϊ滹׸˵¡
ڹѧ˵˵£Ƿʲôطֵղصġ
ԵĲ˵˵ĵڶձӡˢ˵ĸ塣
ר˵ڶղص˾ࡣ
ȻԹ˵ȴ⣺
ǾͰѺձҲⲻͺˣ
ʣ˼취
˵ذ棬ӵôն˵һΪӣһ޹ձղأְɣ
ٱ˵ݵذ棬ǽձϿǵ£رϲĴ壬´дһ޹ձղأְɣ
ٱ˵յذ棬һرĽգ紺ڡԪһ޹ձղأְɣ

һ˺üӺ󣬹鲻ܽ᣺
ûûϵǿԴûذûϵҲѰɣʲô¡
ֱӱһɡ۸ˡ
ò˵˵ҲʧΪһְ취
΢˼Ƭ̣΢΢˹֣
ǵˣձ˽ӡˢȥ
Ͷ΢΢Цŵ˵ͷ
ȡ޹汾ձǲܵģⱲӶܡ
һضء
¾ھһǻƵģQ
Ա֤ҪǽֱֹͣӡˢûйձչڱķԷھеĴС
ȻЩСС˵ۣѾܶڵκӰ죬ǲᡣ
˵˱ˣ뵽ʲôƵģͬ鹰˹֣
˵ĸһֱһлµ㣬˭֪ȴһֱÿУֻµл˵պÿˣԵлܹ¡
ٳû졣
Ƕ¼㣬ڹٳ㹻̵˼ңҪͷҲһ׵¡
򵱳ҲѡŶƽҲڶƽ֮ڳһء
ԭ¼ҵļƻǴ¿ƽʿ볯һıһò¡
û뵽鵱ڻ֮еõһְλ
ǰ¼ԭļƻҲһܹĳһɵְλ
̯ˮȻǣȴӵʵʵȨ
ҷᲢ棬¼Ҳʲô֪ˣȻǸмġ
֮ʱܱ׼ȥлˡ
ֻǱ´˸
ʱ´˵ϵǰܱȥл鷳
Ȼһдһлȥ飬ŹҲ⡣
һҲȷ㽫¶ʱһŸ飬˵ǹʱȥݷá
˭֪һʱ䣬µʱ䡣
ˮеĻҪࡣ
ںڻ֮ˮѹ̧ͷ
ʵ˽ܾûٷѹ
Ÿոս뻧ְӣû˯һȾ
뻧鶷ҵʱ첻߲ı֡
ǰЩӻԵ޹ʸ֮ת
鱻ˣ϶ڿԴ֮ȴ˲ġ
޷ֻܽʾ֭ȥ취
һȥȻһֱûеõȥгŵ
ⲻһչҪ棬æԼܸⷬ
ԣ㶣̲סЩʧЦ
Ĺ̫ˣѾúܺˡ
յǷлŵʱ򣬹˻ţܲҪʱϡ
ܣΪ˻ݡ
ܹڻӮðڽɽڹ˵Ѿ֮ϲ
˭֪ܾȻΪûܵͬлһ¹ڻ
ʱ򣬹ʱ뵽ʲôƵģһ
Ӵ˷ĹڻеĽչƺ⣿
˵µЦȷô⡣
Ƕ˶٣̾˿
Ҳ֪¼ʫ鴫ң׾Ҳר˵̼֮ʵôóĸէȻִ£оЩ֣˵
˵뵽ʲôƵģʶ
ȻûнĻ˵꣬Ҳܲ³һ
˵֮дǴӵˣܵĹϡ
ϣڹؼʱʹӣԭͽչز˳ĹԽС
Ҳ֪ΪʲôԸ⽫Ļ˵ꡣ
Ͼһһٸʹӣ˵׻Ϊ֮ͬϵ׺
⻰ǵŹֱ˵һ㱧Թ֮ӡ
ˣȻµġ
ȻԸ˵㵱û
ڵһɽĹ֮ǣǲ֪ĹΣ
µģǵԸһȻٺòлˣ
ôʱദǻ׹̼һľͨ˫۾ҲͿԲҪˣ
Ҳֱлһ˫Це˫ֱֱز鿴Ź飬Ͳûֱ˵ʲô취Ұɣ
Ҳ˽ӣЦҡҡͷ
λѡүȥ̰ӵԭӦţ
˵Ϊоһּʺ̰ӵĲϣΪˮࣿ
ѯʣȴһƶ
΢΢ͷҲӣֱԵ
ϢȻͨⷨӣˮ֮ϡ
ϼ΢΢ü˼˰ΣҲûˮΪ⿪Դ֮ϵ
ΣɴѰ𰸣
¿ɷϸ˵˵
ӿ˵һ仰Ҫ븻·
Цеؿһһµ
·Ҫ޺ˣ㣬ԱͨѸ٣ȻҲܹõķչʱҪԴһǳ򵥵𣿡
˵΢΢ͷͬЩ⣬·ˮʲôϵ
ȻΪˮ಻̰ӣͬҲ·
Цеظ˴𰸣ͬʱˮ·ֺô
ƽ̹
ˮ·乤ٶҲܿࡣ
ʱĽͨˣȻȻˡ
鱾һʦһһһŴ㽫һͷۻ
д棬֪²еڱĺ¶һҳؼ©ڣ
ˮ·ͬҪĻѲС
ȷС
Ƕ˶٣ǳ̹Ȼص˵ͷ
Աüͷһ壬ĸҪ¿Դ
ڿԴûãҪѴǮȥˮ·Լϲͬ⡣
Ȼ˵˹һ仰
ȻѲСĹʲôϵأû˵Ҫ͢Ǯ
ʲô˼
һ˿ȣ·Ǯó͢ѵ׼Լͣ
ԲϹ鲻ϳԿӡ
ʵ֤ȷ㹻˽飬ֻ΢΢ЦЦ
ȻΪǮ취ǳ
ڹʱϵЦݣϤˣ
ǰܳǾԼǰЩӱ緷֮ʱϲ¶Ц
Ȼû˵ķһЦݣбһִ𰸣
Ȼ˵ˣ½ձ㽫֣ⷬʱĸ̸ɡ
ԣûоܾ
Ǿ鷳ˡ
¼ҵһɲúŪⷬҲᵽĹӵʱһʱ뵽ķӡ
Żᱻ򶯣Ĺ̸֮ʱٲҪóһϸеļƻ˵Է
뵽̲סʼ˼ƻĳΡ


127 
һϲӵ,ȥ㽫Ļܡ
ڵȷΪ˿Դ֮½ͷö
Ͼܱ˭ڻ϶زǾлˮ¡
ǿԴ֮³ٳûнչ,ٲûû
ԼܴĻ뵽ֵǼ붷ӣ֪ⷽ汾·ǳ
ܼûκԥ˰
ǱߵĻӦҲܿ죬ڶ,˱ڹ԰Ӽ档
˼֮ʱ,ûΪ˵Ƿ,ͬúõһл
Ϊˣ鵹亮˺һ
ܿ¼ҵĽá
ܼȻܱΪ¼ҳ֮⣬һλүѧͬס
һ˱ϵرࡣ
˴ʱ̸ģ˭Ҳ,ֻǹܵĵμ档
ȻĽ̸Ϊ,Ҳûǣܼ,Ϊ̸µġ
ںƬ̺,˻⣺
ĹӽһЩ£ǡ,ҲһĹӺѾĹˣ
˵Ŀˮ·һ£
ЩȷѯʣϾͬ˵ʱ򣬲û˵ĺ
΢΢ͷ,׼õļƻŵܵǰ
ˮ·ֺôѾĹ˵ˣϸڣĹӿȿ
ݼƻ飬ǹջظ֮ҹϳġ
˵ҹʵҲ׼ȷ
Ϊ˵дݼƻ飬ǰǰҲֻһʱ
𿴹ûдãݼƻϵȴʮ꾡
·һ󹤳̣ǹֵżֻ½𵰵ĸҪˮ·룬Ҳٲûּҵ
˵鲻УκһˣҲ¶
ԹֱӽĳаƸŲù
һҪʽˮ·ȷһ׵¡
ֻҪ޽һǳصˮ·һأ
Щҵ׵ģóһ֧
ԹķǻΪ㡣
İͼճǳصĻֳ֣ɸ飬ȻΪÿһ飬Ѱ޽ˮ·ĳˡ
ӹӲԿӱܿκһ˶Ը⡣
ҪЩĸԸǮˮ·ҪЩ˴ˮ·Ϸ̻
סҪ븻·ۣΨͼ˵Ȼǲġ
Ͼ⽻֮ͨľܹЩֱӱ֡
ʱ򣬹˺һ취
ٹ·շվ
ˮ·룬ɲǸٹ·
շվҪν䣬Ҳϸ֡
Ծ˭ǳа˾Ǽܱߵˮ·裬˭Ϳ潨һշվ
ÿһˮ·ʻĻÿһƥˮ·ʻҪ⡰·ѡ
ȻΪ˷ֹѬģΥ͢޽ˮ·Ϊշ񡱵ĳԣ趨߶·ѣÿһվ·ѵı׼ɳ͢ƶ
Ȼ˵ģԽܵȼü֮Ϊ͢ԴķҲշվ֮ϡ
ÿһշվȡĹ·ѣҪ볯ֳ͢ɡ
ʲôվԱͳ͢Ա·֮߰Ĺ涨ϸдˡ
ִֵֻһʴȻдһԼŲ䡣
ˣݼƻ飬Ҳ˵ʮϸˡ
ͬǵμ棬λеʮ˽⡣
ڼһ·뵽ô໨ǽһζӳ¡
ǰЩΪ˿Դ֮½ͷö֮ʣԼ˵¼һҲ޲ߡ
ʱܻһףֳ֪
ڣǰ꾡ļƻֻ˵һ仰
̫Լˡ
µһ
ʮ֮һͷԣǰЩҲ˽ǣ
ʵ·֮⣬ҵǻвԴķӡ
ɲ֪ʲôܿƻþò˵ΪǶ̫⡣
·˺ô֮⣬ҲŲȱ㡣
ǺʱǰͶ󣬺Чˮ·ҲҪά
Щ鶼֪
࿪Դİ취֮У齫·һѡҲԼ˵ûж˽ġ
Դ˿ֻ̹΢΢˶٣ֱӽĻ˵˳
ЩɻϣĹӿȿ·һ¡
¼䲻̼֮СӪ֮£ѲĹӵģĹȴûѡеԵɣӦϸ˵
ĹҪѰҵģӦһڰΪ⿪Դ֮·ǡɱĹ󡣡
¼ʫ鴫ңȴҲʳ
ʹδΪǮƷҪ˵¼̼֮һϲܹ֧ͨľ޶
ܼĽͷöҲû⣬еԵɣȻҪӡʿũ̡ĵȼ˵
ĵȼ֣ԭȻҲͬʷϵһ¡
мΪҪһԭ򣬱׬ǮܱȸҪһЩ
ǲѹ˵ĵλũͻΪ׬Ǯ뷨̡
ʱ˸ҳɳԵĵز
ǷϵΪ⿪Դһһ˹ע
ܴͷ⣬˾ó͢˵ĵλλǱĬȥıСʿũ̡ĵλ
ȷҪеĵλȴڡ
ڵ룬±׸ıһֱĹߣ
һ֪ⷬˣæͣ
·һܺã¸ոֻЩ
·츣գΪ⿪ԴΪǣӦΪĳӦ뵽¡
Ҫ㣬ܹ
ҵרĹˡ
¼ôһУæŪĻóŪܣͬʱתƻ⣺
֪ĹӶ·һ¿ʲôɻ󣬵˵޷
еȷвʣԹȻپԼ֮£
еȷɻ󣬵¶·һ˷ģƺܸ棿
ڹˣܼǴԼƽʱ͸¶ֻƬ֪һԸ
ƽ֪λ£Ǹ͵ˡ
صʲô
硣
Уǰݼƻܹ洦ôôҲֵ˴۵ض֮飬֮
Ĺ֪棿
豭ǳһڣЩʧЦ
Ȳ˵Ҫ·Ҫõˮ࣬ˮ䷽ֻУ˵Щʱ򣬲ֻб棬ŻĶ
µ˼ǣ
ƺЩ׹˻еĺ壬ƺЩס
ûнܵɻ󣬷һ⣺
ĹӾãˮ·룬ˮ·ųܱڿ϶٣
ͽӦܿһӦܿ졭ϿϽһ
΢˼Ƭ̣߸˴𰸡
ش𣬵ȻҲ뵱Ȼ˵ġ
Ȼûˮ·ϳǵȸƼĵطȴҲʯשɵʯ·
ܵⷬݣǲοʯ·ġ
ˮ·󣬱еĵ·йϸо
ȻҲⷬ۵
ʵ˵ˮ·ʯ·ƽȺߣĻٶȻܿһЩ
ʱҲûȥһֻ׳һ⣺
ͨˣǻɾӣֵΣ
˻һֱ©˺üģ
û
ܹͨˮ·ӿų̣ôܹרҵѵأ
ʱףΪʲô˵ֻб棬ŻĶĻˣ
ǰһΪ͢ΪĿԴ֮
Ϊպٴγ·
ܹ˺һѹͷ𾪣ͷ΢΢˶ʳһɻ
Ϊλѡ¹٣
·ֺôѾöԣţ˭ݼƻȥʥҲȻᲵء
Ϊȫǰϵʸ񣬸ûͨ¡
ȻΪĹˡ
⣬Ҳ˿⣺
ƽûٸ´֦ɣȻҲĶˡ
¼ʫ鴫ңīӵмߵĵλ¼Ͷϣ˵ȻǺôޡ
֮⣬¼Ҹ˽ڳΪ٣Ȳ˵Ȩյѧ쳣˵⼸λӣҲͬǰ;ޣʧΪһ
¹Ϊ¼ҵ̬Ѿˡ
˭֪¼ΪӵԵʣΪ׽
¼Ҳδ̬˽ĽҲ࣬У¼ҵҲıǩ
Դˣֻ΢΢ЦЦ̧ܵ˫ۣ
ǲ֪ɷͬĹҹ飬ӻ᲻Լˡ
һ㣬鲻˵Ҳ֪ġ
˵еˣҲ˵ֵǼ¥ƹݡ
˵ⱨ磬ܾûԼἰĴ󷽡
Ǯ㣬ڶร١
ڿ˹ԱĹʽԼǸĿ޳Ӳڸ֮µܣȥͬĸ˲ٽ顣
˵ݶƵȵȡ
ֱڣֱıǰݼƻ֮ܲʵᵽ
еġԼˡֵܹز
ͬʱҲףԼڳǰ˽ĵܣΪλһʣΪλཻ֮󣬶޲ڡ
˵ոһ󣬱㲻ֻͷȲ裬¥Ϸ̨ϱŵСƷ
֪ǹڸǵʱ䣬̬
ݼƻ飬Ǿܾ
ܣԺ¼ͳһսߣΪЧҡ
ѡһ˵һС¡
ƽĶۣѣһõˡ
˵¼ҵĹϵ̤Ѱ볼ӵĽޡ
ݼƻãȴһС̣¹ǳ޷ϣ֪¿ɷ¹ٻظ븸һ
գվӡκһ˵һС¡
ܽһ̬¸˵̬ȣ
Ȼ
شҲͬڹ֮У΢΢ͷˡ
֮ʱֵ˵ϵļƻ飺
ݼƻҼȸĹӣĹӵƷˣ˴ء
һ׼򣬱ڡ
ݼƻȻѾˣĴ𰸲ǹ룬ݼƻ飬Ҳջء
Ҳ˹֮⣬Щؿ飺
£
лɡ
һЦݡ
ΣԴڻְʹһʹ˲ٰӣҲ˲ٺô
ͳһ㣬ݼƻ͸¼ңҲ
ԣֻ΢΢鸩˸ǰƻ˳˷䡣
̸֮ܽ£¼Ҳ֪
ͬʱҲΪ棬ʲô취ĸԸǮ·
ʶһص¸ܵ˸ޱӭӡ
֪⼸˵뷨ҲûҴţֱӽеļƻݸԼĴ⡣
Ҳõƻ󣬱ֱӴ򿪿
ʣµļ˼״ҲֱӴյߣһͬ˼ƻϵݡ
֮󣬼е𾪲ڲ¥Уһοݼƻʱܡ
ѧ쳣Ҳ̲ס̾˼䣺
߰ߣҲֻܹⷨˣ
⼸ֵҲ̲סͷͣ
ǰ˵һǿ֮ԡ
ʱ¶Ҳ뵽ʲôƵģЩŹ֣
ǰЩӣô
˻һ¼ϵҲһЩ仯
ڳΪٵʱ䶼̣ڼλӣرǴӶ˽⡣
ʹǵͷԣλභǲȥͲ
ѹԴ֮󣬴һڽڰˡôһҲ
뵽Ļǹһִٳɵġ
̲סֹһ䣺
֪֪ˣ롣
³Ӷܻ˰ɣ
Ȼ⻰֪ͺãûбҪ˵ڡ
֮£¼Ҽ˵˵ˣһ˵Ļ»صƻ֮ϡ
ѧڳΪٶ꣬ȻҲܸȫ档
һ㽫óݡ·ƻĳԣ翪Դͬʱ츣գоٶȵȵ뷨˸߰˰ˡ
ʱʱʱѯܣڳݼƻ֮⣬˵Щʲô
Ȼ޿ɱ˵˹Ƿ֮ʡ
ԭȻ۵鷿ʱǱͣƵģһƬž
ôҲû뵽Ȼ⧲תƵط
ѧΪ˵ĸף㾭ᣬȻع
˵粻ɣȻˣŽᣬ̽һºˡ


128 
ѧ쳴˻һ,鷿еֵܼ˼ֱ֪˵ʲôˡ
ʲô粻ɣ
⻰ǿôõ
У¹Ĵ£ֱ,ûйϵ
ʵ֤ԣܿԡ
ѧȻڿЦ˵Ǿ仰ͣƬ,ԼһЩ˼ʱ,㿪ʼˣ
,Ǵ磬˵ɡ
ⷬһ¼Ҽλֵ˲λضʱ֮С
ɵͬʱԼҴͶȥһͬĿ⡣
˶ѧ쳺øλӽѧˡ
ʵôţУôȫ¼ң
νԼҵ¶Լ֪,¼Ҽλүܹ֮˳,ǴС̿Ŭġ
츳⣬λ,ûٰԼҸ׵ķ
ڼλɵʱ,ѧ쳿˵һʵϸ
СǼΪ̵һǸʱ,ǼֵµģǸӡ
ΪÿʱǻὫֵܼ˽н鷿鼸˵ѧϰ
С̰,¼ҵֵܼȻҲ⡣
Ȼƽʱ˵ĹζСӣǻżΪ̰棬ѧĲʱ
ƫƫѧ쳾þٳĿ棬ÿʱ򣬶
ÿʱֵܼ˱ᰤ
ѧȻû巣˵ϰߣҲӲԼ˽д
Ϳÿÿյľޣ˲ùΣѾ㹻ĥˡ
ƫƫѧÿγͷϲʵơ
һΪֵܼףֵһ壬Ӧùѣͬˡ
ΪһΪ̰ûϰùΣûоල֮Ӧܷ
ܷһֵܼ͵ʱҲϲͬˡ
͵һʱˬԹλ᳡
ÿֵܼԾѧĲôʱ򣬵˱һ죬˱㿪ʼˡ
ʱֵܼ˱ϲң㣬˭ҲԸǵһ鿼֮ˣܸŭ
֮£ѧ쳾ͻͬһ㣬ʼ顣
㵽´󣬻Ϊ׼ϵ˿ҡ
΢΢˼Ƭ̺󣬱ֱӿ˵ԼĹ۵㣺
֮ʵӦµҲ޲ɡ
˻һֵܶһ
ǣһֱ˵۵
ͬΪ׵ĶӣΪʲôô㣿
ǲ˽¸͵͵Σ
뼸Ӳͬѧϵû̫鲨΢ü
ţ˵˵ɣ
һ¼ҽߵĽϽܵҲãĵܵҲգУٶӰӡ
룬ֻ΢΢˵Լ뷨
رĵܽ뻧ְΪվȽŸûһվܾУ¼ҲѾܲɷˡ
˵ͬʱֵҲЩɵ뷨ʼ˼ԼҴⷬ
ر˵ܽ뻧ֱ֣֮϶һ˿Եı顣
ܽ뻧֮󣬼Լܸһʹӣ˶˵Ϊ¼ϵ׽Եʡ
ְ֪ܴʼ˱뷽跨Ҫߡ
ڼûٸСЬ
ֲ˶ģ⻧鶼ﵽͷȥɴñժˣܲ
һȥģ
ȷΪɵȷ˹ϣ¼컳ǹߵһˡ
΢΢֮ͣ󣬱ڣ
ڵĴӣȷѾûʵˡ
һ㣬ʹⲻ˵ҲС
ǰܹռ൱ʵֻǿ
Ϊȫƾһ֮֮ɱһѪ·
ȻȴǿŹıԼӵټĻӵĸʵ
Щʱ򣬴һеĲֹԱȰ˵Ļ¯
ϾһвٹԱľɲ
ĻͬΪ֮ӣ϶ѪЩ˵ЧҴӻЧĻӣʵ
ȻЩȴĻӸؾˣ˵־ڴˣֻúø֣һֻҰס
˼Ļ̬ȼϥֻλӣֻ˶Σĸӡ
˶ֻǿƽ֡
˵绢
һ˵¼ң¾е󳼣һڶԱС
ȥ֮ǰҲôﰵҪͶϡ
һĹԱҲ˽ǡ
ֻڴһԱ˵ǵʧӰһ𣬾;ĵĿԣҲֻһ·ߵˡ
£ǷҪѡһ·ɵҲ֪ѡ
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û¼ûڶվӵĹء
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һ·¼ѡ
£ȻΥǵԡ
ʱһֱû˵ʱڣ
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ʱ¼Ҽλֵܲŷ֣ӵеѡƺࡣ
ֵܼĪ⣬ĸ֮ʣѧ쳵Ц
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ף
ܴ㵵ؿѧ쳣⻰˼Ѿ˾
ܣеͬ١
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ѧ΢΢һڲ裬뼸ӵĿȲͬƽ׳һ⣺
Ǿ¼Σ
Ȼ֪Ϊʲôʵ⣬ֵܼɸһ𰸣
٣ǰ;
ѧ쳵ı鲻ѿش𲢲⣺
Ͽȷ𣿡
¼ҼֵܵЩ⣬ѵ
¼ʫ鴫ң꣬ʳ
ڳеĵλҲڸְѧʿ֮ʱ۷壬¼ҸˣڳΪ١
⣬ûϵļλֵܡ

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⼸ӣеḶ̌
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ʧֵһʱ䶼ҽӻ
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ģǻģ
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С֮£Ϊλ˵ʲôһ棿
ˡ
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û˵ڣ뵽˸ո˵Ǿ仰
ģǻġ
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ѧ쳵˫ۣдһ˿ãȻ
ȷûж볯ΪٵȴδйԱΪȱ
ѧ쳱˱ۣۼ
С仹δְչƿ֮¿ƽʿͬʿǹС̽
ȱ߲˵Ĺأ˵ʵá
ѧҲ˵ˣδйȱԱ
֫ȱ޷ɱе佫ҲûпȺӡ
Ĺ٣˵Ȳӡ
¼ҹͬ㻨ŽأΪε˿Ҳ
¼ҼֵŬʵʱȴ֣Զǰ򵥣
ٿεְλС֮⣬˭ʵȨˣ
Լλֵܻ࿴˿Էְλڻعζ
Ժʷ̨
ĶһЩ˵ȥ󣬵ȴһʵôҲ޵λá
˳¼ңڼ󣬶ְλҲ⣬ڴ֮ǰδ⡣
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Ȼѧȴ׼һԽ˸Ƶģһ㷴ӦʱҲû
ΪΪΪҪСĺСţСĻؾΪγٳûеõ
ǰѧܿƿ֮㿴һ˿ߡ
ѧ쳲ûôϣÿԴ
Ȼǰ֮£ȴѧ쳳׿ˣ¼ңʼ·ˡ
ˣΪ٣ŵȷ磬ڻУ¾Ͳôˡ
ҪλҲôƫƫ⼸Ӷ
ίΣռ˳ɳռҪλã⳯񲻾ͳ¼һ֮ԣ
׸ҲΪ֮ʱγȴɱ֮ѧϸϸ󣬲
ֻУѧ쳱ΪԼļ·ˡ
żʷ̨Ҳͦ˵ġ
ڽգѧ쳲ŷ֣е׻Щʡ
ɽķ⣬ôɽţ
Ȼڵ¼˵Ҫٴθ̸ף
֮һ·
òϣԹ֦Ķˡ
¼ҼֵǵһδӸ׿ⷬʱҲףΪθ׻ƫڽˡ
Умֹǣ
󡭡
û˵꣬˼ȴǳԡ
ʧˣ¼ҵΣ
Թվӵĳӣɶûʲô³
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ѡ֮¡
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ѧûиӻشʱ䣬˵
ΪĲ֣С»Ͼ㻹һš
ôΪ϶Դ˽٣
Ӧ֪߰˰ˡ
ûж룬˻ش
ΪڳΪȡ˶Դӵķͣȴ˿ûΪôӵĹ̬ȣ黹רһΡ
óĽۣǻӦ֪±ֱʣԲŻԴ¡
Ϊλ֪ȴֲֻᣬʮ¶Ҳû
һΪӦҲΪƺ⡣
ϾʮͶƺҲû̫
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էȻἰ£̲סⷬἰһ顣
ѧǸһ͵
СµĲ뼸ûԭȴǲ´ˡ
ţ̧Ȼǲ´ˣʵʵԭǣ
ʵԭǻּ֪ɣûκαʾ
ѧشʵЩϡ
ʣѧ쳽һ
ǾãǸʲôˣ
⻰˵ʵЩ治˼ˡ
ȻԼ鷿˲˱ֱӳ
ȻĴ𰸼ͬС죺
񡣡
ҵҵ

Щشѧ쳶ЩÿɷֻĿһֱûпڵϡ
ע⵽׵Ŀ⣬΢˼󣬸һλֵܶͬĴ𰸣
Ұģȴʱ
Ұһ㣬Լġ
һμ֮ʱֱָһ㡣
Ǿҵҵ񣬶ԼĿģҪʷ
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ʱӹķӦԼƽʱ͸¶ֻƬƶϳģ뷨
ҪǰǾ˵۵ġ
ΪѧǰĻѾ㹻𾪡
ҲΪ͹ˣҲմȾһЩµĲѱ
Ҳ룬㽫仰ѿڶ
˵֮Щˡ
ڸ˵治֮ԣҪѵˡ
Ȼû뵽ǣȴõ˸һ͵
ԼλһֱҵҵҪµȴһֱûгɹʮ꣬ϻѾʵȴЩʡ
ѧӣЩпʱֹǻϵźͬҲΪӵź
вʣΪϻѡ
ѧ쳻˵ѾˣֵܼǻҪ佫ҲԲˡۡ
Իϳٳδ᲻еȨǶԴ¼Ϊء
ΪϴһʼҪҵģͲǴܹľ
ʱҲףΪθ׸ոջ˵ּ֪ɡ֮ˣ
ԽǿԽԽǿҲԽпǸܹ֮߳ˣ
뵽Ҳ֪ηӦ
ƽһΣܵȫ͸һʲôĸܡ
ԲˣҲˡ
϶Դһһһεķ֣ɴӹڴʽ΢֮ʱԮ֡
ΪˮͬҲƺ⡣
ڻУ֮жۣӡǻϸŵĥʯ
һ̣֪ǸͬԴ˺֪ĴӣӦľڻϵⷬ벼֡
عζ־Щ˼飺
ܿ϶Ĳȷģ


129 
ѧ֪Ƶ,ֻ΢΢ЦЦ
ԭ̫ȷֱǼҳһ⡣
˵⻰ʱѧ쳵Ŀ⿴,ѧ˵Ҳ֪⡱˭
û¼Ҽֵ֮УΨһһְʵȨ,ֻܡ
ĲǵһֱŸһ鷳,ָʹһӡ
ܵһ,Ҳͬû㵽ϸ۹ġ
ǹ黹ΪϵЩͻأ
ҪΪ⿪ԴֻҪּʾ±ɣȫûбҪһҪɣƽĺг
,ƺ֪ԭˣ
ϼȻи,Ѿ¶˾ģôȻҪӴջġ
Ͼѡ,Ҫô֮,ڻ
ƿػѾãóȻջ,ֲܷڡ
ǡʱָܵ㣬ָ˻ʧְ
ã,ؿڣջػõѡ
Իڡ˳ˮۣ
ʶһ㣬ͫ΢΢вɻҲ˽
ѹֻӪʮأȴܹĸƾ֡
ѹĸ缴£ҪĹͷͻȻĪܵ˻ϵ𷣣㣡
ʱҲֻʣһʣ
ˣ
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񽻺ãȻ֪ڴǰʲôģ
ͬд󲿷ӵһ㣬һǴ
齻ãŰ˰ٲ˾Ҳ˵ǰĹСӣʲôŵ
˵֪˹СӲǳ֮ڸѡҲŵġ
ӡ
ѧ΢΢ĬΣһ֮У֮еĴ𰸣
ǻѡӡ
¼ͱ޴Ϣ˵ˡ
ʱ̲סѯʣ
ԣʲô˼
ѧ뵽ʲôƵģ΢΢̾˿
ǿɻǵãǰʤؾʱģ
ǰʤؾģ
ŴԣĬˡ
ʱΪԼԵʣԼ÷԰֮бŲ
ǰģ治֪
ʶ̧ͷλֳѰ𰸣ȴִʱλֳϵı飬һ¡
дһ˿ɵԼԼƺһ˿־塣
ǴӼ˵ⷬ飬ƺʲô
뵽μʱģƺЩס
忴۵׵ɻ󣬵ͬһǰ¾
ожӵĴۣ඼ǿ֮ԣȴܹаŲɣȻĵ
бߵɱ¾ŨѪ֮
⣬ǰ¡
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ǵĻ˵ʱµ񣬾ͬʵСĶ࿴һۣܸоһ˿⡣
ⷬԼμ֪Լֳ޵ķʸ֮ˣҪ˵ǲͬһˡ
Ƕǵˡ
ֵܼ˵ı飬ѧ쳱֪𰸣
Ϊʱϻ϶ԴҪ𣿡
Ȼ
˼бѾ˴𰸡
һʾȻҲѡһʾ
ʱ˵ʾˣǼֱһѵı
ȻȥˣƢɱΪ鲻¶ӣҲܿ϶ǷܿסԼ
ѧ˵⻰ʱ뵽ʲôĿЩ
Ҫ֪𰸣ֻķʽԡ
νġķʽʲôȻԶ

бʣΪĿĲֶΣôǵͻʥּһ£ѡֱӳСӡ
ʱףΪʲô׻˵ǻѡеˡ
ΪһʼϱûںСӵ
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û˵꣬㱻ѧ쳸ˣ
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һӵܣܹ֮ǷܹΡڻ˵һޱȻ
Ϊβܣ
ɫЩѿԼ谮ĺӣѧ΢΢̾˿Ȱ
»ҲЩˡ
ѡСΪӣԭʵѲ¡
СǺӣ˵ȷʸΪ
СֵմӣʱСҲԺ̫Ӱ졣
жʽ΢һ˿ɵΣģҲ޹ؽҪ
ӣټϹƲȻ˳ƶΪ
ϿҲû뵽Ȼӵ˳ڵĲܣͷԡ
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ĲܣܹΪ٣Ϊ͢ЧȻܹӳá
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֪ԼҸ׵ӣ¶ʮɰգײ˵
˵ջˣԴ¼Ժڶ֮еվӡ
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˵⻰ǰο
ȻɼΪܣɺܿʰ飬Ը¶һЦ
֪
ѧҲܿǿջЦҲ֪ȻԼڹ
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ܵʾԺš
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һ㣬ѧ쳲˵ֵܼҲ֪
Ͼʥ⣬ڴδ֮ʱԼλӴۣڲ֮¡
һǴ治֮£ȥֻƬ¸Բ˶ߡ
ΪնȻ˶Ϣֵܼ뿪鷿֮ʱ鶼Щ㱡
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ΪʱӶѾһƬȥĴǣš
ӵлǰ֮¡
֪ѱӣȴܸԷκʾĸоʵ̫ˡ
źƽΪϹᣬΪ֮ܣΪӪģʱִϢС
ϴĲԣȻڣ
ΪǸˣ
ûκѶȣ
ϻۣͨ͸ֲʧϡ
ȻҲ˵һͨ͸֮ˣΪ¶Լľһ֪
һﾪˣ
ȷϻ۵ӣô֪ܲԼľ
ǰ֪Ϊ֮ıҲ֪ݲȻѾ·
뵽ֻûȻʡ
ԭѹؿڵǿʯ˲ʧһ㣬Ҳ˳˲١
ˣ΢΢ЦЦһԼܵԴԺȥ
һûпѧ̾ģ
ո̸֮ǰĻʱΪӵɫѿһ£ѧû˵ڣ
ӷ󣬲лֱӱΪ
󱻽ΪӣʷϣȱȽǡ
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Ͼα䶯Ҫּϻʼ
ȻڣȴֻһΪʥּ
㣬ͲΪӣպϥ²еճ
ҲΪˣѧ쳲Ÿƶ
ʼգжֻһˡ


130 
¼Ҽλ鷿е̸,޴ӵ֪
յܵĻ֮ʱʵЩ⡣
ϾվӣһһϦ¶֮¡
ڲ¥,ܵķӦҲܿһ㡣
ҲһβɣŬڶΡΣڷս׼
Źȥã
ʱ䣬ܻظڣ²ʱɣȻ͸ˣ
ҴܵĻҲѿ,,Ǹ˾֮һ¾ġ
ڵȨô
¶Ҳɱ¶ģ
ǹ˼˰,Ҳû¼Ҽôġ
Ȼ벻ףҲû϶롣
Ҳ¼Ҹģڼ˵ľ˵޺
¼ǱߣȻѾ¶˾֧ȻҲͻԴ¾ľ
ڶ,ܱ㽫һݹ޽ˮ·ļƻȥ
ܴ˾ͻȻ,ֱӴ˻һֲ
Ͼ˭뵽ǰЩ컹ΪοԴ֮¼Ľͷö֮ˣȻͲظôһ
鵽ڳΪٶ,֮ºܿ˷ͻƿڡ
ֱһ粽ǰ,
ϣ飡
ŶڷƻĻʵüͷ΢,к飿
ϣԹ·ǼΪķǮƵĴ󹤳̸̣ף
΢΢,㿪ʼ٩٩̸
Ȼ֮ӯ࣬Щӯ࣬·˵Ǳˮн
´˴˾ΪıҲӦ¹ʵ
У´ΪɣΪ⿪ԴȻ´Ѿ࣬ȴһֱûóЧĿԴ֮
£´˲ʡ˺ķѹ֮£΢Ϊ´˴˾٣ȫ˻ϵĺ
һԴǵĻ
ǳǶ֮ĶԹһ»ĻŻʱľٶûһ˽ġ
˿ɼǿ˻˽ģ˶ԻⷬҲΪͬ
·ڵĹܹܵģ
˵Ӹո͸¶ĻǴ㽫ˮ·롣
ⷬٶ˵ڵĹˣ˵һ󲻾Ļǽʹˣ͢ҲղһǮ
кܵķ˿Ҫ֪ܴʱ׼ƾ֡
˭֪һȥ㿴С´ڵģյı飬·ڱϷָűʧְ˲Ƶġ
Щ͸Ϊλ˵Ȼʱ򣬱״Ļϵ
°Ƿ񹼸޵ĺʲôʱ˵ˣ
ƽһûκȴһɲŭ֮С
ϸһϵ֮⣬ڻһϼΪ
ʲôǷ񹼸޵ĺ˵㣿⻰˵ϵʲô
С˵һʱʧԣԽ˵·ϣ
ȻҲһ㣬һֱӹڵأ
΢΢ֻĹ⣬޴Ⱑϣ
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Ϊֱܳϵļƻһ顣
аƶȡ·շվֳɡ
һһİĴｫҵЩͷΡ
˽İоļƻԺһ˻϶Ի
޿ĹǼ٣ͬ棡
˵˴ʵֱ㳭ԵĲ豭˻顣
ͬ죡
θӦ
Ĳ豭ӲûиҶһ£űƵԴֱֱ顣
ȻҲ֪ǷˣһֱûӦ
ۼŻʵ۵ɫԽԽѿһԱƲæһͬΪ顣
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˺һϵɫ͡
ڴһĹԱΪ˵ʱ򣬱㱻Ͻһ仰˸⧲
ԭΪµĽ㣬㹻䷴ʡڿ޴ˡ
󣬻ûиʹһӦʱ䣬һӣֽһ£ظʡ
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µģԻĳͷ֮󣬻ֿƲؽһ䣺
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˻һһĻˣ
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жݹݹţȥǸݡ֣
ôӵܹܣ
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ٴα㣬ʱ¼һֱӶ˴ӵȫ
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һ㱵ģ¼ҵļλֵܡ
ոշ£
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һǶôȻ
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ץסһѰ޹ؽҪĴ󣬽Ŵ󣬶˳ˮۡ
ֵܼ˸еľͬʱϢϵıСĽ
糯¼֮еյԴӵһѺʺ򡱡
ԴˣѾ¶֧¼ҼӶδϡ
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ӻϻϵܿԴµӳ̶ȡ
һ仰ȻѾ֧¼ȻҪΪ¾ľ
ڻ֮ϣʼ뵽˾ĵʱֱܵ˹
ͬʱҲ˵Ҫͬ¡
һֱ⵽˲ִ󳼵ĵơ
˵ʲôѼ޸ΪӦרĺլòֳ֮͢¡
ο·֮¹شһլ֮ʸֵģ
ȻܷЩ˵ϱȿڣܵҪ󣬴Ӧ¡
ܸû뵽ϾȻӦˬ졣
Ͼͬ˵ӼΪޣ㲻ӵֳ֮µʸ
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дһ˿˿
뿪鷿֮ʱûסͷһڵеĻʵһۡ
ԺвȻ鷿֮У׵һڸп
»ҲЩˡ


131 
Ѳ,ϵûкڣ޴ӵ֪
ҲֻĬĬջԼ,˳鷿
ùһͬ޽ˮ·£ʱ㴫¼˺͹ĶС
֪ʼܵ¼ҵļλֵܣرԼĸǽһ޲ڡ
Ͼû,ԼҸ˵,ʼǽӡ
ʶǵ,Ǵպ·ⴢϻֱһƣ
ڣԸ·˵ȴ֮Ҳ֤϶ûɱˡ
鷿֮̽бһֱѹһʯͷ,˿ھЩ
Լĸ,Ҳһ˿Ц⣺
Ȼˣĸͬȥ,˳ҲɽϢ֪£
Ҳá΢΢ͷ
լ֮˲ǰ֮,Υơ
ù鸨֮£ϲδּ,ֻһͣΪת
ͬҲͣ¼ֵһζԼҸͶ
ոױ˵,ǻġ
ϲһһɲ䣬ֻ֪֮ˣջϱʵж֤һ㡣
ԭΪչ֮ܣȼ޸ΪӴԵڳãжȻź
˻ϵͣȻɲĹҲο塣
õ֮ͣ󣬹ûֱӱֻ̬һ⣺
ôͻȻ뵽Ĺˣ
Ȼ֪ΪͻȻʼ£ʵʵ˴𰸣
滮ǵдӦû֪
ܻ˳һµʱм󳼷ԣһ͡
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ȻֻǸ˸һ䣺
ûĹ˵ƻǡ͡Ĺӵġ
ǿһ֣͡ʱҲڻعζˣ
ǣִ£
˵ܣҲֹסĲ졣
ϾĳֽǶ˵ģŲٹͬ㡣
Ʃ˶ػƩ˶ΪԪأԵ;
ʶΪΪ֮ϣܹ֪һЩʵ뷨
Ȼһֱ˵˸־Ϊ֮һȤҲûС
ȴãһЩ޿ѡ֮µЭ
ڣԸԼʦĹѯ֮ʱҲ˵Ϊ֮²ȤרѧҲ֮Ļش
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Ҫ֪ǰɾֻɨĹʱˣ
ҪǽٳΪ˼Լ¹ƵʣҪϵİɣ
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ĸ߹ϰ岻ˣඪ룬ĸ߹һע˾ˣǳ˶ɴñеԴķհ
ԼƢԼ֪֪֮
ԼƢҪ볯Ϊ٣λ˳λãϳϦԣ¾رĵϵĿʼ
ҪǻʵСһЩƾܶԼС
֮⣬ùԵ˿ȤҪһԭ򣬱ԱĹˡ
Ե߷ո߻رĹԱߣڱıرĵϣ⹤ôҲöԵɣ
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͹֪ģκλɫ룬Լҵְ
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ȻˣΪʲôҪȥѡոߣΪ֮·
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һ䡰ҿ,ֱֵܶЩ˵
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ˣܴĳЩԱпһ˿С
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֮󣬹ְﻧ˺ü⡣
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ЩԱµƿԵͬʱҲֻӲеǿڶ
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ѹÿ˵ʱǼλֳС¾Ȼô򵥣ôû뵽ĻȻ֮С
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133 
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ΣжԹжĳɼ˿Ҳòϣλһλв֮ˡ
Ϊļ룬ǵĹ,չ˳ࡣ
ЩԭԹ鿴˳۵ĹԱ,ṤЩԭͶԹ鼫Ϊкøеˡ
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134 
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ҦӲûвȡʩ
Щµĵһ
Ҧӱ̸Σԩ˽ⲻ˽ᣬ˫ʲôᣬ˵˱á
˭֪ȺӲԵģֱӽ̸ҦӸ˻ȥ
ҦӼ״ҲЩ˶̸ֱӱ˹١
ٸҲܿ죬ʱ㽫µ˸ˡ
Ϊʹͣȥ˭֪Щ˱ȴִŵúܡ
һ˱ٸˣ̰˵ڶ˹¡
Щ˱ƺҲھЩȨƣٸߵЩˣûñܱų
Ҧڱ˼ι֮Ҳһֱٸ鷳ֻܾʹա
һȥҦȻҲ޴ֵĸо
֮⣬黹·˵ĿУõһЧϢ
ûĻЩӦǸϵˡ
иŵūͣᴩͳһķΣһ㣬ȻҲǴЩϵķοġ
ŴԣԺԻһλϢ
λܱΪΪĲжΪ˶ٹס
Ϊϣһĸͬá
һڻϵǻ֮ǰȵ۵ĳ谮
ҲΪˣڸĻϣȵҲôġ
ֻݲһȥҹӡ
ĳֽǶ˵Ļ£ȹ֮
д˵ڱָ֮ǰѾŮӶ
룬ĵλ͡
ٲܳĹҲڹûй檡
ͻʥּһ£˵Լ˵пܡ
ΪˣжԸҲǨŭ
Ȼڻʼҵ棬ҶԳʲôûദ֮ʱйһ㣬ݲݲݵر
в˳һӺҲûȥķУ޶ͬסһ£İ˶硣
ڳĶӳĵڶ꣬Ҳǻϵǻһ꣬Ӧȥˡ
ĲţĴҲкܶࡣ
˵Ȼŵ以ȥϢһʱûͨġ
Ҳ˵Ϊ޷ɷʹɱ߱ġ
Ȼ˵ҲֻСΧ
о˲²⣬ҲóȻ˵ڡ
Ͼȥ֮ʱǡϵǻ֮ʱ
ʱ˶ڻϲ˽⣬ǻΨһһһĸͬá
˵ֻ֮߱ǲ²⣬ڹϣ븣йأҲǲ˵ʲôġ
ڻ࣬ӱɥ֮ʹƸΪ˳󣬸˸Ҷ֮ɡ
ֻǵ˺ʱƣ˲ŷ֣븣ΪһĸͬãƸ䳤ķţ볤֮Ĺϵƺǰ׺
ٳ˷밲ӣټǹš
ǷڱȥʮôĴβԸȥ
ҲǻƵʲôͷȣҪչ˼ӡ
϶ԴƺҲ⣬ɴֱ˸밲
ʱ佥ˣͲôʹ߶ˡ
֪µһˣҪ֮֮¾ᣬȴʱչҲѾʱ֮УҲֻա
ҲΪˣϵˣҲ븣ϵ
ôҲȽ϶صĴˡ
彻ãһĸͬã֮ĹϵȴҲƽƽ
ȹ˾ߣԹߡ
ôһˡ¾ûἰڽ֮ǰ븣Ҳûκǣ
ȻܶԸ˽ЩΪ֪˽
ܹ֪֮ϸҪһԵӵµĸ
Ǳڼ˼ʱüͷ΢ԴãȻģ֪ԼɩԸ˽⡣
ɴڹĶߵ븣йصһϵϻ˵һ顣
˵꣬ӻԼĹ۵㣺
ε¶ǶһѲ˸ϵ
ţ
ǿӰԵĹ飬ʱ˼ѵóһ˿͡
˼Ƭ̲ŷӦӿеĶһףǸǸӡ
ʶӦӶУڹ˵
Ҳûֻ˵¶
˵ԣӿ̫ˣ˵Ŷһˡ
ɷţһ˽һ󣬴ĳ̶ֳ˵붡һΪ
ҲΪˣԶһǽһ
һҪϵǣ;Բժ
ΪΨһĳòʹཻųţ
ѰѫԳ֮ʱҲñâ
ŶԶһףҲžŵġ
ţھҲǶһݶһ׻ʲôģȻǿ֪
ǰ˶˵ɩǾгӵܣⲻ֪붡һױɩǲĶĶ
˵̲סпһ䡣
ϣҲǿһ۵ġ
СҲǸ첻ߵģߡ
ԺζٴӲȥΡ
°֣Ƿֺմ
͹СӵֳڶһǰֱɵСҼң
˵֮ӱ˲ԡ
öһȥԼɩȣֱǶԼɩ衣
ڿԼɩ飬һʱʧԲ⡣
æͬһǸֽص˶һ׵ϡ
ӵܵĶһףԼļûھС
ҲΪСɵԸ񣬶һЩزɵζ档
ԵĲ˵㣬κһ΢ЩͷҲػ·ڰӵֽ¶
ӵݶ
һײ
һֻҪܹԼ˲ʹ죬ԼٶҲνӡ
ʶڿЩϴŸϵķʱбѾ˴𰸣
ЩˣǶһġ
ҲܹͣΪ˹ٸ֪¸Ĳҵڽµץ֮תͷֽ˷˵ľٶˡ
һٰȰȣ°ֱͣʳһΪؼ⣺
¸ʲôطܹﵽλү
¸ŮԻʿֹ
Ķλ¸ҵѾˣ˵ⶡүҪȥ¸ѣȴ֮߳ŭ˾ٶҲʵЩ˵ͨ
֮⣬¸ƺҲûԵĵطܹﵽλү
λһ׶ү˴ĵ¸鷳ΪΣ


138 
ոջ٩٩̸ͬ˵⸣ϵİԵ,Ҳһ˿հס
ҡҡͷ
⳼ܾͲ֪ˡ
һ˵,ӱ뵽ʲôƵ,ɫ˱䡣
Ե仯,벻עҲѣ
ô
ͻȻ뵽,ĸϽȷһЩ̫¶,֪Ƿйء
˵⻰ʱ,ϵıЩ졣
ü,һʾ˵
õʾ⣬Χ˿Ŵյ˹ԣֿٵػһ䣺
ɩǰЩӲ֪Ϊ,ͻȻͶһ˺룬˵Ը,ҲԸദһա
ɩһס
Ӷ˵ĳƺһеԶ
ӹԼ붡һǵݹϵ,Զһӵ¶Ī
һԿֵİվûô˼ˡ
ЩǸϵĺ󣬱㿪ʼһһ˹ڶһ׵Ȥ¡
ȻЩ۵,ôҲ¾ϰһʱ,Ѱ˵ҪһЩ
ʱ,߳ԹȺڵУ֪ʼĩ
һ׵ӣǳӢĵŮΪϪ
˵һ׵,϶Ȼ̫˳
ЩͷȽ۰Ůѫ˼ңὫԼҹŮôһˡ
ӢԸ⽫еŮһףȻҲԭ
ѫ֮УӢƽ˼ңѾꡣ
Ҳ˵뿪ʼӢѾǳѫ
ҲǾ崣λÿλ·Ҳвͬ
λϪС㣬ӢбȽϵùһ
Ϫ֮ʱӢŸովһʣǰļҵԼףſסҵ
ҲΪˣӢһλԸڴֹеĹĻġ
ģѰ۰Ů˼ҵĲͬ
ӢΪԼŮѡ֮ʱòѧƷֻ˵ļ
ⶡһȻˣǸΨһĶӣԺٲãҲܱλ
㳤ֻйʵȨݣھҲŵϺŵġ
ټϪǵŮȴǳӢŵϥ£˾ĵŮ
һŮĵŮʼҵףڵʱӢ˵˵쳣
ھеĹŮ˵һȻ䡣
Ӣ⣬ϪţĸӢҲ˵ϻ
Ϫм㲻ԸҲֻӲİţ޸һס
ȼ޸һ׺ϪӲù
Ķһ׷ǵûκǰǸӻˡ
Сͨһһֱ̧ڵĺԺ˸
ˣڸҡ¥ļӻһͬҲû
˵һҲʳ
ӢѡŮȻһЩҲǰңŮĽһҲû¡
ϪţҲǶ徭ġ
Ȼǰ£ܹ֮绨ѩʫԣҲһྴͺ
ķܹˣ
˵ϪӢѰ˼׵Ůܲӹһ衣
ྴǲˣǲǶġ
Ϫԭţ붡һԶһЩЩС֮ͨŲʱǡ
ƫƫϪһɫöһ׺ϲ
Ϫһ۵ģСûܹίĶүȻǴΪ⣬Ϫٿͷԡ
棬һЩСϢ
˵ǵһΪϪԹ˲ٻزɵֶΡ
䣬Ϊݹڲߵֹͬˡ
ܽһⷬģɼԶһ׵簮
簮ڻȻҲûиı䡣
ÿһϪִǲԵɵؽϪѵһ
ЩϪռ볤ʱ򣬸ûǰϪû
룬ŮҼǼ޴ˣҲֻ㽫ʹһ·ߵڡ
ѫ˵ǣˡ
ϪڳôίҲֻǴѪ̣Ȼûкĵ
Ϫ룬ѫ˼֮У˵ǿٵͷһ⡣
Ϫ볤գѾͷˡ
˵ǰϪˣûͻȻ롣
ƫƫϪˣڳ֮ʱڶ͵棬޹˼ɵ˴¡
ʶԴϪһ쿪ʼϢͬƽһףٶȴ
ҲǰЩӹæŻˮ·滮Լб֮£ϢԺһЩŶԴ˺֪
ҲϰһЩģȻҲ˵
ԼɩѾʼĩ˽һ˼ģӲɳȰ˵
ɩҲ룬ɩ֮£Ӧ¸޹أһֹϵƽ˵ҲֻҸڷйˡ
˵⻰ȫֻΪ˰ο顣
Ͼ£һǰʵû
˭ϵȴֻǵƳһۣ
⻹˵׼
ʲô
㶣㵵ؿŹ飬Ȼ֪Ϊλ˵
ȻȴûнеֻĿ˲ԶӭҦϡ
£򰲡
ߣҦ֪Լֵµ˽¸鷳󣬱֪ӣԹһˡ
¸е¶úҦӱϵسš
Ÿյػ·ڣԶԶ㿴ԼҵµӰҦӱ֪ԼЩˡ
ЩӣŸϵֵ⼸ϷҦӿػ·ϵĺˡ
Ÿյס˾˵Ŀ⡣
ϵ˼ҦӣԭҪǰҵ鷳˭֪ת۱㿴վȺеĹ飬Լվڹֹꡣ
ǳϵˣƽʱԼүھҲȥ
ЩֻηҦ鷳ļƻ
ֻԭѾݻĽȴȻĴһЩոգһЩһָɣζ档
Щ˵ⷬɣֻû΢΢˰֣ʾҦ
Ҧԣ΢΢̧̧֣ʾȲ
Ȼ˵ĵطȲ˵ϵЩˣ˵һߵĳԹȺڣǸ޲ýҦߣҦ׼˵ЩʲôģЩܲס
¸ȻҲǲȥġ
ϾŮԻֹĹأǹҦԶ£Ҳȥơ
󣬹ֱֹػ·ԵĲ¥жһ䡣
ֵİռ״ȻЩģеӴģڹȥһҦӻ˵Щʲô
ȻڿվһԻֹҲֻδ뷨
ֹ굽׸˹ЩʱˣԹҲΪ˽⡣
µĲ¥ᣬӴλȥպÿԿػ·ڵƬС㳡
ڲ¥֮УҲ׵ع۲쵽Щ˵Ķ
ⲻһ̧ۣ㿴һų˵·ūͣػ·Ҵȥ֪ȥ˭ŵģ
Ŀջغ󣬹Ҧ°ͣ
˵˵ɣô¡
Ҧ΢΢˸Żڣ
ص£¶ҪǰЩն¶˵𡣡
һһ֮Իػ·ô֣׻ǺϪ֮йء
¸ҵѾЩʱˣھеĹŮȦУҲӵ쵱š
ڼнеŵĹŮ¸еĻԱ
ϪȻܶһԼĴĥݰھеĹŮ֮УĶϱҲŵϺš
ʱվˣȻϪ¸з档
ϪһΣ㱻¸ĵķ񣬰һ߹ĺڿԱ
ֻҪÿգ¸Ħ
¸еĻӣǹ˵רΪŮдġ
л硶̼С㸺ɡǰŮĻӡ
ҦֹһϪпĽЩŮӵˬҡ
ҦΪ¸еƹȻ˵¸ѵĹŮȴǴ󵨷ԣϪĻʾͬ
ҲϪ֮ǰĹѣ֪ϪЩ겻ףǼȰ˵Ϫ¸һЩ
ƩڹļѾˣһεļһΣŮҵԼĹߣӦ
Ʃ糤ȻʵȨҲǲɺ
ƩϪѾôˣٻҲȥ
еϪӦ޸һףԭΪԼĸܹڹһƬ֮ء
ȥ꣬ϪĸѾţϪѾûκιǣͿ붡һ׷ˣ

ҦܹʱƣϪ¸еĴԽԽ࣬ʱҲԽԽ̡
ÿѵģҲӰĦݣתƵ˵Ļ֮ϡ
Ϫ˵𳤹ģҲһʼҡڲļᶨơ
ǸʱҦӱ֪ڳܾ˴ĥķˣҪ¶ˡ
ʱҦֻΪϪܹຣеˣȫûʶ¶¸ʲôӰ졣
ֱϪ룬һ¸鷳ʱҦӲŷⶡһױϪ˵ĸӻˣҲӻزɡ
ѾҦӾ˲ףҲȫû³̡
¶ūûпȫˡ
˵ҦӲ鸣˸
һԵӣĿɿڴɵпţ
Ҳֵܹ¸
¸˵Щӣ硶̼С㸺ɡҲǿġ
ʱȻеݹھף񲻺ϡ
ӵֻǻӣ˭Ὣӵ¶棿
Ҿ˵棬ҲӦùڻϰɣ
һ¸鷳ɣЩ˵ȥˡ
˭Ϲֻǰ˰֣ʾҦ
¶޹أˡ
ҦЩ㵣
µ˼ǣѾϵ˻нգ
£㲻ǽգҲգϪҲϪϪ
΢΢һڲ裬ƽ
ֻû뵽һȻô졣
¾˵̼С㸺ɡݹھס
̼С㲻Ǹ˿棬˸ȫ;ʵ֮ٲûڸ
˵д˳
дˡ̼С㸺ɡһһֱд˺ü
д¼Ȼܹӳĵʵ뷨ôӦģ˵£ҲһӰܹ֮УǱĬظıſЩֵ˵뷨
¸еĻӣһźŮƽȡŮҲܶȵȵŮȨ˼롣
¸еĹŮǣЩӣе˼άı䡣
һ˵дʱ򣬱ѾԤ
ȷû뵽һô졣
ϾŮӣͬĹŴ󲿷ֳŮһ㣬һֱԷΪ˼ϴԡ
էȻһֲͬǶЩŮѾγɵ۵һֳˢ
رǱѰյŮңѫ˼ҵŮԣܵĽҲϸ
ҪؽۣǶʱܹɵ¡
ڹԤ֮УùŮȫܻ֮дݵ˼Ҫһϵʱ䡣
Ȼ¸ҵڣҲ̶ĸ²Ҧӵ˼Ϫһ¸ѵڣҲ̶ʱ䡣
̶࣬ȻܹϪ¶˾ġ
ɴ˿ɼϪڳӣ±˿ģѰ
ӺҦ˵ˡ
ȻܹϵǵķӦ
˵ǲǹģ
ȻڹҦӻӣҽ⻰ֱʳڡ
ǹ飬˵Ǿ仰󣬱˼ʲô
뵽ʲôƵģ̧ۿ˿Ҧӣ
ֳ֮ɻ
Ҧҡҡͷ˴𰸣
δ
Ϫ뵽գѾȥգڼ䣬ϪҲû¸һΡ
Դ˵˿Ҳ⣬΢΢˵ͷʣ
ǿɻϵλ
⡭
ѡƹ֮ʱǿһ׼ǣƹп˱ֱĽǮϵ
ĸӣһƹ˳ѣٲûʲô鷳
Ϊ¸ԣһ㣬ǷҦӶΡ
ҦΪֵƹȻȥһߡ
ʶڹ⣬ЩѵҦˡ
Ҳˡ
ĿⴥҦϵΪѣȻҲ뵽һ㣬һ⣺
ڳӢ
⵹ѲҦӣ
Ӣ
֮󣬻ΪӦ֤ԼǾ䡰Ҿã¶ϣҲԸٺദһգҲ³Ͷһ׸鷳
Ϫ˵ͣذ˳
֪ʲôԭϪ󣬻ǽ˸ӻԼϡ
⼸գϪΪ˺֮ʱûȥ֣Ҳûа
Ǿȥϵݸɡ
΢΢˵ͷܿ˾
Щ¶Ǽ֮󣬲ź
˵ţĿ⣬ػ·ڵС㳡Ͽ˿
ϵû뿪
ǡ
õԸֹ΢΢˵ͷתȥӢͰȥˡ
ֹֻŸճûãִ˻
ţ
еĲ豭ֹͶȥһɻĿ⡣
ֹĽų̹죬ô̵ʱ䣬ҲȥӢϵһذɣ
һֹ̣˹𰸣
¸ճţ˹ϵ˵һ档


139 
ⲻ˵ܲ,ܲٱ㵽
ֹȥӢͰΪ˼λһ档
ȻԼˣֱ,ȻҲͲȥˡ
õ׿,ֹתȥ,ʱ,λ˽
΢΢̧ۣһֹˡ
һλﴩɫ,ɴ,鿴ҲС
¶üۣܿ䳤Ӧס
һλǴɫ,ݵ,Բ԰׵ݣȴ俰ЩԼ֡
֮⣬лһĨŨǳüۼҲһ˿ࡣ
ٿԺɸ˷ٵһͷ˿,Ҳܹµλˡ
Ӧǰ붡һֺϪ
뵽˴,۵׻һĨȡ
ǴӸոյǾаյۣ֪,Ϫ䲢
ŮӴ飬ٶ껪
һμŮӵȹ̵λĳ룬ǲڸھ
ʶϪڼ꣬Ѿ޸˶һס
֮ޣ񲻹ʱ䣬Ҳ˵ϪӦʮһꡣ
ʮһ,ں󲿷û߳ѧУ԰ֻһĺӡ
ͬϪȴѾࡣ
Ѿ²⵽˵ϪݣžԼüۼĨ࣬ΪѾʮ
˵Ůżҹĺòãɫܿ
ʱҲ⻰ʲô˼ˡ
ʹϪʱģܿڶһϪ޼ǵ㴫ţ²ǿѨ硣
ڹϪʱϪ΢΢˸
¡£λ򸣡
ض񡣡
΢΢̧̧֣ʾϪ
ɩ˿
ĿһԵӣ̬ȱҪࡣ
˵ֽĿϪλɫĹϣ
λǣ
еãһͬˣλ֡
Ϫ΢΢ӦӵĻ
ϪĽͣϪҲһ
ϪⷬԼûȡµɴ֪ϪûнýܸԼʶ˼
Դˣӵǲ⡣
룬ͽŮϪѾΪ˸Ůӣط浹ǲô̡
ûж׵С˵Ͷˡ
Ů˫ûн׵ԸļǶȻͬʽԼҵĹġ
òĽ㣬ʲôùģǡҦҲڣҦһúˡ
Ȼ˼뾴лҲԸϪ

˵Լλ°ͣʾֹϪһ衣
ⲻ֪򵥵һ仰ȴֱϪĺøС
ǰЩ뿪ʼϪģͬĿ⣬в˾ں֡
Ӣλ׽ĽãԼǰĹѣû˽Ҫ뷨档
˶ΪֻҪź룬ͬ붡һ׺úһ֡
ʹӸոӶĳƺܿ
ɩ
֣Ȼ׽Լ֮⡣
˵һ䲻ʶôĻֻҪ뵽׽ԼأǽǶһ׵ӵĻϣϲҪ
λȴͬ
ſʼλк棬оȣ⣬һ˿壬ûͬ߸ϵĸӡ
Ϫůĵģǹĳƺ

֮ǰ˶ĳƺ
ĽзϪһ˲λŮʱڣ·δ˸δ볤ҲδЩĥ
Ƕˡ
ԭ֮ǰϪл
ϾΣ¸ȥ˲鷳
ڼ󣬼鿴Լʱ̬Ⱥ
ϪԭƮķ
ߵ棬Ϫûչ֮鸣˸
Ϊ֮£¸˲鷳¸ɵʧԸһеˡ
ˣ޹ء
ЦЦ̧̧֣
̫ϲͷ˵ﻹɡ
ǡ
鶼˵ˣϪ˵ʲô
ֻ΢΢ڹλ
º󣬴ϪλãǡÿԿػ·ƬС㳡ϣµĸϵˡ
״Ϫ϶һ˿ѿеҲԡ
׼ٴͬȻڣ˹ԴһЦ븧οɤ
£Ҳţǲ֪չˣɷ֪
ûʲô㲻ġ
ϪȻû뵽鲻¸󣬷˽£㶣ܿ㷴Ӧ˹
µЦء
Щ¼Ȼ˿ڣݣҲͲ˵ˡ
ϪȻڳٰ֮ʱ˴ʱ˸Ƿ꣬ȻѾ档
ڹȻˣϪҲû˿Ľչͬ˵˸ס
ѫ˼޻Ǻ룬һС¡
ᵱϪڶѫ棬ӲǸ˳Լһ׺ôһû
ڳԼһжһڶ˵ʲôҲԸϪ顣
Ϫ˼գ˫Ѿ˼ա
ڳǱ̬ȵǲһʼǰˡ
˵ԸϪɣǲܺģϪ룬Ǿһֽߡ
ϪοԸ
мж𣬾СҲס
ԵĲ˵ȻҲŮӵмӰ죬Ҳֻǣһˡ
ȴͬ
ѫ˼ӷ˲ˡĴײޡ
֪֪Ϫĥãǲ֪ģٲ˵Ϫ֪㣬˷ҵ
гһŮԣһ޷Ĩȥ۵㡣
ӢӵҲãӵԼͲࡣ
ټϱŹڵĹǼ׷棬Ȼ䡣
Ӣеأ
ϪἰӢʱ˵λĵŮ
䣬ȻᱻӰ졣
ϪǲΪԼǣҲҪΪӢŮǡ
ԼһǡǡҲǿһ㡣
ֱԸϪҪôһֽȥҪôΪǰЩֳ鷳Ӣߵȥͬ
һϪԸܣҲ˽֡
ôôҪ
Ӽֱ챻Լҹĸɧˡ
˶ܿǶһ׺͸
£ǾȻϪԼߵ֮ѡһ޳о
֮ȣ鵹ΪֻƤƳһۣ
ǽղ֪£
ǲ˽ⳤԼһˣʹ˶Ը¸·ӱܿж͡
ֱӱ仰˸ƿԡ
ûһײҪҲһˣô
ӣ½ĿϪϣ
׼Σ
ϪŹԣ㶣̧ŴʱޱȵС㳡˳˼
һ˼˰ʱ䡣
ΪϪῪ֮ʱϪ˵ĸ֣
Ҳ֪
ǵġ
ϪҲ֪Ǻá
ʱű͵룬Ȼ嶯Ҳȫǳ嶯
һ죬Ϫڿһۿţó˾
Ǹ첻ߣͬ۸ڶɷѯǲǷˣʱޱʹġ
Ϫ֪ʹһʱģҪΪ˵һʱʹ죬ޱȲصĴۡ
˵¸
ԭǾйŮǾĵطȴһֵſȸ
²ûΪ¶κǨŭϪɷǳⲻȥ
֮⣬ӢĽǡ
죬ЩЩ˵ߣͬ顣
˵ˡͺ룬ûʲô˵ģȥһƬ֮
ڣΪѡһҪ󣬸ڵĽҲԹԡ
ճ֮ǰϪʶλ֧Ľõ
˵СѾ
˵ϱвģһܲסֵǷꡣ
˵ۼϱҪˣٲûΪʱӰ졣
˵˽ֻԼʹ죬ȫ˸ǵ
˵ʲôĹȥˣֱѰһ߰籵գҲһ˰ˡ
ֳôĶֱ֪ν
ȻλöҴҸúһ飬˵Ļ׻һĶӣֱֱϪС
էȻŹʱʱϪĳƬãȻ
ȫ֪·Ӧߡ
˵ĽǶ˵ȻõĽ
ǳֲ飬ܺȥδӣ
ǶȻܵģҪߵͬͬ˵ģѰһ߰籵һ˰ˣ
ʲô֪ģǺǾͺǺžˣ
һԣҦ˵ŴԺ̲סˣ
Ϳ˭ĵù˭ǹֲ㣡
˵⻰ʱư
Ȼڳвֲûз
֪Ǻ⣬Ϫҡҡͷ
һֱţ
Ůӳޣûûһֱסҵĵ
񲻺ϡ
룬Ҳôһ£ֳԵ
ǾǸˣǹŮܳ޲ɣ
Ȼǲ޵ġ
ڹҵģһĸͬĵ֡
λλȨأʵȨͬʱҲǳÿء
Ӣõĳ谮ѾҪǲժĵزѫȦ˾֪
Ȣ˼ţλգǸŵ
ֳôϳأ
ȴûĹûӢĺֳ
ЩŮ֧бµĵûС
Ҫıȡһź£Ͳʲô׵£ܵϪ֮µӰ죬Ǿ͸ϼˡ
⻰˶Уһɡβʳӣζ档
Ϫȴֻҡҡͷû˵
ϾҲǺ⣬ȥЩʶôˡ
ӣϪע˻
Ǿ취õǡ
ɲһ׵¡
ܹõȻǺõģڳ̬ȣǼù
ֻҪ˼벻£ܱѶ࣬취ġ
鵱Ȼ֪¶ףҲûпܡ
ŴԣϪʱǿϣ鼤ؿŹ飺
󣡡
ǹѾЩʱգѾ֪һϲдĳëһֹ
Ϫڿ͹ڵأҪƾ֮ˡ
һԵ֣ͬգһ˫ˮĴ۾Ź飬ڴ
ո˵ʲôνһӡǾǡ֮ĻҲףõѡ񣬻ܹõ顣
Źһ仰
յһں󣬻ѯʣ
˲Ҫ޵У
⡭
ۡȿȿȣ

˭ҲûϵȻܹ˵ôһ仰
һԺȲӣΪһ仰һڲˮǺɤУϲȥ²˸˺ѷΡ
ֹ꿴ȥϵѨϵ£Žȳ˿ຣ
Ϫľ֮ǿʼ˼Źһ仰
һ仰˵úãڡ
ݹһ䡰˲Ҫ޵С˵ٺʲˡ
һ׺ͳΪܹ޿֣
ǿŲҪ
Ϊں˵ۣԳڴ֮ͥ¸û
ҲΪҪԲǽ֪һǸʲôɫʱҪôһֱ飬Ҫôӹһһݣߵس޳Ҫ
ԱķҲܼ򵥡
Ϫϵı飬֪ˣ΢΢յ£
ֻҪȳӲҪˡ
⡭
ò˵飬ＫΪĶ
Ȳ˵һ䡰˲Ҫ޵С˵ٵѾûκˡ
ܽڵϪȻԸġ
Ǻܿ죬Ϫ㷢֣һ⣺
Ӧ£
ӢȻ¼ǰ㣬ʫ񴫼ң֪ʶİҡ
ϪΪĵŮСѧϰܣ濴ñʲôҪ
էȻҪ֮£ϪЩ֪֡
⻹򵥣
ڹ˵ѵĵǸ£Ϫϲ
ڼϪ̬ȣ֪²ˡ
ͷʾϪ⿴
ⲻһõʾ𣿡
˳ŹĿȥǡÿԿػ··ڵС㳡ϵµĵط
ڸ̨ӵֽ֮£һããȻҲá
ЦЦţ
¸ɹĿȻҲ¼
Ϫû˵ӱ㱻Լɩˡ
»ôѧ
ȻĽĻȴס
²ôѧѧʤ
鿴Ŀɿڴŵһۣ
㿴ȥģô仰ģȫȡѵϼ׽
ʲô鰡ʲôʫʲô˳һ㣬Ҳ˼һЩ
˵뵽ʲôƵģţ
ڳ˲ٴĥ׳ҵķʽҪ󣬶Īίɣȫ˵ôˡ
ȻѶϼ£ֲ٣ʱһ·򣬿Ƿס
˶԰֮¸Ȥԡ
ʹӸոչܹΧ˵б㽫ϪԼһֻĹ˾ܿ̽һˡ
ò˵ӵȷһ㣬ϸ룬ȴҲ޵
Ϫ˼Ƭ̺󣬼Ǻԥر˵ͷ
Ա֮ʩⷨӲܽˣ


140 
Ա֮,ʩķӣϪ˵ʵ޺
Ҫ̨ͬ,ζϪҪЩѿ,ڴ֮ͥ¡
˻ֽԭѾ˿˺ûκ
ϪҲûӦ
˵һǧ˰,ôҲ˵һǧ
ǲⷨ,һǧҲ޷˵зֺ
ͬҲܹ˾,Ϫ˵ζʲô
ڼϪܹˬ,֪ѾȨе,ϲɳһ˿Цݣ
ϲ˵
Ϫͨ͸ͲȥѿףЩʱӣסӵĵ
ȻѾ¶˾ģ,ࡣ
ǹ׽,д顢˳ԼʫȽ,ϪüΪ⡣
ǡ⾩,û˱ó˵
Ϫֱλ˵
Ϫ⣬ɲΪ˾ຣ,ҲΪ˽¸Σ
Ϫ,һӣͷӦ
һ׻˵úã˰ﵽ,ͷ͵
ռȻѾ˵ݶˣΪһʧҲϸڵĵط,ϪһЩ顣
߹ϪŶԸԼһ׵ķӡ
һߣһҲ˿У˵˹鵽ػ·Ϣ
ֻϢʱ䲻̫ɡ
ʱ򣬶һͬһԴһ˿壬ȴ쳣ŮĲֺ
ϪڵĻһ۾ϳʱ붡һֵģǰЩӶһײŸɽС檣
붡һ׵С檲ͬǳԾ¥к¥̻Ůӡ
˵Сʱ򣬱㿴׵ݣ䵱պλĲѡ
ΪܹڹǣһüǮк¥ûϻ˼
Сʳعţͬʱǧı׼
黭ͨ˵һɹе֪ʶ
ȻԵ߳īߺڣôҹı׼Ͽڸ¥ʵ
Źȣϵ׻մȾһ˿¥Ůӵ糾
ŵĹ㣬ϪŮӣȻǿ۵ġ
дһ˿ף߹ּһ˿ḡģȴǡǡöԲӾ
򻨴УŮĶһס
ڼʱҲ˲ϧǮΪţһݡ
ڽ븮󣬶һ׶ҲǼΪ谮նĴŶٳˡ
Ÿսûãһϡʱ
ⲻ˽šץѽ~Ϸ
ֻ˵Ķһף˵ĻȻǲġ
ѵһһĶõ񶨵Ĵ𰸺󣬱˻֣ʾŵ˿뿪ˡ
󣬱תԼȢŵ
ڻĶһȻûпˣֹı顣
ڶһ׻еĵصѯʣ
үȥ¶
һʻǧذת·Źһ㣬ղܡ
⽿ε̶ֱһԳ
£ֻڱү£
˼ɣ
˵ɲöԸ
Դӹ󣬾ô£ɵҲܿеŵ
񣬹Ѿˡǡë붷𡱵ȵȱǩ
ʼġݰ竡ȵȣѾʧӰˡ
Դˣһ׵ǲÿɷ
Ǻ˰ˣ
ڹ飬һ׻ûзϡ
˶ԹжڶһУǰǸҪƵߵĹСү
رڸո˵Ѿȥػ·£ȴûиκηӦĻʵ˹ڶһе
ﻹ˵ʲôһ΢һ˿ͷ΢΢ؿı任
˲רģǱүŬ
Ȼʲôٶ˵ͬһģ
ûУүɡ
ոˣԭͬһ˵һ˵ϪϢ
ⷬĿ󣬱֪ԼүӦû¶ˡ
룬˼棬ӦҲʲôҪ¶
󵽵׽ߵĻ˻ȥתȥ
붡һҲû뵽ôһǿҪ¶ȴһ볤鷳
ʹϪ̸ͬ㲻ѿ⸣ϪǶһöġ
ڼȻܹ֮ϾϵķӣϪȻƬҲҵ
ֱ֮󣬱Ǽ˵ҹЩԼʫ˳д˳
ÿֵµ˴󷽡
ϪҲһʵģλǰ׽˵һ
ǿȵļӰ࣬չ
ڶһ磬ϪЩӻ˳ɢ˳ȥ
ԴӴ֮󣬹Ϊƿؾ˲ŬʱգѾõ˲СĳЧ
ڲǴԶѣȻ
ԼһյϢʱЩԼСϢѾ˸Ƿꡣ
ûиһ㷴Ӧʱ䡣
ʱ򣬶һײŷ֣ƺȷѾеǸСүˡ
ֶΣжػ·ڰڵǸ̯ӣֻСëӹҼң
ڲʶһ㣬ƺѾЩˡ
һǾг竣֮֮ἰ֮ʱҲһģȻǶԼû˿⡣
Ϫ£ܻĿɲǶһ׵档
ڶһ֣ݿıߵ˵жҪȻԶ
ʶϢĵһʱ䣬һױֱȥҹˡ
Ϫı£ֵ
ӢԣӢȻѡϪ޽ΪϪ볤˺
˵˵±ûֱʣһ˵ʲôҲŵġ
Ȼȶһ׽뷨ж㱻
죬ǳҲֻܱâһȥ鷳Ȼֲźá
һǲޣ
ǾؿΪ
Ȼǲܵģ
Լһֻۣ˼Ƭ̣бȻ⣺
ϪǼѲ˸ϵǱǲò֣Ϫ㻹ס


141 
Щϵ¶,ڽֵ÷зҲ˼ġ
кЩ¶ֻҪǸԼ֪ȴ˸Ƿ,Ȼ͸¶Ϣ
ڸڵ,Ȼǲ,ҲҽЩ¸͸¶ȥ
ȥ,֪Щ¶,һὫͱȥġ
ҲֻǸǰЩӿʼ㲻֪ΪͻȻʼĶϱˡ
⻰Ҳ˲˶һףŽϵЩԣһ׵ɫЩѿҲ̫ã
˵Ķԣ
Ѱ,ʱ򣬻ֱȥϪ
붡һײͬ,Դӳɻ֮ĸӶ˱δϪ
Ϫ֮ʱҲһ߸ϵ̬
񼴱Ƿ,ҲδȥϪ͡
һӵ̬ǣӢһ,ӢϪͻس
ڸ붡һ,ǼȻӢ˰ѾǸϪĮ̄ס
,Ϫһһݣߵػس
Ϫʶ,Ӧ˳̨ػس
ȵ˻֮ٹϴźúõ֮,Ҳ١
Ȼû뵽ǣϪûне̨׷
ȥֱӳӢôһŸ
˵ʲô
ŵ˵Ļ֮ʱһΪԼˣ˵ˡ
үĻӹȥһۣ˻˵Ҫ⸣
˵˵ͷոյĻظһ顣
ۼŶһ׵ɫԽԽѿ˵ҲԽԽСɴֱ
ãðȻԸǾͰˣȻղϻԺͱٻˣ
²ǶһףҲϪ̬ⷬȣ˸Ҳһ˿
仰еغ壬ŵԴһ仰û˵ڣ
·˱Ͳٻˡ
֪ԼүƢ˻ػʱЩû˵
ȥ֮ʱûܽĴš
󣬲ùµȥͨһ
ԭ˶̬Ȼ˵ϺãҲӡ
ڿ֮󣬷˵ɫʱѿ
Ϫ볤꣬ڵ˶ϪƢȻ˽⡣
ûݣǴӷ˵ⷬӦܴ²²Ӧûдʲôû
СС㣬ڿӺķӦȷһ㡣
Ϊ󣬻˵ǱСС˴Ӣġ
ˣ߸СС㻹߸˵ųĻ
͸ոǾ䡰ȥ߸ǸźͶһǸ˵⸣ҼҶҪԼã
ʵѾǹСС˵Ϊһ仰ˡ
ʲô²ӻͦ󡱡ҿǵéӣֲ嶫ˣ֮Ļ˶ûͬԼҵλѧ졣
ôһ仰óԼү
붡һױϪıŸòУһߣϪҲڰԼͷð̵á
ôܹ޳ܵزͬ˵ǰ㣬˲Ҫ޵У
ǣ˵ĶǣˣΪֵ
ۼһʱ䣬ǵûͣ˼Խ˵ԽϪæֵָһ衣
ֺȲĹοš
һڲ裬ֱϪźһοڻ˾ɻؿϪ
һҲ
͸ոճݹǸӣǶ࿴һ۱
Ǹ߸ϵ̬ͬʩһĿǣ·Ҷ㲻ǳĵĸʲôֱߵİè
˵䲻ĻǹлʹǹӢʱڳ̬
ֽеⷬ˵ڣԼҶƽ
Σ
ӣϪô
ȻģҲᵱɫ
ôأ
ͬ㣬Ѫͷ
ⲻκθı䣬ԼǴδˣͱˡ
ڳ꣬ϪԵûѧĹѧ˸һ
˵꣬Ϫ㷢ֿЩ֡
Ϫѯʣִһ˿Ī
ǰһˡ
һƸпǸпĻʱ㹴Ϫ
ǰ̫һˡ
β֪һ㣿
ǰӢĶСǺεȽһˣβԸԿӣ
ﲻˣȻỹȥ
ڣ˶ѾȵˣɿԽȥ
ĸıǴʲôʱʼģ
Ǽ볤ĵꣿǵꣿǵꣿ
ԡ
ǸһЩ
ڵͷӦ޸һ׵ʱǸС㡭㲻˰ɣ
㡭
ۼϪӣ棬Ҳ֪Լո˵˻
ø˵ʲôȣϪѯ
Ǹϲǰģڵģ
ǰɡ
֪˵̫ãûа취˵ϲڵģĻ
ڵĶ㣬ǵû˳ǰɷЩ
ǰЩӣϪظʱЩ̫ϡ
Ϫģ˵æţ
ȻָϲǰĶ㣬ڵĶ㣬Ҳϲ
⻰ҲȫΪ˰οϪ
ΪĶˣʱϪ֮ǰһݳᣬ֮ǰ˲١
㣬иֳ軵˵ĴС㣬ϪǰԾչԼκι˼ɡ
Ҫ˵ڵ֣Ϫǰɱǰˡ
ڵϪȴֺۡ
ǿԣԸϪǰӣҲϣࡣ
˵˵ȥùָ
Ǹ붡һףλڵģ
ţֽ˳зȥʺһ顣
Ϊʲô
ȻԼҵĶ֮ѹ
߳ͷԵֲûз֣˵ϲǰģ֮ϪУһǰδеļ㡣
ϪֺγϲǰǸԼ
ڼȻ˻ᣬϪҪǰĹС㣬һ
һߣһ븣ԭţȹЩӣеȴ󣬱ϪһɫʵʵһЩ
ȴֹյʱ䣬еԷǵûͣЪҵơ
ԭ
ȻΪӢϪС㣬ǹ԰е˵ÿնд볤йصµĻ
ھеϰգÿһۣ볤йصµİԡ
ԵݣҲһʼЩëƤС¶ݱڳЩ˵H¶
ÿճݵӳ֮£ڸЩ¶ȶȣôȴأ
ⲻ븣йصµİԣǹǶһ׶үǰЩɽڵС檣йصģ
Ҫ˵ﰡ˵ĻɾͶˡ
к¥һ㣬㹻аյȤˡ
˵ǰգǹ붡һ׻һЩǣҲ̲סʹһ
ɲɣЩ۴ʱǡñ鷳ƣǰһȾƽƵĶһף˸š


142 
žеЩ,һѾЩûˣڽ۹⡣
һױǸвסģһղſ,ղ,ֱͱɱʹࡣ
ԭһڸڴľЩ,ǡһȾֵӡ
,һ׻ûס뷨,š
յǾۻľ¥İ⣬Žȥڴ
үôû𣿡
ǼĽͷöû˰ɣ
⻰ҪӺ˵𣿡
ңүջؾӦǻûЩˣ
ʲôţ
¶˵,µúǰЩӶٷ֮˵𡣡

˵ţڱ˽ǰЩϪͶһ׵ǳ־,ԼЩЩڳڵĴţͬү˵һ顣
˵󣬻˵һչĴš
Ϫֵ˺,ֳЩ¶յĿĻҪõ顣
Ȼ,ͲӦý۵תƵ,ϡ
ֻѹϪһ,ͬʱҲǼᶨϪҪ˼һҪԭ
¶Ҫ֮ǰ˵
ϪȻɷӣôҲǶһ׵,ĵĸ
ҪĴţȻֲϪϢҲ
һʼ,ϪֻһֿĸѰŮӣû¶ϡ
ۣ֪Ǹʲô·
룬˵ŵҹ㣬˵ѰŮӣ¥̻һ衣
ǰһȻˣȻزɣȻͬϲȥ¥ѰҲڳ⡣
Щ˾̧ģһЩ׵Ůӡ
ֻҪһײЩĵĶӲϪ£һֻ۱һֻۣװȫȻ֪
ƫƫⶡһ׾ҪϪƤӵ£Ϫ̣
ʶڶһҪΪ֮£Ϫһαʾ˷ԣһ쳣ǿҵķԡ
Ȼ⿪ٵصͷһ⣬ҲûеõɷκλӦ
Ϫԣ˵ˡⳤڣûңļһɻǽ̧˸
õģ̧檵
ϪԼڶ밲ϪŲ̬ʱһ׻Ϫȡ֡
֮ͬϪ˵ʲôȻ¥赣֪֪񣬸еĽһҲȱЩνŹҲûʲô𣡡
⻰һĹﶼûа취ܣ˵Ϫˡ
ڼ볤֮ǰϪҲǾйŮȦо޵Ĺ㡣
ͬҲòȱĲŮ
ҲвѫҵϷ¶ҪԼȢԸ
νһŮټĪڴˡ
һײųڼѹѫһͷϪĲͷ
ҪϪ붡һ׵ĸϪ˵ʵʵڵĵͼޡ
Զһɷ㲻ڼ볤ϪҲʾľһӡһϱӦ¡
ίȫģȴǶһ׽һ¥̻ȵĶԴ
ԱȵĽȻǡҲûʲô𣿡˵Ϫ¥̻ʲô
Ϫ޷ܵģи̬ȡ
һ̻ţǶЩڵ˼ңҲ֪¶ԼҶԲϱ
ȻȴеĹƵϪϡ
Զһûһ֣˵Ϫû£ץסɷģöһ˻Ƶо
ҲǴӸУϪˣбȡ¥̻Ҳ𡱸ΪѿĻ
Ǳǡһʵʵڸ
ϪԺԭѾҡҡ׹һң˲߽⣬ɢ˸ҷ
ͬҲǸһ仰ϪףѾͶ·
һζԼίȫĲల£ֻǷ̫ƽ
˿ڣǲܼʱȥֻȫ˶Ԩ
֮ϪҲƿǿϵ˿ڣʹڳеĸ⡣
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ӷﱻʱ򣬻ҹ붡һ׵ŭ
ΪһʲôµĻ˭֪ȴӭͷһᡣ
һ׽˸ھеǿ泩Щ
̧Žʹڵϴ߳ȥԶ
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ֻ˽񷿣ڳˣ
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֮⣬һŮÿڳٺ»⣬Դһ޹ͬǸġ
ͶһȴʮһյάżΪݻǿռϪļױ⣬Ϊһ˽»һЩ˵Ӫ
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ϢһǾеİǳԹϳ˸еĴҲסˡ
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ϾܹΪһӱҵ˼ңܹʲô߿ԣ
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˶ʱûǰЩӵޣæӢ˰ҪϪһ档
һΣİ͵ֵС
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ھķԷԼͬѩһĵۡ
к޶ϪҲֻٴʣдһݿ̬ȵ͵˳֮еһθӢȥ


143 
Ϊ˱붡һǰΪ,ڶͬûеõӢ׿ϡ
糯ȫǵ£Ǳǲ,ΣնϪһ棬¸ˡ
,Ҳֻǿѹĵ׵ŭ,дһŰ
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ǹ飬ҲҪ˵һ䡰ʡ
˿̵ӣѾ̲סʼϪĲʺƨˡ
˵뵽ʲôƵģ飺
ɩǲ˽ָ
Ϊʲôôʣ鷴ʵ
ֱɣոСϣܾһɩӰӡ
°ͣš
رᵽԼ泤ûּۻ۵ʱôһ˲䣬Ϊ˵֮ɩ
󣬹ĻشҲ֤ʵӵһ²⣺
㵹񡣡
ȷ˽ָϪ

׼ȷ˵Ϫ˽̹顣
ԭͶϪĴ󻷾£ܹ¸룬ʱֹľٶΪ塣
Ϫ˼仰Ȼ֪޲ԣ޲
Ϫȷһܺõѧ
ϷĶѾɢ˳ϷҲûбҪڿ̨Ͼ
ԵһϪոյıֺ󣬹ӱԻظˡ
һߣ붡һԭΪϪҪ󣬱ܹȵضȹγٵΣ
Ȼ˵ڶ죬ǲŷ뷨Щˡ
ڶգйڳۣǵûͣЪҵļơ
óֱӢǣָϪسŵ
ѾϪΨ䣬ױϪ
ŲõĲ֣Ҳԭļֵˡ
Ϫȴһ㶯ҲûУ
Գָ֮ʱϪȴҲǳֱ׳
ϪֻӦ˲ٴµݣûдӦﳤסаյ졣
һ仰µóһϲȥҲ²
Ҫȴָ޴ӷ
ֻܻϪͼסаյ졣
ϪʩʩȻһ䡰ˡϪԴֱתӢ
ظͬʱ֪˽Źϣ𽫳ŽûӢĵض
ǸԳЫ̬ȣֱѳ˸Ǻ
ϪڿӵľٶԭȥϪҵ鷳
Ȼܿ죬㷢֣鲢ûеô򵥡
Թͬѩһصۣջ˻ϵע⡣
֪һ֮£Ѿھֵ˾֪Ѿŭ֮󣬻Ҳһλ
ֱ̲鶡һ볤̵ʱó𰸣סյڿڡ
Ĵŭ̲ȻҲҵ˳ϪṩԼһײ˸׳졣
֤ʵϪԾʵ
ڵһ̶ž֮УȷżŮӵʬס
ڷӡǮ֮£ǰγܲ࣬ǣ˻ļԱԼӵϡ
˭֪뻧Ǵһˣ
ܹ뵽¾Ȼ볯سԼĶǣ
ֶһλֱӽĹԱһ룬ԼӣĻһ𣬶˹䣬ܵ˽һµĳͷ
λˣһֵܹźã
ӡǮǮȫ̲˲˵֮֡
ǳƾϽʣǵ֮飬ȥʹΪԼΨһĶӺһģſס˶һ׵ȫ
ɳҲ޷ݶ˳ĳƺţΪҽꡣ
һһ޿ɱᣬ˼ֻ֮գֻ볯Ϊ٣ݾʸ
ȻԶһֻܵƮƮĳͷеĶҲǸ˾аһ
йسԼһ׵ԣڽͣЪ
ڰΪԺҲ븣Լһ׵κ¼ʱһ붡һйϢ˾Ľͷβ
ǱӶһףϵһС檸˸


144 
ԼҵС檸˸,ǹŵڣھпνǿٵͷһ⡣
һϢھ˶𶯿֪
һʱ䣬ĿⶼͶ˸
֮̽,㹫طϣҲûܽϢס
ʱеİձ֪µǰ
ǵԶһ׶ֵС,ھеİն,һˡ
ǱǰЩӣΪϪ붡һ֮ìܣھС롱
ԭնһھ¥ǵۺ֪ﲢԼеǰ㴿ࡣ
ڸ֮ǰȷ赣Ҳֻ赶ѡ
֪һϢ,һ׵ظ˸
˽ﶪ˲񷿣˵ݺ䡣
Ϫе¶һһͱ,ԽԽ,ӰҲԽԽ㣬һҲûڳȥ
һ仰˵úãᡣ
仰ݳڵΣٺʲˡ
վ,ݸ߲ȵ͡
ۼʧ,ִնһŹʱֻƬУƶϳû˸Ŀԣ
رﱻؽ˲֮󣬶һ׾Ǹϴδйһ㣬Ҳһ£øеȷе뷨
Ȼܹк¥赱صѡ,òȻˡ
ôһʧƵЩ˶һ׷ļҶūǣôܲ˼
ǰк¥ȻҲӴˣЩҲǳµĹӸǡ
ЩӸǣϲģ˼棬ֵҲзִ磬ôЩֶδ³ļҶԱȽϵģ
ЩҶҲˣһٺ÷ҲԸһ٣νİΡ
Сҹ볤Ϊ˶һ谮С֮һѰŮӻҪһЩôܹܵס裿
һȥҲͺǱף
һס
ʲôŵʲôһ˫
УⶼǶһ׳ѵĽڡ
ǶһҲ¥ݵĳˣ֪ܲνġġжˮ֣
ǰźˣ붡һ׽õļλӣһ㶡һ֪ܲǼλܲ붡һ˵
ڶһץһ㲻ţǹʲô
мȻѾ˶һףԼֹ࣬ôöһ׺ù
Ҫ֪к¥¾ĹҲݶֶΣͬҲһˣʹں޲ѡ
е¶䶨붡һܵ˻ϵ𣬳󣬶һ뵽ԼΪ谮С檣˽ȥ֮ʱѾ·
Сѧһź˵ı£ڶһѾʧ˳裬˷ټ棬Ȼ֮βܹе֮顣
֪һ׽ʲô㽫һжƵк¥ϡ
˵Լ谮ʵҲɼǰȷ˺ܶ£ǶԸġ
Դ˶һ֮ᵽʲôĿ֡
ԶһΪϲ
֪䲻϶һףֻҪܹһʱ䣬ˣҲ޺ˡ

һ滨Ŀ߳飬Ȼöһ
˵֪һԼҲźһһΡ
ԼΪ谮С檣˵͵е̬ȿţ뵽˳**һ׵ûоܾҪ
һͷ㻵¡
ͳŶһʧ֮ʱڲ֮вغõƬֱӽһǴ
⻹꣬ڽǶֱ֮ǰȥ˺üţֱǶȳ⣬ſϰݡ
ݺһ׿Ĵ˵̫ݣе̫䣬ֽĶ˸ɾֱӶ½ӻȥĿԡ
ܹסһѾǼޣԺ˵ǴڽӴˣй¶¡
ֻܴ˿֮󣬽߸
˵һˣǾŴµİգ˵֮ʱҲõһ·һεʹԼҪ֮֮ȥ
̲סп
ԹԣǶҲ̫˰ɣ
ɲǶֵأôˣ
һ׿ǸΨһĶӣ֪ܷŹ¶󣬱ֱӷԾˣ˵ʲôͼһһ׶Ӿʹ
ʱ˲ͻȻ뵽һؼ⣺
ǱǶһȻĿǰΪֹûӵһ
һ㣬еİлٶЩ룬ӦǶһױʲô⡣
һŮǻŮ˵⡣
ǶһСͨһѣһҲûС˵Ů˵⣬ʵЩ˵ȥˡ
Ƕһױ⣬ֻҪûǾһжϣ
˾٣νǽһһ˿ϣҲˡ
뵽һƬĬĵһ
˺ݣԼҲݣˣҲֶֻܹһԸʶ˲塣
ڶһ׵ⷬеİȻÿֻҪһ뵽һΪȴҲͬ鲻
ֻܸпһֻأܡ
뾩пֵİղͬڵõϢ֮󣬲ûЦȥ
µޣһδСҲһֱ˵
ˣϵЦݣҲ˲١
ⷬ겨ۣ˲ٵϪҲûס¶˼Ц⡣
֪жٴΣڿԼߵνɷʱϪʹɱ֡
ֻѹ˸飬ϪΪ˶һôһѾõ˹Լûж֡
ڵʵϪֲ¡
뵽ϪУ˼øС
뵽Ծ֮󣬸ҲûзŹʬף˽ȥιһ
óһǮȥʬռҲǶĸлˡ
ԭϪΪ֮빫Լһףǳû˹
ȻϪôҲû뵽ǣԭŶһ׵ıԼĺĵİǣ֪ʱȻһתģϡ
˵һ븣䶼ܣϪҲʲôûɫ
ϱΪ˺룬ֳôĶֱǾס
˵ӢŮϣŻϪ㲻̣ĵµŮӡ
˵²ӦùϢԺŮѧӷ
ӦϳϪЧȡ
˵Ϫⷬ۵ʱ򣬶Щ˵ǵ˸ˣ
Ƕ˲Ƿǣڰ׵𣿡
ϪΪ˺ֳ֮ôĶȷԣѵΪһԼ̫
֣Դˣ鵹˿Ҳе⣬ϾЩ˵Ůӣԭ
Ϫⷬٶ˵ǶȨԼȨļƣЩȨԼȨڼǣȻԸ·
ԶھеЩۣ鲻⣬ãеģһЩ


145 
ڹ,лǴϪۣ¡
Ůʶѵıؾ֮·
Ϫ˵ȻһΪҪ¶
ڴ֮ǰ,ֻϪΪֻҪܹõ飬´󼪡
ѾϪϪպˡ
ϪڶŮ֮Ѿ,ȫûټ޵뷨
Ҳ,ԼһֱסӢ
붡һǺ룬Ǳ
⵽Ҳʲôʵ£һֱסӢӰ츮ڹǵ
֮ʱױ
ʼױھ߸һСլԺ,ϼūͣÿŹ԰ӵҲ
Ϫδ֮ʱϲֻ,ҲֳƷ,빫󣬱ҲûлЩϲĻˡ
µİϪдѵʱȥԼϲ¡
Ϫֵ֮УϪպԽԽá
ȻھеЩ,ͬһ,ֱӴϪպл롣
ʱϪףΪεܹǰƶյܹøˡ
絶䲻Ѫȴܸĵ׵ʹ,
ۼžнӢϪϳͲҲԽԽ࣬ӢԭڵĶϪĲ֮ҲԽԽ֮ʱ
е۷ȴҲȻ˱仯
ʼվģ󽫾ҵ÷С㡣
˵÷С㣬ھҲ
ѰĹԡòϻۡȵͬλ÷С֮ھ룬ȫΪ⺷Ը
÷Сǰһͬ뾩佫Ҿ֮һ
ǳڱ߹سԵʣλ÷СȫͬھеĹ㡣
ӲЦ¶һŮ׼˵Ůһ棬Ҳ⣬÷ֵЩʿд衣
Ը֣Ӳ
ڸսǻΪ뾩ŮȦӣ÷С㻹һġ
һµĹΪڽϽһڵϷŮӵܺһʹᣬ¶ԼʵԸ
еӣûʲô£ڼһδˡ
÷Сһᣬֱᵽ˳һƷԱϣӰ죬֪
÷Сˣԭ䲻ϤĹŮǣȻȻر侴Զ֮
ѰۻᣬǱҪ׶÷С㷢ӡ
÷СȴȫһƵģߵ֮󣬻
һޣһЩһǼ˭ʲôֵ¶ٲû޸һٺ͡
ƫƫ󽫾ǳеһƷԱҲһ㣬սպգ֮˸ҡá
÷СھСаŮΪʰǣֱǸŭԡ
Ҳͬˡ
÷С˾ۻ֮ʱ֮Ϫ֮£˽ǰ֮
һһ䡰˷ססӦϳͲûסеıƢ˺һٳ顣
껹ϰݣָ˵ıӱһٺ
ʲôȥ˷ף͸˷ˣӹ¥ҹҹʱô˵Ը˷ף
ףҲֻ㣬ͷʶ̣䲻ԣžþף
ϳͲСɷȻ֪ʲôʱɷж˲޺һѵԸռȥģ
ñ¶ﲻˣҪϳͲޣСȰԼԼ䲻䣡

÷СǸʲôӣһ
һһǱû˵ˣԭڽϳϪЧȵˣʱ죬Ҵһڡ
÷С֮ʱϪѼ˹
ʶλ÷С㣬ϪҲֻŹδˡ
ԭϪ˼Ϊ÷СԵ޹ʱվ˵
󽫾µĽ죬ʱôӦİУʱԹֶ˼ָм
֪Ϫʱ뷨
ȻƲ⿴ɴ¶޹ء
ԭȷ㰲һЩȥۡ
ϾЩϪȴҲҪƽȨ뷨ۡ
ֻҪܹε֮ȡʤҪƾŮƽȵ˼룬Ҳ˳ࡣ
ȻЩƻ鶼ûܸж÷Сڲ¥սȺ壬ֽǼΪ˸һٵϢ
ţ㷢֣÷СⷬٶľϲԶֹˡ
÷С㵱ǰͷЩԭⷬ۲ˣҲվ˳˷
С㲻ǲ裬ҪѣΪҪϳͲ
Щô˵ǸԼһȣùں
Ϊβ˵ùһ׽гϳͲЧȣҪͷԭѾܾ˴ĥС㣿
ΪСŮӣҪܵ˶Դ
ˣôڣδ棿
վΪϪ˵ԭԽ࣬ɲͬȻ𽥴ƽ֡
Ϊ¸ĻĶңһ۱㿴վΪϪ˵ģ඼¸еĳ͡
һ˳ˮ۵ģɴҲгһ
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ЩӷٲҪϪϳЧȵ𽥱ԽԽ٣ֱʧ
Щ˵ͣһҲͣЪ
ԭ黹ʤ׷һת뵽εۣ׻Ϫ
Ϫ֮£ھѾڵĹˡ
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뵽ʹգҴε²ѿŮԵ˼Ѿ˼ת䡣
պⷬ˼ͣı䣬ҲҪࡣ
ڷ粨ƽϢ֮󣬹һյϪǰ԰һۡ
ϪҪıĿģ
еһĿģҲҪһĿģΪʾл
ǹ鵱ΪָԽ붡һ׾塣
бǺǧָ֮ʱ÷СͦΪĶ顣
ʱ֪ϪȻһֱΪ÷Сִԣİš
ԾЩʧЦͬʱҲûǽϪ
֪÷С˵ǷȫԼ뷨ʱϪЩ⣬ϵı˶ݵ͡
ϪԻعһ˿ζĸ顣
ڸӣҲûܿеĺ壬ֻвһ˿Գ
󣬹Ϫ˵ĵڶĿġ

˵Ϫ֮ĹϵԶûС
Ϫ˷뾩㲻ٻؾڼ棬ȻӦ
û뵽ǰЩӻ˵ҪھһСԺϪھȻ˾
˹۵׵⣬ϪǰĲյЦһ
ֵ̫֮ھ಻㣬ʹȥӴɽˮԶңڡ
ǿԣϪȻҲ뿪ǡ
Ĺ
Ȼκ֮£ȫʤʵء
ӢڶԽԽࡣ
ԭѾλ࿴Ľãܵ˻СӰ졣
ǿھǣϪĴڣʱʱ̵̿ž˼ңӢôһ뾭ѵŮ
ΪӢҲΪԼպܹģϪջǾ뾩ȥ
вټױ뿪ǣҲܹúܺá
ĵȻ΢΢ͷʵ
뾩֮׼ȥĶʲô
˵ϳˣˮˣӦȥϳǰɡ
Ϫ΢΢ͣƬֵ̣
ʲôûá
ԭպ뿪˾ǣѾЩˡ
ԺҪʲôϪû
ԣҪ»뾩
Ȼˣ⵹һæ֪Σ
üͷ΢ѯʵ
Ϫæ飺
µ˵޷
Ҳƽû±ϲһЩ̡
Ҳһˣֱ˵ԼĴ㣺
ھеĲҵѾȶʶطҲһЩƵĵ̡
ϳǷ羰ˣͬʱҲ̼־ۼ֮أͬҲڱļƻ֮С
ֻƹѰ¸ĳͣ¸ľӪģʽҲ˽⣬ǡ˷ȥϳǶӣ֪ɷԸⵣϳ¸ƹһְ
ֵ£ǹҵͼһ֡
ֻͬ˵ǰ㣬ƹѰʶ£һֱû䵽ʵ
ȻԼ԰ĵ̻ãƹԣһЩкʵѡ
¸ͬ
ŮԻƹӣùŮǲִ
ҪҵͬҦǰ㣬ˣܹһŮӼֱͬ롣
ҲǲܽҦȥطԲһЩŮվ¸ˡ
ȻҦӵļ˶ھУҦ˷ֱ𣬻ҦӵɷҦһͬƯõѡ
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ϪҲû뵽ν󣬾Ȼһ£϶ʱ㷺һ˿Ϊѡ
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֪Ϊλﵣ¸µƹô
ΪΣ
Ϫϲʲôܹ֮õµ
ܹ¸룬볤̸֮ʱҲܴ粽ãΪԼȡ棬Ѿ߱һƹʣӦеƷˡ
Ҳ˵һ̸УϪ¸ƹ뷨
ǶΪеµָ㡣ϪϸĽë˲
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Ҳһ䣬Ϫĵ׵ĵǣֲ
ӦҲҦڣʱ԰ƹҲȥϳǣ׼ϳǿ԰ӷֵˣʲô޷⣬Ҳƹ̡
ڹ˵֮ⷬϪϵԥҲ˲١
ʱϪ˹𰸣
ϪУ
˭Ϫ¶˾ģȴûڵһʱӦ
֪˵һС£ҲȻȥһٸ𰸡
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¸ŮԻУٵĿͻŮԣϪСѭ浸صĹŮҲһСս
ʶϣϪú֮ٸһȷеĴ𰸡
Ϫȴֻҡҡͷ쳣ᶨ
ϪѾˣԸΪ½ǣ
뿪ǵľ֮ʱϪѾҪһֻ
Ѿ˱µԼ
ڹȻṩôһѡĻᣬɨƽ˿ѣʲôȥܾأ
ϪľĲСҲͲټȰ˵ֻϪ뾩֮ǰȥҦǱѧϰһЩӡ
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ͬһ¾ţҲһЩݵճ
㱨һ
ݵĸԱ쳣ϣ̰ӵ޽˱еҪ˳ࡣ
ڵ̰ѾһС룬ǰսȼչȥӦÿǰؾ
˵⼸ݵȤ¶Ʃ⼸ݷֵ뾩ͬķ飬ԼԵ뾩ͬʳ
ֻǿϧЩһ֮ʱ鲢ߡ
Щճ֮£¾дҳֽ
Ҳ¾ż˸˽Բ𿪷ġ
֪У£˽ܹ³ģǰսµ»ʹ˲ڡ
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֮ʱֱЩЦã
ԼС¹ȻϴλžȻֻдȼ仰һҳֽҲûΪǿҵĲһǴ
ͬʱλţҪдĸС
ɣ
鿴ЩۣЦֹһ䣬תߣ¿š
ڿֵֽʱ򣬹ϵЦɢ
ָǾ仰ϷĦ˺ü󣬹ʧ䣬ѹصһ䣺
С¹Ҳˡ


146 
˵¾,ڻ֮ʱ黹ǰ¾Ҫд˺üҳֽ
ǾԼϴμ̵Ļ,һ˵ҶԼըëС¹һ
ǰ¾Ĳʱ,յŵʱ,ǡæĽŲմء
ڻԼȻһȽϼ̵֮ǰѡ˺ߡ
ڿõʱûΪæµѡջš
ڹյģ¾Ͳ¾ż̵Ǵ𣬶ԼС¹ؾǵˡ
ȻеȷһЩŵĳɷ,Ҳ˵¾µ⡣
󣬹Ҳͬ¾һ,ڻ,дһЩЩھеճ
вɱᵽϪ볤֮ĶԹԹ
⵽˵¶ֻѡһʴֻ˵ϪӦϳ¸ƹһְϳ¸ķֵ,ձܿҵ֮¡
,Ҳ¾㱨һԼЩӵĹ
Ҫģˮ·֮¡
а˾Լˮ·ˣбĵڶգ㽫̸ճ̡
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ھԼˮ·Ľʮϲˡ
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147 
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148 
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ǻ޵İ˰Ӽ˶Ϸɣ


149 
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Ȼȴûиܵʵ۵ŭƵģǰ䶪ڵϵۼ·Ż֮,ش
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ǰս³Խǻõİ˰Ӽٲû·ƥҹְ̣൹,̵ʱսͻؾǡ
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÷ϦеܻʹļףʱԼЩ÷Ϧ˼·ˡ
籾еĲ̫һ
ǱС˵ģȻһ㣬Ϧŵ½Ҳʮ꣬ʮӣеĳԺȻ᳤ߵģ߱Ҳˣ˵ⳤ࣬ھǲһһĺÿ
÷Ϧ˫һģ˫۽ͷβһȰȿˣ
˵ھǣŮҲα˴룬Ů˵ⳤ࣬Ƿ룬Ҳһһĳ
˵ǳжĵӡȻǸզأҲǼˣ
ŵҲһѺ֣Ȼӹ԰ӣ¸ʮҲս𡣡
вŻʱʱĳȫ
͵ģ֪ǶŮҵĴˣ²ϲױգҲȻһŮԣһжټ󣬵ôͿˣ
ȻڵоУ˶졣
Ҳ˵Ź˿ޣôʻֱס
ǹ飬ʱҲ÷ϦЩӦ
÷ϦڼһΣ÷Ϧȴתֱ£
үʲôõģǼȵºһ㡭ðɣȷǺ˺ܶ࣬Ҫһ㣬书һ㣬طʲôõó𣿡
ĬԾͲ˵ˣͰһǷƵģһȤҲûУҲͰˣ˻һҲϧ񣡻Ц
¾һʹ֮÷Ϧܽѯʣ
ԵΪʲôῴֻˣ
Ѿȫ֪αˣ
ΪĿڿ죬ҾͲ֪ո˵ΪʲôῴС¹ֻɫ
УոôΪ÷ϦԼУ
÷ϦһԼС¹鶼ģЩ̫ˣ
ͬʱͻȻҲ˺棺
ԼС¹Ƕλ÷СʲôȻǵ÷С㲻
̧䣬ֿ÷Ϧ˫ۣ΢΢ĬƬ̣󿪿ڣ
ҡɫ⡣
˼÷ϦŮӣ黹ѡһȽϺĻش
ϾɲǼɫ⣬⡭С¹ӣ
÷ϦҲû뵽һֱ⣬𰸾Ȼô򵥣ʱЩԡ
ү
÷Ϧ죬ƺҪ˵ʲôǻ䵽¾òЩܵص˵ͷ
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÷ϦȻûз֮󣬺ܿ˳ͼҪȹԨ
ǧүһɱ˰ǵʵϲÿģϦҲʶȻүÿ֪ʶȤԵҲΪƳ硭
ۼ÷ϦԽ˵Խ֣ߥŹӳǽͷֹ겻òѣ
÷С㣬ԣ
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ֹֻƳ÷Ϧһۣûпڣе˼ǳԣ
㣡
⸱ģɰ÷Ϧ˸Ǻ
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΢΢㶣÷Ϧ˵ͷ
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֪Լ仰һβֹĵ֮ϣ˵֮÷ϦûиֹκηӦĻᡣ
ֱתվһԣΪոߥ޹һϯĿɿڴ֪ηӦ֣ͷҲصȥˡ
鱻÷Ϧ¶ִŪЩЦãֻܶ÷ϦıӰشһ䣺
л÷С⣬ӦòҪ
÷Ϧûлͷֻ΢΢˻֣ʾԼˡ
鲻֪˵һ仰󣬱÷Ϧǳһ˿ΪԵЦ⡣


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153 
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⴫ź滹дʲôѾò̫ˣΨࡰ컨֣ΪЩĿ
Ȼڹ֮ʱ컨Ѿʷĳ֮УⲢִȾû˿˽⡣
෴Ϊ컨ʱ䲢ڻʷҲɹӰ죬ִȾܹ˵䡣
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ӣûʮİգ㶯֡
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÷ϦڲֹһĽŲһţ磬º󼴱ǳʲô⣬Ҳ˵һ
ôòã˵˭үֵµұƵģˣСƽ
÷ϦҲֹһۣ
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Ӵ֣Сڵ÷ϦӲ䷳ذ˵ķԸһһظԼϵ˴Ÿҩ࣬°̺ۡ
мʥƷǵΪ÷ϦƳġ
ڼ÷Ϧ˼֣ٲҪȰһ䡣
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ܿ죬˿ԥʧֻʣ㣺
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˵Ѿǲˣֻǵ˽Ϊӡ͡ӡԼ컨˵Ӱ졣
ԭΪԼҲٸֹ÷Ϧ˽ֱɡ
˭֪ոֹ㱨ʱĶԴЩֹԶĸٸ˸
ʱƳһΪţƷԤ컨ȾϢ㴫С
רҽԼܹ־Եǲ
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һֵ˷Ӧˣٸڶ˽֡
Լ÷Ϧ׳˴ĶЩӹгҽҪҲѡ
ҽҲǵߵġ
ΪȷҽܹȫִݣҲ֪¾뿪֮ʱ˲ڹֿܹܲࡣ
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ȥ뼸̫ҽһ̫ҽǱ߾ȻܹԤ컨ķӣסˣֱҵˣҪһ̽


156 
ڱҽŵʱ,ֻ˵һ仰
ҲǣûУԩĲҪ˽
븮ڵ,ҽҲܹ˵һ䡰ͨ
˶ţֲûʮİ֮Ҳûмٺ˹ͬţԤ컨ȾĿԡ
ǡ˶ţֵİ취Ҳʮû,̫ҽǸȤ
ڸɴ㽫˵Щʲôţ컨ͬԴ,ȾţЧ뻼컨ЧͬȻȫ˼ҽ
˵,ͨţԤ컨Ⱦַ˵,Ǽ̫ҽڴǰҲδйš
׻˵úãƤ,˵ܹʹΪҽ,һҽ֮
ǰţԤ컨֮δţձˡ
Ȼ˵,,Ѿа˹ڵ൱һѾ֣ҽٲҪһúһ
ҽ˽ʱ˼ִ֮,ڵõͳһ
ǰµ˵,ţȷпܿԤ컨ĸȾ,ԻС
Ҹ̫ҽǵҽԼҴļأţ컨ȷҪࡣ
һ˵,ţ޷Ԥ컨СϣӦҲʲôصĺٲΣ
ڵó֮˿˵Ǻһ
Ҫ֪ڸ֮Ѿǳûˣ´˷ûẦ˹顣
̫ҽٲΣ֮˽ǿ˯žˡ
ɼ뼸λ̫ҽҲ˿иȫ˹۲ֹţ˵ĺӦ֮ϡ
뵽ڽ֮󣬹˵Ŀֵֺܻ֢¹ʲô⣬Ҫһʱȥչˡ
λ̫ҽڴ˻ϣǶһĿģ
۲ţϺֵַӦԼ֤ţԤ컨Ƿʵ
ֻԼλ̫ҽû뵽ǣڽֹţİ顢ֹԼ÷Ϧʮ֮УӦģȻ˱ˡ
ȻҲڽ֮½½ֹͬȡͷʹʺʹȵ֢״Щ֢״ûþԼʧˡ
ֻʣֱϽţ˴𽥿ʼཬγŧ
ΨˣӵϿʼ˸ȣǳͷʹŻµ֢״
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˽ִ֮⣬һС
ǹȣ̫ҽҪԵ޹ʱȾ컨ˡ
ھ̫ҽǼҹֻ֮ϵҲ𽥽䣬ϵ֢״Ҳ˺תŲձȬҲʵչ˵ļ̫ҽ΢΢һ
˵ķӦԣҪҲѡ
÷Ϧֵ£Щûܸڵһʱţ׳ǣ˿Ҳ˵һǹţֻţЧԼֺķӦۡ
Сͷ񣬶ú˲١
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Ͼ˵ķӦȻ󣬵Ҳû
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»˵ˣڴΪоҽٶڼϴ״׳СŻˡ
ûеЩΪϰǿֵ׳꣬ûʲôӦ
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Щʵ۵̫ҽԼˣԼ÷Ϧֵµ˻ҲЩ⶯
ţǷԤ컨ô˶ϸҪȻҲǴ˵ģɴҲ֪ҽҪ֡
˶ڽţĽ̶ܳȣҲеʮ⡣
Ҫ֪ҽƼԼƼʮַĺǶ³ֵҲһĵִ
ΪûоԼʱ֤磬˵ӰʲôδֵĲ㡣
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ȻҲʮ¾ıݣһ⡰šԼС¹ĳ˳⣬ʱʱ̿̽Լз֮ݣЩݺݺ࣬ʲô߰ԶһЩ
鲻֪ڿԼġšʱԼС¹ʲôķӦȴܹ²⵽Ӧɫ΢ΪԼҪƴǵһĨѹͨģɡ

ڣ鿴ǰݣȴȫܲԼС¹дģ飬ʵ¶㲻ĸо
˿̵ݣ͸¶һģУһѹֵϢ
·ڰһֻεĴ֣ڸⷽأʩεѹ
δǣһִĸо
Դӷ¾Ⱦ컨֮ݾͿʼ˽ϡ
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ȵ֮󣬹ŷ֣ݵƺеģЩͬ
Ȼͷβİղ࣬ڽ̸֮ʱҲʶѹԼܵ˵ȴҲ
ģôôһʱϮĳǳء
ǰӴ֪ݣһ۱㿴˹ĵ׵󣬵ţ
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ͬϤһ㣬ݹԱǶλµ˽⣬Ҳ֮ڡ
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ԭݵĹԱΪܹԼе˶ʰ˷ģȻǸ¸ݽɫ
ݵĹԱԺУһ֣һ첲ֹܵһȴ֣һȭͷԴľ
ִһ𣬴ӾһͬĹԱǿе֪λµ֮־λеЩһ
ǰǸʮʮӣ֮⣬ǸһǴĲݰ֮
ݵĹԱΪӦǿһ
ľ֮־ƺ֮С
ϾԹӢڣ˵һӢӹɣѹ˹ҲӦ
ݹԱǸ˵󣬱һŮ࣬Ī棬ǵס
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ǰǰ֣·һҹ֮ͻȻϣһ׬Ǯĺ֡
мΪ׬ǮӪС
˵һ㣬µؽ鵱ܼһʾ׵ļ۸սݵĹԱһ顣
Щʵ¶ݵĹԱûҲ޷뾩ĹԱͬܡ
Ǵͳ˼֮Уʿụ̃Ϊĩ
۾еĹԱһ۹鵱ıжྫʣֵµж׬ǮݵĹԱУһϴȥͭζ
ȻϸžĹԱݹԱǵԺǸǵףȾһ˿пľ
ٺݵĹԱǴӾԱǿе֪ϢԽԽ࣬ԺжڹĿ̻Ҳһٸġ
ôģǾǵòԼǻ֮ȥͭζȴһֱݹԱǵԺ֮С
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վǰòףȷʵԱǿС޹ھǡʢ
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֮⣬֪ڹ£һ˵ͭζԼп룬ֻܸܵɢŵš
֪ݣ֪Ϊ˿վǰģλʫ񴫼ҵҳĲѧ˵Сӡ
ڴ֮ǰԺǸ̻鱾˲ʮǧﲻ˵ȲϹʮ֮һ
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Ҳȫǣ֪˹ɫһۺ󣬷ɿؽĿ˻үһͬȥصļԱ֮УҲȾ˵ģֻѾˡ
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ǼԱٶȼ쵽֪Щ⧲ҲΪǼԱ֪ȷȷǸȾ컨
뵽˴֪ݵɫѿЩϾ˿µ˵Ϻá
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ЩأиȾϵ𣿡
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΢΢ͷʾԼ֪ˣʣ
أĶ
ʴ˻үǱߣ̫ȥ
֪æش
ȷȾ컨֮бһֱʮΣҪΪչ
֪ݵƴ˵˵Ȱһͨ
˵ҲȾ˷˵źⷽȷѾͷСˡ
ֽݵ̰֮¸˳
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ѾĿǰ֮Уְһˡ
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Ҳ֪ݵЩʲųЪȥչ¾ͷ֪Ѱ컨ȥչˡ
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˵䣬һ˾Ѿ˵֪ΪĹԱ׼ʱլԺ
Դ¾ȷ컨֮Ժԭ˶˳Ժӣڳ¾֮⣬ҲֻʣǼչ¾֣Ժ⣬ˡ
һĿ٣ĶȻҲС
һ˸յʱ˶
Ťͷһ˿ȣعҲŹȥ

ڽ˹һʲŷֺĻȴҲ˵ˡ
˵ʲô
ڻʲôվǰ
뾩֮ʱǧչ˺ү
˵ҪȫһֻҪ¾ܹȫȥͱʲôҪ
ʱ֤ģ
֤һỤүȫүʱԷүˡ
ȻŶõĹ
үͻ˲֢֮ڴδȴʲôҲûУƽƽվ
ʱ컨жãǿԣԸү
˿ڼ֮Ժе뷨ֱӴﵽ˶塣


157 
ʿڻ˹һ,Щϲǰˡ
̶̼µĹʱ˲٣ģ
¾ֵµЩȻ̫עԼ,پòѣԼľ
ٿ˿̵ʣȫһƬ,һ˵۵Ҳеɫ,Ҳ֪Ǽûкˡ
˵ĺ磬һ֪Ѿû·,һȻȹЩոմӾһ·ж˸ݡ
ǲ֪,ֱӽ˿̵ǽֱߵ˺
һʴ˿̵󣬱֪⼸ղù΢΢̧̧°ͣ

¡
Ȼһӹ,˿ȴûκζ,ֻŹ졣

Ȼ˵ظһ顣
֪,֪ʱ,ЩͷˣҲٹִæվ
ʱ,ŽĿ,ŵĴ֮ϣ
ү棿
ǡ΢΢ͷ
Ƚȥү,µҳ˵
˵̧꣬űԺȥ
ȻŸ㱻
,˿̽ȥ²ס
˵ģվһԵ֪ݡ
ʱһ˸Ⱦ컨ѾѴˣٳʲô⡭֪ȥ
ģ·ϱѾֹţ¡
һ۱㿴֪룬֪һŶ裬תͷֱƿǰյĴš
֪ԭô˵Ҳѧ˴գ¾ְֽ̳ģҪԺߣ֪һĹܹģ
վһԵʵҲĲ߲ԼʳѣķӦٶ˲٣һʱ侹ȻҲûס
ֹˣ
ȫûȥ˼
Ϣؾǵʱûܴǰݵ뷨·ϣҲûסһнţĶ
˶ѾݣѾүԺˣôܻס
һԵ˷Ӧ죬ֱӸȥ
ͬȥ
á
鿴һۣ΢΢˵ͷּһԵ÷ϦԼһԵֹҲһ˿⶯ֱһ˿ֹǵ뷨
үڲ׶ܴţȺ򡣡
˵ֱ꣬һ߽¾ڵԺӡ
ֹŴԣҲֻȷҪһͬǰ뷨շԸȺ
ʱվһԵ֪ݲҵ˻ᣬѯʣ
֪¿еţΪ
Ϊ˵ţ㲻㻰
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ΨһȽ˽ģǽֹţ󣬱ͬ컨ǰ㣬ٱ컨Ⱦ
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ѹոսȥʱһҲûУԭѾʮİա
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ڵȻȥǱߵȴ
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֪Ժе뷨Ÿոðͷֹ˵ţǷԤ컨Ⱦһ㣬Ҳʮ
Ϊǵһţ֮ˣһ·ϣҲûҵʱͻȥ֤
ʱ֪бһ˵뷨
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һԵֹ꣬ȴû֪ô໨ӡ
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˭̧֪ۣ㿴ԼС¹۵׵һ˿뵣ǣжʱζӣ֪ηӦ


159 
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Ϊǰ˯ŵ¾ȥΪݵЩݣЩһֻ޹С¹
һ˫˿һۣսս˫ۣʱǣԭ٣ƺҲ˲١
µĽëϸŨܣСˢӣ̲סҪŪһ
˳Ÿͦı£ܿѹ촽ʱȴЩ΢΢Ҳ֪Ϊãεʲôõ¶
ؿ¾һ¾ţӽӵһ˰Ӽ֮һֱڰеǿģ˿䵽ʵ
֪жµڵ֮󣬻ῴŰŵģ
֪ж£֮󣬻С¹Ϣ
ӣſҵôһ֮ˣ֪¾ûͦһ⣬պӦô졣
뵽ԼϱҲûһĳҲһ˿벻ʣ
ͨҸһ׶ԷĬôڻصһ˵Ĺ¼ţ
á
촹ûϢ
ԼС¹ڵģȻЩǱڹ˵ȴѾǲеˡ
ȷ¾Ѿ˯󣬹¾Ǻ÷һԵı󣬱ת뿪˷䡣
ôûȥϢ
߸ջ·ţ㿴ԺȺֹʵˣ΢΢ü
ڵģһ֪Ѿӽޡ
ոȥ¾֮ǰѾ˷ԸʴȥϢ
˭֪ڴ˽ʱʻڣ
¡
üͷ΢ģ죬ȴ֪λش
˵ģȴ⻰ƺûʲôá
ٲģҲûа취ıүڵľ
ʲ֪Ǻõʱ򣬱˹
Ȼ㻹ûȥϢǾȵȻٻȥǡЩ㡣
ǡ
ԣæ˾Ź飬֪ԼҪ֪ʲô
°߽ͣһԺеĻʾº󣬲ſѯʣ
үض˼գ
աҲ˴𰸡
һֱݺֵҲܿҲ׾̵ĵط֮һ
ʶΣ˵Ĵ뾫صȵء
ÿ׾̵ĵ¾ͣգ۲һᣬȻҲ⡣
΢΢ͷʾԼ֪ˣʣ
үȥغ󣬻ȥĵط𣿡
΢΢ҡҡͷֱӸ˴𰸣
ûУѾҪһˡ
ػ֮ǰү˵ȥٰѹβܸеţʰʰ׼ؾˡ
˭֪ȴͻȻ¶
΢΢ͷ϶һ˿˼
֮ǰҿͼλε̰ƫмλãΪʲôѲʱȴ󣿡
Ѱ˵ϰߣҪʲôϲ˳;©ǿȱ
صĵλ¾Ѳ˳Ǵ򶫣ǴӶ߼϶̫˵ͨ
֪¾Ѳһص㣬ȻҪһԭġ
ܿ죬ʱ˴𰸣
үǴѲ飬ҲѾѲһΣڵһѲʱһЩ©޲ѾǵڶѲ飬˵Ѳ飬˵ǻȥǷ˵©
ˡ
΢΢ͷʾԼ֪ˣ
ݵİ˰Ӽ˵үػ˸ȣ
ǣ΢΢ͷ˿϶Ĵ𰸣еĹԱҲڵʱĲ
¾ķӦֻǷȣʶԭֻͨ纮ûš
ֱ˵ػԱ˸ȣʶеĲ̫һ
΢΢˴ȻǴػ˸ȣ;Ҳûȥط컨ȷմȾϵˡ
ǡ
컨˲֢״ԣүȥ֮ǰ֮Ƕûзκ쳣
ҲǹΪ벻ͨĵط
˵ϻ˭ӽ¾İȫʵ¾¡
¾⣬дһ񣬳⣬ССġ
ѰȥһİĵطеǻŲһ
컨˷֢״˵ġ
ŧҪԶѡ
컨Ҫ¾մȾϣȻԵ޹ʳ֡
¾ȥ֮ǰеŲѵûзʲô쳣ĵط
ȥ֮ǰŲһΣȥ֮󡭡
˵˶٣ڻʲôǲ̫ȷ
ȥ֮ôˣ
׷ʣʾлֱ˵
ȥ֮Ƿһ£ҲȷǷүȾ컨֮йء
ѹѹǲȷ
˵˵
°ͣʾ˵
¾Ⱦ컨ǰЩʵǹ¾İΣûڳ
ڹȻѾ㹻ȻҪúһԴͷ
Σ컨Ǵô¾Ⱦϵģɵ˵Ĺ֮١
Щ⣬װף鲻ûа취ϽҲͬȥԼеһء
ȥ֮صǷһ¡
ԣҲˣֱǼЩ֮¸˵˳
̰ʼڣѾࡣ
ǾٴߵģҲũߵũæ
ʼȣڲ̰ӵĺѾ˲٣д඼ǼûأҪŵ̰׬һʵˡ
˼һͬ㣬ǱǽΪݣ϶ٴһЩ֢
ʿеĹ£ص̰ϵһˡ
ͬϹ֮ʱϲ͵
ͱѰҪϲ٣ʱԶԶرܿһ³ͷģ
ڵһ¾Ѳصĵ̰ʱҲΪ븺ص̰ӵĹͷ
ϾԴ̶ͩص¶֮ү˵̰Ϲ˵Ĵ
ǮһҲͱ˰֮ͣ󣬻ϼԹ
ǹĿŵ͵͵Ǯʲô
˵ԴӹźǮƷԣ˲٣ȴǸ¾һӵģȻǿľٶ
Ǹźһʱ֤úüලһ˵͵˵Ĳס
˵Ҳǹ͵岻á
СĲȻҲͱϲ١
ʶ˵˼е
˵ţСĸΪ
ʻ䣬аѵʱΨһµĶˣŸϲȢһϱ
˭֪þãϱȢؼû꣬ΪѲˣΪȢһϱѾͿ˼ҵףѲˣ˵˲ա
Ψһ˱ȽοģǸһŮҲΪˣ˸谮ԼŮ
аʮĸ໴ŮûأȻѹġ
ûأҲֻÿϼֱãڡ
ǰֻҲûʲôգǴ򼸷ֱҲµ࣬õǮ١
ģͰϿˣ۳ɼټϱͳģ
֮Ǹͬ˵ǰЩ̰ʱҲһֱڣҲһֱվ뵡һЩ
Ϊ۾˷ˣŻˣʶൣһЩ
˵ʲôһúüලȻ˼͵
ֲʲô֮ˣǸ˵Уֹ˵ı֪Ǹ˵Ĳ٣͸ɴ߸̧ˡ
˵̰֮²ǰЩǰæµ岻ʣЪžǣǮշͺá
Ȿһ΢С£Ҳûзϡ
ֻʵڶ¾һͬȥѲ֮ʱ˱㲻֪ôģҪ˵ʲôллүĻᣬҲлϴεһ档
˵ĸ׸һЩСʳȻʲôƷҲǵ⡣
˼мѣ£ȴ쳣֣Ҳֻν
Ϊڱ߹ص꾭¾԰ձͿݡ
ôһ˱¾ԼеĹԱЩ
Ȼ˵н飬Ҳܹ˵仰
뿪֮ʱʱڶһ˼Σ˭֪ȴ˵ŮǰջˮûͦѾˡ
ʱֻЩ꣬ڰοڰҲδ롣
ˮͶ෢׶ͥõĵطˮ󣬲Ҳʲô¶
ϸϸʺʱЩˡ
ˮ컨ʵЩƣ̫˽˴һ޷ֱе
үأ˵ԵʲôϤйܵĽӴҲֻôһˡ


160 
ʿеǼ˵Ů,ǰŲΪˮ¾Ⱦ컨ôɵ¶
̫̫ɺ,رĩ֮ı,󶼱ɺϡڸǡ
ʶڹ˵ŵ,ǡɺϡ
ĵһʱ,˲ԣ
ڴɱǿ⣬ȥ顣
ǣ
ʱΪ¾Ⱦ컨֮,ŹķԸ,ҲӦ
ת׼ȥǼ˲׳졣
û߳ȥ㱻˻
,ֹȥ

Щ㵵ؿŹ飬Щ顣
ǰӲȥ·˭ȥ,ȴרָֹ,Ƿ˵,Ѿ
ڵģҪĻǺúϢһЩʱ,ʱүˣȴˡ
鼸һ۱㿴,΢΢̾˿ѵø˽ͣ
Ҹո·ϣ֪ݱ˵أ£ⲻҪȥһ⣬㻹δţ,ȥأױȾ
ǣл
ԭ˵ԼҪϢἰţ֮º󣬻ǽߵĻ˻ȥ
ϾҲûǣҪţ֮ʱ̫ҽǾܾʱõ˵ǡ
ʶʱˣսãսţûб컨Ⱦĺ֮ǣܸõΪү¡
ֹҲǰʵļȥȺúϢգ½ɣֱӴȥء
˵ԽţԤ컨Ⱦһ֮伫ΪƶϽ̬ȣ̫ҽûڵһʱۣǾ۲һ
ڴ֮ǰ¾йнӴˣҲȡ˸ʩ뿪¾סլԺ
һ㣬鵹ûκβ
̫ҽûҪ¾Ȭ֮ǰҲû뿪Ĵ㡣
һμԼС¹ģۼ˺תôܹģ
Ҳ֪¾Ϊ㹻ǿΪ˹飬жһǰδе
Դӹݵ֮¾ϵĲһһպת
ͷһձһպãѵʱҲһձһո࣬ϵŧҲ𽥿ʼ䣬˷۷۵⡣
̫ҽǵĶҲܿ죬ûյĹ򣬱ȷ˽ţȷЧԤ컨Ⱦһʵ
ˣʱ̫ҽǻݹṩķţ˼θĽ
ţ磬ȵ򵥴ֱֱţŧҺİ취ȫ˺ų̈ס
Ϣĵһʱ䣬ʱֵµ̫ҽҪ֡
һΣ̫ҽûپܾˡ
Ϊţ˲СĸĽΪԴӹ鵽֮¾սתϢʵľͷҲȵ˲١
ʱ𵱳ھǵʱȻҲ˺üȦȴûеǹҡҡ׹·һᵹģ
ʵ˽ֵͬʱҲ֪ݵϰţԤ컨ȾϢ
Դ¾ȷ֮Ϊ˷ֹɢѽ˳Ž״̬
˵ڲǺǰóףÿǳص˼Ը㣬һֱųţҲʲô֮ʡ
ڵ̻ԵĴͬʱҲдȥһɵòɵѹָС
ڹѾܹԵظоڿɢţǲܼʱݳΪһ߷ĵش
˵ѾٽʢģձղǷյļڣҲǿʼʱ
һεĵѡ֮ɳŽݵѧӱֻٵһꡣ
긴꣬ڸϿѧ˵мԵȥ
ȫԱţմ򿪳ţָڱ֮١
ڸ߰ţϢս֣մ򿪳ţݵİնԣҲһ¡
еԼʵ־ţĽٶȹ죬ùһ˴֪ΪİնţĽ̶ܳҲ͡
֪ţϢ󣬹ŷ֣鲢ûе򵥡
ݲǾǣҲûСձ㣬**Ȩڡ
ټЩӳŽֱðеѹ뷴˶㡣
ţϢһڱ˵ʲôĶС
˵ţ粢죬͢ġ
Ҳ˵ţԤ컨**͢Ҫֱӽݵȫɱ󻼵ġ
˵ţȻô棬Ԥ컨ôûϣҲȾ컨

˵ʲôģ˼붼ֻһ
ܾţ磡
ȻҲжԳ͢ȽεȺ˵ţȷԤ컨ǻҪȹ۲һ¡
ȵȽ֣ȷû֮ȥ֡
Щһɰ̫ҽǸ˸Ǻ
ЩնЩʲô˼
飿
еڣĸţ类ȡĵһʱˣ
ʵﻹֵõǣ
иЦģ˵ţ**ġ
͢ɱݳǵ󻼣õŽ̫ҽԺ̫ҽ
ֱһּǸ죿
Ȼ仰û˸˵ڡ
Ͼ֮ͣǳ괦ս֮е룬ڰʷ֮УҲֻҽһ֮£ⶼǰˡ
Ϊһ컨ǣʵЩˡ
̫ҽǵܻȣ鵹ǵܶ࣬ãݰǵķӦȷĴ򿪷ʽĸо
ȻǶţ粢ΣǱùٸȽֺˡ
̫ҽҲ˲Ǵݰյˣ׷׿˹飺
ʾ
ٸҪʱ̹עص׸Ⱦȸⲿ˽֣һȷǵİȫҲԸһʣеǡ
ӣƽ侲
Ƕţ翹ܣǶδ֪ıܷӦ
ʵĻ㲻ѿҲвԸŹٸԸ֣ȴϣܹʿĴڡ
ùٸȽ֣ƳţйصִţҲԴһֱȽŹٸȽ֡
˶дֻҪ˵һԸзˣ±ðࡣ
飬ܿõ˵ͬ
⵹ҲʧΪһ취
Ǳȥ׼ɣȡµ֮ǰ꣬Ҳջؾ
¾ϵѾת̫ҽǵϣ˼ձȬ
¾뿪Ѿ̫ˣرȾ컨ϢؾǺ󣬶ȻԾеľƲһӰ졣
鲻ϣݵʱ䡣
ж̫ҽڹźλˣȻҲ׹ڵǣ׷׵ͷӦǣʾ̵ʱݰţĽˡ
̫ҽȥ󣬹ŷ֣˻ڡ
˿ԼĿ⣬üͷ΢
ʲô£
еһʡ
Щɣǲ֪ǷӦÿڡ
ʾлֱ˵ĿҲԥ
ʱṩķ¶ţмΪ̵˽⣬ȻˣΪε˿̲ó
ûҲݰǣڡȻţԤ컨Ϊûǰ֣ʺ󣬲ͻȻ뵽⡣
˼ãҲûܵóеĴ𰸡
ϾԼүĸҪô˵ҲӦҴŰ
ôҲû뵽˾Ȼʳ⡣
ò˵һʱ侹Ȼ治֪λش
ô˵
˵컨˼άѾɾˣ
Ȼ컨ѾˣţȻûóıҪˣ
ֻȻǲ˵ڵġ
ɻģջǸһĴ𰸣
ⷨʵҲżȻõģ֪٣ʶһֱûóү˷ȾԼѾˡ
ˡȻùⷬش߼ƺЩ˵ͨ
鲻ڴ϶˵ģҲûټɰʵˡ
Ͼţ籾ĹЧȣԴȷʵ㲻Ҫ
ķȷǳЧ
̫ҽǲùٸеȽţ磬ӹ鵱ñļķӵеõС
ֱڸǰ˸̨ӣšƽԭڰǵעԼල֮£ٸе˽ţ硣
˵ΪۼΪʵĿ֮¼ලĽ֣ǳû˻˵
ҲͬԤǰ㣬Դӹٸеʿ󣬳ЩŹٸð飬ǽֵҲǿԤ컨ţ磬**սС
Ըֵİգֻô
ֱǷ֣ǵע½ţĹٱǣ컨ȾΪصؽ˺ü⡣
û£ǻû˿ûȾϵļ󣬲ţĿɿԡ
ʱ֪ݸ߰ǣȵڿԽţİǶ֮󣬱ܹ򿪳ţָǰ󣬰ǲԸܽţһ¡
ŽֵԽԽ࣬жţĿҲԽԽСпܵҲԽԽ١
󣬾ʼ˵ǾţǼգҲгɼ˽֡
Ϣ֮ʱǡ¾һ¡
Ŵ£¾϶һ˿΢ɶ
ȻеĹеĸѣ˵չȴһʼԤĿ˲١
ͬʱ¾Ҳ뵽һ⣺
컨Ⱦǿһ±㹻ǵӣݰսţԶԶҪռС
ݰΪʣطռӦײ١
¾Ĺ۵һ£
Ǵ²ˡ
¾ݸȾ컨֮ǰʵ۱˹鼫Ȩޣݵĵؽնࡣ
ҲΪˣŻ˴󵨣ݴƽˡ
Ҫ룬£Խ޴֮ӡ
Ǳһ⣬ø¾Ҳ˵
ţռͿɲСүã
麬Ц¾һۡ
ڴ֮ǰ¾ṦһûʲôִҲٽֿɵ֮ﹰ˵Ϊ
ôһ⣬˾ͱˣ
¾Ȼ֪⻰ʲô˼Ҳеĵ٩֮⣺
ʲôͲ͵ģкúûҪ
˵ڹŹǰ߹һ˼ᷢ仯
¾ڲ֪⻰޵ķʸ
ǰ¾ģǲôڻλ֮ϣᴢ֮λΪⰲڡ
θȾ컨֮󣬻֮䣬¾ŷ֣ԻλԼеǰִš
˵źֻź֮꣬ûΪ뵴ƽĺ
սڣڹѾ˴ĥ֮
¾Դ󣬶ڴʱ˿̣ȷûκһ죬ܹڵλá
¾ģԼȾ컨Ϣ󣬵йĿ񻶣Լ̤߹ص
¾źģڴ֮ǰȻûһԵõ**֮ˣ˿¾Ȼ벻뻹ʲôмܵ
Ҳ¾ĽĽ飬ʱ˵սϵǹۣм֮ˣ¾Ҳմӱ߹¡
ἰ˻ʱȷԼ˽ġ
ϣԼС¹սϷѪȥս
˽ȵģҲǶĹС
ݹۻǧʷ佫ɻģһҶ޺֮ˡ
佫ļɻ䣬ͬǾȨ֮ʱѡ˵ļɻ䡣
ͬسʼʺɨ**ƽĺΪܹǧ
˭֪һرûܳŹ
ʱ¾ܾԼᣬ֮꣬öҪż
¾Ҳûҵһ**ˣʱˡ
һΣ¾֪δжҪ
֮⣬˵¾ʲôź֮£ǱֻԼˡ
ͨãΪպ˲ٹ滮
ûԼͨʱĳŵһ߱Ĵúɽ
ûпԼҵͼ
¸Լ԰ӵķֵŸոտʼ滮ûԼ̳߳ģ
еЩźȣ¾ڲʶ
ûȥ˼ϵķ׷ţҲͬûȥ˼֮λԼλĹ⡣
Ȼλ¾ԣѾ޹ؽҪˣǹһ¾ԣʲôҪأ


161 
ôҲû뵽,ǴһȻܹ¾˼仯
Ҫ˵ʵҲϣ¾ȥλ
¾ͨ,¾ҲѾе˵ĳŵ֪,ԼС¹ӣֻҪ˵ڵĻ,ûջȥĵ
,¾,ӵк
ʵ޺,ⲻǼ£ǹ,Ǵ׶ҡ֮
֮,Ǳǻʵ۲Ǳ⡣
ԵĲ˵,˵¾ĸ,ʥԨҲǳزס
ֵͬ˵ԹٳûȤʱ˵ǰ,Ԩλʮ꣬һֱҵҵ,Աһ㣬ıȼ磬˯ñȹ
ͨԱһаһε壬ԨȴֻڹʱϢϼգ乤ǿȿߡ
Ҫ,˽ܳѩֵϢʱҲûС
֮⣬ΪΪһʣ˼УҪνһҲûС
ϱӽֵ̺ԱԺȣЩʱҾƣͳɼ;ƿݶ
֪һҵϸаյʳסУǻΣһ
ʷϻʵ۶ĩǰӵӪʦѧı쵼ˣͬȣҲԵòࡣ
㹻ǿǱȽϺõģܹǰʷΪһ
˺ἰ֮ʱҲܿϼ䡣
ãʱǿɾǳֲֺãòʧ
˵һ󲻾Ļӡ
ʮ꣬һΪ񾤾ҵҵ龫ǻ㾡ƬҲҶЪϢȻʮȥˣֻõ硰ƽӹ޹޹ۡ
Ҫ˵ԨĲԼĿǰתĹ飬ٸԨʮʱ䣬ԨȻܹõԼҪ
ǺܿϧԨѾ֪䣬룬ܹʮѾǼΪٵĴˣԨѾûеڶʮˡ
¾ǼλȷԨҪЩ
ΪĺתͬҲΪ¾ĸԨ֮ϡ
ټӵгǰ۹ԼѧʶĹ鶦ƶǰչҲǾ޿ܡ
ɾˣҲ̫ˡ
ֻҪһ뵽պԼС¹ļϲҪ߾İΣҪҵۡ
֪ͬˣ¾Ѿû·
Ϊһ񣬸Ϊ¾ز
֮˯
ûдһʹǼ׵Ļӳ֮Ҳδܹݵ¾ܹھһӦĴڡ
Ѳ⣬¾ϵΪܵӣҲȫΡ
ƲܹģοɱᣬϵȨ
ǽվȨ۷ĿкӶ¾ĴʱָԴ
˼ú󣬹žȻ֣¾ǰģҲֻʣ·
ҪôλҪô
ȻԼС¹ģƺԻλѾûȤȻˡ
΢΢˴ʼ˼ţպԼС¹ĻλҪܹӳȫˡ
Ȩ²»ȫġ
õĽʿ¾һֵ̳ģ¾¾֣ںܶʱȱá
½Ȩ׸ûκ塣
Ҫǽʼҵ۹չټ¾еıȨӾ˫ѹơʱ»вҲȻ
¾кֻҪǻŵʱ»ûж֮»ʺ޵ðǳƤǽҲ˿⡣
Ŀ滮ǸҵͼҪʱܹɡ
֮ǰȥʹʵһ棬Ȼʱʵ۵ľͷ̫ãĻвѵ֪Ϊʵ۲ŸոհһͨԵʡ
ƽҲû˵ʵʲô֢ʵڻλϳŸģӦҲûʲô⡭ɣ
¾ôҲû뵽Լڵһ仰ԼɢԵ뵽ô⣬Ժӳ˳·Ѿˡ
ϧ¾ûж֪룬ܿģԼɫ࣬һ˼֪ʲôģ
뿪ѯʣ⴫ֹ
Ҫҵ˵ˡ
ҲԼ˼˳
ù˼΢΢ͣ˼Ƭ̣ʶֹ˵˭
֪ˣƫš
̧ۿ˿ʱ䣬ѾЩ¾ݵʱ򣬵վӣ׼뿪
ͬʱ¾˵ţ
Ӧȥ
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ڹִݵĵһ죬ֹȥ¾Ⱦ컨ǰ
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཰ལĪԼһ׶µС϶һżΪɰСԲһ˿ϲСеӤʣཱུģ̲סҪǡһѡ
һ˫۾ִԲӺͶССģȻһ˿⣬ȴʮ峺ͬϪˮһ۱ܿ͸ףܹǸϻ۵ġ
СŮģںٲûòٹְǹֽʲôƭŮģԭػУʹŶȥĻ
һҲ游֪ݵӰӡ
ǹòȡˣڼ˲ʢ֪֮ݵĳʵЩ
·˳ˣٽ겻СЩΪԼ컨֮²Ĳ٣ҲԵòϣѰͬ˹
鱾һտأڳ֮ˣǿݣڷСŮе󣬹΢΢ЦЦ

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СŮæ˵ͷͷϵСҲ˵Ķ
ǿɰСģùһ޲һСŴӵԴ
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˵֪䣬ﱲˣںӺѪԵⷽ棬ӦһëͷСӸ侲ǡ
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166 
ʬ,ϸдˣǾŮʬĳߡ
һĪԼʮףĳ߱Լһʮ,,಻ס
Ҳ˵ǾŮʬ,ǰһҡ
ǹ,¾ƽﶼٽӴ,Сӵ,ԺҲֻһŵĸ
񿴵֪ݵŮһȷеĶԱȡ
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ֹ֮,֪ݵŮͬ,𻨱ȷϰҡ
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ֹĵ,Ҵ˵Ļش𣬶ܹࡣ
ΪԼĸŮΪ㹤ӵĸ
ƶδĩ֮ȴ̫̫ࡣ
ܽһ,ǰ˸֣
²壬ʳ
ڶˣܹ֤СӪ
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ǴӷɫϵŶܿСŮڼмΪܳ衣
Ȼ˵ǸôĵضΪݵ֪ݣ˼лҲȲϾĴѫ˼ҽʳʳиࡣ
ڣ˵رļͥгɳĺӣȴࡣ
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Ҳ˲𻨵¶ֱԼС¹ͶȥһѯʵĿ⣺
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ֹ֮Уǹ𻨵Ʋ⣬Լ֮ĸжϣȻûһĲ²Ǻϡ


167 
ò˵,ֹȷʵǿ
һʼֹʵûϲʲô
뵽ἰʱƶ¶˾ڡ
뵽˴ԼѾûκͷ,ɴһģֱӽķϡ
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ֹвѿ,֮,ȷĹϵ
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Լĸ׼Ӷ۾ˣȥУһȥɽҵɽӲӡ
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вټнҲ˼ңȥɽҵʳڡ
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Ϊ˵Ϊ࣬˵á
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ȷͬģǸȻ䡣
ֹҲܿҴ㲻ʲô̫ܡ
Ҵ壬ֻҪһˣ֪¡
ʵΪ¶ͷʱ˻ȽС丸ץ˸š
˶ϡʵҲûõȥ
ͬҲΨһһӡ
Ψһĺϲӣĸܹܣ
ⲻҪҵĺ
ĸֱӽݴһ١
ũﺢӰʲô£ΨһĶӴ֮ȴҲͬʡ
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ʱĸȻûͬ˵ӵǷʲô¶Ĳ͸ǽ
˵õļУǽ©磬Ѱ˵һʲô˵ܱڸڵھӸȫ
ô¶丸ִ֮ʱܻ©ôһ䣬ھӵĶС
ũ壬ʲôܿԣ
һ±һһ֪ˣǾʹŻᱻӵ֪
˵룬ӻͨ鲢ʲôΥҼ͵¶עѪеũ˵Ҳ¶ˡ
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ֻϣȴûֱǰ˵
ԭĸʵܹһˡ
ֵģ㲻֪׵㲻С
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ʵҲ֪Ȼȴǲ˵ũңȴ͸һӶ˵˹ġ
ʼʱѾĴĥҲҴеЩһ
ʵĻ˵ǺȺ
Ҳòش֪ԭʵĸڴ˼Ǵ˼СѾߡ
Сˣ֪ĸûиүСԸ󣬱ֱӷ˳䡣
ĸҲһˣм侭һβ̫ҸĻĸס
Ȼƶʤĸ׶ӵҲıϲࡣ
ʶĸ֮ʱĸ׸ⲻܹʵڶʱ˥˲٣ǹ˼仹С˵ֱӸ丸һͬߡ
ڴ˼СѾߣ۽ԼʶȻͨũԱȵġ
˽Ķӣվͨũ֮䣬˺ȺĸоҲͲˡ
ˣȫƶϳǰõʱ򣬻ʲôģ
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˵ʵ̫
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һ֮󣬵Ǳ˺ܳһʱۡ
һϻ˵úãֶزסһǴ磬һǰ顣
̸ĸڴ˼ѾߣǻԹɫû೤ʱ䣬Ӷӵıв˴¡
֪֮ĸȻ̫ܹܣǾ仰
ôڴ˼۽ʶǳܱ⣬£׻Ǳ˸һЩ
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ã谭ĸףôȴȢޣĸѾ֮һȢޣ
ϣȴֱӸ˹𰸡
ԭǹں˱ںϣִ
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Ϊ£û
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ʱѾֵûֹ˼ͬ뷨
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ȣȴúܶࡣ
ԽҴĹ۾Ϲͳűʱͬǫǫӵвٹǡ
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˶ϡȱ㣬Ҳͬŵ㣬ҸĹ˵Ų߰Լ¶
ҪһЩúþӪµǼĶҲȻܱȴд󲿷˼Һϲ١
Ҫǣ֮Ĺϵ˲֪
ʶڵʱҴ岻ٴֹеŮĴˡ
յ˵ˣȢޡ
ںΪλ㾡ҲȢһҪ۲ӣʵΪ֮Ĺϵ
֪һ𣬲ȥƭ˼ҵĹֱѡһŮӻϱ
һ㾡ҲƵĲǲʵӵǮУӵ
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УһˣĲƲĲƲͬ⣬Ůӻڴĵߡ
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ںҲûͬĵĴڡ
ֱҲͰˣ֮ԼҪ
ôҪԼ򣬻Ů˵ӹôͲֱأ
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ڿҳϵʱԼС¹һ˿Զ׼񣬹ʱ˳˲١
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¶ֹ֮ǰĵû̫ĳˡ
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˼ظһӡҪϼֱӡ
ǰؼңӲźù١
˵ʱǸƽ˰̵ҩֻ˵йСìܣȥˣٴìܶԵЩ΢
ټ֮ʱֻ˱˴˵ãñʤ»飬йһʱˣͬҸȼ֮ͬԭһ㣬һʰ
ƺص˸ոһʱǶʱ䣬Ũò
鿴ʱ򣬱ֱв̫ԣ
Ĳ˳ʺԺﻹŮӣֻܹһŮ
һҳϣ֪Լˡ
̰֮£֪Լ޷ʤΣ룬ȴȰȥˡ
˵ǵ̰ϵ·࣬Щ临ӵҪ̫ǸҲãǿ׳ĺȥⱩȥǡǡá
ԣ㲻ѣһ˵̰ӡ
̰޽ӽβ̰̰࣬ӵĹ˳ֱɣҪ뿪ȴֱȰ
˵ǹ˶ڣǰ뿪Ӱ첻ã
֮¾Ⱦ컨¶ˡ
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һ⻰еټȷкϲ٣˼һ󣬱ӦĻ
Ȼ˵˾ɰͰͽӻȥٲû˵ķԷϷҪȫѿǡ
Ҳ𻨵ÿһЩ
ŴԣеӦĽ顣
ФҴ˿һֱ𻨳֮ʱ˲
ҪѿǣҲΪ˵ͻж񼲣ûͦˣǲġ
˭֪һ֮²ĵȴʮ⡣
˵¶ţ˵ϷҪȫס
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ʱȫû뵽͹ģνȾˮĺѵŮʵ֪Сؤ
ϵĲ֢Ҳˮ컨
ù鿴⣬Ҳ˽͡
˸ģŴ߱ͱͬ˸ơ
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ȻҲ±˿ĸĽ
ѡؤ֮ʱ𻨵ҵģ˭֪أȻֱĻɡ
ֹĶ̫죬ʹӹ𻨵ķֵ飬Ҳ˶ãܾĺβ͡
ȫϣֻͷһһطŶġ
뵽ʻʱǸ̹Ȼģһɺļ
ͬ뷨ģһͬϵ÷Ϧ
Ǻܶôô£
֪ǸνȾˮѼҵŮʵǸȾ컨СؤƽӴʱҲͲôע⡣
ټĸ屾ͽ̳˸һȥȻǻᱻȾ컨ġ
ϲѿڵ̰ϣΪ׼ʻָ͵ҲΪ̧֡
Ҳ׼¾ӣȻպл֮ʱ俿
ܵļƻ˵©Ⱦ컨һ£÷ϦҲŵġ
Ȼ㵽ˣΪΡ
ӡ
ֹ˵ѾѹͷĶģ˵˴𰸡
÷ϦĿ󣬹¿ڽһ
Ժ˿أֻһŮڵԼҵף㹻ȢӣĴڣȢ·ϵİʯ
ԣ֪ؤȥңĸӸȾ컨Ҳ͹ȥˡ
һ컨ܺܳѾôϲͬˣ֪ܳĸס
һʯ񣬾飬̲סΪ˻㾡ļƻİо


168 
˵û
÷Ϧ˼Ŀ,ֹ΢΢˵ͷ϶˹˵
µĵ飬Ѿ˸ý,Щ׼Ƹˡ
Ż
±˵ǹˣ÷Ϧ,ĵزС
ûסŻ
ǹ黹¾˿̶ûȥƽ÷Ϧʧ̬
,ֱӽĿеǷϣ
εĵ,еĸϸǲЩƫˣ
ֹȥ,Ҫǵ¾Ⱦ컨֮ϵ
ֹڸ,ϸһʱϸڣ׷͵һ֮ʷ
Ͳûнʮ˴ڳһˡ
Ϊʲô¾,ʲôǷָʹȵ,ȴһҲûᡣ
¾ɻô,黹ǵһμֹƫ
ϸ,ʵҲµĹͣƫ,ҲΪԭ򡣡
ֹһ˹˵ʲôҲû,ֱӸ˵ʵ
ܣֹ꣬ҪҲһ׵¡
˵ʱ˲ִ١
ڹҪ֪Щ⣬ֹ겻ûȥ飬ûв
ǻԵɺϣֹڽе,Ҳò
ֻǴһ䣬ֱͨеĹؼ
𻨣
˻һõֹһִſ϶Ŀ⣺
Ӣ
ԭϣֹ껹ССĹӣڼȻѾ³ˣȻҲûıҪ
ûֹȷ𻨡
˵ҲǴɡ
ФҲ
ڵĹУֹƵ𻨣뵽ʾӵϢֱ⡣
ֱ˹ȥԭֻòһʣ֪ܲһЩΪ֪顣
˭֪һ۱㿴е˵ĿģûκԥؽЩȫ˵˳
ԭֹ껹Ӧթ˭֪˳Ϣһŷ𻨾Ȼȫû˵ѡ
ô֪Щ
÷ϦЩ˼飬ڲŶ
겻ɣ
Сӣ֪˵¶ȫ˵ģ
ֹ΢΢̾һ
ΪĸԤС
ĸ׶֮¶һֻ۱һֻۣξ֮ǰ
ʱãϲá
Ϊһϵֱִƨ֮ĸױ֪䡣
ǰ֮ĸױһֱͬһ𣬾˲ϣͬһΡ
ĸֵܹùأ
밮ӵֻԼûмİˣֱӽĸ׵ȰԺ
˵ȥˣھӪнĥµ֮ǰӻ湦򣬲µʱ䣬½ƭöء
ʱĸۼͷԣ֪ӿˣֱӽϣŮϡ
𻨲׹⣬˶ĸײ¡
ﲻӣ⼸ĸ׶𻨣Ҳʮ־ľ˵谮Ҳ𻨽ز
ĸױֱӽЩϻ˯ǰһ㣬
ʱѾ꣬˼䲻ǰݣҲĸ׽ʲôǴǡ
ĸ׵У𻨱֪УԲ
ټǰ˵ǳ谮ҲӦӲ
Ǵദʱ仹Ǹϣ𻨶ƫ
ẢӶ˵˼еġ
ŮԵԸ񣬼伫ڸǣҲûƭǶСֱ
ȻǶǰϲ׽
СʵѾ߱˶˼
컨Űͬʱڿ컨˱Ⱦ֢״𻨱뵽ǸȥУνȾˡˮСŮ
Ҳһ̣ף̿ݲ¶Щġ
뵽ٿСŮһ֪ʲôޡ
ڷ־Ĵڵʱ𻨼ûκԥ㽫Լ֪£һԸ˵˳
һӣܹ֪˶Ѿǲס
Щ¶ǻĸ׵תԼԼõ۲졣
Щص˽𻨸޴ӵ֪ȻҲͲֹܸĵκΰ
ЩݣҲ㹻ףص컨Դ֮֡
ڹֵ֪ĶǷָʹȵ⣬ֹҲֵµȥ飬ձд𰸡
Ŵԣ΢΢˵ͷһ⣺
ʲôط
ϡ
ֹæشͬǰ㣬һѾͷƬӣ⡣
ڽ˴ֱ֮õµ˸ʰ˸𻨲׼ûȥˡ
˵˾Ǹû𻨷ϣֹ˸©ӡ
𻨵һˣûϣȻӸʧµȥ
Ϊ˱ݾߣֹ˲û𻨡
˵¹鵣ģֱֹӲһ䣺
·ģˡ
ڵ֮ǰ˻ȷ𻨵İȫ
ѾĿǰΪ׵ĴˣҲ˵ʲô
ľ͵ȵ֮ٿɡ
еҲǰЩǰһץϹͬͷӬһҵһˡ
յĹ򣬵µ˾ͰѵĽ
ȴҲͬ˹ϡ
ԭڹĲ²УԼС¹֣ΪƶټС¹֮ǵɳ
˭֪ʵȴԶˡ
ΪͷβǴӵˣ
ȷе˵ͷβˡ
Ϊ˽ѫ
رǽʮڹںվȽŸҽ´ӡĻλӺ󣬱һֱվˣȻӵ󲻵
Ҳˡ
رڶʮǰӳ֮ѾʼΪӼλ֮²ˡ
емΪҪһ
ǰŽûã㱻أյ֦
ʱһųͷصûԥֱӴӦΪеһԱ
ټԼҲôһܣͬӪУǽһ
ͷ֮ܿأҲǳġʶȤԴ
ۼһһС˶ӳ׻ǧλãϱܱΪˣ¾ȴͻȻ
¾û̫Ļӽжƽ¶ʵ̫ϡƽ
ֻ¾Ҳˣھдһͷᱻʵٻء
ʶ¾Ӫ֮ʱڵѫʵδС
˭֪¾ȴЩӲͬףˡ
˲֮ʱ¾ѾֶΣѫھе˸䣬ֻʣͬһǼ磬Ҳʲô¶
ʱѫȻݵκαʱ¾ͷʢڳûڰ֮УһƬ֮
ֻѡʹգѡʱݷ
еܵ˿ǰĴµĶԵø
ֱ֮ӽھʣԴȫϡ
κλΪҹϮ֮¾ǰ˺š
˳Ӫʵ⣬ǹ⡣
ʱ¾ҪľѾʮָǣھоӪʮ꣬ʽ΢ĿҲ˸ӻ
ƿھеĴ󲿷Դڵһʱ䣬֪¾Ĵ㡣
֪¾ӣҪ¶ĴȻƱ磬ҲȻ顣
ڻ˳Ӫ֮Уǳɴѡ˺ߡ
ڽһս֮УбȫԼᣬȴɽֱ͵˵˵ĵУôһ¡
¶ͬǰ㣬֮¾˼ŻھӪеĽʿΪ˲ýʿĺǽˡ
¾ڸУҲд˱
ʶǲȥӷĳǳأ¾
ԭһ£뿪˾ӪֵַҲû̫üֵ
Ҳ룬ؾҪ
Ȩ˵ĵطСٵӣز־
ģбòӾµ¾
¾Ҫݣ˲뵽¾ֶ֮ԹҪ¾һɫ
¾ֶΣԼֹʵ֪²еǰ
һУ޺·
Ϊıһ޷ļƻֻһдţһ߾ڵ̰ϰԼ֡
طֹûһСʵ
Ǳǵ̶ͩص¶ҲӰӡ
̶ͩúѹեһֵµˣٴɿ˵Ϊ˽ʡ֧Ϊ֮ձ
˭֪ʱ鱩¶̫磬¾Ҳ̫죬ûиɽƻĻᡣ
һƻƲΪ˷ֹ˲鵽ԼֻܿٶβѸݷ취ȥѰҵڶλᡣ
˭֪Դ̶ͩص¶¶˱Ե̰ϵ¶ˣҲκ©
ԭΪҵڶζֵĻʱȴյš
ʱΪӱ㣬ҲǼĽͷö
еϣѺע˴ϣǴĲˣµۼλȻᱻ塣
ôڣ
˼ȥ֪֮µĸԴҪ¾
Ŵ¾϶֣ܹ¾ھǣֱնݳ
ֻҪ¾ûˣʵ۱ֱûѡֻܽλӡ
֮ʱҲֱཻ֮
ǡʱķ˵֣һԶݸȾ컨ûյĹֱӲˡ
˽ἰʱǡɱ˸š
¶ֱӸУ
컨¾
Уʵʩֳһ⡣
˼벻֪Ӻֵʱֵµĳһ仰ȴֱӵ
صˣʱ治˵һ䡰ݣôضЩ죿뵽
ֱȥϵ
˵һļϣûãôһ޷ļƻ
ȥֵԶݼȡ컨ٳǮ֡
ֱӳ¾
¾Ч֪¾ӣȻȷ̰һʧŻȫġ
¾һѲ֮ǰڵ̰¶˱׶ˡ
ΪѡڵĶԸж
һΪע⵽Ϊ¾´Ѳʱӽ¾׼
ƻĵһʱ䣬ѾҪ˳ֳ
ѡ񶫶պһ¶ֱӽΣжϡ
ʱѾǸˣһ˿˵ɣ
֮еıеĸ˳е£ڰдľ籾ߡ
ǹʻ֮ʱеĺ⣬˵
Ȼ©˵һ£ǹĵ
ڹֹˣԼţϢʱЩЩ
֪ڵһ棬ֹʸó
Ҳֻ֪Ҫ¶һ˵ֹ׷ףγܲࡣ
Ļ֮£ֱ߳һĴ壺
ΪƲԼɣȾˮαװ컨
˵û𻨣¶Щ㹻ֹࡣ
𻨵ĴڣȴֱӼֹĵ飬˲·
ֹĻ㱨󣬹ǳһѯʣ
Ķ
ڵ±˽ѺѾʹһˡ
ֹ겻ʱ˴𰸣ִͳ˼Źʣݵ¾ǰ
Щεջ񡣡
˵⻰ʱֹ͸żֲм
¾Чˣĸ
÷Ϧܵרҵѵ֮ǰҲ̷ͦ¶ڷ硣
ȴ⡣
ֹ꽫Ѻ֮󣬼ûộֱܲסԼ֪¶¶˸ɾ
бĵͬʱⲻ˷ŭң
ṵ̆ڴ֮ǰδо֮֡
ͷýĺжӺɾ
ַֹ֮ʱ¾ѾеĹʣڿݺ¾лһ˿Ȼ
Ҳȷ֮ϲ
ᳰһ֮¾̧۱㿴ԼĿ⣬ҲڣֱӽеĹʵݵ˹С
鲻Ǵɨһۣ֪ԼС¹ΪλķӦ
㾡ȫҲʹ֪ھе̩Լơ
Ȼ¾к󣬼ν飬ѾЩѹ˵صףҲͬһֻ©֮㡣
Ĺ֮УдЩ©֮Ϣ
¾µõȵ´оսܽЩ
Ҳ֪ڿݹ֮󣬻롣
ЦһʯͷԼĽţĪˡ


169 
,鲻öֻ֪֪֮,С¹Ҫæˡ
Ȼеⷬ뷨,¾
ȥʵһ˳㿴ܲٴʳЩʲô
ǡ
ֹ˲¾뷨,ʱ˲١
ֹ¾,ʶ˲ٷˣѶֶĥˡ
,ͳ˲ٵĶ
ƩѫھеĲֵȵȡ
ȻЩϢȽɢ,ΪʱѾȥЩѾãҲвõϢ
֮,µЩ¶Ҳͬϲ䡣
ÿνսʱ𺦵Щ޹İ,ȷʵΪ֮
ԭ,Ȼǲ鷳
׼ȷ˵,ΪһȺӹͽա
ⷬ,ѶȭͷӲ˺ü֡
սƴƴΪʲô
Ϊðհҵʱʱ̴̿Ƿᶪĵ֮
ȴһ,ȫ˰յ
Ҫֹǧǣڶ࣬һҪһڣⷬٲûᱻѶ֮˵
Ҳֻܶһ
ѹֵүѹŲ̧Ϊ,㻹˵Լ־ޣҲԼ䲻䣡
Ѷ̨ϵֻ΢΢˶ûз
ǹ鿴ڵģȻᱻһ
˿̵ûһμʱģ
ϴʱϵļ˵ɢǻģǾվţҲһεѹȸС
Ȼʱһ˲ٲ˵Ҳǰ˺üȦ¸ǿһ⣬̵ĺۼ
Щӣϵһ仯ҲͲˡ
Դ֪¾Ⱦ컨ֽ֮е˶ͱһ
˵÷Ϧ֮ǵϻԼЩ¶ֵǺúһ
еͼԼү֮ɾһĸ飬ǱĬ֮˼Ҳ˲Сĸı䡣
էȻ˶֮£ȻҲһһķС
£Уôкùӳԣ
Ѷ˵ǿǰ߹ĴԴġ
ÿְ൹ŵʱ˯ְ˯ˣҲš
ЩҲûһٺ÷ȫ˸ҩ
ݣĶûȱľǲƷҩ
ҩȥܰžͿˡ
ܶʼĥôֵĺӣһƤΪƲԼɣŹⲡһӻûȫá
Ȼûȥڵģȴܲסֵиֵ÷Ϧ
ȥ֮󣬱㻶ϲصͬ顰ϲˡ
黹ǵһ֪С¹ֵµ˾Ȼô໨С
뵽Щ¶ԺҲֻʣ֣
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ȻҲЩʱЩ²ֱġ
¾Ⱦ컨¶ģʵҲͬġ
ЩֹʱСȻҲʵ־С
ֹ꽫ʱҲûôˣֻҪһжȻΡ
󣬹Ҳֻܰסе뷨нͬĹװһһ˰Ӽؾ
Ҳᣬٿһʵ۶Լλӵ̬ȡ
֮⣬𻨣Ҳһ⡣
˶ϡֻʣĸӶˣȴ컨֮С
ѪԵϵҲ𻨴׵ͽ
ʵ۸ָʾʲô¾鶼Żȥ
𻨱һͷβĹ¶
Ĺ¶𻨻һ
չ˼ǵ֮ҲǸ˲ٰԸ顣
ҲǶһ¶Ҳزֱӽ˴ȥڸǡ
뷨˵ڣͱ÷Ϧˡ
ǽ𻨴ȥҪʲôס
䣬˵󲻴˵СҲСˡ
˾Ҳ¾ˣ˻ӡ
ǲݣ𻨾ô׵סȥаҲ˶ڸ
˾ؽϥ£ү⣬ǣ㡣
ԵĲ˵ǷҪϻʼһ㣬㹻Щˡ
ʱŷ֣𻨴ȥ£еô򵥡
е뷨˿գ鲻òȥ˼𻨵ĳ·
ȻȻ÷Ϧ
㽫𻨽°ɣ
ţ鵱÷ϦͶȥһɻĿ⡣
ԭĸҪһŮκӲûԸ¼Ҳǹɣȥٲּĸġ
⻰÷Ϧ˵ѡ
÷ڷ÷Ϧᡱ֮ѹ
һȷͼǿȥԵŮ˼ȡ˲پҪ÷Ϧ߻ء
Ȼʱ÷ϦѾͣôױ
÷˵ˣ÷ϦΪͷ
ƫƫ÷÷ϦŮӦŮϲҲȰ˲ǿ
÷˼÷ϦѾӣҲֻηĵ׵һ˿ź
һŮһҪЦ¶ݣƣϸ黭ͨʫʸ踳Ĵҹ㡣
֪Ϊ÷󽫾һŬ˲ʱա
÷˵ġŬ˳ЧȻҲ֪ĸڳ⣬ɹ÷ҪСŮǱһĳСӡ
ƫƫС֮󣬴˵÷һŮỵ˸ҪС
÷Ҳһ˵ģԸɴһȥԸ÷֮ࡣ
÷֪֮ʱѳɶֻ֣գôź
÷Ϧ𻨵ҲǶԼθڣֱӴ˽˴Լҵ⡣
÷Ϧһ䣬㿴ԹԴһ˿ɵĿ⡣
ڹֻɣ÷Ϧոһѵ˵ʲô𻨲ʺסĻģ
Ȼ÷Ϧȴ˹һ̹Ŀ⣬еĺʮȷ
ȻҸոյȷ˽ģ˵Ҳʵ
Ҳһᱻ˽ҵˡ
΢˼Ƭ̣ȷ˵ȥ÷ϣȷҪࡣ
գҲֻܵͷӦ÷ϦҪ
Ҳûǲһ䣺
ҪĻ𻨵Ը
𻨲Ը⣬Ҳǿ
Դˣ÷ϦҲûκ
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ź𻨵Ĺޣִ̫ҽе֪һϢ
¾˿ѾȫȬˡ
Щӵĵ¾ҲѾָࡣ
䲻¾ǰ۷״̬ҲѰҪ׳٣ձȫָ
̫ҽۣⷬеĴʯͷȫȫ˵ء
¾ӺˣҪµĳŵ
Źúݹһ䣬һݵķ顣
ԴˣȻûκ
ΪĻѵãл˲ڴ
˭֪칫¾ǰŲżƻųУڱưôꡣ
˺üգ;ͣЪʱ䶼
ϵĻˮδɣڶѾ
¾ҲòмƻֻԺš
ѾСˣúõļƻȴΪԭǳҲЩơ
¾Դ˵ʮ⡣
ڱԺʱ¾⼸ʱ
δѾ˼ý
ǰЩ岻ҲͰˣȫˣЩ߰뷨Ȼ㲻ظͷ
ȻڳмƻǳֻԺڣȻԺڵĿ֡
¾Լ˶ħ֮צҪԼú´һ
ԭоͷƣ¾⻹ƤЦģֱײľֿ֮ϡ
ʱ³ɺޡһҲ룬ֱӽһ߿
үʲô
ȻʹȨ񡣡
ʱ¾Ϊȫûʶԣ
Щӱ̵ʮ࣬ѵͲ뱾
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˭ָ֪ȥ㱻һƴ䣺
Ȼ룡
¾һãȻı飬˿ؽһ䣺
ϾһǸӣôܹЩ¶أ
ӡһ¾ʱ֪ԼԼ˾ˡ
ڹ鵽ݵĵһ죬¾ΪӲ˵˲ٺԺ
ת¾ֻҪһ뵽ԼЩۣͷð亹
ر뵽ԼķӦ֪˵ӦǱԼˣи
ںܳһʱ䣬¾Լʱƴӡ
Լ˵ָԼţ;Բվš
˭֪һȥȴ˿ûἰ¾һͬ˼¾Ҳ𽥷˾衣
ΪԼϧ󲡳׼¶ˡ
˭֪Ȼأ
էȻˣ¾һʱҲ֪ηӦ
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¾͵ı龡۵ףžĵ׵ԺЩ
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Ȼ˿̵Ĺ飬ȴ˿ûзŹ¾˼۾һᣬֱӷԼеС
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ⲻչ˵ĺ𣿡
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¾ѵõķУùʮãùĲ
ү˵ҴſⷿĶ뿪Ȣӣ˵
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÷ȥȢӣǱˣǱĹ˵Ⱳӣ±ӡ±ӣҲҪһġ
дͲҪҼƽЩ¶ˣ𣿡
˵ţ¾һ徵ŹգԼĴ۾
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ܲסġ
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ڻ˵ڵǰһ룬뵽ʲôֱӽߵĻ˻ȥ
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Ȼ֪ԼΪͻȻʵ⣬¾գһ۾ʵʵ˴𰸣
ȷûС
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ܾ÷ʱ̫죬룬÷˵֮ԣҲ޵


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˵ҩ̫ҽҲеĶ֮УֻҪһ뵽̫ҽӣЩ
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ұ֤ȥ̫ҽҪҩ¾ܴе˵ĶС
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÷ϦԴҲ⣬ֻԹԵؼԹţ
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÷Ϧ䲻ԣȴϲȥƹСüʮ¥ȥĵطЩ¶ںȾƵʱ䡣
ʶ÷Ϧʮȷһ˰Ӽһμĵڶͳġ
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˵ûգ߸ү˵ҲҲУ
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⡭ү˵ˣ⸮ۡǰǰ˰أ÷ﲻҪν
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̫˵ȫûУֻ֪ܹү̰ӡȴʻ㡣
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֪ݶ룬˱Ѿĵܵ˼ǰ
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171 
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Ʋֹۣڵһʱ֯ճ롣
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˵ʲô
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֪ץסǺݺݵص˵ͷ
û,̰Ǳû,޽ˮ̰ӣԤеĸȹ̣
˵⻰ʱ,ϲԼɡ
εĵ̰,¾ҲС
̰˹,ȻҲ
ģ֪Щţѯš
ֱָ˿϶Ĵ֮,ǷӦ˹,ͷ,вס˵šá
ΪۼΪʵعĵһʱ,֪ݱæ̰ӵķ˹ȥҪۿһڵĵ̰ϵ
ո,ڵ֪ݣϵĲ·𶼴һ˿ϲ
תͷ¾һۣ˭̧۱㿴ԼС¹Ŀ⡣
ĿԽӣԵؿԼС¹еһ˿Ц⡣
Ȼ¾˿̵Ҳǳ
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ԭ˾ڴţʲôܹϰģ
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һʱ䣬ĵণͷաһ̱Լͷϡ
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172 
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ϴδӻؾʱĵĶͬ,¾ؾûоκˡ
Ϊһ˶Ӵ˵ע⣬ֱӽֳ֡
ҽԼ־ȴӹɳĶһ,һ˸һ
İţȷں̶ܴϸ˼鷳
ٳ˳ŴԼڳŴΪ,ûоκˡ
ʱ¾˲˵뷨,ȫ,˿̾ı仯ȥˡ
¾ͣ˲ʱգ,ʵҲ¶ѡ
µʱ,Ʋ̣ʵ,һգ۵Ĺˡ
Ȼһգ۵Ĺȴ˾ޱ䡣
ǵ·Ϥ̲,ǽ֮ǰȷ˸߸ڳ֮,ǡ,¾Ҫߴ˵ط
ǳֻҪĸɵϵˮ·ֻͬҪ¾Ŀܼĵط,˿ƽ̹ˮ·
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¾˼֮ʱ⣬˰ǵ
壿ǲŽ˳𣿽ôˣ
ǲҼ˵ｴˣҽ𣿡
ҲǹʲôҲ֪һ˵۵㵥һˣ
ʲô۵ģˮ·̺ˣҼҵһһʱ,ҲæÿնһˣҲʲô򣬸οҼ˳ˣҲ˳ЩĲá
⻰˵ҲǣҪ˵ˮ·ķ㣬Ҽǿ֪ɣҲˣǴ˵һأҲһʱĹǰģڶͷܡ
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˵Сһ˵ע⡣
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ʱ,¾ȥ§ˣ򰤴,´ͬʱᱻһ䣺
,ʲô
һ뵽Щͬͬߣֱ뻳еĵطȴõĿӣ¾Ժоֻһ뷨
ڵıϲã
ʶ,¾뵽ģȥ˸ϽһЩӦӦ취ȥһЩ
˭֪¾뷨һյԼһۣ
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¾ˣ¾·ȻҲʮ˽⡣
˵ֵȷ
ʵӣһ취ҲὫõ¾ǰ˵
ͬ˽裬ʱ¾Ҳû˷ӡ
ʱ¾뵽˸ոڳ֮ʱݸǸ
׼ѯʣԼ
תȵڣѾ࣬մҸϱѵݻǶղ˱˼ң˿̸ʣҲˡ
΢΢ӣ򵥵ͬԼС¹˼󣬱˵Լ뷨
Ȼܽ裬ΪβԼƱ
Ʊ¾Щŵظһ˵֡
󣬱õԼһ϶
ûƱ
ǡɣո뵽ģǮķӣԼƱ
ޱã¾ĵһӦȥҹϵõ˼ҽһЩȥ취һЩ
˸ϵĴأ
᲻Ҳȥ
ܹóǮģȻҲЩҵף˵ϡΪ󣬵ʱȻҲϼ۸
ҽ֮󣬲ʳ
ʲôܣɳٱۣʲôƷ
ˣŮԼС޷ܵı̲裡
ĩǰǽϴСС̲꣬ÿΪĵضΣŵʱһȥʮӣʮ̲꣬ɼмжɹۡ
ֻҪ΢һ룬ƺѾ˴ѵƱԼģ
Ȼʱ¾Դһ˿ֱӴ˹ʱĻ룺
ȣҪβƱ
ʲôѵģʯƱͺˣ
Ҳ˴𰸡
õ˴𰸣¾ɾЩ
ʯ¾İһֿʯֳ֡
ʯƱ֮£¾ȴδš
¶⿿˵үӦҲ̫ܹף֮ү
Ҳܿ¾ЩƶǶʯƱ£Ҳ֪ͬѧ¾͡
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鲻ˣڼҲҪã˵󣬱תȥһԵСԺʼ׼Ʊˡ
ʯ㲻ʲôϡֻⶫõĶ࣬ʯĵطûжٴ
ܱſչ˹Ҫ
ʯƱѣܹ˵ϼ򵥣ֻҪʯˮбɡ
ʯˮʱ򣬻մӶΧ¶ȣʹˮ
ùʯܷѭʹãνǱ˴ֺá
ΨһѶȣ¾Ҫʯ㹻С
ʯƱҲȫûȱ㡣
Ǳʯ΢ĶԣֱƳıʳãҪУҪʳõı飬ʯ뿪
С⣬ȻҲѲԼϣ˹ǧٰڵĹǡ
ʱ㽫ҪƱˣǡʱҲ򵽵ʯˡ
ʯƱʱ򣬹Ҳû¾ۿ
¾Ҳû뵽ʯƱķȻ˼򵥡
ֻҪʯˮбɡ
¶˲Լ¾յڲƭ
ܿ죬¾֪Լû˵ѡ
Ϊ¾ܹԵظоǸƱڽ¡
ڣ¾Ҳܹܵ˿⡣
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¾ǹ飬ʱ䶼ǳȻ˷ڿˮϡ
ֻԸһ䣬˿ţ¾ص鷿¡
ոնƱһϵ뷨Ĺ飬бʱ
ص鷿֮Ҳൢ󣬱ֱӽһһ뷨дֽϡ
˿̣¾ϵҲزˣʣµҲЩ޹ؽҪ飬¾Ҳûżȥ
ⲽԼߣһ󣬱㿴˱Լԣոݳһҵƻ顣
ѯһ䣬õĴ𰸺¾ֽ̧ǵƻš
¾Ȼ̳ϵ¶ڻʼң־˶ˣе۹⻹еġ
һۣ¾㿴Լ⼸ּƻǱ
ӱ˵ÿжȻߡ
¾ԤǺȫԼƻķʵʩҲȻܹΪ͹۵Ч
ʱ¾ףΪԼһֱ˵Ǯһʮּ򵥵¡
Ϊǰʱ򣬴ƽеĽǮʧ
Ϊ˵ܱΪֻ̫֮ƮƮ˵һ䡰Ժ󾭼ѹƱɡ
Ϊȷܣ²ƸУ
뵽¾ûסԼһۡ
һۣǡɱ㽫ʱдļƻ
¾֪ԼͷԴҲڸոռµԼ׬Ǯĵӣ˿Ҳֵļƻһ
һƱѣԼȻѾ˶׬Ǯķӣ
ɲ¾ʲôֻͷдš
ոĸ߶ݡԼٻ̵겻ͬƱҪһʱս
Ͼȵת֮Լ㻹бҲûκг
ʱȣȻҪóһΪ꾡ļƻ
ܹ꾡ֵµһף̵ܹʱЩ䵽ʵ
ҲΪˣһݼƻ飬ǹдмƻ֮Уʱһݡ
ȵ֮ʱѻƳϡ
Ҳڴʱ˹ոչЩѾɹڹԷзһЩʣµĶ˱ѡ
ҸڵĹҲոոչṩķӣʯ˳ֻҪɹ֮󣬱ܿʼڶƱ
ҲΪƱķӣ¸ϵıɲãѾ˳ȥɹʯЩ˱ܴʯظ
ò˵ʵֱⷬùġ
ھڲɹʯܹı飬ʵȫܹӦϹʹá
Ҫ⣬Ͳ̫ˡ
ԭ黹˶ȥ㣬˭֪ⶼԸʱ㽫¶׵ˡ
һ뷨ֽһ󲽡
¾һڸڵΪ˼Ѿ˲ٶĿܱߣҲ޴֪
Ȼ֪ǻҲġ
Ͼ֪ģ¾ǷԻʵЭ
뷨ܱ߼˲֡
˭֪һȥˣûȥϳҲû˿Э˼
ȥˣûȥϳͬû˿Э˼
ȥˣûȥϳû˿Эͷ
졢졢졭ʮȥˣһ㣬ɽ
ȻЩ죬Ϣȴ˿Ҳûյ
˵ĳһʲôг
ɱԼ·ˣ˵ʡأ
ѾʼǰʱոտŵͨС
ʲô
㲻֪ͨʲôط
ǻư֪ɣ
񾩶
ЩưǴͨģ
ϢѾձ㽫ͨиΧ˸ˮйͨҪǵһгˡ
ʲô
ʶûҪǲ̫嶯ˣ
ЦƷƷ
ⲣʮưĸǺö
ɴƣгȻҲˣ
ˣ
󲻹ʱĹǼʮг㱻һգͬʱͨлյ˲ԤĶ붨
г˵۲ͣòˡ
ֳ˺ü汾ʲô˵ĵ桢۸еͨ棬ʲô۸Ƚϰĸ棬Լ۸ʮָ߰ĺ桭
ö룬֪һȻ׬˸
ѫǴʱ֪׬Ķ಻ֻ֪࣬յ׻һʲôĻش
ֵµ˽Ŀ·֮ϡ
˭֪ͨг¶Ÿոչȥû칦б㴫µĶ

µˣ
ʲôˬһ¡ѾʹˣҵҪ

Ǹʲô˼
ʲôʵģ
˼壬ĵط
˵⡰ˬһ¡飬ҪֱƵĵԼƷ
˴֪ˮԼ÷ʲôٱɳͱۣܡ
Ŷˣʲôˮͱ̲衣
¶ʱгסˡ
ճ¶ҲߣǸϵıѾˣеķҲΪ˱ԹüΡ
Դ˴ǱʾǿԲñһ̣õµȷ磬ҧҧҲ͹ȥˡ
Ǽеĳȴܲడ
ĸ׶Ѿϰʮˣ컹ûãԷҲûʲôθڣ̶̰µʱ䣬ۼ˶˲١
б˵Ҫﻹס
һȫȥˬһ¡˶˶
µġˬһ¡ŸոտţֱӱԼԱû
̶յĹ򣬡ˬһ¡˾Ϊܻӭĵ̡
ƷԼ㣬̲衢ȵȣҲΪ˾Ϊеĳʳ
Ϊ˱ֺ̲ꡰߡˬһ¡̲趼Ͳװġ
Ͳ黹˼򵥵ĵ񻨻ӡžͺƯ
̲ˣϴϴɾҲװƷǲ廨֮ģڷڷܺÿ
Ϊ˳ˡԴۡĻֻҪڡˬһ¡Ʒ´ѵʱ򣬽ϴεƷͲαܴۡ
һʱ䣬Ľͷβһˬһ¡СͲ˵ƶˣ
˱ظĴ󳼣ʱŷǵĹע㾹Ȼƫˡ
ȥ̽¾ķӦģôᵽϣ
˵һ飬ǲڡˬһ¡˶Ǯֻ֪ԻλǸʲô뷨
ԱٴɳԼеĵɽȥ̽
˭һΣֵµˣظһǰεʷ
²ɽȴµľٶˣ
ֿµˣ
εµʲôٻ̵꣬˵İٻ̵ֻ벻û򲻵
ͬʱϤĹ棬һοǵˡձ֮ϡ
Ϊͷ򳤱޶𣿡
Ϊʱƻνײ裬ؼҺȴһû𣿡
ΪһСܱгû𣿡
ٻ̵ɣʳסУԴöȣĵĺǻƷȫ۸ĺùܼҡ

ϴ԰Ĺʣ˵Ժһһˢ
вסԼμϵˡ
ڰٻ̵գûܿסĵ׵ջŴӡˬһ¡ı̲裬˰ٻ̵Ĵš
߽ţ˱оһˬ
˿̰ٻ̵⻹һƬȣȻ߽ٻ̵ڣ¶ȴͻȻһ㣬泩
ʹ˵С֮˲֪ԭٻ̵ÿһξ룬һıҲᶨʱŻ˸о
˵֮СЦЦһ䣺
˵ˣһҪλĵķ񡣡
Ŵԣ˸пĲƴ֮⣬˵ʲô
ǱˬһĲˣȻȴʹã˲ɣеڶ˶ٱ顣
뷨Ҳһ˵ķȷʵʮġ
ٴ˿ڰٻ̳ʱ򣬾;ʮ泩
˽ٻ̵ˬԭ˱ע̵ڵĻϡ
ԭΪձϵĹ棬ǿĺ
˭֪񿴹֮ŷ֣ʵҲȷˡ
ٻ̵νײ裬ư裬Ǳīֽ⣬·ȵȣһӦȫ
ÿԱ߶һżǩд˻ƷԼ۸㷽
۵ģʽ˶оʮ
ٶϸȫĻ˴ֱʵĲã۸Ȼɢĵò࣡
⻹ʲô
Ȼ򰡣
ʱ˱һνٻ̵˸ˮйͨвٻܡ
˴Ӱٻ̵еСе֪ҪʲôûУֻҪܹӶ𣬼ĺǣҲܰæ
ò˶Ĳѣٻ̵ʱΪ˾ǹĲѡ
ЩеĹԱѫڣֱӽǶµָʲôȤĺ׳־׵Ժ
Ҳǹ鲻֪ǵⷬ仯֪һڴʱһûܹɶʮһͣΰѧġ㶨ɡ
ȵٻ̵꿪ŵʱƣԱеҲȴ֮ʶһεĹעȻֿʼƫˣ
ȻߣҲΡ
գҲֻɳĸȥء
û뵽һֻյĹֵµ˫ظһǰЩʷ
Ϊ
˫µˣ
һ»һң
һΣûκֱѡƽ
˵ɣһֿʲôꣿ
µæǰһҽʲô㣬һ֬ˮε꣡
ε˵Ļش˶һ
ʲô㣬ֵֹҲʲôҪĵ̡
Ǹʲô֬ˮεꡣ
һȺүǶǲȥ䣡
һһҪĶǰ漸ƫˣ
µԣȻڴӦ»صܱ߶ء
Ȼû뵽ǣǵľģûмֹ죬һβ
һΣҲȺүǶͻȻ֬ˮۣͷθȤˡ
ȴܲסЩԱǸǹ¼ҹˣÿ˶ϼҴڡ
ֵܽȫĸԼŮ
ǴүǶ֬ˮۣͷβȤǼܲסǵĽãŮĸ׶ЩȤ
ġüݡ֮УƳ˲ǰδŹ֬ˮƷ
˵ʲôں졣
һ֧ں쾫Сɣһָϸ򿪸ӣеĸ壬ʹá
ͿĨ㣬Я
µĹʣʲô
Ŷԣ
ǡʱʱ̣̿Լ
һ仰ֱɱ˾ڶУʱһҪں˼
˭֪߽ü֮˲ŷ֣һССĿں죬Ҳдѧʡ
ԵĲ˵˵Ŀɫţֱùۡ
ʲôɳɫʲôƤȺɫ԰שɫﶬרҶɫ
һֱ˾Ķˡ
һǵԱɫӴιֱɲӵеĿ֬
ʲôܣ
ȻҪ򰡣
ǵʲôӰʲôݣüʣʲôɹ߹⣬ԼʲôˮҪ
ûǵԱҵС㻯ױ֮ǺҵСǱһƵ
ǰֻ˵·֮˵ĺС㣬һױܳƵǹɿˣСұ
ϵԱƼΣ˾񶼱òһˣ
⻹ʲôأȻҪ
˳㻹ҪǵԱôģȻͿͿĨĨС
ǵԱҲ˽ֱӿСá
ÿͶ죬ÿϵȱ˵ٵԼΣϸϸظڶŮһΡ
εĹУҲûڵڲƷš
˵Ӱϵ覴úԼλá
ٱ˵Ӱɫһ𣬱ӾϽ۾ŴһȦ
ЩŮñԣôһﻹʲôǿԣ
һӣһ֣

ʱĹüݡ㱻ŮǸˡ
ɾĳ̶ȣֱ˽塣
ȻǶˣҲû򵽡
˶ӣҪһԤ˵ֱüפء
˭֪뷨Ÿոͷ㷢ָڲٵõ˾Ȼɷǵȥפء
»ˣ
ȻҪȥͬҵĺúһ˵ȫҪõ˰ɣ
ΪŮԵʣǵĹעһƫȻһ׬˸
ЩھƵƵ˸ߵزڣϢȻҲǴ˻ʹ˻ʵ۵Ķ֮С
ֵϣʵ۲û
ϴԼͦģ
ֱǡ
д


177 
ھİΪ˹һҼҷħ,ʵҲΪʱȴһɺƽ
вˣЩ¶,ű֡
˵ʲôʱܷӦ
еһǽͷ֮,һ߳ŸϷСһ߿ڸⲻԶһȺ,һͬԼĻš
֪,ҿºѡ
˵,ҪҪȥһ£
ɱ,ɽϵ񶼿챻ˣ
ǣ㣿
Ҫô˵գ
Сӻ᲻˵дǽƾͼƣ
ǣҿô˵,ϵıҲҪˣҰˣ
Σڱܾҵ,Ҫҵ

ʱЩĽ̸,˶,Ȼһͷˮ
Ȼеȴ֪Ϊλ˵Ļ
Ϊǵ£ֱ̫ա,ˣ
Щֵĵһ죬Ѳߵ˱ѾǵĶ˸һ,ԼүѯǷҪ
˭֪ȴֻ˵һ䲻ã˵ǱȥţЩ˻дô
ʱڵЩףһЩ̽Ϣ̽𣿻ʲôã
Ȼʱʵж,Щ̽ӵȷá
㿴ⲻͦõ
ùʡ˲ٹأ
û
ϸһ£Щÿ׼µʱЩܹ̽ڵһʱõϢ
⵱ȻΪǶĿȻܹ̽Ϣˡ
ΪΪ֮
ƫƫЩЩ̽Ĵǣһ쳣Ҳûвÿһζᰴչдõľ籾
ԴӼµ꿪֮󣬹ڶ̶̵Ĳµʱ˾ĴǮơ
ϸһ˱Ͳѷ֣Щⰲ̽ӵĴ󳼣˲ĥĹס
ǮˣеҲһ˲ٸ
ûЩڡˬһ¡ҪǮıǣǶʳ
Ȼڹ׬ϵı仯ҲͬС
𾪵һϢǱǴӵңʵ۸ּˣ
£ôǰЩ¾˻ʵۿʼ˵
븸ִΪ˻ᣬЩӱûڸǰͷ磬ֽн˻ʹ˻øʽϵĽ㡣
˭֪ⷬٶȴøʲȻŭֱ˽ָͻظͰˣ˹һڶϳʱ򣬱˳ҵʥּ
¾Ϣģ尡
Դ¾˻ʵ۵Ϣ֮ǰ˲١
Ҳвˣ̬һû˿仯
Щ֮УЩ¾һͬĽ֮⣬ǹҳж¼Լˡ
ڹϢĵڶգӾʹݵһѯʾԼ¾뷨
֪¾ԸЭѡ֮ȻϵıʧҲδ¾Զ
Ϊ¾ЩӲϳԼʰһÿհʱϳ
һʲô紵ݶͬ¾ͨ籨š
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ձˡ
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ǰҲãСȻûҪְĳҲڳӵžصĵλ
ȻЩ꣬ĳȥҪôҪôΪԭ򲻵ò˳֮ĵλǰˡ
ҲΪˣеϣܹΪ̫ӡ
Ϊ⼸ǷΨһ;
ȻôﶤҲʼձ
ЩķͷǰЩǰʢվĶˡ
ô˵ұ㱻ˣ
ƺݵ¶йء
˵һ㣬ӵҲһ˿顣
Ȳ˵¾ݵ·õһµʱ䡣
˵ڣԴ¾ؾ˻ʵ۵ڣҲнһˡ
ǰǰµʱ䣬ʵ۾ȻΪݵ¶ѣˣҲûôٶ۵İɣ
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ԵĲ˵˵ֵΪҲλȫ޷̵ġ
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ص֮¾˻ʵۣæԼ׬Ǯƣͬûȥעµĺ
˭֪ǱһֱûжȻΪʵһֱûд
λʵ۸ĳͷᡣ
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лһ˿Ȼ
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ӱŴӹҪĶϲشҡڵػԼĻӸ
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˵֮󣬿һ۹ɫ,ֲһ䣺
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¾ɻȥʹ밲֮ʱ㷢ԼС¹ʹ֮ĹϵΪƽƽ
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Ʃʲôճӵù죬ȻᱻĸץȥĹ

ἰԼĸʱǱԹӶ࣬ȴеǡ
ҲǴеֻƬӵĸʱʱӸϵţȥСۡ
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Ȼ,ǹ¾ͼƻõһ
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ȥݷݷİ档
ʵĻ˵ûЩǰ˰ûгԹһĿš
ڽһ׹Ϸָɾûã˱ֿʼζ
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182 
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Դӻʵۿʼķڵ¼δĻ֮۾,
Ǽʵ̬ⷬǿӲ֪Ҳòʲô,׻ǽɵΧ˸˻ȥ
ù˲١
֮⣬ӽʱҲˡ
һ,ʵ۵Ҳû˵ʲô,˳˳ôӻص˳֮ϡ
Ҫ˵ʱеλΪ¾ʵ֮ĶôùĻ,ӵӾ͸Ӳùˡ
еȨջ,ΪӡǮ¶ǣ
Ϊһʱ䣬ʵ,ûˡ
˭֪мֳ¶
ȫţҲ,˲ʧȥ̡
ټʵһֱԼ߻ϵľٶ,ԭᶨվڴߵĳ,еҲ˶ҡ
֪ʱͬգһδӱ֮,һ±͵ࡣ
żӵ˵ƣҲЦӯӯȫ̽,Ƽˣɴ㵱ûһ㣬ᡣ
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ǰЩµ꿪ĹƵҪմֱӴԼС¹¹ϴݻصǵһ·ϣǿӡ
ڹΪ֮е¶ѾʼԶ¾ʱ򣬱㷢ֲŸոûԼС¹֪ʲôʱʼ±æµ
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һεĻҪʼˡ
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ƳԼС¹һۣȻ֪һεĻҪʼˡ
ݻصǵʱ¾鶼żܹһҵױȽʵӱȽϼѾ̤˽Ͽ·
ǵĻ˵һΣݲȥȥ硣
ЩǰӦһˮͬʱ뾩ѧǽһѧϰĵá
֮⣬һǳšձȥġ
ձСʮƾ٣ģ⡷İѾѧ֮д
ڼ仹θʮƾ٣ģ⡷ѾֻѧʶԨ¸صĴˡ
ͬʱԾѧӵͶ壬ѡģǱȽģУѧṩο۵ķ
Լˮƽ֮ȡ飬©ȱȷһķ
ҲΪĸѧЩʱٶܵԼĽ
ʮƾ٣ģ⡷飬ҲΪˣԽԽ졣
ѾʼĥŴǰУѡȡһ֣ƶʮƾ٣ģ⡷ľѡרˡ
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Ҫ֪ѧˮ۲ˣ˱Լ죬ҲԼ˲
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ЩҲסѧӵִﾩ
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á
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ɹ
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183 
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ǸҲ΢Щ
¼Ҽҽɭ,ǼΪܳĶӣѧĹȴһҲ
˵ʦ׸,ǽ棬ȼеļλֳӳɫ
,¼ҵĹ,ȻҲš
ȥʳסϵһЩ淶ùӡ̵,¼ʮӲſ檡
鰮,¼ƺҪԵļӹŰһЩ
ѰĴ壬ӳ֮ʱ,ٲûᰲһͨµѾΪɡ
¼ңȴûͳ
һ,ĸ,Ҳἰ
˵ڳǵ,ǵɫΪ
Ȼἰʱ,ɫ糣κκɳӰ˼,ɾԼϥһ
Ӵ˱ܿ¼˶Ů֮ϵ̬ȡ
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ദôдʱδλŮӡ
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ȻڰĨᣬ۽ǵۣģһ֪֮ϵǱѰ
˵ǵŵŮӣ䲻˵˼ɫҲ毺á
Ÿ˵ķ٣ͷ֮䣬͸һӳķϡ
̼䣬ÿǵԺУֳ޷ǳ
ٷȻû̫ı仯ɴ΢սĴԼ°ͣе䵭벻졣
ǡ
ڹǰĳЩͷԵʱǸŸ˷ٵŮӣֿˣ
~
ȻѾϻɺˣڣеıûȥϴΪ͸Ĳ·ҲɾЩȡ
ھȻһյСβг˼Ƥ
̧ۿ˿ڷ籩ĵ鼸һ۱㿴˴˿̵Ǳոѹ֡
Ȼһ˹ġ硱ҲǾл
Ȼһ̣䵭Ȼɤ
Ϊӣ²޵ãٷԡ
ٷˡ
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ǰϻˣٷҼ˲мٳԵֱȥ˻顣
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Ȼˣٷ˾٣Ϊ⣿
ǺǰЩ¶йذɡ
ʲôϵ

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֪ĻҲ֪Ǳʲô̬Ҳûţ㽫Լ֪¶˵˳
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ҲдţǼи˵ҶȻ˻飬аʱҲôΪС¶ģֻܷµͷ롣
ٵڸֵİ¼޸ӣҲ֪ŮӵĻɵŮԼڼҴӸ޴ӷҲûκΰ취
֪¸ң͸ֱӸ߸ޡ
˵˵ʲôĴסĨᣬһʵ޷
뿴׼ȥޱ˵ˣ˭֪ȴ˿ᡣ
Ի˻
쿪ָۣ˼Ҳ˵ˡ
ǰ¸ң꣬ЩһһѡĻᣬȻҲԸֲźġ
~
˵һһգֱƤĽл
껹㣬һ˫۾
Ǹ񣬲֪ˣΪƺ
ò˵˿ݡ
ո֮Щ˾ǲмΧȺǣһ˿߳ĳ֮е׻
Χ۵ŮӲ˹
û
ŮӼ񣬼޸ʲôˣʲôʱֵŮԼˣ
֡Ӹӷ򡭡
һɽֱŮѹô
ȻĲԣемԼԸ棿
ܹվⷬ˵ڣѾþĪˣ
вתͷҪ֪λش
Ҳǹ鲻֪Щ롣
֪ٲûᱻһ
Ѿ˼̻ЩŮƽȣʶҪѣطģ
Ӹո׶οڿʼһֱŵүүֻı顣
֣ԼʲôûĶˣԼй֮£˱µȲѵʢ
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Ѱ˼ҵʲôްʲô֮ʲô֮߰¶ʮңԶ
ȻҲûдµľ顣
ۼΧȺڵ˱仯ƿ»鵱̲ס̧˹ȥҪⳡ־硣
˭֪ŸǰȺ֮УһϤʵ
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Ƕĳ
Ѱȥһ۱㿴ǸźµŮӣ笩һ㣬ŵعһޡ
վһΧ۵İգٿĳޣæԱãС㿴ǰۣһԲϱ㽫ӳ
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184 
ǴʶķӦ,ܿ÷ϦӦǲԸ
ǡʱΧ۵֮,ոջʮеˣʱȴ˹ʮ,̸ֹʲô
ִЩ˵Ľ̸ʮ䣬ʱ,֮ЩԹ
˵Ҳ,ʼҲֻǵĴ
Ҳ⡣
Ͼ÷ϦԼԸ񣬿νر
÷Ϧϲα,ǿ÷Ϧûûء
÷Ϧ,Ҳʲô˵¶
ǣҲʲôҪ˼ʽʡ
˭֪ȴŹ÷Ϧ
Դ÷Ϧھ¶Լ,׷ŷ֮ϲڹڳᵽ÷Ϧ
ÿÿᵽ÷Ϧ,ϱضʮĨͬɫ
ȻŮ֮ĳͷǷǳ,ԭôҲǳԻʮĺš
ϱӵĹ,ʮЩĸ,Ѿﵽ˶ˮƽ
ƽĿ˵֪ҲȦеĸŮŮ
񼸺˲Ĺ,˾ٵ⡣
޷ǺȦ֮оõѹֶΡ
÷ϦĴ³Լ֣Լƽ⣬硣
ò˵ʮҲȷʵãʮʱ˲˻֮,ʧ
ԼˣΪ飬ѹ÷ϦȻǲġ
˺ȦֶΣʮ۱ܿеĹϣ÷Ϧǰʮֱ÷򸾵
֮УҲֻн֪ŮеЩӣ
ֻ֪ⷬٶǲ
ڽ֮ĵط÷ϦǸزסӣԼﲻˣȻҲŹǸ˵ס
ɴֱţǳʲôĿģԺ
˭ʮٶǵûԼĽᣬ˲ָ֮ԡ
ʲôŮӣΪαƫƫ㣿ʲô֮
ôδ˵ʲôֺڴˣ
Ǵ³

֮ͬʮ÷ϦȻʹҲˡ
ҲΪˣǳ׽ӡ
÷ϦԼĸ߹ᣬ÷Ϧ䲻йϣҲǸԸԿӣɴҲץЩڸĵط
˻֮Ϊǣڣ÷Ϧ޹֮ˮἰ
÷Ϧ˵ģαбǡھˡʮ㡣
˵ھˡҲΪʢ֮УΪĻ¬¼
ʱŸոռ޸үãڳɻ֮󣬲μӵĵʮͻ硣
˵ŮӼǵڶͶ̥ҵļͶ̥Ȼǳ
ЩΪ˻飬΢ʵĹŮǣҲת̬ȡ
Ϊҵ˲١
ʮЩʮĹŮΪΪ˸ʮӡȻΧ߲סά
ʮ仰ǡҶɶ㣬ѾʮƷھˣٷ˶ȻҲ
ĻȻ˭ͬ⡣
ھˣǶҲǲٹŮܶĿꡣ
˶˵ԺҲȻܱΪھˣȻֻ֪ǿ֮ԣʮֲϹأҲܲסеٵõ㡣
ֻ˵ʮ䡰˵
ǼȲʮҲȻҲԹɫ֪ϲʲô֮󣬱ɴʮ䡣
ϵ¶סˣ֪Щ¶˲١
Ҳˣ˵ʮ쿪ıߡ
Ȼ÷Ϧȴʮ֮󣬱ҵʹ㡣
ֻ֮Ҫʮضʮ䡰δʮƷھˡֱӽҰµ˾֪
ʱվˣеĹŮǶ֪δʮƷھˡͷΣ˽ȻҲûȡЦ֡
ЦʮƷھ˲ż
ǳʮƷԱԭӣҲлҫġ
Ǽ޸ʮʮƷԱĶӣ㿪ʼİˣ
µǰЦֱ˵м̳²ҰԼĽȦﶪ˺ôʮ
÷ϦᣬֱùŮ뵽˵ϻжͬԼͬʱ˲١
Ůе뷨Լܵǣ֮£Ȼ޴ӵ֪
Ӵ˿ķӦȴܹӦǶԡھˡptsdˡ
Ҳʮ⻰Լıݡ
ڹŶ÷ϦԼϻ֮ʱ÷ϦѾߵǰĳܣ
ٷ˲ȥ߳үôϹƣ
˵֮Ҳڣ÷Ϧϱʮ˿Ȼ飬˵
Ŷ~ôˣٷѾүˣȻүȥ߳ǣٷƺҲʱˣǽлСɣ
ǰЩӱСƺ˵С¥˵ͻᵽ˱С㣬˵С˫껪δˣС㾹ȻߣƤѧġ
էʮС㻹úǲģСƺҲû˵ҲȷôСѧСĺƤСҲѧСı°
СүսϳʱСȻӢδޣȴӵʮɷ˵δ򡣡
үȫʤСŸͬүʮͬ뾩֮ʱСȻӢδޣͬӵʮɷ˵δ򣬵СˣӴδˣ
СʮߵʱС㵹Ǽˣţ˸ɷ˵ɷԭҲûʲôϾŮӴˣ䵽ܻˣǱСδ޵ģ
ǽСľǿɾ൱ˣСʮˣСôʹ˱Сˣ
ҳ¶үСժҪСô˵׻Сбأ
СѰѡءУʱϲ˵Сûء
СȷҲǹĹأСȴ֪ʮ㣬ʮͲ̶ôصС㣬⻻δ򻹲Ѱ˼Ҫɷأ
͡
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ڶ˶Ѿ޹ȥˣ˵ЩЩʱ˰ɣ
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ͲͬˣǰԹԹؿ÷ϦʮֿۣʼĨᡣ
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֪ǰõȷЩʱ˽㣬Ҳðɣ
ǽĶǰʧԹڻñʹǸ㿴ǳķϣĪӹ
˵꣬ʩʩȻ÷Ϧʮ
ıƫϸҲ֪ΪͻޱδϢãǱʲôԭɫЩ㲡
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÷ϦӦҲ죬˲书򣬱ֱӻع
Ҳ˸ۣ
Сеܵܲ٣ȴûʮã˭أС㲻ף
ȻʮΣȴû÷ϦֻԹԵؼԼϸţ
硭
дõľ籾У꣬ΪѣȻ̲סվִԡ
֮Ըлŵлʮȥ꣬ҪǰԵҲ¡
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⿩ĸɶĸµأĸµô˱㿩
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仰ʮ˵ڣ̲סЦͬʱšոҾô˵ˣ⻰ֱͦѧã֮
ֻ΢΢˼Ƭ̣֪Ϊλдˡ
¸еĻӣǰĴŮҲ˲Ůϲķ绨ѩµİ顣
ǹûмǴʮУҲʮŮǣŷ˱С硱ϰߡ
ʱҶʹ飬ˣӦζԸ
뵽ЩԴǣȻҲ룬ʮ䡰ĸµŻ˿
ʱҶ仰޲ڣ˵Ҫдڻ档
仰ֵĵطȷǡǰ¸˵ݡ
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Ϊѵ¶ͷöûлȥ¸зɣȻҲ֪¸˵ʲô
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ʲôҲܽеģСȰԺԶЩСıСıӣ
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ûУ
÷Ϧ°ͷʣٴѯʣ˴𰸣
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÷С㡭
δڣʮ˿ڡ
ǴӸոյڣû÷Ϧ˷վΪ˸ΧʵԲ˶ϻ۹ˡۡ
Ը÷Ϧ飬ȴԸ⿴÷ϦΪ˸ΧԼ
ڴ֮ͥ˵ĳӣʮŮӵӰ죬ȻԶ
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ֻĳ廹û˵ڣֱ÷ϦøոյǾ仰˻ȥ
Сող˵Ů֮䳳û˲ķݶС죡
ǰŮӣ˵죬Ҳ׺ġ
ѾǵڶŴ˷ɱʮͬʱҲ˿ڵ
˿÷ϦѾĳ޸˳УʮʮĴţ
СǰϲἰС㣬ԱСҲ˽⣬Ӧ֪ССϲĶԸ˷ɣ
С㣬ˣҲͬˣʱӲɱֱСû㣡
ŶˣСǰ˵СͻèĹ򣿼ȻèĹֻձӳ鵽СϣҲֲñС˰ɣ
÷Ϧ˵䣬еĶ뽫ӳ鵽ϡ
ֲֻŸո̧͵˼
˭֪ǰүڳʮѾûκοԷʱˡ
ңûУ
ֵ˵仰Ҳ˲ǰԵתԴȥ
ʮܵûӰ
ܹ뵽ڣʮĿĲݵĵزȻ׵뿪ˣ
дʧͬʱ־úδʱʱͶȥ¸̽Ҫࡣ
Ȼ뷨Ÿ¶ʮ·ֶߣյ÷Ϧľ棺
ߣűС顱
÷Ϧھ⣬֪ǲ𣬿ҪȫҪ
ʱΧΧ۵Ⱥɢ˸ʮɶ
л÷С½Χ
ʱлᣬú÷Ϧʮл
֮Ͱˣ¹˸л
÷ϦҲ˰֣Ȼûոյ¶ϡ
Ǿ֮ͣҲùʮԿϷ
仰ָ
鼸ö룬֪ϼ˵ء
Ҳʮվˣֱǰ²ߵߣͬʱţ
Ҹ׼ⲻû÷С˸÷Сոտ˵ˣŮӳܣû˲ķݶ
ֻƳ˹ʮۣҲûж˵ʲô
յʱѾӰ
ȻҲ֪˵֮ԲαոǾ仰ҲǱԹҪ߹飬Ϸˣͱټˡ
ȻҲ֪˼̧ǰֱӽӹΣƽ԰ӣ
ҪлҲڴſڶˣȥ˵ɡ
ͬʱ÷ϦʮʾҲš
÷Ϧԭ׼˷ȥعյʾ⣬˼Ƭ̺󣬵׻Ǹȥ


185 
ôʱ԰ˣ
֮,ʳĵ׵ɻ
Ӹոտֵ˿У֪ܹſڽ²żȻ
ʱ,ÿն԰
г̲ʲôܣҲѹֻᱻ¸ˡ
ȻΪжЩѧˡ
û˵,һԵ÷Ϧ̲סˣҲ˹𰸡
÷Ϧ˵ļ,ȴܿеĺ壺
һεĻῼڼ,иϿģǸصٮٮߡ
԰ΪԺ¥Ե,˾ѧӾۻύѧϰĵõѡ֮ء
ѧ,ȻҲ׵ĵҲϲ˹԰¥ѧϰΧ
һѧʵ,ѧӻһãлв֮ͬ,ȻԸŹѵõĻᡣ
ʶӰǰʼ,ÿնһЩʱ,԰СƬ̡
Ҳѧϰ˲ٶ
֪ԭ,һӣľٶ,һҲˡ
ǡ
Щؿ÷Ϧһۣλ÷С㣬Ȼ֪԰ӵĿģ˸һЩ
ʲôֵģ
÷ϦҲһЩʱյˣ񼸺һ񣬱֪ʲô,Ҳһ䣺
ӷʣѧˣ˹עǺ¶𣿡
⻰÷Ϧ˵ĵ١
Ҫ֪ǰǾŮӵĴˣֻʱлԼŮӶұֳ
˲м֮˻飬ŮȻźȴһۡ
Ų¼ҲŴ̽״Եؽ֮õ˼ҡ
вٹŮ˵û£øĸ̽
ǰõʱ򣬶˵ֱߵƣȴɼ
Ƕһ±ۣҶ룿
һΪܹŮǵĴҲΪһ㡣
Ͼժɵĸ֮ȴúϧڽű߼̤˭ܵˣ
ţһʧ֮У֪жŮΪ֮
ڳ֮³ǰΪĳһЩĸ꣬һ˿ȣʽ֮ǰ˲١
عߵĵһʱ䣬òٹŮʧ
˵ǹŮˣ÷ϦõЩֵĽӣ֪ӵš
¶ȥԻ˿һ
÷ϦƽϵرشţСϢͲ٣ϢȻҲû¡
ʶ÷ϦĻشҲһ˵ҪģҲĺ塣
Ȼ⻰ڳ˶Уȴһζ
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ӳòС㿴ˣձСĸȥ¼ף˵Ժ÷ҵŮˣ˵Сû
ʱ˵ɫ΢΢˱䡣
ǿ˿÷Ϧǿ˿ôһ˲䣬˻Ϊ䡣
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÷Ϧ˵վŵʱҲ毺񻣬վߣҲһˡ
Ȼ뷨ҲֻڹԺһ
÷Ϧı֮ʱ˲ԼԺһ׵뷨
һìܱˣìܣ÷ϦҪһ֮¶˱ӣжģֵضûС
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Ҳ΢˱䣬ȻҲ뵽÷Ϧոյһ
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룬÷ϦȻ÷Ϧȴһ۱㿴ʲô
һʱ䣬÷ϦȻ֪˵ʲôǺãڣֱӿ˹飺
²Ըո˵Щ˰ɣ
ûлشֻ÷Ϧһ
еĺʮԣѵ
Ȼǣ÷ϦҲ㷴ͬʱΪŵطһۣǹ˵ģû˵Ƿ֮𣿡
˵һ㣬÷ϦϱƲסϲ
÷ϦȻ书ǿȴ˵Ȳɡ
ڶԸʱ÷ϦҲǶԸѰһ㣬һԲϱӡ
ʶǰÿÿ棬ճԿǸܻ÷Ϧ
⻹÷ϦΪʤһǴȫʤ÷Ϧβˣ
÷Ϧ˻һٹ飬֪ոյȷˡ
ʱεͬʱֶһ˿ң
øոԼûóȻھܾڿɾͶˡ
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Щո÷Ϧŵʱ˵ˡ
ȴ÷Ϧһ仰˻ҵ˻ᣬ׻ûס
˭֪÷Ϧȴ˿ûн·ϣֻ˰֣˵һ䣺
ʲôѾˣҲôһ⡣
Ȼû뵽÷Ϧ̬ⷬȣЩͬü

е޷˶ۣÿڱ˵۲۰
Ȼ˵һ֣㱻÷Ϧˣ
ôܶһ컹ÿܶһͭ壿ôٻһ컹ٳһ⣿ôС㣬رСƨ£
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⣬¼ҹز٣ǰ뱲ӣνǼΪѭ浸أ÷Ϧˡ
֮УѾΪĴˡ
ȻΪĹ飬Ϊ¾ǰҲҪУʱʱ̿ע
էȻһ÷ϦۣⷬȻǾʮ־ס
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ģʵֺ֮ô
˶ۣΪ˲ϧ˼ľձеĿģȴΪ˸·
÷Ϧ㣬˿ηԣһУñ˭
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ֱӶϵĲ豭Բƣϼ֮󣬱̧һ
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ҲЩʱδˣ֪ӣΣ


186 
⻰, Ҳȫǿס
ʵǽڹ԰ײҲ׼⼸ճȥһα硣
Ҫģ¾ѡйء
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˵¼ϴ, Ȼ, ¾˵´׼´¶õȷô
, ¼һȻȻվ, Ҳڡ
鶼Ӧø¼Լһ
, ǰȣҲûʲô𡣡
Ƕôһˣ
ڹ黰µһ, ˹˼
΢΢ЦЦ, ֱӸ˴𰸣
ǼҸɻϿ, Ϊλῼ٣ȽæµЩ
ƾǹ֮, ÿһ츺ƾٵ٣ҲһǱܻʵ۳谮ĳӡ
һ, ֪¾Щʵ֮ìܣδ¸
ЩҲ¶һЦݣѵ÷һ䣺
´ѧʶȻ¸أȷԵΡ
ǰƨĻ, ѵһأҵѷɫһ
Ȼ˹ĲϰߣЦЦĵת˻⣺
¹˵ĸǰЩӲἰ¡
ţͶȥһɻĿ⡣
Ϊˮ·֮¡
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ˮ·ҿҲûʲôϡģ·Ҫ·ѣⲻ𣿡
ҲǱѰ·Ҫƽ̹һЩˣȻҪչ·ѣ⻹ȥ·

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ҲͰˣˮ·ĳаôҲ׬һʡ
˾ڻʱ򣬳ɼϲôÿ
Щаˮ·̼־ˣǰͶ벻СҪǵ˺ڣҶԸ·ѣβܻر
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Ȼ˶Թ·һвȴҲԸⳢĴڡ
ȻҲбšҵҪˮ·кرһ±Ҫй·ѡ̬Եˡ
ȻⲻԲ֪һԣ˲ŷˮ·Զеĺá
ȵ˵ؼٶȼ졣
ѰҪ·̣ˮ·ϣһɵִĿĵء
ԭЩˮ·ԹԵİգʱ㲻˵ˡ
ǿҪаֽ̼ûˮ·ĵطҲˮϡ
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ͬһʼ˵ǰ㣬ˮ·֮󣬽ͨ˾õڷɡ
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ں֪һЩʶ˶֪óһ࣬GDP˰ȻȻҲܱϲ١
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ȻҲ֪һ㣬¶Ҳȷġ
Ҳֻ˵˻ؼңܸ֮ػ


187 
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Ϊ㲻,ȻһɨȥĿ,İס
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뱾˵´˿Ŀ
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ķӣȡͷ˰ӵе˰ƶ˿ٽ˰ǲ˰иԣˣཻҲǹƽ
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͢صĿӵԼҹǵ˰գԼҹķѵĳɱˣɴʳļ۸񣬻ǽһѹեƶũƶũĹӶʡ
󣬳͢˰ˣԼҹ׬˸ͨյӷѹˡ
ĽҲǹ룬ʷ̯Ķ֮ɵӰ֮һ
ĩȻƣɱšȫˣҲܺá˼롣
ʶĽϹ齫̯Ķóĳԡ
ϳǱѾ˼Ƭأ˳ʳһʵ̯Ķĸ֡
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ڹ̯Ķĸ֮ǰܱѾˣʩеͷ˰ӵеֱ׶ˡ
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Ҳı״Ȼȴһֱ벻һʵĽ
ֱ˿̣̯ĶûǮû˲˰ǮĶཻ˰ʱͬããеĵָ˷
˲ļֶ֮ʱ侲ܿ뵽̯ĶҪʵʩٵԼ
˼Ƭ̧̺ۿ˹飺
֪¿ɷ¹ϸ˵˵̯Ķϸڣ
չǰϰߣһ飬ͬʱóһݿʵʩļƻǱ棬ʶܲŻдʡ
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ɣһظдһϸļƻ飬˸´´˿֮ǻʲôʣѯʱ
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Ҳûֱһл˹ĺ⡣
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Ҳ֪ǷǹĴ뿪ʱܾƺʲôڿ
ȻתʱȴʲôҲû
תѯֹ꣬õ쳣Ļش֮󣬹Ҳֱӽ¸׵Ժ
Уظ֮Ҳûеֱӽ̯Ķľ巽Լֱ׶˶д͵С
ڹ鿴²ǰһСæ
Ȼ鲻֪ǣܽӵļƻûãյ˹лʵʥּȥ˻ʹ


188 
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ʵۿ꾡ļƻ,ԼƻϤԼǲ䣬лһ˿ζĹâ
ⷨӣҲģ
ػϵĻ,ǵġ
΢΢ػشš
˲ǹ֮,иʽ˷ΪڣҲǣǿ
ܸðŷս˲ύ,ʵҲٲ˻ʵ۵С
ʶڽӵʵ۴ٵʥּ֮ʱ,ܲ⣬ֱӴŹŸո͹ļƻ,˹
鷿֮,Ȼͬǰ㡣
ڻһһϿ,Ҳû˵ķϻֱӽǼƻҪ˹ȥ
õĳĬ֮,ܱ˸ոյǸ⡣
ܻش֮,鷿Ƭ̵ĳš
ʱ鷿,˻ʵԼ⣬Ҳֻһ,״ʵ۵Ŀ⣬,Ҳ̧ͷһʵ۴˿̵顣
СȻҲ޷֪ʵ۴˿е뷨
ϰµʱ򣬱Իʵ۵⣺
ƻ飬°ɿˣ
ػϣ΢Եؿһۡ
ǰŸõƻ鲻ãűյԻʵ۵ټ,ҪϸҲûǸᰡ
ȻԵؿˣ°ã̯ĶķӡΣ
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ȻֻǾһƳĹƺҲ΢˽һЩʵ۴˿̵顣
ԳĬƬ̣ոһ𰸣
΢Ϊ˷С
ʵüͷ΢΢µ׷һ䣺
ţ˵˵

ٸһᣬѡڶԱһͨԹ٣Ҳù˿̱ʵ۵ʻ
˿̻ʵһһ⣬ܵѹȶʱ׳鹦θ
Ͼѧ쳳鹦֮ʱʵӦܻˣˣ븸ȻԻʵ۵ʱǶȻ˵ġ
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˼ƻģܹЧؼ沢⣬ĺôӦȡͷ˰ܹ֮˿ڱ仯
˵ͣƬ̣ʶ̧˻ʵһۡ
ȴյ˻ʵһеʱ˲٣˻񣬼
뿪߽㲻㰲ȣЩȻΪԵʣת΢ΪҪӰ˼Σ
šӸոտʼһֱû˵ĻʵۣʱһⷬǼΪͬġ
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ҳÿ꿪Ҳͬ¶΢΢ݹۻھȴܹÿ꿪ʱӦߣ١
г˽߽Ϊ⣬һԭ򲻿ɺӣǽЩ꣬뾳ڵİҲ٣һ㣬ӽе˰״Ҳܿ
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һԣ֪ʵǻָǣ΢΢һ鷿˳ȥ


189 
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ȻҲ֪ʵһϵоٶ
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عԱϽص
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رǻʵ۶µ̬ƺΪ,ǿҪǰ
õµĹԱзֹ
ֻʵ۵,ܲӣʶɻɻ,µĹԱҲûеһջʵ۵ָæ
Ȼ,Ҳи𴥾ȽĹԱ,һ΢ЩͻȻ֮,ʲô
ֻ̯Ķ֮¹ڻܣ˷Ĺ,Լ֪ʱܣҲֻлʵԼеļλس֪
֮,Ҳ޴֪е顣
µĹԱһͷˮͬһϢ֪ʵΪ̯Ķ֮ǰڵ׼
һ۱㿴˻ʵ۴ʱعԱصԡ
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ò˵һǰһʱʵۿνġ
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˭֪ǰ󲻹µĹ򣬻ʵ۱ж
Դˣ¾ʮ⣺
ʽȷ˲١
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ϸ룬ƺδݻؾʱʼʵ۵Ĵ·񣬾˼ı仯
ԵĲ˵˵ԼС¹ؾ֮󣬻ʵ۵һϵоٶ
ǽԼС¹빬УԴ֮λΪԼС¹檡
ǺͨԼ۸ԼС¹ʩѹٵڶԼС¹빬֮һϵоٶǻʵǰӣܹ¶
ϾԼС¹ʱ䣬ʵ۶һֱڵŶˮʦĽɫˮˮƽ¯ࡣ
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Ȳ˵ʵ¶ˣ˵˵үˣҽүģæµĺܰ
⻰ҪԹʲôʵһ˵
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϶ԴӵⷬУͻȻҲóзֹ
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191 
Ȼ˵ϣܹס,ȴҲ֪΢΢
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ǰڵĲ,ģǴڵ״̬
Ȼ췴˼,¾Ͳڰֵַһӡ
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ԭ췴һ棬Ǳû̫ʤ,ֻʵ֮˸ң˿ӡ
ʵۼȻѾת̬,ҲԻһ,ƻ֮,ͼ֮
˭뷨ոһ㱻Ӹ˻ȥ
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˵ǰ㣬ͼ֮мְգ
Ӵ˻һԭʼùĵĻŶʱû˵ˡ
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ʱֱĵ졣


192 
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Ȼеľƶ¾ƿ֮У¾ǲԼȥðյġ
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193 
Ҫ˶Թ˵ⷬ,ٲûˇNɪһ
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û,ȷΪƾ̯Ķ
ʵ΢΢˵ͷ˹϶Ļش,ָп
˵ҲЦǰЩ޻Ϊ˶ϡ,˰½ͷ۲ѣ¾ȻҲûһΪ޷֮ˣ˭֪ûյĹı̯Ķķ鷳
˵ţʵֿ˹һۣ
°˵,ⷨӣģ
ò׼ʵⷬ⣬˿Ҳֻ˳Żʵ۵Ļ˵
Ƕġ
˭Ϲ߸յͷǱ߻ʵ۱һ
ӲƻҲ꾡ǱֵǰӾҷöˡ
⻰ʵ˵ȴܽӣæص
ʹˣ볯еĴȣĺԶ
ԶˣҪ˵ֵµЩ˼һֺ
˭֪ʵȴذ˰֣ȹ鷴
óĲ֮СԶӡˢǰЩӵţ磬Щӵ̯ĶķӣǸֵЩʮԴҲһܹ
⻰ûˣ
ЩʮԴҲͬ벻
ܹɵóռ˱˼ǧ֪꣬ǰ˵ľѡ
ҲֻܸɰͰ͵ػһ䣺
ʹˣҲǽЩѡ
Ȼûʵۼ棬ԼС¹Լ˵УԻʵ۵Ҳ˽⡣
֪ʵ֮¡
ڹ˼ʵ˵ⷬΪʲôʱ򣬱˻ʵ
޽սһ£⡣
΢΢ص
븸ʷԸ
˭ϻʵȴûֱ˵Լʣ˹һ⣺
Ҳ֪ı߽㲻ʮְȣãҪԭʲô
شﲩռȻƣˮַ֣࣬ȻҪ󡣡
⣬СҲܸȷĴ𰸡
ûҪ󡣡
ʵ۵˵ͷͬظһ飬ʣ
֪߾Ϊȵģʲôʱ𣿡
ʮǰ
Щȷػش˵ʱ̧һۻʵ۵顣
ڿʵϿ϶ı󣬱֪ԼӦ˵ˡ
󣬹յ˻ʵһֻܿڽ˵
ʮǰһĺ֣ڿգʱգֱһ뷢ս
Ϊ¾Եʣ鷿֮У뷢ĴСս£ϸļء
ڵÿյʱżҲᷭһ¾鷿֮е
˵һսԨλĵһΣҲǹģһս
ʱֵȹΪ֣ۡ
ϰѾȱʲôϰߡ
һ꣬һѵõķ꣬ʱʳ˲٣Ǵֵ̼ȹ񾭡
ʶһΣֵȹüΪ񣬶͸һ벻ݵζ档
ⳡսֹóСڽɽ
Ҳһֵ꣬Ĵ˧ԼʱܳĽ죬ڽͬھ
λִ˧ʯٵľܱߴ֮ˣҲΪóСڽɽ㹻ڵļС
ļ꣬ӭһѵõսڡ
ʱսΣ޴ӵ֪
Ǵ鷿У¾¼ĽʿԼóȥ㹻˾ôĿˡ
ʵεغܺãȴɴӻʵ۴ʱ֮Уһ˿¡
ԴˣõҲ⡣
Ͼʱİҵʹ˻һʵΪĹѲӰ
Ȼ֮䣬뵽˳ʱǱ¼ŵλشٶ
ļʱѾȥ˴꣬ݣҲܼ߰˰ˡ
ڣ鶼ǵãҪʱڵ㡣
һǰʵ۵ľٶƵҰ¶ʱ
һʮǰ
ڻʵ۸ոλǼ꣬ʵ۵ĸ֣ܹƵǡ㡱һɵùҹζ档
ȻʮǰʵȴͻȻʼϳʱ磬³ʱӣҲ١
ʱ黹Цһ䣬оô㷭˸
ٽһʱڵ㣬ƺʲô
Ӧñʮǰǳսʵ۵ӰԼ仯ɡ
ûλΣӦñʮǰһˡ
ڹ˼ʱ򣬻ʵ۱ͬ˹˵
߹ձʵ۵˼˻ʵ۵һ仰
ǰͻȻյϢꡭ˻֡
ʲô͵̧ͷʵۡ
ڷǰáʵֱӸ˹һ϶
Ǹˣûʵ˵׻ʵ۵˼
ʮǰڵļңΪֿգͬ뷢ս
һսڵļǱŲݵľġ
ַ꣬˻֡
ʵȻû˵ֵ鵽Σһ䡰ڷǰá㹻С
Ƚڼҵʮǰö١
ʮǰΪӶᡣ
ǽأ
Ҳͬʮǰһɣ
̽ǰЩӴϢ˵ֵȹѾʼˡ
ڹʱ򣬻ʵ۱˹һ϶Ĵ𰸡
ڸΪʲôȻԶ
һܿ췢˲ԣ
ִʱҪʲôʵѾõϢʱӦģѵǽϢԼС¹Ӧ֮
ΪʲôʵȴҪ鷿
ڹʱ򣬻ʵ۱˵Ŀģ
㲻ηսǰˣˡ
սһ˲ƣ꣬ľȻתȴҲ̫ڡ
󣬻ʵ뵽ʲôĬһ˲ּһ䣺
򲻴˵һꡣ
ʵ۴һеĺ塣
꣬ʮǰҲͬһꡣ
ʱʵԼİգΪܹһꡣ
ֵȹҵĶȴ˵Ļ롣
һֿ꣬յһѵõķ꣬ղ룬ȴֻսӡ
ʵڴʱᵽꡱ֣Ȼǲظʮǰʷ
˼ˣ̲סȰ˵
ʲ̫ǣͲʮǰˡ
˻Ҳֻǰο
Դʮһ֮ûʲô֣ȻССսûֹͣҲûٳֹʧ
˵¾ճո˲˵Ҳõ˲
˵룬ȫ
ףʵҲͬף
޵Ȼ֪Ѿʮǰˣս¶ˣܹ鲻á
ԼԼһ²⣬ȴʮֿ϶
Ǹʵ˼ǡ
ʵ۽һ仰ȴֱӿ϶˹Ĳ²⣺
޵˼ǣûʲô취ܹͷ


194 
ôһ˲,ΪԼ˻
»ʵ۾Ȼ
ڿʵѯִһ˿󣬹ȷԼոյȷû
ôһ˲,֪λش
˼Ƭ̣տڵ
,⡭Ϲء
ͬĹŴ󹬲øһ㣬,Ӽ,ʧȥ˽볯õȨ
ΪϸǼ꣬Ӽ֮ʧȥ,ǽ볯õȨ,ͬʱҲ۳֮µʸ
ʶڹһ䡰ϹءҲԡ
ʲôأ˭ϻʵȴֱ̧˹һ,ĲϹص¶ˣ
˵ͬʱ,ʵۻԼǰ,ֵ˵㡣
λñʵԶ,Ҳһ۱㿴,ʵָ֮ѹŵģǡɱǰЩӽܵһݡ̯Ķƻ顱
ʱ,˻ʵ۴˾ٵĺ壺
˵ոջʵۺ߳һѣ˵ֵµĳûܸɣ˵̯ĶҪʲôԭأ
ͬʱ߶䣬¼ҵļλ,ĶĶã̫ʵˡ
̯Ķƻ飬ܾȻдԭˣܳܳһݶġ
ù鼴Ҫ񶨣֪η񶨡
⡭
ڹʾ֭ҪΪݡ̯Ķƻ顱ҸĽڵʱ򣬱ʵۻ˻ֱ֣Ӵ˹Ļͷ
鷿ھˣ̸ֻ֪֪֪㲻ϹأҲ֪㾡ֱԱǡ
ʵⷬ˵Ҳȷе˼Ƭ̣ʵ
ǡɾֱ˵ˣ
˭֪߻䣬Ǳ߻ʵ۵ϱһ˿Цһ
ȻѾ˷ӣ
飺
Ÿո֪֪ģթأ
ʵҲȷ
˵Իʵ۽֮ѯеȣʵԼЩ˼顣
ȵӦʱ򣬻Ѿ˵˿ڣʵ۱ɴ˳ͷ˵
ϾչǰóЩӣһ֮Ҳһأ
˭֪ⷴӦܹ˵һġ
ʵ۵˾һ˫۾Ź顣
ʱ򣬹ȷ
ոջʵթأ
Ѿ˵˿ڣִܹͷԼС¹Ҳкô
˼ˣĵ׵ĿܲɢЩ
̧۶ϻʵ۴ߴٵĿ󣬹һ˼㻺ڣ
ʸոҲ˵ˣ֮ԴٱԴͷûй֮ϡ
ûʵ΢΢˵ͷ
˵һʼ˽룬ǿشﲩҪΪС
ˣҲû˭С
йȻмڹ˭ҲԸ˭ռˣ߲Եڡ
ģ˹ﲻ䣬۶ѹҲܹҧͦԡ
񣬳ʮǰһ㣬ɽˮĵزѾٻһ̫֮õ¶ˡ
Ͼսһ𣬲벻ð֮Ҳͬˡ
ڻʵʱ򣬹ѾԼĴ𰸣
Ȼˣ뽫ʸǲˣ
ʵҲ۾ص
ƾʲô
ʣǸŻ¶
ȻʵǿɴδΪ˭ĸӹ
龹ȻԽۣṩʣ
뵽ʵ۱ļһ֮𣬡ڡһ±ð˳
ȻȻʵ۽ɻй˹
Ȼƽ޹ʸʡ
⻰ʵļŭƽϢ˹һɻĿ⣺
ţ
˼ǣԿͨ߾ͨóף뾳ڵʣֵȹ
Ƶ˵Լ뷨
ֲҪ
Ǳˡ
ֻҪôθ٣Ͳܹˡ
ͨóף
ò˵ش𣬵ȷЩʵ۵Ԥϡ
Ϊڴ֮ǰûй
΢΢ͷ˿϶Ļش
ûʸողҲ˵꣬һ𣿡
ȻǷ꣬ȻӦжʣԸ֮ͨϵġ
Ȼ֮⣬鿴ģҲӵĳԶ
ǽ꣬꣬ԼԺÿһꡣ
꣬齫ƹ㿪֮뾳ڵʳȻϲ١
Ŀǰ˿Ȼвʣ࣬·򿪣ʱЩʳҲȥҲǸһݵķӡ
ʱĿҵҲԵһµĸ߷塣
뵽ãӦûʵ۵˼빤ͬԼ顣
Ȼȹ鿪ʼڶȰ˵ʵ΢һ˿ȷʣ
Ǳߡͬ𣿡
һԣ֪ʵӦ⶯ˡ
ʵ۲ֻ᲻ͬ⣬ǻֱ˵벻Ը̵ͨһɳ
ʱ̱óԼʮֵľ񣬿ʼԼĺ֮ã
ֲͬ⣿ƾʲôͬ⣿
սһ𣬰ձʧɳҲʿǵѪ
س˸֮⣬ҲͬԸսİˣֵİҲͬˡ
ֵԭΪ˻֣գԸṩʳΪλҪֵİܴӦ𣿡
ò˵һȷ˵˵֮ϡ
ԵĲ˵˵ʮǰֵһˮһս
¾֮УȷʧأҲûкõȥ
һս֮УʧȥģǵĴ˧н֮һʿ
ֱڣֱ뾳ڣռĳǳأһ˵
ǽµϣ֪˶˵ѪҺֲ֪жˣ޷صԼĹ
ʮǰͶ·֮µѡ
ֳ֮ϵ룬Ƕϵ˵
죬ظʮǰʷ
ȴṩһ·
ִռ޷˵аԼʿ
ʱ򣬻ʵ˰ǰĵڶ⣺
ֵȹѾϰӶᡣ
ʵһ仰˵ɲ꣬ȴеĺ塣
ϰӶᣬʹϰ˲κδۣ뾳ʵΪ
óףʹҪõʣͱҪۣת䣬ȷ޷ܡ
ֻڹ˵ȴʲô⡣
ֻҲ˰֣
򵥣ʱǽǻġ

ܹЩҰ֮ͨıֺ߽ڶ
ʵҲҪȴ뵽ʲôƵģɫԱ仯Щһ䣺
ո˵Ѱ˸ǽǲԸүԴʮʿȥͬǽһ˵ͨġ
ʵۣ
ȥҪʮʿ
ϱԼʣȥ


195 
ǻʵ,Ҳⷬ޳ܡķԸˡ
ôҲ˶ʮˣ֮󣬻ʵۺܿ㿪ʼ˼˹Ŀԡ
ʵ۱㷢,˵ģ޵
֮Ұ,ó֮£Ѱȥͬ˵,ЧȻ,
ֵ³Թÿʵ۶ʱ,ƺûеǰѡ
ʵ۵仯۵׵Ĺǲɫ΢΢ЦЦ
ֶ,ֻڴڵķΧ֮ڡ
ûоԵȥ˽,˵ǹˣǿ,Ҳ޲
Ҫֻ֪,˽˵ʱ,ҲΪǸƵͷӡ
ƺʩ,Ͱִ顣
ŷ֣Լжס
ӵȷϲ,ֻǵ
ݺĸʾ߾ų࣬ɺĳȵλ¡
֮,ǧͬʱָͨ񶷼ɡ
ʷҲܿڿθѧʱйҹԷľʿɼһߡ
ù鳣õĻ˵һȭܹüСѡ
ڴĩǰҵӻܹԼ˼뷢󣬽Ϊˣȱĵʹ
ΪһŻѪҺС˼볤**ˣȻҪ̳пƷʵġ
ڹʱ򣬱˻ʵ۵
鲻޼ǵã޼ѰƻҲдĲ⿪ͨó֮£Ҳ̯ͬĶһ㣬дһݼƻްɡ
ʲô
鿴Żʵ㶣˸ո˵ģոջʵ۲˵ֻһ
ôͱҪдƻˣ
Դˣʵֻ˹һȻ
ô⣿
û⡣
Щԣ㶼ˣһʲô⣿
ͬʱҲԻʵ۵ĺ޳ܣһµ֪
ùû뵽ǣʵܱ֪ģҪҪһЩ
ΪڵõĴ֮󣬻ʵҲ߳Ź°ͣ
Ȼû⣬Ǳ㶯ʰɡ
ڣ鷴ʡ
ôд޿ո˵ͷͷǵӦѾעɣ
ʵֿ˹һۣȻ
Ȼ⡣
֮£ԹűУƩ缫Ϊ˿֮·
˵̻ǹϱУҪдһļƻ飬ڹ˵ǳԷˮһ򵥣ȫ
鶼ףʹѵμ
ôͻȻͱҪӰˣ
̧ۿʵ۴ߴٵ󣬹֪յļӰӦڱУҲֻѹеĲˣߵһԵǰʼܱʼ
ոʵἰԿͨó֮ʱбѾ³̡
дļƻ飬Ҳ±񣬳ż˼ʵôʣм伸ûκͣ١
ȻĲˣڽ빤״̬֮󣬹ȴû˿
ȫ񶼷ڼƻ֮ϵĹ鲢ûпִ֮ʱʵۿ΢һ˿ӵ
Ҳֻڻʵ۵ϳƬ̡
󣬻ʵ۱ջԼߣĿе֮ϡ
ֻǾþҲûз۱ܿ˿̵Ļʵۣ˼¡
ĪԼСʱ֮󣬹黺еëʡ
һݸոʳ¯ļƻͨһ飬û©Լ֮󣬻һ̧ۿ˻ʵۣ
ʣдˡ
˼ĻʵҲܿع񣬵Ը
޿
ǰһеļƻ˻ʵ۵ǰ
ݼƻ飬һشŹصķ
ע˿ͨó׾̵ȱ㣬ͬʱҲд˿ܻ鷳谭
ˣڿܻ鷳Լ谭д˽
ݵ꾡̶ȣ˿һ̯Ķļƻ飬ûΪʱϹκۿۡ
˵ԼϤݼƻ飬̯Ķ꾡
ǻʵۣڿԼǰݼ˵ļƻҲһ˿ޣһ
ͷޱʹ㸮ϡ
лʣЩǶӦġ
΢΢İõؽ˻ʵ۵ʹ͡
ŻʵоƻģһζԼж˻ɣ
ѵʵ۽ȥϴּȥ˵Ҫ棬˴ĵĶֻΪ֮£
Ȼڹʱ򣬻ʵȴеһó׵ļƻ飬̧ͷ˹飺
ǰЩһЩìܣҲӦ
ڻʵ۵ⷬ󣬹˿Ҳ⣬ص
ǣ֪
ǹڵı飬͸һ̹Ȼ
ҲӦ֪ޣΪʲôìܰɣ
֪
΢΢ס˳ŨܵĽë΢΢Щ
󣬻ʵʣ
ģ
Ҳص
үͨȻͬ
ڹ˵仰֮ȴûʵһ⡣
Դһ˿ɻ̧˭֪ȴ˻ʵ΢Щӵ
ΪӣǶȻὫ˵ֱ׵ġ
һΣסˣ˹顣
ò˵Ȼֻ棬ʵ۵ȷЩ˽·ġ
ǷչӣԻʵ֮ʱὫ˵ֱס
ȴͬ
¾ողΪ˹飬˼̳лλĿܣΪ˲ϧʵۣҲûиԼ˿·
Ǵʱ黹ֺãڻʵǰһģɵĴ𰸣ζԵԼС¹һƬ֮ġ
ţҲûֱӽⷬ˵˳
һ󣬻ʵ˶ݵĳĬ
һγ˹յ鷿۲֮ʱĸ롣
ڹΪʵۻһֱĬȥʱ򣬱˻ʵ΢һ˿п
һԴλ֮󣬱һֱУ˼˼Լ֮¡
ʵ۵ĺԭ䱸ģ΢Իʵ۽Ļһ˿²⡣
Ȼ󣬹˻ʵ۵
Щһֱ˼ţ޸ͻ¶ǷЩ嶯ˡ
Ŵԣ΢΢ëٴβһ
ȻһΣȴûнӻ
ʵƺҲûùӻĴ㣬ԹԵ˵ţ
ǰгޣӦ֮ޱһֱ˼źʵѡ
Ƕ˵ǲԸõµĻһҶԲųٳٲԸʵһֱб
ڶ˵仯ⷽ棬һֱУ򵱳ҲһĹ򣬱˵ѡ
ͬˣ˿Ҳܹظ֪ʵ˵Ķʵ
ҲΪˣУһ˿һ
ǰԼС¹Ϊʱȴһ¶ҲûУ
ζˮľٶ
ڹɻͬʱӻʵ۽ĻУ˴𰸣
ʱУһϸĴѡޱţȹ۲ĥһЩʱգʱˣּ˭֪


196 
Ļʵû˵ȫ, û˵ȫҲ֪ʵ˵ĵʲô
޷˭֪¾ΪɲҪλ, ҲԸӡ
Ѱˣʵһ, ΪףٲûЩΡ
鲻һ, ͲѰˡ
ڻʵ۵һп, Ҳֻǵؿһۣ󷢳һʣ
Ȼү, ΪλҪүΪޣ
ɱ˵ʲô¾, ¾ϵĹ
ټһ룬ѵҲһͬŮӣ
ʵ¾, Ҫ񣬼ͬŮѾΪ, ʵӦҲ취˸¾Ū
˵ϡ
Ҫ, ¾лԼ֮ԭС, СӣѾ¾֮ǰ, ˡ
¾̯֮󣬹רŻسж̽һ, ȷԭȷжĳûκιϵ
ԭ¾İ֣ҲǴеôʡ
ò˵һ仰˵ʵ˵֮ϡ
ֻոջڴƵĻʵۣϵıôһ˲͡
޸Ƕ˴ͻ飬ʵҲ֮, İ֣Ҳ֪ģ֪Ĳ
ʵ۱ϾǻʵۣܿԼϵϸؼԼĸƣ
ԭţЩƳ󣬱Ƿֿ
˵ͬʱʵۻһóһʥּݵ˹ǰ
ӹһʥּڻʵ۵˼£򿪡
ʥּչ󣬹鼸һ۱㿴ݡ
Ϊ֮ǰԵʼ֮򸾣ԵϡԹͽᣬĪһϲ
ȷ¾ʥּ
ʱ䣬¾ɻĵڶա
һաԭӦ¾ʹ밲ӡ
ʱλ˾·ֵЩ𣬵ڶյ밲ڹĲ֮£֮ˡ
Ͼ٣ʶڿݺ󣬹ֱջԼĿ⣬û˵
ΪǶȵĹϵʵ۲ܿʱټϹ鲢û̫ı仯һʱ䣬ʵҲ̫ܹ׼ﵽЩʲô
鲻˵ʵ۱Ϊϣټһѻ
ϾģԭΪκ˲飬ǽᷢӣҲͬˡ
ӸոտʼһֱֳĬĹ飬ڿˣ
ʵ֤ƺ˽ү
ϾС¹˸飬飬Ũҵغܡ
ţ㲻ز˲ͷ¶Լ˳Ĳ
Щ¾ÿգһҪѰʱһЩҹҲͬˡ
ټЩ¾Ҳ֪ô£ǱҰһ㣬ܰڹºۼرϲ·ڲĵطҧ
Ʃ˵Ʃ˵
ڣ·Ĳ㱻öͮͮĲݮ
鲻ãһݮֱӱ¶˳
ʵȻЩϻۣأټ鷿õĻǲڹĶһ˿⡣
ʵȻһ۱㿴˹鲱ڲͬĵط
ʵֲʲôµͯӼӶһˣȻһ۱㿴˹ϵöݮôġ
ҲΪʵϵıƬ̵ͣŹҲһ˿ţ
ֶȻݵ¶߳
Ȼʵ֤鲻߳ܣΪܣΪ١
ע⵽ʵ۵󣬹װһ㣬̧Լ
ʵ۵ּͻȻҲûصȥֱӰԼϰ߻һȽϿƮݣϽΪ
ЩڣŹĶ󴦻⻬䣬¶ǹϸһ㱡ļСֱۡ
ʵԭɻΪͻȻá֡
ֱ۴˿̵ģ󣬻ʵ۵ʱ˹˾ٵ⣺
˿ֱ̹ۣĲӿš
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ǻʵд棬ٲûֱӱ۾ùȥ
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鷴ӦʱѾͺǰĴ̸˳ȥ
ŹһҲ⼸輧
̧ۿ輧еĶУ˲󺧣æ
д̿ͣݣ
һͬƽһףֱը˹
ԭȻЩԣҲǾȻһȴЩ
ȻȺӦ㷢֮в֪ʱ˼źɫװˣһգ۵Ĺ򣬱㽫ڵļ輧
λϵĻʵʱڣ
Żŵģɺͳ
ȻǺǳ⣬ò˵ʵ۵һȴͬǿļһ֮˵ͷ
ոջԻҵˣϵı˲侲
ܹϵģǴģǽ¿ƽʿҲͬѧ֮еٮٮߡ
˲Ĺ˱Ѿ˴ʱ龰
Ȼ֪⼸輧ΪͻȻҪд̻ʵۣȻʵ׼Щ֮졣
ʶһ㣬˶ʶһ
ˡ
ԼǰľƱɫĵɨ֮еһۡ
˼ᶨվڴǱߵĹԱʱɫЩ԰ף֮Ҳ͸һӾ˵ķӦܹ
֮лָƽ󣬱סˣҪԼ
Ȼ˿˵㴫һӵ졣
ϸƺܹһӵ֮УʿĽкԼײ
бнӵͻ
ĴСľ벢֮еȴãЩ쳣Դ̶
֮вŸոշһδĴɱ¼ЩͬѰ죬˵У˲˴𰸡
леСģʶ󣬽ЩԱߵͬۼֿһѣ⼸վҲվס
ҲӱȽѵģٶȻһۣҪѰһЩ
ֻһˣڿԣԭӦ¾λϿտҲɫҲѿ
Ե仯ûӹ˫ۡ
鼸˲µЩе뷨ʶЦһ
ԼС¹ʲôܸЩ˺˼Ļ᣿
ڹ۲е̬֮ʱλϵĻʵһοڣ
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200 
ò˵,ʵ۴˿侲ɤȷ˰á
ȻнӵԣڿʵƽӺ󣬱־ƺոǰ̶
Ȼ뵽˸ոͻȻڵ,գ۵Ĺ㽫̿ƷƺѾ˴𰸣
ʵ۴˷ģ,췢һУƿ֮аɣ
˼,϶Իʵֶּɵ
ڸոǼ¾ڵ,˿Ҳʶķһۣͼӹ,ȡһõϢ
ڹ飿
˷ԼǰľƱ,סԼڵı飬ͬʱɫĿ˻ʵһۣ
װԸʵ۴һһ,һֲ»ʵ۽
ǽС¹Ϊ˻ʵԡѪս,ΪûʵװƵ
ɻ,
ô,ôԼ˸ʫһף
Ȼ룬ıȴû¶ֺ
Щ˼ӹϿκϢ,ֻʧջԼĿ⣬ջʵ۵ķԸ,ոյķɻ
ֻмôӣ¿ƽʿڳϻЩͷʱﶼЩĲɡ
һֻעŵĶ
ֻ˿̵⣬ȴһƬȻ
̧۱ܿվܣ˿ڵո,ɷĴ
ỳɣոӵĽкԼнӵǵ롣
ʵȻҲܿЩǴ˿̵״̬Ҳûȥʱˣֱ뿪
˿̵Ļʹλ˵ȫǷ֮أڵõʵ۵׿ϺҲûоĴ㣬æʰʰ׼뿪ˡ
ֻ뿪֮ǰ˶ʶķһۡ
¾ɲڣһֱźŻʵ۵ȴ֪ʲôʱ˹ࡣ
ģƺ˻ʵ۵ּ⣬ùȥ
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ѵ޷ܻʵ۽ѹȣ𷴿
Ҳͷģܿ˴˷ƲĲ֮ͨ
ô輧ɱ޴ķ
ҵĶƽϢ̫ˣôҲôֱʡ
ʱȺҲҶ룬Ҳֻཻܻһղ׼뿪ʹ֮ٻཻһ
ߣҲĿе֪ԼС¹Ϣ
ǰ׼ĳ㣬һûʲôģεƽеĸ˳
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ոеһʱ¾Ѿӵ׽סˣֻǲ֮еĴܵţͬʱҪɨһսŵһЩʱ䡣
ڴӡĻӵ˶ڹĹУȺʵ۵ķ䡣
ΪѪԵʣ˿ϵϢЩˣǻʵۣҲЩľ
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Ȼ֮У֪ԼС¹ûˡ
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ʶ˿ĻҲûƴǣֱӸ˹ĵС
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֮л޷ڸǵŭ𣬼ǹ飬ϵĲҲŵö˶١
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ͷɢңͷķͲ֪Ķȥ˲˵ϻһ廨
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ԼĸԼֳͬ˿̵Ļӣĸ֮УΪһˡ
˿Ҳ˵ϻһ˿ҵȻЦ⡣
Ǵ˿̹Ȼ෴󣬹ỳɽմӱƹʧܵ¶ûз
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Դ˵Ҳ⣬ϸԼС¹һȷԼС¹ȷʵûˣ΢΢һ
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ȻǲɱĻ˺
ʱһŭҲԴڴˡ


201 
ŵڶŵ,Ҳһ˿Ȥ
ʵ˵Ǵӣ飬ҲЩĻӵ뷨
Ҫ˵,ҲЩ˵ȥ
ϾӱĻӼٵʱ򣬴ҲŸո¶һЩҪλͷѡ
ǻʵ,ڼҲ˴Ӳֹһλᡣ
ȻĻ֪ʵ۵˼ڴڼȴûи˿ѡ
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벻׵,ĻӴ˾ٵ⡣
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Ĳ˵ڻλ֮,Ļͬû˿ϣˡ
˼ˣ̲ס̧Ļһۡ
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֮дһ˿
ֱܷĻӵһ˿ԴӣԳ
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ʱĹǱҲ֪Ϊ󣬻ǲԸʵЩľګ
ĻָյѯʣҲûиķӦ
ֻ̧㶵ؿĻһۣû
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ȻҲ֪ͬĻͻȻˮԭ
ܹ¶ĻȻҲܹĻӱЦһеĳ
ԭĸ֪
ĻӴ˿̵ڴ̶̲סüͷֱվ
ĸֲĻ׳棬ô֪浽ʲô
Ҳ֪仰ʲôطĻĵʹ㣬ֻոջƵĻӣһ˲Ť
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ԴĻ֪¿ʼ㲻ͻ
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Դˣ˿οĻӣ˵ĻӹޱͬʱĻӲҪٷѧϰ
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Ļӵȷѧ˳ӹ뷨һһΪְұۡ
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˵ĻӶ˶٣̧ۿվԼǰĴӣ
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ŶУߣѾļΪλᱻ׾ٵƿУ

±˵Ǵˣǹ飬Ҳˣ
Ļӵ˼Щ¶жٲֱʣ
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Ǿ仰ǡ
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202 
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ʲô˼
ȻոջԴ֪޲,޲Ļӣһȴûлشӵ,ֻԴ¶һζЦݡ
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Щɲ˵ǴӴ˴ԵԼ̡
Ƣȷ,Ӳͬ,֪֮ġ
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ӵȻμ⣬Ҳܹõó֡
¾ӹϵ׺¾Լûϣѡȫ֧ӣǵ³Ҳ¾Եǻ϶١

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˵ھеһ֧ôӿʤ㣬Ǿϱƹһ·
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Ҳ˵ӴƹľʼѾһ߳ˣĻָ̳ĻȪ·
ڵó֮¾Ҳͬʮ⡣
Ļھôˣڴ֮ǰȻû˿

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һߣĻӽелһ˵ں󣬱ֱתͷһԵĻʵۣ
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үܸ˵еˡ


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