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ǳȾȶֶĳֲ˵״̬òοᱬ

Ϊ˱סǳǿаｭǳ˸ϽⶾǳǿӦֻһҪһԷȻӦҪû뵽ⶾʱȴԡ

ú󣬽ǳȻְⶾͷۣ

ǳŻҪ۳ƤʬΣ
ȻδñȴڶһİǴﴫġ

ǳ
ۣҪӾ

̣
ɪɪ֨

裺ΪըëȸXĻԱ
ʾcp棬1V1˽賬࣬𿼾ݣƢըëеϲ԰ôô~
İ浵202012
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1.  ֧   ħɳ֮

Ұϼ

ĳߣһֻͨѩ׵ĿȸԡڳԼë

ͻȻԶһ漴Ȼƣһֻڵżб£̤ˮ泯߳˹

ڵڣצںϻ޴ˮ
ۿˮҪȸϣȸȴŵſһȣ̼˵֮⡣

ȸнǳĸ߽״

ǳ֮㻯һ̬һϮ£ڷɢһƯֻ˫ڵһĨԿ̱⣬Ϊƽ˼С

ڵ˽ǳǰһӡ

ԽǳӷڿʱƵʱж˴룬ͰͰξЩ˵ֻݣ˿ȴһֻȸǰ¶ӡ

/żǳڣżζ
һ̧ǳһš

˵Щϲô£ǰȸҲֱ̫Щɣ

㡭ҡĿӽǳ˫۾Ų˽ǳȾ΢΢ıϣһһʱûסͷųЩеѹ

ǳȴ˿ûܵӰ죬ĿЩɨԷ嶼֪⣬㲻ֺŪͽСҰɣ

ɫЩΣеæոȡҹ˻ȥ

ô᣿ڨڨ֪ϲʲô¿ȥѰ

󲿷/żʱϲһЩ֮ϡһĺøУڵҲ⡣ȷ˺ô󹦷Ŵˮ˿ž˵ѵһҹ飬ֽǳĻģȴû뵽ûó֣ͱǳˡ

ϲǳһЦµϴżǵУڵϲˡ

ڵ񣺡
һ˵ϲˡ

˲ϲӢ
ںڵǳ˳ÿĿȸġ

ǰȴȫһȸ˼ˣ
ڵηѣǳġѡǵܾһ/ܻ/ӭġ/Ȥ

ݵĺãô֪ڵ񿪿ڵ
⻰ԵͻǻƤҪˡ

ǳƳ˶ԷһۣڵĿ࣬ĿҲ㲻ˣȴҲΨ̫׳ʵЩϽǳǳϵĻǺɵĿ

/żдҵϲãǳüʵ
⡭ڵ֧֧ΣǱȽϳģһֱȽţõƾԼͿǳѹҪ΢ȥоǳϲá

ĸ˳岻ݵĸ֦أ
㽭ǳǸ߽Ҳı䲻ֻȸʵ

ǡǳ֪˼ҲͬϻȻûɫ˫Ȼչ뿪ߡ

ڵ״æڿգЩԵصס˽ǳȥ·
/żϡ֮⣬һϰߣǾչʾԼ

ڵýǳԼȫΪûмʶԼ
ɺڵ壬ڽǳǰʼԼıݡ

Զһϣ˿ֵ塣
ߴߴŽһϷ

ڵ֮ǰӦȴġ
ͨţɳֶ¶֡
һ˵һڵͦˣǳ̫
Ǹհ𣿵׷ǳܾˣȣڵ

ֻõ岢֪ǳ£ʮֺ档

𶼲ϲΪʲô
ϲҿͦ

ǶƨһֻԴЩͺëС˸󿪿ڵûϵ
Ǹʲôйϵʵ

С˸˦˦򣬹ɨһۣſڵλòԡ
ɶλòԣʵ𣬽ǳ󻤷ѵ췴Լ𣿡

˵ǳڹҲһģɸȻǲ˵㡣

ʲô߰ģλò𣿡˸һڱȻһ£ֶ˶β˸˵ơ״ʱˣؿ˺ߵĽǳ

ȸȻ롭ϣ
ȷʵû뵽ġ

ƺڵҲû뵽
ǳںϵʱˡ

ڵԭǴǿӲֶΣȽȸ˵
ȫ͹˽ǳȸ˳࣬ɽǳǡ

Ǻڵ񲻽ûнǳ͵ʴ˰ס

㡭дڵ񵽵ֻݣˮĦùǺһ뷨ûˣֻ׿ȸëι⣬ν

ȸЦһͷų߽ڵˮ

ۿֵ/żڣǳǲɱһ£֪󻹻жٲûȤǳЩ걻Ƿ͸ˣڵӣҲһݡ

ڵȸǰ㲻ηˮǳˮ֮񶼲ˡ
ƫƫǳΪӣڵˮ˸뱥Ž

Ǻ˸ˮĺڵ񣬾ôˮǳӵ½ϡ
Զֵ״кá

ÿ/żڣͽ׵С嶼ڵŵ/żܷãǷãٶٱȽܵľ档

ۿǳѵǺڵ񣬶پʮֳ졣

ȥ˭ٸӲϹһף´αֱӰͺںԵˮĸоǳӸ¿ŵϵĺڵ

ڵùǺȴ֪ԼǽǳĶֻ֣ʪܵĳǱߡ

մˮ𣬷ʱʮֲȵŵģЩϣǵ忴ЩЦѡ

ˣǹͺëС˸ʮֹȵز䵽ǳߣڵ
ǳûĿڷźڵĵطһӡ

ѽҹ顣ͺëС˸ɹȥצӰһǿӣ۾̲סЩ
ǳ֪ܶϲֶҲû˵ʲôĬԼӡ

ȻǺڵģԷҪȥˡ

ͬʱԶڡ
һλ׺ڽӴԶˡ

ǳ׺׷ֱһ
ͬǻ׺׿ȴǽǳүүüëˡ

׺׽Ӵλ˴˿̻ûΣһϮ£ȴǰǺڵȻͬ

խĺճʵȴͻأǺڵƵÿŹڶʵһǡôӢ֮С

޿ޣһ˫۾ԴЦ⣬˶ʱż׽ȴͻϸȥᷢЦⲢδ۵ףƶʵĹӡ

ۣĸ߽״

嵹ṳ̂ˡ׺ۻ׵ĺ룬۵
۵һЦڵأý󡣡

ذ׺ȻǾ仰Ǹпһ䣬Ҳûʲôϧ֮⡣

ûвޣȴҲûн飬Ϊ棬Ǳ˴ĬϵĹ˭Ҳƽ޹ȥƻ

¼ȨҲ߶š۵
׺׵˵ͷæֻ֪ǺҪ£ڱչأͿɷԴһλ

չأλ¡
С£ŹӦλһͬӴ

һλĿ΢üͷšš
׺ײδæǰ󻤷ǳ

ǳʱЩڡ
ʱŵһֻСչڰ׺׶ߵ˼䡣

׺һȣСٿۣβŻع

ǡ󻤷йڵλ?׺ŵʵ
˴˲ƣ׺ۻ壬ǲסԷˡ

λ뽭ǳйڵ֪ġ
˹ʲô̶Ȳ˵׺ֻǵýǳŹ˵ҪֻԱƤ¸š

ôŴһ١
֮󣬽ǳĳĶԹȴ崫ˡ

ֻû뵽վţ

ǣԽҪ˵飬㲻ͷλˡЦЦûͶӡɲ뿪ʱ򱣲סԼƤ

ǡ׺ͷܲ˼ҺȴýǳԷƤ˰ɣ

۴´ȡһöʯݸ˰׺ס
׺׽ӹʯоͷƺĳ

ħĴң˼ĵؽ綼˲ټ䲻֪⣬ҪıˡۿڵʯӡЩħħԻѣʱֻҪħħ֣ʯ춯

֮⣬ʯ󣬷ֹħ廹֪

ûн飬һУͻԶһ¡
ǧദĬԽٶð׺׾⡣

ʯҲǷûҪĸ߽Ի͡Ͼ뽭ǳĹڣһҲðűƤķˡ

лֻ֪ͣʯλѣ׺׿ʵ
һ˸ʯעЩ

ʯ̼ܵʱ΢⣬ǹⲢۣȴϳйɢڹܿ㽫˼ӷΧ

ͻȻǰʯһͷһɺʼӿ
׺ɫһ䣬ɻؿۣȴšüͷɫʮء

һħѾˡ۵
ôܣ׺׾ȵĽǱ뽭Эһģħֱ֪ܲ

Բδֻšüʯ춯ħ
ڴʱͷͻȻ˰˸Ľл

˲˲ˡͺë˸һͷʮֻš
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˸ŵش˿ſڵҹͻȻðһֻħ̫ˡˮȾ˴롭

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ڵ񣬺ڵ񡭡˸翪ڵ

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ڵں/ż˺˸żæŵصߵʱһҹ飬ҹһըˣըһֻħ

׺һͷˮһ/żһڵһҹ飬ô£
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·/żӣϲһЩ֮Ķֺ/żĶ𣿡ۿڵħǺ˽⣬ԼͻƲ˹Ľ磬صҹ/żе˽

׺ľսʱһ亹
ͺë˸ͷֱ˵̫ˣô¡

ħ𣿡׺׿ڵ
۵˵ͷ˾Ųʮ

ħЩ˵飬廹壬ϲⷽ֡ǺڵҲ֪ǳ˭żħɳ֮




2.  ֧   ˡ

׺׵С˸·żæŵȥ߿
߳ͻȻʲôͶȥһѯʵ

۴ǿͣг˱ʱͽ۴бΪħһ¶ǰѾħԸħ϶о顣

ˣ׺ױۿڡ
۲֪뵽ʲôڱһ⣬һȥ

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ǵ˺ߵʱħѲӰֻ˱ħȾ˴ĺˮ
ǰ峺׵ĺˮ˿̺ƣȥ˾ò

ħ˶ˣĿڵɢļ֧ϣʵ
ǺڵëС˸æħȷʵˡ

ۿ棬ڵù嶼Զ㣬ǲմħ鷳
С˸в֪۵ݣԼܸоƺǿǿʵ鷳

ü˰׺ס
׺ȻҲ֪ħģǰ֡

ڵħԱ/ң廹壬һħȾϣȶ

ȶΣС˸ʵ
ȿȡ׺ЩεɤӵҪ˻/ãҪһգԽȶȶòο壬ò˶þͻᱬ

һڳһ𾪡
С˸磬˺ü죬ȴû˵

ۼ״ʵ˵
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С˸翪ڵǡ

׺ɫ䣬Ŀһ˿Ϊӵ

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ǰҹձ׼ʱ򣬱ͻȻˡ
С˸ŵˤȥԶҲսսһʱҹﱬĺΪ塣

ЩһֱȻȫֻ߽״ԼǹĽš
Ĵ󲿷Сʵǳ΢һĶֻ֣׸

žͺѲʱŵɫ
ȻǸоСǵľ£ž㳯СϮȥ

СǱŵƨѹԦֿ˼ûˣֻըëڵһ㡣ʵҲֲǣй͵ǳģͶ΢СҪҲûз֮

ȿصľףͽ׵СԸ߽״ѹʹħ䲻壬ѹȴȸ߽״ֲ

ۿСǾҪ꣬ǳǰǺԶ

ǺħöԸħթƶˡ׺С˸ת̲סڵ

ǡС˸翪ڵԭռϷģ֪ôľ͵˺С

ħڽǳشֻˣɽǳȴҲȾȶ

еĸ߽״Լӵĵ
ǳ֮

һ¶أͷˮݣЩݶЧ˻ǳһݱɽݵЧָܿ

һΣǳǳˮ֮Уϵȴ˿û
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˿ڱУֻӿһĪ/֮/ںֱײз겻ʶЩˡ

ǳȻǸ߽״ЩһֱޣԼȹ/żڣҲδҵİ¡

ζţδĳЩ顣
ˣһʱû̫ڵζʲô

˭ǳоѯʡ
˸æңðɣ

áǳЩƣֻ̧ƳһͺëС˸磬šü۾
С˸ԴսЩǳûڳе壬ΪĳЩԭһ㱡ۣһſΪȾĳЩƽʱ˼

С˸
а׺һˣħЩ鷳ҿܵæǳ

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һԵһֱšüͷ˵ֻС˸ݽǳǸʱ˸ʵĶ

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ǳȾȶⶾֻһӣ׺ΰ

һͷӣܲȥͽǳ/ðɣ
ǳǸʱ򣬰׺׾͵˻ǳһ

ġ

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ӹǲа׺Ϊѵص

С˸ԿڵҪҪȥ
㣿׺Ƴһۣڵûô򵥣̫ͣܲסġ

Ҫ⿪ȶ׵飬ⶾ֮˳Ҫж֮磽֮⣬ҲᱻħȾǿпɵһˣЪϼ±

΢Сֻò˰ձᱻȶ
԰ｭǳⶾ֮ˣֻڽǳ֮ϣ¡

ȽǳߵıֻзµģҲֻҳ׺һ

׻̫ˣֲУܲܵذɣС˸ʵ
׺̾˿Ҫº󣬵Ȳ˵ġ

ô죿
С˸Լöˡ

ǳճ֣Ϊ˱ЩСи̡
С˸ôһپʮ־ס˼Ͱ׺׻˭¾Ƚǳأ

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űһֱšüͷƺЩ񣬲֪ʲô

ӦòͣС˸簵
ҿǰ۵ľٶƺħҲͦ˽ġ

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׺׼״æֹ򲻿ɣ򲻿ɣ

С˸ʵΪΣ
⡣׺׿ЦҲ˵Ͳ֮ˣ뽭

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׺׾˾ӣѵǵڸµŵĽŵ𣿡

ΪۻûǳƤŵǸˣ׺һС˸㶮ˡ
С˸翴ۣѿڶǡҪƤǸͷ

׺ף
ۣ

С˸֪۵ݣϣʱˡ뽭ǳޣ˵ԸԸˣ֮ΣֺǳѾǴдˡ

ʵһ취׺׿ڵ
ۺС˸Զ

׺׵ȶǿȻǶסģǲأ

ʲô˼С˸ʵ
ѹԸһЩֻΪⶾס˾ͻһ׺׿ڵһЩ𣬵Ϊʱ̣ԲȾ̫Աסһõ磽⣬Ҳñˡ

ۣ
С˸磺

һҪ͹ԸһЩǸһ飿С˸һֵص

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׺Ծҵһõķӣüͷչˡ
šüͷ죬ȴû˵

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׺׽ǳĴ˵һ飬˵Լļƻ

ǳͱȶĥùǺƵļƻ֮󣬶ʱѪӿǺһѪ

𼱰ҪҲûķˡ׺װο
ǳۺŭ⣬ѭѭյģ֪ޣҳÿģ׼Ӧ

ǳ˫Ŀͨ죬ȻѾڵȶĥýʧȥˡ
׺ӣĨᳯ˵һľ

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׺׺޲ýǧҵϵڽǳⶾܲܽˡ

ǳǷȽޣҪҲӡ
ˣ׺˵һҪ󣺡ⶾʱҪϡ

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мڽǳǰӵģ֪ôһᣬԾԾԡ

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ڰ׺׶νǳϡ⣬ϴӦţȴΪȻ

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º󣬸õĽǳ׷ˡ
ǺôȣѵΪµҪǵɣ

Ҫˣʱ׺ҲỤǵġ
ˣԾԾԣһȥ

Ƭ̺ú󣬰׺װź˺ţһһ
ͷһܲס˳ٷһȥ

мǣĪҪǿҪս׺Ķĸɫ///ϵóȾ

һԵۿһĻϿʲô
һ֣ĴָʳָȴһֱĦţ¶Щ

һͷϢţͷĶ

Ƭ̺ڹȻһغС
ô𣿡źŵ׷׾ȵмѾˡ

Ȼǻ䣬һӰڷ˳
ӰĵϣǷŽȥѾͻ˹ȥ

ô͡ⲻסˣ׺ãȻ
ǰԾԾԵɫʼѿ

⡭
˵õش/һأ

ôͽˣ˰

ʲôȥиһԼĳ򣬻߽
Ƭ̺󣬰һУҲ˳

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ǳӳ˰
㿴ҿ㣬ʱȻ

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Ѱˡ
Ͼ˭ҲǽǳĶ֡

⡭ͻȻе㲻
һͻȻڵ

ѽҲ
Ҳǡ

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˵õĲһڵȶȶӰûǣϡʱֻҪҵڸ

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ǰ׻뷨ȽŪΡһڵ
Ƿ׷׸ͣǽǳǱðˡ

׺׼ųη壬Щ˷ΪҹŻȾȾѣ嵱ûһվ𣿡

֧֧ᣬȻΪԥ
ڴʱ׺ͻȻһͳ

ɡ˿ڵ
׺תͷȥ˵ľۡ

׺׾ȣڵͲ뽭
أ㻹бѡ𣿡ۿڵ

׺ת֪УҲһõˡԼΨһָģȻֻʣֻۣ뽭ǳйڣ˷ֻۻ֮Σ

򲻹ҡ۵

׺ף
˼λǴҪΥ潭ǳԸˡ

۴˾ٱ׺ҲԷҪʲôֻֻ̧ûһֻԺ֯ɵߣס۵Ĵ

˷Ϸ򶨻Ϊͱܣý֪֮Ϊ׺׿ڵ
ԵһЦڵҲá

׺ǵǲ㳹׷¡

ڡ

ǳУϰѳ/ð뿪ʣµĲֱˮ͸ñ͸մϷǵ𲻵κڵã˼ֶˡ

֮󣬽ǳֻ̧ɨһرߵӰ
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Ҳ桭ǳȾ˼ɳƣ弸ѾȶˣǹִؼҪ

رߵ˵һЦڵҲǣҴ˷Ϊ˰㣬û
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ͬʱǳֻһȣ˲֪ʱ

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Ȼǳ˼⣬ڵȶԷ̼֮󣬱ȷŸңǳ弸Ʋס

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̲סЦһϢڽǳǵýǳ嶼Щ

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ǳһԷ۵״һ˿Ц⣬ֻԷҪϷ/ŪҧסԼ´Լ̫ѿȻȴδ/Ū°һ󣬲ͷŽǳĿżȶȡ

ҪҪҰ㣿Լ˿ڵ
ǳȻ֪⻰˼ǳ״Ǽϲò

֪ԼټȥֻԼѿ˿̱ѡ
ˣǳڵǺˣһǻɱģ

֪ǳͬˣüһЦȥٴס˽ǳ
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Ϊ˵˿û⣬Щг

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ЩС춼ʲô

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ؽֻ²ĳֻ޵Ƥŵˣ˳˶ԷĽ




3.  ֧   ͬķ

Ͽ..ҹŽƽϢ
յʱ׺˸С磬ǡ

С˸Ű׺ǽҹֱƽϢˣҲûеľ

׻λΣС˸ʵ
׺⼸ձʵö䶼쳤ˣڵȽָˣȥ

ҲСС˸æ˵ͷ
Ǳëӵɱˡ׺ֵ

С˸һӦʲô
˽ᱻë˵鲻ã鲻ÿ϶Ϊ

ѽ
С˸簵ǱǸ˰

ˣľˣˡС˸翪ڵ
׺׶˶׵ĺӣһʱҲ֪˵ʲôֻͷ̾˿

ڣǳſ˯ˡ
Ϯȸûİ±һһԡ

Ա߿˯ĽǳĿڶԷ΢۽ͣƬ̡

ԽǳͦĿ࿴ģֻҹУǳΪȶԵһֱУֻҪԻָЩǣ۸ţҲᳯ۷żݻɱ㣬ƤĽ֮ġ

۴ǰ˵ǳŹЩݻǵһεȻ֪ǳûϳֻǿڲģٻЩϰߡ

æ˵飬۸ŵȴ˵ҪƤĻδЩʱˡ

ģ۱ϰˡ
ǳĳ֡.Ȥ

ǳÿ˵һκݻ۱ὫǳŪ.һΡˣǳѧˣԱҲû˵ֻǿ۵ĿУŲεպޡ

ϧǳ֪ԼΪȶӰ죬ǡݺݡʱĿҲֶǵ.󣬲𲻵κãἤ۵..

۰ǳôһӣһҲֻŻ¶飬ֻϧҲûܼ

ҲϧֻԼܿҲͦá
һ뵽ǻ˼ǳģĿ㲻Ծһ˿ꡣ

Ƭ̺ժϵĺߣ˽ǳߡ
ĿʶڽǳѲһȦջߣ󲽳

׺һֱͷ۳æӭȥ

ԭΪԽǳȶҹ֮۴Ż˵أû뵽һȴɫ糣ʲô

ԼͷգĽ.Ҫֻǽȥ뽭ǳ˸ѡ

Ϳţ׺׹ʵ
޷۰˰֣׺ʱž쵽۵ܴ

Ҳ˵βȷʵ˲ֻεúá
۴˷ǰæֵùǱζǷܴ

װ£ǲ

׺׿˶Է˼в̾һֱ̾ԭ֮ضԼһϯ֮أȻûɵġ

ǰ˵úֻһϾ¡⣬Ǵùġ
۲ƽ뽭ǳľԹԼͷⶾرѵá

ǰЩ⣬֪Ϊǽĺܡ׺Եس۵

۵һЦǸģڵ׻ˡ
׺ЦЦһ͵ؿֻۣԽԽϲ

壬ϸ˵ǰһ/ԽСˮ֮壬Ҳη壬Ҳˡ

Դ˹֮һֱǵС˸ЩСǰҲδͷųκѹС˸۶ûбֳʲô

ϸֻ潭ǳ.ȶʱ򣬲ͷų
׺ԽԽãۼֱǸ޿޵壬Ӣǫѷǿ壬ȱ㶼ûС

ôƫƫͽǳйأ

ˣ׺װ̽ʵôǫѷ֪ͽʲô᣿
ᡣ۲֪뵽ʲô۵ײԾһĨЦ⡣

ΪλĹڣͶȻὭȴû뵽˴Ȼ׺ֵ

һú˿ϲܣҹｭǳⶾĺ޴ֻǿ֧ŲԼʧ̬ƫƫ׺ͷһһûûˣͷۡ

ˣⶼǡۻ˵һͻȻЩͣæϢƬ̣żӦõġ

׺׼״ڵĲ٣ЩʱգԸõͻָ

أҽձߡۿڵ

׺֪ȻǼɵǳǳ˶ӦúܿͻѣʱأǳҪְƤֻδס

ˣ׺ױûֻ֤ͷģⶾ鱾ؿƿй¶ϳͣý֪֮Ϊ

Բÿɷֻ˼䣬ˡ

ȵȡ׺׷һ֧ķۡ
۵ͷһϳ˵ëҪ֮һ

ҴϰɣҪֻҪʾ֮޸Ҳ׺׿ڵ

󣬾׺Ҳֻһ֧ǲ˭ġֻɺ壬ֻ֣֮»鷳

׺϶ǸֵиŷĽȫ˷Ļر
֪أԭҪƴǣ֪뵽ʲô⣬ˡ

뿪֮󲻾ãǳˡ
ʱﶼδɢǳʮְա

Щʱ޿̲ȥҹ﷢ʲô嵨죬ٰͻֶû£඼һֱţ

ΪͿԵ·ˣ

룡

ǳŭ޽ӣȴ֪˿̲׷ʱ
һеףֻħ

ԩͷծ.Ҫ㣬ħҲŹ

С˸类׺֧ʹһǳѾָ˴룬˿ûԷġ

׻Ѱ㡣С˸糯ǳ
ҲҪȥءǳ

ȥ׺ʯ
ʯ΢΢𣬵ǹɺȴû춯˵ħڹ֮С

׳׽ħѾˣ׽ġǳƳһʯֻһ˼µʯôġ

Ե޹岻󣬴˷ʯġ
ħͻȻ֣ƳʯĨǳܿƲʯá

˷Ǻ⣬ֻû뵽
ǳǸ쵰Щŭ⣬ܿס

ʯĶģǳ֪ʡ
ģûԱţߣ֪˭׺׿ڵ

һ仰ǳе׷ʶˣ֮ʣҶ֪б֪

ǳƳһΧСǸӣ֪׺ͷԸˡ
԰׺ⰲŲ⣬ת˻û׷ʡ

˴֮壬Ϊħٹʼʩű󣬽ٲý硣ǳڵ˳ħ

׺æԸͣôȥˡ

ħóȻȻбĿģشһʱָǵóʱҵǳֵ

дżֲεɱ⣬ǵһԵСӡ
׺˵Ҳŵ˵ͷ

ȥ׽ǳֵ
׺һæçײȶս⣬ɡ

׻ǳ׺ף
׺ĪЩ飬ˣҪʼˡ

һϼһҲ泯ֻ֣Ҳǲš˰׺˿˱ǳָʵ׼

û뵽ǳȴ˸񣬿ڵ˷л
׺һʱЩãȻЩӦ

һΪᡭ׺׿ڵ
ԩͷծǳ˵Žһֻ߷ŵ˰׺

׺ߣڨڨһЦЩΡ

ôҲһ׺̽ڵ
ģҶԹԹ¡ǳ

׺һΪǳǴ´£ȴŽǳֵһһỹĶȻְƤĽٽȥι

ǡ׺ʵûлỹĶǲҲԿǶԹ֣
ð죬ץסħԺҲȾһȶͬķҹĶҲǱˡǳЦһ

׺ף


֪㲻˵䣬ģһԼҵǳڵ
׺Ը뿪ȴȴǳ̯Լģֳһ˿ڡ

ǡ׺Ȼ
ҽǸһڡǳڣɴ⣺ֻҪǸǰͷұϳ

׺æɣڣ壬᲻ԼǺοࣿ

޷ֻҪҵԲϧһдۡǳһЦڵΪֵá




4.  ֧   ǳ˼ҹġ

ǳҪȥץħζҪ뿪
ϵȶѾˣħش׺׵ҲΣա

ֻǡ
׺׿һ۽ǳճȭͷ֣ȥħ

ȥ۱

ħթħӳ顣׺׿Ȱ
ǳһ۵ħˣʱѵȥ

˵ܿҪˣ̶ħƣ׺׿ڵ

鲻աǳһǰ뿪֮ǰ׻Эͬټӹһν磬ȷİȫ

׺û뵽ǳôȫȻѾҪ뿪׼
֪ǳִ֣ȰҲͽֻͣôסԷͷ

ֻǰ׺˼ȥܾòף½ǳ˹һ¾ȥ۵鷳±Ͼٳɵģ۵뽭ǳˣ˭ˣԸġ

ֳǾ͸鷳ˡ
˰׺׼ֱõë

һӣС˸硣
С˸ǸСӻ뽭ǳ

Žһȥ׺׳С˸ΣҪ뷨ȷ۲Ҫ棬ˣҲǴ

С˸Ժܵҵͽӽ
ʲôͽ׺æ۵ĶԹϵĺƽȥΪάϵȶǴһ

С˸ɫɶȴɺΪѡ
ֻǳ֪ģԼʱ۴ڻ˵ᱻǳë

ģзӣֻҪ˵ɡ׺׵С˸˵˼ʲôֲ˷ܽãһǧݣɱܷһ

С˸۾һʱйǡ

ǧݿϡܵһ꣬ͿԴӵͽСнζһҪⶾ飬ʸˡ

ǳ뿪գ׺ҽС˸罻
ǳԭܴܿôһ΢С׺Ȼ׼˵ǡ

ħȵҪȡྫ/ҵħȱȻҪȥۼĵط׺Ȱٴ򽻵̫ͨĹأŸҲðǡ

ǳ֪С˸Ȼ΢ȴһʱ䡣
˽壬˵кܶ෱Ƚڣ鷳

ˣǿͬ˰׺׵顣
С˸ԼǧѾһС룬˲ѡ

뿪С˸㻯Ρ
ǰ˸ʱпͺë֮ǸͦСꡣ

˻Լ岻֮شҲǰͷС˸翪ڳǳǵĵط֮󣬾Ҫװͨࡣ

½ǳҲ֪Ѿ˻ʴ˹ʶͨȴ֪ĴڡҲ˵֮Уֻ˻Լְˣ֪Ĵڡ

ȻǳһֱΪҪκεԼϾûûһսʵش干ǱȻƣɱ壬ƻƽ⣬Ҳ⵽ɡ

Ȼ빲棬ôĳԼǶ˫ѡ񡣱ϾĽܷסħȴסͨ壬ֻ˻ʵԷֹ룬徻

ȥδС˸ǳԼʵ
ǰɡǳڵ

С˸Ե˵ͷæǽӢõĵط
ǳƳһۣЩΡ

ѡȥǣΪ֪ġ
ħĴң嶨Ȼ鱨ȻЩ鱨еĵط

ȵǴ̽ħ䣬źýһļƻ
Ȼһ㣬ǳ˵岻Ҳϲھǻȥ˵Ǹ쵰

ˣǳȭķ쵰˿ʹ⣬ǰշ顣

С˸˵õĵطһҲš
һţǷ֮

͸ϵţɿǷһߡ

ŴȣǳС˸ͷԵʮͻأ

϶ëûıһһϮذףһͨڣ·ϼûлʽֻ𵽱á󣬵ΪȻ己ľǣȴԵø롣

ƫƫһÿһðװ׾վڽͷۡ

Ǻιһֱƣǳšüʵ
˸Сǵȥ·ϡ

ǳͷһԼϵ·ҲʶǵŷЩ롣ڳ֮ǰ׺׺ȼ֮ĸǱ峣õĽ·Ҳ¡

壬˶Ҫ˸ذｭǳһڵĻȥ˼һԶｭǳˡ

ǳšüͷ˿ԼһϮۣϹĿ壬ϴ˸ϻֻ˲ͬɫʯĽָС˸ҲòȥһϮӣ仹һ

ǳ
ܾ֡

ҿûôǳܵ
˸Լֻӣϰ԰ɣ

ϰ忪ôþûǮôִŵˣ˵զࡣǸˣ˵ʲôȻʲôæ͵͹˵ǣλĹС治

ǳϰô˵ԽЩ
ֻϵĽָ£ժС˸磬ֽϵĽҲȡ

С˸ϲһһԼϣֱֿ˻
ǰʱĽˣϧûȻǹѣȻ޲ý񫡣

ðͷ֮󣬷֮ǰעĿˡ

ǵİʶ㣬ȴҲͷһˣӵ꣬ӹ˸ϴ˱ʯָȥڷŽεĻܡ

Ǻ굹Щ·ڻЩƯ˿ûӶ˹ʡֻϧϹŵĿ壬ʵԻ

Ͷͷȥ˴¡
µĹԱҲûﻨڵ澰׷׳Χۣ

ǳ˲εЦУʶʲôС˸һۡ
С˸ȴأԲһ⣬дšÿ

һ˾ר
ǳҪħ䣬׼ûġ

λǸӴĹԱĿڰ˸ͽǳͣƬ̣òױסЦ⣬ҪħİӰ

ǳڵץħġ
ԱЦûסһЦ˳

ǳƳһۣû˵ʲô

弸߽״æôãûħǹԱڵλǲС
ΪԼǰʹԴЩԱ岢η壬˵Żô֪ɻ䡣

ǳЦһʵʲ֣
ҡǹԱһ֪Ϊǰûͷȴ˼η壬µص¹ٽ¬塣

ȻűץħôմħܺһΡǳ
¬һͷʱһ亹

ħʳľʳķǱཻ.˵ȷΣ˵ָԶԶԽʵ֮佻.á

ɴ۾ǣһΣǷǷˡ
ǳ⻰Ծв¬֮־ա

Ҫвңǿصġ¬ǿ򶨵ȴżֲ
ЩڴְͲд󲿷ֶ塣

ǵһμ˵֪ǳף֪ΪΣ˿ԽǳȴֻЩڷųԷ̶Էˡ

ǹؿ˵ħΣǳ
㡭¬ͷ亹ԽԽ࣬ʶ˲еô״򽻵

С˸֪ǳ⻰ǹŻԷƲˣڵλүǽЦɱ档ħȵľڣɷǰ

¬ԻعڵûС

ǳɫһ䣬¬״æ͵¹ٲϣħȵһֱڸѱȡˡΪͻȻδüݡ

һֱϲ壬ЩӲ
һֱۼĵطµĹϵҲһЩ

ĸ壬ôҵǳʵ
ƽ27ţԺпŴźԶܿ¬æ

¬ֻſЩǳߣǵԷǳšü˵æߵ鰸ִд˵ַ˫ֵϽǳ

ǳƳһûӣС˸æӹл

ƽĶ˴µ֮󣬽ǳС˸ʵ
߰ؾƽС˸糯ǳסŵĶǴ󸻴˼ңǺ֣ҹֱҹУܶԵġ

С˸һ˵һˮֵԺǿȥ
ǳƳһۿڵԵĶΪ˹һޱ˷㣬Ͷģʲôɳġ

С˸ô˵ûֻҹԼҪȥԸ
뿪ôãǵĳЩΣΨĳʳˡ

ֻ岻ʳΪڹʱǶǼȡˮľȻǳԲĶòһ壬С˸ֻܺúһڸ֮

ʱǱ㵽ƽ

չֽԶԶܿһ˼ԺһŴףڸ߳ݶɣǻ˼¡

ǿ𣿡С˸翪ʵ
ǡǳڵû뵽ĵ̾ôѹǰĵطֲ˼񡣡

ͷŵ䲻̫Ũ弳ȡǿԵġ
ԽǳһͿԶ϶˴סŵܿǳڴ˴ġ

ö˶һֻҪһɼʲô

ҵ˾ڣǲҪȥ׷ħȵ䣿С˸糯ǳʵ
бҵħȣôôãǳڵ֮ǿϴ˴סŵ塣

С˸ʱˣ˿

ǴŰ׺׵ģȻϣǳߵ̫һ۵䣬ǽɾͲճˡ

ǻ˼ſڣС˸̧ţûӦ
ǳ̫˹ģ̲ס̧Լģֱҵ졣

û˿Ҫġһӵ
ͬʱתͷȥԷò֮ɫһ䡣

ǰվŵһϮ£̳ƺһʳУ˿۴ЦضŽǳ

Ǳˣǽǳ˼ҹͷۡ




5.  ֧   и͸ԡ

ǣۣǳɫһ䣬ȴŲε⡣
һԵС˸״ŵɫʶסԵĽǳֹˡ

ֲ֣ܶܶС˸æعأĵط
ǳۣƯüȾŭ⣬δȴżָ߽״ѹ

֮ŽǳĿдһ˿Ц⣬ǾϲǱʲôΨûе⡣ǳĿҲһ£һ˿Ȼɫ

ħڵġС˸һ߱Žǳһ߿ڰ
ǳС˸磬ԭҲû㶯ֻ֣ʱȻۣЩܿưˡ

Ƚȥ˵ɡջߵſڣȻؽʳǳһݣڵæһ£Կס

ǳʶӹһ˲ɫһͣһԵС˸״æֽӹ
Ͼش´﷭Կףҵϵİϴ򿪣ǰէһײԷţС˸ͽǳȴδ⡣

ۿţǳС˸˽ȥ

ﻹΪʲôҪţС˸ʵ
۽ӹʳУʳͬľһԺеʯϣֵʱǽԼ壬ʱԼǸ

ǳЦһ۵һ˿̡
úõҪʲôˣ

кʯǰ£ʯ֮£ӯʱ泩ǳҲܵӰ죬ϵŭ˲١

һܵӰ죬᲻ԾͷЩС˸ʮֽţ۲ͷųǳڵǹӦ

ˣڳʵΪʲôҸоϵأ
ΪйءۿڵĵطͷҲЩϰÿӾ˾ϰˡ

˻һǳ̲סƳһۣȻԸǿס

ħľأǳʵ
ôһ̸£ü˽ǳһۣʳнͷĲȰڳڵͬҿȳԷ˵

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ǳȴʼȻû۵ĺ⡣

֣ѾǸĪӣҪһӳԷǲܵġοЩʳžͷθȫû볢һ

⣬㣬ն졭С˸һſˮһ˫۷ŹصǺö㲻ôԼͬࡣ

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С˸ͽǳڹӴĶкܶƽﶼǲεģ̬С˸Żʶдһʡ

۳һԷֵú
ҺܶԭͻԱԼС࣬ҲʳСͬӡ

⵹ǣС˸˵۾ѾϵĲŲˡ
ȥȡƱʱС˸쵽˽ǳãæСʵ˵Ķ㲻᲻˰ɣ

С˸֪뽭ǳйڣŰ׺׵Ӱ죬ټ֪ǰ飬Զӡ󼫺ã־Ҫ϶ԷץħԾøúͶԷùϵ

ǳȻǲ˵ģǰֵ̫ȣԵԼСֻܵڵڡС˸ŷЩ

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һЦЦﲻ֪ΪΣżݵζ
һӢЦʱ˼ڲסֻһſڽǳȴôô˳ۡ

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޳ָЩ⣬ǳϵƤһ˿޵΢

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ǾƱҲǷҲǣһʱЩΡ

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۶̫֣ʼûж¶˿ĵ롣

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Ȼ쵰װƵᣬҲǲԣ

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ˣǳǿǾƱͷͷľƺˡ

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ڣǺ飬һû顣

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ݵߴ˼ٳԷ֣͵ڳԼʶ塣

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ҲǡС˸ﻹ⣬δص󡣡

ϸôǽС˸ɻͷһμ
ҲѹֽһֱҪƤ




6.  ֧   е㡭˵

ǳǾƾ֮Щ˯
С˸罫˿ͷһʱЩĲ¡

ҽƽǵһƣҲ֪᲻⡣

İɣƾܿͻȥصġߵ齱£ԥһǣǳ뿴һķ

С˸緽ôһѣۼѾԶ϶ǳĿľΪҵɼǳǰⶾǽ⣬ΪҵỨôۡ

۳಻ѹҲǺܵġ
ֻһƤٶĳǳҪҲֻܰһء

ֻʱãҲýǳϳԼ鷳

ʲôС˸һѹ
һŽǳģ˸ȡĶ˼뽫

СС˸æܴġ
۽ߣǳͻʱۿɾزסˡ

ҲɵӣͷԺһ¶ѡ

²߽ܳǳĨΨһѡǾҪڽǳǰʩչԼһ¶ԽǳӶȻᵱˡ

ۿЦһŽǳĿȾһ˿Ρ

ŽǳΣ֪Ϊһֱûз£ĴָʶڽǳĦšƬ̺ԼϽǳģС߶˽ǳڷŵǹ

۵ŽǳϵƤӦǸоʮ
С˸ſһԿţۿƲס潫ˡ

ȻȴɫУûκαĶֻŽǳģһĵϷҲ֪롣

ֱС˸綼÷ˣҲûջ֣˫ֵ˽ǳԱߡ壬ᣬ°ѽǳƵġ

С˸ãȻĵгǸʲô

ֻڽǳߣ岢ûǳϣһǡôľ롣Ǿ벻̫׽ȴҲԲгеľ룬С˸ֻҪǳԷ굽ۻ

С˸绯ڽǳߣĿ⾯ضۡ
е㲻һﵽʲô

Ƭ̺С˽ǳһۣԴǰһ£ƺһ佭ǳ塣Ƕֻеһ룬֪뵽ʲôϢ˻ȥ

С˸ãȻţǲҲȶˣ
ǾƵľƾô

ڸʲôС˸ſͷϿʵ
Ҳڵ˯

ֻһŴ𣿡С˸ʵ
ΪʲôҪҼҽһأ

˿ֻŵץסС˸磬ȻһӣС˸ϡ

С˸磺
в

ǳһһֱ˯ҹ
ڹʱʵҪ˯ʱ

ȻĵطͲϰߣټϺȶ˵ԵʣŽ˯˺üʱ
ѹʱΧһĲǴԺв鿴

Ȼ۾˯Աߡ
ǳššü̧Ž´ߵԺС

ֻԺǿһʯĲʯﴫġ
ϸһʯöƣͷҲӡһƺ

ˣ۴żЦ
ǳһߣȻҲˣ˿ɫ񷽲ű´Ĳ

ǳתͷĿż⣬ʵʯΪʲô͹ǿһģһ

ſϴС˸⻰Щţæۣ˵©졣
ȴװȣʵҲʯⲻĶ𣿡

ǳɫԻȴû𻰡
С˸æԲ嵣屻ħϮſһö

۵徹
ǳɫһ䣬û⣬תʯħ𣿡

æʯӦķΧǣͷħ춯˵ħ˾ǣҿʼ߶ħˡ

ҵ𣿡ǳʵ
ܵܣе֡šü

ǳС˸һ뿴ۡ
ۿڵ֮ǰµľڣħ֮ǰһֱûھǻΪʲôͻȻ˾ǣ

ͬҲͬ
ħҪȡľѡߵ˵õľʡ

Ҫ˵ߵˣȻ󲿷ֶѫ֮Уд󲿷ֶھǡħЩȴһֱھǻֻ򾩳ӣ峣̾ᣬħҪھǻҪپ޴ķա

ǰһֱܽᾡܿǣ˷ȴ

ΪشҪȡ֮˵ľ޲Լġǳڵ
ԭˣ۵˵ͷɻؿǳʵô֪ش

һԵС˸죬æڵΪħǡҽ˵ġ
ǳ֪뵽ʲôС˸磬䳯۵йϵ𣿡

ûСæֻˣϾħͦѲģ׷ôöûܹشҲ֪λ֣ô

С˸ۿ佭ǳɣæȻ
˵ħǶܴ֮ضͷȶԱԻħĴ۱ǻȾȶ۸п

˵⻰ڽǳǰƲԼýǳɵսⶾû뵽ȴ˽ǳ
ûꣿǳ

֪۾Լⶾ֮ˣȶ֮£ɾաֲֵ̫ķӦ³˻ħԼ

Խǳ۵˽⣬쵰һ֪ԼǱָҪοԼЦ

ۼǳЩ죬۵ײȾ˼Ц⣬ֹ̼ס˻ͷ
ۿʯָ̧ҪʯʩչȻʲôǳһһá

ǳšüԼû𣿡
Ǹعص󻹵ĵطأû˹صġ۽͵

ǳֳֻ̧ʯעԼ
ţǰֳ㣬ʯ֮ϾһĻ

ǹĻʯеǹħӦֳܿһ档
ǻʾһξξ毺õӣ.¡

ǳ⻭棬Ȼ˲ǰԼȶʱľɫ˲ˡ

ħΡšüǰĻ棬۵һ˿ڵεǽ¿״Ԫ񼫸ߡ

ǳתͷһۣʵʶ
šӦһɫá

ǳĿתǻֿһۣȻʧˡ
۽ʯһգڵҵȥ

ǳС˸绥࿴һۣĬظ
ͷҹѾˣͷһƬżмԵΧž

ǳѵûˣƺЩţξ״Ԫ˵ЩԨԴ

ͷһ£ȴۿڵ벻״Ԫɾ֮񱣡
˿û˷ŵĵǺͽţԳ˼٬

ǳššüоðˣԼҲֻϲ۵ģϲƵģ˵֮񱡣

֮ʲô𣿡ǳʵ
⵹ûУֻЩ档һصŸˣǳƯǸ£״Ԫô£ء

⻰Ǵǳˡ
һɺԣǳŭ˭˵ƯҪ£

תͷǳ۵ȾżЦ⣬ȴû

һԵС˸̲סҹɫۣ֪ǲΪҹɫпУܾۿԼһ֡

ô˵أгͷеҲ±һƤ־£е㡭˵׽СС˸ִÿؿҽʱ򣬺һ̾ͻȥԷס

ӵֲǴ֮ĵ׽ûʲô߰Ŀǵ뱧һĸоС˸ҡҡԼԴоԼħˣԲĶֱԽԽˣ

С˸粻òﷴԼгд𣬲ҪƤĴ

ܵҽŭ⣬С˸æ潭ųӣԶԶԣ˭˵ƯҪ£ǽƯǴǾϡ

ǳ





7.  ֧   ûһá

̤ɫ״ԪɵסŰֵľ룬״ԪħֻħŲǿңڹࡣ

ħǿңħ˻ûлָǳԦ״Ԫ뵱ħɱξ֮С
ȴһգڵξδɢȥʱȥħ״Ԫɻġ

ǳûкøУȴҲɱ޹֮Կһۣʵô죿
зӣҲС΢ĿⶢŽǳʵ𣿡

ǳҲš
޷ҲΣԲβε⣬Ŀڵ취ȽŪѣһæһħ뿪״Ԫɵξ֮޸״ԪɵԪ²м

ǳššüΪʲôҪȥһ壿
㲻ͦ𣿾ʹ˷ʵϧۿڵ

ǳֻ˵ʮֿЦܾȴᣬתûҹɫС

ιǾħ˭ץǳ۱Ӱ뿪ķʵ
ѲӰȻش

С˸æȻ˵϶зӡ
ҿû˵ǳ

ЩǳڹУҲأ𶼲ǿۼֱ󣬲£ͬš

ô죿С˸ʵ
ǳĿһ˿ŭ⣬ȴò۵ļƻ״Ԫ

ݸħͷŨһЩǳһӽħ㱻ĳβ̫ļ䡣ǿѹķ꣬ǱͷС˸绯ʵʵϡ

ڣһϣΣвʱ߽.Ҳ̫ƽȡ
ŴǳĺԽԽ.,е߽֮Ҳƺڽӽĳ˵״̬

Ȼʱ״ԪͻȻһͭ
ͭһ죬ھ׵ҹ￰ƾ춯أǳһϵС˸Щȥ

걻ͭôһȻˡ
ħȴ룬ǳħǰ֡

״ԪɰС˸ѵ
ǳĿһ˿ԥȻԸʧץסħʱ

Ҳ֪״ԪɱħôһڣԪ޲Ļֻ֮䣬ȥ׷ħ״Ԫɱ㳹׷ˡ

ǳһ໰ջǷ׷ħǽӡ

ͷͭ˷ðζûֵͣİնˡǼз׷ȼ˿˴˿ţŽ֡

ħξҪķΪģ˷Żѡ񼫸ߵΪȡĶֻǰڹشҸΣĵΪȼȡľ࣬ʵǲ㡣

ò׹ξǿжϣлᵹǿξδɢ֮ǰＳȡܺùһ񡣿ͭһ죬ȴһܳ׶ˣΪϵİնˣûпħõξ

ħξ̼֮ɢֻѡֻߡ
һħϼˡ

ڡ

״Ԫϣһſ԰ֽ亹ϴżʧǡ
ǳһȷѾް˿˼

ҹ֮ȥ±˸㷢ʲôǳڵ
״Ԫ̧ͷǳһ˫۾δɵˮ⣬ԵЩ޴롣

ڣǳ𣿡
ǳϲˣ״Ԫ⸱̬̬Ȳɱ֣ڵ壬ɡ

壿״ԪɴǼǳ̬Ȳ񷽲ôӱЩʵΪҪңδŪľʱǳ޲ԪԻָ֪ǰˡŶǾԼ

ǳ⿡״Ԫ˼ϧײǸ֮ˣֻ°ˣ㲻طϡ

ǳϲ򽻵ǳúÿ壬ܷ̬ѾǺܸˣܺͶԷ̸֡ĳ档

תżϵС˸Ҫ뿪״Ԫȴæ齣ΣֽŶЩôһ˱ˤ

ǳššüסüĿȾһ˿ͷɫ
״Ԫɱţ֪뵽ʲôɫһ죬ڵյɶȣնҪд̶Ա֮

״Ԫ֪ȵĹ£ǲôĽɫдҪúÿһ壬

㲻±ǳüʵ
¡״ԪɵС޶ۣȴҲ֪㲩֡ҶÿСо֮СмẦ£

ǳѾС˸ŪͷϻָһϮëû£ڷţһ֧µı֦ӣһۿȥʵ续߳һ㡣

׿˵Լ״ԪҲܶµ˼
ħ֮η壬ҪôΪ׶ҪôΪݿɲǳȴ㲻մ

ǳԭǿȸԶԼòΪأϲ˿Լúãã۵Ծ¶һ˿Ц⡣

۽ŵʱ򣬿ıһĻ
޷΢״Ԫɣ۵״ЦĽţȻ뵽ҹܻСỰĳ档

ۣ

磿״ԪɿЩȣżѯʿǳ
ǳ齱£ڵʲô׵ģɡ

ǳ˵ûٶֱ뿪ӡ
յĹ۴ڳˡ

ħأǳʵ
ˡ۵

ǳһŭ״Ԫɣȴħ
죬ʾȥ˵뿪״Ԫ

Ĵæδ㿴µľڡۿڵӸسʱµľڣԼǰ⵽ħϮһħֹһֻ

ǳһššüͷ

ħһֱ乲мֻħ˭Ҳ޷ȷе֪ʵͳҲǶȷеġ

罭ǳǧΨһһֻ׿ȸ
Ϊûڶֻ˭Ҳûȷϲеڶֻ׿ȸ

ħˡ

һֻѾôѲˣֻǻ˵ãС˸̲סڵ
۳ߵˣǣħһǵξй¶ټ

չ˳ҵϳ˳ҵһֻħ䣿ǳʵ
ֻһ룬ҲֻħʶҲۿڵһֻħ

ǳ԰βȴûΪħˡ
ͬʱҲʶħһ²ô򵥣˵Ҫ֡

ص۵ס֮۱ýǳЪ¡
ǳպķ״Ԫ޸Ԫ˼ȡЩһ

ŵһЩ˲ħΪǳ½𷭿µľڣһ߿һߵħΣӲȡֻȡɷˡ

С˸ſڽǳͷʵһЩʲô
ѪҺʧǱɾˡǳڵ

С˸Բɴ˸¡

۷һҳǳָָһûģ˵ҲΣξħļһģһ

仰˵һַħͬȴҲͨΣҶΡ
ҲۻỳǶͬħԭ֮һֻħǽֵֻΪ鷳

屻Ϯ𣿡ǳʵ
һڵ໥棬ʱ򲻱طֵô

ǾûУǳʵ
۵˵ͷŽǳƺ˵Щʲô

֪ǳ̬ȣģ½ǳ֪Ƕûз֮󣬱ѡԹۡ

ȴŽǳڵû֣Ӧǲң߲ܡ
һĿһ˿㵣ʶԼŴȴ˽ǳ˼

ΪʲôҶ֣ǳ˼Ƭ̣ڵǺ£бļɻ䣿
˳˼·룬ڵҲѪûá

һʱ뽩֣˼ȥûнۡ
ֻҵһֻ֮󣬲ܽ⿪š

Ǳôҵħǳʵ
۽ʯ·ŵ£ͷǰһ㡣

ǱҪЩʱħںϣҵȼհɡ۵
ǳû˵ʲôˣֻ۵ļƻˡ

ҹǳ׿ȸС˸ЪԺеϡ
棬ĵ̣ȴû̫ĲӦ

µӣܲһֱסﰡС˸翪ʵ
ǰĽǳϳۣȴԼȫصģܴܻԼС˸³ϦദǳһʱҲϲԷ

ǳĬΣ˵ɡ

⼸ҪǱħںϣǳҲûš
̽һټ˵ҵǸ쵰

ǱħӰˣ˯֮ǰ뵽Ǹ쵰壬ǳϢʱ򣬲֪˯ˣεǸⶾĻ쵰塣

ξУǳϻȾȶǻ쵰ⶾ
ǳк뿴ǻ쵰ĳ࣬ת

Էܵǳʵ뿴ң
ǳգȴպš

ԷЦһ˽ǳԸǳһڿ˶ԷԷϴźߣ峤ࡣ

ǳǴߵ˰ΣֻԷԼĿЩϤȴһʱ벻ļ

ԥһ˲ֱ̧ȥժԷߡ
ȻָߵɲǣһƳϣǳۣ˹

ʲôΣһ
ǳͷڳīӢ䲻ǵһ˿覴

ϧˣǸ塣

ǳûһö
ۣǸ쵰




8.  ֧   Է𡭡

ǳԾ£׵˫ȶΧ΢΢Щ
غδΣ԰׿ȸ̬Ĵһۡ

ǳƽʱ͸Уһȸ̬ʱԵԽ͸һɸ߽еĸ߰˼֮᲻ɽĿƵϣȴֲóȻš

ϲˮȸ࣬ϲϪҲ⡣ǳǰϲ峿ʱ򵽺߽ųëȻëһֱܾ¹࣬ûзϰߡ

ϧԺضûУֻһˮףͷװ˴ˮ

ǳ԰׿ȸ̬Ųߵˮױߣսˮţƺ⣬ֻ˼ëЩ

վڲԶһĻ˼ͻȻЩƮ¡

ʱĽǳÿճҲȥë

ǸʱϲŪǳÿμ׿ȸϵëĹ⻬ƽʱʹƵȥȻ׿ȸںߣѶԷϹë.ʪ

ԭһֻԱͨڣëɫ⻬Ưûһ˿ë
ܶʱᱻġԡ.۶ŪǳЩܵܵʹӲڽǳǰͷųѹýǳܵκв

Աƺҵ˱Ȥǲ䷳ضŪǳ

ǸʱǳƢôŪëҲᷢŭֻںŴһʵ֮󣬲Ż᲻鷳ٽëá

ʱǳѪὫӵԱҲգմһˮֻ̲סȥ˽ǳһǱճ

ڡۿЦһĿһ˿į

ҪȥһˡǳΣߵһ֦ͷ
۴Ӽջ˼ʵȥĶ

ЩҪȥ졣ǳкС˸С˸統ػ̬
ǳţȴС˸һ̽ݣֻڵͷ

㲻ϤҪҪҡۿڡ
ǳȴأǷ㣬ɷ߱ƽﶼںδ

룬ڵҪȥһˣǹȥɡ
ǳԿΣƺţϾǴȥǸ쵰䣬ϣ֪£ϣ֪ԼȾȶһ¡

ƺΪ˴ĹǣڵϲһֻħֻħʶôֻħˡΪֻħϼˣʱ֮ѾûԼˡ

ҪǱκˣǲֻԶԸС˸ʵ
۵㱻κˣҲôָһֻ˵ħܵˡôһֻҪҵʵʱԽֻħһ򾡡

ǳԿۣȻΪʲô˵ٵȵȥ׷ħ䣬ڵǱħںϣڵһֻħϹ

ֶΣ湻ڵġ

º͵࣬մȾ顣ΨһսݣӲһԽǳһֱûݵɹԼ

ڽǳ
һ˼ơ

ˣǳɶ࿴ۣĿЩӡ

һھĴõĻ˵ǰħĲ֮ǰ׼ֵ֮ǳ·ֻ˳㡣

ǳûټ֣Ĭ۵İš

۴ŽǳС˸ȥһǳԶԶ㿴ǾҲһ䲻ۼǿŴ󣬵ɴԶ

һҷݣ۴ǴӷݺžݵĻںͷ֧˸壬׼ӡ

ǳĿֻϣӺ۾Ͱͽš
۾쵽ߣڵһһֻǡ

ǳ
ôһѣģģ֮ĳμ䣬ʱĳ֪Ļ쵰⣡

ǳššüȳ׷Ӧ۱ת첽ӣûӰ

ǽȥ𣿡С˸ָָǷݵĺš
ǳջߣС˸˸ڵľ

С˸ٽ֮ǰݵĻһӣָָֻӡƽӹһЦ⣬С˸˸ƣ˼С˸˼

˾˲˺ü

Ź岻ǰͷȻû壬Щ㲻Ҫˡ˾֮󱾾ͽΪɣӲ˼ôʲӹء

ôһȣ۷Ƚعصˡ
ǳǵã۵ڣԷǰ˿δͷŹ

λĻֻ¹չҪкǳǳֻһ£ڵ͹ҪҪȾƣ

ǳĿĴѲĴ߶ǹԻ쵰
һԵС˸翪ڵ̳þƣٸ¾Ʋˡ

ϡæסȻԺеĳСǰ¡
嶼˽ǳС˸ĵ׷׳ǿĿż̽ǽǳǸ߽ѹ̫ԣѾǰˡ

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С˸Ȳӣʲôַ¿Ӹǳһơ

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ǳüϲĵط

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ǳһھƣ֪뵽ʲôĿһ˿
ڵųթ塭㲻˽ǡ

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ǳδֻ鼫ӣͷȹ˱ľơ

ʵǸС˸Ŵǣǡ쵰˵仰
ǳȴȻûȥˣ߰ɡ

С˸Ŀڽǳϣ̾˿һӷϣץϵһֻѼȣŸŽǳ뿪

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С˸Ե˵ͷҪҵǸ壬δھǰ

ǳһۣڵڹɣ
ûûСС˸æƲ

ǳԲÿɷֻܿԦͼҵĵط
С˸ЩţھʩչһǳӦǾ鷳ˡ

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ѽС˸簵ãʱý
ǳ˲ԦһķѰȥ

ĲԽԽңƺǴǰͷĳﴫġ
ǳĴˣԻ׿ȸȥ

Ȼǳһͳһ˱쵽ˣȻ
ͬʱڽǳ֮ʱͻȻɳһˣֱֱ˽ǳ

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۱ǳסǺһѪӿȥش
ǳšüֻɫ԰ףմѪǳĿдżãȻ

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ǳ̧ͷһβķȥӦǹʱȴǹѾʧˡ

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Ŀ΢ڵ

ǳĿһݣֻ΢΢սȥ׷
ȴǺһѪͬʱһסǳ󣬿ڵ׷ˣǿҲΪա

ǳšüĵ˭ҪΪգ
Ҫȥץ쵰ðɣ

潭ǳȴû۽ͣһ׷Լ쵰ʲôڣ˽ǳֻܱտڲԡ

ۼȥ׷Ĵ㣬˿Դһ赹ڽǳ
ǳ۶ЩӲһС˸ӸС˸磬ȴС˸һֻѼ޹

ǳΣֻܲ鲻ԸؽԵ۱ƽ۵סȥ
С˸ҧһѼȣæƨƨߵظ

ıӰС˸ипǧ

Դ˾֮С˸ҽ˼Խ͸ˡԭΪ͸ۣ˵ʲôҲҪһܣӼ浽ڣû֡

ľҽ۵̬ȣһֱ˵ҪƤȴܳʵ˵һ£ǽֽţӦˤúܾʡ

ҽأ侮ʯ񾹻Խȥ
ѵɫãٶְƤ

ϾˣƤëܸ





9.  ֧   ˫һ㡭


ǳ۴ȥ֮󣬷ŵԱߡ
ԵۼʧȥʶҲɿ˿ûĲ

ǳԥƬ̣ס۵ƣڣͼԷˡƬ̺ɫԺÿЩ۾

һΪͷءЦ
ǳջ֣ۣʵΪʲô

Ŀ΢ûش⡣
ǳȴһֱĻش

ۼ㲻ģɵصöôгżදǳе顣

ж֣ǳüʵ
ûͷǳж˵òᡣ

ۺͬ壬ûޣбҪֶ

عأûжԲˡ۵
ǳšü˰Σڵǲǳ⣿

۱ôһʣһ˿Ȼɫϴڹ۰ｭǳҹĶͦصġ

ǲ⣬£ԻָĲࡣ
ħһֱСϣ۸в¡

ټϽǳͻȻˣ۴˸ֲ

㡭̧ۿǳĿнȾһĨЦ⣬Ұ

ǳ
Ͼ

İɣѾ뿪ˣʱ鷳οص
ǳĪͱһۡĴñӣһʱͶý͡

Ͼֲۣܽ쵰ǿڷϣõɣ췴Ψһѡ

ôһ죬ǳˡ
ǳԽԽƣԽ²Լݡ

С˸״ƨƨ߸ڽǳͷݣǰı˸ơ

ǳܲ˳òҵǻ쵰䣬ȴΪ۶˶Էֱռ˱ˣԽԽơ

̧ۿûڵС˸磬ûصվӵʱ򲻾Լ𣿡
ҲôãС˸֪ܳⱲĽľģζϣԼӵë

ƫƫǸ˸磬ںҲˣԴͺһë
ҲʵֵԸŻôϲڵͷ

ǳššüޱȺԼһ
ֻЩ㶨ħˣջع

ط̶

С˸յǰѹʵǲǻǸ
⻹û𣿡ǳҽѾӦˡ

С˸˿ûл۵˼˿ȴҲұֵ̫ǽǳɡֻ֪վס̫ãʱҪǳֻҪԼȷϱ֪ԼҴˡ

Ǹʱֻ¾סˡ

С˸۷ʱͷԺͻȻˡ
룬æһСȥţȴſվһƴˡ

С˸һ䣬ϳ˶ԷǾǸݵĻơ

͹٣ӡƽһŲӵݸС˸硣
С˸ԼڷݺŸǻһӣԤһֻӡ

ͽǳߵüˣû뵽Էš

С˸̿ˮ˵سƵлӽԺӡǰǳԴʯѾ޺ˡ

С˸ߵʯǰӷŵʯϣȲƿǲסˡ
ֻװȷʵӣǿӣǻӡ

С˸磺
ʲô

ԿһĻ̲סЦ
С˸罫Ŀˮ˻ȥֻһԹ

ǻƾ˼ΪԽӸ˹

ҪǿӰ

ëףͺܺۿڵ
ڣëͬǰɫĽǳĪֱð˵ĸоԦš顱һˡ

ӼȻѾС˸Ҳ̽ӳȥ۵ԺӵҲԣΧһֱתƣ˾ͼϵҶӳ伢Ҳڡ

һգħǱһֱûж

һ磬ǳˮëʱԺֱˡ
ջڰ׿ȸϵĿ⣬߹ȥţǳ˳ƻΡ

ǴµĹԱбǰǳѵǸ¬ġ
ϻڴ£佭ǳǳŵûɢ

ֱգ¬ǳ֮ɫЩѿҲֻ֨ʵʵžڸԼͬ

ʹˡһκ͢ٵĹԱ˸¹ٱóȻ߶ţվܱų˼ŶħΪҵʵ޲ߣŶʹˡ

˵ճ¬ʾ⣬¬æľڵݸۡ

طϵİ⣬ͨǲҪ¸ģ漰ħİ⡣˻ǰһὫسֵĺħйصİӣӼ͵£ɴרź彻ĲԽӡ

кʹ½ӵ˻ʷΪʹ
ʹһְ忴ǸСĹ٣ʱ塣

۽ӹǾڷ˷üͷš
̧ͷǳǳᣬ㳯˹

һֻħ۳ǳ⼸ھͷգ˺ü塣

ǳƳǾڣˡѪ͡.ɡ֪Ƕ֮ǰϳֹһֻħȷе˵Ҳֻǲ²ԷħΪǶҲͨξˡ

ʯеħ˿û춯˵ֻħûеõΡֿһ۾ڣڵѵҲ´ˣⶫʶ˵ֻħ

ǳҲЩò׼ֻѪ˭Ҳûеж϶ǻ۵Ʋ⡣

ʬأʵ
ڳׯκ͢ٵ

ǳڵȥһ۰ɡ
һЩȽǳ

ᣬֻ÷ˣϽ˽˴»ع󡣡ǳ
۵Ⱦһ˿Ц⣬ڵһȥɡ

ǳԼȥֻǾδЩ׸һ˵ҪͬȥԱ˿Ȼǲ뵥ͽǳȥ

ǳ״ûټ֡

մµ˱㰲źǳ۴С˸һȥ˳⣬µҲһͬȥˣ⻹һСӹٱ

ü򵥵飬úܸӡǳһͷڵ
ԭס̼ܵľ룬ΪҪͬУСգǳЩ

۳ЦЦڵĺȡ
ǳƳһۣɫɲÿҲͬƽϡ

ǹʹˡС˸泯۵ûٰ°ɣ
룬ҲΪ£εħŵĲֹ壬塣

ǳ嶼Ϊ˳˹ֳ켣֡

ǳ⻰ȴΪȻԴصʹ׺񣬰޿ɺǣҲӡ

С˸Ժؿۣššüȴû͡
ֿǳǳĿż⣬Ȼʲô˵顣

С˸縣飬λǰĹڣǺйϵɣ
ͷһδϸĦͣˡ

ʹˣˣǵˡ⴫κ͢ٵ
ǳĴһۣͣĵطׯſڡ

磡ׯ߳һ꣬ڱǳ֮æ˸񣬾ҹǳ˵״Ԫɡ

һգ״ԪѾָ緢ģ˿ǱټǸƢԣ˽ǳ۱Ǽ˽Ĺһ㣬̬Ⱥ׽

ǳ飬̫䵭ѿô
Ժ壬˵ڲӣԸܲܰʲôæ״ԪæѾ˵˵ǼǣҲһһѯʹǵļˣʲô֪ľұǡ

״ԪɵȴŴи˽ᡣ
Ǹȴ˿ûмɻųԺµʡ˲ٹ

ǳ״ԪɽһϢûҵ̫
ֻ֪⼸֮䣬ÿһʬʱѱѪ

˿оħǳššüͷֱׯ
ׯڣʬϸ˰ײͣʬİϣǳʩͼʬҵЩħµټû뵽ȴһ

ΪʲôûħأǳаƵģֱӸŰײʬϣҲκħĺۼڵ״ԪϵħʱôöδɢЩе˻ʱȴûħ֡

С˸粻Ϊʲô
ǳ룬ڵǶħ

ħΪʲôҲҪķӺأС˸粻û˵ħ֮⣬ԵħҪķ

ǳһֻۣһۣ·Ѳµ˶Է˼

ǰƾǶ˵ķƲԷݣΪħһʼ˷

벻ɵʱ򣬶ǲҪɡ۵ֻϲѡ

⻰һڳ˶ʱò
ħǷȻ̣ɺôиͷΪԼΪ

ϲھֵһֻȴֻģħɱȡ֣ⶫַħΪ̣ΪҲħ޼ɵ

ֵǣۺͽǳⶫʲô֪

궼ҵˣ˵Ҫ۵һҹ״Ԫɳǳ۵λµĴҲò⣬֪᲻µ鷳

˼Ƭ̣˽ǳ
ǳ⣬ЩԸؿڳ״ԪɵǴɣҹͷһ磬ܲܵסǶͲ˵ˡ

״Ԫɵ˿æȥ

⼸մ˶ֲ̿δ꣬ľսΨԼһġ˴µˣ䲻֪飬ȴҲ̤ʵЩ

״Ԫɲδǽ飬ֻ˵ĹٱͷǷ׷׻ȥ֪ͨˣ޲ôһССòźá

ǳͷ˽磬ʱ״Ԫ˰Ѳ֪ĳͼٱһſڡ

Ҳȥɡǳ״Ԫɵ
״ԪɳһЦϴżֺ⣬ҹ

״ԪѾ֪ԼվʲôټǳʱЩ˼ŤֻڵԽǳʱԻЩ죬̬ȴ󷽡

µ˵󲿷嶼飬û뵽ʹ˶ôġ״Ԫɳǳ

ǳ֪ԼΪ壬̰飬ڵְֻˡ
ֲֵģ˵Ǵ״Ԫɵʹ˵ûϲãƣջ˾ǣҶѰ̳þƵŰл

ǳӲһһţһſ䲻ˡ
״Ԫһۣڵʹµ죬ǿ԰ﱾһæ

˵״Ԫæ
ǳһԥڵǷ㣬İﱾһ£ǵпһƽﶼںδţ

״Ԫæ˵ͷǳģϡ
ǳԵһЦһη嵹Ҳôᡣ

תһ룬״ԪɿһˣѰ岻ͬҲ⡣
ڴ󲿷壬֪ǰ㡭

ҹ˽ǳĽ磬˾ĹٱͷǶĲ١
ǳͷתһȦδ˴Ϊŵס

С˸һֱڴ̨ϵأų˽ǳϡ
ǳһۣʵأ

ʹ˴ûõԵʣЩЪˡС˸
ǳԡʹƺƺǲϲ΢΢ššüɫá

Ҳ˰ɣҪҪȥЪЪС˸ʵ
ǳԴ֮޷ǰڹʱһռȡˮľҹҲѧϰ˯һ

ǳԿһڵķûнȥԾԺеһϡ

ûʲôǳЪͷ
ֲԸݺһס

ЩҲǵģ̫ܵˡС˸籧ԹΪǰ£Ӷ֪లһ䡣

ʵҲֲôʵ⼸մ̫ˣЩ˲ϡ
Ҹǰŵסֻһ䣬ͷȴẠ̊́ܿͨȫ˯ÿ

˵𣿡ǳڵ
ӦòɡС˸ǲɵ֪ǽ˲𣿡

ǳϣڵҹššüڵǸҲΣգôĿŵѵͲǻ

ҲǡС˸ǾӴ󣬻ǣ
ǳƯ˫Ŀ΢΢뵽۴ǰ˵Ƿ

һħЩܾܿͲΪΪԼϲ
仰˵˵ξ˻.ãٽ˵Ѫɣȡ֡

ĶẦ
ǲẦ£˵ǰףǶгɾ͸С

ԡ


ˣǳ˫ĿһݣȻԾ
Ҵȥãͷ˽֮ЩģԽȥһۡ

ڵ˴󲿷ֶû˯һȥû˿

˵ˡС˸

ǳӦһ״Ԫɺʹµ˴һ˵ûȥ˯

ˣԷû취ֵģΪܶţ̫ࡣ
µҲǰȫģΪǲ˯Ҵһ𡭡

˽ǳһɫȻˡ
ǶϲҴ̼õѡǴҲǴµˣǡ

ۣ





10.  ֧   Ҳġ

ۣԼ˹
ȷе˵վڽǳС

ǳԺеһأ۵ļ֮⣬ǳ򱳶ڳУɫëûıӵ˳رߡ

ˡǳڣǰǰֻβһ۴ûᡣİüĿ伸ɼһ˿

ûӦߵرߣӸ¿ų˵ıӰ
еĽǳЦһתۡ

ǳԼֵݸۣ޳ָմˮ飬ˮһһδָ£᲻صУ

ֻ۾Ŀ˿ûڽǳͣƺƳһ۶Ը
ǳһμɼĴܣϸ΢黹Ǳ۲׽ˡ

Σ㲻ϲ𣿡ǳڳʵ
۶Ŀżζֻɲ

ǳ״أվǰ
Ŀӽǳ˫һ·£˽ǳ˫΢΢źıϡ

ǳƽһ䣬ٴЦԵ̱˿Ĵȴ΢΢̣һĨԴ/Ļȣ˼˱̲ס볢һĳ嶯

ϧ治ɫûг˿ı仯

ϲģԲԣǳ˵Ŵս̧ۣ°ʹյ۴ȥ˫ɲǣȻ̧֣˽ǳϡ

ǳĿгһ˿㵣Щŵؿۡ
۵һ˿ϧôƯһ

ǳĿһۣͣȻûԤϵΪλ⸱̬ȡ
ҵġ䵭ص϶ûѧʧ

ǳɫױˣŭĿʵΪʲô᲻Ӱ죿
ǸѵĸմȾȶЩСûáȻҪǡ

üڿѧղģµ̫׾ӡǽ⸱.̬ѧȻҪ

ǳֽڼߣȴӲԸ˭ʾãҲŻô궼ûҵ¡ɷǳ.̬ҲͰˣ¶Ậ.Ц⣬ֱס

ĻۻҪѧơ
ƫƫɣ۵࿴һ۶ܡ

ۻ䣬ɫȻһݣ̧ڽǳ˵ǰⶫһץԷŽǳʱʧȡ֮һס

ͬ˵Ҳ䣿
Է״ΣֳĿһֻѪ

ѪХһȻɫѪѪԽԽŨ۰С
ЦһڵҪһɲףȻô⣡

˵űҪԦֵԷȻʱȴ쵽˽ǳĿ
ʯ֮䣬һԥͷ

ѪûצһצץĿڣֱӴţסֻ࣬Ҫһǿᱻ顣

˵ſ౻٣κһֻ˵ش
Ȼһ˲վǷԦֿ

ֻѪδֱ۵࣬͸ֻѪ֣ϼȡ۵Ѫ۵Ѫ͸ѪֲѪһѸٱò԰ޱȡ

Ȼڴ˿̣ͻȻһ׹Ϯɫȸû৵£ֱӽѪֻСնѪֱ۱նϣѪһأΧʱѪ

Ѫܴս̶ֻߡ
ǳȥ׷ȴƳһϢۣŲɶסˡ

ۻվرϣֻѪ֣һ׵ýûѪɫҡҡ׹

ȥһɲǣǳȻû˫ٷɵ߽סˡ

ǳ۹ڵأһְļһסֻ˵Ѫ֣ȴԥûнѪֳ.۵Ƽء

ǿʹ⣬Դ˽ǳϡ
ǳûƿֻϥǰüͷšš

ֵȥ׷ЦţȴСʱ˵ȣɲǿЦá˰ɣһ˽ǳȥ׷һ˽ǳȥ׷Ѫ

ʵÿһΣ۶ûаýǳΪԼ
֪ǳ޲ýƤڽǳǰǳӦúܸ˲Ŷԡ

ɲ֪Ϊʲôǳȴһһѡ¡
۲֪ǳôģֻǾЩܡֲоΪǳΪ౻Ѫ˵̫ˣ۵Щѡ

ǳʶЩɢֻڽǳϣŽǳС߽һ㡣

ǳƺۿݵغһ˲ְ̧ؿڣҪˡȻһ̣ԭʶѾЩɢۣȴ̧һס˽ǳ֡

üû¶ȣŽǳȴС
˷˵̫ˡ

ǳһ.Լ֣ˡ
ֻץסΪû׽βǿסǳ£ˡЪˡ

˵Ҳû֧ţһᣬԱߵȥ
ǳһѽڻĿдһ˿꣬˰βԻָƽ

ɱۣ۲ú
ڱ

쵰ҲԶ֣
ǳͷ˵Լ·ֻܽΪҪ۵

ΧĻþɢˣԳӱģ
ǳŷǽĲξһĻþ

Ѫ𣿡С˸ųһԵϣδصҲ̫аˣֻ˵ǵһμѪΪʲôᶮ֮

ǳԵ۷ŵϣڵξ
þԣǻþС˸˵ڳϣԴۿһۣʹҪˣѪѪˡ

ǳüͷšţ̧ۿС˸һ˲ܲܰһ㣿
С˸æ죬˼ֻŽǳ

֪ΪʲôܾÿʹˣҽƢͻøⷳꡣ
һʱǳƢͺܴһһοǣ

ǳСؿڵ·˺ĿڵλֻѪ֣˿ΧѾ۵ѪʪˣʮִĿ

ӵûͷκǴ˿һֱûϡҲҿѪδĿȡϵ˿˵ὫѪֱӸ

ʹ/ĵǲС˸̲סڣ뻺һա
ǳ̧Ƴһ˲Ŀдż⣬С˸æֱ졣

۵ȷʵƯԭԱбμÿ֮࣬͹ϵŵ㣬ϸȳһ˿ⶼûУĶŶ˳ۡ

ݵȣα͸ӢһЩ
ֲôţǡôľݣźۡ

ϧǳû˼о۵Ρ
ĿĿڵѪϣԵЩꡣ

ΪʲôϵôɾǳָϴţܲκĲ̫ˣǳܾﲻԡ

С˸ȴ֪Եɵģ״½ǳˣæˣ϶ǹǲˣʲô֮ģ

ǳԳĬƬ̣ȻҲûͷڻþصʱ۶ûͷֿǼƾûһ㡣

ŷΣ۶϶˽ǳǧһ֮ʳ־򲻿˿ĵֿѪֲױۺͽǳͣҪѪ϶ֲô

ûеֻֿԭ
Ҫô׼˽ǳ֣Ҫô׼Ҫô⡣

ǳ۰Σ˼һֿܣһʱ֮侹ͷһֱ˽ۣ֮ǰʱ򣬽ǳҲ͸۵˼

һֱۺܴ˼ʶҪǸʱ򼴱²͸۵˼Ҳܣֻ֪ԶԼ

ǡ
ǳ֪뵽ʲôĿһݣһ˿

һŪ۵˼ˡ
ǳһ߾ƣȴ˼Ȼ

⻹ܾѪˡС˸翪ڵ
ǳ˿һͷɫ

ܾȵȻܾȵģֻҪѪȡֹѪɡ
ûûԼָ˿ڣôȥҲܼ֡

ˣǳڵƽ
С˸ԵӦ˹ƽ԰ۻָ

ǳ˾ۣû׵˫
С˸ųٶȴԶԶϽǳ̲ס

ǳٶȣС˸æڳȥ˽ǳϡ

ͷ״Ԫµ죬żȻ̧ͷƳһĨӰǰӰƺŸӰٶ̫죬̫塣

״Ԫͷ죬૵
ʲôµ˿ʵ

״ԪջߣЦûʲô
̲ס̧ͷһۣӰûټֻʣһƬҹա

ƽ۵ס
ǳ£Ե۷֮¡

СúΧ۸תƣС˸Сð˽ǳʹ죬㻯νСñڻһʵʵ

ǳ߶Ӱ죬Ȼ˲
ֻ۳һƣڽǳĴ߶£۵塣

ǳһְ۵ؿڣһסĿŵֻѪ֣ͷѪִĿڳ.˳

Ѫֱ.˲䣬۵Ȼתѣ̲סƺһ
ǳһְĿϣ߶Լ۵һ𣬻ע۵˿С

۾ŽǳǳɴŹе룬·Լ鲢Ǿڽʳһ㡣

ǳ૿ڣ߽
ǳ΢ͷۣûиκλӦĿڵ֣ԴԴϳ

ۼѵ̧֣ŵ˽ǳһֻմѪϡ
ǳһʶſƣһ

һöʯ

ҰѪˡۿڵ϶û뵽ԼҲ˱ǡ
ǳһöʯʯͷһѪɫ궯

۾ͬķֱѪ䡣

㡭ǳ̧ۿʵ֪ѪҪ㶯֣
۵һЦѿڵǲǺܴ

ԭЦһЦһЦ㳶˿ڣ۵ȥ
ǳȻһգŭ֪ѪϮ㣬ȴ֪ңҵɵ𣿡˿Ѿָ˴룬ǳҲΣա

ǳۣͻȻ뵽ԼǰǷƶϡ
֪ѪϮȴѡա

ǳûмʱϵش壬ܶѪ

㲻ˣǳʵ
ۿŽǳĿдһ˿įڵⲻһֱҪ𣿡

ǳһۿʱЩ졣
ۿڵҲѹ




11.  ֧   ˫һǡ

ǳһֱɱۡ
ɱ˶Էһ£ԷԼһˡ

ȻʶԻٵɣǳʮַҡ
ɱ˲ôɱԷٶԵЩЦ

Цǣ۾ԼΪѹ
ǳЦֻʱ꣬쵰ƤԽԽˡ

ƫƫ⻰ҲûȻһȥԵúܽ顣
ˣǳֻۿ˰Σתؿͷ۲Ϊ

ǳ֮߳Ųһ٣öʯӸۡ

ۿŽǳıӰȴû˵ʲô
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С˸Ȼʶһ⣬ʹݣܿҪزס??




12.  ֧   Ҳ̫ˣ

ǰһ̣ҹɢ
ǳվ￴ԶƬ̣׿ȸһɣųȥ

С˸һæϡ

ͬʱȻڵƽϼ峿Ĵء
׿ȸӹϿգӭų˳ĳϡ

С˸׿ȸںߣԼëС˸ͣԱߵԶԶţûǰš

С˸ڹʱⳡǱ⻭澪޵ˡ
˿̣ȸë϶һ㳯ϼεӰںˮУƯ

еˣС˸簵
֪ΪʲôԴӳ˹֮С˸;ýܲ

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Ϊʹ

ǳëⲽ£һƬɾĲݵ¡

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ǳһۣһ˿ƣûлش

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С˸˵ںܶǰͽûе󶨾ӵʱòЩȽ˳壬ôͣҪѹ

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ε飬ǽǳ̫嶯ɱֻۣ½ǳҲ鷳

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С˸Ҳټˡ

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С˸翴һĻЩŵιȥҪ

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ɫԱӸµؿŰ׿ȸսͷڿȸëһ¡

С˸磺
⡭ܿĻ

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ֻɫ԰ףȥ

ʹˣҲ̫ˣС˸·ôҼҽⶾ




13.  ֧   ˫һ㡭

ǳ糿Ǳͷѵġ
ʱ򣬷Ѿˡ

Ժ»ûѣС˸Ա˯˲棬СһԱҶӿСǳ˿ֻ˼һƬңȫǵôôġ

ǳ߹ȥţ״Ԫſڣһ̳ƣһֻŸʳС

㡭ǳһʱЩ֪ηӦ
û˵ľ棬۵ļҡ

ȥƵʱû֣һȥ˶Ӳ򵽡״ԪɽƵݸǳƱǾСЩҲ֪ĿζŸһЩöϲ־ܸңҳ˸

ǳϰ߽˺⣬״Ԫɵ龹ԳЩִ
֪ϲʲôֻӸ¾ơ״Ԫֿһʳе

ԺеС˸һӣʱ˹һܹӹ״ԪľƺʳУ˳л潭ǳΧ

ҾͲˣ˵껰ǡ״ԪɼǳûԼţſڵҴ飬Ҵˡ

ǳʶͷһµۣʾ״Ԫɳȥ˵ھһ״Ԫɰ䣬û뵽ôüĿǳϣ֪飬ʾԶЩ

˳ƽ߳Զȷ۲ǳŵ˵ɡ

ȷʵֻƺʹ˻ߵĽ״ԪɵƽסڳӣȽϻƧס˲࣬嶼סǴ

ǳ˼ص˵ͷ״Ԫɵл
쵰ʱǳС˸ȥΪǴһۡʱǴû쵰ǶԷڼҵԵʡ

ˡ״ԪɵұˣԸǧ

״Ԫ˵ճǳ˸ת뿪
зִ磬ｭǳ飬ȴûǳһ䡣

ǳıӰͻȻ뵽ħǰǷššüס״Ԫɡ

ɻзԸ״ԪɶסŲתЦ⳯ǳʵ
ǳΣڵӿвʣ

״ԪûС
㡭Σǳʵ

״Ԫһ죬˵ͷεһЩΡ

ǳһԼҲֹһεǻ쵰ԼⶾʱΣȶǱڵסȶǱصļŵʱûʲôκȴصⶾʱǳ

ֻǡ

ｭǳⶾǻ쵰壬ǳֻҪҵⶾҲû취ֻҪԸɡ״Ԫξħ
ħѾˣ״Ԫٶûⶾ֮ˣ

л˵޷״Ԫɼǳɫ죬ڵ
ǳһħԼǷ״Ԫɡ

ǳΪ״Ԫɵ֪»ʧǣû뵽״Ԫֻ֮Ƭ̣漴ȻһЦƺһ㡣

˵δʵҸֻǷһǳڵ
л״Ԫɵȥˡ

һ¡ǳڣֵ£ƽѰңڱʹˡ
á״Ԫɵ˵ͷֳǳ˸뿪

ǳ״ԪɱӰһʱֻʮ־ȡΪųʱǲһ״Ԫɽյıȴȫϡ

״ԪΪ壬ѵܿ

ǳãЩѹ״Ԫ˷뿪ʶΨһһ壬òϣͦϲġ

вŻҲƯΪ˴͸ϧ
ǳ̾˿һΪһЩǡ

ǳصԺеʱǿеһֻѾС˸˴롣
С˸֪ǳⶫҲû

ǳĿԵϣɫ԰ף˯ˣǻˡ

۵áС˸翪ڵˣһܹȥǶķѹˡ

ǳϡںߵ飬ʵôģ

С˸˵ϻģˡתһ룬ʹڽǰѾûˣټʹΣڵʹ㱧˻Ȼˡ

ǳüͷšһ£ɫЩȻȴû˵ʲô
Ƭ̺ߵߣְ̧ϣЩۡ

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ɫԺһЩ֮󣬽ǳ
С˸ƺҪȥʵ㣿

ءǳһ֦ͷԺ󣬿ڵ㿴ɣҳȥ顣

С˸Щģʵʲô¶
ǳһߴ󲽳ߣһߵȥ

С˸磺
군ˣ

ǰ죬ǳٻ˼ĹأûɿȸǴ㲽дǣȥ

ƽû߶ã㵽˾ֵһط֮һ
˵˵ǡֱǹѰֵĵط

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ֱ;ĳʱͻȻһ˿̲ס̧ͷһۡ

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ǳĲ꣬ŵǸ塣
ǲǰպͽǳ״Ԫɣ

״Ԫɿǳ֮һ£סû˵ڣæ˵˾ʲôҴ¥ǳû㾪ˣȴżߣԭء

¥ǳǳϳǸ壬ǿͷųЩ߽״ѹǶǺľ档

æǳʾء

״ԪСǳû뵽Ҳ˵ط
ǳüڵֻ·ڴ˴Щ⡣

״ԪɵҴǰҲЩطģ̣󲿷ֹõ˶ϣδϹЩ顣żȻ֪мʱѰĿҪѰһѰĪҪһ

ǳһû뵽״Ԫڶ̶̵ʱڣľ㷢˴ı仯
ϣ̲סں߶һգ״Ԫɾ̱뿪ˡ

𣿡ǳʵ
š״Ԫɵ˼˭ܲʱ޶࣬ûȥϸϸѰһ֮ˣٵöݿҲδ¡

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״Ԫ̧ͷһۣǺ곯һЦ۵״ᡣ

Ǳˡ״Ԫ˵ճǳһ֣С¥
ǳ뿪ӺԺһֱ̲ס״ԪǷ

̣֮ħȱ
һĿֱó̱ܺ

һǺܳ״Ԫɲ֪ܶٸ״Ԫڶ̶̰ѰĿȴѰ

һ̣ǳͻȻԼЩЦ
һֱӱʲôأ

ǳͷһֵӣֻȻʡ
״Ԫһ嶼뿪飬ʲô벻ģ

ǽ

С˸˵ÿƯϲβɴѡ֮֮

ԷԸ潭ǳⶾ˵Խǳ⡣
ǳɱ˶Էɴ

һǳĶ㲻ţ˳ѧ״Ԫɣúһ¡
ͼҲʲôֻϵο壬һֻҪǰ˵ɣ˭ҲͶ˼ֱ˵

Ψһž˭ϡ

ϽǳЭֻҪԼ֮鶯֮δزϾͷ治ӣǳҲõֶΣϴζԷⶾ֮ʱţνǳʹ˵ֶΣҲ֮֮

ͨһ㣬ǳʱãʱǸɱȻ̬˴룬Щڴ

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ǳϲ΢һЩΣ²״Ԫô˳ۣҲɣ

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뵽ۣǳʱ

ǳ첽Уûñ㵽˳⡣
ȷʵ״Ԫ˵ЩƫƧס岻࣬Ĵܿ

ǳ߶зǹͼڸҵ䣬ȴһ

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ˣǳ˿Ÿû֦ĵĳ֡

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ǺӰýˣǳϳһֻϳɫëĵأ׵΢ԲδֶϵĽǳ

ǳë£һԺ

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ϲһƬطӦôŶԡ
׽ĵطʲô

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תͷȥⰧµԺġ

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ǳǸµǰһֱϣҰŰԺﻹЩȣǾ֮ʶͷųġ

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ëܵĵطӦǽĳֻС

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Ͼ󻤷ĵطҪܼɡ
ƾʲôë͸ôţֱд

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߽״ͷųԺܶ˵Եľζ󲿷²壬ֻҪ߽ܵ״ľ棬ѡ

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ýǳЩˡ

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ʱǳͻȻЦһСպܱë

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ǳɫһ䣬ڵ壿Ҫѳ壿

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צµСƳͷͺһ飬ԼվһЦ˳

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ëҲ˲ȥԸˡ

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ëû뵽ԼײѲļһ

ëúǰȳǳʾ
ǳƳһۣڵعص

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ǳëҲپ뿪ȴŷһʹ˵ڵء
ǳãȻԺеǻӹԱߣγһӡ

ҡҺۣɵ깭ڵϣвʱʹ/
ǳǲļȣǽͷԾ£ߡ

˵ˣǳʵ
ûУһ߬סǳֱۣϷű죬СҪˣҡ

ǳ
˰ɣ

һֻʲô
òᡭ

ͬʱƽڡ

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ʱ㿴С˸һȣʯǰš

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أƳһۿͷķ򣬷ͷſţͷûнǳӰӡ

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ǽմ¾˸Ҳδǻ£ʡĵ

㳯ȥ˼Ųһ٣ЩΡ
С˸æǰסڵʹʱָܻ

˭֪ء°ɡۿڵ
С˸Եʱһڣĵ»ƻ˶ˣ湻Ϻȵġ

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һɱС˸ʵ

ššüԵЩ
С˸簲οֻҪһ֣ϳԼҪҵôʲôѲ½򲻹

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̫ˣ

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ǳڵϲס/꣬һꡣ

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ûƭ㣬ҵҪˣҡŽǳ֣һֻԼС

ǳĿ⿴С͸ĻӣδֻʮΡ

֪УǴãΪԼУǰֻãû뵽Ҳᷢ£ֱס

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ǳ˦˦䣬Էȴ֣ǼƾץһƵġ

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˵ü֮ʱϷֻϷҲͦװġ

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ǳ˵֡

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ɫ΢䣬Ȼָץס˽ǳָ⡣

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ݵûͦΪԷˡ

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ǻëСǳˡ

ǳ
桭ˣ
Ҳ̫ˣ??




14.  ֧   ԭǸޡ

ǳǻ˵Сðζû£졣

С̫СˣͷѰС̼˶٣СÿȥһƵġ

ҲǵһСһãȻҲ֪ηӦ
ǽǳȻعʵ𣿡

ãȻʵʲô
ǳָָСĿ⳯Ƴһۡ

ǳ岻ȴҲԼ̶֪һѣܶһÿηҲǷüֻȻؾãҲͨһѡ

һֻԼĶӣڵûˡ
ֻһֻǳüʾɡ

״̬뷽ŽȻͬƺҲˡ
ô˵ֻһֻ

ֲŻʱӿҲԣǳҲڻǼС

ǳĿٴ䵽СϣĿʮָӡ
СôôŤ񹷣Ӳӣر֡

ǳ̲סƳһĵѵС͹һģ

ôãǵһ˵ӽӣǾȡ¹غ˽ǳҲʲڣֻԼԲ²⡣

ͬʱԶľ
һȺһ𣬽һֻͺëëΧм䡣

ëԴ߳ëˣʮֻ
Ͳ̫ߣԲŻ͵͵СԼ

û뵽ʱ˲ã˵ԵСã˽ǳëǵûвԳɹ⵽ǳһٽѵֱӱͺë

ƽϷɣ󲿷嶼κβǣǲŻšëѵݲ缦ҲɲҲܲ죬䵽

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ҲǳصģԷ׷Цѡ

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һ䣬ĳ߳һ¹ǰдǳǻơ
¹һѲ˵ߵëǰֱ̧㳯ëԴȥ

ëǱܹڵϷ˸ǵЦ

óв±ĵɱˣˣ¹
ëæˣʱ߷ߣ㿪ʼġ

ݲС²һˣϸ˵ʵһֱвСìܡֻЩìܴδõ˵֮Ҳάűĺƽ

˽֮жٹڣ˵Ҳ˵ˡ

ɱõֲңҴδʳë񿪿ڵ
ʲôϵëôͺģԱһʵ

ëæ͵ԭǲһֻɺҲûԳɡ
Աʳе·⻰Ųһ٣ʳһ䵽˵ϡ

˵ʲôȥͷųѹëʵ
ëѹŵö߶£ڵûӣһֻȥ

˫ĿʱȾֻ̧ûצ㳯ëȥ
ëæӴܣ¹˵һ˲ϣëǲӵʱϳء

ʱë񻹵۾ĿǾ֡

¹ְ̧ëϣëƳ⣬ݸõõģݸǲԣҼһֻɱһֻ

Ƭ̣ɢˡ

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ڳ˭Ҳںһֻë
һǲʱ͸ϵ³Ҳǻá

ɢˣ񱼣ȥ

ڡ
ǳ˼֧֦˸ѣͷ˺ЩҶӣҶݸʾǻ˵С

Ѱ̻ԼëѣಢϮ崫ͳԽǳСҲͻأڹʱܶ඼ѡ

æСŽȥǳ˸ȵĵطѷˡС۾û˰Σ˸Ʊʵʵ˯ˣҲ֡

û뵽þҲСǳ뵽ԼԸҪ˲Щⲻȥ͵Щδ˵۵Ļʵ̾Ϊֹ

ڵ岻ͬɡ
۵ĴƵĶԣǳʵ

ǳƽʵûʲôģЩעʵĿ̣ĳ̲סķ˼䡣

ʵҲټҴǰҲǲ֪ġ
ǳԵ˵ͷӦ츳ȷʵ

Ǹµ壬ִ۶УҪס
ǳѾָˣҲڼңվЩ̣ϮһһСԱ

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С񹷣Լ϶Ǻ͹ģʳڲŷЩͻˡ

һ£ʧЦǹ½ҡ
ôڼ㣿ǳʵ

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ǳһ⣬ĵʳ﾿жóԣһľ֮ͣС˸ˣҲˡ

Ȼˣˡǳڵ
סǳڵɷǺñ֮

ǳ˰֣ʾⲻ鷳
Ǿ֮ͣͼ㱨

ŽǳΣͻȻ뵽ʲôڵҵƬ̡

˵ձ첽ݡ
ǳô뿪ȴͻȻʲô糯ɡ

Ҳסһ壬˵֪ȥ

ǳͷ£һٿԶԺűһײһͷɫǳ˽ǳǰ

һվԺУĿҶӣ»һС̲ѪĿɱ֣һŽǳ

ǳͻȻЩ£ôһʶһ㣬˻ػ
˫Ŀ죬˻һٴγŽǳ˹

蹷ǳŭһԦϮȥ
ǳİɫгžԴȥǿϱһë

ǳھ֮ϣѹǽǳ֡
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ۿҪƴһڳˡ
ƳȻסҲ˴˿ڲǱǳͷųУֱֱɳԶѵһײϡ

޴ôһײײ˲Ҷ
Ҷ䣬СϣҵͷСء֨֨

תͷȥһסˣſڵϺð춼ûֻС

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˸ʲôҲӣϸеǣҲеӡ

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Ҳ̫С˰ɣ

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ŷӦǰ㳯ǳͷ
ǳǶǸ½ҡ

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֮ǰֿܶܣܳòС˸˵ǰӢźᣬǺ֮ΨһûǣȻѾ˼ңСĵˡ

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˽ǳЩŭȻѾ˼ңΪλҪԼⶾ

ȶʱǲǰʱѾӣڹԼȶֱǸ

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ĵǱԼˣҧһ£ǳ̫ǿˣһϣֻԴҪҡ

òðűһŵķգԦܿ˽ǳС
Ȼôһ𣬽ǳ֪ʶʲô

Ŵʱǳûϣִ̧߶ĵŲѹһ

ѵֻ

мֻǳʵ
ֿ˿ǳСֻһֻ

Ҳֻ½һֻǱ
ǳĿһ˿ɻ󣬿һԼģֿ˿ЩãȻˡ

ӦŵһޣôȴȫһˣԱŵһף⵽ô£

պ򶷵ǲ㣿ǳʵ
죬ŽǳΣͻȻʶʲô

壬߽״úÿƢ
ǰǡۼ﹩ŵֻȸ

ǡҡСĿ顣
ǳսʵǰȥʯģ˭

ǡ죬ͷ亹ˡ
ˣа۵СֵǱסˡ

ȸ̫ˣҪۣҲûס
ҿȸǼҵľ۵Ľ飬ȵ֮

ǽǳ֣ɾļˡ

ʯڵʵĿʹʯ
ǳĿһݣʵģʹ˵ʯ

ڵǰʯǶףҲûм飬ʹԵﶼûеġ

šüͷ̾˿ҿֹ˵
ǰͿȸǲֻܵˡ

Բסˣʹˡ
Σѡ˱졣

ǳšüͷ˼Ƭ̣ʵǰ˭ȥĹ󣿡
ɡɡ°Σǲƭǳֲֻ̧˲ͷϵĺ

ǳ⸱飬֪ӦúҪּ²ڣСһţڵ㻰أ˵

󡭡Ѱ׵ȥ
Ͳ˵ˣһ㡰ġ˵һ¡

ˣǳֲɵӣô
ǳͷһԼķŵĿȻһ˿ɱ

ۣ
ֲôӼ浽ڣҲǰͷ

ԭǸ쵰㣡





15.  ֧   Ӿ

ûüӦ, ǰ׹һǳѾˡ

ʹ˲ˡ૵
֪ʵң

Ӿֲҡ
һæҪҪȥ

ȥջĿ, лͷŷǾ֮, æڻһꡣ

Ŵӷϻ·, ĽĽˡСӶȻ, һ߾, һ־ú², 鵱ζӳ¡

ڱ˵ҪӾԴǳ, Ҳ¼Сȥ¡οҪֵǽǳҪȥ˰˭һ, ˵󻹵ðｭǳ۵ȣýǳµ

ǳŭƽһۼҵĴϡ
ûһ¹ſҪߵˡ

ԺڿտҲǳһɱŹע, ۼһȦԺеãȻҶӣﲢûбĻ

˵ˣС˸綼֪ȥ
˵֪ԼݲزסˣȻˣ

ǳŭû, Ժббһڿ˽һ롣ϵ֦ȻŵСӲֻӴܣ㵽ʯͷ, һֵ͵͵Žǳ

ԺҶӷƮ䣬ǵס
ǳԺУԺвЩ桭

Уźߵ쵰ýǳԼ
ǳÿʹǻ쵰ıǱԷ۸ޡ

ҹǳǵöԷÿһÿһκ
ԼǸ쵰ʱҲѰ𡭡

ЩڽǳзΣǸ޲ܰƤĻ쵰ȻݡǽǳǴźߵ֪䶼۵

ۣýǳǺôĻ쵰ڽǳֶһ
εĵòƫУнǳۡ

ǳһʱ˼ǧԺвסԼ˾Ǻľ

ǰ죬֪ϸ䣬ŷЩǰ洦ƫƫһöԷԼƤӵƭ˽ա

գۼʱ̬ȾͲ
Ƕ겻ĹˣȻھ꣬ôֵܱôƽ

ʱǳΪȻ̫ȣԸϾ⵽۵̬ȣڼĵһ𣬾ͳ

ħ춯ýǳ߶ʯʱǳ;ƣΪβԼȴˣ֮ʱ쵽ڵΪ˲ǳ죬һֱ

µѪʱѪסˣ۾Ҳסû֡
ǳһ߾÷һȴ־ۼֱǸӣ

ǰǳһֱΪֿ۾ǹġ
ƾʲôƾʲô϶Լ־

ǳԽԽ

һֱ֪ԼȶῴԼЦ˿̲֪ͽЦװˡӹⶾʼһֱգǳԼһЦ

״Ԫ֮󣬻ԴſԽ쵰Լⶾ

ǳ˿ֻ޲ͬھ
ҪɱۣҪǶˣֻҲӾ

磡У۷ǽ˸硣
С˸ʵôǲǵڱ˽

ɫ԰ף˺ô󹦷Žȡ
һЦڵôǱأڰｭĴæ

ǽƱɣС˸
˵Ǽҽʲôʵ

С˸룬ڵɱ㣬㣬㣬Ӿ
еˡۿЦһֵȻأ

С˸ɱ֮󣿰ıƤŵ档
룬ǼҽҪƤ⻰˵˶ˣѭѭա

öˡС˸
Ƕˣʡ

С˸ָͷ˰죬ûͷöˣ㲻ˡ
֮ǰҾˣЩϼˣҽгû侮ʯŪʵ

С˸Ƭ̣Щӡ

ǵúǴУʹ˻ѳƱˣԲѣҽԽ˱ƽ

һھʹ˱ѪЩŪҲҽȣֱնѪֱۣʹ˾˻

ˣҽķԼʹˡ
ڽգ֮ǰҲûԵʹֶЩ

ôһ룬С˸ʲô

ҽһֱ˵Ҫʹ˰ƤʬΣʵȴһֱںķȶԷ⡭ʲô춯صͷҲûôĵİ

𣿡۳С˸
С˸æ˵ͷڵͷϣǵ㣬ͷҪİˡ

Ե˵ͷС˸¶һӿɽ̡ı顣
С˸类ôһ⣬Լۡ£ֱǡ踺ءΪҽģ

˷ҵˣȥ˵Ჽֳȥ

Ȼ˼ϿӹЩ
̧ͷȥϿʮֻɫӰɹ

ݡ۵
ʲôС˸ʵ

ššüͷȻ˼ֲԤС

ˣǵҸĵطţҪˡС˸
ȴһֱʧķüͷһֱšš

ʧķƺǳƽڡ

ƽ
ǳڱԼϵ֦ϣŸ̳

ãҲ̫պȾƵĻ򣬼ÿκȾƱ
Ҳ⣬ཹཹ˼ڣЩ˯ˡ

Ƿķ̫ྫ˵ֻ֮۾Щô֦˯ˡ

ԺУǳ˸Ρ
εԼǸȸģĳӭų̫ë

һֻԱٱߣԶԶ˹ȥ׿ȸ˵ڵء
׿ȸ.ǵز..ɫԱĲ.ӣԱ.Լë

ȻʱԱȻΣ۵ģ
۳ǳһЦںи硣

ǳŭ̧Ƴǰ۱һƣһƽʵʵޱȡ
ֹǰ࣬ǳƶһЩ顣

ãȻ۾ԼǰվһһϮµӣԷһԼǱգȻûϵԼͻȻһơ

ǳſ壬Ǻ֮⣬Ժлʮε壬ݡǰ⿴Щĺӣǲǰڹ󳯽ǳ.żǳˮ˸ˮֻڵ

Ǻǣ㡣ǳڵյǱģ۵¶һĨЦ⡣
ڵ񷽲űһƣֱ˳Цŭӿǳͷųݵѹ

ǳȴ˿ûڵ˯ʱôôϲҴ򣿡
ڵһ죬ΣϻرǳϷŪһԽǳǺ֮ǡ

˷ëڽǳѣɱˣŭͷ

ҽǳҪ˵ģɷżǳ޷˯ԲЩ˼ֻǳʵ̫Ưˣڵ񱾾Ͷ֮ģٴЩе˼

ţܽ׿ȸƷ˴ȥźԼҲʧΪһܺõĳͷ

ҲǴ˼Ż̲סȥ
˭֪մսǳͱǳһƣǰԹֱ졣

ǳĪҪ̫šһë񿪿ڵ
ǳż־⣬δȫѣ̧ƳһۺëǴ˱ĵطδ˵أҪⲻ֪ĶĶѱţ

㣡ëùǺھҪ
ڵȴ֪ǳˣֹ̧˺ë񣬳ǳΪ廤סʹ岻ֱ˴ˣ

⻰˽ǳʹǳɫһݣɢѹ
ڳʮֻݣǱ߽״ѹ嵽ˣ׷׺һ

ָ˵ġڵǿ򶨿ڵ
ǳһ飬ڵΪֻë𣿡

ڵɫһĨڵǱնȥ˫䵽Űɱ֪½Ҫ粵

ʵϽǳֻնȥëëڵȻôʣ֮˵ǰˣǳҲûͬ

ˣǳֳһ˿ȣҲ֪ë¹ɱ˵顣
ҲֻԾһ˲漴㿪ڵëأ復ǲԣЩ˼С³ҲǾȡðˡ

ʱǽǳڳë񶨻Ầӡ
ë񲻹Ǻɶȷʵֵͬ顣

Ȼڳȴ׷ֳŭԺһʱݵ
ݲ쾭壬ԵɱǾǲ졣

ǳȴ˿ûǵӰ죬֦ϣͷֺһھơ

붯֣ǳƳһۺڵ
ڵĿдڵǽͷͷѰɣ

ǳ԰Цĵģ֪·
ҲԣӦÿˣʱ˭ùͷӹƲù

Ҳɵ֪Լ·

һһϣһϣǳʵ
ڵоڵҵԶͲƥ֮ˡ

˵գһǴһӵϡ
ǳǸ߽״Ըڵݻǲ÷ʲôģʮֻнһϣܲܳŵסɾͲ˵ˡ

ڵһȣŽǳϮȥ

ǳϣ̧гڵһӣն˺ڵ߳ϵëɫзɳȥת˸˺ڵë

ǳЦһٴͷУһвźڵԿǷɹȥڵԴϵëֱƽˡ

ڵΪϴѾʶ˽ǳ֪ǳԶǰ㡣
Žǳ⼸УûѴ֮ȴֵ㶼û㡣

һ̣ڵʶǴлЩͻˡ
аգֻһΣǵڶα׿ȸϷŪˡ

Ȼȴδ֪Ѷˣ״ʮֻȻڿն𣬾㳯ǳϮ

ǳһӭ֮ʱȴһ֪ͣΪЩ춯ǳǿδΣһʱ춯˼ҲӭС

ôһ飬ԦֿЩˡ

Ǿ쵽˽ǳԥŽǳ߶ټϽǳź˾ƣӦͲƽʱۿ̼ҪݾС

Ȼǧһ֮ʣǳǰȻһɫӰӰԥ˽ǳǰ

ǱһһеۿˣȴƳ˶ԷŵĶʱסֻ˿ȻЩȻ˴󲿷δסǲֻǻ˶Է

ƫƫԷⲢصһҲǺһѪڵϲſסΡ

𣡡ڵ񿪿ڵʹô𣿡
ݶŭĿǰⲻ֮ͣԷڵϣŵ

ֳַıۡ

ǷëߵȨ
أַɺ壬Υ

ⶫԭǰ׺׸õģ۵ʱ֮Ի£гһսǳ治ԭҪº֣óԼһ

û뵽ȴڴ˿ˡ

ģȴҲóȻʱԼ֮ʱԼͬóȻ֡

Է֮ȡ뿪ǣ̤֮أɫ԰ףվûˣʱеѹȴ˿ǰûˡ

ڵ߷߿ۣƳһĽǳڵû뵽Ὣ𽻸һ壬ҵȶҪһȥǰָ˵

ڵ񲢲֪ǰ׺׸۵ģֻǼŽǳʶǽǳģԽѡ

ǳֻﲻɢڵۿ治ճˣҲԸپһʵк뿪СԺ

뿪֮۱ʧȥһ˿ŵķ䵽˵ϡ
ѵתͷǳǳ˫ĿͨؿŰɫУϡ

۷δֻڽǳǰؿڵ˵ֻë񣬱¹ɱˡݴ˷㣬뼤֣ĵطˮʱ

˵һ룬֧Ųס壬Ȼǰȥ
ǳûüգôֱֱ۵š

һĿһ˿㵡
ǳҲסˣȻû뵽ıʣ۲֪ηӦ

ǣֺۣա
ڼ֮ǰһĥ۵ķ

ʱ˿̣δ׼Ҫ֡
һУô⧲طˡ

ʵǻѰذףǺѴ̽ġɽǳǷ඼ݣһ£Ӧʱ򲻿ܶġ

۵ͷһ۴УԼѪ˳Űɫһε˽ǳϣǳѩ׵䶼Ⱦˡ

һ̲֪ΪΣ۾Ȼ˿

ǳۿڣΪЩ
ǳëȻ£۵ֱϡ

ۿ̧ᣬǳȴָҪԼʱʶһ¡ĿһԽǳ۾һƬڽǳͷϵҶӡ

ȡҲƲסԼ壬ҵؿ˼ǺѪ˽ǳɫϡǳһɫʧ˿ڴȻ˸Ѫ

ǳ˫Ŀͨؿۣڵұ˵Ǿңһɱ㣬ҳ˵ġǳʣȻΪ

֪һֳڵϣһֻץסǳ䣬Ŭ̧ͷǳǳûɱңԼСײϡⲻĴ

б˿ڲѪεδڽǳϡѪϵ¶ȣЩ΢ȣǳ̲סĶ

ϲҵЦǳ׿ۣڵǰǱʱ򣬶㿴˸顭֪Ϊʲôô𣿡

ǿһЦȴҲû֧壬ô˽ǳ
ǳۣͨ˫Ŀһ˿ãȻ޴롣

ڴʱС˸ųԺУ󻯳ο첽ܵǰ
ǳֿۣһʱ֪ηӦ

һֻ壬Է﷢鳯˵ˡ
ձʶʲôһгƽ˹

С˸׷һ·۶û׷ϣֱˣʹ·߲ȣôƲȺƽ֮󣬱ͻȻܵñ졣

һףʹء

о𣿡С˸糯ǳʵ
ǳ˫Ŀͨ죬ĿⲢδ϶

С˸״æۣȥԷϵ˿ֹѪ
κ΢ʵڰﲻʲôæ

ΨһֵҵǣҪڽǳǰˣ˿ڣڱԼ޸ţѪֹܿסˡ

ϧԭϾˣǰｭǳһֱǳдˣֱѩϼ˪һһ

ʹ˺ˡС˸翪ڵ
ǳһƺҪͷһۣȴסˡ

֮䣬һ졣
֪Ҳ֪

ģ߰ɡǳ
С˸Щĵؿһۣϵ˿ڻѾˣֻɫɰ׵ˡǳ˵ˣС˸絹Ҳûиݡ

ʹ˺ͱȱˣ⼸ÿζΣڵϦÿһζܳŹþɡ

ˣС˸ԥԥߵ˽ǳߡ
һԶŵСƺоҪˣС˸߲˲䡣

С˸ͷСӵúչʹ˰ɣǵˡ
СͷĿ޹ίջߡ

ʧȥʶıԵƺҲܵ˼ı룬̲סƴһ˿۾ģģǳıӰԼԽԽԶ

ǳۿڣȴ
ǳıӰʧУǰһڣʧȥʶ

ǳǰŸ뿪ûãžˡ
ǲģܲסģҪ

һֱŻԭһֱԼСӵѣ𼱻ǵƽ

ҿĻװСѷ£ǰ鿴һ۵δԱߣʵо𣿡

ִϸЩֳһ˿ɻ
Ƭ̺һְ˵˿ڴڵĵ֮һǵһμ

ʲô?ʵ

һ߼Ϊ۶һߵķ֮ϰһŶ˵Իס֮Ҳǵ֮

Ĳ࣬˷𣬴ҲֻϵΪ׽Ľпϰá

˼ǣûʹˣʵ
ǿ϶ˡ̾˿Ҳǿ϶˵ġ

ššüʮãȻȻ޷߼
úõοѾٷľأ

ǳС˸뿪ƽ
һϮմ۵ѪȥʮִĿ

·֮׷׾Ŷܣеֱȥ˹ٸ㱨١
С˸󣬼ȲҿѯʣҲȰ·ôĿг˳ǡ

ǳ˫Ŀδȥĺ⣬

ǰɱ۵ķΪǰĶԹڽյ֪۵ݺ󡭡δԼ˳֮ʲô顣

ǳ˹ղ֪Լԭô
Ѫô졭

ǳǿŷӵ׿ȸڿն
մŵѪȴδȥΪȸ֮Ѫɫëϡ

մѪİ׿ȸųȻδɳԶȴһֱֱͣˤ
С˸ŵùǺæչȥסεĽǳ

û°ɣС˸ʵ
ǳͷ亹ȥƺ

ݶʱڵЩ춯Ǹоˡ
ǳ룬ڷϻһ㽫۵Ƴ⡣

ڵľٶʮֲףӾ˻кܴġȻѾҵǻ쵰壬Ҳ˱ˣҲûмŵıҪˡ

Ȼû뵽ǣԭķźúõ˿ȴˡ
ƾǳôŴ߶޷Ӧƾʧһ㡣

ѽ᲻ʹˣҲʧˣС˸æ
ǳĿһ˿󿪿ڵܣ

С˸ʮ֣ʹ˵ôأӲҲھһɣôôƶأѵ͵͵ʹʲôֽţ

ûЩǳϷŵˣʮּ֡
ҲǳʮΣգֻ᲻Ľǳ塣

ҲΪʲôǳὫУڹ̶ĵطȡӰҲС

ˣ

ûпʹ˳㲻עˣС˸ʵ
ǳҲܡ

ΪʲôܣС˸粻⡣
ǳšüͷֵܸоϡ

С˸磺
군ˣʹǴסڽˡ




16.  ֧   Ķİ

ǳɫѿ, ȻԤڡ

С˸룬ԭ㿪ȰȰǳʵڲоͻƽ۰æȻ۵ģܿƵסɣ

δ, һǽŪ˵, С˸һþƺáһһԲֶ, оҲûˡ

ǽô죿С˸糯ǳʵ
᲻, ǽǳԼ뵽Ǿͺðˡ

ϾǽǳԼ, ҪۼˮݻԹں, һ仰飬С˸ôºڽһ֮䡣

ǳһȻûôת
ûôԥ, 㿪ڵع󡣡

ǳ˵һϢٴλ׿ȸڿ, С˸Щػͷһ۾ǵķ򣬶ŽǳŹķȥ

ǰһ㣬ûʲô̫ı仯
ǳȥʱ˳һ½磬û

ڵЩ׺׽ػúܺá
ǳһʶ, Լ˵ҲûôҪ

׺״ǰڽǳǰ߶֮ĻӾ˽ǳŲɣܾԼ뿪, ͻһ졣ɽȴԶٻҲǹ󣬲˿Ĳͬ

ͷǳȻ˲, ͬʱҲЩʧ䡣

ǽ
ˣ

忴ǳӰʱʮ˷ܣʼһ߷һ¡
֮䣬ǳعϢ㴫ˡ

ѶСһѣ֡
էһӭӣϸȴΧۡ

ǳػΪΣմŵѪʱע⡣
ֻǳϰ׵һȾմôѪʵǴĿ

ʲôСʵ
϶ѪһС

մڽǳϵѪģֻѪ
ͬǸ֣Էͦùġ

ǳ̬㶼֪ԼһͷûԿҲ˷ܡ

ǸǸгⲻ潫Ƥ˰ɣС²⡣
ܡҲûñƤ϶Ѫ

һΧ׷׸͡
ǳҲ֪ǷЩۣϿκ

ʤֵأ׺ӭǰĿڽǳϵѪͣһ˲ȴɫ

ǳз꣬ѣֻʵ𣿡
δˡ׺׵

ǳüͷ΢΢һšڵ뿪֮ǰ˵ǰ³أӶ˰ɣ
ӳֲͷһˡ׺æӦÿˡ

ǳû׷ʣС˸ǲɢΧ۵С׺׵ħǰǽˡ𼴽أϣ鴫Ķ

˼ǣ׺׿ڣɡ
ħǰǰǣˣ֪ǳڵ

׺æ˵ͷµҲð죬ȥ֪СϾǳڹǺģԸ飬һҲ档

ǳԸͻ󣬶Ļһ䶼û˵
С˸ȴûƨƨߴյ˰׺ǰ

ôӣǰˡ׺׿ŽǳӰп
Խǳ谮ǳŶԷһ¶Էģһ붨ȻǾôûӡ

С˸û˼۽ӵ⣬ʵ׻ҵ鶼ˣǧأ

׺׿С˸һۣڵˣǽϵѪ˭ģ
С˸һ͵ʹ˵ûסҲû

׺׿һۣŲ۴£ϾǳշԸ㳯С˸ԭԭ˵һ顣С˸ΣΪǧݣֻԶС

С˸罫Щھǵľ޾ϸԭԭ׺˵һ飬ƣʹ潭ëϸڶû©

׺һǱʮ־ʣֱȶһ£ɫȻý

˵ħȶḴ׺׿ʵ
С˸ͷȶʱֻʹ˲ܰｭⶾ

׺ɫʮأҴȥ˲ͷһҵĹżǹżϷãڷ˹ħҳԽɫԽء

ȷۻ𣿡׺ʵ
ô˵ģ˵ˡС˸

׺ɫԻż£ʮֽǡ

ôС˸ʵ
ħǰ˵Ƕ׫ȶһȴиݡ׺׿ڵ

С˸ʣǸӿ˵
򳤻̣˶졣׺׿ڵУӡ

С˸粻ɷĵʹһνǲͬ⣬Ҳûӽⶾʹ˵üأǽ⣬ʹõǿôͺðˡ

ܽ˶ʵ˽ϵԸ
С˸һһ־ЩԲסۣæסͷ

ҵǧأС˸ʵ
׺׿һֽۣһСС˸ȥȡ

С˸統üЦǧݣͷϵͺëоˣ

ȵȡ׺ͻȻסڵǧݿԸ㣬㻹ȥһ¡
С˸̧ۿ׺ףһʶð׺Լȥİ˳ɲǺ¡

ƽ

ڽǳߺ󣬻ҹѡ
ʱ򣬷Լԣ.һΣҲ֪˭ġ

ǳ˵һ룬±½ӺˣĹѾָ˴룬һۼܹˡ

۱ָҪö࣬ɻֻ۾ƣ

СӼһһܵߣڵϿۡ
ۿЦһֻΣû뵽һֻֻӻ

ˣԺſ̧ۿȥ㽫ﱧһһСֻӡȷе˵һֻСÿĶҲӡ

ǼȻã˳ΪôҲûԸʮµġǰְĿƬֵ̣ĵ̫ݣҵء

û˵ֻαϡ

СѾһ޵ĻëűȸճʱЩСߣ˿ֵذ۵֣ƺ뿴Ķ

ʶſƣŷԼһöҶ
գҶ߬ա

öҶһɷ͡
öҶǰƺ˽ǳͷϣժ

һĻ۱Ŀڷۣһ˲԰ޱȡ
״̾˿ȴ֪ο

СĵҶһ˱ûز䡣˳ƶ˶ԻЩ

ҶӡָСڵ
Żعǰ˵Ǹˣû뵽ôС

ԱߵʯϣﱧŻԭ͵һ߿Сҧ۵ָ֣һ߿ڵͿȸ飬ǹȥ˰ɣǰҲ㣬ǾǶԹˡ

۲˵͸ŰһֱʶԼǻ˵С

һ£Ȼˣøɡڵ
ԿĿѯʡ

崫˷˵Ҫˣ׼ףʹҲ֮С

󡭡⼸֣ɫȷŸ԰˼֡
Ƭ̣ʵȥ𣿡

̫ͻȻһʱ֮ЩزȥζһǳɽǳǰѡʱȥˣǳΣ

۾ãǳزԸټԼˡ
ͲߵôȻ

ȥ۵
Ҿ֪ô˵Ѿˡ

ۣ

Ҫ˵ȸҲǲ顣Դ˲ëڵ֮ǣô֮ʻ㣿

ɻǵ۵ǱģûڳҲµ߰˰ˡǳۣ˵ŭȻ֮£ܹ˼۵ΪۻסڵɼĲ

ֻҪû޵ĵزһоͻء
һ۵һ˿ãȻ

ʲô˼ʵ

㲻֪ѽ
֪ʲôʵ

ڵôص˶ûΪҲΪΪĵ֮㻤ס

һȻǾȡ
ͷԼƬСñεҶӣĬãõΪ̫ƣ˯˹ȥ

ʱ۲ſڵ崫ŵأ
Ѿȥ˰ڵ㲻˵㲻ȥ𣿡

˿ЩΡ
ҷ𣿡ص

״ȴ̲סһЦԺſڵķ˸ڡ
̧ۿȥС˸Ժ̽˸Դ

ȷʵȥߣû취

ʹˡС˸˳ֱĹСһѡ
ĿС˸󣬵˰ȴûԵӰ

С˸ĿЩ̣ڵԼġ
ջĿ⣬һ˿ʧ

ڡ
ǳųرڣɫȥá

⼸ڵǹ춯ð
ǳʶͨĥ۱

Ƿصӣ󼸺еȥӭˣֻнǳûȥ

ǿܣΪ֮ʱ춯̫ݣֻݵİоԺһЩ

ûһС㱨˵ˡ
ǳӦһʵɰã

ֻǳ˽ȥ򡣡С
ǳššüڵҹȥݼ𡣡

СӦͻȻʲôڵ׻׼ڹ磬ףءҪıͣһԸ£׻ᰲǴȥ롣

ǳ֪뵽ʲôʵ׻˭
ˮ嶼˷ҲݹС

ǳԥΣʵ˻ʷʹ
ͳȥķССڵ

ǳɫһ䣬СֵȥĻûԲ֪ʹ˻᲻硣

ǳԳĬ˰ΣС֪ˣȥɡ
С˸¡

ǳƬ̣΢Щ
ûֱȥȥ𣬶Ǿֱȥ˰׺ס

׺׸ӭ˳صķæ飬ǳͻȻԼΪȡ

أ׺æ˹û㣬Ը˵˵ӡ
ȥ󣿡ǳʵ

׺εۺӣڵǴ£˻ʷʹʡ
ǲʣǰ׻Եİţǳʵ

׺һΣڵĶܹ鲻ܺţĨȥ㽫кβɣ׺ʹˣ˵Ҳûô˼ɣŽǳͽﻰ˵ˡ

ǳò
Ҳżˣⶾ鷳ĺܣûô򵥡׺׿ڵ

ǳɫʮѿЩ
׺׾쵽ʵұȰ㲻çײɵãҼص˹ɫԽԽˡ

ǳͱ÷겻üͷšøЩ
׺׼״ڵǱǶ֣ǲæ㽫Ūɡ

˵ˣ²֪ǳڵ
ֵⲽأѾ˵ˣǳֵ֪

Ȼһ䣬űһϤ

ʲôҪű𣿡һ
ǳȻͷһϮķԼ

ı͸ߴټǿֻվͷųһѹ
ǳ׽ԷѹʱҲɻڱη֮ġ

𡣡ǳ
ϲ汯ϲĿһ˲Žǳдżֲ㵹ԽԽϢˣ㣬㡣

ǳԱ֪𲻸ˣԷճأδȥӭӡ
ƫƫԼ׺ףöԷײˡ

𡭡ǳͷڡ
ȴϴ

ǳֻøڷǰƳ˰׺һۡ
׺׳ʼ磬˼Ҳû뵽

ʲô鵢ˣ˿ڵ
ǳ֪ʵԼûȥӶԷһ£㿪ڵ˯ͷ

ԶסŲתͷŽǳɫǸģ۵ȴһ˿硣

𳤵üΪȴ뽭ǳȻͬǳӽݳͣԽӽȴҪ۵.ɷʣȴڻ˾Զ֮ͣǱ谮мӵĽǳǰҲԵ롣

ԽԽˣ˵̧ȥԴȴָǳͷʱһ£ĿһݣʵĶİ

ǳ

ջֻ֣ĿⶢŽǳΣʵ뿪󣿡
ǳ̧ͷʶĦ°ڣ±ѵĺӡ

̧ͷ°һǿȽǳԼĿԿܵѹһ飺ǲڱչصʱ͵͵뿪󣿡

šǳӦһ
ɫʱӦ𲻻뿪󡣡

ǳ֪Էˣȴֻûпڽ͡
һֱƺڵȽǳڣɽǳȴʼճĬ

գ̾˿ЭƵģʵմ˭
ǳɫһڵһ壬Ѿˡ

Ǿͺáڽǳһ£ɫԻЩ
ǳڣֵ㽫ĨŪ

ǳӦһŷȥ




17.  ֧   ɫ԰ףȻ

ǳŷȥ
һ·Ϸһ仰û˵, ǽǳܸоԷܲ

ǳһ꣬ƢԺ˽⣬ںܶʱǳֵе׺׾˵ǳƢô, жԭܵ˷Ӱ졣

ǳԼ֪, ȻƢ, ϸ˵ȴиĲ, òһƢһеĹִͲ, ǳʱֻȱ, ʱԵЩꡣ

ڣ˵ҪΪǳŪ, ǳֻ
ȱģҲĻ
ָҡ뽭ǳϥ, ǳ֣ǳ㽫ԼֵݽִŽǳԦһ̽ɫʱˡ

šüǳʵôڵģ

ǳǸ߽״ǳǿѰͲĶ֡ɷһ, ȴͲǵմȾ˽ǳϣڽǳﳤһ㣬뽭ǳΪһ塣

һ״֮󣬷Ǿȡ
һ, ʲôķʽп˸ٹ̡סڽǳ

ǳǱȣ
Ȼ֪𰸡

ǳȴֻ
Ϥÿνǳ˴ϴʱ, ⸱顣

ǳԷ𾴣Ӳ棬ʵֻзԼ֪ǳ˳ֻԼԸ顣ǳԸ飬ʵִúܡ

ǰûӣôҲҲûӡ

ȥһˣӵԽˡ𿪿ڵ
ЩȴδʽǳִŽǳ֣Ԧͼǳȡ

Ȼտʼ߶ǳһ㣬ʧˡ
Щȣû뵽˽ƻ֪

Ϊã֪ȥ򣬵ӲΪˣԱѱӲ֪֪Ѷʲô˼Ȼա

ǳԼЩڽǳģͷų˸˵ǿ½ǳΪ߽״ҲЩܲס

ֻƬ̹򣬽ǳͷ亹üͷšţȻʮʹࡣ
ƵģԷԽǲͷų

ǳֻ֫ٺյʹޱȣ̲סڵ𡭡
͸Ųεʹ࣬Ȼع͵

ǳ岻ܿƵصȥ
ַסǳǳɫ԰ףס.ϢţȻܡ

յüʱûŽǳ
ٵƬ̣ǳضܴ

𣿡𿪿ʵ
ǳǿ˵ͷʵΣ

һͷͶˡ
ǳüһʱЩ֪Ǻá

û뵽ô֣𶼸㲻

ܲס˵ɡ𿪿ڵ
ǳ˵ͷƬ̲

ЩգƽһαһôǱЩʧ˽ǳȻȥｭǳʲôΨнⲻĵͷϡ

ǽǳ˵ԷѾˣǵýǼһɡ
ȴֻܱţܲȥʬɣ

ǳߺ󣬷Լżնû
֪鲻ãȻ˭Ҳȥš

Ҳͽ޹
ǳԴӱ̼ض֮ʵˣһնûٷ춯

ʱ򣬽ǳҲоˡ
̲סɣпǱķ֮پˣԲʧ

ܿ죬㵽˹ӡ
׺Щһֱæǰæ󣬽ǳȴС

֮󣬽ǳȻûɽǳȴĪƣ룬ÿնдʱ˯ǰڹʱǳǺ˯ģһ仯ܲϰߡ

룬Ǳ˵Ӱ쵽ˣ˵ϢЩʱվͻ

⼸½˹󣬲а׺ͷޣǳҲ÷ģ󻤷ǲµġ

ֱգ׺ײСǳһϮӣȥ硣

Ϊ󻤷ǳƽԶٲ¶ͷδԵʧ񡣱ϾǴӸظģҲ˷ӡ

Сźǳӣ̲ס¶˾޵Ŀ⡣
ǳƽǴúؾżһԻ·ǶĿ

С˸⼸ôûǳ֪뵽ʲôʵ
С˸ϲߴߴģ⼸ȴһֱûгֹýǳЩϰߡ

СջڽǳϵĿ⣬æƺǳȥˣոջ
ȥǳšüȥĶ

С׻ȥģȥĶʲôͲ֪ˣ
ǳЩʧ񣬲֪ʲô

ʵϣԴյ֪׺ıۣǳЩҲ˵ⲻɣ֪¼Σ±ʲô

ϵȶû׽⿪ۡ
ǳ֪뵽ʲôһ죬æסͷ

۴ǰ˵ôأָܻô죬ԽǳýԼ϶ۡ
ˣǳû˵ʲôŰ׺Ϊ׼ĻС󣬳ٰĴȥ

˵ſ֮ʱС˸ƨƨߵ˹
ղԽǳ˿û衣

ӴÿС˸Ե
ǳƳһۣʵ𣿡

ûͶˣͲˡС˸翪ڵ
ǳһԥת˵סȥ

ΪӰ죬ûȥӭӷأԷһֱˡ㡰ȥӭһӭ

ǳ˷סʱԷջۣͷδ
ǳӹԱСŵӣǰͷϷ

˽һϮۣűƽոΪϡǳ飬ǰ˻±ֵĺӣܲ

Ŀڽǳϣ´һڵôܺÿ
ǳ̧ۿԷԷ۵״һ˿Ц⣬֪ǳˡ

ϵ춯𣿡·Ϸ𳯽ǳʵ
ǳڵûٳֹʧˡ

ɫһƺЩ

һͬ˴ӭ
Žǳߵףʾض

Ϊǳһģ㶼̲ס࿴ۡеǰûǳһ֪Ǵĵ÷谮ֻȸˡ

˵ȸʱڷߣǽɵܵһġ˵Ĺϵһֱഫţ˵ʲôĶСĸģĸǼٵģͲö֪ˡ

Ŀһɨһ¡
ϯλУһһϮ۵Ӣ꣬ۡ

۶ӣԷҲ˿壬̹Ȼؿ

ǳ˳ŷ߿ȥҲ˶Է
ǰ˱ۣ˹󣬶Ҿھ뽭ǳ֮ĵط

ǳ⣬û뵽۾ָô졣

òջĿ⡣
ǳԱߣо֮ǰĺ飬Ҳʣˡ

ǣؾ񡣡𿪿ڣѹ
׷ӦԷЩ

˵ϻֳҲ˵һ֣·粢ΪףأֻԸѡ˼ҳԵø˲ˣȫĵġ

׺ϰˣڳе˵յΡ
ϧ£Ǻܸӣ׺׺Ҳˡ

˵ףأʵϻһҪĿģǾһ·غĽӶáʤǰȻʵıʵࡣ

⼸Ѿһֹÿη˳أ׺׶ôһᡣ
ֻҪһѹȻȻͷųˣȻ޲

м򵥴ֱȴá

һֱҪ췴ݣ֮㿪ʼ鲻ѡȥ֮һʱǲˣжٲҪԼ

췴һ¿ԻһȴٲҴˡ
ڵϻھǳ˱˷𣬻ǵˮ棬ٲҪָ˵

ڵ˼Ÿο֮ʱȴһˮ㿪ڵʹйҼһֱű˴ˣһ仰˵

һĿ⿴ۺͽǳǳʮΣΪԼ͵ʱΣû뵽ץ˸ţڴˡ

۵һЦûнӲ磬̬ȵǴݡ

ڵûڵʹôйڣϾôҪĶʹˣɼʹӦǼΪӵġ

һ˲Լͬ¶Ȼɫ
ֻǶ֪弫ΪҪǳὫۣ

ǲʲô᣿һˮڵ
᣿ڵ񿪿ڵһʹ˿ǵŽóҵȷʩʲô᣿˵տǳĿżʡ

ǳû뵽ڵ񾹻ʱ飬ùǺ
Ƿ۵ģǲ¡

ɺڵôһڣǰȻ˵ھʱһ⻰ٳȥǳֻ¹˶ñҪħһ£ʱЩ»ס

ȶ飬Խǳ˵ܴ裬ڵǹ
ֵǣԱ㿴˽ǳĿ⾹Ҳżɡ

ǻ˽ǳӶɾͶ㲻ˡ˽װװưͣǰȴ򲻻ġ

ᣡȷʵᡣ׺ͻȻڵʹǷҸģ뽭޹ء
˵մӻȡһ֧չʾֵʹձѽ𻹸ˡ

ǳ˿ֻϣټˡ

ȻʱһֱĬķȴͻȻڵΪҪ𣿡
⡭׺׿˽ǳһۣڵΪҪίʹץħ鷳㽫Ҫʱ

⻰һ䣬ǳ̾˿ˣǰħ鳶˳
Ȼüͷһ壬ʵħ

޿ɱسħϣǳˡ
Ƴǳɫһԥڵ֪ħǰڵЩ˹徻׻֪ħھǻ켣ίҴô¡

仰赭дͷ˺ڵ
ڵûϵʯͷԼĽţͷʱ亹乡

һԵ˳ƿ۴ϣڵʵ㵱ΪʲôҪħǸʱӦ.żڰɣ㽫Ƕ󣬾ʲôģ

ڵһһȻ֪λشһñӾҪͷˡƫƫ׺׺ͽǳ֪ģû

ڵ񣬵͡
ȴԺڵ񲻴Ȥǳʵħô£

ǳû뵽˾һֱħ飬һʱ֮ǽš
ֵЩ˷ܣϷʵǳǵϣǺڵͽֳħ顣

ڳ󲿷ֶԼĪ֪ħʲôħٲҪǣЩ˵¶Ȼʮֺ棬׷˶ţ´ʲôϸڡ

׺׿ｭǳڣȴɫһ䣬ʵǽ
֮㲻Ҫ죬Ҫ廰

ǳ˿ڵħںڵҹ˹󣬲Ѿˣ𲻱صġ

أɿŽǳʵ
ǳֽţ֪⻰Ǻ⡣

թѾµʲôһ̹׵Ļ᣿
ħ飬ôĳ̹أ

ħǳڣɫЩ԰ס
ħɱġͻȻڵ

˻һ𵱼šüĿдŲεȴһ̹Ȼ۵Ц⡣

۰Σʵ㣬ǣ
˵תͷ˽ǳĿһֱûƿڵŽǳڻش

ڵյʱýо˷ѹǾȵǣ֪ΪΣڵϵ˱ʽǳ

˵ܳ谮𣿽տƺǡ

֪ǰⳡǺڵһǵ÷Խǳ˲¼ɣԲŻһֱʡˣԽ̬ȱ˵ǳ谮ˣֱ˵Ͽ

ǳδôĻܸоԷѾڼˣĵķŭûסǳΪλֳ˷̬ȡ

ش𡣡
ǳ֮ʣȴڳ˶յǹȻһǳܸоȴǰǿЩֻôһЩгҲЩȡ

һѷסɫЩġ
ǳҲЩˣû뵽ʱ춯

ãȻȫ֪ʲô
šüŽǳ쵽ǳɫЩ԰ףЩš

ָҡ
ǳһ𲻵ֵݹס֣濪ʼ̽ǳǹ

ǳЩţǰ㡣
ȴֻסǹſ˽ǳ

ٿЩߣںķ潭ˣ

ǲˣ֮ڰ
Է谮ǸţǼٵġ

ֻ۵˼һֱڽǳϣȫûġ

벻ͨΪʲôŷ߶ʱԸоһǳȻûǹų

ǳ֪ܲڣܴġ

˵ǰΪҵԼǳѾ֪𶼱ˣΪλҪǹ

ʵ벻ףԽԽòԾ




18.  ֧   Ψ̡

ǳһ, ǽŵյʱɢˡ

ǰȻֹ˼
Ψ̲סƳǳĿɻ̽

ǳ͵͵𣬼ɫԻû׷, ֪ʱǱܹȥˡ, ȴҲʲô˵, 侲֮ҲʶŹͱˡ

лҪʽǳ, еʱ, Ҳһĳ׷ʡħⶫ뵽, ֪뵽ʲôһ۽ǳ, ĬĬԼ

ǳ񣬱֪¶̫ˡ
Щ, ֻôºܶϣ÷֪

ƫƫڵ£Ƿڮۣ
ǳڵĿֳһĨ⡣

ȻڵҲʹ죬ɴ˭Ҳù
, ǳͻȻڵڿ˵˵ҹ˰ɣ

ڵԭҹĻⱻˣаңû뵽ǳٴ

԰ԱߵԸæųڵŻû˵أ㽫ħҹ, Ǻξģ

עʱ˻ٴο˺ڵ
ڵнп಻ɫҲʮѿ

ԭԴ²δֳ̫ȤķҲ̧ۿڵ, ˵ҹ飬û𣿡

һڣѹǱѰ

ڵ񲻸תͷһԱŵڵҹǴˮŪģҲ֪ħͷδָգĿȴ

Ҳţڵֶ˭֪㳯Իӵʱ򣬿û˵Ҫô飬Ҫͷˮ

ҵ֮δϸǳȻǳڵ
ֵ˷ǰڵ֪Լǲϴɣֻ´ºˣȻҴ⣬ҲҪˮ

Ǻǣ˵ǾǣЦһ
ڵһʱҲ˵Ļˡ

ʹ˽֣ڵ㶼ǣǲħҹ飬кħɣƫƫ˭Ҳûнһ֤ݡ

ǳźڵ㣬Ŀʮָӣħǰ˵Ļ

ǳǸʱʹħΪҪȥħûлش⣬ֻ˵ԶԶûнһ̣ǳʶħ⻰ʲô˼

ԭΪʹ˽ͬû뵽һĻˡ

ΪڳеڷǰΡɺȻ֮䣬ȴӿһ˿ֻЩ춯ԣƬ֮ȴԽԽŨңȻ

Ƿһġ

Ǹ꣬ʴˮе䵭롣ֻ˿ȴҲûǰǵȻģſǰİϣһԽԽԵĺ⣬Ҳʮ.ҡ

ԼϵԴԴͷ˳

ĿмãȻ𾪣Ȼ㲻ǷʲôɽǳȴšüͷֻⷴӦϤǡȶ֮ʱķӦ

ֹǽǳ쵽ʲôڳİ׺׺۶¶˾ȵ顣
ΪǵҲǳʱӣ磬ֱּһģһ

׺׷Ӧܿ죬ʾһ䣬ԸСȥ
ɫ죬еıżζеã

׺׸ųȥˣƬ̺˵˾ʲô
ǳýеġȶ֡

Ҳȶ
һʱ򶾷ˡ

ȶ֮´ǰһֱһһ㿨ڽǳ֪ºܼ֣ȴ˲Ըȥ롣ɽͻȻڿѽǳһ㣬ǳ˼ָͬܵǱ

׺׽˹һõסǳ֪ǳʲô˼ȥΡЩܸоǴǵòο壬ܿͻŲסġ

׺״סǳͷ˹
ǳĿ΢̲סʵˣ

ͬħ׽Եûⶾ׺׵
ô죿ǳһ˿ʵ

ڽǳ׺ʹ󣬼ʶ࣬ƺǺܿɿ
ɰ׺ȻûˣҡҡͷûķӣħѾˡ

ֻ·һǳʵ
Ҳǡ׺׿ڵ

ǳԵȼһ˿ϣʵʲô취
׺̾˿̧˸еĶ

ˣɱһ׺׵
˵ֿ˽ǳһۣ

ǰħȡľ.֮󣬶õӡ
ҪҲֻһ취

ǳԶĵطа
Ҳ˵δֻ·ѡ

Ҫô۰ⶾҪô
Լ




19.  ֧   ֻҪһ뵽¡

Լ, ǳǿ϶ġ
ҪϵʲôҲôҪĶ

ۼ磽ȶ
ǳֻҪһ뵽£ŭӿ

ҹļٴθԺǳЩ쵰о, Լҹϸ, ͷ̲ס⡣

쵰
ǳŬԼȥ, еķȴ˿

ףصδȥ, ʱڹס

ǳϲ, һд󲿷ʱ䶼
С˸絹ǲӷ, ͷ̽һĶ򣬶ǳ˵

ǲ뿪, ʵſЦС˸رߵ֦ͷϳǳˮһߣô, ƺöͿǲ˳ˡ

ǳššüÿɷ
ϸ˵塢ˮ壬˴֮С

֮˭˭ǳ̬Ҳˮߡ
ֻųĻ

Ƕô˵㣿ǳʵ
˵Լ֪ܺħ׽, Żȶ⾳áС˸Ǽ𣬻˵

ǳƳʵ˵ʲô
˵Եⲻȶ, ǵҲԴͣ㡣С˸

ǳɫȻһݣС˸粻ӣоĿࡣ

ˮҲû̫Ľ, ǳûκνΪǳԼҲȶ˼ͬĸо

֪Լϵȶˣһζ֮ʱһľЩбѻ

׻ʳʲôǳֿʵ
ûСС˸׻ȥΣˣͲȥˡ

ǳ
ʱˣ׺ͷǼɻࡣ

ǳ˼Ƭ̣ȥһۡ
㲻ˣС˸ųʵ

ǳһЦڵнŻǿ.Ҫ˲ɣ
С˸Բסզ࣬ڽǳϸȥʱס

ǴɺʢǳԶܸоѾӽ˱ıԵ
סͷΧ˿ֵ壬ǳ˷׷׺濴

ǳšüɨһۣ϶͸ż/Ŀ⣬ҲЩ.¡

˵ȶ֮ͦ־õģԣ԰ǣߣԸԸǿǡǳЦ

ڳЩ󲿷ֲûͬ׽Ⱥãοǳ˼ȥǣֱףܵ˼һ㣬յԼôȥԣ

ǽûȤһӶˡС˸ſڽǳϣٻصҪǸɴ໥æˣ֡

ɫ࣬ȴҲҺͽǳͻ
ǰϣԽǳ̬ǶǼģҪڹ˽ǳڵ

һ򲽽²ǹ˼ŷҲǽǳĶ֡
֮ǰڵѾȡˣǲɵԷ

ǲƬ̣ͷֵɢ˴롣
ǳۿ뿪Ჽס

һţԺ㻯ԺеʶѾЩˡǳĿֻٴɨһۣԦժһƬеĿҶϡ

ҡۿŽǳƾҪǳˡ
ǳû˫Ȼڿ˸ߴ֦ϡ

㿴˫Ŀͨ죬ҲǺ⡣
ǳĿȴ˿ûв顣

ɱҰɣ㡣ʶԻָ˰ſڳرߣǳ
ûж˵ʲôǳȴ֪ʲôֻʹҲ

ǳ̧Ԧлû˰ɫУһ֣зɳĿڡ
ۼзȴʶһ㣬һֵ˳رϡ

㲻ҲҰˡǳڵ
ɫԱ䣬ޣ̬Ǳѡ

ҲˣҺܡĲ޺
ǳջУֻһ취Լѡɡ

㵱Ȼ֪ǳ˵ʲôӣǰ׺Ѿ˵һˡ
ֻ㣬ľҪİ

Ҫʧȥ
ѡһ㣬ȻҲд𰸣ֻǳٳ¶İˡ

ſڳرʹ˰ΣȶһϮֿʼ졣ʹشһֳһɫۻɵ뵶Լ/»ȥ

Ȼ뵶˰;ȴٳ䲻ȥ
ǳ̾˿һŽԼԱߵС˸

С˸ųڳرߣģ
̧ۿС˸磬ǱȶӰȾϵ롣

С˸ʶ¿ˮæܿ
ֽ̧뵶ݸڵҡ

ԼȻ¶˾ģȴʵ²֡
С˸ԥΣӹ뵶

Ҳţ鼫Ϊʹࡣ
С˸в̣ǰס嵲סߣ䡭

һʹԺҵڽ
ǳ֦ϿһĻвȻ

Ծ̧Ԧˡ
Ƭ֮ɫԺתЩֻʮǰܡ

ҲȾȶǳڵ
һЩȵؿǳ

뽭ǳһ֮Եǳǿվڷߵĸ߽״÷ķˡƹĽҲһȾȶ

ǣǳὫЩ

ԱߵС˸ҲЩȣҽɻ𣬽ô

ôᡭ㿴Žǳһţʹ඼𾪳嵭Щ
ǳħ֡

Ա㷴Ӧ˹ħҹǴ˽ǳһֲýǳС

ħǱɱģȴ˽ᡣǳӸµؿ㣬ʵ߱Ϊʲô㣿

ǰϣ㻹ͺڵ絽ħǺʱҹ顣
ֱȶ±ûǳһʡˣҲͬϻ

֪ǳȶ֮ǰԵõЩοֻ߾Щ飬ľת䡣Цһûټرܻ⡣

ΪµȥˮѰӡ㿪ڵ
ݵȷÿÿ.żڱϲȥѰЩЩƯС

ħֻҪκһ˳

Ǳҵξ˵ҡ
ʲô˵㣿ǳʵ

̧ͷǳӦ
ǳһĿżɻû뵽뾹˼򵥡

Ǹ߽״Ȼһ˵жҪ㿪ڵ߹󣬿ɣҲĵطȥˮ󲿷һҪˮ

ǳԲÿɷԼ˵ǿˮ壬뿪ˮԴ̫ãͻܵġˮˮԴĸ߶ֻƫһ磬ûȥ硣

ͨΪ𣿡ǳʵġ
š⽻ףҲл󡣡

֮⣬ħ֮ǰԶ񣬻û취뿪ˮ̫áֱ֮󣬲½ȥɡ

ǳ˿ʵʲô
ξﲻ˵©죬˵һʲôҲֻ֪֪ǶǷġ

ħŻѡ˷ûгصʱ
ֻϧ֪ʲôʣħǰ¶ݣűǳǰˡ

ǳƬ̣ûټ׷ʲôӣħκʲô֪򲻿ܴʱ

ɼħ㲢δģȻܽҪϢ

ǳûסܿ뿪ˡ
С˸ڳ󣬿ڵմȶ֮ô죿

ǳʹ뽫
С˸ȴ磬δǳı仯ڵҿûʹ˽ⶾɣôһȥҲˡ

˵嶼мǿ
仰˵Ƕһնˣɾĳˡ

С˸һǳһס˲ӡ
£һſŽǳĿž֡

ǳƳһۣ֣С˸֪ˣʵʵڽǳͷû֨

ڣһѹڵڣϴŹе⡣
ǰԶɫǿֻ۵׳ŵĨЦⲻˣԵñƽ˼С

𲢲֪󡣡俪ڡ
Ҳǵһˣ𲻱ؾȡ۵

Ŀһͣܿ⻰һ˼ǵһǾǵڶΣչصʱ

㽫˹󣿡˼֡
۵ײԳЩЦ⣬ĿЩصǡ

ǽǳԼȥġ
ȥ󣬱ҵ

֪뵽ʲôڵ㲻
ʳԵģҲѰҴ۵˵ˣҲһӡ

šüʵΪβɣ
⻰Լ˿ѹ˫Ŀ̹Ȼ

ֳŭ̫ãûǰ⸱̬ۿ˰Σ֪뵽ʲôĿ⵱Щڵʲôѵ

һЦһ㣬ʵȵʲô¶ѹῴһۡ

ۣǱһ㣬ϵʱͷųѹ˫ֳһһһ㡣

ʱ⣬ʱǹһ޴ĺɫһ㡣СĿһĻ͵Щˮǵһμŭⳡŵˡ

ˡС
˭ͷǽɣʵ

Ǹ񡣡
ʹˣ

йڣ
û˵Ȼˡ

˽ڴڵΡ

ڡ
ۿŷ𣬲ûη壬ǰһҲڣֻע

Ŀдŭ⣬ȴʼû۶֡
Ƭ̺󣬷ڽԼѹ

ߵ̫𿪿ڣ˲١
Ǹο²ˡ

Ŀһݣۡ
ֵˣԵҪȥԡֹҲһ

ĿȻӿֳһ˿ɱ⡣
ôһ̣ĺͷųֱӽˡ

㵱ñ𲻻ɱ㣿ʵ
̯ۣ˼Ϥ㡱

о棬ŭԽԽʢ

ڣС˸żæŵشȥһ֡
ǳδָƽçײҪߡ

С˸æˣˣˡ
ص㡣ǳڵ

С˸ʹ˽еǲ֪˵ʲôʹǵŭ㽫ˡ

ǳȻûᳯķȥûüС˸Ļꡣ

ǳδڲԶһǳϪϿۡ
Ϫߣһۣ޳ԶԶȥۡ

ǳЩӡ
ϴηֱ֮ǵһμ档

Ҳ˵Դ֪Լⶾ󣬻ǵһôԶԷⲻЩΡ

ôŸϹǵұɣ۱Žǳڵ
ǳ󼸲֮⣬Щţʵ㳯˵ʲô

Цһʵô۸𣿡
ǳ˿ڵҺܺãֳһ㡣

أʵ
Ҿ縸ǳ

۳Ĭ˰ΣͻȻתǳڵҾ
ǳȻ۵Ŀ⣬ʶһ˲־Щ⣬ת˻

޹ءǳ
ԲɿЦĿȴڽǳϡ

ǳָһڵ㡭ûͬ˵
˵ʲôüŽǳʵ

ǳһ죬ڵǼ¡
ļ£ʡ

ǳĿȾһ˿⣬ǶƵĳǰ˼һһٵصȶ飬ҹ飬㽫ѹ.ڡ

û˵۴˽ǳڵ
ǳԺ˿֮࣬űⶼ˼֡

Ϊʲôô֪ʵ
ʲôµġǳЩؿڣתҪߡ

ۿıӰڽס
ǳסŲȴû

۵ΪʲôԸ˺ԼҲࣿ

˵ǽǳȶûн⿪飬ǰ֪ȶᷴÿһηֻҵһ磽֮æⶾҲ˵ǳٴζʱֻܰｭǳⶾ

ɽǳû£ڴ֮Ȼػ˹
һˣǳ´ζʱһĽ

ԸҲԸⶾšüͷʵ
ǳûлͷܿƬˡ

㲻ҲԸѡ˺ԼҪ𣿡ǳ
һԼǰھǳǳ顣

ɱҡ۵
ü¡ǳ˵Ჽˡ

ıӰ̲סһ˿Ц⡣
ЩڿҪɱȴòҿ

ðķգ͵͵Լڡ

ǳ뿪˺ߣա
ĿĲ״ԭѾЩҡˡ

Ǳôһֺ̼޲øɴһ˸ɾǸ쵰óѣ
ǳԽԽʵúˣС˸ȥ׺ȥЩ

ﶼоƣǳǰһֱĶȥ壬˾ƵĺζͦȡԽձԺȵƻһԼ顣

ôãǳȾû·
ȲҪ¾ƲˣҲ֪ǳཹོ¶ǣûһˡ

ǳſԺеİǰԺ˸Ρ
εǻ쵰ģ

ǳǰǱ쵰лú͹ԷӣеüЩĹһ

μãò޿ޡ

һϮɫëûһԣһΪſڳرߣڷɢӳĵ÷ɫǰ𪡣

ǳͻȻһ󵨵뷨

ǳתͷǳһЦ
ǳĿӢϣƣ̲ס˸ʵĶ

롭롭ǳߵһ˿ϡ
ĿĨϤЦ⣬յǳ˵˾ʲô

ۺдϢڽǳϣǵýǳ˼ġ
ǽǳûüǻش𣬱ˡ

ǳſڰһԺл֮ȥſڳرߵıӰ
˰νǳƽȻҪʱȴһ٣šüͷ·һѡ

Ȼ
ǳһ죬ЩΡ

γֵ֣Ǹۡ
ǳԷ꣬漴ǳ

еۿϲ
ܴӦԼҪ󣬺ҲǲС




20.  ֧   ҡ

ͷֻڽǳԺһ, 㱻ǿѹˡ
ɲ֪Ϊʲôͷǳ˽Ƶģ䲻ٴðýǳһն

ֹǰ, ǳҹζ㲻
Ȼһζûóѹ, ˳ģ, жԴ±Ҳôˡ

ˮˡС˸ɵ, ǳԺеʯǰ
ǳԿһ, ڵָˣ

Ż, ˮˡС˸
ˮˮеǳϪ, ˵ʳͣ

ǳ֪뵽ʲô, ״ʵأ
ʹ˺ûߣݺҲûߡС˸

ǳĿ⸴ӣҲ֪ʲô
С˸յߣСʵôģ

ʲôǳʵ
ǸС˸ֻһ˸߰ʾĶ

ǳ֪˵ȶһ, ξûգͻȻʲôƵģС˸ҼСȥĿⷿ￴ʲôö, ҳ

С˸ãȻʲôöҪʲô
ô㲻ضʡǳ

С˸æȥк˼ֻСΰⷿĶһһ˳

ǳϸϸˣ۰ⶾ
Ȼ, һνⶾķҪһ

ǳԼһǹˣܴܲӦǳȴûס
ԽǳԼóȻȥᣬһֱ̫ӣһڻؾˣǺΣ

ֱᣬǾ͵ίһЩ
ǳ˼ǰ󣬾ÿЧһżķʽҵö͸Է

ϾڵԵż֪ȥѰһϺõҹ顣Ȼҹǳ˲鷳ҲóڵǻһС˼ġ

ǳ룬ڵ֪ҹֺã廤ܲԵ̫Сˡ

ˡС˸ָָСԺӵĶǳ
ǳĿЩϣԽԽûһĶ

û𣿡ǳʵ
˰С˸ĿɨһѶһöȵڵҹ鲻֪˶ٱӳǳҪ˭ɣõó֡

ǳššü̫ףϡ
ⷨأС˸һʵ

󡣡ǳ
񲻴ɫƯС˸һ

ǳҡҡͷڵ߰ɣˡ
С˸Եϲǿ񴧵Լ

ǳЩǱģԼЩȤ֮󼸺ûڿⷿҲҡ

Ҫ͸˭С˸ʵ
ǳһۣ֪뵽ʲôЩ졣

С˸˵ҲģβԷϲʲôȱʲôͶãûġ

ǳЩδ͹С˸һѾʮе
ֻӡۺûرϲĶƫƫȥʡ

ȻϲģǾӦ͵õóֵġ

ԥ˰ΣǳȥҰ׺ͷʡ
׺ͷʹﱦ࣬Ӧвٺö

ϲʲôԼıǡ׺׻ǵһμǳԼҪʮֺ棬뿴Ǵʲô

ǳڰ׺ͷסһȦǱ龹ʲôҲûϡ
׺һΣЦʣʲôı

ǳ룬ڵõóֵġ
׺׿һԼסĿıĵҲһϰɣ۹治һް

Ҫ͸˭أ׺ʡ
ǳ̾˿ŤŤڵ

˭׺һʱûӦ
ǳһ죬鲻Ը˵һ飺Ǹ塣

׺׻Ȼ˲ʲô
϶Ц⣬ǳҵһȡ

׺˵սңû֮һݡ
ǳһ˵ҲǸϡˡ

ǧݶǺĶݸǲ˵
ǳû뵽׺ô󷽣ѹ׵Ķó

ʹشݣӦָܱ.ųɡ׺׿ڵ
ǳӹݣвһǸۣԷͻָ룬ʱԼδܴùԷˡ

ϴ۰ⶾʱѹơ
ǳݣȴΪɡ

ʲôǣ׺ʵ
ûСǳպã׺׵л

׺ЦŽǳƺΪο
֪ǳ˾ٶΪ˳ʾãζٲĽǳڵȶˡ

׻ǳסŲʵ㿴ڵȶһηʲôʱ򣿡
׺룬ڵӦù˶ˣӣħ֮ǰеȶȻѾˣ⡭ҲȲ̫ˡ

ǳԵ˵ͷ֪뵽ʲô΢΢һ졣

ܲٸһǧݣǳʵ
׺׵˵ͷȥȡһǧݸ

ǳǵôǰС˸ŵҪŪһݣκͷϵͺëǷ˰׺飬һһҲûԱҪһꡣ

С˸ͷϵŽǳæŷɹȥ
ǳݺ˫۵ʱЩŹ⣬޲ֱȥˡ

̫ͣܲסݵҲֻܿѡ

׺֮ǰȥűɸʲôôǳʵġ
С˸Ա֪׺ڽǳǰԼҲټѣæǰ׻вȥģǲȥҪѵңҲû취

С˸绰û˵꣬ǰһɫĹâʶһץһǧݡ

С˸æŽǳͷС֨һ߿ϲһȴЩţû뵽ǳǵûҪݡ

ǳƳһۣĿȷʵûŭ⡣
С˸ȷŽǳûЩҪ޳

۵ǻ磬ͺëˣýݸǳڵ

ǳӰ׺׿е֪С˸һݵʱͦƵģĵôԴϵͺëûŻȻС˸ֻԼûá

ǰЩС˸ʧٹһʱ䣬۱ֵĹ£ǳµࡣ

׺С˸ȥۣ˵̫û;棬С˸㽫Լò׵ǧݸۡ

һˣȶûӽ⡣С˸糯ǳ
ǳû˵ʲôС˸òס˼ֽ͵ʵڲУͷ뷨³

ǳ
⵹ǲء

ǳɲϣԼҪԷæ磽ʱһ

Ȼǳֻǽⶾû˿ǣһʬ磽ȶҲЩңϴνⶾʱ۳˵ЩӵĻЩ۸飬Ƕۼء

ȫ̶ţǳܽЩһһԷ

С˸Žǳ
һˣٸˣͺëһӰɡǳ˵ͷҲصˡ

С˸籧ݺ޲ôһ
ҹζ࣬Ԧǿǧݵˡ

С˸һһ߼̲סʣڲüͺëˡ

ǳݻ
ݷõĴһʱ֪òý͸ۡ

Ϊֺۣݵķǹġ
һݣ᲻Ὣⶾʱֹʼʩ

ʱǳҲ򲻹ֻʩΪ
ǳԥֻʮַꡣ

ʱС˸ͷų˽

С˸缤ڵǳߣԴʵ㿴Դϵëǲǳˣ

ǳһС˸ԴϵëĳЩ
Ȼǿëͺͺģϸȥëһ㣬ǰȷʵÿ˵㡣

ֻôһ㣿ǳʵ
ûôġС˸

ȽǳڣֵˣſСȥһ
ǳ￩һ£ˡ

ǰϻûĻǱﲻסˣҪʸ

ǳȥֻһϮĺŲôϡǳ飬һԷǲЩš

֪Ϊ°ɣʵ
ǳǿװ򶨣ڵΪħһ°ɣ

û뵽ôɴ࣬ڵȻˣԼ˵ɡ
ǳ˿ҡȥʹˣ˵ħȥæǱΪһ

ǳȻ֪վ㲻һ£δֱ˵Լȶһ¡ȳ˵ǷŻһ̹Լ顣

û뵽ɫȻһ䣬ʵʲô
ʲôħûиֻ˵Ƕġǳ

һȻ뿪˴
ҴȥԼ޹һ磬һҡ

һ򣬹ͷųһмƺǹһֻǶڵסˣС

˿ͷּһ硣
Ƭ̺ٴλص˴ǳɵ

ȷʵ޹𿪿ڵ
غңȷ϶ڱδ룬ϸһȦŷǽ类ƻֻԷ˵ԵʣԽ粢δʵʵˡ

ûҴ޹ƻֻħ
ǳʮ⣬û뵽ħش󣬵һ²ܶȥ޹

ʱҶע˺еħϣҲ⵽
ҿĽףǶֻ¾Ҫˡ

ʲôħ˲ҲҪõǳʵ
ššüܿ˽ǳĿ⣬㲻֪

ǳһڵԽˡ
Ҫ˵ʲôȴסˣֻԵüΪꡣ

ã𳯽ǳ˰֣˼ˡ
ǳʮ־ȣû뵽׷ʱ顣

֮󣬽ǳɻ

ħҪ͵ߵľʲô÷⡣
ҷǱŵ򲻻ҽǳʻĿĶˡ

ǳһԼ˴£һЩܾħҪ͵ǶǱѰϧԸ֪Ҳ׷ʡ

ĳСԺ
ſϣڵٲҶӶʶˡ

˵֮ǰѾСǲʲôΣաЩֲס˼տʼʹߴۻؾǡ

۶߶δţԺŸ˵ľƱڵ˭

ʹˣС˸ųȴûлΡ
ǳԴ԰һԼͷ³ëżձȥˣû˵仰ˡ

ŭ𣿡ʵ
ûУҲǱˡС˸

˼ܾﲻԾ
ǰסȥʽǳ

Ǳתע

бı֣ʵ
Ӱ׻ŪһݡС˸ص

һû˵
ǳǸ߽״òݡ

ȴ˭õģ˼׵ףһõǾش

ݣǸҪģʵ
С˸練Ӧ˷ܣʵͨˣҪⶾ

С˸統˿Ϊ˽ȶǲģ׳Լǧݣۡܡ

㹦򲻸ͨˡ
ȴûֻ¶һ˼顣

ڡ
ǳڶݷ

С˸һγ˽żֻš

ˡС˸
ǳûȻϰһһէɡ

ʹ˴ˡС˸
ǳһüͷš

۾Ȼˡ
ò׳˵Լ֮ˣ

ǳһգûЩա
Ȼ֪ûΪ£ɵ֪ԷкһˣǳЩʧ˴֮

¿徻ˡС˸翪ڵʹһߣڵǺҲˣֻʣԼˡ

˵ڵǽˣǳʵ
С˸˵ͷ԰ǰ뿪Ĺ󡣡

ǳĿһݣȻʶʲô
ֲһֱûߣԭڵһء

С˸綢ŽǳЩš
ǳ˰Σȴûж

κ󣬽ǳͻȻڵﱾҼÿѡ
С˸һԻ󣬰ʱˣôÿʲô

⡣
ۺ뿪ûãͱֻ߰Χסˡ

ͷʧЦΪǶأֻ߰͸ǵ·
һ䣬Զ㴫һгӰ

Ӱȳ׷ػΣΧסʮֻ

ûˣδ˵ǣԱǿԵġ·С˸ǧݣҲָɣϡ

ҲͻΧġ

ǰǷǵһʹ˵Ĺڣһ˰ɡΪ׵ĺڵ񿪿ڵ

ϴƽӣǳ֮ˡ
ȻĿ÷غ磬ԼɵЩҲʶҿû°߽ǳֻ²ǡ

ݿɲΪ˸мۣ߳ŭŭ㵽ͷϡ
ǲһ廹ǵģǺͷԸ塣

ջ᲻Ầң۶ߵ
ڹģǿ϶Źġ۵

һۣڵǴһܡ
㡣˵ȻԱڿԾԱߵĺë

ëû뵽۾ͻȻϮӦ㱻ҧס˺ԱóԣԸ˵صݣֱ練ơ

ëһҧסԭƴڳȻʣɣֻҪҧס˲ɿڣëҲѲá

ݶⳡһӦ֮׷Ԧ׼Ϯ
ȴ˫Ŀֳһҧ˺ë񲱾

漴ۻΣݣǻմʵѪ
Ȼ֪ȴϵɱסһʱ侹Ҳǰ

ڵ񣬽֮£˶ϰɡۿڵ

ڵ˵ֻÿڵ˶ϣ
̧ĨһǵѪЦ׷󽭻ɣ֪ңԹҡϧ´ݣҲܵóѡ

ƨڵŭǳʱˣ
ʧЦڵң㼱ˣ

ڵ񱾾ͲԴǣŭӿȷһ䡣
ôһڣڱУǳ۱Ļ

ǿԹһ¡

һֻë񣬾Ϳŭͬ壬ȻԹûʵɴܵƽ°߽ʵ˵Ĳ𣿡

ڵֱĪеָͷƤ飬ŭƨ
һԵ˺ڵƽԽǳľٶʱɻ

ۼҲۣ֪ԽΪ谮ֶģȴͬɱҡûˣͬʲô𣿡

ƨڵŭϹ˵ǳôܿһ塣
һ壬ѵ㣿Ц

һڵգȥͷۡ
Ȼʱһ׹źڵڵҽһһֻˡ

ͬʱǳأΡ
ܾˡǳƳһǱصĺڵͷųѹʱڳͷһʶԼ

ǳһϮۣڷͷϵķǾѡӣһ䡣

վԼǰģһֱ̬
ⳡ֪ΪΣ뵽񳯴ż

ۣ




21.  ֧   ҿɴû

ۡʴʡʱ, ΧݻŽɡ
Ͼڵ񶼿ϣôῴ塣

ǳôͻȻֱ֣ն˺ڵ̬߳ѾԲˡǺ֪, ٿǳ, еǷ

ģ
ΪҪʱά

ڵſڵϲס, һ˫۾ŭؿǳ, Ǻ޲񽫽ǳ˺顣
һƽʱ, ;ýǳ岻ɲ, տġ

һ˫۾ŽǳĿͰա
ݺͿȸ, ǳΪʲôỤһ塣

ڵ, ֪ױ˲֪٣ҲɾȲԼֻϧڽǳʲô㲻ϣǳһ񶼲Ը

ɡǳĿɨһݡ
ǲԼͬЩתˡ

鱩, ±ͳ嶯˷ɱۣ붼ǺڵɿĽϴƽ뽭ǳĳͻƺҲЩûҪ

غʢ, 򲻸εġ
ΪһｭǳԼǳķˣô붼㡣

ʼٸߺڵѾˣǸټȥ
ǾôˣҲû˵ĺڵ, Ǻëʬ嶪ˡ

ڵݺݿ˽ǳһۡ
һֻû취ٷɣֻܵײײצߣǱӰȥʮǱ

ݶ֮󣬱ֻʣǳۺ
ʵʵſڵϲ۾涢Žǳ

۸Ҫڣ̲סҿһ弸վס
ǳһסƿǽ˻һ㡣

ǳۣĿǣͷմһĨδɾѪӳĵԽ԰ףżֲ̬С

ô˵һߡǳڣɴżֹе䡣
ȴᣬ̧۴һĨ۲һĨѪ

ۣ
Ҫʲô

ȻѾ׼֪ǳ˳ͨˣԼⶾԽǳ˽⣬ⶾǳҲ̬Ȱ

ᣬҪ̲סɽǳǱ˭ᡣ

㻰ءǳüͷһšʵ
ǳЩͷȷǰȷʵǽǳûˡ

ֻʱģͷƢǳ̬

ûߣֻ½һؾǡ۳ǳ͵
ǳĶûн⣬ܶ½ǳܡ

һԵԽӲʹ˼һֱû뿪ϵǲģԼȥһ̡

ڵԵȻۣҲ壬ºڵ֮ĶԹǨŭʱ飬ɾ鷳ˡ˵лмС۲ܲ˼İΣ

ǳֿһۣЩӣ֪ʲô

Ƭ̺󣬽ǳڵûҪٻˣôĵط
һѵԼ´ˣ

ΪǳѾͨˣⶾ
ôǳȴڸߣ

ˣġۿڣ˵һȴǳˡ
ǳǻؾǡ

ʮ־ȣû뵽ǳľ
ǰûܣýǳҲӦġ

ǳ·
˷ǸԼ뿪󣬷Ǳ߸ν

ͷ£ԶһӰŷС˸硣
С˸ڽǳϣڵ𡭡ˡ

æǳĵǳؿ߲ˡ

Ȼǳȴȣֻһ۹ķ򣬿ڵ߰ɡ
˵ջû˫۴ᱧɿڿն

ʶ§סǳʵ͵ܳģ
ǳ׿ûлش⣬ǿڵˡ

һ䣬ᳯžǵķȥ
ۿǰĽǳֻɻ󣬰ǳյôˣ

ֵֹ̬ȾͲ˵ˣվ᲻˷ŭ˽뿪󡭡

۲붼֪϶ᱻ

ڡ
ҤΧźɫѹС

׺һͷ亹СЦ²ǿ𡣡
ǿ⣿ȶֻ֪б֪⻹п

ԽԽ֪ǽսǳ뿪˹ֻ´ҪڹƴӵĽǳѣ𡭡ֱд

׺æ˵ӡ
ءôرģ˶֪Ψڱǰ֪Ҫˣ

𼸺Ҫˣǰ֪ħʱбͷǳ̹ܶסǳֲֻᣬֻûд¡

Ȼ֪ǳȶⶾǸ壬ܲ

ǳȶ֮ʱԼڱչأýǳĿࡣ
ǸմȾ˽ǳķʽ

ǳڵҲ֪˭ˡĻ쵰մȾǳҲͰˣԼǿڽǳڣֱǸ

޲ھ׷󣬽ʬΡ
ƫƫǳȶδȫɱ۱ں˽ǳ

ԽԽ׺׶ֱӡ

Ƕץ
𣡡׺׿ڵ򲻿ɣɱۣǶɾ鷳ˡ

ץڹ֮Уǳڵȶ׽ˣɱۡ

⡭׺׿ڵʹð
ʲôʹãץѵɽǳͷܿ𣿡

׺æ֮Ի뿪ǽץ潭ⶾʱҪƤӵ£ȻǲģƤôһƢⶾˣ鷳

Բ뵽潭ǳⶾĳĿɱ⾡ԡ
ã԰סǹŭۣҪʬΡ

ǡ׺æʱֻ²֣ҲȽɱˡ
ɫԻЩ֪ǳۣ˷۽ⶾֻǱƲѣǳеίŭȻ

ָۣ
ֽĥķĽݵԣƽЩŭ

ǣƽ
ǳһ뿪ʱۼǿһ룬ȴѾˡ

½ҰæӺõġۼǳǿ㿪ڵ
ԺеֻԭԿҶǳ֮㳯߱˼Ŀһֱ󿴡

ۿڵС˸硣
ǳһû뵽ֻӻͦԡ

С˸ȥˣδ

һֱ̲סǳ뿪ʲôЩҡ
һʱò׼ǳ˼Լвְѽǳëˡ

ǳ̫ŤҪⶾˣǿɾ鷳ˡ
ˣ۾ԼҪ䣬ȿǳʲô㡣

𣿡ǳۣʵ
ⱲӶûǳôػֻûڣһ̽ǳͻữͱǿһЦе㡣

ǳϣִϣͷΪˡ
ܳؿŽǳ̧̧ȥǳȴ˻

Ǹ㡭Ƭ̺ɫԺתЩǳջ֡
û˼۵۾Ŀ޳ָϡ

۵ֹǽڷȽǳԴһЩ
ǳֻΨһӡǣͦɣҹУֿûš

ôСʵ
ûʲôǳĿ۵ƿԼϡ

ǳðΣü뿪ڳ˵öԷΪⶾȴֳٳû˵ڡŤ˺ð죬ֱ۶ȵÿ˯ˣҲû֡

ǳⱲӾû˭׽Ψһһξϴ۰ⶾ
żʵڸһȴ޾顣

֪Լ۰æⶾֻΪ˻Ե֮׽һ仰˵˼ǶĽڵĹϵⶥһֽס

Ȼǽף˵ֻҪں̸ֱǡ
ɽǳȴЩǸĵ̫Įˡ

۽ҪǸģΪһϵȫ˼۵ĸܣЩֻ˷йԼ/к

ϴþͺܲ˼ĸܣºܵòӰýǳ޲ýŪλ䵽˽ǳͷϣǳԼ˵Ҳñһ㡣

Ƿ飬ֻĸԸ˫ˣ²Ǳ˴˲ǷºôҪֹǳû˼ʱѡ

ǳԽԽ鸴ӣ̾˿
ԭһô鷳鰡

鷳
ǳԼ¡

һԺĸԸΪⶾպ
õϵĶ׽ˣͺ۳׻ޣҲ

Թ壬

ҹǳԼΪⶾ׼һһһ
Ҫ۵ĶѾ׼ˣһݡ

Ϊ߸еҲˡ
񲻽ƯƯǰӢ۾Ӧûʲôİɣ

ǳƺ

ĳЩСԹ˵ĳĳֱЩʱ˿ûȤСⷽȡЦЩϵĸúãΪĶСĽѡ

ǳǰЩǲΪȻȴã׼
ϾΪⶾҲһأ˵Ҫöء

ǲ۳ͷֻ᲻Ը

ˣǳڶһȥһϴ״Ԫɺͺ֡
ǳ˼ˣصѡһзݡ

зζ̫أǳһű㱻Ѭ˳
С๫һÿ̲סǰк

ǳ̣żͶʾãٳԷչʾԼɴûôһ˵ĹءǳŵˣǵüС๫Խ˶Ū˼ĵǰ

ǳͷųѹ
ϧǰ⼸壬ѹܲѹǸӶÿģһƾҪꡣ

ǳûӣתȾܣⱲӶûôǱ
һһĵ۲Ϊ˽ⶾҲ᲻Ȥġ

ͻȻһỽ
ǳ̧ͷ״Ԫ

ֻؾˣ״Ԫɼǳʮָˣڵ壬£ȥ￪һ

ǳٴμ״ԪɣҲЩˡ
뵽ԼúȶᷢҲζţ״Ԫûÿɻˡ

ǡ
ǳ뵽³ֿ״Ԫɣһʱ֪òýⷨӸ

״ԪŽǳȥһҾ
ǳϴǺʵ֮ǰһǸأ

״ԪЦЦڵڹˡ
ŶǳЩ״Ԫϧо״ԪɻͦϲǺġ

û뵽״ԪֵסҸϡ
ŶǳӦһЩ⡣

¿һȪЩʱԼһȥһݣҪҪһͬȥ״Ԫɿʽǳ

ǳæ֣Լȥô¡
״ԪҲǿʵΪλӣ

ǳҸͷȥȴͻȻ״ԪЩϻͦоģҶԷͨ͸ܻ䣬Ա޵س״Ԫ˼Լ˼

ԭ볢»䣿״ԪɿڵҶˡ
״ԪɵӣԼЩдĵóǳһ

״ԪĸĲɣ˼̹˵飬Ҳ˿.˵üã

ⶫͺ״Ⱦǳ״Ԫôһ´ʣǾβҲࡣ

һ㡣ǳڵ˭ϣ
״ԪЦЦ

ģǳʵ
ҿͺãʲôĵġ״Ԫɵ

ǳ룬ʵǲΪ㻶ģ
࣬ˣ⵹ġ״Ԫɵ

ǳĬĬͷĵһ㻹ͦҪġ
۾ͲУǳԼ֣ôҲñǲŶ

ϰأǳ̡
״Ԫɵػǳн⻹ǵνɣ˭Ҳûһʼ츳ģдֻҪӳԶͻơ

ǳ뷽ЩС๫ʱЩ᲻Ȥ
״Ԫɼ״ʵ֮

ǵûСǳڵֻǲ֪˭ȥɡ
ۿ϶ǲʵģȥԣܺ׼ȥ

״Ԫɼǳ⸱飬Цǲҿɡ
ǳһھЩǺԼæɣɡ

״Ԫ̫ˣµȥ֣
һ뵽״ԪǺôͽȥܾòӦá

״Ԫɼ״ҲǿֵҪЩţ
ǳ룬ӵǿС

ǺǾϵģཻһ£ӦЩջ񣬵ʡȥɡĹ

ƽ
ÿն˯úܳ

ʱˣǳ֪ȥֻС˸ԱҶӶֻӡ

ʹˣС˸
һסԺһ硣 

ģǰ鷳С˸͵ʵ⣬ҿɴû˭ôĹ

Ե˵ͷżء

ǳе̫ˣǵûˣЩ
νΪЩ׮׮ǽǳģԽǳʲô





22.  ֧   㲻ϲ𣿡

ڼҴ˰, ܾЩ
ǵýǳϲ壬ھҲûʲôѣȥʲôأ

ôûȥ۳С˸ʵ
С˸˸Լڼңչ㡣

ĵǳΪʲôôԼ

С˸ƺ, ߵ, һصʹ, ҼҽЩԹѾȥ, Ȼ˾, ֪ɣ

ʲô⣿ʵ
С˸һ, ֻ˸˵Ķʵ𣿡

ۣ
е㶮, ֺر𶮡

û룬Ժű㱻˴, ǳһʳ˽
ۺС˸ĿڽǳϣǱ鶼ܾȡ

ֻǳʳߵʯǰ£ʳдͷóֻ㣬һֻն죬һֻӣм¾ƵСˡЩһһں, ֽȡ꣬˳һ̳Ƴ

Ǿ֮ǰ״Ԫ͵ģûꡣ

ʲôǳʯǰۺС˸ʵ
ӹǳݹĿ, ֿŽǳ˾ƣƱݵֱߡ

ǳԼľƱͬǾƱһ£ڵô±¶
ü, ɫӣǱһ

ȥһΪ˸ԵģС˸ʵ
ǳӦһһۣʵӸоһЩ𣿡

ȡ۱ôһʣЩǺš
ǳ̫⣬۶ǹֵĹػ̫ŨңԵòȻ

ǳæְıʩΪʣµĿ˻ȥһǵͨ졣

С˸գգۣŽǳǽǶȿԼֳ˸˵Ķ˼û˵ɣҼҽǸ˼

۱ǳչ˵ûڣ½ǳֶԼ꺮ůæʵʵһ㽭ǳȾƣҲ֨ǳ˰ֻ۹ԹԽӹʵʵˡ

ԡǳ˵ְ̧۲˲մϵա
ǳ޳ָЩ⣬ʱһֲʵĸо

ۿŽǳ彩ӲĿ΢˲ûζˡ
ǳˣʵԱˣ

۵˵ͷˡ
ǳ״ʵ𣿡

ҡҡͷò׼ǳ˼Լ˵۽ǳҪʲôæֵ˵ͷĽǳʵ̫ˣͱ£۵ٴУ˼ûһ̸ҷɵʱ

˽˯ɡǳ˵һۣǼƾҪ
ŵԱһڵҿԼߡ

ǳΣЩݵЦЦã㡣
˵ûǿַֻסû㡣

ǳ۷£ȴû뿪һְĿڣҪͷΪˡʵǱŪͷԣһֿסǳ󣬽ŵʵΪʲôôã

㲻ϲ𣿡ǳʵ
ϲǡ룬Ҳ

ǳЦˣЦȷŻҪº͡
ĿڽǳƯüϣЦеЩʧ

ǳЦĺÿü΢䣬ҲһǡôĻȡƽģֻЦʱ۾ŻݵؾЩ¶ȣ˻̲סһֳ嶯ҪයЦЦǵ¶þһЩ

ɽǳЦʱЦ⻹Զһ㣬ۼûټЦˡ
콭Ҳ֪ôˣƬ̹򣬾𽵹󡱳Цء

̫Ǵ߳ˣĵ

ǳڵ
ҿָ㲻غķ۵

ǳԵ˵ͷֳЦЦã㡣

ۣ
Цˣ

ǳۺúϢԼûԱߴš
һʣѹҲûϢһ綼Ϻ˼롣

ǳôˣѵǱȶĥʧǣ
񰡣ǺͿӡ

ֻԼԸⶾԲΥֺã
ӦðԼδڽⶾһΪѻǳǳڲᡣ

ԵʲôԭýǳԴأ
ԽԽãȻһʱ֮ͷ

ۿ˻ƻ֮ʱǳֶԳš
ٳǰǳС˸Ҫúտۡ

һֱû˯ţǳŵĶ̽ͷ

С˸ʣµնڿУ۳ʵаֻأ𣿡

ۿһſڵķʵȥĶˣ
˵ǳȥԵģһͻС˸

üͷһšûô򵥡

ֲˣԶ²Ϊ˹Ҫͨһѭһ͵ĹɡοǳҲôĶ۾ûʲôֻЩơ

Խǳ˵Եģ۾òš
ˣһС˸磬ڵ͵͵ȥ

С˸æȥϸ
ôǼϸأͲǼҽȥʲôۿڵһճȥüأ˵ͷˡ

С˸һͷʱ¡
ԭųɳԺӡ

С˸½ǳ쵽Լĸ٣ûֻ̫ԶԶš
ڽǳͦΣһϮۣȺҲһ۾ϳ

С˸֣ǳһҹӡ
ǳǹ֮󣬷ɵſڿһۣͷдšѰ¥

С˸ĵطһʱ䣬ʱ󲿷˼˳ϣڱķ沢˽⣬һ⡰Ѱ¥һʱҲûӦʲôط

ĶṫӣǸ߲¥
С˸ûයųٷɻƽ

Ѱ¥С˸˵ֺɫʱˡ
һŵһ飬ȷѰ¥ûϴɣ

С˸Ѱ¥ǹӻڵģ¥ϻܿкöƯӣҲĹӸ硣ǲȥȾȥˣ

ǳĵطΨһϲĶҲǾˣС˸벻ȥʲô
ɫȴΪӣڵ˵Ϊʲôô֣ԭȥֵط

ǳԴԼʱǷ顱ģжʱЩµûţԭǸѰ¥С๫ѧģ˵ǳͲЩ£ҵԵɡ

ҽǳδӹʱͻ˴´ķ񡣴ǰһϮ򵥵İͷҲһ֦ϣ˳ȴƯѣͷϱϺõͲͿ֬Ĩˡ

һֻ׿ȸͿɻȸˡ
зƣ벻ǳ˳ΪЩ¡

Ѱ¥ʲô𣿡С˸翪ʵ
ϴżַ꣬ڵˡ

С˸ЩãȻһʱ֪Ǻá
룬ڵߣҲȥѰ¥ѰѰȥ

С˸磺
Ϊʲôоʹ˻е

һߡ
ǳǽѰ¥ĹӣͷζѬü
˼ϰζ

С๫̲֮סǰкδ֣㱻ɵǸЦŵˡǶˣ֪ǳǺĿˣû

֮㲻ڣԼѰ¥һŽǳߣһ߿ڵ
е֮״Ԫɵ֣״Ԫ뽭ǳ˵ˣҪúǳЩ顣Ǵ㽫طԼھģ־ֵط̸鲻ڣ½ǳΡ

ǡѰ¥Ǻ״Ԫɽʶĵط㽫صԼ

Žǳ¥һƽ̨״Ԫ裬æкǳߵƽ̨£ŷҰãһ۽쾮ڵԼ¥ϵξ۵ס

зݣ¥С๫ͷѰӵĹӸ磬ȽϷŵÿĿ֮£׽ľٶ

ǳֻɨһȦ̲סˡ

ؾΪ飬ʲôʣֻǡ״Ԫ˵ųЦЦȻشսһ¡

ǳһĻ֪Ϊεʱࡣ
Ҳ״Ԫɺͺ̹Ȼ̬ӰҲѰ¥ķΧȾǳµʱͻȻúûôˡ

ҲʡǳڵֻǱδȣδй־Ȼ֣òá

ֻҪʶķţͷܾСֻûлܵõȤζ࣬Ҳûʲôʵġ֮ǼУڳԣǿɾ˼ˡ

ǳ룬ڵɷϸ˵˵У
ڵ鵥˵ֻ²򣬸¸Բźá

ǳô˵̲סƳһЩС๫üͷԵ塣

״֪ǳ϶ǿЩС๫䲻֪ǳݣȴԼоǳһ߽״Ĵ֣ôÿߵ׷߿϶٣ɽǳȴһֱûⷽľ飬ǶһҪ󼫸ߡ

֪󲿷ֵⷽƵģ겻һֻһ£ҲĶ֮ͽֻµһʱȤʲô֮Լ

ǳǰߣⷽͦ

ǲԸԣҲиķӡڵ
ǳ۾һźֵ֮Ըʾһ顣

ǳ
ⲻðɡ

ǳһŵر飬ȴ״ԪҲرЩڵ˵ǼΪأʾ˵ġ裬ǡ״Ԫɵ˿Ť֪ʱ޶࣬ϱҲûôɻˡ

ǳƴǣͻȻʲôڵѰ¥ԺһȪǴ䲻ȥȪɣȴҲе˼Ȫ¶ģͷֲ

֮⣬ǳ˼Ա߿Զϣûôˡ

ǳôеڻˣҪھܾ
תһ룬״ԪɶԺôϲⷽ涨Ȼе㶫ġ

Ҹźѧʲô۵Ȥɾͺðˡ
ǳԥʱ򣬱㱻״Ԫɴȥ˺ԺȪ

ȪҲûˣʾ⽭ǳԱ㣬״Ԫɽء
ǳˣɿȸ䵽һϡ

ĿԽ֦״Ԫһ
ǳͷһȻ۰ȶһĻ

ǳһֱ۵ıֺܲºÿÿ뵽ǾҪ̲סһɽʶԼжƺʧƫġ

ͺսȣ۶δػ·硣

ⷢǳܴһ߸쵰ΪʲôȺ࣬һ̲סԼǣԼϱֵòöӡ

ǳӣû״Ԫɺͺк뿪Ѱ¥
Ĳɵڽһڽֽ˼ҾҪһ̳ơ

͹Ҫ¾ƵС𣿡ʵ
Ҫǳڣһӡ

ƻûȾƲҪ¾Ʋ˵ĿˣǳһֺÿӦǸݵˣҲҶ˵ʲôŽǳ˼ֻһ̳ơ

ǳȾƻӣһ¶ǣġ
ִ̧ԼڶƵʱͻȻסˡ

ǳõšüͷδüڣߴһϤ

˵ˣƲôȵġǳߣֽ̧ƣ˼¾ƵСˡ

ǳһۣ뵽Լǰķ֣ʱ˹ȵס
ûصһۣԹָԼһƣȴٴΰס֡

ָ¶ЩߣŽǳֱʱǳ΢ƤЩ
ǳǱƳЩ⣬Ҳû㿪۵ôԼϡ

ۿŽǳ۵״һ˿꣬䵭ûǰαװ֡ᡱʱ˿ԭΪ֪ǳȥзݶЩõ飬Ҳ˲١

ƵζÿÿԸϸƷ֪˶Ȥ۷ſ֣ߣСƱַԸƽ̳˾ƺŵһƣڽǳǰ

ǳƱҪȣ̧ٴһҪһںꡣ
ǳۣ䣬۵״żЦ⣬вһ㵱˵ֻһСڡ

ۼ״⣬ſӼһСƸնⶡ͵ߡ
ǳһɵض˰ΣջЭǿ⡣

ƺϲǳԶ̲סּһ͵ǳߡ
ǳһξͲˣšüͷһ¡

ҲǿֱӽǿͽԼС
ǳƱԥһ£ֻһСڡ

֮ǰǺΪʲôϲĵطۿڵʵ⻰ҲģΪʲôѡһֱڹأ

ǳ˾֮Եº࣬ƽô
ǻ˴ǰ벻Ļش⣬ž⣬룬󿪿ڵûʲôá

ûвãʲô𣿡ʵ

ǰǳδ⣬ڹþˣѾϰߣƽӲ⡣ʲôõģǳҲ˵ˣΪԼ

ǣǳ
ǽǳ׽ԷȻġ

濴Žǳڵ㲻һֱģ˻̫ã̬㲻һ仹˼飬ȥһ

ǳۣڽҸô
۵ֻǾиѡ񡣡

ǳ֪뵽ʲôЩ

⻰Ϊ˺㣬ڹʱʲô۵ɾͲһˣо⣬̻𡭡

ǳɲ۶˶ζصѰ¥ĿС๫
ǳɫһʵң

ǣǡÿͷæ
ǳЩ죬Цһֲôϲĵطԭ᲻ЩС๫

һ޹ڵҲûС
سҽ͡ǳ뵽Ƿı֣϶ĵط϶ûȥɡ˼֣ڵҲѹá

ҵûСۿڵ
˵ûУѲ˵Լ츳ǳ

û׽ǳ⻰ʲô˼ȴԼܸоǳ
ҺǽǳʲôأЩãȻ

ǳ˳ȾƵҲûˣҪߡ

סȴǳֱһģֻ֡
ǳͷҲصس˾ʣ۶ǰ

۵ͷһ۱ǳһĺ˵֣ãȻˡ

ǳʲô
ѵ츳

󣬰Լ츳ֵýǳ




23.  ֧   㴩ʲôÿ

۴Ӿʱ, ҹѾˡ
ϻ¥ﶼ𣬲ϵȴࡣ

ŴʳУ̲סﵽѰ¥ſ￴ۡҹֵطֵʱſڵС๫, ̲סǰ

, Ҳܡ۳ЦЦ, º͡
ͳӢ, ź, ЦʱԵú׽ӽ, ЩС๫״Ӵ࣬׷ϴա

۲ɫԱܿЩ, ЦȴʵһŰĿӣ

ʲôһС๫ʵ
Ƿ, лӻۿڵ

ԱһС๫Цǹλծûţӽ¥źСͻʮӵǳŵס˺ü綼ûۡ

ۣ
֪Щ˳ʲʲôʵȡһӴ, תˡ

Ӳȥô?һС๫ڳʵ
ͷҲصذ˰ֵˣӺ顣

Ȼһ񣬵лǲЩ档뽭ǳſɺ֪, ǳЩܻС๫ʱʲôأ

ǰװǰϸ
ƽôЦ

ֻôһ£ɫֳһĨ, ǿнЩӵͷǿѹȥ

ֽǵĵƻȷŰ࣬оͲ¥Ѿˡ
ۻ߹ƬЩڰĽֵһݣ쵽һİ

׹һ㣬òǷһ紵쵽
۽Ųû˿ͣҲûתͷȥֻһȡһʯҪ׽Щʯ֮С

ʯԷħҲԷ
ֻҪԲ׽ЩԷϢͨʯ֪Էڡ

ƺΪһֱԶԶۣҿ
תֽǣԼ˽ֽǵӰС

󲿷ֵյĵطʱ̫ܽغܳףƽʱܻͷųЩֳֻ֮Уõͬ嶼Ѿ졣

ûо쵽۵ֻߵԶˣûϢ
޷תֽǣ۲ӰԱ˹ȥ

ʯĲ׽һ˿ʯ֮С

Էǰ׷һ·۸ˣԵЩա
ԭǻ˰Σ㬶ȥ

ʯԷԶͷ߶ʯ֪ԷĶҲûóȻȥδָҪδռϷ硣

οǳģûŪԷ֮ǰ۲

ۻصƽʱ򣬽ǳѾ˯ˡ

С˸۰ͰʯϷǵýǳǰ˵ҪԵĻģû뵽ԷֿտջƢرС˸ҲұԹֻʵʵŵۡ

ۻʱû֣С˸翴ʳижò㵱޳

ôǼҽʱӡС˸һԼֽʳĶȡһ߿ڳʵ

ӣ˵Ҳ֪𣿡
С˸룬ͷš

С˸Ӷã־ȥ˿ѹ㲻˵ͷǲǱͷģ

ƻǻ۱С˸һȥѰ¥ģС˸СȥֵطʣڼţˣС˸ȫ֪ʲô

ʵϣҲ֪ǳʲô
ֻͨǳǲõƲѰ¥˳ûѰ

Ҳϣǽǰģ㻹ġС˸һ߳һ߰ο۵˵ģ˿Ϊ뿪Ĺ󡣡

Բ֪뵽ʲôɫºЩ
ȡʯͷͷЩʯ

ʯͷ΢Եúܰûʲô춯

ô£С˸翪ʵ
ûлش⣬ʯǰѹʵǼҽڹʱϵΣ

С˸Զʱ۾һ£ⶼ˲ϳˣڵϵһ㡣
չ˵˵ֻѼȸֳһܺӡ

С˸æϲΨ⣬ͨĶ˽°׺ͷɼء

ۿڵûʲôϡ档
ôͲϡˣС˸ص㲻֪ɣǰżء

еЦⲻһڵɣ
ô᣿֪ܶµġС˸

ʣۼ
⵹ûУǶô˵ġС˸˵ܾñչһ඼û

еЦָֽˡ
С˸ֵͦģĻ档

λ˽ܳ۵
ⲻΪ𣿡С˸ЦЦЦżֺãʹˣɵöǽ𰡡

Կһۿͷķ򣬿ڵǼҽҲû˵Ҫⶾ顣

⻹˵ᡣС˸εܶ໰˵ڵģԼɡ
ϸһԼò׼ǳ˼ֻǳ̬ȱ̫죬ʵͷԡ

ҹһû˯
һ磬Щ˯⣬Ժű㱻ˡ

ǴµĹԱһκ͢٣һ¬壬۵ˡ
ڴרŸľǺйصİÿγ£Ҫۡ

һͷֻòҲ֪϶ֳˡ

ʹˣҹ³£еɮҹ˰Ǿڣʹ˹Ŀκ͢˵սڸۣһ̲סü

Ƭ̺ڵδΪ
ǣǻʼſڵҶǱģҵȲҵͷʹһȥ¬峯۵ʹ˲ΪҲиۡ

֮⣬ֻҪȷɵģûˡ
ɵģǵһʱۣҲǾְˡ

۶Щٳĵ⣬һŵöʯ֪ΪΣͻȻЩԤУⰸӻ᲻Լйϵ

ˣ㳯˵ԵƬ̣׼һ¡
ԵһϲʵʵԺţҲҴߴ١

ͷڣǳѾˣֻǻû
ߵſţŽȥˡ

ǳ̧ۿĿѾûյºͣȫȻָ˴ǰģ
ߵ£ڵܲȥһ˾

ǳ䲻ȿڵΪΣ
֣㱣ҡۿڵ

ǳ

һȵؿۣƺЩףôô̹Ȼ˵Ҫ

ۻһ̹ȻǳЦЦڵҲ֪һȥΣգҲԼҪ㵣ġ

ǳ
ǲģҪĳ¶ûⶾˡ

ˣǳڵаɡ
Զʱ˿ԼֵݸǳǼǴźǳ𴲡

ǳ󿴵Ժ֮üͷɼ塣
ÿ糿ëϰߣڳ㲻ٱɿȸˡ

֪ϰߣˣæȥ˸ɾˮ˹ýǳϴ֡ǳЩԸմմˮԵġʽæȡ˸ɾزźǳ֡

ԱĿɿڴؿһĻζ˵
ʹƽ￴Ȼͣɼӻͦģû뵽ڼﾹĵλ

ٿǳһ⣬ʹ
˲ԼͬԿһۣʹ̾˿

۱ٸŴµһߣȻǳϴƺǵǳǳµ·֪ǳ˳֮󣬿㱧ҷɹȥ

ǳһۣĵڲǺ뱧ˡ
ԴʶǷıֺǲ֮󣬽ǳܴ

ԭ־һҪϽһȴǴܡҲ˵۱ֵ̫ãûٿռ䣬ƫƫǳһ㾭鶼ûУֲԸԼȥҸʲôС๫ɡ

һǳǡͼ־ǲʵˡ
ȻˣҲǰٰڳǸ̬ˡ

ôֻȥˣۿһ۽ǳذ׵̧ͷǳҲˣ˸֦ˡ

ȸֱ˰׿ȸ

ڣŲڡǳڵ
Ҳͦá۵㴩ʲôÿ

ǳ鲻ãͬ죬ϼ¡
ۼҲûţջ¡

ͷѾһӹٱһЩԱҲѾˡ
¬κ֮͢⣬˲֪ۺͽǳݣҲû̫ˡ

ǳ۸ߵſڣ㲻Լͬü
ֻԶǱܸоһ
ţǳѭҵ˺Ժ
Ժĳһ䷿ͷźöˣдµĹԱҲд

ǳԶԶ￴һۣкЩɮˣЩɮһ򶼲ˣüֻʣѪŴĿġ

ȥ˫ۣǳڵ
Ǳȥġۿڵ

ǳššüһۡ
ġʱζţΪ

δ֤ݣܶ϶Ϊˣǳ
Ҳδ϶ֻ˵ܡæ

Χ壬ʾ⽭ǳԱ˼ż˿ڿŲΪǱʲôס򳶳һ㡣

ǳҲЩɮ۾ϵ˿ڣ֪Ʋܺ
̲סڵˮľҪ

ʵϣֹ壬ˮĴ󲿷Ҳˮľ
ֻһСᲶСΪ

һ
Ĵħ

ȷʵҼ˵ȡʯڽǳǰԴ߶ʯЩ춯ΪɢȥңңӦ

ǳۣʵ㳯ˣ
㲻ڣĸðգۿڵ

⻰˵ùȻ·ԽǳѾĳּȶ飬ǳЩϰߡƺҲų۵˵ͦãΪ⻰ڳ˽ǳ֮䴦ǿƵĵλ

ҴѰ¥뿪ʱڸҡ۵
ȥѰ¥ˣǳڵ

ۣ
ǡҪ

·ңҾ뷨ӳûռһĨ۵
ǲ壿ǳʵ

룬ڵ֣壬塣
ǳɫԳ˼ɻôԷʲôֱ治

̫ˣǶԷ̫ˣ

һģ壬ҶŻǳڵ
ʧЦαطôһá

ǳûǰԺ
飬üλɮ˶ˣķΧء

ǳߵǰ̧ۿͷŵһŷ񣬿ڵܰ˵նħĻǵǺħ𣿡

룬ڵħ޹ء
ô˵ħħҲħǳڵ

תͷǳ˵ʲôȴסˡ
ǳǷ۵һ˿ãȻû˵ʲôת뿪˴

뽭ǳ̽һûеõ̫
ֻҪ뿪ǣ㲻

գǳ۱㷵˾ǡ
ǻصƽʱ״Ԫɸմ

״Ԫһͷƺǰ˼顣
ݸǳڵǺҸģÿȤɷһ˵ջ񡣡еĺţرǺ֡

ǳӹ״Ԫɵл
״ԪҲûˡ

ۿ״ԪɱӰڵ֮壬ȴҶͨ͸֪Լӣ˿ûԹ԰ǻñȴǰˡ

״ԪȥѰֵ֮У˾ȵǣѰ֮࣬һֱźԺĲ£˿Ҳûиͺвԣ˿ֵһᡣ

㳯˵𣿡۳ǳʵ
ûСǳڵ

ǲ˵ֻǻûô˵
״Ԫɻɽǳ֪ڲ˵ϡ

ͷȥ˵աۿڵܹܱסһ
ǳ룬֪ѡķӣ

һ˽ǳ
Ƭ̺ǳʵģѡʲô

ǳû뿪֮ǻǵһ⡣

¡ǳ
״Ԫɣҿ϶Ҫۿڵ㣬ѡӡ

ǳ

㿴һ׵飿ǳʵ
벻ѡ۵Ȳ˵Ѿйһˡ

ǳ

۵֮͸ԥˣǶôҲޣֻҪÿ˱ˡ˵֮񱣬ûǶҲλûѡܿ

ǳۣʵֻҪܿλν
šʶӦһŲǳԼĿЩԾ

ܺáǳĿͻȻȾ˼ͣҲ˲٣ڳ۵ǽ汾磽ȶʱ°ɡ

ۣ
ǳֵ̬̫Ϥˣֲһֱòڣԭ

ǳ¶һĨЦ⣬һգֵ
ġ

ۣ




24.  ֧   ֱӽ

ǳ޳ָЩ΢, ֱʱЩԺ߰ͷ

Ƭ̵Ĺ۱˾ܾǳҪʱ

۷Ӧʱ, ǳѾ󲽽Ժ, ֻһıӰ
ԺƬ, һʱҲ֪ηӦ

ǳĬӦˣ

ǳ״ԪɸǸС㾶ֱ˿ͷ, ֻһС˸һζЦ, ĻһҲû˵

С˸һãȻ, תͷּɫӵؽҴҽһӡ
С˸粢֪֮䷢ʲô, ֻؾ쵽ǳ֮״̬ƺЩ΢ı仯, ˵ˡ

ͷڣǳС򿪣ͷװŵǼ顣
ȷе˵Ҳܽ飬˵ǻܸһЩ

еһһͷĻʱڵһºˡ
Ǳŵһ㣬ٺ˻, ʶ̧ͷһ۷ţŹԷЩ

󣬽ǳ׼ٴδǱᡣ
ͷŵˡ

ǳʱֻʮֲ˼, ΪͷϤԿЩݵʱ᲻뵽ǰ۰ⶾʱǻ档ò˵ۻȷʵ١

ſű㽥, һ˻еƺϸڡǻеݺ꾡ͼ⣬Ա߻עעصȦ˳

ǳԽԽ棬ͷö໨ûɼӦҲᣬҹ̲סˣڻҴš뵽ͷ۲ĻǳĪЩڴƺƾǰʤһ

û뵽ĺöǳĵͷĻ͸ˣնܽʳ֪ζ

ʵ󲿷Щ϶̫ԣ˵ǱȽĹġǳĹġ̳ôһֱֶ

ΪۣǳⱲҲȤоЩ顣

ǳʱͻȻ죬ſ۵
ǳһæҵؽͷ£۽

ȻоЩΪۣ۷֡
֪Ϊʲôǳʶãⷽ츳ʦͨԵһ

֪֮ô¹УδЩ

Ŷ룬ĿڽǳЩͣƬ̡
ǳһ¶Щº͵Ц⡣

۴ǰ֪ǳо뷨ÿμǳԼºʱ̲ס¡ǳȻ˼ˣз̹Ȼˣٿܣͦ˼

Ͼýǳ˺ɫĻᣬɲࡣ
ۿŽǳͻȻ˶Ū˼

룬Խǳ̬ǲʲôҪ󣬽ǳ˳أ
ˣ۷ǳʵҹܲҳȥ䣿

ǳʶšһüͷ漴Ӧʲô۵׸ֳ˼ݵЦ⣬ԼԵòôӲڵá

ǲȥҲǿԼȥҲԵġһΪѵڵ
ǳæǿȥ

ƺǸˣȥ˵Ҫ·
ǳ֪뵽ʲôҲһ·һ

С˸֦ϿŴûڵʮָӡ
ýպ֣ʹҲر֡

۴ŽǳţھǵĳһȦǵ·˷׷עĿ

ͦΣӢԭͺۣտһ磬ɫۣ˸ӢԵĽǳ䲻ǰӢ䣬һȴÿ˿û۱ȥ

ڽϣʵںѲע⡣
۴ŽǳһȦͣһϷ԰ſڣǳʵӰɡ

ǳûκȤۼȻ˵ˣҲûܾ
뵽֮۾ҪǳжЩϧŶࡰֺáһȫǻ˽ˡ

˵Ϸ԰ӣ˸¥¡
ǳҪЩʳֻϧϷ԰費ƣҪ˺衣

ˮ۱ǳһ衣
ǳӹһڣ̵ñЩ΢΢졣

Ŀϣ۵ȾһĨЦ⡣
ǳ²豭ʵ㶢ʲô

ûоãһţʵͦ˼ģʵ
ǳ⣬뵽۲úҪǳıѵöЩشҲС

ǳƽԲ󲿷ֵ鶼ԵĮģΪڲõĽҪʵ־ϵԸˣǸۣãſʲô鶼˳˲١

òǳһ̨ϳϷĽǶ
̧һģݵ˽ǳߣǳֻԥһ˲ſǿҧһСڡ

𣿡ۿʵ
ǳһγֶֻôݼ䷺˿˿ζȻ

ۼһĶˣ۵ЦŨ˼֡

۷ǳƺԺܶ鶼һȻĵ⣬Ƕ˻ǶЩԵĺȵġǳ⿴ŻˣʵֻҪ׼˷ӣױơ

ǳһκȾƵʱǿܣȴں˵һ֮ϲǶ
ٱģǻ˽ǳԼǾԲԵģˣͿʼղˣƬ̹򣬽ǳԼģнһ̶Թļơ

ڶ

룬жϽǳûôˣǵΪҪⶾŶ̬ȡƺҲôҪ۾ʱԲں𰸡

һţһȥõģ⧲ͽǳһ
ǳֱָһۣס֣

һ˲ȥⱻǳŵֻ֣߶ϵʯ
ʯɢĹâɫһǳ˵ͷ

ǲԼͬߵ߳⿴ȥʢ
Ҵ¥Ϸ԰ӣʱһϮЩײϡ

ʶ㣬ǳȴһһ䣬ת˸ȦܹۿŽǳߵܵǳԼֱۣʱ뵽Ϸ̨ݵһӢ۾

ǳĺϲϷ롣
ÿνǳȥʱ۶ֽǳڳĴ

ѵ嶼ϲôıݣ
۲㽭ǳһݡ

ˣװһ̬˽ǳϡ
ȻǳǵУܿؽ峯Ǳһ£Աеø

׷𣿡ǳʵ
أ׷ۿڵ

һ䣬ֽһӰ

½ңۿڵ׷
첽߹ڵ˶࣬Ҳ׷̫ˡ

۳չʾһʯ˼Էܲˡ
˿½Գ¶˻ﴧŵֻС

ԴϴЩëץ֮ߵĶһһС޲콫ǴڻǳԶţҲҪҸ׵ĵطǣ⡣

бƣ³ҲǵײʱŸΣա

Ҳʵ
۵˵ͷŪ˺üɮ˵۾

ħһŻԴһߵ񰡡
ǳǸ塣

һǰƲԷʱǳЩˣû뵽ǳôͬƲ⡣ԭôһλõҪ󣬾ýǳ̬ȷôı仯

һ߾þȣһߺá

Ҹо廹壬Ǳʲô
뽭ǳһۣ鶼Щأɶⶫͷ˼ĺġ

ߣȥһط۳ǳ
ǳԣʶ漴Ҳȥ

۴һ
ߵĵطվԽǾ۵ס

ȡʯڿУ߶ʱ򣬽ǳȴס֣Լ߶öʯ

ʯ΢⣬ӳյͷĨ쳣졣
ֻһҲ˵

ᶯ𣿡ʵ
ȵȰɣҪǲǾ͵ˡ۵

˵գ˶Ŀ⿴˲Զ
⼸ֵУִԲھڵҹŸƯ

һԵΣԱߺһ
ҹ𣬴Щ⣬æ½󳨿˻

ǳ֪뵽ʲôߵʵ𣿡
ЩЦסˣڳǳе㡣

˵ǹⶺǳƵģǳ߿˿
ǳһЩ̧סۡ

۵αȽǳʵԸߴһЩܶáǵСã֪ϲһףԽһֻԱ߲濪ЩԹ˹壬ԱԼڽԵáСˡһЩ

ǳȫȻ֪ⷬ˼ֻԼ˿ر𡰿ɿ
ԶƻԻ͵ľǣʵһֱô̫ƽ𣿡

ûСۿڵ෴Ǵǰһֱ̫ƽúܡ
ǳššüʵǴʲôʱ𣬿ʼ̫ƽģ

룬Ŀһ˿ݼŵãȻڵǴħֿʼġ

ǳһЩ⡣

Ļʳǣﲻŵ˻ʣ̾ᣬͨ£ҪħƿǣøԼ鷳

ħҲãⶫҲãΪʲôðѡ

Ҳ֪ħ⡣ۿڵ
ǳͻȻһ£ڵ˵ħʱȥΪ͵һ˻棬ħðȥҲͲˡ

˼·ƶϣðھǳû˵ҲΪƵĿġ

תͷǳʵħҪ͵Ķʲô
֪ǳûиҡ

ššü֪뵽ʲôɫЩ

һԵĥǳǰǾ仰Ƭ̺ʵΪŪʲôΪҪŪϹЩɮ˵۾

Ͳ˵ˡ۵
ҲǰѪһǴǳ

æͷæҲûܡ

ʱʯеȻ춯
ڵ߶ˡ

ǳæԦעʯۿʯĵâĿ˳еƻҫ۵ǿط

ڡʹۿڵ
˻ػģħ嶼ȥʲô

ǳ˳۵Ŀ⿴ʹķ򣬿ڵȥ֪ˣ
۵һۣȻͬ˽ǳ顣

ѭĨ׷˺ĳƧĹԷ⡣
ԶԶһǹԷ鹣ڵӦһ乬

乬ʲôǳʵ
۵˻ߵӷ˴ͻᱻص乬˻ʾͲټˡ

ǳššüڵټΪʲôɴˣ
岻壬ںþۺɢһ˵˻ⷽǶϡ۳͵

ǳû̫£ֻº鷳
ڵֱӽȥץɡ

ɡһס󣬿ڵĹˣǲڻʹʩΪǾ˻ʣ鷳

ǳЩͷαװĺƢþˡ
µ˻ʣɲ¡

̾˿ڵ֪˵鷳ʲô
ʲôǳۣʵ

Ҫ˻ʽ۵
ǳɫһ䣬ŵƵʱɢ˴롣

û˵ҲҪȥĴ㡣

ҿǶ˳סǼȻ֪ڣȥ취ǡۿڵǳһǹԷͷͷһ֪Ʋġ

ڵǴסԵȥ֣˻ֲܹǰ

ǳֿһǹԷȴû˵ʲô֪ΪΣȻϲԷȴԽԽƶͷŵӦþǸɡ

ҹɫŨǽʼüž

ǣۺͽǳ˻֣һˡ
ǳԶԶ󣬽ŲЩء

۾쵽˻ʹ֮󣬽ǳɫ㲻á
룬سǳ߿˿ֱǳֱմЩ⡣

ǳתͷһۣʵˣ
һû׽Ϊʲôá֡֡

ǳ飬ֻĬˣǡƵ̾˿ֱӽ

ۣ
Ϸݵеͷˣ

ǻƧĹԷ
һµԺУǰĹĻ

ǹĻǳۣû˫ǳƽȥ
Ƭ̺ǹĻ䰵Цһջߡ

ӣѾҵǵĲкδ㣿ŵһС̿ʵ

Ǳӵӿڵʲôδܵȵǻһ졣
аˣС̿ʵ

ӣȸϵȶҲ÷ˡӵ
Сæ˾Ͷ֣

ǺǡЦҿûǳ֮ĺˣʱ֮Σһ򾡲źء

Сһϲһ졣
Ѿû׵ɵ׶ò٣Ȼ֪⻰ʲô˼

ǿȸǿֻ¡С̵ĵ
ҪΪⶾضķˣʱټȶ浱һս֮ӿڵ

С˵ʲôһڱصõıҲû˵ʲô
ʵ˵ĻĻ棬ȸƺǾϵǸ

ˣȸҪʹˣҲͲˡ
Ͼʹ˽ʱֻҪɺþУǸҲӰⶾ




25.  ֧   ס۵¡

ǳۻصƽʱ, С˸Ѿ˯ˡ

̽˸ͷ¿ǳС۷ͷȻְ̧ĿڣֿʼԼˡ

Ȼǳǿ, һֱôķ, ӾҲ
С˸֪һЩǳ˼, ҲÿֹʵС˸ҲЩ, һ̫, ҽⶾʱ֧, ˻ǵס

ֻףΪʲôҪôһ, ֱӽݸʹ˲Ǹ𣿼ȿԳκʹ˵ˣܲķѽ, һá

תһ룬ҽЩƺͦģ˵ϲΪʹ˵ĸоأϾôģҲһַʽˡ

ˣС˸Է˲١
ǿ, ЩЩɣǡ

£ǳһΪˣһ̲סĿϡ
Դ֮, ɫһֱЩ԰ףĨ԰ȥЩԭеƽ˼ֲ̬Уýǳÿÿʱ, һϧ

Ȼо󲿷Դڽǳľı仯֪ԼúҪǰԿʱǷݷ͵ͨͨˣ񷴵ԽԽ˳ۡ

ʵС˸ĵݵ⣬ǳҲûоᡣ
˼ɵȴС˸ȫһ

ǳԴӴӹĵһ죬ԥҪҪݸۡ
һֱԥڣ۶ѾĬҪ󣬽ǳҲûͳȥ

˵ףǳû̫Ρ
ǰûоܾҪҲ۾ͻԼ

ǳã쵰ʲô¶
ǽݸۣ۳׻ָʱ˽ҪͷһʱԣǳɾҪʩΪˡ 

ǳҹľһ飬ڱصá
õѡǣʱݸۡ

ǳĶ׽֮ٸҲ١
ͨһ㣬ǳҲûټᡣ

Ƭ֮󣬼ɫԺЩǳ˿ͷ
Щ˯ţͻȻǹ

˵Ҳ֣ڹʱֵôûޡԴ뿪˹ȴͻȻʵˣ֪㵽Ҳûڹǳ

ǳϥԦҪҳǹȴͽ޹
вƣѵΪ۵ģ۴һʱǶͰˣ

ⶫվǸ
ǳտԣܲܽŪ

һ磬һƽ
ǼȻѾ֪ڻʹȻþӽˡ

飬ԭǲĵģȻײܲòᡣһ磬ϼҴڵƽԲߡ

ʱ¿ǳë
ǳԭúÿֻ֮ȸڷƵģ˭Ҳ̲ס࿴ۡ

乬Ƕʲô㣿ʵ
ջڽǳϵĿ⣬ڵֱ˻̯ƣǡ

һЦһΪ˻ء
ʲôһѡ۽͵ûǲ뻵˹ء

ǻĹأ˵ҪƽˣѹʵǲǺ·ˣ

üڵ
˵⻰ʱĿ˲ԶĽǳϣ˼·ǽǳ

˵Ϊʲôۺܲϣǳ𡣾֪ǳһ뿪ǻص󣬵ɹִϣھǵñҡ

⻰Ҳûĳ̶ֳϣȷʵ·ġ
²η壬ǵԷ¶ԷԼ¡

˳۵Ŀ⿴ȥԼǻССܵ˽ǳűߣŽǳת˼Ȧƺǳˣ

ǳΣС

ȡ𣿡ǳһԵʵ
ЦЦû

ܶûֵģȺӵȡҲû˽УӾ˱Ҳˡһ˵ֻи׽ϸߵĴ߳ܺõŻ֡

罭ǳʱ֡
ǷĹأ˸׵գպͷ˸С

𣿡ǳʵ
ǵ˵ֽ½ңȴû˵֡

½ƽﶼҽб

ǳ
Ȼ֮仹ǲҪֱȽϺá

ãǳĶԻ̲֮סЦЦͶȥһЦ

ͬȥһ˰ɣκ͢ٻ¬ֱȥ˻ʡۿڵ˵ǲͬ⣬Ǳ㲻ˡ

ʹ˵ھ°ĺܶ鶼ǳڡ¡ǰᣬҲأְæֳİҲ޷

˻ʲͣҲֲܡ
ֲںʹݣִ÷¡

ʱȥ˴¡
ǳһҲûᣬر˹ȥżȻζߵﶼỤһǳԼҲñۡ

µ˶Ǻǿ˵ҪֱӼ˻ʣԳЩȡ

ʲôô֣Ҫͷ¹𣿡¬Сʵ
ԴӴǰ˽ǳһֱսս侭ϴνǳ˽Ѫ飬ǶԽǳĿ࿴½ǳСۼĳȴû뵽ǳͽˡ

ϵλ˻ʵļ£ȷҪ֪ۿڵ
¬ɫһ䣬æҲң¹ٻǲ֪ĺá

֪ǵͷȻ֪ҪԸĶħǣ˻ߵˣǿɾǹغʼ顣˻˾ּ֮֮ҳȻǲϣġ

һԵκ͢ٿڵʹͬλԴƬ̣¹Խʥ±ʹ˵˼

Ե˵ͷ˼ȥء
ڴµ˲ʱκ͢ٱȥ󻹸˸ŻĹ

ǹʮسǺһ˵˻Ӽλʥ
۶⣬ƺԤһ㡣

ǹŽ˹һڡ
ûƬ̣˻ʱ㱻ӵˡ

˻ʿŲʮ꣬òһ
Ϊ˵ǫͣһ۵˱¶Ц⡣

һֱǵġ˻ʿһڵ
˿̽ǳۺΣСɱ˻ĿֻѲƬ̡

λʹˣ˻ʵ
ֳ̧˸

˻ʵ˵ͷڵ˵ˣʹһֻɫıӡ
üһͻȻЩĻʵˡ

ʵǺδƽϢֺ濴ǳʵλʲô
ǳ̫һԵ㿪ڵǺͿȸ

˻ЦŴǳƬ̣󳯽ǳǿȸɣǶ˵ȸ޵һֱûأ㿪޿ɺã

˻һ亹ˣ½ǳ֡
һҲΪΣȴò׼ִ磬֪òÿڵ˻ʡ

պΣͻȻЦЦ´ǲ֪ɣȸֻżʱŻῪǽڶڷڱǰֻð˱¡

֮⣬˻ӣҲδܿסǳѹ

˻ʵʶȤæ˿ȸ˼ǳͷ˺ɣ
ǳƳһۣС

˵һӣʣܼȣΣ˻ʿʵ

ǳԿڵȶ˵ܼʱʲô
˻ʱǳǺһ䣬ҲգˬһЦڵȷʵȷʵ

˻ǺƺĥزˣߵԱ£۵ʹ˵սҪ£

ۿڵµ乬ֻ
ԭֱӳ˻Ǳǽȥˡ

ɱ˻ʷһͨڣ˼ֲãԴ˻̬Ҳࡣ

乬ֻ˻ɫˣڵǸǺã
ۼżڳһ޲ߵ̬ڵѰ졣

˻룬ʵ֪ʲô
λɮӵǳڵ

˻Բɴ˸ Ǳ鿴ء
ҲûǸɢ飬ۿڵʹ˿и߼

Լ˻ױ֪ͳε壬һЩԶԶҲǳܶ塣

Ҳ֪ΪңǲΪеģӣػħ嶼˲ر塣

Щ±ľҲ˽֪䲢еԼЩ֮ͽԼ⣬ںʲôƽ⣬Ǻ޲˲źء

˻䲻壬ȴһֱĴɵ
ֻֻҪôܹ˷ˣºܿͻңҲһֱҪЩ˶мӵԭ

ȴŻƵģڵķЩ򡣡

ʹ˵һϡ˻æڵ
쵽ĹǲԼָǳӡ

һΪѵسƬ̣˽ǳһۣڵкθ߼
ǳȻ֪ǸԼԼ˽ء

ǳԼǲô˻һʶۼȻʾãҲûܾ빼۵һƬ⡣

ǽǳڵʹ˶Ūߡ
˻һΪѣĵʹôأŪŪȥ

Ц⣬ǳڵзˣ
šǳڵ

ʵۺǷʵܲܡķӣ
ǳǸӣŭԼЩڵʹ˶ɡ

֪ˣĵҲ̫ú˰ɣôףȴǰҲݡ

½乬ڵĹԷԼΧļԷɣҸͷͷסŵ˶ǲߡۿڵֻ乬˲ɡ

ʵ˿Ȼ󹬿ճҲףܱʹúá

ȥ졣˻ʵλҪã
ۿ˽ǳһۣڵհɡ

˻æԸȥ죬ڹ˿ҵ顣

˰ʵһ£ƻʱǹԷԼΧĴ󹬱㱻ˡС˸ȥ֪̽ʵۺЩΪû֣˻Դôˡ

ҹ۱뽭ǳϣǹԷΧ˸硣
С˸类۰˶ڽԵһϷڣڽͷʱ춯

ͷǲͷʵ
ûлشǿ˽ǳ

ǳڵ֪һ֡
Ϊʲôһʵ

۵̰֮ͲھǺ֡ȻˣȻǲǵģ˵Ҫǡ

ǲԿɣһֻŻСʵ
ǻңù𣿡ۿڵ

ĵҲǣھǲײǼһ
ɼǶܻǣƵġ

ҹˣ۰ʯĿ̲סһֱƳǳ
ǳ쵽Ŀ⣬ڵʱܣһỤ㡣

۵Ⱦ˼Ц⣬ĵǻˡ
Ц⣬ϵشյ˽ǳߣס˽ǳ°ڣڳһҪ̬

ǳƺ⣬üͷչࡣ
˷𼸺ܵУԶԸģҲȷԼһܱۡ

˵Ϊʲôǳ̲סѪħ
ãħѪʵԭԲֻҪǱֲַȥǣԼۣȥô

仰˵ħѪǰΪô
ǳƺҲ֪۵Ķ֣Ҫơ

ҹΪһ֡
һֱȵʯûд춯ҲȻ

˵ǸҪôǶ乬ݷҪô·ˡ

ѵ´ˣǳ૵
ǲ´ˣ˷ñǴݾˡ

ȴܣٵһհɡ
ΣֻԱõĹ˸طסһߵ֡

Һ۳˻ʶ˵˼գһ쵹ҲҲµ顣

ԱһԺصĹԷǳ֪Ӧٶ೯˻ҪЩӣ֮󣬿סЩӡǳϲˮһֱźԼסûˮԴ

ǳرššüڵˮЩࡣ
ϸһûˮ֪࣬ǳⷽ޵úܡ

ͷ˻ЩӣԺһɡ۵
ǳһĵԼĶ˾ͻ뿪ֲþӾǣûҪˡ

ȴأԳԺվǲ󣬲ȥһһıԷԺб˵ʲôԡ

ǳ죬Լʱۣͷ˵ɡ
ۿһۣһЦûټ˵ȥ

ȥ鿴һ½硣˵վҪתȴǳһקס
һǳָ˿̲֪Ϊξ͸ż˵¶ȣ¶ͨƤϮǵ۲ͷһ

ǡۿǳǳȾź⣬ҲЩ١

ǳֻþˣ¶ҲԽԽߡ˫˿ȾŲεؿϵҲʼס޼ɵ̼⴦Է

ǳȶˡ

ǳۺ΢ڻһǳ֡
ǳ̧ϣһס۵°ͣȥ

д棬ֻ۵ĶͷԲ˲䣬û˫۷ڣֱӽ۰ڵϡ

ǳӸµؿۣżֲڵ£һᡭһ㡣
вӦ۱㱻ǳˡ

ͷС˸綼쵽׷׿⴦Է
Էͷ̽ţۿҪһˡ

С˸һŵسʵܿ𣿡
ʲôʵ

С˸λð
˵ֻȻһ£ض˶β͡


ô?

סͻСĶ䣬С˸бȥҽҿҲģ㶮

С˸磺
۸΢
뼱




26.  ֧   Ŀ١

ʹǻƧԷ, һ΢΢ͷŲԶһԷͷ
УȴҲжϳǹԷͷڷ顣

עãǹһ˿Ц⡣

, ʱ֣ԱһС̿ʵ
Ŀһ, ڵȶ˵Ҳ÷յĹ, ͵һյĻ, ϵĵò, ٶҲ١

СҲ˳ӵ߿ȥ, ȴʲôҲ
ͨӵķӦ֪ӦѾʼｭǳ磽ȶˡ

ʱڴһŮӵỽ, һ⣬첽˵ڡ
ڵһŮ, ŮӿҲʮ꣬һˣֻԼżֲ԰׵Ĳֳ̬Բĸо

˻ӣʱΪ˹˴˵ء

磬Ҫ𣿡˿ʵ
Ҳߡ齱, һڵ˯һɡ

ͷšü˼ȥƺ
Ӽ״ͷ, 鿴Щء

磬ǲǿˣʵ
ᣬ˭Ҳ˵սϣȥ

ȴһס, ڵߣ硣
Ҳߣܿͻӳ

ƺţ֡
ΣףԷɿ֡

۾˯ȥڵ
⣬ǰһֱǸСʵʵš

ǸС̷Ը˼䣬С̴ҴҳȥƬ̺Ů
乬ͷԷҲֻźĹŮ˻вŰŹġ

Ů˵ǵǰ̣ƽﲢôģ˶п

ɨһŮĿͻȻһ˿ȻɢһֻѻŮ۾ȥ

ڣѾԲѡ
˯е͸һħħ޵ģʢ

ĿѪܵߵߣȻûѣȴƵģȻͳħĿΪԼڡ

ϧū˼࣬µĺпɲԶˡӵ
˽һ˿˯˹ȥ̶ûʶƵġ

С̴׹һɪɪ
ߣ۾ĹŮڵʹధ

ӣ⡭ô죿С̽ŵ
һֱǱΪ˲¶ƽӲǹˡչȴֱӽŮ۾ʵЩŵˡ

ЦЦʲôɰҲи˽ˣ󲻱ٹ˼ǵĹʵۡ

ǡС̲
Ƴһֵۣȥɣﰭۡ

СæקŮǶ˳ȥ

ԶǳڵǹԷУڽ˱˴˵̽׽/һ

ͷü
С˸ߣʵˣ

ֻ֨Ǳȴζ
С˸״Խ棬̲ס׷ʣȴˡ

һһҹҲûдκ춯
ǳҲ˿ûƽϢļ󣬷ԽԽʢ

ǸһС˸磬ʵҪð
С˸뿪ڵһڹʹ潭ⶾҹŹһһҹء


ȶô̼

ʹô飬һܲסɾͲˡС˸ص
û˵ʲôϰڱ˼Ƿ£ﻹСأҪС

ǽܾϣʹ˲ʲôӦûúܶࡣС˸翪ڵ
䣬ɫһ䣬̧ͷǰĽ硣

ôãڴ춯乬ķġ
ֻ춯̫ʱ˽ǳ۽ⶾ

ѭ춯ķȥһײŽ磬Ǵܡ

ŽǳѰûơ
ѸٳȥȻ֮ʱȴȻɢˡ

⡭һ˲ŷӦǸӡ
ٻۺͽǳǹԷȥȴһֻɢźѻǹԷ֮ڡ

С˸类ֻѻ䣬ŵߡ
ֽһ£ŵ˵ϣ׷ѻ˹Էڡ

Ȼû뵽ǣۿҪʱǰȴͻȻһ硣
Ԧͼǽ磬ȴ۵ġ


۽ѻ˽ȥͷ

㿴ħϾȻħС˸ųɹҲǽ絲סˣ԰ΪʲôѻԽȥǽȥ

һۣڵΪѻȥ֮ųֵġ

Ҳ˵Ϊ˵סǣ
ػС˸ãȻˡ

ѻʱ򴳽ȥ˺£Ҳ̫ȱˡС˸籧Թ
ǲ̫ĽǳĴѰ˶һȶͷŲʧصľءʵ֤󲿷ȷʵ㡭

С˸ϴοǼʶǳȶ֮״̬ģʱǳ䱻ȶĥعǺȴɽЩͼǸſӳȥ

С˸ѻȥδֵ˺á
Ψһĵѻҽˡ

˵ʱ򱻴ţϵǸױųë˵ӰӰⷽ顭С˸糯˵Ҽҽᱻѻųëɣ

һɻؿС˸磬֡
С˸磬ΪɶôƶҽǾϵǸ


̧ͷһ۹ԷϿɽһ˿

ûų⡣

ڡ
ѻϯһԥŽǳϮȥ

ۿĺѾҪӽȻ۽ԼͽǳУŽǳһܿǺ㵽᣺ͷ

ѻԼڱصãҲż
Ű͸ᣣźͷɱһĽǳۣЦǵĺ£ǲ˼

᣺󣬽ǳһ͵ص.
۵˸ƣýǳԼϡ

ʱˣ㾹˼磽ȶûѻڣ˵һ룬᣺һǿϮйһѩ׵УֱѻĿڣѻֱɳȥζڵϡ

ѻŵصͷһ۶ԼؿڵİɫУϳǽǳĶظоͷŵǽǳģ۵ġ

Ȼ֪˵ĺ£Ͳʱ۵᣺ѻ˿

ϵûȥôһ߱Žǳһ߿ѻϣ˿ѻܵĻᡣ

ѻҪȴѹѲ۵
ĿǱиһ㣬и塣

ÿ˿ϣбٴν˿¸˷Σѻֹֻͣһĵؿ᣺ͷһӰ

ؿڵΪʲôᡭѾΪλ?
᣺ȴûд

Ų̵ľ룬ѻ۸ڽǳߵ˼ʲô
ǳûгֻϣ۱Լ

һ̣ѻʶԼһγʧˡ
벻ͨƺҲҪˡ

ͷ
ڽǳ۵ʼûֹͣ˿֪ѻȻǱסˡ

ǣ֪ΪΣǵûбԽԽʢԼˣҪ̲סɣ۴ǰװģϾ˿۵֮ǰ졣

ԡмǳʲôʣ
и²⣬ȴҶ϶

ͷֵ˽ա
ǰͷһһҹνǳȶʱ侹Ǳϴλһա

ֻѻýǳжϣ㶤յĹ
ǳȶڳƽϢ֮ʱѻѾԴһϢˡ

ۼ·ｭǳǺã̧ڽǳ۽һĨȥһᡣ

ǳƣ۾۵Ŀдһ⡣պδɢȥ۵ҲӿļµʪĿڸ׽յʵûʲôǵ̲סЩ

㡭Ъһָǳգһ鷢˳
ǳԲͷܿĴۼ״üߵͷ

ǳ۵ıӰ˿ŬƣûԼ˯ȥ
ֿ̧һԼģĿǲʺͰա

Ϊʲô
һжô˳۶Ӧˡ

Ϊʲôǻ

ǰ
ǳȶոշ֮ʱ

ǳӸµؿۣԷĿдżȻ
ǳشյ۴ףĿ⸴ӣܿ㳯һЦûκοܺͲԸ

ǳû뵽ô˳͹һأʮָˡȻȶˣȴδʧأȱһƬ̡

ȶĥЩºʹ࣬ǳбҪϣǰԵֱ̫ԱʱĽǳļĵۺþãֱʵڱȶĥˣŴ⡣

ؿŽǳĿݡ
Ȼʱǳüͷȴ΢΢һšסˣǱѸٴӡ־ˡһܡ

۷Ӧ˺ðβʶʲô
ǳؼʱ̣ؼǵطͻȻʹˡ

ôˣۿʵ
ǳšüͷһΰա

Ҳ֪ʲôڸղţڳ˺ܾõǹͻȻ춯ýǳŬԼȴ޷ǹĳ

Ҳס˽ǳ
ǳʶ˦ȻڵȶȴڴʱȻϮ

ǣû˦ֿۣס۵֡

ûϵġۿڰοշ
ǳգȴվֲȶĥ

ǻ˴ǰȻԷŻһΡһһռλñʧˣǴȻС춯ǳʼԻָƽ

ֵǣڵȶøˡ
Խǳջǰưͷƾ۶ʩΪ




۴ǰȻشıȴ˿ûвףҲһֻ಻١

ۼǳȤ̲ס˶Ū˼Žǳ˵ƽﲻ˵Ļǳ֪⣬ֻãŲסˣ㽫ݸۣ˼۶㡣

ۿЦãȴҲû˽ǳĺ⡣
ֻϵ乬ֻѾ׼Ҫˡ

ݣ۽޵ʱȡЧȻס

û뵽ǳδźôأѻȴܲʶش˽

ѻҲ뵽ǳһݣ뵽ǳ;ݸۣԾô⧲۶ϡ

ֲҷֱ治廹壬ԭϾħߵѻǰϴż⡣

ѻ˿һϢ̧ۿۣЦһ
۴˿緢ʢûпͷųѹҲѻ̲סӡ

Ϊĸ߽״۵ͺǿ
δʱǽǳҲĶ֡

ֻĵطˣϰ׸һôĴǳʶ۲ԼĶ֣˵ѻˡ

ΪʲôҪԼһۿʵ
ҲǶġѻδؾˡ

ššü۵һ˿Ի
ڼѻ֮ǰͻɹԷ˾ٵĶȴһֱûͷ

ѻѾܣҲûŪĶ
ǧ͸ô˵

˭ָʹ㣿ۿʵħĶͬһ
ѻ۵һ˿ȣ۵㿴ͦġ

ǰͷų߽޵ѹѻʵ㵽Ҫʲô
ҪĶˡѻȻһЦȻǿҲ飬ʹˡ

עĿ⣬ѻ۵ֳһ˿ԹŲţһ֮£

üһ֪뵽ʲôɫЩ
ʱѻĿڵȻдһɼ࣬۵ϸһӡ

תͷȥǳѾ᣺˳
ǳϵ·ѾˣͷҲһ˿ĺۼ

Ψ.ϱ˱ĺۣԼ۽δȥĺ⣬żζֻҪǿܲǳϴ˿մ۵ʾڹȥʱܵ顣

۱Ŀ⣬ûҼŽǳ

ǳûпۣǾֱߵѻߡ
ѻʧȥ֧ţѾ䵽˵ϣΡ

ĿòȴҲֻһȾħ˿̱ҲűʱԹȥЩ

ȥɡǳڣͬʱ̧ͷų
ѻϵħ̼㱻ɫپˡ

ǳͷų˿ûԷС˿ûܵӰ֮⣬ͷС˸綼̲סһݣǳ߽״ѹסˡ

šüһĻЩӡ
ٿǳʱһνǳͱʱҲûĸо

һʱ֪ݣ˵ǳŭǱģƺҲɲ֪ΪΣýǳ˿̵֪֮⣬Լżĥ͸Ĳ֡

ѵǱѻħӰˣ
вɿһ£Ժзѻ˵ĻһʱҲûͷ

ʱС˸綼ˣǰһĻЩȡ
Ȼµѻû뵽ô

ǳɢ⣬ͷҲصسš
̧Ŵϣȴǳ˦еסȥ·

С˸״ʲôæųȥ

ôأС˸翪ڵ
ǳ˫ʹߣʱڵȴٴδ춯

ǳùǺֱ޲ýŪʬΣȴƫƫ޿κΡ
С˸һ⣬Ŀź⣬ڰοշβлһΡ

С˸ֻΪָԽǳǿȴ֪Ϊǳؼʱ̲ˣϹοʵڲУ»ظʹ¸ҩܹû취۸˰ɣ

ǳ

ǳգȴȥˡշǾ仰
˷ǹԼ⡣

һȶ֮ǰŪʱܲڻɰɣ
ҽǳ۴ǰǱ֣оԷƺҲͦڴԼܶʩΪ




27.  ֧   ǳһ̬

Է, ѻδɢ
յѻʬǰһۣҡҡͷ

ôһĲɵʵ
۵ͷԼϱǳи˵Ŀӣڵˣ㲻ǿ𣿡

һ, һڻĶ, һߵʵô, ûֻѻ
ʲôʱöԱϵôȤ?ûص

æҲ, ˵ΪʲôǸն, ͸Ƣ

֪ǰǳΪ˽ⶾ, ҪʬΣ۵ʱΪ˱򡣵Щۺͽǳദû㲻, ǳΪ˹, ΪѾܺгˡ

Ĳ˵ڽⶾ飬ܸôһ˰ɣ
û뵽ǰͷ׽գ·ֿʼֱŤ

㻹ǲ֪ĺá̾˿һĻĪ
ǳΪʲôȻ֪, ܽ

ϾǳôӣҲûгҫϰߡ

ϵôָģתƻʵ
̧ԦԣԼϵѾصȫʢʱ״̬

ǲǶݸˣʵ
С˸֮ǰݵ, ǰΪʲô۵ٳûлָû뵽ء

Ҳûʲôģ۱Ӧһ
п;㣬̫, ԡ

˵һ룬һ۾棬ֻý仰˻ȥ

ʱԱѻʬȻЩ춯
۾Ԧʬ壬ȴʬϵɢ֮ʱһֵķġ

ʲôʵ
ššüڵ˭˸

һǱЩ⡣
˵˼һһʱδתƵһϡ

仰˵ǰԼԷ
Ϊ廹һȵģһδȻãǿԽתơ

һ£ûȥһⶫаΥ˰һԷ˴⣬Լ֮ǡ

乬ŵǸ𣿡ʵ
üĿһݣȥ

˵뿪ǹԷ乬ȥ

ǳ⼸գԭƣ
鷳ƣôȥ;·С˸ȥˡ

ҾۼǼңǰǳС˸
С˸绯θڽǳͷǰڵֻӡ

ǳϴż⣬Ļƺʶ࣬ǳ˽һСǰԸЩ롣

ǳҪ˾ƣС˸˲ˡ
ûһṤƲ˺͸ڵĿӶ

ǳ˵͹
С˸һ߿һ߶Žǳ¶ǣϱ˾⡣

С˸䲻رڽǳ߾ˣٻһ˽⽭ǳġӽǳǱϾܲ³ҽ˶ˣǾֻһԭ򡭡Ǹˡ

С˸ǳߴ˴գʵΪҪݸʹô飬ûָǲȻ򲻹㣬ʵʵڲ

ǳǲȾƣС˸ɲôʡ
ǳ˾Ƣ̲࣬סڡ

ǳˣȴûг
С˸¶ƣҲܳԼΪؼʱ̲вʧֵģغϡ

ţԲܴС˸磬ĬƬ̣˸ɣڵöۡƵĽǳż

С˸ԻȻһĴȣһ뿪ˡı顣
ʵ¶治˭ͷ˭ͿС˸ѹǳҴǰ˵ͷǸֺķֺãûʲô˼ġ

С˸ǰͺ볯ǳ˵¶ҽҪϣҲȰֻŽⷽжصãҪϡ

ǳô˵ֻǳͨˣԵ潭ǳˡ

˵Ǹ鲻ûѹ󣬻ײءС˸˵ЦЦڵ˵ǵ˹ؼʱͻȻˣඪǰɣ

ǳһƣľƱһ˷ĩ
ѽ̫ˣǻС˸æ˻ƣｭǳ˸¾Ʊ

С˸˿û⵽ǳı仯֪Լ˽ǳʹԹԵصԽݸʹˣΪ;̫ˣˣ

ǳƳһۣÿɷ
С˸統Ĭˣ̲סЦЦ벻ʹҲвеʱ򡣡

С˸ͦ潭ǳ˵ģЩ飬Ҳû̸ֽľ鵹ǲ١һֱãϾǿԵ֣ûʲôǵһıҪ

ǰǳִЩ飬Ȱǳ㣬Եͺá

յ֪ǳġˡȻΪ֧ʹˣ;ݶ˶ԷС˸ֱ̫οˡ׳λϵĳɼѧˡ

̣ϡ
ҽЩһ㣬ͿԺʹ˶ˡ

ʵϣС˸Ȼ󲿷ֶԣⲿ֣ȴס
ϸ˵ǳȷʵΪмһ̫ĥߴ̲סݸ

ǳƽ￴żƽЩ£ҲɵӣȶʱаգҲȫȻûиܵ෴ǲĽ٣ʵһֱźúܵ

ˣǳҲڱ۶ôһµʱ򣬾ͳסݸ
ףǳҲ

ǳҲⲿ֣Эˣǰļ־ͳһ׵Ц

ǳ룬ź࣬ӦҲΪࡣ
ȻźҲ

鱾͸

󲻻ʹ˵˰ɣС˸Сǳ˾ƣʵ
ǳƱҪһͻȻ۴ǰ˵ȾƵǾ仰ʶֻھƱһСڡ

۵
ǳû⡭

ʵǳִûʲôɡߵСкܶϲͬԻõģͷʲôλõĶСǳλ¶ܾһνϻλҲΪ͸ı˭Ŀ

ԼҲ˵ԼΪʲôļ֡
·һ֪ûлɹҲѹûı䡭

ǳӴΪǵݣⷽŻԽУǽϵλãΪһݺ;ǿƵĿռС

Ϊ±·ʾĳʾЭ
ǳǵ֪ʹȻϱֳ˱ִ

۰ⶾʱ򣬽ǳŭⲢûɡ

һ׺ͷ˵ⶾʱҪϣĬҲӦ˴£ȴԡǳ֪ʼҲûӦʲô׺ͷЩԼֻۡ

Ϊǳ֮ĹڣýǳʶϵΪЩ죬ȻҲĳ֡ӡͷ

ˣǳŻôշŭ
ٻ£ǳŷ۵ⶾδǴˡ衱˼

۾þһ裬ξͲܴӦǳҪ
ϧȻӦˣǳҲûܳɹ

С˸᲻۵ǳһʱҲ벻𰸡

ǺúýǳۣøлԼⶾϾ۶ûзǷ֮룬Ҫô׽飬˵ҲǺΪѵġ׵ضǳȷԼǷԸΪۡԼס

ɽǳǸ
Լǡ

һԸɣǳգֻûôˡ
µڽǳѾλõˡ

ǳǸԼˡ

Ⱳû׷ˣֻ´ܽ۶Щ䱾ػۡ

۲ϲи
´۽еоһֱŲֱۿ

ǳһ뵽۳Լ޵ӣЩ
룬ԼǸôӵˣۿ̫ġ

ֻҪ۾ˣģ϶̾ͻۡ
һϣǳԼúá

乬

ϣǱ̬֮ȴĿͻȻһ֮ϵĻҰ֮Ȼʧˣȡ֮˫սȾϵĺ

۱˫ĿԦץסһ˿ѻδɢȥʶ
͸ĨʶЩѻɢļ䡭

ѻǰ䵽⴦Էʱ˱ĸǣ乬乬һֱ˿úܲ˳졣

ʱ˵ѻͬѻչмӡ
ѻָˣһ֮ȴ˶֮ġ

ٺһһ˽顣

вѻһ֮󣬲ԽԽءѻͼƣ;κ˵ĲԷȴΪմȾ̫˸ľء

Ϊ˱ס˵ѻһֻմȾħ˽ס
϶մȾħԭ򡭡

֪˷ԲźŮ˽ʵ
ššüûлش

ʱѻһдļ䡣
ѻϾеĴ¶ģ˶Դһ֪

Ҫɱ𣿡ʵ
һԣϵħѾʧˡ

ѻȥ֮ǰѾϵħΪһˣϵᷢãҲͲҪħˡ

ʲôǵãǻҲûʲôҪˡ˵ջ֣ûж˶֡
Ȼת׼뿪ʱȴֲ׽һ˿ѻļ䡣

û뵽㾹Ļѻ۵Ҿǿشһ⣬ǻ顣

ѻѾˣǰµģȻû⡣

ѻƺ֪ʲôֱڵ׵˵ܽ׽ȥһħǾһȥұɱˣɱҲ֪˭Ҳ֪Ϊʲôô

ѻһ䣬㳹ʧˡ
һȣû뵽ѻġ

Ҳѹ֣ΪΥࡣ
۾ͲᣬҲֻ˵ѡ

ֻǡѻ˭أ
ΪʲôԷô۵أһʲô˵ѻץ

˭أ

һʱûףȥ˻ʡ
Ѿ˽ᣬҪ˻һ

˻ݲ˵˴£δֳ̫
ֻҪˣʹȫˣ˻ʿҪ

Ҳ𣿡˻ʵ
ʲô֪ۿڵδ˻˵ѻ˵飬ֻ˵ѻǼ乬żľǴ

˻ģתʵȸأôˣ

ۣ

ǿˣ˻̾˿
ۺû뵽˻ʾſǳ

ǳ롣
۰ͽǳ׽ôˣûǳ

˻Ҳ֪ţ

˻ź˰Σתͷһ¶ŰԴСͻȻʵֻӡӣǹ𣿡

ɫһ䣬ס½󴦵ë޵Դ
Ҳܿ˻ʵߡ

˻ûȤֻ˵˼ٻۺ㶫ߡܵʹ͵ʱҲ˽ǳķݣǲȷǲ˵ٶ͡

ͷǿŪ߰ɣƵǡ۳֮ǰߵĹ
ǹæӦԸ˹˽ʹ͵ۺŻȥ

˹۱̲סѻ˵Ƿ
ζ벻˭ôֵķʽ

ǶҪ׽ɸѻĻɫȻǲܳɹģѻ磬ôܻ׽

˵ǶĿѻ
Ϊʲôѻʲô

ҿǰݡһ½̽Դһ߳۸пƶˣ˵Ҫҿͻȥ

ԽŲһ٣Ȼʶʲô

ѻ֪ǳݣ򲻿ô˼ɵȥȻǶѡ񣬿ȻǸ뽫ۺͽǳһ򾡣ͿԻһš

ԣѻҲڽǳ
Ͼûݲָܻ

Ҳ˵ѻǶλǳ˵ģǳǳ˵ġ
ѻǶԵĸͲۣǽǳ

ôˣ鲻Ծʵ
šüͷ૵ΪʲôҪ

ԺȻǳɱѻʱһĻ
ؼţʱĽǳϴһʮİĸоʱ룬Ӧһɱ⡣

ǱŭҲѻ
Ǹһ֣֪Ӻζ

ɫòڵ
û¡ϵĲ˱𣬱첽ˡ

ǳճ׺ˡ
ºʶСžƺȣȵҲú

С˸˳Žͷƽߣһ·˲ٺĿ⡣
ǳƯһ̬ɫ룬΢죬˼ֶ̬

˭ҵĹӣ濡·ϣи뽭ǳĿʱͱǳסˡС˸һۣüĿ㣬ȴ书ģǽǳûõСˣǴЦǳ䡣

ǳС˸ţ뿴һۣҲա
竼ôԼͣ־ȥǳ°͡

ǳһץס֣ЦЦڵе˱
ǰ仰ʱɫʱЩգ仰ֻࡣ

棿竿ʵ
ǳһЦ棬аɡ

ǿ˵ˣˣߣǲźˣӿɲݡ竵ھǻ켣վãһǳ⴩Ŵ֪ͷģûʲôͷ

Ŀ˶ǿȥҲûֹ
ˣӴ˱ǣûʲô

¶һĨЦ־뽫С˸ǳӵ

С˸һֱû֨״Ҫ֣ȴ竱һѽšȻһƨϣ˷ɳ˺üԶһˤûС

˶٣һѽǳţʵ
С˸æû٣ҪǾС

ο˽ǳһۣǳһЦ⿴Լ
Ŀɨǳżʪ˫һ·ڽǳıϣʱӿ߰ͷ

Ҳ𣿡ǳʵ
šüʵʲô

ǳָָԼȻս۶ߣڵѧ˺ܶ໨ģ벻ԣ

ۣ
۲ǰߡ

ǳȴƵģִյ˵˺ЩĻ
ǳ˾ƣϢȣ۶ǵ۲ɺ΢

Žǳתֽǣһѽǳǽϣи磬˵ʲôҶ㡣
ǳĿżãȻҲ֪۵˼ûС

Ƭ̺һЦںƵģȽе

ۣ




28.  ֧   ҵ𣿡

ǳƽʱȶ˶ǵͷ˯, Ҳ֪ôˣ⣬ͦо
ƽһ·ĥĥ, ק˵˺Щ߰Ļ

ٵƽʱ, ǳ֪ӷ, ֱڴϾͱ˿ȸ
˿, ֻý׿ȸαڻ

۽ؼ֮, һ, Ժ˸硣

ôˣС˸µص
ôǵһμĽǳ, ʵЩŵˡ

߰Ľ͸˸Ƶ, һ·ﲻͣ.Ϸʹˣǵʹһſֺ죬ռ˱˵

۱Ű׿ȸϡ
׿ȸδƵģųۻꡣ

ȥɣտۿڳС˸
С˸ʶȤ˳ȥ, ۹˷š

׿ȸԴȻɵ׿ȸߣ˱ӡɫԱצӰŰ׿ȸĳҶǰ, ذ׿ȸë

׿ȸİ֮£ڽɱӵͷ׵ëһ

ãǳ, ˯ˡ
Դ˲佭ǳĲҲŻΡ

۶ŽǳһԺвԾʱ·ϣǳ˵Щ///ǷڴǰҲţĻӽǳ˵

Ͼｭǳⶾʱֻ˵һ䶺ŪĻǳùǺ
˭뵽ֻǼ¶ǣܷŵô

۶ŽǳһԺ߰뷨ܿ˼Σ̾˿뿪ʱƳ˽ǳͷ¶һҳ

סҳһ飬һ顣

šüͷǱ鿴һۣüͷʱšڽǳԱߣǱһҳһҳ꣬Ȼֲýѧô߰㡰Ļû뵽Ǵͷѧġ

һ˼ϴ״Ԫǳ͹飬֪״ԪһֻߵúܽǷ࣬鲻Ҳ֪˭Ūġ

ҡҡͷǳ¶һԴݵЦ⣬ַŻͷ¡

ǳһ˯˽ӽһһҹֹΪƵԵʣΪǰ۰ŽյĶķ

֮飬ǳѾǵˡ
ڹǼ飬ǵһ۰ⶾϸڡ

մӹʱ򣬽ǳбʮա
һҹյǲˣΡ

أǳ̽ͷһۣС˸ԺУʵ
С˸һƬҶأԿڵʹ˳ȥˡ

ǳ˿Һ۲ڼңȻ滹治֪˵ʲôͷһ£Ժű㱻ƿŸʳ˽

ǳ
ǳʶתݣ־̫⣬ſû

ˣֻһۣƿߣ̬ȺȻصԽ¿һҵӣ

ǳ˿ûбŤҲŷ˲١
ߵʯǰӹ۵ݸĵģҧһڡǵĿڸŴŹζģǳϲ

ó𣿡ʵ
ǳ˵ͷһۣȻ˲ǰ۰ⶾʱʱҲʱ۱𣿡ڼһģһ

ۿŽǳﺬŵģԽԽ죬Ҳ֪ʲô
ǳ쵽۵ߣбѾ˵ղָתݡ

˰С˸ãȻһĳ˳ͦó԰
һЦŲµ˽ǳƢɡ

ǻ˴ǰԸǳܶʱȥͽʱʣۻбĴ㣬ɽǳôԼֱŤ

ˣ۶һ̵ģŽǳݡ

ڵô£۽ķϣżɽʵ

ǰڹʱ쵽˽ǳһԼʱΪǽǳŵġսǳȶʱ۲ŷǳԼƺûǹ

¡ǳ
ҵôͲҵ£ʵ

ǳͬ˵£תһ룬۵˵ܰŪˣǳ̬ԷŻЩڵԭģ֪ô£ʧˡ

ššüְ˽ǳϡ
ǳûж㿪Ԧȥ̽ڵ

ҵ𣿡ۿŽǳʵ
ǳһڵһȥʱ͵͵ġ

ĿдЩɻͷų뽭ǳڣŪǳ״ǳڵȴЩܣٴδ춯

㵽ܲܿǳȻջ֣Щ١
ǳܸоͼӽʱҲ֪ûϳˣΪԵʣЩͼ

һʼ춯ǳкܴķӦ
ǷӦ˵жʹ࣬ȴҽǳڵò

šüͷֹ
оǹЩϤģϤִŵİ

۲֪ôݣֻЩ˼
ֲ׳ǳ˵оǵýǳ

۲뵽ѻǰ˵ǷһɲõԤС
ǳ춯᲻йأ

ѻħȱǶԽǳʲô

ܽŪ𣿡ǳʵ
ҽŪʵ

ǳĵⲻϻ
ңҲŪŹꣿ

԰ɡۿڵ
ǳЩεؿֽۣԼֵݸ

ͼŪʧˡǳڵ
пһ£Ūɼȷ֡

ûٶ룬סǳ֣ٴԦԼ뽭ǳڣͼͷҳԼǹ

ܿ죬۱㴥ǹ
Ȼ߶뽫ǹŪʱȴǵǹʼ궯

ǳϵʱ߳亹ҲЩ
ǳʹ˷Ǵ˷ʧܣԽԽ

ܵҪֵʱ򣬽ǳס۵֣뿪Լ
ֻü߶ǳܿЩܲסۻ

ÿճֻסǳڵ´԰ɡ
ҪܳŵסǳԴۼЩ

˿Ȼջ

ΪʲôǳЩ٣ʵ
ۿڵ̫Σˣˡ

ҲںǳƵĵ
ַȥͷ亹ڵں

ǳһЩãȻؿһʱЩز
ֵԼңҲҪԼȥ

ǳ
뽫ŪΪۣʵ˼Ҳý͡

һҪŪǳڵ㲻ңҲķӡ
ɫһκ󿪿ڵ֪һˣа취

ǳĿһʵ˭
ۿڵھǣݵ

ܴȥ𣿡ǳʵ
۵˵ͷȻ

ǳһϲڽһͷһ㡣
ۿŽǳзһɨգǸоЩӡ

һӿӵͷȴûЩͷڽǳʿֻףҪĺͽǳҪĲһ

۵˼±Գǳȴһ׮ûȥ졣

գǳС˸ȥԺ״Ԫɴ˸ҪԼ״Ԫɼ档
ĵصԼ˲¥ǳ㵽ˣûһ״ԪҲˡ

״Ԫ緢ǳԼʲôʱ򿴵ԷԷ۾ﶼһֶصĹʣ·зնסƵġ

ǳԼȶ鳯״Ԫ˵ˣֽԼ֮Ӹ˶Էӣһȶģ״Ԫˣһƺܿͻᵽ

ʵⶾҲһ취ûСǳֻҪܿÿ
ǳ뵽ҵӣвЩ״Ԫϧ

֮䵽Ǹ³ȡ
״Ԫȴʲôûֻ߱㱻ħˡ

˻һν̣Ѿ䣬Ҳȥüʮع״ԪɵһЦڵ˻ʮ꣬ҲδܼһԲ

ǳһû뵽״ԪɾľвЩѹĵ״ԪľԼݵʱֻ¾ͼˡ

ǳҲ֪״Ԫͨ͸֮ˣԼûҪȰ

ǳ뵽˺ŶԷƺǽкţĿʵأ
һҵһ죬Ҷסʱɱҡ״ԪɵҺеСԸ˷ѣ

״Ԫ˵ŲЦǳЦЦȴЩơ
һ̣ͻȻ˷𡭡

ǰͬ˵׽ݣǣʱͽ˱һ̽ǳᵽ˷ǻ˼ֲ÷˭׽Ͼ˭Ҳӵ֮ķ˻þá


ȥС

֪Ҫȥݵʵһ
ֻݵԶ½أҪȥҲƾɹȥ

ΪƬ򲻽ޱȣ˽硣
ҪȥݵһϿʱ·ϵĽ硣

ѻǰ˵Ƿ˼ȥܾò۵
ݵϵɢˣ˵˷ħмֱ£æԽµ֣ȷǳȻ

ֻأҡ
ɡ۵Ҳȥġ

뵽ǳɱѻʱϳֵǹ㲻ü

ѻǶԽǳûͼΪλýǳɱѻħںǰûڣ֪ˣͲýǳȥɱħ

ѾˣٶҲû洦
Ψһģ취ء

Сʻ괬һҲûл
۵˵ͷܱ˭ҶԴˣħѻ˵ͷֻб

ǶһֱǣõѡǱ䱻Ϊ
ֻҪǶǰͷǶ·ߡ

һ˰ɡ
ء۵ȥδǻھǰɡ

Ե˵ͷû˵ʲô


ǳ״Ԫɸ״Ԫȴס

Ըɴˣ״Ԫ۵״żЦʵ
ЩˣǷڴǰǲᳯǳʵġ

ѾĸҲˣѵԽһΡ
ǳ״Ԫɣϲԣȴơ

תһ룬״ԪϰԼôæ״Ԫ֪ԼʧˣǺöԷʧ

ˣǳüһЦڵȻǴˡ
״ԪԵЦЦڵǾ͹ϲˡ

ǳЦЦתߣȴ۱Ÿ첲

㡭ʲôʱģǳʵ
۵ʲôû

ǳ˿лǲЩΣҺûȻ𴩣ԼɾͶˡ

ˣʵ
šǳ˵ͷ״Ԫɵľ˵ˡ

룬ڰοҲδûлټ
Ϊʲôǳ⣬ʵ

룬ȴûлشֻһĨζЦ⡣
ǳһܾЦе㲻⡣

û黹˼ңʵ
ǳŲһ٣װɵʲô飿

Цһڵʮʽ
ۣǳڴŭ͵ҵ飿

һ޹صطпġ
ʱһطˣǳʵ

룬ڵ˵˺ЩĻҹе֮󡣡

ǳ

𣿡ǳʵ

ۣ

ǳ۴ձȥݳǡ
С˸Ҳθǣ䵱еСˡ

ݳ֮۱æǰæȥð˺öණ
ǳʱЩ⣬֪۾ǴЩȥݵλ

ôܳȥڵǳʵ
۳͵˵ɢ˷ˣħ˵ˣħ

һԵС˸ǲģҲֻɣôģѵһˣһһħȻ԰һôŪ

ǳ
ۣ

𣿡ǳʵ
йһ֮Եۿڣһ˿㱣·ĳЩ¡

ܿȥƺǲýǳ졣

ܳڵǳƵģһ顣
ĵܳڵܡҼڵħ

ǳЩȣƺ˼Ǹ˵ı¡
ħⶫֻմȾϵ˵ħħڴһ㣬Ϊһ壬Ҫǲܵġ

ǰ̫ף˵ħضǺߡ
ɼ˵ȷǵ֮ٽǳû˵ôһǸˡ

ǲ˳Ҳܰҽȶˣǳʶʵ
ۿڵȶһ㵹Ҳԡ

ǳԵһӦǣ֪״Ԫˡ
תһ룬ӦҲˣ״ԪδԸⱼһˡ

ǽȶͲʹ˰æⶾˡС˸翪ڵ
ǳһȻһ¡

ȶˣûлٺ׽
ˣǳͻȻЩûʧһϣȶܽˣһ־ǽûЩ£δЩźԸԳ֮ٽȶ

ʲôأۼǳĪ⣬ʵ
ǳһڵûʲô롭ȰŪȽҪ

һЩɻشǳ
С˸ȴ顱Ȼ֪ǵһˡ

죬Ȼëӽǳ
С˸統ס죬Ͷȥһֻ᲻Դı顣

ۣ

û˼Ǿóμ棬ô鷳˼ҡǳõؽ͵ȻҲ鷳ܵ÷ָȺ󣬻ǿڵ϶סЩӣøҽŪЩʱգٰҽȶ

۵Ⱦһ˿Ц⣬ͷš
ǳؿһۣʵʲô

ʲôû롣Ц
ǳһɵشƬ̣ܾ񲻴Ծ




29.  ֧   Ƥë𡭡

۴ŽǳС˸绨˽һյĹƷ
һ, ȥǰݵĴ

˵Ǵգ㵽ͷ
˴֮ȴˣ

Ǵھǵ𣿡Ƴһ̽СԴʵ
ЦЦǳû, ·ϺõӦһ

ô˵, ֪, ˷Ӧǲ, Ÿ
ȻԶԶ, ·ܶ, ܹһЩ

Ҳû˵ʲô

⴬ԭǸ洬ǲ̵, ΪݵûסͨĿʹûǱߵ, ̴ǲƵǱߣŵ洬ͼ㡣

ۣöˮС˸ԴʻۿھͿʼ˷ܵ£ֵֻ쳣Ծ
ʵϣǳҲǵһһ޼ʵĺ, жҲЩƽһֱվڼװϿ

кܶǳϪͺָоͺȫһġǳҲ˵Դʱʲô飬ֻԼϤ, ǸоȴֲС

˴֮ڼװ˿طﱧСɹ̫
ֻ˴ûһͲӰһ綼ûֹ

ʹȥĶС˸˷ܾ, ŷ۲ڡ
һԵڵδѾ˯ȥ˰ɡ

ǳһû뵽۾ë

Ҽǵüǰһδֻͷ˲һʱҪȥڵһź˳յĹŰ߸ǵĴա

ǳ
Բһһͷɫڰ׷ŴܵĻ棬оЩЦ

С˸˿Ҳڼװɹ̫Կǳڵʹ˺ÿҲ֪ˡ

ǳĵԼģҲűˡ
תһ룬˷Ϊڵһˡ

ˣǳ̾˿ֻᲽ˴ա

⴬洬ܹסĿͷֻ䣬еһһڣС˸ֻܼһͷС˸β֪ĸ߷ڣ˵Լ˯ͷʣµǼø˽ǳۡ

ǳ֮󣬱ϣɫЩ԰ס
Ų̧Ƥһۣǽǳֱ۾

ˮ𣿡ǳЩɻʵ
صˮֻ

ǳģЩЦĵԴӹط꣬۸岻˾δʱ񲻶ࡣ

𣿡ǳʵ
ҡҡͷκֵ˵ͷ۾Žǳ

ܲҴһۿʵ
ǳʶܾĿЩ԰׵ϣЩ

ƽ俴Ųദʵ˵ʱҲٻᳯǳʾټű۸ľǳʶǸǿƵ

ǿƲоֹϣǹ͸һʡ
ֵҲڸǲסĸо

˿̣۰ͰͿŽǳӣȴżִУڽǳкԻԡ

һҲΰǳȻô˵ȴû뿪齱ߡ
۳ŲŲǳ˸λóʾ⽭ǳߡ

ǳأ۱㻯˺ɫԱģţ۾ſǳ

ڽǳӡУۺٻǰɱӡ
ǽǳȸ̬ʱ۲Żɱë

ǳεʱۺٻˡ
ΪϰֻʱŻչ¶ԭΣһսʱһʾʾ׽ʱ

ֻǰŻԱӵ̬һٽǳữΡ

~ɫԱзСʣеֺǲǳǵһδۿĶ˼֣߹ȥɵ˶Էߡ

ҡҡλΣɫԱ͵ط˸Žǳ塣
ǳûбܿתͷƳߵıüۣźǿ

ǽǳʹ̧ڱǰο
һ֮£ǳϵƤë⻬мãҪöࡣ

ǳʶԼǰһֱûôӵëԭôֲÿ챧ȥƤëĴеԡ

ǳһһ£ҵĳȤЩ񫡣
ɫԱƺǱߣëߣˣ࣬һֻצʶڽǳϾô˯ˡ

ǳڱӱһȻת˱ӵĸ
ԷëȱϸŸ

Ľͨǲκ˴ģǳӶʱһ±ӵ飬Էһ۾ǽǳֱ֮۾˯˹ȥ

ǳû˹˼ɣһֻڱӶ϶ȥκԼǰŹĺݻ˵Ҫ۰Ƥ۵Ƥŵ档

ǳ⻰ôõƤëŵȷЩϧˡ
ΧǴп϶

ǳ˼ŵʱ䲻˱ӵĺȸ
ĳĴĵطһǳʶʲôǱ̵һ֡

ǳ˿ؿһ۱ӣԷ˯úܳ˿ûвǳ񣬽εһĻԺȻһ̣ԺȴͻȻһֵͷ

ǳԥ˰ΣûסŤͷһۡ
źҲǺܾˣô֮ô

ǳ侲Ƭ̣һ¡
ϡǵ˵ͷд̡

ǳ£бЩ棬ѹ˰ҲЩزסǺġ
˯óҲ׽ֹһΣһҲðɣ

ôţǳ㰴಻סģսһۡ

Ȼд̰
ǳ˿ĵ۰ⶾʱΡ

򡭡
ֻһ룬̲ס˸

ǳип̲סƳһۡ
ȻδüջĿ⣬Ŷ۵

ÿ𣿡

ǳ
ͻȻе

ڼװɹһյ̫ջûУǺС˸ˡ
С˸绰ڣϲС

ҹĸˣ㽫СиС˸磬С˸Сӡڴ˽磬Ҳõĳʲô⡣

С˸ʱͦ˵ģԼܵĪΡ
ŷֻǴҪæС£˦

Сǰǲ޲֣С˸һֱֵ֨֨СС˸簲˰Ҳûʲôãżǵģ¸Сˡ

С˸Щƣֲȥ飬ֻίͰȥҽǳ
ݵʱ򣬱ǳһ޿齱ߣɫԱԴϣ˯㡣

ôˣС˸糯ǳʵ
ǳܽԼ͵۱ץ¸ֻҡҡͷ

С˸罫ŵСӷŵǳһֻҲǿֻҲǿһ°ɡ

ǳšüë޵Сʵô
ˡС˸һ˵̾˿¡

СС˸ǻ֨֨ţ˽ǳ֮㰲ࡣֻŽǳָԱᣬ˺ɫԱߣԷＷ˼ôſڱ˯ˡ

ԭëľǵС˸ε
Ӹܵİۿһ£ֱˡ

ǳڱߵСʱЩЦ
СûˣӣӲ˵ӣҲǲУë

ǳ̲ס˳˼·롣
۵ƤëǺɫģǽСӣǲҲǺڵģ

СҪô˯һۿȥǷֲ壿

С˸Сʵˣûȥˡ
ǳ£˯һȴڴЩг

šü˰ΣʶĶǰͦƵģǵ˸˴ЩܲŲصĴ崫ߡ

ǳһۺСǶûѡ
˶񣬾Լȥȴǲɱ˲ٶ

ǳȵط֣ƽ￴ͦ˹ĵģû뵽Ҳϲ۸ﲻסŪҲͰˣˣҲ֪

ǳа
Ȼ嶼ǻ쵰ûһö

ͷϲСǽǣڶʱ򣬽ǳЩŤ
ջΣǳʱΪС鳯л

ǳ̲ס۲ۣΪ۸ˣû뵽ɺɫģ˿˵ӡ

ǳ֪Լòͱ˵飬סûʡ
ֱֲСǽǣЩ಻סˡ

˿գĳһ䣺ǲô۸㣿
һܿ췴Ӧ˽ǳ⻰˼ڵһºˡ

ǳ״ֻԼ¶ˣΪ⸱Ϊί
£ҵױߵö࣬ʲôίԳ˵ǳ

Ŀһ˿ΣЩΪصˡ
㲻ڣҶˡǳڵ

ôһ˵Ӷ͸ˡ
˽ǳеĹģ֪¸óǳᡣ

⣬֪ǳ۾ֹһ飬˵ᰡν۸δ۸ҲһѹĿޣ⻰ôǳ˵

ڵǣͬʹ˲Ҳ
ǡǳһڵҴǺġ

ЦЦڵǶʹʹˣ
ʲôǳ

飬֪ǳϣ붼̸ֽйҲδȫϣеȤϲҲֵܷ塣

ǵÿգʹˣδزϲ۸˵ճЦЦˡ

ǳıӰΣɻ
룬ô˻ĸԸϲ۸

ںգۼûô
⴬ûвľȡټδԵʣһֱֵúܲ

ҹ󣬽ǳصۻ齱ߣί١
ǳߵߵһˮʵ?

ۿһۣ˵ͷ
ǳĿЩ۽ϣͻȻʲôڵ˵ģ͸ȡ

һ̧ۿǳǳĿдżֶŪ֮⡣
ȥ۵׸Ц⣬Žǳǳιҡ

ǳ
֪Ϊʲôǳ⸱ģǵԽ˶Ū˼ٶ˵ܺ۾

ǳ
һ˲ǻ˼

ԭ۸ˣĸо
ǳԺʱӿֳ಻˼˵ڵͷԼ̲סˡ

ȻʱͻȻҵҡΣǱסƵģˡ
ǳˮݸۣת첽˴ա

˿ٽգϦͣһۿȥͨһƬ
ǺɫŹڴۣǵûĿĸо͸һ˵Ĺ졣

ô£˿Ҳ߳˴գǳʵ
ǳšüͷڵİ

δ䣬Χһ󼱴ٵˮź潦ˮԾһֻɳĴ㣬ͨ죬ɢžҵζƫ˴ϡ

ǰڴ磬㾹ֱӽĽ綼ˡ

ǳ룬Ԧ㳯Ϯȥ
ȻʱȴԾһɫӰ˵˵ϡ

˵˽ǳ֮㻯ΣŽǳ͵һԶ

ǳŷµκɫճҺճҺֻƬ̱㽫ߵļװ͸ˡǽǳŴȻᱻϵճҺˡ

ȽǳǷӦһԾ㳯Ϯ

ǳлɫгȥȻڴʱȴһĽǶȻ壬˿û˵

㿪һľ׮һֻȥУڴϹ˼Ȧ֮׷꣬Ϳɢˡ

֪ĶҲһľ׮۶һۣһͬľ׮£Ԧһﵽ˰С

ǳû߶ȥƽ˺
ͨһ亣˾޴ˮ

ãԶǰС˸翪ںʡ

Ȼʱһοʼ˾ҵػζ
´ҡЩվȣЩ˦ɳȥ

һץסۣǳȥԱ
ǳԿ첽뿪ȥȷϴԱİΣ

£ǴԱ£ǵпûһƴģʱЩ鷳

ȻʱٴοʼҡΣȴǳЩվȡ
ţͻȻѳ룬ǡڴĶϿڴ⧲㳯ȥ

ۼֿ죬סۡ
Ȼھҵĵ֮£ﴧŵСȴֱֱ˳ȥ

ֻɫССӰڿлһߣźȥ
ͬʱǰ´ֻȴһԾ𣬳һһСӰѪڡ

һĻ˫Ŀͨ죬ҪϢʶ볯ȥȴסεһקסˡ岻ɣһսҪоȳСȴ򲻿ܵġ

һ˫ĿſµӰϵܿƵк

ʱһɫӰȻɹһ֧һ㻬ڣٶȿ쵽ΡǰɫӰڻʱסһһСӰ˳㽫ԼİɫŵĿС

һֻ˲Ϣ֮䣬Ӧû巢ʲôֻ˳һҧȥʱǳİɫ˸Դ

ȥǳڣͬʱ߶ɫС
ڳ»ֳ롣




30.  ֧   ϶ǡ

ѪʱĺˮȾһƬ, ǳ濴żΪĿ
ǳץСŴһȦȷϸûбشϡ

һ±㻯Σȥ˵, öͷԷ, һ߲ס, һ, Ŵµ

ƽ￴ͦӢ, ޵ӿʮ, ƵġСһ߰, ο

ǳջĿ⣬һۡ
ɫ԰׵ڴ, ܲá

ԭΪδԵЩ־һʣԽǳššü۵һֱʹţǹܿƵġ

ǳƺֹδ, Щˮ
ǳˮֻǲںº

û°ɣǳʵ
۳¶һǿЦ⣬ڵ㷽ź

ǳһαô, Щϰߣòײſס˱飬ûԼֵ̫ʧ̬ﻹСأװСһ, ۵ûӦ

׹ˣҪǳͷ
ǳһСӻڵ´ηӵ´ɡ

ͷСõףǼҪˣæǰο

ʱٴһС˸ųɹڵҪˣǵ취ȻɾҪιˣ

֪ʲôӣһһС롣ǺеĴڽϴһ봬ϣһ봬δ뺣УǱһСһ봬Ƭ̹Ѿû뺣ˡ

бõС𣿡һַסǳֱۣԶһתĴʵ
еİǷŸŴһˡſǻ

ššüͷԽԽĺ棬ƺ˼ʲô
ǳʾС˸տۣԦ˸硣

ȷ᲻һֻΪ˱ֻΧǻûأ˵ˡ

½ҡ۳ľȴһʱķӡ
⣬ָŴʼŪľ

ЩǾºˣҲǼ˵ģɼֻͷһ⣬жЩˡǺ¹麦£½ôһк˹ʼæŪľ

ݵòԶˣҺС˸ԴǷɹȥǳڵ
ҡҡͷ̫ˣܲܽﲻܡ

ȻǳΣһۣǵ̬һδܵȵٻҪǣϵǲ֪밶߻жԶҲȷͷûн磬ýǳһߣ̫ðա

߰ɣݵķɣɴǡۿڵ
ǳšüƬ̣֪Σ˵׵ķӡ

С˸壬ۺ壬½ϼûʲôУһ˺ȴҪСģһͿһССˮС˸Աۺһҵֻ׸ķݶ

ʱƣûٶԽԽ죬ۿ˶þҪû뺣ˡ

𵢸ˣĽ磬ʱǰȫġ۵
ɫЩ԰ףĿȴܼᶨǴżֹеǿơ

ǳ˵ͷûٶ˵ʲô֪ʱûҪνļ֡

ܲͷһߣŴæʱ˸ʱĲ㽫СӶװȥ

ǳۺǲףСССȴҪʲô

ԡǳڵ

ʾӣ۾ΣƺԸ⡣֪Լǵﲻæֻ鷳̧ĨĨ۾ӡ

û࿴װǲݸ˽ǳ
ǳͷһۣĵڲϿСףͷС⿴

ǡǳӹǲС˸
С˸Ȼ΢ҲСɺôǸ壬ɡ

С˸˵ͷûж˵ʲô֪ԼŽǳҲﲻæ

ˡǳڿն̼˺ƽ档
ۿŽǳıӰðζûջߡ

ǳװСӵĲݵķ˴յĹ򣬲ԶԶݵӰӡһ·Ҫһ߷һ߱򣬻ҪסķƽϵĽ磬ǽƣ

ңҿûóȻһȻʱǳŲס;ŵĵطûУǲǽ첻Ӧеصز顣

ǳԶСַһξ룬ԶԶ㿴һҴڳʻƺǴӵʻġ

ǳͷһ𣬳Ҵȥ
찤Ҵʱ򣬱ͷżǳɫ۵ꡣ

ǳŴһȦԱţҲ֮̽˵̬ȡǳȷϵ˶ûе⣬£򻺻ڴͷ

ͿǹĽһ곯ǳֵ
꿴Ųʮ߰ͣϵûǿȴһַˣǳ뵽λɢˡ

ʶǳΣԴص
ֻһֻ׿ȸǿ󣬲Ѱ壬Բдһʡ

ǳԵ˵ͷǳԼݣ򵥳˵һ
Բ⣬ڵҵȲϵĽŸ鿴û뵽͡

ѻںǳڵ
ͷģҵǰȥӦ겻Ƚǳ˵꣬㿪ڵ

ǳԷؽϾݵȻӦǳ֪ٵǵİΣˡʱǳǽӦûܳã״ãȴҲǳصģټЭԱһʱǲġ

ǳɫƣ֪һ·϶Ȼķ˲ϾݵĽ綼ɢµģѰСͻƣǸ߽״ҪһһƿҲ÷Щ

ˣûýǳٸǱеֱ꣬ӽǳǴݵԼȥӦǡ

·ǳͷ·̶˳ûٺķȥ硣
ݵϣǳʶ⴫˵еɢ˹Ȼ鴫

δԷ棬ƾһ·ƽЩ磬Լϳжϳݵ˶ȻѰ֮

ƬĽ磬ʦÿ궼ȥ޲һΣʦչشӣûϼ飬û뵽͵徻ŽǳСһߴŽǳ˵һ߿ڽ͵

ǳһʵ˵ɢڱչأ
ǰͲصģʦӦúܿܳˣڵСסգܼʦˡ

ǳҲûټ׷ʣǻûƽҲŵĴ¡
ҲһˣൢЩʱҲ޷

ｭǳڵϰס¾ɿڲؿ
ǶԴǳ̬ȴǡôķִ磬ȲԵ룬ûйֵء

һֱóܵǵİΣ

ǳ˼룬԰οҷſģҵĽ绤ţµġ
˵ͷɫЩ԰ףǳ֪СôһʣƱŵòᡣڽǳǰһֱûбֳֵԼĲڲˡ

ǳᰲοˣȴֲķӲܡ
˵СӻƤӵ³أǳСӣЩڡ

½ңôʶģǳڣתһע
۾һע汻ת˲٣ڵǻҸѧữβã½ҼˡҸͷСģûҡ

ʱѧữΣײʱ·û
ʱֻȤּӵСúܣ̲סŪ

ŶţͶ˸顣

΢Լѻȥû½ұˡﱧСӣȾЩ⣬ֵһʼֻӻĺܺá

ǳȻ˵һμԷʱΡǸʱЩֻëץߣǱǡʱСӣ¶Ҫ׶༪ˡ

ˣ壬С˸СҲֻıӻ
зţйôһط

ݽǳ֪岢һһԱСĵط
޴ɱȥкͬѾһ棬ȥı

ԶԣǷС֮
˻ʺԼĵطԱӻ壬Ҳ˳ӻһ塣

·ϣҼƺһֱΪǹԵ𣿡ʵ

ǳ˵ͷβϧɢ˰æϣܽڵȡ

ŽǳһЩĵʵڱչأû°ɣ
޷⼸ջܵȵġǳڴ˵вʱˣҶϰˡ

˵ͷԷЩ
κʲôʵγֵģ

ǳԸͬ£ʱȴ䱸֮ġ
̫СԵÿ˵ʱ̫ʵںϧ

Խǳûԥ㽫ôԼڣʧȡ˵ˡ

ʹҲû취𣿡ʵ
û취û취ǳ̾˿

͵͵̧ۿ˽ǳһСʵǷ⣬ԣ
㣿ǳһʶԼ̫ԣæԡ

ô˵ȴǣ۶û취£ôзӣ£⣬Ƶֵݸ˼ԡ

Щִٵ֣˽ǳġ

ǳԼֻֿ֣СҲССĸо˵̫Ҳǻ쵰ýһδŪޡ

ͳЩڽǳһա
ǳؿڵû£ûҲ֮Уô򵥾ܸ㶨Ҳôݵˡ

Ņ̀ۿǳɫż־ᡣ
ǳ״ʵ˵ʲô˵ع˼ʲô

룬ʵʹˡǺ⣿
ǳ룬ڵǰЩڵģҴһǿǽҹ˰ɡΪ磽ȶ֮ûбǣ

ʵϲ𣿡
Ȼϲǳڵϲġ

̾˿Щǡ
ǳ⸱ЩЦãڵлֱ˵ǣع˼ʲô

ǳȻʱΪֹۣﲢǸ侲֮Ҳ֪¶ԼһɵģԼ

˵ףǳûΪ˼ۡ

Ҿֱ˵ˡ˿ǳڵʹ˵ġ
ǳһʵôܲģҲδմȾ

æҲʹ˵İɣǡġ
ǳЩãȻʧЦ⵹Ҳ٣ڴˣҲЩϲˣ۲ӦŪ

šüŽǳСصʹ˵ġ
ǳԽԽС󼸺ˣս˼֡

Ƭ̺󣬱С³֣ӡ
ǳûعֻ

Ƴ飬кǽš

˵ǳ֮Ĺϵܸӣǳ׿˵ˣϲۣ϶Խǳ˵ǸϢ

ǲѣֻϵԽãԽ鷳

ʲôӣǳʵ
㡭ˡڵ

ǳ 
ǳ
ǳ

Цǳɫһ䣬ڵ
ִǳ֣ڵڵ

ǳһʶԦһԣȻһĨ뽭ǳ״Եظоֺι̣Ǵһ㡣

ǲǺ񣿡ʵС
ǳȻſ֣˼ڵܣһֻôôˣ϶ǡУ

͵岻壬֮ӻԲôٴСӻָ졭˵Сֵǿµû飬ź½˵һ顣

һ˵һ̥üֻ֪Ϊֻһֻ
ŻᶯͷһһС顣

Ͼ󲿷һֻ̥ϣȺǵϰԡ

ԡ㲻ǼУǳʵ
Ǽٵġ

ǳšüκҡҡͷЩؿڵҲܡһ𶼿ô£ֲǴ򡭡

Ϊ˸ʹҲûľϲò֡ǲţȥйеһʱ֪ǲˡ

ǳ

岻˲ҴʱһԱ֪󲿷ʱ򣬶ǿ֪ж飬ʱǳǡý۵ڣȻһʶ϶۵

Ƿۣ䶼ΣȴҲ롣
ҽǳǸӣ˭Ҳ뵽һϡ

壬壬Բܣǳֵֻ񣡡
ǱǸӣЩķǳˡ

úǶʲôܣҲ۵
ǳĿСϣȻҲ뵽һ㣬ɫʱЩ԰ס

ǳ

ܣ
ţ





31.  ֧   пɡ

̧Сǳ, ǳüͷɫǲͷꡣ

ǳһÿ˫Ưƽܴż⣬࿴, Ҳ, ֱ

ʱ˿, ǳ˫ĿȴûǷ, ȡ֮ǲЩŭ
˭뵽, ĽҲ¶⸱̬أ

ᳶһ䡣
ǳֳ̧˰, һƣصû£ֻ뾲

Ա˵һ, ٴ
ǳʧǵ£һʱֻ֮Ҳ

ҲԼ, ⲻġ
ĻֻۿȸһҪϵǸôУ

ǳ룬СûֻУǹ, ͷ壬еǴ

ǲеģ

ǳתͷҲĿдһĨǺ͹ġ
ܲһڵǳʵ

æ˵ͷ, ߵǳߣԼֵݸ

ǳֽգԦ̽ڣܿ㴥Ƕһĸо, ʵʵڣȴԲһ

෴ǳȥʱԼоģڽǳʱģģĸЩӦͬǳк

ôһ̽ǳòţȷˡ

ǳջ֣Ԧ̽һԼ
ԸϣԼ״̬ȷơ

ǰǳһֱĨų˼ܸоǳĵ⣬ÿ춯ʱܲ֡ǳĻִȻδȥúøܹ

ϸϸԽǳǴλص󣬱ֵʮֲѰ
춯̫ǳҲôա

˼ǣССһĨ޲ߡ
ǳǵãʱǿнʱԼЩˡ

ǡǸһб㶼˵ͨˡ

ǳ뵽ǵôˡ񡱣ƫƫɱ˫ۣʼֻ۵ģδбĿܡ

ҲΪ̫ƶⷽ澭ķ۲Żᱻһƫˡ

˵ôᵽ˽գٳûжǳʵ
ǳǵãĴƿȸͨż֮һ±

ǳһ춯ȥƽ鷳ʱⶫ˵Ǿڹһΰⶾʱеġ

ϸɹ˲ֹһˡ

ǴȻҲЩýǳ룬ǾشΪѰ屾ͲͬɣֻԽǸߵӾԽЩ

ǳššüһʱ֮Ҳ֪û˵
ֵֻ˾ţһЩ

ǳһǴλص󲻾ã㳯֡ѹ𣬸οδεСǳǵ֮ͣá

Сٳûйأ

۲콭ǳɫκֿڵֻʱʹйأʹԭֻӣӵںҪġ

ǳ
쵰

ǳɫһ䣬ϵķȥ
Ƴɫæס˿ڲ˵

ʱͷ
߹ȥųһһꡣ

쵽ŵʱˣΪλ׼ţ֪ͿʲôԵģʲôɿڣͿسʵ

ݵЩӶ붼ǿƽﲻҪš֪²ʳҲкһŵϰߣԴʱͰŷʳõ˿ˡ

ͷСˣС˵תͷһ۽ǳѯʽǳ
ǳššüڵо𣿡

ſæеģԴһ㽫Ʋ˸λ͹
˵ձˣ߻£ǳɫɲá

ûһ򣬵ϵ˾Ʋ˹

Ϊ껹⳯ǳͣ˵ǵƽɢµĴʦֺͶʦ֣ΪҪ죬Զȥ˽أûдǡǻ˴ǰйٲҪġ

ǳͲЩ飬˰ʾ겻ؿ
꽫Ʋ˰ںãѯ˽ǳûбķԸ뿪

ǣʲôʱܻһϵľƲˣڵ
ǳһ뵽ڴϣ˵ñŻ̲סҪ۶֡Ƴɫ֪˳ڵİΣ㿪ڵǾ룬һ͵ˡ

Ե˵ͷڲסĵɫ

ǳ£ԡ
ǳҪ˾ƣ¾ײСӣžƺȥˡ

סתһȦ˿Ŵɵ֦£ƾơ

һھ¶ǣǳȾ˵ĵ⡣
̾˿պãȻһӿ

벻ףԼֻôأ
һǻ쵰֡

ǳǰﻮúɢ˰ڵ֮Ժۣ´ȶ֮ʱ۸۸ۡ

۵ӣıЦ
Ī˵Ժûлᣬǳѹ˼ûˡ

޲ýʬΣΪԼڶ

Ȼ֪²ܿƵģҲΪⶾŻɽǳȻƲסһ⡣۵ʵʵ£Ͳн鷢Ҳỳ۵ӡ

˵˵ȥۣ
ǧ۵Ĵ

۾Ǹ쵰

ǳƣһƺ˸⣬һ˯
ֱ˵ˣǳѹ

곯ߡ
ûͻȻʲôٳס

ȻİΣһŴ͵˰ߡ
ǳ룬𼱻ǵص˰ߣۺѾӴˡ

С˸翴ǳųɹ˽ǳͷ
ͼߣǳĿϣɫʮֽš

ϧںطϲУᣬû⵽ǳ

ǳ̧ȥǳֱۣ˲䱻ǳ˦ˡ
ǳƳһۣĿʵһ㣬۲ɴ˸

ɫЩ԰ףóһ·δεú
˿ȴ˲ֻãȻŽǳĵôˣ

֮ǰڴϷֱʱͦõ
һҹĹôֳ˳Ƶģ

ǳۣС˸ֻûΣסۡ

ʹôһǽС˸翪ڵ
һ޹ĵʲôû˵ʲôû

ɽǳ̬ȷˣĿ⣬űȵʱͱʱй֮޲

ǳ겻ظһ·ҵ϶˵ʱеһߡ
һۺķ򣬲ƵԶһЩſڵ飬㲻˵

һڵֻ̫ãʹ֪ġ
мƽϣڴ֮ǰ㲻Ҫ͸¶һ֡ǳ

˵ͷڵãҲ˵
ǳһۣƵֵ½ҲУǻ쵰ǱΪ飬֪ˣȻᳯ۶졣

ģҲᳯ½˵æ
ǳԷЩ

ԼĿЩƺԷź⣬ʶԼ̬̫ǿˣŵ˶Էһ£οģҲΪġ

Գ˵ͷ˫ĿɷЩ⡣

ʵҲô½ǳǳȹǸӵֹһΣֻим໹ŵͽԸ߽״ľηǾǵĺ¡

ֻˣ󲿷ʱܸһֵСĸоֻƽˣ۾Ҳ·ŲԽǳŻΪԼ

ǳõΪԼܵĳŵʯͷ˵ء

¶˵̫һʱ֮޷ܣȻ֪Ҳ˵۶Ƕʲô̬ȣ½뵽֪ºǱ֣ǳա

۵˽⣬һ֪£Ȼ
ǳǰ¶ܽܣôܽΪӣ

ֱЦ
֪ˣưҹЦѡ

Դβ֪ڽǳδС֮ǰµۡ

ǳ飬Ų㲻ɸȥ˰۵ӡ
ʱС˸綼ǴǳһɫЩȡ

Ƿʲôȥˣʵ
͵͵˽ǳһۣͷΣûлشĻ

ѣʱ
쵽̧֣°Ϳһۡ

۾ú죬޹ʵ
ûСڵ۾죬ʵΪƽˣá

˽ԼСӣû׷ʣǰʿˡСƽʱҲûôУ֮Ƚϴʱʱǻ

ǳһֱŵؿû¶ţƿߡ
һԵֳ˳ǳ䣬δڣ㱻ǳ˦ˡ

֪֮䷢ʲô뿪۵ס
С˸Ҳųȥˣڱֻʣǳۡ

ǳ̧ۣžҪߡ
ȴס󣬿ڵܲһ

ۼǵãڴʱǳǳôʵģǳϲԸ⣬ȴþãߣë͵ġһΣǳ϶ġ

ǳƳһۣĿ֣
ʧЦĵôԶôŤô룬һҪġ

һţһɵϣ˺ɫԱģΪȡýǳǳ˷ƤΪǵýǳڴʱϲߣϵë

һΣǳȴûһͷҲصˡ
ɫԱһãȻϣŶƤϵƣеί

ۣ
ʲôˣ
Ϊʲôô

ȥ֮ǰŽСӺ˯ˡ
ǵش߱˸ǡ

ĶͷʵǷšͽȥ˵ʲôĻˣ⻰һʣûбζ

Ϊƽʲô£ǰӲڡ
ϰദģʽҲϰ˹ĺйصһС

ǣʱɫʱͱˣֱ۶űЩӲԭǵ̬˲Щ롣

ô˱ʵ

ԲѣҲǵýǳĶԴⲻᳯ˵һԵе飬һԭֻ⣬ɱע⡣

˵ڵ
ף۾Щ죬׷ʡ

ȴɲ˼롣
Сӿᳯģ̫ˡ

׳С˵ʲô
˼⣬ڵץӸΡ

ʱϵǰš
Ǿٴط꣬εŲδֱ͵ǵסǰ

ϯ䣬۳ѯ˴֪Ѿú˴򣬲δǡЩ˷Ѳʶ˲棬סڵϣͦˡ

ǳûôԶֻʱʱһ
Ƴ񣬱֪ûнԼ˵ȥ

ˣǳ㳯ЦЦЦżֹ͸м

ڽǳĶ棬ŵʱһֱ̲סǳǳ񽻻˺üΣÿһ鶼ܸӣſġ۽ǳʱЦЦĿ⻹żУźɢ

ǳڳСɢ
óһۣʱһݣٴеĸо

ɣǺǸ
ôСӵ⣿

ͷԽԽʢٷûúóԡ
ɢϯͻطȥ۵ס

ϢգɫѾöˡ
ȻδȽûˣԻָĺܿ졣

ˣһűżæſڵ
ڴ߷̾˿ȷʵˣҲ֪ǵ

˴ˣŵʱͼͽǳˣõһֻۺ;ֱܾɢϯǳûۿ

̾ϴһĨΡ

ûзǽҼǸ̬е㲻Ѱʵ
ﲻѰۿڵƢãȷ黹죬ϰ˾ͺˡ

æǷŵʱһֱҼǸЦ
Цһ㣬ڵܣ϶ǿˡ

Ϊʲôţڵ֮϶ǡ
Ƴһۣļ򣬵Ĳ˰ɣ

ǣң֮϶¡
ӦѧΡ˵ճҡҡͷֳ̬ѹûϡ

ƶԼ鶨Ȼͽǳйء
ƫƫȫĻϣЩˡ

˿ЩڲԵصû𣿶һֱϣɼδԸ˵㳹ʧˣԴҼǸ⡣

ϾСôã˭᲻ϲأ

ۣ
ϸҪֵǳĻ

ˣᡣۿڵ
ôţҿڶԸ㡣

ۣ
ǶԼţ˽⽭ǳ

ǳ壬ֹһ壬塣
Խǳ۳ʲôԭ򣬶ȥ塣

Ϊ˽ⶾֻ½ǳ񶼲Ļᡣ

Ժ
ǳһһ޿

С˸ڳرߣ졣
ݵĶĶãǳʳζ̫ˣ義ǵĺϿζ

ƫƫС˸Ķںϲԡ
һ뵽δҪ⵺ϴãЩͷۡ

ɢʲôʱذС˸翪ʵ
˼ˡǳ

ǳһ̲סԼСû¡
֪еʱ򣬶ӻúܴ

ƺҲǣ嵹ûôԡ

ǳе֪ԼʲôһͻȻԲһۿԼʱĳֿʼ̲סꡣ

ͻȻʱҲû¡𣬷ǸССҲ˵ʱǶԭͳġ

ƶϣпǡһŵ




32.  ֧   ԺгС

ǳ, Ժзŵ顣
жϣⶫ۵һΰⶾʱеģôŵӦѾ˲Ŷԡ

ǳһְС˰ΣûκټԸӦһ/ǹ, ƺúܿ, ÿһ춼ǰһøǿ

ǲǵ

ǳһ˼, ͻȻ, һֻӰ, ̥, ǵˣǳͻȻЩȷ, Ҳпܲһŵ

ɾСӣǳҲûԼټ
ǳ˼, ԽԽýǡ

룬Լ۽ϻʲô뵽ӣüӣôǸ塣ⶫ֪ʲô

һʱĲ, ªĹҪ嶪ˣ
ǳһСģôϿȸͱӵò, ԽԽ÷ꡣ

һ򲽽²Ķʲôһͺ鷳ǳ, Ǵ˷Էʲôӡ

ʱǳܻȥ
زȥˣôСȥĶܼܲ켣ĵطɣ

Ҫǣ۲ǰµĹϵڹͬӭһСɡ
һСĴڱԵøΡ

Ӳ𣿡С˸ǳһֱӣ̲סʵ
ǳһջ֣ûС

Դ֪˶СĴ֮󣬽ǳԵЩУС˸ôһʣɱЩ飬С˸쵽ʲô

룬ڳС˸㲻ˡ
ȥĶС˸ʵҲ㣬㲻𣿡

ǳ룬ڵȥۡ
С˸ԻȻ԰ʹǰڴ˲ٿ࣬ҿȥտһ

С˸˵ձų۵סȥ
ǳԶˣԷЩһֻٴΰԼСϡ

ǳԼ̽ʱĸܣСųǵسкǳСΪǰǱѹ壬ǱڣԵЩ䵭

ٽǳûܵԷǡ
ȻǳҲû

ñǸʲôǳԦС̽һ¡
СʱûʲôӦڽǳ̽˶֮ƺܵԽǳת̬ȣսս˽ǳһӦ

ǳвһĶȻЩδй
˵ζʲôֻĳĵطǱᴥһƵġ

ǳЩٴ̽һСԷθĻӦ
СĽǳ֮̽£жȥ˷ʼɽǳԼഥ

ǳһͻȻʶʲôæ˴ǲԾĻȡ

һֻеģɲΪԵʣҲҪС˼
ϾСʲô֪أ׽ܵġ

ǳԼһգвЩꡣ
ĵҲ֪ɢܲܽСŪ

ǳ˵ԼƵģгԼ뵱ӣСûǲҪϵĺá

ͷһ£СӱǸܵƵģʼŵһ̽СѾǳж˷ԽǳԺظܵԷ

ڴʱСΪ˽ǳҪͷίͰ͡
ǳʮΣĵʲôĵģ㶼ûͻǸֻˡ

ͷ£СԽίˡ
ѪԵʣСܿӰ쵽˽ǳ

ǳԭЩ˿̱Խҡ
ûڶһڵޣ

Сǳ⻰סˣܿƽ
ǳ˿ʮָӡ

ĩˣһСʶԼδ쵽İζ

һߣС˸統˽ǳĻȥˡ
ۼ֮һ£ʶһС˸ƺڿûиˡ

ֻԼС˸翪ڵ
Գһ˿ʧ

С˸ֵ˵飬ҪˣҴտ㡣
棿ɵص˵⻰

ȻһܱϹ㲻ɣС˸ǽġ
仰ȷʵǲ٣ǰͷЩȴǱġ

ۿڣС˸ֵǽƢʵġ
ڵ֪

ǳյ֪ʱѽɱˡ

˵ǳΪҪԼⶾǳֻҪ۽ⶾûбҪΪˣҪݡ

˵ףǳôۺɱҲֻ϶ѡ
뵽ڴʱǳߣëĻ棬Ŀбֳһ˿Ц⡣

Ķ۳С˸ʵ
ںͷءС˸뿪󣬽һֱûôأǼǴͷһˡ

۲֪뵽ʲôڵȥ
С˸ϣȴҲ֪ʲôȥ

С˸æԣҵȥǱô嵭
˵ձųˣü۵Ⱦһ˿Ц⡣

رߵʱ򣬱ǳڳرϱĿ
ǳһϮëİɫˮմʪý͸еӳĵԽ롣

ĿֻƬ̼Ⱦһ˿

ǳ쵽ڵ
ǳ˵⻰ʱ΢ѹĳȴʼûۡ

üһЦɫԱԾһͷС

ˮԱˮ˽ǳһ
ǳۿŭĿɫԱȻ˹ȥ

ɫԱҲܣǳ˸š

ǳԴԱצӹŽǳˮһһһôС

ϵ꣬С˸֪ǳߣ˲͹û뵽δ߽һĻһһӰһΧˮ߸߽硣

꣺
ԥһ˲ĬĬŲˡ

ǳɫԱ˰ΣǵñӴ˼磬ɿ
һԼҲһƬǽ壬ڷɢβʪմϡ

ɫԱĿڽǳĿմŵʪϣһ·ϣԽǳƯǣµĺᣬͣ˽ǳ΢ıϡ

죬˸ʵĶĿϣ˽ǳĿ⡣
Ƶƿߣ˶ϵˮǳԤϣᳯһԾ㿪˱ϱˮ顣

ٽƻ裬Ϧͺĵ£ˮӳ˽ɫ

رϣɫԱſڸԼë
ر߲Զǳ˿ȸ֦ϼ¡

֪˶ã۵𣺡鲻ãΪڵ춯𣿡
ǳ۾ѾΣ¿

ǡǳڵ⼸Զ㡣
濴ʵΪҪԶ㣿

ǳ˿ڵΪģֻҪ뵽ôģҾ̲ס뷢ŭ޲ýĶʿⶫŵĶ㳢ζ

Ҫһ˿Ҳڿ۵
ǳЩĵⶫǷһ˿ܳɵ

ԣǵǸųɡ
ǳ˶̲סһ죬ĿʱЩӡ

ʹǣɢ˺ܿͻأӦúܿȡˡۿڵ
ǳһ£֪뵽ʲôɫδɡ

۲֪˼ֻΪǵɢҲ㲻£㰲οɢǶܳȡԸһĨССȻף㲻صġ

ǳЩĲɵص˵ͷʮָӡ

ˣˣʱС˸ųɹ˽ǳԵ֦ϡ
ѯʣС˸ֵҷ˵ɢ˵ĴӺͶӴӽػˣˡ

üͷ΢šʵ˭ˣ
֪ûüȥ֪һС˸

뽭ǳһۣʶЩѰ
˵ݵɢ˳֮أкܶ磬Ӧúܰȫ

ɢͽܣȻǴʦϵӦҲǵ֮ôƽ޹ʾˣѵ⵺ϻʲô˵Ķ

ǳ۸ϵʱ򣬱ǰſھۼ˺öꡣ
ǳɫЩӣסʲôû˵

ô£ʵ
˵ȥؼӹ̽磬֪ôˡڵ

ۺͽǳҲ֪òòִ¡
ǱϾˣóȻͽȥֻ»Եͻ

ǲʣƺҲס
֮ʣһ꣬ǳ˽ȥ

һȥһڰϣԱһţ˿ɫá

ڵӶ׷˳ȥֻʣͽǳǡ
ŵһǳ񣬲Ա˼ţԭĶҢ磬ڰǸɫ԰׵꣬ĴԽ

ҢɫֻЩ԰ףϵλԽö࣬½ϻմѪ˲ᣬ뽭ǳǴкûˡ

λԶ˷ʵǵˡҢ糯
ûͬѣǾֱڵλݵˣ

ɽһƣͷŶÿʦȥӹ̽ƣֹǶ춯Ң翪ڵʦչδۿӵˣұʦȥһ˽أżӹһǽơ

û뵽ڼӹ̽ʱͷŵĶͻȻ춯ʹˡ

Ƕӳˣǳʵ
ǵûСҢʦĽƺι̣ҺʦֻΪԷһȥӹһ£û뵽̫Բˡ

ǳšüǶŽ綼˵ǣ
Ңһ죬ڵǶ˵ǡ

ǽע˴ܽסͷĶҲһΣԣóȻ⵽ɡ

λͷģ˷ʦδܼӹǽƣǽƻǱȽι̵ģһʱ֮䲻ʲôҢҹ˼ʦҪˡ

֮⣬ýǳǲصġ
ǳǲδයʦֵ˺Ƭ̣뿪Ǵ

Ǵ֮󣬽ǳɫЩ
šüʵ춯ˣ

ǳȻ̸̫⣬ֻӦһ뿪漴ʲôƵģʵ㲻𣿿֪ǵĽʲô

Ŀ΢ڵһֻɡ
һֻǳ룬ڵΪλᱻڴ˴أ

Щûлشǳ⣬һԵȴӦǷʲôɣö˶˵ΪҪӡ

Ƿ˴ΪβֱɱǳڵôţգҪյǶܳǶһ١

Կǳڵˣ±޹ء
ǳǶܳйˡ

ǳ˵ձ첽ˡ
ۿıӰƬ̣תͷȥ¡

ʵ£
Ǻ¡ۿ

شĿпʲôȵ㲻롭
˵۵һЦѵ

ššüЩԥ
ȥؿֵطʲôÿģ

̫Σˡ

۽һֲܾܾͬȥô硣

ˣȻȥҡ
زʲôõطɲżСðա

һ䣬󻯳Σ첽⽭ǳ뿪ķ׷ȥ

һ𾪵ؿıӰþƽ
ۣһ㿴Ҿ˵¡ı顣

ֻüÿɷ

㲻׷Ͻǳʵ
ǳһۣڵһ㡣

оģܡƢҲúܲҵһеʱ򣬾½ҷƢǲˣҲʹˣܺһЩ

ǳԲʧЦĵԼȷʵúܶࡣ
۵ͬҲİһֱԷˡ

Ǻʱ֪Լеģǳʵ
Ժ֪ġڵ

ǳһʵ㵱ʱôģ
Լһҵʱŵ½ңֻ֮һС͸˵زˡ

ǳЩɵʵ𣿡
ְɣҲǸ˰Ц

ǳôô׾ͽܰ¶תһ룬˼ǰ£ܽҲɡۣѹǰ˸ӴŵĹϵмôֻΡ

ǳ취˺á

Ǿ쵽˽ǳ˼Ƶģڵ㶨Ҫپ
ǳʵ֪ôģ

ЦЦûлشǳ⣬ǿڵֻѶСֹʹ˵ģҲǶġ

ǳһвһ
СУԹԳǳʾʾá

ǳ
ԺĪССӳƤĻ档

ýǳСĹϵǲܵġ
ǳֻҪһ뵽Сͻ᲻뵽ۡ

Ƴǳɫ̲סЦЦǳʵԲԣ
Сǳѿڶ漴ʶԼ˵ʲôɫЩȻ

ǳŬԺǸСӷƤĻĨȥŽСһֻСȸǳ㷢֣СȸͲ

СƢ˵

ǳ
÷





33.  ֧   á

ǳ˼һ, òײŽЩ߰ͷѹ¡

ʱ۽ǵƳСڼǼƺԼڣȻСӴŵǳ, һֱץ, СӾһֱҵ, ر𻬻

ǳƳСǲ˵ë, ̲ס, ˼Сӡǳ, 㽫Сŵ˽ǳ

СѾ˲ٸͷԼĪаСӵĸͷôˡǳ, Ὥǳ֣ڽǳĴ˸, ̶Žǳ첲һ·ϣ˽ǳϡ

ûȡ𣿡ǳʵ
룬ڵ½ҶС

ǳ

ϿǷܣĵطôãһҲûѧȡֵϰߡǳǵ˵б, ԼӽСһѲɽСС

ǳĵǽԼ˵ҪúøСȡ֡
Сþ͸Լս, ȻҲҪһЩģ硭

ǳ
ôЩĵ⣡

ǳСһ㽫
ƺ֪ǳϲ˴ţҲûס, סֿˡ

ǳصסֻ֮ʮƣûһ齱˯ˡ
˼ԵʣεһͷСڱӡ

Сڱӳúۼֱһģһſ߷ŶƤߣǳûô߰ĬСĴһ㣬ߣߣСӵĶӡ

СӷǳɣڽǳֵŽ
ʱǳͻȻ۵

С۵
ǳššüʱЩ𡭡

˵õȡأ

֣ǳڵ
һãȻŽǳȡ𣿡

ܣôȡô֣ͨǳ
ۿЦһ磬ڵ¸ȡһ

ǳüͷ˼ڤҪСһһЩ֣ȻʱȴСڱ

ǳͷһǿҵѹ

ãɵĺ£ŭ
ǳתͷȥɢźɫץֻСڱ

𡭡ǳڣʼЩ
ŭĿŽǳֿСڱĺСڱòס

ſۻɺɫԱŭ
ĿתۣһϢСڱͷųϮ

ĻһմȾģеĺɫ۰ţ۵ˣʹ˻

ǳ𡭡
죡Žǳ̫ʧˡ

ǳŷֻԺһƬհףСڱʹ˻𲻶ϴ

Ϣ󣬽ǳȻ۾о˹
һְԼСϣԺлŷĻ

ݵɽء
۴˽ͷԶԶܸоʢ

ʱѾˣ˵رԵЩ졣

ֲɢ˵ӻᱻƵŪˣϵ̫ǿˡڲԶŽΧɫεĽƣڵǸ߽״ֻܡ

Ӧһڵڴ˴ҡ
Ҫʲôס۵̫Σˡ

۵ģɢ˵кĽƺι̣ͷǶġ
ҲΣհ۲֣Ȼȥðա

ɢ˾ͿˣҴʱٲȥûˡ۵
һʵʲô˼ΪηҪȥ

ۿһۣڵΪΪҪǧݵ
Ϊ˽ڵ𣿡

۵˵ͷǣȫǡ
Ŀ⣬ʵͷʲôʶ

㻹ǲ֪ĺá˵սһöʯڵʯ𣬾֤Һܰȫ

﷢΢ʯʵأҶȥҲû㰡
˾͵ɢ˳أȻҡ˵ձ˽ء

סȴ̫ݵˡϾ˼ҵĽأȻҲûʲôıʶôȥվЩס

Ȼ⣬Ҳסֻʯʵʵͷš

ƾԼǿ˳ؽ˽أûбϵ˵

һİĵΣεĶںڰУֻԶԶһŹķڶڡεһһ̶ᵽǴɢĵζ̶Ŵ󺣵ġ

߽ڣͷɢħ
ħǳ棬ŽƶǵħɼͷŵĶӦħʢ

˭ڴһ

Ǹӷģɫ͸֮⣬˿û֮Уһӡڴ˵أһɢôصħ

壿Դ̽ʵ
û˵ֻڶڿźڰƺ뿴ͷǶģ

ۡٴһû̽
ƺԴ˲⣬ϵͷĶϳԼƵġ

Լģʵ
ɫ΢ûг

Ҳһ£ҵĿġص
ĿһݣħԽԽ࣬Χþòɢ

Ȼڿڣصܹصס㣬ȴزסħ
ѽµˡ˵ģ

俴Ŷڣڵ˭£
ұǻ˭Ұ£̫Ƶˡ

ЦһڽȾһ˿׾ԹֵۣңƶԼûħᱻӰǲϷ

һ䣬ΧŵħȻڡ
˫Ŀһݣ۵Ⱦһ˿죬ħ

һ˲䣬Ժ˼ӿ

ħʲô
һ˿˿۶С

ĿеħŨң۵׵İԽԽʢ
ϵȻͳ˼һЩӵĻС

ƽڣ۹ڵϣǳİɫдš
ϽɢħںɫħƽլӼסˡ

ħУǰԳ˷Ρ
ŭڵ

㲻

ߵ̫

ĿһĨ
˫ĿƺҪǰЩ

ȻĶȴϴҵ

ҪƤʬΡ
쵰
֪Ϊʲô𣿡

ۻ۾һƬħֵƽլУǳȻȥֻһӰ

ǳۻڣĿֳ
Ȼһ̣ԺȴȻѻǰ˵Ļ

Ŀжֳһ˿
ǰһ档

Уǳ۽Ƿ죬һ˳Žǳ΢۽ǻ䡣
ǻһ㱣ڻʹ潭ǳⶾʱһĻ

ͬƣǳɺ۽ǣÿˡ
ؼţǳĿⲢûԹޣֻǴ΢΢⡣

ʱ۱ǳģŵ붺Ūǳ
ԭΪǳǰǰǳȴûУǽݸ

ǰĻ潥ģֱһ
ۻɱϣǳսߣ͵

ۿƺ󣬽ǳ󾽣һſͨ졣
̲סһЦǰһ˽ǳݵбĿĻ档

еԾˮǵýǳŭǳý۰ˮ
ͷŽǳģڽǳϣӰճһȦĹΣǳЩʣеࡣ

ˮ⽫۰סȻѹеħһɨա
¶һ˿Ц⣬лָһƬ

ͷʯȻȥ
ʶȥȴЩײϽơ

ǽͽȥ
Щżʱ۴ǰ˵Ļ

ɢ˳
ɢʲôʱܳһճأ

Ľޱȣ˼ȥ˽ǳ
ǳ۲£˵е취ء

أǳ֪˽ݵĽأ۽ȥˣʱʮΡ
˼ɢ˳˱ɽȳڵ

ǳһ˼⣬۲ôļһȥأӦòçײȻ⻰Ԥϣ¶ϵȴδĳˡ

ˣǳǾ͵ɢ˳˵
Щ⣬û뵽ǳ˿ûֳ۵ĵġ

֪Σգǳû˵ʲôȻҲҹĶǳȥۡ
һǳٳ飬ֻ鷳ˣʯ˽ǳˡ

ǳʯоͷ۵
ššüȻЩ棬ȥʲô

ϡǵã۽ʱǱЩԾ
йŵǶҲһֻĪı顣

ǳѵͷŵǶԨԴ
²ӿЩץӸ

С

ͷŵĶȻû뵽۾װԼħ֮࣬Ŀһ˿ζ

廹壬ﶼĽ䡣
ֻҪҵĽ䣬ͷħ

ʱֻҪһռ䣬ħ޼ɵսԷɡ

ۣôǰͰħľ
ϣͬʱҲЩ棬֪βܹ۵ķ

ǿܱħ׽Ⱦһ˼

۽֮ʱʶɢƣ׳ȥѡ
ǿҲѴͷͻƽƳȥ㲻ƻ˽ƣֻ»ɴ

ħĿ֮󣬱ϵԾһԵ̶֮С
Ȼδ֤ԼĲ²⣬ɢ˽ⶫӡ̶ԱߣӦòûġ

ˮʱħ룬ɢ̶ԱߣӦΪ˷˱ⶫħơУֻҪˮʱħĿơ

ȻһʱȥǶݣұĳ·

ֻϧһ㣬º
̶ͨźͷǺˮ

Ծȥ֮Ȼĺˮʱˡ
ûкǴŵζĺˮȴǳ˽Ƶģһֱꡣ

ʱڴʱָо
ʱôڴϣ岢δֱӽںˮУȴˮš

ʯ֮䣬һԥշ˻صϡ
˿ǻңٴǶδ񷽲ǰħ

ǿŲʣ̶ͷȥ
ϲ̶ɢ˰ŵģͷӦûһڡ

ˣԦ̶ͷȥ

ͷǳǰĽƣֳԥ֮ɫ
С˸ϣѵҸоеΣա

ţҲáǳ
ǻ߰ɡС˸Ȱɢ˿ˣȥʹˡ

ǳĬƬ̣ʵɵ𣿡
ɵʹ˺ܴС˸

ǳȻɵӦ֪ȥﲻΣա
еС˸һǾòס

ȻӦֲȻҲӦǳ
С˸룬Լ޷ǳ˼·

ǳֵɢƣӦеôģǶѳҽȥҲûʲô𡣡

⵹ǡС˸
ҵýȥǳ

С˸磺

ǵʹ˵İΣ𣿡С˸ʵ
ֻǺ棬֪ͷŵʲôǳ

С˸ü֪ҽ̫кģ˵Ϊ˺ȥðգǲϵġţҽΪ˸ʹ˱ȵԲҪȥ

ǳٴοڣֻ˽ء
С˸죬ȴ֪Լסǳֻ˿ſ֦ϽŵؿŽصķ

ǳǽ֮󣬷ͷû۵Ӱӣһ
룬ǶٴδǸ

һؿ֡
ǳû̫Ƕڣֻ۲һܣǶڴ͸ħ

ǳдԦԼΧһ磬ħͷ
ħŽǳΣ޿κΣϤ˽֮⡣

㵹ǱǸ
šǳӦһܵؽ˶ԷĿ佱

һû뵽ǳôҪķжӦˡ

Ǹأǳʵ
㿴

ǳԷǵûп˼ڵҲ뿴ԼŰɡ



ǳһӦһ߰߶עʯͷŵ۵ȴ˿û춯ǳϲԣ۵ȴһ˿ɼĲ

ǳûע⵽ǣ߶ڵʱеǸȴԳһ˿漴͸ڶĶڣŽǳ˰Σͷų˸ħ

ǳ쵽ǶԦǿĽ硣
ͷħŽǳȴٳ޷뽭ǳڡ

ҿħɡ
ǾҪûбˡǳЦ

ĬΣ󵭵һЦЦ͸һ˿á
ͬʱǳüͷһšԼĿھһ˿ħ

ǳħһֳһ˿ҵ飬벻ףԼΪλħǳǿԼڲħôûз

ǳתҪҳħɡĵħӦճֵģʹڣڹôãܺ޲ԼˣҲֲܷˡ

ǳ뵽ħմȾħѻ
ĵѵħѻմȾģ

ѰմȾħûвħҲȷȷʵʵǲϣ˵˽ħֽţýǳˡ

ǳ룬ħ㿪ʼ춯
ħŲǿңȴ׾ٵشڶƿ˽ǳĽ硣

ʱ䣬ΧħһӿǳС

ǳĿһݣǰֳҵĻ档
ǳǰĻ棬ãȻ

Ƭ̺Щɢǳǰ˷ӡ
һŭ⿴ͷųɫ𡭡

ΪҪմȾ壿
Ϊһ뱾𣡡
ãɵĺ£

ǳ˫Ŀͨ죬𣡡
ȴԸڣȻʧˡ

ħǷ𡣡
ǳħƣڵ㵽˭

㲻ȥǸ壬ΪҪǧҡ
ǳֳħǰȻ۵ӡ

һʱ֮䣬¼ɣŭһӿͷ
ǳһؿԼ½¡

ǳĿֳлɫдۣڴ˿̣ʯȻ

ǰһ۲ˣȡ֮ģΪϤۣԷʱĿۺݣ˿ûκλὫŭɫ

ؿŽǳڽǳ۽һǣǳոջһȥ

ǳߴ۵
ǳĿʱָ﷢ŵεʯԾ̶֮С

˫ħ۾ŽǳдξħԽԽʢ





34.  ֧   㵱Ͳȥ

̶еĺˮ̹, ˲ǳ˼׻ָ

̶ȥܿ㷢̶һڣǶڴˮĺۼҲ֪ͨδ

ǳʯ̶з΢, ˿Ŷȥ
Ҫ붴֮ʱ, ȴһģ, ƺڽ

ǳͷȥ, ͸峺ĺˮֻͷƵħ
ôݵһ˲, ·Щħиܵһ˿ϤϢ, Ϣת˲ţǽǳһ㡣

ǳħһ, ûٶν˶С

ǳϲ, ⶴڹȻű𴦡ֻ˳ˮķƬ̣ǶѨȻʣڶѨһԵĿϣһ߳ˮǳ̲

۴˿̱㻯˺ɫԱſǳ̲ϣ嶼û˺ˮС
ǳιȥִһ±, ԷһҲƺǻˡ

ǳֻǰӴӺˮϳұš

˴ұһ϶һֱ쵽˵棬Ƿ϶̫С, ֻ͸Щ΢¹⣬ȴûȥǳĴ˿ûгȥ·ʱˡ

ǳ², ⶴǰ˵ܳȥһûȷɢ˵ĽںǷȻƣҲ·̫Զ۶ˮ壬ֻûôá

οʡ£ǳܲܡ

ǳ̾˿ߵұڱ£һұھ̫ӲˣŲŲ壬˻Եıϡ

ӵֻצһԣǳһֻצϵ档
ǰû⣬ӵָоģ˿ϸеĴС

ǳһűӵצӣֻ˸ƣû˼Žô졣

ȥҲ֪Ҫȶá
ɢһʱ˹ء

ǳһֻԼĵͷⶫžͳ˰ɣ
군ˣǳɽܲС۵汻

Ҳ˵ʲôǳǳ棬Ϣ
ļӦúСΪСһϤˣԼһָо֪Է⼸ղûҪԤס

תͷһۻԵıӣ̲סƣԷûзӦ
ǳΣ˸ڱĶϣ˼µľ档

Ϊʲôأ
ǳ²⣬ӦʲôҪһⶴĶ

Ƕһ仰ȴƷ˽ǳ²⡣
ʱǳʶԷ˭Ƕ˵㲻ȥǸ壬ΪҪǧҡ

Բ٣ζ۴˷ǳݵĿġ

ˣǳȡöʯ˿ʯзһ˿۵ڽǳħӰ֮ʱ˽ǳ

ԡһΪ֮

ԼðսأǳšԽǳ˽⣬ǳһסһǳðս˽أһħĶ

ΪʲôҪЩ
ǳ˼⡣

𰸣ֻ֮ܵ󣬽ǳˡ

ǳźɫԱ˯һֱʱ֣˼ٵĴϢ
ǳȻתͷȥŷǴϢǺɫԱġ

ɫԱƺجΣǲҲʶ塣
ǳһְԱĿڣԷڵ춯ƽϢƬ̣󻯳Σ۾

ǳŽǳ˫Ŀͨ죬Ȼûجг
ǳһְֱϣ˫ĿӣƬ̺ǻ˲٣ֻɫȥЩ԰ס

ˣˮˣǳʵ
šüͷĿתһĺˮĳλС

۶տĺˮǻźζǿн˺С̹ǵĺˮϳ֫ٺĶ򲻶ϴȸİ֮

˫Ŀͨ죬Ҵ춯Щܿơ
Ȼʱȴһ΢ȵĴУ˽ǳֵ

Ȼӻ۵׻δȥĺ⡣
ǳ䲻֪뵽ʲôȴ֪䶨Ȼܣû̼ۡ

ֻ˿ָƽ
һ۽ǳϵ֣ڵ㾹ˣͲΣ𣿡

ǳ
쵰ǻ顣

ֻǺ棬ѣΪ˾㡣ǳ
ЦһĿ˽ǳһֻŵʯϡ

ǳ¶ΣæʯӸۡ
۽ӹʯ۵׸һ˿Ц⡣

ֻħĶʶǳʵ
۵׵Ц⵭ȥڵ꣬͵ݵ

ǳһʵε㣿
Ҳˣħ۵ڲٿħϼ츳ħٿر˵ħ

ǳššü뵽ħǰ˵Ǿ仰ֳʵݵΪ˼

ۿǳûش𣬶ǿڵм飬Ҫȷһ¡
ǳĿһʶɿֻ֡

ǳȥսǳ֣ǳɫܿˡ
Ǹӣǳڵ

һڵǵɱֻѻ𣿡
ѻôˣʲôϵǳ

۵ħһɴ²ɺϣ˿ⰲŵġ
ɱħȥģɱѻһʱΰţǳ

ֻҪ㹻˽⣬㲻۵
ǳһʶʲô

ħʱۻˮݵ״̬ʱĽǳۺ嶼гɼΪ˲ýǳ참ΪԱ㽫ħĻ˽ǳ

ѻϾ壬ɽǳֳȻΪʡ
ô鿴ɺϣȴҲǱȻĽ

ɱǣк⣿ǳʵ
ۿŽǳһֻ֣˽ǳĿڡ

ʱħ𣿡ʵ
ǳȻѣԼЩħʱһĻ

ؿԼһ˿ħʱҲħԴʱңϸ룬һѣͨˡ

˽ħѻ͵͵ħǳڵǷǸħ𣿡
šüͷǰҲȷӦÿȷˡ

ǳһأвʮֺ¡
ħûмʱ֣վã֪ᷢʲô顣

ǰ֪Ϊų˵ǳʵ
ħأΣһǰˣ᲻СĴħʱ鷳ˡ۵˷ݵϣܽһ

ǳɫԻ

꣬͵ݵΪҪ֣ǳ
Թһ˿ȻɫŽǳΣȴûش

ǳۣɫ֣侹Щ졣

ħ̫أɢ˵ĽҲ޷׷ӡۿڵĸ߽״ֻҪħҲᱻѡ

ϣ廹壬ֻҪ˼Ļбһħ
󲿷ʱνħһִһ㣬ĵһᱻѡ

ֻʱƣܶħᱻ
һմȾħħѸ䷢չĽǻħ

ܻħһּΣյ츳
ħǱųȥؽ´ҡ

ħʲô۳ǳʵ
ǳüͷһš뵽ԼЩħʱĻ档

ħǷ𣬻˵Ƿ
ڽǳԸ÷ʧԸκԷ顣

ֻϽеģ׽
ɽǳ˶Է뿪˹󣬻մȾﻳĹѪ

أǳûлشۣǷʵħʲô
ۿŽǳĿдһ˿ΪӵЩ

ǳһ뵽ԼǰʵǸ⡣
ħ˵ģΪҪҽǳ鷳أ

Ϊ۵ħ
ֻҪٵ˽ǳ͵ڻٵۡ

ǳ
ô۵ħ

һ֪ýǳ˼ȵìС
һЩ߷ߣƾʲô۵Ҫ

һ棬ЩãȻԼΪʲôΪ۵ħ

ǵЩԹǳѾԸˡ
˵Ҳǰĳһʱ̣ѡ壬

ʱĽǳǸ꣬಻ɳӡ
ѡ壬ǹȻΪС

۵ѡΪѣڴ˺ɱۡ

ʱգǳѾԸټƽϴˡ
ڱ˴˵УѾûλˣο໹ҪŲţ

ƽдʱǳ;ˡ
ڹô֮󣬽ǳЩνΡ

ҪΪУǳҲԥѡվڹһߡ
ԳĽǳȥ۵ѡʱûôԹˡ

ʧеģȴǺˡ

㱳ҡǳڵҶûħαأ
ûСۿڣŽǳĿǼᶨ

ѡ塣ǳڵ
ûСۿڣֻһ䡣

ǳЦˣڵ˵ʲôʲôɣҪˡ
Ŀһ˿̣ڵһᳯ֤ģǳ

ǳ֪ҪԼ֤ʲôĲپЩˡ
£ֻЩȥɢ˳˹أСԼ۵ĸմȾϵħ

ǳͷһ£ͻȻͿʼЩ겻
뵽ħ뵽СֶЩ

ξзʧ𱸵񣬾һһڽǳ
ǳΪʲôö˶˵ҪЩ飬ΪʲôҪħΪʲôȾȶΪʲô쵰ƫƫֽڵУ

ţǳڵ㴫춯ǵҲ˫ĿҲȾ
۾쵽Ҫȥǳȴǳʶܿˡ

㵱Ͳȥ󡣡ǳ
ҲȥⶾıǷ𡣡ۿڵ

ǳŭĿڵ㲻
˫Ŀһݣ۵Ҳֳ֪һĨ

ôۿڵһ죬㷢ԼһֱηصʵϾǸαӣ㡭

ۣǳȻлûб㳯Ϯȥ
ֱܹȴǳлһӡ

ŵؿŽǳĿȻڴʱʯȴ΢΢һɲǼ䣬е˴

ǳ۶һۣвԼָͬ
Ǿ֪䱻ħٿˣЩ֡

ˣҲħ۵
ǳ񣬿ڵÿЩ뿪

û뵽ħħ͸ˮȾ˴
ʯָᱻħʲô

ڴʱǳ쵽һ˿İ
̫ǿң޵ģӦһֻС

ǳĿĴһƳ˲ԶˮСԦڲԶˮ˸磬סЩ춯

ǳߵˮ߶£ԼĽסһֱС
΢סŵþʧ룬硣

ˮܴⶴǲ˵ͨˮħǳʵ
ֻСԭסڴ˵أδǺιġ۵

ǳ뿪ڵǱһԡ
˵˽磬Сͷųѹ

Сѹŵ÷ӴܣŶڵһƴȥȴ֪ǳ˵ССֽš

ǳԦֱƬ̺һЦڵȥˡ
ۿŽǳʵʲô

ǳ˴ˮ뺣߲̫ԶǱܴˮγȥ
̫ðˡ۵ɢΧ˽ƣһ;ơ

Сȥ磬˵ɢ˵ĽںﱻˡǳֻӾˣԳ©

ǳǼѾҪȥϾ˵̫Σգħħ˵ԽԽأʱ˵ʧػͱӣǳԴС

ɫȴѿǿܡ
ǳһüڵˣ㺦ˮ

ĿˮϣɫЩ԰סκڵȳȥɣ˴ֻһմȾħҲ˲ˡʱɢ˳˹ء

δ˵꣬㱻ǳһ⧲ŽǳˮС
ǳɲҽ۶һϾ۵ħһħֽţùĻԼԽǳ˵ʲôҲýһȥ

ȻĺˮУ۴һƬհף֫ܿơ
ʶΣȴǳס󣬳˻С

ǳ۵ֱۣס
ǳϤǲĸоȻɢȥ˴롣

۾͸ʯ΢Ĺ߿ŽǳߵԷƯü۴˿΢΢šţżʱһ˿ѯʺ͹ġ

ŽǳһʱЩֲǰһĻʵξ
۵ʶ֪һ㱻룬ҲȻ޴档

ԺһƬ磬񽥽ʼɢĿʶ˽ǳŵĴϡ
ǳĳֱƵģſ§ڽǳϵֱۣ˽ǳ

ǳڷŶȥ쵽۵ľٶʱЩãȻ
۷ſԼ۸ϣڳһֻʶסۡ

ڴ˿̣ŽǳŽǳŵıȥ
ǳû뵽쵰ˮﶼҪˣ顣

תħ
ڶڣ˿ʧ

ǳ۷ԼƲסԦֱӽˡ
ʧȥʶ岻˺ɫԱǳһûʶıӣŶڵķȥ

ǳµûɢǽƹȻںбʧȥԼ
䲻֪ʲôһ©Ǵæ

źɫԱûһǶѨ˺ϡ
ǳ۷ɵ˰ߵĽʯϣֻʱ˸ͷС

С˸ǵģֻŸöԷȥС˸紫š
ûһС˸Լϵļ˹

ɢ˳ˡһ㿪ڵ
ǳԺΣ֪۵Ļٵȵˡ

С˸Ĵ˿ڵʹأ
ǳüֳ̧һָ

ͷȥ̱֫ĺɫӱһ׳֦ϣ֦بڱӶϣӵ֫βšϸȥϻµˮ

ǳˮʪˣɹһ¡

ˣ




35.  ֧   ˫һ㡭

ǳ뿪, Ҳûɹϵıӡ
С˸ļһʱҲ֪òǰŪ

ǰӿ˼ϡ

ʹ˻ŰɣС˸ȥӣȵ, ŷЩ
̾˿, ŽǳıӰ, аԲ²֮䵽Ƿʲô

ǽ˽, ôһͳ˺, Բѣ

ʹô赹ģС˸һǳʵ
ǳͷƳһ۹ϵı, ڵˮ

С˸˼˵ͷʵΪʲôôˮ
ʶ֮ƺˮ, ھΪʲôͲ֪ˡ

С˸絹Ǽǵ, ǰ˵ۺܲϲ
һΪ˲ϧŰ˺þá

ˮºˮͱȽĺӵˮС˸Ʋǲǰ͹ˮ͹ˮģͻȽˮ

ǳȻǰͷȴһֱС˸̸С˸⻰֮һ, ۺʱ͹ˮ

ʱ۱ʶǳǵǸʱˮëǷֿʱ٣ȴѾǿ, ôԼˮ

ʹˮǶԷȻҲǿ

ǳһ˼Ŵ£ֲǶʱǸɫ԰׵ӡˮʱۺ޴, ţǳԺָˮһĻ

ǳǵǵʱȻ޴棬쵰͵òء

·ǳǴɢ˵ס
ǳԭΪɢ˸ճأ˵Ҳõ鼸ټǣû뵽Էôż

ɢ˵סͷΪţﵹȤԺвֲ˻ݣﻹ㣬˿塣

ǳǰһֱΪɢ˶׺һǸ뷢԰׵ߣŷԷ˿û̬ͦᡣòƺȷ𶼻ҪᣬֻȽǳųЩˡ

ɢ˲òǳϣƢҲýǳΪ⡣мͶȴޱȣԽǳҲ衣

֪ҪҶҪǰ³أƲǵҡɢŽǳ£ߵűӵİ齱ߣڱϴ˴ǼƲõˣǸӵһ㡣

ûӦצϵ档

ǳ
ˣ

ɢ˵ĴԽͶҢһԣԼʦɣЩ̿

ǳòѹĵ׵ľȣŵϸ۲һɢˡԷǡħˡȴ֡ħˡĴžġӴ֮󣬽ǳܴӶԷͬʱܵħϢ

Ǹʲôǳжϲˡ

ǼЦˡɢǷŹ˻ԵıӣְڱΪЩֵ̫ûֹëˣ̲סѣ

ǳ
ˣ

ɢߵһһԵĴԽڵҹʦܾ쵽춯֪ʹˣǷȥɽĽأ

Խ⻰ʵõҲ˿ûʻ
½ǳУȴЩ顣ǵط˼ҵĽأ۷룬Щ˵ȥ

鷳ǻ쵰ѣǳóȻش·ʲôɻ䡣ǰѡʱðսȥǵɢ˳غȥŶԷ

ȫԹ󣬵ɢ˳غٽȥҲͲðˡ
ԽǳԶ϶۴˾٣бĿǡ

˼Ҵ˵˽춯µʲôǳҲ˵Ϲ
˼Ƭ̣ڵλڽˣǵĽб䣬ǿһЩóȻȥһ֮ۡ⣬ǳں͵ģûбĿġ

ǳȥ˽ظȴûϽȥ
ԽԲδ׷ʣɢ˿ڵС뱪ӣڸʲô쳣

ϡоͷħǳ
һԵԽæǽȥ𣿡

ǳššü²֪ôشˡ
˵ʵ鷳˻ѱ

λС˵ģɢƳǳɫת˻⡣
ǳ˿ںߴ֣ˮ

ɢԴЦֹ
ǳҲ֪ʲôЦģһԵʮΡ

ֻȼǣɢʵüĿŲεЦ⣬ǳһȥЪŰɣС֮Ҳ١

ǳû뵽ô˵˿

ɢǴ֮󣬽ǳ¡
ΪԷħˣһʱû̽ԷΡ

ֻƾŽǽƣҲܲµɢӦúб¡
ǳһָоԷԺͷһƴ

£ڶԷȻóȻ˼ɻ䡣

ôˣС˸ǳһֱšüͷʵ
Ҳֻ֪ʱ׷ôص飬ǵ治⣿ǳ

С˸綼֪ǳȥأԶ˼
ǳֵûϵ˵ʲôɣ

ȻûСæ
ҿɢͦദģƲ鷳С˸

ǳȴûôֹֻۣԶԷ˽̫٣ҵġ

ˣǲǽ˽ͷʲôС˸ʵ
ҲǳȻҲЩ档

ǳڵһֻħ
ħС˸翪ڵ𣿡

ǳ룬ͷöԸںüͷɢħ
С˸Բɴ˸ĵҺԼ΢ȥǽơ

˵ĸħǳС˸ʵ
С˸粻Ϊʲôôʣ

ǳ뵽Ծ̶żȻֵĨϤϢڵûʲôֻħƺеϤ

ɣС˸һֱڹĸϤħǲûҹ壬ħҲǷãֲݵ֡

ǳȥħʶ飬û˵
ȴһ²⣬ڴϣûг˵ʵ

٣ûне
ǳ˰ҲûͷԷˡ

ֻܵѰס

Ҳ֪ʲô˼Եıӷŵ˽ǳĴϡǳһʱűûע⣬С˸綼֮󣬲ŷԼϵıӡ

ǳ뽫´һԥڱӶƤַ뷨
ƽĶۣۻԭκͦģƤŶܺʡ

ǽǳܲؽӵĶٴεͷ

ǰںǾ̫̣ǳһ˸Σֻص˺ϡ

һ޼ʵտ󺣣Ǹſڵľһ㡣
ǳɿӺϷɹг۵Ӱ

ǱסƵģ˱˺ˮܿ콫ûǳӸ¿˫Ŀͨ죬۵׾Ƿŭ;

ǳʶ£Ҫȥ
ȻʱǱʲôסһ㣬޷Կء

ǳҪȴ崫һɾ޴ʹ
ʹһ㣬·Ҫǳ˺顭

ǳɰɫȸзʹ˻
еĿǰһĻĿǽͷŭȻƬ򶼽˻

ǳۣʹ࣬вסԼ˵ʲô
ȻǳʶȴԽԽңĿ۵ҲԽԽģǳ㲻ܿƵػ˹ȥ

ǳ˿оѡ
˿΢⣬۵ʯġ

ǳǿʯУԺзеĳ
ξ̫ʵͷʹк;ôǳԼľһĻ侲֮󣬱Ӧ˼Ľ

ΪС˸˵ۿ͹ˮŻ˸Ρ

ǳʯ΢΢Ź⣬ǹκܿ찲סԥһ£ûнǿʯۣǷŽԼ´

ڴʱǳͻȻ춯
ǳѾϰĴڣʶͷ˶ԷһӦ

СһƺЩֿܳʼǳԡ
ǳǲԾһ˿Ц⣬Ƭֲ̾˿

Ӧþ콫оֻ鷳
ֻһʱò׼ɢ˵ĵϸ֪ԼòóȻ

ǳԥ֮ʱϵ˵ɢʱһš
ǳûѣܾƳһԼС⡣

ʱɻ˯ţǳȥɢ˵ס
ɢ˱˲ٳʳҲ֪ײ˵˽ǳϲã˺þơ

һ꣬㵹ǱʱԽˡɢŽǳ£ڵ
ǳԷһֱԼ˿ûбܻ䣬ڵʶң

ɢһЦ㻹Сڷߡ
ǳ룬ʵ벻ˣȻԷ˵ԼӦҲϹġ

ʱжӺǹƧһֱŷȴաĿˡʱ˭û˭ûô⡣סڹǶӣǼ㲻һŴ¡ɡ

ǽɢȴûסҲ֡
ˣǳҲû롣

ӦʱҰɣɢϴżЦ⣬ǳʵ
ǳԭ˵ûУɢǸڴı飬ԥˡ

ʵ˵Ȼڷ꣬ǱȽ׽ĹϵˣҽǳһֱԷֳ׵ĽɫмӡȴҲ󲿷ֳֵ͸һΪϲ׽

ǳϸһ룬ԷƺδԼĹ̸ģȻҲûгѵĻᡣ

ǹѣǳûлشԷǷʵ
ǰɡɢ˸ЦЩΣֵϧЩûݵҲû뿪󣬵ǿˡ

ǳššüðһͷȴû˵

ΣҪҪָһɢͻȻתƻ
˵žҪȥ̽ǳ󣬽ǳһʶһ¡

ǳ䣬ټ׸ߣƽＸû˭óȻֶšɢ˵죬ȫȻԼˡ

ӵ񡣡ɢ˵
ǳԵһЦЩˣʵڲ֪ɢˣ¶ԷѪֳʲôҪ

ڶԷһ֮Щ顣
ڵ̫ûˣһͶԵ̲סЩ

ǳĿżįЩ̡ǡ顱ɣǳԷܲ뵽𡣴˷뿪˷𣬽ǳһֱżΡ

һǳԷһƣڵ
ɢ۾һ뽭ǳ

¶ǣǳǷ˲١
ɢһְϣһףǼȴ˰׺ͷ

˵ɣǧݵǲңɢʵ
ǳһԼһֱǵ飬ô˿̻Ǹʱ

ڵǰϲմȾһֱˣʱ춯ţɢ˳

Ұɢ˿ڵС˵
˵һְڽǳģԦ㵱Ͱｭǳ

ǳû뵽ԷʶʣͶ֣Щ޴룬鵽ԼãҲðȻٱܿԷ

漴ɢ˱ջһ𾪿˽ǳ

⡭ɢĿΣڵϲˣ

ǳ
̽Ƕö࣬һԱ֪

ǳûнʵһЩݣǴ˽ҵ˼û뵽ɢô׾;쵽ˣôֱӴ

ǲǻ֪ɢʵ
֪ǳʵ

ɢ˲֪ôҡǲҪ
šüͷûһʱ֪λش

нԷϵɢôʣǳǸоǱһ㣬̿߳ܡ

ٿɢ˵ٴס˽ǳ֡
ȽǳӦٴ̽˽ǳڡ

Ƭ̺ɢ˿ڵСǺǱеİɣ
ǳԼֱҸطȥû뵽Էô˭Ķܲ³

ǳɫͨ죬һʱֻ֮þȲѡʶãɢ˳Ļ˵ͻ˵һָմȾ

Ȼһ̣ȴɢ˹һЦֵ̫˼ˣһֻСȸǱһ飬Ҳ֪ʲôȤ

ǳ
ŵؿɢˣⷴӦãȻ

ٿɢ˵ס˽ǳ֡
һֹ̽˽ǳСûŪһ

̫ȤˡɢֵôôȤ

ǳ
ô

ǳɢ˲סŪСһʱ֮ãȻǲڣһְףֺ죬ʮ־ʡ

԰ɢ˺һڻعζˣǳǲҪ
ǳһ£Сš

Ϊʲôɢһšüʵ

ǳ죬ЩóȻش𡣲֪ΪʲôɢʣǳµСԷ俴ᣬ׵ǳʱԾ㽫Գĸо

Ͳǳ
ɢššü۵ֳһ˿ʧ

һߣ˯˴գˡ
󷢾Լһζȥ˸أ뽫ϵĺζϴ

òɹɵģϧˡС˸Աߵ֦Ͽڵ
ۿһۣʵأ

ȥɢ˺ȾˡС˸
һû뵽ԷѾˡ

ԷѾ֪Լˣ۵Ҳȥݼ

ôģʵ
ôǽȻ¡С˸ͼӴ׵صˣǽ˰Σʪܣ㽫ëɹˡ

ۣ
֪ΪʲôԼеܡ

͵͵ȥأɢ˲׷ɣС˸
Ѿ֪ȥˣʵ

С˸æûϣ˭֪²µĳأ
޷۵ɢ˲ǸϿ֮ˣƽϵġ

ҲûдʲôԷ벻̫⡣

ȻˣʹΪβȥС˸ʵҲȫýӺˡ

εԽȥδػ׷Ǻ˵ҪȥҲδػͬ⡣
ʱѾݾߣ͵͵ȥֻ¾ûôˡ

˵ףɢ˵ȴҲûԭ
۲룬Է˳ɲϣԼŽǳȥħ

һߡ
ɢԽǳĬã󳤳̾˿

ڽǳΪҪȰԼʱɢȴڵҿ԰㡣
ǳһЩ⣬ŶԷֵܲԼϹ֣ӡ

ɢ⻰ǳĹػǳһвЩпЩߴֻа׺ͷ˵𣬶ٻôֱ׵ĳġ

ָҡɢ˿ڵ
ǳԶУԼֵݵ˶Է

ɢָɫ۵Ҳ뷽ȫһ

𣿡ɢʵ
ǳĿһ˿ɣջǵ˵ͷ

ϧˡɢ̾˿˵һֻ׿ȸأֻһֻ׿ȸѵáСҲëĶá

ǳԲԲһһֻСӳƤĻ档
룬ɢ˱ס֣ȻԦ

ǳֻʶһ٣㱻ɢһõĿռڡ˴ƣΧһƬҰʲô壬һɵĸо

һ档ɢ˵ڽǳ
ǳһо߳һϤ

ȥһ״ӣǳȴϳС

СŽǳű߲˲䣬ڳǳ
ǳȥȴʲôû

ɾһˡɢ˵ٴ
ǳвӦΧһɫ

ɫ£һСΧС
ͬʱǳоһСͻȻʼò漴ʼ

Χûκǳȴ·ʹ
ɫǿһСԽԽ΢Ҫоˡ

ǳĿ͵һѿڶһ¡
ɫȻɢˣһСæܵ˽ǳűߣסŽǳһ㡣

һ̣ǳȻ۾صʵ硣
ҵشϢˣͷѾ߳亹ĿиǴһĨβסĻҡ

᲻ˣɢʵ
ܲܡҿǳڵ

ɢ˵һЦڵ֪ûʲô𡣡
ǳššüзҲֻĿЩܣ??ơ

ôˣиˡɢ˵
ǳšüȴû

ɢ˿Σ̾˿ãͱǿˡ
ǳʶҪӦ⻰ˣ漴ȴۣ˷廤ݡ

㳯˵˵ΪʲôҪɢʵ
񡣡ǳ

ôˣɢ˵ûй涨С
ǳֵҲۡͲɣСǸ⡣

ĶĺǱкɣɢ˵㽫ǲռˣС涼⻹򵥣

ǳһû뵽
ǰһֱھ£ֻΪĬС۵Ĺϵ

ɢôһ㲦ȴԭ黹һ־档ֻҪ˵۱Բ֪£Ҳֻ̫Ҫעڱǡ

ֹۣԸ⣬
罫Сݵ߱ʲôط

ǳһŷԼǰô·ߡ

ǲ֪ʲô͸ðˡɢ潭ǳıߵСȸԼšӣ벻ۣͶǱӵȫԼû

ǳ

ɢԽ˵Խ½ǳƵģֵ밡ۿ·Ҳõˣʮ¾͸ˡǰͷܵĿҲܹˣڷɾͿˡ

滹ǣ˷ݵҰҲСɢ˵ҿ԰㱣ܣ׼˭Ҳ֪˶ϳ

ǳǾһ⣬Լȷʵе᲻ˡ
ɢ˵ʲôĶ

ôһϼƣֲײ˼
вô̹࣬ǰ춯ͷӶ̫ʵûʲôֵ̫ԥġ

ǳǰĿ޷ǾǣԼС۵ġԷ
ɢһȰЩ⾹Ȼӭжˡ

ҪҪɢһʣһߵһƸǳ
ǳӹƱһһڵҪ

ɢ˸˵عЦǼƱԼˡ
ǳڷ£ҲЩ˱̲סɢ˶˼

ɢ˾⽥ŨֳǳͰס£ֱСߡҲУһֱסűǣþƺò˶ȱǸӡ

ǳʮָжû뵽ɢ˾ԼСǳױʧȥ˸ĸĻ֣ƽٵõĹػɢ㽻鶼ûУȴܵ

ǳ̲סʵǰΪδģ

ɢһƣЦǺǿ˽ǳһۣѹص˵ʵ뿴ȸͱʲô

ǳ

Լѵ𣿡ɢ̲סʵ

ǳ




36.  ֧   ڳԴס

һɢ, ǳΡ

ǰû⣬ΪԼδҪСҲ̫壬˵ʱ֡

ȻѾҪС, ǳǿˡ
ʵжСҲ², ֻһֱû뵽һĽ

ɢ˼ǳ˵, ԹԵص

ڿȸ߰ױӣ
ſȸԴıӣ
űԴĿȸ
᲻Ǻڰ׻ĿȸߺڰƵıӣ

ǳ

ӳſȸԴ, ߿ȸűԴ, Ҳ̫ˡǳε, ȫµ֪롭Ǹ쵰ˣ

뵽˴ǳЩھСˡ
δ֪ĸоȻ̼, ɶҲЩ

һֻҪӵĿȸһֵֹֻĶ, жٻЩȻ֪ΪһףԼӳ󣬿ĻֹסΣϣСһЩ̫ûӲźá

ɢЦ޷Сһﵽʱԭ̫, ʱԭβͺˣ

ǳ
ʼɵ׸òɢ˵齫Сˡ

˵Ż˵ʹͷ
ɢ˳ǳüһЦ꽫۽˽

۽ʱ, Ƴüɢ˺ͽǳššüƺˡɢ˸񣬶˽ǳһࡣ

ǳЩ, ʲôƵģ̲סɢһŲŲۼ״Ͳÿɫøѿ˼֡

ѰҺ£ɢ˿żɽس۵
ۿһ۽ǳڵǶĽƣΪںлʧȥЧ֪жˮͨǶѨմȾǶħ

ǳЩȵؿۣû뵽۾̬Ⱥɢ˵
ǰŶԷȥأֻΪɵɢˣһȴˡ

ǳ־ò⣬ԷʱƺҲ⸱̬ȡ
ۣ嵹ţȴʱǰ˳ġ

ȻȥˣɢЦЦʣ龹Ҳա
ҺͽڽصľٶһοҪװ֪𴩡

ɢһЦæװ֪ġ
ЩҪ۵ǽƵô£

ҵҲסħĽƣסκһ˿ħɢ˿ڵϵħȴֻʱվ˻ᷢ£

˳һĹɿѭ

ħϵħ̶ˮһ㣬ֻʱп£Ӿ˱ʱǺ״Ϊ֡ɢĽ͵ȻСմȾħȴҲΪûиӣֹһħ

ǳԱɢ˼ħǱɱ˵ɢ˲˵á

ȻˣֹһħħҪ̫࣬ǵ֮ô˵©ɢģΪǸõĿħ

ЩȾˮأ뵽ħѻ;ŭӿɢ⴦÷ɷϵǣħȷʵһ©Щ˺˽ǳ

ɢ˵㲻صǣ磬ħҪӹ粢ס
ӲȥΣǳʵڽ

ݵרħĵطɢ˲صѰСҪħ£մȾħҲʲôķˡ

ɢ˵ŴһӣǰֳһƬĻ

ǹĻʾݵһǣ͸Ļܿͷۼ壬塢壬ˮ塣һ⣬ɢħ

Сѣɻʣɢʵ
ۿһۣڵȥһ档

ǳһЩؿۡ
ڽأ֪۾ʲôħֻԼµԼйء

ôҪȥ
ͲԼٱסһ

ԡɢ˿ڵ
ɫһƺ˿

ɢֵڣʱ죬ٵȵȡڴ֮ǰҪ鷳СѰһæ

ʲôæЩؿɢˡ
ɢЦҲæǷ㿴ЩմȾħݵϣʱԽԽãԽԽ࣬вٻãۿװˡ

ǳ⼸֣ⲻһ죬ʶͷ

СѰæϵħɢ˵
һڵô࣬һһΪħ

ɢ˵㲻ǻ˼ͬ𣿿һæ
ݵô꣬Ϊβȥʵ

Ҳħɢ˵

֪˻٣ΪɢϴħϢЩƺҲˡҪЩϵħֻЩʺϵġ

ħ֮ұ㰲ŵô˻½ϡɢ˵
֮⣬Щݵ϶ˡ

ǳ룬ż¸óʱͳֵԾҲ԰æ
ͲˡɢְڽǳϣһЦصۡ

ǳԱ⻰˼˵ò͡һԵȴ֪飬ɢ뽭ǳ⸱Ц̵ӣɫ͸ż⡣

Сѣͬ𣿡ɢʵ
ɫЩѿҪɢ˰ｭǳŻҪȥؼħֻڵá

ɢԹһЦƺΪ⡣

ۿһ۽ǳֿڵм黹Ҫɢ˰æ
ǳСڵ𣿡ɢ˿ڵ㲻زˡ

һĿʮָӣֿһ۽ǳʲôû˵ˡ

ڳԴסɢ˴֮󿪿ڵ
ǳЩȻڵôܣǰħӰˡ

أɢ˳ʵûбӰ죿
ǳԼôجΣҡҡͷá

ɢζЦЦû˵ʲô

һߣʮƣȴǲòɢ˵˼
ɢ˶ҢȥЭۡ

֪Щ̫࣬ҲûǿС˸æС˸ǸСΪȡǧݣǿ˲٣ֻ˹ˣƽһС΢ûµӡ

ҢȥݵһǵĽ磬һʱˡ
ֻ⴦ط䲻̫󣬵壬ſ壬ۼŲˮ壬ǳ濰׳ۡ

ô࣬ɱ˰С˸ʵ
Ƴһۣڵħɱ

С˸˿

ʦլʺ񣬲㶼ڴ˵ءҢ糯λãٹЩ£˴Ҫزˡ

ۿǰһĻЩ˹
ɢ˹©ΪľЩĻǡײصСħɢЩħֻû뵽ôС

ϾǵطڵĽ̫ǿˣЩСȥ
϶ǴӳǶѨȥġ

˵ˮײͷô϶Ϊ֮
ϧǧټմȾħҲǶ㲻˵ص³

ǶմȾħΪβɱʵ
ʦЩֽţƽǲҢ

̧ͷƬ̣̾˿һεؽǽ硣

һߣǳžƱ͸ɢʩԳǸĻŻеۣǲԾһĨЦ⡣

֪ΪʲôɢԱĪЩȤ

ƽԵʱ򲢲٣Ȼǰǿơ˳ǳȴܾԼռ·硣ֻζԴۣʱǴһЦ⣬ǳĿҲֹ֡

ýǳãѹûɹƾеĶ֡
ƽƵۣˡܻʱýǳʡ

ģǳЦ
ɢЦ

ǳһʱЩ⣬ɢ˱͵ӲǺѵѵ㲻𣿡

ǳɢˣԼĿżЦ⣬Ҳ档
ǳһвЩж̲ס˷𡭡

Է֪£ҲҪѵ۵ġ
ֻǽѵķʽɢ˲һֱܻӳ۵Ľ

㵱治ͬ˵ɣǳʵ
ɢ֪˵һ£æ˵ıǡ

ǳһۣȴҲûȥ
һСϲ취ƽ۵ļء

Ƕħˣ滹µմȾħؽ𣿡ǳʵ
⵹δءɢ˿ڵħ˵ûˡ

ǳЩȣܾɢ˻л

벻ټɢʵ
ǳһκŷӦԷ˵ħ㲻˵ʱδ𣿡

ǱӼʱδʱȥɢ˵ջֽǹĻĨǳȥ㲻ôǶγˡ

ǳԷԼ۵ǱЩΡ
ɢȴûڿ֮⣬Žǳȥ˽ء

θɢһȥħʵ˲١
ǳԸоһħ񼸺סˡ

𣿡ɢ˿ڵ
һ䣬ͷЩ춯һŲħ˶ڵλá

һǶڱɫħţǳδħӡħ¶˶ڣɿͷȴԼħ̽ڵԴ

һֻȸԴ
ȸ¶ԴëǺɫģΨһ˫۾Ѫɫͷֳӿ

ǳֻȸڵҵͬ塣
ֲоһ˿ϤϢ

ǳֻȸɢʵôˣ
ֻǡ뵽һֻͬ塣ǳۿһ죬ڵ

˭ɢʵ
ǳڵѾˣǰˡ

ɢĿ΢û˵ʲô
ǳȴ·ƵģԭǿԾģͲһǰһֻͬȲˡ

ǿҲʱ򡣡ɢ˰ο
ǳֻȸʵΪʲôħ

꾡٣ǿƴճµ꣬Թȴִ̫ճħɢ̾˿

ħ˫ĿЦ度ˣҶҪ
˵ȻͷųħǳħӰ죬ǰȻֳһ棺

һֻȸסϷİ
ǳ˫Ŀͨ죬û˫ҪǰʩȣȴһȻסΰ˵ϡ

ҡ
һڽǳ

ǳ˫Ŀһݣȴͷһء
ɢ˽Լᰴ˽ǳͷϡ

ǳָѣ˫Ŀδȥĺ⡣

Ϊʲôǳʵ
ɢ˿ڵͬ壬˵Ҫסħ

ϵħ̫ʢˣǰ̫ױӰ죬û취ֿħϮǳڵ

ɢ˵δ
ǳЩɻؿɢˡ

ɢ˿ڵױƣΪħħ٣޷Ӱ쵽ˡ

ǳʵûħ
ûСɢ˵

ǳڵûħ
ħִҪΨһ취ɢ˿ڵ취Լյ㽣ֹԹִţħˡ

ǳšüͷ˼Ƭ̣һʱ֮Щβ͸⻰˼
ɢ˵һЦļԵˣħȻɽ⡣

ǳԶĿһʱãȻ

æҹŰ֡
صסʱȥһ˽ǳǳڷС

ȥɢ˵סѰԷȴǳ
ǳ쵽ۿһ˷ϴһһԾ룬ˮϡ

һȻû飬ֻһߵرߣŽǳһ
ǳĿԣв׽һĨδȥ䲻ǳȴȻҵ۵

ͬ˵ʲôʵ
ǳѵü⸱ɫ֪ΪЩη塣

ǰˮʱδηۡ
һ̲֪ΪΣǳʱоѹȸС

ûʲôǳڵ

һһգʡ
ǳһЦڵʲô𣿡

Ŀ΢ϵƿĿ⣬ŵ㲻
ģôҲǳɻ

ЩҡҡͷЩɥ
ǳټۣһʱֻİ

ֻ˵ƣҲû˵̫໰Һܺáǳ룬ֲڵ϶סЩʱա

ššüסã
ǳΪۼߣ˵м£ߡǲҪɴȥЩ뿪Ժһߡ

ߣۿڵʶһգô
ҷʲôƢǳڵ

æҲǡֻǵڵ
ɢѾӦ˰㲻صġǳڵ

ɫɲÿǳҲЩ
۽Ҳ֪ԴʲôҩӲǱӣ۾۾ġ

ôܲģۿڵҵġ
ǳҵġ֣ʱЩ飬΢΢һ죬ŤŤص͵޹ˡ

۵ô޹ˣ
˵޹ر޹ءǳ̤رط

۱رߣζûж
˼˰ΣʶǳڸԼ

ɢ˵˰յĿЩħӰˣŻ˷ǳܲίģҲ֪Ǳľ仰ǵˣŻᳯƢ

˰Σ벻Լľ仰˵ˡ
ȻǳǴ϶ϵġ

ˣ۴Ҵ׷˽ǳſڣȴſûóȻȥ

ǳŻ֪ʶԼƺ˵ˡûعȴҲԭ򣬶ǱħӰˡ

ۻᱻɢˡѵ붼Ϊ
ǳȤȴҲȫȻ۵ĺġ

׷ǳ˴롣룬ǱˣͷЩ֪Ҫæã⡰ѵҵóԼء

ȷʵҵġ⿪ڵ
ǳЩ죬Ȼ֪⻰ûа˼ȴ⻰ԶˡСȷʵҵġ

֪ˣ˵ˡǳڵ
ûԵ˼Ҳ۸ŷֵΣҶ뿪ġ

ǳüš
һɢ˽ڵɾֵϾҵһḺ𵽵׵ġ

ǳ
бҪһֱǿ
˭Ҫ쵰𰡣飡

ۼǳҪŽȥȴǰͻȻһ磬ֱӽ⡣

ۣ
ôˣ




37.  ֧   ԭ

ڽǳſڰ, ӡ

ʵһֱ֪ǳƢãҲϰˡۿƢֻǽǳһַʽ, 󲿷ʱͨǳŭ, Ʋǳʵ

罭ǳ֪Լⶾʱ, ŭͺǿҡʱǳŭһΪ۵ƭ, һԼǳԼһֱҪ۰Ƥ, 浽һ, ǳûɱ

ĽǳҲСС
ֻҪԸ, ܴӽǳЩҳԷɺټ

ǽ, ֪ħӰ̫ˣô£ãҲûͨǳŭǴӺζ

ĵؽԼǳ˵ÿһ仰һ飬Ҳûһ⡣ֻܰԲ²⣬ǳһ, ҲǰħӰ쵽ˣԲŻ鲻á

̾˿̽ſڵĽһƣȴǽ缸ûʲô, һƿˡǲһĽ磬еһɨգ¶һ˿Ц⡣

滹ǸֻֽϻƵġ
, ƳĽȴҲû

ԥ˰Σջûнš
Ȼǳ鲻ãǲȥԷȽס

뿪ǳס֮ɢˡ
ɢԱ߸ĶҢ磬˿Ǽƺڵۡ

۲뽭ǳȴɢˣһʦͽʱһģ 

СΪζôĵ⣿ĪԹæõϵЩɢЦԲ𻰣ֻŶԷ

ɢ˼״ҲգԹЦЦҲû취⵺ƽûб˷ǲæЩմȾħɾûл·ˡ

Ǹ飬ڵ˵ʲô
ʹҢ磬˵ǽյٶȣʣµϵħȫŻҪʮյĹ򡣡ɢ˵ˡ

ۿɢ⸱ģ뵽˶Է뽭ǳһȾʱǸЦ̵ģԽˣɫ˼֡

ɢ£ʧˡ˵վ뿪
ɢȴסСǲæҲǿ

ۿʵ㻹ҵ˰æ
ҿҽǳСѰɢ˵

ɫһ䣬ɢƳɫ۵׵һЦ⡣

ǳС˵ˣڵϳסɢ˵ϵδʱЩʱ죬ұʱΪ˸мңȻԸΪұЩС¡

۵һ˿⣬ڵġ
ô֪ɢ˵

ۣ
ɢ⻰Ǵʹˡ

˽ǳ
˽ǳǳδػ

ɢһЦ⿴ۣʶԷǹҲʹ죬ٶ˵˸񣬾ֱ뿪ˡ

Զɢ̲סһЦˡ
ʦͽ˲뿪ɢһ߻һ̲סЦ

ʦΪҪ˴̼ʹˣҢ翪ʵ
вɢʵ

ҢƺЩ
ħɢ˵Ǽħ֮ħ¶ͷ

Ң粻ʦȻ֪ħΪλҪ̼
ħ˵һһɢĳԼĶӵ˵ӣǺã

ҢҪôһֱ̲ҪôҪ취
ûɢ˵ħҪȴ¡һǲѿ֪ĸ깣֪ǶȻҲ޴

Ң˼ص˵ͷ

ɢֵҪħȵӷѿͷҲмƽϵģѿ̫Сһδ𣬷»ǳ̫ïʢ̫ǿаγ˽ǡ

õʱħСʱ򣬳䲻

СѵħǽǳСѣǳСѵħǷ𣬹ɢЦЦ˵ȤȤ

ҢЦһȴЩβ͸о

ǵħһѷʣ֦ʱˣһ޶ɢ˵ҡҡͷϧСľͷƵģǵúķҲǶǰߣ

˵̾˿һɸֵı顣
ҢæʦĻȱǵĸ֡

Ǻǡɢҡҡͷżį
һ¹˰ļһҪΪľͷģд

ʦħȥǸħҢ벽ɢʵ

ɢ˵˵ͷô꣬Ϊ˿סҲűô꣬ȥܣˡ

ҢЦæʹ뽭𣿡
Ͳ˵ˣ죬󲻳ɣҲֻܵˡɢԿԶĿдһĨȻ

һߡ
Īɢˡһʮ־ɥ

صס֮󣬱Ժе¶Żӡ

ոæ˰գɻ󣬾͵˺ѯһءû뵽һۣ۱һȻǲá

ôˣʵ
û¡ۿͲµ⣬ڵǽǶһЩӣɵͷæ

æҲţ⵺棬ķܿܲûʲôֻǡ

˶٣۲۵ɫֵǸɢǲйڣΪأ

ڵûУǿҲ˳۰ɡ۵
㻹˳ʵ

Щεص˰æ̫ܲ񡣡
⵹Ҳǡ漴ǴĿģɢ˰ｭǳ漴ʵ𣿡

ԺؿۣƺҲܹ𰸡
ҡҡͷɢ˵ʱ죬Ҫǰ֮ٶ֡

Զʱ˿
֪оڵ˾㡣

޷ֻҪӦæĶ˵۵
Ե˵ͷڵôæǰһ˵и߰վŪˡ

ɫһ䣬ڵ
ôǶˣʧЦ

죬Ҳ֪νͣû
¶һҶı飬οպúúһǣƢ󣬵ĳȴ

ƢЩҲӦõģʹ˸ö½ǡڵ
ԵͷԼСӣ̲סüϴε֮СӺͽǳУֱǾ֮һ㡣

ȴ˵ͷ½⻹ôأ
ֻǽǳԸͬ˵ʵЩꡣ

ǳ˵ҲͰˣƫƫպɢ˻һɢҲ֪ʲô⣬ԽԽòס

Ҳûбİ취Ƚǳˡ
ȻǳȻÿÿ֮ʱǨŭԼ

ס뿪󣬱㽫˳
Զƺ˽İڵ

ȻصȹҵЩӦõ𣿡
ǡæû˼۹ģǵҲ

һ¡ͻȻʲôƵģڵȻȥɣȥһ
˵մ󻯳Σ첽ȥ˽ǳסҡ

һֱŽǳ飬ȻҳȴĽǳһʱ嶯޷صľ뽭ǳ䲻̫׽ֱýǳʵǺϲСġֻͻȻǳδ׼

˵ɢ˲δŰｭǳ֪¶Ϸ

㣿ǳ֮ʱ˲١
˵ʵͦϲֻСӵġ

ԭʱë޵ôɰ֮Ҳһ˳ģôôϲǴƣﶼиСԽǳһ㲻˼С

ոоΣʵ
пɡǳڵѾˣҪ

һϲɫó潭ǳˡ
ǳδȫϰ߸ݣ˵µʱЩڡ

µ˼ڵģҶȻὫ鴫ȥԼͨˣȥʹ˵Ҳ١

ǳԵ˵ͷĵСӿƽ⡣

ɳˣʵ
ƺûСǳû

ЦЦǲ⣬ҿԡ
ǳЩڣȴҲЩ棬˵ͷ

ڽǳСһ̽ڵиԲġ
ǳһʵ

ǳԼȥ֣Сϰ˰

ǳе㲻ʹԼ˽ʱ򣬶ᣬԸʲôǱôһһԲԲĶ

ǿŵǳʵ
Цǡ

ǳϸԲԲĶͷ󣬴ԼֻСȭͷô

ôС𣿡ǳ
ȸĵӦж󣿡ʵ

ǳһڵƺҲô󡣡
ĵǳԭΪѰĿȸҪһЩû뵽Ҳֻͨߴˡ

ֻСȸڵ
𣿡ǳʵ

ֻȸǳ㲻ıˡ
ֻҪСû۵˱Ҳġ

ԼҲʡѿࡣ

Ҳ˵ֻСءֵ
Сôڵǳ

һ䣬ʱüͷƺҲûܡ
۶ˣǿȸĵΪʲôһֱСӡ

ǳ

˺ļգǳÿնڸŶƤǿԲĵ
ΪǿŵٳЩգǿŵֻô㡣

ǳЩǣɢ˰æͷǸʲôȻʵڶԷǰ˼ᵰ飬ֻ֮ܲ

ɢÿŽǳȾƣ˾ͽĻŪħ
һζڹ˽ʮ֮󣬽󲿷ϵħɾˣֻʣ˸Ƚϼֵδüá

ۿǿ󹦸ˣҪҪȥһۣɢ˳ǳ
ǳ˵㣬ɢһȥǽ硣

ʦҢɢ֮󣬸æǰ
ɢ˷ȥȻħѾɢ˵ͷʾ

ֵ飿ɢʵ
⵹Ҳ󣬲һֻʹǲ϶֡Ң翪ڵ

ɢ¶˲ɫ

ԸǶ֣˵ġҢ翪ڵʹ˵ó½

һԵĽǳһ¶һĨʮָӵɫ
ۣ붯ֱ㲻붯֣ʲôҪԼڡ

۶֣С˸Լ壬Ȼĳͬ嶯ֻֻ֡ǿħ˵˵ǡ

ôһֻе壬鷳

ǳСѣ԰ɡɢ˿ڵ
ǳһ֣Ҳֻ

ɢȴЦЦЦżֹ
ǳ״˶ģҢŽ˹ֻĳѨ

ǳǳѨһͷŵһֻǴȸȸЩӹҲûٵ£䲻ħ׻ԼС

ǳ̾˿ڵһСһЩܲˣԸҡ
ȸСǳ˵ͷƺܺ½ǳǸ߽ɢѹ

ǳ״Լ̧Ԧ鰴ȸͷϡ
ȸ˫ĿƺΪʹ࣬ϲħ

ǳ͸ħȸĻ䡣
ԭȸйʱԷе춯ò˼ŵȴһʳʱ򣬱๥˳Ѩ

ȸֻɢڳѨĵǡ
ű壬һҲͰˣһѱǡ

ֻȸȴԸʹ˰ݣǧټҵ˹Ѩףһֻݡ

ȸ̫΢ݵĶ֣㶯˱˼齭ǳҲܲµˣǧټݵǱ˽أҪħｻΪħá

û뵽Ƕڣ㱻׽סص

ǳЩпĵЩԸħ׵ٶеִɡǰħħｻףԼķʽΪѪమˣԸȡľֻѻҲԼһȥ

뻢ıƤк³

°ɡǳϴ߶ȸڵħһմ
ȸ俴ʹ࣬ȴһֱû

Ƭ̺󣬴ȸһ˿ħǳȻ
ƵõȸʮϣԽǳδ˵Է

Ȼڴʱǳȴڵһɾҵ춯ǳ⧲ɫʱЩ԰ףͷ̼һϸܵĺ

ԭǳѾѧСһ﹵ͨˣնԷȴǲܿƵģϴ춯ǳʹ಻ס̼ͷų˸ôһƬ

ǳĻңѹûӦʲôֱֻײҪײһ㡣Ҫȥƣȴ˵ԷһʱǱʹࡣ

ʱˡɢ˾쵽˽ǳ״ڵ
ǳһãȻʵʲôʱ

ɢ˿ڵʱ
ǳһŷӦԼҪˣ

Ȼȥܲɢ˿ڵ
Ȼǳ˿̱ײѾվס

һԵҢǰҪǳȴȻһֱֻ۵
۾쵽ǳҴҸ˹šüͷǰһѽǳᱧ𣬿첽ɢ

ǳһǵͨ죬ͳͷ亹ֱð
۸⸱ģüͷšøЩ

㣬ҳŲסˣǳǿʹڵ
һҪֿĳײһۻˡ

ۼСŽǳɢеǴڡ
ɢҢ˰㣬˻ʾ뿪

ҲߡһŽǳ֣ϽԼ뽭ǳڣͼסǳǳɫԻЩ۵ȥ

Ҳߡۼֵ

ǳȻ۲Ҫ
Ȼ⣬û֪⵰飬Բ۴Աߡ

ȥǳлûУ۾䡣
һȿǳɫһʲôû˵󲽿ڡ

۳ȥ֮󣬽ǳѹʹһ
ǳһ֪ԭȻҲôۣӶ۵ÿѿ




38.  ֧   

ǳ, ֻòܿһ㣬ϳ
춯ԽԽ۵ýǳҪʹȥ

̫ˣ
ǳĵղžӦͱһ, Ҳʹ

Ȼͷһ, ֱܿҵʹɢˡ

ǳ˻, ѹдżֲ
ɢ˷, ڵסϵĽǳ

ҡǳڳɢ˵
Ҫ, ô㣿ɢȻڵ

ǳһ, û뵽ɢ˾ѹûԼѵԼ
, Ҳû˵Ҫ˰æİ

ˣǳֻоѡ
ѹû, ҲûԵ֪ô

Ҳᡭǳ
ɢͷڵ˳ȻҪѧģı졣

ǳ
Ǵı죬ǳ, ôֱܻ죿

ǳеˣײ̫ˣ˵Ҳûˡ
ǳ˿ŬҪƽԼ, ȴֻоʹһһϮҪ˺һ㡣

оʹֻ֮࣬ΪС̫ǿ, ڵ˶ԿԲŻˡɢ˹ص

ǳγɢ˵ܲ˵õģ
˵ʲôûðۻǵֱۣڳɢ˵

ǳʹһڵֻһŵΪôǿ
Ϊͱӵǿֻ߽״ĵͨ𣿡ɢ˵

ǳ̲סҪˣûɣҸһȻСһףȻʵġ

㡣ɢ˿ڵ
ǳ˫Ŀһݣæ

ɢ˵һʩչ˵ܰСЩ
Ҫû£ǳ˵ţȴֹס

Բȥֻᣡɢ˼Ȱ
Ҫǳŭ

ɢ˲Ӳֻҡҡͷ
ǳǿʹѹֵ.һܡ

ȻʱͻȻһǿϯѸٽȻҲ᣺ĽǳС

Ϥͳǳ࣬ϵʹҲ漴˲١ǳһһȴΪʹࡣ

ɢ˿ķ̲סЦЦ
⣬Ԧϳŵȥ

ʵҲ֪ûã֪ǳƺΪʹ࣬ŽǳȻԼģ˵ܰһɢ˰ｭǳʱǳ˵ܺһЩ

ȻЧˡ
ͷҲܸܵǳ˼֣񷽲ôˡ

ڡ

ɢ˲Ҵǳֻͷš
ͷų뽭ǳһ

᣺Ľǳ˰׿ȸ׿ȸŽ޳ĲͷһƬ̽ǳֻΣϣ͵.һ

ü۴˿ΪʹͽţȾԶ׼Ļ֮ɫĶͷ亹ܸоܿҪˡ

ʹʹɢ̲סС
ǳüͷŬˣ

ɢԱ

ǳŴ°ͽһʹ˻ȥ˫ֽ߬ԼᱡȻһ˿ãȻšŵüͷչЩһһȾ˺Ρ

ڣڿȸȻƽϢ

ɢ˵˿ʵˣ
ڣǳŤͷһۣԼİɫͷһͨѩ׵ĵ

ǳ

⣬۸оǳƽϢˣҲԼ

һԣ״Ҳ˿
С˸ۼϣĵʵˣ

ɫδɣֻڵӦú˰?
ǽȥС˸

ԥһ˲δ̤ڡ
˽⽭ǳ֪ԽǳƢԣԼóȻȥȻǵöԷ졣

ǳձڵӦúʱ붺ŪǳҲǵöԷӡ

ʱɢ˴˳
ۼ״æӭȥһеʵˣ

ɢЦ⣬ڵǳСڵˡ
ǳ˿æϹϾسɢл

ǳСӻЩ飬ϢϢǱԻȥɣغڴ˴ˡɢ˵

Կڵҿȥչ
ʱˡɢ˵

۵Ҳ⣬֪뽭ǳǲܹ齭ǳڵѾˣ۵ҲģǳӦòôˡ

ˣ۳С˸˵ȥɡ
С˸ػģɢȴ̧һҲ˰ɡ

С˸һ㶣һίû뵽ҽȻҲԼȥ
ʱ䣬ǳΪС˸쵽ʲôһֱûС˸Լ

ϾС˸̫ˣزס飬֪ˣֻȫҲ͸֪ˣǳòŵ㡣

֮ʱڵҪȻȥɡܲûչˡ
ɢ˿һۣЦǾͷˡ

Աɢ˽ڡ


ۣ
С˸磺

ʲô˼һãȻʵ
ɫҲЩƣ߰ɡ

ӽȥȴҽȥС˸ʧص
㲻ܹ𣿡۵֪֪ʱױˣ˵ʱҼǸȥչˣʲô㰡

۷ذ˰ֵ˵ˣȥɡ
˵մˣС˸Σֻܸͷ

һ·߶߶ԼĲģζ졣
۱ķط㽫⡣

ڡ
ǳΧߣϰһݱ֯Ďzͷһֻͨѩ׵ĵ

űŸСڵ
Ҳû뵽ôСǳǿŵ

תͷʵ𣿡
ǳ֪ʵʲôһ죬صһ¾ͳˣûöۡ

Сڵʱۣͦ浽˳ʱ򷴵ɡֻŵ̫СˣȭͷСǳʱ򶼲ʹһСˡ

ôһ㶯ҲûУǳյԣŶûκηӦ
ڵ̽һأ

ǳԦԣǵɺ޷Ӧ

ô£Ųͦ𣿡ǳɻô֮󷴵ʵˡ
ҲһãȻС̥Ǹӣȫͬ

ɢЦЦڵеһͻƿǵģ
ʲô˼ǳŶԷͻȻһֲԤС

ɢ˵˵ǶҪ÷ܳ
ǳԶʱˣڵǰֻ˵û˵ҷ

ɢ˵Ǹ壬Ϊ֪ġ
ҡǳ죬ȴ֪ηˡ

Ȼ֪ҪǸСǺģΪ᲻һɢϴСʱӦˡ

ֻ֪ǵһ󾹻Ҫ
Ǹ廤ôȥ

ҲⲻܡǳȻص
СѾΪˣ

ǳ붼Ϊ飬һôȥ
˵岢û޹ء

ǿȸҲܷ

ҲżĻͽˡɢ˵棬һʱҲƿˣδһҪȥ

ǳŷЩʵ棿
¡ɢ˵ôǿһʱҲʲôΣա

ǳʱ˿ֻҪʲô˵

գǳǿŵԱ˴գǿŵʼûκηӦһ˿һ춯ûСǳǿŵԣ쵽ͷԷЩ

Ҳߣĵȵȡο
ǳԵ˵ͷ̲סǿŵһƿĿ⡣

ٽƻʱǳ뿪ɢǴ
ǰǿŵͷ˺ü磬ȷϾ԰ȫա

һԵɢ̲סһۣ鶼żЦ⡣
⽭öòˣʵȴ˱һ¿ˡ

ǳȥסɫѾЩˡ
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ǳ黹У۱ҲûôӲǱ۾۾ˡ

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šǳӦһ֪ΪΣʱоЩ

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ǰǳѾ̫ãٿŶԷʱƽࡣ
˵ףҲûʲôԻΪ˾

ȻѾˣҲǻɢ飬ձ߰ɡۿڵ

Сǳѿڶûƿأǲߡ
һڵΪʲô

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ۿŽǳǳ˫ʹ޽˴룬Щ˼

˵𣿡ʵ
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ֻŽǳҲش
ǳΪߣڵ㵱뿪

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ӣ˶ãȶҪˡ
ǳ̾˿ĵ÷ôһûû˵ġ

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ǡǳ̧ۿۣڵܹЩ𣿡
ǳƽôӲǸ˸׵Եʣ۵ײԾ¶˼ͣĿȻһ

ǳ۷ֻǲԸ⡣
־úȻŲԸ⣬ȴûھܾ

ǳϸһ룬һʵΪ飬ˮëǧݵϲɢˣԷԼ

ʮǾҵҵʵֻΪ˻ɢΪ顣

ǻ˴ǰǳǲЩģʲôԼѡȥҲȥѰסǸ˸׵Եʣǳǿųıѵôһ˲

ǳԽԽҲףĿԽº˼֡

۱չˣϰ˽ǳǳԼЩ񣬰ζЩ˵

㲻ϲǳʵ
Ҳǡۿڵ

ֻǲϲɢˣҿ߶ԷռŽǳʱ䣬ýǳ˵ˡʮۼûôǳ档

ǳȻûвϲβٴЩӣ
ۿǳͻȻЦЦڵ㲻ߣҲ߱ǡ

ǳ
⻰Ҳû

ǳŴĬ˰ΣšһǳԼ뿪
һʵû뵽ǳյ̬Ⱦôá

ĿڽǳϣǳΪԵʣɫЩ԰ףȴ΢΢ź⣬ƽ˫Ǵ۾˿Ⱦһ˿۴δͣۿòסˡ

ֱط֮ԺжǽǳǸӡ
ԺġŽǳ飬۵׽ӿһĨζ

һߣǳҲЩ˯ˡ
ôãȻˣЩϰߡ

һϣǳʱʱһԼĶӡ
ͷȷȷʵʵûСӰ

ǳʱɣЩȻʧ
ûף֪һԼǣѪһָо

ǳϷȥһֱ̲ס룬Ҳ֪Сˣ
ԷǰӦЩǵġ

ǶԷ֪ԼѾ͸׷ֿ
´μʱС᲻ѾʶԼˣ

ǳ˼˰Σֱҹų˯ȥ
Ȼǳ˯ţͷħ죬ȥħǴɢ˵֮ġ

ǳпһ£û˫㳯Ǵȥ
ȻڣȴԼĽѾƻˣŵĎz㸲ڵأɢ˼ƬǣﻹմʺѪ

ǳдһʱ伸޷
һ̣ڴ˹

ǳ첽˷ţͷһûʲôħ
һֻһجΰˣɢǵطô׾ͱħϮģ

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ֱȥɢ֮ȴͷȼԭɢ˾ҲûϢ

֪סɢ˼֮ʧЦ
ǳЩŤؿڵͷ󣬳ˡ

ɢҲֻһЦ
ǳĲɵغһӣżװߵǿŵԱߡ

ǰµĽ绹úõģͷĵҲúõġ
ǳǿŵ˰Σڵôأ

ɢʧЦһء
ǳ̾˿һԣЩ

֮һֱ󰲷֡ɢ˵
Ϊʲôǳʵ

ɢ˵ȻΪû˷
ǳһ죬Ҫɿˣǻֹ

Σ𣿡ǳʵ
ӦòɣֻһЩɢ˵

ǳĵЩЩɣȻҲżԸȵȡ

ǲʵһһӡɢ˵
ʲôǳһڴʵ

ɢǰǿŵףһԸǻһ𣿡

ۣǳȵ壬ô
㶼һŵôܷɢ˵

ǳһȻмֵ

Сڳʱ򣬶ܱ۵Լһ˵ʶ۵һ۷ƺС

ǡǳ¶֮ɫ
ɢ֪뷨ڵ֪㵣ʲôδҪ˵İ

˵˭ģǳ
˵ɽ񵽵ģԵ֣ӡɢ˵

Ͼǳ壬ĵĻҲ֮С

ǳšü룬ڵˣҲȻӦɣһֻôȥ
Ͼ齭ǳԸܣ˵ˡ

˵ȫһİĵ

㲻ȥô֪Ӧɢ˵
ǳɻؿܾô²У׷ǹʼһŵôܴӦ

һֻӣȥһŵ;û
ǳ̲סԲһǻ棬ͻȻһ͡

ΪʲôͻȻǸ滹ͦȤġ




39.  ֧   ǿŵڡ

ǳĿǿŵ, ʮָӡ

ɢ˲֪룬ڵǿڣȥ˵Ҳԣ˵Ҽ񵽵, 㲻Ըæ, æ

ǳԻع, ʵô֪һͬأ
ҿҪЮɢһ̹ȻصϵȻ, 㻹ħ, ϴڽصʱ, ħѾħⶫǷβ, վҲǻ

ɢƶ۶ȻҲ֪ġ
۴Žǳݵԭ֮һ, 뽭ǳϴǰմȾħйء

ǳڵ㻹ħҪЮҵδ⡣
ħ𣿡ɢЦ

ǳһŻعһʱӡ
۱ڽ֮ʱǳѾ֪ˣ۵ħԼ

ⲻһֱδ, ɢ˵ƣǳ̲סֻ˻
벻룬ʵ޿ӱܵġ

һֱԸ, ʵģֻҪ飬Свӵġɢ˵ʲôɶ˵ֻȥ, Ҳܾ㡣

ǳɢ˵£֪ΪͻȻЩЩ죬ȴɹɶԼԸģûбô㵹ίˣ

ίʲô浱ôûƽϣɢЦ⣬Ϊٶ飬ܼΪһŵ𣿡

˵Ŀǿŵϣֿڵ˭Ϊӣ˵ΪЩˣҵԸһ˻ءʱ˵ңβʶҵ⣬մңҲԸġ

ò£ǿҪһֱ춯Ϊʹࡣ

ǳŵǱ⣬ܹȴʵʵڵġۣҲȷʵΪǳܵЩ࣬һѪ

˵ô飬ôίίС˼ǳ
ɢ˵ò٣ǳԼȴǲںЩģǰۣҲԼ֮ܿ£ΪСһ±ˡ

ۣӣȻҲԼΪǳԼ
ĳ˵뽭ǳƢ֮ġ

Ƕǰƽϵģ޶ֱֱϲʧ
ԼҪĶֵ˷

ǳ˳ɢ˵˼·룬ۻݣΪ˸ӣǽǳҲԸ޽Ƶضۺá

ɢ˿ʵ
ǳ˵ͷˡ

ԸԸϣ⵰ﶼ۹ͬѪȻǧཫۡһԼȥƺҲûʲôʵģ⡰סҲ̫ˡ

ˣǳǿŵ

ص󣬽ǳǿŵ˼ǧ
Ҫ۷٣ûھ͸ࡣ

ΪģǰҪϵ˼ô׳Լ˿ŵ

Ҫ֪˴£»ؾϣǳҲǺ֧ˡ˻ƽЩǳˣⷽ棬ųѰִ֡

ȻˣҪǵǣۻĵ

ǳֻӣڴ󲿷ﶼǷ˼顣ٴҲΪǳһŵͻ⵰ǽǳġ

ԽǳΨһĵ飬ͨ
ˣǳԦǵһ͸ͷ֡

ǳһԣ㷢ǿŵ̳һѪΪѪԵʣԼ컹Ǻܴġ

⵰ʱԼ۵ȴѾȫںϣһɶİ

ǽǳֱ棬ܴ⵰ҵЩԼϢѹͷ룬ȻҲĴһŵ﷭Լӡǡ

⵰뿪˽ǳ֮ʱΪȶ˭Ҳͨ뵽ǳǹҵ

ͨ˴˽ڣǳ˿
˵۵ˡ

һ磬۸𴲱쵽ж
ţǳһŸʳУһЦ⿴

һ⸱ģʱ뵽ǰľ
ǰǳÿմƯƯۡػܸ㲻ǳΪҪԼôã֪ǳĿҪ

Խǳιʼʩѵǰһ㣿

ۣ
֪뵽ʲôϸڣŽǳĿʱȾЩ

ôʲôǳЦҽȥ𣿡
ۻعæſڣǳ˽ȥ

ǳʳзŵǰһ߽ͷľƲȡںãһߵҼǵü㰮ԵĲʽȥŪġԺ濴ȥǳ˵šԵĲʽϰŵȴȫô£ԵĲʽɡ

۵Ҳ⣬ǳһʳѾˣ滹ܼǵʲô۷ҪĲ˵˶

ģʵ
ġǳ

Ʋ˰ں֮󣬽ǳߵţۼϴһߵǳ¡
ǳѵڵذۼ˲ˣǿԶ˼̹ȻǳиĵĶˡ

ƺҡǳһھƣššüζ治
һǳȾƣԺо˼¶ƺｭǳһơ

ǳȾûнƣҲˡ
Ȼ֪ζʲôǺܿĿֿʼЩˡ

۵״Ц⿴̬ûȣΪǵ΢ĽǳȤٺȶ˵ᶯִˡ

ôʲôǳ۵ԵеĲƵġ
Цһڳǳи硣

ǳ
֪Ϊʲôܸо⸱淢񻹲ֹһΡ

ǻ˴ǰǳ⻰˳ɾҪˡ
۵һγ˵⻰ʱ򣬽ǳץ۵Դĵʯϣʯˡ

գǳȴδգ۵½קۿЩյ۶ߵҽԣӦһ£òã

һֻö߱ǳϢɴһ/֮С
ԭͦõģǳôһҲеͷĸоˡ

ʲô£۹ʵ
ǳЦЦĿضۣСһܣȴӦңҲ˵

ǳ˵⻰ʱüһֻֻץ½󣬼ҪԷԼԴŽǳĿӽǳΪ΢΢۽ǣһ·£˽ǳıϡ

ǴմЩˮ⣬ӦǾա
ۿſţĪͲĳͷ

ҴӦ㡣ۺ΢ڵаɡ
ɲƭҡǳڵ

۵һЦŽǳҺʱƭ㣿
ǰƭ˵ΪҽⶾǳȻˣԴͦ

۱˾ˣЩΣڵǴȷʵƭ㡣㲻ˣƭһΣǾ˺òã

ԣ治ƭңֻҪҽˣͻӦ԰ɣǳص
Ϊ˾ƵԵʣü۵֮ȥ˴룬˿۽Ƿź⣬һĪĹ˳۵׷ӿԽԽŨҵ

ҴӦξƭ㡣۵
ǾͺáǳЦЦ΢΢˻Σæһǳ˻

ǳҲûпܣ۰뱧Լ۵۵ɴŲЦ⡣
Ŀ΢ȣʹ΢΢Žǳ΢ıϴ˹ȥ

Ȼʱ۽ǵƳһöɫĶӽǳϹ˳䵽һԡʶȥһöͨѩ׵ĵ

ʲôùֻʵ
ǳЦЦһŵ

Ϊʲôһŵʵ
ǳͷ˼ʱʱң⻰ʶڵġ

ۣ
аɣȶ˲ԣѧ˵軰

ǳǰƲѹͲ뵽ͽǳ֮ʲôѪ벻ǳһỳĹ⡣½ǳž˵ʵ۶ûа㻳ɣֻǳƷ衣

㿴Ư𣿡ǳʵ
ۿһǿŵЦţƯװ׵ġ

ϲ𣿡ǳʵ
ۿŽǳڵϲ

ǳԺǸˣȻˣȴԼǵԼ⡣
һָŵֻϣڵǾ죬£ҷһ

ۣ
ƻ˵ԽԽˡ

˵ˣɵüǵûҡǳڵ
ʧЦ֣Ҳ壬

ǳɫ㷽ŴӦˡ
룬ڵ˵и磬ҾʹӦ㣬ûС

ǳɻһ˲ҽˡ
ûС۵οûˣǳûС

ˣҸҪУͻȻҪҡǳ
һ϶ʱһ˿ڣֻԼ鲻Խǳˡ

Ȼǳ˾ƣô⣬Щ⧲

㷽ҪңҾͽˡǳھûе顣
ʱС˸ų˴̨ϡ

ʹǽȶ˾ҪС˸翪ڵ
æǡǡûС

Сǳ
εðɡ

Ǿ͵ӦˡǳЦЦ۵ֻʹգڵˡ˵ԴһᣬۼϾô˯˹ȥ

С˸ɵߣģʵܳ𣿡
㡣ۻﱧĽǳһǿŵʮãȻ

С˸ĿĵϣʵĶĵ
ԭ˳ŽǳǷ軰˵ǽǳģתһ룬ǳƽⷽ飬Ͼ¶Ը⣬ܽܡ

ϾǳԼƷ˵ҲͰˣ˵ˣǳº϶Ҫա

ˣۿڵǽİɡ
治ͦƯС˸

۵ͷ˿ǿŵȷʵͦƯġ
ǿŵͨѩףɫӨէһϺõ֬ĥɵһ㡣

ʲôС˸ʵ
ۿ˿壬ϲ

쵰ѼС˸šüǿȸҲǷ˵ȸ
ԿڵݵϵʲôУ⵰ŲѰСµġ

ĵΪʲôС˸翪ڵ
üʵǼҽҰ

С˸磺
ҽʲô¶ĳ

ơС˸翪ڵ
۽ݸС˸磬С˸ùδüһۣ־һЩˤˡ

ۼֿ죬æסһδ
ǳǵ̬ȣţǼΪӵġ

ǳȻ壬һͲǷƷĵȻᰮ֡
Լǵãǳ˰Ⱦ֮⣬һֱûʲôİá

ǳİÿһ̵

⵰ͷǿһС˸翪ڵ
Ųʧ֣ǱͷǿײˣԲЩõˤˡ

ǿŵûʲôرĸо
ԼΪǿ⵰ԣûκѹԡ

ټѪԵʣǿŵųԲŻˡ

Ŷ֪ΪɶˡС˸縣飬ڵ룬ŵžͲǷƷȻ廤ŵȻ廤ΣҪŵ⵰̫ǿСûֻнĴܷ

۱ýǳǾƺ˵ķ軰С˸ôһ˵ͦе

ΪʲôԼۿڵ
ǳ壬ԼǸϺ

С˸æȻˣ㲻֪ǽʲô
һӦ˹ǳҪϵôܷܽ飿

ԣŽ飬
ЩΣЩЦ

ĿڽǳϣĵԷЩС˼ôôɰأ

С˸̾˿ڵҾãһ˼
ʲôۿС˸ʵС˸磬ʱ˵ףʱȴִһִ޵ʡ

С˸¶ˡ
ۿڣ㿴һΣǰǰ˼ǧˣһûУֻܽڽϣԼĶһ㡣

ǰǻ˵׷𣿡ʵ
˵𣿡С˸翪ڵǴԣ˭֪١

ۣ

˳ǲصĸޣԲŻǰԼıС˸밡ʹˣǼҽǸˣⱲҲ˵ģ͵޺ˣ

ʵǳϲûۣҲӡ
С˸ô˵ȴҲûʲôɷģ뽭ǳ½ǳȶ׽˲Ҫˣ֮Ҳ׾Ͷǣ

ǰŵк˰С˸
ԵͷһŵĵС˸⻰Ҳ١

ŵǷƷȴܱǳ񵽣ҲһԵ֡
к޺ǲҪԵȷʵѵá

ûΪ˵ȽˣҲС˸ֵ

һ۵һ˿ӵ
С˸ĹѾϵĲ˳Եòˣ˸ãˣ˵Ҷ˵ˣʹôԼɡ

˵մｫǳţֵǼҽһǴ߰ɣǳʲôģս϶ҪӣҿΪá

ۣ

˵գС˸Žǳˡ
С˸ߺ۵ͷĵһ

ôƯĵ뽭ǳмơ
˵֮䵱ʲô˲õԵ֡

ǳ˯˴գֱƻʱתѡ
ڴãȻһᣬһŷֵˡ

أǳʶʵ
С˸ſһԴԿڵ㲻ʹ˰𣿡

ǳһԺ˾֮ʱ顣
첽ֱ۵ķȥ

һţǳɫԱſڴϡ
ǳ̧ۿȴû

ɫԱξݽ.ƽﻯʱɢذԻɣڽǳǰʱᷭƤǳʾá

Ǵ˿̣ȴſڴϣƿȥΪء

أǳʵ
̧۶Žǳһ̧һֻצӰ壬Ա

ǿŵ˿ڱĶƤ¡
ڱӺɫëУöͨѩ׵ĿȸԵüΪͻأ

ϸȥ⡰ڴһסĴ䣬ȴ͸һĪĺг




40.  ֧   ܲ

Ƭ̺, ֻצӱ˻ȥָԭſԵƣǿŵ²ػ˶Ƥ¡ǿŵΪͷ̫СڱӶӵ֮, Ͳ󿴵ó, ӵοδΪŵκα仯

ǳԭ, һĻ, ƺܵ˲Сĳ

ǰԤۿܻӦԼҪ, , û뵽ۻӦô˳ǳһ񣬲˴ǰԼϵʱ, ƺҲϡͿʹӦˡ

ǸʱǳԭЩµͷԡ
۲û, ϧǴνǳԼУʧ˻ᡣ

ôһ룬ǳųɢ˵һӦʱΪʲôôƶ

̧ͷһֱŽǳǳعߵ齱ߡ
ĿڱѲһ飬˱ӵĶƤ

ôǳʵ
ɫԱŽǳ, ΢ڵеӲ

ǳ̲סԲһ£ӲĵǵڱĶƤϣͷһС鰼ݡ⻭ǳ̲ס뵽˱ӶƤĴ, ̲סЩġ

𣿡ǳֿڵ
áӿڵ

ǳ齱ߣڱӱᴥһ£ӵļоĴ̲ԱЩǳΪǲ, ջ֣û뵽ȴ˸ƣϣǼνǳʩΪӡ

ԭڶƤͷĵ˿̱һֻצ§סԼƤëС
ǳ״̧ڱ˼£΢΢ﲱ۾Ҳ΢΢

ʵһֱǳڵϢġ
ÿշʱһЩ˵ӿڵ

ǳ԰ȻӦ˰ҲǺΪѵģԲŻҪսپ

û뵽ȴڵ֪ʲôˣе档
ǳһû뵽ôҵҵΪľôһԭ

۲ɫûʲô֪۶벢δŵʵϽǳΪȶ˵Եʣ䲢ЩǲԼγ˵ˡ

ˣǳʵͬ˵ģ
˵ӿ˽ǳһۣվûҵýǳǳǿڵ˵ģҰ

ǳͲµ۲δŵɣԻǲ˿

û뵽ͬ⡣ǳڵ
Ϊʲôͬ⣿ӿǳڵ㳯ҪʲôҶͬġⶾ飬Ҷ˵οֻǷһŵ

ǳԶⲻһȣӦ˼˵¶˵ȽⶾҪ򵥶ˡ۵֮ǣΪⶾһΪѵ飿

ǰǳδϸΪԼⶾ˼ֻԷΪ˺۵ΪѾ֤ʵ²Ǵġʵ˼ǳö֪Ը룬Ҳ롣

ȴ̲סЩͻȻе֪Ϊⶾʱ򣬻ľ˼

ˣǳʵҽⶾúΪѣ
Դɵشһֻצϣڵʵ𣿡

ǳ˵ͷš

˿ĿһĨӵǳ
ǳ֪뵽ʲô͵һֻ̲ס߬סԼ°ڡ

Ϊⶾӿڵҹҹͣ£ʵеۡ
ǳڱϵֻһ٣ĺȥЩɫҲȷ˼֡

𣿡ǳڵ
Ӧ֪ԼͦźİɣӿڵҪĺܶ࣬ʱӿ죬ʱһ̶ҷɣ㲻

ǳԶĺ⳹ȥӵҲָ롣

ôԹԣ´Ҫǻǳڵ
ҲСӿڣ·ǳҪ˵򵥵ټˣҪǾ˻ش𣬡´ζ˵Ҫã㶥ס

ǳȻ뵽ԼϴΡ顱ıҾ˵ˡ
Ӷ˶壬˼ʾ⽭ǳǳȴһֱۣˣˡ

ӿŽǳıӰ۵׸һ˿Ц⡣
Һã

⼸սǳ۵̬̫ˣùͷһֱϰ˽ǳе㲻̤ʵȻҲϣǳһЩ̲ס붺Ūһ½ǳϰ˳ԿҩĲˣ㲡ԺˣҲʱٳһǿζԴȷ֮ζʵġ

һߣǳطΪա
ΪĻû뵽۾ڱԹԼöԷۡ

쵰ֱдΪԼϡæⶾ
ǳԽԽգԼһָΪӵʧ

ǳ벻ͨԼΪʲôʧ
ѵʲôĺĻ

ѵڴ˵ΪⶾжôĸԸô֮£
ǳ˼ңһ٣˴롣

侲֮󣬱̲סۻɱӹԹſΡ

ӹؾſĻ棬Խǳ˵̫гˣһ棬ĪͱȡˣԺж۵Ĳ̾ʧˡ

ǳһĻʱ򣬺֪ķ֣۷ʱ̬ĺ̹Ȼû˿Ťų⡣

ˣǳӿһĨ
ڽǳôѵ飬Ϊʲô쵰ӾôȻ

һŭ壬Ƿ겻ֿʼ̾С˸ڲԶİϣڵҲ̫˰ɣ

ǳƳһۣĵǰ˵Ļ⸱ûʧӦǸԵʡˣǳ̾˿ŬƽһԼ顣

ʹڷ𣿡С˸ʵ
ǳӦһ

С˸ڵʹΪ˲Ҳǻȥˡ
ǳһĵ۱ǿŵĵ֮һҲǲ䡣

ϸ룬ʹ˵ҲδΪ˲С˸ڽǳǰ˵ûʹ˶뻹Ϊ˽㡣

ǳšüͷû

С˸״ֵ뿪ôãھǵʱ򣬻ݵʹһβǶԽ˳ʹɲˡ

ǳƳһۣôĪǶ˼
ôܣС˸æƲϲĿǴ

ǳûֱ˯ˡ

С˸أֹҵʹѧϰ˴ΪޣҲö˳˵ҾΪۡ

Ȼ⻰˿ûҪӳ佭ǳ˼ֻижһδȻǳУԶʹ⻰ġӡɫзɳȻС˸ſŵֻնһֻȶС˸⧲Щˤȥ

ǳȻܽԼĳιϵаݡӡĽɫС˸ǷȴӰ˸ġجΡ

ǳεԼ˺üֻкɫģаɫģкڰ׻ɫġȻʣЩȻġ

ǳ
ǳһֻһֻ۱һֻһֻ

һʱ߻ΧźöѾ˿ǵСӡ

ǳⳡŵùǺȻˡ
ϰΣͷ亹ˡ

̫ˣôô൰
ԸҲԸ˰

ǳ뵽ô൰;÷ꡣ
̫ˣ϶Ըܡܽһֻǰͷֻ飬ڶģһֻУ

ԣǳȻʶԼ뵽ʲô
ôһŸǰͷ飿һŶ룡

ҪҲӦŶԡ

۷鲢Ǹܣܿ촫ɢ˶С
ķչȻϣ⡣

ģһ¡
գҢȡһ֧˵һյġ

Ϣķʽڳ;Ϣ
ʸ񷢳࣬ųݵĽǳʣµѡˡ

ʦ½ϳʲôӣҢ翪ʵ
½ϵûӣֻµҪˡɢ˵

Ң粻ʵʦγԣ
ɢ˿һۣûлش⣬ǿʵ⼸Σ

кãûʲô춯Ң

ԴϴԽڽ֮Ңûأÿζ֮Χ̽ɢ˳غ¼ӹ̹Ľƣһֱûгʲôӡ

׻ЩסҲáɢ˵ͷһǷֵѭܻ˳Ȼɡ

ҢɢЩӣû׷ʲô
ȴԼܲµݵϣҪӭµĿˡ

˶ʦЩ¡

Դ֮󣬵ϵķ˱Щ
ܽǳסڵϵҲٱǷ˲˲١

ķƺ쵽ʲôͣ˷ȥһסСģٳ֮ǰ˺üν罫

ͷ꽻ӣ˯֮§æأˣΪջ𡣲ڵ֪۵֮󣬱ֳ̲

ֻæŪһԽЯĿڴ
²ʱҲܽߡ

ȻȫŪһ磬ߣվףһȣǽʱ򣬷İ취׵ģֱӷӽװͷ

ʹˣ֪⵰ʲô𣿡۷첼ļ϶ʵ
ʵҲ²ĺǿӦǸѰ壬˵ֻ߽״

ΪȻɵ˵ͷ
۵ǰƲϼҴڵһŵ㻹׾ͷԭˡ

ЦЦûз
δƲʲôϼҴڣֻǴδҲ롣

񡭡
뵽˽ǳ뵽ǿŽǳĵ־һƺ˿ܡ

ӰѾһõСݸۣڵҿ㲻û˼ģлᡣ

۵׸һ˿Ц⣬Ǹʵʵ𣿡
ģͷţ֤ȫġ˵ųһǲ϶˵ĳʾ۽Žȥ֮󣬿ԽĿڷá

һξСЩ֮ԼĥĶ
ݵϸ˺üⲼտ˵ǡ¯ࡱ

лˡǲԥһֿڵ⼸ǾҪڵ߶

ؾ쵽ʲôʵʲôˣ
Ҳ˵ãܾʲôҪ۵

ʵоûʲôݣֻǸ߽״ֱˡ
ۣԱ㽫Ļϡ

յϷ˲ϣҲȷʵһɽ¥ĸо

սǳ֮һûۡ
Ҳ̵ֻôˣսǳ̲סȥ۵ס

֮ǰԭЩŤɫԱſӣʣ޼ҲʧӰˣȡ֮ͷһƬ

ǰôûӾôϲʱ

ǳţһʳСǷ˵ӣǰôۣҲΪĹ͡

ҪԶ𣿡ǳʵ
̧ۿţ㻯Ρ

ǳʳеݸεۣǿŵ
֪ǲĴͷƺǰǿ˼֡

ųۿŽǳڵ
ǳתͷۣĿһ֣ڵҲų㡣

Ӧһ۵״żЦ⡣
ǳǿŵͼͷ뵰ǿŵȴûʲôӦ

ǳ̲סĵ⵰ô׽᲻ԼԶʱһСֻ׽Լ׽ԼͰˣ

ǳ͵͵һۣ˾ƣǰԼ
۱ýüĿʸӢǷôοŽǳǳвһʶܿĿ⡣

ۿڵ
ǳԽһԵĎzߵ¡

۽ƱݸǳǳֻһСڣûжȡ

ۿ۵ȾЦ⣬ǳÿζȵ˵ȴɼҪȾƣִֺŰս;ֻнǳŻаɣ

ʱ𣿡ǳʵ
ĿӽǳžƱ޳ָջأڵȤżһӦҾӦúϲҡ

ǳһʱһٴеı飬Сӹѱˣ
ʶ˵һûȥԼɣ뵽ſ˳ģסˡ

ǣôչȥӿ϶ԽԽ׽ԼԽԽԶǳתԼҸ취ıһ⸱档

ۼǳšüͷʵôˣ
ûôǳΪԼ˼Ʊͷľһˡ

Ҫֹסˡ
ƺָǳһƣǳٴζƱһڵܲ£

ۣ

ǳ۶룬ֲҹͷ̫ˣҡҡλΣδ

˵δ۱㲻ڴϵľ
֪뵽ʲôϸڣ۵׵ЦȻŨ˼֣ڵá

ǳȻ˿̲סֺһ
̲סֽƺˣ½ǳȶ˵

Ȼϲǳ˵Щڴǳͬ֡
ǸҪУϾһ仰ˣǳͶһա


뵽ǰǳǷԼһ仰̲סǳһơ

Ƭ̺󣬴ǳǱƺ꣬۹ԽǳľʱҲˣҽǳʱȷʵЩ죬ĿҲܷͣϺʱģ

ˣۿǳи硣

ǳ
Һý컻˵ƣˡ

ԭ쵰Լ󣬾ˣ
и磿

ǳЦ쵰˺и֮⣬Ҳ֪ûġ
ˣǳһЦװһģ




41.  ֧   ҿԽ

Žǳ, Щ
ǳ̫ûôЦˣõ˽ǳôЦ

˼ӿ˲䣬ۼ£еĽǳ, һģ, ݺЦ, ˫, һԶϨҹ顣

Ǻ

㶢ҿʲôǳż⳯ʵ
ۻع, ῴǰĽǳ, ڵÿ

ǳһҲһ˲

ѵʱ, Ǻٳ˵ֻģΪ, ۿ·Щ˼ɣʱĿ⻹ƽһЩ

˺ÿأǳʵ
濴ܹԡ

ǳЦ쵰ǵ, ˵ÿҲͰˣԲĻȻҵᣬɼȫû˵廤, ͺ͹մϱˣ

и磬òãҲ֪Ϊζƺִ
ǳһݣȴ, ɴż̬

۾ۣ˹ָսһ㡣
æǰ˴գǳǾ벻ɴԼյߡ

ҽʲôǳʵ
и硣ص

ǳЦһյ۶ߣ̫ǳıǼ䴥۵Ķ䣬ͷһ۵ȻӿһĨȵĿ⣬ţȴҲûܳײס

ôУҲᡭǳ۶ߣ˵ʱ΢ȵϢ絽۶ϣЩ۾䣬ǵ۶ϺͲʱһƬ

壬ȴû㿪ǳǴɽǳԼԽԽ

̽ҡǳֵ
תͷǼ⼸뽭ǳıǼⴥһ

ǳ۵һ˿ɼĻңǿס˶㿪ͷǸ鿴ۡ쵽۵Ŀ䣬ĴͣãҲ΢΢һ¡

ҽ㣿۵ڣκζߣΨŽǳĿżΣյϢ̧ǳ°ͣɼӿЩֵܽĶкܶ࣬ѧ𣿡

ǳһֲ󣬰Ԧ׼һ۽Ƶʱʲôģ㵱ץнѵԷһ仳Щ˼̬ȴǸ΢ģ

һЩδؿߡ
ԳȻҲϾ⽭ǳЩϸ֦ĩڵС

ʲôǳ˫Ŀ΢΢ţʵ
Ĵָڽǳ°΢΢Ħһ£ڵʲôУ硭

ǳ
Ϊۻ˵ʲôĻ˻û뵽õľһ𰸡

ǳȵͬʱеʱһĪʤ
Ҫۺú棬Է׻ˣʲô

˵⻰֮۵΢Щͬʱ̲סмֺ档ʵͦ뿴ǳӣİ׿ȸܹԹſӶȻȤ

һڴţȴ½ǳ˾֮¡
˵֮󣬱ЩˣҪջء

Ȼǳȴûᣬֱǰ˰׿ȸ
׿ȸŵ̧ͷۣ׵βȻչһƬССĻΡ

׿ȸδʾ˹Ưβ𣬾ô⧲ǰδȫչǻɴžĶǵСһĻĿڽǳྫµβϣ춼ûŲ۾

׿ȸĿӿƵ㺡
Ҫȥ׿ȸβȴֽҪëʱͣסˡ

˿Ǹϵͽһ㣬ƺԼĴŪ˶ԷƵġ

׿ȸͷ̧ۣһ߳һ¡
ȸëģһսĴС

һ̣۱㻯ɫԱǵز˲ȸԴ
ںɫԱͷҪ¿ȸëʱ򣬿ȸȴΡ

ǳһְڱӼϣḧűӵ塣Լëر۾ʶԷƤͼȥȡýǳ

ǳ۵״żЦ⣬һڱĶƤϣ϶µػȻһٷ˸Ƥ²ػ·ĳſԵơ

ǳüװ֪˺£һһµظźɫԱ
ɫԱ͵һֱ´뿪ĴԾ˴⡣

ǳѵÿԷǱģʱá
漴֪뵽ʲôҲЩ졣

䲻ңȴҲž⡣
ǳûòʡ£⻹еġ

ɲĪġ

ҹͷɡ
ɢԺпһɫ۵Ⱦ˼Ц⡣

ˡɢ˿ڵ
ҢߣҲ˳߿һɫʵʦ˵ǹλ

šɢӦ
û뵽ˡҢ翪ڵѵǧֻΪץȥ

ɢûлشҢ⣬ǿڵΪʦȥӭһӭͰɡ
ҢæӦǣɢ뿪Ժӡ

ҪҪȥ֪ͨһҢЩĵʵ
֪ͨкãҹ·ɢʧЦ

Ң̾˿һʱЩò׼λ͵⡣˵ΪץȥδҲ̫Сˣ˵Ϊ˱ģȴƫƫѡ˽ڵϵʱʱδ̫ɺˡ

㲻˽ǡɢ⵽Ң˼ڵǸȴҲδزתΪʦͬ˵ǲִ̫ţǡ

ҢԱûٶԡ

һߣɫԱͷһ˲١
вɸ̾ǳȶ˵ԽԽˡ

ǰֻǰ˵񾹻ʼҿˡ
ۿȸ֪֪˿ʲô˼

һ߷һ̲ס˰׿ȸβ뿪ƯģòϣǳⱲӼƯ壬ֹëƯһһһ˵С

ֻôһ룬ò侲Щ궯
òŲӣͷ˺һ峹ƽŻط

ۻȥ֮󶼻Щ£ҿãýǳôһ֣ʲôص飬սǳȻҪ

֪ǳƢô˭ͷͷ϶Ĵ
˿ûί¶һ˿εЦ⡣

طĿֻƱϡ
ǰֻŶŪǳԼһ㶼ûϺȡ

ֻƱһڡ
һھȥǱ˲Щ

ơҲ̫Щ

ǳǾٲ⼸ȥҲ΢ô֣򲻿ܵġ

ۣ
ΪԼڶŪǳͷԼǱŪǸ

뵽ԼǱģЩΡ
һ뵽ǳΪ˶鶼ˣ˼صϲá

תͷϵĽǳԷֱ˰׿ȸģѾ˯ˡ
С齱ߣŷǳǿŵ£Լĳ¡

ۣ
аɣҲ̣ǿҲǻɡ

һߡ
ɢںߡ

ҹУķӹԶ˾֮ңһʯϡ

ȥΡ
ɢĿѲƬ̣˿֪ܻ䡣

𣿡
ɢ˵һЦôòֻ۾ͽ㿴òˣ˾ôôС

˾
ĬĬ׽˰ֻ֣ϻôˣѾˡ

һ°ɡɢ˶ŷһڵ㲻ԶǧݵȻ˼ˣϾôҲûѵֵ.żڣҪ˰æ

Żɢˡ
ɢ˱΢΢һͣЦĻ

Ƴһۣڵ󻤷ǳǶ𣬶Ա෬棬˻һ𡣱ǣҪɢ˿ɷи㣿

ҡɢ˵⵺ϴ˭ס
⻰˵ǫȴǽ˷һԹ˼ĹʽûǿнŪߡ

ɢ˴ŶԷ˽⣬һ仰ס˶Է

֪㲻ĽǳСѣǰ̽αſڱտŻɢ˷𣬱ַŻڵѽ춾˵㣬Ҳڡ

ɫ΢䣬ûпڷɢˣȴҲûӦ
ɢҲû˵ʲôֱȥԼס

ɢ˵ס´һۣ˲Щ
Ƭ̣ڵǴǰӡ

ǿɲҡȷӡɢ˵
һۣûнӻ۵ĿȴЩӡ

Сȸ棬ǽĹ⣬ֻ´һҶδܼһ档ɢ˿ڣдżЦ

ڵûô졣
ɢ֪˵ԼûôֻζЦЦû˵ʲô

ǳǸأ𿪿ڵ
㿴㣬һᵽǾôɢʧЦȰһ䣬ӻںͷء

šüĿżӡ
ɢüСȸȶ츴ˡ

𣺡
ΪʲôҪѡʱݵ

뼤ҹٻȥɢʵ
ֻһɢЦϾǱΪСȸ磽ȶʱֻ»ᴫԶ⵺ϡ

۵һ˿ŭ⣬ȴδ
ƺҲʶˣԴԼ˵֮ɢÿ仰ʹ

һﵹһɲ䣬ôˡᡱ

Ϊܻס˱Ҫġ𿪿ڵ
Ҿ͹ܲˡɢ˵ĶҲҵõµȥ֣ͽǱӿˣСȸعǡ

ɢˣЩա
ȷʵͷ񱻶Էôֱ׵˵ֻܴͷˣȻԵʲôԷ֪Ƶġ

Ƿ꣬žôԷԭ
ֻһ۾Ϳ˼

ˣֻʱЩ뷨תڵȥؿһۡ
ɢһüæãŷȥ˽ء

Уħɲɢħ

ڷ̤ȥһ̣ħʱ㱻ϵסˣЩǱԼħʵʵڵأԴ̧һ¡

㾹û俪ڡ
ħһ۵Ȼֳ

쵽ӿȻͳħڵء

˶ص
ħʹٷæڵϣз͵͵İ

͸ýⶫڡɢ˵ô꣬ħ˿ɼûл֮ġ

ɢ˿ڵⲻдСȸǣɱСȸҲɢʱСȸô죿

ӵ֮ķˣȻзӻס𿪿ڵ˵ⶫźô񵹺á嶯˼ӹƭݵΪ֪ʲô˼

ɢ˵㻤һʱ
𻤵һʱȻҲһ

ǰأɢ˵
һͣȴЩ˵ˡ

ã뿪˽ء
ɢ˿ıӰ̲ס̾˿

һߡ
ǳ§ǿŵ˯㣬ûһΡ

˯ǰﻹһûһۺ͵飬˼νۼܱסСԼ̫⡣

Եʱǳ㽫⽹Ǵ

ǳεǿŵڱ۷ˣС۳һģһ㶼ûԼӰӣýǳί

ƾʲôĵһԼӶûУ

ýǳǣСֹԼòһҲ׷ۺͷеɰѽǳˡ

ǳвޣץСһ˵Ҳ
СһﱻǳŵʣԽǳԽԶˣ涼Ҫߡ

ǳˣǧټ볯С֤ԼݣκСûӰӣǳû֤

ǳû취ˣֻȥۣ۰Լ֤

֤һЦ⿴Žǳ
ǳΪСֻǿŭ⣬ڵġ

ۿŽǳһֱЦҲ˵
ǳˣߵСǰģ졣

һŽǳǳԼ۵ִյ۶߽г֡۵ĻŭţץСӱǳе

Сһظίˣ۵Ⱦܡ
ǳ״һίƳ飬æȥ׷Сˣ׷֮ץǳе

ڰ׿ȸߴأ߱㴫˿ȸ߽

е
׿ȸ૵

һǰһνǳȶ˾ƣҪе

ۣ
ⰮãδҲ̫ˡ

׿ȸδŲ˳岻ض˶
Ӽ״æȥ׿ȸë

ͷһԽԽ
ڣ̧ۿͷܵԶѹ

˿ûη壬̧Ԧ뿪ŵĴϣͷ°׿ȸë

׿ȸƺǴԸ
ȸط˸ë޵Ͽ˿

󣬱ӱŶߴ˽ǳһ˵Ҷԡ

ۣ

ѹ֪ǳξʲôݣֻǳ⻰ǶԼ˵ģΣǡֵİ




42.  ֧   أ

ͷѹڵĴ
̧Ƴſڵķ, ϡֱܷ

ǿԶʤڽǳڽǳ֮ϣ۲Ѳµ˭֪Էͷ, ȴ˿ûҪƵ˼, ˵ڰ׿ȸ, Ϊ׿ȸë

еİ׿ȸٴη˸, µĵ˳
צӽԼ, ½ǳСĽѹˡ

ѹϮ, ܿӰ쵽еĽǳ
ǳΣüͷ΢΢š, ۿҪˡ

Σڽǳ߲˲, ԰һ󻯳Ρ
Żس˽绤˷š

ͷĳ΢΢ſս̬
۷Ӧ, ˱𣬳Ϯ

ۻһ۷ŵķ򣬻ɫԱת෴ķȥ֪˿̽ǳֱŭ, һЩŽǳӣ»ҲһЩۿɾͲһˡ

ȴýǳԷ, ǴԷ
Ϊ˱򶷲ǳ⽫Զ

ȻԱбٶ֮һҲվвˡ
۸ո뿪סã㱻УˤɳȥԶ

ЮŭΧҶӶһƬ

غ󻯳ΣǺһѪ
ûϢĻᣬԦٴϮ

ԦֵܹĹһֻȴһƺۡ

ȻΪŭԦϮ

ŽǳԷĹϵҳֹֻҵֵһϱ㱻˺üһɫƤëûɵ·˺ۣմҲˣʮǱ

Զɢ˾һĻ
һԵͽҢ翴źǽţüζ̲סˡ

ʦʹ˻᲻£Ңʵ
㵭ЦһЦڵİɣԷ˵Ҫȡӵһжܶùѵˣñɣˣ˵Щ

ҢԿԶһĻ⵽ֿʵûжɱģжأǼƹڽѵƵġ

ۿǱʵܵʧֻǳЩƤ֮ˡ
ãֱѾЩվˣͣ֡

ƾʲôΪԼܻסԲ
վ̲סǺһѪڵǿΪҪǿҪ˭š֮⣬ǳȲҪԼҲҪ𱣻

Ϊβ𣿡ʵ
ǲңǲá۵

ĿһݣԦ볯۶֣ȴסˡ
ŭƬ̣һȥ

۴Զתס
ǳ֪ô£۽ŵʱˡ

˭ˣǳʵ
˵˯ɡӰûпǳϵ̫ǱȫƤˣұ˺ָĺֻҪܿ˺ۡ

۲ýǳԼ⸱ǱģԶЩ
ǵĽǳ͵ҹȻҪҸط˵

ϻ˽ֺдĶԷǳؾ쵽Ѿ˲٣һ˼µ˭ġ

ϣ۽ֻ·壬ֻз

ˣǳȻ
ۿŽǳ֪ס˵ͷ

ǳƬ̣Ĵһۣʵأ
ۻش𣬽ǳ㿴˽ĵ߹ȥҪãȴջ֡

Уȷǳﷳ˼ֵȥҳͣ˵ʱΪ˽ȶ˽뿪ҳϴ˵ġ

ǳ˵žͳߣšüû
ǳߵſȴͻȻͣתͷۣʵ㶯ˣ

ɫһڵȥ
Ϊʲôǳʵ

Ʋã˵Ǩŭ㡣۵
ǳһԥߵߣؿϵˡ

ǱǳԴյøЩšüͷպͲ˺ۣڵȻˣ

۵һЦڵҼˡ
ҡǳЩھεָ˿ϣԦΪˡ

Ȼ𲢲ϣȻҲ֪һ㣬ס˽ǳ֣ڵӣֻЩƤˣҿҪˡ

ƴȵĴУڽǳ΢ϣǳвһ
ʶԼ֣ĿȴƳϵ˿ڣĲɾˡ

Ӧңȥ۵
ǳ˵ͷʮֲ

ôͻȻݵǳڵҪץһع󣿡
ģץ㡣ۿڵ

ǳȴ㲻˽˵һ飬˭Ҳס϶ҪץߵģҪعˡ

ǳüͷԽšԽĿǲ
ۻǵһοǳ⸱ӣڵô

㲻ɱġǳ˵̲ס˼顣
ȴΪǾ˵Ļ۾һʵ㲻

ȻǳڣƬ̺õص㻹ҽȶأҷ
Բʧ˽⽭ǳӣǳԽҲ˵Խ顣

ԣô죬Բ֪ǳߵԱߣڵŵһ䵽֪ˡʹŵܰɡ

ۣ
ǳ⵱ǱŵùǺ

ֻǳĵֻһ֮£ȴ֪ǳĵĻһͬŵǺۻһͽ۴֪ǻһŵֻ¾Ҫɱۣٽˡ

ԽǳŻ
̫ͻȻˣѹûиӦԵʱ䡣

һߣѵ֮󣬱صס
ݵһԺ䣬ͷһž޴ͩƽմû˸ҿ

Ƿ֮ȴǴĬԼס
Ȼڴ˵ס

ˣɢ˿ʵ
Ҫɱֻӡ

ɢȻΪ˽ӣ˿Ϊ⣬ЦţҪɱģʲô

ǴһˡƳɢһ۵ŽǳҪң㵹ãҪһͬң

ɢ˿ڵҺˣ
ħýǳסڵϣΪ֪ʲô⣡뽫ǳǴħȡǳûմȾħħúħһ

ǲˣɱģ㡣ɢ˿ڵ
ȰңҶ߶߶һŭ

Ϊ֪治ͬǳһˣ㶨ûڡɢ˵㵱ܺСȸһֱߣһӶֻǻţް˴˲

кβɣ鰮˵ṇ̀ҪЩ
ɢȻϰ˷⸱ӲӣʧЦСȸ治ģķǵʱֱһģһ

ԣŭԻЩ

֪𣿡Ĭú󣬿ʵ
ʲô֪ǸӲûиֻ˵Ҫڵɢ˵

ɫÿЩ
ɢֵֻӻǺܼɻģ֪Сȸ㣬ȻǵĹϵ

ǳױǱģ˵ģ
ǡɢ˵СȸȻҪһЩ

ŭʵǳϵô£
Ƚϸӡɢ˿ڵ磬ͷɡ

ۿŭˣ˵Ǽ£ƴ˷׷ˡ
˵סƢҹɱˣǾ鷳ˡ

һ磬ǳսսȥ˷

ԼȥģֻδȫϣǳȥˣϼˡȴҪͽǳһȥǷѾѵˣ

ǳз겻ˡ
۳ǰȥǿŵиտ´иʧ

бϣɢ裬ǳͷɫʱˡ

ɢ˺飬Ҳֻ뿴ηӦ
Ƭ̺󣬱𵭵ߡ

ɢ˲ʧЦȻǵӲһ
Ǵδת⣬ڵɡ

ԸҪתʵýʹһ𣿻ֻý
һҲͷɫһ䣬ڵһɣ˭Ҳ

һãȻɢ˳Լһͷųȥ
ǳ˿ȷʵЩ¼

漴̲ס
¼һ£һˡ

ˣҰˡǳ૵
ԱߣûֻŽǳ

ǰģͲҡǳ֪뵽ʲôֳһĨίɫڵķһתˡ

ĳ̶ֳ϶ԣǳʵǽ𵱳˸׵Ľɫ

ԷŷǱѰоº𾴡
ʲôû˵ֻڽǳͷ

ۺٿǳģίͰ𷣵Сһ㡣
һŽǳıӰ·𿴵һֻԴСȸһ㣬ǰԷһëοһ

ڣһɢ˵ݹĲ衣
κɢʵˣ

ɢ˷Ӧ˵ʲôڵһٵ˰ɡ
ŵز˲ǵĲգڵɡ

ԱߵæȥƬ̺ȴػ𣬽ʹѾˡ

Ŀһݣòѹȥŭٴӿ
Цһ۵һ˿Զ׼Σɫѿ˼㡣

һԵɢ˼⸱Աģ͵Цֻǿš
ƳһۣĲ豭Ȼɹȥɢһѽס

ɢ˿ڵ
졣䣬ֱҪǳˡ

ɢֻʵʵ죬̲סЩЦ
Ǹ飬ˡ

ǳջȥ֮󣬰̾˺þá
һķԺ󶼲ˣһֵǿŵ֡

һԿͼǳǿŵת˺üˣһŵһ˷˽գҲûҵ׵ĵط

һŵѣĶôǨŭɣۿڵ
㶮ʲôǳڣƬֽ̺͵ĵһ飬֪˶Ȼ

۲֪ǳ˼ֻǳǱźͿˡ
ĵ˵մȾҲҽǳ㣬͵ʲôϵ

ҲŽǳɽǳ˸飬ſڵ绹ǲϰɣѵһˣӦòôûȣٶڶ֡

ǳ룬˵ƺЩ

ɵóұ֤Ҫ㶯֣˵ʲôҲñסŵǳڵ
۵˵ͷӹǿŵԼǰǸ

󣬽ǳȥһη
ǰһͨԭҲԸˡ

ǳΣֻþɥػȥˡ
ҹǳ˯úܲȣһֱΡ

˼Եʣҹεǰ顣
ʱĽǳֻǸ꣬ʧǣǲȣҲľޡ

ǸʱΪǳˣûûҹŽǳȹǶѰӡ

ξУ꽭ǳڷߣСһֳ
𵭵Ӧһ۵ȴѵȾһ˿Ц⡣

Ǹʱôأɢ͸ĻŽǳξڵ
û۵ȴЩ

ԼʱǳôƺʲôʱʼǳԽԽԶأ

Сȸģ̫ˣ˲׽ɢ˵

ûжҲûзֻξе׿ȸǵ굽˷˻ĳͷȡůСȸһ㡣

ˣûҪɢ˿ڵȻҲ㣬ε㡣
ĬƬ̣ڵˣҰɡ

ɢӦһ˵ͷ

Ȼô˵ûסȥ˽ǳס
ƺͲµ⣬ûȥ

ǳ飬֪ǳЩĵġ
ʱֻܿţȥŭ𣬷ĵĻǽǳ

ڵϵʱ򣬲ٿһ۵
ۻﴧŵأûֻ

˺ݻݡ
ڣǳأ˯Щȡ

ߵ齱£ڽǳͷ
ǳܵسߴ˴գһֻקס˷°ڡ

𱻽ǳ⸱̬ȡˣ۵״żֵЦ⣬Ϊѵϣڽǳͷ˼¡

ǳ˯Ѽ䣬ƿ

ëأǳԺ
һһ˿ãȻ

ŽǳԺصôû䱪ӣ
ɫʱ࣬û뵽ǳǽǸ쵰壡

ʱǳֺһѣԺʵأ

𣺡
֪ǿŵĴڣֻǳ۵ġ

һԽѿ˼֣һ䡰֪߳ܡȥ




43.  ֧   ˣ

, ۲֪ʲôֻ÷ž޴ѹȻͳڷŭһ̣ŭڳ, ɫࡣ

ſ, ŭĿһ, ĿǴ㽫۸յɳƵġվǿס, ʲôû˵, 첽뿪Ǵ

һ޹ŷȥӰ, ʲô
ʲôû˵Ҳʲôû

ߺ, ۲Žݡ
նԷѾˣ, Ӧòڶˡ

۽֮ȴǳûѣ˯š
Щɻ󣬲׽ǳȻûѵĻΪλô

ѵǳֻ˯žܽ
ߵ, ڽǳǳָż⡣

۵ĿڽǳϣǳɫƺЩ԰סšüŽǳһ, Ŀ¶Щɻɫǳ⼸ƺ˯ñƽʱҪ˯ʱҲȴǰˡ

˵⵺棬ǳ²˯ҲǿԵġ

ۼǵС˸˵, ǳڹʱҲû˯ϰߣֻھƽʱΪ㣬Żѧϰÿ˯

ôˣ

ϸһ룬ҹʱ򣬽ǳƺҲûѡͷôãȷе˵۱ѵôãǳ˿ûо졣

ֻǳ˯óȴЩϾһλ⣬ŷ𶼽ˣôǿѹǳȻҲûѣ̫ˡ

һְڽǳģ̽һ½ǳڵû쵽ס
üͷɽţʶǳӦǳʲô֪⡭

һߡ

ȥ֮󣬻Щסˡ
ɢһ԰˲裬һЦ⣬ֻѲµԷȥǳ

ѹһѹɢЦ
㵹ѹһҿ֪֪ű桭

˵һ룬ǳ˯ǾٶЩ˵ȥˣһɢ˵ݹĲˡ

ɢæϣߣһֱϣĴָһûһµĦֱڰ

Ƭ̺󣬷ɫԻЩĿⲻɢ޳ָϣ΢΢һʱɢȴÿ֣ߵһ£ȥˡ

Сȸˣ׼ɢ˵㲻Ǹӣ˵Ҳˡ

ҲͰˣ𲻶ΪλǸĻ쵰ôģŭ
ɢĵô˵Ե˵

ⱪ壬ãǿҲһˡ

ɢ˿ڵϸ룬Сȸȶ֮ǸӲΣգҹĶ˵ڶζʱ򡭡һôõʱ䣬׽飬ôܰ˼οʱй֡

ûֻɫţ

ֻ˵⡣ɢ˿ڵСȸȶһ£Ǹ⣬ǡʱȥ˹˵øлǣǡֻܾˡ

ššü򲻵ҲôɽǳϾųģҪｭǳⶾ˳Ҳ׺׵ʱľһ㣬Щ²֡

˵㵱Լɢ
ûصһۡ

ɢ˰Ǳ軻˱µģЦǱҿŲ
û˵ӹĲ裬ָʶԷһ֡

ɢ΢΢üûȥ

ʵ𿪿ڣͻȻЩȻ
Ȼδ˵꣬ĳһ춯

Ǹо̫ԣκ̫ǿǾ쵽ˡ

ǽأ𿪿ڵ
ȥɢ˵

˵һͬȥ˽ء

УɢµĽƣ΢΢Ĺ⣬ǹ⿴Ųȣڱʲôײһ㡣

ħô£ͻȻʼˡɢɻ
û˵ߵħĵطһۡ

Ƭ̺󣬷˿˳˽ء

ΣҵĽƳ⣿ɢʵ
ĽƷô꣬ҪǳͳˡӦǽǳԵʡ

ɢһһʱû̫Ӧ
ŷǰȥʱ򣬱ЩԾ

ʱǳˣûϸ룬һħ״̬µо
ǳڵϴ̫ˣħϵܵ˽ǳӰ죬Щʧˡ𿪿ڵ

ɢ˻ȻҾЩˡ

ħϵǴӽǳ϶ģȻѾħħˣվڽǳĶǳڵϴ̫ãܵӰ죬ǵħ￪ʼ춯

ôȥֹħᱻӰ죬ǳҲ⡣ɢ˵ʱ䲻ˣǵþ춯ˡ

һۣڵδӦʲô
㻹б·𣿡ɢ˿ڵ

վҹɫУòſڵ˵İȡǣͲõķӡű׵ķӣֻдŽǳ뿪ݵ

ʹɢ˵
߿Խߣ뽫ߣ˭ҲסǱӻ㡣

ɢһЦڵܲܲ
ûҲ֪ȡǶԽǳ˵ΣաһƲסħأ

ȷʵѣûǻ˴ǰСȸڹпԹĹɢ˵Ѿ鰮ζҲԼ⣬Ǹ嶯ģǲʵ

Բ˲ǰһĻǳ˯ۡڹȥУǳѲǴǰĽǳˣǸ֮Ѿ̫ˡ

һǷꡣ
ĿһݣǱɱǸ塣

˵ɢʧЦɱʲôã
ĬΣϵʱʱ֣¶

ɢ֪ܾᣬҲìܡ
Ҳֳ֪̬ȣĵʵ뷨

Ӵ⡣Сȸ֪е࣬ߵһҲԼѡû˭ɢ˵˰ţôԸ⣬Ҳˡ

û˵γ֪Ѿˡ
ħ˽ǳʼ۰ｭǳȶʼ

ӸʱʼһоѾעˡ

Ϊܰѽǳڹýǳһͷ磬˵ЩٽǳԻúúõġ

Сȸ˳ͷɡ
̾˿κį

Ҳ֪δǺ£ȴǰøˡɢ˵
ǰûбԼͷǺܿ

ɢָһգڵ֪ģⲻһˣһСҲ.ζЩ翣ֵפ㣬ɲû塣

ҲǾá𿪿ڡ
ɢֵȥһԡ

ĿɢϣӢüۼ䣬żʧȻһĪ˼֣ŭҲ˴롣

ǳһ֮ɫոЩ
۶һĿżֵǡ

ۿڣǳ˯ʵأ
۽øǳͷųһͷĶ

ǲӦҰǳЩʧص
ֻˡۿڵ

ţӦúܿܳˡǳ˵ϴżڴʵ𣿡

ˡۿڵ
˱ӣһ߷һýǳ˳һҹëǳȴΪ˯̫ʲô֪

أжܳǳڵ
ܿˡۼǳĿ֪ǳŵ˳ʵʲô

ǳ룬ڵ֪ܸо𣿡
˵ǿȸۿڵ

ǳüһЦĵ˳ɻֻȸֻܲӰɣ
Ҳһ˵ֻӡ

ǳ룬ԺͷʱĪһ˿ڴ

ôãһֻҲ˵ǳ
۵״żЦ⿴ǳֻǳڿЦ㿪ڵʲôãϲС

ǳǿŵһۡ
۽Сպã̲סƳһ۽ǳɫ

ڼȷǳ״ȷʵԾ
Ҳ˵ɫ԰׵ع֣˯Ƣƺºࡣ

ǻ˴ǰǳôᣬ۱Ȼøˡ
ʱ˿̣ȴֻеģΪǳӿЩģûжľƵġ

磬ǳȥ˷
ѧˣܾ֮û뿪ͷ

Է˽⣬һգԷƢӦѾȥ˲١
Ȼͷûȶ˽ȥ

㻹֪ңǳɱͷһᣬЩˡ
ôǵһ뿪ôԶȻһھôԶĵطп

𡣡ǳ𹧹ʩ˸
תͷĿƳ԰˼ֵɫʱšüͷ

ڵ
ǳʵʵȥʾ֣ԹһָֻԷ

סǳ֣һ̽̾˿
Ȼҹϣħǵ춯ȷʵӰ쵽˽ǳ

Ȼһֿܣɢ˵ǰ㣬Ϊǳ۶˼ǣǣŻˡ֮.ĶȴǣǣΪǳǲȫһ.춯Σ

ҲǷһֱԸýǳ뿪ԭ

֪Щ壬ûһ˽ǳֻۣҪǳһֱȥ㲻˭˼һ½ǳֻǣĿ£ҲԻúܺá

ƫƫ·ðһۣ

ǳż̽ʵձ뿪Ըߣ
ȥĶǳʶʵ

ʳڣǳ㷴Ӧˡ
Ȼǻعǵļҡ

ҡǳĿ΢̲סתͷһķ
⣬Ǵء

ǳԼΪ۲ԥɣĵԼڵȶδǿŵǾôˣ²á

쵽ɣǷŲҿɱ
ûзŲ¡ǳæͬһȥҡҲˡ

Цһ۵ȴ⡣ȻСȸֻʣǸˣһ˵ԼҪɱ壬̱ʲôˡ

Ѿ׼鵹ƽ˲٣δǳѡǳôˣԻҪ׽Щȴ֪˵ʲô

Žǳ֣ͷųｭǳڲǡ
Ƭ̺Žǳڵ·ԼѡģҪҡ

𡣡ǳϴżֲԷһʱЩò׼˼
𵭵ڣ㻹ǵýͿһĸͬĵܵܡ

ǳһۿʱˡ
ԺٴǸ桭

һֻȸգзİǳ

СͿǳʵ
ΪͿסһСǱƻߵһ度𿪿ڵһֱ֪ģ屡壬ͲΪ顣ΪƫƫҪһ壿

ûСǳ뷴ȴ֪ôӺ˵
˵û壬Ҳ߷۲Ǳ֮

ߣȴ˵
Ƕһ㣬Ϣ

һѳסǳ󣬽˳ȥ
ǳͷײײ⡣

ͷڲԶţһĻ֮Ŀһ͡

һɳŽǳûзſǳץԼ
Щĵؿ˽ǳһۣĿ˷ϡ

һֻȭԦԺвɻҹԼɢ˵ĶԻ

ʱɢȰЭֻѾûб·ѡ
֪ǳǶ˼ģܲȴҲ޷

գƵĳɢʵô

ʱħĻǣǺλ߽״ӡסģҪ⿪ҲĴСѾûдƥУԵһ֮ѽ⿪Ƿӡɢ˵Сȸͱȴһԣǵ估㣬ȴҲ

ǵסħħ
ڴ֮ǰҪħɢ˵ͲصǱħӰ졣

ššüЩͷȻͬɢⷨӡ
ɢȴȰһΣǲɹٴҲ١

Ĭ˰Σʵǵħ
һһӵħСȸֻֽӵħʣµĽҡɢ˵ӵħ㶨ˣٸСȸġ

ֵμ
⡭ɢСȸһ٣ֻҪһۣ־Ȳˣħƾͳˡ

𣺡
û뵽ɢ׵ˣôһķЩӦ

ѽǳһ٣⵹Ǽ򵥡
䣬ǰĽǳԷۿЩ죬ãȻؿԼ

ĽǳԦȴҲͷŲ
Ҫǻ쵰ӵħΪʲôĥǳ

ˣȻ

ԶһĻɢ˲ü̾˿
֪˲˳ķӶ֡

ֱֻۣĿдżŶԷ
ۺ޾⣬̹ȻӣȻҲûŪͼ

ʱĿһͣϾ쵽һ˿
ǿ󣬶Ϣĸ֪ԶѰܱȡ

ʲô𿪿ʵ
һ̷ӦʵʲôЩȣû뵽ԼµĽ磬ܲŵĴڡ

ʶ˰벽ȴͱˣȻû׷Ź
ǳ״ʱŲѣǰ˷ǰ

𡣡ǳȻ
졣ǳĿֻۡ

ʲôһ飬Ѿ˼־ζ
ǳ˽ģ״֪üŭæڵһŵ

һ㶣ǳ˯лҵ顣
һŵǳڵҡһŵ

𣺡
ǳŵ۵ġ

ŽǳֿۣĿǸӡ
ܸоǳǳŵΪ˱ŵϧȻײԼ

ŷΪǳǵ˺ۣǳĵƺǿŵۣǽǳǿŵİΣֵúǵȻ

תԺвӿһͷ
ͷ̫ףͷһ¡

κ󣬷ͻȻϵһЦǳȻȥɣлͬ˵

ǳ죬Ȼǵġ
οģҳ㱣֤ᳯ֣Ҳκ顣

ǳ˿Ĳ˵˵㻰ġ
Ȼô˵ˣ벻Ϊۣѵһˡ

ǳֿһۣǲҼˡ

ǳ뿪󣬷ȥ˽ء
ħ춯Խʱʱȥײƣϧͽ޹

ǳֻˣϲ𿪿ڵӦʶİɣ
ۿŹѺħĶڣӦһ

Ȼ֪ͷŵħһֻȸ
ȸֽнͿ뽭ǳһĸֵͬܡ

ͿǱ屳ѣŻħϸҲӲ˸ϵ

ûȻʲô
ˣǰǳҲʧǡ𿪿ڵΪ壬ЩʧȥֻȸǣǱģ˱һֱء

ЩϲδǨŭ壬ȴδٹ

뽭ǳô׽ӦҲ˰ɣ𿪿ʵǳգԽˡ
ɫԱ˱䣬ʵΪʲô

ǱħĽͿˡ𿪿ڵ㽫ݵʹʣµǺͽͿǲ˸Ӧ뷨ӽǴħȡ鷳

ԻȻ򣬰ֲýǳ⼸ôԾ
ԭǵӰ죬ˣδ¡

ֻǽǳѱħȾ꣬ȡҲδáƳһۣڵһ߽״ĻΪƷǳϵħܱ֤ǳ

ššüڵҵĻƷ
ǵڣ㱾ӦˣǳδԸ⡣𿪿ڵȻУ㻳ǿŵԡ

һû뵽ľŵ⡣
ʮãȻĵôĴֶԵô

ǳһŵòУҲôŵ

֪Щڱ𱳺û˵ĻЦΪ˱סǳ࣬жԱԹ֣Ҳ֮вһΣɻѡô

ۿûվڷȷʵûʲô⡣

ֵձᣬһѡѡΪŵΣѡΪ⵰ˣ

һбİ취ۿڵ
͵ȥɣٵǳһգܶмӣҲֵˡص˵תߣ˿ûԥ

ۿıӰס𡣡
û㡣ͷҲصص

Գǳ˵ΪҪ۲һŵѣҪԿԳ˵α˴ۣѵΪԹң

û뵽۾ϵЦһĿ¶һĨΣյɫ

һߣɢ˾ƤֱвЩ
֪²أֻû뵽Էô·

֮ʱŭˡ

أɢ˿ʵ
ô£ͬ˵һŵɢ˿ڵ

ɢһЦӸģ
ǸģǱġƭһͨϵֱӽˡͷص

ɢˣ
군ֱˡ

ʲôɢȥĵ
ǵһףɢŵúͣˣȴֽסǿŵ

ȸĵǿŵɢʵҽΪʲôһſȸŵͷȻֻ߽״壬мֻ߽״ŵĻû˵ֻɢˣԼ͡

ɢüǸӡ

֪ʲô𣿡ʵ
ʲôɢʵ

ЦЦһһصͷ
𣿡ɢǿջЦǿ֣

Ц⣬۵״һŭ⣬㲻˵ǲǣá
˵бԦɫסҡҷۿҪǿŵˡ

ɢ˼˴𰸣οң
ûʵҲ²ͬ˵

ɢ˿𣬱ԷüĿ䣬˿ԼżãȻίδ뵽ڷϿɫЩƣ֪Էˡ

Сȸͱġɢ˵
ǿŵʮָӡ

ɢ裬ֵѹæڵʲôãȻѾ֪ǵĹϵʲôأҾܺã

ã𿪿ڣĿдżãȻ
Сȸи󣬲𣿡ɢ˵ˣʲôã

۵ŭֿ̧ⷭǿŵɢ˵ǽżˣһ֮½ǿŵˤˡ

Ȼŭ⼸ȴϨ˴롣
ЩȻ£ڵΪʲôҪű𣿽ǳңҲҡ

㿴ӣ˭Ҹ㣿ɢ˵㣬㷢𣿡
ʱˣ

ɢ˿ڵСȸԼҲ֪£⵺ϼң֪ԼҪˡûҪģ֪

˵˴̧ۿ𣬼Էɫ΢䣬ЩݣҲΪǡվǲģȰ

Ĭ˰Σڵܿ˲
Ȼ˵ġɢ˵ŵΪӡ

˿Ŀǿŵϣɺìܡ
ŵͨѩף뽭ǳвɶŵЩ׽֮С

־ԼΪ˵ӣһֱϳ𡣡ɢ˵
һɫʵǻ쵰Ҳ֪£

Ȼɢ˵

ɫʱÿ˲١
ֻ֪ǻ쵰֪¡

ͷǸʲô侲֮󣬿ĵʵ
ɢ˱סˣڵ²¡

룬ڵ˴񣬲ǿȸֻ˰ɣ

ɢˣ
ڣɣ

Ҫ˵Ͽֻһˡ




44.  ֧   ȶٴθˡ

ɢ˿ŷ, Ŀʮָӡ

ĿǿŵƵɢϣƬ̡󣬷۵ױ㽥˼Ц⣬Ц̫ѵ, ɢ˿òɻ

Ц𿪿ڵ
Ȼ֪ͷǷ, Ҳǿȸ

Ȼ޷϶ͷʲô, , жϳͷĶ, ˵Ǵ塣Ǹо˵, ·ϢγһҲֱ治

õŵʱ, Ѿоˡ
ҲǸʱбԼµŵ

ںͷɢǷ, Ϊ˷йŭˡ
ŭ˴룬Ц˼ˡ

ҵǲ֪㻹ῪЦɢһĸɫڵԹʼշֱ治ͷʲôʵϲֹǳ۶ûֱ⵰Ķʲô

ñֻӡɫ˼֣֪뵽ʲô
, ֻҪͷֻӣһоͺ˵

һ򲽽ֻӣҲֻɫı, žҪˡ

ɢ˼һֱǿŵԱǰ࣬ƺǽŵĴڣ㿪ڵΪһŵ, ֳôճ

ôճֿڵôճ

бڰϣǿŵ棬˵⻰ʱ̹Ȼƶļǡô·ʲôǰ˲ֵһС¡

ɢһ⸱ӣеͷۡ
̫˽ˣº·ȫƾԼˡ

ԭΪֱЩ꣬ת뵽ǰʱȰˣʼ衱ˣһΪԼΪɡ

㵹һҿɢ˵
ǿŵ̧һӣǰһĻ

ĻǽصĻ档
У۸ոתѣ鿴ãȻ

㶯ִˣɢ˿ϱ˵ĺۼʵ
üڵûסѵһ¡

ɢˣ
һﶼǸˣΪʲôôСӣ

붼֪ȴȷʵû㶯֣Ū֮õǿŵ쵽ǵͷǱѰԼµǵ̲סֽ۸ѵˡ

ͷܿʶʲô
һȦǿŵʧˡ

ɫЩţȻǵýǳܿŵ֪һˣȻûǳɷ𲻽£ֱӽŪˣͷʤ

ԭ˼Ƭ̣ƺҪΪʲôϧʹˡֶνŪΣֻΪǿŵûȻֻܹΪǿ˳ۣԶʲô֡

ɵûˣôǳ
ɻǵýǳжǿŵնŵ

һĪչ֮ʣǳˡ
ǳȥ֮󣬵ǷĲ£ּ۳ٳٲ˹

û뵽ԶԶ㿴һǱ˺һǱ˺µġ

˵˲㶯𣿡ǳȵ
û¡ֻŵĵ䣬û⵽Լϵˣǳž쵽

ǳְֱ۵һ˿ϣԦΪˡ
Щŵؿǳת˼γǳ𵰵顣

Է˽⣬Էôֶνߣǲ׻ġЩģ᲻ŵҪЮǳ뿪

ǷҪ󣬽ǳλش
еûȻ̫ϣýǳӦǸǿŵġ

أǳʵ
һŽǳû

ǳڣ´һ£û
ƵǸڴǿյġ

أǳȾ˼ֽһ顣
šüͷ۵һ˿ɳĬš

ǳ״µʲôɫһȥ

˵ۡǳ
ˡۿڵ

ǳֱϵ뿪ֻЩָϵ⡣
ȥץ֣ȴûҶ֪ǳӦúܲá

ǳſڡ
Ӧһᱣġǳŭ

֪۾ʲôȻҲ뵽𾹻ֱӽ˴ߵֻĵǣ˵Ⱦŭ⡣

ǳٴοڡ
ǳȴˣתŷס첽ȥ

Ļ⣬ɢ˿һĻԵЩġ
ȴͷ۲ĵʱʱڶһƶԵһ㡣

㻹˼أɢ˿ڵ
ʲôͷҲ̧صⲻҪ𣿡

ɢЩΣԭƻĸͲģֻ㼤ӵħ㵹ãҪȥŵҿӵ£㽫Сȸħˡ

ǵҲş̌ۿһ۹ĻĻеĽǳ˫Ŀͨ죬Ȼżˡ۸ڽǳ󣬻˵һ䣬һġ

Ƭ̺ͷͨ
ǳˡ

ҵҪôճɢ˵ǱûˣԱŸ첲һԿϷ

ĵڵպã˿
˵뿪ֱӳȥˡ

ͷǳϴϷĿǿ
䲻֪ΪʲôҪǿŵֱƺѾ֪ࡣ

һͷǳкǲȴûȥŵ

𡭡ǳڵ
΢΢һ̧֣˽ǳǿŵֻӣѡһ

ǳ
ãȻͷһֿۣǱ·ʣѡһʲô

ѡһߣʣµһὫιֻħ𿪿ڵ
ǳһĿʱ¶˼־ȣû뵽𾹻ᳯ˵Ҫ

˼ǣѡһһ
һԵҲšüͷζضŷƺ֪˾ٵ⡣

ѡŽǳڣǲ๵ѹ
ǳŷΪţЩ١

һ̣ȷȷʵ֪ǿŵ
֪ԲŻǨŭۺǿŵ

ǳѡʧȥǿŵҲ
ŷСǰҪ顣

ȻҪ߽ʱԷȴԦŽǳһǳ⧲˵Уֱֱ˳ȥ۷Ծ𣬽ס˽ǳǳ̲סǺһѪ

ǳԼɫմŵѪĿЩãȻ
Ȼûϵ֣ڷô꣬ԷûԼ֣ΪһŵԷȴִɼһηĶŭ

һΣǲѡ䣬ԦĿϡ

ǳ˳ŶԷĿ⿴ۣ˿ҲĿвûп־ȶŽǳʱ·ֻ뿴̽ǳѡ񣬷·ǳôѡƵġ

ڷ׼ͳ֮ʣǳͻȻڵѡ

һĿӿһĪ
俴κЦһڵ֪ˣǿŵѾιħˡ

˻һǳ׻һ㣬
ȴδͣתߡ

ǳŵǰҪסѯʣȴٴηӿˡ
۱סǳǳסʧȥ֧һ㣬̱ȥ

ǳ𲱾﷢һ͵͵ʣͨ˫ĿɿŷıӰ

ڣɢ˿һĻ̲ס̾˿
ͷķ𣬽֮һԲ˫ĿҲЩ졣

𣿡ʵ
ʲôɢ˲

ĻĽǳĿڽǳϵѪϣüͷ΢΢šš

ʹ˰ǲ˵飿Ѫˣ

ɢŷھԼŴǳһزء
ЩЦãĵĹؼǴز

֪ĵ㻹ƭ˵ûˡɢ˵
ģôܼǱӵħȻܱȵһҪðɣ

ɢˣ
˾ȻƭСȸ˵ûˣȴһҪã

⣬ǿȥˣǿŵҲЩꡣ
ɢ˵ҳģܵ㲻ˡ

ûģٵȵҪƿˡ

ɢ̾˿һΡ
ĻеĽǳۣЩҲ֪᲻Ūɳ׾

ĻС
ɱŽǳû֡

ǳɫ԰׵ĿдһĨδйĴС
ֱһ֮ǰǳûʶǿŵ˵ôҪ

ǰһֱ˵ԼŵֻΪ棬˳һԼĺģʲôŵ֪𽫵˵һ̣ǳȴ·𱻻ٵĲһŵһ֡

ǰǱһֻ֡һֱûʶѡ
ǳʧأϵܿƵк

ǳ۱οҪ
ǳۣΪʲôҪôҲס

۾쵽ǳЩԾȴֲ֪Եɣֻܲͼοǳ
ȻԽǰοǳԽܿƣͳС˸綼ˡ

ǰֻɫǵԶԶš

ֻһŵѣͷ˵ܼ񵽣ϲۿڰο
ǳĿһʲôֻ֪һŵǡ

ۿŽǳǳһصҵģҵġ
šüͷĿһ˿ɣȻǳʱ˵Ļ

ʱʽǳǿŵĶģǳ˵ġ
۵ʱֻǳ˵˷軰ΪҲ뵽ǳһֻ񾹻

һ̣žĽǳǳ˵ǿŵģ۷·˲ʲôŵؿǳʵ˵ģʲô˼

ǳѹ˲ʲôӲӵˡ
ͨ˫Ŀۣһһٵصҵģĵ

ס˺ðΣһƬհס
һ˲䣬Ժзӿ䡭

ƽʱǳ춯

һδʱܵϤİϢ

ݵ֮󣬽ǳûɷǼͨƢǸʱǳӦþ֪࣬ԲŻǨŭ

ٺڽУǳڵȻҵ춯۵ýǳʹȥҲһգ⣬ͷԼæǳڵ

һձǽǳŵʱ
ٺǳŵ

ǰϸ׮׮з·𶼲˿ԽԽðգԽǳӻ£յΪԼ˴Ĵ⡣

ȻֻСӣͽǳΪʲôܣ
Խǳӣֻһżĵôܻ˰⡭

ԽԽ𣬼Ҫûˡ
Ҫǣŵ϶ġ

ǳۿŽǳ
ǳѾ侲Щֻ˫Ŀĺûȥ

һϮɫմѪԵЩĿ
һſҲĵ԰ףһִС

һ㡭ǰ㡣ۿŽǳ۾ڵǳһһ
˵Ѿιħǳʵ

ĨȥǳմŵᣬԼ˲ǳմѪǣڵħｫˣұ㽫ħͳҵõ˵ձ㳯رȥ

ǳ۵ıӰڻָЩǡ
˵ιħ⻰м漸ּ٣

ΣҪȥȷɣ

һߡ
ɢ˿ŹĻĻǽеĻ档

Уһ֮ϳײŷӡħĽơ
ǽУħʱ㽫۰С

Ȼǽȴʮι̣Ȼܳײġ

Ƿ𣿡ɢ˿ڵ
ŹĻеĻ棬ü۵ȾżЦ⡣

ɢתͷĿż졣
Ƭ̺·ʲôתͷ˹Ļеۡ

۴˿ѾħȾ˫ĿҲֳ֮ɫ

ħһ᲻ײƽƣɢЩǵص
ãͷǶһˣʡöֽš𿪿ڵ

ɢ֪˵㲻磬ֻЩĵؿŹĻеۡ

ô𣿲µ⣿ɢ˿ڵ
δǲµҵ⣬Ҳˡ

𳯽ǳʱֻʹ˰ɵ̫顣ǳδ⣬ȴټϷǿŵʲôʣھͱŽǳѡٶ̫ˡ

ǳУȻ벻ô࣬ȴ뵽˷ǰڽг˵Ļ˵ҪҸ߽״ĻƷǳħȾǡ

۲²֪ǿŵ󣬸⡣뼤ԼĻƷһǿŵ԰Ȼ

ϾڷǿŵôǽǳѪ
۲ǿп޵һֻ塭

Ȼˣ۵Ҳں˷⡣
ܾ˽ǳҲܱסǿŵ

СˡŹĻе۵
û뵽Լкߵļ仰Ҳ۵档

Ȼ˵㣬Ҳġ
𵭵һЦﵹûôˡ

С
۱ħӰ죬ʶ˻֮С

ۣǳһסֱۣڵ뿪
ۿǰĽǳһʱЩֱ治˿̵Ľǳǲʵġ

ңпȸİ
꽭ǳҪȥȱŵһֻȸȴ˵ڵء

Ȳѹ꽭ǳϣڵûõġ
ſңۣ꽭ǳŭȻɱ㣡

߿ȸİ꽭ǳ˫Ŀͨ죬ͷųҪۡκ۵꽭ǳĸߣ꽭ǳʼ޷ѡ

ۣΪ屳ҡ꽭ǳ
ûСûб㡣

Уǳѹ£ŭ쵰ſңѡ
ǳڻ޷ѣֻ૳ǳûС

ǳһ߶ԿħϮһ߻ҪӦħۣ潹ͷöûϻһ˿ڣҪۡ

ȴһסУƱиѪ졣
ɱһ𣿡˫ĿͨӸ¿ŽǳڵΪʲôʼղңΪ𣿡

쵰ѣǳ̧ۣȴ۶סϥǣס֫á

ǳּգƫƫԼ۵Ķ֡
еԼçײظ۽ˡ

ôȥֻûѣԼҲҪݽȥˡ
ʱħɱһǿɾ鷳ˡ

ˣǳ˲Զˮ̶
ǵòǰ۱ͨˮ̶ʱħӰ졣

۽Ƶģǳû
ǳתһᣬͷ۴ϡ

һȻסˡ
ǳ§͵һ˫˫һԵ̶֮С

Ȼˮۻָ˶ݵǡ
ǳϴݱܹǴǳ̲

𣿡ǳ̲֮󣬽ǳŭ
ۿŽǳżڵΪʲôң

ͬ˵Լšǳ
϶ҹʱƬΣ֪Լ˵ǿŵԼģֻûŶѡ

ɿŽǳֵŲŶ˵𣿡
Ҳͬ˵Щǳۿһ죬ڵ𷢷ˣȳȥ

ģûлٵǿŵٵֻҡЦһԭѡҲǿŵɣˣѡˡ

ǳԲЩգŭۡ
̧ۿۣĿħȻδָǡ

֪Ϊʲôһħ۵Ӱ죬һθ
¸ոմˮûһ۵ǾٴαӰˡ

ǳҲ˲ϺͱħӰԱ˸߹ޣҨ˰̶ˮͷõϣ԰ۻָһЩǡ

ۣ

Ƭ̣ššüͷͻȻסǳ󣬰ѽǳѹ˶ϡ
ǳ۵۾￴һ˿δİĿ⣬ĿЩΣա

ۿڣżζǰ˴գڽǳߣ֪֪ɴȥ͵ҸյĵطţֻԶҲҲ㡣

ǳ
Ȼ֪ǱħӰˣоЩ֡

㲻𣿡ЦһֵǶﲻȥҲûʲô岻ˣֻҺ㡣

ǳ˶šüŪˣۡ
㲻ǲ𣿡һǳ°ͣڵ׽ʱǡ

ۣǳٷҲˡ
Ŷ˫մȾħ۾ŽǳôҪ

ڽǳߣ˵˾ʲô
ǳʱǺ޲ýͷҧ

һߡ
ɢ˴ӹĻƿߣ˷

ɫŲÿȻһħȾ֮ĳЩضĶʱܻʲô˵顣

ҪҪڳ֣ɢʵ
ûӦֻǶ֪ڻõʱ

쵰Ǹ۸ǳ󣬱𿪿ڵ
ɢʧЦСȸԸԸӦ

Ǳơ
ɢ͵͵ƳһֵۣҪˣҰ㶢ţ

Ƴһ۹ĻĻҲָ֪ڽǳ˵˾ʲô˻ǵýǳһ⣬ӶһƬ

һǿŵˡ
ɢ˿ıӰ̲סʧЦȻһ̣ŹĻеĻ棬סˡ

Сȸ⸱ӣƺǡȶٴθˣ

еĽǳȻԼҲʶ⡣
ۣ΢΢ʪдЩ

ǲڴ˿̵УȴʮĹƻζ
ǳ̾͸о۵ĺˡ




45.  ֧   пٴΡ

ǳϵȶѾ, ̫Ϥָоˡ

ȶһǿҵĿ.ͻˮһӿһᡣظоԼǱ.һȡḶ́˺ͻòܿ, ʱԲԼ, Ҳ˵ʱԲ˵Ļ

ʵ, ǳԼȶӡ

ǰεľ֮, Щ׼, Ȼһȶʱ̫, ǡøʱ򣬲۱ħմȾ, ǻһͬط

֪ȶڷ˵ʲôҲ۶㵽
תһ, ǲ㵽Ҫħⶾ

˳˼·ǳֲ뵽ûи۽أҲζȶͷʱӣ۰ⶾӱ𿴵, ǸףǳѹǸ档

ˣǳңҿ˽š

ú졣ĿƵضŽǳ, ڽǳߵ
ǳ.еʱ˵ʱϢߣ㽫ǵ.Ѫӿ

ôˣҲ˽ǳֻǳȶԽԽ, ķӦҲʼεסϾⷽľͽǳһġ

ǳۣʶһ¡
Ⱦħ̫֮ˣǳ֪Էᳯʲô

һ۱ħӰȻҲЩڿɿصķΧ֮ڡһβ֪ʲôԭȻʶһѣȴΪħӰ죬˺ܴı仯

ǳжӵһƺŴ࣬ЩİۿʱĿ͸һĨΣյӣ޿ʱı֣ýǳԶЩη塣

ڣ۷˽ǳĶ֮۵ױӿһ˿ζЦ⡣
˿ЩǰĽǳȷ˽ǳЩӦԭ

ʶǳȶˡ
һȻЩ.۵ΪħӰֳĨаɼ˼֡

Ҽǵڹ㱻ħħϮȶʱҲ㣬Ϣң۵ǿ.¶ڴҶЩʲôĿ޼ɵڽǳѲһֿΪ֮ǳ֪ǹڡ䡱óûħĥòԵӡ

Ų֪ɣ֪ʱȻǵģﾹһĸˡʧЦ˵ûȷʵӣҾΪ׽㣬Ϊеˡ

ǳŬźԼô
ڳ۵ֻһĶıԡۣѡ

֪ҵıԣǰһȴûǳֻǴյߣ۾ڽǳᣬڵ֪Ф㣬жЩ飬ֻͲô˵ˡ

ǳȻʱ΢΢һЩֵ졣

ֵһ֪˷ֻܾ㡣ңҲ޷ıʵֻң壬ܰϵȶ

˵ָڽǳỮһ¡
ƤĴбȶŴǳֻôһб㲻ǿҵĿ.ϣܺ۸׽һЩ

ɽǳֹˣǰÿһνⶾȻǹҪŪѾˣȴһֱֻŽǳڳ.

һħɣ۾һڵһħǾħ壬ʱҲʲôˣ֮Ҳù˼֮ˡ

ˣۡǳ
ţѾܿơ

ô˲䣬ǳƲסԼҪۻ˹ȥˡ
ͼǿټϵ۳Լ裬ſס

һͬħ˾Ҳҽڷֿˡ˵龹Щһסǳ󣬿ڵԣ룬ħʲôأ

ǳ
ʱҪȶĥˣ쵰Ÿôһħ

һߡ
ɢ˿ŹĻеһĻššüͷ

ǳΪʲôôѣѵȶԵʣ˿ûбħӰ죿ɢ˿ڵ
Ҳпħϳ˽ǳڰĴϴ˿ϣһֳԴһʶǿŵ

ɢԭЩģ½ǳ۵ħһͬЩ鷳ǳ˿ûбħմȾļ˿

ǱӾСȸħ⵹ǳҵˡɢ˿ڵ
ķĬ˰Σ󿪿ڵô꣬ȫ֪岻죬ͷﾹ쵰һ˿ԹֶûС

Ӳ¡ɢתͷһֵӰֵҲ֪˭

ͬʱǳ̲
۶ŽǳһڵħǷˡ

ǳһ̧ͷۡ
֪ʵһֱϲҵģֻΪ·ˣԲҳϡЦһֵԼûأ˵ִ˲ƣ

ûꣿǳŭĿڵ

ǳȶܵҪըһڶϼվסʱڵصĿܡҲ֪ö˼˵Щеûġ

ֻߣ۸Ƕãֻѵлᡰ͡ĽǳҪǿͷļ¶װ£ҲԸʧȥŪĻᡣ

ǳһȷϣȷʵܶӡ

ǳỽһǳ֣ڽǳߺҰ㡣
ǳ˫Լˮ⣬÷ڵĻȴɴẈ̂㣬ֱɱס

Цһ۵ǳ磬ǳڵÿζôӲ˶ͻЭġһ˵ŻһָڽǳֱĦһ¡

ǳ̲ס̾һٵĺм˿ǻ
ǳһ۵ħȻǿǱȽǳһסˡ

һ̣ǳܸܵΣգҪܿۡ
ȻǶڣ޿ɱܡ

۾ôǳڼӲĶϣһס˽ǳ

ǳǵúѣű˴˵ѪζҲΪӲʯڣѳѪѵôķУһİͼ¶

ʵϣϣǳʼնǱġǰδйľ飬۵ÿһ׽Ϊ磽ȶѹûлϸζµ

ΪԴ´̫࿹ܣºѾΪȤˣҲδŤתԴµ̬ȡҲΪԵʣȻȥ̽Լⷽϲûڴ룬Ҳλõ⣬һŲ֪

ۣȴᵽ֮ǰȫͬĸܡ




ǳһȶʱڵʣֹһΡ

ǰۣ󲿷ʱֻ϶ŪǳһΪƵġ۸ǳ˽ǳ⣬ǻһֱչŽǳĸܣýǳ⡣

һʧˣֹϵʧأΪҲܷ

ƿŽǳĽ࣬;ýǳԼŽǳһһε
ǳӣȻǲԸģкܶ෨ĥǳǳ󼸺Ѿʧȥǣֻ۰ڲ

Ҳһεľýǳˣȥ۵жǨ

һУЩ
価ŲԼȥɵ׻ǷĲ½ǳ

֪ħƵۣ᲻˺ǳ飬Բҷβܡ
Ƿ㲻ֹһĿЩо

쵰ӣһҪúýѵΪΪۣŭ죬Ժ⡣

ɢʧЦҿ֮󣬾Сȸ˵ͦϲġǼСȸҪǿˣһ񡣽ô꣬Ҳ֪ȻҪǿȴϲˡ

Ҫǿ֮˴¿ɷΪ֣һϲ˵ģһϲǿɢ˿ǳȻǵһ֣ΪǿϲЩĵؽ磬˵罫һС˸顣

ɽǳأΪֹΨһմȾֻһǿۡ

֪ˣƳһۣ
ԹСȸűӵƽﶼһˡɢ˵

ûصȶˣȻһ
ɢһЦڵʱǡ

Ȼܳǳ⣬ýǳ֪Լɢڱ͵۽ⶾԽǳǱƤܵ

û¶϶ǿʲôɢ˵
ѧӻͦġɢЦҿģԼ뿴ģСȸΣգô񷴵ˣ

ԶʱЩƣԲ˵ˡ
һ磬ɢܸоŭȷŸʢһЩ

ɢüһЦߵͷ
ʲôͻȻ

ɢ˵¡
ѧǻ쵰ӵ˵žͷ

ɢԵЦһڷߵһʲôǵ÷һ䡣
£Ƭ̺˷ǡ

ģⶾηˣƻиһղܽ⡣ɢ˿ڵ
ǳһҪ潭ǳѵǻ쵰ֵ

á㡣ɢ˵һ䡣
ѹŵֵ

һ䣬ǿŵ㱻һסŽ˲Զݱ֯ĳС
漴᣺û˽̸ֻ֮ʣ½.ĺͳ

ʱһζ
ǳȶƽʱѾ֮ˡ

ǳʱ򣬻۴ӱţֻԶһ£סֱ۾ͱøһЩ

֡ǳ
ַˡЦһڵʱǰɲ⸱ӡ

۲ỹãһὭǳ
齭ǳҶԲƽϣ䲻εķ񣬿ΨһΪŭ

ǳȶշʱδüôࡣ
˵ڶգȻһֵܼ顣

ǳ뵽ǿŵʶ۵ÿһ׽пٴλһŵ

ǽǳҪ۹ؼʱ̡档
䣬۱ߵ˵δҲ̫ЩÿһζĻ⼸յĹ㶼Ϊһѵˡ

ǳùǺԦѵһĿħȻӿýǳһ󼸺ʹȥ

֮󣬽ǳ㲻ˣһֱŴһԲ۶Ū˵ĹʱÿƣȴôӡôֻǵýǳӦ֮

ǳϵȶѾƽˣԽԽ
ƫƫһ취ûУ

ôۿʵ
ǳƫͷȥĬ

Ҳգڵ˵һֱãҲǱءʱͶţҿԽǶǲϲҲ޷

Լôǳڵ
ԭЦЦڵԣҲġ

˵շſ˽ǳ̯֣ڳһξʩΪӡϧǳȫȻûȤֻ뾡뿪˴ͷ˷۴ڴ˴

ˣǳƳһۣڵ۾
۵һ˿аԱ۾

ǳ״һһԵ̶С
ʱӦ˹ŽǳԾˮС

Ļһߣɢ˺ͷͬʱһźߵķȥ

ͬʱˮŷŬҪ׷Ͻǳ
Ȼһˮʱǳѵģȴǣһ·硣

ֻ屻ĺˮУһʱʹͷȿֺӿԺţ۱ʧȥ˽ǳټֻΧһƬ硣

һ̣ħҪû
ϤϢȻϮͳħ˺С

ĺˮǺڣʶЩɢ

ǰһĻԺٴθ֣
ȸİͳƵĺۿҪȴ

ʧǣΣڵϦὫߡ۶𣺡ļǱ˰ӣԲǵ÷ŷһУгһգʧȥ»صڡ

۲סҪֹһУȴš

ֻʣǣҪסҪĹ֮ᱻңʱΣϲУ롭

度ˣֻẦ
ۣһöҪټ

䲻Ϯħ磬ȫסˡ

ȻԨǰһ̣һֻȻ֣ס۵֡ãȻȥˮпǸһϮɫϤӰ

Էڼʱǰÿˣ˵ҪǧС
һ̣ȴһƬУס֡

ħʣֿסǳ󣬽ԷԼ
ˮഥ˲䣬۱ס˽ǳ

ǳüͷһš۸ˮ棬һϣ۵˰ߵķ۱ǳˮһɣֱֱ˰ߣײһ齸ʯϡ

ǳûڿնӹϿյʱϽһţЩֲȽˮ

Ǳϰ˼ˮ
̧ͷٴοǳʱ򣬱ǳһؿһ³ɺһļơ

ۣ





46.  ֧   Զվڡ

۴Ӻ֮, ۵׵ħ˴롣
ħȾߵǣҲʱһعˡ

תʶԼһЩˡ

˽⽭ǳ֪ǳɻʲô, ⼸ռҹĹ, ħӰͽǳڵȶ, ˵ǰѽǳɻͨͨ˸顣

۴δ, ԼĵӾдʱ

ǳǱ, æĿڵ, ҽ͡
ǳŭĿûС

ҲǹҪ۸㡭ǰ, ȴǳɳе˾뽭ǳԶĵطҲ֪, ħ̫ʢǱħӰ˲Żᡣ

ǳЦһڵħŴеͷȴƾûе˼֮Ի˵ﱾʹЩ˼

죬Щ֪η

ǳ˵û, ˻ùССֻЩͷƽص̫ã󲿷˶ǿƵסһմȾħ, ЩССͷͻᱻ޷Ŵ󣬳ܿƵķΧ

Զ㣬ݹҲǳ˵УתҪߡ
ۿıӰ, ۵ԭѾȥħȥ

üһĨаЦ⣬ͻȻǳʵأ

ʲôǳתͷĿдżɻ
Щ˼أ۵һ˿Ц⣬ʵѵû⼸ձħմȾ㣬ôң

ǳһԺһЩʱ˵Ļ档
ڵļ϶ǳûôۡ

ϸ˵ǳҪ飬ֻδػõȥ
ͷһǳЩѿ

˭ҪֱԼĵĽ䣬Ҫ顣

ˡЦ

ǳ̧ۿۣ۵׵ħ֣֪ԷȻ˽أħȴδȫɢȥɲڡ

ۣϻΪ֮ǳûתˡ
ۿıӰ۵׵ħȴٳûгɢȥ

κһǿҵѹ
̧ͷ

嶼ηǿϴ󲿷ֵ֮󣬶ʶη֮ġȴ˿ûбѹӰ죬۵׵ħʢ˼֡

㲻ҪҵĻΪʲôȡۿʵ
һֱ÷ǿŵľٶΪ˱׳Լꡣ

ЦһѹҲóͣԦְ۶ͷϡ
һʶҪκη̫߳࣬ûеֿأֻɶԷʩΪ

һ̣۲ʶνѵˣڣ

㡭ʲôʵ
ɲڣͼ۵ħħգʱʹޱȣз˵ͺ

Ȼ䲻ǿħȴûκζҡļ

ɢˣ״æǰְ̧ڷϣҪһڵħƬͽ޹۳ܲסħľ޴˺˹ȥ

ͣ֡ɢȻ漴Ҳ
˿ŻԵۣһۣ鶼Ϊӡ

ڽشôãΪʱóˣû뵽ǲСɢ˿ڵ
ššüڵΪʲôǲУ

ħǽǳ뵱йϵɢ˵

꽭ǳħǣΪ˱ǳò˹󣬴Ӵ⳾ϵֻû뵽»ħӡ

ħǳߵǶǲζֻȰｭǳǣħܳױɢ˿ڵ

һڵ㿪ʲôЦ⿪ħǵķӡҪ쵰ħδħûԼǣȡؽǳǣ

ҲΪǲŲòȰۺͽǳħ

ɢעŷΣڵȻȥɣ˽ͻȥ
Ŀ΢ƺɢĿʶʲôû

ɢ˱Ըϵ꽫Եͻס

ɢ˻ȥ󣬷Ժг
ջ˼

ۣ˵СȸļǱ˰̡ɢ˿ڵСȸԼαͿǣҲ˽Ϳûļͣ˱ֹȥȽͿһ̣뵱ȻΪͿˣѽͿ۵ͷϡ

ЦһڵˣҲδֹǻ쵰ӡ
⻹Ҫ𣿡ɢ˵½ͿˣֹرӺ£СȸǲˣһҶСȸҲ֪ġ

ֻǳΪͿǸʱˣ
ΪǨŭ塭

ȻҪǣһеν࣬Ƿġ

Ҫ˵ĲЩɢ˿ڵСȸļ䣬Ǳߵ𣿡
ЦһڵȻѾ֪ˣֺα̽ң

Ҳ̽㣬ֻ֪ࡣɢ˵˾ʲôԶվһߵġЩΪˣֻΪ㡣

Ϊ֪⽭ǳɢ˲Żȥｭǳ
۵һ˿ɫ󿪿ڵ꽭ǳףǼĹȣʣǺǲȡͿǵʱ򣬻Ⱦħħͦȥ

ΪħͿǵǶμӡˡɢ˵
ڵʱĽǳ˵ͿˣҿԽͷϣɽͿħǴȴԸӵġ

ҲǿħֻȡħȾİ껹Ƕμ䣬ҵķ޲ʣµĻǡҵǿҲ޷ԭĻǣֻҪǣ֮ҵ޲ὥʧȥá

һǳɻΣա

Էɴཫǳ˹ǳͲǣȻҲǰȫˡýǳúûţʲôҪ

ԡɢ˿𣬿ڵҪ볹װﱪħδҪȰСȸȡǣֻҪļ仹ȥ˵ӵħɽˡ

СȸǰĶɢʵ
һֱҲŹ𿪿ڵ

룬ôҶ๡ɢ˵

֪ж⽭ǳһǳļָ֪ЩһֱԼʱ˭Ҳû֤ǳ᲻ԷĴ١

ûΪɡ

ڽպǻˡ
ֻűϵ̧ġ

С˸ǼۻԲѣЩģȴֲ֪ȥ˭
һĽǳɫС˸綼ûҴȥ

ʹƺħС˸翪ڵڽմȾϵİɣ
ڽдôãҲ֪ʲôڵ

Ƭ̣ͻȻС˸ʵ㻹ǵýһȾȶʲôʱ𣿡
С˸šüͷ˼Ƭ̣һȵѽǰǽȶӣѵǡ

С˸˵ſһۻԲѵۣڵʹǳŲסǽˣǲ԰ǱͲǵóԸı顣

ǽ·ʹˣԷһὫ˲ܵġˣС˸ζü૵ǰ˳ɾʹ̫ˣ

˵̾˿ǲǸ뷨Ӱʹ˲
Է׺ͷݶˣô飬ĶҲδعá

С˸ţֿʼΪǼҽˡ

С˸ǺҲ²ĵڣǳȥһ˷
֪Է뻹ûȴҲòӲͷƤȥԷ

ĵ䲻ء
ڽг˵û˺ǿŵǳ֪⻰Ǽ٣ȻҪŪ

һΣûн֮⡣

ǳȥʱ򣬱бڰ齱ߣ鿴Ųչ
ǳҴ⣬㳯Է˸񣬶ؾشڶԷǰ

ʲôκ󣬷ſʵ
Ҵˡǳڵ𷣡

̧ۿʵĶˣ
ڲ뿪󣬲մȾáһŵǳڵ

ԲһЦЦŽǳ׵ζ
ȶⲻˡ𿪿ڵ

ǳһò׼Է˼ûд𻰡
ֵˣ˵棬ǻ쵰

ǳЩȣ˷δ飬ΪͻȻ˵ҪԷĻ

һ˹汾һ°ɡ𿪿ڵ
ǳæӦʲô£

һ𿪿ڵƽķ㣬ʱõǶֱ֮ӽƿǡ

ǳ֪ͷʲô̬֣أµͷӦǺҪĶʵõ֮󣬴ݵ𣿡

šӦһ
ǳֳ˸ŹشʱҲˡ

ǳйǿŵ볯ѯһһֱԭûжֻһķһʱҲҿѯʣ˶ԷŭŪɳ׾

ߣü
𡭡ǳսЩڵǡǿš

⣬վ㡣µҪʲôڵҷڵϰɣ㽫˻Ȼ

ǳȻ˿˼ǿŵ񻹰Ȼ
ûƭû˺ǿŵ

ˣǳ㰲˲١
ֻҪ𲻴˺ǿŵʱķֱҲں

ʵǳ໰볯˵ģԶԷʱЩ֪ôӺ˵ֻĬ˰Σ˳ȥգǳԺãȴûٹȥ

ϲ˵ʲôȴһֱڴڿŽǳֱǳ뿪

ǳõķԸ֮󣬲δයձ뿪ݵ
ֱ뿪ģʱľ飬ֱӷɵ½ӦҲ

ɢȴ˵ݵΧ磬Ը˸׼˴ټѾõС˸綼ҪͬУǳɢ˵İ˴

˴֮С˸һֱڽǳߡ
ǳأڲ⿴ź棬һ仰Ҳ˵

ǲڵʹˣС˸ʵ
Ǹ쵰ǳ

С˸Ծ쵽ǳɲãʵʵϣ֨
ʱżСǳк

ǳŤͷСӣһɱ뵽Լǿŵ
ӣǿŵѾֿüˣԼӹ󣬶Է᲻ʶԼˡ

ܱǿŵġС˸ӽǳĿУµ˼οȥɢ˵סǿŵأһǺϲӡ

ǳһû뵽С˸Ҳ֪˵ģЩΡǳȴԣֻڵôϲ

ģûƭ㡣С˸ǿŵǽģȻòˡ
ǳŽɵؿһۣ۵⡣

С˸ֻţæûƭ㣬ں޲ÿ촧ǿŵͲԼˡҲϡ棬ҿǼƣ˵Լء

ǳššüС˸磬ƺû뵽Էô󣬾˵֡治Ļ
С˸ȴ֪⳯ǳ㻹֪ɣɢˡٺ١˵Ŷ˶βֻͣһȻһ˵ơ

˵ʲôأǳ
ġС˸ںߣСĿˡɢ𡣡

ǳ
С˸ǻˣ鶼ұš

ܺ죬ٺ˵Сëǳ
С˸æЩóסԼԴѾ˵ë

ͺôãò׳ãɲͺˡ

ǳû˼˵ЩеûģᲽ˴ա
ȻԼס֮סˣֻΨһϣһֻԲѵĺɫԱ

ǳ
û˸쵰Ҳڴϰ

ݵ
ںߣԶĺĬ

ɢ󣬿ڵû뵽ñ
ֲ𿪿ڵܵҸţҲܷġ

ǳλصֻҪеĽ磬ǰصǳڡʱǳǰʧȥǶμ䣬ͻ᳹׻ָ

һ̣ȻܸŽǳ
ɽǳȻҲǲĵġ

ǰմȾħԸܿƵסɢ˵
ǰƲסħΪʧǣҹסѾһֻ߽״Ӧֵܵס

ţбڡɢ˿ĵԷõܵ

ǳȻвֻҪȡǰָ꣬ȱʧļ䣬ʶ۵ĲԴᡣʱǳ֮һɨա

С¶첻ãǱҲݵˡ
۸ŽǳǸСĿ顣

ɢüʵôˣ
ûƿǵļ󡣡ǳͱӶڵϣû˷һʱӦòƿǡ

ʵɢ˿𣬿ڵҲطǵСȸԷ
˭ɻ

ɢ۵һ˿Ц⣬ŷ˾ԼҲֻҪ壬۴۶ǿԷġ

𣺣




47.  ֧   ġе

, ǳڴϵĺɫӣܲá
ϴʱ򣬾û˸˵Ҳڣ֪, Ըɢ˵, Ҳѡһ

һ뵽ڽʱЩӵľٶ, ǳͺ뽫Էֱӻغ
, һԺ, ֪Լ᲻ٴλ۵ĵ

һŵ, Ѿýǳˡ
޷һŵôȻ鷳ţ

С˸ͷ̽˿Դ
ǳͷһƳһ, ʵǻ쵰ڴϣΪʲô˵

Щ˵, 㻹ЩѾڴˡС˸绯ģ߽ǳڵʹϴģ˵һع¡

˵ǳŭɱѾˣôһȥ
ģôƭ㡣С˸͵ʹɢԶŪϵ, Ȼ˵һҪʹһ𣬲Լع˵˼

ǳЦһ, ѹûš
֪жۣȻⰲš

ɢĹϵ֪ģûķԸôţС˸ֵ

ǳšü˼Ƭ, ڵڵϰۡ
ɢ˼ǵȥΣգʹ˸ű㡣С˸

Ҫһ屣ǳЦ
һ䣬ڽʱı֡

òϣ۵ȷʵ֮ϵġ
ǻ쵰˷֮󣬽ǳĶ֡

ˣǳˡ

ŪߣȻͰǳ
С˸ҲЩԲŻ͵ǳô˵Ҳҵ飬æŪԼݡ

ȻŪˣǳȴûбáǰڽ۸ûüֻԲѣǳ˵ĻᶼûУֻƲѡ

ںϺУһ·ͨ衣
ǳ⼸Ϊ鲻ãҲôȥһֱڴš

ֱպĳ죬ǳͷ⻹ѵ˵飬ȥ⿴
ȻһţбſڣֱһЦؿ

ǳ۶ӣؾ쵽˶Է۵Ⱦŵһ˿ħǳһڽʱħӰôѾˣմȾħûʾ

ǳֱ̧ۣ㽫źϡ
Ȼ۶ȴ죬һֵڰϵϣֹ˽ǳš

ҽȥ۵״Ц⣬ڵ
´ΰɡǳ˵ţ۷ϵȴûɿ

ǳֻһأű۾ֱƿ˽

ϴŸ߽еѹǳǰһֱôηۣ۵ȾħۣȴĪЩ飬Ҳʶ˶ܵĶ

ۿǳĿЩɻ
ǳʶһĿǾ衣

ۼˣǰһǳ״ʶֺһ۽ٴθϡôûĹ˵齱ߡ

ۣ롭ʲôǳǼڽر۸ˣǼ֮ʶ뵽ĳЩ߰Ļ䡣

˯ۿڵ
˵űյ˽ǳߣǳһϣȥۣȴһأ۾ȻôԤ˵˽ǳ

ۣǳЩգ̾Ҫ۶ˣȴЩԾ̧һƣŷ۾Ȼʧȥʶ

ǳ
Ƶһߣǰ鿴һ۵״Էȷʵˡ

ǳһΣ뽫ֱϳȥ
뵽Ŀһ˿ħЩԥ

ʱӦúܲȶûǲҪ״̼ԷȽϺáǳòϣȷʵЩɵմȾħۡ

ֻڽؼһ֮󣬽ǳ۷ʱµ治ƺǳɣǽǼˣӦʲô鶼óֱڴϡ۸

ǳôûܹжЩյġ
ֻϧۣɱҲɱãҲ򲻹ֻȡ۵Ķоһһš

˻ᣬһҪֻ

˺ļգڴʱʱѡ
ǳͨ⼸ദ״

ǳֻҪԼԴ۵̬ºһЩǣ۵۵׵ħ㲻ܿҲΪԽǳʱ̬ǿƶģ˽ǳƵġ

һǳ۰۵׵ħᷭӿŽǳĿжаԽǳʱԵǿƶԵϲŪǳǽǳ

ǳ
۵״̬Ǻǻɽǳ̬Ⱦġ

仰˵ǳǲʧصۣͱúöǣ۵

ʱգǳС˸ǰ˵Ƿ㲻˼֡
˵һ˵Ƿͬеġ

ڷĿģǳһʱܲµó
Ȼɢ԰ϵĴԷȻ쵽۵״

ɢ˺ͷĵУҲ֪ħԼƵķ

Ȼ۵ħֻнǳܹơô۸ڽǳߣǸõѡ񡣷һʧأ֮ǿֻ»ǳճĻˡ

֮⣬˵ۻǳȥȡصǶйء
ˣ뽭ǳһȥ󣬱˵ͨˡ

ͨ˴νڣǳʱԼ
ֻΪ˸õġơۣǳòȡίȫһ

ǳֻб潫ۡ塱ãܿסۡ
һʧأıǽǳԼ

ǴգС˸Ǳ㿴һĻ
ǳʱ̬ºΪָѣ½ǳΪԼǰʧصľٶˣһնսսڽǳͷµűƵġ

Ҫؾһ𣿡ǳʵ
û뵽ǳԼһܳص𣿡

ס˳·ʲôԵģǳЦ
æ˵ͷȥ˳

ʵϣǳһ·ǣֻΪ˳·һ£Ҫȷһ¡
ǰ״ԪȶδнǳȥѹãҪȥȷһ״Ԫɾˡ

ȻֱǰԷѾľ˽ǳ
ǳе׻Ǵһ˿ڴ

ص֮󣬽ǳûֱȥƽֱȥ״Ԫ
״ԪŽգǳǰţûӦ

ǳֱӷɽȥǰ죬ֻա
ϾĵطǵҪĹء

ҹ󣬽ǳٴγţȴ۽סˡ

ҳͬŴ˵没ڼңѾһˡۿڵ
ǳĵһԼЩõԤСѲµĽӦò룬ǳжٻǶ״ԪЩǣҡ

ȥɡ۵
ǳššüһȥ¾ܾ۶룬ǵǣЩʱգǳںദĹʮļɣ֪۵

ֻҪԸ⣬ڵħһֱ

áǳڵ
Եʮָˣʵʵڽǳͷƽס

ǵ״ԪͷȷǽԺڡ
Ƭ̺״ԪĴűͷ򿪣кǳ˸

ҿˣļҶ˶ˣＸûʲôˡ۳ǳ
ǳһʵ״Ԫأ

Žǳȥ״ԪĺԺ
һ쵽˺Ժͷһơ

Ǻǳʵ
˳ǡ˵Ԧױ㽫ǽƻٵˡ

󴩹ǻ˵Ľƣ˺Ժſڡ
ʱڰȻԾһɫӰӰϹŽǳϮ˹

ǳδ֣һԵ۱һ֣ǰɫӰԶԷȴתϮۻɱӣһԾ𣬽ǰɫӰڵϣһҧס˶Է

ǰɫӰһֻסѹãֻвסŭ˻

ţǳ̽Žг˺֡
Էһ£ֹͣȴδ

ǳššüȻʶʲô
ĵѵҲմȾħ

֮أǳڳϵĺʵ
״Ԫɵ֣Խ

ǳһԦɫ𣬰˺ͷϡ
ײߣմȾħĻǳ˵԰ɢħ

Ȼǳһб㷢ҽС
ʱԶݷ֨ѽһ򿪣ǳȥ㿴״Ԫɡ

һã״Ԫɿ࣬ɫЩ԰ס
ϸȥɫȴ˿ûʲô̬

״Ԫɿ첽ӷڳĿڵϵĺͱϡ
ڿ˲䣬ʱ㰲Σ۵ҲԻָ

ۼ״ſ

ôʹ˶֣״Ԫɿڵ
ûֻԵ״ԪǰЩ䱸ؿۺͽǳ

ǳ۶һۣʲô
״ԪɴǰǾĸģֻ֪мʲôʣ

ʿ϶ͺйأʹЩѡ

״Ԫɵں˵˾ʲôԷתͷ䱸ؿ˽ǳһۣ˵˺ڰ״ԪŽǳȥ˲԰˲衣

״Ԫһ˵ǳ۲ŵ֪ľ
ԭ״ԪѾͺ˵ˣ֮ʱú˽

Ӧúúõģȴͷԡ
ûɱ״Ԫɣţ״Ԫһ

һס״ԪɵȴҲ״Ԫɶ˰

Ϊ˾ķ˲״Ԫɽת֮󣬱㷢Щˡúƫִ۰ҹ粽ظ״Ԫɣ״Ԫô˵

״Ԫɶ֪֮٣֪ȥһֻֻóƲڼңҲˡ

ı⣬ѡԾ㣬Ϊ㲻ԭǳڵΪˣֺķ̫ʹʧǡ

֪ħ𣿡һԵ۳״Ԫɿڵ˻ħ
ħ𣿡״Ԫʵ

۵˵ͷħֻһ𡣡
ôκ״Ԫɿʵ

ǿ㡭ۿ״Ԫɣڵ㵱ͻƽŵ飬ʱħԻˡ

״Ԫ˼Ƭ̣˵ͷ

ǳ̧״Ԫ̽һ£ڵվб̫㣬䱣סȴҲԪ

״ԪԵһЦǲ⡣
Ҳô⡣ǳֵħڡ

״Ԫһʵúûţô
ɡǳ˵Ԧ״ԪϽ˸ӡֵӡʱɻסĻǣԺŵӦúѳơħΣֻܿԼˡ

״Ԫ֮󣬽ǳкǸп
û뵽תת龹ӡ

״ԪɵʱǱסˣ֪״ԪԼǺ»ǻ¡ڽǳжԷܹǱ˸á

ںħԼ״Ԫɱ˼Ԫ
ֻҪ״ԪһδȻӭж⣬ǳҲ޲ߡ

ƺǰħǳ̲ס۵
۽ҹɫǳڵһǻģΪˡ

ǳһ뵽ħ
ۣôܽ˶Էħһǣ۵ǵ۳衣

һ磬ұع󡣡ǳڵ
ͬһȥۿڵ

ǳԿжһǱǣħֻۣ̫ܽ̽һħ

ǳɲˡ

صƽ֮󣬽ǳ뾶ֱطϢȴ۵סȥ·

ͬһ˯ۿڵ
ǳЩգϸһĿΪǱħӰˡ

Ϊʲôǳʵ
ѵʱǲôǽǳģæ͵ҺһԼ˲ңϲһ˯ҿſڡ

ǳЩΣž۵ԭջǴӦˡ
ʱһصغܣ˯һŴϣҲҳǳκص顣

ô˵ǳ˯òȡ
ε۱ʧأħ

ħ۰Եǿƣǳƽլýǳš
ǳ򲻹ֻۣʩΪΪ˺Щ

ǳجŵùǺѺһ亹
ʵϣԴ뿪ݵ󣬽ǳһֱЩ

ֹҪ۵ħҪԼĶӡ
ԼһĪһ

⼸Ҳ֪ǲ˼ԵʣǳܾڵȡһԭʵΪǰݵħӰˣ뿪Ȼб仯

ǳѹ֪ǵ飬㽫ı仯ˡ

⼸佹ǵÿ춼Ҫ̽ԼҪȷԼûжİκ۵Ϣ

մجо֮󣬽ǳְԼСϣҪ̽һ̽е
ǳ˯ԼԱߣѹû⵽Է

ǣǳšüͷԼСĻ棬С

ʲôۿʵ
ǲǶһǳʶ

һ䣬ǳʶʲô
͵תͷۣɫʮѿһʱҲҪǰ

ۼǳ⸱飬ﲻɿһ£һؿڵġеˣ




48.  ֧   Ҳ뿪ǡ

ǳšü, ϴż
һʱûΪʲô⸱顣

𣿡ֿһ顣
ǳسŪ۵ˣ֪ʲôĴ𰸣УûУ

״, ǳϲóȻ̼ۡ
һСĴ̼ٷ˲, ɾ鷳ˡ

㡭ǳ, ̽ʵأ
ҡĿ΢, 淸ѡ

ôҪ
ת, оκ˴ˡ

۵ʶǳ, δܵħӰ죬ĲԼԸ, ǽǳ顣

֪ǳһֱǲ, ҲܲģԴǰŻһֱ
һΣΪħӰ죬ڽ۸˽ǳüա

ۼǵãнǳѹ档
۵ʱħ, ֻ۸ǳͲ͡

֮Щϸڣֻûڲѣ޲ûصȥһƽԼѡѾ, ֮ٺҲˡ

ΪǼգýǳٴС
һԼƺͱ˴¨ˡ

ǳһ

ҵĴ۲Ƚǳڣϴ, ңǼ̫쵰ŻҶУҲỹֵġ

ǳ
û뵽۾ⷴӦЩסˡ

ۼǳڣֻԷˡ
æǳһúòģӡ

̧ʶڽǳϣȴæջֻ֣һǳ

ǵãһνǳеһֱδκΣýǳ˲ί۶Դһֱڻֻ֪̫ˣһֱûϳǳ⡣

ĵһҲýǳίˡ
Ҫһ׵ΣҪúϧǳһεݡ

ʱǳۣת

ʵͲȷԼûлϣһڵڽⶾһӲųֵġһξڽذⶾʱ仹̫ãԽǳûôóۡ

۵˼ֻǵ̽۵̬Ȱˡ
û뵽ۻı֣̫ˡ

ǳ˼⣬ʶƺûӰ쵽ڵħ
Ϊ֤Ʋ⣬ǳۣԷڵȥڲ㣬Ҳ⡣

һ۵ħ΢ȴסˡ
ھεؿ˽ǳһۣȥˣｭǳ˷š

ǳüǾȡ

ЩʱյĹ۲죬ǻ˴ǰǳô˵һᱻǣħû뵽Ϊǳ˵ڽǳǰסħˡ

Ҳ˵šȷ治ڵĵڵħԵõܺõĿơٽǳʱҪǰǰСҲ÷ĺˡ

ͨ˴˽ڣǳоЩɡ
ǰĵ⣬񷴵æ

Ȼˡ
ʱĬŵǴڵİɡ

ҹǳ˯úܰȡ
ȴأڽǳͷһֱص

һ磬ǳ󣬱㿴С˸Ժͷһɥ
ǳٿ⸱ӣ̲סѯһ䡣

ֻӲˡС˸
ǳԲС˸֮ǰƽԺһֻӡ

ֻС˸ģǻ˹󣬱һֱķӵʡ£ҲÿȥιÿռҶӾͿԼһֱûܹ

һΣ뿪̫ˣҲ֪ǳʲô飬Ͳˡ
С˸ǰҲöӣλȻҲԷˣٻЩʧġ

˵ˡǳڵ
ҶҹˣûӰС˸ҹҶ˯ģԺһҹʹˣ˭Ҳûֹ

϶ֻĶˡ
С˸糿ڸһȦҲûõСӵ䣬ֻա

磬ǳ۱С˸뿪˾ǣȥ

뿪ûԶ쵽һİ·߲Զɽʯͷ

ƺǳڵ
ҹȥɡС˸

ǳ֪뵽ʲôһȥɡ
ȴȽǳ죬Ƚǳ£㾶ֱƵɽʯͷ

Ƭ̺һֻԲѵɽʯͷˡ
ӵǳǰڵ۶ˣˡ

ǳ۲ֻȻԷһֻ۶ˣţϵëҲմ˲ѪʮǱ˭򶷹ͦҡ

ŰɡǳС˸
ݣ˵ôأǳЩӲ

С˸Ա㻯ģһ֪Ƭ̺󻯳ΣǸӢģ

ˡС˸
ǳɵ꣬ʵôܵˣ

꿴ǳ۾Ȼһ㳯ǳȥ
ǳһδüӦ۱һѽǳһŽ߷ڵء

ˤڵأҪĿֱֱǳ
ǳĿвûҲħ㳯۰˰֣ʵʶң

ͷ볯ǳ˵ȴֻܷǳϸһŷкܶѪǰ°һԷͷѾεˣԸ˵

ʶ𣿡ǳʵ
ҡҡͷĿһֱǳƺкܶ໰˵

ȽŰɡǳڵ
ƺܸˣΪɵһԵۣûóȻǳ

۶ƺе⣬ڼһֱ̲סԷ
ǳû⵽ֻ˼

˵ؾ뾩Ǻܽûʺݾסĵط
ֻݣԵ޹ʲóŶԡ

ɶԷΪʲôͻȻ֣һˣ
ǳɻǣԷʶȴ벻Է˭

˵Ǻݴܣˡۿڵ
۶ϳŲǴ£ǹŰǳڵ

۶ŽǳƬ̣ʵʶ
ʶǳ

Ļ졣ۿڵ
ǳһЩȵؿۡ

ȷĿǳ˿
ܵħӰ죬ѵʱҲǰвͬ

۱ʱΪֱףǰôίˡ
ǾԲᵱֲ²ģֻ⻰ýǳѽӡ

Ҷʶǳεص
ϲʶû뷨ûбȻϵۿڵʱ񲻶Ծ

ǳûöԷԼʱʲôס
۷ؿһۣǰԷ۾ˣ϶Žǳ

ǳ

ǿ쵽˹ʱ˼¡
С˸罫£⿪۾ŵĲ

ķֿ˿ǳĿֳ˾֮ɫ

ס볯෴ķܣΪˣбˣ˰ҲûܳԶڵøԼҲմ˲ٻҳͲľм

Ǻܿܵˡǳڳ
ǹȻûݣȻ壬ˣ㼸ջǿԵġС˸糯˭˵㣬㶼£нڣ˭Ҳˡ

˿ûаԽĿһֱŽǳ
ǳšüüͷʵʲô

һ˵ͷֿʼŽǳڡ
ʱһԵۿڵ¹󣬻᲻Ǻ͹йأ

ܣ˳˺ͬ壬ο˵ûֻݡǳ
һ䣬ٴο꣬ɫʱˡ

ֻᵽʱǾٶںʲô
µľǹطͷĳֻأ

ƺҲʶʲôһֳۣǳΣȻȥ˵ɡ˵صŪˡ

ǳ˵ͷְһ䣬С˸
˴˷࣬ûٵֿ۵ɴž⡣

ջƻʱǳǱ㵽˹ĵؽ硣
ǳѭ˹Ľ磬һж˿

ǳϢܿ촫˹
ǳδصס׺ױӭ˳

˻ˡ׺ͷһǳ޲ݺᣬܿ쿴һԵۣæ۴˸к

һ֮󣬰׺ײע⵽˱С˸

ѽǾҲһֻ׺׿ʵ
ǳššüڵҲ

ǰͱǱ߳ӵݱϮˣЩݶˣܵˡ׺׿ڳǳ˵ǹӭݣйڣ˵ͦңұһЩ˵ģǰ˺ͷ

˭Ϯˣۿʵ
˵һЩħݡ׺׿ڵ

ǳ۶һۣƺôЩΡ
ȥһۡǳͷ׻Ҵ·

׺æӦˣȻǰͷǳ۴·
С˸ȴŻԲѵȥˡ

û뵽Ǿһѵá׺˵ŲסֵۣϴҪݣʹ˺õͦá

۳һЦ۾ȴ̲סһֱ͵ǳ°׺ͷǾ仰˽ǳʹǵýǳˡ

οм𣿡׺׿ʵ
ˡǳһ𣬶ʲôʵ뿪֮ǰ˵ʲô

׺룬ڵû˵ֻ̫࣬˵Լδ˵Ӧúܿͻ֮ǰҺտŹ󡣡

δǳĥһĸ֣ܾе⣬һʱ֮벻̫ס

ˡʱ׺ͣһԺǰǳͶݹнʮֻ⼸ƫԺС

ǳ̧ۿһǼԺ䣬ûʲô
ٴͷȥû̫Ĳƽ

ҽȥһۡǳڵ
ȻᲽ۱һ߬ס

ǳһۣĿʡ
Ƴ˰׺һۣڽǳߵţȥͷʲôӵĶǵ㶯̥۵һֱǵýǳݲôԸ

ǳԱǸӣ⻰Ҳʲô
ϾԼǰĬǿŵĴڣҪ޴˵

ǳЩΣʱض˵

˵䣬ѾᲽԼǴԺȥ
ߵԺſڣ۱㲻šüͷֻԺſһԵĽ硣

ǽ粢ûʲôʵʵãѹסκ
۽Ժӣʶá

Ϊ˵סԺеѪ
۴󣬱оǵѪУ

šüͷԦʱܷ⡣
ȻһֱڣҲû⣬Ժоûлŵһ㡣

ںԺƯеʬ塣
Կóʬ嶼СһⶼǱ

Ƭ̺۴ԺгһֻСʬ塣
ͷĽǳͰ׺ףڼʬ֮ɫʱˡ

ô£ǳšü
ͷźüֻʬ壬֮⣬ͷûݵӰӡۿ˰׺һۣ׺֮ɫȻҲûϵᷢ顣

ǳһ۱ķᲽҪȥ

ȴǰڵԺſ˽磬ͷǴϵȻǣȴڹģԲᰲȥղ鿴

ǶͷץСȻΪˣ׺ŵؿڵΪʲôҪôӦˣ˵ġ

ǳšü˵ƿ۵壬Ժȥ
ۼ״ҲӲţֻܸڽǳ

ǳһԲݵļԺﶼһ顣
׺׽˽ͷСʬ嶼Ū˳

󾭹㣬βСмʮֻ֮ࡣ
׺ЩʬǰζȥһӲ˲١

ڹУϵԹеСмӡһΣΪһ֮˵ݣ˼ʮֻСɥȻԸӡ

ңҺǡ׺׿ڵ
黹ûŪҪ½ۡǳ俪ڵ֮ҵǵټ׻ͷͨС䵥ȻһСûб

׺æ˵ͷȥ˱˵

е벻֪ͨôһ鷳Ҳ˵ֻңҲܷŹǡǳڣΪʲôҪðѵֻΪɱ⼸ʮֻС

һԵۿڵ˵Ϊ˱ĿġֻǻͷΪǴ׺׵ɱЩСֻΪ˿κԼˣǾ֪ȥԼ顣û´ӦͰ뿪˹󡣡

ǳһЩСʬ壬ǵȷѾˡ

áǳüͷһšͻȻʶʲôڵС˸磡
ҲֻԷӦС˸һء

ĿĺЩһģС˸ǡ
ˣǳûڿնȥ򻯳ɱӳŽǳ뿪ķȥ

ȻǵС˸簲ĵط֮ȴΣսսڽ䣬Ǻ¡

áǳ˿
ۿƬ̣ڵûпܣµĲǱˣͬ壿

ǳһۣʱʲô
ֻЩݵĲ֮ͬڣͷ

ʶֵ壬һͷ뱻졣

˼ǣԭЩһǱģΪĳЩԭԸϣʱŭͬ壬ų⸱ӣǳʵ

пܡۿڵҲΪʲôʱܸˣȴܿΪͬ塣

ǳһ˼⣬ƶϺܺ
ⲻҪģҪǣЩݵĿʲô

ʲôֵǵ˺ҲϧҪõ𣿡ۿʵ
ǳ룬Ȼһڵˣ᲻ȡĶ

ɫһ䣬תķȥ
ǳ˲ѯΪʲôۻ֪ԼҪȡʲôæС˸Ը˼䣬æ

ǵңȻͷĽ类ƻˡ
ýǳȡĶѲ֪ȥ

ħħǳڵ
˲ôˣ뽫Ƕһۿڵ

ǳ룬ڵ֪ݵټȥǣڹ󣬰ҡһǳЩģǻȥ

ϾС̫ˣħҪҵĽݾûбõĻˡѾͽǳ׵ˣҲٶһء

С۹Ͼܾ
㡭ǳֻǲԸԼЩʧ

۱壬ԸΪģԭ֮Уǳ˵Ҳ̫

Ǿ˰ɡˡǳ
Сٴοڡ

ǳɵؿۣʵ֪Ҫҵʲô𣿡
֪ǺҪĶ۵

ǳһʵҼǵ뿪ݵʱǻŵģô֪
ɢ˽ѹң˵Ƕʲôۿڵⶫܶ

Ҳ֪ʲôҲܶ¹󲻹ܡǳȷȫ֮ǰҲ뿪

У²ٵˡЩǿӲؿڵ

ǳššüҹĶҲҵ飬ʲôʸſڱտ˵У

ҡۿڵǿİ취ﻹа׺ףֻҪǰٻҲΪ

ǳһЩ⡣

Ҳұ㣬ȥĶҾȥĶۿŽǳصһΣҲ뿪ǸӰ벽ˡ

ǳ





49.  ֧   

ǳ, ر棬һִ֡

뽭ǳӣ˿ûбֳȻɫȥʮ̹Ȼʵ, Դϴڽس֮, ǳע⵽ۿĿʹǰһˡ

ǰĵط, оֹżϰ, ô, ¶ĶǾ֮Ǹʱ, ǳ̫ܲ³۵뷨ܾÿ͸Է

ȥһαװһ, ħӰ£ʼҶֱס
ʱ, ŽǳĿжŲε㺣ǳ̲ס

ǳԼҲ˵оܾòϰߡ
Ѱףƺֲرᡭ

㲻ˣ۹۲Žǳɫβʵ
ûСǳڣƽ

Ա鶼˵, 㲻ҲûӡǶǱҪҵģܵ飬Ҳֻܸ㡣ظһǰͷ˵Ļ·½ǳ֪ľƵġ

ǳ⸱̬ŪЩ, ǻ˴ǰǳɲ߲ˡ⣬ǳ¶Һ۵ĸܣǸ, Խҵʱ۱ԽҪ

ϣ˳۵˼

ҵһȰɣ׻Ǳûбķ֡ǳڵ
˵뿪ǴţŰ׺ǱߵϢ

Сǳߣʵ㲻棬͵ߵǶͷʲô𣿡
ǳۣоۺ˵ֲ˵

ǽǳüҺûôأͷʲôĶҲѰף֪Ȼҵġ

Բ֪뵽ʲôɫЩá
ǳԷǻһֵֹΡ

֪ǳβûɵģϾڽǳǶǷһֱڽǳߡۻ̲סЩʣħӰ£۶ԷĵⱻŴ౶

ۻǵã뿪ݵ֮ǰɢȥʱ򣬳˵Ļ

Ǹʱɢ˸۷еİţŽǳһȡǰꡣȻܾ¶ԷԸҲܷýǳԼع

ҳ˵ǰͷǳļָԺڰǳǰɾʲôӶûˣ׼۳ɢ˵ĪҪ԰ǳʲôе˼

ɢԿЦһڵ⵽ʵ뷨ħӰ㣿
ⲻҪۿڵлһоͱˣ֪⡣

СȸΪɢ͡
ȴ˰֣ʾԷ˵ˡ

ɢ˾쵽࣬ħӰ£ЩϣЩȱġһ仯ϣɢ˵Ҳ̫ġ

Ψһžǣ⡰ǲˡ

ǳԷ𡭡ۿڡ
ǳܾ쵽û˵ʲôûִ̧

˵˵ɣǶʲô?ǳͼӷתƿ˵ʲôεĻ

ȴһЦڵܿͻ֪ġ
¹غ۲ڽǳǰ˵ʲôһ֮ʣõʱǳţΪڱŷ

ֻҪҵǳļͻָ
ʱʲôҪ˵ǳȻͶˡ

˵䣬׺ױˡ
ѾϸѰȷЩѾߡ

ûбС׺׿ڵǶҲЩ˼ɵģû̫
ǵĿȷʵֻΪⶫǳڵ

׺һʵʲô
Ƚǳڣ鳯׺˵һ顣

׺ʮ־ȣû뵽Щ˴ۣΪ͵߷Ķ

ǰħҲΪ͵һĶǳڵһɣҪ͵񶪵ĺܿͬһ

׺׶֪Ƕʲôֻ˽ǳһۣδ׷ʡ

׻˷ȡȴˡǳұ뾡콫Ƕһźȥ

׺׵˵ͷҷģ¼һ磬ǲĹںһƣʱֻҪٸóȻǶЩδؾͻ˿

Ĳ˵٣Ȼǳĸ߽״࣬ۼԸݣǿԵֵסġ

˷֮ԵóѣΪֶαӡ
浶ǹĶ֣ǿɾδռˡ

󣬽ǳۻа׺֣ڹͷһơ
һֻҪ󣬰׺̱ܾ쵽

֮ǰĽѵѾСǨ˹ס䵥Ŀܡ

֮⣬ǳǿһЩÿڹѲߡ
ֱһжǳžǰͱڣѰұ͵ߵǶ䡣

Ƕ֮ǰֻȴ
С˸ƹһɺ

ҵǳ֮󣬳ǳȻһͨϧǳ˼
ˣִǳ֣ĻЩʲôǳǿ˵ʲô

æȥݡǳڵ
üƳһۣڵֻϺȰˡ

ڽǳĻЩʲô
ǳŬϰΣڵ˵Щݣĵطңû·ǿ²ôҵ

Կ˽ǳһڵҲһҲƭأ
ǻ飬û֪ھ϶ɺϣǿⰲŵġǳ֮ԻôţȻΪҺ𶼲ôƭӡ

ۿ˳Ҳܲµȥǵԭ

һֻݱȺˣˣҸĵطָǸܺõ⡣ΪĵطܵԼԼһʱ֮䲻̫Σա

۾ǿ˳ۣ䲻ϲŽǳĿ⡣
ϣԷԼͽǳΪۡ

˵ˣˣʲôǻ𣿡ǳڵ
һǳ⻰ȡõˣɫʱÿ˲١

ƳһЭƵְ̧ϣʼˡ

ñˣ۰κ۶ϵֻ򣬾һὫֻĲӶšϣ顣

Щηۣæ˵ͷ

Ϊ˷ֹҹζ࣬ǳ۵ձȥӵͱڡ
֮ð׺׳һѾָˡ

ǵͱڸ֮ʾڴ˵Ⱥ
ȡʯУͨʯһһ

ǳѾϸƶϹˣΪǽոջصݰߣҲô촫ǶСʱݶ֪ǳѾ顣

ʱȥͱڣҲֻΪͷѣתˣԲỳɵǳϡ

ͱĳɽʯ˹ĻĶ
ȥ֮󣬺ܿ˲Сɧ

ֻǰձ˳ߣû뵽ôͻˡ

ôͷӲùˣһֻڵ
ָͦ찡һֻ񿪿ڵץСȡǵˡһΪͦߣҲΥµĹء

ʹԴһԲԵԼ

Ȱ㣬úõݲοȥǰ׿ȸĹӣһֻڵΪǣôʶ˭𣿡

һֻʵͽǳʲôϵ
Ͳ֪ˣֲ˵ڵ˵׿ȸȹ

Ļ⣬ššü˽ǳ
ǳĿ⿴Ī飬ʶ͵Ҳʶ

ȹ۵
Ҳǵáǳ

˿ڵȹܶ𣿡
廤Ӧþȹ١ǳڵ

еˣǳôǿ󣬳ûÿ˭ˣֻ¶ҪԽǳ˼ۡԼˡܾȫµ콭ǳǰûϷ֪ô£Щᡣ

ǲȥʱ飿Աߵһֻ񿪿ڵ㵹ҲİôˣǲŸǳµأ

ڳݴûϲģ˵дʮĳ.

ǳµһֻô˵ǳȱĲǰµأǿǳκƤȴ񶼰ףϸ첲ϸȣ϶ҲǷȱ

ֲÿСӣԭȱİԱߵĵЦ
˵µءһ仰ǵݹЦ

ȴֻͷ֨䡣

ĻۣµǾ仰ʱĿʱӿһħɱȻΧĿƾࡣ

ǳתͷӣԼĻȥˡ

ʱĻͻȻһ˿
ţ˵ֻͫȻһͨһ£һŤһԡ

ǳȥŷĻ﷽ųֵǸӰǺڵ
ֻڵ̫ϤˣǴǰżֻԷڹɱۣǳȥһֻ

û뵽ڵ񾹻ţֻ漣سˡ
ֻϸȥ³ֻ͸źɫħ

ǳͨħġ

ϲǳڵʵ
ȻûеͷҲûҡͷ

ۼ״̲סһ۽ǳ
ǳЩΣĪ˼顣

ĵԼֲֹϵ۸ҪʱһְԹĿ⿴Լ֪ĻΪԼۣŶԷͷϹƵġ

Ȼˣͺú¡ڵżֹƻ°ɣҽ͸㣬ʱĳ򣬷.ŪҵҪʱܲܽ

Ļ⣬ⷬһ߬ȭͷϵɱ⼸Ҫסˡ
ǳʧأæְֱϡ

оֱϴ΢УеħȥЩ

ʱĻУڵһְɫħ
ħ˳ƤԷڣ̼ĿȾħ

ţڵſ֡
ڣԼͷ³ˡ

Ȿ£ǳȵ
ǿҲֻϣȴʧȥֱۻͷٳħزѾħ͸ˡ

û뵽еʹǳЦһڵҼǵõڹͷǱ˵ġ

ԹԽʢħԽ졣ۿڵ䲻֪˭ָʹѡеӦþ

ҲˣڵŻѡ
ҲеԹڳκһֻݶҪʢ

仰˵ħ˵Ϊڳ˺ڵ֮⣬ǿݡ
һմȾħᱻŴ󣬽ʱеǶڡ

ҲΪʲôڵ񼸺ԭ
Ϊħ嶼Ϊ

Ĵɾ뷨մŶᱻħֻͬʣ޾ԹޣİҲɺޡ

ħˣǿƲסˡǳŹĻеڵ
δءۿ˽ǳһۣڵڵᱻħΪֻкޡһħÿһֻӰ춼ǲͬġ

ǳԿĻֻ۵״ħȴֻǰվţδڹǳǡ

ڵڵ
һԵݼ״֨Ȼħĺڵǰ

ǲ⣬Ϊʲôǰڵ۶ϳϳȥ񷴵úڵȥҲʡֻ򷽲ǰʴʵǸһѾڵŤ˲ӡ

ڵ뿪ݣһڡ
һһ磬Χ˺ɫħ

͸ĻԼǽһ
ħڵǳǶԼܾ쵽ǶΧһƣǽƷŻĹâڷġ

ֻƿͷĽ磬ûд򿪰ǶĽơǳ״˿
šüŹĻеĺڵԺһֱŷźڵԽǳԲѷ顭

ĻС
ڵ˵ڴ˴ⶫЩʱȡ

һף۵ֳħ
ڵƺԼĽڵ˵

ǡڣɫħĿǲ
ڵص˵ͷЦһת뿪Ǵ

ְɡۿڵ
ѾЩ̲סˣ޲̳ȥšϺڵĲӡ

Ժзһֱڵ˵Ǿ䡰ĳ򣬷.Ūֻ֪һܳļ裬۵ۣɹŭ

ǳȴסڵ˵˻ȡ֪˭
ֻһЩ˿

ڵħڵúìܣһ޴йһֲǽǳֻš

»˭ǳʵ
ûʲô˼죬ܷ꣬ĵħӿЩʲô

ǳ״һְϣ޳ָ⣬ֱĦţͼۡ

ɫ΢ǳ΢΢һ¡
ɱ޴йֻԼģǳ΢ֻϣǴԣǴŹƻƵġ

롭ۿڣƳǳɫ֮󣬵ʱ˲١
ԭЩѿڶͻ֮˻ȥתǳСڵ

еҪתעԼƲסֱӳȥͷݶɱˡ

ʲôǳɫЩãȻ
ۿڵ





50.  ֧   𣿡

ǳû뵽۾ͻȻ, һʱЩӦ
ۣ۵״һĨ궯ħ֣ƺѾʧصıԵ

ǳ, Լֱ˵ܾ۵Ļ, Է˵̷衣
ǳðʱ, ǳǲܾ, һǳû, ˵Ҳ̼ܵ

һ, ǳᵽʲôɻ
ͲΪǣۣôһʱᱻĻš

񵹺, ˡ

ۼǳһֻѾ̧, 㳯ǳС̽ȥˡ
ǳת̧߬ס۵

Ϊʲôۿڣ۵׵궯Խԡ
ǳһᣬĿ⣬żֵһء

ۣ
ǳ

ûǳһʱЩס, ֪ηӦ
ƢãֱӶ֣Ҫôǲˣôְ, ۻǵһμ

ڹ𣿡Сʵ
ǳ̧ۿǸŭŭ״̬Ҳܹ㣿

ܡæܹҡ

ǳȻڳ
ʲôЩû, 궯ҲûӰ

ڨڨֻ֣۵׵궯Ҳ˲٣ǳԷЩ
һȥŵ١һ£׽תߡ

ˣַЩίصʱ۵ģҲҪ㻹ҶˣҲ

ǵģǵġ۳ˣ֪ίôۣһʱ֮Ķһţæ͵ҵĴҲģҿƲסԼ

ǳЦȴǸ̬β΢΢ź⣬ίˡ
֣ǳңҵĴ֪ۣҵʱҲ㣬ҵħҿƲסԼҲ֪Ϊʲô

Խ˵Խ۵׵ħֿʼ֡
ǳŪɳ׾Ҽæڵ֪

СŽǳŽǳûſĵ¶Щˣǳ֣ȴֲҴֻ̼š

ʹѾҷӣһơۿڣֺãǳԺ󲻻ˣҲۡ

ǳػܣĳطĪЩ
û뵽ڱħӰ쵽ʱ򣬾Ͼȥȡ˾

ۼǳ˵СǰԴ˽ǳѣֺãȡĳְȫС

֪ǳӣҲ֪ȡýǳ
ǳȴͻľٶе㲻ڣɺһƬ

գǱһֱûбĶ
ǳɽ˴գǳ˯ˡ

۱˱ӣýǳԼĶƤϡ
Դӽǳ֮Ѿþûô׽ˡ

ǳôڱӻ˯һֱʯ춯ѹ

𣿡۴Ц⿴Žǳ·ýǳ˯˵һôֵ۵Ĵ£ڽǳ۶Ҫ

ǳڱë޵ĶһѣŽĿתĻ
ҲŻΣڽǳߣŽǳ߿Ļ

ֻĻУڵһ߽С
ǳźڵӰһ

ҲˣκԷڹٰǴϯϡ

ǳšüͷôݹ᣿
ϴνҹڵģ𣿡ۿڵ

ǳһ˵ħƻΪģ
һ˵δزġۿڵ֮ǰͺڵ϶ûħɼǸʱûħﹴᣬǲǰźħǣ

ͬʱĻеĿ˽Ƕϡ

ǵмֱ¡ڵ
ѾŪˣ˵˰ɣڵ񿪿ʵ㾿Ҫô𣿡

ǳһȣû뵽ڵͼ

״ӵ壬ѾҸĻرˡڵ㱻ǳ˳ǻֻڵڡ

ڵֳȴܿסˡ
ǳˣԻ㡣ڵЦһڵȻǺбҪ˵ͷ㻹õҵĵطأô췭ʲô

ڵ˵ʱյߣ٬ż
Ƴһۣڵ˵ܿ˵ģҲ̫ԼˣǳˣοǷˣ

ڵɫһʵγ
Ҷ֣ˡ㿪ڵ

ǳͷһššüͷ

ϡǵð׺˵ÿ궼һΣԺñȴǰΪǿ󡣵֮ӭһαȽʱڣʱڵòкܴΣա

֮󣬹ֻʣ׺ͷнǳ㻹¸㲻ʵ
ڵЦһڵһĺܲңֹһܾ裬ĥʮ죬ǰ棬Ȼɱ

ڵһ䣬ǳоԵɱ
ǳ˼ңһ滹ŷ飬һ滹˼ΪʲôҪЩ£

ֹǳǸ壬Ҳ֮ءڵҧгݵص

ʱվһԵͻȻڵûзҲôöģͰ׺׶Ǹ߽״ͷ塣

ڵĿһݣȴתͷζؿڵ˵û⿿ݣҪô׵ģҸ˰֡

һ䣬Ļߵһ

ֵݲУǼأ
ôܰǣڵ񿪿ڵô壬Щ궼ûǽʱˡԵ޹ʣҲûȥǹĵ

㿴ǶЦΪΪʲô㽫ⶫ͵һֱ˺ü磬ô޷һƴ򿪣ɼⶫԷж⡣

һⶫûˣһˡ㿪ڵ
ԡⶫԭõȷ֮͵ǵڵ

ʱˣʱ͵ɽӸ壬ŷ֮ǰȺӣʱͺðˡ

·˲ȥǳҲȥġֵǶ岻ʱֻҪ֮ͷǽ᲻˳𡣡

ŹĻǳɵˣû뵽ԼƵôסϸһ£Լ֪࣬汻ʱȥһҲûпܡ

廹ӦǳҲǧټʲôôˮûǣΪҪˣ

ۿŽǳڵΪħֻ嶼òɿôһŸءǳһ£һʱЩûͨеĹؼ

ȴûᣬڵҪˣȽǶʱ⣬ǣ˼ȥ

ǳԶʱеҲû롣
Ѱ಻ס붯֣ǳȴһΰס

Ӧ˭ǳڵ㲻𣿡
棬νˣֻɱ˺ڵ񡣡ص

ǳһְֱϣڵҺ档

ۣ
ǳû취ˡ

ðɡЭ

żƻǲ֪飬Щ鷳

Ƚǳ۷ʯһĻһĨȻϡǱʯӦˡ

Ȼ˿ûбħӰ쵽ǳЩȵؿڵһΪѾħزˡ

ššüΪͼı졣
ǳһֵħԹģ˭Թ̫ʢȻױɡȻĹģסħɡ

ǳЩȣ漴תͷۣҲĿƵؿ
һ̣ǳв뵽ǰҲǿŶġ⣬ħ

۵ħҲǽǳ
Щӣʱ޿̶ھìܺ

ĻУѾǶ뿪ˡ

׷𣿡ǳʵ
ܣƳŲ̫á۵񵽵ħܿͻɢһɢˣͻʧȥ䡣

Խǳֻһʯ׷㣬һ߱źľ롣

İɣܵġۿڵ
ǳ˵ͷĵ˲׷ˣֱӰ±ǡ

ǳ۸һĨһ·׷
ۿԽԽټͿѰˣʱȴͣ˽Ų

ĻģģĻУһ۾Ϳǰ߳һˡ
㲻϶ϤȴҲİ

ǳƾģĻ棬ϳ˶Է

¹ǳڵǾǸƣ
һĿż⡣

ʱĻϨˡ
˿ûгɣԦ¹ڵĵطȥ

׶̫ߣ쵽۵ʱѾˡ
ѶûУֱӳ֣һбס¹

¹㱻סˡ
ûϵۻڴˣʶܣȴѾǳסȥ·

ˮ年ᣬĹϵ㵹б¡ڸ߽ѹ¹¹ħӿ֣ȴ˿ûзء

ֵͻȻ˵ϴھɱֻëɣҵʱͦƣɱǶôݻҵƽ

ʱǳУ춯ǵЩʧ֡
ۼʱϵǳȻҪڵ˵

뵽£ֳѹ¹ҲǿһЩ

ԭǸʱʼѾ塣
ݺǶ壬ⶼǷԼ¹Щ߽壬ΪϢˣһֱų򣡡

¹۵ֳħݺݵصҺ޲Ƕһ˲źá
㻹һɱֻë񣿡ǳڵʲôΨһ𲻹ǿ󣬴򲻹ǡΪ߽ޣֻ岻֪ж

屾Ͳ֮ͬиƶ֣֮ǿ𲢲̫󡣵岻߽ͬ״С֮Ĳ֮࣬ݡ

Ĳ֮⣬ҲΪ
ǿʳʤΪԼ׳ɵĹ

Ĵ˹ӻСͬ壬Ѿڹļˡݺˮ壬ֻҪǵͷϣ㲻档

ۣһ壬£ͽ¹ۺ
۱Цˣⶫǰһ̻ıɱͽñӿ۵۵ͷϡ

ɡͬϻ߶ֱӽ˽ˡ
״ʶܣȴǳ߶ԭء

ˮ屾Ȼη壬ǳһֻ߽ޣͷųѹѹƵվվ

أǳʵ
ڵˣ㶢Žǳʵ

һ۵һϣ߷ڵء

ͷŸɾ㣬Ƕ䡣
ǳ㣬ڵãøһˡ

㵱̾˿۵ֳħ
ǳʵΪʲôңȶͿû£ҾҪʸܻȥǰĹз飬۵ħЩ

ǳü֪λش⡣ûԼãΣҲ翵ϾԼħΪԼãͶõ˻ġ

ȥݵǳʵ
ֻħҲȱָڵûѡ

ݵħ飬ħģϴԽǳʱûн¸֪ǳΪȶһŶͷ

ǳӣӦ֮ǰȥݵֻǶʱ䣬һֱڹûֱ֣뿪Ŷɿݺ˼

ħΪʲôҪôǳʵġ
ΪʲôǳڵȻҪǶ

ǳššüЩ벻ͨ
ԷΪʲôҪô

͵ߵⶫʲô
Ϊʲôƾ˵ħƶܽ췭ظ

ǳĺܺãͬǿȸͿڹ߸ϵĻȴֻܱڰյĵطűڵ

ǳһʵʶħ
㲻ʶ𣿡ʵ˵ôͰˣ

˭ǳʵ
㵱治֪˭ֻȸ

ǳһȻתͷۡ
۴˿ҲŽǳ

ǳֻħ֪Էһֻȸ
ֻȸħȾѾ˺ɫģԭӡ

ǳûǸܣǡ
ͿѾˣǰǳۿˡ

𣿡ǳʵ
ֻ˵

ǲǳЩسʵң
ǰһסǳ󣬽ǳȴһܿʵǲħǲ

ۿŽǳΣ󿪿ڵǡ

Ϳǳ૿ڵͿû
Ȼĳ̫ǳһʱ֮ЩԽܡ

ЦףħôһֱǧټҪɱ㣬ǲǺܾϲ

ĿƳȻ֣һбšĲӡ
۾ɵϴ󣬶ûüϣô⧲ˡ

ǳۿڡ
Ϊʲôңǵǽɱˣôûǳ૵

ԦϴŵǶ˳
ýˣԿǽͷһһĶ

էһǰɫģϸȥͷȴźɫħ

ǲľ濴ǳڵңҴҲ㡣̹ϣŶ˵Ҫ

۴ǰҲΪԹ޹ֻôǳһֱΪ˶Ļ١òϣѡĻҲԥѡȱסǳ

۽ڽĶŵǳǰڵ˽̹ôⶫɣ
ǳ˵ͷĿϡ

򿪡ۿڵ
ǳۣԦַͷĽϡ




51.  ֧   ס

ǳ, ȴٳûд߶
šüǳڵ⿪

ǳֻǿĶȴٳûжżɣڵʲô, ڷŵδع

ǳ, ҡ۳
ǳ, ɴ, ԥ

ķӡǳڵ
ں𣿡ۿڵǲң

ǳ̧ۿ, ʵҸ𣿡
۵ħ, κڵ㲻ңܸŷ˰ɣ

ǳĿٴűŵ, ͳ⿪Ƕϵķӡ

˻ķӡ⿪, ͷһĶɽǳüģû˽ǳڡһз̫죬ǳûӦ

ȻǶ뽭ǳڵһ˲䣬ǳĻǱ㷢˾޴Ĳ걻ͬʱ޲ǵҲɢˡ

ͬʱ, ǳͬһ𱻳ߵĻ䣬һˡ

ǰһĻٴγڽǳԺС

ߣһֻȸֻס, ͷȸ
ȸ𲱾İ

꽭ǳ˫Ŀͨ죬û˫ҪǰʩȣȴһȻסΰ˵ϡ

ѹŽǳ, ڵǻὫһģ

ҡ
ȸİڽǳ

Ȳѹ꽭ǳϣڵûõġ
ſңۣ꽭ǳŭȻɱ㣡

߿ȸİ꽭ǳ˫Ŀͨ죬ͷųҪۡκ۵꽭ǳĸߣ꽭ǳʼ޷ѡ

ۣΪ屳ҡ꽭ǳ˫Ŀͨ쳯ۺ
ۿŽǳššüͷȻſǳתʩֻ˹ȥ

ֻʩʱŭۣˣ
ͿҪҲõȷ˵ۿڵ

ֻ࿴һۣ۵׶ɡ

ʱǳѾӦǰһѱڵϵȸ
ȸһģ곤뽭ǳƣüȴɢż֮

Ϳǳŵϵ꣬һ۵صû°ɣ
ͿˣвסѪֱȴαסǳɡ

ۡȾҡͿ
һģҪ¡ǳһְڽͿĿڣͳȴ޼¡

Ϳһץסǳ֣ڵ׵ʱ屾ΪҺķ

ǳҲʶһ㣬⼸ǡ׵Ĺؼʱ̣ǰδе΢˵潭ͿˣŽͿ뿪ֻ¶

£ܿͻġǳͿ
ҡͿǺһѪҲĲǸĻ쵰ҡҲȾҡ

ͿĻشǶҪɢˡ
ڽǳʶһһɢۿͲˡ

ͿͿ˯ǳ§ŻĽͿڵۣң
ۿ첽ߵǳߣڵϣڵĻѾ֧ˣǳ

ǳһۣ˫Ŀͨ졣
ʱĽͿֿڵ㡭Ļ𣿡

ᣬһ㣬Ϳסǳڵ
ͿŽǳһ˿˵ɫǳ״α˻

ȻʱǳȴĿһʹʹ̼ȫǳоԼǷ·𶼱˳һ㡣

Բ𡭡ĲͿڽǳߣӿˮڽǳ䣬ѽǳǴıմʪһƬ

ǳĿд廹űסͿƣȴѾͿŷŵĻˡǳ⼸΢ִ׵ĹؼʱڣԼû˿ķ֮

ҪǣҲ뵽Ϳ顣

ֱͿһѽƿǳʶʲô
һ̻һϢĽͿȻûڿնûٶ࿴һۡ

ǳһסصĽǳŷǳĿһƬѪ졣
ͿֱֱķʽĿŵ˽ǳǡ

һУͷǰ
۱ŽǳֻԺһƬհףҪסˡ

ǳ۲ڣһΪͿֱӰѽǳˡ

ǳĿڷߵĽͿϣ񶼲ŷʲô
һ𳤴ֵܣѪŨˮףĻǡ

Ѿˣǳ޷ģǿǽͿƴҪȥסף˴

һߣȸڿն˫᲻ɢɫħ
Ȼߵɲǣһ⸩һצȸڵء

ȸҪȴ˵ϡ
ȸİǰڽǳУǳħ

Ƴǳ峺˫УȻӿħһ
ʱȴŷ˴ɵĺ¡

ۿڣѾǰ˽ǳơ
һְڽǳĿڣ߶Ϊǳˡ

ǳ˫Ŀʧ۵ħ֡

Ҹ˵⼸ղҪΪʲô
ǳʧȥʶȻûش⡣

𣿡ʵ
ħ

Ϳ߽ǳʱ֪Ļ⣬ڽǳһħʹħֱӽ˽ǳĻǡǴǰǳֵܵһǳټǱͿ˵ģ˵̫ˡ

۹ڽǳߣһסǳ֣ͨ˫Ŀһ˲ڽǳϡǳɫ̫԰ˣȥһ㡣

һ޲ǣΪ˷ֹ춯ҵķӡһŵļ䡣𿪿ڵ

һ£һʱû⻰еĺ塣
ŷֵͿ˺һ£ļͣһ̡

ǻΣۿʵ
ΪͿˡ𿪿ڵ

šüƬ̣ʵΪʲôҪôôͿΪͿˣͲѹ𣿡

ѹùͿǣҪ
ۿǳǳ˫Ŀͨ죬ȻɴڷŵһĻУδع

ǳǰ˵Ļڵҡ
ҹܲ޲㣬ֻš

ҡͷһбİ취ҿ԰ˣҵҵĻҲԸһбİ취ܺҡ

屾ͱ鸺ģˣͿ䵽³һȻô۵飬Ҳ忿㡣

㲻ô㲻ôۿڵ
ɲ㡣˵һְڽǳͷϡ

ǳۿڡ
ǳ΢תͷۡ

״һֻԦסۡ

۱ǿסȴɲĵͼŽǳ֣ŭֱ˺Сĺˮ۵źˮȴ·ǳʹİ

ڹλǳǵһж
ͿûȻҲͽͿûκιϵ

ΪʱȱʧǶμ䣬½ǳһֱΪֹԼȽͿŻẦýͿֱһ̣ǳ֪ȫࡣ

ǳֻЩЦôһҪȥȵˣ󼸺Ҫ
Ϊһеۣȴ޹ôꡣ

ȴ֪ȥ˭
ֽͿ

ǹַֻ߸ùԼ

ǳǼ̼˼һʱӲѡ
عǰ꣬ͷմȾħҲһڽǳڿŰ

ǳֳħһʱӿԺ
ôķߺޣ۵Թ֣Ц

ǳ뵽Լγ˵Щбܡ
ǵԼ֪˵ٴҪȡ۵

Ҳ͹Σ˵Լûб
ǱʱĽǳš

ǳԼʱһĻʱۿ񶼻ǵá

ӿǳ۵׵ħԽԽʢ
֪ȥ˭ֻܹԼ

ôԹ֣һͬת˷Լ

ǳ۲ǳְ˽ǳϡ
ǳۣʵ?

ʲôûšüȥˡ
ǳħȴԽԽʢħҪûˡ

룬ǳһڽǳϣȻס˽ǳ
һ˲䣬ǳԺиֳ˹ȥ໭桭

ȶҹУǹ
ʱĽǳ֪˵ĵĻܳΪУ۴ѱǧйˡ

ǳδ۵׿һ˿Թ֡
ΨһһΣҲֻڽǴΣħ

۾쵽˽ǳ˼ƮȻǡ
˴ཻǳħȻȥ

ţǳһ赹ۻ

ݵϡ

ںߣĿ⿴Զĺ档
ͷһԼ֣ȼŻĹâ

ʲôأɢ˵
תͷ˶ԷһۣЦһ

ɢٿ⸱ӣһ£󿪿ڵЦǲס
Ҳû˵ϲ˵ˣ˵ԳЦΡ

Ǵǰɢ⻰Ҫһӣ֪Ϊʲô˵ĻֻﲻԾ̫ˡ

ʲô𣿡ɢЦʡ
ûСҲ֪ʲôʱܻ

㵣ǣɢ˿ڵ
ûеͷҲûҡͷκ󿪿ڵܿסԵħ𣿡

ܲܶԼ컯ɢ˵뿪ʱ㲻ͦĵôֿʼˣ

̾˿Ҳǵġֻǡ
ɢ˿飬пһ£ʵ㲻ǡ

Ӧÿˣܸо˵ٴԦ
ɢĿеϣһס֡

𣬷ʮָۡ

汻˵ˣҪˡ
ɢ۵һ˿ң󿪿ڵжã

֪ҲգҲ졣
ɢ˿Զĺ棬ûֻ۵״һĨ⡣

ǳҰɣ𿪿ڵ
ᡣɢ˵

̫ƶˣǼٵġ
ģƢ˽⡣ɢ˿ڵҲʲôʱȣǲļ䣬һħ

ǳ̫⽭ͿˣôЩκ϶Ǿ޴ġ
οʱĽǳﻹմȾ˽Ϳϵħ

ʱһû̾˿ԭһࡣ

һ˵̫ˣΪ֪Լһ˵࣬ٵĻʲôʱһˣԽԽãֱϵ˽ա

ԭġɢ˵
ҪˡЦһڵȥһ˽ذɡ

ɢһʵʲô
ȥһ۽Ϳ𿪿ڵ

ɢһͻȻʶͿͽǳһҲǷųġ
ĳ˵ǰͿͽǳڷһҪĴڡ

Ϳ˽ǳ£Է˵ֺγǴ
ʱǷס˽Ϳ

һߣͱڡ
ڵԾѾ˺Լһж´ˡ

ȴû뵽ͻȻһħش˽ﻹŻԲѵİ׿ȸ

㡭ôڵ۵ʱĿǾȡ
ֻɢĸ߽ѹħ㽫ѹסˡ

Ū㣬Ѿ˺ܾˡۿڵ
˵գȺڵ񿪿ڣԦ˺ڵ

ڵԴħ֮ԾѾн棬ȴȫ۵Ķ֡
һħһֱŻԵİ׿ȸһͷųһֻɱ۵һ̼˽˺ڵ

ڵû뵽Լʱ

ֹڵһգͱеݱ˸ɾ
Ǽֻǰǳݣ֪ԼǺʱǻġ

ôǣʵ
ڵɱ˹ļʮֻǸóҲ潭Żֶѡ

Ŀۻﱧŵİ׿ȸϣʵôˣ
ʵıʡۿôأ

̯˫֣ڵħ԰ħ
ۿΣЩȵؿڵûħ

ҵħѾҳˡϵʬ
üЭƵְ̧ͷϡ

ôһ˲䣬ʵҲ뽫ɱˡ
֪ɱħ

գ۷Źȥˡ
ݣȴûմȾħܿס۲ʲô¶ˡ

뿪ͱ֮۱Žǳһ˾ǡ
ǳħʱʱ֣ЩģóȻ

ǳƽ˯һһҹһֱûѡ
ߣ̽һ½ǳϵħǳϵħһֱôȶ

ǳ˯ŵʱȴܰ
ɫЩ԰ףƯ۾ţʱĿȥˣԵЩ˳

۶ŽǳһĿʶ˽ǳСϡ
ԺȻһͷ˴ǰǳǸҪ󡭡

ǳŵ񶼻ûء
ˣ΢̲ס̧̽˽ǳС

Сͷų̽ǳڡ
ʱ˽ǳʲô

һȻֻ֡
̧ۿǳǳζؿ

ۣ




52.  ֧   ҪҪ

Žǳ, ż飬·Լʲô˵Ƶġ
۲콭ǳȴǳ۵ײûŭ֮ɫֻǿĿЩİ

ǳļָ, ȻֻôССһƬ, ȴı˺ܶ顣
۲֪ζʲô, ܸоǳĿ, ʹǰһ, ͷԶ˵ʲô

𣿡ǳһ顣
Ŀ, ҡҡͷ

ǳƬ̣ڵѡ
Žǳһ, Ѿо۵̽

ûСۿڵ
ûʲôǳֵ

ĿڽǳСϣڵûе, ǰƭҡ
˵⻰ʱ۵ħ֣ƺΪȶ

ǳ⸱ɫĵûɱ˼ھΡ
и֣ǳǿǷжȻ˲١

ڹҡǳ̲סָü䣬޳ĵָ, ϸġӢüۣǶʮСġ

̧ۿ۵׵ĿȾȶȡ
Ȼ̧ץס˽ǳֻ֣û, Ҳ㡣

ѡǳڵ
Ȼ۵״żаͻȻսǳڵȻ㻹һŸҡ

ǳ΢ڵôҪ
ü, ʵô

ǵһŵ˵ҲǸ⣬ǿŵ۸˹ȻǸ˵ģ뽭ǳǲǸĴڰˡ

һΣΪǳ˵ڶŵʱʵ˸ˡ
Ե֪ǸԵʱ۲ûöʧΪȥֽǳ

ǳôʱȴŽǳڵҪ
⻰˵ڵʱĵ˼ڴ·Ҫڽǳ֤ĳЩͺǳһӦҪ󣬾͵ڴӦܶ顣

ĵ׵ħڽǳǰû侲˼⡣

Ҫǳյ۶ߣϢļµ¶ȣ۱ǳߵԼһš

۵аһ漴סǳһǳѹϡ
ӸµؿŽǳĿԽǳƯüһ·£˽ǳıϡ

˵ġۺһң㳯ǳȥ
ǳûжǺס۵Ĵ꣬ͷҧһ¡

Ѫζ۴Ĵ֮䡣
ǳͷųҪѹסۣȴǵ۵ħӿ֮Ҳ

ǳһۡ
ЩֱؿסǳʱȴǳɫЩԡ

ǳ˿Щǳšüͷɫ԰ֽͷҲ߳亹

һֵסǳƣͼԼԷʱŲǳڵĻϴ춯ǳ˿ЩؿĿǻȻʹ֮ɫ

ǳǰȱǰ꣬Ƿ޲˻ǣýǳʱָǳǰص֮ԭ޲ĻǱ㱻ǰˡ

ֻǣûз˵ػŻˡ

ǳôԼǿｭǳסǣϾ޷ȣԽǳĻȻʱָƽɫȴɺܲ

û¡ǳһЦҪҪ
һ۵һ˿㵣ܿ췴Ӧ˹ǳԼ

˿Ŭƽ۵ӿħ§ŽǳԼ
һνǳûǾƿϡ

վͶݵɡۿڵ
ǳӦһ󿪿ڵھٿ

Щ⣬ʵʲô
ʲôСǳ

ЩãȻ֪ǳΪʲôͻȻ֮ĵطôȤûоܾҲһʱ̣ǳ뿴ɡ

۱Žǳƽȥ˾֡
ǳڽͷ۵״һĨӵɫ

ιǳڡ
תͷŽǳʵ㵱ΪʲôҪĵط

ϲۿڵ
ǳתͷĿż̽

Ϊ˾ȽͿ۵ĴȻͿɱסˣǾٶȴԶ׼ظ첲ա

Ǽ֮۱ûٻعĵط
뿪壬ֲȥֻѡĵط

طҲͦϲǳͻȻڵ
һЩ⣬ǳᲽһҾ

ǳȥ֮Ҫ˾Ʋˡ
۱Աߣ˾Ʋ֮󣬰ｭǳԼ˾ơ

ûֹ𣿡ǳžƱڵ
ۿڵʹöˡ

һֱ˵ʵǳ˵Žľƺˡ
룬ڵֹ֡

֣ǳʵ
ȥ˽ǳǵľգ۵״һĨ⣬ȴûڡ

ǳ˿ʵҡ
˵ֶס˻ͷ֪뵽ʲô΢΢Щ죬ͷĻ˻ȥû˵

۾ôڽǳߣŽǳźСơ
󣬼ǳĿ⽥ŨŰס˽ǳ֣׼ٺˡ

ʲô볯˵𣿡ǳһ⳯ʵ
ۿ۵ǳ磬󿪿ڵ˵

ǳ۵һ˿ʧȴûټ֡

ʵţЩڴۻᳯ˵Ǿ仰ÿ֮ʱ۶ᳯ˵Ǿ䡣ǳûһӦ۵ģһΣǳ룬֣ͽˡ

ϧһΣȴûٿڡ

գǳ۱뿪˾ǡ
úǱȥݵĴ

ǰǻĴһֱûݵڸۿڵء

˴֮󣬽ǳһֱġ

ÿնҪסǣǳķһֱʵʵţǵû춯Ҫ鷳

һΣδˣǳϣʵ
۵һƣԱ㽭ǳܸſԼſڵڵʱ򣬾Ͳôˡ

ǳͷ۵״żЦ⡣
ۼǳԼǰŽǳĶͷǵز˲䡣

ǳһ˼ʱЩƮ

ܶǰ֮һֱô׽ġ

Ǹʱ򣬽ǳƢûô۾Ҳֵֻ̫̫ᷭʱŻԱһ·ǷҲΪܣһ㡣

ǻ֮󣬷޲˻ǣԽǳӰ죬ƢҲűࡣټȱʧǣĿϣͲƳǰӦ֡

Խǳط֮ϲ֮һǳ۷Ƣ

ھǣҼʱǲǾҺףǳͻȻڣʵ
𣿡üǳ뵽˽ǳΪһЦץԴԺʯˣûס

Ȼط֮Բýǳ̫ףҲûԵɵġ

һΪ֮ǰãڹŽǳҹĶ
ǳƢжԹˡ

ΪЩһֱԴ˵жôĲƤĻ˵

м飬һֱͦġۿڵ
ǳüһ֪ΪԤеҪʵӦòʲôû

ʲôʱ˵ҪҵƤҵĽģۿڵ
ǳֳһ˿Ρ

ͿǼ飬ȷʵЩԹ֣浽ҪƤĵز֮ԻֻʵЩͼӴ׵ζ

ǶӣǳǸձ޲ã˵һֱӰŽǳǶʱڱú׷ꡣ

ǳǲһżȻۡ
ǳʱѾܾûжԷϢˣʹ׷һ䡣

ǳʵʶ˽ǳһ䣺ۺ죿
졣ǳ˵ձƵĿڣĩ⻰Уǵ÷𲻿죬æֲһ䣺г𡣡

⻰һȥ֪ôͳ˵Ǹӡ
ǳԼҲǵԼԭô˵ˣöˣ⻰ͳ˰϶

ǳ˸򴬲ͷ
Ŀ⿴ȥڵܿҪˡ

˵Ϳʶ𣿡ǳͻȻڵ
ϵðɣҶʶô᲻ǵ㡣ۿڵ

ǳԼħļΣûҵʲôõһֱҲò׼Ϳʲô˼

ȡǣǲǾͻǳʵ
͸ˡۿڵΪʱ׵Ĺؼʱֱ̣ӽǶͽɱˡ

ǳǸʱ̫ˣȡմȾħǺ󣬿»ԳܣΣԷŻѡｭǳ޲ǣͬʱѽͿӡݵĽء

ԽͿܻ֮ڣҲȷΪǳǵԵʡ

ڵۿʵ
ǳšüͷû˵ļָ̫ͻȻʱսǳûԼ˼

Ϳ׽֮һѪŨˮףǳΪϧԼףȴֶǣǷ뷨޲ĻǣǳǸʱһġ

ǳ̲סĵͿǸʱЩ
Է֪֪ܾԼ

ǲ֪ĻͿʱľٶɱ˽ǳ

ôѾҪˡǳڵǵʱҺ־ͶˡǳΨһźľǣΪһͿôĽ١

ͿҸĵ𡣡ǳڵ
ǵ˵Ҫˡ

ʲôɵĵġ۵һ˿ħڵҲ
ǳδ쵽۵̾˿ΪͿǶӣһֱҡǸʱ׺׾˵˵Ҫˣ֪Ϊʲôһֱȵڡ

ǳ֪飬ǲǿԿƵġ֪ǸʱˣǾû취ڵģֻʱոսײãټϻǲȫʧȥ˷ıӻ֪

׺˵֮ñȴǰǿǳڵ˭Ҳ֪ʲôʱٴγ֣һ֮󣬻һ֮󡣡

ζţ֮󣬽ǳܲٴμԷǸδ֪

ôۿڵ
ҵȻǳתͷۣ㽫۵ħӿһ

ۿŽǳڵô࣬Ϊ˽Ϳô궼Ų£ǷˣǲҲһ궼֣һ

⻰˽ǳʹָ֮ھεΪʧȥǶμ䣬ôꡣ⻰ڳߡ

ǳ֪ΪħӰ죬Ż˵ⷬ
Ҳ֤۲ûйֹ

ôܲ

ҡǳۣ볯ͣȴ֪ôӺ˵
ʱԶʣȻһƬĹâǷݵķ

ǳͬʱתͷȥ

ʲôǳ
šüǴȻʶʲô

𡭡ǳܵװϣǺǴʢԷ

ôô죿ǳ૿ڣû˫ҪݵķȥȻԼڻǲȫȻ߶ܲס

δ봬壬

ǳǰסǳǳȴסݵķҪϷȥĻǶʱ˾ҵ춯ϳ

һֵڽǳϣһ߰һߵǳ㻹ңˣ㻹ңһһֱ㡣

ǳ۱ţ岻סﴫ֮

Žǳƣĵħӿ
һ̣һѽǳڴϣһеȥ

ǳһ£һѽǳƿ
۵ħӿһϡ

ǳۣ
۾ӸµؿʵΪʲô

֪˿ԼħǼȴƲסطӿҪûˡ

ħסʡ
ΪʲôǳǻΪʹ

ǰΪ˽ͿΪ˷

̲סɣԼڽǳûһλã
ڣǳҲôʧ

Ϊ˽Ϳôáۿڵ
ֻѡǺ㡣ǳڵ

ǳۣˮӿԽ۵ļٴοԶݵķȴһٶŭƵģһ°ͣǿȽǳԼ

ΪʲôҵʵΪΪңŻһֱҡ

뵽ǳǰڷǰַӦ۵ħԽԽʢ
ǳģб޴۵ģĲǣڵħ޴۱һԹֺͼʡ

ǳۣڵǡ
ΪʲôǣһʱЩ˵

Ϳ飬ȷۺܾãǹԹȴǺޡ
ϸ˵ĸ

ǳԼⱲƺǶ۵ġ
ѽͬľٶڱϣŽǳǻۣͲһˡ

仰˵ȽͿǰ׺ףǳͲȥ׺׵
ǻۣǳ̲סҪ

ָ񡭡˴һ˲ͬڴҪ
ΪڴױԷǣҡ

÷ݣžǡͷ

ֹһ˵֡ͷ˱÷ҲÿЦǳžǴͷİɣ




53.  ֧   ú÷

ǳ, ˼ӿ
װ˺ЩȻ˿ģһ䶼˵ֻһ˫вˮ

ǳƽһ佾ģ, ٿ, żʱ, Խۡ
ְｭǳȥ, ﾾ, ȻǳȴֹסƵ, ԽԽࡣ

ޡҪޡ̲סȥǽǳĴַֹסǳĿ, Ȼȴͽ޹

ħӰ£Ϊ, һʱ֮ѹ֪Լʲôֻƾ豾ܱŽǳǣ·ֱֻּӵķʽĵ׵ĲͿն

˿̵۾һֻʧȥ˷Ĵһ㣬ڲӿĺײ˵Ѱҷ, Ի١

ǳѹίЩ۵ΪʲôҪôʵЩ۱ħء

۵ǽȡ, ŽǳڴϣҪʧء
ǳͽ͵ţʵҪѡ

㲻Ҫҵ𣿡Ǳˡ
Ҫˡǳ˵ٴӿ˳

۵ħӿŽǳʱʧصҰ޶Լ, ˿̵Ľǳǲȣ˿ûзأֻؿۣĿίѹ

ʱԶͻȻһ
˵Ľ쳹ʣž޴ѹ

۱Ӱ죬۵׻ָ˶ݵ˫ĿͨĽǳʶԼʲôʱ˰պ޴롣

ʱĽǳĿ⿴Ǵĺڷ֮Ȼȥڷ˵ľ޴ѹ̼ʧˡ

𡭡ǳڣ΢
ںʧ˲䣬ǳڲдķҲ֮ʧڳʧȥ˷Ӱ죬Խ

ǳ۾쵽˽ǳЩ޴ؿ
ǳȴֻ죬ؿһۣʧȥʶ

ħȥԦڽǳĿڣͼｭǳסĻǣȴ޼¡

ǳɫԽԽ԰ףܿƵػ
ŬҪסȴʼղ÷

ڴܿ͵ݵ
˿̣ɢںߣĿʡ

Ѿɢ̼Ѱټˡ
ĿȴڷʧĵطͣãֱۺͽǳĴջߡ

ɢ˴ϵ˽ǳ״ֱ۰ѽǳ֮
ǳ״ǳ̲סôԴԴϵɢɾ

֪˵ǻļʱǲʱɢһְڽǳͷϣ̾˿һ̣ôټһ桭

һԣ۵ħ֡
ɢƳһۣڵֻʱǧң˲壬ǰˡһ˿ɸ㲻ϹҵСȸ£ݹʧ֡

Ҳ֪ǲ⻰Ч۵׵ħȻһֱûȥԱʱȴΪʵʲôҶû

£ɢ˿һ۵ɫʵ
ĿһֱڽǳϣԿڵΪһֱںҡ

Ŷɢüۼ˵ȥ
ۿڵ˵ûУֻҵ

ʲôãɢ˿ڵ
ҴδۿڵܷףѵļУֻȥȽͿѣôꡣ

벻ͨǳΪʲôԼôдЩί

˼ôȷ˻ɢ̲סҡҡͷ
۲⣬ɢˣԷȴ˫Ŀʼרʩûٳ˵ʲô

ɢ˰ｭǳʱס˻ǣ޷Էｭǳ޲ǡڽǳڵҲŻǱסˣûټ

û°ɣۿʵ
ʱû¡ɢ˿ڵҿʱҲˣѺһħ

ĿڽǳϣڵħǷ𡣡
ǰɣҲȫǡɢ˵

ʲô˼ʵ
ǳħΪͿġɢ˿ڵǸʱΪֹȥȽͿýͿΪˣֹ㣬侲֮ҲֹΪ˱

ԽǳϹۣȴȥ޶Է
֮Իħŷ˵Եʡɢ˵

Ǹʱ޼壬Ϊ½Ϳûԭ򣬶Ѳ˸ϵʱĽǳֻΪ˽ͿԹ壬ȻؾԼҲԷһԹ塣

ϾͿѪŨˮֵܣȴ֮֡

ǳ÷㣬ԼҲ㡣ɢ˵
ȷʵҡۿڵ

ɢʧЦ۵״һĨͣӣ㣬罫ɱˡСȸһӣϲķǣԽϲԽҪɱҪеġ

СȸĿڲһԲŻɢ˵㣬ҲԼ

ԽǳħǷʵֻǽ𵱳һ澵һ㣬Լһ壬ȴõìձħ

ϸ˵ħ޷Եġɢ˵

ۿŽǳ˹䡣

ط󣬽ǳȷʵһֱɱģϸǳδ˺һδΪˣ

½ǳ˹һΣһҲǳڽǳı⡣
ǳһδεķ

ǳ뿪ĵһ죬ס۵ļҲǽǳڹ֮Ψһס۴δϸ£ʶԭǳʼѾֳ׽

ʲôǱȺסͬһ¸׽ľٶأ

Щ£۲žǳôκ
ԼδЩǳС˼

ۿŽǳֻһľۡ
СȸôȴΪ˵ز

ʶԷΪʲôûλá
뵽ڴʱǳķ裬۱յغ޲ôԼһ١

Ҳѹֽǳ

ǳԺ˯˺ܾá
ֻԼĻǱһ㣬ڲ춯۵Ϣ

ֱǱһסǸܲԺתЩ

˯Ѽ䣬ǳ۾ԼһþС
þУǳ˷ʱӡ

ɫԷŷ塣
ǳ첽Էȴ˷ֻܸž뿴ŶԷ

𡣡ǳڻ
ڵò

ӦЩġǳЩھεص
룬ԼЩ˵ܼԷһ档

ɫЩӣе㶼֪ˣǲǺܺң
ǳסҡͷ۾죬ȴ˵

ԺңҲԹңҲ֪ˡ𿪿ڵ
˵ţĻԽԽŨңҪɡ

ǳʵܱܲߣ
Ǹ壬ѾҪˡ𿪿ڵ

ǳסҡͷġ
˵Ǹһ㣬ǲһġ

ȻȴûĻֻ͸ŨҵĺɫŽǳ㻯ɻķԭڿնڿзһ̶ɢ١

𣡡ǳҪŷʧķȥȴǱˤڵء

ʱ̧ۣȴԼصƽ۵ļС
˿̣У۵С

ڵѪӿ˳˽ǳϣǳһĻĿ޴롣

ԲҲǳ۵ħ
۵Ѫȵ¶ȣ˳ϣǳѩ׵ȾһƬ

û㣬ûСǳ۵ħӿ
ʱȴְ˽ǳմѪֱϡ

ǳۿڣᶨ֪㲻ǹġ

ǳ۽ڵгŽǳָԼĿڵ˿ϡ˿ڽǳĴ½ϣָ

㿴ˡ۵״Ц⣬ֲ̧ȥ˽ǳᡣ
ǳָֻԭ˴ĿдЩѹ

ʱǰٴγ˷Ӱ
һΣֻǸӰʵ

ˣǳԶԷ¶ɫϵҲƵĿ˻ȥ

ߡһĿתۡ
κ󣬷𣬶۵һЩĪҪĲ㡣

һ䣬ǻӰʧˡ
ǳ߽ģһ㣬ۻ

þ⡣
ɢջ˰ڽǳϵ֡

Ŀ⿴ĳﻹдŷոɢȥĻӰǷǰģΪǰɢǳħ

ɢ˶Ǵ˰Σ۵һ˿Ȼ

۱ŻԵĽǳڵħѾˣ
šɢ˿ڵΪħĸ֣ȴǡ

ɢĿ⿴ǳЦСȸȷʵˣצʵ򵥴úܣħôöԸ

ｭǳħɢΪҪࡣ
ǳֻ߽״ħȴǿҡ

ҲΪʲôǴħİѾĻںϣһ·ħȴҲĲۣԴϴδӽس֮ħһֱݣʱʱͻʧء

Ϊʲôˣ۲ʵ
Ϊ.̫̫࣬ȴԾáɢ˵

ۿǳ۵ħɻ֮ȥ
ɢ̾˿ڵϢһ˵ɣտСȸ

ɢ˵ɱ㳯ȥͻȻʲôڳɢ˵ıӰʵأ

ɢһ£һŵˡ
˵ֻߵĳ䣬ͷĽȡǸװŵĳ

ۿǿŵ뿪ݵǰһ

ԭ÷ˡɢЩźҡҡͷҺ÷˷ϡ
ɢ˵ţ۵ָһ˿Ц⣬ʲôȤƵġ

̲ס̾˿ڵ㻹Ϊɡ
˵գɢ˱뿪ˡ

ǿʧõĵٿԲѵĽǳһʱζӳ¡

һߡ
ɢ뿪Ǵ󣬵ͷͽҢӭ

ʦɫáҢ翪ڵ
ɢ˵һЦڵ޷

ҽտʹ˵ħƺЩ֡Ң翪ڵ
ԭţ˾һ֮Ǻˡɢ̾˿һʲôˣΪҡ

ɢ˵̲ס̧ۿһյķƺѰʲôȻϿһһ˿ƲʶûС

ػ䣿Ң翪ʵ
ɢ˭֪أͻˣ

ͷĻû˵ȥҢĿƲ⣬ǴŻǸܾõʱ䡣

ʹħô죿Ңʵ
ô죬ֲܵûͷɢ˵ֻðһˣһһ㶯ְɡ

ҢЩĵصˣΪʦ˶ûС
ʲôɢƳһҢ

Ң쵽Լʧԣæ졣

ŵ㱪ӣϽɢ˿ڵ
Ңһʵʦֻȷٶ֣

һɢ˿ڵʱܷĶûУ
ɢ˵ȻѾ͸ˣ̾˿Ҵˡ

ǳա
ѹʱǡҹ

ǳۻ˱ģİϡƶ˶צӰ֧壬ٲȻǱ׼ġơ

ʱôãǿŵûƿǡǳһЩȣ漴뵽۲ڣû˷ǵȻ޷ƿǡ

ǳһͶ룬û˷䡣

ǳԺУͷտһ뵽Ѿ֪ʱбЩѹһ뵽ʵʵģвЩο

ǳԺдһҹɫȥ˽ء
üˣǰһֱ֪ͷħ˭

ָ֪ͷħǽͿζЩӡ

ԥһ˲ǳᲽ˽ء
ҹƽʱ谵

ǳڵħѾɢɾˣٴħʱб㲻ˡ

ͿǳǺĶǰڵ
ͷħʱ춯Ӷڴ̽˰塣

յȸħմȾͨڣʮİ

ļڻָˡħ￪ڵ
ҵǣõĿɻϰߣǳ

ħЦһڵôȥˣ
ԭˡǳڵ͸뵽һա

ǷһӡңԽƾһ֮ⲻӡһǵĽơħ￪ڵ㲻֪ɣ

ǳҽֻ뿴㡣
ʲôħʵ

˵˵ϻ˶ֵտԽʡ㹦򡣡ǳ
ħ˽ǳе䵭ЦĹʹˣ

ΪҪʹǳʵ
Ȼأħ¶һĨЦʵ׽ʱ򣬲֮°ɣԲʹ

Ϳǳڣ˶Է
ȻħЦ

ǳ˿ʱЩȻζ

ΪԼʽͿԹֽͿɵͿǧټҪŭԼʱ򣬽ǳȴʮƽŭⶼ

⼸ҹŽǳ
һţһ߻ŵЩƣ

û뵽ҹһǳͲˡ
ۻǲɢҴҳ˷ţȴԺײ˽ǳ

ǳƳ۵ֵħüʵҹú÷ʲô

ۣ




54.  ֧   һš

ۿŽǳ, ·𱻽ǳͻʻסˣʶתط
ܿعŲһ٣ٴת˽ǳ, Ŀżֲεȡ

ǳħѳ, ѡ
Ϊ̫, һ, ̲ס۳ʱӡ

֪۲˺Լ, ǳٻЩɵۡ
, ħʹ£ʲô鶼ó

㡭ǳ, ȱ¶˼ֽš
˽ǳе۵Խ¶˼Σյζ

ߵǳ, һԲ͸ħ
ǳЩؿۣ۴Լͳǿŵ

û뵽žûš

ǳ˷ûüúÿŵأ״ֱȥǿŵȻȴĿڽǳ˳ָϣȻ̧һֻ, ס˽ǳ֡

ĴŹ̵⣬ǵýǳ̲סҪ֣ȴץøЩ

ȥĶˣۿʵ
ǳһԽԺŪˡ

žѯ, õתƻ⣬û뵽ȴѹûϵ

Ҳһ¡˵Ŵս˽ǳڽǳᡣ
δǳֵĺڽǳ, ǵýǳЩ졣

ȥͿˡ۲δѯʣǿ϶ص
ǳǴ̷Ƕڳģմ˵ĺˮζ

ȥϵĺˮζһ塣ǳ˵ᲽԶȥ
ϵעĶǻˮ峺ˬеغ

ǳݵͷ̾һ
֪һֱԼȴֻװ֪ȴš

۵Ŀڽǳϣʵһ㣬ǳڡ
ǳܸо϶Щ߰ͷˡ

ǳЩΣΪħӰ£ʲôҲãҲգûɵķ꣬ͳһͷ

·ֻҪ飬۵õй

ǳɣ⵽ǲı£
Ͳ

ǳڵ
ԭһֱԱء

ǳȵĿһ£ʶȴٶ̼۵ħٴοʼӿ·ʱʧƵġ

ǳתһ۵עȡǿŵһǿŵ
ֱãŵˡ

ǳ궯Ѱڽǳʱ̲סǳ
ǳҲܸо͸һΣյϢ

ǳеۣħӰǺܷ裬ϣͿƲסȶʱǳǿܽѵúܣ̶ֳܽȵķ񡭡

ǳ۽ڳرʱڵ
۶һͣȻʵЩûټ

ǳǾ仰ѣϸĥȴĬ۵ľٶһ㡣
仰˵δֹֻۣ۱ŵ

Ǵ۷Ӧ֮󣬱˶յǳһ¡
ǳһ۵Ŀ㲻Щ롣

ǳ˼ϣԼʵô
ֻ֣ѵ״̬£۹ڷľٶ̹Ȼܡ

ɢ˵Ļ˵ǣķǡ

ǳһŽǳһŽǳС
ǳﻹǿŵ󱳱صĳرϣԾЩѵûţššü

۶һֱͣӰѽǳŵԼϣûбľٶ
ǳһ죬֪뵽ʲô۸ߵԸԳˡ

ǳ
Ȼ֪˵ʲô

쵰ӣ

ҽͿ˵ʲôߵʵ
ǳû뵽飬ڵû˵ʲô

ҧһ£ǳ۵˻һڵֻɱʲô˵ģˡ

˵ʲô۲ĵص
ǳ֪еţǼ⣬ǲֻԽԽ裬ң˵Һ㡭ߵĻǳЩ˵ڡ

۴Ųµʲôʵ˵ʲô
ǳۣӵоǵЩգ֮¡

۶Žǳ˰Σʵôί𣿡
ǳ룬е㲻֪ôش𡭡

ǰһֱλôִţеħԵʡ

ʱǳЩ黹ôȴԵ˵ֻǿĹϵвܾϣµСġ

ʱĽǳδ飬ĻȻҲ޴ж϶ԴºУѾıĿ֪ǿûϵʱ֪һʱȴѸı䡣

ʧһֱԽͿڻԼǿһЩ˵ܾȳͿԽǳһֱϣԼһֻǿȥ뱣һС

ˣЩнǳһֱᶨΪԼҪһֻϵ

֮Զ۰ⶾ鷴ӦôһΪ۴˽ǳһֱļ֣۵ȷȽǳҪǿǳڰ֮໹˲ΣС

ϾбڵֹȥȽͿĻ棬ǽǳج֮һ

㻹ҵۼش𣬿ڵ
ǳع˿ϣʱЩӸ£ؿ۵ֵħ

Ǹ쵰ǳ˵մ۴һ¡
һ۵Ⱦһ˿Ц⡣

һ̣̲ס뵽ˣͿҲˣǳֻʣˡħӰļʺռ

ֻ޲ֻͽǳźء
ôţ§Žǳֱ۱㲻һ

ǳƿЩššü۵״Щ𱸡
ǳﻹһֱǿŵء

ۿŵ뵽ǳŵʱСӣٿǰĽǳʱԴֵĿ⣬۵ħ

ǳ쵽ʲôȻƿۣһŵصۣʲô
۵ԻָЩǳĿŵպͺ¡

Ҳе㾪ȣԼðͷ

󣬽ǳطʱſûȥ
ǳݺŷûȥ뽫нȥЩġ

ô裬ǳܽܡ
۶ǳҲǿ

۷¶Ǹͷȴʵŵǳˡ
ǳʶ۵ħҪµĶࡣ

һ磬ǳȥɢһˡ
ɢ˼ɫǰôԷЩ

ǳһɢˣ뵽˴ǰС˸糯ԼԵǷһЩʧ

ϸȥȴɢֻ۵ЩȻľûرԷЩ

ǳԭʶԷʲôʱܻϸһ룬ɢҲδ֪𰸣˵ôһʻͽǶԷģˡ

ôѵûˣɢ˿ǳŻ˳Щȡ
ǳ̾˿ǰ۵ɢ˵ˡ

ɢһšüͷ

ڲˣƲס裬ˡǳЩĵص
ɢ˳Ƭ̣ڵҵϵħȽϼ֣ˡ

ʱڽس֮󣬷ͼ۵ħʧˡ
ɢƲ⣬ΪǳļûлָħŻô֡

ԭΪǳļָ֮ò˶۵ħӦñˡǳô˵ԷħûԻȴǰˡ

𣿡ǳ
˵ɢҲЩ벻ͨ

ǳ룬ʵܲһԣ֮ħ
óȻ֣δָɶɢ˿ڵ

ǳʣԼ֣аգ
ûСɢ˵ǡ

Ƿûͺˡ
ɢ뵽˴̲ס̾˿

óȻ֣ǳɹ˵ãһʧܱˡɢ˿ڵħ̼ԽԽԿơ

ǳǰ۴ӽس֮󣬻ղųˡԺħƺͱȴǰˡ

ֻܵȡɢ˵տ˽ǳһֵֻۣǡҲð죬ܰסǣȴײ˵ֻ¶ס̫á

Ȱȡأǳڵ
̫ðգۿܻʧءɢ˵

ǳ뵽ϴڽ۱ħӰı֣ʱͷ

Ϊֻ֮Сɢ˿ǳڵֻпˡ
ңǳ

ɢ˵ħԴ㣬ֻܿƣҲֻܰҵħĹؼ˵ˡ

ħĹؼǳһ˼⣬ⲻЩ졣
뵽ΨһֻǸ֪ܲܿƣġܲһֱɣδЩ̫ˡ

ǳԽԽþȣĵֿʼۻ쵰

а취𣿡ɢʵ
ǳ֧֧Ƭ̣ԺһȻһ¡

ǰһ飬Ҳס۵ħǾǽǳƭ˵Լ˵ʱҪס۵ħֻǸٻһŵ

ǳеƣȴʵ벻ķӡƬ̣ͷһӲÿƣܲʱضú׽׼ɣ

׵İ취Ȼٻһŵ
ٻһŵҲôð顣

ϴڽУôΣҲûа

뵽ΨһķӣٻһŵǳڵϴƭһŵźüգħδҲΪơ

ǳָ֪ǿŵڣ˴ϾͿʼԽǳˡ

ð찡һɢ˵
ôסǳε˵ġ

ɢ˳¶һصЦݣҩ
ʲôҩǳһؿ

ɢ˿ڵ㻳ϵ
ǳһ𾪵ôֶ

ǰ򰡣ֶ𣿡ɢ˿ڵ
ǳЩ¶̫˼ֱ

Ƭ̣ɢ˱ȥȡһֻľϻľϻȡһ赤ҩ

¡ɢ˽ҩݸǳ
ǳšü赤ҩڵⶫǸʲô׼İɣ

⻰ɱϹ˵ҿûֵӡɢæ͵
ǳɵشɢ˰Σ֪뵽ʲôЩ֡

ԲԣԻҡɢ˵
ǳջ˼ԥ˰Σǿŵҩȥ

ɢ˼˵ҩ̲סЦЦڵ㵹ʹ졣
ŵѡǳڵǴǰȻǰٰ㲻ģĽѾ⿪һµҲǰôųˣο¹غ۵ħ

۷ǳֵ

ɢüֿڵññ֪˷ֻ±㲻ǣˡ

šǳ˵ͷֵŵô죿
ֻ»¼ɡɢ˵ħеĲ¼ɺͲλѰ˶Ҫ࣬ʱǨ

ǳҲЩĵ˵ħ󣬻ͷ³һ㡣

գǳֻֽǿŵˡ
˶ԲߣԼӦ˳סۡ

ɢ֮󣬽ǳ㿴ſڡ
۵״żַ겻Ӧͷãȴûнȥ

䱻ħӰ죬󲿷ʱѵģԶµ˽ǳ⡣
Ҫٵǿŵ뷨ºԼҲܺ¡

Խǳ潫иɢˣ۾ҲǺ¡
һ˺ǿŵһ׷Ī

šǳߵߣʾ֣ǿŵַŵ
һЩȵؿǳʵ㲻һᡭ

ʲôǳƳһۣ۵״һĨԴ٬Ц⣬ڵһűǡ

ۣ
վԭطӦ˰Σʶǳ˵ʲô

˻棿ʵ
ǳʵ㲻㽫ΰɣ

ȻᡣСʵ㷽˵
Щ죬ǳĿż˵¶ȣǵýǳ޲۾

ǳһ·û˵ֱס
۸һ·Ŀû뿪ǳ

ǳ˷䣬һֺţһֱֻǣס˽ǳ
ǳĿоһ漴֪뵽ʲôϿʼЩ졣

㷽˵Ļ𣿡ۿʵ
ǳûлر۵Ŀ⣬ǿŶԷڵ㲻⣿

⡣˵źЩ.١
ǳ۵һ˿Ц⣬ס۵۾ס

оҪӦ֮ʱǳߵҵĻ
áۺ΢Ӧ

ǳһ۾ϣֵҲ㶯Ͳܶҿɾͷˡ
۵˵ͷһҲû

ǳʵûܿסֻۣ԰ˡ
Ȼ˾ٻǲ̫ܷۡ

ǳСǿŵۻȡŵһԡ
ǰס۵ĴʶӦ˽ǳľ棬סˡ

ŽǳԽԽ룬ۼζЩ಻סӦ˿ȴѵռϷ硣

ǳãһ۵۾Ƶ齱ߡ

𷢷裬ȻĻǳӸ¶۵
۷ߵַ̧£ֻ΢΢˲Լ




һʱ
۱ǳϳӡ

һ޹֪Լʲô
ڣǳһա

ûһί֪ǳΪʲôͻȻˡ
ǳŭΪʲôûСߣ

һسǳЦЦЦЩ
ڵʵ⵰ģҲûϵ᲻ܿࡣ

ǳԸ׽ʲôҪ

ǳ






55.  ֧   쵰Ѱ

ǳֱҪˡ

ԭúúõ, Ϊ˺ۣǡ伫ڳⱲӶеֻ̬Ϊ˺۹ԹԾͷ

˭֪ǰͷһж˳˳, Ψһ, ۾ءͷ
ǳԽԽ, ֱ޲ý۾һ, һΡ

ɷŽǳΪ˴Ŀ, һʱ, һ̲ͷšʱ֮һΣֻҲûٴˡ

ǳСʱ, ŭȥ
侲֮۷Ǿ仰, ֲӿһ˿

ûԸǾٶȴȫΪ˽ǳ
ϴγǳ˵ȡ˾ýǳУû뵽ġ

ǳˣȴǵá

, ǳбЩˡ
ߵſڴ򿪷ţſڣû뿪

ǳţ۱̧Сǳ, żֲ
۵ɴħʱ˿Խǳʱ̬ȣȴʮֿơ

ǳһӣĵ˼֡

ǳڵ
Խ, û˽Ŵϡ

ò׼ǳԭҲѯʣһ߹۲Žǳɫһߵ齱ߴšκžӦҵ㻯˱ӣʼϷ

ǳеŭԭòˣһ⸱޹ֺõģʱ̲סЦˡ
ۼǳǹЦ⣬һŷ

ǳߵ齱£ӱԴϲ˲䡣
ǳ˳˳ӵëڵ㷽⣬ǲ͵͵ֹˣ

ûСæ
ǳ۲ɫڵϲǰ𣿡

һ漴Ӧ˽ǳ˵ʲô
ΣĿƿŽǳڵϲ

½ǳţֿڵ׽ôҶϲġ
ǳ˵ö΢΢Щ죬쵰ⷽ浹ǰ㲻ڶûС

ڷţǳ˵ҪһֱûҶȴû˵ЩýǳȵĻ

Ҫ𣿡۶Žǳʵ
ǳƳһۣʧЦ㲻һء

һ䣬ǳʶⷽȷʵôۡ۰ⶾЩӣҹæҲû¶ƣ

ôһ룬һʱ˵治¶
۵Ĵǳ뵽۽ⶾʱı֣úҲ⡣

ĵĵЩˡ
ˣǳȴһεˡ

ϾɢǵҩЧάֶãǹ˽ձʧЧˣ˷ˣ

ۡǳһֱϣ޳ָͷ˼¡
Ѹٲ׽⣬شսǳȥ

˫֮ʣͣһ˲ʵĿ𣿡
˵أǳǰ۵Ĵǣڵһ

Ե⣬¿ڵҲ
ǳ̲סʧЦ۵½ߵǣһ㲻ܡ档

ʶ˵ͷ΢ͣʶʲô
Žǳʵ롭һŵ

㲻𣿡ǳʵ
㡭תʵΪҵħ?

ǳĿ΢û뵽˼·һ͵Ŀġ

šǳڡ
ȴָһ㣬ڵûϵҶס

˵ٴ˽ǳϡ
.ۺܿռҲʼ÷

ǳһֵţڵ衭
֪һسǳһЦȻ

˵գȽǳӦ۱ԥؼǸǡ



ͬʱ
ɢµĽƲϴ춯

춯̫ԣ˺ԽԽǿҡ
ܿ죬춯㴫˵ϵط

üͷ΢šȻתͷ˴ķ
ǳãȻʵôˣ

ǽشġ۵
ǳڵܲȲܣ

ۿŽǳԥһ˲ڽǳһ£ֱ

ǳЩƣۿڵǻڽء
˵ձ㻯ɱģ㳯Žصķɱȥ

ǳһΣֻûûҲȥ

⣬ɢ˺͵ϵڵӶˡ
νش춯̫ң˶ΪģŲԼͬǰ鿴

ɢ˿ǳ֮üһ䣺ԸԳ𣿡
ʻãһʽǳƵúܣڵʱܲ˵£

ɢһ⸱飬Ͳµ벻˳̲סЦЦ
ǳһΣĵüëˣȻЦó

ħ̫ʢˣô£šüʵ
ĻǺϷ˺һͬӡġɢ˿ڵԴǰҲһֱ˵ҪǺ⿪ӡȡСȸǡ

ǳڵ״ʲôϵ
ˡɢ˿ڵ

ǳһȻʲô

֮ʱڵԭ޲ǵķʧˡҲ˵ӡͿҲŷʧȥá

ӡǵķӡˣǳʵ

һ䣬һȸ˻𣬶һֻͨɢźɫħĿȸ𣬳ŽӡħķӡˣɢڽеķӡȴڣԺɫȸײϱˤ˻ȥ

ס𣿡ǳʵ
ɢ˿ڵӦÿԡ

˻һڳ޲˰Ѻò׼Ӧöֵܻǲܡ

۶ŽǺڿȸڵ̷׵·𣿡
İɣ·ҿĳڣ˶ܳȥȥɢ˿ڵ

ԷЩҲ˵ֻҪħûƣǵķӡ⿪ˣҲѲˡ

ǳ㲻ҪȡԼôħ￪ڵ
ǳšüŽеĺڿȸ۵״һĨ⣬ûпڡ

ﱻô꣬ҲùˣΪʲôһҪҸϾɱħ￪ڵ
ǳЦһԭѡģԼ·

ѡ񣿡ħ￪ڵҵĻǣôͻȥ
ģԼһСǳڵ

ħЦһڵʱֵ׵Ĺؼʱ̣е˼ϣϾ˼ҵ

졣ɢŭ㣬ֻǣ㲻
ħԿɢˣڵ㣬˵ͷʱæҲᱻ˳

ڳԣ˵ĻǷɢ˵˽£ЩΡ

ɢȴֻ̬ûô嶼ħմȾħĸǲΪֻ㱻ħɣ˳ͷβħ

ħħӿһԹؿɢˡ

ɢЦΪֻԹ֣ˣħŻ޴ӿơ

ħħҪȴ޴ӷ

ãͷһİ󿪿ڵҾ֪ǲκλ·ȻˣҲټɻʲôˡҲԼ

ǳڵѪŨˮһ𳤴ǻҰɡһ䣬ħȻ춯ԦȼԼ塣

ȼ𣬶ʱס˺ɫȸħ
ɫȸϷİǳǰΪơ

ֻǣʱδħɣֻɫĿȸ
һ̣Իǵ˺ɫŵǺɫġ

ãɢ˿ڵСȸǡ
һ䣬۱Ծ𣬾ֱ˽еħ

ǳɢͬʱҪȥֹκۻԱٶȿþˣֻ˲Ϣ㽫ǻȼħ˵ڵء

ڿȸ˵Բͷųܿ㲨ۡ
ǳ״룬ûҲɽ˽ء

̼䣬ǳħͷųħУ˽Ϳħ

ʱĽͿ뽭ǳһֻǸģ
Ϳ뽭ǳȻһĸֵͬܣƢȴ뽭ǳȻͬ

ǳѵóֵİ׿ȸԳĵø谮ټϽǳ񵭣ܺϷƢԣһֱš

ͿΪ뽭ǳֵܣҲű˷ߡ
ϲǿʤ⵽ѵ⡣

ʱͿͲסįԼͷϹܣΪżȻĻʶһֻһֻʨӣǿӢǳĵýͿϲ

һֱܲϲйϸ
ֻϰԲͬ󲿷ʱ򲢲ʺ׽

ϰߣһһ˴һ
Щʧȥº󣬻ѡѳ顣

忪֮ȻѰ岻ͬ󲿷ȴϰߡ

һ棬ȻͬϰȺӵ壬ߴ඼ΧޣǲѭһյĹ

ʱԽͿʨմȾͿȴһУֱײʨӵıѡϸ˵忴ƲǱѡ

һֻʨмֻʨ˵һһѵˡ

ͿȷʨЩ̵ʶ֮ǰеģʶ֮еģֻ˵ʨ׽ĹУĴʨ̡

嶼ģϰˡֻʨӳͿ
Ϳȴ޷ġѡΪ岻ġ

ͿҵҪ
˵Ҳ仰ˡ

֪ıԣҲἫմȾ
ϰԣ޷öԴжõİ취

ͿȴΪħһ϶˰£ҪôһһҪôɥż

ǣħصĽͿɱֻʨӣʧ̡
Ϳһ֮󣬲ûѣˣˡ

ԭǴֱӽͿɱˣǳֹˡ
ԭתصģֻҪ棬޷ճ

Ϳʱȴһ˽ǳǣʹǳЩ

ŽǳǻϣĴһӡ˽ͿĻǣݵĽ

ǳ͸ħ˶Էеķߺ޺ͲʣȴΨûκεİû֮⡣
һ̣ǶɢǾ仰˼Ϳ֮ԻᱻħɣΪĵѹ˵ⶼûС

ºýǳЩҲǣΪνǳлᣬԼȴûУ

һ̣ǳжһ˿̣Ҳ׷ˡ

ͬʱ
۽ħ˵ڵ֮󣬹˲մȾħȻֱϮħĻǡ

ħʱʹİħ۰С
ǳ״ǰֹȴɢסˡ

ɢ˳űħڵħʩ˸
ǳŵؿһĻڵħмŲյֻ²Ƭ̾Ҫپˡ

ʱһİħĻǱ۾ֱȡ˳ɢ˵ʩ˸ڽǳǷӡסȴ̻ǳֻͷħ̫ˡ

ͿĻ壬򻯳ȼյ
۱סۿΧħӿڡ

ǳ룬ȥ۱һԵ̶С
۱ħӰ죬۵׾ϲǰ֮˭

ǳһʹ屻۴赽ˮ׵ұϡ
һ֮£ǳϱ㱻ĳѪʺѪϵĺɫħˮ׾һ

ǳǿʶǿ۱㳯ˮϸȥ
ϵ˿ѾˣֻʣħϾš

ǳò׳۸ˮϣȴû뵽۲δѣһֶסǳĺ㽫̶ˤȥ

ǳˤͷǣֱЩϢҪȥʣһʶȴʱԲ۷衣֪۴˿̵ħѾֵʱв㽫ٲĽ

ۡǳŬ۵֣ɳƶ
Ȼ۵ȴħռţûκҪѵļ

ǳлûУ۶סԼȻһ֣ȴ˿

쵰Ѱǳŭ
ǳ۲֣ԺתŸҸʲôѹ

òǿѹĵ׵ĲԼ侲
֪ۺͽͿһԲᱻħɡ




56.  ֧   ëûü

ϱиƵ˿, Ѫ
Ѫ뽭ǳѪһˮлܿ㲻ֱ˴ˡ

۱ǳţûٳֹǳħȴ˿, ۿٴʧصΣաǳ״Ҳ, ûħʢ۶Կ

Сȸ, ȷſɢ˳ǳҲ, Ī㡣

ǳȴɱ, ΨԼԺ, Էͻ᳹ʧء
ʱѣҲƾһ֮ħɢֵڽͿѾ, ֮ȽǾӵħҷһ˵Ҳ١

ǳȻ֪ɢԷ, ȴΪԥ
ֻ˽Ϳħʱģһصޡ

Сģɢ˿ڳǳѵ
ǳδӦ㱻Ȼˡ

䱻ħƣȴҲǺ޷ֱǵصĳ̷סѿǳ֮, ԥ̷ף̷Ƕȥ

ǳǲµͼҲų̷ס

ǳǵˮģ֪۵״, ̷׺ëַ˻״Ͼ۵һħѾˣٳĲӣ롣

ˮ֮ǳŷ֣۲֪ǺԵ, ȫˮˣˮεñȽǳ졣ǳɲҵ飬ֻܾ׷Էһ

ȴѹûлͷֻһ˼ܡ

˺֮󣬽ǳڻǴ춯ȻЩ䲻㳯źٴλȥǳͼ侲Ҫ߶صϣȴΪǲȵĹϵѹʹ

䣬ĺˮ㳯ǳǺ˽ȥ
ǳ룬ͷųԼֻҪһ˿ǣܶܡ

ԭѾ˰뿪֮ʱ쵽΢۵һ˿ɣڻתԾ˺С

ģˮףǳֻţ㱻һס

ϤϿǳԻָЩ侲źˮָ۵գǵ۶һ͡

ۿŽǳȻǰһĻ

ʱͽǳڽбħħӰ죬ǳӲǶγ;ںˮмʧȥʶԺ˽ǳǸʱǳƢأҲδŪԼ۵⣬գֱˮ㽫ˡ

ʵ۵δָȴƾűܿǳ˽ǳĴϡ
ǳֻһ£ֱסۣɶԷԼ

ǳٴѹʱ򣬷ԼѾڷˡ
ɢ˼æǰ鿴һΪࡣ

أǳʵ
ˡɢ˿ڵ

ǳһʱЩż

ɢֵں֮󣬾ˣҺҢҵʱ㱻˰ߵͷ

ǳЩȣϡǵԼǰƺˮˡ

۽ӺҲ˵Ǹʱ۵ʶѵģˣǳ˿˵ȷʵûͿһױħơ

һûסǳЩص
ҲûϵԼĻǻǸʱ춯˵ʲôҲסۡ

ɢ˰ο·̫ͻȻֹû ҲЩֲ
ǰΪӰ쵽ˣҲħķӡһ£ŵ½ͿԼ˷ӡǳ˽յӡ

Ҳ̫ӵħδƴ˻ɢ˿ڵֻҪĻָܻͷȥӵħҲ١

ɢ˵ʾ⽭ǳǷӡеǡ
ħΧѾ˺ɫ

ͷħô죿ǳʵ
ħѾҲ̫ħɢ˿ڵһᾡ㾻ǣֻӣҪЩͷ

ǳڵԵͷ޷ֻǵġ
ģӲɣ벻ݵɢ˿ڵ ֻҪڵϣͲ⣬Իָ֮⵺ڵߣܲҲ

ǳԵ˵ͷ֪Ҳûиõİ취ˡ

գɢ˱㽫˽ǳڡ
ǳǲȣټմȾħʣµǶЩų⡣

ɢ˽ҹʱ䣬ʩｭǳǣֱеħ˽룬ǳĻǲЩ

û°ɣǳɫ԰׵ɢˣЩġ
ЩɢΪʲôֲۻˡ

Ϊɢ˰еħѾķ˼һ˲ϡǳ״Ҳòȥر

Ϣվͺãصġɢس˰֣ڵֻҪ⼸ձңκһǺаյġ

ǳԸмص˵ͷֻý۵Ļѹˡ

м飬Ųһֱ㡣ɢ˿ڵ
ǳһĵȻһ˿õԤС

ǿŵӦǱ͵ˡɢ˿ڵ
ǳһɫȻЩ԰ס

۱ħʱǿ뷨

ͬʱ
ݵɽĳɽ

һħϥɽԣǿŵ
⼸ʱʱԺʱȥҽǳԷ״Ժʱ飬ŵ

ʵԼҲԼΪλ͵ŵ
ؼǵãԼθҪŵͷ

ÿħʹҪôʱ򣬱̲ס¡

Զˣ͵ʱǳ۾˵ŵԼġ
֪ǳŵǶһֱڸΪŵĴڣڽǳλþͻټ֡

ÿͷƻʱ۱ֻ̲סԼЩӡǳƺϲÿ۷ʱ򣬽ǳͻһЦԱ߿š

֪ʱĽǳвֹеҲԼ

۾ôбĥҲû¶ġ
ǿŵ

ǳĻȻʱסˣȴָغ
ֻȱ̫ã룬һʱӦ

οǻδ׾ɾħ

գɢҪʩȹ̻ǣȴǳܾˡ
ǳɢ˱Լò˶ٵɫвЩΡ

ʵо仰һֱ㡣ǳ˰ΣڵãΪԵ𣿡

ɢü۵ѵֳ˼ֲڡ
㳤ƯϲûҲġɢ˵

ǳֱ治⻰ǹ볶⣬ЦҴδȻ
ڹǲǴδңɢվЩ棬㿪ʵ

ǳ룬ȷûɢˣЩţ¶ԷԴʲôû뵽ɢ˼⸱̬ȴʧЦӣһ˽ġ

ֻսߣҪˡ

֮󣬻ȶûǳ̲סʵ
˵һҵʮꡣɢ˿ڵ

ǳһʮ־ȣû뵽ɢʶôˣô˵ɢ˵Ҳüˡ

֮󣬻ʹǰһ𣿡ǳʵ
ǰûֻ׺˵мֺ档

ɢ˿ڵջʱ̬ữΣҪһزܻΡҼǵһջʱǶûָ̫¶ģ˺þòŻָ䡣

ǳΪȣɢⲻֽһ
⻰ֻ룬ȴ˵ڣһǺֻ²ʰ

ϢɣʱȲҪ㡣˵˻ɢ˱Ҫߡ

ǳ״̲סڵʲôʱܳȥۣ

⼸գǳһֱûжԷϢǻ쵰ŵҲ֪㵽Ķûһۡǳ֪ħȴԲЩʧ䡣

ٵȵȰɡɢ˿ڵ֪ڵʲôʱҵҲ޼¡㣬ңûܰڵħвп㡣

ǳššü۵״Եĵǡ

Ҳµ֮ԻӦþ²С˵㡣ɢ˵ʧˣ⼸ˣʼû¶棬˵й˼İΣóȻӽ

ǳвһʵΪʲôҪѵ͵ߣ
Ͳ˵ˡɢ룬ڵҲΪ˽ǣԼħԼʱ̱ѣҪħɡ

Ҫħֻܿǣҡ
ϵǣҳ˽ǳֻǿŵˡ

Ȼҿǳֻܽ͵ߡ
ⷨȻð˵㣬ȴδûá

ǵǿŵİΣɢ˿ڡ
ǳȴҵһǿŵȻ֮Уʱ»ճ

ɢ˿ǳڵѡŵԭΪµˣٻǣħ㡭ֻϾҲû˭ǣˡ

ǳ˰ΣһʱЩ˵
ɢļģӲ顣ֻӻָˣܰһӵħ

šǳֻõ˵ͷǿѹĵ׵Ĳ

ҹݵ꽻ӣ粻ʱҹգݵؽڵĵƬ̡

ڣǳϣ˫Ŀգ˯㡣
űĴһ죬Ƭ̺һɢħӰ˽

ԷĿڽǳϣߴӽǳƯüһ·£Խͦµı˫΢ıϡ

ǳƺ˸Σüͷ̲ס΢΢šš

ԿָϽǳüָۣ⻮ǳ԰׵գĦһ½ǳĴǡܵ˹ƻһ㣬˽ǳϡ

˯еĽǳȻѣһֵ̿ؿԼˡ
󣬽ǳзæҪ

Էǳ̬ȼŭˣħ˫ĿȾ
ǳ״Խ£סҪܣԷ㽫ǳסйƵȥ

ãԷ쵽Լİסڰ
漴ȻʱȴԼմȵҺ塣

ȻͷȥŷԼסˣ˿ѪģһƬѪУϵİɫȾһƬѪ졭

ǳ۾һȻ˫ۣŷԼɽС
ͷһԼ˫֣ͷûմκѪ˿

һĻֻǸجΡ
۾δԺл֮ȥԼʧ˽ǳһĻ

ҹһĻĥۣħϷӿɽ

ȲҪȥȷǷֻһξԼڲѵʱѾʲô޿ص顣ɽ˺ٳٲ뿪˵أҿǳ

޴Ŀ־Ͳĥۣʧء
ȻʱȴͻȻһ΢ġౡ

ɽеĳﴫģĳĽ
ǿĵ׷ӿħԦɽĽ﷢һֻͨ

۶Ǻɫ꿴Ƭ̣ԺһƬհס
Ӧ˰βʶʲôǲš

һֻˣ
ͽǳĵôһֻˣ

ʶͲѣѹû취侲˼⣬Ӷͷšôһ˲䣬˽ɱͷ

۵ħӿһɥʧ
ȻʱͻȻһ΢졣

С΢ɲ飬ݵؼһ˲Ǳˡ
ǡĳֶѿȷе˵ѿֻ˸졣

ۺ΢ͣͷԼϵ´
ƽǿŵ´ԹһС顣

ǿŵڡ
۵һ˿ãȻٴ̧ͷСˣζûع

ڣС˲ŵġ
ʱ۶һ΢졣

ۼȷˣǴ´ﴫġ

۵ͷԼ´ܿ죬۵ħȥ˴롣
ʵãȻ޴룬һʱ䲻֪Ρ

ǣƵĿ˽ŵСˡ

СŻûë쵽֮󣬳һ̧ۣͷڻ谵ɽﻷһܣɵ˽һѸɲϲ˲ȡ

ۻ⣬Сǿŵͳŵ˸ձС˲ƽǶѸɲϡ
ԿЩǿͨѩ׵ĿȸѾ졣

ֻǡ۶ǿŵ˺ðΣȴҲûκζǿŵƺѿ֮Ͳˡۺüַ̧£ȴֲԼƲסǿŵ

һԵСЩȥˣЩԸشյǿŵԱſ£Լδëĳ򣬽ǿŵ£סˡ

ǳ濴ЩֻСͷȵʵ˶٣£ŵĶʮֱŤǷˣ¸ãζˣڷ˵ȴС

ֻֻǿŵ˲Ƭ̣ǿŵٴδ춯
һΣͷѵøһЩѳһӡ

ͬʱ
ɢڴǰͷ꣬۵״һĨȡ

ֻĻԼܵһ˿ϤƺǴӺɽķġ
ϴǿִ⣬Զڽǳ֮ϡ

⵺ϲûеֻ߽ޣģֻһλ

ɢ˻֮ʣͷͨ˵ǳˡ
ɢ˿һɫŷɫѾˡ

궼ûͣһ˿Ҳʲôɢ˿ʵ
ǳһڵֻһجΣ˯ãѰƺȡ

ɢڽǳϴһ£̽һǳĻǣڵָûʮ£ӦþͲˡ

ôãǳššü
ɢ֪ǳڵʲô뿪ڵȥһ˺ɽ

ôˣǳʶʵ
ɢ˿ڵȥ֪

ǳֻɢҪԼȥѰۣĵԷôˣ˵Լָ˵ȴ֪ɢȴȥѰˣϲ˻ˣ˵۵黹ǰиת

Ƕ˱ðȥ˺ɽ
ɽңѭŷ˵ܿҵˡ

ֱӽɽ֮ɢ˲ŷͷз˵һħ
һɲԵİϢ

ǽǳΪңټδôϸ
Ҳ쵽ͷֹۡ

ˣǳЩŵؿڵͷһ

ɢüԦȽɽܾ쵽ͷħʢ֪δʧءһʱжϲħǱѹסģΪʲôԭѹסˡ

˵Ҫ˻ˣûʧأѾǼõϢˡ
ǳЩŵظɢ󣬴ɽ֮󣬱㿴ڲݶϵСˡ

⡭ǳһȵôᡭôˣ
ǳ۵뵽һС˵һӦΪǿŵġ

ϾȻ֪ȴû뵽Էô졣
С˿̫Сˣʵ޷ǰϵķϵһ

ɢüⲻǿŵġ

˵ոֻС˻
Сţûз

ǳŷӦǷˡ
û뵽ôǳһʱΪˡ

ȻδüֳһϸӲĦ
ǳѭȥŷŵǶѸɲݶԱߣһС

СһֻСצӰ¶˶ڸɲݴһֻСԴ
ǿСԴСĿŹͺͺģëûô

ǺƵģ嶼ص˲̲ס棬Բ̽˿Դ

ǳǿСԴ˰ΣڷӦֻëûüСǿŵġ




57.  ֧   У

ǳŲݴǿСԴ, һʱʮָӡ
Сӿ˰ΣҲûȻһʱ֮侹Щֱ治Сӵֻʲô

Ƭ̣СһȻûҪĴ, ֻ¶һСԴŽǳ, ڹ۲, 

ǳԥ, ᲽߵǶѲݴԱ, СһƺЩ, ӣԴ˲, ֻ¶һıͷ

ǳڵϣսЩ, ȥСһӲȴСһ¶ڲݴͷıȻ΢΢

ǳʱЩΣû뵽ԼĵСûϳԼֻҲûϳֻ̫Сˣв, Զһжʶеη塣

ڽǳһڲݴС޴ֵʱɽĽ߳һֻɫӡմȾħֹŵǺ˿ûҪļ

ɫǶŽǳһ, ۵ħ֣ƺȥ佭ǳջǿסˡ

Ƭ̺󣬱ߵ˲ݴԱ, ͷС

СϤζˣԴִӲݡΡ˳󣬱СסСӽӲݴ˳ŵ˽ǳűߡ

ǳŵԿСӵò

СӸͷСֻȸӣ壬һֻ塣ǳէһ֪ô뵽СӵģϸȥǳȴֻСӵȽŸҲΪݡֻСӡ

СӲǰͨڣ෴Ǵյý˾ͻ֣ᷢʵһ㱡İɫëֻë̫δ룬ȻȥԣֻȽۡ

ǳüŪСӵӡ

һֻͨѩ׵ġСӣ

ǳ֪뵽ʲô̧ۿһۻɵĺɫӣʮָӡҲ֪ûпǳĿ⣬ʶ㳯Դͷȥǳ

Ƚȥɡɢ˿ڵ
ǳ־ȥСӣСȴһתײײźɫӱȥȻνġڽǳ

ɫûСӣתͳɽȥ
Сӳһ£Сӱ㳯ű׷ȥ

κƿǣû֫Ҳδϰ߱ܣǿվסԣҪȴģֻ׷ȥˤ˵ϣвɷ

ԶסŲתߵСԣٴεŵ˽ǳűߡ
ȻתҪ뿪ʱСӱƳ׷˹ȥҲٴˤ˵ϡ

ǳ״۵òУڳ۵ˤˣ㻹ܣ

ԶסŲתͷǳĿдżɡ

һȥǳ˵ձɽ˿ûиӾܾĻᡣ
ɢҲæŷ˸˳ȥֻ˱Ӻ͵ֻСӡ

ԭ˺һƵĸСӵŶȥ

СӸͷ̫СӼǽ뺬ͻȥġ

صס֮󣬱ССһëֱԷϱͱýëá齣뿪

ǳڲԶűСһֱĲѣ±ͷϴŵĵ̽ϸƤ.СƤϾСӸͷ̫Сˣͷһȥ㽫СӴͷ˽š

ǳĵȻǶģյüãСӿȥҲú

վסҪߣǳڵ
ͣסŲȴǳԼ࿴˶Էһ۾ͻʲôľƵġ

ǳӰΣڵһûأ㼱ʲô
ӲػͷǳȾħĿУżɻ

ǳһСӣ΢΢°ͰڳһҪܡ̬ȣƵسӵҸһſȸôҷһֻӣ⵽ô£ܵø˵ɣ

۵ħӿ󻯳Ρ
ǳĿ΢ѲһȦȴɫ

ȻԸϣò˵۶⼸գͦ۵ġƫƫ쵰ӰҹҲû͵͵ƹ

ȷʵǿŵġۿڳǳ

ȥż룬ǳȴ˼ֿƣ֪ڽԼһ˿ĲԸ֪֡Լħ֣һ̫ԼͻƲס

ϾڽǳǰѿԼ

ǳȴû㡰Źɲĵصȸ˱ӣ
㿴˵սԼǰװǿŵ´ݵ˽ǳ

ǳǲһͷȻװżƬǣǵǴǰöȸĵǡ

۾ȻὫСƿǵĵǶˡ

ǳЩЦȴһ˵ļơ
Ȼ֪СӾǵģϾͷôСıӣϿҵڶֻ

~СϴţԴĴȻİĻЩ
ǳĿСϣڵģø𡣡

һʵô𣿡
ǳȻص㲻뽫¸ɣ壬ɲ̣ҲģӦ

Ŀһ˿ԥȻЩġ
ǳȻ֪ĵģȴҲ֪ûбõĻˡ

ۼȻܽƽ˵ܿסħ
ֻԼûףԼŻٰ˼ɡ

ԽôС˵ʼռϷ硣
Ȼˣǳ˵СӾǸ԰۽⿪ħ

Ƕܣҹͻع󡣡ǳֵ
˻һ۵׵ڵ˼֣Ŀ⿴Сӡ

һߡ
ɢ˴ɽ֮󣬱С˻ס

ǽС˷ŵϣԸȥɨһ˵ס

סͩ׼ģԷڵϵĴ󲿷ӶǴ󲿷ʱţö֮Ǵˡ

ʦҢͷȻҹҲ˺ɽ
ֻСʱȻ

ϲʦû뵽ôͻˡҢ糯ɢ˵
ǡҢ翴СˣĵҲ̫СЩǶûָɣ

ԭԴëСˣе̧ۿҢһۡ

ֻһֻСˣβ͵ëûȫ϶ڷ˵ѹȴɲСһۣҢη塣

£°ɡɢ˳Ң
Ңæ˹£ɢٴοСˣ۵Ц⡣

˽סָɨһҪȥ𣿡ɢ˳С˵
СҲ֪δָǹⲻֻԼëûʲôӦ

ɢЦЦԹԵصȻȥͻɡ
˵ַԸȥ֪ᣬ˵˵סٴɨˣ˼㽫ͻȥס

ҲǣôССһֻ񣬻᲻ɶ֪ȥҲҪտ
ݵϣɢˣ˭չ˷˰

СȸǿŵһֻСӣǰɫġɢ˿ڵ˵¶Ҳ湻ģȸﾹܷӣҲ֪˵ܡ

˵һЩ飬æƳһСˣԷûӦ˿
ЦڷǰԷһģҲú֡

ˣǿŵ㿴ŷģ㵹ǱҸʶСɢʧЦҿСȸϿŲˣӦͦģСһﳤë޵ץȤ

ɢ˵ҲҲȤʲôá
߶߶ΣСһ㷴ӦûУһֱԹԵë

С˽ë֮󣬱ĴһۣųɵϡС˳ϵëųû룬ֻǿӿЩ׾ɰ

ɢ۵Ц⣬û뵽Է齣Ჽ˽ȥ

ֻС˸ƣǴ˯ˡ
ɢߵԱߴ£С˾쵽ͼ֮󣬳ౡ

ɢˣ
ôСһֻ񣬾Ҫ԰ռһ齣

ɢ˵ЩΣȴֲܸһֻСֻܵͷİ¡
ݶΣʶһ⡣

С̫СˣҲ֪Ҫòܳ
ǿȡ˵ȡԷˮһ

СҪЩ󣬾͵ö༳ȡ
ˣɢǰݱֻ֯ȸסĎz˳С˽ȥ

ౣС˲õ̧ͷٶǲ
ɢȴӲֱӶǸŵһͷ

ౣСٴβؿ顣
ʲôȡǴҽһʮٳ󣿡ɢε

˸ʲô
ɢһ˼⣬̲סЦЦƺҲͦá

Ƿδ˵ܺŷ˽еġ
ִܿͷϾҪġ

ǳвһ֮ͨ۵ûܡ
Сڡ໴״̬ǳ˵ԼӣŵģֻչСӡ

۵ǶԼģС˯İϡ

СԴӴ֮󣬱һֱʵĽСۻ˱ӣʱʱȥһСӣСӵĽȴһֱûôͣǽʵǺ󣬴󲿷ֶǴӱǻ﷢ģڱĳֲ

ǳڵϿëûС̲סʵǲǶˣ
ʳڲǲóԶģˣǳȥЩ֦ҶӣСһŪһѣʾ۽Сӷͷ

ȻСֻͷһС
ͷСѱ˺ð죬żѵˤ˸ͷ

ǳⱿֱŵӶһƬˤЩۡǳûֳʾ̡ҵȫ۸Լ֡

Сӵײײߣ굽˱ĶƤͷ
ǳΪ͸˯ˣû뵽һСʿʼ

̰ɣǳڵ
̧ۿǳĿԵЩӡ

ǳͷ̡Ƕι
岻ι̣ͨ廹壬һ

˭̣۶Žǳʵ
ǳȻصȻģֲ塣

ġۿڵ
ǳһæɵİôι

ҲûС۵

ǳ
⵹ʵǶûι̡

ԣֲụ́ȡͺã
ǳһۣ֪⻰еףûħ󷢡

СӺһգֱҹҲûͣ¡
ǳʱûƿǲӦ˺Щ

СӺһ˲֪ٴΣǳƲסСͺˣͲñˡ

Լİº̣һֱܡ
ǳҲЩꡣ

ǳ³Ҫ£۵Сӣȥһɢˡ

ɢСأССȴԸͷһһ˰գҲû

ǳɢΪ۳ʲô飬ֱƳ̰ڽǳıӣ˿

Ĳ²ûСӵƿǣȷ۵ħ˻Ӱ졣

֪ô£һֱߺ󡣡ǳһƣص
ǰδ̣治֪ô鷳һ顣

ɢʾⱪӽСӷ£ӱԽŵСӷŵһԵİϡʱԶɢֱŤСˣų˹

ۣôͻˣǳȵ
˵־ЩأϾĳСˣֻģôȻ۶Է᲻ɣЩס

ףɢü۵һ˿ȡ
СߵСſ£ȻСӺʶһ㡣

СҲųС߲˲䣬СʵʵſŲˡ

ǳ
ۣ
ɢˣ

Ϊʲôǳڵ
ۣҲЩãȻ

ɢ˿ڵΪ뿪ݵǶʱ䣬һֱǷϤ˵ټ壬ȴѪ֮ףԶԷ˲Ҳ֮С

ǳ״˿еơ

ò˸Сӷ֮󣬺ۻз׽Ƕô׽

еˣ֪ӦԼ۲֡

С׽Ҳ¡ɢ˿һ۽ǳ۵״żЦѪϿԼݣ˵ء

һֻôɣǳʵҲû򰡣
񲻻ᣬκ˵ˡɢ˵㻯κ󣬲ҲԻû˫𣿡

ǳһСӣĿжʱ˼ڴ
Ҳ˵СΣ˵ܷɡ

㣬ë̫̣ȴҲܿǰɫġɢֵκ󣬶ҲһúƯ

ǳ˲٣ʵֱܷǴ𣿡
֮һ㶼ֱۣͨ

С̫Сˣǳ۰ſһۣûֱ̫塣
ɢƳһСӵٵȼӦþֱܷˡ

ǳԱδټ׷ʡ
СԴӼС֮󣬱̤̤ʵʵ˯ˣҲûٺ

ǷԴġɢ˿һС˺Сӣпû뵽ԼС㣬ӡ

ǳ

һζܿ˰ࡣ

СӸͷСȴܿ죬¹㳤˰ƴС
ټС˴һͻͽ

СϵëѾˣŲһţѩë޵һˡҲͨѩףβͼһСëǺɫģȥëʵıʼմһīƵġ

СӾʢȽŶˣÿնҪ׷ԼβͼתȦȦֱת˲ŻſڵЪһ

ôתתɵ˰ɣǳЩĵص
Сʱûɹ飬ҲûıôתȦһʱҲЩò⡣

ǳ״ȻβǴë˰ɣͲ׷ˡ
ûзԣǳСӣüСӼë

һ£ǳͻȻʲôСӵĺм俴һۣڵǡ۵İɣ

̧ۿ˽ǳһۣʵ͵͵ˣһֱŽǳء
û뵽ǳĴ󣬹ôò¡

Ӧ۵ġۿڵ

ǳ˰Σûޣֻ۵ġǳޣСӿ϶ǲһġǳ뵽ĳЩϸڣ΢΢죬̲סһۡ

һ۾Ϳ˽ǳ˼ʱҲЩѪ...ӿ
Ŀԣⶼһ˿Ȼ

һֱ˯ڰСӣδ뽭ǳ׽
ǳˣҲû

ҡ
㡭

ͬʱڣͬʱס
ȻЩ

˽֮ʣץŵСӲˣһŭġ

ףǳǵһСôУЩȣڵǱôһֻè

ۣ

ǳк棬ץСë޵ĺצ֣ڵԣٽһ

СƢ˽ǳͲºͣסôͲˣî˾ֿڷ˷ŭһС

Ϊףгʱνʮ㣬ȴ̡
һΣǳˣСӷȷǡء

ԭԱôе𣿡ǳۣԺϸһ£۴δǰż˶ֵʱᷢҲֻǿιĵͺ𣬰㲻뵽С

һǳ۵
ۿǳĿ⿴Ǹӡ

ǳæôУɱٽС
˵һ˷ܵؿۣĿڴ

ۣ




58.  ֧   һ

뽭ǳӰ, ʼûж
ǳһûӦвɿʼġ

漴Ȼʶ, »۵ʹ
۵Ҳô, ȴһֱûй, ΨһĽ;ǿⲻеġ

һֻԱΪʲôԼĽأ
ǳ, ֻһԭ, ǾԼҲܽԼôС

Ͼ, Ϊһֻĸ߽״ȴè, µȷôֵҫ顣ֻǽǳû뵽ۿ費, ڽôǿҵġ

Ǿ͡´˵ɡǳڵ
Ȼһ۵ĽȴҲ֪ʱ򡰱ȡ۲Ǹǵѡһ̼ڵħǿɾǵòʧˡշֻҪδеǷԼ

ǳһ, ˿
ǳ״вЩЦʹˣҲнգȥֻҪЦˡ

ǳôһ, ǰѸСӼë׵Ժ
С˽ǳ֣Ϲ˼Ȧֿʼ׷ԼβתȦȦˡ

ǳԳضСӿһĿȴһֱ̲סȥƳۡ
˶Ա, һӡ

ǳſڣ۴ԷĿһֱСϣζûԼһۣˡ

ӣȻ뽭ǳһֱסһȴδ׽
ǳò׼ħ˺̶ֳȣһֱСġ

ȽǳСģƽＸԼһڼƵģֻҪǳڣǳ

ǳ뵽ЩﲻЩơ
תһ룬ΪԼŻ˿ơ

ԼҲò׼ڵħ˺ֵزֻܾǣħĻᣬԼ׵״̬£ԿƵľ档

ʲôʱǸͷ

ǳǰմһ𣬵ʲô˾ǰȴİһ㣬üţץӸεķС

˯֮󣬽ǳ̲סƹ絽
İϣۻ§ë޵Сӣ˯ŵʱüͷҲ΢΢šš

ǳڰ齱߶⸸һһֻᰴϣ̽һ¶Էڵħ

͹۵ľԣһָֻϣԷȻ۾һʶץס˽ǳܴץýǳЩۡ

ǳһδۡ
ҲŽǳ۵ħ֣¶ɢһΣյϢ

ƽڽǳǰħԽǳۣ˵㣬ΣյϢ˿۸ովѣ¶ʵ״̬ħ۵׵Ľ䱸Ρ

ۣǳʶЩ
ôһˣ۵׵ħӿԽȻԽǳԼٶЩ

˯ɡǳڵ
˵ۻë޵Сӣֻ

ۿŽǳıӰ뿪˺ðħŽɢ
Ȼ֪ǳ֮飬뵽ǳǽ䱸Ŀ⣬ﻹЩԽܡ

һǳҹûô˯
һ磬ȥһɢ˵ס

ɢڴ裬С۾ɢ˼ϡ

ǳۼС˸ͷҲ˲٣ѾƯβ𣬿źۡʵȥСˣȴְڶԷԼѹ׶֡

С˻Ƿʱ򣬽ǳ򲻸ͷġ˱ǼƯ񣬻ɫëŨ־£˭˶ƲĿ⡣ëˣȴ޼ٽǳδйĻᣬΪ֮ǼΪ׽Ĺϵǲⴥ˴ëġ

ǳ룬˳ȻţֻСˣǲлһأ

ڶ𣿡ǳСسɢʵ
̫ɢ˵

ǳͷٴοʼɢֵҲʲô
ǺǡǳЦһ״С˵ͷ

ɲϣǻָĵһˡ

ЩʱյΣɢ˸ǳһ裬ʵ
ǳüҲôڹš

ɢüڵħƵò
Ҵ볯¡ǳڵħûʲôӣܲһֱȥɣ

ǳһ뵽ÿպôСദ;ܡ

ǰǹ˼ǲȣûóȻ֡ɢ˿˽ǳһ۵ҼɫѾںˡǺҶ֮ﱪħӦмְյġ

ǳԵһϲʵʲôʱ֣
롣ɢ룬ֵЩӣʧع

ǳæǵûУÿҲͬ˵˵ǣľͷ׮Ƶġ

ħ춯ͨأǣħԲŻɢ˵

ǳȻ֪ڵҪħʲôɣ
ǲʧܺ壬ӺãҲˡɢ˵Щʱա

ǳ˿

ɢ˿һ۽ǳͻȻʲôڵȶӿ쵽˰ɣ
ǡǳЩˣѲ

Ͳˣʧˣֻ¡ɢԷһǵȶ֮˵ɡ

ǳԵЩΣȴҲ֪ɢ˵

ȶûзǳʵ
ȶýԻмӾҲˡɢ˵

ǳȶƺÿһηǰһθЩ

ǳ˵նЩ죬뵽ǰ۰ⶾЩʱգһƺֻҹڶκͱգƺֱȵڶθһЩ

ôȥԽԽã
һ˵Ҫסϡ

λһαһθǿ˼֮󣬱Ὺʼɢ˵ֱ󳹵ʧ

ǳ˿Ҳ֪νļô޷

Щʱڱߣ̽һڵħɢ˵һֱţվԿħǳһòһ᲻ʧء

ʧأǳʵ
Ӧòᣬעִǡɢ˵

ǳЩΣҲף˽ħ״ʱٳְħһЩ

գǳصסʱ򣬱ۻ˱ģ§СӣڰСëСӺ޷ڱߣֻë޵Сצչš

ǳ״СƿɰˣȥСӶһѡ
СӶӸձʪģǳ֮ڱӱϲ˲

תͷǳĿż⡣
ǳɢ˵Ļֱֻûջڱһûһµ˳ë

ʶ볯ǳƤǳڱϵȴԦҪ̽һ¶ԷڵħȻһ̣ӱ㻯Ρ

̽ҵħʧ˺𣿡ۿڵ
ǳһջ֣ɫЩÿ

еЩΪʲô˵ˣΪħӰ£ֻҪһھ˵Ļǽǳ

ǳ̾˿ˣȥ
Ƭִ̺ڵ˺ңվͲὫɽ

ۿǳĿдżھκͰաȻ֪ǳڹ󲿷ʱƲסԼЩ߰ͷ

ÿһΣҪŬܲԼ˵˵Ļ
ħǸһ̲ͣ˵һ㣬ĶĶ

Ҳ֪ͬıԣ㲻ġǳڵ
һɿʼڵħҲʼ춯

ǣħӰ£̲סЦһڵ֪ҵıˣ
ô˵ҿˣǳһ۵˵ˣҲ֪ıԣ˭֪

ššüû
ǳ״һⲻĵѲͷб

ۣ
Ŀһ˿ãȻȻǳһͨʸסˡ

ǳǷӦз֣һзΪܺá

ǳÿҪ˵ûֺ۵ʱħĶȥɺͷÿǳʼȡ֡ʱ۵ᱻǳߣȫɥʧȨ

ǰ뿪ʱǳһסۡ
û뵽۾һսմȾôħоá

ˣǳڳһίͰ͵ı飬ڵ㲻ͣ˼ǳ𣿡
ûСЩ޴ؿڵûб

˵Ҳ֪ıʲô˼ǳڵҵˣ񻹳˵Ļۣ㡭

ǳ˵۾һ죬Ĺĵȥ
֮󣬽ǳ̲סЩЦ

ʵôϰˣķʽӲ˵ʱűԶֱӶ֡
ôۣͦ˼ġ

ҪǣħӰ֮ۻͦһס

ԽǳۡһƢ֮ԽǳʱԽС
ǳܸо⼸͵ȷû

ⷨЧǳͱ䱾
ҹ󣬽ǳ۵Լ˯䣬Сůů

ԱСӵ˽ǳ齱ߡ
ǳСӷŵϣֵҲ¡

ǱģԶŽǳһǳѹûѾ۾˯ˣԾϣʵʵſ齱ߡ

ǳ˰׿ȸСͽǳϤˣ״㳯׿ȸﹰ׿ȸ̧һֻë޵С§ס˸ưš

ӿ˯ŵİ׿ȸվЩ಻סȥһ
ǳѾܾûǰɹȸģˣ̫ȥëˡ

ԥӻ̲סյ׿ȸߣ̽Եڰ׿ȸëһ¡
׿ȸ޷Ӧ˯úܳӼ״ЩյøЩ

ֻô£Ȼëֲĵϰߣһʼϲͷβ飬ȷͷմԼζ

ǣӱ㽫ȸϵµһ顣

ǳ۾£ȴ̲סЩЦԼСӷֵѹȻӱˣëĹСϣҪСͺ˲ɡ

ǳ֮ʣһᡣ
һ룬Ծȥֱš

ǳ֪ӳȥϵһٳٲӻ
ǳһ˰ɣ

ˣǳҴһȥ
ȻסԶҵۡ

Щңħɢ
ǳܿʶʲôȴЩˣѷĿ

ôˣͣ¶ڣЩɳơ
ǳһЩΣ֪ܴ󣬲ܴ⡣

һְڳǰǸġļƵۣԸԼ͵͵ҡôΪ𣿡

ۺһͣתͷǳ
ҹɫУǳ俴Ŀ⣬ȴǲɱһƵġ

ôʲôǳװͰ͵ص
۶һһסǳһһǳӦʱԼѾϡ

Ҳ뵱Сô㣬𣿡۴ӱŽǳ
˵ʱϢڽǳǵýǳҲЩҡ

ǡǳһ죬ڵأ
ֱһʵȷ

ǳԭʵȷô۱ţбЩˡ
ǸŤŤӣڿԼ۵֮󣬱Խÿˡ

Щһֱǰôţǳʵͦܵġ
ôû֣Ӧһ

ԺЩңȴûнһжǳ֪ڹ˼ʲôתͷһֹס۵Ĳȥ

ɲǼ䣬ħһ춯
㻻˸ƣǳһѰصĳرϡ

ӿħҲŲס춯
ʮìܣһΪǳûϲħȴסǣħðͼݻ־

ôҡ۽ǸǣŽǳʵΪֻܽϵȶ𣿡

ǳһʶȻ
ۿ˰Σħɡ

ԭһֱôǳ̬ȵġ
Ȼ֪ǳĺãʼôһСطýǳ֮Դ㣬ΪȶԵʡ

Ͼֻܰｭǳȶ

һĻɣħӰ֮󣬱㿪ʼѿ̸ڵĴڡǳãħӦñˡ

㲻ͣǳ𣿡ۿʵ
ǳһû뵽۾ԼǰʶԷĻ

ǳ죬ȴ֪ν͡
ȷʵΪԵʲźߵô

һ㣬ﶼȻǳԴ۵ˣʱǳ̬ȴħӡ

Ѿ˲ǳôͣܺˡ
˽ǳû˵ʲô֪˳۵Ļ˵ħ塣

ʱ۵ᱻħƿأ˵ʧء

£õķӾת۵עҪپ⡣
۵ħǳȻѾ֪ʲôδɢһ뷨ӽǡ

ǳ˿ƿ۴

סķ˼ת۵Щ˻ȥ㣬ҾͰӶɽȥ

ǳ˵תߡ

۶ŽǳıӰһԥ첽ǰһסǳ󣬲ǳӦ۱㽫һԵʯȥ

ʲôǳװŭ
Ŀ۵ħӿסǳ°ٴȥ

˴ཻǳûκ
ֻƬ̣ۻֻ۰ڲ




죬ǳϣ黹
۱Ҳ˵ֻҪڣһն̫

µԽԽˡǳڵ
֪ǳ˵ʲôֻüû

ǳЦЦ˸ƿ
ǳãħĿƻ㲻ڽ龳£Ҳɱֵúᣬ˽ǳϡ

ҽǳøȡˡ

СȡְɡǳͻȻڵ
붼û룬ڵС

ǳššüⲻǸСӵ𣿡
𣿡벻Сӽʲôˣ޷ҵĽ½СǵĽнС˵ƶȻ֣һȡˡ

ǳһ̲ס̧ͷۡ
ֵнСһС

һǳšüһ
ۿǳڽǳһڵ

ǳ
쵰ղš档

;쵰ıﲻԾԭأ




59.  ֧   Ļ桭

ǳû뵽, ۾ôЩˡ

һǧټҪһŵ׼û콫, ۵ˡ

ôǳЩˡ

ۿ, ڵϴԼ˵Ҫһŵ, û㻹, ׿˵, ҪҪ档ϧʱħ춯, 鲻֮

ҵʱǡǳͣȴ֪ô˵

һζɢ˳, ħصۡڳħ֮ǰʱǳȷ۵ħʲô, ǷӶе㲡Ͷҽɡ

ָˣʵ
ǳ죬Ƶ̾˿

ˣɡǳ
۶ѾˣҲûкڵˡ

˵Ҳųһŵ
СӡСǳͦϲ, ë޵СӺܿɰ

һֻҲ
ǳôţбҲȻˡ

ȥɡǳ۵Сء
Ե˵ͷ뽭ǳһסȥ

˵ſڣһֵ, ϸһǡСצŵ

ǳæǰŴ򿪣ŵһֻСԴŭسءĽУ·ǰλ, ΪʲôôòŻ

㣬ÿζҪôãǳһۣ˵ǸŭСӽССصؽһŭйزˣίίڽǳ

ۿŽǳСӵӣ۵ײȾ˼Ц⡣
аСƢƣǺͽǳһޣǵӡ

Ҫһʱ䡣ǳ۵
̫㲻⡣ۿڵ

ǳһ죬ֵһۣȴûŻĽС

˵ǳϣһֲֻסŻСӣƳһۣС۾Ѿ˯ˣſڳʵǡǲǶñŽС

룬ڵܣ´Ū罫ͷ
У̫϶֡ǳ˵ֿһۣĺ⻹ûȥַ

ǳǰͷڵ̫ˣҲЩ§ŻСûһ˯˹ȥ

۶һ̲סȥһ½ǳʱǳСȴһ΢ġء

۵ͷȥСһﻹ˯أﶼû˷Ƣ

֮󣬽ǳЩá
״ҹһҹΣЩƣ

һСͷأǳſڿһԺһһСӣЩ

һŵ飬Ѿ뿪ˡ
һ˴£ڱ㿪ʼ⵰ûлˡ

ǵһڽУ۰ȶ֮󣬽ǳһֱ磬Լٻһŵ෴Լ׼ȴʲôûС

ǳǵ˵һӸͷһ飬һǲ˵ǺܺÿƵģ

ôأ
ǳ룬ôµĹؼϡ

ϾºǺƶġ

ôˣۼǳһֱšüͷʵ
ǳСӵĶ䣬ʵȷе𣿡

һû뵽ǳһ羹ھЩ⡣
룬ڵǲУԣ

ǳ
ðɣԭⱪſڿӡ

ǳô»ȥɢʸסȥһɢ˵ס볯Էȷһ£ϴζԷҩûЧ

ǲУٸһԣɢ˿ڵ

ǳ

ôһŵɢ˿ʵ
ǳ죬Զ۾СˣЩ顣

ǰһµ̬ȣýǳ£ѾһֻСˣǳǹ˼ȴɴš

ܲܳȥ˵ǳʵ
ɢ˻ͷһСˣڵİɣûָأ˵ʲô

ǳЩŰɣԥ˰ſڵ֪۵ħʲôˡ
ʲôɢ˿ʵħһֱͦġ

ǳڵΪ˽ȶô׽
Ŷɢ˻Ȼ򣬿ڵҲû

ǳæʲôûͲģ
ɢüǳʵ

ǳϰ߳ʰԼ£ǶɢˣԱ߻һֻСˡ

ǶǹȥˣġǳЩص
ŶɢһȻص

ǳ̬ȸЩ꣬ʵ㵹뷨ӣβħ
ð죬ۡɢ˵ֻܿˡ

ǳһΣĵ˵˵û˵

´ȶʱ㣬ԼǸⶾĹߡɢ˿ڵ
ǳе޹ڵҹˣҿûɹߡ

ɢʧЦҾûô׵ģ˶û㡭
˵һ룬⻰Щʣæֹס˻ͷ

ϴڽУǳȶΪıħӰΣգɢһֱ˽ⶾḶ́ȫĿһС

ǼգΪħӰ죬ΪЩʧأҲûǽǳǳͲǸģȻûۣŸɢӡ

ǳգһʱҲûĻʲô

Ӿһֱίɢ˵
ǳһʶ˶Է⡰ίô¡

ͿˣƫƫһֱŲšǳε
ɢ˵Ӳ㿴˲˵֪⣿

Ѿزˣ𣿡ǳڵ
Ѳȥ˵ҲˣҾþҲͦã

ԽǳƢԣôȥ˵Ļ

ħһһϦγɵģҪȻҲҪʱաɢ˿ڵżƵúܺãֻҪߣӾȻܽ⿪Ľᡣ

Ҳûбżȥǲµȴ

˳ȻɣÿôǣԽħ춯øʵ䷴ɢ˵

ǳôһ˵ҲԷЩ
֤׽ԷҲܿסħ

ħЩֻҪܺúÿס㲻Ҫ̫
ˣǳи̤ʵһЩ

ԣ˵ǳһɣ˷ɢǷĲԾ֮ɢһۣʵô֪Ǹʱף

ɢü۵һ˿εɫ
ǳһšü͵

ǡɢæ͵ϴڽУ˵ǿƲסħҶŵ㡣

ǳͷˣա

㿴˶ãǳʵ
ɢһЦڵǽ˽صǴͷ

ǳ
ˣ

ļգǳһֱɢˡ˳ȻǷʱ̬̹Ȼࡣ

ȵط֣һ̬̹Ȼ֮۵̬ҲȻ˲٣ദǱǰЩӸǢˡСҹż׽һΡ

ǼСӲʡģÿαʱ򶼻ţº󻹻ŲӡءؽкһýǳÿζҪ̲סۡ

ֱ˱ӣСڲݵ׷
Ա޳ڱܣٶȸеٮٮߡ

СȻ̣ܶٶȾҲ

ǳ߿һĻһʱʱ㰴ԼСϣ̽һ.ھûж

~һ𣬽ǳ̧ͷȥСҽСߡ
С˳úܿ죬β𶼽ѾԷɵúܸˡ

أСϲСˣȥ
С˱ͿշȦȦСһֱ׷

ӼСӱˣŵĽǳ
ǳأĿһֱԶĲݵϡ

һɣԾ𣬳ߵĽǳ˶ȥ
һպδǳײʹȴɹѽǳ˵˵ϡ

ӾӸ¿Žǳŵ̵ͷ㳯ǳȥ
ǳЦƿ͵һ㿪ȴģǰ

ǳűӵԴ˲䣬㻯˿ȸģ

ԶɢԶԶһĻһһһֳֻһŵСһһһֻһĴǻ浹ΪȤ

ӰſڲݵϣϸϸŰ׿ȸë
׿ȸҲܣŵ̵ͷ¹Լÿһë

ʱã׿ȸͷǰıӣʶȻЩƮ·صʱһ㡣ʱۣҲϲô˻һ

ֻǸʱ̫꣬¶
ȴֱһɬζ

ǳӻл󻯳Σ§ס˱ӵĲڶԷǼ˲䡣ӴʱҲΣ˽ǳĴϡ

ǻؾǰɡһǽǳ۶ߵ
һĿż־ȡ

ǳֵԿˣصľƣ״ԪɸЩûء
ȶҪˡۿŽǳڵ

ǳ˵ͷ֪ûϵ
ҵħܿ磬ǡšüͷ

ǳ鲻Խյ۴һ£ڵһֱƵúܺá
ҡƺҪȴֲ֪˵ʲô

֪ʲôʱ򶼲˺ҵġǳڵ
Ŀһ˿ʹɫڽصʱЩˡ

Ϊտʼ㻹ûħ׼ǳڵ󲻻ˡ
ۿŽǳƺЩȣǳ

Ҫ֪״ݵ׵ģɢ˺ͷڣиһǳܳ

һ˾ǡЩ롣
һƲסħأ

ȥɡǳֵȻҿˡ
˵ȴżֲεЦ⣬ǵһʱЩ񣬱ϡͿӦˡ

ֱ˴۲ʶʲô
ǳôƺˡ

Сô죿ۿݵķʵ
棬įġǳڵҵȶ츴ˣʱһգܲԱ߿Űɣ

ŷӦʱýǳⰲżֱ̫ˡ
ʵЩ׽ǳΪʲôͻȻ˵ؾǣЩģԼʧأ³⣬Լܱýǳ

Ȼ֮ۼǳʼպܷɣҲչ˲١
ĳ˵ǳκذο

кְ˴֮󣬽ǳֵͷ۵ҪȲŻؾǣڳдΣ

Եͷ㡣
˱ûŻؾǣڳ˼ҿջ˽š

ǳƺܵȤѧסջȥѡ

ǳѡ˼ɫԼѡ°׹䳤ۡ
ۿ·ɱƽطǴΡ

ʱǳС˸Ĵӣ˺ü壬˺þòûԼЦǳûٴǺˣЩϧ

ĺÿͻȻڵ
ǳЩɵؿһۣѡǼġ

һһشӳӳڽΪۡ

ǳһǺۣúȻţ֮Ϊñͳڣ·ôһģѲעĿο߻иӢ䲻ۡ

˸߹ֽǣһĵ㿴һӭ׶顣
Ϊ׵һϮۣŸͷŻΡ

ڳסǳڵ
˵׵飬ǵһμ

ȥýӰӽӵԼȥӼҵ·ϡ۳ǳ͵

ǳһԼϵĺӣֿһϵĺӣЩӡ

ӻؼ֮ʲôǳʵ
ɼϯд͡ĵصɢͻ붴

ǳššüʵ붴
ǽ.䡣۵

ǳ룬ڵĻ࣬ͦ˼ġ
˵Ŀ¶ɫƳɫһ¡

żʲô𣿡ǳʵ
룬ûʲôֵ˵ģٺ⻨ֵһᡣ

ǳڣżʱ򣬻ڴǰ裬͸ԷԼƯëֲͨһۣҿ͵ûҲ٣ӱʯС

Բ˽ǳܾǰ͹Լݡ

˸ӭ׵Ķ飬һֱ˻뿪
ǳվýϲǸˡ

ǳ˵ˣ۱ȥЩ
ǳԳԵĲģǺ˲پơ

ۼˣεûŽǳȾƣ½ǳܿˡ
ҹ۱Ľǳסǳһ·һֱ߶߶

˿ջſڣǳ̲סһЦ۵ǲҪ붴ˣ
һֻ˵ЦҲһЦѽǳݷŵϡ

֡ǳ۵״Ц⣬۵
Щ⣬Աһֻ֡

ǳȡһ֧ȸë
ëһ̲סֱ۵ӿȴЩ˵

ڴг֮ʱǳѾ˯ˡ

۶źȵĽǳһ˼ڤȴ֪ԼܸǳЩʲô
Žǳ֧ëë.£ǳǰƯ

ۻɱӣ˿ԼϵëЩᡣ
ëЩò֣ܲ޶һëǳɣ

Ҳÿ
ǳǰ˵ϲƤëܲ潫ԼƤë͸ǳɣǹƻѽǳŻ

ǳ˸ԺۣͷצӰԼë

ǳ˯죬ʵʲôأ
̧ͷ̧צżϸë

ǳ
ۣ




60.  ֧   ҲǣûС

ֻ˼ëצ, Ŀʮָӡ
ǳ˯Ũ֪ǧ˼齵ŲŲڵ˯

Ի, ǰ˽ǳࡣ
ǳȻԱ, סĸ첲, ż˯š

۷, ǳԴӼָħ, ֮ǰЩ仯, ǰôˣҲԸ׽ˡǳ仯̫, ҲֻǰʱֵıȽԡ

, һƬ̲ס§ס˽ǳýǳԼѡ

һҹǳ˯ر̤ʵȴʧˡ
ڽǳߣԺзһֱŽǳ֧ë, ԼԼøǳһЩʲô

ۻôЩ꣬δĹ顣
ЩȻһֱĵطȴδⷽ˼ǰæźһ, 

۴δԼһҲ顣
ǰ붼һУͰǰˣȴһ׼ûС

˴ҹʱͻȻ˽뽭ǳһ𿴹ǳӭסŽǳʱ, ƺͦȤģѧ壬ǳ͵

Ǵһ磬ǳδѵʱ۾ͳȥһ˽ӡ
֪嶨飬ͨһЩΪ

֮󣬷ﲻиӱʯ
ۿЩӣʱ˽ǳǷǳ˵ë֮⣬ҲЩ֮Ķ

۶ʱϲ˵õһӡ

Ӻ۹⣬Сõˡϰ峯۵
˵űó˽ҪӰ뿪ڵֱӸҰɡ

øװţδ̫⡣
룬ֱӽǿӴԼ´

ҪߵʱƳ˵һεĹ̨ԣһڿʲô

ֻһԵĻƳ˵ӷģСĽõģոճ׵ӴľǵΡҪ͸ˣ׼Ļŭš

Ļŭż֣ɱס˽Ų
̲סŲӿһۣڿһֻӡ

ҲҪ𣿡һλƼۿкӹСУʽ࣬ɣ¹Ҫ˻Լ׼ʵġ

ЩĶѾӣһ֧ӺҲ޷
͸ǳһ˵Էء

ˣ۱ߵ˹̨Աߡ

ԼӣˣƳк
ˡۿڵ

ҪʲôˣλӻС㣿ʡ
۵Ⱦ˼ᣬڵӡ

͸ӵĻһ֧˵ųָָ̨ϰŵ
۴һʱһ֧ӡ

ԼźʺϽǳʡ
ͨӨףӦϺõ֬ɵģųɫá

Ӻ۹ⰡƼĿתǰȡۿ
ۼûô˼˼Ǯ㸶ӡ

һߣǳ˯֮󣬼ûˣЩż
ħȣһʲô飬ɾ鷳ˡ

ƽǰǳǲôģµľͻȻˡ
ûżã۱˳ػˡ

ȥô˵һǳšüʵ
һ˵һߴۣûʲôԷЩ

㻹˯Ҳ볳㡣ۿڵ
ǳ۵״żЦ⣬ƺ񲻴û׷ȥ

س۵´͵͵ȥ֪һġ
æ˵ͷ֪ǳ˵ʱ˼ĳ־档

ȥһطǣŽǳֳ˿ջ
ǳһ²ӣܾЩһвЩ档

ֱȥ˺ӱߣȥһһϡ
ֵ죬˵򲢲ẮˮҲδ

ʲôǳʵ
ľƺúȣϲġŽǳڻͷ˸£˾Ʋˡ

䣬ǰ죬˲̫ࡣ
ǳºһֱۿΪоֹͷ͸ŲȻ

ҡ۵ŻϾƲ˵Ĺ򣬿ڵҹҵëƯ
ǳһȶˣһʱ˾Լë

Ȼ۵˼ҲȷģվٱôЩڡ

˵Ҳ֣ǳ֮䣬ôˣСӶˡɵʱ򣬽ǳǻЩ˼·ѵʱ˵Ļ⣬һ׽ҪΪ顣

ϲĻͷ㼸֧ǳڵ
æá

ǳ̧ۿæëǳÿһ֧͹ˡ
ǳôƯȸһΪͺˣǾ鷳ˡ

һַŵ´ӣӣ˼Ÿȸǳһ

֮ʣͻȻһЦתͷȥԱ˵˿ˣһŮֹΪǡ

㿴ǹƯǳڵ
ۿǳ˵ǽǳÿһЩеŮľûбȽǳÿġ

壬Ϊ˵õĻģҪٹ򣬽ԼƯƯġǳڵͲһҿЩˣܶ඼ޱ߷ίôƯĹ

Ƴһ۸ӣڵòÿҲĴҲӦ׼ԵĶǹﻶġ

ǳһЦڵһ˵ǺˣһЩóҲûƯëżרԼƯģԾͻŪһЩڵӱʯ㻹ǵúڵ𣿵һҹȥڣħҲ롣

Щӣʵڹʱ򣬸ӵ𣿡

ࡣǳڣɿֵ͵Ķ廨ţʲôС㲻֪ЩԸúܣ΢ѿӹסô廤ʲôӱʯûὫЩƷ

ššüڴŵķſס֧
аЩңһ֮һ֧Ȼɾ鷳ˡ

ǳϲӱʯ֮ģôû뵽أ۾Լ⼸Щʹˣյǳë֮Ӿ͸ˡ

¶ˡǳѹЦ˵׼ԵĶǹˡ

תͷȥӴӻȡһ֧

һŷԼ糿ڽǸֻʱδԷţӣϳ

ֻǹӺǸˣȻôƫƫûкװֻóϸã

ôƯһ֧ӣҲ֪װšǳ
ššüӵֶʱסˡ

ôûϰȰأ

أĶˣȴٳûó
һŮûãùˣƺӻ䡣

𣿡ۿʵ
䡣ǳЦЦڵҲɣҼͷˡ

̧ĨһѶͷЩӡ
Ψһֵοľǽǳƺͦ˵ġ

ܿġۿڵ
ֻͻȻˮ͵͵ֹֹ˵СҲǳڵԽԽϲˡ

ۿŽǳԷһ˫۾Ц⣬Լʱ޽ٺ롣
һֽ˽ʵϲ𣿡

ôϲֶǳʧЦҲûϲС˸رϲ뿪ǻ˺ЩʱЩϹˡ

ĿһЩģڵҼǵôֱ֦ˣǲˣá

ҲϲЩڵĶһ֧һ֧֦õķ㣬뻻һ֧ǡǳһЦڵ

һ˿εɫ̾˿û
ڽ֧յüʪӷŻ˿ڴͳȥĴ㡣

ǳ˿֪Щ˼ֱӻ֮󣬲ŷۺЩﲻЩò׼

۴糿ƺͲˣ
ˣǳҲûٶ롭

ǳڳ˴գֱС̯ӣ̲סһ˫ͷЬһͶͷñ˵ǵСδΣĻκҲҪЩǳ˾Ȥ̲סˡ

Ҳ֪Сκ˭ǳڵ
Ƴǳɫ̲סʵϣ˭

ǳ㣬κÿĻ
˵ſһۣĵ۳ҲͦÿƺҲС

СǽǳԼĵѾˣëɫ֮⣬۵ķ棬ǻκ󳤵ҲۣҲ̫ƽˡ

໹ɣúÿۿڵ
ǳ۵̲סЦ⣬Ҳࡣ

˹䵽ҹ󣬱ССĵϵҲҹЩ

Ԫڡۿڵ
Ŷ˵ǳԲĽաǳڵ

۵˵ͷŽǳڽֱ˼ҹӣԲ

ϧĶ첻䣬ûѩȻƯۿڵ
ǳڹΪʪůǲѩġ

ǰĵطҲ䣬Խǳδѩ

嶼ϲ죬Ҳϲѩڵͦ뿴ġ
ͷлᣬȥѩۿڵ

ǳ۾һڵھȥɡ
һתһ룬ƺҲǲС

£ȥĶһģδҪؾǡ

˳Բ֮󣬽ǳͷˣȥĴ㡣
ڽһ·ÿĵ̲ס˵ҪݵС

ôһ·ǳǻƾʮյ۲òӹ˻ưŻơ

·ӱߣǳֿ˷źӵƣ̲סȥ
ŵƵ˶Ը̫С塣

Ҳһյɡǳ
Աһյӵƣýǳš

ǳ˺ӵƣ̲סʵʲôԸ𣿡
š۳˵ͷ

ǳźӵƵϣһŵеĻܷһֻȸ
һԵüζؿ˽ǳһۡ

һ𣿡ʵ
ܶԸ𣿡ǳʵ

彭ǳˣҿ԰Ѻӵƶ
ˣ˾ûԸˡǳڵֻʮɣʮӦùˡ

ۣ
۱ָǳʮֻӵơ

ϣС˳Ρ
ϣջָǡ
ϣһŵĻ̫ˡ
ϣͿ±Ͷ̥

ڽǳ󣬿ŽǳߵһӵƣЩʧ䡣
ΪֹǳµԸûκһǺԼйصġ

ϣ
ǳ˵һ룬תͷһۣ󽫺仰ĳĬ

ۣ

ǳʣµԸûٳ
һ棬һ̲סڴЩǳû˵ڵԸӦôһǺԼйصİɣ

һ㡣ǳһյӵƵݸۡ
۽ӹյӵƣ룬ĬĬһԸ

Ưߵĺӵƣǳ̲סʵʲô
ۿŽǳûʲô

ǳ΢΢һ죬ڵ㡣
Ҳ㡣۵

ǳЩˣ۵ģȴԼ
ǳ־Щˣ֪ǸԸ϶ǺԼйϵġ

˼˵ڵԸйһ
ΪǹڶԷģŲ֮ڿڡ

գǳ۱̻˾ǡ
ǰ۹˰ѽǳЩСⶼ͵ͷݵĴϡ

һãǻӣûʲôı仯

һ·ϣǳ۶¡
ǳÿ춼С̽Ŷ֪εûе

Ȼ֪ûϣӲٳûгµ

ҲûõȥԴϴͼǳʧ֮һֱĥŸô졣ϧⷽʵûʲô츳һ·ûȻ

ǳ۾̾أЩģħʲôסϸ۲㷢۵׵ħû춯ݵ֮ʱ࣬ԷЩ

˷뿪ݵǶԵġ
ֻҪ̹Ȼģڵħðࡣ

ص֮󣬲δŻƽۼǵýǳ֮ǰ˵Կӣǻȥһ˾˾Ʋ˺һֻӡ

ۻ׷׳кͽǳֹ֮󣬱鶼żѯ˼¹ȥ򣬷嶼֪¹ˮ飬֪¹Ѿˣֻ뿪˾ǡ

ȻھվãϾ壬ǳ¡
ۣҲкһ뿪£ҶԴ˶ϰΪ

ԥһҲû¹ǡ
ҲѾˣҲ˽ˣûҪ

ӾʱѾӽƻˡ
ǳֺȵģ۽ڱϣƽȥ

һ뿪ʱδٻû뵽ʱãһλصø˵ǣǳҲڣǶһˡ

𣿡ǳϣԺʵ
۴ӽǳҡʣ˲һ۵Ⱦ˼Ц⡣

ˡۿ첽չڣȻߵԼſʱȴסˡ

ֻԺǿŸߴϣ˼ֻ
ϸһֹԺеϣſҲֻ

˺һȷһ£Լȷʵûߴط
ƽֻһôߵ

ôˣǳˣãȻʵ
һôʣڵˡ

ǳԭأԵʱ˲٣̧ͷ˹ȥҲ˵

˭ˣǳãȻʵ
ҡҡͷ֪

۱ߵſڣûŽȥˣûˡ
ǳɨһȦԺ˺ܶණǰЩһˡ

ǡǳššüڵ
Ҳ쵽ˣȻԺеŨңϡܾġ

Ǵǳ˰Σڵھǵĸ㲻˰ɣ

ۣ
ܣҲǣûС




61.  ֧   С

ˡ, ڵ
ǳʧЦ͵ôסţ˲ٶء

ǳ˵Žݿһۣİ赹ûô۵סͽǳǰסǼͷ, ǴǰС˸סһƫ, Լʰһ, ǴӦסľ

˭أššü, ʵ벻Լھǻʶʲô

˵Ǵ, , Ҳûж׽δסĳ̶ȡΨһпܵĴֻԼס

Ҫ㱨, ǰ£Ҳôµһǳ뿪Ц

, ڵӶԷס˲һˣսھӦʶţȥһʡ˵ձ˼ţǳ

ƽﲻǻھ׽, סþˣʶٻʶġ
ھһʮ㣬ź飬۵ѯ֮, ڵǹﲻҿҲܿΣϲġ

ӣھӼҳ֮󣬽ǳüۡ
ۿڵûã֪ġ

, ԽԽˡ
ǳۻȥ֮ĥŸôӦµľ档

۵˼ֱţֻҪԷʱץסʸױǡ
ǳȴĴ۶㵽ϣ˵ҪԷһϲ

Ϲŵǳ۶˸ߴ֮󣬱֦Ҷڵס˭ͷҲѷǡǳʾԼһ޼Ѱˡ

ǳҪסۼľǸʲô

ûеȶãҹ󲻾㴫춯
ǳϢϳ¿ȥһСһһؽԺӡ

СﲢǶһˣͷһӡ

ôһеģǳа
ϧǳ±¶ԼûȻ޷ȷӵݡ

ƺµ룬һͷ
ǳ漴⣬۵˼еҲֻ

ȽϽ۵ļʱԺвûвǳ˺ۻ࿴һۣһ˼ƺеͷ

ǳ͸ķ϶ӣϧۼʵïʢ˺ð죬ǳûпĳ࣬ҲûǴӡ

Ƴǳ⸱Ƶ飬ʧЦһ½ǳָ˼ֱȥʺˡ

ǳҡҡͷʾٵȵȡ
ֱӴȥδ̫ˣ˾˷Եˡ

󣬽ǳϴ˺ðΣֱֻӡ

֪ΪβδŽݣǻԭΣǳŷһֻ塭

˿ûвϲŵĽǳۣԭκֱ֦˽ǳǰ

ǳ
ۣ


ΣһʱЩΡ
ֻֻϴαǾȹֻ

ȷӦ˹ʵΪλҼңϼҴڴ˱Ĵ
æҴģԭס

ǳһһɿһۡ
Щˣæ˵Ҽôд

˵ġЩ޹
ǳԿʵôʶģ

Ա㽫ԼǴʶ鳯ǳ˵ˡ

ԭϴνǳۼ֮ǰһֻʱˣҪˣ΢Ҳûʲô㶯ɱģżȡ˶ԷԼˡ

Ժ޷֮Сʵ²ȥ֣㽫Էˡ

СҲ֪ͼ֪ĶŪ˺ЩҶӸЩҶޣȴҲ㻺ľŵ˽ǳ·ʱ

һ֮ԵΪԵټû뵽Ǹ֮˾ǣڵھʱûҵŵĵط΢Ҳ˱Աʱסš

۳ɵشڵûմȾɣ
ʲôǳƳһʵ

ۿڵϲ
ϲô֪ǳʵ

ЩΣЩѿڶ˵Խǳͼı죬ǳһԻ󣬱ֹס⻰ͷֻĿżӿ

֪ʵʲôҲ͵ˣû˵䣬ȥմȾˣҲĻû˵ˣֻ˽ǳһۡ

۱ٶЩˣ۵ħ֡
ǳ״ס۵ֱָ֣ϰĦƬ̣

̾˿ҲۺͽǳʶǴԷ˵ԼסƭģڵһѰһסͲڴ˴߶ˡ

˵մ·ȥΡ
ǳҲˡ

ˣֻʲôǳʵ
һ漴뵽Ǵ̫΢ˣǳûǴʲô

ڵӡ
ӣǳšüͷһۡ

ҲӦˣڵ˵û
ʲôûʵ

ǰסǳ
ǳһ䣬ƫű򿪣ǹͷ̽Դǳۡ

￴Ƥɰһ˱һЦ˿ûбŤ֮С
½ǳ۲ʶԼƵģרŻԭԺQ˼¡

Ȼֻӡǳһȵ
ձС˸ӷȡֻӣ

µҲ֣ԺôһҶӣеþ˱㼳ȡ˲ŻѰ壬ҲֻпҶӾܻģСӼлԵų⡣

СӳǳС˸ȥ򣬵֪ԷûųҲû׷ʡ

ϴʱҹþãû㻹ͦʧġǳ
СЦЦڵ֪

ǳΪʧ䣬һа˿û֮УСӸջǸտûãϲŭֲ

Ū֮סƫ
ûԼߣۼҵϡ

ҹ˯ǰǳһֱ̲סп

û뵽СӾҾܵС˸ǳڱ⣬Ҳ֪ͼһֱС˸ܱԷ

ھסЩӱ㽫͵ɡǳڵһС˸磬ҲȥһۣڣҲ֪ˡ

Ȼһжǳġ

һ磬ǳûأš
ŵѾӭԺǴǸκ͢ٵĹԱ

һ˻飬ֻúŽǳ˶κ͢ٵ̬Ȳáǽǳ֮Щ棬ѯʲô°ӡ

Ҳ鷳ʹˣûˡκ͢ٿڵγµǹӼ࣬Ѿ˱£ҵȾưҵæ˽һ£ҲûƵⰸӡ

ôһ˵ǳԽ¡

ҹΣ͵ʹ˻ؾءκ͢ٵ
Ϊ˵ȵۣسŵĹٱк˵ֻҪ˾ǣ֪Żۻĵڶձš

Ӽôˣǳʵ
֪ϸ𣬹Ӽ½ѧȴҶֻǶù̫ˣŻᲡɴÿ춼µѧӲκ̾͢һ࣬˷żٵӣµѧӲһ춼û¹

ǳʵʲô
ҲǴ󲡣ǻԲѡκ͢ٵֵǣҲֻһգվͻ

֢״ȻδΣѧ˲ʵ̫аˡ
κ͢˶꽻ľ϶Ϊ

ôΪβǰæʵ
½ȥûκ͢ٵ

֮⣬ֻ۳С

ۿڣǳڵȴˣе˼
֪ǳȥӦˡ

κ͢ǧлԷġӼͷѧӣأôȥضǵĻ̻̣ʱ˵ְҪˣԸæ

ǳ۵˹Ӽ࣬κֱ͢ӴȥѧӣԷϻԲѣǿŵûʲôɫҲž˯һ㡣

ǳǰ̽һѧӵü
Ҳǰ̽һ£˵ͷ

ǱմȾ𣿡κ͢ʵ
˵룬ڵѴǰԹѧҼҪʻ

κ͢æԸ˹Ӽˣûãѧӱ˹
ǳǰֱ̽ǵ󣬳ҡҡͷûв

ۿһЩѧӣʵǻ赹֮ǰֵ֮鷢𣿲ʲôֻҪòĵطҡ

ĵûУ֮ЩƣǹҲͻָˡһѧӿڵоǣǼ񶼶һյļ䡣

ϸ˵˵۵
ǻ֮ǰһ飬ǵˡһѧӵ

뽭ǳԿһۣĿżȻ
ЩѧӦǱĳˡ

֮ͻᱻ֧䣬ʶҲʱɥʧǶ뿪ˣ岻̫ܵӰ죬ֻһգǱվã֮ǡ

һ컻һѧӶᣬӦþǲ˵ǵѧǴ֮󣬽ǳڵĺǣӼÿ춼µѧлԣû˵𣬿ֵĻ̻̣˶ڵһľԼи߰ĴԲϴӰ켫

ʲôκ͢ٲú棿

˵նδϹ۳κ͢ʵ
ǰ˷żٺ󣬹Ӽÿնѧӻ赹κ͢ٵ

ΪżٵʱûԼٺŲѧС

նǽձضҲˡǳڵ
κ͢ٷӦ֮æʵʹ˺ͻˣܲܽס

ûлش⣬ǿ˽ǳһۡ
ǳ⣬һ

ˣ쵽ǳ۵˵ݾߡ

˽ӼеѧӶϵһĵط۷Ը
κ͢æȥ죬ûһӼѧӱ㼯ˡ

ǳ۴ѧӱ֣ĿѧɨһۣδҲ

ʱȻͷųԼ߽޵ѹ⧲ͳʱƬ򣬾ǳ̲סššü

ǲзӦģȺгһʧˣԵøͻأ
޷ֻôһ±¶ţǰȱܡ

ץסۿڵ
ǳһͬ׷ȥ

ΪΧ̫࣬Ǳ˴˶ûʩչھǵĽֵ׷š

ڣѰӽһУǳ۱ܿȺԭΣȻδüʩչǰͷס˽ŲǷܡ

þòʹˡӱѧתǳۣǺ

ţô㣿ǳȵ
ŽǳϴżΣħȴѾˡ

ǳǵϴ״ԪԷʱԷħӰ켫ѾʧȥǣȴʶҲʮ

⵽ô£ʵ
ָָϻԵѧӣڵҪȽͻȥ˵

ȥ˸ѲǵĹٱöԷǻԵѧͻ˹Ӽࡣ
˼Ѱ˸ż䷽˵

ĵȷ̫ˣ˵
ǳû뵽ϴô̲סЩЦ

Ҳ˽ǰ˵ˡ

»Ҫ״Ԫɵȶ˵𣬵ʱ״Ԫɵ֪ԼĴ֮󣬱ͬԼȶʧ֮ʱúɱˡɺȴ²֣᲻״ԪŰ״Ԫɽ˺֮ǡ

״ԪȻҲ
ֻɥ˼գ£û뵽ħ

ֻԸǼΪġ
ħȫʧüЩ״Ԫһˡ

ǳ۳֣һѣת

ܵӼʲôϵǳʵ
ҵħס֮֮˽Ӧڵ

״ԪΪ˻ȴϵҹ
˵Լţҵ״ԪɵҪΪ͢Ͱվġ

״ԪֹһӱŤ
鲻࣬ǻ֮ģ״ԪɵıһŲ

ǰ״Ԫֻһʱ飬δãȴ˽֮﾿ʲôԥȥӼʥ飬ĵ˵ܺ״Ԫе㹲ͬԡ


žһʰˡ

ȥǴ㿼״ԪǳЦ
ûʸμӿƿ

ǳһû뵽ĶҪƿͷֻʮϡ档
ƽһ˵˶ʥ飬һƿ

ںκЩȴûˣ»治ճ

֪֮𣿡ǳʵ
ûҸڵ

ȥӼ飬δҲ̫ˣЩˡ

Ҫȥ𣿡ۡ
ššüôЩѰ졣

ΪԻ֮ĹأŹأҪҲȥɺȷʵû溦˭忴ǼܻƵ飬漰ôѧӣɷ忴ֻҪֵһ顣

¼Ȼǣ˴£Ҫһ
ȴ˺ȥ״ԪϢԼŽǳȥκ͢١

κ͢ľ֮˶ɵˡ
Ĭ˰ΣҲ֪˵ʲô

ﵹиӣôǿиǳڵ
˵κ͢ٵ

ǳڵκܳ룬˵ӼİȫҲǸ⣬ûǻɱ롣

ǰҵȶ壬ʵǷʤκ͢ٵ
˷أҲûΪڹӼɡǳڵ䲻ǵʹˣԸѰǴ´ġ

κ͢æ⵹֮ãɡֻԸΪ°
ð찡ϲ뷨ӸһݣӼ鲻ˣǳڵ

κ͢һЩƣһôȥӼ顣
תһ룬ҲǲԣԱ֤ѧǵİȫ뵽һѵ廤

Ҫμӿƾ𣿡κ͢ٵ
μӿƾΣʱŪͬţҲ鷳ʹˡǳЦ

κ͢ԶپǰǴδ
ǴҪǰɾͼ򵥶ˡ

κͨ͢˴˽ڣձȥּ⡣
˻ŴҲϡ棬ټûжУ˴¡

κ֮͢۱һֱ̲סǳ
ǳ̲סЦһֱ㣬ҸӰġ

㵹ǱҸʺӦǡ۵
ֻǡǳ˵ŽŲһ٣üͷš

ۼ״ʮֽţʵôˣ
ǳҡҡͷڵûʲô

ЩģǳȴЦЦȥ
ֻۼǳ㲻ôȥ۵ͷ

Ⱦƣʵ
ؾˣȻҪȸʹ졣ǳڵ

ݵҲоƣǳܾԼȾƲھƹȾôзΧΧľ㣬㣬ԼǼõϡ

˽˾Ҫ˾Ʋˡ
Ը˻Ƴƽһݣ

֪ΪʲôϲȾ𣿡ǳڳ۵
ֲȥǳǸմϵľգڵƺúȡ

ǡǳ۰ԼƣһŵĵһգҲطĵһգľǾƵζÿһκȾƵʱҶ뵽һ죬£ҺȾơ

һ۵һ˿ε⡣
Žǳֵգ㻹ҳи硣

ûйۿڵ
ǳһ⿴Цʵ

ۺһͣڵ롣
ǳššüͷͻȻַסǡ

Уʵ
ҡǳһңȻ춯

һһסǳֱ۵ǳôˣ
ǳ۵һ˿Ȼ˼ʧȥֻܰ뿿ۻ

۱Ϊȶˣɿȴȫ
ȻʲôһŽǳһ̽˽ǳС

ǳŽǳۿЩ졣
ǳڻڽǳߵС

ǳ




62.  ֧   ۲ۣ

ǳ۵Ļ֮, һʱЩûӦ
˰Σʶۿ⡰Сָ˭

ϴ۸Сȡ֣ȡ˸Сʱ˳˵һŵ, ȡССǸʱǳû̫ȥ, ԲŻһʱӦ

ļٵģǳŰɵؿ, ְԼСϡ
Ԧһ̽, Ȼоһδε

ǹǰĽСһ, Щ粻, Žǳ۵Щʱ֮, ὫۺϣһµĶ

ԡĶ, һŵ

ǳʮָӣЩϲãЩãȻЩ
Ѿйһξ飬ȴ˿û·ƶС

ϾһУӿʼľ˳, һ

㲻ˣۼǳ⸱飬šüʵ
ҲǡǳһۣƱһ, ڵ̫ͻȻˡ

ʵһҲͻȻԴǴ׽֮󣬱׼Щڴɵһ쵱֮, һ֡⧲ĸо

𣿡ۼһֱšüͷְڽǳСϣԼŽǳδ͵ǹ

ٶ˽ǳǹҲɹ˽ǳ
ǳ侲ƿ۵֣Щ졣

ĻƿһĻһߵ˹̨ԣкһ¾ƹ
ƹһ֣أΪʲô£ʵôˣ

ƹģǲǵ֮ǰ˵¥һװĿˣƿʵ
ǵðǿװۣ˵¥ԵжҪȥ١ƹ񿪿ڵ¥ƹ£¡

ʾһ򣬵ϰһɣˣҲ¡Ҷǰˣǰ·Сһֱӣ黹ͦʹƵģҿҪضˡ

ϰ˳ŻƵķȥڵǺֹһذɣòʲǻ˰

ˣҲжаʱ˵ͷءƿڵ
ʱԶȥǳСǳɫЩȻ˵˾ʲô˽ͷӶһ͡ûġ

ƹԭŻǷȴЩˡ
ֻˣԸжӵģ

ǶӲҲӦǼȥéȥҽݣеŶӣڼ仹˱ơ

ƹģô죿ƿʵ
ƹһΧʳͣ룬ڵȥǰɡ

˵մӹ̨ͷֱߵ˽ǳ۵ǰ
ǳһЩؿʵ˭

СƹλСľƲΣвθڣƹ񿪿ʵ
û¡ۿڣЩӲȻڴ˴š

ƹˣȴֻˣæЦԱλӿʲôʣ¿ȥһӦ¶湫Ӹˣ⻹ԸЩ

֮ǸˣԼѾʶǵġıȴҲûҴϣܸһĪҪС⡣

ƹھǿҲӲ硣
֪ĵϣЩӽ˴ˡ

ҲҪ򡣡ǳڵ

ƹô˵֪Է϶ԼӵĶˣЩա
鱾ǼΪ˽飬Щһİ˲𴩣Ȼ᲻ڡ

Һõúܡۿڣǳֿڵͷˣл
ǳ˵ձҴҳ˾ǱӰЩĶӡ˼ˡ

Žǳ۵ıӰƹ˿
æչһݵؿԼƹʵƹģôǸߵģ

֮飬֮£֪ˡƹһؿڵ
ǻƼǰ¹뿪ʱ͸ˣֻԷѵƹĻԷĿ˼ֳݡ

˾֮󣬽ǳЩ߲ȣС
۶˵һ󱳣һϥ䣬ֱӽᱧ

Լߡǳ
֪ۿڣȴû

ǳ쵽Χ˶ڿۣæڵǶڿǡ
ҵĻǾͿˡ۵

ǳӦѸ٣Թ˺ðβʶ
֣Ȼˡǳڵ

Ž£ϵȴûջȥ

Ǿôӵ뱧Żƽ·һֱ̲סǳĶӡǳôڴԼӣȻǰٰ㲻ϡ

ô㵽˼ſڡ

ûˣ𣿡ۿʵ
ſˣͲһǳε

۾ŽǳͻȻڵ㻹ûء
ǳ⣬ͻȻЦЦʵʲô

硣۵
ǳӦ

û뵽ǳУһֽһƵϣȥȻûǳôһ֨ѽһͿˣ۸æ§סǳڽǳҧһ¡

ͬʱۺͽǳͬʱоԺе
ﻹֻأ

£ʯǰһĻ
һʱЩΡ

ۣһԵžƺƺҲ˲پƣЩˡ

ȿȣԭڿأе춼ͣӦ֮æջߣ㣬ۺͽǳ㿪ڵ㡣

ȷʵͦġ˵ζؿ˽ǳһۡ
ǳһֵþ˴룬εسӿһۣ㾶ֱݡ

۸ͷݣ˳ִš
ǳϱţ鲻õӡ

ˣ۴չȥӺͷסǳʵ
ǳĬƬ̣ڵûС

ǳƤһֱͦģԺһ壬һĳųģײһĻǸоԽǳ˵ЩΡ

ǳ鲻ǰôܿˡ

۲ۣһڽǳСϣʵ
ۡǳһʼûʲôоġ

ǳǵһŵʱܵǺͷǶӣڵڳײŵղð

ʱδͽǳһͬ£Ҳ֪һЩġ
ˣ۲Щۣڽǳߵհ㰲òã

šǳӦһһֱָϡ

ǰûڽǳеǶʱһֱŽǳڵ֪֮£һֱ۵һź

ں֮ǰ˾ǽǳԸһŵһҪʼնŽǳ뽭ǳһͬ¡

һνСһ춯հɣۿʵ
ǳһʶ˵һա

սǳյ֪۱Լⶾ壬գˡڵƽҪҽǳĻ֡

ԭǳԸǰǺѹģƫƫǸʱڵ춯Щˣۼʱ֡

Ǹʱһ޼ҡۿڵ
ɱ㡣ǳڵ

ǳ˵ЩģŤͷһۣ濴۵׵ħδءǽǳת˸۲š

ۿڵ
ϲǳڣֲֻϲ

Բǰɢ˳˵Ļɢ˵ǳֻϲΪڽǳǲһġ

ûǳ׿˵ЩװʵΪʲô
ǳššüԼ벻ⶼҪʡ

˵ĿƿŽǳ
ǳĿ⿴Щڣס۵۾ſڵΪһĳװ㣬ױǣ

һʱˡǳǸ˵黰ˣմΪ˾ƵԵʣ˵Ļǿĵʱͱĳ

δŲǳԼ۾֣ǿڵʱ㰮ҵǸʱҲ㣬һĳװң𣿡

ǸʱǳʧЦ
СۿڵһأһֻʾãҶûӦأֻ˼Ҫ󣬱ûң¶ûë˵ͷɾˡ

ǳ
ϲϣȴǼŴµġ

ǰͷЩȷʵģǾ䲻ɾʲôĿɲ˵ģ۵ſڴƻơ

ǴΣͻȻҪȮ˵ʱʱûţҲˣֵͬǴҲ˺ЩӣһϴȮͳ

ǳʱƢԲ̫󲿷ʱºˣϸ룬ʱĽǳûٳƢ

۵Ҳϣɽǳô֣յȫա
ٻЩСĦһ˼۲Щ鶯

ǳۿڣЩɳơ
ŲǳԼ۾ϵ֣ĿȷŸ˼ȡ

˵öԲԣۿʵ
ǳⷺź⣬ڵҲǵ

δ䣬㱻Ȼչס˱
Žǳ̬ȴżֽϵ֣ء

ǳһֹĲӦǡ
۷˸ӸŽǳ

ȻʱͷͻȻЦ
֪˵ʲô˵飬Цɵӣ

ۣ
ǳ

ǵ³ױԺûˡ
˼ʮַꡣ

Ҫǳæסֵߡ
šüΪΪӣ

ǳ۵׵ħֿʼ֣۱ħԴ󷢣æûȥߣҲҵŵĵط˵С̫΢ˣȥѻϾС˸ȻģܵӦһ

ɫɻ˴ϡ
šüݶһ㡭

飬κٰ͢úܺá
ûյĹ򣬺ݣʽԺŵݽ˹Ӽࡣ

ºԭ״ԪȥģĽܲü״Ԫɣ㳯״Ԫ˵ˡǸգ״ԪɱžƲƽǳ۵л

ӶţǷ˵

ôûһǳ
״Ԫϴź⣬ڵһȥӼˡ

ǳ̲סЦû뵽Ƕ˼
״ԪټǳۣΪˣ˵˲ٽǵȤ¡

һֱأϵħοסģǳ״Ԫʵ
ʵҲ֪Ǵμʹ֮ұŶ˵ĻŵħȻϣֻ̹ȻӾȻҲͶˡ״Ԫɵ

ǳæ㲢δʲôֻÿ̹Ȼ
Ҳû״ԪЦЦɫЩ죬ЩӣңͷݡҾһʼͦԸˣҾҲû

״Ԫ⻰˵꣬ǳʱһ졣
ǰݵ֮ʱò׼۵˼ҲҪ׽

ǲԸ¿Ʋסħ˵㡣ۿڵ
״Ԫɵ˵ͷţ֪ġ

ǳһۣҲԼæջߡ

״Ԫߺ󣬽ǳĺá
ô˳סħǳ۵ħЩġ

ʵһ֤ħʵûô£ֻҪԸȥۣҲԸΣôħһ½òѡ

ȥţܲܽħǳڵ
Ȼ״Ԫɵİ£Ѿȫסħħȴ

ǲȥһб䣬ħпٴα
ҲǴǰɢ˼ҪΪǳħԭ򡭡

ħס֮¡

պ۱Ѱ˸ᣬȥħˡ
ǳԭǴһȥģû뵽Լȥˡ

⼸͵͵ʲôأǳ̧ۿۣʵ
ЦЦŽǳţһ

ȥĶǳʵ
ȥ㿴һһصص

ǳ鹴˺ġ
һ·˾ͣһԷſڡ

Ķǳʵ
ȥ˵ۿڵ

ǳ۽ǱԷ԰ӼΪмס˵լԺ֮⣬԰лдƬĲݵغͻ԰

ͷ˽⼸յضݺۿڵΣ
ǳȻӦ˹ڵΪѰס

ۣ

治ҿˡǳЦ

ۣ

ȥͷŽǳȥ˺ͷ԰ﾹһȪǻȪżΪ峺ҲܿȽǳڹסеضҪһЩ

治ǳȪвһ˿ͷ
ĵ԰۵ļҸöã漴ȥ뷨

֪岻ͬϲסڿĵطϲεĵطԴСûô⡣ҲѡһֱסƽСԭ

ǿסۿڵ
ǳ룬ڵ˰ɡ

ȻǸС׼סǳǱסˣһƽˣҪܴ̼

˼ӿȴ֪Լܾ̼ۡ
ԴձӴ˺ͽǳ׽֮󣬱ͷ

ǰһֱǳһ
ȻУβһ԰ӣ

ۼǵãǳǰһֱźƽլûءȸϲˮȻ֪ģΪƽլ̫СԺһˡ

⼸ĴѰҺʵ԰ӣΪһȪ
û뵽ǳȫ⣬ΪǸ׼ġ

Ҳձǰ಻סŴǳ
Ȼˣ԰ֺݣٳǳʽ˵

ʱ
ѧĹأŪЩĺúһ

ˣ۲뵽ϴοɻʱǳԴĽģ

۾ãһգǳӦû˰ɣ
ֻҪǳˣŪһΡ

ЦʲôأǳԹɵЦʵ
𣿡ۿڳǳʵ

ǳ֪ʲô߰ĶڵҾ
ҲС뿪ڵǲ֪η̧ܲö




63.  ֧   ܿ죬Ͳ衭

ȥ·, ۻڳǳ˵Ŷ԰ӵİš
ǳۼϣû˯

ʱſڽһƬյأݡǺŪݵ, ͷȥʱ, ǿҰ׻ҪһЩۿڵͷԺ, ԶŪ, ʱ԰϶ܳ档

ǳЩܵص˵ͷ, ̲סȪ
ĵط۹⵹治, ϧ

ôˣǳ̲̾סʵ
û¡ǳæ˰, ˸ˡ

ֻˣæһ̽С, ڵ
ǳ̲סڵûܣá

ȵٰˡ۵ûŲڵÿҪ㰲Щ֮ࡣ

ǳһתͷۣӢü۴Щ, ·һΪҪĴ¡

ĲǳһЩˡ

ۡǳڵ
ۿǳšһ, ˵ͷĻ

ǳһڵ㳤úӢ
һǱǳЩˡ

ǳӲ˵û, ѵһ䣬ЩƮƮȻ

ÿ
ÿǳ

㡭ͻȻЦЦû˵ֻϲͳ
ǳ΢΢һȣΪжĲʸжʱɢˡ

̲סһ̾ۼϲ˲䡣

ʶڽǳͷһ£ԭֻǴŵ㰲ǵζɽǳȴƵģ𲱾ѭ۵ϢڶԷһ¡

ǳΪ̫ˣһʱЩӦ
ûӦǳյһߴһ¡

ۣ
̫Ǵ߳ˡ

ǳ۵һ佭ǳ֣ӵڻȥ
ԭΪֻһǶѣֱǵļ˽ǳ

ǳԽԽңҲʼЩ

һЩסǳȶˣ
ǳһĿжݵֳһ˿ãȻʶʲô

ҡһ죬һ˿ա
ۼ״ٴΰѽǳ§ڻû£ܿ͵ˡ

ǳЩۻʲôûֻϴԵĳ죬Ҳʮҡ

Ŀڽǳź۽ǣ̲סչȥס
ǳʶ°ͣڳǡ

ۼ״ְ׽ǳ

㷽ûȶ𣿡ۿʵ
ǳһ£֪ؾ쵽ʲô

ÿһȶʱ򣬽ǳʶֲĵĿ/Ľ綨ȶĸо

һΣǳȷʵûʶܲ

㷽ţ׽ۿڵ
ǳɫԽ˼֣ۻˡ

ۼ״۵Ⱦ˼Ц⣬ȴûټ

ҪȻҸӡ顣
СǳڵҪüأ

ǳȶÿηҪգɲӾôĻϯصġϾǾȻв塣

ʲôʱ򵽾ǣǳʵ
ˡۿڵ˵ֳ˼䣬öԷһЩ

ȻȶԽԽǳ忪ʼԽܿơֻһβ֪ΪΣȻȶĥţʶȴԻѵģȶĥ־ʱǸȫͬ

仰˵ʶѣЩʲô̹ȻһЩ
ʶޱȣǸоͿ/ܡ

𣿡ǳʱһ䡣
ˡֵ

ǳЩ͵غһòԽԽˡ
˳˳һ²ûǳǵýǳɫ˼֡

Ҫۿڡ
ǳȴסۣڵУ

һššüȴŽǳ˼ʲôû
ʱսǳȶѾֹǽǳһ˵ˣۼѾγĳϰߣÿǳʱ򣬱ǵҲ˶һ㡣

о֮еİ£һʼĳʱ֮ζ.һѸҲ״̬

Դʱ˿̵ۣȽǳò˶١
˺üΣ۵ѾȾԵķꡣ

ʱһ·˳ſڡ
Ȼ֪ΪΣھŲԶĵطȴͻȻͣˡ

ôͣˣǳڣѾʼòˡ
һ·ǼҪٱˡ

ÿһȶ۶ߣ˵һ֮⣬ͷۼἰʱ磽⣬ԽǳѾܾûܵõĥˡ

۳ǰͷĳ˼䣬ֳſڿ˿ڵٱ̲飬ǵÿһ˶Ҫʣ˶Ծеסˡ

ҪȶãǳҪ޳ˡ
ǰͷŵ˺ͳڵƵСʱ

ǳˣĿǾ
Ȱʱܱñ

ˡۿڣýǳԼϡ
ǳһʵʲô

磽ȶۿڵ
Уôǳæؾܾȴ˿ûзͷһۣʵᱻְɣ

ġ˵Žǳ°һ£ڵİɡ




ʵ֤ǳͲ˵Ļ
ⷽ棬۵Ļû

ˣ۵ڽǳʵ
˵˲ᱻֵġǳյ

Ĩȥǳ۽ǵһᣬ˷ֵġ
ôˣ㡭һֱҡΣֲɵӣôֲᷢˣǳ

۱⸱յ鶺۵ȾЦ⣬ǸϸļƣģҶæŶӽ̲飬˭ע⵽ǵҡβҡΣ

ǳЩˣһ뵽·˶ᳯǵϼ˵ͷ͵ǳյ졣

ʱ򣬽ǳͷ˽̸˵䷢ͷҲͷ壬ܸ˰ɣ

ǳԽԽ복ֹأ϶ҲûٸҡΡ

ͣ£һ´ءۿڵ
ǳһЩţһۣȻ۲δ˵ѡ

ô˵ǳŭ
ΪԸʱˣû뵽̫Ͷ롣ۿڵ

ǳһ죬ˡ
鲻ϵȶֻһ򣬱ֿʼˡ

ǳһգȴԿ۵׽

ⶼһʱˣܽ𣿡ǳʵ
վЩ̤ʵĵġ

Ҿóͣ·ߣĵ·ҲԶֻҪģܲ³ʲô

Ӧÿˡ۵
˵кһ³򣬳æſȥ

ԭôãǰŶӵİղ඼˳ţӽƻ裬Ѿûнˡ˳ſڣʱȴһα

ʲôˣ̲Ĺٱʵ
æҼĹӡ

򿪳ٱڵ
ǳһɫʱЩѿ

⸱ģһ֪ô¡

ſǳɱԼۡ
۲һ£ųӳһơ

ͷĹٱֽסƿһۣæԭǴ¹ɡ˵սƵݸ˳ʾͬŽŽ˳ǡ

ʲôǳʵ
ʱͷһƽøǳһۡ

ǳʶĶǹٱ̬ȣƵķӦòᡣ

˻ʸģⶫֱӽۿڵ
⣬ҲִϣԷһû뵽ˡ

ʹ˵Ҳǰ׵ġǳ˵ʱϢٴοʼòȡ
ţ˵ִ§ס˽ǳڵ

ǳæУ쵽ˡ
Ա㰴ֻڽǳס

һ·Уҹ֮ʱ͵ƽ
ͣſڣǳԺĽ̸֮

ǳȶж˲٣Ҳ˲١

ұȥۿڵ
ȵȡǳ۵½ǣڵҲȥ

һ漴˹
סļգۻ϶һֱｭǳ磽ȶ

ζţ쵽ʲô
ǳֻʮְûڣ֪۵͵ؽҲʡ˺ͷЩ鷳顣˵ʲôˣſ϶Ҳˡ

ǰҲûôǼƽЩˣЦ
鷳ǳʵ

æֻ㲻鷳鷳һЩźأ
˵Цһڽǳߵ뵽һȥ

ǳʵ
Ѱ¥۵

ǳһӦʲôط

ԺУĿڽյϣĿż̽
΢Щ룬Ժĸо

ƽʱۺͽǳ붼˶˲Щ
ΪȶӰ죬ټǸ׽Щ¶š

ôˣӿʵ
룬ЩΡ

̫СˣҲʮСһ㣬ﻹǸСӡ
ڵȻݴһɡ

µ˭Ҳµ״һСӿЩг

ãȻص˵ͷҪȴֵˡ
Ϊʲôʵ

ü⣬ͷԽԽԶˡ
ǽŲˡ

һãȻȻûʶʲôĻƶǶ

ұˡ
ߣʵȥĶ

뿪ǰɡǰǹһ־þ
˵ͷʵͷܺ𣿡

ȥһΣͷͷá

㲻ҪȥĶ˵ܿҲ뿪ǡ
ӵ˵ͷţڹͺԶ

㣬ܿͻᵽġҵĶİ𣿡
ΪʲôҪİ£Ӳ

ʧЦİ£ʲô
Ƕֻӵ

̲סЦЦʱԼխˡ
ҲҲգһܻôһԼ֮ˡ

˽ǳ
ǳǳԵ֣ʵͣĳλãʵ͹ˡ

ȥ۵׵ĳЦһ£û˵ʲô
ֽסһƬµҶӣ˽

ͬʱ۴ŽǳȥѰ¥
ǳǵһֵطȻ֪ͷʲôģЩ

ֵطǲ.֮أ½ǳۻٶҲû̫˵עĿ

۰뱧ȥҪһϺõĿͷ˻µı죬ַԸ⼸ղš

ȥҪһǳڵ
һʧЦǲˣ

ǳššüȴż΢ȥѽ
۵ȥҪ˾ƣЩشŽǳ

ǰɲģһм䶼ϢЪ㲻ˣһֱұ𡭡ۿڣż

ǳס죬˵ȥ
ۼ״죬ｭǳһơ

ͦģǳһζʶˣϾȾˣû뵽ġҲ£ĽǳҲͦĶ￴Žǳ΢ҵغȾƣһȤ

ٵһǳ
һæԼҲһ

ۿһ۾Ʊֵ֪طľƶ붼ɾͽǳ˵ȫֵһᡣ

žƱڽǳľƱһǱƣȴǳסˡ
ǳһڵ˵붴֮ǰҪȺơ

һȻʶ˽ǳʲô
ǵϴνǳƺɻһºǺ棬ȴû뵽ǳƶ֪ˣҲ֪Ǵġ

ȣ۹֪ʵ
Ҫôȣǳʵ

۽Ʊ£ǰ§סǳڵ־Ҫɻ鵱ܺȵģһֻܺһΡЩƲסҪǳ˵Ǹƻȴסˡ

ҲȲ˶ʱˣһ׼׵ٳǳ˵ҪǣΧ֣أһ˴˶ѵʱ򣬳ǳ˵¡

ǳĿ۷˵ֻƱϰΣԼľƱҲˡ
ܸоǳе㲻ˣĦŽǳüۣᡣ

ȶʼˡۿڵ
šǳӦ

۴յǳףڵܿ죬ͲҪˡ
ǳһ΢΢ššü̧ۿ۵ס

۵ħ֣ȻǳڻЩеȥ
ǳԭ볯˵ЩʲôģôһǣҲˣֻʩΪ




һΣǳȶʱ䲢̫á
ֹգ۱쵽ǳѾָ糣ˡ

ǳ֪δ죬ô£׽˽ղͣ

ЩϱҲҪƣȤʱȻ׽طЩǳٶΪϲ۽ǳĻ⣬˵ǳϲ׽ġ

۲δ˵ƴ£ֻװ֪
ǳҲδ˵ʲô۵úˣſ˯ˡ

۴˯֮һš
ٳ֮ǰŽǳͷһ硣

һ۱ܸӦ

ŴǰԽǳ˽⣬֪ǳָúܿ죬˯һʱӦúܿͻѣҵ飬Ҵ뿪Ѱ¥ȥס

סѰ¥ͦԶģΪ˽ʡʱ䣬Ѱû˵С·㻯ԭη񱼣Ƭ̱㵽Ŀĵء

ڼҶСأĵڶֻСҲˣһĿˡ
ۿһһŵֻСӣ̲סЦЦڵֻ飬ȷʵ

ʲô
ò׼ŪЩƲ˺ۺú𻰡

ȴԸڳһʱŶ̬ڵż˵أ˵껰ұˡ

ʲô¶ôҪ ýŲմ˻˵
¡۵


ȷʵǴ¡

԰Ͷˣʵ
ĿһݳϹ˵ʲô

ǡԶӣܼ޸㣿ڵ
ü۵ѵһ˿ȻĿ⣬ڵԸ޸ңǱȢҡ






64.  ֧   ܿ쵽ġ

Щŵؿ, 漴¶˼Ц⡣

ۻ˽ģ֪۴ǳ˼˲ͬ񲻹ܶԷΪǳʲôƺ֮С

ôͻȻҪˣҿɻǵ, ҳ׵ʱ, ûǰȤҡ

ЦЦǾͻȤˣ
, ô˵㳯𣿡ʵ

Ŀһ, ڵû
ԴһԸʵ

ȻԸġ۵
Ҳ֪Ķšһ, ֵһ, ҺǸˡ

۵һѰʵʱ˵ЩҰһ
, ׼Ͷʧ

վãԼҲɹ, 黹оġ

ˣǵĵˣʵ
ϴ뿪ݵʱûüĿﵹһֱء

Ѿƿˣһֻ۵Ⱦ˼Ц⣬Ҳ, ֵȡ˸ֽнС

Сһ̲סڵ
һ䣬ԺеֻСӱƨƨߴ˹

ûǡʧЦ
۶ֶŪһҵֻС, ɱ뵽Լͽǳӵеĵڶŵ

ϧˣҲھǡڵȻǵĽСǵֻСԳһ

˵׼ھǡ۵ǳͦϲǵġ
ҲǣھǺЩԵصȻǸŶȥ˹, ʱҪɫҸоǺϲ㡣

üڵϲҲ֮УǳϾġ
˵ҲǣСҪԵƭˣҲһӻ𡣡

˻֮⣬һҪ㡣۵ݸһԿףڵھһ԰ӣ԰ûҲûͷһȥŪЩӻ˰Ҵһ

˵ֽԼ԰ӵĹ滮˵һ飬ӻȡһͼֽ
ͼֱֽĿɿڴû뵽۾ô档

һߣǳȷʵϣûһˡ
齣Աˡ

ǳššü̧Ĵ˿û۵Ӱ
󣬽ǳĿϵľƱϣ̲סһ

۲ԸǱƣǳʱû˵ʲôǲ˵ġ
쵰ƺ«ƵģҲ֪ʲô

ǳţߵſʱӦµĽ硣
ǳָӦһǽ磬ɫʱÿЩ

쵰ˣҲûпȡ֮
ǳǽһˡ

ü۵һ˿Ц⣬Ჽ˷š

۴ҴǼһʱ򣬱ڴ￴˽ǳ
ǳϥڰǰΧźü˵ЦСˡ

ǳʳúÿһСмԵøųе˶ô糾ˡǳϲ˺ѣյ鲻žƱЦ⡣

ú𣿡ߵǰְס˰ｭǳƵ󣬽Ǿƺ˹ȥ
һ־ŸΧС˼״ʱʶʲô׷ʶȤɢˡ

ǳͷĿż⡣
ߣ԰˾ƣʵ˵ʲôأôˡ

ûʲôĻǳ
ԶʱššüڵͬЩ

𣿡ǳʵ
ģҿġ۵

ǳüһˣ֪㻹᲻
Ա֪ǳˣڽǳָϹ˹

Ҳԣû뵽ѵô졣۵
ǳԭΪ۴ǰͬǱƶأװһҪ۵Ļ⸱Сӣʱˡ

ˣ߰ɡǳڵ
Щȣ۶˵㽫˱ϡ

ɫѾˣͷɫá
ǳһҪԼߡ

ǣŽǳ֣˲촩ǵĽֵƽȥ

ǳţ̲סȥһС
ۼ״Ҳȥʵǲˣ

ǳ̧ۿۣɫ£۵˫Ŀӳ¹⿴ȥһ̶˿̶̣֮ȫǽǳӰӡ

ÿǳ̲ס
ǰôͰô˼˺ֱŤأ

ۼǳĿƶԼвһǰڽǳףʵǲˣ

šǳӦһ־Щ˼
ȶѾ磽ˣҹȥļոպ׽Σȴֶ˼

쵽ˡǳڵܿ쵽żˡ
̲סЦЦڽǳߵǾﲻɾ

ǳ
ֲء

ҩӰ첻̫󣬾һǳ˾ƻܿѹҩҩҲܿ͹ȥˡûߵƽأǳֿʼۼ״㽫˱ϣûһǳ˯ˡ

ƽ֮󣬱ԶԶſڣڵƵġ
ſ۱˯ŵĽǳ̲סЦЦѾѰµסǸҽˡ

һʾԴƬ̣ȽŰѽǳŵϡ
Ƭ̺۳ɵſڡ

ʵ㲻ذߣѾھµסƽｫãססűǡۿڵ

Щ⣬ǿڵлһǴ뿪ǡ
Ҳá۲δһûн飬һֱĴ٣ֻ֪Խǳ˼

ҳ˵һڵ
šֵӦúܿͻˡ

һ£漴⡣ӦĿڣϢųȥ˲е˼

ֻҪЩмα㲻׳ִǰ顣

ҹˡ

ǳ֪ºûʲôرķӦ뵽õǴ԰ӡԭΪ԰۰СðģˣСҪһȥС˸磬ǿϧˡ

糿̫ԽԺǽսԺ
׿ȸˮױë󻯳Ρ

ǳͷδ𣬴ɢڼԵ˸˼
ߵ̧ͷĴѡһ֧֦

ۿԥ˰Σݹȥһ֧ڵɡ
ӻǴǰ͸ǳģʵͲ֣һֱڡ

ǳĿϣڵòⶫ̫ˣ첻סͷ֦˳֡

Ա㽫ջĵǳȻϲҺõû֣ͳȥȻɾˡ

Ūɡǳ³۵Ƕ
һ£æߵǳ۵Ⱦ˼Ц⡣

ǳͷںŨܣֵĴ˳ޱȣҲѹ˵첻ס
ذͷŪãŽ֧Сϣȷ˽ǳͷɢŷġ

ʱСӴӷгǳ۴˸к
ǳָָԼͷСʵÿ𣿡

ÿСæ
ǳԺ⣬۵Ūɡ

һӽǳĵĻ˵ζ
ĳֳŵȻֻһ˵ȴ̲ס롣

ھҲûԵ飬Ǻܿȥ˹
һãӡ

ǳȼһĽ磬ŴۺСӽȥ
׺ѾѲ壬Ǽǳǲǰȥ׺ͨ

ѽ׺ͷһææӭ˳
Աߵʱ¶˼οЦ⡣

˭׺׿Сӣ۵״żº͵Ц⡣
ĻǸСŮޣ˼Ƶġ

ǳЦЦڵС˸ѣ
Ŷԭˣá׺˵űߡ

ˣ׺׳ǳʵ
Ҿ㵣ģŻһˡǳܿͻˣֻģδָɢ˵ܿͻָòһؾͻġ

׺˿Ĵ̫ҪˣǰΪŻĵô಻е˼

ֻҪδļ԰ȡ

ǳصܿʹˡ
ϢĻһϢǾǽλ塣

뿪ӣܽţϴγǼ֮⣬СǸлȻ

Ȼûлһ˵ҲǺֵø˵顣ǳǿͰ׺һػܹǽ̤ʵһЩ

壿ǲһֻһֻǣС˸Ϣ󣬿ʵ
ʲôǣȻҲδۿڵʶأ

С˸翪ڵĵطܳԵÿģ嶼ʶܸӵġ֪ľĸ𣿡

㶼˵˰˰ٱˣʹһֻС
ȷʵʹ˶ǽǿƴӣ嶼ǽС˸

⻰Ҳ٣ǳϾֻ߽״ǰҪ۵ӣԭͲǽǳ⻰С˸ôһţǳ嵹˼֡аԵƵġ

Ҳ˵˰ˣҵȥС˸ų㳯ǳסȥ

һߣǳͬ׺˵˻ȴС뿪ˡ
Ϊڰ׺ףûиŽǳһߡ

ʹ˿ʲôԸ׺׿ڳʵ
м׻æ۵Լ˸լӵ鳯׺˵ˣ˵ԼҪһЩݺӡ

׺æСһ׮ʹģ׼
һ׮¡۵ⶫżãڹ󣬲ȥܲ׻˰͵ǣ

˵˵Сһ׮׺ֵ
˵۵״żֺ棬ʵʹ뽭ˣ

ʵ԰ӱǴ㽫һסġ۵
׺Ա۵˼ͬӵһ¼ң͵˳һ㣬ʽΪ¡

мҶһ䣬֪׺׿ʵ
ššüҡͷδ˵

ӡ׺뿪ڵʱҰ˵˵
ȴлһԳ˵

ǳϾǷģڽǳ˵Ǹ׵Ľɫ
Ȼ֪ԷϲԼȴҲû취

ͽǳѾߵһѽ˴£ûб̬ѡ

һߣС˸æȥ˽ǳס
ųշɽԺУԶԶԺеſһֻɫСӡ

ĶӣС˸ػģߵ½ֻɫСӱ
ǰƽʱСദվãԶӶٻǺиġ

Сöˣʧá

ǲǺֻ񡣡ǳͷŸ첲Ͽ
С˸һǳΪˣȥڻˡ

ǳüһ飬֮ǰֻ𣿡
С˸翴һۻӣڵֻƯ

֮⣬˵ֻӳ
ǳ̲סššüΪС˸̾˿

ʵС˸籾⵹Ҳ̭ǰСӣֻǰֻѾ˸飬ȻԵӶȲֻƫƫаӶһԼֻҲϲ

ֻģС˸翪ʵ
·ϼ񵽵ġǳ룬ڵҼǵϲʹˡ

С˸̲ס̿ˮһЩǵĿˣ
ǳһһС˸绳ӣʱ֪˵ʲôˡ

С˸˵նŻСӿһǳʵǹл῾ӵҲ֪ܲܿǹա

˻һӵʱҧһڡ
ϣôҧˣС˸ʹϵһɣСӱһˡ

ǳֺֺЦɸֵؿС˸һۣڵ׷
ԣ׷ĻؿɳԲˡС˸˵ű㳯ߵķ׷˳ȥ

ǳҡҡͷһΡ
С˸磬ǵʲôʱ򶼲ϲ

˼СӱŻԭθС˸һϲȴû뵽С˸һûһģƫƫֿ죬ǳס

С˸Ӷ֮󣬽ǳݵ֮С
뿪ôãһ̲һ˵С

ǳſڳرϣر۾
ûһ㴫˽ŲϤ

ǳû۾ֻſڳرϱĿ
ûƬ̣оԷԼеˮ춯

һ̣ǳ˼ͻȻص˺ܾǰ
ʱҲһУϴźߣӱס

Ǹʱǳ֪Է˭źߵ۾棬˵Լǲ˶֮һ¾ɱ˶Է

ǳǵãʱ۸˵޷ܻȥ
ʱǳֻǶԷڹ⻰˼

ʲôأ۴סǳʵ
ǳĳˮУȾȵϢ̲סһ

Ҽǵõʱ׻˺Щ˳ȥǳתͷۣ۵״żЦʵûӳȥأǲǻһֱͷţ

ššü۵׶ʱȾ˼֡ΣաϢ
Ŀڽǳϣ΢΢һǸͻ˼֪㲻ͬġ

ŶǳʧЦͲһ
۱ǳ۾Щ죬ȴûһ

һֱ㣬ʱﻳʲô˼ǳ۴ĦƬ̣΢ָ°ϣ۵°΢΢ЩֵǵֻҽⶾҲͻң

۲֪뵽ʲô۵ħ֡
ŽǳͻȻЦЦ۵״һĨаǲһֱ棬ΪʲôҴδ׽ȴôࣿ

ǳɹתעʵΪʲô
⣬ȷʵһֱͦģΪʱȵ˼

۴յߣһһصΪ֮ǰѽͻɰǧˡŽҰƤЩÿŵĶǽ㡭յǳߵ˵˾ʲô

ǳȻһ죬ͷ۶ҧһڡ
۵״Ц⣬ǳ˻




65.  ֧   𣿡

۱Žǳ, һ೤ǡ
Ƭ̣ǳƿۣĿƶ˰Ρ

㷽˵𣿻ڹ˵Цǳʵ
Цһʵأ

Ҳšǳڵֿʱ, 㻹ʲô, мôû, һһֱҪҪɱ, ôЩΣ

Ŀڽǳ, ǴĦһ, ڵֿʱʲô, ȴʲôˡ

ǳһЩɵؿۡ

ĵس͵ʱͷ, Ҳõ˳ɻˣͿ㻹СأѾΪҪҪˣҲֻʲô

ǳ룬ʱǷ
Ƿֿʱ, Ҳʮ˾ˡ

۱ȽǳҪһЩѵ͡

㡭ǳۣ΢΢һ죬ʵǴʲôʱʼģ
۵״Ц, ʵʼʲô

֪ʵʲôǳһۣ֪ڶԼǿڵʲôʱʼΣ

룬ʼһҹ굽Ų, Ҫռ˯ĵطߵĻû˵ǳȴԼµʲô

˵˼һ㴰ֽһһͱơ
Ժ۾ԼԽǳ˼

֪ǲԼͬġۿڵ
һЩ±ԼСֲ࣬ͨͬ

ǳԲ֪뵽ʲôʵ?
һֻԼİ¡˵ֲһ䣺Լ̡

¡ڽǳУǳЩ΢΢졣
۴ӷֱǰֱ󣬲֪¹ٴˣۿеİȻˡ

׽ΣӶеڶֻˣȴδʽȷĹϵ´ǰǳԼëҲδ˵ʲôϿݵĻ

Ҹëأǳʵ
뻳ȡ˽ǳ͸֧ȸ

壬Ҳ׽ë͸ˡǳ
ֻ֪Լİ¡۵

˵⻰ʱĿһֱŽǳǳЩ˼
Ƭ̺󣬽ǳ̧ۿ۱յǳߣס

Ҵǰҳ˵Щᡣۿڵ
Щǳʵ

۵СʱФ룬ֿͻЩξСŽǳֵ

ǳ۾ʵǸ˵ˣǲ𣿡
̲סڽǳ׵ǲ£֪ϲҶ˵Щ

ǳЦЦûз⻰

ȷϲʰ£۳˵ЩʱܴһС֣أСּ֮ŶҺֱס

ǳϲۣȴǿɲһ
˵ʱ򣬾һ˼۴ߵǵõһҰ磽ȶʱ˵Ұæ

ǳ£һ۵㻹᣿
ˡЦŵǳ㲻֪жϲ⸱ӡ

ʲôӣǳûʵ
ң᲻ңӡ۵

ǳЦǾ仰־ԼʲôȦףֻܱŤشյ۴ҧһ¡

Լֿҧѽǳӵ뻳УǿƵػ˻ȥ

ͬʱ
С˸׷С˳ȥ

СӵҲڹܣ²СĴʲôֻܳԶһǰͣˡ

С˸ܹȥһѽСӱȻԴƢôôܻҧˣҴǰֻӿɲô

С˸뵽ǰֻӣ̲ס̾˿ֵҲǺкһˣҲ֪Ǳ˭ץȥˣ

С۾һ죬Щж
ȴС˸ֵ֪ǱԵԳأˡ

Сӣ
иǵжʧˡ

ҲǺܳ󡣡С˸罫СӱԼסԱߣڵϸҲͦ񣬷Ҳ˳ˣ㣬ȫ˸Ӱɡ

СҲС˸磬ڵĴ˱ģһƬҶӿС
С˸ġ顱ʵ⣬֮С˸һʼ˵Ҫ

СӹҲֻǸտǵСö񻹲󶮵νġʧ͡ŭȻ棬ܿͻᶮЩˡ

ⶫûʲôС˸ڵϰҶӣȥһˣƬȡһֻľϻӳСӱʯϣľϻӴ򿪣ͷźЩݡ

ЩȲϰ׺Щǧݣݣ˵ҲʮҶҪˡ

ԭԼȡҴӰ׻ҪһǧݣұҲòЩˡС˸翴ЩݣȡһŵݸСӵɣ˵ܳˡ

Сһݱ㿪ʼУС˸״һԽľϻݶ˳Ƭֲ̺Ƶģ˼ͷϴݷ˻ȥһ߸ľϻĸһߵЩǸŰɣһȥƽ˵ûء

С˸˵ŽľϻǺãַ˻ȥ
Сһ߶ʯϿݣһŤͷС˸磬ĿżЦ⡣

һζ
ЩӣǳԽնϲϣҪô

ΧŽǳתȻҲֻ㽭ǳš

ѾоҵˡһְСϣڳ۵
۴չȥǳСڵ˵ˣѾһŶĵˡ

ǳǿŵ״ˡ

һΣΪ۴԰ǿŵԽǳڼû̫ǿŵڣϴǰô

ۣÿճ˰ｭǳǿŵǽ뽭ǳ׽

ǳûʲô񣬱ں˾ͻ᲻ˣÿǳʱ۾ͻᾡľ彭ǳÿν˺ûֻ̲סڡ

ۣһġǳûص
ǳɲô˵ģ㻹ء

ǳƿ֮ҪȻһɫȴһ䡣
۱ΪǳŻ漴쵽˽ǳͷϸ

ôˣǳһסǳʵ
ǳüͷšţɫЩ԰ףץ۵ݹһֻ֣ڵǲ㷽̫Сˣˡ

ԴʧɫСˣȻŷʼն˼ŽǳĶأô

𣿡۷ŽǳϣڽǳС̽һ¡
ǳڵеۡ

춯úšüǲҪˣ
ô죬̫ˡǳڵ

ӣŵһűȣԶԶ
ԳƬ̣ڵɢ˲ڣȥҰ׺һۣ

̫ʵò⣬ԼýǳǳСšǳÿܵʱֻҪԼӰСᰲ֡ȴ֪ΪΣǳһֱס춯ѹס

ǳԵ˵ͷȥɡ
۲ҵ飬æȥҰ׺ס

˽ǳס֮ۼһ·壬öԷΪԼִҴҷص˽ǳߡ

һߣ׺ڰС˸翴ء
ֻӲǰС˸籧ʱѾԲˣ֪ʲô״

׻⵽ô°С˸šüʵ
ι̫ݡ׺׿ڵֻǸС̫΢һ¼ȡôݣԲεˡ

С˸æѾ
Ȼأ׺εѾͽ׵Сˣôһֻǲֱ治

Ҳ˵ˣ̫ͣע⵽С˸
׺̾˿ȥչ˰ɣˡ

С˸æ˵ͷŻԵСӾҪߡ
ʱ۴ˣ˵ҪҰ׺׹ȥһˡ

ôˣС˸ʵ
֪ʹ˵żð׻һЩ

׺Բҵ飬æǳסȥС˸Ҳ
˽ǳסͷǿнǳ۵Լƺһ

ǡС˸ڵǿǲڡ
նʲôҪǸ׺ʧЦ

ǽͷܵǿЩ
׻ԼȥɡС˸ǰһû

֪ǳ˳ɲϣʱ̫ڳ
С˸絹Ҳƽϣʵʵ˵š

ڡ
׺ڽǳ̽̽ʱ¶˸ӵ顣

ǣ׺׿ǳĿżѯʡ
ǰС˸е֪˽ǳ飬վǿ˵ƾݡС˸첻ŵ˵ĻҲȫš

νǳۻ׺ּǾڲе飬ӲȷС˸Ļˡǻֱʣ׺֪ǰĽǳģҵŽǳᣬýˡ

ֽ̽ǳʱȴʶʲô
Ҳǰǳǡ

ǵ
׺о־ϲҲЩزס

׻ǳšü
Ұ׺ϣܰæŰ׺׵ʲô

Ҳѹ֣ǰ֮ʱ׺ײҲû

ԭˣԭˡ׺æһҲǣ
ƫҪʱЩ𣿡ǳܵؽĥĥʱЩꡣ

ۿ첽ߵǰס˽ǳ֣׺׵ûзӣ
ǿ˰׺׿ڵ

Ӳԡǳ
ôԣ׺ʵ

۵ٽһŵʱ鳯׺˵ˣŵһȽϣŵԶ˲١

ѽӡ׺׵һΪﱻںˣԼͼ÷֮ͼܵ˾ţųЩһﰲȣټʹһֱ԰Ȼ᳤ÿһЩ

ǳŻȻ
ǳҲ쵽ĸоһʱȷ

ô?ʵ
׺׿ǳʵѾһˣӦ֪ôɣ

ǳššüͷʮָӡ
ȻǻģһҲôϡͿˡ

ĿȸͷҲûʲôڡ
ֻǡپһ⣬ȴֻ಻١

Ҳﲻʲôæ㡭ʹ׺˵ձ˳ȥ
ٳȥ֮ǰ̲ס۵𼱣Ƶٵȵȣûô졣

ͷС˸׺׳æǰѯʡ
׺֪ס㳯˵ˡ

С˸Щŵؿͷǵġ
׺ſڿͷʱ֮ǰͷｭǳⶾС˸ſһسѯλΡ

ʱǨǳѾŵˡ
˵һжڤڤ֮עƵġ

ֻ𣿡׺׿ʵ
ǳ˵𣿡С˸̲סڵһֻ׿ȸƯúܡ

С˸ǿŵ֪ǰɫģ϶ͷֻ׿ȸ
׺׿һۣĿǽŽɵġ

ԴС˸ݵѾ˵ֲͬ汾Ĺ£׺ΨһжϵĴֻнǳһŵģǲŵġ

㲻ȥʽҲƭ㡣С˸
׺̲סҷ̽˽ڵ

ʲôС˸ʵ
˵֪׺׵

ʵҲͦģ֪ǳĵʲô

ֻߣҲδ׺ײδǳĶӣȻҲ֪ǳһŵԽǳʲôŨҵĺġ

Ͼϵ࣬ӵ͸ˡ
УӵǺ

ǳֻ߽壬Ǹ߽壬СȻͬ졣׺Ǳ̲סЦ⣬ǰýǳһֻ׿ȸƫƫϲ޷Ѫˡ

Ȼ岻ôѪ֮£׺ʹ󣬶еִġ
ټϽǳųģȻΡ

ˡ

ڡ
۱Žǳͳǳڵĵ

ǳű۰Եʣʹ˲٣ȴʮֽš
ۻ˰ΣͻȻʲô۵ȥ

۱ֵҪ㡣
ǳ̣ⷢڵУȥ

ɲǰδҲ̫ˡ
˵۽ôأ

ҪǲȥҾˡǳ
ɵ仰ֻҪǳ˵ˣضŽǳ

ȻһΣȴûӦְֻסǳСٴͷų
ôһǳʱ˲٣ҲƽЩ

ǳվǹǹأϵܼ֮εǿ˼֡

ͬ˵˵ɡǳڵ
ʲô²Сʲô𣿡ۿڵ

ǳʧЦ𵹲˵˵ǵֻ֣ȡСܸøȡɣ˵嶼СʹССйνˣҪһЩ

Ӧһڽǳߵ˵ãһȡһСȡ֣ҰｭСȡ֣òã

šǳӦһ̲סƺһ
۽ڵ⻹ܸ֮ܵࡣ

ϳײǳͳϵʹҲԽԽ԰
ʱ򣬽ǳû˳۱Ťץ۵ֱȥ

۶ˣǳô˵ܵòС
Žǳֺߣ㡣

Ҳ㿴ǳſǻ
۴ڽǳͷһ£վ潭ǳڵٵȻٳȥܿ԰ɣ

֪ǳ֣ȻḶ́Ҳټýǳˡ
ǳ˵ͷٴηۻ

۱ŽǳǳʹһֱڼӾ磬һɰ׿ȸһֱΣȻΪʹࡣ

۱Žǳǳɰ׿ȸʱԼɱ°׿ȸë
˽յĹʱǵˡ

ˡǳɫ԰׵ؿ۵ӦҲῴġ
Դյǳһ£ߵͷ

͸͸ᣣۿǳ岻סϢֻ˰׿ȸ
׿ȸЩʹ𲱾Ϊʹ࣬ٴͳ˰׿ȸ⡣

Ƭ̺󣬰׿ȸĺȻһͣĲˡ
ס˺ͷ׿ȸһۡ

𣿡Сʵ
ͷٳûлش۰಻סƿ˽ȥ

׿ȸعæסʲô
ǰظŰ׿ȸëʵ𣿡

׿ȸۣ󽫳£Щס˳µĶ
۴ٶиоʵôˣ

׿ȸԴ۾䣬£ĳȴûſǲۿµĶƵġ

㲻ҿͷǵҷ𣿡
׿ȸԥɿ˳򣬶ͷһŵ

ǿŵ
۶ŵ˰Σڵͦÿȣһ㶼󡣡

׿ȸ
󵰣




66.  ֧   Ҫƿˡ

ۿű, ǿŵֿǳ׽ǳΪʲô⸱ˡ

壬ⱲҲٵ, ĵǵһμ
ŵǿҲǰɫ, 뽭ǳһǿŵȴȻͬ

ԭѩ׵ĵ, ͻأմڵ, ǺڵԼָ׸ǴС, ׺ڵ, ȥëʵīƵģЩ

Ҿͦÿġۿڵ
½ǳ, ֲһҲ󡣡

ǳһڵҴһʼҲû˵, ˵ġ
ܡæסǳڵô˵أĵÿĵ˭˵ҶӦ

ǳЩأ̾˿ڵҳôҲûĿȸ
ĵĿ϶ûȡֵǵĵͱĵһȻǵĽСֻأ⻻ɱĿȸ, ôܷӣ

ǳûбοǿųĵȻܲá
⵰ô󣬽ǷС, Ǹ

һֻ׿ȸʱȸҲëСҪԼˣ
ǳ룬־ͷδǿȸ, ˵ֻӡ

ǱӵĻͳɡ
ǳôһ룬΢õˡ

ġ۲֪ǳ룬οǶôӢǵСӲģİɡ

ǳĲɵص˵ͷȥ̽̽ǿŵ
ŵǵһŵһɺǴһƿǾͻֻ߽״

𣿡۱ŽǳףЩ۵ʵ
ǳ˵һɣǱȴŵʱЩ

ۣϴڽ㳯Ҷʱءǳ
û뵽ǳʱ򷭾ˣЩھεǳڵҳ㱣֤ҾԼħء

棿ǳʵ
۵˵ͷʮ档

ǳ̲סЦЦǿŵĿ죬˵ƿҲܿ죬ӽտʼҪʮ¾ܷˡ

зԾˣԽСֱŽǳ´Ƭ̡

ͷ׺׺С˸ͷˣ֪Ӧˡ
ȻûƬ̣۱֪ǣ˵Ѿˡ

ܿ𣿡׺׿ʵ
С˸Ҳһһ档

۵һЦڵСմȾ̫̿֡ЩټҲ١ϾŵǳţȻøԵ

׺֪ǳƢԣҲǿС˸ˡ

۱ÿմڽǳסʼԼڶεķġ

ǳÿдĹԱ߿۷۷ʱر棬ԣʱɱģһѾǴգôŲѡ

ÿնô㲻÷𣿡ǳʵ
ʲôЦ첻ϲ׽£ⷴԴʱ䡣

뽭ǳ׽ʱǻһסᱻͷ忴ǳƤԴһʶ֮󣬰㲻Լ׽ˡ

һ

ʵҲЩʲô۵
ǳššü⣬ЩǷ½С̫ˡ

ʵǳҲٳҲԼӡֻС֮ǰǳȴ̲סܾС̫ĻҲԼΡСҲôˡ

ˣǳ۵Ŀ㲻ɴ˼ָӵ
һ޹ؿʮãȻ



˱ϷǳڱڴС˸ͷһ·ų˽

С˸ڵϻΣǰһĻ㾪ˡ
˺ðŻعʵʹڣ

ǳüӦһ۵״żЦ⡣
С˸ԼĲ죬ǳֻӡֻ

㲻˰?ǳһ
ʱС˸罫ӴߣΪ֪Ѿ϶ʲôΣաС˸ٲҲڽһֻ˳԰ɣ

ǣС˸һȻصˣ
ǳ˿ЩЦ

û뵽ôС˸ŷѻữˡ

ԭǰС˸Ϊι̫ݣӻԲѡ
˰׺׵Ļټιˡ

ˣС˸½ٳŵûԣٸݡӳԹݣȥҶӱζ

գСʵǰ಻סˣȥ͵С˸ϻݳԡ
С˸緢ֺ㳯СӺ˼䣬̬Ȳãû뵽СǼˡ

֮ǰ˵ˣⶼǸģСûΣϻӲ֡
С˸һμΣһԭغðζûӦ

СӼ˵ֵϴݵʱ˵ʣµҪƽңⲻ͵㱾ҲǸġ

С˸ԭڷŵûعһֵ𾪡
Сӡǰֻӣ

ǳС˸߶߶˵ⷬʮֵ
С˸ȻУʮַҡ

ǶôأС˸ָͷ߶Ҳͬ˵һһ˵Ҫˣ񡭡ѽǵģ

˰ΣС˸ֵǸΪΪֻأ
С˸壬ԱģǰСӻֻ޴ӷֱ档ټҲûо⣬űȽϺͿ

ֻģҲ˵˾Ҫ㣬ôԼĥɡǳڵ
С˸糯ǳ˵ôԷЩֻŲߡ

ʱѶ˵ݵˡ
ǳԺǸˣҪţۻڷ

ȱˣһȥ˵ǽСˡǳ
Ŀһ˿󻯳νǿŵŽǳȥˡ

С˸˵ݵϢȻҲ˹ȥ

ֻ֪ݵʹ
ûнСӰӣҲ

ɢ˴Ѷ˵Ѿָˡ׺׳ǳ
ǳһ£ڵ̫ˣ𡭡˵ʱ

δʱعֻ˵Ǳһжá׺׿ڵ
ǳ֪һжеһУӦǰСתͷһۡ

ֹ˹ָǰ

֮󣬽ǳЩصġ
ۿû

˵Ϊλָǣȴɲ飿ǳڵ
룬ڵΪʲô

ǳҡҡͷҲ֪
֪ʱԴȥʡ۵

ǳššüֳ˼ַꡣ
Ƭ̺ڵҲʡ

ʲôʵ
ҡǳ룬ȴ֪λش⡣

֮ǰǳûкһ棬ǰǴμ棬졣ʱǳڷǰ̹ȻԼ֮飬ͷ֮ĽᣬĽ⿪ˡ

½ǳħѾˣǿͷ֮䡣

ϲ㡣ǳڵ
ԿŽǳû˵

ǳۣƬ̣󿪿ڵңǡѾ˵һ̲ס΢΢Щ죬ȴ̲סЦЦ

ϲң뿪𣿡ʵ
Ͳϲ㡣ǳ

֮⣬ǰۣǳͬһ

ǳǰǣס˽ǳ֣ڵǻһݵɡ
ȥʲôǳʶʵ

룬ڵȥӽС
ǳС顣

뿪ݵΪ۵ħ
ǳһƾԼ飬Ƿܿס۵ħ

ʵ֤һ˳ĺܶԡ
۲סħһƵúܺá

ǳѾܾû۱ħˡ

ȻγĿѾﵽˣȥһ˵ҲǲС
ʱվˣǳҲеСˡ

ǳԭŵ뿪ŵٳûжǱǰˡ

һãݵӡ
ǳ۵ĴʱԶԶ㿴ɢ˳ڰߡ

ԷﱧһСӣǽС
С˲ٸͷҲǰô׾ˡ

~Сǳ˴֮󣬵ɢϴ˽ǳűߣͷŽǳؽ˼ʽǳΪȥôòŻ

ǳСӱ˲䣬һĶ˲١
һЦ⿴һĻС

ħȫסˣɢһο
ǳæʵǲǾͿ԰ħˣ

ɢ˵˵ͷԷһʱһǺͷ֡
ǳ𣬱ʱЩȻǽš

أǳʵ
ԸҴŽСǵġɢ˵

ǳȻֻⷬǰοǿЦЦû׷ʡ

˵֮󣬽ǳûҶֱӴȥ˷
ѾָΣȥʹǰûʲô̫

ǳǽȥʱ򣬷Ʒ裬ǽֻ̧һƳһ仰û˵

𡣡ǳѽСݸۣǰ𹧹˸
κ󣬷ššһ

һʱʮΣɢһԿȥˣڵ˭СȸҪںߵһްôռˣֲ˵ˡ

ǳһ۾ʱˡ
ٿЩΣȻǱɢ˵ˡ

ɢһۣ󳯽ǳ𿴿
ǳæǰ̽һ£ħȷʵѾˣԷЩ


ǳһ֪Է˵ʲôȴǵ˵ͷ

ٴΣڳĬš
󣬱šءһС۵µأԾߣŶԷ۽ǣֱ˷ϡ

֡˵ű֣ȴԽСʮݡ
Сһ··ֱؿڣһЩˤȴзƵһѽ

󣬽ǳ㿴Сڷϣһһз֣һһ¶Էǰһͷòֺ

ǰķ𣬴˿ȴݵù֣˿ûвá

ʲôȥɡͻȻڣǳ
ǳæֻصСջߣЩãȻؿԷ

ŷֵʲô𶼲㡣
𣿡ǳۿЩ죬вЩѹ

ǰôηԷԷͻȻ˵ˣֲЩʧ䡣Ҫ뿪꣬׼ͷķ꣬ȴ֪Էֱ

ۡٴοڣĿ⿴ۡ
ǰ˸

˵˵Ĵɡ𿪿ڵ
ۿڵҪ밢ǳס

𣺡
ɢˣ
ǳ

С

ۻһ䣬˶סˡ
зӦǽǳ

ǳתͷۣĿǾȡ
û뵽۾ͻȻ˵仰ڷǰ

ھ֮࣬ǳȴ̲סһ˿ۺ㡣

ףۣĿӡ
ȴ̹Ȼᶨͷǣǰ㣬Ϊ£һһһֻб˴ˡ

üһɲֻһ¡
밢ǳֻһµġۿڵΣΣΡֻнǳۡ

ǳۣ۵׷ź⡣
˿ҲĿԣʲôû˵ȴʲô˵ˡ

𿴿ǳֿۣšһ
ǳӦһһʱûӦۿһ˸񣬿ڵлȫ

˰֣ŻСת
ɢǰۺͽǳļ˵˾䡰ϲҲ

ֱڳ֮󣬽ǳЩ

ͬˡǳ૵ʵϲģҾ֪
۳ؿŽǳЦЦڵӦΪϲңΪϲҡ

ǳһ漴ЦЦ⻰мֵ
ӦһԽǳ˵Ƿ

ڽǳԣζĳ޷ĹС
ڽͿ֮󣬷ͳ׽ˡ

ȻۺСӣֻδ
ҲãҲգҪй鴦Ҫ

ǳ뿪֮
ɢγˣŸˡ

һ۵ѽС͹ȥɣֿôˣžһա֮⣬ֻžһգջҪѽСҪ

ɢЦôϲСӣСȸֻ
֡ƳһۣڵֳԿôҪȥ

˵ŰѽСŵɢУڵ͹ȥʱ壬ýǳĲ

ɢüĵ⻰ֻѾ˵ˡ

ŷΪͽǳñط꣬ټһ£ϴδ⡣ɢ۽ѷǱϻһŵء

ֻǲ֪ŵֻʲô

ɢ˱ŽС͵˽ǳڵϵס
ǰվ಻סģǳҿ

ǳһڨڨô֪ģ֪𣿡
ҿҾ͸㡣ɢ˵

ǳԥãʹ˸ɫ۱㽫ǿŵȡݸɢˡ

⡭ɢ˶ǿŵ˰ΣЦͦÿģ󡣡

ǳ
ͲòãֱԽԽϲ˭˵⵰ˣ

ɢߺ󣬽ǳСա
ŵͦɰģɢʲô˼

۲ʱƯƯСӣĿ࿴۵
ǳǿһЦ⵰ġδֻ²ֹۡ

Сñط꣬òͣ

˯֮˸磬󽫵ŵݱ֯ĳУҲ˸ŵ˽Сߡ

ϲˣǳ״ʵ
ǴһһϤϤ˴˵۵

ǳʧЦȻ֪ʲô
ӽСǿŵ°ˡ

ǳ۱ŽǳףڵǾҪˣ𣿡
ǳЦЦڵھǴ԰ӣǲǸǳ׼ģ

֪ˡ۵
ǳǰǸС׼ģԼס

СǾͻؾǡ۵
ǳ˵ͷֵǡ

һ˵סǳյǳ߱ȥ
˴ཻ⣬ȴŶߴˡءһ

˱ΪǽС߽δᣬȻٴδǰʱִˡءһ

ǳƿۣʾȥ
Σֻߵһۡ

ôˣǳʵ
۳ĬΣڵǳҪƿˡ

ǳ
ô죿




67. [] ֧   Ψ

ǳ˵ǿŵƿ, ʱһ飬ĵҲ̫Щ
ϸһ룬ŵҲ˺Щˣֻǹ̫ƽ˳, ԲŻһζ

ǳ첽ȥͷ, ԱߵĽСڽﾫӵءء, ԱߵĽ, ǿŵȷѿһСӡ

ǵϵĿȻѵò, ȷʵƿǵļ
ܿͷ𣿡ǳ̽ͷǰһۡ

ҡҡͷ̫С, ͷ
ǳ״ſϣһǿŵ

~ԱߵĽСʮֲ, Ҳ뿴ǿŵ
ǳ齱ߣСΧǿŵתơ

ϧǿŵܲ, һ֮ٳû˶
ǳһſ齱߶ſ˰ޣֱʱ֣ǳѾ˯ˣǿŵٴ˶

һǴһ΢ŵмѿ, ¶ͷССݰͰ͵ģֻϵëûȫѾϡܿȸˡ

ŵһֻȸͽǳһ, Ҳһֻ׿ȸ

ǳ쿴ҡѽǳΪ΢΢Щ
ǳѣһãȻؿǰСζûӦ

Ƶ, ƵİɣС
ǳСȸ˰Σ֪ؿڵֻȸ

š۸˵صֻ׿ȸһ

ǳٿǸ˿ǵСһ۵ȾЦ⡣
һֻȸǰ׿ȸǳֱ̫ˡ

Сȸ򣬽Լëչ
˿ϵëȻδϡҲֻܿƯĿȸˡ

~СӽǳԾյСȸᣬʼͷСȸëСȸȻԸ ͷС򲻹С㲻鲻ԸſɽСʩΪˡ

óԼŵĺɰСȸĵռװá
ѽǳĵǣڵͷڵô϶ǰɫëûë

Ҳһ£󿪿ڵɫ͵ûϵأҼǵÿȸĵǲɫͷܷ׿ȸҲܷȸ̿ȸ˵ȸɫܺ͵ûйϵ

ǳԾееǱˡ

ڶŵ׿ȸ˵Ĳǽǳۡ

ۺͽǳʶʱ򣬽ǳѾСȸˣδǳʱӡֻ׿ȸԾǿСʱĽǳһ㡣

ȻǼһһλԱҲܸˣǾǽС
Сףǰڵͣ˸顣

ȻӱȽǰģСִ˲ƣضŪ

˵ʱǾʶǲҲ۳ǳղ֣Ҿġ

ǳڵΪӱӡ
⵹ǡҲڵҹƵСһЩʱ򣬾ͻɵ϶ŽСˡ

һ׷СȸֵСӣԲ˵سۡءһڱԼĲ

ǳ״ڽСԴϴһ£öԷЩվȣǽСֳǳءһʱƿǲõСȸһֱ˶ſţ̬˿ǸƿǵСһ

һûë⸱̬Щ룬˿̿
۶СȸԽԽϲ϶˽ǳСʱ϶Ҳ

ƿô飬ŷ
ǳ¶Է˿ϢֲˣһԴСȸȥһˡ

˵ǳһŵڽ˿ǣǱֱҲ̶á
˺þòûǳǵɢһۡ

ɢ˴ĹڲĻԷ϶ûдǳ⸱顣ҲǷƢʱֻˡ

Ǹʲô
ǳŽСȸӻȡŵһԵİϡ

һֻСȸʱ㻺۵׵ŭҲ޼ѰСֽСȸǲ֪ȾЦ⡣

ɢ˼״彭ǳü˼ͦģСȸֱ˷Ŀ

Сȸֻ̬ʱ򱻷ѹһ£ܿͻָ糣Сô̬ȿơׯóƢ뽭ǳӦЩġ

Сʱһģһǳ۵״ûüȥЦ⡣
ǳ״һвһůԼʱҲǻذİɣ

ֻǺˣָǸϵģ

ʲôʱףɢһԳǳʵ
ǳ룬ڵЩӰɣ

׼ĶɢƳ˷һֳۣǳʵ
ǳ׼ھǣǴ԰ӣȥطܴͷһȪ˵ҪԺݣʱ԰Ȼܳ档

ԳĬ˰Σڵϲͺá
ǳһ£Щò׼Ǹ˻ǲˡ

ŷֿڵЩӺϷ˾ʹˣҪ߾;̰ɡ
˵սСȸǳֵһˣҿħѾסˣħվǻұһͬħˡ

ǳԱ֪ǲԼһͬ뿪ˣζţ۳׵ӣҲ֡

ʵҲݵǳڵ
ˡ㳤ˣСӣҲѾ˸סĺӳվҲǻ뿪ģЩͻᶮˡ

ǳ֪ϣײģҲû˵ʲô
ֻжЩʧ䣬ܾͷԽԽԶЩܡ

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