Խ֮ũճߣѰ
İԽ֮ҹ֪ϱ
˲ȴ֡ϱǸеģ
ûб㤵飿
Ϳһ˴ӷܳ
ҷѲס˰
ŴѲɶһʬ
Ҳûͳ
ǲƴ
İ
һԽҽտ˾˿ϱС
ȵǣġϱȻӣԱСѲС
ҲĳŴѲɶһʬβҪ
Ӵҡһ䣬ʵũӣ鿼ƾС
ĽָȽϴ
һֱ벻ʼյڹ
һģģңӦûҾһ
ȫļܿգܾݣſ

ݱǩ  Խʱ  
ؼ֣ǣĽ  ǣܶ  Խӣ

ƷһԽҽտ˾˿ϱСȵǣġϱȻӣԱСѲСҲĳŴѲɶһʬβҪӴҡһ䣬ʵũӣ鿼ƾСƽȴֲƽճУ֣ʵԭⱾʱܰʵϸıһũӵճ֮ʹղܣ߸һкˮջ԰ûкܶ༫ƷÿǶѪ⣬Լͼ֡м͸¶ŻϵķΧǷǳֵһƷ

1 Խ
ԴκģǺܿ죬·ڷθ׾ѡ
Ż
ʳ;ˮθ浹֮о˲١
ζʵڲá
ģ
ԼΣֻ°׼ؼҶѣôᡪ
ˣĳһ󿨳ײˣ
ϳĿûбʹ
û˼һ
ҵĳϱӷ˾ţ֮Ӿƹֱµӵţϣ
ţ
µĵŵζȷʵոշ顣
Ŀĺָ׳ȴȱӪɫ
ʮֵĲ⣬˭˵ʲô
ǷˣǮͺȾƱϱͺҪǰɣϱǸ
˶һ£ϧĿǰ˵ȻǸԽˣӿԽҪڹŹһģҲ̧ŵʱȷʵ˵ȥ
ʶƱϵ޿۾ʲôûС
ⲻ壡
˵ġϱǸǸ仰û塣
Ϊ޴ĴţһߣԼȷⲻ֮ãȻ
ѹʱȷԼӲģΪʲôطҲΪСǡˣ֮£ڵ
ȻͻϾ˶ʮڳ֪
ǣܻҲǺõġ
ǣң༸ʮ٣Ҳɵľܾ
ϱ˶ˣץסӻҪ㣬ʵ
׼ȥϵʱͿʼˣѾһʱˡ˵ȻһʱȻţΪǸ˸еֵ
ȻţȻǣңǲҽ
ôӣһʱ=Сʱ磬һָȻǲġ
ӼԼţһӡ
ǣţˡ
ԼҪɢˡ
Լǰ鸹
ңһ䵥Խһ޶оĪġˬ
յʱ䣬ͱһ˵ͽıڶǺ˵ķǰ
ΧԺդһظĵˣԺͦɾģо΢һ㡣
ݵŽţЩĪ
˵Ϊ򣬲ϲһֱǣϱӣԺһ˶ûС
ԭȻϺȾơԭ֮ǰǸǳ׵ˡ
ʶҪŽȥûϴȥֻӸȾļʡ
ҲͦæģϾҪֵأȥز͵ſҲ御ˡ
лˡ
ⲻƽʱ˵Ҳ˵ˣϱ˳ԺúչӺϱ
ġ
ſվһ沢ûкеиOO@@˵Ӧûûʱ
ҵ˿ǳĵطʼˮҪԼϴɾˣһ꺢ӻϣһߵġ
һʵڲʡ
ˮȴûϴĵط
̫Сˣ϶ǲƽԭ֭ԭζũҷ
Ǵͳéӣȥϴ裬ڳϴˡ
ϴʱһԼ塣
߻УվǽԼȻһ£һװеģȴʮ
λε߹ǡ
Ǹϲ񣬱ɫͿˡ
ԽǰôҲǸҽѧҽҵֵҹѾǳ£⿴Լ塣
˵˿飬鸹ôҲеġ
ǵԼҹֵˣһʲôʱô졣
ûֵҹǱײˡ
ôܰοԼһ£ȻǸôʮĻͷ
ôţ̬ͺöˣŰͷҲϴˣʱҲͷʮַ¡
˿Ҳֻ
ϴˡû·
ԼһǱͬˣô׳յز
ҽһ㶼н񱣬ʵڲ봩ô·
ô죿ëڵҪλȻܻȥ
ƻֻԺһ룬ͱpassˡ
Ȳ˵ѾڣֻԼϱһˣſ϶ǹŵģӽܲýȥǸδ֪
˲Ǳ¶ûڱǰչԼκ뷨
ھʱͻȻ̨һĨɫ¶
Ӧ·֮ġ
ԽǰôԽС˵˼ҵĴԽ߶ԭļ䡣
һĨڣκһʱļ䶼ûС
Ҳ֪·ǲԼġ
Լͽıڵӣ·ӦҲ˵ġ
·ȻϣǳֻⲻϲôãӲ
·µ΢̹һ㡣
ʱ·ģми·̲ϤԼ˰죬̶סˡ
֮ǰˮţʵûҵǣʱϴ·
ϴ裬ֱһѾɢĿˡ
ǰ÷š
ϤϤ˵·˰ͣһȻֹ
ԭŻ֮żʹĳڱһţﰲ缦
ԭǸ׵ӣ˿Ҳ֪Ϊʲôˡ
϶ǵ֣һʬ
ңһˣʲôҪæľܽҡ
Ȼܰ
˽ŲԶˡ
Ȼ˶Դ˿̵˵Ҳİˣվԭӡ
Ҷﻹԭĺӡ
Ҫʱʲô飬ʵ
ԺǰûԶһȺڳ塣
ȻΧ壬塣
Ҳ֪ʲô嶼С
ʱ״̽Ϣˡ
ҲԶ˹ȥ
Щ˿дλεıӡ
Ͼָĵض꣬ܿǸɶͷԼءֱͲһˡ
ǵɫηηľʹһˡ
ȺׯҺĲУܴ󣬴һֱǷַӵ顣
Σȴߵߣû˵ֻһӡ
üͷ˵ⲻ͸ҽˣ
Це˵ϻͷⲽΪǵģò׽˳ǮǮ
һ˵𼱣뵽취ľ֣
˼ӣȻûκ뷨
㿴㣬ҲҴ㣬һﶼҪȥ緹ˣٲ߳ҳԷʱ䣬绹Ҫȥء
Ǹ˵˭ܽⲽ壬Ҹ˭һֻĸʮ
ʱһʵӱơ
еǮƶԭˡ
֮ǰʱãûˡĸͼøϽȥȡ
˻һ˶̧ͷ


2 
ֻǿŵһ˵ˣûԭļ䣬֪˽ʲô
ʵ֮ǰ˵ģⲽ˭һֻĸʮżл񣬿
Ǹ˽ţǴصһѺ֣ƽʱûʲôȺãǺøظ»塣
ţ󣬸صʱҪ峤ţԼһ˾Ϳ԰еĵȫꡣ
ÿ궼ʡºöǮ
˻Ըķ˸ء
ȻţԸķ䣬Ӯ˸زǮǼ˻ǻǳлͼֻѼ
ټţĲȻƣʴˣҾʵһھһֻ
ţȻƽʱҲƲ
۸ֵͣǰ˵鿼ţôҲûʲôá
ѧšʿһǧ𣬰Ѽҵ׶ܹˡ
Ҫǰһϱָڲ֪Ķˡ
Ͼ飬ţ룬ָĻ壡
ţţ졣
ţ˵ȥĻȻһĭһʳԡ
ΧȺûϷţҲ˵ƽʱͦŵġ
˵°ڶȥֱţġʿԵ˶ġ䡯
ԭⲽѾ˽֣ġ䡯ҪţߵġΧˡ
˵ʱֻһߣǾǳڡ
˵ţһţ۾ˣڵĸһ
ţŵЦţ˫ҡ
˵ͼ
ţЦţȺȥ
˵֮ǰǶʮͭţ֣ˡ
ţ˵УǮ㡣
˵ʮͭǮӸ
˿ȻЦû뵽Ȼû٣ûţµĺá
ʲôû˵ֻҪϽȥĸɱˣԭϱ
ޣҲ˹ʺˣⲽ塣
ǣţҪĸ
˵ѵҪĸ׸Ǹͷƣ
ţߺ˻Ƕ˵ЩСˡ
һֶû˵½ǰ²Ҫġ
ôǰɣʱѾ֮ǰǸˡ
Ҫ˵ԭʵǸ¶ѾСﴫˡ
޷ǾǸճʱ򣬱һ·ĺÿţ˵⺢ԺǸǣȡá
ǻ˶ĽˣǸǣԺҪүġ
ʱŵﲻ
ڴһȺţУ־ͺܺȺ
ȷʵҲȥѧã˱ԾͲѧϰϡ
ͬѧѧʱȣȾơȥƮԷ˶
ĵҲУʱɫͿӣĵҲ
ܶ˶ãǻġ
̯ôһɷôһӡ
˵ǰȥһĸǲĶӡ
Ϊ׾ͻģϸ׵Ŵʵڲô
ϲƮԷͷơ
ϵͷƣҲФġ
òͷƵֻԼȥѧҵͱ׻ķϵˡ
ǷȻܳȥ
ֱͲ˸¡
Ǵ˶֪飬ϾСҶϲغ󣬶ſڳԷͷܿͿڿഫ˴β
ԣţҲ֪Щ¡
ţץһֻСʵü
վţȻ˶ȴֱͦġ
һֲ´ϣȻһüᶨһЩ˵ķǡ
ţΪԼȳˡ
ʱĴӽҸ
ţֻý̫Ĵ߳ˡ
еСԼҼһֻ׳ĸ㡣
ţ˾һֻɢĸǺ
ϾǴĸԵĶǵĳӣɿܷɰ˸ء
ʵִسļһ
ţҲǿƷҲˡ
ֺαһֱڸɫ
ţȴû뵽ֱżĲӣһֻ£סֻ򣬾ͰֻƷˡ
һֵţӡٶһΡ
ԭΪǱͿӣǸϵһû뵽ϻˢӵġ
ţֽȥʮаȭͷ󣬿Ƕɫʮʡ
Ҳ࣬¶Ѽ£ţһֻţл֮ͳȥ
ţϱϻȥʱּļһֻ
ٲøţһͨ
֪壬ʲôʱôѼķأ
ţҲֻܺϱ峤Ķأǵļͻˡ
ϱҲ֪ԼǸܸɵġ
ʲ
Դһ֪ؼҺȰѼ˫ȰסڳԼͰˮѼ̳ķѪ
룬ҿԼԽǰǸҽѧ
ʵϰʱü֣ǻߡţܡӡȵȡ
ɱ˵Ĳ¶
Ϊҽѧٴҽѧƣм伸ڵ¹ѧ
ѧͬѧһֺòˣϾвͼֱ졣
һһԼĺóԡ
Ĵ˼ëùˮһ顣
ѼȡпΡҲţʣµļͷӼýСΰƣ
гС鱬ܺóԣҲͬ
ڼȺͼᣬ嵭һ±֭ģԭϱԡ
ϾĸĺܴҲʵڡ
ʱĹ̨ʹѼͷȶŽˮϹą̇̄ϸɾĲѹǱһȦסװǸѹ
һߣɢˮȡ
һڹʮӣϼνͺͣ͵ζ͵ڱǼ⣬ʳ󶯡
ʱʵѾܶˣûжһ·ߵǰ
̧֣š
˺һŴ˭ˡ
Щ֣ȻһԼǸ˵ɡ
ϱΪʲôˣ
֪ʱʵʱ䣬˵˼ȸԵ㶫ҪȻһûˡ
öһζ
ٴΰ
ֹ˼ӣһۿģһ߶ġţнӹ˼롣
˿̳ˮݵ֣ʮ𾪣·һʶһ
𾪣ϲԣװԼ侲
·룬û˵ʲôְŹˡ
Ȼһ±Ƶվ⡭
Ϊ񿴵ȫˣûһŮġ
ڴϣɫҰ׵ǸˣҲǸеİ


3 
һ±ƣΪҽѧȷԼȷ֪Ů巽졣
ǸոսӹԼǸˣ㡮˵ˣǸɫҰ׵ġһģ
ţ˳˼
Խôѧ鶼ܽܣΪʲôܽء
仰Լظ飬Ǿáĺѽܰ
ҽѧżѧ飬ЩΧԲ巽档
ش󣬲ԣǸӵ
ִֻ˴ԼȻȥһͰˮϴϴԼѡ
żᴫһЩʹ
֪ʹһĽ٣ǸӦһʹϾĺʹ࣬ҲŬԼӦ
͸һȻ͹ȷʵѹŵţҲϰˣܿ֡
Լھʵ磬Ȳ˵ǰ;ô
ǸСӾԹ÷ǳ
ʮ꿼ϴѧʮ격ʿҵٴҽѧƱ˶ڼ仹ڵ¹ꡣ
ҵԼѧĸҽԺ꣬ʮѾȫ򳵡
Ȼ߲ûж󣬿Ҳùµ
һԽӡƷҲ㷿Ӱɡ
еͰ䣬һǳһոſŵʱɨһۣңƿžһŴҪȻҲѴ˵ĺᶼ
һжϱǸеġ
룬Խ˸һһӣ˵ǳء

ģʵģ޶
θһʹ֪ԭ֮ǰ˾ûԶθﷴᡣ
ֻѹסԼҪ
ڳҵһСڴſƤۣ׸ֻʣǳǳһ㡣
ûЩףڼ̫׵¸Ǹԡ
ԼҨһ۳һһ͡ΰͺĴлˮȣ
ĨһͣȹȣҨȵĸڹס
һӵʱ䣬ͣȻпƤлѹסƤǵζ
һѾƣɿķһ棬һֻҪʮСһӷɿĳ
Ҩ۱٣ΪʣĶ֪࣬ʲôʱ׬ǮʱɲܰѼĴˡ
Щһӡ
Լһѹθǿзĸо
ְʵûСˣֻЩдˡ
ʣµһӣгС飬Ҩһּѱݽȥ
ζڽ¿ڡ
ҨһͰѹøɾĲڣ
̾˿ڵıӶ˵ſڣٴš
浹û˭ֱӺܿͿˡ
ȻǸۿ꣬ϵĶЩ㶣ôôడ
˵Ҳ֪ǶԷûӣûжʳֻôдˡ
뼦˾ι̫ˣһңҾڳ
˵ЩѶݸǸ꣬ԼĬĬ߿ˡ
ʵҲˣЩ꿴ȷʵ˲̫һ
˵кᣬҲƽģЩǼܸСӸҲ
ؼǣÿ˶ں۵ĵطиɫ롣
Ҳ֪Ǿǲ롣
֮ɫĶ²ȷؼԵĴڡ
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ۿǺĵѾ˷ˡ
ʵûĸǸ
ңǴȢġҡ
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ԱŮ֮䣬Ǽûǰǿ׳壬ȴҲŮһ
̥ѣӸһŹء
ҲΪʲô˼˸ȥԭ
ڵĴǸϵĴӣңҲţ˻ǾӶࡣ
ǸأЩѼÿճɶһˣ˵Щżȥɽԡ
࣬ҲǴġ
˸ԣˣȢϱӣҲ͸ϵԱѧϰ
νѧЩõģЩѧһһĿ졣
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˷ŶȢһ˷ż
ǹǻԸ޸˵̫̫Щ˾ȥ
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Щʱ򣬻ͦĽķɣϾǶңֻķҡ
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˵ķɣȢҲû˼ҵ֣ÿοھǡȥxxxȥxxxù
ӶҪˣ򻹲֪ɵ֡
ƽɵļҲ֡
ҶǱ˵ģǰڼҲӣû֡
ǰڼниСһС֡
ķǸۿ޺˵˵ԭΪˣͲںͺӣû뵽Ȼ׼ͼ
ǾǣڿҲûôҼǸˣϱ͹ʣŮڶԺ˺ӣ᲻пڷԡ
ڴϵĽģЩ˵Ҳһֱġ
ԼҪˣѾһ죬˿ҵ˻
ƴĳţ·죬Щüĸ
ЩûӣĽӣ˿ʲô
ĽľԼҪˣ֪Լ˭Լ㶫ԡ
Ľ룬Ҳðɣ
ǿ˶ĺӣûûˡ
Ľʵһ׷ˣҪȻҲôãŬıŶĺӡ
Ҫ֪ˣͻˡ
ĽĺüζͺӶ󣬼ֹˡ
ĽĶҪʵĸǽ̫ࡣ
Ĳ֪ô˵ЩԼѾǿһ˵ϡ
ֱһ뼦
͵ʡںһĽİ뿿ڴͷһһڵĳˡ
ʼ˺ܾõ˵ʵҲûôʼ˺ܾôܵ⼦ˣһֱţùʱ϶ˡ
ĽĴؿ꣬ȫ󲻵µӡ
ǸĽͱ۾Ǹڸճ׵ʱ壬ԼݸڴﶪͲԸԼɫ
Ĳκˡ
Ľ룬οԻһҪúõĽԼĺӡ
һҪ


4 
ԭʼͿ޺۵СҲ֪Լʲô
Դмͱȥ
ҲҺʱСûֱԺ
ɾûȥ޸һ֪ϱĴ󺺵ңҲʵá
ô˵״ɵġ
С⺢ȱ۶ڱ˶Ľһ㵭ʱżϴ·Ľļǰ̽ͷк
һֱޣҲΪĽѲһʬ
Ľĵ๫ȻȾƣͲںӡ
СΪĽĲֵ
˵״£ԼҲңٹûкӣָᱻҸϳȥʱûһ֮ˡ
СԺ˺ӣŹػǵȥһ˹
û˰
ⶼǿ
޵СҲ֪ԼΪĽѹΪԼԺ״ѹ
˭û뵽ڹ۶ϣȻˡ
ңļ
Ҫ֪С޸ҵңһԵҲϡ̲ˡ
룬ԼϱǻʮũļҼһҲֻзڲܳ⡣ʸѷĹŴһׯҺӳԵľӱϡࡢˡ
Ҳֻţʹ峤΢ԣһ㡣
ļͥһ˼ѼҲû˼ѼĹ
ǻָżѼµˣһɻ˳ء
Ҳ㹫ƽ˭࣬˭ܶһ
е˼ͬãүү̱ļҳûȻͲּܷҡ
һ׳һţʱ׳ҪͶ
ֽõļüĸ˳Ÿϼõ
˿ǵģ˸˳ԡ
еʱ׳᲻óԣԼ͵͵ȵϻطԼҺӡ
˵һӵĸѾþûԹˡ
ζûȻ˼һ˴лֱ̫óˡ
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ģã๫Ⱑ
⣬ʹɱ˼
ֻзڲŻɱףһ¡
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֮û˼һڷɻʱֱɱġ
Ľ֪ôӦȫ֪ΪʲôͻȻҪôá
Ȼķɣ˸Ͳ˿
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µ춼ˣƴľ崲ֻһϴĸɾĴֲ
ΪĽŪ˱죬޻մѪϴ鷳͵һֻӲľ崲ϡ
ĽѾôһ磬ػسʹ˲֪ٴΡ
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СĽ𽥰ݣϽ˵£ӿ϶ģͺӶƽƽġ
ոǸǲûԱٳԵ㶫ˡ
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һŸĭƲˣֻʣ¼۵ζ
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˵֮ǰÿ˶ĽĻĻ뷨ȫתˡ
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ϾɵʼţǸˣٵ˵̬ȣѲ³ԭ϶û¡
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˶һˣ֤ƷĲզء
룬ǸҲȻ޸ԭˡ
ﴫԽԽ˺ѷΡ
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Ҳڴϣǲ˴ͬһӡ
һȥˡ
СҲ棬Լһ˽ȥš
ƾɵľ崲һ֪꣬ʱûʱĳ࣬ɿף£մϳ
֪ûֻûˣһ㱡Ĵǻڲ
ߵߣüⴲôôӲ
һߵİ϶űӣڴϵһߣٰ걧ڱϡ
䣬ʶ𽥻¯һš
ǲҪˣ
ڴߣԼϣޱ߱ˮʪķ˿˵ģڣ㲻
Ǵʵ
ȻûӴĽģİûһҲаʮܱ֤аĵ겻
Ļ̌˫ᣬʵڲףΪʲôԱô졣
֮ǰһٴ˵ԼȥͿȢҡ
ȴ϶
ҲĵشĽģоԼ
Ľ࿴̫ɬˣ϶ûʮꡭ
ҪǷִָϷң߳Ͽȡ
ŶӣڴϣǲҪˡ
ƽ绹ж
֪һţҪȻҲֵڡ
ڣλΪʲôƽšǽʵɡ
˵ʵڵģһϣָͺˣȴһ˳ܵķӺƽ
ۣΪ˷˿ְԼġ
˵ȱ𼱣¼ãһҵ֣Ҳû£պõʹ
Ҳû֮ǰĵɵһģܰ˵ħ
Ľ˫ֶһֻ֣ץסһݡ
˫ֱȴůͣĽĲСǡĵһˮݡ
ĽС˵ոļ䣬˫һֱůǸ룬ֶ̳ˮݡ
ˮˣȻ۵ġ
˫۾ֻǶһЦ˵û£ġ


5 
ĻĽԼεĸо
룬ѵԼѾˣִ
ĽԴӼұˣԼҲ֮ӱɽ
֮Ϊݣ˸һҲ˸һͽ¥Ϊˡ
Ľĵʱ¼ˣΪҪֱ
ЩΪ˱ԼȥֱѾ˵Ϣת־Ͱ˵һƫƧСɽ˳ȥ
˵ˣһװˣڹŴһȺ߳жУߵˡ
ʱһߴ24ң߳жҲһҡ
ȻԽǸߡԽǿεˣȻҲԽŮӻӭ
˳಻ͦһ˫۶ű˴ʱüĿ·𶼴һ顣
ĽĴûԼһʲô
ǣһۿʱûʧ
ȻôãЩҲĽľôȥ
ĽΪﳼ֮ӣģ
׺ıԾͱ¶Լûʲô£ȴƫƫߡ۸ֵͣƲˡ
Ĳ˵ѧһīˮܿĽһȲ
Ľĸݸˡ
ƮԷͷƣԼûǮȻòͷƵ
֮󣬻ȥͶĽȭߡ
ĽڴҲ˳ܣƹˤ
һ˳ӣСյĽҲҪԼ๫ǧֵҪ
鸮ĺӣΪݣעܵҵġ
Ľĵİ˵ңΪɣűĸ˵ĺӡ
Ľߣһ࣬ĽĲŻϺӡ
ǳ׵ĵڶ꣬ʮ»̥ҲҪˡ
ӱһѵĹŹأĽѾʮŬˣǿŲȥˡ
ĽһҲ˾ʲôûˣߣٻϣܿͰơ
ԣӹټѣĽĶҧš
ڣѾҧܳŵȥˡ
=
Ľץţַ·ѾԼġ
󣬵ʹĸϲһקʹǷַӵ顣
룬Ľڳܵʹ࣬ǧ򱶡
һʹҲΪԭˡ
˵äĿþҪнģҪȻӺѳ
ĽĸոһβΪʹԵˮ
ĻһʱЩӦ
Ҳ֪ڵٹͣǸĽķʩ
ɣסУþ
ٲ죬ʮƽȣ˵ǿȫһ
ƽƽз·һĽôĻþ˲ʮӣͻȻ䣬Ľĺݺݵץס֡
һ·С޵屻ʹвĽ߳
Ӹߣ㱻ĽȣҲܿ˺ӵĴ̥ëԴ
ѾҪˡ
Ҳиϲ˵ӵͷѾҪˣõϾͿˡ
ʱǧЪϢһ
ֹʮӣӵԴ׳ˡ
Ľĵıһͷ
Լȥ֣СذѺӱ
̥Դֻ֮Ҫעλãƴ׵İѺӱȫò
׼õļú͵Ͽһ£
Ŀ˵Ķ
ΪڣĽӵĹûʲôе㾫
źӵƨɣİŽĽĻ
Ц˵⺢㣬ÿ
ĽƤƫףپ£ͺܺÿˣټüһɰ룬˶鶯
ƫĽһӣĺ˰ѳֲס
ĽڰѺԼĸҲˡ
źӵĿģԼӵеһжӡ
ĽĲͷϸĴźӣܿĽǶޡ
֣Ȼڱĸǰһˡ
˵Ȼס
ôСһӣƤͨͨ죬۾޵öһߣ˰
˵ѵϣӸԼΪʲô˵ӸԼأ
ĽľúӵıӸȷʵġ
źӣĽĽΧһ顣
ӣ̥䣬ַٰĽĵĶϣܸ꺢ӺӲӹ
ʱ򣬵ҪĸŶƤӹСԭλá
ҲĻָ
ڲѾŪӣ˼ôʰ
ȰѼ̥ʲôĶˡ
תһȦҵԭ£ˡ
ǲûзֶı졭
˵ǡﻹı𣿡
֪ʲôֱ
ʱҲعŸоԼ˯ϣӲľ崲ϡ
ɫ֪ûˡ
ٳٶۣҲܵЩճ塭
ȻӶеģ껹Ǿʮɬ붯һ;رᣬҲرۡ
ڵۣʱۣǾС׼ˡ
˵𶯣ţ취
ΣȥţϾվڴڴȥţķӺʹ峤ķˡ
ţػ֮ţ˵ˣ
ͷ˵ˡ
ţ㲻ȥϱվҼſڸ
Ҫ㶫
ţûܺ˵ǲǣ
˵ҼȱӣһӣûһЩӵ򲼺١
Щʱģ֮۳ͭȫļ۸㡣
һǮڼ䣬ΪϢʱңҶ⡣
ţտʼ˵˺׽Ǯ
ǸϢţĶ˵ȸһ̣ҵ֪ļ
Ȼ֣ҷɺͺӻڼңûʱ䡣
һ仰軹ǲ衣
ʱ壬ϢĺֵǮ
ţУҽȥáҼиշõı죬Ƕϱ׼ȥǮģ㣬Ҳʡţ˹ȥˡ
ԼҪĶȥ
ȻĴ󻧾ǲƴ֡
Ľڻ˶ֱӳȥˡ
һ˺ǻš
֮ǰãڿ϶ںġ
ôԸոôĶԴԼ˵߾ߣ
ѵȥȾˣ
ѵԼ˺ӣס
ĽôʹԵʹ֮⣬ʱûޡ
ȴΪһССĶ޵ֹֹס
Сԭ˺󣬹ɵڰߣڲ֪ôŸܵڿޣԼҲʼޡ
ʱ򣬸սԺӣ
룬⺢Ƥúʰ۰ڶ֪ЪһЪ
һ㶼֪۰
Ľ»ģȻո壬Ȼʪ
ôҲټѹܲҪԼˣŵĲ֪ô졭
ΪĽˣſ˺ӵȫò
һ˲䣬ĽǱ
ΪʲôΪʲôĺӣüĻһɰأ


6 
ȥʱĽĻﱧźӣɫҰףոӵʱҪ԰ס
촽ûһ˿Ѫɫ
ɾȻСرźӡ
ʮظСӵر
ĽĵĶȻ裬ȴԼԺӵϲ
Ц⺢ӹȻϵһͲˡ
˵ʱ϶Ҳûͣ׼̴
ʱޱ޻ʵڣʰһӣڴյǰߡ
ȸպúʣ˯ȥӲ
̫Ӳѵ˲
̫Ļֶ׵á
ֵӵĺȣоһӾ㹻ˡ
ʱ޻ӱȲϺеϯ˼ţ·ƺõӣ㶼ȥҲ̫׵
ʵϲһεĴӲһģ
ĽĴһ£ƺû뵽Ȼڸ˵
ҡ𣿡
ɬΪո˺ӣɤжЩ
Ůת࣬ȴƽ׸һϸˮ¾õĸо
ʵЦǰҽԺĴ󻷾Уǳ¡
ȥҽǹȻҲܱʹȴҪͲȥĸܽȻЩݻٳɶ࣬ƶҽѧĽ
ҽǿͳƵʱ򣬿϶ЦݣϾⶼĲ
ܽҲδԵ̫ɵ
ԣ˰һļܡ
ټڲƵǲܶŲЦ档
ԣѾ벻һЦʲôʱˡ
񣬿걿׾ȴıźӣϲԾؾʹЦݡ
ЦԴȻ㣬ѵʺӣ
Ľ߸̺õıӴһ̫ζ˸оʮֵˬ
ɵ˵㹻ˡ
Ҳûʣжһӣʱòټӡ
ѸɾĴȥȻܲһСĽĻγ
һ±Ƶĺӣʲô
ðɣܷʲô޾Ͷˡ
ĽҲģĳǵϲںĵһӡ
ڿ̬ȣȻ⺢ûж磬ҲĮ
˵
һıһϥ䣬Ͱڻ
ʵոպӻûʱҲô
ĽǻʹĥȥϾ˼һ㡣
˳ȵŵϴŵˮ
Ľ꺢Ӻһֱûӡ
һֱţ͸磬δһ磬Ľеࡣ
ĽıԼĲӣԼ£Ȼŷŵϡ
û˿档
ϸչ˲˵ļ
ɿذߵĴ̺ãȻĽĸǺñӣѹ±ǡ
ʱʵ·
·һ׾ڴŵģһڴߵĹ
ҵ󣬷ֳ쵽ϤϤĸĽĴá
ӷĹΪ֮ǰӴˣͰѿûˡ
ڼҲûϵ
궼ٺãŸСӹ򲼣ٰʵˡ
ֵ£Ȼ¶ƫߣҲܱȺӺá
ǻ͸ÿ̿յˡ
һһС֣֮ͣǰǴŪ˵
һ˲꣬޻ѾѹýʵմѪۡҪϴĻǸ޴Ĺ
ⶫˣա
Ȼʰɨ߻ⷽ棬Ǹ⺺
ΨһϴӵĿ¾ڴϵ꣬Ÿոô֣
ţѾôͿԡ
ոµӣѾǹ˵ġ
Ľڱ¶ȸղˬ˲֪ٱ
룬Ҳ֪Щ๫ǴŪġ
ѼﲻҪĶᵽ˳
һ˶ô꣬䡢ɾԼҪ
ȵһжʰãʼԼ껹ѧУʱʦġע
˵Ϥϰ
ҲǿЦġ
صСӸոտ޹˯ˡ
Сģȥܿɰüһɰ룬ֱʮϲ
ȴһֱû˯ţŵʱգգ۾ʱַɿƿߡ
ڴߣ˸⣺𣿡
ӣɵҡҡͷ
ҪǸӰŴ˶ôµȥְ
ﲻ𣿡
ҡͷζһ仰ûС
۵ĻһҪ˵ߣҲ¡
꿴۾ôģ˿ڣȴû˵
ʱԺȻһЩ档
๫еģ
ڵϣરµҴˡҴˣԺҲˡ
һȭߡ
룬ԼԹ߶ҪˣЩôġ
ҽ裬ǰƽĽ
ֱӽҵ֣ߡ๫
ϲ
ûΪ˺ǸΪ֪˺˱֮󣬵ǸԵΪ
ʱûõĶ
Լʵжֲ˺
Ϊ˵ʱһǳĳƺ˵˳

˵֮۾ϣͲҪͷˡ
֪ηӦҽ๫ߡΪ˼Уڵ֮ǰȫһˡ
Ľһµĳƺʼµ
ԼһƺְǱһ湴
ǿԼ̣ӡӲŸճôĴľܲ
Цˣ˵ƺҺϲ
ԭأո˼Ƚܿ˳˯С
ϸİѼﶼһ飬Ҵʮƽ׵ӣһŴľ崲ǽ
βиصһҾˡ
һΪ㣬һЩС
Ƿڴ̨ڲ࣬ÿԼµ·ϴˡ
ûĹˣֻʣ¨ӡ
һװ·һûߡ
·¨淢߰˸ͭ壬ҲûԲˣԭȫҵơ
ûЩͭ壬ڻ֪ʱĹһϴ·ǿţ壬Ȼ̽һĿڷ硣
ԼոѾ΢һԭദƬΡ
ô֣ӦҲԶ˰ɡ
Ҫֱӵ濪֣ⲻͰ˵Լԭô
ʱ򻹲֪ԭҲһֱ֪ʲô֡
ûһƺ·ֻһп޵ˡ
ܵһһ
ϴ·Ŵеĸϱϴ賯Զȥ뵽Լţʱ򿴵ӡ
ƴ˶ںϴ·
ʰǣ鳣ô·ľ·ٴ󲿶ӵβϣһˡ


7 
ֻϴ·𣿺ôһˣ
ѽ㲻˵Ҷû֣˵еĻǸ
ɵ㣬Ǹ仧
ӺͰ鳣ѵҲҪȥϴ·ģ
˭֪أķôû˻ǻ˵ġ
ԶĸǣȻȳÿһľ
Ůӣø̫
ͷһӣˮž͵һϥǴ
ˮСʯͷз峺ףĹ͸һ㶼ϴ·
ǴҲпͷϵԼǾÿ˼ȥϴ
ϾǺ֣֮ϴ·δռˡ
Ϊ˹ƽռʯͷգÿȥεʯͷϴ·
ӱߵʱЩѾ͸λ
ǿϴ·ǸϱԼȥǰһϱʯͷӡ
ϴ·˰ҵĵطø㣡
˵ֶ꣬ԱߵŮ˵㣬ҽ·٣㼷һҾϴˡ
ɡ
֪ЩףһĻҲֻǼ⣬Ȼл
ϱĻһһֽϴ·һĵش
ʵϴ·λãĽһڽ졣
ô໧Ҷ˳źˡ
ֻ̲˰·źܾãûʹĽģԼϴˡ
ûùϴ·ټʱǸִķеģʴˣտʼϴʱ߶Ա׾
û˵Ĺǲ˼ȥ˵һֻż͵һ
˵ϱҲͿʼкҲ˵ʲô
Ͼʱ£Ůøϸء
Ӿڻشıؾ֮·ϣţĴϳԶ;úӱǸϴ·ʮ졣
߽ˣˡ
ֱԽԽ
ϣ˻ϴ·̫Ҫ߳˰
ţ߹ӱˣ˰ӣۻ
ţСӣ
äϳ˾ˡ
ӦǴϺˣ˱ǩ
šӦһ
˰ţ˩·ߵʯͷϣԼߵߣ̽ͷϸ˿
ϴ·
˵ϴûͦģ
һֱޱ飬ϴ·ֲѣֻǹŴ·϶࣬㡣
ǺͰ鳣ϴʡ
˵ˣʱҲװӾ磬־ˡ
ǴˣǣȻĻϴ·ϣиʦܸ㻭ͷװ͸ɡ
Ժٸ۸в㡣
˵Ŀɶ˻
󺺿жʮ壬ֵ׳꣬չŴԣӹƶԴˡ
ҲˮԼòǰòʮơ
ȴͬڶʮĳء
Ľһ˵ĳ룬ڴҲʮ߰ꡣ
󺺼ϴ·ֺˣһ֮ǰˣҲ·
ˣɸ˸Ѷģⶼ˵Լϴ·ˡ
ü˵ƽͺá
ǸС޳öɰǸܹ鶼Լĺӡ
Ǵ󺺸ֺˣҲкˣԺǵˣõĶ
Ҹϼû˵䡣
˵ҲһģǰݼҵĹŮ˵ҵܵܵϱڳˣһҶ¡
źۼĵͷԭҲһϺˣΪеƵĹϵſô
ǰĲ㣬Ҷտ㡣
Ҳ׷ƨɺͷһŽӣ㻹Ⱦƣͺܹˡ
ҸϼһҪúýѵ㡣
ڿ㵱֮Ƕ¶ˡ
Ҳ·ϴˣšˮ·װ
л֮ǰչˣԺ󲻻ٷˡ
һߣ֮ǰλøĹҲϴ·
ĽǵҲϴ裬첽ˡ
ߵĴһһǳţʱʱü
ͣ½ŲԼ֪˽ʲô
һ־͸Ժӡ
ȡֿ㰡
ţӡ
룬Ժƻ֮֡
Ӹ磬ˡ
˵£һȥԼľһ£˯һͺá
кܶԼӣʵá
ȴ˵ҿʯͷţҸһ¹ǡ
ӱ˵ùܣһžͲȽ۵ĳˡ
ٲǣȾҪˡ
Ľףţǹǽڷ֣룬ԹԵģ˾͸ׯҺһ
ֿǶֻ¡
ŮǡһǱдֵģ˵ĺÿ
룬ԺǮˣҲöӶ顣
Ȼûѧʲôīˮ˼ʾ͸ͨ˲һ
ûտԼ֣Ҫ˵˫Ҳȫĵطˡ
ʮָ޳ÿһָ׶Բ籴ǣҲûκμӣһһ˫ŵ֡
ȻҲûô֡
ûӴкֱ׼λã˫һ
û׼۵ġ໡һС
Աϴ·Ļ́ͷ
ǸʲôأܰǴӽֹŹģ
Ӳ۳ɳɤӻظ
ûܣҽˣǡ
վڲڵ߿
ӱΪڵǹĵۡ
Ǻʩħһһоûˡ
ֻǿ飬֪ˡ
ֻȥϴϴٰ֣ϴ
ӵţԱߣӷȥԼһš
СӰһǣҽĴû
û˵Ĳǣ
ֻǵ˰꣬һֻûķϡ
ӸмͶˣ˵껹Ҫȥ𣿿ϾȥҽݵѧͽҲɣٻҡ
ӣһ·Ҳ׬˼ͭ塣
˵ˣҽݵĴɺˣȥﵱˣÿٷҽݳԣһ»أ
룬Լȷʵ˼׬Ǯҵˡ
ӵ˵ʱĴһ¿׬ӣǾͭǮҲǧġ
峯ơ
һͭһǮһǮҲһǧģһӡ
ʵһֻʮģ
˵ǰϵļǮڴֱȥţͳɣĵʮġ
ͷŶʱǮĹһ˽⡣
ʣ߰ǮҲֻʮӡ
ҪĽҲˡ
ӾӲûжԶӸϲĽʡǮ֮
ڿˣ֪۷ˣǺ¡
ٲǮȥƺˡ
׬Ǯ߰޺˵
ҪȻ©궬͸ģСôס
ˣŴӤ׶زʼֱ̫ߣҼһĺӡ
Ȳ˵컨ˮ˵ԱԺⶼǸ⣬û·⡣
룬ȷעȰѷӲãҪȻʱ÷£ﶫҪùˣԺӲá
ӿȥˣҲΪο
ǴҼһæũԷʱ䣬˸պҲϼˣ֪˽ţӽɵģĻ˽ŵӣ
ӣ׬Ǯȥҽˣ
ӹһЦ˵߾λҽأ
ˣ


8 
˶֪ƽͦչģʱ˾ףӻԶϹڡ
ʵԭųС£֮⣬û¡
Ҳǲʲô£ڴԵãҲ׵ĸˡ
Ӿʵʵڵˡ
룬ҽݰ
ɱͷ
Ӽ˲ţҲû˵ʲô
Ҫһ־͸ùˣʣҲǲյġ
ţſڣԼϴ裬˵лˡ
лʲôҪӦллŶԡҪ㣬ȿ϶죬ͽɽˡ
˸ݡ
ΪСԵԵԺӴܶ࣬ǰǰԺǽһˮ
Һ滹иԺмһ·
ȥʱĽѾһˡ
ӲˬһֻۣʣͺӣĽһ˲ľš
ŽûӦ
СӵûôУ˯㡣
Ľļſ˵СţڴԼűƿ
ǶǴũæˡ

ȿϴʱĽľŵĲӴ
˲·ȰĽķٸһͷ
ôˣ𣿹ﻹЩ
Ľҡҡͷ˵·
ϴˣӲãϢҪġ˿áȥӱϴ·ʲôԡ
ֻԼͷˣɸ꺢ӣѵ·ȷϴ
Բ
ĽĿѾþˡ
ҡϴ·ˡϴġ
ס֣״̬Ҫϴ·
Щ࣬Ľһʱ䲻֪ôش
ǰ鸮ʱ򣬽ӴˣѾߵҶﶼûȥϴ·
ֱɣĽҲ֪Լܷ
ĸͽ¥Ľһֻһָĳͷʽ
ңĵλŮӻҪ̵ͣʱ򣬴ҲĽʲô֪ͱ
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ĽѾϰˡ
ֻţúõºӣúӿҸĳԺ˵һź£Ҹ
ΪʲôͻȻ֮ôã
ĽĿһϴɾ·ҧŴȻҲĽ鱾дɾ¡
Ѿ͸
ܣڸճ׵ʱĽĻɪĹ֣ⶼǳ˵Ρ
ڣĽľԼϿϱ֯ξһ
ȻҸļⶼģվһΡ
ʲô˵·϶һִ֮Сӡ
ЩͷۣԾһЩƽʱڸ˼˵һЩעһ
岻ܷ磬ΪʲôҪôϴϴ·飿
ʵĽֻǵĺֻάô̵ʱ䡣
ǵȵˣֱ֮ǰʹԼĻŲס
ƶ˵˭ܳܵġ
ĽĴԴ˵˾Ϳϴ·
ǰһһֱɻֻҪ̬Ⱥһ㡢һ㣬ͺá
֪֮˵Ҫϸĺǻ
Ĵ˶һͣЩݡ
ɷϣӺŮ˱øӽҪɷͼ˵ĺǻһͨƽ顣
Ͼʮ»̥һأĸ׸˭ࡣ
Ҳǿǵⷽ棬ŰĽչ˵΢
ϾմԽҲ֪ʲôƢԣֻɬԼǸء
Ҫһ˳ô࣬ʮϧ
ϾԼҽǼչ˭ȥչˣ
ɾͷˡ
Ϊʲôһ㶼ѵŸ꺢ӵ壬ͼɻ
ԭǸˣҵز
ŷȻԷɺá
˵ʱļģ壬Ӧģ֪𣿡
һ㣬ͻȻɪһ¼
ԭôôǰ϶ұ
̾˿ִȣ֡
вټӣǻӲǾʹ겻ǴСôģǼ޽󣬲ű˵ʹ
Ҳ㣬Ժʲô뷨Ըңһ
Ľı֣ͻȻЩ֪룬Ȼ˫ָոձӡ
ʱû˵
ĽҲװûôܡ
ڲһ˵ɤĴͷĽֻܺҵĵͷʲô߰뷨ˡ
ӦˣԼȥԺ·ȻȥѼʢ
֮ǰûԶٶȵʵԼҲ̡
⼦һֱڣ֭ζ쳣
ոʢʱרƲȥͣʴ˿һ㶼壬ʺȡ
ĽıιڣͻȻ˵
ϵĶ˶٣ţ
ȳԣҲ
˵仰Ӿ͹һС
˳ĲСʱڲܳԶһʱôһ˵飬϶ˡ
Ҳµ϶ҲûԶֻҲ֪ĶġһֻʮǮѾþûˡ
ֻιԼȴԣ¾˵ôһĻ
˵ʲôԼӶ๾ˡ
̫£ȴ˿Ϊһ˿ݵߡ
ſڡ
·û˵ҲûӵĽ
ڿ껹еġ
ֻҪһȥͱֵʮֹɣһ仰һָ
һιˣ겻ܿƵĴá
Цһڲˣ
ͷš
ú𣿡
ٴεͷúȡ
֪Ϊʲô𣿡
ЩߣЩţû˵
ڶ̫ˣǰҲкóԵľġ
ֻ˵̡
꣺
ȷʵҪȻϷôóԵģΪʲôиһѲء
ۿžҪһ޳ͷվˣȥһ̣ӻûء
ȻճСõʳĸ飬Żûɥˮĵز
ֻһЩ׺Ҫõʱ̣ӵʳ
컹ûڣһġ
ëһֱţ޶ԾȥӼụ̂׾ˡ
֮ǰѾһ㶫õˣҲӵļҡ
ߵӼǰͿƿƿ޹ޡ
Цָ̣ճҸ͵̡⻹һס
ܲ𣿣
Ҫ߸ۣ


9 
ޱ飬ʵѾʮ𾪡
룬ոո˵Ǿ仰ֻڿЦǳ˳ĵϷ
ˣ濴ȥǫѷʵȴѸġ
ô˵ɣĳæֻҪʲôر԰쵽飬
Ҫ߽ĵףȷʵѡ
ϱڶѧʱΪòڣɼҲͻϵһĶϡ
˵ܾ;ܾ
ϵǸ֮ԺĹȻ˵ס̸ȻҪ׷֮ͬûůģϵǷˡ
˱УĸҽԺͬһдҲ׷
ϵ׷ֵȫУ֪ǲǡͬҪԣ

ȻûԹģ˵ԭߴ׸ģΪֹû⡣
ܽ׵ϿһѣҲ顣
ѼԿһЩ˴ŵЦȴܴ顣
룬ԼŽӴһ죬֮ǰ֫Ӵò˺ҽĹϵ͡
ΪҽôԵϷˣ
ӿƽɫ񼴽Ҫ飬ֺһ¡
ЦɩӣǸ֮С
Щ͵κȵлֵܼ䲻̸Ǯ
֮ǰҲʱӸҲ͹ףʱӵϱΪġ
Ǽ˿ڶ࣬ԷҲ࣬׶ǽãాĶϡ
˾Ȼһף⻹ˣӵϱֱըˡ
ӻΪ£ɫô
æһ¡
ĵĬĬ̾ϢһҲܿӹӵĶл֮ߡ
ȥʱ򣬺ӹȻѾҪԶˡ
걧嶼岻
Ͻһ̣ˮһιӡ
Ѿˣĵ̫µʱϳͷԺƽ͸ɴܿһ꣬ﱧһССĺӡ
ǵӰϦȾٺɫͷιӺ̣ҲǸϡ
һޱȵҸ
ʵֻǿ񵭣Сι̱Ͳһ׵顣
ʱûƿȫһһ׵ι
Сһûȥ³
ĽĿʵĵҪ
ʵҲʲô߰ĽȫȻǺͻȻˡ
Ľ֪ͿݣڲǸҲǡ
Ľĺܵġ
С̣Ҳֻü룬ţĶҵһЩΪϡ
ȻϵС촦ҪŪҲЩ·
Сι̣Ķǰˡ
æôãʵҲֻһŴл
κʹȻѡȰѼСֻչ˺ãԼȥ
Ӻָһӣ˵װкõһЩײ˰ӣ⼸ñµأҪȻ²Ժˡ
տˮԼһ룬ָһɰ
ӸԼĴﻹһСɫľ״һﳢһ£ǡ˳־ͰǷ
˵ͷİϣ걧ŸճԺĺӣ˵˯˾Ͱ£ٺȵ
˵仰˶١
ɫȴѾͨ졣
Ĳǹġ
ʲôʱԹȥ
=
СƤȻ˯ˣһڴϣŴͿʼޡ
ͺ֪ڲںԼһ
ӹӣĽĸϽͰѺӱ˵ȱһѷˣһҪһˡ
룬Ҳֻˡ
ĽһֱĵشɫֻںŪ·ٵʱü
֮ɫһֱû仯û⺢Ӹݡ
Ϊӣչ˵ʮ
Լķ˲ϳԶҪӡ
Ľĳ׷
ڴ꣬ҲH顣
βһ˺Ǽȴӡ
Ǽ˾ͳһ˯ˣ͵͵СѾͷñװѾͷԼԼġ
Ϊ˰ѾͷȥһԱĶӽףʮӡ
Ǽ˵ϱǸģºڴ֣ȫ˶֪ˡ
Ľİȷǣ󲿷˾áһѾͷ֪ܻܲʮѾܲˣﲻǻ𡯡
ͬǸû˺ӵŮˡ
Ľ֮ǰһֱԼĺⰹ
Ǹ֮Ľľ͸ˡ
ڿ극ͰѺӱڻĸӵı
Ľ룬϶ġ
˵һѾˣȳԡ
и󽲾ʳ͡
룬֮ǰȵҲŶҲҪˣŻһֻ
ĽİѾˣŵȺһ
̵ģĽ۾һǰڼϲǡ
Ǽ޸ûôԹ
ڹŴǼûô߳һʹײǣϾ᲻׶ھǣûзչøǵĵز
ʮײ˶һƳһǡ
Ľĵı龡۵ס
ϲǣ
ĽĸϽӣͷȻַɿҡҡͷ
źӣû˵ʲô
Ѿ׼
ȵһ룬Сҧɰ
ĵģȴֲɢڼ
ò䣬ɰļãԿ䵥ǰû
극Ľˮϴ룬ûһ
һֱͺˡ
ĽĿԼѾ˯˵ĺӣСૣǲ̫̰ˣ
=
ϴ룬ˮ裬ĶԼ壬Ҳںˮˮ
ȴȵϵˮɵĲ࣬Žݡ
ʱѾ˯ˣһյ˿ϸҡҡλεú͵ơ
Ҳ֪ôŲ˴ڲ࣬岻ȴŬֻռССһط
ҲͦϲӵģͰѺм䣬ǲԼǽĵط
Ҳʮˡ
źӣȥ׺ӰҹͻҪԵġ
׺ھ͵ϣȵҹײ㹻Աա
˺м䣬ͬҲûôԽܡ
Ľ˯һǳΪҽǳ
ʱͰĽԺиоڸԼԴ
ǻû˯˹ȥ
ڶһĽľͿ£·ӱСץ¶һضš
ûһźӣһָι׺
ȵѺӷ£øĽĴ۵Сۡ

˷绯
ļҽԲ̻̻¶ģ


10 
˵ʵԼڵĺܲ⣬·ãѵ·Ե̫
ؼ͸ʮ˵ıƷ
ʴˣѺӷ֮תȥϵ·ӡ
Ľһ˲¡
ǰصɢûϴͳ·ϴ
ǰҹҲ֣ȫڡ
ŴũĲһ㶼éӣΪ˱ҹһŲȿյȥҼһ䱸ҹ
СͲȥéӡ
ڣ·ֻǰڰڣԼ࿴ۡ
ԣ⻰е㡭塣
ĽãȻ룬ûж࿴ŵ˼
ȫ֪Ľƣ֪ǰѾڷϲһĴϵ¶˸顣
·ȥϴùŴز֦մ˵ΰͣˢ
һУ˵ˮ˽ȥϴ
ֱҪܳл󣬵ͷˢ
лʲôȻ޸ңǾҵķɣһˡС£õл
ΪԼ˯ţϾʲôûУһԽԷĹϵͬһŴϡ
֪̫ۣɺĲӰ쵽ܿ˯ˡ
ҹΪһ׺庢˯ź춼ˡ
ʱû˯ȥ˼Լǰ·
صʵǿ϶زȥģļǵԼ󿨳ײһ¡
㲻°뱲ӿ϶ҲΪһˡ
һ£мڿײأ
΢΢
룬ܽʬ꣬ƽ׶üʮѾĲס
ҪľӦڵķ⽨󻷾ԼѾǸзкӵ˵Ŭڵӡ
ڻָͷԺиֹͱˡ
ŴŮӺ͸һ˺޴󣬱ϾԿη˻Ѻ뵱ޡ
ȥӰǳá
˵ˣڻ˺ӡ
һ֮ңʵʲô׷ӵ顣
Ȼϱһֱֻ顣
ֻôûһĵġ
ķòɬüë䣬۾Ϊÿ
˫Ƥβ΢´ëܳһ˵ʱ򣬸һַǳ޹Сĸо
رߣȷǡôĺг
ȻǿǵҲòϣ곤ǳɫ
ִŻһۡ
룬֮֮
ĳԸͦθڵģԼһҲһҲ
ֲû
ڵҪ񣬵Ȼ׬Ǯҡ
Ǯ˺ܶ롣
ǴӸɽˮһɽȻȥ˼ҡ
ûţѵҪһĲ𿿽ϣԼڵԲ
ţյʱ䣬Сʱ㣬һСʱ
Ȼõţ
ҪǻͽҪСʱ
룬ȷʵʺϿȥ
ȵ½֮󣬵ô壬ȥϻǮһʯ
룬ϲֲСУûľա
ºֻʣһ·ǾǰӵĽ飬ȥҽˮ
Ѹӵ׺߹ñסɢˡ
±֭ƫ嵭ļȣһļ
˵ҳȥӸȥƣ׬Ǯá
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ǹɵĵͷȴ͸¶һ˿־塣
ϡǸƮԷͷƾϵİ
뵽Ƕۣһ˿Ȼ
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ʣһڼ𣿡
ҡͷ¡һúչ˺ӵģġ
ŵʱͻȻһ䣺㡭·Сġ
Ľվ˵ȥء
˵óԵġ
Զš
=
ͷ̫磬ࡣ
ȥӼó緹ţа복õĲ
ӿ۾Բˡ
װô𡣡
˻ЦС̳ˣ
ӵϱʰ뵽Լ˵κ˽š
һٸţ̫֮ǰＸӱϴ·ϱ˵˼仰ȷеʵ
Ķ¶Ц˸С𣿡
⻰ʵǹϲģ˸Ѷġ
Ҫʾʽ˵ýԺĻشһǰ
ô졣
˵ǸҺϲ
ӣ
ӵϱ
ǿ࣬˵Ц
״ӡ
ӵϱΪŮӣᵽиʿ࣬ɰͰ͵ĸ˵Ҳϲһأͷ̥󣬵ڶ̥ûôΣˡ
𾪵ûع
˵˰˸
漦ί
Ը˵⣬ܹĺӺͷɣ۰ˡ
Ӹ磬ڻҪɽһЩ𣿡
ǡҲô˷ˣشǰ磬һ𣬰ѳװȥ
ڳǰ󿳵ģֲļ۸һ㡣
һʯҲʮԼΪһٶʮ۸һǶʮġ
복Ӵװּĸֱ֦ˣһֻҪʮĲ
˵Ҹһɽǰһҩȫȥɽɵҩҽݡ
Ҳ֪￪ѣһڴӦС
ȻܲɵҩģҲڼֺкá
Ϊӵ·ɽǱȽϰȫ
ӻܣɽǣȺǲҽӡ
ҲעԼȥɽҪıҧˣû˾ȡ
˵лӸ硣
˵䣬ˣֲҩĸϺȾǲҩʱҲǲժʱ
п֣пŵ
˵ĹЧҪڸ棬óЯĲӣȰΧɣȻ־ذγ
Ӽ˼񣬷ֵȷʵˢӣⶫʶңҲôβҩ
֪ҽÿרΧĴժҩġ
Ƕרҵַŵ͸ڵһ
룬ΪͨˣϳҩͲˣ˵Ķҽݶա
ңҩ̫٣м仹ӲݣҽҲҪϾôֺþã̫
ܾȵط֣ĲҩܶడȻмӲݶ࣬Ժķֱ
ԼҪĲҩİγ
飬ζֲҩЩúõİΡ
̶̲ʮӵʱ䣬ѾһѣҲ˲˷ɿɽ
ӵϱ˵Ҫɲҩе㲻š
ֺõĸϲĲݣһʱҲԼۿ˵ˡ
˵ֵøüߡ
߰Ѳҩãٷŵ
ϱǺӵţҡҡλεĳϸȥ


11 
Դ¶һ֣κ˽š
еĵλȻһΡ
˵ǰоһ̲ǽ࣬ôڣֱԳƵӻͷ𲻻ˡ
ڲߵչ·Ѿкܶ౳űⵣϱˡ
ǱԼҵļĺɰ׼õϻǮ
ڼҪͶˣڶæԼҵС
֮ǰȳɶжӦ£񿴵ƵС󣬻дӰ
ȷũæ
˴ӣ·߲ӣǿϴ·ӡ
·߾ǽӲӵ
֣еضС󣬲мصСΪϲˡ
ÿһС󶼿ҲԱСߡ
е˲ӲݣСղ֣þ͵͡
ͿڲˣݣСȻúá
ǰһ㣬һӲݱС󻹳͡
ָǿأ˵ҵĵҪٲúȥӶ𡣡
ԭǾҷֵĵذ
ӿɫ˵Ȼ˵Ҷһӣ峤ֻԵһ۵ӡ
һ۶򲻳
֪Ƕˣµأضȥ껻ɡ
ȥӣȥӳûʱβݣųӡ
أѾ˼Ҫʲôѻˡ
ӿ˵ΪǨŭڷɡ
ӸϽ˵¿ɹֲɣСβǻӶˣ䲻ȥ
㵱ʱҲû˵Ҫ˰æŻķء
ĿͶŵϣ˵Ҳ۸
⻰ҪǷǰ˵ӿ϶¡
ϲϱ˲ô
˿ϱֹϱǰŵǸ֤ԼҲ
˶һʣǾԼû£ϴǲм
Ȣ˸ϱ͵Ȣ˸ķǮ֣첻Ҫźһˣӣû͵÷첹Ǯá
Ȼ첹Ǯ඼óȥƺˡ
ֿ֮ʼϱ
һѭ
ǰˡ
ʴˣӶ˵ơԺ󲻴ҷɡ仰Ҷ
ΣӾòһˡ
Ȼıû֤ôϿң֤Ļ˵ƮƮ
һ򵥵ġҲ۸
ɾƽ˵Ӹоġ
ûټ⣬һЩũϰԺͼ۸
ҲϾȻǸˣʮָմˮ
ԼһׯҺһ˳֪µС㡣
Ȼ֪ô룬ֻٵ˽磬Ƽ
ũæ󣬴˾ͻһЩڵ߲ˣ磬Ͳˡ²ˡеȵȡ
һ㶼ֻԼҳԣֻд峤ҵĲ˲Żȥ
룬Ŵ϶Ǽ󻧴һ۳һ塣
峤Ȩܴ󣬿Էءȫʲô¢ϸ߲˵ĹӦ
ҲûŰԼֵĲȥ
ǼҴֻˣСڻܳԲˡҪ߲˵࣬ôһأҪֺˣͲԷˡ
Ӹ磬Ѽ۸Ŷ٣
˵⿴Ҫ٣ֻĶһһĶһѣǮ
ǮҲڱ䣬ͬĲѿ϶ͬǮ
ͷʾԼ֪ˡ
ļ۸񣬵Ϊ˱ӵĻɣʵĶũ
ԭũЩ϶Ҳû롣
ȵϵʱѾ˵չˡ
ҪȥǿõĲ͸һ˼ңڸӵʱָָҽݵķ
ҽݵҲʶ۴˶ȥҽݿƹǺˣӲۺҿҩ
ԭҽݣָǱ߱ȽƫƧϣż۸ˡ
л֮󣬾͸ӷֿˡ
˵Ӹ磬˲ҩͻȥǾͲһˡ
ӦˣУһţȥ˵Ȼȥ
˷ֵҲûȥҽݣĳָķȥ
ӵĻܹǾ飬һĨڵϹҪöࡣ
˵ˣܿϵҽݣ϶Ҳ϶ȱһҩġ
ȥ˵ǸƫƧһҽݣ˵ܰҩȥ
áѧͽľĹӺ󱳡ҽݵĲ٣ܵһ֣ѧ㶫
ȵʱĿ̣ʮ㣩˾ͻ𽥶͵ȥԺҩһֱŻûʱˡ
ѧͽܹ󣬿֣ϣԺΪˡ
ܹ⴫ĽŲ룬ļ˲һˡ
̧ȥֻһſޱȵݣ䴩Ŵֲ·ͷҲöдһ¡
һŵĶ˷ȴľֹ¶
ܹ룬Ǹˡ
룬ôôΡ
ûǰǸĸϾ˺ܸߣʱ󣬵ܱԴ䵽
ߣûκĿĺ롣
϶Ǹ˾ˡ
ܹȿ˿ڣգҽҩģʦںãͽ
˵裬ҽҩҩ֪ҽǷҪ
ܹһ£ҽݵҩĶÿרȥɽϲɵġ
˵ǲɢҩֻǺֲܶҩӲݣôҩ͵´ɵҩĻûõġ
ܹЩɣΪ˳ȻŲôãͨǹ˵֮
û뵽һھҩ
ܹ˵Щɣֵսʤǣ˵ҰѲҩóҿˣû𻵣ٽʦۡ
лѱ¨ٰһõҩó
ЩҩĻʮʣе滹մ¶顣
ܹһסˡ
ΪҩȻ࣬ÿһŲҩĺܺãһķãߣÿһֲҩжû˿Ӳݡ
ǻˡ顭⡭
˵ζӡ
ܹĵҺԼʱԥһ£ǰȻҩģ˼湦ģ
ЩҩҪҽݹӶ˴ĺöˣ
磬˵ĸҩÿһĻ˸붼õģ
ҴСȣȫƷ
ܹ󲻸ҵϽվֱˣ˵Եȣȥʦ
ףл㡣
һÿָúԺ߽
ϰڷŵҩģ˵ζӣ
˼ҩģſ
ĸпһεɡ
ЩҩǸ²ɵģ
ͷǡ
ȫۣ
ԡ
Լʮ˼һ£˵⣬õĴЩҩȫˡ
мۣһġЩҩƷò״ĺܺãҸʮġ
һһʮġ
Ǯл׼ߡ
ǱסԺɻᾭҩƷòÿζԸʮġ
վһԺṩҩĵƵʺ
һļϣԼÿѮĵһΪṩҩ
λΪʱţԲժе٣´׼һ㡣
ãǮѾӿտҲһʮġ
пǸʱ֪ʶ׬Ǯ·Ҳİ


12 
ϲˮ
ڹоŵϾֻǸʮҵ꣬ǳʱѾöտҲ
ǿӳԡ
ߵͷҹգ߲ӣӵ֡
ߵƽϵͣȴΪƽףΧ߰˸СӡʴˣϣۺʱֵĽ
·ھһҰӵ꣬ȭͷİӣƤڣʳ
ϰƣܸоĶ벻
ⲢкӣɣҪ԰ӣ
вɬʵϰô
ϰˬĿڡ
ڶһǮһһ
룬ôεɣԼҪǼ϶ˡ
Ͼҵĸ궼ʮˣһ͸˵׼ˣһӾڸɫ๫ء
˵Ǿڡ
ϰЦɲǼҵźڶϵ˶䡣
˶٣˵صġ
˵꣬óһͭ壬ݸϰ
ϰװ˰ӣҡҡͷ˿ǿΣ
˵ҺǸҲϣӼ޵ĺһ㣬ʳǲС
⿴úʲôãֲܵԡ
ֹһ飬ڶҲ̽
òޣŴûƯ׷ɼֶƤǴֹߦģһڶ֭ڽƤЩŶײˡڶӱóˡ
ӣȽ˾Լһӻ̡
ſڰΡҶȵȵζƷ
ϰ屾ڴ˽ֻǰȥƤ̧һ㡣
ֱʵϰ壬ҿſдѣʲôƷ֣
ϰĹͳһֽ
ȫǽֵ򵽵Ӧˣ϶С
ƹϡϡСײˡܲ硭ũæʱˣҲˣҪԹ
һѣ𿪰ֽ￴˿ûб
ϰ˵Ĳ㾡ԲģȥҪǵﲻˣ㾡Ǯ
룬Ȼ̶࣬ĵ껹ǵעڱҪȻ翪ȥ
ʵǮΣ
ǿҪ֣ﻹũæ٣Ҿ͸˵㡣һģģİʮġ
硢ܲײ˺ͻƹϣ⼸ֲ˴ѣÿ졣
ֵ֮Ҫ˶ãͿԳԼֵ߲ˡ
Ǯʱȵ֮ϵЦݣʵ𣿡
УǡУйġ
룬Ǿѿǣŵľǡ
ɣǸ˭һǵѣԻȥĸһ¡
˵ãһǣһǣҶҪ
ϰСǣĶ࣬˸Сһ
ʮĵĲѺʮĵǣһȥʮġ
Ѷ¨֮ȥ̸һ⣬һ㡣ţ⣬̺ҪĻǰԤ
һǶʮǮ
ȥֿϰڵӡ
ϰϳ˵Ҿ˵Сӵóͯۡ
΢΢ףûװ¨ϡ
ȣôţȵؼңҲ䲻ˡ
ȥʱѾʮһˡڼ̲סǽ´ŴһС죬ڴϵʱ۾ó⣬Ҳܵһʱ֪
ĽһУЩա
ʵûģһķڴգʧЮ࣬оġ
Ⱥûʱ俴ˣһźӣһָι׺
õĶڳŽʱĽŻȻ
ˡ
š
ŰӣȺţһ·ߵúܿ죬һСʱ·Сʱ
Ȼ⻹ΪӹǲУߵ˻ͣЪЪ
ЪϢĻԾ͸ӵţһˡ
Ѱӷ£ĽĻӹӣʵϹԲԣû㣿
Ľ˵ӣϾʹЦݣкӲů͡
ûңӺܹԣһֱ˯ǻŸ
ĽȻŵڶθιѾĥСӳԷĹɡ
һ׽һףٶȾȣںӳһ׵ʱιڶף³Ļᶼӡ
ӳ꣬˾ι׺ǵϵζ
Ҳų˫ſǱĲӡĽӸոջ׺Ҳ䡣
ûջ𣬶ǼȻİţվػصš
ӻǵһ ôߣ˷ˣֿ쿪ĵֺš
ӱĽģ˵ӣԵˡ
СռǿԶָָҪʼޡ
Ҫų԰ӵĽġ
Ľһ£ϵֽɬɬתǧء
ϵİ֪ģһǮһӡ
ǰȥԼõߺɰʮġʮǮ
ÿÿ·ֿڣŵζ
һζûԹ
жʱ䣬Ľĵǳһ
һǮһ˵̫ݳˣ׬Ǯòãøơ
Ǯ
ĽľõѳԼѾѹôҲû¡
ȴϣʱת¶תתķڵ
Ľסᣬȥ
ССڵĳһӣһȷôϳˣҪ
˵ԹˣĽĻټľǿ˵ҳһ͹ˡ
ǺӻصĽĻڽӡ
˵ǸȡСɡ
ϸţ߰˰ˣ˵֮ǰȡҪȻͱˡ
ȡһѹš
ǴϰߣĽҲһ ӣ֪ס
˵һûʲô顣
ĽȻᵽɤ۶˵ʲôʣӡ֮֡
˼һ£ոձ˵ӺСӣӣô
Ľģҡ
һԺҪ˵ģôܸȡ֣
һ͸оĸϻһװͰ͵ġ
˵ʲô뷨
Ļ̌˿СԵͰͣҡҡͷ˵Ҿá
Ȼǰöˣ˻η塣
Ҳ֪ʲô˵̫йԣǼǸǾͽаӣô
ĽҲֲϵոճԵʱԼҺӼֱޱȿɰˡ
ЦˣֱӰСö
׼ȥǡǺ۽ù굱죬ٿȻװߵǸ¨˲ٶ
ĽļͻȻȥͻȻĪ顣
֮ǰ˵úϢš͵͵һЩ첹Ļ
˰ɣ


13 
Ľıźӣȥɫ
˵Щ첹ĻΪ˲ãǺõģҲԼúϢΥ
ҪǷһķϣ϶飬Ҵ¡ҲΪۼҺá
ĽС֮ңүԺĸû˸ô˵
ټǸƽʱԸ˳
ͥһ˵Ӱ컹Ƿǳ޴ģԣĽҲʮֹɣϲĻ
νЩҲΪϵȽϺõĸǹ˳Щ
°һλүҪѾСͳһװⲻǶ켸Ǯӡô
۸ǰߣģҾ˻
Ľ룬ԼڴһֱŲ£ͻܹⲻȥ
ʱ춫׬ǮĲϣ·
ĽĶЩ˵лѶ
Ǻò׳ճĽĵĺӡ
ģͦˡ
к𣿡
챧
ĽĲ˼˵кҲǸ
Ѻӱ˶üһССĺ޵롣
£еͣ˶
ţôô࣡
ҲҺãȢˣһ̥ޡ
ĽԭҲܵӵԱ
磬ԺһֱʮֵᣬѾʮǳˣȴû뵽һ׺
һι˲ֹһΡ
Ȼû˵ԼϲӣΪУĽѾоʮںӵġ
Ľζû뵽ںǸ£Ժôġ
ǰԼкҲкˣϣģյĺȾơ
첻ԸԱҲʲôʲô
ɾ£ıˡ
վŵＹǵˡ
ҵС
Ľһ㰧ûУЦ˵ҲҵӰ
Ӹ񣬳һÿ
˿ЦݣͻȻ֪ôӻ
Ǽ֮ԹϵãΪڼöôãԲŻᱧţƽʱû˻˵˵
ǰ˵ʱĽĶһԲ
Ҳ֪ĽĵϾǸˣĽĸ϶á
ԣǶĽĵ̬ȣġ
ֻû뵽ĽͻȻҪˡ
ͺñһؤͻȻһ׷ӣƽʱԾ߸ϵĸؤʩᶫЩˣϲؤˡ
У˵
ΣĽĸһ𣬵һ¶Цݡ
ǳţظңȻû˵Ҷ֪Ժʱǵ͸߸ϲˡ
ЩУжҫͱӵĳɷ֣Լ¶о
ʵһʱû뵽ЩĶǷ֮׬Ǯġ
ֻôˡ
һʣĽľ񵹶һСȫˡ
ЩҽӵĻһֻɰһǮҲһǮ
Ϻ߶ҵģȫϽ
üʣһɰöã
һʱԷԷĸࡣ
һʱСʱҲ˵һ˸Сʱĸʱ㣬һԷʮɰֻ׬ʮġ
ѿĲһʮɰʮ쵽ʲôʱ򣿡
ԥһ£С˵Ҫҡ
Ҫ꺢ӣЩҲҸ̫Ͼչ˺ء
ǰûӵʱĽȥݣһֱԺһ죬Ҳ졣
ּ۸ߵĻҲǴδζУʴˣĽǰƽһֻ׬ʮġ
ЩģǾ̫
춫һһߣȫûԹ߿ôɡ
ȻѾͺӣһ˵ĸվûֱ겻Ҫֻ
ʵԵ𣿡
ĽĵͷѾɰˣҿԵġ
ˣӱ˵Ǹвˡ
ΪѾˣȻӿϢˡﲻȡ
û˵ʲôѾţȵЩ꣬ԺɲǿȴĻˡ
ĽĿûԼ˼ˡ
Ŀڣ𣿡
ţ
֮ǰ˵ڴϺúϢȴ˻㡢ĻҾͰЩȥ
ޱУѾϰ֮ǰԼȴôá
˿ѳֻڴǰҲҪ
ǰҽʱ򣬼ˣû
ů񻰵ˡ
˵ȻˣûҲҪԼ
˶٣˵ȥϲЩҪвסһѣô
ãԼǰǵҽһķԸ䡭
ҽò˸Լ·
۾¾ˣɿĵͷţ
=
緹ıȽ嵭棬ÿﶼһ
ﻹеҰˣ˺ϣý͡סΰͺͽҲһζ
ճ꣬ţˡ
˵õ壬ĸУ
룬øţѱǮˡ
ţﰵ룬ĸǰŲһˣȻѧˡ
Ҫ֪ǰڵʱǰԼƿӵ˶֪
Ȼѷɳ극˻仯󰡡
ҪǱţ֪룬桢˵˲ˣ°ͶҪˡ
հϴ˳ţĸ첲Ҫ塣
ظ첲˵𼱣Ҹ㻹Ǯ
ʲôǮǮţȵôͰѱǮ׬ˣ
Թԣ˾ǲһ˵׬Ǯ׬Ǯ
üûǷǮϰߡ
ţǰҪǮǾǼٵˣ
֮ǰֱ˿һһңҲѹӵϱûʲôɫ
ţӻͳһֽ˵ֻ֪øģǴ峤дĵӡõĽ޻ĳߵĲһ޻ʮģһ߲ģʮġ
һˣʮģǾһһġٺ򲼣Щʮġһġ
ʶ֣ⶼ峤֮ġ
ֱӰǮţٶĶũһһµˡ
ţֱӰôණȥ鲻òǡ
ȻǮȥţڴ˻塣
·Ƚһ˼ţǱߺܿͱԵֻʣ¹˶˾
һյĹţѣˡ
֪УѾΧ˲ٸũˡ
˶֪ţǸ¨ӣӰ壬ڴж֡
Ǳ㿴Цء
ϾǸݰһǴ
ϴ˵ţˣǹƾϹèӣš
û뵽ţǰ֮ûС
£˿񶼱ˡ
˺Ƕ㶫İ˵»Ҫţ
ҪǿˣǾǹүˣ
Ȼûô࣬˼ոֲ֮˳԰


14 
ʿụ̃ȼԣʴˣׯҺľǶˡ
ֻ֮ǰƮԷͷƣѧ˼Ǯ˼ҵүһǧ
ʵôǮͷƣ
궼ܳ⣬Ƿɷ춫á
ŵ´Ʋ
֤һ紾ӣҶƲҵˡ
ңҳ˵ϸĸѧϰʲô飬شҲûдְ
ö֮Ҷǰ׻Ǯʲôûѧ
Ȼһ˲˵Ƕ֪
ţ壬¶һ֣ôٿȻá϶飬ѧ˵㶫ġ
ҲôһǴ
̣ۿΧԽԽࡣ
ţ˵ҷɸ˺ӣҲó̫ã͵»塣
ţҲ뷨ıŰԱգ
Ϊһ壬û뵽Ȧڡ˸ɾ
ţ˵ҿ²㣬»ǵҼ
˿ûԥľʹӦˣɡ
ߺţϽΧȺнгһˡ
ӣ壡ֱ̫ˣ֪һȫ˵ڡ
ӿţˡ
磬ҿ²㰡
ţͳǮͭ壬ݸӡ
ͭ㣬¼֡
ⶼСǮҲˡ
ΧۼĿţǮЦ˵ţ磬Ƿ˰
ţ˵ҼһЩ죬Ǯˡ
Χ۵Ĵǣô
ﶼǵزˣĶôǮ
ţҲΧ۵ô룬п˵˾ȥϵ鷻飬ޱˡǿɶ޻Ľıأ
ׯҺøһũæС󣬲׬ЩǮ
мĽҼұȥޱȥҴ峤Ǯ
۴峤Ǯֻһ۵ӣֱӾͰǮˡҪ˵Ǹ˵Ļ治Ƕϡ
ȻţҪСܿ׬Ǯ֮ǰôôζҲҴҪʳ
⻰ȷʵе
ţһһ˵ǲ˼֮ǰ׬ô
꺢Ӳܶһӣųȥ׬ЩǮ
ޡ޷
ţձȲ̬á˭Ӯͷ˭
ţĻˣӡһĹۡ
Ĺ۾ĵʲôزԼҲ˵塣
ֻеӴ֮ĹǲŻʵ
=
ţؼңǮӽϱ
Ϊˣֻ׬Ǯ͹Ǯϱġ
ϱһôͰǮˣ
һӡӣõҲõȸʮ²õǮ
ţе㲻ϱ̬ȣǿɲ컹ߥҴȥҴ峤ŵӡ
Ҫ˵ϾǸˣĻ᲻أ
ϱǮӷŽڵСҲԼ˼ƽ
ǮͺãҲ˵ãֵôණҲ˲ǣ
Ǯٶô죬Ǹʵˡ
һ˵Ǹǰһˡ
Ҳˡ
=
ؼҵʱ򣬰˯㡣
Լľ·ڱȻߴ硣
û˵ÿոԼ·ҲֻǲЩɰĻ
ϾǸвסˣҵɵ
˵ףкǿռģͨˣѾͺӻΪ˵ķ롣
ԡϣĶóȥǮ
ĽֻͷͶһ޴ӰûüӦе·ͱˡ
ʵôͼƻŸ·ˣ
ĽͻȻˣȻѾйܵļ֮ס
ʱӣҲѺӱϵ
׵ƽʱ˵ǼûУÿҲֱӽȥû˿´棬ֱдŲм
Ľ·ϸıȶԳߴ磬ͷһء
ɲɣˡ
˵Щ·еСˣž·ȳߴ磬ҲòֱС
Ҳʮ꣬ǳʱ򣬼ȻҪ·ǻֱڵļ۳ȳȽϺá
ĽĹɵĴӦˡ
ũµ磬ͷɹ˲֪ϦϦ
Ժп˴Щ
Գţ̫ˣüǿ
·㿴⣬Ҳһۿȥͼ߹ǡ
ʮ˸Գţе֧Ųס
ҧʮ
ЪϢӣ
ϱӾǸ뽡ˣֻҪǼӰ࣬ÿȥһСʱСʱ
ϱļƯپͣƤ͵Ĵ⡣
꣬ˮ˸衣
ͷûǻңӴŲһˣװιι
ҵĲݱӶ࣬һ̫ʱ䣬ͳͳҪˡ

㶣ԹԵĸ˵˵طԭڳİ档
˵ȥǼҵصĲݸˣ컹ٲѻԺۼҵֲ˳ԡ
ŴŮķֹĺȷ˵ϴ첹Ů˺͸Ļƣֵظؿ˵Ļ
ǰĽĿȥϴ·ŵû겻ᡣ
˵ԼҪȥݣĽıȿϴ·Ҫš
죬ȴ֪ô˵
룬Сĵ뷨дϡ
ʵҪ˵Լȥݣֻ
ҵķɣֱԼһû̵ĺӺ塣
ȻûͷҲûҡͷ˫۾ȷȷ˼
Ľĸռ޽ʱţҲĸףôҪġ
ǼǸˣũ˫־дֵģԺЩȫˣ֪𣿡
ĽĲʮ꣬ҵ䣬һʮָմˮ֮ӣʼѧũźˡ
ڣѾˡ
ԴЦ˵ũܹ˸˰ɣԺҲϴ·顣
ͱ¨ţûѾ֪У档
ĽڱĿš
ԴӰ󣬴û˶ôˡ
ϱһЩũϾҽѧѧϰʱȥɽ̡֧
˻ũ
ӴӾʱѧġ
ĵﶼǰȥˣ˿٣Դ峤ֻĶء
Ͼضࡢ˿ڶ࣬ÿҪ˰Ҳࡣ
ũû˸ɵĻؾͻķ
ԭԴ峤ջҵĵغܲ⣬ڵ;һǵľ
ܹˣĶ㹻ˡ
ȻǰũĻЩׯҺġ
٣ʱĲݣõñѶĶظƽķ֮һ
ׯҺԭλŵġүôݡ
Ͼʱӵ֣ǽ޳ƤСӵֻҪÿ
ȷȷʵʵ˵֡
Ƕû뵽˫֣Ҳôĸɾ
Ȼе㲻һ磬Χ˶ĶԽԽݵٶҲԽԽ졣
ڵʱŴһߡ
Щżˣٶг޵Ĳһˡ


15 
ȻѾ¶ᣬȻΧ˴
ϺһħǾֻҪһ̸ܿһ塣
ȻʵûκħԪڡ
̵⡣
߽ԺӣͿһƵ͵ڴ߾ȼա
ų׵ʶǸûֻûеԡû硢ûе硣
ֻʣݡ͵ơֽĴһȴԼؼҵķɡ
ȫȻİˣȴڶ̶һദУϵο塣
һִҽڹŴȻһҡ
ˮϴڳǽϵȴɡ
ӣְϴɾŽݡ
ĽʵܵϾݿɵ
ǰûЩô
һԼĶأ
Ҫʵڲ㣬Ľȥ
ֻҪ֪иľ㹻ˡеĿۻ
ԺӺĽľͽĵݡ
ǽŲҺֹյ˳ˮĽȻżҲûг
ȵݣĽļȲס֡
ڻƵ͵£ϸĿš
˼̳ˮݻڣ˲ˡ
Щ˿ĽҲйǰҲǸʮָմˮСү
޸ҪѧŸӡ
һθӣҲ˺ֻۣǱâƵ˿ڣƴʹĥˮݡ
ĽԼű֣ḧϵˮݺ;㱻ˮϴ˻ܿѪ˿˿ڡ
ڣ˿ڸĽĵ˿ں񣬵ûĽġ
ֻҪ㡢Ŭĸɻ
һδεĻˡѪʹ֮ĽĸӣѾᱻâˣ˿ڶ˼ӣԼ
Ҳ˵ţ֡
ĽĶԴ˺ԹԣѾϰˡ
ϵۣοС˿ڣһ˯ͺˡ
ҽսҽԺʵϰǻҲżᱻơöˣɡ
ÿһжÿһеѴûйЩСĲ
Ľ컰٣Ϊǰݡ

Լ˵·˵ήԼĸһ
֮ǰ˵϶õͷҡͷش
ֻش˵ģŻſϸ˵
֮ǰԼµĹأ˵С˿Ҳô⣬ܼˮ
˵˵žͣЩ˿ڿ϶òˣȰѵĻһźòã´һ
֣˳˹ıӣЦûô󣬶ׯҺĺӣǰûҵĲǣЩҵѧˡ
ֻñǼӴ飬֪ڼӦʲôԭ
̬ºͣʵüĿ֮ǰı壬ֻʣǹ
ܿͰĻ˵ǰ˵Тʮ߸º󣬲μӿƾ١
ѹ£ȵ£Тھ¿ͯԵʱ䡣
ϰ֣飬Ҳиμӹƾ١
Կƾٵ̻Ϥ˵Ҳ

ѵһ׬ǮҵĹ𣿻ҪϿƾٸ
ԴɻɫСʣѵˣ
û˵ϰѡ
Ļ֪ôһ¡
һѣҲ뵽Լ˽̸ʱǳԼǡ治Ƕˡʥ˾ǲһ
֮ǰû£ϾⶼǱ˿׵Ļǰ˼ҺҲѧϰð
ޱ룬ŴѾӵ˶˿䣬رʵǵĿ䡣
˵Ƕˣ͸ʶԼȥƾ١
ԴǰȾƺȶƬˣӻġ
겻˵ǶˣЩӲȥϰΣҼ´ˣȥݡ
ԭôһȦΪ˵ݵ顣
ӦԼ˫ԱСһȦ֣ĺָļӡ
ҵֲâƵġ
رѣ̫С㶼ղȫ鲵ء
ֵס
ղȫֱһȦӸݰ
ĽԸ񵽵͹ɣȻһԼܾˣҲԹԵڱ
ɵȡõ
ŰϼûǺǣֻС۽š
룬겻ϲԣֻⶫȽϹԼóԡ
ȥһĺɰһǣζԴһζϲġ
ԼְµһװֱӷڲϿʱʱ档
ʳ
ѾѽճˣǲԣԸ⻹⣬ⶼǸԵġ
ԼĻܽܵʳţ⡢⡢ȡ֬ߣ˲ܶԡ
ֻϧţףҲֻܿˮ󵰺ͼ䵰ʡ
׺ˮ˽ݡ
ӷС׺ԡ
ԼسһŰˮ󵰡
Űţϻؼңϱ˵ȥˣҲû룬ֱӾҵˡ
ڲžԼմ׵ĺˡ
ſں˼ȥš
Ҳֻ֪һݣ϶ЪϢһвý롣
Ҳȥ˳
һȥӾˣǱ˰˵ˡ
㡢ͳ
֮ǰ˰ߣʱ򣬼ҼһҲա
ʴȣ˰ׯҺѾþòʳˡ
ɫ̩Ȼ˿ûб˷ֵǺѿ
˵ʱֻôԡ
һҩǮͿȥһЩţ⣬߷ֿֿԣȻͷץ
⻰ӶͳˡֻԵ
ָһߵ㣬˵ⲻûȥҼá
һ廨ӣ˵Ӹһֱչң͵Ҹл
棬Ҳܰãҽҩ׬ǮˣٽӸĽӼãȻˡ
æ˵Ҫڴ㾭ȽϺõˣԼţһ춼׬ʮء
˵ϱһЩ߻׬Ǯһ㰲
˵ǰǸˣ˲ٴ£лӸһֱæлһҪա
ȻܱԺкġ
ֻ£˵ĺһ㶼ûǡ
䲻ô໥ô⣬ݾˡ
ļ죬ӿ緹ԶҪˮ󵰣ӾҪקȥҳԷˡ
ֲĳԲ棬ôŰԼģ
ʳмӻǲסĸп
ڿǻˣĺö˺Ӻͷɣ



16 
Ϊˣ˺ô֪ӵ˿շҪһȥݡ
ԭƻĲݣ͸ˡ
ӻ˵Ǵ岻ǶǴںΣᱻεĴ
̲ͺܶģЩÿι
˾ȥ̲һ£ݵĻĶصĲݾ˰ɡ
֪аϻ֣ڴӡ⡯ǴգǾͽҴ塣
Ҳаյ򻮷ֵģĴӣˮȥγһ̲̲ˮأͽ̲塣
ڵӣգ
ݵ֣ӦýϺӴ塣
Ƕʮǰ￼ȥһˣţֺ㡣峤˴ֽС塯
ʮǴӳ˸ˣһӵ
˵ĺеɽҩ׬ǮȻ࣬ЩҲǺ¡
ݵĵڶ죬Ͱָ·̲ȥ
Ȼ£仹ûôȣʯӶ̳ɵС·˲ࡣ
ȸߴߴò֡
ڸũûۣǵɫĴ̴ֲ򣬳ȿסƨɣò
·ʱȫⲼĽ
ҪǰˣˣǾֱ̻¶û
Ȼ̴ֶѾ˺ü죬ԴڶɽҩûԼĳˡ
һ·ֲθС
ֲ˺ü飬궼ȥˡ
ڴߣϸİɷ򴩺·˫ɵĲĲ
괹ѻӳޱͻݡ
¨ҳɫĲ˫ַɿĴһӣҲԵʮָɾ䡣
һȫ¾ͱʰ롣
Դм𣬵һαźŴ¡
һ棬·һ¡
Ȼϰߣȴ񱻼èצӰӣʹȴ鵽ĵס
·ϣԼ˫֡
ôѸ٣ô·󲻺ã
ҲûϾãʱߵ̲塣
һλϴүſڶŷԷ
ǰ˹֣үӺá
ϴү¶ЦݣʵҪ
ЦҲݡ
¨װЩݣΪľǸҪͬ⣬ǾͶۡ
ϴүҲգ˵ʱ׼ʱˣڼҼһڸӣʱݣȥڵڶʣǼȥɽι
лϴүȥ˴ڵڶҡ
Ŵ紾ӣΧ˶ơ
Ǽ˹Ȼȴݣ⣬۾ˡ
ٿ¨ġƷ˵һʮģô
룬ţһʮģԼݣʮҲ
⻹˹Ҳö
˵ãͰ˵
ǼΪףԼҴ峤дӣΪľûΥԼ
峤кüҪд峤˵ǵи󵽣ҪôҰǰд꣬ҪôԼдãҹĿ֮ȥס
Ǽ˴ȥЪϢһµһȡ
Ѿ˿ڣֽж𣿡
ʣҧ峤̧ͷȻׯҺ·ȴֽȻͬʡ
峤öӸֽʡ
Ҳƴǣֱд
Դ˵Ҫƾ٣ЩôԭһЩ
ȻһЩСƬΣѾ֪йŴ𲻴
ԭǲѧһëָûʮһСͯдúá
ҽʱҽſΣѧУΪ˻һëֵѡ޿Ρ
ԹŴĻͦȤȥжһ
ֱó׳ˡ
ë֣󶼴Ŀ𡣿ַΪ壬ϲľӲϰҲ֡
Ӳͨ񡯣˵ľ塣
Լ˵õļ۸дһŵӡ
峤Ŀȷ󣬰ѵӻ
Լȴվ˹֣²ţԶȴ֪ӭ
ҲϽ֣Сӵֻѧһʱ䡣
δμӿƾ٣
δ
ʱμӣ
¡
ơ
Ӵ峤ҳֻԴκġ
峤˵ЩԴﶼùոܷӦҲ֪Ҳ峤һǸˡ
Ҫμʲôƾ١˾ͿԵү
峤̬ȶ˺ˣҲϽԼҵļӳȥ˺塣
һװݣеݶ˵
ȥԼҪӳϵĥˡ
ʮҲ׬
ȥϴ裬ʣǮ
룺һʮģҩģʮģݣ
֧ʮģ⣩ʮģѺǹģӣģ죩ʮģһ׺棬Ӽģ
ֻʣʮġ
ûݷӡ·һ֧
ҲڼԺȶɺͺ
ֻҪһҩģһ߸ϰµͯԡ
׬ǮҲܽҩģķӡ
ļ＾÷һɽϡ
ҩ׬Ǯ߾Ͷˡ
˵Ŵɽֲ࣬ʯ·һʲô£ɺͺӿô졣
ҲûѼǮ꣬Լ׬ǮĹ̴µ˵˵ǮڴڲһСٰӸϡ
ǸƬ棬꾭Ǯĵط
Դ㱻ԭ֪ˣǮϾǷŶ١ٶ١
ְǮ˵ԺۼҵǮʹ´Ե죬á
ʮģ׬죬һñ֤ܻһǮ
ûгһգ׬ôǮԼǮĵط
˵ۼҵǮ㻨
ͻȻ䣬ʼδʱ걧š
ûôܹһ˲ĴͣǽӲģֶ֪
ֱоԼЩʪ
꣬ǿˣ
ļϣĽӴ˳ķ˿ȵ¡
˺þãŴе㲻˼Ǹɾˮأ⼸Լûϴ裬ָζ
ôһ룬ˡ
ôãõԼ
Ȼ˵㡭ǲе㡭͡
Բ˿һڵҽ˵֡
Ҫˣ϶ζҪˣ
ίڴߣƫԴûп꣬˾޴˵ز𣿡
һеίɢ
Ŵͣ㵵˵
ﰵԼޡ
껹СأʮˣǸӡ


17 
Դ֮ǰ˵Ҳвʱ򣬾
ǰȹһ㣬̹ڸ顣
ȹԼҲǸֻʹˣѧ˵գϡִиӣһ㶼
ɲɣĽ죬ȹȥڴˡ
ҪǡûָҪһʬ
ȹ֪ɸ˺ӡ
ҲӣЦأ˵ע
ǿ׳棬Ȳˡ
ιչ˺ӷ棬ҲȲŮˡ
԰Ǹӵԭ򡣡
üŮǸȫˣǾͲӦóΪԱ˭˭
ʱλͣ͸ǰʱյĹŴŮλͣԭǹͨġ
ȹ㣬Ҳں̬ȣΪϸ
ҾͲض˵ũȲˣҶ֪
ڲ棬ȻԻӣǵزȴûпԴ֭ĵط͵ǲܳӲ顣
ʵ˵֭ܲ飿
룬ԭ˵ˣͲôġ
Ͼ֮ǰʱŮ˲鲻Ҳܶಡʹкܶຢӳ˻϶̣ҧĸƤ
ȹҡҡͷҲܴ֭ǲУ
أ
ȹ˵Ϊԭ֭Ͳô棬һ֭ҪϽúˡҪȻ·Ūࡣ
ʱ·Ū಻
Ҷľ飬֭ά꺢Ӻһ£֮͵̻߸ˡ
ЩǲıһЩ确᲻ۡҪʲôӡȹ˰Σһֺһʶ˵Щ˵һ顣
õԼҪд𰸣лתؼҡ
ȹıӰûֹС˰
ʵЩ⣬ֻиļ˲Żע⵽зֻںܲܳԱ·᲻ᱻŪ࣬һŲܡ
걧ԼޣΪǱۿ޵ģ˴ǰǾ仰
֮;Լ˵ˡ
ôʹʱ򣬶û޵ôףزʹӦòڱʹ
һ£Ȼҡҡͷ
Ҳǵһӣǰڼʱ򣬻Ȱ̸Щ鸮ͼ
˵ڼ޸֮ǰ걾ǰֽһţʲô
һȹ˵һʱܻ᲻ˣ͸ҡ
ȻɬǹɵӦˡ
ɴͬߣ˯м䡣
һʱ䣬Ȼأ˯ҲΪ˯ʱ࣬ҲıȽ硣
ʱож۾ԭѾСι׺ˡ
źӵĶЩԽӲͺһֱֻʹʲôһ
˵źӰɡ
ǰǰ˵ˡ
üʵô˯
ϴ˶еɬ⣬Űӵʱһ޵峺
˵˯ˣָĺܿ죬ҾͲôһֱˡ
Ҳû˵ʲôһӣһιܿСӾͳԱڰ¶Ц
Ĵϣûзκ߹
ȴۼķ֣Ҽ紦ˡ
˺ü飬Ź˵ļ򡭡
Ц˵û£еףͺá
û˵ӳģǻӵľݶԼϣġ
û˵ҲҶʡ
ǵʰͻͷѾǽڵ·
Ѿǲ죬˵´ˡ
ûţԱ߿ŲŲӦһϣ֪ʻʲôԭǲ⣬°Ҳġ
˫ȱֱ˳ȫһ꺢ӵˡ
緹ԼȥɽҩǸԼõӡ
ϴؾͲӴ·ˡ
ɽʱ磬ɵҩҲ࣬Լߵһ㣬ܿĲҩ
Щװ¨ԼԺһһࡣ
ǰкڹǵúȡ
⻰Ҵ´ߵűߣʵأ
˵ϳӣÑݼ
ЩҶûȥϿΣӦǸ
룬ϴ֣ݻһۡ
Խϴ·Ҳԭõóֵһ·ˡ
겻͹ڴԵñСһȦȴȻǽڷ޳ָϵ·ӡ
߸ֶƶ
ȵ·Żع
վһ˫˵֣ŮһС޹ǡ
ܸоﲻԾͷҵȴ˫ĸƽ
˵ҿЩɰˣԺЩɺã
ֵ쳣˳ţҸ·
ߵſˣȴΪ仰áֻȥ
¶ɴ㵵ɫõıű¨ˡ
õʱСܹ󱳡˺ۡͷ衷Ľʾ֭ûעѾˡ
̫,Ӳζ
ЦŽӵʵ޺ͷ,񺮡
ܹ󣺡ԶԶԣ䣡ˣȥʦ
˵ͷˡ
鷳鷳ϴβɵҩ㣬ʣʦ߶ء
Сܹȥ󣬲һƿˡ
ɵҩ࣬ʮġ
ܹ˵ֻҩֻᱳͷ裬᲻
˵ͨһ
۾һ̸һ
ȥֱԲ˵֪ǰҽ飿
ҡͷҲϱӵˡ壬ʲôûС
ҽ鶼ҽ棬ҽĲó
̾˿ûԼˣӱͲΧҲֻа˸Сӡ
ҽݾͲˣϵҽôúһٲãֻһ
м°
õϰжֱӲɡ
ҵҲǲͶҽ
ɫе뷨Բ³һ㡣
ʵҴ򣿡
˵ͷ˵ǰӻС̫ˡ
ԼﲻæȻʶҩҽ鼮β⻹Ѷȵġ
ߣҽɻûѧɾͰŪ׳
ʮģʮǳںķá
ź󣬰ռ·ߣȳӻȥ
ʱÑľͼЩûȥϿΣȻúúǸ
룬ҺԼԭһЩƬΣҪȻֱһĨڵĳѰ졣


18 
֮ǰݵһλţԶ
Զڣʮ֮꣩ͨԡԺԺԣڿȡŹ
֮μӹԣɽĥ˶־˼ǾˣԳΪš
ļԭ̲壬Źͬ˾͸һլԺƽʱ˽̱ĺɡ
⣬ԶΧӵѧ
ϾֲƣԶҲܷ¶ޣӵѧǾ͵ҪÑˡ
ʮϣ֣լԺȥ
ƽʱϿξǰԺƫѧܹҲʮҲԵþ
·ӵʱذӡ
ϰﻹǵεĺҲû˵ʲô͸ðӡ
ýϰڹеŮӣպÿĲ
Ů˵˺졣
ϵûùŮ͸ŲŲĹأϰŮ;ǰӡ
ϰ˵ˣϴμӣҲ죬ӦΧġ
Ůû˼һ¡
Ҿ벻ʲôʱˡ
֪ԭǰͱӵϰˡ
Ѹٳӵӣռ·ߣߵӵסլ䣬ͿһΪϤլԺ
ǰš
Ĵӳš
С꣬СĳۣԲԲϲ
֮ɷнµѯʣżң˭Ѱ˺£
ͷС˵ô秵ġ
ӺյԼԶѧСȻǵ
ĵӣǰʱ٣صǰ١
С꣬˾䡮Եȣȥȥͻءܻȥˡ
ֵޣͬżٻȥˣҲ˿ա
֣üǰĸ׹һĻǷ²豭˵н
լԺģŽ߼Ӱڡ
СԱߵĴŽ룬ߵĳȣߵͷҹգ͵á
ĺӺܶòȥҲ÷ԸԼԶˡ
ѱ¨⣬ĵÑ롣
Ҿͬʱ˵ѧݼ
̬ȶɫ˺ܶࡣ
ȰѶ£Լ棬ʵǰ٣˵˳
ԭΪӿļ١
ȻںɣȴԴ˵ӿΣʵƷбӡ
ϴЦݣ˳˸Ҳƽ
ӻͷҾͲٶ߶
Ѿǵ׵ˣӦ伱꣬һѧȡҲùҫ桢ޱӡ
ȻӦ¡
ʣµͯԣҪμӣ㶼ТѾá
ѧһ㶼ʮμӵһԣΪȡֻΪ˸աϤ
Ϊһһе׼
ǰʽԵģ
˵ҵѧʣȥμӿ𣿡
˵˿ί񣺡һεȻϣ˵ȥϤ
˵Լһ¡
ϾǳˣСӺúܶ࣬ͷ׶̹һ㷢ܵѧϰŻеİɡ
뷨ȰвɺøԶ
ͯԷΪһԾҪƣ׼ѶȺܴ󡣡
˶٣˵ϽģԱֽʣġ顷徭ȥȥӱС
ھ±Щ飬Ҿǰ˹ġۡ۵дģʽ
ϽվٴҾл
̬ȣηηĲɵ״̬ȫһ
ͺͻȻһ
ΪŬڷܵѧȻˮ
ۿžҪ緹ʱ䣬Ҳֽˡ
=
ҲԣͬһŮˡ
κҡ
ԷʱӿģЩȡ
˵ݼ㣬һ£ôͻȻ񣿡
˶٣֪ӦԷġ
Ȼ࣬ҲͨׯҺ׬ˡ
룬ԼʲôãǶư֮￴̫ء
öÑУء
Զ˵ްѡ顷徭˻ȥУտԷ
ӣֻ˵˵
ɷǸţȴľګ
ҲãһһۣһӶʲô۶ӡ
=
Ϲңȶһֽʵļ۸
֮ǰдϰõãǩֵʱһ¸ֱʡ
һԽһжصǰ
ѡ˵ëëʣԭ֮ǰֽʣƺˡ
ʲôƲˣϱҲֻû뵽ԭȻҲһλ
ڳõֽһġ
ΪīȣԺűУ֣ǾͱȽϺķֽ˵ëֽ
ɣֽһһӣ㡣ĿҶֻֽҪһëֽһʮġ
һ֧ëʺһīΣ
ҿСȻŶ˵ĳۣΪϴĴ࣬ɫѾЩȥ
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Ҳһ㣬ųӣһԺɻڴˣҵ϶û⣡
ôҲֻ׬Ĳˡ
ҶֽҪԭӣֽű⻬ûֽī㣬Ҫһʱ䡣
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ëʺīŽ
ϰ껹ڵﻹЩ嶼УɿҪ
ȥ
Ȼϱѧ壬Ⱳӻ˹Ŵ뵥ֻѧһ塣
Ѿǿƾдµ塣
ΪԳÿһλд塣
ҪԼĴһڿӱȻһζġģ¡
˼ţȵʮ󣬿Լ֮дԼط塣
磬ʱʢеĹݸ塣
ѾѮ¾͸ÿԣҲֻܴġ𲽡
ֻϣڿǰԼдֿ롣
ٺ˾飬롢ɾҪġ
ΪżǾͱĩˡ
ǿƾٿԣ鷨
ʲʲôԿһ鷨ţĿұ١
Ժжʱ䣬ȥúõϰ֡
츳ڷ
ôһһֻȥʮġ
ҪĻЩ룬߲˿Ը
ѾڻָڣʳԲô嵭ˣ廨⡣
ҽֿڵϲȥ
ʱ۾ģһ㡣
ϰ￴ͦıӰϤİ
˵Ըоͦİô벻˭أ
ͻȻ䣬ϰŮˡ
ǸرϲСƹȾƵǸˣͦûˡ
˶࣬ûô죬˭Ҳ֪˭ĸš
ʴˣǵҲû֪
࣬Ǿ⿴ˣŻһ¡
ôһѣϰԸҲˡ
˵˳õͦ񣬵ܸо˸һ


19 
ϳһ£ϰҲԴ˹
ܹǲʶˣαںһ˾ʲôŴֻúһӱ˳
˵ˣϰûֿܣԼϴˡ
뵽е⣬ִߺӿڵӡ
չʱͷɹҸЪЪߡ
ʵĲ¼ķɺͺӣ˾ҸЪһȻٴ̡
ôͣͣһһʱҲСʱ
ҵʱʱĵ㣩չԺǵ²󣬳Ʈ׺㡣
ѱ¨£žü˳
Ǹ߹壬˼ӳٱ¨ĸоҪʵѪģ
վڳ峺ʵԲԼĹػ
֣
ûϰ·ѾԲ÷ǽƽȵߵǰ
귴ӦϾͱһůĶ
һϵ
Ƥڶ֭࣬ź࣬Ǻóԡ
Ҫ߰ͷֹԴ˵ȥԣʰ
ȴһ׺һȻſϽݡ
˯ʱ򻹴ݣ˸Ρ
һһڵҧѱ¨ҶֽëֽóڴβǷĹϡ
ҶֽëֽȽϱˣǺѧƽд۱رġ
Ľǰ鹫ӵʱȻܳ裬ϰֻõĶϺõֽ
룬ôõһˣö׬ЩǮֽ
֪ģжںã˵ǼҸ˴һˡ
ʱͷڴߣֻ͵ơ
һӣһ
Ц˵ҳԹˣԹ԰Ѱӳˣȥʴ˴򰸼顣
˶٣˵⡣
⣬ȻֱӾһڿˮֻĲ£Ϊ
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һм˶ЩľգũæУӡ
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Ҳ֮ǰţʱ֪λϴү
ǰȥݷõʱϴүԺϵ̣һﱵһһģӡ
Ƶ۾ϸĵš
վԭأ壬š
ϴү˵ǶСӣͿˡ
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˹֣˶֪һĹܺãҲ͵ٽ
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Сµĺã˱廹áԳƵ൱ߵˡ
˵֮ǰǸԹȻšˣʲô£
Ű˵
ȱһ߳߿߶߰롣֪壬ʱ𣿡
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ôʱİ϶ܿ
ΪŴëдֽ֣󲿷ĳߣҲһʮ׳ʮ׿
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룬ҪϾ뿼ֻͯʣ°˸²ʱˡ
ΧСʱһ¡
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˵аЩľϣ׹ģø͹ȥ
Ͻл˼Ǯ顣
Ӱڰ֣һӵģҾ͸ʵʵ˵ˡľ֮ǰһʣġ
һ׹⣬һ汾Ҫ̵ģһûãԻһľ塣
ľϰҲûãĸ㡣
ʣµģҰʮľС
ȸһ붨𣬶Ǯֳȥʮġ
ŵʱ򣬲пǼܷǮ¡
Ñѣʮĵ⣬ëֽҶֽëʺīһʮģߴһǰʮġ
㣬׬ʮģֻʣʮġ
ջǮİӣʣûʮĶֻʣʮˡ
æЩصҵʱ⣬۵ĳ
֪ʲôϽŶ롣
ĿɢңźǰһʧĿ
վԭûװԼ򶨡
ʵѾ֪ɵȥˡ
Ϸɿĸֳߺ죬ѺӱԼ£·һ뿪Ϳޡ
ֻƹˤԼ⸱ģ˸顣
һƫԴȥ
Ϊ㲻
Ѿ֪ηӦӲҲ֪Լشʲô
ûԼҪæĵطתӣˮ裬˳ϴͷ
ιúӳѾѴŹȿǵˮͼȡ
Щлΰ棬ٴν衣
ĻˢһͣҨһȵĽڹס
ܿ죬ͱգټϹ屻յḶ́һƵѸٳ͡
֮ǰѸٷ棬һһӾˡ
һĸӣùûȥ廨гϸ״˿һ
˻ڲ겻ڵʱ⣬ҲҺ˿ζûƮȥԶ
ҪȻСŵǲҪֳԵء
Ȼ򵥣Լ޹ûմ˵Ѿޱζ
ټղش򵥵ĲҲʮֺóԡ
һӺĵĿۡ
˵һֱչ˺ӣԵ㡣
⼸ԼĶݻ߲ҩιӵ鶼
겻֪뵽ʲôɫһ죬ԴȥѼ쵽Աߵצջȥˡ

ǱιԵġ
һ𾪣ȫû뵽չز
£еɬʧ
ĵ׶Ȼ𰢵ȥǰ˵Ļģǿˡ
һҪסԺǷˣǧѳǡ㲻ãҲ÷Ѿ˼ϲӣѺƽƽ֪𣿡
Ľ룬ոǵɬѳ
û
꿴ٺɫϦĲգͻȻ˵ҽĽġ
ǰһֱûʹҵ֣ҲҸ㽲
˵˶٣ƺʲô£ɫЩҰס
ڵǸҵĴӦġ
Ҳ΢΢һЩ𽥻ԭһЩƬΣվ顣
֪֣һֱûгԺ
Ϊ˾
û࡭Ȼԭ궼ûʹ֡
룬Ŭ˵ģҪѳ
ڷ˺õ£ȥֺ÷
ϲԼ֣ԼϲĶ
˵仰㷲ĵţȴһֱûзӦ
Ľޣµǵð
ӲŬİȥֻһĨ糺β
ʱ걻һô㣬ȴ㹻ůĻӵס
ͷСġ


20 
Ϊëֽߵĳߴ磬ĳߵҶֽҪСһȦ
ﴲŵĴϵǿԷŵ¡
ж֮ȻȻԿӦȴŲ˵ֽҪѴϵĶʰȥ
˵ģˡ
СġվеŮȨһ£ġ
걳棬˵ЩʱõԼˣ»ŷ㡣
Щƿƿ޹ޣȻƾɣȴܸɾǰЩ
Դ˱Ƚ⣬ҽ˻ٶЩ񱡣
Ͼ˽Ӵע
մԽһ죬ȥԼϴ·մŻ·ܼԻȥϴҪ
Ľһ;ЩܿͰѶߣֲ鴢
ӳ£ʱëСһֳܡ
תͷʱģЦ̹̹ԣʰˡ
ëֽëʷȥע⵽Ǹߵ¨ѾǷõĺɰˡ
룬굱ʱԼߣڲŹ죬ͰеĶˡ
ǡۡ
ʰӣ˫ȶڲ
״üɷ˵ذڴߣԼȥȥЬࡣ
һɤ۶ֻʣ³
ְ˵տµ·ʱѾڿʼҹڴϣ
ˣֻ䣬ŻԹԵģһָһ
ҪȻûСҸϢˡ仰
Ȼ˵仰͹ԹԵš
ֻûȥƫԴ˯С
Ѿ˶ʮ̡
̲ʱ򣬾͵ùš
=
ڴϰĥī׼ϰһ¡
ԺԭϰֵƬΣԭĳҲѹϵ˵˴ͯԿ϶ˡ
ˣһ˵档
ͯԲҪдĶзǣҲܲĿ
ҺǰϰֵĵڣϰȴͷѧҪֲ١
дһ;ûκνݾдд
һϵʱ䣬ϰ򵥵ʡʡձʣϰëֽ
˫дġ
ȻЩǻϰΪһӽʮˣֻ֪дûдֲֲֿʧǡ
һֽʮģҪ¿๦ѧϰһٵдʮֽ
һֽһţŹ졣
ôһ㣬ĺǮ
Ŵܳͷصĺѧӣһס
֣˦˦첲ϴѾ˯ˡ
ú͵ƣһ±䰵ֻд͸¹⡣
ڴУܿҲ˯⡣
ôһǵˣû֣ԼѾԽԽӦ硢ʱ
=
ڶһ磬ι׺ϴȥ
ȵӳԱֿʼ˯ĽҲ˵緹׼ˡ
ŴͨũԵ׺棬ִ
ˮǶûȥ٣СĿƤҲռ˲λãŴûִȽĿƼ˹ЩũƤҲѲɾ
ղʱյλٰһҰˣҲʳ󿪡
ָı¨װ鿾õˮ󵰡
ûʱӱͷҪȻĻʳԸʢһ㡣
ЦĿֻϣͻ¿Σ׼ôࡣ
ͨȫߣҲѾˡ
˵˵ģ⣬һ
괽𣬾ǳǳ
䡮һžԼˡ
¨װʮҶֽëʺīˡ
ֻڳٹ߳ʦʱÑ񣬴˺ȥҪÿζ
ûȥڶӣǾֱߵ
СӸ˴ţӦǰԸֱӴȥ鷿
Щҵģﳭ
˵Ҫ׼ͯԣϿξͿȻ㳭Щ飬һ˵ء
ӦˣǺĳȥ˳㻹š
룬ҺѧĿ죬ԭ־̿Σûʲôϵõˡ
ҪȻԼͬ浣Լ©š
Ϊ磬峿·죬Ҳߵÿ죬ʱŵ㣩㣬ʱ顣
Ҷֽ⻬īɫȸߣΨһȱջ
дһţƽڵþãֲܱ֤ᱻһͻ
鷿ƽʱѧƫͬһߣʱչƫǱߴʵĶ
Щһһֱ棬֪Ķˡ
ֽȸУ͵ҡֵأʱû˶࣬Ǿ͵øӵŬС
ȿţͿ⽻︳ԼλڴҲùܶࡣ
ܼܲˡԪʿѶȺܴ
ԽϿԽһ˶ʱİաһԽߣﻹӦûȨᡣ
ûжԵ·ĵ硣
ԼԽ濼еһ죬˵Լ̬ȱ˲ǾҪ¡
ң̫о˺󻹵뾩μӻԣܲܰѷɺͺӶڴӣĲ¡
֪Уͳһֽڵϣʼڶš
ĳߵҶֽдƫСʱųš
鷿ʱ򣬵Ѿ飬ܿǰŵֻܺܺõĿƴСȡ
д棬һɾִʼ£ԶԽԽ⡣
ȵһţ׼ɵʱ򣬲ſԶվԼ
ϽҾ
Զ˵дĴг
˵ʮá
漴ĶˣЩճ꡶ʥ͹ѵ
Զ뵽ԼĳǺӵܣʣũɣʳһ£
壬ڳ֮ȥ
Ḷ́һֲǿǡ
룬ҺԼͨʮ꣬Ϊҽѧѧ걳ѭʽͣϰڳͬʱⲢС
ȻѶȣҲѲĶ˼Ǻţʡ
ԶȽʵʣܿͻش
Զ¶ͣƣ
֮Զѡʥ͹ѵҪּһ飬ȥ꣬Ĭд
ȻѾ׼ǾͷƤ顣
ƾ˵Ϳģ
ŬһӶ뿼ϡ
Զ¨һʱϧţҪ
ȴˣɺͺӻڼѧġ
ȵؼңĵ
ʵѼꤣ·ϳͼȥ⡣
ϻش˻٣ˣҲк
ôֳ
ϴŷɺȥҼҳԷ
ûҸոճԼ


21 
֪Ҳֻǿһ£ҪϼҴȥԷ˾ҪԲˡ
Ȼ׼۱ˣһֻҪġ
һףֻʮʮǧ˶һ㡣
ֻһ˳ʮҡ
ȻʱׯҺֻŻż׷ʱԵĶϡ࣬˼壬ϡϡࡣ
Ϊʲôһٶϡ࣬ΪׯҺøһֱԲôҺڡ
һߵڣǵ𣬿ŲԶļңŲһЩ
֪˿Լﻹкüڡ
ĽİѺɰӱ¨ܲ˵ҷ˸ȥǵġ
ϴӻˡ
һĽô˵ĻӦ͹ȥҲԼ͵ϡ
Ľĸ˼ˡ
ллǰ
ɰֲֶǼӻĸÿһȥӣһȥ͡
֮ǰΪ׬ǮŲôصͣͣã߻
ʵڴˣվڵϵͷԼĽš
ŸЩ˵Լ߻ˡ
ܿضĺӣƴҲҪúñԼĺӡ
ȵ˳꺢ӣԹļŸЩɰ
һ˵仯ܴƣһǿĺòá
ͬΪǰǴ˼ĽĴ򽻵
˵šġȴжϡʳ϶չֺ
ͺ񣬿̶Ǿ;ԼӹͦҸġ
ζû뵽ֻ˸ӡ
Ȼӻͷ̶ְﱧСذϴɾۡ
죬ǸС꣨ һֱڿޣûС㣬Ȼң˻ͦϲǶġ
СĶԴˡ
һСĸͷϵֽ߹ȥ˵ʲôֻ˵ҷϾȻǡ۽죡
ЩǮ棬㹻һ˳ʮ죡
Լ޵Ѿ㲻ˣǰĺӿ۽Լ˲򣬻˺һ١
ȻǺ۽
Ľȫû뵽Щƽֻٽ˷߻֮Ⲣ޸ཻĸᷭԼĶ
ңҪǻڳáԼķ
ĽȻԸȴ۸˻
ԼĶûϣίʱβһĨ糺졣
û˳ܣѶûһʱȻ֪οڡ
Ľ룬ԼһܷЩڮٰ
ϲЩˡ
ǣԼˣôƲϵ
ĽĽŴԼĺɰȫûЩ߻Լȥ͡
˶٣ָÿ˷ɰЩɰʱҲĸСʱܷ
Լ꺢ӣôһһ߷õġ
Щ֮ǰǷ߻л񡣡
һɰһǮÿģѾִˡ
һУֱӿˣ˵ҷҲмΪ飬ԺҪ̤Ҽһ
֮ǰַǸؿڲŭ˺Ӿ͵ԼˣҲԼǸʲô
ͷ̥ǸϹ۲Ŷãôǰһأ
Ľͷ͵һҲͷ̥к
ǹûˡ
ȻάԼߵĸĽġ
ǿĽɫһף˵Щ̵ĻƤѾ˺ˣͲں˺øࡣ
ʱԺűƿԴԵģһˡ
˵Ļɤ۶һֶҶ˵
ȻˣǰôĽĵģ
ǰĽһ߲ܿϵϣǺˡ
Ժӣհѱ¨£Ϳ
⼸˶Ŷסڴһߡ
вڨ֣֮Լճֽȥ
Ҳû࿴żˣˡ
ݺѾڴϣǽڣװԼ˯
жɵ
ոճȥ˼̸϶ܿģɵľѣüҵɰ붼ˡ
ȻֱӼװԼ˯ˡ
ǿ϶Ǳ۸ˣȴǿŲ˵
մ⣬Ծû
ѸճżŲŲԼȥյߣ˯ˣ
۾߶Һ߳ڣΪԼһ˿ڣʹϿǻ
ûôųģһ˳󷹡񡢴ӣóʱߣһ㶼ۡ
Ľ룬ڶðµظݡɽҩȥ飬ϻ˯ǳӡ
Щƾʲô˵ҷϣ
ʱĽͻȻһᣬϽ˫ۡ
ԭű
ĽĲ֪Լ˿β糺жˡ
˵ӿ޵ʱҾô壬ӵĸˣǲҲô壿
ĽֻѪԴӿ
Ļ˼˼ոЩ˵Ļֻ桢桭֡
ǰӵİǸ簡
ӣһĽͣͣӵá
۾ԲӺͰǴġ
ΰ˼£˵ڻѹ𣿡
һŷԭԼѾһ㶼ˡ
ֳʵҡͷѹˡ
ͷ磬Ѱӷڴڲ⣬ȥ
Լȥ
ֱǸٱ䣬淭һӣһߡ
⣬黹ãͰѸոշ¸ң˵Ұֵ
룬ԸĻ˽
ҲǸС˰ֻǾúܶûҪԸϡ
˵ԼЩȷʵ̹ȻһҲѹ
ϾʵҪ
˼ﶼֵأǵ͵ֵغ߻ץιԭӤ
겻û΢ʣݵʱҪ
һ㡢һõʱ򣬰ȫĵν
ˣԼ̫ᡣ
ȴֲԹףÿһ춼ģŬĻš
꣬ޱȵۡ
˵óʼС顣
˱֪ͦǲǴܾ·еСˣõʱܿ첲Ϲļ⡣
ĵһǵͣǿڻٰŽȥ弸ӡ
Ź̵أѽ췢齲һ顣
û˵ԼΪʲôһȻԹߣΧһ־һ
Ϊ֣Щ˵Ҳ⣬ԼԺٸˡ
ȵãĹѽꡣ
ȴСأͣһ¡
ðϽȥ̺ӡ
ȥţֻŲ·ֱӾ͹ӵĺվǰ
ǿСĺӲ˵ڴ
һǿôߵĺС˵壬𣿡


22 ޣ
ʧЦ˵š
ֻ֪˳˷ڣһ㲻⡣
ȴ֪⣬ͻСֳԵġ
ЩһȥģܾЩӿ϶ҲôҪԡ
Ҳᡣ
Һǰһ廨⣬ȥ֮ǰ͸ӵİعһ⡣
ÿӼժ˼ƬҶӣϴɾ
ȥʱЩӿ룬һ۾ֱˡ
˵
ÿⶼòҶӰˣ̵֤֣ŷָЩǡ
õ⣬ǸѧŹӣ˵ף巢ƣ
ǸӻСƨɣҲ˵ƣ
ЦЦЩˣԼȥʢ
ĽСûʶСʲô
뵽˷ڣ峤⣬ȺҲôԵġ
Ȱ˽ȥͷڴͷİϣһ˫ӡ
ȳ⣬ٳˡ
껹ιӣŲӣ˵ˡ
Դһ˵һ£µصʱѾˣúڴЪϢ˵飬Ѳҡ
˶٣ȳԣϾͻ
ί˵Ѿꡣ
ֲʥĸ˶۸ˣʲô
һ߳ˣһ룬ֻķɣǱˡͬΪǣǻ뿴Ц
ǺŤתҶĿֱֲӸǽ
룬»Ҹмˡ
=
С⣬ҧһ㣬᲻һڳ⡣
˼ˣкǸĺʵǴţˣ
Ǹӻشǰġ
ôһشԼҵųͷߣˡ
ֵĺӣֱӾȥšԼҺĶ䡣
Ҳ˼ţ
ǿʱڿ
˵ˣķɻӣԼҺôʡģ
ȻԼǺþûˣҲҪ
ׯҺһ룬ԼҺӲȥԣȻˡ
Ϊ˺ִ󷽡
ȴһ֪ļװʲôû
룬˵ˣǳ԰ɣȥ͵㼦ȥ
仯ĺܴ󣬿˾ǲһˡ
߸ճ극յһӼ
Ǻ˵ԲסҼҺ£ڹҲסܳԶ⣬ҼҺһ㡭
ƴǣ˵ӻСףңþָͷ⼦Ҳա
Ӽգͷ
˵˵Ҫһŵ𣿵ӣҼ˸ٸһ䷿ǰ˵ô
۾һ˸Ƿӣ˯ͷ
ǾͶлˣʱܹ
æ֣Ƕ׵ģƽʱǰ˸ǷҲûйĵ
еˡ
ָԼһʱ䣬Ѯĵڶ硣
ʱҸӶպãֻʣɹɺţЩ¾Ͳ˲ˡ
ȥĽ˵¡
˵ʱ򻹵ðǼҵķһϵòûô䡣
꿴ǵľһֱûȥ
ĺƺҲܺã¶һЦݡ
״ѰӱԼ
˲ԼЦһãȻİȥˣ
ҲûޣϾιϵζϤ
˼£˵ӣЦһ
ޱ飺˵ʲô
Ľ˵ֻгԱ˲ŻЦٸιһΣһ׼Ц

һȰЦԼһضҶֽĥīд˵㶫
һ֣ᷢʱдľȻǡ顯
ݣ󲿷޹֮ĸ顣
ʣµһ֣д˶겻мż̬ȡ
ŬûеõӦջ
ֱųͷͲѳţûӮðһЦݡ
ĽĵĹ۲ʮ죬ֻгԱ˲Ц
ңڻжʱ䣬ͷҲˣûôȣֲѵĺʱ
ýŲԼأٰһľ²ѡ
ˮȡ
ȵ̫ȫȥ֮һĵء
ֲ˵ûʲôѵģˮĺˡļԴӳ֮󣬾û͹
ÿ챳¨ʱֱ̣ͰˮеԲ
˵ҾͿֻ֮꣬Ҫ̶ʱˮûôˡ
룬ƵʱҲϰ߸ũˡ
廹̫ϸƤһ㡣
ˮͰŵԼ˵ġ顯ȥ˴峤ҡ
峤ſʰԼ̴ӣϹЦݣ𣿡
˵ǣм£峤æ
峤ݣ˵һ¾ͳТˣΪµͯԣ
ͯԵĿٿԵʱҪ˺һű٣ɲμӿԡ
٣Ҫ˸񵣱һϢʵҲܿס
˴ץסǱҲ
ҪǷǰָûԸ١
ڲһˣֻҪڣ뱣ء
峤룬һҵһøˡ
⺢ӻͷǿǽ𲻻ϣ
ҡͷԱԪ£ʱض鷳峤
Ҫ˵ģǹҷɵ顣
峤룬Ҫ·ԼȥӱϴġҲԼ֣˵ɳء
ֻǲ֪ʲôҪԼ˵ġ
˵ǰԷٻ£źúֲ
ҽѧûҷ۸ޣҾãֻһ˷ַɵĺãϣ˿Խ
峤Ҳ˲ּ꣬ëƤС¡
ܣҲȻûԼ˸ͷġ
֪һöˣһŮҲƲˣùܡ
ֻû뵽ȻԼ¡
СȷʵЩ⡣뷨ʵΪɿˡ
˵峤ҲҪѰ죬Լ˳顣
ڴ˵ûȨԣ¸һ¡
ôãҲֻǸδڵɡ
ҪѴҶٹ̵ƫǵÿ峤
дЩ峤ȥˡ
治֪ЩԼҲܿĸ˵˴ӵĻ
˼һ£˵ųҾˣȵţںһ棬ôķڷ
Ųô׿Χ˸ӣһֻš
峤ô˵ǸһЩѹҲʮֿ
ҲϣԼԷɳ˰
վԴ峤һҾףл峤
˵ʵڵģҲָ
ԺӻֲĽ˿ȸһӲšΪ˱Ժ껹Ҫ۸ֻɱӺ
ȵȥʱ򣬼Ѿ˵ơ
꿴ţ΢΢һֱı
ʰ˻ϴ·ȥϴ裬󣬰껳Цޱȿġ
רſʱ䣬ιͻŵЦˡ
հѰӱСӵ˲ޱ顣

Ľģ


23 
ֱСӶ˼£⺢ʼձհĽĻһӾЦˡ
Ľģ
ﵹûʲôƽģΪ֪ⴿǸճӤĸıܷӦ
ôӵģĻͷһؼ
ЦŰʪ£Ժ˵ⷭͦ졣
һĻ˵׼ˡ
֮ǰдһƪ顯ԾЩ嶯ڡ
ˣЩĲԡ
˵ˣ㵽ʱǸҲӰ쵽Щ˵
֪࣬ĽѾǿԸʵĶˡ
ƾ£˴ͯҲиƴѧϰ
ǣʿʼдʥ͹ѵ
Ȼˣ˯硣Ҳ˯Ա껳
꿴˲ӣ
ʴˣЩĿıӰſڣȴֲ֪ν͡
ܿ۰ӵģ⺢ӣ治֪ĸǼϴ󣬾Ȼ˴󵨵ĶԴ
ȻѾдһ顶ʥ͹ѵ
ֽ˴ߡ
üĿ忡ͦ˵øʥ͹ѵ֪Т
Ľģ
ô˵Ŀעӵȴ꣬촽һһϣ󲿷˶ô
ٴ죬ɽȪÿ仰ͣٵǡôûⱾˣҲܴЩƤë
ĽĴû뵽ԼȻ΢졣
Ľëͦȴ̣Ķס΢Ƶ⣬Ե䡣
飬Ѿ˯ˡ
ҡҡͷԼȥܳһ顣ϾõĬдѾʮˣ˴涪
Ľ³׷ûΪӵľٶκβ
´͵Ƶĵоһ㡣
ˣ˿ƻЩ񣬱ϴȴںܶϲע⡣
͵Ƶľˣоڵû֮ǰôá
üͷȴֻ֪Ҫһоƾͻ
ЩԼ˻شϣڴڲ࣬
ԼĬдʥ͹ѵѾڴͷ˯ˡ
֣ŲԼҲȥ£Ρ
=
Դж֮ιӣȥ緹
극˵ջ磬ЩɰļҵģҸ͹ȥ
굱ѵַ°һҸ̣ճ¡ۡǱߡ
룬Ŵ˶ڼһңдx
λȨصˣдฮȵȡ
Ҳˡ
˵ҵѧҲǱߣʶ·
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֣Ӵﵽϵ·߶ˣҲԽԽ졣
յǰŰ˵չȻҲйء
ɲɣۡڵڶҾǳ¸
ûţҵѾС˹ƽճţš
ԤϣŵľȻλСӡ
˳฻΢Щ֣ƫƫ°ɫĳ·Ǹˡ
˭
΢΢ʩһ˵֮ǰ˹󸮵߻ͻõĺɰ
СгȻô˵ﻹЩɡ
ǰ˷Ŷ˵ĳۣҲ͸¶һôü߻
ڳȻ˴󶼱ȽǮӴϼ꣬һ;Ǽӡ
Ƕũһ˼µĳʳˡ
˵ĺɰأҵÿɰܷ
⿪¨ѸҶֽͳõġʥ͹ѵ¶µĺɰ
Сһɰȷʵǳ¸˺һ
кһˣ˵ɰǮ
ȻҲſڼɽСӼд
ǿдϾҪϿˣϿǰü飡
üѲյĵӣ
Ҳû룬˶ʮģлߡ
Ȼˡʥ͹ѵּݣȴԼʱ򣬷лЩԼ⡣
ȻڽƪǻһԳ͸á
ȻĶӿţСӼ˵磬ĺ硣
Ȼ鷿ɲɣҲ֡
̧ͷּ֣˵ʥ͹ѵˣ
Ӧ𣺡ѧˡ
㱳һ
ӹŵϲӵϰߣû
ͷʼپȣͣٵõձһ룬ʹˣ ڶΣʼ
룬ҺԼµƪݣżıȽ̡
ûͣ٣ͽ˵ ڶΡ
ֵ꣬ ĶΡ
 Ρ
꣬һдꡣ
Цӿɽ̣
Ŀڸˡ
˵һܱزɼ˹ġ
ϳһ飬ݸ
ҵ꿼ţ˱עġʥ͹ѵʦҵĵᣬȿﲻ¿Ҹ㽲
æ˫ֽӹлԭҪԼУǶԼĿ鰡
Ȼûǿ飬ΪһҽѧǰЩˡ
û뵽ȻֱӾ͸Լĺ
ıʼϸϸдԼֽϣ֮ǰĵطҲȻʡ
ⱾϵעԷΪ塣
һīɫЩǳʦģڶʱе壬дַǺ
žжʦ鼮ʱڻͨ⡣
ôһ룬Ҳд⼸עͣдԼ뷨
ֻϧֻܶԡũɣԼ磽⣬ñдġ
ΪĹŴˣȻЩѾĥϲ٣һЩϰȻ㵽
Ȿʥ͹ѵ˽ʱ鼮
дһʱ±ʣվֱӻǡ
ڻᣬôһֱУ˿϶Щձ
ɲԼ˺ձдֺչ
мϢôһСѸոдĶԺһ飬Ҳ㡣
ȵ¿ΣѾעȫд
ȻһԼסʮ֣֮࿴ܼס߰˰ˡ
üԲñͷϰܻ
ɵÿЩʼǲμµͯԡ
Ŷ룬󻹴һˡ
ֱһ졣
ⲻͺɰǼң¸ô
ְӣ۾Բ˵
ȻС֣һȥǷͶȡɣ˴鼮
Ȼ۵ֱ
һȥѾˣǷϿ
Ȼ£ϽģҴˣԺҲˡ
ջؽߣ´ٷҾͽֱϾ
Ȼ


24 
ǵĽ̸е֪λȻ°¸ΨһĹӡ
ңԳȻڴȻϣԷͼǿһٿŵģ
ûӵ̬ȣҲӣֻƼˮ·ˡ
Ļĵ׶Щȣ¹꿴࣬һϲ顭
Ҫʲôȥţ
Ȼô˵ˣһй֮ġ
ѵȻת
˽ܵ¶ҪμͯԣҲ໥ʶһ£ͬˡ
Ƚܵ˵λ̿ࡢǿǡ
˶٣˵ǳȻСӼˣǸĺӣκϲ͵
ʵĿڳȻϣ˵֣һᡣ
Ȼ˵˵ǻϻһءҽгȻ¿ȥʳԺóԵġ

һʹޣ˵֮ǰӹĿȾһӡô飬Ҳ֪ĸôдȴƫƫҪμӿƾ١
ЦԸˬʣ塣
ϰʲôѲĵطϸĽһ顣
ȻҲԱţֻҪöʵ飬Ͷȥ
˰ոսĶһ顣
Ϊ֮ǰܳʼǣټȷʵʮûдİ
ȻȵĿ˵ʲôͿ
Ȼֱͦ˼ǣҲոսݸ
ȻЩͣ٣ҲʵȣϾȻûһѡʥ͹ѵô飬һȫıй
ʮ⣬óһ۽ⱾȥҸ㽲
Ϊʲôе鼮Ҫȳһ飬ǾΪҲ֪ûǮ顣
֮Ҳʼǣǰܸϰ
ʱҲֻôġ
״Ƿǳ£֮ǰ顣
ڶ˽֮԰
͸˿ΣȻϱ¨ﻹһǿհ׵ֽţѾд
ʮҪȥʳԷ
ֲͣؿ
˵ʵҷɸֻ꣬ͺӣʵġ
Ȼ¸ˣⲻ˷ɣӶˣ
ȻӦǡ
Ȼ䣬룬ҺԼ￴ԭİʦдԭĳ£˿͵ַ
Ȼ͵ܣұһꡭ
ʮˣȻʮš
룬ұʮꡣ
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Ȼ˵ҵ˵ҿţͲȢޣҿĽ㰡͵ܡ
Ǿ͹ףִ˴ͯԽˡ
ȻоԼ
ԼĴǣͯԻǼ򵥵顣
˴μŷһҲԼѷɫԼŬˡ
˻Ŭò˻ˡ
Ȼ룬Ҫ˵˭ܿϣȻҲ
Ȼ˵˵սġʥ͹ѵҰ֮ǰǶѧˣԽʣܴ
͵ܽնԴʵ
˵һԼ¸һԶٷȻŸ
=
·һ߿Լһ룬ѧϰиҲͦõġ
ȻʾͲ֮ǰѧߣԼҲöһ
˻ྺܲϽ
ȥ󣬰ѶʮĽꡣ
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ĽķǮ˵ܲЩҸ·
һٶģ˵һƥֻҪЩ·ͳˡ
ƥĶǴ˼ҡ
㶼Ҫ·顣
ִȥĳֻףϴ˻Ŵ
̴ֲǲ٣ЩǴģɻʱĥø첲ۡ
뵽Լ֮ǰӳʱ򣬼ĥƵЩطûס
ʵű¨һ߾һʱߵҲоˡ
ڲũЪʱ򣬲Żüһһۡ
Ҳ֪̫ϸƤˣҪһûũүһͥҺڵˣþһ
ǽˡ
ͷȻܴ󣬵ûôɹˡ
ڴϳۣȥЩ̶ھš
ӻûãܳģǸġ
һļžͱ죬ԭӵ̧һŰˡ
æſ󣬺ǿ԰ѰԺ
ӵĴӽʮ壬ӡ
һЦҼСǸ컹ҵĺ⣬ҵ͸ⰸϽáҸ˵һڼﶼףЩһСӡ
ЦÿҲһ飬Ҽ˹Եġ
˼˵ţ֮ǰţ˵׬ǮףҿȷʵׯҺһȴһҲס
жиеѴ۾ͲӦ̰ҵıˡ
̫ʵˣû취
ָѰŲݣտڴһߣӵĵط
ʢ̶ֽİҰˡ
ڳкǣȥʮβõݸǡ
Ĺأ˼Ҿߺᶫ˺ʾл
Ͼ˸ɱϱ˶ˣϾǸѡ
ֵܳ꣬Ǯˡ
ʣµԼʰˣڴϣ꺢ӲôۣҪȻԺôڶ̥
걾Ѽ꣬ĺ䣬˶ˡ
ӵģҲҺˡ
ѳʰãٰѰ˰ʱĳɨȥԼ鱾ֽŶڰϡ
վڴǰֽĴͶǰһƬá
У뵽ʫ
ƻжʱڷ֪ѧ磬׷ڶ١[ע]
ֱʱŷ֣Լ֮ǰĿĶĩˡ
飬յĿӦǳʵԼ
ڿƾ١ţЩֻ֤гɹġ
תһ룬ԼǸˡ
ΪſˣܹӣЩĿģҲ˵
Ȿ鳭һ룬̶࣬ȥ棬һֻɰ
˵ȥֲˣ˾ȥ˯һʰ֪𣿡
ɵĵͷǰ鸮Ҳ˵˺ӺþȴɵΪǽı֣Ϊ˲Լһֱɢ
ԭ꺢ӺĵöϢ
ɵĵͷ룬һԼĻͰϴˡֻϴһ룬۵ġ
ҪµĲѣøֵĵؽˮֱڣ˵ֻһ롣
룬öͰˮˣҪȻ˵صָü졣


25 
ϣȥ飬ëֽϰϰ
򵥵ϰ΢΢һ¡
±ʣתͷȥѯʵôˣ
΢΢һЦüҵɰԵظ
˵ǰֳǶʱҲϰĺᡢȡ
֮ǰҼдֻ죬ϰ˵£ȴһֱûҵᡣ
˶٣˵񰢽ѾڹдǲҪ˵ʲôˡ
룬˵ӦԭԲŲСĻᡣ
ʵҲд𣿡
Ѿԭ󲿷ֵļ䣬Ҳ¶ڡ
ֻԭصļٵÿֻ֪Լģ㲻˽⡣
ĽĴ˵һ㣬ϰûʲôãѧҲࡣ
ЦôûãԺǼ׬Ǯ¼ˣϰˣ㡣
۾ùԲҲ˵ϰûá
ѧЩգܸࡣ
ҷȴ˾ĸϰ֣Ժ󻹵ùܼҡ
ķӦȡãЦҵÿվͿԽϰ֣Ҳ׶ΣԲӵܡ
ϰĺһ㣬㡣
⣬Ҳûϸ
ǰڴ󸻴֮ң䵽ز֤ǸѾɢˡ
һ飬ڰѾ˵˿ֻ˺һ飬̫ˡ
ûмô⡣
ȵһУԸʱŽˮɡ
ڴϺ˯ʮŴ֣Ϩ˵ƣԺϴһŲ硣
=
ڶգ𴲺һѾ˲Ĭ
ٰ࣬һҰˡ
ι꺢ӣϴʰ¨
ʵȵһҩͿǮһ䣬ڵϿһϿһ㶼ᱳһ
һƣűīֽ⣬ϴ¿ȵȡ
ڵǲôҪȵ¸ϿԣôԶȥ·ȱ¨Ҫ࣬԰ѲͬĶűװ
滹ӣĶʪ
ֻ䲻ֻܴܴм׵
ɵıȽ磬ľǷΪֻһ
㣬顷ĵ֣徭ܶһ㡣
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ֻһ֮һʵֻǧҡ
һϳꡣ
룬ٶȴһʱǧ֣Ǳóһʱһ㣬ٶ⡣
ȵѡ顷徭꣬Ҳһˡ
ôһ룬Ŵ˿Կ治ףͯԣҪѡ顷徭Ĺ죬⻹Сʥ͹ѵȵȡ
ý֮ǰʿʼĬдԼժݡ
ûпȥУϾǳ˵˼ά⣬һ֣Ҳࡣ
д˴ķ֮һʱ򣬳Ȼˡ
һˡ໡ࡣ
͵ܣոõ飬վĬдˣ
ЦûУֻǳĬдǵûûô졣
ⱾȻ֮ǰҲѧ˼ãдĴɨһ顣
ĬдҲûдһΪϣղŷˣ͵ܼЦˡ
еɫ֪ܳʲô¡
ʱȨָܴ˵յĿγȡ
ȻȽϺãóһȻһܳǱ۵ע⣬Ȿ
Ȼȥ϶飬ȳ
Ӧǡ
Ҳʩˣ֪ȻãҳȻǮ鷿һ顣Ҳȥһ߶顣
ϵⱾȽϱһϴſܳϡ
ҲҺ֪Լʵûʱ֮ġ
ҪȻ϶Լ飬ֻóȻ飬ֱ̫Դˡ
ߺ˰ʱʱ䣬ʣµĬд꣬мƧܴ֪״д
ʼܳע⣬ⱾȻ塣
ʦܺãԼص鼮͸
棬ԼʶǼƧԱߣȦȻд˲ٽ͡
˶Ƨ֣Ҳһ֪ôдġ
Ҳͼ䡣
ջ磬ڵĿѾɢˣ鷿ʱɫȻڵĿ¡
ûнʲôݣֱóȻǱ顣
Ȼֿ⡣
Һû͵ȫɫźÿһЩ
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ȵź󣬳ȻŶüŪۣ˵֪Ϊɶԡ
Ŷ
Ȼ˵㲻֪𣿡
롣
ȻĻɤ۶ȤҸɡ
ǰЩĸ׹չǴΪֺȻһƻŮĵҡ
Ȼ˵˵ܲǿɵðһͻСһֵĹ
üͬɡȻȢңԶǸгϢˣӦûӵ
ȻȻͬ⣬˵ʵڵģĵҲûͬ⣬Ǽ˷˵ү˼ҹŮס
ƺҲϴ塣
Ȼ˵үһţ϶ͿҪ£ҲҪġ
ҿ϶˹
ЩʱĽӴҲΪֱšײһ˻һԵŮˡ
ԣЩ˵Ŀĵʲô
ȻЦҵѾȥˣģһỹһס
룬ϾҪμӿƾˣǻĶһŵ
ÿŵ˵޵ġ
ʮֻţϤҲ˵ЩԸⲻԸⵣ
˵ϻûⶼǸ⡣
ʱԣճ˵ЩĿ
Ҫ
Ȼ˽һ͵ܵЩӦòܿţǵĵҡ
ȻӲ󣬵еġ
һŵĵҲţǳ͢ҲŽ
ѹһͷ
룬⹴ĶǶļֱȻӻҪʡ
ǰ˵˸ͬԵͯкҩǲÿԣֱӷԼߣԺҲóۡ
ȻΪʲôô˵Ļֵţ
Ȼ·֪ɻʲô˵͵ܹȻϵСϢΪ˱ȽϸߵǼҸհʱҾ˵Լһһܿš
Ĭˡ
ȻװҪǸبŲĵ
˵ǱҪǰæĻ浽
Ȼ͵ģҲģ


26 
Ȼ,ʱû顣
֮ǰѾ˵ҪԼͳȻȥμԡ
Ȼ鲻ãȴȻĵؽ,û
Ǿ֤,ſ԰ƽ
룬Ȼо仰ȷ˵ˡ
Ǿ̫עϵСϢˡ
˵ʱҪŴ¡,,ũɣ
µĿűµ˼,ָصĿ
룬Լǵöעϵ̬
ڿƾٿдԼӽǵ
ãԼͲĹŴˣŴԽû,д廪¡
׼ԼũӵĶλ,дԼ£ӱ
ôһ룬˼·ͨ,Ͼʱÿ˶ᱳ,ֻͯĻôôȻţ
ûб𣿲ǵġ
ҪһٿԣĬдֻǻ
֮ǰ˵,ȵ걳е鼮ͻдۣǿԵҪݡ
ߵ,׼شʱͻȻԼӦҩݵǼҽݴ
ҪǷǰܻἱŻؼң¡
Σȴ˽ʱ̬
ǣԼı¨ŲһתǱȥ
ſѾΧȦˣѧͽܹӰ
վԼԱߵѯʵ£﷢ʲô
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Ҳ˹֣˵Ǽϰϱ˺üϱѲ˵ûþˣ׼һʬ
ϰȻҲûưϱ̧ҽݡ
ҽݶܾˣĳãȻԸʩȣǿŮŮܲף
һݣŴŮҲ̫ףѲȻҽݶա
ҲҺģȻٵȥ϶һʬ
˼û˵˵һŮ˳ˣʲôϣ
ʣ¸ڽӴģҲĸˡ
û˵ɫȴѾࡣ
վҽݵ̨ϣÿԿſڲ˽ȥܹ
ܹڷͣλ׸кãھˣұ￴ְ
ܹ󣡡
һܹû̧ܹͷÿ
ܹæȺк磬ôˣ
˵ѧãг֣͹һ¡ͨҽ֪費Ҫæ
ܹ˵ʦã㵹ǿԽȥɷãǿһ¡
˵ţܹк˴濪ţȥ󣬸ϽְŹϡ
ӳ֣Ȼûߣȴ׳ʵ˲֪ٱ
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ϱѲҪ飬Ȼ׼ҽҪϱˣҾͳȥƴˣ
ЩӣϾܷνġŮܲסǰӵڵһλ
ŴܶԸȥԸд
ȻھǴܻһ㣬ϾǶǸ˼ҡЩŮ˳ŵģȻúš
ԽƫԶƶĵطԾ
˵԰꣬ҲǴ򣬱׼԰æ
ˣ˶ãԼԤһʱ䡣
ǱѾˡ
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룬ûΣʱ䣬һãڲĻ
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ĺͺӵĻͬʱ
ԣץҩҩ
ȥȥеǮϣ
±¨֣ץһЩĸݵӹȴִٽٶȵĲҩ
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Ÿ±ʣȴĽ
֮ԲãȻΪ˵۹⣬ڻǺ֪Я˶ϸΪ˱Ⱦ氲ĵűȽϺá
һȣ͵ȵͷб
ڴһĺޣǺӸϽʣϱ𣿡
ҩĸƽ
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Ҳǡÿˣһ¶Цݡ
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֣ü˵ûãֶôˡ
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ͱܿȺãװˣ˽
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꿴üĿһֱЦ⣬ȫһ
ӷ껳ڴϳԣԼһڴߡ
ͱƤִ࣬ȻſƤдлȵζĴڣһζ
һҲǶˣһ롣
ʣµǰʵڳԲˣֱùԼˡ
˵ӣһҪȡ
꿴Լǰʣµıֱӽ
΢΢ſ˶Щ΢΢㶡
ȻһĶ
겻֪ԼʲôоҸġĵġϲĸ֯һоǰʮ꣬ûôֹ
룬ǰڼԵĶҲʣµġ
ȻܣտʼԲЩԵѿʣ˼ٺѾ治ɫĳȥ
ʱӦþúѿɣѾ˵ʱܡ
ʹ
ڵڣҸ
ԼҲЩȣĽ񱣬һԲ˳ԻԣԱʣһĴͱ
ʣǲΪ˷̫ϧ
ȻԼĵ׵Ļش𣺡ǵġ
õģˣ˵ӵ̫˷ѣҰˡ
ɡ
ȫû仰ĲԣЩɬĴԴ
ֳ־Ľë۵״һӰ
Ŀ⣬ٿվ쵽궼ûӦ˵ȥû
лҪ˵ʲô
Ľģﲻԣ
һȻһ֪ԼѾ˵ĶԻ


27 
̰ɫð˿˿״,Ҳ֪ЩʲôһҲ壬ζ
,ڴ,顣
ãڵ,Щĸˡ
˳ᢡ̸Ц
,Ѿ׺,˲ʲôûС
ܾԼһ£ֱڳʮԳźϴʱ
û˵ؽˮ
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ֵģĲѿɽ,һ˽ˮѾͿܱ
һ̫ɹʱˮˮ,һѲѸ
ȵִѧõʱøȻײ˸档
ȻЦ͵ܽտǱʲôˣ
˵ȥˣ˸˵ؽˮ,ȥġ
ȻŴͣȫ벻ҾȻ
ϴξͿɰȻֵؽˮ
Ȼ˵㡢һ߶飬һũ᲻̫ˣ
һۣЩ֣ũӲ𣿡
ȻϵķũгϢҷǮȫҪũЩ¶еũֻҪˡ
ȻʮֵȻ˵ǺܲɣǴɢУ裬ûͬ塣
Ȼû˵
˵ʵڵģϣȷʵټġ
ȻȻҲ֪ҶͬԼǮĻȥá
ңȫûеҪӼõĵز˶и˵Ļ
Եÿп࣬Ϊˡ⻰Ȼ˶֪м
Ȼʵǰ˹ȤӣƶʲôȤ
ʵصվĽǶ˼ÿջȥһũҪɣȻûʱķ绨ѩ¡
ĺӹɵİӭ鷿˵˵²Ҫһ´Ҫһ
˵ֱݸˡ
Сӿ˿ƤоԼݷˣһĲ˼
Ҵˣһ磬һġ
ȻǱǾۣУע⣬Сطֶˡ
С˵˵͵Ҫ飬λ뿪
ȵߺʵ֣Ǳ߿бʣ
˵ȥô
ȻȻǸ
˵ҵ˵ˣ̲Ĵ峤Գ棬ĿǸŮӣȻָʹΪ˸һҳϴȱϯ
ģ鶼Բˡ
룬Լ֮ǰȥ̲ݵʱ򻹼λ峤Ȼ󲢴档
Ǹô峤
ȻҲֻ֪һ㣬ȫ˽ŮȻ˵ָʹˣȻ˵ָʹǴһ
е⣬Ҳֻ֮ܲ
Ȼﶼ϶ĸڱģҲôơ
ϣ滹ǺҪġ
˵ˣƾŮӵĻȫžŮӿеĳģû֤ʱҲֻܸ¡
Һûһҹ
ҪȻˮȥһһôȥ
Ȿ飬Ǻָһȥ
֮ĽʽȰѻɬѶԭؼժ֮ڿϸк塣
Ȼһ£ǵðעڿϳһ顣
עӦǹûȥ
ѧãȻҲ֪ȥ԰ʳ˵ش·ԶС
óȻȻǮ˻Ǻܻչ˵
ȫΪԼ;Լ֪ҲǰŸ
̲֮͡
ȥ֣һٶģʲƥļ۸
ϸ۹һƥɣҲʮס
һ·ֻҪߵ׵ľˣҪһףǾ͵һƥ
һƥ׶ǮԼҲ
ǰû飬·ҲǾѸĵġ
һҲׯƹ۾Դɨһһۣкߡ
ⶼ֯ɵĲߣֲɫҲʺֶˡ
˿ָйȻ۵ϲࡣ
ʵ洩Ķ鲼¡
ʰˡ
ѯһ¼۸
ƹ˵ֲǲֿһֻƥһƥһ֮䡣ɫͬ۸ͬ
Լһģ˳˼
һӣһǮһǧġ
ǮƵʮ
ɬһ´ļ۸
ƹļܲ޲Ҳգ˵ļ۸
ƹ⿪ܶˣټʵĶˣ֪ĶˣŶȥˡ
Цӭˡ
ˣһƥֻҪһʮġ
ޱ룬Լţӣʱţ˵һ߲ģһɾʮģһƥһٶʮġ
Ȼϵļ۸
ֶԱһ´޲ԼӦû޲
Ͼ·һЩֻũ㣬Ҫ̫ࡣ
෴꺢ӣ彿ţһֱŴ·ĥƤ
ʵһѾǼĴֻܿˡ
ȥţʣû޲ܹܽʡͽʡ㡣
׼ֱӻؼҵʱͻȻ˽סˡ
㣡
ǳȻ߻õ
վס˽Ųȵ򣬳֣ôһˣ
Ȼ˵¿εʱ䣬ۡǰ㣬ѧˣҪҼ˵ǰһֱиתƣһ֪¡
ȥá
ȻϲСϢҪȥ
ðɣڲ̸ˡ
Σֻܵ˵˵ҩ顣
˵ʹ÷ͼɻҶд棬Ҫģþǡ
żĸҩⶫ⴫֪Ҫʦеġ
ЦҩһżϿģ޳
ϾһƽʱյĶ
ˣû뵽ȻҽԸطֱӼ¼ϣ˴ġ
˵ҩãǻԺҽҪҩϾŷúܴܹΪҲлβˡ
ڴлˡ
æվһҾĳƺҲ˸ı䡣
ģʵ
ɲҾӹλ˼ȻԸҩ¼鼮ϣǱȻҲϣԾȸˡ
˵Ȼ˵Ҿʹƹӡ
ʵµĶ׼ˣҼûǮӶˣЩҵøȥ㣬شһ¡
ȷʵˣǵȷڰ¾աʮաʮգ
һʡῼԣ󲿷ָ׻嶼ѡ㿼㺢ӵĳʳ
ȻⶼҪˣ
ΪʲôԴʶ֮󣬸оߵѧԡ
򿴵ҩʹüɻ䣬ɲ֮ǰǾ䡮ҵҽǰӡ
˵֪Ըڰµʱÿʱ˲ʱܱ֣һƹ˵
׳ذը
лҪ˵ңԽߣũӣûǮ


28 
˵ʵ,⻰ʱԺ˲ͷ
磬ӿƥ,һƥļ,£ܽʡһ㡣
ӿԸµ,֡
ӻֽ,ͲҪҶֽһôá

þûд,Ϊһľܾ
ֻ˵ηæ߶ˡ
˵ûУҿԡȷʵûжҽ飬Ȼ,¸ÿ¿κȿ,ÿ̸µ飬𣿡
ȷʵûôҩӡ
ΪһѧԣѧĶǼġ
Ǹʱ,ҽĺܶҩǹģѧȹŴҪࡣ
û뵽Ȼ뷨
ܲͬ⣿
˵Ȼ,µһƹһ£ӦûᲹһ㣬Ȼ緹ǰġ
Ӧ¡
³ĺ,ȵ¹µʱҲá
ԼҲó׬Ǯˡ
ȻΪһӶԸÿʱ
ǿĸСʱȵش,ƶߵˡ
Լ֮ǰֽ־׳ӡ
ĸܵĲףͻȻЩԼˡ
ʱϰβ
»ÿأ
ȻѾӦ˵ʲôҲûá
Һǿο϶ǲµġ
=
ջؼһ磬ȥţһ޲񣬽ţ˵ûС
󣬿ɱ鲼֯ˣϱһҲ֯һƥҲԾû֯
ʣԤһƥŵöǮ
ţ˵Լôǵü۸񣬵һϱϴ·ʡ
ţ˵Ǿ仰ʹó壬˵ϱŻһյʱһ̡
ҲԼڣš
һ۵һƥźܾö
ţϱ֯á
ţһַԽңԽ׼һӶͷҪԵ˷۱
ȵţϱʱѾĿûӶˡ
ϱ⣬˵ҪҪҪƯɫްɫֻҪģȥƯɫŵġ
ֻҪŰģӲϱһģ
˶ÿ֯á
شնĻ³ҿáҲǵһ¡
ĻѮȥƯɫ
͸ţϱһƥ޲˵ܷЩʱգҿдŵӣҴ峤Ŀ
ţֱӾܾˡ
дʲôӣŵù㣬ֱȥҲ
ţϱһۣҲû˵ʲôڴãˣ
=
ȥ˵£˵ҵû뵽޲ļ۸ô󣬵ȵã·
ңڼǿȵʱ򣬼ʲôҲŻһʡ·Сˡ
ЩźоԼ̺ӣʲô
˵ҪҲ̫ˡ
һԽһ㡯ĹκеĻֻ಻١
˹ıӣ̺ӻСӿ޵ʱһֱֱ۲ʹ𣿡
ע£ֻҡҡͷ
ðɣҷɿʵһ˸ĶصӣβݽˮĲ
ԼĻæһӡ
ҲǡڰӺܹԣԱ˾˯˯ͳԣȷʵۡ
˵߰»֮󣬾ͺˡ
֪ܲԼ̨¡
ŴĸŮ߸ȷʵҪչ˺ӡҪɨʣµʱ׬Ǯ
ҼһԾԵꡣ
ֻ֪ΪʱĲƽ
͸ŮûгȥĻᣬ׬ǮΨһ·ߡ
˵֮ǣʵӹ顣úúϢš
Ȼóҽǿ԰յġ
ȷʵ飬ҲûҪҩĵزҲøֵʲš
뵽ӵ飬İĻˡ
ֻаһӶµһһ𳤴
Ľ룬кӿչ˵ܵܣܵҲԱ硣
ȵͷºȥ˲ˣֽˮʣµشŻ졣
ˮ࣬üҪԼˡ
Ը£Ұ硣
ǰڼٵ˼ۣҲļ
룬иչ˾ǺãȲʹ֪
ڴߣڴϣȰͷǰ˫ָ࣬þ
ֻʮոպãСȲȴֿԻͶʹ
Ľʵȿ𣿻᲻̫˵㣿
˵պá
Ľ˿Ȼϰũ˻бϲġ
ѾָóٴĻΪˡ
Ҳķ֣ʵʼȻУͺѸܵˡ
˵𣿡
괭ۡ
ˣվ˵ҸȥˣСƭӡ
˵СƭӡֵʱԼûע⵽ĳ硣
ȴȫȻˣЩߣرָڱ
ʵָķ飬Լǲ
д֣ȥ˸ԳţŻ˯
һдëҪֱ۵ͼӽϰˡ
ȻȻƲףʵ˺׼ŸӴ˼죬;Ǹǳɵˡ
ȷʵûġ
һСĿ󣬱˵֣ÿ춼ϰҳ֣һѵ
Ƿ˭ϣŶʧܡ
գѧȥãеƹ
˿ȻۣΪԾλ˵Ĳҩ֣طĸˣ
˵ǵģȷʵᣬ׼ƾ٣ҽûġ
ƹЩԥҲ֪ǿһǿڶǿϲϡ
ҽҽžôġ
ЩΣռš
ȴ˵ôû϶˵˵ҽũӹŹؾĸ
һãȻоԼ׸ʱѽˡ
ԺѧǵøȻһ£ڣ֪ϵ¡
ĸҽʲô
˵ȵǼΣ⼸ҲʣΪ˴лľ֮
룬ֻع
˵Ļָ¥˵¹²ײβҽũӡ
ƹĶһۣӶԷп˾
⵽ʲô˵
һŲȯԹȥȱ裬ô˵ɾˡȯͲӣ¨ȷ
ʾԼܣϣõת
򵱼תΪŰ岻ǰ˵ĻΧ۵˶ˡ
֪ûнãûŮ壬ȴдҩһⲻҽʲô


29 
ƹ˽֮,Ĳϳ
˵Ժﵱ𣿡
泯˵ķĿȴϡ
һҵľˡ
ϴŶ̴,ҽݵﲻϤ,ѡ˵ˡ
Ĭһ£ߵǿ,Ͼ׬Ӿ׬ǮӰӡ
ƹĺе㲻̫Ӷ,Ǹ⡣
˼ʱ,ƹѾˣȻˣũæ꣬µʱˡ
˸˵Ӧˣ˵ԭ,Ҽڻ̥߸,ʱơ
ߺƹ˵ȻѾȥ,˲ò࣡
˶٣˵,ǰðˣ֪һÿѮһ,ܷÿɻУ
ѾĴˡ
ָƹһ¡ʵϰڡĹʱ,Ͼʱ껹ûӣܰͺڼҲܲˡ
ö¹ʱΪÿһʱΪÿʱ
˵λʿҪлĸƽ顣
룬˵Ҳ»ʱԻһ档
ͷʱ仹ǶչӣлҲ١
Ӧˡ
ƹմմϲЮ󱨣̬һ
޵ҽ³ߣãԡ
æ֣˵ҵ
=
ֹգֵÿѮһյޡ
޲ѧõѧż٣ҽĴҲż١
ϼҲϣֻﵱޣҲΪ·;ңԶؼңжҽ
ߵޣǸʱɽҩġ
޵գ˸磬ȼ¨ĸ֦Ҷӻ
ȥҩűװãһʱȥ
ǰѹ̶ű¨ãȻһ
˵鲼ı߶ϸϸܵķΪСɾ¡
·ǳˣһܶ켸ǣá
ʱˡ׼ȷ˵ǶҲǱرģϾҲׯҺֱĨԵ̫˹ˡ
֮ǰûעϸڣ·ȵĴʱ򣬺ˮʱ˳°ͻȥ
ʱΪִֽܸоԼȱ˵ʲô
һѣŷԭֽƷҸӻ
Цһ ҷ춫һúղš
룬ǵһΰ֮ǰһɫĳֻۣ
ŶˣʱҪǼۡ
ÿϧһֱڳ̨µĴ
ǲ֪·ôôȻȥ顣
Ҳ½½˲ٶǮӡʴȵȣһ⣬Ĳạֱ̃
ʱô˵ţ
ҪһĶϻûӣ
ҲһεƵĶ
Ҳȥƽǰ¡
¶ɰľѣﻹЩ鲼ҼǮЩˣһµġ
ЦӦá
ȵִõʱʱʮʮ㣩Ѿˡ
˼Ǯһʮġ
ҩļ۸ʮǺѡ
ɵҩûеڶζˣΪִ֪ҩ׬Ǯ飬ɽµĺܶҰŲҩ޶ˡ
ЩַõҲϲҩʲôֻһԲˣһŹ
˵˴󲿷֪ôҩǮ
ܹ黹ۺҴһףкԣв֡
Ҳҩ
˵ˣɽҲаģҩҲµģôɣȷʵܲš
ҺԺҲҩ׬Ǯˡ
ʱˮˣǱȽעذȫġ
˵ˣ¸ÿճ˰һٷһѾ㹻á
ʡһ㣬ܹ¸ֽī顣
ȵ£Ͳô׾ˡ
֪һЩ˵֮ǰ˴ûзĲҩҼҩϲˣӦøҩͬһ
ֻϧõĵطΪժַƻˣȻһòϡ
ЩػĿЩǲۺ㣿
˵ɣˮ࣬¸ɽΣԺͲȥˡ
룬ҲǣǰǹӶΪ˲ɸҩ׬Ǯʧɽϵ˶ûˡ
עȷʵûġ
л򡣡
óԼһʮģðǷţһѺˣҲʮġ
ġҲֻʣʮġ
Լĳɹǵţ⡣
ֻԼʲĻǲ
Ҫ⣬ʳҲҪ
еϷԡ
Ǽҵϰ壬Ȼһҩ޶˼ҡ
ʵʱѯʱǸ˸˵ǰҽǼˣʱûϡ
ϰ屾ûд˿ͣǻϳæкϰ
ϰ˶ˣ˰
ҵҵ
ģŹǡ廨⣬ƣϰ
ϰƣԺӣӺǷ
æáϰˣܲԤţ⡢⣿
ϰ˵ϰ壬ҽδСҵͽɱҴС
ɲôֻܳƺΪδ硣
δ˵ţԴ٣ţܽƽʱԺúȺãֻء
ҲЩţҪˣͻɱ
Щţ⻹ۺóԡ
룬ҲŴũţȷʵֹϡ
ʣ⣿
εĺӵûʲô㣬εиҪĻ˸ʡ
ûҲֻ鷳δˡ
δ˵С£ʲôմæҲͷҼںδ֮һұضŴл
ʱûƾܣϾڹŴִлӦġ
Ҫپܾе㲻ˡ
ҪȻҲô໰дʲôӢ۾ҼˣСŮӵˡ
ϰʵ̫飬һŹǡȡ廨ߵġ
صȰѶ£Ҵ峤ЩʱϹϡӡϵȵȡ
ҵĲ˵زŸ꣬ҲܣЩҲֻܿˡ
꿴Ϲһϲ˵Ϲ𣬿ˡ
˵Ϲϰӣ
˵ͷȻЩԥѾԽԽ󵨵ıʾԼĵ뷨
ǰôηη
Ǹͷ
￴ĸıʾʮϲȴһ
˵ӣԡ
굱ЩͣӵĹɷˣҪϹϵڶú棬ǵðӵİӡ
üôң
ҡҡͷȻûУֻǰһˣҡϣϢһ¡
ĽڰĻ˵Щϲ
ЩŬĽĶ
ȫоһÿæ˶Ϣ˵ʱóʱ֡
ôȥ˶ֲס
ֵֺģǰûĵ׳ֹȻ
ȥ˼ǵʲô
˵˼˵ȴûҵ
ηҽѿڶң
лҪ˵ηҽѿڶң


30 
ûȻôֱ׵ĸ˼
ûôƵ˼,һԲ˵
ǣĽĵ棬ͷǰ
ҹ㰡
Ϲ,о֮ǰѹȥǹֵ˼
˶ʮ,ʵڲ֪ΪĶ
ǰ˵ıףܵȻܾ,ĺ޲
,᲻뿴Ц,˵˵
˵ҹ㡣
=
ϹϰһģϴϹ,Ƥ,жý͡Ρ͵ڶ
긺桢棬а˸ӵСӡ
ǰӺͽ,Ͼʱѧʱ,һѹ˻һӡ
òϣԼļǰѰӰĲɢܡ
һŰƤ,һűԵת£һССİӾˡ
ÿϲ಻,պð˸ޡ
ҲմЩۣѧӰ
ֻϧǸ
ǿѧġ
õһӣڰϣһƷİβϡ
˼һ£ֻӿ棬϶ʲôðӡ
껹ǵһ ҲвĶǵľǳǳЦ⡣
ϰһɤŴ󺰵Ƿˣ
ȥ֣ţȻϤվ⡣
֮ǰֵʱ򾭳ġ
к˽ţ硢׳磬
ţţմ״һ㣬Ҳȡһġ
ҲţҺϴδСҪԡ
˲˼ʲô
ũæҲûܰһҲ㹮顣
ţ˵۱˵õѮĵڶ죬ҼũˣմŴ׳㣬˸ǷӣʲôҪģ
ҲϾڲݶˣԺ©ܿԼһӡ
˵Һͳݶ͸磬ҲҺû꣬ҪȻҼҾˡ
׳ҲǸֱӣЦȥӼ©꣬Ѵ齶ŪˣҸ㲹ݶ
㵱ʱҲҰæҪӵĲС
Ҿ룬ʵʵĺôʵڣҪǶţң˵
֪˵ϰߣǾǿʱ϶ȱһ£ֵá
׳⻰˼ǣڲҪӻˡ
˵ʱ֪֪ˡ
׳Ȼ紫Ķˡ
Ҳ˵ϵ֧ã¾ȥ
ţʣݶô
׳ʱüͷ˵ЩСԲǴ󶴾õݲˣ´һ©ˮ
Ҳ֪ʵûʲôݶԷסЩʱգ
ţ˵ѲȫƬģ
һƬļ۸ȻЦ˵ûôǮȫƬŰõݲõĵطƬ
ˮڵˣﲻ©ꡣ
׳ȥ˳ϵݶһҪٲϡ
ⲹӵԼȥɽһÿǶҲòϣһˣܰݶá
Ӧ¡
ţ˵ƬȥһУٶպõ飬ˣ۾ܿʼǷӡ
Խȫ⺺˵İţһȥɽ
Ȼˣ۵۾ɴ󡢶ͷ϶Ҫ
ţ׳Ͻÿװôȳһ㡣
ĿﱾģģѳСɽ
֪ⲻԼǿʱ򣬸Ͻ˵л
Ѿˣ͵ʱҲ
ⵣ۵ļҪ˵
һ˼ǰߣȻҲûţ׳𾪺͡
˵ʮ˵ʱҲЩǸһ۴Сũġ
ı軵ˣûˣ͸һҹһ
׳ͬţ˵ڶأԺҪţǴ嶼մ⡣
˶顢ùܣ˵׳ͷ
ôտʼȶڴӣ߶˵Ҳϰߡ
ʵû˵ĶԻ
ľǴֲ£ֻû뵽ܺʵоԼҪٴαĥˡ
˽ţ𶼰ǽߣվֱӣһ
Ѹճ¯ȰװãԺ֧˸ľ壬ѰӰȥ
ָʢˮϰʣλЪЪ
׳Ŷ̬Ҳࡣ
áϱͻݡ
ǰǰ
ɰͰ͵ġϾǴȻԣ峤滮ĺãҼһе֣зסǸǾ˼ҡ
ԴҲѹŮ޹͵´ĸࡣ
ϾʱʳǰˡŮˡôȥġ
û˻ȥȢһ
˵ĽģֻǴûô佲һԲЩ衣
˱Ϊµ˾ͽˣû뵽ԼûЪϢߵĽߡ
ûȥϢ
ţ׳Ѱֵܣļҷô
ͻȥŸ˵ǸҷȷʵͻݣҲŸע塣λЦˡ
λǼЦ𾪰
˳˶ЪϢ꣬׳ȥѡˮǺһ
ɽʹճԣǼ֮󣬾ͻӼ͡
ʱ䣬ǸѷϸС©ãƬܳ޸
ÿʮĵĹǮ
ϸɻһ죬ܷǮǶʮĵʮ֮䡣
ֻæһ磬һٰӣԸʮĵĹǮ
˲Ըգ˵Լⲻȥ
ͭ塣
һУһŹȥӼңҪӼţһá
ɲΪԼԱһ¨Ƭ߻
ƬܶȱҪ󣬱ϾƹģĲ϶ʵˡ
ţһʾȫû⡣
ҲҪȥͲҾֵ㣬һȥҤ
ʶȥҤ·˵Աߣӣȷʵ㲻١
ȥ˵ؽˮ֡ϴ衢Գţ˯Ǻˡ
һ߿֣һ߽硣
ȴóߣŹֺֿĲ
ȵд֣ѾãİѶŻؿװԼոʲôû
Ҳûɣϴͻ˯ˡ
ȵڶ¨ŷ˼·һпļڣⱳ¨ûôĥˡ
ӦԼϴʱ¨ϵļ
żһ޹װԼʲô֪
ͻȻǰĶͷһǡ
ֵܸǣ˵
ˣȥƬպõ飬
أֱԶ˲Żع׷ȥԶߵıӰ
СʱĽֻܻȥŰι̡
󣬰ӳԱ˯ˣĽĻرơ
ǵľһֱġ
͸û͵͵ȳǸϹϰһ


31 
Ľĵļҽ,ûй͵Ե
̲ס뵱ʱհðӺۣ̲סԡ
˵϶ʲôðӡ
Ľȴֺóԡ
ǰԹκΰӶó,ұϽֿǼҵҲóԡ
ĵ鷿,Ȼ˻Ҳˡ
дŴǰûйͣ˵,ǰվˡ
˵Եɺ֮¡
ӡ,˴󹦾Ȼ,Ʒϼѡ
δұҵˣСҲҵӱӦл㡣
ɲմմϲⶼѧӦġ˭,ѧԵˡ
Ȼ֪һ,δ֪סַ˵顣
δ̾뵽˱ҵλԶš
Ӿô󣬿ƺ޹İ˵ͻմһϵ
ǰһ,Ȼѧ
δͰˡĬĬˡѰ˵ľһ顣
Ȼ,ֻ̳ܽ˵ѧ
֮࣬δȷһ飬Ÿ
˵Ʒ,ԺҲ߾ѧ㣬ֻϣԺͷأ츣һ
,Ҳ̫һ㡣
ûôԶıֻԼá˵ǺûϢˡ
˵Ժ㶼ԴȥܳƷŵùʲô⣬Ҳù˼ֱҡ
æл
ߺóֽʣȴþûʡ
ԭڹŴصľһ˵
ã˶㣻һˣŶŸָ㿪Сúѧϰ
ͻȻ뵽ͯԵʱپü˾һλаס
Ǳضѡһ
ȻҲ⡣
λʮһͯμͯԣλеһϣѹ·ͷĪҪǸڶ
Ҳ٣Ҫпٿһ˵ѧʶϣ˿СԪҲһΡ
ͯԷΪԣԡԺԺ͸ԡÿһԵĵһΪס
һףСԪ
˼ʱͻȻ洫ȻСӽ
ޱ룬ȻȻ˿϶ҪԼ˵ǡҽũӡĹ£ȥҪˡ
ѡʼĬ飬سȻҲԼ
ĴشˣȻײϣҪ˵Űݡ
гȻһѣҲ̫Ȥ
ིΣ͹ˡ
óȻߣԼһѧϰƻ
ΪھǰܰͯԿķΧһ飬ڿѮͿԽ顣
˶٣˵µʱǷǰοдľۡ
鵱ͯԵԾģԿΪÿٿУ͵ĥƫصķ
ÿοԶỻˣ˵ǰοľۡ
ѾһȥҪöˡ
һҾ֪ǰѹ׵Ķóˡ
˵ǰһʱã»üŬϣҿԿͳȻ
=
ҳ󣬾ͿȻһԵ
Ȼں˵ʲô˲Сۡ
ֻΪ˵Ĵ壬Բļ䡣
͵Ҫֱӻؼ𣿡
̧ͷͷ˵ҴȥЩƬٶһЩƵש
Ȼ۾һҸȥ
㲻ȥԷ𣿡
ȻС˼ֵ򼸸ӻձС
ҲǰһֱԼԼһֱûлᡣ
룬Ŵ֮ͬԹϵܣΪһź
ÿ˶Ǳ˴˵ľ֧
Ȼ˳Ͽʱ䣬ʱͺӴ
һԷûй
˵ǾһɣһͬĴ硣
ȻĦȭƣʾԴʮڴоԼ̱͡
Ȼձһ߿һߡ
ǿߵʱ򣬲ŷǱ߻˵
ãһЩ죬Ǵǰ죬һ
ǸӺԱһ͸˵Ҳ͵˵ʲô
ԴվԭسձٹȥӦҲæˡ
Ǹ͸ȴߵĳȻ
ֱӶԳȻ˹ӣүҪʲôԸҾͺˡ
ͳȻˣԾͼ߹ȥ
Ȼ˵λҵͬѣ裬Ҹ¡
͸ֶ˹үá
۲ԳƣֲûùŴܳġū澡ūŸŵйء
ϾūͣҲ𱰷ֵôԡ
ǳƺ˼Ϊүүȡ
ͷ⡣
˿ǮгȻڣ˺ܿ꣬Ǹ뿪ʱ򿴶ҿӰĶһ
룬ڵһʱæ۸ǴΣڳ
Ȼʲô
˵ˣϴ۸꣬Ҳᵱڶʲô
߽꣬ŻλƵţҤȥ
һŷǸүȻҲ
ӾȻҲЩš
ׯҺϾС͵ؼͷˣǲܵġ
ҳȻûʲôӣҽһ£ٶ˵仰ţϣĿˡ
磬Ľճɣţһܼˡ
ȫеĻ⡣
ѾЩȻˣһ㣬ûдԽ£һ
ԽִʮļͳоѧĽָˡ
Ҥһ߲Զ˵ʱ򣬻ڴ
ߵͼǮ
Ƽ˾񣺡λЦˣļһȣ˾ͷͲá
˵أߣߡû߽ʵˡ
ŶǮѡ˹ġ
ֻһ𣬼۸Ҳ˶١
ֶש³ȡ
ȥʱͰѱ¨ţϣԼһСĵķţϾⶼǮ
Ȼʵ͵ܴǷˣ
Ҳܻ䣺Ҽֻ䷿һϢһǳ
ǰմһд֣˾תˣԴһ鷿
û˵ȻѼ׾ݵô̹Ȼ˵
ͬǸǮ˼ҵĴү
ոǸ͸ͷʹ˼͸˵ôһͷ͸ү
룬ϣ϶ᴵţѼҾ˿䡣
ӺʹôԶүҲȥ
Ͼôʵ˵һүأ
˭ϵȻȻһҲ˳˵͵ܼҪ鷿ˣ˻û鷿Ϊд֡
ҵҵǲҪ鷿
ֱ׳
ҤشӻҪϣӰѳȻȻ·ϧ𣺡͵ܣ鷿Ǻ˺˽ȥ淿
Цٲ㡣
Ȼһ뿴̣
ĵһӦ̣Ҫĸ


32 
֪ЩƬ,רŰţϵһ㣬óߵøƽЩ
Ҳʱ̷ű¨,֤Ƭڱ¨ﻥײ
һ˦ţ,˵Ǵүϵôð
ЦǶѧ,ͬ
Ӹпͺ,ǰﻹҼ˵,ȥϵʱ࿴㣬Ҫѧˡ
λүҿͺܺãһҲׯҺѾͺܺá
ӱ߰,ʱׯҺһʮ,߰꣬ȷʵ˵
ֵʱһ̫֮ʱ,оԼɹеΡ
һַֻסµľ壬˺һŻ
ԺȴֶһЩļƬΡ
΢΢,ǰȻһŴֲ£İС֫ݵŮ
֪,ԭ
ոնļŮÿ·ʹľ,Ȼôũ
ڼ￴ԭ߰ʱӣݺݣƤӡ
ʱ˿ڶ࣬ĸס游ĸڣֵҲࡣ
һӣû˿ȥһũ
ĶضǰСŮҧ֮꣬󻹵ýˮ
СС͵վ﹡ϣȰｽһͰˮſͰȥһһͰˮ
߰кͦ󣬵ˮûʲôԣһͰˮᵽʱ򣬾ֻʣ¶Ͱˡ
￴ĿЦãԴȥСˣ
СȴҡҡͷﲻҪôۡ
СûϹѧãҲֻԼ뷨Ҫٴһ㣬ͻ˵ﰢɻɵ㡯
İСŮȻÿ춼ۣԭǻ¶Цݡ
żҲ͵͵ԭԡ
ʱԭŮһ룬һԡ
ŮЦţȴһڶ϶ԣȫСԭ
ۣԺе
ÿθӽӴ˾ͻԭףһһ䡮ǸˡҶչ㡯
ǰû̫дϾԼֻǸԽߣʵڲܴᵽ仰ĺ塣
ΪԼ֮ǰ϶˽⵽ԭļ䣬Ѿ㹻ˡ
û뵽ⱻ̫ɹκȻֶЩļ䡣
˵Ӹ磬
ſڣͻȻоЩ㿴ոǶμидȱС
˵ˣԭ׶ˡᣬҲֻͽˡ
˵Ҫ֪гϢˣкˣһοġ
ű¨ڲԶϣ˵Ըɡ
˵˵Ҳ秵ģϴֶ˼㽲
Цֻеʧ䡣
ͷҲãЩ
ȷʵãʮǰɣǻСҶȢˣ㻹ƨܡ

ĺĺԽ˵Խ𾢶
Ӽ˵һǵǻرԣֵۣȥˮæ㻹͵͵ȥ
ǻҲ°ɣҼǵرȡ
ˮʱˣ￴ôûˮȥæ㡣˵ָȥĶˡ
˵ܣ־ˮţɫҰף¾㡣
һ£û뵽һ⡣
˵ҲɣûԽ֮ǰҲ߰ʱҽԺס˺þòŽָʶ
˵ȥġüңҾ¾ˡ
Һ㵱ʱСݣ֪ԼˮͰҾͰ㱧ˡ
Ȼ㵱ʱȥˣҺû¡
˵Ӹ粻о֮Щһֱչңû
Ӱڰ֣˵ҪǼʱ֪ʱɫҲһѡ񡣡
ƽô͵һˣʱ˵ڿŶ
·ûˣŮ˾Ҫһͷײǽϡ
ǿû뵽ŮΪ˱ܵ˵˸ͻݵϱ
Ҳİˡ
ҲԼܵ
̸䣬Ҳ쵽ˡ
˵ȻгϢˣҲˡ
ô˵оڰͽ㡣
һǾ仰õӸģҡ
ԼԽ֣̬˵ӸԺǧ˵仰ˣҵĺҶǵãԺţҲҸ硣
=
飬ƬԺ
ָܿԽԽã·ʱѾôվˡ
ôֱӴȥͲһӵˣ֫˳ͤ
˼Щ⵽׳Խ˭ȥˡ
ʱջ٣Ȼ᳤ġš
û˼޹ǰתȦ
ȫûע⵽ĳ˰
óԼõӣױһ£Լȷ硣
ϱģ
ĽĵͷԼ߶
˵Сùģ˵Լ༸͸ᣬҽ
ĽĺƤҪԼõģûױ
ޣĲ
ֻȹǣ©硣
ޣ۾ģüҵɰ붼Щˡ
ɾظȷ硣
±롣
˵˭ѧıӣ
Ľĵмҵ¨ӵģ֮ǰȥǶʦ̵ġ
ʦÿֻһ֣ҪȻÿ˶ѧȥˣô׬Ǯ
Լҵ꣬˵ǲſڹǼң
ĽĵͷǣǼյʦһǺܺá
룬Ǽҵ갡
Ǽҵȫ˵¨
ʱС
磬ݡϣļӣＶ¨
ֻϧ겻ȥŲ֪ǼҵĿ
ң϶Ҫֽܲ͸硣ʦв˽ġ
˵¸µˣȥ档
Բ۵ɳ˹Բ
𣿡
Ȼģ¸һȥȥݷһ򡣡
һ㶣Ҫҩ𣿡
˵žȻЩɫ¶Ҳûô𾢶ˡ
ķӦŪÿЦãǣ֮ǰɵĲҩյģչǼҺܶ࣬
˵ȷʵ飬ûҩĵز
Ļ֪Լˡ
ֹɵĴյߣĴȡ
оԼһСھ´½ʵ¿ࣿ
ǳɣƺ˼Լ׸òý˵Լ¿ࡣ
Ͼ̵ܽ
ķӦѾ֪˴𰸣˸⣺Ǻϲĸ
˵ǡ
û˵͵͵ɫС˵ǻû꣬ʱҪ
֪
ʱЩɻ󣬼Ȼ֪ΪʲôҪ
˵ԺԹԺҩ͸㽱ǳԡ
꣺
ǲҩ
Цûжһ£֣ĹȫҪαװ
Ϊӹ͸Ź
ôˣȻֲԼڿЦ
˻عΪ֪ԼڿЦˡ
˵ҩͺҩ
лҪ˵
ĽģһҾͺҩ
Ҿܾ
ĽģίͰͣðɣһҩ
һ£òã


33 
꣬ͻȻһ䵱籬Ļ
ǳԿɰ𣿡
û˵,ֻǰ,ݲҶֽ,ȻҶֽøһ״
ȥˮۺһ㽬ȵ,ѽȵĨȹ,ȻҶֽȥ
Ȼû,Сʱ궼ô,ͻѧˡ
ҶֽֽҪ񣬶ұ⻬,浹Ҳ
꿴ųƷ΢΢Ŵ͡
Ϊý,Сֹ֮ǰӵӣ
ǿЦáҲܹĽģʱʦô̵ģһǿƷ,ĽҲôˡ
ֻֻȹǵӵһʽ
ӷڴ̨ɹ̫Ҳˣţ׳ʣµݶ
׳˵ţ˵㻹̸,鷿ǺãƳȥ̵
˵á
ɺӿ,˳־ͰѰӱֱ׼ſ,ŲԶæĽġ˲͹
ɲˣ׳Ҫˡ
ԹԣҼҵĹŮҾһֱޣڶҳǰ
Һӹԡ
룬ûҼҰЦøһ
ԼְֻܱĬ
һᡣ
ţЦֲҹŮӵȻ㲻ס
ѧѧ˼һǾչ˺ӵģ
׳û˵룬ܼ޸ĸ˴ˡ
׳Щڣ˵֪ôãҾ͸øҵ˵ü޸㡣
æͷ껹ڳвˣû仰
˵׳ɱЦҷˣҾ͵ùл
һ䡮л˵аۣûһ˿һ
ˣҪ㴫ȥʮļҹȢ
׳ţһۣӶԷп˺ڡ
Ҫ֪˺Ӿӻͷǿ϶ԼӼ޹
֪ǲĴв˵Ķһ١
һ³յصĳߴ磬ԼĪܣֻźשͿԸǷˡ
ĸĩ˿Ұ˺Ϳס
Ϲϰӣ̶ࡣ
ûԼڳ˵˳ԡ
źӺ壬ûʱԷֻ˸ϣÿ˿һڡ
ܾ걧ӣ˵ȳԣ˻ҳԡ
ȵϽˮ֡Գšϴæ꣬ҹĻѾǳ
ֻϴ˯û뵽˻߾Ȼһů塣
ǰӵ٣Լ
ûֻ̫ڱС֡
ŷ֣ԭϣӱŲ˴档
˵
ʡԺ벻
ץס֣ô˯
겻˵Ҳؿ֣˻ʵڼֲס˯ŵʱԴļ
ʵʱĽ˵ˡԺܹô⼸˵ûרѹɤţ϶õġ
ҺãܾˣںǾ䡮Ҿ͹л仰ޡ
ˣĺȫ˸ոյʡԺš
ǾجˣҪ˻аȫС
ڶǱȻӣӵĿѵġ
һģꡣ
գʵ˯ۣˡ
ɫѾƽʱöڸι׺
˿̣Сӿ޵ɤӶҪˣǣ֣ûʶ΢Ŀ
֮͸һϽŰι׺괩·´ȥ
ڼٿ۴ΣҸطԼ
ӳԵ׺̲סôˮĴ۾ŵ
ǴСĵȥĶˡ
ӣ·˵ûСġ
һ񣬸оҪٴο޳
Ǻöˣٿޡ
ֹһգש͵ſڣʣµһǮҲˣ׸о˼
שǱִשҪϲ٣㡣
գһССݾͱǺˣ׳Ѱȥ
׳˵߻֧һľ崲ԺӴˣͿһ˯ߡ
ںˮ仰ֱӱǺˡ
׳ɻ󣺡˵ʲô𣿡
֣û˵ĺܶԡ
Ҳöԡ
⣬İ굱ܵܡǶġ
Ľôĺӣִڶأ˯һŴûʲô
֮ڵӣСֻι
ĲιðĿһ㣬һǲԼ
ãѾԽԽˡ
һգ׳ָ˵ȵʱֻҪŻ𣬾һֱȵȥ
ȫů͡
ȻԼãĩ޵ʱ͡
һޣ¸¿ʼҪȥҽʵϰˡ
¸Ҳ˵һ£СѣҶóԵġ
ͦߣҲû
ֻˣĸˣҲۡ
գȥɽɲҩȻϣɽŵĲҩѾҪժˡ
˵㣬ǿڲٵġ
룬´ܾͻˣζһ㣬ԺͲòҩӪˡ
ȻӲ¨ˣٸһɽϵĲҩȻϲˣΪ͸첲ȶˡ
εĲҩٿõһӡ
ȥ˲ҩ˵һβҩˣǸʮľͲøˡ
¼۸˵Ҳãɵôҩģһʱǹˡ
ȻҩЩҵܡ
ϸ˼۸񣬻һ£˵ܹһǧʮġ
Ǯ÷ҩЩʹ
ɽźͰɽҩĶɵĲ࣬ԺҪҩɽ·һ棬ߣϡٻǺҰвͶһС
ۺֻܷ׬Ǯˡ
һӣִ֮һǮʮĸ
ҾͲСˣջӭ
ЦӦ¡
ӺͭŽõǮȥëֽһҶֽƹϳˡ
ī͵͸СֵܵͷСֵôֽҾ﹧ףˡ
˵лϰ塣
ĵҶֽʮһëֽһȥٰʮġ
ȵǮӵͿȻӣ·߳ԡ
ոһŶ̴ûдƽϿεۡ
̴Ϊ˲ҩ㣬ǳȻĶ̴Ҳ˿ϣӾһȥĴү
ȻģѾܿɹˡ
Ҳһ
һԡ
ûһһ߳ԡ
ûʳȻﵽʲôģֻóȻѲ
кܶʱ䣬·ġ
Ȼ˵ҵ֮ǰﵱ죬͸ˡ
֮ǰĺɰҲΪԼ︻󣬲ͳһġ
˵Ȥ
ȻͻȻˣҪ֪ôһܿġ
ͻȻĲ䣬ƽһܵɻġ


34 
ȫⲻλ䵥ȻĳЩ
Ȼ̽,Ҳֻա
ܽһ䣺ʵɧ
γԣ
,Ҫ˵ȥ,ָȻԼ϶ٱǩ
ǳȻȻʮϲ,˵иƮ¥,֪ɣ
ͷ֪
ǵԭΪƮ¥ͷ˷ӵ顣
ң˻϶֪ԭϲƮ¥ͷϲ޷԰Ρ
ȻˣȻ֪
Ӿôβ֪
Ȼ˵ð,ǽ,һȥƮ¥ͷƣͣ
ԭ,»ʮֿġ
ȴûʱʿá
īرϲΪĳĳʫдʡ
н񱣬,оϡ
ҺԭûǮȥͷ,ҪȻָºϴȥ
̾治֪ԼΪʲôҪȻԼһ߻ش
ֱӸ߳Ȼַ,Լ·
һ·Ͻ˳ȻݱߵԼҲ˵,ָðһЩɫСĵء
ԳȻ˵ҼҵĲ˵ء
Ȼһۿȥأѵ
˵ֻлƹϷѿ,Ļû
ȻҵһЩСŵ磬˵ƹ糤Ӱ
ٹһ¾лƹϳˡ
ȻλүҪԺʱҪҳԻƹϡ
ȵ˴ӿڣȻͻȻЩš

˵ϣڸ׼뵽ʵȻʵԼСӰɡ
˵Ҳ,ΪֹֻҸӱӡ
Ȼ˿Ҳ֪Լ飬ǱСô
Сһ꣬Ӷˡ
ôôѡ
кȻţƿſԿһͦԺӣ鷿ռȥ֮һҲԵñơ
¨кȻȥ鷿š
鷿к˶ôһ㵵Ρ
Ȼڱ鷿ʵûķﵽ
˵ûвҶ̶𣿡
ȻͷʲôС
Ȼȥ߰ѱõ̶Ȼ˹ȥ
˵٣ЪϢһ£ȥû
Ȼ֪˼ҲҽҲͶ鷿֡
һȻֱˡ
ǵöʮǰһμдֻֻÿ
֣ÿһᡢ񶼴Լ־ȥƲۡ
ȻѷĴʻҳһʣǡ
ÿһֶſſͺԼĽһ
ҲвĵطǾһƲһ࿴ôг
ͺΪд̫ˣԲԵƲĲôÿ
Ȼеɻ󣬸оÿֶòͺһֵĺܶʻһдġ
ߵſڣ괩°ɫ̴ڰǰæӡ
עӣ˵жʮͰˡ
ŰĽӣֺ߽ҿǣ˵ˮˣһֽӡ
˵㲻ȥͬ˵𣿡
ʱ˵һ·Ѿƣˣóհӡ
ȻҲǰѽ½ȥҰѰӱ
ʵͳôһʱ䣬뿴꣬˵仰
ϾܰѿˣŻٵİȥ鷿
ȻСӾϲüҡ
˵⺢ӹȻ㣬κÿ
üһɰ룬Сӿʮ㡣
ЦŵлСаӣȡ
ȻֺãʺСӣһȡ֣һ񡣡
ȷʵڹŴһˮɡ֮СУȷʵܶˡ
ǳȻе󣬰ӾȻˡ
СӲˣζ
ŲϤζĻŻţܿʹ
æѰӽӵԼ
ȻȻͿ˰ӵı
˲䲻ˡ
ֻΪոտ޵еңԻЩણ֪ĻΪȻô۸ˡ
ȻĿɿڴҪȷǸûµСӣ㶼ҪΪԼˡ
Ȼ˵˰⺢Ժ϶û˸۸
һֱĹ˭۸ָѪù
ЩԺԼ̲ǳǰûι׺Ҳûɫ
Ǹɵ̡
Ϊ˱Լ̽ûͬǰԼӡ
ȥǺҼԢõ֣ȡ֡
ź˰һֵŰӵĳȻļ
Ȼڰӵע£ذȻ
ﺬһᣬʱ׼ޣ
ҺһֱڰӵҰ۾ˮģ߼뿪һӡ
ȻһСϻ㣬⺢۾ܴС¹һɣüһɰ룬ֱޱϲ
⺢ӸոһͿޣҲ⺢һ˼
ȻоԼСĸζҪȻˡ
п˵ҾôûأҪһô磬кӣ԰ҪӶס
˵Ŀϧˡ
룬ȻôʹҼҰӵ⣬Ժöӷˡ
ԺһԵķԺӿһǱһũҷȤ
·ǳɫվһޱȰ䡣
Ȼ˵ҵ͵Ϊ¿ξͼҴһؼңԭϱͻòμ棬Ӵһ㱡񣬻¡
ĽĿ֪òա
ɫȻشӳȻϽӹɵ
̣ܶһǸӵġ
ȻΪͬϵٺҲܸϱֻһӡ
Ҳû׹ʲôģһҲ̹Ȼ¡
ֻӱƵĹպΪ¡
лӶлˡ
һԷ
ȻһĻ֪ԷʮֿأҪȻҲͬǰ̧ɵݡ
˵ֲˣũҲûôིմһԶٷز⡣
ȻͲСڣҪȻҲ·߳԰ˡ
˵͵һ¡ȻһԷ
ʳ˽ӣײڶġ
ϹϡŹҰˡ
겻֪òҰˣ˼һ£˵ɣͦóԡ
ҺдķζϳԲ
Ȼλүȷʵٶ⣬һҰ˼Ҫ
Ľ룬ȻûũÿղٵҰˣڴүȻΪϡ档
ȻϽ˵Уٰһ̲ˡ
󣬳Ȼߵʱ򣬴һҰˡ
ϻ˵ҵҪ֪ҽⱣͣһжҪޡ
͵ӿڣȻ˵֪·ˣ϶˳صϡ
˵ؼҰϴ롣
ӽпʱȫʮָӡ
ϴҲʮϲһ¡
⻹һ ׺ӣǰԼĶλһҽһǸס
ΪէֻŬԺӾ׵ΣȴȱЩ顣
յһİѰӵԼҶˡ
˰Сһ¡
ͻȻ͸Цˡ
⻹Сһ Ц


35 
СЦÿĵģ,ǿԼһµ뷨,鷿
ϾδµСӲܶ,ϸ̫࣬Ӱ쵽Сӡ
żһ»ǿԽܡ
鷿ֱźӣִ,պī
ѰӴ˿̵ģ
ϱӾûôӴ
ڸսѧǻμһЩŻ,ửѡɻ֮ľ
¸ߣҲԼ᲻ử㻭Ĳ,Ҳ֡
Ϊëö,ԾϤʻ,ȼ,һɰӤǱ˳
ȥ׷ʷĻĻмΪ֮Ƶĵط
Ǿơ
еС鼸ĸСӴ˿̵Цݣһ̡֪
ĽĲ̨ݣûСӡ
ҪǷǰϣĽĿ϶ѾŲѡ
ڣֻǰ߳վԺ͸鷿ֽӰ
鷿ûأĽĵİӰ찢,ȥŵİӱȥϢ
źѾʡ
ͻļ򵥣ֻ񣬲ͻϸ塣
Ųֱӣһ˫Ľġ
ģ
Ľ͵һ֪ԼôȥģͷƤ飬嶼Լʹ
ֻ˾㴩Ŵֲ£ҲһһֱźӣӰ
֪ԼҲȫȻͺӡ
βɰ붼ƽҪ޲١
ߵߣĽĲŻعһ
Сӣ
ԼҸоٻ񿴣;û©Ķ࣬ʲô֡ͼûܡ
ϵġ׳󡯡
еϲԱŻ֡
ҿ԰ѻڷ𣿡
ӣ˿ģʵڲˮ
룬ҲҲԼˣ꿪ˡ
˵ͷá
ȵýճŻĸǣû
Ѿһ˯ˣСذڴϡ
걳ԼӰ˵»ظ㻭
ɿתе㺦ߣԸȴˬʵģƹǰ㺬
¾˵á
ȵｽˮϰ˴֡
ȥԺʮԳţ˴ûֱͣЪϢǹԼ
ʮһʮʢҹķҲȵģˮ°ͺһε£Ȼ
֣ڵʣԼʼñȽ۵ĳɶȣһοʮ
мЪϢӣֿʼ
һʮһ顣
ȥоԼŶͷѾԳ
ټ˾ƣԷϢܹɣٳ⡢Դ˫ص£ź͸Ҳм֡
֪ҪԼϱģٻꡣ
Ͼϲţ⣬Ҫ䵰ʣֻܿ⡣
ϴ裬ͷʪģҲǻܿͱʪ
ԹŰӣòʸͷϵˮŽݡ
û뵽Ȼû˯
¹Ӵ͸ӳ۾ˮġ
ô˯
˵Ҳÿ᲻
һȻȦô˽⣬Ҳֵ֪ŵִһȺۡĸ۵Сĸζ
ˣȻԼûš
˵Լÿ
ң˵ҪİɣȻΪǳĴ˯ţ
Цãѵƶ죬˵ŷּûоӣӻͷڴβĴϡ
ÿվӣܿʮÿˡ
귴ӦһŷӦ仰˼
˵Լÿ
׵ʱ򣬵Ҳ˵úãˣû˵ƵĻˡ
ٺûˣҲûˣķɡ
˾˵ûƮԷͷƺÿ
ټոɻġָмӣǰʱȫһˡ
ԽԽÿˡ
ոϴˮ裬΢ָӱȥס֡
ӡ
ĺůͣҲס֣˼Լ׳󲻳󣬾͵вӿ⣬ܿ˯ˡ
ڶһ磬ʰңװʮϡ
һӱ꣬ڼĴ¡
ǰ˵ҽһ˼ǵúúóԷ
ɵĵͷָı¨װ˸󼦵
ӻ֣ͰӸԼȥ
ȻȳȻ絽鷿һյʱ䣬ʼĬдǰõҵ
ޣûϿΡ
Ȼʱ򣬼һ仰ǣ͵ܣҰ̫óˣ

ͳȻѾҪѡ徭ˣȻ֮ǰѧʣҪ౳࿴
ܲǿǡ
ȻеչȵԭڣὲıȽ
Ͼ֮ǰѧǸʲôҲס
ͬġٱԼҪǲʡ
Լȸѧһ½ڵɻһ½ڡ
Σְˡ
üͷ΢Щࣺ˵Ҫȥ
Ƶǡ
ӦòǳȻ˵£ϰ岻Сĸġ
˵֪¾Ҫԣﲢ׾죬ũԼѾܵʱ䡣
㻹ҪΪ˼ȥһһ׼ͯԣ
˵ѧҲȫΪ׬Ǯ׾һ棬һõĴҪҽݲһ޴
ѧǡöһֻ֮᪻ӲͷƤϡ
²ü鷿˼
ú׼ԣҲЩԽá
û뵽õĴҪ
Ӿô󣬶ҽ˱û١
һв˵òҽΣǾ¹ˡ
˵Ĳòһ޴
ʣֻºͰȥ򣿡
Ӧǣ֮ѧƵ飬һ׼ԡ
ҲֻܰڰͬˣֻǶɱĩãҪķѧҵ
Ҫŵʱʮֺ˵ѣʱ
һҾѧл
=
ҽݵʱ򣬸պÿʵϰڡĵһ졣
̵ϰ˼ŹǹСѧͽܹƴǲ£˺Źǡ
ϰҲƤһԷ
˵ˣĲǮʮġ
˼ⲻñ棬ÿֻһ
·㣬и»ϵʱ
Ͻлϰ˵ӦģﻹӵһҪ¡
룬Ҳ̫ˡ
ϰȻҲûиԣָز
ϰԸգϽ˵ӵѲϵҽݶԸգӻ
ֻεǮһ¡
룬εôõģ
⻰Ҳ̲סһ顣
ϰɱȷʵҪεѾܴİ˰ɡ
˵زҲƴǣֱ¡
ΪԼβˣҩĿ
ȷܹץҩҩ
֮ǰŹؾˣܴ󣬲˿Ҳеס
ε˵ʱ򣬺ŶӵͻȻ
ǲƮ¥ôˣ


36 
Ʈ¥,ֳƮԷ
ԴԽ,͸ϵ¥
ÿæĸƵ,ûлȥϸԭͷ֮Ĺϵ
ӵҲԭ˼޹
֮ԭͷһͷȣ˼ͷƸ
ʴ,Խôãû·ϡ
ʱ仹Լ,˷ϡ
뵽һȻƮԷˡ
ǰĲԼĲ,֢֮ҩ,Ŀ
ȻںΧ˵ʲô
,,Ǻ˵ְҽʹȻѡ
Ǹ۶ӣǾͱˡ
ҩʱ´õҩͬȴϸ΢
Ϊÿ˵Ĳ飬ϸ΢ĵĳһֲҩ
˺Щ֣ŷϰеٰ
Ҳûеһʱȥһ鲡˵Ĳ顣
˿֮,ŷ֣ԭҩĶ֢ҩ
վֻϵҽݣѧͽĴǶҽޣһ󣬴һϾǹ̶ӡ
֢ϾͿҩϾ˵ҽΡ
Щôġ
ŷӸҩ벡˵ĲӦϺֻûȻʡ
ǰӲĶ񽥽ڻͨơ
Ǹ˼ҩЩǵʣ򣬿ҩ⣿
źӣ⣿ڸпҽҩ챣ҩ
˾ˣ⻰ֻĲŻ˵ô
ûǮ
Ȼô˵ˣҲ˵ף֮ǰôü
ܹץҩվ󣬸ߺһλ
ȺСȻֹֻһƮʶü
Ϊҽϰˮζ̱ǵˮЩܲܣŵһľǿԽܡ
˴ɴһߴ֣һʮѾߡ
ѾһֱŴɴŮӣ˵ǹɫ̫ãơ
⻰̧һֻܿɴôƲ˵ɫ
ҲûգȰǣʲôֱ˵Ϊǡ
һüͷٴ
飬Բ⻬ʮ
ϲ
ȷһ̧֣ʲˣԼԼ˽⣿
ǴɴŮ˲˵ֱֱֻĶһɴܲߡ
룬Ǵ˵еλͷˡ
ҽԣһ顣
ͷȻֱĿ˵
ֱ˵ĲûΡ
飬˵¥ŮӣҲӰ
ȺȻѵǻ
˿̣ǴɴŮӣԱߵѾҲɫ
ŭǿɲȻҼҹ
վ˵ȿ˿ڣеΣλﲡҪԼҲ޷ҽΡԣҲúҴ⡣
˵꣬£ܹһλ
ҽ
ֻǹﲻߣģоԼǱġ
ǰΪòԼ
˵ʲôɣͬˣ֤ȥݵɡ
ֻʱţԼԲ޸һɫѧˡ
¥СΪûٳЦ˼ԸȢأ
ÿһͷá˵棬ŮӱѡΪͷƺŸĵĳƺ
Ȼһ¥Ҳֻһλͷơ
⻰ֻһüһĮػӦһӶܲҵǮ
ң׬Ǯ
ôԼ޹ȥҪµظũ
ҡһ䣬˳ƵСҽ
ҲѾϸʱ䣬żװ¥ִԼ
ֻſޱ뷨
Ͼôǻ˿Ա֮Ϊҽ
μøı뷨
ȷʵ仯ܴ˵ôḡ̸¾ִֹһֳȰ
ոոͷһ£еİԵͱ
ȻȻֻҽԻߵ̬ȣֱкһλˡ
㣬ҽݵࡣ
ͷƹﻳе
һۺӣ˵ȷԼû
ҡҡͷΣͬĽ
˵ϲʱƫͷϲϲԡ
ǾԲġ
˼һ£˵ûڴ֮ͥ˵ǶԵġ
ҪǱϵ֪ƮԷͷϲˣǻһȥ֣ʱ˵Ļָ˶ٱ
˵λƺ֪Լϲˡ
ͲǿԲĵˣ¥ÿ»ָⷽÿ飬žѮ⼸졣
ҵȵȣʱͷƹҪԲϢһˡ
Ȼô˵ˣҲûٶʡ
¥ĺܲѾһũӿҵˡ
ۿʱȥβˣܹͳš
˵ļӣ
ָָܹ·ֵϣƹĥͭɺˡ
л󣬳Ǳȥ
Լˣеľһ沣һһˮʮ֡
û뵽ʱû־ӡ
˵ҹпܲŻӵϹĲ
ƽϰõĻͭ
ͭҲУܱȼҪվӶôˮͷöˡ
ôοԼǾͭʹ¶в㡣
ĵָܹǼҵ꣬ȥ󣬾͸оԼˡ
Ŵ˵û˵ſڲżϰڵ߰˸ӣΧοյĵΡ
еľԱߺͱ˻ݣеĵȸࡣ
һԱȽСɵģгƴ󣬸պÿԷڴ̨ϡ
澵ӱĵҲԵЩͬһɺףһȾɫ¡
˼۸󣬾۸Ҳܾ¡
ƹƣ̸˹ģǸ˵𾢶
⾵ӣԼӳ棬ʮ
룬ôԼûһĶ
⾵Ӳȥɡ
ȥһӣġ
һ澵Ӿİġƹ˵ˣǼҲżϵľӶǸߵԺ˲ˣǹʱѴĥ
Ѿװ¨ƹòһ⣬رʵɿǸ򣿡
ҡͷ򡣡
ƹ¿񶼲һˣƼǼҵӡ
˵Ժƹ»ˣһġ
ƹЦǾͺãҼҵľӾá۸ҲģԺҪˣܻ⡣
صҺ󣬾ͰѾ͸ꡣ
ӦģԺɱ˵Լÿ
Ǹ극Щˮ˺ŽӹǾӡ
־Ľǰɺ׺ƲʣȾɫ
鸮ĸĺӲеС
ĽˣҲֻ۰Ͱ͵š
ʵ͵ľԱҲлݣֻ˺ܾãÿÿģˣԼĥ
ȫС
˵㶫ӣͳȥ˵ؽˮ
ʱ򣬿ԻصҺЪϢһȥˮ
һʱûʱЪϢˣøϽˮҪȻһڣͻûôȫˡ
žӰ֣СܹĽ˵ֻȹǣҪֽӡ
С룬ױһİȹ͸û뵽ֱӰѷˡ
ר̸Ҳ˵һ£ⷸͬĴ
ϾϴΰȻȹˣӰҲ֪Ҫһֽ
СʱֱӿĽϵľӡ
ɴ۾⡢⾵ӺƯ
ĽЦСѣͷš
С͸ģã
⻰ȻĽѼ䶺ȤĳɷָߣСԼԿĺߵӡ
ϾԸһᾭߡ
СܿͷԼˡ
ΪĽĻ֣صءᶨصͷԣ
лҪ˵СΪʲôҪιҳԹ


37 
Сߺ,ص,ܸоԼ˵ʲô
ڴҲ󻧣ӶࡢԺӴ,ﲻ֪Ҫٱ
ֱС̨ϻɹ,,ȥҰԭΪ˸ӵ顣
û뵽ϵľӸƫ˻⡣
Ȼ,Ҳûع졣
,Сɷվ´,ָϡ
ҷɹϵô,ôûѧѧ
СԺţԣѧʲôҸѧӡ
ѧӰ
С,Ҳ밡Ŭôûû,ĺġ
ôһ,Сǲô,Լ˵ֺܺÿģ˺,ԱߵŻƵͭ𣿡
УôҪһ,ȥ칤һ
Сˡ
һӾôǮµ߲һӣ
ҰĵǸӣƯ,¡
С룬˵̵ֵĻɺףȾɫģöǮ
˵ģҼɺͼ
СʾԼ֪ˣĸпĺ۰İ
ģһˡ
ྡˡ
С˵ҲҪôĶľӾͺܺãˡ
˶٣С˵ܵǮһ飬Ҳȥ϶顣
С޵Ķӣˡ
С۶ʵڣһ˶ͦϲ
˵òҪۼҺӶ࣬һ顣
ׯںǧ۸ֵֵͣһ˶ûԡ
õģҲˮֲˣ
С룬ҲֻһӵĻֵصüˣ̫ˡ
=
ؼҵʱ򣬾ӱؾصİڴϡ
Ϊʲôڴ̨ϣСڴ̨úʡ
һ̨ױײ󣬰ȥá
ʧЦ˵ͭˤƵġ
֣صĶԴһӣͻȻЩۡ
⺢ǰûõٺöԲŻһССľء
Ȼ֪ǸûӵϹϰӱ͵Ե˺󣬿ܸۡ
긩Գϴ裬ݺ͵ƣһ˯
ţ˵ƣڴ࣬˵ô˯
⣬˵Ρ
סӽӲԭأ֪ηӦ
ãõƽȵĴ˵ҲΡ
֪ǲĴܸоԴԽԽƫԽԽƫϡ
оͦãһҹΡ
ڶһ磬ߵ鷿ĬдҪеľۣڵɡ
ȵȻ飬һ飬˳ԼҲϰˡ
˱ʮֹŰ壬صѧĳɶȿɲһǰ㡣
Ѿ֪÷顣
רŵųȻõ𣬷ŵ£ƣ
Щգ˵ԭǰͷƣ̬ȴʮ䵭Ѿ׷ˡ
ѧ֪
ʳɫҲ˷ڷ³ģһμǡ
˵ѧסˡ
磬ȥóԷŲ߶һ֮ͣһ㲨ûС
ķһɣСѧͽܹķܺ㣬ƹˣ˸ƮԷĴ֡
˵Ǵ֣ʵֻ֪˸γƺ
ʼе֮⣬Ѿˡ
˵ǿͣǾһԶٷɡ
ѾˣҲÿڸˡ
󣬴óӣ˶ָСѧͽܹһ
˵λķڷѣлλûִ󡣡
˲ˣƮԷѾ֪ͷƻ˵顣
ǾȻҲ֪ͷãϳϲȴʲôû˵ȫͷƵ
Ǵߵʱ򣬻˸ǸǰҵĴ˲С˹
ȥˡ
ԭǰΪͷƣᰡ
壬»һ䣬˵ΣǼ٣
˵ҪȾҩһʱ䣬ԸΡ
ǸȾңҲΪ
ֵл˵Ժ˵Ҫ鷳򣬻Ҫ黳
ԼλãʼһΡ
ûʲô۶ӣСϢͨ졣
ڶְ̯ľӾ֪Ϣ
ԱߵĻæţԼﵽãȻ
Ӳ뵽֮ǰںӵߣԼˣҲֱһһƣ¾κˡ
ǻǫ˵ԼֻЩƤë
ûõԱҪŵô
׼ߵʱҲﵽʱ䣬׼ؼˡ
ӵıӰϽסӡ
Ӹ磬ҩ
æ֣ǲǣҾַ˵ǴиСҽһ¾㣬һ¡
ֽܹظñ¨ʱˣ͵øѧ
ҲˣȻСҲʵѧġ
л͸һ߳á
Ҳڻش壬һ·
˵ܻȥ𣿡
ӵţϵţÿֵֻһʱȥ̫ķɡ
Ӹп˰׬ǮҪ㲻ϱȥҰæ
˺⣬˵ҵÿŰġ
˵仰ԼͻСһչ˰ӣĺѷ
Ǹ׼人ӣЦҲʮˣһ󣬱Сڡ
֪ϲȵʱ򣬸ϽܵܣҲкˡ
һ죬ӵţϣ·ߵѾֻ꣬ʣ¶̶أװԼʲôû
˵Ҳ͹ģҶ
ڴһ仰ܱ˵𣿡
ӴЦֻƤȵô󣬾ͳˡ
˵Щճûˣǻѵû֣һſڳྵĶô߱Ҹ𣿡
ʱҺٳš
û֡
˵԰һģʱҲţճףϱһ𶼲
ޱ룬ķÿ춼ܴ࣬ôôأ
˵廹ûãܡ
˵ְ

һеϢ
Ҫ֪ſʼÿϻߡΡǰ˯ʱм仹иСأ
ӲĲ˻⡣
Ӹ磬ƽʱ𣿡
˵ʱ䶼ǣۿһҲ졣
Ҳ˼ÿôãȲĺپ
Ȼ˶Աһļȣţǿһµġ
лӸˡ
ֻļ򣺡
оӡشԼֵ´½
룬ȻܰѹŴ̫ˣʱûеûֿעĶϳ˯˯
Ȼһ˯Ƕʣһʡ


38 
ص,ԺĵطľһľͰ
涼ʢˮ,̫ˮɹȡ
ѱ¨鷿鷿,һ㶼ֱȻ鷿,鱾ͱīֽ,дҪѧļƻ,ԼҲڷܡܷɡ
ҵڻ,˵Ҳ
ϾǴԽʿǰԭĻֲ,ԺлĶĹٻͷ,Ѿʲôʣˡ
¾͵òμԣ,ԼЩСѧϰˣѾ𲽺ˡ
ʱʱ̲̿и,ԾԼ츳Ҳûǿ󵽾˵ĵز,һ,ֻͺģʤͬĽָ
¶,ÿͻϰ嵽ʮŴ֣ëֽ˫ϰ
ˮֵأ͸첲Ѿʹ,Ȼš
ԼѾСгЧ
ﲻĵز,ÿϰȻͣ
Թ涨ÿ壬ʱеȴûҪ
õľ壬õȵԵʱԼӦѾдòˡ
һƻ
һϰǣУĬɡ
ڶܳǣ£ԼĪһʱ
ϰֱʻƲ
ȻеĶƻʼ֮ǰȳȥ˵ؽˮ
±ʣ鷿ӺԺ߳׼Ժˮ˻ҡ
ǰӹˮ裬ʵɹЩˮʲô
ʮֳʵĻش𣺡ϴ衣
Ųһ٣Ҫƽˤ
͵մȹ·ſڣһЩָ⣬ȻǷϴ裬ȹ˵ˡ
룬꺢ӺҲûж¶˵Գ衣֮ǰĸ飬ûϴ衣
Ѿȥӽһ£Ȼȹô˵ˣԼҲϴȻûоܾĵ
ȴˮ裬Ųһתȥ
󣬼˶Ҳû˿޵ɫΡ
ֻˮ£ˮͰȥ
𣬿Ҫˮ
ſ˿ڣֻϴˮ˷ľˡ
˵飬ˮտԺϴ裬Ҳŷġ
ʱѾɱ˵ˣֻֻڸճСϴ裬Żտˮһ㣬ϴûô
괽ɿɰľѣһ䡮Ҳŷġտĵ¡
Ҳر˼ڤ£Ȼ֪Լʲô
һ˲䣬ͱЩ١
תͷÿеƣֻôʲô˵Ĺɡ
ûסϹһ¡
￴Źˮտưʢȥ˵ؽˮһˮ²̵ʱȥϴ衣
һ飬ɵĵͷԼŷȥˮ
ȵˮĿյѾߦ棬һ׼ˡ
ò˵ҳĹʵһǴſƤۣҲܰʮֽ
ǽǵ̳̳ùһ齽ȥһлΰֱͣޱζ
īˡǣУҲˡ
˳˷֮ǰտˮˮҲϴá
ˮװˣһ˽ȥ
վԭ˼һ£Ҳ֪Լûʲôæġ
˵ҾԺҪæĵطֱӺҾǡ
ӦԾسš
ԺվһֱˮԼҲȥˮϴ
Ȼ˾ģȥ鷿顣
ʣųһΣͻȻﺰԼ

æ±ʣߵſڣ͸ȥôˣﲻ
ЩС˵ܲȽ
ãҾ֡
д֣մīˮ
ȥʱ걳û·վ֮ǰŰĵط
һľ裬滹п鲼
˵ܲܣҲ
û˵Ѿ£Ѳšİɣȥ
ƣıȴܰסݣ󱳵ƬԵش־¡
ôˬʣ˿̱Ҳʮࡣ
ԭûŽԼġ
ϴϴž𰢵֮ǰĻ֪Լʱ޶ʮֵԺĻ£˲ٻҲʱö
ϾʱĺҸȫԼɷͺӡ
һǿ̫ˣ׵ָָ㣬ûǿǾһ
ʱ˵ɷҲвѳ
֪ѳĶ𣿡
ĽĻС˼һ£˵Լܴ飬ͷ
Цˣ⻰˵öԣԺĲöȣ˵Ҫĸȷʵͷˡ
ʣأ
ĽģɽˣᣬҪҪ
üĿ䵥ȴΪԼһ㵣ǵĽģԼԷȥˡ
ҺԸֻҪǲб๫Ȼ谮ŵġ
ʾˣ谮٣ҲиӣƽְĶȹⱲӡ
ԼⱲӣ˼ãСĽĴյԼߡ
ڷ谮ʱżԽһ£мǣҪжȡ
Ľľð˵Ļ£˼ֻǿǡ
󣬰˼ӣĽĵɴ˫۵ģ˵ʲôվȴʲôû˵
ֻǿģ̾ҲԵ⺢ӴСңһӣ˵ôʲôá
֪ԼٵǼӣΪ̫󣬱Ľһֱš
Ľ룬֮ǰ˵ǡԼһҺˡ
Ľľµĺǲ΢Щݵѣ֮ϴһ鲼²һ顣
ڵʱɳƣˡ
ԼҲܻţ۰׵ָֻù˵лл㡣
תȥ㴩·䡣
˵꣬Ųɿسţš
ϣĽǽϢѱǽǺüİӰм䡣
ϴݵʱѾ泯Ű˯ˡ
ӣûлߡΡˡ
֪Լʲô˼ºְѰŲ档
걻Ųʱ򣬺ȻƽȣɵĲС
̹ˣ˵ƣߵ˾䣺Ρ
һ˯ˣëɿĲ£СشյԱߣССֻûõ˵Ρ
ûоԼðæ̫ڿԷ˯ˡ
˵䣬˸˺ܾõĹǷ۽볳ˮҲ˳硣
˯ǰһͷǣϴ磬ҲİԼˡ
գһ󣬰ӵĴ۾תһȦⲻԼ˯ʱĵط
СԹϣʵ벻Լôġ
ȻйĴ˶һµû£װԼԽ˰Сȷɱǽǡ
ʱ䣬˵ٹӾˣϰǰھƣ귢Ƴ
⼸⣬ȡ
ĽĵͷӦ£Ȼһ£˵ţҵɩ˵ҵĽǮһƥɫ޲Ա˳ۼҪҪ
ұ˵ģˡ
ɫһֻгסŻõ
˵ˣ˳ףһ㲻רɫϲϾⶫֻܴһΣ˷ѡ
һ˼ҳҲǣ죬ֻмҵ׵˲Żὲһ£רһ·
ǰмڸϲҲ֪ͨҡ
ţҵϱҪҵľ꣬ѾǸܺõĿˡ
ϾڴﲻӣƽģСûˡ
Ҳ˵ķɣԼϱչꡣ
Ҳ˵ˣӵȹҲѯӻָ
ãŴڽӻͷҲʼ𽥽
Ȼ̺һжŸõķǰС
ԺæѲҪæҲԮ
ûݣõĻ顣
ڴ߶˵ӣͭҲһࡣȥƣϺãҲ޷
Ȼ㲻ҪǾġ
룬Լ
ЦȻˣǮͲܡ
΢۵Բ֮ǰԼĶλǴǮţԼֻҪǮƾͺá
˵Ժ黹࣬ڿϰϰߣ˺ܺô򽻵£ڡ
ĽĿ˫ȫȻ˵Ҳ¡
ңɩƣ˵ҲܿʼЩţҲĲˡ
˽Ҳһ磬ֻʮ׽ˣܱ飬ĵĵط
Ȼô˵ˣȻеţǻŬá
ɵģʮֻϲ˵ЩƵȥ򽻵㲻õģȫùܣҸһسӡ
лҪ˵ĽģоҪɶԣί
psĵİ


39 
,ǰӵ
ǰմ˼źֽȡдȥ
ȻѾдĺܲ,Ҳ佲˵ز,μͯѾ
дӴʱ,ֻǻ᲻ز
ҡͷʧЦ,Լʱ,ûôŹ
Ĳһ,д˰ӵĴֺ󣬿ǵóһż,һŸ峤ͳƴ˿ġ
Ҳ˵Ժ˵׵ʱ׼ҺǼҾͻ׵һҳ,ϸıȶԺճס
ʮҪ̵ĸоȻҷɡ
ĵ֪£첻ղϡ
ʱһ˫СӹߴĻͷ࣬Ļͷʮϲ
˵һϸ첲ȶͲ˴ˡ
Ҹӵ
˫ֽӹЦһֱûɢ
Ҳ̫ˡ
򣬵ڶվҲһľ,ҲһЩаͼ
Ҳ˵·ԶͲˣԺϣٴŰ
Ȼϴ˰һǵǸСſԼһͰ͵ģ
ذ£Ȼ˵ʲôҲҪȥһۡ
ߵܹҲŰݷãȥμСӵ
⼸ʦ⣬ϸĸͣһҲ˽
⣬ܽĸ졣
ܹȻʤм
죬η뿪ܹѾθĴǰˡ
վڽֶ棬Ȼ¨ſѾƯϴ̫εĳۣǽ»С粢ȴ˿Եѷɫ
ܹ룬˿װ仰ǲȫԡ
ʸ߹ˣ㴩ͨ£ȺǼ۵Ĵڡ
ȻˣܻһĽ£޳ͦ˺ͺǵĿǾ˵ǾĸҵĹӸ綼ţ
Ӿôһ㣬ܹﶼûȥ
ȻܼĺŹӸʲô¥˵ǾĹӸŸͷȺеӭ
ܹ֮ȥ¥飬Ϊ˵Ҫҩɤӣҩһ㶼ܹġ
Ҳ¥˴кǮ
ʱܹ󣬸к
ܹϽ֣򡣡
߽ˣǽܡ
λҵͬճ¡õѧͽܹ󡣡
ܹǰѾΪʦŴТһ˲ͬʱʦƺҲֻܽС򡯡
ȻļҾڸڣùܼҰѶջȥصİһϣʲô
ߣȥңСӸõȼˡ
ЦСӿɲἱ
Ȼ׷׸ȡʲô
ѧӣԻ˵
ȻȻô˵ȴЦ⣬һŭ
ߵӿڣѾˡ
ţװ̳𻨾ƺͻƾƣⶼǰϵľƼҶµġ
ףĵһ¾ǰھƣȱ˾ôУ
Ҳ˲飬ҲûҾƣǻƾƣܸˡ
üţԼһߺȥϻţ̵
ȳӿڣˣһӣϻţߵĸЩ
ũæѹ˶ǡҵϲ£һմմϲ
ֱƺȣͺһС
վڴӿԶԶӵţʱ򣬾Сһ̶ܣߺţˣ
СԱĲ飬ò֡
峤Ҳѵſڵʯϳ̣кźǣ˵Ƕļҵĺӣ
峤үүãǴүүӡ
ǴţҵĶɡ
ǡ
ߴߴ˵峤ϱóôлõСͷ飬Ƿˡ
ȥɡ
лл峤үү
ӵţҲϵſڡ
ĽСӵϱæҰˣӡ
ǰһԴ˵ˡ
Сıȥȴתȥ룬ҲûʲôصĶ
˼˵䡮ҿˡΪʲôҪת
תȥü
ںþƣСÿһϹϰӣ˵ȥӺˡ
յһȺˡ
иģž̳룬˵壬ܸҺһ𣿡
Цһ롣
ļк߰һͿʼȾˣΪ˰ȫüҳںߡ
ڴߺȣ峤ʯ̹䡣
ȥҺ¾ඡ
д峤ͷһΧ˲ˡ
󲿷ָϲƣ˵ףصĻ
¹ǰԭûӣԺټҶһӵס
Ƚ϶ģţֻĸ
Եǳȥ򣬿ĸ¸ǷŵѣǾͻȥµÿϼǵյС
ӣҲϴθҲˣǴӵľ˸С˹ģҲаֵͼһĵġ
Ͻӭ˵壬ۺȻƾƻǹ𻨾ƣ
ȻƾƣǵԼʹˣֻ˵𻨾ơ
û䣬Ѿѹ𻨾ƶ˹ˡһֻԼȹ𻨾ơ
˵飬ڵмСʱĻ龢ˡ
峤Ⱥƣдõİӵ֡
Լϱ¸Ӽһ̥ûٴˡ
ͷӲģϵˣ˵ϲĻ
峤ϱȥһ̥Ҳɢˡ
ʣ»ģ½½ƣףغ䡣
ȻܹԱߣһֱЦӭ
˴󲿷ֲʶȻ϶ǳе·Ҳµͬ
Ƕ̬ȸǴΪĹۡ
˵ǰǾӻͷˡˡ֪˼ˣЩ۶һδڵ˵Ѿ㹻㡣
ڿ峤ר棬߻и˼ҵĴүкף˿񶼲һˡ
Ժ϶Ҫɻڴﰡ
ˣճǻϹ˵·ô
ǲǣ˲ڿǸ
ûɲһ£Ͷһ鷿ôԣĸ󰡡
˵ԱǸ۵ģõѧͽԺҲôء
ȵ־ˣȻȥ鷿˵ҿӵ֡
ҲѣֱóԼдõ֡
Ҳǵһ ȡ֣˲飬רŽĴǺ
ȴܶԼûţǸ󣬶һ֣



40 
ĽһʰԺ,ǡܿЦŰд˰ӴֵĺֽøȻ
Ժĸǰϣд˺ü,¼ߵûԼѡ
Ľ󰢽վ鷿һһдЩֵӣ΢Ƶ,ӳһ˫˼,һΪˡ
ʱ,Ľ˫ֽӹֽ,ϸÿһ֡
ǰѡȨ
Ͼһ֮
öˡ,˵ϣԺԸ㣬ˮ
֮ȥ鷿ϰѰӵĴд,ĽڴߣЩ޴롣
ڿ
ôð
ĽİڱֱϹϢ,ԼɫǺͮͮġ
ҺõϨˣƲɫ
=
ȻΪˣֵһӿһ䣺ã
֪ĻΪ˵һΣ̨µֽкá
ȻչңȻŮ˼룬ȻԺӵǹע
Լ͵˵һɽȻȥ˰
ܹѾ֪ӸĸЩմ״ʣȻţԼ͵ſ,˵˼仰
˶֪Ķţ˵ôôҽݵֵء
ܹþ͸Ӵˣôû©˽﹦ܵҡ
˵ҰʦĴ磬Ե
Ӿˡ
ȥʱŲҽš
ȻֻǸСȻ˵ú
ͻȻ۰Ͱ͵ؿԽдԽˣҲˣ
ȻϵãѾȿػ͵ܡ
ü㲻ǲϲñôҪдúãǵһλ
뵱鷨֮ϴر֣ѳˮīɫд˾̾鷨
Ȼɴ۾ҶɣҾò̫࣬ÿõ֣Ҳá
룬ÿôæֵʱ϶࣬ϳԸͬʱҲ㹻ˡ
Ц棿
ȻظȻġ
ӰóԼƽֵëָּֽ
Ҳûʱ䣬ÿдʮŴ֣ȥҲô
Ȼʮʮţ
ɫոظӦġ
Ȼ֤ԼȥҲô֣ڿһһûʲôԲϵӡ
С㰢ʰԺӣܹŰѾ̳
Щ̳ӸûϵľƼңҪ˵Ǯ
Сʱرϲ죬һ·üһɰ룬ڰЦÿɿˡ
Сȵ˶ˣæĽ˵ӣҲ̫ÿˡ
ӽرӣһֱûޣֻǲڰʱһίȫЦ
۾һֱͰ͵ĿŰϣԼȥ
Ұûӵ
ǶС˵㳣棬Ҳ͸ˡ
ҺðҪȻĻ޸
СϾǱ˼ҵķɣոĽ˵ʱ򣬳Ȼܹ鷿
ߺ󣬳ȻŴ
Ŀ죬֪ӵĴͽˡ
֪ǳȻҪҲƴǣݺ˵仰Ͱ˻
ȻŸһɰĺ޲Լ̡
ҲֻܰͳȥȻһʹļ׵˵⺢㣬ÿԺȢƯϱƯ̡
ȻӵһСɵñӣ滹һѩëߣΪů
Ѿ¶࣬¶ʮֺͻת
ȻǵĿΪԶ
˵ҵǰմСҿʺ͸ˡ
лϲ
ɲǣСӴǵһ ëߵĶעȥӺΪС
ñõǰ̾Ц
Ȼ˿С˵˵СӶϲȻ˵ˡ
ܹ͵һԼҷƵĻͷޣаƽõģҲл
ѻͷްñӵһߣһһǸȻ֪ѡ
ӦѴҶˡ
ۿɫ磬ѳȻܹ͵ӿڣ·ϽУȫЩ
ˣˣÿˡ
Ц·Сġ
˵ϴγȻҺ淿û֪
ǽȻͣӶ֪ˡҴ͵ĲֻǳȻõѧͽ
󲿷˿֪ܲȻݣһ£뵽˳Ǹ
ǰ۸Ľĵļ֪ȻݵģǱȥֱƺȣٸĽĵǸϴεҹȥ
ȻʱǶˡ
ôǸǲЩף
ǼǼҵİ﹤
λүŴ˺Ⱦء
ֱĽҲûпǼ
ʵѾҪ֮ǰˣھҲʮƽ͵ԡ
ʵǰڶںǵķ̺
ӶԼģһζĶűˣԼȤ
Ľ룬ԼúþˣҪ˵ͬ飬Ҫٵ
ھơ귢Ƴ
ǰѾɣƳðѺӱϵõ˼һ׳ƴš
˵ҸӸ˵ˣǴȥҡ
ĽѾװһл񣬽ɩ˲æ϶û
֮ǰǿԼҲˡ
=
Ȼ߸ܹߣ߱Դ
ܸо˵ʲô
ܹһ㶣´磬ûٶ
ȻǶ֮ǰ˵ţôôˡ
ܹĬˣλүʵܺദټϳȻżЩԺ˸о׽
Ȼ͵˵Ⱥ˵ƮԷͷƲˣ¶ˣҲ֪ⲡʲôʱá
Ȼ֪ʵܹӳĬ
޷ǾͷƲСϲˣȻǸӿ϶Ѿûˡ
Ȼܹɫ˵㻹СЩ鲻ģ㵽ҺͰͣ϶Ҳ硣
ܹҲʵˣ˵Ҿÿ춼ѧϰ
пЩ
ȻһΪпεķɣ㿴ƯΪÿ
ܹ룬Ҳȷʵòʶĺá
Ȼ˵ǰҺ˵һȥƮԷӦ˿Ųô𣿡
ܹΪҽݵˣ֪ܶƮԷأһʱֱôڸү˵
Ҳֻ죺Ժá
⻰Ȼһͬ⣬ȷʵǰѺܲһ
źų˵ȴҲͬ˸ԭ
ԣԸĽύѰ


41 
ԴӴ˺˰ӵ¾ƺ,Ƕ̬ѾԲǡӻͷز
˵ǰ·Ͽˣ໥кʺá
ڣѾְæ
,ҼҲҪǷӣҸ˵ؽˮҼҽ,ôҲ˵š
һڴӦ,ǽվͷˡ
Ͳͣȥˮ˰
Ѿİˡ
,ˮƬ˵,˺üͰˮȥ˵ء
ʺǿ,ⵣͷľͰﶼˮ,·Ȼƽȡ
ֻ֪ˡ
ĽıŰԺ,һĻ,ۿҪˡ
֮ǰ¨ȥ,򶼻,дӳֱӶĥˡ
Ź˶ãѾˮȥ,ڴӿݵ·,ȻԱ֤Ͱˮ
Խѵ£ŻɳԽ죬⻰Ҳû
ĽҪæ,ӻС߲˴ˣҲܱȥ䴵硣
ֻܿһػˮԼȴʲô
һˮʱ򣬰ˮͰڱⵣϣɫĴ̴ֲѾȫˮʪ뵳һƬɫ
ͻȻͷꡣ
һˡô͵͵Ĩ᣿
Ͻ߹ȥᣬΪոһֱڸɻɾȥ֣ûֱĴָĨĽβ
ôˣޡ
ĽҲޣԽôԽֹסĺ۰
֮ǰҲģܶ꺢ӵĲ鲻ѣЩỼ΢֢
Ϊ֪ЩǰҲһֱע飬ÿնЦСѣŽ
Ҳ֪뵽ʲôȻվޡ
ĽıڻСҲһ
ʵҲûãĽľ˵û£ȥˮҵԷ
ȴûֱ뿪ݣһǣ졣
Կǡ
Щ᲻óԣֻʵ̲סʱ򣬲ĺһ
ĽѾϰߵ˳Ļ죬͹ɵſ
̵ζɢȻˡ
˵ЪϢҺܿͻ
Ľĵͷá
ʵ֤ĽҲֻŻǰŸߣȥ
ǰ꣬ӣڶҲҰˡ
Ұóԣڰ˵ĶЩζ
ոڵ˼ЩԼĥĶ಻öһҲȥ
ﶼһ֡
ҪǷǰҸĸˣ϶Ƿֲġ
ڲһˣֻĽһڼңҲͲ
ĽĵãڵմˮСذѶгС飬Ͳɢ
ѶκͶĺһý͡ΰ͵ζĹбⲻ˰ѶŪ˵㣬Ҳû취
ȵĽѾڰˡ
ĽҲǱŷóԵġ
ǰһֱı¨װ󼦵ʳ㹻Ѿḻܶ࣬ͱϹϰӡȵȵȡ
ҲھԼԳԺõ㡣
û뵽󿴵ڳæɫһӳ
Ľıһﻹû͵İֱӹڵϡ
ԴûôװͰ͵ԹԼҲº͵£ѧѧͶȡɡ
ոȥЪţȴвסӡ
һЦ
ϱҽԺĲŮɷǰźúúõģЩǺžҧԼ
Ҫǻʿʱָ֣Ҫʲô¡
˿̣嶼ûг׻ָվ
ԼûʶķӦѾԶԶĳķ룬ʱиеݴʣǾǽš
ңԼûʶĽš
Ľıŵվ޴룬µ
ֻҪһ뵽ǸĽľ;Щ
һֻڰϣ֧Լ塣
ĽĲ֪ʱȴԼǰȥ
Ѿ֮ǰҪǿ׳ٵͷ󻹴źӸոҲǼӿԼĽˮÿԿؼҡ
ĽĿǸɢܵİӺڶûƤմԵػ˵ģ϶ûˡ
ʱûôིĻܳԡ
ȴֱӰһӽţա
ĽҪڵǸѾһֱϥ䡢һĺ󱳣ڻ
ĽͻȻ˫أſڣֻʣ¡һ
ܸܵϹ̵⣬Ȼźһ㺹ȴûʲôζңĻޱȰġ
ĽıΪҪӣû뵽鷿
ʵûκβõԤУֻ÷
ֻҪԸԼʲôԸ⡣
ĽĵؿڣҴˡ
Ȼޱ飬·û仰
ĽЩҪƭȥˡ
ߵ鷿Ľֱӷڰϡ
Ǵ죬õĶǺòϣˣܿǳȻﲻҪĲϣ֮ʮֽʵ
ܴĽһߣյء
ⰸʱǶĵĸ߶ȣҲǰʮףĽ棬˫ŸӴ档
ȴֹˡ
óһֱֽʣҲꡣ
Ľȴעд֣Ѿ֪Ľʶ֣дŸġ
ʮգ֮Ľľĸ󼸵㣬¼£
һÿղ´վʱ
ڶҪϢʱϢ
ѹ鲻ɱ
ģԲˣʳ
壬ͻܷγͷȫ顣
Ľ˸ͷΪд飬ŵüɫҰףҪֱӹԭء
ȴΪļ㣬ﱻġ
ϸĿһ飬ո±ʣļ֡
ĽûϱӴŮŮˮζֻۡۺϳ̻Ϣ
Щ˻᲻ϰߣȴޱ̹
룬ǱĻ뱧һ£ܵոշĴ
ôţ뷨ֻʣ£ԭһΣԺͰҹǽϣʱʱ̿
㡣
ǣ꿴ҹ桯СӵĻԣɫɿƵĺ
վû˵ʲôԺԹˣ֤ܵͷ
ҪȻСĸζܲˡ
ʣµİӶģĳʼõĴӵİӣʣµĶǳøͷİӡ
ÿİӵݸ꣺
ĽȴҪġ
Щóԡ
Եһ㣬Ҳǿ
͵͵һۣ֪˲뵽ʲôͻȻ
ΪΣͷ԰ˡ
лҪ˵޹أֻΪƤһ£
Ľģͷʲô롭ͻȻеСڴ


42 
ֹһ£ѾͯԵĿݸͳȻһ顣
Ϊ̫,ǻǻ졣
Ͼ顷ͽӽ,Ȼ,ǰűѧЩ,е
أһ·ѧģǰ,ÿձֶڵβҪڻܼǵʲô
,ֻ˴ȥһͯԵķΧμԡ
˵鱳飬ҲǶĿ顣
ڶıִﲻҪͻȰѭ򽥽һڳԲȶ
ͻСƳټ꿼Ҳûʲô
û뵽ôһӡʥ͹ѵ顷徭ÿ춼ܱвĬдǰһյĹΡ
Ȼ,ֻһ,Ҳǿ̿ࡢڷܡ
ֹܱ,Լƶеĺ塣
Ѵע齻,һܳһ¶ȻɫԼﶼе㸴ӡ
Ľοп֯һ
룬ʱ,ſȥһ°׵λá
֪뷨ֻпЦ
ôǸ꣬ϱӸѧһ֡Żǰһ㡣
ﱳ飬ұֵһҲȳȻѷɫ
ݺŬȱһɡ
ۿſ쵽ڣ˵ҪǵѾˣҪƾٿԵĹ淶
ǿܻȽİһὲһ㡣
ƾٿԣȿľǰ˹ģΪ˹ģ
˹ɷΪɡйɡɡɣĵÿһַΪɣϳư˹ɡ
˹ĲҪдʽ̹ƽƵõ˸Ҫ߼ܣԲ˵
ˣڲҪ߼ܣʱϰԶӣϰƽƺͶ̵İա
룬˹ʵеʫÿһ䶼ö̲˵ƽơҲı仯ϿڲС
Զȷʵһܺõϰ;
˵֮ǰÿϴԼĬд顣Զӣż
ͳȻӦˣǣ
ɼǵǻôҪеݼǻˣԲʱٴĬдС
ϣڿԵʱҪ©ӡ
Ϊˣǿһ䣺Ȼȴ֮ء
鱳Ĳ˹ĸдá
˵ҵμӵһԵʱиͬĿҪá顤ġġ˼֮дˡ˼֮[ע]
ΪͳȻ⣬ʣд仰
ףʾԼˡ
ȻԴãǼǵ仰Ҳǳˡ˼֮
׵ôһȻɫ֪š
ųȻ˵֪֪شôĵ䣿
Ȼ˼һ£˵ӦȦȦ֣Աߡ
ֻģµʱĳñȦ֣Աעˡ
һӣЩΣ˿Ҳôظ̰
Ȼ¸˼ͷ˵ѧˣѧÿĬдַ֤˴󡣡
ƪк塣
ȫĵͷ˵վżǾԲܣǵĬдһնܻķϡ
ϾʹˣĽ٣Դû顣
ȻΪոձ̼Լдˣ֮ľдٺãҲõΡ
Ҳ֪ϾִĿԣд˸֣д˲۷֡
ŴĿԣдһ㣬ܳ⡣ȡɼģǲСд˻׵ǿܾ͵֮֡
뵽ͬҲԼʱע⣬ǧܷƴ
ߺ󣬳Ȼ˶ˣĺʹԣ޿κΣ˶ҫء
ļ򣺡顷徭䲻࣬ע⵽˺ϰʱ򣬶עһ㣬Ͳ⡣
Ȼͷ֪ˣջȥ𣿡
ѵ˰£ĸƹǣŶȥˡ
ڿҩû˵һ˷Զ֢ҩ
ò׼⣬ͻûȥҽݣ֮ܵ˼ҵĲ顣
Ҳʼһʱڵʱ
ûǰ򿴲ֻ಻١
Ͼ֮ǰҩˣ򿪵ҩ˻ָҪ˲١
Ҳͽ˳ȥ
ƹļԼҽݲûſȸҲŷ
Ȼ˵ȥãһһ𡣡
ȻˣҷҪһ𣿡
Ȼ
Ȼ˵һ𣬵ҵúù䡣
żá
ðɣҲܸһˡ
ԴҲʾźȻֿ
룬÷ΪúãʱΣĽϢ
ǡᡣ
ѾȫָȴչСӵţһֱû
룬СԼƽֵöңҲûܶʱ
Ľ⼸ķΧȻֻһԺӣӵĲ˵أûȥ
ʴˣǰ͸˵ŷϹܲܰѰҷһϡ
ӼӣСһֻȰӴ˼£һչҲ㡣
ӺϱһڴӦ
ԴҽԺżҲǷ壬ӵϱԭ̥Ѫе㲻ãҲˡ
ԣǰæȻܾ
֪Լôе㲻Σûгչ˺ӶĽһ
߹Լܶ飬ִĻĽ͵кԼϴѾж£ô
ԣҲʱ䣬һ档
ҲҪҽôһƹƹ˵Ȼϱ࣬Ȥ
Ͻ˵ô˼鷳
ƹ˵ɺòһΣͱܾˡ
ֻܵл
ʮ磬صȥ˵ؽˮ
ԼһƹѾƳˮģٹһѮͿժ˳ԡ
ʱĽģǵСҲ
˵԰
ͻȻĬоԼ˼еƫ˵ǵĻƹϰ
⣬˵ᡣǰ𣿡
Ľע£ҡҡͷ
ǰ˵ᣬ˸ǣֻеճĽȥμᣬŻơ
ʣһڶʲô
Ľ˵±жɳڶڶСڶ
ı飬֪ϲڶ
˵Ҳϲڶ
Ľķɿʮͬĵͷ˵ϲԵƻǶɳڶ
ﶫȫ
һգȥ
ģԸһɵۡ
˵±ҷһߣ˵һ¡
˶٣ĽģһȥϹᡢŻƣɷͬ⣿
лҪ˵е[ע]ã԰ٶȡ


43 
ʵ֣,ĽȴЩ޴롣
ȻƽʱеС,ȴܾҪ
,ش,˵Ǿô,Ӹţȥõҡ
Ľĵͷȫûʶ˰Ӹô졣
źһ,ڶһ磬ι극,ͰѰ͵Ӽҡ
С᲻õ,˼ɤ,׵ȴȻûлת,ӼҵĿϡ
ģӸ,֤š
˵鷳ˡ
С׵ˣһʱЩĻ䣬˻Ϯ,ֱ˯˹ȥ
Ҳ֪СӵƢ,ԽԽճ,޵Խ
Ҳֻѡ񡮳ʹʹ,ֱ,СӿȥϢ
Ľ׼÷ˣŷְӲˡ
ûлţΪ,״ȡõ˵¡
ĽʶԼҪȥμˡ
ԼĴֲѣ룬Ż᲻˰
˵޷˺ÿ㹻ˡ
Ľﻶϲǰڶ ÿˡ
Լ֪֮þǱôľţǲ簢ÿ
ۿʱȥãű¨ȥѧˡ
ĽôȥڸȥˣҲûеط
ǵӵţȥϣҪȻһ·ûаôԶ·᲻ġ
ͳȻĿȫģʽһĵĳ飬һڴ߱顣
ǻĬдһڴ߶Զӡ
˵ʵѧʺһ˰ѧϰ顢ѭƵлС
ڶԶҪԼеŵġ
ȻԼƽư⣬ȻԱֵıȽ㡣
ôһʵͷۡ
Ȼǰ±ô飬˵ȴų˵˼άƣѿڶ
һ౳ĿյһĶԶ
һ飬ֱشӵۡ
ȻҲˣƽʱôù
ʲô
һҪô
˵ٲúöԶӣȥͯõġʫ١
ͳȻһۣӶԷп˾
һߣȻС˵ô죿
ԼǴˮģֻڴԼû⡣
뵽Ҳô
һ˸š
һ侲Ĵҵʫ١ȥĥīˡ
ȻˣǸͯõģѡ
˵ȻŸɱһ£˭ֺֿã
ɾĴӣƽոŵǸСֻꡣΪѧһ㶼ôƺҵĺӡ
Ȼ˵죬ڸضһ𳭡
ֹ˰ʱ룬ͳȻӦÿĶԶ˰ɡ
ȻУ϶ԡ
鷿ĵģŽȥһһͼעġʫ١
Ȼôã̲סˤš
Ķһ䣺飡
ֹ˰ʱٴκ鷿óȻȥԺ
±ʣȻӦˡɫһ㣬ȣѾĶˡ
ȻһĲԣһûء
û˵꣬ͱһ¡
ȻǰԺ󣬺Ȼ֣һѧ˶ˡ
һǶ
Ⱥ˻ĵشȻ˭֪鷿ѧϰģǿɶ׼꿼ŵˡ
ֻϧ׼ŵƽǵ磬ߵԲһֱûӴ
ԼҪŬô
Ǵ󲿷˵뷨һ˴ǰͬûΪ׷ؼˡ
ܹġҽũӡҲѹû롣
ϾҲһ鼸ˣиٽǻܲã
ټȺ˶Ҫɴ۾
ѭ߿ȥ⼸죬Ƕǵ˵ͷ
Ȼ
һۿȥЩһͷ˵ˡ
ʱѾ࣬Ҳ׷ֱӲ⣺ѽڣΪ⣬Գ˶
ͳȻ¼
ͳȻӦ¡
λǳʦڸزء
мλʶѧŻȥôͻȻͱ࿴ˡ
սˣǿ֣еĻɤ۶˵ˡ
ˣ֮ǰͱ˵дÿһֵķǡ
ˣĻʽ³Է
ֱӿ޵ģǱضʮˡ
ԣЩһ֣ҲʶڵѾ֮ǰˡ
֮ǰд
ȵ¿Σ˾һ˽ѵ֮ǰһֱڲ׾
ʮпܡ
֪ˣʱ͸ĸύ
ͬ꣬Ҳ䵽ټֻʣµͷ֮
ѧõѧ¿ˣͳȻָ£ЩѧĶ
ķӦĸоԼڶľԴ
˵ͯлһʫȻֱزߣȥɱ˵ҵѧ
룬žưεĿͷҴһѧ
Ͻ˵ѧͶѼزģ´βʧ
ȻҲظ֤
ŷһǸԻȥˡ
ٳǰɶӣȻһ±
˵ˣףԲԲ
лʹɡл󣬽±
ȻҧһڣͻȻסȻȥڣ˵ڶġ
׼һˣͻȻһ٣±װ¨
Ȼôԣ
öøɷ
ȻͻȻеͬɡ
ڰʴˣ绹ǵҽ
ȵõʱӺĽҲǡøϹ
ĺ˵·ȫˣҵθԹԣţ߲
磬·ϵ˵һ
˵һøѲ˻ȥϾͲһˡ
֣ȥ߾Ͳǡ
˵лӸ硣
ߺĽġ
һɫףں촦źߵ·
ͷҲһͬɫĶдûʲôװΣȴ˶
ֱǣ֣һȥԷ
ҽݵķֻܹĽˣҶҲ
󣬲Ҳ½½
Ľãõһ
ܹЦӿãȴΪԵʣÿţ麰ҺС
Ľļ˿Ͻл
ҲΪܹ仰΢
ҽݶǸİĻΨһֲţǿװ򶨣Ļǻš
ܹѣĽľãڸ˺ϡ
ĵ׵ĽǹȻܿ컺⣬ֻʣԺϲá
˻иŷɫȹװĹʮСһš
ܹߺһλʱֱ档
ȴֻǷŵݸ
Ҽҹ˵㿴žͻ⡣


44 
ûнӹż㡣
ȻԻʱݵ̬,ûΪǰĻü
ΪϱҲֳ,һ㶼Ϊ
Ȼϲ̱ǵ,Ҳ˶ЩС
ֱƮԷλͷƹϵ
ܹû˵Ѿ˼,Ĺʵв
ǡвҽû͹
ܹǰʱ,ҲֲҪˡ
̬ȾֱӸ,һ仰Ը˵
ҲͶԸЩСﵱүү,Ȼ޸
߱ϱӴϰߣȷǰ˲Ҫκ,ٸǡ
Ȼ,ЩҪβ,ǻᾡԼְȥβˡ
ܸŴһЩ,ϰߡ
ѡ˴ҽ·ѧһ졢ڵһĹ,Բ׷ÿһ
ǸɫȹװĹﲻϰ,ܹʻһ֮شûв,ŵġ
ڣŲգˡ
ܹ֪Ĺأֱ̧һλ
СĹﻹ˵ʲôһѾ󣬾͵
ƮԷͷƸŵɲϹΪ,ҪȻϵĸǾͲǮˡ
СۣۿžҪ޳һί˵ģ
ˣȻΪֻҽṩ
Сˡ
ͬʱõĽҲһĻ֪ǹ˭ҲܴӹｿĶпߡ
ԭйϰˡ
Ľû뵽˼ҵĹһҽݣýš
ʼյĮ̬ȸĽĪﰲο
Ҫ󲻸ߣԾûҪռ뷨ϾҪռͷˡ߳еƶʡ
ĽŬԼȥʣȴȻʮѹ
Ȼڼʡ
Һýǻ˾Ͳˡ
д˼ŷӣܹԼסӣá
ǡƹ˴˺һЩڵġ
Ѿ߻˵˵ļķǸˣˡ
֪ܹ˵ˣôϢԴͲԶˡ
ʴˣ˵ܹһûúñҲȥķӣʮ顣
ܹһӿ˵Ҫ˵ģҿû졣
ѾԸ󷽣ЦⲻǺô˵ƹĺͷ˶˵Ǹˣ۰ɡܹϸһ
˶٣Ѿ˵ôôǱ߻Ҫźˡ
Ľ˵еţոյѹѾ֪Ķȥˡ
ȴʮͬȷʵܳϴˮҪȣʱʱһС
˵СʮĽ
ڴû˾޷ˣ֮ǰ׳˵ҪˣӼ޹
ѾߺܹҩģֻĽˡ
Աߣ࣬Ҩһף˵졣
ĽסҲûιСǻ͸ιˡ
滹˰
ĽܹװҩĳʱľͷĦ
ϲ֮ˣ
ҲֻǺ죬ԹԳࡣ
֪ķҲǿ󣬰£˵ԺԵ㡣
Ľĵͷκܺãڹ߲ôãΪ΢ЩԴ¶һضĲ
Ի谵ı£׵ĲΪˡ
ͻȻڻȻĲȥ
뷨ðʱԼЩȡ
ĽľǸҲʱҲˣĽΪеĶһ١
룬Ƿֻͬǻ˶ʮ궼ûϲʲôˣҲԼ֡
׷ϵε˵ѵ䵭
ÿɷΪʱҲȷԼǲ䵭
ÿҽͲ飬ӵҲʵ
Ǵ˿̣ԼĶһˡ
ĵϲҲУۣû̸˺ѷֱ
룬ӻкܾãеʱ俴Լġ
ҽݣʲô飬ֻ̧֣ǲĦһ¡
мˣĦ˵ʱᣬһɳ˵Ŀռ
Ľֻʱһ£ܿ˳ӵķ塣
ھ࣬˫ˮһ
ãҪ˲ˣ¿ƲסԼʲô
֪ܹˣȥĽͻȻûһſϡ
¶Ĳ΢죬֪ǱĦģǺߵġ
=
ڴͬʱƮԷõķ
һ׾ķΣ˵ɵϸݣ֮ǰӲãЪϢôãٲڵʲôүǶҪˡ
Ӧˣǣ֡
ߺÿ·¶Թɫ
ٹЦź˵ˣ޸ˣӣĹһӡ
ǰô룬ϾҲûôӻϺõ֬ˮۺͳ·
ԴҽݿͻȻıԼ뷨
ʵϴʲôΪԼϲˣЩкη
źѾߺܿСײϡ
˵ֱţȥźǹﻻ·
Ѿ߸Ͻȥˡ
ü۾ʵſͳȥˣ
Ƿżϴõۣϲ
Ѿۿ˲ͺˣԭأ˵Ȼգ
úһһƨ˴ߡ
ʲôĴϢһ𾪵ʲô
Ѿ˵ҽݣû䣬ֻ˵Ҽҹż㣬գ
üСҵְҲңʱС壬̧ܣȥӿ͡
϶Ϊûңˡ
Ѿ߸ϽǸҵĴҾȻС˵ˡ
˵ˣұڸ˵Ҵ飬ҲͬݷҾֱ޸
룬֪ԼʣЩӣ򼸴
֪ЩĻûȢ
ϾϲôõˣԴױǮܸðīֽ⡣
˵һУԺˡ
Ҫ֪˻
Ѿ˵ԺɾҪܿˡ
õܿʲô˭ϴҽݷϳϲˣȴȫҵ
ΪңҽݳҲǻ
ȻʱװʶңѾ֪⡣
Ѿ˵һϲŲӿͣ
˵ϲôҲɡҵʱܻϲ
Ϊ˲һЦҼʮӵʱҪϲ
ܹ֪Щ϶ͷ˵Щҽԭ򰡡
¶˽ΪԼжûܵ顭
ȻЩҲܹ󣬲ѧԭ
룬ҲΪʲôƹĶΪССƽཻ


45 
Ѿߴõ֤ʵ,ԭԸӿ͵ԭ򣬾ȻǴˡ
,ΪĻǧ֮
Ѿźúü,֪Щ궼ôġ
ЩһȻִ,ĻҲ,ʱźﴩ£Ŀϵĺۼ
һƬǿɲ
뵽ѾߺۣȻ˵һΪû˵,ŲǷš
ȴ÷ѹ,ԲŲհ
Ѿ߰ԼƲ˵,ȻС¥,СģŮ˵ᡣ
֪Լౡ֮ʲôֻø,ҪԼ֯С
ôʱȻȥֻġ
Ѿ죬֮ǰ˵ĹҪȢؼҡ
Щ𺳵ģĿ˴ӹﶼ͸ų,Դ൱Ʋ
úôҲƮԷͷƣЩû
ҵһ㶼˵һףʵʰƭؼ,һס
¥вٱʹĽĻϲĴǮΪԼˣȴ޷ˡ
üǵãһεͷƾΪԼ󣬴ܵǮˡ
ټȻһûϳǸŴֲѣǶͼӵ
룬ôˡЩ˲һüĿʣ̬ȴݣȻСȴžԵϡ
ҽݴܾãҲҡųϢ
ʣµĽ
УǶġ
ټϺڻûôϲ
ɴµĴһֱš
üѾ߻ˮҲЩ䵭ˡ
źҰ·ϣһҪȥݡ
ŲҾͲƽˣ´β˵Ļ
ѾҧŴֻܵͷӦ¡
=
á
ܹ֣һû˲ˣҲסֱá
ܲһվ֣Ĭд顷徭
д
ܹ˻̾ѹССҽ衣
ѧһˣһӶﲻĸ߶ȡ
ֱգܹŷֻ֣Ϊ˼ǹҵ˲ߡ
õ˵ϤϤĴܹϸıҩļ£ᱧкܴġ
һɼį
įһֱԿ㡣
֮ǰãΪʹˣ˾ͻСһ
Ȼط
ʴˣǲ֪֮
ĽĵλϣĿĿĳ
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ţλãʻֱӵĵͷ
˵ģ
Ľе£ΣȥĶ
վվڰߡ
ְֱڻǰҰı仯Ľľܿ챻ԼĴϡ
µĶ͸ũ˫ĥ£־ѷտɱȡ
Ҳ˵û˼ˣҲ˫ֺ֫֡
õӺʱеıΣҲûз֣ҲĶ
ԼôǿƿϾϱѶ۾֡͡
һЩԭ⣬ٻܾͬ¾۲ͻ߳ȥ롣
һδεģֳΣԭغͷʼ
ǰûϲˣֻΪûԵˡ
ڣϲ
ԣ˿Ҳơ
ĵ뷨˱ڻƷζ
ĽеĵһǡĻůıһ˿ĽľԼҪˡ
ȴԴû˿ĵֿգҽݡ
ĽĻѣ΢΢뿪ĴȴȻûɿ˫֡
ĽİβʶԼʲô΢΢ŴͣƺţһΡ
ЦΡ
˵ãϢҲֻǡϢһ£񡣡
Ľ룬ԭǾϢôûɡ
Ҫ֪Ľĵ뷨˼һ;ǲǷˡ
ôԵĸԣһͲ˵ġ
ĽľôڻҲΪԵΣ˸λá
ıȸմԽǻõö࣬ſȥ˺аȫС
ʱܹ󺰵ʱ㣩ˣϢˡ
Ӧ̹Ȼá
Ľĺò׵Ϊһ䡮Ϣ糺졣
Լ޷ӡϢˡ
ѱ¨ãûϣҽݡ
ᣬ˼˲˵͵Ҳ࣬¨ĶȻôֵǮʧѧϰԶӵıʼĵþûˡ
ʴˣǰѱ¨ҽݣƹĸԿףȵٹþǡ
ףλ죬нգн񳯡
Ц죬ոż٣Ӳóˡ
ܹϽ±ʣֵл򡣡
Ӻ仰˺ܾá
ҡͷʧЦϺòֵĹʵסġ
Ⱥúõ档
Ľĳţ˵ңǧҪɿ֣֪𣿡
Ľþס֣ͷš
ҽ֣ҹգ·ҲǴ￪ʼһֱ쵽һͷǱСӣӱ߶ƵС
˳ǰĥ
߼֪˭ЬӱȵԱߺС
԰ĽĻڻ˳·ǰߡ
ȻոҽãѾϢһ£Ľıڻ߶ˣɱĺ
ڸпֵܸ鵹Ǻܺãĺչ˵ܵܡ
˵Լӣϴ磬ҲҪչ˵ܵܣ֪𣿡
ĽĻͷһֻ⺺ӻﱧСһһꡣ
ͻȻ䣬Ǹ˵ˣǰĸǸŻ˻ţ˵ԼԼ
СóۣҲŲҪչ˵ܵܡ
ǸҲһ˲סЩ˼
û˻רŴŸǰᣬң֫嶯ܣһͲѪԵϵǷϵ
˵˼ûǮȢϱֻȢɣ̡
Լǰһѷɳ赽ز·һֱţǿټ
񣬸λһձ鲻ʵ
ȻǰͦҸģȴҲԼҶǰΪȢ
ӣԶ㡣
ǼĽĵʱҺϳˣ򣡡
ӻͷһ棬⻤ŷɵ˾Ǹ̬ȵĮȴҽ߳
һתͷһһڵߡ
ͷ⣬ȴһֱڷɼ򴦣̬ȴݣһҲΡ
ȫûʶԼȢ˷ɣһ˵顣
Ǻӱӣ·м䣬ܿͱǰȥ
һλͷͼԶʲô˵˾ʲôͻȻ˿Գ֮ΪЦݡ
ߣȥˡ
лҪ˵ȥϢһ¡
Ľĺߵѹ·ƽ

Ľģ԰ϢֻҪѧϰԳ֮ΪϢ


46 
һ·,Ľ˴ˡëߺһľͷɵСӡ
ʵֻ̯ľģʶ
Ѯ˳,۶٣ͷˡֻشžȻ۶һ
̯ʹȥл,ظϵɣֱӰľ͸
ҲʲôֵǮСĪҪƴǡ
ûֻ¡
ϱӵҽϰ˲ղκл񣬵ŴȴһҽСȻŴлǾ˼˻С˱ض֣صǰл
һĵع,ϴһҩƹϱ˳Ҳյл
ֵĽֵ,ܿʹĽߵ˾ͷԵСӡ
ӱֻ߱Ҫֲ٣ơ̷סߺȣˣ˱
ò֡
Ӷ԰ͼһ̨ŲʻȺǱӿȥ
׽Χ˵ۣ˵ƮԷĹǻء
΢һü˵ԼӰбͷѾϵĸɸɾ
֮ǰ̫˺,½ҿ˰̡
껹ˣСûЩ
ʴˣܿȺӱٵĵطȥ
Ľֻ˵лƺ죬뵽֣
⻹ֻһСҪŵǣǵö෱
ĽĺܹɣȻˣԶߣҲ˳ӵĸš
аߣôá
ߵٵĵط
Ҳ򻨵ƣܹһ·϶ƵģҵܷźӱܻƵĵط
ɺӱһƽĴʯͷ߾һ̯ƣʽͦ࣬Ҳϲ졣
ĽһԼϲĵơĻϲɿЩƶÿۻҡ
Ҳ֪ȻԼ⣬ôС¾Ͳ鷳
ľͬѡһֻ滭õĺӵơ
̯û»ǰһźӵƣͺټˡ
ǰüҵĸЦôƣԱվŵȻûЦȴҲһֱڸϡ
̯ע⵽˴ųۣһǸˡ
̯˵⻹ܲµգͻƣȫ³дأ
ĽĿ˫ġڴ
ҡͷȻУȴڶԶӡաʫЩŴǲ⺺
˵ЩǹŴʮ궼ͯʫԲµգҲôСĿȾѬհ
һ׵ִҽѧҲѧƣȫûбѬչ
ɿεˮ
ǲµôôôõ飬ֻҪеʣ֪
룬㲻ȫ³¶׬һƻŻǿԵġ
׼µյʱǰ򻨵Ƶһʵտģ
̯ЦŰ֣⵹ǣӵĻƶһƹڹܣҲǳġӵһԲµգֻ֮һ
ոﻹΧŲˣӶ԰Ǳߵ̨ҪˣǶܹȥˡ
ʣ˵գ£񲻺ܿܲȫԣ
̯ҲĵոһܲȫκһĵգǴ󽱡
̯óһƣ̯һָԼͷһŹʮơ
дڵϣ˲ĸֱдǡ
֪϶˲࣬˿գȥˣҲһеա
̯ڸǣֱӰѵλεĹһš
˵ţָָ̯ǰëֽͱī
˾Ա㣬µգҲԸԼĻ֡
Ϊʻ˻ֽдһͨû뵽˸ɻƣֱӸǮˡ
̫ѣȥط¡
̯ЦЦԱ㡣
漴תҪһԣ
˵׳ˡ
һֻдĸ֡ҮҮ
ѹָո˵ˡ
ɫһ룬ĸּ޳ͷȻķȥ˼
ҮҮгүү
Լеġһ䡮뾰ڿӡִտīڴֲڵëֽ֡

̯ڵĶ֣ܴЩ⣬ϾĴ󽱡ء
һĽٶҲ̫˵ɡ
ؼǣˡ
̯ɫһֽȻ˵ɻҪգ
˵Ȼ
Ųµһ˳յ˼·ʵûִô磬Щմ඼г
룬ôõ飬ڿԼЧˡ
뷨ҪǱ֪µشְӡ
Ŀǲµ
̯˵ȻˣҲչأٸ
ȻӦˡ
ĽʱѾӻߵߣȻһµգĲࡣ
ЩգЩ˼·ȴ֪ƽ⡣
ʣвŻȻԭյġ
̯֣۹׼ɫǸʶֵġ
ʶֵŮҶ٣ˡѹֱ˳š
ܿд𰸣̯ƤֱоĴҪԼ΢ƫһ̯λˡ
̯յˣȻյٶȾȻ˿ơ
ĸоĶڵѪ
תһ룬ǱƹֲǸ˹ľɡ
ҲǴɣŴվϲݵ䣬ոպöЩ顣
ʣЩСļɣ޷Ǿгֻ֣Ҫ˼άһ㣬ܿܲ³
һյ׽̯˵Ӧò˰ɣ
ֹ̯ȫ¶ˣ
ˣû뵽Լвµյݡ
̯˵λԵȣеգӵƾ͵ġ
󽱣õǲƹܶ֡
ס˵󽱾ͲˣֻӮһơ㹻ˡ
ĽҲ̰С˵ˣӵƱڻ᲻ˡ
˵ʲôԸдȥ
ĽС˵Լд𣿡
մīˮıʵݸ
ĽıŵƣСĵд֣Ŭ嵲סԼС˼
Ȼ͵£Ҳܲ³Сһһ㺦ߵС˼
ôһ룬ԼЩʮߣŵִûء
ߵд꣬ʹȥӱ߷ŵԸ
ˮһֻӵԶȥ滹ɬȴԸ
ֱҲֻƣߡ
̯ߣȻ˵Ҫ󽱣ֻΪһֻӵơ
վˣǰ˰һӵƹ
ƹЦˣ֪˭
̯ҡͷ֪
λõСҽ
ƹ˵ȻǾͲǿˣҲϡ
̯ȫף󽱿ǡƮԷ֮ҹȻáϡݡ
ңƹƺ֪Ϊһ
ƹ˵ȻϡҲð¶еյ鴫ȥʡı˵ҿš
Ĵ󽱣Ͳ˵ˡ
Һ֮ǰҲֻƹ̯ñ֪󽱵ĽʲôҲͲشȥƮԷˡ
ű¨ŷɣǴ£ͬߡ
ȫ֪һС
ڶһ磬ϢͨƺնԶӵ飬ܺõĿ佱µյĲܡ
˵ƵƵĺãԺȥšд˹ҲƵĺá
룬һĺ˵˵
ǸϲЦˣ仰
ͬʱƮԷˤԼϲһֻӣϻкܶ֬ˮ۵Ĳк
ڲܾˣ
Ѿ߻ûüػƽʱǵֱŶ롣
ܾˣ˵µֻΪ˸Ӯһֻơ
ƽ˵Ļȴ·һͷ
Ҳֻǻơ
лҪ˵յסһ仰Ϊ̫࣬Ͳˡ
뾰ڿӡ
ӶԻ:ӡ
Ի:!,,,Ӳ,,öʳ?


47 
ֻǸС,ƮԷҲǶһ¥
ȻĺݣȴҲ̻á
,Ǽֶǿ㳤,˼Ҳȥ
֮ǰС,˵Լ岻һ²¶ӿͣԷˡ
Ѿȫ˳ȥš
Լ߽һǽķ,Ҳ,ϡ
ãԼ˵˵˵ĻǲţС,Ļﻹ𣿡
վ,Щ,ױ̨ǿվˡ
ֻ³һִȴ԰ĻҲţ
ϵô˵һεͷƹҪ˵ʱǼҲȰ˵
Ͼͷƹ,ܹ,һڲ,޸ﺺ,Ҳܰȶȹһ
ƮԷĹ㹻ӸԼ,滹и˵뻧ƮԷԷû
ȰסĽֻŹӡ
֮һ绰д,޷ˣڳ׺ͰѴͷƵӾΪУ˵Լȥ⣬̶̼¾Ͱӻ⣬ǿŹ첹
ʣȻ㲻ƭ㣬㣬ãɻǵã˵ҪȢ仰ںʱ
⻰ŬĻ䣬ȴ벻ʲôʱˡ
Ϊϲģڵ򣬶֮ǰǸ鶼Ҫ͵
ֻһ֮Եȫ̶û˵ҪȢ㡯ĸ֡
ǲѾ͹ȥż㣬û¡
ԣּ󶼱һжԼΣ
ֿɫ֪ѾŮ˺˲һŮϲһһ΢ůܷܲ
ԣҪģǻͷвʵʵĻ롣
ʵ
һһƮԷʮߴΡ㱻ѡΪͷ֮ʮŴΣΪûǮ˵Ĺﶼ
ֻڴúһˡ
֪ܲ߰ͭ壬ֻһơЩͭ壬ɸϴ׬ġ
ñ۾ķ֣ԼȻѾ䲻֮ǰģˡ
ֵо˵һİˡ
˵ҪȢԼ仰ԼƭԼġ
ּ˵һ㣬ܽܲˣһǾ㣬û˵ҪݷȢ仰
òסҡͷĵ˼£޶޲
˵仰֮ԻᴫֻΪдͬһȾƣǹڴÿЦ˵ҪݷȢ㡣
û׿˵仰
ø䲻˵仰ԭ
ЩҲŲסŵ壬ԭء
ҲԼСųĹվߵߡ
ñȣۣ˵һ䣺֣Ҳżˡ
̾˿˵ҲôѹеġͻСӳأҪĻԷֶ㿴ţˡ
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ֵ֮ǰﻮҪԼ޸Һͼֶ֪û㡣
ΪҲĵظͬ˴һ£ȻѾӻͷ
ټҲС룬ܼ޸ǵ檣Ҳί
ǰҪ
Ǹˣˡ
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ǣһԶӵʱѵء
Źһϣô¸磿
ûȴҲ䡮¸硯񺮵
ɴ鷿ԽѳȻѵһ١
ȻѵԴĸСһˣȻͷȥ˾ȻѾʼĬд
ҲϽֽ̺ţĬдݡ
ʵ֤иޱɵѧͬԼڲ֪ҲƽŬ
ܵµյʱע䣬Ǳ졣
һҲû˵ʲô
֮Ȼǿ̰壬дöˡ
۳Ȼֵʱ򣬻һץͼĥʱϽߣȻԼˮ
ϱͼشְӡ
Ҳѵһ䣺ƽơѺϰղȱ̫̰壬ȱ
֪ԼĶ̰壬Ҳı䣬ҽѧ˼άƲôġ
˵⼸յŵʫ룬ôǲμӣҸı⡣
ʫֶһһũӳǰӴ̫ˡ
ĥֱ˷ʱ䡣
ȻԴʮԼˮˡ
ʵѾܴˣᱻѵģֻˣûܶԶӵ顣
ҲԼ˵еӲֿ䡣
ſʼμʫʱ򣬾ƵԼŵۣ˵ĵ
ϴξݺĸףȻûĻʹӦþˡ
˵ҾûȽϿţѧһԡȥμԡ
Ϊ˷ֹѧס濼μ֮ͯǰÿҪһţ˵ı٣֤ʵƷ
⣬Ҫڿף
ѾǺܴĴȣһŵù˻ҪȻָᱻ޹ǣ
ȻӦǡ
ôȥЩ߰˷⡣
ͬŵ룬Ҳڷѧȥʫԡ
ʱȥݣҪȻ˶ȫ֪
˵꣬ȥˣѡš
˵ţȥʹѧܸ
ȻоԼһҲȥˡ
ˮƽȥ϶ᶪ
˻ŵ룬˵е㽻飬ǵһγȥμʫᣬѡıȽϺá
˵֮ҪŵѧԻǵøӡ
ȻѾһɵһ͵ȫκ顣
˵д˾գʱѾȥҽʱԿճ
ȻҶС
ö룬ȻȻԶӡ
ȻУͺܿ죬鹦ʵѡʲôʳѡһƻԵĵʣƽƹѾʵˡ
ӿԣͰԼĵ÷Ȼ
Ȼ۾ˣʱƵƵͷ
վڴ⣬ķ˰ѺӣܺõĴ߿ˡ
ԼʫԵСɣȴڿԽġ
ֱ˵ˣڰѧ˼·һͬ߾ˡ
Ͼ֪ˮƽߣѧʫԶûˣͲٸǼ
ԣⷽСɣԼܽȽϺá
ٽˣȻһͷˮҲֻܺСˡ
룬ҺûڣȻļɺǱҲɷϣݵ䡯ʫԵĵһ
ѧ˵Ŀǰ޴
ѧ󣬳ȻΪ˱ʾԼ֮飬Ҫȥҽݲ䷹
ҺܹĶ࣬ҪȻλү뷹ֲϡ
ˣԭ˷ݵķ˱˷ʳе١
Ȼȥʮӣӵϰѵȫ¶˵顣
һ ӣҾ;ƣȻӢ۳ꡣ
ȻЦͬϰʮӡ
ϰùŮֽİʮӣڳȻǮʱСʣɣֵܣδ֣
Ȼ˵ûУׯҺĺӲ
ϰֻ̾ϧлˣ᲻ùŮСлˣɡ
ȻʮߣоԼСĸζܵĪ˺
˵ԼͬϰôͲԼأ
лҪ˵ϰ̫ܳˣһξȻʮӣԲ


48 
һ˷,ȻһЩ⣬ؼҡ
ûôΪʦ,ֻȻѧϰ൱,Ȼɻĵط,һҲɻ
Լãٲû鷿עԿ
ȻϲԼҴ𰸣ϲ
Ȼѵˣͻᷢͼǿһ,Щ⡣
һûʱ,ηˡ
˵֮ǰȻĽᱻ̼˵ԼҲҪһŬ
ÿһС,ͻ˺ܶ,ȻҲͽԼ׷ʵˡ
ܹųȻ,ǡûвˡ
ϴ룬֣˳˵,Ҳô
Ǹүⲻ֪,ѯء
ҩ,⻰,ü
ֻǱȳһЩ
ĴúԻ谵ɫҩǰ,һŵɫۣͷһͬɫд𣬴,ȻڲüĿĿʡ
ֻһӳҩһüߵѧͽ
ǺճĻ棬ȴƲۡ
һĲջƣлһ䡣ǻŵѧҲ֮ˣ²μͯԡ
Ѿ룬ȥҽһ£Щǿҩ
ΪһȻҲũӳȴΪСӱټϼ磬ûɹũ
ӹǱЩ
ǡڶ£䲻һʱ䣬Ҳ̫ˡ
Ҫ֪Ϊ˷ֹףڿڼֻܴһа
ԣǰûһǰҩȹ
֮˵岢޴󰭡
һ͸£⻰Цгģǰҽҩ
ԵҩֶֻԲǿȺȼҩЧҪͼӰ
һ˺в׽
ǰÿ£˴ҩҲῪһЩ̱Ԫҩá
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һգգۣ˵ĵҲ֪ҩҲǸгİ
ЩΣдһӣһζҩ
ǻȽ֮ʣ͵Ԥðˡ
ܹѲҩãݸһ䡣
ҩߺá
һסڻżҵƫ
˵Զ˽壬˵ǿ壬Ķܡ
ܶ飬Ϊһ˿ũ
񻹰ԼȥسǸϿ簰ǰչ˵Ǹʮɵˡ
ʴˣſ˻һĶݣͰߣԽ
һŲҩȥ˵ҩֶȷϣûж
󣬻¡
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Ŵ˵˼άƾ顢ҩڶԲûʱ䡣
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Ҫֻ꣬Ҫ˷纮ǻһضϷ纮
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Լ˵ҩûõģ
⻰һǾԲҶԻ˵ģҲֻһεЦţ˵ȷʵ
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Ŷһζҩ
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ΪһԼҪˣؼȱһɣֱ͵ļѾ𽥳͡
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ĽĸһۣȻǰ⿪Ƹӵ
վûֻ΢΢ſ֣֧Ȩһ
ԭϲڴϴ鷳κˣﷴʮֿġ
ڴţһ̿ۡЩմԽǻܲӦҲѾʮĴˡ
ַʮᣬ⿪̿۵ʱ򣬻ǲɱĦ°ͺͲ
ȵֱĦĺᣬ·һָһǰ۸
ʲô׶ˣһЩϵһͿ
һֱվţΪ½
˰Լĵʥ˾һ궯
±ȥ¶ѾԳЧϰ
΢΢΢ԲҲŬš
ʵĽҲþûǰ̻¶ˣǰǸŹǷѾŽʵС΢΢͹Ըˡ
ĽȥЬվڴϣֱ֣ļ
ֱۡΧȳ
¼һݣڻһ೤ǹۣתˡ
Ľڴߣβ糺졢˫Ȳ
Ľˮ𣬴ϴ衣
δµĸղʱܸоҪĻȻԸġ
û󻹰ãա
ϴ裬ȥ˵ժЩƹϣֽˮŻݡ
Ѿ׼÷ˣҲСιˡ
ȵȸʢ˷̬ȿƸûв𣬿΢Ķ¶˼
극̣ûס
˵һϴ裿
ոճˮ裬ϴһҲ޷
Ľȴɴ۾Ȼͣ£һĲš
ǣϣûб顣ڶյֲˡ
緹Ҳ׼ģǰϵĺۼĴָ治زİ¡
Ľı꺢£ţԴвһ顣
վ۸ˣպúϢ
ĽĹɵķһš
ʣСչ㡣
ĽĸϽҡͷô˼ñ֪
ҿԵġ
лҪ˵
עꭣdengӣҩСơ


49 
,Ϊǰ´һվȻȻθǰˡ
Ȼ۾̧ͷ죬оֱ̫߳ˡ
һɼȻŵ㵽
ʱǶѾĬд˺ܴƪ,Ȼſˡ
Ȼһͬ,Ĵɶɻ˾䣺վȻû絽,һſ˺þá
Σż͵һ°˵,Ǳȸڴѧõ˵硣
Ȼɫ,Ц,ѵ,ô
֮ǰ̫ϳ,˾ͦѽӴ
˼һ£ȻŰڳȻע£ҡҡͷ
籾ˡ
ȻĬһ£ҪСһʵ,˵ϰ
һѧϰܿ,Ͱȥҽ
ҽݵ,󲿷ֶȾ˷纮ġ
ܹҩ
ܹ˵ҩˣ¶,ҩҸö˸˭
Ƴһۣã˵Ȼȡ
ܹһɻ󣺡û
ҩ룬һʵü˼˵зδȻ
ðᴫȾҪǰԤ
⻰˵򵥣Լ˼άƣͲͨ
ܹһҪ
һ䣺ؼǰϴ裬ðѲˡ
ܹ룬ԼȻûҽݴӣӴĶǲˣ˵մϲ
ǰ·ϴû⣬ҩˣȻģǺ˰ɡ
⼸úõ´һϾҲʮ꣬Ѫյ͡
һֱûʲôһ˻磬ҪٹϿɮһҲͬ⡣
ΪﻹиСӣ´󣬵ֿǱ
Щɵ鷿ĵϣһӹȥ
Ľ⻰һ£˲ɫɷס
ҧŴһԵİķԸˡ
ƾż䣬ѽ¼
ô˵ϵԶӵı±ͳȻ߶ˡ
ิϰ˵ԼҲܴҵһС
ȵعѾ˷ˣСӱڻι׺
϶ӹСӣȻӸһõЦݡ
ȴ˵ģѺӱ
ûĽıøӲ԰׵ݡ
ι׺ѾˮȥˣܿϲԵ׺ƹ϶
ﻹǺѹ
Ľ룬ǲ̫һֱҪ¡ɡ
ǵˣҪַ˯
Ľζͬĳ˷ˣͣ£ֻǽš
ܿ¶ףɥʧȨȫȫԼȥ
Ըˬֱʣʲô鲻ϲҴţֻϧԭϲڣ֮ǰٽ
ΣĽĴһԼȻ֤´Ρ´һԹԵķɡ
ˮԺⲽսˣʲôԼ䡣
ôˣ
ȿڣĽ彩һ£̵̧ĶֻԼҪô˵Ļ˵ȥľٶ׼ҲС
Ϊ˲ĽĹԹԵߵǰԴҿ
ϡ
ϸţû
ҲǵһΣǰȻҽ鶼һ飬֪ûӱ濴ûʲô𡣶һӺ롣
ʱԼ˵ꡣ
Щͷ󳹵״壬ʱȫӵһߡ
ͺãʼģ޶޲ֻܱĳܡͷų˯
룬˵̫ˣҲֻűϡ
ģܲˣԺϰߵʱ
ΪһˣԲⷽò
ѾԼ׼û뵽ȴĿİĽ͡
ʧˣΪ̫ţԡԺ󲻻ˡǲҪַ˯òã
ɲǼʮû˳ȴˡ
գյߣ˵ķӦҺ⡣
˲պ졣
˵ηַ˯ΪϺܶ˸Ⱦ纮ҽݸǽӴ࣬ĸͺմ˲
Ŵͣȫţַ˯Ȼɣ
ǡո˵ô࡭ֱҪˣ
۾ȫԼǰ
ܰԼ뷨ֱӸ˵Һܿġո˵ģʵûжķӦʧ
Ѿĺܺˣǵӻãһ㾡ϰң֪𣿡
޿ˣֻܷһűġš
Դ˵ӿˣȥչɣ⼸Ҳܱǧ˵
õĶӡ
ôʴ󷽣»ʮɬ
ȴʮɬͿ԰˴ͷβԼϲӡ
ȷ˵ڵĽľϲӡ
ǣһлԸһ¥
=
ֹ˼գߵĻ߲Ⱦ˷纮
ܹľ
Щ˻ֻǸ纮˵仰ͱȾ
ܹԼź纮˺ҩأ
ҲᱻȾɡ
ܹ˺ܾãԼ嶼ûз֢״ʶǰҩһôǵľ
³ǹˣůҽݵĻҲõ߰˰ˣȫȥˡ
ܹȥֵһȦ˵ֱ
ܰȻȹĩҩ
ܹҲ֪Ͷ϶ǲյġ
ЩСһ㶼ǸϲԵģ͸ķɡ
ܹЦַ˵ҽˣǵĴҲȾ˷纮ҽݵĻ߲ôࡣ
˵ͷ˵纮Ҳʲô⣬ȬãͻˣԺҲˡ
ԭ¾ôȥˣֵܹʱܸоһ鶼ŵľ
ϲöӣֻҪķԸȥ
ĩҽݵĻȻԸɵļҩȫҡ
ܹˡ
ˣ᲻
ѧʶԨʹ˵ܹܾøи๲ͬԡ
ʱ˻̵ôд֡
ܹãһ£Լ֮ǰһѧĶҪࡣ
գ洺ĻӦÿò
ûʱ˭ҲܴƱ˵һܿϡ
ƹĸԭǮƹֱӸ
üĿһɵȻƹ޹»
ƹȴ˵Ӧõģһʱ䣬ֻһҽݿţѾǵȥˡ
㿼ֻܵش
ӣóһٷߡ
ܲ죬ܹоǳԿơȻܰһдľ
ЦֵȻδȡҿҲǳ顣
ȮӲμǣеĴ㶼Ȯֻ֪飬ͨʡ
ƹȴ⻰˵ɱǫ飬ɲ˭ܲμǵġ
ǻû˵꣬Ϳһ磬ͷϰŷʹԼʮҵ˽
˻û˵ŵСӳһۣ˵λã֪񣿡


50 
ǻźͻһ䡣
,һÿҩҩһ˾Ȼ˻ѧмͦûиٵĶ硣
ûžȲѣŵϱÿ˯ǰ˵һ䡮һջûϷ纮
ʮΣֻ̣ɲܵһ˵
⵹һ䣬Ϊǲʵ
һҪôϷ纮,ҪôǸͬһϷ纮
,ÿٵ,лһӰ
Ļһ˴۾׸ʱ,ĸ׷õļаů
۵ܿվڰǰ,Ǹر׳ĺ,ȵİ˵
һ,֪λֻشСҽ
Ϊҽȫǻ,մϲȵ£֮ûһԼȥһˡ
ͲŸչʮӹǻӲʡ
ƽʱûʲôë,ǽζ,ɤӡۡ
ֲ,вţСҽʲô÷ء
ɾô,³㹤Ȼ
ҲôĸŴˡ
ŵڲŵ֪λСҽԭù̶Ĵ򣬶ǰæġ
ЩɥʵλСҽʲôʱ򻹻
־ڴˣæԺǲˡ
ܹ£ѧЩϰߡ
Ƕһ䣺ʲô򣿡
Űڰ֣Ҳûʲô£Сë࣬˵λСҽĽǰ
ܹȻΪ鷳˵ˣҲ֪ǰˣǿԸʦƽƽĻš
ܹźæǲÿˡ
ҲǿܹһûԵ
õһ̸
ӣȥЩܲͰܲѶȥġ
Ļƹ͸ˣģʮˮ顣
ѹȫժΪĹʵ̫࣬ԼҳԲꡣţӼһ
Ƭ˵þܲӡɲؿųݡ
ȥʱɫǴ֪²ҽǻͱСԺɹ˻̫
ȴһֱڴŵķ
ȵĿһӾ
Դպһֱִ˯ƽʱһǵҲɵȻ°ѲȻǣ˺ӡ
СӵֿɵüӱСġ
ԼҲʮߣȴǿƵҪ֮ǰʵں֮顣
ڼ޸źڼ䣬ſʼš
ʵϲ಻ഺڶ𽥷ᣬҲš
ֻһ˻ʮʱʼꡣ
ȥʱ಻ڣ˰һ㡢ëϡ١ӡ沿Եɰ⣬ûʲô
Ҳһֱ굱ܵܿԭ
Ľܸһ˯ķӦȴܳʵ
ǰŰӵʱʮ²Σڶ̶ʮ죬͡Ρ
ʮɬҲҺæҽݵ飬ûз̫ྫϣҪȻҪҸطȥ
Ľ룬ԼߣͲЩ㻳½ˡ
ȫˣһЩξͱʵ
֮۵ĵͷ˯˼Ρ
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˲ƥ޻˷ӣԭǮʣ٣ӵڱµСֳʵ
æǰæĲغӣֻоĺ
磬ְѰӷӼҡȥܲ
Сһ졢Ҫ
òܸһ磬ֻʱСˡ
ַܼܲ򵥣ֻҪڴСʵĿӣѶȥٰƽһʱܲӾͻ᳤һ޶һܲ
ԭܲȥˮ̧죬ָüǴסĿ⡣
˵һҪˣܲĺʱ䣬ˮˡ
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ȫһҪˡ
ĽָԶ˵ЩڣǶߣ磬һƹιҪˡ
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תͷ˵а
Ľʱһ㲻֪ò׼ȥ
֪ҪʲôȴμǰġҪŷһһ˺͸λ޴ʱûʸȥЩ
˵ˣֻҪ΢һ˼Ȼܲ˼
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Ϊľƽȵĵλ
޺п٣ȴϲ£ұԼ뷨
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ĽıɬǿģձһֱСѣرϲ
Сܼˣһ Ǯء֪ԼĶ
Ľĺ⵱Сܼҡ
ʵ֤ĽĶԤûȷʵҪˡ
ũׯҺĲͿʪȵı仯һҲֵýýˮڴڵʯͷྡ
ǿǣŷߣǸǰԴľګ˶鶯Ҳ֪˵ʲô괽ǵЦһֱûɢ
ɿǶԡ
ԴͷҲڴɢ
ʼĲʣô˵ҲֻǸһĺãҲ˳ڿˡ
аĶ԰ɣҲǸĹԺӣƽʱҲ档
İԺ˱ӾҼҴӰҼҲиС꣬Ҳ˵ˡ
㵽Ǵһĸʱ̵䡣
ĽӦˣãˡ
ֻԱ߼ϴ·ӻĸũߣǣĽģĽֿտգŵСӡ
¶ޱȵĽ
ǰװЩ飬ϱӷˡ
ĽģѾǾԽԽԶ
ĽĲϣɴиָߵ˿ԣȥĽľͻعͷȥÿǼ
ĽҲûжѾһƽ
õķԼҲҪǿ


51 
þһ,Ҫҽݵֵĵһ졣
,ֺʫԡ
ϵȻðʱڳ,ϸչ˱ôõСɡСܼҡ
֮ǰ,ͳȻӦ˻ѧ,ȥⲻԶһ԰Ʒ;աʫԡ
ʮǰ,ͳȻƽƶû󣬾Ϳʼдʫˡ
ʫ,ͷۡȻⲻǸʱյĹŴϱӱеĺܶʫ,ʱûд
,ȻԾΪ,һʱͷ
ô,ѧмＸԼ
ôأƽȴֲƽũ,ϲġ
ֵһǣϱӱʫĻڣԼʫҪȳȻǿϲ١
Զ,˶˫һĨڣֻԶ,
԰,Ȼ񶼴һֱᡣ
˵ôһѵģôͻȻʫأ
Ȼ;ãÿһĿ,ü·ӡ
ΪˣԸѵܡ
дʫ䣬ʱ̲סƺã
Ȼ󣬵ȴȻˣũʱԣڴʼ䣬ǲô㡣
ټ״һ㣬ܵԼ̫Ū
ϻصһΣӲιȥϴʱ궼ûκηӦ
Σֻһؾͷſ´ڵľ
Ľѵģͷļ򴦣Լ°
ҲԼָ壬ŰŻشϡ
Ľû·Ͻѱסϵĵۡ
վԭظԼ
ǰҽݣ꿴Լ塣
ڣɷ򣬷ܵ鶼ٶžû˼ˡ
Ľ˵ʵ¶һ˫ϸĴŰ
֪ܲĶϴ죬ܿͲã㣬ߡ
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ʵ벻ˣŰô˯ȥ
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ΪһΣĽ·ȫӰ졣
ĽûʲôȴϸĴһ£˼ȻܳܵĶ岻ߣ߰
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ӵԺԼĴͱһ¶һ˶Цݡ

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ļ򣺡Ͻӳ֮Ҳͷˡ
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ϱӿͣʵ˺ѹϵȽϵûʲôˣڼҲʮֿ
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ȴһһѵĹУжȻһЩʮ΢뷨
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ȻСһ£Сľɶˣڶµʱ򣬾ֶЦʮֲá
=
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Ҳ֪Ҫȥμʫᣬոŷ·ǿ׳һ㣬ǰ·ܻŸ첲Ľע⵽һþˣԸ·ˡ
յ鷿ȻȽ磬ûĬд£ȰԼд
ʫʱģһʫҪ廪һʱдճϢһһУ˵
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ʱǷϻûκ뷨ֻгԺƮԷͷơԣץҲһ׺ʫ
ķܽᣬȻҲѧðԼżŷм¼ݵ䡢ּ
󣬳ĬһͻȻųȻͷһ١
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ѵǳʫȡΪ͵
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ǽŸǸʵ޶дֻ·ܽѡ
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ûԸԴΪԼǴԽߣϱӸ߿ɼѧˣͿҡ
෴һʵˡ
شѧʱЩ֮ǰѧҵķϵ̫ãò׼ѧһֻͯԡ
пȷʵ̫ļˣҪͺˣһܸð췿顣
ŬЯͬˣضǿԿŵġ
ãϾˣаıһ£ȶ¡
ûˣֻʣһĵӾȫѹļϡ
˵Ժʲô£ҡϻмֱ档
Ͻли裬ŷߡ
ؼҺ˯ţԼõϱȻ
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ĽǰڼΪᱻ˼޸ŵԵ檡
ϾھΪٵˣû˻Ȣһ
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½һ֡
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Ȼ·ͺ࣬ӢݣһʱƲۡ
һ·
ϲķʽԶôֱʡ
˵ðҵĳߴɶ֪ˡ


52 
ǰջ·ֻһ,Ŵ,ֻǿĽڴǰ,һһ߸Լ·,ʮ㡣
ĽԱߵĴ,и˯Сӡ
̡
ʱͺѧ,ëʰϸԼǣ˻ֽϡ
붼һҸ
Ȼڷ,΢Ȥ
ֻϧûѧõóֵĻҲֻǸѪСӵЦա
ʱŵҪҲһ,,ֻÿÿ,оġ
,Ľôõˣһûĺÿ˲С
ʻʺϹԼĿе˶
Ҳһֱǳ
Ҫҽ,ȫʱѧһšա
վͷΪ֡䡢顢
Ǹʱ˽鷨黭ʱ顯ָ黭
Ϊ鷨Ƕ˱رļգѾˡ
ѧûи,ΪҲǺų˵⼸Щ,żò
û鷿ʲô
ɼ,ȽϷæԴҲԡ
ڳȻѾǼҪ,ǲܡ
Ȼһûõ֤ʵ
˵߻ûлˡСĶ˾Ǽֻ潲ġʥǰӡ
ȻҲһԽˡ
գڼ緹ֱСԺתһ
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ȥ˲԰ţ˼Ŵ֣ųš
ȻӿǼҵϣһȥ԰
ʱ򣬳ȻѾŸ·߳ԡ
ӵϰһãȻȫ󲻵ôųе··߳԰ӡ
ȻָҪ
Ȼ˵֪ϳԹˣЩʫľۻǰμӹһȺرʫȻ佱ˣһֱ綼Է
Ĭһ£ӹӣѡ¡
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Ȼ˵ҿ׼˺ܶУǳʲôĿд
Ƕͳ
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ûиѧ⸻ͰԺӽˡ
ȻƽʱϲȻ֪·ߣţҲʡ·
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ȻҲ̵Ľһ¡
δڣҲͷβμԡ
룬ȻⲻһĶʫۻᣬûŵѧ໥Ӵ۲ԷƷУμͯԺһ
ɲǿЦף˶ȡʸ
˰ף´λܲܲμӿƾٿԶ֪
˽ӷҲźԼ裬⴩ɫʿ̡
ӷ˵һѧμԡ
һ󣬽ѧʶԨǰ꿼ԣĸûǼȢһӣӳϲϣԽ
һȻһûʮǻŵףлһ䡣Ҳǵһβμԡ
ӷǴ˼꣬Ц˵ЩԼμԵȤš
ǵһβμԺãһ㶼ңţ»
һ˻û̬᲻á
仰Ȼӡ˲٣ǫѷˣԸͲ̫ԺҲô򽻵
˵ŷȱչ̬
ӷ۾һ¡˵һʴӱĸүȻһũ
ֻгȻ⣬ǾʹϢ
ŴǰһΣʮЩ档
һȻǸεɣȫũӵĳ
ҪǣһͲͷ࣬Ҳû˳𸻻ߵ״̬˲ɵһܺõӡ
һ԰š
˿ţӷ˵ͣȥרӭӡ
Ȼһɳд˻Ժ⴫
Զ֮ģ
ӷҲ˵һ
֮ϵöʫɲ١
ӣһһɫ۵˲
ҽܣһָǰ
õ򣿡
⻰һ˳Ȼڳ˶ˡ
ӷֱ˵򣬿ɾǸСҽڲµղ˴᣿
һ˾һֱûڣҲ𾪵˵ġҽũӡ
ãⳡеΡ
ڸŴ󻧳ĹӸϣǾȣҲֵԡ
ҳߣˮƽһ㣬˽﷽棬ûﵽĵز
ӷȻعҲǱһСӸƫˡ
Ҫ֪һȴֱ˷ѽ⡣
ǻ˵һǳÿҩԵʡ
ӷģ֪дһ϶ĬĬţڱĵطˡ
һ˵ǴǸˣǰûô
Ϊ̫ᣬӦòӷ˵
ԭԼã֮ǰȥһˡ
Ȼعﵱˡ
ȵ£ӷЦŻգ̤ЬٴȫѹⱭҾ㡣
˼Ȧ󣬼˿ʼʫ
ŴʿΪջƷʣм費ôľջ
ӷ˵ǾԾջΪ⣬ʫ
һʫͻȻ£ֱӴ
ջãϼĻҪãҵû
ЦУȥһ
һ䣺㡣
ĻҲ֮ǰһСѧͽĳ
۵ӣӢᣬû룬֪˵ЩʲôüЦ
һ룬Ƿʹټʱ͸л
лͳȥˡ


53 
һԽĵһˡ
˶˼Ȧʫ,һһҲĲࡣ
ӷ²ʫ,Ժһ
ֹģֵլԺֻһҡ
ȻȻͬģҲˣŵѧ,ֻӷʫȽϺãҲͰ
ʶһ㣬Ȼʮֺǡ
ķ粻ô,ѧȤ滹Ƿȱ,⡣
Ȼܸо飬ȻҲܲ
,֮ǰ˵,ÿӵѧˮƽһ,򲻿ΪԼ϶죬˶
ȻҲ˵֮ǰʱ򣬴ʫԶ
ϣ˵޼ʫⷽ棬ǱȲϳȻ֮ǰǵطѧ
ƾٿԲΪһĳطƶԵĻǾسǵĿͳһ,֮ǰ˵سǵѧѧϰΧϺúܶࡣ
ôһ룬ǸԼǧи
ҲԺ󻹴򲻴ϿһĹ,ţϾû˸Ե޹ʵ۸Լҷˡ
һһʣк˹ȥ͡
Ȼûѧ߽ͣһ;ûһĻ˸оʮ
Ļܲʮ־Ҳܿⷽ㹻ݡ
ӲֺͱīŨ̶ȵĲݽѾջֳ·˸оľջ
ֵ̾ĻǾɴ񡣡
һô䣬ĺǼϾ֮ǰҪԼһҽͼ͸
ϵĻҲͲȥˡ
ҺãĻ
һСʱл츳ټС͸ڻߣѧϰʱԣȻݣ˸黭
ԼҲҰ·ӳ˼󣬾˵ԼҲûʲôԽ̵ˣǡ
ҲСطľԣһũҳĺ˵Ѿʮˡ
һЦ˵ոֵ;ʫҲ񣬻ĳи֮룬ϣָʫΣ
ջͼߣ100cm55cmСһŻƫдƬףǸĵط
Ҳƴǣ֮ǰҽǼ£˵ĹϵͻȻƴǵĻԵʮֿˡ
ùëʣվñʼīдֻСɾһ㡣
п֣пŵ
һ⻭СûиСëʣֻƽëʫ
˶۸ߡܿ˲Ǵӣļʶ㣬īˮ
ԼʫȥѾÿʻ˷ǣһʮֶ
һջĸ߽ãл㾦֮Чһ㡣
һֽкãֵָзǣֱˡ
ѻ˵ҿҪңÿʡַ񣬱·񣡡
Цһ䣬ʡ˵ʡ͵
һѾϰߣ˵ȻãҾҪֵ̼ÿڼ֡
һʵҲдúܺãϾСͱŴߣôдòų¡
ΪһѸʱ䶼ѧ黭дֵʱɵôһ黭ڣÿֶΪԲ
ֹȻÿҲ黭ܴ
ȴǿƾٿҪĿ顣
룬ʱݸ廹δ֣ƾٿȻҪͳһΪ飬廹壬δ涨
Լ嶼ϰ˴λһĻǾջʴϸݵԸʺϡ
ӷΪңż˲ιլԺ
û֪ʮĳ˰ӵĸ߼ۣ˵жྫ
ΪʫǸʫˡ
һ鷨ֵѾ޴ѰʫȻдȴѾĸ˷ɡ
Ȼ˭Ҳ֪Ĺ¡
һߵߣ˵֣һ£û뵽Ȼ
ʵȥҩȥһҪ㵱л񡣵ȥһΣѧͽѾȥˣұΪ⻭ûͳȥ
һѻ˵زȻƴǡ
ټոոһʫ͵¡
Լ뷨ǾǵõȸʵĻһ
һ黭ݣһֱźЦݣ˿˾׽
ҽʱһЩֵĲ˵ǰΡ
ȥһͷܸܿ˴һƬ
ȵɢʱѾһԼ´μʱ䡣
ȻûһȥⲻʵΪѧҲõǻŵһһ䡣
˾ԼϵĲ¥һߺȲ˵飬һ߽ʫ
ȵ˹ϵõʱٿҲͲôͻأ
Ŵ˱ȽػأעڣҲѾϰַʽ
ǹϵˣǵȻֱӿڡ
һʵҲҩҲûп˵£ϾѾõĴҲİˣֱô˵˾û
һͬߵϣŸ
ʱѾͷѾƫȻ硣
Ҳꤣ⻹Һϳ˳ȻİӣҪȻƾԵ緹¶ӶҪС
Ȼ߽˵ȥʳռǻҾ˵ҪȥʳԷлˡ
ͷӦá
߻ȥٵһʱŰҪŶ߻ȥĵز
ʳ˺ܶ࣬Ҳпλ
ƴ˸ӣλ͹٣Ҫʲô
Ȼĳͣ˵ˣָ˼ѡˡʡ
˳ĸˣѾͦˡ
ȻȻУҲϲ԰ڵĶ棬˳Է͵һӲ˵顣
ĸ˵Ļ˻ǿԳģϾ˴졣
ȻǸˣ˵ѧ
ͷ±Ȼ֡Ϥ˶֪İôá
ǣȥҽǮҲãѧ֮һ
Ȼ˵ҼǵҼһЩ黭ŵֳ˸ȥ
Ȼûѧǰϲ˵͸鷨࣬ıʷ˽⣬ȻԼڸɵĶʷ͵ðʦ
л˵л֡
Ȼڰ֣ҾǸ˭ʦȻửСɻС
ЩʷͼҰ֪ˣĸĽ㻹ö
ʧЦаʦͷʦˣͨ񣬰˷ͣΪȡ
Ȼ˵֪ѧȺΪͬʦˣҲҰʦ
û뵽Ȼڵһ㣬˵ģ߿ԳΪʦ٣ҪҵʦҲݷ
Ȼŷ
ڻȥ·ϣ̲סҡͷŶûͽֻǵʦʦ
ʦ˼壬һΪʦΪ
ʱûаʦĴ㡣
Щ״Ԫ̽ɣҲڲ볯ǰŻĳλ¡
룬ûôԶıʱֻһ룬Ǿ׬ǮѼĴֲ޲
ҪȻ´۸Ļ
ɲÿθϴʱ򣬿屻ĥۡ


54 
ڹŴ,޲ũҳ˵,ʮְݳ޵Ķˡ
֮ǰҴ֯һƥ700ģƯȾȥ,ټ200ġ
ƥԼһ㶼ûȫۡ
һǵ£á
һҪϴ޻ȥаʣµŸС·
ڱ߽߱ǽǵķϣ켸ɰ,Ͼ޲,ֱӵĨ̫ϧˡ
Ŵ,ûĶ죬ֻȥ÷¡
ĽĲһĹŴ,ǰûưܵʱ,Ҳôࡣ
Ѿ¼޸ȻõһӦģǾǲɷů
Ҳʮԭ,ĽĲʮ꣬ԼǸ,ɬ,Ҳŷûá
ȴѾÿղͣСС;Ͳҡ
һϣÿջؼ,ܿԺӱɨĸɸɾ鷿İҲв
Щɣһۻæһʱ
˵չ˺ӣ·ĵ
֮ǰǲƴ򣬼ٲ̬õĹԶԼҷɣҲӹ⡣
ĽĿԽһ㣬ҲʮϲϾʮ갡
ԼʮʱÿճǿĻļ¡
ЩĽĴû˵ȫԼΣûۡ
żõĺöҲȽСԼ
ÿһ¶һͿ
صңĽɿ
ˡ
¶겱ϵĺۣдЦ⣬˵Եʲô
Ľ˵ӳĩ
Դƹϱͺӣƹʱʱһ⡣
ȻܰҪƹĺָǻ㡣
ı־桢ɫ͸죬صĻ֫
ʱϷ纮ĸ߷ʱڣƹ񲻸ұźȥҽݣεġ
۲СӵĽĵȲλɫûбơ桢ֵĻɫҲǰƣǻ͸졣
һԵĻ㣬Ҫҩơ
ҪȻ治֪ôҩ
ƹҪ౧źɹ̫Ҫĸι׺̣úӶԣٽй
ȻʮһӵĲ͵õת
ƹŸлһ
Ǽ˺СһҽκˣصŴл
ԼҲûʲôԵĻ㣬СӱͿԼָûƹӡ
ҲΪˣƹ鷳ӸҪ⡣
֮ǰʱ򣬾ӵţȥƹҲ֪Щ
˵ڰ˾±Ͳñ棬Ҳ˳ˮ۵¡
ʴˣĽÿһܳ⣬սˣԴҲʮ⡣
Ľİ˵㣬Ϊʲôٳ⣬ȴƫƫ˼⡣
ϣĽİϷӴһ㣬ʵΪʲôϲ⣿
֮ǰ鸮żȫիһ£ûʲô
޹ûԹ⣬Ľķ֣ԼʵǺϲġ
ڻͷ룬֮ǰոһյ̲ˡࡢʣлȻĸо
Ҳ֪Լôֹġ
²棬ôʣֱ˵ץұʱָΣ
ĽֱӺˣҲûйҪץ屻һĴ̼ץŴֻܱŰˡ
Ľû˵ظһ£ϲ𣿡
Ľĵ׹ģ̧ͷЦͷϲ
ӹѾ𽥵سΪˣƤ¸һ͵ļ⣬ȫͻأޱˡ
ĽȫʶĵˣҲԼʮϲڵĶĶϲ
סڻǵ뷨ԼĽ᳤ͣ⣬˶Ϳġ
ĽĲ֪Ǳˡִ̼Ǳ仰˼̼
˵Ҷ⣬᲻֣
̫ˣÿֳԵô٣Ȼ᳤֡
˵ţԼཷ⣬ⲻҲô
ңÿæôãֵġ
ĽˣԵöŻ֡һŵ
=
ӾôɿĹţתۼ͵˾¾ڡ
ڼѳȻԼ黭ҲһЩԼҲèֽġ
˵ãȻĴֹۻ˽⣬ҲԻ򵥵Ļݺľ
ȻϰëֽģеҲûҪҶֽϰ
Ľÿһվͻᱻռ´棬ҲʼķŲڲ˵ı§Ĳӡ
ֻǶ⻹ǻȻ졣
ǿֲʧռУĽĶ̬Ҳ֮ǰϲȴֲ˵ȵŸ˵ʵ
ĽһЩСģ͵鷿
Ľֵģڶһ黭ţԱ߲ݻɫëֽѾвǵıī
İѴŴ£ϰ
źĽŶ⣬ΪѾ˵Ҫˡ
û뵽ţȻҪרѧ
֪ĽޱȿģҲ
Щ죬ķӦһָһôҪ̲סһΡ
վڣžۡǸӡ
Ϊ¾գ׾оΪžأΪڹУǸʮּĽա
ΧֻǺ屳ɽ
ɽ·ȴɽһȦߵȥǱߵɽ½ΪƽҲʺһߡ
ʱһܴƽأʺһЪϢ
ָǷ˼٣ڡȻϲüҡ
һóȻ޳ѷţǰѮޱȡ
Ȼû飬òҩҲÿվѧϰ֡Σиջ
Ȼ˵ԼֻܺӦ
һ磬͸б˺üƬ򲼣Сúʵٹ˳Ȼ͵ñӡ
С¶
ǰ£Ϊνջ˵
ȻΪģЦͣ
Ľʱʶ
״ʵۣ
ĽĸϽҡͷһ˶ҪŵǸߣɲܵӡ
˵ˣհѾԷŹˡ
ۣ̫ͦ˰ɡ
֪ĽҪֱֻװʲôû´ϴ׼յ緹
극ӻһˣ˰Ӻ춹
ɩ͹ģⶫ𣬺óԣ͸
ˣӾ˵Ǳһӵɽأˡ
Ӹ·Сġ
Ľڳϴ룬ĺ춹һ£Ӹۼͺ춹
ӦһŴ춹顭
룬ĽĵĳӦ÷ǳãҪȻ춹һ˲ҲӦ
˵ûôིͼóԣۼһ㡣
ĽķҲ֪ո뵽ʲôͻȻ
лҪ˵Σʮ㿨
һ¹趨
/Ůһ߿׬150ҡ
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3
1һƥ޲ۣһ¡¡ۣԺ¥趨
3һĶĲһĶ
3ӿһ䷿һ㲻
30һլԺһ׶ԺӰ8䷿Ժӡ


55 
һ,Щ춹ȫȥȻþˮš
ȻĽĵɫЩ֡
Ѷʰ,üʵͺ춹ܴ𣿡
ĽıСӣĵ˵ͷ
ֺ춹һԭС˼ĺ춹ͬ,˼Ǵ鰮
Ϊ˼ԶϷ,Ͳ,Ա˼Ҿú춹˼
Լָ췢ģҸӸװס
⻰ɹĽϴЦ⣬ոյҲһɨա
֪ǣΪʱиԱ,ԴҶ֮Ҳôų⣬Ͼһġ
еĴ,رϣк,һճӤŮ߸ֱӾ
͵ЩȫкΪ,粻ڴŲԸѹŮ޹ȥܿࡣ
ЩܶһͶȢϱҲȢֻڲΪܡ
Ľڼﻹδưܵʱ򣬶һЩμ,涼Ƶļء
ȻʱСϲЩ֮ҲϲùĻӻ߾Ǹּμǡ
ǰ֪ԼҪʱĵıֵطȥ
ңĸ׿ˣؼҼ޸
ĽĿһ޹ȴֶ޿κεı飬ǳǳľѡ
Сӷ£Լߵǰţ°ס
֪֮ǰˡ
ﾪȣϱȻû䣬⻹һ 
걳Сӣ¶ͮͮĶ⡣
˵ڳ㳴춹ɳ
ͬĶԻҲӼϱȻͺ춹سԲ·
Ӹ޹˵ⶫóԣۼиͷȶ鷳۰Ͱ͹ȥ
ӵϱ˵µʱɫûʲô仯
ޱȹֱ㵽˵ʲô
ϱز˵ˡ
˶ڼҵʱϱŸͲ˵ĿյĽĽ¡
ͬһµΪԼ̫ģⷽ涼ע⡣
Ҳҹȥˡ
=
ϴֻзڣС򱻺ˡڣһڵһ׼һĽա
ȻиСĽͣ˿ӰĽĵ׼¡
һ·СӣĽıңװһЩӱ͹ӡ
Ȼﻹһӣòİǰӵ׺Ҫ¡
Լ뵽Ҫ׼ĶȫѣһҲ׼ˡ
ĽĵԴ˵ǳ
ڵûôˣǽգ·Ҳһ󲿷˶ϼҴڣָŽ
ҪƵɽȥȥϵ·һһֱźӱߣ·Ҳûж
Сӵһ ţ۾ɵôģ
ȻţҲֻܿһ羰ˡ
ϵҶ𽥱ƣڲ֪ʧˡ
һֱӺʹһߣÿæµֳʵע澰ı仯
ڣϰƵҶӣŻȻʶԼѾˡ
ǵûһ㲻ʵĸоʮӡ
Ĺ鴦Ǽҡ
źӱ˰ʱڿһΪƽ̹ɽ·
ĽģȺߡ
߶Χ˻˵Цò֡
Щ޵Ĺʲôܳժȥܵܳԣ
һ߰Ůͯ½ǣָ·ߵʵ
ǣóԣǣɢˣժһͷϡ
˳ָķ򿴹ȥֻɽҶӱԲÿһҶźͮͮĹӡ
һſŽɴ£˴ա
һ᲻ϲֵģȴ־Щʵɫüҵɰ뼴Ϊ䡣
Ҳ̲סǰժһ
˵ͷ̫ã±ȥŪɢͱ촦Σ
ĽȻӦ
ΧǼҳСͷ߶ǣ߾ǳǡ
ֻҰ棬ǲ촦
ּΪƯǽڷָŵɫǵʱ˻еĹӡ
ôһ˲䣬Ľۿˮ
ԴӰȥҲû˸ˡ
ĽĻعոǸ˵Ůվԭأͷ
ĽˢһºˣʮõİԼڰ
ҺŮ׺ܿǣˣ˶࣬ɲܣҪˡ
иƯѾ࿴ˡۡ
ǲǽ㣬Ǹ硭
Ա߸ǵĸҲܺÿ
ŮӲ˵˺ÿ˵ȥѵ㡣
ߣһƬɽ԰ΧΧţģֹժ
ͮͮɽ髣ͻȻ뵽ʲô۾һ
Ľģϲɽ𣿡
Ľҡҡͷᣬϲ𣿡
ûлشֻ߽Ƭ԰ӣк԰
ɣɽ髲ժ
ʵھѹɽ髼ȫ͸ǻûҵЩɽ髵ˣɷһЩ
˰ӭȥʮֿժЩϵĹӣݸ
ɹ̫࣬Ҳһ㡣
ɽճɺãȷʵһЩҪ۸һŻݡ
֮ǰҽݴʱûҩ֣˶úҩ
ܶʱʵûҪô¡
ˣЩɽ髻ȥɽ裬ȥƻӯ١
֮ȻʱûбĶˣ΢˽һ顣
Ҫ򷿣һ˵ĶԺʮ
ôļԸȻø﹵ͨãͬסˣܸǮ
ﲻͬ⣬ͬҲС
Ҳģд⣬һ˲רŸȥ
ؼľǮ
ûķ׬ǮϾǹŴͨ㣬ϵ˹ޡ
֮ǰһѾʮָߵĹǮ
ƹȻܸô๤Ǯ
Ҳ˵Լǹȥæģ϶ռȵƹûҲֻܻؼҡ
īֽʱҲʹϰҪ˳顣
Ϊ϶٣ϰֻܱǸ˵Ҳû飬ԺȥǱרŹӶ˳ġ
ôһ׬Ǯ·ӾͶˡ
Ͼܸܲͬһ絽ȥһûʱ䣬׬Ǯ̫ˡ
Һü˵ؿԸ㣬ƹֲϵ⣬û׽ĸо
Ҳ֪һֱҲɣҪɽա
ʱܿݱĽ߻׬Ǯ
ѹȴֳϲ߿ˡ
֮һԸĬĬãԼ뱣ܰί
ɽ԰԰󣬴˼ɽ髻ȥ
ҪǮʱ԰˵Ҫ⣬Щɽ髾͵ġ
֮ٹҲȱ⼸ɽ髡
ЦŽˣл
ʵ룬ŴͷԻ̫ˡ
ɽ԰λ˺ãڿţЩ˲ժһ۽϶׬һʡ
ôõӣΧҵСûС԰ҲΧ±͵
Ľһյأҷ£һһ߸ι׺һʵҪôɽʲô
˵Ǻ«ԡ


56 
˵仰Ѫ,ҲûиĽĶȤĳɷڡ
ȷʵ׬Ǯ֮࣬һ»ʳ
춹ʱĵһӦǸĽĳ춹ɳԡʲôġ
Ľϲ,ӸմԽǻ֪
춹ֻú󣬻ǣġһ̲ͣĳʱ,ܰеζںϳȥ
ǻЩʣ࣬춹ɳ
Ǻ«ʹɽ,ǽĻ,δ̫˷ѡ
ϾһС͵öʮģ,ݳޡ
ȥǿ,Լˮϼ,֮󰾳ɫƵǽ
ֳһָɽ髹£ʣµľɽ衣
ĽʱԹǺ«,һ˸Ѿ߳ȥʱġ
ѾҪǱǺ«ζˡ
Ļ,ŻȻ,ôʳ
ĽĸСι׺󣬴Сӽӹ,ٱСӲɽ紵
ڰߣΧˣҲ˼ļ
Ľ˵,кö໰˵
üҵɰϣס
ǰȻûпԼĳȴҲû˵Լںη
ݴ˵˵Լɢɢļ䣬ƴճһŵĹ¡
ûе֤ʵϾǰôԣҲȫȥˡ
ƶǰԱȣڽ˰̡
һֱڵ
Ϊڵһ̣ʹ¹ȥڱǰҸ
룬ϣʶֵĶ࣬Ů˺͸ĽʶĶ֣ҶŮֵøΪ
ⶼ֤õĽ
ҼǰھǣܴкܶˡҵǼϴʣ»ж塣
ҵٵģϣȢŵԵӣмҡҰ֮һ
СΧʮӣսˣһһϸ
塢סһ𣬼ĺҲձȡŮ͸ıֱĽ֡
ҲûʲôΪﺢӶ࣬ÿյֵæСʱʵܲӡ
Һаڣҵ١ʶָ֣С
һֱ۲ݣ˵˵žҪ޳
ȴϵļǿСӣҲĶǼᶨ
ʮʱ򣬰زȥֹһ꣬˴ְ塣
еж䵽ԶĵطŮԺ
Ψһһ
鲻Ľ˵Ҳȫ֪
Ľľ㳤˵⵫Ȼ°ͣȥο
棬һǰ죬Χˣ˱ڻﶼǡ
Ļ̌ͷԣʮ˵Һϲڵ
ûпһϲǰŵΪ˵ԺһӡԺҲܿ࡯ĽȻÿٳּСӵʳ
ٴյĻ˵δ̡̫
ֻ˵ģˡ
ոջǿĽ⻰Ҳ̲סгӨӨỨ
Χ˿޻ῴȴͻȻͰڻ˵£޳û˿
˵ȷʵûڱһǸĽա
һܲɱż룬ÿӣ˼ѵ뵽ʲô顢ѹˣһ
ΧԼԼҲпĽ򴦣ˮʪ·
СӱȾ񰢵һֻ᲻
СӵĿ޽󣬰ѵͰעܲܿ޳ᣬǾ˵
Ͻڻ
˵Ҳ֣˲Сӵʱϵı㡮͡СӾǲͦϲġ
ĽߵѹСӴ˲ҲɢȥһЩ
֮ǰرҪõ𣿡
Ľϸ˼һ£ͷֺܿҡҡͷ
ҲرҪãʶǴҼҽɢǶʱ𣬾ûϵˡ
ͷС˵ڲģȥЦһ
СӲ⻰˼֪ڸԼ˵СЦرá
СӾϲ˵ĹעԼϡһܵ㹻ĹעͲˡ
Ľóʳˣ绹ůͣͱŰɽؼҡ
ڲ´󣬲ܴ̫á
ȥ·ϣС˯ˡ
ĽĻİѿգŶԴķҲ
ĽļǵԼСʱŰ½ʣΪʲôģı˺öʫʡ
ܻڻ˵Ȿˡ
ֱѡ־Ҳûһ䡣
֪ΪǸԸϲټҲû
֮ǰڼûдڸС
ĽĴǰΪ˶ϲǸ
һԴСӳϴ˲֪١
Ľﲻ֪ж𺳡
Сһֱ̣ҹСι˯
Ȼܲ꿴Ŀ⣬հеﻰ̻¶Ȼȥ̼
ȥеɽ髶ϴɾˣڰɡ
Լижȥ鷿дһʫɾĺüա
ʵԼĲʫֶû츳ֻܶ
ΪˣѾµ϶ҪȻʫҲ㡭ס
˵Լðѡ顷徭ÿһĺ嶼һ飬ûʱͨƪ⡣
˵˹ȻƵһȴҪǶԼ㹻⣬תϣʵӡ֤ԼĹ۵㡣
һҪ˹ĵдʽݡ
֪͸ϱӵĸ߿һʦིĵоʵĿƪβôдȫѧԼûزġ
˹ȴҪϿÿһ䶼ö̡ƽ벻˵ݵгԼ뷨
Ҳѹÿܿŵôˡ
Ȼڶһ磬ֻ¡Ϊ⣬ÿʫסȥڽˡ
һʱѾдʫһĬ顣
ĬʱҪעĵطдע͡
ȥʱ򣬾ȵĶۺӣû뵽Ȼ¹ز
룬Ҫô¹ָҲȥ˵ʵˡ
һߵʫ
ֱдʫһԾ䡣׾һ֮ǰ˵·㷢ʱȴʮֱˡ
뵽ĸɥҪǡýһӣָö塣
룬֮ǰĸɽǵˡ
ûиĸǣ飬Ȼѹ˵ġ
Ҫ֪뷨ǻεҡͷ
ʫʵĽĵӽȥдģϾ鵭Լĺΰ־򣨲û־򣩣ǶԶ˵˼дָо
ǧŵʫҪôʮֻҪô㷢𡢱ءƵ黳
һʱڶ㡭ûЩ黳
γԻ˸Ƕȣû뵽Ȼۡ
ʫҲһ֮ǰķһ׾дģ֮˺ü飬ĵĲȻ仪
һƽ԰磬ıʵȴ˶ʫͶճũ˵
Ĭһ£ѾȺ
ȫ벻ǰǸܽ·ʫˡǰǰûͷ
ãٶȣʵЩˡ
ڻ̣ܽȰԼ뷨˵
׾дúܲݹС
һʫܿı񣬵ܽӴ鼮̫٣ЩȻƻȴá
˵ţȦ˺ü㣬õɣʵڲʣøһġ
˵˺ü㣬ͣʱ򣬰԰ʫ˫š
ʫʵд̫


57 
һ䡮̫,Ȼ±ʣ̽Դ
ûָ˵ȻƷζһʫ
ȻȻˡƷζһ,ɼ԰ʫһĸߡ
ʫԼĽǶȥ棬ũ,һȥǸ,ûʲôĲõ䣬·͸дռһ
Լûʲô,һʼͰķסĲɻʫ,ʫ
û뵽ԼʫȦȦҪ޸ĵԼԭҪࡣ
Զ԰ʫ,ȴ˿ء
ǡĲ񡯰ɡ
Ȼ󣬾ȻҲֽо
ʫƽ,㷢ľȴʮ
ǹߵļװ,˵ҪһֱŬ,ӲܹԽԽá
Ȼ뷨Ҳƽ,ȴ԰ʫá
һڸʱ˻˼˵ʫкӱ
˵ȥ˰ʫڲ¥
Ȼףͬˡ֪ͯǰԽԽ,Ͼ֪ش
ƵĿУһ˵;ܲܳΪף
ߺ󣬳Ȼ͵ղϣ²֪ϵĲ¥ΧʫǼѧԼʫ˵ء
˵ʫأд
Ȼﲻ㰴˵·дĻû׾
ԴҲΣֻܼĬдˡȻһȥ⡢ԣʫ
ֹ˰ʱҲȻʱ䡣ʼ˹ĵдҪ
ʣʱ䲻࣬Ժʱʮ룩Ҿ͸⣬ڵѧĬ顣
ΪĬ֮󣬵ȥ޸дֲܻȥ
ͳȻȻϲ⣡
֮ǰԼôһֱѧÿսǵʱٵÿ᲻ѧܶණ
仰һŵһŴʯͷҲˡ
ôĺ¿ʱѾҪǰˡ
ȻųԷҲ˲þܾȻ¨ͼʱͷúȵθ
Ȼ˵׼һЩ㣬֮ǰȳԵͲôˡ
ʾͬ⣺ҴһЩ
ȻͷڻǵҷҰأ㡣
ȥǿ飬ǿʮһ۸㹫
¿һҸ̣ģµ˿Ǻ֡
˿ֽǣǽ֥Ҭɵġ
λʵ΢˽ã˷˿ǡҲǸǡ
ľͻȥʮģȴһҲۡ
꿪ĵ飬ȫȻֵ
ȥ˽ɺҩĶܳҲΪˣɽ֮һ
ܹɻ󣺡ֻҪҩ𣿡
˵ţһֱֿӿڷ״ҩƺ˾Ϳҽŵ֢״Ȼܿθûߺҩˡ
һϽ׷ʣҩ
áеõĹˣֲ
˵Ǻͨҩ裬ƵļҲޣһк֢ܶ״ɿڡ
ҩ
ʾԼͲȥˡ
Ͻú󣬿ɷȥƹ˵¡
ס򣺡ڻֻи뷨ҪĿȻҪҹãùѰѹأ
ȻӦ˿ҩ¡
ϾҪҽ߶ˣܹ󱳵ķӣµġ
=
ȥǺ춹ҲݵĲ࣬ǷŽ֮ٳǳĶɳ
һڹǿ顣
ĽİСιڴڲ࣬ԼԺɽȥˡ
˵ҪǺ«æȥˣǲӦá
ĽĿü䣺йǮģҺ⡣
ʲôǹǮ
˿Ǻ֣л
һ㶣еľֱӴԼϣһӡ
⻹һνԼ
֮ǰǽ
ĽѿڶֺҲȥĶⱩ¶ӡ
룬Լ֮ǰ£ûн๫߷Դպһֱƺ
һСģ˵ȥˡ
ǰ๫ֳƺʺ֮С
ôһԺо͸̻һڻعʱֱӰڻ۸˫΢ŷŻȥ
ǣ˽ĹЧʵ͵һز
ĽıԲβ糺Ⱦ֬ȴֱõ֬ɫҪ͸
ԣٽһ䡣
ĽŴҳİֱӲ˳Ķϴݡ
ûֱӵ淴ĻСϽУòã
ûסְڻףķɣôôɰ
ȴǿռɵĶ񺺣˵ǾͲֹһƺҲֹһˡ
Ľɫ˰ףȴȻɣ˵ðɡ
ɽ髶ѣ˺ܿͰѺȥɾǱߺ춹ҲˣüɾĴ鲼ź춹ˮ֣˷
ǿĹﻻ˺üˮֱ٣ٰƾǳɫǽˡ
׼õľð˸ɽ髣һһмĺ˶ƫС׵
ȻɿİɽǽйһȦ׼õİ״ɵϡ
ҵСǽ첹ĹǮ
ĽĶӣ̵ζ¶һҪ㡯΢Ц̲סա
⣬ĺ
һǺ«̵Ķˡ
ҵɽУֱڶᵹһǽһͣס
ԼѵڶҲ̽ȥϽȥιһֱ˵ҪɽˣĽŶٴγȥ
иʯͷĵӣþû⣬ѾûζˡԵɽ髣һִɽ衣
ϾҪȫĻýһһƾʡ
Ľһ߳һ룬ƽʱûоرϲĲˣζҲһֱ嵭
ǰŬ˺öˣȻԣûпرϲ
ϲԵĲ˰
Լ̫ˣÿһֶԼϲġ
ȴ֪ϲʲôϲʲôĽľԼûãЩֲˡ
ͷµʱѾѴɽʮţ춹ɳҲѿǳˡ
⻹ʪɽ裬ǰڷȵϾͻᱻɣҲԴȥ
ȻãҲյһ㷴پԼҪҪȥЩɽ髡
ϴĻȻԡ
һźɰмƬ̲Ҷӡ
ȥ֣Ĭ顣
ĽľԺõĺ춹ɳӣ鷿ӳӰһԼҨһ׺춹ɳ
óԣǺͶӵںһһһ̲ͣĳá
ֱǱϨ˵ƣĽĲŻȻ֣ԼѾԵһС붹ɳ
ʣĶ޶ɳͻ顣
ȻԼǣԼϳôǰ
ĽĸϽѹӷŻȥȻȥˢϴ衣
ˮʵģһϴ𣿡


58 
Ľ֧֧,Ȼҵĵͷ
ֻ,ǧܱԼѺ춹ɳС,һ˯ǰ
˵ԴСĽĻûǹ,Ҳ⡣
ϴΰ,ȴǿһֱæ,վվȡ
Ǵΰĳͷ
ĽʵڲԸ߳ܵһĻ,ǴˣˣȴСһ
ԺСǿšҹ桯,϶֡
ԣĽĴ۶Գͷ֡
ɽûסټһֱŰ֪ͳôࡣ
ǧܱˡ
ԺС,ûרϴķ䣬Ľֻܸȥϴ
ҺҲûעЩ,ĽϴشϣпԼӹһ١
ȴû뵽ϱ,ƣ,ֶ̧§ڻյ˵´ٳô춹ɳǳͷ
Ľ۾˲Բͨ,ԭ˰
Ⱦ糺գȻĳͷһ㣬Ҳ
һҹΡ
=
ȥϣԼõĴɽ裬ȰЩŵãĻá
ûУǾͷεʱǡʳ丹ƣԼƼһ¡
ԭûô翪ţȥҩģ͵ƺõҩء
ʮöɽ£˵ɽҩЧȽͨмɻ䣬һƢθ˲ܳԡ
˵˼㣬򶼵ͷˡ
ȵ˵꣬ѾУЩɻʵױܿҲ˵Щҩ裬ʺϾ˳ԡ
Լô꣬⻰˼˵ʺϾ˳ԣǾ̫׬Ǯˡ
ĵͷ
۸١
룬ʮҩֻ˽ӽһɽ髣ɺʮǮϡԼöҹģҲࡣ
һ£һɽģɺΪ٣ģϡһ룬Ҳʮġ
ʮöɽĳɱʮġ
˵һöҩһǮһöһΡһʳʳվͿɻ⡣
Ҳ˵һҽݣԭҩҪʮǮԴɽ裬ֻҪʮġ
ԥһ£۸ǲе̫ˣ
֪ĳɱۣҩ˵Чһöһġֱǰײ˼ۣ
ǫѷʵøö۶٣
ҽݴˣҩĵļ۸ʮУ˵˵һöģҩԻ˵ϾǸտʼ۸Ҳ̫ܶߡ
ҾãǾͰһٵۣöġ
Ĭһ£û˵Ѿ˼һٳöǮôһöǰǮʱԽ۵ġ
ȵպɽ豻߹㷺ܵʱҲܽۡ
룬ͷԣȥĿϧˡ
ܹͷɻ󣺡öģһö𣿡
ûɫ֪Ѿ뷨
˵Ǿȫˡ

ܹԱһ±ƣоԼѧһ
˵ʮöҩҷóۣ׬ǮһĲա˺ԼǾͰ˷ֳɡ
Ͼԭ϶ÿһֳɷֵҲֻ֪
ҩֶÿһֳɷֵȺҪһпܳԳ⣬һûЧ
ЦЦֳҲƹĵʱ㽻̸
ףãҩ֣áʳ衯Σ
գ
Ȼֱӵáɽ衯֣ǵŴ˴Żϲ򵥴ֱһֱ˵ҩЧ֣ȡˡʳ衯֡
ȻһԼĿǣɽ衯ǰĹŴҲС
ڵطֻһСϢ˵ʱطѾˡɽ衯ֻСϻûˡ
½̧֮ͷͷʱ䣬ĸۡȥ
һߣǻſЦ
ϱֶԼĻеⱲȴ˿̫֪ʱı¡
Ȼ˵Ǳģȥһ£Լ֪Լһ
ΪúЩʱ䣬Ȼĸۡǰˡ
Ȼ˵¿ǳˡȥʳԷѾڱ԰ʫˡ
Щȣô𣿡
Ȼ˵ǰҲû뵽ô죬ʫдĺãôʵ󲿷˶
ټƽϿڡֹȥǳԷö߶ʫСż䡣
һ˵һ߾͵Ժǰ·ôͦСظ˵Ҳᱳ
ĺ
Сº׼о񣬱Ҳ죬һͰʫˣȻصȥԺˡ
Լʫһ棬ǰǾһ档
ǸϲҫԸҺΧֻгȻʹɣҪȻ»Ρ
ȻŴԶȥıӰ°˵Թԣһһġ
ԭЩ͵ձȻ仰ɢˣεһЦпȷʵе񡣡
˵ҲףֻһС򣬽ͨ㣬ܰѺ˹ִϻۡ
ЩŴ󻧳ĹӣǺεȵķɡ
ԴȥҲֻһ£Ǻ«ʹɽˡ
ȥͱû뵽ĽĻ£һӱСʱ仹Ҫ缸ֻ֡ȥ
վڰϣ˫ȷֿıնҪ󣬻ЩЩڣ֪Ͳ۸ôˡ
Ȼ͵͵һװСȵ鷿Сı¨档
ⱻ֡
˹ؾصʫȻϰ顷徭ÿһĺ塣
ʱ䣬ǰ͸㡣
򿪴鷿ɢɢζ
ҪǱ֪Ȼ鷿Զ϶Ҫ֡
˵쿼ǲܵ´ȥԡ
ȻҲܵͻȻ̵˵ͷ˵á
ҪȻԶʱĵֱ̫ĥˡ
˵ˣȥԣǵ緹Ե磬һѧֱȽŻ;Զ
ҲˣԼţ͸߸ϣѵѧ
෴ȻʵǸֹһ˵רѧҵûǮ˿Ӽá
ʱ򣬴Ѿ˺һˣ·һζ͸̵ζ綼ɢˡ
ΣͳȻȥڵѧ֡
⣬Ҳ˳ˡ
ֻҪǼ֣նһΪͬɽ
ҪԼ˵ҾԱߣ˵Ҷš
һ򶨣ѾϰĺΪ˽͵Լ֪ʶ
ɫʮ⡣
ȻʵĶĶãǶԼûġʵҲȫشˣֻһЩСطûעϸڣѾܿɹ
֮ǰһļѧȣֻСѯԼ⡣
Ҳ֮ǰԸΪͷݷ򡯵ˡ
ʹɫΪ˵Ǹ
лҪ˵
΢֣˵ǸĹ
ĺҵͷԡ׬Ǯӣ޲
һǮˣʮǮʮˡ


59 
Ȼֱ,ͳȥ,ʱ,Ҳö
ǡ׷ȥ
Ȼ,Ǹ²ȥˡ
֪,,ѧ鱾ֽ,ҪǸ
ϴ͸õǸˣǷҪ˵£Ҳ͵û
ҵĴ,յǸȥʳԷ
ȻѧЩԼҾ鱾ֽ
鶼Լ,дõҲҶֽһֽҪһӣʱûݳ޵ز
ߵڵ,ⲻ֣,ֻҽҩ˲Ż
˸Ͻס,֣ȵǡ
վһȺΪˣЩѧҲԭͬ
,Ǵ˴רΪȥƮԷǸġ
ļûƬΣ˵ûйͷƹκ顣
һϣɾ䡣
ȥ꣬Ǽְֻ֪˶ϲͷơ͹㣬ߺҪݷȢ˼ҹš
Ϊ¶𺦣ǻȥ󱶸Ρ
Ǹ
վԭأһֲǸδ̫Щ
ҲԭƷйءеö£ҲֻЦЦ˵͵ڿЦ
ƫƫԭǸˣҲѹֻ˰ˡ
ԽԼжŬñʶˡͬʱЩԷҲȫ
ҲǼ£ƾҲûκӰ졣
˵ˣҲ˴Բ˵ʲôӻͷˡ
Ͼûݷ£ֻҪ΢һͻᷢʵǸܳɵˡ
Ǽ˵Ǹ֮󣬼˵һЩ
֣֪ˣҲԸȥƮԷ塣
ֹأ͹ȥˣҲûκ塣
ҿԽǵǸ⣬ʹ˱
û˵Լԭ£Ͼ˺ʵԭĽġ
룬ԭͲڣĽĿҲԸƮԷйص飬³׽ҹ
˿ԶߵıӰ˵ԭ𣿡
Ǹô˼Ҳ׷Ѿãԭˡ
ǰôûʱôأŽ߻˺¡
=
ȥãĲʶһĴк
˰տɻ
ܹæԲЪŵģǿɱ۰Ͱ͵ˡ
ܹӹı¨ãڸܹи˵
ʳһ˰öÿöӯģһֱöӯġһӯʮġ
Ȼһֱ˵ʳãܶ˻Ǿҩûҩףֻʣû򡣡
˵Ҫѭ򽥽
ܹһĵͷ˼Цţ˵Ч޲Щȫȥ̫ļˡ
˵ɴʮöȵտԺܿЩʳͿĿˡ
ġ
ҩĻʣ£Ҳûҩģʹʳ󣬾ͻȥˡ
絽ҵʱ꺱ûڳԺæ
±¨ȥҲŷ֣ڴϣа
û뿪ʼ죬ǱȶŲϺ޻
һ㲼õ޲ļвֱôֲʣµĲϣÿԸСһⶼ޲Ƶ¡
СƤϸۣټǸȻþϸ
֣һɾۣڴߣһЦϵĻ
ִ⣬ѣ׼ȷҵ°ڴ̽ȥ
ĽͣϵĶ۽޷ɿգ£ɵĵľˡ
С˵һҪ
ȴҲûֹĶ
ҵȥ᲻صĸš
ϾͿ겻ԾҲֻ갴һ£ʹ
ϾȲᣬŲѡڴϡ
ĽıôţտʼЩĺҰҲû
ⶼˣոΪ
Һû֮ǰǾ仰ҪȻĿҸطȥˡ
϶ͣˣſ˵Ķۣ
Ľָһ˴ŰյĹѾ۾Ҫ
ĽһֻɵĦҮְף˺ȥ۸һ¡
ȷʵû۸ͷӣ˵˾˯һȥ֡
Ľĵȷһ˵Ҫ·һ߾˯ˣǵЦá
Ҳ֪걾磬Ҳȷʵˡ
֣ϵһĻ
ȵ̫бʱҲﺺǵĿ˵
ȥ׳Ҩɽ髺ҩľͺܷ㡣
Ǹ̳Ȼأ̫СһĥҨࡣ
׳˵Ҹȥ񣬲¥дʫأ
Цͻ֮
Ǹˣдʫ֪ܱô֤дúã
ҨҼʱҲòϣãʲôʱٻͳɡ
л׳硣
=
ϣûٴ۸ĽģҷÿҪæһҲɡ
Ҳ᲻ᱳʹʰ
ϳŵʱ˵һ˼ǵȳԷ֪𣿡
ĽĵͷҲҪ̫ۡ
ң
ţ
§ڻһЦˡ
ֻĽվԭأ룬ǴӶͷ䵽촽ô
ǲ¥Χʫһ죬ܱϵ˼סʲôʫͲ˵ܾߵˡ
Ȼʫӱģһ԰ʫ
д˾󲿷ׯҺճҲûпּԽ׽Խζ
ѧڲ¥һˮȴһĵ
Сϳõ˵ʲôǮһĵط
ƹҪ֪ҸĲˮѣ϶ҪҹǮ
¥ôǮѾһأȻڲˣǰ˵һЩҩڡ
˵лˡ
һ䵽ʱ򣬴ֽͱīﻹһΪĶ
࿴˼뷨͵³ʳ衣
ʳãƼҩҾ˼ö
ЧܺãҽϽȥ˵㡣
лҪ˵ع


60 
һС,һӡ
Լ֬,˵Ƽҩʱ,ұܾġ
Һõʱ뵽Լ֮ǰһЩ飬д˾ǴҩõĴΪ˻Я,ҩֱӷá
ҩЧҩ,һȥҩ
΢΢,ڽӴ̫,Ҳûйɵ
ˣ˽⵽Ľһķ顣
ȻһҲǵ;˵Ҳе,ĺϸ
һɫ棬˵𾢣ҩǰöһԭһݡݣҲһ,򻹸һġ
ʮּʮ޹,ֵܣҩ豾һöһǮ,ΪͷԾ,Ӳһļ۸
֣Ҫȥ϶ĵǮ࣡
ЦЦȥ˵Ҵ˼ԼĻ,ָ㡣
һҲԼ˵̫ſ£˵ĵСˡ
ӣĻ
һ䵽ѧѧ˽ʮ꣬һ۾ͿֻǸѧߣЦЦҾͲˡ
ָմһˮ˵Ǵϸ˵ȣī
һ˵Լһֽʾ
ȻмϣʸӾͱʮǰ˺ðıʷһʹ˳
Լ˵ֲɳһһʷ
֮á
￿ɹãΧҲ٣ôһһ֪һʱ͹ȥˡ
оԼ鱾Ͽĺܶɬݶõ˽ͣԻһĳƺҲӻֱˡһ䡯
ȻȻ֮ǰ˵黭һ;㹻ˣԱиָ°빦
һʼҲͷŵ̬ȣһָ̡
һЦ˵黭֪ʶ˽ĺܶ࣬ҲʡҶѿࡣ
ЩʷֻҪȥϰò˶ãͿԻԼ뻭
˵лһ䡣
һָһЩʫţҲԼ԰ʫкһ㶼˽Ľ
дԼ׺ķ˺ܴ壬ȴȦܶ޸ĵطʫ
ȻʫҲȫҪ޸ˡ
һ俴ɴ۾޲ڣԭΪʫӽյʫѾǰ۷壬԰ʫٿʫÿһ׶ޱȾޡ
ǫһˡ
˵꣬˵ʫľһ֮̿ĸܿͱˡ
һȥʳ˷Լǿ飬ųȥ
һصҺȰİöҩʸ
ȻְԼ齲һ顣ϴ͸˵ˣʵǸСҽ
һ˵´ΰޣ
ŵˡ԰ʫҲˣúܺãһ֪ͨʫȫȫ֣֮ûжһһ䡣
ۺ룺ʮˣμͯҲʮţ˹дĲǰ׺пܾ
ãҲѧѧ˼ҵ㣬֪
һӦˡҲûй֪ʵҲѹķʽ֮һ
ڴĸĸÿϱضĸ·żרŸŹǡ
Ȼ˲˵һ֪ȫ˶ϣԼοԸС
δڵţƫƧǾһĴڣ
ɻһҲ֪ԼʵӷҲǧǵһ ûУԼ
һѹ޴йֻͱ˵ɲҵ
Ҳֻʣ¿ɬ
Ҳ֪ԼֻһͨũӣȴСүһСûɹũöǼ˳谮
һõ硢ʧ
ſŻһᶨȥϰˡ
=
ҩֶĶǿڱͻͷ͡
һǸӣܹҲ˵գһʮö
ͷһ࣬˼ⶫЧҲԣöǮֲ
һ⣬ǾǼɽ髲ˣֻʮȥɽһˣٽɽ髻
ϴ԰˵ˣٽϣǾֱӸ͵ӿڡ
ɽһģٽһӣ۸㹫
Ҫ԰ɽ髹ӴдƷϳˣԸվ͸ĽǺ«
ҵʱԼԺǿϵӶժһŵڴ̨ϡ
ԭµֻĸһֱĽĺ棬ծծһ
⸱΢΢
Ľļˣǰӹ¨Ȼˮϴ֡
ֻȻӲĽһսǾͺ˼װʲôûӣڵϲ֪Щʲô
ĽĸῪ۵ۣ̿Ƕһϸȥġ
⿪ҲΪ˳֡
ڼﴩ°ɫ鲼̴ֺͳԷҲ㡣
ĽһȥԺֻծͽĽģǵӡ
ԴţֻʱǾһֱס£Ǹˡ
ӲûãͱĽһȫ
ֻ
ǵһδϿ߳ŭı飬Ȼתͷֻ
׼ȷ˵в
ǵĿٸҾͲԣ
˵ʮףĽû뵽װͰ͵ĦҮҲ΢Цʹ
ֻη塣
˵û£ҴһǷŽȥٹһҲøǴˡ
ĽһֻͬǰܹԣΪӣһͷˡ
һߵǸǰֻװȴҲµŲ
ɵòС
壬ֻҲûڣĽһθ࣬Сˣֳԡ
Էʱ򣬰͵Ƶĵо
Ĳϣ۽˳ͣȻһֱ
ţ߶ӣ˵Լȱ
ӳẓ́۾˵ģҲֻҪרŴһ
˵ǾʹһװֻӰɣúȥֻ
ӵͷţֻͲҳҪ϶úúøɲӡ
̶ֳȵĻѾȫԾˣЦŵͷ˵ȷʵ
Ц˵ǰӻ˵ϰ·
ɻ󣺡Ӹ´ô
ӿһº̣Ͳ֪ˣǰµһЩĥ⻬ľϣϢͨˡ
ҲͲǴҲҼҰӣǰȹ¾Ƶġ
סҰǸ
һӦҲҼ̣ҳš
ӵͷ̬ðУƾ仰ҸҰӶ򼸸С
ֱӹָл
ȥĬ飬Ȼ鸩Գţÿʮ
ѾԵĸؼҲ΢΢ͻԼѾΪ⡣
ϴݣ껹û˯˵ơ
ѣ֮ǰǾ仰
ִ£˵ģҡ


61 
ĽĵÿԵγˮ,ָⶼġ
,˿Ļᡣ
Ľ԰ľ,۾ʲôȥ
ϸϴˮ,ָĶ
ֶȫʦͨ,ĽĸտʼЩɬ,һº,𽥵Լ֡
ĽĶԼѧϰе
ƫû˵͵Ƶƻżըһµ˵ĺ
,ĽĴɫ˾Ȼһɫһ㶼찡
˿ӣѸٵֳһ,ٻȥʱĽѾ,¶һضϸְĲ
֪ںߣֻ,˱ڻ
Ρ
=
,ֻʮöɽȥá
ûͣ˵ҩ̫ۣǧҪע塣
û˵ԼΪɽ髲ˣϾָʳ׬Ǯʱй
Ӧˣ˵ҿĶ಻,һʮöɽ裬һϿ꣬͹ƹ̸ʽĺˡ
ԣɫҲһݣá
Ÿûãֻö˾ʣʳ軹ҼҺϳԷˣ
˼ҴֱӴ߰ö
ܹһۣӶԷп˷ܡ
ҩĿ죬õҲܴȥǶġ
ƹѾõȺˡ
ƹ⡮ʳ衯Ч˶𺳵ȲȳԸȸʳ顣
ƹѾ׼ֽʣֻŸ̸ǩֻѺ
ϾǮմߵĶһֽԼڣ
ƹ˵ⶨ۲˵ʳҪҩģɺɣҩҵṩҪȡ١
ȻҲ֪ҩĶܱˣҩһҡ
ԣֳɵĻն˷֣ҶˣΣ
ɲôֱӽƹĺ⡣
˵е̫ˣȻͷĳɱɽ髣ȴе˴ҩķա߷ְɣʡ
ƹĿĵ˵ĲΪԺǸɴµ˰
ֻϧСݲ
ⶨ˺ԼǩֻѺԼһʽݡ
ֻдṩδһꡮʳ衯ÿղʮöĻȻ׬Ҳࡣ
磬͸԰ͨ԰˵Ͼܰɽ͹ȥ
ٽɽȫ鷿ĽóԼ׼õĲҩʼҨĥ
Ľڳǿ飬ˮ
룬ҩ˰棬ɽ髲Уûרŵĵؽѣֻܰõҩȫ˵ȥдĵط
ٽɽ髣һһӣǧöʳ衣һҲһٰʮö
ҩƹṩʮöʳҪõʮǮ
һٰʮöҪѾʮġ
ȫȥͿ׬ʮġֵ߳ɣë׬ʮġ
ȥɱۣ׬һʮġ
ôһǰеɽ髶꣬׬ӣ
ȻǮ򷿣ôҲֻˡ
Ҩĥҩĺɽ髣˵Ҳһֶ
ΪÿҩʮöѾļˣƹöԼ󣬵ڶֱ˽ӽöҩ裬ãȻ
˵ҩҲ
һ£æʳ飬һЩС˵ģٽɽ髡
ƹֱӰǮ֧ӣȻë֮ǰǿɽ髻˴ӡ
ҲֱĽĵСһ ˳ʮӡ
ÿ˯ǰҪĴŵӣȻ֣µذСӷ档
ضЦʮӾôģ
Ľĵͷ°ȥ￼Ե̲ˡ
գûŸԼ£
Ľġһ£̫ҪɣҶڼۼеأ
룬еҲﰡֲһֱġ
Ӧȥׯһµļ۸ˣôһȦɫëߣ괩Ϻֻ¶һСһܺÿ
˼գȥüһѸСӵߡ
ĽĿЩߣľѡ
˵治ˣͿˡ
Ľϣš
ˣҡ
Ľ⼸ҲûţԼڳķϡ
żˣȥ͵͵ժһԵ
Ľһֱţ˵ȵѩóԵʱ򡣡
ʲôԭʵũҵľһ㲻̫⡣
һ̵ѩʱ
ƤȻͷСɫ죬һ˺Ƥ׵룬һһӣԶɽѩȻ
ĻѾõóˣСƫҪѧһһնʮֿɰ
ͰһĻ״鷿ĻͲ
ֻԽԽʱ򣬾һ𣬵纮
üﴩϵľ·һӣͷҲĵĹ
Ӿõʱ򣬽һɽ
һиҲиӦҶ˵ܺĲ֮ǰĩЩ
ӳ˵ŮծģҪ̫Сҿ϶
ЦЦû˵ʵŮߵˣҶѾҲ
ŸѾһްûƫĵ׵ĵز
ڵ峡ѩҹӭԪꡣ
ǰѾȫд˸ֺʹ궼ɴ峤дģԽԽ󣬴Ҳүϲ
һ
峤һ߳һЦ˵ϹͷϢˡ
Ȼ峤ô˵峤Լһ֡
׻˵ô¸صٺò
ԼдϲĴζҲԽԽ㡣
ؼһĽܲŹ˺⣬˿ײĽİСģİײӣʮַʢ
˾ͰѶ֮ǰֵĴϣյĻȣһ̳峤͵Ĺ𣬸굹һʣȾ𣿡
ĽĻҡͷԭ˳ҪȺƵģʱ˭û
˵Ǿͺȵ㳢
Ľѧһоƣĸо˺һŻ
Ľݰ𪣬һȾƾͷձҺɫ۾Ҳˮġ
ģ׼ٺȣԼһһ̳ơ
ϱӾУԭ֮ǰȾƣҲټϹߣһ̳û⡣
ֻ΢ˡ
룬ԼѾˣͲ˹УϲںԼ޶
ҲҪΪǣƴԼȥȡ
Ԫ¸չû죬س˸ʾ˵׼μԵĿԴԼȥȡ
Ҫдᡢ䣬Լͥϵ
⻹һǵ˵ӣͬĸ˺һţǹ涨ҲйʵţµֱһҲ˵ʸ
壬Ȼ͸̤ȥسǵ·
Ȼг´үϵڣҲһشţ
ţŷǸΪģĲ࣬кܶС񵲡
װԼĻϴ·鼮˴һȥ죬ҲһγԶˡ


62 
ţӵǸ֪Ҫٱ,ӦǼӹ̹,ʹڿӿݵ·ϣҲر
ֻţȻ,ΧҲʵʵ,վвԪµ£˷
ֶ,ΧǵݺľͷһСľͻˮ
ʴ,󲿷˼Ϊ˰ȫ,衣
Ȼ,ٹ˵ţ趼ͭס,СϰռĲᲢۡ
ϵ仹ڳܷΧ֮,һʱһֱԭزŲ,С¶Ҫˡ
ڱ˼ӣȻţݸһ
ЬůһůҪȻôһֱţȵس,Ŷ
ҲǴ²Ь
ϵ·ڵⶼĽģЬӡЬ׺֪Ľһһߵ˶á
ţڲ,޷ȫ£ֻܸԹޱڽ
˵ϳʦҪЪЪ𣿡
˵ͣ˵ʴˣ⻰ѯʳȻġ
ϾϳʦţǳȻģ
ԭһȥѧӶһţÿ˷̯һ㳵ѣҲһĲ
Ȼֱ˵ţ֮ǰ׳žڼҶϢţ
ֱӸһ·ǣ·˻һ顣
ʱڸпȻľߣҲӦˡ
ֱԼ˳ŷģһָͷ붯ᶯӱˡ
ȻĻһ䣺ʦô
ϣϰϣ
ʦݳȵ峿չʱа۾͵ϡ
Ȼһ
űůһû֮ǰԼ׼õӱó˷ʳ
ͬʱйƶߣպȵůӡ
ڵ磬һ˵ʱ򣬵ͰسΧǽѾڴ
һһ㡭
Ȼ֣˵һá
˵ţҪҪǡ
סǰʹ֪سǷΪڳǺǡ
ڳһĺĺ˲óţֹͨС
ĺĺڳǽߵˣ״ʮ¡
Ȼڳʱ㣬ſͨС
ĺôġ
˵ǽղڳǣȻڸպÿԿȥûҵŵĿջһٽŵļҶסˣ㡮ҹʩ̡
˶٣˵ǴջֻǱĲμӿԣԶһЩûϵ
ȻҲ֪Լżˣ;ѯʿջɻпշ
Ҫ¿ʩ̣ɾ㶪ˡ
ʱɫջ϶ӼۣҲֻˡ
ҵһҲٽֵĿջɾһ¥ǳԷĵط¥ṩסޡ
СһǵĴ֪ǶˣдĽ
﷿ªû׷Ҳ˵㣬һ䷿һһٶʮġ
ªںȻĵһ㣺ṩ̿𣿡
С˵У
Ǿôö䷿
ջ͵ƣӳüĿ忡ӲʡһҲ۳Ͷٵ̬
СǼ꣬¥
̫һٶʮһǻҪס⣬ǾǾʮġ
⻰εҡҡͷȻϼӼˡɴ󻷾ˣҲֻĬĬܡ
Ȼסڣÿ˷ﶼֻһһ׿ĴһӣȻª
С˵λϴĻȥԺǵС٣ˮš̿һ͹
Ȼֻ뵹ͷ˯ȴǱ죬ԼҲʰ·ȥϴ衣
ԺԡһһľͰðӷָ
ʦˮֱӾ͵ȷʵ㡣
绹ǵһ 裬ˮ¶ƫߣһƣ͡
ϴʦҪˮϴͷϴɢţֱ¥
ȻҲϴӣ٩ɰ룬ҪЩÿ
룬һĻش𣺡ÿ
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ŭҾˣҪϽУȢϱӣ̳Ҫ޵Ҽң
ֵ޻˵ܲĬĬȻаɣ
ˣڴȻͷ̥ڳɡ
ʱСŮשôһ˵ӻ߷ɱʹ̫࣬Ǿͻܵܶۺָ
˵ðӼȻңýԼ飬ôֱӸӸһԺҲһҸ
£ǵȰӳ˵
峿ϰϴĬ˰ʱ飬ȻǱ߲Ŵ
һ¥Է;ͨ佴ˡ
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ҪȥʱþڳΪسǷԲڵĴׯȥ·
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ǵģ֪ͯԵѧҲΪѣֱǽȥˡ
ͳȻʱǰѾ˳ӡ
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ʼֱ̫ˡ
磬ŻδΧֻվš
Ȼûά򣬵һԾĬҸһŶӣû˲ӣûϸҴ
ʱһſڳѧǰԼ;߽ᡣ
䡢ȣҹ涨ڸĸɥʮڱ;ָ߽ľźʹ˾߱
Ǹϸ»ȻǰֻʮˣֵʱѾһʱ
Լ׼õ飬һд¼
ѾдԼķǣǱ߼Ĵ࿴ۡ
ύȺȻ
Ȼһû˵ʼϲҲ̫ˣҾȻվһʱûţ̧ߵʱ򣬶Ҫû֪ˡ
ҲЬ׶Ǳӣӽŵװϴܡ
ȥȵȻȥ
òһسǣȻôͻȥҵ鿴Լ˽ʱ
⣬ع֣ѧ࣬һܴһعٵϲã˵ضԿ
ϾҲ˵һĳ峡ôȫعٰš
峡ĻһԣܾعԼ⣬ɸѡ
Ȼûʲô㣬ҲߣʲôϢҲ
Ҳ˵̫ҪǳȻֻϲСϢϲ鱾йصݡ
ԸʹȻ
ȰԼ뷨Ȼ˵һ¡
ȥسĲ¥Χ˵عϲãļţǧʡ
ȻһڴӦˣá
˵ȥؿջܽᡣ
˴һλãԼӣͳȥ
ֿƾٷ顷徭֮ռܣȫ࣡
ԱĿѯʣƹЦ½Ƴ㹤졢㻧˰ƶȵȵȡ
лҪ˵
ȫũԪ¾ǹꡣ
̣ǹŴ̡֮һľ˱βỴ̄΢衣


63 
סԼ𾪵,һͳʷǿ
Ѿϰߴſˡ
һ,ʵԼϱӵĹŴкܶغϵĵطֻԱ˸
,ÿʵ۵Ȼһ,شʷ¼ơ
˿,һжҪһһ鼮
ԭʱ׶Ҳྩ,ҵı,ϱӵĵͼ,Ǵž¸һ
ʵĵò⣬ϾŴͨ,ط·,ӿ,˸Ţ
أҪȥྩٵûµʱ䡣
¸һƽԭμˮͨΪ㡣
˽ԼҪ֪Ķȥһ¾,оꤵʱ򣬲ߡ
ϰѧһȴһҲҲ,ЦſѧԶߡ
ǹ컹Ҫġ
˭ҪϧǮƲǾ͵ɽɡ
ֻҪˣ֮϶
صջȻѾΪ⣬ֻҪʮģʡһһ㡣
Ȼ󣬸Ͻвˣ˵ҶҪˣпջ񣿡
˵֣
ȻһҪӵѹɤĿҪһΪ¥Ⱥ˿ң
˵ƾٷ鼮нһ붼Ӧûˡ
˶٣˵֮ǰȥ顣ǰǼǵĿоʮˣʱһ죬˿ԡ
鼮ȫҵسĺܿͱ⡣
ȻֻܸӿٶȳԷȻȥ顣
ʱͲҪȥǰٷ֮ʮῼˡ
ƹֿʵٴλ˵λҪ飿
˵ǵģƹļ鸲㣬ʺϳѧߣ
ƹ˵ȻˣҲڲ㡣
תȥ飬鼮Ȿ֪űġʱ޶࣬ϰһǲס
ĸ͸¶һ£飬ŵʦүǰ׼ġ
ǰաҲǰ졣
룬ǾʹسǵѧҲ֪Ҫѧô˵Ҷһϡ
⻰ԥһ鼮һ֪˱ġһģһȥġ
ô˵֪˵һøָعҲо֪˵鼮ȥء
ҪȻⱾҲ
Ȼûǣһȫˡ
˵ֿꡣ
ȻҾİ
ȻҲһҲˣ־ܾˣݴͬС졣
ŵ鼮ѣȷʵҪ̫ࡣ
ߣΪҽѧߵѧԴҽѧͳѧȣѧôˣӻеġ
ңŵϰ⣬ʵǰҲϾѧҲǿƾٿԵһ֡
ֻϧ֮ǰ˵ô궼ûѧˣδҲῼЩֻҪ˽С
ǰѵžǼֻͬĿȽϻɬҪ࿴飬˼
ã˴Ŀѧ»ʵҵմߡ
֪ⱾоһЩûеĲ⡣Ȼ漰ͻ͸¡
Ѿ㵥ѧˣǰӦüˡӦá֣ΪӦѧ
ڶգͳȻһȥȻ˶ڷ鼮
ƹƼ֪˱ǱѾϻˡ
һڴܵĴ죺ǲһ챨ô鶼ûˣ
Ѿ¶ɬûǱ飬ζˡ
һ˵вУٷͷȥƹҪȻͳӵĸ߼Ǳֳ
ӷӲ⣬ĿǵߣٶǮǳ
İżֱһⲻǵڶ죬ô鶼򲻵
һεĶ·ߣǺ漸챨ˣǲҪ֪
ôһ˵ӷж¶ž
Ȼ֪Ҫѧ֪˱Ǳ֮ذ򲻵飬粻֪ء
ȻһȺѧִ֮ҴߣͻȻһ¡
Ҫ飬ôЩ˵״̬Ҳʵдա
Ȼ˵ǰܵ
̾˿첻ֵģЩ顷徭ЩҲعٻ֪Ƽģ鼮̫࣬Ҳ
ŽҪ֪ʶȥúĬд
⵹δֻ֪֪˳Ǳѧ֮󣬷ıиССӡ¡
ϸˣŷ֪ӡ¡
߿˲ӡдӡµ鼮Բ㡣
ÿһע⣬ѾĺϸЩӡµ鼮ڡѺ⡯⡯
Ȼֱ顣
ֻҪѺ֪ʶúøϰʱҪơ˼֮֮ĴС
Ȼã⻰Ȼ뿴飬Ҳ֪ƾһ˼ǲ͸ֹ
֮ǰһСŸȻڳ߳
վҪˣسǵ֡С֣ܵӶûվ
ȻЩ꣬ͷ£ԿΪˡ
һ飬ҲԴΣϲ˵Ļôɫ¾š
ȻͻȻһת˳ˡ
Ĭʱȥ¥
˵ջҪһĳȥպúϢɡ
ȻҲ˵˵ѣ֪أ߻ɵߣ
ȥ裬ȻΪûȥ¥㲻ϴֱ˯
ϳʦҲ¼ˣųȻģԴȫ˳ү˼ϴˮ׼ˡ
ȻЬӺ룬ȥЬȡůǹԹ¥ϴˡ
Ҳȥ裬ĿԣԼѾֻʣ
ŶЩӣҲԡͰȥ
ﲻǸ⡣Ѿˣ̫
ǰʮһӣʳΡдֵҶֽëֽżЩС죬Щͻһ
˴οԹⱨغҲҪһӡ
¿ԣտ峡Ǿ죬ٵǰһ죬ôٵٻϡ
ʮǮܶࡣ
ʵҪ˵׬Ǯסسúܶࡣ
Ը飬һģ˳һҲһٶʮġ
ʱ鼮ֱһͿԳꡣ
иǳʵʵ⣬ǾسǵķӸ
ȫû뵽ԼгһҲΪ򷿶ǳ
һ磬ϴ֡Ĭ飬Ȼû
һܴȳų緹˸ϳʦ
ʵʦʲôʱ
һ㣬ѩˣ·Ҳߣʱ˷߾С
˵ȥڳǹһ䣬ʱ֮ǰ
á
ʵҲûʲôرҪĶСһСҲ֪⼸Ǹ˵ͻЦʮֿĵСû
ԼѾˡ
룬ҶõȵʱԵ۵СҲ
̴ȥ


64 
,Ȼ֪,ȴȻֱЩĨƿƿ޹С
Ũһζܲˡ
ĸһıȽ,ͷһд,Ҳʲô
سǵ׷רŵεꡣ
Сſߺȣ͹,Ҫ˻߷ЩΣӡʲôС
ԸȥĽͷϲŲҡӡ
Ųûͣ٣ֱǰ,ͣһľյ̵Сǰ
Ŵĵ̼ʮ־տ,Ҳľжӡ
ֻϧϱǻ,ܶŴĴ漼նʷС
ǵƪ½Сۼǡһλܹɽ,Ծ֮ľ,Ϊҡ޵ȡ
ǰ,ʱ͸Ľ͹һֻľӡ
Ľĺϲÿ춼ҪϣʱⶫȽϰ£ժڴͷϡ
̤ҵ,ͱһϸĶдסĿ⡣
Ƕдϴ˼ӣէһƽƽ棬սˣܿһ΢ŵͼ,һֻšȴƫƫӡ
ϸȥˣÿһϵ̵С̬һȴÿһֻ̬ܺ䡣
ĽãҲСһ˳
дҷɿ䣬ֱдȥһס޵Ǯ
̧ͷ죬ʱѾ磬ֱӳڳǣ׼ؿջ
Сӻߣٴ
Ȼһ¥࣬ǺЦ߽Ҵҳ극˵þûôˣʲôö
ͷţġ
ȻǸĽģȻҲǿҪֻǸп׵˾ǲһ֮ǰһһ࣬ŵҷɡ
Ц⣬ȫҷɡ
ʰңţʱĽѵֱñӹסԼڽ
ѧ飬Ŵ͸Ĺ⣬ֱӿ
ϱѧ鼮ܲһֱгʽȫ
Ҳѹִ󲿷ѧӶϲѧ
Ѿɬˣ߳£ûһӡ
ͷͻȻһ󵨵뷨ϱӵѧѸͼκ͹ʽ鼮
ѧǲǿƹĸ죿
Ͼɲÿ˶ȡѧ鼮дôѣͨ˺ѿ
ǿԻΪ򣬰ѻѧռׯҺѧ򵥵Ͳ̣ıķҲ˼
תһ룬ҪĵزҪȻ鲻˵Ҳ˲Ľ顣
ȻȻڳϾͿʼ飬ˮ䣬ǿż˯ɡ
Ҳֻǿ˰ʱͷ鼮Զѩǵɽ塣
֪ڳϿ鲻ãԿһķɡ
緹ǴӿջĢ׷
ϳʦţͣ·ߵĲѷȣųʸȻ
֭Ģζȫڽ׷ϰڶôһ٣˶ů
ΪճȻصϣɫѾȫˡ
ȻңҲûʰͷֱ˯ڳȻ
ڶһ磬ż˳Ȼĸĸ
˶ܺټϳȻĸ׸ϵã֪ѧҵ϶ԳȻйա
㣬Ȼһ˲š
ˡСӲ߶ţ¡
Ȼͬô߶ţʲôϰߵľ͸Ȼ˵
л
ù緹񣬸Ȼһȥҡ
ǽе鷿˵ôôǰջŵѧҹϳϾ͵ˡ
˵ԿҪ
ͳȻæԼļ˵˳
ҲʡȥóȻһѺ⡯Ĳ֣⵽ȡɵֶΣܴ
һ㶣ϲüңô˵֪˳ѧ飿
ͷǣǵһձģϢ󣬱е뷨ԾⱾ顣
ͺãǽվѧĵطȫܳѧôɸù
ǡ
֮һǰͽһ
һгʮʵϰԼⷨΪ£ܹ㡣
سϰƼһ롶޶࣬ʤĿѣϸ£ⷨҲӶ
ȱĸӡɬöšⱾ顣
͸ϱѧϰһģѭ򽥽Сѧѧ
ûСΪǾͺѳ͸Ȿ顣
ѧȻ𣬱ҳȥ
ûӿڣͿһΪӰ˴֮ǰ£ֻͼ粿С˵㡣ڴڰվš
첽ǰסĽĵ֣һƬ
üôڼ
Ľ˵ǰӸ˵Ͽˣڸ˵Ҳ˻û㡣
ǻһɩҲ˵ѰӱȥҰҿţҾˡ
˵оݣ´βôȣԼˣһۡ
Ľͷһţ֪ˡ
صĽĲС̧ͷɫ˵Ҵˣ
ӵڻֻ۾
˶٣˵㣬ô
ĽҲرϴŸι㣬
㡣
ճ꣬Ľÿ˯ǰղҪؼҡ
ΪһԼ͵ð򣬻ܿ޳ҪȻᱻ
ҶˣĽȥϴ·ʱ򣬿ֱϵˣʲôˡ
ĽҲûԼһðŷ磬վڴڣ
·Ĵ񿴵ҲкҪ𣿡
ĽĻẬĵͷš
⻰ɷ㣬ϾҲǴվͿʼĽĺСˡ
Լ׼ó۾ˣܿĵ
˵Ƿͷϡ
Ľ˼һ£ֱá
֣µģεԴ˵ﻹзˣһͺá
ĽԼȵƬ࣬ܲ˿
߲Ʒֲôʢʤպã򵥵СҲʮζ
գŵѧ˵ͳȻ飬һܹġ
ͳȻҲģȥܳˡ
ܳһ飬ȻǺܿģȵѧǾͳ꣬ԭˡ
ǻл񣬵ͳȻˡ
л֮飬˵лδˡ
Ϊǰʱûбֵرʡ
ȻΪ̤ʵѧʺϱĬ顣
ǵһ⣬ܸòַͳ
ԭڴֲʱԼȥ⡣
Լˡ
ȻѧݣŽӴѧûãȻܾһͨ
룬ԼΪʲôҪվ͵ȥලɱ鲻ô
ȻѾʼĲ죬ʮƽ
ţˡ
Լһ粻⣬ͣ±ʵʱԾسʵϡ
Ȼרˡ


65 
Ȼ,𣬶׼ؼҡ
,ͻȻŲһ,˲¥ķ
УҪϴô,ĻʮϤ,һʲôԣͻײ
Ȼ¥õǰİ,Ȼͨ,һ뺷Ϣôס
ǷԼʱѾƿ,ȥ
ûа˵ɽ,,Щ񡭡참ۡ
ʲôҲûں,ʱ֪̫෴Ǻ¡
ȥʱĽڸСι±¨ֺ߹ȥ
Сӳˡ
ĽЦˣС߸´,ԭ⻬һƬѾðһСɵ
ɲǣҸιҪݵҵӡ
ȫȻǶСӵĳ硣
Ľ룬˵СҲӣӵĸʱһ,Ҷȥô
˵ԣżǵôůһ㡣
ĽĵͷСιڻ壬졣ȴΪۣ񰢵ӣǸڱŵܵܡ
룬Ϊ̫ˣӡչ˺ӡϴ£ŸѼ棬
ʵһҲƽȡ
ӹӣسǱһЩȤġ
ķ粨Զμǡ
Ȼƾ£ĽİﲻæԺվǹһˣԼ
Ľ˵Щ۾ɴˡ
ȫȻǴδֹľϲĽ˵ǰҲϲҰʷμǣҶ࿴
˵ƪμǣǡ֮ǰʼ˵ȥأûã͵һ
ƪμǵ渵һϸš
ʱʱҲû٣ֻȤֲԣ´οԣȥúðⱾꡣ
ܸޱϸ
ĽĲ˵һ룬͸ڻǵˮ˵ȵˮ
ǵһ С˹ʶĿһ档
ҲǰĽĿˣڣһڲȫ˿߼ҡ
ÿһĵʲô쾰ǵޱ
Ľ˵󣬲ŷһˮˡ
ϲӵı飬˵ҵʱˡ
Ѿ˯ŵСӷڴڲ࣬СѾʼѧŷСĵȥ
ȻСɱڻҺϲ㽲
Ľ峺ʱ渵˾ͲȥԹ硣
˵ǰ˵ҪдôȤһ£
ĽȻǼֵҪҲܵ󰢽ʱ䡣
ҪѾϰɣ˵ˣһ۵Ḷ́ʱŵվȡ
ģ
ĽдֵĻʵΪûЩ衣
ѧľǹټҹӵСϸСıдһС־¡
˵дĲɻкϲ壿
ĽҡҡͷĳЩʵȻǰҲǼѧʲô֣͸ѧ
ʧЦ֣һЩС
ȻдĲСġҪʡ
ĽǰǱİȵţ֪Լʲôֻô鷿ʱյġ
ʲôûֻǹؾصĽ֡ôأ
ĽĵȵϵȶɢȥȥС
СԼңΪӣҲ˵Աߵϰһ뼦
֣ģôе죬Ϊ̫𣿡
С˵԰Ҳȣǰȥҵʱû졣
ĽĲ֪ôȥСһɫ¶Ȼ΢Ц
һ˵Ļ
ҷˣ
š
ոտ۰㣿
Ľֱɫͨ죬ǿûУ⻹ǰ죡
ôô죿
֡͡
ˣ鷿Ȼһ˵Զǹۡ
С
=
Ӻܿ͹ȥת۾͵˶³ͷ
ٴ̤ȥسǵ·ǰ죬ĽıҪţϼ˯š
ǰȴǿװԼܵ
˵¡
ĽĲ˵ֻǸһӵ
ΪʱΪˣ˵ϣǡԽҪܴѹ
ĽҲ֪һ㣬ֻԼжʾֻҪúõģʲôں
̬ʱѵöԼҵСɣմӦҵ
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Ľĵʱͷѣãššһ
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ĽĴͲһŤӣڷɵĻʱش
˵
ЦˣԴȻСӣ˵׵һ£ԡ
СϵЦޱϲѧӣҲһ¡
=
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ȻһΣұ˵Ҫģ;ҷϲ˵ʲô̫õһݣҪҴͯ
֣Լͯʵһ֮Ե
ĽķƵĺɰȥȻԺͯ顣
ȻҲ뵽һ㣬͵ţ鱻ְ֣Ӳ˵ҵȻǾֻͯලұ飬׼ҳˡ
ϴεľ飬һϵִسǺһҿջջ
Ȼһ䷿ϳʦͯһ䷿
ϴ˵ҪϳʦһķѣϾ˳Ȼҵţġ
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ա
һ磬ͳȻȥڳҿջҪҸýһģڶտҲ㡣
˴βμԵĿ˵Ҳ٣ȥʱ򣬲ٿջѾˡ
Ҳмҿջпշ
ֻʣһˣ׷Ϊ䣬λǲҲԴջ
Ȼסˣʱܽһһ㣬һ͵볡ԣסԶ̫鷳ˡ
ͯ͸ϳʦǵĿջ
˯ʱ룬컹û͵ŶӼдһ˯ô졣
ȻҲǳһϲϢֲʵ
һϼƣСһЩȷѣŽˡ
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ҲΪд㡣
лҪ˵
дǰʱţǸаиѧԣǰα⡣ÿȥ⣬ͷڿʲô³Ѹļ֮ģδζ꼶ǰʮλȥ廪ϵ


66 
ڿǰ,һֱ֤Լڼˮϴ裬ΪľӦƾٿԵƶȡ
ôǴԽģǰŲٿԼڿϡ
Ƕ,Ͼһ,ÿ,ΡϢҲںŷ,ûбͺʵ£ʲһпܳ¡
Ȼ룬ԼĽһϴڡ÷Լˮ衣
ʵ,μӿƾٵĿ֪,¿Ժ䡣ҲȡָĴʩҩǰű鷿ģ⿼
ҩʹ,󲿷˶ɢҩ
ǰűܶ,󲿷˶ֲǵļҲǰô,ֱӰѿ,μӲ˿ԡ
ԭվһ,߹ʱ˶ѾҪɢ¸˺䣬һι,ֱӴƤһ,߽¶ȡ
Ȼź䡣
ֹһعٿʼʱԼǰλѾݴ,ǸҲǿš
Ϊ˿ƾٺ͹Ҷȥˡ
壬
Уչأſȥ
һ˽ӹıīʳΪһʱΪһ죬ÿ˿Яͷ緹ʳﲻܴ
ЩҪѾϰ񹫲ˡ
ܿʧ߷ΧڣԼ±аſ˫֣һһ˼ɷмд
ڱϸµļ飬ͻȻԱ˸ߺִ壬ɽͷзּд
һ㶣ԼѾº
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һ⣬ȫߣô޺Ķûá
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ŷԼͷѾķѣͻȻɥʧʳ
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ȵ˵꣬عһҾףýӴ
м仹иĻڣ˵ǰΪսңͲ̫٣¹˲ţżԡԽμԵҲࡣ
ĿѶȴȻû䡣ڽѧúܶͷۡ
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Ѳͭ࣬ʽʼ
ͿͿź۾ſ壬ڿѲأȷÿһ˶ܿ⡣[ע]
ȴԼԾǴкߺֱֽÿҳʮУÿй涨дʮ֡[ע]
⻹ֽݡ
뵽Ľǧ漰ѹʺ͵ʵ۵Լ䣬·ϡ
˶ģþſҲߵߣʿʼд⡣
ǵһҲ⻹򵥣Ķƪʫһףó߰֡[ע]
ľð˹ĵдԼڣԿѧǷʵ
Դ뿼Ͷ̬ȥ˼ʧ͸档
ĿûŶʣ˼˴һĹĿĺĳݵֽϣȻϱѧġͷԷ籩˼άͼѡ顷徭иĿصĲֶһһо߳
һд˹ҲԲ˵
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ǲӵģǲһ¡
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ĳع˴ջе峡ѧ
ԤⷶΧ֮ڣԴһãȻ
ôѧ˵Ǳѧ֪ʶѾüû˰
عȻģ䵭꣬˰ɢˡ


67 
ŵĳʱѾֻʣٶ,ʱ˵ļҲһ㡣
ͳȻճȥ͸һ伸ײˡ
һк˰ͳְ,ҵȲûд֪˵顣

һ˼סĸջ,ס׿Ŀջ,һź˵ͬ˵ıȽ,סбǼջǰһϰΣֿ̫ˣûˡ
Ȼ˵ǰ,˵ʱμԵҲһˡ
ӷ֮ǰμӹһ,Դо
˶Ҳ˶ĺô֪ͨԵžǲμӿʮ֮һ,һӦûʮͨ
⻹øлЩǰ鿼ҷΧ,ҪȻͨٽ
ɫ,Ҳö,ֻԼտһ,һȥ¥Ⱦơ
Դ˲ûбʾͬ
ʹԸͣͬܺܿһƬ,ҲԼԭҪ֡
,Ŵ¥Ժһ¥ֵΣ͵ȻΪԺŮӴ󶼳塣
ϵƮԷΡ
΢һε,Ͱ¥ĹǷΪμĹղǸ۸ߣȻҲ˿ˡ
ߣ¥ǵĲվʮֳˡ
ǰػ˾֮ףǵĲ鲻ӣֻϧ¥˲磬󺬺޶ա
سǵ¥žǰѹǷ࣬һһղ
룬Σ¥īѰֵĳзɺͺӣȻȥ
ԲͬԼۣظҲá̰Ҳãⲻȥ¥
Ϊֵطȥ˵һΣ´α㣬ûھܾ
ǽȥֶ˾ͷ顭
룬ȻԼ飬ԺһδοԼ־ͰЩԡһһ
ԭԶǱӸҪĴڡ
ȻͬͣѾʮ˽
ֱ˵ղȥ¥ǿسǵ¥Ĺ϶ƮԷ
ǹ˵ΣֻװһˡȻմһǸ
Ȼеҿʼҡڡ
һ棬¥ѾãǰǱ׹ţֻܹ񫡣
һ棬Ǵ˴κò׿ԣԼư͵Ĵˡ
ǲȥĻس͵Ǵ׶У׿϶˵ͬȥˣʱ޴ӱ⣬Ҫҷź
ȻԴ˵ȻȥҲȥˣҵ˵ҿž͸˵סҲںһꡣ
ĳȻļ򣬱ǰȥ¥ߣʵ¥ǰĳ
ǸƢⷽԳȻܵϸ񣬳Ȼû⵨ӡ
գڵʱɸȥʮˣʣµҲſɬ
ѧôҪǾȻ֪ȥͨﵩʱţվһжˡ
ֻܲܿܿˡ
Ϊ峡Ҳڰ˹ĺ֮󣬶һ
ʱ򣬼ֱޱȲ졣
˴ȫȫûпԻˮ
ϵƵƵҪʹȥˡ
عٺѧ˶ģûȥǡλ׷ԲԵ˿һ˲䣬Ȼֱӻ˹ȥ
ʵͦ飬ò׿ǰĳΪ峡Ҳ˳ͨڹϣѧ
ǰôĺˮȫ׷ѣԼһˣ֪ܼܲһΡ
һʱ̬ˣֱε
ۺܿУ߻תѣȴҧҪһԡ
ܲܿ˵ֱǻ
֮߳㡣ĹȻģŴѧ⣬ûйʽȫǿ
ȷϴ󣬻˼֯ԣŰѴȥ
ѧǿ緢֮ǰ͸±ʡ
Ѳ˾ӣʱ仹磬ֱԱߵĿշϢǰǲܵģˣ˶ڱԽһ𡮷š
عǰ참ɨʺò͡
ټǰѲľд룬عٲ࿴˼ۡ
һΰڣȺߡ
ȻСû̹ʳ⼸ȴֻܳͷޡټֱ˵ȥ¥ȻҲֵͷֻŻؿջúݸˮ裬ɢһ
ſڣһüɫ衣
Ƕлͳֵ飡˴εһȫݵıΣȻû˴οĲ̫
˵ġ̫žԼԿԹ˼ˡ
˵ϲ
һ˵һĴ𰸣Ľһ˸ˡ
ڶõִ𰸡
ӷ˵һ䣬ôڶԴ𰸣ǰ㻹˵Ҫȥ¥ٲȥˡ
ͳȻԿ̫ƣΪɣͬȥ¥롣
ſڷֱԼȥȾơ
ӦˣϾǼĻȫμҲ˵ȥ
ڶһ磬󣬻ڼȻڴẨ
ϴŶû£ֻ˴̴ֲ
ܹҪܲģ̫
ƽڼһᴩŴֲ£ֻһ
Եʱֻһ£ŻᴩǼ޲Ǵֲ¡
û˿壬ڳһȦ˶ˡ
ܵʱ򣬸оԼһ΢ЩӡĴ󺺡
ƺע⵽ߣҲƫͷӶԷв׽һ˿͡
ܹԷҲףǴкˡ
صջȴô벻Լʲôʱλ󺺡
ȴ˵ǺӽŲһգֱӴúŽȥˡ
عٴҲѾԾˣһĵģʦү
ţõۣǰһʱ䱻ȥѧ˽˶ÿűٵѧ
Ϊ±ϳعپûæѲ
ŶѧǴӿã԰ʫдĸʱĳ
ǵãԼСʱ򣬸ĸ˵ԼæԽԽԺĻҪġ
ֻû뵽֮󣬾Ȼнȥˣۡ
ʴˣŶЩӡ
Ҳû뵽ԼȻϳˣѹкҲΥ档
ŶԷŴֲĶ̴򣬷˿ܻԼũӵĳȴΪüĿʵ˲С
Ŷ۸˵㡣
̫棬һ㹦Լ㿷֮ޡ
ôţ¸ڹܵʦүʦүڸ棬ֶһ䡮Ʒжʸ֮ң಻ܻũҳ
ͻᷢʦүļ¼棬ֻʮˡ
ʮˣʮȽϳʵѧǴˮƽƵĻǰ֮λȻѡߵǸ
һԵİףһԺԵİҲпͷϡ
֪ҲԼϽʡСԪļѻ
Ҳһְ
Լ˿֪£Ѿλа׵ĺѡˡ


68 
ڿ,Ȼжֱ˯͡
СͯŸǰʣүĿɻã
Ȼ˵˾䣺ɡ
үأ
Ҳ֪,ǰ콻˴
Էʱ,СͯѾһӵĳ,ȰϢүˡ
СͯһĿ,ҲһŻȥһͳˣ֮˷ֳȥˡ
һֱûҵʱ
ųүͯţ֪Ǵˡ
Ͻվ,˵ǿΣ
ү˷֮Щ˸С
о²
үͯѳȻԭ˵
ү˵ԼĻ,үǱߣǰ˰콻
ʧִ˱ӣ
,д𣿡
Ҫ֪,ڴҵĿ̰ӡ,ǰһʱҽ˴󶼻ڿƾٿлÿǰΡ
Ϊд,ȴΪѧ峵,дıҪ졣
һֱϵһ̲Žѧһ㶼дйо,ܲܿ˵
ֻд˰ͽ,ֻֿܣҪô̫Ҫôǽ׾
ʱعٿ罻Ҳ͵͵ɨһĴ,Ȳ˽׾
ֻõһ仰˶еʧ䣬Ͼѧ
үȻΪϧصĻԼҳȻϻеϲ
Ըϲ̤ʵֲʧϻ۵
ʧı࣬ûԵ·˯ǰֹôвĶ
ҪеҲĬдĺ
˵˵ǰдĿأ̫ˡ
Ҳûôοһ϶û˯ãڶոѧεʱ۵׹ڡ
յԼѧӲϢ
ϵĽǺԣ˶ܿ
䣬ֻǰֲ˵Ҳü׷ʣҲ֪Ϊѧûá
ֻǲ֪ǳȻ
ԵĽǴԴģŵɫֱӴֲͬϢ
ܶ౾Ҳֱ˾Ѻ͵˻¡
ȵպһ˻ʹԼѧŵ֪һֻ⣡
һ俴ԼΪѧûãԴһֻɫ
ε˵ǰ콻Ϊᣬȫдˡ
һ˵ڶȥ¥سĳеٮٮߣѧڸͬĴ𰸡
һɫЩסΪѾȷԼڶдˡ
ֻдˣȻǱߴǶԵġ
ڵ⣬سǵѧҲкܶдɴҼһ󣬻˴𰸡
һ俴˿ûɫ
ûѣֻ˵ԼҲ
˵һЦԼܲв֪϶Уһǰ
ԵķŰڶʮ󣬱Ͼ֮ġԡȥǲμӡ
ԷŰͨһдӸߵСǡְ񡯣ֻдλţְһһȦȦд[ע]мɰɫıīдһССһϳ¶̣׵λžڡС棬˶߳һ֡
İʱʮڰ׵Ҳࡣ
ԣȻְ񣬿ûԵҲ֪⻹εġ
˻һĻ΢΢һԼϽյÑͻȻƤֱ
Ȼ֪ЩǿŵɫΪѧ꿼úãʦġ
Сǿܾͷǳˡ
ڻûְ񣬻Ҳֻܼȡ
һǲָˣӷǰԣδҲֻڴӷõΰɡ
ڰ֮λŸ붼ûСӻܳףôء
֮ƸŰʦˣŶǰЩ˵ˣѧ˴Ҳķǳ
=
صӣĽĵӽʮ죬Ժ죬ų˵ĲӾʹӳˡ

Ҳ˲÷±¨ǰ뱧Ľ˵࡭
û˵꣬ͱסˣ㣬ġ
Թ󣬴峤ˣרŹһˣΡ
ЦЦ˵á
峤ϵЦ⣬֪˴οĲ˵Ƕĳ顭
˰ɣѾ
ã
ĽĲ֪˵ʲôרĵչСӡ
СһðˣҲżֹѽ
ڵĽпվ͸Сӽ̽ССȻûѧ·ݣٵһʱͿԽˡ
һžʮ죬ѵСӻǵڻͿʼЦ
ûסԼ̵ϡ
СӽУѽͬʱקͷ
ǳһûע⣬ͱСֺצקһͷ
⺢ӲƤûֱ޶ͷҲûõȥΪֱ
ĽĸϽͷͬʱѸСӷ޲С
СӵעǱͷסѾץһΣһҲĵ
ССӼҪ֮ǰͷСӡ
ĽĿһУСӵצӲͷεҪѰӳˡ
ļҵСôץһ֮ͷ
ߣһ㶼ǸףҲ˵ΪףԺӵ࣬úӳԼ֮£һֶ档
ǵ游ĸģԶ谮Ůһ㡣
˵ҵĵһӣҿųģܲ
⺢üһɰ룬ϲ̲סҪס
Сӵڶʱڵȵ˷Ű
ĽҪչСӣøһȥϣҲ֪ŰҪԣһ͸ţȥ
ΨһһμԵѧУǴ峤Ҳõ֤峤ĺá
ڴ峤ʲôĶǴҪǺҪٳһţǾ̫ˣ
ϵʱ򣬸𷢰ѾˣһӸţȵʱŻᷢ
ΧΧȦȦˣе˾㲻ǿҲΪϲ
ȻҵͯϽָָȻλá
үҼүڶ¥أǶһֱӿ񡣡
̧ͷͿȻ
˵һ׼¥
ź裬ۿʼͭࡢűڣò֡
һǣϣһӡ
ˣ
Ⱥߺˣˣ
ȻסһȦţеĲ豭ţĲ軹û
ҲܼȻĹŴˣ㲻μӿƾҲҵı֮·
˿̣Ҳ̲ס²豭ĿתؿǸһ׳İ
ˣǶţ
һʮ
һȦҲֱûԼĿšǱ߳ȻѾ±ӿʼԾ
ˣˣ
Ĭһ£ϲ
ȻŻǰװô˵
лҪ˵ûҵԼ


69 
˳ȻĻ,ǡСϷĿţ
ȻҼʰ
ȻķӦͻȻعЦѵȿ׵ô
ȷ˰ǰףŻŵԼĿš
ЩΣȿ,Ϊ׵ĿڡСϷ,Сָͨдһмһϳ¶̡
ʵ񡮹ֵϰߣԢ󲻿ԡ
Ҳ͵°׵Ŀűһֻ֣ҡҼͷ,һȦûҵиҼʰˡ
ҡͷ,Ҳû˵Լԭ
ҺóȻû׷ʣҪȻĿЦü졣
ΪԵķŰʽȽ⣬ֻпĿ,ᡣΧ۵Ⱥֻ֪Сְ񡯣ȴԼ߿˿С
˴ŵʣүϿˣ
ǷŰЦ,˵׾Ȼ˵ģ
ף˾̾
,ɶǵڼֻ֪״Ԫ
Ա˺Ľͣ׾ⳡԵĵһ
ǲ״Ԫ𣿡ǵһûë

Сܿ͹ȥѾʮû,ºò׳һһʹ˶֪ˡ
һӵɣ
ߺܿҲ֪Ϣ΢΢ס֮࣬ﰵ׾㲻ӷһŵѧҲð
ǧ
ҪȻ۵ʱ
ܿ촫ŲȥţԼѧһˣһ仰ǣ˭
ӷϱЦ˴òǵ
֮ĸбˢȥļҲ󣬱ϾعҲҪӣԼյǰǱˢȥǾ̫ˡ
ӷϴοԣԳɼβֱӾͱˢȥõĺóɼȻʮֿġ
ɻŲûпǷֱӾˡס
һƽʱ׽Ի׿ΪҼʰûע
Ųһ䣺
һͷѧ֪
ԣٿѧϽɢЦݣŻȻ
ָõҪȻҲ̲һֱѧ
ֻȻǺѣȴҲ˴໥
ʱʱ˭ȿţֱ֮˭̳ܽѧ
žãԼʱִ̫ˡ
һڲ裬ʵǿпУԶӷ֣Σ
ӷؾصĻش𣺡ѧŵġ
˵ѧʮߡ
һʮΣ˵ҡˡ
ҪǷſ϶ܹԼò׼ĵطͬһ¡
˴ΣԼиֻ˵Զʱ䲻и׼µĸԡһ䣬겻ҪˣÿʱĬ飬⡣
ǣ
֮ûã׾ϢС
Լ鷿һ죬û̿裬ȡ˺ѧ롣
һվ⣬ȹϵϣһȦһȦת
ô죿
ǼﶼһֱڰȽϣ˴ŵѧʤһ϶ﲻ
Ҳû뵽žȻֵԣʧ˺
Ϊѧֱֲ˵Ĵֻ취
һֱʱųѧҲԺվʱķ磬̿衣
Լѧûסᡣ
ˣȥůůӡ
˵ͨˣҴ˴ǱȲţ䡣˴εͯҶɸѡӣ
һҲ˿ҺûûΪ¶һ겻ˡ
Ҳеʧ䣬Ǵûעĸ飬ֻǵĳɼԼʡ
=
˵ߣڵ֪Լ˺󣬱ȥһ
Ǳ߷Ű۶Χ˻ش׳Ժ壬ǴѾǰ崫ϲѶˣ
Ҳס˵ҵȻȥȻȥҸ
Ȼ˵ӸҪǲȻȥӲЩүҪءȥϲ
˴ϴһӣ㻻
ǰ룬Լˣлүһˡ
ûУҲ㡣ܹ鶼кô
Ͻ¥˼ģʣµǮûСͭ壬ֱҪ
ӿ첽ȥ
Ȼӿڣ˵Ҳ̫֪شɵһ㶼ȷŰҪϰ죬߻ȥü
ͷţǿӸ磬ˣȻȥ
Ȼ˵ģϡæˣ״˿ɵ͡
һڴӦá
žֻʣ·ɺͺӣĸߴ̡ͣ
ȥʱϲۻû
Ǵ峤ǰ̣ЦʣΣ
Ȼ˻ûҲż˵У֮ϯ
ડһ峤̵ˡ
ǰ˵壬ҷӵĲ
ʱɲǫѷ˵ʲô̫򵥡ҪȻǶعٺѧĴǳĴ
ŴʱѾãҲ֪ʲô˵ʲô˵
ӡγ
ڽʿŰʱΪһױԼϲʫ̰Ѹǳͳֱӻȥ֡
˺ٴƼĲܣֻظȥʡ
˺һ־Ա¥ԺԳơּ䡯
峤ĸ첲˵ĻȴΪ̫𺳣ֻѿڶһ䡮á
峤˵һϲĹүҪȻȥʰһ¡
ɲǣܻĺɵúúò
Ѹ£֣»һۡ
ɷԼа׵ϲã峤ţͱڣûһүˣ֡
Ľĵɴ۾ּֿҷˣ
һйүϲ
ס֣Ϊѷ˿ڶ˵Ȼˡ
峤Цˣǰף
ţ֪ɶ˼峤˵ش˴οԵĵһ
ţֽкõʱ洫յͭ
һԼҳվԺ
Ǻ壿
峤ϽȥҺҾڲԶ͵ˡ
Ǻ壬ү
ڸͷϣͷϰźӣϲ켫ˡ
ҵȷ֪ش֮ǰϲ
峤ùүԸţȥ·
ǰ˱ڣүȲԵġ
ЩҲ䰸׵ϲ˵ףСԪ
лү
漴ݹȥһ£־Ȼӣͭ壬ϵЦʵˡ
ϲѾ͵ҾͲ߶ˣұ
үߡ
˵ĿԣǲרϲģŲŻ˰֪ͨ
عٿλףͻר֪һ
һ棬ʾعٵ̬ȣһ棬Ҳ԰׵Ķ٣ǰλ۾˵ˡϣСԪ
һߣΧ˹Ϻ׳ϵġϲдĽףԸ
ͬʱ֪ȻаףϵĲ豭ûס
ȵȻߺ˵ҺиСǼҴֻ꣬Ҫף
лҪ˵
ѧĿʵǰɵ֧Ųģ졢ȵȣΪ˼򻯣ֱˡ޵ʱһĵôôա


70 
ףôУȫȻǲ,ǽǸ
üҲҵĳӣ˵ˣķҲǸ
ӻǲȢɣΪǼҲͷģôȢһ
Ҳ࣬ʵûٴ塣ҪȻҲ
˵˽,ĺһʡ,Ҿøɵ䡣
ʱŮӻ߸зʹ̫࣬ᱻ˽
ʹˣȢһԼСϱ,һμѻ
Ǵɿ϶ҪμӿƾٵģǰҲȢޡɶʮ,Һӵʱʮ꣬޹á
ӻҧˡݲɿڡ
๫굹Ǹոպ,ͷүǶöӰ̧̧һ
˵ˣҵƶ˵߼Ůͼ޸,ӵͼޣ
ҪӶףٵ,ԺðҽҲǲС
ӶˣԼҲֻ˳˵Ǿ,ٵꡣ
Ȼǲ֪ģĸˣ»ǵܡ
ϾСĵһӣΪ˸ĻϲҲİʱյǣ
ԼСӣ뾡ԼܣСӻøһ㡣
˵ϲţӲߣСʣոչү˵ġСԪʲô
͵ŷΪ֣ԡԺԺԡÿһοԶζǰףǾͿԳΪСԪ
ţˡ
ЦүҲֻ˵档
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ֻЦţ˵ˡʵţ˵ûСԪֻһıϲȷʵֱ˵ڡ
ոλүô˵̫ү˵ġ
˹ͱ޲ԼвΪԵ˰׾մմϲµĸԲͷϷ
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Ҳиĺӣ̺һ¾͸ˡ
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ĽĸϽ˵šûأ
ķӦ⣬û˵ֻܱ˵ûأѵǴԼҷǱ̨ʾǡŹôô
Сû£û˿ġ
û£СʹԺǰġ
ֱӰĻװˡ
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ո˶ֻܴ࣬Ժȥ鷿Ҳ¡
ϣС£ֶˮ
ոԺվˣҴϢ
СĽԭأæû˵Ľȴֹһǰ㡣
ĽʵҲȥæģ˰ôãҲ֪ԼЪϢʱԼ͵ҪȻ
ʵˮҲҪһĽľֱӹɵˡ
Сķ˵ϲСڼûţҾͽʱմմүϲ
Ц֮ǰҲ߶С
ǺȥţŰԼҷɱݣֺ󣬴˵ɻǵôӦҵ飿
ĽĶǡˡ⻰һӣعʱɫͨ졣
˵š
⿪·ӣһֱӾͻصϡ
ţڴͷĽĵ˵Լ
һֱڵڣŷ´˲ϴӺȥ档
Ľĳ˵㣬Ľʵֻ̫һȥ˯붼ӡ
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˱ϲķʽǴЦǡϲһݿġ
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ĽҲûжţûоܾķӦȻɬҲáˡķʽԼļ
һĽʱ󲿷ָȫһǵȴҵԸֵһСһӵˡ
ҲΪˣûŮ˿ʼĽĵĶλǡܵܡ
ԼˣǾͳķɡ
=
գа׺ݷ
˵ҪμӸԣʲô㣿
ش𣺡Ĭ飬ϰд˹ġ⡣
̾ЩǰѾϰ㹻ˣʵлĻڸΧٲҲȥسһ䷿ӡѧ࣬ϰ깦Σ绹ȥݻ߸Ժ˽
ǹˣ񣬾סҽףҲȫûҪ˼
ε˵˵Ҷ⣬쳵ܾǲȡġѧֻʣ·ɺеĺӣѧ»Ṽ񰮣޷Զ¡
ԭ˵ԼеԸһЩ˵ķ⡣
һ䷿ӣس룬Ǳ߾
ĻͱȽϱˣһ䷿һֻҪʮҡȱķûмҾߡãг
һֻ԰ӣΪһˣҲóԵʮӡһ»Ҳ١
˵ĵûسǵķϲܱȵģͬε˽Ż᲻
ǸԽߣĽָɺѧ˵Կ̫࣬аգ㲻ȥسǺ͸ãҲܿá
ֻȥˡ
ϼҴڵͲ֤˲ҪúڿǰȢ޵ȷԡ
Ȼ·淢һĴͷǳȻ˭
ȻĽŲԽԽԴҲȥ
ҵҪ͵ǱȥܷΧˡ
˵һеʱ򣬾ͲµȻŻֱȥسǻ߸á
Ȼû´
ȻС˵ǱиԺҵǮһ˵ҲȥҪҵȡ
˵Ҳͦõģʲôµı䶯㶼ܵһʱ֪
Ȼ̧ͷʵأ
˵ʱҶҲ徻³ȥñǻɡ
ȻҲֻˣ˴˻һ䣬ǵöһ㲻õģӷ˵Һˡ
ӷ˴ǵԴʶûҪˮ
ҽҪߣ·ٵһҹֻܸüˡ
ţһ·ƽú׼ԡ
ֹ˼գҲóȥñ˴ӷһţ⣬ﻹиףһѧ֮һ
ѧϵģسǵģ˵Ϊһ·ȴسǸϵϡ
ͿҪСۣͶСү
˵¾ǰף


71 
ףǣʸ䣿
ȻЩͱ,ܴӾֹпкġ
ҽܡ
ӷ,Ͻܣܽչʮ,Ǵ˴Եĵڶ
ЦΪ
ܱôһ,ϵĽдЩɬ,˵Ҳǡ
ϱ鲻,,ͷһ㶼ѧһΪԼ,Ǳǽ
԰СӶ䣬һǾͰ㵱ˡ
ӷܵı,оԼġ޻˵
ʼλСүҵ˵ҪλǸǲ԰մ״,ӷҾܾ
ӷҲ뵽,λСү,ţΪĲô
ܴС֮ͯ,ԭʮҪμԣϣѧ꣬ʱһٿˡСԪ,Ҳһμѻ
ֻû뵽ûȹ̫үյĵڶ
ӷ,λСүҲ磬Լ͵ð
û뵽ֻ˵ĸ֡ΪСүֱӾͺˣҿӻ׽ˣȸҪ׽ˡ
һ˱ȥԺ˳Ȼ
Ժϸ񣬲ǱԺѧý룬ֻŷæš
һڳȻûֻܸŴһϡ
ȻԴЩϧǱʹҲ
ֵһǣѧҲռ˺ܴأ顣
Сӹһ˵ҼҶС
ӷλСƢҲ޿κΡ
ȥϰۣǰԺⷽ棬ΪɸѡͯĸԣҪ֪˽⵽Ƿк
Ͼ󲿷˿ƾپΪ٣Ȼһɸѡ
ҪȥԵǰһϣĽıСι׺ιñתƣҪȻСһﲻ
ϴСӿ˫ֳſ
ǣdia
ڻһӣ˵ٽһ
ѽ
䡣
ǣ
ԣС
СˣѽȻʼקͷ
ĽҲʮ𾪣СôáеҪȥ׼μӸˡ
Щʧ䣬ΪõȰСӽе
ȻʵҲû𣬵ǰСӽеҲòͷأ
ǰһСӣٽһ䡣
СϲףûӣҲܸӽУǣ
˵к󣬾׬Ǯѡ
ҹʵ̫أÿһֻһۣһаס
ȻòôںͬôãҲûôϲ·
ϴһȥñܣţʱҪһһѻװȫѡ
Ȼ鷳ҲȷʵټüĿƯÿһ·˸оµ㡣
룬ͳúÿԺȫҲô硣
=
ȥϣѾһڳˡ
ֳֽһȥҼҵ󡣡
˶룬ŷ֣ܼﲻֹ󣬳Ҳйأǻ
⣬Сͯһź
˸Ժ󣬿ջҲǰԤˣСү˵ԸǮĻ͸ͯӣЩҲܡ
Ҷ֪ƽ˶ݺܲãҲʮֱڿĴˡ
ʰұȽϿ죬мۣ˴ͯһİġ
ͯһվӣǮ塣
һٴμȻʱ򣬻峿ʱ
˴ҲֻĿǰ
ܿͽеǰȥ
֮ǰѾϸˣ۵ʱ壬ÿһ綼мд
ɸֱѵֻʣ㣬Űӱ飬㶼Ҫǿ
꣬·ͷҲĸˡ
תһ룬ϸҲϸĺôҲΪ˱֤ƽ
Ԥһ£Դİٸ⻹Ϊеֻвʮˡɸ˵ıҲǾˡ
ԵĿǹ̶ģԵһع⡣
޷ǾǷۺͲֻۣпÿһĩβһʱʫ⣬ܹ鲻̫Ϊˡ
ΪˣҲһ㣬пͳһĴڴΪӡ
鰸Ͱʶͳһʽ鰸ʡÿߣʮףһλ뿴Ա˵ĴǿģǺֵˣȴ׷ײ
⣬ÿ鰸»һɫ߹ޣɢšѾõɧζ
֮ǰΪãڶ࣬عΪ˷ֱӲޡ
Ծ࣬ҲԻ߹޾ǸСõġ
ǣڽ֡
Ҳûʲô˼Ҷˣ֮ǰڼдʱҲſˡ
֮ĿԹ̸Բ𲻴󣬵ζȷʵܡ
ǰһֱáҪڿ;ޡҪԼҲ̫ˮǰһϸǿԼٳԵ㡣
ȴÿ˶
տûã˿ƲסСһΡ
˶ٱʣŬԼκֻôҴһҲгЧ
ֻζ£ʵͷȥ
һԺһ⣬ǡĳдкܶʱ顣
ܶ˶һܲ˿ڵζ綼ûôԶ
ϾͿʼãԼҲû̫࣬һտҪޣ͵ȥĲ
ΪԹ涨ڿ;ȥ˲ǾͻԾϸһɫͼ¡
֮Ϊʺӡ
˵иͼ£дôãҲϸݴˣֱԵԺԣˡ
ٶɫĴʹȻҲӡ
ǰһϳ̫ˣڶվ̲סֻܺȥéӣͬʱҲ˴ӡ
ҲԵ٣ͲֻˣͷݽȻںꡣ
θ﷭ȻֽдԼĲݸ塣
λСүǰõָ㣬确ϲҪ̫࡯ųҲóԵ㶫ҪŵʱǧҪס
󣬿λСүŻ
춼ˣѾȥܾãŻҲŻ
ܿߵǰҧǿͷҲųԵģ
ʧЦҲǱûˣպʱ򣬼ǵñһһڱһʱ䡣
ܿ˿һۣһ֪ˣȻȥϴɡ
ĲۣǰãȻϤĿη۴ơ
ǵ֪عٶƳӦּͳʵҵ˹ⷽ濿
ͶãȻпһ°֮λ
ȻҲûĮĵزЩʱնû׬ǮΪľЩԡ
˵ȡһ°׵λӡ
ʵϱѧġ˼Ʒ¡ԭëšιЩơ
רȡʵҵⷽдԼ뷨ټԼũӣԼ۸ʮ˽⣬доݡ
ûʲôٴյĻ԰ʫһ
ȫݸ壬Ѿʱ˷ǿſĲʣٴμһ顣
վһˣͿԽѡ
꣬׼ܳڴϵʱͻȻŵһɶ
ĵ黹ǷˡΪ˲Ǵӣֱӵ


72 
Ż
һţٴηɿ,ɲʲô²
ʵǱĵĺ,ʲôŻʱ,Ȼ³Щ֭
ӡ󻹲,Ȼʱͦ,ȴ۶
ĳ,ǰ,һָֻ
ƽȣҲûб,ȥϴϢһʱָܻҪҩ
Ȼòײҵ,żϵĿ˵Ҳ˶ĵˣҺѲĹүֱӰȥ,ҪȻʲô𲻳
ʱѾ˲ݸ,ֻʣд,ӰĲ
ȻĻȴ׺ݵҧȥ,Ҳĵûоʫοˣ磬صİ,صøΣ
ڸǵ˿ڴأΧ˺üӣʮׯ
˿ڶ,ԣζķʢ
ܵ˼ǣصİףǴ˴θԵİס
ԭԼԵĵڶлһԵİסµӰ죬ʫûӺãֻϣԼλǰʮˡ
ӦҾˣΣֻˡ
ȥСʰԼ·ȥϴĿջʮܵ
ǱߣֱӷԸ˰⼸մ·ӵ˵Ҳ뿴⼸·ˡ
ͯЦŴӦˣүһ·ٵӣôʵڿϧ
Ҳүֻȫʰȥ
ȻһԴ֪ӷǶסҿջ󣬳߼۸һǰϿѧ˿ջ
ܹ鶼ˣѧҲ׬ġ
ϴ裬ͷ˵ʱ䡣·ȥԷʱ򣬳ȻѾˡ
˵ҪǱǸˣҷǰ˾֪
ʱڿϣ㱻ĵܣҲûֱӼ١
ϾǼˣ˵Ŀƾ֮·ǻˣ˴θȡɼڲܲμӿƾ١
֣ܲ˴οԱܰȻȹ黹ֱӱѲ˵ĺãȥ󣬲ܼٶѧӰ졣
Ļ֪ҲֻºôݺݵĶ䡣
ûļ٣ԺټҲôĵˡô˵Ҳֻǹѡ
ȻЦ˿϶Ҫӣ˵ᱻͷƽϷʧݡ
ȻԸȽϺˬǵû˼ƽϣֱͱӺͼƽϡ
ֻ£͵ܣ˵ûУȥ¥𣿡
ˣҲոյʢˣĿİ˵㡢˵Щʲô޳ܵĻ
Ȼͷⶼҽʱ͸мӹˣȢҲճˡ
ܣŶұСܶࡣ
ȻУܶسǵүʮͨˣûеĻ˼˵Լسǳ𣿡
˵ÿ߽˵磬ϴôô
ָָͷǰɵ״̬һдš
ƽ̫һȻһ˲Ʋۡ
ȻѴϣʲôʱ͵͵ɰȥС¥һˣ֤Ľˡ
⻰ҲûСкܶɰصΡȷʵǻʵˡ
ǰȳȣһӲĺǿɬݡ
ûмţܵעϣ磬϶ֹϲ
˵ҳˡҪֹϲˡ
һˮǵȵӷȻˣҺӶһˡ
Ȼ죺ôͲأҸոҲ֤ˡ
ܣȥС¥ûпŶȡ
ȻһѪ
=
ѿ꣬ǰ˴ûشʧ󣬸ͨļʺܴ
Կ󣬾ͿԱ֮ΪͯвμԺԵʸ
ԺҲǿŵһкˡ
ԺԣһΪԡһΪԡȡСԡδ硢СԡͯڲμһοԺһԡ[ע]
ӷʵǿɻڸǶգ
û뷨ȻҲҡͷԺôãˡ
ԸӰҲֱӻȥ
漸ֻʣӷ
ֱˮ·һ벻ͿԻصسǡ
ͳȻӶһţƵĳȥ
صӺ󣬸㱨˸Եͳ׸ԺԻ꣬ȵȸԷŰȻ׬ЩǮ
ûлɲа
Կ˲ۣҪ֪ѧĿϸģ˿һĴͣһۡ
ȵеԾ꣬˴ͨԾʸ֪ˡ
һֻʷ˱ʮŴǿΪʮĴĻ԰׵ĴС
ٽسǡۺѡס
ʣµʮݣΪ׵ȡǴ˴θԵֻͨСҵȡˡ
֪ȰЩͨ˴θԵĴһ飬ȷû˽׺󣬷Ը˲װÿԵͼܳ
ЩҪΪ׵ȡ׵Ĵ
һݴּŰһۿȥͱȡҵȡĴҪһΡ
֪ϵ鶼ϸȥдĲۡ
ݴֱߣ¿˵ڶݡ
ܲμӸԵĿҲмˢӵġ˼˲⣬μѧȱȽǡ
˵˵һݴȥģܹһԱȡ˶ΪĹܻΪĴȲԼһݿġ
˵ſͬδԽ࣬ûرʵĵطֱӾͲݲɨһ¡
ϾԵĲҲдʲô˶ͬѧϰûлӴ壬дĶȻҲܿշ
һλ֪˵ֱߣ۹۱ǱǹģովЩ׵ȡĴ
ԭŵһݣּз͹⣬дҲʮʵ˾̾λĹ۵㻹ӱû̸
ǷԺУҲпܶĴڡ
˭ĺѴǰϣǵѧ԰εͷ
Ǹѧ֮ԺһףֱӾСԪ
ԣĴĴӵһλһλ
˵ƣ֪ͣ˲ϸĻǴ˴ΰ׾͸Եˣ˵ǰʮò
λҲֻǸѧųһжѡ
Ȼ֪ڿʮݴʱ򣬷ٶѾһֹ
̧ͷһۣ漴Σװոʲôû
ʮһݴܿ챻ɨķһߡ
һˡ
˫ȭʵʮֽţԭ˽׵ģŮ׼ѼҵĵϢûųȥҪȻƾ׹ϵҲ˿١
֪ȷʵʼĶĿһ£ƣˡ
һݴһƯ忴˾һ񣬴ӱʷ䶼ܹճһȡɡ
֪˸Ͻۣ룬ˣдôõѧһʮ㡣
ٰ֪ϲȵĶ˲ͷǽʤߵ΢Ц
лҪ˵
趨뻶ӭָpsٶȰٿƺҲһ롿
աѧȫ顷ͳƣεԺԿУĩһʮݣƽÿʮţһǧٰʮһأƽÿزҲ˵ÿԺԣÿشԼš
峯ɽоŸʮݣʮ˴趨ڵʡоŸ
˵ؾǧͯߪʮΪԱԺ͸ԣΪͯڵʡа˰ٶͯŴԼ80
䣺
ƴ涨˼ӵܲòμӿƾٿΪ
δ涨ߡμӿƾ
涨˼ԢԱزμӿƾ٣˺ԽԽĹʿҲӪ̡
ĴĹ涨Ϊ١ƾ֮ҲԴ׬Ǯԣûʲô̾Ͳܿƾ˵


73 
ٵ΢Цûþϡ
Ϊ֪ͻȻ,ֽкã
,ǸýڳһλĿˣ
ֵ֪ĿҲվ֪й,ϲˣ
Ψһĩ뿼һɻ
ʱǼһЩ׵ȡ,ԼһȻϰߣӺõΣһС
˵,֪˽кõӦǵһݴŶ԰
ѵ˵˲ϲʵĲۣӦð
֪Դչʵҵ,ȥոСʱµ,ׯҺһӡӾ,һһ죬ӺꡣճɵӲȾũׯںٶ١
֪˿ϵĻ,ʵɽ,Դ˴δв
ɽֱӳϯվڴ,֪档
ٴ֣˵¹ٲҡ֮ǰ¹ٺͬѾ׵ȴзݴΪ,¹Ϊ
ݴȽϳʣ
ɽվԭأ֪ĸ,عٵĸֽʦүݴȥˡ
ɽͷݣ¹ʱ©𷣡
֪˼һ£˵£ɡ
֪˵꣬еơ
ɽԼˣڳ©
ˣһ鰸ϵǿ֮׺ԣҲ˵ɽû˵ѵĻǾǺԶֽš
참ý֤ݣܽƾɽһ仰Ͷ϶һ
֪ԣϵЦʮֽӲ͸ŻšԼһݴ˾һֱάЦݡ
֪Ѿ˾ϡ
ۺȻţȴһֱûΪԼ⡣޷ǾΪ֤ݲȫ޿֡
֮ûŰĴҵȣֻǴ˼׵ȴ˳򣬾֪Ҳ˵Լֶ
ϾûĹ涨˵׵ȴһҪտⶨγʸ֪
Ҵ˳һȻдȴûдɷԶ
֪˵֪£ȥⶨΡ
ǡ
˶ȥ֪ÿݴķ𿪡
ȻԹ˴˳һݴĿȻǧ˿Ƶϵ
ǳ涨ˣѶ٣ô뿼ٵ׾Ͳڽμӿƾ١һڱʱͻɸ飬Կ϶ס
֪˵δ޵Ů͸ʻ͡

ʮݴ˫ֳʸ֪
ͬʱԼ˸ոձ֪޹Ƿݴͼᣬ˴ǰԵĳɼڱصм
֪Ц֮ǰҲǰס
һҲ֣ΣҶ֪ˡ
ڿҽڵ֪˺üܾáĽġֺĶ
ʱվԶЩǲˡ
ȵ֪غԺùţȥÿԴĽľǴǰǳλ˵ĺӡ
⺢йһ֮Ե
֮ǰֿ̲Ѵ˵ҪԶһ㣬һӶؾǡ
˵׶жж߽Ů˼ˣʣһ硭ҵøҸ˼ҡ
ٵ۶ƣȻ϶˲һӺùҲڸسҸҵסƷòֱȢĽġ
ȣһ㣬һ㣬òҪ̫Ľױ۸ȥ
ѡѡȥѡ˼˿ٵ
֪˶һļֵɻʣˣв
֪˵ޡ
ܹǼѾȥ꣬˹ĸ
ߣıʷжܿǸʵִϻ۵Ŀ֪ʵڲԸûѧ
ף㶨ˣ
=
˵ߣشͱԼС˯ʣ´Լڸǵļš
˵ԳɼȥǶӡ
ĽſϣɵӦ
ԼЦ֣˵Ͳȥ˸ǣͰӣ
Ľ˵Ȼ˾ҵȻźһֱ㡣ûǮҡҳԵıȽ١
һûסְ˰С˹ɡ
ȻͰ͵˵ԵıȽ٣ܺġ
ҵȻ֪ĽĴϣûкҲޡ
΢Щݵ֫屻չһĹԵأģֻнԼϵˡ
ĺĽĵڶû
СŤͷûҲĻͲ޲֡ƫƫתͷԼҰĽУǣ
ǰġĺóڸ̾ʲôʵֻΪں油һ̴ġǡ
Լִɽˡǰֻٽɽ髣öרıȥˡ
ǩĺԼÿʮöһҲһǧöʳ衣
й԰һ㶼ڷӵ˵ؽѣȥˮ껹ܽ
ǲȱ⡣
⣬ƹżҲʳسǻȥǱߵҽݡ
ԣҲṩʳԽԽá
ɽ԰԰ǵһ⣬ֱӾظ֤ԼĴܹ
ΪɽЩˣһٽֶʮҩЧж졣
԰˵ɣں尡Ҽǵϸ£Ǵ˸һ
΢΢ףϢ
ǿү·ȥǴͻҲմմϲ
Ĭһ£˵Ǹһҡ
԰ס˵ϲѾմˣ
֮æһ£ʮɽȫɴɽ衣һһأˡ
⻹ΪղҪȥΣôɽ衣
Ҳûķѧҵ磬ʱ֮ǰϰΣԼ⣬һЩ˹ġ
˯ǰָǴûжϹаԼԣԺȻ磬Ҳɹ
⣬ĽҲһ֡
Ľı˼ϸģֵͬʱעĥīоϴˮ׵ᵽ㡯ʵá
ĽĿԼһֳʮӣġ
˵ǰʵϲд֣ܾдֿ﷦ζһֺÿϾڴʱ䡣
ϲֱףȴҵؼʣϣ
Ľһ˲˵ʲôأҧҧȷʱ䣬
ڻЦղ۸㣬͸øԷŰˡ
˵ţ̽£
Ű񣬲ԼҲζйүϲ
Ľſڴϣɴ۾ֻаײܱүǰϲǡ׵ȡѧ
Ҳ˵ҰȷԼλм׵ȣ


74 
ԵķŰԴͬС,ǰաְ񡯵ķʽ,ֻȦǡ׵ȡĿţֻʮλ
ĴȦǡҵȡĿ,˵ֻʮλϾһҲֻ¼ȡʮλ
Һȱ˲,ʱҪѾ¿
˴θԣҲΪ˰ߪĿֻҪˮƽڸҪ󣬲,Կ¼ȡ
ǰܶ꣬ÿθֻ涨¼ȡʮˡʮһһʵ޶ٲ,ܷ¼ȡȫ֪һ֮䡣
½ʩ,¼ȡѧŻ֮ǰһ벻ֹ
ǻԱԣ,ǿƾƶȾͻָϿ
ȻһϵϣȻڲ¥¥,ϴβͬ,ӷҲߡ
Ǽһ𻥱ˣϵҲ׽һ㡣

ֻ񣺡ˡ
ӷЦǼҲǡڴ˴֮˵ȵȲ,ɢ
л֡
øŰ׼ˣʱһű,ΧȺϲġŰˡϣƿ
ڶ¥,ǺƮɤ۶ϵ˫ҲԾճȭ
ѾƮǰ·𻹲ӰûеһʱͰѷŰݿϸ
ǽˣ룬ϴԷŰҪơ
˵ϴֻԼЩĺܰ׷ѣھǲĽʧ
ֻпС׵ȡʸڸǵڳǲⷿ򷿡ڳǾסȻض࣬ҹܳţȫϵҲߡ
ǰ˵ĻûҶԺ͸мһ£Ľȥ飬ĽĺͺӸô죿
ʱ̫ȣǷҲңʮ´󣬸ر
ԣʱֻίľܾĺ⡣
ԺÿΣ걨ԺԣÿԴŷɺСӶӸǡ
ȡŹ󣬵ǿٻǽ黹Ǳѧ鼮ڵҪࡣ
ջع˸ߺҼʰҼʰϴεİͬһˣ
ȻǼȻҲ仰ÿü̬һſڴӿڣŬڴСȦѰԼĿš
ȺںҼʰֳˣ
һ˲΢壬û뵽˾ȻǵĿš
ⲢϲãװԤġ׵ȡλҪá
ȦĿɨһ飬λеߣҲǸˡ
һûбӰ죬˵ǰ
ӷҲܿҵԼΣһ
ȵȻҲҵԼֵʱ˵ϲٴժðףϰˣʮ
ȻҸպʮһҺý֪˸⿪ллء
˵ʱЩڵڶڿԳΪͯˡ
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ϲپһҪȥġ
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ϾϲۿǴӸǴԶϹġ
˵ϲǮ룬׹Ȼǰףдúã˰
ҲͶұȥ鷿С˵˾䣺˴θʱ֪ϳһλ٣˵᰸֮ϯйء
㶣û뵽λүʵڣϽһϲǮ
лү´˺ע⡣
Ҳģ֪ϧţֻҪĺã֪˾ͱ㣡
˵Щ˱裬׼ȥˡ
ʵԼҲ֪ôϳ͡ģѧٶ֪Ϊ£ֱ֪ӰԭӦλеڶѧֱӱᵽʮ
֪Ѿ˲ԣѧ٣ŮҪ˵ףɾһݴʦĳӡ
ԭӦý׵ģΪԱѡΪ٣ұװûϵʵΪθԡ
֪֮˰˼λ٣Ǹɽ˵ȫһ£ǶǿŷɽĴڵһλģ
֤֤ڣ϶ǺԶֽţ
˵ͷֱ˶ࡣ
֪ⶨϢˣȴΪ˽Ե˳һֶҶԡ
ⱾǺԵĴȻɹѺ֪ҲиʹֶΡ
˴κŪɳ׾Լܻ˵ѧҲ롮׵ȡԵ
ѧʦǰҪֽŵˣΪûгԡ׵ȡѧڸط;õԴֻһһ䡣
ʱ֪˵ľߣСѯʣǷ̫ˣ
֪۾һɣȻ¶Щ֮ɫ̫ƾٿԿǺӵΨһͷصķôôǱ˵İף
ֻ룬ǣĲдֻ˳ɫһ㣬ϸͻԵ񡭡ǺԵֶο϶ֱӵóѡ
֪˵ʱҿܾͻһݱǰ׵ĴΪҵȡ
Ͼ׵ֻʮݴǰǹʮݣΪľѡ֮ʮ
⻰æϴ˵Լö졣
֪ȴûͻСĥһʱͺˡ
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ʮָˣ¾һ⣬֮ǰڸǵԺѧϰĽЩ顣ȥټ˫׵ͷԺ϶㡣
æлüĿȫǳϿң˿׵ĽԸ
Ժ͸аף֮ԺУѧԺԵˣҲ֪عӣѴǰİˢȥ
֮λ϶ܲ˵ġ
ɫѧȻȫԸ
˳ȣ˺϶ǳ㿪ھҪԼҪ뷨˵
һ뵽ӵ̬ȣټԼӦٵ꣬ˡ
ֹһϲ׷ʵˣ¾ôƪˡ
ָһӵÑŸˡ
֮ȥãƹԼãͬۡʳ衯ķӣǾͻڽʱ֮ǰ̸
ԭ뿿ҩ׬ǮǰҩķӶֱҽܹġ
˵ˣʳķֲоģҲΪС͸дʫԸԼϱӱʫһ
ƹټȱǮ
ҲǸͨˣû¸嵽ʳ˼̻ĵزиҲֻⷽˡ
д·ӵʱͷһǣ˷һż
ɽķϱҲûרѾڿҩ⵹ǿԼһ
ƹЦȻԭҲд֮ضԼҪ̫Ͽ
ƹʵ˵ûҽݴϵķмԼԭģ
һʮƱЦ˵лƹο
ʱͬȥʳԷȥڵľƼұһ̳Ϻõľ
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ȻˣϲҲȥǡ
ӷȥسǣÿ˶˴㡣
ȵۻСҪ˱Ũ裬ԭ˻ƣӵţλƳȥ


75 
,ƱŸĽĿ
΢۵Բ,˵ĶôǮ
˵Ұʳҩˣʮӡ
ĽûȥƱȻǮˡ
ΪԸעԼҷܲĽΪ⿪̿,ֶˮ
ŸƽĵħΪʲôЩģ
˵ΪɽҩֻһżϿģȴҩ׬ǮиС
Ľıס,Ȼ֮ǰϲ,йڴ˷Ľܡ
˶٣˵Ķطھһ㶼ǧ,ٲãֻҪǶģٶϡ
ЩǶҩ,ҿЧ,ʮһ֮䶨۶ԡ
ǰ˵ԼķӲǶټС,ƹĲŸʮ
һ㶣ԭƹ֮ǰ˵Ǿ仰ǿοڵĶ۱ˡ
ò˵,ԼСɽӴԽãܷϸԼĵط
֮ǰĸĽ仰ȫ⿪еԾԾԣȥƤķӡ
ҲѣƷʽپڶˡ
ܸݡԼԺе֪ʶ׫򻯰Ӧÿ׬ӡ
ĽĴսˣ˵պ˾ơ
Ҫʲôζľ𣿡
Ľľȣǰûдƻ
ֱȥ˱Ϣӣζ𣿡
Ľԭɬһ£˼άĻܣȻ˼һ£ȻҡͷûС
ǿŲŲȥ۸Сô˹԰
ϴ˱ڻ˵ԼĴ㡣
մˮ·ȥǣȥ÷ӣȻһͰӡ
Сԭ˯ˣ˵ˡӡ֣֪ڽԼȻͻȻ۾ǡ
ϽСӱ˯
ҺСƽûѹûãֺܿ˯ˡ
Ľָָ˯ŵСӣС˵֪ڽء
Ĭһ£ֻпԼôô
֮˵漰ӣˡȻСӻ֪Լͽ˿ûзӦ˯ú㡣
ڶһ磬ĽĺͺиӵϱչˣлŸǰȥϡ
ʵиͣ㣬ͷǰźӵƶŵġ
ԭԪʮҲᣬʱѾûãǺѡɺͺӴ˵ļ
ϵǵǣ˳ĻֻҪһʱ䡣
ǲ˳磬Ǿ͵ϰѴͣڰߣԼҸ߿ջסһϡ
ˮ·;ɽпջļʲ󣬴󲿷оĴҶѡٽǵޡ
⻹һŴĴûκζ豸ֻһݣƽȵƯˮϡ
Ӻ󣬺ĿȾҲļӰߵľɫ񻭲һһչ֡
վڴͷ֣紵죬ȴһ㶼оһֻΧľɫ
޷ǾǺɽˮȴڰɽֵ߷ܣ˷·С
ͻȻˡ
˵ˣ𴵷̫ˣȻкͷ̫̫һ뽪ٿҲ
Цŵллˣҵһǰûδľɫ
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ǻǲдֱдƯƯŸҳ
ҪȻûı԰Ѵײʱ˴УҪˡ
˵ƽҪġ
һǵһ ˺˵ˣ˵˲һ֮ǰһعһˣӰ˵ٻһֱװ˵
ʱΪ˸ãҲҲһӵķԡ
ٴγĬֻӲת˻⣺춼ˣסĶ
Ҵ˴ҪһЩزȥǣӴһˣܶ׬һǮҲ⡣
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ǶˣȥޣǮġ
ͷӦ£ʱܶ࿼ڿʿ֮ǰѡ񵽴
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컹ûȫʱ˴ңٶ༶̨ףſڡ
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ǣɫдΣգֻǰ߶š
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Саãһ΢һɮ˿ó
ϺֱӸһӰӡ
涨ÿʱӣʩ¡
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ȵɮߺŴԼӣһŴһšһһյ͵ƣСȴҲȫ
Ѿȫˣȥիիݺ͵ƣѰտɽˮ
ҹ
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һ磬ʰԼķ䣬ңڷǰһ㣬ٴγˡ
ʱ͵˸⣬Ǯ󣬸Ͻǡ
һҿջǿƾٿڼ䣬ջҵʮľҸɾĿջ
˵Сڹܷ޹ĸˡ
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ĻȻҵν
ڹŴǡسϷݵ޶רڹܣҪ򷿵ȥɸĹŻӡ
Ҳ˵ҺˣҲǼǣȻ˻ȥѯﲻӦĻⷿҲˡ
Ȳ鿴ļʹ峤֪飬ֿʣ
üϲ̫УףҸ첻ˡ
˵滹ϡ
˵ҺæҾɸ鲻ͨ㻹ȥӰɣֱˣһ˼͸ˡ
̾²ţعٺ֪ˡյ㡯ԡ˫ף˴򷿣ҲΪ׼Ժԡ
˵ţóǷдţʦƼȥԺź
һ£Ͻݡϲ֪عٴ˵ӡ¶أ
Ͻվ˵ԭͯһæԴͷΣ˲С˹
ƾٵ˶֪ù֮λԺԺ϶šžеٵĿˡ
ŶͻȻʵǰ̬Ҳûжӣ˵µܹ¹죬ǾҲǱԼܻߡ
ȫ̬ȸı޵߷ڣƽϣ
⻰ʮ̹˱裬ʵͯĵضΣ߷ݴСͼλҪ󣿡
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Сʱһֱϲճ⺮ɽ£ҹʹ䣬ǰȥݣԲ˺һ롣


76 
İ,ֻһյĹ򲻵,õ˼ҺʵϢ
ǶԺӣǰ˼䷿Ժ䡣
⻧Ҳǰ˼䷿,һԺӣ˵̫̫ϲֲˣһء
˵֣λҲ̫ƫһ䷿㣬һʮԺ,ԺӾ۸Ҳࡣ
дĵַ,ָл̧ű㳯ǻȥ
Ȼ,;˳ӡ
ʵӿԺӵķӣϾС,һطźá
һ˼Ǯ,ԭǵȪˣʱô,лڸ˷ӡ
Ѿ֪֮꣨ʮ꣩ҶӵҲڸǷչ,Űѷȥ
ŵʱǸʮҵ˽Ӵġ
˿ӡ£͵˹֤
ʴˣ̬Ȼ飺Ѿˣ㿴ⷿǰݹһΣµġ
ϸĴԺӣӰڣȥһСԺӣгȡ
ⶼǰոǹ涨ĸʽϸġ
һԺԺһһ鷿ҡ
ԺǶǳҲļ䷿ԺԺСԺǽĵطһھ
һԺмôŷָȿ赲˿ԺҰʮ־ãĵʱ㡣
Ժȷʵͬ˵ǽںשܸɾֱס
ݷ˵˼Ҳģܺ˵
ױʾԼ֪ˣҪȥ֮ջ𸴡
Ц˵УҾ͵㵽աˣ⼸նڴ̣㽻Ҳܻȥ
һɫԼʱȥڶ
ǻ˼ȴûڼҡ
ȥĻܻûι۵һ룬ͺˡ
ڳǹɭϣҲûпԴ󵽸ȥսȨ
ԴȻźҲֻϹһͳǡ
һжϱ֣ˣʮ֡
ڶգ˴磬ÿеĶҲûôˣǰݷñ˵ĺʱ
ʣµһݵľ£ЩǽƤһƬΪª
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ڶȥݷ˵һ˼ҵȻǶˣⳡתƹʶ۹׼Ҳʮֺ
˵Լһһʮ´СĺӣȻƽʱܹɣżǻ󺰴УϣӰ졣
Ϊǻῼһ£ȫڰ֣˵£ⷿӸܲ
ǰҼҺСҲ⣬֮Ƕ˵û
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ֹգڻص˴
񣬴˶֪ȥǵԺѧϰļķɺͺӣҪһȥס
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Ҳĸˣֻѧһ꣬˺Ȼҵĸ
ͺãͺá
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ʣµĵĹߺͻĸͷָˡ
ȻרʰһңװӸСĸС
һ˵Ҳûкܶ࣬·ŰһȽϺصװֳġ顷徭͡ʥ͹ѵлѧ鼮ֳ
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ڵһ磬ӵţûհСٹʱ򣬾űߵ졣
˾ȻǴ峤ӭ鷿Ľļæˮ˽
ȵĽĳȥ󣬴峤˵֮ԽԽԾֻڸסһĻΪʲôҪӣ
ûü˵
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лЩչˣҲԼ˽ġ
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ҽףԺ󵽵׻ز۴ӡ
վ˵ȻءӦòֹһꡣ
峤õҪĴ𰸣Цˣһȷʵʱ̫̣㶼ѧʲôõĶʶҲҪ
仰ֻҪϹͷڣʹۺһֱ
峤һҾ峤վмᶨɫӲ
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СӣĽ·СҪԺȵ׺Ҳûţ͸ţߡ
Ҳ֪Ϣģ˶ˡ
ȻǵˣҶһӣ̶ܳҲʤˡ
꿼оүˣ
һҪ
СӵףԸԳԺóԵĺ⣡
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ţ磬㡭
дڣϣԺҲܹԺӡ
˵Щ֣ٴ̧ŵʱѾӯˮ
Ȼһһźӣᶨĳȥ
ȵϴһ·϶ܳĬӲ˵ȥ˸ǣע˴򽻵۸ȥ㱻۸ˣҲܰһسӡ
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ﻹڵĻôгϢһܿġ
ûþ밶ˣվڴͷڰ͵͵ĨӣԼҲ̲ס
СӿᣬɴԼ۾ĵüһɰΪɰ
ǣ
ȻˣȴȻûЦҲûһԼֻתͷǣǣ
ĽʵһֱԱߣһ񱻷һ¶ȸպÿڡ
ȵ
ӹ󣬸һաǰҴк˵ҪͰѴնʰĸɸɾ
һĵطңһЩյأֱ£һ
Ľ˵ĪҪ̫ѹҺͰӻһֱߡ
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ĽС˵ǾùµɻҪһӣҡҡ
ΪСɵĻһͿ
һӵҲӻôСҲ̫ۡ
ĽС죺۰

Ľĵͷ˵ţСܵܡ
û˵ʣϲŮ𣿵Ů
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ĽһԣľԼںİο๫˳һӵ鰡


77 
Ѿ¶,ůȻϷ,ȴǸʺϳεӡ
ȹ˴ǶΣΧĴֻ𽥶ͷվŵ,඼Ǵų۵Ķˡ
ûұСӳȥ磬ֻ͸֬Ĵߴ˵ĵط,ɽˮɫ
˵ȵ΢һ,ܵʱӴ档
ţǷ˼,ʱֻҪһС𣿡
ĽĵԴʱԣǲ
ĽСèһ,۾,ġ
Ľһֱ˼ٱԼ뷨
Ȼḁ́ҲĽԼ뷨ֻǴ˶ôɹˡ
룬Ǹ͵Ǽҵĺ,󾫲,Ժõ㣬
ϾڹŴҲûı,üСҲ㹻ˡ
ĽĴٴţ
ڴϣһ·˳磬컹ûھ͵˸ͷ
ͷǰܶţͣЩŷ
ʮĹӶһţȫ̧ȥĽһֱСӣصһЩС
ţʦڸⲻԶĴ˵һʮģ̫ܶ˲ҽڳǵĻ
Һýһ˾͵øϽ
˵лʦϳˣ
ʮ꿩ܵÿһʮϣ˺˶࣬֡
һ¸Ĳƥ͹ưãϳʦԴ˽ģÿζҪشһ顣
ڳŵʱ·˳ͨС
һ֣ҹգٶ׾ܿһųĸۡ
СӣĽָָ˵Ǿǵ¼ҡ
Ľĵɴ۾ЩɻΪʲôš
ţͿȻϱˡ
Ľ΢壬ϱʲôƺ
ʱ˶ȢΪޣȻҲûרŵĳƺĽ룬ôƺŰɡ
һ̧һ߽͵Ȼǰ͵˸ǣޣæһЩҪļҾߣסա
֮ǰ˵ҪҵʱСҹĽģ˵ĽȻȥ˸סӣһȥǿյľԺ䣬ʰþá
Ľ֪Сֻ򴽣аڣĶҶȥ
ȫСӺ£ԺǽҲǽ׵ģϵ֦˻ء
ȻĻ˵ʵЩǰϴλȥ֮ǰģҲʹһ¡ҽ·Ͽ˲͵ƾˣܵúˮ˳ˮ
Ȼǵܵ
˭ֵܰţԺɵþ߶ˡ
ʱӭ
̨ʲôϴϴˣֻҪٵĻҳֱá
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á
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ֹ˼գ˴˰ױ̨İӺͳԷİ
ưƷҲûµġ
ϾõС̨һֻҪһǮһֻ;˺ܿȫû
⼸еĸܵ֡Ǯˮĺ塣
룬Լٲҵ㷨׬ǮҪ벻ˡ
Ҹ׬Ǯ·ȥԺʱ򣬳ȻȻ˴Ÿˡ
Ժֻ̣ţ֪ɽһ£˵˫Ҳԣ
΢еԥʲôģ޷ǾǽӴ͡ɣ֪ȵķӡ
ϾԺѧμӹ˿ƾ٣߼Ҫμӿƾ١
̣ܵȻЩ֪ȣǷһ㣬˵ԺҲժð֮λ
ԼҪ׬Ǯ
ôŵίĻؾ˳ȻĽ顣
̺·׬ǮȻֻܶѡһϾ̿϶ûֻѧϰôС
ûãŵˡ
ٺ»
¾͸ŴŵȥԺ˫ףż㣬˵ĽҲûΪһЩ⣬ԴӵÑǽѧѡѧ
ΪڸзӣԲסԺ
˵ȻˣͲҪȥסʼϿΣóٵˡ
ѧ֪
ͬ޿ΣϤһ»
ǣл͡
ٻ˵ı׼ʿ㣬̬˿˫׵İͶӡ󲻴
ȵߺ󣬽ųӰ
һλ٣ԺɽһλڵĻȻϳǾ֪ˣ
ôԼյ˫װɽŰ׺룬Ц
֪˵ɽǿдĲۣŸҲһ̬
Ȼ㶼ô˵ˣұȻȥһˡ
ӭ֮
Ȼ֪ЩȻ¶֪ⱳ֪Ʋ
Ȼǰȥ̵ֻžʮ߸иΪ죬ʲôطȴ벻
պڴ˽пˣɼǰΪ̡Ϊ⣬һƪۡ
һɵĿµĽͣɶ


78 
ΪʲôҪ
,ˣǰҿŵʱ,ֻ⣬Ҷɴ¡ǰķڲϡ
ڲϵ裬ҵʮ֮λ,ֻԵˡ
˰λԼΪ˳֡һéٿ,ΪʲôԼʶˡ
λݼֱһĥӿ̳ģ
ȥ,ΪĺҪˣøȥչˡ
ڿλдúõ,žĺˡ
۵е󣬽ɤӣ˵
Һܿ찲,ͽ˵,Ժġۡ塯ר̣˴ΪӦº٣¿ˡѧԣƸҲΪѧȻѧ
¹Ȼû֨ˡ
֪ǰ,ҲΪѧ顣
Ϊһ֮,Ҫܸڵ磬Ҫķ硣
ЧʵƳӦѧ,Ǿ͵ðʵȥ
ԺԶڸǣѾ쵽ʡ
һ붼Ǳǵģڽǡ
ϾſһΪԣΪڰ¾УҲΪǡⲻڱǵĿʡ
ͬʱҲÿʡķʢĵطԺΪԵĿ
еʡΪشƫƧͨ㣬򲻽蹱ԺЩʡҪʡݵĹԺϿǸʡĿ
˵Ҫӱٵøʡž
ԺеĽͶǾ˳ʢ⣬ҲǴԺԸݸŵԭ
ȵǶվԭء
ͿʵԴ˻ʲôʣ
ԽѧʦѧҪо⣬ǰ֪ʶũɣ촬Ƚ
ֻоѧ⣬ú֤ǰ˵ĸֲ룬ͲʺԼ
ѧ˼άûչֵز֮ڿڿƾٿչ¶ͷǣ󲿷ԭǿݽΪ
룬ϱӵĵȼ֣ѧҲǱˮƽ
Ҫоѧ⣬ٵо߲ʿˮƽ
ǰһΪҪʿԷΧֻܻش޿ɷ档
⣬Ȼ֪˺ɽõݡ
˵ԺѧҪоߣǰߣרŵĴܶԴϤоǸȤԼĳɹ󣬿ɽΪټ
ԻлͣѧҲǡöӦ÷ѧΪȤ
ȥ󣬾ͼȻվſڣ˵ҴȥԺĽлȥ˾ûˣ
лȷʵ˵ǰǽʿԲζڵĽл
ɫԺĸ֡
ȻȴϽؼңԺǵɽϣ߻ڳǴŵûСʱ
ϿٿҲڳɵСġ
ãȻȥ
=
ȥʱ컹ţԺڴ£ܿĽСæӰ
Щ⣬Ϊ˴ϵʣµ߰˸Լҳųԡ
ĽĸհѲʢ̧۾Ϳˣ
ӹ˵Ĳˣ˵ţȥ
Ľҡͷھģмס
⳴񣬷ѳࡣ
ǵǸ»վ͵ѧĽһڼҿɺ¡
Ľ˵£ڵ˼Ҳиͺµĸ˼䡣
ҲãĿԶཻһЩѡ
ĽЦӯӯĵͷţ˫ֻСһ֪꣬ܶฮ顣
˵ίЩʱգպҿ̣Сӳ̤ࡣ
ڰܻûãֻȰԼõġ顷徭һ飬ϱСӸ顣
Сӣѽ
ץסҶ֣
СӣǣԼ֣ȥ죬ʾԼ
Ľ̿ӲôСϲ顣
üѵ𣿡
һᵽ飬ĽҲ˼ˣһ仰кöֽͣѶ
룬ѧԼˡ
״û˵ΪСҪιֻ֣ȺСӡ
һĽЩǣСӲϲ飬ô죿
Сҵץסͷ档
ЦиҵԳͷһҪ顣˵ˣڻôСԺϲʲô˵׼ġ
Ľ룺ҲǣԺҿԽСӵ١
˵Ļᵯʲôݡã
ݣҺþòˡ
⵹£Сһ´ࡣ
˵ĹС٣Ҫι֡
һûСӣϴ֣Ȼǿƺ˯
Ҳû۸ĽģֻǱһߡ
ĽϺ˱ˮҪޣȴԼСǰһ첲
ĬĬԼĸ첲ԱȣЩ˷ģѾ𽥳ˡ
ԼΪǸԵʣôëҲֻά͡
ֲ࣬ʱĽĸԡǾ׵İ̧Ƚʱû˿
ĽİԺеĻƲĸ첲̧ȴô̧
ֱԴЦʶԭˡ

ˣˣȥɡ
˵ţʼ·һȥԺǧܳٵˡ
Լʰ׵ǱĽҲ׼緹
˿Ĩһͣθ·
緹ĽĴǰû
ɫ˵óϴΰŴ˼Ҿèѧһ¡
˵ϴĺóԡ
ⲻǿվԿԿϳˡ
ȻǼ򵥵ļҳˣĸӷθڡ
С˵˾ȥԺˡ
С§ӣһ£ǡ
ĽЦ˵Сǻ顣
ŻСҲһڰһڡ
ȥԺϿΣ׵װ˱īֽ⣬һõļ
ĽıСӰ͵ſڣ˵䣬ȥɡ
á
ĴŻϣ̧ߡ
û߼ԼҵĴͻȻ򿪣һݵӰϸӯһա
ÿüĵɰ룬Ҳ֪Ǹ
֪˼ңֻʶҵˣĻһУк
Ųû٣ֱǰߡ
˸ȳһߵ֣ȫûܺˡ
ȥԺ֪ԭԺҲְġ
ͯոԵһְ࣬׵ȵѧʮˣװࡣ
ҵȵѧһˣηֱֳ࣬ҡ
Ȼڱ࣬ڼװĽԶԶҲˣм仹һ
óȻĻݣǾ˺ţ֯ŮȵŲᡣ
תߣȻ˵鰡֪ٳаɣҾ͵ͷţ
˵ֻʣ°ĹˣҪȻٵְӡ
ȻȾܣԺĽɿɱҪ˽˵ʹ򣬶һ
лҪ˵˫Ϊʲôңҵôϸ


79 
ڽװĽ,⣬һϤס
С,ҲߣڵһĵĥīβȴɨһϤӰ
Ĺ̫ǿ,۾ȥ
磡
߹ȥ˵,ҲԺ,̫ˣ
ûʱɣۿŽɾҪ
ʣˣ𣿡
˵û,ˣ㣬رϸ񡣡
ԺĽͶǾ˳,ϿΣų,зḻĽѧ飬ͯǽΡ
º󣬽Ҳպ̤żԽ
ǸʮˣСͺࡣȻ,,Ҳûܣֱӿʼ˿ʼ顣
Ҳ֪չѧֻ㱳һΡʥ͹ѵ
Ҳǵһ ѧ,ое档
־ѧ䲻һȴҲûһˮģҶı飬ɽεʱҲͷʼǡ
ɲԺģȻֻŹȴʮ͸
ںܶʱѧԼۣȫûôŰ塣
ȵǣÿѧٵͯСܣ˭˭
£ҲԼĹλһԣԴ˾⡭
ҽѧϲ˵
оݣԼĽңӦ
ţԼڰǰһֱд
ȴұ۵Ĳ࣬Ҳ±ʣ½յĿѧݹŽֱӳš
ת̾磬ľˡ
ǫӡĽʽܲһ
˵ɲôλɾϲôұۣڽ̨ϸÿ˴֣
ľȣ֪ÿ˵֣
Ȼÿ˿˵һʱ򣬶ԼͰ㻰еּ¼ȥ֡
Ĭˣû뵽ʱһֱڷܱʼ飬ԭ¼
˵ߣȥիɻס޵ѧܳԺţֻڷϰλ˯
Ȼ֪ʲôʱ˹ȵĴһի
ܵųȻ棬û˵ϵ⣬ⶼǼսҸңǷˣþûĶ飬ҵǮ
ȻΪԼҲˡٺͬķա
ǳȻίȫߣի
뼸´ȥ淿ļһ
ȻһڴӦһĽұΪһסޣû뵽ֱӰѷɴ˸ǣӮҰ
Ȼע㲻˵ܣΪʲôѰи磬ֱӽ֣
һҧϰѳȻи磬ȻεѵҪҹ𣿡
ܣаҿ϶С
Ȼ
ûˣ˵Ҷ񰸼õˣȻȥռ
Ӯҡ
ǡ
ߣȫ֪˿˫ԼĽЦһš
ģԼ˸ˣҽ籾̽һ£ҲһֱۣӴ粽ˣ
ĽЦ˫˫´οɱôˣҪȻıЫ
Ľһ㶼ɵȥǰͷƵ飬ӵϱˡ
ʱӵϱ˵ͷƱҪŰӼ޸Ǯֱ򷿣նľܾˡ
ģɩӿҲǸԺӣúøŰġ
˫ѾЫ˺òã
㲻֪ҵʱ˴Զ飬Ҵû·һˡ
Ľ˵˫˫֪˵˶Ķģҷ
ԺҪô̽ˣҲһ˺
˫Ц⣬Ǹ˵ԺҲôˣԺҼҷͿǽߡ
ˡĽװŭ
˾Ժţ죬˫˵˰档
Ľ˵á
˫Ȼ˵Ҳûһۣ߹ˡ
Ľǰӹӣ˵˫⼸һֱ졣
Ժﻹиո˴ذ·ʮ͡ͻȻһ¡
հǼ죬ΪںϽַھྣ˵ЩĻ
ʱ˵ĳиʮ˵ˣз÷ÿɿһɡ
ýַĻ˵ǣΪɿΣи̵ĹŮ޸ýˣɶͬ⡣
ַ˵ɼ˵ԼлԼǸ̹Ů˵ԼƽޣɻǲԸ⣬˵ʲôһһһ˫ˡ
ʱû˵иҲ°ģʣȻأɾµĹ°
ַ䵭΢ĵز󣬸ʮ꣬ʮꡣȢ죬ˮ·ӭȢͻȻ꣬ˣ˺öˡǸҲˡ
һʱʧ
Աߵ˻׷ʣǸأѳ𣿡
ַһۣʲôѳ飬ҲһȻûš
ҪȻ˭ܰǷµɼһӡ
ɵĸĸкܶຢӣ꣬˶𽥵ˡ
ÿԪϦˣֻʣǸˡ
˸ϽǸԲһӿˣôˣ
Ҳ֪㲻󣬱Ͼ·ڲŹꡣֻ֮ذ׻ߺɫ·ַ˵磬˵żܿ
ȶ˵ǻӰɣڰ·Ǻڰ޳𣿡
ʱҪæûϸΪǽַĹ£Ҳû⡣
Ų˫Ƕιµ˹ˡ
ͺʹŴ綼Եϡ
ôһ룬Ľģ˫˵ʲôˣ
Ľġһ£˵ϺģǰϲμǺ飬ҲϲЩطȥһ˵ıϻҪϸ
룬λȥȻġ
ûֱӰ˫˰̽¶ֻʣ˫и˵£
Ľ˵˵ˣǼۣǰ磬ȢްȥˣǼֻ͸ĸס
˵𣿡
Ľϸ˼һ£ûˣĵľμǣ߾ǸļҵĲѺÿ
΢˼һ£˫ҲֻǺòҵһ־ͬϵѣӦò˼
ȥСӣ
СȻִġѽ
һĶˣ˰Ѱ鷿ʣµĴױ̨ķӶԺ
ȵߺԼЩ̧Ժ
ﵽС͸н롣
ϰ飬дһƪۣҲ㿼ԸϰϾͦȡһѧ̵ְλ
յʱգ۾͵ˣϣٴμʶɼǱʼǵĹѾ޾
磬Ҫȥݲμ̵Ŀˡ
ǰҶż࿼Ҿȡ׼ԡ
Ȼǰû࿼Ա⣬λ͡
μӿ˵Ľʮˣ٣׵Ļᡣ
ѧȰȡֽϣ㡣
ɼֿĿѶȣһʱдѧ⣬ʼ˼۵ˡ
Ŀľ
ûԺԣ֪ԺԵĲ۲ֱӴ徭һ仰ǻȡؼʣ¼ƴһ
ǿʵǾȫ֪Ŀ
ȷʵһ£ܿͷӦ䲻ǳԡ֮ڹҲô
˼ʱû֣ԭλߣѾ֪ʱվ
Ժɽϴδɸ֪һ·һΡ
ΪɽдĺõĲۡǱ߸ԵĲɽеȶֻΪеƫ¡
Ҫ֪ɽƽʱĲۣǾǡнʿдġ
һԣɽۣѾǶϿɡ
ɽһֱֽддѧ˿û˼·Щʧ
ܿͿʼھ̲ܳסȥһ¡
һɽͻȻñ
Ȼⶼдˣ
лҪ˵
ӡ֮ڹҲУ뛴,ʤʳҲ;ʱɽ,ľʤҲ
ĿȴԭģִճɡĿľ


80 
ɽϸȥõڶ⡣
Լ,еƫʱ¹Ϊ㾭湴ɶԲʼ㡣
Ҳûôı㣬ǳһȽѧ鼮евͶ
Ǹߴڲ巨͸߽׵Ȳе,ȻʵѣĿҪ,ȷʵûʱ䡣
ɽϸȥոΪͼֽֽһΪǹ,ϸȥ,񡭡ȷʵЩŵ
ɽɽȻ˼·ͬ,һҲͿĽⷨ
ֻǡѧĲݸҲ̫ʲһ㡣
ɽȻô,ϵЦȴҲԽԽʢڵһ,һף
ͬʱڳǵļ,˫û¾ȥĽġ
ʼֻǸĽЩ־,Ľеīˮ԰ҲĽİȥˡ
ĽĻǵһοһμǣ
ϾЩ㡮顯,̶뻰Ӳ¡
,Ҳֻļ,ôҪȻ϶ҵ
˫Ľľ̾񣬶գգۣҼһкüأ㿴Щ,ٰЩ
ĽЩ˼˫˫Ҿô׿顭
Ҫǲ׿͸ô
ĽԲɣ飿
˫˵ǰͲ׿ˡ
ĽӦˣͷ˵ãÿһյĹҾ͵ȥСû
û⡣
Ÿչ£̫õʱ԰Сӱɹ̫Ҳ̫ãҪȻСӻϷ纮
ĽһⱾķЩ壬ȴǱѹģǲСĽˮɹɵʱֽžͻᷢ塣
ĽҲû̫࣬Ϊ鼮ҳûУó˫ǸˣӦϸá
ĽĶзӴҲ࣬ʱ򲻻ֱӻɱ˽ӽĿġ
ɨͰӸ˫һԺ飬ͷ˵ĻǾڴ¡
ʯʮɫӨΪ̾һʯءϣᴥ֮ʯֶ
ĽΣ̾ɾ𣿴ֶǾǴ˵Ķ
˫ŴЦɵӣʲôɰ׾ܿ
ĽıϾʮ꣬ǰ鿴Ҳ࣬ʣ׾ʲô
˫ӵһзңҼǵõʰд׾Ľܣֹɽ׾кء
˫һ죬ʰأôû
ĽЦ˵ʰⲻ
˫ָһ飬ֵ׸Ľġ
Ľ˵˫˫ͱҿЦˣʰǱ
˫Ķһ˲佩ָܿȻİϵ鼮׸Ľġ
Ľķҵ׾һҳ
û֣˫£ָ΢Щûɻ𽥻͹
ҪμӾ̵Ŀԣ粻˫ԸĽһҳˡ
ڼ˫ĸһˣЩԼƶ߱ӣܺóԡ
ĽЩĽ㡣
˫һ£˵ǰҲТһֱǲġ
Ľĵ˫˫Ҳô˵
˫˵ģ㲻ðοңΪҲ֪Ժô졣
ô˵أѾһӲޣھ͵Լ֮һ˹¿ô졣
һӲޣڵʱѾʮŵۡ
˫Ц»Ǹɡ
ĽĻûлعѾҡҡͷ
һ˵˫˫ǸˣȻܴ󵨣ҷ˵ÿ˶Լ뷨׷󣬲׵۹ȥһˡ
˫һ£˵ģ
Ľĵͷ˵ʱڽ̰ӱ飬Ӳϲ˵ġ
ʱܶ˽ӳиҵ˻Լĺһ㣬ŮᱻҪ顣
ȫû뷨ֻᾡ׵ְ𣬸Ӹѡռ䡣
˫ͻȻͷȥĽľȻڵᡣ
˫Ĩһ˵ɣҷ򡭡Ҳ˵Ļ˵ϲҪȥЩĵطһ顣
ĽĳĬţ˫úõľ
˳극˫Ľϴ룬ʰ鱾ֱӻȥ
Ľļʰ鱾ÿ鶼˳һһźãʶ֡
룬Լˣ˫ô᲻ʶء
ؼҵʱ춼ˣҺܵÿ죬֮ǰϻ˼ҡ
ĽļϱŲӣͷҲðź飬æˮϴ֡
Ѵӷڳ˵ס
ĽĿġ»һ¾ͷӦŴЦϲΪ̡
ʵн

ĽϴԿеĽһĨ糺Ʈաβҧҧ˵С
ԴǺѾ¹ȥˣûȡ
ǰΪණۿžûˣȴûҵ׬ǮӪ﷢ȴʲôû˵ֻҲû۸ɡ
׼ѧԣϴ赹ͷ˯
ڰ׬Ǯְλֻ³Żᷢ»ȴʱ졣
»ȫϵףӨ󶼺㡣һ㶼ûȷԼƸúֱӾȥס
Ľ֣ϴ裬ϴ
ϴβһ֪ԼҷֶԲ׼ŷȥ󣬲ŷԸԼġ
һ죬ĽĹȻȵһν˲٣ȻǱĲӣſϣôԼҲһʱ䡣
գˬȥֵĽġŬסϵĲݮӡ
˫ָֻЦӯӯģĽĸ顣
ЩƧ֣ĽĲʶ˫֪ܸĽĽʲô˼Ľȫٻ˫ʶˡ
̺ÿʱ䶼ѧ鼮
ϾǸĲţܶ鼮ǹ±
û뵽ֱӸѧ˾λߡ
ôÿ˽Լ˵ѧ٣ؾͲ
оѧũҵҵ÷˰񷨡
̸鼮Ϊرпе鼮ܳȥֹ⴫
⣬Ч¾۲ѧÿҲٰѧʤ߻ӷ֡
˵ֱ꣬ӾˣҲûԼ
ǳȻ˵ǾԺɽ
ʱĬһ£Ȼ˵ɽˣȻʶ
ȻԽ֮󣬾ͻָᷢ˵׽ͬΪ˻һֱпôóȻ⡯ûش⡣
ܾͱǸ˿̸Ͷȥһร񣬱ʾԼҲΪ
ֻܲ⣬˵Ǽӷʲô˼ѧԺ𣿡
ȻһϣܸϽս͵Ȼ֣ÿÿνɶı֣ÿµ׸пԣ߽
ڰ༶ǰǾͻԼȥ
ǰôûأ
˵ʵһֱУԺֱѧԺȽʴȡ
ôȷʵʴ˲١Ҳѧľѹˡ
ܼ˵һн磬ȫԾһ£


81 
ܺͳȻˡҪ,ָ˵ּӷ;
磬ڽϺúñ֣߾ĩдɼ졣
ͷ,ĬĬЩ
Һôǰñ۵ʱ򣬽Χ,ܿ󻷾ûӡ
ҪȻ,ܻٵÿ
,ѧá緹ȥѧ鼮
⣬һ,,ַᡣ
ַųѹ֮,֮ǰμӹǣɽԺ,Ϊ,ֻܴ
ȥʱ磬ѧһ˶û,˸ɾĲ,һ߲ѧϵĻҳ,һ߰䰴šм߼ȷֿ
СʱַᲽĴҴҵĸѾһݹæ,ô磿
̬ͬͣ˵ҲסԺ극Ҳûضȥ鼮ˡ
ַῴ˿鼮˵Ҵǰ뿴ȥܳ
ⲻҪĻˣûüڡ
ַʱһֱһߣֽʼ顣
ʱһ߽Ǽ̶ҵɣһ˿⡣
ҲûǣȥԼλϣ֮ǰɽ鼮
վԭظ鼮ࡣ
֮ǰɽ˵ˣ鼮ΪرſܳĹ±ȥ
ַῴǱãô
ѧ鼮Ҳ࣬һҲͿꡣ
磬ȰԼõһ鼮ڷϣǱַͣʣڽ⡣
üŸոΣͬ°ѹϵúܽ
Լǰһˣ˵ѧڳǣøϻؼˡ
£˰ᣬ´ǿڿʣвˮԼ
л
Ǳַ֮࣬һ˽;ȻȲ裡
ӶҪɺˡ
ΪĲַ֪Ժ˵Ҳ꣬˵λ͵
µǽԪһԭĻԿ϶УǾǽʿʸʥμӵԵģ
ǡ׼μӻ꣬͵ĸ׹ֻТꡣ
ТڸչһԻɽԴһӣԺ͡
ҲȥΣֻ֪Ҵ°һѧԴǡЩоÿվԺΪѧ鼮ע⣬вٹ±㶼⿴
ǣԪͳԺ͡
͸սԺʱµסǻԸպ÷æŰҵ飬ȻҲûô쵽Ժ
һϢ
ԭԺˣ֪Ҫһ͵¡
ȴһӶգʵķˣֱ˦ˡ
͡Ԫô˿
ַѧͣ˶ˡ
룬ֻҪԼֵһ㣬һͿУ㼸䣬˵ԼԺˣ
һĹַȥƺѣʵܻ⡣
ʵ˵ǰнͣⶼʤ֮λ
ַ᣺
û·ֻһˢڸС
ʱۿɫ磬ַһͽֱӾ͸ˡ
͵ʱҲڼ࿼֮ǿĴӡ
˴μһֱ꣬ɽķԸ£ӡá
ȫ֪ΪʲôλͶ˺ɫܿܵĻˡ
ڶգ극ȥʱַѾڲá鼮ˡ
ԭЩ鼮һҪգ˵Ļÿ˾ա
ַȫյûЦϵĶ˵նæջȥܳԼȤ鼮
νֲЦˣȥַ飬˵ʱ򣬲Ǽ򵥵Ĳһ飬ǰšм߼ȷģÿһڷڲͬϡ
ַոѾѼʮķھԼϡ
ϵĶһ٣֪ҲôΪҡַ࣬ô飬÷ֵ£
˵鷳ҿһ
Ͼַôˣð鱧·࣬Ӵ
ַɫ棬Ǹ۸Ĳ˵ˡ
ַȻʹ󣬵ֻ°һ㣬Ϊһֱҹѧϰ˶վǶ
ַôͣԸͱĥԲ࣬Ȩ׺˵аɣͰ˵ЩҶ
ϸĴһɫ˵ѣһƫũɣЧʵѧ飬ȥǰܳ
ѧûʽţټһֻˣϰ˲ֽʹá
ҲߣһֽͿʼҲԼ鼮ıꡣ
ǰ顷徭ʱ򣬾ϲһ߳һ˼
Ժ綼ѧڣԺеʱ䳭Ҳһ֣ԱдԼ⡣
ĿĲֽ֣Լ㡣
ɽͽʱַ֪ġվڽһֱڲ飬鱾ű࣬װѾҵصز۹۱ǱǹģֱɽվǰŻȻع
ɽַȻҾ
ɽڰ֣æԼġַܸĴֵĻᡣ
֮ǰ˵ġšȷ뷨һ˵˳󲹳һ䣬ѧ޶ۣȻˣȴòͬ׶εѧܿҵԼҪ鼮
ɽǸֺͰߣȻֻһ飬ַĻȻ͵ĵͷ
뷨
ַʣɽҪʲô飿
ɽ˵ţҡĺ㾭²ᡣ
ѲַᣬǰøհⱾ˳Ǻܿͳ
Цѧ磬ú÷ģǵš
ɽ΢΢һ㶣֮ǰ𣿡ĺ㾭㾭ʮ֮һϡᶼţΨ²ᱻֵ˳
ַɴ۾ôѵôֵܷţ
ɽҲûգЦŽͣųЩѾѧĹǡ˵ˣȷʵ鼮
ַԭɽǰԼԸ鼮
ȴû뵽ʯͷԼĽţɽһ۾Ϳǰǲģ³׼Ҳˡ
ʵַҲżֻǻĻǺۡ
û뵽ȻĲӣ
ַ᱾ֻǴһСѵȴûκֶοʩչҲֻ㬵ļ
ƫƫһֱɽֲһ䣺ɽĪҪķ⣬֮һ顣
ַ᣺ۡ
Զ˺ɽѹ˵ףȥУ㻹лҪ׼ο񣿡
˵ֻС۶ͬ¡ڶңҳ浱Ҳõġ
ɽ̲סˣʮֿá
Ϳڴ߳飬ͦ࿡ݣ˵һ㣬ûʮֵĵزܲҵۣÿ֮ı֡


82 
ҲͶΣ˼,ۿͷƫ,ȥˡ
һ,ߣϰʲô
ֻܰԼĶʹȥ,Լ⣬Щϸ󣬼㲽衣
Ϳһۺֱӷ²豭,˵Щ£Իؼ,ע⡣
ַῴһ綼ûȥ߶͵̲ס,ǰȥˢڸ,¶˳Цݡ
,ȥ,ȥʰɣ͸Ͳ㽲,һʲô
ʵ,Ͳǲ˴ɽ
ַΪѧ,ȴŻĸһλãεĻ̲סȥѵˡ
˴ΣַῴȻֻվһС͸ˣ뵱ȻΪԼһ˱Ÿ
ٿʱ,Ѿһ˿ͬ顣
ûעߣɫѾ磬ɵøǰݡ
ַҲȫǲݰڶʮ꿼ţ϶мʡ
ȴѸľͶȡ棬ͻѧǰϰѮȻһȺûиϰѧӱ
ҲΪɽ֪ҵˮƽĿƺѣʵֻҪͨһ㣬һƵ
ˣַųΪ֮һ
=
ȥĽڵʢСӸպ˯ѣǡ
ȴû뵽Ȼ˵
СС¹Ƶ۾ɴԭеСɤŵ°Ե첲Ҫ
Ľĸ˵ģСѾֱܷ˭۸ĽСӣûô찲
Сӱڻ§ĲڿָϽȥװ
ĽˣҲֻеڼҵʱСӲôɡ
ĽǰѾԹˣϽѰӱڻԷ
Сںŵʱ򣬵Էһ
ᶹĩ峴˿ʳ⣬ĽĻӱ˫ĸƶˢһ㣬ִıζƶžʳ󶯡
Ľ߶߶ĸ˵СһˣͿʼޡ
ǻһ£СӵĿϽȥСӣ֮СޱճˣֵĽİԺɹ̫Ű
˫ƢãӼСӿޣ޵˻СӣȻ
˵ģҺӿƯ
ĽЦŸ˫˵˫۾񰢽ˡ
˫ЦһûϸƹҷʲôأСӸԺҲиĺӡ
Ľ˵ΣдԼûСӾ֪۸ҡ
üзֻҸ
СӲԣԼʶͰ˵ԼֿЦţ¶Сɵıݡ
ʮһ´Сˣÿ³һá
ĽİСӱڻСϤζɵıӡ
ĽЦˣô§ң۸ңҲˡ
Լ̣ǵЦһֱûȥ
극СӻճԼȥϴ룬ֵǻСӾ˯ˣĽİ鷿СϣСһܺܿȥ塣
Ͼ鷿ԺСһ˯ԺҲġ
ʱ䣬ĽҲԳЧдС͵ĵԽԽƯˡ
Ļ̌ǵСЦ⣬ڴϻẦ⣬ʱɬһ㶼ֱ˵㰢һ֣ҲŻŬдá
ľѣȻշתǣ̵ġ
˵Сģһǳǳġ
ǳСĸоԼ޻һƮƮģƫƫĶԼʶûйԼҲŬӭϡ
Ϊľõ㣬ûסҪһ顣
գĽûԼ˱ӵ緹ȥԺ顣
ʱûڣûȥע⣬鼮ַڳ顣
ٺһգֻƷֹȷ˭뵽һַѹͲɻ
ַڶɻΪһ;ȻĿɫȲ衣
ҲͶ˵仰ùϵ
ȷʵˣȴڸĹƺ
붼һᡣ
æЩ󣬾͵ÿµڶѮա
ܺͳȻȥͣҲ淿
һȥ˲ٹߣһŹǣĽѼʰɾӭӿ˵ĵ
궫ĽðȻȥϴвˣĽĴ֡
մԽǶûԶҳ˵ĽҲϰ
ʱӭӽ˵ܣԺתתȥѲϴꡣ
һ˲䣬ܻԼĶˡ
ܿ죬ͿԺϴˣ𾪵˵Ͱͣ衢磿
̧ͷܲǳȻ͵ʱûˣڳϴֻԼˡ
ûԼʲô۰ҷɲϴˡΪŮ˻߸ΣֻһңŽķֹ
ǸȫȫʮָմˮСүҲµ
ͺҲû˵ʲôȥǰˡ
ߺܿϴˣҲû̫ãʹȥ鷿ˡ
ѴǰԼֽŲüĽôһ߷Լдķ棬鱾ģ
һ㷭湲īעͣ嶼һ˵ģһ۾ܿѧϰͬʱڶ䲻ͬ⡣
īµһ棬Ժݡ
һʱԣû뵽ڿκ¹ʶ֪¡
˵磬ЩһȥһΣЩû
Цкβɣȥ˾ǡ
ֹһȻҲˣһž˵Լ˯ˣʹҴ
ѷˣһһ
ûȥ㶼вѡ
ȻͷЦЦǸܻӦˣתͷȴ˵ϱæһϣһԷ¡
˵Ҳд⡣
ܶԴҲֲ֣ϿϴˣѾܵȻ֮ˡ
οһɫȫ˵ˣҲʶһ¡
Ľû󷽵࣬žµݣ˶øС
Сͱ˿ƯԼԴҲʮͬСС;ʮְ
Χ˶ûԼÿһʱЩƮƮȻ
ԴʶܸǾ仰һ䡮硯ڿķɺԾز䡮Ҳķɡ
ǣ˱㿪ʼꡣ
Էʱܶ໰ĳȻȻһֶ˵ֻͷԡ
󣬳ȻЦǰϣһֱܸҳȥԷΪҽύ
ȥһˣҾԵˡ
ˬʵЦˣȷʵóԣ
Щ佱Ҿӳˡ
ȥСӣȻ˵ԼҪӣһðҵİӹջؼҡ
ܿҲĽСʮһˣʮƯüĵɰ룬˱žͲ֡
ܺͬ˳Ȼ˵˵Ҳڸ˵ˣԺԸкҲȢӡ
˶٣ĳȻļ򣬡СԺҼҵġ
Ȼ



83 
պܿȥֳһߡ
ѧ鼮,һ͵
Ǿǰе鼮Ǽڲ,ѧʽʱ,ҲѧĵǼǡ
˵ǼڲȽ,Ժÿ˲һӵѣѮȫá
Լһ·ֹò׼Ĺҡ
⻹͵һ˺ɫĸַ˵ʮּ,ɻľͷЩʵҲȶȡ
м͸߼ѧĵǼǱĿ,ַĿʣµġ
и߼,ȴƫ,òϺһһĿ롣
һ½,Ҫղȫ,⻹һ̶ͣЪ¡
ʴˣһֱû,ϸԼĹ
Ǵ󲿷ʱ䶼ڸѧע,Ͼ˼ߡ
ַ˿Լǰ,˵Ϊ϶Լƽϡ
Ŀһˣߵǰһ˿İ͵Ҫ
ܾȣ㻹治֪ͨôһֱĿȥ
ȫΪʲôַԼ˵ϱӵ׻˶ʮ,ܺá
˵񡣡
ַĩͻпˣ˶ϰֻЩ£Ӽװȥô죿
֮ǰܣַ֪ţ˫ס
ϵĻе㸴ӣܷü͹ģҲȥ
ַ˱Ÿ˵ʲôѾٴֻ˦˦ӡ
ǰһ䣺֪ô
ͻȻͣ±ʣվĿкŭ⡣
ַһͻȻȭͷԼ򲻹ʮ˫ף⣬ܿСԪ
ԽҲţԼһȼ
ʵҲΪʮ꣬ԺԳ˳ɼַԽоֻʧ
ַӲ㡢ôҸҺ㣬Һĵ¿ηΣ
ӦңڲЩĿѧôڿţ
ַ᣺ѵĩԺĿ˾ͲҪ𣿡
˵ѡ̣Ȼ͵õӦΣֻؿˣǻ粻Ҫ̡
У֪ôһֱң㡣
ַ˵һٿǺӣһֱС˵
ҪȻҪǱ̵ְλ϶ˡ
ַ˵аɣ㲻飬ԺҲø˵Щ
¼ĿǼǣ˿ոյŭ
ãԼ֮ǰֵ̫º˳ӣ˵ˡ
Ȼַᶼ˵Լ֪ôˣġ֪ôһ£ַԼĴɵԺǡ
ȻַҲѧˣÿֶظ鼮ĿǼǡҲȥϰε顣
֮һΣǵĽʮ⣬ִһӸÿ˶ದһ»ס
޴ĵ죬»׺һӣؼҵ;¶֣ЩСȥ
ˡ
׷£ݺְѹǵݸ꣬þûˡ
ĽĽӹ˵֮ǰĲųûãΪʲô»ף
Լæ齲һ飬˵ÿճô¼ˡ
ĽŭǸźòҪʱɣʱ򣬻Ầð
ʱһֻҪһ˵ӣô˵öһܺ
͸ƾٵʱ˻һġ
ǵһ ƵĳСӣЦҲû⣬Ż֮Ͱˡ
ַỹǺϧԼְλϾҲܷΪɵ塣
ĽżǵĴ׾İοˡ
Ĵ뿪ͼǡ
Сɼֱ̫ϲˡ
СգŹĴ۾˭ûдԼ̲ס
ؾڣҲ˲ˡ
ĽֱǳɫĴȾ̺죬ˮ
ϽȥСӣ˵ˡ
ֱӷϣûС
СȫӣһĽϣ֮󻹸ҲҪ
ǲ׼װ
ĬˣĽһĻĿˡ
һ£˵շҹ͸չСӡ
Ժʲô飬ȫıˡ
ĽĵһʱȻҲûžܾԼҷ۶˳ӡ
˵ٹһˣѾú˷䣬һ˯ˡ
ĽĿɫͻȻʶСҪִ˯ˡ
գĽĸ˫Ǯȥϵʱæ޻ϸһ鲼
СӷСӺС·޲̫˫֮ǰ˵˰鲼ϸҲĥˣλˡ
Ľĵʱ˫·ӣȻû޲ʵȷʵϸ˵Сӡ
˫󣬸ĽȥСӵķ䡣
ݵҲ࣬䲻󣬵ȴõĺܾģӴȥǽĻ
Ľĸ˫ָָǽǰĿյأ˵˵ﰲһǧԺСˣ
˫ЦܲĽʵһ㰡ҴСûǧء
Ľǵĵ˵˫üģһ˵ġ
Ľľû飬Ǹ˫һߡ
ĽĸС˫·һ˴ģĽΪҲûʡ
磬󣬹Ȼԭֵֻ˶ʮ죬ֻж
Ľ㣬˵ﶫõĲˣӣʣİġ
˵ľãһѾ߻ź򣬻ǹӶ
ӶҵѾߣһٵøİġ
ӾͿ򵽡
Ľ˵пغʵģҲ
룬ޣ㿴㿴ĸǾĸ
˻ǾѾ߻
룬źǱҪģĽܲΪչ˺ӣһֱ̤š
ֲ񾩳ǸŴɭϣԪںʫȣŮ͸ǰͷ¶档
˵ˣҲûôࡣ
ݺϷԺרŸŮӺ͸ṩǰдӰۿڵ˵ߡ
Ľϲμǡ˵£ֻϧǰٽӴЩ
Ǹʮ߰ĺӣ˵´޴ȥ顣
գԺĽɺͽǸĴѧ
ѧһܳȥ̤棬һһȵĿڽ󲿷˶һ¡
˳Ȼ̤飬ȥУмΪ˵Լ
˼һ̬Ⱥܺã˵ҪŮǸѾߣ
ɡ
ӴȥԺվʮĸͷ϶ŵݡ
ǿɻŮ졢ϴ¡չ˺ӡ
ϴ˶ڵͷЩģʮֶվǶһ˼ҵ檡
˼ͷĳУ˵Ҵȥ÷ѡʵĻ¡
˵ãǼҵĺ࣬͹ٿԶƯġǸˡ
ûӻֻ˸ص˿Щȥ
ȥĽķֱͣ˼ᣬһ£˸ʮĸ
ӣʣµ˴ȥˡ
Ľļܹԣɾľ·ȥϴ衣
գ˫֪ϢЦһԴ˿⣬˸ʮĸҾͷˡ
Ľһã
˫˵㲻ЩʮģѵΪ𣿡
ŰġǾµԶҲ֪ƯòŵԾͰˡ
˫õ֪öɵھӱʲôڴ
˫⻰Ҳ㵽Ľģ˵Ȼû˵ԼԺ󲻻Ȣ˵Ҳܸܵ
ʮ棺ġ
Щʱ򣬲Ҫɽˣ˵Ҳһġ
˫ЦЦû˵ȴĽϿԼӰӣִŵġΪǸ˻š


84 
ĽĸĸȡС衣
Сʱ϶ŻҡĽûɻ,ϴ,˹,ʰȥϢ
ʱһߺȲ,,˵Ǽҹز,һء
ʵĽ˵޷Ǿǲ͵ܴү֮ĹأԼƣȴŬװӡ
˵,õСĻӦҲûɻϢ,ٸ㽲ʲô
ǣ򡣡
Ľ˵,ŷһֱǺЦԼ߽Сʣ,ǲ̫ˣ
,˵,ѵЧ
ǼƢȽͣҲū١
СĻȻҲúչС衣ʲô۶Ǿ͵úúýѵһ
С͵С,ûôƵ˼
ټĽĵԺ󲻸ױҡ
³һκ׼̧ȥԷȴû뵽ԺѧҴϡ
סܣ˵ʲô
ܵŰ磬µĿĺǽϡҶȥء
ԭΪԼһȥû뵽ŲһתߵķȻԺĹ
˵ҲȻҶȥˣӦ򵽽л
л̫óԣȥһŶӶ򲻵
ܳĬһ£Ȼ˵ĺе
˵磬Ұ㿴Σȥҵһݽлɺã
Цɽ
Ϊ˼ʣųȻһ˺ܶիѾţ̿ˮĵز
˵Ҫȥȵ˳ԣȥ
Ȼ֪һ㣬˵ҡҲˡ
Ĭһ£û˵ȥ׼лˡ
ȻûнлԣܸһֻȣοԼպÿڱ൹ġ
ܣǣ㲻õ࣬ʲô
ȻдʣһŰ
˵ţһ⣬λһԵĿ˵һҵϲ
ͬʱȻҲԼ򵽵±ָܣһٷʢȫ硣
ȥѧʱַῴǲ˼顣
ַ˺ûмһϴôɢģִյǰ˵ְûѪ˿۵Ҳûڣûôҹο㣿
Ҳַ֪û۶Ļ治֪ôÿζ˺󣬼滹ȻĴк
Ҳû˵ÿϻؼҺϰΣȵĩʱš
ַĬһ£¿ˮðһˣ޶Уϻȥʱ飿
˵ڽǻûʱͲõϰˡ
ַĬˣѾʼˣһ棬
ַͻȻʶԼĲ࣬ǳ䣬Ƕѧʵ̬ȡ
Ϊ棬ͲŻῴֹһθ⡣
дַһܼ򵥵⣬ǵ򵥵ַԼ֪𰸡
ַԭΪͻԴ˲мһˣ˵ô򵥵㶼ᣬôʤѧ̣
ǵԽ֮ǰѧ֪ʶܵõȷĽ
ҲûձƵĸ˵Լ˼·Ӷһ˼ά
˵Ĺ˼άô׸ı䣿
Լעһûʱȫڸһ⡯ϡ
۵ַѾ˵ʲôˡ
ܸоǰһֵļӴѶȡ
ַڳ״˸һͷڷǵʱ򣬾ûĶˡ
磬ַ߳ѧ
׷Ǹ͵ܣ֮ǰĲԣϣܲǰӡ
ĵǸԤ֮ڣΪһַᶼƵƵԼߣֹ
ʱͲµҪԼ˵ʲôȻ͵ȵˡ
á
ǰһ£ܲܳΪһ¡
=
ֵһǣַļ£˺ÿյ񶼻ᰴʱɣҲȥǰˢڸС
̤ʵѧʣҲԭѾݵġ̡Ҳˡ
գ۾͵գСӵա
Ȼ׼ȥСӡ
С˵պޣҾˡ
һ˵ʱС
Цǧ׼أСһܿģ
ȥʱ򣬷СӶһ
λεһֻСͣ洹ο飬һͭ΢һܷ
ĽĸϽ˵Ǵ峤˴Сӵ񡣡
ͳһųʸﻹд峤š
Ͻˣ֪ͳϰףǾĸܸͳ͵ӦǼ˻ߺӵĸɵ
ǰҰûгˡ
û뵽峤Ȼ
չżѡԺѧϰࣿƣ
ӽǰ꣬һѳһƽ˳졣
ϺΪӵ̣ڡ
峤дҳֽᵽ˵֣˵С͵ġ
Դ˴ΪжżþòԸ¡
ʣǰŵ˿˵ʲôʱȥ
ĽĴ𣺡˵ˣպ峿ȥ˵ջʲôţԸ
˵žͲˣȥдš
֮ǰնӵʱ򣬸峤ĹһŻȥûյţҲ¡
˭ϵȻյ˸С͵ĳ
´ȥ鷿дҳĻţۺú˵Сȥֽװú˴ȥ
ĽĵͷӦ£ջû㣬һ԰ɡ
СæտӣֿһԷ
СϾСĽҲûػˣɨһԺӡ
£ĽĲϲ֮֡
С˵ʱ򣬶˫Աָôˡ
۸ģĹүСŪ٣ǲ̽ġ
СϽ£ǸɵĺӣҲ֪ʺ񣬸ǾľԸÿһ¡
극Ľĸ˫͸Сӵ
һаƽ׹˵ͼһֻ͵ޡ
ʯĲʵǳأҲģ͸ھǡô
Ľ˵簢û˫˫ǴＹܺóԡԡ
ЦŴӦ
Ѿԣټ˶Ҳ⣬ֻԼˡ
֮ܡȻ˫һ˾ۣ˫ȻǸֹȴˬˣ·硣
˽¸˵Ĳһˣ
ĽˮС仰
ܸϽǸǸҡǹ˵˲á
ĽĵʱЦҡͷڴԼ˵ȥ
üųɫ˵ͬ˵ȷʵû˫˫ʵڱ仯ܴҸоʲô
˶٣Ľ˵Щ


85 
ǵһμԼСǳ
ڴ,˱ڻ,СһĴӺ˳,Ȼһһ
Ľİͷľ,ƵģҸо˫˫ڿģ˵ľٶ
͵һ,ͻȻ뵽һ,Ǿ˫᲻ȥǸδδ
Ľʵǳϻִۣϻ۱ֻҪŬȥһ£Ǿܲһ,һһѼ䡣
˵ˣ˫˫ۼСĵڶ죬ͻȻıԼΪֹģ
졢׸˫˫˵ʲô
,˵ȫŰ
ѵ̼˫
ĽĵҲûףô,˯˹ȥ
ֹһ£˫ԽԽŵľٶѾĽĵĹעˡ
˫ĸĸҲԴûа취Ͼû,Ҳ˫,Ϊࡣ
˫˵ҵɵ,㻹ΪҪҳ߰
ʵӺСģСʱ򿴵·ѹ첲ˣҶŵһֱޡ˺üجΡ
һ˳ȥҪʲôˣһðԼŵ
Ľһôˡ
˫ģ,ЦˣİңҲʲôĸֵ
밡ҲʶûãŵĹҪ֤һȢǲһһ⡣
ҴŶõĻӣʵ֤Լĵı΢
Ľ˵˫˫Ҳ綼˵ȻҵʱˣҵȰҲûκγľٶ
ǲһֱͦõô¾Ͳ˵ˡ
˫ȴ˵ģ㲻֪ģиҲ˵һһֻҪһˣ޸ܾˡ
Ľû˵⻹˫ʶһ˵ȥ
ȻѾ֪Ƕ飬׸˫Լ˵
˶˵ˣҲţңжѾǵˡ
ʱ滨ף˾룬ǸĶˣһ᲻ûôѹ
Ϊ뷨˫ƵƵȥ֤ЩԸȢˣǲĶǸһһ⡣
ӱѰĵο塣
˫ЦﶼǿɬǸ˽ˣģôãȴֻԼԼƲԼ
󼸸֣Ǵĳһ
Ľ£Сɤӡ
ֻ̫ѹˣԺôѹʱ˵˵Ȼܸʲô飬ҿ
˫˫ֻҪԸ˵Ҷ
˫ģʶ㣬ⱲΨ˵顣
ĽΪ˫˵̹࣬ȴûϵڶ˫ʧˡ
˫ĸ״æģ˫˫Ǻû緹緹ûԡ
Ľļæҡͷûû
ĽСŰæȥңźСӡ
֮ǰ˫ԼˣϴˮȴΪµ̫·ˡζȴɢ
Ľʲôȥˡ
˫˵ȥߣʲôûƣⲻû𣬱ġ
Ľ˵ͷϻմˮҶӡߣΰɡ
˫˿Աľȣ˵ľǴҺ㣬ʰһ£ҪȻҵ￴⸱ģҪιȥ
Ľûֻʰ
˫͵ûˮڰ߲СĽŻһ¡
ĽģôΣգ
˫첻ļ˵˵ġ
˫߸ûãҲԺˣµ̫¸ߣһ
СûڣԺŰӣĽİˮļ½
˺üҲȥ·
Ľע⵽ر񣬵ѹһհ׵ֽʣҪдô𣿡
˵ϢȥԺǽպһֱҰˡ
Ľʵ̫⣬СгɹӦҪ󣬿ʼѧԼд
ټϼСæĽÿյĿʱҲˡ
ĽÿдҵռǣĬöд
ĽѾһдֵˡȻǴ׻ûʲôĴȴؽƽѺϣϿڡ
Դ޲ڣдĶ
мһδ״ĥĴ档
ҲΪռõһ˳¼һ͸ԴС
ͻȻ飺ģûȤдӣ
Ľ۾Բӣ
˵еĻӣ֮ǰȥ˵ľǽȽϺĻӡ
Ľİ֣дôá
˵ддôһ£벻дһ¡
ʵܿĽĶˣÿѮĽȥ˵飬Ӳݻ·ϣĽĻѧ˵ԼµƬν
˺ĽдռҲ˵ķǾƽһҪ˳ڡ
ĽĵС˼Ȼǡԡ
Ǹ߹ĽģСĹҲôʲôţ֯Ů϶¡ݹ
㾭һעĽҲԼд˶ĳɹ
һЩ΢ΪĽֻǰѡţ֯Ů֯Ůĳ˸
ƫƫ⺢ӻŴ۾߳΢΢̡
һġҡ
һ ԲԣرϵĿޣдá
ĽЦˣȥһ桮϶¡ĸ汾
ס˵ģһдһ˳Ƶġ
Ľڵһ˳ݣԼûҺˣϢ
һ˳ƣĽ룬˵дһ˳Ƶݸ
סԼĽ⡣
ǸԺддԼСƬεķʽ¼
ĽĲ̫ף
˵дռȴȫˮˣǰĳһûϲĵ鵥д
Ľ˵ֻдһ飿
ͷһСƬδңֻдһ顣
ĽĴ˼һ۾
û뵽ô˼·վ󣬿Ŵʼ⵮һɰС
³磬΢硭
Ľдȥǻǻסڴ³Ѿҽˣÿȥͺӡ
ĽдȻԼһ˳ƣдԼ̧ͷɫֹһڴ⴫ߵ
ǰдʧ䣬λȥСι׺
ȴһ̧ۣͿƿݵţŸǡ
һСƬεȻֹƽȴ͸С˺ȥ
ޣдĺá
ĽģҲд˳ˡ
ϾǶԼֱӾܰʵд
˵ԺԶддϻֺʹǡ
ȻԼɲᣬſȥͶ塣
ĽĲ֪Ĵ㣬С㻹Ҫ
ǶС˼Щ˼ġϲġС˿꣬Ầߡ
˵ҿô
ĽĸϽҡͷֻǺ߶ѡ
ЦģҿʱдģԺҿˣȥ
ĽıԼϲ
ʵܿģϲ


86 
ʱ,ҲѾϰԺĽѧ,ÿΣȥѧע⡣
ΪӻôͰĹȥ,ֱμԺԡ
֪˰æгʱѧ,עӦ鼮̫ˡ
ʵѾλͼӰӵдġ
֪ô˵ֻϴţ˺һڷܡ
֪Ҳ֪ԼļԺȻڶ࣬Ҳÿ˶ѧȤ
ѧӦ,ЩԸǱд˵֮ˡ
֪ڰýǼעˣַỹѧϰ׶Σעֻ֣ûʸʸ֪ע
ڳ˶֪,ڸӦѧע⣬ʵԼ׶Ρ
ܶ㾭Ͳ,ʤ֪˲õ
֪ɽԱ,ע鼮µķһ£вԵĵطɽ
һעƽƽ,ֱ֪ü,ɽ˵ע⣿ⲻǰԭĻ˸˵
һֿڣˡһĿȻЧ
ɽ˵Ҫ̫ˣ˸˵Ҳǻ˸˼·ȥⰡ,Ѿ֮ǰ˵ˡ
֪Լɽ룬Ͼô꣬ѾٽӴֿڵĴѧԡ
참մ򽻵ð׻
֪Ŀе㾭ע⣬ʵҪð׻ע⡣
ȻĿеġ׻Ҳ秡֪ԴҲû취
Ȼ˵׻˲٣ʸ㾭עģֻˣ֪ҲֻǨǡ
֪µһڶûְۣⱾˡ
ܹ鶼Ҳʤޡ
Ҳûʲô¼ȥˣ֪רڳԺû뵽ȴɨ˶飬ɫѾ
͵ϯλɽýͻȻվߵɽ֪ǰһҾ
˿Ȿֻһע⡣
˵ֻһע⣬ֽװɲѾԭҪһˡ
֪ǵñʡ޵Ԫһӣźӹ顣
ֳͬԭԲע⣬ⱾעԭǷֿġ
˵עԵ飬ֻעⲻԭӰЧ
֪Ѿˣ֮Ⱦе죬񲻾ǰż
̲סֽкá
ԶôͨףֻҪʶֵˣܴŶ˼ȫҪЩֿڵĴǣ
ȫȫ֪ҪЧ
֪ԭѾɫ𽥹Ц⣬޵治Ԫעĺá
Ȼƪ࣬ȫԷӡˢԺͶűǹϽĸ¼ׯ
ͼ֪˶Դ޲ڣһҾ
ûü˵֪˵Ȼٲʷѣѣв㣬ʷΪĳɡ
һ𾪣ո˵Ĳ
Ǹʮֱˣۿ֪ὥֱӹ£˵ˣעⲢ

ʹ𣺡Ϊʿ˫ס
֪ǰԷͣߺֱЦ
ҵ˭ԭǲдĶõ
ǰ˵ѹԶҲ١
ֻβɨͻȻ£һЩ𾪡
ǿɲΪͷ¶ˣҲ׼֪˵飬
ûã֪˾Է֣ͣ
˿жൡϽʣվߵ֪ǰй
ֻͯݣȻùֻԺԺţȥ
֪Ǳܺע⣬һ
Իشˣһ ڶ⣬вͺŵ
֪ҲԷʣע⣬еõָ㣿
ҡͷޣֻũңƽʱ׽ð׻־Ȿũɣ㾭ׯҺũעļ׶Щ
ׯҺʶ֣峤ʶְЩѧʵѡ
֪Ļ⣬Ҫȥע⡣
ٶɽʼδ
ȵ֪ߺѧ˿񶼲ˣͰдǱעشģҲķ
˵һֱ֪̺棬Ǽһڸһ鼮ũɣ㾭ע⣬һжˡޱĸ֡
˭뵽ĬĬİעˡ顣
һҴһҪⱾúе⡣
ֻܸɽˣȥ˲ݡ
ʮͷǰԵʱ򣬾֪֪Ϊյ㰸ףֱӴһ׵Ŀ١
ʱ룬Ҳֵֵ֪֪˷ġ
Ͼ⻹ͯԣλѧҪ뵱٣滹Ժԡԡԡԣһοıһѡ
Ῠ١
ǸԵİףҲܿнʿ
˴μȷʵǰһѧȫ䣬ȫǳ̤ʵء
֪˶Ҳύ
Ǳ׿ҲػҴˣҳ겻٣ֱӽ־ͳɡ
Ȼסᣬ֦
֣ԽҰ
УҾͲˡʱ磬ǳ˵㼸⡣
־ʡ
Ȿũɣ㾭㻹жÿԱꣿ
ԣ˺ҪһһУԣ¡
һˮٴ衣
˵֪˵ˣⱾũɣ㾭ļ򻯰棬ӡˢڱͶţһ´飬ÿٹһס
Ĭˣνǿǿ
˵ľĳɡ
ֱӲеĲ豭۵Ĳš
⻹һϿˡء֮ɫ
ǰ֪ʻҲ֪֮ԷҲ˿̿֡
ǮĻȻ˾ȡ
ˣ˵һ൭ֱ֪ӿڸ˵ֳɵ顣
ҲǾһٴλָ˵ȻݣֻЦ⣬˭ܿĿġ
ָ˵˰ѮͶӡˢ顣
ӡˢ㲻õģʮһǰȥֵƹģȻܰһаá
Ȼһһ¡
˷ֿȥʣؼҵĽŲЩϲСɷ
ǰ˵ҪдƬγɻӣдˣҲ·ӡˢš
ӡˢŲȫͳһÿԼܣҲ򵽡
֪յġũɣ㾭שԺ϶˳첻١
ĽĽռ磬ӹŽ鷿һԺߡ
ѧǰˣ
ЦŰѽշ˵
֪עũɣչⱾ򻯰ũɣ㾭ײϲϣʵ
Ľ˵֮ǰ˵ҲʵһְҾΪŬнյջ񡣡
С˵ͷͷǵ̲סϡ
ȻĿΪŬҽһŬ
ĽѾǸ˼ĵˡ
βƮһƯĵɫСӦš
лҪ˵ֱܲ͸вƱĸоһ


87 
õСɵ׿,,ȻŬ
ŬĽǵڶĽû
˫ʱĽĲŸϴ,׼Է
Ȼ˫û,֪ʶḻĽС¶ȻЦݡ
ĽĳĬһ£ǿû࣬ɹһ룬ȥɣҪ
ʱ˺,ԺůڵģĽСѰӱ
Լڴ飬Ҳ֪˫Ķô飬˽ӽ,ûꡣ
ҺĽҲЩܸȤ,͵ǲˡ,˫Ҳ͡
ʱĽ˵˫˫粻,ҵȥдӡ
˫۵Ĳ,ӣд
ĽǫҲĻӣǷдһЩճƬ,˹Լʵ
˵ԺͶлӡˢ
˫ûӴЩԴ˱ʾȤĽĺЩŰݡ
ĽĶԴҲ˽Ĳࡣ
һЩ确ӡˢٲᡯôӡˢ⣬ĽĵĻشǡҲ
˫Σҷ̫ˡ
仰ȷʵ˵ûĽĺܴɶȣȴǡôİġпذȫܿĽ֪
СӪһ˴ŵıǡ
Ҳ˵ĽֻдͶӡˢЩ飬Լˡ·
Ľȥ鷿дЩĶС˲䣬˫һֲʶ֣˻ͳȥСˡ
СЦвޣһҲ֮ǰźһֱۻţҪȥǽժ
ժ͵СԱһֱţСץסɶɶ
ߣ֪˵̧ѧ˵ˮ
۸ڶĽǼҲͣ½Ųкȥ¡
ַᣬԼ͸ǸҪȻ浽ʱ¾Ҳʲˡ
ַҲסĺڣҪȲˣЩС˵˵ĹϵҲ䵭
ԭ͸ϵãֱ˵ʱ䣬УⱾע⣬ֻܼдˡ
ԴʮָмΪߣԼУԼд飬ԭͻ˾
ͰæȻٺò
һЧʾͺܸˡ
µβͻûũɣ㾭Ѿıɡ
ĩϢʱ䣬ȥ
ΪǵĹٷģܴ϶ռ棬ж㡣
Ҳܶ࣬ǰ󣬿ƾ顢ʫӸϷġӣСУ
ЩԼȻû顣
ûƹ񣬶ЩʫӸ鼮ŮֱԼıĶǻ
֮ȥ˻ӣӽҲŮдϿĽǶȽҲнԺŮһ̨Ϸġ
СǶ˵Ĵ磬ȴȥƾ鼮￴ֱӸͻӣĸһѧıǩ
竵ǮҲ׬
СߵߣЦ˵͹٣õ⻰дģġԺ¡ϵǸǶܻӭ
ȴⱾŻȥˣѾЩ鼮Ůӽʵд
ⱾԺ¡˹Ȼ¼䴦ĿǺֶΣһ۾Ա
˺Ů˼ĽǶȻֻҪ֣ⷽǺֳ
ҲվСʱСĻЦȷʵȤ
ȥ˸ССÿܳһΣһҲͱҳֽ
ǲͬͶ壬ܷȤ¡
һҳȫհף֪ǿΪȱϢ
Լ˽ݣС˵ƹڣ
Сȣ
Ĭһ£ܲԼȻ֪ȡ
С˵µĸС֣ҼǵõģǸ԰ף

СҲ֪Լ̫ˣͷ˼ԼǿԣֵģԿЩܿеģǵҲܼס
ǰ긮Եİ׽кܣǰĽС
˵һоԼˣϽ䣺ոҪƹ¥ȥС
ܺõͦ󣬵ͷˡ
ƹһֱӰ뵽˶¥ͳ飬Уơ
ƣ͵֡
ƹҪӵ飬˵һۼģ˵ҪȫͶţٵǧףǧᡣ
ӡˢýϹԭ٣͹˳顣һǧϣǾӡˢΪˡ
ŰӡˢôʦۣѮнͯסַ˼۸С㡣
дԼĵַ˵ҶԺˣҲڣСţһᾡ
á
ߺƹûСæԼѡũɣ㾭
֪˵ķԸԼȽס
Сƹ¥Цʣүǰ
㵱ƭ㲻ɣ
Сæҡͷûûûⲻǵͬͬô
ֵײģǻɣô
С˵Ҳǻɣǰ˵̬Ⱥܺã˵ͷҾͺܳˡ
ƹĿԶߵıӰСĻ谸׸Ҽ˶һʺ̬ȣҵüһӡ
ȫ֪ΪСĻԼƹǰˢһøжȡ
֮ƹ˵СͶ壬ƹֱӾͬˣһڴӦٶ𾪣׼õ˵ǺӶû͵óȥǺˡ
=
·ϣĬĬĿʼǮ
һᣬһӡˢһǧףǧᣬǾǾŰӣ
ȥŰӡˢֽŵķãҲӯ߰ԼֵĳɣǾǽӽӡ
һ׸ۡŲʮӣ
Ȼ˿ҲЩκ
Ǯûϣȵ˺ܸɺͺЩö
ûôߵʷѡΪӡˢ鼮ǹټҵģǶһͶ嶼ֱϡ
˼ǵһʸǮ֮󲻹׬˻ˣûһ˿ϵ
ֻʮߣС˵ʸֳɵҪ
֪Ȼʮչ˵ܿǱʣֱ˵ĸֳɡ
ҲкܴϵԺǣȻû˰Ҫ㾭ע⡣
ȻȻҪ󲻷Ͼıٶ̫ˣ²дһע⡣
ֱ뷽ʽȴũɣ㾭ݳֳ
Ҳ֪˵Ļֱӿڸֳɡ
ʵ̬Ⱥȱһɡ
ܿ͵˰³ʮСʱСԺժ
ûСӳԣṆ̀ժ˺ÿĻǲǸ͸
ĽڸСӷ£͵Сӣ¾һ÷һ㣬ܶഩһꡣ
ûС˵ĻȻյСźһֱ۵ݹĻ̧ͷǷЦģ
Сӣǣ
ĽĿķŹ⣬ݣڴϣ֪˵ֱۺǶô
ӹСС¹һգգ߽ǼС
ĽЦŰѻСӡ
СȻͰͣȴûнӣЦ͸Ļ


88 
СѾѾһ,˵Щ򵥵Ļ,ܴ˻еĺ塣
˿̣ԼϲĻ͸Ȼ᲻,ĻǶµ˵ǣ
Ľжûü˵ʲôС˵ˣǣ䣨֣
仰С˵ģ,ġ
Ľ۾ɵùԲ,ҫ,ޱ͸,Щ𾪣էֵϲ

ûˣͰԺ
Ҫ֪³ʮԼա
ı,СʰЩȻСĽĻ
Сӵף͵ˣЩժģҲ⡣
ڵȥһˣԡ
ǰ˵ԡܿ˾Щײࡣ
ƾĺ,ĽǲԾغͣоԼС˲ꡣ
Ľľ˫ǰǾ仰˵һ㶼ûҷó㰡
ΪǱǸˣԲڷǰֵúСԱġ
֪ĽĵΪԪԱʱҪд漮ĸϢŵ֪ԭڰ¡
էĵһ꣬СĴʱ䡣
ԣҲļƻҪúõİһ硣
С˵ղ緹о۸¥һע⿪žˡ
˵ЩҲûѶٹߵԺʱСһ軹ûꡣ
˵ˣûˡ
СæͯɱɷˣѵĹСĵȵ𡣡
˳źû߶ã͵ƹѾڶ¥Ⱥˡ
СֱӴ¥ȻԼص¡
ƹļϵȻɾɫѾ£ǰСд԰׵ʱᵽļƹĶԴЩӡ
˿ӡ֪ˡС࿴޲ڡ
˵Ǹֵˡ
ͯˣϺõնˣЩƷ
ɫ˿ִ٣ЦлƹʢͲˡ
ȻԲûʲôоǰҲȥ˲ʫᣬƷĶš
˶һһ㳶⡣
¥ʱ򣬸оԼƶˣָ̽̽ƱŸоʮ̤ʵ
ƹĹԸһƱ
˵⡶ũɣ㾭ΪԺ飬ǻۡ
ɾΪԺĳںˡ
ȻӦ˷żĵڶ棬տʼ̸һһͯƹ񡯣Ѿʼֵܣһ
֪ʵΪ档
ȥƱԼСɡ
ĽĿƱ̧ͷ΢΢ſ˵񣿡
Ľʱ͵Ķ·鼮
ˣͰļױ͸Ľġ˼ʵǽ¡
ĽĵİǸ̺ܸߵˣ֪ԼɵӴС󱻱̫ˡ
ʲôֲĽģԺĸȻҲûڹ
͵ĽȻ֪һլЩֶΣȴΪЩӴ
Ľĵİ룬ȵ˰ЩǮģЩ˱Ȼ˵㰢ġ
ĻԼҰ˸жİ
ԣǿŵ죬˰һЩòϵ֣Ʊ͸ġ
ֱڣĽΪáƱһƽ顣
˵ôôڴ͵񣿡
Ľʮֳʵĵͷ˵ȰƱ
ȻǣĽĵֱ֣ȥ鷿
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ĽĽҲʮˡ
ĽվڰǰԼ˵ʱ΢΢ͷϢȫľࡣ
Сɶ𽥷۵ɫ˵ЩǸĵ񣬲ơ
ĽȻһֱ鷿Ķȴҷ
֮ǰҲʹЩᶼʲôΪʲôҵʱҪרװ
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˿̣Ľĵֱ֪Լ󣬿϶
ҲȫԼ顣
һ᲻һ绺ſʱȿľһֻġβ͡
󼦵ԴҲֻԺеıĽһ۾ϳԼļ
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ȫչʱĽĿԼһӣֻĽõֻһ
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ĽĸϽԴ˵Һ찢硭ֱҴ˼ǹˡ
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ʱⲢδκβɣĺۼȻЦ˿ġ
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֮ǰ˵ҪΪһֱ֮󰢽ûҲΪ˲ŰѧҵҲһֱֳĬ
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ֱϣŰ鷿г
С˼һ£Ҳ֮ǰҪʲ١
ĽҾףԸԶôġ
˶٣ССⳤүԸġ
Ľһ㶣ԴС裬³ʱѾ١
ȻԼ볤棬Ľǿŵĳ嶯˷ߡ
극ĽĹȻͿһ졣
ƻʱʮ˾ڻЩҶԴ𣿡
˵Ķ㵱ȻԴߡ
ĽİЩݵĴľСӹҼдСӻĵһȵȣȫĽܵġ
ֶʮ˸ᣬĽ룬Ѿڵڶÿһڷ㣬е롣
ԼСɵղµ˽⡣
룬ҺûڻửʱСɻҪȻռ꿴е㲻ֱӡ
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ϣֻǱϢ
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Ҳ̲סһ̧˶ţܴӶԷпԼӰ
״̬£һ룬Եء


89 
,ˬȥԺ
ǰ˵,ǱĳɵľʷҲһݣԣ,ٵȳʮ͡
ֱӵǮֲ϶˵ϰߣڣյŰݷá
ôһʵõϵֻжʮûɽյϰߣóȥ⡣
Щء,ڳЩضƫԶʤڰĿյؽ,ǲĴ㡣
,Ĵֱ,͵߷ȥ˽顣
ʲô¶һһڳԲ˴ӡ
ũɣ㾭ɺ֪Ҳٸø
һۣԼǶԡı㾭顯˲Ȥ
֮ǰڿԵʱҪ׫ѧ顣
ϾЩ׵ͯ˵,̫Щ
Űݷ͵ʱ򣬰Լ뷨˵һ£ϾĴôԺָ鷳ͰæУԡ
ڼɫºͲ٣Ժһֱ
Ҳ̫,Ҳϧĸо
˵£ЦμӵԺ͸ԣ
ǡ
ɻǵ֪˵ʱֱһ⡷Ǿ㾭λ͹ͬɵġ
źʱʱ黹٣㾭Ҳֻ
ǰҲͷѧŶⱾ⡷͸ˡ
ЦŰԼʱѧϰĳ˵˳ǶⱾ顣
ֵ˼Ǽ㾭ע⣬Լѧ鼮
ѧ㡣˵ͳһҳֽıӣʸͣѧгĸĿָ㡣
һгľǳ˷ˡžų˷ȴǴӸߵУҲ˵ͯЩھһ俪ھǡžŰʮһ
д䷴ӡһһһʼҲ֪ⷽ׿
Ͼغͯѧɡ
Ϳ˺ɫȻϾҲ뷨ͬţ鼮ͬС죬ûʲôȡֵ
ͻȻ䣬üͷš˼
һֱԭƷ裬ȴ͸Լ𸴡
һСӣͿһʱ
ֻ̾ͣ˵쿪ޱȾ
һΪԼִ󵨵뷨ᱻֱһ١
ȴһת뷨Ҳ̫ˣΪɽ
ɤ۶Լǲ֮ˡ
еʱƳ㾭ɾͺˡ
ҲԼ׹ȻҪģδڣ͵˵ĳ徢
ʲô뷨͵ô󵨵ҪȻһֱ˼ǰηηţ˺ŷʱȻһ֮¡ֵû
ɽĸĿΣֻһ仰㾡ˡ
Ժڼɽ뷨ãǾͲˡ
ɽҲûеκα֤
仰㹻ˡ
˴ӹƵ¼пѧ㾭ɴ׻ǡɽ˵㾡ͰԼ뷨׫һ׶ѧ㾭ʱǸճӲõͯδڡ
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ЩǮڼȴ£ȿԺԣ˹˵ػ⡣
ȥԺ֮ǰÿĩ˵ĵһǡˮתҵ
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ڶռλҶ˵̫ˣ۽شô϶ǰպñһΡ
£˳Ĭˣ֮󶼴񿴵ڶ˭
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ҲźʵʱμӹһЩĻᣬʱѧ˽ܵԼࡣ
ڸǶȦԽԽ󣬴ǰԺԵĿҲע⵽
⿼۶Ҳûô֪˰Ǹѧ׵ȡǶľ档
Լһѧ٣ڸжֽǼΪʵ顣
֪˸ӲûҲüþա
ǸλҵȵѧԴ˺ܲޣΪԳɼҵȡֻܱҰࡣ
ƫƫҲʵѧģڼװڣͿԽװࡣ
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ΪԼͿһ̸¡Ѿ죬Ҫ֤ԼǸ
ƽʱ٣ɽñȴݵ䣬ݶеܸ۵
ȵʮµʱ½ѾԼıʲôÿԸ۵ѧ󶼻Цٽӡ
½룬ǼܹԼʦĴȫ޹
˵ˣҲʵ½ķڷ
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ȴвٵѧ⣬ƾٿϢϢء
Ժиѧĸ׾Ǵ峤Ϣʱ˼ңоũɣ㾭򻯰桷
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Լ㾭ͳĴ峤һЩֿڵĽͣŷֺȷʵûѡ
ӻܸӵǸ
峤˵ǿŵˣӦѧһ㣬ҵ黹ҡ
Ķģ򲻵ҳ
λѧĽܣҰĴ󲿷ѧһ׻о
ǰһĩеѧҲǡþˮȡˮʱˮı仯
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ύͷûôǿҹ
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ƶԿ˺ֱӴӿޣÿⶼ˼·ⱾǾˣ
ǫˡ
ͼûˣҲûȢޣЩ壬ںЩֻ˵дóʱУԣ֮ʸɽĿ
л͡
ȥոʱ򣬻˲ĽŴ׼ͷŹǡ
÷ԵŹǵʱ˵ľˣСи
ᵽĽģѩεӲüĿǲԾЦ⡣
ȷʵҵĸпգҺӱɨӭ
һ򲻽κԼһڴӦãһȥ


90 
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ȻҲٲġ
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Ҽһǰ˴ҲдһԼŵڴǰ
ԺǰĴĽдģּ㹤¶âҲ͸ǡ
վԺ˺һ˵ĵдøÿˡ
һ͸Ź
Ľһע⣬ͶȥץһѩСѩ
תʱĽһţѩ˳ȥ
ԼЬϡ
ѩ飬ѩĽ
վԭأҿ±ץСӡ
߽ȴûעѩ飬ֻ˵ô
ĽĽֻͣǳ
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һֱŵ£ڶԼͺĳɶȣҲгЧ
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⣬ҲûںֱӰĽıݣŵʱһѹԴײ
ĽĽȥ󣬲룬СӦûһĻɡţӦðɡ
˵սһ
ĽıڴϣЩ˯ʱǵһ¡
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ʮ꣬Ҳǰļӹһ͸öĽ˼ȥ֪׼Щʲô
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ĽѾˣСںСӿѩ
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Ǿ仰ôܻǰ˵ģһֻˡ
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91 
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һ󣬾ͷֺѧʵⲻ,Ϊܱд򻯰桶ũɣ㾭˳ʲô
һ,ͷϵ鶼û
ڵȵԻȥʱ䣬ŶԴ˵ǸʰԼˡ
Ȼס⡣
üͷȥ,Ͳܻؼˡ
Լ,Щ죬Ӧڼװֹ߳ȴǼװѧ
˵ʱѵ,𡣡
,ܺѧ,ʵһĲģ,һ˯ẓְ̌Ǵɽ󣡡
վԭ,߻ûɢѧüĿȻ
˵˵Ķԣ̡ҵְѧ鼮Ϊ㾭дע⡣
󼸸֣һһٵ˵,ûΪɽ󡣡
ɫְףƱ̵ǶһԺͬ㶮ö࣬ô߸ϣƲ𣿡
ֵĴˣǱλͶ
λ԰꣬Լ
˵ˡֱԣ˼һԺñ࣬θô󣬾Ʋ㣿
һʱûʲô粵˵ڳλ֪Ҽڳǡڵ磬ɽȥٵöʱڳǽ㡮ҹҪʩ̡̦ոѾΪ¸λ˵ǸȴͱˣǺξģ
ҡҾ̫֪ˡ
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Ը˵վס˭ĸѧ
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Ҳ֪ٵʱ䣬˵ڳĸλѧ˵ûûΪǴɽƣַᣩ˶ԺѧһҪμԺԣһҪμԣҲûôʱġ
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Ҫѱ˵̵Ȼ
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ĿȻû˸ҿԡ
ʱڿʼˡ
˿⣬ĵȻ˵ѡ޷Ǿǽشʲۡ
Ŀǡ˼ԭģк塣
ֽдԼ˼·Ȼϸİ˹ɸʽתϣѲдĺϺ
лҪ˵
ʵ⣺ˡԡϵʮһ䡰˳֮Իˡ벿ֳ֡һƪʮߡӣӲ


92 
˵˰ݸ,ָûʼôӲȻϰʱ硣
ҲûʲôӰ죬ëֵһһ飬ӡڹ,ϰߡ
ôĻдʵӰ첻
,ͲˡϾɶҲҪ
ʱоΧ¶ͻȻһůӽŵ,Ҳů١
̧һ,ԭѲǰƵмλá
΢һ˼ˣԭΪ˹ƽλҪ仯ġ
ǡ׼дʱ򣬻赽ߡ
ֽ˼ָ֣ȷʵ֮ǰҪϲ١
Ͻץʱ,ѴõĲݸܳȥ
ԺԵĳԣֳΪٹͳһ涨ͣĿݣɱʡѧ⡣
˴ԵΪ顷һ徭һʫһס[ע]
дһƪ˹ɣǳԡ顷ġƪдɺ˼·д˵ڶƪĲݸ塣
ͱѲ뵽,ָٴη⡣
ץץ֣ȵȽʱȥд
ʱſдһֻ֣üһ飬ʱ͵ˡ
ֹͣһ棬ֱӰ۴
ϣѧǲܳ۶ͱӣÿһһӣ
ζʵţֵܼԺԣ˭϶û˵ĻһĬţѹֺĻУ˱ӣ
ǰŵĿõ㣬ǰѧ͸λ٣Ҳӵͨ
Խζͺ̡һλм䣬ϢζҲ̡
ڿ󷽵ѧǺéޣ˵éţϾǸ룬ʱһãζɢ
ǲҪдϻ˯
ڿʱȥé޵ĻֻҪѲһøʺӡ
ҲĸڿŶӡ
ܿſǣһȺŶ֮˵жž
ҲֻƫԴװԼʲôû
ٿһҲʥˣ̲ôá
˶صԼλϺ۱ޱ˵ޱʵֻбһ㣬滹ûϴùζ
룬ùζһֻ̣Ҫ̫øű˯
˱󣬻ͱϨˣȼ֡
ѧǰӺͰϵľƴһ𣬾һż׵ľ崲ϿϢ
ԺԹ涨ѧԴ£ܴа
ȻôůôҪ֮ڵĵ£ͿһԼ·Լһ㣬ٸϱ
Ϣʱ·Ϻ͸ϣȡůЧкܴġ
ôҲΪ̶ȵά¡
Ӹߣº󣬲ŷַıܸסĽţЬӴˡ
룬ֻܹô˯һ죬Ӧòˮס
֮ǰ˵Щͯƽʱһţ浽˿ϣЬ֪˽жˡ
ԭĻ뷨ΪҶǶˣնͯס
ԺӦöעһ¡
浽ʱֻ˵Ķԡ
ǼƵζȰջҪֻ΢΢Դڷдľϣľͷԭζһ¡
֪Уôľ˯ˡ
ҹһΡΧȻû˵Ķȴסˣû˯õ˻в١
۾źݶԼѾͬǼŲЩζˡ£Ҳ£ѱӹøЩٴǿԼ˯״̬
ڶգΪԣҲиԡ
һͬС죬Ĭдʥ͹ѵ
лһش⣬ûô̬ȴҲ£ܿѧ˼ά
˵ѣԺŸÿѮҪνô硣
óһѾŹԵ˼ά
ԣɺ󣬻ʱһ顣
ͬʱ֪׵ĸԺɽյƷ衣
֪һ飬üͷš
ɽֱ̣쿪
ɽЦϾˣô
֪û𻰣ǱȴȻ
˻ţ༰˵һֿ飬дĲ
˶٣գҸһλ鷨ҡ
ֵɽסˡ
鷨ҡǸǵģֻһλλͷų˵Լͽ
=
ųȻ˿
ûֵ߻ؼң;оεˣͷֱ̣ӱȥҽݡ
ҽݶˣղˣҩ԰æץҩ
Ȼѧͽɷһֽ
ѧͽ㶣һʱûӦ
ȥˣ˵ҿҩץҩ𣿡
ѧͽ˵ɣ
˵һҩģѧͽ룬⡢˴Ųںҿҩɡ
ץҩĺѾѸٵǮҩˡ
ԭȻͯźģͯ͸ϳʦסǵĿջ
ټԺԿôã춼ˣǴ㿼ڶźȻ
ԣ굱죬Ȼֻ԰æ
ؼźСǱԼүͳȻϵζһ
˵⸱ҩȥˣȻ˸Ȼ
С֪ˡ
ԭסԺģȥˣֻʣ·ɺͺӣΪ˱ӣͰȥջסȵղŻ
Ȼ˸ɾѣٺãԼ׼ȥˮ衣
϶죬ղˮ裬Ǻúõ߹⡣
ĽͱˮͳȻáȻڲ裬ֻʣˡ
ݵʱС˯Ҫҵ
ûˣ뱧ŵҪס
ûü·ͿҰԭڰﺰҪǣҪǡ
ĵʱˣֻԼû⺢ӡ
Сӿִսζ
Сһڰˣǳء
Сĸζˡ
ĽȴȫǰҪΪ·ڰ֣˵ࡣ
ĽҡͷͶ죬ź㣬ⱾҲǷɸġ
žµüĿϸȴֹǽڷָΪ½
ԼĶˡ
ΪСӵˮͷ嶼ϴ飬ȷֻʣǵ󣬲ŸȥСӡ
û뵽СӼԻŸոյ飬
ֻǿӲİ˱ڻСһ㶣ûŵζֻаϹеˬϢ
޺˵Сӣźһĸ첲ǡ
СѾһ˸£֪ԼС֪ÿϵ׵ͰȻĿ͵Ŷ顣
ⶼĽĸСɵϰߡ
Ľ˵հûһֱޡ˯źҪҵ
⻰Сһڣϲ𣿡
СѾˣ˯˵ǡ
Сӵ˵ڰĵ˯ˣССẨ
͵Լķ䣬СҲȻιҩˡ
һٴλصݣʱ䱧ԼҴˡ
ĽҲһûټʱͷֳȻƽô׳ʵ嶼յˡ
ð϶Ҳܿˡ
İӵߡ


93 
ԺԹ,ڲĲ
ȥԺ;Уܿɽ¡ϵĻѩڣ¶֦һ̡
˶ڲǼҪһԺԣһƻŰŵǰǲ
Ȼ˵纮,ˣҩ¶,Ҳͳ׻ָ
֮ȳʱ˸ǣŶ˹ϰߣǾȥĶҪȽ
û뵽ڸǵ,Ҳˡũɣ㾭򻯰桷
ߵ,˵ʵңⱾǲģ
ȷʵѧ
˫۶Ȼſգ˺һ˵ȥ峤̲Ĵ峤˵һ㾭,ԼϣһشȥһĴݡ
ҵʱѾ׼شˣ峤˵Ǳˣһȥ
峤Ȼ֪ģԭ峤˵Լú
峤˵ˡͲòȥһˡ
ȥУ,˶µġ
֪Ԫǰ;ޡ
ѾĲ죬鼹֪նӡ£һȻ˸ͬͬա
ϵֻֽҶֽΪ鼮ȥȥǼûн
ԣҲ֪ⱾӰǳͨףȷʵֵռ
ⱾĬһСʱĴǰ͹ٿɿһףⱾУǱʡĽԪˣ滹֪ӡ£ټ֤˵ġ
ĺǻ𱬣ʺϼˣ滹кܶũɣѧ⣬ԺѧҲһס
ˡ
һ׽ӽһأ
СѾ˳İֻȥǮ
ԼǮԼ飬΢ЩΣҺⲻƹĺСҲʶ
ֺ֮ͳȻһϻӵͬеĻлźѧ
ȻҲ֪ũɣ㾭飬һ·Ͽ񶼺ܸӡ
ֱϣŸ˵ҳױȲˡ
Цʱһˣο໹Щ
Ҳ֪Լִˣô궼ôȥģһҲǷˮת
Ҳֻ䡣
ο˵ѧǸиĸѧҲ˴ԺԺܿǰé
ŵǲ顭
ãµֻгĬ
ٺԺҲٰһЩḻѧǵ
ȻһлֵʮֻͬġͶ͡ϡУǳֺ֧ߡ
ͶȻ棬˵ʫԡ
ȻԼˮƽټϴ˴Ժѧһ𣬲ֹǱѧмװģȻɲڹعǰ󵶡
ûϺãҲгͷ
ܵνѡĸȻĶˣͰˡ
ÿһע⣬͸ųȻĶȥɽĿյ
ʱϸϱӵкܴһ²ţ߷С״򡯣˵Ҳż
˿ýŽ⣬ͷβءϥǵȲλɽ[ע]
ֻҪڵϣμϵ˿ԾʩչԼļաʤı׼Ҳǲμ߱ݵĻ١
ȻӵĻǻ涨һ򣬵˰ѾͶȥӮ
Ȼ˵˹غͻȻĬˡ
ȻͦȤϱҲУӡȴûȫżġϡ
Ȼ⣬ˡǿЦŸкһΡ
ǫҶϲУøλЦˡ
ȻЦҸͬôãûϡ
˶٣Ǿ򵥵Ļ
˵ţڰ׼õóڵΧ˸һ׼Ȧ
ֻҪþʱһȦѵϸ񡣡
˵Ҳ̫˰ɡվڰ׿⣬ְѾͶȥѵҲɣðһã
Ȼͷܣֿ˵ҲΪѰ롮ܶӡıʱպÿ˶øǿѵ
˼ˣҲ˵ʲôʵҲڸǿѵ
ȻҪϰļȽϻɲ򵥡
ǾǡŪþ뿪壬ҲָϡƾſƼĶþڼȫ
ĻֻҪܲʧǾǶʱܶһָӮ
˵Ǿϰˡ
ȻȻҲΪչܣѱݵĸӸѶȡ
еĶв֣ȥͺż
Ȼ״̬ãϱһ£ͣոǸСǸ¡
ʵһѾϸ߸ߵȻȻԴסϣȴֵÿŽǶȣþ׵øߵͬʱڵǰ
˶òͬ岿λӾϣȴһһ׵øߣ
ڳϱϣоԼҲЩѪڡ
ѧǵӣȥۣ⣬Ͳ
Ȼ׼õıþϣһſͼëߣ˵Ƕʲô
Ȼܵĳ˺һһ˵ǽСӡǡܶӡ
Ĭһ£ϸ룬ڴӦû֪תԣֻǸɺϰɡ
ô˵ٴΰѾϷڽϣ·Ҳ˼䡣
΢΢š㡯ͼľϸ߸ǰŽסȻѸٵ̧ϥǣھ֮ǰٴ׸ߡ
ʱŲԶǸȦ̧һߣȵ䣬һѹߣ
ȻǱߵĶѳһĻŴͣǰɣĵһ ϣ
ȻҡΪǵİ
֮׳Ϻ󣬽ûôɣüζΪǶȲԣƫƫķɳȥȫ˷Ӧʱ䣬ֱڵϡ
ֻҪܱģȻȦǸȦ
׼ͷĲ
ЦŬܸϺȡ
ˣڵĸϺȡ
=
ϱǰһգСҡ
ƹҪ̡
ʱմԺϻųۣøȴ˵ͷһõ㶫
ԺԹʱĽĵġճС
ȥµ߸µʱ䣬Ľÿдңһ¾Ǿǧ֡
߸Ǿ֣ѾһỰˡ
ҲװɲĻȥҵƹ
ƹڶ¥ȺȸһV
һ㶣ûк塣
ƹЦŸ裬˵Ҿֱӿżɽˡ˴Ҫ˵
һũɣ㾭򻯰桷ҪӡˣֳȻվɡ
ѧ㾭һᣬһݶӡˢǧףһǧᣬҲĳɵʷѡ
ԡѧ㾭Ȼ𾪣ȴһ㶼ԡ
ϾⱾųʸɽһ£ɽûƹȴֱӸѧ㾭Գӡˢˣ
Ȼлƹ񡣴˴ΣҲһ󡣡
ƹİ֣Ͳˣ͵ܾܷԸ
ѻƹǰżȻã롭
лҪ˵
̲壬֮ǰϵƹҲͬ塣
еСʹ˵һ˵ҪֳΣҵĻһ̫Ӱ顣ʵ˫žֱܷǲǸ˵~~


94 
û˵ߵֻ˵¡
ƹΪͶԼдĻ,ϾǰͶ,вһ,ųĶˡ
ֵءȥѧ飬顢дˡ
ƹһλδ,Ϊ仰ĻڷڸǶ򷿵ĺӵܡ
ƹ룬ûʱ䰡ѵһ߱׫㾭һдӣöľ
˵,۵ûаҹڣ˫ĿǷ˿˾øС
ƹùϵ,ǾƹⱾ顣
ĿСɾµСʱ˾Ŀ
ƹϸ˼ΣѾԿ϶λ
ⲻӽǵ⣬ϵд͹ע,ƹʶô,Ѿٿˡ
ƹĺⱾ飬иһĽύⱾȴ븮ǵӲ
΢ЩΪѣҸҲͲӡ⻰ıϸ,ÿһζдʤȴûһҪĸ߳תۡ
ȫ̶ǣ߲ῴô
ƹ˵ҲǲУ״η,ʮᡣ
ʮᣬҲȷʵ̫˵㣬òӡˢˣʮɡ
ƹûᣬʮֳĳѾһŶֵ
ΪԼƹ׼ߡ¡ĹϵΪԺĺǴӦˡ
ȴЦ˵ʵð䣬ЩΪƹˡи飬Сһһӡڶ࣬һȴտҲҳǮһÿֻȡ⻰еһӡȥܹǷ顣
С󣬳ϿĶż⣬ǵܽгֵļ壬ÿζҪݻȥ
լʶֵĹ¸ǼһݣҾٰʫżҲѡ⡣
СǰĴ⣬ȫͶȤš
ÿʲôȥĶ㣬ǵĹ˵ط
룬Сһڶլ¸ĽĵӽҲ¼޽ķɡ
ƪ¶ǵһ˳ƣûдԱ𣬳˾ϵ⣬˵ǺѿߵʵԱ
ӽǾ͹ˣ㹻ĴС
ܿȥһΣĻֻСǷˡ
ƹ˵ȫûеӣһڴӦˡ
ԭӡˢģΪܶ˲ᷭȥĿһҳ;ԣҲõӡˢˡ
Ȼô˵ˣǾԣЧãͼһ档ЧõĻ´ٰǰ
Ͻ˵лƹ̧
һһ˼䣬ƹЦɫȥСġ¥󣬻һµĸС
ûȥСɿԼȥ֡
ϴ裬ĽĻڴͷţ⸮Сŷһҳ
ʵʲôأô񣿡
ĽҪ´Ϊȥ·ûԼٵ·ϴСɱڻ
ĽĴСѣָŵϵһС֣˵дμ϶ˡ
Ĭһ£ϸһΣŷָСȻͨ
治ԺĻѲμϺͶ֮˵ֶ˳
˵μ϶£Ҳ͸Сܼҡ
ĽȻЦţСϿ󣬻Ǹоһ
˵ţֿ˼ǶλǵСһֱ֡
ۿŸõ˯ĵ㣬Сڴͷִ͵ơ
һƬںĽ§ڻվǱˣؾԺİɽʱŰӺСһȥ̤档
ĽϰԵİͷһ㱡ĵ£ȵĺѡ
á
ڱСɣǰһ㣬ԴҪȫڱ
Ȿһܼ򵥵СĽȴ
˷ôˣһС׶Է룬Ҳ͡
ڶһ磬Ľϴ㣬ҹĻƻĿ
ʱŸ£ٴӵĴ㣬׵¹£ܿڵӣ·Ź̵ȶȣҪմ
áӦˡ
ȻУҪ绳ϱøһЩ
Чľ֮µͷ
ֱֵ࣬Ӱڻ˵˯
ЩǲɶƵ˳Ľʧ֮࣬ȴҲ֪ûô졣
ԲϴһĻ
Сӽӽ꣬Ҳ˶ٶȫӡ
ֻ֮ǰĽܲˣû˵Щ
ʵĽĵһҲ̥Ҳȷʵճˡ
磬Ժ׸ѧǷ˼٣֯ѧæѵŻֳء
鷳ȻԼ羰õλá
ȻǸˣϾǲ߶רŵϢأ˵ϱҪ
š
ȻأСӻ岮˰ɣ
һҲ˾ͷǰС·Ӧһˣ
Ǻ˵
һѵѶҲǰˣ
Ӷˣ
Ľ
ϵЦݶҪҲסٴᵽϸ׵顣
һգѧ壬ǣСԺһСŶડડણһһߡ
СʰöŰҹϡְ潥صİӱڻ
һ˸£ʮ˽أôҲǸ
ƽʱܱŰôãСӺǿġ
СӴŶƵСѼӵѣķ˿͵ķǰ̳ĺ˳̵ĽëһֻɰС¹
§Ĳӣ˵ǣ죡
ǵģˡ
Сǡ
ЩĽ̸СӵģСӼǲסʱʱĲ䣬ϡ
˵Сӻϲŵķ˿ɣ֪ܳԣҲקֻ
СûôţİĽֵɫɫȺĿֻţ۾һԼĵһֳŰ
һıί£ǲ˵
ĽİקһֻС֣˵Ӳ¡
СӹȻο¶һЦݡ
˳ǣܿɽСŤͷȥɽѿ֦Ҷλ˵죡
˿㵣Сӱſޡ
Ľ˵СֻǸոճŲϰߣСʱڴ˿¡
ĽġСӺС費ԺѧԲܴԺȥֱӵɽ
ʹǴԱߵС·ƣһ·ϵûʲôˡ
ȫû뵽Լӡĸ˾ȻźõĵطȺš
ûߵȻĴɤ˵СӼֱ̫ɰˣǿһ۾ͻϲϡ
˵ĺӶ󰡣ڰɡ
˴ǿȢӣȻСԴ֮£ѧҵ
˵ˣܿŵĻҲҫ鹣ʱ׾˫ϲš
Ȼ˵ӶˡҲðĳʱ˵£һԣ˵ˣ˼Ȣȫᵢѧҵ
Ȼ䣬ܾۼĿһˡ
ǿ쿴Сˣ


95 
СӴ˺ԺãȻĽУ
ȻȻֱСӴγȥ,ȫܾĻᡣ
,ȻҲûʱ䱧СӶ,Ͼͱʼˡ
ֻİѺӻתĽġ
Ľĵһ ˶ͬ,ЩţоЩһȲĵشţĽĶЩ
סĽĵ֣İο
ʵ,Ľĸվһʮְ䣬ͺһԱ,Ӧ˳Ȼ˵Ǹʡ衯
ǰӲ֪˵Ա룬ļҵĹ
ڿķɺ,ȫûͷˡ
Ӱ,Ľʾԣһ㶼ûбĨƽ
ȴΪӣüĿж˼͡ศɡ
ûʼ,зкӵʹԺ
˵ԺķҲΪ
˫ףÿĩһѽΣ֪յ㡶ũɣ㾭ı׫,ǸԪ
ټողμԺԣ⣬Ҳλӡ
Ҫ̵ĻǾ̫ͣҵ̫
ҲоϻСĪô
ܶϤͬΪԺԹȢӣָܽʶһҾʵĺùԺԣǷǳ
˵δŷɺǰֱ̤࣬Ŀɿڴ
ͳɡɡˣӶˣ
½Ҳһ𾪣ڼװλϣҺӼˣ
˵ꡣ
ʵһ˸¡ʱ򣬺ӳǸͷһꡣ
ǰ»촩óȥԣֿԺԣ˵Ѿͷˡ
½Ĭˣһܴӡ
֪ΪǸ԰ף򱻱ΪҵȡȽϣԼȲ󣬾Ͷ̬ԼŬĿꡣ
½룬Ȣ֮һô룿ԣȢӻü
½ûü˵ʲôϱˣÿӵĶԱȥ׼׼õ·ͷϵİҲɫ
ڵӶƫһɫͳһŵĶ̴ɫ
ܶȫɫ
Ĭһ£еԼѡ˳ȻĶ顣
Χ۵ȺһȦƫһɽϡ϶ӵδ߽
ӵһܣòiټСǼҲСȻϺ£Եݰס
һ˲䣬ý˶̧°ͻĺᡣ
ϧǸ
ܶӵɫͺѼԦһ֣
ԭ
һȣȺ˲ŷЦ
Ҳգ˵ܣƯ
ܣһӮҲƯ
Ⱥ׷׽кãã
Ưȣ˴òȺкбҲûи߳
ȻλòǰҲûľڵҰƫƫƻߣǰҲסСӵߡ
ĽıŰӣ˵Ҫˡ
Сԭ˫ֹڵϰβݣһ⻰̧ͷ
ǣ
Ľİ§ĸһ㣬ָұߺ¶飬ǱߣϾҪˡ
С۾һգգϵĲмҲΪϾ˼£ڰ·ϡ
ĽҲûעЩһһСͶһ¡
ƸɽڶĹ۾λãĽĺСӡ
ɽѭĿ⿴ǶԸЦֵ鵹ǲ
еıӣ˼Ǹӡ
ɽٿȥʹĸȷʵͷǼ˵Ĵ硣
ȴΪۣˡ
ʱַųһذըķɺͺӡ
ɽþõĳĬˣǸһĸò£СϴӤʣϸȥС۾ȷʵ
ɽһˣϿǿɫ
ԭûʲôɽô˵˷·𱻿´½ۺʱǵȻģ˽֪㣬ѧʱּ档ٿΡ޹
ЩȫܴСж
ҪǣͺһԱȡһ޵һȻһ棬Ļ˶Сġ
һҪһһɽ࿴ǸӼۡ
ȥСҲͳкͱķɴݣôʱӴСӡ
ʱȺͻȻߺ

ԭһλԱˣҲһ£ôݰףȴüĿݡɫָһᣬԵк顣
ڳĹǿһַĺɰѾ˸Ķ
С֪֣֪ҶںСȫȲˣֻܻСֱۣ
һżȻѧ˽еŴŴǡ
һֱĿǰǰ˼վڶβ
СӼûԼίˣ᲻סȴʵĳĽĿ۲ѣæСӱڻ塣
һͱСӿʪһš
ƺУתͷСӺĽĵλáȻ֪Ǹ򣬵ֳ̫֣࣬һŷǣȴֻĽĵͷḧСӵı
Сһ£æ˵үˣ
ĽĸϽ̧ͷȻ˫ЦСȥСŤͷ̲סʼޣֻźһֱķҪ˽һ
Ľֻº壬ӲޣޣһҪء𣿡
ȵڳվ˫ŷֿͬ˫ֱ󣬵ȴµʱ䣬ֿһۣСѾˣȻۿģȴŬЦ

һʼ
λɺΣԺǳ
ǶĵһůټԺɽ̤࣬СͱԺٰϺͶ
ʴˣǺܶ˶ϼҴڵˡϾҪԺԳɼҲȸŮɾ
Ľ߾ǸŮ׼ĵطԺĽͺѧ
ո߿˺öΣܶ˶ˡ
ոջͷǲǿң
ûУң
СӲֱſޣڸոոЦһ£ԼԼǿһ㡣
ĽЩ΢ЩķԼζˡ
ɿ緢ķϲҫһö񣬴ǰڴɳڣڵķʱˡ
ϵıʼÿ˶Ŭϣʱ̶žϣһ䵽Լǰ޷Ѿߵ涨ʱԴϥǰѾϴĶѡ
ʱϱһ߶
ɿԤ㣬ڿҪӵʱ򣬷ֶѶûǶ֣
ˣӲˡ
԰ӵҲȥӵôһжûУ
⻰ʼ˾޵Ҳ˵ȥˣǹﲹ䣬Ҫ˵һˡ
ɿжϳи֣վϵܣߺһȻɿ˻ûӴϵʱ򣬾ͰѾϸ߸ߵĶȥֱûκζֵǰ
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96 
ԭȫעĿ,,ѵ϶չֳ
ϸһǰ,üȵĽסˣ
ȫĻᣬȼžڼֱرݡŪ֮װҪñʵ˸ļٶ,öֱֲӰѾϴ˳Ȼ
Ⱥٴη,ٶǾʣ
ܵıҲʼ˵Ǿ仰һҲӮƯ
ȻСϳ˵ϱߣҲиר滨ż
ǾǷɿֻؽ棬ڶֺ߾ϵ˲䣬Ѿ϶صԼ,
ȿȣÿ߶ԳƱ仯ƿء
ôһ·ϡؽţۿ͵˾ӵʮ׵ĵط
ܶӵĶӳĸһֻСһ⹦ˣżͬʱһ,Ϳֱһ֡
״Щż,ǰ,ҲС
ʱһ˸Ķѳ䲻⣬ǶȵĴܶӶӳѾϸˡ
ǸԭǰΪһûϣ,Ѿվԭء
ҺʱֱϥǰѾϸ߸ȻһƯĺɨȣֱӱ߽ܶӵ
иߺӣһ֣
Ⱥ˼룬űĻ

СӿЩСռǿô˶֣ΪҪԼ
һɤʣ
ĽûӵС˼ӽͣӮˣԴҲź֡
Сӵµ졣̾ͷˣӣ
֮Ӿûô˳ʵܶӵˮƽһЩϾʱĶԱȻżг䲻ЧһܶǾͺͻΧˣϺȡ
ڵڶܶԣȻܴϡͻΧһ׼ߵʱ̾˰Ѿϵ
ɫҲ̫Ҫ˰ɣ˴һ
ܶӡ
ߣǾǼɵ
ô˵űסӺܶ˼أڱܶҵӳɿϥǰѾ
ϰ볡һһƽ
гϢʱ䣬鶼ս
Ȼüͷšս̫޳ˡ
Χסȫʩչټ϶ˣٶƭһǼޣеġ
ȻսôУһʼҲֻΪ˸ұݡŪΪԹߣԿøһ㡣
ȻҪ԰ǾΪֵ
ܹȷʵ࣬ڼ˶һͨҶ¶Ȼɫ
ȻʱߵߣļЦ³Ҫҵıˡ
⻰ޱ飬ֱӴӳȻǰ߿Լλվ
Ӹߣխȣϴǰ׵׺ѥӣɫѥͲסһζСȣֱƲۡ
ٹǸסеңҸ
ȻһЩǸϲµͣһֱעһһ
ͳȻĽֻоܶõ
ܶӶӳɵͳȻɫС˵ս䣬һڹǣλ
ȻͬȻ˵ֻҪϣȫ߶ֻûüӦʱ򣬾Ͼͱ˳ȻǱߡ
ʹ׷ԼĸֻĴ˸ǣס֡ȴְѳͷʱѡ
󣬳ȻٴΪӶȡһ֡
ӱܶǶһһ֡
ϱֱӽ㣬һӻӮĻǾʤˣ
ܶӵĶӳͣһɳ©ʱ䣬ȥԱս
ΣǹȻԶǾǳȻѣĬʮ㣬ǰֶܶȻ˲ٱַ֡
ܶԱˣǾ˵ܲӮͿܺˡ
΢΢ڵ˫мľϡ
ϱӵӴֻһֻ֮꣬ķôãܶԶǿʮֱ־
磬һǰ΢΢ǰ㣬˫Ȼ࣬͵Ųһ¡
ĽĶټȫԼâģеѹȸж¶ѹ
ΧͻȻ鲻Խʤӣʤ
ʵܶӻƽ⡣֮ǰҲܲ£ڶȥˡ
ĳٶȹȻܿ죬һϣ׸ܣݺ󣬳Ȼסϡ
˿̣˻˳Ȼ顣
ȻǰĶ֣ĶðԼһͻᵼ¶˾ϣ̽䡣
ʱ򣬳Ȼʼ
߻ӦԼܲоһҪ˾ϡ
һһ˵Χ׼ϣ
ôһԱȣȻпԼľǶôȷ
üٶƭ˶֣ϽѾͶҲãܶӵĶӳ͸࣬谭Ӿϣȫɱһǧ˰١
ڳȻòװѾϴʱȴûеһʱӣƫԴܶӶӳ
üĿ䶼֮⡣
кüη԰Ѿߣȴһ˵ٵȵȣٵȵȣѴľֱأǾͻжһ֡
ʱͻȻ𴽽ǣܶӶӳǰһ£ͿǸϤľϣߵĽǶֱǶӵ
ӱܶӣһȫʤ
þգҲΪҪˣ
ҲǣĶҪˡ
ǸɫӵĶӳôôļֱҡ
㣬ܶӡ
Ǽ޷ӣ˶˵ϣѾ߳ȥ
λھ׼ԺЭҪ󶼺ܸߣԲϾͱԶˡ
Ȼǰӵͷĺһ§һ
ʱΧ۵˲ʶϱôʵչˡ
ӣʤ
ӰһżֱҶû
ҲǰһֱǸɫҪҪϡ
СҲĵĺǣӣ
תС֣Сӿĵ̤Ҫҵ
Ľ֣ŲĲ
ԶɽͿһĻж¶ڴһһҿɰĺӱ߼Ȧ
·ȴûҪͷֺѴԾôš
ֱȥСɺͰӣһ·ϲ֪ҹҺùǶߴӣܣҲֻߵһ㡣
ֱСӱڻСһгڣȻա
Ľߵ˲ŷ֣ԭ⺢һֱҪҵĵȻӢˬ
ôӶˡ
ҵĹŮզϡ
˵СĽĶû˵Ǳ߷羰ãȥߣ
ĽĴӦˣվԭأ˵ҷ𣿡
Ľľȣ㡢㲻ǲϲҶô
ǴЦ⣺ϲҵСɷ˺üŷõҰ


97 
ĽͳԼͷõ,İϵϡ
ɫƫ,·ɫܴ,β׹գһ£Щ죬˵ҲԼ𣿡
Ľĵͷ
ɡ
Ľ˵ϲĻ,һ׹߽롣
׹,ˣҲ轣
ĽĵͷɫѾļƻҪʲôӵ׹ˡ
СôãԭЩ΢΢룬ΪӮ,СһҲɵ˷
ΧԭֵһûüǰкͰڻ
ٶСĶԵռܿĵһֱ§ĲӲ֡
ߵķɽλãһ㣬ͿԸԺȫò
ҲΪ˸ĽĽԼѧԺ,Ŵ·
ȴк,Сӳ
С,ɽ͹ĽҲѧҾ
˵ջůôһ˳Ρ˵꣬ɽӺͺӡ
ŸС˵ɽүү
СͬʱŴ,ɽүүá
СӣҲá
ָָָƣ˵ӻǵλ𣿡
ƺСӵغһ
϶ǵã
ˡ
ƣСӣ򲮲
Сӿͷʱ򣬲ſڣ
ɽźЦع㡣
ܴˡ
СվڵϣԼôˣΪʲôԼСקӣ۾ί
ϽѰӱڻ˫һ޵ͬһһ˫ºͣһ˫ί޹
Ӧ˵СӰⱲӶ۵׵˳
ͺ֮޴ķϽԼԼһ͵ĹΣûĺɫĥƽ˲ࡣɽжȻĳ֡
ɽ룬ϱ߶Ůѡ飬˭Ի·ܡ
̬ȣϽ棬ģȷʵ
ô˵мҵˡ
ܱôӣ϶Ҳвٹ֮
ɽ͵󣬾ʹŷȥѧԺ
ĽָԼļװ͵̵ѧ˵ǸķÿοǰҶԷȥݡ
Ľĵɴ۾Ҳ𣿡
ЦɵԴû˵ԭǲŹģԽô׵鶼ܱ̬Ҳת䡣
Ľ;ȥʱ򣬻йĿöͬɫСɵϣһҲϢģȥˡ
иĵĹ涨ǺŮ͸ңҲŮ˫ѡ
ǱɿĸˣͰ˷Ƶϵ۵λãԼˡ
=
һڸǵȦӳ״˾档
ǰֻԺ󣬵׹͵Ȧȴû֪ȡ
˫ڸʵټôʮܹеġ˼Ԫ껹СԪأ
ټǵʱûиʫ硢°ȦȻҲͲ
Щ֮ǰЩ̰ӡ󣬱ӡֻϲ㾭ȡ
񣬿˳ɫϼգһ̲סύ
Ҳ˵ϵг̶ȣѧʾͬʱֲ壬ʹӵĸ֡
ǰС˶۾
ǵȦлƵ黭д裬д裬нܻӭϱ
˶ÿż͵չʾƽﲻñʸӣҲû¡
󲿷Ȧ˻ڿѵʱѾ֪ϳǡЩ֮ǰβۡ
ڶգյһšԭȦ°ˡ
Щò⣬ȥһ¡
֪˺һĹŹ֣ǸҿЦ
ɶĺͷԣϿҵͣҶȦӲ˽⡣ǰ϶飬ҲûӹκȦӡ
̾˿˵ҺһʱҵңҪˣָΪڸҫ
ĬţЩкˡ
ԭȦڸеλܸߣûˢǲܱȦϿɵġ
һǶӵ˶ȸصȦ°ȵ飬Żᱻɽ
һȦӣʹȫǡԺ־ͬϵ̸
ƸпҲȦÿ¹̶μӼʫᡣ㲻һ°ġ
ЦϿҸǿҵѧˮƽ
˵еԷƱˣǿ϶ȿѧͰΪĺѡˣַµİ
ƲڸǳˣȻ˸˾Ųʮ
˿̣Ȧӵλ֯߻µֵֵá
һ׺ӵͷ˵ֱǺ֣һ˫ףȻû¹ӵ£ȸµİôûзǡ
үүҲô˵˫ѾϽʸˣֻǾû°ԲŹⲻȥûȥֳϣʵЩϧƾ˿ҵɫ;׼չ˵ǣ°û
߻˵ʲôֵүүİɡ
˵ʲô
ͶԺԳɼ
ߴӵۣ϶ûʲôöĵġ
Ҳ£ǰס
ߣ˵СԪ
˵ͷôµģӮˣԭţΣ
˵ߣСԪֿϼǣҾΪͽ
⻰һǸϵĲյֱӵڵϣϸİ״ķѡ
ͽûɣ
õ͵ָ㣬Ҳ֪ȦڸǵĵλʮֳϿҵĻţ˵ԼԸ룬֮ǰû¹ԭ
֮ǰͲ֪Ȼû˵£޴֪
룬ԺԳɼûǰʱǲҪ͸¶Ȼܡ
ϾǸȦ¼˵ͱ׼š˫ף߾ĳһرͻ
ȡһмʸ
ֹ˼գԺҪŰˡ
زϣûвݶ¥еֻһһӵȺ
Ⱥм䣬ԭվԱߵĳȻʣһֻЬԭأѾ֪ܵʲôطȥˡ
߶Ⱥĳֱ治ͭǷ꣬Ƿꡣ
ֻǸԺ԰ĺ죬֪ĳˡ
̧ͷǺۣӳĵһ־д˺壬
սȭͷ룬Լˡ
մԽǻڣһŸ£ʵˡ
ĬĬ˳ȺϲѶһʱСɺͰ
ĽĽһصĴ磬ɫףýɫƵѡ
ҲΪͼϲ죬
ǡкϢ
ǹ𣬰Ľӵ뻳У˵ţϢ
ĽĹ˳ſС²⣺аˣ


98 
ĽС,仰ȴ˵ʮּᶨͺѾ֪аһ
ȫԴԷϤΡ
ƽԺɼôãҲֻҪԺ,СԪĳƺſ϶ûܡ
ټѾٻΪɼϲ,ϵЦĽȴԿС
ԣĽĲŻڲ֪Űݵ£˴󵨵˵
͵͡šһ˵Ĳ¶,Ҳǰס
Ľĵõ,ֵñҪģԭͲõЦ,üҵɰǹˡ
һͽݱ۾,ظͬ,۽źȶ֣ȫ˼ӣͿףأүСԪ
ȻҲܵĻ񣺡лү
ү,ϲ滹ѧ˵ӡأ
Ժ԰һѧյ,ǽ̬ĽشҲѧġ
Ҳ˵,ǵĲŵõ˴˵
ŽϲѶ,ӭۺҲûԺţһ,ſھΧˡ
ӻвͷ컨ýšЩ˼ҿǰ;ͺǸҲŰѹŮ޹
ſڵ˿Ҳѧ۵ӣֵء
ϲүСԪ
ү
ȻȫĻӦСõǹóȥˡ
ӭԺĽĹ裬۱ŵģϾǸˣ֪Ľɪ¾վ˫ֽӹ豭
ĽĶһ£Ϊȴûκβ
֮չظôǮˡû취ֻĽİѰ׼ķһ㡣
ҺüǮƽʱҲ΢һЩмֵĶйţԼȴò
۵ĶĸпСԪүҲ̫ˡ
һϲ۶ѣôʺ
ۻȥϼͱ˼䣺ͽݱȥˣ
ǡ
˭͵ģ
СԪү
ϼҲܾϵĶ֪ⶫļֵҲڶϡ
ļ˵һ ͽݱ
Իǵһ ȥ׵ȵѧ͹νݱһظСԪү͡
ϼʣоΣ
үûһ˿һƲ£ºǿ˶٣ֲװģܸо
ϼЦˣ˵ͶˣǰҸԪСԪϲҲôĿûһ˿м
۴඼ȥظճүͽݱȥˣ˿̸Щ塣
ϼ˵ҾͷְԽ˼Ҵ˽Խƽͣܲһѹ
˵Ķԡ
һ˵һߣȫûע⵽᷿֪ͣеıʣվڰǰ˼Σѡгŵóһֽ鷨дһţƼ
ʱɽ׫õġѧ㾭֪ˣѯǷڸǹϽڹΪ
֪˵ʱûشֻ˵дúãҪһλ鷨ҵʦ
ƹҸ˵Ҫǧסѧ㾭顣
ͳ֤֪ѾȫȨִ󵨵ı׫ǡʱӦҪλ鷨ҵʦ⻰ҲʳԶˡ
Ȼֵ֪ûСʳԶʡĸ֣˵һ
λ鷨ҽѧ֪ҲûףϾ˼ҿʮ궼ûչӰ
ԭһϣȵͷæ꣬ȵȥɨĹʱ򣬸˼˵¡
ԭ֪Ҫܵӣһҡ
үԸŹ֣ƽʱϲЩǰȥ߶ţȻͬһ壬ȴǹϵס
֪ҲһŹȥүӾͬ⣬ʲô¶ѭ򽥽ǣ
Ϊɹʲ󣬾Ͳȥˡ
֪ţүӲͬ⣬Ըү˵
Ҳүͬ棬߸ʦ̲С
СԪһʱ͵˸Сҳװλã
˿ڶ࣬ԺڣķŨСÿİ䣬οСԪһ㹻Ϣ
ƹĻŸĹϵСӡˢǰѯһЩ⣬ѧϰģҲģкܶ˶ڹעż档
һ⣬Ļشֻһ䡣
֮ʱ벻ˡ
ƹĻӼ䣬ȴڰ֣һֶԸ˵
Ϊãһ㹻ˡ
Ǹ̫ˣǵڷԼϲĽĵʱûͻȻˡĻţصķԼУȷֱӳ֣Ľĳ׳ΪԼˡ
һôû˵㡯ֱ׵ԣжȴάŷɡ
Ҳû˵Ҳ檡ĻȴӲκŮ˻߸ֵò岻
ƮԷͷƣҲ˼Ҷϵĸɸɾ
ΪһԽںԽ׿ͷı֤Ƕô
ɽ˺ĵ󣬾ͲǸӰʱ˵ˣЩ֤ˡ
һֲ˵ȴжĽԱﲻİȫС
С³״ӡˢٷݣһʱͱһɨա
ûСרɼСѯʿɷӡ
ƹȻ֪ڸǺܶеĵλƽʱһȻһʱ⣬ͺܳˡ
ϽԸʦӡˢٷݡ
ӡٷݾȻʱˣ
²ǸǵĹԺѧҲ˽һλ˵еĴڡ
Сֲֻһ棬һСҳ棩ǹ涨õģǻǮĽܣȻҲѺȤŶһ顣
ܹ黹Ȥȷʵֵͦóǲġ
СʵҶ֣СĵһĹ¡
е˻ֺǣͬǮܶ࿴һ棬ǲ׬ˣ
רΪ򸮳Сˣһ棬Ҳܿýζ
С³档
ҳ룬½
Ӽǡ
ߣ¡


Ш
꣬Һͷ׵ĵĸͷռѾչ˺ӣҾû֮ǰôæС
ÿ֣Ҳĥīо˲赹ˮ
֮ǰҵðѴ󲿷ʱ仨չ˺ϣ˾ι˾ͺ˯ӻСһ̶벻ˡ
Ѿߺ壬ҸˮĿյȥ˺ӣԹԵ˯
Ҳˮ֡
ֿյῴңڣҲ²͸ʲô
ڶ壬ʵУҪҪдһЩ
ȴǸдµˣ֪ĹҲţ֯Ůݹô
һǴӦˣиʱһҲܸиĻ⽻
ΪⱾӼǡƪֱ⣬ܶ˻ûӦǻӣͿȥˡ
ҳһШӺС£ûȫʱдҲ͸ШдһרдӵģΪ˸и໰⽻ļһǡ
¶ճӼǷƫƫ㹴ճһԸ󷽡Ľӷ
Ϊ㾦ưԵȴᣬСƤҲ硣
º̣ܶҲӣһ˿˺Īãһ
ܶฮСʵһͿȻűһҳֽ£һ±ƣأأ
лҪ˵ֿյῴңڣҲ²͸ʲô
롭


99 
,ʱ˰ϱҳֽɢܣҲһ
ƫƫƪӼǡҲûд,ܶլĹǶСèһӰ,࿴ճӼǡ
Ѿ߸ţػһ䣺ڵĸСǲӡ˼ţ
ȫԼʼСҳīʱǸоԼ׬˵СȸԾ
ôõֵĸСҲƽ޹ʶҳ
Ѿʮ,Ǹǰĸ̵Ů,Сǧ谮ġ
ۿҪʻͣĸ׼촽ϻ,ҪѸǵ궼Ůһ顣
ԭλ˵ĺѡȴΪس,ֱֻ
ҲڵĸС,жȡóɾ͵ϸܣ滹һΡʴ𡯡
ĻشȫưмֻһůϵķΧ
ò˵,˿ʴ𣬶δСԪøС
,÷ǳһ·ˡ
ǱĹŮ,ȻݸС֣˸Сǵݻ,ڸСûжʲôݡ
˼ŸŮѡŮȻϾС꣬ΪŮĽСԪѧʶ,Ҫ֪СԪ顣
ɡްҹŮôôԽ
룬Ǿ˽£Ϊ˹ŮԺ󲻱۸ôŶŮ檣
⿪ҲȥǡӼǡ
ҹŮ۰ͰͳҲûд꣬Ҳ뿴԰ɣ
˺ܲϣȴòȷʵдú˵µܰȤүƹʶѯһָõء
籧ŷ˸첲á
գƹԼүһ𾪣ҡӼǡûк
ؼҲЩȤ
үĬһ£ĬĬ˺ڹǺô꣬͸Ҹ׼ţûк
ƹĵͷУҲŰѺҲڻûǰͰѺȥ
үֵĿ˺һۣǸ⾭˿Ѿף⡶Ӽǡߵͷ²Сƹľ˽ؼҿӦ
ʣӼǡԺɻ񻰱һӡˢɲ᣿
ᣬڻʱ򡣡
ƹû뵽ԼҲп۵ʱ֮ǰⱾָ壬ֻ̫ƽûۣ򡣵֮ԴӦҪӡˢҲΪ˸ùϵ
һڲŸշû죬յѯʵڶǷСӼǡҪǣ
ƹľЩף˿ֻԼʱû뷨˵
үüΪʲôڲӡˢΪȥֵģӡˢǵӯ⣬ǾӡˢǮǾܳǡ
ƹĵⲻǮ⡣
˶٣˵һʣӪԡ
ȴ֪ȣӡˢ֮ǰ飬һӡˢ١Ͼ飬ӡˢԽ࣬ÿҲԽ
үԼֻȥûӣֻӺҪһСβֵġӼǡѡûȥŮ
û뵽ƹҲֻ˵㷭һҳֻܳһΣͺɲɣ߶ǶΡ
ƫƫûģֻ͸Ů󶼶İЧʸе
ҲֻܸСд˵ұ͸ȴֲϲµģĺΡ
=
ĽĶ֪⡶Ӽǡͷ͹˺ܶ˵Ȥ˴θп԰ףô˵ûˡ
ҹ涨ԺȡСԡ꣬Դ˴εԺҲΪԡ
˼һ£ɵ֧㷨ǹîꡣ
ԣҲǣÿһΣӡ硢îΪƣӿΪƣڶڰ[ע]
û»ʵǻῪƣã´ƾꡣ
ûԼԣƾȥٻʱ򣬸˵ҲԪ
ĬţԪһʡĵһԼʵ
ȴҲڿЦĶġ
˵㲻Լôûİɣ֮ǰҸԺԺܼ򵥣ûţⲻҲԺ԰ô
߳ԺĽŲƮƮģԺԺһĿ
ô˵Ҳ飬»ǻȽҪ
ȥʱÿһͷ컨Ϳ֬Ů˴
ŮϴЦСȴһֱ˵Сһ仰ûӦ
Ů˿״ƽߵһ˵ѽүˡ밲ˡ
˱ͦһվԭأ˵ĽЦûκλӦѾ֪ݡ
үϾҪ˫ϲˣףˡ
䵭˫ϲ
˵ţŮ˻ش𣬾͵Ҳ檡С裬Ϳ͡
߰һź°ǹŮˮأ
ȴһֲɢϢֱӽԺ
СϹ֮ǰȻͬЦ⣬ýŴſڣذɣҼү˵ôףҲġ
踮ĴǰϣýŶ˶ţ
һ͸ųȻϻӵĴСǰŵעòӦ
Ȼ˴ҲˣȻֻǵȵĸôҲš
ѾΪˡ
˸Ĵ䣬˯һݣŷɺС˯һݣȻһݡ
ƱϵǮׯܶһϵƱԾֱӴ˶ʣµĻ˰Ӵ
СϴǣŲʮ´Сһ·ȻԼԴ˶ûӡ
λȥʱСӶˣҲˮһŵһֻŰڼװվţͷԵˮ档
С棬ȴһֱûɿ֡
ִûΧֻͷ΢΢úעŰӣƤͷ
ʵСӿƵӴҲֻǺռ˷ͷŸվſˮ
ʵϣСһһ̶֣С־ܴ󣬽
˻Сվˣȴϻش룬Сӱڻ
ĽĽȥС磬ҴҪˮͳȻݲ衣
Ȼ棬Сǵİϡ
Ȼ
Ȼʧһ˵˵СʱôЦÿɿˡ
ҲСʱ򡣡
ȻоԼСˣ
ĽĲһǹһߣݲ裬ϸ㵹˸ˡ
ȻǸƷˣҺϲӹţר˽̵ȻⷽǣҲеõġ
˵ϱַ죬ûмѬôá
ĽЦʱѧһ㡣
Ȼ⻰ȣȴû¶ϣΪʲô˶ϲĽˡ
ǳ׽ŵԣǳ׺޵λ̫󣬸õйͬԣɪ
ǰȻΪĽֻÿɸӴԽͷʵϲ毺õò
Ȼ룬һز¶ֻݰʵ


100 
ֻںƯһ,ŷ򲻶ԣƯٶҲ죬ҹĻٵʱӻЩ롣
Ǹʵͽĺ,˵λү,û,ֻίүסڴˡ
ȻӦ޷,ڴϹҹҲһȤζ
ϣĽİСӺ˯źС,ڴϣ˫ֵԺ,Ƕ
Ľϴ˽ϴڳһְֻ§ڻ,һָָֻϵıǡ
Ǹ򣬾ྩ
Ľ,ƺʲôõĻ䣬˵,Ժȥྩ𣿡
Ľı仯һҲӲĸ֪,§ø,΢סڵ˫
ȥ
Ľû˵ྩԲǸõطŰ,Ҳûôˡ
ôһ룬ĽİԴѴǼⱻϤϢţ˶
˵Ҳƭ㣬ġ
˴˸ϱӣᣬȴޱȼᶨƾٿԣ־ڱصá
ĽġšһܰľʲôҶһֱŰ
ǹֻϧҹ˿õ
շ˳ʱŹһ㣬վڴͷĳȻӵ
ֹСʱͣӱϣȥѴڰߵϣкλ´
ˮ΢ŴֻҲҡҡλΡ˸ȳﱧСӣȵزڵϡ
漴תĽ֣С´
Ȼһ´βŸո¶ϲԶںүˣ
ԭǳȻͯԴյȻţÿվͯȺ򣬽ǵڶգ͵ȵˡ
Ȼ𣬴ֱӻش塣
Ȼ˵Ҷˣϻȥô˯ˣסҼң֪ͨӸ磬һҡ
ҡͷɫ磬ʺϻء
û˵꣬ͿһʮϤӰţǰ
˵ܲٲܲپ͵ӡ
Ȼͯ˵һԴӴ峤յţȫ嶼֪Ҫˣÿնϳ̯û¶
˵ɣȴΪжȻٴε󣬾ӵţһֵĻش塣
ߣֻܵϣȻһȥŰݷˡ
ظ˵жн
СԪ飬Ѿӡ󲿷˲֪СԪʲôҲ֪Ǵ￼ȥĵڶүˡ
һȻǺ㡣
˵仰һһΣӸ磬ڵֻ
⻰GһǿɲУү
˵үҲĺ󱲣Ӹ磬ô˵һϰˡ
ûֻ½лˡ
ȥӺţոµӺޱĽı˯İԺɹ̫ԼһѼɨһ顣
ʮûˣ˺һҡ
ȵɨ꣬ŰСӷ̺õĴϡ
СһۼˣڴڣúϢֱӾ˯ˡ
һжʰãָȥ˲
ϱҲĸĽ棬ÿ붼һ
Žӽ棬ϴߵĴæûüӣŵɵúúóԡ
Ҳȷʵˣһֳͣ¿ӡ
ĽǱҲóһ棬ʰȥϴ룬ȥ˴峤ҡ
Ϊ峤ĵһ仰һǡϲСԪ
ȴ峤ó飬һĸ֣һʶ
⡢ũɣ㾭Ա׫ģ
ףǣѧŨҽԺȥѧϰⱾʱġ
峤˵á֣Ž͵ҿʼ߸ͬͬգﻳɣȴҲ֪㵱ʱҪԺˣûΪ߶㡣
ֵ˵ԼУ棬ҲŵֱӼѯʡǹȻ˽ܵ飬дĺá
Цǰȥǣֹһ飬һӡˢС
峤
󣬴峤ϥ̸˵ʮڸǵľ
Ȼ˵赭д峤ȴܴһֱŬڽ
峤Ҳ˵˴ԴгϢ˺ǴׯҺҲҪӱֵء˻רÑ񣬴Ѻ͵϶顣
˵գ峤˼֡
Щȣ˵峤˵ǼӲȥ϶ѧϰ
峤˵Ҳû취ﻹչ˹źӣרźһӣ
룬˵и飬ֱӰһѧͯɲҪôѧʣ֣ӽ̻˾С
ҲСȥΣա
ϾЩʵ̫Сˣͷ˷ֺܲⱣСӶԳĲȫ
峤㶣˵Լѧ
ǵģܹҪѧϰĺ߰˸Ҳˡ
峤Ѻ̿ڵϣüͷšɡ֣롣
ȥ󣬴峤ʱ㻹һˣ˵˵İ죬ѧ㾭ӡˢҾͰǱֱǽ㾭
峤ԭԼҲֻᲦ̣ԴȥյһԭѧȤû¶ͳҪԭܿö
峤Ҳû㾭飬ϸעͰ̫ˡ
һԶûˣȻ֪㾭жѡ
ԣ峤һҪˣҲѧ浢ɡ
ܹΪ峤ﻹЩīˮģСӴ´ˡ
峤죬Լѧʱʱü˵Ļ
Ц˴ιʮգȥ·գʣҶڴ
峤۾˵ʱ乻ˣͰȥ׼
ߵſڣۻǴѧȡְɣ⽨ģѧܹҲһݹ͡
ҲƴǣֱӴӦˡ
˼գúдȥ
峤ǰҳˮ߲ˣҲûٶʲôֻúϢ;Ͷ١
ŸһŵĽģ峤룬˵ǸúӣԺõġ
л峤
ͬʱ֪˵һűүӰͷ
үӿ֣׵üëһһԴǺǲмȴ¶յź顣
Ҳ˵˺ǲ׼ôôһ֪Ҫš
źүӵˣѾԴ˼ֲˡ
үߵˣԼʮ߰꣬ϸȥϴ˵ҪүӴĵˡ
үӵĿķǱʾ޻˵
Ҳ֪һԼˣү̬ͱˡᵽֻжԼүӣ˵ҪСԪΪͽ
үֻŲŷ⣬װԼû仰
ʱҲǰΪûиȦӵݰ˶ǿ֮˾СҲװ
үӾ˵˵û뵽ĸС
ʮûչˣոӺֵ̬öиദ졣
ܲͽΪʦԸ̫ðɡ
ԣү¾ʱ仰ȿСһдʲô
ǣڲŷһ˲䣬үǿĵЦݽϡ


101 
ү˦ˡ
Ȼ֪Щ,ûΪԼͶ˺ܶʱ֣֪Ϊд˾һλʦ̵ˡ
鷨дúһ£ܲͻԼһˡ
֪ȻûеõүӵĻظ,һҲ,үǳԸŹ֡
Ҫһžܴ,˹¡
֪Ҳֻʦ;г䵱·,ԼôүӣǾ͵ÿıˡ
شĵڶ죬̤Խʱ˽ӽһ·,ɫȻʣֻ˵̬
Լ·ʱ,Ųûô
ǰǸŴֲ¡ķϲҾʵ念,ɺӰࡣ
ľܹǻᷢ仯ġ
ӽʱʱ͸,˵ͽݱĹٲҲ쵽ˣûȥӭӡ
ٲڷŰʱϲ,ǻֱӰϲ͵漮
˴λҲΪ,Ѿûڴĳ,Լˡ
ǰĽĹϵԸļĽĻԶԶĴ
峤Ľ̬ȺͰȫ,ۿȴֲұֵ̫ԣҪȻᱻĸ֡
֮ǰҪĽȥǣĽ֮࣬ȴҲĽĻñȴá
ϾڸǾĿףϼҴڣĽĻͷĻشؿշ
˭ûϵټ֮ʱĽȻĽǰ˵ûС
СĽĹϵãڵڶջרŴźȥĽġ
֮ǰĽߵʱСѾӣӶˡ
СĵһǸкİװ֣üĿ仹ܿСӰӣǸĺӡ
ĽĿ޵ӹǲҲۡ
С˵ɲǣճǻر䣬һֱŵûҶϹΪչ˵ϸ
ĽЦЦȷʵ
漴£Ÿո߹קԼ۽ǵСӣԴ˵С塣
С׸Сϴ򲼣ôãСѾǲסȴҲҲʮ׽
á
ССӳĴ󷽿ɰޱȹɡ΢΢ſ𾪵ļҪ˵
ʲôﶼ޷С˿ĵ𺳣˻ҵԼ˵СҲ̫ˣҲĺӲһ͸˵ĳŵĸһ
Ȼ˭ϵСӳôһƫƧСɽ壬İ֮ǰ߲ء
ǣС˵仰ʱȫûʵվǰĽģŵĸ
ĽѲںЩСĻһԼ뷨ûС
˵ǰԴ̵ĺá
СүǲһҶ˵ˣźǿسǻǮٵġ뻨Ǯ˾˺ҲԵ٣
ĽĵЦЦûӦ˼һ˺㣬ܹԼΪõ϶ѻ
ʵҷȴûб¶Ҫٵ˼ĽĵȻҲļƻ˵ȥ
СһˣĽĴСӰ͵ſڡ
ĽѣСӾ˵ߺá
ǵС˶ţ˵ģյ
Ľü۽ǶЦ⣬Ǿһ
󣬱ϲĹٲһС̤֮ǰεһٲ󻹸һȺϲˣǵ˴ھͿʼġ
峤ſڵʯϣƼһȺˣٲ·СȺ˺棬һЦݲá
ʮµļٴĴ󲿷˶ӼǹٲҲǣһֱЦǺǵģׯںûһΧȦ
ĽҲѴɨ˼׼˵ġȲ裬ȻһװͭǮĺ⡣
ǸСӺЩ˵ģϲٲȻǳ
ǹٲ˵һϲĻӺʵ£ˡ
ٲ̬˿˸ǲҵֵϲ
˵ϲˣǷҪϯϾǸֵص顣
һ£Ǿܾˡ
Ҳ룬ҪŽǸţôģδԵ̫Ժܿоˣٻˮϯ
ӺЦţǰǵȫҾףذС
ؼҵĵ죬ѧȡ֣ԼӺд֡
װѺѧſڣģӣңǵðչʾ˿ġ
ԼдĲ⣬ػ˺ֱܶ࣬Եŵʱϰ
ϾĻֻںѧҼ꣬ʮꡣ
пܿ𣬵ȴںϸڣдԼ⡣
ӭ˵ô˿
ԭ򻹴͸㣬СӴһЩľˣ
Ц£ɡɱҲ
˵ôᣬɨӭ
˵˻ϲĻ롣
Ҳǵգ֪ԭҲԺǺӣҲԺ顣
ȻȥμѧʱǸ߰˷ƵˣԱ˳ƺΪ֡
ȴɫɺϡ
ʱûĶύҲ˵Լϳ¡
⵹ߣԸύ
ֻֻһ棬ǵʱóȻȥǰк˵ԼϵãΪҲ̫׵ˡ
˵꿼ţֻϧôãȻš
˶٣˵˵⻰Ҳû˼ܸ˵Ҳɺϣֻ˴ԺԷŰдļȥ֪ԭԼһλСԪ
ǰûʲôԵʻڷֲͬ
ͯš
ټÿջؼңǽӴĻ͸١
˵ȻҲԺһҪúġͬ磬Ҳûա
˿ӻбԼύóȻкʹϵʵ䷴ר鷳׸˵һ
ҲǸˣ˵һȻܾ
ܹȥҲתָ࣬Ϊͬȸ˵һҲǸˡ˴򽻵Ȼ̹ܶࡣ
ǰһ죬ѧѧҲĿˡ
صǴ峤ҵ᷿ʰշһСģһԴһĺӡ
峤ĸӣҲϣæ죬ڿ̺ң͹᷿м䡣
峤Щò׼Ƿ͹ء
˵һͲףѧȻǿԵġڹأʱͨ
֮Ǵ峤̫ʦ࣬Ҫĺӱ״ؾصĿͷȻ峤һһٵ÷ԼŹٻ˵ѧϰء
ӹ꣬վߵ
ºȴ֣ص˵ϣΪһڷܣŬָ׷ˡ
ͻС˼Ӱܾá
õ󣬶廰˼ȻǰС
˿̣Ŵ峤ѧȫûԤϵԼصǺ֪˾ȻΪһλĽѾõ鷨ң


102 
һٴȥǣߵȻˮ·
ûһô,Ǹϴû,Ʈëë,СӱȥװϿˮҲֻܹԹԴڴ
С¸ǵľۿɼٶȽûһѾڰˡ
Ľ,ûֱӰڴϣǵС˯֮,ĸЬ,
𽥴ҲŨ񣬴еĴ,Ʈʪ˱졣
ôһ,ھԵʮֻ谵
ĽһôãѾĬ
ȼ͵ƣóīֽ⣬
ԼǸµˣϱӳΣôա
ʱȴϲЩ⾳ľɫ
ⲢΪ˵õӹ,ǶôѾӡȤ
ĽһΪĥīһĿġüۡ
ԴС,ÿθ̸˯ʣʱ򣬴Űݺͳ硣
峤˵ģΪ˸ͻȻһȣΪֹҲʮ˾곣еĸꡣ
˿̣ĽľԼҷȻǳȵģȴĸǶҪ档
ĽͻȻЩԱųѾŬˣ밢֮ľ뻹ԽԽ
̧ͷĲĽЩԡ
һϽĺдº͵Ц⣬ĽȻɫ±ʣ֣ĽĵĶͷ
ˡ
ĽԺģоԼ·£ʶҪȴסһֻϤ֡
˯УҲ֪ǰ֡
漴ɵжɣԼ̹ϵĽ
ոñӹסĽģһһϲܣŸӡ
ڼֲϵظιˮԴٽٴл
ûвҩֻķӸСɽ¡
ٵİ¹ٴ
ֵѮʣ򷴸޳ĽĸһôöûθǺʹڣӹܲסôˡ
纮ȣһ㶼ͷʹһ㣬֫գʹ
ƫƫĶУҲʹԴ
ĽؾյҹյʱһǿĵᣬȻʶ壬ȴ֪ĸ첲֡
ۡ
ǳǳգΪȶ̺Ƥ磬ԣޡ
ĽĲ֪ʲôΣί˵Щλ
ûʶȻȻӲɫ
СϢʱãԼһСӰ࣬˰ҹԺ˻ز⣬ʱ䶼ûڡ
˯úǳʶԼĶͷ꣬˵
ɫʱ۾һ˯ⶼûС
룬ԼȻ֪궼һˣȴȻԱ
Ľķʱ˵λһֱ֪Сĵġ΢
ҪʱĽıֵúýţСɶӦ磬һҲ檵顣
Ȼʱý˵ףǲֱӾܾģµĶ䲻Լҷ
ҪȻ㷸֮߳һƶʡ
Ҳ͸ٻؼҵʱ򣬼ýȻĽǶӣȴȻҪһԡ
ΪĽûֱ˵ľܾýš
ΪѾ㹻⣬ȴû뵽һ£Լһ¡
ӵһ ϲһˣ˿֮ţ벻һĽķӡ
ô۾ֱɫϴ󣬴ˮ
еɵɺõˣˮһֱţҪ˾֪һ
˵лˡ
ĽĵѾˣͷСޣɫյġ
ĹСҲˣǵһ ձԼ
ⲻСճŰհˮڴߵİϣͼСıǣӴȥŰ
ߵߣСӰԼıӣȫϵʧ䡣
תº͵꣺ɻܣ
ĽҡҡͷüۣԼѱĻ
ǹ˳˵첲ȺᣬͷҲһۡ
ܵСӱצӣ
˯һٱС˼һ˵Ͱ
ּۻۣ
Сצһ£˵㡣
Сͣˣ꣺ȥ֣Сιôˮ˵˲ٺҲǱز١
Ľһ£Ȼͷ
Ѵҹó˿ô̷ʲôԡ
ĽĹͷźŰҹóȥһϴֺ󣬸ĽİϴĶõϣ˵˳磬ٹһʱܵˡ
ؿ͵ĴڴβһС䣬Ͱȵϰĵط
һȻԼȥĽȻ
Ľ˯þãҲû˯⣬𽥻ָϵĲҲˡ
СӴ·˵ˣӲǷţȥ濴
̫ˣɽּ仹ˮ
Сſͷ˻˵ء
ţ

Цˣ˵á
ɴ࣬һ˳ԹûҲ͵˸ǵͷ
һţȰѰӱȥٻͷѴҲȥ
ţСһֱǣŰ֣СС
ƽﵽĽչСӵʱ࣬ҲĽȺ˯ţŻȥ֡
Сֻչ˰ҹȻҪĿˣĽġ
ԣСһʵϲġ
=
ڴգټ·ϵʱ䣬Ǹٵһա
óֵҽſͣһ£Լȥҩ
ȴҽݴм˵żҩʱ䣬һ𿴡С
һǵһ ַദģʽ
˵ҲǡҲϲ⡶Ӽǡˡ
ȻУôģ
ҡҿǸеģڼҿֶñҵȡ
ֵܣͬ˰С󣬶һؼȥ鷿һһٺᡣ
ȥ¸ĽģһĲš
ȫûϵԼдĶᱻϲţðšȡķտ
ȻصҺСһݸС˵үƹģ˵ԺÿݶһΡ
ݸСȻе߰ҳ
С費ʶ֣Դ֪Ĳ࣬ɨ˼ֺۣ漸ҳ߶ԡӼǡۡ
ԭС˵һҳǸǵش⣬漸ҳһЩȤ£רŵͶ䡣
ǰ³ϲ񵭵ġӼǡƫƫ߸ţֻܰԼ뷨ͶͶ䡣
ƹЩʵеģܳڸС档
ʵӼҲͶ壬ǸС˵Ͷ߶ѷһС
ġ߷ȷʵչֳƹġ
ҩ󣬾Ľ̯һҳܿɨ
Ľߵó죬ҸŮףϣҲôҸ


103 
ҩѾжʱˡ
ǰҳһֱûȥ,Ľĵٶ,ʵЩ
ŻѡԼµɨһ顣
˸ոǶ,滹һЩƵģ϶һ仰ֻһռ˽һƪ
ȥ
дߣ
֪ܷ񿴵дţĻкܶ,д
мܿͲ˺,ƶųˡ
,Ӧͬ䣬ֻϧҵڻûкӡȻǿƣҲһֱŷ檡Т޺Ϊ,Ϊҳû,ҵ̬ȴ꺮ůĲŲʡ
ǰˣճİ·
ԭƹŷƽȡġӼǡҸıԼ뷨
ѾֵĽȴд
ָңŬ˲Żõү,һֱҸ
ǰ֣Ը
뿪㿪һµ,ϣӼǡܸСһһֱСҶж
ƽϲ֡
ɫķһҳĽġ
Ľĸպһҩȥɶϰڵ˫
һᵽɤ۶ȴָҩײϣܹԣȻ죬еҩȥſƲסԡ
ļ˳
ģСӺᱻǺ
Ľ΢ԲСӱȣǲСġ
üһϱӻ˶ʮ꣬ⱲֻУʮĽĿɲǸô
ĽĿȺˣҩע⣬ںȵʱȥԼҷͲᱻǺ
źҩѾףʱ򣬸һǡ
ҩ˺᷸ȥϢ
ĽĹȻܸӴ˸Ƿʱ򣬻ϸС
գȥԺС̵÷Ӽҩ弸飬ˮù̶
ĽĸСι˷Լȥ鷿λдš
˫մɫĶ̴򣬲ܴ·磬էһᵱǸ
Ҫβ·ɰ뻹ڣĽĶҪˡ
˫һڣϤĵЦôŵˣ
Ľ˵ɲǣʮû㣬ⶼҪϲˡ
˫ᳵ·ĽߣһһСɾִ³֣˵ǻӲдôôдأ
ĽİԼյ߷˵ˣüڵϧ
Ҳ֪ǹʲôõķչҾһ
ٴơ
ϾʮĴ껪Ժ󳤰ƹŷ𣬶һ˵ô̡
˫пģҼˡ
Ľд󣬸±ʣѻŷһɣ͸ֽµüϡ
ĽɫǳŸ͸΢΢Ľ۵һӰ
û˫˵˫˫ңʲôҪ飿
ĽУԴ˫ʼѧ·Ͳ˲Ծǻ˫ӣĽıûڡ
ʣ˫˵·㡣
ĽȻţҲ֪Լʲʲô
һϾǰ꣬ڼ䣬˫ĸ׸Ľ˵Щ󣬹Ȼ˫ڼҵʱȥĽġ
Ԫ¡ڼ׼ԺԣĽҲϾ˼
ҪĽĶû˫úõ˵Էˡ
˫϶Ǽ򵥵ɡ
ȻĽôһʣ˫й㣬ġҡԼߵĶ·ȥ߹ĵطȥȥ˵׾Щɽˮ˵ԼɽŵʯͷϿ֣һһҪһġ
ĽĺһСײϣһ˻ȥ
һ𣿡
˫ĽĵĻɴ۾ģ㲻Ǵ治㡭ֻڵҡ
ĽֻΪֲɵʶ˫ô˫ֻЩص쾰Ȥ
ϵ˫ģӵĶѲµʲô
ĽûҲû˵
˫սߣ˵ѣҾֻһ֪ҵķš
Ľٴվ˫ȫǷŭ
Ȼ˫ķţΪʲôȥôףҲõ˵
˫һĽĵ񣬾֪˵ʲô
ЦЦɷģˡֻǴѲҲ˺صˡ
˫ȻЦţ˵ģ㻹ǵ˵СʱرС˸첲˶ܿһô
Ľſڣȴûü˵˫ɤұ۶ûˣ˱仯ܴҡʵöΣûϳ֮ϳȥ죬ȥµһŲȿˮˣȥġ
ĽѾ𾪵ȫ֪˵ʲôá
ԭ˫ķôһֱߣȴŵΪԼȱֻѡĬĬš
ˮﱧҵʱҾ֪ˡ쵰ϰȴܵı˭죬׷׷ҵʱĻ˼ºֻҪҾͼ޸˫Խ˵ԽȷʵˣֻϸҸӣ˵ʲôܲף˵ˣԼҲͽˡȷʵûʲôϵˡ
Ľļ˫Ȼߣ۾ȴģֻǺе㱯롣
ҲǷŲҵΪҲô࣬ȴһˡ˽ҷֵʵûô۰ңֻΪ˳ȫԼƵͷŲһֱڼ˵ֻҪҲҹʮͿԸƷ
Ľĺ𾪣Ʒ
˫Цˣʮ̹ʣԣҾ˽ˡҸҵ˵ˣµ;оĵĴߡʱʲôѣһ
ĽĴһܺõߣű˵뷨Ҳѱ˵˽˵ȥ
һ㣬ۡ
˫˵õѣԺģʱٰϸĽܸʶ˵л;е㣬Ϳдøϲμǡ
Ľû˫ʲôʱߣֻԼ´μʱ䡣
˵˵ˣһðʱҲŻμǶд
˫ЦȻˣʱҼСһμǡ
˫ߵʱûȥĽĵ۾С˵ǸҲʶֵģֻЩҽö飬Ҳżסˡ
˵꣬첽ߣҡˡ
ĽĿĶӵıӰС˵ʵµ˰
=
ߣһ絽Ժ󣬽͸·ֵŵļװࡣ
½ͬ
ɻûҵɫܼһʱЩɻ
½˵үӽҪԺˡ
ӣ
ʱ֪ȸߵѾ˽⣬ټҲϲ֣ԶԡϡƺϤ
鷨ңϣ
½ͷ˵ǰԺˣֻȥˣŲ֪Ҫ嶤飬ԭҵ;˵˵ϿԺ߾ɫãСסһʱ䡣
˵꣬½͸üŪۡСסǲζŴҿǰȥˢڸô
˵ԼͽĻҲ¸ǣϾǿھǶ鷨ң
ֻҪָһ䣬ǳ


104 
ϵĿγ̽,еѧûȥԷ,վԺſΡ
ǰܸ,żһȻ
½Ѿ,ȴһֱûᡣ
ܺͳȻΪŻؼȥ,Ҳ֪´ʲôʱԺ½Ǻܻջġ
󣬿ŴҶܳȥռλӣհүӵķˡ
½Ҳɿĳȥһ䣬Ұռλ
˵꣬ҲǷͬ⣬ܵûӰˡ
߳ãܿվȺǰĿ½Ϊ濪ȣռ˺ܴضҲ,֡
ߺλӣ
Ĭ,룬Һ½ûк֣ҪȻ̫ˡ
߹ȥ,˵ҴȳԷ
סڳǣÿߵԺûСʱϳԵǵ㶫ȫ֧ѧ硣
½˵㡢㲻Ҳܾ𣿡
ͷǰ,˵ŵվʲôʱȥ
½һʱȻ޷ȻĬĬջԼȣǡһȥԷ
ҲС
˽лر½ζƫϹϺӡ
Ǳ嵭ĳʳԼһԱȣо½ͺʳ˼̻һ
ͻȻЩȻˣһ⡣
Ȼ˵ףŲܿԺˡ
ԺĳȱѾΧһȦһȦѧȥĻվǰˡ
룬ɵȣȥѧж߼㾭
Ϊѧ̣ȹѧտǶæİ꣬
ַ˷˹ֵ˫ַᵱֵ
ôʵַ൱ֵһ죬Ͼն˫
ַЩ˼ȴѰĵֵ㡣
ôˣܹо㾭ʱ࣬ﵱֵһҲʲô
ַŴӦӻǾռˡ
˵Ⱦơ
ȥǻַỹˣСͶȡɣΪľԼһ㡣
˫õֵʱ䣬ҲûмŻؼңȥ۲飬һһ硣
㼱ŲμǣԽŲ꣬Ȼڼ䱳ƾ飬ѧʫԣѧվ
˵ˣСɶĸӼǡμǡҰʷҪࡣ
ԣԼꡣ
ʱԼ΢΢ЩĸϢĥ
ڿƾ·ϣ˵ͷܺãǿĶϸ£֮ǰԡԡԺһϵˡ
ժýԪڵҰģû׼̡
˵ѧϰ
ҪȥμǵĻҲμһ˵ڼеãȴ׵ľ
ǲμǳھֻʣһµʱ䣬һֻΪƾٿ׼ʱ¶
˵ÿʱ֡࿴ЩչԼ֪ʶ鼮
ѧ½ԴȤ󣬽Ųһȥ˸ھ۲
ȥʱѧĽǶûƲŴҴҸ
Ʒɫƫף̫ͷɹˡ
ҵϵôãֱҪɹƤ
ȻûжǾ֤ϻûƺ˲裬˵վסˣҺÿƾٿԶкŷȻԪ֪ܲõ
û£Ȼһ󻶺ϣ
Ĭˣв豭ǰŸջϾ͵ˣ
˵ҪհϵķˣվѧſڣҲǿġ
ƵȻ֪ڰοϾǿԶһǾԺһӭˡ
̾˵־д֣Ϊζִԣ
ٴ̾Ϣ㲻
үӴȥ˺Ժ˵ǸˣΪǸǵˣܲ𣿡
һɫףװ˵ĺе
˻һŻҲ̴С˹˹ʵλ˵ҪҸ˰æ̧λʱ䣿
˭ܾ
Ķҵ£оҸ̫ͻȻˡ
ҪǴ󲿷ѧ棬ϾסԺѧһǽ֮ҲѹС˻ˡ
浽ϵԺ˼ҵ涼û͸С˹̧
С˼˵лʩԮ֣ĶҵԼһ̧ʱĵĶǾ͵òʧ
վһߣҲǸ˴֣ѽ̨֮ġ
ȵߺС˶ͦñֱֱӽԺӣ϶ʯϣĻиոչų
гඦ˰ˡ
۵ֱһò裬Ž˵ϣȻԸΪͽôڵԺ
үԼĲ裬˵ţĵ
Ҳش𣬡ϷǵʳԶ֮ˣ뵱ͽܣȹһزС
ඦ˵Ͽԭ򣬼ȻװС˹Ҳֱ˵ոնûһ̧ʱҲѹ֣ΪףԼǱ߳˸
˵ඦϣﵽװʲô˵ģҪոչңҪˡ
ϼ׼ȥǰӣϸıͱסˣʯվܵıȳඦ졣
Ϸʲôʱ׼㷭ӣ
ඦɵװʯͷɣ
ϣϷǵ֮ˣ
ඦ֮䣬ҲоԼˡ
˵绹һʫҵȥ֣ˣϣСӸոûϳ
ȷʵûϳϾĳǷ棬ΪֹǸǶ˵ĵ䷶
һͷСϳɳඦ
˵ˣֲǺ죬Ҳǲμʫʱңң档
ȴЩ֣ո̧ǸС˵֣ûһӣ˫ŵ֡
ָûʲôϵҲ䡣
ϼඦˣոջŵŲ豭۾Ʒ裬͡ҽѲ豭£ܵǰ
˵գͱճµĲµˡ
֮ϴӣȷʵһʯͷ
ЩʯͷȴҲ򵥣ֲڣкܶףǽˮʵĹЧ
ȷʵûʲô
ϱʯͷ⼸ʯͷһŵԺұߵˮ
ţʬ𼣡
룬һҪдֱ֣һ㹻ҪȻдҲġ
̧ʯͷҲһĿĿ
ϣһ䵽ˡ
սͿϱһʯͷ
ඦ
ʯ߳ŭŲŵ𣿡


105 
,Ȼඦ,ǾǸֳɵ
үӲٿ,ѵһʯͷᵽˮرϡ
ϲ,ֻүӶ£ڳرߴ,ÿһ߱Ǻš
Щʯͷඦ濴ƿ׶ܶ࣬ǿоģȴʵʵֳġ
ඦոհȥʱҪø첲סʯͷŷһΰü顣
үһˣָָֻסһʯͷȻĽڵ㣬һһİʯͷȥ
ඦΪүֻڶ,,񡭡Щʯͷȷʵõġ
ʱˣڵøϽţʫỹɲ
=
ȥ,ճĬ顣
ֱ¸§СڴϣŰϵ˵
,Ǹûᣬһᾡȥȡ㲻ܳΪϵĵӣҲõָ㡣
ĽĴ۶Ϊˣ͵ο΢ƵĹ⣬Եüǵɰޡ
΢΢֧ϰȥɤЩɳƣϴˣ
Ľᡮšһ˫Ѿɣīɫķɢξߢ
һι¥ڻȴС֫Ϊ׼
ǵüȸΣһֱֻ§ɣ˳Ȼͺá
ĽĹ˳ĸ֫С˵͸ѻˡ
Ѿԭе飬ദĵεΡ
˵㵱ʱСӵʱ򣬲Ҳûô˳Ȼô
ңǴôһϺӵġ
ĽԣСӣüۼޱᡣ
˵ţСʱ˵ͦиȻǻ̫죬ĽվΨһķɡȸ˵Һöˡ
⻰ֱ΢΢ͰԼϣ
ĽЩɬС˵
ţ
Ľı۾ʲô
һĻش𣺡и
ĽģҪ
ϣĽĻ·ʱЩ΢΢˱죬ȥ׼緹ˡ
ᵽϣĽľֶ죬ܸоԼǶ
ڵ࣬ͰԶˡ
ĽĻʱϸһ£ı뵽һЩ顣
ϳ꣬ǰһֱסھǣĽǾʿҲΪ֡
ڳԷʱĽ˵Щһûʱʢоٺұμӹٰᡣ
˵ϵʱҲȥˡΪĲǱģһˣɶ
Ĭһ£оϺͻи๲ͬԡ
ϲĻǺŹǣ⡣ˣһصġ
Ľŵģ⽫Լ˿ǽǵͷ
СɺСÿһǣԼԺȥ
źǵһǰסСԪÿ¶»׺»
ԣѧ쵽»ס
»ױվҪãѡĶף׿ҲĸɸɾմԽǻԵһ뿷һײ֪Ҫ϶١
ùһںСһ£˷ѣҲҪǰϡࡣ
Ϳƫһ㣬Ӳȥᵹ
ǰֻСȴǶǾͷӱԡ
˽ûһҲˡ
ţǽεʦȻ˾ٵĽ͡
͵Ͽη֮ǰĽɼֱر𡣽ɺô˵Ȿĵڼҳʲô
ȫ飬뵽ĶĶ
ʲôط˵ͷͷǵҪڵңӦ
Ҳκ󣬲Ŵⲻܲμǡ
ҪȻīˮĲá
˫ѧַᵱֵ
ѧȥ۲һЩƼ鼮
ԺѧֻϿڼܼͣȴԸԪƽ۽
вĶѧǾ۷棬ֱѯʽԪ
ȻǺŹǡżĽ˶צҲԪһݡ
Ǽ鼮ȥԷ
Ϊ˵⼸鸲㣬ǳܶ˶ģȥ˾͵õ˻ܿ
ãȥʱһƼ˽ˡ
ȵȥʱ򣬴󲿷˶ԵĲˣȻлȲƷͱϴһա
һݳʱߣ˵ġɶȥһСа趹
һнĴл緹ʢ
ඦ꽻үԺסߣ
ȻûС˴ˡ
˳˷Ժ߱ʳܿߵ
ඦЦζͦƣϲԶ
үͻȻпֻϧҲԲɶˡ
ඦ˵⻹򵥣ҸຼĳӣԶ٣ԡ
ϣԵöˣ𣿡
ඦȻƢŹ֡
赽飬ûԺֱӻؼҡ
ĩܸоС׼
ʱĽѯҪʲô
˵˵ʲôţҪ鶯ӡ
Ȼ֪С׼ʲôоʱԼһܴľϲ
ΪݾϲҲԼҪӲ¡
ʮ֮꣬󣬱ԷӹڣҪе˵ˡ
ȻصӹڻǸҪʽ
ĽĶԴҲʮֿء
ǰЩӣĽľ˳ɫϺõĲϣҲСæԼָ·
·ѾãĽֿʼЬס
й涨ݳ⣬ûй˲ܴѥӡ¹ٵѥӺԱѥҲкܴͬ
ĶǲЬڿţͷϿԴˡ
ֻϧԴûʲôȤֱһ
ûйĴ磬ҲΪȶС
ؼҺ鷿飬Ľ͵͵ݷ춫쵽һţðѶ
ÿʱͻչһ壬ȥԺԳš
Ľػؽ𽥵ر
ؼСɻҸӣĳһ۾ָϽƲĿ⣬ĺ§ڻһĥг
ԼʱܼļԲȶ
ˣ
ɻɶĽĵͷ
֮ǰղˡ԰ʳоҡЩӡ󡣡
֪С˵ĴӡǾǿˡ
ϾǰǸһμǣ߼
ĽĳŰʳдЩʳļûУʱˡ
ŵӣơϺס͵ȣСȥ׼
ȥ֣
ǰظǣǷɽɫͼһ룬ͷˣȥ
ΪߣûС棬һ˹Թȥ˯
ϣرǡ
Ҫϴ裬СӶš
ȻСӱڻŰЩίɫӲĳĸˮ衣
ĽϴóˣΪ˺СӣͰԼϣСӡ
Ȼ󣬿ʼظԳš
лҪ˵Ƕ
ɶԡ԰ʳ
ȥƤÿгʮƬɡƣ¶λһ飬úһ豭Ϻһٶʮ޴ϺףСϺٸȽϺ׹һʱһСٹһأһ飬ٹһأϸаһٶʮΣ


106 
СһŸ´,ƽʱԷҲ,нӽʮ
ڻﵱȻûʲô,Գš
ѳ۵°Ҵ,㣬ֻƺŵأӼιǵźһбߡ
ƽ￴ݵʱԳͼ⡣
Ǹ׼ĸԳơǸ۾СӵĻ
Ȼ򻹱Ƚ,˵ŵҲ䡣
ټոոСӲ,Ծûļа,ֻһºͿӣ¶Сźһֱۡ
С֪ǵڸϷ,ŴЦúܿġ
ɿֱ֧Լ¡̧ߡ
̫,ΪܻС˦ȥҲ̫ҪȻʧȥϰ塣
ʮʱ,ֻ˶ʮ˸
ˮڶͷۣеֱӵ£е˳,۵Ǽһεڵϡ
Ľ֪ʱӰ찢ٶ,ֻܷС,ҵı
ȵһ꣬ĽķɿİСӱڻָݲ
,ճȵӳ΢Ƶ⣬ȫȻǶ̵ĳ硣
Ϊոĺۣ˲ٺŸͦıɢҵķ˿Ϊ˶¶һСضǣ͸һ޷ԸС
ȥۣ¶Ѿˮʪ¡
ҲȥˣʵѾҪյΪССӷȣûö˵
˿̣ľȡ
ŴʵǺܶȵļʵʵ
ϱѧڼ䣬ȥһӢڴӢݼ˷»Ϻͼ
ͼűЩŵӡİǴ඼СȣЩԸ·ˣҲŰ·¶ֱۡ
ǰڴʱͯ·ڴҰĶС
˵һԼಲʵ
ڶ鸩ԳŵʱֱӾڱϵСӵ٣ſ

һ˲䣬е㲻֪Լ仰ǲ˫غ塣
⵽˵ڶ鸩Գţ˵
ĽķӦĿ죬ȵӻˣ
ȻӺܲӵ˵һ
һԳţһ˵СӸոմټƽʱһԲѧ䡣
ϾӻС֪˵һҲ˼
꣬ĸ첲ڷԴʼѾаûֹˡ
ҲջǾСӺ忪ˡ
Сһ̫ˣίίʱֻǲ˵ĬĬӡ
С
ոСӿޣԲűŷӺġ
=
ۿžҪĩĶʮüӹȡˡ
Ȼʱ䣬д룬ר̴ӸΪ˲μļӹ
Ҳһ⣬˵Լ˻飬ʵڲܳ߶źܲμļӹ
ǾȣΪͻСôŶȢޡҪȢҲǳȻȢ
û뵽Ȼ߻ɫңСѾǰһˡ
ȻźŭСӲԼֹϲôô
Ц͵ĺϢˡ
ҲдŻȥ˵ԼӹڣصԺѯǷпա
ɷ˵ŵݣڨڨȻҵΪȡˣ
û˵ɫЩÿӣǻشĻ
ʱԼҴСӶףû˵ڣͱˡ
ǻӵƶ޸ĸףиġ
һ겻СԪԼ׫ˡũɣ㾭͡ѧ㾭飬鼹϶֪˵ӡ£
һۼ۶ģôˣĲϿ϶ǰ档
һ㣬˵޸ĸףȴԱ֪ʶϾ֪˿նÿ嶼һסũɣ㾭
˵ˣ׫У߶ƣµԪ
Ĳ˵˶֮ģʮСӴꡣ
Ҳ˵ʮеţֿ֮ǣȫɽ
עƾٿԵǸʱΣƾһҫ΢ǣСԪֱ֮Ӳμǣһپ˽Ԫ
ҪĸʣûȥТ˵ͿԵãʥμӵˡ
ôһȻѧ˺ѡ
꺮μԺԣͳȻĵ͡
ʱÿӦ˭룬ܾܿơ
ȻҲ뵽˵ʱ˵׵飬ǻϣ
ҵСӻûװɣʱȥ˵ס
û˵꣬ͿЦʱôڣСûףǼô
ѧ
ҲֻǸ˶ѣСԪⶼԼı¡ʱȥҪ˵׵飬˶ΪǼҼ˲ͬˣǾ˺á飻ͬ⣬˵ӶҲס
ԣʱ˵Ǿڲᶨ׵顣Ҷڣ
ϣʣļӹ㻹ȥ𣿡
شǣȻȥ
ȡֵ˲ΪĵһʦҲ൱صĵλ
˵л˵仰
=
ֹ˼գ㵽ӹڵʱա
Ϊ漮ԼҲϲڣǾһǴӼ
ǰһջƻ裬ѾԼõڶռӹڵʱ䡣
ҺĩգԺѧ࣬Ҳֻ˼ԼȽϤˣ½Ҳ֮С
½յź˼ĲԺ֮ǰΪ׵ţһĻһ
Ȼûȥֻ½ԼӼ׵Ȼҵȣûܴܵʧ
յţôģΪĴ̫㣬Żᵼ¶·
½Ȼʵڳݰ͸һ
ܸоԼʱ˼Ĵ¡
ϡɽ֪ˣҲò⣬ǿ϶
峿ϴԷһǰԺ
ĽķƵճʽĹڷ
ȵԺĽĴСһЪϢվӭ͡
ÿߵ䴦ҪͻҾߵǰٴλҾ󣬲ܽš
źסõʱ򣬶òϵػҾŶ˵ǫѷãЩһӶڹ
ΪСʫԻˡ
ɽ֪˶˸ףʣǱ·æǲÿա
ⶼԤ֮ڡףʣҲ֮ϲˡ
ȻЩ𾪵˵ƵڣǻλҲףʡ
ϡ룬ˣԼкûŰݷãҲ˱Ÿ
¼á
ɿǰǴĺʽүӣΪ̫߳ˡ
ϰ˶Ҫ°͵Ķ˼ǿнͣҡҾһ¡

һȺ˸Ӿȡ˵õĸ䡢顢ż㶼յأ
лҪ˵
飬סding
һʫΪɣĺá


107 
һһ,ںðͷɢ,ȥۺ,żϯ
ϴ֮ڷױþߡʢȫڰ
ӹΪ,ʼӡټӺӡ[ע]
ԭҪײͬ·䣬ڼҾһĶ˵ػ·,һдӼ
޹Ϊͷúղסķ١
ʱȥ,ԼҪĹڷ,Լķڡ
ѷڷĽУ˵,ͷˡ
ĽָǱСһ㣬ָΪոսý,ɫ
ŹԼǰĸϷڡ
ú,ҲƾӣΪ˫УѾԼ
ڸӵ˵,ڷɫԢ⣬ʺͰҲǹ̶ġ
Ҳ˵,׹ڷֻһΡ
ȻǮ,Ȼ֧ţԣĽĸ,ƵĹڷƫճһ㡣
ʱЦ˵ҲԸַôõ·ȴֻܴһΡ
Ȼ󣬰񷨣ðݼĸףֻȥλˡ
͵˼ӹһͷϷȡ֡
Ȼӹڵʱδȡ֣ʱܺ׳־˵ȡ֡
поһӲȡֵ־򡣲⵹ôȰͿƾ٣ֻǶԼİˡ
һ˵ֵɳȡ˴඼Լʦȡ֡
ȻҲԼȡ֡
ԭʹԼԼȡ֣˵Դֻ־һƺ
Լȡһ˳ĵģԺ˽ˣҲġ
ǰб߶֪ƷԣСԪʱ˶û԰̬һǫ͡
ʴˣҪԼȡֵʱȻЩȣһ뵽ȴҲӦ
ʱܽɫʮּλˣliaoˡˡ
ƣʲô
˻۴ʦ˸ռӹ֮һ
˻ۣ
µĺУܳͨԤ⣬šµ۵ǻӡۺȴӶҹġ
˾⣬ʱʵš
һȴҲò˵ÿд·ʱ˻۾ͻǰص£һЩ˿Ļȥ
Ȼտʼ˲дĶֱķˣźĪ
˻ۣ˴˵һٶ⣬оʮǰֻԤˡ
ǴֻģЮźԺߣ˲أ˵˹֮
˻۴ʦԤᵽ˼ζҩģ̫ҽǲѸдЩȾ֮˵ķӡ
ںܶУ˻۴ʦѾҪѷ˼ˡ
ʴˣһ⻰һҴҵܣһͿ˻۴ʦŵˡ
ֻŵĿɿڴոսɡܵǸˣ
źصӣߵǸĿɿڴǰ
еŷ⣬ſǸҵģ
ûĻ˵žǸռӹ֮˵ģʱ˵أֻˡ
ĽıСںãǰõûأȻҲЩ
ĽͻȻ뵽ռ޽ǻĸһֱߵһ仰ǡǸиģճ죬һ˵ȡ֣ġ
ʱĽնܺ£⻰ȻϾԺãڻ仰¡
Ľ룬ĸж١Ժֻôɫ֪ȷʵġ
߿Ĵ磬еųʸǣֻһλӹڣȻǸġ
˫ֽӹҾ񣬡л
Ҳͬ񣬡ˡ
룬ȻʱȻ򿪵ġ
𿪻ŷ⣬óűֽطƬףֻ
Ǹֵʱվԭء
֮
ϱǻõĽ΢ţ֣֮
ȡԡҪޡ˼εˡǡô
̬йأǡôҲǳԡ
ͻȻ̧žߣһȺײ˸š
Ȼס˵ȥĶ
ŵأ𣿡
ƵԶˣܳȥʱֻ׷˼ҶҪ׷ˣǸŵܵÿ졣
ܽϣ
죬۹۱ǱǹĵĲ˵ˡ
վԱߵԭڿƺͺܼ֪ǸͷȻǴ鷨ϵʱ򣬲վҪվȡ
ò׻Ϊûˣȡֵʱ򣬷֡˻۴ʦˡ
˻۴ʦȻΪ鷨׻þˣֻ鷨ұٵճǲҲ㹻ÿ
֮˻۴ʦȡ𣿡
⻰һҶˣ˿ԻңֻĺǸӣǣԺ֮
ƵƵǱϢˡ
ڳ˶ϿɵѣŻμԼļӹ
ԣҲû˻١
Ͼ˻۴ʦ·ˣһЩִҴˡ
˵ˣϿ֣û׷˵̲֮סͣдǧơȻʵΣƲ½Ϭ[ע]ǰҾҼһ˻۴ʦ֣ټʦдˡ
ӹѾӽβٴνһš
˵˻۴ʦˣϱ׷ˣϴǷġдˣǡ
ֻ𣬶ûװŷ⣬īδɣһġ
ϴ򿪳һۣȻѸѸֲڻ룬Լһƺˡ
ӹһǾƣμӹġ
Ȼ˵ˣȥˡ
ˣôҲǿһ˻۴ʦְ
=
ϣͳȻһϡ
ûһߣΪ˺ͱ͵÷ֿͱӭȥڡ
Թڴϣеز
룬Լӻ̫ѶˣʱǿӲһ㣬ûбȰ˵Ķ˵˿̾͸ϼˡ
Ҳܹ׸ƣ˵ĹҪһ׽ˣǾͻŮӭȢ˵ĹŮϵ
һ·ƾٹʶҲ𽥿֪ģвٱ׽顣
Ϊľĸ֣ϼס
ϻԳţСӼԺãһ˵һһ
Ľȥ˯С
Сͷ󺹣ټϽ˾ƣȥʱֱ۲
ô׶ӿˡ
СҲӵһھϡ
ЦŶĽ˵ƾһ£һһ顣
ĽĽҲȾˣ⻰ԼҲȥһ¡
ü׼˵ʲôʱĽƵİСӱԼķˡ
ʱĽĴҴҶһ䣬ˮźˣȥϴ衣
ٵĳ裬ֻϻžˮ顣
ĽĴ˿ѾڴϣܷĹűӡ
Ҫ֪ﻹŵСС첲䣬ĽľȻ˱ӡ
ȻЩɣոСɵǸǣߵߣѹϰɤͳ
һ£Ҳܱһء
Ľ۾ţĽȴ¶˼Ĳס
Ҳ
Ľʴ󷽣仰Ӧ˴
Ϊǵã˵ǡһ
ԣľ׼ˡ


108 
ӹ,Ϥ˶һ֮
㲻Ϥ,˱˽֮Ҳ֡
֪Ϊʱ,ӼӹԺԵˡչ,˸,ûʸֱ
ǹأʮ׽£бҲǳ֮¡
Ȼ㿼źȡ֣ҲȻҲһ³ƺΪ֮,żȥСˣͽ
˻۴ʦƽ,רȥơ
Ƽһѯ,ʧЦ⻹ǵһμȤ˻۴ʦרΪ,˽һҲӦõġ
ɾ,˵ҲƵĴš
ָ·ȥ,˻۴ʦӴӦܵõҪĴ𰸡
ü˵ͣò׼ϵ˼
μļӹ,νʱлԵţȻԵǱŸ
ƳĬˣɸոԼ˵ϵġ
ֻӲͷƤ˵룬һ϶ĿأһҪ֮Ժ㰡
û˵ʲôȥĬˡ
ԴԺԳɼǻشס˼죬תѧϰ࿴飬չ֪ʶ档
չҲäĿʲô鶼ĻΧԵĿݡ
ԷһǾ壬ڶӦùģʱߡ
ҪһĿߵ徭ĵ[ע]
˵Ļǡ顷徭ѧĿɾͲ֮ǰô򵥡
װĽڵһÿξ˵ԸעѧԼе֪ʶѵʵʥ˼
Ҳ˽һЩϹĿ⣬确βڼγۡǰ߳ԡ顤촫Ǻλּģշ׷壬ةƼǰȥ顣
ʱЩдԷɢʵΨͣȻǴƨˡ
һ׸طģ룬ֻжԵص㹻˽ˣܴô֣дݵ¡
ʵ£顢·ϲõİ취
˽⵽㹻֪ʶԺлٳȥߣʶһ¡
磬ѳĬʮжûٿκ˼ӵע⣬ԼƷζк塣
ݵĵطȥùľ䣬Լͨ͸
ң˵ʱϵʵ֤õĲԡ
ȵûȥʱԼֱѾ˺öֽݺɢң󲿷ֶиждġ
׼ȥҲ䷹ڴ߷ܱʼ飬ƫƫһüͷӡ
Ϊ˼ôϣҪǰο
վ̲ס˺
˵гĲ۲ûжôֻҪЩӶܽͲʧΪһƪİ˹ɣ
룬ſԺûãȻȫת˴˼·
ȴûܶһֻΪλȨ߸蹦̵£ĹעȫЧԤֻ档
ˣǸʵɼңʺϿƾ٣ʺ١
֪룬Щֽãȥϸ󣬲ŷվ
ȥԷ
εӣ˵á
Ȼһ츮ǣ˳ҲһСӡ
쵽ĵ㣬ȻԺȲ衣
֮ڱ仯ܴˡһϣ̲ס˵˳ûУձ¨Σﻹװķʳ
ʳҲɱ֮ࡣ
Ȼˣǰ˫ףʸڸլԺڴһסѾźء
˵ţΪƴţ
ӹڵʱͽƾƣ֪ʦ̬ȺǿӦڶյŰݷá
ȻܿҪֻΪ˲䷹
Ҳޱȼ³һһͳȻ϶ɴԼӿ첽Ժȥ
ƣȻҲԺϢˣĽڳɶ
ҪĽѧԼҲһ顣
ʴˣڶյ緹
ô˼գζڲ١
³ˣԼõֵʱ򣬴׼õʳģ˹ʮǮҪһ̨
к̨ܶǮԼʳģֱӾ׼ˡ
ʱԼĽɶϵԺš
үüһǳ극ô˳Էǰţ
ôһ룬ȥš
ò񡭡ɶ
ףʱຼסķʳƫ𡢵ڣѧר̸ˡ
ڲӹ飬ΪѾоүʵûдô䣬ֻǡͱŤ
һĻóλӣɡ
ԾȻֱӰѲߣ
ﷹˣټˣôԵ꣬Բ˫Ӷѡ
ȥ󣬲ŷֳඦҲڣֱ˵ϵĻ÷˵ڻȥûˣҶһԡ
лλ
ඦ㹻˽⣬Ѿͽ򣬳Լֱˣӡ
ϳ󣬾͵ʦȻЩʯͷóˡ
ȻԹԷ裬һ仰ȴǣ˻۴ʦ֪˻۴ʦΪθ֣
ϣ
һڲȽΪ仰Ǻ
˰죬˵߶߶ģֿܾżȻǻֻǸͨĺУԵǻҶûԸѿֳȥ
ҵʱɽϰϹ򣬴ֻӣ͸ųˡͷҪ˵ԺΪ鷨ҡ
˵Ҳ棬з֪֣ȴֱӾ˳
ϼ˵ⶫ˭һ׼˻۲Ҳ޶ãʮ˻Ȼһ˵ʱʱ飬ҪȻҲһܣ±ʵۼȥˡͷӴ
˵õĴʦ
˵ǿʦķϣŰЩ㣬ˣǸϺа飬ɲ׼˵ȥ
ȵȣʦ

Ӧܿ죬Ͻµһ裬طʦ
ҧ֮²˵ȥʦ
ͷЦѧ
ԭҪʦģϲգҲǿ󣬱Ͼ齲Ը
ʱٲʦǾǴɵӡ
ؼҺСӴӰѣСȲڵϣյĳ
С裬Լ£ԭؽСӡ
ԭΪСӻһڣȻ
СӾһԶʱСӣ
ȻСԭ·ܻ˴̻
վŷ϶īζ
ֻˮīζ̫ŨЩ塣
Դīհʦ󣬾ͱˮرˣһŷߡ
Сڰ䣬˵衣


109 
ԭֲǼ򵥵дֽ,̨ĥһīˮ,ֱˮرһƽĴʯͷд
ϿĿ飬⣬֮ԡ
Ĵ𰸵ȻûС
ЩȣȴҲû˵ʲô,ͽܶ,ɲ˻
Ҳ֪ǰһĿƾ,мҾԭڣûԴϰ塣
˵⿬էһйоأϸȴַâˣһ
˶,ƽЦŭֻɫ֮,Сǰֻڿ,֪ء֪ѧ˻Ϊķâʶ㣬ΪǱ׵ѹ̫ϣܳȥ,Ϊ͢һ
֮Ӵ,ҷȻазâ,ȴ̤ʵأ㲢ϣԼֵ̫
ϸа𾪡
үӲ鷨ңʶ,׼ݡ
ȷʵϣԼ̫¶âгֳЩһ㶼û֡
ϾԼҪһֱǡͻϸǾޱǿͬʱԴ˵ó飬ԴºͳϿҡ
֮ĴâΪʱԼ뱣ˣһζòܻ˵⣬ֻ˸ӵôߡ
ԣԴȥǣеķâԡ⵱Ȼľйء
ϾһİĳǳأҲϿôݣֻΪˣóеЩ
ĽҲʮ꣬Ӹ궼ûȻƴǿԼסˡ
ϴݵֻǰĵд֪ʷ
һ㣬үһѪָ˳
ѯʸ
˵ÿϰ֮ǰдʯĲ飬ķâд֮дʱ򣬾ءȻҪ߿ƾ·һдǡô̫â¶˲У̫ҲСҲ
ҾʱͰڰ֣ҵĵӣҲ˭գдһī֭Ϳˡ
ԭϸո˵ʯǰⰶߵĴʯͷдΡ
дһκ󣬴ӳҨˮ˳ʯͷĵײʼϴϴǰʱˮҲٴλ۵
ԱƷ裬ʲôʱܰһˮдīɫܶԱ˵ҵĵˡ
дһ磬һī֭дˣϴǳˮȻ峺
Ȼ˻ؼҵĵ㣬ϸ˵Լֻ˫̧ߡ
֮ͱСˡ
ĽĸС˵ϴ裬Сˣϴ裬ˣ
СԼС͵ǰ˵㡣
˼ϴҲġ
С˵ʮʣСԴϺǻ顣
˼ǲÿϴ裬¾Ͳϴ衣
ϥһȻīˮΪܱСӣȥϴ衣
֮ɣһΪ׼һ߻֡
㾭ûټˣһԿѣһζоѧ
ʱҲǰȫд㾭ԿǵòȺġ
Ѿ֣ظϱӵҷΪʮʡ
Ϊһʡһ˱ȽƫԶʡҪϲ֮⣬طʡϲԺ
Ե¼ȡҲ޶ÿʡ̶¼ȡһʮˣҲΪʲôô˿еԭˡ
Ϊÿľ߲ͬŵˣǰꡢӹš
µĵڶգĶǰݷã˵Ҹԣ֮Ҹ죬²Ų֮Ҫ黳
˵Ȼᣬƽ
ƽ֮ǰ˵ģԭȸ°
ӹڵһ飬ְ֮ʦϣһʱȻ¡
Ʋֻۣϧ̫æָһ࣬ټƽʱѧֱȥѧȻһֱûҵʱ˵
֪ʦ飬ֻҲдۣһ鷿Ҫдһ¡
֪ԼЩֵĳɹϾϰԼб仯
ֻдĲԵʱŻԽʱ򶼺µĺȲ载
˵Ǿд鷨
ơ
д鷨Ȼָ飬Ͼڿ϶д飬ȫйоصģûʲô
һд裬ǲ顣
ȻѧûãָʦϣټԼϰƲᡢ㡢ȵĻдȻҲ
Ǵû˵д֣һᵽд裬˵д鷨
Լܾȣ鷨ҲóдҲᶪˡ
ԼҪҪˮԼҪд̫ɫˣϹȥϾոǾ仰һչ
֣׵Ҫˮͷ
˻˶Էŵ˵էһ֣֮͸Ҹоɼ֮˵Ѿá
֪ѧ£֪θ롣
˵ƽĲÿһֵĵ㡢ᶼдĲһ֮
Ǿȣû뵽Ȼһ۾Ϳľ衣
Ҫ֪ͬסԺͬһͬôãûһ㡣ÿֻ䡮ƽдá
ˣˡѧʵˣƲȥҲϿ
ǰӽյУСӭ˵ڶա
Ȼձ㷨СѾˡ
ڻ˵ʮңȻһʲôôܴһʮ
Сͷ˯һ󣬵ڶЩ΢
죬ĽȥСӶͷһСͷûסЦ
ĽĸСͷǰз˿룬Ƥбα䳤
ûСӼˣ֪Ѿ
ĽһͷԽԽϲԾôֱӰСӱȥˡ
Сӵ粻״죬ԭԼ˸Сףһ¾ˣ뵽ƺͦϲСӵģǰλСӵǲ졣
Ҳơ
ƾ䷹СһڰĻߺˡ
ĽİڵϣʾԼȥ
СȴҲԼ֣Ű֣ðҲԼȥ
ƿСӵǰߵĽģ¶͡
֪ƽʱжæܰСӽ˹ɿɰȫǸСĹ͡
СߵǰƲŷСӽ˷ͣͷԴֻжǰ˼Ե˫۾ɡ
뱧СӣСȻϽеǡĿվԼߵ
ڳ䶨ǰһ˿ϣСӼûӦûЩ
ֱ˵ϣСԴ
ʵܵİСӱȻԼϡ
ƳĬˣ֪СΪʲôһôˡ
СӶϲٸ߸߰
Ҳ̫ҺˣһΪ˸ĸƲúԼϣǶүүӲŻô
ϾںǰоԵϣΪ֪ġסô
ܿ죬ƾû˼ЩΪСøߣժǽϵĻ
ָ䣬СӿԼ䣬Ϊѵķָһ䡣

ƽӹһĿСӣûл𣿡
С˵ҺͰĻǵġ
ƣ


110 
Ӿôһﶬ,СʱĽġӼǡѾ˵ڶΡ
һʽȷӡˢ꣨ȥ꣩＾,Դ³СϿʼءӼ,Ѿʱ,ҲӼǡķ֮һ
ĽһᡶӼǡд,ÿһСƬ,һʮС¡
³һοǣΪȤӡˢǺС⣬˺ÿΡءС¡
Ҳ£ſʮС¡
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˲ϲС,רʹƹֻܲӼǡƬΡ
һҳֽôЩ˼ǰ,еһԥһ߻ؼˣеͶʮСȥ
ƹ¿˵,Ȼϸɣ
кܴһǡӼǡʵ,תΪӼǲ򸮳Сġ
ƹû뵽ԼҲп۵ʱ,֮ԴӦӡˢӼ,ֻǸһӡ
ϾҲ֪ǰҵϺŵˡ
û뵽Ȼе׬ⱾĻ϶ֻӡˢʮ
ǡǧӡ
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ƹԵŸ˵£΢΢üȻѾԤ⵽дĶкܶϲ
ܻӭĳɶȣЩԤˡ
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ϾǹҵģҪӡˢĻָ֪ĸֿ鼮
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СԴӰµһֱ¶Ӽǡ顣
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ԣֱ񣬸СһҳǡӼǡ
ĽҲϲÿվյСĻÿƹĶ˸üҳż㣬ĽĿидģҲʻš
һֺܳռҳֽ
ĽĿ˺۶Ϊ￪ġ

ҵĵڶţ֮ǰĻյˣʱ²ʸţ֪дʲô
˵ȴںڰҵԼĻŻӰ쵽飬ԭҵ
ŵȻϲģҾ󣬾һˡϧң䲼ׯӯҵ
һ㣬Űһ࣬Ѿջķᡣڸֿ档
̶ӣҵȥ
ڴˣ˵Ȥ£һηĺѴǰƲңʱҲֻܵҡ
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żɨһЩĻţʱһãҲܿԼСüĿš
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˵ûмӹôһ˵ȴŸ֡
ȥԼʱСôһݴⱲӶϿһĻ
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𣺡Ѯ
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˵ǴһϵáҪȻǻô׼
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鼮ī飬ټڶԽԽΪƹǾ仰ᵽĳˣȻûЦȴ崺硣
ƹһʮĴ˶Ҫˡ
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Ľǣţһܣһ⣬С󣬾׼ӭ

Сһ΢΢һ£˵ˣСˣٱ·
ϵСڵϣȥǰժ
ӵС¶ȻԺƳһۣʵסջ󣬸ſ˫ۡ
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Сжʮ߰˽أ˵Ҳʲô°ϼԼվ
¶ŵʱ˵ӵͷ
СӷɿĸͲͷһˡ
ԽԽߣСӹŵʱ򣬶ǰһ䣬ײȥ
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ĽĽճθã֮ǰԵ˾ˮѣųû£θ
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ĽĸճţͰСץ˸š
ȴֱ׺ӣֻǻϢǰˡ
˵ɻܣ
ҪСɼôȥǾͲԼúҩ
شĴ磬ʣ˯𣿡
ǰĽûϰߣΪҶ˯磬˯һĻϾ˯ˡ
Ľǰ˵ôܣЩء
͵ס죬üͷš
°СӷԼȥ棬ԼһַĽģһָ
һͻȻվŲˡ
ĽҲԭأǿѹȥܣСԲ԰ףôˣ
ͻȻһбһϥ䣬ƺʵֺͻİ
ڣĽڴߣβĴиڴߣһٴ
ıǽӲģ˵ⲻĵһӣȴһξɻУԼˡ
ĽС˵ҡ
ָ⻬˫Ծϱӡ˵ҽĳɶȣϲˣԼʮ졣
ĽԼˡ
ȥÿθ꣬Ҫ̧֫ս棬ǻȴһֱûлϡ
Ͼ֪ġ
Ϊõûж˵ס
˼ҹﲻںֻ֣źСԪү˵ˣֵܶ࣬иһǸкࡣ
ȫСˡ
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ĽȻôҲ֪ʲôʱܻϺӣԵ
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кʮһµȸַӦ֮ãÿ֮˵
£Ҳһڶ¡
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111 
ĽĶһô,֪ʵԽʱΪͻԽ侲
һһ۵,СԸ,ĽĴЦӯӯ
ķҲڴӡ
еʱ,ĿӰ쵽
ոշһ߶,һ˵Եľ,֪ΪԼ˺ӵ·ӦĽĶʱĶĶ̹ˣθڴ󿪡
Ҳû֮ǰ£˿
ȵķˮĽ󴽣Ƕ˳ʲô
Ľ˵ʲôáû,ɫ,˵,Ŵס
ܶʱѯ飬ϲش㡯
ͷ,Сȥ׼ˡ
Ľļֱʳзˣ⺢,֪Լк,һҲ,Ҳˡʲôʲô,ֻ߼ע⣬Ҳˮʲôġ
̫һֱû˯š
Ľƽȵĺ,İַԼƤϣſļ˯˹ȥ
ߺȶɵĴͻȻ˫ۣ壬һͳ˻źӵСɡ
ܸܵ͵֫ϸȫ󲻵иӡ
ϣĽʱ۾ûʶһûԼҷСӡ
СӴ£ߣҲ˯㡣
ĽϴʱѯС裬С˵Сү磬ү˵ϲ飬СүСүȥ֤ԼԲүͬ⡣
ԣСӾ͵ȰȰȣȵԼ˯ˡ
=
ȥԺ굥ӣûȥǶȥѧ
꿪ҪȥǲμӴǣԣҲѧɣȫԸ׼ǡ
Ȼÿջѧò׼⣬Ҳһۡ
ƼˣԼдõĲ۸Щ
ԴͿʼԷĲۡҲ硯ԭƵΪѧޱȳԾѯΪʲôЩͬΪ˵ĽͰġǸţܸĵжã
˵ҲԸ鷳λֻҸ۵ķæ
һǸʵɣдЩ蹦̵µĻԲŸ־ȤͶĸо
ǿһҲ
ԭ뵽ЩӣѾ𾪣ǰиƵĴڡҲֻܸпһ䡮η
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ЦЦ̬ȵȻʱҲҲ´Ҿ׼ˡ
˵Ľȣ಻׼ãǱ¿ƣ㿼
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ûйע
ҪϴοƶǼʮǰˣΧҲû˵Ƶ顣ȻҲûϡ
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£ȣ֪½жˡ
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½װ棬⣬дõѧˡ
Ԥ˴˭о٣ľ½
ô˵ˣαȻԵо١
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ܸҲΪš
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ľײзȥϴ裬ˢдյĲܽ󣬾Լϻо
СĽ˵ԼϾ˯鷿
⻹Ľĳôһ ˶ڼȴִ˯
˯£Ľľ߹ŵʱϽǰס
ĽİϣԼ˽Ǽʹϡ
εԴ˵ǻط
Сôճˣʲô׵ġ
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⣬ķΧҲ൱ޡ
Ҫǿİһ£֪Ҫ۵ʲôز
ǵ֮˵⣬ȫ
ݺڴϣĽٴΰͷƵľɤ͵͵ģʲôζҶϲ
лҪ˵
ʱߣ
Խһ꣺³ʮ꣬Сӳ
ڶ꿼ԣ£͸ԣ£ꡣ
꿼Ժԣƿף꣬󡢳δΪ꿼ȡꡢΪƿͬ꣬ĵġӼǡϸС
Ϊî꣬ƣûвμӡµʱ䡿
Ϊ׳꣬ȥԡΪԴٰ죬Ҳÿ󡢳δ꣬ǿȥǲμӻԡԺĵꡣ


112 
ŵԼϵľ,СѾ۾ְ͵Ƹ,ԼصСɵһơ
,Ľһֱ,ֹϲֵ쾡¡
֮,Ƶľ綼Ƶ,ƲҲٺȡ
֮ԼĻؼˡ
Ѯ,ԷŰ,½Ȼ
Ȼ֪Űһɲ,Ǿޱʧ䡣
תһ,ʡǧ๱ţμӴ˴,¼ȡֻһʮˣ¼ȡʱ͵͡ټ½,ʱ̬,û¼ȡҲ֮С
Ϊ,װûȥμӿƾٵѧԷ֯ȥɢ;ա
ջƯ˳˼ȥ
ȥѧõʱ϶һ裬ʣµľڼСɺСӿ
ϿԼѧһͻ˵ֱۺӡ
ȵȥúܾԼͶұһ¡
ֻ,ûʲôġֻɣڻ͸ʱ
һʱ䣬ЩΪѡ
ú˻裬һͲľ죬˿ȳ
ԼշŽȥûõʯͷ
ԭЩˮصײʯͷ˴īóˮ峺
ԭ׼ӵʯͷȫ꣬ٶͽ˵顣
Ȼĸӵʯͷû꣬úãѾˡ
仰˵һ˵βܴﵽˮƽĴβѾдͬˮƽ
ϰЩڵʯͷ̳üͷ˼˰κְЩʯͷŽȥˡ
ܸоȻ鷨ˮƽﵽˣиǱ֮ܳԺϰЩָͿддǿҸ˷֡
ôһ룬Ͼȥ
ɲ˷鷨츳
=
ؼҵʱ컹ġԺһһСӶǼջߣжƬҶӡ
ϾڵС˵Ǹɵ
ֺ󣬰Сӱڻ
û˵Լ˲ñСʣ˵ܵܺ㻹ôС𣿡
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СͻȻ˵ˣΪҪ˯ŵʱ򣬰ĳԶҪˡ
֣СӵԸʵĽĺֻСӱĽĶһ۰ĵԵظǡ
׵ĽƴŬòĶֻԼĬĬί
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Ľģ
ǰȻдʹҪҪμǣõĻź˵Լ½ǰǣԺѧ
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ûٽȥ˰
Ҳڸпһ㣬ÿ˳һֻлԱǵȫԺ
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ܴǰԺ󣬲һλܽȴΪμԺԵ̫ͯ࣬ûֻλ
Ϊÿ¶ٺ»»ףûС
ڳȻȡĸΪȡ֮ĩֻΪšԺȴǲյġ
ȡ˸ѧȴлٲμԺԣһοԿ
ȻԿƾٵȻѾĴҪͬٿָͲעⷽϢˡ
ܽԺȸƼ˼飬費Щ飬ֳùȥȿ
Ȼл˵л磬ҽ費ҵøдţȥǶ顣
ЦʣȻԡղѾһôôֵдţ
˵ԭºһǣŹڸ򷿡ãһܵھӡ
ɲɣʱϲˣֻڼ̥Ҿڼһ£ĸߴ٣ҲֻʰңǡҴӦӣվ͸дš
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ᵽˣ̬Զºͣ˵࣬ҷҲϲˡ
Цϲ硣
Ҳ˵ͬϲ
գȥҵʱ򣬸СӴЩССһģá
ɫֻ꣬ϧǺӳ̫ˡ
ҪȻСȢؼңңСӼ˾͸ڼһ
ЦЩǺǵ飬ʱԼѡ
ڱԼ̣һ㸺ûС
ܵϣԳţСӶһ߸ĽڴϿŸ
ͻȻ䣬ĽġһһϽ¾Ҫ
ﲻ
ĽҡͷָָԼ˵ˡ
ŷԭ̥
֣СַĽĵĶϣ΢΢¡ĸֻǳǳŵ˼ӣĹȻԵĳײ
СҲ۰Ͱ͵ſڴߣ۾ǵǣ
ϴ˵ĺڶС벻һ£
ʵ͵СȻ󣬵ûûء
һҪķڰϣ
Сӵͷģ֪
СӵצӷȥʱĽûסЦˣҲôᣬһ㡣
һ棬첲ǽģȫɲ
ܵƤµײӦĽĻţȻһ¾ֱҲϽջء
ͻȻӵСһһŻعҸܵˣ
һ죬СһΣһ졮ܵʲôʱ桯һ߾˯ϮƤܡ
ط䣬Լȥ裬Żصϡ
ڶգĽǱͿˣͷϴ
緹ĽĴһСӵ·ͼСԼǧĺʫ
С˵ջҸܵ顣


113 
ֹһ,Ľľ㴩·ҲܿС¡,Ȼԡ
ƽȥԺʱСӾĽ,ɵ顣
żСҲᱳС
Ȼθе˵Ҫһ,ÿ춼顣
ĽĻЦ˵Сôѧ
С֧СԹ˼һ,˵湻,顣
ˣһҲѧϰ
Ľ⻰ҲֻЦЦ,СӵԴ
ҲΪĽûоСӵ,ûǿƵҪÿѧʲô
СʶֵĽͬҲ
Ҫǣûѧ,ûаֵ񡣶ǻҪֱ顣
ڱС,·͸׵Ľ,ֿˡ
òϣĽĵİܺõĽ,Բʱ,һ˼˸,ȴڸ鷽ճ˵ĸ
˵ûĽҲĺܲң޷ˣȻԼǿĻţŬԽԽá
ʵ,ĽǸܼǿˡ
ֻΪϲԲһ
ϣѾµûסȥϸϸСɵüۣüҵɰϲ
ĽҲЩ鶯ۿܿʪ󣬻ʱܻЩ
Ľܸо£ǰ
ĽһӾͺˣ˵Ҳá
û˵еӳĽĴ˿̵ɬʹ档
ĽĵǺܿͳˣ´ȥϴ֡󣬸㣬ְ˵ĿҲȥϴˡ
ҺڱȽССӶ˯ˣҪȻǿȻȥϴ·϶۾
Ȼƽʱ̬ºͣ⣬ڼôҲһ֮Ȼϴ·Ͳɵ˲𾪡
ݺ󣬷ĽѾ۾װԼ˯ˡ
ֻպͶȻͨ졣
ûϨƣԼСɣ˵ⶼǷ֮Ը飬ʲô
ĽҲʮˣҲѾ졣
ֻƽʱ˶йĽҲ;ûʲô
ɡҷְ˻ƺ֪Ľɫ糺졣
˯˯
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СͷŶԭСˡ
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=
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Ҳû⣬°ͻǼģ֫˳ֻжӸ߸¡ԵС
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Ϊ֮ǰ˵˾䡮ʵ֮
ЪһЪĽҲȷʵϢһȷˮȻ󣬼ߡ
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ЦֹЩҲã֪򲮲лܸ
ʱԸеǰ׵ѧ̤νֵʸ
оŻ˵㼲һտľǰƳɷк󣬽ʿŸͷ߹ڵ֣һձܿڵд
лʵΪʿʵȻ˲ôʿڴ֮ǰʿνֵʱ򣬵·ԵĲݡ¥˸ӻסĽʿǾͰѻͷϡ
仰Ҳ˵ĸˣضף
Ứãᵽƾǰ챻СӴʹġ
ƵҪСӵĻġ

ȻҲֻǿЦƣ˵Ҷӿˣʱۻ
Ȼûӣ֪СӵճǳԺ˯Ļ
ôһ˵Сӿɻˡϴλ㻨ġ
Щ޹ʹ⣬ۿʱҪˣһɫ
Ƽƣ岻࣬һߣլԺֱӿˣһ˸С
浽ߵʱ˭û˵ϧĻҲֻļһоڲС
һߣ;ʱӽȡ
Ŀƣ¾͵òμԣ˵Ѿѿݺ͸־䶼Ͼԣ˭Ҳ֪ΣΡ
ѧģֻŬĸϰ顣
ȥ󣬾ԤһĽԤڣ˸Ƚȹ˹Բȣϣܰ³Ƕʱڳ
ǰԼãҪȻ浽ٲǰĽûˣǾ͵òʧ
ЩġϾٹҪȥԺˣĽֻһСʲôСӡ
ȻôģҲյĽġ
ϣĽļԼҷüͷҲ֪ڵʲô
Ҳֻذ׵ָḧüġ
û£Լġ
ץסַڴǣ˵飬ҾͷĲ
Ľֻϱ֪ܰѲ˵Ǿͻûŵ̶ֳȡ
ȵֻšü˵ˣǲֵġ


114 
ԴӽӽǻĽĶӴЩ,ϴš
СȻѾ,һҳæ,ûź
ԭͲϲź¿¡
Ȼ,ǱСź½,ǾһȤ
ĽȻ,СҲͰ̵ҪԼܼ,ûбźϴŵϰߡ
,ϴŵ˾ȻǷͲϰ߲ϰߵˡ
ʼΪݽŵʱ,ĽֻŶɿĴˮ̧,СʪģȫȻǾʧ롣
ĽŰȥ,ʣô
࡭
Ļ,ˮǰĽźˮӨָ,ȫܲࡣ
ĽĻС,ٴΰס˵,ԣݽϰĦھ糩ͨ㰴,Լ֮Ȳ͡
ĽĶԴеӡСӵʱٲǰǶʱ,ÿȶס
ʱʲôҲ֪ӦֻǷǳĻš
ô˵ĽĲŻȻԭʱֻ졣
˵Ŀյʼ˳㲿簴ȥСƤƫף˾ͺ죬һ֡ŰУԵӿ⡣
İĦȷʵгЧ֮Ľϵˮ׹ȻȻСʱ΢һҲˡ
ͬʱĽϴԡͰҲԾؽæ
ϾԡͰߣȽȥʱСģҪȻܿһŲȿն
ʹֵ÷ǳ⣬ԭҲСͦŶһϴ衣
СһܴĽ
ϴҪԡͰʱڣֱվԡͰϣĽ˫ֻסˮҵϥ䣬ܿͰ
֮ǲɣѡ
Ǻ£ѩҲ£˵ĵһҲ䡣
ĽĿüĿʵķǵСһֱţ˻ʹſ硣
ȥԺĽߵ˾Сӡ
ŰĶһÿ춼Ҫѯһ䣺ʲôʱ
ʱ䰢Ҳžڽ°ɡ
ССָͷһ£üǵҪٹ»£
Ľû뵽Сӵ˼άȻѾ뵽ز΢΢һ˵¡
СӸоȫˣ㲻G
ĽСϸĽһ飬СӺǲ̫ܷ塮֮ǰ֮󡯣ȴֶԡաաʲУ˵졣
ҲԺͼ飬ˡ
=
ѧԺȻˣȻѧֵ
񿴵㾭ԼǰûԹģټԴǻɬٶȺ
ַǰҲˣԼСǸҲܶ˵仰
֮㿴ǡ촬̣
ͷǡ
ַ˵ǿƾٲЩ
ֻȤʹȻ㿴
㲻׼пܿ𣿡
Ѿȫꡣ
ַῴԼϸմӾ۲ףһ
곤࣬Ҳŵʱ࣬ȴѾ׼Ҫμԣ֮ǰĶˣ
ַԭѾ׷ԣϾԼоϣã
ʮˣҲ޷ƺǱıоϻؼҺ󻹻Ĭ顢дۣڶͻ޸ġ
һȫϾȥ󻹵Ӧ檳ܣලӱ飬ʱԼѧ
˵¼ʮ٣ܿܿơ
͵ڱ¼ȡʣ
ϾÿһΣμÿԵĿнӽһ붼ԺԸտš
ȥǾˣԸⱨԵġСԪ֮١
Ǽ˶ƣȥμƵĺܶ˾Ͳѡ걨
Ͼ̶һʱ䣬ųȺŰ񡢹Ϣ̬ʱ䣬Щ˻ûʱ֪ʶ
˵Ҳȥûþײ϶ƣַᣬĻ֮١
ζŲμӶԵ˱ǰҪ٣¼ȡǹ̶һʮ壬ڱоټʣ
ԣַŻ¼Ҫݣϰһ顣
ѧһ磬ûס߹ȥһ顣
֮½ʮ٣пܿư
üڿƵϢѾȦΪˡ
ȥ£Ҳǻûʼǰ͸˵˽пܿ顣
˵лַᣬ֪ˡ
Ȼ󣬻Ǽͷϵ顣
룬ԼܸУô϶ȴμӻԣ˳ͬ¶ʮһпܲμӵԡ
ҪǰǾ͵ڲдúõĻϣĳͻĲܡ
һµǰ״Ԫۡ̽ͻصܴ󣬳ԭСУʮ࿡׿ԽдúáʫʮֳɫĿ֮ͯ
ȻдҲʦָûϵҪ󣬲ܶԼϵĵӡ
ԭҲûĻ뵽һʱ˵ľǡ˵ϵĹŵӡ
Ը˶Լĵһӡѧʳʣ֪׫㾭ɡ
Ͼڱʵ̫ˣϵӡƺҪ뱲Ӳ֪Լ
˵ԸҲôأֻֽķʽﲻ̹
ҪôҪôƾԼʵ
Ȼ֮ǰ棬ҲԴ˺ܸȤҲ·Ϸչȥ
ĵ˵ϣԸ»Ϊѧˡ
ԣŻоѧĸӦù̡
ǣַе촬鼮ˡ
СҰϢʶģȥҶô˵
飬ַĹִʾΣַᣬ֪Ϣ
ַͻȻֱϿɵϲã˵ôϰ徭
Ѿһ顣
ַ᣺
˺˹Ȼǲܱȵġ
=
ͬʱߣඦæͷ飬Բȡ
˳һСͽܵĽ
üĿβסϲȴ˵ϰȲԶأīʯûꡣ
ඦ֪·ʵˣ
ͻȻһָ峺ĵĳˮ˵䡣
˶٣ԼϾˡ
ඦ
ۿһȴ佱ӣֻܳޣ̳ͽܹȻڷܡ
ϣֹڷܣдѾ˻򡣡
ඦһԼר鷨ܱôޣڵ鷨һʮչ
ඦ˶Լ˴ǰĿģ˵үӣ涼׼Ƶ飬ǷҪڹͽ飿
ɫʱඦ۹۱ǱȹĵƷ裬˼ʱ䡣
ƾٿԷΪԡԡԺԡԡԺ͵ԡ
ǰкţҲΪ
˵һͬһ쿼˵ȴŵġԣ¾ͿԲμӻԣͬ¾ǵԡ
Ƶ걾һ·У˫ʣֻܻؼТʮ¡
ϲȷ꿪ƵĻСӾͿһ·ȥ
ҪΪڵһĻᣬ͵üӴ


115 
ϻô˵Ҳ֪ĶԼͽܵĻ,Ȼ,ͬʱҲӰ졣
ʱ,ͺܿܰﵹæˡ
ϱͲǸõ,ȻżС,ڴ·,ǻῼʮܵġ
ඦϵʾ,ûлӦ,ڵԼ
˻˵ʱͽ,ܲܿԼʵ,ֲ顷徭ƾ
Խ,ඦ߲Խľ
ΪֻжԺϤ׽,Ż,һ,
ඦͻȻҲʶһϿɵ˲డ
=
һȥ,ѮʱСɶվԼ,ڼ
˵ԼǴ򣬽ıְ
մԽǻԸĴ,ڼյ˺ܶ顣
붼ЩľػûʱæңԼȥ顣
ĽһҲ£˻ǽ·ֻϧ̫䣬ȥԺ
Сӵʮֹɣ´Լյܹһɢ󣬲ŴսĽġ
ĽԴкȵˮ
˵δЩڼһˮȨʪȻҲöˮˮ֡
ôܹҲ䡣
С˵˵ˣ߲ˡӱʫʱ򿴵СڳӣԾ㰢ˡ
߼ͷͷǵ
ĽĶ֪øпСӵ˼άǶ¿˵ĳɶˡ
׼ȷ˵涼ÿޡ
ߣȫֻ֪īʯͷϰһˮһ峺ˮˡ
ҪǰһҲȾīɫǾ䡮Զ˵ͽܡҪˡ
ȴȫû飬Լҹżĥд֮˵ʱ״̬Լдֱ
дŸԭٶԱвһĵط
ûԳһҵ츳Ҳôɷѿĵѵ
ȫлһ㣬ϿɲûĲŻҲʩˡ
û飬дרŸ˽ɶѯ¡
ֻǵ˫ҵʱ˵˾ܶԱ˵ͽܣҿû˵Ҫʦ
ͻȻʧЦȻϵģҲ𾴡
ǿʶˣʵ鷨ңֱĵΪǿ
հʦǻϾͿеķâʾԼһҪѿдзǡȴֲˡ
ҲвԸ֮µķǣԼҲֵóȫ
һҾлʦ
ʱڰ£ӭź籼ܵ½
½һһ仰ǣ֮ô
ڶ仰ǣոաӡϵԺӳ
ÿȥǱߣҲûˣֻֻ˫ȥÿζ극ȥ
ټԺӵķѧһ£ұҲû롣
ϾԴѧĳɽʹɺ󣬹ȥ˻Щ
󲿷˻ǵԼ̫⣬ʱӰѧԺԼ
ʵֻ֪Ҫôסǵ֣
ΪˣÿȥǶ˲
˿ţҲǱϾСԪ˵ϼ仰Ҳпܵģȫûʦ顣
½󣬼ֻм򵥵ëʣһͲõġ
˵治֮ϾȻˣ
ǳǳĻӦһͲĴҴҵڳߡ
½Щʧ䣬ѧӰò·ҲֻܴҴҴк
ûüǷҪμӽء
С½Ҳʶ½Ӿ۲ſڽ䣬ǰСѯʣôˣ
½Ѹո˵ˡ
һټ˼С
ᵽ飬ȥµУĩϳѾ£дĺѾˡ
ҲƼȴԺ޿κΡ
ΪˣȻһζĶŮ鳤
ʵܾԼѾеŮ鳤һˣ
ѧҵҲһض롣
½ļ˵ֵܣ֮ɿˣûڽﶼô
ǰϿοɶȫעġ
½һ͵Ŀܣ񣿣
ܣҲûк񣬾żһ´⣬û֣ȻҲֲˡ˽֮
½һ仰Ǽ˼
=
ȥĽĺСڳӡԱ߻̣˻顣
ֽݣתͷСŬȥ
Ľ˵һԡ
߹ȥСɵĸιһӣóԡ
ɳȻŵҲˣСżͽڴһ߿һ߳ԡ
˵£죬ﵽǸǣΧũڼ˵ؽѣ˺ڵؽȵ¾߼ۡ
Ǯ⼸ʷ½½ҲǧٹҲǼǮȻñŻԡ
ȻظǷдũɣ㾭͡ѧ㾭к󣬴ԽԽ˴ϴ㹤ڷԡҸ˷Ӻǡ
ΪȻ׬Ǯ˶˷ΪԼ׫ɵ㾭Ȼôó
Ҳǣļ㾭ӿʼеѾ࣬ѧϰʱȷʵ㡣
ȻһϢʮܿʼЩдŸһǸԼʲôһǸѣ׫ôô֪Ӧû˶
ȻҲܿȻĺ塣
Ȼ˲ʮգȥԺ˵֪˴
۴Źٷȴ̬Ⱥ𾴣ǰǰΪš
½Ҳеĵѹȥ
⿴ȫǷ¶Ĺ͡
ϹʵܽǣСɵԤھ⼸գԭѾѧĽ͸٣˵Լ綼ȴڹ۶֪˽ˡ
׼ȹҲڼϢһԣȽȥСԺԼ
˸õʱ֪˻æҲûȶã֪˾ͽȥˡ
йٲùֻҪҾ
ûҾף֪˵֮㾭˴ó
ȻѾ֪ЧȻװȣͰ֪Ͻعٳʵ˵һ顣
ŷ֣ԭȻ˵ЩС˼˵Ŀľݣ
֪ľΪ˸װģĻſʼ𾪡
룬ĵصߣȴֶʣȷʵǸֵĺӡ
֪룬һԼ֮ǰĴ㣬˵ٻͷЧ˿ӱ͵ǣãʱ֮ڱǰͿɹš
סˡ
ҲŴ֮͡ǰ˵²ʣǾͲ׫ߵô


116 
߳ôźͼӿ˲,ֱӳȥ
ƿ,ӰƹȥԺʹ,ܿСڴɨԺӡ
С˵үˡ
ӦһͼݷһĽվſڣ߽ˣſ󻹲һСӡ
С̽Դ˵
˿,Һʱҷû
Ȱѷɱ,ڴϣ󣬿Ż
ֵͷȥСӣ,԰ҲڴϣͰһϢ
СӴ˸Ƿ,Ծ,ֻ¶һ˫۾,βΪΡ
,ûһСӾ˯ˡ
ĽȴȻС˵Ż
죬ĻˣĽܸܵĵĵǣҳ
СΪҲЩ,ҲûȥϢȵ
ʱû˵֪˰йȥ飬ֻԺ鵢ˡ
Ľ˵ϾҪˣԺǲϱ
š
ͿԴСһˡ
ĽĴǵЦݣһ뵽ԼμӶƣʻμӻԡ뿴Լϵ뷨ֻ»Ƴꡣ
ĽҲϰ첻˵״̬סԼƤϡ
ܹԣһᰲȻġ
ֶǽӲģ͸Сӵһ Ƥһ
ĽͻȻϣˣǾõһʱûʲôôȥ簾ס
ɶӲڰ˸£ۿѮҪˣûһ˼
ĽͷҲܺãȻģȴҲ֪ԤƳһ
ĽֻܲϢֱᴭ
ʱ´·Ҳ÷ÿÿôߣֱӰڻ
˳ǰܶߣȷʵڷ䡣
ȹóԺúȵдţ˵ǹ˳ʮɻǾֱӺҩ߲
ſڣɫĴӦˡ
ȹ˵ĺеǵǻȷʵò÷ǳֶˡ
ϾӶڶһ죬˺Сٺܴա
³ϣС˽ţź·ԽԽ㣬ÿհĦͨ磬ȽҲɱˮס
ҺãʱˮףҲܿ
СɲţͼͻȻŶӣƵĺһ
ɿĸţڴͷʱָЩ
Һõһʹʹͣһ˵û¡
ȹѾ˯ţСȥѣе˵Ҫˣ
ȻʱϾ˼ѾǰԸÿ˸ʲôҲ㹻ҩڼǰ׼ĺǳ֡
ȹɾ·֣ݵʱ򣬿ٴһվǽߵЦ˵үõģǶ̥ûʲôġֻвʹģ۹һӺȻȻˡ
Ȼվԭأû˵
ȹҪȻرһ£ϾѪײ
˵ˣҾ


ȹ֮࣬ҲûټǿҪ֮ǰ˵˼ӵĹǵø򻻸ݣ꺢һʱ䣬Ҳ÷ִ˯
ʵûôϸ
ʱҲ飺ˣÿνϴ裬Ӱ塣ڻӣҲˣϤݣҲ̤ʵЩ
ȹֻεĴӦ
Ľߣ̥ױһҪ࣬ǰʹʱЩ⣬ûʱӵʹͺܹˡ
˲ƬһֱԱ֡һʱѲƬ
ĽĻ˵û¡
ϸϸܵʹǸط֫ٺĽĶͷͱǼⶼð˺顣
ģǽץ֡
κô׼֣ټǵڶӣ˲Ƭе⣬ЩˮˮûóСӾʹӰ
ʱûȹ֣ԼɾļװõĸɾСӶϣܱȾ
֮СӲӡ㽻һĿɿڴȹ
ȹУȫûع
ȵԾСѾ٣ڲ˯ˡ
ĸ°
׼㣬Ľµ˱ӣԱҲӡ
ͲһֱӰѱ춼ֻҪϴһ¾ͺá
ѴʰãСɻϸɾ㣬ϱӺתͷߵȹ
ȹ˭ʲôġ
˵Եȡ
Ḷ̌һʱСӤ׹صʱӻû³ʮ
Ľ³סĲƬ÷ˮ󴽡
ȹţСмոһֱźԭдֱ׼ҩ
Ȼ˳վûãСĿ
СϽǰ׼õĴóȹϰԵ˺ֻҲǣҲǡ
˵Ӧõġ
ȹҲǸˣ˵֮£¾Բ˵ȥ
Ц֮СдȹϢԼҷɺӡ
ʵȹ˵˵ȥʲôӰ죬ԭǶҽģǴӺϵ˶֪
ֻǴ˴˳ͺҲ͵Ҳϲˡ
ֹȹСҲк
=
ٴνݺĽľͷ㲻Ŷ̵üۡ
ǰ̼ʱĽľӵԱ
˵к
ĽϸƣСӤ΢ϲɰ롣Ҷȷʵкӡ
֮ǰ˵ҪȡСɽ顭Ҳǲԡ
ĽĻȻԼССȡʲôֱ˵ӡ
ȻǸĳСӡ
ɼԱֶжӡ
ˣĽĻǾɽЩ̫̫Ұһ㡣
ϲǾаɣСɽڻֵĺ塣
̵Сô
ʵҲ֮ǰȥϧȻͣдĸ˵©죬˳ȻСӡ
СǸ˻߹ϵرõѽеģһ㶼ƺΪɡɡ
ȵСӳˣǾͿֱӺ֡
ͬСӳǻƶ̶Ȳֻܰ׺һԡ
Сɽڶ˾̣ٺ·ҲϺõ޲ƣҸ粻֪ҪҸ١
գ󣬺ķֵȻݡ
ſ¶һС˵ղ𣿡
Ѿϴãݡ
Сӷ֣Ķӱȥˣ
ðС㣬˯еĵܵܡ
ɽСӵĵܵܡ
ԭΪСӻܿģ֪Ҵ̾Ȼˡ
ӣ
СίͰͣó󡭡

Ľ˵ճСӶ¾ͳðװˡ
Сӿǵ˵ķϣΪѵĵ˵ͷǲš
ճʮա
СӳԹ緹еڼչ˷ɺСɽȻСڴ֡
СܹԣԼԷдŻشʱһ顣
ƽʱټСù
ԭС˵˱ƯҪܵ
ʲô
Сָͷ塢򲮲ܺÿ


117 
Сӵεҡͷ
Ȼͯ޼,ȴС©˵һˣǳ²أ
С˼һ,ܸӵ˵²Ҳÿ
óȻ仰һᱻж
п,СӲ䣺ÿ
̡
Ȼ˱Ư仰էһܻĵѬ˵ʣȷʵῴһ
ҲСӿеĺÿ
ΪСӻûʲôǰԼҵͰ˱ˣ𲻴Ǻÿ
ò,ֺϲС,ÿСӶҪС
СеĵλڵͰ
СʱʵҲϲȻ³¡
ֻϧȻ׬ǮϴСӼ滹ǹʱ̶ǰǲ
ҪյȻź,ڼᵽ,ƾСӵļ,ܾܿλϲĲˡ
Ȼᵽ˳Ȼ,д峤ź,ҲȻд˷š
û̵ԴǼ価ϲ⡣Ȼæͷ飬ǰһۡ
ĽĵǶʮᣬټи,ָĺܿ졣
Сɽ߰󣬾ܲ÷ǽˡ
֮չСɽ·¼ԼдӼǵıʸӡ
ǺдЩճӼĽĲͶ棬ŸԼ
Ӽǡô񻰱ӣվҲԼдգżдƪԣһֱڸСϣҲ˸еƣ͡
µףӻʱ˫ķˡ
Ľĵһ ˫ˣΪ⣬Ƥеڣ۾ȴ°ͺ룬׺͸ء
˫ûظԼңֻĽҪһûùĵӣԼ˺úõһݡ
εӺ󣬼ֱ͸һϵġҲȴȻųϴġ
òϣ˫˵ȷݿ㣬ҲѹֵԸҪͼ
ֻǣұտյӦþǳˡ
˫ס£˫ԼĵطĽ
ĽԷУȸ˱İͼ֮ʰ˫˵ģ·ߡĽſˡ
ĽļԺã˫˵Щܺܿס
˫ڸֻգٴ̤һµ;
УԼܽĶĽˡұСӺСɽ֡
СѾǸӣ˱ڻܳʱ䣬ȻίҲ֪Ӻޡ
Сɽȫû뷨оԼĲˣֱӾͺޡ
ĽĸϽѶ̽ӻػ˵Сӵô
˫ֱϲĽļӣ֪Լˣһ㶼᲻֡
˫ķȻұûˣۻǿдֻ֣ǻһ㡣
˫Ƿȥط¼߰˸СӶĽġ
ܶطûʱһһϸ˵ˣÿյļ¼յĵطҲˡ
ǲ԰Щдμǣ
ǰ˫Ҫߵʱ˵лᣬ뿴ĽıµĹ¡
ǵһг̵תվþ븮ǲԶ˫ҪĽġ
ҰԼͷĶĽġ
ǼСҲˣ˫Ǽ¼ʱ·ĽĻһͼ
Ȼ˼Լľ顣
֣ԼСʵϲǿһ¡
ϾϵĿμѾ˺ܶ࣬Ͼǿ鼮ôʴͨ׶ԣҲôĲɡ
ĽҪԼ¡󣬱дԼɫĹ¡
ԣһ£ҲߴĽġֻǻ˼˺ܾõʱϢ
ʱ̫ˣֱӱݣǿϢ
⻹ûأע˯ߡ
=
ԭ³ѧֵĩ˵˶飬ø١ַҲȥμ񣬲ֵܴ
ѧУҲ׼
Ϊ̫ˣλҲ٣˵Ǵȥǰݷˡ
ɽʱɫǷǳ΢ġ
ڼ˸ٵʱ䶼̣ܶҲڰͬˡ
ȵСɽǶʱ䣬׳꿪ƸлԪϢͬʱӾǴ
һŻһǸɽл֮Ǹ壬л֮
ǸģΪΨһѣ˲ʳһ𣬻Ի޸ĶԷĲۣ˵ֿҲΪ
Сɽ죬ͬϴβμӹ˴һ£Ҳࡣңôһף
ϣСӵĻˣϴÿ͵͵һΡ
ʱϵĴ뵽Լӹ죬ﵽˡ
Ϊʽ
үķǳڲİ
ǴˣǵĹͬⲻ࣬ǵϲ󣬺˾ƣ˶ͻȥ
ͬʱһ㣬Ҷ۶ƺԪԣԪ顣
Ҫһɳˡ
ַᴩһոµĳۣ˼Сƣ΢ͱһСء
ַ磬Ҳ̫ѹǶͨˡֱ֮ر𡣡⻰½˵ġ
ַ԰ƾһβμӿƾˣҴʵڲоԺɡԺ˻ȥѧĺǽ顣
˵ЩҲид
Ҳ˺üˣôȥ֮궼һ޳ɡ
˵Ǻ°μӿԵ˿϶٣ǸеĸʻǺܴġ
֮ǰףس˶ʱ䣬ȥ²ػԺ겻μӶơ
ֺЩƣȻ˵ұٰ֮Сɽϲһ㡣
ܲ䣺ǰǸǵˣлԪˣ۱ӡ
Ǹ˵ϻ
ʱš˺ǿ࣬ھֵˡ
˵ȴ֮ܿүң
ǡ
Ԫ͵ţպã¸ǡ
ո˵Ǿ仰
֪йӴϾ׫Ǽ飬У߶͡
ΪǾǸͷϾڳҲܽ֡ЧӦ
ΪǾƹһӣרΪ⼸
ϾڸǣԪֻǷǳġ
ʱڲ죬ʲôʱƹϵôˡ
ֱڣŷ֣¸ƹ޹ϵһжԼ
֮ǰСɽʱûидţΪ¾͵òμӵԣΪ·ġ
û뵽תתƻ֪Ϣ
֮С˵ܵܵȻҡҪ˴Ժǣҿ¾֪Ϣˡ
룬ѧ֮ǰȷλ͸˼٣Ҫȥǰ¡
רھֵ˰ż³͵ҲǷǳˡ
дʱСɽð񣬵һȥˡ
һΣдˣ֮ϣֻȡؿǴ˽顣
ϲĶǱӣд


118 
,ͿʼȫԸ׼ǡ
ĽĹ˼ĹҲͷ,׼д¹š
Ҫ,һûдƪµ˵,дµʱ,֮ٷо顣
ԭһѾ߰æչ˶,ϾСƽɨɨԺӣչһСӾˡ
ĽȻԼָĺ,ɶ벻˵ʱ,Ҳ̫ۣͰԼ뷨Ľ˵ˡ
ĽľȻСľܾˣҿСɽ
ü,ĽĽ͵СӺܹ,Է¶Լ,СֻҪ˯ǰעðȥ,򴲾ͺáԼҪϸչ˵ֻСɽһ,ԼԵ,Ѿˡ
ͷͬ⣬˻,Сɵڴһ¡
Ļֻ̌۹۱ǱǹĵĿеľ,ոոûĶ
˻,飬Ŷϴ衣
ĽȻЩɻ󣬵ȴû͡
Ϊ,ԼСѾԽԽԼ뷨Ǽ¡
֮δẦߡ
ϴһˮĽҲôӳȵ̹һСɽιһ١
ĻСɽϾܶ˯һƵҹ
֮ιӵġϾ̣ʱɵûڰԼҶ̡
˵Ҳ֣ģѧԺ֮ʼҪʶʱ򣬶׼ٸ̸
ƫƫĺԵõó档
Сһֱ׽ԴºһڻЦ˻
СɽҲһУι̵ʱһֱܹɣҲĥʲôġ
Ҳ񵱳ιӵʩ߶ͣǴ۶ϲԼ̡
գȥԺĽڼӡ
ĽĴСǱִģİһĽҲϲԸӡ
СӱĺܺãĽæԼһ˹ԹԵſڴ߿Сɽ
Ľдһγ壬վɵʱСӾܹΧĶӡ
Ľ֪СʲôҲ˳Сӵȶƽӡ
ôˣ
СʣܵǴģ
ǰû⣬ոܵľˣͻȻ뵽һ㣬˳
Ľģ
С֮ǰҲʹʵǡСôġ
СӵʱѾԼ˼ĽҲŪСӡ
ֱʵ˵ǴӰġ
СԸӵ꣬ΪѾ֪˰֮ǰӴΪСɽ
Сɽôġôش𡭡
СӼһֱڳĬǷǳƽ⣬˵Ҳ֪ܵôСԺ飬֪˴𰸺͡
Ľģ
Ľ룬»ǵøСҲǸ
Ǹ˵ЩСǰ棺ýˡ
ȥûȥμǣŵýЩ꿪ƵϢһų˼ʼ
ǿСԪȥ겻μǣһΪû׼ãָ˼ҪһԪأ
ȵ˾٣Щ˵ŵھԵԵͣʸˡ
ܲоٶδ֪ģڵŵڣټзɺӵ飬ȻǼҹЩ
ĽС˵Ļüйأڵʱĸðŵ൱֮ýž֮⡣
˵ǱɷʵŮλԵȵͻ֣Ϊ˱Ҫռ衣
ĽĿСɽ˵С裬Ȱýӭ˵չСӣѲͷһʱ䡣
СӦˡ
СɽιһΣǰιһΣһ϶ֻ
ĽĲ֪ýҪ˵ãȸСɽιһȥӦ
ĽĵʱýѾС˵˰εĻ
ֻһ䡮Ҽҹױɶˣʱ߰˸͸ͲźһˣֻźС
С룬Ҳźһ˰
үź򣬾СӶɵԼ³Է
ڶɣڻôСһֱλչˣʲô顭
С˵ҹ߰˸͸Ǽס°⻹ô޽
ýŵͿ˺֬Щס
֮ǰвý˵ףܾˡ
ҲӣҲĸýȡ辶
Ȼ򶼲ô檵飬ȴӼѾ֣Ѿ˵ͺˡ
ǣĵĸǰΪСĸ˵˴죬˵ʲôҹױ࣬˹ʹһ㶫°뱲ӡ
СǲΪ
ý룬С˵Ǿ˵źôˡ
ҲǡǡþͱĽĸˡ
ýСﲻסӣ룬ԼʧˣʮĸҲ򵥰
ֻĽ֪СΪ˵ûֻ̫࣬ΪǼ˵߰˸͸ȷʵеţСŻôһ䡣
ýۼ⣬Ľ߳˦źߵǰ
򰡡
ĽûǶС˵ȥԺտλүɽǿ˾ҡ
ǡ
ĽһϲЩŮɴ»ȹװ˰Ӱ죬һֱĶǳ㡣
︻ˣĽľ͸һ𴩳ۡ
ýſվԼǰĽģĸСԸ顣ֻⱲӼйȲǰȵһ롣
ǺԴüҵɰ룬˵Ǹ¶ţ
ýѾԤԼеòκջˡɫͨʯͷɫӨᲢۣ
ķɣôӴ
ѾڰȺͬһҲģûҵķȻǸȴЩǲ֪Ҫʶ١
ĽıΪλýҪ֮ǰһԼ˵ٻڵ˵ʲôȢһλ̵ĵŮжĺô
û뵽ýڿ֮˵ˣļޡȥϴӣĵ廧˼ңұ֤˵ǸǶͷĴ
˵ɷϿǸŴҪǿȡᣬֱ˱УٸȢţⶼǷǳ򵥵Ĳ
ĽģͲ񡣡
ýС죺һţֻһѾߣϽݲؽ
ĽĶάʤԼֱ˴ݵλƸ㲻֪Ҫֻݣ䲻ңУһӶˡذɡ
ý㶵ĿĽģû˵ʲô걭͸Ĳˮˡ
˾޵ʯУ黹˲ߡ
=
ߣȷԼҪμӽƣȻʱ䣬ѧоӸ߼Ӧ㾭ȫûҪ˾ֻ顷徭뷨
ַԴѾֲ֡
ΪǰСɽһ𣬸ַ˲ٹͬԡ
ַᾫƣϲˣСǿϡ
ַСë˲٣Ҳֵø
ʴˣѧܵҲڿЩ
е飬Լ硭
ⶼˣ㻹ڿ鰡
лҪ˵Сӣ֪ʢ


119 
ͣΪ˰֮ǰѧ㷨ڻͨ
Ŷһ,תߵʱ뵽,,,Ӧûչ˴󲿷˵,Ķô¡
ټǱ㾭ô,ûڻͨȥҲ϶û⡣
Ѿڿ,Ҳȥ,ֲַֻܸ̽⡣
ַᣬҲã廪,ѱ¹յдĽΪ,ȴܿڿ¡
ǲźۼƨ
ַüĿϲ,ۺ,˵,ƽ͵Ҳдĺܺ,ͬźۼĿ˱º͸ǡ
ȵʱؼҵʱ˻һ⼸Ĳۡ
Сʣַ֮ǰΪβ֮һֲۣҼдĲ
ַĬһ,˵ǰ͸֮ţףСɽµ,ɻǵã
Ȼǵã
ַ˵ɲҪȥ,֮޸Ĳ۵ˣ͡
͵վԴײǽ,ˡһ
ַᵣ춯Ƿ֣æ£˵𼤶
˻ַСૡ
Ҿ˵֮ôʼˣ㾭ҲͰˣȻٻῼĸµ㾭ԭѾҪϰ顷徭еĲˡ
ַῴʧӣһʱȻ˸С
֪ô̼ͬİ
˵ܱͿУѵǴӲ֤бµô
ҲֻӴ࣬뵱Ȼİһͨš
ȵַʣҼҲȥˣȥԶٷȥ¥𣬼дۡ
Ӧˡ
;УַʣҼ֮ҲϤôμӶɵ磿
ַʳ⻰ûʲô˼ӴôˣĺܿƷԣһ˺Ѹ
⵹˵ƷԲãֻһʹˣиѹҲͶѻö࣬ܶơ
߹ϵõͬΪ棬Ƿ·ˡ
ǰμͬҲôȻ֮һַԴ˺Ǿȡ
ŰԼͬ磬ǰԵʱ򻹵ȥҽ׬Ǯ˵˳
ҲҪ⴫Ȼ綼֪ũӳǻǵñܡ
ַͷͻȻЩĽĺˡ
ҽÿ¶ѹСܶࡣңһ˶Ҫѧһ¸ӣʯ»ףټϼﻹЩÿҲЩӣҪȻĳŲȥ
˱˵ţ͵¥ſڣһĹҲͰǵԶˡ
=
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ڴϣСɽܸ֪ãҲûޣתŵĴ۾ѰҵӰ
ɽ۾沿
ֻΪССԵ۾ܴȫûϵǹྡྷŴһֱڻ
ҲĽҪԼӵԭ֮һôÿ᲻ñ
ǰС˵үӾˣڻϢ
Сɽûޣ
СϽɴ۾ʱ䣬Ѿ˲٣˵ûޣҲûιأ
ιСӵʱҲ׼һιñˣмʱҲ᳤㡣
ݺСɽ̾ͰķͶţһ£ܵͷŲӣֻаβǸ߸ߵĶ
ۡСɽڿʼСȥڻȻѸٵĳš
ŵʱ򣬿ĽֻǷ˷ûѡ
СɽŵϤζ¶һЦݣֱֹס
СҲϽ̣СӵĺҺͻһǡСɽȵľǵ̡
СӼŵܵԼݣĵߣҪС̣Сɽι˿һ룬СӾ͹ɵĺ꣬ҵܵܡ
ܵںÿˡҸ
ЦСӸĳɹ
Сӵι꣬ԵɵɵСɽڴϣԼ
Ϊոձ˵ܵܣմζСЬڵϣ˵СԺҪôڿĸܱܵˡ
üЦʣΪʲô
С͸ίܸܵ񣬵ϲܵˡ
СӶӣѹ۵ס
СӸҲ񣬵ôϲ㰢ȻҲϲСӡ
СӾõ˵ĺеǻί˵ûСӾٸ߸ˡ
СԼ򣬡ȥժ
Ȼ˵С꣬ûա߸ǲȳ
ܿö档
СӳţÿվŵĽģ΢΢һЦû˵ʲô
ĽĻվԭأֽŶ֪ø
ˣû˵һ䡮ϲ㡯ĽΪԼˣû뵽Ȼʱ˵ôϲ㰢
Ȼ֮ǰ˵ĽҲܸܵںҲ⡣
ɵ仰ĴУĽֻĶҪԼģȫȻԼϲˡ
ϣĽҲ
֮ǰһֱʹϾĺŬᱻԼĥҪ
֮ǹβһĨ糺죬ûס¡
ˣ
Ľĵͷţ㣬
=
֮Ȼǽܹĵ׼ǣֵһǣԴ֮ĴԽԽ࣬Ϊ֣ķͦϲơ
գۼ͵ѮӦ㾭¼˲촬õĹʽ
֮һ𻥱ȥʡֱפصĹԺԡ
ãˮ·˳Ļܵһǡ
ٴαװֳġ顷徭īֽһЩϴ
ڼ䣬ǻڵһ죬ûʲôԼû鼮
ʱĥٵĳⷽʽԼдһЩۡ
Ͼɱ֣ڻûٵϢų
ҲǷ䴫ţš
ÿֻҪٵʱ䣬ڰ³ǣ硣
ٷΪѧʳʵĳߣ֮ҲԾٴѲ
˴磬涨еĿٶø硣
ǽ빱Ժõסӹٷţٲ
ԺԺһ㶼һӣÿջΪ䵹ҹ㣬лϴ裬ֱľܳ
ҲΪ˿ƾٿܸӹƽ
ûʲôϢֵùעʹȥ顣
ʱҲʼѾѧʮġ顷徭
ظǵʱַῴȻڿЩƾˣ˾
˵֮ǰҲҪ࿴Щ飬ʱ˵Ѿ깦ΣȻڿ㾭
ò˵ʱַһġ
ϾѾȷҪμӶƣǵġС
ԣиĿ飬ԼҲ᲻ôš
ɵʱԼιĲ࣬һʱȥμǡȻʼˡ
ַԼСֽҲѧӣڴͷˡ


120 
յƯ,һٴλص˶ɿڡ
˴α,Ѿ˽⵽Ķƿڶڰ³,һ,ÿաһϿŷ,հԻؼҡ
Ҳ˵,ĿΪ³ˡʮһͰʮġ
ÿ֮䣬ѧԻؼϢһ,ڵڶîʱ֮ǰ,ٴȥԺſŶӣ׼һԡ
˯ٵˣǾ͵ڷԡ
´ǻ,ַ³һһ,ǰȥԺΧҷ,Ϥһ¹ԺĻ
һİ,Χ߼Ȧ,Ļֲ̿еЧġ
Ȼڳֻǵһβμ,˴ιԺ֮Уһֱֵóȵ,Ҳѯ
ַ˵仰ʶؿ
ľٶҶ,ȴҲͻأһԼû,ѾΪס
ԭأû˶ţݵضַס
ַٴ˵ʱ˵,ǾͶӣ³һʱ֮ǰ˶ɿڼ
ơ
ʣǸѧǰԺݰҪѧ
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ǵĴƯںҡҡλΣõǰ洬ڵ˺ٿ
ôһȣСʱ´ʱһҴӱʻ
ַҲƼˣ˵ӴƯĳɶȣ²ǹټҵĴɡ
⻹汻˵ˣͷȷʵйټұ־벻ʱôÿӣӴճ
಻ͷһ
Ҳ˹֣ҲֻӦ
ͬеҲϽ͹֣̲ͣ´ûиһͣϵĵԼлؼˡ
ܸǰˢһڸѾˣʱٲ֪ߵغĴ֣Ǿȱˡ
վھɿڲԶ£ڽűߣһֱֻһֻȻĴࡣ
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ü˰ߵС˹һͲͨˡ
ѹûСˣһʣҸոպ񿴵˼ˣһȥô
ͷӦȻֵϲͣаۡ
˵Ϣͦͨǵ˶֪ˣ
ԭ֮ǰƲμӵԵʱܸߣϾѾԪܳΪԵĵһǿɾСԪĻдԪиŵĳƺԪڡ
¾Ȼյһλ֮ǰƽƽĿ״Ԫ
ССϢдˡ
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˵СϢԺ˶֪ˡ
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Сɽգգ˫Сӡһģһ˫汻״˵ʲô
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ĽСϣ˲ϽΪʵĵ¡˵ֵ£һȵһ׶Ρ
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֮ǰ˵пҧȵһ꣬ʬ嶼ˡ
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ȥƼ࿼ʡĿ٣ǸʡģҲΪͨ٣ʱô£¶ÿٵ˼࿼ʡݡ
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˴εǶƣμӵֻİ˳ɣҲǧҡ
Һһ˵磬һλòĿջ
漸յĿѾȫҲпշĿջҪô֮ǰżһݣҪôԼȥ˼ҽס
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ڶֵǮе͵ˡȥ̲ûˡ
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˻ᣬ˵Լ˸ˡ
Ѿȷʮа˾ž͸һˡǵ˵ʱˣӦǺ˼ҳ֮Ժֿˡ
Ŷٵʱʱܰһһ㡣
˿һӿƾ٣㵽ǵĽڹ۶ҪΪûǮīɽδ̫ҡ
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лҪ˵˼ҳ66º漸Σ˵ġ


121 
˸ѧԷλ͵ڳ,ٴαϡ˽Щ,õıī
ȻڳǣҲ԰ȫࡣ
գۼ͵˰³죬ַᡢһ,ѾʰõǰԺſڡ
ϱ˵ϹԺǰһʵػ,¥
ȻϷ,Ǳˮ·Ǻܶ࣬ԺȴҲʮơ
ǰȥȵʱ򣬾ŵԺԶС¥Ʈɢ֬
ͬеЩһ뵽ϾҪμǣǰסԼ˼
Ȼ˰ѳֲסȥԺ˼죬ȵ糿,Ųݲݵʰ·ǰȥԡ
,յԺſڵʱɫܰ,ŵȺûãԶͽǰס
һɫʹ
ΧС¥,й򿪴ǡ
̫Ĳ̫Ĳ,רЩθߴͷŨܵſ
ǿ쿴λǲǮţ
ӴأǮסգĻ᲻ʶ
˵ҲһԶҲҸϾǹԺſڡ
ѵĸһ˿ѹ·ǹŴһߵţͱ˰Ѽдڸسڡ
ϾǸÿ϶һŷžŰӴû˹ܡ
ֻżпѲ飬ǴӶ￴Űӣǻӡ֡
һŵ֮ҲʮףЩ·ߴ·Ӻģȫȥˡ
ϸţժ·ڻ߷ͷǷмдһһ˶䣬ͣǿףŷС
ڹԺŷŲǰģãֵ˵ͷ
ǰַ˹ԺĵͼֲѾ֪ԺķΣ߾ǿסĵطԷֲǰƵ˳ȥȥĸ߽Ƕé
ͷ뿼ٵסܽڵͷвǾ;éԶԶ
˿˵ʵҪǰȥ½ϣָҲ𲻳⡣
Լĺƣڼͨվ
ȵ˶ϣſһһŷ
ŷڳľ壬һ̿һ
Ȼ׼ȥһɲǻǾʮּ
֣Ҳ׳ֻеߣȳŷ󣬹ţֻоš
һľ壬վںŷࡣȵʹֱӰԭеĵ̿Ҳڿŵĵط
ŶˣһʱҲȥéޣԼڳһط
ڼ䣬̿ģȵ괺ǣǾһһ뿾ˡ
ǽڣⶼľƵģ˳һϣҪҹ𣬲Ȼһûעյǽܿ֡
ۻϸԼŷһȦְһľǽϰȥĵطȨӡһľʵȺչʱҲֻ̡
óīһĥīһ߿ʼĥ⡣
죬Կ־Ҳһ޴Ŀ顣
ڻ磬ҲȣѷɷǼΪʵĵ£÷
˴˵ô£ഩ¡
Ľľ͸׼һģմһȽϺϿԸϡ
Ѿƻãÿ糿Դѵʱóʱд¡
ȵǻսȣľ巿ֲȣָ˻˯ұ֤Լʱ˼ά״̬
ǵĵһҪܶ࿼ֻƾѧһ¼ȡ񣬰Ѻ߹ġ[ע]
ҲԣеĿٺܿѧĻ̶ȣҲǸϰ⡣
ô˵һԶΪҪ
⿪ʼһҪĿߵ徭ĵ[ע]
ȫһģĵ徭ÿӶʮĿѡĵ[ע]
ȰĿɨһ飬һЩչԼѧֲᴥλĿ
ʱڸƻ޸Ĳ۵ʱ˾۹һЩȽеĻ⡣
統Ļʵ۰ֳʮŵǻǰѻλøĻǣס
鵱ȻдڴϣʱϰƵĿ󣬶յⱻõ˰ѱ
ԣѡ˼ƪʱصĿȻǶȽΪӱҲЩģһĿ֪гʲô㡣
⣬һļΪ֡
Ŀֻһ֣
ֱ֮ǰԺԵĽش⻹ҪƬһĻһʶ㣬ֻһ֡
룬гֶĵطкܶ࣬确ܼڶҲһ֪˹ߺȡ
ֻһ򵥵ġ²ǳһ仰Уⱻгġ
ʼĬģѳ֡ľӶд
ϾһտԣڰˣĿҲֻܷˡ
ǵԼϱ׵ʱʦǽⶼ˵˲ȿţд˺˵ÿÿǵͱˡ
Ϊ˿пõķôȨ֮ơ
ڣһֻߵ⣬Ѿ˼·£Ȱ˼·ҪȻ浽˺գܾܿ벻ôˡ
ôһо٣ʱ͹÷ɿ죬һֽҪˣеҪĽ
ԨƪʮдԻ̲㣬֮䳹ҲԻ㣬벻㣿ղ㣬㣿
ԥȷϴ˴οеġǳһ䣬ΪƪУֻġǶϾġ
ҵĿĳ֮Ľͺ˳˳ˮ
ȵǻѾдƪ˹ɳ壬ԼдõķһߣĲݸһ
ʱҲЩˣóԼ׼СҪһˮֳ֮̿Ȼʣµ𣬰ѴĸŽȥ
Ͼ죬͢Ҳ׼Լ󷹡
ȻԼ󣬵ֻһ̿겻ʲô̫˷ʱ䣬̿
ǰҲ֪̿١նãǱһ㣬һЩĶ
ʵǰѹƬȻгɺɵġ
ǰܶ涼ҲЩ
ҲЩʹײˣʱͷ̿￾˾
ײ˾ֱȹȶȥֱӶŹԡ
û취ҪÿֻЯһʢĴߣ˹Ͳܴ롣
ʱ㣬ˮһ˴Ŷʮӣ̿ѾңȻǱõĲˡ
룬ҺԼǰ˶һҲҺԼûдҪȻһֻܳˮ
䷹ûʲô⣬ˮĻǺ岻ʡ滹죬һóס
극ͷ̫ŰϷ϶Ҳ࣬ͷéȣͷǺЩ˯
ʱûȥдۣܳдõݴ𰸡
ҺȲӰձʣټ֮ǰϰʱ򣬺ȥˡ
ʱ룬ٰŵʱԡԺԵ£ɾͲֽӲʵˡ
鷨Ѿڹݸ壬ʱʱûйݸ֣ϼĿ飬̲ס䡪
Ư룬ֲʧǡ
ءзȴ͹λϲˡ


122 
ܳ,ԼȵĻʵ˼ʲôõĵ,ǰϵĶ
Ȼľ岢ڵϣȨһŴϢ
ëʺīˮŻ,ְܳõĴԼࡣ
ȥۺЬ࣬Ȼڲõľϡ,ְѴھԼԶĽ,˯źѹŴ
ŷĳͿֱţֻбںŷķεĶԽϡ
ɾߣȻƽֻܹȡ
ǰַ˽ŷĳߣһңҺźǽ֮ľϳ,Ҳĳ߰루һһ
ʡԺľ嶼ͳһСԼĳ߳߿,ƴĳ߳
ŷȴĳ߰룬Ҳ˵,Ĳº󣬽Ż©ġ
ЬӡϾ϶Ļϴ·,ôͻһס
峿սʱûչЩݣֻſ⡣
ϾסôСĵط,չ壬˵ľضһղһա
Ҫȡĳɼ͵ץסǰ쾫ͷõʱ
ǵһʱ̫ߣǰˮһεεĻۡ
еֱӴ°ϵ䣬ֽϡ
Ĵ⣬ʹϢһɴû˯ϰߵҲߡ
˫ĵĿŷĴСŷַ֮ǰ˵ĳߴ绹ǽĺȡȥľȣŷ͸Сˡ
ôſţȻ˯ˣٴʱɫȻ
Լֻ˯˲һӣϾڿڼ䣬Ľ˯øǳһ˯ʱ
Ҳô̶̵һԼ״̬öˡ
ݵϢȷԻԸ
Ͻľ𿪣ʼдĵĲݸ塣
ʱΧ˱ԹȰдȥˡ˵û䣬̴Ѳྲ
ţոմĿŷű򿪣ôãͲˡ
ʱѵƪĵĲݸ˳ֳ컹ûڣԼѡеһƪ徭ĵı߼ͼг
Ͼ˹Ľתϣ֧ſ۵ıۺҪܹԲ˵͸Ҫˡ
ԣдЩʱ򲻻ֱʾг֧źͷԼ۵ٿʼд¡
оʱɫһĲڣԼܿüûŵ
ϾڽȲһʱдƪģҸһƪĴ˲ݸ壬дһƬ徭ĵ߼ͼ
ֻʣܳģ׫дƪ徭ˡ
Ҫ֪˵ľĻһղһգ֤հдƪ徭ģͲ˷
ַ˵ʱ֮ǰдοã䷢Ǹʵһʱûˡ
ַ˵ǳûĿȥʱҡ
ѴֽɫѾ󰵣ŷڰš
ľٴβһҪСˮ
̿ûȫճɻɫﾡãյˮȡ
ȫġСǸһˮ
ֻЩ̿տ󣬾ˡ
˯ǰĽ£ֻ֮¡éߵʱ򣬶Լϴǹζ֮ȥ
룬ҺԼ֮ǰ˷ҪȻֵһ裬ųԵˡ
ովԱߵһĲΪԼŲЩζ
ȥ󣬰ʣµĶˮſڵĽûгӡʧ㡯ȥĻЩˮ绹Ժȡ
̿Ĳˡ
ҹ¶𽥽ۣͣһȹϣһٸȥ
˯ʱ򣬸·ȴҪůࡣ
ȻˬҹеĿֹۣҲ⿪Ƥֱ˯ˡ
ǿ׳ô˯һȻû£ڶճǻɤЩ֮⣬ܾȵĴ⡣
һ˯úܲȣΣǵԼһ˯ʱֱӴ峿ʱ
Һãոշʱˡ
ֱ첲ְһŵֱ
չһһ¹ǷС
ֻ̳С֩ҲֱӾͷʣµˮ
ֻ̿ʣһ硢ϡϺ綼óԶʡá
˶Ӻȥéޡ
صŷͿʼԼյĴ̡
徭ĵĳ·Ȼ飬ȴܿһ˵˼άȡ
˵ģޱддõĶ˼
˵֮ǰĿġѧԾĵճ̶ȣô徭ľѧǷʺˡ
Ͼоٺ󣬾ǹٸԤۡʵȻϲУҲϡԼĵطķС
˵ЩԤ۹Աǣǵдɫʵ徭ģлӱ
ѡƪ徭Ķǲͬķѧũѧˮ촬
ѧ߶ϢϢأˮ촬ϵܣũѧҲˮϵ
ҲΪдǰƪһƪڻǰƪĹ۵㣬һĴ
һ㲻˴ڣԼĥġ
ٰ徭ĳʮ뷨϶ѧȷԼԺķѡӦĿ
ÿΪóĳһ棬ĵƵģʼһۡ
ȻǶԼĹ㹻ţȫô
˵ʱԣȡԪƺŵ徭ľѡĸƵĿ
һ˵һãڶ̸ԭΣ˵һ㲻ãһһⲻ֮ķӣһϺĺô
ڶԵԼ۾ǣ֪ߵغҪǿٸ̧֣ҿܶвԡ
ôȷʵ̫ðˡ
ѡ˽ΪӹⷽȴΪԼ֪ʶ㣬дעⲻĵط
ƵĹ磬֮ͬ
ΪҪĵĴ𰸼һ˼á
дƪ徭ģͺˣ⻹ʱûϢ¡
ʱҲֱӵŴл˼·ʣʱдʣµƪ徭ĳ塣
ֻҪɫ壬Ȼдˡ
дһ֣ǰҲֻʣһȦڻѻĵ
Ѵʰãִȥé޻ЩѾ̣һԡ
룬ոȥé޵·ϣ˺ŷﶼЩ˿϶ȰԼ׿ŵġ
ҲǷǳƴˡ
ʼ˯
Χŷġھӡλ죬ΪԼҪʧһ󣬽Ϊ̫ۣȻľûþ˯ˡ
һգȻĺ磬еɫʱѾȥӽʱˡ
ʱֻʣܳĹһֱҲ
Ͼμǵǧˣÿ˶˯ô졣
ô˯ڣһ⣡
ྲ
첻ðô
ྲ
ڽӽʱϳŷֻʱңдĻʱȷʵ̫ȡ
ҲûйͬˣʼܳԼһƪĺƪ徭ġ
˹Ժصջ˷ϴͷ˯
ֱ첲ȶ˯ˡ


123 
ڶ,ԸоһЩټϿӦù,óķ
ڵһվдһĲݸ,۾ǰ֮һ
,дʣµĲݸ壬ֻʣɫܳ
ʱ˴
ΪʱһСд,ֽҲ첻ֱþ񼫶ƣ롣
,Ѵſ,һȡȻ԰ľ岢ȥ׼˯һ
Ϊд˴ѹͣһ˯˯˷ſʱ䡣
ŷţλȻ˯,¶ϧȴʲôû˵
ǱϾҲֻѣܸйཻ
Ѻ,ȻԼȻû¿л,漴ʰԼš
֮ôô
˯˺ͷܺ,˵˯ˣû
ַᾪȵɴп⣿
ףд˴ҲſʼϢ
дһʵַ᣺
Ͼʱߣ滹ѧʫǱƴһѡڵڶмʱ䲹ߡ
󣬵ĺӣԼ뵽ĶдȥȻдǰʱ
ͣ±ʵʱָάǱʵĶһʱûɿ
һְֻѱȻٻԼָ⡣
ЦҺ϶Ҫϸ񣬲ܺˮر֣ҪȻָӲˣʼ⹴ճּȻ
һȥʱ򣬴˶緢
ǿĺܺãֻؼյĸо鲻ɵ÷
ַȥ˹Ժǵ룬ԼڿջϢ
֮ôѵûãˣַᡣ
ַüҲ£֮ǽԺá֮ǰԺʱʹӲȥ¥
˵ˣ֮ĶҾûȥ¥òԺһˣҲ֪˴ܿʲôɼܲҰһ⡣
ЦҲô룬Ҳܰһ⡣
ַ᣺ʮ꺮ֻΪԺô
=
֮ǰĽдռǵϰߣԼҲֺܽʲô󲿷дͬգ޴¡
μǣлкܶд
ǴԽˣ֪˻ǰ˵ֻƬﻹԭʷĳҲһʲô
ԺճߵۣĹʣŴ硣
ڣֿԶһЩǵıī
浽˼ಽִᣬЩпĲϡ
صĺϸŷֽĴС̿նããд档
Щ᲻ȥȾԼౡ֮׼
Ȼļ¼ﻹСɡСӺСɽīҲܶࡣ
㲻ᱻ˷֣˺ҲԼŻ塣
Լ뷨ҡҡͷоԼͷˡ
ϱӵǻ˶ʮˣⱲһʮ̬Ҳ᲻ȥˡ
ãԼܴԽҲɺϡ
ÿԺԭ֮߰ǰĻ棬Щ죬һ
ϱӣ˹ϵһֱͬѧϵҲܵڣǸ׷Լϵͬ£˶ûӡˡ
ãԼϱӾһΡѺǣ޹ңȻһ
ֻ磬ķɡǡǣǣʵġ
ԭ˻۴ʦһ
˻Ʈ죬˵ٺУ㶫Ҳʱʱ飬󲿷˳Ȼ
룬ԭĻԼģ
֪˸θУƴȫСɻÿģСӿǣϲ˼ˡ
СɽԼܶɡ
ϾСɽ˵Ȣ˼ҵĸʱ£˵汾²С
дռǣ·Сȥϴֿʼ촬̡
һڹԺͣգ׼ؼҡ
Ͼʱ䣬󲿷Ŷѡˮ·ȥ˸Ĵÿղһˣ˹ƼҲֻĵȺ
ȥƱҹ̸ȻԼδ룬ײ֮͢¡
ԲŴһԼԺķչ
ϾѾǰۣڸǵʱޣ˵ЩЩ磬Ҳû취ˡ
˵ԼоٺΪٵĴ㣬˶ܾȣ֮˵Ц
ҡͷЦȷʵʺϹٳĹĶǡ
˵뷨Ҳ˵ԣѾӶλʱ򲻵٣ȷʵ֮١
˶٣ֵ͸Ըǰ̣
Ҫ֪ǸӣԺɾͷɻڴ
Ըǰȡзסеظбʸд־С
֮Ŷʮһ˲ƴ𣿡
εü˵ͣ㶼˵˸ƴôǣ£˺ܿѾ˭ˡ
˵ʮͷµĻڶͲ֮꣬ʱôѡˡ
ˣǾ͵ڰԼȥˡ
˵²ţǸᶨıɣȴܣԸȥԺѧȥ׫㾭ȥ뻭ͼֽ
ЦŽӵǲڳΪ١
˵һЦ뵽һȥˡ
͢ƲȣԼҲǸոտĽʿױ˵ڻʹ
ڳ͢˹ĶǣԼϤְλϣ󾫵ʵȥ
̲סһƣҡͷпֲѧĵһ棬;ʮ˳ۡҽ㻹Ǽȥԡ֮ǰɹѡ·͸ˡ
־ȤͶˣܻϧ
ףʾƾ֮·Լǻֵġ
ۿˣºؾʲô˵ҹճôѾݽӣӧȥ֮׫ġũɣ㾭
ſڣȻû˵ʲô
ļ˵ԭҲô˵ȥ˾ǣҲһϲ
֮ǰ֪˵Ҫѡũɣ㾭͡ѧ㾭͵ǣû뵽Ĺذѹغ˱µۡ
񾩳ǵĸٷѾʼӡˢⱾ飬ܸܲʷѣ˭֪
ûʷѣҲ˻ʵ۵ۡ
˵֮
֮鼮ΪУԡ
Ȼ
=
ڶ磬ŻԼңĽСɽ˯㡣
ϴ裬ȥۣ࣬С˯һ
£ĽͿԾҵѵĵط˲䣬˯
ҲϰԵ
ԭû˯ͷѾĺܸߣûˣСɽҲڡ·ȥſСΧСɽ֪ڿʲô
쿴ܵܳˡ
Сɽ´ŴЦʱܿ⻬ðһɫС⡣
ЦȻˡ
ʣڣСӿȥĵط
ǸвֹһɽԶһһʱǰĶɿڣȻ˳ʯȥķ羰Ժɽȫһ
Ϊˮøˣܿ͵ĽˮƵĴɽƯ
Сӹɣ˵ȥȥ˵ԺȥԶĵط𣿵ǵܵܵñŲܵҵĵۡ
СӵۣСɽܿСӡ


124 
׼һǸߵʱ,ԺĿѾַпĴһһ¼У׼ȷ
ֵϵĿľ
ǿʼ,רܳĴ,ϳĳЩѧּЩˡ
Ȼ,ȷ˿¼ȡĴ⿼ױдľӣԪԪڶġǿ
,ǰÿܳΪ˱֤Թƽ
ĲΪЩдúáҲдúõӱ
ǰʵ۹涨ԷŰڿ,ȶ˿,ǰμԵҲɱӡ
Աʱ䣬涨ԷŰھʮ֮ڡ
һ£ʡʮŰʡ³ʮСʡ³塣
ڵԭشط,˸֣˿Ҳܶ࣬Ǵʡ
Ƕ,μӿƾٵ٣ƴ˴ηŰʱھ³ʮ
ҲƻһǸߵĵڶա
뵽,Ķһ٣ĲЩšܿͰѹȥȵ,ȫŵ
ĽȻ֪һЩƾٷĳʶԼϾûҲû˻һѿƾƶȺʱ޾ϸļڱϡ
ԼûǷŰռʱҲûзŰһ¡
ĽĶԴҲ˽⣬ֻ֪ʱһ¡
Ǹ죬һ˸磬ʱڳǵĽֵ˺ܶ࣬Сڼϣ˫ȣС˵˶࣬ˡ
ţ֪
ĽŸĶԻһСѡ
Լ򱧽СɽǰǸ˵Ĳ
ǰԶ˺ܸߣ񣬵ɫžݵԵ˫޳
ĽȻһֱһ𣬰˵ô׾Ͳϵı仯
˸һӸճǻĽһΣڳ׵ģ
ĽĵͷԼСɽ֣Щ룬ǸһӶάΡ
룬ԼҲŬ׷ϷĲҪΪ涼ˡ
ûͣסŲЦʣˣ
ĽߵߣûУֻǲֳ˵㡣
üϻ
á
СɽڰĻĴ۾ڵϵĸӡ
СҲܵܵߣ¶һĵЦݡ
û뵽СɽͻȻˡ
Ҳø߸ߣµĺĻһС͸ιһ̡
СɽҲǣҲǡ
ҰҰСɽ֣̻ͦúȵģǾͼȰɡ
˽ɿڣһǱߣʰϡ
ػĽǣСߣ˯Сɽ
ɽǻΪġĽġӻС趼ǡ
С豳װС˫ֽӹǡ
лүл򡣡
ĽĺСӵǣֲġ
СӵʵѾ£żͷʱĽĸԴһСౡ
ٲľۣһɰСʿ
һ֦ǸС޺ǹͰüɰá
ĽҲЦܺÿ
ʱϢڼ䣬ȥ˷Ǯֽ˱īֽһڵ״̬ճ
ͻ룬ǰЩԼġռǡУǾ͸ˡ
Щ⾳治;ãʲôﶼ治СӵƯ
Ȼܴһԭǡʩ
=
һڴϣ˶ɿڣͿվżˡ
˫ĸףһЩƽʱ򽻵
ڰԶԶĸ֣֮ŰˣǷŰˣϣǽԪ
ܴ󣬵ȴΪɿڱ̫࣬쳣ûȫ
ֻԼԼˡ񡯡
ǷŰʱǹ𻨿Ҳй
Ȼ˵˹ǾָǷŰˣڷŰΪٵþ³ʮ
ð˵ϸܿһֱڰߺǿͺͶܼȴ˵ʲô
Ϊⳡǣ׼̫ˣͻȻе㲻̫֪ԼΡ
һ£װ⡢Ƶģ
һ־ͱĽסˣĽЩʪǽŵĺˮ
˵
ĽȫȻϲ⣺ǽԪ׳ƽԪ
Ĭţϸķֱһֱкݡ
˻СҲһ˵ǵһ
ЩΣԼô䵽Сһȼˣ
´ʮ˵֮Ҳ̫ˣɺͺӼ۾ˡֻȻݡ
Цʼû壬Լûõ׼ȵӷɿʱɫѾܵˡ
ǻܲͻȻɣǲǵֱӱ¶Լûʵô
˽һ𳯳ڸϡ
ԺĵﵽлΪǸǮһڼԷ
֮ʵʱߵŵ㣩ͷŰˣھ˵һ˳ŵ磬Ҳ֪ҪȥĶҺͼͬȥԺɽˣûҵͲµȥǱߵǸˡ
ĬˣǵŰһˣ
̾˿˵лƽԤˣԭΪʮŰ֪ǰһ졣
˵Ҳ㣬ƵķŰʱ䱾˵׼ַֻĻţûȥǸߡ
˵пַԭҲ㣬ãһʮһǾˡ
ϧַû˰ɣ
ָǶءЦһʮ壬Ҳôһ㡣
ֻ˵ƽĪҪѹ´λлᡣ
˵л֮ģԽ󣬿Ե״̬ԽãƵҲҿ⼸õˡҴŻַһԺˡ
ƽаžͺá
ֵͣĹǰŰ￴죬֮󳷰浵
Ľŵһеһ֣ʮֻϲ
СҲ˵֣
Сָ̫ʱûСд֣ȴҲ˲֣ԼͰϵõġ
ԴԼ³˵ͽݱĹٲʱ͵ˣΪûˣͰλڿջϢ
ÿջڸ˹ٲһȥ
ͽݱĹٲڼסգóԺúȵĿˣٲȥԼҪϲȣϲѶ
ȻðϲѶȥ⣬ĸ׷ͷ˵¡
ǸһӣΪ̫ŮˣӦúܿԼܸаɡ
ٲǸٲЦǺǵģүɱɷˣˣû뵽үǸߣҵĲǡ
һԣɴ۾
Ȼ֮ǰٲȥջϢƬ̵ʱ򣬹۲Ҳʮֿ̬ôá
룬нԪеġ
ֻϧⶼǱ˵ȻĽȴҲʲһ·ţлԺ飬ԣҲ㹻ˡ
ٲź¹ʱ䣬Ѳ֣Ϊشҿо˵ᡣ
ԭٰʱ䶼ڷŰգԴĴʱ̫ãܶѧȲŰ͵ûȥԾ͸ʱ䣬Ϊ˸ʱ·
ǹٲЦε¹պүʱ㡣


125 
¹Ѳؿо׼,ΪԽԪȻҪμӵġ
絽,ȥݼ˴ǵٺ͸١
չأյĽԪ,Ҳǰ,ȻܵĴл
ǰȥԺڸǵʱͽݱĹٲҲ˸塣
Ȱݼ٣ٴԼͽ,ֻ¾ˡ
Ҳ⣬˵Ǳ,ʦȴǼᶨվ̫Ǳ,ԼҲ֪Ϊ˲ԾͱŲ
磬ټʱûȨ,ټҲΪдºʱߣ̬ȵΪơ
֮󣬸¹磬ڴϼ١
°ź룬,ʮ˷緶
ϯ¿ƾǿһǺǰݼĹٲסˡ
岻ʣʱӾơ
ô˵һ˻ǰ˵ЩлĻԼƣ¡
Ѳ˵Ǹˣǹء
СѲ̸ţɫˣǰ;
ôߣ£
ѵûѹʦô
Ѳ
¿ƾǾƣҾǿʼʫΪԪһǰʫ
һԼصķϲʫҲĻŽأ˲ٴ塣
࣬Թ㣬ʫҲӮòʡ
֮˵Ԫдúãӧ¼ϵʫʡ
ߵпٶĳд
ڳĶǶˣÿ˶ʮˣĶ̲סá
⵹˵ʽжôֻòˣԵʮĿ
Ҳһֱ¼дһԪ滻
ϯ䣬Ǳ˲پƣҺǰ˽ЩͷӣҪȻֱӾ͵ñŵ
ǰӰصġ
Լ䣬̨һźŵͷ˯
˵ûʲôֵǮҲй߸ԼϯȵһŴϣǿɾƺҲϴ塣
⵹Ҫ֮ǰй
֪ҷɸãרѹ˯ǰҪ÷ţӵš
ȾƺȵֽûŻǡ
ŵĸڶһаȡλ˻
Ǻӣֻ΢΢״к
˵֡ơȻǱֹģҲܲס͵͵ĹԸ֮£û˸淢ǾͲ¡
˸һҪȢ檣ͻֵúΡ
¹֮ص˸
ĽѾʰңӺСһش塣
˾ٵײһټǽԪشǱġ
ҪȻȵȥǲμӻԣԺ·һؾҪһ£ٻͺˡ
˴λش壬ߵĻˮ·ڼСӰˮĺ뺦±ֵ쾡¡
ϲվڴͷԶĵط⴬ôˣǰеġ
С£һֱŵ֣Сצʮ
С費ԵʣһԿС¸ҡ
Сɫ΢죬ֻץŵֱ¶ʵ
칫ֻһյʱ䣬ֻƯӿڡ
һϰʱɫҹ·ش̫ΣաһѡסڿջΪϵĿջСҲСĽٴӼһŴ
Ͷ䷿ԼչСɽĽıС˯Сһ˯
峿ţһ̤ϻشĵ·
ȥţӵϱԷĽĺСʰܿͰѻҶɾ
ʱǰŰݷõ˾ͱˣСҲźӹ
˵СӾͳں壬һ͸λȥ˸ǣ˻϶ûӡˡ
С壬СҲȫȻİ
С͵ЦЦСһСǣӶôˡ
С˫ֽӹţӣ飩ˣлл塣
СӽССһ˵Сʱտ⺢ӳ̫Ư
ոȺ⿴⺢ӣС;ıʯһƲۡ
СӿԼ͵Ķ
СһֻǣԼҶӣСѾ꣬꣬Ƥ͡
С֮ǰԼҶӻ̫Ƥ۸СӡʴˣڼĽһ֮ǰר̶һΣ͵СӺܶ඼Ѵ˵ĻԷ硣
浽˼СӸʱСҶӾ͹ɵվԭءСкƤӾȻû˵
ߣǡ
Сǵһ ԼѾɹɺƤĶϿΣԼҺӱ˵Ĵ
峤һֱ鷿˵ǰյ
ǰͽݱĹٲѾһ˴Ǵ峤һӭӵġ
ԭΪٲ˵仰ߣû뵽үʽԪүĸ׵ĹĶ
峤һ·Źٲûһ˿һĲͣͺͽݱһ
ʱŵ˶ں棬ĿôһĻ
뵽ǸŮ˸ʱһֱججȻϽǮ˹ײģĿӣ¡
ʱӾ;Ҳôҩɾȡ
뵽Ӳۿ޵̣ܿҶгϢˣгϢ
ڳĺܶ˻Ů˵ƽӵ뷨һӿǳͷˣϣڵҲܿɡ
ҳһӻˣʱʵܶ£Դ߰󣬾ʧ
ڰӳǻӻͷˡ
ٲֻͽݱݣȥ
˵л峤
лʲôڶǾүˣΪЩӦõġ
ЦЦû˵峤ôΪ˺ҪȻƾԼô˳˳ˮ
ܵ˵ǴܺãҲǴ峤Ĺ͡
峤̬һûΪнԪ͸߸ϣҲӾûүԭΪ㿼žͶˣʱϽ飬ǴĺȥǶʦû뵽ĹǾүˡ
˶٣ʵ֮ǰλү˵֮ǹʿ֮ǽʿˣҪˣ
ףǣܵ˵Ҳǽ׵顣
ķɺӣҪһ
΢΢һ˼֪峤˵ʲôھز죬ʱȥ˴һ£СɽǼǼᡣ
Сɽˣȡˡ
ʱЩһ֪Сɽĵתѡ
ոСɽϢĽҲİѺһϾⷿɽֳòסˣڴҲжż
Ȼ£Сһûע⣬ʲôҧһڣǾ͵òʧ
ԣĽľС˵ҲһֱտСɽ
Сɽˣǿ˫һۿľǰ
ŤͷѰҸӰڸǵļ󣬸ǵһʱЦСɽѾϰ߸ˡ
һŤͷСɽˡĺƤҪ磡
漴ۡĿ죬峤ͣ˵ȥԼ̳ɶˡ
СҲϽȥԼҵܵܣܵܲޣ
СɽવģֻС첲§סĲӣСƤʱ򣬻ԼΪʮ׺ݵĵһۡ
ĽİһĻ۵ף룬ڵСɽ͸Сèû𰡣ô׺ݵ
ȻСƤ˵ۣҲƯ
лҪ˵СɽҺ


126 
´Сɽ§Ÿ׺,Ȼٿ
ﻹһ̣С˸Сɽι,Сɽۿе죬̵ʱԵؿ⡣
СµĻ͵֮ܵ,ȻѡԼ׵ܵܡ
Сɽԭ,Ϊ˯ʱ۾Լһô
뵽СʮƽѵЬӣСɽ̡࣬
ĽİССӾ,˾ͿޣԱһ˯ˡ
ȻΪ˴,Ҳʵ˵ԼСɽԵҪռݸеĹע
С˸,˵СɽոյĿĲŵңԭƽ˾
ĽЦЦû˵
СɽʵɶˣʱǻϢСһͻᰲһʱ䣬ߵĴ,ŻếҪ̳ԡ
СЦݣ΢΢㶡
ټĽģڷԼ۶ı΢ԴڰĵķнԪĵĺӶôɫҲûϵ
Ϊʵţʢڳеֻ̡ԶԶһͣɴս档
СãĽѾȫͨ˵ĸ,ߣĽĶʧ˷ɡ
ԣĽĲ˵ĸƷüҵɰ룬˵һλ˻ɡ
ĽȻ֪С˼С˵ЩԼڸŵȤ£ȫûδԶ
СΨһĴõĻ飬һӶǵá
˶˵˲飬˯˵СɽȻɴ۾ŴβһֱŵСƤ
Сʣܵô˯
СƤҲһ߸Сһ߿
ĽĳĬһ£˵ʵҲû뵽СɽȻôû˯
˵Ϊ˯öˡС㿿ŵܵ˯Ƕ˯ˡ
СӵСûôϢãʵҲЩ
ڵܵ࣬СҲ˵ԼһСƤؼˡ
СƤȫııصİߵſڣٳǰСܵᡣ
СѾܵܣֻµСɽСƤһۡ
»˵һϱʮеĴӡ
СƤЦ¶һڰ˵ոժӳԣ
СţСӺСɽúϢԼԶ˵ɻСܳԹӡ
СƤ˵ǵ˳ԡ
Сû˵û˵ӹҪˣû˵ӵȲСɽͻỵ
ǵôɰ
ϲһ˵ʱ򣬻ԼΪõĶȥ
Сһ˯ȷʵ˯ÿһ㣬ܿͽ硣
ͬʱԼСɽȡôд˳Դ
ԭСɽȡǡȡԢΪˮˮΨȡ
СֳͬԴǡ¾ϣСɽԺһܰݱ˵ˡ
˼һޣСɽԺηչԼ顣
СɽϲƴϲֱɣԼȡ֣񲻳˱Сɽʱɱﵣ
ԣǸ֣ԴԢˮֻǼ޵ıԼĶСɽڴ
ĻֵңӦˮˮԴ
=
һգһϷء
һΪԼԭ£ǰĸס
ûһ˿Ĺ£ĽıСɽҲ£СҲɵøŴһ
Լ˵Ļдֽϣһ飬һͶոĸס
Ұϲոˣһеһ־ңȻʶ֣ҵʶġǷţҸոˣ֮뿴θңٸ
˵Ź񣬵˿ȴƲס˵Щ
Ӱ굽ʮ꣬ʮĻججʵڹ̫˶ڴ
ؼ;УСӿһȵĵϱǱˣСץŵӡ
СӸһվʹ
СӱڻСһȻӸ
ӹԡ
=
Ҫæ꣬׼ٴθһ̤ϻظǵ·
峤ԥǶ˵һڸվز죬Ҫȥǲμӻԣ֮пܼμӵԡѷɺͺڸǣסڴˣҿţҲиӦ
峤ǳϿңҲ֪峤Ϊ룬ôҲȷʵһȷѡ
Ϊһˣǹִϣ˲Ҫֿôá
л峤Ļ֮ǰҲؿǹСɽСǸտʼ˵ʱϣڸջ˵ʱߡ
峤ȵѵһ·ȥǣ
Ҳִ峤ȣ˸ȥǣ˵Ҳжʮ졣⻹ǵ߼ˮ·֮ûˮ½ص
궬Ƴǻˮиֻ½·ûһ¡
ϱ鲢κα仯Ȼĵ׻û¾ⲢװԼѾ˾ϡ
峤ڲټȰֻ˵꺮ȥˣҲŻȥǽļҾ졣
ϵĵл
㣬³˲μӴǣô͵ö
һ·УĩǸᣬͬʱȴǷְô͵õȵµײл˸
ȵǸʱ͵øɺͺ߸²档
Сɽ·ʱ򣬶֪׳ʲôӡ
룬Բ鷢չز
һˮ·ǶɿڵʱɫѾܰǶڳǵĻ
һ˽ϣǰص˼
գٴεŰݷơ
ͣնһȥǡ
ã׵СɽҲǲԣ󲿷ʱ䶼˯λĻ
ֻϧСӣϾ۳Ͷ٣Ҳ֪ܲܿס
еĲյûס֮˵Ц
ͣ˼ǺľȻڸµĿг̶ȡ
ϾҰͼ󣬴˸ǵôʡڼ⾭粻ĵطҲˣٵˣǾĲ˵
Ƹ˵Լǻǰǵ·ߣ˵ǻǶѩ;ɽߣڰ·һٵģЩҲǶúˣ﹫ӣһҧҪǮͳԵġ
üͷšһ˵лͣһǷˡ
ʵڲУǵðһͻش
ϾڼңĽһڸǣЩȥŵˡ
˵˲ڼҵ£ﲻУټԺһԺĶûУʵĲ¡
Ҳ֪˵ٸ취
Ȼýʲôð취ǵлл͡
ߺ󣬴õųһˣڳ϶ϳǵһΪСˡ
˴ʱһҲֱԱߣƺȹĲ豭һ
ȷ
ƷЦˣˣҪˣͻ֮𣿡
Ǹ˺ᶯ˶˵ÿĳ⡣
ƸԼµ˱裬еһڡ
֮ҵֿѣܰﵽȻʮ㡣
˶٣ҵĳǣũɣ㾭͡ѧ㾭֮Ǹոߵλ
лҪ˵
ָǾǽϿ·;ңԶΪ˱·ٷˣȥزʹƣƾƿȥվȡСӣдˡ񲿻ԡųƹ;ԱٷҲһʷ¼Ϊġ顯


127 
Ǹһ£
,㾭ʱ,Ϊ׫Ҳ˲֮,ж龭顣
Բһֱûѵ֮ϵ
Ƶƭʲô벻Ǵ˵顣
ƻʱȻڸ,Ҳһֱߡ
οҲÿζ͵Լ˵
ʴ,˵ڻ֪ԭֻ֮֡
˵,Ѿ˾,̧˿һƣ˵ȷʵг,Ҫġ
˵꣬˵ƸոóıӣȹĵطѲˮ꣬Ҫġ
˦ˡ
ԭĪ,ңġ
ƻ˸ٴ,Ҳĸ
м֪Ҳ֪һ㣬Ǿǡѧ㾭͡ũɣ㾭ռ,ĪֵľҲһֱռ
Ͼһ굽ͷ̵ʱ಻һ룬ʱʿǾڰɽ֡
ʿЩ˱ׯҺũɣ飬ȴɽôֲʳ
Ͼصũﶼ̫һЩũϲˮеϲеϲ
Ϊֵ߲ǶܳԱҲ˵ˣ뵱˲ԲͨЩ˻רƭǡ
ɽˮ仰ҲǿѨ硣
ڽ꣨׳꣩յ˸֪ʵ㾭
ǣھϵĴ󽫾֪£ǻĪдŻȥѯʸԭũֲϽдЩԼľ飬ͬʱ˴ȥĻ顣
Ͻ֪ĪֿУơ˫ֲ˺üΣҳû
֮ƾⱾũɣ㾭ǹȻҵʺϴ＾ֵʱ仹ָ̣ܶߡʿһҲԳƤԡ
ʿܳԵıˣҲȻ˸ͷ
ЧȻһѧ㾭ʿǴ󶼲ʶ֣еԼֶֻϲд
ѧ㾭ǸСãǳ˲ʵӡ
Īɾʦʿǽѧ㾭ô򵥣ôʮڵĳ˷
Ҫһ㣬ôĸ׼ĸǶȥ˿һ
Ȼѧ㾭ûк벿֣ȴ˻Ⱥͼߵ⣬ʦеõһר֪ʶ
ʲôطʵϣЧޱ
³ĪֵľӴȫʤձҳǩ¡ƽԼ
ĪְָȨԼڰͲסǼ鼹Ҫָĥ˵鼮ӱޣҹ˾ǡ
Īֻȥ죬ÿŸͷǹͰǳ羴ĿУν֣¡
ĪָƻԭھҪҡũɣ㾭͡ѧ㾭ı׫ߡ
ʵֻǸӣϾھ﷢ӴõҲܱ¶ȥҪȻƿ¶Σա
Īֱæ£͵͵ЩΪʲôȢޡ
ȻƤ񣬵ҲûΪô
Ͼˣֵ֮ȴעһûʲô¸ĥ˵ˡ
=
գĪԵŰݷ
ϳòĪֽ͵¿ܶӰ죬װΪ˰ȫ
ױʾ⡣
ĪȻߣԼҲоȴһ㶼ʢˡлʱҲʮֳϿҡ
ǲĪ˵ЩĴãҲǵľ˼룬ܿͻָ֮ǰƵᡣȫûմմϲ
Ī߿ûϵڣĪҲֱӰԼƽ

ǮЩл֮ǽ׫ѧ鼮˿ֱҽˣҲһݵЩ¿ϴó
ĪߺܾԼץסʲôϸ˼ȥ־ĪֵĻûһë
ֱ˯ǰŲ׽Īֻһʡ
֮ǰҲ˵ԼҪȥũɣѧ㾭˵Ŀĵأ᲻ͬһط
Ȼûôġ
ͨҲ˯ˡ
үӵ֪ҪϼҴȥǣûбʾȣֱӸһ
լǱҵģһֱڴɨȥ˾ֱס¡ֻס̶̲һ꣬ûԸô̵ʱ䣬ⷿӾʱס
ۿҪлˣϺߺߵԺҲдˮ̶ǵúú֡
ʧЦлʦָ㣬ͽضʦ
үʮˣԺ͵㾡ȥ̫ѹ̬źãӡ
ˣûٵ𣬶ţƺĪͬʱ˸ġ
ֻǵĴһһ˸ûãͷֱˡ
ƿһ˵ĴֻԽԽԶվڴͷǱˡ
ҲͬıʹСıȣŵһĬ
СӲ֪ĬһԭƹȻĪһ·ġ
˻ڴͷС§Ȼա
򲮲ʲôʱٻСӣ
ķ˵Żܾãд֣Ը򲮲дš
СƵ˵ţСҪѧд֡
=
ֹգһ˻ڴƯСɽһ̰׺ԣȻҲһˡ
СֻܸŴһͷ
ܼ֣СӾ̲סλͷСӳˡ
Ź˱ϲûίһ㣬ĽСͽС˵ÿ
⺢ӻѧã˵Ǿ仰
ֻۣʴʲôʱԿʵˮ߲˶ɡ
˵еϣⶼǽ棬߶ʯͷܹȥϡЩ㣬Ҳܳϡ
鷳ˡ
Ҽ˺˵˿ϱ˼㣬һЩϺӡ
Ƭȥ࣬г
٣˼ǵĴ̺طС̾ͺ١
Ľİһ£潽˽͵ζҺҵĵζƷû꣬Ľľյһóˡ
ϺӣԼϺ飬ۣ͡͡͵ȽȣһСԲߦţ״ˢһͣڹơ
СӶٷȻ⣬Ϻ
ĽԭʣµСԣĶЦʣ㲻𣿡
ĽĶ˶٣ԼСҲͶιһ顣
ٹվͿԿˣȥվǰȺúõĳһ٣ڲýʡ
ĽϺɵùԲɱ㻹óԡ
̲סЦСӳԶʱһģһ
С˼ͿĿɰһСֻǰͷſɰһ档֪ޱá
մʱСӶ־
ʣµǮӶһȥڳ·ϸ£ȥվǼǡ
ϿľǿȴܴҾ졣
ĪֵĸĪֵ˵绤ͼСǻؾᾭ
ǰЩ˾ĺǶȥӪѵ˰ꡣۿϾҪˣǵҲ뺢ˡ
һֻҪվմĹ⣬һ·˳ĸȥǡ


128 
˼ջҪһͦ׼ס,ڴСС衣
÷ɺͺǶЪЪ,ٴСϲˡ
ҹز,ֳ⣬ĽıСŴһԷ
߿ˮСƼĲƷϺǰڴϳԵĶϺ嵭ʱߡ
˶,ǵˣлз,İĺҶ,˵ʳ
ҲʡȸСӳ,СǳԵԹԲŻԼݵġ
ڿջϢ,Լȥվ
ȻǵԼǮʹþ˵ġȨվĲۼо˻ƣǸһƯʵҲǸصˡ
Դ˺⣬л˶,ָԼʱ䣬ߡ
ؿջʱ,СѾԼ䣬СӴɢ˷٣ڴ˯㡣
Ľڴ߷ռ,һֱӣǲһʵš
׼⣬ԡͰ硢齵ȣڼһŴ󴲺ױ̨аͲżܡ
ڼķһ죬Ľļ̌ͷСѡ
⳵ɻ˳
ͷѻ;˳ĸ㡢ǺǷϡ
Ҫķɰرѣ˯ɣҡ
ûдˡ
滹й齣ҾСŴ˯
Īɵ˼һ˴ŻĪҵСǡ
佫ĺǴϲ赶Ū̶ʱ䣬Ҳ򲻵ʲôõĵˡ
μ͹صĶδԵعȳ
Ҫл˴Ԯ֣ǵԼһ˶ӺԼİŵл
ô󣬾͸С׼Щǹʳ
ССӴСӰǹֳȥǴҶֵĴǾ͵ÿСӣһ˳Զˡ
Ȼ߰ǻܡ
յĴƯøСɽιϴ򲼣ĽҲƣ뼫ˡ
˵ζĺӲһ˯ˡ
ɢڱϵռŽСЩˮ
ոշɺͺǶϴˣҲϴ˯
ˮ͵ڼŽգҲ
ϴݣĽȻ˯С
׼䣬ջĴҲû󣬰˵÷ַ˯
⵽أģһ˻סһȽϺáС趼סڸڡ
СӡСɽĽľͰһŴռ˶һ룬ǲӣȻҲ˯ÿ˷ѡ
԰ѹ̧滹дӣҲȥ
ʱĵࣩû꣬ĽľˡմҶ˯磬Ҳ˯ˡ
ɫȻɵģ۾ˣҲܿڵĴ
Ľĺܿͷڹϡ
ƽҲǱһĽľ֪ˡ
С˯ȣĽֱ´ЬӾ͵ߡ
ˣ
ĽƿıӣɫӦýҡ
˶٣˵ȥ˯ǳʱ𣬻ܶ˯һʱ
СϹ齣ڻ
Ա߾СӣĽЩߣϾСӶˡ
Сûڰǰǰ§§ˡ

£ǻûѡ˯
ԼƽСſԼϡ
˫ȶڵϡ
ĽſǼⶼϢ
ڰУĶķȡ
˾ô˰ʱÿϵһ㶯ĽĶҪԴرͲᱻˡ
ʱʵ̫ľʰСϴ
ջؿջʱ򣬻˳̵˼Ҷ̣һ·ʱȥˣ·ϸСɽԡ
ǵվʱ򣬳Ѿ׼ˣѯǿҪ̳
˵鷳ˡ
˲ʱԶΪ׵Ϊźµǧ
˶ү֪ҪһؾʴǰϹһ˵Լڡ
һ˳ٵˣȻڲ
ǧһ֪ʱкʱҲΪơ
ԼİдЩлĻԼھǵסַ
ǼİĻ
ǧ۹ⶾȻ忴ȥһҲְһʮĺӱȫ
ʴˣӡ󲻴İӺ͵ݸĪҶү
ĪҹɾϴΪһܶ£겻ھǡ
ϥֻһӣ겻꣬Īĸסǡ
϶ʱһֻ۾θҲˣöۣǳս۹һֱھ
ͽСһͷϡ
ձĪȻп˼ĹȻãֻҲܲսϾֲпɱˡ
Īүԭİ£Ͼİô࣬һſ¡
壬°ͣߵĹܼңǲе죿
ܼǽˣ˵ָϽ֡ͬԴ
Īү㶣Ͻ˵
ϸƣҳԷټһĵطҲԽԽˡ
ټ˵үסַ񡭡Ҳ졣
ˣ㵽Ϊֹ˵
Īүֿ˿漴žһϡ
ùܼͳĵܵţ飬ĻȻֻôһ䡪
磬ʮ¶ʮһվɽվ¿ƾһ̡
¿ƾֻ֣
ڼ䣬ĪүһƥӢĺػ˶ȦװԼѲӡ
˴νĺسʱڶĵڶһ·϶µ̸Լѧʲô
ĪȻֻо꣬Ѿķ緶صڴߣֻСµĵܵ˵ֻżһ䡣
佫ҵĺʹžʣˡ
ĪȵܵǶһȺǲŷ
ǷĻϾĪ˵¶г緶
ΪĳԺҪ𽫾鹵ˣСͱ̵ҪءҲܵѡ
˻Īÿʣ壬ոսǺˣ
ĪүȻʮˣʱһģһүʵѡ
ĪԼĿͨıӻһҪôѲߣ
˵ôŵĩβ
ԣŻдһʡ
ͣʱĪүСּլԺ˵ˡ
լԺĪ֪үүʦϣСҲѧдֵǷǳġ
˵ѧϡһ˫ʿƵ̸Ҳ˵˿˺ܶ꣬׺ͶͬԿнʿ
û˾֣׷
ʮǰүӺҴһµͺ˾ˡ
ǱϾǽرҲû˸˵ʲôö֮Ҳû֪ˡ
Īү˵ǴլԺ͸ϵлʦ񡣡
ϲ볯Ϊ٣լԺҲûѡڹԱĵطΧǼҵ׷Ķˣ߼׾͵˽ֵλúܲ
ĪɫҲ岻סȵ˼ǣʵϵĵӣүү͵ʦܣ


129 
ȻĪүµһ㣬仰ֶӿ˵,ǻ͵һ
ĪүԴʮǰ,ÿҪҩ
ֶӼؿڣùܼҩ,ˮ̷,ü۳һֲ
ΪΡ
ĪүĪ⸱飬ֵʱ֡ܲϣ˵ľʵĸо
磬ֶӰ
ĪүѾ֪˵ֶϳ,˵ԼԽԽȥˡ
֮Īүֶӵദʱ,һֱ˲ļӡ
ż,ҲֶӸӡ
,ҲĪүԸйء
ʮǰ,˭˲֪ġͷүΪϲ£ֹԴϴ,֪Ͻ˶پ
£Ҫǻһ϶ѯװʦôͬʱȥ˸顣
ĪүֻȦһƾ֪һ
»ֵĪ
ĪùܼȷĪүȥϢѡλðӪկԸ˰һ˵Լұϡ
ȹܼҳ,Ī˵Ȫ壬ȥй仰
ܼ׼ߣĪֽס˵ϵͽܣ㲻үүһҲҵƽҵĳһ԰ݷðɡ
һȺƤӼߣ϶ʣ磬Ҫȥ
ҪȥժӻǴӣһ
ģҲҪȥ
壺ң
ۿһȺ̶ҪĪֻתüķԸš
һȺȥĪע£һԹԵ˻ȥȣϧ廹ûü
ȵĪԶˣÿĿСԴ
϶ȥˡ
Ҳȥ˺üΡ
ģ浽˭
壺ҲǴδޡ
ɣţ
дʣҪȻΪʲôǿ
˵ͷе
϶˵ȥ
ߡ
϶һ
˵δޣ
壺ı
ĪүвλСүӪ䲻
һе΢е㳤ĸСүȦߣĲݷ֡
ʱֵɫڣӪѡ
ʿǶڰӪկѯʹԼɷȥæ֮ǰǧˡ
֣Ǳڿ⣬һ˸
Сһ죬͸СӶԻѵȤܴɱȼ͵ƺˡ
ĽıСɽι̡
ĪʱСʣΪʲôҪȼôĻѣֲд֡
ڼֵʱ򣬰ͻѵоһ͵ƸЩ
ͣɽ󣬻С˻رϨԻҪյһ㣬ȻȻҲ͸ˡУɽҹҰ޳ûջҲΪ˾ǲҪ
СӹɵġŶһ˵ǱϵǶҪ
˵֮ǰλǧֻˣϵı黹Щ΢
˼֣ǸСӺ͹ܼˡ
½ǣǣСӣ˳ǧָķһȻԱ߼һλ羫꣬վŵüĿ˳һҲӣžǹܼˡ
ٰСӱȥδ⻭㣬ֱǣŰ߹ȥ񣺡Сүܼҡ
СӴҲѧŵȻӳ۾С¹һ
ܼ֪û׼ûʱ˵һ䡮һҪԹԵġ
С͹ԣֹŴСһ
뵽ܼϵЦݶࡣ
̵ܽӵˣƷȻȥ
ĪҲ񣬵½ĪоɼҩѾ˯¡ʴˣǲСǰѯտ۵
ԽɣȻЦݵ壬˵ˣһ·áοܸŽһؾ֮ңµŵлǡ
ĪСܿ˵׵Ļֻб¶⡣
СðǺιϵ
˶٣ᣬ͵Сһҹϵǳ֣һ¾ܿϵӰдһʡ
Ī̬ȺܵͣһλСһһСӡǵûƮƮȻֻΥ͡
룬ʦʲôҪû
ǽ飬ϵĹϵҲ̶ʱ䣬ʵ˵
ǰ£°ΪʦĹŵӡ
ĪĬһ£ָһ
ҲǼҸʦô˵СӸýһ塣
Ͼּƭˣ˵϶飬ǸῪôЦˡ
Сȫ̰˵ȥԱߵĻѣҲһԲֻǽקŵӡ
ӳһѵĹ⣬ǣǿɰ
Īѯʣλǡ
ǣСӵ֣˵ҵĳк
˵ԳƶˡҡҲ֮ǰ衣
С룬ʼҾк˰
ǸİӣԴ΢΢á룬ҲĪĹܼңá
ܼҴǵЦһҪǶٴ涨ˣҪ̲סЦ˳˵һ䣬áá
˴Ҳ̵ܡ
Īţ˵Ī
ոܾû˵Сӵ֣ʱŮֶ˵ȥ߰ϵ¡
˵ĸŮԸԳ֡
ҲԳʱǰĪСûϸ˵ӵ֡
ˣֱ˵С֣еС˵ˡ
СӺǼ飬Ҳû˵֣ӿڴͳһǣĪǡ
Īùǣָ˵λãŴŹܼ뿪
Ľһֱι̾ͺСɽ˯ˣҪҸ硣
ʵĪҲû뷨ֻǾСƯŶ˵һ䡣
Ҫ֪Լҵܵ˵ôȻûһ
ĪĸܵܿԹһ㣬ǻɵģͳƤģ塣
ĪҲһơ
Ȫ壬˵ʲôʱȢӣ
֪ʵȪ壺ÿү˼
Ī˵ҲԸˣĺһҲôԡ
Ȫ壺ϣɡԼСүܡܵǡ
˵䣬ǵѾˣܵȽϻ࣬ΧڻԵ
Ī˸Ƿȥ
ǵӲˡ
СӵֲŶټСֲ֪£ָһҲֻץһѸպ
ĸ˳죬Ǿһ硣
Ī˵Ҳǡ
ΪƤͻȻһŲڴĽϣôſڵʱ䣬
϶ĶĲˡ
֣ⲻô
Īĵĵܵǡ
ߣĪһߣСӾק֣վ˺þãۡ
䣬ԻôĪЩ
ϽӱӺܹԡ
һֻӣģǱ߿ˣȥԡ


130 
ĽССӳԵĶͱȽ嵭һҲǾĵ,ֱӿԡ
ʴ,һ ԵȵС˶
һȿ꣬ĽĲô,ڼ仹ȵ߲
·,߲Ҳ඼Ұˣúֻеζȫưǰúȡ
ǰִ֭ǰþʱֻΰ,ҲԴһζСӺϲ
ô˵ˣСҲֻ,ȿԿ,ǹɡ
ʵԱĽ,СӸĻ
ô˵,Сӿܾ͡ݼɡһ˵ȡ
Էǰ,֪С·ֻܹԹ
λǧʱĳ֣һȥϢ
壬Ĭܹwanԡʫ硷
ĺӣȻϰ,١顷徭ҲǵûᱳģҲдзǡ
Űܹ꣬ǰǰˣڱӪ꣬Ͱʫݵ⣬Ļǵã
ܹ֧֮ͯ塢塢塭ʲô
Ҷ϶һİĪҲ겻ѧЩˣǵá
ɴ˵ˣ̫ѣҪôʫѧһʫҪôͱʥ͹ѵ
Ȼȥͷʮ顣
岻볭飬һǲס
Աʥ͹ѵֿ̫ڣ߰ܲϲǡܹЩӡ
ܹ֧֮ͯӄӄ֪ܲСǣŵ֣
ʫܵ
ոնԶСӣټһ۾ϳ
۾һԶԶԣأ
СӱͻȻ嵽ǰŵúһΣ˵֣ˡ
廹ٿǰһĪס˵ܵܣ񡣡
ڣ͵ðСӱˡ
˵磬ոտû˵ʱˣȪ岻˵Ϣˣòи˻ģɲҡ
Īһĺߣû˵ѯʣҲǴյʷ
Сӣıŵˣɤ˿ǻˡ
嵱¾æң㡢ްҲȥˣߣޡϴ
СнԼܼ˵ᡣ
ȻĪ󣬵ǸСӣǸԸ˽
ܼޱͨ˵ϣҪŵС
СүסһĪҹ֣˯л졮ޣҲˡ
˻Īȥ˯˵۾ÿЦһҿҾ͸ݺ¡
ĪüƾɫܿԼĴǡ
˻Īԭ׼˯ˣͻȻһԼҰţɣ
ܲλ˭֪
ֻǺ漸죬ûСӵˣˡ
һ˾ôʮһգˡ
⣬ʱǰӦÿԽǡ
֮ǰ·ʱ򣬹ܼȪżģ˵Щǽֵķò
յزӡ
ŻжξʱҲ뽫Ķ顣
ϾֻϿľˣûֱӾͰϽô
ܼȪҲǸˣѶӺֱӷԸ˼ӿ첽ܿ͸˲ࡣ
ÿټҴ簴ȥˡ
Ϊֹ֪Сʲôء
=
ϸլԺλùȻ滹нɨ
һʱţÿ䶼ɨ˳Ⱦ
˳򼸿Ǯ¾˵Ĺ֣үģСľһֶ˵
ˡ
Ժӵʱܵ͵ҲûסʴΧھӲ֪ʵݡ
ϼҴڰҲǰǰضѡ
ֻ˳Լ֮ⷿݵģǸϿʴʱһꡣ
ھ˽ӵ˰׷ԲԵ¿ϾϿôĻټ
ЦˣΧϿľ˺ܶ࣬¸ӣմҾһۡ
ھӼͲ󣬺ȴѾСһ˵ºǹɣһȻҲڽ˵ˡ
пȢӵĹھΪʱͿţһ
ЦŽͣҲţɼȣƾں󡣡
Ķˡ
ھӻȥһ룬°֮ǰţ׼ԣǴ̶Ϳ˾ˣ
ȥƣƣҲ֪֮һ꿼еġ
һУٶȶ˵Ƿǳˡ
һ˾ôھǶ۱˸Ҫһ룬򵽵ĶҲࡣ
ţ顢ţ⡢з˸ϿĶǶС
ֻЩرĹϹ߲˺ľʣµİڼԺð졣
д˼ĸԺȦӡ
ѾʮµףϹʱ䣬Ҳֻܸϰ׼ˡ
ʵ濼˾ˣͲؾȥԺѧϰ
һ£ǰԼоԵΪʦͳȥʦ°ݷá
ܶͨ˵һûаΪʦΨһʦֻǽ鷨ġ
ȻøǵȦӺԺİ
ҲԼĿҪ֪˶ǽǵģ֮ǰڸûİʧ󣬾ǲԻɲٷͬĴ
˼ҿһССĽԪԼܵˡ
˵ȫÿǧңɴ󲿷˶ҪμӻԵġ
ǵȦӶͨ˻ǲмһˡ
ȻĳȥİڶûκϢͬʯ󺣡˵һˮûŽ
˿ʱҲֵС
ÿ齽д˳żܿСı飬
˵ǵĿľΪ˲μӻԡͨύѡ
Ͼֻж̶µʱ䣬֪֪ס
ԣ⼸̬ȶ顣
Եҵڣ·Ѿ̫ʱ䣬ǶԼһ̶и
֪ĸԺİ㶼Ҫʵݵɽǰ
˵ѾھǷԭǸλͶԡ˵ʵԲ˻ɡ
Ӧֻǡͬͬգָ׫ѧ㾭ͬһǣıߡ
ҾþǱˣˡ˸ʮ꣬⼸㶼ϣв
˸ôԶѧǴũӳôǮס£
Ī˵ѧ㾭͡ũɣ㾭ʷأ˳ߡλƣʱ̫ݲߵĿһ˵žûɫ
һλ֪Ҳûŭ͵Ҳû»ǵպǶˣϡ
պ󣬾ԺĽΧһá
Ǽǰ⣬ǱˣҲáӦֻͬͬա
һλҵ׷Ľͺվ˵ұˣ˵һ䡣ȷ֤֤˾Ԫ
ʲô֤ݣ
ǽƹ֮ǰѧ㾭͡ũɣ㾭ʷѣѾ͵λԪˡ
ʱ׼ֻɽǣ޻˵


131 
ȷݺ,ֹͣ,Ҹɢ׼æԼ顣
ʱ,˵˵˾䣺Ժӡˢ飬ҪҪʷѰ
ԭǲģ,ǻô
۵Ľ,պյԺĻţ滹ٶʮƱ
˼ҰǮ,ȻõŰݷñʾл⡣
Ժȱͣоһ㶼ȥ,ڴ˽סѰ˽
ȫûЩ뷨,ҲֻԵıл⡣
ӴĽа,ƽչԺսֻǵŵл,ԼҲ˿
֮󣬻Ϊ˵Ҫӡˢƹ鼮
ںܶ࿼о˵ĶУЩûһȣȫһ˵ˮƽ
ǡѧ㾭ֶκ򵥣һĿȻ
һھھԺ,治øְλ
Ͼľ̫,ڵĽޣԴھԺҲвٽԪԪȡ
ȻǹʣһȺˮƽƵ,Ҳ㡣
ڱǰҹŵˣԺԺô˵Ҳøӣ
Ʊյһʱ˵ũңоǳ׶֪ʶȱȡ
֮ۼоݣƫŵװԣܽӵϻ֮
ܹ㣬оҲ㹻һʡԪͷʵ顣
ڹ۶ʼ˵˴ֻΪ˵лԺ
紫ǳԣҲͶԴ֮һЦʡ
ȻʵѧڣƾѧʣпֱԪڡ
ôһЩ̹ˣǿǾԺ
ȻȫĴԺ֮УϾӽ¡
нϿľ˶½顣
Ȼһʼͱ̬Լֻڼר飬ÿԺѧϰ
˵Ҳ֣ǾԺˡ
ɰȴΪûҪԺŤ
ҲĲ࣬ҪˣҲֻվ
ŴÿԺ϶ڰɽԶڳǣ׽ľɽ֣Ҫϴѧ
ӾԺлؼңСɽСӻ˯СĽһȥ˵顣
ǰ˸ʱÿš
ֻǻ˸ĳӣ˵Ҳ廨š
Ľûñ̬ȵȻ࣬ȫںΧ˵͵͵ӡ
Ȼھǳģȴûš
зڣȻһЯ߹ǵĴСĽĸоޱԲ
ķꡢʱãһһǰ
СĽرĶвһһЦݡ
ϣĽεԼСʱ
ǻûаߣСצŰӣǶȥˣʲôʱȥأ
ʵУֻǲ˸СĽ˱Ǻ«ʮ졣
УССĽ˵ȥһ˴ȥˡ
ξʮͷһתСĽק۽ǵ˳˷
ȻʶԼǻʶξеСĽȴޱȰģĸŷ߱龩ǵĴС
顢¹ӣ˸ֻӺμǡ
صСԺӺ󣬷ˣСĽߵֳ˰
ʣģĿģ
ССĽûͷҲûҡͷҵѰҷ
ûз࣬еֶ᲻¡
ѰĽ͵ؾѣ˫ĿǺķ䡣
ĽĲŷ֣ԼһУֻϵһϡ
ˣ߰ţ˯УһҲӲĹ
Ľĵʱ˯һͷ˵˶

ţ
϶ûͣĽĵ´ܿ챻˼
ڻ硭ô˵Ҳ壬΢΢ſȡ
˵£ԺúϢ
˴ʱʼ賿㣩ֱڵʱ㣩ϵĵһٷĽĶڴϳԵġ
СΪˣ۾ۡ
ĽͻȻָУֻСȥܵ˵
һֱԱһĲ˼
찴ĽʱǾ仰һ棬ղ£Ǵ¡
ǶѧףƾȻİ
ǽԼǰһʱأոջؾǣʴڲŸš
ڶ˵Լ׫飬ѯɻо㾭˵ˣмо뷨ֱӵŰݷãټİ
˵ʵڵģĳȥаУףİʵġ
ΪףǱо㾭ڹҵӦõͷˡ
ѾоһӦ㾭Ӷѧ촬֪ʶĹкܶ඼ףעġ
ףҪάһ͢һζĿãֻõ˸Ű衣
ֻɱǿǲҳһ
˵ڿЩ磬ܹб޻
Ҳֻ뾡Լһౡ֮һ˵Ŭı䲻ʲôҲԸоϡ
ףĻţаٸн
ʱףдʵдһֽžֽ
Դǿеظ˵о»ɬӦ㾭Ǳѧ㾭ϣ·ϼȥ
´ƹ㾭ռȻ硶顷徭ġ
󲿷ֿȻšұ徭ѧ㾭ܿš뷨
Щ֪Ҳֻӵƹ㾭ʵԡʱһҲ漰ѧ֪ʶ
֪ӴˣҲʮˡ֪ˣ͢һٶʮ߸Умλ
ͻȻоǰ·ѡѡ
רо㾭̫٣еںܶо͸һ
Ӧ㾭ûЧʱǵоעòҵ⡣
ףʦеȴȻǰ·鲼ҲնˡѪ߳һ·
¾ͰͲסֱӻ·ͷҲڣֱӰݷף
Ȼ賿ǻ˵ġ£ԺúϢǼٵġ
Ľ֪ҪţͲһ𼤶ˡ
Ҫ֪ĽĿǰ⻰趨һλʦ
еǵпɼĵطеǶڼ͸߶֮ʵǵĻִ
ƾػ侳Ŀ¥
Ȼһ飨ṩ
еĻơⶼʼ¼ġ
ʦСġ
ʱ¡ĸо
ȻҪĵطһ롢ԿƼ߻صĲ²⣬ǰδеĴչ
˭֪δĿƼһأ
뵽鲻ԽͷĴǣûü˵ͼС۾ɴ󣬻ͻȻӲ
ͷһСӲ֪ʲôʱܹצӿ˫ۣʵֵָĺܴȫûڵĳ⣺ߡ

֮ǰСΪǵģ㱻ȥϢҲʮֲġ
ʮ֡ʮֵۻһٷֺСڿƲסŰ
ޱ룬С·Ҳ̫Сˡ


132 
ŴԸŮӵԼ,ΪǵҪ
˵˼̫Ȩ,Ƭ˵ŮӺ͸ʱ׽,Ҳһֱı
ʴˣĽĵÿոСӹ䲻ܱ˵Ͱ˱§׹ʱ,ûֹʮͬ
ǵԼϱ,ԿŮͯͯ,ܶﷸˡ
˾ĵ,Щʼ˵ƨʹ,ҳʶʲô
Сʵ룬һҲֻ߲·ʱ,װӵˡ
ȻǰӵĸףҲˣñӡ
תһ,Ȼô,ôҰӶ˴,ᱻռȥ
ĽӲתƻ,Сӣܵ𣿡
û,ɻã
Ľһ£֪뵽ʲôɫЩȻ˵öˡ
СӻȻƫ,ʵͰߣΪȥЬۣһڴϡ
ӵСǼԴ𣬾һֱ˯ԼС䡣
ƽʱ˸·߻ش壬л˯
ŰӺǿġ
Ű̲סЦԹԸһϢͻ
ţСӿͷ
=
ȥףңſڣŷԼյź̫
ϻȥҲ¼¼ռϣռǱоһ׮̸
ʷճΪλӦ㾭ѧʦĳΡ
˿ֻ̣ԼԴֻѧо˷
һ죬ǹҵԶ
ףƼҲһȫûϵСѾȻ˿ʡ
ףԼ󣬵Ϊ紵ɹܣֺ׳
⸱ģˣµׯں
ȴ׽٣Цףо㾭Ӧã±عףҲʮ
˶٣ֽ͵յţֱӾ͸Ϲִټ˴񣬻
εŰݷһλ¸صĳֶȷʵʧ
ףƷǵûΪûŶŭЦӭš
ѾʮָˣֺαںЩأ
Ǳо㾭ǲ࣬ôᣬףƶ
Ǳѧ㾭ףͨһ飬ǳ׶ΪȤ
ռ㾭ãͯ㾭Ȥ
ʴˣףƺǿȻҲͷεдôŸ
ûйڴźȻһʱ͸ˡɼҲϲ㾭ġ
ףƸֱ֮࣬˿һơ
ǱߺȱģûأֻҪѧȤҶþƺò˵д
ˣ
֮ĽףоʲôԺЩ㡣
ֱ˵Լо촬̣ӴĹ켰ѧоԡ
ף۾ٴŴͨ˸뾩Զףƶоֻܿ¡
ԭΪо׫ɻ߳㾭
û뵽оȻһ

ףһվȥ鷿ִʣʶպīˮֽϻͷʹβӣдһЩݡ
ܹҴж󡢶أ𣿡
һֱоûдֱӱҴݵֵ
һףҲûΪĸݶСʺ㡣
о촬ҵѾã㷨ѾģԼ˲ٶ辶㷨
ףЦһ츳ĺ󱲣һס
֮ףƲȥȥھǶɿڵĴ룬ѯпͬȥԴ˼ֱ֮ãȻӦͬС
֪ʶһ棬һ档
̸ֽվǲȡģʴˣޱϧ
գףƺȥ˹ˮ˾Ĵ룬ִʣרĵļ¼ݡ
żҲ¼ף빤Ա۵Ľ
ǹԱļ¼ЦŶף˵Сͽܽһһ˾񶼼¼ĸ
˶٣˵ͽܿо˹Уֱﵱ˾ÿҲЩٺ»
˾ǾƷְ˼ͷֱӿڸ˾ְλӦǶˮ˾Ĵ١
ףüЦҲ
ǹԱףƺ«ʲôҩףƹϵãҲ˳ףƵĻ˵
ǲô㲻ã
ףƵҲͽܣǸһо촬ͬ顣˾¼ί˼ˡ
Ա׺۾ɵͭôʶף˵Ҳʮˣûйκͬ顣
ףȵǻҪ
ףҲȻͬ⣬ûĥڣףƾͺ˼ˡ
ǵͬΪı
λԱ֪һվףߣʵĿζ
Щ˵żٴյĻʵֻǮˣǿߡ
ԣܵõףƵϿɣѧʶƷԿ϶ء
ףһߣ˹֣˵ڴ˵Ƿ
ףû˵꣬ЦҽʮߣԾ۹׼㲻ǵȼ֮ͽһ塣
һû˵ͶȡɣǳȰӦ㾭
ȻһŰݷãҲᲽĴҴң˫ֿյĸˡ
=
ֹһ£ԽԽע⵽ף߶һλͬ顣
Ϣͨģ֪Ǳյ
·ֻоǳ㾭ĴŲơ
ףоĶɶʮ»ɬոһյĸһôֻѧ㾭
˵˻Ա˸ףһԷյԻ
ɲʲô˶λͬʱ˵ϻġ
壬ȦϢȥҲš
ͬʱҲ˸̽Ϣˡ
ĻһϵױţżݺϷȫýҪ۸ҲҪĹŵӡ
Īүǵ˼ʲô
ŵ˵ضү˸˶֪°ʦϵ˼ʱҪͽ顣
ĪΪҪġ
ĽϽѾ˦ֲ£µֻĪү̫常Ƕ
ĪҲôһġ
ɣʮǻҲøųȥʱ̡
ٹʮʮ꣬鹽
Īֻ˵ǣԲǣŶʮһ¾ͳҵʦܣһϸŸԼ壿
Ī
̫޿̣Դһ¡
̫ǸģˣĪԴʲô
Ī˵˴λؾ;УйһӴܿзǣȨǴϵͷ飬ᱻϵӵڱΣ㾭ķչ
Īү֣ԣ
̫Ҳʮͣǲһû뵽ԡԡԺԡһ·ԪƾľǵԪ״ԪҲǲܡǶ֪ϵĵӣһΪԺ鷨淢չӰĿƾǰ;
Īĵͷȥˡ
̫˵Ȼ游͸׵ʦܣýƹԼ棬϶úд
ĪүԴ͵͵ĴȥǰôĪүš
ÿձͷɹһ㡣
գСŵʱһ·϶۰Ͱ͵سŵ
ĿϵʱС۵ĸ첲ֱԱȣ˵ڡ

ĽԭڱСɽ壬̲סЦҾ˵ôһֱʵʲôʱԭ͵һ䡣
ʱĽĻСɽͻȻ٣

Ҷ̵һ ˡ
ĽҲһĴͣҶ˵ʲô


133 
ӵĻ,Ժظ֡߷һ֮仰
ɹҲһµĳɹ
ǰѧϰŵʱǴ,ȥ͵ö̫һʱȥ˸ǣոһյĶֿ֣ԺˮرߣɹҲǲɱġ
ֻһֱڱɹʱ˵,ټСӶĶԽԽ,֮ǰĳ
Сɽһ仰,˫Ŀɴ󣬵ɽеˡ
Ǹ׼ġ١,ֱӱˡ
ʱȻܸӵ˵
ȻȻ׼,ѧ˵ǻеġǡ֮
̻еĨȥոյĴˡ
СҲȫûʶʼܵ˵ʲô˵ĵܵڻ˵
СɽῪˣüٽصϲոŨ˵㡣
ĽСӷ·,ĶϺõ޻,ѡͬɫϵĲ,ȵһٸһ,ϲ졣
ĽڸμӻԵ·,ֻûŰ񹫲ܴаĽʱƵĶǵºͰƷа׼һƤ¡
ȥƲμӻǻ͢͹涨ܴаԷЯдֻܴƤ¡
ǲ׼òϺƤȵһŰ񹫲,ѵӶӼ۲˵һõ
ۿϾҪӽأףȻÿ״򲻶ܡ
Ȼͬȥڵֵ٣ԼָֻģһЩ΢ǰû˸ţڡ
ףʱǻΧˣ˵ǲⴥ
ЩҲǱѧϰֻ̬Ǿͷ̫ЩܶʱףҲֻиͷ߾һʶʱ֪ô͡
ϦǰգףҲٳţڼꡣ
һ˾Աɺֱոˡ
֪ףǱߵ߾жʮƤһţƻľһС飬»ס㡢ŹǵӦоС
˴ŹٷЦģϳƽʱҲġ
ЩԱɴ˰ŵҲȡܶûҡҪףУƽơ
Цл
˵ҷͺá
ʵʱĵĽЩ͹ʽϽͲֱӻͼ͡
ȷʵջΪֹ
̶һµʱ䣬ڴĿڱֱ
ù˺ܶ˵˵޶ڵңն߶š
ˮ˾촬˾ƻˡӵˮȹ̾ѣ˵˰Ҳһˮ
ȷʵ벻ĸ㡣
ߺĽȥƤӲ񣬵⻬磬ÿԴԡ
˵ǼӺãÿٸһƤ¡
Ļ̲סߣ֮ǰǼ㹻ˣģҲֻһƤ¡ƤŸͺۡ
ĽĻͣӸõ㡣
Ц˵ƾƴѧʶƤһ࣬ı䲻ʲô˵ˣŷл裬̫䡣
ĽĿԼұɹһ㣬ȴӴŵķֻúܿ졣
߰꣬ӶˣڿŷȻԼÿһ̶Ľ
Ľı˼ƮúԶԶ
ڸСǻӻͷѧϰҡʱĵ׶Էϲʵû٣ȴҲ÷㹻ˡ
Ҳ̵һ̫ãάϵôʱ䣬Լ÷֮£úã㣬Ҫں۹⡣
ɺΪ˹Сӷ˼Լһ˴ȥڵ
ǻʼҪľͲǡྴˡ
뵽ĽȻ˷Ӧֺĺܽһ΢ĶܿͲ
Ϊôʮһ꣬ͶʮˣҲѪյͣ鶯֮ʱķӦʮԡ
ĽĶ֮ǰѾѹ¡
ǰ͵žըŵƻӳźŵĸ֣ڸְڼܰĶ
ڵŻƵİβϱˣ˭ûעЩ
=
ϦҹСӡСɽСÿ˶յһѹǮ
СӹؾصĸλҾ꣬ĽḶ̌˵ƪĺش
꣬ʵӲ롣
գٽñʡëִǦʲһСֹùͷᡣ
Сʮˣ˸ó׵ͣĽҲ뷨
СҲ֪ΪãŮӻ߸һ󣬾Ͳ˵ˡ
С˺ü죬ҡҡͷĽǰ˵СԸźүСҪףҲϣ塭
ϾǺģ޸ĺӣԷϣҲ۸
ĽҲ뷨˵뷨Ҳ֮УµɿڣҲүͷˡ
СϽӦС֪л򡣡
壬ĽĲˣźþȥףꡣ
ףƼʶӹϵ񣬿İӭӵ鷿
ףԭڽһ΢֣ˣͲץ׳һ㡣
ʵû΢ֵĸֻףƵǡÿ΢㡣
Ҳѹôã˲һ롣
Ŀֽʣʼ¼
㵽ꤣףƿǱߵóĽĽ֮ͣ
ҡҡͷû˵
ӡУϱӵĻ΢ʱѧ󣬲عڵġ
ʱĿЩ΢ƣ˵ǵ͵΢֣ȴΪֺ͹ʽǷ庺֣Լʵѡ
ϸ˵ףƵҲڱƹʹð⡣
Ͼÿ˶Ǳоÿ˶⡣
ԣͷҲֻʱ¡
ʱףԷϻӡ
ףƽʮߣĺǱ궼ϴ϶Ҳڹֵڿƾ١
ǰʱףĺǶûؼҡ
ǻΪǴѧţʵΪȥˮְ
ʱĽҲ֪һλѧʶˡʴˣҲŹţһ档
Ⱳ־Ͳˣ룬Ǳͬ˽С塯δЩΡ
ҺسƺҲǡȫ˳ֵ
ʮһ꣬Ѿţ׼ԡ
ѾǾԪѡ֮һټϸͬˣ׽
磬ȥʱ򣬾ͿڼЯƷͿԹصİѾ
ȻȥһֻۣһƤ¡аǲġ
֣·ɫҴҵ˴ӲׯӶΪƤ¡
ĽŲܴаϢѵ³ſԣʱ򣬻˴㣬涨Ҳ̫ˡ
οģů磬ҿס
СӳļͥУ֪ƾٿԵҪԣ˵СӾůˣ
˵ȵСסָСԴС¯


134 
ֱӰСӱڻ,һѩĴ,ȥ鷿
ȻھѲ,һ˼Լİȥ
Сӹɵ,˯,ڻȷʵС¯
,һ£Ŵϵ׽һݣҲʼӴİꡣ
Ҫд,˵Ͻʦܣɵλվ̫⣬֮ǰҲֻл,δ
ʴ,֪רŸţĪүҲмһĴ㡣
ֻ·;ңԶĹϵ,ʱѾִﾩһº󡣹أҪĹԱܶ,Īү
ǻҲܣռӰ
¾ͱ
дʱ,СһԿ,˻СȺõ,ÿ͵л,Ϊŵ
дСӾӣԼĵطʳ
ʫкܶݵ䡢ذ龰,һһͨ׵Ը͡
ԼһʱĽ׼иԷƿű㿴˱ͦķСߡ
߷ϵĵѩ·Ҳ˷µĵ׺Ʋüۡ
ڼ˰ܹ˽æʱΡ
Īүô˵Ҳڳʱ䣬дʹʦܡ
ԭڳ֮ĪүԽӴܼҾһС
ȲҲ˵ΪϽʦܣӦǳ֮ǰŵһ
ϲȡ裬̫͡
ǽӲȱҪʸˣǡô˸ܵĳ⣬Ҳýѿ
ԼϽʦܣֱӿҪˣǿ¾һˡ
̫źֱ˰ŷŵϽϡ
ϰСϲ鷨֣ǳţб뿸ΣϽָҲΪ鷨ҡ
Ϊвѧзǣг⣬дһֺ֣̫Ҳ
ĪүĪ̫ķԸһ۾ɵøͭһһֱӴӵϱ
̫ûֻ˵ԼˣѾ߷ȥЪϢ
ĪվȽţ˵̹ò
Ī
֮գյţԼʮ档
һʱһѩ·ߵȥ顣
ɲɣȻһʡǰϿľ顣
Ǵ󶼷糾ͣϵӿܾûͷҲ͹⡣
ԭûйעԱμǿ
Сд˰࣬Ǳ̽μǵһ βԼǰ˽һ¾ǳμǵĲÿһԺҲøƹ顣 
Ǹũӣƾ㾭ھôô󣿡
ŷһ룬ͻȻԼ֡
ǻҲ٣̶һѮʱ⣬伣
ľǲ֪ףƵ飬ֻ˵׫Ƕҵһʮֲޡ
㾭ǳׯҺ࣬ǡþũɣ㾭ܲô
ǸСˣͶȡɡ
ɲǣ
ӪͺܹˣǾ׿ĲӣʫһͨһʡԪܱô
ǸΪ׿˿һĬˡ
ĻƲʶЩ̲ס˵ǵϢ治֪ĸģⶼһǰϢˣһֱߡ
ʣôѵļױˣ㾭˶࣬ͶȡҲںĶǰŪ
ƿԣоЩԼĳ
ʵȺ˲ˣвͬ˵ԡ
ýֻͣ˵飬һʮģȥݶ˵СĻӿڳ
˻
Ʋ˵ǵƹ˵ģЩ˳ԼֻҪǴ
飬㲻˵ˣȻͶ˾ͳˆ¡
ãλŹˮ˾۵˽Ҽǵѧ㾭ӡö࣬ס
û˵꣬ͿվԵֱӶ˹֣Ҳڽӡʲôֱȥǹ
⻰ڽĵ˵е̫ˣϽ
еμǣӡˢڿμǡ
ҲС
߽ˣһոµĹٷһȺɸ˵ľǰѹȸС
ûעЩǣ˵ȥ£뿴ʲôǶϣһߺȲһ߿վˡ
Цžܾˡ
Ⱥվһߣһװ뵽ƸոǾ䡮ӿڳЩĻš
˽ĸûˣ˹ܲš
ǵŹԱۣ汻˵ñӡ
룬μǵλûٷ۶Ƚأ񵱹ٵİ
λǹԱλص˹
һȺ˶ĬĬλϵΪ򱧲ƽ
ԱߺȻûǣȻڿμǡ
һͬʱҲۡʱʱ䣬Ǽ˻ûߣԼֻܷе飬Ի˵ʱƹԼͷ
Ҳ볡Ҳܲʱ
£Ⱥٴδľ
Ҳĳľˣȷʵӡ£Ҳ˼Ⱥ룬Ͻӭ¥ȥ
ԭΪӼԼ˾ƹ£¥ŷ˾ȻĪү
Īүֺ̲סҪдģԴǿ
Īүʱھ֮ѭֻһ仰Ī
ǻԼƴҪ֤Լ
ʮüȻҲΪСῴ
ЩΣ˵㾭촬ԶĪү£ͼֽ
һ߿һ:ã
˵һʱ¥ʱȺѾˡƵͷߡ
ͬʱȺڲ¥İһСۡ
ô죬Ҫӿڳˡ
𡢱ţǳʱСǻ˵Һãƹڶ¥ҲǼƽô
Ǹо׿ĽԪѾڲΪֻ
˼һǼƽϣ˴ҲñֳǵǱȽĿָ᷸Ĵǵ˵ǰסǡ
׿һʡ˵ͷˣôһ˵˷׷׸ͣ׿˵е
³Ŵǣֻʣ¶̶ʮ죬ͣ鷿ĵֻһ衣
ʼѵԼ
˵һϴĶˮ裬Ȼܵġ
ǲǰԺԺԣǵÿ죬ҹûбӣŷŰ͸磬Ͼ˯á
ָһͷԼˡ
С˵ˣԼҹ鷿ǰ״̬⿼ʱӡ
ǵԼ֮ǰȶ˾ƣѬִ˯ҹСһίԵǰͨ
ĽȻۣҲֻͬ⡣
Դֻ˵һ֣ԡ


135 
,æѲ,һ¶ףȥˮ˾оֻĸ졣
ΪӦ,ֻűļа
,ϳĹԱ⣬û˴ôϾԱʥ֮ʱаհ
·˵·жӶ,ףƶӷס
һ·ϣףƳüۣ˵֪ϾҪμӻˣҲкܶӵܻݵءĥԼ
,,ûȰ˵
ϾԲҪ,Եÿп,Ϊ
һɪĺ紵,ף˿˷ȣ˫ָԳ·ҪԼܲ͸ưոݡ
ֹһѮףٴθһӦеʮ塣
Ͼô,ż,ɫҲܿڼ͡
߼Ѿɫ糣,ȫоһ
ףЦϰˡ
Ĳ⣬ֻΪÿնͳˮѾˣǶ,ܵѸ١
ʱһĹȥܿ͵˻ǰҹ
ĽĸʰһƷ
ϵĳʳĽĶ˲ھӣ˺ЩܴȥҲͱһЩײҶͿɵͷƬ
ʵȥҲǲɣֻСޣǿװ£Ҳȥˡ
ⲻ״ǼˣŷҲˮ˲ܳԡ
ǵ̿ɲãȡůȱѪɵľһ֣ʡ
ʴˣĽĽ󣬻ǴһЩ򵥵ĸҲֻо죬һú
³һ磬ȥԺϴͿݵ͵
ĽĳŸˮΪͷϵ϶д
컹ûʱ㣩Źһ㣬Ľȥ˷һ꣬ŵ͵ſڡ
ĽĴǹ¶⼸ĵһЦݣȻɿǣ
˶˵иѸȫֻϣ˳졣
ҲЦԴСǣˡ
ţŵȥ˾ǹԺ
ҲǶƣμӻԵĿû࣬ԽϹԺδš
ǹԺѾǧŷеĿ
˵ÿȫֻǧͷľˣƾϮô֮꣬͹
Ϸˮ·еʱ򣬻ʵۻϵĿֱڽϹԺμӻԡ
ϷķʢڹȶʱйڽϹԺμӻԵĴ档
ǵ˵ϹԺѾһǧŷػӱϳ˷ǹԺ
񣬰հӣҲ࣬Ժ󻹻
룬Һƽȶʱ
սָ࣬ûпƾٵĻᡣвͨҽҽԺ浱ҽҲ׬Ǯҡ
վ񲿹涨ĵطŶӣȫΧ̲ס
˻ڿʼţеŵ˳ǰȥΰݿ׷
뽭ϹԺķƣÿԺз񣬶ŷǰòΰݷӡ
壬
еѵݸԱߵλݣ͸ָȥ
ڰϣȻ˺ܿߡ
չ涨Ƥ¡ۡ¡㡣
ÿһ·ҲҪûмдСܻǡ
Լ鲻ͬǣԼĹٲЬ඼ȥ˵Ӻȣֲ鿴ޡнš
нű˹Ьĵط΢һ㣬ȥС󣬺Ьطǡһ£ϸ飬ķֲˡ
ҶǾ˳һҲ֪Сĺ
ǿֱӻᱻ
ԣԽԽϸ񣬴Ҳ˿ңϾ̹
Ϊ˾û£ٲֱȥ衣
ܲɻ·
ôÿ˶꣬ʱѾ˳ʱ
ŷʱֻоЩطûɣˮֱ·ϣ˸о䡣
ʱҲûչЩðȫʱ䶼ڴϡ
Եĺŷһ߹ޣÿ춼߹װй
˵Ҳڲܳŷ
һڳԺ˯ⳤĳߣһߣһңĺŷ
ȻҪд
ԵһƣĶĺ徭ʷйصĲ֣ʱ䣬Ҳ鿼ѧʶ׵һ֡
Ҫһӡ󣬵һóʲС
ߵĵһǡᣬκأеۡ
⿴ƺдֻҪ˽ơκιʷ¡
Ժд˼·ʼڶ⡣
ĵļⶼ𣬶徭ĵĿȻǶʮѡġ
ԣѡĿ֪ÿⶼϸ
Ҫдĳʣһһһ
ϴԣӱĺܴԭ徭Ľˮũɣ㾭촬ĸ㣬ۣǰһ
иһ󵨵뷨ĴʷۿʼʣͲԼҪĺˡ촬
ƵĴ˺˵𣬡ԹΪ֪桯ԴԼ
ÿƪ¶ݽԼ뷨ͽ뿼ٵ˼ά
ôһ룬˼·һ࣬׼Լĵ㣬Ϳʼһһоٵӡ
һգʱſ⣬ԼʱеãҪվʱŷȲѾˡ
±ʣֳȭᴸԼСȡ
ȵС΢Իʱ֮һ̿ȼûˮǰ̿ϣ漴ְѴͱϿ
䣬Ļӷ＾ô죬ˮҲû＾ô
ӿȵʱû죬ȳ˱ӣˮѹڻϣְѻŲԼűߡ
͵ڿˡ
˻ߣ¶Ҳȵ̿ʱһߺˮůӣһߴ⡣
˾˼·ܿ죬ڵ磬Լûдʱ嵽ߵ㣩ŷͰ
ǿŵԼ۾ɬŵȼ
Լ˼ȪӿֱӰƪĶ˲ݸ壬Ŵˮԡ
ʣµİײˡͱͷƬ˯ʱЩԼֱߡ
Ҳܵһʱߡ
ϲһûϵǧɻ֡
пҹ䣬߻˯ŷС΢˵ϡ
Ӳ˺ŷҲ˼ʮλλľˡ
˵ƾٿĳЩʵҲǿġ
ľ岢ڵϣ߹޶űߣ룬ְϨ˵Ļ߹ޱϡ
ԼϲСߵ߹ޣǿܻӲܻ˼
ݵֽѻԴϣΪȫ
ôźãۣһһô˯˹ȥ
ʱΪѾڶ죬Χ˷ĺ͸ŷŰϷŨصҹɫʶʱŹ
һϣ½½ĴΣΧŷĺһͣҲˮ⡣
ʱҹÿλֵҲ㹫ƽ
ڶգ徭ģְƪ¶ɫһ顣
վֻʣд
Ѿֻʣ°
ͱˮײҲѾֻ꣬ܳͷƬˡ
ԭͱһһ߹ʵȻ˿ӳԡ
ӿϳһ̣ɿ졣йһ֮Եľ׿ֻüıӰͿˡ
ߺܿۼ˲ˡ
Щ϶ϲƲѣҶˡ
Ҳǣȫˡ
׿ЦŸǵϲһ˽鳯ջȥ
ͬʱĿҲʼܳǵĵһ
˴βμӴǵ˹ǧࡣ
ձſ¼ȡΪʿ
ԽڿʮڹʴˣеĿټҲء
ؼϴ裬Сӡ˯ʱھǹԺһλĿͻȻһ
⡢Ҳд̫ÿˣƽûôÿ֣


136 
ŴȻġ
ݸ塯鷨Ҫصǡڡ⡯
ֱӷǺ,Եī񡯣ī˾Ե侫ԣ
Խʱûϵͳѧݸ,ڵ鷨Լ,ʴ,ݸ塯ʮ,Ҳвͬ
дֽīɫ,̵ĵһ鷨īŨʪĸı
ʴˣд𡮹ݸ塯,һζڡ
Ϊּÿһʶܺ,ǾͻԵؿ﷦ζ,ûвθС
ҲΪö,ԶԲΰҲܵλĴһ,ͻᱻס
λܳĺԺ˵֮ҲʶԼʧ,ֻǸܳ,ûȨ
෴д֮ǰ,Ҳǲ㷭ġ
ĿҲô,ԺСܳ,λȲලǡ
ôһ˵ߵϡ
ྲ
¹֪
ڿǣֻҪףǹܵĺܿɡǿںŷ,ǿ϶ֱӰȹؽη˵
ڿ٣ֻüܳĿٻλӣǸܳĴͲһס
ܳпٻһһ˶ܳ뿼ǷӦϽ˽
˵Եľ֮ĶʮǶ̤һ
ÿλÿճܳԺԼ
⣬ϴˮ趼ͨڣȿúܶࡣ
ҲΪ˱⿼ӴյϢֽš
ǣǵλͣʵץһ׵Ŀ٣ͿԹǰſףʮž͵ǡ
͡طĹؽ֯£ΪĿƾٿĹƽߡ
ϾĲѾܴˣӵܿƾپΪ˳ͷأƾٶûһ˿ƽԣ͢ôŷ
ܳĿǻλӣȻ㲻⣬Ҳֻ
Ҫ֪Ǹܳ˽űûлģϾ߶ǴǱˣ˭
ԣǺòײŰԼĵůͣҪŲѣԸͳˡ
ܹǱۡһλ֡
Ϊ٣ǿԴаΪܳ㣬Ҳܴ̫
ű߻ûл裬ǱȻģԸڸոճλֵλϣһݿհ״ֽëպīˮʼܳ
ܹ䷭ĴһС൱״ʴԲ壬ҲǱȵ
ҪǡŲѡе䣬ָҲҪߺûôÿ֡
ܹ̲סȥϸÿһ֣ÿһֶʱʵλʮֹأȥĿ
룬ÿǺÿ˰
ëҪǣԵľǱʷ洦确㡯Ʋдʱͨձչд֮˵Ŀ
Щ涼ܹأ̲ס̫̾
ʴˣܹŻǾп
ʼܳʱ򣬾ͷּûзǣÿһÿһᶼޱȣּŨʪҲ˵õ
ܹ̲סԼԴԳûзǣƪ¾Ǵ֮˵Ĺ
Ҳһͱ𺳵ԭ
ݸ峬ڿ飬ȴѲӰӣ鱾ͽ롣
Ϊ֣֪Ĵ鷨ո̲ס̾ȻΪͨƪּ룬Ϊһ㲻ԡ
ԭ֮˶鷨ѵ˳뻯ĵز
ܹҪܳϸȥƷζƪ鷨ƷԣŴÿλֵĹһģǵڹ涨ʱﳭд
ԣֻܿٵܳ
ܹĲЩźƽܼôõ֣ȴûʱϸϸƷζ
һ¡
ܳʱܹͷ֣ƪ²ֺãݶһݽۡ
֮۵ĵӱֲʵʣϸȥ룬ʵֵĿԺܸߺܸߡ
ܹ䲻ǻµɴñ𿪷ݴǳԺ֮֡
Ĳƽ
ֻϧܹˣô
ֻĬĬسİݴܳһ棬Ȼٱߡ
ܹܳΪ֣Ǵ˴λԵĿ֮һԼѧʶʮֳɫһʮֳɫ
ǰ׵ĽʿнʿСģͬ״Ԫɣûô
ȴʮλδľ
ܹ룬ٺ뷨һ˾аٷ֮ʮĿԳΪԪҲ֪λ˭ˡ
뵽ܹ䲻ʮָм֮ǰλŲѿŲĸԸȻôлΪĴܳء
֮ǰλ̧֣ͷƳܹ˷ܺͣǻڵóӶˡ
ôͲܵһأ
ǼӰӵæ˰ޣʱճͷ𴲣׼ȥμӵڶԡ
˵һ ľ飬ٴο壬Ľ̶ܳҲ˵㡣
ڶҪʣͬڵһд£ʷǼ⡣
ڶΪʣÿһСɣ¿ԷΪѵڬˮơ֮ȵȡ
ѵڬɴ׻ʽּͣڽʹ塢ϡ﷨޴ǵȵȣĻѧĻ
ѵڬռıزΪһ˶дĺ׼ȷ
һӣȴǻӰԵ
ˮƵȶ꿼ͬȥƲμӻǻʼͲǡˮƶҪʲôĽǼѧȥ
ƾ͸˵ǻֱӾͿˡˮҪʯͷܷ顯
͵ѧʮ˽ÿĽӴ߶ȵȲ
дѵڬ⣬ˮ㾭⣬׼ʼݸ㡣
˻ڵƺҲһ⣬кˡ
ĿҲȷʵԽԽˣҲʵأЩֻ˲ͶȡɵĻᡣ
ʱߣʫʫʷв࣬дʱ߲ݸȰʫдãд
ĴǾдʫΪβ
ߵſڣССڵһײݸС裬ȻСӱ
ץĶ䣬ֻһֱ
ֱ˱ŵĲӣСԴҲŵӸȡů
ǰۣҪΪڶյĿ׼ĽûðӲŵ
СӶоԼС¯ְˡ
ݣĽĶŽ
˵ġڵУԴ
ʵĽԭҪ˸磬ֱӴϡ
˴ǧ࿼˼ҶڵŸԼү磬Ҳˡ
˵ʱ䣬߻ˡ
Ľתһ룬Ҳ
ʴˣڼȡ
ԽѮŰ񣬶¿ƹԪлԵľˣȫԲμӵԡ
֮ǲſԳƵϽʿ
ֻҪμ˵ԣǹԪ¼Ĵ󣬱籨ȣһ¶ʿƺš
ֻǽʿΪףһˣΪʿڣʮʮңǽнʿȫףͬʿ
濼˻ԣﷴɲ٣оԼζЩ
ÿȥо˴ɽÿҲµջ
գͬǼ֣һǾȡ
ôϢ죿
ûɫģ˵
ҵȥ
ˮ˾ԱɴԭףʲôһĻҲֻЦţֹ
Ա֪ǹĹԱ涼ж߰Ҳб£ѧϻ˽ܱô𾴡
ףźѣЦԱɶû
Աɸпٹָ꣬ýһ˰
ƣû˵ԼˣϾ⻰ȥµ룿
ȻںҲܰԼǰ;
ʵµģֻǹٳӦʺ
ڶˮ˾󣬶ܹڴԼܳĴ
ֻϧԸΥֵҲûдôɫˡ
ʱѾܳһ֣ĿҲʼΪÿݴ


137 
һ,Եʱһʮ쵽ʮ֮䡣
μӵⳡԿֻǧ,˵ʱӦΪʮҡ
Ƕ,ðѿеĴʸʵ۹Ŀ,ʱ΢ܾһ㡣
̬ƽͣҲ֮ǰɼʱôš
µ,ٽŰˣףƼȻոһյǰ룬̲סܲеô
ΪԵĴ,ԲűǰһЩ
ףƣĴࣿ
ûǴĻÿһֱеһ,Ҳ˵ÿһֻһΣдࣿ
ףԼһֱв˾,Ǳ㾭,һջ
ԡ̸ۿƾٵ飬Ӳת˻⣺ȹգ񲿡ϱ,ԺҲμӣ,ҪҪμȥһ£
룬ڹֵҲûھԺ飬Ͳˡ
,ǿԴŷɺͺȥΡǼȥʮһǣ䣬Ҳ˵ӺСɽĽĶûš
ůӹʵʵĻȷʵԴˣ
³һ磬Ľľ͸ӿʼ·
Сɽ֪Ҫȥ棬ԹԵŸ첲Ϻʵ£
һСȴ˵⡣
Űӽˣ·ĽԺȺ
˻ȻĽ˵ӣ
Щ죬Ұɶ£ĽҲԳ̬ѹźӣôȻࣿ
ɹ̺ܽӵʱԼǧȥǰĵĵš
˻ĽĴСų
ǰһΪûĽȸ׼õĺʵްǴ΢һļаһɫëߵ磬ͷһСౣдϴӨӡ
Ű˳ĽëͰ۵գһ۵Сޡ
Сʵ˸£ͷܹߣһ׶ࣩȻСཱུģǼС
ôǵӷף͹˼ֹ
ĽǣСӵ֣ǴεЦ⡣
ǱȽϴ󣬽߹ȥһʱǰ׼ܱڻů¯һ˳
С磬;飺ǻҪòܵ
ĽĶ˵ðʱ
СӾ̲ס⣬ĽĻϢȥ
ĽİϣȻС˵ϵ顣
ԭСӴů͵㣬»ůСӴ׼˺ʵް
˵Ľεĳһ˯ŵСӣ֪ˣҸ·ʱһֱ˵̫ˡֻܸ˼а
룬ǰףҳԷԴӿԾʹ˵£ףȻް
ǱСӿް͵µ˵ʲôϴˡ
ֱˣһֻĽĵļԼ˵Ҳˡ
ǰԲཱིţЦʮֲá
ֻ˺ʵһް֡
ĽĿļֻʮİǵСӳ˵˲ɢ
ͣɽ£˳ǮСɽĽǣСӣһʰϡ
һɽ·ƽ̹·̷ϺͷݣСһֻݡ
СɽŸķݣ±ˮģ·һܿ޳
Ͻһֻë߱ľϣСɽ¾ͰȥЦŽУ
ٶȡ
СӵûΪܵ˾϶ζϴοϵʱͻСԺֻǳǳļ䡣
ԣȻϲԼķݣ˵ӷŷݸܵܿ
߹ʯףĿһƽ̹ĿյأмʹһСϪ
˼ԾڿյرԵмλŷݵĺǡ
ϵĳСϪ棬ǱŵĻ϶ǹټ޾졣
ӸߣͦΣüĿӢĽϵΪͣüһɰΪƯ
ߵСӸǿɰƲۡ
һ˸չΧ˵Ŀ⣬кҪǼŲһط
СϪףҲǣСǹȥ
ֻܶԸոǸ˵ǸȻȥףǱߡ
СϪľţµʯͷ΢΢ЩҡΡ
СС˵İæԼ׳ŵӣ˹ȥ
򰤸ɽСӡɱȥ
СӹصĸףСɽûǣĴ۾ǿľţӻȥ
ĽĴ򿪰˵ڵϺ¡
е죬ո±Ķܶ˶ˣивٹĿ⡣˵ϷˣȻĺܿ졣
СŷĽߣڵĵܵܣս˶Ц
и磬һŷݸ㿴
Сɽ硣
СӣԣǸ硣
硣
Сӣ
´ܻܵľϣܾʮʮϤ
˻ϱʼˣС¹һ۾ɴ̲סҲŴ󣬷
ͷץŵ֣Сʧһеϣ
Ȼ˵걻ڻڳϵ龰ˡ
Сģˣ˵뿴ϣ
Сץ˵𣿡
СɽĽģ˵ȥһ¡
ϱй涨Ķ⣬Щ˻ͻȻ£ֱӱݸֻϡ
һ³ˮ˾˾Ϳ
߹ȥǱѾʼҪ𣿡
겻ǰո֣ѡȥʮʤĶӳץηˡɡ
¹صʮ־ϲ֮ǰĳ߶飬ǲ롮վӡ̫ԡ
ȻںܶѾǹˡ
ͷӦˡ
ȥǱ߶ӳʼץΡ
ÿˣÿӣһʮˡôˣӵñʮ
СĽĵ֣ϣ
ĽҲڴܿһص˳־ȥû˻
ǵڶΪӺͻƶӡ
Ȼںӣֵ˺ɫͷۺѥӡ
ճ͢أûй˲ܴѥӣȻ⡣
ǱĿһ֣ҲͲĴ˰׵׺ѥӡ
˵ԼóغͶϣӳȻʶȴڸոһ˹ӵʱ򿴵ˡ
̹ȣǶһؾء
á
շֹվλǶѹλڶδ£ſʵüĿĺ󱳺޳˫ȣƲۡ
Աйڽкӣ
ǱڸߴĽҾҲ⾪¿ȥȻϡ
ĪĸЦһεɡ
̫ʹˣû˴γеĶǸŮͺӡ
˵ʶ壡
⻰һŮҲ֪ԭϽСʦܰ
̫޲ء
һ˲š
˫ȫ
˵꣬ŷ岻ˡ
ӷأ
ȥˣ
Īԭչһڵܵǣǰȥ밲ӷȥ棬Сˣʹ
Ҳã˿ű߶ˣɡ
Īȴ򴽣˵ȥ
һȺŮ죺ǼϴʲôʱԵܵôˣ


138 
ڶϱ,ӵĵ÷һһƽ
ȻûֳʤӶߵʮֳʡ,ϣ׼ݵ߽ƶӵУΪԼһ,ﵽ˸߳
ļҵĺںδֵ,ǰôû
һΧ۵ĸҷ˽ʳľ仰Ż൱ſǴʶ
ףȻǺ档
ɻǵȥʮ,յҪȫӡˢġѧ㾭͡ũɣ㾭,
ôһ˵ҵˣ˵Ѿ䣿
ɲǣӶˡ
⵹ǿϧ,˵겻󣬼ûôȢޣ
ҲЩ룬ʿһ,׽ķڱС
ϾʿȥȫصĿ˵ı١׽δ,Ҳһ,ʡԼʮķܶʱ䡣
Ȼô룬λϢͨķ˴˻һߵĸλ˶Զһ㡣
׿ڿ޹,˾Ȼֱ̭ǿ
Ӵʲôʱ˲Ȣ޶ɹˣ˵λˮ˾Աɵķˣҷ޲ڡ
˽˵ˣǰ;
ûĸûйۣĺףƣֱԡѧ
ʱʷôǰ;
Ա˵Ϊ٣λ˳Ϊ٣򡭡
˵ʲô
ǧš
λһ˵ԲΪ򱧲ƽ仰
Ҳֻ˵˵˴¾ͽҹȥˣˮ
ЩϢͨķˣһº͵Աɷ˾ȻǿӲҲ˼ֹע
룬˵²μ˻ԣȿĻ˵
ڴǰһ죬񲿡
ܳĹѽĿǿʼظOߡԼݴ
OţΡOлһеȡ
ÿݴȫǡǿ϶¼ȡ
ٿĴȻǱͳһܳġ
ȫ룬˿ֻܴ࣬ݷϡ
ɣΪλԵĸ٣Ȩ
һҲϢɿļ鿼õĴ
ȼΣĿһ飬⿼ǴͨãûһϺõĴ
Ȼûӣô죬ϸ˵ϸһҲû˽
OĴϸĶ࿴һȻԼдۣԼֱߡ
Ժʸ١
ֱߵĴݡ
üͷ壬룬ƵĿûƶ࣬ߡ
ǵˮƽ̶ֻȣǴ˴λеǻ͹ȡ
ϾлԵģڶʮĵϣҲˢȫʿƺšʹű¶񲿵Ρ
Լɲܹ˱µΡ
Ը¼ȡ٣Ҳܽͱ׼
ʱõһݴݴ̧ͷȦȦʹ
ȵǣһȦȦԭиֱӻ»һȦȦ
ʹŵһԭݴֻеȣ棬̲ס͸š
Ҫ֪£Ϊӣǲ޸Լġ
Ͼ˽ݴضҪλͬٴ飬ǵЧʾͻήͺܶࡣ
Ȼݴû飬λˣȦȫܿݴ
ΪǶƣλԵĿѣݴϵһдйоأȻ漰ʵҵ岢ûлǰһ
˷ݴأԴǿУϴˢոտô࡮Ļ顣
ݴĵڶƪģ̲סҪֽкˣ
ѧʿʱ򣬾ǲݽٽϸʱ˵ˣǿע⵽ݽͻ۵ĵ㣬Ǿš
룬λʵ
¿ĵĵѶȴ˲٣ƪûʧȻǰƪҧϡ
ıֱȫŵĴУҲֻһƪˡ
ԭΪƪǻԪԤˣû뵽ڵһˡ
Ĳ٣д˼ο޵徭ġ
֮ϵıʾûȫû뵽Ȼ˿Բѧŵֵز
ȣ̲סھͷһȦȦ˫ݴʸٹĿ
ԱߵĿƳһĻĬĬļֻһС٣ֻлһȦȦȨĽˡ
⵹Ǹж໭ȦȦȨ˵ÿҲֻܻһȦǼΪʵĴʸ١
ټϴ˴ǶƣݴڸѧʿǹĿ󣬻гʵݸµĻء
=
֪Ĵϣԣܳ汾˰˸Ȧ
˭ǻԪٿȦȦϸ
ΪЩдúõĴȻᱻشģôҶҲȷʵס
Ͻ˶ıҲ޲ڡ
ΪҪ˰ҿ֮ڡ
ҸոǸʧ󣬱ƶ˾ϡ
ͱˣϻǲģ֮ߵһţȷʵ
ǫЦţãгӡ
˴ȥȾƵ룬˵Լ˷ɺͺչǡ
֮ɼˣ
㿴ʮ˾ꡣ
ӶŮҼҲС
֪Ҳֻǿ˵˵͸ɢ
ȥʱСΧϤס
ףƼ˲֪ӵݣֻΧĻ˼ҵƤӣĽĸǷָ㣬Ҳûʡ
Ī⿴Ͻվȭף塣
ҲףЦδǶˡ
֮ǰĪүҲ֪̬ȣǾʦܣҲΪ˲Ӱ;ԲŲϵ
˽£ٳҵľ룬Щˡ
ʴˣԽСӵ̬ȲŻһ㡣
ҲǻŸСӵķݣվ밲˵壬ܴŷȥ𣿡
Ĭһ£ǵ׶Сӣ˷Ӿûˡ
Сӿ˵ԥ˵ݸ棬Ҳȥˡ
壺ҡûҪķݣܵÿ죬ܰѷݷźܸ߸㿴
һС˸ٵĵط棬İҲиӦ
˻ĽıСɽҲˡ
Ľ˵СɽҸ硣
ȻСɽС첲е磡磡
С۾һϽȥܵܣż⿴Сɽ
ǾϲĶ԰˵ܻܵиˡ
ڲǵ硯
Сɽ
Ľģ
ôһСûСӵġӡĪҲѷݷ졣
ɽ󣬷ݿʼҡҡλΣƽȵ
쿴ǰѷݷ延źĪһߣڼװʶԼҵܵܡ
СӵעȥָŷݣԵܵ˵ݡ
СɽץСӵ֣硣
ݷɵúܸߣǸ߶ȣ߿ܴذصĶţֱֽǵ鷿
ĻʵۿųԼһƯĹݸ壬Դ͡
ϸݺҲһ


139 
,Ĺү˵ˣջԷŰ񡣡
εķŰʱǰ֪ͨ,ĵصھǹԺ
С̽Ϣһ·Сܻ,շ,ûŰ,ǽš
ĽıȾԭдĲġ֣ҲסĶҪɤ۶
ҪСɽÿˣĽĵȥ庢ӣҪȻ»ŵĲ跹˼
ڶˮ˾Զģ,֮ǰֻ˵һŵ룬û뵽ʦ˸Сģ͡
СҲֻԶԣģͳʮųֶ֣ף,ֶ֣һף,ֻͷ,ӣ壩뵱еĴֻϾͿ˾޴
صĻ͸,ϾԶһҲס
ϲ,СģͰˮն˳
˷ˮգֻԶʱҲӰȫ
ȻЩ봬ΦˡλûϸǣģѾˡԶķ緶
ҲΪˣ˸Ķ,ҪŬԼԶ
Խ֮ǰδ˽֪ⷽʶ֪ҲѧʱȥӢι۹еߺš
ҵʱ˺̵ӡ
ԭԼܺܿʲôɹʦ̫ˡ
ԣղһֱڹŬһ㶫
֮ǰڹ˿ŵĲУжֻƬĽܡ
Ҳ̽˵Ŀڷ磬⣬Ծӡ쳯Ϲ˶ġ
ʱͳĬˣ룬ڴ󻷾˵£ʵ׿˵ᱲ÷չҵŲڱҸϳֻ´ҶŻɵ̬
ԣδƾͷֻƬܸıҵ̬ȡ
˹Сֻ뾡Լౡ֮һ㶫
ò󣬿ɰָ֮ϴó
ͬÿռдĸ¼С;ǵļǮ󵽹ֹţǱ˷֣ǾкܴĿ塣
ԱɼһȺʦһƬߣľĸʦ飬רעһ˼Զϡ
ͻȻ˸󵨵뷨
ѹûҪλ˳ɣ
ҪȻƾڶˮ˾ĵλҪ±عף
ֻҪ㴫ڵ촬̵֪ʶܽĴɡ˶Ժ;Ȼһ˳ƽơ
ûô⣬ϤĽ
ԣÿյĴ󲿷ʱ䣬ڸ촬ʦжȹġ
ԼľĴҪĴ塣ۡ࣬һĵλá
Աɿֱһ£׼˵ף˻ȰϷףȥ鶫롣
ְ˭ô
Աһͷֱӿ˵һ¾ҪҾ
˵أ
Աɣ衢
˵ԱɸϽѹ˵شˣ棬һʦм䣬ľ
Ա˵󣬲ŷְԼĻһ飬̬ȸӹ
ɵӣҲϲ϶ˣȡ֮վڰôߵˣ϶ְ붼롣
Աȫ̴ŵ棬װԼʲô֪
ȵ˺˺ǰ·һ˰׵׺ѥӺ͵ɫۡ
ʮŵϻʵۣʱҲûʮ˳
Ҳרģֻ˵˻۴ʦˣȥݷһ¡
ع;п룬һ䣺дƪ£Ŀ㾭ˮ̵Ӧúͷչ
ߵĴ̫ധĦʥһһĺã¾ڿڴУڡ
һλ̫°ֶǵֱЦˣ˵дúãΪҲʮִȣʱǴӲ˽
ʵԭȥùԱߣҲ͸һȥˡ
ʵ۽ճ΢˽ãûۣʡߵټϹ棬ˮ˾ҲԶͷ˾
ʴˣ֪ʵ۾ȻһˣԱҲûҰôߵĵλ롣
ؼҺСյߵշŰ顣
սᵽľĵζվԭԥһ£ʮָӵǣס֡
ҲСʱһġ
Сůȡҵܵ棬ϴϸ˵
СȴȻվԭأӲӵ˵ˣæҺ࣬һۣЪһҪϴ裬òã
Цʣģ
Сԥһ£ǵͷǰ̫µˡ
ԼԱߵϣ˵һֱܹԣ˵ʲô
ѻתߣСӹȻʼͷŰʱ䣬СһѰŵģĺǴ
֣˵ģ˵϶ġ
ЦЦû˵ԽԽܿСӵŴµͬпΪ
գʱ賿һ㵽㣩ûȫȥĽĵĺȻƣһƬѣҲ𽥼١
סſԼϣˣ
ĽĺǽţȥԺ׷Űɡ
üʣ棿
Ľһ£ֻ˵˵˼Ҫȥˣ
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ǼǣǶõȳĺģʱûȥԺˡ
ȻôҲûʲôʵãôܻһ¿ͼ˽顣
ȻǼеϵģǰԺڵͽݱˣԼҺܲܰ
ô̫գϸָܷ
ԣѡԼĵصȺ򣬲ǰʱ䣬ȵ
îʱչСϴͱһλ
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үվڴ´ŵأ˿϶ҪһȥŰˡ
С軹ǵ߶Ű߶˺üգүĳֱˡ
³壬Ѿů٣峿Ǻ䣬ĽĴްԼһ·֡
̫ˣ;ûֻаҰҹˡ
˰ʱڵ˹Ժſڡ
Ѿ⣬ԺǽȫˣĽĶһۣӶԷпȻ
֮ǰǾͲµֳˣϾǧ˿󲿷˻һϣ뿪ġ
ԣڳȺĶࡣ
˴ǽǣĽվȥԼס硣
΢ĳڣͦÿļסһ
ôվһʱԺĴ㱻򿪣߳ʮλĺӡ
ȺԷĸÿһߵԺǽϣʮλԷķֳ飬ΧԺǽΧһ
귢˰˿ԼֺǼֱ˺˰Ҫȥġ
Ժ󣬹ԺʱԱ߶ʮţҪȻһٵģˣٰİ
Ȼǲֻٰš
ĽĽˣСɽŵ
ôһС򣬰Ѿˣȥ߱ǰ˵ķٵ
ĽС𣿡
˵ǰ̫࣬ȻǶˣԷһأұȥ
ǽҲڵˡ
Ľĵͷˬ죬ϲһ㡣
ȺУ˫ֱȣĽĿĿڡһλѣͰ
һǿǻԪ
ĽƬ̣㡢ǡ
ѾıжСڻ˵ĵأȳȥ
ȻֱӺǻԪָͱΧüȦ߶߲ˡ
Χ̫࣬ʮײų˶ѡ
Ľ۾ģлгԪǻԪ
лҪ˵
˵ʦǶרյĹƣʦʦุ
ģͱ˴еߺţ60ף10ס


140 
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ʱ,δԼڿƾٷͷء
Խĵһ,,Ҽҽ,ʡŵ㻨ҲáƽСҲδɡ
ɶ̶ʱ䣬ȻѾ˻ԡ
Ҫʮպĵԡ
Ƕƣ١ԻԷŰпеĹʿҪʮ۳,Ѳɵ빬
꣬ڽϹԺμӻ,Ǹϵǲμӵ,Ѯ
ǵԵʱȻҲƺ
˵,һĹʿ͵һμӵһЩɿأͻȻȾǣĸɥ£,¿ƹʿòؼТ,űμĵԡ
£ÿλ¿ƹʿòμӽŵĵԡ÷Ƴٲμӡ
ĽĶԿƾٿԵĹ˽Ĳ࣬Ҳûרŷƾٵġ
СɶԴʮָȤڻؼ;,Сɱڱϣϸĸ֮ԵҪ
ֻһ죿
ף׼ȷ˵ʱǰҲԡǿվʱ֮ʱ
Ľ룬ҲãͲˡ
̲סЦ·ô䣿
ĽĶ΢΢죬ʵСʱͦϲѧ߻ġ
ҪгСĽϲ飬һֱ飬ڶߡ
Ľ룬Ϊ㣬Ҳ˲ٷӡ
˭ϵŲʮʱ䣬ÿϲľġ֣ͺ·
˻صҲãϲĹٲˡ
ڼס죬óԺúȵдſϡԺɽͺŻȥ
ͽݱĹٲЦĴӦˡүǻԪܸԪүϲ᲻⣿
˵ˣִ󷽣ݹǮװĿɶӣ
·ϵĿȻ񲿳еվҲֱϲĹٲչˡ
лүףڵϽ
⼸գûȥ룬ڼϰΡ
ԵĿֻһۣشʱȻ͹Գѧʶˮ׼
ȻҲųʱ䣬ǰıʼٹһ顣
Сɽ³ţСӵ粻˴죬ټպǵԣҲʺ빤ʶۡ
ԭһЩóԵģСɽץܣֵףСɽˡ
û뵽Ϣͨ
ߣǼλ˵µʱûע⣬ĪӷˣȻ䳡ӳ˵ſڡ
λСӣоϲ
˼СӾȻˣ˶Ϊţһȥλ˵£һСӡ
ձϾСɽĽĿСӴƯƯ˾߲
ֺõ˵ҷǽˣᵹҽ𹳣
СӱŴ֮վԱߣ΢΢ü̺ɰ룬ǿɰ
ٳţ˵ûôе㲻Ӧ
֮ǰ·ϣֱӴյǰſˡ
ԣСʵͦڵģҪǰ̵һЩĴ֮϶Ҫڰˡ
ֶĻܸȤ̣ûסʵôߵǽĲˤԼ𣿡
һ£˵Ҵ粻ˤҡҶҲͲˤˣ
СӺʵٴĮŶû
壺оո˵ˣӦôԼġ
Сɽץʱ䣬ڴϣ˵ע£һץľ׼Ǻ
Сʮֽţܵ׼ǾϣҲ֪Сɽ᲻ץ
СɽڸڴĿУǳһۣȻ˳ץ˾밢һ־
СӸˡ
ͻȻڣСС;ץëʺ飬ġͷۡ
ȽİСɽѭȥٿķжɿߡ
ȻСӻһˣ磡
С룬ҵܵûץ׼ץðɣҲһְοˡ
壺
Сɽתͷ
ǱĪȥġĪǸմѧóһŵİɫۣȻʮ꣬Ϊء
յĴǰСӼľװȫһϵľϢ
ǵСӶ࿴˼ۡ
СӶƵˣֿǺܸߡ
ˣݵͰˡ
պ󣬱ǵԵӡ
ʱ𴲣ĽΪ¡΢˵㶫ӣ͵óǰʹ
ȻûҺˮ˵Բû涨ޣʵ۾Ա߿أҪǱﲻסԵú˹ġ
îʱΪ׵һپʮʿɵĴ£ǧȣ۳[ע]
ʿŶӵ˳ǰջνеģΪԪȻǵһλ
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֮ǰôϸ񣬱ϾҲû˸ҵŻʵ۵С
Ҫ˵ǿµȺľǱŵˡ
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ٶġеӭȻ治ɫ˶ûһ¡
ŵĹʿСܹضǼҲ֪Ե̣רѵ
ҲǷ棬ûһ˿η
ʣ³һĹʿһ ִ棬ŵֶ֪ĶڣձԴС˼ŲҽţԼˡ
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ԣɲŹעţֵûˣһ£Ե
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ֹһ̣̫˽ڵߵ
׸ʥּа˲ʵĿȻڿռܴ󣬵׸ҲС֤ʿվҲݡ
Ŀֻһ飬ǲסҲûϵ
ȵִ¹ٱ㿪ʼŲ⡢ֽͿϸˡ
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ƽһ飬ʼĿ
Ŀʵ֮͵֮
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ʵ£ҲԼ⡣
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ʵҲԵĴ֮ǰһ辶Ļϣ߼ۣ˱޿ɱ硣
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һȻҪĿ㾭泶Ҳһǰ
Ͼڴ룬̤ʵϸɵľͷʵۿˡ
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Ҫ״ԪǾ͵ӹŲΪκ˽ֱ˵ڸĻϣ֮
ȥ֮꣬Բ״ԪΪ̬ȴһԼûԸֻԼϵˣһŲ
ȴʺϵ١
󣬱˱ۣȾͲµ˵Ŀнݾѡֻܽдι˹ġ
ôһС㿪ʼǰϰ顣
ŹһյĹ˼·ʼݡ
ԣŵ֮ԦҲо֮ʵԼȺţ˾һҲи֮ʤսԽ֮ԡ[ע]
һƪݸһǳɣʱԼøдǡ
ʵ̧һۣͻȻͣ˷ܱʼĶ³Ҫдķݡ
һʵվ˼ӡ
ԵĲУһ֮ǰݺʵ˵ķȴҲǰ漸λʵ۵ιϵ飬дһƪι֮ۡ
λϿűµı飬һҲ
дּһ飬ʱչһ㣬ͽ˴׼š
һǳɵ£доԼڹ˼ûؼһ
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ԱиĵĹ涨ǾֱǰʮĴѡһ׵״Ԫۺ̽
ѾǻԪ⣬һУٲ
ؼҺ󣬰ԼĴĬдһ飬ϴɴϡ
һ˯ֱӴ˯˵ڶϡ
ֱƺ뵽ʲôȥԼ˯ǰĬдĲۿʼ
Ľĸ·˵ơһߣʮְĵꡣ
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¹ʿһ״ͽʿڣڶ״ͽʿ״ͬʿ[ע]
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һ׵һ壬
˫΢΢ɴ󣬺ʶһ£ȻԪԪˣ
ǰ񶼻ᳪ飬˵ɤޣʿҲڵ⣬վ˺ܶ¹Աÿһξ룬ʼظһݡ
ӳյĺǽ£һһʮĳ񴫱ʹһϽڻ졣
һ׵һ壬
лҪ˵ᡣ
ڴĿеӡͣʱԻ͵ʱ̰~
лл̫̫ǵ֧֣ǡϹ
΢˵ǸĹȥһ΢ת齱һȽarmaniĺ405ٳʮÿ1000ңǶ80%ϣ֮ǰĺгţ7000֣֮µĺгţ3500֣һһϣٴллǵ֧֡
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141 Ӽǡѡ
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״Ԫ, ͷɴñνѾʮ, һһĻ
ʱҾνֱؾ֮Ĳ¥, 
Сһҽڵ¥µʱһһ䶪ȥ
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ԣ֪Ǿ
СӼֻе, Сֲ·мȥ
Ҵù, ˺ü, Ҳƫˡ
ۿҪ߹֣ϽŰӵֶȥһ䡣
Ȼֱߣֽ̧סˣ
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ҿɨǰ䣬ɴñϣۿͻȻʪ
³壬ϸꡣ
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밢ʮδ棬յӼƪ᳤ܻһ㡣
ǰ˰ձûȥڼ
Щң԰˵ļҲʱǺ«֣иֺÿС
߰ʱҲˣҾû
Ҷ԰˵ӡ󣬴¥ЩƲˣȺʱУ鷿֡
ġȻǷд顣
˻ˡޱߵİ׷ҺǳԾ
˱ȰС꣬ôҲŸչʮô˰׷
㰢˵˻Ͱѿռڸǡ
˲ŵԭڰû˵죬һҹ֮޽ȫס
ҲΪ⸱òûȥ鸮ҹҡ
Һܵİڷҵȴ˵õңĶŮ͸ֻϥӣô
û˵˹Ŀ϶Ҳʮࡣ
˵ͶˣڹΣ˵Լúܺãҵˡ
ȴС˵Ļƭˡ
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˵ߣƺ˿İտƽδƯ֡
Ȼ󰢾˻һת˵๫ʦдģļҵʦͽֱġԼд֣
Ҫ֪һ˵棬ͬǿ飬ҲΪ塢ȵȣÿдҲвͬ
ġǺѧȻд֮˵ʮơ
ѧϰ֮˶˼ģּ٣ݺд֮ǰٿĪ硣
ԣ˲һʡ
˵Ƿдģġֶ
˲ţұд˼ָ˿ȻûңѾ߷ơ
𺳵๫Ȼ˵زԸٹҲԸϡ
֪û˵ĻҲԸȫĵİĺǣǵļҡ
ʮţз硣
Ѿû̫ͦʺϳš
ţΪҪһȥ
û뵽ҳ꣬˵Ҫҳ档
Һǲ죬ΪԼոհѡʺϳš뷨˵˳
ʣҪϰӺСɽ𣿡
ü֮š
ǻϲûѣҸ˷ţֽСһŹӺȡ
Ȼ·ͷš
Ȼھǣȴûôţǳ׺μЩᣬżʶǵķò
ȻϤǵ·
Ҳ˶ʱʱ䣬ӳıǺǽߣ֮ǰֻ˵ʹ˽죬ǻʹ
˵ʹذô
ҵ˼룬Ц̧ͷ
ǻɫ£ϱǡ֡
վ࣬һ¾ٲ
࣬㱻ӵɨϣҲˡ
˵ܽҲ֪ô˵ģûǣֱӾͷҽȥˡ
߹ʯ֣һʦţǰվˡ
˵Ҳţ䣬ݣЪɽǱĽ񡣡
ҲЩҲֻСΰƯ֡
˵꣬ҴС·ƽȥû˵Ҵȥֻίˡ
ҡҡͷһ㶼ί
ֿƣߵһտĹ㳡ǰҵͻȻ
һǵã¶ʮһ죬Ϊ״Ԫ˿ڴ
ռдԼ뿴һǿ鱮
û뵽ˣҿ״Ԫʫ֡
鱮һſǧţһġ
ȥ·ϣҸ˵Լ뷨ЦܲǧŲҪҪԼ磬Ƴ׾ףʮ˽ʿıڳǴȶ£дˡȶʮꡯ֪֮ıΪΪԼ
һϲǿ鱮ϲ
룬ΪߵԵʡԽԽ̰ˡ
ʮ磬΢硣
ǰСӵˣ㿪ʼñʡ
֮ǰСŵ˵Ҫдһõ֡
֮ŵ죬СӾ˵ܵܿˣȥ˵Ȼ±ʣȥҵܵˡ
ҿһԵķ˵ϲ֣㶼ܹܣ
Цܡ
ұĻȵȴŴұϣ˵룬СʱǲҲô龫֣
鷿
ڷһҲ붯
Ļе飬ΪСʱҲôɼѧϰÿ춼뾡취͵
ô˵ҶСҪ̫ˡ
ҰļͷС˵ӱҵĽڶࡣ
СʱĽһǡҿˣĽŶ̫ˡ
ͻƵˡ
确ܵܿˡܵˡҲܵˡû⡯Ϊϰʱ仹٣Խʱֻôࡣ
ʵѾȣһ̰Ĵӷϼȡů⡣
ʱҲ֣Ǹסˣȴ߰һһ졣
ҾãΪȻװ꣬ÿһʱ䶼٣ҲŻ˵ϧÿһ
ͬʮղ䡿ļ¼ղһ䣬˵ܻصСʱһκί
лҪ˵֪ϲϲӼqwqһ»ģϲдˡ


142 Ӽǡѡ
Ӽǡʮ 
ӼǡǰʮӡˢˣĲ, Լ¼ʱҲû
³, 
֪, һѾھס˽ӽһʱ䡣
д䣬Сֿйһָۣͷ˵, ˵ȥʮһ²Ű, ׼ȷʮ¡
ãӵģΪʮ¡
Դµź, ǾʱС֣ſž
ع󣬰˵С˶ʱҡ
˶, ˵, 㰢һ, ʱҲô㰢ߣ壬ȻǴЦȫȻǻѹõľ
˵⣬ʵǵǵġ
˵볯Ϊ١֮Կƾ, һǰȥǰϣǿ˽ʿ˾ͲǼңԺҲ˵ס
˵ԺҪҸһˣ۸˰ӡ
գ³ߣʮĵԣѾ˽ӽ¡
Ķ׽ʿмλʿ·
Ϊһ׵һ״ԪֱӱƷĺԺ׫
˵ԭǴкԻµĻ硣
Ȼ͵ķӣ뾩ǰֱӴǹ١
Ǵȱ뵱ٵˣԺ׫̨ȻߣȴǷҪġλÿкܶ˻Ὺġ
˵δĥϵĹԱԺѧʿƷһҲ
ڷڹæ飬ǻٻǡ
ɶôãĸٻûʾҺĻš
³ˣ
Сӷ鲻ãʲôڶûңԹԵ֣ҿ
նдʮ֣ԭдʮ
ſϥϣ˵ӽնд֣ܲܿĵ㣿
ҴӦЦЦ
Ӻܿģٶдʮ֣ܸġ
С˵Ͳˣںܸˡң˵ÿղܶдͻСձʱ˶ָá
СʣΪʲôأ
Скܶ಻⣬ʵҲ̫Сձʱõ飬ŷǶԵġ
ϻСӽ⣬С۾ɵúܴ󣬿ɰڻ
ȴܹȥס˷ȣ˵ҲҪѧЩ
󲹳䡿ԭΪͯ޼ɵЦû뵽ȻСϲҽԴ
³ʮת磬з硣
ջĸ磬ͬʱҲһϢǾǺԺѧʿ׼ٹҹڣǹ٣
ƷµĴǹӣ˾ֱӶ
ãЦѧʿ˵ÿյîܣסңԾ׼ҵĴǹ١
磬ͬİۺ̽Űݷá
ΪԺޣȷһĹٽףΪľϧ
֮⡭Ǻοࣿ
ѧʿȻϸ˵㣬˶չ㰡
˵ֻ־޶ʷ飬ҴŻȥʱǻټ
˵꣬žͱ죬СȥţȻǴŹٷĶˮ˾Աɡ
һƣֱӵݸ˵ǹˣ˸ƣЧԺ֪ˡ
ӹƣԱɴֻ˵ԼҪæոֻ˳·Ȳ趼ûȾˡ
ʶѾã̬ðۺ̽һûǹٲֵ顣
ʮʮߣ磬硣
һֱڸ·ش壬ϵǺü¼ˡ
˴λشɸ˳·ǵ͸ڽλСӵһ·ʮְ
ǰӸСͬ䣬ÿհʱ򣬰ӴСɽһ档
ӴСûúõͬ飬ҺͷҲԼӡ
ȻǸͻСΧûˣðĿĲҪġ
ҺͷŲԶЦ֡
żСɽ䣺Ҹ磡ûʲô
ڽСӣҲǣûӺСɽΣյ飬ȡ
ĪȻСºܳȣҲǷġ
ϰӻʱЦʮֿġ
ǻĶö֪࣬ʲôĢԳԣ
ʮʮˣ磬΢硣
ԭҲ¼λСӸкǱû·ڸ
λӶȻǳԻˡ
æʰûг˵Ģ
ҡҡͷǣ˵˵ĶҾûԣҲûõܵܳԡ
ŷ
ʣǻûµİɡӦȰǲҪԡ
˵ûµġǿɶǽСӰ
ҩӱȥҩҰæҩ
ԶЩСǵﴫ
˵ɵĢܳԣôͲҡ
˵ԼĢġ
Ҳа
ʣһ㣬ǣҡҾʹһء
лҪ˵ǵСɽ죬Լ̫ʵ~ò״һţ
һСħŮˮӸ⡤жʮң


143 ⡤
״Ԫ¾ʹ˸
ʮ״ԪȻʷģҲ㹻Сˡ
һʱ, 塢ԺЩסĵط˶úܶࡣ
˵֪ѧȡ, Ѻ, Ҳմմ״Ԫɵϲ
ⶼ峤ˣҪտԣʦʹãԼˮƽ, Ҳ˲ôຢӡ
Ȼô˵, ЩҪ˶ϲ̵ش˼ա
ſǿҿ״ԪױأҲ״ԪӴˡ
ΧӡõĿɲֹ壬ʦ, ǰʦͯ丸ĸż
ȻµƷȻԶԶżļ۸
Ϊ˲˵Ƹֵơ̸Цĳ, ֪Ǹ°ɣҲδʦʲô
֮ǰнԪ, ѾвҪѺ͵顣
ҲǸԼǰ, ÿý̶˾ǶˣѧҲܲ
͹˱ѧľÑҲһθһεӡ
ҲϽųȻĹ⹺˲Ӹԣ
нԪʱ򣬻žû˸žͷ
ǿǾеĵһԪ
һӶû, ŵѧˣг𺳣Ҳһ㼵ʵͷ
̫󣬼ʲĽûУֻ𺳡
ʱнԪϲŵϱ˯ǰװ˵ס
ɻ󣺡ʲôף
֮͡ǰᵽģôɺҳ
û˵꣬Ѿۣȵĺһ仰Ҳ˵
룬Ǽǰ̬ȼһ㣬ûбϱȰһл᲻᲻һ
ʱǼĸҵСӽףôɻڴҲȻ׮Լ
˽ŵͬʱҲŵ
ôǼҲƾ׮Լλβֹ
ãŵΪ˯ˣԱߵ͵ƣɷҴñǣҲ׼Ϣ
ʣ㲻СǸ𣿡
ϱ˻СҺӵС
ĻȷʵǸ⡣״ԪڣҲȻСۼҴɡ
촽˵ˡ
죬ʧ˴ޣ˺ܶණҵľǵʱҪ׵ʱ򣬱ϱסˡ
ϱ뷨Ӽ޽Իί
ʱ˹λȨأҸ㲻õô׼ұɳҡ
ί˵ǼĻΪѰӣÿձ趨ʡǰ밲ԴöȲܸš
ֻ̬Ʋһοδһ¡һ꣬ջӿ϶òá
۵ԺΨһ뷨ǣҲգ²ᡣ
ȵ״Ԫϲſеֱ֭·ϡ
״Ԫ
Ҳ𺳣š
ǵˣ
ձɷ״Ԫֱ躲Ժ׫ְƷ
Ʒʲôְж󣿡
Żش𣺡ְһţһߣص̫үƷ
˼ڿǱ̫үĹ٣
Ҫ֪⻹һӣؿɱӴˣҲˡϰ̫үǶĹˡ
ŵϱ·ʵĵһ仰ǣڣǲûʸ衢˽ˣ
ųĬһ£˵Ȼ֪ˣĻԺҪᡣ
ӵǴӴһ·ߵڵģǻյǮţء
ȻڽһһҲû˵صĻ
Ͼô룬ֻǸ۽⣬ûзԭϴҲ᲻Լϱ
=
Ҫ˵״Ԫ󣬻Щ̩Ȼ֮ģֻʣ³Ȼܡ
Ȼ˵Ȼ־ڿƾ٣ȴһ
ʼԷŰ֪ԼܿһȴȻӵһλ
ʵԴ
ҪǻʶŶ̶̼¶ѡ
ڳȻƾ·ʺߣǿԿҲ׷ϡ
ܼسǣ˻ڸǵԺȻ־Ӫ̣Ǽ׼ԡ
꣬ÿһΣֻӡ硢îܿһ꣬׼ʱ仹ͦࡣ
¶࣬Ȼȥǵʱ˴ܡ
˰ѾԻʱ̸Ϊˡ
˵֮ԸʶΪΪ԰ףȴڰͷϡ
ʶ鲻Խ۷ѧʶ¡
ǻͻСʮ꣬͸һ硯ƺڻûĹ
˺ƣȻʣ½أ
˵˵ϲһã飩ޣѧ壬;ء
Ȼʱ۾˵˵
ܣ֪ÿ⣬þøȻûҪ˺ˡ
ԭǹһɷŵԵ÷Ҳһʱ䡣
ΪһֱûУű̧С檣ͱˡ
ܵ˵Ҳ֣ŵԣûӣҲޡҲ׼ұô
Ȼԣ
ԭλԼģúĵ꣬Ǹǵ϶ҵġ
Ȼ۾
ܵȷʵǹҼһΣ˵ȴ˻Ҫˬ½Ҫܱ˹飬Ҳˡ
ܡȻܸϵôã۲౾ͲǲΪŮ˺͸ǵĸƷ
һ˵̸º͹۵ۡ
λĹҲ֪ڿˡӼǡ󣬲˲۹õ뷨
꣬½λס
ǡǶʱ乤Զһ䣬Ҳʱظǰݷϡ
ֵƿڣҪʦһ͡
ǻص˸󣬲֪½ҪףȻҪμӻ
ͨʱ䣬½ڵõ˹ĻӦͬʱҲ֪ϲĹǱӼǡȾһ󵨵ĳԡ
λ˵ҳӼǵʱШдڼԼĳд㶫ҵʱţ˱ȥ°뱲ӳŷƣֱãԼû顣
ǣ½Ļ϶˼λףƹͼҲˡ
ӼǡڸǵӰܹ㣬ֻϲ򸮳СĹ￴ÿÿڿ
Ҫ˵ƹĳŸˡӼǡⱾҲеϵ
ϯϣƹĺȸˣС˵°Ҳǵľϯϰ
£
ǲǡӼǡ
½Ͻȥƣʵ㶫ҲߣҲǼҵĶˡ
ƹȴſϺ˯½顣
½¸ӡ
ӵǸˣ΢һ룬˵ҡ֪˭ˣ
½ãʲôϱǰúȫûȥ
ӿԺģѱӸϣЦķǺѣҺң뾴˽ӽ
лҪ˵һ
ߵҡ


144 ⡤
ڶ½ͷԡ
û³µ˭, ӽշû, ô֪ˣ
, ֻܡȴһ˿˿Ŷ͸¶
½׷ʣ˵Ȼ˱ǲ֪ҵȻûвĵҲñ֤ܰ͸¶ȥ
½, оԼȷʵеѲסš۶ﻹӷ, һܶ
Ҳ֪㣬ʣֱЦ˵ķɡ@޺ģڽѧ
½𾪺Ĭ, ǱӼ෹ҲΪùί¼ޣҲ˲Ŭ
ֻǱͨƪǶǡѼ֮ˡһ䵥, ᵽܶС
οҲû˵ԼŮӻǸҲûǱ롣
ڱһ, ԽԽþĽġ
ԣȫܶԵϺţ֮ǴӴ, ǻӶ߰˸´Сˡ
˶, ½˵, ڵŬԼ˵ȥˡǰǸд˺ܶż, ƹ˵ʱղôǻʲô˵Ļֱø֮ǡ
գ½Լż㣬ûнӹƶȻѹӵģ
½ͷûǵġ
Ĭſ
½ŵĻ֪ôͣ״˵һѣòײ׽ص㡪
ԭϯƹǷ½ӲµСɵݡ
Ų½ĽģӸġ
Ȼ仯º͵Ľӹ½ţŷϵּȷʵ½ˡ
ٴοڣ̬׽ͣȫѹȡ
ãһΪת
½ܸоԼʲôû֤ݡ
=
磬Ľ˵µʱСӾһһ鿴
ĽֱӲţİ˵ţȴ΢΢ЩϤ
ϤԴּҲϵԴĵ׵Ϥͺд֮˺ʶһ
Ľϸһ£ŵּȷϤǰҲӦôΪˡ
Ҳ֪ĪϤе״Ӻζ
Ѿ߽꣬ӽĳߣһ׶𽥿ʼСҲʱཱུӡ
λֻ̧ɫ̬ûκα仯
ǹЦԴ˼
ӼûעԼĸʹɫ
ÿ˵Ҫȥ𣿡
С֪ǰ˽Ȼ͵ţͲҪǣҲ֪Լòú档
ҡͷֻһţĽĶûвҴŵ˼ȻԼҺӡ
˵д֮Ҳ֪ģոҲ˵ˣ½ӡ
ʲôԨԴͲˡ
ĽĿŸǵЦһֱûֻ˵ԼдġӼǡ˴ҲǻԵɺ֮£µҵݣԲдš
Խ֮ǰͲҩȫ
Խ徭˵ÿն䡣
˵ļôġ
ʴˣŵʱֻ΢˼һ£ϵ½ӵݣƲǰĽдܳżĶߡ
ԼƲ˵˳ĽҲˣ˵Ҽǵÿţ̾ʶҲԵ֡
˵˼䣬ȻûרŸСӽͣҲǰ
СȻɫտȣЦȥˡ
Ľʷո˵ģӶˣ
˵˾Ųʮ
ĽģӹȻ̫ˡ
лҪ˵ĶǸqwqڵǰһдҲҿqwq
дܿΪûˡԺ󲻳ŵʱqwqǸ
иɣСʹǡһڰûɣˣʱ613աҲ˵613֮ǰⱾĲᣬȻһҪ۰񵥡ԡʱҪƳqwq



145 ⡤
Ȼڸǣشˮ·Ҳһʱ, гÿʱһ˴ӵĴ㡣
ټϹǱ촬µĽչ, ߽˵Ļʹ, 涨ĳɶˮ˾ġǡˮ֡ʹֻٸ죬شҲ㡣
Ȼ˻᲻Լľɴÿɿڶʹֻ֡
´ʻٶȿ, ¿ŵĵطͨ硣ʺϴ, ڴϣҲܳԵͼˡ
͢Ĵֻףƺ۹ôͻ, սţ
뷨ν󵨣˾ӿУŬʵ
ףƻйĴʦã˶ַ, ֤սвܾǵĴʡ
ЩеѶ, ȥʵĻ, Ѹ
ԣȵ磬̻ڽһǾôֻս֤Ч
ЧȻǷǳá˸Զڶ̳¶սûʲôӰ졣
޴ʻƽ, սܾˮ·ֿ죬Ҫսˣ֧ԮٶȾԺܿ졣
ʵѾʮ꣬ӹǿ㿵Ӻմá촬ɹ影ǣʵϰﻹжذ
Ͼһǣսܶͳ˹֮ܣܴĵĽ͡
ǵĹȴĥ
δоٵףƷ˹٣ְʮ˾С
ڶˮ˾йְ󣬵λڸɡ
ףƵʱԼſ̫ʥּ˶Ǵ͵ġ
ûпƾٹԭΪһӶ˹٣û뵽񶼿ʮˣȻ˶ˮ˾УƷ
ԱɺѻҪһȼ
ԱΪƷĹְףƵĺϢϾݼ˾
ףƶ̬һʱûйʱԱɿĲŻˮ˾¶ǿһ
ɱȤˣһˣϣܻ
ףˣȤĪҪԩҡ
Уԩ㣬ѮΣȥ¥һ֮ۡˣҲ֪ʲôʱʵմ֮Ĺ⣬һúúøл
ԱһֱЦ⣬ףƻǰǸףƣ˿ûΪ˴پָʹû˿֮ӣѵ۹⻹ǲ
˵ף߽ͶôǱ߲룬϶Ķ͡
Ͼ촬͸Ҫ뷨λ˱ˡ
Ǻ·;ңԶŵ·ϻõһӣ»˿֪
ҲĸֻܵĺôǾǴӸǵӣǰҪһ쵽һʱ䣬ڳʱߵ㣩ʱ㣩չͿԵ
ҲҿջޣǿǰֱӸϻشӡ
ش֮ǰ峤ţҲıɨãҲµġӸţӿڵǡ
Ͼ״Ԫȵ𣬺Ҳ
͢峤ǮƲ˵˵أΧҲԺΪģöǶ飬ųӣҲ
һһûӿڣͱ˴ӵŽ˴塣ۿŶҪߵſڣ˻ûɢ
İӸһһֱЦݡ
Ժãﻹмףս˵ҲɵĽС塢
Сɽ꣨ʵ꣩Ҳڴ˻ͣš
۵оȻܿЩ࣬·һģӿ̳ġ
СɽֻûЦ˻ǺòĽš
ߵſڣСѾȺˡ
ԴǰлشСͼ޸ӵܣҲǸڿĺӡ
ҪǣҲһ۾Сˡ
ʮһˣ˵󲻴˵СҲСڶУͲȢ£ׯҺУͳˡ
ԭɲϲʮʻͣȢؼҡ
ĸĸǿ׳Ӹߣͦؿ죬ݶȢˡ
磬ɱû֮࣬粻ֻһ𣿡
ĵ˵˼˼ң㡣˵˼ҵķɾ͸һʮ硢سĸҵڶˣ
ɵʱ˵ֻҪȢ˰ĻôҪ
ܾԼҺɡҪȢɣȺͻݶܲĽ̫ࡣ
ڼ䣬ʮ꣬ﻹԼҶȢڴĹֱԺˡ
ϲȢ˼һֲܺúöԴⲻô
Ǵαñⵣᣬڴ˼
ͶƹˤĻ¡
ҲֵöУÿ󣬻ܰӿ񣬼Ҳ˵Ǯ
ɵ˶ʮһ꣬ڴ
СһγڴɵʱţݶݶϿ˼ңϵĻǸˡ
Ĳ˵һֱĽߣСʻǺܲġ
û˿ŮȴҲôҪ˵ĻǾһһ˶Ʋۡ
СҲаԼ޳ȥ˼ҵҪڵǰ˵ϻţСҲܹúһ㡣
˵ɵĵҲͦڵģ⼸ʵҲ͵͵࿴Сֱòѡ
СΪûٸ飬ʵԶԷ³ס
źɶãСԼ״⡣ǿġ
ֻǵӺСɽֱʱСһ¾Ϳ޺ۡ
ʱСӻССһޣҲʼӣҺ͵аġ
Сɽأ
һ꣬ﻹСרʰġ
ֻⴲȽСҲ֪ܲ˯ĸˡ
鷿齣ϾϢ
峤˵·һ飬Ǽ䷿ԺٻŵطҲôơ
游ĸﻹڵʱס˵ӡ
ǶûˣЩҲ©꣬ʱȽϻ죬ȫˣԺǽ˵㡣
ڴ峤Ҳûκ顣
Ҳ˵մĹ⣬ѧѧҵǮĻơҲĹٺö˶ĺá
ȻҶô˵ҲƴǣʹӦˡ
˵ǷǮͷλ׳ˡ
峤˵ǿھûãѾѻɳʯͷˮҲֱͣˣʱλ´һھ
峤˵еǷˮڷˮλҪвעӰ˵ˡ
ǰԭһȻû˹ҷˮ顣
״ԪɳȻעˡ
룬Ҳͬˡ
ϣĽĺ庢˯ţȥ鷿ϣǧп
ʵǿھӡͦӵġ
ԭǰôɵһӣɾˮ뾮͸˸һ
Լ˵Խ֮ǰ˶ʮ꣬ǰӡ󣬺ĶʮҲĸ鵭ϵңԶд衣
У᲻ʲô
ɵ˯ţ˻оߺԼ֡
ѣһûµģ
ߵİи΢еϤ˵̣ޣأ
ɨǣŮôô񶾣Լĺӣǲǻң
Ů˺ȫֻţҵİû
幫ȱоأ
Ҫ۾Ҫ׷ʲôƴȫһָͷ
˻ܸдĳֱˡ
۾Χһˡ
ССƺվſڣ˲϶
Ա߻ڿ֡
úõһӣôͳӣ
ǰôԣô͸һУռСˡ
ߣԼҺӱ档
ӦƬνֿʼһ
˸͵͵ĳԡ
²ųˣԡ˵꣬Ǿ仰ͳˣ˭ҪƼ

һһƬ̫һ֡ᣬƺΪ䣬ʶʲô
ĵһ²ǣѵǱˣʵǰǰԭ
Ȼǰ̫ƬβûʧȻݡ
ƿزԼ壬²ԣ͡ԶҲѲһ
飬۾ͬʱ뵽Ĵǡ
κһζҡֻҰȥһʱգյЩҵΪǱ뷨Ӱ죬ǣľżһһ۵жҵ磡
лҪ˵Ϻð~ԣûƬǽ~û꣬Ӱ졣ڼﱻ游ĸӰ죬ԺͬӰ졣
Ϊû꣬Դûϲ
һ¿ʼдӳɳճ


146 ⡤
ӣ, ³ں, , ʵʮ¡
ڹŴʵ꣬ҺӼˡشĶꡣǴӳ꿪ʼ㣬Ϊֹ, һһꡣܹû, ֻҪ꣬㳤һꡣ
ֵ£ٹ°ʵˡ
ǺƤĽ׶, Ҳ⡣֮ǰھǣָͷʲôʱڣ˾䣬ܴ, ŵƽʱԵǺǡ
ʱǻͣ˵㡣
ֻҪק, ͬ, ôɿڡ
ϣĽҲɨ˺£Ķ
⼸ھǣӽеĳȥĻҲЩˡ
˵λƽҲţʱȥʱȥף, Ҳнѡ
ҪǰСһ춼Գţǲܵġ
󲿷ʱ䣬ֻڼ
ص󣬴Ҷףûô񷨽
ҲСӣʲôʱ涼Գšֻ˵ɽɽжޣҲҪˮû˿ţпܻᷢΣգϵؼҡ
˵Сʱ۾ģͷû
ɵĻͷͰģһչ˺õܵܣȥΣյĵط
ӻû䣬Сɽ˵һᱣø磡
˵ұߣǸ磬ұ㡣
ɽ磬磬Ӳļ׷ܣҸߵġ»Ҫǻ飬㲻ܣұ㣡
ӽ
Ǽֻֻǵıϣ·ࡣ
һ˻˴ӣǶھǺ͸ǣû·͵ðȥϴŶ㿪
СɽҲںģֻǡ¼δ̫̫Բ˵㡣
Ľʶӵġ踺ءοӲ£ۼǰʱ׷ҲţֻҪԶǾ׷ϡ
ӳĬһѡ˲˵
ȫ̳˰ƽ⣬ںڹܵһˣ
ʵûôƫƫ˶ΪҪ
СиͬĺӣССڣΪɹ̫ڣС鶼кƤ
Ƥ꣬ȰС꣬ɽһꡣǻƤӡ
Ӻ͵ܸܵҲ˸졣
տʼ죬Ӻɽﺢ滹Щ֡˵ٻӺ˵
Ӻɽ绰ԭûôѶ鷳Ҳ
һȺС˼󣬻Ƥ˹ϵá
ԭƤСɽͿ䡮úÿɽе㺦ߣöˣͰѺƤ鵽ԼӪϡÿسȥ棬ܵƤſڽ
Ƥһ ʱ򣬿ſƯķ·ӻ߳ͬ飬ķǳܳ
ں϶ܿЩΡ
ǸС͵ʱ˾ȵʣƤǱȰô
ƤҵŲң
ϻڴĶܣ˵Ҫ㡣
ƤĿڣ治ҵġ
ɹǺģ
ƤͲˡ
˻峤ԼҺӳȥѧñ顣
ԭÿ綼ûϣ峤żˣһյѧҵ
ãǵðְӡ
ǰĺǺֵһһˣһְӡ
˰ӺɽСֻһˣְӵֻǡ
Ϊ峤ϲҷЩǶˡ
峤Ҳ飬ҵĺǡ
ҺǶˣȻ峤Ĳ֪ô졣
Ƥɫ죬ͨ죬峤̵Ǹʣͬ
󣬿Լ֣ٿƤģ˵
ɽֻܵиͬı顣
Ƥһ޳
лҪ˵һĩβ޸һСbugôôա


147 ⡤
İȻͺӹе̰棬Ҳ̳ɡ
ÿճʱ, Ѿ, Ҳ, ʱĽľɰš
ش嶼ǴҴһסգȻæſƾ٣ȥˮ˾æ
߶ҪæƾѾ, ˮ˾ĴֻҲһ䡣
ûй, ˴θֱӸ꣬˵Լ⼸촬ĵ
ӻѧӦ, չ෽档
ҪǷڵٵϣȻܸôá
ʱٵĺôֳˡȻȥѾ, Ҳֻͬ⡣
˸̫̫Ϥ, ڡ
Ӻɽ, 𷱻ľҲϲ˸һ㡣
СѧԷ츳ŻʮգͿԸƤʹĺϰ
ʹ㣬תԱȽѸ٣С˵Ǽ绰
ǼǵĿ, ˵ľǹٻ
ɽ㣬ڼ˵ҲǼ绰
ӻǵһ ɽ/ż绰ı飬ȷʵһѾݡ
Ľĳ⣬Ҳû˵ġ
һоƽڣʱҵ䣬շת룬׺˺Ӳá
ԶĽĶԣûٰߵĶżӡ
Ȼ޸Ҳ˸壬ԼҲ˵ƽʱ˵ҲῪڽ
ˣӦǿӦοͿĲŶԡ
ȥعȣϲſͷĺһ
ĽĿһׯҺһĴ磬ëʱûס࿴ۡ
ԭûĶ̴Ϳӣˮȣѿ쵽ϥǣһ·߻Ҳûѿӷȥ
Ľľ棬⼸ʱնųۡ
Ҳʼº͵˴
磬ոո˵ʱǴŵЦ⻹ûѹȥ˺׽
Ľ˿ͻȻһʵɹ𣿡
д˻飬ʱ󣬲µظɻ
ɹڡ϶ǻģֻǿɹڶˡ
ĻΪʲôһ֡ȻԴǰ֮ǰոףܣɹںİ顣
ĽҲ֮ŴЦҡҡͷ
˵ͺá
Ľģڶˣ֪࣬˵ġ
ϲ˵塣
ĽЦſԸ㡣
ǿްɣͰѷ仰˰ɡ
ڵİҲ֪ɹڣˡ
Ժ˵˼仰ӺСɽҲӳѷ˶˽ݡ
Сɽھļ绰ƺdaο¹ԭ
ӦǺܿ죬ϵıҲȣֻԼҲл˼绰״̬ѧʲô
ɽļ绰Ҳ˵ĺܺãҪãǸˡ
һ˳극ü绰ʵΪҺ͵ܵѧ˼绰𣿡
Ц
˶٣ʣΪʲôһ
˵֮ǰھǣӼоǰϿϼҴڣԲͬĵ˵ҲǵطԡڵĲҴ˵ҪЩһ棬Ϊǲ˵ٻǴֱɡ
Ǿü绰ֱ𣿡
ҡҡͷһҲӾü绰УҲѺá
ɽ˵Ķԣ
дͣ˵㻹ǵʷϵһξٹͳһʲôʱ𣿡
ɽûѧһ飬ӻشʼʱڣ䷨ͬ졢ͬġ
ʣʼʽ
ͻȻʶΪʲôôʣŴ죺
ף˵ھʼʱһǧٶ꣬ʱѾڴвͬǷڵʱĻǹٻֻʱһԲиı䡣ӹɵǣԲûиߵ͹֣֮ÿطԶصʷǶԴ˵̬ȲӦء
ӵͷȻˡ
ɽд˼ĽĶû˵˼ɽﲻף
ɽ˵Ҷˣ˼ǸԶֵأ޸ߵ͹֮֡
ĽĿɽǿСûס¡
ɽǰŭҲԣ۰Ͱ͵س
ӼĶûסҲ˵ܵһ¡
ɽλǲί


148 ⡤
ͬʱ˸
ʵʥּ̫˸, ֪ӴԽӴˡ
Ӵ˿̫, ģ, һ㶼ҵ
ԭҲû߱κӵ̬ȣҲֻǸӹԼгװ׵ԼĽ֮·
ǰ̫൹ӴŰ, Ͳ, ڹﵱˣ̫࣬ЦʱҲֲŭơ
Ӵ˶Ծ֮², ΨеԵʱŽʹ
Թ̫ǵȨƸǲ˽⣬ֻ˵˲H¡˵̫жţո´磬ڹӵȵȡ
ӴԭΪԼԵ̫Ҳ, ŵﲻǾԼСͣһʱƽ˾
ȴû뵽̫, ڸſӭӵ, ֱӹЦݡ
Ӵˣ
Զ¹ѱþ磬Ϊӷϴ
ǰӴ˻˸ĲƷʳĲϳˣϾյϢ׼ز, Ѿʵס
øǵûñȡ
ǷŹ˵ϣŲ˵Ĳףһ㲻þ;ñ˵ԼĻ֪ûӱ⡣
Һ۳Ͷٵ̫ಢụ̂Ҳû׼ӵġТϢһֱӲ⡣
Ӵˣڸǣ
ӴĳƺϽش𣺡ڸǣֻ»ϼңӦڴ
ΪǹǻؼҲûжϸֻ˵ˡ硯֡
־жغ壬˵ǸãС˵ǾǴӡ
Ͼ꣬Ҳܱ֤Լڶڴӻ߸ãҲûϵʵ۾Ȼ˸͡
ǰʥּҲʹӴСңãûѰǾȥسǻߴӡ
Ӵ˵£¹ǡ
֪룬㱻ǳ֮ΪûйһƷĹȥδе㲻
Լ˰͹
˵ʮߣڹٳϣѾСˣٿҲܵƷ
ٴһѹˣô˵Ӧǡ
ûϵ⻰һǹֱӷв豭
һϡ
Ӵ˴Բӣı飬츣Ĵ£һһص˷Ѷ졣ۼҵȻ԰ݷá
Ӵ˺Ĭһ±Լ𾪣ڹٳϻ켣ãȫԿԼϽ˿ڲ˵Լ˵ˡ
һ۽˵һֱں壬λ̫Ҳ׼ٴζ
̫ߺӴ˵ǵû뵽Ȼֵز
ӴҲüпǰ˵ǸõĴǰϲ٣Ҳȫ˺ܶࡣ
ЦλĻû˵С
ӴͻȻ
˵ˡϽµǸ
Һ̫ѾˣȻ仰һӴ˶
Ҳ̫ͺŵԭ򣬴󲿷˵ǵһףһס
Ҳܲ˿ԼԲԱ
λƷ̫࣬Ͳ󣬸ǴӲ裬ԺǸ
һг̺֪̫һϣɫǾһϡ
ڶǳһȺˣŴʶʮֳаϳԱߴ𻰵λǵ̫ү֮ǲҶƣߺŸҿϼۡ
ȻҲǵһʱ֪ϢȺǰȥķȥҰİɣ
ȻԤϵûȻȥġ
͵ǮԺʥּҪġ
Щ˵ʱڵɻֻĽġ
˸Ͻ˽ˣĺӡ
Ƚˣһ͸ĺʲһ̫ҲƳĺӡ
ɽͲһˣȻ񣬵÷裬ĳһȺӳӵʱǶſڡ
д˵ȳȥ档
ĺǼЩη壬ϾЩ˱ǵĵҪߣҪװϢĺ˼
ɽȫţͷЦʱмĸо
ڲ棬ȥС˵ٻӦҲֱ׼Ĺٻ
ܸое죬ȴ벻ٿ⺢ӴҲͨȻܾ
ȥС棬ܽȥš
ʱûӦǰ⺢Ӹո˵ǹٻڱϴԵħС
ɽԴǣҼңҸ綼ȥˡ

Զոմڸũ·ҲǶôʣǸǰСе㡭ƺơ
ȻʶģһСɽܽȥˡ
룬֪ΪʲôСˡ


149 ⡤ؾ
İǿܲʶ̫ү峤϶ʶġ
øũ, ԭſڳ̶, һȺֱӳȥ, һʱ̸ˡžડһ˵ϡ
Ⱥгϻ̳Ͽֻػ֪صʱȶҪˣȻϽȥ
ȻһȺͣſ, ȻûֱӴȥ, ͣ˼š
·Ӳ㺰һΧû˵˲ѻɤ۶, ֻ
ߵ֪شЦ£ǵϰߣؾн
л, ˡ
ĽĿţӾûȥ
峤˵ٻ, һ֮, ȥˡ
ȥʱ򿴵Ľվ˸ͬߵˣ˵ˣҲֻΪûɰ롣
峤ֵǣȻߵĽĲࡣ

ڳôˣ֪شڣ, ǸΪס
峤ҲֻǴһۣ͸ϽջĿ⡣
ͬʱ룬ûϻֻ÷ɽӴٹˣδʧ׵
ȴһ۶ûߣһֱߵĽ˵Ҳ֪˵ЩʲôĽĴǵЦһֱûȥǹǳǳľѡ
ȴûע⵽Цеǣǿ
峤ԶֻԼԼʡ㡯ȫ˵ʲô
ٴο֪أǿǱصĸĸ٣ҲصվһߣǶ΢΢ס
峤ͻȻЩ֪ش˺ܿջĿ⣬ȴΪ׵˵
峤󣬾ͷԼվλеΡ
վһǰ棬ѹסֶ֪ҪšֻС֪Ų
ӽȽˡȻǸλ岮峤Ҳڳƺ֮С
ȫ˴峤ΣλһֱĽ˵˺ע⵽й
仰֪Ҳվߡ
峤ٴҲԵɣ֮ǰµûĽĽ˹Ȼλܸߡ
ĽܸλƽȽⲻӲ淴ӳԼҲô
Ȼȵ峤Ⱥ˵̬ȣ𾪵Ļ˵
߹ԼѾǹٻ˰ǹˣΪʲô֪ضÿɫµ˾Ȼ˹
峤룬ҺԼûΪǹͶ̬κβءȻľ͸Լˡ
Ҳֻʣҡ
ǰΪǹΪӦٳ߱żʱοһ
룬˵ԼҪǹ٣ΪӣŲԸԼʵ顣
֮峤Ͳ֪Ϊ֪غ˳š
峤֪ȥԼ֪ȴȫûų͸վſ˵
輸յ
ˣһһǳҡ
峤Ƿˡ
£˵̴ĺ飿
ֻһ֣Щѧ峤ͷЩҲǰõġ
֪ĳƺ̬ȱĸã˵ҶԲҲо𣿡
峤ôģ
=
Ľ˵ȻѾǾͻȥǰɣ׽㣬üһ档
ĽıòƵ˵ǡ
һ£˵㲻ϲȥǡ
ΪҪ˵ʲôƪۣ㷢Уû뵽ֻ䡣
仰ȫɢʥּݵķֻ顣
Ҳʺҷչǻȥǡ


150 ⡤
֮΢Щ治Ϊϲǡ
ֻ𾩳, ϲ˸ڡ
зȥɵ, Ȼ, ֱӷ
˵ʵڵģȻģǸĹŴͬڶԻȨĵηϡ
Ͽ, ˵͸¶̫, λϲ
רѧ˲飬ؽȥһֺÿġݸ塯
ʵʥּ, ڸʹͣʹȴһĽĵ塣
⡪Ķͣʵ۸ʹŲǰ档
ҲΪ, ǹʥּЦŵۼҾ㳣ڻʹ, Ҳ鸮үСɾչ, ɾǲѾȲҪؾˣ
Ľ֪̫ݣֻǺЦͷ
˰ĽĶ˵ⷬ
񣬻ʵʥּʵȻûȥĽĵ׽ھǣټҲ֪ĽЩŵĸǷԵضʣλҪ
, ĽαضûؾȥܿĽ㡣
ѵܷĽһ˱ĸ
ܵģǱضټҷʱܲô˳Ļܡƹܶˮ˾Ĺܾˡ
ԣڷϲµķϣһӡǻظϻȻʥּݣЩҲǹ¡
һ仰͸ɢ˿Ҳʣ
=
һ˴˴η̣̫ͬУӰȫɶȡ
λ̫ɿڣԼҲ˿ʱ֮ǰ¿һð
겻ԼҲͲûعˡ
̫Ѿãɿڣ͵úƤһֱĥˡ
֮ǰũûʱĽɿڣϾȵĽ㣬֮ٸԷ磬ҲͲѰˡ
û뵽Ľ֮ǰһҧȷᣬȫûѳ̬ȡ
̫Ծǣ谮ɵͷȻ黰Ӧˬ졣
ҲΪˣ˰䡣
˷ֻΪԷ룬ֱɷˡ
̫Żʵ۶̬ȣҲύ˼ˣȻˢøжȡ
ȵһ˸ϵǵʱ֪Ӵڶɿӭӣλ߸ϵ̫ڴͷС̸һΣǰԵ
ӵΧ弼дϰʵΧŻġ߲ݶƤҲΪԼסһЩ򡯡
λ̫඼̲סҪ
ԭǼŷȻ´ֱӼǰоǡ
β̫໹ѯɻҪĺѣһ˿ڴա
ԭҲ㡣
ҪүȻӹǻѸߣʮڹŴǸˡ
һټ˷ǣεȻҲصĵ
˺ɫǶڿջȫȥһҡ
үظ뵽һȥˣϱĿһԸȡ
ү˵Ҫץȥˣ
Ĭһ£͵ץáץܸоֵֹġ
ү۾гһΪҿ㲻ȥ𣿡
ʥּү˵ˣүӻǲš
ôܣ˻Ϻ֮ǰһֱʵжģôôණ
ֱӰʥּݱ˵ҪǻţҰʥּùĿ
ֱһͦЩ
֮ǰϾ˵ʹ׵ͻִҽѧûһԤʮĸμ
ѷĹŴҲֻܰĦҩˡ
ȫûԼ֪ǲʹ𾪵£ʵʵôͻȻôණ˵Ǹе̫ǴƷλء
Цˣһʱ͸˵ڹ˵㶫гɹȻʹ͡
ֱڿ죺ǻΪĸھǻ첻ȥŴǹٷ磬ΪЩ
ǻ̬ȷҵĻ
ϽͣǣǲҲǵĴܲô

ϸоԼֱԽԽڣ˵֪ҵʱ͸㰡
Ĭ
ϣռ磬Ұܸ֮ˣǵðʥּϣҺúóȥ԰԰ڡ



151 ⡤ʥּ
Ŵνһһˣʲôϲ, ׶һ
еļͥʮˡ
ϵļҲ, һǸʱ, Ǽڴ󻧡
ʱսңҰﵹû˿ƾ٣ɽ
ΪǼֳ, Ĺǵѧø첲þ, ǵƾд֡
һˣʱдֵʱ򣬲Ҳһһһ˶ץʯͷ, ɾʯͷӵصȷĵط
ңԺʱ򣬿ĵһǼʯͷӡ
ԭڼũÿ컹ϰԳź, ༸ʯͷ˵Ĳ¡
ԣûʱ, ͨϵĵһݿ顣
Թ, ͬӼӵǸһɵĻ࣬ɽԣڴҲһˡ
ʱţ͢ȶ, ⻼Ҳѹ
ǰٷϴ˵ʱӼӵƾǿ׳׬˲Ǯ鿼ƾ٣ͷء
˸֪Ӵˣ⡮еٮٮߡ
磬Ӵ˸ɽĴһֺ֣˵Ҫһλ¸صʦ
ȻӴЩŬҲдš
ˡֻϵ˵ϻ
ʴˣͻȻҪټϲ£Ҷ¡
󵨵Ĳ²⣺үүǲǴ˽ӻ˽ܸǣ
˵⻰Ǹʮҵ꣬˵꣬׾ͱ˴һ¡
ɭŭڣŤͷ󺰣˭Ҵү
ȥðɭ㳤ˣҪүҵҪСӣﻹ³ʲô
ɭԴӴܣ򣡽׸ͷүүǰú¶˺һô¶
ɭֲ֣Ƥ˵ˣҪǹ죬ɶ
ոֵֿͣʼһֵᡣ
ֹĺǲүνġϲ¡ʲô
֪ӴҲ˼⣬ʲô²⣬˵˰û˻ش֪ŷ֣ǵļ磬ڸãûء
Ҫӵ飬Ӽҵлڱص׶ˣȻҲŷɺһͬμӡ
Ӳûμӹ磬СԼҵļ磬ֻһĿڣ󵽽ļ硭ûϵǶжʮء
ŵŵܵܲμļ磬һҲ𣬷һ󷽵塣
СɽΪõѺƤֿЩġ
ʱӵʱ򣬺Ƥ໵ĿޣɽСװүһҲѹҲ໵һ޳
˸УӰСɽһֱ˲
Сӵ۾ǲزסģҺôҵĹעҲСɽϣĽ¶ͱԺϯˡ
ʱҲǰ״ӵ˸߳
ȺϲϣӴϢƬ̣ʱ䣬ˡ
˻ĽıȥһȾơ
ͬʱӼҵСҲһԺĸ밲Ȼܳȥ衣
ӼĸүһŮ
˵үӵ׽㣬֮ѾôҪҲչࡣ
ʴˣľ֪ŵӵ顣
أܰôҲĹڡ
ӼĸķɺͺǰݼڣӺɽߣߵѾǶٺóԵģһѺĸǡ
ɽ㻺ˣȻǺ˸Уעôɢһ㡣
ȵӼһȺǽʱɽѾٽˡ
СһרעߵĽЦų⣬רĽԼľ
ֱɭ˵㳤úúÿ
ɽٿһ̧ͷŷ仰Ƕ˵ģǶԱҸ˵ġ
Ӽĸ¾˵񡣡
ĸľܺÿûḡ˼
ɽۺջĿ⣬Ȼͦ۹⣬綼ˣô˵ĺḡ
ӷǰһֱѡƯϣҲþûᵽ仰ˡ
ӼĸѾ˵һ䣬¾Ϳֱӽҹȥ
·ɽӣתͷͻȻһĸĶŪһƯޣһȻǻҪ𣿡
Ӽĸ
ɽ𽥱ãƤҲ˵úÿȻûи硢ÿ
Ҹ硢ͰǺÿ
ɽڻûʶԼ˼ֵϺȵĴڡ
һãϵĶҲͼӿ˲٣һ۽⿪лӦ⡣
ӼĸȵĿôͽ⿪ˣ
ɽ˵Ǹ˹ɽһض˿ȴСƺίȫɽǰ󣺡ܲܽһѧ˹и磡
ĸ
ɽ˵иͲء㼸⣬𣿡
Ȼԣ
ԱλϷ˽ʲô
ĸ
ɽүүϷһҲ˵үүүү԰ɣ
ֻʣһλүүˣ֪ɽ˵˭ǵ˵ͷһã֪ɽʲô
ɽҲûԻ̫ãҵүүĵӣүүͽүүҽʲô磿
ɽϬһͨ壡
Ӽĸ
ɽЦЦҲôҵҶо䡮ĺ֮ڽֵܡ׿̸ֲǻֵܣҽ
ԭΧķǻСϲţЩ̹
ϾɭǺô˵ҲӼˣСӽˣ˵Ǹĺͬ
ʵȷʵҲɽͰӸҶͬ
ɽŵ仰Ĳ̹ȫɢֻǺǵСС֣ͯ޼ɡǾ˭˹˽үүأŽи壬ʲô
ԼҲǴӺʱģԺҪ÷ſɡ
ӼСǵļ룬Ժܿ
ĸϲɽĹ飬ϲӵľɣżֻǰʮ꣬Сˣ̸ۼޡ
ԣԼҺӸ˰ӵܵСɽһأѹͲܰѰȢؼҡ
ڸСɽĸûɽϥΨһкĻ£ĽĿ϶š
ˣӼĸһֱעţũӿʼһšˡʿ״Ԫ
й̺
ƾһ㣬λĸ˵ǹٷҲûжκӵͷ
˵ˣǼ˿ģ϶дϲҪ²⣬ʮа˾Żøйء
ԣҲһֱڴϲ¡
ֱŵСɽΨһкӣСС;˻飬֪Ÿ硣
Ӽĸ²⣬ոСɽ֮ɭ塯Ϊɭᱡˣڳѹûɭ⺢ӻڽƱ˵ԼԲḡ
ԼոҲֻ˵˾䡮񡯣ɭƤЦо赭дĽҹȥ
ԭӼĸΪСӲЩû뵽ɽ֪꣬һسӣܰڽҹôҲκβõӡ
ĺӣǼȷʵûŮ
˷㣬ʼϵ⣬û˿ϲѶ
Ӽĸ΢΢һ㶣ǳǳü룬ѵ´ˣֻΪ˵ӣ
ʱԺϲʥּ˵иʴҳߣСɡͷΪһˣҲͽҵ顣ҵĹŵ״Ԫ׫鼮컯գֻ䰲ȫʵԡ˸˷ݵˮͨСͽܾӹΰʥּ˵λ֮ͬһ
Ϻȵе࣬⣬ָдֶëдĺܲˣҲƾԼѩ۾㲻
һ Ҳһˡ
һ𣬲֪²ټϽž⣬˼˵Ļȫ˵һ֡©
лҪ˵ĺѶСߡ
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152 ⡤С
Сӣ, ССͳʮ־, ټϼ˾ʹЦ, üһɰ룬ϲˡ
Ϊ㣬̫ϲÿ꽫ٰСĽĵͬʱ, Ҳ˳Сɽ
Ȼ, 㲻ᣬĽĸ綨ȻҲӡ
һԵýԺǸӡ
ǰ̫æˣ˶硢Ľ, ƽʱϼˡ
żܳգҲԼż˳ȥ棬顢ᡢ̤ŷݣǲμᡣ
ȻΪ˼, ڶࡣ
ʱǴԼ˾һףף, ̫˳ķɺͺǡ
ʦֵܵĹϵ, Ҳ㡰Լˡ
ܹǲһ࣬ʶҲޣǲ£طࡣ˼ڼҲƵĻţǴһ֡
֮ǰƾٵʱ򣬽ʺϸӴ, ʵ۵Ĳɡ
ûйټϽѾڻʵǰ˵ԼҺĹϵһҲû⡣
ʵۿϽӣ鷿ӼȻʮ־ȣһϵĵӡϽʦǻʵеҲתΪˡȻˡ
ƺˡ벻ϣͳˡӦ
Ȼ˻ʵĹϵ͵ڹˡ桯ǿʦʦܵĹϵأ˶ҲӦ
ȲӰǰ;Ҳûʵ۲ɽϾͽʱҲ֪ʵ۵۰
ʴˣɽͳ˽ĳͣʱ򽫾ĳЩóԵģ̫˵Ҳ͹Щ
մһ˷£ճĪ糿Ͻ̫밲·ߵ˺Աߡ
ȥԱߵĹѾ밲үλҪ⡢˾⻹ɳ⣿
Ī׵׺Ьͣſڣ˼ϴСӴֵĹȥϲɫѩһһ֬˾⡣[עı԰ʳ]
˾ԭݵĸ㣬ֻΪ׸¬˾[ְ]ˣ˾ϲӶͣԲˡ˾⡯֡
ȻϲȻΪ˵ʣ˾ÿ壬е㡣
ֺóֺÿĸ㣬˲ϲ
ɽϲ⣬һŴֱͺǷۣúпĺܹζ
Ī˵˾ⶼװá
ܼңСȥ
ֱĪŸ·ߵǰŽյĴţûԺﴫɽ˵ŻȻԭӻؼˡ
񡭡һꡣ
ĪԼһи㣬Ѿʮ̾˿Ӫȥ
ѸͷԼӪϣѵһȥϵĸѾ˳Եֻʣһ顣
ĪҵܵܣĪӷϽվ˫ֱ󣬴ǻʳ
ʮΪڱӪֺݣȴޱȽ飬һǸĺӡ
˿̣ڨڨĵ磬ĸôֻ˸͸㣬һ԰ײ˷׷ˣҲųһ룬ʢ׷趼ˣ
˵ʵڵģĪǰҲôģϽκԴ
ֻĪˣ˹ְŲøһ
ĪСӻûⲻĸ͸λġ
۾գգͻȻ¶һԴЦݣѵǺĻƹ˵ͦ
廰û£ͱĪϣࣺݵú˵˻ƹ
ϽĵǸúúøҲ˵ˡ
ĪԼҵܵܣ˵ⲻǻƹ͵ģװףֻҪ˵
֪ӲѣЩܻ᲻Ը㣬ȴԶûڸʵ
룬Ȼô˵ˣǾͻĲǻƹ
һ˲ĻţϴؼҺԺʹ˵ԺĴûء
ʱ˵ʵϴϱҪǲϵĲ࣬ҵİӾͺܺãǼ֪֪ײ˵Ҳϲ
ǻ޹ģ游һӾҵѫΪƸȢӻ
ΪˣʱûȥҰˣΪԼӣ²ȥر߽ˡ
жҪٵĽҵֻаԴڿϣƴǰ̡
ã˵⺢ӺǺãҲǽ˵ģͲеࡣҿ£ŵǶԡ
Ȼѻת˺ƹϣ˵ʲôƹﻹ͹㡢Ǯ嶼ܽȥ¿ͷлˡ
˵Ļһ䶼û壬ֻ֪ڸѡϱȿϾǽճɹѡĹ̫̫࣬ǸʲôƹҲͦõġ
ǣƼҶ꣬˼һֻƽԸõϡ
仰̫ˣһˡ
˺Ц˵ƹǺãƷжһһĺãҽ
˵ǸϱֲдҪҽĸ
ǿ˵ϴϲҽϱء

⻰ĲǿЦ
ϾĪǸǳˣǰʮѭ浸أΨһ¾ǹĸĸǰ̹⡣ͬʱҲ˵ˡ
ĸĸ׷ģֵԲκ϶¹һӣԻþȫ
뵽˵¿һӵĴ£֮ǰҾ̽ڷ磬˵ϣԼҺͶϵĶɡ
˶٣ͰеĻ˵߻ȥ˵Ͳ겻࣬Ҫӻϲ𣿡
ûҿˣѾ֪ԼС˼ȫ͸ˣֻܺҵͷĻš
ûǸ˵ƹֻΪ˵ƹ͹ĺ͸Ů졣
ĻԺʣζĸҲ
ȥȴסˡ
˵ݸ㲻κ͵ģҲûܹκι͵Ķ£̫硣
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忴εĿԼ˵ܣ˵ҡϸһ£νϲΪãķġ
ΪԼ˼صĺ˭ֲˣû뵽һ۾ܿС˼
˵ˣʵ̫ΪʲôҪ˵仰˻ĶȴֺʤļءԣʵʱԼ֪ҪʲôֻΪ
ֻĪ˵ϲǴ͡ϣԺҵһϲġ
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153 ⡤С
κ߳ӵʱԴĻǡ绹ûӺζ
, , ӦںǴһ仰ɡ
ѵѵľԼĴ
˾, ̼ܵʱұӦԷӦԶҪǿĶࡣ
巢Լûͨ񾭴ĸøɶɶ֮ǰĶԻûзһ
Ī˵仰, ҲĬĬעŵܵܵ״̬, ȻԼеçײҲڡ
ϾǶСˣʮꡪŴԣ˼͵кѾ֪ĳĳͼ, ٹһ׼ͨ
ĪǣһֱȥֱˣԺ󲻱ҪĻˡ
ֻ, ܵܵķӦҲ̫ˡûʲôͬڲϻѵĸ𾢡
ⷴӦҪǷ, õĽ;ǴʵûôںǰеǸ, ֱ֪Ѷˡ
ĪӷóƶϣĪò׼Լҵܵĵ׵뷨ʲô
ʵĪӷ˵֪˿аѾжʱ䣬ԤϵѾ׼
, Ȼûէʱôš
ȴֲ񣻵˵Ҫոն˵ˣġ
ΪˣŴһƬհס
иŵ㼫ΪͻǾһֲܴ飬ȥ飬ŬţǼ⣬ԼʱԺԵǼ¡
ΪԼţǼ⡯鲻һ겻ˣǾͰһߣͷϵ˵
ǣϣǹѹϢĸо
ϴݶֻŵܱܵɵ£û뵽ţܵԸҲΪ˯ݶ
ϴ㲻Ŀԡ
ϴ󣺡
壺Σ
ϴĿ⣬ڰһ뿪
ʱſڣУΣ
ͻȻһЦһ򻬣ûҪֱӵڵϡ
޵øߣûлǱôκˤȥƻ˽һ졣
Īɿǰȥס֣һɾͰ
ϴüͷ壬׼˵ϷСģһͷȴ΢ۿϴʼĬ
屻ԭأһһȴûȵѵ𷣡
ŴڸոǸط׳ŵӣڴߡ
Σ˵⻹Σ
ϴ󣺡
˵㶼ңΡˣոʲô˵Σҵʲô
ĪȻû˵ĳЩ棬һ֮ǰѾ˲ʮ
ϲһˣĬĬϲͬʱųѣֹǳĹ棬ѡ
һڷ칫ϺһƬһǶûУסˡ
ýֱࡣ
˵ȻҵΣǲʲôУ
˵꣬Ҳȴش𣬾ԹԵ˵ţôûСӰ
ǰμСӣǸСץһ͸ȴΪλݸʱֻʣš
ǻʼ;⺢˿ɰ
֪װ׾СаӣǿޱС
Ŷġ
˵磬ʵҲǱСһǷ²İɣ
һСӣӸǣĸܵÿһţʣһš
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ĪüûϵҼʱ硣壬鲻󵽡
ȻϵǣȴһŶûҵҲ֪ûȥĻ
ֱĪΪ˯ˣ׼˰ͻӵʱ˵磬ֻǿǻңҹȥ塭
˵ʵڵģͻĲϲֺʱ򣬾Ŵĺ죬񾭴ڴС
ֻʱһǣһߡȴԶӵ뻳еһǡ
ԣ롢֪ǵζ
ڲŷ֣ڼĵһ̣ͰǿǸ˴硣
岻Ҳ֪ƽϲ飬ݺӣμǵ̸ֹԼԻӶûȤ˵ˡ
˽һ㶼˵Ӫʲôʲôһһţżɴ۾пһ¡
ƽ˽Ȼһʱ࣬һĪ֣ӵĿܻ᲻Ծ׷
һӶûôʵܸоҲԸµԭ
ȻʱûиǾĪϵʸ
ֿºͣʵ˲ǰĵĮ
˵ĪүߣǰĪүĻ
ҪΪǰ̫뵽Լӱ˵ˣĻûס
Īүָϱ
ȥŵ˵̫ˣдʦ˵ӳ׿ϲɢ԰Īү˸ۡ
ʱ̫£˺һŷӦۡ
Ȼ󽫾ɹ˺ü죬ԭ̫Ϊͷòٻүֱùȥ
ۣڽóԺúȵס˺Щ죬֪ĿΪǽүĪү
ԭ̫ϲ˽Ҳ˵ĿѸٵĽƧСӡ
Īү۰ͰԼҴſ˺ü죬Ű۸ȳ
Ƶʱͱç·ˡ
û۸ɣûɣҸ˵ǰŮװȥ´һʱ䣬ѶֶߡĪү˵˵ž֣ӴСͦסǣǰˣ֪ɣ˲ۣϻ°̺ۣǿǹõֶˣҵúúõļ顭
û˵꣬Īүʹѵһ档
ûӦƾ̽һԴ˴ҼãһЩרԵءƦå
Īүﻹ
ƶԳԸϳȥҡ
۹۱Ǳǹģǡ
ĳʻһƬҶĪүϡ
֮ʵټ˵ܶƫƧĴʵôຢӣܶ˼ҾΪкѴǰŮ͸ֱ˻
͵ʮЩȫˡǴҲԸѹ޹ȥֻܴܿ࣬ܶһӣеľ˴ջջˡ
²ټȴۡ
̫ϽͦģȻû˵飬ǶԴƵ̬ȣ˵һС
ĪүĲİɡ
ȻĪүϲˣⲢսۡȷʵѧٶ
ǣڶԼǹͶУΨûеӸǹ
ˣֵ֮ĸƽûʲôֻܿ͸̫˵Ҫȥ߹ĥ顣
ֵ̫Ŀָ˺ü£ʣĸʵʵ˵ǲΪþ磬ԱĴϲеģ
壺
̫ʵҪҵһкĸҲ˵㣬ǡ
壺
лҪ˵Ҳиqwq
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154 ⡤С
£ȥʱࡣ
Ȼ֪ʹµֻ, ǼܹҲû˰
ʹ֮, ̫ˡ׶֪ˡͷ̧ͷ, һһֹı飬ϲһ
Ȼλ˶û˼ֻǵľǸ, Ҫһ㡣
Լĵûע⵽, ˵˺󷴶𵽲õЧ
Ǻ͵кʱǽкȻڷ, ഺڵĻǺǿҵġ
⼸һؼҾܿλ˵ı飬ڡ
ԣһֱӸŻȥˡ
̫, ο׵ȥʶһ, ҲǺõġ
׻ڿޡ
˵ʱҲڳ, ̾˿ãǲģϴл
㣬ҡҲǲİΣֻǵȥ˱, Ҳϱˡ
ȴ˰ο̫˵ʲôǽӻʦϲҲô¡
ˣܸоֵֹġ
һ֡ӡһ˳
=
ǡãһ˻صǵʱ׼š
ҺϤһ۾ϳҵʮ־ȣΪӼ겻ġ֪ô찡
壺ͻȻڡǼϣò
庱ľԼҪҪͣкȻôԼƲס
û뵽ֱͣˣСɽƿ¶һЦݡ
С磡
巴ӦȴԷӦˣ¶һЦݣǰ˼Ӵڳ˰Сɽ
СɽɫڵֱӰѴ
ЦÿӣȴɽȴС
ЦӯӯİѴӼСϣҲƼ̣ɻʵС磬ҪԶУ
ӹͬʱε̾ϢӹȻǰӣĶװе˲ͬȻֱӲµ˽
˱ѩȻʺϵ顭
ĪӷװǰҪȥ˵ˡ
ԭڰСɽ仰ȫ˸ոĵ٩յߣ˵С磬ʲôʱܻ
Īӷ̲סЦˣһûҪһô˶٣Ҿȥһʱ䣬̫á
˵·ģҲھڣ̫ͣý
Īӷ忴ʱ䣬Ű˵˵Ȼھǣ۸ֱӱСүţʵڲþͰǼСϣСʰǣ
ɽڰ۸Ҹġ
壺ϥһ
ɽһС羡ܷġ
壺ˡ
ڰ֣ˡ
Ӻɽ¶˺ܲ񣺡Сһ·˳硣
߳һξ룬ǰ·𻹳ɽͰӵݣҲʮֲᡣ
룬˵ӺɽÿԼء˵ʲôҲˣԺܽɽǽԡ
ôţֱͦ˼תͷϣԼܿͬ龰
ɡֻʣһյǽɽͰѾˡ
ĪӷĬĨһ
ٻعͷͷֹܼߣһ
ٰ
š
ʳԶʰɣ

˴۵Сۡ

ҲǡûСϹ˵
ô˵ܼһǷ¶עҪȥˡҪڷڵĻһжͷؽ̫ϸװһжû
廹ǼҪȥĥԼǶ黺س˾ǣһ·ϡ
=
СԼԺ˵ȫģһʮ꣬ϲʵ֪ûз
Ȼʫｲô൥˼ֿõȸûﵽעǸû֮ǰӶԴȻ¶
˵ʵڵģĪĪӷĿʵڼҴĴڣûкܴͬ
Ҫ˵ﲻͬǾĪ͸ЩҲӳȡ
ټǽճ˲̫ѣеճϡʴˣĪЦԶԶȥ͸߲ʡ
Ƕˣձ˵Īһ壬ĺȻºһ㡣
ҲΪºĵӣ˰ӵ׵
ֻνġֻԭ棬ȥ¥Ȼƣ߷Ҫһҵʱͻ̬ǿӲľܾǡ
ĪȻûֵزͻСۡ
浽һʱҲһ֡˴СĴһжá
ΪˣӲŻʶضӹע
кȷʵǳǳˡ
֮СôûûεĳûκεӣǸҸԼϵӵĴڡ
ŰӺɽҲǷܣǸܺõ顣
һ˻ʱãڶһ磬㱻һʥּ빬
֮빬ÿŵԻؼҡ
ҺԴԽû¹Ȼ۳Ͷһ£֮ÿ컹ʥԲ
Ҫ֪ʱĻʵһ仰Ϳһ˵һ
ʥʱ˵㲻ǾãҲ˵ʲô˵ʲô˼
˵ʥʱ򣬻ʵڶ潲˱Ȼޡ
ò
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ʥֱǶ˫ش
ô˵й֮ټϻʵֿ鷿
ƽճ˲ˮܶȣҲӦࡣ
Ϊй֮鷿веĳԣԱź̫Ǿûôø
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صңӺɽ˯ˡ
ѾǶ˷˺Ҳһһ£Ľ棬ȺһͬԷ
Щ֣ô£ӺɽԺɡ
ĽЦ˵Ĵ˵罫СǻһȥԡԳԱƬݵأǴŰӺɽȥץӡҸովͺ˯ˡ
ĪǸ׵ĺӣֶҲʶȻģҲûʡ
ĽģǰЩӸ·۳Ͷ٣ɫЩá
⼸ֻϲŻϻĳţʱڶҪ·ҲûϢá
극ŷԺ˼ȦȨʳ󣬾ʹ衣
ԴĶ࣬顢ٺ»ʹͣЩھ̵ͶʣȻھ㲻ʲô󻧣ֻҪӻЩǮ㹻СɽȢϱˡ
ҲΪﲻȱǮͰүӽסլԺڵһͬȴСլԺ
Ժ󲻻ǣլԺײԼģ֮ǰԺ͵ԽҲ˵ùȥż˳ڴˣǵð
ȻүԶڸǣø˼׼ϼңҪѷ
¾ͰլԺˡ
ϹϵܣҲںլԺǲܰռʦԺӡ
һסģԼլԺԺӣҲÿȥʱɨ
Ķûκˣ̫Ͻ֪ܿ¡
ϽԼԴ˵˿
̫ûĳ˷һۣ֮ǰ˭˵ԺԼרŸʦģ񱻱סˣ
Ͻһ£ȫǾ仰Լ˵ġ
Ƕʱˣ̫ôǵã˵ҲֻһΰҾû˵仰
û˵仰ԵɣȻ˵ࡣ
̫Цһ̫ţ
Ͻɪɪʤϱ
ǡ
ӡ

ˡˡˣ
̫ͷӡ컬ࡣ
лҪ˵һ


155 ⡤С
ĽԡͰԴЩκ
֮ǰûһͬԡ, , ԡͰ, ˰ѵԱߣټ
˵ˣ·ʵʵ
ôһȣĽԼˡ
̩Ȼɫ, Ľ, ǶϷϷôˣԼԷʱ򣬻ǻ׾١
ȷʵûκ컵˼, ֻǵǷ΢΢ƫƵɫ
ӺɽãСӻָĿ죬صǶ⣬·;ȥСָֻˡ
ⶼؾ, ҷɵɫǵûкתݡ
, ֻϧǰճ극ĽľʹǷ˯, ҲֻڴϵʱİĦһ¡
Ľĵľͷõˣݸˮ裬ԼٰĦһѨλһɴٰĦ°˯һ
Ħͷ粿ֲѨλͰˮ, ˸ˬĲ˷ڴϡ
˱ӸɸϣԭΪǰһմͷ˯š
û뵽շɾǲգŷ·ˮӣĿ
ĵʮѷɵĽŷԼϣѹѨλ
˳ʵô
Ľҡҡͷ
ʧЦֱǴʡҲӡ֤Сʵֻǻû˯Ŷѡ
뵽˵۾һ˯ˡ
Ľ˫ִԼϣ˳ı۾
˻ΪҪ˯ˣСֿ˿ڣ
š
֮
ڡ

꣬Ϣ࣬һ¡
Ľ˵Һˡ
Цû֣öԵ㣬ֵźá
ĽĶѾʮϤϤϤ첲ȻǱ۾״̬§ĲӣȻĸ첲˳£ץס֡
ĽİַԼСϡ
ˣ
ί
ĽĹͤ⼸ˣⰡĽĵ˽⣬ôȥ֪ǲãľĽСһˡ
£ͷסĽĵ󣬸
硭
ϲϲ
ңѾһˡʱ䣬ǴӼǻϵġ
ԼγĽĵĸ첲ƽԼҲûڴߣǰŸ
Σͬһ
ϣԭΪԼᾪϲ˯ţŷɣǼϤϢܿ˯˹ȥ
ڶʱĽĲߵĶҲҪ
ѹ£˵˯
Ľ磬ʮѣ˵˯ˣһȥӰӺɽҲ쵽ˣҵðѺͳš
ò˵ĽһλʮְֳİûһζĳźӣȴҲѺչ˵㵽
˵ǳţϢһ
ĶԻÿ϶ᷢĽľвסֱ
Ľ˵ֵԣΪǵСɶϢһԹ԰ãɺã
Ľ΢۵Բ
Ŀϴǰӣ϶ɽڡǼҪٶһλˡ
ᣬǳǳȴĽӿȻ󲨡
һӶȥˣԭɽĽĻſһøɽһ𳤴໥Ӧ
ʱ˼ȫûһ˼ټϸбûŮô㣬Ҳһֱûϣôһֱ
񵽵׶ˣĽҲûпΪ׼̧ҩЩһûû뵽Ȼˣ
˵仰ĿôȰȰĽľȻ˳ٴ£ϤϤСʵ
űӣ׼ȷҵСɵĸ
ԣ壬ǵĺӡ
ĽĴǵЦôͣĵͷһŬġ
ͬʱ͵ǰҾ;е㷴θʲôԣ˾£ԲûúóԶ
ֻǻΪγδӦټ̫æˣҲûŷ
û뵽ȻΪӡ
ȵѺߣԼĽĵ󣬻ûʱĽ˯Ҳ˯ţڴҲֻһֱ顣
磬ȥش壬Ϊ˴٣ʱǾн
ǷĽĺǼ̶ûӺҲͷŵԽԽˡ
СӵϱĽĹϵãСϥֻһӣĽĽӡ
ӵϱĸĽĵӣ;Щˡ
һֱȰ㣬ٻһ
ģǰɩ˵һж̫ˡҾʣһˣûֵܰæ֮ǰһ˶۰룬ɽԺֵܣǾɲ١ᣬкԺҲܰɽͰӡ
ǵʱׯҺĿкһŹ
ҲΪ⣬һ£һҲЩõ֮ģȴֻһˡ
ⷬʱĽû˵ҪΪͨ
Ƿһӣǰ̬ȱȽ˵ӹ󾫲࡯Ļ
꣬ɽԽԽûټ˵ҪӡҲûҪźҩΪ׼
ĽĿҷ̬ȾһԵ
ѣĽĻˣǾԵֵˣ⺢Ӿǵġ
⺢ҲԵְɡ
ĽŻûСȫȻЦ⡣
=
ӺСɽ˽ǵСǻϣȻһȥԡ
Сһﾫͷ㣬ǰڴǵǰǲɽɽǺϹӣһȺСɽΣա
ʵֹô˵СĵҲԼҺӲɽ
ǵĵûô˵˷ִﺢ͵͵ɽˣǾתͷ͸⺢ӵĵȥٲһᡣ
˵졢ׯĵطҲôǲ֪أһߵȥǾͳˡ
ʴˣǲŶԺ꣬׼ɽһ㶼׼ȥ
ʵС˵ǶΣûһĸȥЩɽ򻢡º㡯ĳ
ڼҳǵڣĺȻô룬û˭ɽȥ档
ɽͰҲСӣǶԴ˵ȻҲںġ
Īǰ룬λҲͬˣȻʮּ
һ粻ǽУһԼ·
ɽ˼ڳȥϣֻСע⵽û֣Ϊβ緹
˵ʱ磬Ϣһ˰ͳԷ
ҧһڵϹϱվ¶̬ܶϢһҲǺõġ
ôһ˵СɽԷСˣͲᳳһ
µĺӣһҲ
ֻϧ۵Լҷɡ
ڻʹѾӽβһܾ͸øǽٹ¸ôչҵˡ
лҪ˵


156 ⡤С
һʱ䣬Сüץסһֻӡ
СɽģĸĪѧ˻, ȻԿ, ٽʱŵĵ, һֻСӶû򵽡
׵ȡ֡
ĪݼڵĴȥ԰ضӣץץֻ֡
СɽһŲģֿʼ, ԭ˳Ⱥ, һֻһֻĶܵ¸䲻ˡ
Ҳ֪ôţֻСɽصʱɵԱˡ
ɽ˳ܹȥ, ԼҸߺ磬ˣ
ĪȥֻС΢ɲü
ûע⵽, ֻŸпɽɣȻ⹭Ƚ, һֻҲǺܲˡ
ɽλĻ, ͦͦСظеС
Ҫ֪ĹǿɲˣǹϵٺãҲĿˡ
ɽһʱôŵһֻӣȷʵֵÿޡ
ԣ⼸λСӿҲʵ⡣
뵱ҵһ չ, 鲻׼ͷ˵Ҫǿҵ϶Ҫˡ
磬㶼ô˵ҵ꿪ʼѧЩ¿ǲᡭ
ĵѧԼĽ˭֪
һ·ܽΪһ仰ɽ
ֻĪ˵ʱüʱ̾̾
ֻϧĶ̫С˭û֡
ĿϸλӴȻԻﻹŵᣬҲûа׵ֱ˵ôԳá
ӽǰʰ
һڳֻʣĪﻹһֻӡ
ֻӿͰ͵Ķƺ䵽ˣһһھΡ
˵磬ɽӷɣˣҲ˶ãһʹ졣
ĪĬһ£˵ﹻҳԣֻȷɡ
𾪵ĲǽλӣӺСɽԴ˶𾪲ѡ

ѾһôϵѪܿͻʳöע⣬Ҫķˣ϶˶õġ
磬ǻǰ˰ɡ
ҲС
׶ԣһ仰ɽ˵ġ
Īɽٿλܵܡ
ĵܵ˵ǲ⼸ֻӳԡ
ͷֿСɽӷɽһҸӣװؼңȡ
ɽһ˵ĸ˵˰Ǹһʹɣ֮Ұȥ
ǰۼķĪ˷˵ԭ
ӽӵԼóһۡ
ֻûˡ
ôܣǸϡ
ǣҲˡ
Īûˡʵ
϶Ǳˡ£ûˣ
ɽԴԼҸĻûۣСȫȻãȻ
еûˡ
ƶϾǡûֻӡ
ɽãȻǼȻûˣΪʲôεأ
ε𣿡Ҳֻôһˡ
ɽ뵽𰸵ͬʱҲ뵽ˣһĹ򣬼ĹŶӼҪЦöڵϡ
ΣҲ̫С˰ɡ
ƽһ ɽ͸ô
СɽӸҹӣֻùСӣŴ˵ʱһģӿ̳һ
˺ˣӾǣЦһЦЦʱһΪҿ첲Ϳʼˡ
ҡҲ
Сɽǵı鶺ˣԼҵ⣺ҵûôס
Ϊû飬ˡ
Ǿ;Աǻҡ
ɽŲŸɡ
ֻѾؽˣԭҪȥӵ
һСɽװצӶ֡
˸ɽһĻֿʼһֵĴЦ
ɽӲǱεģϲװ
仰˵ֻ꣬аӺܸӵġšһЦȥÿ⡣
ֵֻСӻСɽĺǱǺúţǺˡ
һ£ɽĪ̬Ⱥ˲ֹһΡ
жԱȲ˺߰꣬ڲͣЦֻĪһʼŰڸǡûСʵҲûгЦӱӣܲȥ
ɽ˵磬á
ĪӦõġ
ɽʱһ£ûʶ䡮ӦõġΪʲôǻſΪʦŶԼ͸ôչˡ
ɽһֶ˵
Ͼ˾ȻͿ磡ϲ⡣
ϸ㣬ʵҲǽλӵʦƽʱôæҲֻǰȥݷõʱ򣬲ŻᱻϽһд֣߾ǸλСӽʷ
˵ҲʦˣɽôҲû
=
ʵ֮Ըһ鷿ʮ죬Ϊȥǰд¹롣
ˮͷҪҲǺܸߣֻҪûеΪֻṩ
ûзӣֻҲǧ
ʵ۶Դ˲һϲͨԼʮˣ͹˸õʱټ㹻˽⵽Ķܶࡣ
ʴˣĴȻϸˣʮǰհԵ˵ⶫˣǾǵĵƣԺ˭Ҳ壡
λʵ۵뷨ʾ壬ͬʱҲ˵ԼĶ̰壬Ȼ룬ҪԼĶܻܿúܾá
ܸŵֻҪȥޱù˶㡣ֻԼȥǡ
ôõƴǣԼȥ
ûбȳֻǾƾԼһ֮ɹԲŻش顣
ȴֻ֤ҪҪǾ˶Դ˲ţһӦоС
ΪԼеޱҡ
ͳڣҺγǿ
ǹٵ״Ԫ˱ߺ˵ܿʹʹǰŲʣ׽˲١
˵̬ȶʮһ£õ˾գûõô˵Ҳֻܱ֮⡣
ʵۼ̬ˣǸ߿֣˵ˣгһձؽΪ֮
λվڻʵǰ룬ʿ϶˵һδȥȡ֧֡
ʱʵ˵ǼᶨرɣΪλһҲҪɹ
ǣ˵ɶ
лҪ˵


157 ⡤С
ãҷĶĶ, ǶԼûһȷ֪
Ǹ»ϺӵԵ, ĽĶʮ, 񻹲֪ԱأͿʼʼС·ˡ
Ű̥ҩʱĽĴǻСѣĵЦš
Ӻɽ, ɽСʱ򻹴ӵ·ֻϧ;ϰ, ЩС·ˣֻ¸ˡ
˵Ķôоݡ
Ϣʱ, ϶ûˡ
ǳ䣬Ҳֻô̶һ仰Ļ̌˿ǰ, ٶ˵ͷԼйߡ
ЩҲ, ⱼ, ֹҪġ
Ľıļ˵Ƿ˯һ
Сɶô˵ˣýû£˳ڴϣһ˯
ƽʱû˯ϰ, ЩʱպۣԼϢʱҲ࣬㲻յĹˡ
һֱȷ·Ľĳ˯ȥʱûһ˿ҡ
߽ԺӣӺɽڴ򿪴鷿ǰ֡
ɽ۾һҪߺһֹж
߽ˣ˵㰢ϢС㡣
ɽϲ̵鲻һ֣չʾԼĬʫ
ͷȥԺֻӣŶʱû
һΣֻӻţһ㲻˵Ҫ𣿡
ɽдʣʵҲúȡ
ԺӴĽӵĹ¼ҲΪȤټɽϲǾͰӷԺˡ
ɽߺ󣬰ҲѽյĹγʸ飬Ľʱȥ߷񣬳ĺƯ
Ѿиϵõ˴Ƿ䣬˳Ŀڷˡ
˭˲֪ǻʵߵĺˣһҲȨǼλĻȴշмӡ
˾ȵǣû˵Լ˭£⼸λҲգշҲȫи
磬λ֮䣬ôҪ
Ͼʣµ⼸λ˭ǺദҪ˸ǰôǣ³Բù
ЩȻû˿ļ
Щ׼ֵʧǣλҲ˸͹Щ棬֮侺İӿԴ̬ȴʼһ
˵ʲô˵Ƕ
Щֲ´һ𾪵˵Ӧ˾Ϳʼʹϵûж壬ֻһλɺӡ
ټרһ⣬Щû˸Ҹ˵ףЩֻܰĿϡ
ɽ̫СԺΪ
Ѿʮ˰޵ĸʮͳˣĸҲ˵ˡ
һ⣬ȫϵˣ˵ӻС߶ꡣ
Щܾʱ򣬻е㷢£ǾʶôϾԼҶôã˵ҪȢΪޣʲôְûУôǣͺܹˡ
ȥµۼλ̬̫ϻʲضá
Щ˺ڵĳӶҪˣ֪֮ǰܵʱͲ÷źݻϾ˭ϵǰ׽Ļᶼûˣ˵ȥźݻˡ
ȻЩǺ󻰡
Ӽ깦ΣԼһлҪ˵ȴ֪ôڵӣЦʣʲô£
˵ѧҽ̰ܲܽ̽ӣ
Լҽǰӣ֮ǰ֮ȵ𣬻Ϊ̫ƫƧҶǳҽһ洫ҩҩ
Լӱͨ޸ģʹҩΪ֢򶼶Դ˾治ѡ
ҪǷŵǡ󵽾ǣǵ΢ĩҽҽͲˡ
Ҳ֮ûٿҽԭҽƣʱȻʩչ
ԼҽѧĲѧԵġӡ׺˿еġӡֱϲġ
ȻҲõѧͽܹķڷ
Ե˿ڣȻֱܾӾʹӦˡ
ûд嵽ΪŮӾ͸ڼ廨Ҳֻӡ
˵ˣԼˮ׼̰ŻǿԵģԺѧٸʦҲ١
ŵͷ迪ʼСӣϻսϲҩ
ĻпɣֻѵڶҪ̸ϵĲҩһһŵ룬Ҳڰѧһϰ
Ľ⼸Ҳûţȵ򵥵ĲҩգͰЩϷͷףӣڱ档
СҲûλģȻ˿ڣȻѧʮ档
ȵĸºʼСǰӽ̹޷Ǿͼ֣ҪҽԼжϲ˵Ҫϰ
ֻϧʱûֻܸ֤ԼѧĶ
ʱĽĵĶѾһȦҲתĺ񣬵ǲôԻ
ȸָƽö룬һ׳ˡ
֮ס⣬ȸɽ
ɽͻСܲһټӺˣɽżĴݡ
С˵λеǿ
ǰɽӵĻ͵ĵ˵ͷ
ֵСӸ
̧ȥ;òԾܲԾ
нӴ󶼲һǸôĲһӿ˼ڤ룬ȴ
΢΢ü˫ƵȫȻ˼
֮ǰ˵ףȫ˵ģȴô벻
̧ۿŰݣǻӣҲȷ
˵ˣˣ϶ŰȥΣϡ
Ӽ˼
һ˵ûѾӽ˵˲裬ȫûһ֮ļӡ
ĽüĶһЦȰ˼
ڲʱ򣬰ͻȻڡһվ죬ֱϣڰ͵شת
ڰĶϡ
лŶԼĻɣ˵ˣ
ɽҪһܻܵˣ
ĽĿȻЦŶ԰˵ˡ
ɽҲɴ۾עȫС仰ȥ
ӳĬһ£ɽĲ豭ţ룬˭š
ĽҲǹŻ£Ҫʱ̫æĽڵУĽĵٸߺǣҲʡǵġ
ʱһ˵עڱ˴ϣҲ¡
ʱ˵δЩԾ͸ӽķѧˣȻϳ
ʱɰߵܵ£ҲǸѡ
ҩҲҽһѵ㡣
һ㣬Ḷ̌˳Լ֮ǰõҩܳһ飬ҪҲи
Сѧϰֿ̿࣬Դʮ⡣
ֵһǣĪڵ֪ӿʼѧϰҽ󣬳ɽȥɽͷϲҩ
ΧнţҲûʲôΣա
ʱʲôԣͦǻǰעԽԽصķϣźԼȥˣˡ
лҪ˵ĸ


158 ⡤С
Ǹ²кڳ֮ǰ, ƾдʮ, ǿҪĽȡ
ҪǷ, ָŵԼҷʲô˵Ĺϵ
Է㹻Σ׼ȷ˵Ա˴˵໥ġΪ֪֮ĸ飬ŸдЩŹ
Ȼ, ܾͻֳˡ
յ֮ǰ, һдֵֽ׼Լҷһʺϵ֡
ǻҲ֪ŮǸȡ˺ü֣͵źӳ
뵽Ƶһô, յ󣬶е㻳
סǸʵǽƴӱ߽һһŵļĹ
˷ѶŸ밡
Ǹ뵽ԼϽʦֵܹϵһҲ, ֮ǰ˴ӱ߽ʮ˷ŵ˵ˡ
˵Ϊ˱һ, ЩһҪÿ춨ʱ

Ǹ˵˵, ҲΪԺҸ
ڰ֣߰ɡоԼܵ˴̼
ɽֲһǰӵĵܵܡҪ֪ӵǲ㱻ƺΪӵġ
Ľӵľ飬쵽ٲڣڷǽߡ
Ƶֱӷ, ڲ𿪶òһŷɣһֻֻԺһߡ
ĽĻϲ֪ϼ¼Ӱӵæ飬Ϊٲȫڼ
γأ
ʵĹ鿪ģĽĻȰʥϵΪȣӵľ飬ѣܼѵġ
ȴô룬ӵʱŸմԽԸƾԼ꾭飬ڷʹʱ˼˼ԭĴڴ
϶ʱԺ̣Ѳ
ҪɽɣϳȻĽǳһ⣬²ԭԼ
лȨڼдʽȻϧʹԼȨ
һӲϵŬƴΪʵʱ㣬ʸ
ڹͻ˶ΪλںֻҪƴչҵʱʮԵĸһµļ١
֮ǰѾ¸ˣֻʣһ鹤ڳλʤΡ
ãҲԵЩ첻ⶼڼ
֮ǰЯڱٲȻѾƽĴڡ
ңơ
ʴˣ鲻дҪߣֻѺõѯʣؼҪæ𣿡
ĵͷҲŴңٲڣҲġ
缸¾׼ˡ
ֱԶˣ˻ԭأΪ𾪡
ֻ֪ɣ檣ȴû뵽طɵ˵ز
ڳλȽϸߵĹԱ֪ɵݡ
ҪǷǻǱ˵飬ѾǰλƽҲûʲôɻˡ
һλֻǸﳼ֮ӣǰ;
һ˽ӻΪΪǰ̣ݷȢ
ǰϾﳼ֮ӣٶӰ;
ֻҪˣݷȢ
Ͼλ£ݷȢ㿷ȢڰĿеӡ󶼲һ
ܶԼԿʲˣʵǹ￴״
ȴ˵ԤϣֱӴǹ٣̹ĸˣ;
˭Ԥϵ̶̼ʱ䣬ΪǰλƽĨ갸ϸڣĹŵжһ
鲻κۣǰ鵽ʲô߱˵򣬹ȥѾȥˡ
ʣµ˻úúõģŲڵЩ˵ĸ
λһһţԵ귢겻ѡ
óĽۻǣĽļ˸ˡ
ûȵһαΣǰλ綼Ϊƪ˵ʷǣû˻ȥһССİ顣
˵λɵĽ㡣
ɲǣһ˵ΪϵҪȢλҪ˼ҹﲻɿڣЩ˻Ĵ̧ؼҡ
ǲֶΡ
Ҹо˵һӴֱɵĴʡ
ҲǡûСϹ˵ǲˡ
Ŷ
˵ĽĵĽ㣬Щ鸮ʱΪŮװСҸĳ
֪ԼиܵܣԱǸܵƽոסСԺٳţӴࡣ
ôȥˣԼǳøŴһĵֻܵʣǳǳһӡ
ǾǵżλܵܶſڣһǺ«۾ܴ󣬷·ʢ¹⡣
ǰģ
ãҡǡ
ôһ
˵ᣬ֣ܴȥǺ«ҳԡ
ǻֻܹܵܺɣϧԱҪǸŮǾͿָܶӼֹע
ǿϧˡ
ССĽļǻϲŵʽ㣺㣬𣿡
氡ˣСģԺлᣬҴԺ㰢ȥġ
ǸɰС㣬˵Ҫȥˡ
ʵ鸮ܶ鶼Լƿصġ̫ǿԴ̬Һõ㣬Ůͷ·ڿһĹߡ
Ľ¶СǾһ˿Ŀⶼʩᡣ
ǻãǸ۵С԰ĳ󣬿Զаȥ
ҪһĶǵ飬ֺγһҸء
ҵ䣬Ժ˺һϵԹ˲ϾҲûлȥ顣
ֻһ˵ܵܺһѧĻ쵰ɡ
Ѿ벻ʱʲôˣһҡԼֻǵ˼Ůµظɻһƿɡ
٣ǻ󣬾ԼһȺֵܽкû
ֱʮٴοĽġ
ĽĲûŻһʵǲ¸ڸǲסġֻڸĸȥμӴٹ˵ʱżһЩŵĹŮϿ
ȻĽϵȱЩŹŮҲһ㶼ѷɫ
⻹ĽĴͨµǰ¡
ʢװУǸõжƯ
ǻ˵ʶǼٵġԼϷѾĳ·װԼǵǸ鸮С㣬ȴڴŴֲ·ĵܵǰ˲ֹһͷ
ܰȻȹô꣬ʮʶʱġ
֪˭ģȻޱϧ
Ľĸ鲢ûж񣬵ޣǸżϵСϧϧȴûһѡ
ĽİӣѾ御
̰ᣬҪࡣƽƽͺܺá㹻ˣǲϵܵܺȵġ
ҲΪˣʮط꣬˵Ļ֮ǰࡣ
ĽĻڼ䣬ҲʱʱȻӷﲻæҲܸĽĶ˵仰ơ
ĽżţʱûĽ飬Բջ
ߺŰСƵڸǰɽװԼλѧͽ׼ץҩĽЦȥˡ
ЦݻûʱʹĽĿǴŹѥˣˡ
΢䣬ڳҫ£۵һ
лҪ˵
һ¹Ŵ飬ִԼֻۣСôôա
΢630һ£䡿


159 ִ
ŶӵοͣǴ˴δʷݵĵ, , е, ҽСС
Ŷӵοһѧʦ˴˺ӣżЩ֣ʲ
ǼΪ, ЦʣСﻹڶѧɣôʷݵˣ
˵, ⻹治Сᡣ
ҪᡢĸݵСмΣ
ƵýٷչõС, ȥˡ
СѹñܣЦţҲû, 㹤
ôһ˵ŶʦǶЦЦ
ʡʷݿɲý, Сʲ, ͸ɡ
ǹ޽ĲˣҲǱռĲˡ˵ֽġ
Ұ˵ﻹױдռء
Сſڵһ˼䣬, ʹһȺߡ
λʦ˺ߣǲĵһչΪƾٹݡλߣһ;ҹƾٷչʷһһϸ
Сڳܿס˵ע
ﲻʷϵʦԭЩʦǴŵνԼתơ
ϾǾѧʷģΪʷݣǰԼ鱾ѧֻ쵽ʵء
˵ˣЩʷѧʦΪνܵĶһ˵ȽǳԣҲܵĺȫ档ֻҪһЩȤС£οܼסһ㣬㹻ˡ
һȫûСϣݻЩϾʷݵĵζͳһѵĽʶһµġ
ڳһȺ˾Ǿе㲻һ
Щ̫̫룬ΪСﳤúÿɡ
ڳֻʷѧʦע⵽Сȷʵνһ㲻һΪÿһεʵʱ򣬶ϳ
ôһ·ȺʷѧС岻ѡ
ϧ֮ģʵո˵Ƕεʣڡѧвͬ⡭
Ȼ꣬俼ˡΪһοƾٿԵԭ⣬ѧУʿԾôûĴ
СЦЦԴʦʵǡÿͶȡˣǰһ״ԪôдȻһҲİֱӾôԼ⣬ֱȷ𰸻Ҫ׼
ԭ棬ʱ׼ӵʷѧʦСش۾ˡ
Сһչݺ׷ʣСո˵ԼڶʲôרҵҵֱĿƵֱ꣬ѧúòʿҵ֤оѧ˶һ
һʦ˵ǰǰǴѧʷϵȫһģҵ𣿡
СǫѷЦţұҵŬġ
ȵ꣬׼ɢʱǰι۵ʦǻδ
С֪ʶܷḻֻ˵νĶϸڣϵ㡣
Сҡҡͷ˵ܱǸʵϰڵһ죬ٹգͲˡ
Ǽֱ̫ϧˡ
һȺʦǻȥʱѧУĴͣǱӿӻȥġ
һλʷѧʦӣϾҲѧУѧǹ¯ԣܹרҵ
רҵȽƫȴѧУרҵҪܸߡ
Ϊڱж飬ϾĿ˼գ˾Ϳĳ
վΪڼϷүүؼҳԷ
ڣأϾѳͣ£Լڳﴵ
ȵүүһȺʦǱʱϾžǸĪ졣
ֹˣѧУͬһΣ
εѧУķû꼶ǰʮֳƯ󻹾ܾ˱ͣԼ˸Ŀ״Ԫ꼶ÿ˶֪Ρ
ϾҪȥкβ죬һࡣȻ֮ǰһ߶εʱ򵱹ͬѧʱ̫ˣȷǷ񻹼ǵ
û뵽βߣ˹ңң˵ͷǴк
ϾүүţʳԼɻ󣬾үүʹļ׵СȻûӦֱ
Ͼ˼Ҳѧʷġ
˵ͱүүˣ˵ѧʷģܶʷһڼ˵װѧʷģǾûѧʷˡ
ϾȻܻѧǽڡ
Ͼûü˵Ϳүүֻϡžžžĵ㰡㣬˻ˡĻ
үү˵˼Сѧʷģ˫ѧλ
ϾԲֻ֪θ߿רҵûϵȷʵ֪˼һѧ˸˫ѧλ
Ͼ˳ӣүүҪһ˼΢ţԼŮʵҲûʲôġ
뷨ʱá
Ȥǣôȥʷݵ˵Ρ
Ͼʳүү˵˼ʵϰ
˵뵽ԼӣҲ㣬ˣһٻڼϷ
ϾоԼһڴڹסˡ
ԩ֮ǰʵϰôãò׵˿вŻؼ̱죬ͱүү
Ͼû˵үүϻӴˣͼ˵С⽲ļֱ̫λˣŶͰôܶô顭
ʮꡣ
Ͼүүո
Ͼ˵Ի·ͬһϡ
ĺܶණҶֻһģӡǹ棬С˵ͷͷǵһǼֶˡˣҲؼҳԷҷŵѧУҪȥͼݲϡ
Ͼүү÷ˡ
аɣϽȥ극ȥͼݡ
=
ߣٴν벩ݣӹſڣֱˢͺĤͽʷݿܵĹ±䡣
汣ĴĽĺǼӵּǡ
ոϽʵһҲֻ̫˵˳ָʲôûס
һϡԭıܳɶȣûʸԴʷϵγ̺󣬸׾͸Ȩϡ
ȻıʼǼΪ꾡治гиһ⣬д롣
ο壬ȻǰͿöˣÿһο̲ס̾
ֱּӡˢ嶼ҪϾӡˢӡˢÿһīˮŨʹЩֽžʱĴĥȻ𺳡
ҫ
ҵ游Щǵд֣ǧһ֣
ֻϧҹɭϣܶҫֻԼ͡
֯һᣬʱЩָɨ汾ȫҲ漣չ¡
Щ¼ΪоġǼںչĲͳϡ
ҲԸѭԸЩָȫ˸ʷѧо֮⣬ÿ궼ᶨչ¡
Ͻյηָɨһ˲䣬ϳ֡
Ҫ֪дġݸ塯˿ƾٿԵȷ棬ԶԶֹݸ壬顢鶼дøá
鷨ϵȻƳ硣
ϽڽԼɻ֮࣬ʼ˼СôӴָģ
Ͼɨʱǽ졢ոգ
лҪ˵


160 ִ
ϽڰϾӻȥʱ򣬻κ, 뵽˵С˵Ҫȥ桭
µײļ
ΪھǸֻ, ټʷѧ, Դ˽ûࡣ
ϵŵСĻԺ˲һ˲õĲ룡
Сʼҽܵʱ˵աš
žһϵֻڵ, ĳ𺳻𺳡
˻, Ͼүүп˼ҰѺӽģð
Ҫһ㣬Ҫ, Ǹʱչҵѧˣһѧҡ
ԭĺҲʮ㡣ȥкӲ˵ĸҲ徭, ʫԣΧҽ, ǿõóֵļܡ
˵ʷﻹһдĲҩȫء
ϻȥ, ԼҴɳֻϷҡͷ̾˿תԼˡ
Ͼһڿʮã
=
λصͬǡҲصңСһ𳤴, ϵõĲС
ֻϧ岻ãһдʱ䶼ڵ
˵Ǹ磬ʵԱǸ
ˡŮˡԱѾƽȵĴϡ
˵ĳЩ˻ڽ˲ϴںܶǱʶҲȻǸȨᣬô˵ѾԱûиߵ͹֣֮ƽȡ
磬ôõ𣿡
ϲǸոƵ仰˲ֹһ顣
ζţԼҸںӣһССɰ룬˵ⲻǹ
ηŸɳϣɳȽϵͣ˸ȳ棬һţһֱ
һԼҸô̫˵ĸо
ɳŷոպã
ţ׻Ϊ̫ˡ
ƫϸβ΢΢˵ƣ˫۾͸˲ٷ֡
ָҲʮ޳Ӳ輸һŰǣ˹İš
ξֱƯ֡
ǰú󣬰Σ˺Ż㱽е˵Ҫʡ
Ƥһ̧ɨȥŮӼҼңʲôʡ
оԼڸʢ޷԰Ρ
ϢһСǻ϶ˡ
˼棬СҲһۣ˵˵ԼĴ㣬ҲŲıһ¡
ӣˣɱôţӵġ
Ǹ˵һʾû
Ҳգս˵˵ĵġԵξҽݿˣ㵽ûи˼һŰ
һ±ƣԵξҽʲôֵյӾ磿
ˣСߺ˵ӰֽСʢǡҵĪΪԭͱдġ
ɲǡԵξҽô
ΪһϽʷѧоѧԴ˻ǱʾʮֵĲ졣
ξҽͲںòãǼֻǻҽҲǸоȴѹûеҽ
ϾǼıʼǱ棬Ժֱ紫Ŷġ
С˵ѽν㣬ôҾ뿴һεεСҽ
֪˵Ƣԣ⻰Ƥû̧һĸΰӶ
εСߣΪʲôҸӣְҽν㣬ֱ˱ˡ
ǳʮ꣬ڻûһ
˶ԴѾֲ֡
˵ʵڵģȷʵСгÿһλˡСиָġˡҪĹ档
ҪҸĸţָͳΪһСͯˡ
ڷɻϻǱݿˡ
ݸϵʽԴѵÿеɫ
ҲҪʱĶһǸƯĹɵĸ˾ʺϳɫ
С߲γĥǣӣݲݣ׼
䵭һ̧Ƥ
СĥһͬСʱǰβֻʹɱﵡ
㲻ݵĻ˵ɫҪǸ紲ˡ
⻰һ˶һߵҴ硣
ҵĴǶ꣬ȻҲûдܶ࣬һֱľչԼĵܵǡ
Ȼҵĵ趼һͬǶ裬˵ֵֻܵĹϵǶֵܿ
ҲΪˣСǲޱ׺񣬶춷Ҳڡ
С߰ԼֻݹȥһۣĻϵˡ׼ȷ˵Ǹ൹ǲһ뵽ȻĴͲһ
ǵĶҲ˵ˣȵǼҵĸѧҵ˾ֱӽ顣
ҵСѾ϶ĴɩٿˣȻѡάʹɩ
Ҵ˵Ǿ͵ˡ
ˣҲ׬ǮԼ
üӣҪ¡Ǹ˲ʲôͱӳȥˡ
ǴҲǱڵҺζȽУûϴŵһɲϤˮζֱӾ˰СŪȥ
˵磬㱣ô꣬ҲΪʹɩһˡǼҲȨѹˣҲСңڰøһѵ
ǲǿư֪ǲΪҵԵʣݾʺ籾Ҫǳϡ
ҲûֱӸǩͬϾǳ˵ȣȨ죬ǻøҴк˵
ȵҵĳǿݱʱ򣬾ȹҲСȥˡ
Ǻܷģ㾡ľǡ
ݳ˼ǣеͷ
Һڤڤеֻ֮⡣
ʮѾΪӰ۵ǽܲɷãĴŮʢʱ˵ҽȦݵĵһɫҲҸдһɫԴԽʱ䡢ռ䣬˵ףԸһֱҸҡ
лҪ˵߸
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