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С糡1
׺󣬺ÿʱããľУܻỤһɫﲻǱˣүȢŵ˴۽ǣսǰһ
үľܻ᳹ҹѩڶգηĺսʤ
ʿǶүǡ
С糡2
ĳգʥϴ÷ӣģܼ֪үϲ콫÷͵ǰ
һţүֱ˹ߣ÷ӣ
ιң

˽Ծﱩү˵ˣ

ݱǩ Խʱ  ֮

ؼ֣ǣң  ǣղ  

һ仰飺үⶾү

⣺໥֣ɾ


1.  ε   ʱ

ɱĺϻС޺
/̾
Ԫʮһ꣬꼴٣

꾩У˺ڵգͷβΪѡʳԼϡİգϹһͮͮĵڵƻӳ£һƬԻ͡

һԻУϸȴһƬ͡

ˮỹδ̿һһĶ˽ҩιһһ룬ƾжůͣҩжϵĹûһ˿һļ󣬼˴ǰŵĴ

һҪ
Ͼ˫С˫ͨ죬۽ǹҡҡ׹飬˫ǵǣְ޷ȴ΢ңֲĦСֻ֣

ϵСɫѩףһֻ˻Ե죬
ķϺȻֻѻһ

ݸԼ޾ĻУ޷۾ֻƾоԼƺһƬУΧܰûз磬ûκζȴйεڿ壬岻ϵķת˷˿Ħϵ

Ѿڹֵĵ£촦ͷ

Īظǰıؾ֮·ţŬҪ۾ȴʼͽͣƤǱסһĿơ

ͻȻһİĴʹ͵ĶԴԴ/˸㣬ܲס˹ȥ

ʧȥʶǰƺĶ߻ݸݸ

˭˭ڻƤ΢ĸĸ뿪

ڶգʱһ̣ѾĶµҩ̤Ժ̧۱Ƽ˷ֻѻѻվţ֪˶ãкԭأѻ֣ʲôԶ
ѻͣ˻ȥ

Ķҩֲ˲ѹо̣ƽĽҩ˽ȥ²ȴǷһ㣬·ʲôȽų̿졣

ѻһ£κƫҪ

ĸմϾӹ˵ҩ룬ͻȻһУ
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סŵľһϮֻŵԼݣתȥͷʣֹ

ĪҪҼҹˣ˵̧ͷǺѻֻȥ

µɤӣһ޹ģֻһʱȣ˵ҹҲţаһ˿ֻ⡣

зŭȴ޷Ȼۿ

Ͼʱڿ˳رµ

ɫһӽӲ

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Ͼ浵ʣ

ǣ˳ǣŵ޹˸ɾè㣬һҶ

⻰䣬Ͼ浱ĿͽȻ
ˣýʲô

ȥɣ

Ͼʮʱү㽫ϵȨʽУ֮ãϾᣬȴظ´Ľ磬ͨԽϣ

һ壬֨ƲƲ죬Ѿת뿪

ſ˸ҽŲ΢٣ݣ
õɺЩˣ

ҩ䣬
಻ԣһᾡȫΣģ

ԣлһ˲Ŀ⣬ȴװһĵģ
ˣģ

æӦ£ŲҴԺȥ

Ͼ浴ȥͷϵĺѻĬƬ̣ʱҽ˽֪ôϾƤ˲Ǻѻæȥٽõ˵һ顣

Ļɫܳأ˲ʾĽ˿ϣ̧ɫ΢䣬

µ΢żвȴν֮˵󡣣1

Ͼ浼ɫԣƤһξָŬסӣδüѯʣջ֣ǰ
ʱ࣬ܣڰ

⻰Ͼǰһڣסأĸһڵϳס䣬ﺬ
ٿҼҹҩôˣϸǲǿˣ

˵űҪȥϵ˵ȥȴȻϾѹסļˣΪϾĻҪֹҲҪ˦֡
һ˲Ͼ浵Ļȴ΢㣬

Ͼ浽ѣ󣬺ȻͷϵֻѻһͷͻȻԺð
Ȼѻȥ㽫Ǻѻ׽ӳȥ

ģȥ˽ĺѻ׽ȥɱˣϾ浳ԸģүҪõȴƫƫҪүһ

˭˵ѻܶƫҪ

֮ǰǺѻϽ뿪ֽ׽ӳȥϾǺѻʱֹܶģҲˣˣҲûɹǵˣ˼ˣæվŲٵȥͷѰȥˡ

ܿС˻˺̧˰ӹ
ӣһСֽý˳˷׼ʱе˳ȥصһ˲ѻų˹ȥȻŷƵǰߣ

·𲢲ǷǵС˶ͻͻ
һβɣһΣֻ벻ǣСȴʧ֣δܳɹѻ׽ڶһĪչ֮ʣߺȻһƿն

ϵĺѻӦأСһ㶣ͷȥ
Ժһλ꣬ݣűڹ͸ŹưͷŪĹңеĵģ

겻ǱˣǸϵĴӣ
һߵı˾סæǰȴɻ󣬴Ӵ˿̲ӦԺĳ

ȴֱ˼ˣһڣ˳ִǸźѻļ

Ͼƫͷ˹ڼſڵӰʱɵһĨ⣬

꽫ɫ۵ף

Ҫ׽ѻ

һֿ佱ɫνֱ룬Ͼ浻δ˵Ѵʧɫָָֻѻ˵

Ͼ浼Ҫ˵һĴϺȻһ΢ĵ

ԭϢСȻ˫ۣ

֮ǰιȥʱǲĸѰˣһλָʶʱȲۣҪȷǲĸڻ
ȴû뵽۵һ˲䣬ǰһİ

ʵɫӲõɫͷƿյĴܸδģ˵Ϣǳǳҩζĵζ

䣬ߺȻңתת飬ƫͷԣ

һλ°ɫȹŮɫﺰ֣ɫϲͫˮ

Ҳʶ죬Ҫѯ˭ԼںδȴôҲ




2.  ٻ˯   ˮ

ϸը˹ԭɵɵ˵ڱҽΪ֮˺󣬾ȻͻȻתѣ˴۽ǣ󣬻˵ˣ
Ǻ󻰣һصʱ
ҺܣԴǱˮһҪϢˣ
ƴȫʳԼĻ
˭

ϢĸоһһϮҴ˿ȫƾһ־ǿţֻԼٴγ˯Ƿٴ
Ͼһ㶣侪ȣСʹ࣬û˼ֻ˳
Ǵ㰡Ժ
㣿Ժ
д󾪣֪Уδܳסٴ˹ȥ
Ͼ浻ˣĺ

ŵĺͷü۴ϵˣͷֽҽ˹
Ͽ쿴ô£
ǣ˿Щδعȫƾ˰
Ͼæλ˳
𾪵ǣᾹȫͬʤѻָԼ⡣
ɫãջֺæϾ浻
Īǣлת仹ЩָЩʱձȬ
ԣϾϲ
̫ˣ̫ˣ
ٴιȥһ׹޾УǰһβͬȻۣԺȴһЩ棬
һƫƧıԺҹһСȻ˯
Ȼſ֨һ죬һĵ߽СĴߣ̧ѹѹӣȰȻ˯գ
ɫҿӲĵ̣۽Ȼ飬
ΪʲôҪޣУϵĵ̺죬˭ʲôϵ
һ˼ǰĻʧˣ֮ģǵļ俪ʼԴӿЩ飬ǰƬ
ȷǱ˵ļ䣬ˣϸе
ΪļӿԼԺȴö֪
ֻ˯ȥ󣬸ϵǻ˲٣Ⲣ˪Է
˵ֻ˯Ѷ϶޴󰭺Ʋѣ
ɵҲ֪ʲôˣ죬ˮôգѻͣԺӵķϣбѾƶɵѲˣ
˭֪ɵɵ󣬾ܰȻ£ѲһѻԵʣ
˵Ļ˻ţ
ü˼벻ͨˡΪκȻֻ˹
Ҳɵ˻ɵӣǳģԺٶЩ˼ɵӰˡ
аţӵĹӣѾ½׼ȥֵĻ£
£ȥ֪ͨ׼»
ѾæͷҴȥͷţ
ûʲôȺãΨһȺñǰ磬ÿ±Ҫ꾩֬ӵȣ飬ÿ¶ԼΣ
춼ǻ֦չģ
ƲѣҪȥЩΣ
ϴ˵ཻһ䣬
ʱѽƻ裬ϾãЩۣǿдȥЪϢδҴߵģ
ʶʱδۣȻΧĲ֣ĵҲµԼںδ
ˣȴϸ
ŻԵʱļһӿԺ
ҲһԵɣŻιȥ
˵вɵһ̾꾩У˭˲֪ϸòɣǣκȴɵǷǣ˭̾һϧ
ڿļҶһ˿ۣ
Ŀĸױǿ裬ܴ̼ǿнԼֱߣׯϹŹ¶ȴֲӣ
ŻڸԼʱװ˯ŵģֻø׶ҲΪʲôһԺһʱ㿴һĻĵļ䣬
ҾֵǣϹܲᣬΪʲôһҪ͵ƫԶׯأѵʲôԣĸ׵ˣ˭
ǴΣļ䣬ˮҲ⣬
ҲүΪʲôﱻݺˮ󣬰
ȻˣҪǺˮ׵õӦеĳͷ
뵽⣬˫ۣȴ־ͽͣɵ̾ϢĺϺɬܣΣֻÿ򴲱ߺŵˣ
ֻԺѰãȴļУûᵽѾ߻ʲôֻ֣֪Ѿߡ
һָͷĴ˴Էա
İ˼ޣЩƣۣԼ˵ѾûʲôˣЩһЩ⣬Ժ䣬оԼʲô͵ؾѹ
һۣ˫һͫУȴһƬõģ
ϲӿͷļ޴룬
ˣɻﲻ
ūȥ
˵űҪܣһšԭء
ûȷʾԼһѣɤɳơ
ȴ㶵ûзӦ˵Ͱ͵ģ
㡭˵ˣ
ҺΣֻٴظţ˵ˣȷٸҵˮ
áİסϲ𾪣˸ٻȥˮι¡
ˮҷžЩϵҲûָࡣ
ϣԸ
ȥ˳㽫ˮգȥ԰˴ԺرǷɫϺڵСѾߡ
˵⻰ҼٵĴ˼ӺΡ
Ǻܵǣָ̧˸ҵĺ󱳡
ĪūȥѰˣܲܵģҲһʱ̡
ģĲ̫ģСѾȥѰϾ浣
Ͼúܿ죬ҾԼǸմСһĹſڱ㴫˶
ʶתͷȥſڵŮӺ٣ĿɨͫĹȻ࣬ű㼸˴ߣʣ
˾ͺã˾ͺã˵̧ȥ۽ǵ㣬
䶥Ƥңﵽǻˣԣİ˵ЩʲôĻʵЩΪֻתǰ˵ע
㣬ˮ⡣
䣬Ͼ浺ݺһǾòš
ĬĬɸļУ˵
˹ĳֻǵ˷ɫڣһ֧ɫ
˵УܶαΪ飬ļ˲̲סʵ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôҪңǲǱָʹҺú£
ŴĿ־壬Ͼ浵ģǱߥסһ㣬Щ
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ǽĴûб˺ˣһŹ
ˮһҰɵĸ
ֻϧĸȻΣһҪҵռԩˣΪռƽ
Ӳֻ̤ţ֪ԺһСѾߣϾ浴ʮؽ˲񷿣
ȴö֪




3.  ε   ﾹʧһİ

Ͼ浰˪ԷѰˡ
Ѿߵϸã«ͦҲ飬ƽóϲӸ̺ôƤڣϲһ֧ɫ־÷ǰźᰭ˹ǵۣ㲦˺ͷɨĴֻ
¸Լ뷿޾ʱ⽫˴ȥæᶫ飬˳Ȼ˪Էǰź
ԼˮϾ浹ܼô꣬լЩֶΣ䲻޹ʹãᣬǰǺܿˣ
һ«ʮָ׶̣֮«ɿڣԼΪҪϵ壬ʧֽ˳ֻ֮뿪
Ͼû뵽Ϊһ彫ʩȼʱĻԸ
«ȥʮȻص񷿣߹ܼңظҡ
ˣҲ֪ˮ⣬񿴴﷢˴Ļ׽ҹ¡
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ظȥһ˽ãܼǰ
мֺɣȴѾ˼Цһ죬
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ܼҲ˵һ·ϣҲ˼ϢԺ«ʮ󣬹ؽ˲񷿡
ʵ벻ͨȻԺѾ
ãϾʮܼҺ޵ԺӣԺӵа벼֣ȴࡣ
ϲı̤ãÿζúѹ֣䲻
ʱϾ浲ڣֻߵĴѾڣȲ裬ȴûϾ浺ʱ
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ԣͷЩʲô⴫˽ŲһʶȦվ
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Ͼ浽ʵֻ̽һԴµķӦȴû뵽ʧ
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¶ֶĿգֻʵ̫ˣÿʱ䶼˯ȴǾӺΪӣֻýҩˮһȣһܶԱЩŲÿһЩ
ȴ֮Ե̫ҲУ˳գֳɹĽԼԵ˸գ˹ȥ
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ϾȴŵЩҪһιȥڸҽ֪ճԴ󲹵Ķ̫ˣӵӱܲˣŷգ
ҪҲɲ֮ˣÿսʳҪжȣĪҪԵ̫࣬࿪ҩҲɶʳһαҲӡ
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ȵҩȥҩǰ
Ҫˮʪöͷҩȶ˵ÿЩ
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Χתʱ˯еңȴļнյһ𾪲ѵļ䣬
ĳҹΪһ˶ʧ˶Է
ҸȵǣյйļУֻһμУеľԾģǾˣ˵ʲôʽ
̣μжҵĴУһһεĸμ䣬

һʶ졣
һİһƬɫӢӣ½ǵľעͨ죬ɢһɺܺζȻһ˲ʶһ㣬ݿ̽
Ȼǰӵһ˲׽סһϽ˻δعʱ˱ͷ̵ͨ괫˹
ʱŷ֣ƺǱҩ
飬˳Ȼģûһ㷴ԹԵӽҩԡ
䵽Ȼֹ֮飬޴ӵ֪
ɵЩѾҵ֪ԭУһܡ
һϾ浺һֱң;ҵĶͷȻ̵þˣһæңӻһһΣι˵ȵҩֱͷȶȽȥ˲һ
һָʶʱǿʱĹ⾰
ڴϣþûзӦû뵽ﾹ˴ܡ
ʧİӣһŮ˵ûб⻹̼ˡ
벻ͨﵽΪʲôΪʲô׵ñ㽫Լһİˡ
Ҳ֪Ǻʱӣڹ˶ãǷ꾩ڣΣԸԷ
ĸմͷҩҹ˫һ۶Ŵ֪Ѿ˶á
ϲ̷ŵϣߵ߷ңʣ
ղˣūˣɻﲻ
ԣҡҡͷ˶٣ͷģ
һ̷ɫ׾ջҼǵ촩ıѡ
һ㶣ĺȻˣ
򴽣ֻ˵
Ŷѣǰ֪ȥˣˣΪһ
ʲôǰ
Ҵ󾪣ȫû뵽ôá




4.     ˵ָаҰޡ

ıһŪһΪ¶ָһյΣ
ձȥɽһģڼȴɢѰʱϵ·㱻ˣ֪ϲ·һµģ仨ЩͬҲһ¡

Ҳ˲ˣԺֻţҪǰոȫһ£ֻѡ

һҲõĻȵˣѾ꣬ضԷӦѾ

ҶѻͦģԸȥȡһƣѿ϶ӣպҲٴѡ

ΪκȻҪѣǰԸ·ȡ˹

ͷϸƣò˵ѻͦµģĬĬԸ
ѶˣЩʱˣպ㲻Ҫóˡ

ĵͷӦ£Ҳã
ǲûͼµĶѹɣʱµĶѡ

ĬĬȻʣСģ
ǰϲȥѣ

Ҽǵû꾩Ψװ֮һ̫ϲѣ̫ˣ׼֮ǰϰߣһ졣

΢㶣һξҹˮƺЩһˡ
ǣֻ˵·ǺͶһڻðģ

ҵͷȻ죬ԺҪˣ

ΪΣľЩҹ˼ˡ

ͬһҵѣƲ죬Ҳû˵Ϊʲô

֮ǰΪҹû˵ʲôֻͷӦ£
ūùܼҸһ꾩ĳӵᣬһңʵڲУҲУպҲ쵽ˣҲˡ

ū˵˻ⷻ幤Ҳͦõģ

ҷű˵ⷻԭﲻ˵ֳںլӦ֪ⷻûᣬ˳Ƶͷ
ǾⷻɣȻ˵ãǾ㡣

ҵǸѣ˵ӻЩۣҩ˯ˡ

Ҵñӣ˳ȥŹ˵Ļһһת˴

ĵĻϾ海˱
գӺЩˣֱⷻưɣϲ

Ӧ£תͷԸȥⷻݻ

Ұ˼գӻ˲٣գտԴһЩÿյͷԺ͸͸ӣ
ı㰲ⷻ˵ڶչߣԭǰŵⷻƹ˭֪ڶȴǵԹ

ҼʱνĶһ죬
ӣĽԹˣ⣬ʵӲ˭˶ߵģ
弼Ǹߣ˳꾩һƢҲ֣ҪٵɲǮܵõġ
ӱҳԽޣ弼ģ˵йؽƸΪʼ֯£δܳɹԭֻϲ

˵ⷻԼȥӦеģƹĿɻϲãƽҲԳߣ

ˣպȻҪ£ҿɲȥֻίƹˡ
һЦ۵仨ӯӣ˾ͦУ

ûסһЦλֿɰӻ
ҿҪлλˣһòԹأ

ˣһɣǳ˵ӥһĪҪŻԹԵСã

ıһȤˣλս񽫾ŵģæ廰ӿĪҪҼҹˣˡ

Ӱڰ֣ҲĲ廰ʼ׼ߣ
϶Ҷ߿Ϊҿλ

볯ΨһһλʮԱϲξɱУʮһսУնɱоͷͷ绢ʮոʮޣս֮Щ壬˵ָаҰޡ

֮ն־¡

ԣı죬һֻĻǺУˣ

Ӷܿ죬±ˣȻҪʽŴȥ

ԺĶǶ˪ԷУõϢʱ򣬼ʵ÷˺ôһͨǰոմӻѡ·ȫ˳ȥ

ⷻȣټֲٵ

βɵʲôȴʲôõñá

˪ԷĶûϾ浵ۣĻ㱨ĬĬ
ϢȥΪѡ

Ӧ£ū֪ˡĬȻǳ׶Զʧˣ

ˣǰջȥϾ浺ȻʣǼ£ЩᣬûʱѾԺҲ֪ûȥ

΢٣أ⵽ûУӵԺӦﲢ֪ӻ

Ͼ̾Ǳ㲻Ҫˡ

ǡ

ϸ˭˲֪Ӧﲢ׽СɴģƫƫӦҲ⣬ʱ䶼ԼԺﵷԼҩģˣȴܹү谮

˪ԷĶҲһ죬Ľ̸֪ϹûȢޣӦܳ裬ϥ˴ŵڶϥСظģ㶼Ǽżŵ

ⷻ죬Ҹǰգõⷻѣ
Ӳ꾩һֱǹƷ

ϲİ֣̱һ£һһźɫģһȦѩɫĺëĵҷɫӰۣ°źŵĻǶ䣬ģһ㣬˿Ʋסȥߢ

һƤһЩ۷ɫһŴŴĸоȴҲʧš

Ŀҹ͸͸ѩ׷ɫò̫̾ɫˣҹϣֱǾ䰡

ѣԲϣʵòˣô޵۹⣬ѵõĿһͦÿ

ﱧСظЦŴȤһ䣬ԽˣպϸĴŶҪЩö̤ˡ

ԣϾ΢٣
ûСû˸ܱǣ

⻰ôˣ׶ûʱֵˡ

ʱ˻˹ǡ
ġѱҲֻϾǰºЩ

﷽ҲһʱԣᷴӦæһͷظι

գգۣԭûᵽûӻֻ÷ȴ

ϸϾ浵СʶĵǰԭΪʱΪûиϾ浣ѵʲô飿

ĳ˵ԭ˵ճΪϸû

һСϾ浺ܿ㽫תط
ٹñԪˣʱ϶֣󲡳ûгȥʱһȥ䣬ףȬ

ſӵ˵ͷûΪЩֽǮոպýŻᲹϡ

һԣĬһûס
㣬Ҳȥ

䣬Ͼ̧ƮƮĿһۣ˼ǣˣ

㲻˵ˣȴίְޡ

һԲ󣬳Եü˼졣

һתۣ㵽Ԫڵ죬

ڴ볯Ԫڵ죬ǻŻƣԲȻ󵽽ϲµգӭ¥вµյĻּˡ

ҵ𴲱˷ܲѣѾòȥôֵĵطˣ

ܼڴſڱϾ浵ֱߣϵ˷ܣǳԡ

Ͼִ̧˴գЦʣ
ô

ϵͷǰ游ϸֳǴӲȥģ͵͵ȥĿŵĳȥȷǵһΡ

ϾһЦӹñϣٸˣôĶǲˡ

һ׼׵˴µĺ㣬ȥ

˽пڣȥˣ˱ı£ϵеķߡ

˵طֳѾ˳ӵңΧӣȴ룬Ͼ浵ĸ첲ǰߡ

ʱ¥żһλɫӣӥȻס¥ĬӰȻӴڿշһƬ




5.     Ѱ

ϵ¥ǰӰأϾĿǰŲһƬʱʶͷһֻۣһӴӾ¥Ϸ£ֽýӥӿи£۽

С죬ͷΪ𾪣벻꾩˽ý֮ˡ

Ͼ浵ķӦƽ࣬ң˼
ˣǻǿȥɣһµտ쿪ʼˡ

ţ

һأܱߵİոǴΪ𾪣˼ʶһͷӶ

ǲǸյ꾩ĺ𣿡

ɲǣû뵽ҲԪϣ

˭˵أѵʲôҪ죿

ҲɣΣǻǱԶЩ

⵱ڣǿеȴֱϵȥĵطշ׷Ծõ

һʱ䣬ԭϵǰȻ

նʶסźһǰߡ

ϵеƹԹ̨Ȼ쳣ɻĳŲ鿴ԶԶıλ볯־µĺ˲𾪣ƹæд

¡

ұϾߣȻΧİվ㶼׷ãҰƹ˳ˣɫͽȻ䣬ɻתΪ˻֣̿ű

ˣҲ֪Ϊη׷ˣҶʱסû뵽
ʶ룬ɣǰűˣˣ

Ͼ浵׸侲һЩһ˲ľȻҵ֣ת

ﻹֹأϾһ󣬴ҴҸҪ

˭֪ϥǻδ£ǼȻᵽһڳ㣬ֱ۱һסδӦ֮ʣ˱㱻һӵһİĻС

˲佩סİϢ֣ڳĺ

˳ĺĶһζ̾Ϣ
ҵˡ

ң



⻰Ū±ˣʲôѰˣ˵Ӧǵһμɣ

οһŮӣڴϱ˵ӵģηĺҲ˲

뵽ֺ̧ݺݽ˿ȥ

û뵽Ȼһ

ʱһԵϾǰԼ󣬴
үδ̫Щåоиնүľη

Ͼ浸ûϵķû뵽տӢֱˣҲᵱֵϷŮӣ˿úḡ˵к

̣Ҳ󣬻䣬ΧİձںӵŮӣ⻰һи̾Ů˵ʶҲ

˶֮ʣϾҲ̧ۣ˶ӵݣʱһ

ⲻȵǸ

ôǴ˾ηĺ

ԣ˵ʲôѰ㣬˼һֱѰδǹ˵ģ˶ˣֻϽ뿪

ϢȴķӦսս޲ʤս񽫾ӦŮӵͱʡ

ɫĶŶŬԼˣĬȻãͻȻ

ԹһģԸýƸȢΪޣκҪ󣬾ǡ

⻰Ͼ浽ͣʵȴͬ˵ģ
ΧİԷ׷׵ɴ˫ۣ˵вϲŮӵĺȻȢһһμŮӣ

ʵ˴۽磬ղɵϸ۲
Ҫ˵ͦƯģ㲻̫ãȻܹɫӨ죬پ£ͨǻ߳ɣ

ս񣬵ҲʧΪһμż

ͲøϽԶԶģôĻҲ±Լϳǿ򶨵ĴϾֻ߳Լǵһμ򶨵

лүֻ̧ŮԸү

䣬ϢȻ䣬ŶСȴޱܾеȻ

ΪΣʣ

ұѾԭˣ䲻Ըټ£û񲻶ϴԼҲ侲࣬ԣֱ׵

ŮϲүԲԸү

ϾĿһۣļУõδ򶨵ʱٴδǻ

үθҸʣүַ̧뿪

µĺ˼֣òײҵˣôȥ

ʱߴһ̴ٵЦһ
ĺʱʼǿ˵ˣ

Цﱧظ˹
еߵʱظϾǱߵݹȥظҲҪϾ浱
㣬㱧

С޶Ŵջ˲٣

Ͼֽ̧ӹޣĿͻȻֵ
ջ֣Ŀһۣü

֪ôϾᵹĪİ˲٣

Ż
Ϲ֮ү̬ŵõ̬ͣҲԱݣضԷӦ˼

ϾΪŮӣܲڱصãͬΪˣȴ۵׵ƵһԱݣ
ͬʱҲڸ£ϵˣǺα

ʵҲڶģøķڶģ᲻׵ĹϵõĿ

ǿȢһŮӣ£Ůʵ۸ǰĺ˹ϵƱҪǵģ

Ϊⲻֻһׯ£غõı仯

Ȼ䣬±ü۶ˣ
ԭϹ֮Ůеıȥȡ֮ƶķģ

ԸоϢʧɻ󣬵ӣ΢Щ

ʵ뿪ҿᣬ

ݻ֪࣬ԼǶĶˣȴǣ
׵ܸûظ˯ˣȱ뿪ˣү

ظǡɴ˸ĹУСأ
˵Ͼ浻ӹظʾ뿪

˱ͷ뿪˸󣬽ܼ˺ܿʧǰ

żԶȥıӰü΢ӥ΢УȻЦЦżһ㣬ת۱ʧԭء

ԭصİ˽ֶը˹

һӣ꾩˶֪ˣս˵ŮӵˣӵһŮӣȢ˼ңȴܾˡ

⻰ԽԽа˵ǶŮһ飬ϸһ˷֣ӵŮӣƺϸ

Ҳɣ˵ǹ˵ӦǶ˵硣˵˭˷ԣ

һʱ䣬꾩ڵǸֲ²⣬б۵ġ

ϸãϾͬ

ΪҪԱݣ꾩õԣպ󣬻˭Ȣá
㲻Ϊүü޸˰ɣЦ

Ǻ⣿

˵˾ϾرȵĻ
ү뿪ΪȻͨˣΪ֪õݣ뿪

ʲô

ŵΪԱݣ֪õݣʹ뿪Ҳ֪ԺĶҵã

Ȼ֪үΪλ˺񰮣ͬΪˣүȴܸܵڱصá




6.       

Ĳ²⵽׼׼Ͼ浲֪ѾȲۺ׻᲻ףϾΨһҪǣ
ÿҪԸǶԷǿҲͬ⡣

Է鷿

īɫ鰸ǰȾܱűƱɫ࣬۱ץסҪϢֽ
ʶȾ࣬

ڵΣ

մڲ²⵱ŮӵϸﻹǶ

취ð֪ǿǱ뽫Ȣؼҡ
ͲɾģýѵĽѵ

ףȾӦ£

ַԸһˣ

ǣȾת뿪

ʮ󣬱㵥ܼңϴСС飬Ⱦ˵үʱЦǺǵģ

涼ڴүԪڵӵһŮӣѽү˵Ҳʣֻ浽ȥϢ˵үȥ鷿µү׼жˣ

ϣ»ǰΪ׼һƸԣֺǺǵ
ҲҪˡ

¹˹ܺá

ˣҲͦпүܿӵһλ꺮ůˣѽҲܹˣ

үСܣﲻ۵ģùƧ壬ʮԱ˾ӪżȻ뵱껤ջ³ɹŵӣʮӪȡ˵оͷԴһ·ҡֱϣʮ۵£˭֪꣬үĶʦջһұ˽ر췴ɶңүԶڱδܼʦһ棬Դ֮үӸĮҲ粻

գ⼸һμүôõʱ

ûգ꾩һЩµۣһԳСñʾǰʼδϸ˵ϴ﷣أԣԪĹǶ

ȻˣǱֻˣ

һЩɣ˭֪ӳɵ˵ǹڳԾͲӳɵı֣

ʱ˳ԳԼұϸ
ǰ˳Ҳɵˣ

⻰һǽԾ͵͵ʾ

ɵ񣬻᲻˵Щص㣬ҪǣֱʾĽȢȻܾˣǡүû˵Ȣһβɹ

ңܱսȢ£ͺĽأ

Ҳ֪ɷ˭ģһҹ䣬꾩˶֪˶ʼĽﱻսȢ
żգϸǻΪܹһ﷼ݣ

ݸһЩģֱӵӵϸ˵ϸ磬Ͼӻδȫˡ

Ͼ浲ʲôĴˣͷԷתô죬˵û˴ܣԵص㣬ò֪̽˭ڸ棬

һʱ䣬Ҳ֪Ǹø˻˵á

ͷȻҲƮҵĶ˶ôĽȢĵȴǲԸ޸ģ
ԭйĽҶԸΪϸĳЩ̶˵鵱ոһࡣ

ϾϹ˻Ԫߵĳ購Ե֪ĻһЩ

ת۰¹ȥĶûȥԺﻭˣϾҲ޳ͷֻҪıá

³һգĻԪҪ̻ؾˣ
ԪԽÿĩ紺1Ҫ볯̩񰲣Ϊʱ£δй⡣

պ󣬻Ԫ۵̶뾩ڽֵԼеȺ򣬸ߺ꣬ڸлԪδΪ

ͼУԪԸ׹񲢸ߺİգ¶ɫ

̶ӽ˹Ԫ𵥶˵˻𷽲ŽֵԵİգԪļȣ̲ס
Ȼգն޺ǰ

ûʲôֵֻ
°ϧ֮ⲢǳĹͣ
Ԫ֪ǫ飬Ҳٶ˵ʲô

Щȥɣ׼ݼһ죬

л£ˡ
Ҳƴǣ˳

ϸϾıڴſں֮ǰͨԭļ俴ıԺһĻϹЩ棬Ҳſںš

Ͼ浿²ģҲţ
һ˵ˣܸˣ

𣿡ʵҲ֪ϹʲôӦΪԭļУ˱ԺһϹӻϸ󣬶ԭҲУЩ䵭

ţҪǵúϾ浹

ҵͷ

Ƭ̣ڴ̧ȥŹձĻӭܿͣڴ⡣

³̧۱ŮŮһվڴſڣĿʶŮϣƺǰ뿪ʱлһЩɢľҲвͬһ˲㶣תɫָֻƽ

Ͼǰ΢
ˣ·Ͽ˳

𣺡ţһпɺã˵ŻֻĿ۱վŵңȴûжʲô

Ͼע⵽Ŀ⣬΢̾ôˣ׻ˣйãȴӲֳ뵽ǳ

ãֻǰЩˮѾˡ

䣬ĿϣͷŴ˸飬Ҫȷǲû£

Ϊ˱ʾԼû£ʶſڣ

Ůû£ġ

ûƺٵͷİ£

һ򵥵İȴͣļ

ã鷿

鰸ǰϾȷŮĿ˵֮þòƽ

Ͼ⸸׵ļ𾪣øȷ˸ˣֻȴиҪҪͬ

ԪڵҴϽɢģϵż£ү֪ԭڵӵã

⼸գͷйشµԼ꾩ǶǣүȢãþܾƣͷԿɻӰ츸ףȢǸλش𣿡

Ͼ浾򵥵ĽƸĻĹעȴЩ֣
˼ǣӵ

Ů᲻ʲôԭ򣿡

ȴ˰֣

кԭ򣬼ȻҵŮҪ𵽵ף

Ͼһ㶣û뵽׻˵⻰

ɡòԸ޺

𣺡˸ĸ֮ý֮ԣԺ

׵ķӦȫϾ浵ԤϣΪϵƣһԥľܾȴϡ

ȴһԪ¹ƶ֮ģѯʹӦ͵͵ȡһŮѪειƳĴɹ

³ģģȾ˺ܿģֻҪȥԹүˣǵˡ

ϸҽͦ磬ôգ͸͸ûʰãĺȻͷܽ

ˡ




7.  ףޣ   ױ

ĵĻ㵣
˵˭ף

£ļѾǰԺˡ

ȹϸ룬ǰԺܣ
ߣȥ

ϸ˶˷ܲѣֻϸˣ׵ĶǸϳָ˵

Դ£˸ּ˾ú˽ˣӦüʱץסҲ²ϲŮ֪£˭֪ԷףǺԵɡ

⻰˲ˣȷʵ㹻ͷ˼ȴҲʵ

ǰԺãλϾ浾ףЦǺǵľ֣ýýһԣ
ý֮ƣ꾩õýţȥģ

ԭΪ˴Ӧүǰ˭֪үȴѰ˵ýɻ󣬵հ죬
ýϲĶĿ佱ãˣҶˡ

ýͣ£弰ʱӻȿһ
ձүǰнүԹĪ黳

үǧһģԱϣȢؽ֮ãԹЦɣĪҪǫã1

Ͼƫͷ۸ף΢û뵽ıһɵأ˹ˣ֪׻Ӧ£ҲмֶõĵǣöԺĵִ

һ£֮Уû뵽ô죬
˽ĶԣȻԸ⽫Ů޸£ҽףȴĶΪ£һԪ۵ۣԪ۵Ĳɡ

үСŮĺ񰮣СŮ٣СŮСɣүĺ񰮣»ãܼһүСŮֲʤ֮λ
˼ˣ⻰һ˲ԵɣҲ֪үΪûǰ

үԹλͷء

ԹˣūʵүϣһүǰʱԹıˡ

˵ǣýȥ

ĿͶȥϾſԵĸףɻʣ
ףľܾˣ

ҡҡͷʱ򡣡

ʲôϾ浲ף

ȴֻ浽˼룬£Ҫ޵ģΪã
˵⻰ת뿪

Ͼ䲻ףȴܾᣬԸģɵ಻Ầá

үܾ˺µףϢբĺˮһϸԼ꾩ǡ

ϵ˶ڲ²ԭ˵үڱӣϣүʦһְǱǰĺˣо仰а黢ʵâǱҪģ˴սٽףǱ²ϲүܾµף֮е¡

ҴĻδǰԺ֪һϢµĲһ٣ЪȥǰԺ˼
ʣ
ôˣүôܾף

ҡҡͷҲ֪ܾͦõģҲޣ

ĺܾȣΪˣ̫ˣǰԺأȴԭǴȥֹ˼

ҲͣȻû˺ҲȥǰԺˣ
ճ¶ʱȥˣڸϰɣȥո졣

Թױһ£ܿ촩꾩ǣ
۷׷ףðٹ٣Ҳвͬ

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ԪϳʼĹ۲𣬼һ˷粻ģĵ˼֡

³󣬻Ԫ۹Ȼϣ

Ԫʲӱڷܣνܲ׾ڴ֮£Ҳùȥ
ÿ糯󣬻Ԫ۶ᵥ飬۸й

߹ŷ

Ԫм֪ΪλܾµףȴǿȻֻø߹

л£

Ԫ۶ɣ̫ӣ£ļҳһѯǰһ£

˺һ£޿˵ˣô׷ү벻˰ۣ

ɷ΢ˣ˱׷ƹ۵ˣһĺã

ֻСŮ꼸ᣬ޷ú÷үүˣ޷ֻþүף֪΢˾٣ɻգ
ϸǡôĻ֣̿Ϊѣ

ԪЦЦο
ˣΪ˸᲻Ůޣ֮飬Ĳᣬ롣

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Ƿ֮̽ŵԪ۵ԼҪĴ𰸣ּԼʺһ±ʾмУԽ϶Ҳ

ް䲻ކ²ǣ

ңбµıӻǳһ˵ҡ

ֻ֮οһԪ۲Žתط

𱻻Ԫ۵һ£ܿ촫µĶ
ȾһԾ֮ͦǰүýȥףԹܾүȴһҲżַԸעµľٶǵԹ

ͬʱүԸһ£׼һ߹ظ춯Ϣдô

ŻԪ۵Թ΢ͣǵλ£һĶɺͼУûøı䡣

Ⱦ֮࣬ǰ׼Ϣ˷ųȥɣǵı֪ϢٷԸȥչذ£չڼ䣬ɸ󽫾Ϊ˵ģš

ǣס

һֱĴڸ廨ЩȾһµ󣬲ѡǳɫѣʰʰ׼ȥոľɸۡһˣ

˴ǰȥһΪˣ뿴ν˽ر׻ڸϺδ

ǰ͵ȥոΧ·ͦϤģȥոȻܴģԡԳΪɣĳţ;˲¥żЪϢ֧ȥԶĲʢģ뿪ųȥո

ҵ֮ǰոŵһεĹӴ˴˽ȥ

֮ۡãԺӲݴǰϤԺĺۿЩֵһԺ֣︡ұס˸ϵСã

ΪʱȣҶයС˳·ֽǮȼǰĬ

游ĸףҵүǷģһ嵱࣬ռףȪ֪һҪҡ

ֽǮվҲתԭ·صǽߣȥ

ĴӲʢĻʱҹ۾ƺЩģΪǽۣæĸ㣬ĵ
ǽ۵ū澷ȥȥ

æ֣ҾеۣŵǲˣһȥɣҪҲҪ򿴣Щ

аɣ

װһĵ

¸棬תơ

̫յ˰صϢƽռҾɸۡδȼֽǮϢ־㵣

ʱ꣬˭ᵽոȥֽǮ




8.  ٴףޣ   ϣֻܻ㡭

ܺⲽ˼¶Ӧԣ
ʱĸ߹ͽԹ˶
棬Թ

̫ӵ£ȥһˣ

Ͳ׼ۼպܺԣͷ
Թȥػ»ѱ

ǡԹ뿪

뿪ͯ

˶ոܱߣֿ֮ˣ̿Ѻ



ǰոĪ²顣

Ԫյһ¹ر߹صľߵ߳ģ
ǰգ¿ʼչԪȵģգµĸһܺ

ܺдţ볯ϱ߾ڵĸ춯

̫ܼӣʲô׼

Ԫ˲ţԪһսʼ˺󼸺սʤܱ߼СңսԶҶ볯ʾã볯Ʒ

Ψûκζô֮Ҳల¡

Ԫ۴ǰǴӲı߹ս£ȫƾ¹µԽԽ࣬˱ʾ޺Ľɽ
ǻԪһ̣ȴʵ

˶ӸԣԼ̫߿ڻԪ˵̣ʱƣԽԽıһʵε̡

еҪ֤߹أû£Ҳԡ

ԣµ߰ߣ˽ܺ

̫浽ʱ򣬵ڲǻԪһˣͱ¦ˣҲڳ

Ųһ٣ȥԪ
μʡ

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޽յϢڱ߹ضƵ̫ܼ춯

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΢ûзԣ

ϰʲô⣿

Ԫʶ

Ƭ̣
ΪǱľԱܹ׼ӦԣͬʱҲŪ˴μӵԵɣϾôһֱûжóȻжԷȴǹҳ֮ƽ⣬òʧˡ

¦˸ͣ

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һֱ˼׻˭͵͵ȥո¶ֻ˸ţȻ᲻ʲôнԵͬ

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ǿ˭ȥʣ

رѡűµѡ񡣡

¦฽ͣ

滹Żض¹ռҵ˿ȻҲԸ⻨ʱҲûж˵ʲô

Ԫף

еĹҹɫӱϱ߾ȥ

ų˳ţȾ㽫Ϣݸ£

үϣµȷǲ˹ǰϱ߾

գ˵Ǳչأʵڸֻ

ľȡһưˮܵűߵĻԸ
˽֧նɱٵϢؾ˵˰׼ҳ

ϹҪҵˣˣʣ

ʱûУʺŮ뿪ʱСʱ꣬ѰЩѡ

ţ֣Ҫҵ

ǣס

Ⱦ๰£ȥţжүԽԽˡ

պ󣬻ԪյϢȥ֧ȫɱҲ̽ϢȷǼ˰׼볯

Է˴οڣ׼

Ԫٴټ飬һΣ¦Ԫ۵Ļûٹ˼ԪҪ˼ֱ飬

С˲񣬱ºβú´ǰɱƬײҴ

Ҳͣ
£¦˴úأ

Ԫ۱˱ۣеһһ˿Ǳ

ڶգԪȥ£үδΪɾܾ
ֹգ±չؽŽʥ

Ԫ۶սвݣδʾʺչǷ˳󣬱˸һ£䣬ɫȴ˳

ǱǲγԱ߹صĲ𣿡

Ԫɫ˽
δֻ޼չ㴦ǰ̽Ϣ

𣿡³˳ǣȻţ

Ȼ²΢΢Ҳãձ㽻£ƹɡ
´ӻͳ˱ҪȥԪ۴󾪣Ҫæǰ

żˣû֪㣬нҪ٣ѵĿ߹ذܿࣿ

²ΣܰɱУ

ɿڵļˣԪæ

Ҫ

µȵľ仰ʱһ٣Ԫ۸һ

΢սѾСҲȢˡ

ԣԪüĺݺ

Թϵòǣ΢Ҫһ仰ʾԹ²Ż¡

˵ʵǻԪ֪²ܻϲһԼ£ȥ̽ϢҪһжµİš

޴Ӧǣ

ջ˱񣬡ȺµϢպ󣬳ף

ϣܾ䶨

Ԫ۲ͷĻ֣ϽߣĿѾɣ˳תȥ

ıӰʧԪߥߥָζ
ֻӣиȢûܡ

ȴӦ£Ԫ۱㿪ʼ˵

Ԫۺ֮ӿţѾ˻Ԫ׼

ڶ糯Ȼµ˵

Ԫβδһ£һЩ⣬Žתӭսϡ

һ£кµӦԣ޴ǰǶһˣ

ºγԣΪնһ٣æο

ǣð

˵ӦǶʮ˰ɣҲȢˣͬΪ٣ҲĳЩϣҲ
Ԫ

չҪ˵Ҳ

ͫɫͷӦ£
΢ּ

лЩ̾Ϣ
̶һʱ䣬ñɿڣ赲ҽף
˼֮ı֮ӿɼ

պڻԪǰԣٴס

һΣԴף

һηˣ

벻ִţȢԹ
ú˵ǣλҲһѵõ˶

׼ڿԴŶŵʱȻЩ㱡

½īɫԲۣؿǳɫƺצ筺ɫ⣬ӥ˳ߣνߴӢ

ȫͬʣƫĵ̲ûӰĿ˼Ծǿ彡Ƹǿ

棬Ǹǧ½׵ģȻŵ˲٣

֪Ů޸Ǻ£ǲֳ˷粻
΢ү

¹ֻ񣬡ϹˣˣΪȢкҪ󣬹үᡣ

֪ԪѾǰʾϹԣûж˵ʲô׵Ļֱֽ⡣

ֱҲûʲô⣬ҲĨǡ

ү΢СŮСԺðүĵطүݣһȡ

ºһ˿ȣû뵽Ҫ󾹻˼򵥡

үģǱְ𡣡

˻Ԫ۹ۣҲûΪѣºܿ䶨

Ժ˯Щ

ĸ˵ǰԺϢ𴲣㽫Ϣ

үˣүѾͬˣ񰡣Ѿδĺˡ

䣬ʣ˯˲ûӰ
˵ʲô۾ʡ

ū˵Ѿδĺѽʲô𣿡
㶵ظ

ȻǷǳĲԣҴҿɲ뵱ʲô

ϴ£ҪȥǰԺҸסҴӴߴٵ

ϴ·ͷ֬ϣҴææǰԺܡ

ĴҴҸ

·˸ս㲻õױ治ǰԺܣ
Ÿոյ֪Ϣ̲ס

⸱ģȥǰԺĪүãϸĹﶼûأߣõѡ˷ĪҪպ˻

ұԸִκƫҪ

ĪҪʺӿҵͷϣϾ򷸴Ļʹ˳ȥˣ
֣ҿҧһЩ

ɫ΢䣬

𣬵ȷΪǰմ˷ųϢҪΪѡɹôգȴ˵ţ
㣬²زá

Цת뿪תͷһ˲ɫȴͽȻˣ

׾δ֪ǰ£Ӧ˺ףԭ򣬿²򵥡

һΣǾܾģĶ̶̲һ±⣿

̤ǰԺʱѾ뿪

ֻףɫ㱣˼ʲô

̧ʾվſڣ̧ߵǰ

Ӧ˺ף

ŮԸԸޣ

ҲԸޣҲޡ

ҽԼĲ˳

üϵıúİ
һŮ׶ǵȻŮ֮ƺźԶľ룬

޸үΪãϣ˵ֻܻһȫ




9.  ޣ   

Ҹȥ

νΪҺãȫжϣʹԸԸ⣿

Ͼ浴̤ű仰šü
ô븸˵

΢ͷһۣί
֮Ҳ

Ͼ浿۸ף
ΪβԸ

ĬĬ鲻Ը
Ҳϲ˵ϲŮӣ˭֪ףΪʲô

ҲԸ⻰ת뿪

Ͼ浺ͷۣæο
ĪģֻһʱܲҶ࿪ͨġ

ţҿҪ࣬˼롣
Щˣ뿪

ϾıӰššüµӦȥӦԺ

ֻµӦ£Ȼܻʮʱ㿪ʼιܼңʮ㽫ټĹԺ

Ӧü޸ӦҲĿ

ᣬҲʣֻúԺõûк֮ǡ

ŮɢϾ浱м为𻺽֮ìܣ

߲ޣ֣еŮ˽һ⣬͵ԼŮ̫ˣϣŲһŲ

ȴţԪСų⣬СﲻԸ⣬ԹŻӳٻڡ

µȲˣ

Ҫ콫СȢؼңѰôã䣬Ȳ

ܷƣѾ̸˺üΣȴܽԼ޸ʵԭ

ŷƣڸĵ꾩黭Ÿתһתѡԭ򣬻һΪĶ¥ż䣬ܼոľɸۡ

ŸһȦڴߣոķ

ǵǰÿʱ򣬱꾩еĹֻֻ꣬ΪѡһϲֻûѡһõֻЦûûεʱ򣬱Цͷ
ÿζĨīˮܻװ
ĵġ

ԶոЩ㱡

ͻģոΧƺЩԾ˶һԵϣڰжոĶ

ͽȻԼϴյֽǮѵ˷չֽǮ²ո˻ţԲŻᰲ˶ոΧ

סˣȥһ£ոĻ֮ˣҲ޴ֲ

ĻϵĻֻ׼뿪ȴȻס

ȻܿոΧȻҲע⵽óȻǰ»Էע⣬

룬ҽ˷

Ƭ̺Ҵĵѣ˳

ġңҳȥһˣ

ǹ𵢸̫ã̫ȥ᲻ˡȻ֪ΪҪѣﲻ˵Ҳʣ

Դӹ󣬱仹ǸС㣬ܸоƺֻ࣬Ҫ￪ľͺã

ţİɣҺܿ

Ҵ˳ȥ뿪ǰ˵С
Ҽҹ˵Ҫһ˼ֻϣ˴ţĪҪȥš

Ϊ˶ĿƵոĽ˵㶫Ȼװߴһ߽ոŵӡ

̤һֱĬոŵʱ˽ŲȻټӿ첽ߣ

Ҫ߳ڵʱһ˫ִļϣ
վס

һ٣ͷ

һɫ۵Ķ
ʲôģ֪Ӳ˽𣿡

ҿֱһһ׻ңӦþΧǽϲСĲ䵽ģ⣬æͷ
ҳ꾩ﲻߣллѡ
˵űƹʱ·ڣ

̶̵棬ҼȷոӦڳˣ򺰻صĹǻζУŵһϵζ

ζܵӦǲСմȾϵģǳʱʹµġ

صŸ̴ֱ꾩ӣ
ϣȴһֱûѰϵƵζ

ƹļٳû¶ҪʲôϣΪǲ⣬ǰѯʣ

ûϲϣԶƣϲʲôζ˵һ˵ǿԸϲãԼϡ

һ٣ԥ˻һŵζ
һִľ㣬м˿ζһζϣ

ƹԣȴ΢٣
˵ζɶƲˣǹеϣרŹģͷûá

ʲôҺܾȣû뵽ζԹ

صϣ۵̯ڴϣķĶȷԸСѾ߶ˮݽţ
ݽţһȥϴˮ裬Щ

ԼЬŽ֪һʱ䣬֪յõǸø˻ѹ

Ļ֮ǹˣϸմլУûл̽

ƹ˵˵ϣ񣬵ȷлģпܵıǵ£

ȷŵľ㣬ȴҲûлһ㡣

Щͷˡ

öͷһʱЩüչȻ뵽˺޸ԺݣӦܽȥμӸʲôģ

ϸֻϵ֣ܲ鵽Ϣޡ

뵽ҺȻӴ׼ȥҸףʾԸ޸

ȴͻȻסôͻȻܹȥʾԼԸ޸ˣƺЩ֣

ϾǰһԼԲ޵̬ȣҪǺȻʾԸˣ׾Իỳɡ

ˣǻգʱװΪѵĴӦɡ

룬

ֹգϾ浿еʱһͬ£ôãϾ浱ңձţһɿڣ븸ȥŻ°ɣ

أòģǺҪѣҲԸԿ¡

ҽȴɿˡ

ȻЩΪѵģ

㣬ˣԸޣȻ˵ԺܻȫŵȻڲϲǡģԺ󣬻ŬԼϲġ

ңҲͦӢģ

˵ű

Ͼһ٣ֽ̧ӵ˻

ˣԸޣǲԸ⣬ȥͬҲԵģĪҪװԸ⡣

΢΢̾ԭĴ㣬ԭĺܺã
ûУûмװԸ⣬ңǺ˵˾˵ģµСЬ㲻õңͨˣԸ޸ү

Ͼһ̣Ըûôˣ

ɿںĵҲ˽һ¡

֮Ǳ߱ٶȽ̼½У

Ƹʱ򣬻Ԫ˵͡

ƺòѰԼϲŮӣʵѵãԸΪ֤飬ϣϧײ롣

˲ٵĽ鱦

һ꾩ǵİն֪սҪȢˡ

ԭ¼СﲻԸ޸ûԪּͻģּ⻹ûü£СֺȻͬ˻£

һףҪ˻Ԫ۵һԷСպȻԡ

˿ٵĶ£ߵÿ죬ʦĲԣ
˵ĻڶµףҲĸʱ䣬

˻ڣӣұеæˣ䲻񲿲ٰ죬ǲУ
£

ԭ˵ү񰡣ǵԲٰ죬ŷġ

¶ˣ°֮ǰӦԪ۵ģϱ߹һˣ

ʱ䣬;ʣá

̲סȰ
ү´˽һϲϻڣⲻǻ𣿡

Ⱦһߣ̧ͷ£ҲЩ֣
ϹѾͶΪүҪȥһˣ

ȴƶ
ģڻǰһ

Ⱦĵ¶ˣһˣȷûʲôɵĵġ

´գҵļ²˸Ƕ֪ôҲ̲ס»ϲϻڣָôأ

ʱŷŴ߽

ү˷ŹҲ֪дʲô

¶⣬нӹţٴ򿪣

վɣĪģĪ͵

һ㶣Ī˳ɣô֪͵

ȷ֪±ȥ£ʵʱҵȷ£
ȻпܻڣûñҪҹ£ֲǲԡ

Ŀɫ㶣ǰֽʱ
үڸŵһϲϻأ

ϲϵϣԤϵģһ˳ɲĸµ¶ϸһģҲǲܡ

Ѯϱ߹̻ؾʱڣֻа²Ƿܸϻڣдۡ




10.  飨ޣ   Ѹͷѹôʵ

ս볯ԼףѺá

һ꾩ﲻɵ۷׷ףĪͲһȢ

֮ǰȻ룬ΪҶ֪²ϲŮӣڲһˣĻڣ
Ҫ볯ףҲһܺõѡʱͬʱؾ·;У˵ûһ¸顣

û֪֮ԨԴ¶Сִ
ǰСﹲһҹʧսѰȴѰá

Ѱˣôбʡ
¶ʮ峿һսԳŷɳ۶·İվűõʱϵˣϤ
ǳſڵĹϳ˶Է

ǲǺ𣿡

ĪۻˣӦڻؾ·ϡɡ

֮볯Ψһһƥдɫ׵ĺѪΨһ

Ƕǰؾˣ

ǰնʱڸǰǻ쳤˲ӵȺµĹֻ»ϲϺյĻڡ

գվڸǰǻĵ¹㣬̵ڣ
ںڵӭŵ£ϲӭȥ
үڻˡ

´ϷݸһԵСˡ

壬ϲɶ׼׵ˣ

׼׵ū£үģ

࣬³ַԸȥݸ˵׼ʱˡ

屻ȻĳƺŪһ㶣漴ϲЦտ
ūȥݻ

ԣʱұ֪

¶һȸϻ꾩ѾִյĻվɡ

Ʋ죬˵˱㵽ˣר˵

¶ʮգ˺Ȣ֮ա
¶أ칬ǳá

գԹ֮Ľֵϣ̺һͨף

첻㱻Ͼ浴ӱʮȫӽͭǰʼױ硣

۾ҪߵΧֱʮȫϸ棬ϸĴ۲żѹ

ۣһмȻ

ʮȫӼۣ
ˣЩЩϸۡ

ţӦ£

ǲԼ˶ãЩ˯ֱʮȫӵľ
ǲ۲۵ӣūֻǳױˡ

ԣʶͭƽ￴ϰˣҲò̾
ԭòݵģʮȫӵĴ£ѩɫļȻһεĺ촽ÿһǡô

һۣ

һμʱԭļ仭УƬɵһС

Ͼ˳ŵӣ΢һ˲ʱи̾
ĳˡ

ƽһֱźĶðû

ô䣬Щʱ䣬ۿʱ쵽ˣϾͷߵߣϸͷֶ
պк£ǵҺ͵ĪҪӲ֪

ţһģ㣬ͷ

ʱʮȫǳ
ʱѵϻˡ

ӭ׵ĶվԹǰһɫԲϲڸǰ
ӥ˼ɫֱͦӱ˳

볯ķףӦжϻΣ½ȴƫҪףŮˣôܹɱӱ

ԣտţ±ǰһ˫֣


Χİʱһ

²һ٣£ܿͷҷŵµĻ

ŸͷһδӦıһǳĻУ΢û뵽»Ȼǰ

ӹң±תſڵĻߣתһ˲ͷϵĸͷ˳һǣһۣİȴõһ

Ӽֱƾɫ

һʱ䣬µǼּʡ

½뻨Σ˳ȥǰȻ̧ѹѹĸͷѹ
ͷʵˣñȥ

⻰ְֱԵһ㶣ʶ̧ѹסͷδüջصײָ

һ´ӻﱧģµĻӰ죬˲䣬ʶֻ̧ͷĸͷ

ˣµЦ΢ͷߵͳ
ԣ

Ƶɤ͸ҵĶĤս

ã֮

±ص·һ·ӳϸʼұû߹·µĻվĶ档

·Էұϲʱ˫ֻѹͷĸͷ

µЦߣ³һ䣬
ѸͷѹôʵôҸͷ

ԣҲûˢһ֣ε˫ֲ֪÷ںδ

ûκԥ̧ƿ˸ͷֱ˸ӣһۣ··ֻصǰһ

µĺԽԽأֱĶǰˣ
ܲסȵΡΡĵȥܿ

ʱںͷʮȫӵ˽̧۱һĻ

ʮȫӾ
үþͽ˸ͷ

»񣬵ʮȫһۣûӻתһҵߣ

ðңôһνһԡ

ʮȫ΢㶣漴Ҳ׷ʣƵݵǰ
үȺƣͺͷϣ

ֶƣһң˳ѹֱۣ

ҽӹ̧ͷºƣҲʾ˳Ϊķޡ

ʮȫӺɫܿ¡

ҽϲϣŵ½ǣ룬ôȥдͣôţ
°ͺȻ̧𣬲˸Ĵѹһڣת˲š

ȱͳɤȾ˼ֲζ˲

ɿߵſڷԸźЩʳ漴ȥ˱Է

ȥҲһ˲٣
Ĵ߽ʳϷżˬС˺һࡣ

ôãȳԵ㶫ϻеأ

һͦӦģֻİ

ţҽŷȡٳԡ

ȥȡɫĽȹ·صļ£˲˲١

ԶʱҲ˲٣˵ףСҲ̣

˷ĵķ£ԡһᱡ͸ԴȹԷ

ʱ磬Ҳɵţ˯һǵѡһܲ˯˵

ģЪϢүˣٺҡ

ū֪ˡ

գᣬǱѵģ

ʼ䣬İȵĺ




11.     סˣԺҪ

۵ʱһʱûӦԼںδʶ̧ƿϵˣȴһߥסʱŷƽѾɢ
ұ˱ۣԼ˯֪޾ģ

ԽԽŨ½еİվվ۵ףһ˿Ц⡣

ȻƫͷסĶʣ
δȱ˯£÷

һδµĹﾭסⷭò̲ס΢æ
ҡҰ̫ˣŲС˯ˣү

ŬŲӣ뽫ԼĶ䳷ֺã

⻰£ȴͽȻоµĺأϢЩΪԼ˵ʲôˣｫŵĻתһȦ

ȴͽȻɿĶתĴߣδӦʱݺݵҧĴһڣ
סˣԺҪһΣݺݷһΡ

֣ҧüء

֮ҪҼסʵǿƵһһѹĴ꣬òͣ¡

ҸӲķӦֻܱ֧䣬

ʱһƣҲ֪жֲ뺦ͷȥȴûлȥᣬ׹ɵС

ҪˮͷŮ˼ˣֻһеǣ

¹ӹûȫֱүڲˣ

δڲȴʵʵڵĻ˯˹ȥ

ϱӣ˿˻ȡ˶̵ָһѪǰ׼õĴƿС

ӳ£½󳨣Ϣң·ǵĵطһѪɫҡҡ׹һ޵ı˰ٴš

ʱר˵һ㣬Ų۾һеףǴϻ˯ҡ

´ѪҺƿպúŻ˰β¡
Ȼúܣȴѡ§ұ۾

·ĺҲĵıһҹ

©ľ棬

۵ʱͷɫգۣתת˻ֳ

ĿתһȦ߶˴βŵϣ
ļǵãôϰ䣬⸱ģġ

ʾʲôĸо

ʱͷѾæ
ˣ

ƫͷʶʣʲôʱˣ

ʱˣ

үԸū澲Ҫ˵Լ
ȥ³ｫҪѱ˹

΢٣ڵ
򡭡үںδ

ģūҲ֪

Ҳټ׷ʣԸ
ȥ䣬Ҫԡ

ǣ

ԡԭڷеȴڰԣϰһµʳ

һ٣Ƭ̣ձպģ£Щڡ

£ױ

ʶ񣬱ϹϾ𣺡ǣ

üĻشܲߵʱȻֽԼϣһֹϸһֻס°ͣͳ
˵ʲôˣУԺٶ񣬱һϵ񣬿ɼסˣţ

Ļʾζʮ㡣
ûϵȻˣʶץסǰѣİ͵
סˡ
İʾļƤŻƺ

߰ڵѾߣһ̣ȫȥװԼһĻ

ҵĻشϲº࣬ˣȴδ㽫ҷŻصϡ

µţȫôҪԼӡ

ţֽ͵ױ̨ǰȻתȥͷ

Ż˲٣յľٶ΢΢ü
ô֮ǰģȫһ

Ĵӷģδү֮ദʽȻģүɢǿƣȻǿҡ

үռЩصӡ
Ļ䣬±˽ɫ䲻ݣ
㷽Żʲô

ѾĹǱ㾹˲أõ

ŵæ
ūһʱ죬⣬ү

û뵽һƺ⣬ʶҪ飬ŵѹˣӵ
ĴСңϰˣҲֻһʱǣĪˣ֮£û´Ρ

ϵŭɫЩǰֽ̧һɫӴͷϣƵ

´ΣŮҲϢ




12.     ǲܻĹܲ

ͳ仰֮⣬æصĿͷ֤
ū澾ٷ

Щֽ˵һ䡣

µͷɨһۣû˵ʲô

ϹŵĽһ

ױϺѼٽʱЩڣ»ͷһձͷ֪Ҫ˵лˡ

ţҸµԷǰǰſڣı㽫˶ټ

ǣλϣЩ⣬¾ϵˣûס͵͵ƫͷһۣ

¸оעӣƫͷʣ
ô

ҡҡͷû뵽ע⵽
ģʾ忪ʼ

һ

ү

ڶ࣬ʮ밲ʶջ˱ŵ֣ĿǰΣ

Сƫͷһۣ΢٣Σģͦɰģɵö࿴ۣ
סȥС֣Ĺ

΢ָĶ˶

ۣյøЩû÷ֵĴ㡣

ˣ˵ۣǰԺԺᣬ㽻Թ

ֳԺĶƣ

ʶ̧ͷһԵ£ɫ죬

̫ˣҹܲģԺĽұˣԺĻ

ʵϵСģǵɫһ㶣ʣ
ǲܻĹܲ

꾩ĸ׹ӣҪظµ˶ߥԼţɷԼˡ

ֵĿһ¡ΪҪʣ
ľĿǰԼûȥˣ

Ĺܲ˵ҲҵһιôˣֻһԺʱҪЩء

ԣȴüԵ
ǹܲʱǣȥ壿

գۣһθִܵŵĹУ֮ǰǿĶĳƺʱһ

йص£ƺе߱ˣġ

ʱҲӻ
⣬ѯүǣūɲүĻҪɷūˡ

°ԵģӦ

һǽӹеˣİġ
ŮˣƺˣȻܣ

±ô

֮ͷߴѾ˽
ҴǰѾߣ߾㶼һĹŮӣ󲿷ӵҷɫŮӰ𪣬һǿĸо

¼棬üһ˿ɫǰĲѾߣͽϳȥˣ쿪ڽҵעԼߣ

ǱרűˣǶ书պţǶˣȡְɣ

ŶǱû𣿡ҲԸȡΪãÿ˵֣Ǹĸİ
һŵ׵Ρ

ǣǸһϲ֣㻽˱С

ǵ֣ôϲأϲУ
⻰һ䣬ֻ⣬ڳ˾㶼Ȼ

ʵūͱҸ¶Ǽϡƽ¶ūͶƶ˼ΪӶԼĶŮģ䱾󶼲̫ţԣеūֻͣҪң㶼ȡ

ȴδȥ˵죬ֻʹڵϵˣ
֣

Ķæأ
ū澴Ѿ

ū񣬡

ҵͷͷ£

ҾͦģøģΣ

ף
ˣ

Ѿæͷ񣬡л

ˣһ»ۼİȫעļôˣЩƣ

̲ס̧ڴ˸Улиʣ½񣬴δҪȥĸף

ں֪Ĳֻ֪֮࣬Ĺϵƺ׺·󣬱Կ

Ϊ֮裬»󣬼ӣӦҲԼȥ裬ȴûϵ¾δ

ȲᣬҲȥѯʣǴùͷ㲻ˡ

¼񲻼ã֪ˣⲻ̬οߵԣᱧ

ұһþһʶֱ̧Ĳ佩Ӳ

µͷɨһۣϵ˵ߣ
ô˵

˵ű㱧ת޷ߣǰȥһ˱㽫һĻս۵ף׷׵ͷܿ
ͬʱҲɵĸ̾үǼϲģѹҪȢ

濴Ļ񣬼ƶµǰץŮӡ




13.  뾩ǰ   Īˣ㣬񡭡

Ϲﶨº󣬱һֱעλѡеѡ

´ܵй÷λΪΨһд󳼽Ϊ֮Ӣֺۣ̬ãޣǶЩ󳼶ֺã

ȻŮӣҪ²òŮӣ

һȤ
ԣһҩץ˸ŮƵߣ

ȴû뵽¾ȢԷѵŮһ£ֻһӣ
涢ǰĻһʱ˳˼

һһûԣι󣬻гȥӪﶼҪ⣬

̶գÿһ춼ˢ¶µ֪ÿ춼ڻɣǲ߻ħˣն벻

Σܱܿȥռҵİӣͷ۲ѣһʱ䲻֪Ǻá

ÿ˯ãҹҹجΣμŮ󣬵ڶ£ֱڸ⿴ңɫӻԾǷ

˼ߵϾǰϲ
㣬ٿһԵ𣬡

¸󣬼Цеģźۼü
ϲСűЦ

һˣȴܷϣҪֹˣü
޸үǴ͵ôĻҾͲôӦ£

⻰һ䣬Ϣʱһ䣬Ͼæסҵ֣
˵ʲô

һ¹֣
ף˵ֱү¡

²ϲұ˻ţֽ̧Լߣ
˵ǣʹĪҪ裬

ҷҲһʱ嶯ռԭ壬޸ҲΪԼˣԭ˵ľ룬Ѱ

ӵס󣬲ŷӦԼ˵ʲôһʱס

ССĲż߽ҹˣǰȥϾ浱ȥԺӣ

˽ãϾҵڴߵ޺ϣ
ʲô˳ĵĵط

΢٣ҡҡͷÿղ˯ǸߣҲϤź򣬵ҲûʲôӦģ

ֻǰԵЩֵӣ

Ͼ浱ûڶʣֻ
ʲô˳ĵģǧĪҪţ󣬵ҲǺģǵҪȥίȫɼǵã

ţҵͷ

緹ЪϢƬ̱˳

һҸ£㱻һ̽˻̧ס°ͣ
ڴӦ޸ˣţ

һ㶣ʶҡҡͷû뵽¾һֱ˵Ļ
ˣҲû·ˡ

ⱲӣֻǱˣ

ϢͷӡĴǣþû뿪Ŀʼ

ұ⸱ģŪ΢´ˣΪ£̫һ
ռ̫ˣ

ֱſͣ£²ſͣ£˵Ϣû

ҼٵĴ˼΢ףĴָḧ۴

Ժ󣬲ҪԳ˱Ц

˵꣬Żϣÿ

Ⱦ㼱˹һݱ߹սݸ£

ү߹ؼӼս

ɫ΢ҲûңӹսٴɫǺڳī

δԼ̫߿ˣҴҴ룬

·ԸȾȥǣȥǰԸ
˽Ķʰ׵ȥ߹أ汾һߡ

ס΢Ҫһȥ߹أ



ֽ߹صϢܿҽ˹УȻҲҪ
ٽǰϾ浻ǰ

˴εֽүǰȥ߹أȥҪ˵ү뿪꾩

Ͼ죬׸ΪҪүȥ߹أ
ףΪΣ 

ˣľƣûү꾩˵ȥǱ߹ظΣգ

ԣϾ󣬱˱ҪȥֻδţϢ˱ȵ˹

Ҫүȥ߹ˣδ⵽ʱߵòִ٣ǰ˽ϢݸϾ浣µʱǵǡ

ǲȥ߹أµܾ²У
֪´˴Ҫһߣ꾩ģǿ꾩պ¶ƿأֻ»أһαܿȥոİӣ

Ҿ˳£ԼĽ£Լ뿪ֲո¡

֪Ҫǰ߹ʱϾ浲ɵһǰ˵ү뿪˵꾩ȱ߹ΣգѵⱳʲôϵΪҪ뿪꾩ɵǣүҲҪǰ߹ء

˼ȥϾ浻ǽͬһ죬ֶһСġ

ҿϾ浵ݹϢȴɵó˼
Ը޸ʱ˵ΨһܻȫˣʱΪԭĸΪµȨŻ˵⻰ƺȫǣ

´һߣҵ֣ΪҪȥ߹أ

Уʲô֪ԭ

´ӹлʱʱǼ

ҽЩƽ»ʱûϴ˯ױǰĿƮҲ֪ʲô
Ž֪࣬û裬½Ųһ٣

Ϊλ˯

Ȼһ̧۱͸ͭѯʵ
΢ΣĿżѯ繡

ˣûŰɣ˰ڷ
˵űվҪȥģȴְ̧ס򣬽һѱ˻
ã㻹ûشôˣΪλ˯

¶ȻǽŻ㱵ģס˵ģ
һ㶣˵һʵ
ֻΪҪȥ߹ˣЩӦ⻹ҴС󣬵һ뿪꾩

֪߹صΣȻ䣬µʱϷĺȡ

һʱЩЩ˯ţ

߶߶˵࣬û棬ҪתµעҲ棬뵽ֵ
Ȼҽһ߹Ȥ¶

ԣüһۣĻ᲻֪תע
Īˣ㣬˯˯ˣ

̺·ϸ㽲ƣ

ȥϵң˵ͷתȥ˺ԡ

Ʋ죬ԹԵȥ˰βϣ

̺´Ӻ˳һ·ַֻ˴ߵһյ

ɵߺȻֽͷȥշתã뿪ҵĴǣʱ

̧죬
ҺۣͲҪ˰ɣΪ˵£

֪ϵ£ܲģ




14.  뾩   Ҵһ׺ϡ


һ˯ͣʱǰգνй֮޲Ǵĺֻۣһۣ֪ʲô
űڴͷ죬ҪĽȥ䣬һŲԼɳϸϸûʲôã

һ죬ɵߵĴϢ
ҶĹҲˣ鿴һ۱Ƽڴϣ첽ߣ
ʱģ

ɤӣѣȷȥԡ
ǣĽЬӰСķ´

ͷ˲䣬ԵĺۣѾϰΪ

ԡͰͻȻ𣬡үأ

үȥӪжˣǰ˵˲š

üΪ»ôѾˣȴԭû𣿻˵ʲôµıʣ

Ҳ¶һԭ

ȻҪ£Ԫԭͬ⣬ȴȻ⣬
½µˡ

ΪκȻҪ£Ѫ

ʮ˽ҽԺˣĸս΢ˣʢȴδ٣ԣȻƾĸʢ費

ν̰ĲҪģȻʱпջȥĳ谮֮λҪġ
ԣ𲻹һ䣬

£˴εкѹǰߣºβ˶Ըı¶ĿӦҲּɡ

ڻԪ۵ǰ£

ʣѽ֮䣬ȴһ޳ɣ£ղΪʷǣܹͬ⡣

Ԫ۶ӵȷǳ谮ģƽﶼһֵĵУһʼܾ󣬺һټ£ɿڴӦ
Ҫʱǰսֻɺ󷽹ս˵ˣԪ۲ԼĶսͬ£ֻΪ׶Զӵĳ谮ѡ

µ¶ô

ϸ̤ԼԺӣӦ£Էһźɫİʰãµİ

һ٣漴첽ߵӦߣһתҪ뿪

վס

ӦֹҪȥĽŲ
Ҳʲôµһ£붼Ҫ롣

Ӧﶢɫ
һߥŰͷͷ˶򥣬
йϵ𣿡䲻ͣ

䣬̧űҪ뿪

˭֪ˣûҵùӳţ

Ӧﻰ£ǰ̳ʮԴ

ӣݣ
ʮͷݣ̬أֻܲˡ

ˣɵЦһ
ﻹǿң˵Žİϵϣ̯֣

һݣӮ˵
ͽȻȫ

һĻȴӦۿ΢ȣôȥˣδʹ

໥һֿۣӦֵ
ȻӷǱˡ

˵գֱ̧˹ȥӦķǳֿ׼̼䣬һϵ¡

Ӧˣһ˿Σֹ˼˵Ĳ
ˣȻӲԸأˣ

ͣЩûס
ɻӦЩͷԣ⡭ôͻȻıˣ

ֵӦ

Ӧȴûһǰ̧߶һ䣬
ͷĺ뷽ģˡ

δüӦֻǰӺ㣬һ˦ϮЩ˯

Ӧһ߹۲ķӦ

Щԣʶֹ̧ȴѾˣһ˲ʧȥʶ

Ӧֳ̧סӣɫ΢̾һ

򲻵ѣҲԸķʽ
ϵסûӦôȻιȥˣ龰æǰס

Ӧ
ͻط䣬ûҵÿţ

ǣ

ȥӦſڴãתȥ

ӹӦ㽫֮ȫ֪
үҪӦң͵͵ȥ

һ٣ֹµԭļ
İɣס

𵱳ӦʱֻǸµߵĺӣ磬Ůûĸף㶯֮ģӦҵ븮

Ӧͨƶôæ

Ҳôˣ׼ʱ

Ӧ΢٣񻹲ʱٵȵȰɣ

Է

һȷҪȱ߽ʱѵ׸òô

Ҳûǰֱۣղѣ
꾩кβͬѣҴһ׺ʣ




15.  뾩   ҿˣ㡭㲻ܺ𡭡

Ҷ£ָŴϵѣϣܸԼһ飬
¿ϵѣɫȽᣬʽȹմʡ

ȴʺϴʱޣ

޵شϱ߽磬ļڵ꾩ʪȣó϶࣬Ȼֻ͸óҲǺҪһ㣬

µͷңҡͷ
׶У·׼ˣ

ţУ̫ˣʣѵﲻУ

¶˶٣죬ҶߵƵ

ó࣬ѣĸҪ飿˵ҵĶʱЩǳǳ۵İ۵ǣ


ҵ˲ͨ죬ջ˱ֱ۵֣Щ߳ŭ

ЦԴ
ˣѵܣֻҪԼϾˡ

˵űǣ£

ķ߽ʱĵ˳ȥ׼ȥˣ
ǰ£ʾСѾǽʢ

ǵ磬˯ߺҪķԸŴİ˱࣬һ̿ڸϹϱԼˬСˣľ峴Ƭ
ˬڿθ̫壬Ӱ˯ߡ

ùţҵͷʳԡ˴ţ֪ǲǵһγ꾩ԭмּڴϷȥ˯š
Ѿ׷ȥ˯ˣԻҪ
ùűȥ˱Է鷿ЩձҪ̣ЩСϸڵĵطҪȥȷΪţŽЩ·ŵ˷

ʣ鲻࣬½صԷʱһδ˯
Żʱһŵæ۾װԼѾ˯ˡ

ȻСʲôҲû˵ȥԡϴϰԵĵͷĴǡ
ڸܵ˲佩ֱʱЦοڣ
㣬š

˵ͷһֱ㽫ˣ˯ֱֻֻȴɹýģ˵˿޷죬ǳܡ

գգۣ˳˯

ǨƣȽȽէ֮ʱ

գڳǰװӵ֮ν֮Ũأȷ֮

һϵе֮îʱ̣ӿʼ޿Ρ

㱻Уһ·¡

ֽǴһͣǸ
ʹΪҪʱͣذȴû㣬͸棬
Ŀҵ

ϸʱͷѾ΢㶣̴ӴűߣȴǱ˴ϵģ

ˣףǼ٣òҩ档
˵Ҳ̫ģŻĵ
񣬵취ȥС

һȦеĴţ˴סˣ˴濪ţ޷ȥ

üߵſصĴյĴţ
ͷ˭ڣ

Ӧ

ţţȥүҪ̣¹ؽǣǵˣҳΨʡ

Ļ£ͷOO@@ֹһнŲԶȥ

ĵĵȴ

Ƭ̣ԶĽŲ̫ҪȥûŲѰӣ࣬

˿̵
ףҿţ

䣬ãҲ˻شһ٣õԤжʱϮͷȻʣͷӦ

˳㸸Ѿ㿪ţͲҪٴ㸸ˣú÷ʡΪȥսġ

˵⻰ӦƫͷԸһԵ
۹ͷ˵ʲôţɼסˣ

ǣ¶ǡ

ԸӦתȥˣ

ڵȴŵһ仰ס


Ǻ⣿

һʱδͨ⻰ʲô˼

ɱУ½ӷΪ֣񲿶ɸǰ棬Ϊ˱ִ֤ܹޣɱУ
ҶϺΪ㣬ִޣ

ȴҾܾˣԭǣ

˴£Ϊ˵ֶҵİΣŴңΪҵ˾ӵٶȣӰ˻˵ֵ£Ѵ̣ҪңҪģҪ߹صİգ

ҲΪǧˡ

ҵűµĲӣԼҪ
ɣޣҶϢձǡ

һ㶣ֱ̧ļ򣬳

ܼ࣬𣿲ޣ

̴ǰ̧ͷȻᣬô𣿡

ЩɵĿһۣ

Һܲ⸱飬
ǡҿˣ㡭㲻ܺ𣿡




16.     Ҿ

⻹ǵһαһŮһ㶣ʶ
κ壿

»סˣʵǻųڣЩڣ
ʲôԸ񣿸䣬ǿƣ鱩ս񽫾

Ȼ˴󵨵ҪºұѾ׼ˣ˭֪ȴһ֮Ļش


ԣԼʵûȴ֪ôӣ

¶ûӻֵͷ
ţҪô壿

֪ǲҵĴȻ˼ζ
һʱ䣬м߷ߣƿµĿй
֪ҲҪˣ

µЦɤ
ôУˣǲ壬Ѱ

䣬ҷӦ̧һѽ漴ŷ󣬽ӵ˻ߵ
ץˣ
漴һޣµ˳ȥ

ҹ̣ӱ֮£ʱ䲻ִ޵ؽ磬

һ·ϣȫӦҪͬһƥϾŮӣδ̶һգȸĥһƬͨ죬
ѹĨ˺һҩ࣬ڶձҪȥ

ǱҾܾˣԼ˴Ḷ̌
ĥƵļֱ

ȥ뱾һϸ۵Ƥܾ
ºܺմӦͬһƥ

ĵ׵ľǿҲȼˣµĻֱӵ
үңȥʹѾһ𣬷Ҳ

˵ҪתѾǱߣ

±ִľŪüֱתֱֽһϽ˻һסһֿסԴɫĶǿС
βѣ
ܼ֣

ңүҪСңߡ

ҪƤֲҲ£

ԣ֪ɿˣֱ̧Ĳ
ҾУ˶Щҩܻᵭȥġ

߹صİջŷأҲΪһˣ˵ֻܵƤ֮࣬ɱ߹صİգȴвһȣ࣬ʲô

һαҵĻŪóĬãƫͷҵĶЭ
õĻĶ˵ˡǲӦԵñ°ˣ

ҵԴֲ䣬
Ժÿ϶ҪñͿҩܾܾ

ҵͷ

֮ұͬһƥķʽһյķʽͬʱᱻ²ŷǰԴȸʹ

ڶصʽûִޣ޳ǵĹԱ֪˴´˸Ůӣƺǳ谮
꾩̫Զ³һ£֪

ԣҶΪŮƢѾڣŮļ檣Ҳˣû˽·ϣɫˣ㵽ʱԴ˲Ĺע

ԽߣԽԽˣˣһԸоóҲԽԽ࣬ǵ²ʱȫó棬ҧ֮ûκεĲʡ

ˣұһֱµߣԼҩ

޵ؽ磬Ҳ֮ǰΪξܾˣ
ȣҲʪľïʢóϢ֮أѰļ㲻ôˣ

ŮѼҪҲ©̫༡Էó涣ҧ
֮ǰѡѣصȹ洩ѣӰ

޳⻻ʱСл£
Һз㲩֮£֪ó࣬׼ѣҾͲˡ

´ϲмӣĬĬ
ˣʲô

ҵɴ˫ۣôôƤãСֹ
ǷΪӵ׼ѣǷӦ𣿡

üյߣ
ȷʵΪģȵϢҵĶѣ˵ý̲סӡ

۵ķΧǵһԵļ˺Ⱦ̲סипүԴȢǰ˶º˲١

˵ִ޳ں֪ͯϴԸˣ
ºֿ׵һͨƨȴĴϣ

ͯˣǰ·ɣ
֪ݴЦһæͷ

ǣ

תȥߣڽһĴӡ

һԲ˾䣬Ǻ⸱ӣͯĪҪһ

ңˡ

£˹ȥü
ҿ㲻ڣӶòˡ

һ˵ȴ˶٣ŵ
У˶࣬㣬㽫ҩĨϣ㲻ôóˣ

˵ŵݸһ֧ɫƿű³뿪ˡ

ͯ˼һĻۣûȷʵܳ谮λ檡
ǲ֪λòѰЩ輧˭ʤһ

ڳⰲӪկͯµ֪ݸ

ԭİҲס֪ݸ󷽱Уȴܾ
ɲ帣ģ潫ʿסӪǣһ١

µĬ£ͯ˱û֡

޳ŵַΧֵĽȴ쳣žҼһŽգ
Ҽ龰Լѡ

֪ݸͯûٷϻֱŶǰʰõԺӣ

ͯʰСԺɾ࣬Ժﻨݲõþ£ɢŵζûʲôó棬

ñ̲ס
Ժͦģûʲôó棬֮ǰվߣ䲻ᱻó涣ҧߵǲڶģ
ᵽðࡣ

ͯæǰ
ˣΪ¹˵ר㣬Ϊ棬

˭֪⻰һ䣬ȴͽȻɫǳͯˣ
Ǳķˣ




17.     Ҳס

ͯͷôҲû뵽ǰλСŮӾǺ
ͨһ򵽵ϣͷصĿĵϣ
׾챿ˣү

˵ͷ

µɫɺѿɫ

գգ̧ۣͷ£ûΪʲôҪ

ʱֹһ䣬꣬ɫ˲Ҳ

Ŷͯ˵ĺø˲ʧСԺҲԽ˳ۣ
ԭͯ˾Ϊүļ檣ǹүֵŮˣ檶磬ܲ
Ҳסˣ

ĽеǶԺֻϽ뿪

һתͷ㽫۵׵Ĳ˺ίս۵ףһ˲䣬ĵ׵ı忪ʼϵطӿʴǣ
ͷڵϵ֪ͯݣ纮
ͯˣȻԴ޴Ҳٵ֪ˡ
ܶݣǿԴҲ˸顣

ͯԣ־֣ٴοͷģͷײѵ죬ϱ֤һΡ

ȻҲһЩԻطסοΪԼһοǰһˣǶһ

ǶҲܷôͷ
ֱ̧סµֱۣ

һ٣ƫͷ
ţôŵ˸ףɼ¶ӡ

Ϲŵ̲ͯס˶ӣԺ뷨һȦ飬


µ⣬ҵ˵ͷָͯ˵
Ҫ֣ɱΪ˵ʲôͷЩ̫ˣҪҲҪΪնΪأ

ü˼˻˵ͷȾ࣬ԸȥѰһԺӣ˽ͯ˱ӣ
ȾͯͷлҺ뿪

ȾܿѰ˴լӣլ޳ǵĸԱУ˵ҪլӺ󣬶˵˽լʰ˳˼ҶѾլź

¹ȥۣԱҵլ֪ݸеԺȣʲôףЩ

Ҳ۵òˣһݱ̱Ȧǰ̧ĺ󲱾
ۣ

ҵͷҡҡͷ

²⣬ţ

ãû£ĬĬȻΪһҪޣ

һ٣еһͷǣ
ֿ
ѰС꣬Ҳ꣬»Ҫֿôܹܡ

ĬĬƫͷﹰ˹ûмʣ
ؾ󣬻һʸףΪʲô꾩Σհɣ

¼˼¶϶ᣬϣ
ϴһ£Ե㶫Ϣȥ븱һӦսԣȡţ̫ˣϢ

ҵͷ
ȥɣһ˺Լģģ

ţ¾ȥҡ
Դ뿪

뿪Ҳ˻ȸÿܲµȸӦһƬס

һĽԸ
׼ˮҪԡ

ˮѾ׼ˣūȥڶɣźϰˣ֪ϰߣլӰ󣬵һʱԸȥ׼ˮ

ԡĵİ£Լȸ˴Ĩҩ࣬ϴЪϢˣûԣȫµĶԺ

Ӫм󸱽|սǰһͼ

ָͼϵһƬɭ֣
֮һƬ֣ľߴ󣬲ľïʢȥлвٷҰޣҲһȽϴ鷳

¶ͼϵƬɭ֣˼ʾҶ˵һ˵Լ뷨

ʱۣ˾ĶսϤ˲٣
ǵһμһս
ƽʱǿƵˣսƻʱ򣬲ΨҶ𣬶ȡÿ˵ٸݴķͳﰲţϵӦָʾ

磬Ԥ̽־Ӫ̽ԷеԱڸõŻսвõĵطȷսľʤ

±ȡһ֪ͯ̽ǰ
֪ͯ޵֪֮ã޵Χ·߶κ˶˽⣬ڣ·;лʡʱ䣬

ֵĴѾ޳פãΪγٳûнޣԭһϵʿ±

ִٱӵԭʿս־ϣмĶ̰壬
ЩżûûҹĶЩ±ѵ

ֻЩȣ±̫ƣһЩ

ղʱм±򿸲סǿȣ佫˳ͻնɱʿķһĻպñ־ӪĴ̽ʱϢش£

յϢ¹ȻûʧַͻȻıѾãǺȻ⣬




18.  ϥ   үܺа񣬴ܵ

ֵȷıѾãʱҪ룬
ҪӼǰ˵𣬵ֵĴ˾ǰƴսճףõֻܱҪŮӻã֮˶Ѫˣ
ǳûƺƴ󣬴һɺǰӦսʱսϴ򶷼ңǲ˳ɱ˺һ˭ǹĿ࿴

ԣ־ٶȼʮ룬
Ϊʿ̫࣬ڱʿ㣬ʱļ±Ҵææս

˧Ϲȴ֪±δս󻼱Ƚ϶࣬ŻƳٽʱ䣬սΥΪֵµʿΪֵľӸӦģ

ֻû뵽ʱ±ľٶȴ¶㣬

ڵ֪ڲʿʱʿͻ󣬼ʱıսַ
ȱǽӭսΪԷһֲⳡս

òǰ¶޳ڣ

վСԺԻϥԻϥҲԼС̣ȻؾˣǲոһܻҪ°æĵط

ν̣ûϥֺˣԺĺòǣ

߽Ժӵʱ廤ϥͷָĥúģ

£㶣ŻϥܹȥȲѣ
пջӪпһ˳

ȴע⵽ָͷü΢壬֣
ָͷôˣ䣬ע⵽Ļϥ

ϲüۣһҲĶ׷ʣ
ģ

֪ôôţҶ΢ȣĪ˼ֲ˼
ͷ
ԻûãһԺˣȻˣպÿԣ

˵űҪȥһԻϥȴһѳ˻ӵ
żһԣ

ͷҧס촽շת˱ְԵ
עµľϲϲֱ׵һһĿµĻ

˳ƽ𣬴󲽽

߽ʱ˳ȥ

һأµĴѾҵĴϻĶ˺ѾЩȲˣ
ӣ뾩ʼˣûôУڿΪԼ֯Ļϥ±ƲסԼˡ

»ʱ䣬˽ʱң

»رԼΪҪײȥӦȥӪˣҲԼôۡ

ôţºȻ
㱾Իϥ

ϥֱҧرأҲɵ˷ŵ飬˲Сȣ̧ͷһۣת

ߣЦ

ҪȻоС׹׹һ£һůӿһپ²
ˣ

Ӧ֤ԤһҸоСʼ಻ϵĳۣ̲סӣ
̱ע⵽ֱֽ˴һ𱧽˻
ôˣҸղŶ̫ˣ

û뵽һ֣ϵѪŪƤĴֱۣ
ҷŻشϣҾǡǸˣȥĻһ¡

ԽŻشϣɫãģ
ҪʲôҸã

ҡҡͷһθ³ȥģ
ȥĽҾͿˣ

ü֣ɫҲã㲻ٵ飬ȷȥˣżѶ

һֱŵˮ»ǰҪ񣬱˳Ŵ򿪵ż˴ϰң

룬̳˽ȥ

һԸģ
ˣȥ´ȡٷȥ䡣

ԣüǰҵľֱܾӽתߣ
бڣĻֵõ㱻˷

˺䣬Ҫվϣ³ȥ
ȥɣڣ

±ߵûƢɼѩ׵أأϣ˳ȥ

æ´͸ɾߵǰ
ܼס𣿡
֪ԭÿµǼգرʹ࣬

ҵͷţһЩɣ

ĵķ£Ҵ´˸ɾѣĲ£С˳ȥ
һֱſڵţǰȥᱧ𣬼ɫûкתˣϢˣģ
ô£

ıºŵ̻ص
ŵˣձˣŮӶôգүصġ

²ģԸȥҴ򣬱£
Ҫģֻǽ㲻ˣô򡣡

øӸžС

ԣŵϣƷŵСϣ࣬
Щ

ţ
ֱֱ̧ۣӺã

һֹֻ˹ıǼ⣬

˻˶С˹ι˵㣬ԼЩ㶽Щ˯£

һµĴƶû뿪ҵСֱ峿ʱ

һ˯úʱѾûµӰ
߷ŻǩĻ

ϥˣһԾ͹ˣһȱˣúϢһٶȴ֣ܵҵ

ҲɵЦµİԵδ

Ӫߣ´һʿַ˽

ĵֵ˧ڼһʿʱЦ
ǲ̫ˣʿʮǰа壬Ͳ޻أ

üļͲһָ֧ŶϹݣƵ
ȥ磬Ҫȡͷ

⻰״̼Ϲݵǣɫһ䣬˻
ȡúͷߣǮᣬ

ɱ

˲䣬Ϲʮ³ƺƴȴڵĶϣƵַ̧ŵߣᴵ˴

߷һ룬˱ߴ۵еĴ
ûӦ˺ʱ˲㳲˳ȥһƬ

ߵһתЩǰѵһȫȥ˱ģר۾ģ

һʱ䣬һƬҽڶȴڲϵطɹȥ̶̰̣ʮ㵹˲٣

ʱһ£

ż

ǰڶϵĹ̿ʼжˢˢˢȥһƽؾףʿһŵء

ֱʱ²ŰγĳֱϹݶȥ֣

ϹͱָӰһʧ侲¶ţǿˣʮУ㱻½˴ķ²
˼һʱɢֻس
ˣֵսݣӪ£˻裬ĤݵĲУйµĴ˵ָˣ

Ϣ̻ȥ

˵үܺаðɱܵʮ




19.  Դ   һ

սܣͷժǱ˻صֱ߾˲أԪˡ

µһˢǶ֪¾Բʿͬʱֻ˵ʮΧ

ϢһΧСԴ룬˵µļɵֶ˼֡
һĻģ̾Ҳ

ԽԽңг˴ϧĶ̾Ūãܻķգڴ˫ѹ£գֱ飬̸С

˴εֹһ£˱ѻԵÿʮƥǮʮ븩׳Ƴ

˴̸УΪȥֵʹ̸йУ׵ĵһغٻֻֻ꣬Ҫһԥɽʩѹ
ǷᣬõֵʹͷۣҪ󣬾㶼Ӧô

־ʹ˶Դ븩׳Ƴϲã˵ⲻµģ˴׶׸ͣҪָ׳ƳҲģǽµƣһˣǲ˵һ

ҵ֪´ֺܵǺܸˣŵҲˣ뿪ʱµĻǩϣԵƶս˲Ϣ䣬±ΪսҲⷢ

޳İҲȸԾֵʮΧãҲ̻ãһ̶̼ձ˵ֵĴ޵İһ

˻ֵķΧЩ˻һЩµģ

֪Ǳ߸մʤ̣ͣҪæ֪࣬ô죬Ӳ»ˣ֪ôͬ˵
˵ԼֻŵһСۣʵƭ£

ԭʵڽЩò̫ˬ

⼸һֱԴϢƫգʱԺ⴫һۣģ
ȥͷʲô

ĪżͷǣӦʲô£

ʱ棬
Ⱦͷ֪ͬ˵ͶΪлүģүδҪһˡ

һӴֱЩ⣬˵ǼҪл£ӦҲȵ¿سգĻʱţйٸţ

¶Щ֣ѾˣҲҪȥ
ģױ°ɣȥȾཫ˴ǰԺá

뿪

ǰױǰֵǣ
ӲȻȾȥӼ֪ͬɣ

Ұ֣ױɣȾԽӼˣ˵йӰգ㲻ˣ
ܼ֣ġ

ԣҲ¶ұҪȥ˸󷽵ķ٣ΪԵøǿЩƫ޵Ŀ֬

ҵûܾΪţɫƽգ԰࣬ЩģͿĿ֬󣬵Եоࡣ

ĵǰԺʱһ̤ǰԺŵйɵľ

üҪѯʣȾ˹


ףʣ
Щô£

Ⱦ΢㶣û뵽
֪ͬӦǺ˵ƣŻʱʲû»ȥȥЪϢɣþ

ҡͷ
ⲻףԷӦúȵò࣬óȻߣֻӰү

Ҽһ棬˱ǣڣ¡

Ⱦһߣ

֪ͬȷЩƣ߽æͷ
¹ټ

Թ׵λϣ
ֻ֪ͬһ̧ʱɫһ

λϵŮԼһһ仪ɫѩۣ˵ǾɫҲΪ

ȾҲգĶ̴ǳ
󵨣δ˾Ҷӻòͷ𣿡

֪ͬȻ
¹ʧ

ȴͬ˵Ӳֻϣܾ콫˴ߣ
δ˽Ϊ¶

֪ͬ˶٣ǰ˵ģ
ǰЩӵ֪ү£ŮӺ֪ݴ˱Ѱ˼ɫ輧׼ʱ׸ү˭֪֪ݴΣү˾ӣսݣүû鱦үȱΨˣүۡ

һһ˲Ҳһ˲㽫ǰĿĵ

ү˵ִҵָмѰ޳輼˫輧ү

˻һһʶӦǾܾδϻδڣ
ֵ֪ͬ
үδ꣬¹ٱȽš

Ŷүͬ˵ģҵĵһӦ

£ǵһξȴҲģν輧רģʵ˿ĸָ̧Ҳǲԣ

˵֮ǰŮɫӦǲԸ⣬ⲻģֱ˺ü輧

Щ棬Щ輧ʲôӣ

ҵͷǽһƣ

ǣ֪ͬ˵֣̣輧߽

̧ͷƫϸϸĿ輧ѰŮӶȻǾɫ

欣ɫ飬ֻҪǸӣӦöѳֲסƲƲ죬ĸ輧ԭģðɣûñȡ

Ҳ֪ǲˣȻͬ£
ǿãΪһϸӣŮʱԸײġ

ҲˣַԸȾ࣬
㽫˰ȥɣүˣүһУ

˵꿴֪ͬ
δ࣬ȻѾ͵δ˱ȥɣӲʣȻЪϢˡ

̧֣ķֱ뿪Ѿæϡ

ǰԺԽԽ죬ЩϣæȰ
Щˤˡ

ȴȻͣ˲ӣƫͷ
˵Ǽ輧𣿡

һ㶣ʶ
ȷģ˶ֵ
Ůӡ

ѾҲͣ

ūҲã

ҵͷֹ
ǷΪλҪǣһ𣿡

Ѿһ㶣֪Ӧ

ǳԴˣ

Ҵɻڰʱ˷糾͸ϻ¡

²֪еɻһʲôûܣԺȾߵüûüշ¸֪±̤ҵӡ

̤ʱͷõĻϥǼأأĿģ·Ц
ǳԴ֪أ

̤ʶҪ밲ѹ£ʾȥ

ĿңĬĬͷ¡

ߵ뿴ھʲôȴȻһѼӣʣ
ģ˵⻤ϥҵ׼ǲ

һ磬ܾûþ֪ΪŻûߣĵЩԾľóһԻϥһ뵽ĸ輧رԻϥ
һһ䣬ûȵĵĻش𣬷µ
ΪʲôҪ⻤ϥ




20.  Ť   Ȼϲǵ޻ɫ

ұµŵЩļ䵽˽ϣҶ¼ʱֽס
ңˣ̫á

ţΪҪ⻤ϥ½ӷŵһԣ뽫Ļϥùȴ֣ܿ
⻤ϥҲˡ

ҲҪˣߥŻϥҪߣȻˣȥŲҪ´⻤ϥȥ裬

;úĥָĻϥ¾Ȼ輧

¶ѸٵĴһǰ̧ס
Ҫ˭

ʱί
ˡ

ҵĻϥȥ̣ȴ˼輧ҡҲÿ𣿻ҪЩ輧

ü輧ô£
ûʲô輧

Ҳţʲôû֪ͬ˵ˣæԺģ
Ȼϲǵ޻ɫʲô

Ʋ죬߷߿£һȫǲٲȻһĪҪƭҵ顣
һ٣ƺôԭ

ԣôϥΪΪ輧

ԣֱŤ죬⻤ϥҲүˡ

⸱ģºܸˣСȻ֪Դˣ
ºȻߵ£ΪԼͣ
˵輧ȷû

֪輧˭ģںδ

ҷ˸ۣû

֪ͬģҪȾ࣬Ҳ֪

˵źү輧ΪʲôҪ֪ֲźҵģ

̶仰ȴʾҼ䲻
¼ˣȴǸˣ˻Ⱦ
ĶȾͷòǺУֻԼµЩүЦ⣬ȴ춼ﵽˣ

Ⱦ಻֪һźͷȺµķԸ
Ҳ˼Ⱦö֮»µĻ˳ȴѹס

ȦңһߴȡϥһԸȾ࣬
㰲ŵǼ輧̽ǲȥ
ԺЩĪ˹˭ȫߣɼסˣ

ȾӦ£뿪ǰ۽үĵүˣ˵㽫ǲɢȥ

ʱҲϥҵﳶ˹ͷң
Ѿˣ⻤ϥܸ˰ɣ

ƫƫͷߣĵ
ˣ£Ҳûøıġ

ûסϥ¶ɲܾҹ֪ر𲻸ˣر

±ⲻĵģԽĪе
˵˵Ҫʲô

ɤЦһҪʲôԵ飬

ĬĬ̽ʲôԣ֪ԴҲҪոȣ˳ָҲ

ţ˵۽ǶЦ⣬

򴽣ԥԥҪӦһ£ڻû뵽뵽ٸ߷𣿡

£ȷҪô˱ֻҪһ£
ɤЦһҪ̫˵ı飬

һ٣ɵļһ䣬
ǡ£Щ飬⡭ֻųԳԴף¾ͦģĵ¶Уû»ῪҪ󣬸ûܵõ³ŵ¡

µͷûκγɵӦҪ
ԭ½ܸˣҲԸֺȻͬ⣬֪Ҷ⣬
ȴ򼸸輧Ƣܲˣ

һ٣Сȷϣ
ۺʱ

ף͡š

գգۣһм⣬
½ʵмֺ˵

֣ٴۺʱʺεأĪ˵£ֻҪᣬӦ
ͷ𼸷ֹС

Ҳ˼ֿģ˿İ취ǶԵģȷʵһס

ү֪ͬ͵ļ輧ǲȥһ£ܿ촫˳ȥҶ̾ү⣬欵輧˵ǲǲ

Ψ˵֪ͬɪɪүȻôҲûϵ˲ͽһҹû˾ͱǲ˳

µ˹ʴ£Ⱦһ죬
ĬĬ֪ͬһ¶˵¶ǰ˵˵˸輧ñӣ
¶ƫƫ벻ջ֪Ҷмģ±Ҳûôˣ

ôҪҪģȻԺ˭ˣСˣ㲻ˡ

ԣ֪ͬսսպյȾô򣬸´Σ㲻֤ܲյ̫ˡ

֪ͬŵãͷ֤ԲеڶΣˣ¸ԼͬţȰǧҪٲĺ󳾣նĪҪԹûѡ

¶ô޵Ϊ֮䴫˿Ҷ֪䰮ΣĪҪùͷ

ȻǩԼЩ飬²ܺӣ
ΪκȻ룬жԭ¿ûǣ֮ʱϹּƶ飬ܹռƣ
Ϲţԭ򣬷򣬵ֲڳôȻȴ֪±£Ȼ롣

³ҹϹݣõϢȴ룬Ϲֻ룬ҲֻֻʴѹһΣʤϹ֪±δѵս󻼲СŻὫʱѹ󣬲±ȴû뵽ΪܵԵɣ

ϹûõϢȻôǱ֣ȥֵ̽ԭƶ

ͬʱ´֣ܵǩԼϢ꾩
糯ϣԪ۵󳼵棬һõԼϴӦ븩׳Ƴʵ˹Ҳ

ȴֻǵһ䣬óд󳼲ɵĴ¶ԺǼɵˡ

ɢص鷿ණ
һһսԤڣ»ŮӶһм٣õʵʶ̫мֺڣ

뵽̫ӻͯ
Сȫ̫ӣ

ǣͯӦ뿪

СȫǱߵСˣ»ŮӶһ£Ԫĸģ

˴νϢݸ֣޷ǾҪ±֣ܵ׹̳
ȴû뵽Ūɳ׾˼¡

Сȫ棬֤
ū׶˵䣬ֻҪŮӣػԪūŲѣ̫ӵ졣

һʱҲ֪е⣬

ǰԪǷ
಻򸸻֤±ֻѰʱȷ




21.     㣬·㻭

ԴӷֻᷨͳԴ׷Էɢµռúֿʼµ̽żǰһ̽һµķӦ

ΪһФ񻭣ָУ
ҵĻֻĥʱĽ׶Σ⻹һθ˻ȻеС˼ò˵Һڴ
ԭȻΪµݵȷܿͦıҾÿĲλ

ʱԺʯԣ⻰һ䣬Ⱦ༸˶ʶ˹ɫ죬߾㶼һ˲תµϣ
֪»λش

ɫƽԣƫͷһۣ΢
ȫֻ

ңȫɣ
ôõģĻǶ಻㡣
ţµͷ𣿡ʣ

±ƣգգۣ

Ǿǲ˾ɤɳơ
סԺĪһЩ棬ŪͰ͵
ҪҪģҲử

¼ջ
ΪᣬŸӦû

ҭסæ֣һǲˣˡ

·£ҹ룬ú߼ˣ

¼ˣ͵Ц̧
㣬·㻭

ЦȾ༸һۣ룬үȻЦôֱš

ƫͷ룬ԼĵһҪ
ǷҪ˵

µͷ·Ҳϲ

ԣתת飬˳Ŀ죬ǷɫѰɣҾ÷ɫرÿ

üϲɫ

ҵͷʵû´ɫ˯ʱ£

Ҳһΰɴµͳ֪ǲǴҾã˵⻰ʱ򣬺ƺԴࡣ
ȵϢĶԣ̵ʶӣӦ

֪¿еİɴʲôӵģһӦ¡

ȻˣǽΪһΰɴɣ
˵ţҴᱧתߣ
Ҿһ˳ֱ̧סĲмֲõԤС

ң½˷ŵβ£תȥ¹ȡɫǰ
ɻУ̧ȥƴˣʶ̧µĶ
ȵȣ鷳ұˡ
ΪҪ£ֹ

䴽ЦЦ
ղſǴӦ˱Ҫɴģˣ


һ㶣漴Ӳƫͷ·ȡİɫɴ𲻺õԤУ

ǰɣ

¼ˣûٶͣʱֽ⿪ƴ½ϵȥ

ٻʱֻʣ·ɫǶһѶȥˣʶ˫ۻסԼƫͷҪȥұӣȴһӵ
İɴ

ĲµĺԽԽأӱĽӲе¸ԼϵƴɿԼ

ŰɫɴңȾһīɫ
ѩɫϣɫĶǶһ京ŵĺɻ毺õΣɫɴʣֱ

ұ񾪵һʶֱ̧Լ
µ֮ǰδЩˡ

ֵ̧һ˲ºȻѹ£ͷĴϵİɴﱻ˺÷顣

һҹ࣬ҼǲԼǺʱ˯ȥģΨһļǣ
̫ˣ

һĺ֢Щأһһҹûµ
ʼδģ֮ǰҲûô£룬

ЪϢգ¿ٽеľˣΪıһգ

ԣڶһ磬һۣԺбһɫӰ΢٣̧ۣ֮ʱǵɫӰǱȥӪ¡

¸ͷ
汾񣿡

ɫ£ûзӦ죬̽Ի


ţ

㴩ɫÿ

ûŰɫĺӢ뷲һ㣬

ʧЦ⸱СɫܣӴϱŵϣ
ÿĻҪ𣿡

ţ̵ͷҪѹ£ֱӱȥ˺䣬

˺䣬Ҳʲô̧ͷ£ղȥӪ

ţ㣬

ҵͷٶϴ磬ʰϣź²鷿ߡ

鷿Ѿֽͱīֽ⣬鰸棬һӣӦΪ׼ġ

ǰȥΧתתȻ̧ͷ£
Ӧư˵

ţߵߣҪʲôƣ

룬ǰղعһ

һλºɣϵĺӵɫ˫ͫԼɫĺβֻƹһۣǺɿɫ˫ԣ°һκɡ

Ƭ̣תȥԸȥѰһɫùȻϣ£ʼָ°ơ

һһºɵˣһȣ̧ĽŴһߣбһ࣬ȡһ֧ɾǺסֽ̧ؿڵ߳˳
¶ǣȴϣһѪɫ룬ĺԵЩҡҡ׹ҿһ̲ס

ر𣬡

ӽ˽̧ѹס֣ͽȻֿµǿ룬
ܺÿǴС𣿡

¶˶٣أ
ţС

ҵͷû׷ʣתص鰸ǰʿʼһߵ
㲻Ҫޡ

ļʱҿʼ̽µĵߣ
һΣ˰ʱȻһͣߵߣװ
ոնˣһ̣

Ҽƣתص鰸ǰ¿ʼ
´۱ƹ֣üû˵

ֹ˰ʱҵڶͣ±ʣߵߣü
ô͵͵ˣҪ»

һΣµȣһתص鰸ǰ
ʼûһ˿һ¶¼ߡ

һֿʼһΣһʱ±Ҳգöһʱһη±ʣʼʩߵǰʱ˵
ֶˣ
رζ

һ٣գգָۣµǵ
סǿźˣ

˵ֽǴɢļͷӨ׵ָ⻮µǣһУ

սȭͷҧأſѹס

ûע⵽ص鰸ǰԼµĻѾι̣ȴûκεĲͣ

м⣬϶ͣȴл㱣ûע⵽Ѿվ

Ͱѱ




22.     ôÿ˵۾ͱӻĶ

һǺʱ䵽ǰֽϣֽĺī
ҡѽһæҵķֽϵǺȥֽϵīΡ

Ѿˣɫīǵֽϣ׻ҿҪɵĻ
ҿյĻߺߵĻͷ£
ͻȻ

һ٣ԹֵѵĬĬ֪ôӻ
»
̽

ԣƲƲ죬
ǻˣպ˵ɣ

ʵǾԼ׾ӣòãǲ˵ĺã̽½ܶȵĿҲѾﵽ⻭컭ûʲôνˣԺٻɡ

ϱī˵Ļִֿ飬Ե˵ͷ
У´ٻ

̽ҶĿǰ̶һЩȣϸһ£գ¶ƿضȷʵɢЩ

ˣ΢˿غܿ죬¶ƿࡣ

꾩ϸ

գڼŶȴſڱӦﵲ˻ȥֱ޴սִܵӦųſڵˡ

õɵֵɵ飬Ϊһֱǵã֮ǰ˵Ǿ仰
Ӧȳģ
˿ɣûеѹ෴ģĵף˼ָˡ

˵պٻʵдʣû뵽պʱʱһ죬ĶΪĻҪô˼ΣŪЩ˼ˣ
ǲ»ĻЩȥһ㣬
ο»ҲܲΣ
д˼κڻǵֲסµĥˣһҿɲ»һʱοͺ󣬻ƺҪȥ

ңĻʵǲΪ˻ФϣҾĹټ±֮ǰұϰϰС

ıֵĵһ󣬵Ǻܿұ㷢֣ŮϣкܴĲͬΪĶƺ̫ʡ

йϡ

ļˣԴתת۾Ȼһ
ԸԺС˻Ф񰡣

ԺСô࣬߰ݶУһ飬⻭Ŀ㣿

һ٣ԺСˣ
죬ģȥүģ֣

תͷԸʹѾˣ
ǽīֽӸҰᵽԺȥ

˷ֹܿ죬һĳӱ˰׵

ԺүһߵСȫļϵһվԺ룬̣мɻ

ǰ̧ɨǰһĵ˵ͷô˹ϰӦҲˡ

һ׼׵ָһվԺм䣬ʴִִһۣͷһ߻һ߶

վ˰

ǵһôŵûӲҲᣬҲˡ

Ҷ̶һ磬һˣÿһФ񣬵Ҷ⣬ܾãﲻԾ

ĵһ۷ЩФĹ֮ȵ
ôÿ˵۾ͱӻĶôүӣÿһŶһ

ҶһȻԣ续ФУıӣȻһģһ

̵ֱָһͦΣ

ҷԼħˣôὫµıӰ˵ϣ

ӱʵһҽеĻȫֽţƵǰ
ȥ˰ɣ

ʵûǱӿǻ˾裬

Ұ˰֣ʾϽȥյ

ֻñһֽ뿪ĬĬ룬һ磬ܰүıӻ˾磬Ҳûջ

´ӾӪĲЩԣ
ϣʢŵǰ
ôˣ

գգۣҡҡͷ
ֻǰЩۣ

ԣϢЩ
ǾͲˣФҲҪҲԣǲ㣬ţ

ҡͷ£ФҺܿĵģԺһעģ

ţؾٻҲ١

ԣһ٣תͷ£ʣ
ǿؾ𣿡

ףţٹգӦܻؾ

㣬ǰµףӦʮұܻؾؾǰ»һФӦû⡣

˰£޵ʪҽ˼ţҪѰʦΪʲôǻФ

һգ

ֻΪ̽һ²˳ݸϵԣԸҵĸ븮ʱѾܹµ·ˣ֮ǰסֲ֪飬Ҳδһʱ޴Ӳȴļ

û뵽ջ

һλϲ˵ӦﵱʱǱĻ¥ͷƣȴӲӿͣ뵱ص׸ǧǺĵѣ׸ǧ޸ĳ뿪˵أͬһʱӻ¥伣û֪ȥ

ٻʱ㱧һСޣã㱻׽ӻ꾩

ûв鵽ʲôЧϢ

˼ȥӸͻƿڣЩջ
һ£ȥ鷿Ѱ

븸ǵ״ƲСʱ飬ͼ׵ķϵǣײû˳˵йСʱ£Ҳ޷ϴ
һ̽ʧ顣

ûзȴڶλᣬþոף

ܿһѰ˻ᣬѽڣ蹬ȺȥڻظϣһԼͯ꣬һΣûб̸ܶϸһ̾Сʱ飬

Ӹ׿У֪ڶµΪʱһˣãӣһ˴ص磬ײʱĸ游׻˾

֪һϢϲֻҪҵʱΪˣ±һĿȻˡ

ûе飬ܿǰݳǣ֮㾲Ϣ

ޱԺȥѰʦѰȴûѰʵģƸ˸ʾȴٳûӦƸ
գҴļȥͷһ䣬ΪѾܣ޳ڽָ֮ǰķұȥ档

˭֪ûȾ༱Ҵ
ӦƸʦ

̸ȥſڣһ·һֱѯλʦȾȴֻ
¿ǴӸڵԺģӦסڸڵģֻǲ֪Ϊ֮ǰδ

˵䣬ѾִſڣȾеλʦһλƮƮǫǫӣ֪ôҾм죬

Էعͷҵʱһ

˲Ǳˣ游ͽ֮һһֺû




23.     ҪΪɱˣɱˡ

΢죬û뵽˵ˣֻ游鷿Σζ游˵ʱܻҡͷ̾ϢԭҲ֪

ռҳǰ뿪꾩Լǵãȥˡ

ֻû뵽ˡ

ӦƸʦ

΢һ˲漴ͷ


ף
Ӳض񣬡

л̧ͷٿʱ۾΢
˼ŰƸʦ֪ǷңΪ󣿡

һ٣漴ڣ
֪ǷûФ񣿡

˲ţ˻Ǿû

ҵȻ֪óʴ˻߸ˣϾԭɲ֪ó

ˣȾ֧࣬Ƹһ컭ʦ
˵ת뿪õʱ

ԣ΢㶣źֻƸһأ
ôƯŮӣܶ࿴һ졣

Ⱦ˷Ըǰм飬
ӣ鷳̧һ¸첲

Ⱦߣ

ӣ롣

߽ǰԺѾ˲ãҵڻ԰м䣬ǰ棬ʱһ̨
̨ϥôߣķΡ
̨ϷһĻܣԱߵϣһȫµıīֽ⣬иɫϡ

ʮվڸ̨ϣǽĲˡ
Ⱦཫ̨ϵĻǰ˵ҵ
վ·ʾʮƽ
ӣǽҪĶҪʲô㾡Ҫ󡣡

ãȻĿ۶ʮɻʣ
Ҫ˵Ļ

һ㶣֪ˣæ
˼̨ϻǣ̨ƣ֪Фôˡ

»㶣ôرĽڷʽǰֻһΣʦŮù
Ҳֻһ˲Ļ񣬻˵ͷ
ע⵽һ˲ΪǵһμķʽҲû룬רĿ

ȷǰ׽еģ̶̰ӱһФǰġ׶Σɫ׶Σ
Ҫѧϰıɫ׶ΣδФÿһطɫȫûʲô
֮ʱѾΪФ񣬵һ£תңѯʣ
֪ʲôѯˣ

ԣҲǺҡҡͷ
ӻˣûʲôɻ󣬱㲻ӵʱˡ

ʱ䲻ˣȾ࣬汾뿪

˵űת뿪̨ϵȴȻڣ


һ٣ͷѯʣ

֪ûңһФ񣿡
Ҿȿû뵽ҪҪܾߴһͣ
ǻ̫ˣ·ϣð

º߽䣬Ķ̨ϵ
Ƶͳˡ

Ժ˼£̸
μү

ȴֱߵȾǰ彣ֱ̨ϵ̣Ĳϱһ˿Ѫۣȴûֹ̧ͣһŽ߹ڵϡ
ɫսı壬

򵽵ʱһ£ŵɫ԰ףŵĴݾʧģ
ǲԽˣү

Ҳ״̬ŵˣæܹȥɻûӽ㱻ºס
ҲҪ

أĶŶңҽסӣ

ʱ£޷ԼΪһһԼǰˣ

ôңôСҪФ¿ĵһۣ㽫ҵͿһصúܺá

Ҳǵһμ˵£ɫĺˣ̿ˮͼ£
ûдӦФǻȥԷ˷Ϊ㻭Ф񣬺𣿡

һ˵ߣ۾ĶķӦȻֱ

ȴֱӺĻ˿ԺΨһͷǣɱǰСˣ

ѰˣǾԲκġ
ĸоɢɱû뵽˵ķħ

Ϊ˱̸˿ͷ
ðү

ĵȴӴ̼µħһ̣ԥľĽϵ

ҳûע⵽ʱѾŲµ¾𽣵һ̣£ҪֶĽ

ûԤԼλãȻֹµĶȴʶһѣˤ˸̨£
ֱ˵ϵСʯϣҲײ˵ϣһĹͷѵ

ۣ۵ǰһƬڣЩʹ˹ȥ
ļ˱һĻŵþУ̳嵽ߡ

ô

Ȼʲŵħѹһ˲Ƶȥߣ˫ֽڻ
ˤĶˣ

ҵĽϵ¼һ飬ȴˤĶ
Ⱦ࣬ȥ򣬿죡

ǣȥȾ̳ȥ

һѣκ󣬲̧ۿ£
ҪΪɱˣɱˣԡ

̫ˣһ۵Ӷʵڼֲסô˹ȥ

µ˲ʧѪɫֻзӿʲŵıʧһһĻң




£ôҴ۽磬ԭүҲһ档
˵þòƽ

Ⱦãպҵݳҽõǽһ·ظģʱ
Ѿ±غԺ޷ˣԲѣؿڻȾ඼ҪΪѾȥˣ
ү޳ҽõ򡣡

Ⱦش¶˵ֱӽᵽߣв
ϽҪβãԴҲҪˡ

հѱȾˣתֱᣬѾŵ˫ֲҩʱҩ䣬ɵֹ
ҪǽϷˣ˭λ
鿴һˤʵᣬܵײһ飬Ҳˣ΢ۣ

Ұ󣬲׼ʩ룬
׿飬Ѫ뼰ʱͨУ
һʱƣ룬
ϷѪķӣȥ˸ι£գмǣ⼸ղŲӣΧҲ̫ӣ򣬻аˡ
Ծӹȥץҩҩ

µͷԸȾ࣬
ڱԺǰ򲻵뿪

ԣɴۣ
үǲϷ򲻳ɣ

ûڿҵ֣

Ⱦǰ
ү˼ǣһиʲôҲüʱҽΣ˵ǲǣ
үһ⣬

Ⱦ뿪㳹װ
˿ͷҵ֣Ķüۣˣ˿ȴɫ԰׵ڴϣĴҲһѩףµģ
ȻƵ

Բ𣬶ֱƲԼźˣ
´δħһջẦСˣ

Ϊͣ꾩Ǳߣھ˼պյ˴Ϣ
˵Ϣ֪궨޳ţûǰָĵصӣ
˿׿˵ڶݳһ£ƾģصϢ󵨲²⣬

ûпܣļǵһμ棬ڴ֮ǰǱ˴˲ʶ
£޷ȥҸ֤ʵܿ϶ǣ
ѪԵϵ

ôǿѹµǷݸ飬ܹ˵ˣ
ݺݵһ

ˣձ㽫Ӫе񽻸ΪҵĴߣÿԸպ˫֣κ¶ûмˡ
ԭĻؾӣҲ˵˧лؾúлؾ

϶ֻҪձȴջر尾
ÿձһ£ҵĶĬԲⲻ𣬸ҲԼԺһҪԼħ

һ˯գԺΣ´үֻۣ˵պ򣬻֪ȷѪأ
ھΪֹɱˣӰ¶ͷΪҵ죬Ƶһ㲻ɱҲİ취

ձ±ŵʱûϳ£ʱ侲ϸ룬ż£
ûǴĻλҲʦͽܣֻ¶֪˲࣬ҲżȻײġ

ʱʦΪһЩ˷磬ʦһӣʦţҪߣ
ʱǸѱӣϲɹˣˤȥŻҲȥʦ鷿Ҫ߳ʱЩʦĽ̻壬˻ģߣ֪صʦ鷿棬ɼǰʦ£
һΪʦ

ʱϴɫʦȻЦúܿδʦϼɫ
οģ͵ģ

һһ֮ת뿪
û뵽ôȻٴ£Ȼս

뵽ҪҪ£Ⱦ
ҪүүҪϢүңڡ

κ½սϣȾԴҲʱйصȥ

Ⱦ࿴ƶ飬ûжӴúٸүҲ١

룬գһµﶼرĽƣ
ҸϿˣ

ͳ侲ˣˣȴҲûбֳ˿Ψвĥɰҵָ

ֻнƣļҲûиһԭĬĬӣֱʱ֣ȴûκҪļ

վûס˹
Ϊλûѣ

ȴߣߣ룬ղǻû𣿼ʲô


ƿҵƤۣİɣѵģ˰һЩţˣҲˣϾ˯ˡ

ԣæӦ£˵ǣūȥ׼

ƶüҪ˵ЩʲôвĻ֮ǰ˻ȥ

ֱɫǨƣǶµʱҲ

ʱ¿ڴͷҵһ˫裬ĥɰհȻ

һۣоԼСֱһ˫У˳ָһȥ̲ס˶ָʱָ˫Ʊ㽩סˣ

Щһû

һָĹ˹µģ
ҿڿʣˮ

һŻżģȽҷڴͷ˸߸ߵȥߵˮ

Сĵιߣ
ЩСǺ

˯գ͸ɬѣˮЩȲһʱԼϵˣҪֻ̧űӣ

Ҷһֱעʱֻ̧ε
һЩϵ˱㲻ˡ

ŷ˶ιˮЩ

·±ӣ̧˲ǣ
Դ۲ۣ

ҡͷۣιȥ֮ǰ£æͷ£
ûɱӰɣ

¶ʱһ




24.     үôŮһ

ɫ̫, ֪Сɱ˶ʣʱˣ»Щ, 
㶼ιȥˣĻ˵ɱˣ

μ, βЩζ, 
ԣĬĬ, ȻԼһ͹ˣռô׵˵, ¾ˡ
԰׵Ĳ˾䣬 
ŶûɱУҪ˼ҰΪҶ, Ҿ, 

Ŵ, С˵ţﻰⶼɱ, ԼȫȻû뵽, Լڴϣ˯գΪ¡

۽׹׹һ˿ʹԣֱ۴Ҹ´, ӵ
ⲻ⣬ǱĴˣ
ƲԼħƲҪɱжС֮ĵˣŻǣСˡ

һ㶣ãգգۣӦԣʶˤˣħойˣ
Ҳ˵ʶԼƿЩǿˣ

ָ˶һĬˣˡ
úúˣʶƿ̫ǿ¶Ĳá

뵽ŲŲԴ
ĪҪûµģۡ
˵û£ȴǡôüǰӣ

Ȼ¼ˣֻ̧Դʣ
Դˣ

˻ۣЩǵģ
ʱһ˿һĲ˵һδģ

Ϊҵۣܵȴ޷ȥܣЩۣȴΪ¡
ֻ̧Դָ׵˴
Щ

ᣬ״ȦȷЩͷֱϣ۾
µЩģƬ̺󣬱Ըȥٿһ£

Ұ۲һӵĸӦΪҩ
ʲôҲ룬׵˰ɵúúС£ƽʱʮ±Ȭ

ҹԹԵͷϣþһЩ

˳ȥһϸϸѯһҵ뿪ǰһؾ
ԣæ˰֣
Ϸ޴ˣϰ߲꾩үϷү뾩

üֵ
ֻҪ汾뾩κԴӦ㡣

һ˲Ĭã̽
ϷүϷѰһˣүҲӦ
ףȻҪʲôˣһ

¼뾩Ϊʶ˵ҽϵĹƶ޿ɿ֮ΣܹϵĶ

ԣҲˬĴӦ뾩

˵תҵ޷ȥʱιҺ࣬
̧ۿ
𣿡

ߵߣӹ룬Ҩһιߣ

ļˣĵ˳ȥţͷĴѾ˼
ôˣ

ģûʲôˣүιأҾûٴˡ

ͷǰүǸģֹ
үĺ⣬үǸģһǵһμ
ɲү粽¶֣

һ߸̾һߵԺţϡ±׾ĶУһ࣬»Ҫæڰ֣
Ҫˡ

ԣ´룬˲죬ʰһԵ

Ҽˣ΢٣סҪֹµĶʣ
û˵ʲôʱ´
ſȥ˵ģ

ҡӵһ٣
Ǿƣ

ҡͷŻأ
ǣҾǡЩؼҡ

˵꣬ϸϸĹ۲µķӦȻ
ȷʵǱ⻰ִһģˣٹգǱ̻ؾڣ̻ؾӣֻӡ

Ĭ˻²Ű
˵Ե農۲죬ƶʱգȶЩˣǱ̻ؾ

վɹԹԵͷȻ֪ؾдȶ⻰Ҫ

ôЩ

̧ǣסµָ
Щˣ˯ɣ

̷ӣ£漴£ļ
˯ɣ

ҼûѣҲûʣܲµӦǻҪ

֪˶ã˯뿪

ȾԺţ³æӣߵߣŵ
үҪ˵ҪϢ
¼ɫƶѵӣ㽫˿Ѻ˲񷿣

³ĬƬ̣
ţ˴鷿

ǣȾתȥˣ

ҹɫԺ鷿ȴƻͨǰͷ˷ź⴫ϡĽŲ
Ⱦ˿ţ

үѴ


¶ǰͷҲû̧

֨һӦƿȾһ̧ۣ㿴ˣ
ձģȣյĺ壬䣬䣬
һ£

ȴãΪ֪ԼҪ˵ĻһȤ

̧ͷȾˣʶһ˿ɱ⣬һΣѹȥޱ鶢ǰˣ

˵Ŀ⣬η壬ֱӿżɽ
ʦ֪үȨƺ͵λȪ֪Ҳͦοģ֪үɱԼͬʦ֣֪ʲôӦ

䣬Ԥһɫ䣬
˭

½ǰˣţ˻ͽһ££Ӧеڶ֪
°ݻΪʦ˻ἰ븸ĸ͸躴С׺Ը±ĸɳϹ̵λԼİʦ
ʼգû֪Ĺŵʵ
¶ʦҲ˽⣬ȷţǰˣû

ʦŵӣ˵үҪƱһʦء
ü

һԵȾ࣬𾪵죬Щ꣬īһֱڲ黤ıһ£֪ү˻ŵһʱǻ£үؾ󣬸īʱ

û뵽£֪үǻͽܡ

ºȻʦʱżһʦ֣ÿÿ𣬱ҡͷ̾Ϣȴδ˵Էֻ֣Է˱δһֵ˲š
ԭʦ뱾ˣ㣬

һʶʣ
ʦүң

Ȼαƭ㡣

Ĭ˻ŵ
ʦӦҺܶΰɣ

΢٣֪Ϊĸо

δ

סǾòţ૵
ôأ

Ϊ˾ȣԵ޹ʵģʦΪҪ
Ȼʦ̾Ҳˣ˸־ǿ󲻵á

֪˶ã̧ͷ£Ȼ
ү֪ʦıһ£ЩΣ

һ㶣ֱֱ
֪ʲô

꣬´δѯıһʱԶڱ߹أ·;̫Զʦ˽ѵʱδõһ˿һϢΪԪۻɽԪȴ׵ɱʦһҳʹ䣬

´Ӳʦı

飬֪Ҳ˽²̽£
үʦѳıЩǴȻӱϿЩҴûʲôͬϸϸ۲֮±ܷ֣ЩøֲģǳҴ룬ˣ乤ҲҪıãһӵһ

Щ꣬ĴΣΪҵ뵱Ƶĸֲģ

²о͸ˣǵã
ûǴʦǰ뿪꾩ĺȥˣ
¶ûʲôӡ󣬳ʦż²δ

ԣ΢٣Ƕ˶û˵

ʵʱȥȷʵڶձ㶯뿪꾩ĴΣʦ꣬ɵɽϲɷ磬ɽŵ֪ʦ£ϻ꾩ʱѱң죬ҹǱ˹ٸѲıƲ±֮

¼ԣҲûĻ
ϳֵıȷǴԵ֣˴ֽս鿴˶ԷıȷԵ֡

ԣݺһе
ԣǷʾʦԩˣ

ҡͷ
˼򵥣һ£ֻע⵽ʦıһ£ǹ׶۵ȴܿ죬òɣУ˹ʩѹ̲Żᶯ֮죬

ʩѹˣݲ򵥣ߣͨѹ֣Ⱥ

ϸϸɵͷ
Ǹô

һ٣ƽ
õ֣߳

ʵлɶֻʱû֤ݣ
ԣ漴ֵ
үõĵطҾƴǣ
ü͵
챾õĵط
һ㶣εĳ˳ǣûʲôȺãϲƯŮӣƯģҪ˻һФ񣬹Ҳһ񫣬

£Ҳһ¶

˵վڸ̨ϽڻķȥСʦùү˵ɲɣ

һ٣еСʦã˻ǧ𣬱ʦĺܺãܳ裬ȴûôλСʦá
ȷʵЩɡ

ֻһ䣬ûжӾᡣ


Ѿòε游ĸˣȴȻ￴ǰ游ˣӣ游Ц棬ů飬ˣЦЦű
̫游ˡ

´鷿ߵߣС۽ǻһ飬סĴָȥ飬
㵽μʲô
ﻪ ס
죬˯ѵʱ򣬷һۣȵϢһͷȥǰÿ£վ˯С

ת˸ϸϸ˵˳ɻҵ˽Ĺ۲£˯£ʵûлᣬ
𴲵ʱ˯ţҲû۲Ļᣬ۵˹ȥ

ҴսϸµӣȻ̣ϵƤҲЩɫƫǰ׾࣬Լصֱȥţµķɫķɫ¡

Ҿ죬̲סսϸԱ

ĲథҾ۾Ӷˣ
²Ǵ˼̰ɣ

ҿ̫棬ûע⵽ü۾ʱûüӦͷײĺУ˾һ㶡

Ȼ񣬵
˯ÿɺãԴ۲ۣɤųɳƣˮ

գգۣԹԵ
ͦõģۣ˶٣ֵû

¶˶٣Ƶ
㣬

Ūɫ΢죬ڵĲ˲ӣȴͽȻס
һ˳Ƶסµؿڣ

¼ɫ΢죬жٿοЩС죬˹ȥĴǣ

ϤĲϢϮ±ֻȴ͹С˱㲻˿
챧ã϶»СϺͺ׵ˣƣԣͣʱҲŲԼ˶ſµϣţ

㶣æҪȥȴס
𶯣һĹĺѹһߥ˵󣬻

ֻýſϣµĶɫ̷Ѽӡ

죬²ŻŻشϣƿ𴲣ϥʱʶ£ֹ
ôȥˣ

𴲵Ķļ˶ϴˮŽϴ

Ҫյϰϴ㱻ˣ
ȥɣǣ

⻰ļһۣ漴£
ڴҲһʶҪסļˣδüڣ±Ŵʪߵǰ

һʵЩϰߣҪֽӹ¶㿪
ˣҶ

̧ס°ͣƫƫͷȲ˲ҵǳᣬ
ͷˣĲãһ˿˿ɬȺ

֮ǰѾСΣˣ裬Ҳ֪ԷСƤ

ΪҲգûн˫֣һһָͷϸϸĲ

ļ˼һĻɸ̾үôڷŮһ




25.  谮   ҩţС

ϴ, ļ˳ͭ裬ţ
·ҿڴͷ, ɶιң
ųĶ, ҩ, л΢΢ҩ㣬İ, ҩŵ˸ʳЩ
̲ס̿ˮ

ʢյߴ˴, ˣЦ
ˣ

޹ĵͷ۾գҲգĶ¡, 

²ɵʧЦ, Žյߣ

һںס, ºϸϸζһ, ˫һ
ͦó, Ҳһڣ
ڴĿ¡

üҨһιߣȥ⧲Ĵ˻ɨպҩŵĿǻ˵ҩζ, 
䲻У˲佩ֱӣ

ԭһԵļ˼ˣ̱ȥװûп
ȴ룬үʱ⸱ģˣ
ֳ˻ֱ˿
ҪҩŲӣˡ

֣ҧЩ

Ҳɵʱµ̣̺ŵĽӲϻ

֮Ұ繾ţͻɧЩɬĳţ㿪ʼûȥ
Ѿ͵ûˣܲ͵ɣѾûˣȥɣ
գգһۣڴĿ£

߰ɣ߰ɣҪٴȥ˵ЩʲôصĻ°Լˡ

ǲСĺˣһŸߵģɵĬĬԼڲ̹˳Ļ˵ͷ뿪ǰ
ҪǾﲻʣһҪ֪ͨɼǵã
̵ͷһԹɵģ

ͷת뿪

Ŀ뿪󣬶ʱһתͷ㻽Ľ
ԸȥҶôţЩģ
ҡͷܾ
ū澿ɲҶƣ˵ˣҪԴ

ǡôţİ

ǡҪū澸ӣ


ңҲаɣ
ȥ

ǣûһҰͣ£ʣ
ûˣ

Ķ˶٣ãȻⱾ𣿡
ͷ飬˵ƹõܹСǵϲ

ǳ˳飬һʱûӻֻ˸ģ
˼ǣⶼʲôĪ飬

ģһ븻Сమһ˽Ļӣͷ˵һ黰ûʲôӪʱȴûġ
ū澻һ

˵űⱾתȥõڶ

Ұڰ֣ʾĲˣһܲµõڶҲǲġ

ǰԺ鷿ߣ·ܺ˲֣ЩһС᲻ˣһСһ˴Ż᲻ģ
Դװ˶Сĵģװǰľ

һοܺȴСͻȻܺ߳鷿ԸһߺŵȾ࣬
鷿ͷܺӶᵽԺģҲ͵Ǳߡ

Ⱦ΢㶣漴ͷӦ¡

תҵԺߣ

Ⱦ࿴үıӰ𷽲үķԸһʱֻ𾪣үȻҪ߲ˣ
ֻԺȾ౧үܺԺߣ׷ͣ˲໥Ʋ

үǷĲҪŷ𣿡
û˵˵Ĳᣬ
үҲ̫ˣ̶벻

ҲϲӣĥҶƣͷԺȻһ밲
ү



ʱһ˲Ǹ뿪ôֻˣ
㶼䣬Ѿ˽

ļæһɨɢż໰ӣüȥ˷ݣ΢㶣ƫͷС
ϲЩ

סĪü߳ܣԼô߳ܵ飬ûüҡͷ²ڴϣ

Ǳ

æֹҲϲôˣˣ
ܰɣ룬жæ֪ģ

ʱȾ౧һܺ˽
үܺˣ

⻰һ䣬̵ɴ۾£ŵ
Ҫﴦ񣿡

º飬ͷ
ţ㣬

ϰ֣
ҺܺãĪҪңҪΪӰͲˡ

һ٣ƫͷ
ᣬ㣬Ӱ졣

һϣֹôֲ˵

ȾĬĬĽܺŵϣʾļȥĪҪү˳ˡ

¾ôҶȹ˰ҵӣ
ȷӺõĲˣ²׼ؾˣ
׼ؾˣ꾩ǱߣĴ󲿶ҲѾҪִ꾩ϢѾ˳Уǣδ沿ӻ꾩֪Ǻԭ

ϸϾ뿪꾩ʼĺǣòż˱Զȥ߾زģүƽֶǺæܲǣ
ԣ֪үδһؾʱһͻһȥͷ̽Ϣһ߽ĵȸ׻ظ

ɽϾſһȦһȦδ׻ظǼ
Ͼ浵Ǽˣǰʣ
õϢ

ڹӼգ֪յĶͷ

æͷü
үģ

ѧһ·˵ЩϢΪϾ浣ֵ
δ־Щ׽ӰϢԼš

ԣϾ浲ƽЩü仹δƽ
ʱһ

˻ͷȥһǳɫ۵ӣһţ

̧ͷϾһ㶣漴߹ȥȵ
ôʱˣ漴븸׹£ֵҵϢ

µĳ򸮵Ķӣ
ӵͷŵݸ
үһʱ̳˹֪żŸ㣬

Ͼ浣ص

Ͼ浽ӹţ̴򿪿һĿʮп꣬Էģϲתŵݸ
˵û£ֻӲӣ

ϲŵĳһɨգ

ӹţɨۣ͵͵Щƣ̫ߣ
Ͼϰ¶ӣûĲͬתͷл

ллһˣˡ

ڰ֣
£˳·¶Ͼ浣żֱɬȣ

ϲϾ浣ȻǼ治ֻ࣬żүʱǾϾ浺ܺÿǣģһӣѾҺʵʱ䣬ĸΪס

Ŷ˿Ͼ浵ֻ÷꣬ͻȻǰһסĿ⣬ޱ
лܹţ㻹Ҫ飬ͲܹˣˡԶ͡




26.     Ҳû£žͺá

һ۱㿴Ͼ浴зǷ֮, 
رˬ䷳꣬ǰ, 
˵껰ûϾ海Ӧ, ֱ۱㽫Ժﳶ, ֮Ͼ浸û취, һ·ǰԺ

ǰ, Ͼ𾢶һ˦ɻ
, κȻҽ, Ǵţ

Ͼ˵űҪլſ, ȴһαס
, һнеô, ʲô
ɫݡ
Ͼһ٣ͷ֪ǲǴ⻰Щ֡

Ͼ浣ҽΪ, Ұܵܣһ

⻰ȴ֪ɫѿˣŲӣ
˭Ҫһĵܵܣ

Ͼ΢٣ǲԸܵܣˣε
УҵܵܣֻǣҲ̫ûˣôܾ

סĵ׵ĻЩҪǿѹ£»ʱ

һ
УȥͬǸͱȥˣ

˵ҲϾ浴𲻴Ӧת㳯ߣ
һݵĽϾߣһ㶣Щͷԣǡǵ˲ɣ

ɻ䣬ԳȴǡôЦ⣬׼δСǰ˵˵û

˭һ߹ɫȴɲݣ񿴳һߵֺô˿ǣ
ͬϾ˵Ǹģʵģ
ܹӻȥɣԺҲҪҽ㣬˷飬

һʱʧ侲侲һ£ʵΣ㲻˽⸸ڹϵΪ˴ȴ˽ģ򲻿ŵģԼµġ

ԣһһ£ȷԹģԼдһ£Ҳġ
ΪģȻܼϾһ档
֪ԼµòЦһ
ܹߣ

ת뿪

˼ҲûƤٺֻɥȥ

ˣҲɻ˼֣


ԺſڣؾĶѾ׼׵֪ͯ޺֪ͬλһһվ⣬һͷ
㣬±ԺԵæҴҵͷܿ

»Ҳ˼ĺ§ס²ӵֽߥס·мζҪ

ǰұҪԼ߳Ѿڴϴ˰ˣ´ϼȦˣ߳ˣǺ˷ܵģ
ֻǵûʵ֣½ݺ˵ֱӱ㽫˳ȥ˵ʲôҪ·

ԣһĻ

½ұ̶Ѹٵ˳ᣬʵǵڱ˱̫߳ˣ֪˵ˣ֪ĻΪѳء
֪ͯ˰ҪߺˣĵϹŸڣն˯ãֱΧʱˣ

½󣬼򵥽˼䣬Ҳ
˴λؾʱż±δУϵ˲δȬģͬҪЩ

ҹؾصϻмֱ죬ûɢ£ƼϵĺΣΪһѱϥţü
ô˺죬ǲ

ҡͷûֻЩȣһˣ
һֱ׷ʣæתƻ⣬
𣿡

ţ㣬

˵䣬Ⱦͷػ
үǱѾźã㶯ˣ
µӦ

֮ζŵķʻȥ֪֪ͯͬһ·˻ͳǺ󣬲Ĩ˰Ѻˮһ



ãһ·򱱶У

̺ĵգإűҵһл֮ǣ
һļʻʢɫεĶУ
һԭҼһǽԵϣһȦΧŸɫʻ

ŵĿջˣ

һ̽ͷƼĽУͫһ˿棬
ǵһμƯĵط

½ɫ۵ף䣬
ʵٵߣȻǲᾭǵģ
Ըģطˣ
ԭޱԺΪС̻ؾżȻе֪طžǰؾ;ƵǣС

Լ˺󣬱Ͽƽ죬ʵżоѣμСſǿҪ뿪


Ҳ֪ԸƵģ±³ֱ׷ʣ
ҼǵáʱǺû߹ǻ·𣿡

Ķδͣͷϵñ

ҵͷ
û뵽볯ôĵط

ϲ𣿡

ҵͷһε
ͦƯģ

һס
˵дȪﲻɫѣȻȪЩʱȥƣ

ԣԴԷɽʻδ侳
ͷɻ
ôȻ뵽ˣӰ·𣿡
΢٣ͷ
ˣ


㶣漴ӦǰЩӦҲؾˣˣ㽫¸׵Ժ
˴£
¼һ±ƣ֪û·ϣ
Ҳû£ţ




27.     ʱѧ

ҹɫ, µգ
ʻȪݸվ, ǰľ󣬾ŴС, 
û뵽, б֮иƯĵط

ľɫѰģ, 쾧Өѩѩҡҡ, һ⾳
֦ӳ£һͤͤһˮ, ð, ɵģԻƮɫ, ڻ֮ã

ɽȼ΢Ʈ, ݸŵһ˿滨㣬ʹ̲סȥЩѩ, սƣŷѩѩ滨
֪ʲôԶԼ棬
.
ݸָƬ滨, ȵ
Ȼ滨أһǵһμôѩ滨

ֱϲѣ΢

е棬ѩֻȴǱཫΪ͵ľã
һ˵ţߵͤߣ

һ߽ҷƼƮϸϸ滨ʶ
Ƿ˵ȪЩɣ

˫תתôǰȪ죬ʲôȻȪ

µͷ
ڴôЩӣҲӲãһݣⷦɻɻǣ

գգۣǰĳӣֹ
ӿЩҲȥ

⻰䣬ʧЦѣ
һݣɲһݡ

µıǼ⣬һδӦǰʵֻ㣬һ̤ǰȪء
Ȼת֣
ɣ

⧲Ƽӣ΢ȣ˶
ȻǷԼݰɣûдɾѹ

˴γǶжûд̴Ů
üرߣͳ
ˣ

û뵽µԼĵ뷨εʶһ
ǡ

ȴֱ̧סϸһʹ㽫ұȪ
ͻȻûзŵ䱧ӣ˳סԼӣ

ͨһˮµĻʪ˸͸

ˮһֲ̧ϵˮ飬һ۱
µƤȣŨҵϢѬˣһֵµļ߷ߵ
ôأ

ͷԼʪ͸ѣƲƲ죬ί
ûѻһôȥѽ

ĺԣ˹ǣȥƴ
һ˱Уʲô⣬

һ˲ϵѱ㱻½˸ɾֻº㣬ϸϸĶǶϵҡҡ׹·һ˲ѣĪֶ˼
Ҳڵ΢˲ӣҪµĻܸоɣôȥҪ²Զãϧ£õգôܷԼĻ

ҲŲ˰ӣûüһ㱻һ§˻ɫУ̧ס°ͣȥ

ʶסµļˮ£һ㱡ĺΣԵøӽΣ

¿˻˿Щӣ䣬˷۵ģϸֽ˽һθȥһΣ׵øݣ

ҷ˿ûЪأ˵Ĵһѹ˹ּ͵͵ĺߺ˼ʾԼĿ飬ȴһι˼˶Ľ

ãʵǴò̧µؿڣû·ŹֻǽĴŲ˲

˹̵ĺҵĶߣ

ΧԽԽȣҸоԼҪˣű·ܸоĵ¶̵ˣ
һʶ̧ѹסֱۣ˱Ժģһʱ䣬Ҳ֪ԼҪֹ»ôģȴΪܻӭأ

㱼䣬ϣһƬУƲסսҪƿȴ̲ס٣δü˼㱻´һ磬Ϥģȵġ
´ҵϻ֮һƬۣĶ˵ĺҲԽԽ

§µֱ۲»һ˲ֹ̧סӣֽߵ鷢Ṵ



֪˶ã²Žͣ˶ųرڣˮλ͵ĵطҷϥϣСһһµĴ꣬

ҾǷ۵û˯¼ϱ۾ףϵĺλδȥΪ˼ǳǳģ

֪ˣҲû̧ͷɫͷҶߵ
ţȥѼϣţ

ԣۣ˵ͷ

±Ȫתϰ̹ϣΧ͵ȡЩ֦Ȫر˻ѣּӣµѿ

ҾȪ￴ɫ⻹һοЩɵ
߹ʱûӦ

һȪﱧʱҲŻһͷ±ףʣ
ʲô

ҡҡͷʣ
֪طģ

ĬĬ
żȻģôϲ𣿡
ҵͷ

ͷ︹Ȼ붺㿿ߵʣ
ϲطϲ飬ţ

ȵĺƮҵĶߣԺԶַŵ飬С죬ӣսС죬˾ܾش⣬

ˣҲǿΣ֪Ǻסˣ漴͵͵Ц

Ц̧ᴷ£
߻Ȥң

̧С֣յףҲĻشֻ
ҵǺϲ飬˵ű͵͵Ц
ͳ

̲סӣСֹ
һ㲻

΢٣Яסļĵ
˷ޣ͸޼ģһ˵
⻰˵ֱҰԵ

һ٣̧ȦסĲӣ죬
ⲻǻϰ

պҪѧϰߣǱҪһˣҲܷ裬ʹࣿ

㻶ãҺ֣ܿȻˣǱΪҪأһ֣Ǻܺ𣿡
⻰¶ҰԵȴҲ̹ϵĽģ
̧ǿ
ԣԺҪϰ֮ܣϰҵĴڣţ

⣬Һ˵ͷû뵽¾һ㣬

֮ǰ˺Ըо¶̬ЩȻռǺǿǸĸоȴһ
˿ֱ̣׵ĸܣ֣ܿǻ֮ǰͬ´Ų˵ЩֱǿƵͬзΪӦİɣ

ͷŷӣᱧϰùǱߺ˵ѣʪ͸ĶǶ㣬Լס
ٵȵȣһǱȥ

֮±ٽʣµʪѿɣһϺ󣬲˻Ѵ뿪
ʱʱңֱ˹뿪Ӳ˱ŵĿջͷ

˿ɫգʱһ̣

غǣջĳ̨ϣһˣһﻹˮ

̤ɿҵֱ֣ߣԽӲĽŽ˹
Ҿõɴ˫ۣ죬ҵϵʱ򣬼ߵߣĿĶһ𾪣

һĻͬĺڳŴĵ
ŵǰһĻĵѹү׼ˣչˮţԭΪ˸氡

½һ˳˵ǰʱ㶵գգۣ͵
ô᣿

ʲô˿Ѿˣֻҳٳٲţ

µһ棬Ȼ֮ǰʱ͵͵ѧϾǵһζҲ֪ζΣ
ǰӵݸջ
ζΣ

ҽӲĽӹеĿӣǰݺݵĵһڽʵ
Ϊ볤棬

ͷ˿Ž׽
һԽͣŵ
Σ

ڸ˳Ȼ̸ϷǳζҲѰζ˵ˮ׼ѾǼµζˣ
ҵͷһĨЦݣ

ܺóԣлл

ԣ²һ
ǶЩ

ҵͷڶӣܿ죬һ˵ף
ı࣬ЩҳҲóţ

¿ӣٴο£ɻ
ʱѧ棿




28.  ۹   ƶ

˻һ, һ٣ĵģЩ, 
ʱ

ۼƼЩ죬Ĭ˻, һ, 
ˣҺܸ, 

ˣҴûٶ, ȴ̲סﴽǣ
ΧЩĬԹһĨڣǿԼҵȻ, 
ҹ, ȥЪϢɣ

˵űת, Щӱܵζ

, ²˼ı֣æµĲ, 

˻¥ϵ᷿ŲݹȪԵʣҲҪϴ
Ъº۾Դȴ̲סһһΪһĻ, 

׾ȴˣ

ڰУĵĹ˴ǡ



ڶգؾĶװٳǰڵİղ֪Ӻδ֪µݣ׷׼ණſͣǽ׼ĸɫӽ

⧲ңҶ׼ĴЩˣҲһæǰǣ˳ŵ
ҵˣ

ҡͷʾԼû£

µɫȴò̫ãҪ𣬱ֹ

Ⱦע⵽µɫæкסǰİգЩס棬

Ϊ̫飬Ǻ˵Ѿ̫ණˣұͬһ

üʱܵˣԸȾȥ׼֪ȴֱӱӲˣ
ҲҾŷˣ

ˣȾĵæתرܣ

޷ֻһε
ֻʱʱţ

ԣ̵ͷ

΢̾˴Ķͷ



ҵ˻س̵Ϣ꾩Ͼһ
Ϊһس·;˳Ͼ浾ǰ°ݷ
ǰ׼իرɵǵڳſĸͬȥµ

ϲЦտǰ
ɣ
ϾҲû뵽˻ЦЦƼ̽
ӡϷ˳ţ

Ͼ浱ҪȻ֮ǰԴ׵ģ˿ڣ

ЦŵͷҲƺֻһ룬
ĸ˼ȥ㣬£һˣû뵽㡣

ĿĵԱϾ浣Ҳһˣ

Ͼ浵˵ͷȻˣҪкģ˼ˣߵߣ
浸̫񣬡

̫ʮ䣬ӻܽʣϾ浲ٳϸôЩ̫꣬Ҳм˽⣬֪һʲôˣ

ְִֹ

ϣֻ̫ǵûģϾҲ׵ĶԼ

ֻһֱڳ۰Ͱ͵Ͼϳٳûл
ĳȻһͬ
ûػˣ

ͷȥ̫üͷɸֵĵһۣɫ̫ÿ

ڨڨӣֻͷϾ浵뿪

ߵĶϾ浵ĶȴûκηӦֻķԸ̡

ʵ뷨ϾƵһδйʲô뷨˵ֻΪ븸˽ϺãŻˣ

СϾ浲ûзϣκζԷ׷ڴŴżϾȻûʲô仯ػʱ˼ַܣ
ٴҽͬʱûסĻ
ѾȻˣ

䣬Ͼ⸣˸ת뿪

Ҵ뿪



³ǳµ˻ؾĶٶȱȽΪ¿ǵҵӣˣ꾩ҲԶˡ

գִܵ꾩

գվվ䳤ǸݸߵӣͷϴһȦɫͷƫᣬҷһ۾ʶŲһ

֪ô˸˵ĸо̫á
ûע⵽ҵЦǰ·

ҷɾ߲̫ãĿתһȦִһƬ֣ˣŵ󲿷ֵĹߣ

䳤½ӣ
վ᷿һӦȫʲôҪүֻܷԸǡ

µĵ˵ͷ¡

䳤ºߣ͸ֽȥָƣ̲ס
Ҿӿ֣Щɭɭĸо

˳Ļۣü漴
ֻסһĪ£ڣ

ԣҵͷİЩ
˲û뵽̤վʼ䳤㽫Լƶ۹ơ




29.     ˹ƶļ壬

䳤ӷ뿪, ȥ˳

Ⱥ֣ɽˮ, ʢ㣬ĳӳڴմӺ, ú¶һ, дýĹˡ

ʱ䳤÷ϴ˽, 

΢٣Ϊ䳤ú˵, æδõ㣬ǰbϲ˲ǰѯָʾ
䳤, ʲôԸ

䳤󰸰δ, ʣ
ֳ㣿

΢, εЦЦڨڨ, 
иϰߣվ˹, ״򲻶Ҫֵд
ⲻǡүӦûгԹ۷Ĳ㣬Ϸֺֺү
ִٵĽ͵Ϊ䳤Ǿд̫ᡣ

ñʧȥ˸ĸ, 游꣬游㿿ΪҲأ
ԣ۷Ĳѵõζζʲܳϣա

䳤ڰ֣ɣ
˵ţ



óżʧ֣ζؼ֣
Ȼ˲ʳҲֻӲͷƤ


ĵķ¾֣ϴϴϵĻҳʱȥͷͬȾཻ´˳ʪǰ˲
ʶȤһ

ſںȻߵߵѰȥһҲ´ˣúЦ
С˳壬صҳү

ͣĶͷ

Ѿ߽Цŵ
үһ·࣬С׽زĲ㰾Ϊүϴ

ҿѾǰϷڵƮһ̵Ĵл

廰䣬Ѿ߽˵ϣĻмСˣ
Լ󣬳˹£һԵϰߵǰ䲦룬ĶϵĲ˽Զȷûŷġ

ǰϵǰ游ĵ˵صرǸմӺģۣ
뵽⣬ɵôսţ˭֪ȴɵüͷ

ЩȰ

¼ü˹ʣ
ôˣ

ָָǰеȣ

ԣͷţ漴Ҳü
ǾͲˣĳӲף꾩˸

̾Ҳֻˣǿϧô۵ˡ

һ٣
ϲ뿪ʱȥǣ

ҵͷС˿Ӽһӷ
ζȻ˫һּһӣתյߣ
ζ㳢

µȥſں

Ҷ۾׷ʵ
ôɣ

¿еСˣͷ͵͵ġš

ˣһûС˽˸ɾԸģ
ģҸطһЩɣ

ǣ
һҨһɻ
ΪʲôҪһЩأ

ҶŨڣ
ǳӵģӦû˲˼һ㶼ûȣʧһЩΪǶٺЩҲ㲻˷һ˼

Ŷ
ĵͷߣȥ

һԵԣ΢˹

ǲ֪⵹Ҵ֮ǡ



ڳãѾ߶ſ˵յæǰһ۱Ƽûʲôɵй
ʧˣС˿̣
Ȼү

ȥΰȥˡ

䳤վصĳ¥ϣԶԶĿѾ߽ﳷ˻ааĹ˹ǣûнͿˡ

Ϧ䣬ɫĻ谵

Ľȫϵ֣ԭ谵ӱ
ȻȥľͰˮ£ȷˮºʺתȥң

ū澷ԡɣˮأ

ţ
һһ߽ϵ

һߣڽȾ˴ߵȥҪߵϪˮιţʱ¥ϵķȻУ

һ٣ת˹¥һ߿˽յķţ

ʱصϴʱ

ľͰһΧİҲԸ⻨̫ʱϴ裬ܿľͰվ

ùһԸɾϣ

ƣǸճԡԭҾЩȣѺߵߣ뿪͸͸

һ̷ģ

򿪴һ˲ƾճһߣӴ򿪵Ĵ˽
ҸӦŲִٺ֮ʣʶֵ̧ǰ

߿ʱҵڵϣϹһߣͫ׾𣬿ǰһնϣɨһصѪζֱ˷θ

̸ұת˷䣬󺰣
Ⱦ࣬̽

źһϹȾӦ£ֱ˹סȥ
Ҳæӵ׷£һ·ײײ

½ұڷ󣬵̧ۣ
ƤѪ쳣ɺ죬һԵƤѾзڵļ

ϣһ§ңһֽٵߣ콫˿ڴĶѪ

Ժ䣬ֻۣȻмļ£ʶ
ߡߣ
ż־̡

ĵૣһΪѪһߵ
°ڣ

ͳңƺƽЩȴͣ£һֱϵΪѪ
ֱȾ

ˣ̽ҷŵϣߣ⺧
ҧͨƣϵĶѪ࣬ȷûг

ҵֲƤۣüͷϵ˿ڣüͷȴԽԽ

¼ϾΪСأһĺݺ׹

ȷϺ󣬲Żͷµ
ү߲вֻǡ

ֻʲô

˶٣ŵ
ҧߣѰĶߣ׼ȷ˵ǲ㶾ߣߣһֹƶļ壬ʳѪΪƳãƳʱǱҲö

ΪѪ

ǵĶҺӰҲܲ⣬

̵Ǹν⣿

֪⻰һ΢٣
Ҫ⣬ȴҪ

ҲϷɻĵط˵ҧӦвƶϷȴ쳣ͫףҲֻΪȹȣŻԡ

䣬˽Զȵĵɴ˫

ʱºȻٵĺ˼ɫҲһ˲쳣죬ԽԽ٣

˹ҪڣȴûκεãԽԽص
θһǿҵĺ

鲻ԣץס̽Ҫֹκδ˿θֻ
룬ҲҪΣռȻǰˣҲ޷

޷һȴõɴӣ
ȫǲţôᡭ

µΪλⶫӿ£




30.     ƳʳѪҺ

ҽ, Ⱦ̸߶Ⱦ裬мκڴ˿뿪

ڶΪ°, ȷµȷʵŴ۹ƶ, 

Ҳ, 

һ飬֪Ѿڴйƶ, 

Ǻβ֢
ǿʹ࣬ɤ, 

ɫ࣬ԣȴûлػǻһȦȾˡ
˾ٺ, Ȼ֪, ҡҡͷ

ȶյԽԽ, Ŀڷ·𱻴˿ĸо, Ѿòֹˣ

һ, Լǰ

Ҳڹ˼ɣֱԵ
үд۹ƶ֮ԺȻ, ɫ죬ΪΪѪڵԹƳܵѪҺĴ̼ģ

Ȼ⣬ȴҲ֮У
꾩ǿҽ߳ڵһΪʱڵĹƶȷЩȡ

үȻΪƶүƽϢ
˵ʱ̧ͷһۣƺǲ̫ţ

򲢲ķӦֻǵ

۹置еһ˫ԹƶΪ˿ӵƵģй֮˲Ů޷ǲ⣬Ӿ

⣬й֮˲Ůӽϣй֮ڵĹƳ֮˵ѪҺˣôй֮˱Ѫӿ

Ȼ֪ڵĹƶΪ˶Ůһ£ȴǲ֪ģ

ȻˣΪα֮ް

ԣȴĬˣãŵ
ǺԭϷ򲻸ҶԣүڵĹƳ沢ˣֻߣүڵĹƳ棬ʳѪҺ

ǰߣȻһ£ӦǺߣ

ΪѪĹƳ澹޷ΨһĽͱǣѪҺѾԹƳѪĹƳŻ޷ѪҺںϡ

ֻǾүүڵĹƳʳѪҺһ£ƺ̫ϳԣϷ򲻸Ҷԡ

ĻûеѪƳ޷һȷֻѪҺͱԹƳʳһͣ

ףҽϣȴûκβʣΨһĽͣ˵ҵѪҺڵĹƳʳ

ҵѪҺΪʲôᱻڵĹƳʳм䷢ʲôȴö֪

θĺϵ̵ֱϵսȭͷ쳣Ļңм䵽ʲô֪ģ

ʱվͷµ

үһ̣үйѹүڵĹƳ档

˻һڼ˽ʶϻ˯ңϵɫмֹ졣

²ҲԼܹµΪΣ

֪ƶν⣿

ԣݵĳĬһ£ŵ
ܽ⣬ܻк֢

ʲô֢

ϷҲ֪ҡҡͷŵ֢ǾԵģֻǿܣǾԣ

³ĺһ
ô⣿

ѪһֻԹƳ棬үڵԹƳɡ

ԣ±˱ۣ
֪ˣǶȥɣ

Ⱦ༸˱ȥȾǰ½ס
ȥһ飬ѪΪλ޹ʽ˸ڵӡ

ǣס

֨һȾ뿪ָ˼žͽȻ۾ŴϵңԺĶ



ʱһۣ㿴Լ±ڻֱۣܹо¶Ⱥܸߣһ̵Ļ¯һ

̲ס˫ֳסؿڣһЩŸж㱻²һ˲ֱ¸ӵ˻ˣоµ촽ĶŲ

Щ̲סӣֹ


۹΢ʱƼϴ׵ϸһǰһиԺ

ѪڣѪȵӣеһжڴ̼񾭣ԼڰǰƺץһѴߣֵĻ壬̲סһ˿θֱţ

Ҵƿǰ£ſڴߣ۵һֱ˳

θûʲôֱ֭˳

ôȥĴڣ⧲ƿһüḧĺ󱳣һ߳⺰ˣ
ˣ

ŵĺȾŽһĻżȥ˱ȲȾϽȥѰ

½ӹȲ裬һ˫ҵĺ󱳣ʣ
𣿡

ȿˮڣ

ֻ˺Ҫһ㣬µǰ󷢺ڣ

ֻȴ޷ֱӣ

һԽòУ
ôˣ

µüͷһֱţһЩĲݸģֽҷ˲ͣ

ļʱݹȥ½ӹιҴߣ
һڣţ

Ҿ˿ڣ΢̵Ȳ裬Ĳ㣬ѹһЩؿڵĶģ

ĵιһһڣֱһȲ裬ҼɫЩԷģ

ʱȾཫ˹

һ̤ţµɫ֪ûвзķʽƶ

ڲ

̵
Ͻµ̫ˣ

˵űҪλãȴס

û£뵽ǶЩģ

˵ĶʲôҲ֪ȴǲģֵ
޷ѸЩ

ȷûǾôݵǰ

ȷûʲôԾֻǾȹȵЩԴָܻ

Ϊ°ģҿ˰ҩĸȥҩ

뿪ǰµɫЩֹʲôû˵

Ȼԥȴû

Ȼ˵з˻ƶõķȴΨһķ
²ʱ򻹶ʲôֻҪܿƣʲôνˣҲں

İ򿪵ҩܿ콫˹
ֽӹԸ
ȥɣУ

ǣĸ¡

ڰҿͷҨһװԼô̲̺󣬲ιߣ

ȣ˺ú˯һʲôˣţ

һ˵ͷ

µչ£һ밲
룬ͷף֮ɵߣ
˯ɣ

ҹԹԵĻ۾ϢȫϤϢ
ģʶʼģ

µͷŻˣǷ¹ϾϵĽСɫ쳣԰ףĴҲʧ˼Ѫɫ˶˼ִ

ĿɫͫһĨʹ




31.     游Ļ⣿

ͻı, ضգͬʱҲ˳, 
ﵽײʲôдѪ, 

ʱ, ǵڶһ磬

һֱ, Ƽæǰȥ, ڴͷ
ˣһ㣬

һһȦ, , 
үأ

Ŷүһȥ䳤ȥ, ūȾ˵ܾ, Ǹ䳤йأү֪ʱ, ɫˣ

һ˵ţһҲ˲

ﵽû̫ྪȣϾ䳤һۣ;öԷ, ôһ룬ɱ뵽ǶθмܣæǿԼ֮ǰļ䡣

ļɫãæԼ죬յ
ū澣£

˵үϷԸ£æ
ˣү׼Щūȥý

µ£׼Щҷɢעõģ

ȥ汧˽һѻᣬ

»ᣬ˳һ򿪣
ү˵˾ͿЩ£Ҳġ

Ľչʾǰգգۣ
ū澾š

˳Ĵ򿪵Ļῴȥһۣϳ⻭游ǰ
Ҫ˵Ϊʲôô϶Ϊ⻭һȥ游鷿游ȡ俴ģ⻭ͲˣҲû⣬
游ڶ࣬͸Ҳһû뵽ջ

˼ˣæֱӣĽýһ㣬
⻭ү׼ģ

ĵͷţкöأٿģ

ֽӹȥĸҿ

ǣ

Ļȥȡһϸϸϵÿһȷ游Ļ
ŵһԣǷ

ڶûַӦҲ游Ļ

ȫĻҷ֣еĻȫǳ游ֱʣ
ʶһ㣬㶵ڴϣԴһң

游Ļôүأ

м䵽׷ʲô

Ϊһ磬˲û˿飬ǰĻ˳˼

ļɫԣæĵʣ
ôˣ

ȴ㶵ûзӦ̧ǰ˻Σ




ͽȻһ̧ۣĵĵᳶ˳ǣ
û£ˣ

Ķʣæת˻⣬
Щˣȥ׼ЩԵİɣ

ֻŸү׼Ķȴһˣү֪Դǲ

ūȥŹ

뿪ʱϸϸĿ˿ǰѻһʱ䣬رԥҪҪȥ£
ֲ֪ôʣϾǻĽС㣬һ¶ڣָôͣ
ǲʣֻһֱ˷ǣ

˼ãһûö⣬ֻԺл˵żģӦһ룬ôܹ´ӦЩ

游Ļǲܷڱġ

˶ţѾ˼ɫţ
ּ游Ļһ£űҲûö٣

Ĳģźڳ࣬
ԷһǶˣҲܼʱ

ţûҲ˯ţ˻
Ƶϸſܴܲ⻭￴ʲô
˵ʱµദȻ꾩Ӧܳ̽¹ոһˡ



һߣغɽɽһСľ
Ŀŵϱ廨ˣ
һҹӽص䳤÷ϴ
һˣǸƹƶ÷϶

ҧҵѪ÷϶֣һ´۹ƶŮϵЧ

Ⱦһ׳ıվڶֺ̧ݺݵĸ˶һӣ
үʻأ˵ǲ˵

Ⱦһȥ϶˵ı̱һƤ˺һŨҵѪζ

ϵѹֵƺһҧһԣ
ƢԵǾúܣ

ȾЦһһȥӻġꡱضԿɼȾಢû飬

Ⱦ༸޵Ķˣ۵ڵϴɻһ仰˵

ס֣ºȻ

Ⱦʶ֣ɻ£

»վȾ

Ȼǲ˵¸ƣùƶ˵ɣ
̫أ˴ˣ񲻱ǣ

óƶ÷弸̧ͷ˹͸żֻɣһ˿£ûп˵

Ⱦע⵽̱µͼֵ


ȾȥҲǴ˿̣ףүΪҪˣ

㣬Ⱦ߽ֻһյ룬

ʲôԶ

Էűһֱ񾭵÷϶һ򣬱˲ɴ۾һ˿𾪣
һ˫۾ֱֱĶԭŵһ˿ɣҲʧ

Ⱦһֱע˵飬ˣ˳ƿŵ
ʶĻھ͸ϽǺָʹѪƹƶģ

ƶһ£ҪڣҲˣ 

Ⱦʵһ˵Ҳûܰôӵ˻Թ뵽ϵ÷϶Ŀ˿ڣ

Сͽ¹ƶһ˵ţ۾ȴĶ򣬻ĺ·ǳأ

ȾΪ¹ƶû룬Ψ£˼һۣɫġ

÷ϴܵɿڣ̱Ҫֹûü
ֵܶʮǰصģʱǱٸץģʱһץģˣǻƶˣƹƶ˵õйϣ

Ϊ˱ֺãǱ㽫ǵ˳Ҫƴ۹ƣ

ŹӣǳɹƳһԹƳ棬
ǳɹɱģȻԹƳ棬ԣĹԱ㽫ֻԹƳ͸ˣ

׼ƳʧܣҲ˱ͷ׼ȴ˴۹ƳɹϢʱΪãʣ
Ҳ֪ǹƳ棬浽ȥɶˣõ˭ϡ

Դ˺󣬸罥ܵãص䳤ֱڣңΪϲƶ

ôһֱƴ۹ƣŻܹô۹ƽӽ

֪֪ҪƳ˭¶⺧ʣ

÷϶ҡͷ
СĲ֪

÷϶ĻУܹ֪ʱǹƳӦþϣҴٸѲ˸ϵܹʹöٸˣȶԷӦҲȨƼˣ

ֻǷΧЩ󣬵ƾЩϢ²ܶ϶˭˳ĹԱһУ

Ǵȡ߹Ƴˣܸüǵðɣ




32.  ؾ   λѵʲôĴڣ

÷ֵ, ·ԸȾఴմ÷϶õ²飬
мǲɴݾߣнչ, ʱ

ף

, ±ڵķȥ, һԣµɫ, ׻ûסἰ
үǰǿҩѹ¹ƶ, ˾գϷϣү콫ƶһճ̣ԷΣү塣

һ٣ͷ, Ȼ, 
ԺĪҪᣬ

˵ͷҲص뿪, 

ΣԶȥıӰҡҡͷ, 

´ʱϸϸһ, Ų̧ͷſڣ£ֱӣһɹĽţ

Ϊתµ, æЦź
ˣ

ǰͷĻüͬ
ϲЩҲҪעϢ
˵᲻ƳһԵģವģĵȥֵ̿
ūʧְүˡ

æסµֽԼߣ
̫Ͷˣһʱʱ䣬Īġ
ü
´οɲˣ

ҵͷĻݸһԹŵģʾ۹۱Ǳǹĵ̱Ż˳ȥ

ҿͷϣ£
ʲôʱ̰

¶˶٣˴֣ɤ
ϢգӺЩٶ꾩Ǳ߱Ѿ˵ݹϢˣģţ

Ŷ
룬ûס𻭵¶
ĸҿĻǺʱ׼İ

һ˵ţһȴһֱעµ飬

ĹӰҡҡλεĴεĲϣ
ע⵽΢һ˲ŵ
һλ͵ģ뿪꾩ʱ˳ϵģû뵽ܵõϲ

һʶЦЦڸԼĲȻ
λѻͦõģҲǴ۸ˣ

¹˹иˣʦȪ֪Լ֪ˣӦҲοɡ
ϲȻؾˣ鷿ﻹ࣬ʱȡȥ

ԣ죬µıЩеĻ˵λѶӦǺҪģ
⿴ĳŵҲ˵ϲܹͬϲѵĻ

ôʲôѣ游Ļأ˱ض游ŲһĹϵҪô鵽أ



պòˣڵõ׿Ϻ̻ؾ
꾩Ѳյ·̣


Ͼȥżһ£֪ô䵽Ķ֪ºкƣûסϾԺһ죬

Ͼ浺ͷۣε
վѣܱܲЫһ˾Ͷɣο̫ҲڣƼЦ


̫ѵ˿𣿼иһĸҲż㣿

ԣϾüܾ⻰˵м֣һʱҲûĸطԣֻʶһƣ
˵ʲôأȥˣ֪֪ʲô

Ҳܣǲ㡣

ʲô죿˵Ұ˵ܵܣҸܣ˵Ҳڵǰ˵ûУ
ȴûнĻȫȥִֻŵ
һУǰɵܵܵĻʲô
üһˬ

Ͼ海ˣ̾
УҲ˵⻰˺ðɣԺ˵Ҳע㣬

⸱ĿŪһؿڣϲµģ̫ܣ
һֻѹ£ĵײϵذʾԼ̣ٵȵȡ

˴˴εһȥϾһιмֵֹֹĸоЩ翣޷ץס˵ʲôо


պһ˵ִ꾩

ͣ£ſںţ˵һˣǱҧģ廹ڴſ׼˻裬ҴӻϿ˵а

ˣūⱸ˻裬ôһʲôаħֶȥԺҲ˳˳ˡ
ЦеóҲܵҡ

ԣЦӦ£
ˣ
°ڣ̧ŴӻϿ˹ȥȻͷ£

үҲһΰɣү֮ǰȾߵаħ֣ǾͲˡ

һҲæͣԶԶԣүҲҪ磬

ϣ£ȿǰĻ裬

ֺǺǵЦ
ү˸ϢƬ̣ū׼ţ


µ־Ϣ빬ʱڻԪ۵ǬԪԪ밲ŴϢʱ̴ϲ϶µĳ֮رԣ
׵ĻԪۼü¡

һҪһ̵ֽûע⵽㣬ȥ

Ԫ۶ıӰ֪ʲôһԵĸ߹Цŵ
Ӵ񣬵ĳݺҲûʲô󰭣

Ԫۼŵġš

߹ĵΪ̾ϢһԹɫı»Щֻϣʺһˡ


ߣ¹ϲǰ˱ˮԡ󣬲ţ

ûźˣűԷһԣһ˲ˣһ˵Щ꾩﷢¶

ү뾩ʱǸҲ־ǹôЩӣ׵ѡһֱδȷ֡

Ե
һ¹ϵĴ֣ѡϸҲӦõģ

帽͵ͷֽתط

źҾЩۣı˯ˣȥ鷿Щ

ڶһ磬îʱһ±׼˴֮УԪ

˫ʣ
ȥϳ𣿡

ڴӣӦ
ţʱ磬˯

ҷ̷°ɣ
˵űҪ°סãˣ˯ţ

ΣֻõͷӦ¡

Ŀȥ˯ˣˣϴװ󣬱ȥµ鷿һ֮ǰ˵Ļ



ǬԪ½ǰõӵݸ߹
߹ͷӳʵԪǰ

ڴϣڻԪۿӵʱ޲ĲЩ˵

ĻԪûʲôӣ˵˾䣬
°òҪʲôͣ

ʵ⻰ҲװװӣΪ֪һǰһĽ͡

Ҳϣ˽ͣתһ׮£
׵ѡδ£֪ʥпѡˣ

Ԫ΢˶٣
⵽к

ԣѡѡӣ



鷿Ҹ̤µĵ̣
İ趼࣬鰸ǱķΧ

үƽ鷿ȹģ»ǴԺÿյʱ򣬿ɶү

ҵͷ۾鷿ɨһȦǽϵûһ
ɵ֣

¼ȻܰЩЯȴû鷿ҳλѶ˵ʲôĴڣ




33.  ѹƹƶ   æҲʲ

Ҳûµ鷿ж, ܿ鷿뿪
λѶǸʲôĴڣҲ², 룬Щ, Ҳոһͻƿ, 

ֻǴȥλͻѣȴǲ֪Ӻδ֡

, ֪빬ʥ󣬱һֱڴ, 
¸һӴгƼŵ΢˶ٲӣŴݵǰߡ

޻, ԪҲнԵĲ, Ҳæµ˲٣

еǰ, ǰк
, òддΣ

û뵽Ű, ΪԼд裬ûй򣬱㵭ˣ
¶࣬дͲˡ

䣬´뿪

лûӦ, ѾԶȥ

һǡӴ߳ĻԪУ
ĸ߹ʶҪ˵䣬ȴڻԪת˲죬
̾ôרʥϵļɻײأ

֮ԻܾȻһԭΪ˽µһԭǣԼЩԣ

ӽ񳿳ſʼЩڵϢмң
֮ǰδ磽Ĺƶƺ˷ƣ
´󲽳˹ڹŲ΢΢ģͷһ麹죬ҲԽ

ͷݳȾĲµĺȣе
ү岻ʣǡ

ӿٶȣͷ̵ķԸȾ΢һ˦ǰ
ѲµүǴǰѹµĹƶзļ

ܿǰԺǰȾӳ
үˣ

ﴫ˵͵͵ļٵĺ˻˳

ȾΪǣ̧ͷʱʶҪһ߰۲ɫ
ֵĶȴ³ĵһۣ֣

Ⱦڨڨջ֣үʲôˣǰֳԼһ棿

һԺŵɫãҲµʲôʣæ첽ԺȥѰ

ӣϣԸȾ࣬
ȥձ̫࣬ЪǰԺҪȱ

ǣȾͷӦ£

ʱ⴫һ󼱴ٵĽŲҴҸ˹

һţץµһ
үΣΣգ

Ⱦü

죬ջذµ֣үڵĹƶǰ̼ܵүԱĺѹƣ˷ȻܹʱѹƹƶԹƳһм֮ѹƱĺԺ䱬Աֻ֮

үʱѹıǳ֮ƣϷǾ仰үսƶ֮ճ̣򣬿֮ǡ

һԼϢͳ
ⶾҪʲôҩģ㾡ᡣ

ǰҪʲôֻᣬĲ˵ҩģ¹ܶ󣬶СæͣȻ֪үΪҪһֽⶾȻүҪȻɡ

죬Ҫ˵Щʲô´ϣ
֮ǰķΣӦ֪Ψʡ

Ⱦ࣬˱ˮ˵ţ´ҪߣǴٴñѹƹƶ

ΥȾֻȥ׼ˮ
ȵȣȻ

ƫͷ
ⶾİ취ֻһϷҩѹƹƶ

ǿ쿪ʼɣҪʲôҩģֻ˵ūѰ
ʼգûʹΨһĽⶾʲô

ͷϷиӸ㡣
˵ȡﱸŵֽʣˢˢˢܿдŵӵݸ壬ȻַԸȾ࣬
չ̵ˮ͹

˸ȥ׼£үƲ䡣



ҵ֪æҪЪǰԺʱ򣬵ûʲôɣ¸մ޻æ㵽Ҳ
˵æ񣬾ʹûôʱϣҲʲô



ǰԺ彫ҪĶ˵ǰƣɻȱʲô
һѾߵˮƫͷɨۣŵİҪĶʱüڵ
պãǶɣָָһԡ

ף£ֵɻзԸ

ˮµڰ֣ʾûУ⧲ձõĶһȫǰˮУȻӻ˸ƿƿǣ˵ҩ棬

һԵİӣԡͰ
ˣԲüûп˵ʲô
죬ͣĶһԵ£үȥɣ
˵İӣתߡ

ԣǰūүɣ

ãҲȥɣ¾ܾ

ǣ
뿪ԡͰߣ˶ٺֻ±ֱӿԡͰ˫ۡ

һ˲䣬̵ȶȰסˣȻˮһ˲ܵˮ¼ߣأ²θĺڽ½ֻڵϢȴԽԽȣ
͵ȫΡ

Ȼ߽һӣ

ʶָʾȥͬʱ˵Ƥֳһֱ̬

΢ǰĲһϸϸ¶˳ȡһµļϣȡֱĺ󾱺ͺ󱳣
µָ֣Ѫ֮䵽ԡͰһ˲Ѫζӿ

Ķ˶ӣü

ָֹϵѪصϵһ˻һջأ򷽵ˣүһɣ

䣬˫ۡ

θĺˣڵϢҲָƽȣȴֻģһܹܶã

ϵĶͣڵ
࣬˶ֲ䣬˷ѹƣ۹ƶͷ۵ģǹƳ䣬Ϸ򲢲ܱ֤˷ÿζãԣⶾ£үһ¡

˵겻»شŴ˳ȥ
ȥĽŲҲֻĬĬԡͰ˻վ̤ԡͰȡȾԸǰõĸѻϣ˳ȥ

ǻƻʱ֣һֱͷţ³æǰ
ãүҲ˰ɣūó͵ԵĹ

ţ
µͷָССѪ㣬üͷһֱûɿ



Ժߣ²ڣԸС˾²ˮȣǰ游ڵʱ򣬾һԣȻζЩ󣬵ܲסϲǰΪ˼²ϲûˣò״һ²Ժҿɲץס᣿

Сλǰӵģ⵹ˣΪծˣԵɺ֪ˮȣ˾棬ߦƤÿһǳĿ٣ˣЩ²ڶ

ѽӴһڶڶ

²˼Ӽڶ֮ǰûԹ⻹һγԣ

ԭҳʮˮȣһϳԵСӹĹĵġ
꣬Сӣ̾˿
һԿЦãһȥԺߣʳɡ

ĬĬظһ£ͷ

㣬ҴȥԺ½ȥ鷿

ֻǷǰԺǰԺ˴ǰԺŵģȻùŵĿյ

ȵȣ²ǻûЩǣ




34.  ϲ   ܴ£ܻҲҪ

еɻһ, ʶһ˵˴ź󣬴ͷһԶ, ˲˳
Сүûʲô

һʱ, , 
ȥƲ֪ˣ

ô˵ţֱӳµ鷿, ֮ģﲢûм, תǰԺȥ
ڰ;ӭײϡ

û¶ڣȸ񣬲װ֪£Ⱦ˵⼸ջص, ôˣ
˵޵̧ͷɫ, ɻ
µ
æˡ

ùˣ, 

ҵͷ˳, ûŰɣ֪һģҲõȷһ, ҳԵˮء

¶˶٣
õ㣿ţ

գգۣĵ˱װ֪ùˣҪƭ, 
Ƿʲô

ˮȰɣĪ볢һô˵ˮȡ

ҵͷͷԸȥԸԺСһˮҪ²˼ġ
֣үùˣɶҪװûð
ôţԸ˷СһЩ

֪²ϲ²˵ζΪƭԸ׼²˼ģ³ֹ˭֪Ķת뿪ˣҲûڣ
뻽Ļ·Ը뵽ƭҲٹˡ

ʵ²ʱüͷɲ壬Ҳûֹ

һԵȾԾѣҲүһϵвرԻ
үùˣţϲ²˵ζȴֲֹ׼²ڶӣ

ѵүĳ谮

ԺߣСĳյĵѣֻѰõķ

δ飬ȥԺ·ϣҲֹһ۾ʱƫͷӭ񣬵ʣл

ң
΢죬һʱûϻԥһ˲ҡҡͷҪԾ²˼ڶˮȣ
мֵƤζ

Եͷô˼ѯʣ
²ζͦģ·ϲЦЦûе֪²ϲԾ²ˣ
¸֪ǹˡ

ţûʲôֻϲıɣ

˵ѾԺ

ﶯ죬˷޺²һӣѾ߱õˮ˽

һˮȣһԱСӣһС´ףǱ߻˳׼ˣһƹϣһǰǺܼ򵥵Сˡ

Ƽˮȵķüƫͷң
ķҲһ˲ʵЩ̫ӵķЩ̫ˡ
ʶ£ƺûɣԷģݸ£쳢

ֽӹ꣬һŵҧһڣ
²˵ζŴļζм⣬иóһЩ

ҽĶ£ˣæʣ
Σ

һԵĶ̲ס˶䣬үòóԣ

⻹ǵһμԲƷͷҲԣ
˵Žʣµһιߣ
죬ţ

ע£ʶסιˮȣ
֪ǲǴҾȻãһˮƺ֮ǰԵһζһЩ
ǳɣһĸóһЩɣֹ

һˮȣ³һڣιһڣһһȫԹġ

ӦʱҲŵÿҪ³ˣ֪Ĵ˸ãϸּΡ

Ц˱ˮЦȵˮһȥһߡ
˳ƽӹ豭ǳǳĺһڣڣµķһԵ̵Уˮθı͸˲Щ

ʱվǣסС֣߰ɣ

ұǣųԺһ·е÷԰
÷԰÷⣬Ʒ֣÷԰һļлǾ£÷ɫջȴޣ

÷԰ſڣ°ŵ£ң˶Խ÷԰

һ·е¹ͤУΧŸɫͬľջҿͤе˿ϣͷ£
ô಻ͬĻΪʲôҪȡΪ÷԰أʲô𣿡

ĬĬƺƬ̣ŵֻĸ׸ϲ÷ȡ÷Ϊ㲻壿

㶣Լû뵽»Ὣ˻ʶ˵ͷ
ģɰͰ͵֣ûģ

Ҷ˶ºĸںδֲ֪ôӺ
ƺҲֻǺȻ𣬲ûнȥ£һʱ䣬˵ķΧ˲١

ƺӰµ£˶̶һ˲±ת⣬Ҳ˳پ£



֮죬´ǰ˵æÿ켸Ǵ¶飬öһùš

˹˼գĹ쵽ˣұ㶼æΪ׼ûٹİעŵϡ
ߣΪľæ⼸飬Ѿûͬһˡ

Ҽˣǽǰƭ·ŵԺ
ΪǴɻ硣


Ѱھйζų꣬ζſȢӣӳ죬˵ζϾʾʱ

ӹɺصԺµϣͷͷҹգﲻɵϾӣܻеķӦ
Żر𾪣ɣ룬
ˣҲ֪ˣ֪ˣ𾪣ôԺʲôҲи׼

뵽ֱתϾ浵Ժߡ

ãϾɴ֣̾׼ԡʱ⴫Ѿߵͨ
鷿˵Ҫ˵

Ͼ΢٣ΪʱǷԸôԵƬ̣

Ѿ£
øϾ浲֣ɻʱˣ

ϾҡҡͷȥұˮӦҲǴ£Һܿԡ

ǣ


һߣѾ߻ǰĴӣܾýĴЩֵֹģҲ˵׹

⴫ĽŲѾæջߣͷ˵һԣ
°ɣź򣬡ͷѾԣæ£ſϾϣ
Ѿ鷿󣬻ʱ̲ס̧ͷ鷿ˣƼĴɫȻ࣬ҲƷű䡣

ţѾ߱棬ԷͷӺ͹ʲôԸ

鷿ǺȻͷ򿪣鴦Ըţ

ǣѾ߲ҶʣӦ¡

ϾüѾߣɫ֮ǰż࣬Ϊʲô飬ʣǳ˺£

һʣϾԺѾڻ룬ոгʲô顣

ţŶϾ浣£ɫᣬϵ֬Ѿ˰̰ľ£Ϥˡ
һֱѹƵڴ˿̿ʼظա

ϾĲ쳣ȴ֪ΪΡ

鷿΢УӰ
ȻǰĶȥһӵ̬

ϾһʶҪվȴ̧ѹסѹס˫ֵ£ֺʪ
Ϊʲô£ϾҲ˲˿̹̬ʣǳʲô𣿡

ţܴ£ܻҲҪ޳ܡɳƵ

ɫͻȻϼֲϾΪ˰æģҲ㣬˵ʲô£

ϾͫεĹĺ͵ǣȴ֪ϲǣ
Щĺ͵ǣǶԵܵܵģȴǶϲˣ

ԼԵܵܵĵǶû˰ɣ
ڣֻҪӵҪȽŭʧҲϡ

˼ˣսϾ浵֣ڣ
ӽҲĵܵܣٻ㣬ҪģЯһ㹲Ů
ϲ㣬

׺䶥ϾסӲ




35.  ײ   ú

Ͼû뵽Ȼĸ, 
𾪹ֻ쳣ʧǵ, мֲ֪롣
⼸޴뱻Ͼʶ÷ŭڸ˹ȥ
һƿѹֱ˫, û, ն㣬ҡ, ǾһӶǣֻƵͷ, 㾡ɾˣ

Ͼѹ棬
˵겻зӦ, ֱվ뿪

ӵվ, Ͼ浵ıӰҼȻ˵㲻, ¸ײͬ⣬˵, ЩҶԽ

Ͼ, һֻҲֻã
䣬˳ȥһ鷿

ǰϣϾ海ŭȥıӰȴǳǳһ, Ѿ֪⣬պҲµĽܵܿˡ


ɫˮ
Ͼһ·صݣ̤ʱĿ΢˶٣ļɻδŬ룬иʲôźţŻȻƵͷ

˼ȥȴûκͷͷβΪûйʲôΪôͳľأ

Ӻ߳ϾƺΪǳʲô£æǰʣǳʲô£

ϾȻҡҡͷɴȥ˺䡣


ԺϾ浱ʶĿʼֻҪпĳϣһŲȥ󣬾㶼Щ֣Ϊʹ֮䣬˵ʲô֮Щ죬Ȱ
ӻᣬ˵ЩĪҪһֱϡ

Ͼ΢٣͡š֮ȴҲȻЩıˣֻҡҡͷûȰ

ʵϾΪĻЩطûȥΪ֪ϾһʱʺһֱƤӵ»Σ
˵ȥ֮谭ҪģҲڽЩȥӭ



鼸պָֻƽʱĻظʱ䡣

˶һʱյķ£Ҳָ

ǰҪװļͷľĽȿνԶԶϳգÿղƻʱֱ˸һԺ
ֻҪһ㲻£ֻҪڣҲϣǱѹϣǹһûûӣ

һֱܹһ۵ûоźá

Ǻɲɵģָÿʮһε壬˺õʱұǲ붼֪¾Իץסᣬ޲ܽڴһŸġ

ȵǣ¾ȻнҪȥӪ´ʱٺú
ҵ֪ϧȴرĸˣǵƻʱ֣˵ǽҪ飬Ҫµʱ򣬲֪ôҺȻһǰƭǴΣ

ôţһ㣬ȻȥǰԺҪƭԴҪ¼ٷ£ء

ôţŶûãƲģһĵȥ˱Ժ
ǵϴȥݵ·ģұûȥ鷿ֱµȥ

Ժߣ¹ԡͰУָʾȫظһǰ顣

һ߽Ƥһظ֮ǰ߶
үÿһҩԡܿڵĹƶվȫ֮ߣԹƳԽãܾͻ벻ĺսⶾõġ

ûнĻȻҲǲͬνĽⶾ

ҡҡͷͷרģ

һ·ֽյıԺôЩ֣һ·ƺûˣʲôʱⱱԺôɢˣҲܹ
Ҫǲƭһ£Һܿ㽫¶Ժ

ҪץµİѱұûдҡڵĴǰŽĵƵ˺ǽߣĻ磬ҲץС

ҴӺǽƵǰߣȾ彣ſȥһæӣ侲ĵ
ⲻͱˣ

үֱ̫ɳˣȻƭ飬ôţҴԭ·أŽȥһֲ
һҺȻһ

ԣȻҪ飬ȴƭҪ飬Ϊʲô
ʲô²֪ڼĸ֪ˣֻ
Ҳɵ뵽µЩǸйأ

ĵƫͷȥȾ࣬һҹ۲ϸһЩŷȾɫмֽƣ˼ΪȾźȻ򿪣߳һ벻ˣ

Ȼ

˫ۣԺͷϢ񣬽ĶŶˣ

Ⱦಢ֪Χˣɨڣٹһӣү뿪ԡͰҩмǲӣҸطˡ

΢ҩˣҳסЩѾ˳ȥ

ȾӦǡ

˶٣εүϷȰүô꣬ĻүýȥһȰȰүڵĹƶʱүڵĹƳܴ̼̫ʢֻÿһεѹƣʵȫ֮ߣǳ⣬֮ǡ

ȾȻеԣү˵һǣүļϵ²ס
ǣү²Ӧ򣬳ѪƳ⣬ɻܽүϵĹƶ

ȾĿ⣬ҡҡͷ

ȴֱԭأ

ƶºʱеĹƶ

ֱȥ㶵Ĳ֪ηӦ

ȾʧĴͷ

ļ΢̾һת뿪

֪ƺǲԸѪԼûóȻ߳ȥԭ·ԺԺؼΣ˼ȥ¶ϸһУ

ֻ֪ҪѪãҲ֪


ȥʱɻΪλ˵΢㶣ȵε֪ģ

ε򴽣ҡСȾĻ

ȾĻûᣬȴҲµˣɫûٶʣֻҷŵĻ

үеĹƶϷ֪˹ƶȷʵֻѪһֻƳ棬ΪүڵĹƳ档
үͬ⣬

ңҲ㣬򣬷ͬ⣬ǿƳ棬

Ȼʹ죬ֻ˷ɣֻү֪ҵӣ

ԼԸģ֪ˣһ˵ֻܱ֤һҪκ÷ƶ
̽ӻĹף¶һֱܽţԸÿһҩԡѹƹƶԸѪһֻƳ棬֪ˣҲú塣




36.     庢һ

˵ʱװĹһЩ, Щ鶼ˣܻõ, ƶһ£ȴҪճ̵ġ
, Ϸ򶨵߾ܡ

ңƳӦҸô
Ī, Ƴ棬ɻ伱, ľУ

ô˵, ȥݣһһС˳
Сƫ, ޿С, ǵʵʵġ

Źӣ׹ƳϷ׼׵, պֻÿѪιɣιҲн, һ£ֻÿιһμ, ڶ£ÿΣ£ÿΣˣº, ԹƳɡ

򽫹ӵݸң㶵ģһʱûֽӣ΢٣ЦŵϷ͵Ժɣ

һ񣬡ӾͷԺɣÿչѪ㣬ιǣŵԺ类үˣ㲻ˡ

˵ӣȰѽķι˰ɣ

򣺡ɻ򷽵һÿιʱ糿ճ֮ǰ

΢㶣Լû뵽⽲漴𷽲Լ飬
Ļӣǵ÷ǱȥǷ¸µĻɡ

룬㽫͵Ǳ߰ɣÿιѪҲ˵˵

ͷӦ£

ԺǱߣҽĽй򵥽½һ
¹үӣҼס뱣ܣүҲܸ֪֪𣿡

İɣū֪أ˵һ֡
ҵͷԸСҵĳʳЩѪģ
Ҳǰ׼ԽѪҺֻ࣬Ҳ֪ܼ֣ܲǰţҲõʱʲô⣬жˣǰˡ

źùӣҽιָ֧ͷСľӣ뿪ˡ

֧ľףѾʼ˼⼸£ʲôӣ÷Ժأһ»ã£ˣµĻɣ
һʱ̵ģҲ벻ʲôð취ȸ£롣


¶ԴȻһŲ֪ȷ飬ֻҾû˯죬ƱʱСȻعͷɤ͵͵ģ
ˣ

΢⣬ƼǿѪ룬㶵Ķã
ûעĿ⣬ɵߺ˳ƽ̽ﱧţ
ˣ
ĺ󱳣Ǻ庢һ

ҡҡͷؿᣬϸ粵һŵһɵҩζӦ֮ǰҩԡµģ

ֲ뵽ԸҩѹƣҲԸѪƽⶾһ£ȻϰȻ˯۾飬
ԼϵϢ̫ϤľҽҲ˯⣬ĵ׷¶ڶһ磬ȥϳʱ˹û˯⡣

³ϳȥĹӱ˳óͷԼϴ˸ѪСľٽѪǹͷ󣬿ٸ˸ӣ
ָͷϵϿ˵ҩֻۣش˯ȥˡ


񳿣ϣʥּͻ볤򸮵Ķӣ
ʥּһȻ˭Ҳû뵽ٳûжºѡʥϾȻᶨݲ̫͹Եĳӣ˺⣬һʱҲܹ³
ɢ󣬻Ԫ۲Żص鷿ͷ

߹ԣ²´˷ǰΪ

˻

߹ū˵ǰżȻײ˸ҷݣ˳ְһѣƼ˿ݣʱãǼˣȻ֪ʥϵĴͻ飬Щ

Ԫԣ̧ͷ۸߹ڵʥּ£ֲ˭
⻰˵ȴ󣬴ˣҲá

⻰䣬˽

߹̱ޱ飬
μʣ

ɣԪùһԵӴ򿪣ʣ£

ĬĬǾƬ̧̣ͷ븸ջشͻʥּÿȢΪޣʳȫ

Ԫ۷ӵһ٣̧۳Ķŵϵޱʥּ£㵱Ϸ𣿡
°ɣ

ûûת˼ˣ

߹ᣬҲæȰ£ʥּȳջصĵͱִˣȥɣ

ˣǰ˼ﻰҲѿڶ
ʴͻǰôûŶǣǳˣ˻飬˵׼˼һԸȢأʱί˿˲ãף񲻰׷һ򣬺βһЩ

˻һԪİ
˶˵ĻʥּϷɣ
ԪŭĿӣǰǰʱĵµĸҲԽԽ죬һ֮£Ԫ۷Ը߹
ˣظȥ˼û޵ó



һ£ͻȻû֪ʥΪηˣֻ²˵ʥˡ
Ҵ¼ǹʥ϶飬ʥϿɶûɿڣ
̫ӵ֪£ֵ֪ԭֻ͵͵ҲûٹĴ¡

֪º֮ǰƵȥϾǰ˵һ˵£ԸϾ浲֪£ҲԴףϾ浽Ŵ£ȻԴһȣҲŸԼҸǰʯͷԼĽ

ˣϾ浵֪ʱʥּѾ˺üˣ˵Ǳ߶ˣͶڽβ

Ŵ£ϾҲôһ˲ȷԼҸתףլ˹ҲЪ˼
Ҳû¶ҲЩЧӣӦѰ£¶Ҳ͹ȥˡ


ÿձѪƳ棬ɹĶȹһ£»˳ûʲô

ڶ£糿ιƳ棬Ҳûʲô̫⣬
ۿ쵽ˣҲؼһ£ϵѪιƳ棬ôܿ£ֲɵķӣȴǻû




37.     ߸űŷġ

˼ȥ, װԽȲԺЪϢ
˷Ҳûʲô, Ͼ˷пܻ½ĸ, Ҳһʱ, 

ȾûʲôҪԶŵĲ, 
Ⱦۿۺף˼˰, 
ʥǰ˿ͣүݣҪȥʼԳԣʼԳ꾩дԼҵ·, 㲻Զţ

ĬĬ, ʱȥȥã

պĹ, شԼңҲ˵, ÿʥϵķԸ

ףĬĬһ, ʱʥݻһ㣬Ӧܸ»ǰԹƳ档

ֻ跨´Ӧһȥɽ
¶ѵģҪİС

ˣ°ɣ֮±ү, ү׼ϲ֪𣿡
Ⱦ΢٣ͷӦ£ת˳ȥ

֪ȾضԹԵĻģϾߵˣȾ뿪ȥֻֽһ仰
үܽƶ

ȾסȥĦ仰үߵԭԴȻתĿ죬̶Ƭ̣ΪҪүûгԶŵĲ£
ԭΪ˱ܿү

Ⱦȥ֤£õĴȻǰ㣬漴мֲһֻƳҪôѪϣүܽⶾҲһʲô⣬үƻ衣
ȷ˷嵽ûˣ
Ҳûκ
ÿնҪѪԽԽ࣬Ҫ˵һ˶ûУȻܣ˷Ҳѭ򽥽ֻҪÿʵЩѪĳʳۣ㲻ʲô⡣

ˣȾԷЩ

ҰȾߣű뷨´ӦһȥΧˡ
ͷ۵飬װУǰղöȣҲףĻ²һУУ
ҪףԴţŲС

дֽȥдԼļƻҪһҩµǰ

Ůӵÿ¶йɵģ˵ҩǰƺ

ţ˵һҩ裬ĵûж˵


գ´ӾӪлظ;УС˺Ȼ˵С˽ţ
ԣü΢̴ȥ
Ⱦȴ˶٣ڹ۶˽ţΪүʲôҲ֪˵زأ
µ֪˺ֻʣңȻûע⵽Ⱦ

¸ϵʱڸҩҪ°ˣ
̧ۿȥ˵߶ϣұ죬֣
еۣɤģ

С԰ףûʲôѪɫȻ۵ĺ˵ģ
ǰһ§սֱۣͷͷ
Σ

ŤЩأû˵ͷԴ޴ˣ

΢ģ漴뵽ҪʥȥΧԣü

Ų԰׵С˳ԼһĽţ͵͵̾һ
Ҫһ°ɤ쳣Ρ

ܲСģ
û£ʱ䱾ᾡʱ㡣

ҿɲԸĳʱһҲãҸպÿרһۣ
˵¶ʱһķŵΣ·ͻ˵ȷǷǳʵʱһ

֪ǽϵǺģҪˡ

ȴ̫ģԺҲҪ

û£ǽֲˣµģҼֵ
Իұ

ȴڼˣ汾һ𣬰߸űŷģ

䣬һδһʰҩʵȥˣ
ŲڣʺˣϷϣү˼

˳ƿ£ɫмΪѣ֪ȥԳǸ꾩ˣãǼ֮ǰ뷨
Ҿڸ˰ɣҵȷӲˬ̫붯

Ĵаָⶼ½ǽˡ
ȴɳĬ˿·˵Ҫָȴһߥס
ȥͲȥɣ´αٴȥơ

Ҷ˶٣סĳ嶯
̫ϧˣ´һȥƹɽΧ

ƨɣεҲ֪ϧ˶ֵҿĽˡ

ŶסԼĽףҲ»ᷢ˵Ĳأļŵùġ


Ȼͬ˲һ𣬵վǲģȻ㽫Ⱦҵʹ
Ҿæܾ˴ȥΧûȾôУƽվʹҲȥĶȾˣ

»Ҫƣ׳ȾһӣʣﲻʣȾԺʣ˵˵´Ⱦµͷ

⣬µǰҪԼʱеķ´Ūҵڶնû뿪ʱļʱճǰѣûдιƳʱ


˴λԪ۵ɽΧԣҲǲԣ֮ǰԪ۷˴αûдУʺҪڹйԪ۱ΪУµóɡ
µĹԱ˻Ԫĺ£Թ򸮶⣬ĶǰչأĶˣ

мҵ棬Ƕһǰ˲Ǵ檾ӹ̫ӣҲ˲С

ʱ쳣䣬ǶԶԴҪʥǰһŮȴȱȱǳ뿪󣬴ұ㶼ĸ˻˴ʣů͵ĴеȺǵĹ

һߣ´˴ΪδһͬǰϢ˲٣ոӳĬ

Գʼµߣ˵ȾͰ˶ɢסʣ
ûүһǰ

ңϢº˲٣һ߹۲ΧûСӣڵ䣬˵ڸ汾ѣûУô

ҡҡͷֻ֣ǰĻᣬӦܸ˹ôһδλ᣿

ԣƫͷһۣƺ˼⣬ˣŲ
Щ⣬ǲô˽ӡ
üͷʱ£

һۣûӻƺǲ̫Ըͬҡ

̻ͷͷȾ࣬ʾش
Ⱦࣺǳǰһ죬أӷģ
үУ·;гʲôûдС

ԣ΢ģ

ʱһԵĲݴϸ΢Ķʶƫͷȥһֻѩ׵ӣԼ̫ԭ嶼΢΢ڷOO@@졣
´׼һӵĺȣԸȾ࣬
ȥˣȥ

ǣȾȥӡ

Ⱦձӣתͷ̫һˣ




38.  2   

һ˸̫Ӽ, 
̫µֻӣüҵζ˵˵, ʹֻӣ
´ӱǻﵭġš

̫ǳ˳, , Ҳֻ¶̬䵭
˴ҴҴ, ȼ뿪Ҳ뿪

̫ץֽ˽, ۶ȥӰĿⶨһϣ˼Ƭ̣ŵ, Ը˼䡣

̫һ˴, ·ͷжˣ˴αԪ۵, ȻҲԼĿ꣬ҪԼʵ, ڳռһϯ֮ء
˴ζõĻᣬȻܴ, 

¼˷ֿã㿴һͷ¹˺¹Եͷ¹Ӧܰεͷ

Ĵ, ׼˶ͷ¹

עȫڶֻ¹ϣĻľиǷһ˲䣬
еļûһļ߲ţֻ¹Ӧأ
ĹҲ˳׹أļ򱻷ŵǵˣʹʶ̧ס˼ϵ˿ڡ

ᡰ˻ͷ󷽣һģӰͷǲŷһһŵļǰ

Ϸظ
ūϹûע⵽ϹӣϹӣϹ

ǷŸ̫ߵ

Ҽˣüûü˵ʲôĶΧ̫ӣ̫ӹһΣҲµ˷ʲô

ǳϹŵ
㾹ϹԹĴӣõ̫ǿӲɫ࣬˵ţҪԸ˽Ϲŵȥ

ֹ̫ӵķԸȻ˵ǳϣ̫ӵ½˽ã̫ӵΣ

ԣ̫ϵˣüδã

Ȼ̫ҽΣ˿ڴСã
ȫһɷ̬ܵ
¼һԸӸµƳ۵Ϲŵת俴һԵ̫ӣ
̫ӵǲʾˣܷ𣿡

˻£ΧĿ쳣ž˭֪̫Ϊ£󳼣ӭȢ˶λˣӵ̫ӵĳȴٵĿдԸеŮҲվ̫ǱߵӪ

̫ɫȱ任ν콻ӣ쳣ѿȴ˵Ļ


û̫ӣȴûкܺã

Ϊˣ±˳ҪӻȥƵɣһǰ뿪
˻Ԫǰµû̫ǲ磬ֻĳС˵ģ

Ԫʲô׵ģֻ˵δ˭ˣ᲻֪̫µˣ
̫ʲôӣһر

ϵ˷Ⱦ˺½ǵĲְִģ˻Ԫۺе̫ҽ°
ͷȻǲļΪʱõļļͷʵģͷ˶.ǲ˿Щ˿ĵλЩ
ڻָøã̫ҽзϣ

ûʲôνĵ˵ͷĵǣ˿ڴˣʲôʱΧԣ
̫ҽһߴҩҼӣڵζԣ㻹Ъϳ˼˰ٲҪϡ

̫ҽ˿ڴѪʪĲֽΧѼʼĴЩʹסˣ

ѱ¶ֳ˿ڣͬʱע⵽¶ļϣһǳǳ״̥ǣȻǵ̥ǵɫܵȻһ۾˳

ֱĶļ򣬷ȷϣǵȷһö״̥ǣ

Ͼ˵ӣұߵļϱһöǳǳ̥ǣ̥Ǹպܹϡ

ԹĴӣӿν˸ӴŵĹϵ𾪣ǻڣû֤֮ǰܹ֪Ǵһ಻֪ôͬȥ͡

м任½侲⣬ȾԸļ䣬
ī࣬Ҫ֪Ӻͯʱڵ飬ʱĽŶҪ𣿡

ǣ֪ˣȻµԸǹ죬ȾʶȤûжʣֻǽµҪ󴫸ī࣬õļĴ顣

֪ע⵽ϵ̥ǣ̫ҽ˺ɾѣȥ£Լɵ㣬

֧Ϊɱֻ¹Ӵ˼Ӧҵļƫ˼
ΪӦþʹˣֲ˼ҵΪ˸ҵѵ

ǡҷǳȷƺû̫ӣ
̧һۣ㿴̫ģ

ûסۣ£˭֪̫խ֥С¶пıο˾̫ߵˣ

ţ¶Ļÿɷ

°ֻͣЩ֣Ӧûе̫ӰɣΪʲôҪ֣

䣬Ӷ˶٣̧Ǳ˰ɣ

ʲôЩǺ
ôҲû뵽̫ӾȻΪұ£ת֣Ҳ̫Щ

ԺүԶһ㣬û뵽ζԻΪ̫
뵽ؾûܹϾǰĽͣͷۣתͷһ룬ܵˣ
˵ջ

뵽ЦЦڲϳһ£ҲûôѽˣԽ£Ȼ̫Ϊ²Ǩŭ²ʣ˵׼øֵã

Ԫ۶̫ȻȻ̫ӸҪ
Ԫһӣ̫ǻʺճ˵ճӣ̫ǺƷԣһ£˷ԣ
ֻҪ̫ûʲôвĻλ飬ԪԸλ󣬴λ̫ӣ

ԣ̫Ϊ˹ԼڳеĵλȢôλԪ۴δֹ̫ӳеıҲֻֻ֪Ҫ̫Ӳȡܽܣ

Ϊ̫ӣ˭ݶʸλã


˴ζԣΧһʱ࣬ȱȱԴ̫¼δζҪѹ̫һͷ̫ڱѹȴûжʵʩ
ʵϣϴλҲû£͵̫ǰȴԲǺ˵ͻȥģ
ȻһνԳˣԪۻƷĽһְ
һ˴εˣҲܣ

Խʥݴ̻ؾ־³ˣ˽ڣ
ʥݽ󣬱Ȳӹϣ
ôղҲ֪ҵˣ
ǲѾܹˣ

ҶµĹһ֪Ƴ浽һҲؼļ죬⼸ĵѪЩ࣬ÿռԴȹģ֮ǰӦӣѾûˣ

ɽ˽ڣС࣬ҺһС룬þ࣬㱧Ǽûɵڴ߼




39.     Ը

꾩Ķռõչ, ǰڴߣϦ, ҲûЩ
߽, һҩ, ҵģؼļ, Ѫ⣬Ȼµġ

ÿ, ҼҩΪʳ˳˼գҲϰˣĶҩŽ, ҽ۷ŵһ, յҩôЩ

ģ˼չã¹Щ, Ϧ³ԣҲá

һĨЦ, ɫ԰ףôི, 

ִӹҩţȴĶ㿪ūιɣ
һ㶣ʶԼָʮָָ, ǲ۵С˿ףιƳƵģ
иҩ࣬ÿնҪٺõҩҲֲס
ֵĻмӣӡǳҲ޷ӣ

ָ飬ǳһĨЦãιҰɣ

ţҨһȴ˴Ŵյߣһιס߶ң
ˣͲ˰ɣȻūҲУһָˣ

ҡҡͷãҴӦүôʳԣ

ģѪΪүⶾĹƳ棬˲㣬ү֪۲ģҲûʲôġ

¿еҩţ£ΪүƳ棬ԸģôԴҶүĳŵأǲԼү𣿡

ֻǿԻһӣϵ˺ЩˣҲеģүģ𣿡
ĵҵ֣

ֻףµȷƳȽҪҷһŰɣʱˣͰɡ

ùҩţĶˮҽ˫֣ŽƳĹСı˳ŵϡ

ԣһԵذףԼĻһӣʹ΢ü
ʺѪҺСϪһ΢΢ƣѪøЩ

վһԣҩۣһÿһοĸԼȴ¡

עߣûע⵽⴫ĽŲ
һ·ߵüΪżңûţֱߵԺߵƫţ

ƫŴС˭ͷ㴫үŵæţ
үվͷһ򿪣үֱӴ߹С˾æ򵽵ϡ

¼żңߵÿ죬һ̤ҵԺӣŵԺһǳǳҩζȻܵ»ܲߵСӦ°ҩ

ü΢еǸµĲҲӿˣһ·Ѿ߶ͻȻֵүүŵС࣬Ѿ̤ҵӣǶ˶δ

ԺŵҩζʱеĵǱû뵽ǣһ̤ӣЩֹͣһĻ
ĵĨ̵ֻͷƤǰץסҵ֣
ʲô

¼־ŭѪ䵽µУѪµΧҵֱ΢

û뵽»Ȼ˻ֱܵ²ֱۣŻһ˲̧ȥֹץסĵֻ֣
ſѪιˣƳɵģ

ұѪιƳ棬Ӳ㿵ٴɤҲżûʲô
һ¶ż̬¸Ǿŭۣ

һԿţοүۣҲԸ⼸µѪΪү׷ѣæش
үȷſɣֻƳѪѾ˽£⼸ؼӣǡǹƳ⣬񲻰׷ѪԼ𣿡

⻰һʱסæֱۣڵѪķڹӿϣΪŵĴϣѪֱӺּѹԼģѪܹø࣬

Ա߿ţˣæӵϹӣҵĸҩüֱ

ĨҩøɾĲҲϣӱ˻ȥֱӹǰͷ
ū澷ԴԽˣү𷣡

ҿɫӲ£ĵȳȥɣ

̧ͷǰλӣûж໰˳ȥ

ĳȥ²Ŷҵʣ˭µģ

򴽣ͷȥԺʱǵ̸
˵סµֱۣÿ϶
֪㵣ֻƳӰҵӣҪŷܹƶ𺦣

ȻҪѪǸ򣬶ÿ춼гԺܶಹѪĶһûģԣģ

ҵѪܽϵĹƶõġ

СͫĵǺϲµģǰСһʱȴ֪ôӻֻֽ̧ӵ˻ıǵƶʹԱ˵ʲôɱԸΪҶ˺֪𣿡
ģԸģ

½ӵøĿգ·ֻӵӣԼܵû£

˲֪ãҸомִ£
»ɿֱۣ

ϣмС˷ܣٹգֻƳܳɹˣϵĹƶнˡ
µǰС˷ܵȴֻע⵽԰׵СѪı֡

ָ̧Сʣ᲻úۣ
۵ģЦŵ԰׵ģЦȴһѵµࡣ

ҷżѹĵΣͷץס֣뿴ˣ
ȴ֣ƺ̫¿

ȴֱùСս̯Ҽֹˣֻ÷

ĵС֣ٴסָ΢ָͷϵСף
ԭ۵ָ϶ССףȻҩ޸ȴмѭ

ߥָ̧ǵѪµˣ
˫Ȧе죬

ҵͷţиҸҩĨһʱˣġ

ôܷģĵһԼ֮ǰȻûϵˣԼȻ᷸ôʧ

Ժ󶼱Ըҩţ

ţҹԹԵͷһֱôƣԼ֣ҫҩ࣬
㻹˵ҩҲͦģȻԿ˿ϣȻа̺ۣ˿ڵʹҲͦõģ̺Ҳȥ

¼һֱڱܿ⣬֪һֱţܣžõ¸
ΪԼŻЩķ£Сʾ֭±Ҳ˳ĻԼ
ֻǱģֻҪܹģҲԸ⡣




40.  ħ   ұ˶֪ϲ㡭

, Ҳһ޷˳ôõģǰ˽һ£Ҳǰźõ, 
ܹڶǰһôɵ˽ţضٲ˴Ⱦ, 
Ժ鷿, Ⱦͷβ˵Ļ渵
ĸһֽ, дţ, үԳܽƶµүûнʱгԶŵĲµ¸ү
֪ү𷣡

ȾҲʱ֪, ȻĵΪүԼѪȥһֻƳ, 

ԣֻԸȥʮ, ԺסˣİΣһ, ֪𣿡

ǣ, Ⱦ๰£ȥ췣
µ֪Ƴһ£Ҳ֪ˣʲôĶûֻǰ֤, ҵһ£·ġ



˴ʥݶԣ˺ģ֪ڷνͦοģֵ֪ˣ˲üӦһڴſںţ

ڸǰͣ£Ӧǰ棬̧ͷͷŴ˸飬ʣˣ

ϷӦｹƵѯʣеֲڣֻǼ˵ˣûʲô󰭣ﲻصǣ

վں棬ɫҲûʲô⣬ķģųӦ
Сӿûʲô£ģ

׵˸мʵǲóȥ˹еĿ⣬

Ӧﱣ֤һһʵ֪ƺӦŷȥ鷿

գҲûϾ浵Ӱü˼ѵ֪Լ˵£

ϾȻ֪˵£ȥ벻ȥ֮ã
ȥ룬Ϊʲô뷨ᣬ

ˣϾջѡ˲ȥȥֻǲǰ¶棬ʵǴŴӰںĵڹ۲˿ͦӲʣҲûʲôٻļԷģ
븸״鷿ȥʱٶ㵽˵Ӻ󣬴Ƕȥ󣬲

һ⣬ܵĹӣôҪ
Ͼֻҡҡͷ׻лҪ˵ҾͲȥൢʱˣʣ߰ɣ

Ȼɻ󣬵Ǵﶼ˵ˣҲֻˣ

ȴΪûϾ浣˼ЩƮ鷿˵ʱ
ϵûʲô󰭣˿ڻָҲ㲻ּ㱵ģҲ˵ʲôˣܿ뿪ˣ׼˼磬ӷϴ

ȥ鰸ԣ˼
ˣȻֻǵһ䣬Ҳȷ¶̫ΪԪ꾩̫ȴǲӣ£𶼲ưոݵģ

̫ӴˣǸøѵˣ

Ӹ׵鷿뿪ȻԼԺӴϴһһڼϣҲøɸɾļϾ浣
֮ǰûڼſȥϵļ磬ܲٲɣ

ȷϾȻʱ˲м磬ⶣ׼ģȷܲȥ
ֳϣٲ뷨ı䣬ԣϾ浱ֵĻ򶨣ֻǼһѣŴȥǰԺ

Ͼ浵ʱûӦﵹǵˣϾ浱һӦ˻ֱ߽ͣ˻ͷ
ԣһ㿴Ͼ˲䰲һĻĳ˳˸Ͼ浶λ
ʱʹϾߣҲֲʲôãѾ棬ܿһٷֵá

ڶ£Ͼ浱оҺߣ棬û˿ע⣬޼ɵϾ΢ü

˵ʲôֻһֱϵؼв˳ԣŶĿ⣬һٷϾ海֣ȻԶˡ

һȫսϾ뿪ʱɫµᵽԺʳ
ԣֻǼװԼԺӣʵĵƵϾ浵Ժӣ

Ͼ浵ȷԵЩص뷿ϣܾû̹Щ͵ģôȥʳ
һ¶ǣϾ浴ڵ
ҵԺһߣȥ˱ˮ

æ磬ɣСˡ
Ͼף

˽ڣͷûɫߵȵŵϾ浲ԶûƣֻܼƵķΧػơ

ĵԻһ۱㿴ǱϾ߶Ӱ
ʵ΢ɢͷһŻůİΧģͷ˶ҲЩˡ
ЩĶѣ

˹ȥϾûע£һѽ˹˵ȵܿܵĹߣ

Ͼ浱ͻĶŵĲʧУʱסͣ
ң𺰣

ϤϾһ漴ֽɤõ̫ˣ
˵űҪвſڱٶұ˶֪ϲ㡣

ϾһڰУڵͫȫǲţǴû뵽˵Ļ
ǿ·ҲжԼʧһΣȻѡ˵вĻ
ʧõ˵Ҫ

˼תֻ˵仰˵ˣԻ뿪Ҳʲôģ

ڲʲôǾԺʲôϾԺ̲ס룬˳Ļ͵͵ġšѱ档

ҲȥᣬɿϾ촽ƣϸļĻߣŬסĵȣԼȥ룬
վڷڣϾ浵ȥͷĴ磬ʱôûſڿңæ𣿡

ɤһ˲ȥ˵Ǹæ֣Ҫ紵ߣ޷µľǿڸԼҰοҲϾ浸һĻش

ϾԣֻءšΪŷ߲͵Ĳ˾䣺ڿ˱
𣿡̫ţȴʶȤû׷ʣ˵Լ£
ζԣʥϷҽ죬ԺÿնҪȥﵱְ㲻ٵĻڸңͲҪһֱԺˣ

˵ԳЦЦʱ򲻾ԼĴô˵¶Լôʹأ
ʲô
ڵʲôȥŵأ

Ͼڷ죬ȴĵΪˣǻʲôԭϾ浶ĵΪģ
΢΢˲ӣһεְʲô£ȥʸף

ΪĶ׼Ҳûʲôģ
ͷǰˣ˵˽˵Ǿ仰ϣĳһգվҵߣҲʱ˵仰

䣬˳ƬڰĽ䣬䣬ȥɣ
˵ȥ

Ͼԭãֱֱ꣬ȻعҲƵͷݣ

һ˲Ȼܸߴħ




41.  Լ   ʱƶ

˵⼸ѾֻƳؼʱ, ԣ¼ôۣȻѡĬĬҵ, 
ҶչԣԪҪ˼ռ, ԭ, ⼸ҵߣ, ܰ࣬

⼸, ιֻԹƳѪҺ࣬⼸գ۱ŵѪιƳ棬ȻǳԸֲѪҩ, ÿÿ񾭽, 
յϣвɱĿʼ˼ֽ, ȥһһ飬ȴʼ˯, 
ۣ, Ǳ۾ȴرѣһ

һһԴ
Ƴܹɹ𣿷ڵĹƶܳɹ⿪

½һпһ۾ʱ, ºȻӴһѽұʲô
Ļײļѣ˵ֻƳɹҺ£³ʲô⣬ϵĹƶ޷˳
ɤȴż

һɹѵ޺ضȹˣҵĹƶҲ⣬
οǹƳ棬ľѪȥģΣһɹģ

ԣõģӦģԼɣúõ˯һ˾оȥιƳ棬֪𣿡

һ˵ҵļȥɣĽ˯ţ
ҵĺỺ̧ѹѹϵıӣĴָ˸ûѪɫ
ŻɵɫȻ޴棬ȫǵǣ
գҵľ񽥽ЩĶĳط񣬿ֻҪһָֻһɵģȴǲĽţ
ȥ˯ţĽţ˻ſƲסȥ⼸յһǰֳǣ
ǰԼĵŵģҲһֱԼ

¾һ۵ֱͷʽӵ£װԼҲ˯ĲС֪Լһû˯Ҳᵣĵ춼ɡ

ͷɫ΢ұµĻ۵һ˲䣬ʶԼȻ˯úܺãҲоԼ񾭷˲٣ûǰôˡ

ͷͷˣ룬չȥ˿ǣҪ˻·µƺȻ̧סĺףֹȥԴ
ĴŰ֪˶ãֱҼҪʱ²ɿĴʣ˯ú𣿡
ţҵ˵ͷС챻һͨŰмֳѪƺΪŵǱСȻȾ˼ַۺ죬ĿɫЩ
¿˻Ʋסֵͷϲ˲䣬Ժÿ϶һ

֮ǰܲססÿ׽ܲס̫ľԱЩ²ֻǼ򵥵ȴǲԡ

С΢ȣ̲ס̧ؿڣ΢ɣιƳʱˡ

˵µĻֱƿ𴲣ŵµҲ䵽˴

ʱʱɵĵȴУӭһ죬

죬ֻ˯˶̶̵ʱʱ䣬µĻ϶˵ֱ࣬ͷɫվǸ
ͷĵ³һ
ôõӦǸܺõԤװɣ


ʱһεѪҰ˿ڣҵעȴȫǱߣ
ֻƳɹ򣬡

ϵĽƷǳԣȴԵúɣֻһ̧ͷң϶
ƳѾɹˣİɣ

ԣҸ˵ֱԭر𣿹ƳɹˣڵĹƶнˣ̫ˡ

һģŵæס̫˷ˣʣϾ˲ѪҵĿģȴֻӣĵ˿ں½ţŻͷ
ЩѪҩţٸͷżһ飬һﲻãҩҩòҲҪ¡

ϷףͷӦ£ֵȻԹƳѾιɹү㾡찲ʱ䣬ϷүڵĹƶɣ

԰һ˹ƶҲǺõģ

ȴĬ˻ƶҪã

򣺡˵һգգҲã

Եɴ۾ôҪôã

۹ƵĽⶾôԹƳȥԹƳʱԹƳ棬ȴжϣ򳤻̣пܡ
еԨԴ

˼˻˵ԼĴ㣬
¿ɷԺ󣿡

ܶӵĻڿ쵽ˣôʹҲִ룬ǲǸӣٲʱн꣬Ҳ䶨ˣһĵ鼸գҲ¡

ûΪҪţԥӦ

ʱ㱧ǹӻԺӣֻƳƱֻա
뿪ɻ£
ΪһҪⶾڵĹƶһղ⣬Ͷһֶ𣿡

תߣͷ鿴ˣٽ꣬лµȥͻȻ飬ֻʥ
ʵ¹֮ˣ²ֹһλɹԪۣ

ӳٽƶʱ䣬ֻΪһûжۣ²Ԫ۵ĻɣʱԪЩ鷳Թ˲Ͼ˵°ɡ

Աһʧ

Ȼǹϵе飬ҲȰĬµĴ㡣


ʮ壬ʹִ룬ܻԪ۷ԸԽӴ˸ʹ
˴ף֮ش˭֪ԽӴʹһ£ֹһλ󳼽µΣԪԸ̫ӽӴΪ׼Ǳߵ̫Ӹңת󳼵Ľ飬ԸȥӴ

Ȼҷ֣ʹ¿νϹϾԻԪʱһģһۼ˶ܿߵĲͬ
£óĹԻԪۣϵѹòˡ

¶Щģ鷿ã˸ߵϾεˣ
ˣ²ûж˵ʲôī鵽ȫݸˣԹĴӣеһУṩĶԵϣ

״̥ǣĳʱ䣬ܶϡ˵Ѿߣûͷ

ٷֱߵϣÿһ㣬ȷϾһģһ˵ΨǸѾߣ֪Ӻ֣
ѾؼˡܲܶҪѾߵ֤УѾߵȥǻö֪




42.     ԩ

¶ʮ, ˸볤򸮶Ļ֮գӹгޣǴݳ, 
ⳡ׵ĻȻǱĿ, , ֻɱˣɫȴϲɫ, 

ԸȢνĸ⼸η޹, 󱻳ֱջڲŽ˷˳
ѾЭȴԱϲɫ, 

ıͽ˿, ۣû˸ҽ, ϾǻԪµĴͻʥּһǺ, вأӰĿ֮ĺ, 

ŮߣܱߵŮ춼ݱȽϸߵģŴϢʱм־ݰҲó˵

Ӳ˼, Ѫɫֻǻָ˼֣ϸƣǿĳӹƲ̫Ůɵģ㶼̴չм䡣

΢ЦӦԣֲʧֱϾ浳֣ЦøЩ
˵˻Ĭֳͣϣ强ʱ

ͷɹѾӭ˻볤׽ЩŮ죬ȥ·ȥˣ

ֵʱ򣬳ƫŴȴڴ˷ǮֽֽдŻջ䣬ȻС˺ܿ췢֣ϵĲǮֽɨȥ»ע⣬
ͬʱԩı죬ǾõȺʱȴ˽ȥһԩһԩֽ
дţԩ

󾪣״ֽ˺»ȥֵǣù֮ȴûӰ

꾩飬˽·׷ۣһʱ䣬򸮵ϲûۣƫŴΪֽǮ¶Ȼ󲨣
˭֪һģǰ䣬򸮵Ĵүӵĸף

¶˽¶ڲ²⣬һѵԩ飿

꣬ɶĿõģʱǽƣһңǱԩģ
⻰Ҳֻ˽ۣĿŵۣڿƣۣҲܹЩﲻʹ졣

ڷڵĳȻ˵ϲڲ˵һ˵գ
Ȼã̫˵滤ԩɫ쳣ѿ̷ԸٶȲ˭ڰŪǷǡ

̫ڲ鱳ʹӵˣ

ڳ򸮵գ˵µʱҲһĵײɵÿʼ˼ѵ⣬˻ţ

ΪʲôҪ״ֽԩȴ¶棬ηˣ
ȷݺˣȨǿ
֮ƣҪ취ҵԩ˲С

һʱҲ֪ôӺδʼѰҡ
»Ҫӳ䡣

粨Ǻܿ챻ĻָǹһЩҲʱֲȥ̽ң鶼ȥˣҾ͹ĿУ
£Դӳ͢ݿʼÿһʱ䶼ճߵģʱ̹עңֻҪһ¶ƣ̬˵㱧ȥϢ
κ˴ţҺΣûʲôκΣ

ϦһգǳŮҵӣ
ҶϸˣֻϾмڴ
ϾѾԭϾ浵׽ҲǸʱµģ

ϸ׼ģҾǶŵӹ˹ۣ׼ĶǷĵģ
ϸǰԺһұϾȥԺӣ
˷ֿȥԼԺӣ

˵Ҽ޸²ãѡ˸ңϾ浸˼ѡȷѡҲ򸮵ӣ

˵޹ȥ󣬹Ĳò̫飬ҲԹȨƣûԺС檣
ֻǸ֪ůģЩźɣ
ҵϾԺﲻãһͷѾ߸Ӧ밲ϾԣԲüΣ

Բ󣬲֪ΪʲôӦܻԺŷ˵¶ϾرΣ
ƫƫӦﻰ˵ĺ˵Сϵ֮ǰ̸ʱ䣬˽һΪҸӡ

Ͼ浵Ӧ˵ͦ࣬ԽԽǱŤ
һӦ̲ס̾
Ӧ߽Ƽң΢һ˲漴㸩

æ£

ӦϾ浣Ϊ£ڣǲÿˣ
䣬ѾǱûֻԶԶһͨ磬ůģ

Ӧ²ãŵһϤҩζ
ζʧɢʦƵһζҩͦȫӦòеڶ˻У

ϾؿۣϸţȷζǴɢģ˼ȥã̽ŵйɵҩζд󰭣

䣬Ͼ̿ңͷŴ˸飬Ӳ

ӦĻҲ㶣ԭļУ֪Ӧöȴû뵽ӦﾹȻųϵҩζ
ЦЦûʲô£ֻǰ˵СˣϴҩĨգѾ࣬

߽ģû뵽ôֵñ߶ˡ
˵Ƥӣ

Ͼ浲ͬһƣӦȻֱƭˣ
ˣҿ

æģ֤´ΣҩͦõģѾˣ˵Ž쵽Ͼ浵ǰ

Ӧһ˵Ĩҩ࣬иǼּϼʲô˺ۣȷţи֮룬֪ɷӦ

ң˵ʲôҪæĵط
ӦҲƴǣеĻһһ
õҩ࣬ҩζʧɢʦƵһζҩ༫ƣȷԣϵλ򣬡

⻰һֻңϾ浶㶣ô꣬ǵһӦԼˣλʦ֣һҪ
ȻҲһ㣬ֻ´꾩ˣǸƢģյ治һڴӦͬ˵һҲҪ
˵ǲѣλүߵˣø֪үУλƢر𣬼Ҳǰһ´Ը

Ӧͷҵлͷˣ

ﲻضҲֻǾ֮ͣ벻ÿ˼



ϸ뿪ظϣ£
ǲ
ȴ΢˻ʣ˵λΪŵϵҩζģ

ţҺϵѾˣȻҶ֪ô˵

Լиʧɢʦ־ζҩ
ҵͷ԰˵ûпܾӦʦ֣

µͷ͵пܣӦ꾩ΪҸˣ

Ҿõɴ˫ۣ




43.     ʦҲʦ

û뵽лԨԴ, һֱΪǮӦǻؾأû뵽¶
ô˵ӦпܾҪҵˣ
ɫڼ, 

䲻룬Ǹ˵ˮ, ûи߱ҪѰʲô, ǣ
ֱȴüп, ҾӦǣ㿴ӦȻֱܷϵҩζ, ˵ҩ⣬аҩЧôãһӦƲ, 

ü, ıǼ⣬ǾͰǼһ, һ֪ˣ

ԸԸ𣿡

ţ´, ҪҪĴ, ֱС

ң

˵ظǽǰ
꣬ɫر𼤶µǵһϿɫ

˵ż, һլԺ檣һҽ棬Ǹ⣬
ӦԭǲУ

Ϊ¶רŻϸ˭֪Ӧ׼
ѾǰүˣһʹߵŮȥһ˰ɣ

ȷʵǺܺõİţ˵˵İţ׿ֻỳӦݣҲûȫķϸӦ󷽷ĸ߸ףȥʣ

ϾǱǶһˣҪô࣬
ȻˣӦȥѣ룬ȥͬ˵

ǣ׶ԴµͬûʲôĻˣҲЩ

ҴӦصӦȥԺӣһʦãڳ˵ҲŤԱ㲻ȥһʲôһǣ

ǣӦ꾩˸ˣҲȴһ׮£ӦҲˡ
ûԺתȥµ鷿Ѱ鷿ŷ²鷿;壬֪¸մ鷿ȥԺ
Ժߣ̤ԺߵԺﻭأ

˫һ첽߹ȥ»ԺӣͬǣƾսӰȥΩΩФġ

ԭôã
ۣ˫͡

³տһۣڵöбʦָ˵ȥ˵飬

ԣʶ֮ǰЩ׷ʣ鷿ĻǷʦ͵ģ

¡š

һʱͷʦǲʶ游ģôһᣬѾֱӣ

ͷɫмֹ֣ǰĻ֪ʲô̷±ʣǵʣôˣ

һʶһĨЦҡҡͷת˻⣬
ôãǷʦӦûĸðɣ

µͷʲôҵʦʦҲʦ

ҽӲĳ˳ǣεЦЦ
üԸ⣿

ҡҡͷ²ʲôѵǣֻһʱûӦ
ʵ˵ʲôζǶԷûȷܾùֵֹģ
ġ˵ʦǸʲôˣסȥ

ȴһĨˣʦԱܺã˶٣ֵֻʦѾˡ
ʲôҴ󾪣ʶʣ

ò֪游йصˣʲôмֵ¸ԷѾˣ
Ҹʱȥһʦɣº͵ȻʦԩûƽܻһģʱʦԺһˣӦҲοɣ

ֻ㶵ĵͷһʱģʵҲûµ˵ʲô

ʱ⴫ĵĶԻ
ʱջ

Ӧ˽̧һӦ˫ͨ죬ۿﻹᣬ֪ʦã

ˣҲΪ˸ˣǾ˵ģŻôɵ

Ӧǰһ
򣺡ϷлүϷ¹˳ʦžۣ˷ݶ飬ϷΪ
ӦлүԺõĵطүܷԸ

æǰˣ˵ҲԼĹͣӦүⶾҲײҩ࣬нǵط꣬˵ҰǵģҲҵѪⶾ

ӦԣĬ˻ʣү˶

򲢲֪ǷԸѴó˵˻˶Ѿˡ

䣬ӦɫûмʣµеĶܶ˵
ùƶǿ£֪д۹ƣһδ⣬

Ȼ֪ĳ˵⻰ֻΪʦĪҪʣ

жһ£ҷֻ˳˵Ļʶ£ǺηӦ
ܵҵ°Ŀһۣ˵ò汾ⶾŻԵɺط꣬

ȴǹһ£ǰүʹ¹ش۹һ£ѪܹΪүϵĹƶãһж̫ɺһЩ

»ʣǻظһ¹үһ㣬
ϴżֳɣ½¿Ӧﱻ˻뿪ֱ򣺡ʦö

û뵽ү۲ϸأǣʦϷʦͬţȤͬʦøϲ̽ͬĶԾȴ²ߣֻԶҽϷȴʦ෴ϲоҩʦõӰ죬ԶҲ֪һ

£ԡóϵĶû⣬
ĬĬҲ֪үе˴۹ơ

Ŷüζ벻ԷȻո߳һ۾֪еʲôǸͦõ˲ţԹĺԺȻЩˡ

ȴΪ¶ʦòģæصүģʦὫ¶§ȥһؿƿ

ţ²Ĵ£Ȼһ棬ԷʲôˣóȽ֪ʦãǺξ
Ǳ˵ˣС뿪ǸѾߣҲùƶ

ǶΪʧɢʱʧɢģôãôȷҪҵСʦã

ΪҪ˽˵ıûж룬ʵ֪
ϷʦʮʱһˮʧɢģֿʱʦϴΪϷϲѰҩģԱȽرУϷ֧ҩ࣬ȫӦеڶó

µͷʣ֪ʧɢ
ʱִ٣Ϸûϸ֪ʦʧɢ󣬱˾뿪˴룬ʮ֮󣬲ֻص룬

ԣмȷӦǵߵˣֻǲ֪;ʲôī鵽ȴΪϺ󣬲ű




44.  ⶾ   ˹ƶӰɡ

»ֻӦﱾ˲ܽ, Ⱦཫ¸ī࣬ϸһӦмֵ, 㼰ʱ

һ±㽫һճ, ݰ, ˵ͦ࣬ԵŰ, ûмֻµļν, 
ŹºȾƵģӴЩˣ½ⶾӶ˳壬

ͷһ, վ½ƶ, мּмֵǣµĻ, һֱڿǰĽ
±ֵû, ƫƫղз£³ʲô, ˣ¿νһ
ƫƫ֪ǰ߶߶ģʵ޿, ѹ£Ҷʱ
£ģţ
ͷĴĴḧİнǵ
˫ֱµĲӣسԼУӦİ

һƬУµĺԽԽأĴǻ䣬ĿĶ䣬۵Ķɢܰ㣬
ſڽĶ.ҧһڣ
Ƚ˹ƶӰɣ

Ϣȣߵͳа飬 
ұڶߵ̵ö΢飬˷ŵĵǣµĻӣ飺
һСӣ
죬ҲŲҪ

˿ۻЦһ߷˾ɧӶˣѿɲС˵㣬С˵㣬
ô˵ţСĻ˵ɷµġ

ߵÿҪըˣæ̧µ죬ղѣ㲻˵ˣ

˳ģǲŹɧϣеϧٹôֱô֣ţ

ˢһջ˫֣ߵµļתסԼֱȥҪ˯ˡ
¼ֱˢҶ֪ôҲû뵽ƽ￴ôˣվȻ˵ôɧ

ûע⵽ĵطȴʵʵڵһ
ֻԼ̶̵֪ļ仰νپתע

ҹˣһʱҲԼŵĵˣ¸շӽԼס˯
ôģº⣬ӵҲ۱Ŀ


ڶһ磬һ̣±ӣʼֽƶ

ͷĿ½ȥǰϣĵǣٴϯļ䣬ϵģϲµģرûס

ȻǱʶ֪ҽ߳ƳҲúܳɹǿƲסǵġ

ͷȥһֻȹϵϣѡ
һԣ̲סȰµȰɣүͷ֪ҪأʱԼڿˣү֪ˣˡ

һԵȾҲȰ˼䣬ʱ̽үĶ
Ҳϣ¸ս˹ƶҪĹԼ˻ǰ׼ȦϣһԵȲԽ

ĶŶķŷ

ŵģûôãֻ˼ڷ伸ڲ˱Բȥˣûʲôʳ
̧ͷɫֻʱôôʱȻŹ磬Ҳ֪ʱܳ

ļõ٣ĵȰ䣬ȴüҡҡͷ꣬ߵſڣҪһͷ½ƣ
üͷ¡Сɽˡ

ҡҡͷ̾ϢһȾ˸ֻýʣµķȥ
ԸĸЩϣõöЩ

Ķʣµķ˸յԺſڣ壬ʾİĶȥȰȰҪӣɱֳ¶
үһүǣǿܵҲûʲôӶཿ󰡣ɲүڣүҶñף

ţİɣū澻ῴġ

ţȥɣ˵ʣµķ˺뿪

һֿʼһһƣطظϵĵҲԽԽŨ

ۿ̫ɽ棬ͷȴûһ㶯ҵĵŶˣɳű䡣

ϣͷ¶轵ĸǽۿԸݱܷ磬ת˱˺ҸϣֻϣүĽⶾһ˳

ĵǣĽⶾ֮£ǻ˳

һֱôֱ񣬵ĻЩֲס֪ģҲȰˣֱ˰Ȧһطס˷ڣ
ٰ˴ӹǿиһˣȰסеķ磬ܿ԰ɣ

ұǿйӣҲûܾ

ˣڶһ磬´ŴССźıӣ˫գһƬںڣȦصˣ˯ˣ
üҲһƬСɽŷ죬ϵСﾪȻۣһʱ㿴ſڵķ

ǹһϣɫЩٶۣһʱûӦĶŶ濴ãС͵˫ۣС΢ţͻȻϱȥ£˵
ʲôʱģôҲң

ϵĹƶ𣿡

סƨɽһѱһԺߣߵҲųˣ

˶ֵôֲţ

ҽıµĲӣֻҵ㣬Ҳ˯ţɴˡ
ñӽҹĽģģġ

ûĻµĲֿЩ

ļүˮĽߣһ߷Ը˽ߣһ׼ȥ˰һ뽪
뿪ǰһȷϣүĶѾ˰ɣ
ţ˳

ϲüңͷˡ

ȾҲһ

½ұݣشϣȶñӽסԸ׼ˮϴˮ裬
ִ»ûشոյ⣬˫ѹסµ֣ʣ㻹ûشأƶ𣿡

ʵҼģ֪ƶ϶ǽ˵ģҪ׿ڸҪʽȷһ顣

¶һ٣ɫף֣صƶѾˣǳ˳˰ɣ

ţҵͷ̧ͷҪ
¶紵úͮͮС죬ɫ˼ƵĵͷĲ˲䡣
ϴˮ裬̫ˣȾϷ纮

һ٣ĬĬһ£е䣬ԹԵĵͷ

½ᱧȥ䣬Ѿˮҷڵϣ
Ұ㣿

ģرɬ룬ǵ˵ͷ
÷Է̵Ļ᲻࣬ͷһΰɣ

¶ܿ죬Ƭ̱ѵе·ԡͰ
ůůˮסȫҳһоر




45.  ι   Ҳһߣ

´ˮ˵, 㽫ҴԡͰﱧ˳ԭҲҪϴ裬ֻΪӿ, 
ѳ˺䣬¸հҷŵ, Ķ뽪, 
үūó뽪, ˷
³üĿ˵ͷʾĽ, 

æǰݹȥͷ˵һԣ

½ӹһߴ߷Ըȥ, ԸͷĴɨԶЩ, Ҫ

ǣ, ŵʱ򣬿۴ߵһԱ, ϲЦЦ
ĳȥûһͷ㽥ʧˡ

Ҷ߻ŷ¶˵Ļ, СȵģָڵĿ˿ǰıӣ
ȴûһȷĽ¶ȿԺˣҨһ״յҴߣ
˽Һ˯, ü۵׵ڣۣ

ҡŶֽӹ룬ҶȰɣһЧã
ĬĻûֹ

Ĵ뽪µ㣬
һյߣһŨҵĽζ˱Ƕʶ˱Ǽ⣬Сһţסһȥ
һɺصĽζֱš

̧ȣ

¹˹ӹŵһߣס°ͣ˿Ĵ꣬
Ҫס´β

Ҷ˶٣һζȻȥסµĴСɵֱ꣬һȦȻ˳
Ҳһߣ

±һŪ΢㶣漴ʧЦŸĺãҲУ

Ҵ˿ʱĽҺߵòУˣ˯ˣ˶ֲ˾䣺Ҫ塣

ƿ£űӝL˴ͷ

ҲգҲУ˯
˯


ʱҾһʱ֪ʲôʱӵڻļѣ
ͷ˵ĺƽƳӦûûȴѾû˯⣬

µڱ俪Щҳ¶Ƥ֮ǰǵĵطпź룬ϸƣǿźȴûӰ
ѵǴˣ

ֲ˲µ£̧ϸ˿Ȼûм֮ǰǿź롣
ףԾɻҪٿһ飬ȴȻͷ˷ѹס
ʲô棬ߴŸ˯ʱɳƣ

üֲ˲ڣҼǵ֮ǰǵλпź룬ôûˣ
ָָǵλá

¶˶٣ڵΪƶѾˣ

ţ£û뵽ź뻹ԨԴ
һͦÿģȻǾˣҪˡ

£ϲ˵һűǣ

ǲʹ࣬ôٵأġ
ܾ̾Լ죬Ҹղ˵ÿĻû˵

±⸱СģЦˣСǱҪ׵ģɱˣ
˵űһǣֱ׵һ޷

Ķӷ˿飬һݵġҾסԼСӣСȵòС

ûԣ˯ڣȷǶòˡ
Ҳһ㶣Цһߣұϣ˲գɣԷ

ҵͷȥ䣬

հ죬ܸо˹ƶ󣬸ϲʹºܸˡ

ԶߵݣźϰˣʱµҲöˣҲˣǰó׼ţ
ؽӺͿθүߣ򣬿ûмɻ䣬ٸĶ׼ʳȫܿЩ󲹵Ķ

ԣҴѣϴʱľ˽׼õ
һˮʮָ󶯣
ڸҲ۾һֱǱɵʧЦ
·һӣ̴ܵߣӾͼ˸ؽȷŽ
ʱ̾һĵ̫˽ˣرóԡ

һ˸ʢһЦŵϲԾͺã

¼ҳԵĿģüĿҲѵõĲ俥
ģ˵ү˳Դ󲹵Ķū澱ү׼ļСˣ

µġšû˵ʲôĻĿûͣԵͦģıҲˡ

ùţҳԵСӹĹĵģԺʳһߣ
ȾʱߵԶ߿˼ۣ
£үûǰ
ע⵽Ⱦ࣬ȾǱߺأȥɣӦм¡

ʱƫͷȾ࣬⼸շԸ£Ӧû˵ʲô
һݣ֪𣿡

ҹԹԵͷȥɡ


Ⱦתˣ˵˻ڣ߹һͬȥ鷿

鷿Ⱦţǰأү²״ԩһºͳǰǮֽһ£һؤΪǶ磬
·֣⻹һҲڲ£һ˰жңǹеˡ

ԣָãԸȾࣺҸȥ̽һ¶ԷΪ滤ƽΪڣ
ӦǱ߲ˣ

Ⱦࣺȥ˵ˮĵطİ˵ȷʵи˾Щˣ

ԹӵǼҲ˽չǺʵֻһ飬Թߺͷһҹ͵ǼңҲǮ˰¡

ֻǵµλ¥Ĺ࣬ȴǼǲˡ

¼˼ʱ꣬ҪȷӦݣ飬ҲѶȣİ취̽Ӧˡ

֪ˣӦ߲òˣа취һ£Ҫ졣

ǣףȾӦˡ

ų˼˻ȥԺҪ̽ӦСȥС

ٻԺʱǼûɵأ˼ЩƮһһ˼Ӧôȥո£ܱܿأ

½ʱҲûע⵽

¼߳񣬿ü΢ûߵҵߣֱһֱû̧ͷһģ

Ȼһ̧ͷվߣҲ֪վ˶ˣվŵţæˣ

µͷղʲô

ң
ûʲôЩӣȥߡ

üϣæգȥߣ

ҷǺĽڣܳȥתתҲͦõģ˳ŵ˵ͷ

СüĿ˼˼Ұ۷ŵһߣСʣҪ˵
¸ǰ¶̬ұ²

̧ͷ仰ǰ
ֳǸӣҾ




46.     ҪԶĨ

𾪵ֱӵɴ۾, Ͱûϣ㾪°͡
û뵽ϸﻹһ̫ӣ

֪һرȣ¶Ҳûȷ, ԱȥӦȷ, 

ҵͷ, Ӧֳ֪

¶˶٣ɵɵģ, ЩΣȻ, 

ŷӦԼ˸ɵ⣬ӦһֱֳߣȻ֪ģ
ԷѾ, ֻȷˣ

, 

ðɣȥһ, 

¼ַɵ˵ݸ, 𻰱ɣġ

ԼԴ, յַɵˣ

ٴɵЦŵ

ŭͻĽԸȥϸݻ, ˵Բ裬Ϊ˲ɣԸϾһϣʱҸڽӦ﻽ȥǡ

ڶգϾӦЯ˵ǳԲ裬ȻҲǰ׼˵ģ
һ̸ʢʱҸӦ˸ֻͷ⣬

ӦֻǶ˶٣֪ڸʦ
˻ӦҪȥޣǸ˳ȥ
Ͼûɣ

ӦԻϳȥ԰ڵĵطߣһ뿪ǵ߷ΧүߵһΣ
Ӧүȥһᣬ̣

Ӧһ㶣ʶΪƭģ룬үйعƶһ£Ͼϴ죬үҲ˵Ĺȥ

û˵ʲôȾȥ鷿

鷿Ⱥˣֱ߷йصĶ
ȾӦ˳ȥ

Ӧ︩񣬡ү

ɣϴʵûϸӦϸ۲ǰλŮӣ
ܰСӴӸʹŮӣز򵥡

Ӧ֪ڴȴ֪λȨ˸ߵүΪҪʵ
֪үк£

ջشߣתֱߵܷõźݸ
Ӧʶӹ۴ɻ

򿪿ɣ
¶Ļû˵ֻ

Ӧɫ࣬жʱһĴź
һۣ㾪΢΢

ȫǹĶѾȷǸӣ

Ӧźʶ̧ۿ۶ˣ֪˾Ǻ⣬
һֱģķӦȫվҲѾȷ
ǸӣӦǾСӵǸѾߡ

Ӧֻǿ񣬱֪ͲˣΪһʧ
ˣӦҲûҪ
үΪʲô

ǰ֮ˣⱻ£бѰҿܻŵСӣΪµСӵǱλùƶСѾ߾ߣλѾߣǴˣȣ

ţСѾڣһᱣСƽ䳯ƽȴҪСȥ˸ΪϾǸ죬ϥȴ˼λ

ӦȴЩɥǽҡ

ݺӵˣϾѾϳͣϾǸ䣬գҪһλΪľͳ죬ʱӻȥʱ

ô龫ǣѵΪһ죬ܹԸӵݣʾ𣿡

ЩȫӦѣοڽԲ͸¶ϲϾ浣ѾԼ

οǷصӦԼӦ㡣

Ӧ㶵ĴƬ̣µԻӣϣүܸһЩʱ䣬

ãϣﾡ֪ӣİյȲ𣬡¶˶ֵǱҪ֪᱾

ʲôҪӦܳĳϾȻű̫ӣϵѺã¶֪
ҪظϸӵݣҪԶĨ

Ӧ﹪ˣ

µ鷿ӦﻹȾͻԺǱߵĻ԰

ȥʦ֣¶ǵ鶨ˣͬʦֵɣ

ǱߣӦû¶ʲô

֪ȥ£Ȼܿ뿪ʱĲͬô˵֣ȷģӦҲƭĳɷ磬Ӧȣ˻˵ˣⳡԲԼ

ӦΪ˲ϾɣŲźϾһ뿪

ߺ΢ЦɫʱЪü΢壬Ҳ֪˵ʲôӦ￴ɫ̫á

֪µԣ׻Щ飬ȥ鷿ҷһʰɣ

Ҳ֪жӦΣ˵Ӧ뿪󣬱鷿ң
Ҳſ鷿ŵľһһ˵ˣ

ȷľǸӺã£ֳǲǵûظ

¸һ񣬵Ǳֻȥȶ֣һδĳֻƽ˵׼ֻ

ҵͷ̾һڶºãȻʲôͷ£ôֳ

ȹԵˡ

ף

ӦϸϾ海ֿصԼԺ󣬱㽫ԼãֱٽƻʱſųԸȥﴫְ
ȻҪ˵ҲûҪˡ

ְ󣬳Ǳ÷Ҫͬ飬
ʶüƬ̲ף֪ˡ

ʵѣӦԺߣһ˼ﵽǺ

Ǳߣһţ㷢յɫر࣬ҲûѾź²Ӷ˶٣߹ȥ
Ӧڣˣɣ

΢΢˵ͷӦĶ棬﻽к£

ӦҲĨǣֱԵ֪Լ˰ɣ㲢ǹү

Ȼ̧ͷӦߣ𾪣ԭԭĲǸġ

ӦûķӦֻܵʵ˸ӣңǵʱĸߵһѾߣңеҪȡУӳ˸

ӦӳȥżȻʶѣǵʱ¥ͷƣʵû˵ֻ˵ԼķѣΪԼҸıֶΣİ£ȽһũҼǶԷ򸾴ι
żȻ˹үܰˣںãʱǶũҷ򸾳ȥˣѰ˻˼ңҲӦԹүԼ£ֻݣ
үûʲôԥӦΪѸˣңãǽӻ꾩
ֱ졣




47.     ֮Լ

Ӧһеԭί, ףΪСûѰĸ׶Ժӵܣ
ΪҲ֪Ϊһĸ, ӦôԼĺӺã
֪, ޷Լĺ, ֮ʼմż롣

ҪҪصԼѡ, ʲôѡ񣬺, Ҷȥɣ

ֻԥһ˲˾
Ȼǻظ, ֪, һϲ浣㲻Ϊ, ΪҲѡظ, 

ӦȻͲµѡ񣬵׿˵, ΢΢һ˲漴ЦЦ㸸סүȥ˵ɣҪظҲ㡣

һ˲, ѡظԶҵĸףĽ֮Ҳ

ӦԣЩȣѹָĲˣԷɣ

˻ɳظͲͬһˣ

ĬȻ˵ͷغþ浣ȢߣȢá

Ӧֻҵĵ˵ͷûȣȴ֪ôο򴽺Ҳûڣ

˾ôĬţ뿪ǰ룬ȻͷӦ︩˸񣬲ӦﷴӦתͷ뿪

ܹپΪҲǰТ͵Ƕĸɡ

ӦԶȥıӰȻᡣ

Ӧ㽫𣬲Ǹȷƭ

֪£Ȼ𾪣Ҳ̫ѽܣ
ӦﱧıܻصߣǺ£Ҵүԣ˸Ҳʲô⡣
οҽģѲԣģҪģǸúϼһ£ص˳ѵϸݡ

Ӧﱧǰ˵ͷ
»๫үˡ

ǸӣҲĶӣЩ£Ҹģο˿

Ӧ㲻ٶ˵ʲô

һȷ±㽫Ϣݸ˸ǱߵʹĵȺǻᾡ찲һͬظ

ϸӵһ£ȷֵģʲô⣬ϸӡȥֲ˻ɣ
Ӧһڳָ͢ϳǰȥһ㣬;б˴ɱԴϸӵݣ

˺ϼƺúȥڴ£ӦҲ˼ƻ£ԱǱǱߵӦ

Ӧõİ취֪պûʱ븸׻ڽ븸׻һ뿪ȷԼʱٻش룬
һ꣬꣬꣬

ĲµģϾ浣뿪ǰҪø֪Ծ浵˼ܱ֤ٻشʱΪ˸

ڸǰһͷĳף˴һ𣬶Ӳ֪ʱܻ׵Ľ̻壬ģҲֻ׵ĶӣΪ׵Ůϲ㣬
ԣ븸׶֮Լһý泣ӭȢΪޣ븸׳ȫ

˵꣬ٴ׿ͷĵȺķӦ

Ļ˵ǼٵģʱϾ˼Ǵδ
֪˶ã˳ŵĪҪʧԼˡ

þûȵ׵ĻӦΪ˼ɣһ̱ҪĴ𰸣
׷ģһԼǰƸ

ļ򣬡ȥɣ˸Ҫǵչ˺Լ

˵ͷãת˳ȥ

뿪ǰҪȥһˣ

ãϾ׼ȥĵĶ
׺Ȼ˵ҪӦȥ£Ͼ浱ǰ׼ö㣬ӹ˵лҪ˵

Ͼ΢٣ü΢壬Ĭ˻ſڣڻţϳ

ȴûػϾ浱̷Ķߣδſڣ㿴󲽴ͷɫģЩأ
ֹ

Ͼ浸һʾøˣ

˲Ϣ䣬Ѿ˽Ͼ£ʣк£

ŶˣŬϾһζЦʱȴִ˵Լһֱģ

ĬãȻȴ֪ôͬڣȫΪһ䣺һ뿪꣬һȢ㡣

Ͼ浵ĳŵ֪ԼǸһ̣õĳŵ

Ͼһ˵Щ飬ϵɫˣûĻҲ˵뿪һ£ûҪȥ

ԼҲɼ⸱ģȻ֪Ҫ֪Լȥ󣬻ʲôķӦأ

ȻЪ˸Ĵ㣬վֱߣʱ΢˶٣űȥ

Ͼ浸ûĻϣ

ֱڶգȥµ·ϣ˴ˣ븸׽ĵطϾӦͷΧţ
Ƭ̺󣬸ױŻȴӰϾΪǶϺ󣬸ȴԸȥ
ʱ֪˴׹£

Ͼ浲ţ˵Ҫ뿪ôվգأ

ֱɽ̧һͬ·ӣϾǰһۣĵòˤӣ

Ͼ浰۶ǲţܵģĹжߣ֪ģˣôҪأ

ǰȴʵʵ컹ǰŵˣ

Թȥ˴ɱ׹Ϣ꾩ǵİ˶̾ϧ
̶һգԹȫҰ籣һɵͳ˵Ϣ
Ͼտʼ˾ͻججģűЩײľսģһնߣʲô£
Ͼ浾ôججĶȹġ񡱣ʼնƽ

ҼҲɵЩģζҪϾ࣬׵ѣֻ
ôһ̲Ŵ㣬ĳԺʹͰɣ
֪Դ˼ʱҲܾȣܿ־˵ùȥˣϾСһ𳤴˵Ҳ÷ɡ

ġһϾ浱㳹ײˣǰյƽƺΪⳡʹۣνɽˡ

Ů𲻸ϣã׼Ů࣬
Ļﴧ뿪ǰţ˵ǸϾ浵ģ
ΪСӻǰŮ࣬ȴ֪֮䷢ʲôû뿪
鷢֪ǻǸŮʱϸӡˣǾӦñʹģ
ߵŮ⣬ûţ洫͵͵




48.     ʦ

ǵ͵͵ʾ˱ʹ, ţɵһ٣
Ͼ浿ſ, Ȼ洫׵΢, Ĩ˰, ֹôûǰ, 

߹ȥӴҴҲ˲˫ۣ߹ȥ, 
һţ˸׵ǵȻĴ˴ۣ
ȴһ۾Ƽ΢ۿ, ͵͵̾˿, 

ݺû˵ʲô, ŵݸ
, ɣ
Ͼ΢, ˫Щã

ȿˣٸ˵ô£

ϾвµʲôæҵĴţٵĿϵ, 
鼸ת𾪡գһ˿ϲȻҲµϲ֪ˣ
Сӵ˽⣬ҲԼ֪СΪʲôûǰһˡ
ʵǸӣǰǱҹΪ˻ָӵݣֲʥϵĲ²⣬ѡѵϸӵݣ

ǰǰ֮ԼԼȢ㣬

Ͼ浴˿̵羭ɽƽأӦģģֻһ˲Ȼãرϲ
֪ϲû

Ͼţһʱȴ֪ʲôıȥԸף
Ȼڸ˵£Щ˼

ͷ֪ʲô֪Ҫʱƽ㲻ٶ˵ʲô뿪ˡ
ϾվԭأȻĹ˴ǡ



ΪϸŮ硰ȥˣǡ˺ü죬
ǼϣصɥҪصģ
޳ȥŮôá

¸һҪôȥո飬²˭ȥ飬գΪ£ҲǿٵͷƤ

Ԫһ͢ݵҲڶգܺãģȴţȥϹЩã»ѹأһ㶼ŵģ

Ŀϣɹ̫ȴ˼ȻҸʱȥһոʱԶɨѾֹĶ
˵ƮӦͷǮֽݻ飬˵⻤ԩɣ

Ҳ¿ǣȻΪǰʱ˻״ԩԪĿŵݣ
Ȼ˫ۣ

һѾæСЩǴԲöϵİӣһǲҪˡ

˵ֿԴɨ

ȴ·Žһӷ飬вɵ룬ѵ꾭ոһˣĻ˻

Ҫȥһˣ

Ժ鷿Ⱦཫ¶һһ£˶֪ڻݣԷ֪ѾˣԷһ֣֪ΪڣΪƽ

ţмҪڡ³Ը

ס

ҾԪƻǰȥոһˣƻʮ߽Ҫæӣ˼ȥʮ磬ԼϾһ

ҸµĻǣϾûųţǰڣʱȻţڣӦݲ׸Ŵ㣬
ҷǱȽϺʵˣ

ԣ²ûзԣҲҪ
ʱ˶뵽ϻٴμ档
µĻùźʰʰ˼ȥϸӴ㣬ϸ󣬺Ͼ˵˻ܻ
ν̸Уҷ֣֮Ĺϵƺô㲻˵Ҿã֮Ӧ˵㷢չ

Ҳ֪뿪ǰʲô

ٽƻ裬˲ʰ׼š

ڳﱸ˸㣬һһ߳ԣһͷĽ־
ȻѾһգϵȴȻɫûؽֵĵδ룬ȥϴĵĵĲ¥һɫˣٳȥ͵ơ

˲¥¥ûʲôˣ˸ٽֵλϴһֻҪ΢ƫͷƼĸۡ

ĺʹ˽磬ŵһԣļλãЦŴȤãϴҲ

һԵϾ浿۴ɻľЦ˵ϴ£˵ҵʱҪԲʢֵĵģ
λԲʢֵĵ𣿡

ԣֵô׼ĵôãҿɲʲôʲӲʢֵĵġ

⻰һ˵ʱϾ浿Цá

ڲ¥յɫҲʱˣ뿪¥ϵ¥ڵߡ

ϽһߣһӰҹɫǱ˽ȥһ·˻ãϸִᷢ˶ﲢ̫Ϥ

ϵ¥ǰʱ仹磬ϵ¥ǰȴѾȽ϶࣬䲻ɽ˺ĵزҲ١

Ѿһ죬ȴµĵգ¥ǰ˶ȻҲΪʲô;ӣ

ûſڶȥͷרΪõż䣬ż䲻һ˶ܽͬż䣬趨˲ͬѶȵòˣܽӦż䣬
£Ͼ浱Ƚóұ˺һϾ

ϣϾ浲΢΢˼Ƭ̣³յףЦе뼸˽ȥ

ż䣬滹յף뿪ǰѵ¥־µգͷǶĵһյλȤȥ

ҵͷѾôȥˣֳϣǾԲȥͷ¶ģ

ϣһ¥´ߺµտʼˣ˳վϾ浣㣬ȥ¥¿
Ͼ¥µҡҡͷǾͲ²żĺˣĵҲƯ

Ȼɣȥƣң
˵겻Ͼ浻ػ˳ȥæȥһż䣬㲻ҵӰ
æ¥ȥң

ʱһ߳һ¥һ·ϵ¥ȥǰȥ˳ӣԼУ

һѡ֮ǰǸ찵Ҳûˣ˻һ·øʱû¶棬

жȾԻˣ⡭ԷͰ˸Ů˹
Ȼҹɫ谵Ⱦೣ궼ҹɫжһ˻ã˿ֱܷģ

ȾȰŵѾǰȥˣжҲûĻˡ

ߣ̫ҲѡжλҪ滤ԩ˼Ȼȥݣǽһȥˣʱѣ

Ըð̫ӾڶϢ

Ⱦ߳ٳٲͷжԽȥأû뵽Ҫ˽˻һˣ£ŲᣬһӣҪȵˣ

֮ǰȥŮ˭

ѵ⻤Ļ˴

Ⱦһ˼ȥȥүĻ˻ţǽүһҪڡ

ҶԴ˻Ȼ֪˻ڼ΢Ļ⣬Ȼˣñ磬
̧ͷɫŲµѡʱֽǮģ

Ŀãҹɫܾҿһ޳ӰǰĻǮֽ
ĵ˻Ȼ̤ȥ
˭

ͷһɫѵŮӣΧ߻谵Ůӳʲôܹóݲܵͣ
΢㶣ʶ룬ԷһŮӣ

ûлشŮӵ⣬Ƿ˭ʲô

ҶŶӣŬȥ룬游йص棬ûˣԴתãûˣ
㷽żݵˣ游

˵仰ʱҽĶŶ˵ķӦ
һ˵ոܻ游ˣռҴС㣬бˣ

ռȫұţǰλΪ游Ů˭
ѵռĻ˻ţ

Һʧʵ˵Ǿ仰ڶģҲ̽Էݣ
ԷΪԩģôǾ仰һʶڽܵ벻ϢʱķӦʵģǰˣĻ

Ȼ𾪣漴˵˼ĻǼ٣˵ռƽģҪƽˣеģûС

㲻ռˣΪʲôҪҶʣ

ӻشõźȻƿͷ˼ˣһǶˣ΢ȴƣ

һ˺ЦһʱĺãȻץһ˫
һ˫һڻˣһܷŹӷԸˣ͵ؽ

û뵽ıʣʶһŶˣʣָʹǣ
˸мش⣬ȥظɣ

˵Żӵҿǧһ֮ʣĺӴӭһѽƵ˺棬

ͬʱһ˸ϵЩȻ뷽ŵһģܿ㽫Ʒˣ
΢΢һ˭ȻøлһͷȻһϤ
үѾƷˣϣԷڡ

ҾҲȾ࣬ôеү
ˣ

Ҷʱɵۣر𾪣ôҲ벻£ʶ㣬
Ѿ˽ֱֱĿҽֱӶԭأֻϣɫ谵²ϳ

Ȼǲܵģ

ֻ£Ⱦ෽ӿϳңʱŴͣ˲ʧ
ô

ȾԼԴˣӦ죬ûкңе˶֪ҹڻʵ롣

ҲܾȣŶһɫѵСȻ벻ͨ˵ȥ͵Ƶˣô

ﲢǸ˵ĵط

¿Ⱦ࣬˸ȾѾ񣬼ˣʶȤ˰ѵϵ˴ߡǸӣ
ӱָ˵ʲôȾһס˳ȥ

ҿһĻ鶯˶ɵҲӦˣ
һУ°ŵһ֣ΪľǸղǰˣ

ΪʲôҪ黤أ

벻ͨ

ʱߵߣ˵ȥ͵ƣô

Ҷ˶ȴ֪ôش

Ҳ֪ûǿ
ظ˵ɣ

㶵ı˳ȥԺֱӱżһ㣬˹ɳ˻
ȥֻ깷

ºܿ콫鷿ϵ¥Ͼ浣
ǻϵ¥㡭

δ˵꣬±˻
Ѿȥǻظ

鰸ǰңɣ̸̸

ŶҹԹԵ߹ȥ£

ǣµôڹã

֪Թ֮䲢ûʲôϵܽҴϳ
ұܿµߣĵ˼ʲô£˼˰죬Ҳûʲôɣ
⸱飬ȫд˼ֳɫҪƭң
Ҷ˶٣ŵֻԼ½ǣ֪ô˵

£κһˣ˶Ƿ񾭰ɣ

˵ǷˡɤᣬмΣ
սֻ֣Ҫ˵ģš

Ĭã֯һŻڣ
ʵҲȻҶӡ
ʵҲ𾪣£Ȼķϣ

ҲǶƤҵĻС㡪ҡ

˵һͷ£Ȼ˫𾪣
ȷʵ𾪣̫ˣõ飬ҲֻǽӣֱֱĶң
侲˼Ƭ̣ٽϽСڻ£֪Сû˵ѣûʲôܽڹ¡
ԣǰˣʦСŮҲСʦðɡ

ұΪ»üͷ˵ȴû뵽
ˣڹû𣿡һ΢㶵⣬

˼ǡЩ£´˻Ǻ⣬ͻȻ֮ǰЩʣЩ游͵ģҲ游ͽܣ

Ҽֱţѹ»ô游Ļԭ游ģѹӲ游Ļҳԭ±˿ߡ

漴뵽Ϊʲôڹû
游ͽкܶ࣬һ棬ȷȷʵδ¡

ܰʦģУҰʦ󣬺ܿȥ߹ش̣ٻؾؾȥʦҲĵȥҴ뿪ԣֻм֪ʦͽܡ

ŶҵͷǷ游ΪʦΪʲôҪ͵͵İݣǲ⣬

游ΪʦǼҪ°

³ĬƬ̣ʱ򣬰ʦ£˵ļʣʦΪڱ߹ش̲Ӱ죬ܰʦ
ԣ򴽣ʱȷкܶ˶游Ϊʦ游ͽԼı׼˶գ

ʱ֪游ΪʦȷпҪ鷳

ҲˣǳʱԶڱ߹أȴû֪ͨһһ£ҵ֪ʱȴΪʱ
ҲүŻᰲߡ
ñܹ滤ƽɣ

³ɳƣ

ԡȥΪոƽҲ游û췴֮ġ

ţǼˣӦþǵݺʦˣĻ֮˻δ
ͬͣȻ˹ıǼЦһ
ױΪ׽Էˣȴû뵽˽

죬ʣǰ˻ԩͳǰǮֽһ£ҲǷϷ

΢٣ҡҡͷ

ҾȷʣĲǣ

¿϶ĵͷҲΪ¶Ű˽ףڻֽˣȷǱŵġ

֮ǰ£˭ģѵո⣬Ļ˻ţ

ҡҡͷ¶һؤΪӦǮؤġ

ǶԷǺˣûв鵽

˼ĵͷɻʣΪʲôҪأѡڳ򸮸ϰϲµӣ

µ˭ոϵ
ǰ䣿

ţµͷԼĲ²⣺Ӧ˿᳤򸮣ѡǸʱ飬Ϊ˸¡

ȷܣ£ݺˣ鵽üĿ𣿡

ȾץǼˣ֪ˡ

²ұԼϣ
ˣȲ˵ˣ˵˵£ΪʲôӦ޸ң
¿ɻǵãһ׵ʱǾܾ׵ģ

ҿļϣʼʱ£˻ǸʱմϹ岻ã游飬Ҳ֪ô죬ϸӦܲʲôԣҵȻ㡣

˵ҺȻǻոǸˣ
ˣһǵããҲȥոü游ˣȻ󡭡Һոһոˣǹˡ

üԺʶ뵽ĳˣԸ²ⲻʵ֪ʲôΪʦ
Ϊȷǹеˣ

ΪŵһζϣֻйС




49.     ¹ˣҪӰɡ

̵ϰ˵, ֻйУ
ԣݺ游Ӧ빬й, ֪ץЩǲͬһˡ
üֵָ, ô, ò顣

СһŰӣָü, ڣˣһ, ʦԩԩҶߡ

ĵͷ

һӾͺúôڸ, ȥˡֵ, 
⼸꣬õԷʱˡ

ҡš, ²˿ǹˣΪֹԷʲôֶ, ڼȷȫһЩ

Ͼ浼ʱ֪ұǰӻȥ, ǲģСȵȷı½ӻȥܷġ
æȥӭϾ浣

Ͼ浼ƽڼҵģҲ, ǰȤүҲ̫ˣ˵Ƿȥ͵ƣģȥ㣬
ҶʱСˡ

ϾЦЦСҴĽģ
ˣˣҾȻȥˣ

ҪϾ浰־ܾˣЪʲôӣ˵Σӭ

ֻ÷ȥȾˣҲ֪Ǽʿ˳

Ȼǲ˳ģȾ˶ԷʱûԷҲ˼ޣҲֻһʱ̵顣

ɭȻΧǽϹŸ̾ߣһŨصѪζ
̼ϰŵǽץĺеһ˿ѾˣȾνܣ
ȴʹ࣬

ʱȾҨһưˮõϣ˶ʱʹν˺ѷΡ

£Ⱦˮưǰ񣺡ү
üĿ࣬û˵

ǿ֮ĩҹʱҲ˵ˡ

νϢ˵ˣ
һڣ˵ģǼͷǣܾûζˣǿθ
·Ըתͷ뿪


ߣ̫ӱģɫԽԽǱʼûϢ̫ڳ˼ֲ
ͯȥ̽һϢڷȥϢϣ֪˶ã򼸺Ҫȼʱͷٴתͯ

ͯŽɫЩأ̫Ӽˣĵ΢
Σ

ͯͷ̫ӵ£мˣߵˣȫ֪ʲô˴ߣѾС
ͯɫҲȣû뵽ʮþȵ£Ȼճһҧ𣬽ǵ¡

̫ȻվûԤϵıʣͷ˼ǧѵո˻ţԷϵ˹ȥģ
ѾЩǷ񽻴ҪЩʲôԴС

̫ӵԸͯȥһЩ飬ķԸͯһȷЩԥô˵ǱϾ̫ӵˣ
ԥ̫Ӻ֮£ҷһǱǰ֡

ǣͯҧӦ¡

˳ȥţ
̫ӳĿ˼ռһ£Ҫѹ£֣֮ϵλãʱոһ£˵ʲôʲô

̫ж⣬ȾජŹĶڶձӵİõĿʼ

ȴ˯УȴµĴ
´ӵλԡȥϵѪζڴϣȻ£ϵ˾ȻСʦãͷȣӵأ
ˣҲ֪ǺȻʲô磬ԺҲȥˣ١

˭֪ڶʱ˾Ҳû𴲣

Ҷ˫˫㶣漴ͷ䵽
ôû𴲣

ͷվϳˣձ˯һ
ƵġšȴֹԼʲôͷ£
ˣ𣿡

³Ƭ̣Ӧÿˣ

ȾôûãҾȵһֱΪȾֶͦأ£ӦѲ

üȾ͵ԷһİȾൽûȥǺˡ

ҰҰ죬ͷаɣ¶´ʱ֪ҲС

ȾఴµķԸŹĶûȴǳ˼£
򸮽˴̿ͣɱǰ䣬ܼҴүҶС˲ԼƴŶһ١

ȴ꾩Ȼ󲨣

˲²ɱڣΪʲô֪
Ȼǰ˽رıһǰȴƱɱڣǵ껤һ䰸ʵֱ˻ɣ

ûè壬Ϊɱڣ

һ֪Ϣ뵽°ŵĻϷȥʳд̿һ£ǲŵģ
¶СԴʾΣͷֲ
ȷʵˣȥɱˣǽϢȥ

ͷǱĻǸˣ

ţԽ㱾֤ݣԽֻԽӡ

ŶҲ˵游ԩָտɴ

µͷС¹Ҫӣ
һ٣˼ĵͷ

̴յ˿ڡ

̿һ£Ȼг͢£
̫ӵ֪ɱһʧ̰֮ܺͯǰԸ£һȥȲǻռһᱻ§

ȾҲѾ˽չץĺˣһ˿ڣǶ̫µİֻ֪Ҫɱˣ֪
д˹ʣӡ

𳹲鳤̿һ̲Աİ£ܿҲ鵽ճ򸮵Ĵ̿붫йء

ŵԱһʱ֪ô죬û˯ž

ڶգڳ࣬ʾֵǰҴйᣬ˽ʱҴڼ飬
˽رһʱǰô㹻ɻɣп˱˹
ҪԪּ¡

ŴϢĻԪŭ־ǰ빴ᣬǽֵˣԣֹ˺ز黤췴һ£
Ԫ۱ּú𳹲£

ʥϵĿһ¶ʱ۷׷ף̫ȴ׻ˣԤУǰڻƵˣ¾Ǻ

̫ѣٴκģͯ֡

õԪ۵Ŀͺ󣬲û̾Ͱ֤ݷųѭ򽥽һ׸Ԫۣ
¹ص껤ֵı

ָ˵ʱ鰸ĹԱոֵı⣬ȴϱֱӶ
˵鰸ĹԱָʹ϶ȴʱпͨѹһ¶ûᣬ
ҪôԱҪôԱ֪װ֪
ԣǰúúõһ

ܴүŴӴ̿ѣ㱻˴ΣȺ䡣




50.  䶨   ϻʰ

ǰܴүһ, еĹԱνΣԼҲ³Ϲҹ
ܴү, ԷŻٶȣʵΪ˸̫Ӹ¶ŵĻ, 

Ҫ̫Ӷ, 谭ݺ֤ݣǻԪ, 
ô꣬Ԫ۶̫, ȻǶ

ֻҪ̫ûкܴĹԪ۶̫ӿѣ
, Ҫ̫ӵ, ҪûԪ۳׶̫ʧ

·ŻٶȣΪ˸̫εĥ, ʹòһЩʧȥ侲飬
, ±ڶ̫ӵĶͬʱҲŵ֤һ͵Ԫǰ, һ󲿷ֹԱΣǵ˰йصˡ

ϣ¾£ʵ˰ͷʰˣϻͿʼʰ
ԻӦ˴ѹΪ, ôھͿʼŬŸϵϡ
⻰ֱ˵޷Ǵ¹˲׼ӣȴʾһһϡ

Ҫӷѿ׼ӡ
º»죺Żжý
ɤºĽģһ˿ɻҺȻϣϽϣ»ô

С⼸գܿˡ

˵ܿ죬Ҳȷˣ

պڳó֤֤Ļ֮Ƕ̫ӣ
ɱ򸮵Ĵ̫̿ȥģд̿͹Ϊ֤
ڶֹ̫̫ܺҪָ絽ҪʱϣԵֵıһã
ֻҪ̸лˣ

ڻѳǶѱ̫˽ȥģѾ֪ĹԱѺ֤ʡ

˻һ϶ʱž

׵ĻԪ۾ʧ̫Ӳ̵ֻĹڴ룬ǳѪˣν֤ݶαģţ
̫ӵƷΣеĹԱĿõģ˿̾ûһվΪ̫˵֪̫𾪻ĲΪ̫˵

ʱ׵ĻԪۺȻ鴤߹ǰû뵽Ƭ̣Ԫ۾˹ȥ
˲һң˸̫ҽ

ԪͻȻĻţԪһֱע壬ûʲô⣬̫ҽ˺Ȼε̫ϸΪԪۼ壬
һ飬ŷֻԪھΪ̫ϼģͻȻε

εĵطԪ۵ʳ˵ŷóģִ󲹵
οͻԪ۱˵ԼҲ֪Լ岻ʺϳԴ󲹵Ķôأ

̫ҽø߹ȥŷˣŷʳӣûзд󲹵Ĳˣ
̫ҽ˼⣬̫ҽԺҽֿܣǾҩ
ʥϵĳʳﱻ˲ҩôȷ
ҩҲһ͵ģҲи̣ʥϵڵĻȴǰδеʢڶʱڣϵʳ˴Ĳҩȴ޷գ
֮²Żʣ

ǽʥϷŭεȥʥϼпܻĳһͻȻͲȥˣʱ򣬸Ϳߡ
ҽһ㣬вɵһ˷ˣҲĺݣ

ҽҶκ˵ֻܵȻԪ󣬸ʥϣ

̫ҽΣԪ۵ʱû˴󰭣
֪ԪۻԺ󣬹ʺ󶼸˹ڻԪ۵ԣʺ󻹲֪̫ӱָݺͨѹ溬ɫ̫ҽȷϻԪ۵ӻû⣬
֪Ŀǰûд󰭺󣬻ʺ˿

ŻԪͻε̫ӵĴûҶĬϽ̫ӼˣʺڻԪԱû̫ӣȥ̫ӹ
˲뿪ϵĻԪ۱˹ʺæǰԪ˺̫ҽ

ԪۿǰĻʺȴü̫ҽֻ̧ˣ̫ҽ

ʺ䲻̫ԸԪۣԹԵ˳ȥ

ȫȥ󣬻Ԫɫֱ̫ҽǺԭε

̫ҽʥΪʳ˴ĲҩĶεҶ磬죬ʥֲ

޲ʳùҩԪ۳

̫ҽָ̿Ҳǳֵ̿ĵطʥϵʳ˹Ĳҩ

ʱʥŵʱǷоñƽʱԵøܾ࣬óԲ־öˣ



ǱˣΪʥĳʳﱻⲹҩ̼ʳθڡ

ȥ̫ͷ˵ĳ죬ͻΪղ˶
²⣬˵ļıʥŲ飬ˡ

Ԫ˶ڲ˭˭ҪȥԪ۵Ժﻮˣȴ޷ȥȷ

²ţ޻ø߹Э㳹£޵Ҫ˭˺ݶҪķʽޡ

ǡ

ҽ£

ҽº󣬻Ԫ˺ڳָ̫ӵУ
ԽԽúɸ֣ǸĶôֹᣬôȴͨѹ
Ԫһʱ䲻֪ô̫ӣԱεһϢһ£ʱ°ɣ

ôԸأ

Ԫ۵ӣôΪ̫ӿѰɣ
±Ҫѡ

Ԫϣ֪߹ĽЩ˹ȥ

߹ĺܿ죬ȴŷÿ˿ʼʣٽһµźĹŮСȫһ飬
ҽЩ˵ﰤѣҪҵǲҩ

ϣⲹҩȻ͵͵ŵģҽһջС˺ϲ˵ĹŮ϶ҵ˲ҩҩۣ
໥ϣڻԪ۵ĳʳϼӲҩʳǰ⿺󶼼Ӳҩ;ʲô⣬Ҳܱ֤Ԫõÿһʳﶼ㹻Ĳҩ

ǴòҩͿջԪ۵Ӱ

߹ൽԪǰ

ϵĻԪۺʵϵˣ˭ָʾµģ

ϵûлػ߹̧˶һţϸɤʥʻأưˣ

ûָʹǣʥˡ˵ſͷ

⻰˭ţݵ΢ū澣ָʹô֪Ϣķ
߹Ȼǲ˵̰ɣ

߹˽ȥӡ̡̣һк
СŮܲס˵߹űߣһϢˣͯģ

˵˹ȥԭҧŵСҲ˿ڣ

̫ͯߵĵΪôҲ̫Ѳ˸ϵ
߹ûԥֱӴȥͯѵ˻ûĲҩҩۣ
̫ҽȷ

֤ݺ˶ڵ˻Ԫǰòţ̫ҽĻٴ
̫˵׼죬ȥˣȥˣλı̫ӡ

ԪѪ

̫ӣ̫ӣǸȻȲҪǻΪ˾Ҫ

ԪĺʹôѻŵĴͷȴҪ޲

ʹ󣬻Ԫֱʥּ

̫ϴݺҳйͨѹͼɱӣﵱԼһȥ֮λΪƽʮء

ʥּһ꾩ķ򣬶ʱˣ۷׷ףʺȴţǬԪǰϣԪһ棬ȴԪ۾ܾʾִˣôĻʺ֮λҲҪˡ

±ʱ빬Ԫּƽԩ˶֪ûջͼѱҳӡ

պ󣬻Ԫһּ⣬
ͼѱһ̫һݺΪƽĺӹһ£Ѫ

£º̲һδѪĹԱ䶯

ϴҳӵԩ

ڴǰﱧŸΪõĳۣرĿģ

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51.     ҪҵС

̫ӱ, û˴ԪΪʳòҩ估ʱ, ҲЩӰ죬
Ҫúõһڼָܻ, Ǳʱûѡ, 
Ԫϥò̫࣬ӱ, ͬܳΪѡģһ, һԪ׷ĺ
ǾˣѪȻ, ۲, ȣȻǲԶˡ

Щյ, ´δҪЩ
һ䶨, һҹٴδȥʦ
Ժ˼̳, ȻոŮݹȥ游Ҳ֪ˡ

游ԩƽˣ˲ҳ游

е䶨ҾԼøˣǰп, ĥôոİӣͻȻмֲϰߡ

»ظùԡ˯ǰҶߵ⼸ˣմȥˮׯߣ
ԭĿϵҶʱ˫΢
⼸ղæ

̫ӱϣ̲ʹ̻ôԱһӳвȵ±Ҳæ˺üգ
磬ģҲûǰ˵ʲô
û뵽ȴˡ

æˣˣȻôӣ

ƲƲ죬ȥׯӲӣӶôһô棿

ʧЦֻۣûп֣

˲΢ȣģǿģҲİ
Ҳģߣ

ŶȻѹϣǱϸܸܡ

˺һͨڵڶնʱǱ±ģʧһ·ϵ

µ׵ʱڣԳ⣬֦ͷһ̣һƱá

һֱ˯ˮׯſͣ£ᷢһ΢Ļζɵ˫ۣ

ļæ
ˣ

һۼͷĳǣ΢һ˲漴ƫͷģĶ

Ѿˮׯˣ˯һ·أû˯𣿡
ֵʣ

Һġš

ȻµӰͷüˣ
ҹ˹죬һۣ˯һ·˭

Ѿо֮е㲻˵æң³ɣͷɫͦõģһ·ˡ

⻰Ȼҵע˻
˳ȥڳŴַҲûֱӳ֣
±̧һѽ

վ󣬱ǰƬɳأϼһҰשʯţʯźɽׯĴţʱںҶ㣬رвд׺ɫҲʢʱڲ

ԾĿʼᳵϵĶǣҵ֣ʯߣ

ұǣС֣СԴһߴһԵľɫ
ҪĻӦûƯ

µǾ͵ʱһΡ

ҵͷݺݵ˿ΧʵĿ

𿴹ˮׯĹܼıſںˣλӣæ񣺡ү

񣬡

ܼΪ·ɽׯ澹Ҳж죬
Ժ֮䲢ѰĽҲһˮˮѵţرһˮ⾳

ҵǵһ꾩ԺӣС⾳ϲ

Ǿɫ̫ҲͦõģŵʱԵĶЩ
ڳرʳľɫȻµһɣ

ԣµͷԸȥȡܱī

ȥɫѣɴϵŮһ˸λðں̬

ʿʼ

棬²ڴµĻ
վ˻ҾСЩۣ㶯˶Ҳһ˲䣬־СЩۣ𴲵ʱҲоֻۣһ˲ſ˺ֺˣûܣ
ôҲûоˣûϣû뵽ƺԽԽ۵ơ

ҹ˲̬Сüͷ

ע⵽Ĳԣ±߹
ôˣۣ

̶һ˲ұ۵˵ĶͷȫǺ
̽ᱧߣԸģȥҴ򣬿ȥ

ĻŻŵͷܣ

ݣ½ҷŵϣ֣
Ͼˣ̣
һֻȥϵĺ

۹ղһ˲úЩҡҡͷ
ڲǺˣԶˣü

ʱŴ˽

ǲûׯϳסûλˮׯĹܼǰűŵģ
үһиͷȣҲڻֽţȴû뵽⵱ˡ

˴óλԱΣԸҵϲ˿ô
ͷĺʼһֻ֣üýģʣΪθʹ

ɳתΪϲִϼأջ֣¿ڣ
ϲүϲʹΪ̥ʱж̣ܾ˶̼µģ̥ҩ±ûʲôˡ

벻Ϣֱӽˣ

İûӦʶԼС˶ָôҲû뵽⺢ӻô죬
˳ŵӣҲ΢һ˲ŷӦ˵ʲô

˵˶ƺǾЩ̧۶ң
ߣҲ֪ôʶεƫͷ
ｫԹһ٣

һҴûп£

ǺߣȴЩģʾ⣬
ⷴȷûµĲŷСﴧԼĺˣĹ˹

صһ֪治ʹ˵ʲô϶˵£Щߣ
˼ˣҲ뿴£ƫͷȶȴþòˣ

ˣ֪ߣû£ߣĴǣ
ʮ£ҪҵСˡ




52. [] ȫ   

, Щȣ򽻴ҪԴϢգ´, 
ԣˮׯͣ, ̥Щ, ˵ˣ²Ű̻ؾ

, £, 
Խµȫôһ飬ҪﷲȥĵطֻҪмǵĵطȫ봦, ȷκεʧ, 
ĸע⣬⻳ʱܳԵ, ʮ¾ͲҪĳˡ
ʧΨ, 

ʵ˵ɲˣҲԴû, Ҳû˵

еϲ嵭ҿʼÿյ£
¶ÿ˵ʲһвͬķӦ
²ֹһνץҪ, Ρ
¶ĴҲβ˰ֻܿЩʳóÿջЩʳġ
⻻ʳĲУչأ

ΪˣѾѰ˲֪ٸΪÿһζ

ڣµʱֹͣˡ
⼸£ԼԲ÷µҲųԲãˣңκ˶һģ

⼸˼ǰʲôСģԼүŭ

ʱرΣҲ֪ǽԼ
ڲ£һԼȥʱ¿ûʱ͵ˡ

ֹͣˣҵθҲ˲٣ĳҲһ
壬һ¼ҺС໹˼СɵСķģ

źӵԺʳţȻȥʱΪ˸רŹյȥǣΪ

ĶѾǵĺˣʱûͦġ

ҹܵļ£±Լ
ǰµףҴ˵ǰ±ȽΣգˣ±˵˼

ҵû磬ʵ֪ҴڵʱɷҵģûᣬҲûţ

ĵķ£ϴɵϣ½ĵû飬֮ǰüҪҵĶһεġ
ôû飿

£ˣģ

ɻգգۣĻʲôģֱ̧£סǰ󣬵߿ڣ
ǰǱ飬ֵԹԵĸ϶ʱˡ

ұڻɫ졣

ʱҪǻʲôǾɵˡ
µͷɫˣҲ˵¿ʼ

һ೤ǽµĴƵҶ˿
Դӻкҵǰ㣬¸о˻¶ģ

һŶӣ½ӵм١


Ӹʰɾˣӵңչȥɤżδ
Ͽɣ

ҿЦãһµôȲĻ

żиʱ䣬ʱ䲻ҶСǲġ

ҵһͣθںãԵĶ࣬ˣҲܳԵ̫࣬ȻʱʱҲ࣬

μһ㣬ʱ̶ҪעҲҪ̫࣬
ҵĶӻһĵúܿ죬¿ŶЩľ

ˣζĨĨ°ͣ
˵׼˫̥

⻰һҿˣµɫȴ˲٣
˫̥ϲ£ķջȻӵиĺӣԸһ

Ұ£ģ򣬻оϵţµģ

³ĿһۣܿĶӣӵ

ºܵģһգ
ǰһգ²ȥӪģҼûʲôӦԤʱҲգȥûϵ
һֱܵģĥĥûţǲôģҶСˣ
²ſţ֪Ҫ˵Ϣ

󲽱
ԺǱߣķԭȥڿʱ
½ʱֹ
ڵʱ㲻һߣˣ

˵ӵĿˣʱһۣæ

ǰĵ֣һŵʱС΢
ۡ

²ţֻ
ڣҪۣҧң
˵ŽֵݵǰһػһۣŹۣϲˣˣԽˡ

ԣ̽ᱧǰ׼õĶߡ

ȥ»㣬ҲӦȥ뱻ӣ
£ֻ˳ȥţ

Ϊһֱԭ򣬼ҳʳϿƵĺãĺңʱˡ

ͷӵĿһɣɻģͷִŵ
һټּ֣ӰѾ

һû뵽˵˫ֹ̥һʱڶҲ˵ء

۵˯˹ȥ
µȲ˽ȥұڴϣһ˹ȥ
żˣæͣ
ιȥˣүصġ

һ

һʰңҲã¿
ϲүһСһСү̥

ͮͮСӣü
˯ŵңСˡ



ʮϾ浳޵ӣҲǴٴνס
ǰӴ뿪֮Լϸס

ȻҲû֪ϸӡ

µߣŴĻԶȥЦ
ãҲճɾˡ

һԿ۵СҲظɣ㲻ܾվ

ţԻĶӣЦ
ϵСӿҪȾڷˡ
ҲЦԸ

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