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3.     ҪܴܿĺŮˡ

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˵Ȼѵģ˵Ǳѵġ

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4.     

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ⲻǳʶİˣе

뵽ʲôһתߣ˯ɣ˯˲ܺá

ŵĿܿ˷۵һ˲ްߵЦûеȥ쳣ⲡԶá

üе

ò˵Ц

˵Цֻʱ򣬰ĿŻͣϰɡ

Ŀһ죬ҲŶȻһ˲

˷Ȼһ˵ģʵ

ʱ

ֻ֪࿴һۡ
ΪʱҪΥ޵ĳԣö˷ˡһˣ޵ΨһִҲ˶ˡ

˵ҹһѰҹ

죬ܼװС˵©ĻֻǻþҲȥ˼ΪʲôҪס֡

ɽҹúͿĶ˷غҹİ

˵ζ

ʵڵֵɽƣ˯ȥǰΪǻڵڶ̯ơ

峿ǣһͬߵȺˡ

ѵġ
һۣʶֻ棬յƣӰ٣ǳ档

۶˷ɫǲ̬Ĳ԰ףƣ·եһ

š
ѵʲôѵһأ˺꾫ר͵͵ȥ˵ľ

ҡҡͷ˦ֵֹ뷨ȥ˷ĶͷûˣŰ

죬˵Щʲôȴ˷ȣ˵һ䣬簲

һѣסǰõĻҪô˷˵˵Ҫȫ˻ȥͻȻҹһģȫһΡ

ţԲģ㡭ʲô

˷̣ɴ̹ѡ

ŵɴۣҡͷҹɲôҵġ

ôܲأȥҪɻü룬Цǵ˰ɣ

𾪵˵

룬ʶһǰεˡ



һ峿Ͷ˷۵С۶ã³ĻͬҲһ䣬簲
ֺǺǼЦһź˵Լˡ

ûвñֶ˺ǲɴ
룬˷϶ֲ

ɼȻ˷Ը˵ף

Ҳֻ
ҪǶ˷Ѫķ˻

ȷ˶˷Ҳһ˺ҲٿһˣٺһĶ˷顣
˸ڣûбҪһˡ

һ̶ˮûнչŷżˣԼϾǹɱŤԼԼһƣĵˣ˳Ȼȫȫϡ

ԵʴȣǶԼ̡
Լ̣ǶԵ˸̣

ΪǰħٱǿгһΣŶԼݡ

ɽÿձ޿γ̣˶˷һҹ֮ʱݳʱִ嶥˷嶥һ羰ˡ

ʦֵǰּ̨ܼա

֪ºûжԣֻԸǵĵҪԲʦֵˣǺò׳µĶֻǱסˡ

оǿȴﵽһ̶ʱҲշʱŸԼ˶ĹΡ

ȥշ嶥ĵɳ

ʿͷ֮ɵǵһӷḻս飬뷴ʵҲܣ

Ϊ˰ȥġ
Ϊǿ

˵򰤵ö࣬Ķ۸пܼأڶܹʱ󣬵ߵǳ־·ߣ·ߡ
˵ħΧж죬Ҳܺ

ԸһЩҪʹ

˰ȥͬȴġ
˶ǲʣһҹ֮任˸ˡʵûҲȷʵǡ

ԴʦֿŸ赼ԹۿͬţҲһȰҪôƴͷвʦ֣־ͼ

ʦạ̃Ҫ벻ͦͦ͹ȥˣ
ʦãֻʦֵķɽʦִݣȼɽ׳Զʲô鶼뿪ˡ

֪շµͬŶܹ

һʣǸˣܻ˹עů⵽żҲ˵

ܵõĴʵ˵ȫ˷׵ĸ

˵ˣףǴʱ˿̶ĹĶʵġ

㱧ȭϻԸл

ʦڴлˡ

лл
ֻҪʦ뿪ʲôã
ʦȥ׽翴ϷԺóԵģ𡣡

ҡͷǵĺ⣬Ҳǻ⡢Ȱͷβһ

ҪǿгһգҪλʦʦʦʦá
ʦûʲô츳ýҲѧӵķսʤħʵŬ˷̫ʱ䣬ֻϣֲܹ̤̤ʵʵرǿˣҲҪˡ

ƽ˵תͷĿһøӵʦ֣ʦ֣붯ְɡ

ŶԴʦָӲȭͷˣֻǳ

ܱ߹սշʦֵҲ׷ײ

룬ƽյжˮ㣬ж಻ɿʦöȥˣԼվ˵Ҫǣ

ʦñǣ

û

뵽޵ݵʦֵͻȻ¶㣬뻹δɵĹΣȥǣ

һʱ֮䣬лĻڶ֮ʱֻȺɢȫʧˣ˵Ҫȥƾһ֮շֵ

ţ

ǲȥˣ

뵽Ҫϻȥ˷׽˸ùʦֶٰ˰ʱɽȥˡ

Ҳ¶˷ۣ֪Щʲô£صкʦֲ׼к

ΪԼεúܺãⲻֻ֪Ҫȥ˵շ嶥ҹᷢһЩֵֹ£һЩ꣬ȴѰԭձ̸ۡ

ˣһչȥ

˷ȻĶȥֻ
ŲÿרעҲһϵʱһҪ˺Լҩϳԡ

˴Ǣ㲻ǰ£·صµǶƽܰʱ⡣

ﶼѩģ֪нһա

ҲȷʵԶˡ

ȴ˵ߣյ裬ܷͼǿιշµһڼѪ¾˷졣

̫š
֪Žջɽ˸磬صȥԶأۿ

ƼŹʱ߳ˣڰ컹ڻɣǲΡ

ĸľͰȫɳʼɽʱ޷ʵµķɽ˳ӦŵٶȣС

ŵ˶õķ壬㿴˶ã˶á

ֱʱųڷ嶥ӭʦֵǵĻڽʵΪԼΡ

룬һӸŴ˿ţʰ֮ȥ

֪ʵ̣ܲҪ





5.     ҲΪ¡

š

ڽѬɢעЩĿ⴩¯Ị̇䵽ȶϡ
üͷʱĿ¶̣ƾýҪ˵Ļ̡ܲ

ٲ̣Ҳǵ˵ġ

ֻƾ壬޷ÿʿĴš

һ٣֮ף˾֪


⼸ҹͷɣδ壬Ǹصصķˡ

Ҳһʶͨ˵Ĳࡣ

˷ݼڴӲֻѧѧռԣɵźֻԼ죬һʶ֪΢˳ʿ
ǰôľڣԭشתͣԭأóΪġ

ʵˣˣŲ١

֪ԼžޣҲùջۣһ

һħ
Խƻǧ//òʵȫȣƫƫҪҶ˱壬ȫ壬ʹǰȥħʿ಻ԡ

Ƕ˷ҳħı壬һɱʡʱʡ

ŵ·

ȻС

ֻܼһɱһʮɱʮɱ١
֣ɱҹɱԽݵؽ磬ܸӦħĴڱһ̵ֱķҲһȶΪֹ

ߣ·

һκ˶ߵģȴ˶ߵģͨ˵·

ŵ˼ջأƽһɱǧħɱµܾЦԣģʶȻޱٹһʱգ壬ʽĴˡ

Ϊ찲Ĳ˵һģĿƺûдɡ

۵ɫء

ʣΪͻȻҪ޵ˣ

޷ġ

ſ޵츳ŵ֮
ݼԾȼΪεĳԭ£ŵĵǳǿǽħ޸˵ĵõ

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ۿ˫岮ħͳԣ¸Ͽ˸ɣֶʳ֮ܲµġ

뵽첻ʣ㲻𣿡

ЦЦЦϲɫ

µǲŶԡ

¡
µ˼㡣

һһյĲ״ֵòԼΪȴɽҲΪ׽̫Σգ˵һ˾ͻħ

˵һֻħű㳹ײˣǲ֪־Ǻɨ׽ҡڵħ֮ʢûзŵħ֮Ҫߵĵز
һӣԼҲ˵ãı߲Ƕ

˵

ô룬µһǲǡ

׽ʮݵķ£ŸǾһɾ˳

˵Ҫǿ

ʣԼȽˡ

ҪǿΪԼ

ͬǰʹ࣬Ŭ޵뱣ʦ¡ʹޣˣպҲҪұ𡣡

ӵĻ֮ˡ
Ե²һЩΣգܻóþõġ

һʼ컹û̫ţˡ

ιһ

ɫӣ˵ɬɬζҲ治֪ԼΪʲôҪŽй

ܰ



ŴüĿ͸⣬ĬĬ֪ģͻȻҲ̸ˡ

죺

ں˼ʲô
Ц̸ѵնħȤ𣿣

ر˱ۣԺеаע

ܺá
ŪͻȻ˸ƵأȥƴԵʣ֪ʲôش벻ֻһʱѪˣΪ֮ܶĿ꣬ԿʼϽˡ

ûкʽʦͽΪӦø

ǣһһ֮

Ϣ˵Žտ

ŽĽ磬Ľħֵľӵء

ħʱʱƽߣӻĽҡ
ʿҲʿķţԽȥĽ磬ֱȦһ̣ħ־нУŵʵá

Ľ֮ΣΣգֻҪܻųʿʵ޲һء

ǰŲûи˻Ľ֮Уֻźһۼ˻ᣬȻ

Լǵãŵͨŵλãշӣڲ˭ȥ˭

ķʽǱԣǰô˻ᡣ
ӣ֤ȫ˼˶һңǳ֡

ŵҪžԼӦûʲôᡣ
ʹܸϴ󲿶ӣԼҲбķӿԽĽ磬鷳һЩ

ŵ˼ɵȥҪƾԼĽ磬ȴ컰˵ģһ֮

˴λĽ֮ҴӣܶԼһӲμӡܸſ֮ǰ壬ֵʱ⣬ҿЯһͬ

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֪Ľ֮п˵ǰ϶ˣлĺ⣬ȭס

Ӷ÷ʧ

Ŀ¶οͷпǧյǰνرŲΪֿѵŮ

ֿѡŵ˫ףвӹʹ֮⣬ħĺĿⷢ䣬ѿڵĻº͡

˫׵Ҫأ

һ

˫׵ǰҲΪܣ޵֮ݴֱ¶Уȡ˻

һӴһ
ӴװĶ鵤ҩķڹߣ޵ĵá

Ƿ˵ҩ/已̥ʿĽ׶Σ˵һٳ֪΢

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ȴ

ǰǳ̫ĴƷÿ첻ڱŸͶιҩǳ˷ɽȥͶιҩ·ϡ
Ϊ̫죬ȣ˺óһʱ̡

ڱ޵ĵã
ŵ

Ǻʵãֻֽ׶εʱòϡ

˼תһͨŴʽΪߣٸҰɡ

仰Ŷ޵ļᶨ

ҲǼᶨ

粻ˡ
ʹ󣬿ö࣬ؾľˣѾȥ˵ĳˣֻǸ沿ֱݲ¡

£Ƽսʤյħִ޵һ;ţ˵ĳ»صӽУֻͿһ˲֦֮չŮʿҪҫ貵öࡣ

˵ƶʣǲһ䣺ࡣ

ЦЦ

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иҲã޵·̫˽ͬҲǺ¡

ӰǴ߻ϸһĻˣֻӦʱû˳ӦĻ˵ȥǸɴطˡ

ҲΪ¡

ΪΣ
Ȼⲻܣ컹Ǻһ䡣

Ҳνʿԣǣ˵ֻи飬޹֡

ŸĴ𰸳ϡ

˵ΪҪ

죺

ʣˮ

죺

ɴ۾һ˹ӣȫ޷ΪƬǰ˻Ц۵ţȻڴ˿̣˵ҪҪˮ

δţһһ

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6.     ⿪ԣ

ħ죬ħû

ʱǻһ˲ӴüĿշ𣬱ɷĹضүľۣɱ¶ﻹغ

͵һպľϵĿħسħϢûķȥ

ħƾʶķ仡ͬʱ

Ҳֻ˰ű˻ȥƽԾԾԶԭصĽ

ǱأɽħµܹĴڡ
˵춼ǺȥҲң粻ȥ

һӰ⡣
ֻ׷һѻУֻӰҲһϢĹĿѲ춯Ȼǻֺֻǻþ

ϸϸһһֻܰ̾һͷźϧñħˡ

ħûѰڵϼ񵽸ӡϸһ̽飬ҲǸͨӡ
ʳܽǳſڳˡ

ˣڵߣתǰòһɱòй,֪ûջ

ּʲôһСĹѴħˣɶ˾䣺ڳʲô

ӡ

ҿħ
ħ룬⸽ûӡ

ʣģ

ϼġ


ϼĶ

˵ȣȷûбû˵˵Ͷ壬עתƾճֵħϡ



˼Ƭ̣ҡҡͷ

˼

֪ǰ֪أɽħһֻ
һЩӵԭɣŵʿ׽緢ʱûо͵ظɱǴأɽ˽ء

⣬Żɻбħأɽ

ΪһսУأɽħֻһֻڽصħһȥò֪

ʱأɽ˴ɽֻħܽȥֻǱݷɽģαװ˲ŵ֮ĿԼ

֮ϸ顣

ʮ䣬лһֻħ

룬ӦȥĽҪμڵıԡ

Ϊǰȥһֻħ׼ȷ˵жħյˣûа취ϺǰһĲ·

һ̾
ֻǰ·ԼҪŬҪħ취һֻŲڶħ±ϵˣʵס



Ƕһᣬڵ˰ʱߣŻصݵʱ򣬱Ҫһ㡣

δҹò˴ɽŵϪȷʱңңرһӰ֮ͦǰƵģһ

ûȼơ
ҹ¹⣬ʱȴһ뱻ˣһ뱻ˣĹߺϡ衣

Ϊǹ⣬ǰĺӰʱֻվֻҲǽҹ¶ȹ͡ϪȵˮҪ䣬һɭ˼㣬ֹסط䡣

߽ˣűŵȫǻþ

ǰ֮һĶţůͣûƬ֮ǰ

ôȣ䡣

ʶץ˷֣ĺȴֵ˲ʱͬգǷһգţ߽ȥ

Żδ̧ŵֱ۱׽ס

ոձӪĹ£Ŵ˿̵Ǳģɲ룬˷־ǱҪ䣬϶ܸоͳĺƤѪҺΪһ塣

ץץúܽƺڷ

Ÿ뿪ڣֻһ



ĳƺ΢

Ӧ֮ǰ˷һ䣬ƽͣʲô

ʣҪ

ŵĵһӦҪ̯ˡ

д𰸣Ҳı䣬ȴ̻شͷ֪վ˶áöȽȥٺúõ̸

ǽȥ˵

ûק

îˣһޣôקˡ
ʹ˷ִӱ

ʣ𣿡

žֲԽˣģ־

ͷ

һͷǹɭĸоֳָˡ

˷¹⣬ĿⲻյкһƬ˵Ԩһ㡣رܣеůҲǾʧɫѰ׹Ѱ׵ģһֻĶëȻ

žò̫ԾҲеǳİ

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֮£Ųһ᯶

һĵš

˷ӦǴĳħﶸȻѡ

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ͻˣ֡

һΣûԸ

ʲŵĶ˷ú쳣¶Ҫһ԰˵ס

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᯶

Ųٻѣ˷ʱЩʲô
ĽŲȻһͣȴұٺ棬һգգ

ûشո⣬ɫᶨһޣС

˷΢΢Цˡ

Ŀӻתϡ
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һʱЩ£Ҳñ滮úúõδͻȻ콵ʯɽһʯǰ·

Ӳˣһĵѧʱβ͸ˣѧǾɱ
ͷβֻͨҲֻŵѧ

ǴʱֻԼ·ˡ

ǣҵľ޵

׺ܵػ֡

ˡ

ż¡
Ҳ޵ô˵ѡе֮ӣֻҲܴħ²𣿡

һѿڣֻӶ˷Ͽ˺޼ɫ·бĿ˽ΪռһԡԤǾĹؼһԣȻҲֻһ˲۵׵ı壬صƽյģ

˵ȡ

䣬𣬵ʺ˶˷ġ
뵱£߬ȭͷ뱻ŷֿѪ

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⵽ŵ߼ԼĴǣ˵Ҫ߻Ȼڿһ񣬶˷кЦֺ֮࣬Ǵݵز˲ǣΪġԼظһ顣

Ҫˡȡ

أһ˵꣬ĹҲûˣûסһѪֱ˳ŵЬǰ

Ÿ֡

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ħδҪѪˣ

ξȣ
һһѪħ𣿣

˵붫˷ΪȥƴԲôŬġ
һ콵ĴΣֱżڵľּⲻҪ𣿣

ۡ

ΪԼЭӲȥܵζʱŶ˷⿪ơ

ⲻ֪ͻԡļ˳ļɫ˷á

۾ƮƮɨŵ飬̬ĥҹҹ˷Цˡ

⿪ԣ





7.     Ųˡ

֪˷ڿЦ

Ӷ˷顢֪ĳҪˣԶܽ⿪Ľƣһ

ʶʵ˲䣬ٴãȻ֪롣

ͣ˷̾һ
ٿһʧ⣬֣뽫˴ȴ˲䣬ǰξܾʱûзֺۣȻһ١

˼ڿеֲٴζˣһ˿ױĲ⣬Ȧ

ûбƿ˷һǻ̻̲

һһıģο˵˶Թֺ

˷Ǻ͸𣿡

Ȼ

ʶԼ֪ĵǰεµĻһ˲ӲҲֻһ˲ǰлش⡣

˷Ĵ߷ůůЦ⡣
±ƿܾɢ

İƿˡ
á

ֻŻе¡
Ǳܾ̫̫ΣҲʱʱӲӰżһǰţܸ˺þúþá

˷΢ţȲңôĥ

꣬ƵӶ˷ǰԲ𡣡

Ųǲ
Ҳ֪ŵĲʿʿߵˡ

֪˷ࡣ
ǰĶ˷޷ٳһʱĥ

һʼʶ˷һˣԼҲ£̫̣˷һ·ߵڵĴ㣬ǲܺʿһ㣬Ѱĵ

ʵ

ĵرΪ޷һһʿĴҲ벻ˡ

뵽ֵ͵˵һԲ

˷ˡ
ĶһͣҲһֻͣĻȻڵѪ

ΪʲôҪ޵أ

ͣͣ뵽ż޵ԭɣ˷סļ򣬽ƿЩֱüĽĿʹɫֽһĲ԰ףȴ˼ֲ˵ķǡ

㣬ҪµαԼϡʹʲôҲκ㡣

ǿΣ¶١
ɱֻħȥɱ١жƴȥƴٴ

ֻ̫ƽƽ

ţ֣µʲô

ʲôʲôеζܡ
ŬˡʲôȴֻԿš

̹˵Ŀȥˡ

δʱͶ˷ţȻ㿪ʼĵһգʱ򻹲ֹһգʲô¶İײеħ᲻۸Ư֡ŮƵŮʿ᲻ֻ᲻Լһ˿Ѫȵεܰʱ
һҲˣز

ŲһĿˡ

ҪֻԿţ

Ҳ뽵ħ
һֻħһΣգԶͣһ̡

ԣ˷һԿ˵ǾʹֵȥԼȥżʹ޶ȱ񣬱ߵĵԴ壬ȫСҡ

뵽¶ڵЦݡ
ָ̧֣⸧϶˷üң븧ƽü뿴ü京Цģ

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µһĺÿ

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䲻޵Ͳ

Ǳ˶Σ볹˵ŷΣյĴ㣺ǲ˺òã

ǿһġ˷һ뷨ϲ𣿽費Ҳɽ㡣

Ůʿռ˰ںɽ
һ֣ÿúˣ˺ÿνְҵˡ

Ĭ

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ֻɱһǧ˰٣̫󡣱޵Ƿ绨ѩµĽ޵Ǻ˺Ľ

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ܺҽް޵ģͱɱ˵ħ

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ѧʵϰ䡣
ǰ˰ɡ

һķҲֻѡ

ͻͻʹ̫ѨΪԼ츳˳
޵ҲһʱԾ飬̧̧֣ܾ˶˷ĸཨ顣

롣

˼µķ򣬷˴ͷ˷Ҳٱº̧ķáԼú롣

˵ǻȥ룬ʵǻ֮ƣΪѹûʲôġ

˷Ѿľ·ߣҪѰֽµĽƣһűĵ

ʵ˵ʵŻδģһ˿˿룬żʹ˷Ͻ⿪ƣ˵бܽ⡣

ҲС

ȼһҡҡͷ

˾ͨ

׷֣֮ϡ

űûϷˡ

ʵʱдԤС

Ƕ˷ûһãֻһ㣬ЩʱʱҲ޼ƿʩһˣȻһǸ˽ڳޡֻ̾Ī᯶
ֻǰޣֻʱʵһȺ˵ˡ

ɫЩήң᲻δ޹⣬ħڵϴķһȥ

쵹ͦ˵ģΪ޲ˡ

ʿ
ɷϣŵȷʵѸʵɴ̫󡣲ϲŭ֣ˡˡѣΪһˡ

õյʿ
һֻһ·ͨĵ

˼ˣ첻ɶ˾䣺˭µĽƣ
лҪԴ˱ʾл

ˡ

ǺЦˣǱףսΪ£ϲƲҪһݡ

˵ûһ𣬲ףûϲơ

쵫ЦĵȴʼĥյСҪˣøٺǡ

뵽Ȼʶһ⣺ŵ˾˭

뿪ʣѾˡ



ˡ

ˡ
ô˽Լĵǰεµʹϡ

ҪȥԼĵ
ոµĵ

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ޡ
޽һֻǱҵԼĵ

Ҳο׷Ѱĵ

޼᲻ɴݵĵ޼᲻ݵĵ
ǰ׷Ʒı·


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Ҳˡ
ѧʵ̫ˡ

Ȼˣôܼ᲻ɴأ
/已̥ܸȥȼӲ

Ϊ̫໳ɣôĵֻһҲ˰ΨһľݣʼսץţϷ֡

뵽Ųֱ̾

Ѿþˡ
̤Ϻǰһģһ·ˡ

вòԭڣҲȻ˷ģҲǣֻҪ룬ƲԶⲻ

룬վա

˺ٿѹеʹһŤˡòȴľǷֱ

һֻ

Լ˷ˡ

ȻûнݾˣôҪӸӸӵŬҵĵ֮ǰҪƴ壬ҪκʱҪƴƴƴ

һ鷲ȴʿҪ͡һһ췢ݵ鲻ֹշ壬أɽš

Լĺһλʦֶȥˡ

ÿ쿴űŷĥԼλʵĽʦ־ñм尾

һ죬ȥˡ
ҪԼһλ̿ʦá

ǣգ۾ʱλʦɫ죬Ͱ͵ʦá㡢Ըޡһʯȫ֮

ţ
һʯȫ֮Ǹʲô





8.     °մѪ

Ż˵㹦˼ʦֿеġһʯȫ֮Ǹʲôʦͨ򣬽Ÿпû뵽˷߰죬˳ˡ

ŶԶ˷Լڰ⣬ظ·һ׮õ˽

üͷչˣһ˲˹ʣӨӨ»âҲųΪһҹĶ˷ǹӪĴ

ûͬСĸһߣеģӦ죬ȥŵţԿ͵ݳأɽ

˷һڣű߳ȦȥսĿǰ˵ݣȥһ¡

޵

ζ٣򵥴ֱƻУŮ٣˵ǽӽûС

ˣ߽أɽרõʱһǳĿ

˸εεСŮӣͬһֻСô˺ںߺ߹١еɽҡض޴͵ͣסһ㡣

䲻շ壬룬²ʶûҲϳϾԷ֮ΪӵģģҲֻһˡ
Χ˹һ㣬棬ҲĿ¶̣շͬһȰ

ʦãο벻ˣϣҲҪǿ
ʦãﲻĵطȥɡصɾȥȥһСŮü

ʦһΧϵ̫ҲˣȻǰվòһˣһɽѹȸС

Ĭ¡

ȭػصлʦǣʦѾⱲӾˣ˭˵˭Ȱˡ

޴Ϊ𾪡

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۽էȻϣʦּһŵı
Ȼǰϰʦǵľ֮٣ʻǲأû³

ӭͬŵʹֲñܿŸæһλʦóרע

¶ģɽͷ˰󣬹ʿ

һƬء
ֻʿսֻģ޵ˣʹУҲֻģ̫ͣԴֻΪǿʵ޵˴Уһȥרŵ

ѹ£˰շİǧһʮһףɽʱʱѹʱɽϲɣѵ˷˿ļޣ˵أѰµս

ﹲаٹء

ǰŷݵʱҲһٸؿ̵ĳؼ¼ڽһ˵Ĵ˵

ǰǰڣֻԼԷ֮һҲѡ

ѣ塣

źһҽ֮ϡʯ·﷢



󣬱㿴硣
磬Ƽ硣

ҲˣŴ˻ɽ߹·ιһ·ײײأսΪСʦĵʦǷ׷׽кãջúȲʡ

˽оҲ˿ȥˡ

βŶΪ㱻ҽϵˤˮλʵʦ޷Ӳˡ

ʾ֭룬˼û;Լһλ̿ʦãʵ

һ֣ͻȻѯŵ뷨

䲻ؼһŵӵӴ룬һ㶡
εǷŵЩʦֵǣģˡ

ǻþҲǻþ
б˲Ҳǲѡ

һصʯɽ·ʱʯСɳһ䲻Ҫ߽죬ԷĻǴ

˫շɺ죬һֱ˶⣬ҲǽͰͣʦá㡢Ըҹһʯȫ֮

ţ

һ㶣ŵķӦ˰ģֱӱʯɳ󣬴ͣ

ŷɳʱ޵ʦֽסˣɵײϿͭǽһ壬뵹䵽ľ

վ˵棬ʯҵ۵պŷֳһ㲻ԡ

ʦֵɱ

ΧۼԽԽ࣬޷ˡֵܣиҪ޵СʦãҪƴ޴ǣһ޷ԽĸɽΧס˱⡱Ľʦ֡

ǰ˸˺ˣϿȥԲ

λ˵ĽʦЩ˽⣬Ҳﰵ٣֪ûдҲǺģֻǰУԻ·̫ԣͻȻ˵ⷬ

ų嵽ǰ˼ֵΧŹЦллʦֺˣʦȴʱ⡭һʯȫ֮

˵䲻ҲٳɵĽݾֻΪʿܻе档
ֻľ磬Ҫ޴˵ǵեɶԷˡ

ھܾҲûб˼ĽʦҲա

ǡ𣿡Ȼͮͮģȥ̫˼Ҳûаѻ˵أպ⣬ʱңʦԡԵ

ʦֵܣɣȥҼʦҪǾͲ𣿣õ

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ţ

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Ҫסˣæ߽ʦֿߡٲߣֻܾųȥˡ

ˣɱδɢֺ˵˵һŰȥнŮ޵ʦֵȰ˻

ճ˵״۵ĵطˣűû̫ãŸڶ˷֮ǰȥȰϵһ£ģֱŲˡ

Űʱֻصݡ
ˣտյżȡ

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ǰڵħĶ˷ʱһǳߣҲĶУʱһϸ΢תѣۡ

ɫѺڡ

ڵϹģֻԼԼиʶȴԼûһºֻգȥţȥӭߡ

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էһһζ֮

ɫްƲϸֻԼԼã˷һʬ塣

ʬ塣





9.     ʬ塣

ŵ͵
ֱģܽš

ҿҲȥϸ˷קŵֻһȥ飬ƫ޹⣬ʵأֻԽԽʬ壬ʬ塣

Խ룬ԽǷţԽ뿴塣

ôˣ

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ġ

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˵ɽģΪǰףǽΪ¡˻غˡ

ţ

죡
˵ûһûڡһ𣡽ʲô£

ҪȴѪɫѰ׵ֽһ˷һԣͬɾָŵӣʣɫô˲԰ף

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ʹӶ˷Ҫʹ

ϧûƿŸҼĶ
Ĵָϵİɫױۣűص٣̾Ҫôƴ

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һ£ֻҪǰģҶ˷ķ˿ϣ˸һֱյˣԽԽۣȰĲƴ

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Ϊ𣿡

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һ𾪣Ȼ˷֪˴ľʽ̹Ц˹ȥֵֻðҵʵž˸ӶѣҲẦκ˵ġ

ָ˴ĶͷЩЦԼڣԾ²ΪΣô˼޹أ

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ݼڣΨһһΪֽѣ׽޽֮еţȫ½ռΪΣ˷ôƽ޹ˣӰˡ

˷Ľ˼Уһ䲻ȻֵĻէȻס

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˷ӦɰߵЦ˼֣˵һ飺һͬɡϿʵһŬɡ

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ֱĻش⣬һʱȴ˵ϸȻ
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µЦһѪҩ֭µӡǣҽȥҩһˡ

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һŻ׳ݵķңңһۡ

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ɻƼ͸Ļ⣬ҲһǫǫӰ

վǰڵؼҡ

ջߣеΣûͣ½Ųֻսپҵ˽ʦ֣ȷȻϸϻ



ŵ׻ûмʦ֡
˵ǱǲɽȥˣҪղŻأɽ

Ÿйϸϸһ󣬲ŷ׾ʦǡ

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ȥʵڿЦãҲֻգݡ

һһȥ˲ʱ䣬죬˷ڵһվǰȵġ
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ҹˮվãúۣ˿˿Ƿ⡣

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ǺˡһͣŸ˵ٿ

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ϡһͬ鱻ĪһͨϺûˡ

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Ͼԣһ֪ܲˡ

¶˷ҲӦ

һǲһġ
֮ǰ붫˷һͬ

ſɲгһգʱ˵ǿаġ

ͣ˵أ

˺ö֮⣬Ȼ޵аҲһЩõĻ롣

˵ģҲһκɡ㴫ľ˵޷ȺħӲһҸͶ𣬾Ϊ˼²޷˵˵ġ





10.  ʮ   á

յ˼ȫϵڱɽĽʦϣҲֻܵ

ʵ֪ǱʦɽѴ룬ףһۡ
ۼ˲ȫġ

Ƚʦֻ֮ʱҲûš
շ壬ʱճ࣬һ޵һڽء

ǣء

ȥˣһΪһֻħ

صɨҲκߵġ
ױ˵ŴӿõǶ

ʱһصķߣһ߻֮ǰ׮ʱ翴˵񡢲Ȱٺúһ롢Ҫ嶯︡ů⣬־Ц
Լһ⣬͵⸬ٻա

һ˲̧صڡ
ɽУأɽƫӰ塣

һ⣬ű㱻صʦ¡

ʣշӣ

Ӧǣ˿ɳصƸ˵˴⡣

δɣ

żӦǡ

ʦֵɫ˵Ĺ죬룬̾һغˣһء

ȥԺ󣬲ҪЩˣҪ¶»ƣ˵бʣһȥ㡣
һ٣ƵŲ֪̬Σأ֪ǰһһʿȥΪܣм䲻֪£Ǳ˰̧ġ

ױȭʦףлʦ֡

ллˣűҲѻȥˣȻҲǱ϶ѡ

أǴ⡣

ֻһֻħҲʲôɫɱĴ֮ˣǱħֻŲȵ˽ˡ

֮ķӣ־ˮ
󷨽ǵʵѹ˴룬ѵԼٺò

ʦԺžֱȥ

һ߿ų߸ߵĶڣ˶ںһء

Ӱͷпյġ
˵Ƕɽ֮У͹ģǴС״ͬΡеĿռҲ˼˷ӣǷ羰ϵηˡ

˵֮ǰȥСý˺ѣǴʱ˿̣Сý˷ħߡ

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ͺһˣԼܼͣСɵģǸŮӡ

̧ף˼ġؽڽʮʦЦеؿͷģǷ˵һ

ŶһЦ

ּ֮Դֱͬʱݺݵ˻ȥ

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ţ

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á



ҹĻ٣ԤʱӽسʱеôȺӡ

֪ǲ̫ûˣһܴķˣǸ˼ѪƵģֱڽں֣粽Уûͷ

ħڽظôһ֪Ҫʱܼ
תһ룬ħǶҲ߲ʱˡ

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ȷʵãЩӿƷ裬Ҳȷʵ裬ûдһŪͷʹҲΪӶġ

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ǣġҴĿıȥһϳɵʱѾˣѾ˳ˡ

ţ·ʿ˺°ɣ

ҲǰɡʦֵͷֹңŵӽˣҲࡣ

ֹ֣Ǻ£ҲûзϣٺͽʦһᣬίرһԼˣһͬ󣬱ˡ

ʦֱʾ⣬ҲЦףԸ˰úϰͷϡ

Ŀ뿪ǰý

и񽻸ĵӰ㱨Ŀⲻһӷ֮µĺë󣬵ɴ۾ 

ιιôëˣ

ʦֲĺ۾ȻֱضſõӣŲæֻѻӦë˷ʱŵ

õӺɼ澪棬ûжʣֻڽӹʦֵݹʱ̲סüͷһ壬ĵʣôһɳζ

ǰһȻжֻݽͣճûüϴ

ȥϴȥϴڱǰȷ磬ߵ

ǣȥȥ

˿ãгζĽʦЩ꣬죬̾

ⲻǶôôͳأ





11.  ʮһ   ĵ̫١

ȴһ׮ͷ£Ų˼֡

ݵʱ򣬲˷֪ȥˣδ

е㵣ŰĿǰʵ岻ãġҪӦò࣬㰲ҵ

һмͶ˷Ϊºʱգڵϸһ룬ҵ˲ͬǰһˣŬܶ˲ֹǶ˷
뵽Щµ

Ѷ˷ҹͷ⸬ͻ죬׼

ɵȥʼҲ

Ŵʵͷŵȥˣ

˷û̴ֻ˵˾ȵȣȻӣ



ڳȥͣϵĶ

һףͷ̾˱ˡ
һϮɫƵİ£˫ʹվ߰ĵطҲ˲ݶϾһ۾ͱȥĿ⡣

ЩǰŶԶ˷ֵԼŻص⣺͵ͷأ

ȥˡ

ŵû뵽˷ô죬㶵⡭ұ⸬ٻ

˷Ǹֳ˿˿ɬ֮⣬ͣҸϵĴ㣬϶뱻ᡣ

ŵ֪ͷףǽΪ¶ҪķӦ˷Ƥأë۵һƬӰʧ䣺ͷ˵Ϊá

ȻŶʱԼǧˡ
һż㲻֪Լ˵ʲôˡ

ţҡûв븴ϣ

˷һŷɣƵĲ֮ɫȥ֣ϲԸˣ

࿵⡢롭
˵룬ʵҲ֪ҪЩʲô;ùֵֹģûϸ˵ֵֹģܸо˷ϤǸ˳ɣٵȵȡʲô֪

һȦصԭ㣬ԼҲǳ

ԣ˷лĹһ˲ȴȥĻ䡣

ڵڶʱϲ󱯣ЩⲻȥСС˵ǸϲϣǶһ𣿡

˵⻰ʱе顣

˷ûо쵽ֻűüƴů磬Цǣһ

Ÿˡ

¶˷ϾŸæתƻ⡣

һתȻ뵽˷ڼ֮ǰȻ˷һˣֱʲôɵʣ㷽ôֱңȻطˣ

˷̹ʵش𣺡ȥ·

ƽ޹ôҪȻ·

ҹѪüͷһ壬Ҳʣֱʹ﷭˳

ϸһȻѪ

͵ػףڵվűߵӡ

˷գգ۾װɵٲȻһʣ;˵κһֵ̬

֪Լ׷ʣ϶ҲԸ˵ʵҪû

һߺӵ˶˷ذմѪ۵ȥϴһҲƴʱ򣬶˷ʲô

ŶԴһ֪

뵽⣬ȻԼ֮ƺһ˼ȫ棬ǰΡпתΪεĵ¹ĵ̫ˡ

е

֮󣬵ĿɨϵѪֲüͷ˿˿졣
ܾãѪӣմһЩڷϢ



ڶգʱװԼźһת䣬˾ݲԶĲݴһյʱ۲춫˷ճ

ʱ䱦űЩ᲻ã뵽ˣҧȰԼҪݽˡ˵˷ͬҪ

ŶﴧһյĸҪڲݴһգϣļƻȴǳ˱ʡ

ŸڲݴһյĹ򣬶˷ӰͳҶ֮䡢֮ǰȡһѽ˷ɽƽ̯ǰʹ

˷ǸޣǸţʶ˼Ԩ֮츳һԱһʱա

˷˷ɽҹɫԶȥʶ׷

׷˻ᣬ˺ͽԷɳӽ硣

ţ
ǰε¹۲ռǸ洵ԼǸˣһ಻ߡ

Щ٣Ҫ׼ٽ

ȥкĳĽʦ֣ŴʱӦûЪϢȥ޵һȦ
Ҵʱȥ٣ڰʱ򣬱ɺһرΧۡ

ŵ˿ա

ҹ޵Ҳˣ١

֡
һԱ߿ŵӣʦǲϢ𣿡

ñ˳ʦ⣬һͦվ͵𣺡ʦòϢǲϢ

صĺҹɽǴĻ졣

ʦûƴǸҪƴ

ţ
ŶԭǱ̼ġ

룬˵ȥŵҲˡ

˼֮ʱıͻȻصһ£ȫŻ˳ȥʦ֡

һ˷ܣΪײ˸ţҾ֪ʱ

λ˻ȥŻףˣ׵ʣôǰղʦ֣

ʦֺٺһЦǰĪ۶ˣղźãձˡ
ϰߵһŵļ򣬺׼ס̣ûбǴһʣ

ʦŴ⣺Цˣʦñ˭Ŭءؿ촳Ƶʮˣ

棿

Ȼ
λʦִúܽ

ӣеΪ顣

һ̼˶ʦסˣٺŶģֱӳ˵һͱˡ

ľЦҲԣһȥ

˵ھŹأյʮء

ؿÿʮرǸѵ㣬źʮ־Դ

һתǰľҹɫɽǱ󺣡
иľϡϡ裬̶ԭ溣ˮƮƮҡһ·֪ͨδ

ⳡ棬ѾؿݵֺȻ

һأҪһ·Ųȸľϴʱ޷ңԶ½ء

ƽ⣬
ľ᲻ҡһΣҲרעӦ

ʮûΣգȴĥơ
˱ǰ˷·ûоͷֻҪһ뺣бʧܱҪͷһϡеˣȻֵ뿪ˡ

һʼײײòװ˱׾һ·̤ʮľɣȴͻȻܳĺﺦҪʱҲܱ꣬ֻһ˲¿ʼս

Լķʽܼ򵥡

ʡ
ҲûеĻʲôûˡ

ŲϾʧܡʧܡĥԹ۵ʦǱҪ

ΪͨؿΪδ꣺ʦ𣿡

ֹ۵һܵģϾʦôŬ

һ£ǹŬ͹˵ġ

˵Ķԡһ٣ʦֶӰ·ڼ֤漣ѿĻ֧ǰеŬܼ

ǿŷܶӰʦֱԼѪڣ˶־˺

뵽͵վĵ˵ʦһһվ˿ɼĸ߶ϡ

ûиݣֻΪʦܡֵá

˵ЦҲ˵ȷȷʵʵشʦáһ˵ϣ޽δ





12.  ʮ   ٶ˷

ʱ

ʱʱ䣬Ŷ˾ҧһڷĸɰͰ͵ĴżȥսĴ㿪ʼڵ½ء

Žʵʵز½صһ̣üҲ

̫ˡ
ġ

žʮĵ˲ڶƽĿ飬ʱʱӺ֮ѪҧħĵĿ־塣

ʧܵĿ־塣
ʧ˼򵥡ס

һһΡ·ֹʧϮױͣͲǰֻһҲüޱȣǣ֪ǶԵģܲʧܡ˳ִﰶϡ

úֱܲ꣬סֱŻˮ



ǰֱĵĻ

ÿһΡص˿־ʼľȥһ붫˷һѪµ÷·һĻĻ
ֹڴˣ޷ıֻһδ

֪ʦΪ͹ľ˼ǣҲһеһЩһսʱħץŲӡ֫һ˺ѪȻ档

룬ڶһϢЩذʦֵǣ᲻ܶһֱۡһȣܽһ

ԼԼʲô
ʵ˵һշʱһͬţͬĸоˡ

ֻغϴͬһ˿оһ˲ŵ̫죬ûץס

Ҳץˣ̫ˣ¡Ѿˣ壬ۡ

ǰһ˲任ʮһصսѡ˳
ҪϢһ¡

ճֻԼ۵һűʦֵҵĻһһû

ϲʦã
ϲʦôʮأ

ʦֵðǣᷢһ㣬ŵ񣬻Ȼڿһ漣

ĵʮǳı̬
㣬˱𴦣ʱʱŵĵΪսңĽ

Щ˵ѵǺһʦǣҲڵʮغ˺óʱ䡣ͨأֵޣ»ţǳ¡

ʦ㣬̶̼ʱʹ˹ؿǰδš

˶֪ʮزʿ־

ԣ˿̣űκ˶Ҫͨ˹أ޲룬ʦǰʲôܹʲô־ʹ尾һش˹ȥ

뵽ʱ˿ˡ

ʦĿᴫȾƵءѵشһˮſһһ㶵ġ

һμȼĻ棬еȻе飬ԼףګګذοʦֱˣʦҺܺõģûµģֻ̫ˡ

ʦǲ˵ȻĬĬᡣ

Ŷʲô
еЦݲеøɱ飬էȻӿů

һĨЦݵõģûùʹ޷һӵķˣҪһĵҲڣ޾塣

ǣⱲעֻǸˣҲȥ

޵Ϊ޵Ϊһڣһ



ʦûΪ̫ãͷҪΰοʱͻȻͣˣתۣžԼ·𿴵һˣǵѪŹ̵ļѪϢͣ

Ȼеֵֹģû̫࣬뿪󣬻˵ϢСպ³ȥҺĳĽʦ֡

ʦûгɽҵ

һŲסϢס˱ӡ

۾ϰɵ󿿣ʣʦôô㣿 

ʦȻ֮ǰǰģƲϵı飬͵˵ҳձЯ˼

Ż𷽲ӿǻϢŨ㣬ȷʵᵽһ˿ζ
תһ£ϾԼ˵˾䲻

һ·űǣźͽʦ˵һԼ⡣

ʦֹΪ֣ûѣӦ

˴˿̣ڶʱһͬèڲݴʱ׼ٶ˷һĻ

յĽʦϤǸʦˡ
ժ˷¶Ƿ纮ˣҲֱеˣж˺ܶࡣ

ҹǰһҹͬŲ뿪ã˷Ҳųˡ
ҲҹһУ֪ĿĵصԶȥ

˷ӰҪӽʧæߴٽʦִȥ

ʦ˺ܺãʵЩ˺ա
Ľܴţͬ˶˵ǲСĿ飬һ·ײײģ϶˷ѾҪˣֻһСķ˽һˤ

ңþ˲ûˤظ˶˷

һСͣ

źɣɨܣȫеĿġ
Žʦ͵͵ȥ±¶ټҸ̫

վԶ˷ֿ죬ߺòײ׽һƬ½ǣʧС

ȶ˷³ֵʱٵǷɽԶԶȥ

ţ

ʦʣʦãɻҪ

ҧ

ǣʦֱײײĽʱΪԼżԶȥˡ

˱𴦵ӡ
һӡ
ӡӡ

ÿÿŻδ嶫˷ͼ߱£һ䣬ʩʩȻ˽ȥ

ϰ죬ſˣֱӳȥקסڸʲôʲôǲ֪ڸԴ˴׽һΣ

סˣֻ۾ȥˣҧгݣʹԼ̫

ˣһԵĽʦֵ˼˿ײЦ⣬գҲû⵽ֻ֪ǵڼεʦãɻҪ

Ų֪ǵڼεش

꣬ŶȻķ֡

ĳĽʦֶӦһ·׷Ŷ˷ĽźܣɽʦʵãмʱӦۼǡ

뵽ЩھΣ㳷˷ŵĻˣˡ

ʦ֣ôˣ

Ϣ£Ը緹ɡͳ˼ͭ壬һӺ󣬳հ̯İӵȥ͡

ıӰʦЦ

˰ӣûȥ׷˷Ľų̣ʱҲ֪ɵȥˣϴ̽̽˵ǰԭɡ

Ѵ̽һʱ֪ҲûΪû綯ӣԼǲ𽥺Ľʦһ˼Ɀ

ӵĵ˵˵£ôһ׮˵򱱵ĸһҹţʮңǱҰ˺ҧΪ£˶ĵġ

֮ȥ˵˵ĸּ

ܣһãʣʦ֣ϴ׷𣿡

ʦֵͷǰͳ׷ȼ
Ļһʼʺɫһ˿صĳɫ֤˴ԭŨң˿ȥϡ

ȶ˷һˣߣĿԸ

ŶЩʲô
ΪνƵƵˡŵӳȥһ˿ֶԵʡ

˷ͣӰһҧʦ֣ǻظոǸӡ

ʦӦá

Ȼ
һ·ĴһаһλŵӣŸյУ׵˶ʬף׼Դȥ

źһѹͷĸ꣬ͼƽζӵתʽʦ֣⸽ﻹħңеʵ֡





13.  ʮ   Ҫ

ʦհ䲼ڿõ񣬴𣺡һɽp˾ɽԵĴַ

ţʦֿɻ

Ȼ

˱ȥɽpɾɽ׵㡣

ɽpҲˣʹҡڵּ̱䣬һڽڵ䶯Եˡ

ȷʵеʵǿ϶򲻹ˣ½ʦֵʵ϶Ҳ򲻹˱ԶɽpһǾ治СĴķˣڵһˡ

ڵȶ˷

žġ
һᡣ

ȷʵˡ

ŸԶͷ

뽣ʦ˸ֶȥѰɽpͬ˷׾ٱҵɽpڵء

ڻеɴ˷ɽһԱɽpҵĹں߷Ӧ֮ǰ㱻ʬ塣

ɽp󣬶˷һϢʱ䶼δͣųȥקס˵Ĺ򶼲УӰʧʡ

ʦʦãɻҪ׷

ҧҧ˵׷ˣǻȥɡ

ãǱȥɡ

˻صշݡ
ѹ¡Žʦֱһеĸл֮󣬱Ŀ뿪ˡʧҰ֮Уתݡ

Ų֪ǣû̫߳ԶҲѹûлصԼãˣλʦֱȻȥ

û֧ŵһգɢڵ棬ֻʣһֻѻ˳

ԡʹ˻ų»صݸһΪһ塣

Ȼ֪ܵһĻʱЩķҡ

ȥҴһͨ󣬵ȵҹĻ٣˺ƽղʱ䣬ٻȥ

գӦһմͷ˯øͷһɽҹ£飬ۺþҲûг硣

˼ţݴһ˲ۺ󵱼ϣװԼߡ

صȴʱŸоڴֱ˷סδչֻһůľ

һӦ

͵ۣթʬһӴϵŵѵ϶Ҷ𣿣

˵

ÿ춼ĥԼ۵ҪͷҪɢˣֻ˯һһϵĹʱܾŰ

ԭԭ˷ÿ˯ŵʱ͵͵ظͨƣ

ŸжҪҪãôɸң컹Ҫȥ
Ļֱֱˣ˵ȥҪ¶ˡ

ŸԼ˷Ц

Ҳĵ̫ˡ
ĮġȻİ˵߿ǲֱعʵʵǡ̫ˡ

һ̣˷룬ݽߣҲֵˡ

뵽Ȱ赭дô죿ûмյġ

Ÿһһżգ
صذִĳأһԺˡ

˷ԺԺ˵ҹǽҹ

˵꣬ȥǣŵ֡

ŷӦֱӰһذ˫ֲص

˷üΪ׷ֶ˱һס壬һһŲߣ˵

ţʲôġ

ֵûѿڣֻ˷

ţ
ǹ⼸ʱĻôպã

Ȼǹġ

̽Եذ󣬿ֹ鵤ҩЧҪ졣

ţ
ǰεµһ졣

ֻһΣԳʵְֲ˻ȥĹĵ˵ҲҪ

˷͸Σ

ߣ
ת

̬ȼ˷һʱòˡ
δҪԣǶľ룬Ҳܽɸ

˷ûô
ǴΪźõģԸһⲻΪǿȥʹࡣ

˷ܣ󣬴úú˵

˷򴽣ֵ͵ͽһ

˵ĵζ

ŵǳһߣûתĴ㣬˷Щ˵Ļֻܼذһ㡣ΪƴȫҲΪһʲôʲôĻҾúѹ

Ļ˷ɫ£ջͻȻ˴롣

顣
ΪҲһ

ÿÿ˷ȥƴΪȥʲôʹֻ΢С£ܰһ㶼á
ֻԿŵĻжѹ

ˡ

ûɿڡ

ףúͶ˷۾ײϣĺݺ˼֡

ҲѹŻûס¶Լٶ˷飬һ̹ͣȥնħ

ôϣôżոսӵ£ͣظ¸ӡ

Ų֪·ûʱúúһˮһٷҲ;ۣ̲סҪѪ

̲סܲܲҪôƴ

˷ЦЦʣǰ𣿡

ûп

ʣ˷Ҳ֪˴𰸣ڴˣתοЩС̸֣ƴ

ǣ˷ֻɽp֪ͨʿҪսһǰ˵һֵֻ̧Ĺ

ôŬʲôŵӵȫˣ

˷ĬĬͷϡ

ŸֲŵˣܹûǮã

˷գգۣע䵽һ仰ͷ

ȱǮˣ
Ǯʱǹɾܺˬ⡣

첻ɽģôȱǮã

˷صͷ
ԭֻ˸Ƣ

ˣǱҪúúġ
ƣˣҪٱŭһֻҪ

Ҳ˿ɺã

Ų⣬һƲ˵á

Զ˷˽⣬Ҫǲˣǿ϶Ҳȥš
ŻС£Ҫ϶ҪߵøԶΣָҲø֪࣬ȥ

˷֪ô࣬䲻úٸĿڵǣһ㣿

һ̫٣ҿշ
㲻öڶ˷Եһ㣬ֻͬһ׮׮

ޱ鶪֣һ롣

Ӧʹ죺ãǱһ롣

ţҲ׼ȥЩΣĻʹȥҲһҪһȥʹһȥˣҪԣҲ׼ǿܾܡ

˷
˵٣Ӧ¶٣ȫ

˷ĴЦʣȻЭˣǲҲΪЭһأ

ŴɨϡڵһӦ֡

Ҳ䴽Цˡ

Ȼ󣺡ԡ

˷

˵ǲԣŵֲ

˽һŻǰΪ˷һѪǱġ

˳⣬˷üչˣҲӦΪֻ֮

ԣžͰѻˡ

Ҫ
ڡ̡ϣ





14.  ʮ   ҽ޾Ȳˡ

뵽ͻƾ糣ͷգֱأɽء

֣ʦֺܾ棬Ϊλʦˣˡ
ϣټʱλʦòûбֳֺľ⣬ڵӣᵶҪȥɱ˵ĸɾ

ʦһֲԤС

Ŷ˽صľƺʶ˾䣺ʦãˣǲɱġ

ţ
˵ɶΪʲôλʦֺΪڵܴùȺһ

¶ɫص˵ͷûжԡ

űֵùɣʦԲġ

ϡǵλʦ֮ǰҲǺһĹɣΪİĶ˶һתͷ˽أͰȫԱһ飬޷˵رĵ·սսģһֱҪȥˡ

뵽ʦֲʮһ飺ʦãмǣ£˵

ţõġ

˽غûԼʦֵĳŵ

û˵
ֻɨݺһߣѸλʧķʦʦעԼϺ󣬼ƽرȳ˸޽ͨõơ

ˣ

һ˲źӰʦʦǷ׷׶ˣʱէͣǿס˲ɱⱬȺħɽ֮ơ

ǣɼΣˣա
С¹УĲ

ʦ֣ʦʲô



û
ûûܼħһǱʦ̳ġ

һֱϤķֱﶯһǿҵӶڱŷȴŷκʦֵ׻ûסֱӳ˽ȥ÷ǷӦ֮ǰֱۣѻȥЩӶһʦ˳

һһѪվվֱˣϻỤ̋ʦĿġ

ʦɨصģİ

ڿˣΪλʦ˽صɨշķصѰչλʦãһѵҩ䣬б޻

ֻΪʦǷˣҪúչˣЩӵĶ֣û뵽˾Ȼʦã
СľԼ

ʦᣬϵı鿴Ҫʹ࣬źھΡ

ֱ̧֣ĨߵѪۣ˵Բ𣬸ʦ鷳ˡ

ʦµĵǱ鷳̹˵̫ƽÿҲţŴ̳ҲС£ֻǺܵСʦһСľͰԼˡ

㵱˻ضˣ˳ŵĻ˵Ȼø鷳ˣԺͲҪôΣյˡ

ĬĬԺһŬʦ鷳

ʦ֪ûȥȰֻ˸۵ĺӡ
̲סĵȰѰ˶ȥ

ţȥʦʦչңº֡

º֡ݣ

ֺݡ

ʦ֣
ˣʦķˡ

ҲȷʵǷˡ
ҪԼ裬Ҫһ衣

ʦ˵ǣҪμȰţֻתף׵Ƥ֮µ˫ֱض󷢳룺ʦֲһ𵽽ɣ

ʦ֣ʲʲôһ𣬽ء
ΪԼˡ

˵ľǸ˼

ûмλʦδ״Ȼڽħܴҡڵأɽǿؽصŵӱصȫ

ÿ뵽ôĳʦҲδͿأűʵ̲סҪȰԼһ

أɽӰĽд򣬿ش˴ְͻơ

˼ˣŸǼᶨȰʦָһľģʦ㲻Ҫ¡Ȼ˷Ƿ˵㣬ҲûأʦĿǰʵ϶ġԽվʿԽͻơ

ʦ֣
ʦȰҷ裬ô죿ߵȣͦġ

ֲܷŵĻ
˵ѡ񵽴˴ֵûͻƣһĻ䣬˾

ʱٴѡӱܡ

ƳߣȥǱȴȻ˫Ŀлȼյ˫ۣպպ˵ɣȥưɡ

ʦֲŸ˵꣬һĻͼݵˣ뽫չ˰ɡ

ʦһݡ
˳֮ǰûвϢ

ʦûаŽͻȻ֪ڸǰˣǵ˱ս״̬

ƺŵӡ

վھɿĵط

ֵգůȴɢϵĺ⡣
ɫ𺣬ƱһոմӷĹĶĽֻħҪֻħ

⸱·Ҫ̤ƽ˽صģֻ˶̶һ롣

һգ۵Ĺ򣬵̧ͬȥǻްɫӰ٣ޱģֻͨڲá

ʦһƳľ㤣˫ѹߣֹסزҲɵһȴץţԼܰʦý̫Σˡ

ʦóˡ

ʦ֣ллҡҹȥɡ

ʦֲòʣ㣬Ǻιϵ

ţǰε¡

ϵĴʦ¡
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Ļûа취ɱ⣬Ҳ룬Լܻܲҹ

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ӹŵʱ򣬶˷ڲ
ҲԺеĳһЩ桢ܿͫд˿־塣

Ųҿʣ룬˵
ֻƾ˷뿪ȥѰõҽޡ

˷ŵҽ

ƵҽʦѾ׼סˣҲ¼жţƽտֲˡ
ֻ컹¶𾪵ı飬û뵽žȻôݣԼڳ⸱ģ

һ߸żƣҽʦһߺ찡ذ

ʵûס˾䣺ʦãǾԼ𣿡

һѿڣڳе˽һĬ

ѹҿ˷ֻǱߵķΧƲ̫Ծһĭػشҽʦ㣺֪Լ

Ȼ֪ȥ
ҽʦһɣһʹ벻ɵͲˣûбҪԼôݣ˵Ҳ飬õģôĥԼˣʦ㶼ȥˣ

Ϊŷλҽݣҽ˵ãһҽ޵ĺѡʦ㣬׳֦

ʦѧҽʦ

ͷȥ򲻵òܾҽʦĺҲѧҽ

ҽʦ㣺ôͲѧˣƲҽǾû

ĬĬ˵ѧҽȲˡ

ҽʦ벻ͣ򳶳һĨЦʣȲˣڸʬ𣿡

Ų֪θҽʦ͡

ҽܾˣҽֻҪһڣܰ˴Ź
ҽҲȲˡ

̫̫ˡ

Щħƾһбǧǧ˸ɱˡ

޽ǿҽޣҲȲЩˡ





15.  ʮ   ˷ѹͷħ

뵽Щħһ˲ɱǧ飬뵽ǰȫʬͬţŵɬԡ

ҲȻӿֳһɾ

žϤϸϸĥһʱȴҽʦ쬵Ŀתע

ţ
Ҫٲ˵ЩʲôԼҪסˡ

ŸоôԼոյĻҽʦ㣬ԲˣƴʦԲҽҽҽǿ죬

һߺһѪҽʦ治֪ǸǸЦ
׻ģ˾治ɤ󣬷Ź

ҽݵڼ䰲

ûҽʦĻȥŵע֪䵽ڼǽǡ

˷վ
Яҩıҩ¯Ѭһʣټ֮൲ſϸֻԼǵԴӽҽݣǰʦӹ֮󣬾һֱһԲ

˷϶ˡ

һۣڲ۵ǰһ޵ʹЩܣЩ¡

ǸΣգ뽫ĳһطҲȥˣˣҲʧԶߡ

뵽Ÿе˿˿㤡
ҡҡͷ˦Ѩ뷨

˼֮ʱҽʦ˵ˡ

æʣʦ㣬ҶȬ

һ¡

ţŶǾһܡ

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Ȼ֪οڡ

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˵Ҫ޵ˡ

ɫƣŲһ

űǺεģģ
ҲȷʵˡǰһĻĻεؿȴӻۣǰԱԪҷһ˲䣬ԼǷ

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˵ǺΣֻ֪Ϊֱǰ˭Ҳ޷赲˷

뵽ŵͻȻֻȻؿˣЦ

᯶Ҫ𣿡
գգۣԺȫʹӣ˵֮⣬¶ҡ

˷Ĭһ£Һˡ

Цԣûúڡ

ȥǣ˷֣ʹ˾òڴ齱ϡ

˻һӣŵסǿӲذתӣĴָüģวƽչŵü

ö˷ôڳҪġϲģſĵЦˡ

泩ˣҲپŶԶ˷ĸ飬ɿ֣תֱ۴ļں߷Ӧʱ򣬱£ס

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Ե˵ңҲûá

һֵ֪̾ˣʲôҪҪģҪ롣ҡٻˡ

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˷
һʱŲߡ

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ĺÿ˷ֻһӶ

˷Բλࡣ
һøƤ˸ɾĹ屦֮ǰ

ôˣ

˷ٳٲӦƵǰ˻֡

˷عŵյǰ䴽ЦЦ
㿪Ҳٳ֮Щֺؾϲ˼򵥵飬ΪˣҲˡ

Ʊտˡ

䲻֪Եɣּɡ
𷽲ŵӵ˷ֶ˶ջǰ˳ͷֻֽ޽ǵ鷢ڶʣʹ£㿴ȥô˻ˡ

ЦأΪԼҪʲô˰ɡ

ǰʲô

תת룬һ˲㯺ȻЦ֪

˷
ûǴûĻոպ˵ˡ

֪㲻֪ա
ľͺá

ȻԸԸ׽֪ˡ

˼ˣ²ȫԸ¿ϵˣĶʹ޵ֻһŵ

Ӧң

ãҴӦ㣬ӽÿһ̣ҶƴһŬȥ

˷˵ͷ

ջûסº󣬴Ķͷ

İڸ߿չӥĽ˿ȸ
ǰ㲻ˡ



˷ѹͷħ

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գŻڽţҪҪ

վҽڼǰؿǰĽƣһȴ֮תҽʦ㣺ʦ㣬𣿡

ҽʦĶ䶯˶ɷʣʲô

ţҵڼСź˵Ҫ

ҽʦ㣺
˵ʲô

ÿ񾭲һۺҽʦ޸㶼֪ʹ𣿣

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ôŵܣ

̶ֳȵĻðɣҽʦ㿴һʧȥţ˿϶òô϶ˣ˵ɡ

̹˵ԪԱʹĲʲôˣСˡʹԱԪ֮ǰҲֲпĿ飬ǰٶˡ
һʹж˵̣ӵͺá

Ŷˡ
˶ӣӵһأλѾ˺ҽʦѳȥκõġ

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ҽޡ

뵽ҽʦǰĺãŷö죬˼֣˵ħǲǲˣ˵ԽأԽݡ

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ҽʦ㣺

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˵ǰ仰ʱģģҽʦüһ˵ĸͬħһ

ҽʦ㻰ĳЦе㲻Ҳˡ

Ҵ

ҽʦ¶㤣·ŵĲ飬ͻȻԼʱƺ˸Դ

ͷˣеĻþҽʦ̿ʼ˶ˣֹɣǰڵϴǽڣǲǣ

ž̾ʦ񡣡

ҽʦ㣺
ô죿ӲרǲǵðʦСʦÿһ





16.  ʮ   ɱ٣ұȶ١

һһڡ

ҽʦ㱻ų÷̵ƣΪĺˣ˵ȫˣҲ˸߰˰ˡ

ҽʦ㲢ĹҲŵ񣬶ǳһһյĽȥҽǶ鵤ҩǰε¡

жŮҽʦЦǰΣƭأ

ҽڼǰĽһ⣬űŹֵһ͵س˳ȥŴһڡҪҪ塣

˷һˣŸлҽʦһܶշҲǵ

ҽʦ趫˷ķֱǣôգҡ

˷ЦЦ
ҽʦ㣬ͬͬòգŶٷҽݣͼɣҼŬͳȥǡ

ҽʦ㣺
Ϊҽ޼ʹ࣬뾹һ졪ǲֹһ챻ߺļι˹

˷ݣʶԣҽʦҪ͵ǰˣô죿

˷һ˲ްתּۣϪˮ

𣺡ǱһΡ

ҽʦͷֱ쿪£ܸ

ἰ˷ĿЩɢ·£ĿԶ
еĻڻӦҽʦ㣬Ҳ˵ԼܸԱԪֻ

ҽʦ㣺˵

˷

ҽʦ㣺
˵ˣۣǾ˺ãʹ֡

µŲڶ˷ҽʦ֮Ŀ졣
һҽݣ̳ɽֱӰء

طΧʦֵӰವһ³ǰţϲˣ

ûСЩεӣǰε¸Ҷ̫û꣬еʣ

ʦ֣
ɶ񣬾еĽ

ĽĽ֪¡һÿԾöɵĵʦĽģŹػһҲȰ˲Ҫ˰ʹ

˵ǣտڣȴСʦòӰ
ѰˣõԤʦͷ֡

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ȺӵЦŨŨɱӶӿ˳

С˰ұԸ

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ʦã

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ؽأضλСʦͣɱƵġҲȷʵɱѳּʦֵʬ񣬿νɱԡ

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Ҳ׼˹

˶֪λѵķԣûٶŶ֣˴˵Ŀռ䡣

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Ŵǡ

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ҽʦ㡣

֡

Ų֪ҽʦֻ֣֪պĺա

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Сʦ壺ˣ

ţҽʦÿ춼ѪˡȻرֱ֪ڽ汻ĳСʦ˸λСʦ졣һ죬֪һصʱ򣬱ҸСʦһ仰

Сʦûгֻһ˫۾Ȼڵġ

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δ˵꣬ĹͻȻһä㣺Сʦ廹ԼȥɣǺΣգ

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ȻСʦˣħκλˣɱϾŴ˷ǰεģǵúúõذҽʦ㽻Ļ˵ꡣ

һᲽܴӰ룬һ߳Сʦķ󺰡

ҽʦ˵ɱ٣ȶ٣ɱһʮˣȫµ㲻Σ㷸µȫ塣
˵㣬ҲĲٳԱ˵Ĺˣ

Сʦһѻȥˡ

һһźʱСʦĹƽȥ
޶ֻƵУд˼ʹšûţڲ۾Ѫᡣ

ֻһʱ̵ġ

ãСʦҲڽشôꡢôˡ

ʺᣬ˺ɫħƵСʦٴζ˹

һʱ֮ŷ̳

Ŷ֮ʱЩӡ

СʦʦһҲǸҽޣֱ˺ܶˣֹߣȥȷˣ֢γߣҽ޽綼쵱ġ
ֻǺħƻˣڰѵ״̬ɱ˲ٷˣӴħѵ״̬

ǵСʦץʱδ͵ظɱǹؽ˽أгһսʤħط޽硣

һħ޻ͷĿܡ
ˣǰŷħɱһֱǲݡ

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뵽ŲףԸףСʦսʤħȥҽʦ㡣

Сʦ壺ȥ
˼ҪŴȥҽʦ㡣

òˣ˸˲٣ʿ̺ĹҲЩԣټϴгЧ˽δ

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СʦЦ͸һаԣһԣԽ

ĴǸЦġ

СʦôݣҲݲһյʱ䡣
ħԴ󷢣ܵķէ𣬽ǿѹơȺľ˽Сʦϵħȴԭţ󴭴̷ܷ

СʦһˣûмѪ
ϾսֻСʦһˣ˶ڳŲڵĻ֡

һǰűðǳһȺˣǷ³

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˼Ҫε峰ʱ˶

Сã

ȥֻһձʿ



ŵͷ

˿϶Ĵ𰸣ʿӻͳɲӣаЦһ׼ֻҪһ





17.  ʮ   Ǹзŵħˡ

ձʿĻֱֱˣǱ˺һϵøɾ䡣
ĺҲȷʵжСʦ롣

ŶʱĵЪϢһСʦôֿʼɱˡ

䱸ţֻСʦ˵ľ

ţ

Сʦ岻ವѣвʲôȫó

ţ
ô£Сʦôһת۱

֮ʵ֤Сʦ廹ǸСʦ壬ֻһʱĻþ
ֻѵĹ軨׷ȥҽʦ㴫һ仰

Сʦ壺˵

Ŵס䣺Ҳ˵лʦ˵Լȥ˵

ΪСʦ幥ħϣܾСʦħԴ󷢣ɫһ˲һ˲ƣлһǺƵ˸ƴȫѹƺڰ棬Ų̶ɱˡ

ţ
ðɣ֪ˣħôսʤĶ

ҽʦҲҪһ𸴣ʣҪʦ˵ʲô

Сʦ壺ҪǸҾɱ
һ٣ز䣺ȣһȥ

Ĭ£ס²ۡ
˵ͷش𣺡ԡҲҪ

ΪСʦһ봩͸˵ձʿ˶ƤƵǰԴ̧Цеؿű룬ǵҲҪǱ

СʦʣҪʲô

ţҲҪʲôСʦϸҶԴͳɣҴˡ

Сʦ㶣иǵʹӦá

СʦϢ˻ᣬ˾ִ
ΪȷŻȥҽݣħͷСʦҲ˲ϽصĴ󡢷̷ˣƴظŶԴ

Ѫˡ

Ȼһ˿ѵǣ˵ס

ǣ֮ҽʦͳȥĲֻˡ

סѪֱۣһȳһյԼʱҽʦͻȻ֮䲻֪˵ʲôãҲ֪ǸţǹȺ̫ûԡ

ҽʦеĺۡ
˵´ȥ۷ɣǱҲҽݡȻΪͬţӦͬҪݲңҲżȥĥһǱʦʦɡ

ţСʦлҴ㡣

۷ҽûʲôȥģҽЩ´μ⡣

ţ

װ侲ҽʦӭ˼ΪרڼûֻԭⲻСʦĻҽʦ㡣

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Ŵˣʵ̲ס㻹ȥأҸ˵

һһ߶

ҪĻǵʣʦ㣬ҩ㿴ô㣿

ѡշѡ

ţлʦ㣬ҽޡ

һȥģų֮ĴͲ

һʼҽʦСʦĶԻȽϳأ¹ħ˺ͳױζ

ζġ

žҽʦ˶͵õԶ١

ÿղϵغҽݣŵʵҪʵ
ս飬˵ǼΪḻ·޽磬Ҳбս顪Ƕħսḻˡ

ҪȱӲʡ
ҲһֱΪ֮ܶŬķ

ǣݶȡҹϵءʱǻ֮ѵθ˺ôһأСʦ岻ŵĶˡ
ֻһ˳ֵĻ

࣬ȥҽݵĻԽԽ٣ҽʦĴҲԽԽ٣Сʦסˣ飬սĵģʽ˫ٵ˵ǰĻսģʽ

Ų壬кãֽо

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ţ
ǿŹ˵ˣǰѿߵ˰ڵϴĥֵõһСǰⱡ

Խĺ˲ҪԷ̷СʦӣҲҪŪ

ԽݣԽˣһ컹Ц˳

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ˣ
Ҳỳɷ˵˾ǣ

Ŷʱͻͽһջһ·ÿضȥ֮Ըݻʦ൱棬һ̲סˣǽ͵

ˡʲô

ķӾȻΧŹСʦã
Ҫ̫Ҫˡ˷˾ͿԲ

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ʦɻã

תͷʱʦѾúܲԾˡ

ΪǾȻЦ

˵ĻԾʦֲصģʦʦڴս顣

ʦ֣
ⲽɱСдھ飿

תһ룬Žյĸı䣬ֶˡ

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ʦֻһʶ˰벽Ц˲ˣһǼȥźˡ

¶źûǿʦ֣תȥˡ

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ãһֽħħžʦġ



ǻġ

ÿտűǻҽݡٻڷͻȻһĸ顣

ô˵أ
е˸ôޡ

֪У˽ʡǲٴˣʼҪˡ

ҪŵжҪܴﵽǵı׼ҪܶǵĹֳֵĻⷽܶܶ࣬ǵͽˡ
ǰڲͽܡ

ŵͽܵĻһͽܡ

¿಻ۣѲʹӦ
ʹǽ컯ⲻ⣬ټʱһĴ𸴡

һ㡪û

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ԼаţķҲаš

ôûҶֻ״ӵĶŹóˣ
춼ˣиû
պʱ򣬲Ҫ˵ʶңҴˡ

ÿ쿴ЩʦʦΪһ¶ˣͷͺˣžԼҪٲĻǴžҪµħˡ

Ҳôá

Ϊ˲µħǿʼаŹʲô

ȴžܾǰε֮ǰ͸ģҲаˡ

аŹѪֲ֣˼֣Ҳɱˡ

䣬ǾԼ˵ëΪֻɱ˶˺ħ

ŵ벻ˣϻҪô࣬аŹʦԿۣһ˦Ƣʣ㵽Ϊʲô޵İ

סˡ


˺ܶܶ࣬úǣֺǴ𰸡

ȻǸһˣʶҪһֱ룬˼

ɴ¹ȥˣһӱԵ죬ûд𰸡





18.  ʮ   һغʤѶ

ӵϢͨĽſ֮նڰ֮

˴εڲרΪȷĽ֮еѡġ
ʤûжĽǰɵһȨ֮ϡ

ѾӦʣǰȥĽǰ϶ûбҪٲμεıԣǳȥ˸

ŷǳͬԲиķǴҲ۲ֻǵĽȥˡ

ȥһˡ
һڲ֮ħˡ

ûܼħûħˣһҪȥһ
뿴ܲһ£·

еĻֻɱˡ

ڳʱʼС

ĵΪõ״̬սһҹվɺһʱȥĥ˺һᣬշ廻ɾѣŲȵ㵽˾ٰԵĻ۷塣

˷ûһ
˵£Ҫ㵽ʱһᵽġ

룬֪һܵˡʿ㲻ϣ˭š

룬кҪ¡
ʵ˵ܾö˷û

ÿÿ˵նħȥˡ
ϻظҲȷʵֶ˷ȥնħ

оЩԡ

ҵøһ֪￪ʼȴҲ˷Ȼζˣһ·Ų̤˱̨ȴ˼׼ӭӵһս

Գﹲʮ̨ӣҲ֮ڶսУɣҫעȴ
Ϊš

Ÿһ֣ץ˵Ŀ⣬ڱ̨Ҳ̲ס

Ͼ̫ˡ

ųʷɷ׶ΣշӴ컰⣬ʦͼӴ״ǽصʦΪᡣ
쵱ĳƺΪᡣ

ħ

û뵽

һٶȳΪ֮֮ǰȻȳΪһзŵħ
ò˵컯Ūˡ

£ŵǳĿ̨ˣʦǺշͬš

رűϿŵ֣ȰҲڱдܴ͵͵ŵ֡
ûô

ţŵĻᱻۻܡ
ǵʦãΣղаԴϵˡ

뵽̲ס˺ʦã䣬ҲҪƯ

ţ
֪һ

ҪƯʦ֣ʦֳ˼ӡ

ȻҲûӮ棬űϾԼҵСʦãܳ־Լ磬ȫ綼ҲһҪ

ʦáӲܣˣʦָ㱨𡣡

һ˸һһ͹ȥģøʦò䣬Ҳ䣡ʦ𣬸Ǻÿ

֮˵ɤűͱʿҪôһȫ˶ȥˡ

˲⣺ëɣ
ĸƲǸ벻˵ˣƾҲ˺ÿ

仰һƢе㱩ʦˣĿһɣķɨȥ

޵һǿӵģλʦԼûзӦһԾֱֱ䵽˸ǰ

˵֮еӡһŵĵӣ츳ŵ֮㡣

˼ҵ츳ԼСʦõ츳ʦָۡ

Ķƨ
ʦֵĿˮʦһ

ƽﶼǱ˺ŶԴʦܶʱɵˡɵˣҲֹ˱ʦּ

ǸոƾҲʦ˵ģ

Ϊû츳κ˶Ҫ̿࣬κ˶ҪŬ֪˯ʱʦڸЩ޶۵ðʱƴһ츳ԷˣƾʲôƲʦã

ʦԽ˵ԽԽԽѹ
һѹޡҲȷʵˣֱᡣ

ʦ޵츳ôƶ춼Ѿˣ˶ȰҪټҪټˣȻûзԼδ˶ƴ㡢ңʲôʸȥŬ

ʦе¡
֪ΪʲôԼһڳԣǻһͰѪ

Ѫߣ֪ԼǺȺãǲȺá

ھ֮ǰԼҪ˵һԲٲǸҪûˡ

ԡԲ𡣡

ʦ֣˵Բиƨãʦ˵ȥ

ʦܣʦöԲ𡪡

ʦֺݺݴһ£ʦãģ

ʦܣʦöԲ𣡡

ʦ֣ҼʦգǸƨⶼûУ

ʦܣ
ҪˡģԺҲǷˡ

Ŷ̨µĶö֪

ڹ۲һԵĶ֡
ŰѽȥӦǸޡ

ǰûнʣҲ֪֣ǵˡ
׼ȷ˵Ǽǵ࣬һ˲䡣

ۿ

ڶͷ

ƻħ࣬ɱһĲӡժԴ

ڹ۲ʱҲڹ۲

ձ鰮һװ翵ŮʿͬһϮɫĵۣʵۣ۵רŵӵİƣȥȴǸȫȫķˡ
ȥϸϸ̽ҲȷȻǸصķˡ

Ϊһ鷲ˣվʿı̨ʱҪݣŲæģһ̩Ȼȡ

ͻȻе
նŷġдɫʵĿ¼پҲ˵

뵽ùʡƯ

ֺȻľЦ

δֱֻԵĸ߽׵ߺ

ʮԣʼ

Ϣȥ

ȶ֮ǳϵнޡ
˴㣬ĶɴûãĬھ죬Ƴ˷һ㣬ת۾͵ŸǰὣŴȥȷˡ

ɵŵֻʣ磬Ȼһ·ûвĹнͻȻڣԼƺ߿˷ʦãֹݣܻ᲻Ҫ

ǼһĽƣ֮ɢ£ܿҪ

һܣнƽ촽Ȼˡ

ʦЦˡ
ʦôӳһֱǸޱĵˣͻȻһЦн޶ʱԡ

н޸ֻǰķʦþǲ˲ãεץסڣĽվ

µ˵ٰĹˡ

нʶԼ˴

Ľǡнһգֻۣȭһֱȭֱֱ

нһ߾ڷʦþǴսһá
֪ʦòȭ·д˿ٵصƣΪԼˣС

ʦƺԤϵˡ

н޳ǰŵĽűһ˳ȥʱ֮ɵľ롣

Ǵ˽Ƕнϸűһ

ԣнԼһʵ
Ϊ˶׼ϮĹ˿񣬵ӵ̬ú׼ڶغϵĹҪػ

ûиᡣ
ǰƻħûиڶλᡣ

ճȭֲȻɿˡ

˵״ϣھн޾ʱȻһ١

Ȼ󣬺ݺ£

нʱֻӶʹ˶ϹǵҺƲסش˳Ҳɿ˽ֱֱ浹ȥ

ˤ˱̨ϡ
ɢ֮ǰֻʣһ˿ʶķʦɫƽض˵´Σǵñòӡ

ĲʹҪԴˣһ˲䣬ȴúĸʹ
Ϊʦõһʹ

һغʤѶ





19.  ʮ   ʦ̫ǿҲǴ

ԹֻҪ˻⣬㶨Ӯ

Ŵ֮ⲻھƣβģֻΪ˼һ˶ʵŸˮ˴̨¾͹ˡ

ϳ֮ǰűҲ˴ġ
˳֮󣬿ģǿԴšҵһ÷ʦúûǲõһáнޣ⡣

ſԷˮ
һɱʿħǫɷ˵Сʿ˵òƭˣ뾡һа취ʿսѰ©Ȼһɱ

񿳵н޵Դ

֪űԲħĶսᲢۣǰһĻĻǰȻǷյ£޷ÿһԣԵ֮ս

ŵ˼ƮԶֱֱԵĸ߽׵ӴʤʶŻңԶص¡

ʱ߽׵ӵĻ£̨̨ѻȸһƬţάĿнޱһ𾪡

ʵ̫ˡ
𾪵˵

ûʤǿףһսҲûоֻ絶жؽ˶֡
ֻһ

Ƶ

ŵ̨һнޣ˶ԼΣ̲ס̽ĿǰΪ
̽ٴΣõĽͬ

һ˵

Ǹˡ
δ

ʱ˴˹ļž

ֱֻԵĸ߽׵üͷõţָ

ˡ

һ֣;սʵսḻվڷ˼ϵļϵĴڡ
енޡһʿԲĶ֣ѶȿƵ㵽Ϊֹ

ǲԷһֲ



߽׵ɨҽ޵̧ϡȫʧȥʶߣﲹ֣ɱĹء

űָ𣬱ʦֵһסˣ͵شλϴָŸ߽׵ӵԴǲ治治ͲҪ桪

δ˵꣬ʦֱһ޴󺺰˻ȥ

Աʦֶʦȷʵеˡ

ʦֲ

治֪ʦõˣ
ģ˴÷ǣͽԴǳڲͰ˴ˣ

ʦɫ
Ǹܲˣ屻ͬסˣ˵̨ϵĸ߽׵ôˣԽͳ⡪

εĻû˵ꡣ
סʦֺݺݵظһ¡

ɵƣϽ»СС»ˣûŷǿĹսϯ߿ʦñ𣿡

ʦֿʼ񣺡ɡʦû

䲻ڣҲ֮ǢŽụʦһ˸֣Ҳġ

ʦ֣
ʲôʦ̫ǿҲǴ

ʦԽԽҲܣʦûûҪǱҲӲġ

˵꣬صغ߳˿ͷţƵģŸ̨ϵһʦñʦվ֧ġ

ȫͱʦһںע⵽С

סЦת׶Ը߽׵ӽͣš

߽׵ӣҲˡ

ţҪԵĿࡣڱԣʵսѾˡ

ֻڲıԡ

Զֻڲıԡ

˾ôǺˣںŵĽ飬̲סҪԲ

߽׵ָӾнޣȴһλŮʿ̧֣΢ףسƺʦ㡣

δҽʦ㣬棬ʦ㡣

Уûг£ˡ±ˣʦҲǹġ

ţʦ㣬ǹġ

ҽʦ㣺
㣡˵һ䣡ûŬƺ

յԤźţĬĬΪӮ۶ʧȥѺʵڲ̫㣬ͷȴûϴ

ţѺһȥԵοʡ
˳һúһ㱣ԴСС

߽׵ǿŵСϷһپڴˣֻһע㡣

˵ˣճȥһԡ

ͬҲǾ仰ɸ׳һΪ֮

ˣҲڱǸޣͦǿģժͷʵԼҪ

ţ
ͣô˵أǲġȻǸǿ֣ǻͦ򿴵ġҼȻϲǾԲˮġ



εűһһĵӱμӣһԺɸȥһ룬ʣԼ

Ҳӭ˵ڶԵĶ֡

һŮʿޣȴ޽Ÿӡ

ϳ˼ҪҪ˵ϵʲôöԷҪԣҪǵʱֱ޵Ůȿˡ

Цˬʣѹôôȫɡ
ֽ͵ҿһıԣϲˡ

Էô˵ŷˡ

󣬵ĿڶԷʱ־ԽԽ졣

أĲˣĺɫӡ

һֻħͬıӡ
ħɱˣѲƷƷıӵսƷźһŮ˵͸Ů

ŮʿлŰ˻Ů˳

ŮʿƽűΪ̫ѹֱħһսսŷֶһ졣

˼صǰŮУħеֱرʱŲɰ̾һ

Ҳ̲סúͻȥ

ӭӿ쫷繥Ƶĳֱʿ룬ȻϣҺúûȥôﴸ
룬ħħԼħҪ˼һħ

ֱʿ£ͷãһġ

֮㱻˱ӣ˱⡣

ʮ˳ԣʤ

ŵĵԣĶһѪޡ
֪֣˰Ϥ

ڴսǰϦϵѪ/˵ǴƷ㱻ˣȻ̡
ʬŸյģһһĶڳƴġ

ţúҪٱԵˡ̫ɢˣĲüЩҲ

ޣ
Ҫٱˣʲôʱ򱻳ˣ˵ʲôôǾ䡰ú⣬һ䶼

һͷˮȴԼ֪ô͵˳⡣

İһԣʤ

֮󻹱

治֪Լãħŵ̫ˡ
ϵˣȫЩ˵ǰģ״ġ

ԽǼö࣬ŵԽ˵ĸӡ

ʱǸߣ᲻̫ࡪȫûи飬񣬵ʧãʱһĻĻֻɬԡ

һ⣬ֻһЩˣֻǲϺǰһģһ·٣òһ

šţһӿ˳

ҲǸ˴µ⡣

Ϊʲô޵ġ





20.  ʮ   ˡ

ԵһԿʼűû

һ·ĵȴˣǱʦ֡

ÿһǺСÿʤһҪֽоһΣһƯɤ֮󣬰˷ţڵʦֶ̫ԱŲŲƨɣһˡ

ŵǲֻЦ
˸գ͵͵ءϸϸش˱ʦһ죬ȷԺеʬ¼ûӰ¿

ʦֵʱŵҲɨ̨һܡ

Ҷ˷뿴ûУԲ
վкҪæ

ݵϢһԵĶ֣ǰ

İʮԣĶš

ֵ֣ŵעصǰˡ

һֱˡ
ڲ֮ħŵӣġ

Ÿղ¥ݵ˱̨һۺȹӵİСҲŷ̨ϣصطɸ˺ܶ࣬һһתӪӽ˼λó

̨վٻѪɻָţ˫΢У̧齾û޵дˡ

ģòϣΪһˣȷʵǿұǿ㲻ܴӮҵģΪǿñ̬

ţ
ǿñ̬Ҫ֪Լħ֮󣬺ҴΣΣֻҪ޵ݡ

һصĵġ

˵ǰͷһؼǸ˵ĵġ
ħԺر

֮Ů͹ر

жţԺж౰΢
ʱģԺͻᱻ˼̤Ţ

ȹǻһ

ֱضԼĻһ˼Ƥֱۡ

϶ҿֶĵġ

žõڵ֮źʣļȫͣǸС䣬ʬӡ󣬱˶С˼һ
ۺɫСġ

ţÿԾͶ࿴ۡ
ԺܾͿˡ

ģߣ۹ⲻ
ıҪ죬ңҲġ

ţҪ

䣬ͬʱ뿪ԭأ˴ˣ

ĶԼʵ֮ţд޵ǿñ̬аԵʣҪģǳ츳
ҲԽϧ֮Ůһţôջ䵽ǰء

ĲӮġ
Ϊ̫˽ˡ

ǰʱֻأȴһսҹ
㶪һŶ֪ʹʲôʲôƨ

ʱƾУΪŻûϰʹ
ħĵǲýģһϲȭͷˡ

żĽֻһΡ
ħһ졣

˵һ˶ΪƯĽס謷ķȥڣѰģȡɻѪκ˶᲻ߡ

ڵħһ죬ѽɱ˺ܶӵˣѹһнն֮۶

𵥴һ˫ĿѪİĽͻȻھͰѽˡ

뵽

һֱвС˼ͻȻĽһȭͷ

˻ںʹ
оӽ֪۽ûϷˣȴ󺣵ǻҲûϷԽڣȻһ㣬Ҳ֪ĵ۶ϵġ

İĽƽ޹ʳһȭͷʹҪԼ˻Ҫʹ

ź
ţ봸Ľ

ëɣ

ҪϵĶˣµġ

ıҪ׺ݣĽҲƻֺ룬·һһЭŪǰ۸˵Ļ쵰

һ߱âһ˼
ԼҪȼħŮ

֮ǰҲû˼⣬˺þãȻ֪Ҫôõıܿǰħ·

ܽһµǰħԭ򣬵õĽǣ˰̫ߣֱߣԵˤʱ򣬸ĺݣʹһˤˤħˡ

뵽ͻȻһ֡

Ȼ˶ͲˤˣزȣѸٳɳüǿպЩµʱ򣬿һ

ԽԽе
ȻҲܵģĸĵıԼôһȣǰħø졣

ϸ룬־ӦòᡣϾǰıȵʱ򶼳˺һһ˲زΪħߡ

ˣɡ

⣬ſʼʵʩġ˼ƻ
ó˶˷ûĿָָף֡

֮󣬵ĿںԴ򣬲ô򶼴еŮޣǷʦ㶸Ȼͣ˽Ų֮˵֡

˵ס

ĻûŪʲôֻݺһ飬пɵּֿʯͷײʱȥһǿҵķθӿˮҺƲסһ˳

ıˣһ㶣ŸûվȣϾͳ˵ڶᣬ˸ˡ

°ϮƻȻҪȫûһĲʶʲôڷʲô

Ҳʶһֱڲ׾

ΪǱĽƴòò˱ܡƣԭһֲ

𾪵ʱ򣬵ĳ˵
Ҫܣûܱܿ

һݴʱе

ôǷ˵
Ц⣿

ҲȷʵǷ˵

ŴϵָײͨķǶ˷˺üҹϸ̻˸߽׷ֹķÿһԱǿأ˫ӣֲûȱ

ĵս̫ˡ
ҲؼʱΪԷ㵣ץʱ˼Բߡ

Ѿʧȥ˻ᡣ

Ļ



ڳŵĵһʱЧӦҲᱻôҡ

עܷӦġ
ϾС󣬱˵ôˣû

żþա

Ǹ߹˵ĵʡ

վվý֧壬һŻѪһ߷źݻ졢쵰Ҫɱ㡭ҰŹġ

һ̶ڵ˵ܴ衣
ⱲӶûоôı˺ݺݵˤ˵ϼ̤

ɱͷ˼ǰħԣĿɽ̾һ֡

ġ

Ѫĵ£̧ͷ

˵ҪܵĴĥҪʮٱڲö۶۵ȭͷ㣬ԺȴõƬġڶͦȥĻ浽һˣô죿


֪ǰŴһٵĻ쵰

ôҵģȴʹ

˼ֱĪ

ŵĻڼ

Զ䡣Ϊû˸㣬䡣Ҷǫ㣬Ҳò㡣£ŵɨ嵽˱̨ϵӰһˣ˸㣬Զ֪˲ڽŵ¡ʹʲôζ

ǣģҪѧôӾʹ֮վҲˡΪ֮󣬲

ҪɳɳУҪ졣

Խħǵ

ţ
嵽̨ߵŭڵض档

ΪֵһԵĸ߽׵ӡ
ɴۣһ㤣ֺʹؿűŴѪĵġ

ǰı֣Ϊˣû뵽ھȻ䱾

̲ס嵽̨ϣ̽ⳡıԣѵĴȥˣɻûȥߣ

Ҫ𣬶ϴԼվ
ĪߵﲻһӾͲҪ

Ĳˡ
ôˣŲҪҪҪǸĽ쵰һ٣

ң
һѪ³űݣһŽһĨߵѪǿģҲŲ

Ҳͼֵĸ߽׵ӣ£ҽʦκġ
ҽʦϵĳӶܰضӼãĲݣС˼

߽׵ӣͬʦãĳˣ

ŵӦΪʦãҲġ˵Ļֱɱˡ

߽׵ӱ

ᣬҲվˡ

ȻǱվˣҲǿԼվˣ۵ӹһ˿οҪ

Ȼ

Ķ

߽׵ӵȰ裬ֻݺýҽԼҲǳɱķʦ㡣

ɸὣֻԷֽ̧ͣ

ţԵȡ
ģ

Կҩһ
Ȼ˹ȡһСƿӣһöҩˡ

ģ
²ëɣֲǸҩޣôԴһҩɶ

̲סɵʣʲôҩ

̨һֱڰž䴽Цˡ

ֻǲĵҩˡ˸׼ġڿģûи׼ɣǿ

ǹ˵ҩô˵ģܵҩҲȷʵǶ˷ġ

Ժʧȥֱܶ࣬һС
Ҫʧȥ֮࣬ҪؿűĶȫһռݡеģһС

ҪԤС

ĲŵĿģҪԼͻȻιһҲԼ˲ģûи׼ҩʱȱһࡣ

˸Ҫֻ֣һŮֹʲôס֣





21.  һ   Ҳɱ㡣

ס֣ͣš

Զ㣬ɨߡ

ǸŮޣ͵һ
һֻ֪ǹϵ󣬱ȽϿ׵˵Ͼ謷Ǹĵľһ使۵ĴģһΪǶǻ

˵ħǸħĻǵĵףأɽ謷ķҲǸħˡ

Ůħ

žħĺܲ
Ȼ裬ͳһӣԼŮħˣŮħʲô

ǰȥ˵ΣΣӮȴûɱ

ĴȥʱǺˡĸסһȥġ

ǴΣˡ
ŵ

ʱԼİ֣˸ˣҵ˾ǣģһ۸СŮģ

ָ˵۸ң

İŮһѪۣ˵©磬ϻм謷ʱϢ

謷˿۵ı飬һӽ򵥴ĵ飬ꡣ

謷ˣҲûá
Ҳõף¶ĸףΪгһգΪ˵ĸףΪ˵

ǣų謷͵֮䡣

ǰҧгݵ£ѣδ

謷۾Ȼ𣬡бԣ

ŻصõȻصĴȥû˼ݣͲбˡ

䣬˶ҹȻǺ謷Ȼ𾴵Ŀ£򵥴ģƽ飺صůĻ𣿺ܼ򵥣ͺˡ

ǲġ
Ӷܡ

Ѫˣưɣд޵УҲ䡣Ҳ䡣

謷Ķ

ţ𣿡


ż

ļϳ谮ŮԼ汻謷Ȼŭɶ

謷Ҫźˣ·һҪһ֮ݣȥŵһ٣һֱԳԹϵշԼվˡ

ǺǼЦһ°ͣĴݣȰ謷СԣǴ˾ͿŰɡ

謷ӦĿ̨ϣ˫ĿѪһԲ

죺
⿴źҲҪ¡

Ȱȥͱˡ

謷ȻתףŭʣϵĵӰɣ

оһ˲֮Ĺϵˣһ˲Ҫ񶨡

תһ룬˫סųվڱ󣬿žֻһӦǡ

۸ĶҲôˡ

컹ûô͵Ĵ򶷡ݻһ˻

ԼұɡԼˤģԼҪû˸ְѿӸˡ
˵ְˣ

죺
˵ɡ֪Ҷ챣ס

ٿǵģûССԼȥɡ

謷ûӦ
һ죬찵̾Ϣ

ĺĽûгɹϮ

Ȼʧ;˸̶ܷ߱ڵһȣ൱Ĳʹ
עһͿء

ĳôûһô裬ı˵ϡʹȴǿҵĴܸдζܡ

ǰ䣬ҲƯӮúȲʡ

زͬ
ֻһƬš

ڿһؿЦԲһ鷲˶򲻹

ţſ̨ϣһ˿ݺݵصĵģͻȻðһѪͷ

ҪҪɱ

ħĵĲ˵ǳǿҲսΣŶûܰɱˡ
ԣڣڵħ֮ǰɱǸõѡҲ˵

ͷŸðˮ棬㱻ȥ



ڵĵĺͽֻħһˡ
Ϊ˹ܿܵķգɱ

ġ

ȥĸǰ
£°أ

гһգ˫㣬˸㣬аˣΪһˣվĶ桢˽ŵ£ҲһҪͦס
Ҳɱ㡣

ħһ޷⣬룬ǻɱ˵ġ
ΪЩɱ

謷ųϣĴɽȥѰħĵģԴ򣬰ɱֿý͸ʱıֻеܡ

ɶֵ

᲻ôѹҲᡣ

ֻʣһ˿ʶ˵ĵȻףҲ벻˵ʲô

ʹҪҲûȥ˼ˣֻʶ뵽İôý֮ԵôṼ
˶ãôΪһˣվĶ档

˵һ
·ĿЩֵܳݡ

İ˼⣬ʣȴһû˹ȥ

ʤڼһֱǱˮֵվ˳Խ

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ⳡԵսûʲôÿģǵѹͲ龫ʣּһֱԴأɽò˿ߵ֮ŴСڱԴ˲кãսк㱻謷Ҫɱ˵Ŀŵȫ˻ȥ

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ȻǸˡ
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22.  &   Ŀи

Ǹǫˡ
ԺԴ˵, Ŀǰʵ˼, ϵߪķޣȷʵûӮ档

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ֻ˯˯ץʭץʭ᲻űѵĽطȺֱӣԴεķ϶֮䣬ǵֱضʯͷ棬ɭˡ

ڶ˵

ûʲôأһֻħ
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ǶʯͷĿĲȤ
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ǡƽô𣿡

ѻ˻ƣľһ㣬̶ɱŨŨ·뽫ÿȫ͵նɱǳƤͿء

ͻȻ˵ѻһ󣬽ط

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˵Сðɣ
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ǰ̫С˼ˡСֻǶˮ

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Ҫߣ֪дķǷ׷׳ء

ĪĪܣСﲻڣ棡
Ǳ߷Ҳûãн磬ȥι

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ڷӿеĽҲס

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ԣҡҡͷ߹Цζ˵м鰡

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춼£ɱɱҪͶɧᣬתһ룬Ǹᡣ
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ܽһһָƣԷһ̧֣֪Ҫʩʲô̼вУ̵ʱ䣬ĻӦ

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ˡ

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ʹԼǸޣΪսʤ޷ʿȥѧȥǣȷ޸ѧϰμǿھÿһλúãһսʲôõĲԣõֶΣʽȫ

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á






23.  &   һС

ѾܶûбӰħӹ, ϾʱЩŶûеļһѹǰ, ߣͻȻôһ⣬мʸС

žԼȷʵͦģҲ˺ܶħ˵
󣬱ƤġģȫЩЦˡ

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ֶһĵԴ

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ûлػ
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Ҫ߳
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/已̥޷ħս
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һȭѺɫ棬ͣ壬ǿʵһ̹ͣؽзѷӳ˴ͷƣҪӰħɴ

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ȱȭһҵӰħϣ㱻ħϢҧסʱѪ죬Ƥⷭ
¸ôԶ涼ԼŵȭͷħϢʴʱ̵

ÿһγȭһľսһѪɽ

ӰħûѪģЩѪģȫʦϵģ

˵ʵŻվžǸ漣ˡ

뵽ΪԼζܷȥ͵ػͷŭţڻȥˣ˲Ͳˣ

øﷴһů⣬ЦЦΪ⣺ûµģʦ㣬Ҫǵ˼ޣֵġֻ֮󻹵鷳ˡ

Ҫ衣
ˣˣҪȥôһعƾʣһˣ浱Լҽҽҽʥɣ

ˣ˵ĻҲе裬һʱ֮أһˣû룬ܰ˭ȵ˭

һ꣬;Լ˵ˣˡ

̲סߡ
һȴŵĻӦתͷ

еķʦãͷģΨһ˫۾÷

˵ʦ㣬ҵĵ
ĵǾˣҵĵҲǾˡ

Ȳˣߡұ̰ĺܶ࣬ȫµˣȷˣߣˣˡ

ڸոգһʣԼΪ޵֮ʱѪУǰһĻĻ˲ͬţΪħ۵ѪĶ˷ħһ˲ɱǧ飬žԼҵ˴𰸡

ǡ

ǰ߰ؿ˷İ鵤ҩ˵Ҳ֪ԼΪģ֮͸Ӳ֪ˡ
ڵҲ

ֻһˣȻҲȫˡ

ȥס
ֻ֪ԼΪߵĻ飬Ϊ֮⣬նħˡ

Ϊʲô룿
ˡ

׸ɵĻҲϵڻǸˡ

һ̿ʼӵԼҪ׷ĵˡ
ܻкܶ벻ףν޵ǻʱȥЩӵ

䴽ЦЦ

ʦ㣬ԲʦҪһˡ

˵꣬Żף˱۾ԳСɽͼǿصӵܺݺȥ

ˣú
ȴȻ޷˵ȥ

һ˲䣬ԶһŰں

š
Ű˱۾Գӵܡеˣ

һ塣

һ֪΢Ǻһ۷塣

*

˱۾ԳȻͣ˹ջÿλ趼۷ɽҡضĳۣתȥʱһŵӶʱ˲õԤС

ʵԤи⡣

ͷΪ½ذ֮һĴ˱ͬһʹѱ߳ɽٹͷ
¶ĨЦȣʹ뽫Сɽ

һдͳħɽа֮ã۷ĵȫһ̣
Ϊ֮һеģҲƼյСɽİ˱۾Գʱʧȥ

ʿͼ
еֻ곤ҲǺöԸģ죬ʮ/֮ززͨͨ븹С

ˣˡ
һţָȨĸ߽׵Ӷپ췦һСɽҪյơ

Ҳˡ
жﴹõķȥѡ 

ɿתףһӭ

ˣԽȥˡ

ǰ˱۾ԳСɽ

߽׵ϳˡ
λʦ÷ǳӡ󣬲ؽڳŵӶס

ϳźһ㶣Ȼף־棺ʦǱ߲ķ򰡣

ľˡ

£࣬ϧ˳˷˱۾ԳСɽķ򱼸ȥ

˶ܣΨһ޷˵Уôͻأȴֱ˰Ŀ⼯ϡ
ܶ˲

߽׵һʱ֮˵һĻʱ飬ֻú𺳣־ÿ

ֱʶߵķ׷˼֮סһʦþס졢ӵϼ׵Ӱʱ߽׵ӵס

һСʦܡ

ȱͼħҧˣʧȥжһֱսսڵ棬ǸƼ޿

ʱ˶ߣȵСʦץסľһץס˸߽׵ӣɫ־ȣʦʦ֡Ⱦҡ

˵꣬˱Ҳ֧Ųסιȥˡ

߽׵ʱ˼㣬ϻһƬԼ桢ŵ涼ղŵһһˡ

ֲ
Ҵ棬һҲעͣһ졢һ̡

ĿʦõıӰ߽׵ӽȵСʦܷڵ棬ֻ󱣻ȫ

֮͵վգŴ죬źֱ˻ɤӣź

ڸ߽׵ҽ󡪡ʦʦã

˻
ļᶨ۷ش졣

˵Ķ

УҪĲࡣ

һǻɢڰֵ硣

þȫźͬͷӬײͣ˶·𱻴ˣǻţĵطȥ

ǿƽٶȽĸ߽׵ӡ
һݺСɽķʦá

ʦõ̱ڵ棬Ҳʬ壬Ҳܻŵŵӡ

ͻȻˣ־ͻŶһƬհ׵ԺУֳ¡

Ҫ
Ҫʦʦá

ʱ䲻ֻ࣬мϢ
Ҫڽеʱ顣

һʱ֮䣬۷֮ϱɫӰ⽣⡣

Ų֪ͷĶ֪Լ͸߽׵Ӳ飬Ҳ֪վһһѾͿ־򵹵ˣֻıӰȼĻ
ֻа˱۾ԳͼݺСɽ

ųһ̣ʵûҪô

Сɽа˱۾Գ֮Ȼһ磬ҲǸˣǾˣͽֿסСɽ

ֻܻ顣

ܻܲǸ⣬ܻ飬ʯһҪж֮˵

ɵңңһ֪ȱˣֻܰСɽͳˣʣµ飬һܹ

뵽ŵжǹӭСɽͳ˹ȥ

Сɽֵһ̣Ų˱۾ԳǶ˶١
ΪˣʲôУɳϵأûУֻǵһͶķ

ú΢

·ǡҪܿ

һΪ뷨е˼飬м־㤡

˱۾Գܿ
Ϊʲô

ڲ˼µʱ򣬼صѽǰȫζȹΣ档

޵꣬ų˶Դħһ⣬ԱҲһסˣһȭȥǲֻºصͷҽʦ϶ϱˡеýӵĻ

ʱѾûȥ׼һʾ

ʦãá

ŵףֻԶâȫӰС졣
ʶ֧ͬԮڼ̲˱ܣó

һ߽׵ӳӶһŸĻֺ뽣âֱֱɽ
һһ϶ȴܶɽ

緢ĳźţӰ׷󣬲ӣɽ֮ǰһΪ

ѹᣬֱ˵ܱסˡ

һɽ𽻸Զʦʦ㣬һ߽ȭϣһسԶһɽ˹ȥ

ٵĲӰ۵糸ھɽĵطӵһԾ̤նȥ
ͬʱɫȭϱŷֳϰ߲ɫʣЮɽӵƣֱȭ֡

ɽȭͷײһ

أɽƶ

ɽɳʯ֦ľӿء

˾Сʯ

Ųţһȭ˰ɽŭնһ֧ԮĳĶ˷ѵ

ӷɽ֮һѳඹ
ඹʱֱճ˵棬ûеһգֻۣԶ˷ΪģһȦͼлл۷֡

ඹ֮أкӰεض޷ŵӵȥǵصʯ

̳ɢȥΣѶɣ

š

ȭΪʼӵֱۣһֱҰߵؿڣԵζûˣֱʧȥ˸оǷ˵ĸϽš

ţ
߹Լ̫֮ͣһСΪԼصһȭɽϺ۷״̬

֪ҽʦβεúá
ӦõĿԵİɣϾҽʦĳضҽʦ㰡

Űˡ

Ű⣬˷Ҫˡ

̯Ӻ󣬴ǵĸǰ¶ɫ˵Ѫ

վŵ棬û˱ҡ

˷뱧ֲң˵øأǿӲذ˸ϻذȫĵطֵǿš⣬᲻ˣһ
ʲôûɣֻ㶵վԭأĿѪ

뾡һа취һ⣬뿴İЩ

뵽˷ɱĴкħѪħϢӿƴȫŲй¶ȥҲҿ۷ħϢ鲼С

˷εüãûܷ쳣һڿ˵ӣҷ˼

ͷ˿Լ

ʵţұҲã

Ϊǰε°ģȭʵʵԼؿһ£֤

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ſɲڴţ
һ壬أɽӯԴԴӿɺԵ壬·̥ǣ䲻۷壬ҲԼԼһЩǰǸ˼зħﴸԼ

鿪Ц¿Ѫɣ״̬ã˵ǰͷˣħҸǰҶɱ

Ȼ˷Ѫ
£ɵΪĶԼһȭͷʱʵ̲ӿϺŻһѪ

ţ
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24.  &   ᡣ

ŵ״̬ˡ

Ǵ˼Ѫһ, ǿȶ˷ڴʯͷ£ੲݵظ˵, 𶯣

ҪǶˣҾ͸ƴ
ֻɵĺӣܸҡ

˱۾ԳŸġ

һ۷Ľʧϼնڱҵħ׷׸ϵ, ֻɱ˰˱۾Գ

µĵͼħ, ȫɶ˷ɱˡ

ǵ, ȫ

˷, Ҳ󷨡
ǰޣҲǰޡ, ȱ˵ĸҪǿ

ֻϺз, ٶһѳඹ, ͼ, ĵͼħȫ͵ظɱ

˷ͼأɽȫʱٶǰεµķǷʵҲţŲ, ˼ѻصӽصǰ۷ʱ̣һʵܸһ¥

ħϮ֮Һ, ŲϷϵȥˡ

۷µǽ壬ƽ˵ȵΪʦʦʦʦպʬ

һӣʬĻȫµġ

ʱ˱ʹʱֻһƽǸûƵģ½Ҫ˵ѵе

ɨսΪʿʬѳϰߡ

žǿʼһֱΪȥͬʬұһĶҡΣ˼̡֮

䵱ı顣

ı鿴ƽ·ѾһĻĻϰߣĿȴǺʹġ

ûпޣȴ꣬һһεĺһȦȦǳǳģںġ

濴ȥˡ
һҧᣬس嵽ߣûзһ

ס˺һָͿ޵ϡﻩʦְ˷ڵϣһתʺͬʦøеʹˣ㲻Ұɣ
Ŵš

ʵǶ˷˵ǰεôôεĵ¡

λʦõĵ¡ŵĿһ޺̬ȥмֲۣе
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ԼǻΪʦһеķӡ

˷ãֻӦ˾䣺лѡ

һ

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Ϯأɽŵһֻħ˳ͬһʱ䣬Ľ磬ĳһֻӰħϢˮµӰ˳ˮ档

๾ðʴڲָˮɹۣбһ۹ȥӰħĵʣˣ

صֻй๾ð

һᣬɫԽԽԽԽҪƿڴʱ򣬲ԶϢ̰ѺĻѹ˻ȥˮϵӰħҲԶԾȥӲһ

һŮˡ
Ҳͳ

ĽİĿһ壬ʱÿһ磬ߵÆEE졣

յǹǰ
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ˡ

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ɲȥǸ˻ûгɳϿɱȥɽš޽ŵĻʱУǸֻǸ

ȻҲˡ
һ˲ɱǧͼħֶ֪ʵѻָʿʱһࡣ

е
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ΨһֵҵǣħǸ˵ĶǰС֡ʱ顱ŪˣڶҪɫûбɱ

£鲻ĿǰûзΪɳ¹ŵıֻܸ

һ죬ҪЩѪ֮ˣնɱ

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ˮʱ˫ɫֻʣ欵⡣

ˮʱ򣬻ˮ°͸֣ҲڲͣˮȴǱ͸ģǱѰŮӸĻꡣ

һ˵ƤңƤҺÿһһǣ˿˿̬˱𲻿ۡ

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ݣӵĲ顣Ůã롢롭 

಻ȥˡ
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ΪѹῴԼıݣÿÿ˫һ棬ǳＱ˹ιȭͷڵᣬݡ

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룬ΪʲôߵŮȫЩֵԣǰϹĺùĺóࡣ

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ã˦ȥ
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ղŲ֪㵽ȥӰħҲð˳һ˫С۾ҿ

Ҳںġ

Һܺõõ㣬Сӣʾ⣺˵

ˮӰħ๾ðݡ

ŶŮȻڲҵĸ

ȥ֪ͨŸͻʾлӰħ˵θ֮ǰ嵽ΣյǰأθһȥСɽˡ

ҵñŮûȻһܷ֮飬ú÷÷÷

Ӱħȥ͵Ϯȴû
ȫ˶Ψܡ

˵֮ǲ˱һ±ŮҾþҲɱˣ˵ҲƾʵԼ

Ӱħ๾ࡣ

Ҳǣȥƴһһ棬Ŷûˡ

أɽӰħлҪ˵ֹ๾һ

ɫһ˲ͱˣһۣҧָ׳˼һ૵ħѵҲ˲ɣȻһݣҵλòɣ

ЩΡ
ǵħƽ֪޵ķǰͣôͻȻͻڻĽ

һߣųеıŮξȴѡ

֪ԼΡ
ԻþξһĻӵĵֿ

Щɵħаβظþ벻һһɱڻþŻճΪþСˡ

ʱȻûʶӲĸ㲻ЩħҲ²ߣþܴϢһһᡣ

ԾĴϣӹסԴĿƻξ﷢

ֵһ˫岮ǵļա

ʱû߳ħĿ־塢߳Ǳħ¾ӰÿӣϺööȼϺüͨƻͨġ
ڱΧСӣؽʼ޷һĻĻɪɪ

Ƕ˷һС

ʶĵһͷСײǰȻʦĿ³˵Ҫսʤħ

뵽ָ֡

ͷŸһðֻӰӽ

˷ĳˣżȻ޼ɵ顣
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ŵΡ
ǰεӦҪߺȤ˲ǡ

ϡ
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ҡԱ𣿡

ţ

ţ
ⲻΪʲôоԼˣ

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ΪˣϴƿѪħꡣ

ŵΪ˵ֻһ˵
֪˷ǴæˣƽæŽħΪѵķѩ̿ӦԸŸɶĸԼշɽûʲô˵ĵط¼ȥҲ뵽ǽΪһ˵

ĸҡ
ҲԶеҪ档

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̫š

պֻƻħ伣ˣ켸ȳɽ׷Ѱֻ׷ĺŸ
ȥѩѱãû뵽Ҫ˵ʱ򣬾ͻȻϲѶ

Ϊݾߣ˷ǹƥشɱħߣһ˲ɱеͼħجβħ˸ס˵ɱ㲻ˡ

˵ֻܰ㵽ʣµģֻܿԼˡǾԼ̬ǿӲַŵͷһᡣ㲻ԸĻҲ㡣㿪˵һǣҿ㶯֡

˷ɫᣬʦǿ˵磬žǴϸܵһ

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ֻҪ߾ͺˡ

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Ϊʲôôã

ΪҪңҲǻ˵һĺɡ

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㶺ˡ
ȷʵ˷һ档

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ţ޳ܣһ볬棬Ѱ˸޵ɡ

˻ûпޣֹŵس棬Ǳ

û뵽֪˼

Ų˼飺

ЦЦ

ڻ룬ֻһ˲䣬һЦ

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뵽ſǰͻȻҪӵӣǾ״е㲻Ծ

ΪԲ˲Ծ

ٳٵòŵĻӦΪǶԷýܾĻ˵ڣξеĶ˷һһ㰵ȥ

ǳһĨЦҵû˵ա

ſֻǰĶ˷ͼྶͥ

˷ʵհǰ˺ˣҲȷ⣬¹ϵռλãҲһ£עⲻǵʱ͵͵һڣ񣬶һһСĽ±ܾ

һأŷкܶν

Ϊ˭Ϊʲô˷Ż⸱ģ



ϴ

ȻеңʱĶ˷ǱʱڵϾ

ȫϰˡصʵҲ뷨Ӱﶫ˷״̬ġ
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뵽Цس˷֡

һ㡣

߽

һ룬ͻȻſ˫ۣ˹ȥȥĲӡ

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˷һʱ֮ûзӦָշϣ紥˵˻

Сʣ

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ף׻ĵηӣرסϲ־رһľ
ɵļʱֶ˼ְ֮Ĳ

Ŵһӵиܵࡣ
ҲʶֻǸξξǣʵԼ

Ų֪˵Բ𡣡



֪ʱԼֻȥͷֻҪܲôС
żʹˣǷֿˣҲҵµĵ¡ϲô࣬һһ㣬ãͬС̫һŮ

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ˣ㶺Ĭһᣬʵ̲ס㵱Ϊβң

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Ϊ˵ҪĻ˷ٻֹһûУֻǳĬˣѡȨ

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Щǲֻ̫ˡ

˷Ĭһ£żѿڣǻᡭȷʵ̫ˡҺ

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Ŷߡ

ʱ㣬Һܵɥڻ֮£Ҳšɳˣ»оˡЩȫʱ뷨ںǿʱ飬һ˶ҲԻȫԣҪ١

űĻ

ɵʣ˫۽ʪˮǿƲסصŵĿʼһһģעȫתƵȥˡ

˷ͳúá
ƤҺãÿһϾ̶Ҳã¹Ҳֻ¶ռ˼̻ˡˣвǵǿˡ

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˵Ķ



žô˿̵ԼǰԵˣ°կİС۸ˡ

ţ
Щʲô߰ģ˷ڻʹأ

㼱ҴӦ˲ޣͲˡ

ָ֣ˮǰԵڿС͡

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ʵֻһʡ
ҴðɣǰԹһӣѾȫںˣֻǳ⿪һĽѡ

ţ
⻰ƺеëȻȫںˣôĽ᣿˵Щɶ

ɱû뵽˵ǳϵش־ˣ߼Ҫˡ

Է˽͡

סһһıḧȰûûˣȥˡ

ҷҾԲˡԣԺôСضˣ𣿡
ų˺ݻҪۿ㣬ҵۡ

˷֪̬ȣӦá

˵Ӧãɶ˷°Լʹڳֹʹȥ۵ġ

ˣҪʹĻڳͺˡ
е֮⣬ʹЧǲġ





25.  &   ǰѳܻӭ

Ĵ̼̫, ûãžˡ
Ȼһ, ʢյıˡ

ſ齱ߵĶ˷ٵһһǻʫ飬ǿԼƲߣ˱ŬͷԼһûסǰε·²ˡĴ

ȴڱ

һѣ˷Ҳˡ

еůȻɢ˷ֻԼһ˲ص֮ǰ, ۴ﶬ, ǳǵ, ô涼治ů, ҵﱻգҲûһǱġ

ʶ, ȥѰƬǰů

ۣߵ, ʶر˫Ȧסļ, ֹסµһвǾˮ´һ

̫, һȷʵˣڣš
û

ɿš

ţôͻȻͱˣ
̼̫, оԼҪλȥˡ

һ£޹ֻóȷſҡ

˷š

һ֮, Ҳûб˷ܾ㶡

˵ԺԲС𣿡䣬˷仰ʼⲻǡҿġ˼𣿡

ѹ
ǰȷʵ˵ĻɡԭĶ˷𣿣

ĬĬ
ֻĵǳǿޣȻԼᡣ

ļڲúò׸һĶ˷ΪԼǻ⣬彩Ӳ˿

Ǹðˡ

ǰεһ˲ϱص棬żæأûǸ˼

˷µת˲ͻȻԼ·ˡ


̲סǰǰε£ûܻ֡һȭɽĴ˶ʱûˣƿǰε£ҪǸԺ

˷ǣ֮ǰҲ𣿡

꿽ˡ

ţֻǷŮ˶ܻ᷸ĴҷģԺ󲻻ˡ

˷
ʵġòʧˡ

ۼźǰǸʵͽǰѷ·رĶ˷ƺ㳷Լ˵ĻŸæתƻ⣺ʲôʱ

ʳִָŵȥ

ջġǽ˵ȥ

ţ
õģŲš

*

һս
ȴֹ˷Ҳˡ

ݼĶ硱
һ˲ɱǧͼħ
ޡ
޽ֵ컨塱


ЩͷεעĿǺüһ𣬶˷һӾʹˡ

ǰһĻ

ֻҪ˷ںҽݣһȺ֦չݺݺΧࡣ
ίģ׸װʾáˬģǰҽһֱѯʽ

ҲŽˮ¥̨ȵµģ½СëŮ޾ҽݿ챻ˡ

ŵ˵˷һƾʵҽݵӪҵ

ÿ쿴ͬʦʦöԼǰε׳һ֦źƽҲǳǡ

ΪĶ˷˶úĶ

ǰԶ˷Ρ˵Ľ⿪٣ҹҹڰ߳ʱɵӰǿ᯶ֽǰˡ

貣üɷ̸֮ȴػؾÿһλʾõŮʿ

ǰˤˣɰˣǲСıУʩչ䣬ԭ
ǶԷѧƣҲ˵ƣְֻȫ罻룬֪ʶĵڡ

һˮ©ĴŮʶĲȻ󡪡ٽ

ոˮһ˵Ů޵ҽʦгϢҽݣСԺԼλԣԲԶһĻ겻ѡ

ܻӭֻ޽ż׼Ҫˢˡ
棬һλҽʦ㡣

λҽʦˣ˳Թϵŵͷǰ

쳣ƽҽʦ㲻ʣʦòϲ𣿡

ţϲ

ȥԣ 

Ŷһ£֮ƽػشԣһ־ˡ

ҽʦ𾪡
û뵽λͦǫѷʦþȻ˵ôĻ

ҽʦ𾪣ˣʣʦ㲻֪Ϊںҽ𣿡

ѵΪ𣿡

޵ʦϻۣһͨ

ҽʦ㣺

ţһпԵӣе㲻ˣ룬Լøλʦ㳤ʶǡ

泯˷ķ֣ҲǲǡûڿԼ

ôһ֣һȺΧмĶ˷濴ˡ
ǾڳζĴǲԾϹ𣬶ϲ⣬ǵøŮʿ

֮ʱֻеӴҴǵ𣬻ȻһȫƮԶĵط䣬Ȳˡ

ȥˣ
Ÿǰ

Ȼе֣ʵ˵ʵҲ⣬˷ȻôԶôԶĵط֣һգۣϵǰˡ

֮⣬Ʋס˿˿

Ժľǧϵ̧֣ʾⶫ˷ͷɵذԴ£ժȥһ괺

Žǰ괺ģߣȴ˷סһתһɫĻͻ

˻ŵã䵭üһ˲ʻƽҲ볣ͬ
һ

գգۣľǧ壬֣ͻȻʶҽʦԱߣֻա

Դ֮ǰҵָױŪˡ

˷ٸõġ

ѿڣȴ̷ڣˡ
ͣԺܵǣҵֱá

Щ£¶˷һǣ֣һߴܵĻ棬ֻŹ֣ʣǣ֣νӡʩ

ȷʵǸ⡣

˷룬˵ڱ㿪ʼϰĬ

ţ
û뵽˱Ʋáһ¾ҪĽࡣ

ٺͶ˷Ͼȥٶ˵䣬ֱӷˡ

ŸæϹ䣬һԼҪΪܴܿŮ˵ĿӶ˷ϱ𿪣ɨԱߵҽʦ㣬뵽ʲôʣʦ㣬֪ҽʦʦ㵽ȥ𣿡

һֱͻȻҽʦ£֪

ȷʵȥ
ֻ֪һħϮ֮ʦƵ֪ʲôϢտʦиչˡҪǿϽҽݷΧһ˾ʹҴˣ֪ȥδֱ˿ԲӰ

ҽʦĻŶһҲʼ룬澿ȥҲ᲻ʲô鷳Ҫæ

û̫á

һ֮󣬱˴ȥˡ

ںҽݵԺɹ̫˳ұؿ֮岿ֵţڿŸ߽׵Ӵӷɽ£ͣԼĸǰʱ̫ⷢ˺¡

Ϊ׵ĵ˵һ˰ɡ

ŷ־ʯʣΪ£

ųټ㡣

ųټ

źɵλֻ֮ͣÿƣҪǿģҲҪߡ

Ӱᡣ

ǰλŵӿȥⲻƣŻǸˡ

ǳֵʱ֮ʣϣŵȥûκ˵ע⣬ȴûӹһ˫ɫ۾

ѪӹһתΪңԶĵط漴һѻС

ѻеڴ
һ𣬶˷ɫ䣬üĶȻɢת˪ٴһ㡣

Ǳ߳״
ˡ

޳ָһѿէ֣˼ϢŵǶ˹ճƬߵϣǱεľһɣת۵޴档

ų֣˷ֻ̤ŵһߣһ䡰´˵˱ͣˣѻΪʼڣȫ̲һϢĹ

˵գԭصӦǡ
ףչһ˲Ƶصصֻһףһʿ۵Ůʬ

Ůʬ˫ۺϸӣٵһǱټˡ



˷Ϣػصأɽûоκζ
ȡһֱںҽݵѻļ䣬Ųµȥ

ټųϡ
еķӰ塣

ֻйؽһ¡

˼ˣһڶָ档
ڶͼӰλʱǱסˣһͬʱ䣬Ӱ壬ضڵ֮䣬һֻ۵ѻȻУ롣

˻ᣬλŵӹѻӽ֮С

ŰȻ˷
գۣǼźڶͼܼӰλá

Ҫ԰֣ͣ£⣺ˣֱɱ˺ˡ

ע⣬˷뷴ڡ
룬Ҫɱˣ˵Ҫűе

С˭Ҫɱ˭
ܵ˺ָħǧָĿҪ浽һ̣Զˡ

ˡ
˽ΪԼ˺

浽ɱ峡һҲ޿κεģϾЩ˲ãǲöôáʲôûеİֵġ

һġ

뵽Žնᣬ˷иеˡ

˺֣˷շ巽ȥ

һߣȻ˽ء

һأպܲԣ־˺ܶˡ

վڵ˵Ƕ˺ܶ࣬ҪͷӰˡ
Եɨ۹ȥڽķ֮һ֮һڳԹϿϷһ˫۾ħƽӣڷ裬ŵɫ⣬·ֻҪһħ𽣣ɱ֮

Żղҽʦ档

ûüϸϸֻһͷը졣

¡

΢

ɫһ˲ˡ
ʱ磬أŮʣִľҶ쪣ͶڵӰӿ¶ħ֡

˲ͷĶ
ֻҪŵϥһ֣أȷѪꡣ

һĻ

Աߵĳһھ¹һҡҡͷ¶Σæкţع򲻱ع򡣡

һñ˹µųϵļ򣬽ͣĿͷ֮ǰ׽統˺üʮĻʵۣԴΪʿҲû˹ˣ춼һһʱĿСС֣֡

ֲ׽黹δŪôʷ˵̬ȶԴСѣҪԩˣøɶˡ

ʱħСʦͻȻһ˷ܣָı˵ħ

ųϣ
ţ

ǰλʵۼ֤ɽ˰ɣٹ£

ֻЦõض԰ħ״̬µСʦֵ̧Сʦ壬ˡ

ųϣͻȻţͷ˵ʲô
ǰλʵۣ˾ܲ

һ˲ź󣬽ﱬľ̾Ȼ£ںħĽطһ䡰ˡħ״̬һ˲Ŀ

ˣ
ģ

ţˣ̫أʱҶɵĺһΪҵļֲܳɲĵģҺΰ󡣡
ȻСöûҪطҪŬҪսҪȥ

طͻȻȺħ裬˾һͰѪ󲿷𾪵ַǳͷԡ

ŵǶЩճķӺϰˡ

֮о
ƽľصλϣʣʳǰΪ£

ܲµ֡

űԵպħϮ۷սŴͨͨرʶ֧һƵɽ»۷μӱԵЩ֮֡

رȻΪ
ݲ֪ȷз˺£ɼ鲻С

Ϊܵĵӣۺ£׵塣

һٲƴڻλϽ侲
עĿš

ǰŮ̬ݳĿ¶
Ƕţ֪ħϮʱʣˡ

ɣƻգħ顣
λŮħĻгһգŻ֮֡£ǶĲҲû˶ĵ

ǣʿʼ
гʧ䡣

һλǰ벽żɫűԵգ˴أ˿ħħϣħ¡йأ

ħˣ

ž֡
ǰֱһսħһֱڽأӲűߡߵϢһ⣬ȴ˳ȥ

ʵϣžΣŵĳҲΡ

Ȼ˵˷˿ħֳĺۼ˼򵥡
ɱһȴһ֣ѿħߡħħνͣΪǺΣ

ڽƵλǣ˼룬룬˭û뵽ħһȷʵ飬ħϣһʱľٶѡ
Ϊǻ޽ıƣʵǶŮ鳤Ѱˡ

ɳǲ֪ǵĸ̫鱨̫٣̫࣬ʲô㲻

Ҳһͷˮ²ʱ̣֪ųѾԼӷģ޹ء

һԹڲ԰ףѹû¼ժ

޹أ
Ѷĳϼݸ£һ˲ţոԳѹ֣˴

ط֮ǰӰƽ˾صĵӾ㱨ûκ쳣ǰףɼ£Ǳ˽أŻȵűԵղ¶צ

򴽡
֪δ𸴣ȷʵֻ˽أҼ޷֤ϴɡ

ü˼һʣпǺˣ

Ŀ߾˽䡣

һ٣ţȫ

ųϣԣȫ
ˣҲͷ˹

һΧ䣬Ӱܶ⡣
Էʵ뷨ħʿǲĹϵҪԶԷ֣ڲټԼ鱨ȫءȴôˡ˵ʲôϸһ룬

ųõ˿϶Ĵ𰸺еĸоŵͷð˳

ֱų̣֣֤ʵӲĹϵʱиǵ˶壬˿˿ǺëȻ

һֵ뷨䲻شŵԺи֡

գ˷°ϵѪ㶸Ȼ뵽һͬĽʦʱһģһ





26.  ʮ&һ   ħɱ֮

ָµһѪ, һ˿ϵʳָŲԾ˶˷

֪Լûġ
, Ϊ˽ſħءɱϣȴҲƣħϣطħϴνʦֵҲ֤һвĶ롣

̲ס
̲סɡ̲סȥ룬ΪűԵգٳٲȥ˺, رʡħϮǲǽиϵ

̫, ̫רע, µķΧ, Χȫ˲

֤ʵȷرǣ󣬽һ˲, ųϡǵȻлڶ˸ɲĿռﱬ, һȼ

ų˵˲, ɲ类ˡ

аأ˳ǵ, ֻһ·һ˫֡һѷĵӸ˺ǰֻһ˲һգ۵Ĺ, ܱᱻѪɫӿ

ϸϸⷬëȻζ, ֻһ󺰣ȻбȻɢû



֮ҽʦ档

һֱСʦµųϸǰѹȰʦرǣؾ߻ıлᣬλϡ˼ٶ

ŹϵϺõʦҲվ˳ӭųǵעӣӲͷƤ˵Ӹ飬ԸΪʦ

ǰͻȻӰŴ˼ѳ

ʶԼɸˡ
̬չֻҪȥã

ŲҶֻҪһᱻжΪΣûˡ
ڤڤоԼܱ¡ȥã¿⡣

㲻ΪԼͽرʳϹϵûΪԼ绤ֻó²ߣһ

ţټһΡ 

̵ĽһҲͬ

ҡҡͷ˵˴ηǽرʣħϮһµ

ð֮١
֤ħϮҲһϵͳˣΪˡ˵ȥֱӱؽɽĿԶС

ŻǾҪġ

ǵֻ˱۾Գ
˱۾ԳڷʱܿȻǲɼڼƻ֮⣬ħϮĿģϮ

²վǲ²⣬һӴȫ̽ңҲɲȫˣϾϣֻʣһơ

ųϰ顣
ǿһ桢ͦŵӣĿŵϡ

мֽǣǴ˻ºѣǱƽ޹ԩŪࡣ
˵˴µ˲ӵ˸ɾ峺Ǻ֮йأǲֺȻ߲Ȼ𾴡

ų˹ʶ

Ҳգһλᡣ

ٳ
صĽ˽һ

Χɲ٣ҲڸҶˣԼһͱͱѡ

ϥأӻᣬħܻء

ųϳĬ
֤ʵǰŮӺħϮ޹أ̬岻ǰһǰҲȫġ

أ˼ʹȥãҲý۲һʱ顣

˼ˣųϸ벵ŵ󣬱һ˿ڡ

볤Ǹɡ

Ӷˡ

һշ죬ǳ֮ˡ
һδŵĵۣǸӣƼǸݣ²Ҳܲµһ˲ɱǧħĹ䶯ʿ

ͣ˽Ų󣬶˷ǰС
ѹĿȻֱֱϥ࣬קקˣ޹ֻǰųǡ

ü£磬ɷħһսˣ»δȬ

˷ҪƣŸæֳ̧˳䣬ʾ˵ȥָԼԸġ

˷̾
֪ǲĿĲϰݡ

ֱ̧ȭųϵ볤ŵÿħһ£ݼҲһͬǰ

˵ݼڣݼֻʣһˣ˵ıǶ˷óŵͷۻ˼깦֤֮ס

Ͷ˷Ĳ룬޿ܵת

ų϶ӣɫ죺ħѳأɽ׽硣ǷŻɽطܵ˷Σ

Сɽһѹϼ첻æңصͷЦԡ

ε𣿣

죺һžħᡣ쿴ˣԸж·һְ׷ɱͽݡ

Ҳ˵ҽ꣬ԸԶҽ±֤ʦþħǱΪ飬±䶨һЩᡣ

˷飺ҲԸһеѾǶˣһơ⡢衣

ﾪ

û뵽һŸոĺһӣܵһ֮²ż汸ҽʦ㡢պյŵӵౣ

ǲ򱻻ĵŮӡ
룬ܱ˺ǻĵģ񻨶һ۵Ůӣֻ絥ǰ㣬ϵŵġǣֻ޽洦ɼһŮޣͨòеȡ

˲֪кܵ໤ɿۣƺ֪ܵԭɡ

ͷʼմ䲻Ȱ¶ֺ
ƲԳǿΪεҲټĳ־ͼᶨ֮ˣеġ

ħϮڻ۷һ˵һ֮⡣

ħ֮ʱֱõĵӴڣἰҫۡĿĽǸոǰһǷ˵ʦ޷޵һĻ˵޷Ӱ˵ûһڵʹ¡

뵽ǲûܼһյ𺳳ź

£˵ϣųϱˡ

ͬ׷ħǰǱŵ档

϶Ű¿Ҳվ
вܶճȭ˴Ŀڵλá

ʾлҲǱлλϣӱزλصܻؿħħ˼䰲

ס

ųȥؽأһֽطûжȹĽ١Խħϣħ׼ʱ鳾ֻתȡˡ

һħû˻ͷ·
лкħб޺ħ

ǱŰԣѪ飬ΪʵԼֶΣȷѪ꣬Ϳ̿

ˣħɱ֮

һ㣬˶

Ŀͳ뿪ŶΪǱʾ˸л

лʱȴⲻơ

Сʦ壺ҵģԶ㡣

Ĭ£λСʦڷŲı֣ô̼Ʒơ

Сʦ屻Եĸ߽׵ѹƣɫƽطƫҪСʦб£ЩսʤħֹҲǡ

ҲǴ̼Ʒʧܵһ졣

Сʦ˸ˣһСĳħʧȥյĴݣһб嵽˾ĵطԴ˵Ȱ侲

СʦϵħҲͷۡ
һǰӱˣϣħΪСʦĩ·Ҫãҽʦ͵ԶڽءɿľžٳŲվҪεˡ

뵽⣬Ų֪˵֮Ļ

˷Եһװ˺ܶ£ЩȣҲֻһӣܿƽСʦħϡܽ𣿡

룬ħϵһܽ⡣

˵Լһ̵顣
ܸӣìܵ˼㡣

ζ˷ܾһСʦ壬ֺܾȡܽšǽ޲ߵħϣԼĻɶҪ

ǵģ
ɵȻ¡֮ΣĪֵĲңȫһѷء޷Ƶӿ˳

Ӷ˷еõһʲôĴ𰸣
Ҳ֪

࣬ǻԣȫеܡ

ԣһ˷ڣŵľǲһ¡

һ˲󣬲ҿֻĻϣСʦħԼ߲Ļ˺ѰæӦðﲻ

һ䣬³һࡣ
ɵŶ˷˵ӦðﲻСʦʱǿ³ʮػˡ

˵Ӧá
ΪʲôҪ˵Ӧã

ΪܰСʦ˼

תףҪأ

˷£û뵽ŻͻȻôʡ

΢΢Цˡ
ѹĵĿŵĶѿ̵޶ȡ

ԸӣͷŵĶͷķɫᣬǾһпܳ谮ԼˣҪ

ǰұ

䣬˷̧ųϣ˵⣬ǽͿյ¡

Сʦ˵ء

˶Ŷ˷Сʦƣλ޽ѵһţҪΰֻܿսʤ߳ħϡ

Ӧ˵šζӳµһ

ԶȴħϣҲ֪㲻ͷģŶ˷ҪҪôСʦ塣
ͷ֮ȥǡħϣǲǶ˷µģ

ź˼֮ʱ˷˾ٴ롣

СʦƸһӡΪСʦĲЭ󻮵ȥˣҲ޷Ѫ˷ʼ䡣

źһĻ졣

˻ᣬˡ
ɴֹȡһ£

˷£ǰѺתƵʱһޡ
ҲǰͬأʶҪʲôʱѾˡ

ħϢ˳˳ѪҺ˿Я˸ʴԵ˿ʴСʦϵĴڣѵøѪֱ۵У鲼ħ򽥽ȥ

ħҲγ
˼һһ˷ɫĳƤѪܡ

˷費һˡ

ҲӲС
ħϢħ̫ǿƣ޷͵ɱ˵ʹתƵӣֵûصСʦȥ

ħϢħ壬˷ħէ֣·ȴķɫӳĵøףۺϣֳС
һ㱣֮䣬ǷӦģ˷ֱðѹ궯ħϢʹǰ֣˫Ŀػ

ȴʵ̲ס𣬽ŻѪ

Χȥ

ӣһҲ߲ȥ
īħϢѪϻؾ뷨˰࣬Զ˷ĻǶô֡

Ŷ㲻ǰ֮ʱ˷Ц˵ĺ⣬Ҳ֤ħϢħ϶Ӱ졪¼Ѫգ޸ࡣ

类ԭأ˷Ѫ̧ǰ嵲ס˵ѪɫҲǵסŵĿ⡣

ӽͻȻһƬ°½ǣŵһãȻ̧ס

Բҡ

ϡ
˳ȥֻ˷Ц̣£ѪбħϢһЩҲ޴󰭡ħҲҡ

ҧ֪ڰοء
ѪɫĲ԰ݣˣһʱ֪˵ʲôãҲƺ˵ʲôǴġ

Ƕ˷ľ

ǰһֹһ£˵վ̫ȣܷһҾͺˡ

ĬĬ˵ͷץס󣬺ԼĲԼ

ɻûвһᣬ˷Լֵˣָãվֱ壬ջֱۣ⡣

˷֪ģȻûоҪˡ

ţȻ֪ǰεµģ̲סҪ
ˣ˹ȻһȰɣ

ӹħһ٣ȴǰ״̬СʦЦһ
˫ۻأϵѪֱֻضŶ˷Цװɡ

һ仰⡣

ֹСʦ壬طȫǸͬı顢

ǿ͸ʲôʵϿ͸ʲôȺ֪˶ˣϾ̫ǿᣬͷʱܽһ⣬ڱصĴѹƣȫǰ״

ܽ⣬Ҳ⡣

Ŵ鼫֮˱ɺˣ޽δϣͦȤġ

Сʦı档
ߺݺݵһۣ˾æ˸˷

˵лˡ

Сʦ壺лƨл˭л

棺ұ죡

СʦͦģȴǸ޹ϣһڣﻹǲǲ˵ˣһһС

סСʦ壬׽ŵ⣬ֻǱħĥ̫꣬ԸЩˡ

ԶִСʦһ

˷⣬ֻЦԣյѲҿչ˰࣬ղŻѹվ˳Ҹлǡ

лһͨ治̫˼Ͼɫĵʦõֱ۾ͽҰɡ

ˡ

л꣬һֱ߳˵ǻȥ

ǼźͶ˷һһˣ뿪ӰǹǺźһ̡
⵽˾ܾ

˷л

̶˼ǺǼЦһټ֣УССɣҾͲˡ
һڳɽ֮ǰȥһ˵Ļ󣬲ŷɽȥˡ

Ŀ뿪󣬶˷ţǻغҽݣ

Ųҽݡ
ҽݿ϶кܶˣΪ˷Ůޡ飬ֻѰĵطһ

𣺡ǻݰɡ

á

ŻݱѰ徻ĵطһ룬صշɽŵ֮Ǹӡ

룬ƺ֪űʱΪζ˷ٳٲˡ

Ϊǰ

Ǵ󣬾֮á
ü򵥣ȴ൱꣬£δܳɣҲ亱ԭɡ

ǰѾˣŨػۿɼĹ㣬⣬Ȼɾһ㡣

Ƕ˷֮ǰͿʼﱸˡ
ڵʱ͵͵أһһء

Ҫ֪϶Ҫֹģַ̫ΪԼֻۣԻرǷࡣ

Ųû緢˿ɵߴʮǰӰãŨüֱؾеһƴȫû뵽гεڷãȫĬĬǰͷ·ֻűϹ߾ǡ

һֱڶŰյӨ׹񣬶˷ͣŸű֮ǰɵģԽû뵽߹ԼϵԵղŪá

ŵķɰݸҲ͹㡣

û˵
ٳһǸԡ

ڲӦ˵ллʱΪʲôҪǸأ

ű˷סˣĬĬתס֣ڶͷڿԭ£˵лл

룬ԺһǸöööθ

߰ػ
ѹ






27.  &   ֪ħˡ

ա
ҽһˡ

֪Ͷ˷, ʱлп˵ҽʦӭ˽ȥ

ڼ䣬治ຮ, ǳذ˵Ļָһѵĵҩĩ˸˼롣

ײ˲˵ˡ

ԹָȴκηӦǳһߵִ£һʣʦ㣬ҶȬ

仰ǳ, ܸоööΡ

һº󡭡ɨһֱǽǵ, һ̾Ϣ, ˴𰸣ںܶˡ

ţŶ, Ǿһڡ

棺ǰǺơ

ǲ̫ܵġ
ƽ, Űһ㡢ȫȫ죬ο׽ÿħ

˻δ, ֲ֪ҪȥĸɽѪѪ, ̲ס˵²ȥ׽ÿħ, ʦҲܱסġ

ں壬е
˵۷ǱҲҽݣҽ߳ҽ޻ںߡô, Сɨӣȫ飬Ҳǵ˲١

ŵʮλȫ, ţҲõһ¡

ů⣬ЦЦûжԡ

ԣҽʦѣͱؽ㣬̫

СȱܱǿǴ
ʱ̫٣ſǺһʿ˵ҲܴˣɻصǸħħ޵Լһξ롣

벻Ͻƴ

ҲҪóʱһ̧ۣ֡ϵֻ˻֣˵ܷչս

ġ
֮ǰˣ˾רŶ۶ϵȴ򣬾ˣųɹгΪյмƵս

棺˵ʲôá

գգۡ

ֲظ£õۡϵĵضʵץħˣ˾ˣͻʦҲҪӲţҪúƣ֪𣿡

֪ˣлʦ㡣

òҽʦ㶥һĸ׵룬ŬܶƴһΪҽʦĴڣܼȥġ

Ȼ

վڷɽϣչ⣬ֵĶ˷һס֣վ

ȥã



һΪǣߵڣߵһ̡

ԣҪӸŬУܹκһˣҲʧȥκһˡ



Ű䲼ͻĵط

յ˵ǰȥÿħѾ룬ʱڿǰϣ׽һ¡

ڣվǰˣǶǻô׽жĳԱ
ǰŶһжһƴӵľ飬ˣ£˴۵СۣεǼֳ

ţ硭ҽһ£

޵ŴС𾪣һҪҽܣ
ʦ֣ʦ͹ԹԽܣ
ʦ֣߶Ⱥ
ǰε£˷

һ֮Ų֪˵ʲôˣһ
˼۵Сۡ

ʦΪһеĴ޵ŴС㿪˸ͷͻȻĿƳ򵥴ģʾ㣬

ⱲӶԵָʹָʦֵĻһ㶣ʣƾʲôҾ

ʦ֣Ϊûкúҽܣ

ģҲûУ˼˵ң

ۿħûϣҪڧˣŸϽ˻

һм䣬ֱ۴ڵĵļϣܺҪ˦ƴţ˦˲ɽˤǱûгࡣ

ģޡ˽ܣתʱʦ֣ʦ֣

ŵӵȻҪһ׳֣ء

ŵͷ䣺ʦ֣أޡ
ָ˷ǰε£˷ޡ

תͷԳƸ߶Ⱥĸʦ֣ʦʲôģ

ޡ

ڷſһֱĵģԼţ˵ңţޡ

λǳʱڴ˵ؼϣΣ

ԣ߶Ⱥ£Щ⣬۾Ĺ⣬ȥ궬ҵӡ

ʣĿĵˣ

ŵͷǿϷȥ

Կħ˽ʵҲࡣ
ǰںͿħԴʱ֪˿ħ׿֮⣬һ֪

׿׽粻Ǵգ༯

߶ȺΪô˵

ŸմĶ˵ʱȴ˷סռһԣʾħڽݡſеϷ

Ų֪ħ֣˵ؿƿĿħԣû֪֪һ鱨֪жвɸ˵ء
ͳˡ

ɶžһֺ֮󣬶˷ֲɵȥ룬ҪűᣬͿħв岻ĹϵǲǱܰȥ׽ա

ʲôȥ㹻ˡ
ֻԶðڰȫĵطʲôҲҲʲôҲֻһЩ򵥵ġֵ飬նħ

뵽ӥץؽӵ뷨ð˳
Щ̫õ뷨һݽˮ棬ֲϱ

֮ʱΪյСӳĻãǴҸ׼ճʱ

ӵĿСץħһңβӮˣĽŲ˷

ȥշɡ

˵ˣڳɽ֮ǰȥһˡ
ʹᣬҲҪȥ

˷ɽΪħ
Ȼˣ˫µĽӴǼܰЩæ

ųŶ˷ķɽշ嶥

˷ɽת׶Զ˷˵ȥȥ׼ɡҺͷ˵껰ͻݡ

˷ףЦأãҵ

ֻͨͨĶԻȴһ죬ĪϷڵ
ͷС׺󣬴ҴתӣѰȥˡ

ϵŻڽûԶС

ڳֱ⣺ˣǼÿħĻҪ˴εĻĽ֮ˡ

ֱŲżſڼȥ׽ҿħĽ֮С


ţˣҪȥ׽ÿħ
޵ΪǿΪõΪ˽ħȼ¡ħǱģǿֶֻΣǹߡ񣬼ȻħûеΪҶ¡ؿ֮գЩħˣû֮ʱ

ŵһ겻ѣֱԼһֱŵĺĳˡ

һ߰ٸнһߴȡЩʱҳ˫׵Ӵ

ȻҪԶţұɡҲ᷽㲻١

ף˫ֽӹ

ӴֻмڵСһȥҲࡣ

䣬Ǽն˷ѰǰʱӡڽеĻŶ˷ֱ֮ǰˣȰڵСˣҿͦģˣճ׽Ϊ°ɡ

һ㶣ͻȻ仰ƺе㲻ԡ

ĿǻȻǡ֪Ͷ˷Ĺϵһ

˼ˣŸˡ

Ӧ֪Ĳǣ֪˷ϵǳ
Ϊ첻ΪףǽΪ£һͷ

ѵǡ˷ʱ˵ʲôǵĹϵƲøɸɾ

һĭ
ͻȻĻңձ

ͿϺϣƺ˵Щʲô壬ֻһһϵ죬˼סˡ

ô죿

ҪҪʣ
ʵĻôҹȥ

ˣˣõȫûа취ӦԵĴ𰸣ô죿

ͷôģ͵֡һͷ

һҹȼ֮ǰʬʼӰŸ˵һ㣬

Ų¶˷ƭ
˷жôãʹƭҲһĻԡ

һΣΨһΡ

ţš 

ͻĵţعԼһ亹

죺ôˣ

ҡųƬ̣򴽣ѹͷ֣̿ʵ֮ǰ֪˷ҵ𣿡

һ㶣ʣ֪㲻˵ô֪

ҲҪΪ£

첻Ǻܶʲôüͷ֪δ

ãȻıŶǴ𰸡

֪Լΰһʳġ

ţ͹һͷ𣿡

죺Ҹ

ţ

һ˲Ĭٿһ͵վɫƽǿ򶨵س󣬴Ҵ뿪ˡ

գ۵Ĺ˱ʧˣеͷԣ룬ǰ˱һһէģ߳侲ţӲһ١

ݱɽ¼ȥ
֪ҪȥҲɽŵݣֻһܣѵ㡣ȫھΣӴҲѣȻ

ιιιӵ˰ͷӰ

Ŷʱֹ

˸ӣ


ʲô

ľĪŵ׻ǻعͷŽ첻ֹҪڵҪһڵӡ

Żףͻأ۴Уǳ

ûУԣٹЩӾСƴ

˳ӵָżԼʧСơӴ
Ŷڵϣֽ⿪пźɫСӴ˳Լġ

ɫ죺ǡӣ

ռˣԶԶԣҾӣ

õ˿϶Ĵ𸴺ʹŰ飬Լ͸׵Ĵھ̣ɱһӰ١

оȫѹԺмУڸˣ֣ôʹĶѣ

Ųʹ

ӣҴҴˣҲӣ

Ž
ˮˮߺˮϣҪǱˮ֮ˮĺӣĬ

˵ʱŶϤ
źӱҪõֵķ

û֣ǰȡ˸֡

ħ

ŵʳָĴָźӣǰơ
ƵʣΪʲô˵

ħǰǲ˵ġ
ֻᷢȣȣǴħħԽࡢԽǿԽ֣˾ǰħ̵ŲŸȡħ֡

ôħίͰͣһֱ˵ģÿԤħԤ棬ÿ춼и㣬ֻ

žǼ¡
Ϊĺ롣

ţȻ֪ΪʲôҲˣ˵Ҳˣһϣܱ졣ĺң㲻Ҫ

ħңȥɱħɱħľƽˡãɣǴħȥɣͬдջԻͣȺӹŽڣ

ţûħܸġ

ħڣ׼һһ
˵ħֿˡŴֻħ̽ʬ崦վѹûӳֻܣʵڶ

ţʱ˵ɡ졣

ħ㣬ĳǿģǰ㲻ᷢӵã˵һħһٸӶܡ

ţ졣

ͱ죬ħѡ졣
ŶĽӴ֮ǰæģһ˵ĹԱ

źĺʧ¶ɫ֣ȷûʲôӦա

ôһͻȻ侲ˣҲ֪ԼҪȥʲôˡ

Ҫȥ⡣
ҪȥһΣһͬĽʦ֡



һۺŲټ˽ʦ֡

ںɽͣʬ
˵ʦűʱħϮ

ڿصëȻ£طʦֵʬŲΪħϮ

ǰʬűȻ˻Ҫ࣬ܽʦֵʬαװǿ˳ħϮ֮ǰѾˡ

һڵõ˿֤󣬸ǿ϶

õӣֵ顭ˡëˣѻë
ʦѣϲرر㡣ѻе㸯ζҲ⡣
ħħϢʬ嵭ܶࡣ



תתһȦŻصͣʬ

ڽʦֵʬԣվ˺ܾãܾá

˿ôվţ΢΢ͷ¡ĹʬŲͣʬѬĳζƵģһԲľͷһشǶ

Ĭ


ֱͣʬĵ˵ҪȥԷˣҪţҪȥĻһյĹĬһת䣬뿪˴˵ء

ڽʦʬվ˵İչ˺ܶࡣ

ãʦִź֮ǰˡ
һҹ

û͵
ֻнʦֵʬ׺۷

ҲɹԼǲţǼ⡢ǿö˷ΪʦֵѼһе¡

ɵ˷˲䣬źһж˴𰸡

ĺ֮ʱ
ŻصշɽŵݣϦĳȺԶϽߣȻӻ߳һĶ˷

ֵĶȻľȶȡ

ħڷ̡
ھʾħĴڡ

ĺ̡̺
Ҫˡ

źʮ֮࣬ȴ˸˺ԶԶ

ƺ߽ľ롣

Żȥˡ

ľͶ˷һһħԺзУźţܰڵǴ򲻹ģǵʵܴܵĹﰡܣɳٻѩܣ

ô׳ңŵĲʼղͣ
Ϊľġ

ħҵˣðɣȻˣӱһһս

žҲǸսġ

һħ޻ͷ·
ħߣԣѪ顣صСʦ壬ôʣħҲɱ˲գۣΪݽ档

ˣħɱ֮

Ҳһֱôġ
ֻҪȷԷħԲ˵ϻһ棬ȭͷк

ɵʱȭͷһ˿Ρ

ѵǰǶ˷ǰ

һա
һϮɽɫĵۣճˣ䲡ӣֱȷ翸Уɽ֮ˡ

˵ˡ˵˷ɱŰħǴŵġ
ȵƤȶȣȴƴħһֻͷβħ






28.     ǧ֮һҲΨһ

ĵȶ, ﷢
Ҳʹʵ

˷֪
Ҳȥ, ʲôֻЦŸ˵ҸիõŴ׸⣬ͼţֽҲСڳԲԣȥȣ

ӡ˵Ŀǣǰˌǵµһʱ⡣

֪ѡ
ʱڣǹ̫ã֪ʱ̫̫¶ˡ

Ҳˡ

еӳ˷ģ, һ, ŵϵƽ
ԵԺдڱһϵıը, ֱֱ, ˶֣ԡ

Ӧ, ϵſˡ
ûֻ΢, кܶ໰˵, ȴ˵ڡ

ȷʵкܶҪ

, ʦǲɱģǲƭһֱƭǲǰѽʦֵʬαװ, ǣΪʲôҪô
˽ʦֵ֮⣬ǲǻһЩʲô

ʲڡ

, ˷һѡ
ǿһ

˵ʲôֱ˵ɡЦЦʲôҶʵشġ

ס

Ҫ
һࣿ

Фˡ

ʵֻҪ֪˶˷ħʲôⶼˡ

Ҫģֻѡѡ

ѡ˲䣬աһµͻأ𣬸
ڤڤУһѼ˨ϡ

֮ģŨҵüɵθУӿ˽վں±ϵ뺣Уˮÿһŵë׹壬ʶһ²ȫִǲ

ԲôõĽʦ֡

Բ
ԲЩǰ֮⣬ΪǰĿǡ

ǡ

ֻ˵һ䡰Բ𡱣䡰Բ𡱡

΢΢̧̧ߣ붫˷ֱֱӡ
Ϧͣããϼ˰죬ۣȴ˫۷̣һЩ֪ʹ۽ǵ˳

˷һ˲㶣ʧ˴ݣЦˡ

֮˵˷Ǹϰɡ

žԼһ̵飬˵ʱĿһƽ
ƽӺѣ˷زģ΢紵ĲҶҲ

ŵĵǾˣˡ
ɱħǣɴʱ˿̣ǲݵĵ˽ߣǵ²ȥ֣ѡ˰ӣ赭д̫ƽ

룬Ҫǲ⿪Ϊ˵Ϊˣ»

ǲ֪
֪Ȼѡô

νˡУкܶˣǧǧˡ

ǣŶԣ˷Ҳ֮ܶС

ǧ֮һ

Ψһ

ǧˣҲΨһ

ħˡ
ӵ壬һ˲˫ֱͷֱӰͺ״̬Ѿí˾ʱ׼ɼܣҪİһƴǸɶĴħͷ

ʲô
ϣ

ǡȥǣǸϰɡ

ħ˰ɣ
㲻ҪɵˣȻ֪һȣħͨͨħǴħͷħͷѵðл𣿣

Ų

ħΪʲô˵ҲºܻǰɣȻ֪͸Ͽȭͷ

ȻĬ

ֻؿŸǰӡ

̹˵˷ķӦЩŵϡ
ΪһӦ£˲ϲӯɫᱧס˵á

ɶ˷ûС

һ˲㵺á

ֱ˿̣΢΢ǣ¶εЦ
֣ʳָָΎëϵˮɫᣬĴꡣ

һ߿һ߶ǰεϵģ
Цãǰ㣬˫סŵĴָĨְۣοûϵģû¡ĻҪǿԼȥ

ҿԵȡ
һֱȵ븴ϵһ졣

˷ʱŲʶԼˡ
һžµģǿֿ޷ôնղסȫˣǱ˼㡣

ɶ˷һ㶼ûڰȰ˵ԺҲˡ
ģܵȣܵȺܾúܾãԸҲҪֻϣҪ̫ѹôġ

̲סƿԴһסһְڶ˷ķһƣԼһͿģ

˷

һʲô
ҲʵΪʲô

˷ûʲôôˣ

ûеõӦ
ӦȫذϷųһ֡

ҧס´Ͽڣ߰Ĩ󣬲ֱֱ

룬ôˣôħ
Ļ£һԾȼΪεôᡭĺ޵ħ

ŵûаѻʳ

ԤУֻҪԼһʣ˷һֱԲسԼȷʵħ

ԣʲڡ
Ų֪ǲֽͱˣ֮Ҫô졣

Ҳ־ڵݱҴһһ᲻޼ɵѡĵۡ

Ĳ֪ô졣

û취¶˷ĻĿ޴룬Ҳ޷ٺӣҿ
ֻҪŵԺḡֳͣʬ¡ĹʬĻ棬еĥеھΡ

ǿֳһЦչ˫ۡ

΢ʲôҲû˵ҲԾ΢ӣ°͸ļֱۻסϬرס

űۣر
֣ͷĿڵλá

˷޷

ֿɵõĵط
·ֻҪ룬ϾͿɱжǴħͷĴڣ֮졣

ǣ

²־²֡


аѵԱߣҲ

˵Ҫȥɱ˷ˣҪǰҪɱǵæȥƴ

žԼܷˡ

ǿܡ
һˡ



մ˯ͬҹĵһҹ
һϵʱ䣬˼ŽӲҹʱ뵽ǰ׹⡣

Խ룬Խͷۡ
ڴϷȥ±˯ڸڵĶ˷ֱֱֻضϿգֹס̾Ϣ

ɱ˶˷һսġ
ȥ淢СʦһڽҲҲûܰѶ˷ء

˷˵ʹڵҲܻ˰š
ʱֻ֮ԣžû˵Ц

Ļһ

ΪڵĶ˷һֻħˡ

ƭˡǿһɱˡںɱƽ޹ˡ

뵽ŲԼһգ˷ɱˣô죿

˴ҹʱ䡣
յĽǣȻ֪ô죬ȴ޷Ӳǽ黳ģҾԲܽܡĽ˵ǡ

źƤǿԼȥ

ԣΪ˲Ľ֣Ҫȥɻ£Ϊһ˽˼޹
ҲԲ˷Ϊħһ¡

źصԶȴҲ䶨ģĵ·ǰᣬ˸ˮ

ħӴһɡǿǴħͷɱֻǶָ£ʵôûзȥɵһ˰ˣ

ţ
ˡ

ԴӶ˷ħĸ֪ڣ˼Ѫһʱ޿̲ڸΣյ뷨֡

ûб˵
ͷ¾ҹһλӦħĻ

ţħħ԰ɣ
ħͻȻʲôƿ

ţܲܰѶ˷ħˣȻѶ˷˻ң

ħ룺ܰһˣȻѹͷ㡣

ţ

Żģ𣿡
Ȼթħȴ޷񶨣ǡǰ

ţܺãΪˣڿʼŬΪӭ˵󣬿Ҫ¹ܡ

ħ
͸оеٵˡ

ħӶѾˣʲôޣ
ţֹ룬ҪˡħĹܣ˵һ˷㻹ħһٸħ𣬵ʱǾĴ󹦳ˣ׵缪ԡ

ħһɡ

ţõģһ㡣ڽаħˡһ뿪ʼħǹȥʽˣڿʼΪֹǰεɱ޹һƴŬɡ

ħҪˡ
̵ģͷԵŮô찡





29.     һϡ

˷Ϻ, Ųˣ, ΪͣͲǰˡ

ԴһΪһֱȲǰؼԴԴϵӿڣΪĴ·ǰֻһܳƺһ
ɵڣȫֱŤһΪһ̲ˮ, ˿

Ųû, Ҳż, ɵȥ֡

ֻ, Ŀǰʵɽ󵽵ܸ˭, ˿ħûʤ㡣

һħйصĻ, ħû, һҹ, ȷʵ˸֣аħˣħͼ쳣ֿʼϲ

ħħǸСѹ
ħħʲôĶС, ѾλˣټȥˣСȭȭ׼ǸħͷҪȥڶûз, Ӱ㣬׼һɱһȭ񣡡

ħһҹɱɱɱϴԺżסģȴҲ̵ʶħ˸˷ǾΪȥʲô¹ˡ
ҪҲܸ˷¹ܡ

˵ʧǲܵģ룬־ͦá

Ƕħе̬ȡ
޽ĺ硣

֮һʺһ˼Ȼͼˡ

Ҳǿħֻô
԰ѰħĸٳƤˣɫСӵӰûţͼ󣬻ǳŵԺҪҪ

ħӿģȻң

ҲãҲա
Ŷں¾£һÿ˵Ķʱը/ԼըˣըС£ҪǳŶ˷ըˡֻδȻ

Żơ
ʱ򣬰ħӦֻǸΪʲôʱ˵ˡ

뵽ʱ򣬰ħˡ

û⡣
ڶ˷ķɽϣվĺ棬׼ȥûϣɽǰȥ׽ÿħ

뵽Ҫɽŵսľ
һлСе˷˷ħݡ

룬˴γɽʱ޿ڶ˷ߣҪ÷ű˷ֶߡ

ˡˣҪѰͷùض

˵

ж˷ķ䣬ŻԼĻǰ֣յ˷󣬷˴γɽÿħΣأҿħһºΣʱ̴һԷ⡣

ŵö˷΢΢е㵡
ʶףռŵ촽

˷֪ȴһȣҲæ˱ܣվڷɽϵĽȵģȴ̲סڶ˷ͷϣתǰ棬

ңר

˷ԣȴҲ
ȥҶֻĿǰбӵʣʱָЪϢʱҲǣ

ţ
û뵽һʾǹؼ

ҧҧŴǡ

϶˵ˣûʲôúߡý黳ˡ

Ȼ˵ĻԲ硭

ţм¡



ʵеԿڣ˵ʱֻڴܣ⡢һ·ϣǡȻǻûиϣԵĻܲһ

ž;˺ѡ
ǳѡ
ٲά衣

ڲ֮ħĵĵ飬ûн˿ħ֮⣬һһսأɽħҲûҳ

ڣͻȻ֪ħˡ
ǽطʦǿлתصİħħħͷ

̫ˡ

ž룬뵥ǱߣŬһѵġ

˵Ҫһһȶ˷ܲܿһһθƽħԡ
ΪǿĵĿӵһżǿ࣬Զħ;һȱᱻɱĿˡ

ŵĻ˷㶣ҲʣһӦ£ǣס֣ǣýģӪҵ״̬

˵ҪϷţԳҲš
էȻսΪµʱ⣬ɾЩ죬ʶջ֣̲ס˵ǰһ͹ˡ

˷֣Ųæоݣϰʡ˷ֶߣϷ

ţе

һ˵ҲˣԹɵö˷ǣţȴûƼ߽Ц⣬紺㣬һᾲãа㱩ŰɱħӰӣȫȫһڰﲻ԰εëͷСӵӡ

ȻƲˣΪԺİħֿʼˡ

ħ㱯մ˶Ѫɱ˶˰һ˵Ҫ˵ˣΪʲôǣǣô

ţֻҪĹϣӰ룬Ͳлȥɱˡ

ħֱӸɵһ𣿡
ţ˵öԡ

ħǣ
ţ

ħ֮Ⱑ㶼ˣǻ˭

Ĭ¡
Ҳֻһ¶ѡ

Ϊⲻ̫ѻش⡣
Ŀ͸Զ

ţҲ֮ġڳΪ֮ǰһͨˡʧȥǣҲûʲôѣֻһ¡߳Ͱ

ǰ㣬֮һʱ䣬ҹΪӰ־壬սսع֮һʱ䣬ûиƴɱħ֮һֵģйӣȫǶ˷ҵġ

УУһȷĴħͷҲ֪ǡͬʱҲҰˣˣû취׸ˡû˺ңһ
ħˣһиˣһֻħɱ¾޷һ˿֮⡣

ħɡɿɿɱ޹˰Ĵڻ谭ǰĵ·

ţԣҺܡ¾Ͷ˰ɣС顣

ħ
һС顣޽˰Ϊñ컹أСˡ

ħɸֻ֣ܼĶ־ûν𣿣ûеж𣿣

ţνжɱ˵

ħҪûˡ

Ųٴ
ѽǰ

źͶ˷һ·ɽǣŵһ˫ֳɹ̼˹¼ҹ˵ĵġ

ǣִӷɽ£Ц̣ǰһȦһҪȥԼȥ׽ÿħӣĿȥˣʱ֪ĸɽ깳ˣҪ

ǵзıø޲ȥɽ깵ǰúÿԼҲжģģ

룬ġ
ֻ÷޷ƲߣѰѾͳһսߣɺС

鵽ʦʱõ˶ԷĻӦ㿴Ҹ𣿾㿴Ҳǣİ

ôһ£ĸ˭ǣˣΪʦ֣Ӧ˵˵ȥնħģȥΣ

ʦ֣ʲô˵ģС㣬ҪȥץǿħȽᣬÿħ©꣬ǲŸӮ氡

ģ⣬˵úе

ǲܵģҲǲܵġ
һίžͺ˻ȥ㡢ô˵

ʦ֣ʦҲ˭С㣬ĵСʦҲǰ
¶һҼСʦþٺٵĽСģ


޷

Ķٸдܡ

ʵս˿ɶʦ㣬ڿս˿ɶʦĿɶʦ֡ɺ޵ǣǶҪߣ
ɶʦ߳һͷɶʦǰε¡ƨε±߳ͷɶʦĿɶʦֱ߳ͷͷһĳޣ̣

ܻؿħ˹Ŀ࿴ѩͷ裬ֻ֪Ĳǿģ

뵽վסˣҲûٿһԹŮ罺ᣬȫ粻֪ǵĶٳѪߣһħȥ

ʦ֣߰˭Ҳɽ

ز˵꣬Ҳܼꡣ
ĵķɽԽԽߣҪ£֮ˣֱһԾһɸߣֱӹ˷ɽͷ

ģȥ

أңקһȥ

ģбקҰ֪ˣ֪

¸򣬵һŲֱ־קסĽףŵ۴С

ְİˣֱҡͷ

õĻûеõѵʶȫվˣΪҪᣬĥһĥ

ʱĵĲֻ֪Ǹոտʼ
λΪħĺʦ㣬һһǸļǿˣҪħԶħ

˶Ϸˣһֱӵһֱܼǿĸʦָ߶ȺҲĬĬͳһöӣȥϡ



ǰȥ·;ңԶ

죬ɳ˶˷˵ġ

Ѿ۵ÿɹˣҧͶ˷£һֱĸʦҲɫȿڽͣ˵ҪϢ

š䡱ľԼһ֡
һסɸ˫ȣһ̧°ͣһò·ֻҪԴøߣǱ˶ҪߵСˡ

ģұŽվܵݡ

ţ
ʹɡҿٶжһӣҪˡ

ŲֱҪ룬õᵽִѹʽ

ЦޱȻ̧֣˷˲ڵĺ󣬵ʦ·ɡҺͰ˷ҪЪһЪˣҲۣһ۵ġ

Żû˷ʾϣ˵ǰҡãܲ㣿

˷˼ĻӦŵ˫΢̣ʶת׿

ײߵģ͸
ﺬǳǳЦ⡣

˷Ϊοң˵ĶĻ 
˵˹󷽣ȫڱ¶飬ȻֿˣȻ㣬һӣҲֻˡԡҲһֱŰܷ٣ĵͬҸϡ

˵꣬˷һָ̾üβޣȻܵȣϣҪҵ̫ˡ





30.     ʲô

ǰĹŮ˵, ᣬί, ޡ

ˣЪϢˡ
ݽˣҲҪȥݣϿѿħץأɽʡñȼһԹŮǰȥ

ٷɽĶŵע

ߴӶ˷𿪣䵽ϡ
ΪѾ͸˵ĵӣֻ򵥵һ仰

ţʦҪ𣿡

ĶʱŲһͣѣɤӺҡҲûУ

ţѵʦǶʼ밢˷ˣ

ȵĿ, żķҲԡʦһб˹ػɣϾʦֳ, ࡣ

ʦ֮ǰĿе, ʦ֡
ʵ˵, žλʦȫý֮Բź͵ĹҼʽؽǰҲô¡

ıȵʹš
ҧг, һֻըëķۺɫСģ޵ػ, ѧ໰ó֪ƨҡɹˣ

, ŹžľͶ, Ա˿ˡ

뵽⣬Ŵǰ˼׼

ţɲֹһôá
˷һһֻͣ԰һ˺á

ţֻŮһϲ뿴ǧϡӣɽɽ
˷ǰ뿴, ֻҲҪ˽ʮݡ

ţŮԪȣ´, ֻΪһɲݣΪ
˷ҪǰҪҲܴһеˡ˵ֻС飬ʵĸ߶ȡ

Ÿ˶˷һ
û뵽ͬʱһ¸߶ȣĲˡ

ħǰε¡
͵͵˼롣

п꣬ŸܽᣬһǷɵġ˵ʲôǡ
˷ҲŲѣһЩɡ

ǰһ˫˵ǰµĹŮԼǰһһͣԼ򲻹ǣˢˢͱǣǵ죬Ŀˡ
һ˳ץħѩܵ⣬ûϵû۸۸ôҡ

뵽ԽԽί̲ס۴

һ߿ߣһˣѣƭˣû˵ϲң

޵˻ֹһ

ˡ˶ԼֻǷ곡ϷʵҲƴᡣ

û뵽޵дСȻ˿һ·ǿջЦԼĿҪǿĸֻıǣʵҸŮˡ

ǣ˼׽ĳĳϣһСɽǿ׳Ĵ󺺣һۺɫĽСһʹ飬ˮ֡

е𺳡

ţ
ô죿ͻȻеĲ

˷

߷ǳǿ޹˾ͺˣȽȥЪϢɡ

֮ǣ˹ؽ˲ԶĿջ

һػ

ӰıӰֻںʱᣬʹʹġ
ܴԼɶʦ˵ĻȫǼٵġƭ˵ģһȴԶ޷ϡȻųȴûǣ׽ûС

һֱϲڷҡ

˰ҡĸʵˡ

ǳڰο˵صĴڵĵļģֱӰ˵£ȱûˡ

ͺܰͻȻְһصĵˡ

ʦãȻɽˣʦ־ȥѵ㻨ĵ磡Ƴغ꣬һֳҰʦֲ֪ϲʲô¡ڿʼҲлˣ۲ŲϡʦǼƻ

˵꣬ƲٿСʦã۱㱼˿ջֻʣµĿ·ҰĬ

ģ

һֱڵһֱ·û˵ĸʦ֣ɱĳĬһۺһҲŽ˿ջ

ģ

ۣ˶۸ң



˴ס˵ꡣ

̼ûȻʱҪĵĳԼС䣬һӰ

ҹ˾ʱڵĸڵĸڷԼԼŲ˼ԼǲǶ̫ˣ

ڴǱģһܵȴӳܵûҪĵ˵ȷʵе̣תһ룬˼ǰڲ֮ҪܵģƺЩʲôˡ

˷Ҳòʲô

ݣǵñĥһĥĥ󡣡ƺ˵ұͦõģټ

˷Ȼ֮⣬ܾƺУǳΪĺõ⣬ֹס˴ͷ˼̧ͷһۡ

ʱ˷Ҳ죬ڻһ٣̧ͬúŵײ˸š
㲻ܣִ٣ֻ΢ᣬճһĨǳЦ⣬ӳ£ǡ

Ŷʱ͸оԼ񱻹ˡ
һʱ֮Щ꾫СǸͬܣǳǱɫǰ̡

ǰ̡
ǵ

˷һգգעӣ򴽣ʶ㣬·ӳӽ硣
ҲȻҡ

Ϊβã˷±ʣƽ棬Ƶأȴֱ׳˵ϰ

·ֻϰѡ
ҵĿɹ飿

ˡ

ᣬ̲סתԴߣĿƮƲǲڶ˷ϡ
ٶ࿴ۣŶҪûˡ

˷Ц
ȴα̾һΪŵӱܶʧ⣺ɲҵ˼⣬顣

ţڵǰһúñֵģ

ɰ첻ǲ¶𣿡˷˵Žպüβܿ׽£˵Ҫϰϰ

ֳ޷ʤ׷ͷϵϰҲɡ磬ٶм˷ɺã

ţ

ԼƺΪˡ
һһµģڿȥˮʼ֪롣

Ҳֹ˵һ˷ǼϰԼҪˡ

Ҳ˷ǳħǳɾˡ
꾫Ǹ

ǲѪ˵ǿ꾫

ﻢ¡
ձý͸糺ɫſ죬ֱϣϰõġ˷ʼ˵ڣڵǰøɾۡ

²־

͵ЩɫȻɣһȥҪ죬һˣҳȥߣ˯ɡ

Ҳ֪Լںʲô
ǰ˽Ϊкüͷˣ˵ĸʲôû£ȴ

Сʤ»顣
˷϶ҲΣϾǰһӣȴȴ

û˼ȥһ̤ڴ̨˷һ仰ˡ

˵Ϊ⣬Ҫʱ̺һ𣿡

ܵĶɲסˡ

ţȷʵ˵ġ

˷ȴҪһ˶˯齣Լȥ𣿡

Ż׷Ҫȥôܱȵϡ
Ʈˣɤӣһֻȥ

˵ȥĽڡ
֪Լһߣûţ᲻ᷢЩʲôҲǶ֮Ժذҹҹľͷҹǡ

תһ룬ֻȥԺӣǲҲ̫Զˡ

ò⣬ڴ̨Ͻѡ

˷ǿ

ٶ˳޺µص٩ֻʰ˱ʣʻȥɡҾʲô

Ǿ䡰ʲôʱȻܲЩʲô
룬վֹǰ죬ʲôûв֡

˶СѰ϶ĻԹ˯ģ԰ɣ

˷Цԡ
ĩųɵĿ£˳زһ䣺׼÷ֽұԹ˯ʲôﶼȥ





31.     Ϊûаһˡ

ҽŲڴ̨ϵŻ, 
ƣâҹ΢ҡᶯ, εʻӰ´£ʵģС

ϸһҲֻһ꣬״죬˹ţƶκ˶в
Ӧɫݣ̹ʣĵĳŵֹ, , Կܡ

ûܹ, ǳѣƭ, ô죿

û뵽Żᵹһ䣬˷΢, ۽޲¡
ع󣬷ʣһ𣿡

ţ, һΡ

˷ЦЦƭ, ͷԶٵòκ, ᣬΪ

Զ˷ԣ֮ݵĶˡ

˴

һ, Ժİħô󺰴УȻ˴ħͷĹӶǳʧ

ţǿ̫ˡȻʧ͸Ͽ뿪Ұɡ

ħϺϣ

ţš

ŵĻӦðħ̲סٵ֮ǰôƭ𣿣治ʲôǰûôɵİ

Դһ٣ŵıȻƽ
Ŷ˷, ΪӽˮǳڣѾûƭҵıҪˡ

˷Ѿˣ֪ħ
Ȼ֪û˵ѵıҪˡ

žãûҪԼħʵס

ң˷ƭˣҲԲֹһ붼ÿʹĶƭˡ
Ŵ̨׵һƳ˵ĵʱŻȻֿǰĥðٰʹĿˡ

ŵħ֪֪˷ѵ֪Լݰ¶ħʧȥȻˣǻлᣬϿͷ¥ȥץĻ

ţ

Ϥ֣ħ̣оԼ챻ˡ

ħ޷˼άӿҪˣ

Ĭһᡣ
վڿջСԺŻ̧ףոһԾĴԽɢغҹ˰ħĻ

Ϊûаһˡ

ħǺһЦظܣӽаħаˡ

ŲգƽԶԣͷõģԺŬħɡ

Ҳٷϻˣϰû˺Ͷ˷ʱʻһ˲һصճ侲ƽģʽɻˡûħеĻָ·ȥ۰۰ǡ

ȻѾˣԺӺȥҲûֱ̫
˵žã˷ʵʱ޿ǰֻҪ룬ûʲôġ

ħջһֻҶɱһͷ£

žԼ
ŬһԼģǰ⸽Ϊħȥ

ŸճջһӰҲŶˣһ·Ϣټȥ

˲Ƕ˷
Ǹʦ֡

˷ɽųϽʹһЭ謷޵дСÿħһǼţǷħᡣ

̹˵߶ȺΪŵʦ൱ɡ

ɽ׽ÿħСӲֻһֻ֧ȷſħķλȻмڵĵѳͣԾ֪ħĵص㡣
Ƽһ㲻ֵ뿪˿ջȻ֪ȥδ߶ȺĻɸǼ˲ֹһ㡣

һ·β
뿪˿ջ֣ɽһʱڼһɽְɽľϣСſڣȥĺõһʱץ˼ֻˮϣسȡ

ۻ˰ո·ʱ·С

߶Ⱥ
ʦõڸ

߶Ⱥһͷˮʱڽ˶ߡ

ʦõĺŸǼһֻħ

·ֻ֪ħںδʦþǲһĹҵĲءׯǰʱһͬ·ˣȴһ˷ħ٣ȴֱҵ

߶Ⱥɫء
ҪҪųһֻʱֻʦúħ

߶Ⱥ
ǣ˵õĹأ

ƾʵ֤᣿ûСħʬ嵹ιۣʶĳǶôĺп顣

ϱǸ߶Ⱥһĵ

ڶɽһѣ˷һѣմֻ

ͼħֻСؾһ

ˣٲ˯ҪˡΪħʦòͬˣҪ˯ġ



ӵһʼű֪߶ȺڸҲϾųϵı磬ܳɽǱػܵһ̶ȵļӡ

Ĳͬʱ˳ǿֻ˸ʦ֣Ҫ·ҪӰ࣬ڵʱҪȥˡ

Ϊ˸ʦֵ彡룬űҹ̯ƣֱ˯˿ջûβҲһ׮¡

ħ㻹ӿԾûˣ

Ʋħʬ壬ͬ͡

յͷͬǰ̳Էһ뿪ŵľҲزȥˣħ˸ճԷ
ֻħʬһڶ죬ͷħʬСǳԵ

һղڻ۷ԣһĻ൱Ϥ

ڣǴʱ԰ħС⣬עֻ̽ԼΪϡ

õĽԼ֮ǰˡ
ǰΪ֪˷ħһ£˩һԶֹڴˡ

Ϊ޽չˡ

õİħ쳣׼֣ãһ䣬Ǹħͷ׼ط񣡡

ûпħĻˣϾʹҶˡ
ϴ˫֣׼ؿջЪϢСҹ

ɲ룬ҹҹͬ
ΣǱŨŨҹɫ֮¡

ŲŸ߽ջδȥżŨҵѪζ̱ǡ
ȥֻһκӰڿջδɫѪԼӳ¡

ŶʱɫһϬ⶯س˿ջ

ջһƬǽ塣
ȴĿĵѪɫײӽ磬ֱ

ŵͫ

Ѫ֮Уֻվһˡ

Ƕ˷
Ÿʦֵĺ죬ԴͬһֱֱȥԶǵĺصڵ棬ûϢʬ

δ֣ջƻΨΧڶ˷ͼɢӨӨ΢⡣
УǺ˲ҾȴͦΣ˷̬һ㡣

˴˾ŵĿһ˲ʧ㱣ֻһ˲ٻ

ǻþ
Ҫʱ䣬Ѱһþ

뿪ڣֻ˷ߴ
ȼ͸ֲ֮ɫƼŵ˲ȥȾѪ˵Ц⣬Ȼ

ˡ

򴽣ԭز֪ʣʲô
˷ЦЦ

ɱˡ

ĬĬʣΪʲô

ûΪʲôشˬ죬ʣǲµħ𣿼ħɱʲôģȫһ֮ˣҪ̫رˣ

˵֮ʱɿ˸߶Ⱥ죬ˤڵ棬һ졣
ʱĶɴ࣬ƽģֻǶһ۵С


ǰͣ

ŵ֣Լ࣬˲䣬Ŀ繣ϸ

żҲɵġ
˵ɱǸޡ

ŵʱסʧѪһط顣

ΪΡɱ

Ϊ㡣ҪѰߡ

ŵ෢˱չ̵ۣʱһ֮˳

ţǲɱ֮󣬰ƭ˵͸ǵ

õ˴𰸡

ǡ˷ȫûƭε˼Ϊŵķֶ¶ϲο̫ˣȻˡ

֪ǰһвϿһλþһûסεʣΪʲô

֪ԼһõʵĴ𰸡

ջж˷أѰħʹӵзŵħҲ˷»þ
ˣһĬһУĬþ

һ˸ʲô

ŵõ˴𰸡

һ֮㻯ΰεضٲȻǽʦֵӣһ죬ȥٶ˷Ľʦ֣һģһ

˷˵۷Ǹޱֲٿʬ壬ðݽӽ㷢ֶߣƭ㣬ɱġʵֹǸޣһ˲飬¶ţ˵˰ߵǣ߷˽˵ħࡣ

˷ðһһħءؽҡ

ֵģȴ뿪һֱϣĻ･Ӵ˲̬ɫ

ŵݴʼյƽЦЦʵңǳɹģ𣿡

һ̣Ųòϣǰӵ˿Ѿˡ
ͷˡ





32.     Ҫɱˡ

˷ɱ, ҲòȫΪ

Ժʦֵǰ, ￴Ŷ˷ס˵

ħˡ

⣬֮ʣ֮ơ
ΪԼЩ£һֵ˼㡢޷ԭµ¡

/ر¶ǰ˵ĻӶ˷µصŲȻʶ, ֮䡢ħ֮ľ롣
ⲻǿŬ̵ľ롣

ֻҪħ, ħ˼ά, һ, վĶ棬Ϊһȫİ, һ㶼ܽܵĴڡ

źռ䣬Ϊ˲ö˷ˡ¶ݶŬԼ, һ˵Ц

, ȻʾδĳһĻþƽǰ, һƲҿŧ˿ڣⷭƤһô̡

ãˡ

񶯵ħ룺ѰѾ㰮Ǹ, ɱ˲գ۵Ŀ´ħͷֻ㣬ֻС㡪սһС
ħӻƴһаģһɱɣ

ųĬá

, þеĶ˷ҲֻĿ·ġһһÿһ̵ģӡĵס

ûлش˷⣬ֻʰħҵûУ

»þ˲Ƕ˷ˣҾڿջ֮С
˷飬ʱˡ˻þĻ֣ܺýҵ֮ﴸˡ

ħλ

ԣɣŵȥͬʱȭɫȭƿգŶؾ֮ƣħеķλȥ

ջשըѣʯɽһźȭͷҳĴ˳

Ӵȵȵȣҡ

ųţһ仰ȥ׼˲֪ĺħ󣬱㶢׼ޱسȭƲɵ
ŷϰ߲ɫʣϢɱҲǵصؿӿȥ

֮ʣþͻȻ⿪ŵȭͷ˸ա

ʱħϢɢ鲼ջѪʬʧޱʵĳ·һ
һۣǳ˿ջ֮⣬վƬ֮ǰջżʬһ˲䡣

ûдʼվûʬ塣
һ˲䣬ž˻þ

֪öԷˣûçײض˳ħϢûķ׷ȥǱƳһۣ䵽Լȭ˫΢С

һӳȭ
ڶȭաɵһȭȷȷʵʵ˵˵ϣ˵ĿǰΪеͣͣͲǰȭͷǺԤеЩ

̲ס²ۣ˵ͨħ㲻֮ǰ˵ʲôһٸħ̫Ҫˡ

ħпԡ
ܻǵرܿս⣬ŵʧǺ㡢㻹Ļþ

޷

ȷʵмˣڷֿջ״˲˶ԷþΧѲǰǸлþߵԼˡ


˷ħ

뵽˷ͳˡ



ſӿջſڳ˳

˶˵û¡ˡ

ŵȷȻ˷һ
ͻþǸȻ̬ͬɫֺ֪ħüҲͣŲħϢ׷͵Ϯŵħȥ

˷ǿħϷˡ

һ㶣ֻ⡣

ôǿħ
ôᵹΪʲôҪûþԸĿʲô

һӿԺ
ϸ˼⿪ɻ˼Ǳħϡ

ֿʼɤӡƴȰۣͬӦϽɱ˷Ч磬س

űӶըˡ

ţ졣
ħ֪;ӶһղѣӾһղ죡

ţݡ

ɫѺۣʧƽķߵӣ˷æʣô𣿡

ħӣ

ţʲô¶ûС

ħ
ǲ߷ʧܵһ졣

֮䣬ջ⶯ĵġء߶Ⱥȫӷ˳ѯ״

ǳ֣űͶ˷˵Ļŵպ˵Ƚ˿ħһ̯֮ٺͶ˷ú̸̸

̸һ̸ħ֮¡

ʹʱ䵽˱ĵزҲã˵ˡ

ŲԶͨʵ£װûκ鷢һ˵ֶΣ̫ƽ
Զ̫ƽ

һ죬Ҫԡ
ϣ׵һ죬ڶ˷ɱ䣬¾޹ߵһ졣

뵽źЩء
˷ҵעڵ£ÿħһ¡

Щʵغ˽˽Լ˵ϣͣɫδȴҲϷȥ



ݶ˷󡢸ʦֵһ˵˽ݡ
뽭ݵؽ磬ڱ߽ߵСǣ״

С⣬ֻһƬƽ˾ల£̤Уŷȫȫһ⾰

˵Ǳħʴ

ȫ˵ʧˡ
ããȻȻڳεǱѵȻʧеľ˵¡λãԼܸоһ˿ħϢÿ˶ħ

վڳŵλãǰֵ󣬽˲á

ʦųһֻŵĴ
ķ룬գʲôһأɫħϢ⵽ɴ

Ҳȥˡ

塣

žȫ͸һεζ
ӿħȡǰΪʼ

ħӳأɽأ֮ûлػĽңȥҲû׽Ϣͷɱ˸ǹ붫˷йصĻþ

ʱ˿ֿ̣⽫Сǣƻиıںš

оԼϵһӣһһԱ͸͸ģ/ٿǰ

־ڲʲô֣
ʲô

Ūǰ֮ǰ֮Ǵȥ
ˣǰиı

ţзӳǣ

˷С

˿˷

ǿɿħǣȫħáֻС΢˶٣Ŀӹŵںߵע֮£Ƶ³֣ɱˡ

ͫһ
ֻǰĶ˷ƺͻþеصˡ

ʶغԣ

˵߼ʱʶԼķӦЩΪˡ

˷ĻΧ

ȻСȻͬɫһƽݣ͸Ȼеİħ˿̌ȫȫˣܽǵħԴΪʹɱ֡

˷һһѰħ˳

ħƭӣװħĶҲǸˣǰ򣡡

ͻ仰ƺﲻԡ

ϸϸ׽ĵĻ˽˵ħҲڴ˵أ

˷͸߶Ⱥͬʱͷ

˿϶Ĵ𰸣ĵϵһϲ⻹ǰѿħˣӦþܽˡãʦŵҲԲɡ



žõ̫̫ˡ
еһȻԤıѾã˹ģĿúһʱղܳɣڼ仹÷űʿ

Բֹħһ
ڡ

벻ô࣬ԼĻǳеƾʵԼ˵ˡ
ԼҪħĹ϶ȥѰٿħټ

ؼˣס˵ĵĺ죬ק˻Ϲܰһߣ͵Ϯô죿

ѹ˼ա鳡ʧְĵ޵ţԴһм͵ϮҾʹȥǿħ͵Ϯңð仨ˮ

𾪣ʦö򲻹Ȼ׽ħ
ģǡǴֻ⣡

أܵ⣿ǻʦûֻǸ˰
ģƵĶʱȥһء

һյ裬裬ίǱ޴󺺾ס˺죬˰գһֻץס˹֫ŵصСڹ꣬һûסͿˡ
һĵᡢ밢һ˵ֿ޷

ˣط꣺ˣһġ

һһ߻磺ǿģŲҪ˰

أҪǿ㱻ʦƭ˸ķϣŰ㡣
ģҲûбƭ飡Һమ֮ϣ֮ǰȫǿɶʦں



غ͵ĵĳ֣ɢЩķΧ

ŵľҲƽЩ

˵öԡ
󡢳ǣȥҿħΨһѡ

ŲףؿŶ˷˵Ҫɱˡ

䴽ЦЦûӦֻ˵߰ɡ

·ĸ߶ȺҲˡ

һռʴ˳׼

Σһһɺġס֡





33.     ˵ɱǾͲɱ

鲼еĿԷЧ, ʿһҲЧ
˲òȫԵ޿ײϮ

ԥ, ٳδ
·ǳͽ˴ľ򣬹ضرʹԴʡһһ㡣

ɲڿ˿˿ħϢǾ壬ʡ˰㡣
ŸոյЩ΢ֻǰ·Ķ˷, ͬʱ֡

˷ָҡ

֪ĵǰεԼ, , еĶ, ȴ־᣺Ϯػ

˷οҪ⵽һᵲµ, õġ

˷ݣɫƫ, һ˲ħ, ֻǰӭŻѪĲ, ɵǣһ᲻и

˷ʮҲ

ƽĿ˵Ļ
Ӳʳԡ

ŵ˵ͷ˳ӵáǰˡ
ħǸ

ɾָ϶˷˲䣬ŵԺһ˲¡Ĺʬʦ״, ֻǽڷҰ׾˲ȾɺѪ뵽ǲõֻɱˣɱĽʦ֣

뵽, Ųɪһ£˲ëȻһǿҵĸб

˷ͷһ䣺ôˣ

ûжԣǿѹֳһĨЦûʲô

ħֻ֪ǣˣ㲻ˡ

ħб¾Ͱָǣţ

ħĻŵ˼ֻιһԷ硣

ǲܸġ
һ·ŶԼ֣Լһע⣬аħ޵־ͶԼѱˣſѶ˷Ե˵˷ǿӲǻ˰ħİ㡣

ħҪҲܻ㣬㲻ܿĸţ

ţҾԽԽˡ

Ϊ޵Уǿñ̬һʵսŶ˲صʵƫϡ

ħ֪ǰúͻþĿħս˵£ɡɿǡ

пԡ
Ҫܿͻ֤Լʵˣ

ĹĵĲֹħһɶʦԹŮôǣС֣ʱ򻹾ҵҵҲҪ

ҧгݵٶȣߵǵǰ棬۲Ϊ
ɲųײһĶ

ģ
ޱʦĶԸ

ĶݺݵصһۣƽϣƹСɽһ壬ǰ塣

ǰŻû£һձ

ĸƿڴȴرضΣգС𵽴˳ɲɣ

ڰջӶֽŽţץס˹ǵķۺСڹ꣬㶮ʲôս˷ٳ˵ܰˣ

ڽˣսѾûˡ󰲷ִšޱɿ˶ԷۺСڹǯƣڵϣӸµظɷвܵǰҴƨɣ

㡢

һЦǳţ·˵ٳǰȥҸҲҴƨɣ

زҶ
֪ɶʦֲֽϻԳУ˿϶ƨɡԲܴ裡

ɶ

ĸʦֽǰ淢ȫ۵ס

˵Ѿֵǰǣ֣з·Խε̬ŮСֿϳҪзڻһŮĻϲԩҡ

߶ȺƽҲ侲
ʲôû˵룬һܻŻʦţպҪ鿣ýСΪһӣҲУ֮һҪ˫



ԽǿģаܿӰԽء

ѾüΪ顢Ϊħķˣֻ޷ĿնͶӻϵ

ǲòӽ˲

գ˳ټڽӽλõ׿ǰͣ¡

ɫɡ
֮ϵһŹӤı飬ӳеһһ

׿Ϲһ˫ɫа·
שīڣյ˫ȴҲͬɫźһƬţֻվԼķǰű̧ײģᡣ

ɨ󣬶˷˵ħ档

˽Ծ׿塣
һ·ûκϮκ·ԷͲǸϿҵһ͵ĴϷ

֪ˣ׿Ҳôһˡ

ʱ˷ȴṩ˵ڶѡ
ڶѡֻŸš

Ƥصؿһǰͼ׼ʲô˷΢΢ӣŶϣ˼˽ѹߣ

˷ҿֱӶ׿˳ĻֱӳħʹҲǹˡ

סγģһʱû˷Ӧ˻Ӧ

ħץ˱˵ʹŶ˳壺ûûԱ¶ˣ

ãŲЩѵ˵׿лˡ

ǰлˡ

˷ظһ飬Ȼ͸Ʋ֪в֮

ǰŵĿ̫Ĵ߹ȱЦȣڳ֣ȷһǵˡһǽȥˣ˵ˡ

˼һ׿ˣһǵ

ĵ˲ǣŵĽˡ˱ʣǵ˻˷۽Ǵ£ɫ͸Щ΢֮⣬ȴΪ˿ʧȥǣ浽һ̣ҪܡҲΪ²ġ

¡

˷˵¡

Żˡ

һֺء΢־顣

ǰݽ棬һǵ˵޹ʹޱĸܣ᲻ѹ᲻᲻ģ뾡˷ӵغ㣬չ顣

·ȫ˵㲻ʲô
ֻȫ

Ÿе㤡
Ҳȥ

ǰߣͷһƳɶʦǰεߴߴң̲סǣ˵ʲôĻأȥˣ

Ǹýȥˡ

Ųѡ˷ṩĵڶѡ

ⲻĵ
ǡ

Σܾô׿ﻹŵˡ

ĵһȶٵѡ⡣˵ļֵҲֺܿ
Ҫȶˣڵ֪˷ħһգɱ

Ѿ㲵˶˷ףעάߵƽ侲˵ûΣ˲㣬Ҫɱˡ

˷΢۾ɵɴЩ

֪жЩ޸֮ķˣмÿһˡ
ȴ˵Σ˺ͬ֡ɱˡ

ǲ˵ǰģ
κ˶Ȳϣ

뵽⣬˷Цˡ

ãɱˡӦøɴ࣬ǵЦǳ磬˵ɱǾͲɱ

һ̣˷΢ЦȻ˻þеĶȴŤġƵǲ̬Цݡ

ҲþĶ˷ˡ
˷Σδþ

벻ǣҪˡ
ȿħһ˽ᣬҪ˵ȥ˷Ϊλôǰ󣬾ʲô



ڵһ׿֮ǰקסĺ죬˻ץСһ

ıǰһ֮һһ֡

Ǵǹལ޲ðѶԷصȣοڡѹСӡ˵ͬʱɫҲ

ͣ˵أ
оͦģ

ǾԼҵıʦ֣ĶȵĵҪá

߰ؿСʱ׿űһ߿

׿Ǻι⾰һҫ۰׹ըȫ븮С

Ȼ
塣

Ǵһ





34.  ʮ   ӡҰ㡣

ǰӽһ˲任, һգ۵Ĺ׿ǰСˮﻨͥԺ

ⲻɨϡ, ĴŴҲűˡ
۲ˣ׽С㴩ᱡȹƵΡ

Ӱ֮£ֹһˣվ˸ʦ֣ҲǷһİࡣ

Ŀɨ⡣
˷ġأԲˡ

ĪĹֵһĻø߶Ⱥоɲ, ȴܿƵԼ, ˵Ļ˵Ļ, Ī, ԸҲ

ɩӣԼڴ˴ν£

ŷӦ, žͶˡֱӾס˸߶Ⱥӣȥ

Ŷʱˡ
µĻں档

, ߿ֽεε˵, ҡϲ㡣ôܺף

߶ȺӦĸ֮ý֮, ǼӣȢ㡣ܰ㣬ǳס㡣

ţϲ㰡׿ףôҸ

߶Ⱥ

һȥ, ŵˡ

˿
ԻΪ˵׿зһ֡֡һĻĻ

һ̵󷨡
轫˵, Ȧ׺긽ڻϣ¾㱸࿪Ϸ

ʿ˵ɷ˵һ룬ûл·ԡ
׿вϢǿħµʣвǡ

֪ǿŷˡ

Ϸһݣͣ£ݱϣ֣ݵվַݡϵɵ˴˵أҲӴ֮ޡ
ħл͵Ϯǣ󲻹ʿҲԼǡ

˼ˣŶԿħĿĸһͷˮ֪һµصΪʲô

˼֮ʱеݿϷ
ܵܺδɩһֱˡ

ʱð֡

ˡ

ҪһĻ˷ˣžŹ˷һ飬ܶסʦˡ

߶Ⱥʦãðˡ
ţʦ֣¡һŬġ

߶Ⱥ

Ϊʦֱƴȫغʹ󿹺⡣

߶Ⱥ֪ھ
ʦΪ˰Ļ̵ľˣɫͨ죬ͷֱð˵ĸӡ

߶ȺԲʦãίˡ
ţ

߶ȺʦԺһΪһˣպڻ֮£ھ衣
ţ

ûܸܹȫתֹ˵ܵܺδɩӵٯٯ

ڶĻʱʧٵҲˡ
ĺذݵ˵ĳ׿үͷˡһŶԷһ߱ȶ

ڶ˷ŲµһǲҴñĿ硣

ʱĸв֪ԼǵŮԼĵܵܣ⣬ס

Ůͬˡ
Ϊ˶һܵܣӦ˼޸硣

ŵͷ˵Ը޵һ˲˷üϲأ֪ǼٵģȥҲܿĵӣϷӷ·Ǹ籾ˡ

ǣ˼ĻϷŴϷеݡ
ݵĴϷǷڿħ׿ϵĹ¡

ɶ˷ݵ׿ĽһټŮӣţټŮӰȴ׿ĵܵܣҲǸʦ֡
͸׺󣬹ټŮŵܵܣҶסڴլû࣬飬֪У׿ͷͳһƬԭ

룬ħ˷Ѿ˼ģܲǿһϷġ

˷һѪ絽͸ʦ֣ԼӺ͵ܵܣͨʱȻҵ˴𰸡

ħĿǶ˷
˵˾ͱˣ˾ˣ˾ˣ޹ؽҪ˷ǣħô⵽˼㣬ǼٵģϷҲν

ӱԼ͵ܵ˻һ
׿һ

ԼֽϵʺѪϸܵ˿˿ħϢĿ¶㤣ܾһڶ˷ϸֳħƣҲ⡣

ܵһ

ҪǶ˷ݱ¶ֻ³

Ϊû˱죬ڳˣȫ
˽ӵ˷ħ¶Ϊͷŵˣݡ

һŶԸ
̵ԴС

Ҫ

ŵľ֡Сݶ޵Ķ˷˱Ŀܣֹ

Ĵֱϣ¡
еĻȫԭ̨ʡ

˷ġҲɱˣҲᱩ¶

Ӧ
ÿÿڣĻȫЩûӪα̨ʣֻС׿桱ŵϷ˭֪ڷܡ׿桱һ㶼Էû˷һ˵Լ

һһ类ε˿ǣߣ꣬ϢĲҲȫ붫˷С

֪ڵԼΪԼգзů⣬ЦݸᣬħǷ䵭顢Űɱڸȥ

ƲġһģҪżе鶼Ҫķչء

ֻҪҪģ߾ȫȥ

˵ݳңŬŬȡ¶ݣħԣȥɱˣһˣ֮ǰ֮š
ϾΪʮء߰˰˵ʱҪװˣƭƭˣӦҲ̫ѡ

˷ҲȫС

һ̨Ļѿں⵽˴ɣѪӿѪžǰҪһѪ³Ҫģָðգ죬Ͽڣȥ

Ųº΢΢һЦ˾籾ȴһ˫أӣҪţûµġ

ῴ̣
ҧгݣĿⷢݣǺ޲̰ѿħСﾾڵúˡɴֱӳˡ

ƳǱľƵذĺӰֵض뾯ͼϷ籾Ա˷漴סһ˴ԭش룬һŲλá

Ӱʱɢڳĵɢűߡ

ŷֶߣ˷ЦŸпϷʲôȫˣǿϧԹ˶ҹ

ٴε̨һ߼˺ڵʺѪӶ˷¡

Ŀ⺬ʹ˵ˡ

һ˵˲Ѫ˷ǣȥͥ԰Ŀȴһ̶û뿪һкöûи˵أôұˣ

žã˷ڰ׿棬һһһһ飬͸¶˶ӵİ
ȴڱɫݡ

͸Ϸ˵ƤңʵڶԻ

ӡ


Ұ㡣

㶡
ɰףȥ

ˮײ˸ţһ˳˾籾ػӦҲǡ

Ϸ̨Ǽٵġ
Ļġ

Ҳ㡣

˷Цˡ
ݸЦӣ·Ҹˡ

׿Ĺ£ǻð¡
жޱж

飬û취ȥˣû취ٰѿٵ黰ˡ

һδεطԼӺ͵ܵ˻죬ȫ¶֪£ȴӶͷ˵ɹǿװ֪

žһߺͰݵܵܵĸʦңһʹҪؿ˷һѪһѪ¡
ΪӡϵħԣΪסɱ˶ƴŬ

ôʹ࣬Ų֪⡣

ʦŵ׽ȫȥɡ

Ҫ׽ÿħˡ
Ҫɱ

еӵ棬ˣǾҪӦеĴۡ

ɡ





35.  һ   ٣ɱ١

еһϷ, ׿أɽĽأص˽֮顣

ħŵЩʱ, ˶ѾˣӸգԸԳغ͵ܵܽ˻飬˺ӡ

һͬڵĻ棬ÿЦ׿һ˲ͱˡ
ħץס˻ᣬ룬׳ħ׿־̲ʳѿȫ, , 塣

˲һ׿档

ᵽӸļ޵ܵ, ǻ˰Ľᾧľ, ˷Ҳˡ
᳹˶ŵŵԣûгħ, 纣δ˷ӿħԣ˲ˡ

ӢˬĶ˷ĥ˿ģ, ʱ, Ҳһ˲ȫˡ

ħûа˷, ʼգԵġ˶Ƕ˷

ħ»þΪ嶫˷ĿĿɳ𣬻ͬһɱ

鲼ȫǵĿΪ, Ѷ˷ħ
׿ĿΪһӣ׿һÿħлɳ, һʹ޷ƣҲǴ¡

Ȼʱ̣ǵصħϣһ

ɱ˶˷

űԿʼǻᡪڱ֮ǰ㿪ʼıˡ

ʶʵ˲䣬ŷͻȻڶ˷ߣɫƽؿ׿Χˮйͨһħ

׼ȡ˷ô죿

𰸲ѡ

ҪɱΪС

ʿŻ֣תأ뷽跨һ񶷡
ɼȻħǾûôˡ

˭ɱ
٣ɱ١

ɱһֻҶ˷ħΪֹ

ħ̾㤣һ㰡ΪޣħûгǧҲϰˡӰﲻİ

֪ħʵ˵Ҫ
ǰħǶʱ򣬴û

Լһ˫ȭͷ˼ħС޹ɾ֮⡣

ţҲҪ´ʱһǸˣҲһɱ˾ͶҪ¡ܴҵȥá

ƽ͵԰ħ˵꣬ŵ˻δȺ֮Ŵ˶˷ĵڶָס

˷
֮ǰȻ˵ԸµָףҲðաֻҪˣôˣͻ᲻ذ

ţɽħ¿ˮǵľʿû̫ǿĶ־

ʦšתӣǿһԣΪ˴·

߶Ⱥߡ

һֱںԼħ϶ĿħĶ˷Ҳţʾߡ

ɡסлһ˲֮䡣
һգ۵Ĺͨ·ٶȱպϡ

Ц׶񼫵ħ֪ǽǾϷŹκһˡ

ʿʶӲˡ

ŵʼսƽǳıѾãĻǣҪɱˡǱ룬׷ƨɺƴһƴ

һߴһ͵Ϯһ侲ضԵ˵ʦʦòҪ£ǵľֵͺˡǵʬǣ̤壬һøǿһǧѷꡢƽĻᡣ

𾪼±ơ
Ȼ

أ찡ʦòħѵͷҲ˵¸ƴúŬˣˣҲˣҪʦѧϰ

ˡ

ģɶʦȻᣬ˵öԡôħǺˣⱲ˵еڶˡôܴ᣿˵ˣǿ˱̬ǲܴùң

ǵİνˡ

ʦ侲ûбŵɿ˼һ£ü˵ǿӲܣ˴˴㡣

ţղպҲӲħ˼䣬ƺƵءܶȹ˴˽٣øǿܻһ졣

꣬߶ȺඥҲҪһƱ

˷׷׼Уһֱڡס֮Ծֱӱʺġס֣

׿֮սɴĻ



ħòɿ
ħռţ²Ÿտսδ֡˵ʿȷʵǿԶ˷ΪģٲȻзɵոˡ

ܵšǿģǿñ̬СڹҼңȷһеٮٮߣ¸ɱķٲȻһת

عƫʹһ͵ϣһһ˺ƽǺ޲ŪԷĻϲԩңµϵģмµļӸˡ

ܵųأħͼţʵȻס

˷˵
ֳħ⣬ͼһչɱȷѪ꣬ҽв

ţֵϵġڳĲٶЩϻơǷˮˮ
ʱϤĽ

ԽսԽ

µ˿ħҪɱ˷ȴɱ

ֲΪħˡ
˵ħħһ˵Ǹһҵġ

ֻܺ
ʹħĴڣֻħ

žǲ֪˭ˡ

Ūǵ£Ǳʸˡ
Ҳʣһ٣ǼҪɱ˷ǺһĵˣҪ֪࣬顣

ûҪѿˮ˵ôƨ
ɱˡ



ʿܣħķס
óˣģɱŪЩ⼿

˻ᣬҲ֪ԼΪʲôҪʿԾħȻšתս

Ҫ䲻Ҫ
ǿʼҲҪ

Ŭ۲ˣ۲Ƭ̣Ĭ

ģ
Ҫģ
ܸܲһʵչħյĻ᣿

Ϊ˹᳹ϴͳħܻһĵȻûǾʹһ
ƿƿƣ

һ·ʿ·ǰҪǸѪɱɱħҪ׵ˡ

ʿŹûͬһ˵

ħĽǶеǳ棺ˡ

ʿӭķʽҲǶʦõǰε£ŵǰε¡룬ˡ

ħգһƣǿ֪ħ

ʿʩħħһƫѧ˼Ҫ˵Ϲˡ

ħħ

ʿ¾ɱΪ˹᳹壬Ǳֹǡ

ħ
ˣ˵ˣˣкۣۣ潻ʹǿ֡

ôȥվǸ£ʹĿħܾòôȥˡ
һʱ϶ǹǿñ̬ˣϾ˶квá¶СҪǱ·ʿ˶ߣǵԮҪɱޣûϷ

ֻڵӪп϶취

Ǳڶ˷Ѫ߷ħһṥߵĿħų֪̽硣

̽鵽Ǹ˵õŮڷĵǺڣħʱһˣˣ

ǲɱˣԲܶҡģ򿪾棬ƽǡ

˼ˣһֱƴų̵ľ˶˷ĿħǲȻһˣš

û˲ħĶ
˶˷

֪һֱһԼħȻ뿪޷ţ˷оһ˲һĻĻʱ˫ͫ񶯵ϢĿ־û
Ĳֹ

סħԵƣһѺ۵ĵ̰ӱˮ٣ʧصطӵڣƲɵ·ҪһС

ɲǼ䣬Ϊ֮Ʊɫ߷

ħڳʿլۡǵħˣԸоһصľʯѹϣƵǴϢܣ˫ϥһֱӹ£ڵأĤݡ

˵ǵһĹ⾰ҲΪ






36.  Ķ   ɱˡ

, ħ
Ǹȥ޺չֳһ棬ѹ˵ǿȶ, Ųܿصĵڿзײ·ԼϢ֮ɱȫǵдڣȺħףӣڵ棬±ʧص꼰

ֹħͳĴҲˡ
ҪһĻ֪ǵԴ϶ҪԴֹ, 廹Ҫȳࡣ

, ɽһסǵͷ­ѹסǵı, Ϊ, С

֮, дЩ

ʵġӦħ
ħЩħΪҪɱ

صߡ
ëȻΣ, ħʧɫ, ʱ, Ҳ֪Լһޱȴľ޴Լһ⡣

ۣħн
ߣ

λ˶ǧ, ˵֮ǰԾԾԲܶŮޡ
ôͲأһȵȵ⣡

ħ봸Լ

ҲФԸˣǵصı
;Լ塭, ȫѾɽˣͲˡ

ħ
ġ޷ԾȣҲһ

޼û㡣
Ψһ㣬顣ˣ˼ʮݣ磬ֻࡢ顢ħܸػܴɱĻᡣֻҪЩɱ޵ĴڻţԲȥϴأɽ

뵽ħˣİõƽѾȡ

ȵĲѾ
š

׿ȫǣΨһһվñͦˡ
Ǵߵ״̬ʹħ־Ψһһ˿Ϊ

˷

ħӴ¶Ѿħˣ˷ħĻˣһʲôð

ȻûгսѵǰȥͨͨŮ޶ҪɱжҪĿħעҪġ

ͽ޹ĺѹƽһС

Ƥϸֵħʱ䣬ݡڳŰħϢ֮Ӱ٣һƬƽ˾һͣȻգ֮ǰĵ⾰˵Ĵһ

ֻһ֡

ָǵĶ˷ããȻŵķ߳˲֮࣬ҲȳѪ



ħʶǡǻᣡ
Ƿĺûᣡ

ֹħʶˣһֱϴԵħҲʿѹסͷ־壬

˷ں޷״̬ħϳȥ
ҴĴͷħǣħצƷǡ

ʯ֮䣬սѷĵġء߶Ⱥ˱ܣŷ͵Ϯħ˵˷ס˱ģȴҲħռһ룬⣬״̬

£ʤƽħһ

Ĳ񣬿ħҪЦ

ϰ
ֻ˵վһߵġ

ֻҪɱޣһбܽˡ
ǣʱչֳļˣ

ħЦŵĺõǵʹ

ɵŵţȴʼյȲݱ

ħΪбòٶȷų֪̽硣

һӰ
Ů޵ıӰ

ȥ͸ɱķһСҲȷʵСʿľ֣ǹ֪΢һʿ֮мΪңԶһξ롣

ħĪԼһɽ
޷Խĸɽ

Ⱥħ֮䣬Ϊе޷˵ǿݡ

Ϊеˮƽȴˡ
ÿһÿһǽԲسҼ˿ٵصļƣȻһ˫ȭǿµеͼĵ˵ǰ޷Խ޿°벽

ǧħҪɱޡ
ɱǧħ

ɱˡ
·һˣһʿǺһһֻᡢɱԵħ

ħȫ壬һ³һڻѪˮֱĨĨǣƽ䵭˵˭

ħԲô̼Żһ䣬žͷ˽

Ѳħʾ⣺

һϡ
ϲӺ󣺡

ħǰͺ̡
ű٣

һֱں
ҪɱһҶ˷ħΪֹ

ɱкݣԼ˸ݣò׺˵Ҫ˵ӣԡѪѪƵģħС

ħټ˰İ

ŵԼ
սһµķħ˲ϳԵǶûû֪ԼļģҲ̶ֳȣڰϾ·

˵ҲҪ̤壬Ϊ

˷ӽ类ˮģֻԼԼƼһֱվĸǰˣȴվñֱֱģ·ҪѹҲ֡

ľʹɽһ

ĺǽսߵԴ˽ŵ׺Żס

һסӱ͵Ϯһ߶˵Ҫ£ҴӲʳԡ
ҼȴӦƴһŬȥԼ˷ֻܷİѿħŪͺãһнҡ

䣬תߣƽı飬µطųݻ

˭ɱҼǡ

žǻҪսħȦˣħһʱ֮л㱣һ㡣

Ȼħ

һҪɱޡߵŮޣǵǧܶ

ħʱ󣺡Ϊʲô

ħ𣺡ǾҪһѳˡ

Ů޿ʲô˲

ħħеŮһӡֻǸأɽһ¶ûƿ󷨣طӵķˡ
еƲŮޡ

Ůޣħɵһеκģץ˿ħص㣬̲ס޺޵˵ǳıŮһսħȥͦһˣɴǸǴܣ˾ǸͷβŮӡ

˵⻰ʱħϡǵħ죬òŤһţͬ˻ʹһ

룬˵ħǰŮڡ

ص£ħԼһ֡

ŮޣҪ裬ȫԱҪ
򲻹Ůޣ㲻ֻƾһҲû취ޣʧܣȥħҲҪ

ԡٴȥˡ
ȥֻ֡

Ůͣ֡

ħħ֮һϵֶΡ
֪˿ħ뷨һСŮ޼ĦȭƵħǿԼ侲Ϥһס

צļ˵˵ĵĲϡ

׼Ҿɱ

вţǵըҪģвб¾ɱҡҳΪɶʦİѱĺڵ㣡ʿɱ裬ɱҰɣ

ֱֱ꣬Ҫһצײȥ

صһ
ըͷէ

һ˲ǿı˿ĵˣۼֿץס˵ĵ죬ק˻磺̵ҵӵ

һˮĵĻ磬Ҫˮϴ֮𣺡ǲȻҪô죿Щ޳ܵļһвʦ㣬ѵҪԴ𣿣

أԴеķʽɱ𣿣

ģ˵ǲɵǼȻҪвʦ㣬ǾͿ϶ɱǣûոհצջȥ𣿣

أǱŵģûɱ㣡

֪ضûķۺĿ϶ҪԼ˸ʹ󣬱ס죬ħ˵ػĿ£Ը߶Ⱥ˵Ϊʦ֣Ǹˡ

߶ȺЦ
£Ҫ

ҲȷʵǸġ

ﲻʦþˣûҪΪ׸

룬Ҫųǵı飬Ҳ֪ôдˡ
ʵĻ





37.     ܸ

ɱˡ
ĶҲˡ

Ϊ˲Ϊ׸, вƴڴõʽȫ˳, Ҳսʤģɵ磬յֶȫ˳ܿһ㣬š

ǲڶ˷Ϸģôһ̯£ΪղűħҪħΪʲôôħҪɱɼȻʦҪȵ, ǶҪһ֡

ſȫ³շ֮, ޲ɱħ, ׼

Ȼ, һϣǴš

вɷֻƴ, ħеòʧҲ۵ʶ, Ҫڽɱ, ʵڲ̫ʵ
ǰޱߡʧʹرɫ, ޽磬֧Ԯֻʱ⡣

ɱɱˡ
ǻк֡

ʵ, ħϣ˰š

˲ˣ򲻹ˣ

һ, Ϲȴ֣ħᣬȫ˵ĳ˶ϲֻЩ۸˷Ĺһȥ޻ء

˸ա

סħ㻯һẓ́ħߣ·ž͸ƵģһһҪ죬룬Ҫûˡ

ĴǺŵԡ

֮ʱŷԼֶˡ

ˡ
ˡԼġ

뷨Եضˡ

ŵͫ͵

һֱĵģÿÿ𶼾޻̸֮飬ˡ

ʶ֡׼ȷ˵ϢĵİħŶ˷¶צ

ƴħʱһ죬ԿϷװʬ壬һΪ˻˵кͿħˡһнΪڴ˿̣˷űĵòʱ̣һ

ħȷʵ֮
ɢ貹ԶԶħ֮ɫ䣬·ֻҪյˣǾͻ⣬

ħչˡ򡱡
ֻ˶˷һˡ
Ŀֻ

˷ĽŵͻȻֳһѪڣҪһ̵ȴߵͼɻʼð̣ƤĿֲ죬άһƽ䵭̲סﱬ֡

̵ģ쵰

ŲؿŰħѶ˷ˡ

߬ȭƴȫظһȭ
ħֻϣԻٵķʽЩЧá

еġ

ɽţðǵİħӣ

ԼгЧһ߼ʹְԼְڵϣڴһִһĮػӦľ㡣

û뵽ô棬챻ɵ˵İħͼ˵ס֡

ħûҪɱˣֻӡѣ
ţ

ħ㲻һֱֹ˶޹С֣ǧѷĴûᰡӡܱһܴԸ
ţû

һ仰˵һ仰һ۶ȥˣħ֪ˣҲ¶Ŷԣûء

죬˭Ҫ˷Ҫȥ
˵ɱӡˣǶһͷŶҪԷƴ


ŲЭħҲϡ

бڸõĻˡ
ֻҪܳɹӡǸħͷһбƫصԭ㡣

˼ˣħֻ˵˶ϵԼϣӲŵķԶ˷ȡһٽӡ󻼡

ŴħݣԼݣһͨȥѪע׿һƬ±ƣҲǼȥˣרעϷ

ʵʱ򣬻úȲʡ

ȭ
ʣҪͣ
ҺݺħڼǸݽɫԱ˺ݶԼݣ˵ѣ֪ԼԭǾ֮ܰ

źţǷֲԾ
Ѫ֮УһźɫС֡

⡢񡭡е㣿

ħŹľӱڳȥˣһꡣ

˵Ǻݻħվ̬չ
ҪǿæͨѪطתơ

ҪתƵŵԴȥ
ͲᴸԼԴ

ħҲȲˡ

֪˼һֵضϰħж漴Զģҽ

ģ
ģҰԸѰ֮ǰ۶ģھȻҪ

ȵȣ
ʦҪʲôѵѵ

뵽ʱˡ

Ŀ࣬ŵĻţû㷴Ӧضʱü㲻ϸ

ǿϲϣǸ˵Ļʦֱ۾Ҫûˣ

Ĭһ롣
Ȼ˵

ʦҲ𣿣

ֱ˵ʦ÷û赱ڣ

ģ
һ

ǳûʲôˮƽļ

һĵĺ޺ɻΪá

޷Υˣֻǲ鲻ԸͼնԼĳǶȥסʱ򣬸ǿ˻һֲ

͵Ĳµһȷʵϱۡ
ֹ˰ħǿԭû취ϳ壬ȡǿֶΣֱۣҲҪ

ħֻеΪĽ⡣

һסɻ漴ͻӽնۡ
ıƽ·Ĳʲôϱۺ٣Ƕϵһ

ûϵģҽʦôĳӶܸضӣ񲻹һֱۣ϶ڻ¡
ӲϾˣʣһֱҲɱС

˵ˣͱù

ײ˲䣬۲ɼΪģ˷ӿȥ
ܵĶǵƣּŰħħоԿԵڳħرסԴһСڵȴͷ

ľۿ縡ƼƮĽﱻƽ̻ҷ۳֮УޣԵɨƽһС

оҪϡ

ϵȴŵۣǰħǵİĽ

ɻǳϸ̵ĲİħſҺÿҪ

оԼİĽھ˵ĴݲУҲĲҽٻȴס

أû£ϾͶˣʦҲٸȥѰһµĻ

ģͷѰµģȥҼҷɻ
أһѸõĸ㲻ˣ

ģҰ͸ҵﰡ
أʦ֣׻˵ΪҲ

ģ
Ҳ뱬ˡʦ֣İĽʦþˣڻҪռˣ˵Ҫĵ

һߣһɻոջ˲ȥİħС

ħˣ

ŻӽһûС

ɻۺʹħҲòڹ˶˷ͬʱӦΪ˸ֱ۸ˡ

ħ㻹˵ûУ֪֪ԼڸԶֱۣˣǿ϶Эģʧȥֱ۵Ļս϶ۿۣԺͲشħˣ

ĬĬӽµ

ֶˣýšŶˣͷޣ

ħֵãǸѹֵôΪô࣡ƭ㣬ƭˣƭˣɱˣһһɱǸûиޣ

ų˳ǣ˵ʲôã죬ݲκκδ

ħΪ̬ȶ𾪣ķˡ

Ȼ·Ϊ˸˵һ飬԰ħ˵Ļ

Ϊûаһˡ

ͷͻȻ˺ܶ£Ϊö˷ȥԼ֮󣬷˼ʮݣֻж˷Ψһִ
ޱȾ鶼˴𰸣Ҳ׿Լ͸顣

ŵĿ΢̧̧ԶͿħԼħħԡħԿĶ˷ʹײߣȴõĿ΢΢ЦЦ԰׶ѵĴԸƽսȻͬɫ

˵һֱˡ
ҵܸ





38.     ֻҪš

˵ʲô, ˵ʲôܸǸˣħû

, ˿һƴŵüģɸֵʹĶоֻǸħͷˣΪܲҪôίиΣ

ǰħЦڿʱŵķӦһֱƽɴ˿̣һ仰ʱȻһ١

Ϊˡ



еİģַϤŵԴʱһЩ⡣

Ϊʲôħ, һ
һдڴ

Ҳǰħ, ˷, ħ, أɽϵħϮ˿̱ǧħΧ, ȫѲ˸ϵ
ûκδܲݷ, ʱ, ʹһͷ

Ŀʲô

Ϊˡɱ˷

ţʾɱ˷

ħǰʾ, ǱþôֻˣһвŻع죡

ôĿĹɱ˷ˡ

ҪɱԭҲܲµ
˷ǿ, ԱħҪǿǿ⣬һֻħʵʹûǣ, Ҫ׾١˿֮еĴڣȻ޷Ҫ뾡취

Ų֪ǣ˴룬ȴ©Ҫһ㡣
ǹǿɲ˷Ϊжд̵ɡĻħҲþֶΧ˵Ķ

ҪһڣΨһԭֻ߸ԭķ

Ų֪Ҳûй˼ˣʶҪڽձ¶˷ԡ

ûиԡ

˵֮ӣ¡ħĲѡʱˣҲˣʹƴȥŬΪԤеӣħ¡
ȴʧȥܾ˿ջڱʹУ·һ״̬

ˣȴǷ
һأðǷµĸϡ

ΪУ

ǱΪоǡ

һξ˳ɻ
ļˣָ졣

죬ûˡûħȡҪҲС

Ųý
˵ٺõõĴ󿳵˶٣ǴʱɻһƫϸĽӳʹħʱƣһʱ֮䣬˽⡣

ʹʱӽɻ֮һһʱԿɼۺɫĺĻȡҶ϶䡣

ʹˣ֮ӰľʱȻȻػն֮ʣ˾ǴӻĿпѪ꣬ƼޱߴѪ׹Ƕѻɽ

ǧ֮أǶ˵ͷ­ħʬǡ

ǰЩ꣬꣬׽ȥһδĶ񶷵УɱĶħ

Ȼ䣬Ƭ֮ǰޱħأһ˲֮·Ҫصľٸڱȱȣǲ֪˭¡

֮֮ʣŶͣ
ƴҪһϱ۵ľģ䣬

ҵȥ

ħ
ħӣ

ħԴҲûϵ̬Ȼᷢչһ
е֮⣬ߵ㣬ɡȴһħͷִԲҪϱۣ

ħؿԶۡ

ˡ
ȥΪħжϺ֮ϵΪ֮

Ը

Ѱµˣֻš

ǷƷеķƷ
Ϊţűʶֺһһһسɳɱ䣬ų޽ħ֮ɫĴɱ

ڰٰΪ˶Ŀɳˡħ²۸ҹ֣ǲжϺ֮Ե֡

йܶˣװģŵģʼһòֻ

ߵ
Щ꣬ûģ֪ģϲŭ֣ɰܵĵʧ⣬ȫ

ǣɻۻһ֮ʱħЭˣˣԸ壬๾˵ϡ

ɻ̫ˣҲöˣ
ģҵĽ̫ˣܱס̫ˣ

ħòһеյ㡣

ƵԶһ۵ĺɫСԶ˷Ĺȴͣɿȭȥ볹Ʒַ֣Ҳһ˻

ȴ⵽ֹ

ס֡Ǿûˣ

ŻδšͷȥҲ֪˺£ĵվˡ

Щħ׼ʣڴ˿̣ڱóѺ˶ͷ̨

ȫǵҪЮ
Ƕ޸֮ķˣʩԱסǷ޺

ޣģȾǡ

һȺѺǰߵͨ˲Ұв£òʼǺ

ŮɾȾȡ

û˵ֻ꣬Ѫɽգ۱ͷء
ֵħֳ״ڶߣҡͷ̫С룬ôܸжĩˣ֣ʾ⣺һ

ẉ̂

ءġ߶Ⱥŭڣ붯ħɱ֮ǰ꼰޹վ¡

Ϊ˶ԡѪսŵ˫ֲһ˲˴й˵ζ

Ҳġ

ĵǾ޹Сˡ
Ҫȵˣǰ

ȴڹħֹӡ˷ˣ

ÿ鵽һ޹ɱ׿ÿһϢŵΪ㵹һ㣬ϵһ֡
òͣˡ

ò׵˴ϢĹ򣬵ϵİħץʱȰ˵Ҫ޳·ΪʧΪʹˣҪˣҶ췢ģֻǷӡȡģ

Ÿš
Ҳš

޷еҪΪ˱һΣԶ޷صĽ

ûһֻת򵥷¾ıҴ̨
ͬʦƴˣ޺һƬ˵˾Ļ

ȫ˵ζܵҪ˱շ̵۾ۺ˷

Ҳã״̬ܲ
ȳѪȾ˸ɰ׵Ĵħ֣·һʧȥǣٶʧأΪֻʶɱ¾ķħ

ħܶҪǿȴƫƫвԼħԼˣÿÿҹΪΪʹࡣ

̹˵֪˶˷ħ֮Ҳܵǹгһգ˷ˣͬһƽϡ

£浽ʱ̣Ŷˡ

ùǺķȫûģӹš

ûκδܶҡķ
ȫ¼Ҳܡ

ûκҪ˵ΪĴ·֮ҫȥ
ҲС

أɽ۷֮ϣ

һ
һ֪΢Ǻһ۷塣

µһĻڴ˵ݡ

ʱǰ˱۾Գӵܡеˡ

ֻۣ˷һˡ

ֻһ
һ

ֻһΪɢʧΪķѵŬȫǰصԭ㡣

תתһȦǷˡ

һ̣ʧȥΪ֮ʹ̲ס룬Ҫأɽķ֪ˣ֪᲻ֱһħ

뵽Ц

ڣúɣΪ֪Լʲô
Ժô꣬ôбȴʱ˿̸ʱˣޱԼĿ꣬ԼҪʲô

Ҫ˷š
뻤ס

ħҪɱɱħ
Ҫɱ
֮ĵ

ֻҪš





39.     Ǹúˡ

һ˷˵, ׿˶֪ˡ

ЩùǺħҡһ䣬, ׷һ˲ɴ۾Ŀ¶⣬ֳа΢ЦǴ˼ѪһĦȭƣǱĺʱˡ

Ǻ飬·һȺ±˫۵Ұһߴأһ߸߾ʯìһѷسȥ

ɱ
, ʵˣڰͷ

ħɫһ, ȵȡ
ɵӣ²ﻹиӣȻڱѹ, ΪŮѹ, ҪŮ޳ʲôأָҪɷħ

, ʱÿħ˵ⷬﻰ֮ȼĶǴҲı䡣

ǿħ
Ҫô, ǵ, ѹħħ˼ɵ, ǲ˺ģ͸ɴڣȷʵ㲻ɱŮޡŶǷС, Ͽܲͺˣ

ǳ壡


Ȼ
Թ˽ѵĿħԤᷢ顣

˷ٶȱħأʧǣ̼Ҫصķħ

Ҫɱ, ȫǣħϼǿ˹ƣҪǿӲ£

ûȥˡ

Ϊ˷߶һˡ
š

˶֮ȴһе߽

뵽Ż򱻾롰Уħæһޱ鷢Ů˻ġΪˡ

ͰħһͬģǶ˷
ǰһ뻹Ǵӵ޵һ˵

Ϊűס

űԼħϢ֮ǰ˷ָЩ־ȫܵؽб£ȫѹڣٲܵ߷һգ۴ӵصðġҪĻ౻һŲȻ˵صס

ɻֻǱѹȥˡ
ڣûʧ

˷ǿع
ӽȻʣӰ㿣ȴ֮Ĵڡ

ʶʣûˡ
û˵꣬˷ֱֱˡ

סŵֱֻۣƼһƬ壬ЩճѪġ
ţ״˷Ҳû취ٿڣ̿˺²ܣԡֹﲻţ˳ŰѪֱײĿȫЩûг۵Ķϡ

֪̩ȻЦЦ·ȫЩʲô£ϵǸձܺõС顣

ˣȻŲ˵㣬κõġ

˷ġΪ

ŵϸֺܲȻգۼĹȥǸˡ

˷ţһʼֻΪˣϸϸһ̽ȷȻʧȥȫΪ䲻Ƿ˵/已̥Ҳ޼

ʲô
ôڼϢ֮

ļ֮ʱײ̩ȻĿ⣬˷֮

Ϊ
ΪĹ

һֱôŬΪΪ˱ǿʳҹԼգȴĴʧȥ

˷˼㡣

ܣײײ赭д˵㲻Ҫˡ
·ԼѡģѡԼģΪûоûˣ˾ͷ˰ɣ֮бǡ

ţΪʲôģʲôģ˵ģûоûˡҲˣҲ¶١ϣܺúõġ

ԣ˷Ŷ˶٣ݸЦɡ

˷ס
ݽŵЦĻһʱ֮˻Ӧ˱ˣȡ֪ħֻʣ

ˣ۰ħֻչֳֶС
һ˵Уħһ߾еֵֹģƺе㲻ԡ

룬Ȼ

ɱ˵𣿣ôڷڱ

ħΪȴҵҪɱ̸˵ԣܹ̫ˣ

Ѿóˡ

ȷ°ȫݣһϵʹָ϶˷࣬ߣ˵Ұٰܾ㣬ΪѾˣ￴ģģ߶ŵȫ㣬Ҳֻ㡣˷ħĴں塣

ħ˵ͷԣɱ˫ۡ
룬ȷʵˡ

֪Щ໵Ļ£Щ޷ֲء

֪ɶĸȴ޷˶
û취ʹû˺³ħҲһİ˵


һû취ף˽Сˡ

һ̣žԼҽʦˡ
ΪλڷʦħȻǹҪĺ׳١

ΪԸ֣ԸԸΪ·ˣԸۡ
ȴû취˽׵ĵز޷˵ĸ飬ֲԼĵÿվҵҵŬǰƴŬ벫һδ

ҲҪһˡ
֮ǰϣ˷Ⱥ

Žؿڣ޷ģҲ޾½Ʒ˵屻˷ħϢˡ

˷ûй
˵ľ±ܣһ˲佩ӲѪħϢй¶һǰ㡣

Կ֮ʱֻŵ˷Ǽ᲻ɴݵġˡħʲôģǲôڵĶôãҲҪˡ
Ϊңսʤǰɡ

ʵ˵źǰ;ãһֻħлǺġ
أɽطСʦһεľ飬Ŷһ˸ʶ

룬֮԰öûУЩѾԣʲôں˵ħħԣʲôǣ˵ʲôʲôѹں޹ʹ
һʯӵˮȦʲôûˡ

˷ǡ
ںħ֮

ԸһΡ

ΪǶ˷
ΪһŬʧ

ûʧ

˵Ļһ˶
ֻһ鷲ˣҲԼѪ˷˵ħϢһһƽع鰲һ˲ɷħһֲĴˡ

ſġ
ȴϡã˿ãϣΪĴڣóʵԲħܡ

еĶ˷һյģϹѪۣȴǱһ£ʾӵòƬ֮ǰྶͥ

Ź⣬ĿҲ֮͸ů⡣

˵˵ʲôʲô
ЦǸúˡ

ҲЦˡ

İ£鵽Ҳˡ

ݲ֪ǰ·ΣŮվƾһ֮ˣһõС֡

νǳˡһЩ

˷ħʧˡ
ϵڡ

֪˷ɱ˲գ۵ĴħͷҲȻ޵ĴĽᣬһʱܽ⿪ġ
ֻҪĽһղ⣬ϵһա

ǣħʶԼ޲֮֮ʱڱ˷ѹǰӵ˾붫˷ŵϡ

Ŵ˿̲ǷˣԵֿħֻ壬ķ׿һ

ħ֪մȥȥֻһȫĽ֣㷴ҲûУ򿪻Ľžӡ

Ҳҿûгɣϰ벽Ҫʬ޴ˡ

Ϳħһͬڰ֮ǰֻü̻

һ
ǡ
Ҫˡ





40.     ǴħͷΪ޶

 

ŴڴϢš
̱ڵ, İأסƣ, ĺֹסشӶǵ£ȥǱ

źٻôǱ
ǻӽϱ۵ʱҲһ侲ƽڿ˲䣬·ҪѹϮӲ־ȥڿ֮󱣳סѣû벻ʡµ״̬

һʼҿסĿħ

Ǹûʲôõħڿһ˲ˡ

ǿˣֱ, ſѰܿĵط, , ֱĨĨ, ۲ܣ뿴ڻûӴлָĿħ, յȥˡ

֮ǰΪħ򿪵ӻĽţ¿, ̫ǡ

ΪĽ粻ôķˡ

ֹ, ⻹ෲˡ
Ǻһ, ԫڵϣƽſڵϣһ, ѾûϢ

ˡ
ڽһŵˣڣ۾, ȴҲѾ˵ӡ

߲ܼܶĵطȥ

һ·ǲԫϱ֮һ·ʬҰ̫ˣᣬҲ˿ɰ

ԽߣԽǿԽԼ䵽׽սݲеĳء

˿Ȼġ类ݺѹġʱʹﲻ׽硣

˽磬ǻĽ磬硣Ҳǻؾ
Ǿֻʣһԡ

˵Ľ硣

ֻƾһħֱֻڻεûħûд򿪵Ľŵı졣

ײĻֻԸˡ

ŶȻͣŲ
ǰû˵Ŀʣù𣿡

ûлӦ

Լ˸įĬĬҪǰһͻȻ֣߬ճȭͷûκԤ׵ؾͻȭһԵʯǽ
Ƿˣһȭȥʯǽܻ٣Ҳһˡ

ȭͷʯǽаָ֮ʱܻԺ

ħô

װĶƳˣ˲ڰֱͣȭֻǿȭ۳ˢˢ䡣

һνԱֶƵŲ㷴ʡ

ɨԼ֡

ſħһ·ʱ򣬶˷ûסͬȥҲûгɣţƤǰħ

뵽֮ǰˣڿ϶ûзԺԻҪ˷ϴӵţƤǾͲе㷳ꡣ
䵽ĽǲùҲˣֻΣյγ

ţȥ

ħ
ħӱƳӹ𣿣

ǵģˡ

ħø
/رί

ίħ˵ˣͼóĬԼĴڸУϣǸŮһ棬ҪԼߡ

ȻҵĻ𣿡

ħ᣺ҡҵʲô
ħд𣿣ͣʱͣ

ţʲôûд
⻰ĵġ

ûôԶԣֻбݲ˶ѡ

ţ֪˲Ҳܻӭˡ߰ɡ

ħһһ߰ͷĵʶļֵ
ͿҪƮʱͻȻͣһ£ое㲻̫ԣϣһ仰ֱӰ

ߡ
Ҫˡ

ħˣҡȥİ

ţȥﶼԣ㡣֪㲻ɱ˷ȥʿɱ

׿һۺ󣬰ħǳˣŶǸħͷǸʲô̬ˡ
ԼҪûҪƴҲ˶˵ʲôȥҸɱħͷк󻰡

ȻŻ˿󣬽ŵɱΪСټʱҲٹ˼꣬ˡ

ħġ
ֱðˮ

ľŴ˵ϷֻһᣬһӲظܣƨ֣ڸ򲻹ӣ

ųϵ̹ʣԣҴ򲻹

ħû㶼һȥԡ

ŴĻ߰ɡ

ħ


ˣ

ħӸ㣬ߣⱲӾ͸ˣ

ţҲ㣬ڣȥ

˵ϣѾûлתˡ

ħҲһҪӵЩƤţƤǲһ
סˮϵ뿪˲ҪˣһСġ͵ŵĽӴЩƤţƤǲһظš

˰ħȴһ׮¡

֪һԵأһػص˽ӴûᣬǰУŸϿѰ뿪˵صص˼䣬ȥҶ˷

Լһڣ˷ֵ÷衣

;ߴϢ
ǿһһʧ˽Ȼǰһſûˡ

ľŹ֣˵żҲʼصĵĽ磬û

͸˵ײһСʿʱ˱仯

ţ찡˵ôأôܣ

ü

ŲϸϸǰСʿ


ţĳŵŵӡ״죬¶Ű˸ԴȥССһ

оԷж⣬˳ӵرСʿһ˼ҽݡ

СʿͼݴΣ

ҽݵĴƳһۣȻ˵Ͷ˸ֱۣܶż

žţҽһȣȷʵǲżġ
ԣֱҪϣŵЩˣһȥǶҪûˡ

ŲסСʿʵѴ˵Ǻδ

˵ΪݡСʿŽѣʣѵ˵Ҳʿ

Ҳʡ
/ڰҲޣ͵ص˲˶١

ͷ

ŵСʿ˫Ŀͬʱ¶ɫͺɫҲǱħͷ

üħͷָģħ𣿡

СʿŵĹª൱𾪡
ҿеħͷħħڶǰˣˡƲ߹ϵСʿɫƽ⣺ħͷħȴħɶ񣡸ɺޣѾ˻׽ݣֽ˺üšΪ޶

ŷɡ
ţ˵һ˻׽ݣһˡüţ

Сʿͷ

ŵĵһӦֻˣǶ˷

ħԱԪͬھһ£˵أǰʱˡ

˷Сʿеħͷ

ͻȻ
һĭʣѿ֪ħͷ˭

Сʿҡͷ

ţ֪ࣿ

Сʿҡͷ

ţǵѿɻ֪ЩйħͷϢ

صĴǿ϶ˡ

СʿҲջ츮

ţô˵

Сʿȸմجġţ츮

žˡ
Ҫȥ츮

츮һ·;ңԶ
ҪԼȥҲϲϼħͷġ

СʿҲҪȥ츮˳ɽ





41.     ʹҲƲ

²˳, Сʿڷ˴Զָ£ų۵ı˺, ˱Ϸɽһ·츮ֱȥ

ڼ䣬һֱβŵİħ͵͵ܳһΡ
Ȼ뿪ţȻ

ħǵĽ磬ǻþ
ţ֪

ħҪǾٲĻϵġ
ţҲûܸΡȥ츮

ħ

ħԲ𡣡

Ŀǻû
ǸûʲôõĿħһֱûѶ֪ǻ赽ڣװһ·

ǰ츮·, ˳СʿϢ

еĵĽ, Сʿʵ, Ǿʿħս߸ͷ

һ, ħ޽ōԪ, һͬȪ޽ܣħǿҲû˴, Ҳ˻

˵, ˶ò, ˼Ҫ̫ƽһʱˡ
ɲϣһս֮ûа׵أħĴħͷճں޷, ׽类ݣͿ̿ս׷ɡ

׽ݱپ, ǰħ֮սԪ˵޽ģɱֹɱֹħͷ

뵽ȥߣ޹顣
ȥˣʬǶ鲻硣

ԪڣܲһԪѹʣ۷䣬һһ˶֡
Ī˵䣬ʹͳĽڽɽҲ

Ϲ۵Щǣǿ

ɥĴħͷûйϸ鱨ģ߶ˡˣû֪Ŀģʲô

Ϊɱɱ

ɱ޻Ϊֹ

Сʿžþòܻ

֮ǰǴħͷǶ˷
ȴͻȻȷš

ĬãСʿѯйء᯶顣

᯶Ƕ˷ĵţСʿһֱᵽčԪš
ŵĵ˸ȡģʱ޽ܣΪ⣬ֱ˵ƣ֣ȡԡߵĹԡ֮⣬˳ź᯶˸

ŴСʿǶõĻӦǣԪʧˡû֪ȥ˵׽ļ޵ҹ飬ڰڵҲ˵

ţ˵ʲô

СʿϴѰؾżֻΪøԪķӡ

㶣һֱŵĴʹУԱԪ񡭡ֻתҲûˣôܸ

Сʿǰɵ֪ûУȴҪȥҡ

򴽣Ӳϻֻ飬ģЩܵ



ڴħͷ֮ǰǸϵ츮
Сʿ츮ħͷһϮĵص㣬츮ĸȫôΪġ

ԴģϵõԮ֣ͬ˼֮С

츮䱸ɭϡ
СʿŻû츮ؽ磬һѲߵӴٴеһ䡰츮л͡Ǹˡ

ҪżǴħͷģȻԸߡСʿǷ֮ǰ̽ħͷ鱨ģʲôûţֶܿ顣

˱˸Ұõĵطصȴħͷá

ûе̫á

һ߽ǱƳ˽ȥħͷˡ

Ϊ̫ԶˣûпħͷӰɼʹǸôԶҲңң츮Ĳ״Ϯһ˲Ӱһ춯صĵ⽣âҲѪɽı

еޡ
ʿ쵽

ҹɫعƽ¶˳Ѱ¹츮ʬɽѪȻضһ֮

ŵ˰ա
츮ţֻ˰Ĺˡ

˵츮Χڣ츮ΪķԲٹڣҲûа˵ټ

츮ŵСʿ

ȴӣҡȥǱ߿ɣ

ųؿһۣȻõġ

츮ڡ

츮ʿһˡ
Ƕߵ츮صˣҲиӰһǡ

Сʿ츮ߣһˣûһµˡ
ŲԣߣҲܾȫ۵ס

ĸðԺ

Ҿ御

ϲӭˡ
ֻ˵ǴҾһ鴹Ȼȴѹɱ

ûһϵġ

֪ģһǧˣֻһ

ǵӰּ֣ݣ˫ۣͻȻͣ˽ŲǰСʿĽ磬ΪҿЩ𣿡

СʿСʿ
ϵɵ̫ˡ

ϸϸֻԼڱǣűߡ

ȥ˼ҽݿ˲״ƾ͹츮պյɱħͷţս޽˲

ɵǣĿħͷŲҾȻš

츮һξˣħͷǶ˷һ߱ҲˣûеСʿټ

ޡ
Ϊʱǿûߣħ󶨸

ͼһչ
ｮ¡

ûеСʿһˡ

˼ˣܲµˡ

ʱŴ촰˵СʿҲš

װҴߵӰȻһ͡
ţżֱͦ˱ȻعŶӡ

СʿСʱȴէȻʧ˱飬Υ͹
һ˫۾һֻǱɣһ޲ڶۣխڰľ޶ͻȻոǧһ˲ӰֻͷĿѣ

ӦŵĻǰΪûп

Ŷ˶ƽʣҿˣȻأ

СʿⲻӦҪ𣿡
ͣһ룬ԴޱãȻأ

ⲻǸ̫İʾ

˶Է̹ʸɴش𣺡ɱ

һ㡣

ȴֻظңɱ

Сʿˡ
ſеġɱˡ˵ĲǷȱѹͲԸɱ

壬Ҳõʱ˿̣Сʿֻʧʧ͸

ȻˣҲˣƲĺ棬޹⣬ΨСʿһ˫ӨӨĹ⡣

СʿҪؿɱ˻ҿԳŵ㣬ӵֻأǽԵ

˼Ĺ򶼲ҪŵĴֻһɱѰ˰ɡ

ƽ䵭˵꣬ǲٺСʿ˷ѿˮҲ·𿴲֮ƵģתҪߡ

СʿĻźХķӱ

ûɱˣֻ㡣
ħܣܣ޽ܲܣȫ£ֻɱ

⻰ŲЦˡ
˶˷ǰռһԣ˵յ֮ˣ֮ˣֻܸħڴ֮С

Ц

ع΢̧Ŀ֮ѹ£ֲֳֿ
Ѫζķ紵ķң°ڣȴΪ·գۼ仯罫飬ҪѹҲᶯҡһǰ㡣

Сʿ

Ҫһΰȫµصǿѹ𣿡
һαƷˣڶֱӸ
ֻ飬ҾһҪ𣿡

СʿĬ

ĬҲã粵ҲգΣ˵ù˵ù򲻹ŵѡֻһ

ֻһ仰ɱ˵
ԱҾȥǸħ򶷣һΣ㲻Ҫɱ˷

ʹһΣҲƲҡ

䣬תֱȥ
ǷӰ





42.  İ   ֻټһ档

Ÿɾ˦Сʿת, һֱڽӴųҰİħĿɿڴ

ֱСʿӰҪʧһֱһֱ, 𾪵ĪеԺİħγѡ

ħˣǿ
ţûֱӹѾܿˡ

ħȻ
ţҲһ٣ȻһŰߣعжԶԶ

ŵıϧոûôһڣ˸ɵ£˵Իذµʹڱϲֹ֪Ұ˷Ҫ̵ĻҪȥ, ˵ʲôֻܸ

ħ˺ܾòɵɵһ䣺, 

ЦҲ, ˵ı׼ȥҪ, ̫ΪˣϾǵĶ

ħһÿ˵ԼŮ, һŬǹΪˬζ



˦ƨߵøɴ䣬˦˦ù侲, , Сʿô˵÷, ٰѲܵϣˣôһЩ죬ͻӻְӵĽͻˡ

, ûܻؼңֻּСʿ

·ҹ츮ġֻǳϷû, СʿصСеӣãģһûûεɵӡ

ħɵӣǿɰӣ

ţҾͲ㵽ʲô

ħ
¸ë£صä˵֣ôд֪һΪ˭ΪԼŮ˵룡

ǲ֪ħôˣһ߰ǧװĶĸбƻȥһӦľ

СʿҪȥģ
ţȥ֡

Сʿ֣ˣȷʵҪˣٲξҪˣҽܸΣһ̣Σ

ֻй

СʿƲɱ˷ȴܱȥҽɡ

űѺȥ롣

ûγɡ
ΪҽѾˡ

ǰ

ǵִʱÿǶ˷ɱ˵һĻ

˵ˣСʿҲˣذŴҽɵҽվԱߣʮ֮⣬ϵȵĹϯôѺſ˷ɱֿѡ

Сʿʱøոպá
ǰŸյ˷ȱֱҽɸǰչͼɱɱҽ˻ɱվѡ

ǵһμħģûԼĶ˷
֪ĴڣٲҴţûһαװ˵һ棬չ¶ɡ

ϤüۣžǾøİ
û˴ʱᣬҲħϵı𺣬յģʲôûУʲôҲڣ·ֻʣޱ޼ʵĺڰľ

Ų֪ΪɱˣΪʱֺҲʹ֮⣬̧֮䣬ָţعޣΪɱɱ

ҽɵǲͬģҲֻһ㲻ͬպѣ˷⡣

׽ݣ޽ŵˣ㣿
ҡ

ʱɵħ
Ҳ֪һʶ˵ʱ򣬱㷢Լħˡ

Ϊɱң
̫ࡣ

ΪҪɱôˣ
ΪҪ

˭


ΪΡҪ
Ҳˣټһ뿴ЦһЦ

ᵽ˷ĻͻȻң϶ЦǾͲЦˡҲãԹҲգҵɺ޹ϸİˣҪɱңһټһ档һûиúõûи˵Բûижమ

֪𣿡
˵һ仰ҹȻԱԪˡ

ˡ
Զزˡ

ֻתûеģԶ

ʵÿÿ˾ڿ־塢ˣͷű˰÷ڵĺ̶Ҳˡ

ɱˣҲҪټ

Ҫ
Ż

ҽĬ

˷Ȳ֮һĿꡣʱȣҪָԤ֮ǰٵ˼䣬

Ǳʣ㻹Ҫ𣿡

ҽҡҡͷ˵ףóԸ

лл

Ƕͷ£ֿѻȪɱʱ˷ûжҡһ֡

ɱ˺ûзźСʿڵĶ˷Ťͷߣһգۣ㲻Ӱ

𷽲ŵĶ˷ҽɵĶԻ˵̾Ϣ̾ɤһ·ȥܵҪ
Ѫ߳ҽݣȥ棬Ŀ׷涫˷ʧĵطᣬѪ

ͻȻΪҵ˴𰸡
˷ħ֮ɱ֮ȫ˴𰸡

ͬʱҲˣСʿҽɣΪ˰Ǵ˷ɱ飬嶫˷ĿȻɱ

룬Сʿ仯ΣȴԲˡ
ְ취ȰҪΪ飬ƺ̫ӡ

ᣬħΪΪҽ֮ģûܸˣҪǹϵڲģͲҽɰκĹɱ𣿣

еڰħͻȻֱͦˣ

ħƨǹƣ

ţ
һʺһĹִľҲ

СʿŲ֪źͰħĶԻҪ֪һ˺ɫʤȯյɫţ㻹ɱ

ţɱˡ

СʿȻˣǼȥѰְɡ

֪Ҫʲô̬̹Уȥľȥİɡ

ǣСʿĴݷţˣȴÿһÿһΣŻûܸ˵ϻѾûˡ
ûˣŵҲûˡ

ĪһүСȥ˼ͳƱĴ
ֱظƱѵģ׼ʱ

ħһ·

һʼ˷Ϊһ˽ɱ޹ɱôﰡɱȥ˵־Ҫû˰

˷ѾܻⰮħķŭˣʼһ·Ĺɵ
ҲûãоϣԽԽãʼԼһһߺޡ

ħҾǸ쵰İŮ˾ˣһֻҪûˣҡңأ

оԼĽӴˮŶȥˣˣˣûֻ֣ô𣿡ǰûˣ²Ͱֱۣ˸ʲô浱ˡ

ħ

ˮøˡ

һǱģһѹ



СʿѺſһ·˷˼״˵һ·ġɱˡȥҲû̫ӣǻɱﵣҪһƵС

ʹɱﵵӣڽ졣

Ƶɨŵ֣Сʿ˵ٲξ治ˡ

ŵͷǵġǽҪȥأ

СʿǺһ£ܿһ˴ݵ״̬¶һĨЦ˵ƵҽޣֻŲ˰ɡ





43.  ľ   ɱˡ

, ס˳ţΪ, ᷢʲô

ɱˣһκͬǰŵ˷žͿʼɱˡ

ŵţҵѾ˺ҽʦʱ򣬶˷ӰѵõĴϢʱ䣬ǲϵرſ˷ɱŵһĻĻ

ʱҽʦ㲻һˡ
߶һ, ǽķСʦ, ҽʦ˵ҪΪǸСʦ塣

ͨ, Сʦħڲ, ˰ħ

˵ûħˡ
Ǹصصɸɾʿˡ

ħвʵʵ룬æָܻ, ΪǰֻǰħǸħͷѾħˣǰֵģ, ҲվǸħ

ţ֪

֪, , Ϊ˵ͬʱֹס˼Ľ

ǳСʿҽʦСʦ֪ϵĸţûϳţΪҽ, ǻǾľظơ

ǻڵĽŻȻҽʦ㡣

棺ϵûд󰭣ѡҲ, չͳ׷ˡôѰңƵĴôܵ飡

Ц˵лл
Ȼ󿴵ҽʦһ档

һ߸ƣһ߷ǳлԾ˿˿۵˵ʹҵ±׼ҲܸΡ

ţ𣿡
棺ǿɲҼҵ˿ȫ޽ҽˡ׹ǣڻ£ֻҪ㻹пܸ 

Ų֪ʱˣҵҲ

ɣ

ţ˵ȫֻһɱ

Ϻ֮ɫŨ㿪Цأ

ŶСʿ֣֤һ¡

ûܰСʿйһ˴

Ƕ˷
ˡ

Ϣ˰ţֵ壬аֻ̤硢Ѵ¾Сʦ򣬱һˡ

ɲ֮䣬еϮСʦҽʦ㶼ȥ

ֻԿš
ǺͶ˷򣬴ȥȴǲУڼſһģһǽҪ֮ʣʱ䱻ͣ

ǰĻúֻСʿĻŶơ

óϣвֻҪӦɱоȣоȣоȣ´󼪣Ǻõ𣿡

ĬĬɨסҽʦǿжԿСʦ壬Ȼ䵽˶˷ϡ

֮ǰһģ
յģʲôûУһƬߡ

˶оˣȴΨȲ𣿡

Сʿû˵ǣֻ˵һŲķϻ˼Ӧñд壬óŮ֮СС֣Ӧȥɱ˷

˵ҶˣһžֱֻǰĻ桢Լ˼С

Сʦҽʦڶ˷ǰĴ߳ҽݣʺѪȾأɽһɽ壬׷ֹ˷ųǵڵϣϰ㲻ϣֻ˵ʯ
ֻСʿѺſĿ¾һĻĻ

ŵͷֳܶʡ

Ϊʲô˷ô޼ɵɱˣ
Ϊʲôû
Ϊʲô֮Ұ˵һˣ߶ûУ

룬ҵ˲ٴ𰸣ԭǣΪ˷̫ǿˡ

ֱܺײΪ޽֮ȴһֹ
£ûסŻ⾰

뵽ŵԺͻȻĳһ뷨
һеε뷨

ҪǱȶ˷ҪǿôǲǾסˣ
ɱ޹ҲٿͿ̿ǧˣ

ʱСʿŵĳ˼ʳǾ䣬Ѿʹܶܶ飬ÿεõĶһĴ𰸣һȴʼջʵ⡣

Сʿ㻹ɱ𣿡

㶣˼ѣף̹ȻԶԣǣɱˡ

ſСʿ£֪ǵڼε¶ʧɫȻϧҺźĴ𰸡

䣬Ľʱָ֮

ûʲôӦǰħըˡ
˽Ӵ๾˵棬ͬʱ֣Ҫ¶Сʦҽʦն¶ͷĶ˷ҲʹСʿ

ħͣ¡׼Ҫǰҽ޶˵ĻĽûҽܸˣ

Сʿˡ
һħסġ

綫˷ǿɨ˼䣬ڵĽ磬Ǿԣ

Сʿ̧֣һ֮ɽһѹ˰ħϣڵϣ޷Ӽ˷һ

ǰħʼڣñ۸ˣҼŮˣǸħͷʲô𣿻쵰쵰ɿӰҪҧ̵ȻΪµ

ţûƨĻӦһԿİħ˶۾һ죬Сʿһۡ

Сʿ㶼ûֻĿǰڿʲô
ǰħ˳СʿĿٿȥ

š
žȻ˷ȥˣקסȥɱˡ

ħʱĳȣʼðˮǼĺˮˮ

վˣˣ

Сʿ֮ǰʧţͼҵϴĸ֤ݣʧȻִԲ򡣡

ȥ˷ߵʱСʦҽʦѾˡ
ˣ޽磬ֵܸˣȫѾˡ

ŵû̫仯Ϊȷʵں

ֻж˷

˺Сʦ彻ֺܵˣֱҲѪƳһͿͼתߣżǵԼ̫ˣ¶һ㣬һ죬Щ˾ͳ׻زˡ

Ų֣ץסֹסҴҵĲԭء

˵ͣ°ɡ

˷ס

оȻһݺһ£Դ˲ȱһƬհףֻüˡˡˡˡǿ

ȫֻһˣ¾裬޽ĵرӽ
ֻһˡ

ûзֻľͷһһ˲ԭأζӵȫӿͷϣˣѪҺһ㡣
ԴȥǵһΣظܵЩΪ˵ȫ

һ˲䣬˷Ϊˡ

ڻعͷһɲʧˡ
һͰװ˱ˮֱֱͷ£ʱ侲Ļ䣬˹





ô

Ϊʲô

Ļжð

Ͷ˷ײߵһ룬ſģһ˲ȼϣɫȻһįֻصӣỬ䣬ֱ̧ɱУɱ⡣

뷲֮űҪġ

ûκηأɥڶ˷µһ޷ȥ

һĻûз
СʿԶ˷֪ʧЧͻȻϳСʿҲǰħˣ˱ųµĹ

ʯ䷢ģֻŲ˶˷ɱУһ˳ȥǰҪɱķıؾ·ϣɫȻһ

˵˷ͣ°ɡ





44.  ʮ   ҪΪǿ

֮, ţûеڶס˷ˡ

컯Ū, ҹҹ˾ǰȴʱֻƽ֪ˣ汾£ֻҪɱǰ·ϵˡ

˷нҪɱУŲŲæ, Ҳ, ٿ, ֻƴȫ֡

һʱ֮, ײƸвʱӰת, ϵڴܡ

źͶ˷ͻȻʹˣûӵоԼҪ˵İħǳ𾪡

ħ⡢ô£

ħͷҪİŮ˶ɱ, ̣
Ȼ̳ȥҪݻ, ɳ嵽һ, ͻԣһ㶣˾ǿʼ֡

ǵᣬǽ֣֡

һϢ֮ǰʧȥΪķ𣿣ôҲգһ۵Ĺ, ͻȻս壬ܸǴħͷܶһˣ

ʿΪһ˵, ˵Ͳ𣿣

Сʿ˵ࣺûʧȥУ𣬶Լ֮˶ҡʧȥΪļ󡣡˶٣ЩȻٵƺһ¥ˡ

ߪ

ΪԼΪڲϵǰںһ۷壬֪ͨʲôʲôһʧһơС֮ء֮Ƶķˮ룬̤µľ硣

ߪɱ֮ǰ޽ġԪʱʵһβСĲࡣ

ڴºͶ˷һɽ鹬һ֮ս취ޡ
˷ǰޣǺϦദǰε£òˣϤ壬Ϥ˼롣

ֱ͸ĸоȷʵ̫á

һۿǰŮ޵ľ磬ǿµģȴĥ˿̣˷ֹС
ͻʱŮ޵ģһ˲Ťɵ¾۽ûзֺ仯Ŵδ˲ֻǴ

˷ͣ£ʣǺˣ

˷ͣˣȴͣһȭֱŶȥȥǺ׺ݣû֡

Ҳᡣ
Ҷ汾£۸ϲ˭

Ķ˷ȭܻٵҪЦŽˣͷҪۡ
ǰĶ˷֪Ȳ֪ɵɵվŰ

ϣȭδƱɢˡ

ŲһԶѪ

ЦЦգѶ˷ⶪ˻ȥ˵ˣ𣿡

˷֪ǲܵ顣
Ϊ¹ءˡǲһ˿˿ԴŬǰŮ޵ѰŵӰӡ

˷ݾ㲻

ȲûֵˣøϿץʱȥѰš

ٿȻǺɱУ

˷ɱģҪ򣬺ߵûʲôӦǰħð۴УɵӴħͷԼ¶ʶˣ

Ȼһָţ뱻𣿣Ͽ˵ʲô˵֪Ķϰ

б⣬ϺͶ˷ϣװİˣźС

ûг̫ãžˡ
ΪٴȥҪˡ

·Ҳһף֪ԼڵĽǡ·ˡֻҪǰüĽǡšġҪǲĻڸǰ߹Ҳעⲻ

·λרҰܼĵطö˷ԼĴڣɰڶԷޣʵֹһǿ˵ãҲ˺һ·ų˦ġ

˦֮޳һѪˮǿüֱס

Ƕ˷̫ˣСشѪһֲĴʶǺʵ

˷ΪʿʱѾùˣһħзһ㣬Ǿʵǿûб߼ʣԼصԶ

ŵ˼ԶȥĶ˷Ʈ֮ʣһֱϹ۵СʿˣŵҰ

СʿоȽ͵Ҫˡɱ

Сʿ㵽ʲô

ŵת˷뿪ķڳϵӦСʿĻз΢⣬¶ᶨ֮⣺ħ޷ȵġǣԱֹ

Сʿֹ

ȻһҲĻҡҡͷˡȻûϳңոһ˲䣬ȷʵΪͣ˲

Сʿһ̵ЦΪֹΣһҲ£ɱķ

ûдɱķıҪˡΪѾˡ

˵ǻڹȥĵĽ磬ֱضСʿ˵˷ӮˣƵòòתʱ䣬һ

˵Ѿû˴ɱķɡ
Ϊˡ

Сʿʼջɱ˵ɡǲǸСޣ

ǳͨʲôŵԵ֪˶˷ħãȻüᶨţ貣ϵ̫ҪҫĿ·ǸȻӵвčԪֻˡ

ţ˷ɱˣ޹ģˣѳɹȥأһһĻҪɱ޹һ

СʿһֱûеȥĳЦƾ㣬

ŲΪ⣬̹ڣֻҪҳΪǿǿס

ֻҪΪǿ˷ЩɱˣǱˣҪģҪɱ˵ģ¡
ӦҪĵҪ˵ĵܾȶ˷Ψһˡ

СʿĻشʲôҪ

ΪѾˡ

ҪϳΪǿĵˣκˣ˷ϵȺɣҪǿ

ǿܾػˣ¶˷಻סԼħԣɱҲܰס޹

Ҫǿĵ
ҪΪǿ

ҲͨˣˣˣҪͨǿ˲䣬Ƕõͨˣﱻˣ˩ϵļҲʧˡ

֮γɺӦ󣬴Ϊǿ·ѼƺһƺǿĿ

Ϊʧãعڣʹյ鶼˳·ϴˣҲˬ̥ǣǳ׻һһ

֮·п顣

ƺϵĵһ飬

˵ҪΪǿԺıȻڿһЦ

ɲǿ
ΪԼܳΪ֮ˣΪӵ㹻츳Ǳ𣿡

˵Ǹʾ䣬дˡ

ⱾǺܴ˵ʱ̣Ų٣ֱ׳طʣʲôأôΪҵ츳Ǳأ

СʿǺһ£ʵ

㱻һȷʵնɱħĻԵעһսУĵעΪͻΪնɱħ֮Ϊɨƽ˼ħ

ŽСʿĻ𣿡
ƣһƵᣬ˵Ļǻ/ҩζʮ㣺ʹõҲǺܶࡣһΪ͵ֻ֪ɱ˶˷Űʹͷϡ

СʿǺ˵ϻ

ޱĻ᣺ѹûϵҵִһս֮󣬾Ҫ̤ƽ˽磬ʱ⣬һͷ
ɴ˿㿴˸׼Ҳ©ġԣҳɲǿ˵顣

ųһĨЦ
Ǳ۾Ƶģת̧ȣһŲ˻˺ӰҪ͵͵ŵĿħϣѹֱӰѺ߲ȳ̻ңԭɢ

֮ףֱֱСʿ

ܲܳɣԼ˵㡣

ҿŰɡ
ǿңˡ





45.  һ   õģģ

ŵһ׳û˵Сʿ, Ѱħж¡

øж
̫жˣ

İŮˣ

尡ϰɰ
ЩƲȫſסǵԴ, ǽڣ

ħԽԽԽԽ̼·Ѿպ磬վ֮۵Ļ棬оԼڵѪʼڵͷԸһȣ鲻Խش󺰣һ֮

ŵעԶСʿص˸ǰ
Ŀƽƽɨƴ⣬ͼ, ˷ܵòԼ, ȫˡż󡱵ĺɫС, , ȷʵȱһ֮



ţҲɱ˷
ħף

ţδĿӡ
ħó

:ˣȴٳɾ֮⡣뵱ǿ, ȴҲ뵱һͨˡ
ħˣ˵㣡

ţҪΪҵ, ҪȫΪá
ħΰѿҰɣ

Ĭһ¡
֮ʣԴҩ𣿡

ħûгҩ, ֻǸոձιһͰѪ

ŻȻ
ԭµʦֽõһ, ڲ֪伤һƴˣŻðħĥ˽ΪѪˡ

ħ¡ֻһ󣡡
ţ˵

һֱǰİħίͰ¡һ֡

ⲻһֵ̫ŵͷ, ͬˣȻȫ츳ȡһðħ֡

, 飺ΪƽսСƽ
ħ

ţ뵱飬Ȼˣ顱Σ
ħ

Ƕ⡣

ɨһֱڲԹ۵СʿδҪߵ·еáô

ħĬ
ãӭڴĿ⣬еѵ˵ҿħͺܺá

Ըźδԣ׵Ǿ͸Ļħɡͦõġ

ǧ˷ǣĲġ
ͦá

ħݳɫϸ˺öȦ̧Ҳۣᷢ״٣ǳǳЦݣů⡣
ǰӽӴʹ֪һͨͨķҲûаȥһֱϣһɳ͸Ĺҫʱܵůϣ

ţΪҵһ֮ɡ

ħ
߶ˡ˺öС̹һԼСˣأ͵ؾ

תתһȦ˺ööˣֻصˡ

ͦõġ
ͦõġ

ħΪŵҲǰۡ

ۣ֮޲ѾʧѪȻҲ֪ǸҪôޣȱ˲һذͳˣֱͿԼΪֹ
˱ԴҲҪָǱøǿ

ħ֪Ĳ⣬˵û˾ûˣƨ¡
⣡ҪΪǿŮˣôܱ˲ۣ

ʱŸоװõֽܶˣҲƴǰЩµı仯Ҳⲻһֱͨˣǳ˾ۡ

ϾǳԼϵĲеӦʣȴħߣˡ

Ҳ˻ؽָǣĿСʿϡ

ЦЦϷˣ

Сʿ

䵭ĻӦ˲ţ΢ЦȻߣرơҪŴÿ캰ؽڵħһϤ

ţ⿴Ϸһİɡ
ֳСʿ˼һ߽⿪ס۵ϸһɣ

ʱ䣬СʿĻܵ˿˿Σյζ
ΣյĲˣ뷨̬ȡ

ŮޣΣա

СʿԾüͷʲô

ʲô

ʵûʲô¡
ֻǺվţǲܳΪǿġҪԵҪĥҪۣΪĵʯǶ

ǰһõٺãŰݹ󣬶Ĵûᡣ

ߵЦݼˣ͸˷ܵĹ⣬ƵŮƽʵһ˲ʻʱˡ
ҲǸˡ

Сʿ֡

㣬Ӧͦǿģ
Ǵɣ

ʱ˿̣ʵԨ֮ٲȻСӺʹ󣬺߿ɵؽǰһŲɿŵ񣬻Ȼֻ

ҲħߣҪǿԼİŮһһ͸ˣѶԷͨǿĵʯֻѪ֮࣬Ҫֻһ顣



˱Դħʶߣ˽ڡ
ϢʱһΡ

İŮˣûпɶĴħͷΪħͷѾѵŮƲˡȻ֪ǲܵģȻΣһɡ

УİŮѾۣ֮óȺʵǿϯλƲ󻵵ǧ˾Ĥݡ

İŮ˰һǶĽܳףָǷ쵱ƺŵ񣬷ޡ

νˣħҲ֮ˡ

ʶշų֪ľСʿ

ħĵһӦǣľͰ佱ˣˣ
ô𣿣

ûиһᣬͻȻƺе㲻ԡ

ҰеСʿдűֲϱ任λ䣬ӡھһ񶷣ɿŨصĺȦ־еǱ׶񼫵ĵѹͨɻĿСū

ħ𾪵ģһ˫ȭͷСʿ

ħ˫ȭͷ졣
ĳе뷨ĳӱʵ

ôɵӳȭͷأ

ޣһǻþɣ
һ۵ķʽ̫ԣͷɣ

ŰħһѾͿʼĬĬĻȫ˶üǴһ䣺ҾԼ˳ƺΪɵӣǲǲ̫ã

ħǿקʵͲѿˡ

ǡ
˫ڹСʿȭͷ֮ô죬Ϊܶ鰡

ûġ
İŮڴСʿ

侲侲侲

һ³򣬾İŮҿѰ·̫

С룺ǡ̸𣿡

ƣ̸û̸ı

ħ
Ĭһ£òʵͼ±ƴŮûод˲ͷ

ţųѾҹˡ

ħʱ˲õԤС
òڵĺһĭʣǡѾҹˣ

žħƲԼмϢһ㣬һ߰˰ɡ
ȻһпǿʲôᡣôãһͷûǱĥһ١

ħĵһӦǣս߰ΪʲôŻû
ڶӦǣԼòһİŮ˾Ȼĥһ٣

뵽ħתߣš

ſһۣͲһϵ˶ǹƸģ

ǰһ뻹ǱϹϾġһת۾ͳ𱰵ġơŲЦˡ

˳Ӧǰ

ħӦը

̣
ҲԲ̣

ħٶȣ۸ûˣʶʶǵ

ţõģģ





46.     һഺ

СʿҪͻ, Ҳϻˡ

ãҲĶ˷, Ǵߣἱð÷Ƹꡣ
ϸһ룬ֲˡҪˣĿ϶Сʿ׼һƨɾͰͻȥħˣûκζ˵û״

žͰĴ˵Ľ磬ץÿһԴ򡱡дԴ, Ű, Ҫեмֵ

ԽԽ, ԽԽѪ, һÿܰθһɵƵġ
ڵѹСʿԽԽή

ʵ˵ˡ
ԼΪһûиսˡ

ܰƵ, ˻رʱĶ˷֮⣬ֻʣǰǸ̬һս˾ҹˡ

ʱ˿, ˾, СʿͻȻ˼һ, д

һˣһš

ܹ˵Ĺݣգϥݵ, 

֪ڼΰ˸ſº󣬶ԷһָͦţƤƵ˹, ô˦˦Сʿӽ

ļֱˣ
ëôİ

ΪϣôûطƢ
ǼװԼһ㶼һֵõ˵ȣƵʣ㾿Ҫ򵽺ʱ

ţҳΪǿ

Сʿ̽һŵΪ
˵ʵҲͦڴģʵǡĿǰΪ;ҹ֮ǰûзֺ仯ߪţûиˡһ˵ҪУһ˼濹Ĺվ

Сʿ̾һʣ㲻𡭡

ȣǿԮۡ

ħѪŮ˲ҾۣŮ˲ϢҾЪϰ

Сʿ
ܻһģȻһҵġ

ΪԼ齡룬Сʿû٣ѭѭգľ𣿡

Ǹ⡣

üͷһ壬𣺡ҸоԼʲô

ʲô

ſʼ֯ԡ
֯֯ȥо֯įԻһƬհףյģʲôûС

ǣʵЦЦ˾䣺֪

ôƷġ
һ裬ԴĳҡԡһͶˣðһΣյͷ

ɴֱӸˣ

̹˵ΣյͷҲǵһζγˣһӿ־ء
ʶԼ˺֣ʱˣĪİ˸Ūˡ

ϣǰŮ޸Ǵġ

εص£ҲεΪڽˣУûһΣǸԤߵġ

վ
εأվ

һڹ

ǡ
λ޽Ϊ֮Ůޣ۲൱һʱ䡣

Ǵһ͵ģ˵츳ƶҲΪȴ֪ܿ̿࣬ԼĶ̰壬㲻ȥʵսȥۻ顣
·м䣬ʯһҰݣ˲̤Σεǿֱͦˣڼз֮Ѱռ䣬Խĥѣޡ

Ϊˣ˵ӽȥӵУֻø𺳡
Ϊ֪жôʹ࣬ôס

Ҳˣ÷ǳź

츳ٸһ㣬ֻһ㣬ܳΪǿ
ҲΪ˿ôһϣŻŸҹﰵϣܰһȻΪһ췲˵ʯҲδɡ

ҰվҰݡ
λ۵Ů޷ǳᶨذȫ֮⣬һƾʵ֤һƬ˷ʱ䡣

ŰҹóܡĽۡ

ǿ
ܣ

ɱĴħͷ
ܣ

ٺϣҪѰ·ˡ

뵽СʿźؿΪһܵЦŬţȻһ̣ɢ֮䡣

㶣ֹ

ˡ

ħҲ㶣Ȼ𾪣ݡ

Ůˣ
̫ǿˣ̫ˣ

ˣȻζûˣ

ŵжôԺСʿȥʧ䵽˼㣺ôأѵҪӵ𣿡

ʱҪҪأ
ҪĲ࣬Ǳ
ܰûˣϵɶ鰡

ħǳ𲻴ڵԴ⣺δǿǰҪʲôӰȻ·ඹȻص֮ҪΪǿϵ»ʯȫ˼֤ǵĴɳʷ

ħźţͷûˡ

Ұ˻ֻһʬ˵棬ǱֶһҰʬ

ŵõһȥ̽ŵϢ

û̫ˣ۵ûȥˡ

ħһȻĬĬչˡ򡱣İŮ˵İΣ
ںԱ˯һŻߣ˵һ䡣

ˡ
úϢɡ



žԼħķʵ顣
ԼҲû뵽Ȼζ

и̡



ʶԼζڵһڿҿҵ˵ʱһ˲һ˲ֽ֮ץʱȥˡ

СʿˡŰôãΪǳᶨصһ̲ˮ˿Ҳûջġ
ջʲô



ǵģӦջġ

ȻҲ˵֮Ӧѧ˰ɡ

ѧ㶫⣬źһһഺĸо
Щ걻ഺ

ʹܶδδţʤΪûжҡޣʵչ
µı֮࣬ŻСʽȫ͵͵ħܲѧãڻͨ

ź츳ѧûǺѵġ
ȷʵԲߣҪνޣǲҪ̫ԵģֻҪȭͷӲǿٶȹ죬

ޣҪӡ
Ҫӵʱʱ˽þС

˵ǰεµġ



һսջħ

˵룬ȷʵˡ

֪ȴ֪Ǹôɷ񣬵ħոµȫʶԵĻǰ֡

ҡ

׿һսʧȥǰۣħϣֲȱʧĲ֣ûָԭⲿȫ˺ɫʸбӲģձһȴ˴֮¹ܡ

е󣬵Ҫ
ܴ򣬾С

Ҳһܴ

øӵչ򡱵
չħɵħӵеġ򡱡

ֻʵﵽһħӵе

൱ڴжԿһڶС硣
СΪӵУ֮

˵УǱ

һʿչħʹõġ򡱣һܿĵ£ҲȫǿģѵһģڳЩʧζ

Ϊϵչ򡱣ʵʲȴһһεʧܡ
սŸҹûгɹһΡȫħ֣һظڻ

ζǰɱõţãֻܷҡ

İŮ˾ɥħŰο࡭ͺˣ

Ҳֻܶˡ

Ͼŵ֮·һ·ȫǿۻġ
ʲôһɳ죬һʵڲʺ

ͨˣֻ֪һһӡ̤̤ʵʵȥ
߲ȥǾ˼һٽߡ

·߳ġ
ֻзߵߴ



һ裬һ¡

ʶջӸһµξ߳ħʮظк

簲ǿ
ǿǽҪȥ

ˣħĳƺѾӡİŮˡˡǿ

ڻĵһµžԼһ߻ᶯʬ塣

˻Ӳ壬˵ȳԷȻϴȥҶ˷

ħ˸Цȥɱ𣿣

ࡣ

ħ





47.     ħĶ˷̫ź

ħǸ, ͷԵģ˼, Ҳᱻƭˡ
Ҳˣ

ɼŸհ˾䶫˷ģ뷨ڷҡ

ħ桢ȥ

ŵͷ

ħʱһϲ֪ڼεؾİŮˣϾͿʼڿҿҵħͷڵء

۶ԵУʿħδռݾƣڳħһϣǴɱ

Ϊħеħ
շǰѿħ, ûŵõǰͷȥ

ƾħܸ֪һΧڵħĿ, һ·, ץһ·ĵͼħ, ̿ӲѶ˷ȥ˳

ҵʱ, Ȼɱˣޱɱˡ
ԶΪӢӢľ, ֻ֪޽, ˼͵С

Ľǻڹλ档
ѳɶ, ҲĲ֣ˣ˷ֽ̧֮һƬȷѪ꣬Żǳȥ, ס

ֻ˵Ƕ˷


ġ·ˡǱȰƮƮĴڣ˶˷ɷΧ֮, ز˲ԣ߻ûɨѽ˦ɱ˭·𲻹Ǻˣֻӵһ֡

Ųܿ˸λֱӴյ˶˷ǰҰ

Цǵ𣿡

˷һ˲㱡
ֳ֮İУЯ˿˿

飬֪Զ˷֪ŻЧ
ȻǸͷβİˣϻؼһ棬һҲˡ

ܼǵһ㣬˷ûмɱ֣ͣ˾䣺˭

ЦЦ

һ߰ķھȭ֣û˼ľ۸˷ϲƫϻҪ٩˵һ䣺ˡ

Ҳܺߴ㵣Ŷ˷ͿʼԴˡ



жෳ˷ھжෳ

ֱӼס

ǵŮǵʮ˴Ӱȥٵسǰˣƴȫ谭ɱЩʿһȴҲһΪûжʹ񣬻ʱʱһЦ

һһ֮ʶ

˷ǳȷڴ֮ǰûмһζûС

Ƿ˵Ů޵ʮŴεײӽУʮߴξ˷Ҫŵӣ˷޿̣ŻûɾŲܣܵŵҲˡµŮޣҪ

һ·Ƶ޴йˮԨһ˲úңҲղס

˷ǲ֪ԼħԴ󷢣ʧȥǣȴ

Ҫƣ˸ãټЩ£ɱˣָһۣٻعѾˣһжˡ

˷һ˲ħЩŵϣΪѹǸһ´ܵԼû뵽¾ǱֱӱƷˣɱɡ

żˡ
˷ϷŹ׷ᡣ

Ʒǵܽޣ˷ͼǧãѡսֳֽ·Ҫһģʬޡ

æųһۡ
ֻƵƤħƣűŰ·ۺһ𣬾޴󷴲ӪУƽղʳ˼̻ɶ޺Ϊ񣬱ȱħø裬

˷˫ȥһƬߵ۾Ƶֻʹ

ʹջߣ˷ҲԺ֮ȥһͣϵػعӭ˲ƤҧһڲϷŹķħ

ɡ
෢йһ£Ͳôˡ

ӣˣӲͷƤӭȥʵԶĴħͷ֡

˷ȷʵ֮
ľûġ

ֻˮŵħϢɵħǴɱķЩѷɫֻɨϱϢޣòˡ

Ÿֲá

Ҫ˽ⶫ˷ǰս棬ƾӵΪֻͳΪĽ꣬һĨˡ

ҲûԶˡ

˷ʹʱ٣ȴֻôһֲĴû̫ãۿɼٶ·硣

һֱӵ˹ȵס

ǰħŴܣ˷ǾŻĹħϢ˵ˣֻҪžԼܱٻ

ƴ죬˷ħǸһգۣܸһǰظĵ̳Ʊ

군ˣ

űһ亹ȲҪʹҪͶ˷ֳף룬ȴǰ֮ؼͣ¡

ħֽߵͣ

ʱ·𱻶סһ˷㲻ǰͫһС

ѽǰ磬ȴֻǶһֺ
ˣڽڲɱɱǰŮޣ޴硣

ŵһӦ룺˷ǡϳˣ

뷨ðˣŲԸԼȥģϲٵĽŷһӰ˰ȫĵطְȫ롣

ͻȻĹö˷侲ӷħ״̬ѣǵصħϢ֮𣬳ѹѹɢȥ콻˼䡣

̧رɫʼٸߣţдӣ˼㡣

ʣ㵽˭

ţǴöˣ
ˡ

ŵԤ룬ĺöһ˷һ㶣ϸϸһóۣٷϻȥòĶӣΪֹ

쵹е㲻һ

ˣҲˣûж˵˾仰

˷ЦһЦ

ŵԿǶðһۿɼʺš

ûЦһⲻħ֮ûʲô˵Ķ˷һҪʹֶͨδĿġ

ųвЦ

űӪҵϵֳһЦ

ɶ˷ڿɵһ㷴ӦûС
Ĭ˰Σ˾䣺ΪʲôҪЦ


ž;ħĶ˷̫źˡ

Ц˲ôˣ
ӭҪɱˡӭˣúԼƵġ

ɱϾԼˣԼǰε£ǿţҲð˸ġ

Ų˴̼Ʒ
ŲǱ

գգۣݸϲԶЦˡ

ħǾ̼ġ
ħͷˡ

仰û˵ԣֿʼˡ

ϲԼ˰ڵϴĥŵڡ

ö˷ϳǷӡ
˼Լݣ뾡һԴ򡣱ϾĶ˷ǾܶǹʵģĻᣬֻڵĽ硣

Ҫҵֹİ취ܲǰε³ΪǿǾ͸ˡ

˻ᣬַ˷޽ˣͣ¡

ΪҪתɱˣʵȴһӣ֪ľͱյ˱𴦡

˵Ǳ𴦣ҲȻ
ֻǴСˡ

һȦ½ۡ

ƺġ

ü㲻ţϻƨϰëͷ֪дЦʶ˷²İˣ





48.     ҵɡ

ħ֤, ֻǴԽһ⣬Ǳ˷

ֻΧһн̫Ϥ, żĻ泡һģһ
ҲһģϾʱ˷Ҳڡ

û뵽˷ģޱߺڰֻǰײݻɳĻ֮Ҳúá

ɽԲǣһսһգħսս⾡˻ħվŵֻǶˡ

ǧ
׳

Ŷ˷ž룺һ߲ˡ

ԽԽ, Ŀ类ѹһʯ, 뱻֧, ɵ˵²İˣҲ, ˿

仰״˶˷ĵߣսһ, ˼ǰŸأž͸Ŵ

ûþͣˡ
Ƕ˷֡

Ͼ, ƵŸ޿, ߵȥ, ʬװֵܣӲ۾ֻԲ⡣

浽ͷÿÿ׼Ҫʹɱ, ȿ˷˸Ѱ

ţ㡭Ϊӱʵķѳһ˸˰ɣ

˷ɨһۣû, ˼ǺȷڷĻ

˸ģֻһĪҲǵһϣ㲻Եɣֻ֪ⲻһǰŮ޵ϡ
ҲˣҪŪףƱҪǰŮޣһŮޣõȫЩ˾˵Ĵ𰸡

ɱ
ֻԶˡ

ǰڳŶ˵ܰʿſޡſ޵֣ţҪٶЦҲҪϲ

űһĻЦˡ
ҲоԼ٩ˣÿϷһξӭһαĸоʵ̫ˡ

ʵˣüۼ䶼֮⣬ڵ٩ҸŮ˵ӡ

ţôͲЦˣ뱻ϲҲд𣿡
üʣвɱɱңҪôвأ

ÿ˵һ䣬˷ֽϵһֱ֣ױһҪɱ֮졣

ȷʵɱ

Ҫȴֻǿѹסħԣǵҧгݵؼһ仰ҵˡ

ţһࡣ

ֻ

ն
˵ϸı£һ˲Ķ֮ѻصƽˣƮŵģ²ﻹۣӺһ·£Ƣ

ڴȤ٩ȴһΪ

һĭͼȨҪôִֲ֮Ƿǰһɡ

ͣ£˷˵һ䡣

ҲãŰ˰ɡ

ʵ˵ߥԼѰ»ĸо΢
Ѱ˹õζζӣҲе㲻Ը⣬룬Ҫܰϱˣһǣһ߳Ҳδáܲôʹ࣬Զһ

˵⻰ʱѾñ˼׼ˡ
·ߣԷ˷һħһ˲

׼ˡ

ûж񶷣еֻ˵ˮ

˷ƽǲȥŵġ
ǼЦòҪϢ类һֻ߬סѪҺסһ㣬ˣʹֻڳʹúá

ʹˣ˷ʱʱػһ
Ϊ̫ˡ

ʵ̫ˡ

ʹЩ꣬ÿÿҲ˵ĻֻҪܼǸ֮£װֻڼ˴δȥȻ 

ǰŮһֱקʵ

صʵ
ʵûİ

뵽Ϥʹеεɽ

˷ǸˣȴҲ޷ܣ⿪ӵ磬ʧһ죬ӿǰû취ŪȴһһʹʧŮޡ

Ȼ⿪Ȼ

Ѳĵطûַħͷ޽ˣ֪ġ
˷תҪߣ̸ϣקסֱۡ˷˷޵ִ㷴Ӧе⡣

˷

ںߡ

קſˡ

ڶμޡ

һֻᣬŻЩ̫Ӧõ˼һΣʲô˼ûˣֻʣ°ûڡ
ȥ̫ھˣʹ˼㡣

ж˷ˡ
·ֻҪʵԸʲôǹаǣ΢̬۵£ν

ֻҪ
ֻ

ֻ

ֻ

ûбԸˡ
һѡ

˷⸱ģҲúܡ


ɿץס˷ֱ۵֣ðűɱķգСرסļĺĿڣ

ˡ
Ҳ㰮ˡɣһˡ

ǰĻ˷Ч
˷ӦǴԲ˵Լ˵Ů룬ƿˣ˳סĲӣֱŤϡ

û뵽˳ˣȴû˳ǶȥǸһ㣬ֱӸ࣬ǰ֮޼䡣

˷ֱӾˡ

Ҳе¡

ӦҪ졣

ô𾪸ʲô
öˣѾˡ

Ȼϣûҡ

㲻ǡ˷ҡͷ㡭
Ѿˡ

˷˵Ѿˡʱž˲ֹҲһˡ

ܵĸȻһ䣺ǾͰҵװǰɡ

ǻˡ
һҸȼĻж˷ħԣķŭ

˷ǰûκҲ

Ǻִ



ԾɱĴħͷǰ޵СһĴ¼˵ദģʽЩ졣

ֻҪŷųݻҪֵϷ˵ġݻ˷ͷһԲϾͿ˵ɱɱɱ֣Ҳƽľദʱ

˵ڡ

ǰ·ϣΪºͶ˷սһΧյҵĲһ뻹ݵж棬Ұžž졣

ħͷҪʳѪ͹ˡ
ħУлҪԷġ

ԹԵڶ˷ϢĵطһŻƵö˷Ϊˮ䣬Ұɾʬڻ˿

˷ûߣˮϴҰʹ˷ƻƣһħͷɹˣһضŹƤҩƵŮޣĬãã̲סһ仰׳

ͰǺιϵ

ţҾеİ

ûõģ˷ŵġ
һ·ϣΪ˰ĽĶ˷߳ʹʧʹ࣬þֶ֤˼˽鶼ˣ˷͸ԻҩƵģ˵˵ǲš

֪͸Ƕ˷ԺаӲϲͬһԵɡڱ

Ҳˡ
ҪǶ˷ϳİˣֻҲ֮飬Ľķչתһδ֪ľء

Ҳٶѿࡣ
ֳһЦ˵ȻôˣҾ͸ɡ

εذһŵѣһҰҽģܻ졣

˷ȻŶһ

ţŶŶŶŶħͷ캰Ҫˣ˵ǰˣϣӲƳ˵ѡ

ˡѡһ˵󣬷˾档

ҵǣһΪ׽ʹӲڵڵĽˡ
һߴ˺ҧһ߲۽ǣǻЩ˸УǶ츳ƶ֮ˣǶҰӣҫ˵Լһĵ£츳κáʱͽһĽ

ʱţҪԼôĵ¸жáʵûеĻһ½ǵĵй޵ҲǼõġ

Ȼͣȶ˷Լᡣ

Ȼ᣺ȻѣҪæĵطҶ

ԡ棿

ֻʰաҶ֪޲ԣ޲

ûΪһ˳Ŀֶɾ裬ϾҪ̵ǶԸ˵İ취ıһҪǱô˵֪޲ˣֻܸһ֡





49.     ħͷСÿˡ

۵ļȥ, 䱳ĨǵգŽſڣ, ҸҵĺýһǸޡ

ޣûһ١ҪҵĶǸޣҲɱǸҪβԱ˶֣
ŹĨ˵һѻĺ˼ǣʵɡ㣬ȴ㣬ô

˷϶ˣ֪вôĵġޡָľ

û뵽ž͸ҵ棬˸Լûյ, ̶ԸԼİ취, ϵһ˲, ֶɱ, Ųʱ·֮ʱ, 䲻ؾǵ˴ħͷСÿˡ

룬д, һԼմˡŵĽǡĹ⡣
һʱ֮, еĽԼ

˷ķǸʩߡ

Ҳ, һ·ҲôģɳЧȴȡ

ţЧҴ򲻹һյĹ, ͱ׷ɱˡ
ÿÿ£Ż˾䣺ˡ

˷

˷Ĭáãһ仰伷˳ҵĽų, һǰ͸õˡ
Ǳ˼ǣɲ˿Լ㣬Ѿˡ

żװǺǸЦһǿǸ¡ϣԶӹһ١

˷üͷ𣬲⣺Ϊѣѵ𣿡

ס
̧̧ߣ˷ãȻܵħ֮Ĳ졣

ĬĬ˵롣

˵ƭ˵ġ
ʱܸɸɴԱԪ񣬺ҵغħͬھ飬ǣҡ

룬ǣ̫ˣϵ¡

Ĳµˣ

룬ҪִۻŲԸ⡣

ǶŶ˷˵Ҷҽǵ˽⣬˵ġ֪Ϊ˾Щ¡

ħĶ˷Ҳ˳ǣ¶һĨЦϾǿǣ֮⣬Ҫ֪飬ԭҡ
һҪ

ǻȥƵģҪҾͺҰɡ

ȻȻ̬ȣ·ֻҪŻҪǵҲʹʹЦ߽ȥ

ôܺ
޲ġ

㡣

ûܴĦߵ뷨˷ֻŵĻһ˳ڵİο

īͫ⣬е˼ȥֻصҪ״̬ɴħͷڿεġԸħͷСá

ȻǰŮ䶼ˣҲԳ˵ȷʵ򲻹ңֹңѰ

˷Ը޷

ŻڷŵУһ²Ӧ޲

˷ҿʶ

ŶЩӲģʩչġ¶˷ţžʵ֤Ҹֵɡ

䣬еһɶĹͷڽűߵҰĨɾͣģذڳƣκη޶Ҫ׼־䡣
Ҫǲ֪ʹһ򵥵ġκǰòʹĻ䣬⿴ƣֻǷ塣

˷Ҳôõġ
һʼ֪Ҫһ̣ɾͻȻѣ˷ƱɫĴ

ֱָһС硣
ָ״Сûиˡ

»ˡ


Ĭһ¡


ǵڶ¡

˷˱ò̫ˡ
;ԼˮƽֱͣȻʵŮ޲ôôá

ŬƽѹĹħϢһ߹ŲӼһ䣺㡭ȷʵ̫ʺ޷

ŵͷףȴͽ̵ĹѧӸС

ڶ˷һֻڵҡβ͵ųĴơ



˷˦ͷߣɿ˫۾һǰѵݣǿаԼһħͷʼ˼ڤΰһûʵû츳޶ԸԼ

ȻУǾ͵ÿˡ

ɨŽձһʱ뷨
ֲĵȻǰѣķҲ

˷ķһ

Ҫħ˫ϡ

ţȥɡһעġ

ħ
µֻ֪ҪԼһ춯ȥ޻ء

ħѹ붯ɰŵ׻ǲ鲻ԸشĻ
һ̲ˮձѸսסǰ۵Ľɫ£һţһźɫСӣ๾˵档

ħһߣŵϴʹϾ

µּħ˷
ȻԺͱֲҡɱ˷ʬֳĽ⡣

ħĪӣħͷ

˷ħֻűԴԼˡ

˻ᣬԼ˷ƺ˵

ħءҲɾˣǲˡ

ӡ

˷ⷨչ򡣡

ӦǣȻ˵ԹˣС

Ϊ㲻ħ֪Ҹϸϸ˵˵ɡ

Ȼ˷Ȼϸϸ˵

ֱ˷̵Ӧǲģѧ츳ޣޣֻһһһ룬Ѵħͷڷ˺üΣЪϢɽ㱻Ϊƽء

ħǰĶ˷ģһҹĵЦŸһؽ

ħ֮ȫι˹

Ҫ㲻Լ

Žŵ
룬ƷƷʣʹչҲֻɱˣȲˡ

˷Թµ򡣡

ţ
οΪһѧأ

һġ

ţ
ô˵أȫմԼĹ⣬ĽԼɡ



˷ġ
λŵѡķҪôʹôչֻħ򣬻Լ㣬ôֹ¸ˡ

ʵ˵ŵǴšħͷ㲻Ҳ⣬һʱ֮١

û뵽ô˳
ֻ˵ħȻħ˼άǸ˲ֻͬҪǺİմ˱ߵģ߶ԲҪ

û뵽ǣħ֮˼άͬ򣬶Ƕ˷ԼӵоԵţг޿֡

ڲ֮͵õ֤ʵ

ֻƾŵǰʵסһʱסһ
ôĥôҲã˵׻ǵţ

֮ǰڴħͷġдĶĽѧ£еĵһ򡱡
бħ򣬲Ϊɱ˶ģǶ˷Ϊ죬˵

ϡǵã˵һ̣˷֮ӡ
ģʣԼڸΪʲôΪԼ

ħ˳ڰο˾䣺ҪȪ֪Ļһǿĵġ

˷ˡ

û̫ãƵ˳š

ȡ֮ش֮ء
һ¥Ŷɵľ³£ֵҹʱ֣֮һƬ谵ΨƻͨƲ֣ס񹬡

ңңԴ޽ʿ˷㲻ܣֱݷɽƶȥ

ҲȡľϣŤŤظ

ǲģҲûлıҪϾ޽｣ޱߣȥܲϸ˳罣

ɵ˵Ľ磬û˳罣ˡ˵˳罣޶ûˣֻܿʼ

ѧʱյײ࣬ûһϢǧĶ˷Ტۣգ۵Ĺ˾ûӰˣڼȴϲϣںͷɽҪ

һˡ
˲Լ˵ľϣʱжΣӵķߺ䱸Ϯ

Բﾡĺ

˷

ɵһĶ˷ͻȻһִĳ嶯¹ɱɱŮޣץһ˵





50.     ڻĽҵ

սһ, ɱһޣˡ

һ

ʵ, δػȫûɾºʹħͷһսģңң֧ԮʿȫЩĴ־ģ֮⣬ֻôħͷڴˣٻ˼䡣

Ѫ֮УŶߵǰ΢ҲЪϢ
Ͷ˷Ѫսһ, ȸЩħս켸ҹҪۡ

Ϊ˷ûϿԶ, ˦˵ĸƨ, ȴû, һ°°ڣ, Զ

е⣬һۡ

ѪǱһͿֱ, ȥȸɾˬ, һ°۳ĳѳ, üĿʣħԲԵʱ򣬱ȫȫյ᯶

Ҳˡ
֪ǲŹԵ, 峿عУ˼֣վǻ, ƺʲôûеˡ

㶡
ȴ˷Ļ˼ʲô

˵ʮ˰վˣҲûܾһˡ

ŲܵЦЦ̹Ȼ˵زҪչֵĵط

Ĵ̹ĴħͷԤڼģתͷ˫΢УӴȣֻ뿴ţסҡ

ŴЦⷴ
ҡҡͷˡ

ס

Żȷţɺ͵ĽĶ˷ദһʱգġ

һס
˭̫ںİˡ

ţİˣ˵Ҳɱˣô죿

һʱ䶼Ҫ˷𣺡ɱͲɱֻҪܻôС

Ц۾ԺɣҾ˵

˷

ˡ

˷һסûзйֻǸԹԵ˵һĻŮƨɣվȻҪȥģ
ߴ٣ʱ䲻ˣϽɡ

˷
֪ĻΪ

Ųֻȥˡ
صȥ

սĽ磬ڣһĿġһҪڵĽ￴ʲô֪ʲôſϷؼҡ

ǰ
ؼҡ

ؼˡ

ؼҼǸѾһеĶ˷ˡ



һֱΪǰľͷǶ˷ɱķأԸԳذƵĲòͷ

ֱĳһգͻȻŮ֪Լ©ʲô

νأҪٵģֻһء
ص죬סˣĴڡ

ɡ
Щ˼ɡ

˷˼ݣ޽һţߴû޶ˡ

й򣬻档
Ľ˼߳ЩСС֣򳹳׵׵һ磬

ϾסͽЩõ֮ˣˣҪǵеһ̶ȣħҲɵǶ磬ǿ󣬾̧䷭츲زڻ¡
Ϊ򱻵߸ʿһ㣬¶档

˼ֵ֮ʱ̡

ƶϳ˼޶˷֣Ҫɱָ˼򣬻ƽ

ʵ̫ͻȻˣŸӦǵݣֻһ˲˲ԣĵ˾ͨʿǿڶ˷Ԥ½ӽǣһգۣǱ˷룬뿪ߡ

ȻֻңңأһԿš

ǸԲս
˵룬۾׷ǵĶЩˡ

ʱ꣬һᵽԼС
ҲǳʶҪΪǿгһգһҪսʤȺˡ

һֱȼŵĻյøˡ

һսϵسá
ܺϵսһһҹŰˣҲſ˶˷֮־

˴һһҹű㿴һһҹ˫ͨ죬Ѫ˿

Χ˷һȴģĵҪֻΨһԿ϶ǣ˷
򲻻һ⡣

˷ȷʵû׼ȷ˵޷ɱ

֪ȥڱɱ֮ǰ˷½

Ų֪ǽǺΣֻ֪ɣþֶͨζ˵ɱˣֶ

ԼһǶĵ˼ļһȻͻͬɴ˶˷

͸ʱһߵʱҲһסǵΣһ񣬾Ͳټ

ײײǴսս
ͨ˫ŵ϶˷µѪƵͶ·ȾۡڲҶ֮Ѫ˵

֪˷Ǹ˺ܶ໵µĴħͷҲ֪Ļ飬ǳͶƵһǰѹͷŭЯʹðһͷ

Ҫ
Щ۸˷ˣ˵ˣȫȥ

ű˱չ˫ۣٶ롣
ӽںڰžﲻɬ˿˿Ѫζ

죬˻ɤǰ֮أȥ

Ƭ̣Ψ紵޻

ֶ˵һ䣺һҪȥҶ˷

˻ᣬԺڴӦħͷӦѾ˽ˡ

ţ

ħ㡭Ǹط

˵ǵҲõҲգֻȥһˣ֮ˣſϰݡ
ʹȥҪȥĵطҲҪһһĥ취ֱĿģҵ˷Ϊֹ

ԣȻֻһ䣺ң

ħΣҲû취
ǳǶôһļһֻܰѴħͷڵظ

ڻĽҵ

ž;ˡ
ҪϵɽҲ»ҲգĽҵҪһ

ҪȥҵĽ硣

˼䵽Ľ磬˾֪ǴӵŽ룬޽类ħͷڵ߰㣬ŲֻѰ辶

ã֪ôһ辶

ǰ˼аԵķħЩǵĵͼħ֪Ҫߣ˼䣬޿ɴ˻Ľȥ

Ҫ˼ȥĽ磬˵ţ׵شϿȡ

Ͽȳһ˼䣬һͷһֱȥĽ磬ء
Ҳˣ׵شϿȣ˵ء

˼ռһأû

ǰһ˽ˮˮͻȻһͷӻĽ紳˼䣬ҡڵ˵Ȼ˵ˣˡ

׵شϿʮƫԶҲţȸŸյϢѾһѴϿȣռɽΪˡ
˵ҪռûסϾһħĳƺŻ˭һ˵Ѫͳ棬ʵڻĽŵͷţгɰǧĴġ޽ոʧãûԸԳ

Ϊ¿δᡣ
˼棬׵شϿȵԴҲôֻ࣬ôҲȻĽҪˣΪϵܿҪˣϿȾʱðɡ

㵽

׵شϿȵʱһ·
ҲܲЩħܰһͨĽĿ編ʡʱ䣬ʡ¡

ֱµħʵ̫٣ֱ׵شϿȽڸǰˣҲûϰ

˵عǡȡ
ȿ뵣ɫһһŵģǳǳŨŨɽĪĪǰ·֣ﻹŨصţģ߻ģֱǶɧӻ⣬Ѭˡ

˿صµĵطһ󣬲̧أϿ֮С

˲һյĹ˵һֻ

ǴʵԻΣòȴ¶ҰģҲһҪߴǿ׳СɽƵģѹС

·м䣬ŶȣŸݣϿխȫȫŵȥ·

ûһȥͿʼ
ϾħͬÿһԻ᷸¶У֮Ҳкġ

ͣ½ŲرȭŮޣȥĽ磬ͷ

ԣҰĴŵҰһ٣ʩһһۿ͸ľһ˦֡

衣






51.     ϿƶѪ

ǲܹġ
ŴҪȥĽ, ҪȥҶ˷׵شϿȱǴˡ

ϿĴ, ҪǲģǲĹͣల¡
ҪǷҪҲʹ죬Ǿֻܴһˣȭͷ¼£Ӯһϴ󣬲ǰ

֪ǵ, Ų, 仰û, һ̧, ˣҰ͵س˹ȥ, ֮ȥּ, ԭһ˲û, ֻʣһӰ

ʱСʿʹħͷѵѧ, ŵٶȱԭһ࣬Ͼһʼ֪һɱһɱΪٶȾΪ˹, 򲻹ˣñ˭졣

Զ䲻سڸǰŵҰ¶
Ϊ, 𷴻ǻ˹סϣڳһȭͷ֮ǰƾʵڼз֮һ䣺ʲô

Ÿʱ䣬ŲϻȻ֪Ϊʲôɵɵزץס˻ᣬһϹȭޱ졣

ڿתҰ

ʲô
ʲôôڷɣѵг̬𣿣ҪΪϵһֻʹ𣿣

ãȻţȻһһŰһ޼᲻ݵϡ

ҰŵòУڿŤת̬ͣܳȴŮ޳ϴȥԿǶðһʺţöӶȻһʹ
һʯĶϣŲܿصسײȥ

顪

̸ܣ
ӵĳӶҪ³ˣ

ձսսջֹ¶ƨɾײ˵أ۵Ӵһ˳
ȴŮ޵ŲĶӣֱ

Ұе𾪡
ûСŮˣôȸɽƵģӲǰѹڵȥ·ڰ

룬Ұͨˣյ࣬ӡȻΪ

űԩúĪûС

ߪʿôܴùң

ŻûħͿʼ磺ޣҼװǿ㲻ͶСָ£

Լ˶˷ɴܺűøǫˣԼλ÷ŵ൱֮ͣǴʱͬص˵ͷ˵ȷʵͦģù㣬Ϊһɡ

ɨҰĻԼȼĻԾбҪԼ𣺡ֻһã巢

ǲܽġ
˹ȥˣҪǱھƼˣ˵򲻹һˮƽŮޣֻЦΪʮĴЦ

ҪάϣҰòˡ
ص̬ʱȶŵǣƣζҲˡ

һڣȥһͷ

裬Ҫ򣡡

ĬĬȻʣ

Ұ
öô£ôһûעҪˣ

Ұﻢ£ֻӲͷƤһţ֮⣬൱ˬ˲ɣıģ

ţõġ

ȻûȻˡ

Ͷˡ

Ϊ˱ε÷Ұֻѧ˼ʳջСͷ·

Ұ㵹ˣҲûо̫˱淽ȷҰûпϿȥ

Ӱ𽥱ʧñ׵Ұ̲ס˵һ䣺֪׵شϿȳһһǧֻ

Ŷ˶٣Ųͣսһǧ˴ΣؾִܵĽˡ

˵⻰ıӰʧС

ԭֻҰڳ

ųţͻȻһѪ̵޵ľƭ

ߪʿ٣ôܴģģڵĦģҲôһѡ

ЩҩֵޱֱһƶϴˣûʲôУͿһ˫ǧĹӲȭͷ

ÿһĹӲ֮ƣ·Ҫ֮ϵľͷҰֲڵƤʹ˵һʹϼʹ

ĵʵֹˮƽ̫֮ߣûһɳһǶˡ
˼ҵһ磬߸ʮͻˣǧٲ

˵ףҪֻʱѡ

뵽ʱվҪиǿе޺ճҰеĽҡҡͷпͨͨƽƽһֱʹħͷ

ˣ
ҲҪʼܶˣ
ôŮڵϴ򣬳ɺͳҪŮ޸һ̤ǿ֮ϯѽܱ֮ȥ



֮ûɷȳħһ·չڵĴħͷڼ̴ŵֵϽ׵شϿֵţ֪ڻ򼴽ʲôѾ˵ڶˣȫڶԵսС

ᣬ塪ǳפ׵شϿȵĴձöͷһһԾԶ򿪵ĴҰȻ൱ˡ

ȻžȥӳִĽʱ䣬ħ˵˷ڻĽҵϺóһʱգصû˾Ͳˣ㿪ʼõķˡ

ֻա
õСؾѰòҵһȫʿҪһûģŻܴŻĺõطڣŲϵúҲлġ֮

һƬأõööɳ

˵ĴžáҸûб߼ʵľɡ



Ų֪Լ׵شϿȴ˶ãǴһͽȥһ
򲻵Ҳܣ취ƿǿУһӲƴƴȻֱԷķڷſڵҲó·Ϊֹ

֪ƣӺǰһޡ

ǰΪץʱǿ²ôƴȫΪȥ˷

֪ҵģֻ֪ڻĽĳһطÿһĽһ磬һ֡

ħʹҵҲı䲻ʲô

֪
ڹʲôıʲôҲ޷ıмȳʵ

ֻ֪Ϸˣ˶ѡ

ħ֪ˡôأֻѹأ

ôֻ֪ѡ

ħ
һɵӣ

ţ֪ʵü𣿡

ħϸĿڣһǿһ

Ÿ²Щʲôȴһֻˢһ´Ӳݴܵĸǰ
Ŀס⣬·ǲӣǰ˸ҫ۵С̫ǽճϿȵƶѪ𣿣

ֱüһ
һƶѪ˵ظˣ𶼼ȥ

²ࢼѪĿˣ̬ѺãǵģҪһ𣿡

ԷӦ֮ΪжֱѪһţҪһ̵ļƣ·ֻҪԵƶѪϿڷܵˡ

֮󡪡

ñ׵ѪѲգΪлɣ

ţ

ӹǿϻɫЦźһ뼦Ѫȥ˵ټ

Ÿоһ׵شϿȣѰȥģȥռ¡սƷȥġ

ʮΣЩǱŴ֮󣬳ڸлѪͶι崫ͳ˦һЩɧսƷ

űڽӴղãȴħȥһ̵

ÿһ۾ͻŷ֮࣬һ˵ɧζζӡ
ѬѬ˵㣬ȴƺһĿƣԽսƷ̵ö࣬ѹЧԽԡ

ɼ֮ϵΪã˵Ҫôá

֮ҪԽͽǰ°ɡ



һʮʮ٣һһٵϷ
ÿսʤһֻһΪҲһ㡣

˵һ㣬ʵֻһ㡣

ͺñŵһƬ󺣣ɴûˮÿսʤһǿУŻ콵һθ¶ͷ֪Ҫ²ܳɾһƬ

ŲΪܶҲĸǿѹƵսӯѾ֪ˣŴȭͷҲ˳˺ܶ࣬һ·ɵ

սʤھŰپʮֻ֮һ˳ĺӵͷˡ

Ͼӭսһǧֻ׼ȴûӭս׼





52.     Եҡ

ǰû, ֻƾʱӾͶǿϼдˡս񡱵ı־ɫ, ֪ǰȻ

ЩûڵͬأʵڣѩƤëΧסҪλͷģһɽҰҰŮˣǼⱬըһ

Ŷϻйɧζ

ʱ, ǰȥĽ·ϵҰŮ, ͬڴ, ͷ۾ɨ˸, ǵЦһ˵Ůޡ

žһֿ˵ζ, ·壬Ů, Ͳֵһᡣ
Ҳ˳˱˱Ů޸㵹ľŰپʮֻ

, ·硣
ڹľŰپʮŴս, ųʶʵ

ģĿǣ΢̧ӲòмŮ



ǵһεõֻӦ, ĬĬȻˬЦЦϿ, ˻ϤЦĴ޲ɪɪ˱֧Ŀֲʱ⡣

Ц֮ͶˣƤûգ£㶸ȻܵŸǰҪǻͨˣֻҪͣ

ϡ

ļ˲һ˲Ϊצϣײ𿪣ǿ磬쪾𴵷Ҷһɱ֮С

ڵʯ䡣
žһֲظһɶ࿴

һ㣬
˵⻰ĿǺһ֡ԵˡļӸС

еûԵᴽǣӦˡ
ӦŴ߶ȭһŽɫǣдɽֺ֮Ƴ˵˱ĵط

һָ¡

˵ڷڶεĽվԭһںŽ֣ζȴǸŨ

ڻĽչصģ˵һŮ׵شϿȴɱɱñѾڵǰʵ˳ԱӵĴǷ׷Ȼ򣬾ΥػΪžǰأһ֮ԴŮޡ

ûʧ

Щתܵħͬⲻܣؽһú͵ǰ粻ɫ

Ȥ
ʵȤ

ֻԼõѪҺ˷ڵף̲ס˫۷ǰŮޣʣҴ򣿡

䣬ȲŵĻش𣬶һݵǿϿֱ

Ũ̶ȼۿӣɽҰŮ˱˻ɢֲϢΣմڣѹȸ֮ĴǣǱŵüɹס±꼰㡣

һ
޶ãҲ˳ӵԺߴߴħģ̹Ȼԡ

һֻ̣𣬾ķ紵°ڷɣݶѡ

֮ǰŵҽһ˫ϥ΢ʷսƣһսȭһ

ĩˣЦ֮á

β䣬һһͬʱж

֮ʱ쫷һ飬ײʹǵ֮ͬ⵽ѣģһƬ棬ԭӰӡ

ⰻȻĹȵ״ֳ˹ͺʯأ峺Ϫˮˮʯ䣬ľӦԶȥֻܿصƻħҪٵϿȡ

һһûʲôУȫǿȭͷȥӲӲƴľǷӦ飬˭ٶȸǿܸԷֱһΪֹ

ŵľʤһͱȶԷԶˡ

ǵ潻棬ʱһãռϷ硣


ҪȥĽɣȥĽʲô

ºѹ﷭ӿѪסڵȭ磬˫ŲӦˡ

˵ˣȤĽ˵ȤĪǲˣħ

³һħ

ģ

ҵ

һϵĴ𰸡
Ŷһģֵܿһ˵ȥǸط

治ɫ㵽ҲҪһ

ǲ˵ܴĵط

˾Ӳͷ¡

ˣڱĿᣬľ͸һͷ鳣ú߾ͷۻһ

ˬЦ㵹ȤǸֻɦŪ˵ħȤˣ

Ŷ͵Ӧˡ

һȤһȤ·һȤˣʵһαһκݣͰᣬݲζκһȤ˻š

ǿƵĽ֮£ƣۼžҪС

Ҳ϶Լ
ⲻһȭֱӰ˴ҪǶʯͷˣŮ޳״ſ£þͶȴ֡˹ûóѣź֡

ֹһ
ÿΪԼҪӮˣŮ޾͸ѹ۵һ䣬ûϵļ

Ƶòˣ򲻹ҡ

һʱ죬һȭֱĨѪ鵭ǣҴ򲻹㡣

ô£

ǷűЦˣ˳һΪṩרҵŬŬҿܾͻᵹˡ

ΪǿʼŬһļϵؼǿ˹ƣÿһƴȫƱҪŮ޸ſΪֹ

Ȼһɱ˵ĴɱŵǲżȻŶԴ򣬼вУѰһᷴݲչֵ˼£ɸ߿һۡ
ħûۿÿˡ

ħӣʲôŬҪ군˰

űԹˮѵѵ侲һ㡣

ħ㶼챻˻Ҫ侲侲侲취Ƶа

𼱣롣

Ŭ롣
밡룬밡룬밡롭

ţ벻ȴŰɡ¼õģһбŷ

ħ
бŷٵһҪԽŷˣ

ò˵˵ŵһħǱҪࡣ

ħҪҪ·ɣ

ܡҲܲ

ħҲǡ
ԽԽԽԽ£㿪ʼ˵ǹ̹ܲãҪҪڣٷųħͷظǴħͷŮˡļ裡ʶĻͲҪǣʡñǱ׷ɱ

ħĻž;ǲס
ôòڵıǿ׿ˣáӡԳƵһΪ˰סǱ΢ϣͻȻеᡣ

ڲ̣ΪԼһ㣬ǵ뵽취ˡ

ʲô

ֽ׶εʵȷʵ򲻹

ǡ
ǹս

ֻһ˫ȭӵԼġΪ͸ӵħ

ɨϺͻأۣŵӹů⡣

˵һ֮ɡ

岻ݴǵԺ𣺡յǿҪʲôҾʲô

ħʵ̫ˬˣŲüԱסҲ𣿡

ħмС£һ룬ϱ㿴

Ц¡
תָ̧֣ſĶ׼





53.     ҪŴˡ

źȻֹ, ôһ£סˡ
ɫֱ̧, ĳֱضԼĵһӦǡҪСˡ

̽˸߶Ⱦ״̬һСľͱһŮ޸ɱ

ǣڹ飬ֻŮϵ̫࣬ȫ͸ǿҲС

һ뻹ڻصһһͣ, Զľңң, վڷ浱, ·ﳣֶָսΡʱʶĸ߳硣
ԶսĴҲ, ƾԺйճسĴ򶷳

ֻе֪, ֻڷѡ

˵ȣԼеɵ, ʵڵȲȥ̲ס˿ڣҪдо͸ϿŰ

ĬĬ, 𣺡Ŭ

ͦŬ, 治ӣٸһʱ䡣

һյʱȥ

ȻһƬš
һһңң·˵ܡԣɴ˫, һգգ´һ˲Ĵǣ·˵Ⱥ

ҲǷ, ˰̫Ѩʣ㵽ҪʲôУ

΢٣ŵֱһֱ־ţ𣺡˵Ͳˡ


ĴǿԸ𣿣鲻鶼ܳˣ

㲻ʲôħҲһͷˮ

ħǿʵ

ţʩչ򡣡

ħ
ħأ

ţ·ˡ

ħä·һ·ôԶ

ħԼڵӿʼʹ֮ǰǸħͷѧ𣿡

ţҪʩչĲǸһ


֪İŮ˵츳ǶôƶħĬһ¡


ֻŴħͷָ£Ҳ˺óһʱѧеĵһħĬ˵ڶ¡

Ĳ֪˵ʲôãֻһ䡰üһ˳

ȰȰţɵߵҰͻȻСΪоԼһŮ޶ˡ˺ˣˣõԡ룬עȫתƵͷҪΪŴø

ħҵҵظɻ֣ȡ

·͸Ǹ·ϵˣһֱŷеƣⲻ̬ӭս

ûзųøˡ

ŵĲูһǺɨײʮɿĴʯϣ£۶ˣħ̲ס

ħַ£ΪʲôҪ֣

ţоڸܸͣ˳ܳ

ħҪˡ
İŮѾƷˣɵˡ


˵Ǹͷ鳵Ĺ

ŵû裬Ҳɵ
ĺʩչһŽСɱħħӵе

ķţһֻɱΪħ

ײʱӭսħ֮ǰԵʱħֻɱħǿħ
Ҳǿÿ¡һϢ֮ɱǧˣʿ֮øǿ

ǿŻӮ

ӮڻӮ
ΪҪΪǿ

ǿζҪսʤˣǰ

ԣѡðһԡ

ļ֣͸ɵ죬һһ߾̾ҵ죬ȻִǸС

ûд𻰣⾿ǳ

Сİ˵ѡ˷ĸ˺ܶģоĻңŴ¸˽ħʩչԭ

žȻ

˵׵㣬ħһתվš̡ħܡžžžطųħ

ʧˡ
ȫҲ

Ǻã

ʱŵԺȻֳΪ˷ô̶̲굽˼˦һݾԼһֻħ͸˵ħҪɱˣݻв˳۵Ĵڣûи飬ֻΪ

ݾ󣬵ʱѾ뿴Ķ˷˶٣Ȼ̧ɨһۣȻ˵ȰòҪô

¶һĨƤĶţȴа֮еЦݣǸ룬ջ

Ҳزġ



žһԡ

Լ˶˷ĻΪġ
һġ

绻ˣŲҴƱɼȻԼĻűŲɡ

ԼǸʲôˡ
ޱʶԼҲһֱԼ

뵽ûκγɡ
˵ץԴֱӰ˵ʱ۾ʼɱħսһĻĻϸһ֡֡Źκһϸڡ

ڻһյɱħʲôı¾ǧˡ
ͼĦ뷨ľ

ţһֺľ磬ӽеĺڰֳɱħӰħšܰɣιιιǿôˣԽԽ/ʹҲʧˣ֪磬һ֪·붨״̬

ǹȥһ˲˺ܾá

ʱֻһͷ

һ̿ʼţҲɱħ

ʶع飬ֻڷʹеģѹ˸ͷԴﰴ

ſƤ³ӽУǴô̼񫣬ıʵе̬˶٣ſЦĻķ

ü
һúܷᣬ֮˲

ͷֳɱħչɱǧ˵֮ǰ˵һ仰

һǻ͵ߡ

ɫ˸ʮ㣬ֻĿ̾ó徻˲źá

滰ͬŵһѷع˴Լ
գ֮䣬һ֮ǰϢʱݲκεֿضȻ˸ò

һ˲Ļһ˲׹޵Ԩ
־ҳӯ硣

Ƿ֮Ҳû˶ľʯȻռ䣬ռžһźڣȻڰ֮УԼڡ

ǺڵϹ𣬶˵ҲûʲôǴʱһɨȥܵһп

Ǽɵ֮ǲɾűЩ
ֵֻ̫ɭ

ȥֻͷ­ءһһеڵ棬˵ģģħҲУһʣԴ򱻺ɫ˿ܵطһ
ˣȴ绹һи飬һЩһЩס˷Ͷ׶ߣ·ҪקԨ

ĵĳ˸
šüͷɨš

㡪

һ˶ʳָ촽ֲɫƽؾ

ħӦ֮ԣҪÿռعš

β£һѪžડһŵϣȻ˳ջȻ䣬ںڰУεɴ

Ѫ

Ѫ





54.  ʮ   㣬Ȼе˼

һвǷڵʯ¡

ûиܵʹ, յʺѪۣʶѪǴԼϵµ, ԼԴںǰһĨ廬

ڲҪĳ̶ȣڷŻ֮Ȼֵ˺ۡ

ħ֮УǾԵ
ҪʲôԲһͷ顣

ԼĲѪûк¡

һ߷ڱƵ÷ڱϴ˵ƣһ, ŵ൱, Ȼ˵ۿ㻹да, Ůޣ

˿ڸζ, üӵվֱӡӽɫֽһѵΣճ̶ȴֱŮޣ

ţ򡣡

ɱħ, ǡ򡱡
ɱ

ӹĳ̶ȡ޵ħϢ, ǲµ˴˴, ȷ, ֮࣬ǳɱľϲͺ棬˼ʣһôܹչ򣿡

ţɡ

췽ҹ̷鱻žáɡִˣİо

һɣ
ǵ۵Ů, ˦һ𰸶֮иԣ

̲סԼȤ

㣬Ȼе˼

ûбȵ㲨
Ȼƽ, ѿȫֶݣʲô⡣

ŵĴָھǰ˻ĻᣬֻһΡ

ʲŵĹҪźһ㣬˵ܵȻҲܸһػ

ûô

ôֻΪɱ
ȷħҲǶˣɱ

ֻӮսʹ죬սʤ˶ѡ

ŵĻЦ֮лû˸Ҷô˵

ЦţļҲˣиɻ۾͸ΣյϢ

û˸ҡ
ûڴʧոյ

ŵһ˲

᲻ûڣ֪֮ˡ

ʤǿ𣬳ŵжʹ˾׶Ϣ·ÿһ䶼ɱޱȡ

ڰиֳһʺɫ˿ߣͷβֻж϶ĺɫ߶Σ߽֯һ𣬷·֯һɺɫĴ޴ӡ

Ҳȷʵûӵ

ԣͫʱԺоǿҵΣÿһ졣
ٶȶӵ˱û˩סӵĺҲܿסֽŵĺû̫ãգȻһȦȦĺڰգһֻɱ

ϾֻҪдһ̣޵ؿȥ޴ӡ

ӽߵһ˲֮Ĳŭ𣬶Ƿ˫

ֱһ̣ԸܰƵϵţֵȫԸĶ֡

˾УȻսʹΪֹ

жŵԳ޷ĳ̶Ȼ
Ҳ⡪ԺýǣûŲ֪ʱ˸츸ĸĽã֮λҪչֳԼĳ⣬ͽ̹ԡ

ǣڰյһЦֲûӵħ̶ֳȾӮ𣿡

Ϊоеľһ𣿡

䣬˲һʱҲǴǣ޺ɫĺһζεشӿյ䣬ڰкǰͺ̣ȴһǿá

һһôãֱקֳΡ

ǡ
ڻĽ缫֮صİĿһ塣

ͱͨǴϲ٣Ӧʱıը⣬ε׳ǳһֻ۾ɫתתȥԴԶŵ}ˡ

һӡɹΣѪڣֱֱȥ
ɻû˾ͻȻûӰٲټʱһźŴһֱӵž͵ŵıϣһźߡ

ޣ

޳ˣŻһЩ״Ķһģʲôġ

ֻʳ֮ĵطǻգʹ̲֮סŻѪƤëѪȾ죬ʱ緢൭ȥ˼Ǳ

ȴ
ֱܷ˵ֻ

޺ֱ߰˳ߣַ˻𣬽ýԴȫѪĭʺӳĿʱȻҲȾѪȫţ·Ҫս첻ݡ

ŽĿУȴȻһƵᣬֶ˼ɱħϵɥ֮ɫ

׳Ƴֻ̧̧Ƥһ̾󣬻ԾںڰеĹɹɺЮ

۸ӵ򻨾вϱõ֮ŵĿͷתٻعֻĪ˺Щ˺ĺýҲѲԭأȲڰյĺ֮ϣӸµظ̾

ĺܳ

š
·ѾκλˣĿ죬սħȫֻšսսսκһݡ

⡣

ҪԵ㣬ôô򣬴˫ˣֳʤΪֹ

ڲ֪֮ʱе䵭˼֣ȻȼǵĻ磬ҪɾԭĴ



һһһƬڡܲʱŵս˲֪á


һȭҸһţúǼ飬Ѫ䡣

ҪѪ䡱ģ

Ѫ쭵òˣµġҪڵȶҲȴڵϴ򡢵ڿд֮Ǹֻʽ򣬻˾ʹսͷԺһʵӮˡ

ĺýѲƬ֮ǰ°ԴҲŲƨˡ

ǿ̫ˡ
ǿҲǿ

УǾԣе
ܴù

ʶýǵʵļӳ½ȣΪӮΪ˴ҪĿ

ۣġ
Ҫ򣬷жһɱġ

һѾԹˡ
ɱ˵ɱˣһٺݵġ

һֻҵġ

óΪҪ֮ǰЩħѾûˣ̸ҪģʵеΪ

ʹжǾӲģ
ƶľͲĳһԴȻҲȷеĿ꣬Ǿȫ

뵽͸ɣ

վ׮˵ѶȣĺýҲ¡Ե·þĽƣĵԽѪɡ

ˣԽԽ̼
͸һŵˮͬһԭ

첻

ƾʵԼ˳ÿëȾʱеѪóԸ

ؿ׷ƨɺţҵˣ
ȵ߾ֵ˹

䣬̧צ⡣

Ǳڵͷڵرóһ˿ѷ죬ͷĹкǰ·

ֻΪġ

ûע⵽ǣĺýڲԶƽ͵ؿںӣ·һĻԤϣ׼

ȷʵ׼ġ

ƣһС֮

ããȫ׵شϿȵľɫɵˣ㶵ţ

һֱ죬ĨѪƽ򡣡



Ҫƿ𣿵һΣĿɲôҵˡ



Ҿңƾƣ

Ͳˣ·ҰݣĶ






55.  һ   Ѫ

аˡ

, ֵٵ, һ֪ʲô򣬷һһûûˡû뵽ԼȻдżܴżܾͱ˵һ졣

ΪһսǸԼһսħĳƺţҲԣİõؽܡ
һñˡħѪŻˮȴûгһգŻһ, Լ

, ýһȭ˵, Ҫ, ȴ岻ʹ, ֻܱдţһֻǡ

ҲֻгڲܻһڴϢˡ
һڵѪŴ, һ㵶ŵӡ

ʱ, ֻһʿҲҲͨ, ڣֻҪ֡

ʱֵ֣ڵϲ, üͷһ壬˵Ǽ򡣡



һûд㵱ȥ, ҲҵĴϢȫƤʹë
ʹͷβĹ

Ľǣڻ֮ǰʵûסһ䣺㡭㡭ˣ

ſЦá
ԸĽȴһڱΪ潵ļӸС

ˣҲҪű

ٺȥҲĲ

ʵ˵濴ȥƵᣬʲô¶ûУʵʲˡ
ֻײҲ˵ҧҧ͹ȥˣŲҪ򣬻Ҫ

ֻ͸óŲסˡ
ӮԳȥˡ

ӮҲǳڹִ벩һͻơ

׵شϿһУžԼΪˮǴߣ͹ˣǷȱӲ
ŰپʮֻĥºĵطҲˡ

ֻһ

ԤУĻĵʯ
սʤͻǰĹؿǿǰһ󲽡

ԣΪӮûˣתķ취ȥȡֻһ˿
ûˣʹԸѪѹեж˷ﰵﱻͶι̫رֻҪֲиܿٳһġ

ôģ
һ·ͦģž飬þѧ

ߡһʣˢµġ
ǰóԼˣԽޱƣļޱԽ

ÿһ֮ޣܷµһƬء

ԼϡͿһ䡰㲻ˣ󣬾ںýǵϻǳǳЦݡ飬ﲻ԰Ρ

üһýͲԼˡ

˵˸ɵýһɣ˸ɵ˸׵ף

ⲻ
˳һĹ򣬾ƾʵƲΪ˵ˡ

һֱĥĥģýǵü¶֮⣬ߴվǼ

ϵǣһ

ţˣ˵⾢Ѿǻˣ򣬲Ļ䡣

һڵﾲѪˡ
ò˵ĶĺýǸʰ·硣

һŮޣܺս˿̣Ǻܲף˿̻ҪվսȥǸס
û뵽һϽŮΪǰ·

ķڷĽǿ䣬ġ

ҪԵԼҪԵֵһƬϣ

뵽Ȼ缦ѪඥѪ˾һ˵һ߸ߡ

֮𣺡Ǽ

ЦЦ

õġ
Ǽ



ս˲֪ãһһηʡĹ£վѪѪֵȥ

ֱΪһϺýõĽǣû䣬սһ̣Ｋ޵ļޣҲŲס˹ȥΪһĻ

µʱҲˣ֮ʤǿǰγƼ޶ѻ־ѲΪѧտѧķܷͼǿ

Ҳˣȷ޷֮ڽ⿪򣬻ص׵شϿȣƴľ·󷨺һŻ˹ȥ

ڳʧȥʶ֮ǰоԼһֻѾȵĵؽ硣

ˡ
ȫµľ硣

ţ޽ĴܣԱһԪĴˡ



һδսʱ£һֱӻ˺ü£Ҳع᳹˵ľʱ˯ʱҲ

ϻػ˯ʱǿθһΣһ£ֱʶˣҲǱסԼ͸

ʶӵʶűȷԼȷȷʵʵ̤ľ硣

ʶʿľ硣
ֻʵִһ̶ȲŻӵС򡱵ķħһʶĵҲǽһʿӭġ

ҪһЩô˵Ҳõкڣǰӵʶľ飬ʦͨҪٻ򣬱΢ǰһ㡣

ʿʶɿعѧô÷Ǿ͵ˡʱʹѱ˯ʱҲʱ

ʮʱ޼ϵˡ˵ľűˡ

ŵʶһƬ
ĺ

ˮƽ޲һƯʯһҶƼϡ
̲ݰںףʲôФȥȥҲһ

ȫʶеʱƳġ
оΣգҲħػűĴԼʶת޲һսҲŴл档

ѹʱûдսƣ򳤾ЩӲãʲôãˬģȺս֮ǰ˺ü߶ȡ


һ֮ȡ֮ЩֱֺӽûܻħϢ̻ңһԵĴǼ״žžƣΪкá

ã
ģ
ĺýǣ

ţ

ͣͦͻȻġ
һ˯һȻĪʼ忪ʼֵˡ

Ĵǿʼ͡

ȻŮĺýǣǾĺýǣ
ȻһŮޣǵѺùϵǾشһţС˱ŷɥհ

ţʲôţ

Ѫǣ





ͣƺܲܲҪ

ɱһֻֻô۾ţŻǰѾܾĻ˻ȥ
ŷ˴ǵĽ磬Ȼһʵ޻ĸɾˡ

һȦȻ׵شϿȣΪµķ󷨣ǶŲڻĵϡʬ˺ü£ʱΧһȦڻĵϣڿᡣ

ĴǶ죬ŵԺжǱĻ档
ȴ

أ

Ŷȹ˼Ѫ˵ԼǸ˾ͱչȥˡ
Ǻúд㣬˵Ըʲôհ졣

ŶŶлС
˵ˣúˬûôˬǰ㡣

ʾϿɡ

һսʤļƷʲôһ߶ȥ

Ȼ
ͿһŴѪӡ

ţ

ǿѪܵղǣҲǣħħܹһ˵Ҳûɵġһķ裬ػ˼ά֮⡣
ҲеΪģҪôһӣ׻ܲǰĿһ塣

ΣħԺеغšҸңҪҪԣŻ

лл

֮£ȷʵһҪǰæ

Ѫֻܿڣ

ҪȥĽҵ





56.     Һ㡣

ҵǻĽķ羰ʤ, ǡһΡıȥĿǻ˺öĴҲ֪ںδ

Ҳҿ׵شϿĴࡣ
ŰپʮŸ֪, һ֪ġ

˻Ľ磬ȥҵһС

д·ҲһڻĽ紫˵ġѪǡһŵĸڻĽ糩ͨ裬ħ޲ףüֱ˹

û̫˼ιǼڼѪʹҴҳˡ

ˣ·;Ϻ˰£ڵ֮صĻĽҵ

˵, , ΪʲôħҲ, Ҳ, Ǹ·Ĵ˵ȥǸط

ȷʵҵ

ΪӲĵط

֮˻Ľɫ, һĻߣȥǿ߽Ļɳ, ɫ, ˲, ûһĴ

˵طѰܵĵطţҲһ·ײײĿŵ
һĴڡ

øߴ, ճꪣֱͦͦվӻɳ֮Уͻأ

ҵ, ֮·ֻǲܴȥ
ֶ˵ȥɣˡ

л֮һ˫ȥ

һ·ţɼʹýˣҲ𹥻ֻ붨˰㣬һ·ûˡ

ֱֻ̧ȭ˽ʿȥҵͷλһ̡

߼ŵķСɽһʩһ
һһŶը죺֮ˣҵ

ҶҪȥ

Ȼֻһ䣺֮ˣҵ

ŷѡ
ҪӲֲ֪ﴳ

˷˷ħҲǴ򲻹
ҲûãڲɱĴڣһվ

Žħ취

ħû취İҪа취Ҳ˵ȥˡ
ĳظ˵ǿҲ֪ˣпֱײ˵ĵطġ

Բܱ˵ߣ룬Լôӡ񼫡֡
ȻԱ粻óģҲֻӲͷƤˡ

ţ



ڻĽаԵɱħ˺ܶ 

֮ˣҵ

żŬҲﰵ֡

֮ˣҵ


Ҳˣ

ʹвˡ

Ŷ˶񣬽ϣԼɱϡ

ǿ֪ձҵĴħͷ

˲񣬵ġ

Ž˵ǰε¡

ͬ㣬ﲻ





ɣŵǽһǳдʣң
ȻһؿڣһſϷƫޱ飬пһŮ˰

ħ
ػˡ󣺡
ػˡң

Ĭŷǳ̹ûаΣֱͦţù

˲飬ŵֱ׳
ϸϸһ룬ƺ߼ǿ˵ùȥǷС

ҵ֮ҵɵö޹ߣٰǡ

ǣѳζǵԼǰɹĻ£׼ͼӴһ£ֻһĹǰĳ˸

ããɳ٣Ȼһ˲˱ԭѩǵأ飬޷ƷУϣвƤ

΢ҵ

˿һۣ˵֮ˣһȥɡ

ҵΪ¼
˶ˣһҵź򡣿ŮʲôҲûϣ⼫˵ҲӰ첻ںûһ

ϸϸһƼŮƵ΢ʱ˶֮࣬һֱŵҲֳ˿˿ɫ

Ǹҵڻ

Ƶƹжöƶ֮ƣҵơ
Ůϻ۵ĸҵ˵Ǵ֮ˣССҲһıߡ

йε£˿
ӽʵʵ˵һǰĸҵ֪ǧΪףԸжֻתǧҲĲĸ

˲ô

뵽Ҫ˻ȥ
ͷȴѾûӰ

ս㣬׷ֻڤڤһӡԺ

ȥɡ

һݣ֮ףϹϾشǡ



Ϣ֮ſʼҶ˷
ҿ˾޴ʯ־ѩߣʼղӰֱżһҵĥħһʹ⣬̵ʶһŮҵ¡֪ԭﲻֻҵĵһ㡣

ҵм㣿

֪

žȭͷ

ħ˺üΡýý㡱ģҰɺý㣡ȻǴӵĲģĲ֪һжٲ㰡

ӣž˵ѡ
𰸵ҪҵԽ֮ˣԽڵײ㡣˷һĵطôֻФһңһطҵΪֹǡ

ʣôȥһ㣿

ýߣȥڶ·죡ģ

ħûˣУҵţĿȥ˵ڶ㡣

֮˫ġ
ϵĶҵ̫أȥһģһ·£û⵽谭

ڶ
û캮ضıѩ磬˴İطﱻҪܾ߲ĥ

ͬİ취źܿ촳˵㡣

ȻĲ㡢㡣



ʮһ㡢ʮ㡣



ʮ㡣



ڰʮ㡣

вҲһ·µ˵ھʮŲ㡣

ɾҪµһٲʱһڵʮ̣ȴں棬һ·˵ھʮŲħΪû취ٸȥˣԸ˻

㵽Ҫȥģ

ȥײ㡣

ħЦˣ֮˵㵹е˼
ҪȥĻϵĸҵҲסˣøЩһһ

ûзϣֻӰ˦֣޷

ħı󺰣֪ҵǧ㣿

㣬ʮ㣬ҵľͷҲȥˡ

䣬ӰӵھʮŲʧˣѱڴ˵صħһһ㶵ġ



ħû˵ѡ

˵һٲϵĸҵҲסˣжҵţͷһץȹﰾ󣬲غЩ̵˰ħһץĥɱ̫أʶĴڱὫˣ粽С
Ųһ·¡

ħҲ˵ˡ

ǧֻ֮࣬һš

Ϊҵ˶˷

һ㣬һ۾鵽˷ʱ۾Ӷڷᣬȴģ΢΢Цˡ

ô˵أ

ͣͦİɡ

ǲܲ˵أħšҪҪҪеУһž̤ҵ֮Уֱֱ˷ȥ

ǰºһӡ·ϻ·ͷͼԼȥôǱ

С
ҵ˿֮ʹ֪һ˿Ķ˷ʱȴ׵ء䲻̧ͷһ۾ޱҵв׽һĨӰ

΢㶣Ժ͵Сѡһ

ɢĿ¾۽һ˫Ϥȴİš˫һ޵۾ߡ

Է˵þòˡ
һٺҡ

𣿡

ֲشݸЦ˵Һ㡣





57.     ֱ

˷еŲֹһǱ

֪ʲô, ǵɽ̶Ѩȫһ飬ʲôĺۼ, ʣһ泯Ǹɾġ

Ӳ֪ҵתʶӦʲô֮ǰ˷Ƕˡ
д治Ϊȥҵ𣬲úɫ״Ļ㡣

ȲԼڲ֪ʲôʱ򣬶˷סˡ

ڸʲô
ΪʲôҪô

֮ʱסѵǰ촽⶯, ˵ʲô벻, ˵ʲôҵ˲, , ȻֿЦˣһѱס

˷ܿ, ס, ħϢһ˲, ҪɱǰŮ, ȴڸܵ˿˿ů˲䣬һйƽ

ҵҲǻӦȵģɱ޼ϵ˿ôҹ, ˷Ȼûǳǵ䣬Ǻ˹裬Ҫ, Ҳʹ

£ǰһٴһǧҪŪŮޱסʱܵůů͵Ҫᡣ
һʲôûеĴ󶴺Ȼͱˡ

˷ûбһʱȻԡ

˻ɤӣҪҡ

ųţ۸ˣϲԼȴҵ˿˷ҲδѹֳܷЩҡ

ˣ˷Ҳǵˣ˱ֶΣӪҵһ޿Ҫ֮࣬־ú裬ţûػסԼˡ

ڱ˲乻ˣɿľǶ˷һʹı顣
̲סꡱһЦ˳

Цˣ˷ĪҲЦסǣúܹ졣

ŷ쳣һɨһۣҪ죬ŵϵʲô۾ֱ

ţʲô

˷˳Ŀ⿴һۣµӦһ䣺ࡣ

ŵһģ

ҵġ

ԲţŮͽһǿаǿ˶˷½󣬷ĿĿ˸ÿĿ⿴һ˲ˣȴҧأʲô
һʣڳǴ͸ҵ𣿡

ôûһĹ㲻

˷һҵܳһȺĶҵŸϽͳ

ֹʹ

Ĭ¡
ʣʹ𣿡

ʹ

űҲźʹˡ

һʱû

ãȴƳĬĲţǶ˷

ſˣû뵽ǣѹӲˡ
ĪŻܣﶼԾ븧ƽüͷݲаġ

עӵǿŵתƵطȥ

ôôŤȻţ༰˵Ϊˡ

е£֪ΪʲôͻȻһ磬㶵ӦǣȻͣһܡ

Ӯˣ

Ӯˡ

Ȼְˡ

á

˷ϲ㡣

лл

˽Ŵ۵Сۡ

ôȥҲǰ취ŵֲס΢ŵȥۼҪʼܣ֪ѿڶˡ

˷㡭ôˣ

ţ㡣

ʲô

ˣȻ㡣

űѾñ˷ɱһľˣɸֹ߲ٵֱû

˷ֻضãҪ͸ĩ˲űĳһ仰



ûзϣΪҵȷʵǲ̫ģһ·ն˴ϿȻĽ磬˰ٲѰ

Ҳá



ˡ

֪ԼǸ˵С黰ˣ˵С黰ˣҲ̫˵˵˵ŶԷһı飬ǴʱҲûʲôڴ

˷ĻӦϣ߰ɡ
˵ƲĲ

ţȥģ

ȥ

ĬĬ
о˷ƺͦģͬһռҵҪ尾ӣˬӦаɡ

˵Ҫġ
˶˷һ㹻ˣˣȻ㲻ʡΪ˲Ҳһڳˡ

ŲŸת㱻ȶԭء
ףĿɨȥһħϢɵĺӰһ߿ҵķȣһҧס°ڲţǽãżֱϷ˺ѵ

ŲЦˡ
˷Դš˻ǱŵģȴǰͰ͵ģȥɿ

̽Ե˵ˣ



˳̧ӲҪߣ°ڲӦϡ
ҧ˸įӰһ˲һ˲֮ٽ͵ŵСȥӲŲߡ

ⳡ棬̲סЦ˳

ֱĶ˷ʵ̫ˡ
ͨö˷Ҳϳţɱܣƭ˵ġ

ЦˣĨĨ۽ǣ˵Уҹˡ

Ȼž

вһѶ˷һһ㶵ģûһֱýȴϢ仺

Ҳ֪ط˼֣㲻Ҫ𣿡

ţҳ;һ˲ףЪһᡣ

Ϊ룬˵ȣֻ˵Ϣɡ
ҲûȫЭ

˷ǱȥԶ㡣

ʲôЦЦҲͱһ£ġ

ŵ̹ףֵϷħͷҲô˵ĸоʵںܹ񫡣

أħͷûը

ִֻܹԶ㡣

ŴһƳĿз˶ߡ

ڿµĹҵ

Ƕ

õģղϵģ㲨ҡ

Ϊӡ֤Լԣȥԣ£ҵ֮У̩֮Ȼö˷ʹȥҵӰ첻֡

ţħµǶߵõҵǻɡ

ŰѹϵƲɾµʵҲȷʵˣ˷޷ȴͬ

˵ҵ˵ƶ˳˵ħ֮䡣

˷ţôһջᱻˮʵΣֻҪħ켣һﲻ⣬ֵǧ˿ʷ

ںЦ̾һˣֽ˵οң޹ءǰô˵ô˵֪㹻ˡ

ͬԹޡ
֮ˣȥɡ

һַͬ
ִμֺܵη

̫ˣ

˷ˣƴȰԶ㣬Ҫͬ۵ӣûסЦˡ
׼ŭǰϽ˻𣺡Һġ

ֻô򵥶ѣֻ㡪ָָ˷еȭ˴ԼĿڣҪұ㡣˭Ҫɱ㣬ҲһҪֻ֮࣬Ҳ

̯֣ʼ磬νЦˣȥأ

˷ǵһֵֹۣⷬ鸴ֹòˡ
գûȰǲ͵͵˵㣬ȴӲرĳ֣㡣

õģҡ

˵žʹյ˷һڡ

㡪

˵˶ҵġ



ڳһ˫һܰ





58.  /   ɱˣɱħ񡣡

ҵײôȥˡ
Ѷ˷, һֱ֪ģȫ

һȥֻƻĿռ, ϵҵ˿ҵҹҹԼµɱͷ

žԱ

ʱáŽǡݽŵĴãЩʵ޷ĸҲй¡ڼѶ˷˼ΣƺƴģһȻҵǲҪزסˡ
ÿʱ̣ܻмɵ˲ȵϵ, ֡

Ҳаʱ̡
ʱһǶ˷ĥʵܲ˵ʱ̡

ڵ, ۱ն, ս, ܶûѪɫ, ˡ
Դţɢҷ˿Զ, ܿ, ܿʱĿħ, Ҳܿû˷أʶš

һӦڡȴ˷˲, ûв֮ɫǸزĴħͷ
·ĥȥ˲һ



֮ʳѷǱҪ, ܻ
ҵϡŽȣѹեԼǹɾŸһʱղڻ¡

еҵš
˷Ҳˣϰըͱĥӡ

ȴСˡסˡ

֪һ졢ڼ죬δġСʿ䲻ͳŵߣһĶĵؾһ䡣

Ҫã

ûŵһøʴʣⲻҪҴ϶𣿡

СʿȻס

ˣоҲͦģ΢̾һ˸⡣

ɻã

βԼȥ

Сʿô˵ű֪ȥڼ

ڻȥ֮ǰƺЩ㲻һۼʹҵصˡ
˵Ľʱ١

ûиͶ˷𣬽ǻµ˲䣬ǰڿݵϷһúܿܿ졣

ȻʧĶ˷ûƳƿ죬ַһʧȥûǵĹңңһۣĻ־壬

˷һ裬Ͼ͵ѹ

֪˶ʱգ·ɶ˺ü췭ظһյˡ

Ҳûסˡ
ҵҲС

˷ҵһŲһ·ɱ˻Ľ硣

ػĽʱƼĽÿһ䣬ħ׷ΪӭµħȸԾֱƿָտɴ

û̫ãĽħʶµĴħͷǴħͷȴǵħ

ˡ
˷ʵԶħȴԶɲħ

Ϊɱħ
µħûеĴΪǵ죬̫ˡ

ֹɱħɱˣɱʿɱ



ѻĽ÷Ƹ󣬶˷˼䣬һƬȷѪ伣һʱա

ݵͣĳһգǽ˼ͻȻӭס
Ю˻֮ƣҹ쳹˼ʮޡ

һ˱ΪǾħͷñүƲˣϣǿ˹ȥ˳磬ɰȫп಻ֻܷһ¶⡣

ϵѵŽһأȴûиý

գʱǵİܹ

ЭˣʵûС

磬ûš

Ԫɢ֮ˣתʱգҲû취˸ת

ö˷ľ

ҵõ˴𰸣ȴϷ䣬ֿʼ
Ի

һһ顣

һһΡ

ֱ߸ԭ򣬸ıصķñԶزѳ׵ʧˣΪֹ

ӵеֻǰ
ɶ˷ȴתת¡

ôǰˮһʱ˵𺳣·궼ˣþ˵

㻹ɱ

ã˫Ŀֱֱע߷ϵһĨӰű˱ɬ˫ۣȻ֡

ɱˡ

ʱص

*

ĺһûл
ǿѹжĸУϵ𺳸þòܻ

ʶѻҷһʣµԼλ֮ΪһЩҵ˴𰸡

Ķ˷ΪڲĿ⿴

Żϴ󹦷ص˸ÿ춼ڻؿԼ·Ҳ
˵ˣ͵ȳһٶ֪֪ٹһ䰮ʵˡ

ͣо˷ǰ
Ҳʵ̫ˡ

ȥ߰룬пǱĿЦѵġ

˵΢΢һ𣬻عֻÿЦмϤʶ
ɢĿڴʱؾۣɨȥ

ľ˵Ҳ죬Ѱɽ֮
￴죬ŵζϤ

ɧҪǡ

۾ܿĶ̫٣űۣʶţںһξ֮Ⲷ׽һӰ

ǰܵһȺСʿ¶ݣп಻ں׷һӵб̬պҪ֪Բⳡ͸׷ŸҪСһ

ſЦãջʶǱ߸ȥ

ĸպãѵʿײ˸š
ųΪ֧ԮˣСֺµһ˲ŷˡ̫ˣþˣϲãٿϸһ㣬ǸԺѰŮޣʧҲֻһ˲㱻ȥ˵ɫȡ

ӲŮֵħˣٵǰСʦӹһ٣

Ȼ֪ǰСʦ˭ҵСʦã޽磬޽Сʦã

һ·񱼣ɤӶźٻرӪԮҪ

ǲ֪ӪӪˡ
ˡԮ֣оԼܵΣ˲ûܣøˡ

һͳ嵽ǰƵЦ˸ɼܵһɲͣ¡

Ȼܵǣһ𣿡


˭ǣ˭أ

ƹƣһɨţǰŮ޲Ƿ׷ŵǼСпȵģͻȻ˾Ƿ˴󱦱оϲ֮࣬ѪҺҲűù

ҴһܡҪǴùҾǣ

һмػĽǸһһǽе۵䴽һЦ

ţǿǡǵˡ

䣡
һһͬʱ˴ˣײһ



ְΣžеʧ

ҪǲħжӮ档

û뵽ѹжӮ⣬ôӮ⡣

ȵĽ磬ʱ磬ǰȻƺûпΪȻǿǿǸѺ۷ʱڵս˲֪ٸҹŶԴ򣬳Ծ˿

ǣŴµʿصӪ֧ԮغƼıڻĽаԵŮŲڽŵµһĻ

ʿĬ
ǾЩƣ۾ˮˣҲûиı䲻֪ͻȻð˵Ůް˶ʹʵ

ʣҪ˭

Ǹ

ĬĬ˽ʣΪϵǲǵþһ

Ӧõġ

顣
ԽǱᣬԽǳ죬׵šúãʹ죡Ҳ񱻻һͰѪǾ֪ƣԼĥ޾ݡ

Ųò˺֣ԭΣ֮󣬲ͣ

ûдһڣֻ

š





59.     Ǳȳ衣

šЩ졣
ȴǶ˷

Ϊ֮ǰ, ֻѡѡǾ, ͸һӽ˵ζġ
Ϊºֻģ˾Ķսʱ

˷ͷ˼
ѹѹתǴЦױȭ, ʾ𾴣

Ǻչŵշ졣

ʱ˿, ŵ, ȷ˰ֻڻĽ絽ҼܴŮڽ¡ƳԭεŮ, ֶ࿴ۣԼҲһʱƲǰľ, ľ𺳡

ʱֻǸ˵Сʿ
һ꣬˶֪ʱ, ǳɳ޽ǰͷһĵӻҪǰĵز, òľ𺳡

Ϊеˡ

յС, ̫ˡ

ᶨˡ
־ᣬ·οɽѣҲܴ֡

ǲɸпһ, ջࡣ

Ҳ˾á
ڣһʵ

ͷӦ, ɨһȺʿʣ˵ǻĽ磿

ǡ

ʱҲûй̫ã࣬Ľһһһˣø޽ĻĽ֮С

ƿ롣
ҡҡͷ˵ʧ֮󣬵ŵڶοˡ

Ѿ߸ͷ

뿪˼侹ѹꡣ

΢
⧲ʱȡѽڣȻ㲻Żֵ̿ͷǻɢ

˷֪ڶ˷䣿

˶٣͸ɫûشǻȥ˵



ű˱Ӫ

ı̸ܶһ·ǰкġʾõʿǣ֪Լʲôһ·Ĵ㣬Ԥ״

ңĵûз

ʧˡ

㶣ü𣬡ǡô£

ǰͿħһͬʧ󣬶նɱȫǵħŵӣȫǵķˣ֮ʧˡ

˵䣬Ҳ½Ϣһֱû˿Ѷ

˵쿴ŵĿ︲һɫ򣬿οʵףزµġ

ˡ
̸ֻܶǵΪ˷ʧٶʧ̬Ҫôͬ˵ǳ顣

ʵ˵һ㶼Ķ˷ĵˡ

£ûϢõϢ

˷Ļˣŵ۾Ц⣬ǣµġ

룬ֻҪ֪ˣò˶ã˷һġ

ķתһĵ¡

Ϊ޽˷Ľ֮Ϊ˶һɸոտ˿ȴֶӵܣŸɵռ˴ͷĿġ

ŵɻͷǣ޽˷ٶΪַħ𡣡

Ŷʱ䣬˾񣺡ϸϸ˵˵ô¡



Ŵڵ

Ŷ˷ʧ٣ռ˼ѵ˲ˣ˵֪ħ𼴽ʵѽϢ
ǰżȻһʿĽ磬ֱһɢɳΪĻĽ羹֮ƣϸһ֪ԭǰһɲ֪ǿ̲ʳؽĽİͼ¡

ոĽͼħħĴڣǿɲħ

ʿ󾪡
ص޽ҴҾѸŸɡΪˣ޽йؼжδᡣĽΪͳһ˻Ľħ˼䣬˴˷ַ֮С

žеħ磬̫ʶǸħ
ϵ϶˷ʧٵʱ㣬Ÿħ𡱵ݴпɡ

ôҲ޼£ȥħһ⣬֪ôˡ

£Ÿóģһ¡

ǰëβڰɨɨȥ죬Ȼʵ̲ס˵һֱΪһƥǡ

ǰ

ֿһβͼ⳯죬ø߸ߵģҡȥĴëβ͡

̲סһѣͺָ̫ãŵе㻯ˣ֣ͣ˳Эˡ

аɣ˵ԼǾǰɡ
ֻҪܒ˵ԼʨϻҲɡ

۾ŒԳǵǣż

ʬҰ⡱̫ãŲŰ˻ˣĽǸһһһǽеñ˭ȡ

ԽԽϲһע⣬Լһӣ˵ҪΪýǽ

ŵŽͣҲҪ۾

ίͰ͵ץˡ

ŵͷ۱Լһʱ鼱޶һɫëûпħ˼ڿˮ֪βͺ˵ĵطȥ

Ȼ㲻Ҫ۾ҾһרķŰɣ

Ŷʱ˲õԤС

ȻֻǿԴתţЦˡ
ſЦĪе̡

ҾáѪǡƺžͺܺãоô

Ĵβͺһ顣

룬žÿû˵ˣǷβͣһͽ˻ûгɴڻСǵ󾱣һ˵ɣǳȥһܡ˭Ӯ˭˵¡

ػ֮սļܣûܴɡ

Ÿ˱ӪãЩ

ֻѰ£ֻɨһ۾·ˡ
һɨȥȴһϤӰ

ǵġ

ĵһۣŲɸпһ֮ãټû취ٴ˵ҵǰ緢ɷ

Ҳʱˡ
Щܰĥöħ£һηϣǲ֪˶٣Ųһģһźá

ңңŵıܶΧסĳɻһɪɪţа̾һ̧Ľת˸򣬳Ǳȥ
߽ȺҲƮŵĶ

ǿռ˵ô꣬ô˼ռĶ
ãҲ֪жˡ

֮ˣӵ
Ƿ㣬ҲϿ㡣

˷ȫˣľúϢ
ܣȴҲ϶Ҳ֪ܵһΣҲܲһΡڵӰ£ԶԶ

뵽зҷҿڣֻԼӵеĶ֡

һ˲䣬ɨһĨӰ

ĵһӦ⣬û뵽ʱȻټ֮Ǹӻģ֪سĨԳĿЦ

ټΣЦģΧġʱʱһ仰Щһ

뷨Ÿո֣ıһǿֱӴϣڴһ

㶵̧ͷ־ȻǷ磬Ѱķ磬Ǳǿ硣
ҾǱķ磬絶ǹ꣬η

գ֮份ǿ֮ˣΪҪԼˡ
Ӳһ·ΧסȺ𿪣Ǵһͨһ

ⵥĿɿڴˣڳĲʿҲŵʵ𵽡

Ÿջһʱʿʶ
ʣǺˣ

ţܰýڵˡ

÷ǳƽǳı˵һȺ˵Ļ󣬵Ĳ䵽Լϡ

ǵԤ֮е䳰ȷ
ĺܶһȴҲһ

Ǹ޵ҧгݵĿɶʦĽװε𣿡

ûۿȥˣͷͷʹӡ

۸㲻֪ýͱôɵվű۸ҲǷˡ

֪Ϊʲô񶾵ﶼˣⷬ󣬵һ̾Ǿޡ





60.     ˡ

ľһֱûеı¡

Ҷ˵, ƫƫһƾͰڳ˵Ѫû, Ҫ֡

ľԼѪҲˡ
Ѿܾûˮһ͵˳ĵҲȫ˳ȥ

ţͻȻһǰԼһٿ

ʲôأôôܴù

úףܴȴһͷĥƽǡι˼צƴάʣġٵÿСޡ

һ٣ŲûЦ, ¶֮ɫ

ܺ, ȵľ仰

⻰, ڳ˶סˡ
ûзӦǸʲô, ʲôСȵľ仰ǵͣˡ

ͣ, ֱӱˡ

Ǹжˡ
ϲϻֽܶ, Ϳ, ʵڲ, Ͷ·ˣŻᶯ졣

Ǵ˿̣£ֱӶΧŵĵʿ˸, һ˸һȭͷ˭Ҳû¡

Ŀˡ
ʹǰŰʱ, ҲһԲϾͶִ˰

ƫžԼһûУ

ţѧû´۸ȥš

ģ
ģҾҪؽܷˡ

Ų⣺ȳڱϣ

ܡ

ģͬѳʦţ

⻰Ÿ󣺡ʦ㣬㻹ʲôģ
˽ȰľߣǧίԼ

ģ
ʿ

ڳ˵Ҳʮˣȴûһ˽ӵϻ

û֪Ϊ˴Ҷһý

ƣҪõıȥħǷַӵ£ʱÿɲֻǰ⼸ˡ

ǳȭͷһ

뵽Ÿ̹
ȶȭͷռķ·Ҳ

ֱ׳ģ˶ȼһŻ
ù򲻹ɢа˵

ɴŴţǹа𷴵ԽԽˡ

ġȻǿһȭͷͬһôġ

յ󣬰ճһңֻһ磬Ǵߴߡ

Ϊǿ˶۸ʲô𣿣
Ϊ

ѾˡҲſɻҵźģֻûʲôõڣأ˴á

㶣ͻȻסˣܾ㵵ӣüͷ°ͣ˵棬ӭ˵Ŀ⣬˵˳˼

ĩˣ˵ͷͬӦǵġ˵ȷʵûдȷʵ̫ãҾ͸Ǳͬһˡ

֪͸ģűſڵϵʿһϵǸλʦʦʦʦöԲסˡ

ʿ
ͣе⧲

ϣʤĻںͷ

ûз֮ʿͻȻֻÿһƵѹøֱǱ

²ǸʲôչȴһһǵطͬŪһãǵڿεѧǡ

ţ˵ķӽɡ

ˣ

ų֣˵ģǽίô˺㡣ǣǲԵģΥġ

ģ

ţ㲻뽲㽲

żʶԻ·ôͣ

̵ҪҲӲͷƤվ˳ӭ˵ߣʼԼѪᡣ

ǵȲӪ״ĳǴҴҸϵıǵһһʹߣǰһӵܣҡβ͵һðûھεĻ档

ǣ

ŸбֵĳǸˣҲûͣ¡
һʼǾеĪ߳ܵģɽŽţǴʲôأͣһֱ˵һֱ˵ĿడԹһԵȫ˳

˵֮һֱִĿڵɢ˲٣ҲΪЩúܾȫܽ˿ûг·ٿʵ˸ִĳЩѧ֣ܵһɳ졣

ԼԸŹԼ
һֱǿԼڿʹ֮С

ǰһͬģҲмӡ

бŵʦ֣ء

ʱڻᣬ˭Ҳܣǰ˭㺦ˣ

Ĳ˼˵ԼԼˣɨ۳ȫԼûڵڸԼȥ

ֻ۸ˡ
ŬܣҪס

ôһͿš
ɾϲغʦã

ؿžҪ˹ȥıʦþͲҪˣ

ҪҪģæ˻˵ߣףЦеɵⲻʦڻ̫˲ǣ

ŵҲ˼Ц⣬뿪ڣȴ˵һ仰ѹ˻ȥ

ԭֻʦͬǵһЩСĦλһˡ

ŵĿɨߡ

ֻһۣ֪˭ˡ
ֻ謷ֱһģӡġһ֪Ůһֱ˵ĵ

һۼⵥֱе㲻Ծȴ˵ϸȷ

ϸϸƷƷﲻԣŵעһӰȥˡ
ֻ˴Ҵҳ嵽˵ĵǰͷŭҪţֻѾһǰߵкȥˡ

ִˣǡ

謷
򵥴ĵӰſžͦģѵõѪҲôġ

һʱɸеꡣ
˵Ǳҵļ£Ҳʵڿ̫ȥ謷𱸵Ļ˵֮ǰŴû

˽ŵĻ
謷ߣֱۣı˳ϸ˵ʦɰ࣬жᣬһȫʦĴ

һڣ֪ûС
ò˵žֵȡúܺá룬ɵ͵˴̨ϷôӮ

ŵҪԿ謷ŭתԼ޹ʹҪŵģһسħͲˡ

ȴһΪŴ͡

ֻȻڵġŵѹȵһȫѪʿȿֺΪıѡ

ȷʵ£
ģ

ǰǹˣ֪ʲôа˵Щ˵ĻСʦԭǣ

벻ǻվΪ˵΢Ȼ

謷ǾȣȴԲţһɣġִˣ

ǺɣҲ㹻˵ġ
ľĿڵֻˣȻ񣬶һ׾ŵĴӵغͷ˳䣬˵˾䣺Ҳڴˣ߰ɡ

صͷŶۣʹŵˡ

ˣԾûмȥıҪˡ
ǳŵؿ˵һۺ󣬸뿪˵ĺŸƨɺ滹һͷҡβ͵Ů

˱Ӫغ˵ģŴĹ¡

ԼĪǰŵġ
ʱţ˵ҪѰףȺ謷һ˳ˡ

謷Ů

֮ʱұǱҵħ°ߣ謷λһͬɽٰ˻
һӤǵĵġ

ڶ೤ǵĳ谮жã˼Կ˶á

ֱһգżһŵʿϵϸϸѯһ󣬾ÿɣһ˵

֮Ĺ£֪޼ˡ

𵥴ĵӣȻⵥⳤ⣬ĵҲ⡣
ƾʦУʦѰɲҩһȥ謷˺͵ĵĻԼ͵һ

Լˡˣȫһ䱦ģŶǷҪٰ㳥һпеĵģ̣

Ҳȷʵû̡

֪ѲǴǰǸôֶᱻŻšܾǧ谮Сˡ

˶񶾵Ĵʡ
ԣ˵ħµĶϱ˻ŵʹģǸ

֮ŢػصزȣĸƵĵҪŲסˣǰһħˡ

룬֮ûߵһһΪʦ֣ء

ŵӡУǸ仰벻ֵĴˡ
̸𵥴ĵ£ӲϷ͵ɫҲָֻ֮ᣬܳΪĵıܷۣҲΪЩ۸֮һ¸ǽ

ϱӲͬ

Ⱳӣĵ߶һˡ
ֻһˣվߡ

ص͸ů⣬Żһ䣺ȻΪ֧ͲҪ׶ҡ

һգ㻤һա
һյɷ֮ǰҲ뿪벽ˡ

Цˡ

ͻȻ;޾Щְ



½ǰ˵µС
ĵַħʿûͶ̫ˮ˻Դ˷Ľ֮еĿΪҪ

ȥƻƻȥûжˣҪȭͷȥˡ

ǵˡ

ԽԽ֡

Ȳ˵׵ľ֣Ȼڴ֮С
治֪ǸʲôƷֵ֮ӣҪȶ˷ˣж̶ַܻ꣬ħĶ

۲ˣŻƺһֺı죬ýӽȫվǱߣͳһսߣΪ˵ûִ㣬ֱĺ꾫

Ҫ˵ʹʲôʵڿ

һ·ħǵ£ûгʲô¡
ŵעòǸֵֹŮϣصǰ


һʼϸϸȫս˻ˣȻʼſմԣ⡣

콲ÿˮˣ飬ʱסһ仰顣

ţźһ壬ħħͿˡ

ţõġ



Űʱ嵽ɨĸλϵģû뵽ս죬Ȼƾһ֮ɵǰλã

˵ıӰԽԽСԽԽԶҪԴܽоɫޱ䡣

죺ȡȵȡ

ѾˣͷֻǸħħʹĻûмѹ֪ںԼһ򰡳尡ɱġ

ôһ壬ͳ嵽ħǵ

űΪħħϤǸħֻǶ˷

߽Էǣһûħ

ʶʶ
һٴУȥŵòˡ

ľ֣ͣлҪʡ
Ϊħ˵ħԼԼܵ˴ħͷϢ

˷ħ֮ڡ

ţħ֮

ǡ

֪һж˷ʿ

⻰ħǣмһЦ˵ħʿô࣬ô֪һǽж˷ģ

ֱʶ˷
ƫҪӲȭͷᣬǲٷϻ֪֪ϸϸʸ



˵ħ֮Ī̫ʹ

̹˵ħ֮ʹħǵħ񶼲̫ʹ
һųȭͷͼŹˣһ߹һ˻šɶŮʵ̫ǿڵҴ򲻹㣬պսȫ̸оϷ

ֻħ֮оȽһ㡣

ս˼ʮغϣЪ

Ÿоʱѵٿˡ

һ顣
˷ģ

׹⣬ħԼҪٲ˵ԼҪˡ

ĵһľ˰ڽ˶˷䡣

ڡΡ

û̶ָһȭͷ

˵ô֪ģˣġ

۵ħү̫ԩ˰ûˣ

ҡҸ㻭ͼˣ



Ż˵ͼ֮ħ֮ˣ׷û׷ϣ㿪ʼȥε·

Ųôżһ㶼ϡ
һߴħһ·ȥ

̹˵һֱĶ˷Ľһкǳʶ˷жǿʵ͵˿԰ĸ߶ȣ磬ѹû˿˵

ǣŽŲصִħǵκڵ˷ŸħǽϣѪʱȫûзӦǰǲħµĻֻϴˡ

ɵ˷е̧ףʱŲ֪һвǻþǳ/ʵ

ʱŲϡˡ

뿪˽֮ǰ˵仰

һ
ǡ
Ҫˡ

Ҫˡ
ҪҪֻ־ܣûзر˺

һĻŻز
ƾʵ£кˣ

絶ʹģһʱ类ԭأҲ˵仰

Ÿħϣ˷ȴǲʹƵģضЦ˳

ſڣ˵֮ǰ̲סŻһѪһŵȥߣſ˾ںѪ

˵ˡ
ҵþˡ





61.     ħ

ĻĽ, ˵ȫȫ˷ѿˡ

ħǻĽ࣬Ľ, ȫħǷʩħħ֮ѿħǣɰУħһһȫٿء
ֻħҲѲ㡣

һŮޡ
ħˡ

ˣˡ

ΪһֱȥħֻΨհһѱ֮Ķ

˷Ǿмֿ
ħΪʱ޿̲Сźȥس, ȴһ, 뷽跨Ҫɱ

Ҳѹħ
Էȴ˵Ұҵ, ҶҪҲమ, Ҳҵİ⣬ֻҪܻ, ܰߣҾͺ֪ˡ

ͨ˴ǲħ뷨, ˷, ΪʱҲô롣
ûô, Ϊ̰һ㣬Ҫŵİ

Ϊ˲ԶȥߵòħһСĵز, ˷һֱСģŬ

Ļ˵һ, ҲΥԶֲʹʧΪʼҲû˺һˣħɱ˲١
ЩпвҪȥ˼˵ħȫɱˡ

ƿػĽҲΪ
һ˱ܻǧ£ȨҲȤ˵˼ѻĽУžħ֮սΪ̫ƽƴκΣգܶһʱ䣬

ˣ֪ŴȥĽʱû׷ȥѲֵͷȫε֮ĵ

Ľ鲼ĶĿ

ųڻĽ粻һʱ֪Ѷ

֪󲿶ַνħ𣬶˷̷ȥĳ嶯ǿԼħ

ûȥţΪңΪʱȻûɱһˣǸһ׮¡

̹˵˷Ҳ֪㲻ǻ£ǽһЩΪã˼䳣ȫǻºˡ

ħ䡣
ˣĬħ

ſܻΪºìܣʱһֱҪôأôŲ
뵽˸ӡ

ŵעȫϣעⲻǸѲˣȴҲħġŮޡ
Ҳãôã֮ʱٰչǧõǶʱգ顣

ԼԼħǵľٶ

һЩ֮ġ

ͱ˵ʿħǣǸŮͻȻǰһ

ħĿһֱϡ
ֻ֣ܳһܡǸһֱûץÿÿҪץ˱ΪһЩԵɺϸ˵ġħ֣˽ס

뷨ûг
ֻӵнεﾹžŸħǳ˽֪ˣ㣬ħһһ

Ҫ˵Ҫ˵ӹһ٣˷Ҳ
żȻҪǰңһЩȽϺáңҪ֪µĶõӦеĳͷԭҲ˵

Ҫ֪ż۵ûˣ˷ͬľ

*

˷ǲģƴħǱĲ״ŶȻѡ

𶯣

˷ͣ

һͣħѪڲˣŴĹ

侲һ£¼ע

ħţ֪Ĳࡣ
ֻ֪ħĶħ֮ͼħҿһǻҷʣ³ͼħ£ʵķħҲ¡˵һˣԶԶҪʼš

νħ˵ǶħĴɱ


ֻڴ˵йżôһŸ

뵽ò̫Ծ
ҪǰγҪĶӣ飬Ժ롣

һĭʶ˷Ҹô㣿

һŵҪʹҪ飬ö˷ľ֮࣬ȴҲ𵭵ů⡣

ºЦ⣬ҡҡͷ˵ðңԼҪǿȥ˾ͱһͺˡ

򴽣оЩͻȻʹԼһֻç򣬲ѧţʱ޲ߣʲôæﲻϡ

ҧҧף˿ռ䣬ûб

ؿŶ˷ҧغ󣬻ʼʹɫѰ׵øֽһħĵطѪ˳ħµĴ߳ѪȾɫۣҲеڵأ͵εˮۻһ

Ƕħ¶ħĺɫǱպһǿžѾʹ

϶Ǻʹġ
˷û

ɨ飬ͻȻͣ˶˻ᣬᶯ˶ǰʲôȥ󣬲ٿڡ

תȥ

ż֣û¡

˷¡
ַߣں˵˵תȥ

ֻܱȥ

Ƽתʱˮ뻺ܵ˷ÿЦĿ˵ŵȻٵڵҰˡ

˵ˣ

˷ˡ
ֻʹʵûѹסĵͺ߻űһ˳ȥ

䣺ˡ

żתȥһ˲ҧгݡ

ʲôãûкã

Ϊ˷а취γǾŸħ룬˷˵ġԼǲٱǽ϶ѣҿģȫ

˷һ̾ǰ󷭶˿еΪѣħҲβѲ

ΪѣҲȷʵѲȴƮƮģѣ⣬ûΪ˿յӡ
ھǺûǳ¶ˮõɣΪħڿյħ

յֻһ

ħ¶Ĳ֣ȥϰѽԪ״ж˿ӣ˷۵ӹЦ⡣
ûѪĲ֣ţȥûкһ㣿

ţúúúøƨĺã

ţҽܰħ𣿡

˷ܵģΪֱһħȥֻҪһŸ

˭
˭ܰħȡ

˵ҽޣŵһ뵽ҽɣڶԺֵ︡ģܰĳضﻹܼõҽʦ档
ҽʦҲǸħ˵ƽ϶˷ݡ

Ŀ꣬סˣҪظϣߣھͻţȥҽʦ㡣

ŸնͻȻ˿˿ԡ

ħǵ˺öˡ
ǰǶ˰Χˡ

ǿҵΣէȻԺд죬䡱ıըǽһУʿĹֶκ÷顣
ྡྷ򴩹۳Ƕδ㱻˷һӣޡ

̻ɢȥЩʿǴ˷Ϊַνħʿǣǵˮ©ؽͶ˷Χ

һǻֺںħͷȥħǱ֮أ





62.     ܻ¡

֪ǵΧ¶ȫʿ, ħŵķӦȶ˷һġ

һĵĽǶ˷̧ɰʿǵĹֶȫ˻ȥ, ȻűըĹ̳δȫɢȥ˵ߣæߣʱʩ½䡣

Сѣ˵Ͳ˷㡣

ŵĺݺ

ζû뵽˷ħݱ¶ĵһӦŹأҪ˷ǣ
֪, ȴħͷΪ, Ǵ

Ǵζƿ, ŵ˵ĸӡ

̳ɢȥ
˷ӰʿӰɼˡ

ʿֻж˷һ, УĲΪַħʿ, һźİŮޣվǰͷλ, 

ܼ, ֱֱָŶ˷, ڽŵҪˣʿָ֪ŵ˭

ħ֮
ħȴαװ˵ӣżڵĺպ˼, ƭˣˣ

Ůޱֱһһء
±ָԴ˵ǴħͷﱻŸħ, ŸɵʿΧţ˷Ҳһĵʹ̹ʵվԭأӭӣϲ㼱⡣

ţûеڶ¶ɫɫˡ

Ů޵ָ𣬶˷ֻеԩ
ԩ˵Ҳνž뱻ᡣ

ɤӣڳÿһ˵Ķǰʼ˵ɱˣ˶й

䣬ƵŲţװһƳŷӦ

Ų˵˷֣Դ˸

飬ֻǰһտʼġ

ʿǰ֮ǰɺˣ

˷Ҳɱ

˱û̸ˡ

䣬սһ

ĵŶ˷ֱϮ̲СǶ汾µģЯգΪŻľģҪǰƭ޽µĴħͷ͹鳾

˷СӦ
ַħʿвܣƽֻһС񼯽һȺЩ֡

ԴһӣδѪ֮䣬ͼ֮ϣʱӰεض𣬰̶У˵궼Ǽս

վȶģħסǳ£

˷ЦЦȻܻһħͷħҺΣֻһˣԸӡ

˷ӦǰߵĻʵȴڰаţģżҪΪ档

Ϊ֤ǰȺܰͨħɱǧٴεʿУԼ첻вΪſģ˷ŬͼħǣҲһŻ뿪˵ء

ǰսžúܻ
֪ħսȷѪģʬҰ

˵ʬˣѪûмһΡ

ôһεѪֻʿʿģҪȻǴӶ˷ϵġ

µʱ̣Ⱥó汾ҪʿΧ˷Ȼ᳹˶ŵԣûɱһˣûһˡ
һɵӡ

Ǹø˵ġ
˷ĻĳŵñʲôҪأԼء

ίʵ˲

˸жֻʣܡ

˷ҪˣɲΪ˿

ôŬôŬУҲֻΪ˹᳹С޹˵ĵģΪܴǧ˵ﻤס

뵽ֻһֱĬԼǸһվţŶ˷һѪƴŬ
ʲôŮˣ

ſȥˡ

Ǻݺǰһ
ֺ֮ŷ

˷鵽Ķ𡪡

û˵ͱϡ

ֻĿᶨע˵Ҳ¡
Ҳ±֪Ϊ顣ҲһյĴ㣬㲻ҵǡ

Ļ˶˷µĽθһһֳýʿϿ˶ߡ
ϳݣȵúϲ£죬ҲŶ˽ࡣ

һ㲻ţֻŶ˷ɱˣɡ

ɵż˰̧εħˡ˷ɡ

˷һ˲
˲䣬ȵ˳ŵָй˷ѵķʽסʿǵĽ졣

ɵԴתĿ¾ڶ˷ʱֻ˵֡

˵ҲҪ

벻Ȼܾʶؾɵɵһ䣺㣬ʲôҪ

ҲҪ
˵˲˾Ͳˡ

żˣֲɱǣ
˵⻰ʱžƺе㲻̫ԾǣоħƵġ

˷ҡҡͷȻ֣ҪȡǵΣҲǡ

ˡ
ֻͷת򣺡Ρ㵽˵ʲô

˷ͫӳճŵģ
е漴ŻҲ´磬浴ᡣ

ôνǰֵûĿ¡ܶͷŵˡҲزأ˼˾Ҫ׷źɱ
ԣҪȡʿ޽Σ㱻ۡ

˷ԴħͷƺŵħȡʿΣ췽ҹ̷ġ
ΪǺѵ飬ҪһʼŬҲãֻҪȥ˵һܻһ漣ܱɿܡ

뵽˷ЦȻȻؾ͵ߡ

ܻ¡

ΪˣһƴһС

Ѿ֪붫˷طԺ󣬵ڼ˵ˡ
㶵ؿЦգ𺳻Ǹж۾̣ͷɬֱޡ

˷ʵΪ̫ࡣ

룬£Ųϵڶˡ

ٸн֮ʣһ·صĺסˡ

š

ŵĶһ˲ŽԼȥ


Ӧ

ôǣħ˵ʲôҪֻẦ㣡

˷ҲѹߣɫȰȥɡ֮ҷ

ŻعʿһУһ׸ɾˣħͷΪ飬˷ҲõĽˡ

ǣõģһҪġ

źܸлһֱʱԸΪվðŵ˵ķգ֪Լһˡ

֪һжжѡ
ˣԸζ˷һˡһҵô꣬Կô꣬߷˲֪꣬Ѿˡ

һ·
·ôߣôۣҲûЪ


Ҳȥˡ

ûеڶ˻ȥ
Ҳݲˡ

뵽䴽Цһ˲ֱͦţشӶ˷վ˳ڶʿ棬һ䡰ллԺ󣬽ˬ˵仰

Һ֪ħˡ

ȫκһ˶ܺңΨẦҡ





63.     ƾ޵ǿ

Ŵһ, ¶Ȼѻȸ

СһվǴħͷĸǰǲ˭ܰ, ظλãʿ졢ųͬ顣
ΪòѰصĵѳ޽ףһҲδһգ㱻ħϴԣҲزˡ

ϣ졣

ħʱķӦһġ
߶մ˱ߣǸ

һ˲ŭڣľۣѪҺȫ嵽Դ, ǻա
, ŭɶš

ȷʵе˵ġ

˵Ҳŵüͷһ
ŵ, , ⸱Ҫ̵ģֻʶҪİȾӡ

վסˡ
˫ֱȭӦ

ûͽ, ׼ҷ

룬˸ƺ壿

ƲʦŹϵ, ĸ, һ庰쾭塣

, ͵һ˫ĿǷ죬֪ǲСʱĻ䣬Ŀħб˼, ܿţֱָ˷

նħͷѵ㣡

˵ôĽ, أ͸ò˵Ƶģ·ֻƾҲܽħնһΪ

챾˸˻Զħǰ·˶˷Ʋɵһ·ϵϰһʱ֮ĹӰֻ̣Ҫһգ۾ȡ´ħͷԴ

һӰ˾ĵ˶˷ǰ

һݣӭȥ
Ŷ˷˰벽ļ϶֮䣬ͽֽħһ֮࣬ǰƵ

ҪըʵȴϹ۾ûӡһҪŸħͷ
뵽⣬ǻ𲻴һɸֵŭ𣺡ţ

ϣܽǰħͷƻ˵Сħ

ŵףûаɣ֪о򡣡

ľǣҲð벽

䣬翪һͨͨվû㻨ơ
ȴһɽ

ɱҡϰ֡
ɱԽȥ벽

ţ뱩ŭ죬Ҳɶһ
ôһ㱻һͬǰʿˡ

ܳ嵽ǰĶǺħ޵Ҫģ޽ĺӾȻΪ˴ħͷߵزһһø

˵ͽ
ϻʹħͷһͬ±ǡʹһپ֪ǷǶԴˡ

ӭǡ

˫սԽǺŴȺϳǱԽǲ̾ϧ˿ϧˡѵһġšôħͷɱǡ

̲סһȰȰħ޽ڵУֻƾһҪסħʿֱ룬֣ͷǰ

û˵ˣȻôױȰġ

һſĵӡŵ˱顣

ǣһĨЦ

ŲǸԴˣʱǫһͷԽ
һЦʣµҲǴţ¾⣬ûӰ˰֣谭˰֡

һҪӭǧʿ
ƾʲô

ü۷֮ۡ

ƾ޵ǿ
νǿһаٵǧһеĴڡ

ʹ⣺

治ɫԱ֪

䣡纣ˮһӿħܰѾΪű
ֺһֻħϿյǱɢһû״ˮ飬Ȼ¡

ɻ𾪣ضȻһò

һĻǰͻȻ׹һƬڰ
۾˹ȴ֮Уͷк

֮ʿľޱȾСģźͷĶ˷ҲɲĿеȡ

չ

ѲǵаᷨչĶˡ
俪ȴɱˣסǰʿЩϻ޽صţȥҽʦ˷ˣ޷ӰγҪħһУպ˵

ġ
Ǻ裬ʿǵţ췭ظ

ǰͫ˱һ㡣

˶񣬷⡭Īɱħ򣿡

Źɱħ
֪ģޱͷ֮Ũʺɱȫһ޵ġ

ֳˡ

ͨħ򣬳ĲȦذɲҲǷԲһȫǣɸɾشӴг˸С磬׸ߣһ˿϶©

ǶǣƷǶǡ
֮²ʵ

Ÿ𰸣ǣ˴򡣡
ȴɱħģҵġ

죺㡭Ҳħˣ

ûС

Ʋȵʱͼ򿪿֮ţʵĶ˷
عͷ˵Ϊֹɱ˶ѧģȺܻͦʹġ

죺ʧ꣬㾿ȥ˺δ

ЦЦȥ˵ĽһˣǰδҵҪĵҲԼġ

ϵںͷˡ

˸СԳ˵ˣ屣ء

Ȼűˡ
ǣŶ˷֣һ̤ͬѿյţ޽Ŀǰ˵Ĳӵ£ɡߵˡ

һߣɢػָԭһ뻹ںͷ˺ʿһһ㶵ġ

ļ򣬿̾ӣ˲á

ɫһһҪգǶ˻ȥ

һ˳Ӧǣȷʵ˲õġ

˷ַħ֮УҪķ֮һ֮һս׼

ɷȥ

ǺƵһУ˵˶ˣ˻Ҳʵڼ
б̧ΡȥʿɵһҴҴӳܻһãȻͷԡ

շĽĴħͷȷʵǿС
ϸһ룬ܽǴħͷСޣоʤһﰡ



ħͷġСޡص˼䡣

տ磬ֻȻʧУҸоԼʲô

ǵġ
ȷʵʲô

˷ҪҪҪѰٻȥһ˱ǡ

ǻȥҲûˡ
ΪĶǻƶģƶ»ĳҹҹ˵ҪһͷѪĳħסˡ

˷ô˵Ҳе㳹װĳдǶߡ֮Ժˡ

ȫϵ˶˷ϡ

𼱻ǵذγһֱͨģȷɽղȥԶ˷֡

ţߣǻûץʱš

˷ҡҡͷĽʿҲзӺ˼磬񡭡ֻ֪ǱΪˡ
ǱΪ顱ǸʣܺŽһ飬˷õͦġ

ǣסŵ֣ȴקһֱӰȦڻ
ĩںһµı£ЦԣϷֻҪǴӡ

ţ˵ʲôӡҰɰӡ

˷Цǲϡ

Ҿȥ
ôûˣֱЩĵĴɱɱռȥʱ䡣׽磬ȥż





64.  ʮ   ޽кС

˵šżֻж˷, Ǻܼġ

˷濴ȥûƵģ߻һֱЦ, ûǣоöħѪʱ޿̲ĥ
۶˷ܾܿ࣬ñʲôҪĹŴ󿳵׷ǡ

Ľûħġ
ܰħĴɱôǡɡڶ˷ϣҪ˵ڴôŵġ

Ҫɱ˷
ɱɡ

һ뵽ڰ̽űס
ԵĻ, ϣ̳߰˶Գ, ȻŶ˷ڼ¾ͷɵ, ҵҽʦ, Ͽεħָõ״̬


Ҳֲ˷

һִ, ˿ѪֻԸ, ׽, ȥš

ڴӦ˷Ǹ˲, ƴԵ˶ʱվֱˣƼ֮Цùɣȥ⿪ĵ, Ż˵һ٣һ޽дС·ļӸС

ţ
ʲô߰ģ



׽磬ȥĳ
ŽӴһЩ, ȥׯ뻻·Щαװ

ѵŵĵۣϷ˴ĴֲٰΪڸž׽ˣ˵Ĵܡ֮ɣֻܻЦһѹš
˵ŮǱͷˡ

˷е鷳ˡ

ɳҲ飬䵽εضġ
˵鲼ڱȥ˹ԣ·һϷֱӽ˺üΣޣʼƷ

ׯϰ￴һĽ˵Ӵ濡²ɡ

ǰʱ򣬻ΪǸҪһ˵ֻǰεƣͷֱʧˡ

ţǵģǵɣǵħͷ

пԵӱ˷ȥ
֪ЩʲôȴƫҪ𣿡

񡣡˵ĳȻҪģдʣ·ʵˣ˷ɡ

Ų๵Ŀʹ˷̿
һЦׯϰԵ߻أ˵·ҪǮ˶ˣԱߵĲׯϰһƣȴҿ

ǰҪĴħͷûʹʲôЦһЦԻ˵־ȻӲܡ

죬̲סʣҪҪһɴ

˷
һǶЦЦζŵû뵽ҵռôǿ

Ǹ̾˵ģ˷ȥǻϲ޲Ŷռǿһ㣬ҪһطϦԲźá

Ҳ˲ɴһǳЦˣ˼ҪʰŮӵɴ˳ӦаɡǾɰɡ

ɴĿ⻬ɴԶʱ΢΢ͣͣ

ׯϰʱʶǸ̻
Ѿ˰·ȥˣÿʲôظ

ɫӣʼ͹Ǻ۹⣬ȻǸׯȴЩΡ˵ǴӽõĻ˵ãǿֱ꣬ϵŮǶȥݹˡ

ŸƹĿӣǲ򡣡
˶˷ɴ˻ȥգգۣС˵˾䡰ֻǿЦѡȻͳ˵·㹻ˡ

Ÿӵֱ˷ţ˻ȥ

Ҫ򡣡ܼ֡
泯첻ʩŸеϧźˡǰܾðôÿҲû̫ġлᣬܲٴ

Сһ䣺ûǮˣǻҪȥ

Ǯ

˵꣬Ϸһһӡ

ſǶӣĿֱⷢһʱ֮䲻˷·ֱǮ

ţ۷
ţǲ۸ˡ

˷ӻ󡣡

ģ

ħ鲿ɵġ

ȷʵǱӻҪġ
˵ˣϹ۸񶼶޼֮

Ұɡ

ţ

Ĳĵֻ̾˵ħͷʵɶ񣬷ǳ㣬Ҽá
ֱĸоһգͬˣˡ

˷Ҫ档
ϸϰϸϸЩеĿʽЩʺһˣǷſԴ˫ۿŵһаس

ٻʱ򣬷Ѿ˾ǰӡ

˷վҪΡ֡ӣžȣ𣿡

Աߵϰʹ˿䶫˷Ǹţһѧͻᣡ

Ǳϰ߶߶šҼϹ鶼ѧỹҺüͷ̵ʹˡ߶˷⿪ϹŪһסͷط˿Ȼɢڼ磬ȴСĵΪ
³ˣҲֻһ£ұᲦһ£ϲֹƬĺ

˷ˡ

Ŵӻ㱵ѳ

м

ûΪͼʡµβ裬ķһһ룬Ĳббزҡ
˵Ǹʲôʽֻúܺÿ׹СӴİڶó૚֮

ûĴһʱеִ٣еʣ̲סҪһԴҡΣԣ۹ʡ

˷ӶЦ

ŸоЦȤˣסСЩź˵⡭Щ㡣

ô᲻㣿˷סż򣬲ԼĽ
֣ˣɿ޷ϸظ˵һ·żƵȥٻһЩҲûġ

˼ǰһ̾ҼǵǰҲܲԭԭ򣬻Ϊ㲻ϲ

ֻҪǶ˷ĶŶϲġ
ǰ˷Ҳ˼Ӷ׹ŮҵСϲȴûֻںš

ֻΪ᲻á
һˣ첻ȥܣʹ޵֮ǰÿҲҪջι㣬ĶǴֻҪǲСŪˣʹҪ

˾µıǡ˷һۿ룬ϰ˵ŮμͬͬгһܰҾȥεĹﶩÿ¿Ļ

ĩˣ΢΢òã

ȱϢЩӲתͷֱֱֻžӡ
ӾƼԼҲ˷ĿⲻԾ㱻ȥߣʶӦ˸֡

ſеЦˡ
˿˿ĺȦȦ

ϲ𣿡

ž͸ƻƵģշ֮࣬ҲŲܿصȫ˳ȥ

𣺡ϲ

ϲһϲӣ

ϲӸϲ㡣

˵Цˡ
ݸЦҸˡ

˿ġ





65.  һ   ճ

ŰѶ˷ÿĵس˲ׯ, ҲĴҡӡͷļܡ
, úúõȹҲŻˣʵظҲĳȹ

˲ׯžԼ·ˣô߶ǱŤƲһҪࡣ

Ƕ˷ģ׻֪ʡҲοнģ̲סЦǵ·
һղס, Ǵһĸ˼Ůҡ

յźݵһۡ

˷, ֹЦ, ظǸ, ˴Ҳԡ

һ

û˷ЦŲ˾䡰ÿ, һΡ

ŷ˸ٺҡжÿ

µһÿ

⻰һ͸оƭˡ

ƭ˵Ļܺ˿ġ

֪ԼÿƯʲôⱲӶմϱ, ʵҲνÿÿ, ¸ûʲô򲻳ڵò䲻˵Ŀ, شԼӡ˴룬һ°ˡ

˷ܿľͺá

ˣſˡ

ⲻ, 룬ջͳǻ̲ס, ȥȤ

ţҰµһλˣô죿

˷ҲǸˣҲʱ΢̾һЩί˵û취ȻһǰĻôҲˣֻӵڶˡ

䲻̫ҪĻһ˵˶һۣûסЦˡ



Ҳȫɿʱ

˴Ӳׯż·Ѱ˸ľƼҳԷ
˷ˣ˷˵ҪȥѰþˡ¥꣬ˡ

ߵʱʲôĶȻҲûж롣
ƻŲԡ

;Ѱȥģ˳ȥ͵͵˿Ѫ
ֹܻһڡ

ʵ˵ûʲô֤֤
ʲôģȥľʲôģģϰ㲡֮ɫҲŲһѪζ

ƶֻŮ˵ֱ
Ů˵ֱץ͵ȳ죬ֱץûб͵͵Ѫ

£ƾֱԼץ˸ţųбϲҡҲͣˣֱضŶ˷ûʲô飬һġ

һڣ˷ˣֱʵ

˷ڡ

ԣŵʱü죬û˵ȴȥˣϻȺķһڣҪʲôطϡ

˲վ㱻ᳶס

ڴ߳ϵĶ˷קס
ȥо¥ʴԼģֲƣһʱֻ֮˸µġʲôνңɢɡ


ЦЦһľƣҪ˷ˡ

ŲϣȻһ

Ҫͷţӣ˷ЦɿŲֹȻذѵõСھƱοƺˮƮľƱƿŸǰ˵üһھƣͲˡ

㲻

ţһ

˶Ƭ̡
Ƭ֮Эˣݺݵص˶˷һۣƹСƱûǾƺ͹๾൱š

޺Ⱦƶ۽ģССһƱƲ˭

๾˺üڣǧŸûˣ³ھһƨ˱λá

ǸЦˣܻ⣿ùһЩ
ʵĲʹ

˷û
֪ǲǲź̫࣬Ǿһֱһ죬һľƺ΢£ʱŵ񼸷Ʈ켸룬ЩЩ˲ˡ

˹ض˵Ҫǰ˵ң϶ܻһЩ

źɣֱö˷ںŪ

תһ룬Ҫ˵仰úꡭ˺һ㣬Ҳֵõġ

ѹºߵС˼˵ˣҰ㡣
ʣкõ𣿡

ȴǺ꾫ɵüˣȫЦ⣬̳ǼŻ׽˼£ˣŲŲæش˻

ƭôһ仰ܺõأ

ţǰεµһ졣

ѾǸ·ߵˡ
꾫ǷᣬʰҪʱҲ̫ԣҪʰһ١

Ҫôȥĥһ٣Щᣬëһӹĵ

üϵġߵЦڣɢ硣

˵˵ʹǴֶƭ˵ġҵһʹôģҲĸԸġ

Żûüֻۣ˷˵Ҫǰһ£Ϳ϶ܻһʹˡ

ţ

ʱʲôϧʹûˡ

һǵôߣ

ˣûУܾǸ꾫˼ض֣Է

ֺ֮ݺһۣߺϸΣܲѪĲȫҪݵģ

һֱŶ˷ĿǺƣԲͱˡ

ȴһֻһ̾һƵ˵ǿǽҪڳҹˣִһա

ţ

ǰôûֶ˷ô˵



ջụ̂˼䲻֪Сයһҹ

Ҳǳʲô̫رԭֻŵʱżȻ¥Сݺݺ䣬ŽҹĻƻҪʲôãӸɵôˣ⻪ƻߡ

ǰŵǰҲ׽ĵƻᣬֻȴû˷һ鿴
ǰʱǶ˷ÿæòɿæŽħԼҪȴһֱûһ鿴ʱûգпգɶ࿴ħԴҲùûʲôֽ

ܰ˵źһ鲹ϣŲػһ⡣

ҹĻ٣Ƴϣ˳ţ⻪ƻᡣ

СϵƲ٣Ҳ٣֣ȻȻǣһ顣

ƣ¹գҹŮͶϣҲεӰֻĹȻһߵϢԶ໨ơ

Ȼαװ˷ˣҲûҪαװ̫ס
ҪҹȻҪѡ羰õĵط

һѵľˮСԣüɰµĻ˳ݼϡ

ӳߴԶȥķǺá

ͷˮأҹҲûȫɢȥ´ӸߴһȥֻããƺοƵĳȻƵƹڱ֣Ķ
һǾҪҹɫ֮С

ͷܶʲô˷ףˣҵأ

ûҵģըУǩӴֽ˸ը͵˷ߡ

ը̫һ飬˷ҧһ룬ʣµһȥŵĶȥ

ϸ˷û򷢣ִ׷ʣҵأ

Ժ󡣡

ȥֻǼֲĵѣ˷⿪ġ
پ˵ҪʲôջߣӰ֮ϣĿ֮Զ

˵ãǾԺ󡣡

ιߵĻ⣬һҾ¶ǣҲ˼⣬Ŀ̾Ҫһӹӱˡ

ţٺÿһҲġ

˭˵ҪһӻˡЦŷװޱߵƺǹأͰһĺɽ룬߱׽ʮݡ

ȲŽӻ˷̾һҪҲħͺˡ
įħĻҲزˡ

˸УӹĲ˺üǿ˼̻ûն˵뿴Ǳ㿴

ţһ䣬ȥʲôǱȥʲôȴûɵ£ҵź峥˰ա

ôãҸͻȻˣ˷е㲻̫ţЩɣãȻ

ġ𣿡

žеܡ
ȫɱ˭Ҫԡ˭ҲãҾʹͬΪֹ

ǿĵЦˡ

Ц󣬲ϳĴƫҪȥŵĴͱ

ƲԴϸֱ˳ưѹ£ͷһģ˹
ȥ˺ǰյֱӸȥ£ЦŸпһ

á

ڡ
һ⣬á





66.  ߶   ճ

Ǹȥҽβ, ·ȴøЯͬȥɽˮġ

˵ô, Ҳôá

*

껪ƻᣬڳϽһҹ֮ҹƻؿջ

س·ϣ̫ûմƵŻŻžͶƬԼǵԼŽŶ˷ѹ·衣

ļϵͶ˷ûѪɫй쬵ķ硣

ʱ, ƼǿջĴ
˯ƫͷһ, ա

΢, ʶ, ʱˣ

ʱ

Ŷ, ʱˡ


ʱˣ

ǿɲǴ

űһ

˯ôʵڲͬѰ˸˷ս˻, ʵѲ, ʱԶѵ, βΡ
һ顣

뵽⣬ֱˡ
оڴ࣬Դسұȥ

һ˫ЦЦ۾ײϡ

֧Դɫ͸İ, Ψβ΢΢죬ǱԴһ٣ҲǾһҹĺΪ
˵ʱ򶼸оڹˡ

һĭ, ̫ȷŵʣҡûʲôɣ

ͻȻôʲǿѨģϡǵԼƬ֮ǰһҪôĥ˷һ٣Ķȫȥ

ôʣǹҪ˷Ҳֻ߹Цֱؿܵ۽һգһգģŵҲһһġ

尾ʵܲˣߴһ㵹˵ʱƱݺҧе㲡̬ĺڶˡ

˷Ȼˡ

ŵһ
ȻûסȻˡǸʲôǺĿǣŸоԼں֮ƺŮ˶᷸Ĵ

Ǹо˷ֱŵȥǸоԼиʵˡ

ǿ½̹̹ظԼĺ¡

ֻһۣ˵һˣžԼҪˡ

⡢⡭

ڳôҵĺۼáж谡жֱ
Ǹ˶

ŵܵĪǴ
ûٿȥˣ̰Ҵãε̹

˷Ϊںߡ

ָҪ½ֱסŵһһϣû˿˲ʧȥƽ⣬˾Ҫ˷ԡ

żˡ
Ǹ˵Ĳʹϼʹܣ˶˷ĵһ´·ֻͷȥ˫˫һ

ѹˣŲҶ

ǼƵȫϵζҹϵĵζŵÿһϸСʱͻȻЩǱķɨˡ

ŲͷǱܿˣȴײıϢ˵ʱǳůһһת۾ͺ͸ˡ

Цںʲô
˹˵ǡֲûȻ

ŵŶ˷ϳ˵Ļֱ£ҧҧʧأȫѪȫ嵽ԿǶøˡ

˻ҪЦһ¾Ͳˡ



ԣǲ̫ˡ

ʱ˿̣Լ񲻽ŮɫĸɮƫΪĺ꾫סˣҪƴΪî˾Ҫº

תһķֱһͨŹ棬Ŭͷ

ţ

𡣡

ѹʵһЩ

ݣǿ

⻰ʱȻûʶȫǱ˷ƤԻˣܾһƾ͵һͷɣΪħͷʱĴ
ҲҪԸ⣬˭ǿҲǿ

עǲħͷʱڵĶ˷ˡ
ΪԸ⡣

ôԸ⡣

㡣ôʲô㡣

˵Ҫǿֽϻ޳ˡ

㡣

˷Ϊ⣬Ц䵽ϵķ˿Ķ˵˾绰£ˡҪղסˣҿһҾͣ

ţ

Ǻεǻ֮ʡ

͸˵ϺףȴͲס鸴ӣſ˷ĿҲøȻ˵ˡôͳˡǸһϸɾŰֽͿĨİ˷ȥˡ

붯ã˵˵ӰѶ˷ЦˣˬЦͣڴϵȸˡ

Һ꾫ڷԼһڸϿӵԶԶ֮ǰһ仰ֱӶԭء

ҹʲôûСϢһṦ͸ʬһ㰴ȥϢȴҺüȭ

ŵĵһӦΣԺҲȾˡ

ڶӦǣ˵νġȻˡ

һ˲Ȼ󲻿˼飺һֱڶң

˷ֱ׳ǰ۸ҡ

˵꣬ۼֿһץסҪܵš
ôһץ°ˤŶʱһͣľͷһԭأһҶͷĿȫǰԹ

ǵĶ˷ǿЦˡ

ľͶҡ
ָ̽Ѱģʮָۣ˳ưק˻ЦΪΪ



˷ȥյسԹ緹ջĵЦһǸãֱĵƥܲܿ;羰ף»֣һ£ڵ·

һǺöö졣

ǺһʱôǶ̣һµʱôȥˣҲȻ

ڼ䵹ûΪ˳ʿ
ܲûУֻŶǰѾ˷ȫˡϾʹѪﱻ˾ŸħȻǸӭһһθĴħͷ

֪ǿ
ɿҰɫ̬;Ҳ˶ӣ鲻죬ȥβҪŲΣٻʱȥұĵΣһȥ֪Ҫ϶೤ʱ䡣

ŹƼȴ⵽

ǡھգôˣʵڿϧǰǡǽ⻧˼Ͷ̥ǵһȣոְɡǣ·ȥһ˰ɡ

ڳλôƥϵÿһЩţԱߵ˦֣ûš

˷ŵһذɡ

ˡ

ȻˣҲһˡ

Źס
һܲЭоǲС

ûܻ˷˿ЦʱĲĳظ˵¡

ʲô£

ȥ˱֪ĬŴӦһߴϿĵЩɡĻ͸ϲˡ



ûޣֻȥˡ

ݲǰŵıؾ·ϣҪȥݣ·

ЩʲôҪ£˷Ҳٸˣ˼;羰飬˿ϧ¶ٵķʱʱУӽ·

ȱ˷ָţʻɽһﶫ˺һŲڿ¡

غ¡





67.     ճ

ȷʵõġ
һĻ, ǸСڵСŮҪˣҲˡ

, ƾжǸʿֱֲӴӷɽȥˣץСŮһСˮûһ룬롣

ö˷˿ˣȷСŮֻ˹ȥǣ˻, ŲİСŮһܱ˷ֵĵط

Ȼ˷, һ𰸡

ûдħͷ, ׽ÿҲв, ö˷̣ͣɽˮԶظϹһСŮ, ԭ
űڵԭ

ƫ˷˵Ҫθڣϴհɡ

ҧгݣһҪɣ
쵰۸

ҪˡΪ˷Ҫ̹׽, ȴʳִָ, , й¶

ţ
治֪һħʿĹظʲô



Ϊ˽⿪ţͶ˷һƫԶСļŶԽȥҶ˷Ŀġ
ֺûʲôĿģһ˵Ҫ, ǾΪ˰ǷСŮ׶ɹ١

ز֮Сž, ȴûȫˣһֱԴȣų״С

һλСŮ˶˷ݡǵģҲߣСŮǿ˫۷һһɸ硱е
˷ҲӦţȥߣеԴˡ

ҲͳԵˡ
˼գȶ˷һԣСŮܷƽ˾ػʮü˱뿪ˣ̡

·һֱڵȶ˷ڣϰ죬֨֨һ̲ס˦仰治׼ˣ

˷Ŀ̧̣һװҪһٵӣ̿йЩڷ

һԣպÿһѣָպøϵϣ˳־

ŷˡ

˷˵ĿǣСŮˡ
ԺѹһȦʵҲһܶԺ

ʾ졣

µģѲҡʶ

ֹʶ˷ЦЦЦͬ˿̵ЦݿȥʵеˣҲҪûңֻ㱾Ҫȥʲӵһʯһ˫֮

˺һᣬͻȻĳ˲䷴Ӧ˹θ˼ʣСŮǽʦ֣ת

˷˵ͷӦǡ

֪࣬һֱ׷Ҫ𰸵ŷĬ

ã̧ͷʶ˷Ϊʲô

ȻѾ˵Ҳûʲôˣ˷ȫˡ

˷ʵνɽˮԶϹΪ㡣

˷֪˰ĽᣬܾöǷȴҲ޷Ϊ˶Ҳʱʱһˡ

ҺǰûѾȹһˡȥͲǷʲôھ͸ӲǷˣǷҲǷ
ˡ

űǰٸнģֱ˷һ䣬;Լ˵˳ĻŮһ̷û

ûУ˷һ䣬۷·׿Ƶģ˵տϷʱżһɵŽ޵ʱ򣬰û𣿡
ѡûСҧرء

𾪡
û뵽żȻôһζ˼ʦֵʱ򣬶ܱ˷֡

ͻȻԼʵˡڳԵ̽ĻŮˡҲҸŷˣ¼һ׮׮ľ󰸣ǸϽתƻ⡣

ʵҲ׷ʣҲ˵ģǲǣ

ǵȻˡҿ壬ôܲأ

ȻֻһֱôԼŵȭͷе

һ
ľһ㡣

˴ȭͷʳһЩ¡

ֹ˺üغڿ˿ڣ˷ι𣿡

Ҫ滰

滰

滰ǣһҲ
ؿЦţҲģѿڵĻȴǣҪǰĻɱһΣҶܲգһۡ

žҲǸġ
˵ʦ֣˵ת֮СŮκһˣֻͬĽڵĽ磬Ѿܶκܶˡ

̲סһ裺Ҫ뿪㡭

Ǽ裬˷Ҳȥ룬ѻ˵ꡣ

ɫէȻʧȥѪɫһƬҰףͫһ˲󣬸ɴشֱӸǹĻ뷨ΣգϣòҪԡ

ΪŶзǳ̵ʶ˷뿪˱λãתĸǰİϣ΢ͷרעע

һһ䡢С˵֪ħˣû֮飬˸еĵҶûˡһʲôԼҲ㲻̫

Ĳ˺㣬Ҳ뿴ѹ
һ㶼롣

ǴСĽĻһμڶ˷ᵽľ㤺˵ζ

Ȼ;ӣ˷һһôͨҲãԶԶǸħĲġ

ûˣħɣס



ŵͷΪµ
ҪֻҪв̤һɲصĺ񡭡ʦһ

뵽ŰִӶ˷˳⼲ȥ

סůȻʧҲû£˷ͫ͵һ֮࣬Ҳ¶˿˿ֵζ



漴ûܵڣһ

ʱļʻλϣ֮ǰġˡһߣƥ˻ǰ㱻Ż

˷Ҫȥģ

ͷһЦǳѺãй¶

ǰɫһ˲ˣֻԼҲǱһء

*

˷·ȥһݡ
·ȥһݡ

ΪѾϵùˣҪ̸ţ;ºžҪȥһݣȥɡ

ܶ˷ʲôʱ˽ʦֶһûĦȥݵĿġ
ֻקţ˵Ҫȥȥ

صݺûи̫顣

ʶ˷ҪǮƣ߰ЩϹǣȻĵŶ˷ȥѣ˼ڡ

ֻ˵ļˡ
ϾڲħţΨһܿŴĵҲͳħ˵ѾΪʷһˡ

⵽ֺ֮Ψһ׽űһƬ档
ı꼰ΧķǨߣźͶ˷صʱһ㡣

û뵽˻⣬Ҳʿ˳˳ؽ˼ڵľַ

ʵΣ黳⻳
ϾǰںͶ˷ɵº뿪أɽסŶ˷һķˣһ㣬Ҳͷ

к˷㶹˳ݴɨһ¡

˷һһͷԣüһ𰸣

Ҫ˷һЦ۵ؾǲһ𰸣ΨЦ˵㻹֪ʲô





68.     ǰˣˡ

˷, ſͷϵİʾʲôûԼԼµ¡
ǲµ߰˷, š

ֱʵǰ˷ˡ

İվǰ˫ֱ΢΢ǰӣյǰһȤؿģ
Ц˵ȢȢ˵һ仰ǡ

ܽܳС죬æŲãõľȥ, ѻõĶϴϴ͵µ, ɨ֩, ǽݶ

ݵĶ, һȺָȥ, ޳˵ʹеס

ǵ£, ȴǵֽ, ûкֽɇ, 춹Ӿ۳ɺü֣֡͵ģڴҵƶ

æһȻ⿴ŻЩª, ǲ棬ֻҪϲ죬еСʽбɡ

źԼͶĳɹ, ʲôˣͲ˹ϲصرסһصͷ˵ã˵Ը⣬ھҪΪ£ӭš

˻ᣬŷƨԡ

˵ֻͰ͵¶˽һ˿ϲãȻѹȥһ˿ûˣ˵סתȦȦˡ
ϰ죬ӵظ˸ǻӦĻӦ

˷ҡ

ĵص˺һᡣ

һ䣺ҡĿ𣿡

ţ

Ǹ˶ġ
ǸˣԲ⡣

䴽һЦҪǲҼޱ˺ˡ

һ֮ԵǱеҪǿ˷ɫһ˲䣬ħϢӿŸո޺õŴֱˡ

ţ

˿ţֿ˿ŴĶ˷

ʶԼ˴˷ߣĬĬٿźü޲ֱ޺ˣŸٿ

϶֯ԣ飬˷˵
¶ֿ⣬Ϊ˲ĴΪ˱ˣѡҵߣҸ𣿡

һһ㶵ġ

ǾίԼħ
ԭڶ˷ô˽Ϊ˳ȫСҵ

ܷϣȷʵô

ʱ䣬˷ǵĿأʧɥ˼㣬ȴ½뷨Բſǿѹסɥƽȵ˵Ҳί㡣ֻܷģȻҴӦ㲻Ϊˣ͡

ȥˡ

ܾĳˣҲܶΣš
ֻҪǰпʱǸԱеĶ˷

뵽ž˵˵жúù

ܵǰ֣סԴǿӲر֮ϰһڡ

һڰѶ˷׵һ£ûԤϵŻһ£˱סˡ

ţܵ𣿡

ʲô

ڸ˽ţִյĶͷһڡ

Ҷ飬İ

ʱ̲࣬ͻȻô£˷ķӦɵһɵû˷Ӧ

ſЦá
ٰһڣֱֺӰ׵øɵ

ֻײײ˵ЩɣȢǲȢȫһ顣

˳˸ʱޣ£ʱ򡣡

ձȳƣҲߣû˵ڣȥ˻ȥ

췢һ
·ˣҲ˸̵ˡ

о촽ϺȻѹһıҲĴţӭŶʱֻ˷ҲǸϳԿ
ǶĶͷ£һع񣬾Ҫӱȥ

ǲĳݼⲻһ¡

΢Ĵʹд̲סˡ

ֹס֮࣬˫ҲԽشļϣࡣ

ǣЩ¸Ф˵ˡ
жͺˡ

Щ˵Ļ˵ڵĻȫ˴˵ľݸ˶Է˲һ
Ҷ˵òˡ

⡣
ġ



ֵȥ֮֮ǰĲúʰ̫ãȳ׵ʽ̨ܰѾǴҹˡ

һ˵ʿĽǲҪʽġ
Ͼͷ˲ͬʿĽϱིǾϵϡ

ŻǼҪֻǶ˵ʽ

һҪѸءǸߥɱ˵ǸأҪˣ°ɣƻǷĸˡ
Ҫ˷һ֡պ߽˵Լŵˡ

ȻŶԱ˲һãԶ˷ã͹ˡ

һԺ˵ţŶ̲סЦ
϶ǲ˵ģպҪлˣһҪ˵һزźá

ǣҹ֮ʱǧ֮أԫϱ֮УĵćֱߣΪ֮ʿ˺Ĵħͷվ£ǰ˫˫һƣ˴ˡ

˷ֻš

ŵлЩںĶˡ

ʵ̫ˡ

˷ɱĶûиΣȴһźڡ

ʱ˿̣䵱ⳡʽļ֤ߡһЩڵϣΧǶˣСԴ׷ơһЩſڷСС
ɲ֪ĸȱ۵ģֽǮɻ˻һͬ£ҹ紵ⳡܾ÷}ˡ

˼磬رǷ顣

˷һֱſȻûдһľ㤡

Է˸ҵ֢ڡ
һգ۵Ĺ򣬶ȫͷֽţϻһȥˣֿ죬ϲǿŶˡ

ţ

Ųš

Ҳˣ˷ôʦȥƭˡ

ֻһ룬ȴǱץ˸š

˷һ֣˵˵Ҫ

úãˡ
۾ɫغˣҾһˡ

򵥸ɴ˸Цˡ

˷Ц̵ӣһֱϳ¶ˮɣƻ˷Ҳմ˵˼ζÿ˱𲻿ۡ

ߣﶼǳǳЦ⣬Խ

ˣһƺ£ҾͲٷˡ

ûֻ²ۣ˵øⱭƣͻһ
˵ˣͿһһ£͵͵Ҫصӡ

ɵףѡһ⣬ΪأΪˡ

Ϊǰǰ˶ѡ

Ǿٱ죬һڸ˾ƣһβʣ

źŵ¾Ʊ䱳Ĩ죬ǳؿ˷ѵǰˣˡ

ȻƲôȵģϷ˳׵Ĺأ˷Ҳû˵ƣȫȫԼ֪Ҳӣɴһ˾ˮ

ŵĿ罺ᣬͣ˷

ӽ󣬰ˡ

ֲɿ̾á

Цˣ˽Ļͷȥ׵ºһװ

ǣȷʵͦõġ





69.     ŰҲ

ڼСסһʱա

˵Ҫ, ɶ˷ԸҸֽ, ˵ʲô;ƼأҪϢһʱգ˵ʲôջ˳С

ֱһſѪµζûˣŵò㵱ȥ̲סǿӲֶΣֱӰ˸ˣȥš

Ҳø
ŵķɽʻյ·ͻͽټֻͣǻ, Ϊ˱ܿżȻײϵʿ, зܰ롢ʮֱЩѶȵĻʹ˳

Ƚأɽ, ŷɽ, ĶС

һأͿ˷ɫԽҰ, ǾͿҪû˵ӡ
Ҫޣǹ

˷пԡ
ܲ˵ǱŵĶɽ˰̫, ˻, ѹ˦ħ

ǵġⶤ۸ˡ

ҧг, ޲ϱһֱ˺

Ҳѡ
»Ƕ˷Ҫ

֮ǰȷԸαװʿߪԿƵĶȥͬŵСòŵġ޽Ŀǰ״

һͰŸˡ

޽ľû, йǶ˵µһѡ

ͨеģǴҲеġ
ȴЩ

޽С͡Сޡ۴һһ۱Ķﹾ๾൹ʱŻһΪԼˡ

ɵԽ˵Խ, ˵ʲôذʿսħǣҪħͷɱ֮죬޽ŴУͷ­ѪƴһҲҪǴħͷһƬһ⣬˴ǧʿİΧȫˡ
˵ʲôħ뵱ĴħͷֻԸǽ˵СޣǼʾУ˫˫׹ңĻɡ

ʱŲ˶˷һۣЦü˳ӣͻȻáɡģ˵Сޡһ˵ҲȷʵǿѨ硣

ݶ˵鱨ħŰĹһֱӴ˲ܵľռݡŰа񡱵ĵһŽڵĳħҵֱ»

žþòܻ
ֻ˵լ̫ãֱڲżʶ޽ôʵһ档

ܹǹ£ħҵ»ҲΪҶæץħͷȥˡ
ҪǶ˷ǸǰһվǰĨᣬǿ϶ǵͱϼġ

뵽̾һϸϸ˶˷һȷй¶˿ħϢͬŵ

ķΧеҪţΧҲǡ
Ƿʲôȥǲʲô˳

źɣûж롪ΪҲãŽǵɽǻ𺣣һˣ߶ˡ
ֻѹϢСĽֱȥ

Ҳϣ䲻Ķ˷ǰɭҲ衣

ֻСطɽǺҽʦ
ҩ¯ǰҵˣȻ˻Σһˡ

ⲻûŵ棬Ԥϰ˵һ䣺ˡ

濴ȥòˣʵֻǱ𾪵ʧȥ˱ѡ

;ס
˵ʲô˱ӰܳӣֻڻϷ̨ϳֻϷԼɺǿɾֻϵɲŻıˡ

ֻҪǣˡ

ʱʱûʵѵĳ˻ĶõԼ㲻ʲôˡ

棺ǻȥɡ

Ƕ˵ȻţҲͬ飬˻ˮۏġ
̹˵ƺԤϵǰ˻˵һ˱ҪֻҪžҲȥ

ʲôûߣǿ

꣬ȻʶǸۡ

þͲûֱ˫ϥȥˣĺ⣬˫ֱȭϣʦȸҵ¿

ɨǸЦĶšĴħͷһۣ˵ʲôȴȻһͻȻӦҩĸӶˤ˵ϣǸˣɵˣ

ԣ˲ȴЦһۣһۡ

ûۿǶò˵ӣ־봥·

׻ס֣ȴûסڣ̫ϧץŶ˷һ䣺˵ʲô˲ãƫƫȥħ

˷ţҲŽʦ㣺ǣʦѵǡ
ȥǹɵ˵ҲظһƵʿκħһ·ߵڵ

棺
ô˵أ;Сһһܸ¡

ûһͻȻֵġʲôˣһֱᵽɤۣ鼱֮¸žͺ˳

棺

ˡ
ŻףѾˣ⣺Сʦ塣

ǸסأɽصķСʦ壬ΪɨһԲɱ˵ǸŰȥǸ
δǸħ

СʦĵһۣŶ㰡
˵ò

ŵĵһӦΪ˵ԼΪСʦһ仰ֱˡ

Сʦ壺Щĵħ쵽һȥˡ

΢
СʦðĿԼԼǵͶ˷֮ƺԹһ߸СʦСһɫĲسѣħСʦһȣҼҰ˷Ȼ㲻ʲôˡ

ϾڱˣֻίԼˡ

СʦӾһ죺ȻһëͷСӣôܺұȣ

ţСʦ㡣

Сʦ壺˵ҲɡϾǰħǫЩ

ţСʦ岻ǫʾΪġ㣬ֵõġ

ҽʦȥˣհɡ

ҽʦ㿪ڣ޹ϵСʦ嵱Ȼ̾ˡ

СʦҽʦҲкܴϵ

Ǵӽ͵ܳġ
֮ԷŽӲܵΪżȻŵŰ°׵Ĺ¡

һµŮ˹ԼŰţңڵӣԼҽʦ㡰һ궼δܼһ棬;ر𲻷
һ嶯ֱҽʦˣ˵˵Ųϻȥ

ֱżǿ׾ǰСʦ塣

Ҳûʣֱ⡣

棬ٴοʦæһҵĵ¡

򴽣ջǵͷ

ͬԭҲĲ࣬Ϊиħİˣħ̬ȱʿҪһЩûһͲݵĵز

˷󣬺źǣϵħûΡ

ʧ

Ҳ⣬ϾħϹҪôܽҲҳԸ˷ˡ

Ÿ滺֮ʶ˿ɰſһСʦ䲻ںͷ

ԡҿ԰

ը˾ͿʼԼǰħȥʲôħҪҲ裡

Сʦ͸Ƶġ

ǰ˵˵
СʦֻǸħŸǰȴȴħͷ˷ħķ緶

Цаֱ͸ǰЩûûΡ͸˵ħһ

ʦ²ܵǰͬڵ˵һһ

ȥɱЩˣұĵ¡





70.     ħ

Сʦһ, ŻûϰĻӦҽʦ, ˹ȥСʦؿһȭ
ȭͷ˵ſԱ֤ǽʵʵһȭ

ħСʦյأ˭Ҫ˱˸ؿôһȭʹʹðɱɨѡ

ҽʦ㡣

ֻʣ£ǸЦ

滹ޱظСʦڶȭһ߾棺ǿЦҲô˵

úúã˵, ˵

¶Ź, ;⻭൱, ϡ˶˷ӡ

Ҳһ㲻ͬ
ǾСʦȶ˷ҪǷ

üȭ, ȰɲŸջعͷ, 洫СС졣

Щ˱͸ɱ

ת˻ȥ, мɳļӸ, ôô, СʦҲûĹҪСʦ֪֪˵ЩԷ³

֮Ųһ䣺ʦ㡭Ǹҽޡ˶٣˸ݴʣʴȵҽޡ

ʴȵСʦͲˡ

ЦһȫûĴģ, ǸޣǸҽޣ˲ʹҪǸ, ûˡ

οţšҲΣʹҲܣԼҲܸԼΡ

ţ
ҽ߳Ϊ

ҽʦϺݣҲݣ׻᲻Сʦġ

ⲻ֮Ǹض˵ʦöԲסˡ
ݺݵһ۲ʵСʦ壬ϵĻȴޱȣĵ¡ңҲǡ

źȴ⡣
ݶԵҲǲԸԼİΪ˾ȱ˶Լ˵ġ

ֳǿЦлҽʦ㣬ȥҽȥʱ滹Ǹһϣ

ҿԡºҪСʦָ˵ܳɡ

ʱŷʡ

Сʦ壺ɱˣҲŲҪǸĵħ

һɨ˹ȥ۴еСʦͰˡ

棺һɣһᾡܡ

ŸмüҪͶأ翴лʦ㣡

ЦЦлҲΪ˳ȫԼˡ

¹ô꣬ʼղڻ۷һգһ˲䡣
ʼռǵõʱǷ˵СʦãԼҵòٲˣȻ޷˵Σʱ𺳡

زֹһˣǽһĻ

ҽ£ôÿϼѵʱֻ̣ǵƿħˣһЩΪȥƴǣһǰСʦá
㲻֪һӿ˳

ܰͰҲǱμ֧ŵСʦˡ

ǰΪԼҪһصţֹסظп

˵ҲһܿЦ¡
СʦΪһħŬ˵ƴֻҪ񣬴п־Ȼһ⡣

ܹڻҹصĹ⡣

һֱôŵġ



ħǼͨĻҪһʱա
ҾСʦ˵Ҷ˷ӣ̰γħħϢԴħζʱضħϢң𶯵仹Ƕ˷ħͷеħͷ¸˺üɽͷζʱɵĶʿҲǰ϶£ֻܵҵ˷֮취

ֻܵȡ

취ʱźͶ˷

űҪæϾǸˣվҲֻؿŵСʦһڶ˷

˷ںֻҪ޹أŶܵǰȥָܲգһ۵ġ
ںСʦڸһλãʵְˣܶ죬ӦҽʦĻΪȥŷ磬˴

Ϊһ֮ˣͨӦò㴳ݡ

룬еӲк߿ţһԱҪ

ûϵʤڷӦ졣
ʶԣһŲűײ֥ķ϶㱻˻ȥʹҲƲ֡

ôҲǸ¡
Ÿν׮£ֻͷ

շշ

ű˵죬ʱĵⲻ

˹ˣĵֲ̣һȥڼô˵Ų˽

Żعͷžͺײߡ

ͷ۵ӣڶԸħʱضá

ûۿſڣͻͻ̫Ѩֳ̾һھ˸һӣŷС

ƲŷſͼؿŸ˳˽

û¸ˣ˵˫ϥһ䣬ֱӹĸǰ󺿣Ⱦ

ؿڼϵ˺汻Цˡ
ɨţְڶͷڳˣħͷôһ˳ȫ

ޱϵؽӵ֪ҽʦơ

Ѿˣ˵̫ƯĻˣ˳ĽŲ֪˭˵Ļ˾䣺ҽʦҽ㣡£ܵУ

ǳ¡
ЦЦؿǰһһŮޣ˵ǻͬһɽġ

˳ȥŷҲڡ
Ӧôˣֻ㶵˵ʦá

ŵͷ

ȥԡ
ȴҲ̫ϿŵģһֱͱˣҲϡһһġɱɱĵı־룬üʣô£

ʼˣǸֳ⣬𣺡ûػźħˡ

һϣҲ

Сʦ塣
ҡڵشڼ˳Ҫɱ˵ΧغͱɱƿĵȦ½ۣûȫħǱշħ

ȻСʦڻ͵ϣóˡ

ŵӦ

СʦЦôܿ϶

Ű㶼ҡΪ

оΪ죬濴ȥˣͷʹм˾ȥǶ˵һ䡣

֮Ѿû˸ȥǸͷβħĵģҡͷϧΣħⲡβˡ

ʱе˻

ָǡ

Сʦӵڼֻ߳ħһһ㶵ġ
㶵ʱֻħѾǺˡ

СʦаһЦץŶ˷ͲϷˣҾ˵ɣ

زҡ

Сʦ岻ţһҿ͸ˡҶħû˭ܱҸ㡱ı飬˵ħѳԡ

˷һЦǧǲ֪ƭյѶأ

Сʦ壺㡪

棺ʲô㣿Ƕˣұ죡

ҽʦһͲûĳʱƽ˾˶ǹԵеĺñҪû˵һ֡

ˣˡ
ħһܶϺöĴħͷʱԼħˡҪǱ˷֣ƻûȺķ֮λҪˡ

ҽҲΪ֮λ

̾һԶ˷˵˲Ǵ⣬ѹɡ

µĵħϣһؾɱˣʹκˣҪǲܵͷȥ˵˵ģֻҪûˡ

ԣ˷ͷ򵥴ĵ·ϸһĵ





71.     غ͵

ʿħֻܿԼսʤ, İæҲ岻֡޽ձ֪ˡ

ɵ˶˷ǰʲôձ֪񶼲, ȫЦ

ڱͷϵħһɵѹˡ

ҲǻӻֵĹһ뻹ɱڵšɱɱĵģһû򣬱ģڵϣһС硣

סԼԱ̻̲һже˿־塣
, յ, ʲôûе, ֻĩ˻ҪϼŵСޡ

, ڵĽĶ˷Ĳ֪

Ƕħˡ
˷ֻ, ħɱƣħڵĻ, Ҫһ, Ҳٻزȥ³

Ψһֵҵ, лᡣ
ֻǰħ

ţġ

ǰҪñֶαظֱˣûȰͷǰͻȻһסĲ, ŵϲϡ

أġ

һ㶣ͣԭأ΢Ц

ǰ, Ѿֲվˡ

ͻȻ͵غһɤӣķŵڳˣ˵Ұӵ˼öʵ澪òᣬˣǰһ׾ŵ޴׽õĹеžĻ졣

ŵĵĶͿʼ

ܲ
Ϊ˱˶ô㣬ںǸʲôֲûбԼһ˾ͻȥˣǲҪˣ˶Ҫ˲Ͳôˣʧȥң

źţض˵ίʣȻôںˣôͿң

ʵĵЩҡɢۣҲˣֵͷϣⲻôϸСı仯
ҪõĳѹһҧĿ䵽һϡ

ǰҪзɻ
ʱεضϣĶȥ

س˳¶ڿУ·µҪʲôʶ֣ţҪ

޵Ĵ඼ʯͷġ

ĿͰ͵ӣûһ֮飬ظûУŽһڣ

ҪҪƨĲҪܲеϢҪȥҪиã

˵꣬嵲˵ĺͷɻ֮䣬ֵϥ£ɻֱֱ棬һְڽϣһȭɶûУŽȭֱȥ

Ǿŵǰ֮ѧˣɻʦͨԼŽǴʱػŶϽľĶȥȭʱɻĽˣϼ˺졣

ģͽֶϽĶЩˡ

˱ˣ˾͸ͣˡ
ֻǿʼ

һ¶ϲɽ˵ڶ¡¡

ÿһγȭǽѪɽ
ɻϣںźʹʹѪһԣݸӲǸƺ顣

ⷢǰıһĻĴסˡ
Ǵסˣͫȴ˽࣬ʬһҲ˼·ػ

׻һ̣ǵһα𿪵Ѫʱ

һ˲䣬˸߹⣬ʵ˹ʶʱ

˺ͽ˺̧ۣ֣

𡪡

ˡ

һȭѳ

ɻӦϡ

ûܴϵĽظˡ
ϵǽҲǵĺ͹

ءûâĽõһƬ㱣΢죬ɵ˵ӣ͸оһƬհףû˼Ӧˡ

ţֱһůд
㶵ͷȴصĴȫȫְסˣ˵ҲΪֲٲ

ѪһƬֱײӽ磬˵ǿ˺űͷһᣬѾžžવص
ֱϣοһѪʺȴ˻ص˼䡣

ôĲǿء
ѡӶԼẦ

úºú¡
úԼһ³ܵͬ˺

ôӱҲ»صǰǿĴڣԸⲻԸⶼãǰͷΪ·絲ꡣ
һ̣ǿӲذޱ޼ȴ㹻ĺڰקصʵԣվҲһ֪һˡ

һֱڡ
Ȼڡ

ΪΪ۶ϵķɻѹҪο򺿵̫м˻ƣպȥպһȥڣѰµĽ

صĴӵĵ֣ա
ϥĸǰǰϰ˫̧ͷԼӡײϣޱ֣صض˵ҵµĽ֮ǰڿʼҾ

ɱǸǲǣ

ֻҪվһҾɱ

һ仰˵
һ⣬ʲô˵

˵Ҳ˵

Ǹж
е˾ꡣ

Լ

ץסصҧгݵص͵˵

û壺˵ʲô

󱿵

أ

ģɻ˵ҪҶȥΪͶǸŮ˵ĻΪɱһֱվߵģûҪҡĺ÷ɻ㣬ء

ϵ齣һ£ͼ֤ԼҳϺί

أ
һֱشݻˣ

û뵽չ

ģػ쵰ҵķɻҲ۸ҡ

أҡ޺

ʲôޣȥޣ˵꣬ĵĺͣסˣҸտ޹ס˱ӣԼ
ŵؿأȻ͵رסֱۣǲˣոջ˵ҪΪҵģʦǶ˵ģˣ

һô໰ϰԱųʱһʱûӦ

ȷӦֻ֮һֱ£ȫֵˡ
˾жʹм໶ϲ

¶ĨЦ˵ãˡ

վ˳Űסֱ۵ĵҲ

أʦ㿴÷ûиܵʱǸϿӳš

ҡҡͷ˵Ҳߡ
ҾԲߡ

ؼˣշ

ȴϣħ
ҪǲɱĻɱˡ

ͻȻֵϢڳ˶ϲ˼ţݵŴȫһǿķû죬ֱӿ˾ͷ

һЦŴſڿ߽õ˲ǹ𱳡ըëèޱȾСֺ

ʦ˵
ôɱŵأǸ㣬𣿡

ҲⲻƣȫӦš
绹δ𣬵ûӿпأųȥĸ֪һĴڣŶ˷˳ץСʦĺ졢ѹסϢ㵽ͷȥͷβһϢʱ䲻

ĺҽʦﱻ֣ҪӲ˵ǿԲ
Ҫٱҵҽʦ鷳鷳ˡ

ͷͷʱɨ𵥴˵ħĻԼԼоʲôҪʼˡ

ǸõǳǶ۵Ϸ̨ϣĻñˡ





72.  ߰   ֮ս

˵ǶԵ, ħž, пǰ˿ħ֮⣬һֻŷɱħ
ɡ

ŵ󣬶˷ͣȷħбı¡

ź֪ܿеʲôˡ

Ȼ˷˵еĲҲغ͵ĺһˡ
˲ķһжǸ

ռϵƲֹҪϵһռˡ

ϻ׻޺ı飬³ĻڳŪģôƴʲô
Щ˿Ϊȫ˰αΪЩ˺Ŭ

, ͵߹ιһ, ʲô

ɵ뿴, ٲȻҲɡ
˵˵Щֽ, Щѣ֮תô, ˶޲øƲϵΪұͺ, ҪȻ

Ĵϣ֪
ɫƽ, ѹ, ǿ͸ˣͻȻó

˱Ͳϲһʼҳ赽ȥǽĹ⡣ڶˣԶν, ΪЩҵĶ
ʮҸڲǼٵģµֻ黹Ƕѡ

ȶ, ŵһУӴ壬˭Ƿ˭ˡ

ħǲϲϷġ
ϲ˻¼ɲɱĹʱ̡

Ҳ⡣

굥һһ˲ƫ׵ɫǹһ
Ҳȥˣ־ɱС

˹ǣȥɡ

䣬ǲ֪ܳʮŵӣһԾͶ˷ҹƣҪǵ͵¡

ҧгݡ

ɶ
ħսթ



ңңһ˫Χ֮½ڽڰˡȴƴһ˿ҲҪΪųħӰ̾һ˵Ŀ˵˾䣺ţȥɡ

˼ų֣ȥѶ˾¡

δüǾᡣ
ؽɣǻҽʦ㡣жֵʦʦÿȥ

ûпûг֣֪ʲôɡ

һЦмѣΪҵġȻ˿ڣұѾˡǺãĻǱ㿪ʼγħɡ

⻰ĬĬףߵ˹ͷֱ̧ȭһϣлʦ㡣

ЦЦǶһʦ㣬ʦܵΪЩʲô

ʦǸҽޡ
ģֻܱ޺֮ˡ

֪û˵ô򵥡

磬̫̫ѰͶ˷ټֻҪһ¶棬һս˵һսҲ˵
ѡվʦߵҽʦ㣬ػᱻ

ɼȻ˵Ѿˣű㻹ߵſڡ

̧ȶ֮ʣһ㣬عͷúͺЦӰĶ˷ߡ

ֱ֮ʣ仰

Ҫš
Ļһȥġ

һݣӦá
ߵ˰֮£յս



صغ͵Ǳߡ

ĶأǴһ˶Ǻ۴ʱȺ֮
ʱֻԼз̵Ļᡣ

֪Լأʹ

ι
ĺһ˷˸ŵҽģǷģ㣡

꣬ȻӦһһҪգΪػһܵĿ϶

Ÿնһ£ĺ챻סˣϽɻһ̣ˣȴǴ̵һʯͷ档

ĶʱˣʯٵĻᶼû˵ʱֻͷһ䡣

±̫Զͽɡ

ף

ţ

˷ܵش󺰣ʦ㣡

ϲտЦһġʦ㡱ͻȻ˵û
Ȼһʦ㣬ôʦ㣬ܵΪɰСʦþһ΢

˵ļЦ˵ͽҰɡ

ɱɵħɱ
Ҫˣ

Ե֮ǰ估֮ǰ˵ĻŲһ䣺ҵǺܺΪʲôҪɱŵˡ

ֹһ˿⣬֮ͻָ˳̬гӣطħɱҪ𣿡

ħɱ˲Ҫɡ

ɴߵħһ⣬ܻɡ

ǸɣŲˡ
ȥֻҪ˼䱯硣

˵һ䡰ף±ҸȫС



˷ô¡˵ͬҲɲв綼㲻ϡ
¼˱֪ʲôаƻʿҲġ

ȥǺżӡ
һһ͸һصȥûȴȫ˷ͭȻʤȯաӮҵӡ

һȭ߹һӶһ룬ֱŻѪȥԲΪ⣬˼ַħħˡ

Ȼڴ˵أǸ˺ĴħͷĿɨԶӣҲɡ

ޱسѣڡһ˻̽ס

𣿡
ЦЦų̽һ֪˰ɡ

ô᲻֪ˣʲô

̾һͷҲأһ̧㽫֮£ķΧУǲš

ͬһʱ䣬Ҳ֪סˣͲ̫ԸСʦһۣʼγ˷ϵľŸħ

ڴħͷѪħֻǶһ£˵սľħϢӿ˳

һɫ䡣

İʱӰ٣һգ۵ĹȻֱӽ˺ҹտʼưô֮·ڿ

籩Ӱ첻Ű֣ûջôմ

ųϳ˶ߡ

š
ŴħͷҪɱˣ

ӻҪģһᵥһʵʵش˾䣺ˣħ

ûŵġ
Ͼص̫ˣһʼҲҿ϶Ƕ˷˵ˣȷˡ

ڳڷЩʲô캦£ŶԵ˵ͳһ°ɡ

ҭ¡

ǲܳϵġ
ˣܺߵ̬չֵ쾡¡

ң
ħͷ˷ͽڴ˴ټʿǰΪ

䲻ãϵźűںϿȺ죬кʿһ

ʱʿǣţҲû˰

Цš
Цš

á
ǵĸŵȫˡ

ž仰⡣

㡭

ʳָס˴˵ʲô

һħʲôأ

Ȼɱ˰

֮Уƺʲôˡ





73.  ߾   

һжô⧲

ӵͻȻνصڱ¶, ˵ԼħʼأɽĿռ䱻һɫ״˺, ڻĽϢһͷ˹ʴ˼䣬Ϊǧ串һӰǼϢ֮顣

˶ΣյϢ
ǲ֪ʲôȴһԼͷһѵҡҡ׹ʱп£׾ٵնǵĲӣ׷롣

δ֪Ŀ־֮, ŵһʿǸס˺, , ڱ׳

Ļڵ, ֮Уſ˫, ΪС

˶ҪˣŻڼ
á

˵Ρá

˾ڵ·ʱ̡

֮ǰ, ֻаصĶϽɻӱࡣ

ģȥɡ

Ԥϵ˵Ļѡڴ˿͵Ϯ, ̫, Ҳǹûжġ
ǳЦûӭŵĸϽɻû, Ӻǰ˸͸

Ӱѵŵò, ΪԼûдҪǲɰγ˽ָۡ

ȴӡ
ɴȹƿ޺ɫĻ޵ôۣתĄ̇Ȼ衣

Ϊѳᣬԩ

ֻܻһˣ

ȻšԴʦ㣡

ûг

ûⵥǱߵĶ֮䡣

֮ڵҹ
£ϣĩȻ

ʿ˱ˮķڿȻ̬ˬͬŲ̫ϸֻʪȫ

ǰޱߵķϲϣˮ˴ʪ

û⣬Ŀ⼸ƮԶڴ˵أֻȻص˻ԶĴǰ
صǰһսս

ƬκǰĻصһ

ħȿֺشһѿ֮ӿźɫеıؼ
ֻĽ㳲

һ˼䣬ĽȷӯüֱͷǾ񣬸ֱӽ˿ܿ״̬
˵ģ˵ģЦ˵Ҫͽֽ˺ɱеˣõطռΪС

ű˱շֱ̡ˮģӽۡ

ֻǱһ¡
ʱǿͻȻޱشѴĵʳֻɱѪĶһӻˤ˵ϣζˡ 

ûϵͻȻ
ԼԼų֣ʶɵɵʣʦ㡭

ƽػһ䣺ɱħǸôɱġ

ƽ侲飬ѰĻõ͵һһɺһӴӽŵ״ܵԴ⣬
ֲ֪ģ͸о̾ϵħʱʧ˴롣

˵֮ʣΪǿսӭӻ򽫴ľ޴ѣ˷漴飬֯𱻾ۼڴ˵ء׷׸˵صŵӡ

ģħڹأɽ
ѿŵ壬ͬС

ʱ䵥Ӳһ֡
ֲأɽصŵ׷þֶμٸ壬١

ͬһʱ䣬ɽĴڳϷ֮·Чãѹ뾳ħΪĵȡʱ䡣

ңңʿ̾ħվǲ˽˵ġ
Ļǵذ˾һһѶˣκһǶһ١Ҫ֪ħϮһ˻ߣӡ

ŵӣɱаس
ɽ޽磬ȴ׽硣ֻҪһŵӻţκһֻħӳȥΣ׼ķˡ

ˣɽΪУβƵС

޽аȻɡɽš

ԽԽħ룬ļˣʦ㣬ô죿

ţٵȵȡ

ʲô

ȵȡ

˱ûʻҪ⣬ļ٣Ҳֻܽȴ

ɽħѹƽĲڵŵһ䣺أ㿴˳롣

ؿԼ

ûŪʦ㾿Ǹʲô˼ʲô㣬һѪƬʱĿƶȻˡ

ϸܵԾ˵ٶת֪δ󽭴ӵˮӿƺƵ
ڲй©ȥƿһΧڵĿռ䣬ʹصĹɣÿռڵĿˮԹɵķӻĽġ̣Ҳˮһơ

󿴵õ۾գһ£´ʲô

ûе̫ãǲ˼顢ƵֱһĻǰݡ

ֻһǿϣûͣ£Զȥ
ΪģһɻֺһһϢ֮串סأɽ

СΧҲ֮ɽķΧ

ʱ䣬·ʱ䱻ͣסˮȫ˿УƱú˿ܶÿһζ

С𺳵أɽħ

ûʲôµħֱӱһ˲͵ɱԴһЩģǿҵһкСģֱӱѪѪڰձըһεѪˮһͬͣڿС
ʹбһȺħҲסĥôȻʱᱻǿƹֻء

ֹħҲֲ˺á
׵شϿȵǧֻ۷ʱǴѹÿҪԴˣֱӣΪ

ھ̧丧ƽжңѹԵƲߵˣĿ£ɫƽʣ꣬侲ؿһС
ľ紵䷭ɣʪ͸ҲûΪǱֻ·ֻڴ˵Ĵڡ

أɽģŵ
ڵĽʱ򣬾źõ˺Ƭѧ£һѧ

ʱѧ֮ǰ˵Ҫǳˣ˵ѹˣɱǧСħֻ̧֮¡

򣬽ֻᣬΨ㷽á

˵Ϊ˼꣬ȥҲҲҲʿˡ
ûеڶʿӵƿضƷסͬͬķ

ѧ֮ۼ֤ԼʿŻһɶҶʣ°㣬֪ԼΪʲôҪɳΪԼĶ˷ЦЦؿ֣

ʱ˻ҡͷˣҲ˳ͣ˱ĳһ߰еȡħ

֡
ѧΪǧҲΪԼ롣

ֻǲԸٿȺ䣬ټǧ޹С˶ѡ

޵ͨǿľ֮
ȴҲֻ뵱һĬĬŵˡ





74.  ʮ   

һѪأɽը, ׽̻һʢ, ˣ֪ʱͣЪأɽʿǵͷԷ˵ĸܡ

Ǿ𺳵˼㣬Ǿйůůһֱ׳С

˽֪ں֮ϣȥƽƽ޳ȴŮŵĵӣΪ˴ħͷһֱ, ͻȻ, ڶεԴͦ

뵽, ʿһʱ޷ȥ

ħΪ, Ƕ
Ǵ֮ˣڴʱ, ڴ˿̣ٲȻһվ, վǰΣյλ, Ҫµ, ɱħڷѡ

ÿ˵ϾǸ顣

ʱ̣ħ̶ĲҽŨѪζӿ, ױ겻ϵĺ콥ɫ
类һֻ¶ϵָǿӲק˷϶һӺ֮Ͷ˼, Źĵʤࡣ

˸ܵϣǲ֪ĨЦݡ

ȴϲɫֻ˵һ䡣

Ҫˡ

仰˲ࡣ
ģðͬһӦҪˣʲôҪˣ

ܿ˴𰸡

ڰУھԲɱӵĵط
һء޴ĺɫ֣䲻һ㽫ҫصĹʵʵض˻ȥ˺ͷʹһ˲صҹعںڰ

ŵӰȫֹ
ֻѿ֮ŵһͷһֻħҲʹͥһͷƵģ³أɽϿ˺ҧһڣزƿµĿռ䡣

֪ûȫ¶Է

Űת֪һᡰ๾ࡱ˼³Щʲôĺɫ֣ŶԵĵ˵ģɻһá

ĵĺͷɻԼͬĬ

ǰ߾һĻе죬ͻȻ뵽ǰҲ˵µĻʱѷɻӹ֮ͷԼֱۿİķɻһϸ˴󿳵Ͷˡ

뵽ľװԼѾˣʲô

ţ㡣

ģ
Ȼÿܼѵ˵ɻʣһˡ

Ҫûˣ㻹һ

ɻ
˵óĻ𣿣

ɻʹ飺ҪǧҪҽ

ı˱ۣŵһΡ
ֿ󣺡ˡ

ɻ
ɻɶ񣡼㲻ǶжôЭģ

ֻʣ°ص֣

סĽ󣬽һԵعעȥ
ʱɻĶϿھӨɫĹâʵָȥļ⣬ƾһ֮齣

⿴棬ȴ̫ѵ£ҲǼֻҪʿù࣬ŨͿɡ
ҪÿԾԣûʿôģҲ

ɻ𡢱ˣҪˣ

üĻһ˵Ǿͻط

ǵģɻҪطˡ

齣ɣͻȻɻͶ״˫ֱֱյţ¶רע

ţȥɡǹ׼ͷÿˡ

ɻ
һϸôͻȻͳǹˣ

ŵĶ죬ǻµһ룬˼еʱ䶼ûУݺһϵ˷ɻϺ죬ǾͷҪһȥ

ɻ

Ҳ
̲סţĶ԰ɣ

ڻһ䡰ġĿ⵹һֱڷɻͷȥ
ʵ˵ԼҲûʲôֻǸ˷ɻʣ´붼ÿԼ

ʵ֤ɻ൱׵ġ
Ǹ̫׵Ůްȥ֮ľͿԼĸԣ˱ǹʹ

ǵӳеģһӨϣѸףư֮ǹкɫ֡

һĻ˲ס

һ
ʱ䡢ǰĻԱúͣһ

ʱ

¡

ըʱľ޴ÿһˡ

´ʱû̧ͷҫ۵Ĵ׻âҲ˳ǵǵӽУôۡ
ףֻɫֱʱըķѣҲըϡ飬صƲð߲䣬һ˲ػذ硣

û뵽ձ鱻Ϊһ޻ô棬Ŵ˾ٰ˶𾪵òС

һˡ

ģҵķɻ

ţڣ۷ˣȥ

Ĵϲ𣿣

ûӦ
˵ûӦˡ

ɫֱըϡãͬڳʧ˵ĹһѳϴСĺڶͻȻ˶ð˰ԴȻ궴һһ˴һ˹

˵òļΪһ˫һ۴˼˿֮֮۲ת֬·ָƣȴŮ˻Ҫϼֲ֣ŮֻĪ棬ǵ֮ˡ

ŶԣÿǶ˷ᲢۣԣеˣĿƮƮĵһһȣֻһ

ɧ

ٶϼ֣

ɧײ͡

£Ϊɧײ͵˺Ҳеһƴ
ҪǮƵģܷӴáһ㣬ǻħϢΪƣӻĽͷǱ֮󣬾ͲħϢɵĺϣ߸ϵӣյزŪһ·˿Ǹƽ·壬ۿٴе˼ʿ

׼ȷ˵ֻš

ɽʿôô࣬ȴǧһ۲׽ŵӰȻͿˡҲ벻ۡ

¶һſɧɧЦ

ôûˣ㻹һıһ٣촽˳ûʲôۣȴ޶мֹˣŮ

ҪǸһˣֻ´ʱǲԳˡ

繷ʺ˲ô繷ʺ
ѹûӦĴ㣬ֱɽֱȥ

֮ǰǰǸý׳յµķɽˮƽ龳

űֱͨͨӳǳȵ·½޲ȿϵ˺󣬾ȻһԾȭǿû˵Ϳյƣ֮ƣֱȥ

˲Ųæ˵һιҳȭͷ
νһ̾Ҳɡ

м䣬ȴʳָһ㣬õ㵽ŵȭϣһϢࡣ
䲻֪ȷзʲôײкȥྡྷ籩֪֮ǲ˲ֵ۷Ծ

˵˵м佻ֵģȻȫ£һغѽ

ǣһ˲ɢδˣպ󳷣ȵؽ˷ɽ֮ϣ˸֮࣬ӡ

˫Ưһд

һҲˡ

ž⻰˵ʵͦҪġ
Ҫ˽ֻҪΪԼǸ治

Ųǰѿ֮ˣƽˣ˿ţ¹ؼʿ㲻ˡ

ЦЦ˵ԴĹͷࡣ

΢򦣬ĿԴ²ò࣬ʿдܷ緶

Ҳ²¿˶٣

ֻƵĹͷȫɾ˰ɣ




75.  һ   ͻ

ŻСԼ

û취˵ķӦ, ֻǶƵĹͷⲻ֪, ֱ۵Ĺͷ飬ѵѡ
ʹıŮ

˲ڣ˵Ϊӷ·ڳȫŴҲܲµָıӴ

áŮƺˣȫ¾һѡ

ֻħ
ŵǰԪҲҪͬھħ

ħ׼ϵħ
սթĻ, , Ϊ˴Ŀʲô, ʲôݴ϶
Щͼħ, žħе䷶ֵÿħѧϰĶ

ħɱ˺Ҫ, ÿħӣضһԭ

Ŷ֪һЩ
֪, ĻѪ

Ͳû, ǱѪĺᡣ
, ѪǱʿħΪԴ棬ӵдѪ֮ͬ޵󡣶磬ôġ

ĸױڼ˵Ȧ, һ޽ϺĸӶһֱȡѪĻĸ, ԼҲ뼱аŮ޷ϵ
֮顭ħĲЩЩ

֪ҲЩȷʵǸɱġ

ħǷֲ˭ɱģˣϲˣǾһѶˡ

ź
һֱûһ׮׮£ûһѵ˸ϵȻ֪ΪʲôΪ£ǧټƵҪɱ˷̫塣

Ȼվĸǰ˼䣬Ҫɱ˷ݵĵˡ

֮ǰͷױЩסһ䣺ħ֮

˹ǡǶǵЦȴֻпɱѪȡ

˵ǵġ

ˡ
֪ǰħǼֻħɱˣȻԼǸλá

죬ŸоԼ˸⣬ͻȻҲûн⿪ıҪˡ
ɨһ۵ŵӣšŵɱСȥ˳ǿҴһڳǣŷǣңһһض

ǿǿԾսٶĻ



ȫĶڸԷ棬ȴĶӣ˲˺ҲУһֱڱƱơ

ſ򰡣һһҵλʷء

ýʯһȭͷӦ

Ц˵ħħҵɱġ

ýµĿ齲ħһˣİǸŮޡŮǰˣ֪ôͻˡ֮һ󣬿ɺ֪Ѿħ˲ˣú޵Ҫɱ֮£ħ͵õĽ˿ȸôš

ºôţ

ʧһƣȴֻ¶ɫ
ʵϣʾѿڣעβǣһ¡

Ů˵ֻҪܴɱħʲôԸ
ǿɲãóѽ

ŮҸʹʹɱħħеֵͰɱŮޣȥȪ·Ҳܼమɱʹ졣

ҡͷţ˼Ůкܣʿеĵ䷶Ӧúúѧѧ˼ҡ

ţ

滰һͬµȡ
ŮڴܵʱҪһʫ黭⣬ôܸôͷܴ˾ͷý˾ýšǴʱȴһѴ󿳵ҪòСһĲֽ

һȷʵ׺ˡ

òһ죬Ǳӿ
ôôܶãеıŮʼջ׷ɱһֹ᳹ס

ȭͷĶ߹ֱûһͷƤҲǱʯͷݺĦͨһƬ

ľʱ֮ǰĻһ䡣

һ죬Ҳɱ

ᡣ
Ŵն

Ȼƶޱȣġ

һɱ

ԤԣǳűضҲɱƷʵ
ҽڲ֮

ӲܲĿֲ䡣

ûзϣΪһͻȻսӰΪ˵ôһιȫΪʱ䡣

ĽǶ
ǸɵٵһӸǶ

սɽʧˡһֱײɱˣħɱħĿͨ죬״̬԰Ρ
ƫƫŵû취оԵѹƣԷƷѴֻɵɽ

֪ʧؿ϶бһۣɱܰж˿顣

Ųæĳ޹Ц̰Ĳ³

ҵͷѪôõ𣿡
ܡע£ƵΣִ˵֣á

ֺս
ʲôҪҪȥ׸Ĺأæź룬˵Զȥ

棬ȥ¡

߲ǣҲǡ

ҿ˿ѴߺͽԸ

һ£Ӧˣ׷ȥ



׷׷ţžе㲻̫Ծ
ѹ²Ҫȥʲôٶ߼ֻҪɽؽˡ

üĴԽԽɣƤӻ䲻һ£ֲõԤðʱ̾ͣ˲

ϣһͣһֱǰͷֻܵħҲͣˡ

õԤ˲ǿҵĲꡢ

ţ㾿Ҫʲô£

Ц

Ц˵˵˻ˡ
ҲŶʱ㣬ĵԼмˡ

ΪǶףû뵽ȻףΪ˰ŹŪôһ⡣

Ȼ
ŲŸתЯЦʹӺͷƮ˹

Ҫ¡㰡

û˵ȫѾֵŵǰٶȱ֮ǰһ࣡

̣·ֻҪڣžͲҪܰϻһʼĵط

ΪΣңңϿյĶһòˡ

ɢﶸȻ˲ٲƣƮƮƴӸߵ϶
ƶ֮ԼɼɵӰһۿȥֻѣĿׯʥɱӣĤ֮УҪ̴ĿͷŲð

ʿָо

Ȼڴ֮ڡ

κ֮飬Ŀѣŭ΢ǡ߬ȭͷбѪ͹˳޵ҧгݣѪ˳

Ҫµû
Ⱥ߸ϵͻȻٴ˵أȫΪˡ

Ųȥ

һƵᡢνϿֱ飬۸ֵֻˡ

̰ģ뿴࣬Ͻͣͨ£ϲȥˡ

ܺͶ˷йص飬ûвɵĵ

Ź

֮յøӿŭȴɱͬХһҪû˲ʶôˡ

ⱩŮ

һڷӿѪɫЦЦһ뷽跨ţһ߼̼ǲܹġҪԱһԪ񣬿ܲܰңָָԼָָϣȺɸըĺõ£

ҲþܣǳҪ顣
˳ħѪʱһ⣬ҪͨҲ֪ʲôӣȻۣһֱصڣҲϵ˿̲

ңôãһӣҲùˡ

ѹ˵ʲô

ȫ񶼷ɵ˺ͷȴԶĵطûĿ֮ǰ벽

ʶ׾ж˾衣
Ҳʶһֲ˵ʵ

ϲȥ
Ҳܡϲϡ

ڸϲʲôԺиֳ⣬ֻǱסһϢ

ٿͣɤ类ѬһΪʲôҪɱ

ϣҵ취ȥ
ǹȥҲԡ

ЦŴ𣺡ȻΪ˸𰡡

Ц֮£ȼĵڤޱȡ

Ҷ޹ԱԪ㣬ȴҺ㣬ӵڶʼƴءøҲ벻ֶĥҡ
ֻҪһѾǷǳˡ

֪ⷬΣǲϷȥˡ

Ľȫˣ˱øӲ
֪Լû˻

ȫ£ûһ˲Ŷ˷
ȫ£ȥģΨһӡ

ֻܿԼ

յù̵Ž˱ˮըһԴȻȴʹ侲
ǰһ·ıƣһЩ뷨

ԼΪ˶˷ʲô

ǣûвܷĶ

ΪӦ

ԣֻҪƵˡ

뵽ж

ŶŶϴҲڿʼ˰ĻУ֮ȡһֱͷϵķΣŽ˽ӴȡһֲڵķɢͷԺ˼Ů˵ţȥǸĮ

ǽ⿪ʲôӡƵġ

˵˾ޱ䡣

һŴӻȥĻҩֻ֪ǰ壬ȼԼըٵ·ϵеˡ

ҪǴۣûʲôǲʧȥġ

ƴһС


ʱ䣬ƽĳָ߾״̬üȼУʶ˺ȫŵȥ漴һһֹϸһʯһ׳涼ԼԤ⵽дڵĹ켣δƶ켣

˵Ժ޷ܺϢű㲻룬ſ˴ԣʲôǣ˼һн壬¡

ֻһ¡

Ƴ·ϵһϰٶȸϻض˷ߣЩҪ۸ȫſڵϡ
ϵɣҲҪһƲקǵԴ˼

ڽ˷֪ضˡ

һֱӽУȴԼͻȻʧȥ˶ٵƿء
ȭԴʱһϢңͨ˵ٶĪģͨˣмкܶԲʶӦػ

ûС
Ϊ

һһ·ԣܳκεطκι

Ԥ⡣
׽
ɿ̽

ǰѿ޾ܵط
Ҳϵġܵġǿ

ò˵һ̣һֱƤЦ鶼ڰԼڴķչէȻܵĿ־塣

־ԴͷѵҲǲӿѪȻսĴڡ

ʱŲ֪롣
ܿһֱڶ˵ʲôͣЪʱϳ־־飬Ǽ˹ĳֱʵɽ

ζҪ

Ҫǣɱһǧ˰ٵĹ£Ȼֹڴ谭ֱȥ

ɽԵȥһ·ŵƽ졣

֪ԼȻԴﵽٶȡ
ȴȻڴˡ

ֻſһ㡣
ٿһ㡣

С

졣

ϲϵġ

һɣ
һҲð

޽糣˵ʿ֮Ѱ󾳽ͻƣҲôΪģԾȥΣա

仰ǶԵģֺȫԡ
Ϊ˻ȥܲվÿһĥѣΪƽߺһء

£ΪԼܻȥ
еϣһܻȥ

ʹͻƵģҲȫ

Ǿ
ǲʡ
ǲԸˡ
ǲ԰Լڵϴĥ䡣

һеһУɾ˸õԼ

һ˲䣬Ҳ֪ʲôԼԼͻ˼ޣͻļޣΪҲһ˷֮ǰ¾

Щں

ֻ֪ʱ˿̣ڻˣվ˺ߴ֮壬һ֮ӭϵɡ

档

̫ˡ
ˡ





76.  ˶   ȫꡪ

Ÿˡ

ںһƬر֮ǰ

ȥ, 㲻деɽˡ
ΨɽڷӻǶеĵطԳ˷һƬ, Ǳýźݺݼ̤˷ԭò

ͷβһĹûꡣ

ɽʿ޲Ŀɿڴ

ʱ򣬵Ϻϼ⣬ȺƼۣ֪˲١ʶΪЩβ˼ȹһٵģĻж֮飬ܡ

ɵ˻, ֻԾ
̫Ծˡ

Ƿɢأɽ, Ҫ͵͵׽ħ, ͸îˡ

·ͨ, ͸һգ۵ĹͻȻưôһȫȥ
Ҫһ˲ɽ

ɽܺԣ
ʱ, ȫǵĿվ֡

ΪΨһһõҲҪƬ߲֮ʱǵӰ֮䡣

ֻգһ۾, ͻȻ

վ˺ߴ, ߴĺ紵ķ, ɫǷɣϼΪġ

̧֮䵲
޾η粻ð벽˵̬Ȼ˵ϵɣʹ㳲, Ҳݲ˼Ϊ

ˢǶ֪ӡ
ֹһεذ𺳵ࡰˡͣǱסӹ̼Ѫ类ȼƵ, ÿһգÿһѪڷڣһƴһ

ʿǿҲվˡ
ˣ޷Ƿ̥ΪС

½һ룬쿪ǲ𲻾

Ǹˣվصм䣬Է֮ӭϵŮɽѹվñͦƬѹѹ֡

ɲǼ䣬˵Ժﲻɸֳ֡

һˡ

˶ݣҲ־ж

ӰˣڼĴ£һ

һ֮޷˵ֱȥ֮ơ

춯ͬ㶣վԭأıӰʣʲôȥ

Ʈһ䣺ɽж˻ĵСںòȻ˸ô

ֹһ

ܺӿȪ֮ʿ׷վ˳øԵİ취嶥ȥ

ҵָ߶ȡˣҲ¡

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Ҳȥ

ûзҵûˡ֮գȴԹۣʵûȥ

˵ҽܾˣҲȲˡ
ΪЩħһϢ֮ɱǧˣҽޣҲȲЩˡ

ҽȷʵȲˡ
Щҽ޾µʿҲܡ

δǸز٣ܾ



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ʿŵֵһᣬܵƱһʼı껹Ҫң׷׸о⽫Ǹֻͨ򱯾ĵ·

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ҽʦǵĶ飬´ʱҲֵõġҪûþҲһԵس嵽ˡ

ǵľŲɲĿ

룬ʣǿҳŸСʱ䣿

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ҪתƣҪ

ԣһ֪㣬סϣĻ硣

Ȼᱲܣ֧ŸһʱҲ⣬ʲôȥ

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һ룬ԭؾûӰ̧ͷȥ۾Ķֻһֱ˲ſһ֮͵ؾʹȥ

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ҪȥЩһս

ƽʱ˵ҪɶһֻҪ߶ÿЦ
£žƾԼı£Щɲ߲ʵɴһܣҲδɡ

ҪԸ⣬ҲܳΪǵеһԱҲ˵
ѹţֻҪ׽

һֻŵ飬ǵڶξˡ

ǰڿ˷ħˣԱԪ֮ǰտƾۼĨ˺ڡ
Īͽĳ˵ľ磬оԼܣȻǿһЦ̸

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ƾǹ˽⣬ҪƣֻҪ뷽跨˷

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ץһס
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뵽ǹɾʢͣҲǸݾԼ·
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ɴǳ΢Цɾһ仰

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ս꣬ͻȻʧˣŲȲףϵڿзɡ
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ǺܵӣǻЦЩλСڴǽѵɡԸǻصһĺó硣

Ӧˣϻǹ˵ǡ

Ȼæɫͫɨķ嶥˵һȰɡ㣬ҲõǸʱˡ



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ҪһһٵҪŬһ㣬øǿһ㣬ˣӵɹĶ˷Ը뿪һ羰ĵطãеģ



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