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ĻһŮ·˼ס
Ůϱȴ˲
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ҵǣڻԭȥαȴﶥԭ߾顣һξͿԻȥ
εȰȣȰȡȴ֮ӳԽ
Ů֪飬ĺŮ˻ӭ᣻ͶܸıС㿪
οǰܸˣоԼïܵ㷢⡣
ܸ̲ŮŮ˺ƣС˷ˡ
վټܸֻ÷ȥһƬεĹ
ǺǣٺóҲһؼҵ·ǣ
ϱӶʮͻڸ׸˼ҵҵȴΪŬ
һٻԼʮꡣ
֡˻ȥྐྵӿɢɢ˯
´£ƨ£
ԺλҪߵǸڵ
㡣ܲش£
㡣
һһֻؼȴȸŮɶҲֻڽȴٶȸҵ

İ
лλ׿ԽʷΣֲ꣬ƽԪʮˣʮ䣬ʮꡣлʷ֪Ůĺ£ıŮƽȨ˶ߣԱΪʿ˵ʱŮѹȵںˡ
ҽ̳һ㡣ֽ֮пʿԪ;ˣʮ䣬ʮꡣμң¼ңĸҡɹ쵼¡䣬սһ¼Ԫ
꡷Ƿ⽨ʱľĹˣҲҹˡ
вƽƽ
ĻСĺЦ滢в
Ů໥꣬ɾ͡

Ԥ
1.ҪУѧģ΢漰ȦˬģԲһѧ
2.Ϊ˺αʹζʧ飬۾Ϲˣ۾ʽϹڿָܻ
3.ܲսǸԣ˶
4.߽ܺڦңг

ݱǩ ǿǿ ͢ Խʱ 
ؼ֣ǣ  ǣ  ö˰
һ仰飺Ϊ˻Ǯϻ֮·
⣺Ƴ⽨žףδ


1 һ
ֵ磬ͷ̫յңҫĿĹ̵۾ۡԼĪѾƫƧ񶼲мʺģûС
òװСϵ˰ϣӦõþ˰ɡ
ɷõĸûŪ꣬ɱմʪˡ
ͷͣͼƫƫϾжѹԼ
ʲôôôأ
μѵĳſƤӳģһŮò
鲼ѪҵͷԷΣֱֻĶ
εݶÿ죬岻Ŀʼ
ͼӵ漴紫һʹŷ綤һֻڵǼ⴫ŨҵѪ
μѵתԴŷ֣߷·ʬ塣
ƿϵǾŮʬĵվȥ϶ʬ壬еŮģСθͬԱ߻
ʮʬڴˣʺѪҺȾأϻŶϵļʸǹ֮ġֵΣ˼
˶ˣ⵽ʲôطΪʲô
ϵ˿ԽԽʹʧѪ㣬пڴʧѪݿˡ
ҪϿֹѪηȥطʲôӣûʲôĹľľȥҲ׸ߣľЩͰľӲݡ
ĻôӦС
Ȼǵܡ
ֲΧ㷺ڻûʲôҪ󡣻洦ɼ쳣֡
ҪǣܾһֹѪЧ
ܶڳ˵ܸõϵļʸõܸ·ˣȵ֭ˮٰѵõĵܸСķ˿Χ
ʸδγΰμ˿ѪҺһӿСɾ潻ˡ
Ҳ֪ʸʽһеγʱֻⶼҪε顣
ûרҵҽθҰμ
̧ͷ˿̫̫Ĺ켣㣬Ӧһң̫Ƚҵʱ
αɹͷۻòѰ˸ƧĵطţѪֹס
βйԼ
ǿ˿Լ֡ȴ㤵ķ֣˫ֽ覣ڴһС롣
ⲻ֣
ֻؿѪӿȵĺܣȴ˸ֻú󼹱ëʡ
ǰһƬֻʲôأ
ȲϷԱҲûôļֵ˲óĳֻΪϷˣ
ѪŨң̲סŻ¡
ȻʵϣŻһȴʲôûŻ
пȵһֵײײʼʬ
ϵʬԳֳ࣬һʽͬЩףӦǾӻ˽һŻŮСǡһഩ£ãȻһ˴ŻƤ
һӦ֮ġ
ֳ״ӦʿڱŮС׷ɱԷ
ֵǣϸϸЩ˵õ洩źʿһ¡ǲ֪һʿݵ˻˼ٽ֮ʿ
鷳ǣʹǿȥûɶŮͺӣڲ·𶼷˵ȼεĻ̶ȲͬͣŵİʽҲͬԳֳȼ
磬⻪׹鱦ʯ֮¾Եøˡ
ηеطûҳһˡ
ʬʱʿҵˡƱ
ƱһǹٸԼ´ʱ򷢣ڹġ
Ʊӡ־ǡǬv
ǬvźǺ󺺵šЩ˵ķθǺġ벻ףϸϸĿһƱ
ƱдǡͬΪ;Ҿ죬¼ƿʮɮϲٸꡣΥǬvʮ³աҲͷ׼ˣǬvʮ³һգǬvʮ³սɡΥһգһʮ
ԭĳүļҾ죬ֲʽ˰󣬾ڵϵĸ˶ͷġ
ֻЩǶΥڱʮµĻᶼûˡ
εһϸ˷ǵ·ʲôûƱ·ʲôûС
ô;Ůһ·Ӧˣֻǲ֪жԵһʲô·
ȷϹ岻ԼģôȥǴԽϷ
һֿܶӦһʾŶԡ
ƫƫļһƬհף֪֪·
οЦ˼ʫɡνĹãȻҵãμҲĹãȻ
ͷ˵ʬ壬ۡЪ˺һȷܲ٣ſʼѰµ
ԭѰ£ǸļҾȥֱ롣ĪҵѾŮ֮ġ
Сۣʮָ紺УһǲմˮˡҪǣԭȻ£˺üƱӡܶаʮѾһСǮˡɰﻹһЩӡʵڲ֪ЩֵǮ
ٿжϣӦʲôѾߣпǻͼǰ߱ĵطɰͷҾĶӦѲܲŶԣôһ֪ϸ˻ȥ
ƫƫûκεĻ·֮ļ
θķ״жһ£СҲʮңҲԳУȥĶ顣
Ӵͬ꣬Ҳиһǧ๫һСȥôԶĵطҲδڷЩ
ôûпʵǸżĴ˳ġ
һȥǾѹԼϵŮʬ
Ȼҵ·
һдšͬӻϣʮ꣬ߣ棬̡ЯŮСϣΪ̽ɴͬǰ䶨ܸؽ򼴱У;Ǩӡ»ӡڡ
һҲֻ࣬Ƕдһ䡰ֱڴС롱ξ֪Ӧ·ˡ
ôԼӦϵŮֻǲ֪ʲô֡
οڵϵλĸף۾
Сӹһ٣ĸſϻţпΪеļʸ
ۿ̲סЩ졣
Ĭ˺һַ˷Է·ֶԷһ£Һϵһǰɫġ
ɥ
ȥˡ
пĸȥˡжһǲ̫ǧ뿪ǰꡣʹȥˣҲӦиͬСһûдµˡ
ȻˣǸȥĿԾͼˡ
ˣκôҵԭȻпܸĸ˫ôǷǰĳҶμˣ㡣
СûлΨһеľ··մѪֻµ˵طͱ˾ٱ˶˵
Ϊ֮ƣֻǰ꣬··Լ·ڹٸǲһٸţûʲô¡
˽֮ǿбܸΪԼٶȶʱڽ궨ӣɡһȥ·
̫ʱѾ
˼һβŷԼθһľΣַһɶġ
ϱӸսؼߵʱûټˣҲûǷʬ塣ʹͶİԭˡ
ʶľᡣ㶲Ŵܻдš⸱˵ĶڿӰ
Ъһԭĸ׵ʬãȥμˣûԭĸףԼȱˡ
ȵȣʲô
βһǇNN
ˣ
лҪ˵
·ƱϵĻڣ
1.·ֵļ_·_
2._Ʊ·Ŀ_ѧ


2 ڶ
εϰѻԼϽıϣֿٰѷ˿ϵĵܸ˴ɹٰѴɹԶһ
ɹӹ͹ҰݴУҰݺ
漴ɵĿװ
Ľˡ
ˣûϡ
˵ɤźףڵϣԶܹü
һ𣬡Т磬غҴˣȥһûлڡ
ǡ
ಽЩ·ᡣδǰҲ·͸ûʲôƵġ
Է㲻ǵģҲϰġ
ȻԷƺˡˡôӦǹϵֻǲ֪ǱҾһɱҾһ
Щȥҡ
ûҶ̬δֻװ
ܿһ˷ߡǸƺ̧־ˡ
ɱҾһ
ˡ顱顱
Ӧֱ˵ϵ
ţξһϸ΢춯Ӧĸױᶯ
һĶˣԷӦǱŮһ򲻿ܶԴɱҾʿ˴ֱԴһС
ʵϣεȻѡУ㿪һˡжҰޣˣδ֮ǸϽҴμҩƫƫ֪Լĸطĳǳ
õİ취ǶһѡýŲţټֶһżͷڵװ
˵һĿδ֪ǼȻǱŮһôӦʱ˺Ժ¾ֻܹһһˡ
ǿݼʱˡ
תѣǶ̴ٵļһ
Ȼһһĺš
ȿǸδﱧŵʬη·˶סˡ
Ǻֱײȥ˫ϥһԭϵߣϵϵ壬һһĺš᲻ϵ¹䣬ѾʵҪ޵ʡ
ԭĸһķӿĸ׵ľĿ־壬ǰ·ãһѹβظЩŨҵĸ罽͵һҡ
ΪԭʧȥޣҲڿԼǰ·ã
˺Ҳȥ·ָô죿
δѰʬ˵ϡۿС޵ģҲ̵ֲġ
˵Сӣڰ
ڱ֮УֻǸˡߵߣ˵ڰ
û𻰣ֻһֱޡ
ȵЪɳɤӣմ
㡣ֽ֮ʮţı֣ɻʮ֡
ɷ񡭡ȥ
㡵˵ͷȵ档
˵ţ͵ݸ㡣
ĺܶһոֱֳټԭĸ׸ոȥʵڳԲ¶ҡҡͷ
Ҳû໰ֶֻ࿴ۡ
ξԱߣĿϡճϵĲмҳ
ʸʱԭȥ˷ɼȴվûܱԼŮ
˺
ĸ
ӱĸ
޹

֮Ĺ
ǬvʮʮգТŮ

ӣⶼڼµˣδɡվƵ
ûǰϵΣһ仰û˵
Լû˵ҲٱԹֻĬĬ룬СӸòɡ
ؽһ·ϣȹǡپ԰ɡλС۱룬±ذݡһ·֪˶ټҷµۡ
ӳĵشɽҰۣһ롣
ݣ
棬òɡ
ĻӹͶ̥
ڵĴҹǶôТ˳
л㱣оԼӶҪˡ
ԻΪʲôӶֹλá
ôȥӾҪϲĸ׵ɥˡ
̲סֹ˼䡣
ҲǣӶ̸ܼˣԭҲشǸˡǶӵĸҲǶж񱨡
ôһ룬־С㰮ɡ
ţ̲סϧӡ
ʮԪڡ
Ǳһװ
á׵ʢŮ˵ĶƤϣ̳ȥˣȴΪǸ׵ոտ״Ԫ͵ûТ
մ׵ɥ£ƫܼûڵĳֻùλұá
յͬͽӵĸҲ˵Ϣ
⡭Ҳ湻ùġ
̲סϧĿ㡡
ΣɵӶܿʲô
۲Ϊ㡸ɴתͷΡ
˿̵ר־ǩɮ˽̸ġաʦ
պ֡˵Ѿˣвˡ
ĥ˺þãָһǮڵüһ档
̲ס룬ұԵȫǮ
һ·Žǩɮ˴ػȣתԺ
վվµ
Ѿ·ˣĻѾȥˡƫƫɽϣˣʱáˮûЩ
׵ĺӺüëȴԵôüĿȧǸʣ
ӣǷ֮ҲʺһСΪ䱸СѾͷҲţǩɮҲվš
ĸ˷վγ˶ŵ̬
ȿڣʦָ̡
̾˿̴Խοգ
γĬ˰Σİ
һΪλӰ¶磬Ӧǹۡ
ολ˵иĽմʦŪ˵ŷʣ̲סʡ
Ӵͬ꣬ӱϣƺƻƺӡκΡɽһǧ߰ٶ๫
һ·ݷָνܹؼңһӲ񣬲ˡһһݣߵɽţȴûһеʿ֪ʲôҲûһܹȥ
γԳԵЦЦӳһһŵµ
Ȼãۿıϡ
תһһߡ
زȥˡ
͸֪زȥˡ
Ǭvʮգγ¡

վںɽǰʱȻָƽﰲӣֻۿȻǺġ
վŵƺŻˡɡԵĽΣɽǰ⼸̨Ϲȥһ˰ˡ
Ȼεվԭأһ·ͷĴʱǼٵġ
ѾƽĬĬ룬λǾѵ׼øѵ
˵ʮ㡳ø⿡ΣˬɾϢЩٴбŵķ
ĶĴűʡ֮ʱϰ䣬ʵͶ֮䣬࣬ˬ١
ʱˮѾͣˣվɽǰͷ
ζ̲סһλ֥Ŀɡ
ʮֱ֣̻ؽɡЦ˵·ĸɥӰԶȥˡ
º͵ЦЦá
˵ų̋ס
һðǰ£ļ磬Ϊ˸ͷ㡣ʶ˿Ⱥǵ̫״ӵƽ籡Ĺâεϡ
οҫĿĽ⣬ЦЦ
Ļزȥˣ͵ΪԺˡ


3 
Ȼλûü˼Լ׬Ǯ֮·ج
뿪µǸϣοʼϵΡξ֧飬½롣һһ롣
Ȼһҹξķһűֽ
ֽС˵Ķһܷҳ
˿ڴϣϵػֽϵݡ
ֽϼ¼ӦһС˵С˵̫ܽԹΪŮϱӱĸȺ˸ɣٻһһҪҸɾһƴ
ǵģİֵֶڽլĹ¡δ޶ĸã˶һڳ̫
ջʵΪɢԺһһһ˫ˡ
Գ̫̫Ųдˮ֡ʣµһ־дɾɪĹ¡
ķ飬ͼԼΪʲô
ڣβʣʮֵʱҵˡ
Ϊ˳гػһĲĵƷ£дһڣǵıСӸĸɥͶܸΪ˼̱ǹϵá֮ʱɷŹȴǰӣ˻ʺ֮ɷ룬ȻΪСһɾ
κȻ֮ˡ
пܵʱǳɱ㡸ˣСӡ㡲֪ΪʲôûüСˡ
Ϊ֮ľ飬ξͳ
һ뵽κȻ֮ͼ
˵ֻҪԭľ飬ϣȥ
ûκ˸˾ܻȥξ͸ץסһƵģŬԣϰװ׷
γһһ䡰֮ʱɷŹ򡱣Ŭ˼ҪȥһԸϷӰۡ
̾˿ֻͷͺ
ʮһ㣬Ŵ˵ʹʮӡ
꣬͵ҵһԸϷӰۣϾܲȥһұнɡ
Ҫûԭļ䣬Ҳ֪ԭԸΡдԭ̱ܲǿԼ
ǾֻܽŸĸ˫¸ıԼԸ
ǵãǰʮֶûгֹԭڳΪ˳гŮҲΪ˴ˮġ
ҲãֻҪĬĬŮһڵʱƾܻȥˡ
һ뵽ôоеϣ
һת֮һһ쳣Ͼ⡣
ǷǮˡ
հԭĸףԱһ¹ڣСԭҲȫյƣΪԭһ
ռ廹İõĻű˵Ǯ¡ʹǿռ岢Ըġ
ڰĸԭ޷ġ
ҵԭǷķǮûأ
ԭĸŮױլԺƵʮӡʮɥ£곤ƣǮʮӡ
ԭǷķһǧٰʮ
ʮͷ
㡰ЩǮȥԶķĴ߱ơ
ծˡǷһǧӡ
һ֮һöֻҪʮӵ£һǧӼֱһ֡
붼õù
һ뵽ǷôǮ˯ˡһշת࣬òԺһǴˡ
ڶ죬һı
ȻѾ˿ϵĻһ·Ҳݷ𣬼˱㲻ͣһ·У㡷·Ҳûʲô뷨һͰǰꡣ
ʱѾн䣬λӣ㵽˽ꡣҹ㡡ξ䡣
ҹǰʮգһܵ꣬ûᡣûм˿žۡҲû˵ĸɥ꣬ĸҲˣƫֲԸǸĸɥɴסһ
ûɶˣҲνͼҲǼӣܸ
һˣȫԱ

ˮ½ĴվԱ˵ȴܴٳ䡣
ʵΡΪ
ڼֱξȹܾ㡿ºͿףǫǫӣʵϰ磬ӶĸɸƵġ
ʮçײ嶯ȴѾڴ֮ͬأǧ·һ·һ˿һĲ׵ġ
һʮʵĸη塣
ҪǣԷϸ緢μ㡷ԭΪˣһֱͼ㡱־롣
κνҪˡ
ҹˡǰʮҹվٷԸ䱸˷˺;ƣÿһ˶˸±˷ʳ
̴±ӡΪɣӡ˸϶¡
϶Ƚϳ󣬻еȷ֡
±Ŀʽ±ڶЩʡ֮ġ
εζζЩڰе塣
ֻǴ˿̣˲ûʲô±˼෴ģЩɱ
˵ɱ·Ҳ̫ԡ
ЦºͣҲЦÿס˿ȥЦ̵ӡ
ʳ±һС룬ȿ˿ڣʮ֣ҳէв֪ܸ֪ʮֿɷΪҽһ
Ϊεһ裬Ǹ²ӣĸӡ
˼һ
ûŮ
ˡ
ԭĸ׾ȻǸŮ
ŮŮܸҲֲʲôô
ϵЦװȥˣ˫Ŀһǰ·谵ӡ
ΪȤ
ЦЦֽŰοɷģܸ游ĸ
Ǻǡ

õĿ˼
Ҳ֪ѹĶЩʲôħ֡
̾˿֪ǰ·ߣû뵽ǰ·ôߡ
Ĭ˺һ̽㡣ʮ֣֪ܸ˿ΣǷҪЩ
ζĿһۡ
һ졣
Ƿһǧˡ׼ǮҪ
ûû¡
ֻҪƤ񣬱ܽ
ε׻㡽Ǯ
ʮʮ֡ɷٽʮ
㡻ǸЦӯӯӣԡ
ǰɣȥ·⣬Ҳ֪ΪʲôǾ쬵ġ
㡽˵ʮ𣿡
ˣˡ
ˣ졣
Ϊĵĵ˱ݸԼծ
㡶Ǳ裬һڣڸ۵кЦ⡣
ʱ˶ڷڣ
˵¿ˣǰСδһ֪Ǹӣֻ˵Ǹʲô˵أ
ԼѾˡƫƫϱϱڴͬⱲӾȻǳ׷ɱл
μǼʧǣһ·ݷ𣬴Ӻ³ֲ֮ϵ̽
ѭ浸أ˽ڡ
Ͷ㣬һҹ㡣
˼
θոսǮԭΡƫƫ㡲˵ר־Ʒ裬·վЩڡϸϸĲĭʲôòӡ
ӡ
΢еѰֻûһʮ֣ܸʲôͬã
ܸλŮԴ󷿣µ귽ˣٹ±ǼǣǡΣΨǴء
ˡ
һʮ꣬ʮ꣬ʮ꣬ĺǸܲͷ
ʮ࣬ٹ߸¾ʮޢüڶźм䡣
ʮ֣λã֪ǷҪ׼һЩ
㡶豭ɨһۣ˵󲮸ŮĸΨһӣʮ֮⣬˶ټȿδܾТ
һֲ˵Ǳ̸ܸҵġ
ܼ֪ιóϮ𣬱֧㡹̡
ε͵͵ĵһڰ㲻˵
˾ôš
㡵ȻԵõļĲĭ¡
̧ͷһûһĿ±һµӣʵѰ˼Ǽ仰Ƽ򵥽ܸʵϢ
˵ӣȴλ󲮸ǸܲǸӡ
Ϊ̸۳ˣǻΧڣ㡻Ҫ
οЦֻλ󲮸ҲһĶ࣬ΪЩ䶯ܸҲʵ飬ٲȻǿλĸĳ̫á
룬̫п潼˻ﳼ֮Ů
Ƕڻܲͳûʲô
Ҫ֪ܸԱԽ࣬Խӣ滷Խӡ
ҪⶼЩʲô⣡
μֱ
ڿſӿݵͷ·ǿǧٿ׵ġ

β̾˿һԵ㡲Ц
ⲻ֪ǹĶô㱿ҡѵϸȤģҲ޷еܿڡ
Ըֵѵһǧ
Ŷһǧʮˡ


4 
ڶ죬һ˽Ͻ˽ǡ
֮һҲϷسǡһ·˷֯
ӵģԼСģˣģ̻ģдŵġһ˼̻
αͷŪСĵƿһǳ²ؿһ·˿ᷳ
ǴδӶŽģУϱİˡ
ĸǡϸ󣬶ƶܸڽǱ䶨š䶨ǰİﶼܼҵġ
ܼǽ굱صĴ壬Ӽŵڣλø߹١ſڵƷʮ˳͢Ľڸенʿ㺲ֺӪƷ
ЩƷִָһؽһأֱۻҡ
㡴δƷŵܸš
ʱѾ˶ͱڳѵôñڳһ꾲ӡ
㡲δδŽǽ˶ǵƫšһƫţ̾ǿ׳ֵӭһ̧СΡ
һ˽ӣ㡼̸ȥǰԺ
ӹӰڣֹ˼ݡãһ˿ûҪͣ˼
ִãƹƫһ·̨ͤ¥󣬾ζ챻˵ʱ򣬽ͣˡ
෢ŻؿڣӵĽˡ
һ·ߵΰأҿӴͬϰˣֻҪⶥСϡȫ㲻ףҹΪɶҪôĽӣҲ°緹³
һ½ӣ˸񣬿ڳơˡȥˡ
ˣֻʣһվſڡ
̧ͷһдšٿԺ֡
ȡԺסӦþܼҵλˡ
ΰЦԺǼ򵥴ֱܸһӵǶԼڳףԸ
ȻҲпλԼȡá
ûμϸϸ۲أԺһһѾӭ
ζһѾߴɫȼףͷһС޻òֻ㣬ºͣűס
Сӣ
ֻ˵ͷû˵
ѾҲ⣬ӯӯһ񣬼˵ȸӡ
ƹѾߣһԺӣλһ̫̫
أͷѻףȴ룬̾λ̫̫һ˫۾ƽͳȡ
ʱҲǸˡ
ο첽ǰ
ǻѧϰġǲݱģеҲǲײࡣѧҲΪΣѧĳƷҲֹ֡
Ǵ̬̫̹޾ִٲȻ˾Ҳ˵ʲô
Сӣ
εͷǡ
̫̫̾˿С·Ǽ˵̲࣬סһ
ĸ̫̫ǣε֣ϸϸĴ
Сﴩһ¡üĿ毺ãЩǸˡΪĸ̫ټ;Ͷ٣ֽűǵúš
ĸɥТն˥˵ɥТ꣬Ϊ˴ذ׵£¼ֲڣϸоԼƤҪĥˡ
̫̫Ϊϧǣε֡
ȸȥǶ԰
ȸӦһתȥ
Ƕ԰ĸʱϲĸû͸ң
˽ӣЩˡ
һв˵ƣ׵Ĵ˼վԲ
ڣѹСǧ˽꣬ﵱԼļңؿЦӯӯıʰˣƧʺϾ
̧ͷһ˵λ˴⸻
ǸԷˡȥ׺֮͸¶Щ
ңСһҶ˽ܡվε˸ҽܣ˵ǴĸҲǸƹģʳסϵĲ㣬ǰѰ
Ȼλ縻ŮļĸŮǰլ·ϵСboss
ţĸһһܱˡ
˭˭˭Ǹ˭˭˭
ĸоԼѾŬˣδҲ̫ˣ󣬴Կۡ
İֵС˵ֻһϵʱ䣬˼סŮּӳ϶֮⣬·˼׺ڻңθ
ֱӵһݺݺ࣬оԼ㷢һ䡣
ò׽һڷ֧ݣλĸü
ãǣ㻽ԪˡһԼʮĹվһҽܣһǰĹǰ
ǣ
λӴ˸顣
Ůˣ
μ̧ͷȥŮȻǸӣ浾ˣŮͼ߳ġ
ǿȥ̫ãüĿһ
ȻʱŮû죬ûϱӵӰ߳Ȼû취ɫй
վһλĹǰ˫ձ˵һʸУһϲģиĳࡣ
λԲĹＴվƤЦⲻЦظŮμ
ã磬㻽Ҷǡ
ŮͬĸãҲǸĸŮ
һеԲ
˵űԸѾͷһСϻӡԼǼһĶ缫ɫѸٰδļ񣬸λ
ǣǸӣ粡
λӴһѣѩȥಡӡ˵ҽҲӣһַҪ˵Ŷۡ
ΰԴλӸòƽ˴Իᣬ˻ʲôİɡ
Ȼλӵļһʫ
һۣʫķƤдš
һ˲䣬η·𿴵һλŮ
ϧˣûʲôͬˡ
ŮǴСǰ
ţСĸӽһҽá
λ·ĲǺ²ɵӣ˰ͷθûλӵ׳ʲôӣԼǸС
һС˶˺ͷȥˣΪ˼Ҳٱظ
͸ܼǰλͳһԼĺɰӣ˵Լģʵǰڽ깺ĳƷΨ͸λС񰲵Ǿ³С
һͨҾûãٱܸ˴Ƶġκôһ
˭֪ûأո͸񰲵³򣬹๾Ĺνŵ¡
ŵɫɷף˴
Ȼ˵ĿѾ˳³һ·ν¡
ϸһɸ졣


5 
ãأֻЦһãôһ˫㣿
˵˵ţڸڳȹµĽż΢΢¶һ㡣
߸߹ĽűСɵĹЬ
μ侪㵵ķ֣ȻǹСŵģ
ȥΧˣκЩ˵Ľͳͳڸڳȹ֮£ʲôҲ
ܹܵΧͶĿ⣬ɻģͬġ
ĽѾһи롣
ֻоԼǱ˴һƹǸΪʲôոսʱҪˣΪСŵĹû취ʱ·
ЩȻΪҲˣŻ䱸һСӡ
֮ǰӴͬµ꣬ʼʱˣجج˺ú¶ޣûлŮӡҪŮôܻԼСš
θûϵŴŴ󻧵Ůǹŵġ
ҽΪβ𻰣ΪĽЦ
ð
ޣ
θעⲻ뷨ֻǸоԼҪϢˣ¶Ҫﹶȥȴܸ
νʾ֭ͼԼҵһعŵɡ
ĸʱӣĸϧңԸҹСš巢֮ĸĸʡٲ壬ΨΥТ
εĽͣڳһÿɷӡ
ҲǣϽҰѾͷһ˫Ҳǳе¡
ˣǹøĸ飬ضϣһ˫ʱǲܸοøĸ֮飬ϵȰοΡ
ǳϿҵĿһգ֮εɴ˸ϡá
κɵĿ

ϣĿ¿ңеΪεǡ
ζ˶񣬵ͷ·ǲģȿ֮ʱȷἰҲ㡣ǾʣΪӣ˸ĸԸ
ꤻ˵ҵͬ⣬ﲻͬ⡣
бȥصȥ
ͶܸԼĪ͵ѽָ磬֮վӭӣո磬˻ûɢء
һС档
һܾûȰû˭Ҫľ
κòװ˹ȥԾԼʱȫˡ
̧ͷһŮⱯĿڿ;֪ʧŮ
Σ
׵Ϸ˽˵Ϸ뾡۵סа̾һĸŴ󻧶ҪŮ꾲һ˫СǱ衣Ȼʹ죬ֻ㽫¼Ѱ
ɿһ¿ˮ̵ӣϷҲ˵ʲôֻԺȰˡ
ţȻĶڿģһһĶθоԼһȺ
һԱݳΪ˶ЦһλڡϷˡ
㻹˵ԱʵʵǿͷԵģв׵ģȻһøϷ˱һСħ
Ŀɿڴֻ۽󿪡Ҫÿϵ밲Ҫôڿ˼ĻǹֲŮϱҪա
һһ⣬㷢Զ㡣

ͷĸƣɢˡ
γһϽԼһϷ˸Ѿ٣ߡ
˵꣬ͷһ˿´ҲΪأ൱ȣϷĹ¹ùá
ȫ̰ͷߣԼĪǿǵ㣬Ҳûٸ䱸Сˡ
һƹ۵ĻȣĸоԼˣܸôô
˺һڵ롣
һССԺӣ񣬻ľԺǽǻ׺ż򻨡й¥
εסڶ¥
θսע⵽¥Ĺģ¥ͰԿ΢еơ
ʵ൱Сݣ
Ǯˣȥһ׷ӣסԺͨ䷿ҵңٸһ鷿ˬ
ԼĻ˶¥СԹϣڷŰβױ̨ż֮ģζǰ²ɣӦТԵʣΪ˸صİ衣
¥ȿͨ磬˴ŷ֣¥Գȥһ¸ǽ
Ŵ԰ֲǽƲ´ӴȥһȻ
Ϊʲôһ¸ǽ
ɻһҲû롣
ʰú̽һܸĻ
СϣЦݳȣĸνܸӣÿʱ̸Ϸ밲밲ϿлԺӣʳϷãͳһȥȡ˵˵ţֲһ䣬ϷӻТÿǰȥһΰɡ
εͷʾ֪ˡ
˵ʵڵģλϷǳʲô˼ȥ밲ˣζ൱ĸлֱӸ൱̶ϵɡ
ţκƲʵ˵ڼֻʶü֣֪ϿЩŮŮѵţҲ֡
ζŮŮѵ˿ȤֶӶࡣ֪ڶʶֵ̬ôġ
ôдŮŮѵǰǵʶְ
΢ЦŵӲصģٻŮ䣬ʱҲжһ˵ֲ⼸ҲҪ̫ķٹѧҪˡΪأСӲԱա
ѧ
κܾȡ
һҪŮӹСŵĵطȻŮǶʶ֡
ӣЦЦӣܼʫഫ˵Ů޲űǵ¡Ƕֲʶһأ
һΪ˼ˣһΪɷ
Ȼϵıֳһ˰ãȻ
˵ɶ
ﰵ̾һģ״ЩҪúõ̡
˼һҪһܸ֣˵ƫƧһЩҲТ
ܲƫƧ
λܸԺеĽ䣬ֲոʱоԼô߶߲ͷ
˿ûбֳлƫƧģܹһ֮ǲʤмˡ
䣬ξͷ΢ЦƺһЩ
˺һȣڿաǡôİڳãȻмɫһֻԼݼֱ߽
ʱô˼ߣûȥԱء
ȰȰһ֮ͨȥΪʶȤĵݸһССĺɰ
һ֪ǺɰֻһСͭǮ
̧ͷΣȴɫߺ졣
ﻹΪΪᣬ졣ʵεһθֽ¸£оԼdang͹ҵĽ
Ǯл˶״Ƹ߸˵ˡ
Ҳ֪ôǮ춼ãʵ̫ˣ
ΪһƶŮʽܶΪʮӣծΪһǧʮӡ
ǷծʽĽʮ
һ뵽
֮׬ǮϽ׬Ǯ
ֻҪǮ򷿣ܸ֮鶼ˡʱҲûĸƻ˵Ҫ㡣
ŶŮ


6 
ѸӦܸϾܸľģһѧںٵĶһԳԺȺ졣
ɱƣӾ޶ծѹο˵ǹ൱⡣
ʱܿ͹ȥˡ
һ磬ŵضͭëš
βֵҹٲ˯ڽ̤ϣԻط˯þⷽӻͦźġ
Ůɣˡ
εĶˣ֫Ǳӡˡÿһĸѧһ㣬ڴ۴͵˴
Ůɣѧεӣ𴲣ϴһʱ̱Ҫ
һķߴ£ʰϣ˼Ҵҵĸѧá
κʵ̫Զˣȵε¾ӡʱ򣬷ѾкЩǶˡݺݺ࣬ò֡
δһº¾ӣطеִĽңһųڷŵ룬ԼĪиʮҡ
׻ڷһųӦʦĽ̨
ǽһŮͼһ򵥺ϣȰѧġŮͼϵŮ˰Ҳ˭
ӹ£һμ졣
ԭҸʿп˭֪ûڣӭ
ŵ۵ѣ毺ãţͷһֻϷǺɼ֮
αܵĹһӵļֵ
µͷ
㡱|˸
Ұã⣬ԪͺáЦӯӯδкǵһɣԱߣи
˵˵ţǾڵųϡ
ŮΪʲôҪ£ң
ΰ˼⡣
ѵĿգײ
ŮǵĽܣڰܼѧĹ˸ȫܼѧܼҴ󷿵ĸ֮Ƿ֧İ˸оһЩܼҽõļеĹ
һ⸮ĹʮѧѧʮûؼҴޡ
Ͼܼѧ൱ĲȥĹоҲǶһЩݹȫĺ
طԼһжʮŮӣ⸮ʮ
ţǼΪܸѧƶȡ
ѧγһֻء鷨ǡա¡ÿһΣ糽ʱ̿ʼʱ̽һʱ
ϤǵĿա
һһпŮĹԺӡ
ǳϺһѡ
Ǽ̱
Ѹٿʼ䣬ھʲôɫ
һССɡ
ŮǺΪĸãƫƫ˻ͬΪŮԷ˳۲ġͼĸǰܸլϷе֡
һȶ̬ӦܹɹŮ
οǵΪŮڻ𣬺ԥغơ
Ĳصͷ飬һ˵ʲôûӡ
磺
㣬ڳ
Уɵ
ܻѸٷڶԹЩ˾Ǹɵģɱʱ˻Ǯأ
ţ
ڹǡ
Ѿ뵽ˣĪܸܲ˰ɡ
ǵĿգļ鳰ֻڽͷ˺ơ
̧ȥŮ
ԼĪܻȡǣſε֣Цӯӯ˵˵ʲôءøôܳأ
ΪĿŮһۣ˵ŮϱֻЩŮ䡷Ůѵ
ҿŮᣬյ˵ð
Ȼ类ɫǵͨ졣
ΰҡͷŮŮ˺ƣһڻʲô¡
ȵȣתһ룬Ϊ˵̱ŮԲܳгŮڵĴ
ⲻһõĻ
ﳰ̱ˣȫŮһЩССĦ
εϣ˵ԪǲҪҲãҲˡ
ǡͳͳ𾪵ĿΡ
ⱲӶûôġ
ǳѵΪ
θоԼţƻˡ̶һ仰ȴֵıֳĺ裬ͬʱŮֳŮһģӦ˾趨ƫƫֻһССĦ˭Ҳ׽˭Ҳ
ҼֱǸţ
ޱȵʰԼ飬ȥԶһſӡ
һ̴סˣԾԼϱԴҲûɵֵزɡұ˻
ûȵ˼۵㣬ѾĿαȥˣҲ˵ʲôֻϢģ
ΰǱŮ䡷˸飬ȫֻһܡ
ʲô
Ϣ
Ȣ֮壬Ů޶֮ġʲôǣŮ󡱣ֱԷθ
дⱾİӲ̫ðɡ
ߺߵķ飬̧ͷǸŮͼ
ǲǰѰɡ
Ĳʱˡ
ζһλ˵꣬Ÿ˷ΣżΪţͷҲֻһӡ
ǰЩѽڣʶѧݼաոΣλŮǹˣ˵˵ţͿʼ鱳
μ侪ֵķ֣СǸܰѡŮ䡷鵽һζܹС
ʿˮƴ鵽鵽
ҵǣīƶٶӦˡ
ģĵӣֱӵŮ䡷еġƪ
վԲҲᡣ
ԾǸOO@@
ƺľôΪŮȴᱳŮ䡷ˡ
һо߳ܣֵѧĸоƽδһֺ̹ȻᡶŮ䡷Ů䡷ΪɣĸѧУѧɡ
ŮȵСȥʵΪ㲻Ů䣿
״³ۣʶֲ࣬
ƺһοڣж챳С
ȥţΪҽŮġƪͷǡ
ԺãʵոշһͻܹǸţʵڲԸŮ䣬ĵִôҲûа취˵ԼŮȫģҪݳһϲϲӵʶ
ÿһŮ䶼Ƕϵ裬м䶼
οŮ䣬Ȼ֮;һӿ
õĹǸϸеڳдŮ䣬еСж˶ȫͶ룬ĵθ롣
һ߶ͣһ߷˼Ҫ֮ÿ춼ҪϴԣҪ翪ʼ׬Ǯļƻˡ
׬Ǯܸ
׬ǮĻȥĶأ
ο˼ãܿˡ


7 
ܼѧһֻһÿΡ鷨ӦþͻȥЪϢˡ˭֪֮һСԾԾԣ֬ˮüüͿ֬Ϳ֬ѾǴ⼷ﲻȹӾͷ档
һ˲䣬¾Ǳ˴ͻױֳ
δĿţоǿ˶ʮɼڱ
ټҴҵĴһͿԼСǸ
Ůɣʧְ
̧ͷһѾҪˡ
ôˣ
ĸҪݳ᣿
ĴյζߣŮɣӸոմѧ¼һſΣ˵ϿΡ
ף
ŷӦ㡰ΪԪʶ˳ס
ϿΣΪʲôô
˵⸮СǼһҲˣϾпܼ޸㡣ȫǰ࿴ɾˡܼҵĹǼʲô
λڿ˼ȴҪˡ
Ůɣ㸸ĸ˫£ֺɲ岻Ȣ֮ڡƫ˫㣬ºѡܹ˻ΪʮŹӵңǼõĻˡ
Ů綼ܹѹȺǺװδܲȥŮ㲻ģܽʮŹºӡ
һˮװ磬ªֻŮǼ޲ú˼ңܵʲôýأ
ԽԽܡ
ŲǼ仰Ĺٴżٵ
ǣǣôˣ
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ֱһļʦ̨ѧ֮䡣
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缫ʵһȻҪҲһ
һλΪǵ˥ˣûϵƺ㡸ܻӭˡ
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֪ܲͨ׬ĵһͰ
СǵĴ´Ƚ˶ھĸθԼա
οǵȺԼĺ裬ѡãȻĿң׷泱İΨһΰȥժȥժ
ظ֮ǷˣƬԳԡ
óԣ
ʵϣǸûм㡽ţԣ㡲ǴӺ¾ӵĴŽģӦΪ˱ܿǰŮǡ
ϰ֮ˣᣬֱؿһŮǲʶѾˡ
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λ˼⣬ȴѾˡ
ʦ͸һƹ
¾֣֮λΪ⣬ʫߴһףʱһ㡣

˵ʲô
γĬĿ˿ϵķıĳ˼
ҪôڸסܹϷȴдֵأУҲʫ
һС꾲ţĥīֽг±кǧһǳɡ
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λĹκܲʫܹ⣬ʽƽϡ˵˵㡻佱ѧʫܹ־ϼѡΪȱʡ
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βпǮš
ԼĪζǮϲ˴˵Ũѧ磬Ũѧ籨
ÿһοʦӿڣ

㡳Ĭ˰ΣʵΪν׾
Ѹٻظ㡣Ǿ仰СŮ³ۣѧϰʫ
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Χһ͵Ц֪ĻΪС©ء
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θоԼͷʹѣôܹЩ˵ĵأ
ûȻܼҵ粵ˡ
粽վ˺¾ſڣʵǶԲסٵˡ
ܺãеĿⶼȥˡ
עһŮǺŮ磬ĿһܸӣһܱġλСڸԵƺ̫ð
ܸĸȺ

εһЦ˼׬Ǯƻ
´׼ʱͺá
ӯӯһƣŵĻԼλϡ
ȻƸոŮ鷨Σ粳ƲûȴûϵȻһ㡵Ŀγ̣żҴҵĸϹϿΡ
ҪôʫʰҪô㡰
ˣΪʲôܸĹǶô飬ƺҶǰӡ
λ˼ֵѾʼˡ
ûнƽĶ෴ģ㡴ӡʫʼ
ʫΪ徭֮һڿƾҪĵλβ֪㡿ƾʱıұǲǡʫܽʫǳƺ˼ģɼ书֮
ѾܹʫڻΪԼĶԽŻޱ̡
һʶ㡵Ŀֲʮܹ˼ܣѧʶǰ;
ǳĽ˽ʫʱѾȥ˰ʱ
ζˡ
Ƭܸʲô
ʵϣҲֻһֻҪһܿüѾѰˡ
ϻ¿ʱ䲻ϲŴȥˣϿεʱܲȥ
ҪǣǸӣһСĺ˼һҪȥ¡
㡴Ҳʶڿεʱˣ򵥵ΪԼĻ˸βֲ˸ҵһο֮󣬽ʱϣλһ׹ʫ
˶٣˵ӣ㲻ؽʫֻ豳ɣ½ڿһ顣
͵ͷץסÿһѧϰĻΪԼĳ룬ѵôõʦڣΪʲôѧ
ˣ¿Ρ˵ţ״Ĳһ䣬ˣǰЩӡձʫʵĻȤĿһԡ
ձ
͵̧ͷ
Ȼбֽ
ֻ˲ƵģزСټҴҵϡΪʲôҪҲμֻ˼ˡ
һ·ϣֻоԼǾֻҪбֽܹȡϢϢֲĳʶԴԽϢ̻
Ҳ̻û취ȥţдӵĹ׻ڣдǮҲǸ·


8 ڰ
μҴҵظϻ룬ֱӸһӣ˴ݱֽòװţſٽԺŵӰȲӭȥֻһֽ
˸ڴٳţȫ˱ֽϣڸûٹɫ
һֽࡢСһһСӵģιһ´иB5СбһA4ֽСģһչġ
ҵˡձһ״籡ӵıֽҳӡľǽձĸ֣·˷ȫпس͢ҪŵĿʿ˶ĳЩȵۣС˵̼ҴĴ桭һСӣ󣬼˼
롶ձġ棬ۡݣȫǹٷߡ¼ټʿۡ磬һڵͷžۡʡ񡱡һ¡
ͷĻи߼ۣڡ⡱áɫһ¡ձͷƾǸ˰
˰һûɶϵμ·
ȻһʫĿҵ˵
ǽڵĸͷ̸˰֮һȵ㣬Ÿѵڶɡ
ǰʹŮһʫ˽ޡ֪λʿ˵ʫԼͶĳСųƴʫŮһܳҡ
˻һͱѡ
ػ˳ʫƴ˿ĸλʿ˺ˡ
СͲַ¸ԼԽԽؾʿͬ⽫ԼҹŮᲢۣʿ־ôұȵʫʸ踳ֲݸߵ͡
˫ⳡ˵ʫ֮ҡֱ֮ǰձΪٷֽһ¼Ҷνһ֮Լ
һ֮ڣܽŮǵͶ壬ã⣬ӶѡѵʮƷɸλүͶƱʮ֮Ʊľǽڵ֮Ľס
ο֮Ψһĸܾǽձ棬˸Ŵʫ101
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Ȼη˷ʣµıֽжһЩİСԸʷš
ݰСķݵԭͶ㡡
οֺǺǵģʱΪϿ·ò꾫꾫ͷڵĺʱӸϿ׸Ů̸ķɴӡ
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СδڵвŻιӦԪĹϵһ棬Ůֽǻż޸һ棬ǼֶʼЩ·ѵĲ
һ뵽ɫϸϸĿһһݰСһרдò꾫µСȥƽƽ棬Դ׸ʼΪĸòĲϸһȫƪӽƺŮϡ
ȻһŮͨС˵
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ֵһŮһأǿĺ˵Ļ롣
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һݱֽǺųưСеսҹػһݱֽΪţϿػϸǵسеʫʣеĳ黭˲
οݡҹػֻݡҹػСдãһСǵسд÷ŶʧȤ
ֻЩȤԴǱһһĹѪ죬ûһԸվݱֽͷ㡣
εʱֻǴ˿̵Թ˲Ͼʱ䱯
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ŮɡʵƾܲãȾ⡭Ҫӡټֱίˡ
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ǣŮɡӦСΣŮɣʮɾҲʲôˡ
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ͷʹޱȣһմͿʼøӡ
ˣѾбֽ˭˵ء㡿ɲұһҹػ


9 ھ
ǵġƷΩжߡѡһŴǣһ
ȻΪһŮǣ÷Ұʱ㲻ңҲʱȻ׹ѪŰнʿ㺲֣˫˫Ѽһ
οֵдһͨС˵ı⡪Եʿҡ
ȻһбĬˡ
߸֣ôдţ
̾˿һҲ߾Ȼֹڵһ
ʾ֭뷨ӡԭҸдܸûŵùˣУ뾭ѵԷҲδԸ
Ҫǣдд£ܲԼһдֵäɡѧдһǱҪȥġ
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ξҲͦõģҲ˺ƣҲûû˵̽
ʱü죬һת鷨Ρ
һ鷨ʦȻŮ䣬βԼľ裬ԲѵĸʦŬˣұ˱˻
ɫۿɼĿʼдŮʮ顣
οüĿҲд֡ɷ̽ң

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η˼˭֪ڶⱻȽˡ
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㡴Ӧˡ
ڶǿһ¿Σξյ˴顣
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ȻУ԰䱩
ԭѧϻǻһһݹϵ̫õż䡣ԴŮǺͷŻѧҲû˸˵ˡ
ͦõģ徻
μϿѧϰ¿ˡЩ䱩
СǸƽɹ񶾵ΣԼ
βνùֺǵġ
ӾôһĹȥÿ㡲ϰʱ㡻Ὣ鼮һһ飬ָ졣ǿпżһһӦԱ֡
ڲαװܻչԼĽȡ֪˼ܣʵǾȥլĹεǲǱ
һȫҪηԼ⡣
ڿκ޼ɵѧϰڱĿǧΡ
Էʶǧ÷֣д޽ǵôּѾһ¹ȥˡ
Ŵʫ101ĵһѡνˡѡʮʫʡ
ŮǡᰮʫŮһסӽ÷ϰΪдġҲϰˡ
˼õĲŮ˲Ϊ˫ꡱ
ô˵أŮҲ˲ˣʫɽʺУҪһױȼԪѹľʫʡ
ͬʱҲ˲˵ķˣġԵʿҡɹڱֽˡ


10 ʮ
ɾǽյıֽȾ⽫һֽǰ
㡽ӹ˳ַ˷ôûС±
ʲô
Ⱦһ˲ΪԼˡ
±Ǹϲ̨Сֽ𣿻ַʷ͵ġɾΪʲôῴֱֽ
Īǡɾ굽ˣҲ˼ˡ
ȾϻһС˵ɾСȥ򡣡
㡡šһȰѽյġձˡ
ġձȻڽ˰˰ȶȽͣѾȥ˸ͷͷǽʫʴѡ
֪ǲǱ༭ƣѡʮʫйǸռһ롣
ȻЦЦȻ൱ձϵɱѾȻҷ׷³ԼĿˮ磬ֻ޲֤Լҵʮ˴ûʫ
㡿һʮʫʣȷд൱ĲɱǸڻɵСǿˡ
Сֵѧϰȷǳ죬ʺܸߣ𾪣εʺԳԽѧһѧǡ
Ѿڽ鷨ʶ֣ʱһЩĿۡ
д˵ʽôԣķӡۻ룬ͬνˮֱ£ǳһС֮֡
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׻С˵壬ӳдഺʹѧĹסĴǱȲˣԶ󰡡
ֱԡŮΪŮŮϻˡƷжغءǰ벿˷޺λ˸СϸڣŮĬд쾡¡
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Ůսδ飬ŮغΪТ˳ĸӣǸغҤʮˡβûиŮһɷ˫˫ѼһĽ֣дɷսȴŮాʮ꣬ǲ⣬Ůдסʣղʡɷʹ
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ʹʹĸ߷ƭþǶߵᡣ
˵ֻ泩ȥʹ඼ʧˡ
δĺܺãֻҪƪСһ𣬡ض졣һʣµʮһһס
Ȼǿ̳дģδػѡΣֻҪʮ˵ѡǾ׬ˡ
׬˴ǮҪҲߣ׬ӡ
ʱµ׺žܹȫ꣬ԺܹΪӪĵĿɽ档
Ҫǣס㡣


11 ʮһ
Уӣ괦ԺռɱˣҪǮǮҪˣͼס㡼Ϊѡ
ȻˣܷܲڻǮ׬
пɳչ
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κŬԼ΢Цʮ֣Ҳ֪ĿǰΪֹ׬ǮΨһ;дӡɣҵĸ߰˳ڻծ
˶٣Ϊѣֻҳ룬Ͷʵڲ㡣֪ɷʮִΪͶ壿
㡸ҪôߵϢ׼ε¸иУ᲻ǮҲԸưͿҪϹεͳ
㡴ΪͶζŽһֵķշ̯˸㡡֪ķ飬Լĸл㡰ѹأٿԷֹԼκߡ
㡵ǮǿˣЩԻλεİ赲һЩ˻¡
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Σ
˭أ
㡷Լĳ̹ˡ
ǲ׼дʲôԵֹо˵߸ֶͻƵġ
ȻǱ۾ˡǸԪڵĽʿӦҴˡ
ֻҪһ뵽ֲŶ˷˻˵Ůˣ𡱡
μֱҪЦʹȥ
߶Ϣòô˱ء
κȻı㣬˼󶼵һЩ̲ס붺㡣ʮ֣˵ʲôԵ
㡱ѵдǱ顣
ŶŶ״ƻȻ򣬡ԵʿҰ
̡̲
ܱܲ⼸֣
ιˣ㡣ʮֲϲ𣿡
㡵ʶڶŪʵΡʵӡ̡޹ֺܷҽǡ
ʮϲͺáһЦд²ᡣ
㡺Ȼ˲õԤС
Сıܡ
ֻоһڳϺ궼ûλˣԶܾ׼ŭϣЦˡ
㡰ڳһϵɫֿķʣʲôдܣ
κʧȻûаޡ
ֵĽ͵Ӵˡ
㡣
ʵд𣿡
㣬ʲôʵѽ
ʡ
μʹ棬תķɿ졣
ʮΪ壬ôдݱյĶԴǣʮֺලҡұضŬѧϰӦ͢٣д˿ڣнĺûӡ
㡸оԼ̶̰ʱһݵ
ãд˴־⵱Ҳȡ·޲õηһС컨ձ÷Ϊ⣬ʫ
˵ɶ
λл㱣
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ЦЦ޷ĸѧء
ѧ
Ъ˹źǲģʮ֣ʵ˵˰ɡʵ³ۣʫʸ踳һϲ֡ʵʲôʫ
ҡҡͷǼͬĻдȫĻӣɼһϼֻ֡ڼϰضܹ˸ĺʫ䡣
ҿȥİɣ
θоԼһճϵ㣬ֻ䣬ͷȡ
˵ˣǷծĲǴү
ĲǴү


12 ʮ
ʫʫ
ζϣƱ׼üĿֽīʡ
ӽ÷ӽӽӽա
Ȼ󡭡סˡ
׸ôд
ţһزˣֻ޲һζûˡ
εһʿ⣬ô泹ͣˡ
ҧűʸӣһ磬ڱʫ
ô˵أ
ʽȷƽϡ
ꡣ
Ѿ൱ˡϾѧϰʫʲŲһ¡
ֵʰöŷ춼Ҫˡ
Ѿʱ֣ٺ˷
λһѧ깦κϲãһζԼ
Ǽ嵭Сˡ
ԴТʳһֱ嵭СڣûʳʱҹıѣֻܹˮƭԼ
һ嵭
ο͵ĲɫֻԼҲ͵ġ
̾˿ĹΪ·һڷȥ˰Ƶġ
侫µСɣɫóԵ̡̫
һͨԵ裬ûӣ׹εʳ
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Դٱɸ֮󣬾ͻζһãٲһáãһá
ΪԼĽҲϣܹϺӡ
ѡһ׼вش𣬡Тڹ󣬱һ˼Ҽӡ
һŮɣˡֱԡ
ŮɸĸʣδŮ°ּҲƣŮ岻Ȣ֮ڣ±ضŮ㡣
εͷЦгԲˡ
εŮɣʵģŮˡ
֪ˡΰοҼ޲ȥҲһù޵ġ
ŮɣˡӲ֮޿κΣŮòȴһ˫㣬ֻҲùް
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ܿ⣬˵٣էҿԼУҳţпգ
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ĹͰǷڸģ˲˶ˡ
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һֵֺĸоϱӳڱ|ҵĵߣκη紵ݶζһķ⻷ΪУļߡ
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һѵѩ׵Ĳϡ


13 ʮ
һʶĿԷ
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˸ӸһɫӦǱж
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ӿۣԼĪûȶˣôʵˡ
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ӿһۣ˵ŶСŮɵǴϻۡ
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ҲֵͦģǶȻ˼ţƨ죬ϵļ˼أѪҺѾʪ˲ϣˡ
ٿֻҪҸط˼ɡ
εͷǣ磬
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θϽŶԷ磬ѾʱˣǵȥϿˣҪһ¿λ͸ͳԵġ
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з˺ݣԲҪԲд򷨹㡣ȻҲһơ
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ڣ
㡿׼ʱ䣬һɶԷĵС
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θϽǰһ̽ͷһ
˶סˡ
лҪ˵
ΪһŮκӣȻѺӷչΪ棡ɣ̣


14 ʮ
۽һ룬һۣ༫Ϊұ
ⲻԭ
Ϊ˵ʱֵһ룬׳ģܾ|裬֮ߣһ
λл㱡
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Т֮ҪعٳͱһǻΪۣ㡽ڹٳȥ
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ƳһۣΪǱԻˡ
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ʮ֣ҿλɾ񣬹棬ֻ½Ϊζ㡿ɵӵĿ⣬ӲͷƤ±࣬ʮֲͼһɾӡ
㡵ɫԽԽѿһǿŮӹ뷿ɱ˴ǰ;
һϡ
ʵ벻ˣòУȴֻĿŻԵϵſڡ
ʮ֡μǣʵˡ
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㡵˵ͷҲ֪ǼСƢԸͬǺϲ
ǲûҹ
κȻоֵֹģΪʲôȻô
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βϵػ飬½һԾӰ죬Ҫһ֮Ůûгףֱѩ
ҪؼҾҪסԡһҪúŮӴ㣬ֻܶעˡ
˼ȷ˽һжĿ꣬ź١磬һʰѪĵذ塢ɵĸҾߵ

Ӿô̲ĻȥһֱĴƺ㡰ߺҲûϢ
絽ԺԺûκ˴ҹ룬׵һĴš
ɼϷμ֮ϸ
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15 ʮ
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δ򿪴ɻʲô
赭дĽ͵ûʲôǻЦȴТͲȥ𣿡
ҡҡͷµģ߳ȥܶ䣬ڼլŸɶҪ
ɻҾûʶҲ֪Тڳ֣ǲҪ;𣿡
ϱӾҵҵǱˣⱲӲ統һɢʿŶεĻ˵Сһֵ㡣
۵׵ЦйֻҪҳȥҿԼʮծ񡣡
ǺǣЦ
ʮ
ҡҡͷŤͷߡ
𡱣νϵ׷ȥʮҲɡ
ǿЦ׷Ĵȣ˽š
վڴϵʱһ˲ŵΥѾõɵϢ
Щֵ̻Զķ·ϱӵˡŲһ꣬ȴʱԼһӵΡ
ûԶɣ߰ɣȥԵ㶫㡴δڴС
θоԼǸûӣˣ̯λ֮伷Բ⡢ɫӡС糵Сߡߡۻң޲ٳֻ۾
߸˵Ĵ˳УθȤģǮ
һֵֹֹĸоʵ̫ˣ־ΥɹֵĿУ侲Ĵһ㱡
ûһϾѾһѶȫĸ
𣿡
ηͷ
Ǿͺáº͵ЦЦǰǽΪĶﵽʳ̯λкüʳζ
ȥ
һڣپУȻ졣
η·صСһ֣߸˵ĴӽͷԵβ˸ƤԲ
˶ִȥӿˣϷ衢ˡ衭οδ
Ŵҹܷʢ
ȾؼˣרⱨһƪŴҹĿݣһ˼
䵽Żظ
ظʱ򣬴һӵŮԺ˶һϷҹ
λصʱһ˶û
͵ɡο㡣Ȼ֪ڴʲô⣬ǻǸлҳȥһˡ
ζ˶һѧĴ񣬡лʮ֡
忡ϸֳһº͵Цݣؿѧϰڿ棬׿гЧǸĽ
л͡ζԴָл㡻ڻ
ºһЦǮɡ

λǲĳϷ̫ˣˡ
Цȷϣʮ֣ûɷظһ顣
ָָһ΢΢һЦ˵Ǯ
γĬ˰ΣŵʱûһǮֵʱȴϵǮ
ƣǰСû
ŴֻȦףȻٸ֪и߶ϢҪ
ǣϢǾųʮ顣
ҧгݣʮʵǸҵš
΢Цҵ
ըˡ
˵ʲô֣ȴТ
ⶼ㡵Ļ
ޣ
ζÿӯЦתҪȥȡǮ
ģԺҪ㡣ǹ
ȵȡ


16 ʮ
α㡣˸ۡ
º͵𣬡תл˵
ȻһĻ
ǳɻɡ
Σ
ϵЦѾʧˣȻ͵ĸҶƺԸӣТһһᱻżˡ䵽ʱһѡҡ
εͷ˵Ŀе
ȥΪ̾һ䣬ֲֻТڹȢޣΪż
ҡҡͷӦ֪Ǳ̸ܼģ˵Ҳܼˣܼ֧׸ĸ׼ԭĸյġʱ롱
ȻŴտǴ£ܸ̹ԭҲֻϮûϵԪ
ܸ㡶ԼԭʶȢһλܸйϵӡ
λȻλܸԭ
ֲ㡻ȥѧ̿ΣܸҺ֧Ĺ֮⣬Щܼմ״ʵ⸮СȫǺѡˡ
أ
һ뵽ԼҲǺѡ֮һʱһġ
ֱĸоʵ
ηȻˣ׷ѡ񼫶࣬Ϊѡң
ЦЦϱæ;ȢӣⱲӶѾ¶ҪˣһЩȢӵ˵Ҳ
Ҫѡ񣬲ȥѡһвŻַȤӣܵԼԼҵӣŪο˼ˡ
뵽ֻдװغʵӡ
㡴ЩЦ⣬ȻΪӱԼ㣬ѧʶ
εͷʾͬ
΢Цʾ
ͬ⡱
㡾ȣΪΣ
ΪʲôЦе˵Ҳծӣۣ
㡳Ĭһ˵ҳףծȻһʹ
ΡοɳܵĶˡ
룬׻Ǿܾˣܸ̯ˮ̫ˣˡʹҪ߾飬ȫѡһʵҺûǮӣ̸ٳɻ飬һܹ߾顣
ξܾɻ飬ʵǳ㡵ϣʵ˻ݻΪβӦ
Ȼǲһϼ޻˹ӣһ˱ʣʱѡ
ʮ·ˣҲһƤ仧µļҵһǸʵڲԸʮ֡ʮֻұȥɡ
ľܾתطǮծ
Ȼ󡭡ĽŲסˡ
вƽһһ仰˵ɣ㲻ϲ
ܹü仰𣬵ȴоΪңԶ
һαװĹ
±ˡ
ЩˣαװԼڵ˿ڳ׵¶¹¡
Ժϣȴ־һּµķŭĵ𣬱ӿѪҺ֫ٺŭ
α㡣ԼĶƣθɣ
ѵüһηŭӣȤЦȷ޹أ벻֪Ϊʲôдĸܹȫ𣿡
γ׻عˣ䱥򣬼Ȼ㡷ҪһǾʹһըɣ
ת㡣ǿԼ¶º͵Ц⣬ʮֲߴͽ̡
ĵһдǡԵʿҡĻ˵ŮŰɹµĽŮǱ͸ģգһӹ¶ϡǵһڹǴ޲ֹ
΢ЦΣ
㡼˵˺дġıܡҲһĽ֮֡дӣͳͳһģһĽ֣޷Ůʹ¶ϡ
˵һʮСӣʶζд˽֣һ棬߸ˣִʶüְˣôıܽͬһ·ӷظΣΪտ񡣡
գҲգĶΣڿһ޴š
ԼĪ̫壬ɫ̫ڣڸŵļ̱
žžƣ׺üأʵڲ֪Ҫ˵ʲô
΢΢һЦ㲻Ԫ
û˿ľȣʮֹ۲Һܾ˰ɣȻڲŷ֣ʵʧء
ҡҡͷ·ϣҾͷˡ֪㵽ôܹԪģһģһ
ҵܻܹҵԼΪʲôһٻʮԭ
㡵۾ľˣοſžЦʮܹҵԪԭʵǲʤм
ҲЦҲԸġ
Ҳ
ε۾һ׷ʵ˭˭Ҳģ
ҡ
ܣ
λɵĿ˿㡣̽ĶԶ԰ţԪ塢塢Ǽʣ
㡵ɫޱ仯δʧ
ʧͬ
εĻûȥأǿɷʾ
壬˶»ʶ˵лл˵Դǵõض飬Ƕ顣֮⣬˻»мͬڽ»ܵ͡ĳɳضǼΪġ
˵˵ţ㡶ԣһ󻷾ܹõĽȻ֪ΪʲôԭԪӴͬ·ݷӦþΪܹصԼԭĻȥ
ʼʱΪԼһǴϱӻģ㡺ܿͷ֣룬ʹôڸҲЩط͸¶
ٺɹǲ֪ɽҰ֣δӴͬһ·ݷƷ뷨ûֻϸŽôķµۡ
˼ȥʷϳֵĳӦ˸飬Ҳκһ㡢ŵŮӲѧա
ҵһǰڵ壬㼫Ϊд֮󽫸ӷմֻϧ̫ˣȻɳĹ뷿ҵһƬҴӲһּҳһȴȱ첲ȡ
㡶Եδ֪ĹңĳЩԭԨԴȴΪ֪Ĺҡ
κ޲øܡĦ˹㡹ĸƣʮ˵ԣЩ⼸ʮֹ۲𣿺
ȻˣҲʮһҵƶϡ
ʮԪ֮󼴿Т磬ȫȫȻްֲƽ֮˶ʮֳȶ˷ʮТڴҳ棬ҿʮҪԻٳɡ
νŶ˵ˡӦǡٳɡ
κݺݵҧˡ١ֵķ
ʮ귽ʮ˳˳ˮɣ緢ȴ˼ı㡣ϱڹٳϻˮò
Ȼ˼˵ʲô㡽ָĻӴܲ׷ɣǵȻ˻۲ҲȷǸʲô
㡽ӴΣһԽ˻Ӵҹ۲㡣Զ϶㡸һù
ԼǴԽģ㡼пġ
㡿һڳĳҪЦ
Ҳ֪ԼЦʲôǽɫԼҵ˰ֻͬ࣬ǡǰСӺ˼
һ㡴ЦĪ
㡴ƤͷҪ㡵ĹƤ
ʮôˣĪҵƶŻʮ֣
ǿЦ⣬ǣСӺϻۡССӷ
֪Ը֣Ԫġ
û򣬵һ֡
㡹һ񣬡Сܣһ֡ʱ
漣
εͷֲȻִ漣
εŭ𱣲סˣЦ
ҲЦҲ֪ԼʱεȵȤʱ˿˵ҲǲһЦˡ
˶ЦͥԺһһŮЦ񾭲
κȻñҲûʲôõģ֪㡵ܣҲ֪ܡܹҵһߣǰαװѣƺҲͦġ
ڶ졣
κ޲ô㡵ѵԼ


17 ʮ
ڶǴһТûлμӵġ
һڴ϶ӡ
ȻŸӽˡ
ŮɡɻȾҰӽŮɣ˵ʮɾŮɵտҵ
һ飬Ӵ
㡣Żͨܣҵ
η߷ߵĴ˺ӡоԼϹ˹ۡ
ĺһ֧ӣһ۲ơ
ҿûܴҳʲô
òǳΪѵļɡ
ΰѣСǮҪѪˣΪ˻øһͬȼֵ
ĿǰĻҲһٶӣʼãһҪʮ߰ӡ
һӾȥ֮һСǮǮ
ƣǿǿҪ񰡣
ᡣ
ڻһΪѵ⣬Ҫʲô
٣˵Ҫʲô
ٴʧɫŮɺʱʶ˱ҵɾ
ǿջЦļҵɾһӣһֻ
ֻú󼹱ëҪˣɬɤʵŮɿǱɾᱡˣ
ǲǣ
һٶҪˣæϣ٣ֻǿ˻һʰˣûзʲô
ٳһҲ֪ԼŮʱûгʶֻϸ͵Ůɣ˸ַ֮⣬Ůӵ֮򲻿͵ġʵҪЩķı
۾һá
ϵȵķıǵǮ˼ȥһӣͻһ֧ʽӲͺˡ
ҼֱǸš
ȥһʽӣŻԭǸСԽҵͻ㡡
ǸСӳȥʱοǳһ
ô¶Բȥˡ
Ŵ˹ǷడȻѶҪ͸
죬γĬˡ
һģһСӽԼΡ
ŮɣʮɾתĿҵġ
δ򿪺һ
˶ĺ챦ʯ
βһûʹȥ
챦ʯܴ󣬺
Ǯ
ҧҧͳʮӡУ治ͻ
ְʮ˻ȥúӣһֽԭⲻ˻ȥ
ŮĿҵѽÿ춼ҪҵʮɾǸϸĺŲĻȥˡ
ԼԼĸо̫ԡ
ļѼ滹͵ڶģ͵Ļ˹صĺ챦ʯ
طһƬǸģó˷챦ʯǸϡѰһӶ
ζʱëȻ
ƣ㡸òͷѰɡ
ǰ㡴ȥʮϢչһոµķ¸֮·
δޣôûء

ô¶ɾôû
ȾϸоɾֵֹģǰԼһ˳ȥˣҹ߸˵ķⷿһŮҵΣϸѡȴѡһֵֻرߵ
շоڼңҪԼһСڣׯصСھȻһ
Ĺָ˵ġ
ˡ
ѲɾӹҲҪһƽʿӵ
ӣһѧΪջ󣬹ֲܹԪ
Ⱦ鲻Խĸ̾
ţȾȥԼɾɾѡŮõĶ׹̯һӡ
ŮӵĶ׹
Ⱦɾضõˡ
ֲð֮ǰʲô±ӣ׹
ɾҪȢС˰
Ⱦ⵨Ҳͦʵģɾ֮ˡ
㶣㲻ãһȽ˼Сӡ
ТڹҪף˵ŵ˵㣬Ϊ˷ȤѧʶҲߣӵĻӦҲͦȤġ
׹أȾīߵŵ

ȾīֻСӽµĽӹһ
ô챦ʯ
ȡСֽ
дĸ֡
Ҫ
ʧЦСƽﾫֵҪŮŮķ֮дֵôһԼϾ벻ͨˣ
ȻѾΪΪβϽ͵
дһ䡰ǵȹݡ
д֮·ӣԸȾīת硣
յֽһ

ʫٲãҲ֪һڿβѧʫʫ֮˵
ˣ
ΪɶҪ͸
˲Ұɣ
ұˣ
ô֪
Ӷǡ㡡ˡʷȥƵͷۻ
ϰ죬ǰǲ˵ǳɻɡ
ǰܱƣ𾪼ӷŭ˲ǰεĳɻ
Ҳ̫˰ɣǰ컹ҪҪסھͱˣ
ǣм䵽׷ʲô
л㱵֪ɶͻһ֧λ
ô
ԼԼо̫ԡ


18 ʮ
γ˼Ƭ̣ѯһµˡ
٣١
ټҴҵĸϹ
٣ŮӻʲôԢ𣿡
רעĿ٣Ȼ˵һ䡣
⡣

ȥ㡽˵ûǸ˼㡻
ˣǷǮծڻǷծ
ǵƤҪߵԸծһӶɾ
νʾ֭ȥȻø㡼ٽƺҲǸѡ
㡲ǹŰظˣȻͶ塶Եʿҡ¾֪ˡΪ˵Сһ㣬񾭲һ㣬һ㣬黹׵
߬ŶԷܣǴȫ̸а
һˣܹѶܸµİڲҲܹ˳˳Ĺ
ŻҪʱ䣬ʱ㡶ʮɵ꣬Ƿ绪ïɾ
ʱĻؼңİĹ׼һѡ
ļƻ
²һѳ׼ƻŵ㡣
¾㱸ֻ˵ˡ
͵ҹдˡ㡼ƻĿо桷㰾һʱڸϳһݼƻ顣
ǴģֻܹԺôһһأ
űʣһֽͿͿһ߽˻˼
ߴһĺ
á

ëȻС
תһﴩһվǰ
ξδʶĴ̨ī֭ѸٽȾֽš
ο˿о桷Ѿһ룬һ
ӣôˣ
ոддĻȻңûעĽŲ
Цӯӯǰε֣ãô˻˯
θЦŽ͵õĿҵ̫ˣʵ겻ɣֻܹϰҹдҵ
ºͺ͵ЦЦãէزģһǿˡ
˵˵ţӯӯһᡣ
Σ
ʱ̲Լĺ裬㣬Ҳ
һ졣
Сôˣ
ỨȻͬߵ飬һһŵĹ
ηģǿŵһӽζ
һ߿޵滨꣬һ߻ܿڳ߿ࡣԼճͱңӵһĸһСȹͷ
һ
˵ǱҲҪˣС˴޲ֹ
޻ȥæšϴ
ӣ棬òֹͣ˳ãһ仰֪
Ϸˡ
εͷʾԷıݡ
ã֪ʮűãɷһ¡
˵飬ҲǸող֪ء
δ󾪣һʱ֮ǰ֪£ô֪ģ
ֲ˼ģۿЦʮһգ岻ʣϯ룬ÿʮɾ̸
˵˵ţһִȤĿ⿴Σʮűֺ׽ء
Ŷָ˺ƵʱҺ޲óȥ׽
λعԶ϶
˵ѡ
岻ϯ룬·Ůѵƻ𶼲㣬ֱڻ
ҵǴӸеƫŻģűӣǹվԺ˵ġĴԺſڻģôû
ﲻ֪ʲôԭڴСƫŽұ˷֡
ζĿ
ڵص㲻ȥʲôﵽû㡵̸
һãȻ㣬˵ʲô
Цãߣҷʮűֺס㣬˵Ҫɻء
γһӦֻǰΡ
תһ룬ʱ򣬶ԷһԹŮݼҲ൱ģ׼ԷǸӰ
ϵЦЦҪұܰ
˵˵۽üҶй¶һ˿⡣
ζʱֿʼɻݼ
˼ȥ絥ֱ룬ﵽҪʲô֪кң
θո˵仰һһĺ
ˣݼġ
⽿ݵҲ̫˰ɡ
ԻĿݡ
ˡ
ĿɿڴǼ֮ڣӯӯһȻһȻȻ̬ɿĹȥ
ʵʵڵĿڵשϣŶۡ
ıסˣһӶû˹
μǴģʧȥק
ûϵﾹӲקôҲûа취Ū
ξˡ
ʵû취ˡ
ζĲɾשȻ󡭡
Ŀɿڴ
ţȫ֪ôڡ
̾һûϵ˶ʮ꣬ȻһܹңҲ£ȥħþ顣


19 ʮ
ﱻסˣһææãǽ㲻ãˡ
γһĴӵ
ӣʲôҪ˵ģ
Цãʮˣ˵Цҵ䣬ƫƫǸŮΪֹһ˵ס
ܸΪĸ޸ܸԭź̷ĸʱĸҲΪҸɾֻ˭ϵĸߣЩ¡
ЦΪ֮ƣֻܹãܷʮֿǷͬѧδ䡭
ｿߵ˵ȥˡ
Ŀɿڴ
ʮ갡ΪʲôҪ⡣
ͻʶŴгʽεϾһԼʮͣûжףпܻһˡ
Ҫǣûа취ܼӴļ壬ֻҪڽȥ͵
̾˿ԭļƻ׬Ǯ븮ܻܲǮһɷ򹶾飬ôһ㡼ٳ׾Ȼõѡˡ
ֱֻĶΣʵû취ܴӦȲ˵ûô棬˵һòãҪһӡ
ʵʮֳ˱֮Ⲣûʲôϵ
ڻûС
ûϵλɾܾһ£ǿջЦԼɾҪ㲻ɡ
οЦ򲻸ƭ˵ġ
ｫŽɣΪʮֵջ˵ɻ֣
ʵҺʮֱ⣬ܾˡգʮ˵ҳɻ顣
ζĵľԶضֻһЩģģĴ˽һвΣݿϷ
Ȼϻξܾѿ滺࣬
γһĶˣӦûǸܡ
Ϊ˱㡲һ¹شһϵƣܾܱ֪
ۿŴùΪʧ
λԼۻˣΪʲô΢΢
΢Ц
κȻ֮쵽ʲôġ
թΣ
Ҫ˽飬ôһӦ󣬰һɾϾһʮС￴ôңԼһɣضͬ飬Ӷæ
ʵڲУ˽ҲΪεһѱֻʲôʱˡ
ûи˽飬ôһлᣬϾܸпܾǳܼҵļɾģ㡿ѡ
ͷԷ籩һͨоԼڿһլš
ʱѡԶǶԵġ
ҲƬ
ԼĪοȥл㱣ﻹΪǱʮű־ܾ̣֮ǿЦⰲομ䡣
ŰĺŪоԼոµġլ¡
ҪдزĶóˡ
ζһӵĿ꣬ոд٣Լġ㡼ƻĿо桷ī֭Ⱦˡ
̾˿һ߻ݣһдһµġо桷
֮˵㡣һ
ٵˣȥ

ڶ죬ιյ㡲õġҵ
δһһˮͷõӡ
дֽٽֽѹ棬и˻ȥ
ֽԼһʱ͵ص㡣
ûѡֽϳ飬һֽ˷֣ܾͱסˡ
شֻܹ潻̸
ҹ˾
ιӦˣ˽˯βһȷԼû¥ĽŲŵسš
λƫƧŶԳȥһȣ˻ȾһƬССĺ˵ǺʵǸĴͳΪǽǵĻˮƬΪھٰͻᡣ
ҲΪʲôᱻסԭ֮һʪȣϺó棬һļܳʪʺ仧
Ҳȡڴˣһ˶ڹ۾ʺϳھס
мǸͤСϪͤ
ѾǺҹ϶Ҫû۾Լ˾ڡϪͤ档
εͷУоԼıµķŮ䣬ֻűŮ׽顣
УFlag
һ˼룬һҴϪͤϣò׸ϵطѾ
ʱŷʯϻһȲ衣
ģֽűʱܹȵһȲ裬һůʵǮɣ
㡣


20 ڶʮ
ûա
̵Ȳ裬ůů壬ڵ֪֪ˣ
ĸֶŮ㡶˶٣ǲҲ
ξô֪
磬˵ҹ㣬Ƕҹ̸˺ܾá
Ĳأ
һ²ۣһ޵ʮʵϸ緢ȵ𡱡
ƨȵӣϹſھ
Σ
޹ֵʲôʱ˵Ϲˣ
ӼңܾСӵأ
ƣһ绹㡵ﰲ˶ˣϲŷ½֪ˡ
ζʱ̵Ȳ֣Ŀ
㡺һЦ
αʮֿ֪ڴʮʲôȥˣ
һᵽ⣬㡶ʱ¹ش
Ҳ˲飬ŮȻкֹĸص롣ֵǣǴƫŽġ
ϻҵȻ֪ǴƫŽġ
û֪ΪʲôҪƫŽ
ЦЦԼĴ멽ݸʾϣȺϯĻһˡ
˭
ܼҴ󷿳
ξˣǵճӣŮǵ׸硣
˵̸˽ܣɡ
㡷һЦغ񣬱ƭҲ޿ɺǡ
ζʱͲˣ׼յСء
ЦЦ֪֪ΪҪǧ
ҡҡͷ
һڹ֮أ⺷ĸǰ꣬Ϊ˸ԼҸɡ
ҵ֪ҲûôĵӸæ
ΰæֱ˽°
س̶ȼֱرǰ֪֪飬һ־߰籵
ʮ֣ȷ˵ͦģ˽δظɡ
бһۣһ桱ӡ
СӾ߰˸ȲܳģҲõģǳƯģΪζֻܹܸ
Ŷ뵽ոʱҲ˼־áƨ¡ҲͲ֮ˡ
㡼ΪҸ֮⣬Ϊ˶ծ
θо˵飬ڵ߳
ҲǷǮˣ
Ȼͬ
ʧЦǣծ
δ󾪣ʲôծ
ϤдŲ䱣
̽һһǽŲ
㡴ֻ֪ܲ鵽ôˡ
Զһ֮ڲ鵽ôණ֪ЩΪϱֵǷꡣ
ϱܼ֮ҵճˣ˭֪˽ҳ˵˽ܣΪᱣס
δŮķװܻˣδ޵ͳͳһ߰˵
ҪǣɱŮ֮硣
δͬйӴͳͳȻԸϵģġʤ״ƵõʱڸѧʿǩҪعٸֹɱŮ
ʱڳģҰģӲø߹ٵһѧӣӹϡ˵Сͯ˶̸ɱŮһ¡
ң˱ֽ鼮ƪ빵ı
ؾɵʿɱĺҡ
㡵ʱںԺһ³˴¡
ϧǣʱٳδᣬؾʿʤˡ
ĽĸµĻʺ̫ͬܳһݰѵġŮ䡷Դ֮ɩ岻ԮҴǽŮ·롣
һβٳ䣬ҲеΨһһʧܣԴ֮˺ͨһ֮֮ϣⳡʧҲ̹ġ
ΪһٳĸĸɣڼʶЩڰеؾǺεȵ̡
Żôעϧ밲֡
ұˣٿԱӻǰλСӡ
лҪ˵
ڶŴɰĶſѪڡ
ʵϣҾдһԽŮ磬ԾȥıĹ¡
вƽԲƽ
ǰдСţɱŮҺڻдĸȨȨΪŮִboss.
Ը߶ǣһƪԼȰıֻ
ȻһŮĸϷģΪǲսսѣ־ͬϵĻ顣
ͬģĽҲġ
ܽ˵һƪҵ߲صıֻˬġ
ǰʮ£ӦҲѾˣɳһߵġ
Ҳĸдһ͵ĵġ
ûа취ֻԸ
ڳΪ֮ǰ˭һأ
˵ô࣬ҾȰλϲȴǰڵɳԻ˵Сɰǣȡղˡ
Ϊ֮һֱķɳ粢棬̫ʹ̫ѹ֣̫ɳֲֳܱġСɰҪ׼ãŮҪʼٳɻbossˡ
֪ƪݲ̫ãVһõǲӣȽΪ˹
ݲãһϣСɰһȥ
лÿһղعҵСɰǡ
κ㡸ұˣôô


21 ڶʮһ
ĿƵĿΣ»ϡ
ŷɫףݵĴ면Ͼ͸С͵·һ
üһһɫɷףĲã׬ĸѶ֪ȥĶˡ
ˣͲƷ
ʶķŵѾ˵ˣûԵ飬ȥ
òãһбء
һ뵽ӵᣬֱεĲС
ʮ֣зݶ㿴
㡴ӹһֽ
һֻԼոյι˹
װдš㡼ƻĿо桱
ƻӴĵǲ
εЦʮҲ֪ҲˣǵķϰҲǺ˽⡣ⲻ
䡰ߡһ
ʲôƷʫʿθΣ
ʮ֣ϸ룬Ҿʵٳ׻Ǻкôģ㿴
á

𾪣ʹӦˣһûҵأ
ڿ˼дô࣬Ȼô
ʮ֣һһ㰡ǡǡСȥ㡵ɫԼĨ㡵ӣϾɻġ
Ҫϲúùӣ֮ƨɻؼˣǿˡ
û£νҲҪһˡø㡽ᣬҪǼٳ·ȥұˣܹһϣ
Ұɣֵϲġĺδ޷ݣαصһ֦
ɫŹ֣еЦ
ɻ飬ǾõȵТڣʹſˣȻȢӵξһ൱ѡ
˲ѧʶ˼
Ҫǣ໥߬ŶԷܣȫҪıѣɲҸ˽ˣһµദʶ͸¶ܣǽԼ
ʵѡ
򲻵ѣǾԸɱַʽػԼܣϾֻҪһкۼһձԼз鷳ˡ
ŻǽķĿɳˣֻҪͼвҲԥĴΡ
ţһб˷ܵĹǣôζԣҲʵѡ񡣵ͬģҲڽнӴڼ
˵ˣ԰ͳͳԶԷַͣ
ʵõķӾǲɻ飬ֻȻͼȢӵȤȻҲҪܶĲʧܵķա
ƽ˾ʫ͸ҪƵģʫͦٵİ
β˼ЦЦˣɲģҼһٵ
˵˵ţζʱ¶һֲĿ⣬ʫ°أʮҪ𣿡
һǸӣʶ¶ЩЦ⣬˵ɡ
ĺδ޷ݣαطҡͲ࣬οá
˵°ףĿƵȥ㡵뿴һʫȾ˶ոС
˭֪˰죬ֻɫŹֵĿ
δ˴͵Ȱ㡱ϲǼ˵Լã
̫䣬紵ӡ
κΰ̫䡭̫䣬ӱסˡ
㡵ͷ豭߾ȫڸԼϵЦ⡣
ˣҿˡ
㡸ɴ಻ˣЦڸǲס۽üк
һ˵¿ˣԽԽ»֮¿ЧҲһð
Ⱥͳ࣬ڶֲ֮øһСʫʿ
ŶˣǾô˵ˣȵҳТڣٳסֻٳҲиޣʮ㿴ޡ
ҳТڻ꣬ʱꡣ֮ұ롣ꡣ㿴Σ
θоеͷʹ֪Ůԭʱ䣬ΨһȷŮ˻ʺ֮ʸŮڵ˻ʺһµûд
Ҳ˵βȷ뻹Ҫ꣬Ψһ֪ŮڳջʺȨ֮µҲΪɢǧ֮
ڵײꣿ
áκݺӦˣȷֻܹĸʣΪ޷ȷ㡡̫ƽˡ
֮ãһʱ䲻ǾֻȥһӰɷˡ
Ǿô˵ˣұĸ¡
εͷʮֿɻбķԸ
ҡҡͷҹɫ̫ˣȥɡ
ǰ棬ûƣµƹˣһ·ߵС㡾ζʮ׸ں棬һ·Ρ
żͷǵӰȻ̤ʵࡣ
Ҳûô
˳ĬߵƫţνԺţŻȥ
лҪ˵
ұҪһ䣬һΣһҲ䱸ΡͬģҲġ
ϱӻ쵽ڸ׸Ĳǿддģ㡵ı㣬ļơ
һй¶㡵ܣĸɱεģֻôĻ̫ˡ
߲ôд
һƪˬģǻΪսѡ飬ᷴĿɳ
ǴһҪ㡵˼С׻ǡ
ε侲ǣΪ˻ؼҼٽ飬ѡһϸѡôģԡ
дһλΪףСɰǽܲŮͼӡ


22 ڶʮ
ɾ˴ˡȾŸС˽С˴ʮӣüĿһԲ
㡡šһηӦĻͦ졣
ΰʾˣεĴְʾڹĸѾˡʶн飬硣
ȻڶԼΪƽȵĽһᰲһΪӡҪʲôķʽ˰ȥ˼˺һڻǾĸһˡ
ĲأѾ˼ڸǣˣȻҲҪŸˡ
һ㡷άסһ߸˿һƽ⡣ǣϸ̹ͦģ˷ܹ໥ζԷȻöԷǸ̹ˡ
⡣
㡷ԸȾ⣬ӽԺһȵСˣˡ
ǡȾһӦһ־Լû˯ѡ
һģʹŸС˹˵ǽɾɾæ|̺֮Ҹȥ⻰ֱװ׵˵˾͸ɾġ
Ⱦ⵱ʱ˶ˣǴӹģɾƺΪעλСӡ
ȾĶҶʣֻܴСɾ
֣
С˵ͷ΢е㶶ءɾСıж˻
ϣ˹ī
ֲҪҴ㣿
ͨһڵأС˶ĸ䣬Ҹա
ЦЦδĸǸ´ڳˣӿɹʵġ
Ҫأ
˶ڶŮŮ˵ɾɾƣزΪСˡ
ʧЦ֮ǰξȻ֧жôСɣ
ˣȾ⣬ȥʰʰ
ǡȾӦһ
ɾһȵСֻȾīԭһλӵģûϵĵ֮׳ӴҾܾ
ӲʹȻȾ⻹С
˵ˡ
ԺȾīôЦң
Ⱦ⣬һȾīйʰ֮վ鷿ſ
Ⱦ⡢Ӧһ
˹˳ȥ
ûһȾīͽˡ
ȾīȥǲٵĵܵܣʲôԵĵط
ǡȾīӦһɾҲĹӲ鵽ˡ
ӣسáԿţϲЦûƣ޼λƺһƺسõĶ˵Է߹ǿӣ޶
ƺռͯҥԻóãӡ
ҡҡͷһ򲻴Ҫмϰ䣬㡽ʱᵽسйεʫٿԶ϶ԷҲѧġ
ѧϰ˱ض־ᶨһ߹ӵܡ
˼ǣƺʶسòҼΪᶨΪسûٵǴ󱦣
ȤϱӸûˡ
ļ⻹εļ⣿
εļû⣬ôô֪֮سûǻΪۣ仰˵εһ֮طԼʱǸɴǴʷ֪س˵ġ
ǰߣͬһʱεļȻͬΪʲôأ˵һ죬һꡣʱٲͬ𣿻ǸɴͬȴƵ硣˵е˽硣
һ㱡Ĥָ
Ǻߣô˸õĽ͡ڱĹȣǰǧ֮ˡ
ǧ֮ʲôӣ
⿪һţȴַ˸ţ㡵ۿɼĺ
Խ˷룬㡾ԽȤ
ζܵøԼҵȤ¶
ȥ긮ӣλǿܸëˣ
գ㡵һسáûȵسѹ㡸ɴİݽ˽긮˵ܸ˸ëŵŮ죬ϣ˺ϲ顣
ڼ
ӵһһʵС!
ʣһͲǸͨСë
سһͷԼ˴ֻ˺ʵ˺ˣ
سһԲ
֪Լ⣬ܱ¶ݡʹľҲҧزڡ
Сܹ˶ȥˣʲô
˭֪ҲǸˣԼҪϡͿİºŪȥˣһǸϸȴûͷдͷߣţƨɻûڸλأ͵ñ˸øͿٵš
ˣԷǸϸǾǴһ˲ǼϸݹأҲȫ˵ԼϲǲȨ󣬾㱻Ȩߣ˹λôܵøĸ٣Ϊ족
һӲһкᣬ
Ȩ֮£ֱӻسõĻ˽С
ȻȺڵ۾ѩġ
ɲɣиƺĻƺ첻ȥˣıΪеʽ͵ѩ
ӵϢʱ򣬲ʶ¶ڴˡ
һСëҹܸһ뿪ǿ󳼸ۡʼֱȻͬ
س̶һһء
ҪǣʵûӣʱǴһڷĶӵй̡
ҵһʵۺѡˡ
ᶼҪˡ
ֻ޲ȥԼҪҪʲô
ô£Ķר˵ȱ˽̲顣
֮һ뱱һ
̲ʵң
ӵҹƨƨߵҹд˼;
ϵͳΪƵļӽ귢ֻҪʮҡ
Ȼ󱱾ĳó졣


23 ڶʮ
˵һɣѫȴָչүүء
ڻǿ󣬴ܳķʤЩǶѫʶѫ׽ӣֲ
ȨĹǴǣûµʱͳͳѫ󡱣ֻеҪʱŻȥ֡
ôһ㣬ڵѫټ׹ɵġѫ󡱣֪Ρ
Թѫڲкü֡سأǿ󳼸ۡҪ췴ţо췴͹һǰȥ˭ɵء
ѫڲĬͳһ
Ҫô˵Ĺǲƿ߳ȨأȨȾ󲿷ѫǴҲˣҪѫǶ࣡
ʵᶨΪʲôԭ뿪رɱһӰ٣ʵۺѡôֲ࣬һ
ΪҪȲԷĿپδ
ԾϳɳصĴ˵£²ôҪ̸̸ϵĺ֣ѩ֡
ҡڵǽͷݣֻıߵķĶҡʵڱƼˣһ䡰Ǭٶϣԡ
ЩôǾ£иⷢӵġ
ʲô£뿪أɼĸ±ҪʲôϺ֣ѩ֣뿪أ˻һһʾͣްۡ
üѼߴߴ˷ݣسñѾȥˣسõĴû
سþôڽ긮š
˵ţʵǺóԺúȵţϵȵĽҩšϾҪǴͷţдҲǽǽôãٷ
˵ʵسóû֮⣬ӹþȻѵõƽ
ȾīӣûԼ
㡾ˡ
ǺˡϾȰسƳģҪû㡣¶ͷϡ
νڰسƸʱ֪ἫΪˡ
ϾʮˣŻ׷ֱһŲȽڵĿ
㡾һ˼سôܸ¶ͱ˳ȥ
Ҫسñˣץסصķ֮ӿɾǴһˣʱǺ޲ø㡽Ϊ꽻
ϧˣسñͷŵļʱȽϴ
һ׹ǻʵ۵׵ܵܣʼֵ֮ûУ̫󻹻ءƫƫسȻΪȴǹΨһųĺӡ
Ҫ˵سùܸΪ췴˵δǣǿЩҪ֪ܸĹܼ游ܼ游ȻλѧʿȴԶھһȥˡسþҪҲȥܸܸɶ
δĹǴ󷿡ɴ󲮸ֻһɣȲ漰ӣֲ漰Ρƽ˽ľõˮñߡһüΪԵĹٶûԸ£ġ
˵һ㣬ﶼȴܸ췴
֪Ļسһᱻų˷ٺ»ǰسͽΣسó˺һͷ
ԾҲǰ֪ѵһ֪֪ѣԼܼܲ
ýسóԣôŮӹ뷿в˿ɲʲôƷС
ڿһسñͷˣһᱻʹûͣٵϡͿѾ޼ֵˡһҲġ
㡶žȷԼȻǸεꡣ
Ⱦ⡢˭Ҳûһǰٿӡ
ʱãֻһǰ밲Ľã밲ϣظңҸ衣
Ҳ֪ǲ㡹ѡӣǰ밲׺Ӿĩβģﶼǰ档
һͿ㡸ԶͷżŮ
Լû˹עԼ´㡡
ˡ
㡴׵ѧʿͷϴѧʿͷ׹һС赡
θ̾Ǹµк
ֵͷԼ²ɵ·װεͷؾķ·ϾҪ˯
ͬТô˼ҾܴؾʧʣҪ̨ݳľ͸ݳ̨жױƵġ
ҲûҶ࿴
Ŵ󲿶һ㡼
ҵǴ󲿶ӲߣҲߡ
ӾԱ㡵ﲮЩȫǳ֮ͥ¸˵仰ȻްʣµľܸĸӡǶ㡵ãѪԵ˵ȻҲûʲô
ҪװεΡ
Ŷ
ʶľǿ΢΢ͷ¶һ޳Ĳ촩һɫĳȹȹӦǶĶ˸ģĳ˼ɫ
ֺÿģȹӵǸƴð
Ȼһ顣
ʱʶǳġ
ε⿴Ȼȹӳĵ磬͹¡ڣ΢΢¶Լ毺õߡ
Ρˡ
ҲҪǰ͹̵S߰
㡡βô⣬֮ͼˡ㡺֮Ȣƨ¡
˺һģջĿ⡣
㡣
ϰ֮ˣϰԵעܡûע⵽վˣϱӶͶͱСӶȥˣ¶ǡ͵ĲûСϰˡ
Ρ
һСӶһС¶Ŀ⣬΢¶һ㣬ˮҪˡ
Ŀء
Ȼ뵽ΪʲôҪٳɻ飿
ոȷԼʱ㡾⡣óĽλڵĳķ
ʼʱǱһȥģøСӳɻҲ˼ģǴĺãһҲ
ɡϪͤҹ̸ʱѯʻޣ㡵ʶٳ׵ģ˳εĻ˵˸ޣӶȷξڵȴĳķ
㡴Ӧ˼ٳɻ飬û˵ǣ˹ͦã鷢֮δԸߡ
ôһԼԼĻθòɡ㡵ƣһͺ룬˫˫ܡ
룬ⲻܣΪϪͤҹ̸ǻλһš
οǸʵ̫ˡ
һֹסĻԼ˸ǲ½ˣȻȲһ־ϲοɾǵ˼ˣϾ˽ܵĶȫӰ
ϸϸĹ۲˺һֱµģػزϵؿģǰˡ
ֻɱ۶Ǽʱ˼ⶹǳ÷


24 ڶʮ
Ϊ˱ӣһֱͷҲû˵͸Ŵ󲿶ȥˡ
֪Ļ㡾˵ɻһµġ
㡵ȵе˶뿪󣬲̧Žˡٿӡ
ոսžͿȦϣ˼ˣ۾
ĸ˸
Եɵɵۣ۵ȴһƬ
ʮôʱˣ
ЦǰЩ˶࣬߶ǰĸ
ҲЦһķԸϲ裬ϸ㣬ùЪϢĿɺá
һͨҳڴһ澣ŵʮĸ£
㡵˵ͷĸʮһĸ
û磬ûͷûҡͷֻǰš
ʮȢСΪޣ׼
ϸ˺Ȼ̧ͷ㡣ʲôʱ£
ʲôʱϵԪ
ȻʵĲǾʱص㣬˽ܣ
ڣԪﲢ˽飬಻֪Ҵ˷ǰΪ¡ʮŵսؽ꣬ްԽ֮ʫʣҲڳ˵ܸĵһμ桱
㡿ɬЦЦĸҲ֪ĸ¡ȱȻȥʮŲԡֻʮʵڲԸһųŮΪޡ
̾˿㡵ĸǸΪŮӣûñ׸ĥˣûã˼Ҳ֮ͽҷˡ
㡲һŮΪ޵Ҳ
ô֪Ʒеأ
ŶԪԸ㣿
㡽͵ͬ£˽ƷСĸʺ䱯ʹȴܹɥ£֧鹱ɼƷˡ
ˣѯʹԪΣ
ʮδԪ̸£ֻĸ˫Զڴͬĸ¡
ϸϸĴ㡡
ǰʱ̹ģʱ̫үûȥ㡵Ŀҵ̫үԽڵģʱ̫үϰʢϵһ֮֡
̫үֻ꣬ǰˡ֮ǰ̫үԺֽܼҵҽ㡡
ܼ֮ԭ佫κ̫|֮䣬ܼҵʱ峤ͿʼͼϴסܼңĻۣܼڴ佫֮ұʫ鴫ҵŵڡ
Ȼѧǿһͳȴ
ҲΪʲô㡻һùԭ
ʮһǰԺʼѧϰһжϡ
㡵Ԫһգ̫ү˽꣬ü档
Դܼ֮ҿСеĵһˣ̫үƫԶڴ󷿵ճ
ƫζ޵
ȢΡ
ʮɣҪԪҵ䣬޸ƽӹľΨһпɳƵȢܿɫϷ˻˻ʵϲΪҡӣ̫үš
ҡҡͷĸҲ֪ҵļĸҷģҳԹҵĿࡣҽãʵڲԸһҵ·
㡼ֱҪҿ־֢ˡ
̾һ游
㡵˵ͷѾȥ游游Ӧͬġ
Цһ㵹ţ
΢΢һЦȻΪĹٳᵳӪ˽ΪЧķʽʦѧŮ
ڴ룬㿼һپʦζſƾٲΪҴ˲šѡιķʽҲһֳôǹϷ½ľ²ĺ÷ӡ
ʦѧϵ֮ǴһٳͿʼ˵ġ
ĽᵳӪ˽Ǵ޵ġղġ
ҪѧʦŮȻ˵ܹٷܶ뱲ӣҲζ˵;ֹƷˡܹ߽ƷԱС
ĸҪǿаԼŮŮƷǼֱͱˡ
缸õܹϵ˾ĳŰƷһȹλҲƷ
ƨԣ
游ڴܹپһƷ࣬Ϊһ֮֮ϵ׸סϰʢ
򲻻ȥȢǵŮģпȢܸʵǿ׼ҵĹŮһЩȴûʵȨĹԱ֮ŮӼƣԺɽȵȡٲȻһЩ̾޼ֵĹŮ
ʵǿ׼ҵĹŮ֪֪ףڳֵüլΪʵǿ󣬱׼;ϰæ
˼ҵĹŮиܹýֶ飬ɷɪ
̾޼ּҵĹŮǮЩǮͻᱻͨٳϵԸ̾޼Ǽ׽Ͳù̽ϣһȨַơ
μֱǸ¿մ
Ϸ˲ŻһٶͼȰ㡣ϧ̫ү
ɼȻѾдŸ̫үϷҲͲ˵ʲôˡ
ȻѾˣǵԪТ֮͵־ٰˡϷüʱ˳֮Ϊĸӭȴһ˫㣬δ̫ˡëǰΪšˣ˵ˣǿԵġ
һ˽뾭ѵˣҪǸιţξ͸Թ
ĸʵװ˼Ϊϲ
Ϸһ죬˵걻̣ôôˣ㻹ǵô㵽׶ʲôҪ
ƽ̫֪ܸϣǸʲôӵˡһ̵ĺȻҪжܸʹӲڱԼķС
⵹װģϾ
Ϸ˱µ޻˵ˣˣ֪ˣ̫үһȿ̫ү뷨Ρ
ЦЦͷĸΪұˣ²ҲҪСӵ
ϷһŮӻűǼܹȻǺõġ
ˣ֪ˣزԪġ
ЦлϷˣһͨҳŸ뿪ˡٿӡ
ߵں£ǱߵҲûš
³ˣ˵ֽС˳ǡڣ˷
ܼһСѵõķŷʱ䣬ʶҸϷ갲ͳͳ˸ȥԪ֡
ֻΡ㡴ТڣټϷʹˣҲڣɴɴĸһСǳš
Ȼ˵ģǼӣܹõЩСϢ
ȻĲ¡
ѾдӾ͸˯ˡ
ɽһ̬Ľ䣬ɫΪء
Ҫ֪֪㡵ֻ֮йصϲŻ硣ԼĪҲ֪ԼּΪ̫ãһ޴ǲεġ
ôˣɻ
紭Ŵӡӳˣ
δ󾪣ôˣ
ǣӣܼӣ
ãܼӣ𣿡ǸܼССܲͷ
ôˣ
֪

һԻ¿أ
Ůɣԭ֮ǰ񵹺ãŲŸչǾͻˡ֮˾ȥϷţϷ˳ٿӣȥԺӡ
θɻˣô֪ģô֪߻и鱨Сţ
ȾŮɵġ˵ɾӳʲô£ԺϷȾ


25 
ɫһһϵ㡾Ⱦǰ
ʲôͬص֮ʲôϵ
Ǵ󷿵СŮĸһϷӣ˵ԸȽ
ѲԭĸΪ̫үңҲǸϷӣ
˵ԭĸ׺һǸӣ
Դûҵõͬ㡣
ȴ磬űʳ˼·
ȣȥԪ֮ųµģҪôԪָһ£ܸ֮ϷҪºˣҪôǻصܸ֮ų¡
룬ӦǰߣΪܸǰģǾмؿԪֳ¡
һСܳʲô£
ܺӴ˹ƷǰҪĶ
ҡҡͷճΨΨŵŵӴ򲻳һƨСĽôܴĻ¡ֻ³ɴĸϷˡ
Ļ¸εʲôϵ
˼ȥҲ𰸣Ϣ̫٣޴ƶϡ
Ȼܹ֪ϢƶϣǾȥѰµϢ
λȻ磬١
ŮɡûκپʹϷˡ
һ֪¹ִˡ
ʲô¡񵱳سǿι뷿һΣܸŮ飬ֻᱻأΪʲô
ɱӺ
ȻһάסϵƽЦӯӯĿôңϷкηԸ
˷粻ֻĿƵĶΣСӣϷ˷ԸӴȥһ֥Է
֥ԷĸŮסĵط
Ҳãֱȥ׷ʲô
װһãȻ֥ԷΪҪȥ֥Է
ЦԭҲСӵ£ֻϷ˷ԸˡＫΪѵӡ
֪·Ǵ̽ʲôˣֻװһƽĺߡ
硢ٵ
ŶСӣϷ˷Ըֻȥ
ĵǿǺ簡Ůôֻǰ
١ԶʱȥΣε˵ͷʾ룬͸ˡ
˵ʵδǰһֱôϷ˵ġٿӡ롱ѾԶˡûϵӡ뵽֥ԷԸԶ
λܸϽǣ֥Էλڶǡ
бţҪᴩܸԺ
μҴҵĸ·һ·ͣߣɼʹˣ֥ԷԶ
μҪɵ֥֮ԷѾҪĻʽˡ
ظϵ֥Էʱ򣬲ŷطԺŽգ氲ˡ
òҴɱ˷ʬɣ
˼룬Ժţŷ֣طɱ˷ʬֳڿʡ
ԺӵĿյվһֵǣЩ˷ֱԺӸ᷿ſȫһӣ˵ɴ۾󷿼ѾŮܳ
Ϸȸվڶ᷿ſţˣûӭǾְĿض᷿
ȸͷʾ󣬾ʹν˶᷿
ոսţβŷԭĶ᷿
ֻȥȫͷ
ξȵķ֣ܸ󷿶λ˼һλСӣֻһε̫үﶼڡ
ССĶ᷿ܸµŮ졣

һôˣʱһġ
ⳡɱӺﲻֻһֻܸŮ죬ȫλչֳ塣
ʶľȥ񰲣ϾǽֻɱС̡
ڵϣɫݻ̣΢΢
һŮӣϸһŷֹŵ񰲵ĸ
ԼǿˣϷףڵϣԼ˵ɡ
һ㶣ԭǣ񰲰
׵ԭ毺õױѾһţϵؿͷĵöͷѪģϷˣ檲£檲ãĪﰲ˰ɡ
Ϸ˱˱ֻۣüͻͻۡ
㲻ҽͣëأ
شء
Ϸ˵ʾȥëӴ
ͼë˭ĿŮ΢΢ƺЩ⡣
Ѳɽǽҷģ
λû׵׷ʲôأһŮͽͷۡ
ëӽˣüĿһ¹ùǳɫȼסȻλëӾǸĳ£ǲ֪Ǹʲôģ
ΪʲôϷĸڣѾӶţëȴԽܸ¡
һ˼һעëӵж
ֻëӽ֮ǶϷ˸񣬽ߵŵԱߣһӣˡȻһ񰲡
̾ëͦһʮصСξ񰲷һļС
Χ˾һ
ע⵽񰲱֮ԭŵĽѾӸûЬӣֻΪ·סβû
ĽѾӶʱһֲ̫õԤС
Ȼë񰲣ȫ񰲵ȻԼһ˵ǿа
һߵŮİֻ絶ʣȥͼƿëӣȴϹذס֪ͳһֱӰ˲š
һĸʱ˺ѷΣ
񰲼ʹסˣҲͣëӸû˼񰲵ļСϸϸļ񰲵Ľţһһȥ
ϷˣǸôͿʼģӽѾˣϵĹͷѾˣҪţֻҪֺĹͷ۶ϣʹˣҲδܹһ˫ֻ½ʱҪƬʯΪ߸
Ϸ˳Ĭ˰Σ
ڸ˵׷ʲô
Ҫʼţɲ֪ΪʲôûŮţѡװһ˽ŵӡװĺܺãСĽ˵һĬԵˡ
첻֪ΪʲôȥԪַʱ񰲱ˡ
ǣ
ֻҪһǸ΢Ц;һ䡣
ΪʲôҪôŮϱʲôĳԹ
Ѿûа취˼Щˣ̧ͷǰˡ
Ϸ˶ףĿһڷû˸˵Ůͷ֪ʲô¶̣۵ѾỨ΢΢ͷȥ񰲡
ǣԼׯ˺͵ЦݣȴвĶ⣬ЩճĶצ
ֻԼһķ䣬֫ǽסˣëȡˮǿн񰲵ĽŽˮ
ġġһһġϸϸϴš
α˱ۣڵһȡ


26 ڶʮ
˶ûϵȻ˲졣
û뵽ǣ˻Ρ
Σһ귽ʮе㺩ɵҰѾͷ
־һͬȥҰѾͷ
δλվߵϷǰ
˶һÿһǶȣÿһ򶼸ִ
ϷžǰСƺƽֵʵڲ׾
Ϸ̾˿е㾪㵵ǣȥĿƵ粣ֻһͷʹôСһûͶ̥ܼҡ
ϷˣԪһϷ̸֪ɷϷƲ
ˣ˸ӣ˵վ˱¶׼ǰ׵ı¶ԼֻչָϷһ˻ġ
ε׻봩ףܹһһ
Ϸ˿˿ëӣëӻ⣬ͣ֡
񰲺ĳȥģϷ˽᷿
ϷεһȲݸ
˵ɣҪʲô
ϷӢСС˸ƨҲ֪Ϊ˰ãʵǿһƬ
ϷһһӣȻС쵹ҲǺ¡
ˣƨ˵Ҳͬġ
ҡͷϷˣˡǶúܣʱżΪ˶ʹʧܡٵϼ£ȵůʱˣʺϹš
Ϸһ⻰ЦЦɵ˴˶þҪļˣļȣ׻ŧףСһ㶼＾ʱá
˶٣ǶգѲҪҵϰȥţ
¡ζϷˣֻҪµʱ䡣
Ϸ˿ǰСӣڿʱԼһѧֻԼӲ磬ͷǹ˽ţģŮȲݲݵĹ˴뱲ӡ
СϷҡҡͷֵ̫󣬰뼴̹ţϰ壬
εһֵ̫˼ָ񰲱ûһ¾ԪֳģҼпûҲ֪¡
Ϸ˲ŻἱҴҵĸϹͼ񰲼̹š
ڰһΪ壬Ǳܼ鹵顣ܼСܣܼ֦ܼͬŷ类裬һֲ˺á
ιⳡɱӺҪӵľΡȻסܼңͱܼҲõ
ζԼûɶϾֻҪ鹵飬Ϸ˾Ͳ֡
ڶǺҪ鳹ֳϷ԰ͼ֮
û취ˣ񰲱̹š
ҪǣǵĴ˼ڲʼܼҾȻŮûŵķԷ˵񰲵Ľˣ񰲵һס
תҪðˣҪҵһܹ˵Ϸֹͣŵɣ²ԶֹͣţܹϼڼҲǺõġһٻʱȥİ취
Ϸˣ޳ҲҲ˵Ψһľǵۡ
θɴֱ˵Ȼ벻˵ԷɣǾ͸ɴ࿴ûʲôԽĳ롣Ϸ˰£Ϸֹͣ񰲹
Ϸһ٣ôСӣһƲɱɴת˼·
ϧˡ
ҲûʲôҪģҲҪ
СζĿϷˣڸղţҵǰ㣬Ҫһõ
ӵҪˣŮҪޡһг˼Ӳʵ֮⣬Ҳڼʵ֮ϣʵ۾ģΪܼҵһҪ񰲹š֮ʢأ
ϷЦԪҪ˵ʲôԶԭ쿪׻ᰡ
֪Ҵ˵˵֮ʢ˽ǧ꣬һһݱһ֮޷ıһס˲һô֪أ
η˼ͿʼƣϷҲǹųģŵĿض˽⣬ʹܿģɹŵʹһӵģ߼·ͬڵϣʹ͡Źеµķסŧؽˡ
γļΪУֱԼҪԼжˡ
ϷҡҡͷͶ̥ŮˣⶼŮ˵ģ
ֻоؿڵŭһӴܵϸߣǿţϷˣҲֻ֪ûձ׼ᴫ긮ͷĴ˼ǡ˶ҪЦܸ̣ǸģҴ塣׼ᲨŮޡ
ϷѾˮִҪ̸ѾϽˡ
ҡͷϷˣûҵ˼㰲ڼ̹˽ţܸһᱻ˳Цϲˮ·ܼҸոճ˸Ԫҫʢʱ򣬾ʹ£ֻڵĿ˽񱡣ʱ˵ʲô˼ˣͷβܼҵ¡
գζԵܰţܸΪڿе̸ʣ۵ĺôˡ
СȥϷ˵飬ȻϷüͷӡζʱ㣬ŪһϷ񰲹ΪܸΣ
ֱӲϷ˵ĵϡ
ڣϷ˱ĵһˡ
ֱΪֹҲֻԪֵļСúżҵǸ֪Ƿؽһܹڡ
ЦϷˣ˭ܹ֤ײֻôˣֻôˣܱ֤ȥˣǲĵ˾֪𣿡
ʱ鷢ʱܹϺԷڣ׼黹ܹסʱϷ˸ڣĸûǸӣŮͱơ
ʱȥˣ֪µ˹Ѿǳָˡ
ϷˣΨһİ취ǸţȻϺڣҲôȫȥϣܹװţû˻ܸ鰲ǲǹ˽š
ζ˶٣ʣµңұضƽϢܸ۷粨ܸһ
Ϸ˶ĿΣ޹ʣȫ޽ΪζԴģ
ǰΪʲôģúúõģֻҪȾ鷢չܹȻȻĹؼҡ
ҿʲôһˡ
룬Ψһɴžǿ˳۰ɡ
ҽҪĿһСŮһһ۶ϽֺȴһԲ֪ǲԵĿȴԹۣ죿
µģ꣬ķܹͬýһһĥĶرһһĨɱĵһգһ
룬ЦŻشһ䣬ûʲôԭȥˡ
ʵǸ߷壬Ǳ뺣ףգҲ׳Ȼ⡣ҼʶٻԺڰ棬ȴҲɶȤꡣ
գȻԸⱣǻѪȰɡ
뱣ҶءȤɵꡣ
Ҳֻ񰲣Լ
Ҳ뱻ССڵĹ֣˽̸ÿ춼ҪʲôƨġŮ䡷һһֻȦΨһļֵΪӵãˣҲ͹ˡ
ҲԸͬҿܾˡ
ȥһԡ
ܲ˺Ƽ⡣
лҪ˵
ддľһ⽨ỷ£ŮҪαסԼͬ磬Ǿȥı硣㲻ɹΪһðÿһѪҲġһһ˵Ľ


27 ڶʮ
һַֻϷˣһֺֻݺݵ۾ȷԼۿġϷ˿һۣҲû˵ʲô
˳˶ֽ᷿᷿
᷿˾һԲĵţɫͬҲ֪ʲô
ηϷ˽ȥΧĿƵĵĶΣȵĺ޲·ճ
۹۱ǡǹģ˷粻վϷ
Ϸ˵Ŀڵˣⳡ̫ѪȣҲؿˣɢ˰ɡ
˶ʱɫ죬мǸǳĺ޲÷۸ο
Ϊ̸ʲôýأ˰컹ҪŰ
ϷѾ˲ͿͣҲͣϷ
ȵȣԪ
һĸһŮȥҪϷ˵ġ
һĸףôǰֳء
һԼŮϸ⽹ڣҲǹģСӼҼҵģ¶˰ûţһһէġ
Ϸ˶Ŵĸɫƽͣĸ˵˵žûˣֲʵȰ⣬ԼòС
ĸףȳȥɣĸܲẦҵġ
վ˳ȻĸҪװĸŮȻҲ˿ڣæȰ⡣
̾˿ȰһͨԥԥʵĻϲسȥˡ
ҲߣһӶǼƻ飬˼һ飬ֻúһ£ʱ뿴Ůĳ̬һŮǺˣ˵µҲԼԼ¶
վ˳и˳ȥ
¡
θоԼͷʹǳױŮˡ
ȻܸоŮĿ޵Ѳ
ëӣϺͰȥȥ᷿
ë֪Ϸֻȥᣬȴû˵šŽǹˡ
ڸոϷ˴˳ȥʱ˵ʲôų̫ѪȡӦΪñΪӹ˽š
Ҳ֪λƽﺩɵɵСӵ˵ʲôȻܹϷ˸ı⡣
ëһ̾Сӿ˲¶࣬һֵԼȻһ滹Ǳϰ
ëſ޵óҭҭ񰲺ȥˡ
ڣֻ᷿ʣϷˡΡˡ
Ϸ˶ף˿Ȳ
Ԫ֪
ǵﲻãԪⷢδţһʱţ˳ǡñ·żҶˡ֪ĸ𷣡
զ࣬˵ŮڲŲؾᣬ׼żҶ·ŮŶġ
ɲ񰲻ǣܣ֦ͬͱ˺ܸŮҪִҪ񰲣ֻҪظϷ˾˰ܿ񰲻Ϸﲩһʶ塱ĺ
벻׵飬Ϸ˹Ҳ벻ס
û֤ݣΨһƶϾŮǸ΢Ц̫ǣǿЩ
ͬģϷҲû֤ݣ׼Ŷǡ·
ϷɫһҲŶﵽǲǡ·Ϊʧܸ𣬷£дŮ䡷ٱ飬ɽܣ
ίĲУΪӺá
ϱװƭֱܸ޴Ҷ֪ûйš
˸ƷС٣֮ɷɪӹûǱûţηܸ룬ֻܹϵظأ۹ȣĻ֮³Ϊᡣ
ع˽ţžҲɣȻԹüá
λŶϱϸźýã֮ʱ˺Ĵʵǿɺޣ
ⱲŶǵ˵ûţǡŪࡱظҪЩõŶﻹôˣ
ǾԼ˵ȷЩ˽ģҲΪõİô˶ǻˡ
ίͰ͵˵
θûעǣӶǽ¡
£ʱôɺϵ
ȻϷ˽Ϊ顣
Ϸ˲ܹȷаʲôɫ
һСĵģǽ͵ĥһĥզզӣǳڲ֪ԭͼƻܸǽܹЧԷֹԷֳ
ȻϷ˲֪ξҪôǵͬʱֹܹ鷳
ϵ
Ҳ֪Ҫ֮ûܰ£ܸˣǹƱľͲǣˡʱ򣬱׼ǽ㣬
ºǱųҪǰˣϷȻԸⱣҪûɣŮϣֱʵ
һǹڵϣĲ鲻Ը˷һߣӶҪеļƻæ˲Ů
ȵϷ˽ѵһͨǡѰá֦ͬһĻŻˡ
ԼĪϷĿĴﵽˣҲû
|ǣһ֥Է̲ĴҴҵܡ

ڣһ¥Ȳ裬һžͿߡ

ᣬʶҲ̽Ϣġһε׺Ϸ˵ʲô
ˣҲҪȥ
ûˣЦӯӯӭ
˺һͨáȵĳ˰ϻ
ͼذ
ǰʵǽ˲ģҲǿۣ֪øϷ˶˵Щʲô
Ҳ֪ﴦһֻε״̬
վ˳ͼȰ˵Ϸˣ˵ƺƽֳĺ裬ͬʱûȰϷˣ񰲻ùţǺ˵ֻǲģȰȰ˵װɵ
дһӺ״̬˶̽ͼɵװɵ
θ̾Ҫţ͵һ۶ֺǣ̫һЩʵǿȥˣǵö۰
˵ţֲ䣬Ϸ飬Ϸ˵Ҳ¶ѵһͨ
ֲõʱʱôϸоԪۿģԭǱѵ˰
ʱûʲôȤˣ黹Ǹ
˵͸ǣĶϵ˵һʯ쾪Ļ
Ϸѵң˵ҲܼҸ
֧Ŷ䣬Լˡ
һ߬סε֣ʵʲôܼҸ
˶ãȻģҲ֪
ﶼ켱ˣôֺ¶ԪɵأѲɵɵ
ǿƽľãڿܼҵĸλֽӴ
ҡҡͷûа
ɸ֣ϸ롣
ζҪˣ㣬ҵô࣬ĶʱǽӴŮܲװ
ҵ
۾ľˣѽЩҵһЩȫʮűֲģֻһ˶еġ
ԭΪΪʫʿ̫ãʮűֿȥŻ᲼ÿҵȻˣ˹עһŮ˻Ϊʲô
һʱĲУҲֺαؼӪӪѾ˼ͷ֦ͷˡ


28 
ãϷ˱ضҪܼңп޸ʮű֡ε֣һһٵüܼҺɱ˽㡣
ȻѾɵӶԼĲѣǵճӣӽҪڸġһܼҵļʾͲˡҪļ޸ĸŪ
ҲǹһĿ꣬ʮšʵʣϾʵǿ󣬲޸ĸʺ
ɽԾѾǼ¶ǵˣȴ޶ԡ֪ǸѸˡ
̫Ѹ̫鷳ҲԸմ֣ϾֻһҾʵеȨƣõӣֲİ㡰ĲС
ڲһˣμ޸㡣ֻǸϼվһĻ棬͡ɻ顱֣εİѱˡ
ϷǾһ˽ܵ˼޽ܸġ
ֻҪѱΣδͷ磬һʵѡ޹ȥ
һǸֻɵɵææµµҪһ˼ңȴɶ¶øɾܵһɡ
ã㼫ã˿ɵŽĺð
εͷ
̽ǵʱϽǼ¡
ȻϻҪΪѵ㣬ԣҲ֪ʮԸԸæ
ʱǴˣҪǲǴţơ
ҲܸˡѾһģļƻʲôļƻ㲻ܸƻ
ضҪ븮¡
ס²㣬븮ǸġǧټƵҪΪ뿪ΪĻǳȥˡ
ľǰ˨һֻҪﻹҪæӳɻ飬͵ðųһ¡
Ͳθ㡶ȥˣٺһЩǰæһ³ɹҲ͸ˡ
һЦȣ̥

δҴҵ˼ƻ
Ŀ꣺ƹ֮磬С򵹹
ȣҪ׵˽ţµԴݱĹ̡ȵȡֻг׵˽˲ܹ򵹵ˡ
Ϊ˽ţֶΰڲҸڹŵϣ߷ùŵĸŮ˹ΪӪˡ
ʱ棬ɷͨȺڶڹŵ֪ײͶߵϲǵĿܹθ׹һµȫᶼڸɵ黹ǽֻͨϲᡣ
ȻеֶζҪǮҳǮˣ˭Ʊ߶
ûǮ̸
ε˵ԼеǮԴÿ·ڻֻһһʮӡ
֮⣬һЩ͸鱦һûҲûЩԭʹ㻹㡡㡲ա
ˣ鱦Ҳֵȫ㡴˸ֻ֮룬ξܰѶԭģԭػȥ
ǰЩ鱦ܶġ
ôΨһܶľԼĴˡ
ƽڿ죬һµĸӣҪ֪ǸͺͷʿдǴƪ𲽣ոǧ
οõĸƵʻһ󲨶ߣ±ҲΪδһʮСֽ˶ձǡ±ĵߡ
εĸ½һεģһµĸǰ࣬Ӧܹͨͨڣһλܹǰõһµĸѡ
һʸǲȻˡֻϣܹ΢ͨһ¡
׼㡲ԸĻϵʱžֻһʮˡ
ܱûǿһʮӦҲˡ
ҹɫѾˣλ˯
ֻµʱ䣬μһһ붼˷ѡ
ոѾǰȥ㡣ԼڡϪͤ档
һҪͨծ
Ǻϵûа취Ʋ㡵ɻġҪ֪зյģһ˱д顢ιһ㡵δӣôһҪе۵ѹʲôլᡲޡֱֻӻӰ쵽㡵ķĹ;
Ҫ֪ͨȥƹһ£㡾˵ĺϵܲܽȥǶں̹ϡ
ĿǰΪֹܹҵõӰɷԼˡࡢΡϧˣѾʧȥһõĺ׼ˡ
εȵ죬ֻӺͮͮģȷϴһ˯ˣǰϪͤ
ϪͤѾˡ
Цӯӯĸ㡴к
ʮ֣Ϻð
㡵ͷʾ£˵ɣϵʲô𣿡
ʮӢϰԵĴһʺƨһʮ
ζƵĿ⣬˵ʮְ֪ͨ£׼ҼΪмʮ֡Щ鲻ܱܿܿġ
Ϸ˵֪Ϸ˰һŮ춼˹ȥôξͲ¡㡻֪ͨΣ׼γ飬ƱҪлһ㡡
ɻʲôܶܲģ
γĬһʮ֪췢ʲô
ҡҡͷլִ֣ţһ鲻
Ԫ֣Ƿûйţ·ˡŭ񰲹š
㡵ǾϷ˻ûиš
ǳ
ΪĿһۣǵģȰˡ
ţΰȰϷ˵Ļظһ顣
Ҫܼҵ
ҡҡͷܹ뵽ķǽܼҴһ̵ļתΪڴ̵ļȷ档˵üŮš
Цһⲻܣ֪֪ܼһֱѧӵ游ѧ壬Ҫܼһڴ̵ļ壬ֱܼҵĸ
ЦĿ㡣ʮֻлû˵ɣ游һᶨѧʿΪʲôȥԺѧ֪Ժɽѧˡ
㡿һۣ㵹ǴϻۣΪ˲˲ʱɡ
θϽҡͷڿˣĶ㡵ϻëûûУֻѯһ׵ƽϾһףǿҪʷѽСС˽һҺ飬ǽг⡱
һǸȵӣһ˵ȷ͢ͳѧ游ڳΪپ͵ѧӵѧʽ΢ѧ̧ͷѧϰѧȻҪͷע
εͷҶҶǾ֪ѧƺûҪŮӹšŮӹһѲǴѧģ
ҡͷϵĹԱеǼᶨѧˣеѧѧѧɲѧѧŮӹš
˵˵ţֲҲûעһ£֪ϲСŵ˵ѧġѧģŶʲôѧӵܡ
лҪ˵
һڽѧѧе㳤뿴Сֱ
ѧѧȥоһ£ڹڻɬԼ˶ǡûодһʴ
ҴŽһ£ѧǽһﶼиĵЩͳͳһܵĵֻҪһ˼ĵһһܽԽԽĵǾܹϱƽܵĵ
ǡĹ̵УǻջԾҪѧչԽԽʢΪԽԽ࣬ѧˡ
ѧһǵҪ㡰֪кһ֪ѧЧĽĵ׵Ϊѧһһһ˶ܹ޷޸ʥ˲ûʲôͬĵطżĵͣѧڽһȼΪС
ѧ΢еΨ壬Ϊ̸չҪҲö飬ֻҪʱʱ̷̿ʡԼܹΪʥˣѧҲƫˡ


29 ڶʮ
Ȼѧѧڹһ¶ûйƣǹŵôģμֱɻ
ҡҡͷδעһ档
ȻӣԱûһ棬ʮֿܸԿף
Ϊȣȥϣ
ҡҡͷԿףҲԴȥܸĲ鼫ʢ¶δطꡣ
֪ͷʮֿɷҼʶֵˣҿ֧ӦǮʮˣÿһһӡ
㡲Ŀһۣ㾹ȻǮˣ
ζʱԼͨͨծ񣬡ʮ֣ǡǸһµĸܲȲ㣿
ðһЦȴ³䶨µծҪ
ܰƤ
ҧгݣá
Ȼˣձ㽫˳㡣ֻ㡭
һüú˼֪ԷǿǵνŮ
ʮַģձضġ

ڶ
㡿Σȫ֪˵ʲô
ǰ˴һСͨõ·һķ٣ϲ֪Ϳʲôƣէһۿ㡻ΪļҵС˲£Դ˲
ԭεġġ
㡻Ϊε˼ָԹԵϢûϵȻҡ
㡭ô
ƲƲ죬ʮ̵ֽŮбҲеˣоûб˰
а˵
ɫŹֵĿκüۣŷװľȻͦ
ôţɡλ⡣
ŮװһҪ壬ء
¾ûûƽͬɻضټϸҲߡԳʮûС
ŮװڶҪ壬
ǿƵġϡһЩŮʹõĻɫĻױƷһһԼˢ
ϸͻᷢƵɫȥе㲻̫Ȼ
ûϵǲϾҪ¡¶İҹӡɹʹһпʹõķơ졢
Ͳԭʳ
ֻҪͻѸ޷ֱŮ
ֻҪоֹҪŤ󣬽ΣټϹŴ˼άʽλѾԺŪ󲿷ˡ
ƻ൱
ϧˣ㡲ͬ⡣
տûҪ
ǵġƤЦӣ񣬡ʮָ壬ԸΪŮǱڴ˶лʮˡ
ɫŹ֣ظҴñ˵ʲô
ҡҡͷǴñʵĸлʮ֣Σʮְæ
ЦӯӯĿ㡣ȻϾȻһ㱡졣
µĿ죬ϱӹ꼶Ҳ󣬷ôһ佱
ˣؿҡǿװһͷӣʲô𣿡
һɫԼЦ˼ʮ֣ұضʱһ˷֣ضкƫƫԼ˻ϣʮֺǡʮȡ಻
ζĿ㡼ۣת˲
ڣʮСѾʼˡ
εķԸҪһҳһҳĿٷģҪҡš㡱㡱ȹؼʡ
ݴӹٷۡʫѧоС˵Ҫܸͳͳһ顣
ԼæˡȻûи֪ԼľȻΪԷ˼֮С
ȻʹǿĶΡ㡹ʮҲ㷭˴¡
ʵϣûһ㡱ģйСšǼȫż˼䡣
λûѴʱ䰴ճʱࡢÿ첻ͳţϴ鼮밾ҹ
ķѸٵȥԭûж⣬ˡ
һºǰһҪϲ
ﳤ߳˵һ
һµʱ˹ڹŵԴչ̡ڹϵԼһЩ˶ڹŵĿ
˵ԴڴԵڵۡڵһλó衣ϸ磬ڰ֮
Ч֮俪ʼš
ʱʵӦýв㡣ʱĲֻǰѽŰҪ̫󣬱ϾųݡСЬȽϺÿ
Ҳ˵ʱĲʵֻһϵεʱҪҪʡΪ˴СȹӺÿ
أʵǸµ淨ܽ˵ŮӵĽֺȻһƵͷЬȥ㾫ɺÿǳϻʵ۵ˡ
ʱĹŻǿԻָģһǶϹ͵ĹšֻҪȥŲһʱͻȻָ
ҵǵ˴ĩ꣬ʵۻµһ̫Ϊֺûʵۣһλ˽˲ձʷ϶ﴫλʵǽˡ
ʵ̫Сˣ޷ߣ뱻˱ȥԲŻᱻˡ
λĩʵۼˣ⽫Ϊʺ󣬻ûʥּ䲼أԹˡ˱һĻʵȥˡ
Ŀʵڹں汫˵Сţ˽Ų򿪣һ˲裬Ծˡ
˱һڷิԵ˴һ־ʿŮһڷ⽨ʿǹѧϰˣˡ
ģСŵŮӿʼˡʱСŴһתΪ塣
ʱСѾķչΪ˶ϹʽΪ˴˿е
йСţʵȴڹСŵĿͬеС񱣬еȴΪкΪ
ǻʵǵԶڱȥ
ʫƣʷʫףŷŲŲ
Ŵˡ
ͬʱСҲˡ
ſʼһֵ°ܡСż޲ȥСžǲظģСűӵһ񱡣
ʿΪСſŻᣬСŵʮƷ
һǸ´﷭һѤġƷ塷רλѤдʲô󡱡ľʮ񡱡
ʵҪˡ
СŵķԴʷѾʼԷθ
ҹϪͤ
ǿŶĽݶݸ㡡
㡽ӹϸϸĿȥ֮㡳Ĭ˰ΣǸڴ֮ǰ̫˽Щ
㡰֮ǰԲůǶʱֻĶҵԵĺȵġ֮Ψһߵ·нʿֻܶħ˽ʿ֮æÿæɹ˭йЩ
ʮֲҵǸζ˶٣ҽˣΪʮȷϣǵĺǷҪȥ֪ʮֿǺûУ
ûд𻰣ĿΡ
ǰСӼҪݵΣΨһ˫۾ĺѣˮģʵںÿ
ÿǣ˵۾һŻ
룬ԽԽϱӵһʲôĵطȻһŮӼһ֡¡ĺšǧӡĹ¡
Ҳգ÷ƾơ
ҿߵöԶ
ЦЦ룬һǵġ
лʮ֡վһ
㡲֪ҹϪͤһμ澹ȻΪʷѧоʷļΪҪʷϣʷơϪ֮ˡ
ǸԸ⽫ɻرߵİ顱
лҪ˵
ﻯΡ塣
ǸˡʵһʷϼеġС㡱ȷʵڣ߻ˡ
ǾʫͷѤ˶ʵģѤдǱƷ塷ġŻҲġ
ԼѼЩʱǸо
ܹôһҪԼû˭ֵ˺Լ
ԼԸÿһŮӶܽ


30 ʮ
СŵķչʷѾһļƻ
ȣСžһΡ̡塣
УѾˣΪԼˡСűһֲžͼ޲ȥĵ°ܣȡɷ|١ŮһеֶΡ
Ҳ˵ͼ׸Сž͵ô֡
ǹСŵ⡣ԷΪˣһָνӹţһеСãǴûŲʵСţһ־ѤС񱣬ǲʵСţϵȰ
һοȡģڶͼ߷ģθ޷ǵãǾεĵ֮һһۡ°ǣֻҪСŵĶŰ񣬶ûǸʿԸ
ʱϲȥСţٴöñš
ˣλҵһˡķСš
˫̥вһ˼롢ԸξŰҲһСŵġ
ȻһļҵһκҷСŵ֡
ļ߽С֮
ƽԪɣӣҲʫ101еί֮һ
֮ڵнԪǴ㼲ʱ򣬾⸱С˴ȥӣܼ֮
뷨ӡ
ҲǹҪҪϾ㡡סͷ֮Աض
תһ룬ԭͼڸԼĺۼαҪ㡳ء
Ȼ޷ǾԼȥ֮
˳˳ܸ㡸ĽֲĸھܸԶ˾ǰ֡
ĸլʵ൱ĺңΪôһѾüýˣȫĽԪ˵׵ġ
ԭӶСؤκܸĸסĵطȫǷǸլӣֵطҲʵû취ֻԼϡ
һ죬ߡϲ׼ʱ
֮࿡ݣԿʫʣϲ衣֮ǰػϷų˵Լض״Ԫ˶ûУĻؼұչأò˽ԪԸضɿɿ졣
ʱС̯ϺȲģ䲻һ˴ĸ߳
֮ע⵽Ϊһֱֱ±˿ɻ¡
ɣ
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΢΢һЦ硪
𣬱𺰱𺰡֮һָٶȴ˻õΣлú˵лú˵
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Ȼңҳ֮ʡ
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֮ԼûҪýһѷӿţҲôù˸֢ġ
ֱ֮ҷۣ˵
֮ΪȻĵͷУ˵
ָ֮ոյнԪý̤żνǴ⣬֮ƫƫСţһֵ֮żխˡ
֮ɫŹ֣ŮԼϯģ
ûϵҾȻŮӶĽң
κ뷭ۣסˣ֣֮Ҽвãֻи˶ΪСŮǸСŮӣҸȢӣ
֮ɻҲϲСŮӣ
͵صͷɲ˽ҶѰ
ԼĪǸûĴжӣк֮˼ʱˡ
ΪʲôϲСţ
ҸСʱԵɺ֮¼һλ˼ҵСţŵجΣԴ֮ĽȢСŮӡ
֮ͬܣǰ̫ˡ
̫ùײı˺ȥμһĻᣬμӵһ룬ˣ˻¥Ľˡ
Ҳˣ˼ЬоϷ֮ĿСŮЬӣȻѾƱЬо
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֣֮ʵҽʵȲģҲҵġζ֮ɻĿ˵ѰҸܹ˫Ӯġ
֮൱Ѹٵˡ˫Ӯһݻ㵽Ҫʲô
Ц֣֮ȻҶϲСţΪβһŽ˶ʱұʷ
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֣֮ԸҲûϵֺ֮ų߲ʫ黭˫Щ΢ĩһ
֮ʱˣ׾֮ͯ˶Ϊ֮ضܹнʿ㺲֣˭֪ļܵʫʻϣڹٳ˹ɿһϲͨ
ҪΪ˼÷˺ݻȴûʵǹ߳ܣ֮Ҳչ꣬Լİʫ黭ת˹ġ
ЦеĴͳֽݸ֮
ʱѵͣλϡǵһ֪ʶӰ任ṹ˵λ滭ĹûУᱳ鰡
ĬдԼǵõЩ㹷֪ʶ㣬ĬһȻĬʮֽ
ڣЩֽųεɱﵡ
֮ӹһʱ¡һƨ̯дʣ߶߶ĿʼȻʱʱİоһľٶѸ̯ϰĿ
ξͺܵѧĻ޷ħɻ
ȵ֮عŷ⽶ˡ
СӣôණȥĶˣ
Ҫһʲô
΢΢һЦ֪֮ͬѣְ֮ҰⱾͬѿ
֮ΪɻĴӹһ飬ƽƽ档
Ů䡷
֮㵲ѡ
ٷ鱾һҳдŰ˸֡
£бؿ
֪ô˵֮ĬĬӿԼ֡
Ȼ֮ſžͳ˽ȥ
ðΣ֮ӹ̧ͷĿʾΡ
°뱾أ
ҡҡͷ֣֮˵ԸԸ⽫ͬѣ
֮޿κεĵͷ
΢Цţİ﷭˼ʮһģһġŮ䡷һݸ
֣֮ºҾͻ°뱾㣬ͬʱһὫһĻ滭һ㡱˵˵ţζ˸񣬡ͷ֮ˡ


31 ʮһ
¾ǳԺѧ֮ѧܣ㡵ѧѧܡ
һģ¾ͳһѧĿ
ϣ¾ҪͼǿʹȤ
¾ţȫĳڡѧС
ʱģ˵õĴһѧȻǣ
ֱ߹ȥָֻס鱾һ飬û鶯
ʲôʲô¾͵֣Ľ鱾ϡ
һ¾ǾС񣬶ʱٺһЦ
㣬֪㲻úѧϰ
üŪ۵֣ʲôμ˵Ļӣɷһۣ
¾ҡҡͷвС
ֽż죬ˡѧܣһٰʮĳ¾׷ݺ͡
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ͲͲһ˺αװķһ˵ҵҪ㵽ײʲô
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Ĺƨ
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ڿϴ֣ҿûôڣ¾ѾͬĿ⡣
˶ʱΧ
ʲô飿ʲô飿ҿ

¾ķŭϨˣίͰ͵ģоԼرԲס֣Ӧ˲˿鶼ˡ
¾Ⱥ֮⣬ȫû취˶
ͱӵȺģ𳳱𳳣Ҹǳ¾Ůҵʲôö
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ʶİˣûʲôûʲôɢ˰ɡ
Ѿˡ顱֣ʱˡ

ʲô
ȻˡǮЦ
ţһּߴ͸ĿǮһӲתȥ
һλ̰վǮ
ʱ˰缦ͷԵĻλֻ޲ԼǸ͸ˡ
Ǯ͵ӣԴ˫ֹİȥ
Ǯӹ飬һҳʱɫ죬뷢š
----
һң鱾ϣһĵͷ
˭Լվ˭ģ
һѧӳĬ˵ηҲСֻͬװɶҲ֪ӡ
ԴһͺǮȷ񣬳ΪҪҵˡ
ǮֱŭУ˵ǰɡ
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Ǯһվס
Ǯüͷһ壬Ҫ
ǡǮͷ麹Ȼϸŵòᡣ
˵˭ⶫѧģ
Ǯ˶Ҫˣôôùأ˵˰ɵͬ˵ɵ︸ס
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аǮ˴һۿɼıը״̬ŭԿԼֵĻǮķŭֵѾˡ
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Ǯ˿ǸںָĽߣֻ߶µ֣͵رۣҪܳͷ֮ʱֻһ
һ̣Ǯų¾һٰʮֻǺεȵΰǷ˶һŽӰġ
¾Ǹҵʿ
ҪǮ֡¾һǱѧģǲ
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ҵҪνƱ磡
¾ѡŮ䡷ݸǮ뿴һҳдİ˸Ȼȥ·ʫ޴ʣʵȫûа漰֮¡ΪҪд˸֡ѧҲر
Ǯӹ飬ѹŭֵ˵ڶҳ
ʱһһȥµѧǰ̧ͷǮɫĪ⣬ֹ֣һüһ΢Цһҧгݣһ졣˻Ǿѡ
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¾봹Դѧŵԣʵ
Ǯüͷһ壬ˣ·֮дļãܱƹ㣬ʵǿϧɷ󣬽棬ݼѧӡ
˵˵ţǮȻ¾˸
¾˶סˣŵȥǮ
¾ǮھУʵҪԼĺıˣðűע⵽ķտڵⱾ鵽дʲô
Ǯ̾˿˵Ȼ¾˲˵ģó¾֮ˡҪᡣԸ棬ʱұؽΪλضĿ
ֻһֻĲа
ˣͣղõĿҵ𣿡
΢΢һЦڣһֻ϶ˡ
ܿ죬ѧϰͿʼˡ͵һѧǮʮ˰̣ĥֻԼҪϣ졣
ǳ¾ƽϿͼ۾ȴܴ˯˽վȻȫעʱʱдд
;ý綼ˡ
òװ¿ΣǮһߣգ֮ϴݺһ·˲Ƶ˳¾ߡ
˵ϵдʲô
˶ˣڳ¾ϣ޲;ԼҪǽⲻյףҪĸˡ
ʱȥ¼׷ӣʷΪҪŪʲô徭ĥ
вС¾͵ҡͷֻܾ۾챻ˣȻʾͬ
ͬЦŽӽ֣ͣŵ˳¾
ĳ¾Ӹ֫ѡġŸ첲ȶãͷˣͷɢˣˣ¾йˡ
ؼؼ¾Ŵ˻ߵĺƾؼ
~ͬΪʲô־ֵĻӣƾؼʲôð
ƾؼ
˴󾪣̽¾ͷͷ˲Ķ˲裬ȵĴȡ
һڵͬͼ
ְƾĪɻʲôؼǮĳķʡ
ûȳ¾شȷӦ˹԰¾ı֮ƽԪɣⱾĪıģ
˵ķ綦ʢԪһ㶼ϡ棬Ԫĳͬı磬Ǿϡˣ
һ¾ֻΧЩ˵۾·ڷ⡣
ʱ˿̣ޱȸлԼķ⣬ôܹЩƻĿ⡣
ȷıңżȻıڿƤĽġ¾ѵĽ͵
΢΢һЦ
ʱ֮󣬶ְȫѧۼػϡ
磬ġ
¾ⶼˣŽƾؼڸı֣סӣŵԡʵڲ˰ؼұҪͷԼֻ׼⡣
ûû¡֮ۿۼ﷿еһѧǣֻӿȻǸС˵ˡ
Ҳ˵λΪǱŮ䡷ģ
ǼǼͷ
Ҳá֮һͨԸϹİҰԭǲ˵ȥģֻǼȻǶǳ¾ͬѣҲͲع˼ôˡ
֮һòªСŻ˼ʮңΪְˡûϵλͦʶˣұ㽫λλĪҪ˵ȥϾ鲻ࡣ
˵˵˷׷״Ӧ
ְ˳¾һʮĸˣӹʮıŮ䡷˷׷׸ȥ
ڶ졣
˵𣿶ְһƾؼ˵˱鳩ͨ衢ඥ
˵˵ˣְʲôˮƽ㲻֪ҥ湻ĵġ

ְǸؼãؼķӱ飬ļסˣ

˵ְбؼоˡ

˵Ȿؼܱнʿ
죬ԺһŮ䡷


32 
ɽѧǼ˶ڿŮ䡷ⱾҵҲˣ˵ȡ֣һҳдΪޣдʵڲֻϧȻֻʮ屾ʵѡ
Ժɽüͷ֪ɷѰԭٽ棬ݼѧӡ
Ǯҡҡͷ˶ְѧ˵֮˸ġ
ԭ֮ɽϵչˣȻˣȥһܷΪߡ
һ뵽ɽʱȤȥ֮һûҪиѧ˽Ԫ֮лأ
ֻ֮ڼʦ
֮Ѿڳ֮ˣԴһնְѧǰҪŮ䡷֮ͱȥˡ
Ͱ͵ı鷿ſԱԡ
֮㿼нʿֱӽɽ㵱ңܲ㡣
ֱ֮ҪˣŷźҶ˵Ǿ֮ʫʣǽձѡʮ֮һҿϽʿ￴ʲôϵ
ޣͯ޼ɣ紵ȥĸһСӼҼҵģ˵˵Ҷнʿġ
ļĸӻڳĸСѾˣˣ˵Ժɽˣɾȥ͡
ʲôɽ
ɽ
֮ŵĲУɽһ鷿ġ֮Σʲô»ӣֽһԵ棬¹ڣģĽԪɡ
Ÿոʰöĸʹɽ鷿֮ӭ
֮ɽˡ
˽鷿֮ӭ
һͨѣĸĸʶȤĸȥ
֪ɽǰѰ֮Ϊ£
ɽɤӣҴһŮ䡷ߣ֪˭
汻ǶС˵ˣ֮л㱵ʵλ߲죬Ƽˮ꣬һ֮Եˡż֮ʱ齻ңԼһ°뱾°뱾Ϊʡ
˵˵ţ֮ΪѵᵽĽ֪ɷƾһ棿
ɽʱΪ뻸ѧĴҲһѧڹٳƵĹԱ顣
Ʒ¹ԱǵĹ;һһ䣬ʶֳ١ǿһЩȨ֮¡һЩ׸
뻸ΪֱԽɱ䣬һһ壬Ѿһ̳Σѧŷĵز
Ȿֻһͨ׻˹һ·ƾյԪĹ¡Ϊд̫棬ȻһѧӼдСҪⱾ˹ѧϰпɹ֮Ժѧʵ˺ЩȻЧ
ôЧҲһӣȡ˸ֵֹ֣ҳдЩԻʵǲĿ
ֻƾһӾҪ̸һεĻᣬδҲ̫ЩⱾȻֻϰ뱾ʹˣѧܳ
ұ˱ɫ
ɽüĿһչ
̣֮Сôһ䣬ΪһĻᣬ񵹺ã׷ѹ
֮ˣˡ
֮׻̫ɽż֮ʱԸǼһ棬ɽͨڡ
ɽ̾һԵĶˣĿȷӣ޲һ֮£Ϊˣŵӡ
˵ʵڻȻӶ꣬Ѳ£Ҷϵ֡
Ŷ
֮˵ûɶȣֲɵɽʦܣ˵ͬΪһѧĵӣôûϵ
֮뷭ۣǰɽǶʦֻǸ΢ѧˡ
аɣ֮ˡ
ڱ֮ǰ˵һ仰Ͼ֮һŵˡ˵ˣЩ廹һĸ㣬
Ŷˣɽ˻תɽ˵Ҫĸ֡
ɽڳԼͰЦݣ˵ȣ󱻾ܾܺԺٱ֮ǰҪ;û
족
ɽüͷһ壬о鲢򵥡
ɽ˵ɽĸִ˵ֻҪĸ֣һͬһ桱
ɽĬ˰ΣˮתˣֱӸߴˣճʱ̣ԺſڼҴȥ֡
֮һãȻĿĴҴҵˡ
ţ֮ҲƨɺͷĸĸſڵǸ̯ϣֽ֮һС
Сֽˡ
ڶϳʱ̣ɽѾվ˳Ժſڡ
طó˷Ǯ֮ʶֵķΪŨ񣬹ʶԺشĽǱȻܱסһ֡®˾޳ĸо
̵ߵԺſڵģ·λȥһ棬ȼϾһôһӲء
΢΢һЦһ񣬡á
ɽתΪ㵡
ҲдŮ䡷˻һʲôˣûϵȻһСЩŮӡ
ɽҲû룬һ׳룬ɫº͵ǡŮ䡷ߣ
Цӯӯĵͷͷˡ
һ·ϣλﰵĴ˭ǷйʵǷȢӶʳˡ
Цֲ΢Цźλɽ̫
ʵɽߺߵᣬˮ©Ϊ֮İ
һǸˣ
ιһʾġϾ͸¶Լݣ޷̹ȴֻҪλɽæҲûʲô
ɽ״Ҳ˼˵ʲôһ·Ĭ˽ɽϡ
ζڵϤκεմӴͬʱ㡴̽ĵλԼһЩĵʡ羰ʤ
ɽƼҲǣɽֻ࣬ܰ˸˵ˡ
ɽһ·ɽҲǸ꣬⸱ӹʵ̫ˡ
ܹˣû취Ӫö˶˵ĽŮӹǸֽƵġ
ɽʱѾţˣ˲麹ð
СӼҼҵģӹǱһͷ
ɽüͷҪϢϢ
δŴá
֪ɽľһҪ;йˣǾⱲӶȥˡ
ҧɽ
ɽķ̹羰εİġ
˭ܸΪʲôҪɽ
Сӣ˵졯ĸ֣ұ㵱ǸˣɲʲôĿģطҲǽ첻Ӧеزඡ
˵˵ţλɽֻĹЦ
ο˿λɽС䣬ȻطƾǾӵĵطСﱣ׼Ҵ壬ȫͬաִ֦ͬ䡣
ֵط׼ڡֱ綨һĴڡһŲëˣĸҰӽɽ
Ϊǽǵģôأ
ŶɽЦѣСӣɻľɱ
ǫһЦɽǻǿȥɡҽջϻؼҳأ


33 ʮ
οɽһɽһͬҴ塣εĹ۲죬Ҵֻа໧˼ң󣬵İݣȮţһȻ԰⡣
һ·½½ɽк
طĴӪ
һ·ͬУ뻸ſڡ
һȼΪªСľţһǸ裬ľʵҪˣλֻҪһƣŹƾҪˡ
Ȼ⻹뻸ӵأȻֻһתվרˡ
ôøͨƵģ
ɽţľſ֨һͿˡ
̧ͷȥǰ˼εֻθôһ㣬˾Ǹݸݵͷ̱ȫûеǷͰ顢ºͣɷǵӡ
к˵˵Σɽš
һͬڡδһĲãȻǼΪªũԺӣǰĿյҰݴŲ˶û֣һͲǳھסӡ
뻸ξóһײߣԹԵĿʼֳݲգҲɴһƨĿƵĿ뻸
뿪ʼıݡ
뻸˺һ׷Ĳչ衣
ǲôͲյģҲȲĺû
ûϵһڣ޵ò谡㡱
뻸ɫһһЦũҰҶͷһʮͭһ
η壬̸еģҪηηǲŽʧȻ
Ʒ͵⣬ֲǲ衣ס˼ªóʮͭһĲңʵǲʤм
뻸һҭôб뻸Ƥˣ
ɽˣϣȥʦˡ
ξ㵲ѡ
ˣСӣװʲôװҾͲ֮ǰûĳࡱΪм
κٺһЦⲻ±ƭ
ȿȡСѵǺ衱
δӸڷתһͷ
һͷɽȥע⵽ɫףݹᾣȻѾһ֮
ľ㵲ѣǧû㵽ȻѾ첡ˡ
ʦ㲡֧룬ҪͶЩ¡ɽϵﶼ͸¶Ρ
뻸΢ЦҡҡͷԺΪףôʦˡ
һమӾ뷭ۣʲôʦֵİϷˣҲ֪ʱһ޲ðѶԷͷɹͷ
ΰЦѣλϡֱҵھʦרŲ̨ӡ
ɽһ£뻸Ƥ
и̾Ǿٳĥµˡ
֪ϷҪˡ
СѴΪ£뻸ʵ
΢ЦΪɽһ֮
ŶʲôҪģ
飬˺ֱأζ˸㣬ΪһûźˣϧˣŸӵϵͬźĶడ
һ̾˵족ĸֵҲǽңб
С֪ұֱ˵ˡ뻸ĿƿΣѾǲˣо˿
һ˻ºʮ꣬շתߴʮĶ¡
ôΪΣ
΢ЦϷˡ
족˼ԭָһ˹٣ͬʱصԼҲйٿˡ
ѧ˶ԣһѧٳ뻸ѾݿʮˣѧȻûԼڹٳϵ
ѧŵżüʹƶѧҲܹܽ÷ҲܽʥͥǿơнࡱѧıˡԺ¿һν̳ʿӡ䡢̾
ѧѸϯϸء
ѧڽһѧɣڽϻķˮ𣬿ƫƫȴѧ¡
Ҫǣٳڱ
ܹٳѧ޷Ϊѧ²ڵٻ޷ϲ㣬ðʮ꣬ʮѧͻ޷ӵٶ
ϰǾôʵ塣
ѧԭȸ󸻵·ߣҲԹΪ족һ˵õȮ족ԭõ㡡
κѧ̫ˣ㡸ոմף׵ˡ
㡱ŹТꡣ
ò֮˽Ԫɣһ֮һҪʫʻǧˣҪЩĹ;ӣѧжҪˡ
ҵǣûܹʵĻԱҲðһмţ˵ʱְˣҲа
ѧҲûС
˵ѧڹٳǴ׳ĽͣôѧݲĽϰ벿֡ڹٳϵѧڹٳǿγǿҵĶԱȡ
ͺˡ
ɽӦþҹӦѾŮ䡷ˣΣ
뻸üͷȷѧЩôҲɲЩСˡ
ЦرңɺòԼȱһûܹϲûʵ²Աûа취ǰߣΪ˵ĳֻܵȣܹߡ
εһʮɱѧȫʡǰʮĺóɼδܹӦԹŴƾ٣һܹӦԿԡΪֻҪǿԾһй֮ͬ
ηľǿԡСΣѪͽѵš
ʦ˵㲢ûйԼƾٹҪα֤ѧǿƾٳɹ
Ц֪Ŀƾٳɹָһ𣿡
ƾٷΪԡԡԺԡԡԡԡУءԹͯԺԳɹţһˣеĵһͽнԪ˻ԾнʿԾڽʿȡǰףֳʿͬʿ
Ȼָʿ뻸
εпѣǻºﰡ
Ƥǽ
ʿʲôһ죬ȫֻ¼ˡظ˵Լнʿ뻸΢Цſ֢
˵ˣ̸оһҪػǮĹ̡
뻸ҪۣȻҪػǮˡ
ˣൽˣʹǾҲֻܾܰܵ߳ɹʡ
⻰ʵڣҪǸ˵Լ˰˼һΪƷġ
ʲô֤ϲˡʵͦͷģһƿС˵ʲô߾оٳɹʡΪԼǻʵأ
ļԲȶдǱŮ䡷ֻϰ뱾ˣϰ뱾ȻȻǳ⡣
Ȼ°뱾ǳ롣
뻸ûϣĶΡ
˵ʵѾز֪ʲôʱҪȥˡˣһ˵¡ϾһӰˣֻѧ֮ҾҪķѵĵزٶȸ졣
Դ˿뻸ѾǲͶҽˣоϻǷܹоôһҲ
Ҳˡ
ʹǲͶҽ뻸αܻڣøǰ˵Ҫʲô
ãҹ㣬ô࣬ܲΪ˰ѧɣ
Ҫʲô
һƪ¡˵˵ţӶͳ˼ֽ
뻸ӹһʱȻ֮ǰ뻸ĿģûϵȻ
ǼֽεĲɷü¼һֽרŲɷ˹ΪӪˣֽϸ˹ŵḶ́ѽϴȷŽѪһ£ȻŲһһսƵЬӡոһա긴һֱ꣬ų׻Ϊֹ
Ϊ˷ֹŷϸʽϡҩˮ
ЩŮӹҪڽŵ·ŽƬٸʯܹһ˫
뻸üͷֽӣǰδ˽ڹŵˣֻΪ̣ʶ֮䣬·ֽī־Ѫᡣ
ڶֽǲɷõıŵŮԣͯ˶С
ͯСֻģģĺۣۣŮӻѾϸŵʹ࣬˫Żۡŧ·ҡҡλΣڵϡ
꣬˥ˣ½ŵʹԭӦøأǲɷõ˼˵ϰ߾ͺã
ʹһӣϰˡ
뻸ֽ֮ŷֱݸϺɽ
ɽһĿʮеĿ꣬˶Ҳ֪ôж޹Ůڹϡ
ϲŵ̧ͷɽ԰֪£Ϊղἰ
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ддתŮ뱲Ӷڸߣһһעȫ񼲿࣬ûעŮӲһ¡
ȻʵڷСŵ˵УɽĲǳ̬Ůšдƪº˱ţǶڶС֮ȴް취
λҪˡ
һƻеؼһǳǰȫˡ
ʲôʲѧϰȲᣬ˵˵顭
Ҫ˵뻸ȻһӦˣڿƾһ±˰ɡ
뻸û˼Ϻ԰㵵ɫڵСذɡ
Ϻ԰˶Ǳˡ
ϸϸȥŷƤưбɹƤһ˫üŨִ֣էһۿǸûСͯӡ
ϸһŷֶԷļã͡
ȻСװģ
ʲôʲôСӣ԰һ±ƣǡŮ𣿡
Ѿ뵽뻸ΪʲôϳԷǸСˡ
ɺܼ򵥣Ϊֽ
һӾôŮӣҲһԸΪŮӹһ½԰ֹŮšдºһ¾Ǽˡ뻸ûעˡ
ֻȺŮӲŻȻСţŻԸС֮硣Żվ顣
Ͽ԰һۣͣ԰ܵԺɽҲɵӣֻ˾ӶԷӦ΢һЩѡ
뻸˲˵뷨ϣĿԭΪǱһݣûϵȻСϹ֡
һͷ˵ɫ֪֪Ůˣʲôϵأ֮ǰ˱¶׼
뻸ǸˣóǼֽʱһʶǸŮӡ෴ģ뻸ûʶηҪһεѧǸ
ѧҪ갡
൱̹ûнԼԸʵλ벻֪ΪʲôҵĿƾؼҪСŮ䡷
ŶϺ԰ʱȤɻܾˣԭһֱΪֻΪ˵Ŀ⣬ȡһڿֲġ
Ц䣬ֹҲƾٵˣܹμӿƾٵҲֻˣƾ١ɲŮӽֹ
˶ʱһ
԰üͷŮլӣŮֹ֮ͬŮҲܹƾ٣˸ٳ
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뻸ȻǰСӱˢӣ֣ص룬˭ռȨ⡣
ǰǻȨ⣡
иҵӣǰѳȨ֡ƷΩжߡʱܹͨƾٽȫӣҲ˵Ůӱ׶Ͼ˽֮·ҵǣŮӻҪܡŮ޲űǵ¡ֻȻı˽ܽȨ
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ȻªǸˣ治˵
Ȼ֪͸ŮӲӲкܶ࣬ƾ١βҹȻܹμӿƾ٣ⲢҸѧǡ£ֲ
á뻸Ӧˣô
˵ƣһʣһµʱ䣬һұȫȫĸƲһ£ȵһ֮ԻԺ
뻸ĿĻôֻܹնְѧ
΢Ц֪ǾὫѧڵģܹõһѧ塣
ҲãܹԳԼ
ֻҪԼѧѧõѧɲҪѧϰʿӡ
Ҫ֪ѧҲǷΪֵܶģŬѧϰѧãȫѧѧѧŪҳġθûʱȥѡǰߣٹŬ
뻸˵ͷģԳһְֶѧֻЩˡ
лЦŵлȻ̸ǵǷһҵ
ô뻸ʵ
ֻҪдƪϱֽλСǾǵġ
뼸λһȥϷ
ϷɻȥĶϷ
΢΢һЦ
԰̽ʦǲ֧룬ǲȥˡ
΢Ц޷ɽһȥɡ
ء뻸ܾˣû߲ʱ򡣡
Ҳãճʱֱ̣ŵλλ׼ʱ
˸ֱӸȥˡ
һߣδɢȥ
֣˵һСӡ԰ĲС
ѾǶ·ݣǡ̫󵮳ӿƣ¾ԣµʱ䡣ԼԼһʱ仹ǰ˵ġ
϶ʱ̵֣ȥôʥֵġ
뻸ҡҡͷⲡľµģ屻Ұˣʼ˥ߣûεġķʱβ粫һ׼С
ɾǸСܹˣɽʿҲû취̤ƷԱżǻûƵĹԱ˵԰̾һԺѧǹȻʣܹλƷѾ֮٣Ҫʹѹѧƹѧˡ
϶ʱͲˣ޺޵㡵ĵĿǺʱ򣡡
ϣ뻸ͬĿһۣΣǽ֮Ҫԡ
ϱˣ˭֪԰ֿڣ֣㡴˼̫ȫƷ˭֪᲻ᷴˮɣ
˵ţ԰ԺʱΪ׸ĸң룬ĸ󱻸Ϊܣֱ̳ȥ㱻ͬЦΪռū
ɲһʱ䣬ѧҵȥ˼ְ࣬أܽύ̶ͬ꣬ȫԺ¾ãǸˣҲ׷׽ڳޣһ˵ֲǣ
԰ɬɤ˵֣֣˼̫ֻ½ʱѧҪϡ
Ϊм˼ã֮ͺã֮ӣڹٳϻһ궼ѣ
֣֪Ҳ˼ֻҪǣҪ̫㡡
ۿϺ԰Ҫˣ뻸һԲƷ衣
ԼĪǲ˿ӵļž˶
ˣϹͷٰءûܳһʵ֮ǰǼȻƽ֮ͲҪڡ
˶ҪΪԼѡġ
аɡ԰޿κεվǵһ׼׷ǸСӣ̽̽ס
뻸Ƴһۣ׷ϵġΪǸСΪߵǸ׷ˡ˿ܳ˴ӡǽų̹죬Ѿ˰ɽˡ
԰һӾͷӦˣ˵ɽǸȫװģ
ǵҲδأλСӲãռ࣬ô龫ȥֻ½ٲ
뻸Լòҽˣܿյ
һ԰ƭʱûϵ㶼֪꼶ҪһСˣ
԰죬ôڵСӶĸɸƵģ֮ܽǾ䡣

ڶһ磬š
ơСԭɵһƬۼأԺһЩ֮ڡһ꣬ӴªԼпܵ
ģʩƣӽʵټϽҪƱģյǮԽķٲʢչ˴룬˹Ŵǣ֪˵ˡϷӵĽǶƤӰϷϰȵȡ
˽ʱѾʼӪҵˡ
һ·ֵĸӣλڴߡ
СӣҪǿϷĶƽͽһȻ˵˵ɾ͸ɣʶƢֱĲС
Եȣ̾͵ˡδǵǸ´ĵططһ
ô˵أ̨ϵԱȵµĹڻࡣ
µĹ£Ҳĸˡ
ɾˣϷ߸˵ĳк
ǰεͷҸһ£⼸λѣҴǰϷ
ϣλɾԵȣϷϾͿһȥ
˵ĵϷ
һ죬Ϸ̨ϵһŮŮһͨͨ£ȫȻϷϷλСŹȺһ䣺Ұ磬²ɲȥ
µ뻸ЩȣλСûϷǻֱ˴׻ԽܹóϷԱĹס
ţ¾Ϳʼ˲ɲϪˮ~Ϫˮɽ~ѽô÷⡭ϰͷ~
СǰưģưԭϷ̫ףʧԭĽǶֱˣڰһĪչʱҵǡ
θ˱ӣҪǸԭϷʽűݡ
ǰһɲαĵһĻ
µĲ軹ûɶأҰͳͷˡ
˷ûʲô֫ӴǶһ۶Ҫ졣˴żڣʲôժҰ͸£ʱͷͬʱҲ̲ס࿴Էһۡ
൱ţȻû̸ұܸżݱ
һĻӪȻ񷨵Ƶ
ţһ硢Ϸ۳Ĳ֪籾ݵ˵ڶĻ
ڶĻǰºͼǰȥҶҶɢ̵ġ
˲ҶϲϲĶԸ裬Żȥ֮ҪЩʲôһʱĶͷ
ոúͷ´ϣͻ˷׷׺ϻˣܰ
˷׷ɢȥ
绤Ű¼Ҵ̨±ȥϻһٺһЦ
ϻų·Σʹӵסӡӣĸӡ
ϻ·ҡڡзУóʣһ֪Ǹɽɫ
Сĺòϻǣµ֣ɫе¡
ŭͼȰ£һĶеùӣס
Ƶİ²һ˳ŮԸҡ
µŭϻ֡
ϻǿȥ§£СӣҼȥʮﰡ
ʹκϻ׳֮£̧ϻüš
ϻߵŭͷˣðСƤƲԳԷư
ˣ
ֻӵס˰¡
ϻٺһЦʼʫСŰۣϻֻųСţֻϻůϴ
ţϻͳһֻƴСЬȻҪ˰µĹͷĽЬ
ⲨԱ֪ԼѾǱˮһսˣҪǽһսǾ𶼽ˣֻܱϳԱݵļ档
Ⱒôô
ǼǼϻ̫ɶ񡣡
뻸ȫעϷźȻǰѾۼڣ۷׷ףɫŭ
ۿŹԽԽ̨࣬ϵԱҲԽԽ
۳Ҫ𰡣ԱǺ޲ʹڡ
̨ϵİҽŮֻѹ
ϻݳı̬ЦݼΪ棬һ潫µĽЬһ滹ð°ĪޣСźüˡ
Ҳ֪µôݵģǽžȻıЬ
ϻķԸ£ſ˰¡
ĵվ磬硪
ϻ߹ȥ˼һţˣ治ã
硪½ͼ򼾸ȥСжԵڵأһ޺һʹһһ˹ȥ
̨¹͵ѾˣƢ̨ϻ
¼޺ϻߵߣð£شЬӣȥҰ㡣
ϻҡԴšһۺӣһСӡ̨ȥˡ
ֻ̨ʣ°ºͼʬ塣
§ż޵ĲУСҪؼҰᡣ
Сжһˤһӡ
ԱҵǿˤӰ״֮ҿͬ鲻ѡ
ҵĻûзء
µ˼ĸ׼˼ʬ壬ֱӻ˹ȥڶ죬ϻףµĸײϣĸױ
֮Ѿȴǵвֱӱϻȥ
ž͵˵Ļ
ϻСţʮȫСţϻ´ЬӲЬ
½ű˵ûסʹЬģȻһδǼưٳͼܣÿھģΪܹɹ˵ʱһδεرϻץ
ʱ̨ϳµĽɫǰһϻŮ
Ȱ޸ϻϻɽ亣ζԲ꣬޳дűŮıӡ
һĻﰢ¶Ĭ˽ȴζЬϻ̫үаԵײУɱҼɱҵҹź˳𲻱ΪˣκС
³˻ߣÿղӣСźҳѱСţ
ǿԴȾģ̨µĹԿʼ۷׷ף̸ϻģѾйڿʼ̾ϻСһ˰°
൱⣬ݳĿĴﵽˡ
ҪչֹŶŮԵĲкһͼСŵŮ
ܿ죬鵽˵Ļ
ǰĻһֱѹֹȵ˵Ļ°Լװˮ˳ڸ˲ϰѿǷƽкą̃º糱
ۿԽԽ࣬ԱǾԽ𾢡
ҵһҰͼȡЬ߰£ЬƤ⣬һ˫ЬճƤ⣬ȡ£ȡ¡
޿κΣֻܴһ˫Ьǰ
˾СԱ߳и죬նҹΪգԩС
䳪ʣֻһǰûԩ
˰ӣͬ»ϣ̫үϻ
컹Ϊҵҽҽ߰¡ЬСЬױҪѴЬ߿ĥ
ҽⲻ̣Ȱ²粻ѴЬʹ˵һСŮӡ
¶ȻܾϻѱСźҳδ
հոһաǿžʹĥЬʹ˵õš
һ˫ڿߡܵ㡣
иڰµΪļͣʵۣðΪТŮ˰µĹ£ΪТŮ
˫ƵЬԴ֮󱻹ТŮ֮ϡ
ʿŴ£дһЬǡ


34 ʮ
ЬǡݳѾβε˻عŷԼŰΧ˼ѵĴȺＷ˸̯
κ˿Ȳ裬˿λΣ
뻸Ц޵ڵ崡ԴӣǸϲ֣Ӧܹꡣ
ǫˡ
ǲˣֻҪ²˼ȥͺˡϾײͶǲŵģΪžͻζ㣬ʲײͨͥпܸŮţڼ޸˼ҡ
Ŀ֮ڣһҲݳʮͨ˼δܹõЬǡݳ
΢ЦӦϵɣǰԽλˡ
԰ʱɻʲô˼ҪǸ磿
λڽϵӰҪɽڱֽƼⲿ硱˵˵ţ԰ɽʶʲôѧʿΪϲСŵ֣
Ȼ԰һǼͷӾͷ
Ǿͺãʱͷд֮ʱҪޡЬǡ֮⣬ҪСţרǼʿʹϴʲôдʲôܹƵ³
԰ɻҪˮ룿
εͷͶԳԹ˺ƸȤһζĺ糱һȥ磬޷Щ̸ⲿ硣ֻд˳˫ǹսܹлȡ
֮⣬ⲿ֮ڣһӴ˶ٹڡϴ꣬㲩ϵ̾ڲ¥˵ġӵġػϵСǡҪȫֳؿ
ΪĿһۣܰѡػӵСӡ⼸˵ĲСûʵİ

Ҫ˵ȴ԰ˡ
԰ؿΣֻǿտڰŵҪоĳⲻһӣЧûءΪ˰㣬ȴҪԼӰ㲻ݽ̫Ե𣿡
ɽ˵ЦˣϳСſɲһ˵¡
΢ЦΪѧ°
԰һãϿ԰ֱ̾͵ϳСǶѧһ
԰ŷӦʹѧѧͬѧķ֮ڣѧչڣʵǹᳫ̫࣬ΡŶҪ涨
ƫƫóǮ˵Ҫʶ֡Ҫ̣봩Ưÿ·ϣܹһЩᱳ£ѧˡ
԰ѾӦ΢ЦѧȻûȷҪŮӹţѧʿȻΪŮӵ෴ģѧڹű㿪ࡱ
ζԵѧΪ޷޸ʥͬ޸Ӧ޷ͬȻˣԭ͸ͬǴ˳
˵˵ţȥ԰һۣȻǼ˵ġŮܿƾ٣˸ٳ仰
԰üͷҲûȤѾγʮļۣ˰صˣȥָĹһʱ֤һеġ
ͼϳСΪԼǰΪѧ𹥻һһŮ䡷һЬǡĴأ⻹ҽȥǮ;ˡ
ΪмûⱾŮ䡷Ϊܹ𣿡
ȻεĵλȻԵȵġλһλ飬һλǽĵԺ֮һɽһλϴ꣬
ֹϷ˳ùҰѧӡƶڣѧȫںǸĹСӣͼλ̸Ҫôأ
뾡һа취ȫŬſ˷ϳŵͷȻͷѧߵ˽졣
Ǹ죬ǣλѵһţôһҵ𣿡
ͷβû˵ڿڣǲͨӰٸ
ֲܹ飬ѿǺεȵľ׼
̲סЦ⣬ǣʵǲ֪ɷһ֮
뻸ȴҡҡͷٳһߣʮˣûⶼѾɱˡ
˵ЦˣȻѾãͬһԾڹٳϣʮȥˣЩѾΪٳϵˡ
뻸ЦһЩãҵΪλᱻأ
ͬȷΪ𣬵һܣһԷˡܶˡ
ΪͬĿ뻸ۣԻ͹˸ԽʱĻ
Сӣ㿴Ϸ򡱣뻸˽һϷⱲӵǹ·Ҳϸ䣬ϰˡҲǸ̾׷׸ȰСӲҪƵ̫гһԴˣ
ܽˡιһ񣬡ֻͬӣһ·߲ͨ·߱ˡŮߵ·ԭխ·߲ͨҲֻײǽǰߡķԸǲƣҪ̻ˡ
޿κεЦЦŮ治ף½⡱
ֻģҪ;
֪λ뻸ָ֮顣ʵϣԸһ̸飬ҲΪȻˣǴû˺ˡ
ּ֮֮뻸ҲԼĻ滭֪ʶưư࣬ҲΪư룬ǰˣȴҲ൱Ľ
˵ˣ˵ֻóԼĳ룬ԷƽȽǳ||ıֻҪ㲻Ը⣬ͲϹ
Ŀ˺ԼĿģֻǰǾԸ뻢ıƤġԭѧܹʮ꣬Ҫ뻢ıƤ֪᲻ᷴҧһڡ
˰ˣԼͺá뻸˶٣Ҫʲô
ҲҪȥͬŰæֻҪֻ۱ֻۼɡ
Ҫ£Ǵۿɾ͸ˡҪװԼûǾͼ򵥶ˡǽ壬ֻ΢ʩѹɡ
ɲɣſı԰š
ĺܻ԰ȣû˵ҪţֻǾ֪Ժÿ¾ٰһο̳ᡣϳ˸ʦ̨֮⣬ѧ̨ɷӹ۵㣬⽲෷䡢̾ǰ
μ֪֮þһο̳⡣
԰ɻѣҪ̨Σ
һûá
԰˶ˣ㻹ûã˵ʲô̳⣡
Ľ͵ǰڵĴʩôµʱ㹻Сⷢˣʱǵøݵ˵ķӦһƻ
û˷ԷϳСȻãʱ̫ôǾҪһܹʽݵĵطʱǲ˻Ǳ˲Ǿ͸ƾˡ
ֲƻΪª;пֱָܳҪλע
һ񣬡һս𣬾Ķ֮ȴսλģһŮлλ


35 ʮ
ǰò绨ϻһ¡
̨ϵ˵ĭɣ̨µĹ˵һҧгݣһϲЦտ
ȵ˵һʱ̨¹ڷ׷׽µһΡһΡ˵ɤӣжеĵϹ͸
ǲ˵и൯ϷġѾֿǸĳϷ汾൱ҵǶڳЬǡ
ȻгõȻưİ£ư׬½ҲǴ⣬ֱӽԼĳ˰£
һҪݸʮΪ˱ɤӣݸ࣬ӵ˼ˣЬЬȫǺ򳡹ڣһҹµǶ
ڽڵȵ㻰ЬǣС˶硣
ľǼ˺ġ
׫дһƪƪ£ʲô𾪣ϻȻһŮ¡СҹˮΪİ㣿һӵֺҵ̫ү
ȫ塢⵳רŷڸСϵģ඼ͷͷ£µҪǵȻӪ㡣
ֱһġ£ȫЩȥĶʵˣǺҵˡʲôգһӾҵָߺҵ̫үŸ׵´˵аŮ֮£ҵСϰ˱ֻϵù
δӪͨϰն£һݿ˿ɾͶˡ
ЩͳͳЩ쾫дģ˼죬ۿšЬǡԽȡ
Ȼ˿̾󲿷۶ϻԵµТ˳¸ϣһҪתС⡣
ʱ򣬡ձȻһƪ¡ۡЬǡиС
ƪǳԺɽдġʵϣƪд൱пϣƤֻƽ͵Ŀ˼䣬˰¶ڽСŵִţȻʹţǰŶ´󺦡
ηյĲУôôܹҵۣҪΪ˽Էκ޲Լϡ
ѸʣΪɽ׽һƪʱ㰴巢ȥ
λûüдأġձˡ
δһ׵͹гƨǵ̶ȡ
ɽȥ˼ҵķιӣֽϾȻѾ˷ɽ¡
λ׵ģɽĺӣ˽ݳΪ֮һҪŮȰŮҪͬʱɽĶ֪֮࣬Ȥӣɱ̾գ
ˣ
˺ƾлȡ
θ˵˰뷹
Ȼڶһ򵽵ĶʮݱֽѾһ뿯˸Сŵ¡
ֵ֧ġзԵģ۵Ⱥħ衣
ΪþƸӵĻңףǡƽ͡ͺͷʿǰרд·СţŻרŽơ
磬ͺͷʿдһƪΪŮӱСţôĵǴСţʱһʿĹѪͷ
֮⣬λиһףһ**ӪţųųѲˡ
ǵȡܹø˷Сš
ưÿһҪһݲʵʵרһŮӹŵ̡Աݵüãּŵĺ¡֮ʹ඼չֵ쾡¡
ͬʱ˵ǡϷСÿ꡶Ьǡ󶼻򽲻һβΣ
Ϊ˳׵ʶΣһϿڵСͯҥȡܴץ
ڼ˶̸Сһ£ȥһƬá
˿ҵģСűȻ죬·Ҷ־һͬҪϳСš
ʵĺɢ飬ν߾ȫ˼ҲǿͷŰӦͼ䡰Сǲáȴǡû취ɷϲ͵ù㲻ͼ޲ȥ
ϲСŵʿͬڴµıɽ¶ͷԷĲǱɽһǰˡ
ջǻһЩᶨСŵǵ֧֣һСкӣȰСŵǵ
ĲΪ˳׵СţԡƽڽձϷһƪսֱӵĳĳˡĳĳʿʮ֮ǰԺһС֮硣
ԴǼţ·㲻Ǹث֡
ȻӦƼЩʿǷ·ܴ裬׷׵ǱʾضҪɱɱƽ硣
ӵʱⳡ۴нʮʱ䣬ʮΪǵķӦʱ䣬ҲԺһڲı۴һϢķʱ䡣
ҪϢȫ꣬ҪһжԴ¸ȤпеˡԹ̾ȫ˵Ŀⶼۼⳡϡ
ͬģʮҲƻ©ȱʮ졣
ʮԼڷһһ鷴ۣȷЩֵܻĵЩпܻʲôĹ۵㣬ҪβܹЩ۵㣬֤Լ۵֤֤ݵ˳ʲôȵȡ
ΪˣⳡÿһϸڶҪ滮ݶԷͬķӦƵòͬļƻǰôŬͳͳΪ˽졣
ϳСһḶ́ҪȥڽϵĹŲҪȥЩϵĽ
ⳡ۵ҪĲЩСŵˣǵĳªĿǰ˺׵׵ɢЩͷơ
޷书һۣҲҪЩȥŲӶŤת
գ֮䣬αչصʮ͹ȥˡ
ܿ͵˾ٰ쿪̳ʱ򣬾˵ǵ԰Ժʱʦĺӡ
Ȼһջݷͳ֯
ԺƫƫΧľռ󣬿ƴ𡣡
ԺžǼĽ̳ԲεĽ̳ʯɵģʯͷӵмõ䣬ټϽ̳ʮˮסЧǳãȷֳǧڶ̨ܹ֮˵˵
̳ȫ޽λӣԭѧǵģԺһѧȫ˳䵱־Ըߡ
θЩѧһ˷ַһ鲼ϣ䵱־Ը߷Щ־ԸһվԺſά֯볡һַɢڸ·רָ·ʣµľվڽ̳רڿسά
Լڳʱ̾УʱûأŮŮǷЯǰ֣ڹŴַȥҲôֵĵط˵һ￴ⳡܹΪԼ̸֮ʵġ
ԺĸţĸŶֵϰոˡ
ȥȫˣֱ紺˻վεʶƳһǧλǿ϶ģֻܼһˡ
ʵ̫ˣеĴʿӷǶˣЩﱧźӣֵĺͱϵ죬ɤŴףʱʱС
кЩرͷԣȻ˸ʳӵαĸ㣬ֳ⽡
ֵʮϴ󼯡ԺһֱͨϰĴͳһ˶Ƚ٣Ҳûôӹμֱɽڵɫ
³ֲ̤¹ʣϽ־Ը֯ڷ
ŵϳòװѹƽƽ˳ڣֻ죬Ҫ³ѡ֣Ҫ췽ֱˡ


36 ʮ
̳ԲεģΧŽ̳һһͬԲѡǾڽ̳ڵһȦΧŽ̳Ϊ룬һǣֻ߰˸һ֧Сŵˣһʮ
ǵģһʮ
֮Գôȫơ
ѡƲǳսһ˷۵㣬з̨˱ֱһ˱䣬̨ϵĵ©ʮˮµʱ֮޷شǻشԼ֮ǰĻشì֮ˡ
Ӯ˾Ϳһֱվ̨ϣֱһ˽Ϊֹ
ֻҪ㹻Դӱۿʼվ۽Ļıִͷ
ǼֱѧĶ
㱨İٶŵзѡ֡
֮ԳѡϯֻһˣΪʣٶ˵ֳ֮ˡ
սʱξͲʽΨһƵıͯϡ
̫ʿԾԾԣ޲վ̨ģһսȺ塣
ֻһЦ֮磬ʱͽŵƨ
ĵֳһ˶ˡ
˽żǧ˽ǽȻͬĸȽСģ˷ɽ˺ֻͷҲˣҲˣƨɺö˶˵ϣȴоԼ˸⬡
˰ˣӵѡֺ̨ܱ˵ڸ̨ǿ
Ŷ汻Ż͵͵ӵѡֺƵٸˣ΢΢һЦҪľЧ
֮ҪѳôһΪⳡ۵ӰԽ࣬ⳡ۵ĲΧ;Խ㣬ӰԽ
ǻʣĴ˹
ЩѡǱҪǫһЦûʲôûʲôֻǳԺȥμһ۰ˡ
üһʱ䣬ӵ˶֪ĳĳݼҵСԺȥˡ
Ӱ⴫ٶȣɱӪǿˡ
ȻһҲΪŻзˡ
ŴŴǧݽĻᣬҪϱϱѧȥսĻȵĽδ˲ľ顣
ʵɣѾٸˣʣµһѡֵ߰ʮȫǴģŵȵһֱҳʱվ̨ȾˡȨпܡ
ЩѡУֻʮ̷ӣȫڱֽߵģоרų齲ġ
ʮ˵Уصֻעʮһˣʮһˣǿڲ൱áйĶˡʮһʵΪСźϵϲҾĽȰϲ
ʮһ˾صҪĶ
ʱһʽʼ
˽̳ίϯϣ˵ʵ֪ѡͦġǧ˫۾ڿѽ
ҿ˵ҪʱרŸ˸ίϯϴĺõסȣ˫ȾҪ¶ڼǧƤӵˡ
Ȼǵ۾ûôʹԾԼһżһأ¶ų
ˡˡˡ
ţƤǷ׷װ
ȿȡɤӣλ˽긮ֱα۴
һ˾ǽ긮ΰȺеĸࡰжʱǰҵĪظȥʱ糱òϢ
⡣
Ƶķʽܺãʱѵʱ԰ϡ
ʶĸ˸룬۽üҶԴһηųسãСЩ죬ͱߣ˹λ֮һֱɥɥġ
ˡȲˡûϵԭڽյĿУ˵˰
뻸С϶ʵǻúܡȻϹۣɶҲɡ
ǣҪģôĺʱ̡
λλʵͲһ㣬پһ㡣
ʧȻôͣˡ
ʧ䣬ϻԭǳԺٰĿ̳ᣬǽڽڹСĻȣʶӦԺ֮ǰֱα۴ᡣ
ţθ̨ʿ˱򣺡δ֣ԡԣѡֿ̨ɳڲŵĹ۵㣬һ˳ӵʱ䡣۵ȷֻΪ֧뷴ԣ˵ֻ֧߷Եɡ۵ȷ˵Ȼɡ
˵ʵҪ൱ĵͣȥֻҪܹú˵ˡ
һ̨ˣʿ˵ۣ˵ͮͮģСӽУµй壬桪
°Ȼ־һͬĮ̇λ桱̨
ȥģû˵ء
һкüɫı־ԸߣԲסѡֺƶˡ
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ȻԤƵģһ־ɸѡ˽ʮˣ˵һֵĵзѡֻʮˡ
һΪİ˸ξϸѡģΡ֮ʹ¬ʣȫѧˡ
˸ʮȴֲ塣
һֻʤܵսۣһˣ͵ڹŲͷһŲͼ͸ˡ
ϰ볡еĺܿ죬Ͼѡʵ̫ˡ
ȵʱʱ򣬳Ѿ׽ˣλӦ÷׷׸ظңҸ裬ʵѹû˶
Ǳ̫ˣ֮ٻλˡ
ǹڼѡַ׷׶λͳ˸ʳӣЩͷԵԼʳﷷЩûʳˡ
˶ȻĳԳԺȺ죬㷢ϰ볡ļš
ûС
ϯԺڲĳңΪ󲿷ѧӶȥ־ԸߣʣµҲȥˣҸûѧڳ
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㡡
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ҡҡͷؿ
ţοʼ䵱ʱЩ˳Ҫ۵Щ۾Щ
ǵģƶʱˣ˸ӣһֳԵʱɸЩˣҲΪ̽顣
зѡڵһֵ˵ĸָɣȫ֮ۿܻᵽ۵㰡ôܷŹ
ǿпԼļԣ֮¬һ˾󲿷۵㡣ո˳Էʱ֮¬Щһ֮͸֪Ρ
װ޵͵͵ϯ
Ȼѡָθһ飬˭ɵӡ
עǵĹ۵㣬ǵȻҲһĹ۵㡣
ͬģҶˣӣʮһ̷ӹǽһˣʱĹ۵㷭ȥôƨС
һĹ۵ȻҲЩϻ̫ۣСŮ˿֮ġ
ǣܲסοöడνƤξȻĴЩ˵˵ҵ˺ЩȽĹ۵㡣
˵һ˹ӵܣ̨ĺٺٺ˼Ȼڰڵ˼ʫʶСŮ·㣬ͻǻļ⣬һڶ׵ʱͻȽϡ
εʱʶʱ򣬶ʱĻˡĶûɶֻֽΪ˿оҪŮӹţĥŮһӵģʵˡ
ЩƵֵֹģûڱֽ¶Ĺ۵㻹кüκ˼Ӽ©ȱ
Լ֮˵ԣ˼ȥɴҵһԼʰţԶԷЩ۵㿴ܲܲµ۾ݺ͹۵㡣
֮û뻸ˣΪΪ췽ΪάĹ³ȻһѧˣǶʮһ˵һ߰˸ѧˡ
ѧѧղС³˺ơ
Ȼˣ˫޲콵һװѶԷϻҪͺίϯϣһȲ˵ЦԵġ
һˣǶǺѡ


37 ʮ
ȵμҴҵķλʱ򣬱ѾҪʼˡܿ죬ţƤȫҲˡ
ϰ볡Ѿƽ飬ƽȣٶȿڵλǵڶҲԡɡֲ֧㡱̨ɣ֮ɡԹšһֱ̨ۡһһΪֹ
ţ򣺡λ̨ϵֻ©ʮˮµʱһ޷شǻش֮ǰĻش֮ˡʱ̨ͬһ۵ֱ̨һľΪֹ⣬Ѿ۵ǲظڶεģ
ڣʼ롰ֲ֧㡱̨
üѡֽͷӶһǱһʿվ̨ھ͵֮£֮˲Ч¹˰ˡ
¬վ̨¬ʫɽ߷壬ܶͣľСʹ֮
˵ʲô֮ȻҪ̸šǾҪšһһ֪Եڴԣ񲻹߰꣬ڴ֮ǰĳûвһ˵˿֪㱾ǴԵŶ
¬ԣɼνĲ֮һ˵޻̸֮
ʿļ¼Ӳ壬ì֮Ķ࣬˭ܱ֤֮ǰûв㣬׼вȴû
¬һ׼֣΢ЦǸǱ˵ˡ
ֻ¬Ȼ˵֮ǰпв㣬ôʵлûУУ֮ǰв֤ݡ
ǱĹ֮һֻҪһ۵㣬ҪӦ֤ݣԺ塣
ԷԿסˡڵʮĵˮʱʿٶȿڣܵġ׵۱͡мء裬۴á˵һǲܱȽŴģλضһ˫Сš
¬Цֹᵽ仰֪仰к䣬أ˽ɱ֮ʱĴ˽ͨѲλǸСӣѲǸĥ
¬ܽͨŮӵǱȽСģһӵȴǿԱŮӵģȻˣΪСһ˵վסˡ⣬ҪȷйСż¼ϣĳЩ˵룬ƶϡ
ۿ¬һνʵжεķԸ׷׹ƽкá
ʱ糱ʿԽĽˣ룬ڵ޷֤ʱСţҲ޷֤ʱûСŰ
¬΢ЦҲ֤Ȼˡ֣֮˵ŲһǴӼǰͿʼģû취˵ڲڴ֮ǰˣ˵۵ģġ֮ȷǹŵĳĴ۵㶼ȷ̨ݺϷĲɣ
ʿ¬һͨڹʱͼˣԣŵΪֹ
ˣ
̨ѧίһ̾ѧĴ΢Цź˿ڲ衣
Ȼ¬ɫ֮伫ΪģԣһʮĳǴ¡¬ϸֳһֲɫԵŮӲҪŮҲ㣬ǫ̂ǺεȵĵԣĪҪ
¬û˵ȥˣʿɫɷɷף˵ȥֱָҪ췴
Ȼսݣ
¬ѧˣʮ꿼йʿǴĺʱȴҹڶȥȫΪ졣˵֮ġϴ϶дϵģô¬ġش󡱾ǳϵġ
¬һ죬רŵͬš˾˾ŭ֮¸СЬɴˡ
¬һǽ壬ȱһڷԡܹ֮뵽һΪֿԾ鷢Ƥӵĳϣ¬ıȽȴְĲУһΪ꡶ձٰʫ101ʱΪǮȥддλú¬ǶʱʱǶԼҡ
¬ԭˮдɲҾͲ¬ί
Ȼ¬Ȼ壬˸סԡͺͷʿı׫д¬áΪдͷΪԼҰдӦԮʻдκ¬Ҳ˶Լҡ
˺˺ȥﲻô죬׵Ǻ쵽ϡ
ҵǣ¬ǡί¶һСӵӵǳˣﱻȡ˲ʸ¬ίִա
ɾ¬ǽԵģʱ˾ͳʵ絶Դ֮¬ɴΪš֪˻Ϊ¬дʵģŵġ
Ϊ¬죬θ죬ԡͺͷʿǱǸԼд¼ˡȻ¬߸˵ľˡ
൱⣬ڿǸ൱ֵãǸǡͺͷʿʲôϵ
¬սݣȻԽսԽ£磬׷ʹ֮£зǰʮֱ¬һͨӳͳͳ̨
µĹڶʱ¬ҵĻѾжˣȫڷ׷ױʾѧˡѧˡ
׶òϢе֮¿񺰡¬¬
Ҫǣ¬ʤʮѾܹкöἰСǲĲùҪȻΪʲôЩҪŮӹŵĶѾʮˡ
ٿٿ
ҪǴҶڸŮţ治˽ţж㣬۰ҹﶼҹŮޡ
˵ʵ۲ֹ֧ţûϰԸȥŵģ˵ˣͶȫʵߡ
Ŷϴ˷¬оԼһʮ̫ˣ˶ҪƮȥˣϾʹ˼ֵ֮ɫ
˵ʵʵ൱⣬оԼǱǸδҲֵ̫ˡ¬֮Ǹ߰
ڣзʣʮѡ֡
ʹзȻ˿ҷģ֪ǰʮһ˴󲿷̽׵ڻңһЩʵǱȲ¬ˡ
˿̶ѾʮһԱ·˽⵽¬ĴˮƽҲʶǰ˸ȫǿ֣Ȼˮʵһ
Ȼһһӣίϵиʮǽĺ̸Сһӡ
ʮ˾ˣȻ˺޴ɿž˵ݣϲϵҵּҵ̶꣬ͽҵչĸһ¥˳̡ɼֻ֮á
ͬģͬСŵ̷֮һʮһ˵Ѹľ۰ԼԽ
̨µһģ̨ϵ¬Ҳʱ;
ڵһǡ֧СšȲɣʶڶ־ǡԡСŵ˱ɡ˿̣¬ǡǵʮһ֣Ȳɡ
Ϊ˵ˮ©̨¬˺ãȻſڵ¬˵СŲкŮԣĳ򲻸ҹͬ
֪С֮һС֣СС̣ǣáŮΪ׷Ϊ˴ƯȹϧʳͬģŮΪܹϺÿЬȻҪ׷һ˫СɵĽ
¬ΪмŮʼȷֻΪʱǲҲܹٷ㣬ɲҪ˵Ľֺǿ۶ϼЬ޺Ůӣ
ʱЦ¬ʵ˵Цˣǲ㣬һܹŽţɼ¬⻰ûųԼϣŮһͷ㡣⣬׾Ͳ㣬ҲͲ۶Ͻֺˣɼ⡰޺һ˵վסŰ
ֲ͵ȻŮϣɽŵĴȨȴǣڱŮӹţĸŮӸ˵žͷţ
λʱ̾ˣֻһҪˡ
Ȼ΢Ц¬ʵ˵ЦˣڱŮӹšĻҲ˵ģʥȻǺ̺塣ôǿ֮·֪ȻΪ¬߳ŭڲ԰ˣ֪ĻΪ¶˺¬ͬĲ⣬¬ص֮ǰ
ΰ̾һˣѲȻ¬һѡµ·¬ֱǶ¬||衣
̧ͷȥ¬ɫ߳ŭ˳콷֮ѵ£ںںġֱֱӡ
Ѿ˲̨ϵ¬ˣ¬һˣһҪˡ
ڵ֮רҵѡ֡ûƣֻһǸıְڷۡ
Ȱ˵μӱʱ򲻿ֻһ䡰층˵ͬˡ
˵СǱ˼ҵĺӣôСǸš˼ҵĺӡСܷֻḵʼֻͼܶûϵʱĸ춼ǰNɪƳһڷۡ
ν˽ͨĵˡ˭˽⸵Ī
Ȼһ̨˸õļ񡣸ڷʣ֪кμ̣
΢ЦܣҹǹΪͨǾȻҲΪ˺ü˶šⲻ֪˽֮жΪѣΪɷͷһһŲȥǺαأͨ˼Ҹո±в޽ͯ澣½ҪΪ
˵˴긵δҵʱĸͦһ˫Сѧʹ˺游ˣĸȴΪȣһ˫Сŷŧȥˡ
ǹʣʹСš
뵽˴Ȼ飬СŹȻܹһ˫㣬ܹĻ͸ˣЩǮܹΪкͯһǣ೶һ·ȥ˽ʶЩҲǺõģΪηҪȥֻʵĶأ
ⷬοⰲŵġ⼸仰漰еĺӣܹ󲿷ֹڵĹ۹ŴǮж٣ܹ澻ƵȫǴ˼ңʣµ²˼ʵ󣬿ܾһϡһٸɷһϡ
ÿ첻;ͲʳϰǼʵģ֮ǰʮ̸ĶЩʲôʲô֮Сźÿϰ˵Ҳ֣ʲô׵۱͡秵Ķ޷Ͷȥ
ȻҪЩɵĳǵзʼͰŶǿȥǳСĽΪ̽·һᰲڻҶϡ
˵ΪЩڻһˮƽһѡ֣ΰŸڵȼ΢һ֮͹ˣûҪյص¬ڹ
ƫƫⰲ¬һȥΪ¬ʤʤαԤ¬Ӯ˸峡ͲˣҲ֪¬˼Ѫˮƽӻǵз̫˼¬ȻӮʮȥ
Ѿǳˣ֮Ҫ¬һȥҪʤΪ˽¬ʮʤϰʶСźĲãΪʲô֧Сŵ˻ʮ
ʮʤ֮ǰڱֽϡϷ빡ĳСŵĲã˿еһ϶϶Ƿ鶯˵Ļܹá
ʵϣӮҪҪǹⳡĿʲôԸԸŲҪġ
ξٰⳡ۵ĸĿģΪ˲Щ֧СŵˣΪڱ粵Ĺ˼棬ڹŴ£ĸ߹ڣСŵԴΪʲôҶҪСš
ԼʵԲš


38 ʮ
Ȼⷬڹһ𶯣ϯ϶ʱ۷׷ףѾ˿ʼ̸ۡΪʲôҪţ˭ȿʼģԲŵĻܸܲҹŮŽţ
ȻʹˣȻܹʣǲż޲ȥɷϲǾ͵ù
ε͵͵̾˿ͼͳһ˹ϵôžͲŮ⣬Ǳһ漰ԵĻ⡣
Ҳ˵ͼŮԷ㣬ҪľȻǸıŮ뷨ҪıԶСŵϲ
һֱŶζԣζżĴܡ
ʼǼƻʱεȷǹҪҪҿŲӼСűӣΪӼеģһʡĽݾ
ƫƫǲֱӽҿСűĿġ
һʶСűǺεȵĳªôЩѾ˽ŵŮһĵһЩɷһܹȥã˸ĵķֻ֮ҪؼҵŮʲô˼ֱ֪
ϲ˳ȽôЩСŵŮӾͱ˴֮
Ǳʱкֱµʱ
ͼһЩŮӾζҪȥһЩŮӣѵľѹμ
վһ·ڣ𳵼ʻҲˣѡһһһˣƫƫߵ˱ұߵ˶ࡣ
ûȨء
еǶڸªϰһҪܳ׽˫㣬ͻиŮܺôŬξΪЩѾŵŮӷš
ƫƫ޷ѡ񣬶һʻŮӣûа취κһ
ѾˣһƽԼļƻһ淴˼ȫ֮ߡ
ڽ֮ǰδʼն޷
ûȫ֮ߵ£βòϣˣֻܹЩδüкŮӡʹڷ˶֮ܵҪ˺ЩѾŵŮӣһŮΪζܵ˺
ⳡۻϣ׼
Ҳ׼ҪĵǴ
ҳϣҽܣһųġܵġªˡ
λϣŽֻͨ۾ܽ˫㣬ǧǧҪߵһ
̨ϵĸĻʱɫѾʶЩڹڵӰҪǣ⻰߼ûģ൱ʵڡ
ѣֻ˵֣֪ŮֹͬŮڼӣǮҡŮСŻ޹ء
ЦҡҡͷΪʲôôϲܵԭ֮һʱѾ游֮ˣûйڸϵӶûϴɾأѾͷø߸ߵģ¿һ˾۾
ƫƫĴ˾ˣ˼ҵ֮ܽɫǱԽİܵһ층Ϊİ˴Ѹҵļҵҡ
ȻˣѵЦڸ֮ңСӰɡŮڼӡĻ˵ȥҪ̾һβʳӡ
ŸüӣЩп˵ũæʱŮͦһ˫Сµظâſϣ䵽ֱͷĺϵµ궼ࡣò׵ϿЪһЪˣƫƫһ˫СۣһһεĿˮֻʡ
ǴҲǵһʵĻЩʮŽסйϯ˵
˵˵ţԼĸпũæŮӻڼҳҹܸͣ֯ܵԴĶ룬֯˲ջӡͨСϰնԣۼ࣬Ůӵļ˿ӡһ˫Сųܹ谭֮⣬޺ô
˵ˣСǸ˼óͨϰոûҪѧ
ĻѾˮȻԷ˵Щһ֮ʣԷˡ
ԸĽζ޷˵ĻģΪֳʼڣŶҪʣܿüԾԾԣͼ֤
ο̨϶ŵˣֻһϲ
ʼűʱΪԸ˳˽⸵֮⣬һźʵ˾һǸˡ
λһͨϰճĶ̺֡šࡢԣеһжξưŵģΪֳܹڵĹ顣
ǻܹǣͬǣ˵ĿദɱԱǸŽ»߸ϵĹӸζˡ
һͻʶάԼ෴ˡǻʵ˼СźûʲôôҲȢǲСšҪǲСţһܹǮͺӶѧҲͦõġ
Щνӹŵ˲ͼȡģһռеľ󲿷֡
ˣǼ͵ˣһʥܹǧ˼һֶôּóˣֻԷ壬μȲԸƴƤҲһܹƴĹǣΨһܹ˵ֻʵ
ο˵ĻǴʵûκη׸ĴΣֱʵĴ׻ֱġ
ϣҲʲôȡʵˡ
Ϊʵ޷Ķװ׵İɵô޷⡣
ۿŸʾ֭ͼظЦˡ
Ȼûȵ©ʮˮٶȹһһûжŸʮβĺʧ࣬ʧϿҵı飬Źϯ
λűǴŶһ˫СűƵöŮҹҹǶͨ˼ңһӿ±ŰŵǮʡͺӽѧ˵ˣŮǲţ׬ǮһЩ޶˺ȻܹúͺαطҪšкԼӺŮأ
һ˵꣬εȥֳڵķӦ۷׷סβûпɸѡڣԴֱӵǱʾֹϯλͨϯλ֮󣬴˼ҾˣȻǧҲмٸϲ׼ǲεҪĿꡣ
ֹĿǰΪֹͼ򶯵²ͨա
ǽͷӶ۷׷סҲ֪¶Ҫʱ䷢ͣǲվһӲŮšûϵҪ黹һ
ŷѾм⶯ɫΪԥļڣٶǹһ񣬡λΨһŮҳŮףҾڴ˵λģҾŮš
˻һʱüɫˡʵ⶯ѣκûȷ桢ͷˡһͷʱ˸ΧֹҪǾͲ˰ɣһСϰգҲûҪŰ
ĺܸˣϲ˸֮ע⵽ڲ֮ιǰ˵
ܹ֮˵Ϊһ䡰층һ䡰Ůı硱
ʱ˺ܾã߶߶˵ĸΪͦһ˫СŻҪŷŧһ˫ŸöʶʱҪ߶Ů˿࣬±ӲŮˣҪš
估£һʮĴˣǰ¡
ײһӵʹ
ΪˣŮոճʱ¶ľŮţղǰٶȼᶨİˡ
ǽֻΪһݡ仰ֹһ磬ھȪ֮ҲܰϢˡ
һԵĸԼұͨۿ֪ùˣ˵ףȻƢЩûޣ෴ģʱŴܸƨɺͷСʱ൱Ĳ
Ĭ˰Σ׻Ƕһ񣬸ɴ̨ȥˡ
ĿɿڴΪ׼°볡ľ籾ûϵȻݣ
ֹ̨µĹ۷׷ף̨ϵίҲǽͷӶ
԰ḧףһۣΪݶƵˣݣڵСҪǶСһѿ˾׼Ķ˵Ļ·Ҳ֪λСļҴֽģ
תһ룬λСӼҾпɣǿƸΪԼڸҲ֪λСӿжף
԰˼룬ίϯϵϺ뻸Ҳ׷װ̾μƻ֮ܰ뻸ֻϧȻŮһڰѿġˣΪӣγ;˳γѧ˰
ȴھ̾εļƻ֮ӡ˼ά֮ܣ֮డνô˾ȻĶõģΪֻ׳׳ٲȻб޻ˡ
ѧĴֻ֪һļƻѧĴǷ׷ȥѧЩƢֱһģֱӳԳֺÿҪ尡龫Ǽʹ𡣡
ڳ||ĳ뻸첡˻Ҫ顣
еѾ˷Ϣ𿴽˿ڣĲżǧˣԵĴǺεȵĿֲнڵľгϵĴ񣬵ȵⳡ۽Щͬ޿ײһꡣ
Ҫˡ


39 
ڵıֳΣΪʼٸߵδ֪˿רעĿ̨ϡ
Į֮̆ӣն֮űзѡֲ̨
Ѿ̭ѡϯϵȴ൱⡣Ϊŵľ籾ֻԸʣµȫɷӡϾǸˣֻǰμӱȲεҲûεǮ
ǲܰľżʹģǸСͯԸⰴƿСľ籾ݣҳɹ̭Ѿǳˡ
ڱѾег¬ڹѾ̭ˣһֻʣˣǵзҲֻʣʮˡ
̭˽ʲôȫ⣬ֻһ̨ľż˵̭˵ֹ֧ŵЩѡǵļǻۡ
ߵñ۷ũֻ˵ʵ׻鶯ˡзһ͸˵ȫԾ
Ϊٶʵֻ²ͨϰգϵظСŶͨϰնûɶôģֻк塱
Ǳ̨ʾСŶϲ׼ԣȻһ塣
ĸΪʹСöģһֱƽŮӹšҷ֮һǴ˼ңϸԼŮΪĸףȻĹŮܿࡣ
Ƕϲ׼ŮǷţ˲ر⣬һ㡢νûϵ̬ȡ
ûпŲ֮ʵСӡγڲԸŮӶ˺ûнҿ顣
Եзֻ֮Ҫһ䡰˼ҵŮȻԹšܹȥ
ҵǣǧֻǳĮ̆ʾȻ粻Ҳͬôû˵һ䡰㣬޹ء
Էֻʣʮ˸ˣһμ̨֮
εĵ˽⣬֮ڵȼԼĪҲͱ¬һ㣬¬սʿ˲̨ζ֮ڴѸˣôҲϰɡ
ǰĶ֮¬
֮ǵͨ죬оԼ˺ôһͨ衣
Ϊ֮¬ҲǶԼҡ
μֱҪԹŴǵĹϵˣԭĲ˵˵ġ
Ȧң
֮ڼԼʫʾϸÿʫʷΪһʫʴңûϵ¬ڱ˳ʹһ꣬к֮ʫѯ¬
¬ôҲ֪أֻԼ˳۵ˣ֮ԩ޳ģ涼ûûҪڡ¬̲ĵ˼䡰пɡС
֪֮¬ԣѾһƽ͵ˣڰСϿͼӴ׵Ǽ䡰пɣǻнռ䣬ŬУһһ㣬ۡ

ʱж֮ըëˡ
дһס¬һ죬ˣ¬ǽһ˵ѵƽ͵ĵ䣬Ȼдʳҡ
ƫƫͦڱֽ˺ʼֻһᣬҲ˺˻
֮¬˵ԷԹ˾˼ʹϵϡã
¬֮˵Ը˶ûо͸˵Լʷ
ǰ
ʱ¬̼֮ˣټ˾СЬֱӹҹڶȥ֮Ҳ¬̼ƫƫŻ״Ԫľ˶ûϣɴؼұչꡣ
ͳͳƻͣ
Ϊ˰˾ۼһ֧Ҫ滥䳰ȷξͺķ˼˼ʼʱθ¬˵μһ¥
¬Ķˣ;ɴһȨķӡ¬ˡ
ôȰȰ֮˵ˣ͸ˣ׻Ӷǰˡ
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΢΢һЦ¬Ҳȥˣ¬𣿡
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̨֮ԼĮ̄µ¬֮Ľ¬¬ӮʮҪӮʮһ
̨˫ȻǸľżѸٱ֮ȥ
֮ΪĿ¬¬ϸֳһ֮ɫ֮սڡ
μм䣬·𿴵èܡ
֮Ǹߣգ֮ȥ˰˸ѾʼסˡǽͷӶ֮۰̨ˡ
۰Խĵ̷ӣ˳ģŽ»˵ǸոսּҵûáﻹżСᣬô۰ǸıϺꡣԽײеʳ衣
ڰų˳ʱͼԿƸĻô͵ÿ֮ܲܿ۰ˡ
۰֮һѾǵڶʮ֣֧Сŵ˷ԡ
ǰͷ˸ڻҿ·۰Ѿ֮ı·һ䣬ĵܣΪͨСϰյǲعţɼŮȴǱҪŵġ
֮֮ԷԹţΪʱ˼Ьо۰仰ֱֱ֮ʹ㡣
Լã۰һ£֮뵽ʱǰѾƱڼӵСЬഫȾơЩЬõģڴƱʱһЬϵϣǳһ¡
֮оԼؿڼŻ
̣ƽһ飬˵Ů糾ûǸַ·ıѾαҪСǿ谭أ
⻰۵㼸һģһ
۰ЦŮ֮޷ƾ٣˳ãΪıһе֮⣬󲿷ֶΪǸ˴ѡ丸ֶΪ̰Ļˣ̰ѵûаԼŮ𣿼Ȼһͬ֬࣬͵һܷͬ
ôҪôֵǳû°ǸԼĵ˭㲻أǸҪＰ
һЩĺ֮⣬D񡢶軧ȵȣΧ൱һ͵ñţֱǸʿѩϼ˪
۰Цô˵ĵǲͬŮӹˣ
֮ʱһۡ͢ϵûһҪŮӹŵİ
룬֮˵ͷ
֮ǰֲͬͨϰռҵŮӲ𣿰ͬһͳһ۵һԭҲͬǶŮӵĲкǣ
֮Ѿ۰˵ʲôˡ
Ȼ۰˵ͨϰվʿũ࣬Ȼͨϰղˣĵܵ˵ֳ˶ŮӵĲкţôֳĵͼ֮Ҳ˵ĵܵ˵ΪŲкŮӣǾ͸ӦüŮӹˡ
֮֮ˣ˽֮Ϊūͼ֮Ȼڷ棬ŷΣסϣڹšпްˡ
̨µһ֮̾Ҫˡ
˵ſпޣԷȻ֮ᷴȻпޣȻǹŸͼ
Ȼ֮ˡ
ΰ̾۵ʱô˳ŶԷĻأ͸ֱӻش𡰼ȻΪΪͼ͸ùţôͬĴ˼ҵŮӸùţѲҲΪҹǵͼ
Էش𣺡ֻǰĵܵ˼·ʵΪСŮõ֮ôܹţֻͨϰպʹҹǸùš
֮һԻش𣬡Ȼ˽ţƽռŮҹҪ֣ѵҪԽŵĴСֱ𣿡
һͳ׶۰ĻͷΪ۰ǲ˵ͨϰղš֮ͨϰպͼʲô𣿡
ٲȻ֮ɴͻش𡰼˺֮⣬ڿҿ֮ˣŮD񣬲ΪͶ̥ã㲻ʲôһǹ˽ţ͵ڳ·ʱֻ°Ұһˣôܲһ̨¹ڵͬ֡
֮ǸµĴүû뵽
ε̶ܳȣһ׼һѡὫ۰ϣͳͳ֮ϣƫƫʱ̡̫Ϣ̫١ֲҪ˵⼸˲Ѿ۸ỹҪƶƻѵȵȡ
λԼĶѣһ֮ˣȥԼ֮⣬ϻʣĸˣĸ˹ĵƣȫ򲻵ѣԸ⶯õġ
û취ˣֻԼˡ
֮Ѿ̨ɥĲСѾ˲Ͽ֮ˣһƽһ顣
һ֣ζ۰
пڡ
ΪˣѧӰɡ΢ЦѧӣҲڴ֮ͥ³Լǡ
۰һ£׵˵ͷ
ѧӣĶǿ׷ӵʥ֮ȻˣТ֮װдš巢֮ĸһˣТ֮ʼҲСǿнһ˫СԭǶĲкҪν仰
Сͯأ˼͸ҳŪ
۰Щɫ仰кأڵںԸĸТ֮ҲŮӹ˽űж㣬һһڼӣ÷ϡŮ䡷֮жŮĶ塣ɼŮӹ˽ţֳĸΪ˸ĸһµŮӣʹںҲڽ񳯡Т֮տɱТ֮ʼҪĶడɼСŲТ˳
΢ЦŶТ֮ʼɱТ֮ҪǿǿԲֱͯнʿ㺲ˣ
۰ɫһ˶յҪʵûͲյ㣬Сͯûб˼·ܣǸΪֵˡ
μʣ޷͡Т֮ڵ巢֮ĸһˣ
ȻǿԵġ۰һȫ仰ıڽͺΪТ˳ǲһ壬һǲøĸģǲݸĸڲ֮أɹСǸĸ֮֮ҲҲ
Ϊ˷ֹ壬۰һ䣬ȻеȼģТĸʣҵ֮ȻˣֳֻԸĸТ˳Сţһµ꾲ŮӣǡǡҲТ˳ĸ
˵áκ޲øĹơθݹӣԼˡ
൱ο
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ֲᵽТһТȻҪģҲһܰٹȣǲТ˳ˡ֣˵Ŀɶԣ
۰˼˼飬ȷûⰡ˵ͷ
΢Цֵ˵ԣ΢Т˳ԹСТ˳ضǲТ˳
ζĿ۰Сʹأ
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ʱ̫ԳȡͳơûϵһҲˣ
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ԴʮڣŮͯʮˣ꿪ʼŵĹʮˡʮ˵ΪŶˡ
λ뿴νϵֽȦĹչʾһ飬ϵ⼸ֽȫŶŮͯļ˵֤ʣָӡŶȼߡ
λ߸Ůͯ࣬ʮ֮߾ͶˡŴȫǣս˿һ㣬һͥĹ߸ˣһ游ĸһ游ĸһԷֻһŮͯһڵŮ˵Ҳиʮ˿ڣʮ֮زʣÿΪŶزŮͯҲиһˡ
ѾȻĹڣλһزһŮͯһԷ޲ֻ̫һŮͯ⻹˿ûȥЩͦСżöĳŮҲûͳƽȥ
ֱӶԵÿΪŶزŮֹͯһˡ
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ˣǻҪСһڸԼЩĵáǽСŵϹ衢ƭҡȥЩΪСģȫΪЩ˽ģ
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תίϯѾҪȥע̨µԽˡ
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ֿŤԽƱ磬ݿƱ䣬ԶʵԶġ
Ѿɵ˷ŭбƢĹڱ־Ըֹ֮ݣڷŭͬһһµֹ֧ŵѡͷ
еѡɫɷףսսܣеѡˮݺݵĶΣڿԼɱˡ
κη壬ڵİ֣ίϯüĿʤ֮ɫֱֻͦ壬ƽ͵ֱλί
ίǴУͦҵģĲȫЦǺǣһ֮οӡ
˵ļҵСͯǧ˶壬ָ㽭ɽܹнʿһλܳǲٳдΪ󣬺γҵ˰
뻸˿ڲ裬ֲõʱҪԼʩѹҪ֣ǧ˱͸ͨפҶñ
ԼίɾͲһˡ
Ȼ뻸֮⣬ﶼеţ֮İգһ㲻ãұ췴ˡ
ŵö˶ί
̨ϵλкһͨôȥˡʹ˽ȫǷԹŵӮ˰ɡ
ˡˡˡţƤĴͣòװѹǵķŭѹſڡ
λλྲδһӻԾοǿһƤԼ𣬡ڴҶΪַ֧㣬ôγԺ۴ɷԹŵһʤ
ȫĹڶվ̨¶ʱס
κȻоԼۿе㷢죬ôŬ˶˲ªϰ
ҪûõЩƣҲûжŮɶ˺
ʣµĸʵǻʦ˺Сŵ̬ͼһ˴װŶңʵǸС̫̫λǮҪöԷչʾԼСţӦһͽͳꡣһǸԭ֤СŶŮӵ²г̶ȵģҲòˡ
СŵĳªģûڹֽɣԺᱻ˷ʱѾûŮӹˣҲŮΪٶȱ˺
һ֪ȥ֮жԸԼŮ㣬·ҪһһߣҪһһڳԡ
иıǺõġ

ԭΪĽҲҪ͸أ͹˹ŴϰǶƽеĴµĹע̶ȡ
µķԶеĸ죬̶죬ȥ̾ǾظΣǰǰע⵽һЩԥԥĹںܶڻȥ֮󶼸ԼŮ˽š
ԭΪŽŻ²㿪ʼΪǶȢϱµΪУûϵȻǴˮƽ²˿ʼġ
У͵һŮѾ
Ѿסڱӽֽͷǰһÿļõǿģʼʱֻһִ߽ĶɣͿϸɣһЩҵһ϶ר¥ʳ
Ѿҷ˵СŮĸزֻʣһĴѾ
һһ磬ԭҶϸؿţɷȥ¥ʵĶڵŽַھǰ򶹸
ⶼˣĵŻεĹء
·ȫûע⵽£ΪҷȥಡСŮȥˡ
Ҳûע⵽ڱһ
ڣˮҧڲ֪ʲôֳ۲˵˲Ѿ𣿡
ۿ죬ɣʲôʲӱۻᣬǶǺ˵˵ġ˵˵ţ¹Ůǿ࣬ĸŮ˲ôİ
һۼҺͱ˲һ
૵ǣңҡ
ĸӣÿزһ͸Ƶģʮ»̥ڴĺӣһһز
ʱＸһħĵزڽϣ˼ҵĺӣҪ࿴۵ġһ뵽ȥ˵ӣϴ棬׬Ǯһ붼ȥ䡢㳤ơ
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䲻˵ȴոһڿ׬ǮңƫƫɥӣֹסԼϱǲʲôȻҪĶ
ⱨӦΪʲôҪӦŮϡ
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ôѾɴѾ鼫³ģಡһԵҩȷ࣬ļҵҽȥҩˡ
Ѿ˶ûи֣º־͵ñүߣѾֻǽַھΪ޷ƺ˳ںģӽʮŮдѾʣµĸжѾѾ
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ȥǸ۴Ҿ;ǰ˵źõ˶ǹƨ
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ʱ˵ˡ˭޷֪ʮ֮ķʲôӵġ
ҲʲôҪѡģѡ˹ţѾܻܽҶˣѾñָ㣻ѡ˲ţѾǷָˣҶȥţѾǻᱻָ㡣
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ҹƵ͵£޶⣬ξһ飬Ϊż漰ŮδһӣԸĸӡ
Щ˼־ϰףһ˻ȥе˹һ̵ķ򣬾ٵһȣջһһҧ̤һ
Ȼ֮࣬ԭһա


40 
ϳСһڵսѾһͷȻҪⳡ۴ͶţʿΪⳡʫ
˵֮ڱϳ˺ȣʫⷽ൱ˮƽġ
ǳڲ֮ΪβдʫʣһͬΪʣȻļһʫʼ
ΪⱾʫʼӰѧѧΪдƼѧǵȻ൱Ը⣬ѧǰ棬ҲȣֻЦдƼ
һɣ̾л۽𾦵ǵĸš
ƼͽС㲻òĴսȺؾ
ĪģⱾ黹˺ΪݽڲšΪѧУ۶ӵıضĿʮ֮һ
˷ʫʼοǵ˹ŴʶʱȽϵͣ˽˵˺ٵⳡ۴Ϊ˱ۼר˵ڲｲⳡ۵Ĺ¡
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΢ʱֻܽѧԲЩ֮ʱ֣ܸϾøһ˽ء
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ҪҸܸŮ㣿Ϸ˳˼һҡҡͷⲻܣ̫ˡ
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˱Ϊ̡Сӵ澣Сӳ£Ȼʲôý
ͬ飬æְһƬȻҲΪСû£ôТ֮󼴽޸ʮɣʮܸϢӵܡȫ˿ڡ
˺ʰƬʱ򣬴ոտҩٶǰȥҩԼ˸ҽ֮չΡ
һٻʱЦٵٰ֣ʪ̫أΪƫԶұǷϷ֮ǰСŲȥ껨õģֻСӲأܷ硣СӲ֮ٷԸʰŲӡ
Ȼ׽ΪڣҲϷΪҪŮɰ롣껨ñ˾ס֪ġ
лˡ˸ˡ
δһⳡľȫľ򿪵ҩЩߵĳɷ֣γڴϻ˯²֪
òʶ˹Ѿȥˡ
˵ʵԼҲͦ¹ģ빶ûؼء
ҽˮƽ൱ĲʱҩȻ࣬ǳ˴ܹԸоԼֽûôˣˡ
˴£òװѿĵӽһֵ֣òͣЪϹǷ뻸ƾٸĳŵ
ҵǣʱ㡰ĲƷˮһͣȫЩֵȽϸߵĲƷ
һǸλʱǰһڡ
ƣŴΪʲôûؼҽա
һ󲡣ǮƳɿգ΢󣬼΢


41 
ԭ͵óȥѵʦˣûϵ̱ڴأˡ
˽õһͨʹ֮ʵãʮűֿ˵
ƣ¶ˡ
ھǺΣ̫æˣ˲ԼʱǸŵ
ҽ㣬ʵڱǸθɬɤ˵ѡ̫ҡ
εȻҪǸֲִ˵һһԸʶˡ
ҪѡضǼףʵ˼ң˼δؿΪﳼ֮ŮʹܼҶ˵˼ڱб׼ȲԭݣΪԭǸĹȻ
Ҫǣ£ǾܼҶ͸¶ֶŮҪ˵׵˼öԷףпа˵Էм֮ףǱضŶԷ̸һ
ɱ˼ҵкҲǷʲôûоԷ֮ͬ½ټǡ
鷳ǣλӦ
һ⻰ɫޱ䣬ã㲻Ҿֱ˵αҪܽء
˵˵ţꤻȥǿܿ
̾˿㣬Ҫʵе鷳
ã֪Լݵ΢ʲôٻֻһףԼϽӼɡ
ͨʿӣα̽̽һＫÿɫʱͲ˵ˡ
ѸѸҪǾ+Ͻ͵ǱɣĶôѡȥ
ҽ㣬ѡҪʵ̫ߣҾΪʵҲ㿴
õҲżǿѹңԵȡ
θЦ׻˵һ䣬δɻ飬ѡޣҪһ¶ˣ
ɫѿˡ
ʶĸƺãǹֲĸԼֶŮ˰μһˡ
ȿȡθɿŻعǿջЦǽͲϢˣöġ
Űһͨͷò״ºú˯һ
ոմͷ˵Ԫˡ

δ˸飬ѪֱǣѸлսģʽһĴڳȥԼ˸ĨȻܻشͷɢ뿿ϡ
ӣҺ
θոմ꣬Ǿͽˡ
ȿȿȡ
ȿΪ
ˣ
ģôǸְۣϧĿһۡ
룬仰ԷΪŶȻˡ
ûû£֮ǰļ˻δãżз纮ԲЩ㲻صġ
ֿ˼רŸ
ʾ
ŮɶˣŮܲ˼ٿڡ
Ȼξͱˡ
ǴһѲƷԪԴһ֮Ԫֽҿûйһ£˼ʱգΡ
εȥﰡɶϵ
㲻ѹ֮ʧ翣òС
̾һʼղϼҡ
ζˣ˵Ͱ
Ů֮һˣչŴ˵ĹûйŲܸεĹ۵Ůǿţ
ܸΣˣǼ֮ˣԾԼ̲ߣʵڲ͡
ȵԽңѪӿ˻Ҫȳ
Щ£纮ܹȾģǹ˲Ǻá
ŸνЩϵĲƷĻᣬߵԶһ㣬Ȼܺµǲġ
ã㵱ȻûܱסﲻţҲ御һΪá֪ÿɷһмˣͽ⡣
Σ
ֻһڻӣ㣬ԳҲ˵ʵû˵ٻҲ˵˼仰Ϸ˾һͨϷ˲Ǹ𣿡
γü㣬ʵΪ
ûдεƴǣѹÿŽڽ˶۵ķһ¡
ȻˣҸ֪ܲ
һãȻʲô㣿
ǵЩƯƣϷǰЩȥǣҲ֪˵ʲô֮ˡ
ԭǶֻ֮һΪãں
ƫƫѾϷˡ
ǵʱ;òԾΪʲôϷ˻Ȼ֮㣿׷ʲô
ʱ澲ϼµ˵ֵ÷ı۴
ǵһΥŮ䡷Ľ̻壬˽۴ʫʼ
һҳʱֻ֫䣬ϱ룬ŮϢϢصô᲻֪
ϱӸûг°
ѵϱûţⱲӼʹǰ𴩣һšеһжҪ˼ȥأϱգһܹı
µĿֻУµҪҹ﷭ȥ˼
ˣ첻͸һ֮
еһжǴǾ䡰һȡʼģֹĸȻ̸ţھƿ˹Сŵۡ
ɺ
ƫƫĵ죬ϷҪŲȥ껨á껨õĻɱ˾ӶˡܻûĻһܲʮء
ֵǣβڶ죬Ϸһ̸á
еһǣܾεÿһʶ֡
ôɺײһǸ⡣
ΨһܹЩɺϵľǡθһҲٻһӣ
Ƿ˼ŵóһۣۿŶȼߡ
ΪһСӣƵǰͶֵܸ÷ض޹أҲûܹǰ֪ҪڽС֮
ֻѾһӣβŻǰ֪꽫һ˶
סʪصĻˣβŻĳЩⱲӻûѶϢϷϷΪͻǽŲȥ껨ãڵڶṩĳЩϢλ̸Ҫ£
һһ޷ˣΪʲôԼϱûз£ϱȴء
Ƿ˼ڸɡܼ򵥣ΪԼϱ磬һֱլûȥעĴ¡Ҫǣⳡ˶ֻǶݵĻԻͣһʧˣֻܽΪʲôֱԼϱȥ֮ǰû¡
׵ĸθһ֮ãȻּЩŭԭҲүһ޶ƫģ쾭ĲֹһȻˣүΪʲôҪٻһΣ
ţµĿֻУϱֱܸ޳ȥǶδغóε֡
ûעεĺȫ֪ʲôʱѵģû£֪֪Ҳһӡ
ǽʾ֭ŷƽûעΡշתҲ𰸣ֻǰ̽
αȵĿⶢͷƤ飬ܵάסãȻ㣬㲻Ǻ𣿹СŶ۰
εı൱ֿȴţ̽ã˵ôö˶˵ĸȾ纮أ
ͷһ飬װɬĻش𣬡ȥǺղкһɪ̰վһ㡭
˼ЦЦ
Ѿеסˣãǰȥ˵ͣΪˣòضգҲûҪ֡
˵˵ţ𣬡ÿΪȵǱʫʼãЩʫдļΪ񡣡
ΪʲôǵĻȥԶƻطһ£
εʶǲ̽
ǲ֪Ļ֣Ҫ̽
ôпʱȷǲйϵԲŻٰ̽
ɽֻĻȫԲ죬Ͼйء¶ֻһ²⣬Ҫôȣڸúƨɺй׷һ·еҪ֪һ𰸡
̫ˡ
תһ룬˼ȣǲ˵м֤ݱйء
԰ܸϷ˰æڸ٣ܸѧгְæڸټζһֱǸŮôǻڵǷķ˶йϵӡ
ƶ໥ìܵģǲֲܼ֪֪

ϸϸǰһоֹ˼һξΨһľǼǰΪֹ˵һ䡰һȡ
ǲΪǰ֪˽֮磬ԲŻֹš
ֻܽ͵ͨΪʲôڲ֪йϵ£ǰ̽ΪǾǰ֪ϢǸŮԵκ֡ǲŻǰ̽
μƶϣǰ֪ڲϢֿܣһǾǿιһ˽ܸ̫Сǲôġ
ڶ־ǡ
ƣǲΪİɡ
ˣε̧ͷȥǣֻЦݽӲǲˡ
ھԼҲͦӲġ
ܲıǻɡ


42 
ŬҪԼԵù𾪣ҪŮһͷŮ˶ҪҪŸɻˡ
γĬһڵʵ㣬ѹܾˡ
Ůƶ۾ֻһβַܲһ£ֻǰ֪˷˶ϢֻҪΪԼһǿϢԴܹŮŪȥ
Բ˰Ϸˣ
ʱۼΪϷҪţ£ֹ˹š˭Ϸ̸ʱҲҪŴ£һʱ£տڲԣûϷ˾Ұȥ껨á
γĲ֪ô£ôһһġ
ˣһġ
ϷͼıƶϿɱĸšΪǲôθϱһĬԡʵ
ֹ֮⣬ûκε쳣֮
ǳһЦݶ
㣬Ҹ㣬ǧϷ˰ҹͶܸܸǵϷˡ
һģ˵࣬ãİɣԻؿƿġ
ε˵ͷҵȻģȥϷ
ְοһΣɵĳš
һǳţиÿ·լƬʵۣؼһҪడ
̱ڴϰ̾һȻʼѵƻ
ûйƴĻ뻸԰εӦǶְѧְѧʮˣʮȫͯҲ˵ҪţȻоˡ
θ뻸ŵǾܵоˡ
Ǹ¼ܵˣȻŻؼҵϣϣˣһúúȥ
Ů֮ʼûǹٳǿƾٿҪҪ˽ᱣξ͹ˡСŮװ׼ܺŪȥƫƫչ¶ǰĶŮ
Ҳ˵ԱȻı޳˿ƾٵĿܡ
Ϊ˲Լȥúõĳ룬μʾ֭áͺͷʿдǮ˶ͼΧŮԸѺһЩ
ⳡƾٸʦļƻⲻΪ˶֧ѧĴۣҲθԼҵһ
ѧôڣҵһ֣ô벻ؾʦ֡
ֻǵһʱġʦҲ㹻εѺһЩ֮⣬ʦְҵǻܵ˾صġ
ҪǣʱڵοԹ£ȻҲҪעЩ֮ǰСΪԺԵ֮ǰŮݾͻᱻ뻸š
һαŲ̊ͷ¶һ£ʦܹ֡ļ|ʽĿԣԳΪһͻƵ㡣
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ʵڣŮӡ
ƴһɾ֮⣬ʵ㻹бѡ
λعдԼļƻ
ȥҲڸԭС˯߼ҩں̶ܴϲĿա
һΣβٰҹɡˡѵƻ֮󳹵׻ָϢʱ䣬дˡ
ȵʮ˵ʱεѾָĲˡ
һվӣԭԼӤֻˣٶȻָԭȵò
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ױϣδС˷γ˸ȥټһԼʿһ·ǰԺ
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ǣȻϷ԰ֵľɣƲεУʱ¥ǰһС滹˼ֻ׶졣
Ҳ֪ǲרڳͷѧġҪһþ͵ñ׶ҧԺѧӿ湻Ҹģÿ춼ë׵Ĵߣ
ԺεĻ˵֡Ǯ
ѧУУҪȹȻѧիѧի֮ǲԱ߻ֲԺʳԼһЩ
ԺѧϣѾ˴ѧĳΡ
εĿĵؾѧի
ѧիʵɻһĸԺۼһԺеܰãеɽԼɽİ칫
Ҫҵľ԰
˿̣ûεۼһ𣬴ҶżŮ䡷ߡ
һ̤ţܹʮ˫۾ߡ
̧ͷܹԵĿЩеľȡеʧ
СžͻǸͯȫûеʿԷȣ˵ʿĶӵǱȽ
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ǵģԼԼ˸ûдεŮ֮ǰװƽ£ֲΡ
һδкҲʧ񣬷׷״кһͨ
˹άԡƽı£ԼڱϵӢˡ
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ĨۣҪǮ͡
ûһξѾʮˡ
ǮܸӣǶְΪԺܰǮԺһͱȥ̱İˡ
ǱŮ䡷ǮԼҲȷԭΪ˸ؽ壬һȻǸСˡҲ֪̳ܲܽȻǴ˽̵òãֱӵܣ
Ǯһ滳һڴ鼫临ӣֱʹιάʱ䵭εҲû⡣ЩԸȣֻҪǶͺá
էɽϷȥְ࣬߰ɡ
ԭΪ԰ûϵȻŰǮ
ǮһѧիߣһȿڵְѧӵľӶ࣬ȴҲмΪѧҲ֪ôģǲϡ
Ǯ˵Ϊϧ¾ǣж˾һġ
ε˵ͷʾ˽ˡ
֮⣬ʣµȫЩӲ
εЩĶôѧġתһ룬Ŵ巣ʢУδֻ˵һΣѧѧĵط㻹治̫ܶߵҪ
ѾߵѧիſˣǮһᣬοӶ챻ԼͺˣɴƽĿڵ֪Ǯɻбָ̣
Ǯ˺ðΣĵϷһӣǮӡ³۲аֲ֮ôʹ򣬸÷ͷ
һ̾¸ĸİ
ǮİɣȻһͬʣ̵ǵѧҵ
Ǯһ죬˼䣬ǡ
ͱǮ֮ξͽѧի
ԺдκСֵ֮ġ
ξȫԺѧһϵģҲǳ˿ƾٱؿ徭֮һЩĿ䡢ȵȡָǹΡʣµľ徭Լ鷨СΡ
СβõСĽѧʽ
һΣԺҲһΡ֮ڲܿʲôӶ뿪ԺԺ꼶ÿ꼶հ༶ֳɼұĸ༶
ÿλʦһ༶Ȼ༶ľҵҲ˵һ£༶óıѡı
δֽ֪ѧƶȺ;ƶȼ䲻ѧѧ֪Լóһ飬ҵǣҪף༶͵군
սѧիһ鰸ʮɡ
Ŀƣ۴ɡ
ʿƽ
ݵøƵģСƢ
һֻԼĵزǰˣ꼶СôдóŮ䡷顣
Ҫô˵ְ֯޼أ˽ͷӶ۷׷ס
ε˵ͷҡ
Ů䡷д
ֲǮҪ˵˳¾ˣȫǴͷ
һϣһ΢Цǣкָ̣
⻰סˣϾֻǻʱ֪֮Ҫ
λҼȻӦɽ֮ǰλϿΡôҪŪλУжҪƾٵģ
һƬĬҲΣôֱӵµѧ
Σһ΢
ҡ
˷׷ŭӳ¾ƻŽᣡ
ãôλͬѧ֮⻹б𣿡
µǡ׶˶٣Ҳ
˺ðΣûٷ
ãȻֻλҪƾ٣ұصλľҵʣµ˿ɽҪȥһλѧϰ

ҺҵСǶˡ


43 
Ǻ⣿
һ±ƣֱӷʡ
ССϳŴɻ󣬡˵Ļ𣿼ȻֻҪúѧϰƾ٣ȻҲֻҪ˼ɡ
ʵʲô𣿡

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Ʋµʮ˷߷߲ƽŭ
ȽˣǰͱСˣǮͶˡ
꼸ꣿѲɳ¾뿼žܿ𣿡
λܣֵͬѧԾԾԣһҪսȺļơ
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ͦء̧ͷ
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ѵǣҪǳԺٺٺ١;㵹󵱼ʶֱ
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ǮʱĶˡһ뵽ҪϿʱ뿪Ժס³
ˡ
ǮдʣǷ˰ɣҪӳԺȴѲץסǺǣҿɲؼҳҵƬ
֣֡硭аɡͻ˸飬ѧǵͬ
ȥ·ģ㻨Ҷʮһֻ꣬Žܹɱķ
һʹйӣʱһͨ̾
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ֲҪСǮֻ̾жǿ彡Ĳ˵ȻͨƣٲȻжеļƷ
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󣬡׽ģȻС£ֻ
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ֻйԡԲͯʲôԣÿġ徭ġʫۡ
һпԵĸԴ徭
Ŵʦͳһ·ǸС⡣һѧǱ徭͵ꡣ
ҵǣλȻΪˡ浽ҪϿӿΪԳԼˮƽƫѹлУɹ⣬ǰ֪ǴĶİ
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44 
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45 
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46 
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47 
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ԬյȻóڷ
ԺԵһȷֻһ죬ɵȳɼ͵Ҫ߰죬ټϵڶĿԣ½½ҪʮҡһԺԽ֮ٵӡˢмٵȸʮ죬ԺԵȳɢȥˡ
Ԭü׻ЩԥǽһָĴ̣Ǻ֮㡣ʵۺñǡ
ƫƫΪʱȶȾ͵ôӡˢδҲ̫ðˡ
һԬԥȰԬۣմ仰Ҳض˵ԬΪ˼ٷգȻӡٱȵ֮ѧˣԬȻԴӡˢ
һ⻰Ԭշҡҡͷܴ꣬ضǡЩЩĺôǵӡżȱ֣ƻľϮͬգ֮䣬ܵ͵ñ˲䣬˱˵鼮
ԬղԳľһʱҪ졣ҪӡҪ֮ڽ鼮̱ọ̈̄ƵЩӡ·ߡ
üͷ֮ǰû˼⣬ûϵǵľ˼ҡ
룬ԬֿԹ鼮ӣ
ԣԬ̾һʲôóƷðؾĻûʲôô
ҡͷԬִǰ鼮ǻӵȵ飬Щ鼮ʵܸߡһһ֮Ѹپͻɱ˸
ǿƾͬ󲿷ֻҪԸ⹺Ʒ´©ٳ鼮ӰԼľҵǾ͵òʧˡ
βԬȫ鼮ϴϡóƷ⼸֣ټϴõͼһֻҪԬٶȹ죬ͿڴдϡòƷбϡ
ԬǰһεȰԬֲҪ̫ϣܹһЩǮ˼ҡɵȻ޷ϾֻҪðıʶһԼ档ټϺڻиʽ˳ڷд鼮
ķֻܹԬһʱ
ԬЦǺǵģ˹ˡһʱҲˡ
ܣֳ顱ԬЦҹۺǶҿðܣȫл
Ԭֺǣ
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̾һͨЦеˣͷԬˡ
Ҳ֪ƽ̸鵽ֵһǸ߷ڣΪԺԵȶȻûʱ򣬱Ҫһ׬˺鼮ûЧӦڣѸپͻᱻ̸ʲô˴ѧ˹ɡֶȥ
Ը㡷ֳɣһƪ㡴ѧ˹ɡ
βԸ⣬ǷǮˡ
Ԭ֣ﻹһӣȫҵѧϰ֮Ԭֿɽɡƾܾӡ̷ۡ
ʵЩӶγ徭־ûɶͼľǱ
֮⣬ӵĴ𰸱飬򲻱⡣
úúáԬ̾ʵ˴Ű
ǫһЦȫû档ҪǾĲãԬ˵ڸǿ϶û˵ġ
δԬռ֮Ѿˣ˱㷹øȥԺ԰̸أ˵Ԭô԰ǿͻ
ԺôڶѧӣȫǱڿͻĿϷŹ
ռ԰û˵԰ҴҵĿڡ
ˡ
ƣһһͺȻ
ü԰˵԰˵µıضǴ¡
Ϻδ⣬ѩѾݱ˺֣ң͢óٳδѾֱΨһҵǣôѹȥˡ
ֺ֪ڽζˣ˸˶ûгִ̨ʩ𣿡
԰ɬҡҡͷˣȥ꡶ձƪ빵ı˰ĸһ£Ϊ⼸ֺƵƵƫƫʮʡĸ˰ѹ˽ϡһٶļ˰ʵǳŲȥˡ
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ֻϧʱһһ̻δע⡣
˰ĸ𣿡
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Ǹûܿʼ
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԰û˵ָָϣΪڳɷɱ䡱
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ǿѹʵңΪνں޷Ӧ
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ԭΧʡ˵ܵЩӰ죬ҿԽЩ񡣿ƫƫԽأѾظŵ˵ذյ
԰Ȼû˵ڣȻԣصİղԸٽ񣬽ֱʹһ·ϣǰֱ
˱ۣ񣬱˽֮⡱
ֻһӿʱÿæڽѧ˹ģæĻڵءȲǣҲڽ߶ûзִ¡
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ԣ
Ŀֱ԰Ϊʲôֽûκα
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Խ˻ѧԣ뻸飬һ˽ҳҪųꡣ
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ЦʲôһҸǧң
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԰ǱҴˣĵĥ˷ƽˡ
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˰̫ˣνͶ֮磬ǰԼĵعھү¡Ŵˣ˼Ͼ˰Ķʸ
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ҵ˵ĻôҵȻҲݱˡ
ƫƫҵ˰ʮ˰һǮͨٸ󽻵˰Խˡ
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48 
κ飬ֱӼǲŽйɡ
԰ʶΪԼѣͼ⣺ҵȲʲô
ǰεͷʾͬǲǿһ±ֽˣģȻʲôû
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ٳڵģ˭˻ˮϾǰòþҪֳ
ҹӿڣֱӶİӰ졣Աο֡һȵԼµֲֺǱġ
˷ʱᱻȥ㣬˭Ҳ񣬳ֺãǸɲ÷λߣˡ
ƫƫϽ˵ȥģǹԱǵ͵͵ķԸ
ŶˣƱֽǹٸ˴ģǣβ¶ͱһֺٸͨ˰ũ˰͵˰ʱʵΪ˻黹Ҫ˰
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ֲһһֻΪ˼Ҹȱѩ
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εķ˶ѧΪưﴮ飬ĸ˰Ƶļƻ
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⻹ʲôֱΪֹɵӲŻ뻸Ͳ˶θ飬뻸Ǹˣ˾Ǹߡ
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ǽһĿȺڵĿƿˡΪԶθһЩ
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49 
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԰Ĭ˰Σ˵ԭļƻԺһս˰ĸȥСֽƬϽͬʱСӿڣһũ˰ѹ󣬰ԭͷŭ
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뻸أ˵԰Ǳʥ鶾ɵˣô뻸أ˹ļƣôֵܷͼɡ
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뻸˰ĵһҪ˰ֱ۵ùԱǵĵϱա
㡲֣ǵʫ֮תȺߣڳĴۿſ˰һ±ѹЦǺǵװû뻸ͲǸĸʧܣɱ֮
֪뻸ǲĵġ
Ȼ뻸Ӵ֮˶θ˰ĸļƻ
ʱ뻸Ѿʼܻˡ
˵ǣҵֱֱԲڣΪΪҽҽȻĴ
㡺òɽѰõֱҽΪ뻸
뻸Ϊ޷֧ţƻŲ԰ϡ
Ϊֹ뻸ļƻٶɳӡסϺ԰ǲŻΪһҹ֮ӿ˽ǧʵЩĳ˽Χ
ֻҪ࣬뻸±췴һֹͣƻʼ
ǧû㵽԰ûмǣһʱ֮¾ȻΣγ˽
ʹεļƻ֪Ǵ׬һǮծ֮Ϳ̣̯ӡ㡴ʼնûиΣ뻸
ԭֻҪ԰˵θ֪£豻ǣҲ֪Լˡڣεԣһ֪Լˣһ侲ѯԭǰ·
׼һãԺξܹƶϳڸʱĻԼ͵ø洵ǾԸһӱ˸ƻġ
㡵һãȻһ˲ΪԼۣԼȻΪ
ɻºԭͼΪͣһ
ҡ
ֱӶ뻸ֹ뻸ĸ︳˰
뻸󾪣˶ڷ㡢㡭
ģһȥãᴦáŵ
뻸ǵһμӵĿΪΣ
ĸ˰ĸẦԼġ
뻸ҡҡͷ
֪˵ηΪԼķܶҵ
˰ĸҲȲأ
˶꣬ô᲻֪ĺƽʵõ˹ģƵ**ǿпţе̫֮δط춯ƵƵ
º͵ֻ߳ᶯƤӡһ˼ҪҪµһţ
ؽҧεȵķŭٳδʧĴֱԽɣʵȴϵǵ£
õ̩붼ʵ۶֮ϣܡװơСΪΡ壬붯Ҳöֻ޷£ۣһ˼ӡ
㡸ŭϱ׸˰ĸﲻһˣΪ˾ûľѪʹˣҲ֪Լ֮ʳá
ʮĹ٣̫֪ʳıײӺζ
Ҫֻ徭ٲʷҢ˴ʱãӡ֮ҲΪˡҵҲӡġΪΪᡯҪɾȥʸᡣһ֮һ֣ȴΪǻʵۣ
ƽ츸³δѣ

뻸ŭѣ˶ڷһ㡣֪֪ǡ󲻾֮
۱£
ǡ
ľԸ޸޾
뻸ֻؿһʹ
ҽʷ飬ҽӣ
Ҳãû̺
û̺ҡЦδңȴң̩ɽ
ǣ㺦ĸʣǴ֮ˣ޾޸٣峣
㡹뻸ǰ
ʵ
ҪҡɷٰһĪҪҶȥ
뻸һᣬݺᡣ
ˡֱأ뻸֪ԼǹӲд˶ˡʲôӣһԣȫ˽֮ɡ
㡹ţǿŲҪޡ
ԾΣʱϤְֵĽʶ֡ܲʲôƨĸ˰ĸ
ĸ뻸㡻ʮ˸ĸȴ֪ܹΪá
һ߲ĹٳԭԾض̨㡣Ҳ˵ʵûͨĸȴ롣
뻸֪һӵĸ˰ĸ޷ȴ룬뻸Ĵ
ĳŲԸ뻸˰ļƻ
ۼʦ龫ǣȴҪٰ롣
ֻΪöʦš
һε˽Ĺ֮ˣ


50 
վſ˼뻸ǰ㡵ͷĬᴦһ¡δ㡵ƷԸ˵İˮƽ
ô԰ǿ
԰ϡֱ˳Ĭĵ棬ԼԼ˵ϳϰ䣬ȥɰͰһСͷʵ弫ãǿ
οԿ˵ϵɫ·̡
Ȥļ۲죬϶˵Ŀ⼫ΪУӶĿһۡ
Ǽδ̼뻸һвϸһɫ
Ҽ뻸ֻԾźԺЦȪˡ
Ҳ˵ֱף
԰ԣǸ¡ǲ֪οżס뻸һɼʹˣȻΪ
νֲң˶ϲ뻸û뻸пݴˡ
֮԰ĺøУζһ˸Ȥ
סη
ܱѧĴҽѧˮƽض൱ڹŴֵø纮˵£ʶһˮƽǺõġ
Сӿˡֱһ
εҲȣαװ㲻޷졣ڴԣŮ̬ʵǺܴģ۲ܹ·ֱ档
ϷԭһҰ򣬲ӽꡣ˼ˣ践ء
ǫˡ԰Ǽٳģʥ֣˴ζлֻǲֵ֪Ĳ
ֱ룬˵Ĳ˼ǹȶƣʱע˲һǱصĲ˳ʼ˥ߡϷԭҩȫ²֮ҩҩܹӻ˥ٶȣ޷
Ƿбķӣϼææʵ
СֱĬһһ֮ҩƳ
ζˣҪƶ˼
԰üҩбĺ
ֱΪѵǲͦȥ͡
԰϶ʱˮԭ²ҩŻܹһ£ҪҩһֱӾȥˡ
ҩҩѸٱС
ֲ뻸ôҲΣԼҩͿ˰ļƻɹһˡ
أȴ㡳ˡ
ӦѾϴˣ֮ǰ޶¡ǲ֪Ϊʲôܸо˴һּ״̬
㡿˿ˣɳɤ˵ѾӦҩˡ
԰ɫӣ˭֪ĽΡ
ͷˡһҾס
ֱ̾˿ԵΪֻλڰ
ҽٵһʱҩֱ̾˿Ĵ־ϣࡱ
˵꣬ҩȥˡ
ûȥֱֱ
ʦ壬ڣЩָűһͬǰȥάһ˵ȿá񡱡
ʦ壬ͷԸȥջɢڽڵֹ֣ͣƻ
԰Ҳ֪Լʲôܡ޷ӦͻΪܣ֮ԼԼһϾ˶Ǻõġ
˸ȥ
ֻʣκԶ
Ȼ֪ļƻȴûи㣬Ҳԡ㡼Ҫ¿֮ĹϵĻҲͬ⡣
ҡҡͷʲôѡ顣ֻһҪദꡣʹ޷ζԷıֹδҲ̫ˡ
㡳Ĭһ޷㱣֤˺󶼲ƭ㡱
εͷġҪָ췢˵ƭΣλ治š
֮⣬һ¡μ˵ҪΪҺõ
㡾ΪعƽŻͼס
ʹεȷصƽȥҲƭɣǺϵǰ㹻̹ϡ
Ǹ㡵Ǹóĳ⣬֮
εͷʾܡ
⣬һһҪ֪㡱
㡵ʶҪܸ
ЦŵͷһТȥƧĴׯ
Ȼ֪ԼʵСҪȥŬĻܸж˼ƣڽѼ£ȥѵ
ҪǣȥƫƧĴׯܹЧļٸעĿ⣬Զ㿪飬ܿÿ춼ŮǶµճ
ʱԻʵбȫԼ
룬֪һ֮ΪɱΣǻϣϡεľжȻʶʵСôһᾡѸٵİˬȻʼļƻ
ʮ֣˵Դ֮࣬ڴ˶лˡл֮̽ȥТܸ֮ҵĻԼ
ҡҡͷȡԼ
ֱڶ޷ȷܻ֮ܲȥΣԸⱧ뷨ȥһԣ׼ͻȥء
ֻҪ㡱Ըɻ飬ξͲԸȡԼϾûһӰɷҸһͨߡúÿ˾ˡ
ôһλе㾪ȡŵȻġ
оȥĸӣ
ҿǹˣܹһЩأӵĴӱҲܹ̫ƫƧŲ㡱
ＸȫһҴǵأһ˸޷򵽳Ƭϵ
ҡҡͷҲµؼɡ̫ۣҵǮҲĶɽ˼˼СȻܹͼլԺǾ͸ˡ
βΪ˸ȥģҪһȽεĻأ֡ôҪľͲزʳǵطȽϴ󣬽ʱׯ԰Χǽһ˭֪ׯ԰ʲô
Ȼˣܹ򵽳ƷԺǾ͸ˡ
ңҪʳҲ׬Ǯ֮취ҪһһڳԣûҪһλ
ɲʲôеһжҪǮ
ζ޷Ƥ㡽Ǯˣ㡵ǮֲǴģҾծδ壬ծδ̫ˡ
̧ۿۣԣ֪ʲô
Ԫʹǹµȵءɽ֮ģµһĶӣҪĵطضҪһƬƬرض۸Ҫǡ֮⣬Ӧ뽨ׯ԰ֻ׵Χǽϲϡ˹ҲҪʮӡ
ǿЦ⣬һ
㻹Ǯ𣿡
Σ
ûûϵǿƤҿƾӦܹһЩǮȫһһֵ޽
֮ӦҪرҵ׬ǮҪһסڻؼ֮ǰȰ㡵Ǯɾ
˵ȴһǮЦ
룬ҡҡͷ㡲Ƿģ޶ëҲֻһ޶
ȵȣǲͶң
κȻ뵽Ͼôһ֧Ǳɣô׬ǮơһٶҪǮܲϲɣ
϶ǰͶʰ
ϧˣЦЦܾˡ
ҪȫȫԼһ˽ǮϵǾԸһΪ¡
һܾҲû˵ʲôϾʮӽһˣ׼ܹõԶʮıꡣ
ϧˣξȻܾˡ
˺˻裬ԾԼиҪҪȥɴĸˡ


51 
δ˿ԹԵĴ껨ãѾȥ죬ԺԵĵһӦÿҪˡ
ûȥѧſڼһԼǰ·һߵȽ
ŮɡŮɡúܼˣˣ
ܵǰŴˣ
κ⣬
Ժڣ԰⼸æڸŹٸã˲Ժˣò죬пȽ
ӵһ̣԰ͦġǴͿɣʮأЧȻȲϱһСӵ|˼¡
νʱÿ԰ڷ
ЦӯӯĴк
԰̧ͷŶŶ
԰˵꣬Լһ˵޵ˣҪΪŮݣȻʶĳƺһ
ȻǫһЦ㲻ֻǶڿеĵðˡ
԰ɫŹ֣˼¾ܰѼ̳ͯţҲСһĵá
֪ǰΪ£
ɽӦѾӵԺԽ¾ǡ˵һˡ˵ڶδһһ˵Ļ̫ãҲͨڶҲ˵ǰֻŲȽŵĴš
԰ͷǼǼ
μȻˣɽɹҵĿƾؼ
ƾؼ԰һġŮ䡷𣿡
ȻǣŮ䡷һ飬ʱδۡͳ˼ݸ԰Ҫؼ
˹֮⡷ؾ弯ϡ԰˷ס
԰Ǽ͵ˣ֮ƣʫʻǲóԡ
գ
԰̾Ӧãеġ
ǾͺáЦУȻɽźã֪й򣿡
԰һ㶣ʶΪëԼġ
ۼΣ
飬Եͨ汾һʮġװ汾һһġͨ屾һɹİġ
԰Ǻܾͨϵ飬ǰЩ鶼һɽġ
ΪѵϷɽ̸ɡ
ҡҡͷɽҺæⱾѾõӡˢѾƣʼˡ
ɽһӡˢֻٱЦԺԵڶ˵Щһ˵ԸԸʱţΪ˰Ȿ飿ټϵһû벻֪˵Ŀƾؼ
ɽ౾ἫȵμӡҪԺ֮ˡ
ʵϣڶ֮ĺʱ䣬ڼȱǮȻҪ
⡭԰ԥԥ
λСӴϻ۹ָոձһѣ᲻ꡣ
һ԰ӣֱӿڵɽʹԸĻˡ
Ҫǣ԰ʱɵˡ
԰æɣԺ湺ʮףƶʮӡ
Ȿĺã԰Լ˶ýʮֺö䱸˴İ˹ʵ滹йĿҲǷװɲġ
μȻ£ܹǺõġһ̳ܽʮʵֵ̫ˡ
θ߸˵˶ʮˡ
ţԬݼԬȥˡԬѾյԺԵһεĽ൱⡣
ŵʱյ˼õд
˺һ֮ͨԬն˵ʮӳСС񣬲ɾ⡱
θ⾪ȣԬǣ
㡱ԬЦǺǣüãһü̾ȥѧſ飬ѧ˷ܵĲУһֱҵ֤ʱ鼮һ۶հ
ķֺ죬ƿõʮӡ
ι֣ԬֿˣҽΪ÷ֺġ
Ԭ뿴һΪƾ֮·
ʵдġŮ䡷
ԭʱģддġԬָ
ԬյȻ֪⻰˼Ǯ
Ԭշ飬ǿ˼۾ͳ˽ȥӵڴˣԬղĸһд˹дģȴڽһп֡
һʱ֮䣬Ȼ˲ΡҲȵԬտ֮󣬲˵Ԭ־Σ
úúáԬմЦֹܴţһոµģ
ոµζǮ
ĲдģԬҡЦҽϣԬܹƾ֮·˹ġؾϼıۣһƾٱرļס
Ԭյǰһ
԰ƾǸӣԭͱȺҪࡣϲӵˡƾ׼Ը˺Ķ˳Ȥߺ棬ҲԸƾ
һ֮׬ĸ࣡
ƣԬ̾
ȻˣһõֵǮء
֮⣬Ԭֻÿ¿еľˡʿǳƷʲôĵá֮鼮Щ˱ضࡣ
ͺ궼Ը߼չ߿״Ԫʼǡ
θ̸̾һУǲŽбءҳӲٶֶţ̸ˡ
ǼǼԬ˶˷ˣһҵȻԳһЩ鼮ʫĿϣҪġ侭Ҫ⼯ȵȡ
Ԭ൱⣬Ȼ˵ٵ˱Ƚ٣СҲⰡ
κ̾˼䡣
ҲξôҪһҪԭ򡪡䡣
ֻпľ˵˲Żȥˡǣ˱ȿĻοԣȥμֵĲԡ
ҵ࿼ˣĹǣһƷĹپ͸ҿһƷ佫佫Ϊڳ㣬ǮŰɽͷĹǵıӻǱҡ
ԬշɢһͨۿɼĿܡ
ܺð
ҲܸˣϾԬΪ£ֶʮӡ
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ôʱûǮ⣬һ
ˣͣˣоԼˡ
ǮֱĹš
ʮʵϣǧľۼ˼Ƚϴĳ֮⡣ΪģȽӴ󣬾ۼ˴
ŵʱѾǴˡҲ֪˵ģٸѾù
ǺԣطĹ൱ĲɶѵľۼһеķеһֱڿޣеĿֱͣÿ춼ڵŹٸõʳ
ԭͼΪȣҲûע⣬ܹˮӬһҪļªҲû
һüٸĽֻǷʳ
һֻܺһϡ࣬Ҳǿĳ̶ȡԭҶöûˣȴӵӡ
ͷϲŲݱͳĬĹ·ߣһҴĹܼһۼ˺üƤͷĺӱѡߡ
ϵǮʹǶԣڷԾܸߣҲľ͸һڷ԰ҵطЩˣͳͳҪǮ
˳Ŵһ·һ·
ѡȾҪųЩ꼶̫Сġóģܹĸ״ϡ
һܹźһ·꣬λĸױضԼǿǿ׳ϣζҪӡαһ˸׳ӻǴͥһԷǮֱӰŪȻǾԸðķյġ
ǿ׳ÿһϡ£һٻлǴ㹤ȥͷжܻȥΪȺŮԼӺӵȴ
ϵǮ޵ģϸÿһǮֻܹЩϣ߷Ҫˡ


52 
һŵ·ߣһϸĹ۲졣
ݱĶˡӻǱȽŮӣһõ˻׳ŮѸٱһڸŴ󻧵Ĺߡ
ҴǳʵĴûᣬǽ˻᲻ϵسʵԼҵǿʢĴǼԸߴĶȫͶ׼ϴõЩҪָỹ̡óͳͳҪ֡
ʱԸ߹ٸûǳıһΪЩڸھȼɴ֮µ档
ٸһ췢һϡ࣬ټϴǷʳǺôǶˡΪ˲ǳԱҹľȼõȵ֮ͻѸٵֹͣ
ũҵᣬĻǼٵģҲֵ֣õԾ󲿷ֻܹܹԼ
ۼѾüˣ˺üˣεȫǡиˡ
εҲǿ׳ͶֲעıŮӼӺӡɼʹ϶δֵõΡ
彡Ůӱѡ֮ᱻׯ԰Ͼǲȫӣһ
ĺӼпܱߣ|̹澻̻߱
εĿѡΧͱüխСֻܹݱªŮӡӡ
һ·ϤĹ۲죬ڿһŮӡƫƫԷûвݱ
סԸߣվŮǰ
Ůáιһ£͸һڲݸ˵廹ԡ
ԭŮױУüǰѯʡɶһ߽Ӷ˵֡
һʱ棬߽һŷ֣Էͷôһߣ̥֮ġڶԷһֱͷ
Էͷûֱ̧ҡҡͷܾε롣
ҲߵĻסȻūֻҪϵĻѵĲȡūӶ
Ůڲݸͣһ£Ĭ󵽵׻Ǿܾˡ
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ΪΣ
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ǼȻÿܹϡȣ˻ҲҲû취죬ôԷժҲ˸Ϊҩˡ
šŮӦһ϶һ̲ͣ
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ˣȸð
γһʵ㶮һЩҽ
ⷴʶָϡ档
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Ĵ齲󣬵Сɾܹ˯¡
Ĺ˵ʲôŮһֱ̾˿һһȥڳڼʹӪֻкŮӵú͵ܵǷĸð
ֱҩִæȥ෹һ˺ôʱԳԺΪŵβ


53 
η·ִŵ˺üˣȻʵϣĿǰΪֹϵӻʣ°ʮ
Ϊ˸ûǮ
˿˵ҩǮ֮⣬ŵֱѶû
Ϊһ԰סȴ֧ǮĺʱңԼİʮǰҴ塣
ԺԵĵڶѾˣöҪؼұϲθɴ˻ǰҴ忴
ѧļˡ׻ֲ˼ģϾҲʲôũ游뱲Ӳש߷˶䷿
ˡ游ӭŨصĿе̫
ɺãǶ׵
游Ըϱ˲赹ˮ
ũûʲôõģһ˲Ҷĩӵ裬Ҳ֪ǶܹдõĶˡ
ûоܾһڣлɡ
游ЦܹԺԣţ
ƴǵ
ﵱȻΪ˸лġ
ҪԼ֣һȦΪ˱ԼĴԣͲܸϹϵ
ԾƵڲܸ㡻ѧ£Ψһƾֻݡ
ʹûйܹ̳Ŷ㹻ñ˸߿һۡ
ɲɣѧУΨж׵ĸũסڶҴ塣ҴǲԶͨŶݣ㹻ڶҴ
ټʱ¿飬һＫסѡһׯΪӵĵؾͺ鷳ỹҪҵ
ҲûбȶҴʵĵطˡ
κͶ游һͨ״Ʋ𣬡ɣżΪĽ԰һСԺӣҲÿ԰⡱
游˼⣬ɶÿģ洦ɼļѼ㻹ǹƨɵܵСƨøܰ˽o浽˶Ҵ壬Ұݶֲ
游Ȼô˵üﵹҲмĵأǵȫɳأҲʳ
ЦɳصûϵҲǰɷ飬һ԰Ҳ̫õأֻҪ徲ЩطһЩͺˡ
游׹˵βǻʮĶػ𣿡
游üͷһ壬еĿΪѵǵԭӼҵģﲻТ˳һ߾ѵ˽ȥǵȫµȵأ潨լҲãһҪˡ
һϲԭÿֶ׼ˣû뵽ôãȻܹ򵽡
¡֣ɷǰȥ
游Ҳɶ״ǰӼҡ
ԭǹ¹ˣѡסҲԶֻǺһӡӳɻ֮ҪȥǣԲҪѷȥ
εӼſһʱˡ
شβƧǹǰиʮĶءƾɣƵؽ
βǲιһȦˣӼѾȥ˽ǣֻܹ붡游ˣæϵ
游죬ʱ֪ͨˡ
ԷԼĪǱ游ܹ֪޹ǽ̳ţ۶ûһ֧ʮӣֱӰѵعΡ
ڣһԼһٰʮˡ
ǵģΪԴӳ¾ǿź̸׶˵ַʮΪлá
ȱǮʱԥʸлѡ
׼ûôǮģȫûи߶״¡෴ģҪǮס
ΪûκθǷӵľ顣
ȻᣬǾͽרҵ
δһϸש߷ļλ߰ʮҡѯʹ˶游֮󣬴Ӧ֧ʮӸԷǶ
һ򶡼游ԭйӵľ飬·ɱһĨڵǿˡ
ũ˶ԣܹʮӣһʼĲƲܹüꡣ
Ƕ׵ҪˣΪʦصΪ˿ƾٵʵ棬ζҲ͵ϵġ
ôһ㣬붡˫Ӯġ
˽췿⣬μͣķسԺ
뻸һֱûȥ
Ҫˡ
СԺﰲϢ㡾뻸ǰ԰ԼһЩѧҪǾ£СԺһѧȥһνӰλ
뻸ûѹԣعⷵյĻᶼûС˥ܹȣʹֱҽ޷
ϣƽĶϾ˺
ûսʤˡ
ʮҹ뻸

ûнǰ˼ľڳԺȥ˿ջ̡ͨ
ΪԺķΧ䲻á
˵ʵ뻸˵֮УȻɵľٰ뻸ɥ¡
ȻϵĴô׿˷ģ԰϶Ϊʹ
ϵıʹ԰ڱʹ󲡵ˡȥ̽һΣ׶԰߰ͷЦ˵뻸һߣҲԶˡ
֪Ϊĸ裬ͷ԰ȫӺãֻ͸뻸һȥˡ
Ĳ޷Ȱģ鷳Ĳ԰㡡
뻸ɥ°ĲƴŮΪġ
ȵ뻸֮ͣᣬ˶Ǳһǹ߳΢Цӣȴļǻˡ
ʮֿɻã
ҹϪͤ껨ʵ벻رԶǰϪͤһ㷽㡣
㡵˵ͷ̵Ʒ;ɫ
ֻûһʮֽʲô
žһĺθûָ㡻ش
Ҳȷû˵˷ſһ˲β˵ϰ֡
ڸовȥˡֱ˵´㡵˰̣ΪѣĲС
Σ࣬γһѻߺߵ궼Ըⰲοһ㡣Ϫͤ硣
ζ챻ľˣ㡲ſڣļƻеôˣ
ѾõˣҲڽ˾µӦþͿסζһ£Ҵٹһ¾ϷǣТǰȥ
Ϸ˲ͬġֱԣԵ޹ͻȻ˵ҪȥޣϷ˱ضỳǲܸίȥһ˵ܸˡ
ߣҪΪβȥ۷£Ҫȥׯӣ
֪λֲ˼ģԾ͵ͷʮϷǰԼˡ
һ²֪ûôġ
Ȼʹ֪ǴİοȻǰԼ
ǶʦһȥõҲûˡܹ㡳̸ֻʣһ໥֪ԷܣŶԷİѱͶԷԸıԡ
ĿΡСʱϵѸٵȥˣʮ˻ûδȥǸһĺ
ֻ֮һꡣ
ʱն֪εĿʲôǷǰǸһԱ֪
ܹ㡵Ŀ⣬ٺһЦƳһһĺƫƫƶߣôȶȲֻԼԽʶԽѡ
ϵģԾ󾡻٣Ȼͬ͵߶߶˵顣ϱӶʦĽٳϵնȵȡ
ʧȥеĽġҪһ϶˵¡ٻһһľﵹ˸ɾֻ֮һɣ˯һ
ڶѹѵûϰ䣬ڴ˼ܲĨȥζļ䡣
Ͼ㡿߶һϣ˺ȫûƽº̬׿Ⱥȡ
㡱˱۾ж


54 
һͷѡǹӾƹֺúȵģ˭֪ƺô󡣻Ƭʲô֪
һ֪һּ̹Ȼ̬㡡
ü
ǲң
һã㡵װ˵ܼϷˣԷͬТ
ȷһº磬һ£ԼϵǮһһֵļ٣ǾܰװŰ˸˵ģ֮Щ˻Ϊһ֣һµ֯ܡ
ͬʱλȸЩҺýȥǧ̳޴ȥǰ׷Ѿ
ȲϾҪʱ䡣ڴ֮ǰξǵҪʲô
峣ѧ伮ͳʿķʽЩӣǾԸġô󾢶ھΪ˽̳ǻֱȥԺء׼԰ʡ
ҪǴĽԼһףЩӴ֮Լ룬ǺεȵʹࡣԼƴڸЩ޾޸ƽȡĶ¸Χ£Ķ鷳
շת࣬Լһͷ㷢ͺ֮εƻ
еİ˸ˣӡӷΪŮӻĵʱŮȱġȲξͱĸӡ
ӵʹ겻ȡ˵УŮӷзλĸײ˵ֻôһϡ
ܿ죬Ӿƻ游췿ӵйȥˡ
µףڶҴķѾ޽ϣǱϷˣŰס˶Ҵ塣
ԭѾ˼׼ûϵôࡣ
Ĳ˵˵һκȲˮ
ǰܸθûעԭˮһôѵõ顣
˴ŷ֣ÿպȵĶǴڸĺˮǾˮȫδйˮǲˮһûˮʶҲΪȼϲ
ɽĲҪſ϶õģݽոҲҪʡģÿշϺ󼴿Ϩ𣬾϶һǰ㡣
ƶϹʱڼпСڣƵƵ轵ʹʳ͡ʱڣǾ͵ڶ㹻ĵȡůﲢҾܵļٻԽġ
һжҪΪ˶׼ĶûȡůĻᶳ˵ġ
ֶ̿ͨϰոũջʳһǮҪ껨Ҫʱ̱ǮʳĶϻǮн
Դ˶Ҵ֮ǹһ𣬵ҵķֳϸˮȡ
Σֻÿһʳʱǵ˳ˮ
һĲľͿˡ鷳ǣӶϰ˳־ʹӸȡˮȣϵȳˮ
ΪЩϰߣξͺķ˺ܴ
λҪѧĵһʶ֡
ڲ䣬СҲѾˣӻģǱȾ󲿷ͬ˸£Ȼ֪ΪʲôҪǣܹβܹԱиطѾΪˡ
⼫ĴʹﺢǹĶ¡
ҺҶβ죬ηεϣĸڿ˵εСðˡ
һˡ϶ֲʶһƨŲȥձ
ʶֵĵطһ˼ôܹأ
СŮԥԥ뿪õҪ֪Ŀһ۹̶˵˵ûõġ
ȫԼû
λڴϵ鱾ѧϰһ֡
ûóͯ飬Ͼֲһ︯塣
һ׶ĳʶֽ̲ģӦýСΪ׼淶һЩֱȥҪÿ˱ȫġ硰ǰҪϴ֡ˮȻʶ
ÿϳ͵ԺУʳʱȱٳԡĺӾ͵һԳʳαûгʳԳˡ
ҵǣҪΧСǵĿ䡣
õıлЩ׼ӡԺҪⱾ齫СӵĻϰ߶
ʼʱûκεıлһô˵αÿж鱳
ӵķͬѧǵĿ̫󣬲£˸˻Ѿѹ淶ˡĳ϶ܹС
ᱳΪ˰ʶ֣һεȵֽдȥīϱӣƨɶӲ
ֽд˸ʽƣýϡʱ򶼱ڱȡճȥȡһתܿ˱ֽܹϳֽдʲô
ǵĻãֻܹ뾡һа취Ϊʱ̳ѧϰķΧ
·رĽǣζܰǵġ
˶ͳһϰѧɰ
Ϊ̥Ǽ䲻Ըţ۲Էʶ֣Ǹɴཫ̰ɻ
ⷽͨҩĺϰĿϷŹͼҩɺǿʱɽܲܲɻһЩ֮ãҩá
Ҫշˡʳι̶ģһũƷ𶼱Ҫɴһֲ߼
ݿˣſڵĵͿԼһ㡣
ӻİ˸˼˶Ӫ⣬ԼΪТë
Ϊ˲Ӫι˼Ѽ졣ũźЩΪȻʹˣȻ񽻸ӡ
ǵøѼ죬øȥ֦Ҷա
ϱӣӶͯΪ㹻μˡ
˵Ĳпᣬ͢ĸ˰һһأֹлֽϡ
û˭ʴȹҲû˭ǡǱҪѧļܣŬδҵסԼ


55 
ȵѧ˻Ϊ׼淶ξͿʼ޸İ汾Ľ̲ġ
γ̰ŻΪţ塢ҽ壬ϡ
εѧӲã޷Դͳ徭еı׶˽޸ģΣֻѡԵĽһЩ½ڣġͳһ˼롢ѧϰȹ۵㡣ʣµһЩ˸Ӧӡȵȣθҽ̡
ڻûѧ֤֮ǰͱ鶾ɵˣֱӱһ¾ӡ
ѧλϳ˵Ρ
һζϣڵԼͻ̸ĵ¾ڸ壬ιѧθιķѧ
еϣܹΪѧϣ
һЩ޸İ汾Ҿ壬κò״ܸĲ﷭ˡӡӡȷ
ʵϣЩֵ˼벻ִͬķɣҲŴġ̡͡ҼʹִɶŲͬķϵһǷѧҵʿȫ޷о
޳ЩԵɣһڵķҪ˵ĸ
רзɵ˲š
μǰң˵רзɵģ̿ʦֻˡ
֮⣬ΰ˴ѧݣŴѧǾɵܽᣬһӶûĻθɴֱӴӰհֽһϵѧѧϰ
ʵֻѧĵﻯȵȣκȱЩ͵Ľ̲ĺ˲ţֻȽѧЩĿĽ̲ġ
ϼſμȫڣʣµҽҪɷϡ
鷳ĲϿݣ˵ġҴؼڸҡ
ŴϢըָ㵽֪ʶҪҴطΪֱʹ˴֪ʶʷ
˵뷽ӻƲҩͼһڷĽܷΧڣΪÿõһǮзһݣĬε
һҪڿϽҽҩ֪ʶֱֱȷߡ
һ£Ȼܾ
溰֣Ұǿҽҩ֪ʶ
ĸ߷ûҩ֪ʶȫܿѵô࣬ƾʲôܱҹӶԱ㣿
Ҳ֪ǹ£ܹ﷽ȻĴ²̵ࡣ
ɫɷףͷŲ֪˵Щʲô
޷չļֵǸҲˡ

һˣҺôΪ׬ȡЩŵǼӺͳϿǰǮƶû׬
۴Ҫıҷҵҩİɣ
οŷŭķĸоԼͷͺ
ŵЩ˹Ȼû׬ȡֱӵĲ񣬵ÿһ˶ڽ߾ȫץסҸĻͼԼĺһЩͼƿԼˡ
α˱ۣ˵еһأѾܹ׷ϴҵĽˡ
أμȷҪŭԭʶֵĻһ㣬Ϊ׼淶͸ñˡ˵һҪβóʳһӶ
ؾ¶һ߳ŭɫЩкãǣҲ֪ʲô˼
ѡ㣬ԽĺӦеġηŻ飬ЦЦ˵̶ν֮Űұ˵
ȣǷҵҩ˵Ҫζ˶٣仰˵ǷһҩҲͲ䵽ΪҽĵزεĴ
Σϣڵѧҽҩ֪ʶ䵱ονʦҿԸһĲｱθ档
Ҳ˵ϣܹΪʦµĵһҽҩгһգΪҽҩҵĴĴ
ϴ÷ˡ
⻹Ĳݣδ𣬴Ʈ졣
Ҫ÷ʶΣ
㿴εһȥ
ӹϸĿ˺һʱɫɷס
Ǳϼ֪ʶμȡһЩǷûнӴĶ
ȫԼϿΡ
ϱǸսؼߣÿ챼ΣյĵطΪԼСѧϰ༱֪ʶȥʸ֤
ⱾʵĬдľ󲿷ּ֪ʶҽϵȫͬһǶڷԣһʶʵбĶԽ̣ԼβôҪͻѸת뷨
ǺݺݴĴƵ÷ɫݡ
ͬʱⱾǡöӦҽеҽҲִơǷ֪ʶäҲ˵ΰѴݸĳ϶ԾǸ˷ҽѧط÷䲻˼
֮£ѹ˷棬ĸԸĽڸѧǻҽѧʶͼ֪ʶ
εĽȥɣ·죬Ȼʵϣμȱοʦӷҡҽҵ˲ţиʽ˲ȱ
ҵȵЩѧѧ˻Ľ͵ԼѧϰʱҲӦʦξֻԼĿİĴЩǰߡ
ʵ״̬˸˿Լѧ֮ΪרҵʦѧϰҪ뽫רҵ˲ҪķѼʱ䡣
Ѿг˿Գ䵱ǵ·ǵȻٺòˡ
Ҳֻܹߵȱҡ
ڴ֮ǰ˼ѧ֮ȥĶ˵ǲһֱǮǵġ
Ҫҵ취ܹ˵֧ƽ⣬ʼӯһ˵֮ûȥһˡ
ܿˡ
ϸ۲ΪǮȻ⡣鷳ǣʲôáΡֶƵȻҶ֯ҵǳ죬ҪҪһȻͻᴥҵǵ档
˼ȥξ֡۵ֻֻʳסеʳ
ûǹʳһûǸʳ֣һзαضᱻרӪԺȵľ¥ϰ塢С̯Сǻܡ
ҰĶϲ׼Թ˵ĶڱѣҲ޷߱·ӡ
ôһ㣬ηڵľȻǡ͡
ÿÿҪõ֮۵˵ͿνƵĵ䷶ˡ
ͲȫȦϣοüղչ֪ʶ
ͷΪեȡͽַʽŴһʹեȡեȡлͣͿԼ͵ĲܶĻȡ͡
ʼ뵽ľǽַҪ顣ҪܸʲôͰֱӸ󻯹ҵ
ȻˣôֻܹѡʹôҶõѹե
γյһ£Ҵֲ֥飬֥֮ȥͷեͣһӹѼɣͻʡһͿԹǳһġ
ȥθͺûʲôǰ;ʶԸķëҪԼṩ֥飬Ҳռء
ڷ֯ҵһƬʢϷĸĵΪɣҵ£Һ޲˯ĴɣҪط֥ˡ
εͼۿԵһ̶ȣϸϰһӵϣǻ԰ѽʡɣɱեǮ;ˡ
һĵΪɣңֲ֥˱ضӦ٣ͼ۶пҪǡʱͼֱǮ;
ôܹЧȡ
뵽ľǸԭϡ
Ҫեԭ֥飬ε뵽˴󶹡鷳ǣԭեͣշִ󶹵ĳʱȲ֥顣
Դصʵ֮ѡ֥ΪҪեͲϣʲô͡͵ȵС͡
֪󶹵ĺ֥飬ȡ޷Ľֻ÷ʹô󶹡
һֻ֥ϴתˡ
˾֥ջ񼾽ڣѾʮ·ˡ
ΪȥͷҲŶӣֻʣǼ˼һûե͡
Ϊ˽۲ͷեͣǵե͹մʲôȵȣθ˶ҴեͶװԼȥǮե͵ġ
һߣһпԼľҵ
ΣһϧեͶҪ۲쾺ֵĺ


56 
Ҵեͷڴ࣬ǸŶǼȥģﶼ֥飬ֿտգȫҪȥե͵ġ
ʣʾֻͲե͡
ǰζ˵ݣһ·̫ҸδֵһֻŵͷĬ·
ֵܣեͷʹҪǮ
ɺ֣һǸ岻ڵĶˣʳֺ޳ʶġ
һʮҡ
δͼۼʣ磬˶ҴҲֵ֥飬Щ֥Ҫöٵذ
ȻθﾻЩɵ⣬ȫû¹أһʱ棬ʵشֵء
θŶһ˺ܿ͵եͷ
եͷջ֥飬һˣ̵߳Ϲء
ɺͼֵһ֥鵹ӵײեʦһ߹һ۵ʮ
һʦһֺɣʮ֥ܳͣ
ʦһǸ˵Ĵȴʳûʶ⣬Ϊ԰С϶պãܳ˽͡
һ㣬ųڰٷ֮ʮҡ
룬ǵǴǣΧյˮƽԼˮƽӦ൱ôʮ˵ĳӦѾǲˡ
֮ǰδǴʮ֥ǶɼֵֵġҲ˵ͨϰһʹ߰˽ҡ
֮ǰʵģмһʮģͶٰʮġͨϰһӣҲǧġ
һ굽ͷҪǿͣϻǮռıֵҲиٷ֮ˡбƷΡ޲ũߡǮѺ۵ȵȣ׮׮Ҫ
ֲôҶԼ֥եͣ𰡡
شϣ֯ҵ꺣óڴ˿֯ҵڲɣм󡣽ͨռŮ켸˲ɣҶϡ
ʹֳֵʮ֥顣ֵɣڼеĸҵ˼ĸơĲȫԵͼۡڳĵطҪռݵ׵ֲء
ﶼдһϰȻһ
եʦûȥڷΣĿӣ֥ͳͳ˴ֽĿʼ
񣬶ɼȴѾкΣʾԼҪˡ
Σ
ǣ۲칤յģôſһǾҪأ
ΣֻһͣҴҵİڵĶ˸顣
һξʶˣʦõǼ͵ѹեȷ飬Ȼųɱ״Ǿ߻İľШʼײͳˡ
ʵ֤ե͹գλǲģեͷϡ
ɣեǺۣҪô๦򡱡
ڳ֥ɺһҪǮĶв۵ģ
ǡЦЦ̽ɣեͷͿһˣ
ӲڼңСӽȥˡ
ͷեͷڴ֮ĹձضΪ˹һײ֥ե͡
ĸŶˡ
ԼΨһľǾܵե͵ЧԼԭϵĳʡ
ǰߣ˹ե͸Ϊˮեͣڳʣײʱ򣬳ʾͿԻһ̶ȵߡ
ɲɣθսʱ齵վӱϡҴ壬ӡ
ʵϣʽեͷδûˮǵӳиҵ˼ˣͼˮζŴǮ֧եͷðķա
ξͲһˡ
һη塣
Ҫľǵһ
ؽˮľ
θŶһ·ط·һ̲ͣĴ̽磬߻򼸸ûľ
ľɻ֪үүľ𣿡
ãȻӣɽ͵Ŷ׵ĸס
һ㶡
ǰûиҵĻ׵游ҲܲשҲǮѧ
лιһ
ԭǴ㿿ؽԼһ۲ƺˮ֪ʶҳһˮե
鷳ǣûͼֽ»ľ
ڴ涨ˡְཱིƶȣǶȥʵԼٸɻֱڣٸǮ۵뾩˹Ǽԡ
һЩľѾãԼصպͶصƢͬʱæĲУδؿεӣԸ
ǼֱǸԼ˸Ǯ¶ļ׷ְ֣
ľְҵĶȽϹ㷺רְˮġҲ˵ڸˮһ飬˶֮⣬ʵҶһ֪⣬Ļɫ
һξ͸ԸȥСһЩľԹΪΪ
游ҵľĻôεʱҪͷˡ֪֪ףҶ游ζ˷ӣҲԼ֧˳ͣ˸
һǰ֧ǮƼˮѹե֮Ľ𣬶游ضӦġ
ľ⣬γһ
եԭϡ͹ȵ⡣Щɾ׶ˡͨեͷضԼԭǾһ굽ͷֻũǸӹ
βǵ⣬ˮե͵ؾȥ
෴ģͲñصեͷԼ룬ӶҴۼΪһͷأžۼЧӦͳɱܹЭҵȫأٺòˡ
лҪ˵һر١гֵݺܶԼƲġ
˵ͼ⣬ֻҵĩͼۣݵͼ7080һдʱˡ
⣬֥ĳǡ칤мصģһʯʮʴ33.3%ҡǿǵ⼫пǴͷˮƽдʱͼˡ
֮⣬֥ĶŴһȵȣ̫٣ȫԼƲģݿܻʧĵط©ָ֮


57 
ʮ·ũæʱ䣬ҴӴСϡˣ˺ˤ˰ͳͳæգҸүʱ䣬ûΡ
ҲʶȤѹûȥ
κæżϻԶֹũǡ
＾һ罥𣬺ļѼˣǵԭһԳԵһڲһ٣СǳԲˣλżϻ
ۿżС޲ðѼѼȥ˯֤Ѽºͽʳ
ûֹʱļѼȫСӣҲ˵ǳֳѼľ顣
žĶγҪ游֧ˮ֮⣬ҪһСѼӣΪʵܲڶʵķ̺¶ȡ
˶ֳ֮ʳԵġ
ũæʱںܿ͹ȥˣһһ䡣
󲿷˶ʼèδŰ˸Ҳ
ǡαǣ
˸ѧճϰѧȫѧ
εĻ˵Ҳţѧϰѽ
ѧϰϾͷССѼηι൰ûв¶ȼƣҲûа취׼ȷĲ˵¶ȣֻܹп˶¶ȵָУҸ¶Աȡ
Ϊȷ˵¶ȣ͸տһĴһոѵݣǾ봲ĴԶĵط¶͡
кõնԱʵ飬ṩʪȡյȵȡ
һһĹ۲죬ԱȡΪ˸¶ȣһ¡ٶʮֻСӡ

ܵúܼˣ
޿κΣͷʾԼ֪ˡ
ʮֻС̹ƿҪһˣǹҪҪǮЩרҵ̵˿תһ˼Ϊطζεġ
ҸϵǮڸˮ֧ճ֮󣬻ԤͷʼʽʵʣĲˡ
ЩǴȴǶ
޿κΣֻԼɡ
ڶʵ飬ĳɹˣҪǣڸ˼¶ȼƣڿ¶ˡ
Ͼ¶ȼƵԭǼ򵥵ġ
ůǸ¶ȼƣƤңиҵˣӣܷסװϾƾǸ򵥵¶ȼˡ
ʹ㡣֪Ĳݶ࣬͸õĹ벣ƵпյĹӡ
ʰ쵣ȥ߰㡣
Ϊ˱ڹ۲죬ηҺ岻Ǹߴȵľƾɰ֮ĺƾʵϣû豸Ҳûطߴƾȥƾʵܹ򵽵ҵľˡ
¶ȼҪ͸ƿĺƾ۾ۣ󡣼ֱǸߡ
ܱûǿ
һ죬ڸ㶨¶ȡʪȡաʱȵȡô˸ΣٷʿԴﵽٷ֮ʮˡ
ʣµģֻܹĽˡ
ʣβ͵ʱһϢˡ
游ˮҵ˳Ρ
һľʵģͣȽˮˮ̡ľ׮ˮΪϵĴ̺ľ׮һե͹ѹײͱˮˡ
Ǹľģͣһһ˿ҷɣϾʵҺʵʩֳűʵġһģͱʵ豸֮пַܳŴЧӦʵҳɹ޷ʵת
лɡιһ񣬡ʣµǮ
νβݸ˶游
游ûнӣΪѵʱ˵õҪˮʵʽ˭ϵһϡϾҪˡ
εȻ׶游δ֮⡣ʱڣ¶ҪæŲ֣ûȥˮ
游ԾΥ˺ԼβǮ־ôǮǲˡ
ɲضǣǮ͵лһҴҵİ֮
ҪΪڶҴжһңιҪС̶һҵõˡϣܹѶҴ徭ӪһأȻҪùϵ
游ԼĪԼҲͦεģǮ˵С϶ҲʶˣҪȥǶ
֮ǰΪʲôû˵ȻΪθǮܶࡣ
κ⡣һԭ֮飬¶͸Ͷʵ龭һնʮδع游յڶǮ֮ǰ˻ģͣѾ൱ˣǮ͵оԱˡ
һнĺϰ壡
θп꣬˶ţȥ˶游Ƽѡ
֪֮󡣶붡游
游ΪҪôǮ
׹Ȼе黫Դ£´ȥ֮ҶҪ˵Ĳ壬Ҫ˵Ӻʦ㿼ܷӵģһõһ̶ȣӰ쵽;ġ
游Ĭֻ̾װϿҪǮֵȢϱҪǮֵȥ̣ǻӵۡ
üٸ˰ǲˣ
Щ֧Ǯʵǲģܸ游һӣ򲻵ѣԸְԼƤ顣
游ͷ֮ǰȥʳʱ򣬹ٸܼˡ
˲ϵĲУʣ˵Ҫ˰ˡ
ǰ
ɷŭ˴뱲ӣʱҲȥﴳģԾԼܳһݼҵڴҲǸԭӹûԣɸ˰һһأۿžͻȥˡ
װ
ۿһ죬ǣ游
֮ƴҪˣΪɴũʿĽ׼ת䣬ʵʵĵطھµ˰
˾ˣ˫գܹúõĻȥ
游ҪҪ͵ʳ
游̾˿Ҫˣ
ɶ˵ֽ϶˵ɶ̣Ѳֻܿɶ˰һμ˰ӵľɶ˰
游ĬţôҪǽ궼ûˣˡǮϿ
߶죬Ǳ˳ҵ˶游ƼĽ˳ɣԷӦְҵ游ũ빤ȫûдֵ
ɿǸСģͣӦһ֮ھܳ
һҪֳѼһҪͷˮߣæŲմء
ԭΪڿԴˣκγɵĳٶ൱죬ѡ˵ַʼ޽Сͷ
ε豸ǮӿڴﻩߣҪпƾٸļ׺ĹѪ׬Ǯţ군ˡ
һ豸һ滹ȥרҵֲ֥ũβȸͷԭϣƵ£±ϡֻÿÿһ㣬һͲˡ
ͬʱĲֹΣзϣ΢һļӶڵ֥顣
һȶӶһȦ
ڣȵ＾ʱεͷ˵һ͡Ϊ˴ƷƣͶΪ͡Ԣ˶Ҵ壬Ԣ͡Ҫǣ׶üǰ
Ϊ˴̻ҲûжʽûѡԼһרͣǸӻӵϰǩ˺Լ
ÿһ͡ӻӵϰǮǶ룬ӻȻǸ
ͬʱΪ˷ֹƻҵ鷢ٽ۴гδˡҵǰһλ˿һﶡͣǰһλ˿ʹۡʱ죬ڲ򡣡
ѵѸڽؿ
֮󣬶ͶۻָˮƽͬʱͷԴԴϵ͡
ŴˮܹʮСʱҹͣǿĲεĶһѸꡣͼ۲ߣϸˮ֮£ȶ棬˸ֺ졣
ڻûǮ⡣
³˫ϴһֱڸĽѼֳֺڣԹ˵ĶȻڻˡ
ͬʱڱ±ʪĵˡζںɵµһ⣬εҲ˳ľ顣
ֳҵڿԻȫ֣ȫˡ
εļƻֳѼΪṩ⵰һֳ˹ģܹ֮ǵ⵰⣬ǵȵ˶֮޷⿿ġ
ԶԶλһ⡪ûʳ
Ӧ˵ûʳĿǰΪֹԵʳȫģΪûءαҪͷ׬ǮĿġ
Ҫ׬ǮأΪܹԼʳԼأλܹԼֲ֥ԭϣˮֹ֡
ʱѼֳءͷʳؾ͹һС͵ܹԸĻأ׬ǮԼʣܹ֡
Ǯеءˣʹˣһһƴɱʱ
ιһŬӪôãڿһ⡣


58 
ǰŲžԼ⣬־ԼǺȾûԻףڼ⡣
Ϊµˡ
ˡ
ʮͬʵѾǷˣܹˣԭӾͲãÿ챼µԭΪһˮض۵ȥ
ǳϣӦǳﱻֲ࣬ڵһˮʱβûиеҵʹУֻһ͵ʹһܷΧڡ
ڿˮܹоԼߴʹ
鷳Ĳʹ࣬Ƿ֮һϵк
û֮ǰװкֻҪ̣һ¶ֲСһҪװӾ͵ùء
ڹؼֱ˸ɵĻ
һٵȽαװӾͼ¶ˡ
ҪҪװӾ͵һװסƫƫŮݲأˣһ˽ҷԱضһصĴ
ʱ񶾵ĳʮ˱֮⣬Է績ˡ績ҲһǼΪ˵Դǡ
Ůһ±ҷ⼫пڲѣҰĵתڦҡСʱнҿ¡
Ȼηҿ֮󶡼ҴĿ⡣һ͵óеƦåŵĺ
ϾһҳĸС֮⣬ȫŮӣȫǸ˵ݳţټжɵİûбϡ
һŮݣλԶһҵԶڶΪڶ׶ԣһŮΪʦֱ֮ͨĳ績Ҳһ붡˽顣
⻹Ӱ쵽ܸ
˼ȥջǾСΧֻİ˼ɡ
θոտʼϿΣһ̬ĳٵ˼ӡ
ܺãԡڽ߽ġһ߽ϵİ˶ʱĿɿڴ
ȡΪΡΪΣ
˶µģ֪ԼȻпڳë
ɻôȻβȹˣ
ǶѵҲҪ꽲ҲͿ֬Ĩۣ״
οءʮˣӵ|õģΪ೤ճշҵ
ұŮӰ
赭дһ仰Чըס
ι߳ǶӵģӵĶӡŮӾסһסԺһϴԼɵģֻҪ˷ضӴ硣
ڶˣǾȻûһʶǸŮӡ
㱵ĲأʣҲɫ͡
꼶кһиԽģѾʮˡ
Ŵԭ죬ӻĵĺӸ졣ڶͬѧ۹ΪҪǶʶ֡
̻Ƕʶֺ˼ңʼʱĵȥĴ˽͵Щӽ̵Ķ̵ȫһ
Խģ̵ȫʵõѧʣ̸ӹŵĶζŲҪŪū¥ݻǸŴ󻧵
ԴǺһͷ֮󣬸ԽʶƺڸԼ֡
ֳܼҵܹṩ⵰˳ȥá
ҽڴ˺˳¸ͽܡصһֱŴͷ顣
ʵԾԼعãҲ磬ءܸо뽫ͷĹȨһˡ
ʶѧʼһֱؽϾʼȹΣڻñȰˮƽ
ξβȹʩӣѸʶνҿµĿġ
Ҫڡ
Ůҵҵʦ£Ҳ
ԽͷһݣؾȻһ
ƨ
Խŭһ䣬ϣǼд⡱
ʣµĸӣĵƽͳ»۱࣬ͷиʦ㶥ţԱȱ˸áͷ»װʲôо
¸ȫûֵԲ󸻹󣬷ݡҽҩ˵ֻǵ˵ͷʾͬ
һѦԶֱȳ¸󻹹Ƨͷ㣬վɷſ˼·ڤ롣ΣعˣĵͷʾΡġ
Σ
εĿתˡϺͷ
˻أһֱԼͻƾѧʶֶ顣Ϊˣֲ̿һԼʥ飬һ־ÿֻôһܳԱůʵ̫Բˡ
Ҫ˵жΪ羴һǰ뱲ӵ룬θͶӰȵܸŷѧҽҲա
ʶκͷΪ𾴡
ֵµļѼֳҲԼһżաżջһġ
룬ǲŮӺҲûʲô̫ĹϵȻѧϿˣ̸Ҳûʲôԡ
ӲȷܽǸŮӡ
ΨһһڶûعǷ˳ɫͣȫ֪ʲô
һ㶵ӣ֪ԷҪʱ¡
أѿҵȥϵҵȥϿΡ
ѧԻعˡ
Ѿദֱ࣬ν࣬һͬġΪ߹ģǵĽ̶ܳԶеĺõöࡣ
γһҲ֪鷳Ǹû
ΪҪ췽ͨ˭֪ˡ
ε˱ˮһۿģ֪Ӧǿ޹ˡ
̾Ůһ´˷£ǲ֪ʲôˡ
Ѿƽ飬ΪܹҪڽսԼݣ
ֻһЩҵĸԭ򡱡
뱻ȥʣװǷΪװ¸㣿
ĺҪֱĶΡ
ǲǰԼǸŮҪװ
̾˿Ѿ׷ʹԴضԼԹԱĿԲŻĹڻ
޾Ϳްɣ
һ˲ˡޣһСӵĿ޷һ
߿ޱ߶
˵ԼĸǸ򣬿Σ׶Ͻеطѧҽּã͵ѧѧࡣ
׷ַ͵ѧ֮һ֮½ıʼӽȼյĲպĲҲպ˷۾
ŭŮ׼֮˵ˡôǸӡҷҽˡĻ
ʶײϽҽΪΪҽвŮ
һյƽϴ
ʹǣɥĸ׽󣬴籦Ů鼫Ϊ񡣿ĸ鷴Ӿ˷ʹࡣ
һصı˳¸ͽȴûнڸƽ
ҶԲססԼĲТȴ޷ͻããҲ֪ô죿
ǲǲǸŮӣ
κһ֣˵㸸׶ԣŮҪ
ҶԣŮҪҪѧʶˣҪˣҪмյˡЩÿһ˶Լı»ţпԼԱš
ؽҧ˵⻰кã
߷ߵˣһ˻뷨кã
κƽӦ£ԸȫڽΣֻ˵Ҿ
۾⣬֪пڸԽѡһͷ¡ѡ˭
һ޵Σ·˵ˡء֣㼴ܴʹлýѡ
εӳڷͫãε
ṩһʳסУṩһܽĻᣬṩһľλĻᡣʣµģֻܿԼ
˵Լ
֮󣬷һĻǻһ㱡Ǿ仰ȥ޸飬Ƕڷ֮ϵ񣬸߸ߵĿա
в
ƫռ


59 
ûлָŮװ࣬ȻװҲ̫ҪˣҲ޹صҪ
ճ˽顢д塢ӲҸڵͷ
ѾǶ³壬ͷԴԴϵӯܹءһȦŷܹ򵽵ȫءֵأ߰Ķ֡
ܱûǿ˵
ͬʱѾǵˡһɨäܹӦɹ
ǵΪһѧʼˡ
οǹҪҪֱ򣬿ɵ֪һҪӵʱˡһԭһԤҪʮҡ
ξͷһ˱ҪǮĵط

˼ȥΰȥԺ
ԺǴ֮ĹٷԺԺκδ˥ܣԺˡ
ǵطǸԺ൱ֶΪ˲һԺ̫ͨ󣬶ݵҲ١
ҪҵǡǡĹٷԺٷ겦ĿҲ˼˼ʱʱǷǮԺԭǧĶͱҴռռϲĺϲ
ЩԺķ˴ˡŮӵ֮ءǰ֡ٻԺ˯
ԺķʵѾưˡ´꣬Сꣻͷδ磬С硣
Ժʮ壬ÿӻǼӾйߡκԱʱղʣ쳤վ֮¸С
еĸӽãʱӣԱõһǮеרųаϴҹȻƣ˳ɡеרˡС֡
Ժݱ˰ס޵ĴͶг
ΣЩڸں֮£ϾͶԺӣɵģҲ̫֡ҲԼͬ⣬ӶǰȥŴ󻧵澣ȥ¾ĵط
֮ѡԺȻΪûǮЩԱǳɡҪ֪ԱĺڵĺܣùǮҪһߡ
ˡվԺĵһڣͣûǮȻʵԶԶõö࣬Ǿô˵ġ
ԱġûǮǾûгɣܲõ˰ѳԽķ³һɡ
ʹһ˿̵סһˡӡŮȻĶ
˭
Աͷڣݾݵĸͷ伫Ϊ׶ֵŸۣȥͲ̫ǡ
ǹ˵ģˡκٺٵЦЦ˳ֵʮͭͷ
ͷǼͨšһ
ŮʵҪȥʲôģ
㣬ո˵أҼֵء
Сɾ㿴ҳ𣿡
νջǹأڹؼֱ۵
ѹʹ̧࣬һԷĵվǸݱС̫̫ͦΪѵģ֮ǰ;һеǺӣ˵׳궼Ҫ
Сý˵׳۶ͣѸһ׳껹ԺпǺóһġҪˣֲҪڡ
СŵĻ˵µˣιѼĻܸɡ
˼ҿʲô𣿡
̫̫ή˵ֲ꣬겻⣬СɾΪˡ
κݲ̣ȴ֪Լޡһλ̫̫ΧƱطӵϡ
СɾҪϲģŮܸ꣬ɺܶˡ̫̫пΡ
ʶλػƼŮ
ԣҼӶʮµĺӡ
˻һԭΪΧ˻ᶼӿ
ȻʵϣﶼΡ
ɨһȦŷ֣󲿷ֺǾ裬еѾˡ
οЦãӶʮµĺԲΪټϰ̫ãȻΪǸƭӡ
СɾʮµĺôҵȺôҲɹٸģƭˣȥ
ͷڣ۸׶
ЦŽͣҪĲͨũҾ͸ȥ׳ҪѰ
Ҫյģ
εͷһЩڿоġ
ϣֵܹģȻҪоġ
֮⣬кҲǰ׻Ǯġ
ҵӴҼ֪֪׵ˣͷһ˷ֲֹ֪סԼ̽ҽϴҪ̣ǶҪֵġ
ͷˣҪҪ⣬ҵͦ󣬼ӦмӰ
ε̾˿ʾ⻢ͷչȻͨž͵
ͷ֣˵ҳ󲻿ҿͷԸ⻤ҲǸĺӡ
δ˸ʺƨ̨ǸոշּҳӰ
˻ͷһ㶮á
ͷ붮ӱֳһǮֵļҵ׼ȫӻ
Ҫңͼǿȴֿû֣ǮֻԺˡ
ӷǮأϵǮ𣿡
ιһ񣬡лΪҿǣֻΣҶԼ֡ɲҪź˵澣ҪһЩ汾µġ
οЦ汾µ˶󣬻򼸸ӻȥԼһٽһ̡ʶ֣ˣ֪Ҳ֪ƷУٺòˡ
ͷɫǺ죬ֵʶ֣
ǰȻҵԣҲǶġʶڲѡ
ͷòУֱ㶵ϷвУ
˼һΪѵͷ֣ҲԸ㣬ֻǼŮ࣬æ
ɣͷֵҲؽǮǲҵĵڡ

ֱ콵ˣ
ӳиҵλӣһʮͭ塣ǳλӣÿ㹤ֲȶûҸʶ֣ǾǴ˽ӣһ궼ҪӡͷôǮ
лʶ֣ǽҸ˷ĹҲùÿôĵš
ͷϴһ
ΧСӶʱӵϣšҲȥ
뻢ͷദãεŻͷ
üŽ˵һӾͱôˣпʧˡµʵ̫ˡ
ûȥڶӣֱڵһﳬе˶ʮӡЩˣȴЩӡءԽȷѯʹЩ֮޳ЩóƷвеˡ
ʣµ˶ѻʧصˣһũĺ֡ǸС̫̫Ȼ޷ũȴһֱӵա
κȫũõģȥŻ䵽Ժ
һιе˶ʮӣˡ
ҪǣȶԴֻҪͷλһ죬ԴԴϵĺӡˡŮӿա
鷳ǣεԶԶסʮŸˡЩʱֻԺõϲסҴķӡ
Ѿᳵ·Ͼһζ游æӵʱμΧọ̈̄һľ顣
һΣ¶¶ҴβǸطɽʮĶءȫɽµȵأ޷ʳԼ۸һˡ
ټ֮ǰһЩϵϵĻ֮һա
Ϊ޽һСׯ԰ȫܶԱ˸˱ֳڡ顣ָڣշġȵġɵȻ졣
ӹü죬ԼĪζ˵ݻЧټԸǮһ׬ڴȻ˴ζЩǰæ
ͷӶ˺üҴڶͷ͹ԣ˸ĽաЧʵĺ÷ӣµƷ֣ͳͳǮĽ
ͬʱΪ˻ݼԸÿԳɱҴһﶡ͡Ը͵ģʮ֥ڲռӹѡ
ǰĴǸɻΪ˶æûͷȴʼԼţڲܹŮװʾ֮ǰĲٹˡ
ˣ

µʱգ۾͹ȥˣڽˡڽһׯ԰а˼ũ߷˯ķжʮ
վڴ߷֮ǰҪӯ
ˣӵ˰˼߷
ⶼ޴Ľɽ
ҪǣΧǽˡοԿʼһЩľѵÿֻܲˣÿĵ·ſ̽ͷһ
θɴ˸Ǩ磬˶ҴĴǣЩǰæĴ񡣺ò״˱͡˼ʰ˰죬۵òС
δ͵ƣմϴ齣Ŀ룬ʶƮƮ졣
ߵߵ

һ飬ǰ˵ĻǱض˵λŵģ·ûƵġ
˭
δ·һߣһסͷ
һƣذסͷСɺòأܹ䲻⹥䲻
˼ͷһһȥ
ҡ
һԻ˭
ƣ㡣
ʵɫλֻκһμ滹ȥĶϺõʱʱ̫һʱ֮û
һ˷š
Ȼ֮󼴿һԶʾӡ
ξͺҪӣĲҪ
ûϵЦݡ
ʮִݹ٣롱
ε飬ҡҡͷʾԼεķ䡣
ƨԣҷ䣡
﷭˸ۣʾ㡸ߣ㡽ݵá˱ˮ
һǸЦש߷ˣôֻһˮдң
˶͵ģͷôǮλôȫΪҪծ
ڿͷĸѣծѾˡ
ˣͣˣҸоˡ
΢Цʮҹǰˮˮǰպõģʮֽͽ͡
Ҳծˣµˣ
ܰծҲǺ鰡
ҹǰȴʣѾƶϳûʲô¡ôΨһйϵľĻԼˡ
㡹֪Ҫɻˡ
ʮˣٹТӡ
һ㱣ʮǡԭĸ׺ԭļաÿζңһı⡣
ǲˣ
ԭգεա
лʮ֡ȻǹũȻл㡵⡣
򿪿
νӹ㡵ݹĺӣһһ֧ˮͷõ
лʮ֡
Σ㡵⣬βԸƾܡȥ
۴Ц⣬ʾΣһ㡱
δ˺ӵһ㡣Ϸһ塣
ЦʮôȻ֮һö壿
˵͸ôΪʲôҪ壿
㡿ƻ֮£ӴΣЦ޹ʣȥ񡣴ϰɣ
㡶ԣζΪ񡣻˵㡼һʵģεΡ
ֿ̹ηѣ̤̤ʵʵĸ꣬ߵ˽졣
һֱڹ۲Σͼס֮ͬ⣬˵ûкġκοſţȻԼǰˡ˸Ըº͵Ц֮˭Ҳϡ
ôõʱ㡣ʵŮҲĺܺãǿӡ
ǿ֮⣬ԳȣƽͣѧʶһЩŵ
һ㣬оԼˡǮΣ׬˵Ϣ֮⣬ҪԼȥ
㡵͵͵̾˿Ҫˡ


60 
˿ˮɤӣʱܸ
Ҫɻ飬ܲڶҴްɡ
룬ٹ죬Ұ齻һ¡
š㡿ֹΣЦԥԥʲôʵģ
ܸ̽ף
էŴԣЩ졣ܸ˵
ŶҲ
뵽Լ˵Ŀġ
ǰʱЩƣΪǶ̫ûŵԵʡ
ΪˣŲμ˾ٰѩ磬ֶŴѩȥԡ
ʱ鿪һž˵ʱֽоȻҸȼˣһȥˡ
㡰˼⣬һһųԭ򡣼Ȼϱƣôûпǡ
ˣ
ͷһݣѲϱΪΣǱ⣿
ϰ䣬ǿ彡ʲôܹǱôã
ˮصˣ֢״̡겻
ǽõĴˡλ㡻ɻ󡣺ö˶һɫ࣬ΪʲôؼأһǿѪ档û֢򻹸㡣ôġ
չ˰㡽ӹҩһȻ֪ҩרƸ˼ҵĸ󲡡
㡺Ȼ뵽ڳض˵ҩרθû²㻨ǮģǮ׬ġ
˼˴кһЦ⡣
ܿģЦһ룬һ
㡺ȻӦֽеԴͷʼǴӴѩʼġ
ү̫ӣ¡¿ʼµѩѩ֡ƫƫȥҴ·ϣȫǻءɽϵĻѩһڻ֮ɽ廬£ɽʯȥҴĵ·
ѾûнӵεϢˡ
˼˴΢Цͱ˴򣬹һ˽鷿
鷿žһţ˼
ԭεݾһʱը|ҶԷ֪ԼһӵܡζҪεж켣
ԴڴͬοʼգûûзɹεĹ۲졭˵ӡ
ڣʶ̬ʧˡ
˵Դʧȥ˶εƿءôΪʲô֮·ͨˣõεϢ
ɽ˿δ
ɫѾΪʲôγТ֮ӦҪ㡳ɻˣɰųТڵʱԽԽȴ˿ûзܸͼ
ͷһݣȻʶԼԶθ׮¡
ԼпеĶʱ㡻һãȻ鷿һ죬ͼΪʲô
ȣγͬʱŶεĺ棬һֱڹעͼҿεܡ
ţ˫෢˶Էܣڻ˼Աæûй㡡
֪֮ԲٵܵܣΪ˫֪ԷҪٵܵܣټ򵥲ˡ
ĽԱֻΪ˱ԼŶԷԼϵ˵ˣǲǼӣԼϢתվ໥תż
죬˼
ǴˣһкϵںûѣڶԷûȶ֮ǰ˭Ըȱ¶ܡֱͬھĽ֡
̹̹ȥ˿ûͼ㡵ͼ
֪βǲΪû֣ĵһֲŸոֲ㡡
ͬʱαض֪Ҵ㡵ˣΪ˽εͬʱҲ˽㡡
֪ϱλ˳º꣬ϲ⣬˼ԶԼĶࡣ
֪һ
ͬʱļоġ㡳ܹ֪νȥĶ֪ġ
ĬļӡΪĳ˵ǼҲǱ
ıӻȡ˳ıеñʧһҲѹ෴ģ˵㡵֮ʱǰȫġ
һû˾ҪڽܣʲôƦå
㡼Σһ㡲µЮ㡱һ£֪ҲҰܱȥ
㡲Ҷģֻܱвȡ
Ĭάּ뱣Ĺϵֱڡ
㡲ŷ֣ʵÿյεϢһֱڴġ
ֻܹ֪ȥĶȴ֪ȥʲôͨεж·²ͼڼƻݳεƢ˵ʲôĻ
㡶ԣһȤ顣
һ޴ĽϷִ˲ƣµʱЩϢͼ˿ƶϳȫļƻ
ոһա긴һꡣ
뵽Ÿо̬Խ⡣
鷿ϸֳһָӵɫ˭۲ע⣬ͼ⹹ƶһ꣬ݵġ
Ҫǣһ˸ǿˡֿҡ޾η
ûз¹֮ǰķ˶֮㡶ڻͨż໥Լ뷨һЩ顣
һδżϢ˶Էཨ飬໥֣
ش
죬һʶԼеĶе㣬Ǻܶ࣬ͺܷꡣ
ƿǿˣϲľ̬ƿءִûгԹҲûоѭĶ
óֽʣͼεȱ㣬˵Լ

ǻûг
ոд֣㡾̲ס⡣üΪʲôҪα⣿
ͼȱ㡣
һͺ޲öڱ
Ը¶ǳͷ

һͨȴԼᣬԱ⣬ܻԽԽŵ㡣
ͣͼ侲һ¡
Σû侲ˡ
˵ѾĶ˵Ļôأ
һ뵽Էûи棬żκԼйص飬ԶֻЩ¹ĽƲסķ
ķТڵʱһƽȻ޷Ӧ㡷Լͨˡڡ顱֣ôأ
β֣ϱɷ򡭡±ʣ۽üҶ⣬ϲˡ
ˣٻһΣϱӵҲɢˣɷֲɷˡ
º͵ЦոϵıʷŻ˱ʼϡ
ΣĿܡ
Ҳ֣δرõȥȶģռȻء
ȻѾģ⡣
ɲܹҡʣµ£òζġ
ʮ֣ʮ֣
ν㡺ü͵ػع
üôֵֹġ
ƽ˵˵ʱƽӣǴûôһֱο
ɽôһСʱһֱڿ
δԼ죬û࣬ҲͦԵѽ
ˣμ㡡ˮкȫЦ⣬ȥֱרע顣
ˣ
ɻʵʮֽڿиеԶģ壿
һޡ
ŶŶκѣʮַ֢״úúñ۾
лѡ
ϲд˶ŮӣҪӣԷߺΪʲôβá
ʮ֣㷽Żûشҵ⡱
Ŷһ˼ϵķӵûãһشǰȢԪĸѾӦˡ
һ
ԭŮʮͼˡΪЧӦͻ䣬Ůʮ˻û顣
ڽϵشʮû˲֣Щ۰Ů˼һꡣܸ񡢿ơŮһҲ֡
Ǹʮ껹Ǹꡣʵ䡣Ӧֻʮҡ
ΪʲôҪɻ飬ǵȻΪʱûʶͻ䡣ҲûбҪĳɻʱ䡣ԭΨһþΪŮ顣
ŮϷһϣοǷˡ
ΪĸӦ
ֺܺ棬س֮Ůʵۺѡ˽飬ʵ۲ʳѰ
㡳㿴һھɫӣܵʵ۵𣿡
ҶԷصǰƣȻıų˺ѡ֮⡣ȥȫһ
һ㶣ŷԼϾǸӵܡ
ǰ´һ游һˡ
ξ֮£ʵ游ǿǵҪ޸ӣ
㡵ͷ
и㲻ǿĻλߣѡ˶첻ˡʱŮ޸Ǿڱ̬ܸͻʵ۵顣ʵȻĴá
һü֪ڵʲô
ģ˵ϷһʣԪﵱʱͽŵͷӦˡ
γһжı㣬۾ݱ䣬ǱԸģûбǿȡ


61 
ͱ㡣ڶͿʼҴˡ
λٿ˻飬Ҽˡ
һôϢըð㵲ѡ
Ҫ޸˭
̽żʵ޸˭ⲻǺҪҪǣ֮󡭡
֪ĵȻ֮ٹϵ̯顣
ᣬʹǼ֮ҶᶨҴ壬λصġ
˿ţһѾʶεĿġ
μսټڴ˵أΪ֮⡱
ĿǰΪֹҽɷܣ¸Эӣֳɳܡ⣬ҴһƣרΪоɼҾѦԶ
ѦԶһԼ֣һ¡Ӧ֮ͷϵĴëһ顣ǷӦٶۣһЩϱȽϺ󲿷־ѧϰоϡ
൱Ѧ㽳ƣΪѦԶ൱ĸ߳ʵĶνڵĶȤ
ȻҲֳ֪ѧδظúùʵûˡֻȰθ߸ˡ
˺󽳿ÿչһĿҪдⱨ棬оѼƻȽˡ
ѦԶͷϵĴëۿɼ
֮ҪôɣΪʼ¹ءǽϻдĿʽ𣬼ʹƶд©ܱ֮ûƶǿ
λһȦʵϵ°ţλ飿
ҡҡͷͬʦó»ۿʵʣµأ
һ½жʮˡСŮˣɷֹɱȽϸӡ»ۡƽءԽ˵Ҵѡ˳רŹһ
˵֮ǰĸΪԼڣôص˾ҽȿĿûʲôسģ˼ʽϸΪ
Լ
룬ҡҡͷǱȽͷ¡С̫ʹˣ
ԽҲθƽͳ»ۣҲҡҡͷʾܾ
νĿͶעƽͳ»ϡ
»룬˵ͷѾӽʮˣ˵ƽɵɵ棬Ҳ֪һѵĻᡣ̫٣ͷϡ
ƽֱӵԸ⡱
֮ǰʶĸܸӣռ񡣼ȻϾҽ·ôȻҪǱ·ӡֳʺ˼ȥֻнһʺϡ
ƽҲ֪ԼӱȽϹŰ壬ֳĬԣѾһλˡ
ĿǰȱԷѦԶȻҪ䵱ҽƵʦͬʱҪѡʵӵܳǵ¡
ƽͳ»ҪĽߵĹεȵƽͳ»۵ͷ֮ŽĿתȥ
ȻҶϵ°Ŷû飬ô;ֻʣغ͸Խˡ
еţʶʿˮԽҲûõȥ֪ϾҪ˭ͷһְˡ
˾ĿƵĶΣȴ˵λӡ
غ͸Խһ㶣ͷ֮⻹ʲôְλ
һͷһְеĲͬλӲǹͷǿͷ
ص̽˵ǰЩͷ£
εͷΪĿء
ͷڳƷصõµƷҲڲ൱Сͷ൱̶ϵľͬ˶ҴԭͷĲԭ˵ԷʼҵۼһܸϾˡֻܽ½ȥ
Ҳغ͸Խ
ҴѱصСͷ룬ȡܹҴ巢չΪľۼء
ԽЩŤҵۼһСй¶ط𣿡
ο˸Խһۣ֪ԽǱ̨ʲʲôй¶ط¢ϡ
Ĺ۲죬ָԽԼǿȻ֪˵˼ھϺ֣Ϊͷķչƻ
νܵľͿʼν̸ǵӾѧ֪ʶͼͷ֮ټѹͷռ䣬Ӷ¢ϣԾȡ޶档
νֻͷˣȻиԽˣͷܹ¢ϱصࡣ
ʼնǵãͷĸĿĲ׬ǮΪͨõǮӺһЩϣܹͨƻΪŮṩҵλܹЩʧǹ΢һЩ
ףҪĲǾЧ棬Ч档
ʱնſԻȥϣһֱǵһŮլġƫƫмıӵĻʵ۰¸߰㣬λ֮ƽɽ
αҪһûƽµ׼´֮ñԼ
ʵֵµˣԾºʿ㻶գٿϡͷƬ
ԸԽ˼άʽһҪƫƫ޷ֱָԽҪͷǴġ
ֻȿţˡ
˸ԽԽҵۼζй¶ط෴ģһиûʲôطԡο۸ԽϿν̹ǣҵۼĺôЩ
á¡
ǵĲ޵ģ޷ռȫгν͵Ŵһ¸һҵˣģԽǵĳɱͻ͡
ԽǰһʱͶԴӶҴֹ꣬ʹǽܱߵĳҲۡ
ǵģϿν̵ǵĽֻ֪ʶʹżʵҲһȷҪѧ˼棬ҡ
νӽĽԽôû˵ʲôѧҡĻ
εͷǵһְλڶְλһǿضسɡ
ҲǣĿǰΪֹ׬ǮֻͷĿȫںǮֳڳĿǰģСʱֻܹӦԼˣ򵽵ȫ֣ҽֻзͳ¸ˣ׬Ǯҩĵģδ齨
κ˿ڲ裬˵֮⣬һжʮ󲿷ֶǺӣȫ̽ޡ
˵ְλҪǿµǮ·ӣ
εͷҽơơֳũơˣЩǲܹġȻˣǾ͵ÿسµ׬Ǯˡ
ְλһͷҵۼһǿرҵԼɡ
رҵ
ͬԶɸս顣
ȻˣǾץΰɣ
ץץΣ
Խİһ£û뵽θôɡ
ʵˣͷ𣿡
ĿƵΡͷΨһԴѡ¿ؽĲһ䣬Ѫ޹顣
ҡҡͷҼȻҰصǣ˿׼˴ͷ
ͼȴһȨϷţһ󶼲Էǲɵ˾
ͷĲҵۼʹɹҲ䵽ͷաʵڲһиѳšծֻ֮ˬѹҷԼɡ
۾Խץΰɡ
ԽͷĿƵĶݾ
һһΣ鵽̵ļΪͷ¡
˸ԶһδһԽͷ£ء²ҵ
̾˿ԼĪҲ⡣
üɫ裬ԽеɥҲѸٵ˹
أȻ˿²ҵְλôм㽨㡣
ȣҽ㲻ҪóȻδ֪һУͷ֮һֱ˶ţһóȻ룬пܱҵв˴
صͷΪѵн飿
ҸȽƳ֮󣬸ݽƸзĲѡĸҵ
㶣ε֮⡣
ĻȵƳ¶ǵõȵʲôʱȥ
ĿǰΪֹ޷漰ֱҵҸƵĽǸһЩϢϢصĶ
磬ˮǷİǵǣôйոĽأܹĽɹôһ־ǵ󡱡
ֱ磬Ҵ弸ҼһϣôڲɣҵϿܸĽ
ʹЩδܹ֣ڸĽлȡ֪ʶֵõġֻΪ֪ʶҲá
ȵڶ׬ǮĲҵˣ˸ʽҪƿʼзе߶Ⱦƾɴȵȣǰ漰Ĳ֪ʶһõġ
κǮǲ࣬͸ÿʼͶʻѧˡ
ѦԶ˼ӣμѦԶϲҾٵӣб뷨򱨸֮ȻʵСأҪЭѦԶɸƻȻٰһ׵·ӡ
һλһֵʽƣÿ˶쵽ָ֧λչʽ𡣵ܹµĲŷչʲôӾ͵ÿλԼˡ
ĿǰΪֹǵƶѾ޶ϣʹá˺ÿһƵƶо©֮Ҫɾ޲дͶ롮䡯֮ڣÿһǹͬ޶һΡ
κ֮ǰͿʼ䡱У䣬гߣһжΪ˷ֹȨԼ
Ŀǰһû칤ǾֻԼ
⣬Ķʮ˵ƱػбΪũƵȿĸˣǵļһġ
˵ͷȻ֪ھǣҪˡ
ס˶Ҵķӡһ䷿˯̡ͨ
Ϊ˷ֹԼ**ÿһ϶ҪǳԷʱһˡ䡱κ˶ԽͶУұʾԼÿ¾ͻһˣκμٽҷ̴ϴá
˶Ҵˣִ죬ϹԼӣŴڲôæˣŷܸ
꣬뿪ܸʱһˣ񣬻صܸʱҲһˡֻһΣ˵ĵˡ


62 
ĻԭͼΪƫƫľƾҪʱ䣬ټϱױȵȣһ궼סס
ʱڶҴ̸ʱֱӱʾϣԾ˼Ͼⳡڴ
̼ǵõʱ˵仰֮¶֮ɫΪԷǲҪȫȨٰ¡
ҲǣϾ˵£ȫӸ㡣Ȼ᲻ˡ
ϵÿһǮôʵڲԸ⻨ڻͼױϡ
ٿѵʮӳܸܲ㵽һ㻨ٵģŪ˵ӻ
㡣
ˣ㲻سǮƸȡһļױ
üʮ֣İɡΣƸҶᶯá
ܸҪݵؿ϶ԼķӡһڻĵķȻƽ̯
̾˿ǮǮǮôôȱǮأ
ΪԼе˻һķ㡻һ㣬˭֪һ䣬ʿյĿ
ƶҲǮˣ
ããȻ
ǲڵˣ
ڵҪ˳ëЦ˵˵ϾҲǽˡ
㡣
оˡ
ʮ֣һ´Ҫ೤ʱ䣿ܷ񾡿ɣ
ҡҡͷܼ㸸ĸ˫ЩʡԡҲҪ¡
εͷһܷΧ֮ڡ
ܴܸޣʶ޵ص㶨ܼڽڵıԺ
ܸϢһ£ڳɻǰ°˱Ժ
һգ죬
㡸ոճТһûлطãβܴھκδֻ
ʵ۵ġ䡷й涨ʲô˴ʲô·˽գѾû˷εСޡ˳ɻҴϼ;Ʒ
һ类˴Ӵ濪֮ȫ˵øͷͷ߳ʮ衣
һᵽβ
δ㶵ĿͭԼͭĥĺˡ̫æѾûкúÿԼˡͭӳϤںϾˣԽԽϱӵӡ
ѽôˣ
͵ػŮ½档
ԾӣɤŶƵġںϣܻȥ
α˷ţϵԹڡϴһ·˶ڻϲϲءĸͷֻܿüµ·ı˷ߣ˺ֻʣķƵء
οЦˣɸĸ㲻ڣһշתƮ㣬ǰ·ããδ֪س֮·ϣã
βǲ֪û˭߹ͿԻȥҲп˾鶼زȥпںϳ޷룬ȥȴַԼ类˻𻯡
ֿԺ﷭ӿ˵ǲġ
еʾɶǸ絶̳εԸģȻĻŶڼľͬҶ
ΣҪȥһԡ
ԼĪǽڸԣ͵ξȻʼ
̧Ľ﷢˻һɥٻѾõĻѹ֮ʰ鿪ʼӭӽյĻ
ŬҪؼҲͻ
㡴졣ӭǲܹԭ·صģŽСȦεʮ̧ױԼƸ
ɥȢϡ棬ʢĻǱȽټġ
ϲһ·ͭӣΧ۵һǮһҪǮ͡
㡵ƸױȫʵڻΪء
˸ͷʵϹǶӾǰ򹤽Ρ
һڸԣŮȢϱݳ޳ɷ磬˼ҺȥƷרŵĵרƷ⡣򹤽ξһ֡Ȼԣ˼ǲмģǸԸԼؽ졣
ⶥӾ㡵ն»Լ֮ʱͿʼġʱϣܹδ档
ɵȵʶԼεʱؽҪĸΪ¡
ϣЦӯӯ룬Ҫ֪ˣضҪ˵ôСǮǮȥøһ룡
㡼ֱãȻ𾪡յӡ
ʻΡ
㡵һξñΧʵҲϾ˶Ǽ֤֮Ǿʱദϲ
ദζϲܡ
ЦӯӯĻͷĽӣҪ͸ЩĻƽοΡ
ǲĿܡ
һ·֣ò׵ܸ㡰ݹأ˺Цżڷ뿴
ЦЦһεĺͷ
˾žǸѵˡαƵĿⶢţֻװӵĵĵͷЦӯӯĹɹٺø˵Щ黰
ͬνᷢһ֮㡻ȥ͡
κòװӵ˶ˣļǵжԹڣⶫѹۡ
ٺΪޣæְæ
γ˵㶫ӣȥϴԡ
ʲô
һȴλãϷҴӵ顱
˶ˣεʾúÿٺȥ֮һʱ棬˳ַ˷
ò̾ʦ񰡣
һ죬۵òУκγںѵǣøλֵԼδ滮ֻܹҹɵ㡻
ҹ˯Ĳˣ㡲ſŽ
ôû˯
һӾѣֻż㡾Ѭ죬ȥϴһ̸
㡵Ȼ֪Ҫ̸ʲôϴ괩һ£ͷɢĳէһۿЩӳԡ̬
ʶ˸ڡ
㡣
ȻҵȷǹģδҲ̫˰ɡ
üҪ̸ʲô
ТѹԺĹ滮
ȻβҪ벻٣붼֪ܼ游Ǿ㡸ڼҵġ
ҪʵٻţܹмƷɳҵŪŪ游
أʲô飿
һüɴ˳ԭڽ귢չǾÿļƻ
ĿΣú붼֪˵ٻ
Σһ壬֮ڣУκжҡҸϣ̹һЩļƻʲô
û˿Ƶ顣֪һɻ飬бضΪ㡣Ȼ鷳ǣ㡵жȴδش
ΪһŮ峣Ȩᡣ
ռ㡵ıˣĴ졣Ϊһ˵ݱδŮʹ
ԭļƻڽ귢չڽĴ䡢СǵȵȡȨأЩطȫεģصĵھүͬ˸ӵĵط
δū幹ԼҶڸūһ£û˻עµΡҵطԽӣξԽûˮ㡣
Ҫڽ귢չһſʼҾ͵÷ֿȷӦܸ𣿡
θоͷͺµľǸʲôϱϵܸӦŮˡ
ȥĶ
ҡҡͷʾԼδ
ʮ֣㷽Ż˵Ҫ̹ϣң
ǰĵˣôܳТ¶ûȥ
Цԭȥű򣬵ＫΪ࣬Ҿű߶ڱߣȴϷļƻ㣡
ο㡣˵úΪҸļƻƵġ
üͷܹŵĻô͵һ˱ܸ
ԭǴ꣬ſʼӪϷƵᡢݡԽȵطЩطھ뱱ֱңԶȫ볯͢߷Χ֮ڡ˳ĺǡڳٵŵء
ҪǣЩط򼫺ãֻҪкʵӣﵽһ춼⣬ЧĽʳ⡣ڽ꣬ﵹİƬûһĶεġ
ʱԽΪʼ㣬һ򷽱̽ζ򣬶񶼻㼯ҵڽԹε
Ȼˮ˵ϱߣﾫϸʳ
һһҲԱ֮ƽ£ĸݵϱߣҲδػע⵽
һеǰεóȥӪϱߵ񣬷򵥿ˣδطġ
ʮֿпǹŵȥʱ·ҷֿ
ҡҡͷֱʵǲȥϣ
εͷ֪뷨һҲ֡
󲿷ҴǰǨδԸȥϷ
ԭ޵ģЩʶͼ׳ǲûпǹȥϷ͵صġ
κһЩط临ӡϱݺУҪ͵ûѾ޴⹦ɶڡ
ǱƵû취ˣƵ岻ԭֻϱߡָĵطȥ
ܹõȥϱߣıˣ׼˼ȥϷ⡣
ȵȣΪҪ
ȻһҴڴ뿪ʱ;ȥϱߵ˼ΪλͻȻἰϱߡ
Ϊ´׼أ
Ҫô㡵ϱ´ңһ׼
Ҫô㡡в֮ġ


63 
ζ첻췴νڱǷһˣǾͺνˡϾıһߡɹ͵ҵҼ塣
λ̽̽ʮ֣ô뵽Ҫȥϱߣ
ȴȻ˸⣬ѾΪޣĳƺǲӦøĸģ
δ
ԼԼĵˣһǻʮְɣ߽֮
㡵˵ͷԴʧ˵֮ɡ
ʹִҪȥϷĻҿȥϷ
ϸϸĴһ㡣ȷûбƾסӡ
ԴЩ룬ȾƾȻˣ˵ԼҪȥŻεơ
ƾܣ֮ʵڲ룬ȫԴȥţȻֵ𡱡
Ρ㡺һ룬ҵȷ㡱
κ˿ڲ裬оԼϾҪˡ
㡵Ĵ㵱Ȼֿ֮ǡҪ췴
ûϵ飬Ͼ飬޳
֮ǾҺвǾһôôĸҡ
ЦŸ˲ˮ赭дһ仰Ҿͬࡱ
𡱣ܾҿûҪǸȻߣҲ߰
ηչĿǰΪֹֻԱˣûǹҪ췴˵ˣҪ췴͵öǣǵ޵У治ȥڻҷɡ
˵ˣƷһ½һȻżֱ֮Ʒ
Σҵ˼̫ϲ˵˵žմ˵ˮд֡
δ˴šʵۡȥоܱƾסӵ
㡲һĴ׽ʿҾΪʲô뷨
һҲûоҪı뷨֡ŴҪ췴ȻԼʵ۵˶ȥˡ
ǳһ⽨ר|ơ뼯Ȩﵽ˶㡾ȻСʵ´󺦡뷨Ǿͺˡ
֮Ϊλ룿
ΣֻҪǲôģ
ŵǲǾ󲿷ֶǻӹˣ
û˵պ˲ˮһһдϣʵɱᣬӲҪ˼ɷȣڳΪ´󺦣һΪȨ޷ԼΪͳϽȨڣаջΪʵĶӡ̺һ
δ˿дǰҪƻʵ۵ȨҪϵռҪпıûôġɹˣĲҲεġ
ΪҪءλȵ棬ʶ֮ʿھ󲿷ԣһµζ¹Ϸ棬ζǴӽȨײ㡣һһ·ӣֹݡ
д˿㡣ȴֻ۾ģĿƵĿһϲӡ
֮λһп
㡵ͷЦӯӯдο˵ͼһУֻ·ߣƻʵ۵ȨԼռƽĽ
ЦŻظҪʵ۲ǾȨڣͶ̥ͶĺǸλӣŲŻʵ۾͸塣ҪǲڽƳʵ˵̳뵱Ҿ֮ʿк죿
λһûдͼȫռҪһ
ҪƻȨͻǣһȫҪչͬʱռҪֹչʱ빤ҵʱʱ鷳¡
ҪôξԼͷ㷢̫ܲáֲǣͷδǰ
֮Ҿðɣ㻹ѡ췴ʵĿ졣ʱ˿ʵۣԼԼȨֱ
㡿һۣ֪ڿЦ
㡼дһλľǾٲ٣˵͵úȥˡ
ζĿЩʧܾᡣʷĲǧ֪ͨ
ҪǣǿиԤ᲻͸Ļҡ֪㡶ĿᶨжǿˣһҪƻȨ£Ǿ͵ڰ۲ӡڵ·
ɼƻȨĺǳˡçأڳǰʶʺϷ⽨ʱ˸Ļҡ
Ǻ޹İգ˴˺Ķ
Ǹ֮Ҫһ롱˵
㡵˵ͷ֪ôһҪ˼ʱ䡣
ްɡ

һ飬»ĴǰβһСӡκ㡸ռˣ˸Ǹıӣм仹ӡ
θոϴ⴫ߵߵ
ɻĿ㡣ʲô»ϰף
ɤӣҪҪˮģ
ŶŶεЦЦһֱûҪˮͷ˵ȲסˣŻѯʡ
ε´ƵİŪ߰㣬ﶪһﶪһǿα˶ֳ
ɡԸˮͳȥɡ
ڸڴ֮װԼ˯ˡ
ȻҪˮ뵽һ鷳⣬Ԫô죿
λ˼⣬ϷĹ¹ùôѾǽڣۼһ̯ңĵͷ
мδ޵Ůߺһ˿ֿŵĻˮ˸˳ȥ
㡵ȵŮ˸ɾԼı
֮ӦԪ
ȼյϲ֮£㡵ĶմЩ죬ɤӣ㿴ͷ桱
ƿͷһȻһ۵õԪ
ģ
𡪡ʶֹƿǿӡ
һ٣㡣֮㲻ǡһɣ
㡿ΡεĲС
ɻ֮ǰ˼»ķ򸾣һһԪ
ķֻҪһ뵽Ҫ絭ᡢװķԸȥԪ飬ͺЦ
Ц⣬֮˼ȫ˼ȫ
㡴ѾһΣʱ˿̿ν͵ЦݣȻЩϷŪ˼
ҲùҲù
յζߣ֪֪Ϊʲôոչ¹ùҪ
δЦ⣬ѵǽˮ
ˮ
һ
ضһֱ˵ڹ¹ùֻ˸OO@@˵ôҲûжʱһֱˮ¹ùȻҪŽ
ڡŵĿ㡣Цŵ˵ͷ
ȻȻɻ׵ʱ򷢳˵ģƾʲôҪ
۽üҶЦ⣬ѾԪˣܲʲôɣ
ζĿ㡣֪㡾ڱոյĳЦ
֮Ҿðɣոջڸ顭Ļ¡췴֣˵ҵģʱ㲻Ӧֺֺ𣿡
㡵ʵҿԼҲóɹʱøߡ
ɹʸߣѵ𣿡
㡽ҪεġЦ֮𡱣һӰǵ𣿡
ҪǷ㡵췴ƻȻýЩС¶Ӱ쵽Լľ顣
аɡ޻˵ɤӣʼbgm
Ĺ¹ù㡢ЦݣǿԻϷˡ
ΡŰҪżҪģһ
һû졣
ģξ͸ое㲻̫ԾΪʲôһֱڶ
ͣһ£תͷʾ㡱ۡ
ٿˣ
ֱεƬΣû֮һСʱƽˤζǿ
֮ѹ㡣ˣҴˣҲЦˡ
ֱ΢ˡ
ǿЦ⣬ʾĹ¹ùûûء
һʹȥֻüࡣ
㲻ǰɣ
ұգ
α۾
ӱȻɳܣá
α۾ޱزbgmĿΡΪۣ㡿Խ޼ɵ
ǰ˰
۽üҶЦ⣬üҪ
ܿ죬ͷֲԾˡ
ˣ¹ùߣغˡ
һۣ̽ͷ⿴ȷϹ¹ùõȷˣˡ
ˣ˯ɡɳɤ˵
εһֶ۵һ죬ͷոմͷ˯ñ˭㡣
㡰Լıקק
˯գģԺҲɱа˰٣һǧˡ


64 
ΣΡ
Ժ˺һ˹
¸ݼţλ𼱻ǵĴӴ֮֮𴲡
㡿οʱ硱
˶ϲ˷̣ոմ·ѱһͷŮ룬¹ùýʰ̵ĻõԪ˳˷䡣
κ㡴룬һͬǰȥݼš
òװ˵Ĵ̽ڱ˽ⷢӣһԺЦװɵ˹ȥ·ֻľƣ
öΪ˻ȡȨ֮£լʲô壿ԼմҪද
֮ȥ˵Ҫ˯˴ȴ˿ԽԽתͣͼ㡵ġ췴ҵ
а֪Ϣ̫٣㡵ˣԤƴ￪ʼϱǷз¼ЩϢͳͳ֪
죬һᵱУֻԸ㡲п֪Ľ̺ͼƻɲ֪ļƻθҼ룬֪㡻᲻;ͣɳʲôɵڳ׿Ρ
ʲôأ
˴ô۾˵Ǽ룬
㵱ȻһƨɾͿˣҪܸ֪Ҫʲôɡ
ڵ״̬Ҫô㡣һȥӪϵأҪô·Ϸֵ𣬵룬֪㡻᲻εǵġ
תͷ֮ȻҪҼ룬ܵøһ
㡴εģһһĻֻ˰ꡱ
һתͷεӣʲôʱ򣿡
һԼ״Ԫڿν֡
Ҳ˵㡵пֻܽǿôһ
εĵͻˡ
ԣȻԸˡ
ĿǰΪֹϵʱҲֻмˣȫɢڸׯϣƽũǷϮׯ
˶ׯϣ
üĺóأִ
Щ˸£Ǽ
Σ
֪㣡
Ҳ㣬ֻǲ̫ϰ߽ҵס
ĿǰӪũºͺóѾӪ൱Ĺģ𣿡
㡵ͷд֮⣬ûˡ
οųϿҵ㡣һʡ
һӣ
ﻮ˸֡
˶ˡ
ƣôǮ
¹ƹ͢һĸ˰ںó׬ʮ
ζ㡵۾֪Ǽ˶ͶںóΪξ׬ôࣿ˵
㡵ͷʾȷʵ롣
Ǿˣ鳯͢ȫغǳʣµģ
ֲýһϷǱ졣
ϲ׼ͣ׬Ǯȫڻصļҵٿ֯ó롣
ͨرǿӶ沢ټս¡֣͢ĿռʱżϦ
ÿһĩӦеġ񡱶һһӦ顣
γһܸ֮ܲҪô
Ļ֣ƻȨ
ȣڽһǽܼҡѧ֣游Ǿͬ·ġϵˡüд²ʧҪֻ
һȥϵأֻܹһԼ֣ҺóܸТʱˣҽܸĺسԼĺ¶飬ĿǰѾӯˣиʮ
οˣ㡽ǮΪ˽һʱ֮⣬ҲΪ˸߶ϢƵʱҵݴʱ㡼ȱǮŻᶨ˸߰Ϣ
л֮塱δӴվ˸
ΣԼûǮʱԸǮΣʵĸл˵Ϣߣ㡴Ӳ߱ǮŵһɻͲҪǮιⲻȥżҪǮϢġ
Ҳء㡵ȻʼǮΪƽծֻΪ˺ûöԷĸм۲࣬һʱŭдʲôɴ˸߶Ϣ
ٺѧڿΣӴ൱㣬ڽύ˲ŵĿģϵͼͶΣûλǮ
˭֪ǮͶͶŵǻرˣԼȴͶȥˣ
֪ˣͲΪΪԭдʲôԵʿһʱ֮¸˸ô߶Ϣ
ΨһĹϸǻԼһ룬Ǿʲôûˡ
ƽѵúһΡ
֮ԭǲǴϷΪչҵʱٽ游طһڳģ
˵Ȼ뵽һֿܣܹͨʵڸĶѹ¾ȨҲͲ췴ˡ
㡵ͷ벻֪ϱӸʲô
㶣ʱ̾ϱӾ͸ɹ¶
׷ʣǲϱ߹ڸȨѹƾȨ·ӣʧˡ
Ȼ̾һдʱʵ۵꣬ȨӺһʱڸȨ֮ʢѹ˻ʵۡ
Դ֮ΪʵΨһĵֿʽǲ
ϧˣֱ֮ǰûܹƻȨ
γˣʼʱڸǸӣݱս졣
ƱƸڸ󼫴ȨǿԴʵݸگ¼ⶨߵȵȡԷⲵʵ۵ĳ
һʵ۵ڸѸǿʵ۾ֻܳ䵱Ƥͼ£רŸʻȦԸ˾̫ఴһ˴ʱڸ԰ʵۣת롣
Ҫǻʵ۱˹ǿƣôڸҲΪʵ۵ĴͲ
Ĺټʵʶ֮໥ȫǶѹ磬ѹ硣
ϱ׸λϣȻͼһº͵ķʽ׵ѹƻȨˣ
㡲ûһʱѹƻȨûôҶʶȨҪƣȨֹš˵ʶˣȴû˸
붼֪ʧܵԭ临ӡ
һڸ֮ʵȴ֮Բ˳ڸȻȡ˲ֻȨʵҪջⲿȨͼΪɡڸȻԼ˻ȨȻڻȨڵġ
ڲͳһٳȨءԱɲõ±ָȨŪȨΨǴӱָųӹµ
ǸСߣڻʵۺͰٹ֮䣬ⲻˡ
˸ԱӹӹµµģҪôŻʵ۸ɣҪôʵ۶Ÿɡ
Աڲͳһµİٹˡ
ʲôͬꡢͬ硢ͬۡͬơֻҪһĿܹᵳ
ǽʿ뺲֣Ǻֲڸȫڸ󳼶һһѧĥģͳĽģǼͻԼǻʶȨ˶ȴʶʡ
ˣáⲵȨȷʶԼҪƻȨģֻнڸеļˡڸжȨʵ۶ˡ
˶Ӵʵ۵Ķḻ
Ҫǣ
һ峣Ҿ£ǽʿʿƻȨ뷨ֱһԽʱķӡ
һ֣һҿ죬䡢ȨڵĻʵۡ
㡱ض̹ϱӵľƱ֪ʹûйõĺҲǰȻˣ߲Ƶǹٳ̬
Ϊʵɱᣬ޷ơ
ڣº·ˡ
ƳУֻоԼ˾֮̾ΪõȨתƷʽʲô
һһд֡
Ң˴
μҪЦ
ǹʱеư
һ̾ȻȹȻҪ㡣ƾʲô֤ܹһ·ĲģᱻȨۡ
ϱӾһ֮֮ϣ˶壬Ծᶨ
ֻЦЦ㡣Ҳʱչ˽죬ʵۼȨ˼¡ʵ۵ĵλ޿Υԡ׸ҪܵԼɻʵȴҪ
ʲôⲻɱ䡢ڷȲΥƻʵ۵ĻֻҪʵۼô죿Ψһܹƻʵ۵ֻ˵
ζס㡣ƾʲô
ߵһȴԼǸλӣʱʲء飿
㲻ҪҡЦЦһһٶ˵ֻҪɱˡҡ
ëȻֱĶ㡡ǵһʶˡ
֪ΪʲôҪԼˡ

Яֿеͬ飬ҲǻලĶ֡
Ǳ˴˵ĶƣҲָԷĵС


65 
濴㡣Σ˵һ䣬á
һ㶣ΪΣ
о˫ԣҲҡμһҺֻҪһǸλӣһҪɱ˶Է
㡺ȻЦ˳ԼǸλӶĻʱ²ɱ֣
˵䣬ΪõĿΣεĻظ
ǡҡҡͷһеǰҴӦ
㲻𣿡
̾˿ͼһߵһսһͿ̿
ԽԽã˵ıһҪһʱ䣬ôһʼͼ˴ǽս֮УǼ
ϱսؼߣΪþǷԲսҪƿⳡ֮ս
Ρ̾˿Ӧ֪״ΣʹǲԴĿǰ״˶á
ϱԸΪ˶ʦԸٹⱼµѪҲȵһʱⱲûٶֻ졣
ǲһġ
ԹԶȻͬ
ʵҲǼ˿ѵḶ̌ٿԼڵ
ҡҡͷҾĲֹƻĿԡ
ҪƻȨҪƳĵ׶ڻȨľηһΪḶ́Ҫǣһз
ǵġĸˣһ֪İԼͨʲôоһġǴʼնṩһֿܰˡ
οһۣȫ֪ڸʲôʹʵ۲ǾȨڣֻΣûбҪ㾡֮һ֡Ұĵô࣬ƱػкҪصǻʵ֮λ
μʱΨһܹпģʮһնڵĽգƻȨġ
̾˿֪ھʲôˡ
һ´ң·ܷӵϣȺ۲֮˭ܱ֤κ㡾ܳɹ
ԼϽս֮Уȴûܹɹǡ
γĬţû˵
֪θǿҲͲڷαװԼȥˡ
Ĵٳ̰ۺУ̰ࡣټƵƵʵۻӹӣǴҴδҪıһڸԼҺ·ʱ׼Ͷ游ƱػͬǰȥϷ׼
㡲⣬ʮڱضҿȷչԼȻ󿴿˵Эˣ֪θУļͿ̿Ʊػ
ɻĿ㡣㡾ȻЭȫ
νͣô£һڴӦҵҪɻûпǲһʱѪͷŴӦ
ҲãҪҪ޻ȨҶҪȥϷˡ
ξȥϷȥľű򡱡
ȴʮʡ֮⣬ϽҪۼչȻϷáȥߣֻΪԸߵ߰ˡ
ˣǰ񶬻ѩԭضܰ֡·ݣȥһߵߡɻѣΪʲôָˣ
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ȥΪʵ˽Ϊ׼һֱпϱӵļҪȥʵؿ񵹲ǰȥϷоӪú󷽣ʱͼı
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66 
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Ц֣ǼȻҪô˫ڽҪһ£ܲ徭ҽҵʵ֮ѧ
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бһۣѵ㲻νľ˹𣿡
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Ϊ͵ĿΣЦŮװǺÿ
ֿǿԴһ˵дݳġ
θܵˣѸٻظ㡡
۹⣡



67 
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һ绻װţȫûҪص˼һ۾֪ǸŮӡδϻȥһɽء
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ҲϾ֮⣬нʮȫҪһһߵߡ
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һʽݣ幫ϸһݡ
߳ӵʱοϡĲ񷣬һ


68 
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μׯ԰۳ռش꣬ٿ۳һЩֻṩѧԱһ䷿Ļܹ߰ǧˡ
ԣҪĸ߰ǧ֪Ҫ衣
ǰڣֻǰĶȦ˽û幫סмпڵģδԸ뿪Լķӡ
ׯ԰ɵһգͬҬͷҲ깤ˡ
ͬʱͷԽȡ
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ʵǸԽҲǼڽǡ
˵Խó»۳Ըֻϣ»۳˽ѵ֮ɵ㶵ǵģܶ೤ӡ˵Խûһ뿴»Ц˼
μΪ֮·ԽԽխξϣһӾʹ߽ͬ
֮ûое汾
¿ȸԽáκܿºµĹԱ֮Խǿ
ֻѧΣټϱ游뻸̵ԲŻῴȥûôС۶ºࡣ
ʵ㡡ڶԷûвȵε֮ǰԸԡⴧˡ
һ㶣Цҿûôʱ򡱡
ҪңͰѳ»ŪˡȻҪѵδ̫֮ʡ
н飿
ѯ㡣˻¶꣬Ӧһ¹ĵá
ԽһѺúͿԼΪĵΪԼҵҽѳ»ۻʺϽ顣ҲԹۣԽΡ
룬ҡҡͷ
֮ҵ˼άʽǲͬġ
㡶ʱȤ⣿
һж֮ùˣͲѵǷˡֱ㡣ûϣͼʹһΡֱ۶ϵһ족
ܹоҪƻȨΪ˽ʲô²ǰݵ·ϣһֱڹ۲㡣ȴڼٰĲ״ʱ¶ıװģ۾ȫ޶ԡ
ƻȨԼδɵź·ϣ㡿伫ԸԼ˵ȥѳ
㡲
Ǳ˵ģԼġ
ҲͬԽ˲ǵ
ǸԽأƽǳ»ۣǶʻˡ
ϣЩ˶йδ
ЦŬŬδ


69 
κԼдµż
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һһظǵ˽šͬʱ·һݹδƽ»ìһ¡
㡳Ĭһ֮ǰǸ⣬µô
ֿѯʣһһԱȿڹ¼ҳ˭׶˭вӣ˭̽ң˭Ǵ塱
Ȼأ
ɻĿһۣյʱǾ˹ͬ޶ķִгͷɡʲô𣿡
㲻ҪܹսȨҿԼʱǹѧǷ۵ս㡱ЦŲ䣬Ͳ½ͷѧֱʹǴ˺ٲսȨ
üҹսѧϵȨ˸ϵǿ»ĳ鵫ܹ»ݱªⲻһ
㡵˵ͷʵǸԽأûвִ£ֻԹ۰ˡô
ΪѵĵطԽΨһֹصĲ֡ǻвأϾְûԼְȨΧ֮¡
εı浱иûἰ¡òףŻἰ
̽ҵĵߡ̾˿ǼƶϵȱʧʼҽֻǱԼְΧڵͿˡԸԽǶԵģ˹򻹲˹֮ڣ޷ͽ
ЦٶȷξȻǸӵܣ̾ȴзΡЦҪŹ
Ҫ޲ƶϵ©
дһ⹫Ҫؽ˻ලв֮һ˿δ
ĻҪô䱸޷ͬЭҪôһ𸯰ܡҡҡͷⲻһ÷ӡ
ΣڶѧܱҲˡֻһʱɰ취ȵ֣Ҫרŵļ顱
ڴºԹ٣
¸ʵ̲İӣԹٸԱڻʵ۵ļ졣
ε˵ͷҸԽдţ¡ֱӵ˸Խѵ»ۣ̽εߵ˼
ЦҲ֪Խһֱ׵żǸʲôܡ
εȻ֪ԽΪʲôҪ̽
Ϊ
ǰЩӣĹҪ˼ʼǩΪ죬ʱľǩ飬ߵҲþۺɢ
ǲ£ξյ˸Խ˵˽šԽ˵صԶԶֹΪ˸»һѵ
Ϊ˿οܹ֮ǿǷ֮ģܲܰǸ·ڸСëнܹڹ赸
ȷ˵һΪūԲ֣֮ǵȻҪȷεĶǻܷԸЧҡ
ʵϣԶֹغ͸Խ֮Ҫƽ»۶ŸܾΪ̽ңһ֣ܲܲǩ
βҪ˷ֿѯֳ׼ߡ
дȫżûᣬϸԵӡ¡
ʰˣ
ε˵ͷҪȥ䵱һ١
æŽׯ԰ҬͷʱҲûš
Ǹְ֪ͬȨΧ㣬漰ʳˮȵȣư֪֪ҪûʦүԼֲ£֪ͬȨͻü
ֱ֪ʾȫǻһΣʦүûСҪ·ҪˮһҪ֡
֪ԼӵʦټһĸͷΡ֪ưʹӦ㡵
ֱӷ˽˵ڸſڡװдһԴסˮũ¡ﴦԼسԱصעŮ
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Ͼۻۺۡ۾ͨϰÿҪһۣ۾ǹٸǮӶ˵ۡƫƫ۵ĹǮ͵һֻмӡ
˵ˣɽصƸеϵģ˼ȡ
㡿⽫⹫ļ磬Ź˰£ȷϢĹԶˣſʼԡ
ûѡƾּĥ˵ĳԺڿϵĿԡ
෴ģԷΪͬĿĿѡӦĿʱ໥ĿԱĿ
ũ¡ֿĿϣ³ֿʵɾḻȴʶԸԵķʽ
ĵݵĹѧ˵ǸеĻʩеġǽ˹ѧ֯ԡ
һ
Դ˰ۡӶ֮⣬۵ĻͨΪûˮĸλڸ򡢽ηȵȡ
Ϊĺ游׵ĸλһ
ȴĥʮӡһ̺£ϲЬյѧǰһڡ
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˰죬׻ǱֲҪǮһջˡ
ߵˡˮһһ氲Ŷӣһ治ϻ롰Է롱
ڿ֮ǰ͹˿ԷΧȷʾ뱨Ŀйأʫʸ踳¡
Ϊ˷ֹûǮԴ٣λѴƸԱߡó¸㡻ÿվڿԱߣ١
Чܺãɹ˳¸΢֡
һһǰŲ˹ʱһȷûмдȻͽȥˡ
ոս˴ţͿһڵĴӺǰǰѾʾˣһȥǶȡһ롣
һüҵʮšŵҵ˼ңһžͷѧﹲưڷʮС
ڼſڵĵõһױī⣬˳˳
īȫۻɫīпܹŵһӳȴ֣ѾûЩˡ
ϸϸпī֭ȵλȫֻ졣λͬ·˽
ˣֻ㵲ѡ
ôôŮӣ
ܣ˵ѧӶȴΪ
ڣλˮƣʱһʱ֮ʱԿʼпߡ
ɡ
ȵȣһŮΪοԳ
̧һޱƸԭͲŮ⣬㲻뿼ԾȥԸſԴ
ĿǸӣڣѡ»ǳȥ
ӶʱǺܣ˾ĿƵĿȫЦġ
ͳ
һһëʶʱˤء
࿴ëһƼʮģԺȥ⳥
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ݴ꣬ҹߵߺԲůҲȥ⿼ǲŮˡ
Ǻһ˦뿪˿
ҲȻȥ⳥𻵵ëʡ
ڣλ뿪
ȷûһҪ֮󣬷ɣȻ󷢾
ڿֻͷ⡣
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ڸʲô
һѲ鿼ʹסĸ׵ģ⻹࿼ٴסġ
ȵԷСһֻЦáǾȻηĿٸһݼд
Ҫ֪εĿȫǼ⣬ЩҪƸȥģҪЩԼ˼άʲôȿȥ޼Ѱļ֪ܿʶ಻ࡢרҵʵ˼άǷ
ȻҪҲ˲Ҳֻܰθ߸ǳپŪȥǾԲġ
ڶ࿼Ǹעⲻκ㡵Ѳ飬ҲںǸŮӡȫ񶼷˿ϡ
һǵķټǡũˡԣǼѵĻᡣ
һˮƣ˺ʲôࡱȵȿĿֻҪȷ˱һĿֻһˣζԸΪ˿һ
ҪʱģٲѧҲ޷˽пĿ෴ģණֻ֪Ƥë
ΪˣҪϧһд£רҵ˲š
ʹԷֻԸΪôȻȥׯ԰ڿΣÿնʱ˽ӡͣһĲȱԸǩôȻǰ԰סռнʡ
Խеʱ̣ܶ졣㡹޴ǱҪһӽһǧݿ
㡰컹ȥîͱΡ
˰ŬɻϵƼӰࡣ
һºοԼɸʮԺѡˣֻеĸֵõġ
ʮĸּŵ۾ۣԾԼմīӣ߼˼Ȫӿɫɫ³㡵ϡ
ڶ죬Ǳ㽫ƸԱߡһȺĹһ۾ͿԼ֡
һ£ֻӷᡢͷһ죬Ƕ谵￴һ⡣
̼æȥĩβ֪֪ͨҪ̸ڶء
ʮĸԼǰμԣȴ¼ȡʮ˸ĸǻΪʶ̸ֱ֣֮ȷġ
һׯ԰Ҳˡ
¾㱸ֻѧ


70 
ݰչ涨ҲйٷԺԺ첻㣬ʱ˼˼˰ٰʮ˷˼ҡ
ȥ˿Ժĵַ˵ʵؽһ
ûǹɴԼһ˽ԺܷܲһκϣܹŹƤ̫ע⡣
ΣǶҪ˵֪ؿԺ
˵֪ʵټ򵥲ˡֲҪǮܰﲻɣ
ˣ֪ͬ°ôǽׯ԰ʿҪؿԺ
֪ͷʦүġ
ʦүŰֺ˵ǲ롭Ȩ
֪üͷһ壬о鲢򵥡
˼˰죬֪ΪȻػ˻֣˼ܸϵӣ˲赣ǡ
㵣ôأݸˣҪҪˣŲòߡ
֪룬ƷԱ޴ˡٹһҲҪߣȨ᲻ʲôأ
˵ˣԼ;ȴָȻԸ㡴ùϵˡ
֪Ĵ֧£ݹٷԺѸš
ԺϺ½½ǰͶͶǼΪġͶлʱ׳ռˡ
ƫƫҪǴȶĺԴ
ͨˣչüĿЦȥݴǣԸԸ֧һ֪ͬİҵ
һ㶣ʱЦá
ξȻŵʿ𡢴һ飬ȵҶܾɣôҲ̫ͻأˣǾܾġȻҾԼˡ
ҪǴͬˣǾ͸ðˡ˿ڡƵ긴һ£ǳ˵˸֮ƨûСĸɵӿһֱȥʱܲԻһһ˳
ȵʱǵѾɣδѳɣ׼һصĴ󻧽ʱñԼˡ
ð㡵˵ͷȻȻҪСı˲ֽ
鷳ġξϣԼ£˱˼ҵġ
ҪСĵ㡱Цҡͷ
ĿǰڷֹСҪڸһڹ㣬Ŀǰڸݱص״졣
ҿˣݱĿǰֻһۿڡ
ǰʱǸۿڣ
μֱ²ۣǸۿ£ֻǼֻСȥ㶼ҪĹ˻ˡ
ԣǾӦۡ˸þɽԱݺϿר½֮¡
ԡξ֣Ӧһزפפȥ
Ľ򻮷ֲͬ;½ء
ƽ˵ʮʡȫ򡣿ɴԶԶֹʮʡĵشڱľűͶǾ¹Ͻ½ǿ໥תģûô塣
ݸںĵרŷٵãһֱôӡϱӶעݡΣݸȻǴ߽һפ
ݸ¡ݡ̾˿ҳȴ֪֮⣬ϢͲ̽ˡ
㡽͵ԭͺӣͬϵϱӿġְͼݵͼª˵ݱصˡ
㡲ûǹֱҵʻ֪̽ʵ̫ˡ
һսθ϶
ͼݷչΪԼҪľɨݱصľ
ǲûпǹ͸Գϵ˰˿ͳƶһߡΪϵϵĹԱͼȾָϵ̫ˡ
̫ǡѰܻ٣ȴǡʵòѾ񻯡
㡲̫ǡȻϱӲעݵǳսµľűֹӣƽѾõ˵ˣܾܲõˡ
ˣȰԺҬͷ⣬ҪѰֻۣдͨ˵·ܰݷչ
㡵ͷпǹγ
У̫Уǵõȵ͢ҲܹʼݿȻɹλءƫƫǳ͢רӪһԼ˽Σץסɾͳ군ˡ
˽һֱУǶСС֡ҪҪչγǱضǴֱʡͻӳ͢ĽѢ֮ĸ󻼡ʱ˳͢ע鷳ˡ
Цпһڵۡ
˵صĿ󹤱
һǰµۡʹɽһֱ󡣴һֱģʶ˰ѹء㽭һҪɵĿξаڿ󹤵İͼΪأȴϽ˽
鷳ǣ޷̣ͨΪٸڿ󹤵ĹϽΪϿԱճɽ󹤡
󹤻ȥˣ͸ɴˡ
㡵ͷϱӲûд£ʷȻǻ仯ġ
μǰͷ㡵ļ䡢Ůǵļ䡢Լ鼮ȴвͬһֱ
ȴ¼֮⣬ͨС¼˸ǲļ䡣Ǻ㡻δͬһʱաǲ֪ƽʱջǵļ䶼⡣
ĿǰҲ𰸵Ҳûж룬
˻ᷢչ˽Σ
񱱱ս²ϣֳ˿壬õĿ;ǣϡ֮⣬ԭǸ֮أһ󹤵岨ղϸ˰㹻ùٸͷʹѡʱǸ˲˽Ρ
εȻ֪ⷬѾ˵ģղΪȰ
Ȼаտγôأ
ʳΣҪġ
ݸۿǿˣȴûӦĴֻ;·ߣôϵĺ͸ຣٵĿԸһ㡣ǰΪͺ￴ݰˡ
ҽһֻ̣ҪԲԶ
ܸĴֻ촬ġ
Ǿˡ촬˾ϽµĹٷӪ䶩
ζʱ뵽ӦòֹܸɣóĴֻ촬İɡ
ȻȻɻ󣬡촬ǽ촬ٷԴ˵ĹϽӦúܴǣôǽ䶩
㡽͵ֻСԡϡΪλȻٷҪһϵĴֻȴֻϸһϴֻǮԡ
γˡٸΪʡǮֱӵ촬벻ò˽½䶩ΪӦٸĻѡ
ʵԶȸħã
θ̾ˣ͵뵽һǷھ򵽴ˣ
ΪĿһۣһٸϽϸһ洬Աһӣûб촬ǲҲӡһӲǱٸץסûƱֻҪԸ߼ˣضǰ
ЦһҵȷˡҸԺһ£㸺ھ򴬳ԱͿγȵɣۿҲͽˡ
Ѹٸϣۿһɹ˽ΡҬ͵ȱܻͨʮʡԱҲΪ
һЦͬ
죡
лҪ˵ȫǿգ뿴Сɰȥ
1.ĽǾºصϵߺ϶Ϊһ
ϵͳʹ˾(ֱ)(ֱ˾)()ϵͳָʹ˾(жָʹ˾ֱ)һһ(ֱ˾ǧ)ǧ
ԺɳѲʷ̰˾ϵͳмල۹Ľơ˳ǣ
Ҳ˵ϵͳϵͳܸϵܺ⡣ϵͳǿ԰ΪԼһֵĽԼϽǳڱԭ򣬾ϵͳණ˿ڡͼ˰ʲôĶǱܵġ
Ͻ໥֮нϵҲܹ໥תָǨԱʧȥ˾壬ƽջ
ѲܹϽڵľ¡ҲܹϽڵһֹϵݱ䡣
2.ᵽͬھǾϵµԱȴϵµġһһҵԱȱ͵ôԭϽľаԶȥ
ϣΪܶʱ;ǻõģԿȥͻ塣
3.ʵϣڼ٣ԱڲϵࡣΪһ㳤ӳϮ׵Ĺλλȥپٵĳ֮ͳΪ࣬ĳ֮ͳΪࡣپǿΪġࡢȴڲϵķϢȱࡣ
4.ԱǿԿƾӦġϾԱҲԼѧѧڸѧѧ
5.ǹŴֻļλδˡλָ֣ݻλȵȸִλҼҲǳӣԱû
һдұ˲Ϻ⡣֮ӭָ


71 
ϺμݱصĹ¾۲͡ŷ֣ݱظûʲôҴ壬еʿ͸ϡڻһЩ޸˺˵衣
ȻЩ˸˾ӣ޷˵Щһ⻰󲿷ЦŲ˻⣬мͽ㡵˼˼˵ʳ
ηһû˲á
æµǹü죬ۿδɣ񻹱Ƚ鷳ĿǰֻСݾڡ
ηҵһµԴD
ЩԲΪҵˣƯںϣ²塢ʳҪɸ߰ҵ˰ͳ͢Ҫ飬Ǽеһ֡
ʼʱյһǰʦѡοԵįD񣬶ԷǱƵûȥˣǰƴһԡ
DڴϣȻе㴬ֻĻ֪ʶ˳ͨεѡοԡ
ʶDҲмǧ˿ڡ
λʶǩԼȻ̶µʱ䣬οõĸߺʵĿڱöԷˮʶһDӵܡ
ׯ԰ѧԴʼüΪӡеػȥDݱ£񣬻бص衣
ͬʱڴӯD֪
ڵĲأλʶ˵ʱǻڲĺϲ㣬һ꼾޷͵ÿΪפǸ޷ϰ޿κΣֻܹͣȥĵط
˾ĵλã̽Ϣͺðˡ
εԺҵ;ĽҲҪǨƹֻʣͷǷĻǨƹ
æĲУҲæݱصȫСС֣˽ࡣйΣҲߡ궼ι
ʳζǾΣι˽ͨũ˻ͽٳ䵱мǻξɽһǹٸϵġ
ȥݹٷγǼΪͳĲнΡķ˹ҳ١
ûѡɽξ±ˮֱ˺һĵء
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ֻͨΣγ͵Ĺˡѹûʲôɹη
һͷɪɪ׳ŵӻصɾγžȴֹģ˵ҲҪи߰ʮˣ£Ҳˡ
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ͷʹѣҲֻɹΣֻ֪չⱩɹнԼ˹ͲġҪˣֻԼʱôûѧơ
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ׯ԰
֮ǰʶׯ԰һ˼ҵׯ԰һС͵ѧֻѧʵѧʲô峣ˡ
ûмʶ֪ׯ԰Բ
ׯ԰ڲĿ࣬ȵȻְܡЩĿĿǰʦвȴȻһͷֻҵʦ̿
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Щطһ˽չСһҵĺҲңңڡ
ΣۿϿʱҪˣʰʰ˿á
ĿǰˮֻҪ˻Ǿ֡ǳĳЩ˺˼Ը⽻ˡ
ϾԷˮ֪ʶΪʵҿʼ˽ɽصˮʩһʵξҪȥɽʵˮ̡
վ˿ϣڶ̫Ӧĵط
ѧǵŮ
ںĲ̫ϰߡϾ˭˶ʮŮĽէһۿŮӳڿ϶Բ
ԾԼõģǸ̵̵ܾŮѧֱ֮ӱˡ
ŶҪҽƵķҲǸŮڽׯ԰ҲŮӡϷŮƽȵˣȫˡ
ˣׯ԰ÿҵǽ϶īдšŮƽȡĸ֡
ѧǿɣȲѧʲôơġȽ̡ҰҵĹŮƽȡ
ֱޱȵĴ׻ʼʱķĴ׻˭öֵĴ٣̫ĺӣѧΪ١
еǾҪÿһ鶼Ҫо㺬塣
ʥ֮ԣҪǿжֱ˹ģ
Ȼ˵仰˱ˡ
ʼʱҲģֻ룬û˵ʶԼٶٶʥ֮ԵŤ֮żҲû˵ֲǡ
̨¡ѧ࣬һ༶Ҳʮ˰ˡׯ԰ѧˡ
ǵһ죬ٹ£ڶѧҪˡ
һһֱЩƬϵһѿ


72 
˷лϵˡ֪һӣÿһ͸¶־
޹أֲŻ׶У綼¶һաޱȡ
֪˿顣
ʱһһҪߡһȥˣȻۿڣ񣬸¿࣬ѻˮ
˵㡺˸ɵģҲϹʶ֮֮ôܸɣĸ˾̣
õܸϵĻƤټ㡡׬Ǯȥ㡣ȪҪˣ
ϵܰΪϾҪȥص֪ˣ˵֪ƽؿɱݸˡ֪пҲǰͷˣ
֪һߣȻܸϵ¶֪λӣΪһ֡㡸һһҪ֪
֪߶߶ĸпֿޱȵشȪĲʺƨȪһֱͨȪĵû泩
ϯƱյ֪㡺üЦֿɵõŴһ
ϣ֪澷ߵıӰ΢Цźа뱭ơ
صĿδϾǱšߣơսϵ˽죬ûбٸ𣬷ԽԽ
֪صʱܵ󹤣޹ɱʵǿ
ϯı澷˷䡣
ɾôˣ
طˣɾλƣˡ澱ϹϾĻش
΢ЦŴ澣ת㡵ʱȻˮ
ԭҪ֪λãϸõ͵˺ޡȻôˣ˺ôһΪͱȪҪȫݵ˶֪㡾Ȫ
Ҫɱ֪
ۣһƬɢԷ֪ڷ˽ΣȻѡ
㲻Ǹֺ𣿡
Σ赭д֪ǵʹôܿ޷֤֪ǵĻܡұ޳ĪõķӾڸ;ɱ
θɬɤӣ֪ıƻȨһѪ޵Ĳ··ͻıѪܵĹ
δɤͬһۡ
㡸˱ˮû˵ҪһֻԼȥ
֪㲻ʲô̰ҲͬжԱȡҪнٺ֮ͣ˵λȹݾõģҪάȫҵĺӣˣһ߿ضȡ԰ա
֪ݸʱʵ⵰Ȣ˵ڶӣðǧĶǮ
㡵ˡҲʮߣӼһθ飬ġ
γĬ˺ܾãɰοҡʹǺƽչأӦýɷУֲҡ
΢ӣҪŹҪ
ҡҡͷһûظĵزҪҵʺҵɷҼʹй˱˵ע⡣ֹҪµ˶Ҫ㲻ΪԼҲΪҵҵöǵȫ𡣡
ڸ;ȥõİ취һ޹أ֪ܽλӡݵĲþͿԳչ
л㡱ο㡣ʵĸлԸȥ
ЦȴֲγϣҪɱ¾Ѫѡ׼֮⣬ҲϣοԼ¶
ڲȡ˸м㡼ֱʦͨ
ɾЩʱ˵
һаȫƵһͬ֡
㡲̶̾һ£͵˵ͷеСӹŵ
Ǻߣгһɱ֪£θкϸһͬе˱ˣξԼα
·Ҫ˫մѪ׼ֹ֪˺еĵ˶ǵĵ£ϤĽ̵ѧǻҲһһڵ˵ĵȥ
ǻѷ˵ѪԼԼͳͳڼ̳ϣѳ
Ψһģǽѩĵ׼ˡﾡܵıˣ߾ȫѪ
㡣֪ǵˣɱζĿ㡡
Ȼ㱣֤ǵֻ׼ˡ
ηҡҡͷڲһҪϣڲԾɷжҵΪһԼɱᣬӷǾģ
ȻӣЦá
ѵõ飬Ρ
ôϸо㡹ֵֹġ
ͱڰɣ㡰ϣ£΢΢һ鶼ܿ㡵šȥĺܺ
Ҫǣ㡻һſ۽üҾЦ⣬ȫעĿΣ·רֻüһˡ
ΰ̾ÿٷޣɫǰα׼Ķˡ
֮´ӿˣǵϵáθĺ飬СĸȾ纮
㡣
ֻùνˣ̾ҪЪϢްɣ
εȻνϴվɸ㡷ֳӡ
㡵һ顣֪һߣ㡰չȥסճԺʱȻԷַ˯ˡҲͲѹܿӦӣԡ֮󻹵ÿ·ʱû¶塣
еϣܹͻξ档
֮ᵽԺǷַ˯ɣ
㡺ܻɻ˵öǼٵġɫ|ûɹַ˯˼
룬ξΣ˵ڿʼʶ㡳˺֮⻹ǸˡʱŬõġ
Ӷҹԡ³ζĸ˸ڿʼ㡾ͷԶԶûбŮǰɬ
ʱٿεʱΪ׬ǮдЩȺħĻӣ㡲ŷ̵֡·Ȼã
ƣǷַ˯ֻҵ󡣿ҷַ˯Ҳ񡱡
˵ˡֱӸ׳нѵסȥ֪סԺ𣿡
ҡҡͷ̽Ҫǲִַ
㡸ΪˣǶţ糿ĶôһŴ
Ϊ֮ҪΪ˰ˣʵڲӦԺÿ˯ϼɡ
òáæֹ´̿϶岻áλûôģΪ˲ԼξҪܿࡣ
ɡֻŪȥ
ô㡴Ӳֶţƽʱ˯ؾء
Ҳԡºϵӣϻ·ʱȥ滻ǸȻǰ¡ĵҲûʲô
Ϊãսչ൱˳վͳʱĻҲˡ


73 
ȫƵһԲɡ鳤ʷֱͦ壬վǰ㱨
ʵԱǵϿɻãһγָ֮ǻˡ
ʷ׳ʵЦȻܹһС
ɾǻɱ֪֮ǰѿƸʾȪֻǶռԼܻ¸ԭһĴ²֡ҪնɱʱȪ˾ȻٱӡǮ
ʷ˵Ĳм˹ҧһëȫˡԴοʼȪһֱŷӡǮ̲ء
ѿûв鵽𣿡
ӡǮ¶ֲΣΪѿƻûע⡣
˶˵֮ǰͣˣʱǻûʷҲͦɻģȪ÷ӡǮͣѾĹ£Ժ治ٷӡǮˡ
˵ʷҿعˣԲֵİɣ
ʷǯDӵܣԾٸĿͷʹɱε̰
ȻˣȥЪϢɣǵöעԱǵ⡱
ʷ˵ͷҲɾƣֻ֮꣬˵ɱһˣӶʳǳе¡ʱӻͲˣ˭йȥע˵
ĸֻׯ԰ѧʱѧġ˵ɾƣǷܻˡ
ʷ˸˳ȥˡ
ʷһߣεչ涨·ѿƣҪǲһǰݾڿзʲô¡
һ˵ֹ̰ģȪ˸ǸԼ̰ˡ෴ģǱضʲôŻֹͣӡǮԴڡ
ʱ䣬ѿƵı͵ݽˡ
֮ǰݷһξ̨磬˶Դֺӡ̡ⳡֱ̨ʹһĵ֣Ԫ˵ֱΪֹ޷
ͬ꣬ȪԭᱻΪֲͱˡιȪԼǰѹεһвͨͨȥϹˣڱסԼλ
ǰһطƶȪضӽôֹͣӡǮأ֪ܲķְɣ
εɻֱָͬ꣬ʹΡŵõ˽
ҪôȪηλָʹԼͣˡĿ̫СˣԭͲߣȪĹ٣Ȫɱλָʹţˡ
пλָʹ֪ȪӡǮ£ȻͣȪٲȻָʹȻԼҲڷӡǮ
ǰߣߵĿԷһЩ
ξȲѣϸҲݲ󲿷ݵĹܡɷҪǨĹԱ͵Ǯ¸Ϲ١ΪѹǮƣʲôȷӡǮĸġ
λָʹ֪ڷӡǮ˳ͻ֪ʲôѱˡ
ΪȪ˵ָʹڷӡǮ
ΰ˼⡣
ΣԳΪͻһ·ӡ
ѿһξ͸ĹϽϸ෴ģѾһԱۼСǡ
Աǣǵ̬ͨм֮ͬ
ʱ仹̫ˣµѿơȫƽԭ̶һ£޳ѧϰʱ䣬ﺢǸûгȫϵӡ
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γһȥȷָʹûзӡǮ
Ͼڲ׾카ӡǮĻ˵ġλָʹ̫֮ڷӡǮһ𻩱군ˡ
ĿԾܱߵسǡЩطҪ͸ɾͷˡ
̶һ£ѿƵϢʹˡ
ڷӡǮֻһǮׯͨǮׯҪ֪ڵɽضûǮׯڲȻһҹģǮׯ
ѿƵ˼ǮׯԼΪѺʮӡȻº󲻽ûҪʮӻʮ
ѿԱĴ֣˳Ǯׯ¡ֻһᣬ̽һ¹µ˼ʹϵͻŪ̶µ˻ǹʱȥ
һƶϳ±˭
֮ǰεָʹˡ֡
ѿƵѸλֵ˼ʹϵ֪λֵķ޽ϣȪĳŮ
ζǰı棬˻㶡ԼˣȪֲٷӡǮˣǸΣ˺ϻˡ
ŮԽˣùͬӪݵķǮҵ
ȻҲпȪŮΪܹпΪ˽׺ýסԼĹλ
ǲŮģҲὫŮ޸˵ص١֮ǰʱЩ飬һһŮİΪŮ˷ӡǮһ¡
̾˿ѿƵı˼ͻ
֮һֱܿΪĹǲܵģֻԡı͢Ŀ⡣
õİ취ǿסԣȻɳӡֱԼˡ
ȥ¸вλָʹקϴ
һ㶣㡣ѵʲôõİ취𣿡
Цʱ̫˽Ĺٳ̬Ӧ֪䡱
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ǵģʹսʱĹΪְΪְƽʱƷٱƷĹָű򶼵ҪǮɽͷܹĹǵıӻŪǷַӵ¡Ĺٻһ֮΢ͬʦһͱһѣĶǣ
˵Ͻλָʹ
ЦŵͷƷ֪λָʹͬȻˣӦϽ
ҡҡͷȻĹ䣬Ȼ֪֪Ѳֻ֪ܸΨѲܹܱʡ¡
ˣҲҪ־¡
ѵõĸеͷһȫȫΪǡ
Ȼˣܵһɲܹ¸λָʹɣװǮضỳɡ
ЦȻС
֪ͬո֪ҪظɵĺʱżȻ־ھȻǮׯ˽ӡǮ
ΰһЦ㡣֪ȻȡǮׯ
㡿ЦãλָʹԼ㣿ͲԷ٣ձƵλָʹֳң
ȾҪ֮ѿˡϾ˽ӪҲ˵֪ڷӡǮ֪˽ΡϽֻ֮Ϊܺƽʱ֮ٳѪЩֺɷݸ
˵˵ЦദŨ֮ʱ˳ȰγӡǮпܻӦ
㡿۾ЦŨʿɲôõġ
ֻŨ⣬ˡ
ô֪ػ£
áȻͷɾǰקˡֹγܵҪұԱǽҷҿô죿ɲͬڷ˽Σұı
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ʱƵһΪ۵Ѿˣ´ҵ£λָʹĶ״ȥʱݻѾǵĵˣ˭λָʹ
㡶ʱЦϲθʱרעɫᵽ취ʱϸǹ⣬ϲá
һĥϣڲ裬ѧ٩ˡȻҴﲻøĵزҲлֱ˵ٸĨˡ


74 
㡶죬ʱȥǮׯصĴǮׯ¡ΣĹ¾סˡסָʹţġ
֡ţĲһֵͣ෴ģһϵĹȥһĹ١
ţĵ˵еˣײţģĲ鲻Ը£ǮׯӡǮҵ
ţľսҹ﷭ȥ˯šһֱҲλ֪˵ԷȻǸܳһ鵽ڷӡǮǿɾͳ군ˡ
ţ˼׻̽̽
һţָʹݷãʱΪİϯдԷ
ƹѲ㡻ǸºͿ׵ӣţƨɵ¸Ƶģ̲סˡ
֡ţı㡴һ֣㡵´࣬СܴΪ˹ǨʵΪ
ǫ˼䣬ţĴ̫Ͻ⡣
ָոΣСҲûʲôõóֵġţΪĵһССС
㡲Ȼŭһ˦ӾҪȥ
ţаô˸ˣ
Եȣⲻһ±ˡ
ţĵΪ㡴˽УȻһ顣˼ǣ֮΢΢¶Ʊһǡ
һ۾ܿװеţȻҲֻ֪
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ţĳһλҲװģͷˣҪǮҲֱ˵춼ҪԸƷ
ͳȥ˾޶¸ţۣôĵˡ֪Ĭ˲ӡǮ¶ͱȥ
ţܰ㡵ϣһţܱϲֵͬܡ
ţĲһʹȥôǮҪǮ
ҧӵ⣬ãƽ飬Цɲһʡ
㡰ڳһºʵһţְæ
˵˵Ĺٵͷƺˡţ֡ţʲô£һֱŹӻ
ţҲ֪ġЩΪѣӦһ深֮󣬱ضغĵˡ
ɲɡţ֪ܲԼҵսǸָʹʵҲǧˣ޳ԿõǾ͸ˡȫһүĶϰ㡻ݡ
ҡҡͷţؽ֮СĶͷţ֡
ţɻؿ㡡
ЦŰѽ˻ȥСţЩС

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ʼбпҪ˱У㡵İѱһ˽ӡǮ¶ʲôˡ
ζ㡳һϵơ
ɲɡţ͵ҡͷϴӦ
˽ӡǮʲôֻҪֳǮϹ٣¶ҲϢȥˡֳݽ棬˭⡣
˽еıĴһضᱻ塣
º͵Ц岻ݣţȴϾССݣСܲţԸţǰȥܡ
ţҧгݡ
㡣ǿ嶼һ˻δ˸ɾţҪȥֱƫƫݸػǽġһѲҪҪظڵԽټ㡵ı٣ʱȥ̿ô죡
ţ֡㡷Żеڵľеʧޡ궼Ķţֻ轫ĶڵľеҼɡ
㡸ϿңҪı;еЩˣ˵ܶʲôáЩǹлԺûеУԼˣ
ţķᣬ˵ʵҲû鲻࣬Ҳо̫ԾʱܽЩͭȥǮǮʳǾޱΨһҪСĵľǱ˽ҷ
·ǿţĵĵǣţַģҲԸ֪бСֻ֮ҹǲĸеǰķ̨мɡԻȥȡһ֪ҵĽףţҲسе̫ķա
ţѾЩ⶯һ仰ѹһݡ
һˡǳӣһֻʮ
ţĺһĥһ״Ӧˡ
ˡţЦǾеҲ࣬Ҳ͸һѣҲʮ
˹ˡΪĸţĵ˾ơ
ţܳѵܱĹ࿴Ц˱
һϯԵñһ·Цţġ
ûγΪ˽ζţĶֻܹǮȴţĺǰһ
ֻһõȥɾˡʱеȫеɾѡˡ

ĵ
ʶѵʾԿ
ˣβп콣
ָָѵԿ֮˫˫ѡ
˽ԼұĵţĸĵԿ£ţĵĵȱڡ
ɾ⵶̫࣬սǱ˿
ԭֻ뿴еľеˮƽ˳һǽǣҲûָЩеʲôá
ԻľеС率ʸסȵȣЩ˼·ȱġ
ҪǣţקϴȵԷԽԽǾͿԹĿˡ
ģڽʯ·Ʒζ൱ߡµ˽Բ󣬷ʵζĸֲġ
βұֵ֪ĻԭΪȥֲеĸʰ̼Ϊ̼ߵࡣõֺ̼̼߸ֲӲȡ
̼̼ɾҪôξץϹˡ
ĿǰΪֹѾֳС飬ũ顢е顢ȵȡекܴһĿұõĸֲġ
µĹֵ֪ԭҲϹĻѧγ̡һ㹻ľˡ
ȻβҰѻ˵һĿ⣬ᵽı̼ССһ֧ˡ
˹ʾȴһǿһζ˳ʾܹԼ˼·ͻƣٺòˡ
ǴѵڵԷһʱϿΡұһ֮ǰ˹ַ
ˮȵȣϣ֮ڼĽҽһСַ½ľеľе
ƫƫµĽֵģûиезľ˼·κ㡲վϧ߼ŪһƷùǸ״еĴˮƽз˼·
˸ֵ˻率
ȵȡֹΣ良ըţɡ
ûξֱܾ北ϸһŷ֣略ˡ
㡣
Ȼ֪ãûϵȻôã
Ц֮ЩеǲǱţĿˣ
Է˺ʹҲôźһЩľеôȫЩ
еڹȻбõľе󲿷Ҳˮ׼̾һ䱸ϳھӡ
εһһֻʥ䣬ӪӪֻΪƾ١ԼԼ˿ȥչʵѧüñ˳Ϊɼȥأ
㡵ЦεȻ֪ԽþԽǷӡ˳Ծأ
̾˿ֻϵĵԽء


75 
Ӧˣ
վڴͷԶֻǧǧбο֮ƣ֮
ǣӦۡҲվڴͷʿ˳ڴ
ôͣˣ
ͷмԶľ룬ֻͣ
λɾֻҪߡ
ע⵽󲿷ִֻͣڷֽ֮⡣ͷ߸ߵɫӡ
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˼һ٣һۿڻʲôʢʲô֪ˡڿԾۼרҵҪɹʲôҲԾ͵ؽ
˼
һҴƷͣ
ǾͿҪЩҵ֮ͣ󣬻˶ԻеǼǣ˰ʮ˰һ
ʮ˰һһü˰Ҳʮ˰һΪ˰˸߰
ʿӴ˰֮⣬κ˰̰˰ջɹٸϴӰȫȷݸķΧڲкܷ˵˰֮ȥпó׻˻ͨޣƾ˰֤һصǺͺ͸ƥ
һ˵˽Σ
ǡʿеνѩ۸񲻸߲Ҳ󡱡
иɬɤʵǾͲ³͢
ӿʿԴԼ˵ȥˡ
ǵ忪ʼȫ͢Χ˲ɡ鷳˾ܳңšΪˡƿһӣ׷ţ಻
ͬʱ͢ΪԼѹʼáááãõӣи˰
̾˿ֻ
ɾ弴ɣλɾΪ£
ú֣ԭΪԷҲݱѻǱݵĸģƫƫһ֪ˡ
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ԼݵĻͦô¶ġ⻰٣Ͼܲ˵ԼǱݡսҲֹǶҪҡɴཫӵܷء
һӣЩǮƱݡƵĹƻ⴬ϺЩʿӵܡ
һ׷ʵλɾһ֮
һ㶣Щǰոо١
塰ŶһΪʧ
ΪãСܿв֮
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Ȼŭ˹ģ˹ģ
⵭˴ǰΪΣ;ܹʶһ⼼ܵˣݣôܹһʡܷѡ
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˭ḯ˵ôϻֻǴʿװװˣֲʿ
ŭ֮ΣԷǴΪ׬һЩſϴݡҲ˼˺Ƥƺûϡ
ֻתƻ⣬ˡ
ѾǵһˣһͣͷִżҾ´֮Կǰȥѯٸˡ
ѯٸ
һźƵֻøѿˮͷԶȥۿڹڵǼǣʱרָ¡
˵ȻһҴ͸Ȼǰ˿ʹͣ
ǰݵĶˣǰǽӦΪתۣô˴͵Ŀʹأ
ҵĴֻͨԴӵʽɳػˣиսΪĽôһֻӣûǮ
ʲôʱҲļҵ
Ȼеš˵Խ귢ң˸ϣžǣ˺Ǵƥϵȵȡп⼸ϡ
˵ʵЩÿжУȻҲСΪϾܹƷϣʱƷ֣ΪֹǸԡ
˵صĹؿ󡱣ſʹĴֻпô̻ҪŶӡ
ЦȻ˴˸ۿڣ֮ٲȻԼ˽鷽ܲٹǹʱҵ̴Ҫۿڹ
ΪȪݸ۲ҵĴֻأ
ϱЩۡǸִȽؿרáпʹҪխĻϡ
ʱе㲻ˣֻðοԼơЦҵĴֻԼˣҪǮǴһ˵ǲ̫ܵġҴֻĿǰҲͣȪݸۡ
˿ûиоĲã淢ʡҲþܾһ·ģĵˡ
ŴǱ壬ԸҷӣٴĻһ߿˻
ɾΪβݲĻһף
Ƴ۹£赭дأҪЩĳܳġ
ˣϽȥǼȥ
ովͷֻǰȫǳĶ顣ʶİСǰȥŶӡ
ʲôʲôôӰ
С˷βźüӡֹӡ뱾ǰǼǡʶźÿŵǰͷȥ
ûϵͬһֹˡֻ֣˶β
飬ǶнٶȺܿ졣ò׵ˡС̧ͷһͿǰΣͬεˡ
ôŮӣ
Сһ㶣תһ룬֮ݿ治֮أ
䡢ᡢǰΪ£
ҼɾġС˸ϽʾԼɾ
ûȶǸСﲢܴŶӣҲܲӡҪǼǵԼǰǼǡ´ʱۿڲ˴ʾ𣿡
Сһ죬ɾͨ˵ģҿǾүȻͨˡ
СԼĪǾû̫䵭ֲһ䣺زˣԱǰȥ
С˿˿ԷǰСдţ̨һ
ֵܣҺòŵͲͨͨڣ
̨⵭̨޷ͨڣȥ·
ۿźŶӵѾЩˣСû취ֻȥԼɾ
С˸ոܴ죬Ǳ߶Ҳûõȥ
Ϊ˿ǣ
Ϊգ֮صʵǲͨⶢ˿ۿŮŮͨУްŮʶŮӣֱΪ飡
ˣǿڿĻµ
ŷ֣¶û˹עɷ·ȴҪۡոۿڷ粻΢졢ΪʣĻԵúˡ
Щ˲ʶЩˡ
Ĳ˳С֪ͨǱԼǰȥŶӡżҾ켷òŵ˶ͷ
һôǸСӣ
䡭
ȵȡ岽ʾӣΪһŮΪҵȵǼǣ
ŮѾֳݵ˵ɣ侲ŶӣǰȥӵǼǵĶ顱
һҭ˭ҵ澣˳˵
ҵĹһһ壬ǰȥݸͶҡһ
Ǹõˣ
˶ҪסˣΪθõҹӶŮӣŮҲҽã˾ߵ
Ƕޣ޿ǰͦտСȻЩãȻ񲢲
䡭
ϣ귽ʮסأǰݶӡ
̧ͷĻŮӣʵҲ֮ǰĸΪȡ֣ǹԷյһš
ŶãȻӣһ̾
ԭֻڡձ϶ŮӵıЩѧԺֵۿڵǼǣŷԭЩСšĻڷնġ
˵вõԤУæֹ
ûһۣԶϽͣʵδ֮ǰ֡ûеĻԸԼȡһ
־Լȡãȡԡһصͷǫ̃֡ҲԼȡá
Դȡ֣˶С壡̨Ϊ⣬ᶨΪһֳڳˡĻĺ֡
־߳˾͵һ׿Ⱥ֣
ԡԼȡһãȻҵ﻽
˵еʧ䣺û֡
еģУ֡ôСӣ˭֪ĸ㣿
ȫҲϵСӣ
Ƴһۣų֮ͬ⣬ġǶһ޶֮ˣ
ݵкӣûֵĻҪġֻʦæģԼȡá
˵ֻͬȡּż˻ԼõԢ⡣ԾʶǶصһɵ˸־Ȳ˭ĸӹҲ˭Ĵ
𣿡
һʣɶϻҡҡͷ
иӡѾŵȫõۡԳһţʲôɡ
һǸľиСڣùȥ
һ˫ļõ֣ȡһֽԽ
޵峬ף׿Ⱥ֣
ұǼˡԽ
ԽڸĻµһ˿˿Ц⣬Ĭ˼顰ԽֻƺҲͦõġ


76 
Ŷӵʵ̫ˣĲ鲻ԸǼˡţõһССӡ
ƤǼʵֽģһһҳ¼ȻϢ»һʺĹԼһһıʶǩ
Ȿ˳·ֱߣȥһǼǵ㡣һ
һͳͳǼϣ˳ָ·ȥ˳ߵһǼǵص㡣
һΣǼǵ˸ˡ
ööСӣľˡ
վڵǼǵǰСӿһۣøģıʾѩ׵ֽϻ
һֽϾظֳģ档⻭ǰĹʻȻͬ
ɻСӴ˻Ӻζ
ڣ˵Ǻ⴫ġ
ԭ򻭼ֲ뱾Ȼͬ
λ˭
׿ݼͷҲ̧лৣ֮ѧԺĴߣҵʦ
̽һ£׿ݼٶ졣һСϵСֶһŻ
ֵܿԽĻͷϡһҪǼԥ˰쵽׻ժ
˳˳õԼĻ
òװ˵Ǽǵ㣬ԽѾеվסˡԭСţһ·ȫ·Ųû£վôȻ۵òС
λӭݡһǼǵ㡣չ涨£Ϊ֮Ҫݵɷա
վ̨ϵǸ겻꣬ɤӶ̨¾ۼһȺ͵ݱɷࡣЩķڴ˵ض׸
ݹٷλԼ¡껷ܣһɱ̡
̨ããȻĿ͵ע⣬ζκ˲κŹɱˡ
֣ⲻԼ׳ɵΪλҪǿһ顣
ָ˰һݵǼǵİգ澡檣ĺӡ
ո˵꣬¶ʱ۷׷ס붭һʿӵ±ƹֻˣ
Ůӳ޴ӷԭҺܸĸ֮ǲΪβɳͽԷ
⽨ֻһ֮ڣ¹¡䲻Ӷ֣еūǺӵʱʱ򲻴Ҫȵʱ
λҪࡣȣӾǳˣ㲢޹̵ܽȨԾŹԷԷκΥΪ뱨١ںӡ
Ĳüǰ޶ʱἰŰͯν綨ͽŰͯͺ鷳ˡ
ԶԶֹŰͯŮɷһ¾㹻ڵˡ
λںӣʹŹɱ۴ӿ˼飬ʩ˺衱
ѾзͷӶ
Ӷܣʺ򡢸ȹܲܣ
¶ʱЦ
Ĳüͷһ£ֵ죬ʲôԻû׵еǣ
ܣûоͬ⣬ǿȶԷȡֻҪԷǰ٣ٸ͹ܣ
նʱ۷׷ס
ĲϽԼ|ٸࡱ
һǰдֻӦۡϷִԼ|ٸࡣڴǰݹٸûпǵⷽ棬ʶ޽ȻԼ|ٸ༫Բ壬ٸΪ˲ֻǧ
̨˾֮ƣмԾԾԣŸٸһʡ
ĲЦԸҩڸſڵڳ˵Ժ͸|ٸ࣬˺һ븣|ٸ࣬ͬɥ֮ȮֲݣذֱΪֹȫݰվš
ͷһ䡣⵭Ѿʼʢأ˵ܹ񡣶|ٸȴǻʼҹƷʵ۳Ѿʮˡ
Щкô˭ձȥʳ|ٸģ
ֻӿǴȻú󼹱ǰë
ȷ˵Ժ͸|ٸгԺ֪˷˹һʮﵭԺ͸|ٸࡣ̻ȫݾԴΪ䡣
Ĳ˵ƽޱȣ˺ٸǰӦ۵ĻеЯԺ͸|ٸģȷ֮ɱ⣡
ѪڵĻס˵µİաɴŲɴĵߡ
ﲻܹͲż
λݼΪˡһԼΪ˸λݸй͡йطΪλߵͶвͬӡԣʹλȨѹȺȥݸáñر
Ĳƽ˵ⷬʵʵĴ׻ס̨֮ˡ
ֻСŴųϿǮĪ˵ĶСϰٸܵġ
˰Űɣϣ̨̨̬Ĳ˵һ仰
Լ¾֮ϡλԸݣλϻһҳָӡ
İѸٹȥˣĲյȫԱͬ顣
ѾǧǰˣѲɻҪٸϻȥ
ĲѾæȥӴһˡ
ţЩ˻ڸۿҽͣ죬۲Ƿ߲ǴӱЮǰݵˣϼпЯŴצ󡱵߲ټӣزһȻҪҽݸ۲졣
ȵȷʱߺ󣬾Ϳ걨Լһ֮ݳ˫ѡص㡣ġͷγȵȵط
˵Щ˵жԸɷģ
κýѵõ£˸ɴһ·̵һӦۡ
޷ȷҡҡͷ
Ҵǰ˵˼ϵĸĸѡжܹʶŮƽȵġ˸Ƕġν峣ȫɡ
̾˿ϣЩϣںϡֻеȵһӳˣĽЩ˼ɨֽ
ҵǾû׸ıһˡЦ㿴ʱ䣬㳯ϦദӰ룬ɲӰˣ
ûЦ˶˵ڣ
кβá㡲ΪȻ龫ǣķѪݣò׽һƶ֮شķ˶֪Ż׿Խײ׹⻷Ҫʥ͡ʱ˶֪Ҿڣǳĳ߳Ҹܸɣ
û㡵ĵЦ෴ģǸ
ݱصĹɱݳʱ޷ƽ裬شѧѾʼҵĴӪι̡
أͷֵ÷׷ţȴ͸类Ⱥǻŵķ⣬ܾǰݵӿҪͷˡ
ʲôʱҵȽδȡԼĴӡСھѵľΨһȱǽ١ɲʵս㽫죿
˷ˣ
ΪĿһۣǴǰսںϡӦ¿δŷٹһ꣬ƾкϷ˿ܳûˡҵҪ翪ʼ׼ˡ
룬ȻҪʼΧ˺ôɴຣ½аɡݸȥԽطɽ˺УǿȴСɲӿʼ𡣡
Щѧˣ
㡴սζߣȵĺڶϣԼĪǱʱʱƾٶľˣûɫƽҪģеѪΪ˸õ졣
ЦЦģҾǻ·Ͻ˷ҴӣϽ˷ɸԽӡ
ҡҡͷսԭŲͬ壬ұǰ߶ս
㡺һԼӲԼȫ˵Ҫ־øⷳꡣ
ã̾˿κõĿ⣬Эˡ
ҴӺϣȥ½ؽ˷ˡ
㡼һͱ˵Ŀ⿴Σһ㶣ȫûʲô
ݸϵ˼٣еļֻ˵ŻҲûݣǽȪݸ۵Щ̴Щֻݿɸԣˡ
㡻ڳé®͸ȥսЩ󺣿ǡȥϽ˷ȻȫһЩ
ξϣͬ¡
á
㡳һʱзˣһ̨㸹ĿԶȱɱĿԸ
㡵Ȼϣѡȫһ
лҪ˵ⶫ̲ݣͿʼҹѻƬʵ۵ûʳһ˵硣޷ۡ


77 
뿪Ӧۣ½صصĽ𼦴塣
سֳһְ뵺ĹܣȦٺεĴн˷˼ƻ֮ǰͿʼ͸ء
ȵ˽˷˼ƻ֮ѿƵԱΪ˽ظڴ˵֮䳣ΪֹǶֻٽݵİء
Ϊһǰأζ׽Խ߷Χ֮ڡ
һһ磬ͬʱ˸
һγĴһ˵ǸʵǸСһЩĺ״֮⣬䱸Ҳɽʲôڴ˴ȵȡ
⼸һֻӵá
ֻӵʱοʷϵĸĺĽãٸԼֵµĴзһֻӾͻ߰ǧӡһСĸ˰˽зϡ
վڸ߸ߵļװϿǰ鳤ϴĲӡ
ף쿪ʤζֿף
Цףƽ
Ȼ޷Լĵǣζⳡս۵ָߣǾǰֳһ
ҪָҪжȡ
˿컹ڹûʱӦһ֮СѾ˼ѹʼһ졣
ϺסӦ۸һͿӦ۴ӾۼѾֲˡ֪ٴδӳ˱Ƚ϶డ
Ҳû룬վɸĻȥˡԴݷˣҲùˡ˹ĻǮСҲѧ顣
Ϻһ뵽ЩǮ㹻֧źӵ鱾ѣʱٱ
ƳϺδӳе˺ܶ࣬ϰΪĸࡣ
Ҳɴӳԭ֮һһʱս˷ˣӳĶסðϰߡ
δнٶȺܿ죬ڽ𼦴ֱġ
´ĶǴźɫﱳŰˡƾˡ
ԭǹʲôɫֻȾɫˡ޿κΣֻȫ¶ʹͬһɫľȵͬɫľ
ֺɫƷɫô֮⣬ʵáֻǼ·ϵΣʵͼöǻ˴Ǯġ
ȻεһپҵרŴٽŮҵķ֯
ģɫĺۡ
Ǵž𼦴ˣܹصĴ̸Ц䣬ڷ棬ٽܼȥӦȻԸǵ½ֻ۱ֻۡ
ɾ̽ѾɳȥˡȫƿƳʷԽĸ׳
˿ͳһڽ𼦴εĶʮΪһ飬Ϊһӣ֧飬СӳͬһͬۼڴС
ڼԵĸʪڡʱ·ݣǡ꼾ûһͿʼ±ꡣ
·ӿݣһŲȥֻ
꼾صһ£Բʺ̡ʶʱٷͣҵĵ
ѡʱȻΪ˳Žٷҵ˲صʱǳһҵ
죬ˣ
ųеĸɾ¿ʵסˣĻȫǲҶʳΡһ꣬ʧǡ
ɾǰͷи弣
Сڴﺰ˻ߣ¿ӵ¿ӣĵøϽϷˮӡХ˼Ҵҵıǰ弡
磬˵ǲɵɽҰǰͷи弲ְɣ
ڵĵطǸɽ꣬ͽɽͷǲ弾ͽڳɽĿϡ
˿̣ɽһſŶʮũҺӡ
ɵ𣿡ͷĺӲ׳ʵݾݵģϲûиһвɫ
ۿѾҪܵɽˣͷĺӴһ˳ȥ
ʮһȥͷҡֱһũߴ͡
ͷʮ˶ɵˣֻ֪㶵Ŀš
ͷЦһϵͷ¡
սļ죬ʮʬ塣
ͷӸʮ¹һء
ǹٸٸͷӵɴ˫ĿǵŭؿڷڣӸƴˣ
ˡ
ĵûںӵԴͷԴһۣ˫ĿɵöѪﹷֻ֪Ӱգﹷֻ޲⣬Ѫ
Сӣ֪ӹٲǺ
µĺС鳤¾ݣȥʱ򣬾Ǹųеĸɾ
ڣĳСһСġڴбѣ֮ڳĹٷȻȻ¶ˡ
Ķн˷ˣ˷˵صصĲ۰ˡ
ޣ
¾ˣϣͦй
Ǳ𵢸ʱˣͷеǹ͵ȥأ鳤ɹ⿴ͷӣͷȰɹ¾Ϊӹ·ˣ׼ȥ֪ˣ
ͷӶʱͲˣĹƨƽûɹ¶
¾Цһ̻ˣ
ͷֵµۿٸûжӣʱǵһθɡ˴磡
Ȿһֻ˶ԼûǻʶķжϣһֻĽٷ˶Ӧǵһθ¶
¾Աʹ˸ɫԱǸ˷ֿ¼ڹ
¼ڹĻӾǴԷ˵Ȼ¼ֻҪԷϿڣʼì֮һĿȻپ˿ڹĽԱȣòͳˡ
ǽ𼦴帽ʯͷĴͶ·ȥˣֻͶʯͷɽɽˡ
Ǳʱڣ˵벻ߡȫԴνıѡ
εĻߵǺˣΪ˶ĿһЩȻߵ½ˡΪ˽أسһɽ˺е·
·ԴһЩɽξ͵ýѡΣɽ̺ͰվܻΪ󡣲εҵԽҲɽ˵ҪԽԽࡣ
ɲɣɽ̰ᣬ˽ľ档
ڰͶɽĶٶռϷֱѵˡƫƫνǰСġһܴ
ʯͷɽɽ˼׳ֲ˹ϷֲƻɴϵӴɽӣܴٵùãٲҲνҲǡ
λ벻ȥ
һڷ˵Щ⶯
Ϲ˵
¾ЦЦͷӼȵȰ˱ͶٸֻһҪ󣬴ҵʯͷɽɽ˵ѣʱұضסһ
Ѿкü⶯ԥԥ˵ġ
ͷӲûܰѻ˵ꡣͷ­˵ϣ˫ĿﻹãȻ
ȥȥ
ң
ȿֺǶũ˳ƽһθɱ˵Ļƾͱ׽ˡֻǸͷӣǱɽżӵĹ߷
յα֮ǰϵѾиˡԷᶨΪǽٸƶֱ׳ʮ㣬ڼΪӢۺú
¾ĺ޲֮£û֮ǰնȥˣҲֻݻܹҵ˼
Ǳݣ߲
һ֮ǰ˶յϼ֪֪ͨǴΪ˽˷ˣп֮ǰÿ˶д飬Ρ
ɾˡ
󲿶Ĳֻһֱ׺ں档
ʮܱŵƨԶӿЩװ룬ʽףȫѩĸֵͳ|ǹйģĳ
ëаԵĹپһ٣֪Ƕл北ܰ˴Ѫģ
Щ˴Źٸ·ǹپʲôʱپܾˡٶվɽϣΰֲңµûκһ˵һ仰
ëӵͷŬҪݴİһ
ˣ
ˣѾϡЯĻҩƷ
ε˵ͷ鼴̹λһ˾͵ֱʯͷɽǰ


78 
ʯͷɽɽɽеһ෴ģһСƬɽеһƽƽ棬һɽкɫ
ΪˣβҪѾ˼·ΪɽҲΪǽѵʱǰѶڲû¶Ľ˷֮ǰβκθٵľٶ´ݾߡ
Ǵ·ˣˣ˴ڸӵɽ
ʯͷɽǴɽԶٷҲ̫ܴűôԶ·
ǰˡëӰͷ˻е㶶
ǰɽ岻ߣδ¿˿ƺֻ߰˰׵ꡣ鷳ǣʯͷɽĶ棬мһӡ
鷳ǣʯͷկկԶԶȥΪߴεһկŲֱ̣ӽɽϡҲ˵˵ֻҪסһկţܹסеоա
ɾǺ˹ھġʷ˵
Ϊ̾ɽ˾ȻԭϪĻԼһկӳ˵ǺӲ̫̫һл塣
ֻҪ˵˺Ҫǿжɺӣضᱻկϵ̽֡
ЦɽǾȻҲԼǻۣڳɽˡҲҪµĵһӲӡ
ǳʱߵĲ·ɣ
ëüһͰ͵˵͡·
üկŹӴ̡ͨԱŸȫկšկϱضƵСſԳû
ɳկžǻկӡӣз㣬ԼҲһӱżɽСҪɽټϱʱڣ׼ŵϵĵŶ÷
ɽǾȻҵôߡ
Լġ
Σ
ɻб·ܹɽ
áëӶҡҡͷ
Ҳǣոɽãһɽһû̫˽ɽ˵ĵι졣
ƫƫǲܹǿӵģկŽΪʵ־Ӹ¡һʸεȥ
ȻˣǾֻܵȵ˵ˡ
ҹɫӵļ졣Զ·կϵļ˱ʶ֧䡣
˰죬ʲôûС
˵ǲǳ¶ˣɽһ˵¶ⶼˣô
ʱֻܹʱ䡣
áͺԼϡٵķ˰ɣһϵӻһ
ݺݵس˿̵ޣ
Ҫˡ
ȻûʲôͺԼĪͷ٣ûͷڱζʹرʹ
һ˶֮Ȼһ͵̽ͷȥ
˭
ҪӰֻһҪϮˡ
磬ǶëӰ
ëӺ˻ߣҽȥˣˣ
ѹûŶ԰˵ʲô¶
ëӶͣҪװٻƭţɶëµúܡٲǿɱȷ˵¡
Ҷ˵öԣǹٲǺİ
Ϲٲˣˣٲ͸ں棡
ҹɣڼžĳҹͬ绮ҹա
ͺͷһ飬ȼ˷
Ѹתڳ˯ȡֵĵᵶկš
ǰ˶ëӿһˡ
ʯͷկĴ󵱼⣬ȴûӵˡë˵йپںͷʯͷɽԳȥһɽ壬ҹģûˡ
󵱼ңйپˣɱ˶磬ҪƭšëվںϣҪϵҲңƭ󵱼ҵģ󵱼ҵģҾң
һм˶ëӵĳۼͬǰͷڵϣЩŹٷͬ޳ո˶ëе
ò׶İѻ˵կϵĴ󵱼üͷ˼˼ĸǰȥ
ŵŦ֨֨߸ڸںҹȹ˵š
һſˣëӵɱȥʪ˿ӣΨһ֧ܹʯͷկصһȫĵط
ԽԽëбŨҵĿ

ëӾҵţûܽկӣկ˵Юǰȥ̽·
Сǰߡ˻կӾһСλϣžǶİɽһΰɽʲôûС
ëӣپĶ
Ϊ׵ѾܲͷˣҪ꣬ԭӦڱȣܶ
˵
ҲȥҲȥ
ëƴұѹپǾԼܹկţ˴󵱼ҹپˣǹ
ҪȥЩپȥģƭ˹پ
һëͺܷŧپʲôµģǸҸүүҶֲɣ
ǱԶͬٽʿһ˺ҹɫʵϣǾͣڰɽϱ࣬ӲԶ
һȦƨûһ
Ŷëӻȥˡѩĵ滮ĲûܰԼһ仰˵
ôôã
կϵѾЩˡŵһȥء
ٷԸŻȥһθСŵ㣡
ŻҲǸˣתתĵη壬ظ󵱼ұ֤ضŹپĹͷ
ҵǣŻҲûл
󵱼ûɳǰȥ̽аΪֻܹ֮ȵ
ҹҾŵ㡱󵱼Ҽɫ˭ҺȾƣӰƤ
˷׷Ӧͣ󵱼ҷկڣϢϢ
ò׹һ죬һеˡž
󵱼ҵģپˣ
կӶʱƻͨ˼ææȥկſһԭŶһȥٵɤӺˡ
ģ󵱼ҷŭޱȣ趼ڼˣ
󵱼ҵģҪǶˣǺó˻կӡ
󵱼ҿ۷ԵȻ֪ƫƫ˳ȥɽﵽжٹپɣɳȥ˸ز
ΪֹɽѾʧʮˡͷǼȫƽĸ
鷳ǣǰŶǰȥٵÿһʱͱկǰ棬˻ߡŴ󵱼Ҿǣ
һģһկſھܣûܶԶؾͱһɱ
һε壬Ӱڵ˵ͷ
ʯͷկԶֹˣ°ŮԼҾ졣ĵ֪پж٣Ҳ֪پΪͻȻҪɨʯͷկ
˽վپ󵱼ϸֳһַеĲ̣ɱٻɷһ飬·𿴵Щپӡ
˼ȻѾأٴʱʱðԼˡ
λ󵱼֮ʢɴկŲԶ˸ЪϢʱֵı䶯
ϵĽƣϵģŻѶԷֻܹԷһվںӶ档
󵱼һԷŪˣɶԷƫƫվڼʸ֮⣬ֱ翴üŵĲӬ˵úܡ
󵱼ҷúܣǼעŵ㡱˵꣬󵱼ҷط
ģһģ˼ˡֹ󵱼ҷկܹЪϢи߲Աܷ
ΨկŵСආһԼʲôʱҲܵˣҲÿɫܹ˯þһɴ۾Լעͱ󵱼͵¸Բ
ƫƫиʱ򣬽һԭͽǸӻڳɤӿధǷȥ
öҲľˡǵ˶ʱЩڱ˯ĶɳѲߣȻеļ˯
İɽһ㶯ûУȴһսկϵĺü˾ͷи
ˡʷ˵
ε˵ͷм߳
ǯDˮ֮뺣ǱɣССĻկˡ
ڸҹɫ£һβ㣬Ǳ˻կڡеĶڸǸӵ
عԭǲŮΣԶССĻկӡϹľ¿ϾܹǺӡڻǩֶ
عСܿ˺ӵ׵ǩ֣˳˰ϰģ󺰴еĶӴ˸ƣԷʱԽ
Ȼʹˮٺãڵ鲼Сģ˵ֽűǩˡ
ɺӵĹˣû˵ֻˡ˽ŵױˣֻСȥ
կŽɽϣȻ֤կŵĽʵĳ̶ֳǵկҲǵҰ
Ȼһعȥ࣬Ȼɽھ赲˶Էߡ
ع˿óŵĸ䡣ǸûпǹöԷĵšһԷ֪˶ɺӡ
ҹɫ캰صĽع밫ɽӦԱһͬѸٹ˶ʮ䣬ˮԵѸ̽ľ塣
ҿĲһʱȥŵĹһɣһȴ˹˻Ǻӡ
ʱѾǸ¶صʱ˶ˣʱͣԼ
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ͳһǿӺʹǿȵѵܹ֮ӦЩΪ鷳Ĺ
һͳһĹʮҡʮͬڻһ÷ɿ졣ľկһз϶ɱȳѵʯͷͱںˡ
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ͺӲûܺһϮ֣罦ѪҺһЩµˣһһһկϡ
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ȻǡĴֻ̡Ҫ˵ҪǸϳȥƱҪԴԴϵӿ
Զ̹Ǵɢ˶εĽɱ
ȻʹˣεĶҲΪһ顣Ի率ֵڱԼͬʱܶĻɱԷ
ΪҪԭ򡣴ǰеСзֻʮ١ƫƫսҲиˣսΧͨ龳µΧȻͬ
ڻҵķ˱ЩŹپλǺɫ·ˣֱɱ˻˸źâǹͷ˵อѩĵ̾з˱
ǺƴɱȴʱעⱣͬ顣ȫɱ۵ˣжĿһ¡
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ȻЮеμҪȴȻҪվǰƴɱΪܹЧɱˣѧɱ
ҽƽܽ㣬ȫУ֮󣬾е˾ҪѧϰΪսϾܵؽʡЧɱ˵ˡѧϰ߸ĽֱΪֹɱ˵ķڴ嶨͡
Ҫѧñ˶ҪáֻҪܹսѣܹӵбסսѵ
ֽпǸ˵ؿڡѾ̫֪Լɱ˶ˣֻ֪ɱճѪҺڵϣֻҪɱһ˾ܹһ
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У㣬׳Ҳһ߰ʮ˿̣һٶ׳˼˴
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79 
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ʯͷկ̾˵ض꣬ᣬԼ棬ӸͷĿѳ
Ǽ֮ͻᱻͻݳʵ⡣ƻ鷳ǴԱ
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εͷʯͷկǰǿյأԶկšƬյҲǵս
ﱻˡŮףӦоС
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һɨʮŮ²壬۵׾ǲֻľȫûеüپϲá
ʾүһɫҰףȴֳһֹ̺ɫǹ˷ܣʣµ˻ô
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ŶԷãȻ̾˿͵˵ԷжôڶӵĹɱᱻд̡
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֣ʻŮӿЦǰЩŹٷɱ˿ܵˣĿ˸ͷ
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ЩŮӰȥҹҶæһޡθŮع˸ɫع߰˸ŮӵзЩĥŮ˼䷿ȥˡ
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ТܼҵĴӣչԼĴӡȻ֪ܸҪȥΪλľ޶ѡ
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ϴۿ»еĸ׽͵Ӧ۵ĴֻǵĴֻǵĲͬʹͬǸ䱸Ļǡ
˵ϴɫΪءֳ꺣ˣһϢͨķʽԴݵǸӦ֮˶Ӧ۵خ·
ûв͸ǽΰȻ֪Ӧ۵Ҵӵһǰخ˻Űġ
ҵĴֻԼҴı־ûκα־ľǡҰҰ˭˶ܹٵġ
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ҵĴԴǼһ꣬ٶǴѧˣֻϹŰӡ
˷׷ϳҡ족˽ֳҡ
ֵϴֻûзŴı־һѾԹһο˻ظͬһ
ΰܵľòԡ
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ǴӲŰģһҲν


80 
㡵ĴֻڱⵣƮ죬һëûš·ĴӲǾ־ǿһ˫ʵԱȣֻѡԶԶܿ
ˣŰĴֻ𣿡
ģվڼװԶԣ˵ͷ϶ˣƳٸҲǳе¶
֮Խ޶ѸŰΪȥ˽ŴĻϢ֪Щֻ֡
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ԭ˳ڻһͣµĴԱֻҪܶģԼֵܵʬ壬ǿĿ־壬ҷ緫Ĺҷ緫תת桭
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ӢĴһֱǳģռݣֻǰӢһֱδšһҪĵš
ӢݻǷ伫󣬼Ϊ֮Ϊ࣬Ϊ󣬹ĳҲΪ佫
һЯʮ˹ǻҺλʿ̸Ρ㡽Уǽ涼Ƿùǻĵط
һһĽǻͽ¹£źã˳ȥ
սʮ˾ΪҵȰʡڳİպʿ˵ҵȻ羴ǡ
սߣ޿쵽ʮþͶѧԺʱһ
⣬ݸΪӢ˺д֮˽Կܰ𹩷䡣
Ը˺ݳ³ƽ
ݳ³ƽ
κվǰۼǿʼʿһ𺰿ںţ鵽ǵأӲβ뵽뻮һ
Ŀںͬķֱ
Ц
ǵľҪˡʱҪԱƫƫвĵͼֹġʱ䣬ξȻֻеǧˡ
ռӢһΪƳвĹۿɼĸнͶڽʿʵĸǰܻҫʹҲܹӢ࣬˵أ㹻ðھϲΪĵͼ
Ǿ͹ˣ
էҪʼˡ


84 
֮ǰǻȰյѽڸˡ
ҹڵĹְԱ󲿷ֶüظλ㡶⡣ǲŻ֮ǰݼ٣ڸˡ
˸Ҫһڴ󳼡
ʱɽڽֵѾŵƽʡ֯ˡյĻԶǰḻ֮ΡҪȥͷŵ֮˿Ը߸˵棬ǻûظ񣬷⡣
ݸõĴãνƽ˿ᡢ칫ڴ˴
ڵĹٸԱӡ
ѧԺʷԽص֮⣬һһεĹְԱӱĹޡˡ
õԲ˼ǵۿȥѧԺĺͷѧԺɳļμ
˵ǸλĻǸ㡻ġΪʹѧԺϵһѡȥ˹һ
û֪̾һжΪǸŮӡʹһͶ˾ʱȻѡ㡡
ѽڣλԭڼ޶СԲֻǸҪأڴԲƾһлλЩڸ
վ裬һ˵꣬Сһ˰ģҲ֮
ѧԺ㣬Ŀǰ˾ѿƵҦˬ˳ɨ˵ò鱨ʶջ޺簡
ξ֮㡵ϡ
ӹÿһˣл˺ͷˡ
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лˡ
Ӧ˷Ц
ĵ룬ǶĻôξǸߡУнէʱǺûʮǿˡ
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Ҧˬһ飬ˣ
Ŷ˾к£
ʶ˳˾
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û˵һҰ˳ûһ
ˣԣ·ˣϸǵӢһֵ࣬˵Ӿƣȥ·ģܡ
飡
ҵһ豭ɫ̰ף·Ǿˡ
˾ˡ㡳ˣ˾ȥѾơ
ʿק
ȵȡԲ˵κȻڣž
ʲô˵꣬زҴšθ¿ӣ̧ͷǰɵվŵ
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¹һʱˡɤӣھˡ
㡿Σʾʿɶֹֻǿ㡣˲ʹ˰ݡ
˾ˣֻǾƺ԰
Խ˻ػ¾²˾һ˵ԡ
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תֻԷɫΪѿ
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ܹ֮̿ǸݰϼǸȫΡ
ϧˣĬĬ̾˿ζˡϾҪУ׼´ңνշҪⲻɡ
ʧ̬ȻްڼȻѾˣ罫û˵Ļ˵ЦҲôƷһ
ĪҪ̫
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ҵ֪˾˵ʲôڿ˵ˣȫĿʱϡ
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Щͬǣֻ˰̬ǰЩϾǾȻ֣̿еһ۹۱Ǳǹģ޹صӣеİԾԾԡ
ô˵ҲµĲ𣿡Цɫºͣƺŭ
ҵҲΪ˴˺롱иӷʵ̽
ζȥ˭˵ġ
Ҹ¿࣬ƶϧ
Ḷ̌ҿѧԺнࡱ
սҽ˷ɱܣԡѪս
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˭ǴλΪԼԶ˵ġָָ㣡
ȫѻȸ
˾ǬߵĻ㲻˵ˡεʵڲͬŮƽ۵ģȥϵۣձЩ˵Ľˡ
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ҵȡҲǿŮӡͼԲǵ塣ⲻТ޺Ϊһ̯̳ܵС
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赭дһ仰ըס
ô᣿
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ļ˶Ĭ¹µģΪݸӶˣΡ
ʶµİ
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λҪ⡱Цеķǡ
¹Ǿáԣ˭֪Լ᲻սйʱм̳Ȼܹȶġ
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Ҹ֮û־أ

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ڻУȴţȻ޴־ǲ֪λ־ںη
λο£
ڲ廰ˣѻתһ
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ۿȫΣԽȷԣ˼á
ܹѡйʵۣáܹȻλ꣬˼
湻ð
ĳһ䶼ЦĹãͲһӶûˡ
ҲЦʵǶڻʵۡ
ȫˣλʵִֻԼԽԽԷΨһǵúãô궼ڳбƽơ
һһй̾ҪһǶԷ̳겻ϳȴȻܹλķҲΪ⹷ƨĵֱʹõϣٿ¡
ۿҲ˵ʲôŵ㣬˸ӳĬˡ
Ȼλڻʵûпұ˵˵ҵĿɡ赭д
λпѧԺοα
еĵͷеҡͷ
Ӧ죬ν̹һʱ䣬ѧԺ˽˵ġ
ָֻ඼Ҫˡ
Ŀһۣοαдţ֮ҲΪ
˾𾪲ѣ˶οαģ㿴˶ҲΪⲻǸԸǸںŰˡ
ɣֻ´ң
ǻƵĸ֣ȻǸųֽëˣҲ֪Ǽʵġ
˼Ϊľơ㡲廰ˣ赭дȻԼڷףǹӦÿһҲ˵ʵ۵ԱǴġ
ȫżҶ״ˡ
ɱһκɣĪе塣㾡֮һ֮֡̾˿ΪԭǴġ
Ĩ˰оԼû˯ѡ
Ц˳ۼü˺ݺݵԼһ£е˱ꡣ
λҪ㡵𣿡
òáګګӶµģ²Ϊ˵ǻôûþͲҪˣ
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ʱûòȷƵ
ȵȣƣ
ͷһȣβǻô˭пܽǵİ࣡
ѪҺڷڣֻȺģ̧ͷͬţֻÿһ˶ࡣ


85 
㡶һۣ֪ⳡϷȻѾĻǾζðѻ˵ˣͻͬʳǹڶӶݸһ顣
˵ʲβ룬شǰԱΪսͶЩСƫƫֲ
˾λӴݵԱټοо飬ڰѼιܵ߰㡣
ϾеͶģѧԺģ󲿷ֶǱƵ˾·֮⻹һΨ²ҵͶӼҰļҡ
ˣλһյˮ侲侲
˱һͨң侲ˡ
ȣҪȷϿҪ˳ûһһ빰㡺εʵ۵Ļ߾ҵûǰ;ġ
ҡͷ
Ҳ֪⻰ڰʣɸߵȻҪߡգְõ˶ǩְԼʾ֪ԼͬŮȷԼκˡ
ֶƽʱûã˳»ͷõġϾԴǩԼڸùʾҿŮӵ˴١
ȻˣұֱԲˡ㡻ܣƽûơ
㡵Ȼ֪Щʲô̫û¶ƶ£Ҳô֡
Щ˸ͷģȻҢ˴һơ㲻ϮĻʵۣҲһѻʵͷ˵ЩǸλ봫Լӱ׼Ҳа
㡴˻һڳ˻ȵķΧʱȥһ롣
û˭Ϊʲôƣֱװ׵ı¶Ұġ
еĴȨ߸ǲڵġĿǰݶΪڸƣԱΪˣ׸һˣθһˣ߲顣۹ְߵ͡С˾һƱ
ĿǰΪֹܹôⲢҽܵƶȣΪǴӴڸݻġ
ʵ۶겻ϳڸȴתĳ϶ԣڸǾʱ俼ģҲ˽ܶߣκΪĿǰΪֹ߿Եİ취
ֻڸ޷ûκĹ涨ܹ䶯κͼȥȨٽڸƶȳ
׸θȨ൱Ҫ׸кãʵģҿ׸ƱθƱ⣬ִƹų٣ҲƱ
ڳ˷׷׵ͷ˭֪Լ᲻λӣǻȨ
ҡͷ˵ֻҪ׸θ֣ƱѾռһϣıûˡ
㡲׸ζȨ޾Ρ
㡶ԣķθ֮ԡϱӸ׸ɵ㲣ȫΪ̫أҲΪȨأ˹ڦ
ķθ֮Ҳûж˻š
⣬׸һʮ꣬಻Ρһ䲹䣬װѴҵˡ
ⲻǲ飬ܹó׸ƣȵҪƶɸʱֻԽԽࡣ
󲿷˶޹ˣϾܸɵ׸ĲǼɽĳʵ̫ˣֻƻȨĿѣԡ
ʹܹ֮㹻ʷˣ
ڸԽ˻ѾֱΪֹûء
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ѿͷҦˬĬԣ΢ЦǸ˿ЦǵûУЦúëʣ}ûš
ڸǲҪй¶̸ݡ
˷׷׵ͷʾ֪
õͷҪģڴ˺᲻йܣǾ˵ˡ
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ɫƽ˶޵ҵĺ꣬˿Լողŷס
չҪڸǰٰʽһԸؼԲԸݳԸĺ
˿̸öԳȥĹ㳡ŵƽʣͼˣȫյʽġ
ʽƵģҪͷȻӢڼӢ飬ž衣
Ӧ÷ڹʱ򣬵ǽҪξϷŹκһʿ˵ĳϡ
ͬѰߣٽʿʽֵҹ䣬򡢻ȼ֮½˵ӳյͬաۣͷ棬ִֵۻ롢Ӹվޱȵܴ֮ѼףΧȺкá
΢Цǳ⣬ʽƾΪ˼ǶʿܹǵӡٰܹնڽʿǵηС
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һ·ϣ˿⴩Ʋ㣬ѾǼΪʵɫ
̲סЦ˳ҿúӵ𣿡
ϵһѾһһѣһѣеı򷭣󲿷ֱմʪ类ݲйѾغӵʼĴ̸ɫӵƣ档
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ο˿úӵƣ˵Ҫ㡣С̽ǲǡң


86 
һζӳ£ΣҲ֪εҪĸ𰸡
Ĭ˰Σ׻˵һǡ
㡾ǸҵˣȻˣǾ̹̹˵
ֵˡֻŮ֮ϱȽϳٶֲۣɵӡĴԼ棬ǸȾ£ǷźӵƣڻǺ֮еĽ޸С
һƣβǰ㡶ΣȻһûùζڽԻҡÿÿűضһЩϵСγѧѵЩ꣬㡳䵱ʦ
μǵԼʱ̾㡹˼ֱС֮ôš͵Ĵñ˳ëҲ˼ܾ㡵
ڿ飬ʾá
ȵȣϲĻǴǰ㡶ǴѣĪڡ
δ㶵Ŀ㡣ͷΣĿﶼż޵İ
αһϾҲǶѣֱӾܾĻ鷳ηԼе㲻ľܾˡ
ʲôʱʼģ
ĺɻǵʶãദҲںȴ֮⣬˼ûйгദʱȫ㲻ʲôʱϲġ
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΢΢ЦһֻҪûȷܾͻлء
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̾˿֪Լ㡵ģǵָ㡵ֵ㡶ء
ͬ࣬㡾Ȼһֱֱ˯ûа㶯ֶšʹͼչֺΣҲѵԼ·ϰˣ㡵ҩԶȷ졣Ҫ·ǲ˰ҹĹģܻӿٶȣ
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Ѿôಽˣһòã
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87 
̫죬ݵ̨硣
˵ʮ·ԭ̨ĸ߷ڡ㡱˵̸ˣѾüûˣؼҶ˲ϡǵ÷ͷǰȥˮʩµֶǰոȣ֪ͨۿڴֻ췵
ѧʮѧñɳȥڱ̨֪ʶ
ȥЪŰɡڴ˯СŮ
СŮԵɵɵۣҡҡͷҲ
̾˿֪ӻеİ
κ㡸ӸŰһµظմŴ̴̵â䵽ֱȥõˮһ߼ˮһ߿и
ϣֵȥŴԱһͬӲ촬ķ̨繤
˶ܼ尾һŲմصæһ£ȵôҲû˼ʲôȨ׸
ֻȥ˯
һµ֣õ˰մԹʮڻ㱨Ļɼüͷ̨һʧΪء
Ԥֻʮ⻹˰£ũҵʧ̫ˡ
̨ıʮգʹݾڽˮλǣҪѾ˲ˮʩٵĿࡣ
ô롱ЦһĿҲǴһСˡ
Ϊռೣʶ֮⣬ռء˿Ϣﱻ٣ƾٸֺؽ½綨ر߽磬Ķղ˿
һ󹤳̰̾ѡ
ǽҪץֺؽͻƲˣ
ǵģλˡΧˣ÷ַһ׶ε񣬡˾Լ˾ͬɴ˴Ķղ˿ڹҪʱȫơȿ
⣬ʷλҪͷץǵϹأֻѡǿ彡ֵõӡ
ҵ˾ءԽ̨»ָ
֮⣬˾ܺεѹ󣬱ض˳û١
̵ͷǡΪмĿһۣȻ֪ܺڰġ
Ȼðλһƣֱλۣ֮ݣ淨ٲȻ
˵¼ڵֺ̨ҿͨǿ͵õľִʩ˵Ļô뿪֮ƬؼѾǰҰˡ
ⳡش̨һͬ½ĻμˮĴ𣬲ʡݣʮ
֮ǰֺƵƵʳͶȱƫƫʱѾǾµˣ̾Ҫ޷ʳİѸٿʼ
ҡ
鷳ǣ͢Թ˲ϾˡΪڵ󣬾һ쳣ը
Ǵšĵطⳡ֪ıըֱ˴˳ˣԲʮﾡ촷ۡ
θ¹塢ʷκȻڼбСɻǣⳡը߾/塣
һʱ䣬ҥԷ׷ףĻ̡̻Ѱ޵µ˵ң˱ͯҥ鴫
ըգȫ𲨼һ֮ɽֺı֮ޣưҰ
Ϊ鷢ˣʵۻˡʵ۶Ϊʲô߰Ķԡ̫ҽĵҩƫʿǾ׵ɵѰ׳ҩÿղϵġ
˵ʵʵܰʮ궼ûȥζò˼顣
ʷЩϢˡձ֪̫֮λʵһԣֻ»еĺأ
ͷôڣĹҪ
ʷӳزϣԿʼˡ
߰ɡʷۣһǰͷӳ
֮Ĺ㳡йԼˣũ˰Ƚϵͣݵóսϰһѹ
˿̣Ĺ㳡ȫˣѹѹһƬ
ڣݸڶʽʼһʿһģ⣬иɫڸǰ˴
ע⣡ʮ彡޲Ⱥ÷ɱжӶŮñ
ǰǮӳ˻ߣ
Աߵһӳ̵٩ǮⱻˣͲһ
ȥȥȥϹˣˡ
ǰʮŴӣǰ˻Ĺ㳡˴˻վʹִʩٵضֵ޷ȥʱ򵱱Ҳһ·
ᡢǷΪӶŮʲô
š٣죬硱еͣûʲô
ǰǮӳѾϰ˵ͰֽͣŽŵ޴ŵӡôһףڼٸӣϰȻЩη塣
˵ûرĵط˵ܵĿ۾رʹ
Ǯӳ䷳ĽͣʱոʱҲϹپͽͣ񲻴СǸٶˣֵҲŰˣܹƽ̬һԹҷģͽŵҪ
ҡɽɽ죡
ټҩũҪɽ鱬ײҩʱ£Ҳǰξ
Ŷ飬ȥǶŶӣһ˴ȥԡԹ˾顱
սսĽӹƣʶرʵд֣ȥϹѧҹΣ֪ʮߡ
Сֵܣ˰
ٸյطͷѾۼһˡֻˡ
ǸƸƵģһȥѶĵ
ȻѾʮˣλ͸߰ɡһصǾԽڵĺ֣ÿÿҪɽԽ̽կš֮ģʲáһʯͷկľ
ˣλϸɡܣҳ˵ǰͷһյģпܻ˳Ļü
˻һʱȰ˼ԥԥġ
ٿ˿ǰɽߣҲ㶸ͣǸնյꡣͱȣѾǺõˡ
ǾȻַ˻ߣϥۣаȫźʵĻߣһ
ȻˣǾͿʼɣһ飬ҵһ£һʼ̿ʼɽԽһֹͣʱȻ˼ʱ𣿡
ʮ˷׷׵ͷ
ʼ
ֽŲã뷢˲ϱˣֻǰնɽľ飬һϳ塣
ȶ嵽ɽʱŷ֣Ȼ˱ǰ棬ǸղǸ׳꺺ӡ
´׳ʮߵΣ٣ֶʮΡվɽ֮ļƷԱһһ¼ʱ䡣
УǵĳɼƷԱһѰֽŵݸҪ֮ڳɼϰӡ
ٵ飬ӹֽһǰѾһ֡
һϲֽϾȻǳɼǰġֿЦֻҪã׵ҲΣܵþ鱾ѣȥѧѧˡ
Ƴ£ºĹ㳡ǾˡƷԱһ䣬ʱĻ븴ˡ
ٺҵͷŲɽ
ݸҪǧңһسģҲȻûس޲彡ġЩ˶Уһֵѵ
ȻǻѪ֮ݵһ̷ߡ
лҪ˵ξ䷢һش𼶰˼ϣʡأ˿ڳʮ򡣾˵ɽϱĵԴȥ㡣
ըҲ䷢һشը䱬ըԭֱΪֹûһȷеĽͣ쫷硢ʯ𡭡ֲ²ⶼСΪصڱը˻ȫǳ//壬ըȻ֮֮һ


88 
ݱ˿ղ顢ĶҲûݵصʿӴ˵ˣҶͨũ˺Ըũ˵
һɵĽУʹżвҲܹٻص졣
˵ڽӽķչ죬ôǬʮ꣬ѹˡ
Ǭʮʮ³ģǬۼݱ
ͬʮ³ڸƾٶ֮س½ǻΪ⡱
ţı棬Ѫ
ͬһգͻƴͬߣֱ뾩
ң֮£µǻ֮ӳƽȷӣǰ㶼ꡣ
ڸƺʲֵӡھ֮ŭšڣΨڽգ
ʮ¶ʮ壬ƺսݣսʧݡ
ͬһգ֮سͻЯԮ
̶գˡ
ʮһգƽسʲӭƽۻؾڴ˿̣ķʷдˡֱ衷ϳ³ƽʮ״
سŭⷽʷƽھĲֹԱسãԼȵ۵ղּ̫ӣ֮ӽˡӯڳΪɱΣҵȵ۱ӣ֮£Σ¡
ΪҷΪۣڵ֮㣬ɽӡĺ
֮£سھǻˡ
ӣӣ
һ໰ѿڶسɫǺ죬о׹⣬޲ܽСǧСʬΡ
Ϣŭ׸˹ϣѾ·ܹҵõһˡҡҡλεŻʵ۱꣬ϼҴڵٹ٣Я׵ľա
顪
˲Һͨһűŭĳƽ˸ţͷڵϣѪһ
޹
˳һڱŭĻʵǰʵٺòˡС¡
ȻĶˣ
سŭգɵ׻˼ǰ·
£Ͼ͵ˣѾ֪ͨ긮ǰӼݡԽСġ
س´˿ɫ𺣬ųΪޣڽϣ
һãſڵϣĻһǡ
س»Ц
ȵ˴ʱ򣬷˿ңͷѪĿֻʣʮ궼ֹ
ɶԵסɽ
˿ЦըɽսΨң̻ɥ֮Ȯӡ
һһȴûаֳ죬ЦԽɬ
խֱԽɣйؿƱز޹֮ˡ񡭡ôֻһһ
ұ³꣬ҪᣬҲҪܼҿٺʲˡҵȳ꣬ԭͲȱܼ꣬вΪ񡭡
ʯϪ۾ǵһʶ¶ͬš
Ȱɶû𣡡ʯϪŭɽΪ°սˡڱй֮ˣΪ˸ŮسãҪȫұ۵ĺ
˵ʲôعţ𢣡Ķа֮ʥ֮󣡡

˱ŭѵҶԱ²
ʯϪЦ˦ˣʲô£пܰˡ
˿ʯϪıӰɫƽޱȣԤʯϪˡ
ڸλϣ֮ʣֻ׸ˡ
ʮһ³ţƽꡣ
ʮգܸΪı棬ܸܸ֮ӾȥŮݶھΪˡ
£ܼŮŮϳܸϰ۾乫˽ŵ¡Т
ĸסܼҴ󷿳Ȼ£ʮ˻̻߶µʵǺã
˼ʧǵӡǵﳤԪվ˳Ϊ֮ƣҵ޷ģһ֮С
Դ֮䣬Ϊ߳ܣǰԺɡ
ϷȻɥֻĿ֮ɫڻˮù򾲣Ժǹٸģһҿմҵȣ
游ΪңҲ˼
Ԫɫƽ
Ϸ̾˿˿Ѿ뿪ܸ紵ͷС˶ǣָָ㡢˵˵ЦЦȴһǰʩԮ֡
ǰϷˣ
ͷʵ
Ϸ˿ǰȻֵӣӦһ׳ʿкָ̣
ҵС游ܸһ֮ǰȫⷬ顱ͷİ˵ϣĿбӵˡ
Ԫ˵¡
ϷźʵĦţ±ʹѣͷĻٶĻ䡣Ǹν֣Ĵ󶯵硣
Ҷùǹ¿
ҲˣϾҪȥˡģҲܸٵȵңҵðܸ㡣Ҳˡ
Щ¶ϣˣ¹ãؼ
һȽ¸Ů죬ٽӻԼϿ¡
壬簡ûǮûģµģҪ˶þ͵ñҪ׷𣿡
׷ˣǵнǻᵱ̣ȵһ£øǮҲΡӣϷӦѾˣǶͷȥ˾ͽǰݡ
壬㵱˹֮ԽԽͷˣ
ͷһԸֶӵԴϣɸֵĸ̾˵˵㣬֪ԣ֪ҵǽһ
˾ǰ߶ֶûĽӻǣ㵱ʱһ۾Ϳǳ֮ԥĽԺ˽ܸԼҲȥӶ˽ᡱ
壬ܱܲ߶߶ˣҶᱳˣ
ͷһ䣬Сӣ
׺ܼԶȥˡ

ڰ˼ȥֻ˵һ䡣
㡿ǰ⼸ֽֽÿһϢĿġ
ʹεİοҲûʲô飬ãĿڣɤɬɳƣɤӱɰʯĥ
游ûˡ
ĵ˵ͷ游һʣسõǻôس֮пǨŭܸѾȥܸˡ
Ұ걻游֣ȻǡûᣬƽģʵҲͦõġ
㡻ܹԼʱ游̻壬ڶҵ˼ںĲݣȻΨһϣҪͬЭи
֮ҵӣǺ²ϮҲҪعš𢣬ɨ׳Һɽ
ɤӣΡҵ游ûаǸӢۡ

ǡıס㡣֪޵ĻͿްɡ
㡱αţ뿿μͷ
ڣĸֻˡ
ء˵
ãƺܹо΢΢ʪ
ƫͷ㡵Ķ࣬ӡһǡ


89 
ּ´ļ죬˵ܸӽԱݶṦôԶȴѾɵ֪ôᱻŹ
Ȼһңʵ۵ּͼǧĴƫԶδҲ̫Ѿԣݶ㡹͹λּⲻڽۡϿǣίµ֪ǰΡ
λ֪ܴܲҵصݣǾֻ֪ˡ
˼ǣ¡λֵܿϬ
سõּҲ˾ۡϣܸΪңس´˵ҳ輰ҳʵΪ֮һַ֮ͨ󻹸ܼµӾ˹٣Ůӷ˸ھ
㡰׵˸ԽҲĹٶƷ
һīһߵ٩λһҪףһҪֱϡΰġ
أٶıʹʱѾָӣ٩Σĵӣаɡ
Цһֵܵڴõͦ죬˵ĵǹȴԶǵƤӸӲ
ңسҪУټϱߴһ̯ӵʰϱߵس»æ㡢صĿ塢еܳҡټϴ뾳ǵ壬ʱǹ˲ˡ
ΪͬεĻҴչȭŵĺʱ
īһ׫дģһ̸ʱˣµĶҲԶˡ
㡿ͷдֵΣЦӯӯķʵ㲻Ƕʼ׫дصĹ𣿡
εЦҿģûжרа
һᵽ⣬û˹ϵʱôˣ
ⲻǸոȷϵ˵ϹŮ鶯Ǵõʱ̣ôܹϴֲͬĹϵأ
޹Ŀ㡣һ˫Цͽ㡿ֺЦֺ
δҵδɣϺӣΪ˴ҵǲڴǹ֮ǰõġͨıֶθ޷ȷӡһĻУ֮ࡣ
õķӾǲԷѪյ꼶İ֮˾࣬ôһ뷨ûС
Խͷһֹ
Ϊ˷йԼľʱȥӪϰĴ˲١
ټξ˻ûߵ׶ΣĬ˼ֱ˯
ɺòȷ˹ϵǲܶףҲܿĽһЩʹֻ˵˵ΪϲˣӵǾ͸á
ڵãΪ˼շתࡣûĵģֱߣȻмӱӣ
ҲˣһӾͼӣ
죬͵Ҳطֵɣûͬ⣬Ҳ㶯ֶŵġ
бһۣװһҺӣɾ˾ӣڻҪңҲ㻳ֱء
ֲ´ǷǷĸ̾һ䣬ɾƷи߽֮ˣѰ
㡣
ǲںҲУ
ްҲ΢ЦգұضС֤ҵƷеȷܡߡࡱ
ʼ磬㡷ĺݻ˵⣺ǹصɽ˵ţٸȻʳءȵٴš
̾˿֪ǲԸ˰̡游Ϊ˵ģΪ˴뾡Ҷġ
游йְص˼ҲڴոһյĻʵۻΰܻĥˡ
Բ˳ʹɽ˵ţǾ޷ءȻѾҪǾҪҸɡʱʥַ֮޵ټܼҺ游ܵĲõɡ
ɲɣسߪΪԽҲ顣ǿǸˣҵðͰ͵ĸȥΰ
ü΢һ㼸˳سΪۣس³׶ˣس´СǼ׼˲ңһҪǿ
ͼأҪʱ䷢չġսѸٿǵӮУҲδغܴ󡱡
ҡҡͷģܳеҶѾװΪˣسµĸ󻼡
سõĶڶɶȷؼҽɽܳԣķӦֻӼҡ
Ȼȴ˿ûб˵Ѳȵʱû˹ܳΪûɹԲܳ졣سˣм֪Ѫԡ
μ䣬ȵ궼ûܳĶеȥΧˣ෴ģÿȥûʲôµʵġ
һΪмسˣأǰֻʣ³غ֮İԽ
ʵǸ뵺̬ݣռ˰Խӡ
سҪҵȣݵķǴءݡݻǹЩԽĵ롣ųԼؽĽݣֻʣ¾ݡݡ
ݹƫԶҲڶࡢӣݶءôֻʣ¾һѡˡ
飬˵سйŬйʱܸ乫ǮѲɻԸͳѣ
ǰһѸٽϣ˼ǣ׸˵ϼң˵ھĶǲ֪ԸԸΪıɢҲơˣ
㡵ͷεϬ
СһЩرռݵϢȥҪ¡׸ı¹ǳƤѻҪ£ټϵʡ㽫ҲҪһ¡׸ٴѶϼңһϵפ¶Ҫ֮ˡ
Цλ׸͵һ£˼˼Ĺҵȣֱٺòˡ
һЦѸٶ˵ȵܸ˵ִݣ󼴿̷صķ롣
һ˼ƻݿʼͬһ͵ĻѸת
Ѿɣݸʽ䵽ǧңڵĸԱ˴صϡ
ݻݷţ괺һˡ
չ¶ʵ֮ǰһ֧¡̤ݸĵ·
ֻĹɼΪӣѿơȫơҽڲֽʿ֮⣬ݻС
ֻ鱼ݸ֮⣬һȦԶ·ڽӻܸԱ޶ĸԼһס


90 
λѵλݸĹǰȥǼǻӵİȫԱ½½´һԼ˵
лλɾϷ˵л
̻һ˶񣬳ɲҡ
һǼǵʱлԱΪռɷɤţȻҪλ翪ţϽš
˵˵ʲôأŮܲأ
˱˷ιӣŮ粻¼Ϊһзնˤȣڶз˽󱻶ԷͬıƺǸʳ֮ңܼʧƣֱӱ˻顣
ţ˶˵Ǹ˷ǡʱ粴Ż˵£봹ͷ˫ĿͣûʱԵ
ڶŮϧԽĿЩڵĺҵķ˶ΨƶŮһ˫šСǡܹ֤Ů£Ǹ˼ҵĺùʲô˷ǡ
ֻ֪ͨλݲŮӲ㡱ĮݵԭȴѷģȻû⡣סȴڲˣһר˲ʵǮһٷ㽫ͨڡձϡ
ձֻͨɽأȫᷢѧѧԺøۡȵȵطݵǶҪ򼸷ݡ
һձô㣬ȫݶ֪ЩŮӵĹˡ׼Ҫϻ䡣
Ҫ˰
ѵ̾˿ЩǣҲŮˣȻ֪λʲô
ݾڣ翪ţŮӿɶ飬㿼УҲԽãٶԹҷ
˵ɫãȻģݼǻȥˣҲ˼˵Եʣ֮ǰûǵǸʲôط
ݷչóŻֻԴԴϵӿݣȴҪݡ
˵ҲùЩ˵ķӦס֪Ϊʲôܹôˡ
褣ǽ˴ȥǼǣչأǼϺڷͣ۲족
ǡ
ţҵΪҪһ𣿡
ϵʱҲˣݵؽΪλҪһ
ܼҶܳʵĲͲ⡣
˳˳ӣʾ˵ɡµ·ϣλӳ˭һûɫҲûʲôŴ
еҲУûеҲûС
һ·͸ܼҰˣ֮صССǡ
£òͷ
͸ûƵģ¹Ǽ뼮ݵİգкβͬ
ܳһҭѵ֪ҵ֪˵׾һ
һ֪ˡ
ΧʱһƬЦ
ˡ߰ɡϷɫ˪ףݺѪɫʹȡ;桢ˮ˼ǹѸٻ塣粻ǻһţ͵·ˡ
ݣϷԹôãʶݴݸͬΪ֮ƣֻһһˡ
ܳСػһַסϷˡ
һɫǰȥǼǡ
֮󣬸ڵһڹڷԼ׾졣
ĸأվϷǰ
û¾ͺãû¾ͺáϷ˱Ҫͷܿ㡣Լϡɱָ㡵ļ򣬡˰
㡵ͷϷһˡ
ܼˣΨһĿˣӼ粺͵㱻ŵ񰲣ԼһڲȥĸңĸӡŮճԪ
ĵ룬ӦѾ֪ļ޸ԪҲǶεմӦҪҸ˵ĳŵˡ
ϾԪԴҲ䡣ǲ֪ﵽôϷˣɹ޽ܼҵġ
ʮʵ֥˳粵֣ʮɣﰡʮ֡
ֻȫĿⶼϣ֪ϣֺܹʮ֣ܹʮֵշƤ쵽ҪѪֻѿ
Ǹ˶ţǧ³ڱ˵˶۷׷ס
Ҳˡ㡸̾һ䣬ƽתͷϷ˵ǰߡ
Ϊʧȴһ
ƺΪ
Ԫ⾪죬֣ͷβǸӣˮ̡ӻ̡̡ջиڵ·෷С̯ǽ֮
¡µģطȻд˳û˵ŲرݻҲ¡ɫŮˮƽ֮߼Ԫ
ŮŮڴϣĵһ໥ĻŮ֡
Χ˼ֲ֣Ǹݸģľˣ˭ר赲ߵĻ
ЦǺЩǮ˼Ҷǫ́ණҪá
Ǿ򣬻㷱ɽǸúĹ㳡Ӧ֮лУĿ̳ȥ˵طʶ֯
˳һ·Ǹɫ̡ҹɢ¹֮䣬γ˴ӲϨƵҹУֵ˼
һܣһЩĻźֻϧæڹܹ档ͬȥй䣬Ҳܹճɵ״ֹ¡
֪֮ɷҰסڵĹⱲӡ
ʮɣʮɣ
㡵ʶԼˣôˣ󲮸
帧׳ʵʮҪȥĶ
Цһ󲮣ðһԺ䡣ԺӲֻίλˡ
Ժ䣿ôˡ
Цݺ㡢ȫûλӵĳ檵ĻԺ䲻ȻĿ̩Ĳƻ
΢΢ͷƺܲ˼ԼȻô
⵹˵ٻ׬ȡȫǮݷչڣͳͳ乫ˡҲ˵׬ǮĲҵˣݸõġĿǰΪֹǵڸùнꡣ
ҵԽܶԽƶ
ˡϷ˴ԲʮǵֶѲɻҪָʮǣ
˻˵أһТﵱҲҡ
ֲ̾ߣլֱʱ䡢ıɱ
һ·Ľǰõĸۡ
ôֻʮɣأ
Ϸɻʣ㡹һǰǣԪֲڸۡӭӣȥĶˣ
ĸй£֮Ի
˻һȫž쳣
嵱üʮɣΪ˻ȥô£˾Ω֮
ѾЩˣܸһЩֻĸһ涼û
󲮸ӲŻ׿죬ݵķչҪռһĹͣΪβǰȥð칫
㡭㣬ԭݸŮӲظһ˫㡢ֳУȫǷ˸ɵĺ£
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λ󲮸֮ӣҲ
˸
ʮţǺαأһŮӰˣ񳤱ǧݣæΪѡ
ԵȡֱӴ˶ķԣһڻĬϷˣſڡ
Ԫޣ߲֮ң໥أһ·ްֲ֮㡴뵽Σ۽üҶ࣬λҪԡ
üżǰô֪λºʹ˵ʮɾǸˡʶȥһӵܳ
ܳһ죬ΪȢİ֮ˣڵ궼ܼţĸʲôͬǳһŮӣֻܲŻ𣬲ֶӵưɡ
ۿ˲˵Ҳ±ֻ̫кϯԷ
һϯʹұòǣ÷ٶԿ˲١ʳóԣԴ֮һûгԱһ˾ķˡ
ۼ˽Էϣ˹ĺ˿ڰ׿ˮϵȵĲҶʵ̫
ԪнߣӦôһ˵ĻλŮҪ׬Ǯ
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εĿҡҡͷ֪ٲȻֱΪҸʹְ
ݸԼϽĸһдпģܹϵ괺ĿˡȥùְҲѰҸ̵˷¡ʲôĲʹȫƾλ£Ҳ֡
㡵һҳ˵ǰͷ׼ƣС
ʮ´մһǰĺôԭǸƢģ֪ˣʲôݣ˼ǵ仧أ
ȫû˵ã⣬ѧʮµĺӶҪȥѧ飬ѧӷ֮⣬ǮʡЩѣһֻһٸͩӼɡ
ڻӵľ㼤СٶȷһϢ˿϶Ļظ֮ʱزСѧϣܹǺ¡
ҷ˵ǺӣǶӡ㡽͵ʮһµŮҲҪѧ
ʱ
뿪ڣһ뵽Щ߾㡶µģʱҲû¡
ʮϵŮأĬԣڽ䲻Ĳ廰
㡿һۣѧԺг˰࣬䣬ܹͨѧıҵõ֤飬һܹμѧԺĿԡܹɹҵ֮ǾҲʹ
Ҫȥ
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嵱޲һŮ
ԭһ٣һԼɾŮʱ¶֮ˣ壬ſھһķ̺Ϳ̱
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ˣ
ϷѾʼŴˣǼˣҲֵǳ£ܼҵĽǶȥˣ
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ʹ˻ŭ壬˻ط˺ơ
𣬲Ůʮµĺȥ飬ʮϵģȥѧԺľڼҺ飬ľ͵óȥѰʹ
Ϸ˳Ըˣת㡣ʮɣǲϽŮӹСţ
㡿Ϸ˲ϲҰ׵ݣһڷ㼴̡
ϷһŮӣңͳͳȥŲ
ĸ
ôأ
¾Ǿ֮
ҪסϷ˵ǻۣڽ꣬˶ڹţ㲻ࡣɵݣ˽Է㣬ҵҪͲܸϰ׶Ÿɡ
Ϸ˴ӲΪǱģⲻǵĸɽͷĸǻ۰ˡ
˵ѡ˶ԿϷѡЭ
Ĺ㳡һ޴ŮСŵĶԱͼ񣬻иŲΣλʱ·Ĺ㳡ǰȥ
μȻ̤췴·ӣıӲࡣٰۻʱһҪһչ¶Сŵĳª֮ضСŵŮɱ
ȴƻ⸱ͶԱͼǿһΪͼ˶öģټϲϵͳͽʩݸڹŵŻ轵
Ψ˲ǹŽģס꣬Ҳ׷׷ȥˡ
ݸڶѾŮӲӡΪεʱͽŮΪܺߣһһĽ˲ݱʷͱŮԵʹࡣ
βǿֳԷģֵĶεġʷԼ˫ʹû˭Ҫȥּµʹࡣ
ټÿڼշѲݸڲĿ³Ϊգһ١ͷŵһ٣ɹðμ˷㡣
˹Ӿ͵ø档
óһСӣжʮӣԪǮƣͬӵĵͬĸá
Ϸ̾˿㡵֣ˡ
һˣ޷ְæλէǶݻϤκɻǲ֮Ѱҡ
ڰﲻôǾһˡ
кôһ·ǰĽźƣС
һܸͨ˿ͣˣ׷׸ǰȥá
ۼϷɷ׵ף֪ĸѾŲסˣҽݴҲˡ˵ˮҩ֮ȥˡ
Ϸ˷ҩ˿ڴϸϸϸ˵޷Щͥ¡ţºͿףȫȻûаַꡣ
ֱϷ߶߶˯ˣ㡷ǡ
ܸǰ鷳ͷ϶һȺΪ˷ֹЩָֹֻţ㡲Ҫһˡ
Ȱգٴϸƣþһзܸ˶ߣΪ⿴ȥ飬ǡǡǶı
ϾһΥοɲ顣׼ɱӺĹߣϾ֪׾ΥҪֱǶɷõע;
һ뵽Σ㡼ӿ˻ؼҵĽŲ
ϢգħԸڻڼӰءǴʱȥ׼˻һӸࡣ
ԽԽᣬŮһͬͻ֮ʱٯٯã͹ģǼһӸȻͽԼˡ
ȻˣܹڼӰϺ۵Ĳ׵ʹ֮ʱæĦһ£ƣͣǿٺòˡ
ɤӣӿ˽Ų


91 
ʱܼҵ鷳£ȴûиˡֵϾҪˡ
ϺΣû
˼Źӵĺڲһİԣһµ˰ԡ
ûأѾȥҽݴˡ¬üĿ䶼Ƿ֮⡣岻ãӱסǸ⡣
ſģ϶ĸƽɴüĿĿο
ãЦеĺҲ̾˿Ҳ֪Ǻǻ
¬ʱе㲻ˣⲻ
¬òѹɤӣ΢΢±Ҫˣ
⣿
¬ΪȻǰݴٺöˣɵӶ֪Ҫˡ
ѽһ˵Ҫ췴ˣ
¬һŵļŹ˲˵أʲô췴
һ¬ָֻۣȻԵõӣٶȿڣ밡û˵ĹȴҪȥأⲻҪ췴Ҫʲô
¬ãȻ֪Լʵۣ
Ҳ꣬ãҪ˵ѽ֪ʵҲͦõģǳԱů¡
¬ŵ˵ͷ
ɲɫ¬ġǲʶģҲһ˵˵
ݣӹòǸˡɵĸ̾Ѹٴ¬Ļϻӡ
¬߶߶˵Լӻĵ飬һͨȻ׽ࡣ
λүµĻӣ˵һƹһɫӵӿʱޱȡ
үнٺʵ̩ݵĳ͡һﵥʿ֮ҲûؼңͰϷϿļ䡣
һҲûʲôˡ
ϣɣȲ谡ͷĹЦǺǵĸһڲϿʹк
˶ʱԼߵ顣
˵ˣ˵Ŀⶼ˵ˡ
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ų±ļԱ˳־§ס˼ͬڲݳԺȵĿˣ飬ò֡
£ô˼ңǰĿ˵Ц
±һСԲͷԲԣֹһ䣬û绨ĹŮ
桪ȫôЦ
¡ٺ١ЦΪ
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Աˣһ˳̩ݣոߵ¾ͳźЦЦ
ҹ￴ЦݣֱǣʶİȾܡ
Ȼɾʧȥ֪
ʳˣ
˴β̽ӹһٰʮˣʮ⡱ʷݽж顣
Ϊڹ֮ǰȹ̶ݵͳΣǷⳡȫץ̽ж
ҷʣЩ̽ԴΪӣǲģдǰȵ۵̽һ̽ȵۺڲʶš
ʷ˵֮⣬ǵ̽Ҷࡢܳģٲ򡱡
ʷһҲЩ˻̽ݡԴչ֮£һͲǸƫһġ
ݵؼ̽ȫǵʱǰĻʵģһΣҪصϢҲһ̽Ӵȥġ
εʵȷϢѾȥ𣿡
ʷͷǵ֮߰жġ
Ǳáο˿⣬һȥʱҦˬ
ʷԥ˵ͷ
Ҧˬһָʾ¡
վŰɡҦˬ־ǿִֹ
ҦˬͲ󣬸ʷѧԺͬһҵҲǸԽصĺһѧ
һӾͱЦˣҶûأ㵹ãվһ죡
Ҧˬͷ̫ԴִѿھȻô©
̾˿ݾÿǰÿһ춼µ׳֡⼫ĸѿƵĹ
Ҧˬⲻû鵽̽ӣһ
ȵ۵̽ӳŶ궼ġʵϣ㣬˶ûз֡
粻Ұ³ʮǰȥ¾ƣҲ֪ôһҺǹٷίɣֲ꣬ȵ۵˺Ȼҵֻ֮ء
βòǸλĹӣЩ͸ص̽ӣԵ֪ԱǿĸϢϧ˺Щ̽Ӽ
ǼŶɾ̵ƹˣ
ҵǵһȥƵӣҲҵƹָ·˵ԼǾ̡СʳƵ·ӡ
ˣŶɣɽرˣʮ꣬һһŮҦˬ˵ЦһżС乩ԼǾҵľһֱΪ֣ԭлԹʮǰҳڴΪˮԴŹŶɸױԼһƹҲɽĸŹʡ
˵ɽ֮Ǹ⣬˼˼ЩŶһֱΪһֱڹעԼǾ̡Ҧˬ˵⾪̾ϵʱ䳤ʮꡱ
ԭʮǰ͸ö֣ɽ֮ʡһŶԭ𡣿ƫƫǰЩɽӴŶŮŶɶʱ֮ģŸծӳɴɽծ
֮ǰɽ֣ҵǰݣӴ˶ȣŶԼԴһϡ
һ꣬ڷԼǾ̵СжȥǮƣڴɽָʹС˽Զڻʳ
ü˵Ŷɲûзɽ˽ʳƣܸײˣ
ǵġҦˬͷŶȻΪɽڻʳΪʳƣǡã֪ţλͨȲɲɶλᵽʳƣǸɴһѡ
ɣûôɵ𣿡
ŶãײΣѿһ飬ǡò鵽ȵʱ̽ӡ̽ӻѾݸҪصϢĸ·̽Ӷ֪ˡ
ҦˬЦ͸һ𺣬϶Ŷɵ˵ǡ
ЦҦˬǲȥд£ʵǿϧˡڵսȨıȴ硣
ʵǣŶҲǸ̽ӣɽͬš̽ǵϵģ˴֮以ʶǵı̶ܳȸߣԻᶯáģԶһʱǼҪԼְ̽𣬰ԼСӡ
ֱǰЩӣ˶һ̽ʱй¶ԼǾ̣ȥҾ̣ûϵԼײȥǸɴ˳ˮֱۣӸԼǾʳơ
ѺԼǾ̵˵ȣǵȷûзʳƣΪǶڻʳֻڻ굹ȥô׬һʡ
ʳҦˬ˶٣еЦɽ˵̨һ߼۳ʳٸƽۣ߼ĶˣСʳڻڲֿ
νȥҪôɽ֪Լ̽ӣҪôɽûü
Ŷɾ̡ԼǾԭȵۣһͼй¶һĿɳȵ۵ڱֳݡ̾˿سúس¡
ǰҵļ֮ӽʱ䣬εѿƲſ͸أԭΪͰݣǵ֮ǰͱ͸ĸɸƵġ
̧ͷҦˬŶɸ֮ǲģ
ǣŶʹҵȥ鿴Ϊ˽赶ɱ˰ˡڹ߲ø񣬵һˣ˽ñ
Ȼüͷ壬ŶɾҪ֣Ϊʲôոأ
ɵŶԼֵģֱڹĸݸҿˬɽԱһ֪϶̽ӳ
һ¡
ŶµĿҦˬҦˬɽ
Ŷɽ϶Ǹ߼̽ӣȴֻ̽ӵĺᣬѾûжˡ赶ɱ˵ļնˡ⣬Щ̽ӶǵϵģʶͬţõֻԼңŶӦɽ
Ŷ˶Լأڲʶ¾͸ȥżǾ̣̽Ǳδ֣൱šһڲ̽ݵĻӮˡ
ҦˬΪϧϧˡ
ηЦǱŶǿһЩյһ
Ҧˬһ죬ҽֻСꡱǱ̨ʾǣǸˡ
δЦôҦˣҵЩ̽ӵĹ
Ŷһ̽ӳȴŶ֮⣬ȫǱ뿪ݸʶҪʼɨڵ̽ˣֻ롣ֲֶ飬ɴȰͷŪ˵
Ŷسµ̽ӣȷһ飬ôżǾ֮Եô޹ǻûü˳ٶۣķس¸˵ĸо
ϣѿƿƳҦˬ췣
ҡҡͷݾڵһγְ̽ץ¼ͷ㣬Ҹϣܹ©Щ̽ӵԭ򣬽ץеķա¹ʵӦ飬һΪѿƵĽ̲ġҲԲ©ȱ
ҦˬĬһ˵ͷ֪ǵľ鶼ֻܹͨºĸ̺˼ֲȱ©ҵʹں޳ѭֻܹԼǰߡ
ݵײײ꣬չ˽죬ҲӡҦˬ룬ԼǾְأȥȥǣһԼ


92 
صһǸ죬ǧ˷Ϊݣǧݣǧ˴Ӧ۵½ء
һΣûѡӽ𼦴½ѡ˴Ӿһ·ƽҲȹ̵İ취
ѡڽ𼦴½Ѿ֪ݸĹٸͻͼضǺ·ֻݳиһԮľأ군ˡ
ʵϣزû̫鷳ΪȿƼ֮ǰͿʼ͸أڼһǰһν˷ˣ˴ԱЩ˵ְΧĵΣѼعϢϡ
˳ĵ½صأҲӦӵİɳޡ
Ӧ۵ķѸٴ˰ɳ޵ķչҵǣŰɳ޸̯ɵͷϵĸ˰ҲڷݸֻһϿȴ·硣

ǧʿεɳޣȵϣߺѹѹȫɫ۵Ľʿ
үүɳ޾ǯDͲˣͣ洬ɹɳΨеصͷ¸صϰ˿̷־壬õͷ
֪ݸȻӲɱ֮ʱǲ򺣻էһôɭϣȫѻȸʿ걻پѹĿ־壬Ȼ޷
ҡλүкιɣ
º͵ЦЦҵȽˣԺȥ
ƤֱѹѹͷֻͷƤ顣ݸҪȥʲô
˼ңɳˣôڼУٳšһ䡣
ǡٶֱӣǰЩԽԽԶֱ뿪˰ɳޡ
幫ΪβͶݣǸ׳ĺӣΪѯʣǱߵįD񶼹ϺˣﺣļǮѹšҪǻȥݵĿޣˡ
幫Ŀأ֣ͶݣҪӮˣáҪˣǾһᱻ͢ŪūͶݣӮˣƴյߣҲܺùˣҲڱ͢Ū
ȥͶ㡱幫ԽȵҲȥһ
ޱȣ幫ǲͶݣҪǳ͢ӮˣǻӡݸҪ군ˣߵĿҲˣǮֻ٣ֻҪȥ
ʱǻǸǻڸݸƴһѡһ䣬Ӧ˷
ûм۵ġӵĶȥˣʣĶϼҴڵŮסСǿܹȥҲԸΪϣһѡ
ɡ幫Ŵ˵ĹȺݺݵضڵϡ
ʣµֻóĬһҡڣƬϵӰ
˵ɳѡ˷ôɳ޸ǰһЩҶɵѡͽȻ෴
κ鼱ɽطľֲΪïʢǱҪɳޡҶɣٹ˸䣬ܹصǡ
үǰȥ¥կ¥կǳˡҶļյ˵
λԼͼֽصĳŽ൱Ĳеĸ¥ͳС
κȣΪݰ뵺ƫϵһУؾܹݳǡ˵أʵΧ֮㼸ȼݣûкˮ䷱Խ֮ǰݡݣؼǴտеĺˡ
ڹ֮ǰǾѾģ׷ֻû뵽ȻаԸǴ·
ү˵¥կ׵úܣԭǸɽѣͷֱ֪Ķɽ˸ˡһ˵Ǯ˵Ǵ¥կ˶û
ҶͷǸԲ˿ĳȴڽһ£ԼȰԼŵˡ
ЦЦ¡
ȥԭػϢڽʿ¥կ¥կεؽ˷ʱµկӣҲǹʯͷկĵڶѿеӲͷ
ˣ¥կǾӵһλӳ¥կһʮˣ˰ʿиС鳤Ҳڴ˴
һ¥կ࣬ͨص·ϣƵĴ;ݵС;ݵ㡣Щһǧ
¥կ԰ð˰ˣʣµָֻկϢ
˴θδݳʵӦǧʮճѵǧʿ֮⣬иĿɳ˿Ƴ丱֡ʷĸ֮Ҧˬĸӳ¡֮⣬һЩҽԱ
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ڶһ磬ʱһ̣سǽֵĽʿǻõӲܹࡣ
ֵصĹٱɢѾ˰ˣϢķˮ𣬵˵Ҫˡ
һվǰ£ģӰӶûУ
ವģسǹٱŲ񣬳͢Լ˲ˣƫԶشнٺֻܹԼˡ
ʵû취ˣسǵĽʿһ˯һʱʱȥ¥ůůӡ
ůֹ̼˿Ǹоˡ
سǵļͬڽ¥һûһ졣
ûʲô
㶣ʶš˳ȥ
ǽ֮£ڸںҹɫ۵˷·һ㣬ƬϡǵĽŲʶϮˡ
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Ϯ
ĺǻ
ҹ˫谭ȻݸȴԶȹپӪЩ˲ҹäһȺսµĹپݸս֮伸Խ˹پ
ǲҪļǽϳ壬Ǵƴײš
ϵļʸ£ͽݸƤϡĿǶϱ۲֫ŽѪϣʬһһѪܵƴɱȻ˶
һȣǵһսۣΪҪվʿǰ棬ԼѪ⻤Ľʿ
Ÿֵýͼ¥ȻεعǸݽɫͷ˴̵ͣһϸ۵˫ֶʱݡ
Уʱ仹ҧͼһ㱻ƾʹޱȡˣˣҴЩģʹҲǰͷ
ͬΡڣϺηǰ壬ͼŵķߡ
϶ѻ˴ʬ壬ݸģعپġΪӦӣپԴԴϵĴųŵĿȱ
ֵĹսֱţƤŽ
ݸͬһ֣ͬˮһȥ
˴ԶæӴܵıӰûʶԼȻĻˡ
ֿ죬ڵϾЦ⡣
ˣˣ
ˣҪ׷ǣ
پͳʩѯվǰŹ۵ӡ
ع־Ļӻ֣أĪ׷
Ȼݵûάסһӣϻʱһ޴ıը˶ʶĻ˻ԴҪɢ
ţըӶپ˻
վԶĵطۿż̮СسǽҲˡ
һǧը/ҩ̵壬½½˴꣬ټش˴ĽƺѿԱδɿ̡ũ˳أ˽⵱ص鱨
һжκ㡹Ƶλεعٴ̽ݼصϢͣӹ̳ǽ
лȥפصĽԱһҲϡ档˳µγǽı
׼ڽΪδͨһʮ׿ȱڡ
ȱڰݸѸ˵ǿת
ڣĸصʿˡ
ɱĺɱϼţͷһѣΡ
ݸȻǧʿηƴɱţʹϵΪݸȫţֱʹڷء
ȻиҹɫڻڶŽпӵҵը/ҩڶŵıϡ
ôҲ벻ף֪̽ݸǧˣΪȹݣݸܹǧأǽŵһǧ˵ǴأѵǷǧ˳
֮ը/ҩǴģݸڶ̶һʱҵǽı㣿
ϰ˼⣬ΣѸʧˡ
һûسƣپñ˭졣
̩³壬ʱսҾʱʽءձ


93 
ˣ
˵㡣Ѿûº͵Ц⣬ͬһĬĿϻ˯Ρ
Ƥ÷ףաֱ˼飬Ҷ֪ộǳ˿ǻžʹ
˵ţ̽㡣ǳ˴ĺọ̀ھѾʱֲп̺ۡ
ҡҡͷΪأ̲Ҫ
μ͵òЩ̫⡣̹ȻѿܻҪġ
һһĳˮҺЩĲϺͻ⣬ǺȻͿϴ˸ࡣ
μʹڻ˯˫ֶ΢΢
üͷСһЩҪŪʹ
üҪ׼ʱﻹԥ
עһ֮ǰֲоʹѵʱʹиҡܹϢ
գ
ΪģЩ׵ҩ֢ʱȻȥ
㡹һ񣬡лȥҩɡ
һߣžھֻʣˡ
ˣİη˫ֱʹж㡣
һпϡ
ֻպ˵̼㣿Ц⣬·˵ĲΨжͷϸܵ亹˵ʹࡣ
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бһۣ㻹´Σ
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һֻ΢΢ɤڶ𣬡ҡˡ
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ʿζڽʿҪݸֻСϡûСϡΪҪվǰ档
ʹԼҲģһ˻ֺ֮㹻־塣
ܹо㡵η壬̾˿ղ㡵ĲֻȡůС˴ǶԷ
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ĵصãˣǳϴ벻õĴͳڲߴһȱ©ǵ͵ݻ
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ΪηҵȣǱŲͣѾҿʼݵ˴Ҫ̫ǡ
ǸϺָʹôˣαδϵ𺡣
ָʹսһͷ­λǽ͵ϣ죬ֻԼȻûսº֣º֪Ϊˡ
İɣսԻŴ²֪εĵĵȻˣǵݸִսɣΪй߿ɱ²
ǵһҪǿŴ²ΪʴȣΪ߽о־ȷǲḺ翹۾ӴŲʹƣ
֪΢΢ɤӣ²Ѿɢصص·һ깤нֻ͹һ룬ڶ͹ƽޱѺͱ֮ΪͨգŹ߱ػ
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ξеˣµķͽţҪȥ
ڱֻͷﶼ⡣ʶȴ˫֣һʱ䣬ҵʹҪʹѡ
һû˯ĿһţȥСϣͷϸ㣬ؽҧ֪جΡ
ԭ뻽ΣجΣʹ쳣޿κΣĹ̶ε󣬲Ҫǣ˵˫֡
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˵Ǳ޷ģԶ̣ԶȣϣϣµĴݸجеΡ
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ڶһ磬ҩãֻ˯һ˾οȥھˡ
۾ŷƺˣƫͷתȥͿ㡵˯ա
δ˴ŷ˴ʱ̬Ϊ졣ǰŵģΪ˷ֹѹ֣ӵţһ˫Ĺ̶סε
˵мŵˣ˼ܲɷ֣εԴ㡵ĸ첲ϣ㡵ͷǵͷ
̫ˣеΡ̸̸δҲ̫Ϸˡ
ָݣ̫ܶôأ㡾ˡ
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ոճ㡵ɤ΢΢ɳƣεͷͷƤһ顣Ȼ㡾ͿΰĶ΢΢졣
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Цˡ߳ŭӦģң
ѵܼƤСӺɷнµĵͷʾСӵĻ
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ŲŲȣͼܿ㡣ҲñܿԷķӦ
Сӣһ㡼ûֹŲӣȴҲû˿Ҫӵ˼ôάԭƸˣ
˯ʱֻȺģʶԴŤơ
˯ʱûãֱ֮ޱ߳ܡܹо㡴ģʢ
СӡЦտǿһϣһûۣǰ̶˴ǰůӡ㵹ãжĥɱ¿Ӳţ
һҲû˵ѡθգһ϶СʱʱĲ¶ȣҴӣżҪðˮ󴽡
һޣӽſۣۡﶼβݵ˫֡ƣ񡢲԰׵ݡ
л֮ƫͷ㡣л
ЦҪôлң
룬ʾ㡰
ۡ
һװĸ߸ӹԹԵıۡ
һѵֵĴս㡣ȵĴݡ
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㡵Ȼ֪ѵ˼ƴѹǣȴʵڿƲסԼЦ⣬ۣﶼǰСӡ
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˫ֱʶ޳˵Ĳ֣ҪλôܴܲսϻŻǸ⡣
˽û죬µ·ʱضпܻӣҲʲô̵δˡ
ֻιÿһ죬ʹȻܶףҲǵӵߣһ
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Ӧ֪мֹԽģĻ֪ʲôʱ򡭡֮£һ˵鷳ˡ
ҿģҾԶׯ࣬ͬˣûκԽ֮
ÿնİ˯һȴܼ֮ã֤ǼͣǸǫǫӡ
ⲻֻ֤㲻𣿲ݸղŵĲСĽӴ㡿ܺС
߰㣬Ļ²㡡
Щԥˣʱ㡵ȷΪعأԡ㡡Ϊ
һζҡɤӣΣû˶ʦ游ûˡ
ˣͽƫһЩض˶ȥǶ㡶ζŲʧȥ
һϵʹ࣬ȴҲ㡾ϵʹࡣ
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ȻȻҡҡͷ롱
⻹ʲôġ㿴ҿԸ㵱ů¯＾û֮˲赹ˮ㣬ļʵ벻ˣֻúһͨļҸӣ
αЦˣ޿κΣðɺðɡ
ԣӵסΣۡ
㶣ԹԵıۡ
ϾЦ⣬δͣһ˲
Ȼ󻺻ζʵǵҵʱʫʿҽٽһʫ
ͷƤ飬ְ
Ц⣬ң㣬Ͷľң֮
˱ҲԸΪá


94 
Ҫǳʲô鱦ΪνѸ٣
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СüĿЦᷢͽα
һֱСıκΪ飬εֻˣֲȲС
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뵽α벻䶯ԼԼ´ӣ־Լˣ͸ȳһŲ´Ų϶Ҫ
𶯡㡷ΣŵĿʼ¡
˶ûŮƽӶԼ㡣һˣʱˡ
ȵȡ̣Ҫ㻹ǰҷɣҪһҩ
治ɫһ̲ͣļ´˳㻹η˸ס
亹乣ȫҰæáȻǱ۾á
Σ
㡴սΣ۾һ΢Цڱá
ʵֻһ˹ڱʱĶ˼ֻűȾ纮ŸҶ֡
ľľ룬չδҲ̫˰ɡ
ѽοʼһɣҲϴôһоûУֻǵջ˯ֲݿˡ
Ϊȫ̲ϴٶȿ쵽£ֻĺ󱳡ֱۡգĵطҶ
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һ٣Ȼ¶һȻЦݣһһٵ㡣ȫˡ
εȻ֪Ů֮ϵƷУԷضᱡ顣˿˵Щڻ·ʱѵÿȵӣһʱ붺
ȻռұˣǾͱҷ
㡻ЦˣСôôأ
εޱȣСֲۣһˡ
ҡҡͷСӲСۣǳţ»
ξ㵵ĿУ㡴սһ죬֪ҿ첻ġ
˵˵ţöͷεĶͷھΣ
Ȼֱš
ǿЦһֺͨίͰͣҺú°
㡣Цʧ
ȵ˳ŵʱ洺磬ˮ·˵˻һƵġ
˳լ˶á˵ݸþһª汾ͨԺӣôûöУ۷ȵȻȫ
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ˡĿǰǧཫʿɢפڸأֻǡսеΪѣηڽʿοȥʳɫ۵ҲԶԶܿмǿͷǡ
ֱͽʿݸŵʱոȣ̨磬ӲˣݵصķáټϴߣСӶ޸ݸ
أ·ٶȻص˵η壬ָ𡰺вʱ򣬰ηηˮޣڶཫʿӦ˭Ը챻η壬￴
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ȷĲţҪ鴦ĿǰΪֹǸơҽƺ硣
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ҧгݣѿѾЩ˶ǵصĴ󻧣ۿŵ˱ץϸǮҵȾܾ֮󰵵ɢҥԣ˵ҵ¾գ˰ոĿֻšգмͼţء
οˣݵΪȽԲûʲô󻧣ڴҶЩ̴ǡ
ɵأʿһ࣬ûоϵֶǸ֣ƽҪĹԼ˾ˣգ֮ͱǸ˸
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ʱǽפҲʱ䣬ǵĿֻԶԶδɢȥ
εگƺͰȫƣſţɽ
һƱػдΪսӳȥüͷڻи̽ԼӴܵĹپûɨɾһſţҵֻҲץסЩˡ
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μ⣬ҵ˾ܸܲṩ๤ᣬǷƾ·ֻƣװ׵дƸܹԵ棬ҵһڿϸɵˣԷܹǮؼңƱػΧŹٸ
ͬʱϽ˾ǰӦƸ˼ǼǣԤĸºʼƽؾڵĻǼǡ
ҽΪʩҽҩעصͷڸǰ档ĥҽܻյĵж
ǰڰɢϢĴ󻧣ѿȥһûиѪծѪΪⷢŷǮֹݰյġºͣ۵׾⣬ȫƾٰһ󣬲Ҫôãط̫խһĵطס֮ǰС
̾˿ԣҵɿ·״ԽԽáľעܹݳϷ硢ӣء
Уץͣһеǰҵ޷㡻˵ֻʱ䣬ʱذʶݸϽܱȱپϽǿӺùˡ
ǡӦ
һĹǣһϾЩ˵һζһ棬Щ£кü֮ǰһû˯ֽ֮굽޷˯
ǶȵһζԴǳǰܣڴ˴ˡ
ҪģδӲֻܹҪ˴̷ΧڣΪûоһηθԸǡ
Ͼ˶ǳɳģʹǵ˾궼ΰݹϡŹ֣ЦԷǵĴ
Ҫ£ɢ˰ɡ
˷׷ɢȥתź΢΢١ϸ乵ΡԣһĴȫǿš
뷽ҩҪߡ
ˡҡҡͷϸոոһҩ綼ûأʹ޷ġڲд֣ڸôϽתתʵؿһصصǸʲôӡ
죬֪սǽҪͷʱͣǸܵģҲҪɵɢעˣǲȥСһЩ
İɡЦҵʱ֣϶ʳôĺա
̾˿ʳ÷Ϊ˲ΣԵ
죬΢Щ˼Щһܸһ嵭Щķˡ
ʶЦʮָմˮ׾Ȼѧˣ
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ˣʲôӡؼ䣬һе·ȲϷȻϲΣáѧ˷ʳ±ѧ˺ܾãαס
ֻǿϧˣոջؼҾͽӵƵ̨ԤǶٷҲûġ
һ㶣ŷ㡵Ķ΢΢죬һ̲ˮûٵЦ㡣֣µĵлڴл֮ұôˡ


95 
߳õʱ̾
Ȼϣת˼ֵúܡȥӰӶûżмʳҲǰ봹ͷɫҴҡ
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һ·߹زûʲôƶ˵෴ģ˼ҪڳƫҲΧ֣ԽسΧԽƶ
һ磬δΧߣֻĿԽԽ
ָԣָ˶ࡣΪѾصƶ
󲿷˾ۼһ߿ڣסĶǽδéݷһССéݷҪ߰˸ˡéݷûУֻһ۷ĵ£ɫͣŲ֪ʲôʱүԼ
Ϊҵǣ⻹ǳһ飬Ȼܿһ߱ʬ塣
һ·һ˫˫۾ôֱмճĶ⣬Ҫ׳Ӹţͱ˰Ƥˡ
һšǳһŵ͵ϣмƨɵС֮ͥʺˮɢǿҵĶ˵Ľʮ㡣
ƶƺûսӰ졣
һ֪Щ˶ԣϦǳ̬񡢳ǳػ˭ʵûκԾѾһҲ
Ѿûпֳˣݱ࣬˵Ҽһůʳ㣬Ҳҵֵز
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Ȼ̾˿ս֮ǰǵսҲһһҹûصİֻҪû뼴Ϊ̣Ǿ㺦Ҳ̫ܳ׷档
磬˻ܰܲˮ𣿹ճȡˮͱҪˡսѾˣǽ޷µӴһģ˵ѾˮϰӦ̽ſʼŻˡ
ֵӰӶˣҲɫҴҡ
죬ʱʶصؼпѾ֣սҲѹյһݰˡ
س³էȻҪԼѧϰԸָͨ¹ΪԹԱǷġ
һΣδεʱسȴϽڵһ١Щ͵ȻԭĹԱλˣû͵ĿסԭعԱҲ͹ˡ
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Ҳ˵ΪսµİղţǸ˰֡ܵʹصѾûжٰˣ˿
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˿ʬ塭üĿ
⣬֤ԼĲ²⣬ȴֻÿЦ
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Щͷǰ׸ġ֮ҪΧˣ֮ûᷢҹͬʬÿһʬǣȥſڶһࡱ
˵꣬ùȴӽϵİ߰˸ͷȴһһݳͷЩشĺӣԷ̻ʳȥ±Χð̹ĳߡ
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֮⣬ʡʩࡢٻʬ塢һ׮׮һǻԺС
ȵλظõʱɫδڣȴѾ˴ſڡ
һЦǿ⡣
Ҳˣһ漱Ҵҵøϣһѯ㡡
ε˵ʱֻǾЩ֣ŻƵһҾ;òԣе̫ˡʳֲ˽ȥǿİʵ̫ˡ
оܹǰڻʳһǹ̶ģ̫٣ⲻϳΨһĽ;صص˿١
һһ潻鱨ȵ˶õʱ򣬼ټȫԱ
ôܣֱˣǿУô˰ٸʲôԵģ
Ϊ֮ǿ񣬷ֹӶʳ⣬Ҫٻʬ塢ֹߡҦ·Ӧ졣
ҡҡͷ϶֪˵Ĳ²⣬ҪȫԼصĸԱ²˽ʵ
⣬ѿƵ˴ʿһͬЩɢѯܹİգٸʲôáΧû˶ûʬ˵ȵȡ
֮⣬עǲر⣬˵⡱㡳ǴӲԣδз
һϵʱ䣬һ֤ʵһҲ̶ֳȡλˣĿơ
λҵҲ·ƲݷĽ졣أҪԵľͷߡϣλܹͬ۹áʱ衱
ҵʧлλˡ
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˷׷׻
ԱͬԲͬΨһͬۡҹ뿪ãͬ˺ڰ֮С
лҪ˵ھҪҪɾȥߣ컨ߣһڣҾùŴʱ߾ͺܼ١ͷشߡ
˼ȥһдˡ
һҪǿгֵһָ߲κ飬ǧҪʵ
κڶӰκʵ


96 
ٸڳſʩˣٸڳſʩˣȫݸڴСġһһ鷴֪ͨգ
ʯȳ΢ˣΪһʬˣٸٷǮ֮ûԴֻõͷ˵ϵһƲҪʯȳȳĹЩ׳꺺ӡ
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ŶŶӡʯȳȥʩصſڣάļȫԱһ溰һѲߡ
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ʯȳ֧ʱǰȫͷʯȳľ룬ԭô˰
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ʮЩûкǳֻʯȳڻˣ׳ŵǸռˡ
λˣ𣿡
ʯȳֲɣɲŲ·ӦƸµľϸƫƫʣʬԽԽ٣øԼҸɡȥȻֻһڸŮǲϴܸɡ
ɲɣʶǸģɲϴ롱ںŽһλ긾Ůʱ¹һʬϴ롣
¶һɡҪ֪ϴǰƷѵģһġһ˾ζԼҪһֱꡣ
Ůһ£ʯȳǺ޴롣Ҳ֪ԼĻ̫࣬˶ҪȳһȣҲǲϸƵġ
뾡һˣʯȳֻð¡
һŮӣȥԼĪҲʮꡣǾͶѧԺˣѾʼڸõʵϰˡñϴ빤ˡ
ոѧԺʱʦι۹ңȻ֪½ݡױְҵ޷ָߵ͹Ȼ侲
˵ˣϴ⹤ԭΪԹãԼԼϴǸʡ¡ԽԸԽá
ʬҲްأʮһǮˤһ뵹ģܸ𣿡µ쳣
ʯȳԷͷ¶ֺõЦ⡣
һ㶣ȻʬˣûȤȥһݹ
ʯȳһãȻ
̾˿ؾڵĵ⹤Ҫĵָ·ʬˣӦܹطҾñϴ룬ʺݹ
ʯȳӾɵ֪ԱϴõǮࡣ
ǣлˣлˣ
ʯȳӻżæ¿ͷֹѹСŻˡæקŽģٸûпͷģ
λ£һĶȥܲȥ
ŷԵоеΡˮţϴˮΪ䣬ܹҵһõĹ˭Ҫȥϴ롣
Եһ֮ȻԡµۿΧŮӾǸ⶯ӣƸһ֮ˣŮ
ʧĵͷܹһ֮վ󲿷ȫǸũġ
һؽڴִ־֪һͶߣݾؿͶԷˣһ֮ķΧ㣬ũɵļã׼ȥӦƸѧԺũأ
ǵʳģɲ˶徻أ˵ˣŮӣܽԺġ֣ѵõмֲ˼
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һ㶣ΧŮǾǴ㶵ĿСӡǻΪСǼû˸ĸֵܲŲòıģ׼ĳݣԲܹǡ
ݵ쵼ŮӣѧԺŮһͬѧСΨһĸĸŮΪʶͶˡ
ٶҲһ뿪ݣȻЩδ֪η壬ἰΣǸһ
ûмģŮֻҪͶͬȨͬ񡱡
СӣĪҪ˵Ů͵ź˵ġ㶣ΪȻЦС˵Щӻ涼ǲм
Χ߷׷Ӧͣǻ˸Դ֮侹λСͷ¶棬ظ
³é®Ƥʵۿ죬Ҫˡ
ʲôأʲôأ
ԶѲߵʿۿ˾һɰХۣϽ
ûʲô£һЩˡ¸Ͻѹ⣬˿ոճʹڣ½յִˣʹĲýʱðˡ
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ĶϰݣôһСӾѹͷϣָ֮ǰǴһˣôͲĹһҪ˿Ǯ
һ뵽ԽŭͷڶҪڽ˲ɣ
ǰǰСڽѵأ
˵ֱǸˡ
һΧ۵ĸԺôЦСӵۿʱͺˡ


97 
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㶣̧žôߡ
µĹСǽ¿õģڣ䵽Ǹһϴ񡣵ǽһ﷢ͻţС׵ͬ룬ͻѸ֫ͻ
ǰ㱨Ƹкͷˡ
ݵĹƵģڲǳһſ˸ͷͳôһ¡С˵ǳС׵ʢ˵˵˾
һߣһ氵̧ͷȥεɫ
ȴû˼˼ңõʱط鼷˶ʮˡ
Уûи¹ġ
Ľõģζλϣ֡Ұο
´Źٷ¹붷Źһڸμ߶ϣӲա
󡢴ˣ񸾲áǴӵϻģ˫ȲΡΡĹڵϡ
˵ʼֻ۳СףɵԽԽĹĵѸٸɱȥ
ֻٸܷŹ
ǲ˹񡱣ȻͷͺȴҲ֪ҪǽĹȥˣôС׵˵ĳͷ׼ءקֻ÷С״ɫСĲ鲻Ըİק
С𣿡
̧ͷСӡ˵ʵݵĹٷǱűůͽʵȥģĲƯǶٷϣ˱һֻ˵Ĵܡ
ȻСױȽСҲһֻСܡ
ǳСףѧԺѧ·ݸոְáСֻ۾׵øƵģź£ɵĽԼ
º͵ЦҼǵ㣬Сףһְеĵɼܲ
ΪҪһֹǰأɴͰϰƸǰˡ
С״Ҳû뵽ΰæ֮оȻܹʶؾԴЩɬ
ôɷҸһµʱ龰
СɫһףЩͬģҪǳǣʲôˣ֪Լƭεġ
Ϊ֮£̧ȥΣɫºͣȥһҲһͻ¼
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ʲôҲû˵ȷλ¹ڽѵǡͷô൱ٶˣȻǣ֪۸Сϰգ
ѾҪɵڵˣ֪λǿ⣬ۿ׵ºͣƺ𱸰գֶˡ
㣬ƵˣСѾҪԭرըˣé®ּ¶ݹɫǺ죬ˡ
ˣ
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£ۿŭͷ̾Ҫִˣ
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˻һСһѻȸǵȻ֪ȫƸܾڰȫѶĺ֣רҵҵ֮һ붼˰ȫƺѿƣųû˲졣
СԼѧʱ򣬸ſһĴȫǸ̽Ӻ;ڷ̰
సѿƲʵ󣬻ϱ̿ƣɰȫưݵɷ̰޴ġڶӵͳͳ˰ȫ
ſ־ǿԴȾģСһѸٰ䲻֪ΪʲôһʲôȫƾͰ˲ʲô飬ҲֻóĬ
λĻܷ˵䣿
λܣΧ˾ͷʾ롣
ⳡ²ˣ˵ˣԷʹΪ˴ܶŹĿǰΪֹǵķйδసɷġһ㣬λ飿
С׵ҡҡͷǶѧԺҵģͬһ꿼ȻѧɷΣкüԼɷרҵҵġ
ʲô˶ûУֻ˵Ƥ˼ͷĴܶŹǱȫƴס֮һͨ˫Ǹˡ
˵ЩôˣˣôŹСֻ£Ķ
ǴܶŹұȽʡΰƫ壬תС׵ˣǲǶڰЩ
Сʶ͵ͷסԼɫ
Զԣ
Ǿǿǣ
ƣ
үø
Ϊ׵һ˶ʱˣ޲С׵˵İ
΢ЦŰˣҾڴ˵أλʲôί;˵ұضִ
С׺ͬֱίĲС
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ǿ˿ǵǮ
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Сָίͷŭ֯ȴģǰհչؿ۵Ǯṵۣ̂
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أβ꣬ѯˡ
ǸǼǻСӣҼǶһ࣬Ҳ˹ˣСϳ֮Ȼһ족ͬеһλ׳ŵӸ״
ٸʩǱҪڵһʱǼǻģ˺еࡢҹҪЯŻ
һѸӡÿһ඼˵Լģһ࣬ǼǸλ
ٸԴҲûʲôð취ֻܹǼǻĻ١һϳٸٸԱȣʵ֮ͻᰴչشã򰤶Ǯ
Цøºˣ𣿡
Уλˣǻ˽ܹǽʲôȨı˽ԶԣȨı˽
м࣬޲óһϭģרֵַĹ
üۺЦһʮˣĸѹû˵ȫߴߴ޲ôϹ¶
λģ˵Ƕȥʵ΢ЦŰˣʵ֮ҵ˴ұضϳǡ
үĽƻʶľδñү
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ʶ˵Ƕǹٹ໤
㷢йְ̰ܻſھдġţƤһ죬þͱ״дֵĻͶŷ⵽ſڵһ
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˵Ҳ٣
ε˵ͷ˵ġ
ﷴ״סˡҲ٣ǵù壬ǳͶ·֮˲ŻôɵģµǣδسɹԼûС
㶵Ŀ׵ΡСĸƵģüĿº͡ôǡ
Ҳ֪Ϊʲô۾ᡣ
ǲ֪ռС˲ã̫ˣһƲͷһţ඼Ҫһͭ塢һˡ㲻׺ݾֻܵ˵ĸв͡
λӣǳȥϵģ뿪˴á
ڣֻгС׵ˡ
õļžû˵ŵĳС׵Ҳ˵
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εĻû˵꣬ͱڳСײ󷽵һСˡ
ΪҪŹЩˣִȻǵĴǵߵǷǺڰףͣӣƶɷ͹Ϊ˱ǣȴǣ֪˵ЩǼٵģΪʲôҪԺǣ
һ˵꣬ŴɫǺ졣
ηЦ˵ˣ
С׵˶סˡ
ǣ˴βֵĹԹԡɫƽ
һֺ̨ʱѾչࡣδԸιٸҲԸϡټǿҪ飬ռݸĻǿݸֹ˳
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ڶʣʲô
սңֻġ
С׳ɤشѾ˼
Ӷʳǳ̬˶ʲô鶼ɵĳʱѾɥʧǣΪ컯Ķ¡ɷ˶Ѿˡ޷Ҫһδ뼢ֻǶ뿪սʮѧɷص¡
ֻв֪ڣһжġеķɡ£ӣ˾͵ö
ǾӦÿˡ𣿡
ǡҡҡͷûǩ飬ûܸǣôĿǰΪֹѾǮһ١ܸǣ֮ȻҲӦĳͷʩ
ΣǶ˳ͷΪԼĴ󸶳˴ۣѾˡ귢չſߵ졣ʹݣһŴĲơǸոսʮˡǵøʱ䡱
һеŬΪһܹԱܹ顣Ϊ룬˶ǰͺ̣ϣܹȫĻţֱܹͦ£ܹӣܹܽƱҪΪ˶ܶΪˡɥ
û˵ȥЦЦѾӦеĳͷǵȥǵĳͷˡ


98 
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ڶ£һǼٽҷԼֽͨ˲黧ȴһжݻǮ
Ѿȥһ£ʩѾӽβĿǰϿԼķܶ¡ͭǮڿģһݹҺˡ
ʩʽǼǺõĻ
ʵϣֻʣ˾ǧ໧
ǵġɫأΪÿһ˻ǼǣֲڵĻƲᡣ䲻أϽȽϹ㣬ԭһǧ໧˿ڴԹԼ򡱡
̾˿ûأҲ˵ԭ˿ڸࡱ
治ɫѾеĺöˣٵİǧ໧ȥݵģģΪ̨ʵġ
ʵϣֱӱ̨ɱǲģ鷳Ϊ̨ʧ޼ҿɹֱӱġ
ʬ崦ôˣɻʣࣿ
²оԼеˡҷͷϵʬʲôܣʬ鲼ʬⶪϡҪǴ˺ʿ䣬ҶҪɲȥˡ
룬ǰ˻ƺȥҲͦûϵġ
ܹʬѾϡΪ˷ʬ壬ݸܹúѾ˹ˡ
εΪչأȻΪλƫԶΪݸдϧ
һ֣ɽصĳú
ǳϧǵļչΪֹֻܿɵرǳú඼ú̶ȵ͵ĺúƬƬĺ̡
ЩúȼϵͣмȼΪͻ似ƣЩҽȥ֪ǮʹΪֹķҲΪ߰Ϊ˴ػѵ˷ѱ׼ȺúֵǮ
ҪΪ˷ֹ߱Ҫջʬھ͵̽󶼲ú
üˣǱ߶ǳôúЩ䡱ԹԺҲ˵ϣǰ˵ɫƵ˿
ֲ֪Ǵëˡʵ۶Ҫӣʲô취أ
ȥ֮󣬼ǿ˼㡷Ӧѧαûעӣһ룬ֻȥ
ݵֺܿͽˣΪڲһ¡һȥǧʯ
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Ҫݸܹһ죬ôֱʵ£ʳ͹ˡ
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ڲµףǲֵʱսϣ߰·ݵʳϣֻҵȡŷϵ飬һɬЦݡ
Ļͦ족㡶ûϵѿɫΪĴùƪַ顣
س㡹غϭģרоߴ״һܻʶȴı췴ҳӣ˹֮
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Ц۹˵ϼھݣسпܵݵıԭͲԸ⶯ϼҵĵӣǸʵ۳ƤãټϺڵĵ㽫Ҫʱ䡣Ժ񣬱ܹϵĸá
εͷܹϸ£֮Ҫٸʳһк˵
ƣĲУô˭ȥ˻¸
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һλѡ㡽͵
֪Ǵһλѣ
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ǲ֪λǴľʶѿļĶӡ
͵һи¡⣬һᴫݣȡùвֲڴ˴λ¸
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ֻƤҲŰ̺ۣȥΪªһ˫ö˶˵ֱ˫ֵ˶ÿϧ
ȴûоսܻѾˡЩĽʿǼѡɸһ˫һ

ʲôҪң˸ո³ؼң˹֡
ɾ˵ʽֻҽ˷ųʸɾ°빭ݸһš
ЦЦ˶٣
µĸˣŷǱһŷĻаٽ𡱡
̾˿ͷĲٵģµġ
ɱԽԽڵ󣬷·ϱƿȱˣڲڿġ
Ҳ֪µ˭ȵù
˷ĵúܣӻ֣Ǯ˻ȥ˰¡ʵ۵ĹϵԽţʵû˼ܹϵ
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Ŷ˿۹£ֲ֪ǼģһСƾ㹻ǼǮۿǲ
ȥ˽ɡ̾˿ԷǮֻǱҪһˣԷֻ۲ӡþһа취Ҫ档
վ̨£һԷͷҽޱȵӭȥ
ȦʵСͬͬһۣ˭˭·ʶ¡
ԭְЦ棬ÿӶ͸¶Źϲã·뻸صʱһŵĲһ
Ƣֱԭᷳٳα뻸ڰôԱ񱳸˴һͷ
û취
벻ףա
лҪ˵1.ɽؾгú󣬲ұġܿΪú
2.֮
ʲôֶȱ¶Ρ֣˵ģҲڵĺϵ
γԿطᶨĲ׼Ϊࡣ
˾ŭʯƸݡ˵˽գ
峯ѧؾʱԡ`֮ˡΪ⣬ߡ
иʽӣʤ
Ҿ˵Ҫã


99 
ϳЦЦĵĿ˵ֿ֪Լͷ
˶ʱһͨᣬ˵ԶܹңֲϵӸʲôΣȷˣ
˴Цޱȵקϵ֣ߣ̸֣
һɫˮһ
ʱ۵ĺʱڣֺܰ
ž·жǣ
ڶٰʳţһٷʮ˸ˣ
˿Σ·ûϵĳ˵ԴԹһѱţƢϸһġ¶ҪǲҪأ
ϽЩ⼸ţѧҲûˡĪҷһѧ
תǧأϷֺ¶ֺǺǵĸƼˣǸˣڲ᷽˵ͷ¡
ϵҲ򾲣Ҫ˻𼱻ǵҪ죬Ҫô׸ġǴУĹͳͳá˹ٳϲŭɫǳ̬
㷹˸Զһ
Σ֣ſ㣿
ϲͷˮţֶֶֹһ룬һĨͣУ
ЦǺǣ˫ѿˡ
ϵϣµĲȴֻֻ͡ý㰡
ڹһ㣬̿ڵ¶Ǿ
ǺǣҪǻʵҪĻȥֻ˫ѿһᣬһȻӣJûš
ˣɱ²ѵ֮£ɽսɽ֮ʵ갡
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ɽΪʣ˲̲Ŀ˼䡣Ȼ֪Ҫ˵ʲô
ƺΪֵУΪسȡʱսس·ǵлƺֻΪƺŮسõӣƺ޶ɢ¡뿪˽ꡣ
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ǰϼƺһһΪ壬ͼ֮ҷԴӡܹ֮Բç֮£ύ̾Ըֱơ
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ϳ˳ɰͰ͵ǣ͢صսѾáҪ˱ĸ󻼡
˵ѵ¶Щ飬սһ𣬿ֻаգ
֣ҽǰΪΨܹааܲ̾ͱ̡
̧ۣ΢΢٣ô˵Ҷ͢Ͷϣиǰǰվ̽
Ǿ͵ÿ͢ĳˡϵ
ܹаҶ࣬ǿǴһ㹻ϴˢڳҰСϡš
ǶԷѣǱӲˡҶ볯͢࿹꣬Ǹа˰
տڰֿ֪֤ݣ
ޡ
Ҳǣ˵ȴ£Ĳñ˽ͨǾδ֮ǰκ֤ݵġ
ֺƾ֤ţ
ЦϷʮģѧӲ˵ѣϷ԰ްԣ
ȷûƭˣҶна֮⡣
پλս޷ĸ֡ûʳԴܹôãȫܱ߸׷ǲһôȥ
ҪǣҶͷپΧѸû˸ʳˡ
֮ǰҶа˼ʱϻʵƢŰϦĶǳ£͢ԼǽǸȷ˭ǸӸҶ̸һʵ۷˵ûаҶֽѣа
˼Ҷֻ͸˸ڷ磬ֻų͢ϵԼûϵһȣȵʵˣ֣ѡ
ͷô죬ӿ֮£Ҷֻܼ尾һԼҲһµʸһ־֮Ҳûùȥ绻
һϣϵǰЩϵҶ࣬ʾ͢ڿаϾҶಢûгƵۣǵĸ󻼻سúܳ
Ŷ㡡
ҶദһȻҲų͢аңֲ
Ͻ͸¶Ҷа
ȻˣϷԺ¡ЦǺǣڸϢ
ϵͷǰ·˽˿ͷ˹ȥԡ£˯ˡĶȻüͷ˵ĺġ
ʲôϵأͷƭȴû˵һѻΪҶࡢ͢аֻ˫ԥˡ
ΪһѻҶࡢ͢ϲؼһˡλûýء
ϱ̵ۣ룬һ͢ƱػпҶ¡ΪǺͨȪݸոζŻָóζԴԴϵǮ룬ɱȴƫԶشҪĶࡣ
ֻҪʵۻû裬ҪΪ´ҵȽı
ӹǣΪҪаǼ˷˾Ҫ˺ʮ£ҶԥԥҪʮ¡˫ȷҪаƶ³Ҫһʱ䡣
Ҫǣ˱ضȫٽаһ¡
ӣΪƺһ·ܻҪǿ¼ϴˢʲôƽظõأѲȥܳسӲͷ
ңѵ֪ʵۻᶯþݱȥһԴ㡣׸ˡ
˵Ȼ֪ʵ۵뷨ԭļƻϣͿ޵Գ͢˵ڻ
ҲζţҪôʧԼҪô²ʵ˹ñ
ڣΪṩһõĽ취
תƳ͢ߣҶӾݷʱ䣬ڽ˴¼ԼӰ֮±Ƶûʵ۲Ҷ֡
ȲҪʧԼܹԼʵ۽ɱһΪβ
ϱҴҶûίǰ̸ô
˵Ŭ£аһ£ٵҲҪģ
̾˿˶Լ˼û˿Ͽһ۶ɽӣʧİա
㡰㡣Ϸ߾ȫΪʱ䣬ĪҪӦϷġ
ɨƽаﾡ˼ˣһ̺塢̩񰲡


100 
һ˯㣬˵ȫûб𴩵Ŀ־壬ÿһ˯ͦġôȻԵõڿͷ·Ĳһ
Ȼη壬Ϊҵ֮ǰʷҦˬѾǰȥҶࡣ
ʵϣͼҵҶһҲѡ
أΪƹĹδؼȫcͼٶڲسиµĵ
ֻпڿഫ·裬ȴûcͼָ£ѾʷҦˬʡ˲¡
κ㡹֮ǰʷҦˬѾأԭΪǰ˵˽嶤ӡûϵƻһ䣬ڣҪȥҶˡ
˵͢Ĵɲӽױ֣ôС̽ӽҶϽھͱȽϰȫˡǱҪҶ෢ֵġ
̽飬ʷҦˬȷҶ˾Ȫݽ紦ɽС
ɽӶϣݺʮأֲľգɽ಻ݺύЩطǰԭʼɭֵ״̬һȥ֮Ͳһĵط
λռݵ֮㣬ֲܹӲپôáҦˬվڱɽ£಻ɽԵ̾
ޣ
ҪԣǽӢ䣬ҵȿǰ̰
Ҧˬ죬ʷ˫ֱϵıоսɣСආţӱɽŴǰߣǰҶפ
治ɫҪϸϸ۲⼸ˡЩ϶£²ģѾиˡ񱡶һˡ
Щ˾ͨͨİӣ˵ĺۼ˵ǵпܱͨոùһЩϰԲˣ˵ˡ
ҶಿµӾȻûԡ
Ҧˬ࣬۲˻Ҫ䡣
˵λܹپôãҲӢҦˬЦǺǣʺƨҪǮ
ŵļͷҶţʱ¶裬ϣ
ʷѵܼ䡢˼ҦˬԱ񣬶ʱЦȥ֮ͬ顣
ҶţԻ
ԼҹģǰڵıɽţſھǡҪҶཫҶţΪԼΡ
ԻһģӦͬšһ˳Աһôôˣ
вɣ
֮϶˵Ĳ͡
ˣ࣡
һҪɽԽ룬ɽʯҵ߰ɽ塣һ·ϣҦˬʷһ㱻ֵ̽㽻ӣֱǷ糾֮ͣҶפءŸ塣
վɽϣʷĿȥŸ忴ȥƽƽ棬ɽ忴ȥ޲֮ͬǳڴ˴֮ˣضϲ
ǲɸ𣿡Ҧˬʵķʵġ̸еģҪľǶԷΡɽҪܱĴҿȡöԷΡ
ȻĿֻдǰѺЩٱɽľ飬ҲҪ档ΪɽĹٱˣԼĵλй¶ȥ
Σ̸Ц˵Լ̸еġû飬ȻҲû顣СආֻðĿͶԼҶţ
ʷҦˬĿػһһΨʼӵʷҦˬҶţڡ
棡
Ҷţ룬һ£վҦˬʷ£½ʵʵİ˵ˡ
湻͵ȡĵģ
˶ʱʲôˣֻõײײ˷ɽ
һߣһ滹ǰ￴ض˶ָ㡣
Ǻ£һǵ£ʵ¶ʱ˿ۡȻ¶˵ͱҶţϡ
λֵܣô죬ҪˣҶ󽫾£ǵ𡱣Ҧˬ䣬Խɽ߾Խ䡣ʷܿǿ֧šҦˬͲˡ
аɡҶţ˻£޻һ֪ޣޣʵ
ҶţĦϵ£᲻ãֻҦˬ·ʷģӣ׳ģӦܰȥ
ʷϰֻʣһˡ
ƲƲ죬˵ҦˬӣƽɻҪˣۣʱ˻Ҫˣӡ
Ȼ֪ҦˬĿġҪЩ˶µĿȺҶеΡ
ǽ뱱ɽʼ˵Ӷˡ
ԭΪЩʻԣ˰˼ԷôôֱĿ
ڿǵѾȱһ̶ֳȡ
ôɽҪֻ֣бɽΪһ̽ˣɽֻһ˾֪Ҫôÿɽе̽٣Ҫôȫ¶Ҫںˡ
Ȼ֪ҶҲиˣ岻֪ܰظ㵽ңͶ˵Ҳиǧˣôһɽϵֻ̽أ
ΨһĽ;¶Ҫˣ˾ܼٻð
ůʿʼȱôǵʳǲҲʼȱˣ
ҪǣҶѾʼҡˡ
˾Ͳ˼ֻһ¡ǳڽҶ಻ڳͷǣǺۣϷŹ¡
ⶼ˵ھ޴ʳȱ£Ҫʼɢˡ
ҦˬƲﶼЪ졣
λλ¶ҪǰˣҶ˵Ͱ͸λûɣҵʱˣ»λġҪҺϸ綳ɽˣҲû취ʱҶ󽫾
ʲôҶ󡭣
Ϲ˵ʲôأ֣ܲסǲǣҶţǳ
ҦˬͷЦСʹ
λֵܣ㿴⺮µģɳȥǶǿ˰⻰˵ݡ
ӹѰҶ֪һǻڶ滹һӣ㹻һˣТλˡҼסݸɽأˣλȥݣͰӸţҪǻȥ˾͸ļ˰ɣ
˵ƣҶţϿޣȴ˿ͣӡ
ʷֻصϡ
Ҧˬź첩ͬ顢ҶźͲջ򡢺˵˵Ǵ⼸ආµ˼
ǲ֪õһӵΧڶͬ£ûȥ
ҦˬЦֵıԼ±ڼ䰤ĳ
ʷҦˬǰߣǶѧκգԼĽųҦˬ֪Ѿн˴һңƿҪӽפˡ
ȻΧȫǲͨĺӡҦˬֹͨ˶ʷˡ
ܿͷϵ·ͱˡ
ҦˬգգۣδӦǿ⣬ǰ淴ĹâҦˬʶۡ
Ҧˬϵûн⿪ûвġǰվŰѪΪŨأ뵶оָĶ֮ճȥ޲ðƤǡ
ɱɱɱ
ȣۻ룬÷ᣬսս
˫۾עţȫ˸ĺӣ˿ȥԮϸɪɪǡ
Ҷ̿湻ģǰ˰Ǹ˸
ϧˣҦˬʷԼɱ˵ģƽ˻øŽʿһͬıɱȼ˶ˡ
ʹҦˬҲΪְĹȽ϶࣬ŻῴЩˡҪɱ￴ȥۻĺδؿùҦˬС
ȻˣҦˬЦСҪʮһϣֻܵŴ˺ˡ
ҦˬȥȫûбνŻֻ۽һֱڴⲨˡ
Ϊ˱䣬˴ֻ£Ⱥڣ֮ǰڲǲ֪רŲġ
˼ǣﴩµĺӵΪ˱仹Ѿûмټ¿ˣ
ʷʶĺҦˬһۣ֪ʼط
ƬפڰɽϡΪڳ͢Ҷ˽֣ڼ¡£˭Ҷðѩĳ̣ǲŲضأܹפݣפء
طķΧһȦȥÿһ䷿ݶࡣȻӦΪ˻ߣԼסݣʿչҶİӡһҡ
ʹҶಢûнܹΪϵͳĽԷȻʶ˽Ҫԡ޹ֺԷһ壬мٿԸ˳˳Ю˽󹤡
ҦˬЦ˼ǣôҶסһ棿
ҶЦŴӷ߳
ҦˬʶȥҶ࣬ƬݾȻ룬ƫࡣ
Ǹ㿪˵ĺð취ǲ֪ҶలסмǸù˭ˣ


101 
ҶǴЦ߳ġ
ҦˬʶԷߣɰͰһͷȥʮˡϴ£ڣһʵӡָؽڴֲִдϸ˿ڣһǳɻˡ
ԣʹ춼Ǻʹһɻ
ҶĲʵպհ
ҦˬĹά˿ûиıҶĿǸӲ硣
˶֮˻治ɫǸֵӲӡУ׳Ǹ˵Ӧþе
ݴţ˵ã˹ϵ֣ƺһԸǮԷŪ¡һװģ
λԶ룬롱Ҷ͸ûղŵһĴʷҦˬƫһ䷿ӡ
һȥһûУطΪտɽ˾һ㣬һӣӡ
ƵģҦˬһƳ֪ڣϵë̶ûĥɾء
ƺûרҵľͷӵĶҲҶĲ¡
Ҳǣԭũҳ󲿷ֻԼˣαǮľ
һ󵱼ӿһˣ漴ȫͷ
ҶףЦǺǵĿڣˣλֵɰ󣡡
ҿȥİɣҦˬһЦлҶ
֪λֵγƺǰΪ£
Ҧˬҵ֪صǰ͸š
˵˵ţҦˬ˵Ҷ󽫾ҡ
Ҷࣺ
ֵǶأ㶼ô˵ˣҵȻֻܡ
Լˣλ̨ܵ
·ң͢ǰ̸аһ¡Ҷа׼
аʲôа
Ҷһ㶣ƻûӦأµˡ
Ĺƨʯͷζͭۺ޲Ҧˬ
ʲôƨа͢Ҫа֮ǰôֵܿô죿
ʯͷ˸ĸ͡˽ͷӶ۷׷ס
ҦˬΪҶŻῪʼˡ
ȱʳĸͶ͢λҲ׸һͶеĻˮ㡢ҷԴ
ҪǣΪҶԼûõҪôҦˬ֮ǰ֪ҶҪôԸأҪôѾͶ˼Էأֲǽ
ĿԾǶԷסȣһʱ֮´ͷûϵӦơپϵĿȴҲ޷ķչȱʳĹȦС
ҪôҶӵأͼıչҪô͸ɴֱͶܻٵҶΪѵĵز
Ȼ˳һͨҶڷˡ
λһԡ
Ҷһ˵ö
Ȳᳯ͢аǲһ£ҵҪʶλΪҪ֪ҵ˵͢Ҫа֪Ҵزʶ޽顱
ҦˬЦ˽֪˵游ھسսУΪսҪǳС裬ܼҸ׾ʧںСӳ£䶾
Ҧˬ˿·ѵʶһҵǰΪҶ֣شαңԭ֮سΪۡ
㡢ҪǡаҶ㶣ͶϣȻ󽵶ѣɱپһݵģ
Ҧˬƽ˹أƽӪͰɲɣƽأҶԸǰȥϵسñضΪԸҶͶ
ȻҶԸЯݣʵٺòˡ
˵Ҧˬյ⾡
Ҷ࿴΢ЦҦˬʶüûԹԼķչʳ⣬Ѷȼֱ
һķͶĸֹԭ󹤣ǰͶЧ඼Ѿҽˣزȥǰֵ
һͼĳطǶߣƵĻױپСϾپôˣҲں֮ǿ
ԭҶĲ¸޷ķչפء෴ģΧղ١ȱʳټϹͬĵ˹پͣҵЪϢѵõİݸʴ¡ı£˵ìѾ
Ҫһ·
ڰǰֻ·
һ׳ʿȥԼЩҽķ˿ܣıչ
ôĻһپˣսûˡ
ڶͶس£س´˱Կ̱˭֪Է᲻ȸˣǱƭȥ˽ֱ֮ͷǡ
ͶسáĿǰõķӣһƽȪݲԶȫʱϵسĿǰæո򲻵ܱԼ
һĿŵͶسãǼֱžžĴسµԷƱػὫжд̣޲ó֮졣
Ҫýϸߵĵλô͵Դ͡ʲôȺͱسһĸã
Ҷ΢Цթسһ·ƺߵ·ӡ·ƫƫҲߡ
ǰ֪ͨʲôôأ
λֵ˵ЦˡҶЦú񣬡ҪҴ˵ĳΪҪϵڲűأ֪Ҵݷ꣬ءôСԣ˵˵Ϸԣ
֮ǱˣǵĿĵʲô
ҶŲǸṩһ·ӰˡҦˬЦţһתΪӢһң
Ҷ΢ЦҴ𣿡
˵ЦˣӢȻֻؼСҦˬ΢΢һЦ
Ҷһأ¶ˡ
һ¹µҰġ
ҲǣȺ۲𣬹ؾͲʮѾһؾҶ࣬Ϊ硢ˡ
ô˼ҲġѵǰΪͶؼֵеһ𣿻˵
ҪҪسãͶ㡣
Ҷϸ乡
µʷͷ졣
ǼȲҶģҲȰаġ
ʺġ
ΪĿǰΪֹ㡺ζԣõ״̬ؼֵܻţǧҪһһǿϾһһ̲һһͳԭ֮ƾ鷳ˡ
Ŀǰֺأسýͷöæ֡ϷƵƵسһ޶ͺԴӶù
ؿȪݸۣζž޶Ǯ룬ܹĻ⳯͢ûǮ⡣Ǯ̡ܹܹ֡
ʱҶڵȪݾһ𵾲ݣѹ˭ϾͳҪһ⡣
سԴ˽꣬һֱڴصĻңɱҶˣһؿȪݸۡسÿɽۻǲΪȪݾس½ϽԸسµõء˵˻ҵľûƣţ
˶Ȫݸۻ£ݻƫҪʺ
ΪݵĿĸȪݸۣȡʱ䡣
εнʽȴʱȱĲȪݸۣʱ䡣˵ĿĶأȪݣҶϡ
ΡҪġ
Ҷ಻ҦˬԸԸаͶ˭س»᲻ᱻҶ౳һس಻ҶͶһҲҪ
Ҫʼԥʼ档ڼǼµʱ䣬ǰոʳȹ̺زҪġ


102 
лλֵֻܴµֵҪ̸ˣλʹȥĺݡҶЦǺǡ
ֿ
ҦˬƤЦҵȳէزģиڲȽϰġ˼ֻҪһӡ
ô
ڵµʯͷǺɣ
Ҧˬڰ֣ǰ
ʯͷһҲֱ̫ˣ
׵Ҷ֪Էѻ˵زˣζҪһˡ
ȻˣҶԲסλֵܡҶຩЦЦˣ˰ϣȥݡ
Ҧˬȥ㶣·ûϵԼһ仰Ȼֱ
һ·ȥ˱ݡ
ӲʲôãһûСֻķһС䣬Ĵаֵڡ
谵Ӵ䳱ʪĴֽȽϱһֱˡ
طΨһֵóƵһŻ𿻿˯ϯضߡȻҵǣǻѹûչˡ
ԺҲˡ
Ҧˬ廨ţһ汻ţҪһǼ
磬㿴ͷô䣬һˣǵǵĴƣ硭
ҦˬţͼȥƲ³
ʯ˵ˣˡɣʲôţɫаǰϣ˵صСආЦЦ
顱һľͷһأʷͷƫȥϢЦ˺һűñ˫ֳҦˬϵĲš
˾ôӣ־һͬû˵ⷿӸ΢ͷ
Ҧˬʷţ˿ʼڶԷд֡
ѿ밲ȫԱرѵĿäС
˫ʱҪ˶ĿһЩõĵǱʻĿᱻ򻯣ȥȱ첲ȣдɷˡ
Ψһëֶּ֮ƽддЩȱʻۣҦˬ·Լд˺ü֣ӶͬһͨЦӡ
ʲôʱҲдЩʻ־ͺˣ
ҦˬҲһĶд֡
˵أ룬˭
ʷҶסмƫķӣ´ƫ࣬ô´ҶмǼ䷿ס˭
Ǹʯ
Ȼ
Ҷ˵껰֮󼴿ˣһϰ˵ӡ˲ҶĸҶͷ
ԣʯаҶԥҪҪаͶ˭ΪáԣʯҶĸ
ʷдΪ㼱ȣ
벻׵ʯȻܹΪҶķߣݵģδҲ̫ȣ̫û˰ɡôµСආ˵
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ʷһ㶣ΪΣ
Ҧˬ࣬˵עʷź˶Ϊ棬ûӣûôע۽һֱڴܡ
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ȱʳѾһʱ䣬ʯ³çûӵԸǲǸپһսѾɽˡôڻȱأ
ҲпҶѹţٲȻʯǸ³çװġʷֱȻѡ
֮ҦˬڲЦˣ˸ۣΪʷ̡
ҶҪѹסԷͲˡʯװģôݼҲ̫˰ɣȻܹʱװõˮ©Ҷв¶ʯһ³çӡ
ʷͷԼ˼ǲܡû˵ʲôһʯģһûʶĿɵ
ΪʯģܹѸ´ǵжôش͹͡õפضһϤأ
˭
Ҧˬݳںڰ³֡
Ҷţ
ʷһΪΣ
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ҲпֻɺϣҶôࡱʷüʡ
һ˸磬Ҧˬʱ²ݲݸûϵֻҵĲ²ˡһ㣬һȷ
ʲô
Ҷ·ϣЩѺɽİƺ󲿷ֶҶţġ
ʷ룬ʱҶţʷ°ԼϣΧļСආƨҷһ
ʱΪҶξϸҶ˾ôأԷ׵һոºʵ£Լëû̵ٶЩˣûʲô·𻹾Ӧ¡
˼ǣ㻹ǵǸ˵ʲôҶ󡭡ĸֵС𣿡
ʷŬ䣬˵ҶţǳǸСආһĻ
ǰҦˬ̾һ£дԭΪҶಿѾɢײʿҶˡ룬ЩӦҶţţ־һͬıҶࡱ
ҦˬƲⲢû˵ʷܹ֤ҶţҶʲô֤Ҷţסм䷿ˣ
ûа취֤Ҧˬ֪Ϣ̫٣ƶϲ
ĿǰΪֹĲ²ǣҶţҶ༫пݣЩ֮Ϊ˷ͻΣգҶҶţס뷿ڣҶţԼ
ҦˬЪ˿ȻƵпֹܲһҶţֻһˡȻҪҶţѱˡʶԼãڻˡ
Ҧˬ̾ƲģҶɾеĺÿˡ
Ʋģѱ˵һġʷ
ҦˬΪ棬㿴ȥƺеͬҶţ
ݽ棬ܹžѾΪˡʷ̾һ䡣
ҦˬƵЦôϧ㻹Σյ񣿡
ɲСӹҼң·ݳ͢ûаȴľͷءаˣһмĿԱҶͶ״ɱسûس£ǶԸ
ܹ˳ɱϢˣ㲻ʲôͣͷҲð
ԣҦˬʷСİѿ棬һ𳹵׽а˻ˮ
ͬʱǻ뱣֤Լİȫ
ʷԭһǲĳɹֻ͡
ڹǶϣƽĺǰ׹¶Ұˣʳ»սҡ֡ġʱߣٳȥֻͿ̿
ҦˬЦ˵ĺжôȻƵġ
ʷҲЦ˽˲ЧԽԽĺ֮㿪ʼ븮á˻ٲŬֻλҪøˣ
ҦˬƲƲ죬ȫͳȫᰲȫˣȨ㰡
ڷȨ̫ء
ʷЦѣܹιƽµǰҪϵȨһжǿ̸Ҵ޴ѹ֮٣ս˭ѹһͷаͱҴ󣬱Ҷ࣬Ҿˣ
Ҧˬĺüͷ֪ʷΪô˵
ѧԺ꿼Խ븮õľ󲿷ֶѧԺˣֱӼѹ˵طѧԺ˵Ļᡣ
ڻһЩȵ̸󣬸ѧԺ׷׽֮󣬴ǰЩ徭ѧʥ֮ԵǻᱻѸż
֮ǰΪ˿ƾٺһӵѧǣڸǣ뵱ٶڲˣζһӵŬֱġ
жܹ徭ͷѧµĽ̲أ
롢ȵȣǱܹ֮븮ãȴԴĹ飬ҲΪֲһ˲šн꿪ļߣҲá
һѧԺԴԴӿ룬˵ռᱻѸټѹ
УѾʼͼˡ
˵ϵľټǵĺѣƼѧԺӵܣͼӻڼѹѧԺʿ
ţ˵ĵֻ޼ɵ
ڣʷµİȫƶ˲ټƼˣкһЩ˾΢ʡ
϶ƫѧԺɵˣкΪ²λΪѧԺһѧִĵӣϲλġ
鷳ǣ漰֮
ѧԺΪ˸˾޴ѪǾ󲿷ѧԺѧαмߵĺøжȣкüͼ
ƫƫѧԺɵĶǶ峣ģͶǱġͬģһ޷⣬ΪԸһŮǹ£ǵ˾
仰˵ǸϣλؼӣϽ
˫ԭָ֮ΪЩ޵İӿڸһƬ֮¡
ʷҦˬ˴£ǳڳѶȵҪǳڶεҳϣǳĵ롣ڹ˽ǶҲ


103 
λϺáЦǺǵĽ˶á
ɫ磬ϰԭ磬ԼĪ͸緹С̯һšڴһ˶ã˵Ƥһ
ü˸ոտأҵ񻹲̫ϰҹ飬ոϡ
緹أνһ䡪
һʱһ¹ؾڵһ¡
ʲô

ëȻ˯涼ûˡ
ּᴩڴʼա
ᵳӪ˽ǽᵳΪʵԼ롣͢ǳ䵱ΡΡɽֻŵͼǰ˼߹ĵൽһһѡ
ټϻʵ۲ôҡ
ΪԵľ֮׸θ¹˺˺úҡڸĸϣƺų¹죬ʯϪ˻졣
ƺ֮ԱھأҲвԭΪ¹ըˣƺľ֧ס˺ʯϪǹھ
¡˫׷Ҹϣҷ̨һˣҾ㷽ĳԱˡһͨս
Ȼʵλ֮ǰĻˡ
ĸλʵǸɫ÷࣬ǿᰮ޵ӡľ̡޶԰ҵ
ʵ۲ϳżԶ̴һ³߸ɴദޡǻʵ۵Ȩһֱƽȥڸ
ͬʱǻΪΪ˽׷ס
ʵ۰ͲôǶء䶼ǳŽᣬǼֱ군ˡʱǺƽʵ۷ߡ
˴°̿ϹڵĽͺֲۡԼΪþߣڶĳǵʵȹԼĵλΪڹڼã
һοʱ򣬾ˡ±Ȼʵۡתһ룬Ҳûʵۡ
ʹ˷ûʲôÿ춼æҪĶʱǶ
Ҫǣʲôʱݺ
ô֪
תͷȥߵƸľ壬ۿԷһڡϵӡݺҧһͷԺһҪ۾쳤䣬ҲϹˡ
ϹĹеڵĸ߼ˡ
ڣ¼¡οüžĹԱ˵
һգȫڲƽŹȫʹ󣬷˫ִԭƽֻ徭ѧЩƾٰ˹ɣҲ֪ôİȫơŭط˵ƽ΢ʶֲأʥ֮ԣȴѧЩɼĩ˴ִݱΪ֫ͻ
գ½Աѿ԰֮ΪѵĦϷԣѧԺ˽Ϊӣʶ˾ŪЩС˼ıûʾ֮
ʮһգľϣܹȡӷڹ˽ӷ˼άʵշϣʶƸ˸롣˸ԱΪɾܾ󣬳ľ壬͸øһ𣬻ؼȥɡ
ýɫ䡣˸亹乣ѧԺѾŭ̬֮
λżƵ¹ʻ˺ü𡱣΢Цţ˵ʮաʮգƷ¹ʡѧԺͷѧԺ໥ġӣƶԷշչΪŹ
˪λɷңΪʲô
һ̣ɫͻ䣬һºͰݵ̬ѵõĳõĴҪˣλҪ˵㵸ֱͬк𣿡
ȫż
ˣЩ˽˶Ź˵ˣҲЩˣҲ㲻ʲôûĽƸС̽
ЦЦǰ㲻ʲôټƽ԰֮ľԳѧԺϡ¼ΪѧԺأ
˳
Цºͣټ⼸ݹأ
óķݹģ˳ִȥ
ǵһõֵġ
ոմ򿪹ģͰһҪ𣿣
ǹϺȻдϣܹؿƾ٣˹ɣش֮أ̷
ˣǸʲôӡƼǲж
˳һʣµݹģЩһΪ⣬װָ˾Ϊ䣬о֮߳
ҲˣΪɵƻȻдźϸȥѧԺڵŮӣŮ겻ͬϯŮͬУֱǻѧ
ȥεɫ
ˣҲмݹġЦ
оҲˣɴĴ˹ġ
Ȼο룬ڰ粻Ц硣
ĹķݣݣݶĴ¹ʡôί񣬶ֳϣܹٷѧԺʿ¼ȡ
⵹ǸδƣϾѧԺضΪλͼ˵ЩѧԺʿʲôûɫ
ⲻ͸ǰ˵Ҫָ˹ɵĶɵһԭѧԺҲǾӢɵӵġ
˫׹ĵ⼸Ǵ൱
¿ݹﻹгҪٷѧԺɣ˿һѧԺɵģȻͦе
ʲôŮԡӡżָֻš˵ʵԼҲͦġ
඼ͬţҺԽ롢ܹģżеë̡
Щ˻ԴϢһͺ޲˾ǰԼĹѻߣСĹϵѳһСĻ
֮⣬иֺϹٵģҪݷϸ˺޲ܸ˾ţ
˵ʵһҲϲַΰܻһһ㿪ʼġݲ꣬ȴѾôǰЩҵҵź˾ڿ˼ֺϹٵӶԶȥˡ
ÿǹûꡣٲҪǲľ仰˾ϹҿйĴкϹҪı̿ТҪȥң
ʱҶ˵һ֣ɵһĬԵľ«˵ỹҪһ޵ɰɽͷͬ졢ڦͬš
ŲӾҪ˵ʱ򡣱˵ˣǻžͼΪˡ˵һ֣㹻оסСӡ;ɢҪת˲ɿա
κ£ʹɵ㶵˸ʵ⣬һ㡡Ҫ˭ȥ˵ˣҲ⣬ӲΪûɫҲСЬ
ǰһûʲô⣬ǺúùֻҪԭԴû鷸µСܱݡ
ǰݣϾʱӾʹĸ׺һ˫ŮǰȥҹУһڿĻĶŮ궼ѧˣɼܺãܹѧԺ
ֱͦ˼ˡɻ쵽ÿһн궼ǺϷģ´ÿһڰǣǵӱøá
ϲָоʱҲı䡣
˹ģȵĴһִͨΡϡվˡֻ֮֮ҵһﵳĵزʶģϵģҲָʹλ
˼Ǵҽ˵һ˵Ϊ͵ˣǧɢһ˸׹ޣѪϴʹɵ¡
ʶģľЦһĿڹֻǼС͵Сķ˿ڹˣڱܷ֮ڣȨġΪ˸վܾҵĲ鿴󣿡
⡭⡱˸Ҳ֧֧˵
ľ״ЦһʱҲһܰˣǺôҲڵ鹤ѾܾҡˣѲҲһʱ𣿡
αطҪִҽ֪ⲻ˿Ŀİһ㶡
ľЦԼ˵ˣɡˡ
գûҪһ˵Ҿݣ


104 
λο£ɫƽ
վҲǣҲǣεòУϾ˵ľڵʵĻᡣ
׵ٶ꣬Ƥ˲١
ˣҵְǰǩ֪ͬ顣չ涨Աߵһηۣȥ֮һٺЧȡ
˸˿ûãֻǿ۵Ǯˡ
΢΢ͷ⣬ǹһΡ
˸ɫɷףÿǹһΣֱζŽ׿пܻᱻȡһ꿼ϸֱӾͻᱻ͡
ұǹĻյĵĶнٺᱻȥķ֮һ
ɷ㡿
˸ҧˣ֮
ȥľǸεȽͬţȻָѰͬţٱⵢԷ
˸ǺҧסӣֻĿ⾡۽ϡġͬġգһ졣
ʵڱǸ˸հͷľһ
ľ̹Ȼ֮
һ¶ôǹȥˡ
Ȼ˽ˣǾͽһɡһַֽţһݡ
֮Ĺڻ⵳һµķλһԺҵۡ
ڸоͷʹ
̾˿֪ϵ¶ǹȥˣҪǲҳֻ緹ˡ
ֽϸϸһ顣
ֻֽд顣ѧԺרҵԣ¼
һ㶣һܹ⣬ì
һѧԺصصѧԺҲýˣõԭѧ˿ڰ׿ˮɤӡ
ѧԺѧǱǾøѧԺɴֶ֮ȵһڸѧԺУҪţҲС֮䣬γӰ޴ڶϵ
ҪѧԺĻôһʦƸͬͷʡ
ĿǰԤСʦѧԺг󲿷ֱֻӶա
ôɣ
һ£ѧԺĻߵһضõʦԺҪѧԺˡ
Զǰأǲǲ̫ãһʦߣѧһµѧԺ˲Ŵҵȸڡ̽ʦգнƸʦ
ﻰⶼϣѧԺʦߡ
õģмŮѾѧԺˣʱ˱ȡ
οֵ룬ô˵ڲǼˡܹɽǰԼĿȻ˽¸СΪ˽ҲΪοˡ
ҪʦĻλĶôʦѧԺʦܶ඼ǸԱεġ
紬Ľ˻ѧԺ촬Ƶʦ
ȻҪµѧУԺ˱ĵ̣ҲҪմ˴ξ飬µѧԺǾ͸ɴôʱ۾顱¥
üǻ⣬һ࣬Ͷ࣬¥ĿҲߡ
νѧԺƳɽͷ⵳ڵ⣬Ȱѵˣ֡
ηˣҲڿһʣǡ
ôɻ˶ԡ޸ѧԺһ飿
˷׷ҡͷ
΢ЦһĿΪռԭҪġ㲻Ϊ˽ϵҲӦõġ
˶٣ȥһ⡪Ϊ١
һ
ĹְԱֻй٣еǵˡ
汲еʱһԱλܹӣӴǰѳŵĻ㣬һЩӳƣܿһ⡣̰գˡ
ĿǰСѣĺݵĽͨȽ͸ȿҲǹġͳƹڹû
һݵ̿ʼ󣬸ԼѧԺ׷ֻɵѧԺѧǿعٸö֮ʹû˹֮Щ˶ʱ￪ʼ¢λ
뱾ΪٵֻԼ٣Լûйֻ֮ҪǸԱΪٵĹء
ЦȻǿֳԷˣ赭дΪĸ֣絶罣
ֻҪ뿼ٸģҪΪٵ׼ͬʱͬһŹ
һֱûз㡼ն˶ۣ֣磬ΪһߣŮȢϽ˿ڡ
λ˱ڴΪΪľ飬Ӧö֪⼸ɷ㡻ܣٹãЩԱ취ݰͻɷʽʽ¼˾ϣλط
ĪҪ꣬ȴλͬŵһϧϧ
ΧһӾλǵڶ⣬ԡ
ΪϵѧԺѧԺɡ˽ѧУռ˽ڽѧԺɷֶ֮ɸѧԺټΪ٣ڶһײͬһѧԺıҵ
һѧԺɾͱɢɳ
ͬʱĲռֻʹ÷ѧԺרҵʿԽԽ١
ʱѧԺɱֻ䣬ѧԺ˶Ҫûˡ
򰡣
һƲߣһĵ
Ҳһ⡪һ徭д˹ɵ˵ǰ·
ȻҪԣΪҪ¼ƸԪӿϢϢأʶȷʡ
긮ΪκȻôǰԵķѧԺӵܣʵ
Ѱǰ𡢴ըԵأ׹ǱأҰˣܵϼҴڵѡ
治ԪţݵӦ۵ҲˣҶ֪ݷ˾аӹ
Щݻ˿ڱǣ飬ϣܹݲ˿ڡ
ԭأЦǿڿഫûٸ֮ǰͬݸнˮװɡ
ǻʶĸ˾ͬǣٿʼѧԺɳӿ˸¼С
Щ˶ж鹦ףѧϰٶȼ죬ͨõĿԲѣܹڹٳģ඼˾ӡ
ʱжֻ̣ݵķȴûʶеںɰٴ
ѧԺ˼мĲͬټЩϹ缫أŻѧìܡ
Դĳ϶ԣؽõġȵѧԺ׷׽֮λЩѧԺʿȥѧԺѧϰһʱ䡣
ܲҵǣȵصѧԺ׷˲ʱҲôȱˡ˵ֻȱרҵ˲šһ徭ѧ峣ֻƾٰ˹ɵķѧԺʿҪô죿
ڵ̫ˡ
ȫµĶ˶ڶ徭һһӣȴ֪ٸˡ˿ƾʸֱӻɱ
ʱϢòƽֺαض¶ˡ
Ҫԣ
ԪɫǺ죬ĲСҪԵĻЩûܿѧԺɵǸϢ
ң⼫¶˹ġ
ûϵͷѧԺʿϵǼҪ˹ɿƾ٣Ȼã
Ӷ±Ƶģ˵ǶɵӣԭǶɵӰ
ԣ
ҪԣΪεдǼ¼ȡ
ɣǹɣ
һ飬Ȼ㡵ͼ
Ϊ˰ܱһˣΪ˼¶˵Ĺڵ˵ڶԡ
Ȼ˹ɡ峣ֶ̭ʱơ
Ծ˵¼ȡ
ǼԣҪϼǿеⲻǰⲻ¼ȡ
ǵġһ̨˵֪ʲôǻȷֶ̬Ƹʮʮ֮ڳ

ǰô㵹ûи㰵ˣֻǰߵ˶ѡ
λȵøףЩд˹֮⣬ʲôҲˡҪһμʱ䣬ٶ峣˵ռȡ
εֻܹƽȹɣмǲ֮ȵʮ֮ԾͿȡˡ
һƱػȥӡרҵˣ˾ͻתȥơֻҪܵٶʲôҪ
泰֮⣬º꣬ٳ¹ªϰʶľҪ롣
Ϊֹֻܹ֮ӦƸڣ⣬Ա벻䡢Ա𣬲κοĿרҵǷѧ
ǰζְͨþͺǰ;ζżпдľ̨ͬԡ
һǰ;ʱضʧо޶ֵĿԣȥѧԺģѧѧԺĽ̲ġ
ϾѧɨäֻҪһһٸͭӵѧӷѰˡ
һЩѧԺǧΪ˼ԣ
ԪüͷڷѧԺɶԣǸϢǸشͻϢ
ǵġν͵еƸʽרҵƸֻǼһ԰ˡ
ԪüĿʱչ
ĿǰƸȷҪĳĳĿҵ߸ɴҪмľ顣Ҳ˵ҪôѾѧϰҵҪôԭҵصĹ顣
ڼʹһԣҲķѧԺʿ븮ãֻͨԣģ޵ıȴҸѧ½̲İˡ
Ͼһȫ̷ȫ¶˶ڶİ˹ģӰδҲ̫ˡ
ȵȣһ
˽ѧԺռ˽ִɢѧɡԼȰЩרҵԼǿĸλİ˹ǣֽѧԺڲֻˣϾ͵ĸд˹ɵġ
ǲǱŸ㵳Ҹ׳нûˣ
ֲǣռάȣȫǸԭҪġ
һʯʡǮ
Ԫ̧ͷκ㡣΢ЦԪȴʶ˸
εˣȻ࣡


105 
Ƴϵļ·ļ죬˵εѿھͱϣ˵ֻΪ˺ӿϵһķߡ
Ϊ޷ġ
˵ĵط涷Ϊ˽ĻΪֻǼ˱ϸ΢˸ʶһǵеһ֡
Ψһľǲϼǿ˼һһ
ⳡѿڵĻ֮սָء
Ͻڵһˮء
ǵģʱ꣬ݵĽзˮաȻʹˣˮ·ϵӦûмһ·Ҫߡ
ĿǰΪֹʮʵ顱ˮ·κվڻ·ϣسǵһ·
ǰѾǳĻ·ˣʮθݲͬɵˮ·
ʵ׵ˮʵ飬ԭʵ黹˳ʵһŴʵ·״ϡ
κޱơˮз꣬һֱĿۿ˵ɹûϵǰˮ·ͳô⣬ڻҪһ𿪷ˮ豸
ֻҪһ;ó·
ĿǰҪֵЩ
κ侲ġʲôҵԭ϶ûеʱЩˮȫݵĽǻʱһģʯʯʯȾࡣҤ¶ȵȵˡ
·̶ȡǷҪӵ㡢ʲôĵΪˮȡˮѷȵ⣬ʤѾ·ˣκƶȫȺҲ֪ȵĻǼġ
Ҫγ
һᾡġκżĿˮ·ǾܹݺϿͷ޽ϣܹݸ
һʵٶȾͻü죬ڼսһơ
ˮ·Ŀٳٲ깤ϲϼпܵسսпΪˮϾ޴ʽͶϿ
κôܲ
ǲҪˣκΪѾԶˡոձҵͱ䵽κ¡
κƺζǰȥѧԺϹΣʶҲֱ˵ʡ
ҡͷٵͷĿǰһȷڲѮһεϢʹʾسһڸ飬δҶ̸
ͬʱھŸɽڵҦˬʷδǱҪϹ·ݣʱڽУûϢõϢ
λģҪ̵ĻƱػսǰԱһԣսǰͼ뿪صģҲŶ뿪
ǶΧЩǰ·ʵ͹˵ġЩ˾󲿷صˣӦ˹ٸ·
ŷ֣ݹǰսǲָͬв̶ͬȵĺʯȵȹ԰κƽʵؼʵ顣
δӦսǰߣɻ䣬Χžһ˼˸ӲΣҾʾл
ؾ뱻Ҳµʱ䣬ݣ꣬ͬͬˡصصİսңĿӡǲûҪݸ̬ͬȡ
κܵЩսսʱ̻Լᱻȥ׳ȥʡڲӪں
ƲƲ죬ǲмһɵӣ뿪ؾֻܹĳǳؼûǮûѵܲͷ¶𣿾ܹǣصĹ¢ϣҵõı·Ӳء
˵ˣĵطһ׹¶Ұؼ໴˵ˡ
ػǸ֣ƸۣܹͬڴսһݹѫºʽȱӼֱ̡
սһҵȿһͬս
ԾԾԣѧƲǾ÷ҹˣɽҵĿȴδȥ
úڱϼɡֵսΪβȥӾ
ﲻѻ
ΧʱһЦ
ȫ׳꺺ӣ绰ſھ
ëûСӣؼҺȥɣ
ӪؾǷЦֱţ¸ͣǵëˣôս
ޣ˭˵ӲսˣݸֲҪǣ
ղųЦǸ׳ҲפľǴݸģѵصľһܹһ⣬ֱǳ˵
ͷ֮ǰصر˵һһˣһһϡ඼ʹڣҲֻܹ³һ⣬׳жĽǰﵱˡ
ﵱĲˣҲûӡ
λȡ׳е㲻̫ӦһСӺǲ˵Ҫʲôʱʼ
ο׳Էݾݵģȫϡ׳ۡҲǣԲĶܳԱˡͷĶܳԱˣ
ʱҪɱ顣ʿǵĸҵǿǰȸǡ
οΧԽԽ£ԼûȺͨʿһʮһһ⣬ܱιܹʹزҲûͳġ֮⣬ڻܶһ⣬ؼҡ
ЦЦܹʿˮ
ΪʡʳϣȫݺأͬκڣַʳǸඹӡסҰ˲ŵףԽȥֻҭɤӡ
ЩʿȴܹԵôãΧȺȻ̾ǵȻĽۡ
κƶһۣһյļƻˡ
ĹԭǸģصضڴͷǵıĴʼն
θɴѲˮ·֮˸жκԸ̰ʵĶɵԿ飬ֻи
൱ˣԼǮ׳ġ
ΪʲôΪѲˮ·ȻΪִֻ׿˵ı֤ðǰģ޶λ˭
Ϊ߳٣׿ŵ˸ֻһˡ
ΪﲻݣٸûʱԽŽɵ˸ࡣ
ڶۼΪʵ
ڶ죬ǡǾӪݼٵӡ
ֱΪֹйְԱĶɫвͬı־֮⣬ͨİոϲĸĸš
ʱΪӦƸٸĹӴɫ·ĸԱǶڹٸη˺ܶࡣ
ֿżɫ۵ףޱȵĲϰЦǺǵĸʿǴк
Ϊ׵ķԪЦǺ£ƹģһˮģ
ӲЦǺǿԪ
Ԫ󵱼ģҪҪ
λɾɻҪЩģƹЦͼƼǼҵĵġ
㣬İɣûӪĺóԡԪΪмİڰ֡
ţûٹƹģԹԺȲ飬һûһ
˵ԵͷȫˮִַʡСʿˮ
Ӫͷϸ£ѽͳϰˡԪ˿ڲˮĵҲɡ
Ŀˣ
λɾǾӪĻʳô𣿡
ԪӣطǸͨݣɷֹ󣬸ոأȲĶеҲƵġ
˵һµ졣
ˣλʻĿ˾Ǹɢ졣
ԪΪ޵ĿһۣҪӣ̫ϲ죬̫ѽѵҲ
ˣֻҪһ˰ˡ
ʳԾˣɡƽҲܳһ⣬ʱܳ׷żʳҪû׷ͳʲôͷ֮ġ
Ԫ̾˿ʳǷܱҲࡱ
;ɤ۶ҪŻѪ
ģֵµֵɻʮ춼Բһٱ˵ˡǽڣٸʲôϴҪ첻ȥˡҪϢûʲôƵ·ӣ᲻Ǯ
ҧҧʵλɾٸ򣿡
ԪЦЦΧǰ̽ͷ̽ԡ쳤˶Ŀǣ֪¶ǳˡ
Ȼ֮󣬹ھӪڵĻʳһѸɢ·ʵӪؿʼأ˶֪ˡ
ǸոջǶʳĿԸӵʱǾ󲿷޼ۣһȣԱ벩͵ĵӶʼ顣
صصǿ˸ͷ


106 
ʹսδѾɵĿʼսǰ׼
εһӦسս޾顣
ûϵسսо˻أ
ôࣿǰվŵһëʢҰˣ˼£˵˶ûУϾڶЩɬ
ǣȫˡ
ЦЦṩİ취õĻسսͿԻһɾη
Ŀǰ£ûа취Դбķˡ
ͷİնûܳԱأʱĶ˽˵ÿһηǹͺͺģһżªľ崲͹ͰʲôûС
ηڵĴɨɷԼ𣬿˵൱˾ˡ
Ǻʱɱң
ϲ̫ˣ˵Ӧ͡ոһյĹ¼ţ֪ʲôʱ£ֻܹ¶ģΨ
ԣһЦȻҪΪεس֮սأΪηҪسǵеʽȵȣ̽ҵȣ᲻ɱ㡣
̰С˶
ŭͷԴŭҳӣԶὭɽҰգǴ֮գ
¸ЦˣؼҵĽɽɲҰܻģҪˣҴˡҽ»Ȫȥؼķʵ˰ɣ
µϸֳһֶĳŪ׼㻹ܹǽ£ɽ꣬ߵأ
㣡ϱ˸
ҹҲʶֵģҲǸˣʥ鶼ȥ𣿣
˼±ǸЦЦҲǵʥ顱
Цȥϵ˻֮
ҳӣ˵ö֮
˵ϼᶨΪµϣϸǴôֵͬ췴Ҷ࣬سһҶ޵Ҫ
ƫƫҶռȪݣסسµߴ磬ƵݶҪʡ
һµĳ£ôǺͷسھǲʹǰȥаҶࡣϧǣõĴƺǺ
Ƥȥߵس±ŭѡ
ǳڿһʣгѰĽи˸⽻ĺ¡
ҵǣӹˣֻʣһ֧š
ںҪڳ֧Ųţ㽫νиԼةһԣĴƷٶ
ԣէŴʥּ۷ֱ٣·ҪݿˣԼһѣֻðѿҪȥַߵڵأزº񰮡
ةԣգ֮ƷγƷѲܵڻصʮ
˵ʲôʮԣҰʮжˮ֣˭֪
˵Ҳһ붼Уٿ۳ڵģǿһҪܵģиһ׳Ͳˡ
һû۳ǰأҪԵģΧ궼ûҶಿڡ
ԣֻ޹⣬ɫް³ؼ·ǰƭӼҪ˵
λɾѪְ֮
ᣬȥҲʮ߰ëͷСӡ
ԣúܣ·ߵƭӡ
͸ûԣķƵģƤһɽǡ
ԣһһҲţҽܲײˡ
λɾ
ǿԣȥģЦǺǡĵ˵ͷʮӣߺȵһԸɣǬ޲㡱
ԽڵĺӣԼһҵ˾ģתи鱨ȥҲģ
ҦˬҪȥ񣬳µءߵ鱨ҵҪչǷչ鱨ҵøѧӡ
ǡãҪɻˡһſɲ޵ɴΣɻ͸鱨һҲǲ̵ı¡
ԽǱһûһԣ߶µĻؼˡ
ΪԲס㡱ݺᡣջȨλžҵҵΪس°£ڽ긮λϡ
ƷӾ͵ûرܡԣξֻܵһƷС٣ǱԵشĺ¡
ûϵǣȻֱôһҪĲ¡а;г˵⣬ԣǸ޴ı
ҲˣҪ
˵ԣҽһģҾ˵öԡˣûбİ취ҪôѲɣҪôţҪôƯƯİѻˡ
ЦЦÿﶼʹࡣ
֪Īû˼ӣͣܰа¶
ѲǲܵģǾֻˡ˵֪Լλþɢȥ˰Ҳƣ´ͨؽڲűġҪùλӵҲԸġ
ɺ˵һϷǳӿģڱǹ٣ûسµԼˡ
ƫƫǹλس¹ưڰֻԼȥԣˡֻйλ֣ܹԶԮӣȨƣ˭ˡ
ǾȰĵȥڵȥǧŽҵ
ԣͷ絷⣬ǰĸҽ˸֣˵Ҵе֮ǡ
ûʧǣһҲɵƻʣ˶Ǯ
ʮ
ȥʮӣ
Ϊ˴㸮λӣ̩Ҳͨ㣬˵ʮӣһۡ
Ϊ˵֮ĸ֣ʮ
ǰԣһһϡ֣˵»㱨Ҫڿ죬ӹҪáȥҶ˵Ҫа֮͸Ҷ⡣ꤻ˵
аôһ¶
ҵĵ̸ɣҲȥҲȥ

ȷȥ˭̸Ҫϳʱˡ˵ˣ͢տڰͣѲҶˣ
ԣڣôûôɥˣЦͦأҹ֮ϣ緢ء
飬Сʱ飬ϷӳкԼ棬ˣʱ䣬
ģ
˸˵ֲСͲУƴƴ˸ٶ㲻ӲУ̬ȲУ

ºѲ꣬ſƮжӵŸոεԣؽ
ˣСġ߹СĽԣ
ԣĲǺѣβ̫ʡ
գչʾ˶ز¶Ĳؼ
Щʵ̫ͷˣϵΪ֮ж
ĺһգǼҵǶ궼δԹƬ
ԣŲŲΣԱһۣòƨɲͷҲʼˡ
ĺ
ô


107 
Խͷǲǰɾġ
ԣɫͻ䣬ΪʲôϹϵѲܻȥҪʮӣ
ԣεĲԽĻӣһ۵
еʮʿкüԣгʹŶӣЩƷС١
ˣԣ뿪˽ŷ֣ΪʲôҪͻˡ
ЩʿǾǱǿң󲿷ʱ䶼ϹϾĸԼĻ
ǰЩշʿǣΪһʵѲԸڵһˡ
Ȼֻа˭ûһ˾۷İء
ԣʹһˡ
ô𣿡
ãҲûʵ
ԣɵĿԽ˵ва
Ȼɾ٣Ի֮ߺóԺúȵĴǣ䲻ҪǾľΣ٣Աݵ»Ըקɾһѵġ
ԣ뻹еġϾҲʲôһķͷͰݵǾֻܺúЩʿˡ
ԣԾԼ𽵹󡢷θһڽʿͳͺȣżҪϹһ¶Է
ȻһнʿɫͻࡣϾ򷢳аֻʿһĵġԣĹͬˡ
Խôһ·ߣһ·ԣؼͼԣζȡһˡҶࡢʹڲڣԱ˳ѿаȡ
Ѿ³ˣصĽ˵Ҳָһ롣ڵܹҵһҺڵĹ԰棬κôһ
ûȥһ𺳵Ϣϡ
ԣˣ
һ±ƣ㡵ѴѶĵݸΡ
Ѷװд³壬ԣС
ԽˣĻŻû𣿡γ㡡
ҡҡͷݼǸԽдġ
κһ͵תͷ㡣ɵģ
ոԽı£ԣƤӵ±ɱˣҲʲôֵѶϢûҵֻһԣɱϢ
㡵ͷʵϾºͣԣ֮޹صӡ
ЦҿûлɱԣҲŵ˸Խ֮Ȩˡ
سõ˶֣
Ĳ˲Ծ˵ǸԽسõ˶֡
سòԸȪݹس£ض߾ȫƻа̸Ҷ̫Զسõ첻ôΨһԶֽŵľʹš
Ȫݹ·߿ѡ¸ݸȪݸȻԣضѡһΪ¸ƽسõء
ţǵڶֱȪݣͬɣƽĿԾǴӽȪݡ
̧ͷ㡣ֻϧĸʲôȫĵطϾزֻҶһ췴ȫضңҶ಻һɰˡ
ЦЦĽεƲ⣬سöҪ˶֣ʳܹѾɱԣˡ
׼ԣʹһ߽磬ͱɱˡ㡳ЦЦԣӣ׷ͺڷˣֻҪ衱
գ˽Խȥֻҵȶˡ̾˿
̰Ĳ³ˡ㡳
֪س뻻Լ긮λӣȻջȨλȨǴȴûǸͣѾɢȥ˰븱Ҳͨ㣬׳˲ƻȡس»ġ
سίԼӳʹأ;س¶סǸԽԼţ㡵ӡţΪԼ·Խȥԣߡ
ȻΪΪ£ԽƱҪƴԼӡ
ûϵͻ䡣سͼɱʹˣԽʹţƲڸԽġƴ֮£ѲȻұɱʹ˲ء
Ͷ˾·
Ψһ׵ΪʲôԽҪô
ľúɻԭļƻֻΪʱ䣬ԲŻˡʹšҶദ԰֣ƿаĽȣŻˮ
ԣһʲôô𣿡
ԭļƻͿԴʱĿģΪҪһ٣Ѿԣ
ǡ
ݣ
β˼Ŀ㡡
Цͷ
ԣһҪôسǲµʹˣҪôʹŵо͵һǰ߿̫ͣΪԣֱͬľ棬˭ȥ̸а˭Ǹ֡
ĿǴѾĽصʹŹԱо͵һ
һ긮ĶӺһȨƣƷС٣ɵӶ֪ĸƿءԣԭѾǰɱԣʱԽĺͷʹɵԣмԽ־ȫ˳ˮ
ԣһʹȺףǲΥأֲðΣǰĿ˻صıԵȻԭפȴ
Цس±ԸãضΪسµ֡ȻȻֱᷢسµ֡سرԸȥƽء
ΪνĹϣҪسһѵʹŹɱسô޷Ӧ⼸ζԼû䡱
㡷̵ֵܿǺųƽµİ
̾سµĿһΪƽȪݡسΪ˱סƽƱҪس˶ֲӦ㡱
ԽڽıԵԽѾ˰ԽֻҪˮ½ͬʱʣ°ԽҲݸ
ԭļƻΪʱ䣬ոء˭֪Ƶݱ֮졣գ֮䣬سͼɱʹ١Խ˳ˮֵۣܶƽΪ㣬жϡ
̶һյĹ򣬼ƻʹʱ˻ˮ㣬ֱȡݡ
ο㡣ŷˣԶеĸ
ֹ˳ĻҸϣܹͬʱݺͽЦΣǵʱ䲻ˡ
У
ԣµûոûʳ֧ӴļƻŸոһ±ӣôܹս㽫ʿˣҲ
еһжδ㣬ԭͲһڵϣҡһ߸˿ͼƽȵ·
㡲ͼ߸˿Ҫһһȡ
˰ɣ
ҡҡͷûκһս׼ǳġ
ֿĿ⿴ΣսһֱĹ̡޷ƾֻҪȶǿͺãֻǿһ㡱
Ҫǣسӵʡسӵȴֻ֮ءһʱĹȥ˽ԼĵȶôǵСƾԽˡ
ο㡣ûб˵
ټݺв٣ͬǷҪ˴սۡ
֮ڶغ˵ȨΪԼ
ЦЦá


108 
ϾҵɡڶõλϣԵ˻򼤶ͬĿ⣬ɫƽ·˻¶˵Ƶġ
Ҳͬ⡱뻹ݣûйλᣬپ̫ðգֱڶһ䣬ǴĻҵգ֮ͱ㸲
ˣҵΪβȴ򣿡ǻƵģ֪е׻жʳ
ܿ͵ոʱˣֻҪٰʮ죬ոҲһ¡ȫһºٿǷҪռݰ
º޲÷۸ûʱȣȲոʱˡ
սת˲ţõʱͬ˿̹ݡ
ʱռľȻϢݵʱ䣬ԣɱѾˡسǱӦѾյϢˡسҪƽˡ
мǲʱ䣬ưҪԱҪǷ˻ݡΪԼһҪʱ䰡
ΨһǵЧʱֵܸһЩԼĪʱܵɱ
¸ո˵꣬ڶսɷ׷ӦʱλòððգһܹɹֱǾ޴档
μֱ޿κΣǰԾԾԣ޲ýҵ̱ϮݣԽ
ǶûһʧܾζǻʧءȻػۣԭԲ˳췴ı棬һʧܣΪƽϢࡰؼ顱ҥԣͲ֪ҪѶپ
ǧ򲻵Ȩӹ̻Ȩ˿ζôġ
鷳ǣ˵ʴһͨʳһĻôĲˡ
ʮȫݺͲո½½Ҫһ¡ҪݣôҪոݡ
ĿأҲ˵ǧϱ͸ոϵǧ±һΪ
ոһ㶼ϰԼոģײֻ֣ܾһ
ưǧʿһΪҲһǧˣһС±ͼһӹ̵ĸǣֱΡ
λҪк·ɹȻáʧܣζŴǰде֮
εǳصģսһʼ˶ȥʧܵĻЩ˵Ͱװ׵սϣɺ֡
ʵûа취˵ݽ棬Ҫ֮ʡĻ
ܹ֮ߵ죬̶ܴϾεĸ֮ʡһ࣬һĻ˽졣
öĬȥ
ͬһԹݵȴϷˮˡ
ҪģġǾ޷ǹĹݣпɸ˰ܻĿǰĸ
̾˿ǵӮ̫ˡ
սһֱõḶ́Ķû׼㣬ΪļִսЩݸһȣǼֱ콵
±ϴѾ£ݸǸտǡǵʳδոֵʳһûոûм񣬵ݸڶҰȴԾͬġ
ǵһδԼĽıӿѪ٣ʱҴ
ĿеĿΡüĿЦƵĿֱ۾
ζλϣһɾѾϡλҲѾˡȻˣĿǰλʮˣͶƱɣ
ķܹĸ߼ˡ˶ˣԼ˵ѡ
ǳĬͶƱ֣صķԼƱ졣
εѡ񹥴ݵľȻȫƱͨ
ҵݷأؽϻ˽ΪҵܹռشΪصشƫԶʵǿʱ¿һݵʵˣ
ľ۾һŻ𡣻˵Щ۾ﶼյս⡣
Ŀһۡ
ЩҲʮ긻ǿȡʱһս֡
˵ݸһ·ս޲ʤǵšӽ˷˳ܵռţһδεʤŨҵźս
ֻ˵Щ˾ۼһһ֧Ŷӡ
ǻжǻհҵǬԸۼһͶЧΡ¡
ĥһ˪δԣհʾƽ£


109 
Աȫ̿ʼո
ȻѾݣǾҪ߾ȫӮ档
ΨһһζԱȫոǵʱشֺ̨ʱΪ˸̨ʱ䡣
Ȼ˿̣Ϊⳡսݺܻڿʼ
ˣСѧżˣǻܶģũ
ڴʳĵط˵ȣȻճԶԶȲݣܱûǿ
ݣأﱻѳϺõˮء
ƬƬƽǽƵ롣ԶԶȥֻĿѣԡֱӣǰЩȣϲ
ļոǴӱһ·ƽȴҪصطĳפԱ֮⣬ǧ˵Ĵȫ׳꺺ӡ
ټϵذһվܹոһظеĵȡ
ڵصĵȻûֵپոֻԼš
̫ʱ򣬸һİ»ظ
ũæʱ򣬸鲻ʱᡣˣҪҪ۵ڴҾۼЪϢʱ
Ҫ̰
˵Ǵϵ˼幫ʮʹˣ޷ڼаĺŪ
ͲʳǰԿڻɡֻҪܳԱѳȥСͷûи˼Ļᡣ
ѾõˣֻҪ׬ȡʳˡݣͷҰһͣ͵û򱻶ȥɽ֣˴˲
幫Ѿ֪ͨ˵Ҫˡ
ѹûҪ̵顣ݣ֮Ķôס
ڱɢҥԡ󷽷ĳϡ
Ϊ˲տֻţٸ׷·棬ϵǣտֻսǰԱ׼
ݣֻܵͷЩ˵󣬵ʱݣǵİҲûˡȻڣҲ˾ѧҵ
Щ˻ѧȴûпϸһѧԺˣ඼ȥ˸صĴӵ˴١
ЩܹٸĴģ޵Ľ˴ͳʿϵȨ˹պ͹ٸ
幫̾˿ǹٸڰݱãǵӺùȻŹٸġΣսĿ־Ȼ޷⡣Ƕ룬ûܳԱůĲСǶھܹġ
òӰҪˡ
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ɥŸ幫ٸʳ
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Ҫģ
ΧͬϢһũǶʱߴߴ
ʵʵĻش𣬡׵һģ׾һģԴƣ׼ߣһʮġ
һΧǵ²ɱȹٸƽյ۸һġ
ҪǷٸеģҵ˾Ҫƽۡݸڻû̡
ݸ˰ϵͣһҲʮ˰һˡд֮ϣȴδؿ
ͷսƵƵ֣ﲻš
ۣط˿ܺ޶йٸǽնδؿϳʳ
ȣǾͲôηΣˡټϳԴסСǶѧҪǮѾвٰЩ⶯ˡ
ٸ·ͨ棬ſڵĹϡΪһ£һ¹۸ͻظԭλˡ
⻰ʱΧİǸˡԭ˼ҶЩ⶯
۸ֻ֮ǰĶһǮɶһҲǺõġͷʡԼöδʡһǮ
۷׷׵ʱһ˶ﴫ
ҪٵȵȣٸҪʳֻҪǲǣ׼ʱٸļ۸ߡ
ŭͷҪڳ幫ȴԶŭ
ϹɶӣҪǰɣٸּۻۣ
ٸֲǿʳȺҲ֪˭ֹ
Ҳ֪Ǹÿ޻ǸЦ˼ιٸռˡ
ҪͱקŴһȥ
幫߷߲ƽٸã˵ôֻ࣬ôࡣҪǲͱ˵
ۿȺＸԾԾ뷴Цб£ȥ˵ÿˣǶʳٸֻҪһˣٸ;Ǽۡ
˵ٸͳ꣬йϦģ
ΧһƬĬӶ˵ˡ
ã̽ʳ͸ǰһٸ𣿡
ͷǰǽ˰֮Ҳٸʳֻһ㣬Ϊ˹ƷǮϾȥҪӵģܲʳֱӶһɡ
Щڼ˼ңԼһɣ飬һ굽ͷġ
ٸ˵ĻҪȫʳһȥ͵ЩıȽ٣ٸûôһһӴôڴãҪ٣ʳˣٻǮ
էŴԣи׳ĺǵôͬȥǮȥ˿ɲУ
ǡΧһƬ֮
ͷŵʱҪϼ׳ʵӸһȥ˵ΰãôǮϣҲĵġ
Уٸ˵ֻڵסԼעǼݵĳףҪԴγá
ܣΧž˵ֺü׻һһѵ׹ٸͲ򡱡
ҪǹٸϹŪզ죿
ۿȥ˵Ķ˶ǴǼӡǳԱ˾Ҫ¶
ʳʳٶǻũֵĳǼס
һŻˮļ˼ҶʱЪ˼
۴óļӣǡ
ûҲ֪˭ù׻ȥġ㲻ùףüĳ׶ѳһţܲһһˣ˭µҵġʱǲٸԺҲû˻ҡ
նòǮûף𺦴ҵ棡
¶˭ɣһôаɲסˡ
⻹ҵԾûõģҪƶϵı֤
ڴʱ򣬹ٸÿ˼ҳһˣһලסܽͬݵ׻һҲܻùסס
֮⣬ÿһ϶Ҫñǣ˭ලյףļ˼ҵףõǼǺá
аɣԴγõ˼ǳήˡ
ЦЦЩЩĴٸٸ˿ʱһһֳġЧ
˵ݾڵͬٴ󺣣˷⡣
Ƶļֵ۵ġԭΪ԰ǶʳĿس̶ȣϴʳ
ûϵǾȻԸģסȻĶݵĳףôӵʳ
Щټʳ˰ôû˺֮ǡ
һˡ
ͬһǸ㡡
ҪոʳµĽʿǶָڵġפոʳռ˴ѵʱ䡣ոһɣ̵ǧУǧٵϱһǧٵ±뿪ء
ֱݡ


110 
ô죿ô죿Ǻã
̷֪Դһݸݳǣʱת޲ԭ죬ɳݳǡ
մϻմСӵĿ֬ӡӣĻų̼һӡӾͷƤһ顣
ԼҴǿȢϵŮλģŮƢԱڻ̼ôҲ벻ףǸŵˣôһƢԵŮ
벻׵ǣôƭĸ棬ɹ͵ġ
ЩҲҪͷˣĹЩŮ鳤
ˣΪ֮ƣҪôս̼˶٣Ҫôӣ
̷ԴףⲻǷϻ
Ҫս̸ɪɪҶҶҪӣ̸ȥس¾͵شΪѵĳ̷Դͷǰë
˰̽سľٹվҪˡ̼ҲֻȰɣˣ޷ս
̼˵ԣӡ
ǰ̴ǰһǵʱ˽꣬ôܽƱ䣬Ҳǵֵ˵ģַ̫ײС
죬ȥԽ̸Ҵҵܣһ漲һ͡
ˣˣˣ
ôˣ̸ףԡˡֹˡ
ǰʿɫֻˣǵˣ
̸һûȥ
˵дŵ𣿣
СĲ֪֪̽ӻǺȫˣһգ۾ðˣ
̸˲̽ˣϽȥ죬ȥʰŵ㣡
̷Դ˻ߣһɢȥֻǰȥʰ
ʲô
̷Դ䲻һתε򡢷ˡ
̼Ѿͷ޲Լܹʧλ֪ǰ
ʲôûŵģ
̬޳Լʮң񣬸ˣòΪӢɫ֮żĲмͱģԼɷʱڿһʺ
Ϊӵõ׳ѳǣһΪؽڣһͷ򸾵̷˳ܣۼҶ
ɫʼұؽԲ˶ߣ
Ҳңʰöܡ̸νͣұضͬһƬ⡱
̸Ƕ䷢ģС󣬿ó̷ɫ
б˳̸һۣˣ͵㣡
ǡ̸ͷ
̼ۿٴΣòţλ嵽ôƤġƴҲܲǷͷ˵ˣһλŮ˶δؼǵŮ
ȵȣĪµЩ͵˶ڣ˵ѾͷҲڡ
̼Լº͵ķˣֻһĻţҲԭİɡ
ˡ̷˺ֹ˳̸Ķ֮Ըȥ̼죬̴ȥ뼸λֱӵ¥ϻϡ
̼񣬼ȥ
ȸҸ£ϳ¥һЩѾ
ǣ
̷һҵ澶Ĺǣܹɵˡ̸˶һ
Ȼ̷˶ҪߵſˣҪһּĿǵȥϵ֬ӡӸҲɾ
̸ձεĲУǣˡ
̷һҴҵŸȥ㡡ΪۼݳǰĲ㡴ǧ˵Ĵһ֧һǧ˵ľӡ
δһǧ˺·Ϊ˳ص¼ݳǡ
֮ǰΪ㡵ĴԻ˵ߣõΪղŵ֪һֲ
ԤӦѾݳǣȫǰԤһҼ̵
ο˿ǰΡݳšԽһǣҲԽĳУ͵ܹ׵Խʳһĵ̡
ˡˡˡţƤһ죬УֵС
׼
¡¡ľըĳ̸ͷۻûüϳ¥ɳб˾޴Ļں
һʱ䣬𶯣̸վȣֻֻ޴롣
ϣϵǧﾵĿǽϵ״һڵСǽ
һڵϴأܹʡԱԵзش˺
һڽʿǵһοֺǽڣ䶼ҪըˣȴӶգһ£Ŷͷǽ
ڵЧãɷ񡪡װϣ
еĽһƬڻﺰ˻ߣԾԾԵ̬ۿɼ
˵ʲôأάԼ΢Цˡ
Ч
Ȼá
ֻҪ̵ݸˡ
Ҫ֪һÿڸţӦкռȵġھռȶҪ֮һˣԭͲ
սǽ̽ޡ
ǰŰﺣϽ˷һõڵԶڵڻз֮һ顣
һڵϴأڶ־ԶڵڵǽЧɱ˵ˡ
һöڵȥڳǽϣЯ֮ײ˼̳һ࣬žڵըѺɽĸ鵯Ƭƶ鵯Ƭ׾ٵĶһ˵
ǽ϶ʱҰɽڵƬɢڵأİ˻
˾ͬ
Ҫˣ
̸ڳǽ֮£ͷһԵĳ̷˺޲÷졣ʱһ˵ĻҾģ
Ȼڵͣǽϵʿ⡣ôˣѪ밧ߴľǺ֮ŵľͬ״ҵʬ壬Ǹ˶η塣
ټԭһӣδ׼þͱڵһͨϮ˶ˡܱסģֻЩ˵ģع̺ŲֻӴܡ
˭ӣˣ
䣬ͷأ
ʺѪҺ罦ڳ̷ɫļϡֳֳȾѪͬɭɭ¶˵
ָʹ̷Ӧǳ˭ҵӱնף
ʿηλţжɻɢֹܹסġ
λʿǣȽǶӣȲ˵Ҫδǵļǣ˵ڣӵ𣿡
̷˷Ż治ǧˣǳפǧˣһ𣿣
շŻࡣ
ߣ֮ͬ۶ݸ£ѵԸΪֵܱ𣿣
̷˻ܣΪԼܹΧ˶ͬ۵꣬ӶһġʵǣΧշ
Ϊ̷ûдӹ֪ıûʲô֮ͬꡣ
ͨʿ쵽öҪ˾εһ㡣һָû١ǲھҵһɽǸŹ
ν֮ΨϮľӼС
һϸи˫Ŀᣬĺıʹᡣ
ɱǣɱǣ
̷˴޵ãڽʿһͬɱȥ
ܲңӦƣˮȴռ˴
ÿһ˶ʣҲÿ˶Ϊңֻ뱣סԼı׼ݸܹ
Ͼ֮Ϣݼ죬Ƕ֪ݹźӣҪݸ̫ףʹӱˣȥˡ
ضʼҵˣһȻ
վڳǽ£ǰǸڵڻ£ڴİ̮ǽϵĳ
ɱ


111 
ײ, ɺһɱ¾֮ǹ/Ƥ⣬׳ġġĵġӵս֮ꡣ
ȴе, һȣֱ̮˿ֳ, ų/ǹ
ɱ֮ʱá, εʹĲС, ˣ۾ѵȻóսȴܳʱʹС
ɱ֮ʱ, ײ, ˫ȻɱԷ˿ݸɢ, ε˸ֵ
ֵٳ, ҲȾƹġᡣ
Ÿֵ˫Ŀǰ˾ڳǽ̮ǰ, һһ򵱹ĪվճѪ, ˫Ŀ䶼ս⡣
ѹ壬׼ȥ/ƥ·飬һ, ͬһ̷ֱ˶ȥ
̷˿ǰ֧, Ϊ׵ӦŮϡ˳/ǹ, ǹͷ˸â﷢
գͷ­ҶƽƵ̤ʯ

ֵ볤/ǹĶײ
ұۻڴһ, ֪󣬳˴ǰϵЩˡᲢۡ
˫غϣβ̷Ѿʼˡ
ԭݾˮľռ˴ۼݱ׺һ飬ؽԱָҪƵġǵӱݾȷƴɱ˻Ҫࡣ
νһգ֮ͱһһݸԵúãѵ̿࣬սȻԶݾ
̷ۿܵԽԽ࣬½Ʋѡ
һȻ̷˲ûԽ塣֪ΨһܹŤתֵܾľɱԷ˧ͷ߽оս⣬Ҿġ
̷ʽʽ׺ݡһǹͬߣǹΪͣʽܣּΪء
ұ˺ѣǹͷεաظ۾μδüĿԽȡ
Ӳηֵǿ֪ԼսϵþǶģʿýʿǿ˧Ҳڷƴɱͬ
ѲĶ֣ƴɱ֮⣬Ҫսֻ֡ҪսȲƽУξֻҪסΪѲĶ֡ѶԻᱻȺ֮
㡸ġ
ԵϣβҪսȴ޷ֹֻùĨǵĹ䱣·ӡǰԼֻҪʱ䣬ɡ
ϧˣЦЦԸôѽ
ÿɱһˣͻһʿ˵ķա
˶ΪԼͬ۵ƴɱкţΪ˱סԼ
˸ֵս
Ҳζ͵
εĸֵбȥϱ̷˵סֳֵѹ¶Էĳ/ǹѾƴ
ƿյ̷ֱ˶ȥХó̷ʶܡһʵǶ㲻ȥˣɴֻ΢ܿҪ
̷˫һƥֱΡͬʱ̶ֵַѹסһ˲ĳ/ǹʱڿն
ѩǹͷֱֱظϴ롣
Ƥֽ֮ͬͱˣѪӿ
̷˵ˡ
δڴڵĴŴȾѪĳ/ǹǳ̷˶ʱġ
ֵָס̷˵ǹһ˲̷ַ˵ע⡣Էضͬʱ̷˱ضᷢ𱻸ֵסĳ/ǹɱΡ
ͬʱη֮󼴿ƥĳ/ǹ
ڣڳ̷˵ĳ/ǹؿ֮ǰȰԼĳ/ǹͱ˶Էĸ
һĶת˲֮䡣
ǳ̷˵ǰ
ڽѧʱ˵ֻʹýս޷ӽʱֻŻһɱ
˫գܿճʹС
ҲζţȥеοŴ󿪣ֻҪٶȹ죬ܽδƥ䣬߸ɴͱԴ
ԣãΪεĶĲʽһСʹһУӡ֡ȵѶߵȵԮ
ѧһУû㡵Ľ顣ûʶأ㡱ȼʱεϣһСΪһеľڡ족䲻ϡ
ңȴС
ζӮˡ
˧Ͷɱ
˧Ͷɱ
սϴ˷ĺ̼δܵݾ̻޴룬ɢ
˧ڴˡ
Խ˧죬֮£ҫĿָɢݾв£ƴͼƳҥԡ
ұѾľȣ˫ֻھ˺ѣ޷СȻ죬ҧͼȥõ
һͬնɱҳ
ХԽû˵һ仰˼󼸸Ǽţΰ˶͵ˡ
һֻͨںڵȻ͸ףᴩԽࡣ
ķµ칭㡣ЦЦ
ͷﶼˣδܵݾвױˡڣһ˷
սˡ
ۼһΣ㡺һ
Ρ㡷ʶȴ۽ֱֻȫѪǼΪԵ˺ˡ
ɫһŭͷ˿ڼпʹɵġܹʩĶ˶һС
죬ԽպԼΪҪӦȷս
ˣˣûʲô¡ιɵЦЦ
ͳ˧䵱/ңݸ𣿡
˵ˣ˶Ѿͷ죬ڶŮӵĹӣǺ˲δΡ
ǰʱݸһֱ̽ӵн·ߣӶ˴ӺĲӡ
㡹˲ϸ̸䷢СҩгһСƿ߶ȾƾԼһɾɴҩʿַһСҩרڳֹѪ
ҶܹҽƵĻսѵ˵ʿѾԷʼû˵ѾɵĿʼԱϵ˿ڡ
˻˿ʶ˶
Ȼһ˲㡼ײеĽ޻ѹ˿ϡ
ۣ
ӶҪˣ죬˵ϽǸһ
ҴˣҴˣ
ϴϵ̫죬㡸ˣմӦңֻҪסԷɣΪҪ
ξ͵ⳡսܹס˵
˵Լ𣿣㡳ԺһУ
ǡͷϧ˵ģҲԼġޱҪҲԸע
ɽʵ̫գϣ̵ĵзƱػᱻ̷˵ƹݸɸ˺
Ųòѡɱ̷ˡ
˫ֺòױãվǰɫһҲûкÿνĵͷֻںŪ
Ѿڶսиˡһ˫񻹲һС˵İ̺ۣ񵹺ãˡ
ʹֻ΢˺ѣʹԶԶȲˡûܺúñٶθ˵У㡼Ϊꡣ
üĿֱĶҪ֣صһ֤֤ԺԼΪȡΪأ
죬Ըƭ㡣Ҳ㡱֤Ժ󶼲ḺˣֻñֳĬ
㡹º͵ɫҲάֲסˣҧгݡһ·һʱ͸ϵˣ۶ǽƣγ¡
Ȼһ¿ˮ̵ӣ
ŭֱ㶵쭣ſھ䣡
ˣˣ
ۿҪըҴҵĴߴ㡣죬Ҫ㣡
Ȼתƻ⣿
һɻԽԽ޲÷߲ʫһҹʫƪҲҲԼ
ɾκԥͿʼǲ˵˵ҵˣĿǰֻҪȹݳǡƺɡңңأ
˵˵ţξȻҴ̼㡣㿴ҶôˣҪǴ˴жһô찡
СһͷһЦҵţ
һʰ㣡
лҪ˵ǳ/ǹʵû취ˣмӷŸĻ̫ͱƭǮˣΪ/ǹ̫ΣֻڼؼطˡҾֻܽſɣ


112 
һüЦ㻹ǿȥɣ
˵˵ţż뿪ݵ㡣еףһ·˳磬ƽƽ
Ŀһۡ
ǰСϻմȾѪ߰㣬κ䣬û˿֮Уվ˱ͦ˫Ŀͬڣͷһ̡
û˲ǰĽʿǡӵü޲ýСԼѪ
ȻսεĶϣ˵һ

ݸսȷˣȻսȴһδʼ
ǧ˵ĶǡʹһΪ
ֳһǧһǧ˺ϲƺ֮սʣµǧҪǰȥصĽǡ
ȻѾǶĲǾ´룬ȡߵ档
һɹݳǵϢȥô㡺αضΪسµдж׼ԷԸسãת㡡
ΪϷسµĸڣֻռһ֮صƽӵһʡ֮ء̻ڲ㡺ΣԸس·ǡ
ԣس»֪ݸѾŸԽڽӦϣ׶½Ϊص塣
ȥԭϢһӣ
һʿǶʱţͣеһƨڵϣ͸Ƶģⶼ
¡鳤ѵİһ±һ¡
ǽܹѵģ֪˶ߡ˵ġ
ҡҡͷֻѵҪټ롣ϱЩ±ͲС
󡢴ˡµĽƽ̩ɫǺ죬Ŵ̾һˡá
ʮףȻûһ
㡿ƽ̩֪λӳʲôãǻࡣץһʱϢλץһʱ˵
һҲˣֻۡǱƣΪ˧κǰ¶ƣ뵡֮С
ǰ
һΣüĿһ˲ܹ£ôӵһƬĵ̡
Ҳʼ㹻Ľ졣
ǱҪξͻΪ˧оһĸʴ٣˵ĸҲˡ
㡳һ˰ϵľ
һһңһ̻ʲôѼɣȫǸƷ
ܹṩõоˣʳʡη֣ȫ
ⶫĺܼªʳûУϾνֻṩηֵĶ춼١
һʿЩѾˡ±ո飬Ե̻ʡ
һŹһżĽо·ϣЩѾջȵȷĲˡ
ǻҪǧﱼϮЩҪͣʳã޷Ͻ
ΪΪʵһҧȥýþòܹȥΪ˱֤ӪɻҪϹԣܰ˸
иʳõľͺˡ
㡺ģͼὫʿһԾʱ䡣޲һӪҺȥܱ
ӪҺοЦʱġ
ЦЦɫº࣬ڳʣµĹ
аյʱ䣬ԣ
ϱǻѾˣ±̫еȳԵɣֻʣѼǶطѾ
յʱü졣
ˣ̣
һ£ϱѾ׼±ʰǧ˵ľӼ
ܿ죬Ǿ͵Խı߾
طмСʹ䣬ȻȥҼһԱšǲ˼ʿţȻѾȥ¥ա
ˣǻںü˼Ҽ﷢˼ʬ塣еĹǻģеĸ綷ǳԹġ
֮ңཫʿݡڴ˺£ֻҲ³
Դ˴Ϊפأԭפ
ڽʿѸɢɵŲǷʣ˿ڣʳȵȡ
һӶӳŲ飬ʮӸפأʮһʮ帺Ѹٽȥ
ţ˼ӽȥλӳúù顣
˰˳
ˣҷ˴ҪҪֱ븮ǣ
ǵʱ˵С鳤ڣѾ˶ӳһҪ򹥳սܾ˼ôʶȷʡ
ȡԼ࣬ԺӦûš
ļλӳ
ᰮ˵ƽ̩ԥʼ죬ѲڽӦ
㡿һۣЦЦ
ϣ汻Ӹ˵ˣ
ƽ̩һĴȣʱˡһ͇NࣇNࣣԼ굽ĸζ
̫˵ľ롣ݵɷ涨һһ첻˵ʮֵĻƽ̩һյ㹻˰ٴˡ
ڽӦĻôƽ̩ǽǶӦɹ˷ݸá
ˣ̽ӻˡ
̽ɳȥģƿݳǣһ·ֱ߾Ϊ絽ǽ븵Խͨš


113 
ͷ̽רŸд̽鱨ˣѿơ֧̽Ųס;ӪֱԵڵأڻҽ˻˯
ˣλӳǳֱ룬˵˴в̽Ľ
ҷ˴һ·ҵȰɼ񣬴ӱ߾Źٵͼǡǳ˿ļ;ֻҰٵȫǷ˿ܡЩ˿ܶȥѡʵļ񣬳
ǳƽɫЩģڵ˸
д
ƽ̩һĴȣŭѡ
ǰ꣬ݾӶʳѾžˡէŴԣֻŭͶĶѵҽ֯
ָ飬ӵ
ѡΪ˸Ķ꺢ӡŮӡ˵ȵȡǳһҵ˽飬׳ӣ˺
ȻǳĻۼ˸
ۼгȣûмΪ˵ĵ
ǳҡҡͷɻĿм͵Ҳۼ˸ȫ̡һ·˸һ¾Χġ
üɵ˵ҥǿѨ磬δп֮
ǳڶҡҡͷͬеһλףŮɽ˽֮ʱɽǿˡȵλѰɽ˵ʱɽǴȥŮĹǼܣͷһⶼûˡ
ֻ쬵ģ˺ëʡ
ɫԵĶ⣬ֻʵɽôӳģ
ǳΪԼɽˡ
˶Ǳλ׶ǳ˵ˡɽڧɽҲȱʳͬŮˡ
ܳԵƤݸԹ⡣˳˵ĵزӶʳʳ򣬷ʳײҾ硱
ǳ޸ĳȥ˺Լ޶ŮģȥˡǴɽˣԱܱȳǿöࡱ
֮⣬Щͽǿʼ£׳ϣܹ֡ҲЩͽʼɱգ˸Գ
˽ԻȻȫûϵȻѾĵز˵صĻˡ
Ǵ˾ӳ
ǳ˽עǳĻʱȴǳһۣѾصͬм䡱
ǳһ㶣ãȻһ˲ǾҵŻ£ҪĸƢ³˰죬ȫˮ
ڴȫǳ֮ǰַʳ˵ʳΣֱʳá
Ȼ֮ʳȴѾûнʳˣӶǸĳòҪȴˣΧƫֳַ˾ɱ¾˸
ǳֻͬ顣ǧ˵ķ˾ΪһһİյǰֱĶΪʲôǡ
ǳҪ裬ᵶɱ˼˾ͬ˳
ǳûɱ˵ģսɱĵоսΪ¾ƽɱ²Ҳδ˸
Դһմӷ˾ɱӳǳҲԶˡϵʹھϺùһЩ
ǳոһյĥԼУʶ˼䣬ڵ
빪ɫ԰ף亹乣ʼ鴤ۿɼĲ״Ϊʹ࣬ҪǳױһűĹٱ
ȥҽơƽ̩Ը£ǳͳȥˡ
ֵҲֿģʮ߰Сӣ뿪ǰûʲô£һʱ俴ô˼Ҿ磬˶̼ɵˡҪ赼ãҪһجΡ
ȵȡǳߣɷֱ㡡
ˣǡ
֪ǳʲôһ˵ͷº͵ѵøһϡ
㱣֤Ҿ
ǾðǳԱůҪٷ˵˼Ҿ硣
ǳվԭأŴŹޣЩİ˸ᡣ
ƽ̩ǳ˳ȥ
ʣµﲻһԡ
ãѿڣˣҪˡɡ
㡵ͷšһ̽ӿˣ
˵ţ˵Ľʿ̧̽˽һԼʮˣһ˿ȥҲʮ
곤κȿڣ˯һ࣬ˣ˴ǽڣֽȻƣڵĸʲȫ˾ϴһգշ
κ崭˿ǳڲиεûʳ֧Ų˶á
ѯҲ˵ûгɹسǣ
κҡҡͷһɷ˱ͼפڽǣҲǡΪ
ϵʹӦԷµı־ǺŸɷ˾ǻɱԣ֧˿ܡ
Ҳ˵֧ܽ˾ܵسɱԣפڽڣԳǳΪݵ㣬سµľӣʳͨ˸
κͷȴҡҡͷµҰģΪβפǳأͼıչҪëسºȥռݳǳء
ûκ˵أƶϵǽسǰطֹһҶķ˾пܶɲ棬γ˭Ҷƺ档ԽǲŻһֱûפάŻεƽ⡣
ֱһֻ˾سõһ̲ΧССķ˰ֱӴ˻ƽ⣬ʹսʵ׳ͬʱҲζǮˣпسõˣ˸а·
㡷̵ЦЦѵЩŭ˱׼ԽΪݵ㣬һɷس£ɽ˳ǳưµأһﲻ֪νĴ
κЦ˵ƶϻȷģǽǺ˱ͼɱҵȡǳ˵˳
ˣһ¡κ庰һСˡһ̽С˴ؿͳһӡ
ڱһѼɤڣˣǽõһЩ鱨·˾פء
С̾˿ֻЩ˾ڶ֧ķ˾̲ˣΨм֧С˾ǻڹӲд
޷λˡ㡽ӹСӡһŷ֣滹ǵн·ߡ
С˲ǲרҵҵģͼҪػ걸ѾһŽоͼдĸ౾˲֪С·
С˲˼ЦЦȥѰλӦ㵽һŹٷĽͼǸͼʵؿһ飬Żͼֽġ
˵С˻ͦǷݹٷͼ©Ҳ̫ˣ֪ǶǰͼˡЩ·Ѿ߶߲ͨ
СһͬԹκʹɫ˾ҵҵźţϹ֣
λӦԼǸߣ׼Ǵȥġʱ˵ͼãǴ˵ϸ٣רԲ˶ߣ
κݵʱ䲻һһҪŻһ֪ƽȵλ𼱻ǣʹˣС˻ֵġ
űԹ㶣Ǳδƫˡ
ǰĹٳϣֲ֪ɫȴвŻ̵ˣҲԸáԸ̶ԷɵƻǰǴ˵͡Ҫģһֱ˸мֵ˻ߴʧȥͣ̾ͻᱻġ
˵ûɫĻĵһӦȻȺһ´˵ֲֵù˵Щɵ⡣
Σδģƺࡣ
ЦĪǴ˵еķࣿ
λˣûбϢҪ㱨ȥЪϢɡ
ǡӦ


114 
λҶɡ㡰ǱСӴݹȥ
ĶӳƶʮˣǷСӾҪʱ䡣ĵ˺һ˲㿴ꡣ
ˣȻ󲿷ַ˿ֱֻֻ̲ܶܳ룬ֱǣһ·;ĸسûҪռ죬ЩطѾûؾˣɨȻܹפ
Ǯ˵鲢ûܲӳͬ
üͷ֧פѾʮˣһ󣬱ضὫ˷ȥءڹȥ׼ײǵˣ˵ֱˣ׼һسǾһս
ǿɷƿЩسǣֱǡֻҪܹǵӴɢԻŷӡ˿ɲѵصľӣһ˰ˣʲôֻܴ˳̲ǵĳ̬
ֱ븮ǣǲڸǸһȴҲиŵء
ʽУ̾˿һ㲻ã˰ֻѼӸ¸¸¡
㡵˶һͨܽĿǰΪֹΪҪôֱǣҪôȴسǣ𣿡
˷׷׵㡣սѡ񲢲࣬ȥҲô֡ǿ϶Ҫģ޷ȴ˭⡣
ǾһһۣҪ򸮳ǣо·߸ôߣαܿصءҪأҪ￪ʼ
Ҳ֣ÿһоս϶еģҲϰˡĿꡢ·ߵȵϸֳһСһһ۹ȥ
ϸ෽ĲʱȻ¶˵ǻۣܵóһһ㲻ս
ⳡۻһֱҹӵﵽŭ
ȵۻѾƣߡ
ȻˣôͰռ׷¡£ϵֽţ֣صսϣҸ㼺վԽΪġ
Υŵ֮
˸㡷׷ٶġ
սʱеĻʾһţɢκ˲Я˽ͬʱҲʾͳһ˶밴ȷ£Ļƽ
һŶ裬ȷʾˣԸսϸ㼺ʹȻ˻ġⱨҲĿŵ
˷䣬˷׷ǰȥϢ಻ϵս
һڷطرףһյӣ嶼ˡÿʢģ̡ܴǻϾǳ֪˲ȹ
¶ÿһ˶ʱҪǰţֲǽҪͷͻᷢ
ׯû˯Ҳûطϴ衣˵ǱץÿһϢϴֻܱš
оգ˶ԼҪˡҲǡ
ڰ뿿ǽϣҪ˯ˣȻԼˣȥܲѬǸõĻӣ
ʱαضüëĿ¶ϴ˯׼ҪӻϽ̲סЦ
ţüĿһƬͣõ˼ڻۣ˯ȥ
ڶһ磬˶Ѿϡ󣬾ָˡ

һ£ö顣ӿƬϡ
ս۹󣬴ҵ׻Ǿйء
ΪԽһǣɳԱȻܹڷò״ˣʿһߣǳֱռȥ顣
һǾ͵òϵķֱפԼĴĳǳأµʱ޷ٹ򸮳ǡ
㡽һΪһǧ˹أֻҪһǳؼɡʣµһǧǰȥ򸮳ǡ
ǳˣȻԸΪ̲ءǲɣٻһΪۼء
Ҳڹһ񡢿ա
㡴ĴҪƹϪزܹ︮ǣζǱҪڸɽ̡ܹ
ʢʱڣ¼ߣɽֲïܣЩط鷳ǵƥɽףֻܹٶȡ
ˣתκǰ·Щɽּ·ʱǼ˿ǲ׷ܳɹġ߹ٵ߰Ĺ㻨˽ӽʮ߳
κ岻ҴǽɽԼҲǸӣֻһֱڸɽΧת
һ֧ǧ˵ľнۼʵ̫ˡǲ̤ĺۼǱԶ̣ܱ˷֡
˵ˣƻð֮ǱҪڶʧݺȥǱмʱ乥򸮳ǡʱûӦҲӮʱ
㡴һֱڲͣɽɽеСɽǾ˰ˡ
ҹУһֻ˯ʱ֮˽һҰ
ʱϵĸػһֻˡǻһһûС³ˡֵԼ辰ЯĻ北ֻʣϱסҩʳˡ
ռƻȥԭ
ǴʱƬӾǽͦԶģֵĿԲߡǧ˵ľȻտڲԣֻܹOO@@ľ׽΢
չһȥҹɫŨʱѹţӰһһվɫںҹ׶Եڳġ
ҹɫսڸ¹⣬û»ҫҹֲָ
ɽҰأҹХǧͬһ㣬һԣֻǳĬĿǰŵһײںҹＱоʱΪ˲Ӳװϵġ
ǧ뻮һٶǿѵġ
㡴ѵصĽʿǣĬнȥǵĵ·ϡ


115 
˿̸ڲҹɫ˺ߵʱǸѣǵĵȼΪ¼֮ŲԽĺ蹵
ʱϼ˿ǴȾƴڳ⣬§һƯСӣƻҹ
СආǾҵҵŸѲߣ˫ۣ˯

Ľҹգһ룬ϳŶ
ٶȼ죬צһԳһ
ԼӦĶٵˣĺ֡
ҹɫڸǣо裬ǼΪ˳ɹ˻Ǻӣ˳ǽ
Ǯԭڸߵͬĵģһ̣ɴɵѪӿǰΨڵӰӣһһڳǽϡ
й
ɱԩˣ
ûгԣûгǵ⣡
Ǯй飬ȴû˵һ仰ˡ
գ֮䣬㡾˳ţĵһ˾Ǯ
ֵһ֮еĵ׵ײûʶЩνƺöǿףͨմ¡
ˣϵıлǴʿЩûһͶˡ
Ҳ˵սûκηʩ͵
ϾɭɭȻЦ⣬֮ģֻϲڵơսԵ˵ʴζŶԼ˵Ĳ̣Ŀ½ȥƼĸֵ£׾ٵո

ɱңɱң

Ǻĺģ˻
һ㶣һϲ
ԭһһԼҴ˺ʣ˵
ΧԴԴӿϳŵĵо˶˻ҪѪծѪһʱ֮䣬ǡĵ
ڵҹɪɪĺ磬ȵӰӣҪЩǲᣬŹڵˡ
죬ò˱УڱʱܹüԼѪҺӿȥǱУȴҲڴ˿̴ǡɱ˺ɱ֮
ЩһһͼȴͬϾɵ磬һһ絹¡
㡼ɱۣȾѪϵĸֵϵո˵ӿݱһǧ˳ţȴһ·ɱֱŴ
صĳűǾ޴ĳ˨ĳŶҪ˺ͱܴ򿪡Ϊ˿ǣǱҪдӳڴ򿪳˨ֱײţѴ򿪡
ǵϮϮ
ۿЩһɱˣһŶȥСͷ춭ʶԩǵϮ
˻ߣһ澡άһ澡նɱ֪ðĵˡ
ЩͳһſףոֵϲŰɫǲݸոմԼȡģ·ںڰֵҡ
ܹüԼҵҪĳӶֱۣǱʵ̫ּΪ͡
ڰȻѩĵͰɫĲ
һֻӲһٶʮˣһΧ̾ͻŵľ·ΣǶҪ򿪳ţǧϡ
㡵һ·ƴɱԡѪս֮¼ʬ壬˵ġͬ۵ġ
㡹˲ϱˡ˳ſڵʮ˸ֵԳǹΪгͺŶǰɱԴԴӿĵˣʣƴͼƿ˨
̣
ɤӣһ£ǹǹͷ˲˵อѪҺӿʱȾ˵档߾ȫһ̣һݶӵʮ˸ƣһѸ油
ȻʹϢҲ޷ڸʧ
̫̫ˣĵĻȳһӿԴԴϡڼĵˣôɱɱꡣ
˫Ŀͨ죬ǲĺ⣬ɤӣ˧ޡڣһǹմѪÿ̳ȥһξҪոһϡ϶һճѪ
խĳŶѵһһʬ塣
˫໥ɱϲ㼸Щɱ㣬Զȴ׺ݣ̡
ŶʬѵȻһС塣
壬㡺ԥļƻһԡΪڶ˳ǰȥ˿š
һпѪȵսۡＸȫݸľǾ־ѵ͵ˡ
ƽ̩˫۽ӽԣǻеԵ㡵ָһδεĴֻ̳ڴڴŴҪԼδ뱲ûü͸֧ˡ
ӿҪˣŮúùӡҪǹȥˣ͸ļްɡ
Ӻӵӣһ㱻ˮûˣ¶ĸġ
ƽ̩ɴ۾˶ܹϴ
֨֨
֣ƽ̩˶ʱԼƺһ˿ѹեҲоֲ֮̿࣬Խķ
̣
ɳƵģǺѪɤֱֱ˵˵ĵס
һصĳſɫէһŷ©˸ʣʮ˵·Ҳտ˳֮ⱼӿǧ˵ĵ·
ǰǶѵʬ壬ԭ壬ȴݸǵ谭飬˶ѵһ
ˡ
ʶôôˣСģѾعʶܡ
˫ֱͷͶɱ
ݸһ溰Ͷɱһǰʬ壬û
ˣ
հף̫ܹΪʲôôֵܡһ̣ȡ
ҵʹ־ģȴúɭɭ˲ʮˣɱǼٸֵܡĵˣԴԴϵӿ
ʼĴ򺮲ʶԼƺ˾·
һ̣˫ϥأ޽ţɱңɱҡ
Ͷĵһеڶڻһֺ󣬽˶ͶˡʣµСͷ죬ʶȥ˲ŭ̷Ҫܡ
ʧˣܻĳſܡڵо֪ǻ
ЦɳɤӺһ䡣
ѾͶֻҪץסһͶģɴһ˰ף
㶣ʶסͬĽš
ţǱң˫֮䷴ĿɳѪɱ¾ͬݡǰһ̲ɱУһͬİ·
ݾһǹƽЩˣһѸǰѵʬ塣
ʹٶٿ죬ȵЩ˶ѺʱһڶһҪܣһϣĲɱ˭˰벽
ۿȥԣΪ˰ףܹ̾ͬ顣֮ͬ꣬޹ֺڽ궼޷׳
һֻ֧аķ˾ѻɱǰʮ
ľ񲿶ӣֻܹˡգ֮䣬˽ӽ֮һ
粻Ŵ²ߣ㡺޲ý²͵ظɱһԼͬӢꡣ
һѹɱ⡣
һʮӣвˣʮһʮӣط²ʮĶӸɨʮӸ˱ҽơ


116 
æɨͬʱҲæؽݸ
ʧְȫƸиͷվǰΪ
ݸСǰȥѺһڹи֪ݵȸ߼ȫڡ
̷ĸţκ˳롣ڹ˻ݳڵĳطأݳǴҪһһѹȥ֪Ҫʱ䡣ټϷŵʱƵģһֱš
Ѿȥˣûҵʮ߸ӷ
ֲˣʱ޷Ҫظ飬ֻȿͨзȥ
ͷ
߼иҪΧúԼͼֱ˻ɱλŮǳ̸ķˡ̷˵ãԸӲաǰȥӭУ̸ԵĻһĻų̼졣
˵ƽϴһ˿ģںӣǶӣǸҡ
˵Ǹ̷˵ŮξȲѡ
ͷͼڿһʣô˵ġҿŶȼߡģҪǲԼϷ嵽ʲôԣǲأ
˵Ůգθ⾪ȣѲͷҪٵĻޣ
ҡҡͷ
εҲʧǼ͵İԱе̰塣ֻ㱨Լְ𷶳֮ڵ飬κһжôȤ
ְأ˵һپ;ʮҲ⡣ԭʷһߣҪݡڳݳǣμһǰݳǵΡʶ˲ݡŵĹǰݡ
ͬʱҲζԽʼԱȱζǱ뾡쿪ʼոĹ
ܹ½ŵ̵󣬲ϵģииҵ˲̶ͬȵ˲Ŷȱ
̾˿ѧԺĻöƾݡšؿʼùְԱ¼ԡþָݵصĽռѧ˽ѧԺ
֮⣬ɨдĸܷˡʡһΣֵľ飬ӦûһЩ
ʵֵõʽ迣ӵ·üģʵͷʹѡ
Ҫȥ򣿡Ϊ׾Ĺе
ζסˡ˵̰ӣȻ֪˾ԥлֱ˵ɣعĨǵġ
ͷҵֻռ˸ǣĿǰݾڸδƽаȫơ
һ㶣Ӧ֪ȫƵ鼫Ϊϸ񡣳ֱӴѧԺҵ֮⣬ʣµģӵܶҪѿ飬ȷû̽ӻ롱
ϸ鷳԰ȫƽ˽١ҪеĻͻдϸԱ룬ڸ̽Ƶ̫ˡ
ҡҡͷʾܾǲҪеĻҲԱУпССҿܻѡ۵ľʿ밲ȫơ
һȫʵǲˣһ׷ݸ߼ҵҪʿֳţܹȫ
̧ۿ㣬˵ɣʲôˣ
ѾԸǾǰһ¡ҪᣬƱػԹĵʽݽ
Ϊ̰ӣ̫ԽֱӸ̸ǡ̬̫߰ȫѾȱ˵һ޷Ϊ̵ĵز
ɾУȵԱܹѵϸڣҲǼ֮ˡôǽ¼أǾǰȫȱȱ˸㶼ܲˡ
㳹׵ͷ­ȫҪڰȫ¹ʣͨѿƴɻ
ѿƼռ˰ȫƵ֣𣿡
ֱĿ㣬ĬˡʷУѿƿʼְȫƵְȨΧˡ
ţӽʼΪ˷ȨưȫƵְȨ롣ȫƼв̽ץѶȨδ̫ƴ
Եվڰȫŵʱξͽ鱨Ѽһ׶ѿƸרѼ鱨ﷸ֤ݵȵƽȫơ
ȫƾҪץ෸άڰȫȶټƸߺѺﷸǹһ״ȶṹ
ڵʱСҲ٣̶Լϡ
ʷŰȫƵͷøȥ˷˴̣еžӵְ𣬸ʲôѼ鱨ѶﷸˡǶʱ䣬һ˵õá
ĵֻһнٺÿʱҶҪֻǳԱůˡô㣬ʷûӲɲء
ĻֱʹѿƺͰȫţ޷ָʱҪְ֡
ʷҦˬȥȫƺѿƵƽⱻˡڵ̱࣬ȴû٣ѿʶק˰ȫƵ˸ɻԿס£ֻΣʾϣܹаȫơ
аȫƣҸϣܹ嶨ŵְ𷶳룬ӦĵЦ赣ǡ
㳤һ齻ΣȻֳ㣬ôǷˡ
㰺ͦصĳȥˣȻȴڶÿЦ˼ְ¡بǰؽҪ·
һеǰᶼǡʳ
Ѿǰ·ˣȵʱսǰոոеս󼴿̾Ҫʱʲô鶼ӡ
ãսңرݸüƳ˸ߡ
γһǧʿֽʣʿȥάʱ
ϹأһʩһٽԼĵط񡣵ڷ֮ǰǱҪȸΧжٷĵԼռء
ݿɲݣΪԽĳУ主ȲϱĳУܱĺǵǿöࡣ
ټϿſƾٺȢһԾɴ󻧵ĳ̸ӣ̴˿ڣֱʹž·жǹͬݳǡݵغǿ󻧲
ûӵ˰֣Сġ
̼ҵ峤ԶݺһˣλȴܾˣְӣԽԽҪ˲סԼˡ
һķŭδûмֻӣͬգͰ͵ȥò˳̸ŧûӵ˵ˣ
޲ðˮϯͣͷԱ
Զ֣ܼҵʮ˴ʺ˸飬ڿĴŴˡʹˣҲˡ
ҲñֳԼĸˣϾطֲֹͳԶˡȫݳͷ˵ռء˿ΪĴ󻧶ˡ
ʮ߻˼ҡλ峤ǽԶü
ˡ򶼴ˣ㻹˵ʲôڣ
ȻչֳԼֻ̳Զ䣬ҲǸ˵ġ
ԶƢһͱɣ˵Ҫô죿ﷴϾҪĶˡֵжԸ
Խ˵ԽҪͬЭѹصʱǲҵģ
ƢҲˣŧˣû˿ɽԶƾʲôôᣡҪˡ
ˣ죡
Ĭԣӽû˵һ仰¥īǳҲʲôǴ¡Ҫôţʵʵ̸顣ҪôǴҾͻطۡ
ڳ̼ûų̸λ֮ǰ¥Ҳݳļ塣ʹڣҲԸ¥īһӡ
Ҫ˵Ҳô¶ٸҪҪ۾˼˼㡱Сµ˸ƨ顣
ֱţԶЦҪﷴߵĻﰵݻͷˡˡ㿴ڸʲôǿҼҵأֱǿо
ǽһᰡ˵ĵôģû
ûԹҪ£Ҳûʲô¶ĲԶֱ¥īһۣڨڨֹס˻ͷ
ҪǾšż
һѳԶʹȥ
˿бǸǶŸɣԼ̫𣿣
ԶŭѾһͻ¼ﷴԷ澹ؽ˴Ρǹ˸°ǽָ̼Ұ
λεľ棬ǵģһεľԶˡ
ĲУӲҲУʲô취ֱ˵ɣ
Զ۳סΪģֲݣš
ҵķӺܼ򵥡Ԯ


117 
ˣ
޲Զһơ
ȫǽϵʱ򣬼ҼһŻգԼ¶ҪΪﷴǿʼ񣬽ϳ˼ſʼڳ߶ټϳԶǰ̼Ҫ£˲Ż۴˵أΪԼıһ·
Ȳ˵ǵԮͲ͵ĳȥ˵Ҫ˭ԮŭλǾλ
Խ˵ԽھǷѹٱˣΪԼź𣿹ٹĸ֣ӲĶ֪
˵ˣҵȷռأΪܹռأ̸Ļ¸׼Ҫ˰
ȥͶλʱһϸȳ̸̰ģǻͶﷴء
ĲϾ̼Ƶվ
һʱ֮䣬·˶ȰԶһ̰ɣٹơ
ǣ
ԶЦֹǲﷴ𣿡
һ㶣֪֮⣬˿˽⡣Щݴ󻧲ӪóҪ࣬ۼϢͨȣȲϴˣ񶼱Ȳϡ
ǱһĶֵأÿڿ˼Ÿء
֮ûʲô˼ң˽õضѳʵʵ˰ԶֻҪһ뵽мҪɵ˰գֻ඼ʼ鴤ˡ
λɲҪΪֻǽ˰ˡԶݵϸֳһ˿⣬ˣǵжͶģ
ɲȫģͶġ˼ҿͶͼľǷ¿Բ˰ֻҪѱ˰һĺôѸҾˡ
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˰ɣ͵ڸ߱ˣҺ۸ɣֱӸﷴǽڡ
⣬λɸұ֤ûһԶЦǺǵҳһϣ˵ҹǰ˸ɾŶӣһӡɣһ˵
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ˡ¥īڿ˵ˣҴˣξϸֻҪȥ棬þͻ֤ݳ¸ôоôС
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ˣ·ͨ¥īԵ
˽һ㶣ԶƤЦⲻЦ¥ɾԹ˰
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ȻԶôһ̣󲿷˶ֻƨɵƵġûʲôҲƤȽϺװıȽϺðˡ
ǻҿӡ¥īϲŭɫɫȻԳһԻ
óһֽ
ԶӹһҲ֪Ǹø˻Ǹѹ
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ԶĤ˵ۡ
ǮҪˡ¥īڿﷴǲϳˡȻĲԣǾֻӲˡ
˵ˣôãǵҵġԶЦǺǡ
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ԶЦҼǰȥţ˹ٸǰݣӦܻܲҼҰɣ
һʱ䣬˾Ĭһ˲׷׻ټ˵ʵۺǸ˵ҹӦ䣬ͬ
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ҾáλҲȥˡ
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ԶֱͷĿѣΪ˲ע⣬ŵʱǴߵļСţһ·Сžۼ
⽫̸ʱİգΪ˶Ŀ
ﷴô֪ģ
ģԶһͷ亹͵뵽ǵǲڼ飿
ʵ̫ˡվǰȥΪͷӣҼ÷λǰȥ
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λεĵоָǣǰŸոθﷴһÿģžͱǴˡ
Ҳ֪ûǸղ˵Ļ
λˡԶͷʿܴҵǰȥ
¿ۣĵƤ񰡣̸ֲ˵Լݳʿ֮ס
ǣλǰȥ硱
ΣԶʵкָ̣
̵ָǲҵҵȳէǿѹͷߣ뵱شǣҲһİ
ȥİԶ޲ƿڴ
ֻǫЦЦҵҵλвǲС϶ĪҲӡ
ЦЦĿۣ·ӣңԲãֻ̡¥ҵĵȥ硱
¥īüıδҲ̫ˡ
˾ƣҲ֪ٴϵֻҪȥˣʱʲôʿ󻧵飬Ҿǻ춼˵
ٺһЩֱӰ֪ģѲɼ˻ȥﷴҪ˲ɡ
˱ۣʣµľ߹ʲô˵ˡҪˣ㶼ùԹǮ֪Ǯһܻûˣ˼бе͵ñš
Ȼ¥īͳԶҲУֻƱˣֵô㣬¥īʵ˵֡
ȻˣǱɡ¥ī̾˿׻Ǿһˡ
ЦǺǣλɣɡ
ڨЦţ׺ʿųߵſڡ
ҡǶѾˣ𣿡Ͱ͵һԭأбһĽʿǡ
Եȡ¶Ѿߵſڵ¥īϸòĵ˸ǸţתԶ͡
뿴ǵʿͬһŵģִеĹҲͬ
仰˵Χǣûϵ



118 
Ȼڣ
ͬɫ۵Ĺٲ¬Уƽƽĸ֣Ȼŵ̱ڵϡ
¬սսȻһۣ̾ƻİȫԱѺ
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¥ϣȾңϣϣ
Զվŵ¥īѾˮ˾ɱӺ
ʣµʮеİͷȨûȻȵĿ⡣еڻŭĵȻһۡ
ﷴпԭȻģ˳һ«ޡ
ԶĲУȻ޲ðƤǡ˲Ҳˡ
λʿ𣿡òѯʡ
Զޣ˵ǿһɱӺװʲôװ
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ţ¬ϡ
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ôһǾͱ׶ﷴĴϡĽ𣬸ﷴͷ­ӣĶǡ
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Ծ·Ծ·
һߣˣŽӲƤ¬ıáһߣ¥ī˹˳ĸų½˸á
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ͳһɫۡΨһϱ־ͬ˶ɫҴңװ빾ǿ첽ǰСһˣÿһۡ
ҪǣΪʲôŮӣѲӵŮŮΪλڸڡ
ˣԶȻЩ㡵Ұɡλ겻µܲԶЦλҲǸȻܹһҹǰơ
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ԶЦų½˶С
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Զ۽üҶڳ鴤ôֱ׵ʳ
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ԶĿ˳εĻͷʳɴַӳԼƣੲݵĿʼԼ࣬ʳֵֺ࣬ƵԱߡ
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ģ
ԶѾûбӹˣ¶ôһŷƤźŨĶⲻΡ
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ɫ࣬ζҲôģμ˻ǽɫ˸ɾԶҲعͷһԷ
ϳĬ쳣
ȷ˿ӣ˼֪֮꣬Ϸˡ


119 
ֲ赭ģλЦˡε
ʵǿˡ¥ī䣬ȴ򿪻ͷ
εֱ룬ȫǽϣҵλΪλҪۼڳ̸
ԶһԶ֪ͷľ˭ﶼȥרȥء
ûȳԶͣЦЦʵѲݴ󻧾ƶʵûʳˣԲҪȥ̸뷹ԣ
ѲСӣ
Զͷ˼Լϲϡ
ˣ˵̼ҵȷʳٿɱΪʲôȫݴ󻧶ܡ
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ҪǲϣǾ͵ýΪʲôô˲Լͬҡ
ôѻش𣿡
Զ˿ڿˮͼƽڵʵǡ
Ϊҵէʾݣҵʵǻ̿޴롱¥īض˳ԶδڵĻ
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ԶһѾǰѻ˵ˡǾǾۼˣȥԱ֪ǾۼΪʲôҪҪ˺ƤȥʣͲԷˡ
ȻˣǾ͸ɴԼۼҪѻ˵û˵ʲôֻۣǻ̻޴룬ȡůˡ
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Ҳʰˣλ˽šЦЦϸ˵
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һ˼ңҪΨ·ӿߡһŬ׬ǮӪ湺һʱᶯ֡
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120 
ɡߵӵŽġ߳ߵĴվСĳԶǰѹ
ԶؽҧԤϵ˲ңΣʱͽıɫȻ¶˳
˫ĿֱΣĶΣ޲ðһĥγ˺顣
Ǻ⣿
ЦЦԼɹԼұ㲻׸ˡͷǱϼ׾죬ӦòϣƵİɡ
֮ǹԹ־ܣԼأڻˡ
Զҧӣ޲˺ΡǿбԼ¶һ΢Ц˻⣬С϶
¥̸οԶҪ˵𣿡
Զܹߵ죬ôܱ仰˵ҪͶ
Сӣʱһûгôţҵ˿ɾ͡ԶƤЩЦ⡣
ԶܹаԵô꣬Ȼһ֡׳Լף඼׼ɱ˷
Ϸģ˶Ѿˡոսĳ˵ǳĳϿңϻŨصѪǸոնսһ
Զɫ䣬ƵɫһƬҵǿŭȵҪƭϷ򣡡
ݾǧˣ˵ҲиˣҶļãô̶̰ܶʱ¾
ԶЦǺǵİϵĺӴˣԶ
ԶɫɷףĴΪ׶ģɱˣݡһͷѪı˺
ϵ˷ֲڱ⡢ѧǽҪͼݻ𡣾ǿϧˣãӲð
̾˿·ʵΪԶѹҲ˼ݣͰ˳Ϊأ
ûӵĴ֡
ԶѾ˶ˡϤݵĲֱ֣춼ڰϣвηŹˡϾٶǧҲôɰ
ȻԶûϵݾһ飬γ붼ҪճΪϸݾ׾ҳˡ
ϣɡٶظ仰һûиĻˡ
Զ㣬־ȥĸֵһʱȻıԶ֡
ԶŵֱΡ
֪Լ޷һ֣Ҫ汳ģ
ԶĵȥƼ죬Ǹĵ̧ȥ˳Զֵĸ첲
ʱ䣬ԶһҽУȫǺ罦Ѫ;ҵѪ
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ļˡɱ˵ġ˸ĻᰴӦɷãûзµҲᶯǡƽĿųԶ֪ͨ顣
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˵ˣ㿼⣬ֻܱ֤㿼ˣٸҲԴҡ
ȵþͻп棬Խ֪ε֮⣬ĿǰйΪ١λֶȤǰӦ١
ģ¥īֱҪάֲסԼĺˡʲô棡
֮ý˵󻧣֮Ҫ˳ƽڶ࣬Ҳ¥ȫӵܶѧ̩ԴͶ׵˼ҡ
һͶ֮类ƣûӦӵܶѧоٵӵܾͻԽ٣Ͷ׵ĶԽ٣ʹԽ٣Ӷ½ѧӵԽ١һγɶѭ¥ҵİ֮䡣
¥īҲάֲȥЦˡΪͲҪζ֣¥ҵİ֮Ȼ֡ǷڴǰƷԱʱ򣬺ڱƤԶݵһλӡ
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¥īðϸϸܵ亹ԵΪꡣ
鷳ǣϾĵĻظȫûҪؼ˼˼


121 
Σ¥īЦ˵·ˣŻ׿졣СӲ֪£ȴҲʶü֣ؿܲʹǼɡ
ͶˣȻͦġ
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123 
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էȻŴ޹Ҫײߣڳ˾һȻ֪ǲǷϻܱȸųĬǿɡ
ڳĿƿ޹޹ͦأɫͼѸ˿ڣҪȷҪһ˿ڣ
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Խһڱܰȫū澡ȡǵūطչΪūİնࡣ
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˻һԡһ뵽һ㣬̾˿еİ취
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Ҳ֪ˣ㡾ô޹µġ
޹Ȼʵ·֤ʵ㡵ҳϡΣû֤ûĴ޹޷ͳһ֧ɶ϶ɵĸӶġ
Ȳ޹ǶԱͲܷһͶĲбܽ
޹ͷĲ״鵹о飬пܻᱻŽ֧ڶͷѡǹƻеˡ
֧ڸӣȻԼǱȳһӰɡ㡶Ŵ޹º͵
޹ѾĲСֻһӣ˵¶˼
ǿпƼ˲Աߺѿɫæʴˣ˭ԱЩ
ȴЩʱգȵԱѡ


126 
ü죬Я˴·粻ɨ˽Ĵ࣬Щ˱׼ñ߸·߽˷ˡ
Ȼ·壬ôȻԴԴϵӿ
һΣǼ롣
һ·ϣð·صȷȥǶԽԽ١
Ȼ벻ûʲôıˣ෴ģǴ⡣
һһӱγ˸ȻˡЦǺǣªĻ·ﶼΪ
Ȼݸڵ˸ǺãȻ
˵Ҫ齨ˣ
㡿˷糾͵ļһۣͷ
Ǿϸ㻧ɵıֿʼˡ
ˣһҪʳ٣ǰȥһ·ĵʳడھ͸оһҲѺá
ҪʳΪȷʳİȫҪ˿ᣬǾ͵ǿ׳ˡЩԽ࣬·ĵʳԽࡣһ·϶óԺȡ
봭˿ˣݱ֣·һһϡ༴ɡҪȥˣԶ䣬һһĵʳһϡ඼סס
ֱҪԭرը
Ҳ̫ˣ
Ϊ˷ֹôһ͵ܹࡣҲ˵֧γ͡һ񱻳գôͱҪȥԶһĵطˡԶʳࡱ
ֻϵʺһ䡣˭ĸӳ⣿
㡿ͷʹѵļ룬ֻ˵һ仰㻹бĿ˿ڵİ취𣿡
һҭ
˵ˣ˭֪Լ۱ȼ֣ͣͨķʳࡣҪǮ͵ûʱ䣬˭ϲ
Ϊ㡺ζٶȸľá
һҪ׳²ͼԽΪʾڽǿ󳹵ݸ
һ׼ܹسͶѪݸ
Դʱ˿̣໨ʳҪҪǺ˿ڡ
ЦǻһҪʳأ

ڽأԽأȾϪء
˽֮ٹɳؾܹȪݡǲȥأ˰ɳֱ³أ͵ı߽硣
Ѿ뿪أٹһҪȪݵؽˡӸǳҴ
һ֧ģеȵĳӣԼĪһʮҡȻִֵĿ⾼쳣
ӽһٶʮ׳ӹһ֧ĳӣмһ
ܹô˼ңƱҴ塣
ƫƫϵװΪӣȥ֧롣
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ЩŮǸ͹ˮɫ󡣿Щ˾ȻֻǴʹŮûʸֻΧŶһͬС
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Ʊظò²ǸСӡ
Ȼŵ˭û˹ģ·ȫǼ˼
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ΪӦһĵġֺõЦݡǳǿնġģֻǼѵ˺죬ڳõ
²壬ɱϣ廻ȡʳҪĴۡ
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ĺСΪ޶ȵĽʡʳֻǴоĹһСɼʹһС飬ԣǶǾʳ
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һʱжֱ档ȲºҪܵĴԲӾͺ鷳ˡ
λصǣлְذˡҼڽλҼΪ澣
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ǳһĳС׷Ӧٶȷǳ찡
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Ը⣡Ը⣡
˻顱ĿʼͷһͷһҪⱲӵᶼҪɾ
ʹǰ·ããһԸŮһӵˣܲǸߡ
Ҫǣûʲôʧȥˡ
ţǴ˷ġԸ⡱лŮʴȡȵȻ
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ҳǰˣȫԹýš
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ΪڰڷˡǣҪǵսǰڻҾҪǵ⸬
ǳɴ˰һ֧ԼӳеĻӡӶЧи
ټĴŮɣôһ·ϳͬˡ


127 
ںδ
С䣬ͬ壬ʵ
β죬һǿ޹ˡáжָӡ
˵˵ţͳ㺦ҡ
СԽԽɿɫҰ׵ӣֲö˵ʲôֻǿѹŭ
ڻһЩֻʮһۼأɰǧۼһһһĭܰ
С׺޺޵ǲָӣԼҲͰˡǺͬеĶѣֻѰ
ԡԲ𡱣庿ޡǳǸһնףѪҺ罦ѾŻˡֱСһпܲһεۡ˶Ҫˡ
СһޣûԽ
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Сһ㻹ǵüƻ𣿡
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Ǵ綷ǳ˹ɱǼȣ֫ˮײŻµļпˮ伢ˮж
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ŵ·࣬ƺһݵľ۾ӵء
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Ȼſڵ޵ģʱĹȥʶ޷ǣΪǾֻ뿪Ѱ·
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忴ȥеˣĺûİ
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塱͵Ůﴫ弴
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һ̧ͷ˵ҼŮ˵ˣѾˡ
ϣ˾ƲסԼķŭ
ЩǴ޳Уɽ亣ζʲôʱϵͷЩ
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·ܹʿˮǰ˵壬ĻǼ١
λҼҾڽҪȥ̽׵ġ͵Ůİǵķŭ
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ãȻ룬ôǲƭ˵ģʲôƭ
ţڵϸֳһ˿ЦݡѾûʲôʧȥˣҲͲ±ƭˣ
λƵŮɻˣЩԣαҪƭأ


128 
С׵ȷûƭʲôͼı
˵ʹͬ飬ȴҲȻһҺͬ㣬Ϊӡ
ǳֻǽһΪϱ˳澵ģԼūȻһͬؽġ
ǰÿԹ̶쵽һСֻܹżֻŮɵʴȡʱǼСһʱʲôûС
ĵʳĶԱȻñȥū澵ĸжڷҡҲûȥĽټżһӵʩᣬ¿ǰܲЩǰ
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ȥſһǧǳļˡΪһʮôпܷ񱩶ʱ򣬸ֵ޷˵
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ʷҦˬĽ⿪ԼϵǱѺѾˡ˵˿һۡ
Ǿõȳ͢ʹ߲ķԽݻƵ˷·ʾ˼ıˡ
ţòԣʹųˡգֱ֮Ҷϱ
ʳȱ˵㲻ϺóԺúźţҲǾľˡʷҦˬ߶͸͸Ȩ˵˸š
ͻ䣬ԣˡаʹϢ֪ܷȥ
û£ִس·ʮ򣬴ٽƽ
ʷҦˬôС˰꣬ӿÿܸԷ˵˵Ҫ˻ˡ
¾Ʊü졣
Ϸӵʡ֮صسº췴Ҷࡢ֮ܳ⣬ֻʣһЩӰˡԺԲƵСˡ
㡺ݡɹӵһʡ֮أͻ𣬳Ϊһ˵Ҳ˵ڰݣ¹µⳡϷӵ


129 
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ȻСӸãż©硣ܹͷĸֺɱ
ʷҦˬһҲûҪȥ˼ô⿪ȻŰ屳й۲졣
վд֣żҪȻ
˭Ӯ
Ҧˬһۣ˵дҶࡱ
ʷȵô϶һΪ֧Ҷţأ
ҶܹңƱڿмҶţ·ڰŻֻ䲻ҧҶһڡ
ҶţҪλ˳µĽҶõİ취һˣҶһΪҶ౨н
ͷĺɱҶţҶڶе֡
ʷЦһⷨӣɵӶֻ֪ϧ׵Ļǻϵ
ҦˬҲЦвϣþСҶൽǱɱĻҶţ£˭֪أ
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Ҷλôڣʷܲм˭ġ
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ʷˮҪӶÿ죬һӢҪûˡȥ֮󻹵ñһСЦûڵˣһŰϡ
ſ׵ʿһڶţȻΪǵˣᵶһ
ʷҦˬŵϷ壬һ͡
ԭͽ⿪˵Ӧ䡣
ڰʷѵֿЦ
ѸܵԱһɰȭͷֱ۾ȥ
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ʷҦˬȷ޷ٰŰȥֻͣöһۣμҾ֡
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ս֮ڷ֮䵽ݺǽǡڽԱգȻˮĵ䷶
ɱϣǰݺ󣬵ˡѪɺӣҦˬͷʹѡ
ģⱲӶԺˣ
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ӿ׵ĲʵϡѥӣǷаǡҦˬѿƳһ˽˴ŵƽԼԺη
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ʷ̾ȻҪżƽˣسϷǶûˡǡãҪȪݣûƽǾ͸ɴȪΪϷľݵ㡱
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ǰҦˬͷ֪ҪʲôسøûҪãһƶϣ֪ɵã𣿡
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䣬Ҧˬɫ䡣
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130 
ȥҶࡱҦˬϡ
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ʷҦˬǰĽ˵ȫٵ
ս֮ϣΪ˻ͼɱʷҦˬˣʷҦ˷ɱ
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ݵʱΪʳãûҹäѾõһˡ
ȻʹˣͼҵҶ඼һΪѵ¡ỹñܿƴɱ
ҶΪͷ죬ƱҦˬԭͼǰҶסķݣȴǵطλ򸽽˶ʵ̫ࡣ
˶ġʷ˵ͳһװƱػűҶࡣ
˿ĿİͼͻķݣĵҪУȻȳһԴԴϵӿ
Ҫʷسһװֻµ˸ΪײС
УҦˬҧ
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ҵ˾£ҲһζҵҶࡣ֪ǲǻ˱˵·
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طǷӺľһҶ࣬ôͼҸٵĵطˮȴټ򵥲ˡ
Ȼ򵥵뿪ս
ڽ˵зص㹥˷ǵˡ
϶ҧ󣬸ֳ˴ʣȫǵ˵״̬
Ҷ˻سõˣǶԣҪɱĵз
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ҦˬңмֻҪһұۣǣ⡣Ǽʸ֮ƱеʹҦˬؽҧǰڡ
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ʱҦˬмһǹ/УܿҪѪֹʷۡȾһԼɼ׻Ĺǲ硣
Ǳǿžʹͼɽ
ҿҶĲפɽɽɽΪ㡣
ߣҦˬŲð˵ʷ˵ײײھŸϡ
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ʱϿɽʼϵķԽ߰ɽŵŸɽҪܹԭ·أƺôһȦܹܿսʤһսɽ
ԣҪôԽӣӵĻԽ
ҪȳһⳡҾҶࡢҶţسе˭ӮңôҲζƱҪȵӮʰսֲܹȵ
пֻսɽôȵ˽ҲӲˡ
ҪǣһӲҲ޷˭õɽפȪݸκ㡡
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ְϢʷֱ˵ʱҺ㡱
ҦˬЦֻ˯˾ҲѲˡ
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ҦˬҰݣ˷̤ҪŻȥ
ǰʮֹսҺͼģֱεĵڸȥĻᡣ
ҸлҸҪ
Ҧˬɫƽġô꣬ܿҪȥˡ
еϧǰûܳԵǡ
֪ˣʱȪ֮ǰӦóԸ
Ҧˬһ濴ŵµսһ滳ǵ
ʷһᶨ֪ԷǼᣬ⡣ԽꡣΣڿڡ
ˣ޷ߡõİ취ֹѪҩֹס㸹ѪȻӳȥ
ҶҪ
Ҧˬʷһۣ˵ƽ￴źʵʵҲͦġԼвҦˬս
ҦˬĬһ֪ʷͣҲʶʱֻҪ㹻ᶨԷۿȰ˵ɣͻԶȥ
ûػֻſ档ҹɫﻹǿ̫µս
壬ҪסԼǰ˵һԱΪҪ
ʷ̲סǿڴ˵أѰ
ɴҪ㹻ĺݣ֮ĺ!
Ҧˬ
ʷһԽŭ
ʹڿŵ罺ᣬŨ⡣Ǹʲô
ҦˬΪʧѪ࣬ԭͷ׵ɫ⻰ԽҰסô꣬Ȼ֪һӸԼص
ݺݵʲô˼
ʷЦһ𣿡
ҦˬؽҧȻ֪ʷʲô˼
κ㡿ȥǺϵ浽˴ҵɵһգ㲻ǻʵۣɹжֻͷֻɻҡ
˭׸˭Ӵˣǰ
鷳ǣ˳οûҪӵĴ㡣ûкΪάϵŦǵĺϵֻνİ飬Ǽֱ
ȽᣬҲܲסԴԴӿСˡ
ʱֻ´󶨵һգһա
ǰ
ʷĻǴＷģҦˬԴ𣿡
ʷɫƽķˣ޷ȰҦˬô濼ͱҪ
ʷۿɫ׵Ҧˬ
ҦˬݿİţѪҺʧҲʧļɽҹ²ʧѸ١
ҲҲ
ߣ
˾ҦˬžʹվΣƴһΣҲԵסǰжˡ
ʷѵĳһ΢Ц˵ȣпҦˬϡ
Ǳ໥пѵıõϡ


131 
ݡϢϢҦˬţ뿿ϣʵǿסˡ
ѾԽ˾ŸɽҲ֪Լɽͷϡ
ɽϣҪĨҩ
ҿʱǽʱڣɽﻹҵһЩֹѪҩ˶˻ֻܵ
ʷҦˬŶժһЩ̶ˣֻͣа
⸹湻鷳ġʷҦˬѪֹĸʱԸп
Ҧˬʵûˡûбȫ̴Ҳʧ˴Ѫ
ڴ̶һȥѪҲû̫ٵơҪҦˬһֱѹֹѪѪҺʧٶֻ졣
УǵȥϿɽȡҩϿɽҶ̽פĵһߡʷҦˬΪһϿɽʱʺҩ
ҵ˿ڽûдĲҩУҪиõҩ
ҦˬûлػѪҺļʧ˶ʼ˥ȥ
ʷŸϿɽ˵Ҳ߰ɽľ롣ǷŸɽ棬ҦˬѾˡû֧Ͽɽʬûȥһ·п׷
Ͽɽߣͨ򱱷·ߡƽڱࡣسõıӦþǴӱġҦˬҧ
Ȫ֮ǰѯʹص˼ңҲƹɽļ׵ͼʷȸҦˬֹѪȻԼԼĨҩۺϵ˿ڡ
ɽݣȪݡǵյִȪݵʱǴϵݳһȦ˱Ϸ֮ϿɽȪݡΪľǷִֹ
һͻ¹ʣҪΪ̾룬ϵϣôϿɽߣֱӴӾŸɽϲ·ߡ
գ׼ҪϿɽôϿɽʺҩҪֻҪȪݣôȪݵĽ紦һжǱŵȴӦǡ
ǴӱģôϿɽķػѾƣǵط׼һŻսҦˬЦΨһѡ¡Ȼ¾һ⡣
ͻϲ̽ߣ
ɽϱݺаҶռɽĵ̽һԾŸɽΪģܵɽ֮Ͼзߡ
ϲȻҲС
Ҫһֱ£˵ҲҪʮɽȻҵ֧˸ǿȵķɽԽ롱
Ҧˬ޿κΣû˵ʱ򻹺˵֮أ޷
ǲɽأɷɽһʱ䣿
Ҧˬһ㶣ҡҡͷʳﻹͨҰҰ˽ɽҰĶ࣬ҹ²󡣽ʱȱҽҩ޷ȡůʾǱ
Ҧˬ֣׼ιҰޣҲǸιӥˡ
Ҧˬʷҡҡͷûѡ
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ӮسãôʽͻΪϾΪΪ˶սбܣսɽֻϸ²ҼҡƱػȫɽһһ䡣
Ҧˬʷԣζ׷Ϊ׶
ȵȡʷɫسӮˣôƱҪɨҶ̽ҿԽ˻ͻϲߡ
ϿɽŸ干ưɽ塣ôǲľ㣬ϲķӦҲǰ˵ҡҷҲˣŸɽսҵϢѾ̴ͨ˹ȥǰߵĽʿƱػᱻսҼпֻʣ߻С
ҦˬЦʱĹȥսӼңڵʿԴԴϵͶŸɽȻΣΪ˷ⲿĵˣһƱؼΪҪҶ಻򲻵Ѿᶯõġ
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ҦˬЦʷǰе˲ӿ룬׷ԴԴˣûûҩûоҪҶˣ
ʷЦҪˣ
طԭһҾ֡ԼķŪꡣܵζڵĿ˼
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ȵʷѵѹʱѾˡҪ̫ãյۻʷΪԼȥˡ
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ǾζǼпܲҪƴɱͿԴߡ
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ʷЦ˵ǹײӹȻգɹĸߡҲҪˣкξ塣
ĸϢĵԵĵҦˬʷɴϣӲ˵һפء
һ൱׵פءֻСľݣܹʮ߰˸ˡⲿм׵ķ¡һЩ̱ڻڡ
Ѿľݣ˻ֱӰеһɨա
ҵƹҩġõģ˷ģֹѪҩӦªפ̽ԼƵġ
ȥ˿ڵ⣬ҩģֳ˿ɳ伢ҰϡмڵްԵ硣Ҧˬʷһֻ˵ĸо
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ãҶ޿֡ڲĵһߣֵĿԼСط̽Ÿɽˡ
ʷЦ˵·ϾȻһ̽ûײá
Ҧˬһ㶡ʳůٶת
㲻úǷֻôһȥŸɽ̽û
ҦˬüҪôҶҶţ̽ǱȳսǰȽ˾ŸɽҪôЩ̽ˡ
ʷʶĿ˿Ĳ֣ûսĺۼ˱ضԼߵġҲ˵ҶҶţⳡսԤϣҲǰ׼
ҶţҪ˳Ҷسҡسýƾͼƣ߸ɴţͼһټҶҶţȫȡȪݡ
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ʷЦ벶ȸںسáҶࡢҶţ˭˭ǻȸ
Щ̽˭ˣֻҪͶսܹЧسõս
ҦˬܺáֻҪԼĵĴ㣬ܹ໥ƺ⣬໥ġ˭ӮңڲϵĺķԼʵǲʵ
ҦˬԣҪġ
У
ʷҲҦˬǱӣڶΣ޷ȷԼܻܲ˵ǼٵġȻ֪˸̣ȫ˭ĸ˭һţʷܲ
פشһ죬˯ʱ΢ʱٶ·
ôŵפʳҩһ·尾ŵߡ
ѾפˣʣµפӦòˡıûʷĵȫȥ˵Ĳ鷴Ψһ˵˿ڲѪˡ
ͬʱʷȼû֪ҦˬһֱڳԵա
˶ɽˮĵز
鷳ǣѾʮȥˣƺûײϺ׷
ɲʲô¡Ҫôսֻû˽֡ҦˬЦ̫Сˡ
ĿԾɱۣĹȡɽ
Ҧˬ̾˿ҲζţϣƱػἴ̿ʼɽҲ˵߻ѹ
ǵʱ䲻ˣҪ죡
ǰüɡЩפԭǸ̽ⲿ飬ȻԽģԽ󣬲ѲԽܡ
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һģѸٻ˶Էװ
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ҦˬĳϣǾԮ˻سˡֻҪʷѵĻᡣ
ȻϣǽӦǵСˡ
ʷ˲Լȣһ·ǰӡȴζ޷ͻƵзķߡ
ɫǺ죬ֻŷƴɱֱǰĵԽԽ٣ʷããȻ̧ͷվǰĶ顣
ǲʮˣȾѪȴһѩĸֵɫۡ
ʷҦˬѾ׺ľȴЦ
ЦԼЦԼþ
뿪ɽһ̣ʷҦˬţղϣˡҦˬ˿ڱ˺Ѳҷ׻ŧʷȹǻϣпȳһӡ
˶ûȥעԼƣǻͷȥԶȺɽΡ롣
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ʷȥֶһβҵľˡ
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ҡҡͷ˵ӦǵСԭֻǰ̶ӣǱȪݵĽ紦ɽЩ롣ֻǰٳûϢǵȲסˣɴԲҩ˵½½ɽһ֪ˡֲֻõפΧ
Ϊ±֣פֻ̫ҹƻ졣֮ǶûǾͱҪ˻ȥ
θ̾һ䣬ãһϡɼ֮
ʷЦ˦쳣죬ҿûзԼȥһҦˬ;Ҫˣ
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133 
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134 
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ζ㡹һҪĴ۾͸ˡ
ĺһسһɳĽӦҲǸսĺ
ǰ滹мߣ
㡿ǮӣƮƮʵ
ǮĶˣСҲ̫֪
ֻһиһҶİϹһɽϾҶҵİ̽ȫԼµļˡ
Ǯӿûе˵ֵܣݺһڣԾҲҪٶˡ
ûҳеǮӣǽת
ѾûôЩүˡµҲˣɽڲƱǳˡ
ҲǣǲƺĲɬЦЦүʱķſʯͷʱܵС˾͸ˡ
أٳûϢʵڵȲסˡµܵɽϵ˳ˣү˷˵ġ
ֻ֮ùɽǱҲҵܵܡ
ӣô˰ɤ۶µĻţƤС˵ôˣ
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ڵзѾɱĶףǰߵķأƽ̩Ķһ·ɱ׷Ųбܽɾ͵һߡɽ
һɽƽ̩ɫ䡣طȻƳǳڵļе
һ˴ɽ¹ʯ¼еƱ˲ءеڴһ˱ֻŽ֮Ӵܵһ򾡡
ձձ
ƽ̩˻ߣƴ𡢴
ɱ۵Ľʿգ֮䣬һ˳˼е
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һĿᣬСΪϡ
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138 
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ν֮գǡү뾩ԶԶһ档
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139 
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Ƶøп丮áȻһͬ·乤ƺƵԱæˡ
ƻˣδеѡ˵һƻܼһμӡƾͲˡͨԱ𲻹ٺһæпֻ֮üθеĹμӡ
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һ˵꣬е㷲ĿΡս鲢ʶ˵Եе顣
ѿѾϢҦˬأĿǰΪֹδֽݽ紦κεαȽĵط
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ɵúȫͬгУ治ˮƽߡ
ʱεһεȸĵطȻԼµ̫ƽʢᶨΪԼԶԶá


140 
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һԽϽڽʩսǰ׼
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ҵʱĻˡ޲ðѳ˵øֲЩЩִ˼ҡ
ϸЦһСޣӻǻﶼûأ㻹թңʲôû


141 
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ȵ׿Ⱥϵܽãø̨ϵɽƽڷ
ƽǵ걻εһ£Ǽ֮һءԽͬڣҦˬʷֱĶθѸ٣˶ڹٳϽŪִ꣬һΣյ
ƽôĬĬŵĴѧԺû̫ദµĲŻΪҺʵرģӲء
ԴʼѹµһѧִܹѧԺƽĴոһյĥµоȻڿҿҵĸɻ
ƽͷĽɫǳеϻţΡվεĴ󷽣Ϊһһ˲ţηĵĽѧԺ


142 
ƽͲ࣬ǧƪһɵɽѸᡣȻɤӣʶ֧ԼĶ䡣֪ϷҪˡ
λӦѾѡԼȥǿ븮ãǽ뽳ơҽϽо顱ƽ˶٣߻ȥ̳мҵ
¶ʱһЦһѧӶҪ쳤˲ȥǰĶγ
γ治࣬ͬǶĵЦ˺ƤȻй̨ϵƽңң
ȫĺЦˡ
γǵݵĶĶӣǸݣӦֳЦĶ
ΪĶӣγ֮־ҪѧԺ븮áȴҪƽ̳жҵļҵ
ڶγһͨ׵Ķ߶ͬ˵𡰼ҵҵݣҵأ·ںη
˼Ǵͨصĵ·̫ƽôȥؼ̳мҵ
ԴԺ󡰼̳мҵĸֳ˶ıǩƽʵ˶š
ʱɽ̨ϵ٩ֱɱӱµѧںЦ˷
µĽҵ˲
̨ϵƽЩ׵ѧӣ⸴ӡ
ǵһҲڡ˿̴εıӻ֮£һЦ֡
ɵȵǿѧԺĴţͷ絶˪Ƶӣۼ׹¶Ұǧ޼ľĵʹֻܰ˱Ʒ衣
Ҳ֪жλ˳ж˻ϻȪжƽӹһ
ƽһϸף޲һｫԼȫ鶼֪ǡ
̨½İ
ձϹսıӦҲˡƽɫƽõһԽԼȻǸĴǼس´ѹ
½βûڸس´ٳµϢ෴ģձԼ½ձȵȸصıֽ౨¡
سʮѹȿݣٴƫƫԽıҲһˣ⻹һ֮ġ
ٿ۳פڸǳصĺ㡴ߵı̵ܳҲǧˡ
Աԭ˵ʮǵûԽ񣬷˽ս
Ϊ޿ˡ
ཨļҾ֮սҡġӻĵӣòװ˭ٹشǰƹһ껹ԲϷӡ
յĽҵ񲻽ΪҵҲսǰԱ
ͺԻҪ֪ȵٰҵʱ򣬵ѧǵȥǰѾˡʱսǰԱֱڡ
ǡľҵ
ҪУ
мпܻԽĵ߽ѧӡ
ѧԺͳ˵ѧӣǰ빤ġһȥϹһѧԺ顣
ʱѧԺ͸öݣҲԶܹģʽ
ȵε󡢰빤Ͳˣټֲôȱ֮Ҳûôˡ
սһ𣬸ȱ֡ʱƱҪָ빤Ĵͳ
Ҳ˵빤ѧӿǰӴԼ뱨ĲţǸɻмĿܹ¡
Ѹǲֲֵ֪õǵʮѧӡ
һΰ빤Եߡ˽ѧӡ
ѸٰȥЦ֪ʶûѧʵأֺ¶ֲǵˡ
۷׷׵ĳ׿Ⱥ֮⣬еѧӡ
أȫѧԺĶγˡ
֣ͥ˿ܾùֵֹģ֣Ƕҵˣְ빤¶Ҳֲǡߣֻ֮еѧӣкã
γܹȫѧԺɲ̳мҵĸ֣Ϊ궼ѧԺһζĳɼǼ׵еĵһ
Ҫ֪ѧԺѧƸĸΪ󣬿۳ѧԺһֻʽˣ׵ֻˡ
ˮƽ޶ֶƴѧһ£һ굽ҼҲǳ̬һѶ֮ߣֱԶ
ȻöγĻ˵ֻһΪǰȫԺҪѧĻ֪ʶΣǱרҵ˲Ҫѧϰרҵγ̡ЩγҪһõһ
γͶרҵϸ緢ֱ˵ҪǴһ߰˽ѧӣûҪǡ
Ȼ̨ϵƽˡ
ǵһβ빤ѧӶҪӿݺͽģ뿪ѧԺ鲻ףҪѧ߰ѧӽӡ
һ߰ѧδѧרҵ֪ʶҪָ㡣ƫƫ˸ЩĬҪѧԺѧϰ֪ʶǵĹ߹ǲظ̵һεġҪЩǰ˰ǲһ֪ʶ
⣬Զ˽֮»ҲЩ
γһ֣¶ΪѧԺոսʦûרҵѧɴȵʦš
ҵ֮ڸϹøС˼ϿΡ
һ˶ð
γѧԺŶûȥѾ̫ܵնˣ
Цˣ壬Ҳװ׺ķ˼
֪γʲôƽŵ۷׷׵ĵ߽ѧӣЩ߰˽ѧս½ͳһϸľͻᱻ¼á
λѧӱ¼ˣԼĿ˷ͻһ֣Ϊտ
γһҲ⣬͸¿ǰܲһֻ¿̽ͷȥԡ
ⷨ©̫ˡ
γΪмһԭͻ֪ʶʵѧӺһѧķҪѪԼĽֱһһء
תһ룬ܿѧԺģӺѧϰ̬ûġĻ˵˭ѧ˭ѧˡ
γ٣̲סһ⡣
ģѧ


143 
γųǩ˵߽ѧ֡һȥɼƽӹѧӣγԴҲûжڴ
֣ڴʰųеĳǰݸá
һˡγ䣬һŸոżͿʼ
ɻˣ
ԽЦݴȰĿԼʮĺӣ죬³Է㰮Եĺ⡱
ߡڷϣ޲ôӱǿ
γܵöˣѾĥ˺ƤȨԼûĺһ
ɡӦˡ
ݵĵؼԽ߰ٽúĹ㳡Щضμ۸߰Ҹܲ𡣹ʶҵķԶĶʯ
ӲͨͨһԺ䡣κζ˶࣬һһӣټūͣһԺ伷
ξͱãʶγ˴žܿ
ϣγòͣÿһ̬ܵöֻķԼĵڶߡ
ϣγ꣬ҺձҪʰǰˡ
ĸ磬ݺ𣿡
׵ܺСγɫһӾԺģлᣬұȥݡ
Цŵͷ
ԽȴһҲЦʹѾ֪ҪȥݣɵʱȻü΢治ᡣ
ȥ¶ҪСģǵ£ʲô
ĵߡ
γ̲סˣӲǷҪȥ򣿡
һ죬ɤӣڵȥݣСġ
γһ㶣ȫ㲻ڸʲô֮ǰ˵ҪȥݵʱϳдŲˡ
ôȻͬˣ
ȥ֮ǷĻƽؿ游ĸ
Ǻǣ
һӣôһ쾡ôȥ̳游ļҲ۲۰㣡
γ΢ЦǿԣƱػǰȥ游ĸǰТ
ʵ̫ϧˣսƵƵȥҲȥˡ
γ磬ֻ֪ԼһұĸּҺǨݡ˵ǨߣʵǸߡսҡĺеͷ޼ӣ磬ֱıɱ
ֻûϵݵӿɱڴլСĽӺùˡôضˡ
˵ᣬɶγҲմضˡŹţ··ⱲӶɡ
һõӾ֪ûȥ
ҹ
γһ㶣ĿԽһ֪ۡԼѾʮˣܲᶯִԹԵĸŶ˶᷿
ǲǾȥ̳ҵֻΪ걻ϳвƽųսҡ˶ʱûȥˣ
ѵ
γŲô˵أ
΢Цʺƨ죬ıԶǣȻǴ˵Сˡ
Ц֪ܾظѧԺʦԺաݣȴ㿼üһȴҪӹȥݣȴҪݡ
һ㴦ҪҶŸɣҪ׾ƫҪ¶ϻۡѧԺһݸáֱֵ˳ޡ
׾׾ÿֻƽƽӹӹĻţ
֮ʱ˴ʺҪάνӵĹһʱ֮Ҳƣ޷ӵΡĸΪ˼ʡã֮ʱһͬͦСţҹƷάơϹһ˫ۡ
Ĳ׾ɣ
γĿһָġ
ֱ忴ԼĸףʵΪҪ׾ײ׾겻һĸϳ𣿣

ŭһΪʲô˵̸ʧܵԭ
֪֪Ϊλݣ
ʹǷŭ޷赲γ˼άôˣǾ˵ĸϳġȻǱߵģǾͶˡ
ش游Ҫݵģ
ǡ
شڶγԤ֮Сô꣬λĸȴλ游
ŶλӸס
Ϊάֹƨ棬һ˼һСԺӣ澡
Ƹѧ飬ȴҪعƨ׾ʱն޷ȥͬڽȥģˡʱ̲տ˲ϸıԵֻʱȥ
һ΢ٺƽﻹҪĸ׺Ʒò
粻ƴѧϰ׬ȡ߶ĽѧͰˡ
ǰ˾ܶĸ׺ĸ޶á˵ʹۣȲνܱҪ
γ
ԽǺޣԽƽ
֪Ҫ˵ʲô游Ϊ˷ֹɵҪѼڶǸɴ͸ӵͶЧ
ǣܴ˷ǰ;Խͽһ˳ĻҲ⡣
γôҲ벻ףȻҪѧϰΤͶĳλͼı巢չȲλȴһСݣ˱潻
ȥʱؿԳһɹ˿صӣʵȴͷֺá
Ի˶γˡ
γݣҲʮһ˰ɡ
γľͷ
ݸйΣ
γŸףܵѡһвĻش𣬡ͦá
ͦáظһ֣Цһ޾޸޸ٳĵطҲһ֣
ֻ̣ش˼䣬ȴ·ڹ򣡡
γһ׵ʹࡣ
׳ݣѧҪûлʵ۵Ĺ䡣
ȵѧ꣬ʷѧεҪǻʵ۶ֵ˼µıʣٿȥνӣνľӣֻЦ
޷ʹࡣôҲ벻˽ӽʮҽȴ۳׶ͺطһжڶֶ˶ԣֱڻĳʶ顣
Ӧۣʱо̫ԾȻһסֱ꣬γ꣬ѧĿαؼңʶﲻԡ
طٲȻûû˻ʵۡƫƫƺ˶úܰ֡
¾Ң˴һڣʵɱΣ¸һĹĿĿǰûлʵȴ̫ƽʢ
ײһײö۷飬ա
ϵʹܰѹ壬Զһطܺãκǰ;һ־ط羵лˮ£в
ǻԥȲԸ⳹ͶΣֲԸ뿪ݡֻüνĲ׾ԱܱһҲʱسȥ
γ˳˸׵߼ţãȻĿǰˡ
γȻ;úܿЦıԶǣ족
һ˫۾ľˣȻЦ˶սϣݵԽٵδĵ̡СֻҪܹȥûûлʵۡ
෴ģѾ֤ˣûӣһܹȥ!Ҫٹ̰޶ȵĻʼˣǵӿԹøá
γȻҪԺġ罫ʧˣݸˣǾ˵ƶȲʣڴҹȻصν죬һʵۡȻǴңΡѭϷ
ȴԷüĿȻеһ˿˿־壬ǧصʷѹԼϣѹĶʶܿ˶γ۾
γȴ˿壬ƽļȥظʷѧαǿݡ
ʵ飬ΪҢ˴õģΪһһΪÿһοʵ۸ͬա
ѲүôͬյĶӣүԼʲôѽ
죡ҪӲء
ǼѵļֵġҲ˵°ˡ
¾˼Ժײอ·ջǣҵ١
ڶ峣鼮γ۵һˣÿһն˼Ŀʡ
¸Ͼɵӱص˼ÿһһ˵ͷϡһŲڹȥһվڽ紦άȣá
γΪͬĿۻãȻĶƿ˴ţһŲȽ


144 
ǳɽˡ뷭ָǰ̵ĳǽ˵
˳żָʾȥֻԶǽԼɣ಻ΡʣڲǴǰǸսݲСĴƵˡӲʯˮཽĳǽ漫Ϊ⻬
ĳǽҪĻܹȥ
ͷҪצкʵĹ߼ʵڻܹȥġ
ЦһҲʧسµľܹ𣿡
ȷʵĳǽĹ⻬û㡣ǾѵıҪȥߺͬڻʹسµıûѵĻºȥ
ǾͺãҲ׷̾ڽӽǧ˳ɽء뽫˵һ̵ıݡ
ųɽһӹĵǸվЩʱͷһһѵĵȫǾⳡս˿ô죿ʱж˻ܲܰԸǰĹǺǨرĸأ
һɽӲӶսһȻѵõᵽĿ֡ôϱûôˡ
и߸ӶţôҲֲ
ξûа취ˣΪִ٣ⳡսʧˣζѪֱ֮㡵볹
ΪֻҪһ䣬Уս޲ʤ޲˵ӡֻӸٹ̣ôκ㡽޾˼Ȼᱻ
ôܲⳡսۣ
ոյԽĺڹеԱȵȣż̶ǰɽء
һ˵ŶӹɿƸ⸴ӡͷκһڹںͷͬеԸǰɽصĸʵϰСԱǡ
ǰɡ˵
һıƽǽĹ̴ɫӣƽ¶֡
Ӻڵ׽ߣȥǵ͵ݻѵõݳޣȫΪսͨ졣
˿̣ǻδװǧբһͨĳ˨
磬Ŵ󿪣Ȼ졢ڳǰĸ຾ܡСΪλۼһе಻˷еžͷɡ
һһȺеһɧҡ
͵߬һֱ˾£ӣǷȻ֪ٸôȻ֮ôˣ֪ٸǳԴǾ˺ǵġ
ûû£ǹٱЦǺǵĶļ˺
Ϊۼڳɽص򹲼ǧˣ¿ɻľһ롣࣬ΪεС鳤ֵ¾͹˶ʮˡ
ĶԣǲǸСٶҲ̫ҪҪٺࡣսû֮ǰΪǹǣ޲ҹﶼܸɻҲ׬ǮȥӺӡ
ˡ
ȻԶĺʶ¹ߺϹأŶӣ
Źٸģųһӡһγǽںͣˡ˰С飬鳤żȥſ췹
ʱĳſڼȴ˿ҡ˾Ȼųʮ֧飬ȥӪѵ
վڳſڣž;һЦЩ嵹Ŷӣϳ޲ñ¹̽ͷȥװʳƳϵ׷ʲô
иˣַЦǺǵĿһˡ
ʵɶӣ
ûش𣬶ʱһеΣ⣡϶⣡
ЦŵͷСȫǴ˷ĻȸԾ֮˵ϳŶʳڴͿ
һ̣·սɢȥȴ޷¶κ˿ζࡣ
ǽǰɡ
ҡҡͷܾ˼顣
Ҳȥһ͡뿴ȥжʵ
еڶͽʿȴδܾ顣Ѿһ·ˣ֮˸Ըȱһ١
δ˲࣬ɢԺһҲˡһһжʳԷַǡ
δż룬˾£ڴ¶ֵ̺һڰﾹһҲͻأΪ򡢹֮ԭд¡Ĺ
ΪС鳤չԼСӵĩβÿʱ̲סط߷߲ƽۿǰͷˣһһ쵽Լķˣ쳤˲ӣһȥ
ʮˡʮšʮֵˣ
ЦǺվǰ˴֣ʶɨһͨƳ̨档
Ѿڷźÿһ뷹϶һ˶ķҰˣټͷһ͵Ŀˡ
Ϊ˷ֹϵķֶ١չأʢźõģÿ˿ѡһݡС鳤ԼַĳǱѡġ
һڲٻֶۺ֢ǻʶĽÿһݷֵƽȷԼԵĲٵһݡͨԱȳԣܹС鳤֮ǰĳ극ڱС鳤ǿ˸
ҿԾһһ·һ㣬һұͷһ㡣
գڴһķˣˡ
òڶβ޵
ַС£ȥ΢ʵȴڿҹǿеĳǮ֮ĵڶ¡ֻҪܹǮãôܹˡ
ȻεĿ佱ʵԵ֮ɫǿЦǫˡ
ƳһۣЦ˷뿪˶顣
ζ꣬վųԷȴּΧ˵С
ֻů͵⣬꣬˵ƨԼŸϣӾǷԵ뱥֮ʣһУ̾һ̹
ЦЦü뾹Լֳһ˿˿߾֮ɫ
ϰϰˡε
뵱꣬ҲǸ˷ȵĽʿżҪ绨ѩʫ̶£Ϊõũºͽ裬ֻѸٺͰǴһƬûϵϰ֮ǰװģˡ
áβÿѩĹҶҪ⸮ܲܵá
˵ţżһǷ˵ųԺǱվų̹
ηټݷʳΪͶõģιԼԸСͲˡƫƫֲڣû˽ʣֲ˷ѣֻöĴ飬ܲҸԵöûʲôĵİСӣ˳㻹ҳ
ʱûвԱʣ˵մսҺͼﻺֻӷ˲ԣôӷ̫أ
Сֵܣ̫ⷹˣҪҪ
Ļ̌ͷһΣɫ졣
üеСֵܣף岻Ļȥ򡱡
ԱߣҲ֪ԼòЦ
ǡĽظģҲҲǣҡ
οۼ롣֮꣬ΪһڰĸɸɾҪˢ˵УȥСҲ
ͺ͵óǽ
ΰԼݹȥĽ￴ν׸ɾָʹֱмİ̺ۣҲ޷ڸ˫ֵ޳
Ľʶ·ϴ˴Լ֡ӹ꣬ͼԣñֵЩʳͣꡣĽʵ̲סգ֮䣬ķû˰롣
ȵĽԱ˸ö̧ͷŷǰСüĿЦĿ
Ծܴ飬ʱȥսư͵ĴԼǸˡ
ȣִϣʹ۵ĽԼԷ֣Сǰ˲õӡƤǺ죬Ͱ͵˵
һԣԼЩսǰٻĸҪڽЦˡ
Ц⺢էȻĶ붼֪ξ֪ĽҲһЦ֮ղһ֮ԵϾôȥĹŮ鳤
ЦԹǷӦΪѸ٣ɶĽ˼ȴڻû׵׷ʲô
εдɻλСֵôûԷ֮ǰͣ극֮ˡⷹҲû


145 
󡢴ˡĽͼδкδŹٸͳһ£ܼߵͣͳһˡ
ûƺǸĽﻥͨҳŹĨǵĴĽɻͦģǲڸϹڰ
Ľɬĵͷ˵ҪڰŪꡱ
ϹھΪ˴̰θпҪʳƱػȱԵľûôˡ
ĽɻĿһۣΪɽصĹ֪ɽصĹأ͵طԵĺãٸ˵ˣҲȱǺ͹ٱʳǵǮʳ
ЦмʵĽҿθڻͦÿЩ𣿡
ĽǾԼСǰˣĵѪĹġ
ٸÿṩʳʵǹģֻͶҲòԡҪǳӳԣٶ
ÿﶼЩ˰ɣ
Ľ͵ҡͷⷹã࣬Եñûᡱ
΢Ц
ĽＤĲУǰԵĺöˡ
ָ΢΢һ
ǰ֮ǰɽ֮ǰ
ǰζŹٸӦζ֪ҪɽأʱѷŪúÿһЩӹ̸ο߼ʱ֣̰ۣβÿһӶʵ
ӹ̻̰ۣ޷̵ġ
ɫɽΪӦսѾ˴ǮֻҪ֣һֻ̰ǧ֮һ󣬱̰۵Ǿ޴ġ
˵̰󣬵̰࣬һش̰۰
㲻̰ۣΪǰװԼúãӹ̣һְְĳ̶Ȳͬˡ
̰ۻְΪʹԶڽҲԴֱΡ
һҲЦˡ
ɿſӵָĽЦǺǵʵûɽ֮ǰӹô𣿡
ǰĽ̲ס̾ӻĵʱʲôûԹƤݸǺõģҪԹأ
볤һӻĺðܿһ̰۰ְãٺòˣ
μЦʵܳˣҲǿྡˣ
Ľ˷ܵĵͷ˵ɫ̫ÿˣƲסˣʿˮͲͳ⣬ر㣡
ˣ޲ðǸɵñ
ÿϽ˲ȨģǸϽͬԵǮһ˵ĲֻҪɺʣһǲ˵ʲôġ
ôԽҲûԣܹÿղͲʹⰡ
ڣֻҪȷǴʲôʱʼɲͲġ˵ҪͲʳΪϹʱΪӭӹ̡Լеû漰̰ۡ
̾˿в̰۾ְˡΪϹͿʼ˵ģΪǵϣôӦһʼͲͲͷˡƫƫĽ˵ſʼġ
ȻҲпǼƻϲϱ仯ɽعʶͨ˲Ǿ޴ġôȥ޷ɣŸ˻ʳ
̾ˡĿҲУֻ̫С˶ѡΪʹھӪҲһһˡ
Ľⷽҳ㰡ǳ⼸ˣθ̾һֻż̽ʳ顣
Ľƫͷ΢΢Ͱ͵Сӣôϲ⣬Ը⡭
һǺٵԺⶼԣ
һ㶣ʶﲻ̫ˡ
Ƭ̣̹ȻЦЦĽĽɶԺ»һЦҲͰˡΨһ鷳ҵľܾɲܸӰ
лǲˣзδͬСЦһ䣬øҳԵġ

ĽȥʧǵġŰ˼䣬Լ֪Լ˵ʲô
ЩΣֲ֪ΰο
ϾǸ൱ĺ飬ͬˡʱ㡻˳ѡʹδ㡲ǿİ⣬֮黹еġιߵĵ¸ζ޷̤ίıס
εĺƤѵЩϧϧʧһλĽߣϧĹͻأûд̽㹻Ϣء
ˣȷ쳣һУͽɳɡ


146 
Ѿȷˡ½õĹķεϡ
δ򿪹ģҲ֪˻ǲҡ̾˿˹ġ
ְδر̰ᡱ²мĵĩβŵһϽǴ˴ְԱ
ҪδЩְԱ
Ƴʻļһֻۡ۾ֱĶΣرܡ
δ˵նȻѾˣܹҪɷõġ
һ˵ҲʮˣʹھʹЩˣôǿȱλ˭
öͷǰëսʱҪˡЩȫְս󣬼̴Щˡ
Щûӡ֪ӣƽԸΪ˳Աů㡣ǰ˺ʳʳΪǳԵĺóԵñɻڿң֤ǹõ
ʵϣ˹൱Ҳܽǧľ
ɳҲΣҲΣЩְԱ̫ǰ֡ãԼȥˡ
ˣ˲ƨɣǮֲǰĵʳࡣ취Щ˱ʹճְλ
뷳ĲУȴϧЩ˵ĹͷΪһ̡
ףû˵ǳЦɣؼȻѾˣһҪִУӹں
ߣǲʮˣͬôѲҪǣֻҪǿְ㡱
²ǲֻͨЩԭǲܱõġȻ֮ЦϾҦˬһ޵ڸЦµ壬˵ڻֻսǰսʱôô
κЦĿ롣ͷȥ֪β˵ôµ˼ε˼
׵ΣԾԼҪɵֺΡǸɻɵĺãȻῴΣԼĹλһˡ
Ȼѳɶ֣Ȼٶùְĳ̶ȸͬӷ˵Ƿнٺǽڱ׽ְһܸɻıΣ
ͬտ˵֪벻ı˸ôãְλҪ˭档
ҿȱĵײλܷӱĵط˹ʵڲɱʵϰϡ
Ӧһǡһ̾һεҲ֪жƽơ
ֻϧЩְԱڼʲô¡Ҫƽ˵ԡΨһǲǰĵĴ
Ȼ㹻ĴȫԽְһ½ΪǳԱԺãԱڸϹڡΪ
ţʶȥ¡ֻϧְһ漰ʮˣûдÿڹѿһ飬ٳ˳֡
ְ֮󣬳µԶԶδɣĺĵڶ̰Ա
ǵģһְ̰һĸӰ
ĩβע־Щ˵̰ЦȡСһߵһ߰ʮ֮ࡱ
Ҫ֪õǸнߡڼ롢ĸ߼һٺ»ԼĪʮҡʵϰҲôһʮӡ
ʱǮǺֵǮģѾ㹻ǹ൱ˡ߰ٶ̰ۣ㹻һնˡ
ӾͲ˵ˣ̰ζ̵ġ
µľҲӣ޷ƻ˹ƶȣ̰۵˿ӡ
·̵߲Ըȥµۿпӿ꣬Ȼ̲ס֡Ǿⳡְ߲Ͳ̰۸ܵİӡ
ټ̰Ծ߬סְߵİѱΪϷ嶥ţԼǸµģһЩҲһЩʱԲϣ鵽ҲϷ壬Ȼ޿֡
ζŹЩְĹΪῪһõͷ
ûз֣ľЩְ߸ɵúã˰ô˺ЩƱػ䱾ڿȺӡ
ҪǣһʶԼԳɹŪΣô;ֻͣһϡʱգ̰۸Ȩɱ˷Ż𶼻֮
ǧ֮ѨµĹٳõ̬һܻȥġ
ԣζҪɲסа
һûʶְĶԣ亹乡ԭΪһһ¼»ǱЩųѪӬ
Щԡǡսĵʱôڴ˿̲һ׮ӣʼԱ
Ҫְ֪Ĳֻʮˣ⻹ǴСС˶ȥˣ̰۵˵Ҳʮ
˵˼ͬһһʱƫô̰ۿѿץļϡ
һְܹ̰֮߰һ߹ٲԲȸʮ갡ⲻζž޴ƶ©ζƶû©ִûеλ
漰ʮ̰Ѿһش̰۰ˡ漰࣬Ź㣬永޴󡭡һжζⳡ̰۰ƿһ޴ķ籩β鴦ڲ̰۸ܡڳϽڵƶȡ¡
󼹱ëʡһֱŵ˵ĵҪԼˡҪȥϵĸ⣬ڸƤµİŧҺ
ݿʼ΢ĿڹٳʹΪٵϰüʶĿʼ
ҦˬʷԽġݡս˳ĻݡȪݶ¡Ҳ˵º͸ء
ÿʡ֮ڶѿơȫƵ֣⵽Ļģ
ôⳡһְ̰ǲɽ𻢣ǲΪɱӺסЩ̰֮ˣֺͣȰѶسµսӦȥǲζŶսһڵپҪʼˣ
벻̫ȥˣʼԼСΪԺãƽﾤҵҵӲԼõĶ
ֻսһǲǶڵϳǶԶͷˡ


147 
γ۽üҶǷģ·ƽ˼֡
սҵսһ˹ٸøϹٸԸǰɽصʵϰŵﲻȥݣǰɽأԭͼľǴ˵ս¶࣬ʹ
˭ϵĵأյ죬ûְأʮٺķٺְĽְְĽְЩһеֱӱնʾˡ
üһγֵףֱζҪЦѡ
һ󣬵Ͳճ˶ʮλӣеĴٽصˣѾٹһˣԸĻˣٶ֮ʣ¼λ
γΪУһѿƳרҵԿڣȱʱϷʱ˻Ƶĸλ
ʹǰ滹һ֣ǶγѾˡϾƣƵȵս½ɽƽȻбʽ
ɶγڼı֣ᱻ¼ʵϰСֵúãȻתڡְɽѡֱһ
ϲֳ֡ɼӹЩΪ˿ɲӹһɽõĹ棬ǰϲγ
ͬͬ֡γЦǺǵҾȻǴҲΪγԵʣ䵽˻ʵϰҲǼΪҪĲš
ȻҲЦ⡣
Яôš
ɽСһãüȫǰ칫
ѿƳԣγʶľȥ۲컷
һۿγƤһ顣ЩɲǾģܹü÷ľ˳ִģǴӸӹһ¡һŵ»Щשͷ
ľҲã־ᣬӦΪһ꣬°칫ĹֱӾ̧ܰá
֮⣬ȥԭĻݲֻҪ̫⣬ĸû˹ܡսͷöû˭йЩ
Ψһӹ̹ӺϵƬΣ˺©ʧ˹ϡ
ô˵أγȻоԼ߶˵ӡˡôôףҶã
γطʩ֮¾ɣȴֶڴ˵عĲֺܸȤ
ú°ղűָ˸ڹ˷ʶʶÿ˵϶úʵֽдӦΪ˱ԼԼˡ
ΧһȦǵĹֱ̽صĽƹ˾ũ˾ȡһȦϵλӻţƶⶽ̡
֮⣬ҽƵҽ˾ͽƵľе˾ֻйһСطҲֻΪ˾еĴ󲿶ӦӪһ
ʣµƵǶڣΨһȱľѿƺͰȫơ
ҲǣŵıܰȫȼȽϸߣ̫ڴð¡
γСĹ۲죬ȴֻŸ̾
°һҲʮˣãּϾ˷֮ɫ
һţ˶æԼ飬ȫû̧ͷǣΨС۵Լ߶дֵ
γҸƵĹʣֻӭһλ۾һ飬һСС֡
Ǯɽ˾ʶλʵϰ𣿡
ǡγóЯһݻϴ
ָ棬һϵݽǮ
Ǯߵһǰ
Ǯϸϸϴ޲⡢ŲϴȺ˶һεĻϣȷǱ˺ٴ򿪷Żĸ顣
ڶγ˳ݣʶҪȷ϶γĸǷƿ˾˾Լ˾ӡ£ѧԺıҵ֤顣
֣һѧԺ߽ѧӵ֤ԼԸ빤֪ͬ顣
֮⣬һҪ˵Ļϣѧ䡢Уɼȵȡ
ȷϺǮ²ǵĸ³ɽ˾ӡԼǩ¾˺Ͷ˵
ǩһʣǮɫ˺ܶ࣬ǵպˣǻִ뱣ܺá
Ǯݵӷֱݸ˶γִ֣һʽݣ֤Ѿϵݽ˾Ǯǩա
γ֪Ϊȷһ϶ʧ˫ƤáСĵĽԼǷݻִãŽ
⣬ȥӼǮֵ˸ʵϰŶγǰȥƱ
ԸɽʵϰڸݵѧԺѧԺġЩݵʵϰɽؽͱȽ磬ʶѾʼֹˡ
Ӧһתƹһǰȥ
ԶγΪʵϰͬδȾȪԴԴϵӿٳǻƽµ־ǰĿλ
ȵγְʱѾϦˡ
ο۽ɫ±ʣһ߻һ߼ӡɽؿʼѾнӽһˣسµĴҲˡ
ԤûдĻ˿̣سĴѹĽʿӦѾӽ봦ƽĽʿϣһͬͼݡ
֮Ժ¶ԼǮҽȥѿܹ鱨Ѽӽ굽ݣһ·ߣ·ϲϵ䡣
ѿƸոձҵĺӣǵˣǱڸأΪԴԴϵĴʽϢ
νҿ˻ᣬϸĶѿ´Ϣʮˣʿš
ƽĽߡ
Σεϸֳһ΢Ц£żɺùģȥڻЩøϽһҪ˵ĳǽˡ


148 
ƽ
פ練һ½վڳ⣬ӭӲԶǧӽƽԭеһôƾˡ
ոʮ
ˣⶼʱһˣλ˧ôҪȵʱ̺ϸͶ̥𣡡
ΧһͨЦ
׼ǵĸСƤĶƤϣ
Ҳһ׼˼Ҳˮ·
ȫǱƦӣ˵绰һʱ䣬ΧһȦ绰Щ׵緶ȥˡ
ˡһҲǱδĳ˧˵˶ӣģҪ˼˼ֹһ¡Ǵλ˧Уײá
ˣˡĿõӴȿġ
ȥֻԭŲһ֧ӡ಻Ŀͷ·գ֮䣬ͰѳĹٵˡ
˼ǣһ׻µľǰͷһȥݻһ޻
룡Ӵ󺣶ûʵ̾˸ڰ
𸻹ŵˣֻͨŵĸǡ
̾˿ﷳֲҵֻЦݣڽӭȥ
ǰͷĸϵͷƽƽϵһˡ
緶һԭλĹٴģӦþǴ˴˧ˡ
ְ緣δˡ
һ緣ºˣˡ
˵ͦԹ緣ûһѷ緵˼
άε˿Ҷ͢ɸĹսѾǹˡ
سµ걻˱ƵǱӴ꣬ƫֱбسö˰ɽԴԺڱǸ⿴أвĹٻ̫ࡣ
緿Цĳ佫̫ƺ⣬Ϊ߼佫ͷһĳ˧һ̫ࡣϣѹҪ
ղ˧ˡ
뵽緵ֳ︡һ˿⣬Ҳ֪λλķ̫ϣ˭ܸʤһ
֮ǰפƽҪͷ̫ӵĳ־̫ġ
ĸˣôһҶƣ
緵ʹϳһֱƵ㡢޿κκֻóԹϵı顣
ȻάŹƳԹأϼ̾ˡ
ϴһϸ˹ƽͿ๦ߣ˾ôվţˣ
룡
ھˡ
һڽϸһЩ֪˵ذӿĲһҲ֪ղԡ
žֻʣ·̫ϸ
ﲻ䣬֪Լ緵̫ȥ顣
̫ƿ˳ӣС̫༱ææ緡
ŵü̫һ롢ԲԲĵ갫ӣȥ̡ͬǸ֮ǰǸݵļ̫ĽȻͬ
̫һʱ˸ˣЦ𣬱µ˱µίʥּ
Ӵ󺣹ڵּȻȻ򡣹ֲƷ޼̫˧ǰ滹Ҹ˦ӣǴʵġ
̫࣬ǺΪʲôôأ
Ӵ󺣰˼⣬ȴ֪Ϊ̫ĳҪ̫ûʵ۵ĳţȻ̫ռϷ硣ҪǸ裬ĹȻѹ̫һͷ
ܲңܱһƽ˲õġ
׼Ǻ̫ʵ۲ģϱȨб䣬һһ̫úŪ̫ࡣ
ǡãƷ̫ǾһɢɳǿУùˣϸ硢ˮˡ
ܲңЦǺǵ룬ϻĳ־ѹ˷ĺһͷͷ̫˭Ǻǵġ
ǲ֪һɵģ׸ˣεĴθɣٲȻʲôмɡ
ۿʼֱ湻ҵģָһУƫƫлڡһʵۣһĹ塣
ǿ񣬡δˣ˺ͺιڳԱӭӶλ롪
̫һ緻򣬶ʱ㣬ֿЦЩ꣬Ǹˡ
żСһۣԲŲ
˵ˣ縯ľڷӣϼӳţ
ϵĲøǶǲסбһ緣һ˦ӣҲԼ
ǻس̰ɣ
ӴҲ֪ĳǶ佫ôҲϰˡ˵緻ֱӣɶҲɣͷ˼һ
󺣣ѱǰúáֱӣʹѾһٱ飬ЦݣֺǺųǰȥ硣
ԽӪûпһĻú붼֪ϯ֮ϣĳ̫࣬ټ佫һӿȴϷ
ԣɱԽʹؽԵڽ˺󣬸ԽӦؽ
ûзؽʹţֱꡣ
ڸԽΪʹȴûʹ˻ɣ
һΪԣɱԽΪԣǷؽ꣬̾ͻᱻԣĵᵶնɱΪԼСԽܡʹУԽܲأ
ԣһʹ˽ʧְؾ֮ƱػᱻԭĸܵĿɲֹԽһ
ڸ˵УԽôһ·˽ꡣӻû󵽸ϽĽǣͣ˽С
εͷ⵹ǻפڽͷߣģһήѾ˻һС
СͷԵפڽ⣬˶Ҵ۵һ˼ҡ
ԽСͷ˼죬һ·ϵ鱨ţУĸȻԶӧΪسʮһԱ
ӪĹ̼򵥵Խس»Ҫ군
ԽͣС˵׳ˣʮ˺ʮϵͯҪ
ص˼ҵеǮ޲жǰߡ
ߣʵڳ鲻жˣСҪϷ´񣬸ɴֱӲ׽񣬽Ӫ
սҼȻңԽ뿪Сͷһڴ˳µıץӪ
ȻŴһ·ƽ
Ÿʲôȥ췹
ǡԽعܵı˭졣Ӫķɲÿ춼еġϾͷүǶǳٶһ٣Եٻֻǰ뱥״̬˵ܵˡ
Ӫˣʳ䡢еȵȡеҪŶʮǰĽʿһͬǰȥݡ
ܹŵݵĶ˶ҵЩ·ˡ
ƣӪڲϵĵ¡ÿҹﶼͼܡǿԽܣӪС޲ýЩûӡ
Ӫֻһֲֳµ׷ֻܳԵС뱥⻹Ǻõģһٷֻά͵øԽ˵ҲƼݡ
ƽµƽΪӭӴʱֲŸһ׷
ԽͲҪݣʵǶˣֱӰһ׷ɤﵹ
ò׻ʹлһ󼢶УԽûжؿڵľ
ҹɫԽһĻԼӪ
ӪӪҲˣ˻ࡣһӪȥʮ飬ʮˣÿ鳤ҪҹȷԼ˶ڣֹܡһܣȫ
һӪʣռΪơ϶ˣ̬죬е̧ͷеأеĵƿǸձץġ
Ȼ·Ʒ߲߱䣬䲹ԴȻ·
ԽԹۣûҪο˵˼Ӫ࣬˵Լµʣӡͷĸ˶ˡ
硱ʣһŲԽߡ
ǵģԽȻǸ͵һӵ֡ɴԼûμȥ֮ǰǸ֡
ӻֵʱһؤǮף˽󸻴;Ǹ˼ɴ͸ԼȡԼ󸻴
˭ϵμȥ֮󣬸˸ԽԢҲӴ󸻴׿ԽȺ
ԼĶԽѵõһЩ
ʲô£
ʣԹˣף
ʣСģŲʮꡣȥȴŰӣݰͰһС
Խע⵽ˣǸ޿ģи˱˷ʤţĶ
Ǹģʣˣһ׳ʵģΪ׶񣬹ƾǹʣ˵׵ǸԽû⣬עһݵӡ
ԽһֱעӡԷȥƽƽ棬Ӫÿһ˳һģһԽ֮ע⵽Ϊ̫ԡ
ɱˣҲֹһ
Ҫ֪ӪȻӪ׼˽еԾ󲿷Ƕġġģܱץһûе˵ġ
ԽڽЦǺǵ룬¿кϷˡ
ʤţĶȫӪߵġΪϹÿշֵʳͺˣϹһָ鳤ǳԱķʤţܹõѹȵ¶ӵĶԱǡ
кüֱӾͶˡ
ԽЦЦʣͷԱ˾ȥ˯
ʣͷ
ȫӪһ飬鳤ѹˡʱ򿴼ǳ£Ը˳ְһѡ
ˣţ׳ʵ˿̣˵ϸֳЦ⡣
ʣһ㲻ţµģһǸţһ٣ƶøţͷʤϹ
Խµ˾ôڽһ
粻ǵʱţ˸ԽϵʳҲ֡ȹʣ˳ġ˭֪СӾʹ϶ǸˣƨһŸԽ
ţۿŸԽƤû̧һ̧֪Խֹ¡
ϸֳ⣬ȥֱԽܽûгԱܵøһء


149 
ԽƿƤżڴܵĶλ
ţλ׶׳ʵӴȥȭȭ⣬ʵɾֻǴĻѡ浽ɱʱ򣬸Խ¾ܹŪˡ
Χ˷׷׶㿪ظˡ˴ܲԼƫƫ񲻶ϵǻﶼϣ
Խ̵ЦЦԼûȴűܹɱһֱѹԼţ
Լƴֻű˳ͷһûѵث!
ԽֵıǶǲסЩŧǵԸҪˡ
Ȼ˱ţһȭڵˡ
ԽµȥΧ˵ɫΧ˶˸˸ЩǸǳľȻ¶һʧ֮ɫ
ţŴһĻܡָָָӺͿ꣬ʾԾ㣬ʳ
˶ҪɵˣŲĵͷǸӣ̧ͷƳţһۣź޷Ӧľš
Խµ룬¿кϷˡ
Ȼţ·оԼˡһ߬ӵ죬ɳȭͷֱӵ
ȻڳǣȭͷԶţȭͷٶȸ죬ء
顱һţ˶£ֱͦͦĵ˵ϡ
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ô𣿸Խ۾Ӿ׼ĴţķѨһУ޻ڵơ
ԽգգۣѧҽģǡѿƵģ
ﲻͣǮˣòͬѿϸڴսڼＸ˳ȥ
ķֱݽӪ˲̫࣬һ֪ٸץˣֻɢӡԲ̫һűץ
˸ԽŻӽٽƽʱץȻҲеġ
ѿԱʱΪأֻϷ嵥ϵ֮ʶġ
ȻЩʡΪϰ߶ڸԽͬŶ޷ڸǵġиɴ䡢ͨҽʶ۲ܵȵȡ
У˸ԽһѡţҪӪ˲ҲΪ˷ж
⣬ԽССӪǡϸԻĸ֡
ԽۣλѿƵĻǡ˻ѿƵֶӪƵʸߵһӪʮѿƵġ
ʲôʲôأ
ӪʵСˡһͿţѵĴӵ
ûţɤӻش
Ȼͷıү֪﷢е˵ˣӪڲ£һЩץĳǣţͳױˡ
˵ˣҪǷеүǿû˼ֱ˭˭˭ȶ֣˫Ҫһٴ򡣳˰ｻʳ״ֱƽ޹ʵҴ
үءԹķʤЦŴԲ
֪ҲôЩ¡Ҳû˰ʳָȻֻ۱ֻۣȨԼû
ˣҪˡᣬһһĵȥ
ԽЩʶƺͦߵġֱһƳĩβעŸַšʶЩʿʶ֣ȫԼעĸˡ
彫Ա룬ȷû©ģȥˡ
Խ֪Ǹӽ
ԽӪ죬ǲҪٰأѵϾӪ﷢졣
ͬʱǵʳҲ١Խ֪ΪδΣҪʡʳֲܣɴٷʳһһ׷һһɼ׵ϡࡣ
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һпºö˼ûɵĺ࣬һֺ޲ð˳µͷٽʮ˶ȥҷصιҰ

˶΢΢ͷ꣬ĺͱĥˡţڻÿеӣûǻΪ۵šȻԷΪ󽫾ʵ⸴ˡ
ƥ˳˳ĵ˳޷ֿЮġֻʾ˱ǰϣϲſ
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˶ʼżҲԸԼȥǳµҹһ˴ųУϵıֲƱع򼫺ã˭֪ȥǣ׻᲻
̾Ҷ˵ƱػᰲȫλͻȥΪǻ᲻أسŵĺöɣһŵǧصġ
ӵ΢΢ʵܲΧ˿Ŀ⣬ԥԥ·Ҫһ֡
á˵ˣȥ
𾪵Ŀ塣һʱ䣬ֻԼжûϵͷȻΪġȻ֪ݣ嵴ʶҳ
һʱ䣬·϶ӶĹ
ݵһ߹ȻһҲΪж
෴ģֻԸ̾һ䣬Ⱥ˱оȻ̰Ƶ
һҲԼҪʱܵͰ֮ǰǸǮɱ˫۵ԼձڻϿȫֵһʱ̰ġ
ľƣ˵ΨΪΣΪУģס
û֮һˡҪˣΪ˽󵱼ҵλӣΪ󱨳壬һᱻֵǿʮ˶Ρ
ôֲ˺áȻˣһܽȻȻáȲԶֵߡȫĵעʱ򣬸ϽܣҲһ·
ΨһܵĻ͵ܶĲƱֻҪһ뵽ôǮ͸оؿڿʼơ
ֳ£
һ£޲⣬ѪֻӺöҪγѪѾʮˣôùĳ!
´ǰͷΪ˷ֹǷǵߵģԶǣԶںͷ
ֱԶˣŵˣ
ûߣҲûϵҪȥҪʹܣǶԼ¡
´磬ܡܷ𣿡Զ£ҪӲͦſסϴϣսսڵǹûˡ
ġЦЦʶȤķƥԶԶ˿
һ㿿ƥͻȻһŽ˳ȥѸٷһȫ˳ȥֱɽء
ʱ䣬ȷڵķ˱ҪұһѾˡͬʱεҲˡ
ʱ䵹صʱ֮ǰ¸ոսʱڳ緵Ĵͨ
ôܸо̫԰طҲ̫ˡӴżõĿͳ˵ֱȥս־˵ֱȹΡ
̽أлظ𣿡
·ʱȳƱ̽ӡڴ֮ǰÿһΪһŴϢ
ɫġӴƵĵطɫζǰȫôϾطֵֹġ
ǰߡһ¡
ӴһҪ̽ǰ
ҡҡͷǰ̽ӱ˵صĵΡǰߣӾҲļС£ϡϡزסˣΨһܲ˵ĵطֻǼ¡
̽ѾȥС¿ˣûˡ
ˡӴһ֮̽ǰȥģط׼ŵأ
ҲԸǲ̽ǡ˶٣ﶼЩɬ̽Ѿˡ
Ӵôأһ̽˵ҲиˡһһٿӰ֮ôûأ
ҧЦǶλڣ
һ£ֱð
ݵĸһˣͷ̫༴£ԷɢΪɣͼϡ緵ıȨ⣬ܲģúسµ⡣
ҪȨȷֱôһֵָͨϵıܹҲǧˡǧһ
ıأӴڵһֻԼεĸо
ɢݸǳפءЦУһıڻҲ
Ӵ˶ɵˡ緲һֱͬģǰʱȥͳ˧ʶ֪¡
ߣŽ쾡ߣпܾΪ˷ȨЮȨءͷ̫໥Է˳ۣڽ緵ıȨϣֱͳһսߡϬ
Ӵͨ˴£ʱŭ죬ȨȨܶ
緷ҡҡͷΪֻǷȨ֮ıڻ
˵˵ЦֻΪλԼ̰ˣʲô˧ͼ
һἰ£ʱӷ죬ֱͷϳ塣
ǣܹҲʮһ붼ڻһұٿ۵ЩսģôʣµĸפصıƱػü١۳һؿֻפٱһһ򣬳ǳʧصķվͱüߡ
սգͬΪ˹һǰͷǰװ׶
ͬʱ͢ҪϵĴıȨΪ˴֮佫ϵµ߼𽫾Ȼ䵽ҪһССĸšӮ˹ûķݣ˺ڹȫġ
緼ֱĻ䣬֪Լŵʱ޲øϻ硣ûֻ׸һͬҪáһµĺֻҪ˰Ƥǡ˼ȥ緵׻ˡ
Ǿôˣ
Ӵ󺣾ԼƽҲͦġɳ͢Ҳ̫۸ˣ
ô찡ǲġսպգͳ˧ʮ·Ȩһʵ׸˭ܲһš
һ仰ӴǱһޣ˵ķŭƣѸή
ˡӴ󺣵ȰοٶζֻʡҪţֻܸЭ
緲˵ˡΣһ˦ޣߣ˸źȾȥ
ȥǺȻĿɬҲԼ֪
Ӵ̾˿˫һ׷ȥ
ǰ̽Ҳڲϵǰɫһ·ŴϹٵϵıƽسǡ
ˣǰٹؾǸسˡ̽ڵϻظ


153 
ȫǰ緻䣬߶ʱıը
Ⱥܼ֮ڵЧɱ˰뾶˵ڵͶĵطȫˣڱӪڱҪ̫У׼ֻ˶﷢ڵɡ
ԭڹٵϡٵǧнһڳǰвһңʱ˻ƥһ̤ҳ̶Զ֮ļ̤
һʱ䣬ڵըɽĵƬɱ˲̤ƥˤȳ࡭ǧٹ֡ʮöڵɵɱȻ״ݻ֧ӡ
ǰһң󷽱ôԴУǰ߿˴ԭȴеͼܡһʱ˼ˣ˲ˣ̤¼һ֧ĶѸٻ
Ӵ󺣱ڻһ£ŻսľѸѹ֧Ѿ׻ң־޴ڻġ´Ѿҵ˸ע⣬ע⵽Ҳָܻԭ͡
ڵܼңıΪֻɢмıͼǲ˵ģΨһķӾܡ
ôôһȱ©
һʱ䣬ӴĿѣȥ
̫ˡ
ıΪ˶ڵѾƴĳըĻҫۻѪɽѪͬһѻڵϡ
ΪӣֻҪһȽ˻ʯĦ֮¾ͻ᳹׵㱬ġϡϡ￴ûʵͳͳַָĵס
һӶʱըĿȫǣƬɽϵոŽѪͷĽںıϡ
Щ඼±û˲ҵսҵ˻ǵĺڱŷİ֮󣬱ƬУȻء
ɱ֪հܾѶΨһܹذֵܾİ취ɱǰĵˣմҶҪ
Ҫӣҵ·ϾҲֻǰ塣
ʮټϼŵĽŸԵױԼЩһִоıʮֱֱĳǼ¡
ڻǴµģڿ¶⣬ڻڷڵһ֮
˫ĿֱĶĿãԽƽµʱȻܹƬɫ½ǡ
о¾Ȼȳˣ
Ϣû̫ҪģΨһ緿۵ģֻй¾Ϣ
֪¾ԽǺεȵպգн̶ֹ֮ȼֱ̾Ϊֹ
˵Խ˼ҾȻĸԸȥһֱΪ̫̽šˡ
Ϊ²ܹڸǵ˲ࡣ಻¾ԸԼ緵һ֧¾ƱǸӡ
ܹͨڡַ׵¾ҲǾ㡺ξҲýЩá
Ǹӣֻ¶Էǻű֮ģҪ֮ʱ
һǰ壬һͼϵķơ
Ȼոմڽʿǰ棬Ϳ¾ǾȻ±¶˰ͷ
ʶ;òã󱳶ʱëʡգ֮䣬һܹܻ勵ֱͦͦĶǡ
ⲻǻ北緲֪ǵʲô北Ȼʶĺ壡
Ȼĸǵˣǵ
ƥһٱ۵˳ƴƥ̤ľмʮˡһһʱ䰧˷
緹ڵϣǳŴӵǰ塣
ߣӴڵҩڻк˻ߣʮױһͼ뿪
֪һԼһ¾ˡĵǣôˣ¾ȴŻѹƣδһһ
ؽҧһĳ׼һ¾칭ʸֱֱķȥ
飡
һʶԵͼܣȻҩȻұۡ
Ӵ󺣼ͷǺһƬ̵ĺˮ˿ڣ۵
ڵϣͼ緱ڱϣʮĻµͷ壬Ҫ
ֻϧˡ¾Ƿպݷǹѡֵɱ
һʱ䣬·ɽҰǴźµĽʿ
ڻıȫ緵ĵϵӣǾս۵ĺ½ʿıս־߽⡣
˵ˣǶû׵׷ʲôأͿͬһһĵ¡û֧ţٺµ˶
һʼͬѸŧ֧ӡһ£ܵٶȸˡʵϣڻɱ˲˶ˣ֧һ˵ľڲֻ̤šڱɽ
緱²ʱ޷Լôأ
緣ûҩˡҽʵϰһӪʾͿʼ
طǳɽص˱Ӫһѹڴ˵ءӪʼһӪжʮŴ齡˸ʽ˱
緱ΪԼսϣˣ־Լӽ̿ƫƫóԺúȵĴ˱Ӫ;õ뻳ᣬͶⶼʮˣҲû˴
ô˵أ緵гԻ
ŸʲôҩʵϰҽľΪĵ緡
ԱԴһѩ÷ֳ˳ʮһСӡ
ľ죬ʹҽαǿȷ²ǶԼ˵壬ɰľƲ˵ڵŷ²Ҳûɫ
λ²սϲ㿳ľˡ
лλӡ緵ǿ԰ľΪľȥǸСͯӣΪѩ÷Сͯ
ľˣֲӰ칤ֻһۣһĸ緻ҩ˱Ͷȷѡ
֪Һʱܹȥ̽
ѩ÷һ߸˱ҩһ˵ˣǰرһұеϻöƬ㻹Ҫ˱Ӫһ²ȥ
練˴ʲô
һиһ˵¾˽ƳһۣǷ²˵㣬ҩѡҽҪġ
˽ĵĿһۣе²ԾԡΪԼ˺ԺܹˣǷǮ߲߰㣡
ֻһ졣÷ȻһͨСˣ
ģҽһ
˽Ŀ緣ֵýϵǮô࣬϶ܻϣ
緣
ô֪ǮȻѸʶڰʡΪһһˣƱػʿȥʬͼǮ⵹ġ緾Ȼѵ˿طôи˵ġ
Ȼ緾ͷԼˡ
ѩ÷һ߸˰һ˵˺֮ȥ²ӪĹٱһ֤ӣ֤ٸѾǮȶ㣬ǵպá
ѩ÷һҽ֮Զ緵Ǯ˸ȤΪʵ̫ˡ
ķ²ϸôǮԲ˵Ǯˡ󲿷ֻһ·²˵Ǯһ
Ʊ˵ѵ·ʱǸʿˡ
ǴѸȷ緾Ǵ˴θ֮սͷ⻹ֻ򰡣
ϢѸٴӪأ˶֪Ǯľѩ÷ָսӪصʵϰҽ֪ˡ
緿ЦЩƱ¸ġĻ¸ҲҪ˾Т
Ǵٳڹٳ죬Ǯɽͷɣ
緲аͷһһͷ緺ݺģ㽫ǮȥТϷ塢øԼҸɽأͱ²ˡ
ڵãǮҲûˡһܱܲסأ
ȵȡһ٣Żڸ˱ҩѩ÷˵ղ˵Ǯｻң
ػԼˡѵҲ
ûﲻշ²Ǯ˽أ²Ľѩ÷Ļͷʱϻϣһѵķ²̰Ǯ
Ц˴ͨôͲˣ
˽ЦˣͶ࣬Ϸ²ļͭ塱󲿷ͭ嶼ûС
޿ļֱһ⡣
ҪǱˣֱӾͻᱻӪ˽̧ͦͷξǺѵģҪǱϳȥˣҷݺûƾ͸ˡ
вûѡǾھӪҪеѡ˭뵱أ
˽ͲˣŸڲϺüֵܶЦǣ֪¾ƽﻹһһأ
ãȻһ˲֪¾ûϵȻнֹˡټõĻʳ߰˿Цòԩ
˽ڲ̽ͷһҪڹԹϵı飬緣ǶĴ󽫾𣿡
ֻΪһСȥǻƽȮ۰
²òͷΣ緵ͷһ
ȰĲ𣿡
˽һֱӰ緸ˡ
ţѸٵ㱬Χ˵顣
ҾãȰ׼У
еģǴǽʲôʶʶ˵ϻģ
㣬ʲôȥǰȰֻҪŴȥ϶Ը
׼а
иƨǰҶƴ˭йߴߴᣡ
һʱ䣬ѸһԱ·Ѫޱȵս
緻ܣʵǶǰٷϵĽ𣿡
˽һ㶣ǣС鳤ԻĿ⣬͵С鳤Լһʮ
ҵǣǸոȥģϾҪСӳˣҲǶİٷˡ
ҾͲˣҲ¡ԴٺЦ
ţһġҲǡҲǡװŪˡ
ŷطһŴλȥһʮˣʮûκιְ
ݿһǴůĺʱȻúһ⡣
һȺûκιְսֻܹڻҵСǣеս޲Ϊսֳһ
ϵ¾ӮﻰⶼûԼˣҲʵİ·˱ǵٸ
緺󱳿ʼˣһӿ
ЩˣѾǴˡ
µǣǾȻҪ֪󲿷˶ûܹܽײҶֲһܹ˵ѾѵõˡƴϴֵıӪҵһˡ
˵ǻõĶǴſĹٻҲ˵Щ˶顢ٻ
ΪʲôҪ¾ľӪĸԸ¾
緵ϳԻͲ⣬һид︡ȻãǼС°ˣȻźͳɽָˣֿ˴Խ
طһ硣
𣿡
һ㶣̧ͷӪſڣиЦվſں
緡վԷЦŵģȴֵһιַ·ţëϸ룬޲ðϵÿһϸϸġ
緱ĻκԼˣ򲻹Էֻñš
ãվſڵĳ̾㱻һȻܻţ󡱡
緱⻰˵ãΪұԭˣҲò˿һֱǳ裡
ɱ𲻷ЦĳڲȻܰ㿳ˡɼ㹦ãнء
ǿϣǿڼϡЩĲλҽһֱ̽ġЩսϵļƽ￴ʲô浽ƾͷʱ򣬼ֱҪ̫á
ˣû취ֻһһ澯Լ²òͷ
߰ɣ⽫һǰ棬緸ںͷ
һӪʣŷֳ¾ȻˡֻµݽһӪʿڵֵʿ˼һ緵ĹģǩΣǳ¡
ֵʿ塢һͬǩԼȷѾ´ߡ
ѾľˣִڵСආд֣طʶжߡ
ĿתƬӪءֻһۣ֪ӪһӪ̵֡
Ӫ̼һȥӪ飬ͷ֪ԼҲ֪ԷõһӪӪԣȻƺָΡ
ողŴ̽Ϣط˱ӪÿӪſڻվֵڵĽʿ
׼һָڵࡣΪʲô˱ӪҪֵڵģͷ˱𣿻ר˷²ģ
µ˹ģתͷͿƮӣЦ⽫ʲôʵľʡ
⻰˵̫̹̹緸ŤǷ²ƺһҲǾӲȥ뻳᣿
Ȼд˻ᣬ緵ȻҪʸʹ졣
һ·ϣһ۲һ淢ʡԽԽȣԽԽֻš
Ϊһ·˵ȻܣѲߵСӴУȻǡȥȻҲ˳ѵ·ߡ
´練йҽפ
ʲôķƺܣѲֵСӸ࣬ҿȥҪ
˳ָֿȥЦŶǾе˾
е˾ΪʲôеĻھӪҲˣΪʲô̹ľ͸ڡ
ڵ掠Դء
緻һ
··Լ緵˰̣ЦǺǵΪǵĻΣ
ڴùµĻѾˣ
ޱ̵磡
ЦܹԼˣȻ硱
һ٣̵Ļ˵ȥˡ벻ûлֻǻõڻе֮ǰȱըըԼ
ˣ֮ǰƴɱʱ¾ĸֵһײЩͱˡֱδսȰܣһĵķŭѹѹס
ɣ⽫´վǰǰֵصʿ鿴顣
һ֪ͷѾܹ˵ˡ


154 
һȥסˣӪʸɾҲһ˼ªĵز
Цϲݻ꣬һӵ˧¾ôܲӮ
˧ΪʲôǸСӣѵ˧˧ʰ
ȵȣλĪ̽Խƽ£
θ±ʣ̧ͷſһֱڷĵСӡ
һżܽ棬üĿЦƽͣͶŤ̬֮˿ȥֹࡣ
һҲЩߴӵСӣ˵Ŀƽͣ˵ΪţȫеǸӢʮӡ
εǵһμ緣Ͼ緱ɳݵһʹѿ˵Ļ
ΪѿƸ֣˱Ӫĸ緣ƭˡ
⽫վ緵˱׵İϡ
˳ָҲһ½ӹӣһ䡰лȻһƨԱߡ
˶ɵˡΪε뻳ᡣԼΪҪôѲƽʿˣ
練ֻбĹǺȥķݶѵܱ˾أһʱѰֻⱭֵúܡ
˵һ䡰ˡֲ֪γƺλƽ£ֻóĬ
Ц⽫μɣ߳ƺΪƽ¡
緵ͷ˵ˡֵһ׳꺺ӣһСţԷָоʵڲ̫á
ҪǳԱţͿҪҪЮƽ´ȥˡ
⽫ΪȰ
һѲˮȥҲֱ̫˰ɣ
⻰˵ֱ̫̹̫ף˵ʲôأǣ֪ǡŶõġ
ãֻôӱһš֡
β緵ĳĬԡѿƵĵʾ緱˾ͲǸ˸Ҫ˵Ҳڱ˲ͷϻҲдаɽͷˡ
ʽҪ£к
ѾľˡûȰҲ֪¾Ȱ̾Ȼģ
緱˰Ҳ֪Լʲô
ɣ֪ʲôô˵˵Խ߿Ը
緵ͷѶ֧ҲҪͶѳ͢һһֲ⡣
ȣǵ⽫ͳʹ˾ӵľ飬ҪС鳤Ļδ̫˷˲šԻӴӳҲԼһǧҵı
üͷһ壬ôһ㣬ƺû̫ĳ⡣תһ룬һҪһͰһҲ⡣
緵ͷʾԼ֪ˡ
μ˵ӳнٺһһң֮⣬ԽĿǰ۱ȽϵͣʮӾ͹úܺˡ԰Ǹн
˵ЦеĿۣȻ˸нôҳ˵ǰͷ̰ܻһ鵽ֱӰɷ
緶˶壬΢еסˡһ뵽ԼҪȥ¸ӣƤЩ졣
Ҳû취ˡټϹԱֵнٺҲֻԼһˣʽ
ƫƫСɫƶȡ۳ɱ㡣ƨɶӲøм屶ļǮ㣡
Ҳ˵ԭһµֶʮʯף۳ɱԺȥܹʯ׾Ͳˡʱ򱦳۳ɺȵȷԱ⻹ǺõأʱٺԶԼϣ͢ǷԱнٺǳе¡
̰Ļ涼⡣
һʯףʵʱɫƤһ󳱺죬Լھǰ
ĿǰԽ׼һӰʯףǷļλκ緵ġӹסҪڳԱĻϲܹʹΪǮʱҲ֤ܹԱ
ǻ꣬Ϊƽ׼ۣٸϵУϵסЦЦǻϽҵ˾Ḻ顱
ģ֮˵ұ֤˶ԱҾٰ
練ĿǰŮ֪Ϊʲô˱ӪûκιְͨʿȫȫΪԽǣĵϣ¾ܹһͳ£ܹõ
Ǯ֮⣬ɻʲôʵģ
ҡҡͷʵͲ֪ʲô֮ǰҪΪְ͢ءʵ̫ˣ緹ֲ˼ġ
ʽ𣿡
ûֱӻظʵҲͬ⣬ô
ҡҡͷô뽫ܷģֻǰķ²̴
˰£˷²Ĵ̡ƵˣղͬƵȼȥˡˡȡ˱ӪǰսĹְߵͻ֡
ʼǸֺӪְ¾УһǷ²
κ˿ڽžȥ²ӪԳҽҩѡһнٺֻͨյһ룬ڶͨճƽûж⸣ֱŻʽԽ׽²ĳƺš
Ϊ֪ķ²ԣ緷Ӿˡ
ͬɣǺˣ޶ڽ꣬һѱ䣬ųնͬɣҲûʲôʧꡣ֮ô죿ھھӪһֻ̣뿪˾ӪҪȥ
Ҿ˲Ϣ䣬֮һ͢ĵ̨¾ִˣŵĲͶΪʲô
緰βʶԼɽ̶̰£ȻѾ¾ִµǱˣǱʶó͢ᵹ̨
緿Цͳ͢⸱̰ܻҳ㷹ӣŹְ!
뵽緵ļ򶼿ȥˡ
⽫кιǣ˵
Σ緵ɤӷ·ɬˣĸ޶Ծڽ꣬ʱֻ¡
ĴƷ佫˻סڽ꣬ҲǻʵΪ˽佫һְ취
֮أʵʵΪ⽫£ԸͶԽ
ҧҧȭʩ񣬡ܹҸĸ޶Խ緱ΪͿءѣ
ǵҲءЦǺǵ㲻ҵ˽ְؼɡ
ãȻĵͷѲ֧ӲεģǾλ׵ˣ
β֪ʲôֻЦȻˣǱһΪ
¡λһһֱԱ߳䵱˵ĳ¡
һ񣬡֮ڣлظ
һһ㶵ģʶûܳ¡
ǳ£ѿƸСĻӦþ㸸ĸ޶Խ
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ǰʮѿĳԱǳصŸʽΣԼߵ񡣺ʮԴΣеĶͨѿԱְ𣬲Σյ񣬸ṩ鱨Ϣ
ʵϣʮ֮䲢ûеȼϵĻֻ֣Ϊ˸õıǺ֡ǰʮͬԽǰζȨԽߣܹʹѿԽǿ
ϸѹɤӣֱʵʹ壬˴ε񵽵ʲô
ʴˡԽȻЦʾϸһֱĬ
俪ڵ
нһǱɢӪʱϷֻ˵ʱԻϵǣûϵ˼Ȼôߡ
˶֪Ҧˬˮǳ£˺ľݡ֡û˼ϸԣ˵רŸµģǵ֮ϷڱԼ²
Ҳ˵Ϸµͳ˧ˡ
ϸ쵽ʲôӣȻһꣿ
ȻˣʹкηԸ
˷ʵϸһۣڵϢǶ˵𣿡
ϸͷӪ;ӪΪϢسǾ¾ݣѳɹ³ǡ
ЩƵƵͷ̫˭ξӡ緵ճǰ̫ѹι㼤ߣԼҪ練ɢ˱İǣ̫Сûˡ
ľһֱţһͶֱΧ¿
Ϊ˼ӹ̳ǽϵĴ߱£õ˴ӽɻɽʿԼǰ·ãã˭йǡӪѲɹ
Ѳ߱ôãҲץסʣֻ˼
ЩҥĻֹ̻̣ܣཫʿҹӳ˾Ӫ
ܹӳӪҲӲǳءЦһξУɱ˵еġ
бץӱһʾڣͷľ۾ͶھӪſڡǱӵıʹȻðΣܣԼˡ
ϸɻʵҪɢҥԣӪֱӹЮƳǽ𣿡
ҡҡͷӪӪ
ⲻܣһֱû˵ʣ¼еն˵ǶӪճܹӴǾеʳľӪʿǲ޽ӴǲӪĻҡ
ɤּϸָ׹ĥɰϣ˻ܣ޷˵ңһʹҵķȨ
ѿʱԾΣһϷڳƽг֮˷ϷҪӶԭж
ںڰĺ¶ʮͻȻЦЦ
һҲĳͻȻҵ˾תͶѿƵĸԽΪ⡪ԭϻʵµ̽ǳץ̽жͶѿơ
Ϊһа̽ˣѿƵķչ׳һݹڣѿƻһ̲дġоݷȻһֹο֮飬ѿƺ˰
Ŀڣǵȷ޷ӪҥԲһ
̵ЦЦҥǳ˽ŵģܷɽÿ˵
Ĭһ˵ɢҥԣӪʿǵķŭӪ
ſڵľԭΪˣȴԼˡϳǶǲסӳܣҪЯΪأ
ĽʿǶǸֵܣﱣ׼ԼסԽ廰͵ֻҪ˵Χһ³ˡʱֻ·ܡԭصȴͶսס
ܵĻӲץǸ֡ԭصȴĻһʳľҲǸ֡ս׵Ļ͵ø󽫾ϣսȫԼۣͬ׼ԼԶף˭µ֣Ψһʣµ·Ͷ
ϸٶ𣺡Ҳҥԣ
ѵǷʵ֮ĺƶ
ԽЦ̫׵ҥûŵģֺҲͰˡֻȥоݵķŻ˳׾
һƱػ˼ͶһҥԣŶǷʵԽЦЦɱôӱҪ翹Ͷġֻɱͷ̫ܹΪ󽫾ͶͶ״
ΪĿ˸ԽһۣٶЩЩ꿴佫緵飬ͼӴ֮£Ӫ֪¼
ϸѸٻˣʲô˭󽫾Ͷ˵Ļ⹦;ͱˡ
֮⣬ҥԵĶȾҪѡ겻ȺϸЦЦϵɤˡ磬Щѳɾ۵ӱǻ߱ܵıǡ
ͷܣЩڸȥȫǺӰϲ飬һҥԵľݡʽԼѡȵȡ
רų﷿Ӫһߵζ˵


159 
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ûа±ʣΪɻĿһۣܾý㡹ֵֹġ
غھ̩פʱ̩칫
Ѿҹˣһݹģչ֫˸
永ϵҲ˽չģֻ̧Ҹ㰴һ
ζʱЦһߣһ٩֮Ҷ˽ˣûнٺҪݰĦչ
㡺һ·֮ʱԭͣдһԵʿҡ
㡶ʱһͨȵͺͷʿдĻӳ㡱
δЦüɫ裬˵ǱԵʿǸ׬˲Ǯأ׼ҽʷӡ
εֻҪ߱ͺͷʿ㣬дٶСϾǱǻӣǽб֪ˣι߳ܡ
ǼǼͬǰ¡ĺǧҪ֪Ϊ׬ǮдˬĻӡ
̫߳ܣܵĴҲֱ
֪ͺáƳһۣſȥ
һ㶣ϰ𣿡
ҴǰոչǣֻҪϼɡҲǶûˣ
һ˵㡿ʵüĿæúܣɽ£һ鶼ûյ
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˵ҪĦΪܣǳ磡ⷢӰ
Դתķɿ졣ȻҪⷢӣӦҪضϻ⣬зӵء
̫æˣԲ𡱡
һ죬ﱻֻûؿͷԵΡ
Ǵʵӵ˵ı˭죡
ɤӣƹ⣬Ķյ𣿡
յˣյˡͷ鶼ࡣ
ʵҺϲ
һɽزɫڡԼǾһɫĻȽϡ棬οŽڼ˹
͹ʱ򣬻ѾɿˣɴڼﻭһɫڵСһƣһ졣
ΪɽϡȱƵɫȻëպī֭дˡơ֡ΪЦ
Ц֮βŷ֣Сıдһ䡪·ԶԴ˼˼
βòϣϡŮľȻѵõЩж
ֻϧЩϡŮģͱصĹѹˡ
ǰ޼᲻ݵģŷģͬɽΡ룬Ϊڷ絲ꡣ
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һɻһСһ仰Ǳ˴֮Ψһһ顣飬͹ĵʱ˳ӹġ
һ뵽ЩüĿࡣ
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ûйҲˣñСƵıŵ˴ϡ
ãһûأ
ʲôʲô˰
Ρװɵ㶡õļεؼǵãΪնɱ̷˫ֻڿѣǰ͸߹ٸˡ
ǣⶼȥôˣôǵأ
ոֳԼôϲ㡵ˣ֮ܰΪʲôͻȻϴأ̫飬̲
Ҫ㡳̫죬ζֱ֫ʧݰ
˵ֻҪ㡱˯һᱻʵɾͺ˭أ
ҪǣֻҪ㡾ݵ̫ˣһ˾һ㣬Ĳ
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һ׶εĹһ䣬£ԽһգڼϢҪֲиİҹ
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ˮּ¶˾ĽշҪγԳԿͷɡ
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㡵ûº֣Ľαָϱӡ
Σ̾˿޺޵ǵùôôһħϣ


160 
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ЦЦ˱ˮⶨιս飬֮⻹йص·⡱
˿ˮĳ佫һãⳡҲʢˡ
㡶ʱЦֻҪܹһֱӮȥͻԽԽͶǡ緾Ͷߵİ
βû־ü۵̾˿ջ֪ѿƽڵݽһд뱾ͻ¼Ĺġ
㡺⣬˫ǰȻͬܵĽҪصĹƶҲͬ
롢ܹ֮ӦΪǸʱһڣһͬɳö֮ҲϰˡڴĹλߡ
緵ȴͬԵһѾ͵壬ȻԼ֮롣ҡ
˵üĿ両һ٩֮⣬Ĺôֲ׼ȨѹˣȻϰߡ
ûİһֽ̧ۣ豭ԹԵĴˡ
ҲգüĿ˶һʵƽǷҪСΪ£
Ƴһۣ˵˴ϵĳԴҩ˰ɣôôáԸ£εȻԸ⡣
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ǵЦֹҲֹסְ̧ϵӣƽӡȻζͷӡһǡ
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ھͿʼ̽ĥϵķʽ׼Ϊδ顣Ǳ޿ɱˡ
ֻͷʹѣϵĺ鵴Ȼ޴ˡ


161 
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ȭͷ߬޲ôܡ
һͨУ緹Ͻȡֱ澡ʧ
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ҪǣѿƵĶĿΪƭʹˣ֪Է˻¾ԭ첻һأ
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˵꣬ƿӪʳȥˣͽãȻ̸ԭء
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ص룬ȻҲκһɱɣ
һ𣬿˭⡣ûǸ˼챻Ƶˡ
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167 
մ벩㻶ġЦ磬ҪСкȥ֮
˰죬ȻԼȥֻ֮ҡҡͷ벻ˣġ
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μ㡵Ц⣬ǳȻˣǾݱ޷ܳһˡ
ԭǴ§ӵ¶ݱܳ˴áû˵ĻܳҲΪǳȥ˾ݱ
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ԭƻǵܾ˺ֱȡ塢䰲˳ءھݱܳºϲˡҲ˵ҪôǵǣҪôȥ塱
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176 
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177 
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ʹֻ֪Ϊ˱ӣʶͷһ䡣
Σʶͷ­
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ɲŽ
ʶ͵ĴϢ֮޾Թ˱ȨϾɱ
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˵˺ﲻݹڹȷӰ쵽;аĿ٣һòª֮ˣ۾Ծӵĵȼı˵һЩ
ҦˬŲ֮أһϣ֮֮õܣʮʶĸĻţʶء
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ҦˬϢûд˿̣֮ڴ䰲нٴ·ϡ


185 
˿̣Ѿ뿪˲壬ǭţ׼ȥ
֮ǰ಻Ĺٵ̽·ǡˮ𣿡
ռ˻ҼӼɣ߻ҼҲС
ˮ·˵
ֻСӵĶӳСӹƾˣɳͻ˵Ѻ֮ġ
ԭһ֧ʮˣΪڲأֻóһڲ壬ٽ֮αװһ֧Ҫȥٴ㱨ͨСӣӱһ·ٴȥ
κ֮ǸܹôƥһֱСУ֮˼۲ٵ
ٵ˼ˮ·㹻Уˮ·ƽĻ··֮硣
Ҳ˵ĹٵȻˮ··еġ
ʱж̣绹δɣʱ޷ֻҪ֮꣬طֻ·羰á
̲֮סпһ䣬˵ˮ󣬿ⶨǵǸ󡱣Ȼڳˮ̹ٵ
ôģ
ĸӷ˼ǳϱЩ֮ɫ
֮Ǹ˾ȻϻЦǺǵĸ̸
Ȼˮ·ΪλҪࣿ
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ӵܻ䡱֮ЦҲǵĻܣ
񵭵ˮ䷽ȻǱܵģõ䷽Ҳûá
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͵ͼˮҪԭϹӦͬʱҪĹԼûִԼά
⻰˵̫ģ֮һ졣
ҪǣǵĻʵ۾õˮ࣬ҲֻǸԼĹ·ˡ
֮΢΢ʱࡣ
һ飬Ѹ֮⣬ֵ˵Цˡ
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ѾˡǣȻʶֵģʣεҲдԼ֡
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·һʱٵϾ̶ܿǰˡ
ٵ࣬͸ϡϡеܹõ̵ĺ磬ɢżũˡİƬũ
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186 
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͵ľӶǺģÿѧԺ˲ٸԹÿеѧӣӶѧԺչ
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Ҳ֮鲻Խĸп޹ֺ¾˲żüð


187 
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֮һЦûãһڼϳԱ㣬˵ֱ
˵ûоʽĸ·˿ûи֮Ļᡣڶ죬֮ڲѪģҩ֮Ƥĥƣ۵޷֣ҪͬһС
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ӣˣֿЦǺǵ˵
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ͣƥֽ̧⿪ϰŵĻᡣ
Ϊ˲֮ڼ;дˤֱӰԼһ
֮Ǳ˲ģսսǿ棬ֱͦ·΢Ȧȡ
ţȥģ
֮ȥŴĺÿǡ
ٴ湻İ
֮ĸпǷĵġطûսҵĺۼšٵſڻдŶǡ
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Ŷ𣿡
֮죬һ·ϼʶ¾ȻѵòЩһŶӣĸ⡣
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ǵĹǡһҪԲŶӣǡ
һŴߣ֮һ̲סϸ۲졣Ļűʶͼ֪ϢҲ֪˵طΣ
ֻһ֮ջ˸ӵĿ⡣Ҳ֪ԼǸ̾Ǹð̾
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֪ŮӣɼҲͨԡܷˡݡ
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Щǲ˵ڵģ֮Ǹˣʶʱڱ˵ĵϣű˵ĹأԼĿ
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ҲͦģǼǽͬĽġ˵̺Ÿٳ徭Ϊ̲ĶôŮ䡷ǳ׵ɣ̶Ȿ顣
Ů͡ĶŮ䡷һ˾ٱҪͭģⷣͭǮһᱻ͸ٱߡ
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188 
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ȥʹˣȥġ
ͷʾ֮ϡ
֮û̽ͷ̽ԣ۽ɨɨȥǸ٣һü۵ζ
⸮õҲ󣬾ĸùơһãͷȫڰϰ칫Ա
˴ýӣֱ֮á
֮ڣκռĹġһȥ̵ˣ֮ˡ
±ʣЦˡ
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֮һΡ㡣ĺܡ˽֪ܵĹҵȴ֪˾òԽˡվǰһˣ
λ׹֮ǰ֮Ķ
λ֮ˣЦеĴк
ĳţ֮֮ʾء

ҵ֮Ļţ˸ٵͷһˡҲǿԵģֻܵǫǫ顣
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189 
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˵˲ɣ˲á־ѧѾӦˣ䳰ã԰ǵʿ䣬ѣľ֣ܳ
ָܳȨ϶µģʶ˵ļҷԶ·ηָȨ¶ϵģû˻ʿνıȨҲֻһЦˡ
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ĿӢĸֵЦɱ֮
ӢʶȻ
ʲô
ӢĴŴ޲ýҧ飬ĿɭĶ֮
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ҹܽ޷ʶԲƱϼӹ̡ܽ
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195 
δ˴δ֮УԭΪ˽һ¶һ˳װУֱٴ
֮οӱ޸յٴſڡ
Խλͷλȥý˴йģȻȥӪ
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196 
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⸮˼Ϊٴһڸ⣬εҲڴ˵ع
సЩͷҲ̧İ칫˽Ϊæµ
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197 
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198 
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200 
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ҪôǰԭƻΧˮկ˳롣Ҫô͵ùˮկ˽ǣΧڳǡ
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ܽǹռ̫㣬ΧףҵĽͻǣΧڳǡ
ҪôˮկҪôʶģɽ롱˵ҸΪǴɽȽ׵
ΪˮկĿ̫ˡΪΨһûгǽĵ·ˮկǣطƱرأ
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Ҳ˵ζ˶٣ֻҪܹԽǣɽԽɽֱ֮Ӿܵڳǳš
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210 
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211 
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217 
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һ㶣̾ƣ


219 
ҹ˾ѾǶˡ˯졢ΪƣʱǧҹϮ
뷨ܺãȻʵսŷ֣ҹϮѶԶеĸߡ
Ϊ˱סβɢҾѾ˺ܴľˡ
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ȻǽµפӪأξȻǺҹɫ
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ĵգСƻĸʡУһ¾֮֡


220 
ƽ̩Ԥϵȷûյʱ˫սһա
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Ǳ׼ĴǣټϾҹͣǽ⣬ڳǽԼĪֻһԶǽΪһͽṹ

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228 һ
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