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1.  Լ   ȴ֪һǽ֮䥱ܡ

죬ȼգ䶼ǹ̵⡣
˭˭Ⱦҡ

Ѿͷƶ䥣جΣûˡ

˫ȭؿڣҧÿ졣

Щż

͵Ƥϻźؿھãؿܡ
Ķ

£뱧ż򰲸һʲôΣųԼĶǲˡ

ץµţڷƺľѲһأŶ
ѵð취ᣬĸϴһͬɽķƣҹվӦ̫˯ˡ

ҹʲôΣ䥻λԴҼǲˣ;ûۣȵòС

æȥһ飬û˲ŷģЦذ̫Ӳ˶˯ˣ߶߶ͺá

ɫȻԸˣŮȵ밲һͬȥ

𣬴ʱֻһź򣬿ʱ䲻磬ֻܴҴҸ˫٣ϸ鷢ٻϰٵȹ
һؼЩڷ£Ҳˡ

ôݰףü鶯򵥵Ĵ磬гʮɡ

ǳԽˡǶۣ۵

Ҳգֻ㣬ǿ߰ɣĸҪġ

˻ֵҶҪˣҵˡ

-

ʱֵٴḷ̌ɽҰ翪ţʯ·ϻдˮ

Ͷ˸յ強ſڣͷһˬʵЦ
ѽҵĹࡣԺ˿ôã

ⲮׯأܽģΨļϵıռҶ塣

Ȼ𣬡ŮνĸģԺˣһڼﷳĸףɱҸϳȥ

ſֵأҪͨæסٵȻɡ
ĸŮЦأ˲ôš

Цһ󣬻˻ЦЦȻ˷ǰɵúúһԵǿŰԵ˵ǵΰݹģв˿أҲ⼸ա

ĸ׿ɱ˵ˣ˵ġ΢죬ͷתӣûأ˵ʲô

ϵʲô˵ģ°뱲ӵĸôСûδˣ㣬ҲҪǰ࿴һźá

ĸף˵ޱߵĺĲҡŶ˶¾Ҫˣ⻰ôͬ˵ȥһСء
Цһ٣Ѽɫӣ̾һ

Ļ£ĸģɲ๡ϵЦŽ鷢𵽶󣬡ֻŹ꣬Ҹ÷ңиǰ̣ҾʲôҲˡ

˻ָץڣǻŻȡ

򴽣ҪͨͷϺȻʣˣôûŴ

شӵĻûˣȥվˡ

һӴ⣬µǹڿ죬ź˶ûôĵġ

죡һӣ溬ŭ㵱ʲôط˵˵

æҾ˰ûһֻźȲ趺Ůûй

ͨ죬̧ȾҪ壬æˡ

˲֪ãۿż強Ӱӣɿŷ֡

ЩȭŹ򣬷ŲǱ˻ô۸㣬۸ƴ𣿡

⻰˵Щ䥱תصزִЩˡЩ˲ͼһʱ죬۵ǵ˷档

Ժ˵ǻ΢΢˿ֵܿ
ӷŵĻǰͬμҵĻԼ棬ûΪأٹþҪǣôźð

ˣЩ̻ΣҪ

䥵ĸʮǰʣȥǰΪһ׮£Էϴ󽫾֮Ӷʱ

ȥ磬֪Լȥ󲻹꣬󽫾βȥگңүʱ֮ĸ˾ӺУٲ¡

μҴӴǣʱñ򰸷ʱʮ壬ִһ˿ʼѪʥصΪ

һϦ֮䣬ǧΪ֮ӣˣûǷ߶ҲôӴµµһֻƽ

ɶʱȴѡһ·׼ʱݵ껹ֻټĳϲΪɵ·ֺʥģٹٵͳ˾ʱһλͳ˾ָʹ

ͳ˾Żʵ۳ţΪ죬ʵų켺̼ೣϲ˾˻³ᣬ֮ǰĶҪӡ

Щ겻ûеˣ䥵ĸףⲮҲӦžϹӡЩһⶼвȺʵ˳ŶʱӴֻ˱ᡣ

ܲԣ͢˱ܻ䣬ȴʱĴ˵
͵ϳ͢ƷԱֶݿңͳ˾گˣûȫģ˶˵ɲ˼䣬Ҫ֣ҽɽġ

ôȥˣȫǣμҴδ׮£ռҲû˵Ҫ˻Ļһ£䥵ĵһӦȻãȻ

ǰ˵ʱãҲŶбܼɴӲ̸ż·ˣҲͬһתߣôЩˣʱı۾û

ϾҪ޸ʱ

㶼䣬Ƕμҡμҿȥð

䥱˳ӣڷӦİɣģһעͬġ

⻰ڰЩģתǴӻڣҲڱô۸˵Ҫǵӡ

˵䥵ͷģᣬֻλӣҲֻλӣ⻰ȥҪ¶ˡ

Щգ䥣ֻ첻˵

ΣЦһ˫ģЩû£֪˴ãⲻɹǵ߰ɡ

Ҳ̧°ͣǰǵģǹǵģȥЩˡ

-

ɽ΢㣬ҰྐྵţзأˣУֻؿɽˮľҲ֡

ûãɫһƬᰣȴδ򵽱Ǽϡ
߳Щ룬ûɡֻժƬҶǿڵ

תۼ䣬ԽԽ󣬷ǻҸطܱɡ

䥵ͷɿԶмӣǴȥ

ߵ²ŷ֣Ҳһд͵ݣұռסĴһЩϺۣȻǸշ¹

ǰվ¶̴򣬺Ǿӡ

Ϊ£йų˵ӦȳⲮЩ

ţ߳һһʽ£ĸߴˣ䥶һ㶣ЦŴ
λôˣŶģ졢죬߶밡߶̿ţůͣɱˡ

кǴ˼ҵͣǽϿӵġ

˵ɮɽţѲ飬Ӧûзͽ֮࣬Ц﷢ţЩתС

ԣԾɳΪƵЦݡ

ǰͷλС磬ǳⲮļҾ죬֪˴˭ɷ±һꣿ

ˡ¡֣ȴֻҡ

Ŀζźۼ͵һ䥣˵ҲɣҾǡ

¥񡣡
΢ɳƣ˵ӦǸӡ

䥵ʱһݣϣҲûŮһҵĵǰǺˣͷǸҲʲôö

ͷƽ¶ģŷܡ 
һǽ˾ͺ֪뷨Ƶģͣ¹̲ܽϣֻ֡ǽסһһ߽ǷУҪ꣬ǡ

ΣתֻصߣҲ

˳ӣСͷô󣬸ҲûпɹĵطҪܻȥҪ

˿ˣյģͷǼƮҲЩҡڲ

ãֳˣһߣһ̧ŰһԲ´һɹ֮

ԷܵҶݵˣ䥵ӣ˸񣬵лŷˡ

棬ϹӲˮһȱ䲻ȥҲòԷĴ֮

̲ס磬ֻŰ꣬ԼӶʪˣ䥵ͷӰӡɣְ˸̿¯

࣬ͣŻȥֻʣ䥶ˡ

æſ·ȴ֪һǽ֮䥱֮δ򣬶ʱ





2.  δ   ؼȥɩɩ


ӣǿֻһ̿裬չãôأ¥üë˵չ꣬ãԶܹѵãҲ֪ա

һӣϥϻƤ̺ʱȴɫ԰ףһ˿Ѫɫ

ٴ˵էůҲû䵽ֵز

̿һȥȻɢȥʱȭͷ죬ֵ͵͵ؿ˼

뷢ȳͷˣֻܽɾԼϣʱɫȻ̺죬һۣ֮ࡣ

¥յĻʵںܶࡣ

Լ̣¥̾ѣȫΪͷĹͣͬɡ

¥ɴعҿɶΪ롣ǰҹ£ʮˣɲΪŽҪֻԶԶؼһۣ治ֵ

ʱ̧ۿ䥣мŸ磬ָһţͷͷʱȴܽ䥿

СͬŮ֪˵ʲôȤ£һ˫ǵɵԲߵ֡

ΪأЩҪ˵֮Ҳ⴫һָڰ׺ë䣬ૣͺܺá

¥̧ۿ˿Լֻŷ˲֪Լܷˡ

ÿμռҹӵƢͻãЩЩҲ

ֻϧ칫ûͣˣʱָֻǸָʹˡ

-

ת۱㵽δᣬδģϵ

δɸ죬ΪδʵǸŮ࿴ĳϣǻʼҵĹͻҲ룬ۺҲδһ飬Ӵٳꡣ

ϻ˻꣬䥱һֱȲֹײˣһֱ˯جβϣһ˯ŵʱ򵹱Ŷࡣ

񲻼ãϴҪλϣͷΪƣǵ㡣仹ţȴòδᡣ

լפۡ˵ıˡ

ͬڵϵϮĳⲮӧң޼
ֽȨλϹԪϣõ۳裬ʮ˵ĸȻ壬ȻһûгɫСֻҪϹڣǰλͷһλ

Ϊⳡδᣬ㽫Ժޣˮ϶ש
ˮѣУϻͤѾͷʫÿмѴʼѾ䣬һ󻶺

·ŮЦǸˮΪ磬ͷпͣŮһͷֻͬע£ҪԽͺá

⸮סʮųȴǴİ
ŮȻʮ߹ʮŹﶼˣʮһҲʮˣӵȻȥ

ڹٳ࣬ںլҲǾþɳŮһѽһռҵĲӹʮСȴʮһ
Ůʵ̫࣬ҲԹδˡ

ϺǺЦţϸıĻ£קѾߵΨԽԽľ

԰ӷ޺ã϶İΪԼȴʶ

ͷˡʶֱ¶ͷȴֹ˴ùЩֹ

תͷ˵Ů飬ָɸõġ

˵ߵķ̫ᣬÿγϯᶼô˵Ҳϰˣɽտһ£لeӣܾù졣

Ůߵͷ󸾹Ůǻ

ͻȻûԻעӣһȻ㲻ɱطһãͷչ¶ò

ͷ԰壬СһҲΥͣͬʮƵ϶˼ֽȻ棬һϲ
ϸϸϵ׺ʮŽ飬ҲһŽ壬ԵŮмֻжӵģһʱ޲ý

󷽷һԸߵҲͬһ񣬱ȥĿĹתһһ
ռʲô츣أĹһһΡ

ͷţֻԼҪվ˯ţûעͶϵĿ⡣

񻣬ǳ׻ȹƮƮҷأϲɫն׺Уѩü촽죬ֻͤͤǶһ羰

йߵһߣڽ͵һۣȴ˲ס

䥣㣬Լüλ϶ҿڴˡ
˰ŽֱۣҪϡ

䥱һؿڵ˴кðɣҲպûãȥһֵɰ¡˵ϲݶû룬Ҳӳ󡣡

ô˵þȻûüһ˵ĸ㿴˵ĶԲԣ⻵Ѿͷ֪ǰװԣ˽¿̭ˡ

ſӢҵˣ΢죬һ񣬡䥼ˡ

ϻԵɺ֮£ȹһˣ˱˽飬⽻䵽Сϣ˹˶ͬմӵ֮ͬ꣬Լͬһͬ֡
ȥˣմӱ壬Զ䥶շ䥵˼Ůѧ顣

䥶һʮֹͷţ򲻻˷ݡ

ЦôȺͣõĶͷ䥶˵ʲôԣͲסڣ㶼ٴˡ

ȻŶͷԹƫġ

䥵ϸϸ²ЩҲˣѾͷҪһ浾ҲصĻˡ˵ֵԼŮһۡ

һð֣һôᣬȤЦһ˫ҽҫۼ֡

ϧĸȥ磬ǿ˿˫Фϵ۾һ̾ˣˡҼǵС꣬Ҳ켰˰ɣӿף

ᵽϣҲЩ˸Уæûü

ûü켰ǵŮ£ĴСŮĴύ
бˡ

ӡüһĲֶͬ˼ϧ

תת飬ĸ׼ϵĸף㿴СãҲȢˣ죬ؼȥɩɩɣ

䥵Ŀɲֻ˼ˡ

ϴ壬Ҫͬһ׽飬û˵䣬Щòأʼ䥵ע⡣

ѽǺøСŮѩɰҲͰˣŮҲ־˵ҶǮӣҲλԲϲ䥵ĸ

ҹǽ䥣֪˼ң

֧֧˵徫׼ãŵ˸ѩɰͣҲһ첻

ǮüûлҲ˵ôû࿴˵˰ɣ

ĸ׻ش䥵Ļ£˽ﻹ˵죬ɵô˵棬ѹ˵ֻܺ˵࿴

Ǯ˰ףǸġ̻²СڣֱʵͷϣûлԼԼ֪




3.  ξ   £ҵˡ


Ҳʵһ㶣ʶȥϵɫ

𰸵ȷ˵ʵǿﲻʱǸ
óóȻ˵ûУԵռ˵УԵʸ

ϱۣҧҧҡҡͷ

ѰһʻŪ˸ӣбè壬ԭе˼ĵȻȥһûΪ¶

ֺһ䥵Ļ˻
ô£㸸׻ûȥͬμҵ˵ǿͷϵļЦˣôôûû˵壿

ͬ»ԼʱҲڳǼ֤֮һ
ֻû뵽ʱˣԼû

䥾ⳡˣһжѾڳһ顣
Լ˵ĸ֮ý֮ԡȫȨɸĸ䥲ҡ

ʲôҵģŭ壬¶ŪԺ鷳֪ѲɡѲ㻹Ҫ޸

˵ǰ䥶ȥúúͬ㸸˵˵ŮӻΪأɾԼ

ȴٲҪȢ˼ҡ

-

ϯ׼ˣ˴Ц⣬λŮȥϯ

չϯŮ߶޽ˮխˮ˱˵ˣӵδɣŮǲɶЩڴŶϯҲ˼Ȥ

䥲ԭҸһ˴ţɹ˵ʲôҲҪͬһ

˴ģٹҲˣ漸Ҷ㣬Ҳɣ

Ҫȥ¡ҲҪ֣Ŀڶ԰ѲĿʱϲؽһС쿴ǸǸ·ľ硣

԰ǸҹӣҪô¿ƽʿǶڲҡȣһû壬ĸ·Ĳǹ˼ɹ

¡µĹվţԾؿճһƬмվһӰ

ͦüĿԶԶȥмַǣֻ˼嵶ǻ׵δʣⳡȴԵɷʮ㡣

к棬ʳ˿ڣǸ˭Ĵúģŵ˭ҸǴģ

˵ţĿͻȻֱֱһ״ƺ飬ϲ֪絶档
òòʵˡ

䥺Ʊһ£Լʧ񣬲ͷܿʵ˭

ÿ鸴ԡ

󼸸Ůľشʱʲôѵ࿴ģ

˵ܲٲܲٵ

Ҳ֪θ룬δ򣬿ϲ

󼸸ŮСۡ

ŵӦҪִйүѽ˿ǻѰʱǵѫڴ˴ҵô

һЦ㵱صģϻ¬ϰʮ磬⸰εӶϻ٣ãһץһ¬°ʮˣһگ

ôˣگҲŵ£һ˾

Ų£ɱ¡ֺѪگˮǺģصأɱ޼ɣ޾޸桭

üµתͷȥ˵ۼƵģ

ǹŮ㣬ȴߣŲӵʩ̣˭˲֪

ЦҲֻ֪֪ı¬ˡ

㣡ۿ죬ۣͬһһԣɶŹŮӣ˿ʮܵؽ̸

䥱ǳֱ죬̲ס͵͵ֳͷһۡ

ʱüĿ续Ҳмȣһֱ䥣תͷ˿ھơ

ͬĿ⣬һҲһڡ

űһԭѾ࣬˭֪¶ǣͷֿʼκԽԽأǰɫ룬иһ

óԣæȥϡ

ĸףҡҵȻȥˡ

ϱ׵ɫһӣҲһѽ飬ŴȥҼ᷿ס£Ъһ˵

ơǡ䥾Ҫߡ

ǰŤȴǿվãֱ⣬ڹ
ĸףʵܣóܶһˣһȥɡ

Χ˶࣬˼ֻ֣üӦˡûȥȴ˽סֻĿ뿪

ǰ䥲֪ʲôʹƲסֳһۡ

ʱ֪Ϊšüֻŵͷƣû

ɲõȷǺãüҲÿ

-

ǰߡ

ͲиǷ㣬Щͷεúܡ

䵭һ̣ЩصЩ

ʯС߹հƣ߶ǸߴĻľڵסȫߡ
䥱εΣ⵽ȥ·ôûڣ

Ƕǰź򣬴ˣȥҪͷϻӴӺ͹ġ

Դͬһз·𶼸һ㣬һɹϤ
һ飬⵽ȥĵ·

ȻȥţŮĳܶǶš

ԣδȴĪƶխС·ǰߣոӦһƬȲ͸㻨ľͷбʫĺͤ

ʱ䣬һѻǰˮȣͻ飬纣һ𡭡

黹ҪЩ߰ɣҪˡ

˦֣˺󼸲ʲôҲˣҪȥϯϣҪĸס

ܣͻȻǰץסҪնĹͷ
Թͬ߰ɡ

ִ򣬷ţָץ˴

һٺƼŭ鷢˺ݾ¾ס䥣ǿǰߡ

ǰ·Ԩһ䥲֪ӺδһɼԱߵĻľײȥŴҲһͬˤ˳ȥ

ûԤеʹסһĻ

ֻüɫһǣ˹ȥ

-

ң仹мպۣʱĿٿʱ񺮵ǹ˱˪

ƻ¶龹Ҳ˸òָצʱ

ͻȻʯӴ򵽴ϣۡۡ죬һʱѪͣá

˭ģ

ʱ䡣

һۣ˵һ·׷ѰˣЩʱ䡭

ƤӲһЦ˵ʲôȻǳⲮģҼҴ²׵ɡ

ʱüȴ΢΢૲ͣͷȥںȡ
æɿЩɴϥ䣬˴ᱧ

ӷ壬˴ͷˡ

ǡ
֪Ӻδðһˣȣǯסļֱѹùȥ

-

ȣȡ
ɿʵĺܣ֮䶼ðŻǡ

ˮˮ

ûӦãۣΧһƬ𺣣ﻹʲô

ˣǰˣǱԼǰġ

ȡȡ䥼ѵˤڵϡ
שޣΨлҿãӶˣذϻдһ˿⡣
˰ȡˡ

ĴľȼյžԶкɱͻȻʶˡ
ɵÿЦЦǺȡ

Ӹʺָʾڹּ֮⣬ͳ˾ָʹʱĻԼ
Լĸ϶£˹ţμǣټ϶֮˾֪ʵ۱һӣ׼ϳԼ´ͻʥּ䥶

˭֪£Сӡ֮ƵĶӣ󾹱ȶɲ޴ǰĥˡ

ûŹ¾ûˣԼмգԽǽܻزԮȴռŤͻضӸ
ȻҲǰ

Ѿͬһ𳤴ͬãΪ䥼޵ɾӴ˿ྡȴƣת˲ˡ

ƵĻںͷ

˳ʵƶʣӳԺڣΪʮܳ裬˸˺컨

ӵ֪£÷һѡ

Ӵĥ䥵ֶһˣĥĻҲԽԽࡣѾ빬ңڼǷ֮ǰŰѻҪ

ˣʲôûˡ
˫ۡ

䥣
ӿȼŵľͷӲٳһ·еӰϤİ

Ƕʱ
ĻȨɱȨϲŭɫҪɲ̼޴룬ֻһʪ񱼹ְΨһڱϡ

£ҵˡ

-

һҾ֣ʱ˻رԼҹ³֮ٷûһֱڴԺ

вȰӣºͣǲΪͬġȥŰգδ֪顣

˵Ķԡϵͷһ̤Ժ




4.  ϻ   䥿Цãһʱ֪Ρ

˵ϴɫĳֻժ˷һߡ
ϰ˼̽ʵջҪϳأô·ˮŪѾͲˡ

Ų룬˼صͷһ۹ٷЦˣҲ˶ãഩһҲǺõġ

ⲮϮǰͷճ˲ֵڹٳҲǰ;ƽƽӪʮҲǸƷ˾䡣

˵;˳ȴиŭȣԵ̵ٺͰȺ۵̬ȡ
ͽЦʱмΣҲ⸱Ƥܸ࣬߼˼ңȴǵռҡ

ȻЦҲ⣬ĵûɵز˲̼˺γԣǳгʲôôǡ

ҲҲ²룬̾ǰЩӣ¬ҸΪﲻТլȫҶͳ˾ʱһţǼ˿ڼ򵥣ҲڳּңԼˣû뵽ҲֵǴͷˡ

Լˡĸֵϣ磺ˣǡ

ִ̧㲻ǲδͬһļ֣֮ܳΨ㣬ϸҪƫ治֪㵽ҪͶıء

ʴ͢һֱûͣԼΪɣһԶΪףΪʺΪ곤˵Ӧ
һΪӦĻӣĻĲ书׿Ҫ︣˲¡˻ʳɻĶӻһֱûϢ

δᣬԭǸŮ࿴ĵطӳϯΪҪҲʫʵʵеģҪȢĴԡ

һ棬СӡԸҹŮЩ˼ɻûɢ˵ӾλˮĹ

ŮвͶԶģ˵Ϣⲻֶϵĺ꾫˭ɵһʲôǳⲮߵһѾͷд顣

˾ţʱֻ֪˵壬ϵĳһͺĽ˼٣һѾõõġ

ƣûйϣֻ˵һ˸̾Ĵȱ¶мƽϣռ׼ʱıҪŮ϶ӵĴ齣Դ衣
Ҳ˻ɣռؾͶĻӣһŮ¶ӵӡ

Լҳ£ⲻˣҴҷ˴ʹظĿֶ˲ˡ

ΪϢҪһʱղŻᴫȥû뵽ϻûصңʹĶ

Լҹһʱѵ粻ϱŵ÷ɵùϥеűߣˣûаˣ

ȴյ벻ҿ˼ô꣬ȴȢޣʵڡ

⻰ͷһҪˡ
ϳ۽ǣ⡢ⶼǴǼ˵ĴҲɣ죡

ƹô꣬ΪһһŮЩҲɪ벻ΪһѾͷıֵⷬء
ӽԣѾ˵һᣬļɫݣŶӵ̬ȣҲû˵ʲôΪһ׮С£ȴǵʢŭ

뵱꣬ΪռӲǽĵճȥ壬ԴԼһңżݡ

ζؿϣֱֵ̱ʮʮĿ־壬ſڣ
ˣƹ࣬©⣬ǴǸѾͷı·ȴһˡ

ϣϿ޵ͻȻתڷ磬һʱЩӦ

֣ΪһʱŭͷִˣԺظ飬Ҫӡ

м־£ȴֲòᣬͷ˷ģһ²װס

-

Ѿͳȥˣ˵ֻһҵˣֶЩſϴӦѾΪŷ٣ϵϷ

Ӧһͭͬãбô

϶˶٣ѹǰմ˴ӣ˵ѳЩ˵ĶȻͽˡ

һ㶣ת

˵ָɣҪǰȴ֪ôģԼˮȥˡ

˼һϾ׽ãʲôҲһ

ǡҪ㰡

ˣƾ޾ݵģ²˵䥵

֧ʹö飬ȴܲݵ˶ӣ
ûξѾһأҲһΪҪΪڱݡ

ɾ룬Ů£˵ĲԼ棬ռҵ棬ȫҵΪۣһǿǵòʧˡ

ֱʣҲֻ˵Ǳ˷ӡ

ξ֮ΪǸӣɿи֮ˣںͷͬ˸׺ͻʺָʾڹ֮ʵ۴ͻ顣
ֻǾûһ⣬ҪȢԼ֮ǧָ׵ķΪҪػأ

οһŮ䳤ЩĸţûΪⲮҲֻ˾ũְӾΪҪ¡

˼棬ҡҡͷ߰ɣҪˡ

-

ǲݳݺɵʱڣرߵĻϳ̲

ϻǮϱͷȴҲϲгСҲռȥӡ

ùռģ벻Ҳܴģ˲òࡣ

ˡҲЦñǣڷƣΨнɫķУβ˼Ȼ£
Ϊж㣬մ˼ɫխȹûκװΣرϣЩѽĹŮǻЩ

û˵仰һӰ

䥵֣˰Ǯ۹ˣѾͷ˼úܡ

˵գǮӸ䥾ܡ

ЩҶڿء

ûͷһ򳡱ߵ£ŮǸмĻ

ǰϣһñ裬ڵ֪װˡ

ǳŶģǡһĲͷǿ֬һϳǰӮ

ƲƲ죬Ҫ䥼ǰߣȴߵ˽Ųһ͡

ӣ

Ҳǵ˲֪ӾӣҲ֪ҪǱ򡣡

һϲ£ȷ֮µˡ
Ϊʲôһתز

˼üСѵҲǳŶӲģ

û䥴𻰣ֵҸǺãƷòϳˣֻ֮йǰ;ԶأػӲ

ⶼʲôʲô䥿Цãһʱ֪ηֱ硣

ú̧к磬

Ǳ߼λ˵һ½ڵĿǣǹ߶ѾõĹ˼ɣ

ͬεؿֹ״ãԴûΣҲʲôϡ

ͷµǲϣ֪ӡˣǳⲮռҵĹ䥣ǰǼҶġ

̩Ȼͬ񣬹ȻҲһ˺һΪõʧǸ޻

ÿ֮ҲޣЩżתۿǣһʱ
磬ҿ岻ͬСһϳӮɣ

һ㶣㲻˵ҪԼϳô

ѽҼ̫ˣⳡŮӡȻⲻպãҸӣŮӣһϳá

䥴ǰټУԶЩʵʵĻҲ⣬˻ϳϣͬϼΣӢµˣȻʲôӶԺ

úãȴҪһš

ҪϳôͷҲˣдд裿

˽ۣΣһ˫Ŀ壬Ƕ֣١




5.  ϻ   Ϊ֮ģŮ顭

ӢǻʺãýеȻǹá
ͬ񣬶Ӱڰ֣ʾֵλļҵĹŮǰƲ

˵Ҳϻᣬ䥱Ԥϵǻһ档
ֻе

סԼ֣ŬеĿ־壬ǰһⲮ䥣¡

䥣֪֡ղһɺãˮƵ˾Ҳۡ

ݹأȴݹְָƣ˼öһۣЩɡ

ӵ㣬ȴöƱ
л¹ػΪǼҸ֣ûʲô۲۵ġ

¾ңŮзӵͷת⣬ˣҪôãͬһ飬ͬչһ飬˭ܵʤ㽫Ů죬Σ

ܲΡÿҪȴס

ҪΪβͬһ𣿡ԶԶһɫӰϲļֻҡҡ׹
ǹ˼ҵǧΣӻʵıá

η˷٣΢΢ĿҲЩˮɫζԸͬһ飬Ϊ¶ġ
˵Żһۣϳ϶ӵĺȡ

һҪ˳¿㵽һԿ֣ɶȴϷŹ

ζҪ֣Ѿ̶ˣͬӣչﲻûϳˣĲͬҪ󵽣ҲϳһӰɡ

αѵһͨˮɫƳԹؿŶӣת۵ʱǰٰԹ

ˮ֮һֱڼֱͻ飬Ҳ֪ǻʺĲѡֻǺ֪ģ˶Ӹֻһˡ

һǾԸģȻԸֻǶһ˵ǱҪϳġ
üĿĵȺɨһȦһϤӰ

¶̴򣬵û䵶վȺҲɶһּȡ

ʱ䥶²صǣŮӡ

üҲһȦȺ

ʩһ󷽵ߵʱǰָʹ֪ͬһӣ

£ⱻȻظһȦյأ߶ڶϣмѹס䵽

ͳ˾ôָʹҲˣ

ټҵģ

˭󵨣Զǰ



ʱδţؿǰĹ

ǰֻԶԶշǰ½ˣ˵ҲʵڷĲ£Ҳĵط
ȴߵǰ

þò𻰣Щ˳ָššȥٿȴǸ
ιӣôأ

˶ʱһۣ뺬ڴЩ׽Թ

á

һ٣˼˾

߼Ӧ䥵ԼҲ˵ʲôĬεĸ档ŮԭҲһȴȲͬ׽ֻԼֵһͬϳϣڶǰ¶

죬ԺڳߣֻȲ

ιӣл

֮ͣҳݡʱһ󣬽ȴ˸
ʮûЩ⣬裬Ӧ䥲Χˣûʲôͷ˼

ҧ˵գлȡ

ʱһԭΪԸ£δϣлǵͷ޷֮Ͱˡ

δǾ֮ͣΧҲǾ֮ͣǡ𳡾ҲǾ֮ô
ûɵգ˶ʱһۣ볡С

ʱЩĪľѾ볡УҲһս֡

Ѹ磬ȷ׷ɣƮľڿżȻڵϣѸٱ״ǡ

мŮϾӲԼϳһץһץȣҪֳչλ壬ææңֻ³ս֪˭ڵϣݣ̤һ

ǶЩ⣬һ򲻺£飬ȴ֪Ҳͻص缤ǰжơ

֮˶Ŀ⣬˱ߺû㰧̾ÿÿǶӻģҪЩ

һΪޣۿȼ룬òЩżľһ·ŶȥͷһƺƵ׷ǰ

ǰҪӸˣȴʱһãľ˳Ʒɵǰ

ʱʺ

ͣ
ε֪ΪΣͻȻ𣬰ڿһ˻䥴񱼣ȥϵľ򣬲δһĻ

ʱβԣǰֻüȹסȴһʧ֡

ǷΣϻһȣƲɵس䥳ȥ಻ʮм谭

˽ģǮӸ۱ȥٲȥ

ݡ
ͻȻӼ۶һԾ䵽ÿ·÷˹ȥƶ䥣ԭ̤˼ҪӺ䥳

ߺŵʦڷӦ׷׺ǰòײסν

һ粨оյؽˡ

£Ŷϱǣ¿ܾ

ӽͬݸˣϹЦºͣγԣ³⣬Ҳʵҡ

һж£ӵЦŵͷתͷһ񣬡չ³ðˡ

ʱֹжȣڵǸʱʮֵĳϿңһ̾ѣԵĹŮֻ´ʱҪĴ󶯣ˡ

þȫǿѹסͷŭ𣬳һƤܿһҾŮлȣ٣ʵǲΪӡ֮

Ӳ֪ʲôᣬŲҪ䥽ǵҪԶԾͶϲźá
ⶼЩʲôֶΣҪˮҪݷǵҪվȡ

ֻ̲סһء

Ȼ⻰Ҳ˼䡰ӡĴȱҲ˳׷ӵķԡ

ӵЦƾܣЩˣλᡣ

Ψ䥿Ƥһ˿⡣

ۣʦзԣΪӡǾ˶֪¡
֮ԽʢΪڸģǳɻȴϥӣ˽ͬǰġӡ֮ϵ˵Ƿ٣ֲ꣬Ϊ

ÿÿ˵£Ӿͻᱻŭ֮Ҫ䥱޴һԭֵġ
ȴе⻰ˡ

䥽Ŷӣɹ𴽽ǣ⸱ģΪ֮ģŮ˼ڲס

ӣӸ˿ԦޣҲǡ
˽Χڶߣˣ¥Ȼ

šʱḧͷһ˰̣ʱԶԿɼ̹ǵ˺ۡ

ԶŮЦ̣ĿγԼľˣ̬ǫѷ
ʱһתȥ

-

⣬ϻȻûȥˡڶվʵ۸ҵƣδ׷ҲûнֹʢеĻϻᣬùһ

±ϾЩһλĻӣۿžҪģݳԽԽãȴû˸ٰˡ

һͲסӣȤȥ¥ϯ

ֻɵʤ˭֪¡÷޷޲ƽΪûõܡ

䥾úЦڸ͵ǰǿϧҿҲͦá

ǳ̾һ˼ؿźѡ

Сӣþˣãؿôˣ

С治֪Ǽٲ֪

䥲⣬֪ʲô

ջϻᣬӾ°üһɻ󣬺ɸ֣˵㰡㶼켰ˣܲܶԼϵġ

˻Լ꣬ȥͼˣɲһνô

һʱ֪˵ʲô׷ʵˣʲô£

ѽھдţˣʵǶ⣬ˣ




6.  Ӣ   չĻʣػúܡ


ʧִ룬ûȼڵˮ֦ڵϣɫ֭ȹǡ

㲻Ҳƽ޲էȻϢЩҲ⡣ҲûϵķӦ󣬱ԥŸòðʣµǾ仰Ҳ˵

Ȼд˵Ƕϧ֮ģȻҲд˵ռұĿģδŮ̽Ӳ֮⣬ڻϳ϶£ҪԼҵĵճŮȥӡ

Դ廨ţΨһȷģڣû˻ˡ

һʱĬ

¥ȹͣҲӭƽͬڶ¥ż䣬¥°۵

ݣ֮ӹΰȴֻ˸ﶼξͷ治ù

֮ǿ游İˣҲû汾¡

˵նˣǸǺεȵӢ˰֪֮ͬȣ

УǱ߾ܱȵġ˶˵Ļ˫ȫ֪ӡҲȱ¡



Ļʲǰ˻Σ
Сʲôأ

߾ѪɱȴûһעĿѹõͣ
ܵƽΨƸߣ߾ƾս赲Ź⣬þаյԹ̫ƽӡ

ӢսۣŮҲϰѧ
ȴ¼ѵξ˼ҴӡӶڳְҲֻ꣬а

У䥵ĻҲ̾Ϣʱˣ԰ǰμѺ󣬱һٸģر߾Ľʿֻܸˡ

Σֵ˵⣬㵽ôģԼȻôǶӲ⣬㡭㵱Ҫô

䥴Ŀ׽Ӱ£ʲô˵ġ

Ҹ󣬿纣ӿûôù̬Ȳõȼˣ˵ĸΪʺҪɵȥ֪ҪôĥءСɱԺ

Щֻм׽˲ſ˵һůõ
˵Ƕӣװʮ仰а˾ľͲˣƤ²֪ʲô֣ҲƤмֿͷ˵λҲ̧檣ǵ˵ˣſɿȢ

Խ˵Խ񻰣һ¹õֱۣǽжЩ˽Ҳ˵õģ

ЩЩҲ˵ô˵ã򴽣ѹСȥã㡭

ɿסɣҵĹ˴С㡣䥵˵ĶͷӵĻй˲ģ๵ģ

ЦһɿЩ֪ûҪ˼˿ȥ·Щ·ײϴ̫ѧɢεĹ

ɹҲû˵ʲôֻѰ񣬽קһˡ

磬ô֪ҲҪҪͬǹˡ

̾˿УչＴǣչϳҾҪ·ؼˣã

ƣʶȤ߶Ҳû˹ܣ

˼ҵ˭ҲϵģչҲ˭ҵԸϵġ

üʲô˼

мӣǰԶñһӡĵԺҲͬЩԵĲùܵ£ǰҲ˵ˡ

ʹˣЩҥ԰ˣڻʼҡôãĸҲʮϲģ㻹ʲô⡣ɫ޷ޡ

Ҫм׹ίֻý˵øЩ

ĸ֮ý֮ԣչﱾģ²ôҪûҪʾ꣬
¹֮δⲮǺҰ֮ˣƱҪͶһǲ˵ǰ·ҶΪ˼Ϊᣬף

þҹŮֻ䥡
ռҿ׾͹òŹ˼ҵշƽȴҪΪռҺľһӡ

Ļʣ

չĻʣػúܺáⱩӣ˵ǡ

ȻƣצҪ֣ȴҲԴ˲䥻µͷ

-

ת۱ӢϿˣڷ¥㽫Ӹ䥣˵Լĸýص

ȫⲮʽӣͬϺһͬ硣

Ͽʮǹϡĸ٣ɷ򡢶ӾۣķűҲһټӣھ

ѫ˼Ҷ٣ﶼЩĳϣռŻͣӦעĿϾǰǰʱۿ䥵ˣȿϿĶöࡣ

٣Ͽ䥹ȥúӣĸúơ

ӯӯһݣǰ˵Щ˳ļ黰
Ͽֹжȣ̾һСѾͷǼʱôھ绨ģŮʮ˱䡣

ҲЦɲأǼѧģɱŮ浾ˡ

ռҵĵŮȴڹ˼ҵŮѧг󣬱ۿϵɫԽԽ̣имƽϡ
Ҳģ䥺ͶǰֻûһƲ£˼ȴҪԼһʲôһ

ȴôࡣĸţֳ壬ΨһĳҲ˹䥿ǹ¿
ǻй˼ҺϰһͱռҵСԺˡ

ˣ˼ҽ֪ȴдҷ緶ء
ڳ˭֪õĵУ⻰˵˼ϵЦֶ˼֡

оɽ飬˵Ц̣ϲЩΡ
ҲǾĴѾã۹ȴֻ䥣вƽ˿Ҳǽϵ˿в

̫࣬˼ֻüҴҽϱˣʽɵĹӣȴֻһθڡ

ձͲסǺô棬ڹ˼Ҷ˼飬Ǳ˸ĸҪȥ˼Ůһһĸе滶ء

ȥʱҲǳˣһһĸĸȴûΡ

˼ҳ˾ǳĺãǰɻְִɿڣԡ

ᣬŭôǼ˴ʳֵڱ̻ʣ˻ˣ

䥻ǲһϵĸ㡣
ɻԭ˷۰ɫڵմ˳ͷҲˤһš

С־Ͳͬˣϱ鲻ã״Ҳü壬ڱ˼עЩء

ĸ׾۸ôӯڽޣǴȡ

ôˣ
䥿ڴĻԭȻŵҲ

ȴûһҰ仰δ˵̶ʱȴִΪأ

ҡҲûС
Сų󣬴ӲίҲãӲͬ·ΣǼﶫˣԵͷϣҲֻйԹԶġ

˹ˣһƲľżˣҲ֪ˡ

飬Ϊ䥵ı仯㵣һʱ벻Ļ

䥼˼ҶҶշϿǿҳҽĸҲܰĶ䣬ɼʦжʼɣⷢӰˡ

жʼɣƾ㡭

ٴδϵռûҵĶĸӦġ˴ƣˡŮʧˡ
˵գ䥴ŷϯ԰ȥ

죬ϵ½ǣĸ㿴ʧ浱Լǹ˼С㲻ɣ

ȴûüΪ䥵Ļľ

䣬ϲռҴӱ֮ϱǿԶ
ŷп˿ۣϿݣҲ֪䥵Ӳ̫ù

ɺ֪ģѾͷӢ˵ۣ˼Ůѧ飬

䥿дˣϲΪףȴ˶ӣۿžҪһ죬ңպӼ̳дͳ䥱ǻǻӵĸ

ʱϵı֮Ҫ練ơ

ţϾһ亹Ůֱۡ

ĸף屻ɫסֱץҲ

ԺԶЩյ飬ҪˣĿоδҵþѰŻ²У

-

Ͽϲ֣ȴˣϯӵ˳ϷͶ˫½⣬ϯͲסģȥǲǡ

䥹һȦûҼã־ͷ֮ܶģƧߣҴͤЪһʱٹϯ

һֱ׺󣬵Ƨס




7.  Ӣ   չֻ¸Ҫ֡


չþò

סȺŮΪ֮üĿǼǰڻϻϼΡ
̶̼չκƱ˸ˣԭԷ˫հȥݵΡ

ֱ߲ƣͷãƹ뿪Ů·룬˶·м䡣

ЦݼڽôչʲôôҼˣۿžҪˣĿ޳˷ˣ

ѻ˵û취ˡ
̾γԣ޶ۣлֱ˵

Ц䣬Ҫ޶ۣ¾ûм黬ˡѾ˼ˣˣڵˣ

Щӣιʵࡣ

ҪѡϢǰģΪʺֶŮ֪ҪЩһʺʾң»֮󣬺λĸ

Ҵ壬ͳλʦλʺ겻ƣҲóϣϡ

Ļᣬ˭˵飿
м¶Ѿã˭֪ð

˼ɫ˶Ҳûˡ

üҲڳʼĩҲ÷ξͺڰף

ˣºܾ֮̽˲ݵĽҪԴϣЩùˡ

˲ƥ
㶣ȴ⡣·ʱֻһ˶˵˲ҲǺ

ֻǶ½ξҲֶܷߡ

ܲ鵽˲ݣΪβ˳ŲȥǱ󾿾˭ֱ׵ﲻȥѰĻ֮ˣȴѰҵ鷳ʲô

α˵£ĿɵԽ׺ݣȴԵɫ

˵ֽźܿ죬ʱʦʹһŷˣҵֻǷЩۼȷ˲С
̫٣Ļ֮˵ݣƾٲ鲻ˡҲ֪ȫæڣһܳĵŮ޷ġ

Ļ֮˾˭ȴԸƲ⣬˵Ʋ⡣

ΧĹŮɫŹ֣ûٰǻĬĬ˺󼸲װæ䥡

ζ˶ͻ㾿˹˵޹Ӧ֤ףôˡ

ü˼Ҹ֤

Ծ̧°ͣǳ޵Լѡɡ

䥻ûع
ҲھܣȥԶЩɽ£ſɾġ

Ůڶ࣬䥲û

ãֱⱲӶЭֻܷԼġ
壬ԼͷҲ֪˼ӣ˳ģ

ɾû㣬Ҫ˱ġ

̫ƣ䥾һ㱻ŭĸоûУ˿Ц

üЦʲô

ӸǸӣƴӣȴѣɻǧټƵȥء

Ȼʵʵ˵ֻﲻԣҵһ籵ˣһںϵľ㣬Ųţ

ʶԵĹŮʵǳ嶯ˣЩҪ˴ȥ˸ƶʽݵֻ»ǵûʺϲ

ֵοлԼ֮ͬġ

ͷ˼ŶԲߣʶ˵ûлԼôˣ

˵δϵ£䥳ĬΣԷ飬ǲţɻȥʹ˷ˡ

˵ƶҲЩԥ

ĹŮ˳ӣǻǻȥȴ̽̽ɣԩ˼ҡ

ʱԣҪȥ

вʣҲֻϢģǰ¾вҪаǼٵģҾĲ㡣

-

˶ɢˣͬƽĵǣҪ˵ȴֹ̧ס

͵ôãɡЦ⣬ôҵЦôÿô

Զ֦ѾһڣһӰ߳

ˣ䥵ɴ۾ָʹ

ǰ֮üĿž޲мΣȷʵǶʱɡ

ʱֻвʱ¶۽ǣҲˡ
ʱѵмȻҾչҲ͵¡

ոջŻԼƣ¾ͱˣǵͨ죬޲ڵڸӣԼȥ

ָʹʧǰ롢¡

ʱкʧ֮

˳ָššȥҲ֪δ⻰ȥ

δǣǸŮгЩԼԼģղΪԼǲӦҫ
˵ⷬҲδԷؽԼϢ˳ȥɲʧô

໥һʱͻȻӦҲЩ֪롣
ģҲδáʧ֮ȭŴõһ

òУæתͷָ֪ʹΪڴˣҲͬϿٵô

йҪ졣

ͳ˾ָʹʲô޷Ǿץɱˣ뵽δϵţϵҲ
ӢˣͬʱҲֻи岻ĻԼʵûȰ˵

ҧŴû׷ʣʱؿ¾岻

ọ̈̄ȻҲˡлԼǾ䣬˶ռҵĶȻ֪δס
ԼָֻͬԼġ

ǰ䥼ˮޣΨֱ֮ΪȴͻȻת̬ȣڻϻֿϳĻԼ

ʱ֪⼫пΪΣڳɣȴЩϣ

չ˶Բߣ

ʲôԲߣ

ҵŮᣬܽߣ´ȴˡʱҪ׳нҪ˵ǡ

̧ۿǰһ΢΢ʹƺʮֵ飬ҲἫˣЩպ塣

ֱԡ

ô

ʱһʱסԵЩ㡢ˣĳ

ˡƶͷָȷʵʳǻԼǳЦŮðˡ

ʱϾΧȴδؿлԼ
˶֪ͳ˾ĶָʹǸΪȨƲֶΣԸڳΪļ鳼Ļ£ӣȻҪϸѡܹС

䥰ԼΣ֪ӺζʧίҲѹĵס

ʱüҪ˵

³ͻȻʧ֮£䥴񣬡˷ģҲʸ֮⣬Ůиˡ

˵յתߣʱ׷Žסڴȴһͷ

չҲ֮⣬Լҡʱһϣõģ˵ʲôʸʸ֮á

֮á
һڵţ֪ԼǺ͸ˡ

ˣǸͿȾŻ粻ˣ
¸һͷˣҴҵ˵ͷŲɿȥͽʱһԭء

ӣѾҵǰͷá¥ȭչҲڣҪǾ͡

ʱҪĴ㡣

¶ȥˣҲһ׮
ֻͬ˼ҹϵܣչֻ¸Ҫ֡

-

԰ӣ䥱һЩͻȻʱڴ˵صԵɡ

ˣϿˣ˾ſôá

Ӣָ֦ïǰͷ¬ȫĴͳ˾˰ˡ

ֻץ˭ʲôչҪһ룬ȥñţȰϿٺòǡ

صãϷ̨Ϸһۡǡ䥹˲ߣקסĹá

ЦС㷽ȥĶˣҰûˡ

ҷںԺͳ˾ˣǶ̫ˣǿϿȥɡ

ͳ˾תϲΪŭˣʲôҲܰ쵽ҹ˼

䥱ؾǻȽϿ뵽Ƨĵطȥɡ

²æȥˣ˸ͷϷ뵽ȥȥˡ

䥸һֱŲţ㷽˵ģǿ˵Ҫʲô

˿ûôúŪأͻȻǰͷݺϷͻȻ̨һڹ˿

ͳ˾ӥȮҲͬǺﲫֽײñյľͷƬҷɣڳпŮͶһţ˷

Ǻ﹦򲻴߰˸һϣòſססҪ˵Щʲôɶʱۼֿ죬òס졣

ĲõϯһңӢڼҶĲ³嵽ǰָŶʱĸʮ٣ڴǺξģ






8.  ɺ   һһˡ


ʱü֪ãеŶָűһͦʡ

ӢʱһҾ˷ϵأĳд󣬵Ϣ֮ץˣʵΣ¡

̧ͷһȦΣ¶Щɽ𻵵ŵӣͳ˾ᰴ⳥

㡢㣡ӢҶȡ

ҹ壬ȱ˸ֳǰںʵûӢ
˽֪ͳ˾ֶΰԵ޼ɣȴ֪ڵһƷĸۡʱҲ˷ǿ

ӢƿҶָʹ˷ϼϷӣʲôֵͳ˾һ˵淸ıȴ£ĸ٣նȲô

⼸仰˵ҲǸʱ˸̨ףԱȫӡ
Ӣ仹һŭȴԲ˰֮̾࣬ſʱĽ͡

ʱȴû⻰ͷӲͳ˾참ֻʥּ⣬ˡ

ʥϣʥϣһϷӣʥϴã֮ԣӢʱ£Ͳʧƣǽ𣡡

ԡ°սΪʥɱʥּĳ಻⡣˾ڻˡĳиˡ

ʱȻþҾ֮ƺƵش뿪̬֮ưľ
˵Ŀⶼ־־壬ֵΨһǡ

Ӣŭԣеȴ٣ʱΪ֮ӣ޸ĸȨܼɣʧƣֻûк³

ʱ䲻װӵ˰벽û˵ʲôתͷˡ

-

¬ű£ͳ˾ִӢ磬ɱûλʮٵϿ

¬ҷ£˽пܣͼ췴ġʵ֤ӢﱻץȴһϷӡ

ͳ˾֮˵ˣֻӻʵһ˵ָмලóְؤѫ֮£ɲ˾ãֱץگѶ

˵̣βԵǰͨйϾگңүȴڴܾѹ

ι³̣Ψͳ˾裬Żʵأڲ׽׼˿֪
ʱڹһ֣ʵǷ˴ɻ䣬ͻȻٹ١Ȩ֮˿ɲ飬˸Ҳ顣

Ժ̨Ժѩһɵʵ۵İѵñ˶ߣӢݣֻҲҪ򺡹ЮƵûʵ۸

Щһ˻ʵ۵İǣͳͳв

-

ʱǸʥϳʲôԻҩˣȾ߷绹ãҿƤҲɴʰʰˣֱӡ

Ļӵĸԭǻʺĸҵıãڻʺʱ빬̷ȴûϻʵ۵ΪнڻʺλһƷ֮һΨһлӵһƷ
ӺĻΪλͷѪʺ뾲ΪʺһɵӢҲ󿴵Ͼ

ô˵⻰̫ˡ

æס죬ǽжǽжЩڼҲ˵ģⷮ¥һ㲻˼ɡҪ»ؿɱҳˣһأ

ͷʾԼף䥷ֲ૵ʥʺ񣬴Ӳƽͷĸ˵ûڣ˴ʱɫ̾ء

Խ˵Խ䥵һۣҪ죬æܿ

ƲƲ죬Щ˼ңͳ˾צ鲼ǣĸӾͳ˾ˣڼ˵ЩϵЩ

Ҳ֪ͳ˾צڶ࣬ⷮ¥ͳ˾̽ӡ̲ס䥸ɴֻ̯֣ϣλ̽Ӽǵ÷ɶ˴˵ģͬҿûʲôɡ

õǲˣ˵֣С鰡

һûƲ֣Ȱ
ͳ˾һֻܴ󰸣ҲˣǸץϷ˵ãͬͳ˾˴üأݲϸˣڹǻ

֪ʲôѽſϣϼϷ࣬һǼһŹͷ붯˶ϸϸŲ¼ڲᣬһ©

ǡбʲôأ㷽Ҳ˵ˣҵļӣҲпͳ˾̽ӣҲݺϷӣǱļϸأ

Ʊѣϸ˵ݺģȷʵø⿡Σˡ

ʱҳ˼˼ǲǿΡ䥸̲ѣȴͷ͵ءǵڹ˼ңһ̱жһ̵ķա

ô˵ǻøлʱɣ÷ԣֱ䥵ĿǺɣ
Сվı߶ģͬһͰˣҲˣ

޹Ȼվߵİֻˣһѣܺùһ

һſϡ
Ҳ治ǼҲǷǵ谭참ǲһϷӣʲôʱ׽òУǵĸϣҸס
ʱʦȴҲ֮ӡ˵Ҽˣոıǣĸߡ

Ҳǵ£ҲĬ

ˣĻԼûУ˵ʱһ׮¡
ϻϱҵģûü䥣˵˽˼ǲˣϣԼĺиǰ̡

ἰԼһĬ

òԼĻ£δʮķҡ֪ʲô¶ģ²ͬá

ҡҲҪͬ飬ֻǹ˼ڻʺӪУǶӵıãʵڲ֪Ӻ˵

ȴûʲô˼ɣǵϻҲڷ¥һ˵ӡȵȣòΪ˲ųٳٲϽԼɣ

˿ڲ裬Ц¶ʮ꣬иżǵʱȥ˻ģ˵Ҳ֪ҵĻ£
ȴûԻԼܶӡ

УʱҪٲ˵ԺĿֻԼܡñżȥ˵Ӳ㣬㸸Ҫһܵġ

䥷Цˣ֣ý㣬ľҡܻа취ġ
ʵڲУͬһ㣬ڹһض䡣

Ҳ֪䥵Ļ£ԼҲûʲô˵ͷᱻѵԽ޴ңҲһʱ߰ˡ
̾˿䥵ַģСɱصóסˣһѡϲ˲źð

ϲЦ㻹浱Ϸأݺݺֻϣиɿиˣһƽƽأܿͺˡ

ƭΪʵ£Ǹˣо֮ǰӸ׺ͻʺָʾ˶Ӹ
ȴܾĥһ

ĵĶӲͬʱãȴʵʵǸƵģһ£ҲȹأҲǸദġ

ֻ֪֪治֪ģ˭ȷһԼѡģ·أ
һһˡ

-

СΪǰ;ãһǽ֮ȴˮɱ

¥һԣǰ亹°ͼҪȥҿԼӡ




9.     Լҹǰָᡭ

¬Ұľڶѽ̲õĿڹ˷Ѿ֣ͳ˾ѵ¿
¥ŷ¥˺ãҪŶʱϯʱ鲻ͬһˡ

¥Сʶݣֻǰڶ¥ż䣬˵Ҳɣûã䥺͹Ҳˡ

¥ͷ˵˺üƯ˵ͬʱǲԼͬԵⰲҲߵһ

䥷ǿǽжûе¥ǽ񣬵ͳ˾˶ϰطбһ˸ҲûѹԸ˵ÿһ仰ͷ

˼ҹǸûŵģʲô㻰˵óʱִ꣬Ҳñɫ
ҺȰ˼䣬ģͷҲͻЩ

Ȼ˵Լʱͷٴ

Ϊ˲ųٳٲϽԼⲻô

ʱ䥵⣬˻֪ɺ¥ΪġЩʱСػأҪȷһƽ˳ֲ¶˺ۼֻżԶԶؿһۡ

һģȴõİѱ¥ЩۣϲŭѱɫǾ¡
۹۱ǣǹģҳֻʱԿȥǧǨŭͷϡ

ãѾͷбʱڿڣЩɳƣ
˶ˣ㲻Ҫôôꣿ

¥亹ֱðڨЦӲ꣬Сأ

Ա㲻԰ɡʱ˾ɣȴȻζ߰ɡ

¥ӣҪȥĶ

ͳ˾

-

ʵʼղ̬µ˼ûʲôͷҲͲˣֻԽɵʱ
Ӣһ粨ָֻƽ

ձˣЩӶû鷳ֻæŸ࿴˼ҡ࿴÷ˣ˼أֱá

ֵУҲţĴڼﳭ廨óײ϶ӣֱǣʲôΣվء

ôеعüգͬƿʼѬʱ䥶Ȼ֣ûվҪˡ

Ϊգϰף˺ӱ۾ɣʤ߿Ͳʶ룬ҼһݡҶ£ֽڸԱ嶾

֮⣬Ů컹ҪΪ֡Ƴƣֱϣ೤Ĳͷ

ǶڣĳҲ׼Ķ磬ҲñʲӵĶֻɫ˿ڴϱա

Խ磬ɫԽǰ籸һ
һСߣ˿߶﷭ȥ˵߲ãҪϽЩ

ףⶼͬһ׼ģոչ

Ȩûžʤ

ͬôһأǶ߰ǹˣҪƣǵȷǲõġ˷һ첲⣬ֱЦ

ӢգƶڳǴɱ˲գ۵ָʹԼҹǰָᡣ
䥵ƣҪ˭ɲȻô

ҲЦˣ䥱ֵ÷ɫѵ˼䣬ֱ٩糺졣

̬һ䣬ͬŷҲ֣˳˳سš
ٽ磬ǶæͿͩͣŵҲ˿棬䥹˺üӣòײ˿ߡ

Ҫؼңչֽǣֱһס

䥣վס

ӦǸմڹгαǰμøӹأޱһ֧ҡѹڷϣҡҡ׹

ԳŮĸһ򣬶ԼͷֻŮӡ
ֻʣϡϡļˣͷβԣ첽ܿ

ԷҪѣûл֮

˼תȴԣǰò֪кҪ£

Ц㵹ܴס˿±ﲻԣҲ㡣

Щأҵȷûôţ֪ε

˵⣬Ҳֵĺܡ

մӢؼҺȥĸף֪ʮǰȷʵʱ¹Լʱ˷˻˼֤ˡ

ʱǨԼϾǶҵ˽£ûбϳ˷˾Ͳˡ

ҪһأҪȷĴ𰸣˶ռңһֱԺﲻš

ҲãûŶӣȻҲû취ʩչˡ

ջʺټ͸¶˶ӽӭλ˼ҵռʱʺҲûзϡ

ǹ˵ŮҴ壬ĸǵʺ󣻳ⲮϮҲĸɥֳ壬ŻҲͬƽƽ

˰ŭ𣬼ʱ籡

ֲҪļˣ⹴ǰɫڲں󣬽ұճŮٻҳ٣ߣ

һۣԥſ䥣ȴĶ֡
󣬵ȻҲǾйŮˣʱֻЩˣǹ˵Ů

ˣſֱ۵ǰ󵨣ҼҹǲŮӽ£ҷ

ҲŵûǱ䥣

ŮΣŮΪӳ񣬱֮ǻ춯֣

˸ĻȣҲӣй˼ɣٳٲ϶֡

ڴ
ڽּ䣬һ˻дԾ¶̴򣬶мΧźڲ

ͷ֮ǶʱһǴǰ¼ģк¥Ļͳ˾ǡþ

æδ˾踾ҪɱǼҹ

ʱⲽͥŲżΧм䣬һ䡣

ָʹ
εŮҪ˵ֻӶޣһ˱鵹ڵأżѪĸ첲
ʣŵһæƿĶҲŵòҳ

ʱαӣŭѲǽ£ͬͳ˾ʲôɣҪ£

ʱӣĳΪ͢ƷԱ˹һкβɣֻǲ֪ڴ˴ΪΣ

ؽΪˣȻҪ䥳ͷ
ЦָʹͰ͵ػ˼ıߣδؿ㣡

üʱȴΪ⣬ԣĳ˻ܵķ£˴Ҳͬĳһ㣬ΪܾϹᣬڶŮ֮ϴˡ

ƾҲͬҸᲢۡŭЦðҲɣͬ䥶ڣԶʣ˵ͬлԼԼǲϣ

ʱüһʶ䥣˫̹̹뺬ǣ֪á

-

Ⲯ

ˣǽϪǱŲ ǰЩӸյġҲ᲻úء

Цӯӯȴʢ⣬룬սǼᣬַ£
̫ˣõĲ裬Ʒˡ

˵컨׹ʵȴһҲûӣ޵ȴòͬίߡ

ϳҴ壬ǻʺãֹΪһƷӢޣھǵϾ֮ǰƾⲮŵڣȷͬϽ顣
ȥҲûǹռҵţ⵹ʮͷһء

Ȳ⽨ϪŲ۹ټϻڵץӸΣҲһ

ĹͣռԣȻóõĶдʲôƷѲƷѵġϺ޺޵һ۲룬˵ֺֿף
ֻǲ֪˴ݹ٣ʲôҪ£

ҡЦøĪ⣬ĿתڵתһȦ

Ҹ֪⣬ƹܲ꣬Ȼ˼
ﰵŮֵĺܣȴǻӻ˻رܡ

ռ˶˳ȥ߼ѾͷҲ£ֻʣһĸߣ۸ȧǵŮվԭء

ˣǡ

ºһЦǻʺĽùá




10.     һֻͻ˹

ǰ񣬡ū澽壬ӣʲӰá
ֹжȣڳe飬дȡ

⡢ʹѽһ˵ǹĹùãܿһ񣬡ùǹͣѰζβأֻǲ֪
ɻˡ

ȸ棬ѹסбģǺʱڣûˣⷱʢһ˶ҪȺ磬ЩʶѫҾ죬빬ͻ

ʺ磬ֻ׽س׾죬ϴǰֻţû·μӡ˵⣬صȽĹù͹ռùۣԸˡ

Ȼֵͬ䥶ǵһ빬ⲻϤǹأҽùôҲȶһǵġ

Ҫͷлԣ䥡˵˼ǣ

Ϊƺüͷ΢΢һ壬ܿչ
ͷ˵䥶úܺã뿴أҪȥ硣

ʺΪͻȻҪ䥣ԣȻ

˵ҪҼȥˣòȥҲ¡ǰ㣬

˴ãǲ⻰ҲֻǵЦ
ѴԸȥֻһ÷

-

䥲ӸҪиɣͬʱĻԼʵġ
ʱǳ͢سԸø볼޵δУҲΨ䥡

ʱ˵ˣպ䥿ʲôԵˣҪԼˡ

ʱ䥣ԥ

þò𻰣ЦҾ֪ʲôٰʮǰľҲ˵죬ڲҡָʹȻͬ䥺޸ϵҲزͬĶԹ

˹æĳ䡣ĸ֮ý֮ԣδȴҪýʵ״ʱɣģȥʶӣýȢΪβ

㡢סڣ
使ʱǸ첻ߣڦ壬Ůӡ

ǸǶĳ˵ˣⲻáȥʻҪҪãںԺҡ

Ʒվޡ
Ȣ±̣Գ۲٣ҲһСΡ

ηĿ΢죬ʱ˵ʹ죬ˣȴҲΪ˵ѾĻأ

æˣȷ֮ġҸãǳªзǷ֮롣

⻰˵ǫѷͬǰͷʱĻϵֻ˵м֮λΰҪҪ

ǧų󣬵λ磬̣˵ĳ־䶼ĵ׵ʹ
Ϊ˭ԸΪңŮҲۡ

ӯڽޣӲŲŮȰ˼䣬ײŰȰϳ
ǼȻǱͳ˾˸ѺˣҵͿȥʱȴЩĶӵ˼

һлָʹȡ

ʱֻһͷҪǣȥ

δˣ㡭

Ӧͷ䵭չﻹʲôԸ

̶̼գʱ̬ȼת࣬䥲ԣֻ޴ؿ

ʱͳ˾йû£ĳȸˡ

ȵȣҡһҪʴˡ

ʱһ٣ڻǻع˵

ָֹ֪ôӺ˵𣬶ʱҲߴ٣ֻص

ʣΪβɴӦ˻Լ£ֱͬ˺Ƥ
ֱҲûԸϵλʱǲʲôߣǰңܿӵô

ʣΪԼ˹֮ŮһǷΪպ᲻ڡ
иػأ򵥵ķ¶ˣΪηҪѡ·İ취أ

ȷ·ġΣ˸ĶǶʱͬ䥲ʲôɣԼҲû˵һжƵʱԼϡ

Ψһһ·ġ

иϵͻ

罫嶾û֪Ͽ׼

ʱЩ⣬Ǵͳ˾ѾǣҲѬݣЩר˴лġ

˵±ǾɵģˡҶ죬ǻ

ʱʾ˵

רע£֪óѹʤ֮ͳ˾˲űֻЩϸ֮

ʶ˵ʲôʱ۽һȾЦһ۹ǣС
ϧֻźߣ΢죬Ʈûܼ⾪ĶǵһĻ

䲻ţԸëԼ˴һƣ֪ˡ

л

һ٣ڿϿŶʱԷݣ˫һ졣

ͳ˾ȷй񣬺¥ͷһֱûԶԶһ

ˣչˡʱһͷ

׷ʵˣҸνأ

ﲻţʹŮͳ˾ǣǲš

ʱ۴Ц⣬ü۷һȥ

-

ŮӵأݹأӦΪŮ֮ʡĿѲͬ䥣ռŮɣλŮ顷

عùõĻŮ顷Ͷġȴ𵽣Ů顷ΪŮ롷pѵpŮpŮ¼ƪ

ǹרְϰĹùã䲻һͬ빬ΪŽ룬ҲҪһѵ
岻ϵĺڿϴȣڽǰ¶䥴ã˵仰

Ϊ֪ǳªԸЦ󷽣ⲻ֪Ѿһ⡣

ʺҲټ䥣ڴѶռͬӴɹʶҪӺլʱ
ʺ빬һҪϰգڹ֮ʵͻ飻ǽϰֹأáǹС

ʱϰصҲǽ塣䥱Ĳ첻͵̷ֱҹŵƬЪϢҲɨĹŮ硣
ùֳľʱʱ棬䥵ֹԣаֲԱҪ

ʺʱǰˣҲǰ͵ǰΪϰأȴһ˵ֹֻżŮѧĹΡ



䥻ع˵ĿⶼԼϣüͷ壬ŭ

ӣŮ롷ƪ

δ䥴𻰣ȵŮӱһ򸾵ڶеģרĵ壬ӵõߡŮ롷Ů֮ףԱΪȣƪΪš

ͷͻЩȷĵģ֮⻹蹪вǡղҲδ㣬ȴȻشԵðʧˡ

ΪΧżЩù֡Ŵɫη

ϵãǺõģֻҲҪעⷽѧҵ͸öȰΪŰ峯һЦתʱȴŲм
ڴ֪ҵڻң㽫Ů顷дٱ飬սɡ

ǳдͬڻʺеĶʵڲʲôο䥲ӣ֮ͬˣֻ֣ܳꡣ

Ⱥ绹а࣬ȴһֱֻϰŮ֮йڽ˵ĵɻȴֲֻᡣ
ѧûڣʱȥҽ̣󶼱ϲΪɴ˻λϲĹùȴͦԺﴮţʱ䥵¡

еĶûʲôΪ˵£ֻһ

嶢ýûҵţ͵͵˳ƣֻзȥͳ˾Ȼ궫һֹһȰ䥳š

ôˣü

ʶһ۽壬֧֧ͷӳЩ£ƹһҪöҳ棬˵ǲˡڼôãպϽЩ·εģǺã

Ҳתۿ壬ѡһ˵ʺϲþƯΣϲһʲô

Ʒͷ󺹵ӣȻè壬ɽһת׼䥳š
Ź·ȷ¾ЩҪ²ףұۣһͬȥɡ

ҲҪȥżƵضơ

䥳Ƭ̣лùˡ

ͬ壬ӷˣƺƵسţȻȥµһҽ̡ͬƹʹɫŽסͬӺ뿪

ʲô£ڿ˵˰ɣ

һ·ϷĿ˸٣쵽һխһ
תϻЦ

䥻û꣬һֻͻ˹ȥ





11.     ͬﶼξ֮йء


ͳ˾Ǹ˲գ۵ѻѨͷµӥצڳ⣬Ѫֻõˡ
ȻʵϣΪܵһͳ˾Ŀ鼰£Ϣӣ̺Ҫͳ˾ÿҪӾǱȳĹݻҪࡣ

¥̽ʱʱǰľڷΪѣ߰˸ߵһδģǰͷһСϻǿõģ֮Ҫ˼ģұͷװ˷Ͼ

ӣϢǵݱ·ߣһ·ֱݲŷ

ʱͷҲûֻ̧̯һֻ֡¥⣬ֽܳݸ

¾͵ݣʱ˼ų̸ѵܡ

¥ԥϷֵ޵ľ󶼽Уֵ±ֻԶԶţҪ֪ƶξҪǣµҲһܷ֡

ʱӦһǸ֮ûǻַľʿԼ췣ɡ

ǰ´ãش¥ֿ죬ǡ

ͻȻһ֧̼ɽ¥ǡõſڣһס֧ͷŵͲݸʱ

ȺܼԲм£ɼš̼ϱкӡߵȼϢ

һΪ٣ӣʿ

ʱüߣ

-

𶯡

£Ӳ룬Ӧ˴ʹƵġ
ѵĲʹ

䥱ǯﶯãҲֻͷʾϡ
˴жҲδ裬ܿȺԾǱУһƾԺӣɿ֡

Ǹһֱ˸ţֻܳ²ߡ

䥲һͷ۲ӢۣҲ֪ûмݡҪƣҸ٣ҿɳ

СǻӿˣϷˣ˴Цİȴ쿴˭

ԥתۡ

ǰغַɫǼܿ䥸˴ͷüüе˺ۣĿĵϴƬˣȧһֱൽͬõγԱȣԵüΪɲ
Ψһ˫ͬ䥼ΪƵۣǣ͸¶ԵЦ⡣

۾һۿˮ۽
硭磿

ǰ֮˱䥵ĵ׳֣ǰռҳ壬׶ռҵճӣӢ

ˣӢЦһССްô

ʶ൲ȴֱ

㡭һȥôãѶҲޣǲ˻ãק½ؿڴ˺ü£ҪҼŸ㣬ǲһӶ

䥵ǸӢȷǵҲûܻؾ

䥼޸Ӻ󲻾ã֣Ӣ֧ԮŹأزں֧Ԯ££ֱ

̵ǣܳ͢Ͷ˼ŵ£Ϊݴʷ;ǹһǨ

ӢսΪΪȴǿּΪ壬͢ȴ޾޸Ŀǳȥѫתд͵ĸҥ
䥱ںլǶϢһ֪Щ黹Ƕ֪ġ

Ѫˣڱ߾ʬ޴棬ԼҲڲúɥ𳡡

ĿߣӢɿЦۿҲе죬ķ٣
Сɱԩң·;ңԶдûĵЩǸ⣬ô궼ûţһΪСҪˡ

ӢΪܼ̳оλҲԸ⸸عɺãЩŵȥ֪

ӣֳ´ţԽԽġ

еӢ£ҲƷòȴֻܴŴֲѣִּ롣

磬Щúô

սϵ⽣Ӱಫʲôӹ

ܺãС˶ѣСӢԸЩĨȥõᣬˣ㷽˵ʲôҡ

ȻƿӢæƿ䥣ڿһӣʯӡ

ſ

ʱŭֵӢһܿ棬ָ̧񵲣Ҫֱһ
ʯ֮ŷ飬¶ֱϵ

˽һأԺ˰벽Ҫٴæͣ

ס֣ǡ䥲֪òýӢݣȴʱͣ֡

Ӣüͷչ㣬ؾˡ

˵ͬӢҲβʦ

һ꣬Ӣüȴϲɫۿһʱ䥻
ָʹ֪Ϊڴˣ

䥱ٵڲʱ䣬ʱԸȻ˽Ķ򴫵ݳȥ

ʱûŴ𻰣Ƶؿһ䥡

ָʹǡ˳Ӣӣ΢죬ϻұΪʱָʹȵңͬһ󵱳ҵˡ

ңӢ⣬⵽ô£

ûͣżæŵܹţͷ֧ӦסùҪ١

磬ҡ䥳ӣۿͨ졣

ǲˣЩȥɡӢһ䳶ЦģҼȻѾ˾ǣеǻټ

֪أˣԺֻʣˡ

ĬӢȳֹʱк֣ɱˡ

ʱֻᵶ񵲣ˣӢˣһ˫򵽵ϣǧ֮οѹ֮£ʱ䲻׵ڵϡ

ӢָצֱʺͻȻӿһˣһһ񵲿
ǰӷ档

Ӣȴ׼һ֮ǰĹƣӲͬӷ棬ִܷأ̽֡

ӷ治⣬ֻôޣÿһѵʵɴָʯӣӢһһ㿪

Ժӣӷ滹Ҫٹȴʱס

°ɣͲٶ֡

޶ۣˡ
ӷ֪ԼмƱ¶æʱڰʾ¡

Ӣ΢΢ۣͳ˾Ȼ鴫ԻһطһŮӣ֪˾Ϊ٣

ʱ¼ӢֻǷ˵䥱٣һʱš

Ӣαԣвʱûл棬տˡ

ǡӢЦָʹݹأҪտǮ̫ߣǸ𡣡

̣ʱûֻԵ˵Եɣֵ
ΰ裬ҶԶҲڱصã䥣Ҳ֪ءӢ㲻˷ң䥵ϣͬһ뻤

лָʹ塣Ӣܵ˸ҾҼѻؾ㲻鷳ͳ˾ĸλˣ뽫ֳء

ʱûӦһ֪Ϊλᶢ

㣬ӢȻš

ʱֵֿ֪Ϊλᴹ

ӢĿͬӵ£ʹʲôɣ

ǣȷͬ޹ءʱ̾ȴͬйأͬﶼξ֮йء





12.  ʺ   ʮʮһľͷ̨Ҳ

ǰβѹμһϦ֮ƶˣǰõļͳͳ˱ᣬΨӢűнĶʱϵͬʵ飬Ķʱһ

ͬȶ˾ƣǲԼλؼҵģֻ֪ڶʱ߾ĳ檣Ѿʱ

ûȷӦϴһ˴ָװܻŷ磬ǸѾ޶֤ӢٿĪ硣

ϣϻȥ˶ʮ֮ϳռҡ̶̼գӢӲɥȮ

ݲӢֻԶȥͶͬĸ׾ѵ棬ָգ֮Ӿﶼξ
ֻһУͬӺʲôϵ

 ȥҵõ߱ϸެٽ̶֮ܣݴʷ¬ܻᡣպ¬鵽ﾩǣ游¬ݼҡ
ܻݲö֪Ψһ֪¬ļмһţֻа˸֡
ʮϣŹء

ŹϹխƿڣѹʮͨҪ졣Ҫʿ˳˳ͨŹأͨС

ӢԾսȭƼҾ½֮زѡ

ŹΪ֮ƼҾأعؼҡʱɬΨһ⣬ھǡ

ĬãӢֵԣӵȷ年ᣬͼıƾʲôȷƾԼͻۣͬ

ҪȷһصĲһͶϵٻ㲻ʱοȷˣ𣿡

-

Ρɽܽש̸ƣʺӵӺ֮

ܺԻʺΪȻλһƷ

زĸһֱڵޣϣΪδãͣƾò󹬣ʢ겻˥ҲƲˡ

һػʺ磬λΨоϯ

ϲ԰ʤǱ칬Ҫ֡Цˣô

ǻʵѡģʺͣһֱȺΪͻʵΪѡȻϯ

ʺɫ䣬岻ʣǰ

岻ʣкϢ˰ɣҡҡӣɱСϢһøǲǣҲǰ񡣡

ϲαػнһ⣿

ʺЦЩ䣬ˣСˣɻҩ

ؽӲıɾͬĻͬʱУΪ֣Ļ˴߲ҩСһֱá

̥Եһеòʧ

лػСѿˡƤЦⲻЦʥϵĵһȻҪŽЩ

ǰ֣ٺĻ֣褺ʺ뾲ҲĲ͡ϱ߶˲ҺҲ廰ֻͷȲԹӡ

˵˵ţĿתϡ

ļҵĹʶѣôҲΪһ֣

ǰ

ʺЦôȺͣͬԴԼСǲռҵĹ˵ö˻㾲Ҳǽղż£ǲ

䥵ͷ񣬡ޣŮҵ

ǫ԰ĳҲ⣬ֹ󷽡ʺͷ

˻ٶԣլˣÿղϷͻϷˣЩ棬

ȷǸҲšįԺ󳣳˵˵ɡ

˵ģԽˡ˼һСϲЩأ

Ŀһ٣ûнӻиĵĹ󸾵ﴺﶦʢǫģռҹܳ빬︣ӣĸ

ʺصͷ˵˿ɲ㣬Ҫ˼ҹҲء
ʼգû˵Ҫϡ

Ů˷룬ӣ٣ǻʺֶŮ˼ҵҲûеġ

˵Ŀֶʣȫ䥣Ӧԡ

䥲ݵˡŮֱ֪ɣ̷ˡ

һ¾ˣʺü⡣

ȴûУŮǣĸ񷱶࣬Ůֻĸһ˲ͣԼΪŮȴֻ֪֡

һ˵ʺҪټ빬̷Ǳ˼ҲТˡ

ھ٣Ҫǰȴȿˡ

˵ʲôĺø㸸ĸ˻أô㲻ТأѾͷֱ̫ˡֱ֣ùԺҲҪٸǶ˵˵뵱빬ʱҲͬһء

Ҳ˵ЩҥԡӺ󹬣ԶӵҪ˽⼸֣ͷǶӴ䥵Ļ֮ԱǣΪռ˸ӿʸ

ſͷ䥺棬̻ʺ󼸾䡣
ɿΣôǻʺ䥣ȴ׽֮⣬⵹Ѱζˡ

⻰˵ɣʺУΪý̷û̷ȥˡ

䥼ǣһǵӣͬľмƣʵײ˭֪ʲô

ʺɫȥ˼ҹһƬТģô⵹˼ǲˡˣ±ˡ

˵ת⣬ڳĽ˾Ҳ˳ŽǣЦ̣һ־

-

ϯɢˣҲûͬռһȥǻصĶأǰͷ˴ţ˵ǻʺټ

СڹгҲǻʺߵˣÿαټʱţ·̤

ū澰ݼ

ɡʺռռǹֹжȣĺܺá

󺧣ظӰ²ˡ

Ŷʺޣʹȥϰǣ̵ôã֮У

庹£ɸųŲ

ȥռңΪϰǣʵǵ⣬ҪȥռҴ̽飬ץ䥵ʲôѱպ䥽˶ӵĺլʺҲǯһ

ʲôûץ䥱ֵã²Ľ

бˣĬˣֻʱʱѹֲסĳ

˰Σʺ£ô

ūϸϸ̽ռҴ٣ɳҲֻ˵ᣬ˵ᣬū澿ҲǼͨ޴á

ʵϲ֣Լճڵļ˶ͣΪڵ빬Ϊ

ʺԭȴ㣬ͬһ·ӣպʵӣȱȫ˶ӵܴﵽ븮Ŀġ

䥼ղҲҪʵ֪ѡ᲻ӡֻ䥵һϲͨǿ鷳ˡ

ʺһˣ˵ʱʣǡأ

ʵմӳƣϿʱô˵Ҳƽֻ֪Լţūʵڡ

һʱ۸˵£򲻸˵ڵġ

ˣʮʮһľͷ̨Ҳ֪ߡ

ʺüٵŮˣһ֮£֮ϣȻΪǿѣֻʵۣ֪ͨ
Ҳ֪ʲôԻȴͰ͵طǵӭš

ԭأ˵ͷȥ




13.  Ů   ٵȵȰɡ


󵨣ϣϱ̲סŭŮһƣ꣬ǣ

ӲˣָģĸϢŭŮ֪ںδĸʾ¡

ڵУǸ˶ףʺ̧٣䥲֪ɵǼɵü۵ضȥˡ

˽ģϰͲͬһ壬źãԸʼڹ

ѱ̬˵ܼӣռҶǼĺ£պҪ»ӣǶռ˵һˡ

Ļ»û䣬֮ǰ»ռұǻ׹ݣ׵ı׼ˮǴߡ

պӵλҲռڹ̣ǣƣǰĶԹҲͲҪ

һжˡ

ʺû˵ϵȻҲ֮ڿڣֻܺûԼЩϷ

˵ģҪٴȴס֡

ôһ򲻵ˣ

ƽֱĸףŮձҪǣҪˣĸϢŭա

֣ҲûٴЦҽѵãܽѵҿͬ㸸׽

ɢ磬ϵҺȻõȺʱ

⣬һ﷢ֺг

ϵǣûмŷŭϸϸ˵лʺ̬ͷӦ°˼á

ڹһ죬ϱ˼䣬ǲտžȲظ״﷢·ȥ˵һͨ

̫Ѩˣӣȣҵĸ

Ŵֵһ䥣ˣԹżǻʺŴǼңǿǡ

һʴȣ졣Ӱϣת䥣꣬ζųӿ䥶֪

࣬üɫǻ˴ǰһʮֻԭ¡

ڿ˽ڼ֮ǰŮһ֮

ˣһӣȥ翵Ȩơ

ٲˡ

һƽݵŮ֪𷣡

ȴĵȻ֪Ǳ˵˵

䥳Ƭ̷̣˳빬һ£˵ֻҵ˼ŮδǣϸӸĸ˴£ĸлشŮţǹ˲ϲʵڲá

ش⣬Ȼ˵̫ף㵽ǼޡȻȴѵöԸĸһƬֱТģԼҪĽ

Ͼ̫ˣػԼ⣬պ㲻

룬üɢ

úӣɡЦݳȰΪ֪һƬТģյȷʧˣͷҲø㷣зʡգСʹ롣

䥴ְݵǡ

-

ڶձ㱻һﾩʦ

ϻʺƫЩҪڹ̷ζûе١ҶֶʣְǸģûץסᡣ

䥱뿴ϷȻǰϲҲռҼҷϽʺҽ̡
Ҳ˰ռϣٶڸ߻ʺû˼ռȴˣΪ䥵ĲʶȤʮŭίʺͶϡ

ϢȻҲͳ˾

ռҹһǽ¥Сӣ⡭

ʱڰǺ⣬бϢ𣿡

˵£¥࣬µĲѾ׵ͷҲѾк⣬ļҲѾȥʡѾͬ⿪֡

Ϸ̨Ѿãֻȡʱһֵ㷽˵ʲôã

¥һ㶣ûд𻰡

ʱ˵ȥҹﺮĺܣܲúЩҩȥ

¥Ũü˶ˡ¥޶ۣ֪ʲôҩҪ͵ȥʲôƫƧطº¥ޣӷֵܴ͡

Ҫ٩ʱѱӽϴЦҩͲȥٷؼֵȥɡ

¥ЦųüŪۣʱ΢죬ֵǵõҩֽſЩ

-

ԣʺδС¹ռңԵϣռҵ֣ҪЯҾϯ

ԭǳ̣ΨйƷسſɴҾУǸ˾ũҲֻǴƷ䣬ȴҾ졣

֮ⲻھƣҪҾ죬Ҫ䥡

ΣӲѡѾˡԭȻ˼ķ׷ϢģֺռҾײʲôˡ϶ɣֻԼձǹɺ͹ɷˣÿն⡣

䥴ڻģȴû¶ƵģͰعš

ĩҪмҪȥԹȥֻܸڼ֮ǰȥһ¡

ͣۿžһڻȼɫ䥱ؼңȴǲ

һӾ͸ùˣʱŹرգɾûˡȰҪǱˣӸսξûء

Ӣݣȥļģ䥱ڼǰһ棬˵˵Ҳá

ԾӢŸ䥣һܵû˲ٵȣպĻᣬҲǲô뿪

ٵȵȰɡ

ͬһ𳤴֪뷨̾һЦã˵ȣһȡ

֣ҲЦЦ

Ͷ˾ţȴһ֮͡

չչ𣿡Ӵ󲽿벻ǾԵҲ

һ°ޣȣЦţǷΡûӺ̣磬ĸҹӡ

ûϵʱһ

ûüǰͷأ˴˷֮أˡ

ƳһۣСѾͷĻǺõģͬʶǶˣ㲻ؾš

Ҽҹݹأʲôӵ̸ܶġ

ɬ䥿һľ

ǰ֮˻ǶӣҪ練ƣοзǱġ

æ֣󣬡˵أӲǸӲ£֡

α֣ǱõѣȻҲǵԼÿƺΪǡ

ÿμ䥣Ǻ޲ģһ²ŷӦ˵ıǹá

ɹҲûй磬ֻݹأ˿

̫ˡһȣ棬ҼȻˣû˸˵ʲôлֻܺǡ

ʵϣˡ

ڼӲԼװãʵĪ

ָ⣬ת˼·ȴһϤ
ɫôȥ

ѭͷǶʱ




14.  Ȱ   䥣Ҳֻһ·

ɽľ࣬ͷ͸ʱзļţ·˴ȵҲƽ

ȴģǻ̼

Ϊʲô

ԭͬԺӢŵȴ˶ӣ˶ʱ

ʱɽȻ˳ƶΪŷߣɶӲģǵҪ

ʱҲûʲôԶظţͬӵм䣬˱һͬɽ

ָʹͳ˾˲ű֪¾ʲôذҪǵͶλָʹԳ

ǫ΢Цֻ䥿˫Ŀа档

ͳ˾참ֻ޲֮̽Ȩ¼¡

һ䣬ʱ
նĳ壬˲Ϊ참˽¡ɮϾشԱӣҼϾһ

˭Ȼ䥡

Ҳ֪ʮǰʱһԼֻʱǨ¶μҾʣһʱԼҲû¡

Ͼһ̫ĸɶӣǽļСˣһУ褵ĴѡǸ˶֪ôѡ

䥶ԼбܼɣпǾݣҲпεвΪžʱԼ

ɿŷ˱ģ´ʱƵúˣ䥻Ų·һͬʱĻԼպѰˡ

ˣͼ֮

ûӦԣѾߵռҵǰ

񣬡лºָʹ͡

ۿ˾Ҫˣʶţչ

ôСġʱЦдЩժޱմϵĻ꣬ȥ·СЩЩż·

΢죬׵֪Ҳء

˵Ľ̸ȻɫǶ֮ŭ

ͬ뿪ӲͣЦŮܲףָʹôҲҳҲ𣿡

ʱȴδŭʹи޷з򣬵ºαؿ

ɱˣûμҵĴšЦ¹˭֣δ֪

ɫڣݻߣǰ˲ʱ߹һպȨôöУ

-

˶ˣɫоţʱҲżԭվԵ˻

һҶĦӢǰ

˲סңֹҵ˴ҪҿһϷ

ڣڱʣʱЦ

ӢҪֹ䥵Ļ£ϻѾϵ˵÷αһ⣿䣬ָʹ֪ǧ㣬ĳòѰˣָʹĳı

ʱеԵý飬ʱͷӦⷬţԼ£ҵܲ鵽ȻҲܲ鵽ҲûдضϢ

ΪȴΪѣӢŭץס½󣬡֣پϲ⣬ʱҲʲôöòǷǵü޸㡣

Ϊ飬䥾أ

Ӣһ㶣ʲô

һ֮òȴشռǸѡʱݼڽ꣬Ƶ㱻׳мϧ

Ӣɿ֡

һֱԸȥ룬Ҳȥ¡

ʱҲֻ֮꣬Ϯʱ֪룬ϾԹˣʵǹܲáûҪߣֻԼǰһףٴһ䥾йմŮ֮ӡ

ŮִԶޣһŭ֮ͬϾϵǼжʣˣֻҲϽӢûõŮǲҪġ

ຮƼҲ޿ɿŮԳ˵סܼͱɼĸ֡

ӢһֱΣܽҵţԼžλŮӲϮִıһϯ֮ء

ڱʱƣ֤ʵھйòãӢֻÿ

һΣѾؾòǱ޸㣬´жеǣӣͱδˡ

޸ңҪ޸˭߾£˼ңʱ߼䣬ˣ˵˼ң֪ǰãҲ⣬޸˼ɣϧûġ

߾ƼҶǴ³ˣӢ˳룬Ȼûɹи֮ˡӢʳ֮ңϵƥ䣬ӢһܱǻʺһɣزΪ䥵ӡ

Ӣͬöһ꣬ܶǶϳ棬˸Żˮ

ɶʱȼ鳼һ磬ģȴϸҪȢ䥣аٰʮǰһ׮Լ

㾿ҪʲôʲôͼıӢͷƤ飬Ŷʱɷ֡

ѾõѡΨһѡ񡣡ʱܣ񣬡統ֻֻǰ䥣Ҳֻһ·

-

ϻ±סʵһؼҺ˺üҹجΡӢţ˵Լ˽ЩŲϽ鲻ÿգʱҲȥԹԼʱټ

ûձҪǣ֮ǰֳЩź䥻ǰڼұ

ˮأִòַ֣Ƕ֮˾ũ¸ܸҪ䥵ļһдӼ

ǵͱµģ䥱ϾǲһĺӣܼжҲڴ˴

ɾɾĸģ򣬹ıҲֻ˳ģΪűӣֽ嵥Լٹһ顣

Ȼ嵥һһԹȥϱٶɴ˦ֻ԰㡣

ҸҲ˵ǶԵģؽϻţᱻ¡ϣذ׹ϵգֻίˣɾһذ

ļӢˣߣǰռҸ䥰æ

æһ죬ָɷźãҵȱ衣

˽㣬˴㲻æôôֻ˵

úߺŤվＸϵĺľɵʲôģҪм񣿡

ľϸϸͨڣƽƽ棬ȴһĹʣͷǶһ챦ʯָ׸ǴСɫѪʡ

ʲôܼʡľͷҲ̫˰ɣƲƲ죬ʽĺܣҪûģȥǶһɡ

ʲôʶҾͦÿġһСĵطŻغӣصϴŲԾЦ⡣

Ƕʱġ

ǵķɸֱЩϸ֦ĩڣӢҲû˵ϣǷʱڽײ˺¥

¥Ҳ˵ֱӽһĺӵݸ˵Ƕʱиش䥡

ʱû͹ǰЩãʱʹЩٵҩ࣬мֹ纮ĲҩһͷȻвͬ

ü䥿ŷЦ⣬һ񺮣ôЦģⷢİɣ֪뵽ʲôü䥶˭͵ģ˵˵ǶӰɣ




15.     ˿㣣

Ϲ˵ʲôأҲԼһƤ鲻Խض˶ˡ

룬ҲŲܣǾ˭͵ģ

㡣ѽһ߳ţǿȥԷɣҿеöˡ

ƣŮʮǣڼ֮񣬸¸٣Ȼˡ

һ磬䥴Ų£Ůͯ˫վߣͬһͣĶ׽˼ң䥻ŮĴ磬ֹȴʮ񣬶ֹס̾

ҲòأӺͻʺ£ϵ⣬տڲԣֻһĪģ˰Դࡣ

ͶϯʱѵҪʼʱȴҴҵܽ

ӣҡȵȵȡ

ʱˣü˿ñͣʲôȣѻ˵

购յ˵˼仰ۣüͷչ洺ֱͦк˶Ƭ̡

Ŀͷԣʵӣڵʲôѽʱõģ˿ɾͲˡ

⣬Цƶӱż֪

ԱʲôҲûҲһͷˮϵЦݣв

ҲƬ̹شһλڹٹˣˣˣǴ˴ŮǶ¸ϵڹ٣ݼ

ڹǶӵ̣䥵ļڹԳϯк岻Զ

Ȼ뵽ἰʱֹģȻǺ½

˼죬鸴ӣǰԶڹ

ϲûһ⣬ʱƶѾ嶤Ĳѡδٴ롣

ڹرܿЦض񣬹պǰԶū澵һ񡣡

䥽ӲֱϲʤΨۿһУ˸ۡ

ڹ˼䣬˵⣬ռҹϻۿ㣬ҲмӵġȻָǻʺ󣬡µ֪Ｐǣ

˵˻֣ͷһС˫ַϣһ֧ת۽˿Ĳٺķ

µ˼ǲżлֻҪķպʱ򡣡

䥻ûü˵ͬǧл

͵ڹٲöֹؽͳš

Ҳڲ񣬱ǰСղŵ£վԭأؿֻɫס

ҺãҺòǴͻʥּ

ۣеһһǰӹ񶾵ҵı޴򣬻ƣԼǳջһеĴ

ȥˣǶᷢˡ䥸Լ̤ӸĴš

ŮӼǺլ£͹ڹٱȥ鷿ֻһˡ

Цüۣ֧ʹ彫͵Ľ滻ԭȵľǵ˾Ϊϼ֮ˣȥԭӦ

˵ʲôҲȥ

ҪƢƽҲͰˣʲôϣҶء

˦£˭Ҫȥ˭ȥ˲ôźĵ˵úǸ檡

ס죡һӣ㸸˵û̫ˣݵ㲻֪ߵغĻҲ˵ģ

Ȧͨ죬µǣǸ檣պҲŮʲô˲õģ

ϾȴͣסվûĴȥѵ˼ųȥ

ô˽ʱſʼ

ּɪһһͣȺм߹ǰ

˴ǰȺʱЦôȺͣ
¼գʼԪ־˳ɵ¡ٿΩ

䥹ϣϴ˫֣٣жװΡ

䥰лһԵȦ΢죬һίӣ˶٣վûжʣϽӹ·ȥСڸ¡

䥴ɫȹ߹ˣϹ񣬱Ƿ׷׵أֻصǰϹ¡

صͷֵǣ¡ü꣬ܺ

ǰ䥳׼Ϊǡ

̣ݸˣȴֻ

һֻںīΨк챦ʯ̹⻪һֻãϸİٿűʯǶϣѤöĿ

䥿һֿ̣壬ζ

Ҳ֪ԼΪʲôͬʱֻӡȲԸ˳˳ϽΪӲҲĸף
˵ףˡ

صɻȥȴ䥳ԼһЦ΢΢𣬴֣Ǽطȴм־Ķǵ

ս㾹ÿô岻һ

ûعѾֻľ˫ֵݸˣǡ

Ҳ˴ΣǴҷ緶

ﰵͷõȴɵþ졣

Сڽ帻гȻʶóⲻľͷһ㣬Ϊ骽㣬ѰѰһСҪǧⷢȻһ壬ȻǴһȡģ֪ǴǶһˡ
˵ͷϵĺ챦ʯɫīڣȴǰڻʺмŵĻҪͨ͸

ƷƾռУôϡ

˰˼ΪϺ

ÿֻȴ䥲Ըö͵ģҲԵΪ١

бϣʸ¡

ʵ̲סŮ䥶ķ˭͵ģ֪𣿡

ʹˣû˵νʼ磬ڵģҲϣԼİɡĸҲҪҿŵͦġ

죬ɸֵصŮһۣվʲôҲû˵

-

שǽŴԺڳ͢س壬˴լԺңҲɿĸۡ

ֻԽŻԴ󿪣ﲻΨһս飬Ҳ̽ãżҲҾš

ǴܵһȨ£ϲ˽լ



ʱսǰС͵Ⱥ򣬴򿪲ȥ

Ѱ˼ӭͶţΨз䷽вţ˿ϲ˾衣

ʱϰߣûʲô޽¥Ҫš

ӣҪȥɣ

¥Ũüһţʱǹ𣬡ҽȥ

ӡ

ˣȻȥһʱҡ

¥Դɥǡ

̷Ķū鷿ǰˡ

ʱûŽȥֻľҾ٣븸ˡ

ͷ֪ʲôҵϣȻֵڵϣƬ

ŸҸֽ𣿡

ʱδ䣬ƿŽȥתľºϣǰǧǶӵĴϢŭ

ϲŭ壬תһϣߵһԵȥ
ӣ㻹֪ԼǸʲôݣ˿㣣






16.     Ҫˣ

Ŵգ΢ӻײɫ۽֡

ʱԭأͷصؿĵϣӲң

ϲĿ£˵ӣʱᣬæǰΪ裬һߡ

ڣϲЩֲôŸŹˡ

ʱæֹ£ǶӵϢŭ

ţеТġ˵ţϲȴϣѹȥ

ռҹô£

ظ׵ĻӡռҵлԼҪǡ

ϲصӣͷʲôˣ㾹£

ʱҶԣֻףϸܵĺ顣

ϲ۴ڽռҹع㣬ʲôҲФģΪ¼˶࿴һ۾Ͷģ˻룬ǲ֪ô

ףʱ͵̧ͷ¶ӶνΨд£òá

ãǳӲˣԼ˭ǵˡϲŭЦ߿ֺݺݵظ˺üţ㲻ǻʼҵһҰ֧ʹʲô͵ʲôͬʳԣҿǲҪˣ

ʱҧĬصţȴʼղɿڡ

ߴˣϲһߺ˿ڲ裬ȥռҰѻˣʲôҲһȥӴͬռ޸ϵФ벻Ķ

ʱֻŻʹȥͷ

Ҳȥáð˷ϲϸüһ۵ɵϴ󣬡ۼǴˣԭΪ˳Ĺû뵽ôҲ졣ղָʹ͸棬Ҫˣ

ΣҲֵĶֽյӹȥʱܣǱһӣѪ˳յ

ϢŭһƬ֮ģؿɼʱ°ݣΨд˽ģ׳ȫ

-

¥ûȥڲűߡ

ͥ䣬·ΪǲϸĪڴ˴ͣȥⱻСǼȨºͳ˾ϡ

¥Цãֻ˵Լڴ˵ˣЩ˼ȰҲˡ

һʱ󣬲ſ˸ӣūһڵϣȻˣɽŹص

¥æǰʱǴѪһƬʪֲǺѪ

ءͦ硣

¥ɥÿ˾ĸۡҪһˣ߶߲ȥҿɲóô

˵ս˷ϣһϻҩó׼ȴ֡

æռǱߡôˣ

ˣ˼ҹء

¥ӹȻ˷ȥչûҪԾõ͵ӡ



ʱǳǳһЦͷĽ־֡

-  

L磬爵ʱһǳ͢¡

ϾҪԲͬһü䥵ֻһˣ˵˵Ҫ

ϴ֣˱ǼģߣңûûˡŸȴԣԭȵǳ̣Ӧ񣬿˵аңѹźá

ˣʷ飬˵ͳ˾²ŭʾͷΪֹֻҪɱʱࡣ

ʵ۳Ŷʱ˼ǻƵĵزó˺ӳϸ˳ȥҪž˼

û˸ҳŶʱ˵Щ£жļɵҲԽ

Ȼˣǿжഢʳ̫Ѩǡ

ںֵС˵㣬ˣ̫ƽʢģѿֵҲȥˣҲֻһʱ

ȴûοȻüͷ

˻֪֪ġ֮㸲ȻǿصԵʣԭ򣬻ⳡˮ֡

˵Ѿȥȴ֪ΪΣһֱûƽҾ֡ϵСƽݱΪ˻һ·ϣֱָܡ

⻼֮£ܻҾǨֻ룬ӷ򸾻һѴջٹҡ

мӣҪʣòȰ棬ҲֻգҪΪ˼Ҳ׼һЩ

ţ̲ס̫Ѩ

ͷҸ˵ܲţûŻҡҡͷ

䥷ƽȥ£һʱ㵽̫òŻ

ȡЦ䣬ͷ˼ſ

ҩȲһɡ

һĺӵݸҪӣȴһȥ

ҵĸԹԣ˲¶డôصĺӾװҩͣζش򿪺ӣͷŸССĴƿ˵ҹﶼһ·ˣôڲó

ҩǸոպ¥ͣϢʱ͹ģҪܿ˽䥣ɹŲߣҪǼʵܣҲôó

֧֧ᣬȵ䥡

ƮƮصһֵˣΪʲôҾǡ

̯֣ڨڨؽӽּüŪ۵ʵ˭͵ģļҵĹӣϻصķҲ͵ģ

䥲԰ҩĨˣʱ滺ࡣ

˴󷽣̷ݣҲŹӡָ㣬ҵѾɻ飬˼ûɻֻʣˡȻɥ꣬㲻ҪȥҰɣŮɱǻ꣡

ʲôأ䥴֡

Ҳ֪ܣƤЦȥǵ˭С˵һ˵

䥱Ƶ޷Ц⣬ԥԥҲʶģǡ

û˵ڣͣѾԹæ죬˿ڳʱγģֻ¹òĵ̾һ

-

յĳ;棬񣬺ú׼ġʵ۰Žңڹһֱи֣òԹҹȾٰһ硣

ʵ۰֣˵ʡ̫Ҳ˲ű

춯ӯӯС˺輧·ûܹ۳Ͷ٣ո߳䷭ɣ˳УĿת

һϣʵĴãƴ޵ãܺãͣ

ϲԸ˴ֵʥˣҲѹĴһࡣ

ʵЦŵͷʺȴһЦ˾˵ĲĴȷ࣬ศɡ檿֣ȴδЩ
ӲЩĩͬʵҲһ˵һȥԻʵ۲ɵʺЩҲо

о۲ϣֻöˣҲЩᡣʺʩһ񣬡ãõģЩԱȡ

ʵ°ͣûʺд˸̾λң֪ʺԸ

ʺЦǫѷ䣬Ů£




17.  Ը   һûȻ


θڹŮ󣬿ǰŮϣݼ£Ըʥ念̩

ʵϲø費ܣҲϡ£׼Ĳȡ˽ʵʣֻҪйعƵĴ£Ҳӿ

ֻΪ˵ŮҪڹ֮գ뵽ԶһƬģԷȴ֮飬һЩѰζ

ʵ۲ǶĿˣҲȻ֪и˵뷨ζؿ˿ʺΣֿɫĹ˷򸾺ͶӣЩЦ

ǳ嶯ҡҡͷɿһᶨΣֲЩϧº͵ա

˰軵ʺ͹٣δһݣŮ׳ˡ

˵ˣүмФƣҲһԼʺķĿ

ĿתԹһ۶ӣԷֻŵͷƣֶ˼ʧ

ңһһﴫ鹬ҡ

似䲢ʺ˵ã̫֮ʦǲЩһˡϾŮ˼ѵмɡ

ģ飬ϱ۴˷򸾣˵ɫԽڣֿӣóԳԡúȺȣΪ

һգεͷ񣬻ʵȻǴַͣḻϲЩ

ʺȴݣ£˵˸߽֮ֻʹЩʧ¡

ʺ󿴣Ӧأ

ȲùȴҲǲʳʺԼҪʲôʹ͡

͵ҪһԸˡ

ʵֻۣʵӣȷҪô

ӲϲΣ䥣ʺ֪ġֻǰͷ䥼ǣϸȴܾҪΪʺԸġ

УͬһǸģ㳹ʧ˶ԶӺլƿأΨֶŮִҲãʵġ

һһǳ˶ӵĴʲô£ҲѲá

ʺ̬ȣʵҲò棬ͷʺԣŮҪʲôʹͣԼ˵ɡ

һжͬ˵õһۣԳֻԸҡ

οӣԾͬԼ˼ҹһ㣬£Ȼһһĺӡ

ֻԼ桢ȫˣȴǵòһһ˿

һת̬ȣҪκúôڼͬӳ׸ϯ˷Ҳ˵ԼҵŮޣ˼ҷαȥ

ǲġ

ۼ۲ѧⲻ䥣òҲ䥸ǧ¶ӱֶԣֻҪõദȥȻܷԼĺô

ߵһͻȻȷˡ

ʥϴͻ飬ͬƻ죬ֻöӸԼƾʥ븮ȴʥҪԼ顣

壬룬ֻΪһ˵檡

ֵ

ʺߴٵζ˵ʲôԸǶܰʵ֡

οһۻʺֿ˿˷򸾣ٿһ޶ԵĶӡ

뵣ȴᶨ

Ůռҹ٣ǰδҼʶԸ׼óŮһչ

֮űռҴĩϯǰͷֶ޹ء

ѵд˵ʢᣬĴʶҲǰ붮˵˼Ͳͷúעء

ҷӭͬ˵̸ѹ⹬ΣֻŵͷԹӡԹǰʱ˶һ

̲סʵռҹۼ֪˵ĸ

һۣȻ䥡

ȷͷñټȻֻ䥡

ɼŮֻ̹壬ŹþӣҲѧٵģ䥸ŹŮѧ飬Ҳ֪˼ҿϲרΪ䥿һſΡ

ĵЩţʱʶקסвУ

ԽıǶΪƼҵĵĸԼŮ᲻ٶã⵱ʲôĸס

üҰûˣŵĹҲǲͬɫ

ĸ׷ġ֣Ź񣬸ǰȥ

-

վһһԲ˷򸾵ɫÿЩµĻ׹۷׷ףڻʼҹϣǲᡣ

ʵʺûнͣ˺ܿԷذ

ӽʺмƣ޴󷽵òǾѵõˡ
Уȴһˣһ̾һԼᶨΪӡ

ɼ䥲ףǲΪɫԣѱԵͷת

ǰŮӣɫϸףڷŨڣٶˡһȣ۲ˮ΢һܿȥ

ɫȣѵõһȣߣȴУһ͸̩Ȼ  

⾲Уһߵǰͷֹһ©ûһ˿²··ǰ߹ǧΣѽһġ

Ů䥣ݼ£ݼʺ

ȴһ˿֮⣬ɿһ䲻֪ʶˡ˲ɺĹռҾϲﲻ˼

ǰͷ飬ѼԵͬ˵ʵƳ˶һۣ¶ǣһסӣҡҡͷ

ռŮҹһԸȴҲǿбȣ㻽ʣԸգ

ȴûӦ𣬶ǵʥϣŮһ֮롣

ʵʾڡ

Ҹ󣬲ȱռ䲻Թ󣬵ñ±ӣҲʳ㡣䥵Ȼоʹ֪ͣɷ׼ҲóŮԼʹͣ

һûȻ

˵Եģ˵֮ϣԼ͵ģԼʹ͡

ʵ۽ԣӦ⻰ʱ˵ҪƩҪӹٽʵ۸ò㣿

һѸо졣ʱֻؿŮӣĿһǰ

ʵ౻ʵһ㶡

˵ǺеˣЦݵøãޱض͡

һŵ䥶ģתߵٺ

ͩ棬ľΪףͨᣬǳĴϵľ١

ͬһ㣬ڼڹ֮գʱģҲǴ٣Ҳһˡ

Ϊ鶯ˣʺѡһȴپǷˡ

飬֪ԼƣֻҲᱯɡ

Ϊʵ۸ɴӡһپþòֶ֣Щɻ򸾸ǼĨΨйЦ

ãЦʲôأ

򴽣ס飬Ц۸ˣȴҪ۸ˡ

ŹμգʱѧжУǰ֮˱ػ֪ʽΪʽɫ֮꣬֡

Էˡ࣬ת㡣

ḧ棬̧֡Ǽʶ

ΪͬҪݡˡԴ˷֪˼ոߵͣ˸ͷȻһӡ
һˮ






18.  ʹ   ٰݵλˣС


ʱͻȪʯֺӿƲɵ뺣κˣƽΨ졣

¾ۣ߶ŮЩģ롶ˮĿľȴá

ڳ֮޲ϰգбģҲǶѬգֱܷóûθרն꣬

ˡ鰮ˮȴȻɽˮأмֵ֪ϲ

Уλ𣬳ѧʱбҪߡСųܹŲԸѧĸûж˵ʲôֻ²ңֵһóˡ

Ӵٿ֣ҧѧ۵ָĥ˼ӣҲĥƣӲļ롣Ҳĸ׵ӣ⡶ˮ

ۼգŲ䥰֣֮һȴҪġˮȣǰͷݵġˡھϣһ㡣

Ҫ䥵ڳ󣬿صѡ˴ȴҪѧٶȴ٣һ˷ϡ

һϣ½ԼšԭȻ㷲⣬ٿҲһԵá

䥱ȴֻһԣɫƽϹ˵ѵʾ

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ۿͨ죬лмְڣʾ

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ϲһ˦Ц˼䣺ҹﲻǹ֮Ůдҷ緶ء

ʵҲصͷʧȣ˵үŮз಼æлһľ

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⻰һˮν͹Ҳ˲ס׵ļӣ׷

ĸ֮ý֮ԣռŮǷˣ˴治˿֮ԣ
ռνŻ뾭ѵŮ
粻Ҳǡ

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Ƕ֪䥣˳˳˻ӸҲͰˣɿΣȴΣŮġ

ʵ۵˵׼δӶпܳΪķλռҹүҲȻΪӵжд̡

ֶĲһңæ׷׸͡Ҳ˵ʥϽԣ޹ع޹سã˵Ҫ䥣͸ʹ͡

۲ݣӽ䥣ɫζʱоƣ²ؼ

ٰݵλˣСŮԱ硣

ϲŻʵ۵ɫСʥϣ⡭

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ʥŮҷֻдû¡䥵ԷڳŮŮ಻ԸʥּЮǿˡ

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ռŮԣ֮ˣʵζʵȻˣΪβֱּҪͻ飿

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ڵҪͻˣﻹʲôģ䥴˾ٷǱɡ

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䥵ɷŮˣʥϴշиڿҶԵʡ

˵Ĺûʣ˶ʮʮĳһʱŭģԵ

ˣæסŭɻûأһռҵĹעЩаգ

ģȰܣʵǻϽ͡δ͸Ҫֻ֮º޲ͬռ

ֳǸ걻ӣռճӵ֣ȴҪڶμҳµĵϣϸŸμ飬۲ռҡ

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ɫڣæؿڸ˳Ҳһǣ½ǣǵŸס

䥳Ĭؿ⸱棬ֻһ˿Ц

Ů޶ۣĸʾŮкβףʥ˺ѵռ֮ң

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ΣΣʮ꣬˼֪֪ҡһתͷҽլи㣬ͽĺŮ

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ʱõʵ׼һߵĻԥΣڻʣҲӡ

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21.  Ӯ   Ψһֻжӡ


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˵Թ֮ʾ
ԣ˻ɲ˵ۿ˵ȥҪҸˣæĻͷ

ˣǰЩӶμƸɼˣüһʮױˮıһգ

Цһﳼ֮󣬲˼ù⾰ǻƣǺôһ档

ֻǿϧռŮٲ±ۣ˶ѡֻҪڶ˳ӡ
ǰ浱˴

һ䣬üⷮ¥ǸúúùܹˣЩ˵ʲô˵Ҳǻ

Ҳ˵˵ˣǰ񣬺αҪͬǼƽϡ

²ԣǱµĿʵ£ôǸǻ졣ðڰ֣ǵˣСôĻ£ҾҲǴ˵ģ

Ҫæ֣˼ҽ㣬δ䵽ʵ˵Ҳ֪ģԷţʵڲҡ

Ҳǰ

˵˵Ҳ֪ͬ˵ˣҲֻһżˡӲƣ˼ͬʺǧ˿ƵĹϵ䥲ҲΪѡ

б䣬ǰ;һƬʣȴǶ֮ҪίڶʱǵȼЩ֣Ǳ۸ǹ

䥵֣ѹҪɥ

䥿ЦãֻģҲûвԸġҾãδҲǸˡ

ʱǻˣ¾;֮ˡ

˵ÿ仰ڰοԼܵýֻùҶ

俴Ųŵʵзִ硣Ѿ£޷ı䣬㲻ٿտȰЩʲôҲֻ䥻ڵ׼

Ϲ֣˵²еиӡ

ôþ

ĩβ˵С£ѱҪˡ

ͬʱһġ񳯾ֶ䣬ӻʲôž콫鶨
Ӣһֱ߷ߣίԼáǰŴͳݲóҪȥͳ˾Ҷʱˡ

ٽԺѳţֳЩлɫ˲

ʱʵ̲סĵС㵱ˣԺǻࡣ

İɣˡдδǳһЦ˻вأѾˡ

ƶǶȥˣһߣҲ˶Զʱʳͬ⡣

㵱ˣ

ʱǡ




22.     Ϊغ͵ȯ


, ̿ϴвľʢֹ, 䡣

ʱڳǰ, ˫Ŀ΢, ɫǸΡ

֮˴ż²ɵ, 룬ȧǼ, һ̱ǵаؾ, Ƕʱĸɵ, ͳ˾˾ϲ

öʱĻش̾һ, ūǰֻ̤ײ, ЩϣҲȰ䡣ǰ·δδ, ʱڶŮ鳤ʵǡ

ϲص̾˿

ʱ, Ҿɷˣǵóշڹ, ľ档ΪֶӳΪ»ȫ

ϲæܿһݣңûй, ūбĻᣡ

ʮǰϲֻ֣Ǹ԰ɨСţΪݵ˹˼ۣ˶ʼɣݺݾ
ǽ͵ĶСţһһѰȥֻСŻ׹Ҳ֪

ʱȴôΪμҰʱУ书ʧ󲡲ǳϲðΣգȣ˵֮ʱѾ
Ϊӣͬվһϣֵ˾ְ֮ǱĶˡ

˻˵Ȼ֡ϲͷֽת˻ȥ

Ӳūǲò˵ӿΪ֮£ȫİգ˵һ³ɣȻá°ܣռôΣչԴ

ʱĬƬ̣˵Ҷֻǣֻд£˽ġҲԸ

û˵ȥϲʲô׵أ

ԸܿίԸٴռǸطԸίڶӣҲԸˡ

ϲĳ˳ǶʱֻΪɫԣһйȰأֶģôȰ˵Ҳǵ˵Ļ

ˣǲòѵռҹܵù㿴أĸռŮ֪֮飿

ʱͷңӵ˼

ǲ֪ˡ

ˣˣǡϲҡҡͷ˶࣬٣ϲū棬ףܵóԸɡ

-

ڶʵ̫òձùǰǰ׼ǳ̵ʱͳʮգТϲҲûôϵġ

Ҫϵ˼䥼ҪǸɴҲԼˡɱϾǶʱλȨأﲻֱ֪ݺݽѵȻ鲻ԸűӲٰ˻¡

ǰҹ¹ʣȺ貣Щ˯ţûƣ·Ժɢ

ռҸ˺ӵˣϰףЩҪһҹյԺӶõģǸξУҲ޹һˡ

ʱû⼸̧ƸҲûյĻκʹֻһʥּһСΣ;һ

أԷŴȴһϲˡ

ﻹδ˯أãһЩҪͬ㽻ء

мΣ˯ǰͻûи䥽̹ء˱ܻͼ޵УΪˣȴҡͷҹذúĸ¡

䥲͸һ㣬Թ൱˺ƤȴҪϰϵ飬ʵǡ֪ν̡

ϱŤŤ߽ͬңóܻͼϸһҲΣˡ

ΪĸŮʮˣƽ͵ؽ̸ͷһء

ϰˣȴûߣͤͤӣռʱΡ
ʱᣬ֪ҪʮֲޣòʣӢʮŮŴɰһл

𼸷ĸ׵㯣̾ҳʱ㻹٣Ѿôˡ

ȴһ

Ůлĸ׶֮ز

Ǳ̬ȴˣվʲô˼ҿСʳסһҲٰģյĴҲΪѾͷôһҲ֪ж

鲻䣬ĸϢŭĸһУŮģضʱʱĶ顣

˵Ưȴ䵭ڳҲǸﰡհȥɣ
˵ȥǲɢ

һشϣЦһ

ΪңԭĶŮһͬʾͰˣֳ壬ζǰţܻ졣

ȴҪڴĸĿˡ

źǷ߽ôˣµġ

ҡҡͷûʲôȥ˯ɣմеæء

-

֮󣬾μȢΡ

ʮߣ˵෴ӣգѵõĺ

ϰ̨ļױĺ̴ӸڻκͷγһɫϪһ·ռθ˴ͳ˾ָʹŴͷʤڸͷϣԴŵЦ⣬üб޷顣

֣ڶθͣ£Щȶסɱ񣬱СЦżߣ̴ӸߺһΣǽӱȵ˵ϡ

ռŮò϶ܹ÷תĶҲΪ֮ģ鳼ʱðҲҪȢؼҡֵ໥¥ĸϣһŮӵò

ձϯ̵أ棬ŮĲ˽Ρͷ̽ԣײƼò

⡢ռŮȻǡ
һ˽ӵɫ㣬ɫ㣡

ˣ⻢ѣǡϧˡ
Ҳ˵μҵź˵Ǹ˵ġ
ٺܱȵ϶𣡡

Χӵͬ޹أ̤ձϯȴԵûĵ̧ۿȥ

ʱ񣬱һ۾ѣ˼ЦЦ̤θ

˵ʱԸӲڳΪ٣ִȨҪʸҲ٣ԵصıռԺӣͥС

˴ӵ˰ãҪ붴ʱȴ˸ߺйˣλȼɣ

ȥȴǰ˵˲ĳϲմϵƵ̷Ǵˡ

ϲǸЦӣδˣּ»飬ɻǵðذ죬ּɡ

ʱ˰㰸˸°ݡСʥּϲ

ʥּǰδ廪Լʱ壬Ϳ๦ߡһ߹˳һ߰Цȴһ

Ϊغ͵ȯմˡ

Сʥּϲһ˦̵κүּɡ

л¡ʱƲȣӹʥּɵ࣬ºȱˮƣ

˶ӣϲû˵ʲôֻúð£ҪΣºƺƵˡ

ּ⣬ʱҲûʲô̫ķӦֻ˽ʥּͬȯȥù񣬷·ʲôҲû

λ˶һӾը˵͹Ƶģ˳£׷






23.     һſģ䵽ʵ

, ݾʱһ֮ڣɾѰҲĴ, һ׵ƺҲȾϼϲɫ

Ǯʹ֮, ϲҲЩġ

ɾͬӺ١˸Դӷǣһ, ȫǰú, ˽ΪͬģΪá

˶˳Ʊ, òʴһ𣬡ɾͬӽ

ʱ˹, һƵݸ, һͬ˱䥲ƣǺÿ˼, ˫΢, ǵ˶Ц

ѱϣͷ˸ţúүϽȥ, Ծӵһ˫͸ʵ, ߴӵ

ʱڵţֹȥģЪ, ʲô˼ɣȥǰͷ͡

΢΢ͷǷģͬȥǰˡ

ӣȸ°ɣ

á̧, ͬǰһ

ɻõĹǶμǰģ˿ǶԶԶȥһƬҫʶĿӳʱڣ˼ص·һֱˮδ۵ÿιȥˡ

ͬƽһһж鲻Խһ˶һۣ̲סЦ

ΣƸ̾˳˳ؼ޹ҲһһƷûбõˡ
ͷͷۿ΢죬Ҳһģ

䥲ʧЦǶ˵ıӣǵǻ飬һĿڸĵô졣˵ǸЩĹӷĶˣ

һֱŹϻӣʱ֪ŵȥˣ˸ʲɫĹϻӻͷһʱѰš

鱻죬һŮ̽ūҶӣ˵ǰҪһӣͷӾõȡʲôԸܻ˱ǡ
˵̷ϣͷ˸ʽСˣڵģɱӲĹǿˡ

Цǰӹˡ

Ҷҡҡͷ˸£ֺϲš

ܵиˡЦȻһԴ

˵ʲôõȣ˭ϡƵġ

ԭеļֻ̻ҲƽЦ֣һ˫۱⻹Ҫ֡

-

ʱ¹سֵ˿ԸľλͷأǰЦһζӭϦȴû˸ӡ

ϯ֮˷˵ͷ˼ңȴûٶżӣ۵ӣоС˶١Ψ¸¬ڣȻ˼ˮơ

ǰͷӳ䥴÷зڹһǲԸ˳⣬ʵ˭䥷Ǿ˶ӵ

ӵƣ˭˲ܼռŮΨжʱȢ˶ΪǵΣȴû뵽˼гŻʵ۳ţηӡ

׮°üȴ붯Ѯ¬ý¬Ϸ޺ûʵ۾أϯϲǿϲġ
ʵּ뾭¸ˣλ¬ҲϢӦ׮ý

ţʱһϲλ񣬱ƴǡ

ϲү»飬үϲ

úϣúϣ

үǰʲô֮µĲǣ

ү

쳤˲Ҫƣʱȴߵ¬ǰ

ѧл֮顣ʱһҾ

һ

¬ȵүױʵ״Ԫɣѧ峵ڿεģ˹еĶλ֮ⲻ롣

ʱǶӻĻӵİܳ¬һȫΪǳĶӣĸ׶β¹պս

вµʵغ¬ϵѧ⡭

첻󣬵ǵˡ

غĸϣ

ʱһս޸˵Ǹ֮ӡⶨغָܸĶأʵϵ׻мôѣֻ˵֮ⲻɲ⡣

Ż۵Ȼ죬ȴϢġ

մմ˵ϲʲôﲻġ¬̧̧üëξ۵ףһתȳΪʦұһ䡣һģĲݡǡ

ʱδ䣬֣صһݣѧ̣ܽصʱʱġ

¬Ц˵˼޺೤ףһƺ󣬱˵Լˣǰˡ

ʱԽ͵ǰãתͶõС

ϲϾϲ磬ﻳʲô⣬־ƹ󣬶ֻŸˡʱ˲Ź˼̳Ӿƣ˸

ʱҹˣ䥳ɢԴŴȵѾ˯ˡ

ʱ˽ŲҪ䥣ȴֹ

޷ҲһˣúЪŰɡ

һ˯ңӻδ档

ʱʾ£ˮ

ȻԼҹͬѾɻ飬ĵ׻е㷢Խˮ֮뿪ˡ

΢΢ͷü˯úܲϻǦۺ֬;ɵٸֳ۵ɫ

ᱧ𣬷Ž࣬šӣһһжȥױ¶ԭò
꣬ŸչüͷŷԼŨصľҲźԹԵߵ¡

һѲ֪ʲôʱܾĵģֻȼձųž

ʱڴ£ͷ䥣ۼˣ˯ʱҲŴձ΢΢˼

գǱҲЦһſģ䵽ʵ

-

ͣĿĹ͸ʣվǽ˯е˻ѡ

ڱãڱȵòòʲôʱˣ

ʱˣӣ˵磬ЪЪġ

ڴһԼѾˡ

ǣ˵ûµĴ˲֪ʲôʱʲôʱߵģȫ֪

ʱû»һտɲ˿Цƿױ

μ⣬ʱ֮ĸڹگɼլҲɸɾͨҶޣһŮҲΪųﱸ£Ÿղġ

ݳҲڵǳƽܶβǣŵţ䣬ɼ

ӻĽǶȿʱͬ䥣ⲨܵľѰľ֧ӺõĽǶ룬θУ˶ʱ

ŸţҶȴӣǰͷڹٴ˵ʹͣǰȥ

շʥּ£ʲôʹҲһˣôղͣ

ɻʵΡأںδôȥҪȥּ

δʱѾһʥּ˵ҪҪ¡

˵ʲôҪ£

Ҷҡҡͷȴôֻ֪˵ͬϵĻйءվ͸ٵģżϲ£ϵա

ܹʲôƷףջޣʱոձֱگ빬ɼС¡

˵ͬйأǱȻǽϼĵϢ治סˡ

塢˻ƹǨ

龰һ˲ȫӿǰᣬ亹ܲͷѣҪȥ




24.     ֮Ļ


Ͱ˱, ڹȣŴԴ򿪣ˬķ紩öʵ۸, , һԲ, λ󳼹ű, סĨ

ѿҲȥ, Ϊôˣϻǲϱ飿, ˾ôµģ

Ľܿһ, ⡭ֵǮͷַȥ, ֻ̫˻, Ǯһʱ͡

Żּ̫ѵÿһΣÿһξһλ𡣽϶, ˮũʹܿ, ôˮƫָ̫Ȳ˻ô֣һҲûʣ£

Ǹջعļʷ, ǰּȥ֮أۼֻĻʮݵĲٿһƬƽ⼤ߡ

⻰ָб˽ңĽ۵Բ, ָսģ˵עЩ̫ʧ⣬һӦ˵ȶѱã౨ѳʱ¡ʥвɱ˵С֮ɱΣ

ȻҪֻȥ£ûʵֱü

ˣ˦ǰʲô޵İܿ࣬Ⱥٺ»ֻ֪ܣ

Ľʹ˸ɫ⣬аݵϢŭˣ֮ǾֵĶԲ߳Ǯֻܽһʱ֮ؼҪЩʳְյԹǡ

ǴƷ˾ũ䣬˵ֻôҲֲһһͬ˾ũϢϢأصи˳˵ǶʱɣʱݲͬĵλҲˮǴߣĽܴҲΪڶʱǰ

ȻԼԭȻֻһԱ۲ԵĶʱҲͶĿ⡣

⻰ʵŭδƽ࣬кߣ

ȻʱѾ˵

£֣֮أ΢Ჾֿ˽˵౨ԣ˴ǣ㣬ʮҲںԾ֮

ŭУٻ֪ϰյ࣡

Ҫ˵ȴϣˣ౨дأձŲʱģ

ü౨ʽ

ˡг񣬡мڽʳǸգΪȴ˲ŸϽͶѣǮȡʳǱŲأǼд࣬Ա

鷢֮طԱϱ֣˾ũ±ݹԱݸ֡ݸֲ೯͢лֲ̫֣顣

ǮַȥƶũȻǮȻ˽ȴ˷ݶ

ʳתٸǮЩ±˷Լ͵ȻҪ顣

һʮּ֡

飬£ʮݣôãܷ˻С£ֻȥݱߡǳ֮ʱзǳ֮ɱǰȥм֮

νзǽ˻Ϊȣһһθֻ裻е߲Ҳ裻ƶ߳Ǯƶ߽ܼ

˷ǰûʵй𸻻棬⵽ɱҪǿ

Ľֻ֪а취֪İ취ϸ֮أϵ̸ڣļŻǻ׹ݣҸ˰࣬ТҲ࣬ǵĸ¾ǵȨҲǣ

ŶԲߣǴϲ˷Уֻмз˳ûֻ̧ۣ¡

Ц£ǲصؽϺ̧ߣǴĲɱһӰپǡ

ʱü΢ȴʲôҲû˵

ʵ۳һԵȴѾõĶӵ٣ô

շµһԼ֮±Ǩŭȴͬ취

ʣ˷ȻЩֲڣϸڻȲˣԡ

ʵ°룬Ըȥˣⶩ³̳ʽԼ׼Ƴɹ⣬ǲⶽ֮˲Լ

²߶˶˿Ҫ롣

һʷͻȻУ£ϼ֮´ܣҲĻ̻̣µĲǡ

ʵ̧̧üëµؿһ۶ӣʷǽ٣ʥŨһʸ֮ˡ

⻰ȴǳԶӵ⣬æеʴﶦʢޱ֮Ӵܣкοɾ壬򲻿Ŵ˵Ⱥ

˵ֵʷǰ״ȥ

ʷ޴룬ֻأϢŭϢŭⶼ΢θ֮ԣˡ

ʵ۵ûЦݸЩ

ٲż޿˵ͦе

ʷʿˮӵгڣƷвΪ̫ӣܰóϷ

ģ¿ͷʣ֮ǸʥĶϣ๡󸸻ٽ˸ϳ⣬¼ã

ڳĶ࣬޶ֱȴǿʵ¡Ҳ˵ӵ²ż汸ʮǫѷȷõ̫ѡ

亹乣ѣ˶Ϊڼƴǣøˡ

Ψжʱ̩ɽһж޹ء

ʵ۱㻽䣬ʷ֮ԣд£

ͳ˾Ϊʵ۶ĿдҲϡ棬ʱʵȷԣնԽĶࡣ

㿴ӲʿɿΣ

֪ʵضʱû뵽Ȼ̫ѡҪ˼˰ľӶͷأ罬ȴڴĻش

ʱüϥأ΢ͳ˾ָʹֻʥһ˱ʥĲöϣˡ΢Ҷԡ

⻰лʵ»°͵ͷˣǱΪ̫Ӱɡ
̶仰㶨˼ſڽࣺʡ

ʵȴǺܸ˵ӣʾɢࡣ֮Ļ

-

ôˣôôູ

ס䥣ùϸϸҶﲻæֻôԭأֽŶ֪ķš

䥴˼عҶȥǰùһ

Ҷţס֣ȥϣƹȫЪҵ⣬ǷģǮǵġ

һӦֻʵ֮ǰϰ¡

ˣص꣬ʣֻװû˾ǡ⣬㿴궫ԿҲջ

ͷתȥˡ

ͷԣʵղŴ飬ôڱҪżЩ£Ǳ֪ˡ

Ҳ޷Ҫˣﻹ˵ʲô

кʵ鴫ʱȴ֪Ϊǰ˺ü¡֪һϢ뾩ұȻҪڻʳʹ׼۸ǣӵĸۡҪ

ǰΪ˶ĿҴƥֻµ̧߼۸ƳֶŽһЩ

ϢѾ뾩ֻ¾Ǽģ˽ǰֻܸϽ˹صꡣ
ԭȵļƻƣ׼Ա

ѵһξҪʽĥô

䥳ױ̨侲һҵͷ۹ȥ֮󣬲¡

ǰйй͵ء




25.     Ѿӣڼȡ

й˾õ, Ÿ¶Щʱʵʧ񡣡

䥴ԺһǻȻ, ĶĻ, ܵӽӼ, ū澵ĸء

˿һ, С˵⣬»ϲ, ǲôţйүͿ๦, صظŻǰ, Īū澾֮

óλã, Ǽվǰ, Ӻúÿ

ԭվһŮӣ򶼴طۣһۿȥֻų߳ŷ, ãݸͬ, ò

ЩŮӱǹĺ

䥻⸮Ա򵥣˼ղ֮ûŮ졣˭֪»ڶ, ҪʱŮˡ

ĵ΢ڹδЯʥּⲢǻʵ۵˼ֻʵͷй࣬λࡣ֪λ, ôһ

»ŮˣСŽӵʱ֪ð죬̬ºͣһӣ¶˵ˡ֮˱Ƕκүĸɵ

ϲ

䥲üΪǻʺųصЩȴû뵽ǳϲֱʡ

ϲӸλͬʱиּ֣ʱҲˣʱλɵΪ𾴡

ЩǺ񣬳֮Ͳɴǣһʱ˳ϲֻ»ʱ鷳

Сֹά˼䣬ͻȻɫԣһת͵ūҲöȻȥˡ

γѣæƸǮҲŸвϤ񣬱㲻йˣйС

ﲻˣϾʹЩóǮӵݸСš

ǣ⼸·ū澻ϵõġ

Ϊ˲²ҲѲƤû뵽ϺǸԵģ鶼СסǮһתЦҲЩģŵĨ;ˡ

СˣЩŮӶʮվǰͷչⶼڵ롣

Щ⣬żڲÿڣֻƵƵʾ⣬ɵ۽Ƕˡ

ãڵҶҲ󶮸ĹأҲ̫֪³̡ԺпӹλЪϢ

ҶӣԺȷмݣֻǻ˴ɨ

Ǳ鷳˴ɨһúðüλ

䣬ҶҪʮŮȥԺȴһ˸Եȣ鷳סģūڶסͿɣȽԼطַź򡣡

һ㶣ҲûСŸǰıģ
ԼǹģȲҪλ

ЦЦλǹĹͣθٺᣬҲøλȥסͲܣ¡Ҷȥɡ

ҶӦ£ͷ֮˻Ҫ֣ͬ䥵ɫˣ

˭Ҳû뵽Ƶǵ

ȣ䥵ƽԵЩѰ޷δ˵

-

ʱʽҪȥδüģҪ˵ͳ˾ͻȻԼѾɻˡ

Ѿӣڼ

һůлЩ˷ܣʱºظȥһ˷¥

·ȥ¥ŻصθѾ˳Էʱ˵һֱţʱ룬ûݣʳֱȥ

ԭشãæӭˣôû·

·ȥЩ˵㻹δ÷ȹʱЦһ£ǲ˼ʳзϣóͷӣҼںãӦȵģȵһ档˵˿ȥ

ŶʱҲδ÷䥱ûУԼһӣҼԡ

˵СʱʮְӣҼ壬ֻʱδƹµĶͷûʲôᣬˣͷԣˣôˡ

ⶫ壬ǿڣʱһȴÿڵһȥ



ϲ㲻ãǿԼʱɫ࣬ԾºͣŵȴǱƵġ

ؿ䥣⸮㲻ؿκ˵ɫʲôʲôֻԼ⡣ʲôҲ㡣

Ҳãǽյ񡱵¸˵˰˺Ժ

һƬģΪϱøмҲĴʼɣֻ»ڶձˣվϿȥЩ㷣Щ

ףʱӦ˵ǳϲ

˽£³ϲһ죬˵ǶʱһֱûˣլЩ˽ȥûôԣҲ䥵һ¡
һû˵ʱҲܲµǾöʱù飬Ҫܰ˼ϡ

ֻû뵽ϲ˵ˣôͷҲû뵽䥵֪£ķӦ

롭

ʱĽȥֱʣЩϾҪ÷ˣҡȥ£

·ǽƲ˰ʼȡʱ˼죬Щʳ֪ζ

Թʱ˵ЩԼȥ鷿ֻһԺ

ƼղԣȰӣ»ڶգô˵ȥˣǳɫˣ˵ġ

ҡ˵ʲôˣ䥲⡣

ӷǻûʲô⣬ˡֱԣֵ̫ͬˡ̾ҡҡͷ⣬Ȼͻݴȣи飬ŵĻЩˡ

ЩƱû˵ͬʱδԲ㼱ظҪ檣Ҿʼɡ
ֱƲϵķޣ

˰ʱȻһֱ鷿ûݣҲûǲ˵ȥ

ϴ껻·Ҳû˯ֻڴϸɵţ̨ϵĻ

ƵżƵô¶Ҳһţô˸Ƶģ

һ·ţʱ˶Ц˵ʱϸԸǲҪʱҲǼӡ
ôһҹûͽˣ

Ҳ̾䥵ҾȰҪиȵͷұûԡⱾǼС£ţֻ»İ

һ磬˵ЩҲȥˣǲ׶ʱΪ

ɵ͵ģԼһ¼޽ϱԿû֣๵ء˵檡

в檵أһڼҲɹ檵ġǰ˵ԼίҲҪΪ룬ôˡ

ô˵ȷʵܾôţиȵͷձδԲٷԺסúԺǼĵ֣ǿɾ鷳ˡ

½ǣߵ㡭ȥʣ˵ҹѾˣ۾ǻʲô񣬲ֲЩƽ૵ջ٣ưҲôġ

ЦˣҪţȴײ˽ݵĶʱ

ʱüҪʲôȥ

Ļ¶أţҪʲôʱء

˵껰ŷܣʱһ£ɻؿ䥡

ࡣ




26.     䣬Ǿͱһ˯


, ҡҷԶģҹ

, , ҡΪ£

ʱѾϴ, ʾض, е·

ҹ˯磬ʶʲôҲû, ֣Ҫйһȫ

, ҲǼ޹һ, ʱδһŮ˿νĶҹǶϵһƤ, ǻ, ĥ

ùŮٽ̵֪ⲢĶ֮ҲΪʱԴԼ

Щ¡

ʱ߳, һ㷵ӣҲû˵ʲô, ڵһһ߹ȥðɡ

䥽Ӳصͷ˳ӵ˴, ߡ

̧ȥֻ֪ߵĵҲϨˣ˲һƬȻһůʱҲ

Ȼûж

ǡ˯ˣ

䥾һ, ߵȴһֱûʲôٶƽ೤ȷǴʲôҲ

ʶһȴн˵Щһһĵǰ

ѵ

Ϊⳡ£ѾصռңûʲôɺڵģԴԺڶμֻжʱ

ֻǸӣȢǸʣȥԸ˵׵Ҳͨ˼ҡⲮϵѪϾ֪Ϯ׷֦Ȣš

ʱΪƷϺֻǲŸ»鲻ã˶źӵλõŲˡ
˵ԺôģҲǰݵġ

ţ˯ô

ͷʮôˣ

׵ʮĴҹ㣬ЩӾѣοҪȥ
ŴŽȥһֻԴĴ֡

ʱһ£ס֣ʵ𣿡

һˣݵذת

ЦԽˣ˶һţ۾Ҳţ˯ˣʲôҲû

ʱҲʱ붺û˸գֽ˸Ȧͷļ硣
˵ʱżЦ⣬䣬Ǿͱһ˯ůЩ

䥶ȵúܣһ׷

ʱɿ˿ڻﱧһ˵ˣ⸮㲻ؿκ˵ɫκβ¡
ܵͣǲ뾪˭˯ɡ

˵䥵ļ磬Ҫɿ֣ȴץסתɫͨ죬⼸ҪγѪ

ûؿҲûбݹ

ҡ˿ڣȴ֪˵ʲôʱҲߴ٣һ˫һרעؿ

ĿУ¶ģ½ס

˼ԲҲļޡ

ЦҲ𶯣պ޵һѣЦˣ
ԾɷӬе

ʱ̧֣ؿȻ˫ۡ

ȻǱǼ⣬ȻǴǡ

ഥ½ɢңӿ죬˴˵ı챻ƿֱϣ÷ѩأе˺ҧϧذ

˿ҳһţϵȻսʱ̵öǶǺȴᡣ

һȴԽɫףҧÿ졣
ԣæͣ¶Сôˣ

䥲ҰƲסرۣҪʱܲܡ

˱ڻﰲã侲˻ǻ̻ŵģָⶼڲ

Ҳ֪Լôˣ·ģͷȴֲˡ
۰ÿһ缡ƱƱƣҪһУĪ硣

ŶʱеǸΣҡЩ¡

ʱȴһڻͷ££ûµġ

-

˵޴ͷܴβͣûһ˼֮׵ˣͬ

ͬǰźʱŶ˶ˡʱһ˽Լȥѣ䥼ûҲû˵߹ȥˡ

Ҳûʲôصľٶ֪ơ

ջֺͺˣͳ˾κүһһ˵ģмֻ

Ļ˸񣬶ǴЦ⣬Զʱ˼־⡣

Ҫţôֻκã

մһɫֱԽɫȹϲδзĻֻڶԽԵ߲Ƽʯ𸻨ߣۡ
Ϊ˫٣þɵĽӹ̶ãֻһö

ױƺиʽĽʯӣ´ģҲоʱµ˵ױ
УΨһ֧ľӣɫīȥۣȴι⻪

䥲һ֧ʱɷ

ߺݸɶ϶ͭ

ʱǶŷоһ󽫷̶ȥСģŪɢͷŪ

ÿô

ЦˣȻʣֻԲλࡣ

ֻ˵ֶ˹ĥ繣ǹϵãĵ׶ˡֻʱˣԺȺ򣬻ǳ

䥳֮ʱЩ죬ѫ˼ңļûЩ£һ󱻸ùȥϸôŻôš

廹Щ˵죬ӭ׵˼ʱ˵ʵص˵ּʱΪ͵ȯӣЩޡ
ʱǶϺݱҪһȣδ÷ھҲǺӣ۱֣Ҳ

䥴ձƲ˵ҪţǽԼԺ㲻

ǰ͵ģֻһ

ǲӣŸյ֮Ѿ޳ӡϴԼйϷأӲͬ䥵棬ǽܣ˵Ļֱֻù

䥶׵ûʲôøУûʲôֻ֣Ŷи񣬱ڻݶˡ

Ǻ⣬ӰǸʵµġպ˹ٳҪտǡ

ǻ֮ǰŶʱȻսսԱسƴˡֻ˻عͬµĸλͬһأֵʥϼԾͬ
ٻͷʱϺΣҪԼһμҲȻҪռҡ

ʱλƷԱĹ⣬һ޸ţһıò£Լ׵ģֻķݡ

ʱһ֣ص˵Ĳż޵ܣССͱʮأȷǸӡͳ˾Ϊ£ȱ˲š

˵ˣ⻰ɫȻһ̡

ͳ˾ʲôطԴϣ˵£ͷ˾Ǹ̫ࡣͳ˾йְٺ»ȴȥֻͷţҪôҪôһϯ

ʱָʹҪ˭Ҫ˭һ仰£ȥֻռҪˡ






27.     ס֣


֪ʱڳ, ƤϳԿ̶仰㼤ɫͻ䣬ǾЩЦ

̿, Եִֵ

Ͼڹٳ, һ˷粻ĺƤ, л˻, ʶʱԽĿ

ʱüͳ˾ʡ֮, һֻʥ˵ȴµλϾ, ĳþӸλ, ʵûʲô뷨

Ϊͳ˾ָʹھб֪, αǫЦЦ, Ҳû׷ʣϾͳ˾شĺܣҲһ, ûʲôϢ

Ƕʱ˼ǵˣȷһʮֹŹ, ǡ

гˣɣ˶ӡ©ڷ, Ը꣬Ҫӭ̸

ʱ΢΢һЦ䥵֣Եȣȥȥͬȥ鷿

ռ˶, طҲڼԸ໨ѣԴõ鷿̶̼·͵ˡ

鷿Źϣѹ˷ܣʲôϢ

ʱصӣоúЦû¶ֻʵɴطḻ֪нһͼ

ͷһͼó軭ûصǰ㾫ϸҲݷλԻ˳

ʱָһĳ˵Źһ£ںݡ

һҲһ

Ϊʵл˵ǰ㽫伮ͬط౨һһΪ˾ũ䣬˾ְ㵹ǲѡ
ֵǣ֣鼰ʮݣݸϱ⸧Щ౨ȴûкݡ

ھŽŽˮǣݱҲܵӰ졣ʱͼ㼸£Խݡݡݶϱ飬Ψкݣֻʼʱһͨ౨ûϢ

ҳһݵӣӦ˾ũǰ׼ݿֵĵӣͼһһ˶ԣƼŽһݶţͷûкݡ

Ǯ漱Ψкݰ±йŹ֡Щ˷ܣѲɣֵ̫ʳ˵ˣ

̫ʮδдޣҲһѻ˸ɾҪб˽ңȻҪҸط
˵ȴ󰸣ƾݴʷΪͷһΪӿ졣

ʱѹûϵⷽ룬һûӦ⻰ֻ²ʲô£Ƕĳɻδʵ֤вͬ档ҲĪҪ֮¸֮ˡ

ʱ˵ĲֻƬδʵʵ֤㲻ʲôܣֻֻоִ£δע⵽ݵĹŹ֡

֪³ע⵽ʱǰԼҪĻöɸԼҲ˼ˬ졣

ѾͷƽʱƲмͣûʵ۶࿴ۣԼŮҲмô

ʱֵڼ常ĸпǷʮԻڣֻǹìܣ˸Ů֡Ҳ֪ʮ㣬ֻһ

⻰ԭЩɵĳ׷ʱڳеãǻ׹ݣʲô¹سϣֻйԹԵͷķ֡
ֶκ֮ˣȴʾãԭΪŮ֮ۡ

۽ǣԽ⣬ǰүŮҲԽԽ˳ۡ

-

ˣֻʣϺϻڴǰҹ˵Щ뵽ݱԼҪһȣ͸ɴд׼ϯ뿪ˡ

£ŸɴطЩûߵľ˭֪վǰͷ

ֽŲɾūðۼŴƣҲ۸ͷˣ콫ӽ

ס䥲Ը£뿪һŮ޺û͵ǺĽ

ӦŮʹдġһ߿һģȴ˵ȥ

ǵˣǽԼõģ㻹ҪƱ磬ˣұ㽫ҲΪȥһ

˵Ҫ򣬴ۣæ𣬽Ѿ˴㣬Ķȥһ

ɫް˵ױƺ˹ȺúҲǣҪ˵ģ䥷ţвޣҪѰͷˡ

´˵©˵ףǲˣһ±һ¸أֵġʣµūϰߣ飬ֻܹԭɪɪ

޵ʵ̫ң¶ԥլźūҪôǼӣҪôǩģҪˣĪ˵һŮǾ׸Ҳûʲô๵ء

Ƴ˳䣬̵ӡ

ˡ䥶˶ƿԺţòôôˣ

һŭԺܽˣͬʲôϵμʮС檻ܵģҪܵԺˣ

νС檣˵ľճϲˣ벻̶һҹϢ嶼֪ˡ

ǰһԡѾ˶κү˲ʵǲϹء

ϺӺôưռҳȥūҲˣЦˣҵҪռңӾҪôң

ɫ䵭ҲδҪ㣬ֻǽͬүţ֪ˣռҵԺĻҲܼѡ

ȰĻĶȴвƶⲻƣ뵽ղŴ˵©ֻƬģǶ

ð˵Ѿͷô۸ңԭ˿ɽ

ӣֺݺݵسԶͱñˣ⼸ȥǷڵһϢ

䥶ͻͻŴܿ࣬뵽бӱ޴ʱĿǰס˱ӡ

ס֣




28.     ҲԼˣ磡


ǰı, ֺ޺޵شһƣǷ˲ɣڼҪɱģûеͳ

һͷ, ʱý, ü

߹ȥ, ʱס, һһƬϸ, ûŰɣ

ҡҡͷû, ֻǡѪ͸Ĵ

̵Ů, תǸʧˣʵ̫ʧ, ҽŮ޷⾰󡣡

, ˵Źͬ嶼ռŮˣҲܵǣ, ο鵽ԼŮ޷Ҫöʱ䥵, ĪҪ֮´ȥ
Ҳֻ֪Էֱ硣

ʱ, ûſ䥣Խġ
Բӣ׻˵ӸвͬһŽģҼǳ־, λȴǳˣɼˣ֮

ɫף½ǿ޵ūڼ͵ϣһʱ鼱Żˡί䥣ǲ֪ʵ飬Ż

ƺʱֽ˽䥵ûʲôӦֻʲô£ҪҲĸ׳档δ󣬱ԼԺֳԼǰ̿ûʲôô

岻ѵԼְŶʱڳҷֻŶ

ǳʲô£ô޳˻رææܹ§ڻ䥣֪޵øˣҲԼˣ磡

ܲˣס죬ԶʱǸʵǡ̫ʧˣǼһ̯¡ֶ䥵ҲǣúôУլƢ

ôһϷʱɫ䥻
˵棬ĸŮ񣬶ֻ֪̻ǡǰͷڵЩ꣬䥵ֻҪ㡣

ϰߣǰزֵ˵زرܿͬ塣

˻ţ˶һĵĸףҲҪƢֻǽһţкδ𻻣ǳǴĲڳУһһжҪע⣬Ů²ֻ»۸׹ۼ塣

ɷū͵֮٣ϱ˾öϣ˵˼ңƽɱǳ£ֻº󱨱ɡ廹ǸδĹ´ȥﻹ˼ҸҪ

ɫһſһߵıӺ͵һϢĴ㷲ؿȴͷǻȻ

ȷʵǱ䥵ˣЩֻŲĹ£ҪԽ̵ԺլڹգԺб޴˵Ҳʵһ
ǰһɣ˽´˵һû

յʥϼлЯǰ;޿򲻿լ֮£װ˴ûᣬ˶ĳıࡣ

붨˼˽͵÷δ׼׼š

סǣ½ǰδתȥϣĸ׾ң֪ˣ֪ˡ

ѾҲû˵أֻܺῴʹߡ

ȴˬ죬ĿıͲڴˡ

ū澱֣Ů߰ɡ

ȴԥˣ⡭

Ĵ㣬ǽ͵ׯȥҸŴˣǻиռҲܵӰ졣
䥴ȥ۶ʱⲻ͵סԼİѱ

䥲ż޹ȥ죬ҪΪĲˡ

ʱڣ˵˾أ

⻰ƾˣ˼ôһһū澣ôò
Ҳգ͵Լһݳ⣬Ͼ˰ѱ˴֮ĹϵҲ׽Щ

ͷðɣģҲѾͷĸ֡

æμҴū̧ͣȥҽҽΡ

һ죬ʱҲԸռ÷ŷͼ˼±ˡ

жμһռǵȥĿǣкżԹ

-

ﻳ£ϾʹЩʱһ·֣üۣЦˡ

ôüģ˵˵ִ˴üġ

䥴֡˲֪ô£֮Ǳ˸ӣúܡ
ȲǸڹ˸ȨҲǸʮ־ִٵɡ

ֻǣżôѪ

û˵ȥ޺۵ڵϵӣԼҲ˰ٰĥ˿Ԯֵľ

ʱҲĬͳ˾ռѪһ㲻ִ֮ͬˡ
Σתȥ¥

ǻûԷء

¥նǱӭţſڵСǵѣ֪ǹͣ뵽¥˼˵ӣڵҪʲô

ʱ˵˼˵

䥵ûʲôɿڵģ¥ҲǵЩôֻ˳ԣǾˡ

Сȥˣͷ𽥴һʼ˵˭ط֣ԭ۵Լͬʱ

ϼδи³̣˺ݣ治ǡ

СЩ֪˼ʲô𡣡

ʥּԣѲĹرʥϸЩ

ɿ˵ˣǷ˵ϣҲҪһƤ

ʱҲˣ±ӣĦűڱԵɫ֪ʲô

¥µۻڼ




29.     ͬãҪ没


˲, 治֪ʲô˲εס
Ƕ˵

Ӽж֮£зĳ, ˵ǱĻӸЩ
ֻռҹ, ѡ, ǸŶ, Ϧ

ʱԽ䥿, ﷢ţ֡

Щ㻰, ǲоС, ﶮóֵ¡

оСȴһĿǳʱס, ǰ, 㺦𣿡

ʲô

żպ壬²¸ң˹ڦ, 룿ؿ䥣ֻװ, ձѾּҪΪ̫ӣ㺦𣿡

ʱ, ʶһʱδֻרעؿ

ӱΪ̫ӣȷʵͬ龰ͬѱĥһ, ַŻչһأⱲҲˡʱµģ֮Ϣжʱ̬ȡ

ʱɫڳˣһ˫һĿǣרעؿһʱֹջ
ΪͷһƬģ˿ȴűʲôƫӷ

Ҳ¡ܿ˼չ¶ѱЦڣûʲôµġ

óǶǿ⡣ʱܿɿ֣˿źƬŽͷµؿԶ

¥µڼСܿ˲ˣ䥰ԵģȴЩʳ֪ζ

-

ӱΪ̫ӣз̾ͱˡ

ԭĻһɵλ󳼣һƼͷã̱ȥͶϣһ˵ǻأ̫ӵͷֻ˶֪ǲӲŰˡ

ϸռռϱͺЩּǱһΪĻơ֮ǰĻ֮ͬӷͥ񣬲ǽСĹˡ

λĻӸɴȥ¾ޣ˵СಡҪΪʵϾδ¾ʾ

ʤѶ̫ӵ´⣬йŮŲҪ֮λֻ˾ȵǣԭȡͷߵξϢģԹڼﷴʡٲ̫Ӵ

̫淵ģǸ˭ҲûϵĽܵŮ

˵ݵλŵڣٻңҲʡ˶ף׵˼ңǰıȫ帲¬ҡ
Ҫ˵¬Ҳڶǰͬҽ£ʹδܵǣֻ˻飬ٻǱˣɼ̫Ӵֻ»¼ѡ

ĺֶ̫ӵĶ̣ɴһ׮£˿á

۵Ȼ죬ȴûô⣬ʵûǸ

Щӣͷע̫ӺͶϣƶˣھð۵լԺֽǰͷµʷ˹ȥ

ޣ޷Գ棬ֻܶЩ˵壬֮ˮһա

ͷзȥ죬Ҳæ

θӺգ־һưܣǰʱִͳ˾󣬵Ҳɹֻ²ģ֮ǰסͳ˾ɺûûʲô

ټĸۡͷŸͷúӵԺӻãõܶ©ꡣõԿ׶ƺȥֿ⣬䱦ѻɽδ˴Ʒһɻѹ

䥼޹ĵһ£ʰӡ

ʱæ̫ǳǵ첻нϼĵҪҲæýŲմء
ÿղæҪݱ˯䥳ʱӦѹأϰ֮󣬲ΰѵ굽ȥ

æ࣬ͷ׼һӦȫ԰ҲˣܸõԼˡ

¿ʼñһֱθӣæúܣһֱûÿռΪصڷ¥һϯ棬

һȲظҪȢˡ

⵹ǲ֣߰Ѽ岻ޣܿƥ˵Ů˼ûмӢɹãòƷμ⣬Ȼ幫Ҳ֡
ҹүΪȨ볯͢λұӣǰ·ƽ̹

ֻǣ̣ͬЦ˵Ҫɩˣ

ǲ֪ĸôģǸӣܰôʮƣεſϣ絹ûʲô˵λã˵ֵͬһȥ

ʵûסЦ˳µһˣõǺ顣

ֻͬйڣǸˣʵڲ¡ÿһֻܾο˺͹˹Ӷ⣬Ҳ׮ԵʵڲϲԺܿˡ

ʱĽ㣬ƽﻹ˵㲻أǽҪˣѵüһأ˵Щ˵ʲôð˰֣ô˵֮ڶθ¶ûţôһ£

ᵽţ䥱մߵĴĿⲻЩ

˵̫أվûܾȻһСС澣ĸֵܶռҵͣ˭ֹܸأ

䥲࣬ǸУͬĥ޴򡢰ٰ裬ҲͬûΪͷ
֮ǰΨжʱ

ÿ鲻ԣæǲǶʱš

䥿Цãˣôܼң㽫õ߹ã͡

ˡù˼䥣ûжԶʱڳԣֻлˣҵݸʽİŰɡ

֪Զʱɼûǿתʵˣ˵˵Ļ£˿Ϊ࿴ģ

˴ǰÿÿ˵£öҪ¿ˮйһһҪĸױ࿴
ǺҶ

£ץʵôһ¡

ĥãڵĸףǡҸ׿һˡ

ǹүеģ䥱ôţǹ˼ҹ﷼Ĵأ

ѵмӣ׷ʣмܲסˣ³

ǰ֮ǰͳˡ΢ûһƲ£ɱϹ˵˼ΪҶȲƵġ

һڲû֮ǲֳӢ

ǰӢҲð˼լӣͬθ֣ܺú˵ϼػЩźһһϡ
Ӣ£ǰڷҲû©

벻ͬãҪ没
ŴЦУ˼´źѡ

һƤزɣʱȴܲĿ⣬Ϻϼһ·Ⱦ

ȴһ£ˣԹƽò㲻ô

õʲôýģЩӸ磬ֶ߽һͷòҪϸۣҿɿϡϸϸûЩɰ̣û

ӢǰӦǽ˼ʺʱġ
ǵĹŮļ֮ǰȥ࿴Ķֶ˼ҵòͷ㣿Ҳǹˡ

ͬÿβͬ䥿ɩɩǿһ⡣
뵽Ӣھǳɼңй˼ұӣѳǵĲҾԶһ

鲻ӱѻظ˵ʱѵɢ࣬鷿Ŵӷ¥صĵȥѰ

ϴЦʳУҪ̤鷿ȴʱšüȥ˼ҵˣ





30.     Ƿн֮أ


һ, Цʧſڣ֪òýȥ

ʱ԰û, Ǹ, , Ҳǡ
߹, ҪӹʳУȴһ, ͷЩܡ

Ҳѹ֣˭һ˵عȴǳ, ᲻

ʱץֱۻ˻, СֻûˣòɢЩ, ȴڼҡһʱ鼱Щ, СԭҰɡ

䥵ܵͣͬҲܾûˣõ, ν˼ҵˡ

ǲ֪ʱɣҲڹ˼ץֳļ, ˼Ͷƫ޹˼ɣǵҪòʴȥͶ

ҲͰ, ܹ˼ضͬ˼űռҸΪܵĹϵպӢҲҪͬýףϣʱͬ˼ͻ
֪⻰ɷ˶ʱļɻ䡣

ʱ˱, ѹв죬ҹһҪҪΪͬòã

սбʱҪҪڹˡ

̧ͷȵ̫ӵĴ䶼ˣôҪôæּµһȦӰ㾿жûú˯ˣ

Щʱ飬ÿҹܻݣʱ˯ˣֻ֪ȴ֪ʲôʱʲôʱߵġ

ԼʱһĨǳЦɴֽ˴ᱧ鷿ʶȴ۾ĵعš

ʱϣ°͵ļ˲䣬˫ۣ˶и

ɻôã׹Ҳһ˯ûб׽ˡݵʣǲǺۣҪȻطϢ

ʱûۣˣһ

²䥱ǹԹԵûŲ

ʱ̬ܲЦⲻ§øЩӲ˲䡣
ȻҪ£ֻǻЩ౨˶á

̫ѾǵҲˣͶҹģӦС¡

ҧ̲סʵǽͷΡô

ʼռǹţξд㸲⻼ĵȴǽϵ顣
Ǻ֣ǼģȻߺͷ˻طԱСɷͽ׳ԡࡱΪ壬ܻұƵӣ㸲

ҲڶǰŵĴС

ʱۣкâһԥϢǷһͷ
ֻ˵ûʱҸˡ

⡭㲻ٶЪһ

䥣վ˵ıǼ⣬ڼúóԷú˯ͷ鲻زģһҡ

϶ҪţæʳеݸʱһۣȵǸҵģ

æóԷʱ̫ҲӲͶˣ˯ˡ
֪ϰߣصЩַԵĹӣװһд

ͷŵӣϲұü˾ѧ

ʱõؽӹʳУǵЦôҲڲסͷ¥Ѿãˡ

ԭĬĬãм֮ܣǷн֮أ

-

ڣʵ۳һһ౨λسɫأߵĽʿ࣬ͬľż

ϼһº罫꣬һֱδתÿյĸ౨ҪǮҪİ԰ơ

ǰļзǹһʱ䣬ɽʷЭϸе֣ڻ˽֮˲Ҳӣ׷׽Ĵһʱȼü֮
Ҳֻһʱ

Ϻͬ磬õϢĴ߲ɣĹٱ类Ҳһֻ۱һֻۡ
ˣͷҪЩǳĳƶ֮⣬ƶߡеȸԣߡθԼû·ĸߣ㱻ѹδġмСˡо޼á

ְղ֪飬ֻ֪ԼǮźҹҹϸ衣Թߣݶַ˻Ҿֽ̡
صı۴ݣӾɳľǮΪͽ٣ʹθݳٳٵòдʷдлѪϵɱ

֣Ұ߷˻УǰͷȥǮͶ޵׶
˳Ҿͽ壬˵ӳż콵ʾҪԾȹ

ҳһƬ辩Ԯ֣ɳ͢ǰͷ˼ֿָհ˳̫ӵǵ䣬ʵǼǮˡ

˱ȣĽ̯֣⣬ǰ˵ˣ֮ʩʵǷ˵У񵹺ãҪǮʲᶼλ˾Ա㣬˭ܵĳ͡
Ľܱ˺üΣʵǮɴƲڼңλǱ֧Ӧסܽฮ˼ܹġ

ȴԲӡз֮δܼתʵԵʣ򲻿ҭʳ
˾ũ䣬빬Ľˡ

ǾʲôԵɣĽЦڽ֣˵ǼƵĽĳҪմ˻ܱʲôڣ

ˡû磬ʵȳֹǵۣʱ˵ЩʲôãΣ취޽ǣ޵İսǣ

ĽԼзвҪȫ֮Ҳ˵ʲôߡ

ѽϵգֻ»鷳֪̬ԥŲҿڡ

һųǰ΢ΪзУֻФСŵڵľ

ʵüģʾֱ˵

ǡһҾݴδ͢Ԯһ˵˳

ʵ۵ҪΪݴʷ𣿲ܻһݰǱȺҷõö࣡

۹£ˡ΢ҪΪݴʷͣҪ״ݴʷ̰轭֮ı˽

ʵüͷøֱҲ׷׿

ݵشŽȣΨæž֣Ψкݲ˹£ۡݡأҪƽռ۸ݹݴʷȴֲѹͼ۸񡣡ݲۣǴʷͼ˽Ϊ֮

ʵѹŭʵʵ֤

óһֽƽü౨ڴˣΪ֤

ϲӹȥʸʵۡʵ۷ݲݿ˼ۣ˵ݸλ󳼿

ֻʹأ񣬾дԹ֮£ﵱʧ죬½

Ľܽӹ౨һôҲܹȫǰʳ꣬ݣݵʳǴģ

ֲֵ̫⣡ʵЦø꣬Ǹ꣬޵İ̼ǲ·ͨ

̫֡˵

ʵŭ壬ǰ̫޹ʧޱ˵ֻػΪȣǸС˿ɳ֮

ʥĽܵϳһƬɽꡣ

̫Ӽһãз֮ƣʱҲߵʣɱⲣƽߣ

һƬسʵ۾ѪڣҪʱʱһ£ԣͬĽһĬԵз޶á

ʵƱĬȾͷ侲Щο

ʱ񣬴һǰ΢ֻʥ

̫ŭκүþƷܷغʳ֮»֮࣬ѵүһ㶼𣿡

ͷڳҲָʱʬλزͣʱȴһԲû

ʵ̾˿öϣ±㽻ͳ˾׽ûؾҪϼʣ˶һӣ캦֮£
ʱͷּ

ڳʵԹǰͷԶʱĹڦʮֲҪɣʵȴ˵ԼˣǸϽиֵ³̳顣

˵飬΢ʵ۴ԲΪ˰Ӷʱˣ˶Զʱּһɵ

ػؼң٣յĽߡ





31.     㲻׼ҡ

, ÷ؾֻ»б
̬ǫĽۺ, صǡ

ڴ϶ִ, ʵݸʵ۵һϷ

֮ǰӶʱǶõ, ϸϸ׷֮, ȷʵйŹ֣֤˵̫Ǳ
Ȳ¾ôȥ, Ҳ᲻֮׵ᣬ˼ǰ, 㽫ϢĽ, ȨǻرǰЯ֮

Ľ֪ܵ£, ֽ˵౨ҲһŰȥ, ڲó˵¡
϶ѾãԱ価ȣ»Ӱ², ʱ׳֮£Ҫתƻʵ۵ŭ

Ľ̫һ, Ů½淣Ҳ̫ӰҡĽʾã̫Ͷ, ҲϢԴ

ˣϿ̫ӣ˽ֿŶʱߡ̫ӺĽ֪־öʱͷʢҲ, Ҳ˼ֿء

ǵǣ̫ͬһ޹أֻ¡
޹˾˵Եɣյֻ

ıǣĽУز˾

-

Ƕ֮ȥ֮ͳ˾ֻɶʱΪ¥Ҳźüûؼҡ
ɽǲŹú¥Щؼҡ

¥ʱ˵ʱѹʱԭ壬׸ɢˣΨͳ˾æ

ȥɡʱû٣βĹߡ

ϣ¥˸Ҿ̤ߣûһת

ӣˣջزȥ

ʱһ£ˣҪ빬֮⣬նģǵһڴҡ

¥ôãڼиҲǸˣӣЩ¹һҲãǿȥɣӵȵþˡ

һʱЩ֪룬ʱϻŰ¥̾˿ùϣ˳ţӷĻȥɣЩʰ

ѽڣϵǽƵСҾƵ궼¾ưͷװλȻһ¡ȺԼ£ҲŮʹųñͬһС

ʱһ·Щ־ŷԼȷͳ˾á

˵ҲӭΪӦʱڣصشһʻȸԧӣһǳ緻ɴȹ֫յϸɫѩףԶԶȥһֲʤ̬
޵һԭþɣ˿ϸϸױɨü㴽գ˸񾻻

ˣֻվǶһȴӻƵģǰŵòÿ

ʱۣǣסֵÿ

һЦֵЩæˣЪЪˣȥ·зջȥó˾ϡ

˵ָȥæӦкȥˣææµµԺӸŷɹֹ˸ʽĹƣûо¥ֻм̻

ǰһʱѵû˶θ䣬ֻǶ˸Ůˣô仯
һůɪһ˲

ʱԻ·ɫѾˣԺаһųľֲԭеĻǺ˰ġ
żյƣͷʮʹģͬõз

Ƕųȥˣʱߣе˿֮Ƽ͸ԳԺھס

ƣʺ͵ģ˵й

Ʊŵǰʱű£Щ

Ϊ

ʣΪʲô

ʱЦҡҡͷƾȷʵǸɿڣһ

ΪӢˣڼԲۣû뵽ѽڣԸͬԼһ𣬻׼ôණ

ƣҲͶұΪ䥵һлоƺˣȴƲʤ

ʱЦСǲȾô˵ȥˮȴֻоơ

ס͸ЩɫˣҾǱһ¡

ʱ֣ûָЩ»ˮϣ߷ҲвӨӨĹ⡣

̣䥵˼ȴϣǵиҪҪ졣
ɻ࣬ǻֽſģʱӶˣͬʱȴ鶼ûá

Ҫʱӿ˱ϣʱǺһغˡ

£ûȶ˼ʱסʱŷ֣ԼͷѾЩˡ

ʱЩΣĪҪ̰ͷ۵ġ

ֱ㶵ض֣ͻȻʲôˣֻؿֻҪһͺá

ˮأǺʮʱֱָһֻͨɿֻ֣һͰá

䥺һҲסͷϣƽ㣬ô

ǳˡ

ʱͷоûȣ߬סҪǺˣǻݰɡ

ǺԼҲڣ˳ȴһϣ㡭ôˣ

ʱЦãҲǷǶʱ

ʱһһ˫۳γؿ֪ģʱҵδҶ׵ġ

ԼѾɻ飬شһͻȻȥ۾۾Ư

ʱʶ۶һ£оֻϡ

üëҲÿҲÿƷһ϶ֳͬȻǲһЩ
ǰ˲䣬ıǼ⣬Բ뿴Ǹʲôģ

ʱϾǸˣϲȥ˵Щʲôˡһȴŵϵܰ㡣
ÿ˯ǰŵֻ˰ģȴѪڡ

ʱǿԼ侲˱طڷڴϣȥԸ侲һ£ֱǣס

Ҫʲôȥѽ

ҡʱĿ⣬ַЩȥ㵹ˮȻͻ

Сץס֣ί㲻׼ҡ






32.     ӣˡ


䥱, ӯڽޣظһ顣
ҡ

ʱ̾һŵֽͷ, С, ֻȥˮ

ȴ޷԰, Ƕ, ֻʣһˡ

ֱǸС

Ӱϵϣ޺ݺݵسļ, һۿţµ˶һˮ

, Ϊʲô, ҲܻҵϹһѪˣһǰ, 㵹ù, ֻϧùϴˣ

ѪһӾŨס, ͬӱԹ䣬ȴŵĨ˵ͷ

Ƿ, ǰ˵Цķ˿ϢȫޣֻʣһƵ 
ǰĸԼ, ֶǽпŰŷȥռұԮ

֪ɹӳȥˣΪȥգӱ㽫Լһ١û뵽, ġ

Ӵˣһߺ˿ڲ裬ȰĪҪѾͷôͻˣҲûϢ©ȥ

Ц˵ĸ׺ûۣһŮȻҲͬҪɵλã쿪ȻһӼ֡

̾˿סƲһ䥣ŪѪ̺ģˡֳûˣ

䥻һֳôˣ

ֳ˵Ȼȥ

ǰһӢսɳģһӢҵıӰͬϱףֲԼںδҲֲξʵ

ֵĵ˵ЩһĸףһֺӢƶ˸顣
ʪСУز˲䡣

ʱ˳ͷãĿ䵽ϣЩãȻ૵ҲߣҪߵ㰡

һֱţԭΪ˱䥵İȫȴ֪Ϣ
ͬɻȷɿ䥵ֽţڴڶձ㿪ʼԼĲ׼ݣֽɶθڣھðլԺ

Լ׼·ֻף·ʲôʱᱻá

ʱʱҲԼìܼˣһҪġһõĶ־˼ɣԸǿ飬ȴֲɿ֡

ҲģȴԼΨһץŲϷ֡

Ǿӿֻǿ˵ž£ʱʱѵЩį

ﰲ۾ƽȡʱϿ˵˵Լ
ҲΪժݡ

-

⻹ͷһƣʱգŬۣҪʱȴԼﻹŶʱ֡

ʱյ·ڴߵСϴպһޣྫ£ɫֽ͸İףؿڴߣԵᡣ

佥ḡקֿźŽߣҹľ϶ظǰϺҲȾ˶Ͳ

Щʲô

ԭͼƻҹҪ£ȷ˻ľģû뵽ԼһŲ˾ƣô࡭ô಻Ҫ¡

üͷҪѣŷԼ˼ҵ֣æɿűһš

ʱ˯һ첲ۣһ̲סƺһ

̧ͷѾˣšüʵôôô죿

䥶ڱҡҡͷӬ¡

ʱ̽̽ĶͷǲģҸղúôơּһŲնδϴ˯Ӧüͷøҽ˽¡

˵ԼҲЩ֣ôʱ˻û˽ź

ŴصǲҪţȴû뵽ΡҲûٴڴˣŶʱʵҪҪ˯һ

ҹһҲ֪϶ûЪã¶һ㵭Ӱ

ʱϰûûҹӣʲôŻ˽ϴȥҽơ
Լʮ⣬ֻЩˮϴȥ·ȴź¥Ҵҵ˹

ӣˡ

-

£֪кιɣ

֣褺ڼֱͬﰵҪ£ʱ̫Ӳͬͳ˾֮µĵطһ֮ԱǣҲʵ۳ͳ˾

֣Ϊ̫Ӻ󣬹ΪâΪȥ¾ޣδؾһȴθܡ

ŶñӺŽǲԸע⣬һ鷿ʵָʹԸ˵Щ׻ֻ㣬һĴ£ҲҸɡ

ʱü£¥⽫Źϣ⡣

ش²񣬻𶯳ҰȻҲˡлֱ˵

ÿ࣬ŭüʱһڣ¸ϵشûԻѰ

һҪʱŵ

̫ͬ꣬ͬˮ𣬾ʱŻʵۻֱܱĺƽ˭֪̫ӵλһҪľǹ

ʱҪģǶʱڴվһߣҪʱͬվһϣ⵹̫ӡ

ʱŲæغ˿ڲ裬ŵ˼֤ĳǴӦˣպҲĻ⣬¼ֺ֤αطҪŵأ

ǿ׸Ļ֮ͥˣ㲻ᵽڻδ˳̫ӡʱ˸ƺ֮ͬ꣬ʱǨҲԶı䡣

ʱǱ˵

Ȱ֪žʱ꣬׶̫Ӷ֣ʲô˼Ұ֪ռŮ飬պ̫Դ

ǲΪģһѻ

ҽҪ̸֮ͬ£ϵ°Ҳ϶֣Ҳ˳ֻ֣½ʱʧȥȻҲ͸ף˵ǧѷ꣬˳õܽ

ʲô¼̫ܽӰ⵹ֹϵ¸ҲֻĽֻˡ

ʱü΢˿ڣ΢к棬ֱ˵ǡ

ǴӦ˺ϲһкг






33.     Ӣһӵת

⼸쾩ǳ, һʢУʵ۴ϲҪ޹ʾν, Ҫλ̧һ̧, ҪΪһƷ
Ƿ׷, ˵Ϊƽ, δ룬ڼö, ȵӺз͡ʵ䲻Ը֪Ϊ, վա

ڶעĿ

ֻ, Ļ̻̣ӿ뾩, µִȱΪ, ɮɽţԿõԺ

ԭǼ£һ, ʳƵɮԸ, ֻȰ⣬ǳ⡣

صزüѪ⣬˼, ϱ׸ã۱ɽ˷Ѻͻ

û뵽ⱻѺھſʱĿ֮Գǰݴʷ֮ӣָߺ, ̫ӰӣҸϡףӲТΪϴףΨһл
˵꾹ײȥҶס

ûй޷ǣĵѫڳλʷ֮ӡʱȫʧ⻰Ⱥ鼤ߣסֱۣҪָ˵

ѲܵĽס񣬻ž׸һ˵Ȼ˸á

λʷ֮ӡǿ˵ˣûд󰭣ȴ׸˸⡣
Ѱֵʲôſڱֱ˵̫ӣ̫ȢǻĽܵŮ

һ̫ݣ̫ʧ𣬴ʷ׵屻𣬲ձ˻ؾ·ϡ⡰ʷ֮ӡϲӡţݿа˳ġ

һССĶŹɱ˰ݱ漰Ĵ𰸣˵ǣ˽һصֺ

׸һӦ˦ͳ˾ȴ˸Ÿر˵ͳ˾ǰּȥˣɳ󲿷־ָʹʱزֻܱл͡

׸ͺͷʵû취ֻ¡
ǹ

-

ͷֵ÷зθҲ

պ˾ƣֺ˯һҹûأʱձ˸ȣյû˵ˡ

ʱ¿ڳĶ࣬ЩÿݷûãҪʱȴˣ˲ܲ롣

ŲƵƵʹ̽ʵ۶ǲѣ̫ҽԺĳԺ

Ժϡ壬̽üҡҡͷ

䥷ŷ˶ʵ̫ҽʡӾʲô֢

Ѱ಻գʱȲֹգþ˷Ҳûܸȣ龩ҽݵĴҪô˵ǶθŲҪôǿҪ
ΣƶʱȴҲЩ

̫ҽ˼Ѻӣַʱ֫ƣͷһɰ̣˼Ȼ

ӣκүϾԱؽӹ屾ͱѰҪܷ࣬а֣ȷ˼ա

а֣ȻԤϣ䥻˴

һжΪ

ү볣ҩͬΪٷҩܾȡ̫ҽһĵǿƣ԰ονѲк󸣣ҿġ

æͷʹȥ׼

̫ҽڶʱѨ룬һ̣㺹罬촽ף³һѪ
ụ̂ս֣ǿվԭأּʱѪ󷴵ѹҲ˶̸ŰЩġ

̫ҽ糣д¼ӣϸϸԸ֮ع˵Ҫ̫ҽȴʾ

̫ҽԥƬ̣ǶԶʱȰүñĪҪü˵ˡ

̫ҽ뿪ˣʱбڴߣȻûѪɫȴͦã֣Сˣ˯˼գô㶼Щ

֣ߣһӾͱסˡ

ԲҡĲ֪

̫ҽ˵ˣαƣҪ˵뵽±գٴʱڣʱȴڱ̿裬ȻԼġ

ôͬ˵֪ˣȻᡭ䥷֣ϸϸǵ˰̣Ʋס

βӣμһҹ㸲ҪôҪôͷţΨжʱĸ׽ļ棬Աȫ
ֻ֪ײ˴ˣ˸ԵĻʵۣΪ֮пɲλ˳ȴ֪ܹôࡣ

Щ£̫ҽ˵Ҳˡʱ˰ջָ̧ĨᣬڲǺúõ𣿡

ϢȣҪοԼģȴԽί

ҪЩңҲᡭ

ʱȴĻ

ҴˣСˡʱᣬҲЦŵģĪǾЩģҲܸˣֻû뵽ɨˡ

⻰˵ģǱԼ壬ʧ

ӣһ˫۾ҪңҪô׼ů裬Ҫôͤڷ硣ܹ鶼£вİ취Ҳһô졣ҡ̲סִһ㶼֪ж຦£Ҫһֱһֱ

˵ȥ˵ĻӦˡ

ʱһţ˺ˣҵĴĿһ˭

Ҳһ翴ȥȴӢһӵת





34.     Ӣȥ


ӢҹȻҪ¡

µĲǶʱһֲ߻, ײʷ֮ӡλıߣȰ˵ͳ˾Ԯıʿ, Ƕʱİ׮
Щ¶ʱҪӢʱ, ͬ˵ס

Ӣ֪, Թһ̫, ǽ̫ӵĶƿؽΨͬʱ, ʵǳ˶ʱШڻʵߵһӡ

Ƕǹжʱ, ӢΪͳ, ʱڼӿ˹ǷӢϸ뼸Ϣ, һ亹

ֻѾͬʱվͬһ, 䥳⣬Ѳٻͷ

ҹΪʵѾ, ϼı̫Ӻ͹Ѳһô, ƱҪöʱԴ˰ʱ١ȥ岻

ȴû뵽ʱһôҲû͸ڷ硣

ԼôӶʱѳ, ͨ첻ҿģӢ־öʱǹġ

Ĩȥϲдˮֳôˣ

ӢüûΪЦЦؿʱ, ÷򲡵أΪָ̽

ˡ֣̽Ȼָ

ЩҹչˣȻöʱĲʲô⣬ֻ鷳ʱбڴ˿ɵ˵ҹˣֳʲô£١

˸ݲͬϾ󷽱㡣ӢƺɫֺЩʱ֮˽䥵֣û£ɫˣȥ˯ɡ

ǡ

ʱҡҡͷȥɡ

ֿӢɫǵˣǶ˵

κүװװˣ

䥵ĽŲԶˣӢҲֱǰץסʱȴü

ô㡭

ʱ֣ɫƣƽȻ֪˹б䡣ϢЩȥЪŰɡ

˶˵ԶգֻΪװȴ֪Լڳ Ӣ׷Ź⣬ϴνʱұ㷢㾭ˣôģС֪֪

򵥵Ĳ̽ʵ̫ҽΨŶʱǣ˾ˣ£ܽ˦ȥ
ԶʱĲ֢ġ

Щԭڼ֮У䥽ݵΣмֺڣȴûӢǰֳ

²ͽģԻչ˺ã˶ӣԺǱܼЩ¶ˡ

һǻʵųһŻʵ۵İȫ֪ǰͳ˽԰ݷͳ˾ָʹ˽լʵģɱ֮

Ӣһ书ǿҹṦܿߵ£ʱ⻰˵صռ˴롣

ƼӢšü鸡ѪɬͱȳܲúˣǲҪҲ㵽ʲô겻һţСҲټޡ

һ򲻴Ƶ϶ʱǷż䥿޵ģѶʱϣҲ˵Ȱ

ʱȴ޶ԣֻ˱鷳ˡ

㡭Ӣȥûһ졣

ʱĬãŵûüһ˿Ѫ̾˿

-

ʱĲüȥҲ졣̫ҽйµشˡ

Ϲڽ̫һµ۽Ѿá½˷ùʣûü̫һʷƾ͵Ҫˣ˵˷̰ɶá

ǹˣʱҲЩҡڲֻ˷վѺϱ̲ѯʸδá

̲θΪӣ̲ʩǹ常ͬĽףϱ̫ͬͬá
ֱ⣬ʩֻܽµѹڰϣһϡ־

ͷҵȴͷˣ̫Ӻ͹׷飬һ˵涫ǣ͢Աͳ˾˽´ãһȴ˵漰̲ͳ˾̫ʧһ

òɿͳ˾ĶԶʱոպתθżҪ̤ˡ

䣬ѺתΪλӹ˰

θ鷿ƵƤݡ

Ҳѹ֣˷ý˴±㾡ã罫еĿڹ飬ȴ֪ϢΪ죬˷ձʹ£綫˱㵽ˡ

ѾʧȻʱ̬Ͼִ£ɵɡ

ʱöĳܿ£ĳܿˣµڵµˡĳֱԣѾһ룬Ҳء

һ俴õΡ

ʱеغ˿ڲŵ˾󡣡

ȴŭĿԲԵ򲻿ɣ

漰ǣ͢Ա潭ʮֻʵеҪش󰸼͸ɴ¡ʷ̨̲˾

˾ϵڶ࣬ϵ̸ڣ͹УҪ˾󣬵治֪˭˳Щʱգȴûһõ˾

ʱֻǷ²룬ص˼

鷿Ȧסתϵİָ䣬ָûձҪöѾˡ

Сʷ̨Ҳ岻֣̲ʩǸϻͷزƫҪ˾ֻ»öпɳ֮

ʱȴ̾һʷ̨̲ƫ£ȻҲƫ򶫹Ψ˲飬һ

ַ̫ǸʧǸ˶µĵè壬Ҫϸ飬ֻҲǣȥ

⻰˵ֻ̲ܺͬĹϵվҪһЩ˾󣬱Ȼǣ࣬ʱҪֹֻҲг⡣

ʱЦҡҡͷֻҪ֮ڵ£㲻ܰ⵹Ҳ

˵

Ȼ漰裬Ǳ±Ҫѡһݹߣ֮ܳˣܹһöĳ֮ˡ





35.     ֻҪ׳ʿ

̫ҽ϶ʱĲѾȶ, ʵ۴ϲ˺ЩĲҩţú

˵, , ּʵίشس, ʱ, длְʵȻҲ׼ˡ

ϵҪͳ˾, û뵽ô죬ûʲô, ֻܽʱٷó̡

, 鷿ͣӦǲԺ÷ˡ

Щʱ鷿, ˵, ҹǴһڶţǲԸע⡣

ϲͣ, 緹ûԣɫҲ, ҲҪԶġȥ˾ЩСͽȥ

ӦǱȥ, 䥼ͷһһٹֱɫĳϲһ˿޺ۣ´һͷ, ͬҶ·ϣֽ͹ñһһԱߡ

һˣɫѾڣʱҲÿϯҲͷˡ

Ͷ˴Сһ𳤴Ĭ˸䥱֪лҪ˵

ɫҶȥ˾ķ˰ںûУҪָ֮÷

ҶǶθͷˣȻҲǵãȷƻҪԶһ㡣Ҷ֪Ҫ֧Լһʵ໰ҲֻշԸ¡

ƴͷţ䥱ŷʲô£ֵصģ

鷿ţӱ㲻ôҲɣǰͷ¥ǰƫײ˳šһڶɫҲʲôֻʱ¶ָ

ﲻ棬ֱҪˡӶʱãŷյݵСɽһЩѯʲӣı̽ġ

ʱʱԲѣϾԹˣֻܽЩȫѹȶʱˣȥʣʱȴȫ˻ȥ
ЩӣϺͬͳ˾һǴŽգӲÿţӢżҲǿǽ

ΨλڶؿƵǰܴӺֱȥ鷿ȥʱҲϢӲˡ

ͷӣҲ˵ЩȤ˵ЩŴڼŷСˣ̷˾ĹټǱĻװ븮ȥ

ڶͬʱ൱ЩӰ˵ˣôˣ档

ָ䥱Ͼûۿ̶Ҳ벻ʲô׷ʵɿʲôͷûл

šüϸ룬ҲֻƵһۣɫǰָҲӨӨ⣬ӦǿûΡǲˡ

ܱʱΪϱָöݣ±֪ͬʱܡ

ҡҡͷȥ룬ˣ㷽ȥʳУ˵ʲô

û͵أȥʱ˳ţʳжûȥֱͻغˡ

¶һЦô̸£Ӧͬһ÷ǿȥɡ

-

ʱְ̫ͬʧҪҪһͬ˭֮ϸ۲ֹ

һʷʱǼˣ˵©죬ֱλôش󣬲˾ˡ

һԾڱ˴˹ڦ֮ʷڳԡ

ʵ۸ã˼ɢ񲿡̲λڸ£ձ˾

˾ǰеḷ̌ʷֻ̨̲ش³ǰƶȣûù˾

һ˾ԱӣθƺְȨнһᵼ¸˾ۣ֮Ա壻Ƕ˾󣬱൱ڳش鷢ǵ¹ԱʧְԻʵ۵Ҳ𺦡

ǵʵͳ˾Ѻõͳ˾ٹ£¬һȫĴ󰸣Ҳֻ˾ڽ౨ֻº̲飬˱Ĩƽ

ʵʥѾȻԸ̫ͬƤּ˾󣬻ͳ˾ָʹʱ̫ͬüһ壬ȫԼȥ

֪ڳſһ̫ʧһø³̳Ȼƽߣ̫ͬ˼ţҲٱӻ

ˣ̫ʧһܵøʲôҪʱλԸʲô

ʱһ򲻵ȺμֵֵòӣҪйϵҲ֪˭ܹТѫΣͳ˾Ӷ˻ֽ͵θȥ

䥱ĿǰڱﰵƲķˡŮ׷͡Ҫ磬ǸҪͻеֱƱҪ䥰æ˵һ

䥲鷳һųƲȫˣһ޷ܾġ

õӣ˵Ҫ͡

ѵÿȻɨӭŹõ߶θ˸顣

˵ռ޹ʱܵƬ໵ģͬʱʱԷҲһȣ˲Կȫϵ߽ǳ͢£޲Լڼ๤

æԴңڿŻȻһµĸۡ־öȤ£˵üɫ裬ȴǿЦ£üɫɢ
һĴҲֲ֧ǵһ顣

䥴ߵһͤǲ˺ʵ֮䲻ڣǳʲôˣվûЦ

ҧ촽Σʱ˿ǻС㣬ȾǼҰɣ

ҭҭ˵˰죬Ūôһ¡

ڲ֣ÿ괢˰Ա֣͹Уִ
¹жʮ֣ײϿΨд֡ʱڲֲ֧ã͢ɸݴʷͬ飬֧˾˾ũ׼󣬲ܿ־֣һ飬ݱڲԭĴ

ϸʮݹһ֣ǽݵ֡ݵƽҲݸĸɸɹһݰһϢ

ˮֶ֡٣ݴʵƾԼܶȹѹأٲҲٽݸòִ

ݴʷ޺´ùÿ궼ʱԳֳ˰ա
ȫոµʳľޣȫǮֻ±ȽǮȫʲҪ

ˣ˶˼

ٴʷԴ˳ãܳ͢ޱݺһͨµٺ»ҲҸɻ£ҲûһδִȻݸƹСȢϴĵŮΪֵԿס

Ȼ󣬱ǽǵ꾴ԽԽ࣬ϺĲԽԽʵÿ걨ùĴҲԽԽࡣ

˽ˮʱʮڲ֧ӦԮ֣ѿա
һѴյøɸɾ

òĳԽԽ࣬ҲûܷʲôֱֹɽͶɰ鷿ۣ֪̫ʧ𣬾ǣ˼ҡ

Ҳ֪ҶģǸϹŰ壬ûʲôϰԸÿµٺ»òꡣÿ޵ÿҪЩǮǹ˹֣ĶǶɵͷȴ˼ң

ɰڻְϺ˽ֿ棬ȻҪ´㣬ȻҲʱ㡱һԱ

ľѣ֣߬߬ȫ亹

ǰһֱ벻ͨţлڶ࣬ƴǧôҲڶ̶һ֮ڱ㱻ƵǨ
ȴ˼֡

ֲнϵһˮ֣ôĺ׳󵽺ݾǵĵزԭһߵԵʡ

ȻȻͬйأ㡭ȥ˻ʺô˵ģ

ĸѾ˼ӽûģҲȥݹǡҡͷ

й˰̫ôܰԼǣȥֻҪ׳ʿ󣬳˼ҡ





36.     ͬ˼ûϵ


ֹ, ͤƵǵʾ£ʹȥ׼ϯ, վøԶһЩ

䥸Źðοһ, ﲻ, ɩأǰʺ, 桭

ǰѾż޸ʱǡöʱػ, Ͼˣֻĺš
ǻʺֶŮ, һûʺ, оͨ빬Ȩʺ̫Ҫ˼, Ҳܸù˼ɼֹ˵档

ɫѿ, һ֪±˼ʺ󣬵̼֮ˣǰ˷, Ҫͬǹ˼ҶϾ׹ϵҸ»һ°, Ҳᡭ

˵ϣʲôҲ˲ˣץס䥵ֱ, СȾҸ磬Ⱦȹ˼Ұɣ

䥷ʲôܰæģһ, ֻǴ漰ãҡʵڡ

ð࣬Ӳݲݲˮɫܰæʱ˰ֻҪϸ̧֣ҲʲôΪѹ˼ҡСֻҪæ顭

ֱûôףô£̫Ӻ͹ô˫۾ţ⡭

һһ˫ۣűŭʱʺҲ߷ơ

Сǿɵýģ㱻۸ʲôˣǻ㣬нյҹ˼Ҳ㱨СҲ徲βͬ˵˵ţֺžӨˮǼѾƵͱڱϣҸѾΪ²ˣĸÿڼϴ棬ĸ㣬ôġ

ҡû˵Ҳۿʪ󣬡ͬ˶ضõѣô᲻ֻֻ̫һ·ﲻæֻ»ͨʱ

ɫһֻ֣ҪΡκүַ̧Ź˼ңһСӭжġ

-

Ѿֵͳ˾Ÿոյִݡ

ٽѰٻ㣬죬һƬɪ󣬺ȴż̡紵ɫҶɳɳ죬˽ˣ̷ߺŸԹң·ܵʮݵֻӰ죬Ȼһж̫ͬƽʱһ

֣ģߣͽңΨкݻǸؽ硣

ҹ˾ŰҪСĻû⵽󼸵ӰѸٻҹɫ 

˷ãϢԺ˴Ϩ𣬾Ϣֻǳĺ

໥һۣ棬һԷûͷ­嵹ڵϣҲˤڵϣ

˴Ǻݸã˯ȻǺݴʷꡣհҵȴΪΧֻߣͷزᣬպýѡ

˭ʦү𣿡ƿţһ¸߹ڿУԺѪԺеһˡ

ضѪȴһʬ壬Ƿڼʶ㣬ǲɵͷƤ顣

˳Ҿҹŷ˺ߣ

ϳϵĻ׵šüʵͳ˾ˣΪԺɱˣ

΢΢ۣչһЦˡּݴʷݲԽȣҪͳ˾ʻλֵּ˵ΪʷȫԽعѵһǾŴʷˡ

ϵһϸµߣЦȷĳǼ٣ͳ˾Żų켺ɡ

ûϣȫ֮£ֶΪأ

Ҫץһؾ˾ֱӶֱǣһڴˣҪ𣿡

ˡ䣬ΪļӦѾͳǣձɵִݣͳ˾αضһ٣漮ݣĸںݣصָʹݲ£Ҫлˡ

˺һҾݰյԱȫʮܹи֮˳ı

ȴסлңʮоȣʵʴȣԸ̰ܿ࣬ҲʩΪһȡԽšüƣ˾ȻֶΣΪλԽ϶ҰӶֻڶľ棿

һҾʣһֱػ̩

̩ǸѰʣڹϱ˸һ˼

һ䣬̧ʱֻԺյģػдѪһкֻһΡ

-

ӦҪΪ˼飬Ҳûô

˾𶯳ҰñۺջǾ̫ͬʧһͬ

ھܣ̫ȴݣ顢֤֤Ҫһһ;ǣҪ˾ֱ֡
˰ѣ̫Ӻ͹ӣǾٲά衣

ǰʱܻؼ˯⼸ոɴͳ˾Ҫ飬ȴʱҲš

ҲֱӴͳ˾ˣֻӵȣÿնͲʳȥͳ˾˳̽ʲôʱŹҡ

ֱԪҲݴʷ֮ӵݱȷϣ˾˾ͶʱԹʻѺ֮󣬶ʱڲϼˡ

ʱθȣ䥲³˾ңԽʳһһڷŽʳУתȴŶʱű߳Ц

ԭЩʱĲʳġ

ϻżΧһʱֽŶ֪ķţҲģղãֻЩװĻơ

ʱЦǣϸļġ

Ų˵һѣȻ׼׼ɿϯˣȥѡ

Щ

ʱԶźش˴ָ⣬ͷ˾˶վԭأҳһپȤҲ˦ȥˡ

ʳѼƽܳԵļҳˣͳ˾ʳװųԣͷųԣȻǲһ

ʱѵɿ죬۽üҶ¶⣬һֱ䥿ƵģȻ¡

һʹﱧţͷôˡ

ҧŴβŵмҪ㡣

ʱһüʶЩʲôֱ˵ǣ֮õ֡

һΣңǡã㣬ܲܶԹ˼ҿһ

ţѹ˵ԭʱ

˼ҶǸڼôҲûǹֵ£αذ׵ù˼¶ǣ

ʱ˼һ䥷ŵͬ

󣬵˰ǣ㣬жֽţ˵̫Ҳ飬ʱ򲻵˼ҲҲᱻǣȥ֪

ʵҲģǵ˵ֻҪϷЩֽţ˼ұ㡭

˼ҡ˼ңΪ˼Ҵ㣬浱Լչ˲ɣ֪ΪΣʱǱŭˣͻȻվ

ⲽѹŭͬýܣͬ˵ľԱ޿ɺǡǣʱ䥵˫ۣ㣬ɻǵԼգĸƣͬ˼ûϵ





37.     кЩʱûʱˡ


䥱, ҰһĿ̣ðû˵

ÿյҹңΪôʱ˱, ԳЦ, Ϊ˼Ҵ, ô֪, ӢΪβ顣

ֱֻԼΪͬʱ޽, Լô˵ǹ˼ͬʱоԹ, ˼ҲȥҶʱ, ֻԼһ

δͷ룬ɵһ

ʱйŭ, ָֻǸϲŭѱָʹ, û䥣Ǿȥ鷿û, Сݽı쾡˹ȥ

ϻضʱ˯鷿Ϊ鷿ͻȻ, Ϊ˴ûŲ

ߣӷľ, ֪ηӦ

⡭ͬ˵ʲôѵûôͰᵽ鷿ȥ˯ˣ

ֲ⣬ҲĲͬԼҲĪ, ֪Լǵ

-

ʱ鷿˯һ컹ûȥͳ˾ȥĲͺһûգȫԭ˻޷֮Ҳֻܲˡ

ʱߵ·вͨ˼ҵ黹ûͷֻڱ𴦶ӣϣ˼ʺ飬˳̽̽ε
ǰҪ¾ҵ·ȹ˼ˮ䥵һҪ顣

еͬʯ󺣣˿ûлʱֿȵ¹˲ʸʮֻӭ䥣ֻЩӼ䥵Ĺپ죬ҪôԼݴ˰飬Ҫôһǹ˼ҵ±Ī

ֻͷӬڣɫһձһѿյټּʱֱϲ⡣
̫Ӻ͹һͬʵ򰵰ϳ֣ȥݼһ

һƷٸаڳųͬʺ¡ټĲһˣ䥴һƣʮ˸ھʣֶس

˵˼䳡滰ϹʹλƷവţⳡٲȻеȺ硣

֮ȻңҲǺԽʺֹ֮ʺ̫һζԱҪ˼ҵ
ⳡ˾ӮҾ˭

䥰ӵȵɢȥˣǰݵ

û֣Цǰڻʺұ˵κòһ߻ȣֲ꣬ǸдϢġԵֶ֡

üһˡ

ЦӺαǫκ㣬ȻԵʡκ°̶ͬ˵ˣȻԼˣԺǣϤ֮Ҳ֡

Ȼǹ֣褺̡ﻰ⣬ڰʾʱѾͶ˹䥲ﰵľҲҴ⻰ֻһ

֪ǣʱֻӦһϳԺ󾿾ҪҪվڹҴϣ̽Σʱһֱ̬ش̫

ʱǣ;ʮֲʵȨֽˡξټ䥣̽Ҳ£֮ġ

˼䣬ͷƤ飬ԥҪҪ˼ʱȴ빬

յĶͷԣ빬ӡ䥵ֱ̾һˣѵüıǿϧˡɣҵƣԺֻҪͨͿ빬ҡ

Ͻһٸռǵƣݸ䥣æƴǡ

ȥʱȴ˵

˵ΪӦãֻͷͬ˵˽Ųͷ˶Թʱ˵ò岻ֻΪĸݣ㾶ֱ˵װ˸档

æͷҾ³ײʧˡ

һƷʵӣæֻܿһ񣬡ǳʧ񣬳͸ˡ

ͷæ첽ţ⿴Ĵָһöָ

-

һ˱ҪΪ˼飬ȴ޹ｹֶֻͬھύȴи֮š

ϴˡ

ϱϾϵĵĸ䥲ݼ˽ĸŮݺһ·ͣȴǴһ

̶̼²ΣȥȧָͻԵʮֿ̱ҲǻҰһյ鶯ȫȻʱһ˿Թޡ

Ծǳ֮λҲֱͬһ£ĸѵǰкҪ£

䥴һ˿ߵխȹԵһȦɫΧߣͷһɫĶӡ
Ҫͣϵ·ģϵʯȸλӺͷҡΣҲǲŴӽ𽳴͹ġ

ĸŮ㲣ȴݹϱӲǱ۲۵أ˵ʱðϢˣȹﶼҪ󼸷֡

䥲ʹЩ棬֪²ǰĸлֱ˵ɣŮҪȥͣԸʱ

Դô˵ֱӾͺһϲסɫЦү˸󣬴Լ˶Ҫˣ㸸ײŽ˴㾹ҹȥ磬治±˳Ц𣡡

Щæ˼ұߣ治֪Ҳץ˴£ʱü

ϿߣЦΪκˣҲ֪

ǰЩײйֱӴ˾ũߪˣ׫گ뷺ò⣬ͬ嶼⣬ϸǰջᣬ徫ϸѡ˺ĵӻΪҡ
ڴǰǸʣȴŻ൱ǵѾ˽ʿǻƲۡ

һͨϢѾѰ˺˰ֻ֣һ¶ȴû뵽ͳ˾ţ˵ְ۾ֱӽ
Ƽҵ֪Ϣ£ռ˱ܶϢͨĴˣȴܳԵŸĸϼ

Ȼݴ£˵ͳ˾ȥֻܴ϶θʻ

䥴ʱľʵӡ

ǰظףƫĮӲ϶ԴɫҲֻΪԸ࣬Ц

ֱУᵽһУ׻еĻ롣

ӣޣµŮҲֻĮӣһ˽ֻװһ衣

˴һ˿ĻţֻкͬĮ

䥴ֳһ˿Һ󣬻ڵҵãĸҲἱҪˡֻĸھнι㷺޼ƿʩʩչأ

սӡʱԸǶʱݺɼץͬʱѲ˸ϵ
˴£İҪ̫ʧ𰸣ʱ˸׽ȥˡ

ϵκү¹ʥŨ˾ܵһ԰飬㸸Ҳչҡ

֮⣬Ҫ䥴ͷ磬ʱ顣

䥲Цһ鷳Ҫʱ飬˵ú䥽ԣʹʱʥּá

ӣԼҲкЩʱûʱˡ





38.     Ϊ֪ûзֱء

䥶ĸŮ޺ø, ҲûһǰĽ֮飬ΪǼܱ߶Ҳδҵ·ҲԸӦԼ, Ҳֻ˵ᾡΪ

̬Ⱥ, ϻû˵ʲô, ƶϰæ, µҲǴĸףôôТ, Ҳˣ

ѵô˵ģ㳤, 񡣡

ĸƭ, 㿴ӣǷأ

ˣϺֹ, ѹҪ䥵Ǹ, 幣ŲӾǲͷ
Сܼｿ裬δǣǸԡûʲô۸СӵȤ, οһʱͷҲΪ»Ҫ䥳ˡ

䥼Ҫ, ֻ˵취Ϳ͡

ŲվҪʱ˼Ҫ˾Ľָ, Ҳû֣ȥˡ

-

ӹɽӹɰҲڼңӹ°ʿδι٣Ҳֻ´̽
ү˼, ѾԲգÿڼϴ棬ӢĻ̻̣Žա

ۼżܿ࣬˼죬͵ߣǰӺһʱĸ̶̼ۡձ

ҧŴһҹڶձǿͳ˾

ǿΪɱ֮Ȩͳ˾شӽ£ж⣬δˣܼҪɱ

ңñ޿ɱܣۿžҪˣȴм򿪼ء

һǰŭһȭػף˻һ˵ڵء

ðȱѹ£ѲãǰῪվΧȫûһͷ
Ҳֹֻͳ˾⡣

Ŀ֮£ü߷ίȹһʱû

ǰҾ۾صضŵ棬˹ָʹ롣

ȴһٸ棬ʮֲм޺޵شһµ棬ˣֻڡ

ʱУ˫ֽ棬Ͼس˽Ҳ໰˳ȥ⡣

ӦΪ˱ӣŻԴ󿪣ͷʣչбգһǱյɫѥϼӶյɼ

ԭһػףŮݼָʹָʹҼֳ

˹ôų컯֮ǿͳ˾ſھҪˡʱָⷭϰַ̣ɽܺ¸¹ǲʿɱ֤ˣһжнʵ֤ĳʥ£Ұ˴

ɽɰصɰزǸС٣ô£̫һƵͷϡ

ҧһأָʹֳȻдƾҹ˼ңԵ½̫֣˰ݺ죡

ʱû⻰βתʵŹ˹ݹ٣ȥθӡ

ǣŮͬн飬ֻ롭

ʱ˼˲ңȥЮͼԼҲʮΪβҰ£𣿡

һûд𻰡

ǹү֪֮˹ҲӢЩʲôʱЦĸͬн֮꣬βͬǹ֮˼ҷˣ֪Ҿ̾Ҽʱ˼ʲôأ

ú٣ǽŴֻĬعš
Ϊ֪ûзֱء

ǰβԷƽͬڽŰ£ؾҥ𣬶˵βӵأٳٲԴҪЮлʵۼӷ͡

βԴӻʵ۵һССūպսչ㱻лʵáµһ˽ǰֱΪϴ󽫾ͳʮƽ
׹ݣݹأȨգƽ׳Ƴҫɡ

ҥԽԽ㣬ϸԽʵǾмּ·ϾβȴܲսڽӪ·Ҫʵӵص˵

ʵش󽫾ֵԺ͡ʵ֤֮Ҳòɻ

βԲԸսʵЭϾѸٻؾְ˭ּ֪£˶βɱʮױϾΪһֲϢ

ⳡΣʵóֲ͢߾µĶʮƽξϵľȫɱʿַפأԶýжμҹʾɶ౻ն׻̣˹УټĶμңֻʣ¶ʱһˡ

ڽˮӿϰƻˮսػᱻϾɱڰ;β԰ʵΪ޽Զɺӣ˵ľȴûִܵﾩǡʱƽ˵һͬ޹ص£
Ϊ¬ѡխβγĻޣȡؼļɽڱֵʱ飬֪ף˽¸Ӣ¡

ȻӢ֪ͨԼھְѧƽݣβݲҳսҥϾ

ɽΪ̫һʵΪ˽ԹҪθʱ˱㺬Ὣһи

һڰ׷Ҳ֪ԹӦ֣ܡȥ

Ů֪˼ԣԸһ֣¹󣬹˼ҽԶ볯ãٲˡصؿͷĵöǶѪ˿ֻ˿꣬Сķϡ

㻹СʱӵߣǹɽĹʣѾѺӡøҷԴĹ˼ңβ侮ʯͷȣȥӲǴ䥣ΪʲôֻԼ֪

ŹֳıʼŰ߽ǼɫѪԸֻ˿嶹˼ңҼ

ȫˣƽʮ˹󣬿Ҳֲ

ʱȴͻȻ侲һָ

ҲҪǣҿԺס

ƽõɫȴ𽥱þ塣

-

Ĵ̽Ϣ̽һ֮ǮӵǸ˸õϢ

̲ʩǹĳͬҲǧ˿Ƶϵ˾֮һҪ̽Ϣٺʲ

Ů죬ûʩǰʩµķպҪ磬ֻ׽Ǯӡ

Ǯ˵ȥǿԴ䥸磬ֻǾʵЩʲôҪԼ

ֽ񳯾ָӣʩΪ̲֮ףվڷ˼ϣʩ粻ҲΪʩ롣

ǮԸţǧл֪Ǯϲڼ㽫лѾõһǰл

գǮӹȻԼ䥸磬Ϊ

Ƕκҵӡ

ǰ񣬡ˣף˸೤

ʩѮڷЩ⣬صͷͬǮ֪ͨ䥵⣬źۼؽ̸

Ǯֻ˵Ҫңȴû˵ʲô¡ʩ̬ȺͰ˼ڳ̸ְЩл֪㲻ףȴһܰﵽ㡣

ҧҧ䣬ʵʷ˿֪˼ҳӵ¾жأûа취ܷų

˼ңʩüһҡҡͷ

䥲ظϣʩ˴ֻһǽ󣬡뿴

ǰͷһˮ鿣ҹ󸾻ǶͻһλݵģӢϡ






39.  ƿ   䥿Цá


˴һɫƽԽ, ޱ߼֧䷢ɣǳЦͬ˵
һ⣬, ž, ԵĹҲ

Ӣ֮л, 糣, Ǽѽ⡣

ʩ˵ӿ֪ˣ

ϢҪ·˼ȴѾҪˡЩһֱŵ, Цʵ⣬мصͷ, , лˡ

֮ͺαлϢղ֪üҲġ

Ӣûǲͨ, ֻΪǹ˼һҸž, ûü뵽ҲΪ⣬ʩ֮ƹǽȥˡ

ʩ˿ıӰ, ˻һ벻ͨ, סҡͷŹ֣Ź֡

ˮ鿱ϣ˵ڰο
һ, ǼҲǷֻ̩ǿϧˡ

˵ɫͻȻѿʲôϧϧģĸ֣ҡ

֪ʧ, Ｘ䣬ת⣬ǡκҵӣ˵ܹҪлλָʹаæˡ

䥳߹˵ɫѿҼﻹ£ˣͬ˵һ

ϯûأ

䥸ͬ˶ۣתѸˣѹͬ档
ϸ뷽Ͷ񣬲ϲҲûбˣЩԡ

վԭز֪룬Ҷʩ˴ˮһͷ߹˵˶룬Կϯˡ

ǽźٵģܲ׷ܳȥֻҰеɻ

-

ɽͳ˾گգȻȫȫβرͻؼˣЩӢѱ㼱侮ʯĲĻ㷣̫ӵ֪£ӱֱӽ˹

ʺͷ緢գŻб齱ߣ̫ͨӽҲֻǰÿƤһۣšüֽۡ

̫ʾ⹬Ƕ£ԽʺĦĻƣжȵ̫Ѩ

Σʺڿڣͷô̫࣬ӾȻϲ԰

̫ӵȷѾܾûаݼʺæֹ£ĸˡæڳ˳趨ʡĸ֣

̫мҲһˣĸʲôԹʺ۾˸΢΢ֱζؿ̫ӣӴˣԼ˼ҲƲϸˣǲǣ

̫ӲҷҲ֪α⣬ֻܸصͷ

һТϵģʺ󲻽Ц

Ҿֲ̫Ӷ꣬ȫ֮ȴ֪˸ʲôʺһһ䣬޲ҧѪ룬񾡹أ⻹ûλأ̫ӾҪƲҡԺλǲǾҪɱһɶҲŹ

ĸγԣ޴⣡

̫Ӵʧɫ󣬻ʺȴر

Ϻ幩ǸŲʲôܣүҲмĲߣϱϾǴ壬һøɸɾȴǱ
ΪԼ£Ϊ˼ҡ

ͳ˾鰸ϸ£Ӿһ·鵽ϣһߣ˳һ·ӽس͢ڲ鵽ϡ
Ľ²Ǯ˲ɰؾƤӵְҲ֣ͭĽܱɴ¶Ƶ˹˼ȥ

ɽΪ˼ֻͳ˾빬ʺԮʺյ̫ӵϢ֪ΪĽֻΪβΨһķӣʹΡ

Ϊٶͳ˾鵽ͷϣŪù˸

ϰ壬иҲΪСС̰߰˼үսʺݺһͨúù̶ܽӣְδߣʺ֪ô¡

β˵ĲҪƲ˼Ƕ̫ӲҹҪ˲ϣһ̫ӡ

ΣѣĪҪȥʲô䥣Ǹɨǣ˵Ϻ˳ӣӺáʺڽϹȻǺãöˣ㶫ǮܶĴλ

̫ҧҧеĸˡǶӣֻǹƣʢУ˾Ѳﲻ·ĸ׾ң

˾˰۵籦㵱Σ»˾ô᲻ϰ㣡ƫƫҲҪȥң

ĸ󣡡̫ȹǣˣѾɣֻĸң

ϾԼӣʺȻŭ໹Ǻɸ֡

ɽѾҪ뱣ס̫ӱֻʣһ·

϶ҰҸѾˣ̫ӵվϡʺ󵭵˾Ѿ˵̫ͣȥǸϾԼ׾˾ˣ̫Ϊ㡣ֻҪΪ䣬úҪ˾

̫Ӳй¶㲻ֻܹԹԵͷǡ

ʺѵ뼸䣬Ŷͷôĵ㣬ạ̊́

Ǳߣֻĸͬ˾˶

ĺɷġʺͷذֻ֣ǰúùҾͰӷˡ

-

˾ͳ˾͹Эְ̫Ļܻ¸Ķ˼ңӯ˹⣬ϵ䡣
ĿıңĽӻ꣬Ů̫淣֤ȷָĽܱ̫ʧ϶ҵס

ʵ֪ŭּĽնףϳţ˵ȫûū̫淵֪±ѣؿڶ

֮⣬ͳ˾ڽϸݻʱҲʵ¼˸ֵֺȻ֣ȴûҡ

ˮ֮ݴʷ꿪ԾȣƲͬӵٶѾãˮλǣֻ²ãؾ򻧲֣ȴûյš

ۿžҪˣۣɢ齫ҥԣöڻʳ˷׷״򿪿ơҾۣûձȥǼ۵ͱһЩ˾óаն˶ֵĴ

̻Ͽ֣ҪǮУ˹£ͨӵ̰ӡ۸ѹĵֻͣҲŻ˼ȱ֤ⲿƶƣֲӰ쵽ݳڵ

龫޲ôúݳŵֵҲúݳ˽Ҿеһؽ硣

º˲֮һ࣬ʵ۴ϲϴ巶󼸴μνЧ¡

Ѵѹ·һôǰѽϸȻˡԭɢ£͢Ҳһһʰɾֻصǰ̫ƽ

Ȼһжͬǰͬˡ

˰ж֣̫Ҳʵ۶ѵ⣬ǹйʹͼء
Ϊ֮ʤѳɶ֣˰һᣬֽ״ۡ

ʵû̫ӣȴҲֻЩӣûн
״֮ģȴŷʱ̫̣ϦĲڹˡ

˵Ӣƽˣ˼Լü棬ȴûյ

ʱ̫һУָӵİװףֽ۵÷ǻʵ۶аأࡣ
۹˼Ҿһ۵ЩԪԾûʲôæΪûԹԼ²ԲϼЩį

ֻܰŷšˣʱ齨øԱԭ˾ְΨжʱҹҹͳ˾˶θﻹи䥡

֪˼ôףʱǳġ䥣һͷƢ䥿Цá






40.  ͺ   Ҳǰѱ˷ǰͷ


Ƕ, ϵСͬ˻ż޵£ͳ˾ڶ࣬˴һ̴, ʱȴ˴멡

, Ҳ, ߵ, °ڴһѵϵҶˡ

, 治ңѾ˵Ҫ, ɶθ˾ǲߡ ¥һСŸ, ǽǼʲô, Ҳ, ҲſڣԿһ۰ɡ

Щθÿնͳ˾ſڣ˾ʶʱزؼ, ŵõ˾ڳֻṦ
¥ʱ˼ˣ˼˵ʲôҲ׻ȥ, һüʱС

ʵ¥Ҳֹǰͷʱ»ʱÿҲҪ, ʱæҡ
ѷ⣬ȫɴº̲鵵Ҳûʲô£ͳ˾ѵУûô, ʱȺȴǹˣͳ˾ߡ

¥ѺӣȰӣǿ쵽ˣͱȥһۣǿɲҰѶͽ

ʱššüģڸı⣬ȥǣȻŻϡ

˵Ҳ£˵ûҲû¡

̫һ˽ᣬΪǰҲ˳˽ˡ

Ԫһ·ϲףϻűҪ˲Ҫɱ˾ǣȴҲ
бɱǸʵƽ񣬻ʵԪףֻҪԭƿ

ڶʱʵȱ֮١ûбֳô鷳أʵ˵úܡ

˳žҪ£ʵֻ˵ԭû˵ʲôʱ򷢻ҲؼڽվͰ졣

ʱ߳ţԼȻţվ䥵Ůʹ

֪࣬ձҪͳ˾ġͳ˾ٺҲûмҺãصǲЩÿ·Եɡ

¥˵ˣһı·

ʱؼң䥸ɴĬؼҡͺ˪һǰƿ

ȴͷûб죬Ҳûж£˶һ䥡

䥴ϵϸϸһȦʱ˼£Ҳû֪ͳ˾Ҳò

üͳ˾ʲôøأҲˣҲСסһ

ʱסͳ˾˵ǹæʵ˶֪Դ˵ִ
ִΪ˼Ҷ𣬿ɶʱǰæԭȱ㲻֪ʲôǸ㲻ˡ

ͳ˾ӣʲô˶УҲɾؽ磬ʱĿ³
ʵϣһ䥣ı㲻ҪǲԼΪʲôˡ

ʱһõǰЩӹæ

䥴ǽվææ̷࣬͢޶ۣҲþǡ
˵ȹգһҪ³ģ

ʱæϳ£ڵĹ⾰ڵʵʵ

һ³ڣͷ͵Цϳԯϳؼҡ

¥ǣʱֻŶθһƨɣתһȦûŶʱԴֱЦ

-

ϱȲˮ֮ǰ¯ůܶϺձͷĺһ͸
ʱϳ֮һģһѴ

ϳʱһ¶һ½࣬һ·ͷնůúͮͮģһ壬ʶ

ϻضʱһʵ䥣Ժ̫ҽʱϸϸʹճҪעĵط

һʱ¶ҪѶʱȥҲǵŴ󲡹һͳ˾չ˲Լ

䥳ͷ仰֮ûڣ΢΢ţҲֻԼȹǣûʱͷһۡ

ʱϸϸ˳ڵĲãȭִ˼£һܲģ쳶Щ

Ȼͷ̷ϵĴ멸˻ȥ

̫ôȱ·һ̣ؼҾͺˡ

һ·ů濪Ŵȥֻ»

ʱƹ䥣һĳϣ˳ֽ˻ڻ

䥵ĶһڶʱؿڣȻܵЦʱ̧ͷƭҡ
ҪѿֱۣһǶϸ

ʱû֣鿪멽һϣͷıǼ⣬ˣȻˡ

ǣ䥵ĺһɾ䥱ڻ־չţֺЩ

ʯ·ͷﲻߺͣ˶⳵䣬еͬ޹ء

ãһûһµؾŴϵëƤͬˣÿβҵʱҡҶܺ¡

Թ˼ҵΪһ֪ҲֲΪʲôҪЩӶʱظθֻһƵģίܡ

ʱ̾Ǹҡֻǡԥһû˵ɣǲһˣҲǰѱ˷ǰͷ

˼ңԸͬ˼ɷϵǣӢȷж

Ӣݺβԣӵ˶ȫĲҾ磬δǣʣ¶ʱ֫ȫػţ㷢ʵ۶Զμž顣

˼䥣һΪҲΪպʱܷ䥾ͳһߣϾӢҲΪ˶μҲű壬ʱҲÿռõķϿһ

˭֪ʱݳϲΪɵͳ˾·ɱ޼ɣӲʲô棬˼ΪŻ壬Ҳͣչ
Ҷʱ£µҲܰȶա

˭Ҳû뵽ȨĶʱ˭Ҳȴ϶ƵƵ˼Ű;ϵİ壬Լһ

ʱ£жμ㸲ʱĲңл¬ʹ죬Ļ䥡
ǶμҸ֪ԼĶǶμҵĳˣ֪жΪѡ

䥲֪ĳٽᣬֻ˵ˡ
ʲôܰѱ˷ǰͷŲڱԹ

һţϺϼԽʱ״üĶͷˣôôپͳš

ͣˣͷںõӽ³Ƕ޿ɶʱƿ·ѳȥȴʱס

ôһʱ멸ϸãˡ

ô·䥹˳صͷԼϵ´޳ָźɫϵѴ멸ңô졣

ͷЦӷģʵ·͵ſˣ䲻ŵġ
䥳ʱ˽ůãȥһȽСˣ³ʱ䣬ů·һֱţ˿쵽˲ó

Լһʱȥ˻ؼңȴŪʦڡ䥲뵽ͬʱڳ˵Ҳ֪ȥ١

һʱŭӣ䥱ֵ˶ʱһۣŴ³ʱɵĪҲ³Ȼ·ǰ

˽ùԼϣô㹦Ѿ̤ˡ

ʱ߹ȥȴɫݣֿŵ߹ŵŮӣԵķҲٴС





41.  ͺ   գô⡭


ū, ݼ
ŵŮƼʱֳӯӯһݣչ¶, Ȼתġ

ȶԼܶٸ, ɫѿ, һתͷʱûѵ, ˼شģһ

Ǵճϲ֮һ, ҲҪǰںԺʱһġ
ǰЩӶʱڼ, æΪ˼ҵ±, ˺Ժôһˣǰر, ˻û, ûʩչˡ

ȭͷסߣ, ʲôȥӼѰɡ

ȴίü, ūӻ֮˵ѵûҪлһˡ

ױ, ۽üţմ۵飬һȻģҼ
ǰҲǿˣ˶ƴ, ̫ƴˡ

ʱҪ˵һҲݹлҲлˣԻȥˣȻӻҪҽΡ

Թؿһۣҡҡͷü˳۵ӲżūǲͬģֻǡаͶʱвǧ⣬ū޶ۣȲֻܳ࣬ЩԱ⡣

ʱѾûˡ

ƣһЩҪôֺҪôͨЩֶץѱʱ⹴
ٲȻһЩСټҵŮòãپӸλδȢޣʹЩʸ

ͳ˾˼ذӣֶ֮ţࡣ
ԼҼ⾰󣬵ͷһء

˵̵Ҳİ

ͳ˾̽ǧϢ˵̷˾ͼ˹ݣǸسĺԺҲߡ
ϵİСᣬŲʲô˵Ķ£Ҳֻ·

Ķͷ弸µĻżʱ˳·ˡ

˵ֶΣĪ˵ǻŮӺͺլС檣ǹҲõĳԹУĿȾأҲ˾ȡ

öʱȵĲģ䥡

ʱĳĿϲ븮䥵һӦҲŭСؿҪô檡
˵Լʼɡ

ʱʱ»ϲУôͷһˮȵҲ伸֣ο飬Ȼó䥶⡣

·һˣȴͷرռСèצؾֵĵоһ㱻Ĵ
ǴڵȥؼңҲǴǰ¡

ʱǹûԼ۾ĵİ

һЦڳ˶ˣΪĶ˼֡


ûɵаԽʢǰһİ

Ǳ˭һѣصʯ·ϣӡ

䥰ѰѾ͵ˣûԵ£Щȥ°ɣǿŶ䡣

Ĳˣֻһ˫۾Ŷʱʱ类קȥˣͷҲûء

߲ˣֻСˣǹæλݡ

СҪ֣ȴܿǣ汻ӣֻ¾϶ʱĴҲò֡

ͷģĹϼЦ˵ҲûЩԼߡ

-

Ѿ뷹ˣ䥿ʼȣȴԼˡ

һʱػѾ֣Ҳûп鶬츬ǻһ˿Ц䥱ơ

´Ҳ۽Ƴüۣ˼ҵ磬ûܵһӰ졣

뵽ЩŮӸսʱͬʱЩһأ˵Ϊʱ飬㲻ԸԵͣԸ檡
ʱĪίﻹһ˿

ʱʱ뷨ûЩŮӣҲ񣬻ı뷨Ҳ˵

ϣ檣ûȢϣӢ飬ҲݺݺƣֻΪֶûӰˡ

䥷ԼľѾͬȲԸԼһ˴ڶθҲԸͬʱʲôˡ
뵽ʱԼϸᣬҲȫϣЩʳ֪ζ

ͻȻһ£һŮӴſڣ㺹죬˿
ѵû÷̷ɡ

Ҷ׷Ϲ޴ӣһûˡھʹߡ

ţһūҲңҿǺү!ŮǲŷҲ΢΢ӡ

һûڶˣǲ֪ø˭

ʱûϣҶЩ֪룬ȵؿ䥣̤š

ԺʮŮ˶Ǵӹģͬͱʶ˸׽ЩǶū澳ڹź˵Ļƣθ࣬𡢲ðطĳԴöȣոһձ㱻ĥ־

ΨĻţãȴϵ֣Ϧķ϶գ

ʮǷϲģϲ̼࣬ͳ˾˾ţڳ֮ȨҲ⴦ǡ

Ĺ۲ãθλӱ϶ʱٹңдκò׻Щȥ鷿˯һ
ſ̽һ·û֣ϵܵԺţ˵ʱɶֻϧ䥰˸ˡ

ô˻ټӰѾϾʱ֪ʲôʱŻٻ˶ڷϣٶʼɣҲûٴһΡ

ģپޣʲ࣬ȴʤ齿ᣬʤѩ·ʱֲʤ̬֮

Ϊơƺ͸ľҺע뱭У輡壬ԴЩ㣬֪Ƹ˸㡣

ضžƱʱ̧֣ͣҪӹƱʱ̲סžһ¿ӡ

ʱһֱĶ̿ЦθڣǸɵʲôơҶ֣ʾ⽫ȥ

Ҷɴ⣬±ȥʱֺЦس䥵һΪҪ̶أ

ʲôûҲû뵽Լˤӣ̲ס˭ľҲȣҲ²ɾ

ʱЦ˼ס˵ľҶȣֻСҵľƣòã

˭Ҫ㵹ơ䥱ŤŤֵҿǸģ˭Ҫҧһڡ

˭ҲҧֻСҧòãʱ˵òУ䥳ԴǼõϲ¡ϲΪ

ˣǡ˷ǰͷǡϲΪ

գôô

ʱ߶䣬Ҫҧ죬һ£æס

û¶ʧ飬䥱һڣԷԷ˶ٶ츬ﶼζ

ʱʶùƱֱ䥴򿪡

׼ľơúˮĺʲôƣˮͺˡ

޹ǿϯϵģһ˵ֱ㲻׼ˡ

ʱҲþƣ⻰ͷæһЦ⡣





42.  ͺ   ͷöʱһĿѣԣ֡

֮ǰʱסͳ˾, Ȼлر䥵˼Ҳйȥ鷿, ֱʱŻݡ

붬, ıɸʵ, Ҳһʱָؿùľ, ֿ䥡

ƣסǿ˵ʡ̿𡣡

ʱжûؼ, ΪǻûüĴϣԵĥ´ʱ, Щȵס֡

ֻҵСһ¾Ͳ, ʱ䥴ӱ﷭Сͮͮ, дŵί, ˮ۾ǿߡ

ʱ΢Цôˣϵ, ú˯·

򴽣ɴ, Ĳס

ţʱ״ҲñӸס, ס֣ʲô

ն֪أʱֵһۡ

㲻ҪңҪ˭˺ܾ, þҲ˵ˣǺԺЩˡǡͳ˾С

ô뵽ǵطȥˡ

ʱЩ㶣һյľϲʵ̫࣬ȴЩ⣬㲻ˣ㲻Ը£Ҳǿ

ŭһѣô˵Ϊ㡣

ɻ꣬˿ʼһҹһֱͬ޲ͬ䥲£ɶʱҲż
ϵڣŪڱΪ潡

ԽԽί۶⣬ʱʲô

ﰮ㣬ûˡΪ֤һ㣬ʱǣַŵǰȥᣬֻǡ֪ΰ㡣

ʱҲǸӣô䥲ΪɫȴҲΪɫ
̫࣬һڶμʱȥôͳ˾ĥ

ΪԼ·ܺáǸԱСڳˣҲ̫ģֻԸȵعһ
СͻȻˣ޸һһε

·ġ

ͷöʱһĿѣԣʮֻ̻ڵؤͻȻһ顣
ֲ֪Լۣѡ񣬻ϲ䵽Լϡ

䣬˴˵ĺһܲȣʶ㿪ʱ׷ȥա䡣

䥱׵Դе£Ŭ۾׵ͷȴص§š

䥱öЦˣǰЩַεıܻͼ۾һᣬֳѣһ̽
ʱء

ʱ治̣סҲֻǵһСҪȷʲô

䥱۾ҿ㵽вС㰡

ѾļޣǽղɣֻԺ󶼲ˡ

ССʱͻʲôϣͷһ˫ֱۻս䥶á

ҹҶ˪¹ͷ˸һľӨںӳɴڲס⣬ִɢԵճ
ҲеӣĶƲﲻҳ



ӲƤͬ˵

ǰ˵ˣԺЩŮӴãײǰصȾʣûָʹܷ䡣

ŴЦ⣬䥲Ϸ˺һױۡʱǼһƬ죬Ϊʲôӣ϶»Щڲס

ʲôȥˣ

䥼ǵҹѹһأ̫ӣֱů¯ƵĶȥţȵһֱû˯̫
ʱ䣬ֻǴů¯ߡ

ֻ˵ͳ˾Щû죬˱з

ǰϸһšüǿŮӣҪͳ˾Ұɣ

ĻںԺأҶѵ䣬ǰ벽Ҳ롣Цˣͳ˾СҲǹٲ棬ҲŹ

Ŷ⵹ǡګګӦӻתְ˿ƶʻʳģˣ¡Ҫô

ϰָ룬㲻ʺ϶Ů죬ʲô߽ǻ˵·һϲͨ

ױ׵ȥǰ˽ԺĹǶ뵽ǰ
ĵЩ˼ݲõشڸʱ־ᶨΪҲѱǻ᲻˵Щк顣

ʱԺԺ⴦ã˵ıȾʺܷųȥҲһ㡣

ͬǶʱģںԺסֻʣ°˸ˡƽʳöϴӲǣ϶ѣʡ·ޱ߻ս

λϣϸϸغһѲ裬ûм˵

Щ˱Ҫ򷢳ȥģǶǹˣǴ򷢣Ҳи˵ͷ

һֱŮӲЩ㷣һü̲סӿ嶣ǼʵֵģͬԼֹǿͬûϵ

ʵ֣²ðɡ䥷²룬°̧̧Ҷɡ

ҶǣóһƺĲӣһһ

գͬ˺ߡ
ʮգ֣ͬʧһ
գʧһԡ


һһţŮӵɫþ֣һзǵһڵأԽŮҪȴ

ΪˣҲݼ⡣ڶθԴöȶ˹ҶҪʲôȴȴǰڹһٺԼС

θӺգؽǱ˼ҪĲ

ʼ±ƵýˣżԼȴ½壬˵ͷֻģԼҵճֻҲǲУþȥЩӡ

ȻǵӱЩʲôӡӡĽڼϡŹֵ˵ͬҶʧҶͳͳϣȴ֪һжǼڲᡣ

Ҷ꣬ǵСڵ˼ҲվøԶһЩŲӵǺ⣬Ƿ˳ּģټĺѲճöȶô

༥ճöȣҵûļҵĹȥ˼Ҽͣܽ˼Ӷյġ

Ҫ죬λﶼǹĹͣءֹ̧һĲƽϢġ

¼Ůֲڳʲô˫ɣ˵

ﶫ࣬ЩҲֻٴļͥҲġ䥵˵ҲͣҲܵиޣܲôÿûֵһֱڶθԺ

ûݣΪĸƶʣֻµĶʱӲ̤ԺҲûԵĿɽֻ˵Ի

䥵λҪ鶨λ֣͵ĿˣǸ檡





43.  ɢ   ǾԹ³


ڴڶ, »屻θû˵֪, Ƿǳϲ͸ʱ檡

ǵȻǡȵĻû˵, ȴקס֡

λﶼǼ, ͷҲм, ˶θ֮ 䥵һЦ, λڶθѾã˼˿йҡ

, ûԼ㲻ū, Ҳ檣Ҳǵ븮ʱ, ûǵ˵Եʡ

⻰ϲɫ, ãһ˵ǲȥأ

գգۣȥ, £Ҳɡֻ, ʾƣóűֽθ, ǩ

㿴ңҿ㣬һʱò⡣

ʱǳȨ󣬶θ˸˵û˼Ǽٵġһ, ձ㱻Ժڲ׼ţֻʸʱҲûôס

ЩӲûΪѼˣóԺúȵعšΪǸľżȴͻȻѣֻ¾˶θԺҲûôù

˻ԥʱǰһݣӣԸҡ

ͷҲ׷ǰͬȥǱӹȥ˲ű빬УܻؼȻǺá

䥴óƱָǡ

ЩǸǵİǮǼȿȥҲҵ鷳ЩǮҪǵļˣ˽⣬ȫԼ

⵹֮ϲƱлɴˡ

һ벻ô׾ͽˡ

Ӧһס˰꣬͵ЩʲôҲûҲưˡ

ˣӲô

ĬĬãǱģԺȥˣҲ֪Ǻǻ

ûˣλԴе㲻ڷʲô

ǺǻԼѡģӾƣҲܲ˼Ҽȥ

ǿһЦüɫδɢ

-

ֵߵҶ类ɨɾ϶ͺͺģ˫ֹȥ֮ǰɫ

µӣǮӭӿСЩҲ֪ЩǿˣָʹҪ˵ģ

̫һ󣬶ʱνĿģҵ߶Ŷθͳ˾ȻҲ֪ʱı仯

ǰλָʹǺ޲סͳ˾ñģиԼɢҡ
ν磬ӢڣʱŸɼ㱻ĥ־ʵϧʵۡ

⻰˵ô䥲Ȼ

Ǯ˵Դ˵֮󣬶ʱԽˣǵˣȴǡ

ҵǮ磬ǰЩӵ˼ҵ飬˶θ¶ʱڼԼˡ

Ǯ֣һ·ͷɪ壬תһƬ̣ɾ

뿴ˮǴׯȪˮŵ¶ȡ Ǯʮֵ⣬ָܵľⶼǴϱ߶ĻľȪˮһֱţֻʱڡ

̰µұ죬һһεطַȥֻ»̼кȻ
棬̫һǸһСС鷳ı䲻ʲô

ſ佱䣬ǮӻԵĿˣ䣬˵ָҪˮֿΡ

ǹ֮ŮĶϱ¹سӣ൱ԽŵҲس׵ھ졣

䥴ǰͬҪѰطȴû뵽μ֡

ӴⲻǶָʹҵǺþòôҾҪ߰

ǰͷԹ϶ŮΪ̫飬˲ԽĹۼŵģûء

ǲ£ʶֻŴתһȥǽ뿪ҲкǮӽõģ˿ȥѰ˻

Σζ˵ˣҲֻܻʩ񣬡ӡ

μ֮ЩԣǻȵסòӷɸʤǰֻǡϻЦţȴô£֪ӻǲǵþѾ顣

˵ǹá

ȥ˼ҵӶ˻ϴ˵ԷƵģתˡ
ϸϸѾûյõϢˡ

ӣôˣ

ϸϸı飬ǳģɵü̵Цˡ
˶࣬ӲȥƧ̸

ôĸۡ䥵ͷӦ¡

ͦϤԺӣת˼䣬ߵһ᷿ſڣ䥱ûǰߡ

䥵˴Ѿûˣʲôֱ˵ɡ

ȴǰһ־Ҫæ֣ΣΪ˴йߣ

㻹Сģ޲ɱ㣡һɣֱ߬סѲãίúۿ

üʲô£һֱҵţǳʲôˣ

Ц⸱ӣݵһϷƭ˼¡ƭõ𣿡

˦֣ô£㲻ңô֪ʲôϷ

Ϊ˼ҽˣ˵һϢҲ֪

ס׷ʵ˵ȥ𣿡

Ȼ治֪ҡҡͷ䥵ãĻװòǽͶ˾Լһӣ˹˼ƽ

һֱûϢΪԹԼûȰʱͬԼƢ

ԭǽˡ

ǽһĺʵгĻӣҲҪ˵ãκһŮӽ˹ס

οԲȰɣ˸˵ôףˣһҪõӡ

䥺Ȼ뵽ʲôǡͬƽ𣿡

ƽⶼ֪οЦҪˣƼ˵ֲϡʱ˼Ҹո·ǰֲϣ˼Ʋǡ˵Ҳãʡжһġ

ԽԽͿ֪Ӣǰݸ߲ȵ֮ˣ겻ʱڲˣҲΪ˼ҳ±ס

μ·֮Ϲ򶫹Ԯ̫ӱܶҽȥȴں󹬣ֱ˲ܻع˼ҡһ˵Ѿˣôᡭ

ɫҰףͻȻ뵽ԹϣӸã뻨ףͬӢͷ·

㣬㣡κݺݵס䥵ֱۣͬʱôĵزԲǻ˼ζģȴƵȥȥ

˵ȥǰӣҧ䥣޲úѪ⡣

ͻȻӦ߬ס֣˵ģͬûйϵʱ鰸û˽Ҳûп⹹ݣҲʵ޼ƿʩǹ˼ԼģƾʲôһƵͷϣ

áõúšðٰΪ˵û˵õѣ˵ҼˡЦ֪Цʶ˲壬Ц䥾ϲ⣬ʱû˽㸸ǣأȴôӵһɶ

-

ǮӴҴҸϵˮ鿣֪ȥ˱ĵطʱвãץ˾ǵȥĶˡ

Թ۵ĹɻżɣͬӶʶˣҲֳÿ

ѽ㲻֪ǾԹ³𡣡ǮһͷղѣôҰ˷һ𰡣






44.  ɢ   СҪˡ


Ǯӵʱ, Ѿȥֻһֱվԭء

ôˣ

䥻γѣǿһЦ, Ǹ, ѵ, ȴҪˡ

ǮȰɫ԰, Ϣһ߰ɡǰͷиͤӣҷȥǶһ

ҡͷлĺ, ָ˼ҡʵǲ, ǲͷˡ

ǮӼҲ˵ʲô䥻ص, Ƽɫ㱻һô, ۸ˣ

ֻҡҡͷ, һ˫۳ؿųһǣֱصθҲδٷһ

һݱԼͬԭΪ, ˼Ŷý֮£ֻȥ鷿˶ʱ

ȥô, Ϊôͻʱһ·šüдǣ㽫ϯ䥱νгȥ˽̸¸

ʱߵ, Сң㿪š

䥵͸Ű壬еƣֻһô

ʱ, ˶˺ֵֻһˣҪҽȥô

ͣһЩȣã˵Ժȥһ˽

ʱˣŶ룬ɫƽǿ޹ӣ㶨˶

ôˣôʱӣǰСϯôԺȥǡ

Ϊרעؿֻһˡʱÿһ˫ǣÿÿ񣬶Ϊ֮ۡ

ܿ񣬡Ҫ㡣

ţã˵ʱ֣߬¶ȲԣԼůš

̧ͷãлҪ㡣

ʱϣԳһŵ£СҪʲô

µָ΢΢ʵ˵Ҹ̫֮±ǣˡ

ʱһüٿʱ㽵Щ¶ȡ

ǰЩӽ֣˳ûЩҥϾմΪ棬³çر˱¡ҥԱ֤αһʱǨŭ㽫մѷųˡ

˵Ҹô챻ųĸ

ʱҡͷǱմ˲Ǵ󣬱Ҳ㲻ʲô

ƲһɶжۣûʵǲԾ

ãͬ޹ء䥵ͷֱ˫ۣ빬һ£֪

ʱ̾һ˵ģҲԸΪ˹˼˳ܡ

ûҪܡͳ˾Ŀ鼰£б·һλˣ˻⣬ɶָʹӦյϢ˰ɣ

ǣ֪Σʱס֣СǲҪ˵˼˺òá

ãһ䡣 񶨶ؿýһ£ͬûйϵ

ʱ֪Լװ⣬赭дؾͽһĨȥѾˣ˼ҲʲôûüסΣȴҲý֮ٴη

µȷͬйءýŹ˼ȫûһϵֻ޲ý˼źá
ԭóѵģô꣬ʩչ⼿˵˻˵ֲġ

䥳γ۾ʱȴ˵ЩŪ˵Ļ

Сǣ࣬ҡ

ã˦վǲſʱʮ꣬Ҳͬ˼ʲô㡭ôܺͷϣ

ʱƢüģҪĽܣ˼Ҿܽʵ֤ز御

Ǳ̡Цţ۽ȴᣬôˣһжָʹͬµֱʣν˾󣬲һϷ

ʱʱδ䥣Ҳ֪飬Ҳ졣
ֻЩѹ

С鼫Ϊӣ˼Ҳ޹Һ͹֮䣬˼ˣ͸

ϻ˵ҸգĸƣҪҼǵͬ˼ûֹϵ䥵ıܵҲᣬ¾˭ҿǼǲˣ㣬ǵı

ʱüԳֽƣǸʱҿڲԣС

תͷŴ⣬䰡ҼǵʱҲһ죬ڻЩμѹ˹ҲͻռңûãֳҲ塣

ȥ磬ϧ䥻ٱʧѣ㽫ͬйŮӵһҲڴС
꣬һԶŮڳıӻ¹û㲻ֱصռңαһ

ֳߺƫŮЧҲʱֻС͵СĸµĽȥְ̿𻻳̿ɴ̿ûˡһֱң̽ŷѾնա˼ҽȥŮѧû̿Ҫܹߣ͵͵̿ҵҾġ

ʱʱݺ󹬾ϣǸˣܹ˵ͷ䥣ʲôҲû⡣

䥰齱ߣվֱͦɫƽ˵Ļȴ˺飬˼гޣҪ˼Ѱ˿ָժμ·ʱòܽǣȴеﶼӦϡȥٿǸʵǡ޷ܡ

䥳ź˰ĶԺպÿճסȥ
ȥʱɫֻûֹŸҶ֡

һһذȥɫ谵Ľ򣬶ʱһֱûиĻλá

-

˲źûãְᵽԺȥʱҲͳ˾úõһݾͱˡ

ǴʲôĶУе˵ʱͳ˾õڱ֣䥴ŭȴǵöʱɴͰȥͳ˾е˵ʱڴ䥵ɫѹ䣬ָס

ʮֵǣʹΣ֪¹ش󣬲¶һڷ磬ֻ˵ԼԸʱȴĴ

ϢӶθͷȥ𽥴˾ǣ䥵ڲТ֮һƶʣֱǵ

ӢҲ˵ϢʱðɣƣֻҪȥͳ˾ˡ

ϻӢ֮󣬶ʱǿ˸ķͳ˾˳Ƶһζʱͳ˾Ŷθи࣬Ժʱû϶ٹҲŭʢ

Сֱ˵Ҫǹȥˣ߱ǡ

ֳȱˮɣ͵ز 䥿Цã˵ˣǶμҸߵȥأ

ط㣬ȥáӢüĿʱǸöٴҪ۸ùͷʣ

ֳңʲôµġ

ӢȴɫһͣβŵСҪˡ

䥵ɴ۾Żؾã²ǲŷΪͳҪȥģ







45.     ССҡ

, û٣ؽͬضãһʱ, ƼҾȺ, ֻܴ֮Ӫ

Ѿ, ҲѼΪ˸, ӢúǣҵػȻȴ֪ͬʱì, ָӡ

Ӣ⾩ģÿ˶кüĳƤ, Ҳûʲô˼, ɴһˡ

Ƥһֳ, ýǰ, ˵˼Ҫͬƽף㡭

ԭӢǲǸûҪ˼ҽ, ǰʱ˼ס˼ңöʱù˼ҪЮȹ빬
Ҳûʳڡ

С, ǲԸͬߣҪθﳤõȥ㲻Ҫ͹˼ҺͶμҵ¡Ӣһ, ʱرִ׷ֻ»˷֡

Ȼ֪μͬ˼ҵľҲΪʱ¡

ҲͰˣֳҲ, 治֪˭ˡ 䥲ɿЦͬôСһ𳤴֮࣬

Ƕ֪Ѿ˶޿ٸģ䥳˸ʱҲûбİ취
ľֹҲǲ֪ô˦һǵ

ӢԶβ侮ʯתͷĶ࣬ʱԹȴмΪӢ̾˿˵ãܽߣô鷳¡

ĬĬãһֳҪߡ

ǰӢֻǰΪѡΨһ·ٴ䥣ΪƼҾͬա
أڰգΨԲסá

СӢɫҲǸֳ

䥺ܿһ˿ѹ䣬ֳػӰգõֳھܰȶգҲ˱߾ĸգȥ⣬֮ǴܵӢۣȴֻһֳϣƽǰɱʱҪ˻ڵҡ

СˣӢҲ۾Ͽɲ˰Ҳͣ䥵ͷҲҪƽĲ˾ʱʱҪ۸㣬дŸңҴ壬ͻˡ

װ˵صͷ۽ȴˮĻӣӢƼˣȴҲ˵ơǷ֪βã֮ȥֻҪӴֲ֪ʲôʱˡ

ӢջǷŲգǷŲʱʱŵĵˣͺξһʶ帻󣬻ѡӡͬǣһȶĴܺ͵ȴļˡ

֮ͳһְȱ̫ͬλûڹܺΰϣаӿ˵֮λ᧿Σ

ڣ϶ֵأҼһæɨţ¾ҷ
йˣдɽϦ𻨻ᡣϳǲŮٶϽ棬ǻʹǵ̯ӱΧһȦһȦСϷġӾʩչȭţһһĸߺ

ͬμȴûϵλƢʱûţҲû˼ãֻɨϰ׽Ķˣ㽫ǶŻؼˡ

Ƹĸã䥸ѹǮؼңһȥڸ䥡

ϦգƳϯúҲˣټĶθֻʣ²ʮˣǲڣϯݿ顣

ûãͷһ£Ǻ¥ˡ

ӣȥɡ¥ͷǺϽαַˣ

ٿڵҲû

-

ڵͷﲻһ󷭹һ󣬶θůμ·ϣѵһһŲڡ

һ·߽ͳ˾ʱôĻѩΪɨ壬һȼﻹҪ塣ϺֽǾɵģ紵øѷ࣬һһݡ
ϵǹ˵ĺձ¥ձ䥹ȥֱͷײһ

δȻҲ֪ʱͶʱǸʲô󡣷ڷŵ£ľڽ䣬ϡϡߵСϷɢİʱڴϣ̺죬촽࣬˫ĿգǻԲѡ

ϸźıӣҲĸů¯ӣһֽ̽ŶǱġ

æŵ¯ȥֽзϽȥոӣԺôûչȥûУ

¥ΪѣµģҽݶˣǴ󳯻ᣬ̫ҽԺҽٶڹû˲ġ
˵ʱǰձЩȴһֱӲŲϢձֱӲˣϵĺ⼸̿趼Ǻ¥ġ

ڱӵŶʱ֣ûһԼֶƵġϹ̵֫ģȥֻ»ǣˡ

ԭǰѡҽģ֮ǰ˼ҵֵķ㽫ϵǺڲַŵ̿ůůȥʱ֡

ͳ˾ҪôҪôؼҹ꣬˾ֻʣ¶ʱͺ¥ˡ

䥼¥ʱʱɫûǴĻǳɼ˰ɣǼڵȣȻȥɡ

ӿˣҲǸǧڹ߰ǰģƵʲôˡ ¥æҾӺӣӣҼСȷкޣһؼأɹΣҲ߰

صͷû£ңȻȥɡ

¥ƶʱֿһɫⷬ⣬˱鷳ˡ

¥ˣȺý䥷һͭ裬ˮȥһ˼ңûڼһˣѶҪ̳Ҿơ

ͷֻʣͬʱ

䥽ʱմʪˮ£¥ϾǸˣȲŮϸģʱƳһҲ֪

һ꣬Ҳ۳һڴ΢΢ʱ΢΢ſ߽Щʲôȥ

ССҡ

䥣Ժغŵͻرһᡣ

ʱ׵ϾѾȢ¸ӣﻹǵӡӺУҲѵܼϰ һ档
ԼӣҲͬģһȲֻҲ

-

ʱůУʱѴܵر˱۾̧ڵʱԼֱ۱סˡ
תͷһֻ¿ͷһ˫ֱ۽§

չһҹҾƲϵظɢȣˮů֫ãòײˣͷ

ʱպǲ֣䥼θϱӶɴͱһ˯ˡ

ۼˣƤϣҲֻü㣬ʱæסߣüͷչʱŻ

̿̿Ϩ䥲Ҷʱľڣֻ΢ռϣԷԭֻֽǿòϣԵס硣

ʱɻԭ۹ϸϸġ䥵Ѿûô׽ؼˣ᲻ôۣ־δѣҪ䥡
ҲָֻⴥһĽë㽫

֪˶ãʱԺ˯ȥʱѲڴϣǴһ׼뿪ӡ

æסС㡢Ҫȥ𣿡





46.     ￴

Ҫȥ𣿡

˱ô, ڶʱ仰оһ˿ײĻ̿֡

ĲѾˣҲˣʱȥˡ

š䥵͵͵Ӧһ, ûסȰ, ̫ҽ˵岻, Ҫز, ôڣֻ»Ӱ

ϻͳ˾Ӷʱؼʱ, ʱܽԼչ˺õģô˶, ֪, Լڳ
У¥Ƕʱĸ, ʱز, ȥҴ򣬷ȥ䥣䥵Ȳ, һ㶼Լӡ

￴ߣǶʱĿ, ʱȷʵǲˣ߽Ͳĵơ

ʱֱڴ, Գûǣҵģ೤أҲͽˡ

֪ڿװȴǲһҪܿ췴Ӧ, һŭͷ

ԼģҲԼģ㰮ڱȥԼ֪Ҫ´¥Ҳ

˦ºݻҪߣʱͷһС治ԭ𣿾Ϊ˹˼ˡ

˵òνġ˼ˡҵѣо֮ڹ˼Ůѧн̣˼Ҳн֮תؿʱȴڴĿʱͷ֪˼ҷ˴ϷŹ˼û׷Ѿʮֿˣʵû

ǧͷֻ˵˾䣺Ǹ

תߵøɴ࣬Ǻͷ׷ϣһҲûͷ

˼ҡ˼ҡ
˶ˣʱǸģ˼ãֺ̧ݺݵ̡

-

תڣ𽥻ůϴϢ˵ݵ鲻õƣݴʷҲᣬļѾ

ȥ궬ѩµúҵþǵ²㣬ǰͷͳ˾̰ʱֶκ棬඼ϣԶȴ˶

ѩ׷ֻ꣬Ҫƽƽضȹܱɻˡ

Ҳݱ֮ţһס˾ġֻǳ룬ԮãƼҾѵأдָӣк֧Ԯ±ء

ˣھҽϸҽºôסһֻǲɱ˲м
˽٣ԾϲƱ͢򺡹ǣ֮֡ʵ۵֪ϲʤ῵һӦȫӦ¡

һƬϲٽڣ񲿼㣬ٴһ̷˾輧־ʩչȭţݸΪʵף٣ȳϦҹ绹Ҫּ֡

ʵѵøˣѵþˣ˼ֱ˳ٸȥˡʺλţвݣԹձ±ȥģ˾ٿ²Ϲء

ۺΪ·򸾱ʣ˷աաֽգʵ۶Ӧá

ֻǹأг꣬粻֪ضٻˡ

ˣɵһʱ⣬ҶϢ֮գ³

ʺǣŹ˻Ъȴ֪ԼѾͷ

Ϣʱʵ۸ոշҩЪ£ڽ˯δ˯ʱһűһŵΪԼˡ

ʵ۷Ӧŭɶ·̤߳ȥʲô鳳µģ

ٸĹǶڵϲ˵޵滨꣬Ѿǿ޵ô£Сˣ

Ƨ꣬ʢ費˥ֱȥźò׵˸ӣȴڻʵʥٵС

ʵһŭδƽһŭ𣬼Ҵҵظȥ̥ѾóȥˣǽѪ̫ҽ͸£һߴ

ŨصѪˡ

ʵæǰˡСҪ͸翴ݣȴֻһӰ

žǵһ˵빬˿Ҳ㶯

£ǣܡ

Ѫ˵˰˵ˣʵ۵ò֣ȫ̫ҽͷϡ

ô£ÿ˵ƽô޹СȺʬλز͵ľҷȫϳȥննˣ

̫ҽǿֱԩ֮ΪּϲʹɫڹǰǯסһҪ̫ҽϳȥն

²ɡ¡ǿǱʥ٣üѪ⣬˵ġͽɱǴĲ

˺ѷε˵Щһ̴ٺסؿԣҪѷҲȳ

Сż𣺡ʺݵ

ʺ˴ӴϽ𣬷ǸȰ棬Ҳص˼̫ҽѾͽɱҡһ˿񣬡һֻûԵ֡

йʺ޵£ʧҲѴ̣ʵָŻʺɫ䣬ֵǰС⣬ģҡҶ˵

һ䵽ʺһֱŻֻܽͷأڸסԼ

̫ҽǽٺͷлһ۵ĺȻˡлҪ˵

ʵšüҪ˽ȥȴҭͬ檵ĺй𣿡

̫ҽͷأ΢Կʵ֤ˡ

ʵۣʵ˵ˡ

֮ǰǳֵ̥ȴǿʢϲ޹С

ʺ󷢾ãֹСѧղĽ¿ضūҺߣ

Ѿ̫̫ҽļͷֽֽд浵ϲҺԡＱѪʱ̥ҩ£³ͻһ࣡

ʵһûվסһϲæǰסвɶŭ£

ʵһץסֱۣɫݣ㡭ˣǸӡ

ϲᣬ޵ñ˭ңʢ꣬Ҳиģӻеġ

ʵ۷˶񣬡Ҫ£󹬣ˣȫҪ顣

ʺҪּȴʵ۵£Ҫȥ죡ųϲֱۣ£ֻ㣬ȥ

ϲּţʡ࣬лʵۿͣ¶Ҫָ
̶һʱйȫգ֮໥ලκ˲

ʺƷӡͳʵȴ½иϲ˾ǲ

裬ʺɫ׵£檵ҲҪ𣿡

ϲֻصʵ̣ʵ۷ϡ
Ҫҵǰһõˣʺһףкη塣

ʺʧһߡ

-

Сعһҹ֮󣬻ʺ󱻽㣬ϢһҰ𶯡

µĹϵָ̫ǿ̫ǲ֪̽ϢͳǹˣѺصܲ͸磬Ҳ͸

·֮ѹգûһϢ̫Ļֻ֣̿ܳ巵˭Ҫ࿴һۣʵȴٳٲټֱɢʱóϲţضȥҪٹ

̫ӹһ죬Ѿ֪ϥǣ米Ҳǽֱģʹ£ĸɻ

̫ӽ֦ҶǴܴмΣûϲʣʾǰϲϣ亦

ǰͦһҲû߿

ĸ㣬ʷСҲٲһԵɣȴȵûãջȰ̫ӲҪóȻٶþ䡣

ϣѾ˻ʺףǲǾ͸õ̫ˣ





47.     ܲҿһۡ

ǰнϻս, С󡢹ңԣ˵ⶼޱ, 콵ԤʾʡԵʡ
ʥѲ, ̩ɽл̡

ڳæֹ, λܹ, мĺս£ǰϢʱ, Ѳһ˲ƣʵǲף

ʵ۳Ŷͷ, ϲŭѱ档

éɽ, Գˡ԰ףüëͺһ, һ˫۾է֡
ƶԹغ, ǴܵİգԵΪܹ롣һ˦˰Ѻ, ϣȵҹһ۱֪

ʡ, ࣬ΨΪ⣬Ϊͷȫ, ȴܺûʵ۶Ųɡ
ֻ£ҲԸͬѲ¹ش󣬾ò

ʷҲ׷׳нԣݵ˵², ڲУЩ˵ң»ײʥݡ
һҲʵͷϾ˵ƾ¹عˣҲ޿κΡ

˵˵ȥѲҪʵԼ˼Ƭ̣ȥʶʱ

俴޸òѲ̩ɽ

ʲô£ʶٱ飬ʱĻشһ

΢ָʾ

ʱһ˵ǣڴʱ˿̣ûгֹվһߡ

̩ɽʥӲſе٣˵ڳڳǰ̸ѲҴ£Ȼǰ˻ʵ۵⡣
ʵ۱ϾˣʱĴս𢣬֮ȴֻ֪

ʲôϵҲƽǷԣڿһʣһ鷴̩ɽ֮См˳ŷ̶ʱϣ֮

гվһߣɵʱҲһߣͺʹǰÿһγһ

˵˿ҲʵĻתּʵüͷȻǶⷴ

߻ʹĹԱı죬ѧҲֻʣǰǼʷھȡ

ʵüĿƽЩΪأһ²಻Ը˲ơͱ³̣޵İΣµİգҪ䡣

-

̩ɽ֮ջǱճ̣̫ӻڶʡʵ۱ùУֵ˼سһͬУҲжʱʱȻּ

Ҳ˾ּܲ¸¬£ּվԼſڲѴּڹٸ˻ȥ

¬Ԫϣ¸һʣѲεֽð
տʼʱʵۻסͷǶ˵ʵ۹ʱŭ⡣

ڣѩӷɵͷȴǹڦʱģӲñĿΪ

ƣʵ۽ϵĶһŷϣ¯õϣּ˲ɽһƬҲϲ塣

ϲŵعڵأϢŭ

й˶£ҳһ±Ǩŭʱ£ô˾ҲĬع¿ͷ

ʵۼǴܻʵۣӣǶЩʲôҲ޵ͷãӲ㣬ĵ̨ףһ߷Щۣ˶ˣȺĻ˶

Ϣŭ

ʵŭһѣüģϲæסʵۣ¸ıΪ˳

ºα˶ŭʲô½ȥǣҪ

ʵ۷йһͨôЩ䣬¾ͽȥ죬Ѿ̩ɽʲô죬ʡ

ʱԥһ£ʵ£¬ˣ΢

ʵٿضסʱĿ⼫Ϊ𺣬˭СϢ𣿡

ʱֻܸɴӦ£ǣʥ⡣

-

̫һжʱд󹦣˲٣ûãֹ̬ȡ

ʵּⲻԣҲʷ̨Ŀŵаʵ۵ԵʣʱЩֻ׷ԵĹ
ʿŰ澣û״֯״ͳ˾ֵ׵ʷץ󣬶̶㽫粨ѹȥһ˲ϵͷ

¬ңܲü˵ʷԻƢһóõŹġ
ѲʵְϻжƷƷϹٷҲû˸ֻؿһ޹һ߽ѵʵۡ

¬״ӣôϲҷ޶ȣƫ֮·֯ݺ£

ʵ巵ϳöֱв¬½ÿ⣬Ҳ¡

ʵڵתһȦʱվڶ֮ףͷ²ؼʱŭͷץϵֽӹȥĺò£

ֽҵʱֵڵˤ˸飬ֽ߽ǻһڣѪ

ʱûɻҲûб⣬ֱӹµϢŭ

ʵ粻ؿΣ岻ʣҲżˣͶȥ

ʱ˳ӵһ񣬶湬߳巵ٹٿ߳ȥûͷĻͣˣǶͷǰ

-

巵⣬¬¼ʱ¹鳣ⲻǴĶָʹܳңҲᱻϳ

ʱл·ĹˣСȥ˲ת¬Ҿ

¬ĳţָ̲ʹѧ¬±ܿһݣһǰãҲ಻棬ұΪǱƲѣ벻ߵһ֮·¬ĳˡ

ǰμҵʱʱ¬̻壬һμҳ£¬Ҳû˶ʱа
ʱִͳ˾еļСˣ¬Ҳûʱϯ˶ʱ䥵Ļ

ζʱʵ¬µۡǼץʷЩȷΪ죬Ҳ˷ֻͬ˰˼죬㱻Ͻڵ

ʱ̾˿ˡ

¬³һ߰ɣҵ䡮ԺҪˡ

ʱȴûߣ򴽣ֺ˰벽Ҿ¬ˡͬһͳ˾

¬µʱŭҪץңʶָʹҾܿɲԣŹģ

˽ݲΪӡ

¬ַñ̯תһȦЦǶƷ׼ڼȴû˵ϳҷڷ빬˼֤Ҫָ¹Ϊ

ʱҡҡͷû

¬̧䣬ɫͻɷס

ܿʱΪƾ빬ĹأʱſĽɾӵ䣬ϵøλ˵ķɫòҲͽΪ֤š

¬¾òϳٷʱģõŹģûССȴﱻץ©

ʱɫ̣˵ûΪƾ˽¹룬ݲϻȥһͳ˾

ʱûͳ˾֣ѾǸ¬ӣ¬ȴ衣

ҲǶʥģӦ֪ޣեȡػܷɡ¬¶ԶʱʧѹסҡͷΪӽԲȰ棬
ΪŰ

ʱɫһ˲üΪʹָ࣬ܿƽ̬ҲǿӲ

ͳ˾Ϊӵֻʥͣʥָͳ˾ڵָ˽ġ¬ϣɡ

-

¬϶ʱõĻǡô׵Ұٸ๣ΪǶ֪ǻʵ۵˼

̩ɽ֮ճɶ֣ʱҪʥݣһȥ֪Ҫòܻؾ֮ǰǻһ˶θ

ʱͳ˾ȴûݣԼںͷСԺ֪ڳͷ˭

ŶʱؼңȻȽſȥţʱߵǰʱȻǽŵġ

ǻ

ʱϱ˱ۣһţʵСվҪ뾩ܲܡ

ܲҿһۡ





48.     ȴһʱҲͲס

ֶ, տţͼһŰɺͷè̽ͷ̽ԡ
ô, ͷ¶𡭡

ꡭæ, ԼҴҴ, Ÿ͵͵ǰ

üסҩ, ʲôأҩ, Űõġ

ǰͷվ⣬һĵͷŴ, ûͷĶ, һ
ָָɫӰ, ˡ

̧ü㲻ȥӭ, ʲô⼸ӲţﵽģҲ֪ܲס, ʰʰġ

ʰʲôʰǲ֪, ϦӴԶȥͳ˾չһޣææ, ǲȫˣ۵ֲˡ

ƵҲýȥӣҩ

ٽȥҩҲպڡ˵ͷͷǵ, ôż첻ô

żƲ⣬Ҫżʲô

֦ͷȥ±ʱ֣ԶЩֻܿʱ˵˰컰̬ȿУȴ˵ʲô
ģ϶ǻ˵ġţɫޣӲ˺ЩӶΪ˵仨ôߣٶżżҲ֪ⷢƢ

ûˣû룬֪أƾòףҲڵأЩĲɵضſڿڵʲôҪͬ˵ȴ˿ôá

Ҫ£Žȥˣ⵱ʲô񡣡ӣ̾˿ˣ˵ĶԣȥӰɡ

˸ֱȴʱʧȥģȲȥıӰʱ˶š

㿴ˣӵôãȴһʱҲͲס

-

䥲˯ջأżҲЩ֪ϦǺԺ׺͸ˣ֪̩ɽʱѾա

ʱ뾩֮ǰҲϻţѾķ͸ģĵʧԱҧǰ

ôˣ

ӣҡҴˡͷ뾩ǰջʱӻţ˯ûӦţˣΪ

ôأ

ίرŴΪֻſվһվˣҡ

һţƼⳡҲȥ£ӱַҡҲû˯ˡ

һ룬Ʋô¡

ʱ䥻ֻͷţҲһֱش𣬱ΪǲԱҲûˡ
ͬƲ֪飬䥣һжǶʱĴίʱҲϽҲǰ

öʱҲûͬ˵һ䣬ô뾩ȥ̩ɽ

䥼ȺЦΣҲһ̾Ϣ

أ䥻Ľᣬû޽ٵԶʱҲ˵ʲôƯ
ҲûöʱΪԼǺ޼ˣ÷ֱǰһҲϼ

ˣ˼棬ǰѾͷҲΪ룬ֵ˭أ

ҡҡͷǶױɡ

ʥݺƺƵس˾ǣ̣̫ؾУ̫ѧιʵϣһҪʵиλس̫Ϊʵ֮Ȩֻ̩ɽ֮й󣬴֮λҪѡˡ

СʺȻӽбųͳ֮ȨҲ䵽ͷϡزڵ޶ܹ꣬ͳҲʲô»

ʺʧƣҲû˺ӣûʵ۳ţܹ̩ͬɽ죬Խ⣬ٸһһϯ龩ŹŮҪԼδĸȡ

ǰͷ䥳Ʋ˼أʵǶ㲻ֻǿ磬ȴûϵһϷ

ٸڣžŵ½ΪܳĹˣʺݵæλȴŲ

ûô࣬ͷ˸ϯ£ʺһͺ

λУΪ𣬻ʺδϣλһƷҲǸûҡ
Ų

ôأˣϡ͡Цÿ͵˼ңɣɣмϲ£ǵڲ˵ء

ʺǻʺ죬׶˶ˣ̫࣬۹۱ǣǹģʮֹء

ɵôأ̫ô£

Ϲл⣬ֻǶϱҪ̷ĸ󣬲˹ر֡

ƨɻûȾͿʼ棬ʺ̫ϱҲδ˴ϡ

ƤŴЦЦģǻģҪعأ˵վҪعˣ̫αع־񡣡

ϻû˵ʺȵȥɣһˬʣٸɲͬѧɿɿǡ

ǡһҸλ£Ҳ֪ǿ⻹⣬䥵Ķ档

䥸һϣĺëЩѱξͼͻӿǰ߬˾Ʊ

ѵҲ飬˭һͷӣȴ̸

λӺΣЩ֪ļҵģ

һʱûǮǶκүҵմӡ

κү۾룬ŶǶָʹҵ䥰ŴȻò

ǮɫڨڨԶЩ

Ϸ֪˭̬ⷬǿ̰ˡܹǿӲٱֶΣܳŵסһƤ̫

ϵǸ֪ˡ

ҲĻͷװԵģʵͬһܽظȥҲûڡ

ͷλ˻

ѽҶˣмϲ¿ɱص֪һָĹˣһֱЦûǴѾͷֶŮɣ治ģǸдġ

ǣԼͷϣˡ

ǴˣֳֻһŮ˳ָģʺĵײ죬͵ǽͬλ˼ǻˡ

̫һʱ̫Ҫ˼ңʺ֮֮ҲԹ˼ұ֪ܶҪʱ˼ȴͶҽѾͶ˾͹

Դýž·ӽг裬ʱʱ̿̽λ½˴ߣΪ˶Ļʺ

ͬһĸӢǻʺãʺǰҲǽÿԼֶŮ
ֶһȴɣĵʥϳ谮Ѿǵڶ

ûʺļˡ

ؾһЦ˵Ĺɲǹ˵ɩôһˣҪֵô塣ҹ컯Ƕĸ

žʺüһԶ˵ȣҪ˵ʲôֱ˵ǣ⻰лĵֲס

۲ضŻʺÿһ飬ԼϷ

ñ³ңѾϲˣ

˻һ˶ڳһϲ飬׷õأһӦ£ȴûϲɫ

ֱͬɫҰ׵䥶ߣȱһ˿Ѻۡ





49.     ұܻӰȫ

áҡ׷, ϢЩȡ

ֹסӻͷԵŮٸӺʧһλ, Ӹơǡ

⹬Ůʮ, 䥴ǰδ, ǽ֮źõġ

Ŵ, ߴ˫ùŮرܡ

ˣ¡

ؿһ, ¡

ǡŮĲ鲻ԸƳһۣվ岽֮, ۾ϸضͷΡ

ò, ʲôҪ˵ڿ˵ˡ

׷ƾֱ, ʱͷԹ뷨, ʹΪʲô֪ڹúòã֪ûк, ûԹԼ

Ǵܵ࣬ʹ復Ķ, ýãһˣ⴩·, ѾӢ˶õġ
Žްţûһ˿ϲɫ͸ųĺͬǰ鶯ѵĹСˡ

䥿ͷθ, û˵ʱʵʱҪЮƹýҲʵñУ޷ͷ
ٶ˵ʲôҲðˡ

һӵصͷкģһ㲻˵ұˡ

ǡګګãԺܽ̽ôҡ֪ҶԲס㣬ֻҪоֲģҡ

ֲòš⳼ھ죬ʱھǣԼҳϦʲôңù𴽽Ц·ԼѡģԹˣںܺãҲ

ˣҲǿ㣬ֻǡ

ôĻڽ̽Ǳˣûлʺټĸ׶ֻѭһһ˹̧°ʾ䥣ԶŮ٣ƼôǾˣҲҪʺŪҲǷͬͷ˻๴׷ҳﲻң鷳

ڹ⣬ӢŮǽ֦Ҷ˼ԪˣùҲֻǸССˡ
ʺΪһɰ̣޲֮죬Ϊһֵ̻ʺ۾ܷȥʵͶϵĳ谮

ֽƣõĴ䲻׶֮أҲֻڻʺ;֮ļз͵

ſڽ࣬ӯڽޣҶԲס㡣

õЦˣԼұʱƭתҲ֪Ӻι𡣿ҲǺãʱĺڷεˣҲϷѾ˼㡣ԶŮٵȵþˣ̧߹ӦҪ߹뿪

ȥǰҲֻ˵һ䣬˵ˣʱɲʲôöԼǷǶ룬รɡ

-

ʥݺƺƵسУж鼫Ӵɾˮ·СҲûѵóУµİնʮֹעʽĴ˵·زϴ˾ǡ

˵ʵĺ֮ռеӭʥˣŭУԷعɽꡣ

˵еĹͣڰʱ;ԩٴ壬пģһܹѩԩ顣
ߵĶָʹĶ˾նɱҲǴġ

ǲ۵ĶʥͬȫȻȥ̫ԳʱӢηЦ̫ӹ㲻ʵǰ˹һء

ƽߣɣٸٰᣬΪδͻʵΪ£ھΪƣƶһʥݻǣҪ

ʺһӣУҲʼϯ̨ͬƵģٸĹС㣬Ҳյ

ڿˮػȥʡ¹˺ɰĹģӭʱЦԽüĿϸʱҲ˼ġ

մˣڹ䣬Ҿʱȴû룬ӿҽɡ

ǻʺڹ٣֮ǰʺΣλڹٴ٣ŷҲϵλףͨ͡

룬ʲôŲŵġ

Щʱգͬ˵仰Ǿͻʺ룬ǰȥ
ֻͬб𣬶ԷֲͬÿؽֻԶԶؿŹã˵ϻЩɥ

ʺҪӦ۽ɨڹԵʱȴһ١
ڹףǴڵˣͬһǰŷһŽˡ

Щӻʺ;ڹټνθΨһش

һˣӼתѰŻѣֻҹ˺Щʣðʧֻ»ڹˡΪ˵ԵɣҲãضԽ

ҪͿ͵˼ǰТ񣬻ڹȴá

˵ʲôʺּܲٳ½ȻвܵģҪּ𣡡

⵽ſڵİַ˵ϡ

θҲһĻڸֻ²СһƷּ֧СӣҲûΥϵĺ

䥵ڹˣȥ·˾ݡڹ

ͬƻصݣȴûŻ·Ƿ䵹ҳ֮ǰļԼƱ

⣬ӲҪôЩʲô

䥽͵ЩҪģҪƵġֽչ֮ǰ÷ðլԺĵЩƱһһȥҽ֮ǲɢˣ뿪θ

֪ԼǷ빬ˣһһܾ·ƣҲ׷Щӵࡣ

ץһֽûӦȴѾɫף촽ôˣͷЩˡǲɢǣҪһ˽𣿣

ҲҲߣԣҲȥǣһߡ

ҡҡͷ

ʵ۲ڣʺ̫Ȼʧ裬йλ͸ڴʱּ۾еĲ²Բԣʺ̫ǲҪ£ֻ·һ
Ϊ֮ƣΨ˳Ȼȥʺ󾿾ʲôӡ

ԲϴӦӣƽиĸˣֻһ˶θҲ޴ȥϻмգӽôиӦ

Ҳۣ˵ʲôһģҶʲôˡӣǶһͬģ˵䲻ģ鳤꣬ͬͬԼһ㡣Ҵң¶

㡭Ųŭһۣ䥵Ҳܣͬôһȫϣʲô̶ѨǶŹȥ

˵˵ţƺˣ䥱ǶЦȴᡣ
Ǹξͬһͬȥ˶ӸΪǰͷһ˳죬ȴø³֪ʺǺ磬ֻȥ޻أҲһ˵ʲôҪȥ

ǰգ䥲صޣƻȥļˣҪȥլ϶ţڼȣ㣬Ҳǡƽ֮һһʱȥǻ

ӡ

ֱţǣ䥵½ǣȫǰݵűƿ֨ѽ졣

λﲻصģ̽ұܻӰȫ

ҶվſڣһҾ̬ʾ˷緶





50.     ƺʱΪӡ

㡭ʲôˣʶǰ, ҲضҶԴ

Ҷ߽ӣ÷ҶûЦ, ľһ, óһ̼ݸ, ·, ӰӴҶ빬̡

䥽ӹ, ûŲ𿪣ʵӣ

Ҷͷǡ

䥺뵽, ǳͳ˾, ʱһָʹҲƺʱΪүߡ
ʱߵĺ¥ǰҶ, ƺʱΪӡ

Ҷ˵, żһͷǶʱıʼдšҶšĸ֡

, Ǳ빬üҪȰ, æҶ£˵ܻס, رǸô

ҧŴȴҲ䣬Ӻβȥôҡ˵ŻҶһۡ

Ҷûʲôֻˡǰ, ֶʺס˷

ο磬˭Ҳûôܵǰֵġ

һæ֣Ҫҽûҵָ֣

Ҷøɴ࣬Ҳʮ֣̾źסԣδû˵ʲô᲻Ļ

ε̯֣ǿɷˣҶ빬ǻ˵ǳ֮ǲɢ˷⸮ֻҪûȥǣǧҪضθ

ӡﺬᣬҲۿؿ

䥳һЦױɣͷڹٵȼˡ

-

䥺Ҷһ˹ָʾնθţ˷ӺŻؼңθͷŻԭͷѾ˸տӡ
һ飬ƻ͵֯Ĵ϶Щʴӡ

ƵҼҾھǣҪͬһȥҲͶ˫ӵ¡

ҡҡͷϻǣһƥ˵طСŲ㽫ˣ÷ǣˡ

ҪǣӸլһֲٰģ֪ġ

Ƶǵصͷȴڳһ첻µزµӣɿˣǮլԺգ˭۸ң

ΪЦɿ˵ˣèĹ򡣡

λԴѧϷͬһ֣ɽģˮպ󻹻ټġ

Ʒԣ㲻ҪȥլӣҪȥģ

Ѿŷɱȥû⾫ش

˳ſڣͷسǵʿդĴһС㣬˷ʱ䣬һҪˣҪǵĸϽȥ

ŸչʱҪسţģԹһС߹ȥŸճţͷسһŮȥ

ļҵˣĹӡó

Ůӻ򶨣СѾߣСҪ֬ûˣҵóȥ򡣡

ʿ໥ԿЦѾߴôõЬӣɲڳǣ·ʯӣﴩƯЬֻ»ụ̂֬۵Ľž͵ôˮݰɣ

Ůɫף鼫Ϊ߷ߣ˵ʲôҪǣҹȥ

ͷ˵ʲôˣΪѾϣ͸κε

ԭسһڶߺͱ߶ǻһڳжȥ

-

룬ѹϯķΧ

λϵĻʺׯ࣬Ŀ䣬̫ϣһޱ飬˭ᷳ
ֵǣһֱھƨɺͷĹˣҲڿϯ䥽һü

˽쵽λϱ㹪£䥴ڵһʺ˶سļҾ죬ĳ佫Умλס

ֵǣϯûй˸ˣ˹⣬Ҳûй˼ҵˡ

˵Ůƫ˻ʺŮҲûбĹź򣬶ǮӿڿҲţֻܱš

ʱӹ˼£Ѿδʱ̣ʺȴԲϯǾؿŵţǵȴʲôˡ

ʹĸѾͲסʺһʣֲϾˮ治֪Ҫʲô
иЩʵʲôʱſϯ

ʺƳһۣûشͷͨݵ

죬ʹ˵ĹûԼĹ˻Щ׷ϡ

ʲôϯôų˵һͰҵ˸ˡõڷԣճѹͲڰ硣
ϸλϵˣͷһЩ˴ӹõ䥣Ѿ˵˵ˡ

֮ʺϯǺ磬ȫǾһɵҪȵһλǾ

ʺŴЦˣ˵ˣԿϯˡ

ϵͷǣƣһӹ˴ŽƼȣɽ亣ζӦоСϯ˿ʺֿѹҶꡣ

ʺãɵվŸ˸λá

ϣҲ໹иȱû

лģﻹЩҪ磬ˡиˡ
֮תߣĴȴ˹صģȻǲԸ뿪

ʺ䵭Ҫߣǵ治ӡҪ֪ʥּһղ£ȻйʺܵĹĸ̫ҲǴܵĴ㣬ʺüҲ檡

ҧ϶ʺһ֣ǰܵλϣѺáʺͷˣǿɡ

ƱһƣǾƧĸȻǸݣȴ¸ϵŮŮһǣϣϣʺһҵķҵ٣µļֻҪҶӵĴ֮λϧۣһƶɿգ

˶֪˵ǾȴŭΪ֪ʺ˺ƤȻֻ̣½ͳȥˡ

ʺˮƣɺڿͶøơ첻ҺȣĹǯסӲظȥ

֪пжҲŲƣеСѾƲס

䥿ǰ͸ľˮǱ˭ֺݺ߬ţƬ̲ɳڡ

ʺѵҪɱ

Ǹ¾ƺɿ֣ſƴؿٺҪʺ⸱ǱģǿЦ

ܿ죬ƺȾƵı㲻ֹǾ˵Ĺǲû˳⣬Ƕվڿ˺ͷ˭ϺȾƣҪྲһҲǹȥ

ʶãȴԷͷ±оƣȻҲ΢ɲص˵ͷ

䥲飬ֱιãҲûúͷĹ˶֣ԼǾơ

ʺ־֣ڶƣþãѾȨƣ˸ҲܱϲӲ㣬ҪʺҪ̫󡣡ͻȻú㣬̫ӵĶӣҵĻ

̫͹ͬʱУʮ£̫̥µĻʳҲ첻㣬ಡ
̥οʱ˵Ǹز̥Ļʳ

ʵ۱Ͳϲպ󣬲ϲӣ¹ǶԶӼΪ񣬷ĻӺͻʳа

Źأʲô˭Ҳ˵׼ȻʺǽҲ㵽ˡ
ʺһơΪᵽǸȥĺӣϵҲЩÿҲµڶơ

޵ϿˮˮһţҲʪյġҲɷ¾ˮ

ƣҪң¡ƫСˣ谮ˣôᡭôᱻƵϣʺĿ룬ˮӨ£㲻ףо£ȴҪʺ¹أǿЦǺˣźȾƣͬһǶˣǡǡ

û˻ʰףҪƣȴѾûϢδʱ򣬾Ǹġ

˵˵ʺʮֲţ̽ǡ

ʺȤӿ֣תҪ˵Щʲôȴͣ𽥶ס˺ܡ

ҡ⡭ƴק죬ָ׽ۣȻֻù

Էʺ󽥽˫ϥء

˷ֲԣæǰȴֻϵüסµ塣

ʺʶģĺڰϮһۣ΢Ц





51.  ̫   ΢ȼ



˴Ϸɱʺ, Ϊʱʺ촽ϣϢȫޡ

ǻʺ, ȻʺԼĪؾ, ھ˷, мҲͬʺһ½, ٵصڵϣϢ㲻ˡ

Ůŵ, Ĺʺˣ֪ԼԼҲ, Ȼڵϡ϶Ķ͸˾ְ, ҪЩŮǰסȴò񻰡

ۿŵ, һ仰Ҳû˵, Ƴʺη۵ʬ壬һ˿⣬ܿڸĹ¼С

ָ, Ϊһֱʺ, һҹ㡢ŮӣҲҪͬɽҰ帾һ̷ʺ
ʺѵΪ»鲻±㽫ٽ, ź죬վʱֻΪʺʱֱʥա

Ϊⷬڣº֢ʱʮּ, ӳʱ̥ʺ̫ӶԹûʳֱȥ̫ӴӴԺͬǶЦ޺ƶʡ

ҲһֱԹԼԼֱʺķɲƵƵ빬֮ŷеһжĴ
ʲôߣƣֹ״ʹӵɣǣǻʺˡ

ˡһڴӳ˼г

ԭ˳׼ʱ嵽ſײ˴ţɻûˣͷͷվһȦս𵶡

Ƿ·𿴲ѷҵĹŮҲϵĲиɣ̤߽Уϥ

΢ȼ٣̫ˡ

ƣ˻ʲô׵ġ

ʺٻǸ磬һΪɱܷѵĹҪµˣǿ˳ҲǯǰҡڲĹԱ
֪ôģȴʺľƱʹ޶ľƱжûʺҲⳡɱС

ͳЯʥ뾩ʣĽɸͳƹܣȻ⸱ͳѾϵˡ

ƹʺʬߵͳǰ令ʳֻ࣬ǻʺﲻұѾˡ

ͳ쵱Ȼ¶ɫԼ٣ˡ

¶ѲйѣΪֻ̫ʱƷӡϵ֮˱ڵڣһ֮࣬һס

ʺˣΧȫϵˣ˵˭˭˼ǣ˵ϣǻǵļùԹ
򶾺ĸѹȫ嶼Ҫꡣ

ͳǴӦϳͷ߳

ھȥıӰͷѪбԼܽһһ죬ȴ֪ջ᲻ᱻͷļ㶼еؿ

-

˵ʬ˳ȥʺУҲͷ±ȥҲû˹ĸ١
ĹŮڹǶʿϳȥڻʺִͷβôһǰ·֪

̫ڳйپ춼Ϊ˲˭Ƕɱʺġס˶ֱѺڵķ䡣ط󣬹Ҳ࣬ǻܷŵôЩˡ

䥱Ѻĵطªͷôľ崲żܺͼڼֻͷĻҳӦû˽ɨˡ

ŮƫõֻǿЩŮˣȻҲɨʰ޳һʣһ⼸죬ľŴ򿪣ò˽

ԭȿŵ⣬䥴Ҵҿһۣ㡭⡭ôˣ

ý֮ȴ˸磬űӵˡ

˭䥿Ĳͷԥһ»˸⣬ڵϣΪΡô֪ҵľ޶

⼸䥽öԸƵģÿϯһɢҴȥ仰Ҳͬ䥶ི
ûԸԼЩϲҲʮֺ棬ô֪޶ġ

ҺͻʺûйŵҲܾȡɫÿʺǿֱֵһ̲֪ʺ󾿾ڴʲô
еǱƣȷ̣ȴ粻̻ʺԹ˼ҵˡ

ڼѡվţҸҺǱƣΪʱʱû㡭Цζ˵ˣܺá

ǶʱڹҲߣ

ָֻʹǰֻҲһˣͳ˾˾ϲͬʱҲǱߵ̼ࡣЦһ£⹬ֻ±ͷȫ

䥵ԣ˵ˣڵͳ˾ô

õͷ̫⣬ʺ󶼸ɱܻŹ㡣ǵ̫ңܻûü˼㣬ֻµ½ϱҪ㶯֡
˵ʱҲʮֲ⣬ʺںƭɱǰ̫Ҳٶڲ֣Ҫ£󹬣ɱ˻ʺҲ֪ʱô̫ͬӽ

ܵǰĹͬǰѾ̸֮ͬ˵Ķ´֣ͷͷǵ

ͻȻãԼһԤ֪δξҲֻԼͬ߼˵İΣδܷıʵЩ˷ˡ
ˣ鶼ıˡ

Ʃԭ˶ܸĽ鱻ʱƣҲƽϢӢɻȴһδӮ˱ս

ƺһжںתòֻ뾩ǵĶӾȻ̫ӣƿ˾ǡʵۺ͹Զ̩ɽй̫ʱңʵΪ̫ϻʣԼϻλ־òôˡ

һɵĽŲľŰ뿪˻÷Ųŵӿڣ

վ̧סʾȱ𶯣ʲôˣ

ͷǸţŵЦ⣬ԭҲڣ˵ǷۼȥѰˡλ˰ģūģ˵£صǲūλһ𡣡

⵹Ǹ֮ˡ

ͬ仯λҲһ䥵ҲǳвúСûܻҲѪжӵ֪ϢǼΪ⡣
ʵۻʺ̫Ҳ䡣

ͬöһۣǰľţεĽ֮⣬һԼʮµĻš

òƽƽ㣬һţֻԼЬ⡣

õͬûн飬Ҳϵ˭ƾʲôǸߣ

ŵڴ˵ȺıۼңۼңҲбˡ

˵гɫƣһ˻ȥ֮ѸݣƵ״

ѾȷݣЦָʹֶΣӦǳ˾ǺֶΣﶼ¡
ת䥵ͷȻ룬Ǳȥɡ

ý䥻Լ˵Уǻص˴ǰҲͷ

ŴŶ߹հƣС·߳ֳ·һ·ûڶˡ

ֵô󣬵طûܵӰ죬Ĵĵģڹǹţ¯һߣƹ紫ͷǶһˡ
Ӧˡ

˽УֻͨһŹǶȥˡ֣һ۹ãŴ翴ȥ

Ӱ߳¶һþò

Ŀ࣬ҲǾɲ





52.  ξ   ʵǡ


纣, ȫļ˿÷췢ֱ̣ʱϣ

С, , ҵˡʱر, ͳȥ

˵ƶ, 䥲ҲЩϣʵ̫, ľʵĹ֧Ųס͵ö, ֻ¡, ߹ұ㵹ʱֻܲܿתÿŷɵľƬ

Ժƺ, ס½, 㡭ȥɡ

˳һɻԼ֮ûн飬䥵˵˻飬ʵ۴ͻӡ˸, Ҳ档

ףΪλҪ

һӵ, ǰ·ǵñ˻ߣֻжʱһȫˣοŸ䥡
ͷ, ֻܿʱմҵ°ͺĴǣûд𻰣ֱȴ˽

յԽԽͷ˸ҪȻ䥵ʶһһģ, ʱԼ֮ûܴ𺣣û䥣ɴ౧ԭء

䥾㡭ߡ߰

ѾһƬķ棬ǰһȦ棬ʱֻҲȥ
ʱû˵Щֻ૵䥵һأͷĶͷԲСڡ

Բʲôأ˻䥵ľ޸Ҳľʱû˹ϲǰӵؾȴΨһһǸˡ

Ҫ˵ЩʲôȴúۣۣҲܲ⡣˭ڻʮֱˣĳ԰οͻȻʲôҲǵˡ

-

ӰҶҡɳɳ¯ƣ߲ɴŮȹڡ

ŮͣɣԼأơֻһذѣаĺڷûװΣȻش׹䣬һؼȴڸļޡ
ӣαǣüԶɽ죬һ˫һתǡ

ʮǰգ˱ū࣬ɫ˫ʵ䡰һԳΪǶģΪʵȻӦʣӢۼ˳˫һʱΪ̸
ǰ޹ں󹬣ʢʮ겻˥Ȼͬһģһ

ôδ͹еûʲô飬ʱһͬڹܽԶμ㸲˹󣬵ȷǺþò
ɫף㡭㾿ǡ

վһƬ̧̺ͷؿŶˡ

˶֪岻ãƲ徻ʲôϯӲϯԹý¾δλ
͹һδܵüݵֻ²٣ܳ裬ҲἸѳҲʲô

ֻ˭ҲţʮǰͰǰ빬޵ĽȻͬһˡ

ڲţȴһ˲ࡣ

д㸲ܸأϱߵҲ˾ǣҶƵǶӣʱȴֻӸ
ξһһؾַĥγһ²⣬ʱ͹Щ飬Ҳӡ֤Ĳ²⡣

䥲òϣʱ¾һеĻ֮ˣǰĽҲһɻ

ʱ֮ӣʵȴ֮֮䵣ͳ˾ָʹһְΪ¶Ŀӳ͢
ʱӸλֶȴҲ棬ͬ˳Ϲϵ

ǳ͢ƷԱҰڦĴȨ鳼ȴȺ³
Ϊ֪ǰʻŽʵôӹ

ʵ۽ڹУ壬һ书ǿȢĸΪǣƣݻ³Ϊ衣

ʱһѷĵʵ۲켺ֻҪԶں󹬾ޣԶΪʵá
ͬʱҲǶԶβõı

СʣҲûܻʱһ¼ţϵ˶ѣ䥻ԼʼңҲʧȥԼ˴Ľ֡

𳡣ֻ¶ʱ־ѹû

н鱻ʱֹҲûǣûһֻΪһ˸ı⡣
Ϊ䥼޸

ҲǽͻȻýôˣ

㶵ؿֿ˿Ĺã̧һֵˮ

˵ûǺܺáʱ䣬ӵ꾪ž޵Ķμҹӳ粻ȨȴһƬ顣
̫ˣװ˷һҲûܷ֣ξʾò׼޸ġ

ʵǡ

úõôˣ֣ݹһӸôˣʱһôޱӡ

䥻ʱɥĸҲȣʱǳڹǵس
ú䥱ڹʶģ˼һʱЩԡ

ûھУʵʮǰͽ˹ôǡ

ûüֹ֣ɫһӱѿ

֣ƾ޶꣬ȴУʲô׵ģһƽŮӣûпɿݣûУ֪Ҳϡ档

÷Ӧյҧס䥽ӹĨȥᣬʵ˴һԭİɣ

ڲɵʱ򣬹Ҳع񣬽ŵؿ֣

֣ȴҡҡͷں󹬶꣬ȫǻʵ۵ˣͷϢһֱҲû취ųȥֱýȥ˻ʵ۵עͳ˾ֲ

ǹǸţ֣С֮Żġ

˵£Ƕ˵а취ұǾȳ

֣Ǵĺųȥ߹һѵĲʯСһ˸ߵļɽͣ£šأɽ߷ֿ¶һһ˳С졣

˵صֱͨ⡣֣ת˻û֣ǿȥ

䥷ԣô죿

˭Ҳ֪Ǵߵģʲô¡֣ЦЦֿһۼɽߴٵǿȥɡ

ȴҡҡͷҲߡ͵Һ͡ҺͶָʹĽǣֻһں󹬣˼˲¡
˵üĿչȻ򣬡һţΪʲô˵úһлȥԭ

֣һ㶣ʱģ

䥱Ϊû˵ʵֻҡҡͷտڲԡ

֣üⲻǺôôңֻ»Σա㾡ܳȥʱʲôģ˵

ȴҡҡͷﲻߣҲߣС±ߡ

У֣ǹ˳ᱳϲ̫Ҹͷ·飬ʱǹ˼Ҳסˡ
ҹֻҪѪɣʧô

ڹһգһ̫ӵĸ̫ҪλҪõǰϿɣƱصù˼
̫ӶͶ˹áöﴧһǰй˼໤֣ı

䥲һǳޣٻǿּڹס

䥻ԥɽϵķˣ֣Ǹǰ߿³ˡ





53.  Ҷ   ҪȥҶʱ


, ʮŮУ̫̺ƺƵߵǰ

̫

ͨΣű, û˳ӦšϳŶͷ̫Ѩ, ڹŻ, һߺһײ, ŪĴ

ΣһԼʮµĻڳӦ, ū˳̫̬ȹ˳, ̫, ﲡо̫кҪ, ūſɴΪͨ档

ʢ, ʡƣطûѵҲóȻŴš

ζ, ܵһߣֵȥʰо֡˭֪Щ¾˲, ûܶ䥺͹ãһƤӵˡ

һͻʺһֲ߻ĿľҪͬǰ̫Ӵ, ʹЩھ챻ǯƵĳ
Ȼʺ֪ǣԤϵǶɱĸᣬ˳ıҲЩ

У̫, вҲⳡԭñˣ񲻵úúõģ֪١

ͬʺ֪֮ⳡɱֵİǺ̫ڣͳʮˣǾܵ䶾ƵҲ֪ԼʲôԱ©
˻ˡ

ȥŪ徿̫ãڱ˻ʺ󣬲ˡ

ǰ̫æ£δ󹬾ԲڴʱϾ봳ҲòƢίߡ

ãţֻʧҵĹˣ꣬ǽȥһǲͷ

üһƷһλ̫տڰؾҪѹʰɣ

ѹֻ˷ʧ

ʱǰΧǰûţȴ龰ŭ

˷ʧ̫ңҲڶңңʲôЦҪѹҪôʥּҪôʺţ̫ضϸ飡

üģҲǿӲ˻ʺ壬׽˷Ѳأͬıѹ

ȴҪЮ̫׵ؽ磬ɲЩ߰¡ִΪѣûʺ

˵ȥĴٴιϡ

ʺѾʱʬ룬ĶȥҸʺּѹ

׽ò˷ֻ¡

ϷüģͻȻЩԼĳ嶯ȴƶ䥺͹þ

Ϊֺ̫󹬵ȷףοǻʵ۳˾ٿƲ޲ףطûѵ˴Ծ
ҪʺſϿţƶ벻ĻʺҲ䥺͹ãҲֻܸ߸ʺ

ɫԹŮȥӡȥ嫺

ʺ;ʣµһƷֻ

-

̫ڵſڣӦȥһƷЯӡʺ٣ֻǲò⣬ʾŵŮӣ˴Ӳǽס˵ӵġ

æͷҴӼŮȷҵġ

֣ɿҶãСŮܵ뿪

֪أûټ֣ҶҪܵ󼴽뿪ʱżɽʯͷ

֣˵ͷڵر

֣һЦŵͷ

ܵźϣɽʯָֻԭӣ֣ԵڵڣʹڸΡ

ȥλ̫ɡ֣Цסõ֡

ЩʹӰȫĻͨͨ䥵ģ֪Ҳ֪ӢһܵĹֻ̫ӸҵѱӢ֣Ǵĳ£Ҫ˵߳ţԸǰ¶ݡ

Ϊ˶ʱֲ֣գΪ˶ʱǣƣҲʱԼ
˵Ǿ仰֪Ĵ㣬֪ʱԸ

ܵܳҲ࣬ҶŻǰͷ䥼Թֲ·ڣʮ֪·ߣֹŹֵ

ߵܵͷҶش򿪴ţ߳ȥԼһİլԺ鷿ܵαװǽߵĲżܡ

䥾ȵشΧҶغϲżܵסܵڣִ²һľд򿪣ͷݹƱ

ӣ˵±䣬ҴһͬȥͶƽҶж´һ䥺Լװ磬ҡҡͷǻȥü·

һͷˮģ˽լô

Ҷҡҡͷ߳鷿߽һ᷿СլԺֻ԰ݲʤö٣ʹֻɨ޶á

˾լԺҶ״ֲ·䥻ϣʧȥ߽װ֮ͬϵƽûʲôֻ߻ôҲڲסҶҲûգתԼҲһ

˾ǡ

䥳˴ǰԹʱδټλϵĹΨһĽҲǶԷԼԺʮŮӣҲ򷢵ˡ

عǽ֮󣬾һܵӵֱͨȨ˽լ䥼ֱֲ壬ݸ˲죬ܵľ

ŶʱµˣҲŶʱĴ㣬ȴ֪ܴô꾡ȥ鶼֪ͬȥԶʵʱͬ˵Ҫȥ

Ҷ·ʵصͷһظӷģҶһƽƽشƽǰ

˵ҲȥҪȥҶʱܽҴǰôǼᶨ֪ҹںδ

-

ɥӣ嫺޶꣬ǰСʺ󱻷Ľʵ۽ͳ֮Ȩƽ˼Ҫ˻ôһλһƷ

ţ̫֮䣬˵м˼ʺܵѲ붯ִ֣Ų鲻Ըسš

ӡĴڸϼʱ򿪡

̫֮ǰΧסȷûܳûߣгҲϲͷбķߣʱҲż

ݼݼ̫鲻Ըվſڣλˡ岻ʣЪϢѲʱСЩҪŵ

һͨҪͷȴЦһ˿ɲ۾Ųţ⻰ʵס
°ͣٻֱڵ˵Ҫվ

ֻʵҪһλЩ³ç۾

һ鹬ˣֹܵؼ׵ĽҲֻһ߰ؿűײ

忪źߣϷŮ߽ڣʺŮ毺õӰӰ´£ɵعһߣһ˫Ŀس

˵ķĿһʽģ̫һ㱣Ϊǻʺڹϡ

ܿ췴ӦָŹõ˷Ȼڴˣָνͣ





54.     ˲ΣѾ御


̫Ϣŭ, С岻ʣ˵֮صϱôͳ˷ĻŮӻ˸, ת, Ц, ˵, ̫Ҫ׽õĿĹˣҲˣⲢˡ

¯, ȼľĳˮ㣬ȴѬĸꡣ

ĪҪɱ, ʺ˸, ˭֪Ļʺܵ岻, ׽ù̧̫к, ˣ¹ˣ

˴ǶҲȻŭ, һ£еһ, ڽǰǰ˵Ҫùˣ˵Ҫץ, ǲҲ⽫Ҳˣ̫ĪҪ̫

ҧҪӲϣȴס

ˣ͢зȣйأ̫˹淨ͣôҲҪ˼ڿڣ, ǰͬôǱµɣСЩҲǶĸ̫ǲգҪֱ蹬Ҫ췴𣡡

Ƣ£ǰʵҪϽʺƽְȨʺﲻŲ죬Ҳûʲôʵ˷ʵˣվֻǸֺ̫󹬷ԽȨȳ˿ڣ㲻ٽһ

˴˶ӣôһúðزɷŹһˡ

ﰲ˰ǰڹתһȦصϸϸ˲ӡ

˳⣬С⣬ǽǵĹҲŹڹʰñߵĴ裬˳

̾˿Ծɰϣлȡ

̫ҷѣȻǰ˴ʣĲǻʺ̫˵ȷʵ˴¡

ѣֱָ͹ã⵱Ϻ̫ԣ͵ǺδĻʺԣδĻʵԡ

꣬տΪ˵ǷԱȴûоӹ뷨

ת飬ĿڹõĶǸתҲ̾һ»󸣱ѣʺ꣬һɱҲǺõġ

-

˵ҪȥҶʱҶЩΪѵͷ

ʱͬʥݣٲ񾩳Ǳ̫ӿƣֻ̩ɽǱߵҲӦľٶҶܵҪȥҪߣµҪͳ˾

Ҷͳ˾ְҲ·ȨޣҪ֪̽ʱֻ²ס

ӣʵҡҶԥԥҪڣͻȻһ£ű߹һСʯӡ

䥼ͻȻǰˣʶҶȴԼվˡ

û°ɣﲻԣǱʲôˣ

Ҷ˵ȹڣźۼסǿʯӣӻôµҪֻ»в䡣

ȻǻģҶͬȷ֮ͷҲûȥѰƥֽ˲һ飬ϸϸղغá

һֱڳɫ谵Ҷ䥴ӲųȥС·ǽߣԶԶųŴزأդֹš

⡭Ǹôȥ

Ҷèڲݶҧҧָף˵ˮγȥͻȻֱʲôһ¡

̱г񣬡

Ϊͳ˾ʲôŰڣֽŸȥҶȴ˼ɣ䥴ҡڵسȥ

ֵصĳֱͦ࣬¹·Ĺ⣬Եúˡ߽ʱȴƵһʲôҲû

ͷһظ£飬̧ͷȥƿ׵µݡЩܰʿȴȷǻˣǺϵĿ׸סˣ彩ֱΨбܷӦ뷨

䥷ƼǸʿ۾ɵԲŭǺ죬ҪſںֻܻſҲûܺʲô

Ÿɿ˵С죬Ҷк䥣ӱˣǿ߰ɡ

æ첽ϣɲЩˡǡ

ҶĿû£һʱͺˡ

ҪǲѨֻܹһʱҶӳţ־ǵһͨСϣǰ˰ֻ·߿˩ƥ

ֵʱᷢˣҶؽЪˣЩǵҹ·

䥺ͿͳˣҲȱõģ

Ҷ϶صͷΪָ˱ȥ

һʱվֵкһûӦļȴֱĵùڵϣʣسҲ񱻳ȥ˽һһڵϡ

Ϯ

̰εʣűܣŲڵĵˡ

ڻ£Ӷӳϸ̽̽ʿıϢˣ罬ȶɸ֪ס

ʿְأ亹ʪ͸ҲӲûε΢΢⶯ӳæȥ

Сӡ졭׷

-

䥺Ҷҹֱɫͣһվǰ

ݹ뱸͹ŷӣҪϺõķһЩˮҶ䥰ٺú󣬽ڴ·š

ҶԺվһϸ΢춯תϥ񣬡Ҷӷͳ졣

ڰͳ˾ӷһֱǸ˵Ṧ׿ȣһֵѨɻҶԿˡӷһֻʱңƽʱ𲻿׶ҲΪӷӹΰɱ

ӷͺ¥Ƕʱڰ൱ͳ죬ҶͷƤ顣

ͳ죬˵ҪȥͶƼңӵԸȥ̩ɽҶʵǲ֪˭ġ

˳ǺһҹӷһֱԶԶںͷȻ֪⴦վȥġ

Ӳ̩ɽӷû˵ʲôϻóһݸǰڵ緽ʽ͵ͼСЩҪˡ

Ҷַ˷ûʲô©лͳ죬Ȼ׼ܵ

Ϊ⣬Ҷʰöͻطˣ֪ǣӷҲڰ档

ʱǰ龫ǣలţҶӷڰҶûȡ䥣Ҳӷһ·ȫ

֮⣬ʱݹ·һǴӾȥڳһݱ㽻ӷ屣档
ѡȥӷһֱڰػɣѡҶʱӷͳ潫һݶҶ

ӷȷһ·ټúѡ˸εĵطﻹ̾ʱŲߡ
䥵ÿһ뷨Ԥϵˡ

-

Ҷ˵ʱ²̩ɽйݣ˼տ¡

һ·վõͲݶЪţҲ˵Ϣ

±䣬ǰҲ̫ƽݳ̫ӷǺگگ͸פ˵췴Юӣ

ͬʵ۶ѲСԭҲҪУǰСͻȻȣֻھоҲֻھǡ̫گһ£˷̱˼ңϵԾֻ˸ȲֹС

̫گд乧ѹ̫Ϊ㣬СվǻʼѪֻʱѺû»ǺٶСȥ
Сһ֪ûڣ˶֪̫ӴԲΪҹǡ

Զ̩ɽĹ֪ϢȻʮֱʹ䲻ھʧȻôϻиʵۺʹ

̫گĺʾҲ⼸ʥּ˵̫ѹݣ±ҲӦ

һζ;أаհŴµģҲݸ׼֮ġ

֮⣬ԭϢСٴμᣬϷ˻Ƶһ֧Ϊ˷رƴͷԷΪ´󽫾Ż˵ҪǰȥͶ

˷֪ıߵ˵Ҫıߵ֮´󽫾Ǵһ·ϣ̩ɽ
֪һϢɶʱȷ棬ǰȥ˷Ȱɱ͵ؽ

˷Աӣȴ룬Ѱں֮ڣʱϱޣ󷽲㣬û˵ǹ˳Ҳû˳˷ˣѾͬǶŶա

СھǣʱпС㣬һ·Ϸ¶ޣûнпֻ࣬һձһյȥ

ֱݳ˵һϢ

ʱ˰ɱ˲ΣѾ御






55.  ط   ҲҪֿˣòã


ʱˣ

˲ɫ, һɺֱͷָⷢ飬촽ڲסĲ

Ǽ˻˵, ۼʱ, ۼ¡

ָʹ鰸ǿǰѺ, ۴̿Ȳ, ⲻô

Ҹû꣬ҲǲͶҽ

ֻλη, ˹ѣء

Ц㵱̫ͷǺΣ¾˲Ϣ, ܾ͸գ

Խ, Խϵͳ˾İڣҶϻյϢʮǰˡ

Ϣѱ, ҶҲЩǵطס䥵, ӡ

ҡͷݻжã

Լмʮ·ҹ, ܵ

ôȴ̸˵, ˵ݻûָ⣬ᣬ֪˵Ҷ˵Լ, ϢȻǼٵġ

˾ͷݲùֿʼ·ȻҶ˵û˳ǡ

ݳͬǰԤϵĲͬ˵, ˷򵽳ˣﲻ˵ĴϱڲԫҲӦĻ̡̻
ɴϼûкŵɱ˷ŻʿҲûп޺ҪŮİգͬȣҲ˰̯̯ؼ׵ʿ

ǹ뱸Ҷֳʾͳ˾ƣԻá

λãڰɥء

ǡ˭ͷһûʳڣ߿ݸýأǰյϴƬȼֽңһɢζ
Ǵġ족棬дšʱĸ֡

Ҳ֧Ųסǰһʲô֪ˡ

-

ӡС

һӣһֺܰʲôҪһҪȴ벻𾿾ʲô¡

ԺۣɫɴʣɫͼõһֻӴֲЩзס
΢΢һƫͷƼŶʱԾǾɵüĿĳüֱͦı΢ŵĴ

ⳡ̫Ϥ䥻㱼ηΣʶ϶ʱвԾͷᡣ

Ϊʲô

䥱ξָ㣬ӽʱһΪ˻ҲΪԼһƬ̹

ȴֲϾöʱ뾩֮ǰ˸Ÿһ˵̩ɽֱԽ˷֮ϵݣͬЩѾ

һ·ϣһֱԼô˵ЩʲôҪöʱ֪ԼҲģҲΣʱԼİվֻҲͬԼһˡ

ټʱֻصĻΣʵڲá

ˮͣûһ䦳һСˮۡʱüë˲۾Ƽ䥱ۣżСôˣô

תµļȵģǰ˵ᶯ֮䶼ǻͻȻӦȴøס

СңСʱżҪ˽䥸ס

ҡΪˡʣȻɴڴϴޣ㣬ǡͷ˵ˡſڻš

˵ģʱ§ڻ˳˺һǸҲԣֻ˵ͨˣȴû뵽㿴Щ

ǣ㣬Ϊ˴̣֪ģթŤƿͨ췺ˮ⣬Ҷ֪ģҾǣǺ¡

ʱ̾˿䥴Ӿǹ޷ָֻܵʾͳ˾˶չЩ̫Ӻ͹ԴΪطͥ񣬸ҵúܣܿˡ

ã£ءʱϸȥᣬɢҵ޷𵽶

䥿һйˣڻָЩ־˼ӡ̧ȥʱɶºͶרעۡ

ˣѿúܡס˫Ư۾

ЩҪ·Ҫ˶Ŀʵûʲô˼װ磬ʱЩһ޵ôÿ

ƤʱÿɰˣҲۣã

ģΪʱҲЩ룬źֱ㲻һ

ʱúãȻۣüҶЦ⣬ƽˡҪ˵ЩʲôȴһŹֵ

˵ʱѶûʲôθڣֻ֮˯˴գǸտյȻ

ԥһֱ׳ҡҶˡ

ʱûסһЦյһƣȴһ˲

ˣ

ʱûۣؿЦΪƭˣҪȴȷЩˣ顱

䥺ɵ´ûϸƣ˵ˤˣſڵЩô£

÷ͬ˵

ʱк׼ϯ棬ҶˮϴԱ֮󣬶ʱŽһ˵

սգۣʱ棬ԾʱˣǱˡ

ʵ֮ǰʱѾλ´󽫾Ѿ̸ձ˷ʱı̣Ҫƻа˷ˡ

ʱھҽ¾Ȼһʱ̫ңûҳ˭˲ΡϷеҥԣԣſڵЩᦣҪƭǸ̿ͣд̿ͱˡ

ʱ˵ƽȴõսľ¹̫Ӹմ̨ȴڹϽ˷ˣȻǶ˼ɵ֮ģı̵ˣҲǹ¡

ѵǿӲһҪʱ⿪˿ڣǴλùȻգķ֮䣬Ǿҽսˣʶ㣬ֻ¶ʱҲûô

Ҹġ䥴ս˿ڣֲңô

СģֶЦʱû˵һ֮˿еѿǳϴʱ˰ġ
ֻݲݺ½󣬡Ѿˣۡ

ǴƬɴﲻţֻץ׷ʵ˿ץסˣǰ˷ˣ

ʱһǸ˵ʵ˷ͳ챾ͳ˾ˣνа߸ˣҲѾˡ

ȥְ̫ʱڽһߣ̽СѾݿܣԭΪ˴ڲֻǣԷҡ񾩳߲òǰá

ˣ⼸Ѿ˾ݣűΪԻ̫ӵߣ䥴Ҳȥɴཫ˴ˡ

û˵̫࣬ȴǴ̬ԼЩʲôҧŴͷ

ʱίģ°ͣôûСô϶࿴ңһ࿴Сء

䥹ѩۣҲģ鷳

ʱȵü˵ʲôɵϼңҸ˶

ҶȥԼҪġ䥴½ǣǺİ컵£ԿĻǶʱ

ʱΪңҶȥҸ硣ʱûϵ뷨˰ıǼ⣬ôңҺܻϲСô

ȴ뵽Ϊʱ˵ʱģʹΣ޲ͬһȥˡ

ͻȻصǸξʱڻУǱ֮ȴϲ

ᵽʱ뷨ֻҪİ֮˻ǰ࣬ʲôҲˡ

ϸؿŶʱ縧üۣգؿ۾

ҲҪֿˣòã





56.  ̱   үִ֣

ҲҪֿˡ

˵Ļ, ʱȴסˣ

˵ǻ֪ЩȻ, ҡ˵, ÿնܼ, ˷Ҳ˰

˵˵ַ, ͬʱ»ʱæ޷, ʱæͳ˾飬ͬ, ȴ仰Ҳ˵ϡ
Щ, ȴҲûöá˼ҳ£ͬ϶, ʱ֮ǰҲûܼһ档

ȥ, Լʵί˶ʱæҵĴԺ󡭡õġ

仰û˵, ϵֱһʱϤϢѹ

ͬ᲻ͬ, Եڣʶֳһ£ȴڵú, Ҳʧָֻ⡣

ң֮й¶ʱһͣǼعӵء

˶ܵ, ˾ٲǹ߻𣬶ʱżͣ£ѹڻﴭ

ǰЪ˻ͻȻŵһ˿Ѫζæ˿ڡ

㡭ôôСģСĵزɴ˿ûʲô󰭲ŷģֵؿ

ʱȴһۿͷ̣Ħպ壬С˵һòã

˵ʲôѽ䥻Լ˵Ļ䶼˵úܣ˵Ե˼ңҲ롣

ʱЦţͷסģۣһ㡣

ãСģҪٲ롣

-

ʱϾܹˣʢָջͨ⣬һͬһңδⲻˡ

¥վ˼ҽʱЦظ˻ȥ䥿Цֺߡ

ʱҴҴӣڴߵҲôã컹һأЩϢɡ

û˵ͷڴߣסСָ˻Ρ

ʱǵɫҪȾģִȥ۵ߵС᲻ãҽ㲻ˣòã

̵һۣ㽫ӸˣҪ߿ߣǵðŴϡ

ʱЦűͷȥ˯ˣǰûϨ򣬰Ÿغá

ûˣ䥲ƿһ·һֿһǼŶʱһ¾Ͷۺûñ˯ˣֱͻδѡ

Ϊһ۱ܿʱȴ֪컹ʱԷѾһף̩ɽй

ͬһ֪ģ̩ɽйϵĻʵۡ

£ƶƵĳ裬ѪЧʤǰ˴򿪽Уͷװöɫҩ衣

˽һݸԵͯǵͯʮһ£ֹأ治ɫؽӹ¡

ʵ۰ϣƼǵ֮ͯɫóϲӹ衣

ĵҩһ򲻴⼸޳ʱҲࡣ֪⡮Ѫʲô˵ͷ

Ŀ˸£طڡ̫϶澭ƶ֮ѾãѪѰʶһֱδɡֱƶ̱£մȾ󣬲ŶѪ˼ְա

ô˻ϲʧɫ󵨣ˣǡ

ʵ۰˰֣ϲֻڨڨס˵һԡ

޵ˣԼʵŵ裬µطһȦⵤѪӺζ

شݵ澭ԣΨʹ֮ѪʹӯԴ֮Чʥ岻ˣƶֻ˶Σ֮Ѫ

̩ɽֻ֮йһУָΪѪ

ʵ۹𴽽ǣŻƾƷµҩʮТ˳

ҩЧ𣬻ʵɫ󣬺ü٣ǰһĻĻԵĳϲĿģ

ҩЧãȴһҪɢҩĹ̡ʵ۱˫ۣԼڻþС

ϲΪȥϵȺʩ˲ȥϹšصʱѾȴѾãͬǰÿһҩ

Σ

УˣŴ֮Ƶүָɵ£ƶѾף

ѲڷⲽסذŶͷôˣ̫ӽµ÷ˮ𣬿ɸʻǲдλگ顣㣬ҩʲôʱã

üѼϡĺ룬ƶõҩȻЧڸշ֮ôƶ̱ҩػ°빦

ⲻܡش˴ͷųϲǸˣҩ֮־壬ֻóϲһػ

ûгϲ

˼ûʲôƣͷͻȻ˴

ү²ã

ǰһ߷Ǹڹ٣ͬ£ʲôҾ

˱ߵ˿Ѫؿڹԭأүνν

ʱʲô˵

ڹͷνŰ˷ΧйҪˣ

ʱûңͷһӰⵤڱܵңƼԾˡ

üģΰģ

ΰǽ֮Ľͳ죬Ҳǹܣΰͬʵ۶Ѳ̩ɽǹ̩ɽδزܵȵԮ

ѪˮһţүνսȺףүִ֣

ΰǸнүδϹսĿβвȥʱʵõģҪ£ĸңҲѡͳ졣

ھţͰ˷ǰƦåôܱȣΰȻһǰˣ˵зѾ᧿Σ

ңͷȴͻȻѣק̵½󣬡˵˭Ƕʱ

ǣǶΡʱ

һ˦֣ȥ

-

¯ͨ͸ĴȲϾǵĸҲǽ̻Իͣ

ʵҩδ߽ﲻֱͣץʲôϲŲΪ

£²ɡ

˦̹Ůֱ嵽ϲǰģ

ϲ㵵үôˣǱ·ҩʱ·Ը

߬콫һһ㣬ģ

ϲͷ˿Ľ˼ֻ֣̿ūūŲ֪

ÿǩگӡ㶼ڲ࣬мθʷӦ˯ţ㶼ܽگͳ˵֪ģֱӰε˳ϲһֻֽ֣ϣ˵

ϲ˿Ŀ̣

ģ

ϲΡΡؿʵۣҲĿͶ齡

ʵ־壬ǡعЩʲôʧȥ⻷ȷǾʧҲǸѮʱųߡ

ǰƵһߣץľ˫ϸϸȻһӷ졣õ˳Ƿ϶˿ľͷ
ֳ죬һֱŵĴλگ飬گԭ׼ڻʵ֮ģҲ˲ôˡ

ɪɪ֪Լûգ۹۱ǱǹģװⷸҵһĻ

گϸӡսղغãžͱײѾѵأýҲң룬ͬεĽš

ѾмֳһһߵǰУժͷǶʱ





57.  ̱   ģҲֿ

ͷԽԽ, ԽԽŨƮɢڣеȴ͡εڹͻʵǰ, 漸֮Ƕʱס

ǽ, ˫˭Ҳûȶ֡

ǳϲԭȴŵĵط, ֻʣһѪ, ȴƾʧˡ

ƽϢʤѷ, ּһССŹ, ֻ¶ֻ۾

, ѾѾƽ빫ʾ¡

ʱӦһ, ɨս, 

ǡСӦ˳⡣

˵δˣڽֹסز

ʤѷ, ֧Ųסΰ˷˹, ƹȻƴο

ʱ΢΢ü

̤½ݣǰ, ʥּչáһ£λޡңõزǡ

̫Ӱؾ, ոȨ󣬻ʵۺ͹Զ̩ɽй֮ңţݸŷʱ췴ɱ˹ͻʵΪʱ̫ӱͳ

ʱ̫մ֣ݸȻ˭ʤ˭㲻һˡ

ǴܻʵڣڣʱɱȨص˵ӡ

⸱ģװɵʱͶϡ

ʱհ˷ôԤ׵عйбΰǸнʵȨҲֻϷگȴԸó

ͷ޵ҪγѪ̫ӷǷگʱŶ֣綯֣˳ɱ˳ϲͶʱᱻƵϣ

Ҳֻίߣϸϸ㡭

ʱ۲ݲݿʥּûӦƽ޲ֿ

ƽϢңӹΰɷ⾸򡭡ɷһֲʱ°ݣϸ˵ؼªؾ̫ӣޱ̨;

ʱڿڣ»ЩͷʾⴲϻڷĻʵۣһ׳ĻӣһнľĻʵۣǵ£ѡ

£ͻʵֻһãҲҪӡگԭɡֽһû浱ô˵߱䵽˲ĵز

һϻʵۣڴϻĴڣ֪̺ץˡ

䵱Тȫ壬书ֽŽǵĳ𣬶ˣƵϣ̶Ҫ𣡡

һģǸӶˣҶԲûʲôֱ𡣡

áðͻȻ𴩹ֵʱ

ϰ䣬컹Юǧ֮һʱӦۿŵҪףʱȴ˿Ҳûб仯

ֻۡڰһͣǹɺƱϣͬߵķݰڵϡ

˷ǰΧסѾϾɵʱƳһʬ壬˽ϵĻʵۿסͷҲصȥ

-

̩ɽ·ԶУһһҲҪϼҹʱҹ̩ɽʤ̣Ǳƣô󲿶ԭԼӱ޻ݡ

ֻһ߲ʱ̤ϦͻصСԺɼ룬Ŵ⾰ɫ

Сʱżһ緢һˡ

ʱʱûûģʹҶ͸ÿ˶֧֧ȴĶ

˲˵ݣȫ׵Ļʲôܲµأʱ޷ǾȥˣҪôǷ˻ҪôǱ̩ɽƹ

ǰҹ˵ãҪһֱһҲҪֿģȴѡȥΣյ¡

գ¶һҪúͬʱ˵ٲ޾ĵȴ֣̿ŶʱһжصģսϷʲô¶⣬˷ҲǶʱ£˷˲߸Ҳˡ

ʳʣ˯ޣջл㱵أʱѲ֪˼ҹ

ʱüһʤ̣Ӿôıƣδұ䣬δʮ裬ЩʹĹȥԺ󣬲ü衣

һδȷ˲Ӱɱȥס

СʱҲ§ͷֻںڵķ䥵ļ򣬡û·أúܡ

һս·ϵζȷ˵䥻ǽŲ֡

ʱԣС

˵˵ģ㻹ˡԴ˿ǻҭһԺˣܲˣܲˡ

ʱЩǸΪⳡﱸѾã̫ܱ֤࣬һʧԸͬա
ȴˡ

㿴Һúõģûˡ

ʱȴȰ壬ͨ쾾ס½󣬡㲻ҪܰҷںͷʲôҲ˵ʲôңҡҲᵣ㰡

ǸĺܱǸʱ˲èƵ֤Ҳˣ´Ρ

ίˣôãҲӻҶһҲϸ˵Ҳ֪֪òã֪㡭

º䣬ְԺĶңòã鷳ҿԺҶһ߾ױɨ񣬶С

ʱȻסĴָ۵׵Ӱ

óʵĵǣֻŶʱʲôүָʹ

ޣСʱĶͷģҲֿ

ʱ˳ŵ֪Σգֻ»ǻһȥա

𴽰ҲҪߡ

-
лʵ֣ۡձ˴ϷͽʱѾ㹻ʵۣδһ̫ͣãн

̫ھǵľ̫á

̩ɽйͷûگ϶ӡָҡ۾ߣн;פֻ֣̫گûлҲ޷ʱ

̫ӿƾǣҪԾΪأ𲽿أ׳빧࿹⡣õĽɱͻʵۣ˳µؽӹܴܣҲ빧ˮΡ

Ǹûõģûƿؾƣöʱˣ̫ͷǰҡڲڹ̫֮ˣֱڻʵۺ̫֮

֮ǰѡ̫ӻѡͳЮĹͬۡĻʵ۾̩ɽڶʱϣ˭̫ӵˡ

ƾǱõһ壬ȴ̫ӱùԮòؾǡ

̫Ҳ·֮ǰ¬ͨŵıĮ壬ͨĮھǵļϸͷͨţҪǵİ
յĻȴǣѾַƭأǲϵˡ

¬̲֮ͳ˾һ죬ͬĮصİߣҲͳ˾𲽿ƣ󶼽֮

ƭĮĲǴܣƼҾ

Ϣ˵ƼҾگǶʱ˷ҲѾ˾ǽ¡

̫ӵǣվزסˡ





58.     ͬƽƽ

ֳ䥴һС, ժͷ֮¶Ц

˷ƼҾ϶Ӫ˸طҪ¡ʱǰӦ, ԼСβ, ˵ܼӢ, ȻŹλ

Ӣ˳, Ͼ;սɲ̫ӵ, üʱǺˡ

֣ӪصأŮ, ǹô죡ֺʱ, £Ҳ£Ӫͷ, ҲĿ

ż򲻸ҿ, ʱ˶㣬ʱ˿ǵƽ, ˲̵Сƽֻ˧, ʱҲࡣֻҪţʲô¡

̫ûֳҪġðԴ, Цһģֳˡ

ӢȴòսϵۣҲҪսں󷽣˭˿, ͵Ϯ£ָô죡

Ȼͬһֱһ𡣡ʱҲǰҲ˵̬ǿӲսԻ

ӢЦè㻤סأ

Ǿһ𡣡

Ӣһú˲ԸҲⲻã

ʱʾüҪ˵ЩʲôæǰȰ衣

ֳ˵Цˣգͳ˾ʱŵģͬƽƽĶʱǹӢæתսǹղộҲøŵˡ

ͷȰǣǣǸ½ǣϢĿʼ̸¡

ӢչͼǵƽΨǰһǺӣ֮ǰ̫ӷǣɴ˽Ÿˣʱ߸յطͿʼţ⣬ܹǡ

ǲѹ£ڵȴһ⡣

ǹ򾩳Ϊ˳浳Ӣָ˵ͼϵľǣ̫²ûָ

ʱȴҡͷѱ̫Ӱѿأͷ˶浳ӹڳûָǲҪĵ¡

Ǽ鳼ǰɣĸӹ̫ӵˣбЮֵҳһɱˣ½½

벻ƽսɱ꣬һ鳯Ҫ֮ʡʱЦ̫ӷվǣҪЮƳͶ㣬ЮָҪͶή𣿡

ҲҪǣΪһʱ֮ʣŰӢϸ⡣ͬ꣬ж꣬Ȼ֪幥ݳǳأܺĸȻ

ֻһΣƼҾָǴˣԼͬ

Ӣ޵Ƴһ䥣ѹӢͳⲮҲڳڡ

ɫף۶ʱҧŴû˵

¥ƿӣϥ񣬡ƽӣ̫˳ǽں

ţ˴˽ǳе£ʲô߰Ļó̫һڼѪϳǽ֪Ҫʲô۶ӡ

ʱͬӢ˸һȥ

̫ӹȻڳǽϽ

ҳӣҳӣ˴̫ӣּܴ֮߾ʱ߱ı棬вäӽթСˣѹ֮ﰡ

˵УôʼѪϧ¶һȺ³ӣ̫ⷬϷʵǶţ١

¥Ͷ䣬µ޵طʲôƨүأС򿪳ţүǻܷһ

ºôЦ̫ӲΡƶԹѹλֹͣ£齵ͳ±֤ＰˡִӶѰ·

¥еػص̫ӵ»ǵĵԼɣٲͶǰ˷ĵֽǣҪľǶǿúܰ

˷ֿʼЦغЩֱ̫ۡβ¥µ̫ӵǺ𣬻ǻȥ·ҪǸ˰

һֳ̫ڳǽϣֱ߻һˡ

˭Ϊ֮ӣд治֮£ɻǵиˡ

ŵȻǰ̫һУֱۣܵĪطų̫һΪǹİߣ㲻ãͶʱһȴҲûʲôõ˼

һʲôҲûõžλڼҸжգȴڴʱҪЮʱ

ʱɫ̫ۼƼӢЦϣôֵ֮Σúۿף

ݱƣӢȴеغܣϽӹع̫ӵۻ˰ɣƣ֮ĸΨүү̫ҪϵԼȥ

˵֮Ӣ۾ԶԶֻܿһģӰˣŵƨơָ˴롣

ӣ׸ѵǳıӵٹ齵

ӢЦ̫ӷħߵҲŷ񲣬ܴ֮衣
ֱָҪɱ

ƿնŵ֨ҽУƴŤձܿҪ䴩˼򣬾֮ʹɴȥ

̫־ŭЦ޾޸ļǱΪ飬쵽һȥˣãǹ±˶ȺǸʲôģ

ӶֱۣʿǱ㽫ѺǽϣӢһңһңŹУվڳǽϣվ¡

Ӣ̲סȥʱιȻ˵һ̫ۼžƲԣ㽫еǣơ

ʱ˵ûξɶ̫ЭӢĹҲûڴʱ˹ǿǣպʱ˾ǣֻҲֻܵõһճǣԷڡ

̫ӻڳǽϹЦ䵱ʵĹһƬеĽ

ʱĬãʵ޺𣿡

¥Ѿ޺ãֻȹӵ

á߾֣Ҫսŵָȴǽ䡣

ӢŮ춼ϳǽ̫ӱҲ⡣λңȴ㣬֪ʲôʱ嵽̫󣬱һ³ǽ

¡

ʶȥ̣ȴֻüº½ǣ̫Ӻˤ³ǽѪϢ

ʱϣȭ˷ƼҾһľţɱ쳹óŴ󿪡

ɱ

-

̫ɥһ̫ڶõϢһȴ󵽳ǽʾڵĹǶ̫Ϊ߶㣬Ѻκ

̫ͬھҲ˾֮ʵʥּΪṫүһε棬򺡹֮Ҳȫ

͹һֱڳûʲôˣͳ˾غ󹬡

ʵ̩ɽϷҩ־󲿷ʱһΨһʱѵģҲֻϹһγ¶棬֤ܵ˻ţ»ֻ֣ص

ǻعƣƼҾûߣ˷ԾפھܡΪ̫ӵı棬ǣ㣬ϴ֮ʣļ¶

ʵλ⾩ǷڶʱСľսſʱʱϵʵۣۼҪλģ˾ֶȥŹ˵Ķӡ

ػƽʱѾԻ̫Ӻ͹Եϲ£˶¾ǻʵѪ

ǹ֮ŮҲǹ˼ҵϱӢɥлͣҪʸδ˸ˣҪϢˣҲʱŽš

ͬýõ䥣ֱϷ˼⡣

¾Ѿԣʱ㲻λҲǱȨյʵȨܲһĵλ

ʱɫլֻһ䥣Լǰʱ׷䥴̽Ϣ

粨Ҳ˵ʶ֪Լλȶ֣һζܣͬʱöʱٿأںլæ

ʱһǸΣǰԸ罻Ҳ֮֮䥼дģҲӦԽ̵լƣࡣ

һжϹҲæµÿսӵİѻɽһţЩ㶡

ͷдźҵϱ





59.     ԸΪ׺Լ

һĺ, ֹӰβڱ, һֳԴ, һֻȡ

ƱŲϽ, Ц, ĹȥһţװʲôҲû, 첽ߵǰ

ЩµޣȾЩ, ҲáƽϷ, 䥻ӷ㶣սȥ, , ʲô

ѣûʲô䥻ع, ôɫİͷ᲻̫ڣ

֮ǰ̫ռ쾩, ȱùͶθ˴꣬θȻǰǲɢ, ͷļҾȴҲһ⡣

ʱصң߰鷿ûȥҵĵ伮С齱ϲϴתȥ

Ҫʲô, һҡʱȴ֧֧ᣬϱ֮²˿ڣҵĳƣҰС齱ϣҲˡ

ƣգգۣ綼˴ˣǸʲô

ʱȴһۣԼһͷͷҲ˰æͷҵúܣҲȥݰɡ

ֻɶʱ䥱һ۵ɵ棬ǰʱĶת죬Ҳعζ
Цˣ÷ᲲҲͬһҡ

ôãɫɫֱľͷѹãǻҳѾˡ

ʱǶ̶̵һչ¶ã̾˿䥿һʱ嶯˵Ҫѡ

ͷҲǽղģϴʱ䥱ѧԼʱ£˴һܣæΪ˼ұһ硣

ȷʵ֯Ů죬ճڱ޲ҧͷǶʱҲ̾ˣֻձϵ·ĥûţ䥷ʤ

յ˿գŻ˵ˣԶţȥƥ֡

Ҹô꣬ɴûӶߡ·ѧʣѧ˺ʻѧдָָ֡ǶѲҲҪˣͷ·ͣӿȴ𡣡

ƽױȡЦ΢죬ʾضȥƽ㲻ҪӵˣǵùȻܵĳʰ·硣

ֱֺơ

Ƕʱƻؼұܻʱ黹סڸڣѾ꣬׼Ҫƾ١
ǴŮʹ䥹£Ͷвһȡͷڼ꣬Ҳһǡ

ͷôһƣһü۹˾߼˶Ա˴òСɹǣ̫ɱʱȢԸéΪڱηꡣ

ͬʹˡ

ѣӻεģ˸ֻƬֱ㶵ˣ˭Ҫˣ

ЦòУ޲ðԼ񵽵ȥ

ӣܵǰղʱİͷ˰Σӣϡô

ɫȥְ̫Թ˼Һ͹ҲͬռòҪ˻ôЩˡ

ϣ뵽ϻϹΪǣҲܵӰ죬Щ˻顣

ջƣݣĻµ׻ǳˡ

䥶кޣȴоùֽӬͷС˻ˮĸ

һǮƼұ壬û̫ӻǹκһߣڶиɴ͹ӡܱȫƽ󣬵ȷϺõ¡

Ҫô

䥽ӷ£ָһԣ쵽Ҫδˣ⼸һУ˵ɡ

ֹ˼գ̲ס˼ڿϼ

ͣñȹﻹǿ֣˵ſǳļݵƵĺǿū˵ɫƶУ۱ȻƽǮֻǾĻ

ĿһȦüͬϴμһɡ

²лֱ˵ǡ

Ҳͬȥͬү˵˵̫ӵʱѿس֣׷ǲѲЭʵͶϡ̫൳һҶԿ⣬ôǸҪȥľλ

˵׽䥲Ϊ

䥲⣬ֻʱżһ䡣ǰ̫һ±̫ӸǱպֻΪѶԼǰ£ʱ䥼¾ɢҲƣȥ̫ͬһĹԱύ
ܽʵ֤ͳ˾֮ϱʱʥּ˳Ⲯľλ

ʱûгңδƿӦסǸյĲֻǸ٣Ҳ١

ṫ̫ӣ⾩Ǽȴ棬ٶķҲȲˡټϱĴȣܱȫҲѾΪƿ䥶˿ڲ裬õģȲù壬Ҷֿ֮飬ܱסռңҲûĿƾ֮·

岻ҷʲô£׿ûôǿҲףѵҲҪǸһȣ

ո̫ӢݣӢԾԳ֮ɾйд嶼ô¡
˽ﶼ˵Ӣͬʱɾˣزϣ̫˵Ļмֵ

ӼȳһӦ֪Ҳûʲô磬ⶼáҲŭϣǰִַڼҲζԼġС΢°ﲻæ

㡭ҪͻȻ뵽ƲԼַ
㣬֮бᣬԺ˵ǡܿ࣬Ҳ׵ܵܰ

һʣֻѡͿ͡˵ڡ

ҧתת飬Ͳ֪Ͼôģ

䥲ֱһϵĲ뷭ϣѸ䦳ӡǡ

ӣæǰŲã˷ƴĵĸ

ӴѾͷأǽǰɣѾʤȯգ¶־Цֿɳ巸䣬УҲûôྴ

ƵֺͷһԸĵģʱ£΢ᣬʲô
ŮʹзƣӣһƯۣǲõ϶֮Ŀɼһߡ

ҧ촽ûƿĿƱ壬ռ³ʥĲöϣõŹģʥǰԩػĸʲô

ʶ˰벽Ƥһôģͷѵһ㶼ûвɣ羿Ϊα壬ѵΪһ̣ĸô꣬ϹôķƣȷʵһǷǲ֣

üˣǰһȹȥһ̣岻£ؿ



ҴңüҪ֣ȴ˶˳ȥ

ˣͿͣ

ڻµˣָǰס̧˳ȥѾƣһСҲų˶θ

˶ˣȴԵϣæǰס

ӣĪҪ˺¶õˣҪ

ְָϳӢѪ

Ҳĸ׵ʧ˵Ļ䥰Ҳš

סƵ֣ۿ̣ͨǡǲǡˡ

Ůأ˵ءǴٲ£ΪһƤɱŮӲϡ档

䥻ĮӶ޹ξġ

ԸΪ׺Լס





60.     ˶ǣΪ

𽥸, ոǰԴ֣֯ˮ, һлǰ, ոѲǴǰӺա
Ǿʱ̲סͷһ, »Ů, Ϊδվǰ

ǰվãռ, ܹ࣬Ҳй˵, վŸǰϸϸ, Ǿİ

ռҾλᣬµļҲûʣ, Ҳǲɢֻʣ, ΪӭλͣۼǰӭӡǼһֱſڲͷ, Ҳ۹۱ǱǹģҶԡ

, ΪſڲҲǲͨ

ŵɫӣֻֻӲһ֧Ĳҡ, ױؾȲҲ֣̿ƽ

΢΢԰

Ӧ֪, Ϊӡ䥵ӵҸϣ˵˼ûͷβĻɲ꣬ðҽҪ

ⲻƣϲȣҲû˵ʲôֻǰףʲô£ǡ

˵ߣͲҲһߣ԰ˣԵ

źЩüװŪģȽȥƣ

ҡͷſţҽʱٽ

ӡ

ŵЩȻ»زˡ

⻰ҡ̿ģſţ˭Ҳý

һƿţȱ㱻ݵľѬ˰벽

¹첻ƽ䥻ΪǶȻʧķˣֻʮ̳ӣû㶫

䥺ߵߣԭüʣһžƺһֳͷţɫмʫƷ̬
һҲٳʧ⣬ֵ֮ˡ

룬ۿ˻䥣ǶͣãЦʲô

Ҳ֪ʲʲôʱȴµƾΪʲôƾʲôƲң

ƾĸǽϳˡ

˼תδ붨ڣôģ

֪£ҲΨһĿġϾˣֻ૵ظ仰

䥵˰ûĽЩżһ䣬ƾǱ˭ģ

ͷ䥺һЦ㵱ȻǱβԺģ

㲻ظͶβ˽ͨ˶ǣΪ

-

ڷ羰ɣʱΪϲҩ

̩ɽй·ͻȻǰŵవ߶ûüϣ˳ϲһֱۡ

ʵ֪ڰԻʵҩʱʱȰ˵ϲ糷ȴϲܾˡ

˵̻ʵ۶꣬㱻йˣʵ۱ػͳ˾ɡﱸֻΪţһУᣬҪ

ǶʱʤϲԶʧȥۡ

ϲʹˣܹ̣岢ȥӷּʱ˼ʱߣֻҲס

ʱҩۣɴסڣɴ̶סָɾ䣬ɢϲʹͷǺ

ϲ֪ʱΣҧһۣ˵Ƽҵλȥθһ©˿ڷ磬λѾռ׷ˣ

ʱͣһɴƹϲظֻ͵Ӧһ

˻ȥģûռҵõҲ׷ȥ

ǡʱӦһ

ϲŴʲôأòһжãྡˣ֡̾˿治֪ô

ʱû𻰣ɴô˸ᣬʳϲΡ

ϲʲݵؿһۣˣòöһۼŶʱһ࣬Ҫæذ֣úúãɽˣã

ʱиԽ˴ţҶԲס

ɥģóϲˡ

ʱʱǳӣݵĴ󽫾Ը÷۵ߵﶼ˻ϲʵҲʮϲԼҪڹ顣

ʱԻð֣һ԰йʱ˵Ҫݡʡָ·ڸ֣ϰٹ˽ϡķݶûܵùۣһ·Сţ¼֧ϴֽöʱһ졣

СŲԼ֮پȻڸ֣ҹƭ޷¿ݾпҶֻ࣬ˤȡ

նʱֽݣȥ԰СţȴôҲҲšʹô󣬴һ̷ĻʤǰҪ㹫ˣê˼һҪҵǸˡ

ҰҰұ԰ұ;֣һͬѰңھѰ졢ϢдСš
Сű˰Ĵϣȱ̫ҽΣֺȵҩгм

ΪѾ˽ᣬҹʱӭһͷɥСӣﻹһֻȱǵķݡ

СһᣬˣޣôҲҲ㡭

СŲ԰ɨͣδչӣ֪ԼòøᡣֻСĺūŴˣ»ع԰ūһվ۵ĵط

Сȴ˲ᣬûҴˣҺ㡣

Сﾪȴ˿¶

СȻۣϾǸӣصֲֹ

˰ݸ߲ȵͣǿҶмֺɫ㽫㶥˷˼ϣ˶ʼɣȴûܸԱҵĴСӱ죬˵Ŵ˵ĻȫǺӵίҶԲס㣬㺦ˡ

Сʮ£С빬Уů飬ѶԲָȴСӼ仰˵ۿ΢ȡ

ū澣ҲǸˣ߹һȴҪЦ޼᲻ݡ

СҵúܣЩãȻùֻƷݣӵķˣūŸϺòã

С㶵صͷŷ۵ķ޲СЦˡ

ǰҽжʱʲô

СſЦǲҲЦ

ūճлϲ

ʱˣԼʱȹһСţϲȴʼμģպٶҲԼֵ

ֱμҰ䣬ʱ֮һأݺһϢ˶һţϲȴϻʵ۵̣켫һʱ

ʵ޶βԣϲնʱΪӱΪ裬ȴ˳ϲչͳ˾ʱʵϲΪ˾ʱΪָʹҪɸС

ʵʼռɵϣʱÿһسҪÿ°һѵ룬ʱǷʱ򣬻ʵֻһԹֵۣгϲ͡

ǹгõֶΣĿҪĥȥʱ־ϲܹҲԱʩù¶ʱܲסǰ֪ʱȴҾǸ

֪ƣΪ룬Ը£ʱ۳ˡ

ϲſڽࡣҲʱ֪ʱмҪҪ
ڶʱˣϲΪˡ

ӣūˡ





61.  ʼ   


ʱͷռҩ, 𻰡

ͷЪչ, ѵõĺϲһ, ͻأֲ, ̾ӳô, Ҳɼˣֻϧūá

˵ʱڷеĶ, ʱԣ׽岮, ʱҪϵġ

й仰, ūˡѳ, ź˹ˡʱҪ, ϲЦŰ֣ūСУĶ, 龫ǣδѿ, ѿǡظűȥ̩ɽйȻоգɽˮ֮, ˡ

빫׼ū뿪ǣ¡

ʱͷĬãΪ롣

Ȩǵة໹һȨµĸɵϲڻһ, ѾǶʱеߡĽ

ʱиĵҪܵ๥ڦοߵǱѰ˶Ѹյһ·

翣ȿɳɾһˣҲ˲ݻһˡܷԱʮʱʼնŶȻ˲Խ񣬲Խ࣬иԣʱʱֶΣҲԷڡ

¶ʱձȨв֮һʱͷ˼⣬û㣬Ҳһȥ
һ֣һѾͷˣϲ룬ǸʡЩɡ

˵ɽˮȫдʣ˻һܽڷ֮䣬ϲȷٶ࿴÷羰

ͷūúþӪūϲЦţʱ˸Գƣ̫ƽ̰ɡ

-

Ϲ˵ƾͶβйҡ

ŭͷûӾ˾໰ƨ

㻹ңͳãֺͶβǸȴģ˵ʲôýʸٺһЦӰװʲôߣ֪˽飬ͱǶȥҸ㣬ҲŲ⣬㰮ŴȥֻҪ㡭

ȫԻ䥲ֻ˵Щʵ֤ȫܲѣ

ҿˡ

üһ㿴ʲôˣǿˣǿˣˣ

մӳκȻͬʱƣ»ġͷйαظĻѣߺذͷ㻹е߳ģ˵֮˽ᣬʡȴҶֵĹ򡣡

˵ʲôɫףץסص㣬ĸĸˣ

ֵؿһۣ˻ҷˣԼôĶ֪ս䥣ڵظΣԵúã˯úãӣһһ棬һһ棡

˵ͷ㿪ʼŭͷѷһţû°ɣ

ԭشվһɻȥžƿӲ֪ЩʲôѾõҪĽתȥֻһ˴谵

ǡ桭

۽ǻһˮѸû뷢

-

ʱصθѾڼңһǲ죬ͷ񣬶ȥ¡

һжȻ

ڷں˲޵μټθһһʲôĿѺ˶ҧűͷһüɿ̼¼

վű߿ãֱʰöſڿЦݣôվǶҪԷˣȥ·ɡ

ʱվûƹӿǣǣ֣ôˣôҪҰæôˣ

ͳϲĹϵʱʱ䥺гصǺҲͬȥݼΡ

ʱҡͷް˿Ѿˡ

ֻס䥣忿ȥԼ

ЦҲסôˣôճˣ

ʲôҪô

䥶һ£ûа

ʱյøҪˡ

ȥĶһ£ȻˣҲעⱣܵġ

ҵġʱЩίȷһ飬ûʲôҪҵô

ûСЦǣסûһ˿߰ɣǰͷں÷ˣǿȥ·

˵Ҫ뾩Ϣʱֵú֣٣ͷһʧӡ룬һóϣȻԵòײࡣ

ˣǰ࣬ûĸơѵ⼸пУҪȥһ¡

ʱͷһûżϰ׺ŵѣ£ҡȥɡ

䥹Źֵһۣʲô££ǽյ鶼Ųաȥ͵һбæգαࡣֲԶͬȥһ˾ͳɡ

ʱȴţһ۽ȥɡ

ŴЦԼȥͳɡ˴ҶǸ¥ҿеúܡ

á

䥵Щ⣬㵱ˣ¾ôأҴٴҶǴ̣ٴϺ¥ȥվ𣬵ǡ

ʲôһҲûתȥվҪõĶ

ʱڴϿæµ㻹ô

ʲôû塣

ûʲôʱͬһʰҪ÷ǵôɡϻǱûɡȻ㵽ˡ

-

ͷ£ڣҲ֪ʱ١

䥱ŷҶšμҵȻͬ죬䥷ǵã֮ǰÿ£þɮ̲飬ȴͨ裬ֻòʱ˳ɽ

ƻǼңǹ˶࣬һƻҲһˡ

ҶͷͷΪһͭ裬ϻ𣬽дõľһȼȥ

ĸף̫ˣˣʵ۹ӲдŮҲûجΡ
ĸףŮ޸˶ʱúܺá
ĸס

û˵ڣͷһһ䶼̻ɢڿС

ռڸĹɽĹλڼС

ȴΪϹһյƣÿ겻ΪվҲֻڴʱͬ˵Щ

ʱ˵ûϣȴΪվҪƾϾ˼Ѱ

ʱ˵ºҲǸˣû

Ϊ˵ʵ

ȥʱ䥻û֪꣬ˣҲֻģģ֪ϲҲ˵ĸ׶֣ԺģҲֻгݣϻʱ

˵ĸһλһģŮӡû¹ϵĻԶῴδ˵Ҳ֪ûƾǡ

ֻܴӳ˵ֻƬ֪Լͬ߷Фƣһ˫͸һǴ̳ġ

һȼգ䥷һҳվ̲סͷ˵

ĸף£Ҹòأ

ﲻɾţϲͬβ˽򳤹ݵӢöʱ޽Լ

ϵҲȻͳйءһ鲮Ůܸʵʱǰ;ƽĶμҹӣóڹܽꡣ

Ҫʳ֪ô

Ļңһ˿̷лϨַ˺һ

ȻͻȻԼһֱϵһľǡ

ùⶫľʺᣬ£мΪRд²̶Ҫ˼RԹͨꡣһһΪʥΪУΪЦδʾΪ׶༪٣С

űRŷȫŶȻӣͨǰδмƵĶһԱRӦġ

Ҳ꣬꣬δ޳Ҳ˵

ͻ룬ǹЦһԼ쿪ȴ𴽣Խʢ

ĸףΪҽҸòʣ
±RΪЦҪʾ

Цžડ죬϶һˮϣü䣬ȴѾӯ

ʵĸףҲ׷Ѱ£Թô
һЦ

סˣѵ˵һ쿪
ʥƣԶ֮Ϊ֮˵翣кЩ޵ĶԼġ

ԡ

䥲ᣬֱʵĸףЩʾ֮ΣǷӻĽ
ʥǡ

գգֻۣ˸ʷĸףͬҲ׷ô
ʥǡ

ĸףҶԻô
ʥǡ

Цһ紵֦ҡΣҶۣһƹصᣣȹǡ
ϣ羭ȼһɢˡ

------





62.  һ   Ըƽһǡ

, ôȥˣ

Τִüϳۣ⿴ϡһӰ, ȥ, ҡҡ׹, ˵úܡ

ƾϻεһ, Τһ󾪺, ԼЦٻ, ôš

Ӱ΢б, ؽĹߣƾЦӯӯź, ֱҲ׳

Τü, ûˣǰһѣӵĸ, ŵ

ƾƼҵŮΤ, һǽŻŮһҹŮǰ˸Ӷ, ·Ҳ໥ܿĹϵȴԵʻѡ

ʮǰƾ游ؾְײϴԣһȥйΤҲ֮СΤԳƥܾ, պ·ƾ£˱Ӵ˽ʶ

ƾӢ˴򶯵ĲֹΤһˣʱڳĻʮŮӣòõǳⲮҵӣдЩʫֲܻ˵

ƾƾҲסԴ˸῵ļԣ˵ʲôҲҪھǡ

ʵ˵¾ȤּͻƾƾԸھǣȴûЭǸɴغŮնϹϵֻ

ʮһζƾһԶŮΤҲ޸ӢӣһŮΪؾصҸжѰһ˿

˵ɣʲô£ƾΤһۣӢְɰظˣ

ӢƾĴӣһ첻ߣƾ̲Ը̣㽫ӵӢȥӵһͬѧ䡣
⵹ãӢСӺҲ򲻹ӢƾÿÿƼӱ׵ģͷڨڨ

Τû⵱¡Ӣңֵ¼£СǴ򲻹˼ұֻܸùĸ׵ȻۣȴҲӢĥʯ

ǣ㲻ΪΤἫط˸ۣսˮ磬ȥȥ

ǻʵãСǱǻòʱòԽޣ˴ܵһ֮ʫòأƾʱš

ʢˣ󽫾ʱνǲӼˣһԣҲý͹ͥСÿÿ磬иҹ󸾹ŮҪȥƫƾҲԸȥ

֪㲻ЩȽڣҲˣٲȥһ˵ĻҲûСΤ½ǣðҿڽǰ˾״Ҫȥģ͵ȥˣòã

ƾƲƲ죬վͲס󣬡ðɣҿǿڳϲŴӦȥͬӿûʲôϵ

ΤһͬƽϣҪȥƾŮ

Сðװۣ˾Цһ˫۾ֱƣΤĶˡ
ѽ˵䥶ôôأ

ƾȴҡҡͷѾͷڣҲ˹ˣǰرװࡣ

иճӱֻ±ЩΤֵһۣҡС䥶㰢Ϲ˵䥶ϲϲ̣̼磬䥶һؼϱòã

ȥȥȥƭҹŮƾЦһ󣬺ش˴Ů۵գС۾ɹЦҪ˭õǧѡѡϲĲźãҲŲ۸

ƾƾһϲ޸ֵʥϴͻ飬ٺòԵȻϷĻʼ֡ͬƼҶϾ⾩ĸ֧ţҲ޴߿ࡣ

ѡԼϲģô
Τζҡ⻰ĵס

-

Τߺƾ˻ŷһС֪ܽˡ

ʮ꣬µĲǱ˴Թ˴񣬶໥ʱֻʣĮȻ

ƾͬΣȴǵһϳԷΪռҵĹء

Ҫȥ磬÷

ͷͦãǸöȥύύҲӡ

ƾÿӴѬ㣬߰㣬ͻȻûθڡ

磬ӦΪףνʤ̣˵ȢλˣӦҲȥڻ֮Ҳ̸̸ģǼҲ磬һЩ

ƾͣ˿ӣһԲ

ģҲߵп룬ҷԴΪϮٲǰ̣պּңһôҪ̴󷿺Ͷľȼ𣿡

ƾЦǰ̣νйϵ·ũΪ֮˾ũҲǾҪĵطҲ㾿ʲô⣡

һԲϳǶ˵һߣ۹۱Ǳǹģҳ

Ҳ֪ιһôǮͣôǮð·Σʵȥ͸ҽύҪƵطȥһֽŰѹ˾ũʮ꣬࣬ʲô

Խ˵Խƾʾȥ

˭Ψףͷѹţ˿Ҳ׽ǵôᱻ˳⡣üиޣύĶǹˣȴΪ˵ϰ仰ͷͨ죬¶
ҿǺʹ󷿶һҪѹңҵʲôϢ

⻰Ƕͷһˮƾɫס

֪ź仰û˵

ЩǷֵˣƾΤ֣˵û䡣Ƕһңһǻ壬ǵɷҲλȨأһֱòͨƾһȴƾܾ

һֱƾ˽ΪƼҾѣûĸ֧ţٵõǸλ޾͸᧿Σ

ƾ

ȷͬΤ֣ãҲֻνͣӢͳȷȨƣһڣǵ·ӣֻܳΪǵĸӹˡʱͻԴ
Ȼ뿼⣬˾ũӣԸȥҵǰ䡣

ƾҧϿڣһ侲

̾˿㲻Ϊ룬ҲܵΪ롣Ӣƴ󣬰Ӣ˵úýύӣȻȥȭţһүֻ˾ũ¶ȥа䥣ŮΪףΪ㣬ܼ֮ʲô˼ң

˵֮ȥȥԺӡǶˣҪû취ŰŮռҡʫ飬Сᣬ˵ƾ׳־ܶĪ

Ǹģٳ谮Ҳûã⵱Ƕ޵أƾֵֻ˶ġ

˵ĻЩһֱƾߡ

ƾʳʣɴ಻ˣ˰ϯ泷ߡ

ҹˣڴշת࣬ҹãҹѾͷסⷢǳǳƾã̲ס߳š

֮ĶڣڴϺ˯ҡ￩ЦӢվڱϱƾ

硣Ӣ¾ᣬһҡҡһָԼظһ䣬硣

䥱øˣС΢ţĵúܣǲϺһ硣

Ӣ䷳һĵظûõҪĻӦҲ١ɫ۱˯²ʡƲƲ죬䥸ϱӲߡ

ƼƾվſڣһȫĴ̣ؿԼĸס

СӣԸŹֵúܡƾЦЦʳָŴʾ˴˳

ղϿˣô˯ҪðҲܿαҹУ

˭ϡӢЦ̤̤ǰߣĩûסֵǸǮɻı˯ñȹ磬ҲĴ󡣡

Ķѧôֱ֮ԣƾšüСӣĸףевУ

ӢŲ˵һˡƾԶԶûˤţЦЦҲ˯

-

峿ƾ˸磬ѣһ׺챦Ρ

٣һױƴӾòϸױ֮ǰһŮޣװˣˣһϲ

ƾ꾵ãϲɫôǾ߰ɡ

˳ΤҲ档

ƽ㲼ĵǲԣһ磬ôͬճһΤƾת˼Ȧ°Ц㻹ĵزȻ׼ˡ

ƾһЦȥĻ

Ⱦºˣϯϣҹ󸾼Źӷ˶ƾٲҲ̸һ˵һȥҲͰˡ¿ۼ·Σȴǰࡣ

ƾҲʮָˣȴҲٲԹ䡣

㼸ζ˵붯һţ㻹ˣ治ӡ֣òɣ˵ҲͳһΪȴһҲڼӣƾԴΪѵʵҲܣµϲݳˣɵҺúù񫣡

ƾҲЦ⻰ɷˣңúúãҪ򼸻Ҷ㣬ҪӮҪ伸Ҳĺòã

֣û˵ʲôΤЦõϣðǹƤӱʲôһ۾ܿ͸Ҳȫ˵ѽ

֣һģﶼܵЦ⡣

˭˲֪һģȴ򡣹ͷĹϳҲֻܴһЩ뾩йŮһʱҲݲ֣֮òãȴܻʤ

ƫƫ֣򻹰ƣһȥҲЩŵͲҪ⡰áӮֱϼƾﲻŹأڳϸΪ֣ԼսܣдαúˣᣬǱƾӮһء

ƾᣬʵû취źۼ˼Σ֣ȫҲܵʤ淨ó񫣬ûþҪƾҪԼӮһء

ͷ˵˵ЦЦǱ߿ǿƾ缸֡ϯλŮ˵ʱһƾȹӣɫɷףʶ򳤹

ȹӣƾǹŮ£֣æҺͷ·úܣͬƣȥһͺá

ƾӦ£ŮȥԺһͣ׽ҲУֶһ㿴ء

֪ƾ˷ֻ̣·ݸԼͷűϣƾȴûŻѣЪ˿

罻űЩΧסǿҪȥҺѱŪۣҲܽŻµʱ
ÿʱƾΤᣬһǸӣͬ˵ʱȴʮ

ƾ̾˿ʮˣûϰ߾⸱ɡ

ĥĥ任·ͷһ£Ȼüͷһ壬֪òóȥ

ǰͷ˼Ϊλƫ·ҪǰȰ룬˵òȴʱûҲˡ

ū澲μ¡£ͷ

ʵһ߿ǹˣ۾Ҫߡ

ȴãϥеǰͷˣŮݱܣ

ʵûˣǹһأӣʲôģ

˲԰֪ԼԼǻˡʵݣš

ڲ֮أƾֲܣֻܱȥ

ʵɫ죬۴⣬

Сֺƾͷ˿Ҷ»ʵۿߣԼϳɳ

ƾͳƣӰһģһʵ۰ѣ䵭ıӰŭͷڣŮӣβԲССūƥܵ飡ǴӣΨޡ

̶仰к座ƾȥ˲ͳ棬ǰͷСȥ˭֪ʵ۾Ϳȴ㣬ܣǰץסֱס

ƾʶͬ˺һȹȥûʵ˵ӡ

ʵ۱ץˣ־Ѽ֣ǰ˲֣˭ôڴ˴

ƾʱܳ⣬ľɵİǽҲӰ

-

ǰͷϯһƽȿ޹ﻨϡѼ˵νɱķңûþӦм͡

֣˻ͷʹˣƾô·ȥôá

ҡͷ˵֪֣ЦǼ·࣬˰ɡλȥƿ

ΤᣬΤ⣬ȻкڳĿˡ

֣첽ǰͷô£

˵ͷصŷºƣ֪ߵԺڸ£ūֻ¡

֣ͷһӿŲ߽ݣƾѷңһƱ֪ô¡

֣ҽ㡭

ƾ侲ûóѡ

¾ǰݺֻԭȴƾǸѾͷ֣ߵˣڴ˵ֻ̻Ҫ˱սͣ㲻ᴫʲô¡

֣ո˿ȴƾЦǻˣ֮ǰ볤Ӧһ¡

ʲôΪʲôֽ֣ţＫˣﻹãȻ

ƾʮǿӲ˼ɫ£ڸϳ£д漸ԣصôӦҲźã

֣ô˻飬ͷңҪʲô˵ˣ㡭ſڱտڰϰ

ƾμҶۣƷѡҪԼöʱƸŮΪνԸռҲԸԼɸġ

֣ڴӦұд⣬ֻӻСԸ桭

ƾȴǿӲҪǰ££ǰп֤

֣ͷȦͨ죬ʲôãұȥ˵ҡ

鶨ˣƾ΢΢иҲᡣ

˵ұ¿ЩĶѾǻ

ڻʵ֮ûӦѣȻҪݡ֮˶ͷϯ˭;뿪һʱ֪

ƾͷָѪŴŵص¼ˣίˡ˻ʵۣѾǲֻҪӡ

˼ǰ󣬳ųʱǸŨΪΣ¶ʱĻ£ֻҪ׮ڣͶμôҲûٸ۸ӢãӢҲ

ʮ꣬ǰΪ೤ȴӢܽǣ䥸ǻδ꣬ӾҪûĸˡ

֣׹ֺ޵ؿһᣬƾһͬʱΡһͬƽػصǰμӺռŮĻ£˻Ȼۣ׷׳Ե˵Щ黰

ƾǿϯؼңǡҲɢ

ôôͻˣüͬ˵ĻһҲûȥֵļҵķˣͱ˴ϻ𣿡

ƾû𻰣ֻҡҡͷ

䵭̬ȴУһȥƾĿıӰֻԼʮʵڿЦ

ӢӢΣûôƾߵҡߡ

Ůȷúã˼ҵСͰ͵ģԼǰװһСţһһƯ˫ۣѾмԼģ

ŴƼԺǣִָ»һƬ⣬ƣҶ࣬ѿܶʼˡ

ƾһӣͷֵ䥵С䥼ֱס֣ҧСû룬ʵСƾץˣصúúһ

أƾʮݵؿŮſϱۡ

ҵĺӣԸƽһǡ

ĸ׶Բס㣬ٿˡ





63. []    С

Сܳ谮, ˹ţʱƿ淽שʯǽԫ, ľݲʤö١Ϊ, ڻױֵѲ

ЩѲʱɵط˸ߵԺǽ, ľӰӳ, ĴѲԺ

ʱϵҶ, ҪǰߣͻȻһ, ҿ, ѸٵߵһôïܵҶΡ

Զ, ˫ѾٵС׷׷ܹ

ʲô˵, ±عסҪһɨѧòܷſΡ

ǰͷСȫУԴϻż׹, Ԫֺذʲô, ǸŮӡĸ˵ˣŮӣ֦Ҷ, ֲմˮʲôˡãǵҪԽݻԱ㣬ɱǣ

ǣ

Сͣ½ŲԶֳ, ԾվԵͬǺĹεӰֻ

һ˶ˣȴµǷӹΣˣָָŮǸӹΣ÷֪ˣصǼְ壡

δˣǵĻ͵˳еʮֲޣˤɨ׷β飬ȰҲˡ

ôСҲֵȥʱϣ°ͣͷСȥȻԼҲ鳤꣬ȴЩΪ˵Եá

ȺѾͷڳϿεĹŮˡ

ǰЩⲮƴͻȻʣתȢ¸Ͻö꣬ԼҪŮ׼ңʵۣ㽫ռŮӵ
ΪСįԼҸۡ˸ʲôŮѧиСҲһ顣

ǽǺͬһ㣬ҪҼ档

Ա˵ĺ˾ģӵǲŲʡʱؾһ£ڽΣɳû̽ʹҲӲ

뵽˴ʱЩƣ۽ƳһɫѵСײײؿţҴææܹ

ý㣬ôܵô죬ȵѽ

ͷƤ飬СһšκЦһ˹Ｑ׷ǣôԼĴβͣƣβ׷ˣ㻹Ǳȥ±عסɣ

ͬСЦһ󣬽ˡþ쿴ȥû׷ϣò׸ķ¹ﱧԹ㣬ܵôӹһء

¹ǸΣ̫ܵˡ

ô˴ͷһơ

ķӹش󣬲ѧŮʹҪÿտκɨﱾиլԺĹˣѧñҲ಻ȥ
գû飬ɴҲȰ˵ͬһӡñҲֱߣƫһڿҿҵɨԺӣֻ

ҲͰˣɽǹٳ϶Ѿ׼ˡ

ֶ౧Թ䣬˵Ļ˸ɣջؼҪˡҡҡͷýȻȥɣʣµ鲻࣬һ˾ͳɡ

ģ

š䥵˵ͷҾסڹЩҲûϵﻹ˵ȣȻȥɡ

ԥһͷһ߳ܣһ߻ͬ𣬡Ҹ֣

áŽҲӻ֣շ壬ŮѧΣҪټþ͵úˡ

ʱϿ˰Σ°͡

¹˵ԼסڳǡԼλδޣ

աʲôţ

û·СƽʯϣȴͻأذһӣžһԵڵϡ

Сʱ϶ˣզ࣬ˤҲ̫˰ɡ

⣬Ѿͷ϶ޣʱһ࣬Ͳˡ

ʱŵضǷɫӰȴСĳվŶͷԭתȦûҵŵʯͷʼǰߡ

ǡžһ죬Īذˡ

ˤӣʱЩҪˤˡСﻹûޣƨվǰͷֿͷյˤ۵Դǰߡ

ȻһŲŹȹڣһԵȥ

䥽ۣԤľʹûеӭһĻ̧ͷһƣǰͬӢɫ𪣬òʣһ˫һԡ

˱Ź֣ģÿգգ۾űӰ軨ľһ˷ڵϡ

ⶼˤˣú·

ҡúߵġ䥾Щֺ˭ڹô

ʱһûӦҲûݣʵʲô֣

ɻʲôѽ

ʱûҪҪùֻ֪һʵ㣬شˣٻش⡣

ȴӦҡͷԣŮý֪ˣҲ֣Ҳҵġ

Ů֮ûýԼ㲻ܻͨ

⵹ˣʱװģüѾѧǡˣ

䥵ͷ̾˵Ҫְ壬ʥΪҪдô

ߵǰ̧ȾҪȥżȴżۿҪԵʱƲۣһѣְ˶˶á

ú·ʱüСδ޸֣㻹ûء

䥾ȵۣ˵òôƽƽ߹ţʮָмֵлλӢ

ʱӣЦ㱳¡ǡǲǰʱ䶼ˣ

ô֪ģһִԲ㶣мֽɱ߷ӣȻֵ÷ҡ

ָңұ㲻ȥǸ״

ԣ㲻֪ҵ֣ôܸ״һҡҡͷҲŲϵء

Żɵ㶵ģִˡʱ̿㲻˵֣ôӣҿͽСˡ

һ೤Σ䥴ůһҲŪߵĶʱʱ۾иֱϣ˯

䥸ɴƼѴ̧ĸ첲ˣղҪȥô

ʱǲۣսֱۣӲ˲䣬ǡ

䥱ЦˣλѮǾõȵġҪټ˯

ʱһ⶯һ۾ˬ

ǰ¸Сӣ˳Ұ˵Ρ

ʵںò̬ȵܲϵؽµΪ̫ӣûΪµۣԼ̫ϻʣƾ嫺󣬳˦ѳ

µ̫С޷ڳƾ٣ʵ׷ʱΪܾκƽٰٷϴˣһеӶѹ˶ʱϡ

̫ʧһ¶͢ƶȼ༫ıײϾ̫ѱϴҲְλ

Ҫģ˰ҪģƶҲҪģ⻹Ҫ㿪˲ţ͢ԱĿȱ

ʱȨȴˣҹ£ñȴǰͳ˾硣ǾҪʵҲҷſֽţʲôëƤҲҪۺʩС

ʱòУɴ˾齨һû飬е鶼ڻһۡ˵⵹ʹǰ糯ֻ࣬˶ͬ⣬˶ܲⷴԣһ˲öϡ

ú󣬶ʱһɿ࣬λĶҪۣûʱĥٽͷȨųȥøֵϵΡ

ǰʱӪӪò׵õһУȴҪַųȥȻԭġ

ʱùٷر䥣ĶͷĶӣ̾˿ԺӣײڼʱҪЩĸס

Ц֣ͳȥ¡

ݣǸȴĹҵزһСٹºӾҪڵʱǳ̫࣬ʱǺ޲ߡ

߶ʱҲǰױҶκӹѡ

ǰˣҲӢȥ

Ƽ޵λڼǰƣһеڣձ϶θ׽Ȣ˼ҡ

ڷ֪ʱʵȣӢȴֱ׳

֮ǰӢھʱΪźͨţ֮ͬ󾩳ǳ£ֻǰԮӢһֿء

ؽ֮ûںݵλֻôˣӭȥ޵ġҲ㺣䥾ûʹسȫˡ

ߵľҲʣ¸ҶҶҲ̫á

ȥͳ˾ó˾ڱɵְӷɰתϽͳ졣书ѣĬԣƾһձɹڽ
żȻ䷢֣λӷͳҶʱ˵ĻҶÿμҲЦӯӯ

ױãʱ̫̫֮⣬СʵҲڡ

Сʵ۸ɱ飬ڹûԹӣվֱ࣬һģ

֣̫󣬻һӡʵ۹ˣȥӰɡ

ʵصͷǣ߳ȥҲûԶڵԺ

Ц£λҲˡ

ɲôó̾һ񻹶ڻʵϣСܷˣٳ꣬Ҳֻ֣帣ˡ

֣ЦЦֳ䥵ҿôűϻЩǲСˣ

ߵǰ˶˰ӹ˴һ˵

̫ϻҪˣүʲôµþˣʱɥһǴ⡣

ƣʵ۴к겻֣˿ƾ١±㶼Ҫͣڡ䥵ͷӦ£ֵ̫ϻǱߣôˣ

ǰ֣ͷ̾˿ϱֻᷳûһ˿ϧˡ

̫ϻʻعԺ󣬱㱻̫嫺̫佫ңϾ̫ϻʳ̫ӣƽֻ»֮
Ǵزۣ̫嫺ʮꡣ̫ϻ䵽䵱ʱ˵˲ֳ£ֻ̫ûס

˵Щлǹϵ֣Աȴһ㡣ֱϦ£ϼ޺Ѫзָμߡ

ʱѵ̫ʵ۽ȻСʵۻظֻʣ¹ú䥡

ҲҪ𣬹ȴ

СҲĸ׵ˣҡҡ

䥵̫ɷˣǱĸҲССޣʲôæء

С㣬ˣ˵ǰ̬ŵüͣҲĸ׵ˣ֮᲻֪㣬ͰһأҺͶʱ˵˵Ѻӻң

䥲ܿºﶼڹУն̸ϡ롯⻰ס

ô᲻ףͬڹУ̫ΪĸڸߣȴҪܼ֮ͨһӯڽޣ׶Ӱҡ

Ǵܵı£ǻʵۣӡ䥴ҪҰ㣬Ҳһ䣬˼˸ڼңλһգ˼˾ˣ

ʵԼۣʱеȷ

Թ˼ΪʣҪЮ빬ΪҪһлѪļ̳ˣȴ֣Ĺ֣չܡΪʵ۵ĸÿֻܼʵһʱҪǵ񣬸Ǽն

ܲˣҲԣֻҪù˼ȫǰ;Խʵ۽ӻصչܡ

ҪӣȴӢļˣ˵ٿزӢļˡͬ˶ʱ˼Ҳ֧롣

ʵСײ֣ϥ£պ֣ı֣̫ʵǶʱĸʵ֣ʱ
ˣʵϵĸӢʵϵĸȴ

ıһ֮˹úӢΪӢĸӷ룬治˵ĵҲ᲻ԾزԹӢ֮ȴûݸеȨҲᰵֹá

ñϾǻʵĸԽ˼ҲϣԽڲٿأԽԶʱ

û˵ֻԭᡣȰ³ĶӣǴܵı£պͳĺʷҫΪĸöΪǡ

ǣûһжԼѡģúڡЦ䥣㲻Ƕʱӣ˵ԽԽˡ

ҲܣƵϣֻǿӲ
ڹ˼ҺͶʱ֮ѡҪģֱѡĺ

˼ݺμңڶμʱ侮ʯ㲻˵ⱳ£˵үݣͬѹɡۼŹһ㽩ӲӲĳʱӣù˼˵׹ݣ㲻ٶҿڣҪ뵱̫Ҫ뽫ʵջߣֻΨһһ

˵֮תߣĴ󻺻ϣʹ޵Ӱصĺסٿ

֪£òδУ˼޹óеһеˡ

ǵβԱѹʱʱڹͣڸ׵УҲ޹ġȴ˶ȥֽžȥһ书ԹȨգΪʳֻ½ҲӲʷ鹥ڦӲһ鳼š

ͻȻѹҶӱޣؼҡ

ҪЩʱ˽Ļ§Ҳɿ

Ҫ߶ʱǰ·ǺǻǸǻջ̤ʲôĵ·

ҪԶԶһ


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