صС˵www.27txt.La ȥС˵
½Դ磬ȨԭУԤ

СʦõĿѧ֮áߣǮ
İ
ԱԲéɽͬСʦá
Сʦ飬ӭ͵
Сʦ󷨣ͨӡ
Բߵľѧ죬۸ߺ
Ұѧѧ
ѧǵһ
ӴˣԲΪѧʯ᰽糹ϯһȥء
ֳ
ףֱҪһģʽ
㣺΢ֵȷʽʰٷְ٣
׫дغ㶨ɣһŸһǿ
ҩƣѧʽݣſŶ
ƣϳţ
С糡
ʯĴУȪңλ걬
ԲɪһţӳŻɫСʯͷ˲ըλ꺿޲ֹˡ
ʦʦ㣺Сʦãķеţ
Բͣðɡ
ģԭѧըҩӵô󡭡
ʬɽϣ졣
Բһ򿨵СĽ˲䱻
ʦʦ㣺СʦõķԽԽţ
Բ棬ɺϡ
ģԭ
Բ£˴Խʿĳָ
ɥĲĴʱ塣
˴ԼݻԽҡ
ŰټҶΪԲǿŹʱѹҡ
ֻλʦʦ֪Բéɽġ
֪СʦVSǿĺܰԵĸڴ
ף
11V1HEǿǿ
2Ű
3ɳѧ
ݱǩ  Խʱ ˬ
ؼ֣ǣԲʱ  ǣ  
һ仰飺ѧСʦãڵţ
⣺ƽ˹˲ǿѧǵһ
637 ǰղ4113 ӪҺ1919 »֣61,736,492

1.   1 (׽)   ɽǰ


ҷɽִУԲѾվ˺һᡣ

Ϊ췢һص¡
Խˡ

һСʱǰΪվֵĿԱʵоӽṹȶԣ˸ͳ⸱ӵġ¡ˡ

һᰵ硣
ͬСéɽŰСʦãߡ

ɽǰǡǧʦĿᡣ

ںɽɹ׽һֻ꣬ôպŴ󿪣ܺʦʦһɽμһһȵġٹҹ¡

ڽԲéɽԺĸϹʽ

ϢʴŽԲĴԣΧһֻ꣬ű

ɽԲȴͷһ

ڰеݵֻаƴ󣬾һ˫۾Բ˿˫۾װ˾ţʧ룬͡

ĺ

˭ֻ̳˻䣬ȴû̳йھһſ־ɣ

ýԲʱ˹ȥƴСʦðѧķ󷨡

Ҫץճþ侻
Ҳĥ
ͨ䣬ͨķʽ磽ٽг

ǣôôڣͨӡô

ΪʲôֻҪ֡ȡͳˣ

Բ̽ŽԼһŤƱȻ˸Ȧ

˳׶һ򵥵Ļ

˳
˳


һ׶·

Բߡ

Ȼ˸ʲôСʦã

˳ʦʦһɣ

ôɽôμӰٹҹУȴͷ

éɽڱλңԻо

ǷСʦû˻꣬ضǣʹɱ֡

뵽ˣԲ˶Խ

֣ζøȥҪ㣬üǿġ¸ҵġɹ

Χ

ҷɽȻشƣܴΪƹߣһ붼ᱻչɢ䡣

ռеľƶϣֻһĳŨҳ겻յĵطϢ

ɽֻط

һǰɽ۳ء
һ˺ĺס

۳ȻչŨΪһȻȪʣ¶ȳӸ߲£˲

Ƕ˺ס

ﵽ˺߰СʱҲ˵ǰֻСʱս

ýš

Բ˰Ķ

ţȻֻ֧õɫ졣

ֻ֮һƿ굤ǽԲ׼֧ʱӦġ

ҩˣǳ԰ 
Ҫˣõ޸֮ĿԱץ

ԲһŲ굤޺£ڼĵҩ͸ͻȻůͣ±Թ̾Ϣһ


֮֮ҪĲǱԹ취ץ

װҪô˳ץֻꣿ

ְҵϰýԲʶڵϹ˸ʽ

۵ľݴԡʯͷ÷ʽ֯ϵ
ҲзʽǲǾܰغĶɣƹʽҵİ취

ȵȣ񡭡Ҳǲԡ

Բ۾Ȼһ

*

ҷ嶥éɽéһƽʹͽɽƽͽܶΧӰǰŽԲ֡

Ͷҷɽ˺Ϸ

˿Ǻ룬һĺڵӰƯţĿ꣬ꡣ

ԲôûѰ

éһƽ֦ȻŻɫۣȴݵϱ߳أ׵ͷҲð˿ʱʱ÷ȥһѣȻǵȵĲͷˡ

ͽɽƽ˶ͦվһԣȻҲʦһΧãȴԳࡣ
ٵȵȣСʦñЩġ

ͽܶԱ߱Թһ䡣
ʦ⣬Ϊ˲СʦɽСʦôӣŵײ֪Ҫˮݡ

éһƽ˶һۡ
ҳѣҲɽЩʲôɽ²ھ֪ѶˣС߻ҹĿ࿴ɽ꣬Ȼܴһء

۵˶һɡ

ɽƽǰСʦȻȴܴһķӣҶû뵽

Ҳ⵹ǣСʦƽյͶ࣬˵ץֻءʱʦ㲻˵㻰ɣ

éһƽɫһϹ˵ʲôأɽŰץ꣬ʦֶû㣬һԾɱ˵Բ

İʦ
֪ʦ

ʦ쿴Сʦˣһ

éһƽ۾һУȻӰԵһ̽ͷ̽ԵСԴ

*

Բ֪һһбʦλʦΧš

һ·ĿİѰ˺Ȼ뵽˽취ȴҿԡ

ûɶԭ򣬾˰

ֹ̫갡Ķˡ
ϱֲӰûⱲһۣҪȥۿȥ

ԲԴ󣬱۾
Ҳ£²£

*

Ȼ֪ӰǱߵһһƷͷ㡣

ԲҴߣһ
Сʦ糿˳˵Ҫչֻ֣ꡣû뵽ѼӲ

ɽƽֻεĿİ̾
Сʦõᣬǳⳡǵˡ

éһƽ˴Ǻӣû˵ȴѾס׼һŲԾͳ־ˡ

*

Բٴδת˳

һһҽţݰͰ͵Ǽ㣬͸ղҴߵӷˡ

ԭ˺¸һʱ両ͽԲ˸ֱӡ

ɫŨеѳΡ
Ϊ־壬һ˫۾ɭֲֻһ۾ͽԴա

Բ֮ǽΪһ˲߽⣬ವһ档

̫ˣ̫ˡ
ԲʹԼţѾɤ۶ĳˡ

ѵûʲôܽİ취
ûС

ԲĿͣϡ

ʦéһƽİʦ񣬾˵ĳλǰΪӡķԥòžġ

Ĵָϸһһ涼ûв⡣

еԼ󷨵ʱ򣬾ƾȹġ

ڸղŵʵУԲȴʮֿ϶дԵ

ֲõʦʱéһƽֻ֧֧˵Լȡ
ţżʵΪéһƽûǮ·ĥӸġ

Բһ

淨ٷȻܴɰͷֽķʽ飬ġ

ھֻҪ֤һ¡

Բٴν̽ϵĻⷴӦԭͼƽԽ

һԤϵֳһ˿ƣ˸ѡ

Ĵż

νҲʵмѭһЩķӦˡ

˾ͺá

Ȼ󷨣ͨӡѧ

ҰѧѧƼڷɣ

ԲƶʼӵѰĿꡣ




2.   2    ˭·ˣ

ԲΧػأ˺߰˴ССʮʯͷ

һⶼܺʹżӦ

˵ЩʯͷǴʯ

ɫڣȵ޽ΧҲûܹżӦʯͷԲֻصߡ

Ҳ֪⼸ʮŹá

̾ϢһѾˡ

øϽ֣ʦʦɾˡ

ԲಽĴת

˺׵ֿٴδӺ׸ֳ

ξȻûߣȻȤʼƮ˹

Բ״æһѴȣǿл־

ܣ˾Ҫʦʦ̿򣬳ˣ

αɣ

Բǿ̿־壬еʯͷһְһֽӵűߡ

ֻѾƮüΪӽ

ΪԲûʲôвԵĶҲֻǱźڵ

ԲĸԼһֻ㡣

ֻģ

ģ˳ڼԼĵһͳˡ

Բ봹ͷҺӡ

ֻֻŨīһ㿿ԽԽ

ڣŵ׵ŨһŽԲĴʯϡ

ڣ

Բ˲ͽżӣݺݲ˵£

ͻȻĶȻŰ꣬ԭº͵˲ſһ˸ߵ͵ĺɫ

ɵҪڵ˵Բһ̵ʱŵȴһǿ̵飬ӶܿƵĴȥ

䣡

ѾӵʵʰҵرߣһƬˮ

һ뽫Բͷ˸顣

һԼѹ£ЩߵĴʯϡ

ֻýŵһ˲ӿܿƵĻ˹ȥ

ӣЧˡ

żܹշܹһ
Բİ취㹻Ĵʯ񵼵һڣ硱׽

ʱ˿̣Ȼ֪ѾΡԲȴҶһ¡

Ϊ뿴˹ڽȫ
Լһͺһڵˡ

ܵˡ
ʦʦ֪ǿ¸ҡĳɹˡ

*

Բ֪ǣʦʦ֡ʦʵΧɹ׽һĻ

ʱĿɿڴΧӰ㶡

ãȻéһƽŴ˴ͽܡ
ȥˣϽȥˡԲˮ˸͸õ÷纮ˡ

ɽƽηѵӦһק𶫷ɽ
Ϊ𾪣˺һ·

ԶԶԲվֻ߷һ
Բˣ̫ţˣţСʦã

ԲӲתӣŴԶĴʦֺʦ֣ͨ죬
ʦ֣˵ˡ

ӣ֤Լԡ
ӦòñɽĻ˰ɣӦò˻ԭװСʦ˰ɣ

ɽƽŵĳԲϣ֮ɫĵ
Բֻ֪֪ҵûץɹɽŰ˱£˲ðʦ˵һҪúó̸һأ߰ɣϽȥʰ

Բͨ۾գգͻȻᡣ

ţ
ʲôʦֵûץɹ
˵ɹɽ

ѲɡʵʦڵĿӣһɵ
ԭͲɽôƴ

ȵȣʦҪúó̸
̸ʲô

̸οѧշֻ
̸ʵѾǸСʦˣ

Բģһ˹ȥ

*

ԲʱѾǵڶ峿

ͷëУһҹʱ

ԶʦéһƽԴԴһĻɫ۾ңֻǱɸɾıһԣưΧһҹ

ʱ䣬ʦӦѾڳˡ
ʦֹóԷ

Բ˶

éһƽһ̧ͷ
Բ˰

ԲһɰͰ͵ЦЦ
ţˡʦҹ纮գָ鷳˰ɣ

ԼԾ
ӦûȻҲչԼһҹˡ

һ־ץһֻ갡⻻ĸŰ϶

Բԥţ尾ţéһƽһҩ

éһƽοݳֻ۰
Բҩˣȡںɽǰӡ

ԲշµģΪһֱ

ӹҩ룬ֻʦ˿̵۰ܡ

éһƽڵԼػһڸɵҩϽڡ
ʦʵ룬֮ǰ˵öԡҲŸɽŰ꣬ʲô鶼ûУɽһǡ

ȥֻûڣͼéһƽϸ۾𾪷ǳĶ
Բҩûôʹ



ΣϮԲͷһתתСʦõġ;
ʦⲻǼӦɽ㿴ҩˣΪܿ

éһƽ˸ղŵĲԾתȴ˽Բյġʱ֡

˲üɫ衣

Բʦûմ㰡뵱Ҽ飬ûûžֺãҲѧٶˡû뵽ȻôŰ꣬ܶԶԸ꣬˲ðʦ֣ʱȥѪɽʦһܴŹʣھ²μӹʱһˣǰ￴ǵţý֪֪éɽҲŵġ

Բ˵ɫԽӲ
һ䲻ɽվû˵

ʦѾ֮룬صһǰǲ̫ˡ
ʲô취ܱܿµ磬ɽϣ

*

Բòױéһƽųţ̸ɽá
ʦֶԷһ˹ܺ⣬ٺò

ŽȥȻϸϸƷ˳
ʦ֣

һ٣ŻıϢʱڣСʦ֡
Բˣɣ֪Ѿʹʦк͵ˡ

ԲĪ飬ⲻԼᡣ
лʦ֣ҾͲˡ

飬ҩʱȫһͶ䡣
ҪΪéһƽҲô׾ͷ뿪

Բɹһͷӣöеضˣתӿڡ
ʦ֣м¡

žષ롣
Բݵģ۾ģ˵ʱʮ
һĮƵҲ̲ס

ʲô£ʰɡ

Բ룬С
ʦ֣ܾɽû׼áҲͨҲҪȻҾ͡

ɽֻûڣԲͼɫüζĵ
Բˡ

Բһ
ʦ㿪ʲôЦû䰡û˵;ұˣӻܹܲˣ

ŵΪ׼ɽѧǫˣⲻǱʲô

ԲȻһǲ鴤
ˣǰĽԲµȷ
ԭʦҲһһֻɽ
Լ·вͨˡ

ʲô취

װƶéɽ˵²ߣֻҪֵһʱͻꡣ
װСˡ
װɵС

ѵֻʵɽȥ԰ٹҹ£

Ϳһӿѧ뼼
Բʱ÷ˡ

˹ĺ࣬ĩһЦ

Բ㻹ǲǵͬģŴ󿪣һ¡ͨ£ץһƴպֲȱ㡭

Բȫĸ࣬ûøĵл
ллʦѣһԡ




3.   3    ԿԱ컰⡭

³ߣŴ󿪣һص·ݣڵˡ

ΪҪʱ̣Բ˰û˯ҹʱ˳׽һԹŹɢĴ

Ȼɽ֮б޿ɱܣֻܼе׼

ʦֶͺȥó緹ͷԴµ߰ߵģͲݽˣЩۡ

Сʦãǰҹˣ

ԲûɶӦһ
ǰʦ֣˵Ŵ󿪣û˯Ϊ˵
Բ߰ߣţµľֻԼˡ

ƺ˿࣬
СʦãҾôһ˵㻹ȥץ˰ܻȪġʦ۲˺ܶҲûץһơ

Բһ飬˯ȫûˡ
Уô𣿡
ǵųԱȹŴ󿪣ԳƵתźˣ˳ץųͻ˲ʧ顭

ɴһ˫Բۣʶ
Сʦãòץ˰ɣ

Բæҡͷ˹һܾ
ʦ֣ôܵץ㣬ҺҿЦҴҹû˯ºˣһʦָ˵ˡ

ۣò̵ºࡣ
Էɣ㿴㣬ôҲ⣬ʣһͷˡ

ԲһƳװ

ץ¶Ǹܡ
ײĶ˵֡
ԣһκ˷֡

Բ̰ͷ֣ͣźͶʰϵҷ嶥ʯ̨ϡ

*

ʦɽƽһɫۣ˶ͦѾʯ̨վá

ŲͽԲҴææϹҡҡͷ
ӣ㺰Сʦùôô

Բ˼Ľӹͷ
ʦ֣ʦ֣ͦȥˣֻ֮ǰȥ˺ɽá

µĻ˵

Բķéɽ¶֪

ɽƽǴĿ̻ᡣ
ԭ㰢Բȥ緹ˣӦõġվãʦҪˡ

*

˸վʦéһƽʹӲԶŲ˹

պĻһɾۣȻ׵ͷңɷڲ࣬٣˼֮İ

ͽܴҹԹվţéһƽ⡣
ɽƽɽ֮ʦʦûϣŵǴ֪𣿡

İʦһչ˺ʦʦáɽƽؾ߬ȭ񣬿žͺܿɿ

éһƽͷֿͽܶ 
ִһڣͷûΣéһƽ̾һĳ

ӣɽ㼸λʦֺúѧѧΪ˴ҲĹ͵ǸƢʲôǵˣ´

ʦĴӽеĺɢһ⣬Щܻβʱﻹݵ⡣

ʦЩǷרңҪ𣿡

éһƽҡҡͷ֪һʱҲšӣɴ࿴СͽܣԲ

Բ

Բ˰ޣɹÿƲסĴŬŷƤ㽫éһƽװ

ʦ

éһƽɫף۵׷࣬ɿɫ£ǵӰӭһΣͲز𡭡̲ס̾һ


ɽƽͶ״׷ͬĿСʦá

Բ飬ɽͲߴΣЩȲ
ҪɽҪ˵˭᲻ãʦ

éһƽصߵԲǰ

ԲɽһҪ⣬ʦˣ֪ɣ

ɽƽ
񣺡
Բ

ʦһŬġ
Ŭħǰһӣٶˣ

*

éһƽ߻λʼǿɽҪԡ

Ĺ±ҪϾĶ࣬սʮ궼ҪһڽŹأвͻѹǡǸϻʱǧҪ¡

˶٣ΣҪ֪𣿡

ͽӦ

֪ˣʦ

éһƽͷܺãٱһéɽڵڹ档

ͽ뿪ڡ

ɱежȣУɡ

Ϊéߣ޳Ƶ£ߣ졣

Ȼ壬Ϊġ



ͽǱڹ涼ưéһƽڷġ

Ҫʱʱ̰̿ڹģˣ׼þɽȥɡ

ǡ

Բƿ굤ߣɽ֮ûзרԷˣмҪʱҩ

ԭɽͶԱܹͻŵĽԲһųصĲת˻

ллʦܵ

ǰٵȫǴ󷽵ĳ־ƿ굤

ǣܲ𰡡

éһƽȽԲҩƿӣֹһ䡣
Բɽ£ҪʦʦѾʦ֡ʦִкˣɽ£Ϣ֪𣿡

Բ۾ϲ̧ͷһ¶ԲԲľѡ
ʦģĿ¶Ϣ

éһƽͷ߶߶ͣ
ȻŹʱãҿɾָһ˸éɽˣ֮ǰǧܳ¶

Բ
ʦûҾˡ

˵߾ߣéһƽʣ¼仰ûͲˣéһƽ˵ʲôİ

*

éɽλڱéɽڵҷϣɽֱ鲼һļ羰ʮ

ʦ˵˵ЦЦһ·ɽɽŵʱպʱ֡

λʦȻûҪЪϢ˼Բӣ̾Ϣһ

ϳԵţʱֶˣҪŹΪ;ǡ

ŶԣʦμӾµĹء

˵ǳħ֣ڼֻûģûмġ

Բһ񺮣æ۵¡

ɽĵһվǺɽ

ɽֻṆ̀Ϊéһƽµ󣬷Բʮλ궼ᱻ̫ƽҪʱһλꡣ

Բʦɽȥ¸Ϲ͹Σһġְɽջһ

ɽʱڵ˺ɽ⡣

һյĴֶ̫⻨ݶɴģԲʦȴɫƽ޶ݡ

ɽƽͶ񿿵éɽɱͨĻ

Բȫ

վһԿŴʦɽƽƴİɫᦲ⣬޷䣬ŸŽ

ʦֶѾڵһƬյأ˸ȡѲ̿¡

ԲҪԾ·Χ㿪ڵ

ʦ֣ᦵӦƵİɣҼǵϴοʱõĻǺɽʯ

ķоҺͬķӽṹһϤĶôһġ

ɽƽںˮԾ̧ͷ
Сʦã治ɫͿԭİɫôģ

Բɽ¶ˮ벻תƻ⡣
ֻǾýոŵٶȿ˺ܶ࣬¡

òڣӦû˻ɣ
ôԵĴżӦѵʦ־û

ԲԼ˼

Դǰںɽȿϣͷһ¡ 

ǾǵҰŴ󲿷ַдԣĺûҲʹԵֱӵĹϵ

»ĻᦱᦴȶɵĴųԵҲΪƹŹصĴԴųӦΪ

ܹڵһʱԭ

ãɽƽûйС£ֻ˼ȥӶʦ˪ʦѩ
ϸéɽڽӵɽ´ϢʦǰɽæʱҲûˡ

ʦֳţ⵽Բߡ
Сʦã

Բջ˼㷭¶װ׼һչķ
ôˣʦ֣

ȻҲĶɨһۡ
ͻȻĴʦֵķǲΪԼҲ׼±ʱһ°Ҳҿ£

ԲӦҲǣӦҲǡ

ԥ죬ͳһСʯӶ
ʦ֣оЩкʯʱֻ̫ʮ㼸档

û뵽ó˶Թһ⡰ʯ·ߵʯͷһʱЩɡ

Сʦãʯܺ죿òô˰ɣ

ԲɰͰ͵Цʦ㲻žͻңһһء

ɽǰֻһڴĶովͲó
ǰĽԲ԰ڣڵĽԲ԰ڰ

ȴʯȫ
ǲУ۵㶫ɲףҵűá

Ϸ껹彭Բգգ۾

˶ýԲڵŲߡ
ʦϲźˡ




4.   4    Ӳôģ

ȴջֿµ¶ԽԲ˵ޱȼ尾Ϻɽưܻĳž;ú󱳷

뵽һҪʮֻ껯ɵţҲסɴȥɹ̫

ɹ̫Բʣϼʱ˵Ϳ¸һ㡭

ʱֵգɽȻشĵأΧĻȴ㷱ʢ
Բߵ·ߣһѹβͲ档

ŻžͷֶҲںͲһһ𶺲
ԴӹŴץƴ͸ɾһʱʱһ´ڸС

ԲɴԹȻȦ

չ£յľȻЩ͸ܿһ˿ɫ֣һɫεһܵɫǸš

ʶĶĴԲĽضüë

ɹ̫ɡ
ûˡ

*

Ƭ̹ɽƽ˳˪ͳѩһ

ʦ˪ʦѩһ˫ûۣһͨһƲ󷨣ʦ˵ѧδаܼ

񣬽Բòɹ̫Ҳиˡ

ЦеĸڶͷæɨλʦܹϢ

ߴɨ߻ڵĵʦ֣ɨ¶ͺãҲϢϢ
ϾһջͿˣš

Ӧһʰ˪ͳѩλãŻͷһۡ
СʦãɽԺϴĸ桭ǰ˵ץæúܣۻû˼ô͸뷨ˣ

ԲڨڨһЦĵǰ㲻ɻҲץڵֻҪץɶܸɡ

߼ûģֻԸˡ

*

ʰ˸ѵϣһֱȵͷ³ɽڰ

𣬸һӽŵ󱳣λʦʦԣԲҲ̲סȫ顣

˸硣
磡
ҪòҪð˰ɣ
ȵȣǲǾͿԷˣ

ԲҪʦʦͬ飬һ̧ͷŷλʦʦ㾹Ȼûһſڡ

һűŻٵŨɫµƯš
ĹŨ˼֡

𣬻ۡ
ԭջʱˡ

ԲԼĴڸУ۾ҲŲԴ
ʦʦڣڰȫúܣ²¡

λʦʦѾȡ˸Է̯ģ׼ſڡ

ʦɽƽɫĹᦣſڲĴһҲ²١
˿̱ʹţ޷縡ֱֱſڣɫ˳˿˿Ƶĵܿͺһ

ʦ˪ʦѩõһ͸ͨӯķӡ˪ǸɽɣѩѩɽӡΡ
һһӡ˿Ҳɽƽһĵɢŵ⡣

ʦֶõһɫףͬ²

Բгͬҵ˲ҲԼ 

ʦʦǶѾʼջ꣬ҪʲôҲǿɾ̫ˮˡ
װţ
ԲͻȻʼٲסˡ

۴ֵĳſڿȥ

ֻԭѾӴţλʦʦĹ齽£ȻԽŨ
գ۵Ĺ򣬾ͽɽſ˸

ʦüͷȡһᦣ߶һڡ
Щ⸽սӰ죬ĻǱǰ귭ҹö໨Щˡ

Է׷׵ͷԼע

Բ߬ŵĲУзź

ʦǣ
ʦǣͰ
ɱŹ˰лСʦֿ

һ飬ĴҲڲͣԾš
Բ̲סġ
ȴҲٴһ顣


ʱͱˡ
Ҫ

ԲʶҲɨһۣǽĶ˲ڵ

죬һʲôʱֵģ

֪ʲôʱǽγһɫš

ſڵΪ˿ٽ

ǽߵһȴΪע⵽Ѿյĸо
էһȥĺɫһ𣬶Щֲš

Բ߶¿ڡ
󣬴ʦ֣һš

ɽƽ㵵ŤͷҲ𾪵

ʱɫ˾ȻǽԾ˵ڣ
ƫƫԲΪѰҰȫһֱ棬ŷ档

Բ˶Ҫըˡ

ǿ˭г˭ô
㵽ǽˣôܱ

һԾ𣬼㳯Ķ˹ȥ
ʦ־ң죡

Сʦû̽׵ת׼ÿš
ȴһȥŹոɶ

껹㣬ȻԲ׷˹ȥ

ˣˣʦСģ
ﻹſڵķţϾæѡ

ͨҲл飬ȴΪڶָƽȣҲڣֻеʽͣԭء

ŨɫȴԲꡣ
ܹС飬Ϊֻһ֮ңմѪ鷳ɾʹˣ

Բŵĳʶ֪˿ͣ¾ǵó˰׼ڿ񱼡

Ҳ֪˭һ䡣
Сʦã׷㲻ţ󣡡

ﻹип񶨻꣬һžͲˣ

Բмĳ˵һۣһתԸٶȳǽǳ˹ȥ

䣡űɹУݺײϷһ졣

žԲƲĺݺײǽϣҲһ졣

ͷĿѣĸоǻһԱߵĴײȴһ

ˡ

ԲµմҵѣŤͷʦʦǷ˼ĵĿ⣬˲佩ֱ
ˣոռŵĵһʱ䲻ǾܵʦʦǸòỳ˰ɣ

ʦɽƽü
Сʦã벻ƽܲؼʱҲô죬ҹĿ࿴

ʦ˪Цĳգգ۾
Сʦã²ٶ졣

ʦѩҲĳЦ

ԲڨڨһЦǫ鹧ĵ
ʦʦ㣬ĶĶ

˭ͷܵúܿɣ
ֻ޲ܷɵȥ
ɵĻ

˵ԲҲԸһ˴ţĥĥȥܵ˶ʦ˪Աš
ովǶʦ£Ķˣɰˡ

ʦ㣬лҰոձ׷ţҶˡ
Բ۾֪Լʱ򹥻жǿ

˪лĸıķ
Сʦÿˣոô÷׷ܣһ£϶Ͳ׷ˡ

Բګګͷû֨
ҲҪаû˵ֻܡ

ŨɫƬ̾͵ȥɫ˺ſһɫ

ɽƽԷֳһǰһĿʼջꡣ
Բôʦʦǣ˽

£Ͳһ¡
һϤƵʾͳ˻Ρ


ǰɣ
һҲˣеڶΣ

ԲֱǰһˣһͬŨڵž֮Ĵͷһײ˵ϣ

ɽƽڷĶԸţһµĴԾ뾪
СʦСģ
Сʦõģ

ԲӵͲ׼ˡ

߬ǽ˫ȣŭһ
Ӳôģ




5.   5    ǰϦ

ԲΪԱʱһ£ʵʱ⡣

ŶҪɾܳߣӻɹʱһµĵӸʵʲô

ƫƫΪĵӡĽԲУʵʧܵΣ

һ˲䣬ԲֻǱĿоֻһð˳ӵ

ʿɱ裬ʵ鲻ʧܣ

Ӳ£ʵһҪǼǿųͬģʽԭͻĵǿٶγµķš

¸֣ҲΪ췴Ӧȳ֡

ͬԣԸµţֻҪǿԭǹŵǶԼǿǾͻڿԼʱΪӻ⿪ʼڶֱʤٺԼϡ

Բ˲ҵ˽취ԽӣƳһҪţת㿪̾ͳԶȥ

øղܵĲ̫Զ㹻
һһָ߽ҧƣŻҺɫٴ׷ʱպýѪָͷڣ˱ŵǹţ

ѪɻתڣԲָͷ˹ȥ
ԲȴָͷѸٶ½һΣ

ˣ
ԭҪ߳ѹΪȱ˲仯һû

ڵǹҲͬһʱ䷢ԼɣƮ˳

ƮͶ˴һ׷š

ŵĿ궼ǽԲȴڿ˴˵˲ͱתעԷ˹ȥ

ԲƲ߳ɹתͷڣ˻ȥ

ˣ



ԲԸԳĽԼؽ˰׹ȽȽڡ

Χ۵λʦʦ㿴Ķסˡ

ӸղŽԲʱ˾ͼΪˮֻŻȴûϵһ֡

ǵǿԲһ׶ˮͣٵڲʱŤˡ

ʱ˿̣ѾȷԼ㹻ȫĽԲλʦʦ㡭
ż֡
ʦʦ㣬ջˣﰲȫ

ɽƽ
˪ѩ
񣺡

ǵȻڡ
Żڳѵʱ

ɽƽ˺ҧһӭȥ
Сʦãţʣµͺã

˪ѩż󣬽ڡ

һ¿ſż޵ţƬ̺ҲŵС

ĸ˸Էֹܿ콫ȶ



ԲλʦʦηӭѶϣգգۣգգۡ

վ顣

ҲֻŻ뵽Ͷȡɵİ취
ʦʦ㿪ס˾档

*

ɽƽĸסžͺͽԲк
Բæóλãص⡣

ʦʦѾٴ¿ʼջ꣬ԲҲڳѲһԡ
ʦʦ㣬Ҳæɡ

˪һЦ
Сʦã㺦µĻɴԶЩһű廯ˣǿɳܲˣ

Բ
ʦ㣬ֲǹҪŵġ
ǹġ
ʦʦϾΪһˡŽ⡣

*

ԭԤһʱܽջжʱæʱѾҹ

ԲһԻ˯ˡ
ӹǱҪŰһҹչҪŲߵöˡ

ɽƽĸһŻ˯׷׺Χȥ

СʦþȻȡ
ҲǵһɽƽЦĺˬʡ
ôţת۾˯ô㣬СʦԽԽɰˡ˪ҲЦ
ѩҲĿŽԲòСĴǵʦʦ㣬ûзְԲƽе㡭ֵֹģ

ɽƽЦݡ
ȷֵֹģҲֻǽա

Ҳ°ͻ䣬ʦ㶼оˣһΪҵĴ

˪һֹ˸ۡ
СʦòǹؼʱеСӦԵͦðϹˣǰţ¡

˪һ˵ɽƽҲûɶˣʰϢ

ѵĽԲڰҹ˫ۣһ¡
ԭʦʦ𣬵ñֵø󵨡һЩˡ
ǸôֲԵõĴЩ

еʱýԲҵ
ԣһԤĴ
úúôܸЩʲôˡ

*

ΪһϽĿԱԲ˵
ڶһ͸ѧʶΪԨʦѩߡ

ʦ㣬𣿺ˮ𣿶ɹɹ
Ҫǰ⣬ð̬ȣܵǽԲְѧġ֮

ϰһ˴ŵĳѩȴչ˵Ļþ
Сʦãҿ治ϰߡ

ǰۺʺĿɶǽԲˡ
Ҫչ˵СʦͻȻչˣ˵ѩϰߣɽƽҲоֵֹġ

ԲīɴʳԼ⡣
ʦ㣬ҼǵͨҪٵҪʮ깦ⶼûéɽɽؽ磬ôҹô׾ɿ컯Ű

ѩԲͷСʦãһΪ㵽Ҳ벻ɵءʵҺʹʦּҹӦòɺϡ

ɺϣ
ԲͷһѵΪ

ǵҲǡѩҡͷӦ˵֡ʦӦúսڶ¶εô컯飬ʵҲ˴սӰ졣

ˡ
ԲȻ
ŻĻ꣬ͨĻǰܹʹࡢֻ߱ԩͻ

սʮڣڹŴѾǼĲҰ
Ҳѹֽô໯Ĺ֡

ʦ㣬飬ʹ飬ʲô𰡣
Բʵؼ⡣

ѩ̾һ
ֹر飬ߵа;ȻΨһ³ҲûתͶ̥飬ѾԳΪ̥ΪҲֻһ֮ңǻԵõԻγˣʽʼ

Բ𺳣ػؾ͵ż֡

Եõγˡ

ӹŹץƴȻһš̥

ǡʦ㣬ʲôԵõ

ѩ룬ҲЩ׼𰸡
ǧνԵеҩҲ˵׼ļ˻ĴҲʡ

ף

ԲƳ

ǸܵĹעλת˺üȦʮֻӡ

ԲʱŲĿ⣬ȴֹ

ҪɶԵܻγ˰
ҩ˵һ˵ҿ㣡
޶ֻһ㻯ǲرܵˣ
ȵȡΣ๹϶˲һɣҲҪʺɣǿоо

ȻͽԲһһ͵Ĳʺȴ۳̲ٶ

*

Բʦ뿪˺ɽһ·һ䣬ʯĴ塣

ʯĴ汳شѨһͨȪĵؽ硣

Ҫеһθϻʽ




6.   6    ѧȷ򿪷

Ҫеһϻ꣬ԲΪ㹦Σʽһ¹ӡϴˢСʦõɡ

ɵȵʯĴ⣬ʦȴͶһڴ⣬Ҫ

ץ

һ¶ѵ涼˰ڣȻ
Сʦãɽǰʦһûü°ɣ

򣿡ԲûҲûصļ䡣

ںԼλãָԲѡ̺ѵ棬͡
éɽλң֪ΪʲôϻéɽҪô

֪ϻһҪҲһѵõᡣʦ˵μӸϻʽԶģܹӿٶȡ

ͷ
Сʦõĵ伮ĺʵкܶؼĵطϲδϸͣҪڲڿഫġ

ԲֱĻԼҪæ˶䡣


ٹҹʱȪڸﵽǰδеƽ⡣ʱڸԶģл
ܹųʣɽٵħĺô
ʦڴΪұܿϹʱķңȡһθϹʱܽ򡣡

Բηѣʮ־ϲ
Сʦãת²иѵᣬиʦٺò

ʦ֣ҪʲôĿھ̫ˣʦ̵תˡ

˫ȭգһֿ̿
ھû䣬ķʽȷ仯ãҴһ죬һΧʼӣͰת

ԲֱҪˡ
пھǰ죬æá

棬˫ԡ

һԴȵӶӶӽԲ롣
Բֻö۵˲䣬һͬ𣬳ḽȥ

һǰһ߹ԡԨоߺӵѨλγһת·ߡ
ͺֽڽλŤתһٰʮ໥ӣӶγһûжϵԲ

ԲǸԲоޱ죬Բε˲䣬ﴦͲܿƵľӿȫ˽Բѭ

ֻԼ˲˶ůѣĲ˯ȥ

Сʦã񣡲ܷתҪȥơ
ʱ֡

ԲѸٻŷһɵʱȻܵԽԽ죬γɵѭǰϿ

һæʼƣõʼУѭȶ

״˿Ųơ
Сʦã治ŵһξܾ׼Ŀסѭٶȣҵʦ߰˴βҶԽ࣡

ԲۣмĿŶҪǴ˿Ҫˡ
죬ֱղܵʲôʲô죬ʲô
ʦ֣лл㡣

л죬һҲڲȥнԼѲϡ
ⲻʲôֻʦתһ¶ѡСʦרɡ

ʦ֣һһ²̫ףҪôжѾһҽ״̬ԺûвͻȻͣǿˣ

һЦСʦáʦ˵һǾͻȴң꾳ΣȵŻᱻͳ⡣

ԲӦһȴ롣
˵ڵתķʽǽԿףôֻҪ뾳뾳ʱҪôοʼνмѭġ

㵽ʱ꾳ͳֻҪ˱ҪӦҲԽȥڶΰɣ

޵֮һ£ҲһԼоԺˡ

*

ԲͶʼ֮ɽƽĸҲִʯĴ|Ѩڣʼ߶Ȫꡣ

˺ɽ⣬˵ִδ׿ʼڸż˻Ȫڡ

ȪһȻ˲ͳǧλ꿪ʼĴӿм˲ٴꡣ
ϧǶµʱѹûҰҡ

ɽƽͬʱһʼϻ顣
úɽһǰˣûǰ󣬾ƾǸƲסôλꡣ

˪ҲͬͷǰθϻҲ̫ˡʦ˵սʮڡ˵ʯĴִ䣬Ҳͼٵλ꣬һھǧλ꣬ҿͷӿǵȵ˶ǡ

˻ӣɫ

СһȪ˶⡣

ĸϻʽ̫ƽˡ

*

ʯĴȪڱ򿪵ʱԶʬɽϵһѪҺѪҲȻӿٶȣʼٻԲǧڵꡣ
һʱѪٶδȴûꡣ

һȫ۰淺Ӵ߳tһۡ
ȻסҪꡭ

һͻһɺ̳ȥʯĴڣ

*

һߣͽԲѾԽ˴

ʦִţԲͷһθо˵ڵҲڽЩ۶һһԵʵء

éɽԻΪ磬ʵ̶ȵһܽᡣ

ھԻڻĽ׶Ρ
ھ۳ţȹڵĽ׶Ρ
ŻҲǵ˻굤ڡ
ϵĻӤڡҲ

ľǻڣʦֶ˻ڵĴԲ磬һͿԵڡ
ʦʦѾڡ
ʦָΪΪһǧڣ굤Ҳֻһš

ҲΪʲôʦéһƽôԸɽϻˡ

ᰵֻǸתʱĶΪ͵ȵĴڡ

Բһã˼ԼĴ߷ĿŴתٶȣЩͷŷĶ

ֲǰһ׶ʲôӦûУЩǸôת·߲ܴﵽЧ

ŤͷƳʦֶ

ڤϢȻͷ
᲻Ѿν
Ժ⸱ص𣿿ʦƽʱҲû

ԲеʱͻȻһ˲
ԲŵȻһ٣ѭϵɾʱͣµѭͻȻʼߣھת䴦ʱһĽǶתһٰʮȣγβӵѭȦ

Բ񶼳ڣʼ˼

ոʦִһ죬˵ѭҪ˿Լ䶯ѵף

һˣ

ȵȣֻô࣬һѭĻҪٶȺ͸ô࣬Ҫ֤ѭȶôǶ٣

һʽವľʹӽԲﻮһĵĴ𰸾ð˳
ֱʱԲΪһԱƲ͹Զ




7.   7    СʦҲ̫ˡ

׼ĽֳܹάѭСλڵһʱסٶȣ

ˣ

ѭγɵһ˲䣬ԲֻԼʶͻȻһƬ󺣣˽ȥ

뺣㣬Σȴ޷Ѻ

ԭʦ˵򡭡

Բ׷񣬿ʼʶе󺣽Լ꾳С



һʱܵΧ춯ۣȻͿԲΪһǽȦлա
ԲҲΪתʼܿƵķӨ⡣

СʦþȻĽ

ȹͷɳһž֪ͨλʦʦ㣬˦һΧٴοʼϸ

˺һվǾ͵͵ֹһ䡣
Сʦÿ̬

һɽһθϻ꣬ǰǰѧתȻͽˡ

ʦ˵Խ磬ԽԽࡣ
éɽ£ľǴʦɽƽ
ɾʦ֣ҲʱɽϻʱѰ

Сʦ⡭ԽԽķڣ򵥵Ҳȥˣɴ׵Բ濴ڰж

*

Сʦáˣ
ʯĴһߣɽƽյϢҲסˡ
ɽƽΪ𾪣
Ϊ츳󷨡Ϊһһ㡣

éһƽմմϲĿ˵޵ͷһɽƽ츳֪޿ġ
˵ɽƽھͿʼ򣬷۽Ȼ޵ڵţ

СʦáڻھͶˡ
ǵһɽǵһθϻꡭ

ɽƽֻԼ֮ڴ˿̺Ȼ

ʲôˣСʦҲ̫ˡ

*

ɽƽȹ󣬾ǿϲ

Сʦ츳ǸţҲéɽڹδ

˽»˵СʦõСֶʲô¶ģһʾ͸ͻɽˡ

ɽһȴǾԼˡ

СʦòøţϻôһμºĹ

ǰʸμŴȣһ˳éɽ˵ʱٴվŴȵİ佱̨ˣ

*

֪ԼίΡĽԲ꾳ĴﳩΡ

ӾͦģǸ˶ͲסһֱΡ

ںƯʱкüζҪߣվ飬ʱӦþʦ˵ĻԵ

ʶһһΣԲǱʶ֪׳ȥʼʶĵ࣬Ӿٶȡ

ɶϱӵ־

ԲһЪһʱʱʻɹİΣ

ʶĳҲʼ仯һ޼ʵĺʼͷס

Բһλɹٵʱ򣬽ŵһ򣬾Ȼȵʵء

ŵվԼȻεͷϰˡ

*

Сʦûû𣿡
Ȫɽƽһ͸һžѯϢ
ȻһѵĻһûС
ȰɫžɳȥʮԺھû˼ֱӻ˸ɴϢ

ˣʾûѣˣҵһʱǣ

ʱԽãδ֮·ħԽ١

֮ԺΪԽߡ

ɽƽѾ츳ȻҲֶһʱ

ⶼѾȥʱˣСʦûûѣ
ҿɫԽԽԽԽ󣬱ȳʮŲ굤ɫãһ¾֪ǽѾеĥ

ûӰʯУǵýСʦ⸱¼éɽеĺˡ

ô˵ˣ͸ǣéɽĽԲʱµľ
Բ˭
ΪСʦã

صʵϧɡ
ûӰʯô붼ǰϹרĸСʦûɡ

ͼԶʼһȥ
ǺǷķʲôӤڵϹ·治ǻȪڵλô

ͷһ˿ԤС

*

ɽƽȶһ˺֡
ҲΪλӤڵǰ·ʯĴ壬û뵽ǺɹʯĴͣһ䡱һը

ӤϹ֣Ȼҵģ

ƣڵûָ̿ʼĴһΡ
вٴӻȪƮ꣬û˿̾ͳСȥΧ˲ҳһš

ɽƽӺ󣬵һʱסֹֻ꣬ǳȥҡ
û뵽ճ֣еĺͶ⣬һɽƽһǾ׼ҵ˻Ȫϣ

ѾûʲôðĻȪΪһң˲ͱ˸ӣ
ǧʹӻȪĳɢ˳

˴ʦ֣Ƕ򣡡
ɽƽѩ۲ϸ΢תʱЩһ۾ʹź˿æһ䡣
Ȼ䣬³ǧͷ׷׳׺ӣʼ

ǧλɾͶ꣡

ǧܹ꣬ϰֻˣǺεȿµĳ

ɽƽز²⣬Ҳ̲ס

֪λǰڸУҵȸϻʱǰéɽɽƽЯλʦøǣǰ˴ҪҵȼƽϡЩ곹˵Ҫˡ

ɽƽĻȻźͣ˼ջַ

漴һ˻Ƶɺк
һ˭ʬɽԲǧϻ꣬ԭɽŶ᲻éɽڰãһߺˡ

˻һ䣬оͷɳһŨīĳᦣǹᦼͳգ۵ĹǴɷݴСɽƽȥ

ãᦣʬɽĹޣ
ɽƽһ䣬ֻüԼͱУһ˿Ѫ

ɽƽѾڣΪߣɾǻӤʿҲһ굤ڵĴ󾳽磡
յľƵѾ޷ƣ뱣סʦʦǣֻһѡ

ɽƽ̽Ķ˦˪λʦãӺöϽ뿪ţ

˵һھѪеɫϣԭҪס˵ʱƵú˿

кȻЦһ
ݺ

ӿΡ
ǴǰʬɽʱתѪĺʿ

Ǳ߳˪ӵҶת㶵ĳѩɳȥ
СʦúͶǱߣôһߣ
ȻҲ֪մʦֵ³ãҪģǸһš

˪ͳѩһһ߸ɿķž

оչһȴֻı

Ҳʦһӣʦûû

ͷչ˪ͳѩʹǰ
һأ̾ͷ˱ֻеĽԲʱɫҰס


Сʦû

ղŻ˲ѵˣʱȴתͷֻĻ罭Բˣܺùڴ˵رɱ

ô죿ػǡߣѵ˵һ֣ȴһԭء
ѾõĴ𰸡

˪ͳѩӺתͷԶʼӵܵĺ
ɽƽų⻹ںһһ

ˡСʦǻߵĶȥ
˪һĨߵѪʼɿĴӶͶ
׼һ£󣡡

ãµ뷨ҲʼӶͶ

ѩѾۣȻﶯͣȴƵƵɽƽڵķһǿɬ

Բʱ˿̣ŸոʶİϷ˴Ŀꡣ




8.   8    һֱ

ԭʶľͷͷһ桭ɽ

ԲżռҰıɽǽЩһѡ

ãһԭö˶˵ıɽȻָ䴥ĵطʼѿ

ǡ

ǰŻɼ˵ıɽΪһ˲ʹһѩѺۡ

ԲΪԼˣȴһ͸оƬİʶԼһ˿ԼԼϵ



éһƽΪͽʱϸͻ塣

Ȼͨɻȴʺéɽڹľ塣
ʱ˻ˣϺȣƾéɽڵĹҲһ޵ڡ

ǰѹıǽԼĸо
ѵ
ԼĻ״̬
ƬѩһѺۣԼĻˣ

ԲٴСȥ

ɽûг춯µĴȴһ˲һ̨ͨ״̬
ֻԼĿ˼£ڡնİ׺񡢶ǰƲ

þ֣Լص˳éɽڡ̨ǰĳ

éһƽֳַĶ˵
޵ģԿ꣬أΪʼա

䣡

ԲֻͻȻΪ仰ʼתĳһλٴηתµһȦѭ

ˣֻô࣬άȦѭѾǼޣһȦҪ
ԲǸ𣬾ͷڷӿڣǿнµѭ

˲񣬴Կʼת
ҪֵȦѭҪô࣡

ˣ
㣬Ȧѭɹ

û뵽ȦʱŤתһȦ˵Ļ
Ȼǵ廷

ԲѴת٣׼ĿÿһȦѭĴɣڵھŻֺ󣬾ŸѭƳһԲתٶ

Ϊ׼ǡһֱɹˣ
ԲϲۣŷԼվʶͷ

һαɽ¸ղǹɷ׵ٶȣȴͻȻֵ
һԽԽ

ԲԲ
ǸİСȴýԲ쳣Уһϸɫ

˵
ˣ

*

Բ߶˪ѩºΧµ

Ϊƣµ󶥶ܸڵʶ֪ڻӤϹУͺ͹Ҽһڲʵûʲô

ɲʲô־òġ

˰ְ󣬻˸ǶΧ˽ԲĹ⡣

ԲӿѾ˼ٽ׵Ľ׶Ρ
ʱƮڰУĵ۲ͣɣһӰֻƤͷӡ˳

ֻСʦˣ𣿡˪̾ĿŽԲοҲбˡ

ʱȻЦó
ĺڷڷƮ˿ĺۼ
ʲô޵֤޷СʦԺ϶ܰǱġ

ѩѾٳɽƽǱ߿ˡ
󣬺ھû˹ӰǱѾ˽
¶ҵЦݣʦ㣬綯ְɡ

˪һۣڽ̷ŵ˽Բ¡

װʦǵΨһһɵֻӤʿķ󷨣򲻵ѣܶá
Сʦûδõѡ

ˡһ󣬷𣬽Բʧ

һߣվһȻ

䣡
ֻһ£ڳ󷨾˲仯Ρ

˵ʬɽϵĹаҲͬһ㣬Ӥʿ뻯ҲԶˣ

󷨶˲ƿȳڳҪǺʿע⡣

ɲһ׷к󱳣ƾջ䣡

ֻԼҶ㲻ܿƵķȴʯ䵽أ
һھѪܿƵӿ˲ɥʧ֪

ѩͳ˪Ѿյֱɢȥ
Ƕ˵ĴͶһҪӤʿע⣬סԲ

ʦѩþɽƽڵ汼ȥ
ԶԶƼһѪ۵ɽƽſڵ֪õٴβܿƵӿ
ʦ֡

ӤʿûиܵøԶһԾͶݵ˳ѩϿգٴλһ
ѩ⵱ͷУԵڵأ˲ίٲ

ʦ˪Ϊ˸Բʱ䣬ֱȼĶϱȥȼܵĶԶ
Ҳ˼ϢĹ򣬾ͱӤʿ׷ϣͬⶾ֣

һˣĸ˶ʿɽգ۵Ĺ

ԴȤΧתתֻصɽƽǰ
벻һڣȻó߳ɷ
ʿɽƽӡ

ɽƽ֫Ա飬˿̱ǿŤڵأһ߾ĵ˵ϣֻһ˫۾ϰţ͸ɭȻǵĺ⣡

ôۿͬűɱǲǺܾԣȥ䱾Ͳ˶㻯ܰһвݺڽ£
ʿԽ˵ԽʼЦϺɢ¶Ű̺۾ס

ɽƽһ³֡
Ѫ

Ǻʿһ־̿Ȼŭ߳һƺݺɽƽ

ɽƽֿһȥ˲䱻ɳȥһţײٶ

ʿŲֹأأĻ˻ӡ
ǻǰ֣ϧˡԭֻ

ٶȿΧ

ŮȻΪͣƽƽι껹С
ǸСӵܴջ꣬ϧҲֻʣ°

뵽ղŵĶ˼һ»ص˽Բڵλá

ԥãųջӳһƣ

ˡ
ѩµķʱЧԳΡ

ʿҲڿ˱ڷڵĽԲ

Բ׹ƣδ

һĻúʿĹЦ̺۵һЦԽª
ԭ⼸ûܣΪ㣿Ȼֻһڣ

ʿһٴλƳȴһȥȻδֺܺ

ɫȥ
⼸󱲣ȻøԪӤڵĻ󡣡

ٻһƳȥȻƵ󷨣ĻӡҲ̻ᱻƻĻӤʿ֪

ڻֽӤڣ鷳

Ҳգһʦʦػңħ
ʿٶȿЦԽɭֲ

ٻضᦣͷѾǧͷ
Щ꣬Ѫתݣָտɴ

ŤͷΧſѪӰɴӳһ洿ɫĻᦽԲʮﾡ£ںڡ

ôõļѪӣιٺòҲʡٵˡ

µĺɭȻԼٶȸȾŻȪƮꡣ

ܿ죬յĻĵٴƮ˼Ѿ

һЩɫŨڵһͳ˺ҧȥ
ɢһһŨֻഫȾתۼѪɷɱڲɱϢ涼ʼɭڳ

*

Բʱһָͷ

ǸͯʹߵԽԽ
ƫƫһľ磬޷ɿ壬ڴԲ̲ס߳һ

ˣټҲҪ뿪а

֪˶ջ뿪ɽֻ˶Ĺҵ뿪ʶİ취

ѵõһΪĴûᣬûˡ

Բ۾




9.   9    ݺ̸

ԲۣĿĺͷ˺ҧһ꣡

ա

ھ㤣˲̱۾Լһ̫죬ħ

һ۾

߾ͷһȫ۵ӰſڲԶһ

ǡþɣ

ô꣬ʦʦӦȫӦŶԡ

Ϊʲôʦſڵһ

ղŲǻںһŵ

ԲЩңȷӦʱѾܵǸſŵǰ

£Ἣ¶

ûʧǻþ
ʦ֣
Բһѽ

֪ڵ϶ˣѪۣͷճģöûһԲ§˲ӵ
ʦ֣ѣѧķӣԽˣ

ȿȡݻμͻȻȳȻѹˡ


Բʱ֪üա

񻺻ۣԲö˶˵ģɫҲʮֺ󣬾ȻЦ
Сʦãû£̫ˡȿȿȣ

һ˵ʹȣѪܿƵıһȳŵýԲԽû⡣
ʦ֣ҵȻû£µŶԡ⵽ô£ôʦʦأ

ȣȿȿȣʬɽĻӤʿǸϻֵң˵ȣңϽȥʦ㣬ʦ㣬Сʦ֡

ԲæԱʯϣԼȡ׳ų֣תȥΧѰλʦʦ㡣

ӳûôµĳԲΪԼͻÿΧʱĵ׾йȻȥ

ܵʦʦǶûҵѾǸڵʿˣȫԱ

Բźº
ͨͷһɫ֣£С

Χ״Ծÿλãٿ

Բһɽҵ˶ʦ˪
ΪʦѾˣû뵽ʦҡ

һ˵档
ֻ첲۶ϣһֵ̯ڶԡ
ԶǱϵѪһѪ޷ʲôʹŻ

ԲԽңƫƫһֳŻһ§Ŷʦ㣬ڲһһǰͽۡ

ôᣬôֻһ 
ֻʱʦ־ˣʦҲ˫ܲС

ΧȻ˸̴Ҫ
Բæһ־ʦ㱳͵ʦߡ

Ȼҵͬ˵ʦѩ͡ʦֵʬ塣

Բ֪Լôʦֵʬ屳ȥġ

˵֫һڽ飬ǱҲ̤̤Ĵţľż

հȧǰݣ滹űյĺۼϻéɽڵĵۣԲǸһ˿ͷҪϸϸĴʦ֡

ʦˣˡƽ

*

һϻʽûɣֻʣԲһܶ

λʦι˲굤Ĺ˴ʦɽƽʬԱߣҪʰһ£̧֣ȴ֪ôĶʼ

ԵڲͣʶҲ֪ڿޣ̾һ
ԲˣʦʵʣѾǡ
˵ȴ˵ȥס˴ԼҲܿƵӿᡣ

ԲҲ̲סޡ
ʦ֣ûʲôİ취𣿴ʦ־ûˣҪôʦ

ȻִһѪȣҪػͼԱŵĳѩ۾
ʦ㣡ˣ

ѩֻ޷̧Ŭض˶͡
У죬

Բˡ
ʦ㣬˵а취ȴʦ֣ʲô취

ѩΪղǾ仰׺Ĺ⣬Ъ˺һ̵³ĸ֡
壬޹

һ㶡

ԲҲסˡ 
ʦ㣬˼ôʦתɡޣ

ѩѵͷʾ⽭ԲԶĻȪڡ

ţѡĻȪ䡣

⴦ȪѾǻӤʿһֻ

ټΧѪɷɱҪ뿪λǿ

Ҳ˵

ʦֵĻǻ

޵˵ڣɽƽĻûȪͲ㳹

Ȼھ᰽һֱΪݣҲ׼֮ͽһ޵ĺûǹġ

Բͨ
ʦ㣬ҸôҵʦֵĻǣô壿̽ңҺܴģһģ

ŬΧ꣬ȴԾλʦʦ㶼ɵĿԼ¸ҵͦš

ʵġ
ʱǰѧתǰŵڣֱǸתǿпսҪŵСס
ʦʦǶˣֻܿʲôҲ㹻ţԼΪʦʦ

ԲԽᶨ񣬿ѩ

ѩѾĬã˼ԥ
Լ۴϶΢ɲĵ˵ͷ
ãСʦãԡ

Žӹͷ
СʦãʦŲ̫ãҲᣬ㡣

գԸԼָѰ壬ɼʱǰۼʶԲ츳;ԼԴЩˡ

СʦõԣԲ޲ɡ
ܻԤڵĺúܶࡣ

СʦãѴʦֵķ׼ãٻ嵽򡣡

ȻܺƾżԲ̱ȷλɫȥ

ѩͶ״۴
СʦõΪЩɹȴʵҲೢԼΣܳɹ

ٷֱȡʦ־ѪһΡһ췢һƣһλϡϡλ

Բû·ͷףֵѪʱԥĻͷ۶
϶ͷź³ʦֵǻݺһ

ѪҲȡˡ

ǰںúվҡλֹࡢ诡ᡢȨ⡢мҪƺѭܹɻ

Բͷ
İɣʦ֡
¶ѲԱҪȻҲһξ˳죬ˡ

Բģȫ뵤УȻ̽һλ

飬һλãΧͲܿƵı˹ȥ

ԲɣæһĶõķֳ赼ӿ

Ҫλºʵѭ̫࣬Ҳ̫٣ɵһλʱȴ͵һȫͬ
ʱҪҪķѴ

ҵɣʡȻûһλȺĹˡ
Բʼ㡣

ǹ£ĵͼе޼ôʵмѰġǲǰ

ƶ̽һȨλ롣
ֻһ£Χʱ˹ȶµȴպúǰλһࡣ

һ˿ɫڴ˳诡ᡣ

ڼæѡ
СʦãҪͣٻҪβõЧ

ԲͷҷĴ𻰡

̽λʱּ˶֮һ룬ӿȴȻӴ
Բһ֪Լ󣬼һ˿ɫ߷ٶޣæж

ڶˡ

ȶӣ˿ҵٶ³λӹ

ԭĵʽ΢򵥲Ĺʽ

Բƶٳʱûԥ

λҪ屶ҡλֻҪһ˿

ڽԲһ˿ע뵽Լվҡλʱɫڴλβҡ⣬γһβӵѭ

λڴʦֵļſʼգΧһ

ٻɣ

*

͸ѪɷɱڲɱϢһڽĺꡣ

ֻԱΧҪǿվãûҿɡ

һĻ壬ڵ߲ɨʱֻһԲڳٻƮ˹ȥ

ˣ

ԶԶƼһֻƮͳѩ֪ǴʦֵĻǣ˴˶ӣжǾϲ

ԭΪСʦûԼβܳ£û뵽ŵһͳˣˣޱ˳˴ʦֵĻǣ

ʦϵأӦûû꣬ü
̲סۺᣬֻƮٻ̽׼õ̳Բӹȥ

СʦãѴʦֵĻǽӵ壡

ãԲӦһתͽס˷˳ǰһף
ʱպɽƽĻǽ¡

ˣ


ɽƽ걻ڶе׹ͣ̿ʼ䵭ûһ¶ǰģ

һϮۣüĿº͡
ǵĴʦ֡

Բ˲ۿ

ɾʱȪڵķλͻȻ¡׹ա
̲ס
ˣȪѣˣ




10.   10    㵷ң

ȪѣҪǻӤʿ֮ǰѪɷɱ˷ԲıŰϢˡ

Բڼάٻ󣬼񾪻ʧ룬ʦѩҲҰףԤС
ʦ֣ˡô

УɽƽѾԽԽ٣ֻʣһ˫۾ͨ졣
ѾҪϣֻҪٰɹǰ

ȴǾĻص
ֻ֣¡

޲ȪѺλꡣ

ɽƽѾǰ꣬Ǹ޷ܾ

*

ԲԶȪķλһ׹⳯ȻɢΧһԽ˷
λΪ참˵ȣٱܿ

λҪջ˼
öٽͣԲҲжˡ

ʦһ٣Ȼ뿪ΪʦһоͶ׷ˣ

һ˲䣬Բзɿӡ󷨣ȴûһܺµľԵϵġ
ԱߵĶʦֶʦѩҲɫԾ졣

ʱԲһ
ԲԲúʯ

԰
̫ˣ
Բһ̴Ӷȡ߿ŻɫСʯӡ

ȳ
СʦãҪúʯ
ֹߴʦֵĻ
ɾĺʯٴҲֲԻǵȻޣһﶼ޷赲ġ

ҪȰֹͼԲѾ߿Сʯӳ˷׳

Ѹʯͷճȥ֮Ͼ׼ô߿ʯϣ

߿źʯƺҷ˷ɵͳѩЩʯµķλʱ׷̲ס۾

ࡢ诡ᡢȨ⡢ҡ⣡
СʦþȻʯԶҵµλϣ

Ȼ˺ɽУԲ߼źʯ
ʦ֣װΪһһţǧܵʯӶˡҪ󲻺ã绹ҡ

ΪǽԲһϷԣû뵽߿ʯĲ

СʦҪ

*

߿źʯء
䣡䣡
¡죬ʯը

Ļҩ˲Ʒ˴ƬأըĳΪﻹ˲ֱ֮ӽըΧڵλ꾡Σ

ȪļΧдͻֻֻܱ֮˿㵽Զ

ԲվڱըȦģʵϽŵȫǺ

Χ˲һյĳ񲻸ŵૡ
Сʦãķеţ
Ϊʯȡġ

ԲһЦǫúܣͣðɡ
Ҳûϵѧըҩô󰡡
滹һ󷨣ȻǼҲһƷɡ

¿ɲǸϲʱ
Բ̽µ߸λһ㣡
־׼Ѹ٣಻٣ֻգ۵Ĺ򣬾⽫ӳߣڳһΪ

Ҳ̲סĳű۶𣬾
󣡡

ԲȻʦͨİڳ
Ϊʱһѭ

ջ꣬յ꣬ʱ֮ӣջ꣬ȻҪ
Լɡ

ֻܵԶɢȥ
ȷʱѷӣ

ͳѩӣоŷµϣ
û뵽ԲȻܳŵŵˣã

Բ֪λʦʦܵ˶Ĵ̼Զİ׹ӿйڷɹæͷ򶫷
ʦ֣ʱжϣңʦֵôֻҪ죬һԾȻشʦֵģ

Ѻ̻æ
徻꣬ģʶȥѴʦֵ־

Բһ
ʶʶĶֻ֪Ķ

ѿæ
񽻲λΪʶ֮Сʦã죡Ų˶õģ

Բˡ
ԭʶ֮ʱǸλã˵֮ǰεƬýʶӦʶ

ûʱ˼̫࣬־ĵλãʶ֮ʦֵ̽˹ȥ
ֵ˲䣬Զɰ׹Ĺ䵽⡣

Ǹһۣװյĸ߸лŸ˶̡
ϵֱֱָָɽƽķλҵ˸ղűըԭҲ̽ꡣ

߸ȷɽƽݣ̳м˵
λޣ죬Υ̷ſ󷨣ҵȴ뿪

ԲѾʶɽƽ壬ʲô

ȵĽֱӷһ䡣
Ҳ֪죿ոôλ껯壬ôûƽھʣǼ˺ţ۹ƽˣ

ѩҲЩҲ
ҵԻһѾֺηٸһأ

˳ѩһۣûġ
̵ֻתʼҪͽԲһɽƽ꣡

*

ʶ̽ɽƽڵĽԲѾ챻Լʶĳˡ

벻ʦôһˣ֮ľȻ

ĺͺӣñʶƽͣžκˡ
⻹㣬ʱʱͻðһЩȹǻĲӰСŸǣıéɽںɽҰ޶ˡ

ԲСԽԽˣԼеĿǻɽƽ־ɴཫʶٶȼӵ£ʶͷ˱ɽӡڵɽƽ

ʦ֣ѣʦ֣
Բ˼±ɽ

ɽڵɽƽ˿ûжݣҲûзӦ

룬ͷ
ʦ֣ʦǽéɽڴ£˵ֻλھͽ˵һررţأ
ɽɽƽŤŤӡ

ã

Բٽ
ʦ֣éɽֳˣСʦ֪Żھʱıĸʱأ

ɽڵɽƽ˫۲ľˡ
ɫζסԲ⸽֡
㣡

ԲֻԼļԽԽ¯ࡣ
Ӧ
ǣҰʦ֡ôҸˣҪ˶þܰſˣҲһȣұֵ֤ʱһ㡣

⻰һɽƽ̴ӱɽԲ˹
Բӭһ׼û뵽иɽ

ɽƽ嵽ɽǰȻɽϵ˻ȥ

Բ:
ɽƽ

ôһײ꣬ɽϱײѺۣԲ֪ˣԽӴȴ̼
ʦ֣ͣб

ɽƽ־Ͳ壬ŭֳΣӲıɽڶⱻԼײӡ

ɾʱһ֮Զ

ԭŭɽƽ˫˲ãʼܣֲԼúȥδӡ

Բһóơ
ʦ֣ش۵ծˣʦǸϽʰȥһܣ㻹ŸɶϽ߰

⻰һɽƽȻδɣ˲ʹӱɽײŽԲ˰˹ȥ

*

ĶͳѩֻɽƽĻԽԽȹ̣ԽԽԽԽüһԹ⳹ʱںͽԲͬʱۡ

ʹʦֶӵĽԲ
ղɽƽ

Բȿ˿ڡ
ʦ֣ղŶðԲסˡ

ɽƽЩ㶡
СʦãôҲѵҲ

־ѣ̴һ
꣬ٹȪ

ɽƽһδػԲͿϡ
ʦ֣ģҷ˾ţ֮ŰĻǾȻôغϽ£Ҳȥ䣡

⻰ĳ˲СʦĽԡ
ɽƽЦ⣬ŤͷһֲԶʦܶʦóѩӯӯĿԼ

Ƕû
ڵԼ

һһվûа
ֵð

ɽƽ̾һδ£ʼйĵһ

ϾéɽţɽƽֻƬ̣ͷת롣

޵һˣ

*

Բֱʱų׷ͷʯ
Եεˣ굤󲿷ֶιʦʦǣһûóԡ
Σ֪ݣ̳һԣȥ

ǰ˼Ŷ˸ָ
㵷ң
ʲô˶ʤ죡




11.   11    СʦãӤڵ󷨣


һޣٷꡣ
߸ʧܣɽƽ˹ޣװס赹ĽԲãվʲôûת뿪

ְأ˵Ͳ棬Ȼǹķǳ˳ۡ

*

Բʱʦֶڵϰʦ˪ͷ
ʦ㲻ͣذѽţƫƫӶˣֻܸɺ
ӣ㰡ۣ
ʦ㣬Ѿˣ˭㲻úûͷһˣ
⣬ôƽϣΪ˭һ𣿡
ʦѩЦǺǵһԿ֡
ʦְﲻʲôæֻǸһ

һĻԲָжһ 
ʦ֣ʦ㣬ʦ㣬ʦ֣

ĸ볯

Բ˯˸˵ģ۾գգȫҸ

ҪǽԲǶҪϡ
ΧһһжȻͨϢԲ֪ʦʦʬɽĻӤʿѪϹ֡

ѪϹֲʦʦǣǰѪɷɱҪü˵ĵ

ô뵽ƻؼɽƽᱻԲ󷨡ɡȻء
¼ƻʧˣѪɷɱڡ
취󣬲ȻѪϹٴǹܲˡ

*

ڸô죿
ʦʦԲֿСʦã·ĽѵڵŴʦָӡ

ɽƽƮڰգҪػ
һ׹أǸ߸Ȼֻˡ


Բһʱ˵
磬лԼײᶯ
ʱ򲻱һǿɾ̫ˡ

߸һװʮֳϧûܿü
ǿ̲ʣŽԲҾ
λޣղŶᣬҴѰ鷳ġ

Բֻ֣ڣ
ҲɫĵѰ鷳Ϊ£
ܲͱİɣ

ͷһǸ߸͵
ղŵеķں֪ɻУ

Բתת
û

߸βɴͳһɫӡ

һ֣ԲͲеâӱͶ
ŤͷһǴʦ֡
ʦֶˣǸöԲ̻˻ͷ
ķҵȷЩôˣ
ûҲֳȰѹƭɱ

߸ż
ȪѣҵΣʱδ㷨»ƽͻȪ֪ǷԸ齻

Բʶͷ۴ʦ֡
ɽƽͷҲʹͷӶͳһʯӶݹȥ
Ȼԡ

Ǹ߸ȴûӣСĴǵ
ҵȶǻӴɷްæﵽס͹ȥ

֪к󻰡
Բɨ۸꣬Щ⣬ǿŻ۾һת
æԣһŻ顭е㲻Ⱑ

ԲƳԼ߸˲ڣβѹסŭ⣬ͳһš
Ƿֻܸţûˡ

Ͱë޶ˣԲװ̾Ϣȴһǿסߵ
ǿˣ·

*

һһ굽˻Ȫ

߸ڲ࣬ΧվȦһöɫӡȪѿڴ

ԲϤϢס͵͵
Ҳ𼤶ƾ˵ĵУõԵγˣǹԹԸǰ;

ήˡ
Բ㡣

߸ͣ£ָŽ°߼ĺɫ
Ǵ˴ͷѵҵ󣬽󷨣мҪȡ

ŲѣԲͷ
Уְɡ

߸ԲӦ⣬Щġ
ѣ˳ܸ飬ǧܳģ

Բһۡ
ΪҺһڹؼʱƻ

߸һͣڲ˵ַ
ɫɰλ߶¶ϾһɫУܿ콫Ȫѿڡ

߸ҪԲʾ⣬ͼѾȡźʯֵʯϣʼƳڡ

׼ȶȻǰ˵ȫһ¡
Ǹ󷨸֡
߸ȣ׷ġ

ȪⱩŰϵ󷨵£ڻ
վһ״һɫҺ建˻ȪѿΧ

̣
ɫҺһѿڴͻһڶȥʱȥֻ̣һĽѾѵĻȪ

һ˿ѷҲĹ̿Ϻ󣬰˸֡
߸УŻ齻ڽԲС
츳׿Ȼ

ԭҲҵԲ¶ӣó磬Ļһ
ǰϵҲĬ

߸
պлᡭ

Բպãһڽضϡ
ϣպټˡ
˵¸Ӱķɿ졣

ǣ

*

ʦ֣õˡ
Բصͬ,̵ȡҫ

ɽƽϸװЦȫ⡣
Բܲ

Բӵݸ
ʦ֣ˡ
Ȼǻ飬ȻԻкôø˭Ҳö롣

ֻһžͺãʣµպá
ɽƽûпΪޣǻȣܲһֱƮ棬ͻһꡣ

ûͷˣ񡢳˪ͳѩʶŻĽԲ

Բԭʾô죬˵ˡеĲеλͬŶԼֻӡ
ʦʦ㣬ǵ취ҵѪɷɱȥ

ͷ
Сʦô

ԲҾãһȦ

ͻ󷨵ԭѾһ˿˿
󷨣ӲѪϹָ˷ĵĽڴ˴ȻǾûܷ
ɴ˿ɼѪɷɱӦһ㼫Ϊ

ȻԸⲿ̽飬ȴֻܽȦڹ̶Χ
ֻҪתһȦ漰˶ķΧݷ㷨˵ҵڡ

ͳ˪ѩ֪Բеķʸֻ˵⣬Ҳûиõİ취ѪɷıԵת
ת˼Ȧ˪ͳѩЩʣ¶ŽԲһת

ԲһضͣһȻڿϿ£̲ס档
СʦãǻӤʿµ󷨣㡭а취

ԲʶͻصȻԽ߼ҪԽ࣬ƻֻҪҵͿԣʦ֣һʦ̹ǵģ㶼ˣ

ӦЦһȴֹ
ʦǽˣʦҲ˵ӤµҪ㹻ƿСʦѧһͷһͷ
˵ôס

ԲͻȻͣ¡
ҵˣ

ַӱűӵһʱΧȥ
Ķأ

ԲͣһڵʯԱߣָԱߵһŲ۵ʯͷ
ʦ֣Ӧþʯͷ

񿴹ȥš
СʦãҪ˵ڵʯһţʯͷŸ񰡡

ɵĻճͿԲӶȡһ鲻۵ʯͷ
Ǻʯ

һԱȣЩˡ

Բǵһִʮ
ȡʯЩҳˡ

һԿͣ£æһ䡣
СʦãŰѪϹ˵ʲôʱͻˣϽ󣡡

ԲΪѣȻְѺʯˡ
ʦֱ֣ܾը̫ԾҪȻһС͵ѪɷԻֱ߳ȥɣҲֲߵ׷ʱͰȫ

ѪɷԻѪɷɱͬͬԴʣȫԴﵽԻ뿪Ч
ԲԽ˵Խöԣһ˫۾ȫҿ϶Ĺâ

ȴֻԼ·ʲô֮ԡ
Сʦ˵ʲô
һѪɷԻ
Ӥڰµ󷨣Ѿ򵥵øʿһܰڳˣ
ţ




12.   12    ֻҪ㹻࣬ܡ

˵ɾ͸ɵĽԲ̴Ӷȡʯ̿ʼŪ
ķʯպùڸѪɷԻΨʼӲ

ʶɨʦ˪Ĳֲܿ˼Ųߣ²Լ
ԲȻФʦķ֣

ԼʵʺϵһԥԥĿڡ
ʦ㡭ķѪϹָ𣿡

˪Щ֣ûǱ̨ʣѩŬʾ׹
СʦãǿɽãûϵģѾܵˡ

Բϲӹ״ڵ
ʦ㣬ҾͲģԺѧһɽõģ

˪ȻһЦ첻档
éɽصľŷֻͱïһɾߣѧɲ򵥡
СʦţҲԸ
˪Ҳ֪պ󱻴ģԼ

ڣѪɷԻֻԲɶˣ
񼸸õһԣĶסСʦá
ȻģĿʼϺλЩ㱡

񣺡ҼǵéɽڵʱСʦϲ󷨿ھˡ
˪Ҳܿͻᣬ϶Ҳ
ѩ˵

*

Բղſķλģڷš
ʱԥ죬̽һʯ

ѪɷɷΪɷλ˳Ӧ
ټԻ󣬻ѡһλע÷
λñҪѪɷɱλһųЧ

ѪϹֵƢԣѡĸλأ
Բһͷ˵ϵСʯӡ
˼ıۣԼͷβһλá

*

Χλʦʦ㣬ֻԲ÷һۣ˲ͱһѪ֮ڣ

Ѫɷˣ

һѪɷĺ˸˲ʧˣ

˵ԻȻҲˣ

ٶȻ㱡

ԲͻȻ
ʦʦ쿴ҳɹˣѪɷԻҲû˵ôһܴһأ

񣺡
˪
ѩ

˶Լ˵أԼĵ
֪ǸѪϹֲʲôöȻҰѻλֱӷλҪܰͺˣһⷴɣ

һ˵꽭ԲԼסˣȻ뵽ʲôͻȻ۾ϲ
ʦʦ㣬뵽취ˣõȴھǱһΣ


СʦڶĻԽԽöûġ
ãԲ˵ʲôһš
ϾΣһαһۡ

*

ʰþͽѪɷԻڣԲά̣ʦʦߵѪɷɱ۸
ʦʦԵȣҲһ¾뿪ˡ

˿ŽԲŵĺʯȫǸԱߣֻô˿̵СʦñӰޱǿ
ھ͸ӤϹڿӣ᰽Ҳû˸˰ɣ
⻹˵СʦõС
ӴĶװ˺ô
˻ӣû˵ﻰ

ǶСʦ˵ʵһ־ըġ

*

Բ˳߰պ
Ѫɷɱڵźʯһð˳

źʯһ⣬ͿʼžðϢųɻһţ
ȺѪɷɱ󶼿ʼҡҡ׹Ĳ

ʬɽڣӵףѪϹֲᦵ춯̻ʯĴ˹ȥ
򷢲Ҳ߰ʱ䣬Ȼ껹ЩӣӦɲˡ

ѵΪɱ̫Żᵼȣ
䵽ʯĴѪϹ־ͽڵĶʬյС

ȿȪѾ޸µȻԼ뿪ɵģ־ͻһ⣬ƵȪ

մ򵽻ȪϣǳڴȻһ̹⣬ɵĹڡ

ѪϹֺɫɴƮȪϷ˳ɹٴһƻ

䣡
ȪڱٴλУһ

ǳڴȴδ𻵣ѪϹֵкԻȪڷٷһŨص̹⣬˲ѪϹֵұۣ

̹ⴥһɫĻ棬˳ѪϹֱֵ۷


ѪϹʹʧɫ˼ֽұϿ
ɫ˲ͽϿұճһŻҽ


ϱ֮ʹѪϹٴο׹Ϊ𻵻Ȫĳͷ

ĵķŭ޴йֻԴ
һʱ֮ؾǿݡ

ιѪϹֲڻָЩ־̽˺ɫʬڡͷмɵ꣬˿
ֻԼЩˣȻͷٸµİɡ

£ʬģʼȡڵ
ɽҲ֪ô£һ궯޷ȻΪұ˿£Ȼָ˵

ȴƲᷴأڵһոУ̲סͷѪȥ

ԲµļźʯԭǴѪϹʱ򱻷һΡ

û뵽ѪϹûֱӽ󷨾𣬶ֱµˣѪɷɱڵϢ

֮˱ηʯڵӵıŰԵһվŰվ

һˣѪϹֺܳһʱ䶼԰׷˻Ӥڡ

*

Բʦʦ㼸뿪ʯĴ󣬾һ·򱱣·

·ǻ֮·ʮ־ȡ
ʦ֣ǲʯĴϻʧܣֶ˳ǲǸûȥһٳ

ɽƽӻð
ػڣֱȥ򡣡

ǡ
ԲĻʦϡ

СʦãŲֱȥûǮûҩģǻȥҲǸʦҡ
˵ʦϴȥʬɽʦʦѾˣöġ
ǵڹ϶ٻȥǸã

ܰûǮֻȥ˵ô¶ηҲֻжʦ˪ˡ

Բڨڨͷ
ǵġ

ȻǺ¹ǽԲԼѾôųϻˡ
ҵһޣʵһҲкܶ˼Ķо

* 

éɽɽԱһ

Ȼش߹أսĺĵشΪһԲĻȪھפŵڵӵܷԼսҲĺܺá

Զŵǽ⻹һ㷲Ļ󣬽Բ̾
éɽڶûлɽȻУ˲ð

һЦ
Сʦãûô˲áéɽûлɽΪ
лֻǸΪ˱ԼҵӰȫڴ˽ˡ

Բ˲ɥ
ô𣿡
˼ҵţΪ˵˳һӶϻ
éɽڣ˶һȥҩԣֻԼ

ļ򣬰ο
Բ£ҾǺܿܰƶˣ

ԣҲá
ʦ˪ҲڵĶŽԲ̸

ʦ͵͵һЦ³ǵС˼
Ǵ㿿Բ츳ڶǮأһ

*

һڿš

ȷɳһž֪ͨʦ˾ʦڹųˡ
˭֪žɳȥԭشתȻ˻

ɽƽӻƮʾ⼸ͣ¡
̫Ծܳˡ֮ǰڶ򻸷ڰڹ̯ףȥǶ

˽ӣŹս֣һ۾Ϳ˽Ψһһڳɢ̯

̯ǰûˡ

ˣԱŵӻǱ˴۶ϣҪĴڰգһдӭչ˵ķ̡
ףɣͨ٣ʮƽ飬éɽ

ʦֺʦ֣ˡ




13.   13 (׽)   ԿԱġ

Ͷͬţû벻̯ң˶ûˡ
ĸЩ

ֲðǰûϢǸʱѾ¶ˡ
ɽƽټĴ˽

ԲȡһŲ굤ĬĬȥͷҲǿɬ
ΪܳԶٱûţλʦֻ¶ˣ
Ϊʲô˴СʦãǷԽرһץԶٱôѡ

˪ѩأѰŴϢСʦãʹȥ̽ܲʵϢ
ԲίӦ˲¡

*

˳ŻߵͷŷִӸղŵڣϳéɽڵɢֻ̯нβһҲݻš
¿磬ȴͶûУСڹ̨

ͽԲһۣǰų̀ݳΪ֮ͭһ
ң¶ 

С̼ۣǮߡ
͹ʣС֪޲ԣ

ָԼұ˵̯λ
֪̯ô£

Сһŷǰλ͹һź£һɫۣ߽ǶŲĵƣĿ˿ΧŸȥС
͹٣λҲǵްɣǧѧéɽڵڴ˰̯ףͷҵĺأ

ôҷ

С˵
ǰ⸡ɽͻһֻ٣ŵ˺ЩǰΧˣû벻ûץ˺Щȥ
ԭúõڴ˰̯ȴڰǰͻȻ˵ǼȣΪޡ
ʢ͸ȥץˣڶûҲ֪˳ǡ
Сһ̾Ϣ

ԲͶɫ䡣

ʦéһƽҪٹԸʦֺʦֲɽ꣬ˮƽչ
Ǳ˰ɣ

ʵ
ҿ֪ŵںδ

ӦöڳǱشøסţҩýҲܼʱΡǰȥǱ£ޱ̧ȥβǽһϣ̫ˡ

*

ԲͶûмȥתȥλʦϣȻһ˳Ǳ֣ͨ֡

ͨΪϱ֣Ȼֿ٣ߵĴС̣ͷ

ȴΪ£еĵ̶յţֻһ־֪Ǳŵĵ̻ŴţͷҲӰ

Ψһ⡣

Ǿλڽеһ¥ߵ̡
Ρ룬䣬ʯ̶ɣ̽֡
شá

شҲŴš
ͷȴŲӰϡڸ߸ߵ͵͵ĺš

ҩʦҪö
Ѿûˣһ
Ҫһƿ굤
ҪһƿѪ裡

Բ굤۾𣬺ְܿȥ
Բ굤ҲǮУµҵʦʦ֣ٿ

شҽʦҩʦȫ|˻
˽ž͸ɢϢ

СԲռ
Ǽ彣ɫ۵ģڣǱ߻۵ڣǱߺڰײΰģš

ڿԷġڿԷġƾ޵ġԲռе˽һһӦ

ֽȫһɫ۵ĵޣ
ʦ֣ĸŵģǵĵۺ񰡣
ƣÿ

һ
Ǿéڣq(s^t)rһͽҽܡ


ԲȻ

éڰǰҲéɽڡ
³éкéһƽв˼ķ磬ִһʡ

éһƽΪÿɵϹԣ޵֮˻뷲̫ãö֮ͻմȾ೾޵״档

éȴã޵֮УȿԷԴܶӴ֮
éɽڴ󲿷ӵֱӻڶïڡ
Ӵ˴⣬׬

ʱܼ

ïǮû׵ĵȴéһƽϣû١
¶ͭϢʱ֮ԽԽŨء
ȻʮһεĹδζμӣȴδڹϽǰҲûùμŴȵʸ
ԳïڣҲûоŵʽϡ

éɽأ

Դӱïڴ˴ӣéɽھͱԪ
ԽԽٲ˵ŽҲ͸֧Ƿһƨծ

ֻʣéһƽ߸ͽڡ֧š
ɽõļλʦҲǻǮġ

ȻûûǮéɽڣҲïһûнǰ
éɽڰǰǽüεģſڱéɽڱïڣǿһЩ

*

γõ£ԲٿïʿʱʹЩɫ

ֲɫ۵ʿͷͶģԭǳڽɽԺֻ塭

аԼָָ㣬ԲֱӾͻصһۡ
q(s^t)rһͽ

û뵽һۣïڵľȻԼ˹
Բݹ꣬Ͷʵ׳˲˵ĳΧɨһȦ

λʦʦĴ˿ֻ̾ԭأȻʦֻڻǰ֡

Ϊ׵İ޴ĸͬţվ˽Բ档
ǽ´һ飬ϸߵ·ȷʵéɽڵĵƣЦһ

ιСʿ㴩éɽڵۣòéɽյĵӰɣéɽھȻǮµӣòǱӽȥٱûԹɣ

һļգһȻЦ
éɽڶʼСˣǼʳ
ǣٹ꣬Ҳ˱ӣéɽھ͸ó׾ˡ

Խ˵Խ֣罭Բŭ
ʶͽҪʰһ£վԾͱպһ
شڽ˽

Բֻ˲ͷĿѣعͼïЦԽɶ

쿴ǵһνشãض
Ǯҩۣ
ǰͬŻЩϧҲһʿðͷԾʧڣæͣ¡

ɽԲѾˡ
ˣתĶ񡢳˪ѩҲˡ

뽫Բ˲˽ŵա

˾ڹţ
ֱӾͶסǸʿ

ʦ˪Ƣźȵ
ֲʱŵĶû֪λʦܵ䣬ԭµĺ֣ʵ˴ĶˣȻǳ˻شۣᣡ

˪ʦԼֻ첲űвȴҲµġ
ⲻ֪ӣéɽڼ˵档

Ϊ׵İʿһ⡣
ȥѵ֪ïѾ¥ϰ䣬ʱ䶼ᡰסڻشҪȥҲȥq(s^t)r

ӣһͭҪ
ԲҲս֡

ǲö֣֡ܶ

һ䣬ٿһŰڶ
شڲԣ

һĻѣԲԹȥźòײŻ

иҲôԴ

Բ޷޲ƽ
ʦ֣شô£ïܼң˾ԣ

͵͵
Сʦãֲǲ֪Ǻͻش۵Ĺϵһ̡

ԲéɽΪҩǷŻشһʾծͱںϡ
شǻش۵ķã֦ͬȻծ

ۺĸǺֻҪڻشĸͶֲ˺á

ʦ˻Ӻ󣬽Բߵ˻ش⡣

ʵǱﲻסˣһģ۸Ҳˣ˵֣

ǰɣˣ

Ϲŵ޼ʶһ£ʲôԱķŭ

ԲȡԼǰ档
ڷڵĴųģĤŷſɤź

ï޵ޣӺͬԴλڡڡŵĵѶһˣʲô޳ܣʲô޵£ʲôʡƤһï

ҪʲôľӡԲһֱ֣Ӿǳ

ϸ󣬱ȸղǸʿҪ쳹飡

ڻشڵ˷׷׹ע
ԭմŵĽַھӣƿ˴߿

Բֺ˼飬ˬˡ




14.   14 (׽)   򣬡

ïԭΪռֻ꣬Ҫشãéɽڵ˾ֻܸɿû취

û뵽µĽԲ

÷֧ĳһĺï޵ޡ
һֵ˶ˣ¥ϵŵҲʼʡ

ï޵עȥʲô棿

ï˻Ӻ󣬷׷¶ɱ⡣

Ϊ׵İʿ׺飬˻شôš
ΪѵڣߣȽԲڻһ硣
éɽ̫浱ïû𣿡

Сʦĺڣѩʶվ˳ȥ
ȻأҲڣܶųų滹ǿԵġ

Բ̽Լġ֧ڳѩߡ
ʦ㣬˵

ѩһۣš
ïڿλʦܣô̫˵װλʦôˣ

ʦ󣬵ʱҲˡ

׺ڳ׺ɫ
֪޵䣿аҴһӮҾ͸㣡

׺̴ֵָͷָ˽Բ

ԼǸڣȴڵĽԲӼ
ƫƫԼ֪ܡȡ˷

һöɫ̡

ԭСʦôֲ˺õĳѩʱͷһɣ򽭰Բ

Բ۷һ˲˲Ķöɫ̡
ЩصĶȤǰ˸ɫ̣ȻܷŹ
Ҳ֪ʲôо
ͨķֻһ󷨣ɫһͺܸ߼Ҫõ￴

Բֳ֪ѩʦԼ
գգ۾ʦ㣬ġҪϣ

ǰ׺Ǹڰأ
е㡭ˡ

׺ʱ죬Ҫ繷ʱš
ҴһжͣéɽҲ

ֻû˵꣬ͼԲٴξˡ
λ쿴ïҪԴСˣѪλ֤ïھɱ֣ʦ֣۸С֮»ɱڣ

װ׵ڿˡ
һïڰѽԲ¶˵ɾʵˡ
ɲ׺Żûš

һЦ
㲻;Ϊһ۸аһֻ첲ܲ˵ïԴС˰ɣ

Բ㣬̵ֵָ
˵㻰Ǿһֺֻˡ

׺֣˳ƿһѣû뵽ԲˣֻܺŲϡ

ֻ֣Ҳֲ˺ã

Բڰںƣ׺Ҳ̲ȥ־ʹ߶ɫ̵⳯ȥ

ңԲŷ仹ڿһӰ

ԲڿнµķλЩ죬ϳʦ̹Ľ㷨Ϣ

ϢСĽ
һɣתܵǣƣǻʲô

׺Ҳ̫СԼ˰ɣȻûڶϢԸ

Բ̤һÿģѸǰһָžžžͷȥʮ׹⣡

׹ڰв䣬ཻǽ׺ųϢԭ
㣡

׺鵱Ȼ֪³Ȼһ˺Լˡ

ԲԼһţЩ⡣
Ҫʤ׷ͼ׺ɫɫǰĴ߳ϡ

ǽɫȻһͳߣ׹ذסе·

Բʱһš

Щɢ˳ֶӣ󷨣Ҳ㣡
鼱֮£ֻܽͷųֽԼУ

䣡䣡䣡
أƴһʯĻǽһжģӰӡ

׺һȥԲôҲѪˣɵٿȥȴֶһˡ

Բˣ

ʶԱΧ۵ĳѩˣΪǳ־ˣû뵽ѩҲһȡ

ʱ׺ɭȻðһ
ӣըģǾͱˣ

ԲȻȥΣȻϢܵԼ棡
ʼնûз

׺ĵþҪ뿪ȴϽͻ⽫ס˲䶯ã
ԲȻԼ°ڳϢ

һΣϮ׺ֻüֽҪסͱںȻıըû

䣡䣡䣡

Բû飬ֱӸ͡źʯ

Ʈɢ󣬰׺鳹ʡ

ڵλö¸߼ӡ

Բ̽ͷ˿׺öûӿվ¶Ŀѩʦ㡣
͡Ӯˣ
ʦ㣬Ҳ̫˰ɣ

ղ鼱֮¶öѪɷԻء
ҪƿϢ󣬾ӳһ飬ôҲҪըһΡ
û׺Ϣûѣֱӱըˣ

ѩоըζֵĽԲ૵
Сʦá򡣡̫ܴˡ

*

ԲӮ˰׺飬̽öɫ̷ൽ˸񫡣
̾ȻֻǸ˶ͨƷʱʧ

ԭƽĲһǺöҲĳֻܱܱаĶ𰡡

׺黹ڿʣԲɴཫƴѡ
ֲᣬȨղŻشڱҵίˡ

׺黹ں¡У۾ͼԲŴʱɫһײιȥ

Բݺݻ˻Ρ
ΰ˵Ӯ͸ʦʦֵ𣿿˵

׺
ڣڳǶжķң󡭡

ʿķң󣿡
Ȼһ

ڸʿĵ̾ôҡ
Ҫ˵شŵĴڣң˶ߵĴڡ

˻شۣǮûڡ
ңǮûˣҲûˡ

Բĸٲҵ飬æǶĶķң

*

ĸߺ󣬰׺ͱïڵʿ̧شڡֻһҩѡ

䱻ըˣҲøףԴľֻʣһ˫۾

ҾԣҷŹǣ
׺ݺݵ

ĸʿǻ
ԣʦ֣ܷŹǣ
éɽ̫ڮ˵ʦ㣬ԲǺù
ǡǼܱ𣿡
ʱۿ׺գ۾ͱըΣĸ̤ͬشõĵӶûˡ

α׽Ϊߵľڵİ׺顣
Բɴܣĸҷˡ

ɥһеİ׺һۡ

ԱʿҲһ¡
ģˣʦֵľ˾˾ңǺαԶ֣

׺أ
ǼȻ֪ʿķȻµ˾˺ҵĹϵлͱǣĸˡ

*

ش¥Ÿ󷽲ŸԹƴ

һֻס˸µޣ˿ϿаֽЦ
éɽڣԲڰꣿ˼˼

ǰڶɢŴССİֽ;ڡ
βֹһ䡣
Сͦ˼ġ

һ䷿վˡ
һ׺ʿһСʮĹи³üĿװĸˡ

׺ʿ
éɽʲôʱ˸ţûСŲʱõѪɷԻɣɿˣ

Ůװĸˣ˵ͷ
ȷѪɷԻ̻һԵģӦſӡġھ̻ܿӤʿõѪɷԻ󣬵ȷšСѿٲŬҪˡ

СѿĹԲõľ͡
ףô簡Ҳʮ꣬ȻݣҲʮˣʮʱ϶׷ҡ

滰˲䶺ߺ͸ˣЦ

ò׺ʿ
ˣǵöע˴ιĵһ͵ڶѾڶΪ˲òѰһö첹ˣ




15.   15 (׽)   ˲Ǯ̡

Բʦʦĸոϵ֣Ϳʿ˴ң˳
֪

˲ֻȥ飬Ǳҵӣһͬʱֽĵ

ĺһѣһı˿ӽȥǷծҲͰˣҪǺʿһΪʱ޶࣬ô찡
ʦѩ䵣ġ

µҲûа취ȽȥϢ˵
ɽƽҲһ˿

˵ſڣȴס
վסңһöƷʯǶȥýö

Բɵˡ
öƷʯ

˵ʯˣʣ࣬ӽ˶Ĵѯʦֺʦֵ䣬ձǮû˵

֪ղžͲöαɵĽɫˣ˵ֵܵǮ

ҶﻹöʯãԼȥ̽̽Ϣ
ɽƽˡ

ԥ˲ʶ򽭰Բ
ʦ֣ҪȻҴСʦһȥɣ

֪ΪʲôֻҪͽԲһ;ʲô¶ʮ˳ڤڤойɰȫС

ԲͻȻһˡ
ʦ֣ϢͲҽȥ˷öʯ˰ɣһչʦǡ

ң¥úʯɣŸһ
Ҹղű̧Ҳ̫ˣ㶼ΣյĵطմϹϵ

û뵽ɽƽ˼ǹ󣬾ȻӦˡ
ҲãСʦһȥɡҪǮ㶮á

ͷ

Բ۾
ʲô

˪һСռ
ʦֽǰǶķ֣ǻ㣬Ϣ׬Ǯ͸Ͻ
˵ջԲ˼۾

Բʱ۷Ź⣬˹
ʦ֣ԭ㻹ջ

һ졣
Щ£Ҳա߰ɡ

*

ңʿ̣ս׬Ķʯƴ֡

ԲΪԼᱻֽװϹۡ

ûϵװ޵͵ݻ۵ֻйڴǿ̽Ҷ

ҶĸɷĴ֣һ۾ܿװ޸롣

ǷծǮ
Բĸ֣صʵ

ķȻǶķٵ͵ݻҲǸ˲Ǯ̽ޡ

˵˹̨Ψʣµһʯһ롣
ߵʱ򻹱̨Ļƶá

ԲʦֺͷĻȫڣΣԽԽ
ʦ֣ңô棬ƶڣ

ǻڣҲڣֱѣǻţ

һ뵽ȻʦֻҪöȥ׬ǮԲ;Ӿ硣
һʶԼǶˡ

ÿʱҪһ굤ġ
ϳǿź󣬾ûʦʦһ졣
ô죿

ԲһڿˮͻȻͿ߾ͷĳ̨ϰ˳ʳ
и۵ڽš
ȡá

ľ۾Ķˡ
ʦ֣쿴

ȥҲסˡ
ѵģ

ǳ̨Χһ˶ûУС·ʱҲûͣ١
Բһڿˮ
ʦ֣дѵģ˼ǿ£

û˲굤콵Ѳ͡
Ҳ㵽͹ȰԲ档

ܾĶԣڹעһѺСĶ̨
ȥʣȥԣҾ̨ͻҡ

Բŵͷ۾Ǹֱֱ̨˹ȥ
һ
ۣⰡˮoѼƬƬ⣬ⶼѵģ

Ҫ֪éɽʱʦʦ˸ԵĶͨķʳֻܿ
ʦܱԹ˵˳Ե̫࡭
Ȼһţѵģ

Բߵ˳ǰһӡ
ţǻþζ̫οˣ

öʯƱĲ
һԻرģ

Բһôӹս¥̼ʵ
ͼݣͷ˵ȡã

ǻƷɫڣĳ˳ǣԲҪʧʱȴ˵ͷ
˵ģȻġ

ȷѵģԲԲһ顣

ȻǺƿ϶ͷ
ʱ˽Բһۡ
ðͷӰϿЩʲô

ϧԲ磬ëûء
ȷѣҲ̲סˮoͺݺҧȥ

û뵽µңﾹԴԺһҪΣ

*

һͷĳһöңܿ˼ʮ
׬ȥ͸ķעˣʼֺΧʿϢ

ʶͷһСʦãȴƳԲΧڳͷԣԶվ߰˸ֵʿ͵͵ָָ㡣

õԵȸˣ
ôݣθȴôãᱲ˰

潻ͷӶļ˵ԽС
ڣҪңܻر𣿡
˵ãǰǸӲҲ˲٣˵ڻںڿھʯأƵڸٰʮܳˡ

ݳ϶ȥھǻȥ˵ȥ󡭡ٺٺ١
Ҿθڣ󲻻ԸҪġ
˵Ҳǰ

ͷһ
ߵʿҲᵽ˰ǰ¶

ǰֵ¶ûУ׮Ц¶
Ǳߵĳ
ǰһرֵĵޱ桰ȫ⡱ƭһȫԹˣǮͱڿȥھʯˣ
ʱʦֺӮ˵Ǯ˻ûأͱķץˡ
ķҲѵķˣͷ˿治١

ʿ˵˳ŶĿ⿴˳ǰ˵ĽԲ
ʱɴ۾
Ϻǣ˵ߣȥǹܳԵĶ

һرֵĵޣ
ʦҲץˣ
ôôʦڹźʦ˾

Ĭһ˲漴һ
Բˣ




16.   16 (׽)   һǧ١

Բһ䣬ճԵ˸
±ˮ֭޹Ǽŷ͹⣬ɺȴˬɿڣ治
Բնȹ⣬Լʦֵıڶ

յģһ֪ˡ

Ųߵĸ裬ŷ֪ʲôʱΧʿ
ָָ㡣
ϹӰɢȥЩʦֵıһ˽

ԲйԼۡ
м·Ѿǩֱ³

ûع
ǶҸһ԰дš

ͷһ
ǰһۻǡȡáƣƤӵӲˡĸ֡

ŵգգ۾𷭵档
Ϥĸٴӳ

˸ǣȡá

Բ
ղŻһۣ
涼һġȡáĸ֣ʲôʱ򱻻ˣ

ȵȣⲻԣⲻǿô
ճȥɽ亣ζʱڵĻŭԲӦˡ

񼷿Ⱥϵ輸ȫգͷ⣬ʱһ͡
ﻹŸոӮʮ롣
Сʦá㡭ҡ

һֻʣյ˵Ĳ軹ûȵˡ
ֻһѣϮԣֱԭػ˻Ρ

ߵԲǰһյĲ裬ݸ
ԲˣȰɡ˺·

Բ㶽ӹﻹٺȣ
ʦ֣ұңˣдȡãղͻȻͱˡ

ûػأԶһյĲȵˡ
ϧĲ辢󣬺ҲǾͷĿѣضˡ



ɢŵĻʱΧ˹
ĿͶԾÿλá

Թרõ磬ɴǮˣ

һڡڡںͻ굤ڵĻһΧ
Բֲĳˡ
ôˣл굤ڵģҲ򲻹

߶µʡ
һӡҪǮ

һǧƷʯƱһ֡

ԲԼֻʯ֡
ǰ漸λʶԹˣϡֻǵǸ֡

ˡ
Ǯأ˹ȥ

*

ȻûǮĽԲͶŴ˶ķĵˮΡ
Ϊ󣬵ʾңá

ԲŻԲѵʦ֣һ߷޷޲ƽһ
ңǸӣдȡãԹ˲űɽȡãںͻ굤ʿһϣծ񣡿ɶ񣡡
һ죬Ҫң𣡡
̰ԣҪǶྯһЩͲẦʦһ𱻹ˡҲ֪ʦʦô죬ŶͲȥ

תѡ
Բ

ԲԴ
ʦ֡Բ𣬶ҡ

Ҳܹ㣬ҶΪѵġҪҲֶֻܹķ·ô飬ҲƭˣӦҲ˳ϵĶѾ͵ڿھʯȥˡ

ԲԽԡ
Ҳᱻ͹ȥ𣿡

Ҵǻģô˵

䣬ˮɳ 
ҲǱϵĸƭģ

ǰҲǣ
ͬΪ˵ĸоһ㶼á
Բ𶫷񣬺ᡣ

ɳ
ɣֻǺͼг·ģûԣλˡȥڿϲ۹ȳ𣬶ķ˰ץˡ

ǻңԲ˱ͣԽġ
ǰˣծٻ尡
ǧƷʯ

̫ˡ
ǲ˶ٰ

Բ򶫷
ʦ֣ûסǶţ
һǧƷʯ


öû

ԲΪǲ˵ʱȴ
ȥڿھʯÿɵ־ʮƷʯҪһꡣ

Բ
񣺡

ֵ
ãܻᱻȥŵʿЩͣķȽϿ죬ֻҪʮɡ

Բ
񣺡

иӣǮ졣ϧҲߡ

ǰʲôӣԲ۾һ
бķӣҲˡ

аӣĻһ¾ͳȥˣĻ

ĻԲ֣ڰĸˮΡ

ĻͺһԶȥˡ
ڵĴڴӺڰС˳
£ֺȶûˣֻܷˮεǽڱĴ
ˮӶʪˡ

Բ
񣺡

˻ʱ⴫Ųһ۳ĺӺǰ˽




17.   17    ïģ

ԲۼķֶβǸƤڣǿǸ
Ϻݵ޲ýơ
ƭҳԸģ

ǺɫһǿӲ
ԼͷûעԵģֻʵʵ˵ˡ

Բŭһˡ
ۣƱˣ
ҪǴ򲻹ԲʺͿˣ

ûһȡ
ˣծǷ˵Щʲôã

ǰĻƺЦԱۺ޵
ʯϣޡӲС£ʹһöʯҲҽǶķԹ˸硣

ʯΪ굤ڣһųΧ彭ԲͶͷ
ڶϿá

ܲͽ󡣡

ϡǰֹ
ǸŮޣθеһӲ˶ǱԹģ²ʺȥ󡣡

һֲȫ˵ĽԲ

ʯһ٣ϸһ齭Բ漴ҡͷ̾
ܳԣȥҪǮģӵڿҲ㰡ҪȻɴ࡭

Բ·𿴼һɱ⣬סΣɿ
ʯϣҰһ󷨣ܴùڵʿȥڿҲŬʯģ

񣺡
ڲмǰ
ǣ

û뵽ĽԲ

ԭ潭Բծʯԣȵĳɨһۡ
ڣܴùڣ

Բͷ̧°Ӳųš
ùҲܴ򣡡
ïģܴ
ֻҪӼʯ͹ˡ

ʯԸȤĻ˻֡
ǵծܺܿͻˣ

ڲмǰ죬ֻܳ̾һŽԲû˵

Բ֪ʶ࣬ɰͰ͵ʵ
ʯϣܿ컹ծʲô˼

ܼ򵥣̨ӮһһƷʯԽ״Ӯֵܵĸࡣ
ʯɵ˵

̨ǺĴ򶷱ҲңεĻɫҵ֮һ
˺⣬ңͷŮ֧󡢺ڿԾȣֻҪ׬ǮңմϹϵ

ҵγ˶ѭ
ң߿ˣӵͷű͵λɫҵǾ᰽һβĶ

ԲʶԼҪȥ̨̾ھܾ
յߣͼʯָŶ
Ůȥ̨һٿеֱȥ󡣡

סˡ
ʦֲ˵ԼҪȥڿôô
ƽľǱ˵ŮӵϷ

Բæʾ⡣
[ʦ֣˰ʯȥ󣬵Ů֧ڿ]
ϧʦһѱҲԸ󡭡

Բͷյͼ͵վҲǿĴ
ʯϣȵȣҺʦһȥ̨

ȵȣʦ֣ǡҲ̨
Բˡ

ȷҪȥ̨ȥ˾Ͳܷڣ
ʯϳɫ

һҧݾܾ
ȷСʦȥҲȥ

ҡ 
ԭ뿪ʯȥڿھʯĽԲ
ʦְ˵͵㲻
ںڿھʯٻгһ졣
̨һСĿɾҪ˰

ʯϿ۾ͻȻ⡣
һȥ̨ҲǲԡҲûĵطȥ

Բ
ˣһ󣬽˼ѹûԼȥڿ

һ·Ҳˡ

*

鷢չ󣬽ԲͶ񱻴ȥ˵ĺڣμ˫̨

˱װͬһͷŲĻֻܸоһζţ·ҪȥͷĽ࡭

Բɬ
ʦ֣ʵԭһȥڿģôͻȻ̨

̾һ
ܾãҪһӶںڿ̨ս

ʵû˵滰
֮Ը⣬ΪԲΪ˻ȥȥ˵ӡ

޵һֱ̬ȣýҲͣҲգֻҪǲۣôġ
Сʦأ
飬޵֮ͱ·ѣؼʱȴǺܼᶨŬץסһлƴ
СʦıӰͻȻĸֵΪ⡣
޵ôҪǵżһҲûʲô

*

֮ǰչضȴȥҲǩ״
ӱʱŵ
һλԳƻƽĻӤʿӰ

ݸԲͶһһźڱ߰׵׵ķֽ
ʯʱӦ̨Σ˰ɣ˳ü

ƽǸĿĵػĵޣΪлӤڡ
⻰ڴĿŽԲϣܸıԡ
ɵ˺һֻ˶ͽԲǩõ״

̾һ˵Ķͷݽȥ
һøԵķĶʽֻ·ˡ

ԲӹĴԼһúήңԽˡ
ȫϱӿȭѪֳ
ȿˣֳҰɣ

ƽɪɪӣ΢̾һȡᡣ

һʯѡ֡
ȵʽʼǶ˾ˡʯۡǶΪ׵Ϊ׼ͬӮһΣһʯ
ԾһӮһΣʯ
ԽӮһΣʯ
Ծһ󾳽磬ôۻֱӷ
ۼӣֱǵۺǷծ֣н뿪𣿡

ԲͶһۣͬʱͷ
ˡ

ôѡǵһְɡƽŽԲʶͽƫƫ

ֻӦʿеͽʿĵȼ߽׵Ĳδ

һ͵Ķڡ
ұһ͵ֻлڡ

Ϊɶƽѡڣǻڣ
ڲǸôô

Բ̧ͷƽɨ𴦲Լ
ֻֿ򶫷

Ŀ
Сʦã㣡

Բԥãһԡ

ƽԲ˸ںڵĴ䣬һʤߵģ΢΢ü
ôѡҲգѡһʱͻῪʲôʵ𣿡

Բæ
ʿһиҪ⡣

ʡ
ķܷ𣿡

ƽ񣺡Ȼǹܵġ

ǡܱ𣿡
Բʵĵ¡

񣺡
ƽ񣺡




18.   18 (׽)   ̨һս

ңĺǶڶΨһ˿ʿش
ʿ׬˵Ǯַȡ˾˵ĻЧ
Դһǰʽÿ̨ȱϯ

ȺȼĽкԲʮָӡ

ЩɥҲЩжԱĲҲж޷ƿصʧ䡣
뵽Χ۱ֻЩˣܸ߳о̲סİ̾

ʦ֣ô˶ˡ

սǰﵽ״̬Կһۡ
СʦãôͻȻɥˣղŻ˼ʶķܷܱܲܲ

ԲЩ˼
ʦ֣Ƕˣܵ˽ź÷İ
Ǻú 

ķͻȻֹ
Ҫʼˡ

*

[λͣ
ǵ̨Ͻס
Ҹȡ˸˼֣Сϸˡ
ƿֲһڴǼľϲ]

ԲͶͷĽԡ

ϸǵȻ˵ǽԲ
ˡȻʦ֡

һ·ĺɫĻڱƿ

ʱͣĳȽڶ˳ֺٴα𣬶

ű

ԲͶӭŴĿİ׹̨߽

Ŀǽµĺɫ̨ӳһķ״

̨ⱻ޳һһߵ̨ʱ˿̣˷̨Ա

֪ԼҪһ۵̨ⳡͦ񡭡˶᳡ġ
Բֹ۵꣬ջĿ⿴߳ޡ

ѡʱֻ֪ҲһһŮ
еĽ棬ΪŮĽܿڡ
սʤһܡ

ۼǣԲ̱Ϊڡ
ԤϵĲࡣ
Ϊֻ˸С磬ӻǶԷ򸾡

һ˾ͿʼӷĽк
˫ɷ˫ɷ
ӿǰȫҶѺˣϰɱǣ
ɱϸˣ

ϲû˫ɷţսͣԲŻᱻ֡

Բ򶫷
ʦ֣׼𣿡

ĹѾģжش

*

˫ɷ棬һ񳤽
Χһ;ٽ˳
־ԲͶ·

̾ͽ׻С˽ԲԼǰ

ۣ
䵽ǰ׵ס˴룬ֻһƵĻ

ԲҲƨq(s^t)rһ̳ȥ
ʦ֣

ǿ¿еѪȣҡҡͷ
һܳŵסСʦͣ

˵վͶŹ׳ӭȥ

ԲԭأѸٵתĿ̵ڷϹһۼԽԽ죡
ҪʦֳŲסǰٿһѪɷԻ

֪׺ôͲ˷ˡ

浽Ҫʱ򣬾ȻҪֿ̣Ǽˣ

Բʶֳɣһɿſ̵ڷߣһɾų߹Ůܿ

ܿߵĲȴʼûзųԼķֻЩ΢ġ

Ѿ챼ڣԲ
̾سһ㿪ܿƣ

գ
һϣԲſܿķ

һ룬ָȣβźڹ⡣
Ȼģ

ԲȻһٲ

һߵĶѾʼ֧š
Ϊ˸Բȡ̷̵ʱ䣬ΪԼ׵棬ܿͺ
ϴǰѪϹֻ˻δȫֻӲ˼¾ЩŲסˡ

һùǿеסĳ󣬶ȡһźʯ
Сʦã

Բյźš
ͣ·̿ӡͳǱ߷ɳһ

鶨սɶȥʾȵԷ¾úʯ벻

ӹȻЧˣ

պô㳹˽ᶫ񣬳˺ʯıըΧ

źʯԲ˼źʯеĻѧըҩΪƽ˵һսֻ·Ų˷ѵԭ򣬽źʯϳһ

䣡
ıը涵ͷڡ

ȵɢȥȻֱӰڵؿѪս

磡
ܿûϵȳŲס̻ĳȥ

Բˡ
û뵽ѧըҩʯսڶһը
ԼʵƷɱ󡭡

ѪɷԻӦòÿˡ

Բ̵֣ͷ̣ܿڶԼʹӶﵹʮŻɫʯӣ̧°͡
ǻҪж룬ըҩ򲻹ҵġ

ĻʯͷɨۣûбŲߡ
Сʦ˵ʯõֻһˡ
Щǡ

ܿʮšʯ۾һԥȻķˣ֡
䡣

ԲԵʱͷһɣҡ
ҪǼ򣬶ܰȺʯͷӳȥˡ
ʱⲻҪʦһˡ

뵽̷ס
ʦ֣û°ɣ

һȫǽҡ
û¡

һսʤ

*

Χ۵Ĺһʣ֡
ԲԴԴϴĺһ
ʦ֣뵽취ʦǵϢˣ

һ㶡
ʲô취

ԲԼּǰ

˼

ȻԲȫĺ

λͣͷ·شõʱϸлһïڵ޵ʿҪǽǽ̨׬ʯ˫ɷҲ䡭

ԭ˫ɷûõһڣ˲䱻ԲϢת˻ͷ

ʲô˼ïڹ˽ԼעԼƣ
Ҳ̫ˣһ²Žһéڲһƴ֣Ǯ
ߣȥشȥ
ߣ

*

ңΧһնûȵԲ˳˪ͳѩѲԡ
˱ҹȥ̽һ̽˶ķȴͻȻӿһ󲨰գֵľشߡ

ᵽʲôŮޣʿǽԲͶ

˵ץ߼˱ʵϢ

*

Сʦúʦǫ̂ǲǷծʿŻȥ𣿡
ɽƽֻûĶûϺš

ѩϸͨ˹ؽڡ
϶ңʲôӣȻʦܵĽӣôǷծ񣿡

˪Щš
ô죿ҺͰѩδȥҲȲˡ
˵ңﻹʮ굤ںͻӤʿ򡭡

յ̨ѾӣջƱȥ˵
ɽƽҲûиõİ취ˣֻȼһСʦ˵




19.   19 (׽)   ʯҲ

սӮ˵ĽԲͶ񣬱ٴδѡյʽ֡

ǻƽ𽻽ӡ
ȺͶȷսʯۡ

ʤߵ˫ɷѾİʯۡ
Ӯǣʯ۾ͺһ𲽣Ҳİʯˡ

Щ⡣
һİʯˣһڻڣսϣ񲻶ףһа˰ʯۣ

ȵȣһ˰٣һǧһֱڣֻҪ峡ȫʤܰծˣ

ͻϣö񼤶սӣԲһЩ׹
Сʦãѵǹѡˣ

Բ̹Ȼͷ
Ȼǹġ

ƽľϣߵʿֻʤߡ

ұʿ͵ȻǻڣʤԱߵĸߡ

ʲôôߵʤʣ
Ȼǻڴ߽ʿǻ굤ڣӤڶпܡ
ұߵϿƵͽףʵ򶼺Σաϴû֣Ӯ

Ȼƽѡߵġ
ǾߵʿΪ൱಻
ǻֱѡǿϣպͶˮƽΡ

һսͰˣٴֱȥڿѡ
ʡʱʡ

ӮˣôͲõĳ鵽ˡ
ǿĶˣĻʲô

ֻ֮Ҫã鼸ߵģѸٷۼʯ߳ķΣ

սԲķ

ƽǳǣѡ˵ڶյĶ֡
ĵƵͦҲòС

ԲյĶ֡

ڣǾߵϣǿס

ƽ񣺡

*

յĻش֡

ǰһһ˵ʿҩ

нԲï޵޵İԡ

ټϰҹһΧڻش⣬ӶҪïǮ˶෽ע

ģ׺Źкĸʦ¥ղȵϾͶ˫۾
ô£챻ԲըΣ˶ûԼô˯һˣ

һ˫˫Դӵ۾׺ֱԣץסһҩʦ
ͼݣǷʲô¶𣿡

ҩްһۣˡ

׺飺

һŴס

ǽԲ̨ϸҥǵһﷲ˰ҹΧڻش
é׬Ǯɷʮ޳ܣѹֻش˶˿ǡ
˶Լô֮Ϊ飿

ػġïһҹ֮ͱԲˣ

ƫƫҹ޸ƣȫȻûע֡

׺鵱Ļðɣ˲ݾͳȥңҾ˾Ԫ״

*

ңڣѩͳ˪˶ʮò׵ǫ̃Ʊ
Ǳȥ󲻾ãиʿҲ˶ʮһƱ
һһһСҲƱ˽ȥ

ǮСΪѾڣȻϵó˶ʿ

˭˵ʿܿʿˣ
ʵϣң̨Ǵʿġ

ֻ̨Ѿ᰽ֹҪ|׬Ǯְֻ취֡

ȵʣʮƱͻɶʮöƷʯֱӽЩ˹޳
ʱһܱ׬ʯ

С£ǰǮϻӣ·Ѿսʯӡ

ǰͶһӰС̰ڳЦݿٵ
͹٣̨մֻۣҪʮܡҹҹ

ǰ֮ˣһɫֻۣһ˫üëб͸Źɷŵζ
ңλ֮һҹš

˵ҹȥҩҪŻôչһ¡ͻˣ
ˣ¸ҹ̨ץţҪô죿

Сһʱŵڵء

ҹѹüëȻѾС˵Ļ
̨³ɷ絽ûҵĻ̨Ķ

ҹˣ
С˻⼸䣬ҹѾһƻӳ˸У
ֱӽˡ

*

ٴеĺ
ĽԲԼѾ컹µҪѾı

ȻݸӰȫУ

ŽԲԾԾԵıȻţЩ̲סЦ
Сʦã϶һӮҲа

Բĵͷ
İʦ֣һרıԼڶˣ

ɣܲһǵöһЦ
СʦãӲı£Ǽʶˡ

ԲҪڲһơ
Ҫʼˡ

*

εĶޣڡ
һ۴˵ĽǮ壬һɫޡ
һ֪Ȼһܹ١

ԲָͷԼġ

ʱҲܺ͹һйǺţ

ǳ棬һߴһ߹ְֽ
|ѵ|Ӳֳ

һܵʱö۲۲Ǹ֪·ߣѣ˵Ҳˡ

СʦڲԾĶ˼ҵĹٿǱʶʲô˹ǣ׼ǰԭؼ

ǲˡ

Ǯ֪״׷¶˷ܵĳԲΧ˹ȥ

Ҳ˵ˣϸˡսʱһ־ʹ˫ɷ

Ҫ֪˫ɷ½Ӯ峡ֻһںʱŰһΡ

ǴҪǻڵԱԭҲӮġ

Ǯ֪˼֪ϸˡӮȫıը̾ʹȶԸԲ
û뵽Լ˻֣ǲսˣ

ǱըҲʲôóֵı

ã
רĶԸϸǡˣ




20.   20    ϸ˵

Ǯ֪ˣһ˦źɫ޴󼲽һԶսȡٳԲڵķ򲨶ң

ˡ
粨˰˳ҶǮĺɫ޻ҪĴ򽭰Բڡ

ԲǰŻ֣ӲŽ̤ʼǮҹıӡ

ŲִٲǮȴÿһα£ԲܸպõĲȵԱ߼磬㿪˦ޣ

СȻڣȴܲ

ܶùԼıӣȴ㲻֪ΪҲˡ

ǮսˣɫһһţȻвأӣ

Բзѣһӳֱۣʱʹһ

ѽ

̵ģ۰
Ⱥɽʱĵͷۣ
ٱˣ

ԲСģӰһ˲ٴ٣ڵʱֻʣһӰʯ̨Ĵ

žžž
Ǯıһδε䵽ϣҲû򵽽Բϣ

ˣһߵ֪ҲԼȥʼڵϣ

ԲҲ̫˰ɣ
ٶȣܴﵽٶ

*

ʱ˿̨̣վһĸߵӣʶ˳Ӱ
ԲȻѪɷԻݻԻ경ˣûϣӮˣ
ţҲѣéɽڵˣǿԽύһ¡
үүе

ԶһΧ۵ĳ˪ͳѩǷ׷𾪵۾Լʲô

˪Сʦ·Ĺ򣬲ʦ̵İɣѲʦ˽ˣ

ѩŽԲµӰϳһϤͼ૽͡
ѪɷԻСʦݻԻ경

˪ֱӴˡ

վڳ˪ͳѩԹ۲İʿɨһۣĵԲԽԽ˼ˣͬŶ˽⣬ͷоһţдԲֺ󣬿ʼѸٲݡ

*

Ǯ֪ĹŴգһһεıĹ⡣
ʶԲϣʼ¶ۼĳΧȥ

ȻץϸǡǾץˡ
ϸǡһͺںǸˡʱһвһӮʹˣ

ԲŻΪԼ־Чˡ

ȻǾȻʦֺܽʱ֪Լƭˡ

ܹȥѾˣ

ʦֵΪǻû־Ҫץ

ʲôӱܹȥ죿

Բ۾һ



ͣ˽Ųǰģӡ
ܰġҲȥ
ųɤӳǮ֪

ţңʦ֣

¡¡

ŽԲĺһһ˳ȥ

գ۾׷Ǯ֪ˣ

Ǯ循û뵽ԲֻܣȻ֪һ
عͱ׷ҵһԣ

֪㵣
Ϊϳ˽ԲõġԼġ
⣬ôأ

ͬƵպ֪һ½ԲųۼٴȷԼĵġһģһ

ڵĽԲȻȻϻ͵ѧ

֪һߣ˰°ŭģʱ˫һ˹ȥ

*

ǰӰһǰһķ߿գЩز
ôһգ۵Ĺ˾ͱƷˣ
ղŻЩΪвСʦõ롭

Сʦ˵ɶţ
˵˾䣬ſʦ֣
⼸ô

ԲѾܵ˶ǰΪ̫ܵżͷһţԽԵţ԰޴롣
ʦ֣û°ɣ

ܵҡҡ׹СʦãֿԶѾԲѵ֪иǮ壬һ䡣
ûû¡µĲ

Բµؿڡ
û¾ͺãҹ飬֪úû뵽ⷨôðôԶܵ

㶻
ʦû̹ѵʦ˽ˣܲСʦԴİɡ
Ǳʶܿȷ𰸡

ԲβָԶ
ʦǵĶǶԸģãǸ̡֪ҵģ

Щ֪仰ʱֻ˹ȥ
ǣûУǽԲ͵ѧģ

*

ϸˡٴӮˡ
̨û²һ󻶺

ӮӮˣҪˣ
Ӿֻ֪ϸǡǸز¶ģҲҪ׬ˣ
شЩƲҲ˵ˣСһ־ʹéڵİ׺飬ǻûƭҰ

Բ䶯˶
ȺƴԼֵŮӡ
۾

Ƕʦʦ㣡
ǾȻˣ

û䣬ȻʦǸõˡ
ԲʶľȻ
ίȡ浽ߣ󺰡

ʦ㣡ʦ㣡ұң۸ĺòҰڿҳ˸ͣҪҴ̨ǷģҺܿܳȥģֻܵžͺã

¡쳹̨

˪
ѩ

в鿴ңҹţ
ͻȻе㲻̨ͣô£




21.   21    һ˼ڰ¡

Բں̨ϴûʱ׺ں;˾Ԫĺ״
˾ˣǸԲ̫ï޵ҲͰˣ뻵Ĵ㣬һܷŹ

ԪΪȻֻл굤ڣȴѾң֮һŶķ˾
ų́׬˵ӣɵʯġ
ҲΪˣ¸ǰúøУ˻ӤڵĻƽ˳ι¡

Ԫзۣ׺ϵơ
ȻԹ׵ҩҲ˱ɻмըûгȬ
ϣۣʮԡ

ڶķĹϵԸԲ
Ԫq(s^t)rһֱӵ˰׺ơ

׺˾˲ãβ̼н͹ȫֺá
˾ˣⲻôǸԲ̫ˣĶôෲ˵ش̨¶˳Ҫ治סˡǲáնݳô
˵ջ˸ĨӵĶ

ԪԺһЦ͵ؽеĲ豭ٵϡ
İɣվ͸ǰһӤڶ֣Բ֮أ

׺¶
л˾ˡ

˸ҪۣͻȻײײܽСˣԪһˡ

׺̨Сۣá

ȻСһߣԪĽ豭ֱˤ˵ϣɱ⣡
ǻҲ֪˭©ҹǰϻ̨ʱȥˡ

׺ɵˡ
ǽԲ

Ԫأɨһۡ
İɣ̨²ܴȥϰ֣Щһ߲ǸԲҲ߳ңģ

׺³׷ˣл˾ˣ

*

̨ͣ죿
ʱ˿̣λڵĽԲͶŸյ֪Ϣ

̨ǵծŸյ˰˰ʯȫ廹һƷʯأôҪͣˣ

Բż
Ƴϣ̨ҺʦҪȥˣ
ĳ̨ܽծʮܻ壬Բֻ۷ڣΡ

ƽݹĽԲֱ飬浨
Ϊ̨ôǰǱʤˣԽԽΣգͣ˷ǸϢڸҪҪȥ󣬵ÿˡʰ£׼һȥҹ

ԲͶһۡ
ңĸҪǣ
ԭ̨ͣģ
Ϊʲô
̨̫ף뻻ĥǣ

Ƕٸ磬Բλҹܵŭ
óöȱ£ֿ˵⣡
ȻȰ׺黹󣬻̴֣֫ü̱ǲۡ

*

̨һʿңãλ˵еġҹ

Բڶм䣬ΧɨһȦССپȻٶʿ
Ӥڡ굤ڣڡ

ﻹмˡ

ܿ
һղܿһȾˣŰ߰Ǳ
Ҳ˽ԲͶ񣬼ʦȫȫűĵĻ죬ʱͷŲߡ

Բ˸ձȶõǮ֪
ǮԶԶȴĴָԼ֮顣
֪һۣҲ֪ڸ͵ѧ¶

ԲѧĹ䣬ɡ

ԶһӰʱ۾һ
ǰɣҲڰ

˷׷ŤͷȥԲеǰ

ȻͿһûۺȵʿһһĵĳԲк

ϣܻŴˮγãǶиˣܿͲңﰾȥ

λǰο˵ĻһľּѪ

ԲͶæǰһߡ

ǰôϢ֪γƺأ˵ңȥʲô˼
Բϣܴǰ䡰ĺûοһ²Ƶġ

ȶ۵ǰһЦˬ
ǰֽžڵʱ򣬻ܱһ񵶣˷ˣǽһˡ⻹ЩϢ

ԲͶû񵶵ţĿǰļ̽Ϣ

͵ȴ׷ױɫ

񵶡֪Ǹ굤񵶰ɣ

˵ץңԼ̨ʤʮųΪʯͱųң󣬳Ϊɵĵһˡ

ôǱˣ

ѵг룿 

˾ɲɻʱͣ¡
ˣСɣˣһҹ㣬ȥδӶһ仰¶
ԪͳȺɨһۣβĽԲʱ۾һܿתߡ

*

Ҷתעǰڻĺɫš

ĿĽڴŴ򿪺һʱӿ뽭Բ۾ʶۡ

ңգֱʱһңġ

Ȼýʯǽ

֮£ҷĵ䵽ϣŵ͸㷴䣬ͬαˣ˲û߽ڡ

ԲͶһѾ䵽˶档

һЩ棬ȵסĹһȦջĿ⡣

Ȼ,ҲܿջĿ⡣

Բʹĺˡ
̤α˵۾ĴƣǱɻԻ;𺳵ˣ

ͷĽ⽫ûɶӪͷһԹ⣬ڰ׾ϣ˵Ĵɵ

һɶӣĽ͡
ѣͷʯͽµı񣬶ǿʯȻȴֵƣҲʮּӲܶҷѡװΣȽɡ

ԲȻȴǾ̾ɻ
ɣ
Ķˣ

ʲôʯƯ󣬲̼ԪڱϵķϣϡϡŵʵֽԺû

˵ʵ̣ײͰ

֮ʧǿα˺ϱڲҹһֵ滥ͶӰϵͳ
ͶӰϵͳȥͻˮ䡢ƲʸĻ侳

Ի경ҲܴЩЧʿ׷ʱץ˵ĴŲʱطӡܸõĴﵽԻЧ

Բ۾һ

Ի경ҪĲٶȣյɢãͿԿ϶ҪЧ

ȵȣȻˣɴ󷨣ȵһȽȥ顢󡭡

ʱԻͶӰϣԼõ˵ڿӣֱǳ˫ӮķӰ

Բо󷨵С

üͷһһǰһħӣöһ⡣

һΪԲôʯͱϲںȴŲ¡

ΪΪ޷ծ¶ڻ

ⲻ֪ԲԴһ᰽ĳԻ경




22.   22 (׽)   ġС

Բվ̨ĬӡɺʵĽӡ״ʱ

̨ϵҹԪڵǷծ

Щ˵ծҹ°ͺ˼һڵ

ǼȻμӹ̨Ҿлֱ˵ˡңҪͣڶķٿ
ǴǰµʯҲģǿкϼµծȻѡȥڿھʯȥ󳥻µҵ񡣡

˶ʼ߷߲ƽҹЦһֲ
ʵﻹиܸĻծֻҪԸҶħģôͿһƷʯծծȫ壬뿪

ծȫ壿
ĸýԲ̻ϡ

û뵽еġҹȻ̴֫֡ü̱ǲۡ
ҹһɫΪбţƽϵüҲɢţЩ죿

ԲʶƳʦ֣ջĿ⡣

Ա֮£ʦֳøӵƽ׽Щ

Ǹҹ㳤úÿҲǸᱣĻˡ

ᵽħĵծ
ħĿǾ᰽ܵԡ

ҹţΪʲôʱħĵǮ
Ѳ֪ʲôҪ첻ɣ

Բͷһ˿²⣬ת˲š

Χ˵ֻҪħԾܵһƷʯЩĶ 
ʳ
ҹ淢ħľܵһƷʯծ񣿲ƭǰɣ
ǰһ̨ܵһٵծħĵʲôҪǵɣ

ҹżϹ𴽽ǵ
ҹ˵㻰ǴɷģħҲʲôص£ֻϣ뿪ңٺڵң𣬱Ͼ⣬ͦҪġ

û뵽ô򵥡

һ׷⶯

ʵ㲻ģҲ뱻֪ԼΪǷծûǮȥ̨ĺʷ
²Ƕħģкѣ
㷢ˣҲħ

Щծصķ׷̧ʾ⡣

ҹԸⷢħģ
ҲԸ⣡
Ը⣡

Ƭ̹򣬾һ˶ͬˡ
ǶԪ䷢ħġȥˡ

ԲЩ˵ıӰ¶ĽĿ⡣
ʦ֣ħֵܶǮͺˣǾܴʦֺʦһȥˡ

㷢ģҲǧٿƷʯծ񡭡

ǰ˵ȥڿʮ꣬ȥʮꡭ

ǲʦֺʦծ

ȴڹһ¡
СʦãûоǸ¹ֵֹģ㿴˺üۡ

Բҡͷ
û̫ע⡣Ҹоر

Բݲָо
Χֻٶˣһ뻹˸䣬ǾĿѹ֡
ָоͻӤʿѹ̫һ
Ҫ˵Щ𣬸ΣУ

ԲһȻʱԤϢ
ԲСġ

Բתʶ𶫷ûعһ㵽һʯӺ棡

Сʦã
ǡ
һ򣬸ʳڣͼԲͳѸٵĳ˸֡

ֻһ룬˾֪˽Բ˵ԭ

ΪĴͻȻ˴Ⱪը

һ˲ͳк޷˺ݺݺ˹ȥ

䣡䣡ǣ

ȽԲΪֹҪǿ

һͽʯͱը鳯˷ɽ

̻Ի͵˲Ͳ棡

ȻԲͲŶһ㵽Ӻ棬Ϊ̫˳ȥ

ȽԲع̲ס³һѪ
Ȼֱˣ

ʦ˵Ϊڣ̧Կˡ
˵޴󣬿ɶ˿ܽǻְ̧ˡ

ѵǡʿһ

Բѹǻʹ˻ͷܱѡ

ĶһΪ·ͻȻѲѾȥ

Щ׼ʿҪҵöࡣ

Щеģۿǻȥˡ
ʿҲ˵أ֪

ŴıǰݣԲڵľһΪܵŭ𣬽յϢ
Ϊٸһ㣬ٸһ㣬Ͳ䵽ϵĵز˰ɣ

ʩʩȻĴ߽

һɫļۣҷأǲЦԹ˸ůµȴŶ³ߺɱ˵о

ǸղһԲԸһ޻޹ʿɱ֡

˹Ȼòࡣ

̨ϣҹżˣֱӣ
³ɷ磬Ҳˡ

³ɷ磿
ԭңһλ

ǰ˵ңλ³ɷɱϣҹ²ѵνĹϺͲ

ɱ޹ȣ

Բ߬ȭͷ˵ģ

³ɷ̤صĲߣЦ⣬ߵҹƽĸ̨ʱ۽ǣϰ̨|ˡ
ҹţͺ˵ҵĶҪɱҪжһ˵㣡

ҹųɫҲ˵̨ܰ졣

³ɷ绺һЦ벻⡣
Ȼ֣ǾͲɣЩ˵ծɲƾһ仰ҵģ

ǡʱ仰̿ס˽Բ֡
ԲһҹǸ˵Ȼ˵㻰ˣ

˶ѾɵҲ|û˵

һ䡰˵ҹź³ɷ˵ע⡣

ҹŴɱ۵˲ͷɵ˶ϣȴڿٵͬʱסˡ
ȻԹ̨ʱҲ죬ȴûд˿̸е𾪡


³ɷȴûп򶫷񣬶ǶסԱߵĽԲһȻЦɭɭ⡣
ϣҷ˸ʲôС




23.   23    ССͣȴС

Բң죬ȻšˡĴȴΪٶٴ·ľԣѵûָЩѪɫ

پ£һ˫۾ǳ˿һǱڷﴹӡ
䳾ӣޱҡҷ谲

ⲻ֪谲ĽԲƤ͵͵ˡ
[ڵ֣һ죬ҽԲǿѪԴƨ|Ѫĸηεʿ޹ʿ֣ڡ]

ֻ̧ۣǵԼ
ȴ⸱ӷ³ɷע⡭

³ɷڿڡ
ιǸڣ

ʶ˽Բ

Բ֪Ľֱӣĵɣܱ֣춼û
Ӧò˵Լ

Բû

³ɷɴָ
۵ڣ˵أֻ㻹



ԲɨһȦֻֻԼš 
㲻ȥˡ

Ĵӵվ𣬽ģ³ɷ硣

Сһıڰͷվ
ϸСĺ£

Сϸ³ɷɫɼĽһ˲

ҹȴЦ
ϸȻϣ˼꣬ҿͷһ

³ɷ翴ҹȡЦԼڰ׷ɱΡ

ҹȴȫȻںЦ˸̧۴½Բ

ڣΪ΢
Ӥںͻ굤ڶ³ɷһƴĿѪԲѡ

ֻ

ֻˡ

Ҳϸ͡

ѹ³ɷȤ

³ɷ翪ʵ
ʲô

ԲЦ̬ҡġĻص
СĽнԲ

Ҳ˵ʲôԣСʲôܸɡ̬̫п룬ҹžһ˲ôÿˡ
ʧȥȤתߣһ
ֺһ㡭Ƿ˶Ǯ

ԲĻص
һǧƷʯ̨˰˰٣ǷһǧƷʯղŵĻСȥħģǾֻʣǧˡ
Ҫ̨ͣ죬͸ñųңˣҲͷɶ

ҹţ
³ɷ磺

ûǴԪǷծֻ߸ծ˽򡭡
ԲȻ֮һ
ѹôпȴûȥħģڵᡭ

ССͣȴС

ҹ񣬲Ȼ¶ϡ 

³ɷ練ЦԽ䡣 
ԲԸҴģ

Բڴʿӣ˼ǴԼߵĿԡ
ʼ㣬³ɷջ

ģ
Բ쾯

³ɷ磬һǸЦԽã˾Խù
ǧܱƭ

ԲĶ˶µ
ϸСѾǷ̫ǮĲˡ

ǲԸˣ³ɷ

ܵɱ⣬Բֻѡ
л͸ͬģС٣

ҹѾܲͷ
³ɷ磬㵽ʲô˼̨Ѿͣ˼ңһҪȥͺڿҲáǵʱ䱾Ͳ࣬ðգΪƽƽƷҲһ㣬ûҪ

ĿⴥԲÿÿͣؼĵط

˽Ļɴ౻ڽ޷

ԲȰ㹭һԣȴԶҹŸղŵĻ
[һ˷֡]
[Ҳôɾ]
[ûҪһ]

ҹţǳȥʲôܰ
³ɷ˼Ķģ¹һʱ޻ðյ£ǺǣǱвһ㶼Ӧ

ֻǡ¹ң󵽵ʲôҪܵģ

ȵȡ
ԲͷȻһ

ܲģǱأ

ˣҹǷħģҲҪңô

ô࣬Ǿų́ڲֻ̣ǵĺ̨ĴӰ쵽ңİȫӰ쵽³ɷ磿

緢˾һԲٿһһأʱ޷ֱӡ

ִͬ˵İ޾Ƿŵ᰽磬һ԰

зɴܹŶΣû꣬ҹŵٴ
Ѿû˸ղŽŵζ

µĵޣǵ˻ר˸ΣԸⷢħģԿȥҹµծԲ

һҪߣԲʶԼʦ֣һԼ

˭붫յĿ⣬׷һ䡣
ҹʦõծǺһǩµģԼɷһȥ

Բ
аɣָʦֿûϷˡ

ҹŶŶãڵͷϧĵ
ϡ

*

˸ҹź³ɷ磬һʿĸ䡣

ʱѾûˣֻһ޴ĺɫ̨

վڶԽǵĽɫԪ

̨ѾˡҲΪ̫ԶԪú

ǹ䣬ԲڸܵԪĲ

ԪѵǵһμԼ
ôǶԼ
ӻͦܳ裬ԼᱻСЬɡ

ԲֻýӣԽԽ

ǰиʱðյĶԼ

ûʵĹ¶а
ָռ£Ĳʺ

Ԫ̰ϣ
ҹٴη

ǰһ뻹ԼûյĽԲವ̧Դһ˫۾סװ̵Ԫ
٣Ȼ̰
ԶĿԶģøҲԶģ

˷ܣԾԾԡ




24.   24 (׽)   Ĳβ͡

ԪҹŵķԸںɫ̵ĽǶ̣վһԡ
̵λ󣬺ɫһ⣬ٿ

ҹżԲһֱԪδղűֵôˣɫ΢ɡ
϶̨ĵӶûУֱӡ

ԲȻǷңƷʯ͸֪ƾԼڶ޷ɣ

Բװεĵͷ
ѵԸĳ᣿
ٴĴ̨ܻ壬С

ҹ°΢㣬ɨźԼƵɫ΢ĵ
̨ѾһС췣ʸȥȡһ֣ҾծΣ

ΣԲ͵͵ƲƲ졣
С췣һҲɫקסԲĸ첲ҡͷʾթ

ԲȻã򴽣СĴǵ
ҹС췣ӦǴ췣ݻİɣڵǰƲֻǸڣȥ

ǽԲһֱо󷨣»ڴӦ

췣ǻʿ׽ʱ󷨣ν췣ŭ֪жô졣

ȻղŶԪʱҲ͵͵ݻһ飬ûѡС硱һǰңһж壬ٲӦ¡

ҹԭΪԲ᲻һдӦ
û뵽ûӦᵽ˴췣

˸ղ³ɷĻ
ԲԶǱô򵥡ѾʹԪں̨ʹѪɷԻĲھݻӤڵ󷨣츳ǷȣҲ˵Դ췣Ҳа취
ǲһԣҲܴ󷨣ȡأ

СĲβ͡

ҹɫԽһЦ
ԲȷҪծȫĻ᣿С췣Ѿʿ˵ѡˣھͷħأȻȥڿ󳥻ʣµծ񡣡

ͨˣ
뵽ڿ󣬽Բڵͷ

ҹԸֻмҪӦ

ҹЦǱʶ⽭ԲҪʨӴ󿪿ڣȭͷʱֲ¶ۼɿ
³ɷ翴УԹ˹ʼû˵

Բڵ
һλʦ֣ҲǷңһծҴǰɷǵծҲһ
һӦò֣Ͼҹ˵ʯǾţһë

ԱߵĶԣ˶û˵
û뵽ʱСʦþȻʦֺʦ֡

ҹЩ⡣
ԭ£ԡʲô

Բֵ飬ÿʱ͵÷Ʒ굤ͻã겻ȣһҲøǰ׼

ֳԲһۣûжȴʼ졣
СʦõĻѾôˣҪƷ굤ˣͨĲ굤

ҹųԲ´һ飬ƲſģƷ굤ң˵ֵͬһᡣ
Ҳԡ𣿡

һ¡
Բ̧ͷֻʣĹͼᶨ
۳ɹʧܣɷ񶼲Ҫǣλʦ֡Թ綼һΪҸԸԸ

Сʦá˲ۿ

ҹȴʶԲһ㣬ٴι
ԭǳԹǷôծ

صǳѵη¸Ҿ
Բ͵͵˸ۡ
ظûгԹ⣬ʣĲ衣


ҹţǸġ
ԣҪ󶼲֡˶Ըⷢħģҿ̷ߡ㡭

⻰һԲʱɳһûٿ񣬶
л

ܺáԪȥ׼󡣡

ǡ
ԪӦһ

ȻԪԲĲ굤ֽţ¹ظҪ£һǵȴľֻ·һ
ֻܻŲޣķԸá

Բ׼Ʒ굤ǰķ㹻šҩ̡һӦƷ

ңǰԪ׺˸š
[Բλʦּҿ׵ȥǣֽŸɾ]

*

Բͷһյյװ˶Ŀռ䷨ңȴû˼࿴һۣתͷС췣

ɫվԭأ·𽭰Բһȥء

Ԫһ
ѣҹһɡ

ҹŶԼã֪㲻ȥһ⣬ĵĿ۶̨Ϸ󷨡

ԲȥС췣Ϸͺͣ١

߰ɡ
ڳ̾һֻһһˡ
һҪ¡

£ȻҹҪҺλʦֵծ񣬻ڿǱߵݸϢǾ콫λʦ͹
һڿϣһҪǽԲղ𣬶벻ôԶ

ŰжֽŵԪɫ
뵽һҪҹֻȥϢˡ

q(s^t)rúҹмưˣȸʧȤԻ¸նݳ




25.   25 (׽)   ƶɳǰ

Բ̤С췣ͱ漴͵һĮ

ǻʿµ󷨣ɳ鲼֮࣬ͷ̫ʵʣɹʱ˸ɺԸС

촽ֿ¡

ɳѾûף´кɳĮȫһͬκ

һ޼ʵɳͷз罥ŷɳʼĴǱǰ

ԲûȡһƷ굤¡

ƷһȥżյĻƣ˲ϳ߰˿ͨĲ굤ˡ
Ԫĵӣƿоһһܿס

ҪǰȥǿԿЩֱӳŵˣ
ʡôһǮ
ԲůĶӣ˷ܣԼ˸СĿꡣ

һ

һۣ㰲ȫȡʮ̷ŵϣʼѸٵĿӡ󷨡

Ҫ̵ù󷨡

ѪɷԻϢ

顢顢顢Ϊһ飬õĳԻ경΢
ұ֤óֱӤڵʿҲ㹻Ļѡ

룬±ÿһͣٺͳɣ·ǧٱ
ҲֻнԲԼ֪ⲻ۵ʵĵһˡ

֮ôȫϱʵǧջ

Բÿ̺һ̣Ӵ󵽽ֱۡ

ֱỴ̂϶飬

*

ʱ˿̣ңͨӰԶΧ۽Բ³ɷҹŶĬһ˲

ڶ˲ԶͬſӰСʦõӰ

գ۵ĹСʦõ־ˣҲ²Щ̷ŵһʲôЧ

Ħһָ³ɷбһ۶ɨҹš

ϵĵǺΡ
ҹһ²ؼĮ

ҹţ𣿡 

ҹͷ
ȻΪжɢλãС췣Ĺϧ󷨱Ե|̹Ҳڤ֣ûôױƭ

ڤǧһɵڤ»ԣǻʿԵֵĴڡ
һڣ츳ǿЩΣ

˵췣һʼͻˡ

ҹ룬ƳŲѵĶʱָ⣬û
İɣҲġ

۶øֻſӰڵĽԲ

³ɷˣԹ˹ǡ
ôҵãСﲻܸһϲ

*

С췣ڣԲڻĮﱼûþӭ˵һ췣

ʵԺƬɳĮɳ

ÿһϵɳӣһεҪࡢܡۡ

̺뿪ԭأһԵĵط׼

ϧûܶԶܾƾճɳг˹

Щһ·лɳЮ˽ȥԭξɳĮ˲ûɳ죬ް塣

ԲûгŻ֣ɷɳһĺϣֻƬ̹˾ͱɳͷŵ˸ƶ桰ɳ񡱡

ƴɳԽԽɡɳ񡱽ԲȴĻǰš

ϵɳԽԽ࣬ĳһ޷ڻʼɢ

һɳȾ˹ȥ

ɾҪǸɳ񡱾˺ʱɳȴκ˼֮⡣

֮ǰǼ

һյķ籩̼ӿٶٴ׷ȥһΣƱҪʿм

ϱΪڻУٴ˸գ

Σ籩׼˻ᣬɳ񡱾׼У

ֵġɳһ֮£տӰתڣɳԭˣȴˣ

*

һĻۿλͶ۾

Ϊ˶ɳƭˣ

˭ûע⽭ԲɳǶ㵽˱𴦣

һֱڶſӰ󿴣ɳ񡱱ɳʱ㾪ɵǡɳ¶տյּʱסͣҡ

ԭɫɵҹѾеĲյʼ˼⡣

³ɷ繴ǣһ䣬Ͳɳˡ

*

ʵԲһʼͲǶɳ
һ̹ҵϺ󣬾Ѿԭˡ

ģ󷨷µġӳٻӰ

ӰΪѾĶ

ɳӰɳʱҲѾһطɱȥ

ԲٶȲ졣

ʱǰʱȦ

Ļɳȥûһ˿̤ĺۼ

һգգϸܷЩۼǲڣֻڽԲ뿪ʱѸͬɷɳڹĺۼ

ÿһ˿õǡôڷɳͣͣŻῴû

Ȼ˾ϸĲҪҲǾ޴ģ 
һ̼ܵĽԲѾ쵽ľʱ

һܣһ߰ඵ¿С

˰ȺɳӾҪˣⲻѾϾܸ㵽ڤ֣ұ֤

ҲǽԲĳŵ̫ƶڵĴİ

ԲΪԼοЧΧ죬ڷӦɲͣŲ

Ծ

Ȼż𶯵ʱҲڸָλ

ͻȻˣ˳Ϊڤ֡ڸ

ڵطˡ




26.   26    Σˡ

ڤֺʹһմѪȣǻνʱѡ

ǰԲʦ˪ǻԵõͿɻγˡ

ոһ̤С췣󣬳õĴͻȻΧһڤ֣ġԵ

ԲȻøһѡ

ҲҪ˳ƻĶ˳°

óԻ경Ūꡰ췣֮̾˳ָܵ⴦ɳ

Ϊһ·мԲʮء

ȴͣ£ֻһ߷ٶȣһߴӽ̽ȡָĵҩ

Ȼ󽭰ԲԼһֻ鱦Ѽ

Ҫ

ԪȻԼѼӣ

ͺȻŵ鱦ѼζԲеͶԭسѼ

ղƽ齫Ѽؽһö鵤

´鱦Ѽζ鵤Բζģȹ̺󷨿ʼء

Ȼڤ֣Ȼ͡һܹ֪̽Σ

úúùţֵʱһУ

ڤֻʲôӵģ
ʹһŻδε
Ǻһһӣ

ǰɳЪжڻ

Բʱˡ

ΪʲôĻһɡɳУ

ǰڤֲɳѵ㲻һ𣿡

ôɳӣͷ·öܰ
ܵôѾû뵽һʼͱܿȷĿꡣ
֪ڸɶֱӱȥ¶ˣ

Բŭ

Ҳһ˲䣬Բϵиǹɳвλãϯ

ԲһǿйԼ
ɳôıɳֻҪõڤֵ֣ˣ

ζϣɳо˲׼ᳯǰһˣײ˽ȥ

*

ȥˣĶͬһ˲侪

ͬڽԲ飬֪ĶȫҺͼ

ΪԲ˵ĲǱĵطС췣ڣ

Աߵҹţס

šײҵ۵ĽԲq(s^t)rһ
ܶԷˣƾ㹦߶Զ

ϧעҹŵĴա

*

ԲߵúԶߵúܺá

С췣ʱľž׽٣ԭɳз˪ѩ׵Ȱ˵ؿҪ

ɽԲŵһؾƭڤֵķҵ˴Ӫڡ

ҹΪǹʺǿ

ʱ˿̣Ѿ˵ĽԲδܵɳʹࡣ

෴⾹Ȼһ˲ͰûĻɳԭҲɵİ

䲻Ĵ˸£ΧİȻ

ѹִ˵ڤĻԵԭͬ

ҲΪûԲŵﻹһɵ

ٴμ

мҲԤ

Բԣ̳ǰų֣һͱĶݺײ˺

ܺãҵ̣͵Ϯˡ

͵һ̤סΣٱƳǰ׷ȥָʹವıĳ

ۣ

û뵽һȥˡ

ۡ
ڿгЦ

Ҳһ˲ԭڵϵĽԲȻڰգ־ͽĶץУ

ƭ˰ɣԲ˷ܵľͲβˡ

û뵽Ի경ôãƭ췣֮ƭڤ֣

߬סĶҪѣ̽ϵ󷨵ת˳򣬸ĳɸ

ϵĺôֻҪźʣַӾԻͶӰ֮л硣

ڤ𣬲ԽԽǿӲĽ֮Ҫըڤ֣ȻԲԻƭΡ
ɳϯʱһΣոһΣԽԽٴ

ԲŲôأԵһ⣬ڿڤֵ

һšʯӶ

˵ӶЩ̧Ϊ̫ʯӶˡ
ﻹЩĴУĺ޲һͳȥԲΪԼץˡ

̣עڻҵ
ʱˣԲֵ̽ڤϡ
Ϳˣ

ĴľһƬ״ڤһˡ

ԭԾֹڤ

ɫ˿˿ƴӶڡ

һʱˣΧʮŨȶԲ£ͳ˸ղֻ鱦Ѽ

Ѽһ¶ڿýԲĶĹһ۾ܵһӡ

㣡

ȻԷ͵ȫĵطԲܺúܰ~

Ӹղץڤ֣ѾˣС췣ڡ

ܹȥڤ֣ӦþС췣ۡ

Ȼ֪ҹΪʲôҪ˵͵ڤ󣬲˵ٺòϢ

ΪⳡעӮˣ

ڤ֣С췣ͻ᲻ơ

ҧѼӣʼʶıɿš

һͲͨһȥ˳ҪϽɣ鵤ҩŷǶûϵˣ

ȻˣʱسԣҲʲôȡáӿˣ

ûԲͳһɳҺ͹һڣ̾

Σζ

*

ۡ
ۿСʦýΣص֮ø˳ԲֳҲ̲ס͵Ц

ԽЦҹŵɫԽڡ
ϸܷµһ˫ȭͷѾǺ޲̽ʺ˵ĽԲӳС췣

ÿ̲סʱ³ɷǡôһȣҪȽԲ

ҹžֻԼѰڤֱԲǸɣ

ް




27.   27    ˭Ǹء

Բ˿֪ԼΪҹ˿

¶ηĳԹ˽󲿷ţһöƷ굤ŷʣµķʯʼӡ

ң׼Դõķ̺ʯϺõĲϣôңлᱨȥȻҪﾡãȫ̹⣡

оԻ경ȻٶȾˣȴ죬һ͵üʱ
̼ףҲб޻

ԲһҸλùҺãһͽԼҳɸƶķ̼ӡ

*

éɽھôȱ𣿡
⿴ȥҹ̲סͷһ۶

񲻿ֻԼɫƮƮĵ
éɽڣֹọ̇̄ȱ죬ȱӣȱʯȱҩôңƴ֣ˣ

ҹűҭİ˵ֻŤͷòŵ
֪ٴӣβܡ

̵Ĺ˹ǣû˵

*

С췣ڡ

Բ֪Ѿеʯͷ̡

ɳطȫбĸпһ
ŤͷһȻûꡭ

յٶȣǵһպܽ

Ҳ֪ʦǲѾʹʦֻˡ
մʦֵӣ϶Ѿ·ȰżλʦȥϻչöʦʦϢ

ⲨϻΪ϶һ¥

뵽ԼҪΪСʦãԲʱסˡ

ѾԹΪµĿ࣬лȻҪһ¡

ȻʦϹˣ

ȫѾﵽתéɽķĻˣ˭Ǹأ

Բ£ʼת̹졣

ǵ飬ԡԨоߺӵѨλγһתĪ˹

ȻϢͣʱת죬ڻʱļ޶֮λٹһȦ

ıҪӦþͶȫˡ

ǡ֤漣ʱ̣

ˡ

ȽԲͷһϤ־ٴγ֣ա

ΪѾɻȷɢÿһѭԭֻаƴѸ
ԲʶҲѾٴδƬʶ֮

ͬǣȻһͷ͵ִʶͷվšѩˡıɽǰ

*

˹ؼʱȴĴžણһжͻȻڵأſӰ󷨵ˡ

³ɷҹ˫˫ͷǶķ׵˵ϡ

ҹżΪޣȻѷˣԱһԭضĽԲֱصĲ𡭡
Щ

Բʦôôˣ㻹ڻڣѾҹңҲҹҵѪ츳ڣҼǵʱͦġ

Ȼס׶˲üˡ


ҹ֪ʧڣתͷ

³ɷ緽Ÿ̾
Ů츳˵ã˵ã˵ãҶЩðΣȥȡˡ

˭һֱַҹȴĿڷ
˭˵УҾУԺܲܵڣǵˣȥһҲûʲô⡣

ںͷݶһۣ˵

³ɷ繴𴽽ǣ֪˵ĽŷΧӰ

*

ջߣڴӵϼģԽԽ

˭֪˿̵ж

ΪڸղţĿСʦõڶν

ôأ

ʦ˵᰽ʿֻһνĻᣡ

Сʦõһ򳤴ĸʱѾû뵽վȻٴν򡭡

ֻԼŵⶼΪСʦٴαˢ˸߶ȡ

۱ͣˢµͬʱͻȻ˵ձѪϹִ˻ԲʱԼԼСʦúǾ仰

Сʦ˵
ʦ֣ѣѧķӣԽˣ

ʱʵǱԲε˴űʹѣɲ֪Ϊʲô仰ȴһֱڼ
ƾڵȴ֤һ㡭

Ӧãİɣ

СʦֻܹΪ츳ˡϾӤڵѪɷɱܽ⿪ڵС췣Ҳҵڡ

ǣأ
Сʦ˽ķ
ǡ

촽ͻȻЩѰ

*

ĽԲ

֣һſӿ죬һʶıɽǰоƬѩ״Ļˡ

ʲôԭ˻أ

Ѳԭ򣬶˵ʣֻҪպԵ⡣

ɻ¶ˡ

ѲͶ̥ʱʲôв䵽Ļ˸ֵĻӣ

ϧԲô䣬벻ԭйصļ䡣

ԭĽԲӳಡ߾ͱɽ

·ԷĽţʮʱĳԷŴδֻʣԲһ˿ĿİĹӡ

ֱսʱɽɽűéһƽéɽڡ

ʼ󣬽Բ˵֣һغȻéһƽش۵ĻӤʿæҲֻסһСԵľûɶ취ˡ

ٺ֮¶

Բ䵽ͻȻһ¡

ǾǴԺûٴ󲡹ˡ

ףԽʡǮĸã

ųֿܣԲԸġڷܣת

Ҫ취ˡ

Ȼ׿⣬һֱܲˣѱһཨʶɽ

ԲڵʼͣԭŶѾյ£һʵӡ

һ͸ųɵ굤ˡ

ϧʦûн굤ڵ̸Ȼֱˡ

һ͵ڣҲȥɡ

Բ۾

ѾɢĲࡣ

ϥȻһҲҪס

Բڴĵɴ۾֪γ˺ʲôӡ

ڣϵڤֳױһŻ˵ĿտǶ

ƳԱһ㣬ͻȻ˸Ͳˡ

ԲԽ

˺һȴֻһнġ



ԲŵȥĿ˿

ûνġγˡֻС

߾ԭʦ˵Ļγˣĳˣ԰

Թϸȷʵ̫һˡ

ͨʣȥĸо

ȻŻǴɽͻ֣ᷢЩⶼڽڲ΢ֵĺɫơ

զһ⣬ϸȴЩС

һһķҲŻԹ⡣

ǺЩһֻƣҲÿ

ԲѾû˵ڤֿտǣһ

أ

ͷɢ

Ϥĺɫ̨ٴ

С췣ˡ




28.   28    ֮վֻнף

ɫ̨⣬Ѿ˵һԡ

¡ҹȻڣԲҲڣʱϲ¶̨
ʦ֣㻹ûߣ̫ˣΪѾ

⡣
Բ֪

ΪʦѾ뿪ңת۾͵ڣʦɰɣ
ԣʦֲŻڣ㿴Լб䣬ҲΪȹˣӦ÷ֲˡ
ʵ㷢֣Ҳûʲôɣ
ΪףȻһ°

Բͨͻվ˶档



ɫ桱СʦԺָп󻯳һ䡣
Сʦãȥô˴󲹵ɫò١

ֹɫãڣˣ
ڵڣǸأ
Ǹ޸еĽٶ˵˶ˣ

ֻǡСʦ츳ܶζ򣬻ǵȷ֪İ취׵˵Ͷأ

޲ʳڡ
ϧ߻ʿֻ³嶯

³ɷҹŶһۣ߼ԲΪȷʵڣ
ԲֻվѾƾʵ֤츳ԼһὫʦ˵ծҲҪԼȥȡһԼʽ

ԲЦݣصʵ
ǰȻС췣󣬿ɸҲˡ

ȥҹȡһԼ

Ҳ֪²򵥡

ڵΪ

Բ˶ķ̴ӣһ
ҹȡʲô

*

ҹŽԲһԣܽ˽¡

ԲȻý棬׺һʱɫʮ֣߰˷ϲ⣿

һֱǵĶֱãҹŶ뿪̾ǰ
Сʦãҹŵʲô̫ΣգȫԾܾС

ϵֻû꣬ͼԲɫһģ˷ܺͼһ˫۾ҲΪ˸˸⡣

ʦ֣Ҫˣҹ˵µǰȡһĹ¶ǵծ񣬻⸶ʮƷʯʮ򰡣

ҹͻȻʮı꣬òΪղҿɣ
Сʦû̫Ȼͻᱻסˣһ飬æȰ
СʦãȻȱǮҲΪʮƷʯðΣգȫԾܾΪСϵٴαԲס

Բۿ΢죬ȫǿߣŶĵ
ʦ֣ǿʮôܾܾʮǮǾܽشβʦʦҲ͵͵ѪܸʦϺõĲ굤ҩͻõķ

Բ˵ѪɷԻĲ״ɿѹ⣬ĵ
ʦ֣ȰˣðΣҲһҪȥҲ˵Ѿζ򣬳ɹˣȥɽгԻ경ڣҲֻܴܵ

ȰԲ£ʱɫ󾪡
ɽʲôɽСʦãѲҹǸϸɽȡĹ¶

ѹָղôʣҹŶ˵ҪýԲȡʲôСʦȥɽ
Ҫ֪ɽϿֻӤʿ˵İ

ʶȥҹŵ鷳Բæקס
ʦ֣ˣѾҹǩǻǿ߰ɣٲǾ͸Ҫؽˣͷкüƿ˵ҩƷ굤أһ˴׬ˣȻ޶ңë

ͷɬһҹҾ˾˵Ҳû˵
˵Σ
˵ˣҲ濿ϵȥȡǮƣӦңֵط

СʦÿƲףʵԶ

ǺңվֻнףûСϵ

ͨĶԲһ·
Сʦõȵȣǵȥʦֺʦ֣ߣ

ԲȻͷ
԰ʦֺʦ֣죡

һ˫ɿ죬ԼԼִԻ경ٶȣֻǲͲԣɵĻͷ򶫷
ʦ֣ôͻȻңôϤ֪ȥĶʦʦ֣

£ɿҽڡ
ŵʱתת֪ġ

ŶԲƳһۣδġ

*

ߺԪӽת˳

أƣһȡö顣
׺飬ԲĸҪȥˣ˸뿪Ӥڶ֣һУնݳ

յİ׺һʱ˶˶תͷͳ¥䳯޹ʾ⡣
λǰһҪңˣڶٶ֣زݳ

޶һۣͷ
ģôӲʧ֡

׺黹ɵһԭأߵĺ޲ÿڡ
أ

׺һ˫ֵݳȥ
λƷʯͷҾ˾Իβˡ

Ӥʿʯת˲¥

׺ֱӣq(s^t)rһ
ҲңǮ³֮ҪǵĹ

*

ԲͶңڵĴԵãӵʦ˾ʦڹš

ʦ˾һǻӣû뵽һ²˾ͱ˫ɥ
һ˶ҲΡΡĶţ¶ļ羱֫ȫű޺ۣûһõض

ʦڹŵľŵǻãֵֻıסĵۣһ¹ɿϣ¶ĸ첲ͬҲǱ޴ĺۡ

Ҳ֪ںڿࡣ

Բ̲סۿͶǰֱסǡ
ʦ֣ʦ֣ǵծ񶼻ˣһȥˣ

˾ڹԲţֱң󣬿Զǵĳ˪ͳѩŻȻ񣬺ޡ

ʦˣշתڻϣȴĲ˵ˡ

Ȼ˸顣

Բ۾ͨ߬˺ģ

ϸɽһҪɹᵽĹ¶㵽ʮƷʯ

˭赲

Ҳܣ




29.   29    ҪĿ࿴Ҳе㡭

ʦѰ˿ջʱЪ£Բȥ̵ǮȥɽϢ

ҲȥתͷͱλʦʦΧס˽

ʦɽƽĻƴӻƮȫǲš
ʦܣԲڣϽʵʲôʱڵģ

ǰ̨ϱʱڣղͱˣ

ҪǿŲȵƣɽƽԼ۾

ҪĿ࿴ٶҲе̫˰ɣ

˷׷׿ʼ󵨲²⡣

ʦ˪ɿĵ
᲻̨ʿĴ̼Ƚϴ󣬲űƵСʦףҪҲܶȥȱȣȸϻ˿ˣ

ʦѩһۡ
˵ɣЩ˵ȷڱʱǿƽףҲǿġĹȥҲ֪϶ᱻ˴úܲң

˪

˲Цһš

żλʦʦһһĲ²⣬ƫƫûһ˲µȷ𰸣ɹԽкƽС
ӣΣ
ʦʦ㣬֪Сʦô׵ģ

˵˪ӣһ㶼ȡ
ѩȻ͵סȴҲĶ
û˾ڹҲŤԴ䡣

Ļ̌°ͣ𰸡
ΪǵСʦãڶˣ

ɽƽ
˪ͳѩ
˾ڹţ

һʮ˫۾𰸺תͷ

˪䲻мƲƲ죬ȥԼĵ̡
ӣⰮЦëôûģ˵Сʦ˯һͽأ浱ɵ

ǴӶѾù⣬ֻ²ĵ䣬ȻСʦ˵ҪȥǮ˭ŸմңĽԲжǮ

˵СʦýΪڶ򣬼ֱĿЦ

ѩƣãļ򰲸
ʦܣ֪Сʦýô죬Ƚܡ츳ĿãȷǾˡҲܺܿɹģ׷СʦõĽٶȣڿ϶ûġ

û뵽ûһţɬʦ֡

˾ڹš

˾ۣͷȥˡ

ڹŵǳ֣˵ȴǡ
ʦܣͷҵ²룬ֻš

񣺡
һǰɣҵţ

޺޵ĽݵʦߣѰ˼һСʦûˣһҪ׿˵࣡

*

ԲŸһöƷ굤ǧƷʯ

䶼ڸʿ̣Щɽܻõķʯ˳Ϣ

ϧȥȥȥɽʿڻشβֻһõϢ

Ǿǻشǰ͸ʾؽӤµĵȥɽҩ

ɽҩǻӤµʿôɰɣ
Բһת˻شúŸʾԡ

ʾȻѾ˼죬ΧΧźܶʿ

Բ뱩¶ݣúɫĶñԼͷżȥϢ

ش٣
յţɽµ׽ֲɻԸԶʮƷʯΪͣʿɽҩ򸡻ɽʱаҰҩ˵ʿԿ԰ŻݵشѰҩԸʿýҰ߲ܣ
עƷ⣬޻ӤµʿɲժλҪðͣһ֤ʵҺҩڲڻش۸ֵ꿴

ҩ֣Բ̾һ

ʦȫںҩϣΪһ㣬ʦʦԺûشÿֻܿˡ
ʮƷʯһҪéɽڴӺҩϻʦʦǷÿ

ֻǡشùҳֵֹģܵôشժֲǲĹ¶

ǣ˳·һʡ

ǵĻòǣ

ȻʱôʿɽΪһĹ¶ʲôʮ

Բ

ļ굤ʿ񵥣Ŵ͡

Բ״βںҲ˻شá

*

ޱشõҩʦ쵽һȥﾹѾվʮˣҰġ

ԲƳϤӰ̵ͷ¶ñ

û뵽桢ܿǮ֪Ҳˣˣéڵİ׺ǼʦֵҲڣ

ͷȱǮ˻ѵ찡

ңǼҰҲˣôéҲΣ֣

Բ֪˻شþ˴Ϣ׺顣
׺̾ͺʦ˵˻ֻΪٿһλشüҽԲĿ֡

Ϊ׵ҩ޼Ѿ඼ˣʾƽŹϣſڵ
Ǹ˴͵ҩǣλȻ֪ͣеΣԡ
¹лܣҪǩſɵ飬һɱ㲻ܺڡǣڱ˳

ʿ󣬻ʮʿ˳ȥܿ˶ȻҲѡ˳

µĴǻ굤ںڵʿ

ֵһµĶʮʿδ뿪ɫ΢ɡ
Ϊһ£ж˽Ұû뵽֮»ʿԸһԵġ
λȻ£νúΪʸ񡣡

ţ׺ڵȵᣬȺ˳

ԲŰֱ
Ȼһͼ׺ָڵλô
ҩʦﻹкҩϵҩأ

ʿ뿴򽭰Բڡ
ϧԲͷְȺһʱ侹ûָС
ܽļʿıǣʶ˿

ԲֻಽĴȺ߳




30.   30    ʿ

ԲԴ϶ɫĶñΧţֻ¶ֻľ˵۾˿˫ȫŭ⣬Ű׺顣
éڹȻ޵£侮ʯĹҾͲҿûըԺʯζ

ƾҪͶŻ׺顣
˭ָ˾ͱƾճֵһѹѹ˺鼱֮¾ֻüͳ֣ܳŴһȫ

Բû뵽ǣεѹδԴͬҲѹˣ׺ʦֵҲ⣡

һʱǼĸɫ֣һǹѹˡ
һ
ղȻˣ

ԲҶûù͵͵һƳ׺ɫףȶҪȵ

q(s^t)rѾǸڵʿٲ°׺⼸˵
лᣬһҪݺһΣúʯִģð׺úǼԣ

ѹȻ֪ԵɺĳҾ
ϣǴŵˡϲҩ˲͸ߡ

źȴһϤĻ
ˣȻδ˵˭Բμ͡

ӦǣԲһۣ벻ͨһ򷴸кҩĺϾȻͻȻɿڣȻϷȻ¡
ȻϷˣλԿ£밴˳úʸɡ

׺ûȵ뿴Ĵڣ߽ʿѹѹôݺݵش˽ԲһۣҪӺ뿪¥ϣϸߵſڣԾȻһϵͺȡ

һش߾ߵĵضô

׹ѹ׺벻˫ȹأĳ졣
žણ

ĸͬžʧǰҪȴΪ̫ͬѹǣӶĹ˵ϣ

εѹȻֻ˰׺ˣ

ԲںͷĳǰشԴԹҲһͬ磽ⲻ١
Ϲ֮»Щߵģ׺顭

׺ΡΡδ׹ô¡

Ǽ״ǰ׺飬ҷѾ˵ԸҰ񣬿ǰ뿪£ѵΪ˽Ұ𣿡

׺鷽ʶΪ־µýҰһˣֲ£ŲΪʮȥɽ

׺̹ðţ
ϣСֻΪ˰شýҴԲƭǮĶҰҲڵΪܶɽϵɵֲϴ˴Сһ·
ĸͬżˣҲͣͷġ

벻׺飬µͷ̰ԲںݺһϣǺڶ
ϧƺҲٿ׺СܵĶˣٴαһ
Ȼˣҹȥ

׺鱻ٴڵأ˲ö˾ͺͬѸ뿪

*

û˵ҵģе
ʿǿʼĽʷġ

ԲŵúܺЩʱʱͳΧһȦ

óɫʮֳأмԭĻ굤ߵһҪҩ

ԲİľֵȥʱѾֻʣںͼڵʿ

Ǯ֪Ҳ档

Բһƿôš

ֻһųһŵľͱīֽ⡣

壬ٷһɫҩӳĵ˶ϲףԲһͽס

Բֻúëֱʶͷ

ԹԣϣȻǻʿ

ԻżգѾˡ

ɻûڻشñԴΣĴˣֿ˳ۣǿǽ첻顭

ڷˡ
ǽԲҼǵϴشûڣżգ͵ˣѲϴιΪ

˵ǣϸòزذɣ

Բĵ
غϣżȻԵ˳ġ

Բġʵúⲻ٣˵ͷ
ˣܲǴ˴ϸɽйص飬ͿвģʲôھͿˡ

ͽˣ
СЬ

Բعǰǩ˱ܵԼ˵ĸûͺ϶ࡰһġһ·Сܻ˻

ԭͻ¹ϵĺ
ֻʶ׷ȥϸ½ԲΪٴȷڣһ̾
˵ãѵéϵ˸׵Ӱ

*

ԲʱĶʮѾȺԳɶӣϽɨľᡣ

ԽԽľ

شժֲȻĹ¶

һһ޴ĻϢǾǸɽд췣

ֲҹ˵С췣ʸȥɽĹ¶Ϊ˴췣׼

Ψһο˵ıǣ췣ȻΣգȴὫʿﲻö

Ҳˣɽϻһֻأ
һҲ˴췣ֻܵ

ѹЩʿͿʼţ굤ڵֻһ굤ڣЩʿϺȡ

ԲţĿܡ

ʮʿĸ굤ѾվһΨһڴԲҲкȥ˶顣

µĴ󲿷ڣҲС
ԲȻҲڣɿžССƤͷҲѹû˴

ȵȣԲ۾һڿ˽ŵһˣϲ۾
ǰôҲ

굤һȻҲڣ
ڽûӵӣ
̫ˣ




31.   31    ѣһ׸ô

ʿԲȻֵߵߵһЩǳ鴤

ѵһǸзô
͸зӣԼɡ
ֻǿɲ˵ϾڴѾǾ֡

һʵϳ˽ԲֻҲ֣ղĽԲȻѾڡ
ڣܺƤӣô
һ»ް񣬴˸к
ѣû뵽ҲҰˡ

Բ̤һһĸ첲ɫĹ
ǰǲǻûҵӰҰɣҺģ

۾ֿ⣬˿һĲԸڴ;ϲ

һʶͱܿˣֻԼӦ£ԽԲ
ѣҲˣعͰ񱾾߾֮Ժӣһ˾С

ϽԲȴĶ۴ִš
ǰҲʲô⣬ǻ굤ڣ߲㣬ҲԶʤңԸӵģ

ԲŲʿһ۸ֵͣҪ֪һʤʮų̨Ļ굤ڣ
ȱһ˦ȥҲȱ죡

νĲмڿԱԲ¶

һ˵ģڲԥ
ȻˣԸͽѺ

˸̶Χ˹
ԲŤͷһȻˣǮ֪
ڣѹֻû鵽ӡ

ǮЩĿƣŶ̴󷽵Ĵк
ѣǰ

֪棬Բ΢ɲĵ˵°ͣǴкֵһȭҾ

Բˣ⣬ڡ
ǮѣѻûҵʵӰɣһ𰡣ڣǰѾǻ굤ڣһӮܴģ

֪˭ڽ⻰ûסһЦ˳

ԲûΣһȴʶ߬ȭͷ

Ҳ֪϶Ǹղĸ굤ڡ
˰ǣΪǻ굤ڣӦ˳ӣû뵽붼ûȷܾЦ

һ˨q(s^t)rЦһɱ붯̧֣ȴԲİ¡

ŤͷһԲֺǺǵĺǮǫ׵¶ƶΧ⡣
һ̾һҲɱ⡣

Ǯ֪Բһ˳ӣ뿪ʱһͻȻŽҰҲǵĶ顣

˶Ĳִ٣Ҫʱ׼Լõڶջٳ뿪

*

ԲˣקһشúΨһһҴ

һ̣ܵĲµ˽ԲĴ㣬ҵ˰̣ɫ糺죬ֱӾŶ
ѡңҲùȡ㲻Ȱҡ

Բ۷ŹĶǰһƤӦ֡
ǰģҲϣùȣȻʩʱ̫ˣ

һһɣǶƤ˺ġ
Ѳɽбİ취

Բ۳£ٺٵͷСһӽ
ͼݣһƤϸҶҪˣ⻹ҵ¯һã

ѵ󷽵ˣĵĽ롣

һŽԲ·һϸСʼĥԽ档
ѣѲ㻹Ŷݼ֮Щźͼ֮Шĸһ⼼Ǽ֮Ĳ֮أѵͼйء

û˵;ĳΧɨһȦûʲôʿŷġ
ɵ˰죬ԲأԳĻȷΧöûػ
һЦɴԱĵȺ


һȣ͵ȵɽ

ֱϰ̯ԲŲһĳɹ
һĸ˿дССԲƬ볤Բ

ûҪĶһЩʧ
ѣվҪͲ׼ˣңʮ˱ƽûȣҲν

Բں͵ˣЩҪʮòУŤͷͺһ̾
ǰ벻̵ôˣҴЩʯֿʡһǮˡ

ڷһΣղƮԵĻʱ˼ͷ
Բסǰû˵ʲô

һЦҡͷû£ר£ͦõġ

ԲϵһƬ˫ðĿһ
ǰҪҪҸȣ

һסˣ㡭ȣ
Ҳв²⣬ɿֻЩɢƬͷͷѵŶݼ

Բ˷ܵ
ֹȣҲˣǲ֪ûһװÿӡ󷨣֤ȹȺã߰ǰҸطװԣ

ԭҪ뿪һȺ֡ջ󣬸ŽԲ˿ջ

Բʦʦ㼸ƽֽǧƷʯѩʦ㣬Ҫǰɣȥ˸ڡ

ڣѩװǧƷʯĴӣöδ

˪ļĴߣʦã򿪿һͷһμôʯأȻרŵʯװСʦǳϢˣ

ֹһ䡣
СʦúֹǳϢܶ»׬ңʮƷʯء

*

ʦֽ㼸ʯʱԲҲĸһװȡ

ϱװЩϴѧʱû뵽תۿ˸磬ȻлӴܴ󷨺;ӡµĳԡ

װߵ߽͡
ǰûϵʱֻҪ͵˿ڴܴĹؽһ

Źǿ۽첲ϵİڣһỵ̂ɳһ
ǰԿ

ʱִ̫٣ԲֻҪĹؽںǣļ
յʵĽЩλӦ㹻ˡ

һƤɵۣЩЩתҼ硣

˳ұ۶Ͽڶ̺ϵ󷨻Ӧ

ȻĶˣ

һϲĿ򽭰Բ

ԲĲŸ첲˵ͷ
ǰվԣ

֨֨
Ƥн𣬰̧ģһֻԴֲڵȡ

һȣ˫ųǰһʱڷ

һһ

Υ˫ƽһԽԽɴԭرһģ

֨֨֨

ȻƤĥĿ֨ڶһȴѾ
ָо̫ˣȻʹȽŵоλȴԼͨȺ̾͸˹ȥ

ĸоع̲סۿ
г벻һܵȵ죡

عúøлԲ

ԲȴѾ۲ܵԱϾһ̸㡣
ǰȻ׸⣿Ұȵķݶϣ׸⵱Һòð

һһ
ѣһ׸ôܹ

Բһ٣ɵ
Ǿ̣͡

ʵһʱͽӴAIĿȫУ˶ᣬôֵļô˼Ҫһл⡭ǰ|飡

һ׸ɱʮƤֵǮĶ࣬Ѫ׬ء

һȴȻֵ
У׸̫ˣ㻹һҪ󣡡

Բֻ
ǰڸɽౣһң˵ʵһͦ¹֮ġ

һЦ
Ȼû⣡ҲҸģѻٻҪɡ

ԲԼĶͷһ
м£Ҫǰæ

һؼ֣˵һģвӦ

ԲСһ£ܲܲҪκˣҵʦʦ㣡
֪ԼͻȻˣһͻὫ˲

һӦ£ѷģŶݼ֮±֮أ㲻˵ĳҲġ

Բ·ˣָȼ󷨣׼ǡ
УˣǰӦӦȡճǰ

һɫ
ѣ˵ҲûʽҪ˴ܲ

Բ˼İֱЦ
ǰ治ɶʮ͵Ȼȥˣʦʦǻأ

˵վͶ׸ɿˡ

һԳ̾
պȥһéɽڣʾˡ

ԲܵԼҿͷǰ̵ƿš
ʦʦ㣬ҸǴ׸

Զˣһѽקʦʦǰ
Сʦãʦʦ˵ôڵģ




32.   32    ҹƷ굤ޡ

Բﻹһ׸⡣

ʦʦ˫۾, ʱӣЩȲסҧһڡ
ʦ֣ʲô˵ģǳ׸ɣǰ̫, һ̹ÿأ

񱻼һ, ɲ׸ܰģס߿ĽԲ, ٴαʡ
㽻ôľô˵ѣ

Բһڿˮ, ɿ˵ʵ, ͶȻͽ£ʦ, Ҷ߹ˣôʣ

ش, ɿ֡

ԭɸµʦʦ, ȴ붢ס˽Բ

Բһ׸, ʦʦǶöʱҧȥ

ʦѩ̾, Сʦãôʹһѧˣ

ʦ˪Ҳ÷˼ǰСʦãҼǵǰȻţǴʵʳԽԽˣ

һҲŽԲ, ΢ʡ

ҿʼΧСʦãԽƽ⡣
q(s^t)r㲻һ, Сʦô˳ɺԼһ޶ֻ֤

豭һڣûʽȥԲ
ʦʦ㣬Ƕ׵ġҪǲţھͶǿ

ۣһڲ豻ŵֱ˳ȥ

*

ԲըһɽƽͷһӻƮ˳߳º͵ü۾ȻĴࡣ
Сʦã޵һ;ΪҲԶԴһ·ͬСɣ򲻿ˣ

Բ׸⻹ĵɢ䲻ʦѵ⣬һƢ̲סǡ

׸Żӣ͵¡

ѡʵ˵

ȴΪԲǱѵί뾲

񿴵ͷʶµ˽£һĹȥǿ֣תͷżĶԶʦʦ

λʦ㣬ͷٰһСʦҪˣ

̬α˪ͳѩԭڸԥû֣ͼԲȻųһϤĹ֣

ǹֱǳʱͽյĳ磡

ȻǡĹ֣

Ƕԭأݺݶš
λʦ㣡ˣϽ󰡣

˪ͳѩɿһۣ˴˶ǾκˣȴһͷǰʼڽԲΧ

ԭήҲʦ˾ʦڹŶѾԾסƮڰеĽԲ

ɽƽʶ뿪˻ķΧԲƮ

ʦֽʧʱ׹еĽԲȴͻȻ۾
Ϊʶλϵವһ¾ˣһĻΧ۵ĳѩ˶Ľסڡ

ѩˣСʦãôͶˣôѵõĻᡭ

˪ͻȻ׵Ķ˶ţʦ㣬˸Сʦ׼㹻ˣ

ԲѾ̤ڵϣͳ˪һЩܻɽƽԹ

ʦ֣㼤ң굤ڵ춼ûѧأڶɶðϽ̽ôл굤ڵ죬һΣ

ɽƽ
˪ͳѩ
˾ڹţ

ܣһΣ

ŷ֣ԽԲġըԡѾľˡ
ޱĿɽƽҲһǻ
ʦ֣굤ڵһ治֪ȷСʦˡ

ǸڵĻɽƽ

*

Բûܵõ¶

ɽƽ˵֮ң˳Ĵڽ׵ڣȫС췣ڤֵ

éɽڵĹҪ˳ף벻Ũ

Ծ㽭ԲٶٴΣû㹻޷ٽס

ⲢɽƽҪζ򡱵ľ顣

һһ׸⣬öδꡣ
ԲΧм䣬е׸⣬ȷһҹĶľûԡ

*

һҹ߸éɽ˹̫ೣʶ

ǵһˡѧ桱ۡ

Ҳһη֣ν򣬲޼Ѱȫ⡣

˶֪ǣڲõĽѧ桱ĸ֣ˮޣ᰽糹ϯ

*

ڶһ磬Բʦʦ㼸ķߡ

֮ǰԵ׸⡣

ϧⲢܻ⽭ԲҹĪ˹ڱȱջβͨʼڵռȵʹࡣ

ɴģ֫˫ɣһͷ·һ˰㣬Ͳ֨֨ˡ

Сӻϣճʱ˸ɽ

Ǯ֪Χһҹ֮ȽŵһߣͣȽŵ

һЦǺǵƳ۽Բĵ
˵ҲżȻʶ˼֮һλͨŶݼ׵Ĵܣ˵Ҫϸɽֻʱȡ

Ǯ֪׷¶̾ޡ

Բ͵ЦЦֱĻ˿佱ĸоǲܿͰ͵Ĵ¿ͷ
ҹĺʹడƷ굤޷ֲʹ࡭

ѣ

ͻȻýԲ̧ͷ
ѣôˣ

սҰʱǸڣģ㣬ʱһ˺ɫëʡ

Ҳ֪ΪʲôŨ棬ԲܵЩܾϵЦݶǼ󡭡

ûвԲķֻЦе¶һҩƿ
ҿЩ񲻼ã裬ܺЩ

Բίȴ
лˣôĵҩ㻹ðɣѾˡ

ûм֣תȡһͼʼΧ

ԲʶƳһۣ˲Ųߡ

ĶĸɽͼȻҹŸǷҪϸ¡
̣ûס߽
ѣ벻ϸµĸɽͼɽϳľķΧעôϸ
ֹˮؼֲľˣ

ԭ۵һ˶ʱҲתע⣬Χ

桰桱̯еͼλһûкúôϢͼöشõĵﶼС

ģô׵õ᲻֪
ϧΪҩ¶ԲûشôȻ֣Ҳֻɵͷ

ָŵͼ
ɽɽҰֻлɭȻƽҲɽ롣ɽϹĴŨǴҪСĵĵط

ŨпܳûԲҲ֪Ĵط
ĬĬ䡣
ȪסɳĿӡ±ڡɽۡ

ȻҲ㵽ĸط
ȪλڸɽΪ塣
ɳĿӺͶ±ڶǱؾ֮·һ·ʱҪš

Բˡ󷽡ķ飬Խɣ׷ʵ
ѣĹ¶

˿鷳ЦеĵͼС
ȻǸɽۡһشҶµˡ

شø˵ľ϶иɽµĵͼֻϸһطǾǸɽۡ
¶ò¾֪Ĺ¶

ɴ췣ҲɽۣΪʢ˼ҲΪŨ
ζţֻҲҿɽ۳û

оһԡ

ƽڸɽھۣǷ

˶δֵķһźɫڷٳɽ
ֻҪץֻɸѪһԸҪˣ

*

ɽɭۣԲ˸սһƬֻ֣߰Ʈ

ǹ࣬ͻл꾫Ϊꡣ

ӺСĻ࣬񣬺һڿ޸´£˫ɫ۾һ࣬ͦµġ

ƫƫ˲㴦Щֻ˷ֻ꣬ǳּ·

ԲļƤһԾľʹ۸첲볯һԽԽ

һˣᡣ
ѣ𣿡

ڣԲҲ˵Ϊ꣬˳ڵе䡣

һûĵͷ 
ǰ·ȴŤͷĵĵ
ѣҸһ»ɣϾͲɽϵˡ

ԲܾͼһӣܳĺɫɰպֱƾջһŰƷݸ



Բ̫˵ĽӹӸղžͶڹġ
лˡ

ȻݰͰ͵϶ûӦáǷĹġ
Բۣߵݳʹ̤ȥ롣

Բġ 
Ҳڴʱе»ڵðһů˷ԲһȦ

һĲʱ߼
ϣ»治Сӹ࿾ҾͲˡ

Ǯ֪Ҳߵǰ棬ܿ⡣

Բڵ»֪ķԼ桭

ڰڹ

Բʶһӹȥϣ룬ȴΡ

ǶΪеڶڰŵըҲ̫ûƷˣ

Ҫųȥˣò׵ġݹɾҪˡ

ʲô취ܸģ
ϲߣԶЩҲа

ԲĴ򰡳򣬳»

»ܳȣҲܷŹɣ磬ûеԻ

ȵĹУͨתɹܣǾܵˣ

ǿеģ񻹵оŷ·߲źոôţ

Բ룬ʽ˼

һֱʶй۲콭Բ״΢΢ɻ
ѵԼˣ
ȻûųӦðԲЩ֮Ķ
ʱĹ۲Ʋ⣬һͻἤ˼Ǳܣû뵽Ȼ£

ʧˣջʶЩʧ

ɾһ룬һֵͻȻ澯ͷȻͿԲ»ţķϡ

˾һĻˣ

ŷȻ޻ȼоų⣬˲佫Χ

û˶صĵطʱԶ

Բ쿴棬˫۳ֿҸмĻһЦ
ѣðܷȣܷأ

»ĺҫ֮£ϻűڹĲȻǽοˣȴ졣

»ֻܷȣʲôʱܷŹˣ

ⲻϳ

ʶʲôؼĶԣҪѯʣһȴȻһƣǰ
Сģţ

һ̱㽫ŴˣɽٺȴڸղŵĻ֮С
ͬʱлһɹĲ²Ȼ

ԲǶΣΪôңڲڵĹôûſ

ѵղŹȼ»ע⣿
Ϊʲô
ܲǱ䵽ɣ

Ų꣬Էβܡ

˻عͷ׷׼ӭڵţսһѡ

ŻҺɫűȽԲںɽʱĻҪѸ࣬ҪһһУǻҪЩԸ

ųɢԲŻʢźΧһࡣ
ǰ㾹Ȼ÷

ոտǿ÷ĸ˦޼١˱ʶԸŵʱһȭսžҳһЧ׿Խ

һǺһЦ͵
ҵȻзһ¿ֻ֮УҲã׽ŻΪҲͦõġ

ΪĸýԲ˼ֿʼΡ

ҵ῿ϸ̽̽Բȷ»ڷ⣬ʱԭ
յߣԾ£ˡ

ʣǲʣʰɡ
浽ߵĻȴԲͻȻĴϡ

ѣķֽ𣿡
ﻹһ˿˼ȻúһҪֽ̫á
ͷ֣з꣬ϰ˸ղŵĺ⣬ްЩ

𣬵ݹȥŷֽ
ȻԣֽҶǡ
ֻֽҪֽܲǻɡ
éɽڵķһͺͷݻһ壿ѵ⽭Բ֪£

Զ֪ʶʲôǮҧ˶䡣
Ǯ쿴Ҿ˵͵ѧҪֽ˵͵ѵķ֮

ѣô˵
ҧʵǮһ죬˼Ŀ˿ˡ

֪ȻСȴûǮһ涼ˡ
ϧԲȴŷֽΣʲôû

ֱƲ̫ƣɺ̨ϽԲȷó֪ѵ

ܵġ

»ȻͨƵıûʲô𣬿ʵѾһ֣ŵӡ㿴һܿġ

˵עԲ

ԲӹһԹΪڷֽ˸ι״İƳ

ͽţղһϷ

һɫİ׹ʱĶɽٴ

֮£ԲĿһ棬̾
ѣǷ޵ķҲѧо¾ܻ¹أǲǱȺˣ
Ȼӫֽͨ飬ʡɢΧ꣬ȷ

Բʮ⡣

ⲻ֪˵ȴֱӴסˡ

֪͵͵棬Ҳҧ䡣
ѣ޵ķôѧôǽ͵ȣİɣ

ӦòǡӦһͷȴڿ

ٴγνԲǰ档
׷ϽԲĽŲ̽ʶ۲ɰķ

ȷϹֽİȴ·ͬԴ·ߺ͹ʱ̲ס𾪵۾

ԲȻֹǸţǸţ

ʦͨĴµķ
ȻֻǸͨ¹õȴƷһе·ߣε츳ͨ˵ã

ȵȣòԭͻѣ

һʵ
ѣ֪֮ͨƷڣ

Բµķֽ˼һŸûʲôɫĹҡͷ
Ʒڣûʲôţ

Ʒڶ֪Դˡ
ˣӷҲ֮ڣô֪Ʒڣ

˼̫˼ˣŴȵİٵϣҪһˣ

˫ԽԽԽ¶ۼĿʼ۲콭Բ

*

˴ӱɽ߹һƬֺ󣬺ܿ쵽ɳĿӵĵ̡

ɳĿէȥͻ𣬶ľɭɭͷĻơ

ʵϣЩ±ضǿۼɳӡ

һСĲУеĸػͻᾡӿƴһʳʳ

ΪӺ飬ҲŨ

˶ɫ

Ǯǰ˦űӿ·򴮳һ߸ں棬ʼͨɳĿӡ

ƵĹ⾰£
Сյ꣬ʱ¡

˰ңǮıͻȻһƾնĸػסãԲеȴʱ죡

ãеϮ

Բһ˴ȥ

ȴ˻¹ڷ⡭ŷһ·ǰҲ׹·£˲˶ʿ

ʲôûüͱ˸װ׵ʿֱӴסˡ

*

Ȼ֣Ǿֻˣ
ת˲ʿ̴ԲԾȥֶƣ

ԲɹǸĵޡ
˦һż̵ڻ谵ɫﶼǵķ񰵹⣬룬һ¾Ի۵ͷ

Բͷһζͬ׵ʿ΢ţŲһ㻬ԭأͬʱɿӽȡһ̵ڲϡ

Ի̾λ

һֱڷԲȡľȻǺʯһֵķ̺̾ͷ
ֻҪǺʯ̣кη壿
һ̾׷˹ȥҪڽԲӦ֮ǰս

ԲѾԾһŻ£ƺصûѡãղȥͽͷһ˳ַĻϡ

޼״ϲ֪ǾѵĻᣬһʮɹŽԲͣµӰͺݺȥ

޳һȣ

䣡Ŀ꣬Ҳһ

ȴǽԲʹ

ɳӱеĺ죡

ɳͱ̶޻ûӦͱǧཬӷɽ˲䱻˸ཬ˶

ꡭĽԲȫΧۣûס͵Цһ

û뵽ԼԻ경ͬʿôãཬ޻ԭûӦԲ̽˫ߣʹһ

͵Ϯҹ

¡¡

գۼһ¾ͽƷɺһϣ˹ȥ

û뵽ԼȻսģԲĸɨһȦ

Ǯ֪Ǵ̨ˣҲû·磬ټ϶˺ĬЩҪӮͷ

һǱ߸õģȻȽŲ㣬ȴǸʵʵĻ굤ڣƾΪѹǸڣ֮ϵڣȫ뱣ȫԼµȽţĥĥ䡭

˶õģԲ̳ȥ档

ĵǸֳ˫ӣѻ֮һ빥ϣһǰлܿͱƵæң˵һ̲ɳԣ

ԲʱһҪȽɳ̳һУ˻ȥ

æȻرˣоԼľȻͷʱüͷûɶԭ򣬱ˣ

Ϊģ¿ҪɵһȼҲէ֣һŷֽĳԲл
лѰæ

Բݵڿ籩ҡҷһҶۣƮţشȴԶӰޣ
Ѳлͽˣɫ׶ãЪЪɣ

𣬷ʹ׵ģ
תڣߵһԡЪţĿȴԾּĽԲ

̫ˣΪҲֱ治Բ˿̵ĸλá

޵ɽϵĴнԲȴÿÿ˸գ˾ɾǿ١

Ի경Ǿף

һʿԴĲ
űȾƷãҲѧᣬȥ̽Ƕһӣ

£ͻȻЩɣǲǲͨԲڿӵķ̽ϸ
ùϵһЩ

ǽδ̿գѾԲŭӿһ˸պķɽֱཬʣ

һ˵ԲٶȿҲͰˣȻı̶ǿ벻̣
޵ֳֽŭһ
̫

ɽڲม̾÷ɽӰ

һԵĽԲֱΣգ
Ծԭأն㵽һŻЩ뽣Ӱͳܺըǵ罣

䣡

⽫һţеʱɽǵӺͲ֦޲ĳŻһƬδܽң̺һЦȥ
ҵˣ

䣡
δ֣ɽɳ֮δƬֱ̾Ӵݺϣ

ۣۡ

һǰһɽȷˣһɣתؽҪԲʬһأɻؽɽȴʹȻһ

ã

֪Լˣɽ֣ްʱҵҪɹȥýŸյǿŻǰһͻֶӭ߹

ž

ԲһſֱӾͽ߷ɳȥٻǰڵԼ
ҵġۡ

Բ׷ȥݺݵֲһţ Ľ类̶ˣ

ûϣ˲õ棡

زˣһѪͷŭģڲĵĻ˹ȥ

ԲһޣŲһ
ޣȻըңöÿ죡

ŤͷһһҲѾս֣ѺǸޱϢ

Ǯ֪Ȼڴ򣬵һѾίڵأһ֧š

ѾԾشɨսεǸ˹
Բһ˫ʱЦ
࣬˷ͺãȥǰǸްɡ

û뵽ܴ꣬Ȼϵˡ
ԲͷȡԼ¹ȥžšӫһǸޡ

ǵȻûΣȴҲûùȫףǱѪۣмԵİ˽ȥ
Բ̾һȭŹԽеġӫԾ;ٵһ󣬽յͰ

һɫأǵ޵Ĳʡ
ȷûѣ굤һӶڶ±

ûʪ涼°Ҳһȭڳݲ壬̬ȴܶȻǱˡ

ڻɶԸ굤ڿǿ׵ʿûô״ġ

ֲڵ޻ǣԭΪҲԾǰ編Ƶ㽭Բһӡ

û뵽ԲΪһ㣬սȴûɹ˽

Բĳɫ
ǰ굤Ƕǿµøĵˡ
ǴĿɲڶժ

ǵ޼Բһ˫۾ڰ׹֮ɭɭ⣬ֱΪɱģΪԱæܶ⡣
ɳѣһ֪һ£ֻҪԸңҾͶǣ

һһȭͷȻû˵

˵ĵ۰һҪεȴԲһӫϣ۵ĵʱޱȡ

׹£Բйɸζ˫۾ҲƺΪɱĺ⣬ݺݵıʣϽʵ׻ʲôܣ

޶߶£ڽҪ¡
굤ǶӡѾڱؾ֮·ĩã޵ 

ĩžͲʲôö
ԲһʶͳԼᡣ

裬ϯ£·ϵȷЩζȴֻˮˮӵζ
Եľֻǳڷò굤µҩζ

ɫصĿ
ĩɫζŲģȴֻҪ˳֣ԼԶˡ

һ߬ȭͷһƻӳʯҹ۲첻ϸĩû֡ĩֻиճϰϴЧ͵õԶɢǼɽ

˶ӹ󣬶

ԭɽȡҩݾ͹Σյˣټֱۣƶİӣ

̫ˣԲ̲סֲ֣뿪ֺȺ껹ں棬ԭΪۣ

һֱΪȺǿöԸŸģȻΪĩջ̫Ų뿪

뵽ԼЩԴԵһ·ԲȭͷһҪȥ

ô죿ҪȻֱɽ֪Ѿ⡣
Ǯճң󣬵ȷȱǮɼɽžʮƷʯȷˣǰҪòС

ȴͻȻڵ
ʵи취һԣ˵ĻǾ͵ɽա




33.   33    ϾéɽڱȽ

İ취ǸĵȪ, Ӻɽɽ

˼ȿԱܹ굤ʿӵķƿ±ǸΣյĵطȵȪ, ȫȪˮ, ȥ۵Ӱ졣

һԣɫ, յҲްµ׻գǾɽ, ҲõĹ¶ɻժȡ, Ҿû⡭
ˣòԼİ, Ǿأ

֪ЩԥĵɽȪ, ·ҲΣյĺ, һֻǮ, أ

۽, һøøĵȥȪ
Ǯ֪ȥȥУðգԶ뿴򽭰Բ

Բ޳ɵĵ, ѡȥȪ
ȻзۣȻҪɽ
ϾǹϵʮƷʯĴֻΪ۾˳Ҳ̫ϧˡ

, ɴĴӽͳĴ̡
λѣʵûۣҲ£ҸƳһ׿м󷨣ֻҪǴϣʱϢ񣬾Ҳ£ˣҲܱǼ굤ڿ죬ʱҲȵ汳ģ

Ϊ۵¶Բ굤ں޵ҵᣬҪ
ĳԻ경汾ȻֻһԵģȴö鼫ʣȻҪסһ¡

ĸսԲĽܣĴɫ졣

档
˿üβһɲԾļ۾һգգĶŽԲ̵
ѣԭղܵô졭Ϊ̣
ԭԲܹٲزΪΪ̣
˵ֻҪ㵽̣ܺͽԲһӰȥˣ

Բ˶ͣûнԼҲٲزܵĸ죬̸ֻʡˡ

֪ȴЩм۽Բọ́ĵòĶ͵ѧģ뵽óһС͵飬
ѣҾͲˣǺܿܵȪʱݵˡ

ǮһǶ˹ȥ

Ǯ˽ⲻ࣬÷֪ͻͽĹϡ

һԴĽо£Щŵ
ѣЩѵͨΪۣﵽԻزЧ

Բû뵽ǰȻ󷨣̸˵Ӧһ
ǰǰԭǰû뵽㲻ʮ־ͨ󷨣

Բʵͬµĸоһ̽󷨡

ϧһҲֻ
Բƨĵĺܲڣһ죬֡
ˣĶĶЩܿǽѣ츳ǰéɽڣȥĸɣҲһŵӣ˵ѿгһΪéɽҪİݵ˭£

Բһ㶡
Ϊܸİɣ
ô֪᰽绹ϰףѵһΪʦΪʦĴô

治¶ۼҲ뵽ۡ
ѣȻǾ᰽粻˸Ż¶ƶ䣬ΪֳҲûмĺķǿԸĻŵġ
һ㵽ֵزĵޣ츳׿Ȼ֮һʵţֱӳΪ״ӶпܵġѣҪҪҸ·ҩڵĸڰ

Բɴҡҡͷ
лˣҾéɽͦõġ

Ȼ񻹺ܺ±ʦʦǿԾԴʯĴʱλʦʦԲ֪Ҳ޷éɽϵˡ

ѾéɽڵԼļҡ

ԲĺȤϧզ࣬ĵٶ˵䣬ܽܵԼҵƷˡ

*

˸ĵ֮Ϊš

ɽɽŨЩҲһһ

ţ㻨ʱų׽

ͷһ˦˦ĽԲݺݺ˿޲ھ͵Ȫݽȥܺùһ·ֻ

ٿͬĸһһǱ

һΪ˲𺦵ԼȣԶս޴

һʼֻûɶսƣߵ棬Ϊ˲׻ˮͽԲ¹Ļһһ䵱ƹ⡭

Ǯ֪ǻãҲЩ


ɽЪʱ䣬ЪӦò

һɨ˵ӣڵɫ磬ҪȻȥͼǴҵЪӦް

ҵؾƬͷ˶Щˣ׷׵ͷӿŲ

ԲȴʱͻȻ
ȵȣ
һʶųֽڣ

һ֪ԲԤ£׼

Ǯ֪һۣҲ˴ȡ

зʱ֣һҶĦΣԽɫ

ɵһȴνΣճ֡

Բڲͣ
ȷΧΣ𣿡

Ҳ˵Լĸо룬سĸ֡
Σա

ţ
˵ΧΣյĶⶫûпǣ

Ѳʲô
Ƭ̺׷һ䡣
Ҳ֪̽Σյɷ˿̺޶

Բоڲԥ죬ڽ󳷵
ΣգСЩɣҪȻֱȥȪЪ

˶Ӻͷ

*

뿪󲻾ãкƴҵϷ𣬾£һۺ

ѭſԵζתתζһ·£ȥȪ̵ת򣬳ɽƮ˹ȥ

Ʈü֮Ҷ֦ʯȴԻһƬۣһѹӢɢ糾

*

Բں뿪ҵغòֹͣԤ

ȪҲڵˡ

оգ˳ˡһ˿ѡõط̶ˮ̺ͽԲĶ
ѣֺҲݽȥ𣿻ɣ

ԲҲĻ
ǰ|ɣȻͷǮЩòϣҸһײˮݵĵֺȣ

һʱ˼ĲЦǾͶлˡ

Բٺٺ٣ҲЦرֿǰ̫ˣһǰأɶ

һɫ΢ĵԲǫ顣
ҪԼˣ
ոշĻͣǲ

ҲλȪС

ԲΪŮӣ֪ܿĸ׳̫Ѱ뼸ԶЩλš
ȪɭһžЩ£Ȫˮ޶ȣ˱ɴ
ѣܲҼŷֽºڣЩ䣡뻭»¹

ವһ¾ʹȪˮĳȥԽֽ˹ȥ̬ʮѸҹ

Բ̾ٶȣˢˢŷŴһۡ
ԴӴڣһǲϰ߰

һ¹Աʯڣһ»ŵﱧڻеů¯Ťͷ滹վһԡ
ѣ£

Ȼ£ʽԲֻһ»ѧˣ
»ǰֱԴ¹
Ҫǣѹɷһʶ͵գڳʮϷ޶˿
̫̬ˣ

ļʣСʡ
ѡԻ̻ж𣿡

ԲɵĶæ͡
ҾǾý̼Ϊ̵ͨҲò٣ױš͵á
ʵԭȻܹ֮ڣΪ˱ֳԼϿɽԲջĳ⣬ݵʮ

¹Ͷãã׹ӡڽԲϣյ˫۾ԽԽЩԵ
Բǿаסԭ̣֪ǮһףȻֻһԵ̣һҲףγҲû١

찡û뵽һͷϵ̻Ǯոǰͳȥף
ĺʹ
ʵ߽˱ԣ׬ǮĻᶼˣԺһҪѣ

Բ΢΢ͷ̬Խ᲻Щ̣ԥһָͷ

ȻһƷʯԲüͷʮ⡣
ңǶʮ׻ķӡ̶ʦʦõȫǴ̵͵̡
һһٶҲʮƷʯ
ͷӴͨʯһӡ

濪۲ʣԼû㣬Ͼⶼһһ̳ġ
û뵽ȻǸ򣬳־Ͱ̵ļ۸ʮ

̴Ӧ᲻Ե̫㣿
ȻʱѵѾǸˣû˴ŵһʱʮ׶⡣
ܵи۵Ĺ̰ɣ

üͷûдӦڵԼٳǲ̫۸񣬺˺һ
ӡлӤ̵ļ۸ʵЩЩ̶һԵģЩǮӦ޷ɣ

ǧƷʯһףΣڵ

ԲǸ˵ͷסˡ

ĴȪˮվޱȵĳһֻ֡
ҷᡣ
ѣ벻ʹ죬ǿԽںϵ˵ɣҪףҶõó

棺Ѳ˵һײô

Բ治ɫĵһȻףúһ룬ʱأȻҪЩҲûʲôϾéɽڱȽǮ׬ܱûǮã

ʹʮף֪ȻһԵģȴúüʱһԻͶӰ֮л磬п׬ˡ

ԲתƷʯҲԼѪ׬
Ͼԭȣ۸ٱأ
༸ķ򣬾ҲðΣϸɽֵطǮˣ̰

*

պ˸ԴȪˮ

һķ֣ԲĹϵЩˡ

ΪԲüη׺ˣ
ܾʱһ㾴ңҶĬ
ˣйͬԡ

һջע⣬ɽ

˭ûֵĽ䣬һŶߵŮֳΣҲȥ
q(s^t)rүүﶼ˵ҲһҪ֤




34.   34    аħ˵ö֮

Ϊ۵µ, Ȫ󣬽Բ˼ӿٶɽ

ֻǲŸչɽͿɽͻȻӿһյİ׹, 漴ɽ, һƬ

׹ۼж, 󷨲Żеֹâ
ôΧ󷨡

Բ̵Ǵ췣󣡡

ճھ·ɣҹŷ˵µʱֲŻ, µ׻, ô͡ѵɽϳˣ

ȻҲ֪Щ飬ӿ췣Ϊ, ֻµײŻ֡᲻ȵǣ

ߣϽȥһ, Խӿٶȡ

*

ɽԱɽҪ, Խɽ, ΧĻԽ, ֻʣƬݵĻɡ
ؽ˪ĻɫҶɽһ硣

Ŀ

Բ»ھһƬֺ󣬴췣ڳ߾ͷ

ǶɽڰµĴ󣬼վҲܸܵɫϴϢѹ

Բ뿿õٴʾ
ˡ
оյĹ, һɼ伱ٵƵʣ

Σգͻһֽ̳£ڡ

Ÿվ⴦ʹһ޴ĺ, ֱֱڣ

䣡

ɫâԴ췣ӿһײھͽѹһ״ȴڼҪӿʱ򣬿ڡ

汻һ£ǶҪˡô췣һֻ

ǰ𣿡ԲȻᶨĳŷ۾ȴҪղգֻһϸ
û뵽ɽۣ˴򶷡

˵£ﻹǻһµġ

һ˿ҵЩƽУҲǿ۵ġ
ԲȻǸ󷨺ͷţȴǸҪˣȻҽ׵ڣ¹ӣҪ·²ħ

Ͳһˣ¹ҲûʲôħҲһʱءǽԲǱһ̽ˣ

ǱһԲѯʣɿ쿿۲£ҡͷ͡
ǰӦǺںɫŶԡ

ԲŹ˹ȥȴڿǵδɢĺɫ˲ͲԾ漴ɱ⡣

켣ϵãԲһһĴＷ
ʶʬɽӤڻޣѪϹ֣

ΪƵѪɷɱ󣬽ԲÿһѪϹۼо

ⱲӶ켣

벻ۣڸɽѪϹ֣

һ˲䣬·ٴλصʯĴʱ
ĺͻɱҧʦ־͵ڲԶһϢ
ʦֱŰɱת޹
ʦʦҲˣԲѣ

޹δȴö˶˵ߣܵɽɱ

Բɱ⣬ٿǰʱȻη壡

ԲԽԽصϢһľʶͽ첲˰
ѣȲҪ

췣һ𣬱ֻܽܳΣأڳȥ

ԲһѸƽ顣
İǰҲġ
òѪĻᣬһҪ׼ȫɱѪϹ֣

һס̿ʼԲߡ

Ҽǵʬɽͱ¶ѪϹôɽģ
ҿԲӣѪϹйɳ𡭡ô֮ǰ¹ʬɽ

Ϣͨ͵
ʵʮǰŸھѾʬɽ͵͵ɽֻǽƻթ¶ӻɽϣ֤ݶٵĸɸɾѰͷ

Ȼ˶񶾼թ֪Ѫӿһ䡣

˼ʯĴʱѪϹֵΪԲȭͷ
޵ΪȫϰѪϹֺܿΪֻģ

²һڣ˷׷׵һ

Բȴݣֻзɿ鱨
ѪϹǻӤڣԶԸף϶췣ڵ췣֮ԸԲŻǰ󷨡ûϵɽϲֻл굤СԼ˲Żڴ

һоݣϸղǵҲ֤˽Բ˵˷׷׵ͷ

֪̲סѣ굤ڸղŻǵڴǴɲؽȥˣֻڴ˴ãȥˣ

ͬգ⻹ǵһ֪ԼϿɡ
ԲĿһۡ

֪΢εŤߣаħ˵ö֮Ѳ˿ҡ

*

̶˰취̾ͽԭز

췣ڻںŸɫâ

ԲѪϹǵѪɫϵĻϣԼԶʤж١

Ի󲽷ӵȫûġ

ɱѪϹ֣Ͳˡ

ڴ췣ڣҲϣ

ٶɱ⣬Ĳ¡
Բ£Ұ㣡

Բ΢ɣԴҲ£ξƴˣҲҪʦʦǱ𣡡

*

ɫްɽĻҶʼֵɫǳһĻƺɫҲǵİɫй⡣
ϡдӴ췣ڴһ֮ɫ

ԲϳѪɷɱ⣬ʶеһ̡

ѪϹõĻۡɱĻ͸ˡ

굤ܺľһ㣬ɹʾаٷ֮ʮˡ

*

굤ڶѪϹһʱڵĶ

է겻ʵĺ঺Х췣ڳ׳

ӦѪϹӮˡԲ΢ɲ̾һ

ǻӤڵĹޣΪǵл굤ܶԸ˵ģ

һصսȭͷ
ڽȥǲȥһѪϹ淴ø졭

Բ˶ҡĿ⣬ɴѰȫĵطܱܷͷĹ¶Ҫպų죬˵ʱתأ

ȷ

һͷӦ档
ʱҲֻˡѣɽ۸ɻѹεؽ磿

˷ָ
ɽ۱һƬѩýѵԻţСЩӦްġ

߰ɡ

˺ܿ쵽˺ѩԣ֪˵Ҫ浽Ҫʱ򣬻ǺƤ˽ԲһԻ̡

Բ뾲һѡ˸Զλš

ֻȥûãĴϳԻ̣췣ȥ

ܿգΪ˰һˡ

ҪɱѪϹ֣ھõĻᣡ

˰ֻøһҪû֮ǰ֣

*

С췣ľǰԲܿѰһ˿©롣

췣ڹȻѪϹֲһѪɷɱ

Ϥĺں껹ھѾҲΪһĳԲȻһ㶼ˡ

ֻǡ²꾹ȻʯĴʱѪϹֻ˲޹

Բ߬ȡѪɷԻĿѪɷɱ󣬴ۺڣ۴ϲɫ

۾Ȼû䣡

סȡԻϣ룬ɴཫģһֻꡱӣƮ˽ȥ

*

Բ̤˲䣬ں۶ѪϹ־۾ϸ̽ĵطȴֻһ־ɵԭε

˼Ƭ̺ٴ˹עǰĺɫڡ

ٽˡ




35.   35 (׽)   ڣ

ꡱԲͿʼѪɷɱԵת, Ѱİ취

ѪϹ֮굤ڣȫѪɷɱڵӳɡ

һûڻΪͻᱻ췣Ȼѹ굤ڴԲ, ʱӮʹˣ

ԲһƮ, һŴĸֿܣڷ󷨵ȷͼеһģһ, ̽׼õʯڸ׼ʼ

ھĳһʱķһĻɫʯӡ

ѪϹ־ǽ۷ŵɫʯ, űáʯ˸ӡ

ʱô, òỹɫʯӵ۰ɣ

ѵǼźʯûܵɣ

󷨲ź޸Ķ

ԲƮԭԥ˲վʲôûļƮԶ

ûʮİգǲҪ, һݾ߾Ͳˡ

*

ڽԲαװɡꡱƮʱѩ, ֪ҲεˡԲߡ

ѣ

Բ, ֻǲԼ, ԥ˲, ǽ˵˳

ѣǡ
ǰ̨ϣ͵ѧˡ
ʵͦõģҺǮѵΪӡ
ֵƵķ׳
֪Ȼ۶̣ȴҲ֪ˣ˳ժĹ¶, Ը⽫̸õķֳٶһ֡ϾҪ󷨣Ҳá

֪ƴ֯˵ǣ˵Ķ϶, Կ꣬öû˵ꡣ

Ҫ˵ԶʯͷڡһðһͻȻԴ
һ
λ磬ôô˵Ҷôˣ

֪ĵŴˮͻȻСѾͷ

ǽԲǸȫİʮС
˭ôģ

Сһ·βĻء
ԼѾˣز˵ľ죬ɴС
ҽлأΪ˺ģ

˵վһָͷָ򽭰Բƴˮϻ򵽡ԲϣáԲӶĭ㡭ˡ

֪
Сѿ

ǰˣѲˣ

*

ԲѾڴ췣ƮСʱ

ΪԼ꣬ƮٶȲ죬㽫õķ˳Ѫɷɱ

ֻҪѪϹַǰƽµʯ󷨾ǳˣ

ѪϹụ̂͸ոɹʱˣ

ԲͷͻȻĿԤ
Բܣ

ˣôͱˣ

Բʱëֱһ겻еĹٶƮԭأ

ŸƮԭǴȻըһź˲佫ΧλƬںΪޣ 
ԲٴƮԶɸƮ£Ȼֳһ֮˴̾Ͷˣ

 
ѪϹִɳƵȻڲڳڽԲǰ

һϤںĻӰ

Ҳ֪ΪΣεûúȴŷЦϰ̺۾ѿӵĿŽԲ
Ȼģյǲ

ԲĶãͣѾֳΣһ˫۾ԣηӭѪϹ֣䡣
ѪϹ֣²Ͱˣ

ѪϹַЦıΪ仰Ȼס˲ǰ£

ʱʬɽϾл꣬ȴв۵ĵڸϹ壬ʯĴѪɷɱ󣬴ûȪһֻٹ

û뵽ôͷֻȪѣ޸˳ڣ֮һ첲

֮£˴˺ѣͣڻӤڲö

˼ԲϢǱУټϤɫۣѪϹڶ˺š
ǸڣѪɷɱ󶯵ֽţ

Բ𴽽ǣǳʹĳˡ
Ҷֽţôʯըζɣүǹƽģ
ѪϹϵұۣЦ

ѪϹֵ۾˲ŨŨĶɱģһסԲĲӣ㽫
ΪָڽԲĲʱӡ
ҸڿӣҪǧУʬΣ

ȿȡȣ
ԲǿŲ䴫ϢУѪϹֽᵽƽʱĺһ

ڣ

һֱڸŸնѸٴԸĻɫʯͷϣ

ֻأ죬̱㿪ʼը

䣡

ĺըѪϹֵʶһɣȥѪɷȴѾڱըпɼȥ

ˡ

ˣ

˽Բ̾

ûѪϹٷӦȻ̧˫ۣ˫֮ϣݺݳѪϹԼӵȥ

һȥʣһ첲Ҳϵ

ǣ



һһʹԲѪϹֺݺ˦赹ϡ

ղŻ̵ѪϹ֣˿ѾʹѵĹһԣУ

۱У۳ɸĽǶȣſеѪԵÿɱɲĺʬ

Բһ·ԱߣڵĴֻüҸ˿Ż鵤ٻתԻ경ʧԭأ

ĺѪϹ֣һ˿и

ֱʱŷӦѪϹ֣ʶӽ̽һᦳϵĽԲȥ

Ҫɱ㣡Ҫ޹ǰ꣡Ļʬ޷

ӭǣ˲͹ЮסϵĽԲȴھͬʱ˸ա

Բԭˣ

ѪϹĵã̾ҪᦻػԼȴϻᦸչϣмϤİĻɫʯͬ

ǡʯ

ѪϹֵʱɫ󾪣ȻһͽŻɫʯٴ˳ȥΪб䣬ᦺԼϵԷɣ

Բȵľһ̣

Ѿ棬ѪϹֵĿƣ̱һ



ޣ㣡

䣡

ŻһǰĻѪϹֵϣ˲ͽƷɣݺ˴췣ϣ

q(s^t)rۣ

ѪϹֱҵƨq(s^t)rһܿƵ³Ѫ΢΢㶣ɻӳȥĺʯôûըӦԼԲƭ֮ŭӿ

Ծ𣬸첲ǡϢ죬Ȼת۾ͻָ糣

ѪϹֵǻӤڵĻޣΪ췣ѹڻ굤ڴԲҲı䲻ΪȽԲ߳󾳽ʵ

Բ۶ϵĸ첲һ˵ʲô
ޱ޻ǣֻҪƾ֮ʴڲĿƣеת۾Ȭ

ԲҪٻػᦣãץٴϣ

䣡

ٴλѪϹ֣ȴһգڴ췣ϣһ׹

ѪϹֵӰȻȻ仯һźʧԭأ

ٴμԲתҪ뿪ԭأȴϸŤͷӭ־ᦵѪϹ֣

ҲңЦ

ѪϹֶŽԲϵһЦûٸתԻ경ᦾ;һŨѪɷ֮Ϯȥ
q(s^t)rΪʲôⷨ츳ǿЩ

ɷϮ棬ԲֻüסҪ漴ϵ̱ؽضϿɢ䣬תۼͱʴ

ǧƷʯޣһ

ԲĵԲ۾ͻľһϤ󷨾ӡ

ˣ
飬Ի壬ڴ˴Ի󣬵ܻ켣

Ȼ˺ӭϮᦣ
һԾ䣬Ͳȵ𲽵λ

䣡
ĻǰŤתǶȣ˿յϣ

ܺãһϡ

Բȫ٣һͲ诡λϣ

䣡
׷ѪϹÿһݺ£ÿһȴûӰ˷λ
һ˿պ

Բһ̤ҡλͣ

ûٶ㿪

ѪϹΪľٴЦž𻯹ᦳ׷ȥ

ˣ
¹ͻȻ¹ԣ⽵߷λ

һһ΢糾ȴݺӵ˲ҡ⣬Ѿ˵ԲǰѪϹֿڣ

أ

ѪϹһݻûܴ򵽽Բϡ

Ϊƾնڣ

ҵȻһ죬ʱҡҡ׹

ʱ䲻ˡ
ҲҪľˡ

Բź̾һĵԼǼûϵѪϹֱΪѸ٣

һƷ굤£ǿ飬ٴʧԭأ

أ

ѪϹٴ׷ȴûץסԲһƬ½ǣ
ᦿմڵϣɢƬƬĺ

ѪϹ̲סһŭ
أȥĶˣ

ԽĽŻڸ
ɫ췣ڵϢһƬңȴʼûܱƵýԲٴ

*

أȥĶˣ

췣⣬Χվںѩԣɫء

վǶ棬ŭĲҲǲá

ԲǺһժĹ¶¶Ƕ֪ǻǲĶѰøʧˣ

СѾͷָժöĸ˵ɫĺ

ʶãԲܳ£ֻǱŵɽˡ

ȴһԣԶ
̫Ծ췣Ǳж

һΪ굤ڣ֪ͱͳ췣˹ȥ
ʱÿһϤϡ

ư׷ǰףǻ°ɫ

ǡѵһɫ󾪣̾ҪȥˣȴβǮ弰ʱס

ǰǧҪ£˵͵͵һԼĴ㣡óȻȥ˵ҽѵļƻ

һδǻδн侲
ãҾڴ˵ţʱп֣ܳǼȻغѩš

˻Ӻ󣬵ͷӦ¡
ãȻȥʱΪޣͨϢ

á

תתӣװҲ˺ѩȴݽˮ̴ˮ͵͵Ҳ˴췣
ҴүүǬŲʲôޣԲܽȥҲܣ

*

ʱ֣к˿˿ڴɽɽ۴ֻƮ췣󡭡

ǺȴڹػҶʴһƬƬϸķĩһ紵ɢڿС

ʱ˿̣췣ڣԲеҲ𣬷ѽԲ

ˣǰ

Բüͷ壬ֻ©ƫҹꡣ
ѪϹֻûɱֵƻٱһˡ 

Ϣ䣬ɴöδж

һߣͣسյػѪϹҲԣվɫصĿĳ

ɫ췣£ſϸϣȴܿһ˿ֵļڻƮڡ

ѪϹֻһ۾ϳǺǰ

һϵĶڳˡ

ܷ˳ȫܲץֻˡ

ѪϹٹ˲ýԲᦽԼһҲʧС

*

ǺƮãĳһΰȫ̽ھƮ˴췣ڡ

һƺͬʱڵʱͬˮأʼ뱩Ű

ԲͶ˿ĲԶ

ΧͻȻʼŰҲйʼȫϢⱩ
Ϊ˱ͬƵ|ջָЩֱۿɼĺֻϢʱѾٴ

ڽԲΪԼҪ֧ŲסֳʱȴȻָƽ

ǡˣ
Բµĺ
뻻ȫλöţͿһźƹ˷Ʈǳɫ۵ǰ˸֫ģɭĺɫӰ

ǿ֮ʯİʴɻңԲҪֻֻһûʲôӵͨˡ

ǰ
Ϊʲôź͸࣬Σ

Щ֡

ԲֱĶ̫ԾҲûͨһŻ鵤ȹ̺κٴξ䡣

*

ǰκܼΪתһȦ

彭ԲڵķλɼͣһºȴʲôûתƮԶ

ԲþֽӣƮԶʱ뿪ԭأ

ʱһ̿ն汻Ķ˲䴫 

ѪϹ֡Ȼ԰ֱӳˣ

ʲộ԰ʱ򶼺η塭

ԲɵĿǰɽ¶

ǸɽߵˣΪưθߣδɢֻܿЩɫۼ
ϣĹ¶Ӧþͷ

𣬹ӰѪϹֺͰûȡ
ڹȥʲôôֲˡ

ȻĺɱѪϹ֣Ȼֲһ˿ôͻƿڡ

ԲҧҧɴðŷտģһƬҶɽƮȥ

һƮһ˼Ӹղ͸оֵļɵ㡣

˵ѪϹֲѪɷɱΪľʳ
ˣȴûɱ󣬷ֱȥ

ѵвδΪɰ
Ϊʲô

ƵѪɷɱ󣬽Բɫһ

ѪɷɱȻһһá

׼ٻ

ǰڵһ·ʬɽѪɷɱڻ׽˱ٻĹФţڡ

ѪϹ֣ʲôıɣ

ԲԽӿҶƮٶȳɽȥ

ɽ·ϽںɫѪɫۼЩȴЩ޺죬һѪ|Һĺۼ

ԲƤʶµ˽ῴ¡

ȻûƮԶǰһߡƲʬ塣

˵ʬ嶼Щˣ֫ѾΣѪۻֻʣ³ɸɵĹǹѪڣĻݸһ޶

ԭɫĳҲ˺ɲƣһƬһƬɢƮ

ϵ·ǻشЦһǸ굤ʿŵġ
պлҪݺһ٣ǰ

û뵽ȻѪϹɱˡ
Űɱ˲ҡ

Բ̵תߣȴҲԽԽᶨ롣

ΣҪɱѪϹ֡

Բļӿٶȣַʬڵִɽ¶

¶Ȼĸɾ

ֻһݵĲڵأңңɽھ

һ԰ȥӾԱߡ

ԲƮȥﻹһʬ塣

廹üĿ꣬·ֻ˯ˡ

źǰ£˵ȷ֮˵ƮԶ



ǡһϮɵĻҶĻϣԲ˳ϣȥ

ҲƤ̫⻬ֻµʬ̫꣬ĳһȥͻȻգɼһͣʲô䵽

ž
𣬽Բͷһ 
ˣСĸ
ϲܴˡ

Բɿת˲άһƬҶеġǡŤͷŷƿɽ

ȻǲԼ֮ߵô죬Ǿµʬʱһɤµʵ

*

ԲܿƮɽ档

ǰںѪϹֺͰȻû
ΣյĵطȫŴϢ֮٣ȫ

ƮԶѡ˸깵׶׺á
Űɫ⣬ڿ˱µġӡ

ԭǡӡ

һ״ƵĺΪҵϣѾϸܵơ

ѹֻᱻ辡

ֻĻôô죿

ԲһƷ굤£۲ǰ

*

У䵽˵ײ

ڴһͬʱһ˿īĳҲںڷ˸

ڶңңעӣ˶ԷĴڡ

˲ýԲѺӳȥȴ´ŵˣǰͺңңš

Ҳںھ΢

ɣʧڲ󶡵ĺڷԼںδ

Ҫʱȴһưס

ưǽԲĳοѪĨµѪ

ֻһ˿ѡ

ȴ˺ڡ

ˣڰ޶




36.   36    éɽڣ

ѪϹֺͰƵ൱, ʱںڿзų췣Ĳ䡣

ԲѾָ, ɫ
˵Ļٴȥ, ɾҪˡ
ʱûӮ֪Լȴ, Ѳصú޺ۼˡ

Ҫô뷨ƿ췣ӳȥ
Ҫô취ѪϹֺͰͬʱˣ̵

ܰһѾͺˡ

뵽ĸѣԲڵŲŲӡ
, Ҳ֪ǰûзҲˣʱܽæ, Ǿٺòˡ

*

ҲǽԲԸүˣһվȥ

桢Ǯ廹֪˶վһ, ɫصĿںں˸

ǰĴȥǰҲء
ɬ, ˵ʲôо

Ӹղ֪ԲԽ˴췣ں, , һֱ˽Բ

ȷС, ȴʹȻµǰʱ򣬽ԲʵȺܶ˶

һ΢ͷԼϰյֺš
ǽԲ֣ⱲӶûٸܵȫȫš

̧ͷĿᶨ
λ, ѾȰˡѶһڣԻ, Ҳٲά裬ѵĺܣΪߣȥܰæġ

뽭ԲʧѾĸʱٵȥĻ⡣

Ǯ˼ã̤ǰһ
ǰҲһȥн̣ҲֲǣܱһҪǿЩ

֪״Ҳڵ
ǰҲȥɡҺǮϹˣһϣ϶ǽȥҪõöࡣ

Ƕ̬Ҳ̤ǰһ

β˵һѾ̧֡
λãһȥһ𺦣пʬ޴棬ǻԸţǾһȥǲԸ⣬ҲԽ£ֻ߱ǣǵУǽ棬ҲҪѡ뿪ġ

˻ӣͷһ档

ĸ˴췣

ڶеͻȻʲô촫

ףǸأ

*

ܽ췣ˡ

ֻϧʱ̫ɣ˻򶷵ѪϹֺͰ

ֻ֮¾ֻܶǬϵùİ̵Ƚ

ĵҲȲ򶷽ʱͻȻǬ

ડžžžડ

Ϊģ

ɫ󾪣ֻΪԼѪϹֻ߰ˣ뵽Ǳ֣ôܻôᡱѷʽ

ʶ̽ȴûڸӰ

˼ѩġٽԲĳ

ǽ𣿡

Բ²ӻӦ

ŷֳĵطƮһƬָ׸ǴСҶ

ȵ۾ʶʽԲôġ

ҶȴǱԶƮƮ

㹻̱ŽԲǬŲ˹ȥ

˾һƮһŲܿŲ˽Բǰصλá

ʱĵѾһẠ̇Բһֳ̤ΣصĴ󱿶֡

ɣѾ˸׵ԻѪϹȣֲǡǰѣǡ

ƳĶûԼߵŮޣԲգգ۾
˭ʲôʱ㵽ģѵҲ˻شõͰʯ

ؿѪۣĽԲŬŬͣ漴Դ
ǻأҼҲûȱʮƷʯأҸΪҪ󷨵ģ

Īд󲡣

˱󷨣Ȼֹط

ԲҲĽشһ顣

һƷ£֧䣬һͼֵơ

ýԲ϶ٿʶ뵽ͬŲƵ档

ţԭϲ߼£Ҫô֫Ҫô̸಻

ɿЦеĿСء
ԭұ󷨰

ز¶ۼĳɨһȦ׵ԻԼǸ˿
ô𣿸ò˰ɣ

ԲЦĳϿ۾ŵǹζԽŨء
ĵ󷨣԰ͦġ

ؿɼĴסˡ
ʲô˼˱󷨻ҪǮ

Բһ˶Լ͹߽ƶĵۣ̾
ƵѣҲˣéɽڣʲôÿǳԺ
󷨣ҪôҪǮըһطôҲҪǮ

֮һ仰ҪǮ

û뵽˾Ȼ̹ȻİԼ״һСʱͨ죬ò׼һ仰
ҪǮԸұȣ

찡ȻϹˡ

Բ۲ԶںȻսָ֣ͷ
塭

ֻûڣؾһɵĵ
ԭǧƷʯһΪҪأȻҲʲôǶȵһϺõķʯˣ



ԭǮ˵磬ָͷǰǧ𲽵
Բϸۡ

̹ȻĽӹǧԷѡûȻݣָԶ
ײ󣬼ȻҪԣɴĴ췣ɣͱ˭ȴӴ췣ȥΣ

Σ
ĲըëǱŵãԶ󷨣ʶżָɬ
Ҫұƴ췣󣿡

찡Բ츳ǷҲе̫֪ν˰ɣ
Ȼұȴ췣
ڵүүûأ

Բԥѹüβ
ұȣؾˣΪһԴ췣ͻأԭǸϡ

ĻԾٴβȽ˿
Ⱦͱȣ˭˭
Ǹ췣ôѾȱ˵ܴƿأ

ǺãԲָһ⸡ĵ㣬ۣȥһΣ

ŷֽŵ¾Ȼһ췣ۣϴľ͡
УҲҪۣ˭֪ǲǱֽˣ



ˣԲٺٺһЦ
ԼѡҪĸ

ֻҪܰһУĸۣûôҪ

أȡһ̣ŤŤһָ
ҪȥǸ

٣ԲЦˡ

ȥǸ

Ǿôؾˡ

*

һ˶Ըۣζļ϶Բҳ˿췣©

ӦҹŵڳС췣һһ֡

С췣ڤ֣ô췣Ļʲô

췣֮ɣ

пܡ

شõľ˵ⷽ췣ǰǰɽٴΪ췣µģֻǲ֪ΪΣ󷨰ڵһˡ

Ȼȱ󷨾ͱڸɽۣ档

ץڤֻУץ췣֮ˣİ취ɡ

ԲͷƳһۣץżԭشתҲûҵʲôƿۡ

ȵȡ

ԲƳŵһԵǬ۾




37.   37    ˣ֪ᡭ

췣ȻѹΪ, ֻ˵Ƕͽ
ƿ󣬳ΪԶ֮, ϣ

Ҫƽ󡭡񲢲ѡ
Բ۾һ
Ƶ, ɷĴһã

ɫһ;ϸߡ
, ǬүүҵĻ˿ģ


ԭɵ

Բϧͣµķӡ
ܲ㽫ɹ, ŷĿӡ취, ûԣ

ȴ붼û;ܾ
УⷨԹˣŷɴ췣ݻ, ȻϿԿڵصʱ󣬿Ҳ൱СҵѾķ, ȥһ㷴Ӧû

ذһ˵, Ϊվ, ƳһԵǬ, ɫһһϲ
ȵȣѵүүڶϵĻӡȥӡ

ˣڵİ취ȻУֻ, 㷨ȫ룬ҲﲻĽ
үүĻͲһˡ
ɡǵүүΪ˱µģֵܵϻʿһء

ΪѵĿŶĽԲ

ԲĿ, ·ͬҲɣͬҲա

죬ǺΪѡ

䣡
ʱһڶȻը

ȻͷѪϹֵĶ̲ԥĽǬٻأĴСתݺҵµϡ

һһһ߲ĵıԹ
q(s^t)rԲɲӮ㲻ͶȡɰˣүүҵĻʲôûܳɹˣ

ʱˣԲŲСһƽϡ

ŻصĶȻϲˣ¶ȴΪ׼Էĵĸ͵
Ƶ˵öԣϧµķ͸֮ˣǽӮˣҸʰ·磡

Ӯһ㶼ˡ

֪Լռ˿ͷˣպлһҪ±ȹ

ǣ

£۴ڿɼĳһ˿Ѻۡ

ѺԽԽ󣬾ΧܵӰһ

ã

ؾϲ̧ͷȴ˽ԲȻ˹ӣ

Σգ

طĻͷ

ղŻԶ򶷵ѪϹ֣֪ʲôʱᦳ˹
ӭǣѪɫɷ죬ԶȸղŴʱӿֲ
Ҵ£Ҫɱǣ

ʶͽǬٻҪϣȴһ
ϵѾõòˡ

ˡ

䣡

ѪϹֵĻڻǰĹ

ȴǴ˻ϡ

ǴסĽԲϣ

ۣ

ѪŻصͷ£˲ģǰߡ
ֻñԲסλȫѵܣͷļ°Ҳ·ֻʣǼܶԴһۡ

ɻȴҶһ¡

ȻعʱѾϮУ볯Զ˳ȥ

ѣ ѣ

ͻȻԶ

һˣڽˣ

ѪϹֻ˹һ˼ʱס˲սһš

ڲһԵĽԲ
ѣû°ɣ

ôû¡

Բ͵ڵϣͣؿѪôֹֹס
˫ǳ۾ֱֱǰĹҲһһεʧ

һѱ𽭰Բӽҩ˽Բһһ߿ޡ
ιôһҳȥأƷѪл裬ԣǧ

ԲҪˣ汻һѵҩ־ѹͲ㱻Ǻ

ƴسŴòҩؿ޺ֵһѣæץס
ȣ𡭡ιˣȿȣû£

þû˷ɹû뵽ᱻϵɷͻȻ

ȻѪµֻͣҪ꼰ʱһŲ굤Ҳûˡ

éɽѾˡ

ȻһμĻزš

Բαٴθǿһѵҩȥ

ôû£ǳϹִУôѪû͸õˣԣ⻹һžת굤Ҳܵסүү㿴϶ûµģԲ¡

°°ã

ԲüͷʹƻأСͷ󾢶ȴСȻûƶ

ֻܽĵҩٴ¡

Ҳ֪ǲЩҩ̫壬¶ǾһˣÿɤһڻѪҲ˳

ȿȡۣ

¸ɾѪĽԲĳ̾һһɣˡ

һɵĻȴΪת굤ûܾ½Բʱޡ
ءô찡үүҰ˺ˡء

ˡ
ԲҩߵĴѪ㣬Ѿӵˡ

Ļصĸ첲ָǰ
ȥǰǴ֣ţһϢö֪𣿡

ģߣΪԲթʬˣһǰļս֣˿ͣͣԲûˡ

֪ĨһᣬΪ޵̫ףǰȫʪյĺۼŽԲ³ĲѪ
ס
ĽϵѪˮ·ϣһСܻص۴ˡ

*

һͷԭѪϹѹһ˽Բæ׷ɫһɡ

սأһȭ۽Բʱһ顣

ԲѪɫ۶ıɫȻ޼Ъ˦

ݾѪѩޡҪҲҪѪϹִĹʬ۾죬ǻĴ۾
ѣ㶼˳ˣϽȥЪţĸ˳ŵס

˦ŷٿŤͷһʱҲ״ĽԲ̼ͷ顣
⽭ԲﵨСˣǸӣ
ôѪεˣȻܲ˵ķ˦飡

ѣȥЪŰɣǮ岻ֱӡ
ѣǿԵġ֪¶̡

Բӭϼ˹еĿ⣬ݺݲ°ͣƴȫǼ㡣
û£춯֣ѪϹлˣ

ѪϹԲȻ˼ˣмֽһ
ݺҵҪҵѪᦻУ㻹жٱ£

ѪϹȻǶԽԲ޼ˣһ㿪ʼܲ˵ľһ˴

ʱһܶ㿪˵ĹΪ˴򽭰Բһ£ǲ㲻ܵǿȥ

ֻ˼£Բ͹ĸ˴
λǾ

һ˼ôûƣ̵̬ͷ

ѾˣܵҪѪϹŪ˵

ȭ
һ鵽ƣʮǰȥ

ѪϹֱ㿪
ɾʱǰĽԲȴѪӿ΢ͣ٣ûᣡ

ʱԲһȭᦳԲݺݾ˹ȥ

䣡

ȫУ

ѪϹֱ굤ڵһк󱳣Ȼ³һѪ

ǰͬеĽԲȴֻһٴκö˶˵Ʈһԡ
Ϲ֣ô㱾Ķû֣

ѪϹŷֵһʯʱѪӿԽ
Ҫɱ㣬ɱǣ

žǮһ˦ѪϹϡ

أأأ֪ٹҲϸϸܲѪϹ

ȻЩ˿ÿһγ֣ᱻһźӿɿĻָ

ɴˣ˾Ͷķ֣ѪϹָֻٶˡ

ã

ּܼ乥һһȭȥɵİûٴλָ

ԲɿݸһͷóԼǿ

Բĺһȭ飬֪Ǯı޹ķӡ

罵ַͬʱѪϹϣ

ۡ

ѪϹĽᦾϿʼѾˡ
ѪܿƵĿӿգ۾ʧҡ

ʤѷ֡

⽥йڴ⻺Ͷ

ԲչվѾ紵ֳ߲ۼĵٴƮӡĻǸݹ

ȴչǣ΢־塣

ѪϹ֣ˣ֪нա

һ̧ʾ֣ȽԲ˽ᡣ

ԲҲԸԼ




38.   38    λһ

ѪϹֻ, Ҳ޷޸ơ

ۡ
һѪûס˳

ŽԲȴ֪ΪοʼЦ
Ϊ, Ӯˣ

صĻҶҹͰ򶷵ʱ, ʴɳм
֮Уɫмɽ۶Ⱦһ㲻ȻĻơ

ѪϹɨΧ, ǹһ˿̵Ļȣĵﵱ֮ĹǱˡ
ֻҪ˳, һоͶֵˣ
Ѫһ, 䲻׼лΪҲ㲻У


뵽, ѪϹٶЦ
Цɳªȴһ˿ʹ, һ˿Ȼ, Ŀһ, ǹ, ת˲š

ԲԭʹĽˣȴ֪ΪΣӣͷ
йɲõԤڽ

ѪϹΪʲôѵǻ©ʲôؼĶ
ԲȻɫ
Ծ˭ȥĶˣ

ѪϹˣû׵ľܽ£
ֲôӸղž;ĶԾ, ԭս̫ˡ

ŲԣѪϹٶʹķЦ
ڲŷ֣ҪڴˣԸԻ, ׼һжֵˣǶܲˣȫҪᣡ£Ҳϱӻĸ֣

з޴ѪϹһ۹ĳɸֵİɫɺת죬ԽԽ

ãҪԱӤ
һһͽԲߣ̳һ߿ݶȥ

ԶĻشӶͻȻðͷĳ֡
ҵǬ»ӤԱ

Ѿܵ·˷׷׼תطɱȥ

Ѿû·ѪϹ֣

*

أ

һڴ췣ںȻը

쳾ͻӤԱɢĳ˲佫һƬƳ֮ɫС

ɵʯͬ޲ķҲǬҵžֱ졣

ڶòСʵ
ը𣿡

Բߣӡ
ûء

ⶦѾúܴˣװ˺ԵÿռխСҼÿпʼһֵζ

гζѪζйͻеĿ֦ζ

ſľζԽŨ

ԲһûסɳζѬˡ
Żѣử峾𣿡

棺
̰ɣһȥͺˡ

ȻᣬѾɵֳٸˡ

ˣԲǸƶģ
˼ҵģÿ̺״ӡ֣ǿһӡ

Ժʲôñ

ŶԲź̾һ

أ飡

಻˰һ

ǳٶǮ壬Ծˡ
ô£ըӦþû˲Ŷԣôûͣ

ɫףǬӶܿƵĶ 
ҸоˣڹǬ

׼ȷ˵ǬĲˡ

Ǳ췣֮Ĵ췣

ѪϹֵԱѾ˻굤ڸе

Ϊһը죬ó˰Ĵ췣

ˡ

*

ֻ˼˲Ϣɫ䣬µࡣ

ؼ֧Ǭɫ԰ף˲ԥԳֳ˲

ԭѾյĸɽۣȴһƬڼš

ڳ󶥲źһ֣޲һһ׻

ǣǣǣ

׻˵ɫһ䣬Ϊ֪Ǯ塢桢Ϊ

׻ôôž٣ŻʶΧ۹һζɽֳ

ʱɽٵĲˣһҡ
Ϊɼ飬˲콵ǰѵһ--ž١

ⲻǴ췣ôή٣
ѵʲô

ʶ򽭰Բе
˫Ȼ糣Ĳ⣬ֻԲתʱתһ˿⣬⡣


ѵǴ췣췣֮

ѣʲôȥǿɶҪˡ
һ򽭰Բ

Ҳʶ򽭰Բ

طԼȻҲ˽Բʱɫ糺תߡ
ϧֽʱ򣬲

Բ˿ѹͷͷĺƣɴҡͷ
Ҳûʲô취ȥ۸ɡ

ѪϹ֣ûͣ
ϲ췣֮Ժ󶼻ѭ

ǲˡ

Ȼһ۸ͷֻǬѾȫ޸

뿿ƻķӲˡ

£ԲеͻȻʼܿƵķ

ԤһֱȻ֮ѹĿ־塣

췣֮£޷ֿĿʼ

ʲô취

ܲĵ

ڽԲ׼ʱһ¹ŵԶ
Ծǿ쿴

߾ͷǴ췣Եĵطǵ

ǺɫЩûɵ
մ֮㽫жʴɫĿݺۼ

ض󷨼ʶ㲩ϳ;ŵĺ˼
Ǵ췣֮

ٵȥ˲ҲᱻԽԽ֮ʴɹǻҶҲĳ

Բڴʱö⡣
ϵԻ̻𣿶ϣ

˵վ͸Լһף۰Ͱ͵ĳɿȡһµĵϡ
ãǾ

ţмӦ

Բɿಹ䡣
һǧƷʯܻųȥ˽ˣ

أ
棺

Բͷɽ¶
߰ɣȥɽ¶ȡϢᣬȻֻҪ֣ӦþͲᱻ׻ˣ

Զ֮һ׻ٴӭն׷ȥȴȻ˸գĵ˲ðָ̣СĿӶ

˷׷׾ϲ۾Сٿ죬ڶ˹ȥ
ѵȵҰ

Ȼǿ󸶵ĽǧƷʯڼ̵󣬻ͷ˿̴̱ȫ

ǧƷʯһ׵̣ڻڶסĴ췣ֵ̫ˣ

*

˺ܿݵɽ¶

Ļڰš

ȻԱʬ壬Ҳڰġš

ղŻ׻֮ΪûĿ꣬ѾϢ
ȴ˿ɡ

Ϊ½µ֮Ѿʼˡ

ٶȣٹ˲Ϣ췣󶼻ᱻ֮û

ҲΪ޷һΪ

ء
صСԣ̲ס޳
֪ͲҳӢˡءûӮҪûˡء

Բˣ췣֮־Ͳˡ

öŶ
صĿ˵վա
ô죿½ţȥɸɵһҸոԹˣ޷žȥүү֪ڸɽûˡ

˶ʱ򣬽ԲɽŴٶȼ֮ͻȻһ䡣
а취ˡ

ʲô취˼ѯʡ

Բһյء

䣡
ǣ

췣֮׻֮

ѣǸʲô
֪վǵ׻ԶŵûзĹֽһ

Բûн͡
ֻɴĳԻڵӰ󣬿ʼɿɽ¶תȦ

ǣ
ٴηĿ׻βƬƬݺۼ

ԲԶԶ
λһĵ治ᱻ֮ʴֻҪܳ㹻վĵطܻ

Ťͷ

Ȼ½Ŵղż˴ĵطмɫҵػԭ״

ضʱٺЦ
ѣôֵģҶûǴһ

ˣ󷨹ţ
Ĳԩ

ϣ֣¶ΣʼβŽԲȦ

ǣ
׻һһӣ֮ɽ¶ʱڲȳһպվλȦӡ

ԲϻԱ˯ʬĬĬûĬס
ΪʲôҪҲȦ

֪թ|ʬ
߾




39.   39    һǺ̫࣬֡

ŽԻڲ֮ͣ, ˷׷׽ٺһ

ȽһµĿ˽Բϡ
췣֮һֱѵģֻҪȵٴ˯, ȥˡ

ԲӽһƷ굤, ϧĵ
֮ɽеĶʴ, Ĺ¶Ҳûˡ

Щġ
ʱˣ㻹˼Ĺ¶
Ȼ壬ۼȴ̫СЩ, ˽Բһۡ

˾ȻҲ˳ŽԲĻͷӦǡ

Ѳ˵, ҶĹ¶ȷϧˡ
һĴɨһȦ뷢ʲô, źջߡ
ûɣĹ¶

֪ǮҲ̾һ
, ǿֵʮƷʯأ

浹ǲȱǮ, вΪ˿콭Բ, ҲΪлۿһĹ¶ɶ, Ҳźĵ
˵Ĺ¶ɻ֮գ¶վһҲ࣬ϧˣûԿĹ¶ӡ

أ
аɣ, ˶£ŻҰժġ

*

ʱ仹磬˼͸ʼָ

Բڷ, ̧ͷƺһƬͷлӸղ;ֵĵط

ΪʲôͻȻˣ
ѪϹְܵô죬ѵԱ׼
δѪɷɱòΪ׼ٻɣ

ֵĵط

󷨡

Բٴο·ŵ֮

̫Ծˡ 

С췣ġ췣ǿݻʱļ֮ˡ
ͬ˵췣췣Ҳһν˳ŶԡΪʲôͷβֻ׽٣Ȼ֮

ȵȡ
Ѫɷɱ󡢻ӤԱ׼ٻ֮ڽͨĽԲȻ󾪣һץסĻء
ˣ췣ѪϹָĹˣ

رץĲг뷴漴ԲɿĽ͡

ҸսʱѪϹֻڰѪɷѪɷûֻǷ˺ҧ֮ȻɻΪʲôЩת˲ʧˣû뵽Ǳ֮˴췣ڣ

ֲô췣췣֮ȥֻ׻ΪҲ֮ʴˣ

ٵȥ췣֮ȷ᲻ȴԶʧ

췣ȴΪ֮ɣΪ˵еһɱ

Բͻؼͬʱ
󣡡

䣡ǣ
һ΢ɫϢ׻˳Ȼ£ӡ֤˽ԲղŵĲ²⡣

󣬷Żڰ֮ʱһԨջ˷ȥ

ģǸɽꡣ

Ż꼣Ӵ췣ӿ룬һ㱻ڵ֮ɳ̣תۻΪޡ

ǻһһš
ͬƣȴҲͬʱ֮ɴɢǰڲʵ˻ţ

ΪЩӰǰͺ̣ʹԭڵһı֮׳ļ

Բٹ˲٣ֱӳԻ̣ʡ

췣֮㻹ŸϽٲǣǶҪˣ

·ڻӦԲŭ𣬺֮Ȼһ׻Բλ

찡
뽭Բ״ŵ̾ͱԱߵĻ

ȹȥ˲ŷ֣Բʹһ

Բһ辣˶Լ͡
췣֮ɵˣøϽ취յܶЩ֮ȻȷԲǧ֮ܽǿɾҪˣ

Բû˵Ҫһ㡣
ȴ췣ı˴ѪϹҪ׼ٻĶҲҪˡ
ʱ⾪᰽磬ػһֻΪĹ֣

ͻȻ˷ʡ
ѣ㿴ˣ

Բһ㶣漴ͿеĺɫȻ⣬һŤĽɫ״

һ軭һߴ͡
죬ڵأ췣жģ

һʻ꣬ɫ˲ò԰ףɱڿеǵյĽɫӡȴƮԶͣһƬŨ֮Ϸ

ںŵɫǽɫշ·췣ָ֮ȥ·ֻƬ̺󣬱е׽ٺȻɫշڵĵطȥ

䣡
ǣ

ۣ̲ס³һѪҡҡ׹ıǮס
һ̣·ͽɫһ˹âĿƵĿ򽭰Բ

Ȼ֪Բһ¹ǰĿǴһ˿ϣ
һ鿴ᣬʹֶ֣ܳУ

Բƶ⣬ҲԼֻһ̤ѧŻǵŤĽɫ״

һ֣֪ΪɫҰף
Ϊȫ˲Ϣ֮䱻·ߣȵӡһ룬ȻҪʧ

ѣͣͣͷˣҲ

ԴľԲڳһֻץ˿ŵҩͣٵļȥ
ҩŸ𣬾ͱ·ߣѪζٴӿϺ䣬ɽԲȴҧŴ꣬ʧʱڽָ

һ³ɵ仺ǰһǿյϷȥ

ɣ

¡¡
಻ٶȺȻը죬˽Բǵϣ

һһ䣬ԲǱߵǵԹʢһЩǵѾ챻ˣ಻ϡ

ԼҪԹȥ濴һĻݺԼģǿӲվ
ſ

үԲǸţǸ̬

ѧ˶ʮѧ䣬Ȼֻһѧˣİȫ˷ڣһ˿һû˷ѣ

ϵ˵а˷֣ѾǾ޾֮ôȫȥģ

֪ҲһԴĿǵ׽ٺ䣬þûл

֮£׽ѾôһƬڻ֮أűǼɪɽͷͷҪһȦ

ǵ棬űƴһط

֪ʱ򲻸ú棬֪Ŀʵ
ѣǷڵķѲɺҵһȣѧô

ˣǽԲѧҲôѽˡ

ϾҵĹǿܻĶ

ƣ˵䵱ȻǣѪӿһȣֻܰ˰֡

֪ȴԭĲѰҪȻҲɣǾͿԽЩ֮׺Ĺˣ

˵վ;Լĳ٣ֻһֻ׷ڿй
£ͷԼȻѾ߷·˸⡣

֪˼ĴʣȻһЦ
ˣҼԲ̫ã䣬Ե

ֹԵ

ҲҪģ⽭ԲȥֻСõĻŤŤĻһС롣

⣬ǿֻһ֪ȼķʼӳɲġ

˶˼Ŀ򽭰Բ

Բ֪ʲôʱڽǵʶż

ѣ̲ס棬Χȥһۡ

һüһԼһޱϤ

ڽԲװȽŵҹﾭ֡

ȵʱӡʯϸ

Ȼ̽ͷȥĻϽԲһʳ¯ķʯ
ƵѣǷķʯ԰עӳȥ

룬
ǵӵûеĵط

ѾҪٶҪԹȥ棬оٴοķʯͷ

ϧǰͷиһţ̽ʶʱ򣬻Ѿעϣǿʯ˳ȥ

ֻüʯ˵ɫⱲӶû¶ľ顣

ǰɡ
ɣ
һǺֻ̫࣬þˡ
ʲôʱԱ׵Ŀӡˣ

һ룬ըƵı۾

֮ϷһޱϤƮȻ֣漴㳯ǵȥ

ˡ

ھŹȣ赹ˡ




40.   40    ⲻ˵״𣿡

ӡ, Բ̫ˡ
һͿĿķʯˡ

Ǻܿ, ڼŵϿƮŽ䡣

ʼ

˿ͣЪ

Բӡһʯݳȥ
˽ӹʯȫעӳȥ, Ȼҩָٽӷʯ

ǲڼʮ, ޱ޼ʵ֮ڱֻʣһš

Բһ߿ӡһҲѾָĲˡ

һʯע, ǿ֮ء

䣡

ٶը˹ȥ

ɲ֪Ϊʲô, ׻֮£Ǵȴ´£˿š

ֻԭɢ־, ɢһġȤ

Ȥ

ԲȻ

ǲ֮ǰ

, µǴ־㻺Ʈ, Ų串µķΧ

ҲΧ֮ʧ, ȫ, ӵƮһٶ˸ϤĺӰӡ

˫۾˲Ͷ˽Բڡ

Σգ
ؾһǬ̧־;һƮƮ˵ϡ

飬ûʣ, ʲôټǬ

ֿʼˡ
ץһԵĽԲ°ڣһشѪģĻһƬ, ſԷ
ѣ벻ûڴ췣£ȴҪڰˡء

ԲޱͷŻء
ݵæ˿˫¶ŵɫ
ΪյĻ˴ѪѪδأһɲȻĲҰףǶһ˿ҧѪδ

ſʯȻΪ֪Ľϵȫ䵽۽Ϻ³
ˣùʮһӡʯһǧʮһǧúͳԻһ㣬ûɣ

ػر˱飺

һЩѵĿ򽭰Բ
ѣ㾹Ȼһֱŷӡʯ

ʶ룬Ҳ˽ԲٷӡʯΪߣõҲ࡭ȵȣ˶ٿţ
˻һȻ˿

ȻҲӦˣıһ䡣
һôҪǮǼҪǮһ˵жʮɣ

Բ
ĸҶѣҸ÷ӡʯֲҶѣȻҪǮġ

Ĩq(s^t)rһ˵ˣԼĽңġ
ǹӲţô鵤ҩ㼸ӡʯͷҪǮq(s^t)r

û뵽ҪһҩǮֻʯծھǰʲô
СںǶһô࣬Բﾹˣq(s^t)r

ǮԻ·ر̣Ǯ˿
ѣʯȷǸøǮġҲûժĹ¶ҲˡԲס

Բ̧̧°ָͣѾƮİ
ǮĹ¶Ƕ

ǡڴʱѹĿ⿴˹ȥ

ȻͿһźζ۲ֻһ˫ɭȻֲİڳǻ

ʶŲ򽭰Բڡ
ѣˣǰ

ԲԻȡ£ϣ
ǲǰĹ¶

ˣ

ȻЩͷԣڽԲ¶ʱĴ˳Ի̣뿪ԭء

žзӡʯǰͻȻأһ¹Ĺâɽ

˼ĻͷȻ˱ӡڷʯ¹ӡ

ްΧѰŽԲӰɳ໹ڲǮ֪˸Ѱټ

Ի̲ԡ

ֱ˿̣ƺǲ˽Բĵϸ

*

ɽµײעİѾݵ¹ʯڡ
ԭصֻһ鷢Źķʯ̳Ծ

ϧδôԾֻ˵һſ
˿պ󣬰ȥ˲ҪĶתȦڳɽƮ˹ȥ

߹·ɱʴɷĩۣһɢͻڳɫȻ١

ɾɽԽԽʱϵĺȴһ˿һƵƮĵϣܿɽ¶һȦϡ

õĶ΢¹ʯâ£¶ݡ

һֲָײڳ͸ˮĺڹ⡣

Ȼȫģȴ¹ʯĹâ·ŵĹ

ڿһԾ䵽˰

һ룬ͷ¹Ļ£ȫȻ֣

Բ΢΢һ㶣ŷպƵĴ췣Ѿҹ֮ʱ»Ϊɫ֡

Ϊ췣ʱģɫֱüΪ͸¹ҫ֮£ԽԵ᧿ΣĲ

˼Ļͷ췣۷λ

ҹڣ췣֮ӦѾ˰ɡ

֪ԸԸȥʳһ¡
رĶǿԵİɣ

µǲüĹ¶˵

ԲƮƮĶԼõĻϵؿڣܰڳһȦʯ¶Ρ
ǰǲǾ͵µˣ

һ״Ҳֳϲɫĵͷ
ԣٹʮʱĹ¶Ҫɻˣ

ŵĽһ䡣
û뵽Ĺ¶ȻڰĴأֻҹŻصɽ¾ǲʹˣ

꣬Ϳ˽Բ
ѣʲôʱְĹ¶ģ

Բɽķһඵһű̵ʱ׼ս˳
ǲһ𣿡

ĸ·ʱƲãĴʴºۼ
˰ݵ˵Ǹ޶֣Ǹлʶġ
ֻֻѪɷɱһܵɽηλãɵ߿
ѪϹֶûаеĹĶӡ

̫ϰеĺģˡ

Բ˿׷׻Ȼ

ںͷĨq(s^t)rһ
ң϶ܸķֲԾĹ¶ҲҵˣԲҪº󣡡

ԲɫصĿǰҡͷܾ
УڻиҪҪ

һӵ
Ĺ¶Ѿ취ϵճɻǰ˳ժĻΪһ壡

˻һѳûزõľͣû˵ʲô˵һԡ

*

¶ԽԲ˶ѡ
ôڲĹ¶£Ϣ壿

ԲĶжĶ¡
ңа죬

ԲΪ飬ѯʣ漴һİ

űͯ죬Դƣһ˿϶ɳƸС

ʶ뵽ǿ鲼̺۵Ļ

ȻлǣѲ֮ǰǼ굤֮һ

뵽Ǹ˯ʬԲֶ˶

һԿĳڷ˵ģŲ£ȴķԼζϵԲˡ
ˡ

ĬĽԲСǿ񣬴ȥ
˭

ĳѾٷĶͷڵĴúõĻʼ϶
ǲˡʱͱϸɽҲˡǵѼʱ֣ҿܻҹ

ԲüŻ϶Ĵָȴڻѻϴת
⻨ơĶţ

ŻɳƵĳ
ţȻҲǵԼݣȴЩ취Ѳҳʾξ

ǽԲѪӡҹΪˣŮѪҺĽƣǵУ 
ôѪǲķݶϣȳȥȫʬˡ

ţҪƻ󣬿ɽԲָȴڴʱͻȻ뿪Ĵ㱻жϡ
⻹ԲһĽƣ

ţ
ô£ˣ
ӦðƴѹƵ޷ˣôģ

*

ʵԲûзֻڻ޵ʵݡ

֮ͻȻ֣ΪѵĻĶˡ

ѷ죬Ĵضһѩ״ô

ʶͷıɽǴ״һģһ

ѵĻˣǺ־ͻ

԰ʦ˵ʮֺѵһ

ϵĻƣôģ
ѵĻҲһƵĻˣ

һ˲䣬Բ²⣬ȴһһƷ

ٴֶ̽룬ٺ£¸ҵס˻

һ˸ƽɫθסг¾ɵѪ۱ݵָѹѷڣգ۱ó͵ķ

ŮޣȻķӺĶ
ɱ
ǿЦ
ѲΪѹƻס񣬾Ϊ
q(s^t)rˣƴٳ˯ǧĿܣҲҪ͵ɱ

ںէ֣һ˿ҪӿɽԲȴֻǹһ˿ٴ뿪ֹ˸硣

ѾñŰɱ׼ĳţ

*

⣬ԲӽȡһɫĻ飬кΧ
λ뵽취ˣȻҲǻһ֣ȻܱӦҲԱڣһ԰ɣ

һ䲻˽Բ˵ĳĬĬ

ղšһ˿̽

ֻ˿ǰƬ̾ͱͬϢ˻֮ڡ

Ȼ֪˺ԼΪʲôˣ




41.   41    δػΪ᰽һ

éɽڴе֮, õľ
飬塣

ͬһ㣬һ, ӤʿҲʵ
õİ취ǽ, 塣

Բͷ飬һǰ, ˸վ֮λͬʱע鵽ڣʼ塣

ҲǽԲŻ, ҲĹ¶רʳ֮Ͼ˼

ϵİ, ˹֮£˿˿Ƶı˻顭


ڰĩһգɫʱ, ˹˻ڡ

ԭɫĻ, 󳹵ױ˺ɫ, ȥһȸо

Բֶźɫ, á
λ, ˭Ҫֵˡ
ŲҪһղСĿ©ˣ

һûǫõıʣֻЦ
ѣһǱԼպðɡ

ԽԲȤȻȻ, 붼ƿ쵽ǰӣɿĵ
ѣҵֺô, 㵱ã˵éɽÿ궼ڹɽϻⶫЩġ
飬ʯͷ
£Բ꣡

ؼԲֵԼҲ
ҲŲҪ⵹ùأԼպðɡ

֪ǮҲ֣˵ʲôԸӡ

Բֻܿ飬ĵȻ˿ջͰϽš

ϾЯΣƷĶȥģ

ڵĻֻص˽ԲطһȦ

Ȼ鱻ŵͿʳˣ
ʱչ򣬾㱻ѪӡҲ

ڻڴУԲСģϧֵģս˽

һѷӡʯڶһεĻ

*

Բշźû飬˳ѡ

쿴Ĺ¶ˣ

Ϸֲָ֪ʲôʱͨס

ϸͻ֣ᷢڵЩڳɫѾɢͷ̳˰ƴһСƬɫƲʡ

ƲԵɫż͸Өһ΢Ʈ˶ʼǵɫ¶ֲϡ

λˣʱ÷н¶ô
ѹȶ׹ȥٳԼĺɫʡ

ԲæҲȥԼķǶ䲻ĺ档

Ĺ¶Ƿ˺ԼöɫֲίίĶ¡

ԲĴ˴Ҫȥˡ

Ĺ¶ίֱͦԼ󻯣öнЩ¶

*

˸ռһţʵĴС̳һȦ

ԲźԼķ󣬾˫۷Ķ˸ڻصķ

һɫʯ̡

Ȼ򶷵ʱҲٴΣؼʱ̻ЩӵģòظȻϵıʯⶼȥˡ
ⷨ¶ϴ£޷أʯһһ

Բɡ 
Щʯһžôһʯ
ֲûؿϻشõͣңҲֱƽ

ؼԲĿ¶ĽβͶҪ̵ȥˡ
ôƯɣƷأүү˵պܽףԵʵĻ˵

ûȽԲ̾ԱһŵǮ֪Ҳ̾һ
治ǰö



ıӺ¶º޷ӦҲ֪ͨƷ

֮ϻбÿһַƷ

صƷȷǵƷǿ

ٿĺɫʣҲŲĺɫ⣬Ư

һ˵÷ӽȡĽɫʯͷͬ¶΢⡣

ף
˵Ŀ˽Բϡ



ѣ㷨ǡ

Բ¶ŵʱҲ⡣
ǹȴ΢ĺ¶һйɺɫˮεηš

һţȻЩϤζ

һƤһԼȽš
Ӧáɡ
ѵķôֻͨ

ԲȻһЦֻϲ̹Ȼˡ
λõģⷨԭͲ߼Ʒ㲻ϡ¶ˮǺأ

һ
Ǯ֪
ͻأ

ǿÿ

*

¶Ƭ̾ͽֹЪԭϰĹ¶ٴαȾɫ

ͬǣɻ֮ͷС

Сͬ񣬻һ˿ϵ¹練ɷǺÿ

˶ϡ۾

ԲԾԵ
ժ˰ɣ

ժ
һ䡣

Ĺ¶ڱԲȡ£ɽѩϻڡ

˸׼һ뿪ȴͻȻڵ

ѵȵȣҺм
һǮ塢֪ҲֻͣнԲ֪¡

Խͷԡ
ǻʲôҪģϽȥͰ񣿡


ѣġǰɽǰȻͽķҪΪȷ֡
ȻǶ͹ɽΣԣ˰Щɥ췣¡˽ѵĳԻ̣֮ҲǿѵķʯܰȻǼ˾»εͽ𡣽Լռһһݱɡ

Բڵ߬
Ȼûϵյķر

ʵԭҲҸʵĻᣬȡһĹ¶ȥң󽻲ġ
û뵽ǾȻó˴ͽ𡭡

ǰʵĽԲ̾ͻܾ飬ϾǸʱǮƶ˵þͺá

ڲһˡ 
˰ͬʦʦǮȥ˿

Ǯֻвʱûжʱ

Բԥһ˲ʹӦ
µȷȱǮͲǫˡֻҵݣɷ񻻳Ĺ¶һ룿ͻǮ˷֣Σ

ȻԲ໰δ˶Ĵ㡣

شõͰδĹ¶״̬һȻҲɹ
⻨꣬˼ݣȫǲУ˭֪

˶ӺһЦ
Ǿ˵ˣ

*

ջ֮ĵ˴췣󸽽

ϧԲôӦҲ֪ǲԸ飬Ϊ¶û꣬տǬڲĻǿ

ɽճѾȥա

ɫ΢⻺Ӹɽǰĵƽ

ʱҲʱٴһЦ

мҪûжˡ
λѣм£Ұæܡ

û˵һͿڵ
ǰ㱣¶ɣģ֮ҹ¶Ƕἰġ

ϾᣬҲûʲô»츳˹ֲڿһͽƷڵĲ֮ѧᡣ

Բ츳ǷδػΪ᰽һܣڽãֻô
뵽ˣ΢ɲƳ򽭰Բ

ԲҲڹƳԱߡ
룬̿ÿҲ֪ʦ᲻ϲķʮƷʯһҪһ

˳Ŀ䵽ԼϣȻĽ̲˲أ漴q(s^t)rһ
Բ츳ǲɼʶ̫ͣԭ㽫һ̻һ㶼뻹ˣ
ŤͷȻϲ۾

ֻէ֮һҶķзԶ֮һը졣
СѿôˣǺң

үүף
سƴ֡

ͷƼԲڿĿԼ죬Ƕһ
Բһҵı꣡ǹټ

Բ̵Ľӹʶһ̽ʱĿ͡
ﲢʲôűʯĵͼǹ̷
ǹصĻϢ

أѵ
ѵͿЩϢҪʱ

ϧѾԾУסүү

ԲźʱֻһĽ

ӮҰɣǮ

ʲôʱܹӣ




42.   42    ƵС棬ʵˡ

ڽԲĽ˼ҳʱ
ջ, ڴ˹Ķ䲻˸硣
磡

ʦ˪ʦѩڰ꣬Է׷׿
ʦܣôˣ
ǰ, պһ, ˬʱŶԡ

Բߺ̵ڵĻȪ, ͼ̽Բٴ漣
ϧ˪ͳѩƹأ޽档
ʦɽƽΪûкʵĻ޹û׳ԡ

ȥڿĥֻЩƤ˵˾ڹ˳Ķ, ׷׵ڡ
ʦִ̼, Ҳͷɹһξ͵ڡ

Ǹ˵ʱ򣬶ȴԾšü, ʦѯ˻ػ
ⶼѾ³ˣСʦôûκϢ

ʱ, ʦѩ΢ɫ, ̾һ
Ҳ֪СʦȥĶ, չȥûϢ, ǳ¶ˡ

ȿˮѹĶʱһȣٴ뿴ȥ

˪ڲԣһѽٵϡ
ԣʵСʦȥĶˣͲȥǲǣ

Ҳڵȥˣ
ʦʦ, ʵ֮˳뿪ңΪСʦôӦңϸɽȡĹ¶վĹ¶ĳɻ, ˵ժҲиˣСʦûûϢ

ž
°ػûڣѩĵӦ䵽أıɫ
ǺͿ
ȹͳȥ

Ҳζ׷׷˳ȥ

棬ʰ÷Ŷ׷ȥ
ʦʦ㣬СʦгԻ경µģǣ˵ٳ¶㣡ȵҡ

*

Բ֪Լͻһӡһ
ɴĸһ˺߳̾
֮ǰӦʻҪҪʯģһߣôͿģ
λͻάϵĲ̫ãøġ

仰ʱҹԲƷʯ

ˣԲƵС棬ʵ˱ԣ
Ƿƭ˵Ĺߣ
գ۵Ĺ̺̣ܿȻ˵Ҫһ룬ʱգ
һ׾ǧƷʯ

䶼뵽Ҫ£ǿѹ¸ӿŭ
ںͽԲƽ롣
ѣ

Ϥϵȷ³۽ǣýԲһ
ѣʲôֱ˵

ǰһ뻹綬£һ紺ޱȡ

ٴγ鶯ǡ
ܿӡġšޣܵ
һȴ̲סᡣ
ѣЩӡķʯƷʯҪʮö

ԲϤʯӣƽ
ѣ᲻̫ˣ

ţ
Щ
ѵԸ׸

ͷûԲȻĵ
ѣȻҵģɿӡõҵҵķʯףɺĵĶҵ񣡶Ҳ˵ˣҪܣ⴫ʮʯɾǾ᰽ʮˣãǧӡʯĵô

ʲôۣ
ʲôëϣ
ˡ

滺ĺɫʣ
ѣҿǲܡʵļλ

ԲһȦװ磬󶢵Ľϡ
ȻȻصĵ͵࣬ɲȴûġ

汻ĵһ
㣡Ҫȫʯɣ

ԲҰ죬ĵԸ̹Ȼա

˼࣬ٴηļ۸˽ס

ԲֵֵƷʯˡ

ʮ䣬˵ᣬȴҲ˵ж
ƷڵĲ֮أ֮ķ֮һԲȻֻǧƷʯһ

ǮˣɿҲˡ

*

һٴη֡
ԲĹϵֱˡ

˸йĽ壬ȴţԶңҲ㡣

أ

С̫졣

ͷɨȽţĵȽǮ͵øϽϣһѶҲͻȻ˳ô˼װȽţ

һ뵽ЩżҲһ
һɫ
λڵѹƲסƺҪˣ

Ȼ᰽ʿ٣ڡڵʿҲߡ
һ˻굤ڣٽϣӤڣͲôˡ
ǧѷ꣬ټϰɽΣգһ˰æ׺ټ·

лῴ굤ӤԲĸԥӦ£󻤷

Բ棬ӭչ⡣
һ켣Ȼ̾Ϣ

ɽǸĵؽ磬Ǵ죬Ҳй̲סĳ嶯

ϧʦֶûнǰȻͷʦʦκˣһҪٻظɽһˡ

Ϊģʹ

*

һһף㵽Ž

󷨺󣬽Բһ۾Ϳһ˻Ӥڣȿ£ʱϲ
ǰȡ

һԭмȣ³˳
˿ֻѾӻΪ˵ɬȻأ

һϽЬഩϣЦеĽ͡
ѣ굤Ӥл塣ʵѡֻͻȽţٸȵȷ̫㣬ѻˡ

Ҫһһûн͡
굤Ӥʱ򣬲ʲô˶лġ

֮ȽţΪʱǲԽ𽭰ԲװȽŵӡ
ͬһɢШԪֲβԲȴһֱĵıȶÿһλãΪ˾ƾδĥԡ
ǹרעȫԸӣѰ塣

ʲôţĽѣ
һаȫ壬Ҫȥéɽһˡ
ֹΪ˸лԲİҪéɽ£

*

ʱ˿̣Զéɽҷ嶥ɽéһƽ˼۾

ɫɽ·

µĵһգ˵ʱǰӦõˣôû
ѵش۹³ˣ
ˣǸƽϵҺˣҲծġ

⴩ŵĴɫӣðͷһɦȷԼʵֿá

ֹƬ̣ɽڴ

éһƽ䶯˶ǹ
ãȻûй
ֻĸ굤ھ͸éɽҪծ

ĸ굤ںܿ췢ټéɽھȻûлɽ󣬷׷ٿ񱼣ֱΪɽȥɽա
ȵɽŷéɽڵİʯ̨ϣѪ

Ϯɽôʦ㣬˰
ҽ֮ǲܼȡ
һСﺰɤӾץҩҪǰ塣

վʦʦǰĴʦӭֱӣʱܳһʦá
СʦãǰĶôˣ£
СﲽӼͣί˵˺ߡ

é
ش۴ʦǰéһƽһ
ҷʦ֮éɽں˶ծ񣬰չأ¸ûʮǧ߰Ʒʯ޴Ҿ͡

ڵϡһϢéһƽ۾
԰Сʮһǧһôǧ

ǷŵĿвӡ
Ŷˣʮһǧһ顣

éһƽŰȻٴƽ
Ͷ



ʦʦˢ𾪵Уɫһ˦ڵϡ
éװˣͽɽƽɽ¶õһŵƷˣǹծϽǮ

éһƽʶ뷴ǵĻéɽʵʵڵ˵ĻʯǧһŵĲ굤Բˡȵȡ
ɫ󾪡
˵ʲôɽƽôˣ

ǻװɵɿĵ
ϴţ˵ŵɽƽѾתΪޣƷװţéƶҲͰˣǮǮǾ͹ֲǻش۽éɽڰˣ

ɫĻҪвǰéһƽȴͻȻӵԾת˲֮֮ܵ⡣
˶ڷƮԶŵһ仰
СŷѣɽƽתΪޣ޹һžƷǵҾȻشͽܣػԻǮ

ҪծδǷ¿ǣ




43.   43    װʯİɫӡ

Բ˸ߵɽŴ
ڳˡĶ

ԶԶƼٺΪ̫ƥĺӰ, ԲΪԼˣϤġСʦá̾ϲĺ
ʦʦ㣡⣡⣡

, ˭˵ֻлк̨, ҲУأ
Բڵһ˳˹ȥ, ˪ͳѩһ߰ıס

˪ͳѩԲһ飬ȫúõģֻɫԲ԰Щ, ۽Ҳ΢΢, ʱһ
Сʦãû¾ͺãû¾ͺã

񷽲׷
Сʦ, ˵¶ʦʦ㣬º, ʦ˵Ҫڹ洦أ
ƴԲʹ, ýԲæ顣

ڳѩĽԲȴþöû̧ͷ, ֻСʲô
ϸȴǼ϶, ۵ıԹ
ʦ㡭ɽϺÿ°ұĺۡ۰ˣҾȡ˯һ



ѩϸӾ˯ˣһҶһһ
ССʦ˯ˣ

Ӻһ˻ӣ׷װ̾һ
ԭѾۼ, ȴʼնûкǱԹһ䡭

*

Բһݺ˯ҹѡ
۵ʱѾصջ

ֻʦѩһţ˴
ʦ㣿ôֻ㣿ʦʦأ

˯, ȻöΣҲ֪ǱʦͶιĳԺúȺãСʦÿ̫Ҹˣ

ѩŽԲӣһЦ
Ǽڸڣ߰ɣһȥʦҲأ

Բʱ۾
ʦҲˣ
Ǵʦתɻ޵סˣ

æڣûţͿһ׹⡣
ʦİʱе⡣

òѵ˰ɣ
ԭҪŶĽԲͣԭء
ѡʵ
ʦ㣬ǰأ

ѩ΢٣һ͵ı龹ЩȻ
Ǯ塢֪λѣѾȥشûˣλǰ

ԲɻüǰôˣҲˣһӦһֻ첲ء
Բź̾һ

ѩȴҡͷָڡ
һûߡҲ档

*

ԭսԲ˯Ժһ˻سʱûӤɱ֡
һֱû֣Ϊãֳɡ
ϧӤɱ֣ϵ˿ʼûϵ֡

Ϊһˡ
Ҳ˻Ӥڵʿں̨ʮųδаܼĻӤڣ

һӤɱִһһˣʦ߸Ȼص˶

Ȼ˲ɿƵַ򡭡

ѩɫ
һо֮ˣʦ֮ûʲôҪæģֻһҪ󡣡

Բûʦϵɫ
ʦ㣬˵ǰʲôҪ󣿡

ѩҪ⿪յʱڵéһƽơ
ѩͰԲҲˣɡ

*

һڵأͷ

Բ벻ͨվĩβȻʦéһƽðָ߸һ
ˣӽéɽڵСʦˣλͬŰɡ

ԲһûվסϰԷס
Сʦãӿ̫ѽ굤𣿡

ԲֵһڿˮΡΡָһ


һޱȵĳڷϵĻ鹪°ݡ
éɽСʦһʦ֡

ɽƽ֪ΪЩƵģӦü΢
š
󱻽жʦ㡢ʦ㡢ʦ֡ʦ֡ʦ֡СʦˣҲ̲סǳ鴤

˭ԼʹĻӤʿʦʦ㣬̫
Ȼ˸Ӥͦõġ
ӤǵġСʦܡ
ѵʦܲСʦ۽ɰ
ΪʲôǸ뺷󺺣


*

éһƽɽƽлҪʦ߸ڳ䣬Ѱض侲ȥˡ

Բ𾪹ͷɿĽʵһҪ͵ǮЩϣҲŶ񱼵ң⡣
˯գ˻ңûһʮƷʯء

뵽һһʾ޶ˣԲ̲ס۷Ź⣬ɫ

֪ǲҹź³ɷн˸ճڸ⣬ͱ˹뵽˻

ҹźһȫ۵ʿӰתԲƳǺʿĻҽɫ°ڣĪЩ졣
̽ŵץס˶°ڡ

СʦãôˣԲһ˷ҲЩš
Լľ˾ˣΪʲôǺСʦһˣ
ѵ£ᴫȾ

Բ±˷ֲԾæҡͷ
ûû¡
ȴ

زˣΪʲôشõĺϻң
ѵشúң֮Ҳνף
ЩҪҪǣĹ¶ֻһ

һǡǡǽ˻شá
һҩ⻨պĹ¶һ룬òҪԼõʮʯҲһɣ

ڽԲľĲ²Уɽѩϻ˺С

ҹŶԴϴЩأʡ
ϣ⻨Ρ

µ۾ԲƳ򶫷񣬷ֶȻҲں΢΢Щȡ
ҩϻ
ͨڣ귺֮΢ҹ㡣
Ĺ¶

ҹЦһ׸һʯӡ
ĲԼõʮƷʯǮˡ

Բ˳ʾǮϽߣ˸תϵĺ΢΢
λȵȡ

ԲһЩˡ
뵽ǰʿѹס־壬ֹԹתȥ
λʲô£

ﶢŽԲ
Ҵ㼴̿ʼƾƷ쵤ңûͨĺҩ֪ͯλԸæ

Բڷҡͷȴܾί
ϣéɽڵģʱ䶼޷Ρ
شҩͯǿ
ⲻҪ˴СЬô
ȥ

ʶüղԾˣסҹţĵҹٱƣơ

ҹյĿ⣬ҲĿȰһ䡣
ϣǲɣ

ãĿڽԲɨӼȦջߡ
Ըˡ

ԲпŶһĳң
뿪شʱֱһ޶

ú³ɷڶ¥ϴǰ˵
һǻ죬ǸԲϣܡ

ǡڰ˹Ӧܿʧ

*

ԲԭõǮЩϲĶǸźϲϲҩϵʵ

þ޷ɴͶȥ˻شá
ծ

֪ΪΣѾûˣشڵԱȻܶࡣ
Σİŵ۳֡

Բ˱ҩͯڼ䡣

Ŀǡ
λôծҴ۽硣

ʦǲŷž˵éɽټһծû뵽ǽվծˡ
شõĿ˶㶮£ҲĴ׷ծˡ

ԲɵǺǵģʲôûݡȡװʮƷʯʯӵ˹ȥ

ǿűСʯһ㶡

ʯӺͽҲͬᰴտװʯбʶ
ɫʯӣֻװʮ
ɫһ
ɫһǧ
ƷƷʯӣɫͽɫġ

Բݹģǰɫʯӡ
Ժĵ
˵ծһ룬ԴӺҩ£ҼǵʦܹǷ˹ʮƷʯʮƷʯǲܽشÿˣ

ﻹʮʯʯô㶼Ļˣ

ǳǽʯӽӹޱĵʯéɽڵǷӺһʣŵ
²СչڵéһƽմӻشһֵľƷ쵤Ʒǵǵծû٣ˡ

Բ
񣺡

ǵĶ˲شõĹأ̵ֲļ͵
һ¿¶λ֪ǾᵽʮǷծéɽÿҪͷڶȡյľƷ쵤ܹǷشһǧٶʮƷʯÿʮ򣬻Ҫ

ĻԲͶû˼ˡ

־㱵ĳ˻شãֻ˷磬ȴ纮˪¡

Բɫ԰ףһ䡣
֪ͲǮˣΪʦǷ￴ء

¿ɺãûнƶ⣬ʮӽ˻شãˮû

Ҳɫ̾һ䡣
ǰֲʦ̽ʦǵ˵ҪһܽãԭΪûǮ

ԲίۿҪˣԼһɫʯӡ
ɽϵʱʯ׬ʮƷʯʦ֣ûбİ취뵽ҽ޸ʦǿҪˣѵʦǿȥ

λʦһֱڴڹϸéɽΣΪԸһ궼Ĵϻ꣬ΪΪһ
һһѣ꽫üμӹ

Ǹװʯİɫӣڷʲôִ͵𽭰Բǰȥ
˭˵ֻлشβˣ֪иطҲҽ




44.   44    ƭߡ

Բû뵽ԼȻֻصңǰ

ڿС˹Ľٴк, ڲԡ
֮ǰҹŶԶ̬ȣжƵݣ
ʦ, ѵĺҹйϵ

ʱ, Ҳˣȡһɫ, С˴·߽߱͡
СʦãҲǹġʵҹ֮ǰ, Ҳ֪ҹþˡʶ˲, ϱҹҳҲҪִޣҳԺѾ뿪ҹ, Ҳδἰ¡

£Ըἰ, ǡСǰѡ
λ, еĴˡ

ͷһת, ü˷ܡ
Сʦ, ңԴĹа벻شõҽޣȴеҽʦǿ壡ʮƷʯ㹻Ѱһ׵ҽˣ

Բûʣֻǰĸʦֺ棬һ̤˴

ת, ˲ʧڴڡ

·С˵⳹𣬲Ŵָɳһ
޳ϣȥˡ

*

Բһ, ʼͺͺĹ۲Χ

ռŤζ϶ҹȥйɺͳ˵ݰ׹ոкǰӰ
ʦ֣ƺǻڿռûǿռŲƣ

оԼƱһĺӡ
Ȼӱ㱻ͨٴֱӦλ㣬ִĿĵء

ԽԲ͸󿴱ʵıʮ̹ȻҲ۲Χ漴ͷ
Сʦ˵ĶԣȷŲʱֵĿռŤֻõĶݷЩ

ۼ䣬׹Ѿˡ

ԲĬĬһ¡
ողŵĸоٶӦñȷɻԿһЩͷ˰Ӿ͵ˣǹо붼Ӧò̫Զ

㲻ңĴһӦҲѰ

ǰͬ׼õС·֪˵һ˷
ѣѣаΪڵڵܲɽģԣΪ޽ףڷֳҩ󷻡ӷ崦
ÿ£ң󻹻һᣬʱи淨鵤ҩ֡

СƤӼ䣬ȵſڵʱѾҪע齲Ĳ࣬ĩ˻󷨵ĺۣݡ

Ƴ˽Բһۣʹӹ
Сʦã⣬עЩĺá

ԲҲֻ֪ɫشΣԣ۴ͷŵ𣬼С˾Ҫ뿪׷˾䡣
ȵȣղ˵ңÿ»ڹоһ᣿

С˽Ųһ٣ʶƳ򶫷񣬼Ҳ򽭰ԲЩѵĻص
ǣһµס

ҹ˵ˣңʲôҪ󣬶Ҫ߾ܵ㡣
ҪϵĶǾЩΪˡ
òʨӴ󿪿ڰɣ

ԲڵȻᣬҲƷ𣿡

Сɫ΢ȣܿͷ
ȻǿԵġֻǽȥƷҪڲʸֻзϵƷ¡

˶ȻͿԲӽȡһװʯ̵˳ȥ

̣Сʦøһס
ԲˣŹκһ׬ǮĻᡭ

ԲȻ
һ׳Իģéɽڵģôô飬գ𣿡

СտһۣõʯȻңշİʯʱǳ鴤
ôֻģҪģŵˡ

С˹Ľӹ
ȻǿԵġͷѺҰһ

Բȥ¼򵥵̽ܣһĵʸƣźͶ̤ңָĴš

*

С˿СԡĹڳڶǰ

˵Ǳ߹ƧСмֱǶǼĴˣ

Ŀһǰ󿴲ͷĳ֣ߵĵ۴СΪͶȻͬ

ﴩȫźΪʿеС޾ͨ˷ÿһϻȥҩȷе·ꡣ
ڻвٵʿڰŵ̯ϡɱĺ

¶治յİ׷ʿɫʯ·Բס˶͵͵
ʦ쿴ʿȻߣõûƷʯӣѵ±𣿡

ʶص
СʦãѾǻʿˣҪҲˣͲҪˡ

ĿŽԲָ򿴹ȥȻҲν˶׷ԲԵıӰǶ˵ΪȴһŻ
ȵȣĶ̫Ծ

ٰĵֿ̹ͬĵޣ˵ΪҲ£һģв
ͻȻɺԵɤӣָǶִ
СʦãʲôΪ

ԲֻƳһ۾Ȥתͷ
ŻӤھ͸¶ڹгˣҿҲС˵жΣա

ɤԽɬаָӭ߰˸۵ʿ
Сʦã⼸أʲôΪ

Բʵòͷˣɨһ۾ͷɿתߣһҡشʥ֡ŵꡣ
ʦ֣Ǽ굤ûʲôÿģмҽݣߣȥʣ

񱻽ԲǼҡشʥ֡ĶС¥ȽԲҩͯ˺һŻȻ񣬻һ

ԹԣСʦʲôʱ߽ܿʿΪģ
ԣǰܿˡ
зɿ䣬ܿ˼νԲʱ򣬵ʱҲоֹɵʱҲû˼룬ôҪ¸Թȥˣ

Բںҩͯ
ʲôǻشʥָͨһҪʮƷʯôô󣡡

ҩͯɨԲȫºװĺӣм̧ͷ
ǻشֵļ۸ѾҩˣϾ¶ʿҪǰͷǼҰٻҩԻҩǰأ

Բź°ɫʯӣֻú˳ˡ
ʮƷʯȻʦһͨ
ѹʦ˵ʦԼȬ
Уܾô

Ĵӽͳһ̾𣬡ʯģɲñĶ֣ܶĳԻ경̣һ׿ɵǧƷʯ

ҩͯѾʼˡ
ûǮȥɢ̯ȥʰɣҽ࣬ǮΣˡд

ԲͶС˳

Բһķʯ
ôͲּܵˣͻضҪķʯôͲֵǮˣ

Сʦá
Ŀˡ

ԲŷŭĹâһ¿ǰӡ
ҽҽֻҪκʦ㣬ǺҽޣҽշǵøʦѰҽ޿ʦ֣ߣȥ

𶫷ʹڽڰСʼ鿴

С̯༫䷱ӣΪͨ󷻵ĹͨҩıȱȽǡ

ԲߵһͷߣźۣԱ߻šˡ̯ʡ
ѣͨôշѣ

ǵһվ켤͸ˡ
ܽڵڵҲֻͨҪʮƷʯ

ԲɵĿ
ģô֤

ǵʿɿߣ¶ϻӤʿ⡣
ʮѾܱˣҪǿѿƽҪʮģ

Բ˵קŶȥһҡ

û
Сʦãʮͦʵôˣ

Բһۣ
ʦ֣ɱƭˣϵȷлӤڵ⣬ֻǷ⣬ʵֻǸ굤ڣҪʦͨôҲǸӤڵĻްɣ͵˲࣬ƭӵߡ

񣺡
аȣСʦ߽ܿΪͦõġ
벻õıƭˡ
ȻʮƷʯҲαƭ




45.   45    ˭ûиСĿ

ԲͶСﶼʱҵ׵ҽޡ
ǶǻӤ, Ҫ۾ͻشֵ̲࣬һʮһʮ

ͬ벻ļ۸

Բɫʯ, ٴθܵĶ⡣
һΪʮö, û뵽᰽ͨôأ

ûע⽭Բ˵ʲôһգգĶСﾡͷһˡ

ҩ, ӷڡ
ʿ࣬ΧҲ廨

һſڣĸʿΧվһ, ຮѡ
ĸ˶һϤޱȵɫ, Ȼéڵˣ

Ϊ׵üĿԱ˳ʦ֣Ӧþééеֶ, é彣
Ů޴羫£ο, Ͳ, ӦéڵСʦ, 

ԲҲ˳Ŷ߷Ǽˡ
ֶ󻹸, һʧõİ׺飬ʱ̲סȥ

յ֪ɱǰ׺ĺʦʦ̺ʦéһƽȥشҰ׺ˡ
ȴ˿ա
ֹ׺鲻ˣңеľ˾Ԫһʧˡ

û뵽׺飬Ȼӵˣ

ղ׺Խ, ǰͷģҪЦĿ۾

Բŭȼա
ʦ, 

ȻҲİ׺飬Ҳףƴ
СʦãǼΪΣ

Բ
Ǹé彣Ǹ굤ڴԲǻ굤ڣ׺黹ڣһŸķ

գϵ˹ס
򲻹̰ɡ

ԲһǻѪոߵʦ֣ʲôʱˣ

˽ԲһۣĵǸѧģ
Ȼ򲻹ǿԸϿʲôټ£𼱣ܻлֻģ
ã

ԲͶԻ׹˰׺һ

*

׺˿֪βͣһĵĺǰ˵ͷ
éʦ壬ʦ壬ŵֵѾòˣһڽβЩҪȻǻǱȥˣĵطЪЪ

ͬ⡣
ӷѾҵˣиҵĵط»ɴɽסǰçв䣡ʦ֣ǾͲȥ˰ɣ

ɫ棬һ㷺ɴж亣ҡҷԡ
ԭֻ㽿εΪ·ӳɣֺÿ֡

Բ̲סˡ
ʦ֣Ǯ¶ۣҲһɴ棬˭˭ÿ

Գ˳ǣĻ
СʦãһƥɴҪʮƷʯȷ𣿡

Բ΢ѣװû
ĵͷ취ǮȥҪéɽڵķڻ壬Ҫʦÿ˶һɴۣ˭ûиСĿأ

*

é彣ʦõҪûдӦǼҪȥ
СʦãѱвˣʦֻٸѰһƥʦֶʦнȻҪȫģ·ɡ

ԭʱˡ
ллʦ֣

׺һԵͷӦͷʱȴһ˿أ
˾˾ͶǼֵŵӷ֣Ҫһۣͬ
벹Ѿˣ׺ֻܽ˴βΪ鱦¥ķֵꡣ

ԲĸȥҪһס
Сʦãé˽ҵٸˣǾǳ

Բźͣ£Ѱط£һʿɿ˸ܵ
ͷһʱˡ
ʦ֣Ҳ̨򰡣ͽ𻹲أ

ȯϺȻӡһд֡
ʿս̨Ӯһͷ͵ҽޣȥ󷻣õķ

˲˵ں̨ϵľվľ潭Բ
СʦãǮ̨ȥˣȻս̨Ⱥ̨㵽ֹҲǻ˵ģ

Բźȯϧ
ʦ֣㲻һܴͦģҪǴһܷҽˡ

ȻɳܵĶˡ

Сʦɽȥˣͨս̨Ӧøûɣ
ԾԾԵĽԲ졣
ҪСʦȥǱ֤ˣһҲ޷š

Բ۾ֱͷûȶڶһͷɿܵˡ
ѾǮõһ㼤

񣺡
ԼǵǰСʦûŵ޴룬ǫ̂ϳ壿

̨֪ϵ꣬ʮͽ𽭰Բһȥ
µֻħ֣ɲˡ

*

ʿս̨ӷβһԲ̨
ңÿ̨ʿȽһǻڡڡ굤ڡ

Բʱ̨ʿս֡

ڵ̨ΧһͿ
Ҳ̫򣬶縡ɽǼĻ굤ڣ֣Ӿܳȥ
̨±Ӯһһ򣬽ԲҡͷΧ˻굤ڵ̨߶ϡ

굤ڵ̨һʮ⻹ࡣ

̨ϵ굤ûɶսԣ˰Żʮʯ
ұߵ̨ӵǻջǸ굤ھȻǸޣҪӮˡ

̨¸ǳĻ˷ܵĴ󺰡
עˣϵλѾۼ˰ۣǴӮˣʯӱɫΣ

ԲʶԼİɫʯӡ
ɫ񲻾ǰ򼶱ĳɫӣ
ˣ

ߵǸǰ
ͼݣҪ

ǽޱ²С̨ºȴڱƻΪⳡˣ̾ϲ̧ͷ
ȻͿԼŲߵŮޣںɫĸڣֻ˫۾ķ⿴
зպôݵǵӰӡ˳

ƣ
СȻҲұ²ġ
һƲ
ҪʮƷʯô

˽Բ۵Ľʯӽȥ˵˶ͽĻ
ʮʮѺԼӮ

ǻĵʯݸԲһӡ
УˣһеĺžȥӮ۾ˣӮȥͼۻۻǮ

ҪأԲϰԵʽ֡

һֵĿ
ֱ߾У

̨Ǹ޸պֽһս̨޾ӳĻƺ
һͲˣ
⻰Ѿ˵üˡ

ƽкš
һһʮһţ

Բһһʮš

ܶޣһ׾ˣ
Բ·Ѿϳɫʯӣ߬ȭͷڴĿ̨

һһʮһǸɫ۵ĵޣû
ֻ¶һ̺ۡ

޺ͷں붯֡

̨˻УԲȴɫ

۰̵ޣǸ굤ڴԲ

ֻƬ̨̺Ͼ˱ȥ
Ƽ󺰡
һһʮţ

Բվԭû

ǻֺһ
һһʮţڲڣڹ˰

Բھʾ⡣
ڣ

Բһս̨

*

̨µ˼ǸǵŮޣʱۿˡ
ӾȻҲ̨²ǿ˴һʰɣ

ս̨Ը˲ŻׯǮ

Χ۵Ҳ̾
ûͷˣŮ䰡
ӸձһһʮΪܲһǮû뵽Ǹ޼оͱȥˣ⻹ëȥ

Բվ۰̵޶档

ƷɿĴ˺
ʼ

䣡䣡

۰̵ȶֱ֣ӳԲڵķλȭ

û÷ֻƾֹȸղŶԸʱ飬Ȼһнս

еĽԲҲȷʵڿл˻Σɢ

˾һ
Ůٶ죡ˣµֻǸӰӣ

۰̵ûϵԲܶ㿪ȭԵоȭҹȥ

ԲֱҪгˣ

Ϊʲô˼Ҵʱޣʱ򣬶־ͳսһһ

̨ϾһطȥҲ㣬ȥʮʯҪˮƯˣ

ԲӽңԴ
ڴܹѪϹֺ޵;Уϵĵһ֡




46.   46    ܲ㡭ȴǷ

չͶе巻, һгյ

Բսӿ

Դӱ¶ʾԺϵ·ͱй, ת֮, ɫƺɫԹһͬʷ⣬Ҳڴźһһս

Բִһ, ߼˲ƳΰƳ۰̵ӿ˳ȥ

䣡

۰̵ȭ಻ӭǲΰʱըһƬ

ԲڲŲת, ܲԼ, ȴͲסϡٶȽ


ԶԶ

Բ㷢֣Ĳһ󾳽, жѣ

ϵȭ϶Ŷصĵط, ڷ۰̵һȭ©ʱ, ٴֳλһ

أ
ɫȭӰӹ, ڻ۰̵ޡ

ȴδнԲϵƨq(s^t)r, һǽĿ죡

̨
۰̾Ǹޣ

ԲһδЧٴβ
һúԶһ

۰̵ȴѾзζûٸκ͵ϮĻᡣ

ּζ󣬽Բ̲סһ
̫ˣ

ɽҲΣ
СŵͻϮ, ѪϹֵƴΪʲôնϸûĻ굤ڴԲôˣ

ûжҪ˵ѹָ, һһǴĵܣϵĻƺ˱ļ
ˣսپ

һŲʱԲ¶Щ۰̵һȭ˹

䣡
㽭Բʱ˻֣ǱɰԵؿۡ

ٴζʧɸղűеоȴͷֳһֵ·ߺۼ

Ծôе֣
ֻгȥģûջȥģ
Բ˫һһװ¶ٴα۰̵޻У

ȭѪڣԲȷ롣
սƣΪһֻȻһᣡ

̨˼ȥﶪЩ̲סˡ
һһʮݷҲ϶ŰɣȥҪ䰡
ǰ±ɴ䣬ܴϣӶͷˣ
սֲ̨ˣѪˣˣ

ԲŲôء
ˣǲ뱻ܶб£
ߣҲһ𱻴򰡣˭ܵÿ죡

ӮϣԲ˼ĥԵˡ
һתͽϲδֹӳٻӰٴӰ̨Ʈ

䣡
۰̵Խݵǫ̃̄˵ķȴɻ;

Ӻ񿴵ڶϵˣ
ûÿһ̣˾Ͳˣ
̺õңµʯʲôʱô˵ˣͷҲҪȥһףȥ϶ǿ

ԲĽս̨˳Ի경ġӰ桱ŽתãȴĻᡣ

۰̵ҲԸȵĲͷˣȫ۶һֵת˲˾ʹ㳯Ȼը
뷢޲Ļи

飡
Բڱ޲ĺֳ
ǿŻ֣СΪ̫ͨ죬ϸ챩
·һҪֲסء

̨˶鲻Խķĵ
Ůޣˡ

ˣ
˹Ȼ˹ȥ

һƬУԲˬĲһĲлơ
ιӮˣϽ
̵ģһÿǲףȭͷأ

ǻһ飬ȴû˵Ӯǳֽһ
̨ϺˣŮ޸ɵģ

Բ
ôɱˣɱ˾ûǮˣ

ͷɫ練ĺϱֻ̨۰̵һɨĵ
ûȥ

ƣ
ȥˣûؿڴû
ԱߵĻƶӼۣСȥˣҪ۰̵ˣԷȴ㷭ͻȻһԣÿ˼˫֡

ƣ
û

۰̵޻ӵվ

ӵ뵹һٿ򽭰Բʱʱ޷ݡ

ֻ۰̵޵˫ֺ˫ȣǱӸŤϰ˸ֵƣ
ȻվȴŤŤ᧿Σ·ڳž޴ʹ࡭

ղըȥô͵һôתۻŤȽţ
Բѵһֱڰϻ
ôعȥŤȽŵģ

Բ˾ۡ
ڰЦ۰̵ޱɢʱæųŻأĿܻȥ֣
ֻ͵͵ˡ

Ҳ࣬պùļ֫

Ҳ֮ǰ·ĽĦȷȻǼ֫
֫ǼٵģѼ֫ȫ˷
Ҳѹһϳ಻ǿġ֫ܡ

˲֪ôԸ֫ڽԲȴͷⰡ
ΪԸһװȽأ

ǿӵļ֫һڵбǿжϿͻᷴɵֻ׼ᣬǵ޷ʱ֫ӵ㣬Ȼսʤ



Ӧ
۰̵Ѿĵˡ

ƷӦԲѯʡ
λޣҪһλˣ

ΪԲս̨ϵĵһẰһλʱԲȴ˦ۣһ䡰áֵߵߵĳ嵽˶̨ԣԼĺӹȥ
ͼݣҪ֣иղŵעӦӮ˲Ǯɣ

һ飬صļ
ȻǿԵġⳡʮŵۻۼʮƷʯϸղŵעһһʮƷʯúá

ƽɫʯӵݸԲ

Բ̲סֿ죬۾գգ
ղ˵Ļûս̨Ȼʯӱɫ
ʦβǮ
˹Ĳ

̴ʵջ
ֲѵͲټѹһ򣬷־һս̨һǧˣ

Բûתߡ

ɵӲżأ˵ǰŷһ򣬺žڴԲ

һܽӮڶλ
ҲӮ

ǵñü²Ӯʦ˵ˣܱġ
Ժȷ򵽣ս̨ɡ

*

Բ뿪ս̨ûԶͷ׹ںͷ
Ի경𣬴ž޿ʧӰ١

ӷ鱦¥ذ׺顣

ԲûֱȥȥҩŵϢĵҩһԣƻָȥʦֻϡ

ǻ굤ڵȭͷ̨һֱѪڵ
Բ뿿Ȼ£һᣬȴʶײҶ

ջ˯ͽλ޸Ժ
øôá

ȻǸˣһֱȷʵ̫ص

ԲĽ⿪ϵĸ󣬴ȥ
ޡǰ㻹𣿶Բס⼸̫æȻ㻹ڻ

ĳžΥĶ˶ԭ߰ĲػֽԲϴѪڵĸоڵһӿں΢⣬ʱ̲סڡ
ˣ

ԲŻ𾪵Ŵ͡

ǾȻǰûܷ˵¡
ǷѪڵĸоȻ漣Ļ
ˣƶĻָ

Ҫѵʶջڵ
ɻֻиǰòްɣ
ΪǺѪϹһ

ɿ˻񣬾ޱȵĻԴ
ǰû£Ǹոմս̨Сıȭͷǰ㡭û°ɣ

ڵĳΪԲͻȻ뿪Ҳסˡ

ڸղţֳڻĽƾȻʼɶˡ
ǽǧǰ£ԼûȥƽôͻȻɶ
ѵΪԲ

ƺԲ񵽺һձһˡ
ÿջҪķѻȥǸֻͣá

̲סڻڷתһȦ
벻ԲϲɸѪ֮壬̫˾ϲˡ

ֻ»񣬾ýֹɶߣǺܿǧĻ
ʱٳֹ

ڼ񶥲
ٿʱɤѾ˿͵ζ
Һܺã⼸տñ߰Ϣˡ

˵ģԲȴ졣
ֻǻǰȦΪί̣Լղջķ

Բɲ뱻ᣬæĵĵ
ǰʵ֮ǰûΪûȷݡҪȥҩҩ˵Ѱҽλ޵ҩޣ㿴¶ָҾؼңΣ

ǣѪ֮廹ǺܶТΪô
ϧ£ûʲôҽҽ
֮ǰƽԼֻˡ

Ű£Į
ϣ˳ҵҩޡ

ԲԥǺƤҪĻ˳
һҪ£úǰãȥҩޡ

ĬȻѾʼͷ
˵

ǰںѰҩ޵Ǯˣܲ㡭ȴǷ

ţ
ҪùǷ




47.   47    ˻ֲᡭ

Ƿû

ΪԲϵǮֻҩ޸ʦβ, ûжǮٰǰѰҽޡָ䡱

óΪǷɱͣͽԲ˹ϵ

̶󣬽ԲӦýơ
ŵ, Բܰؼҡ, ͸㹻ıꡣ

Դֵ֪лڽԲﶼ桢ϴĸ߼һ, Ĵʡ
ˣûǰᣬظΪ

Բ뵽δı, ʼҷʡ
ǰȻⱦĻڶ, 
ɻʢװ޺޷ңڶ˸󷨵ľ°, 

ϧŰڴգҲûȵԲ, ֻڰﷳĸŹӰ޴



ҩֶ

ԲǮ, ǻصǼҼ۸ĻشʥֵѪ

ҩͯǶ²˺, ҵӡִΪĹ, ϵĽ˶Լմλʦҽ

Ȼ̯ҲҩޣʿޱҪܵþŬʦܸеķ

һ׮䶨ԲٿΧ, ʱЩɷںڵʿɰ
Ǹ֫бϤޱȵĻ굤ڴԲҲš

Բͣſڽ۰̵ޡ
ףôҲشʥ֣ȽšشʥΣ
Ǽ֫ô

۰̵Ȼûϵս̨Բ
˳ɫ, ϧţʲô

ҩ֣̹ͯӭ
޳ϻˣԤպĽ

޳Ȼ鲻ѣ̱
˶֪ؾͽӣβô㣿

Բ澪֣ûɻһ굤ôܽˣȻҩָͯϲ
ϣûߣλǮ

޳ϵĽԲ
ΪԲжܲ˵޳ϣ

*

Բ޳Ϻ˻شá
ҩͯսսĸںߣ޳ΪʲôԿ˲ȴƫƫ˹ͲŽá
ҳϵȽôȥһ˾ͻȻˣ

ߵרϿˡ
Ҳ֫

⻰ȻǶԽԲ˵ģǶҩͯ
ҩ̧ͯͷԽ޷ⳤô˻ڵʱȽţҲû˵ʲôǰ̡

ԲĽͷһû˿ԱеĺУֻ봹Դ½˼һҪô̬ȣֳ

ͣ£ɱ䡣
ȥɡ
ǡ

ֻʣ½Բˡ

ϢĳĬУˡ
㣬ܺá

ҪǱ˿䣬Բβ;ˡ
䣬ֻɥ
֪ͲֽȫˣҪô죿
ҪԸǮ˵һǮ¶޶ûضޡ

ԲСĵ
޳ϣԲҲǹҪ֫ġ

Űҩͯ߶ûеĽԲ鸴ӡ

Ȼɲμս̨ôԲͷһȽǼ֫ˡ
츳ɶá
־ͶֽţҲʲô˻¶

侲£ʵ
οϵȽǼ֫ģ

ԲǼΪСĻš
Ҵ£Ǵϣǽ

ѧʵһݲĵ£۶ϸС󣬶ܵʵʧܡ

ټϽԲոһȽŲ죬Ƶһܱϳµĺܡ

ǲ⡣
ɾһҲ޻ὫǿӲĳ̶ȣڵҵļ֫ñϲŶԣ

㲻֫޺ãҲ޷ٰˡ
ǲȥս̨ˡ
ֻһڵĹɵֱιȥ߽׵ģǻֱҪ

Բһ̧ͷ
޳ϣҪʵ𣿡

̻ص
ȻҪʵ

Բ
ܱ֤ܲǣ̸õ⣿λʦĺҪߵҽʦ

ͻȻƨ٣Ȼͷ
ҽ˫ô꣬δԹ˽ս̨ƾӮҲŲǵ֮£

ǰûȽ㿴ˡ
ԲĬĬ䵽

ѾȲͷɴһ䡣
ѣڿ˵ôȽǼ֫ģ

Բͷɿǰۼָ֫Ƕ󷨵ĵط
޳ϣ㿴⴦⴦Ȼָ֫ʹи㣬Ǿ⼸ֻ̣ɷ飬飡ƽսĵ壬ֻ£ͻԡ

ŽԲѾκˡ
ֻܷ֫鲻㣬ýԲ˵Ҳ֪

ǣԲôģ
ͨЩŶݼ֮Ҳ̵֪֮ͨڣ

ѵ
Ǽ֮ĺˣ
ΪǵĲԭ򣬲㾪վ

ԴӰǰ֮ǰŶݼ֮͵˺Ƥͳ
˼Ĵ䣬һ׷ȥҲȥ¥ա

û뵽ȴһ

Բ֫ȱȴ޲óץסֽ͡
޳ϣҲǣĲǣ

ԩһһҲˣôҲͼ֮йأ
Ǹ
ô

ȴὭԲǱݺˡ
֪֮˶Ϊ˽Ҳϲ˷֣æԲ
˵ǣͲǰɣˡȻս̨¶Ѿ壬˵˵λʦ¡

¹ؼ֮򣬽Բλʦ˵ʲôҲþȺá

۵⡣
ԲϽʦ˪ϾʦѩѪϸ

˪ͳѩΪһڣһںɫʼΪ

ʦȻȶʦΡ޷Ǳ룬ֻҪСųҲȬˡϾ͵ÿѵʱĳ̣ʱ̫ϺõƷҩʹԶǳܡһʧܣٲɸԭˣ

Բ۲ѣۿ΢΢졣
޳ϣûʲôȫķǾµ׻Ҫȥμӹʦʦ˺ü꣬ϲϣǵöʧ
ҪʦǰҪҲᱻѪϹִ˳
ϣҪŬȡ

ŽԲӨӨ۾·𿴵˵ȽŶѺԼҧҧ
ʵҲûа취شһشĹ֮ͨϵֻⷨӣֻлشø߽ҩʦŻᣬǳ֣͵Ҫǧʯֹ

ԲĬ

ǮҲаϣ
û뵽Ҳû취ֻܵȻشõծԺ˵˵¶ˡ

ԲʧתҪߣ֪ĻѾˣæ
ѣʵ֮ЩҲϰֻںͻشõԼ⴫

ԭʧĽԲ۾
޳ϣ˼ǣΪ⣿

Լĳɫʯͳֿĵݹȥ
޳ϣ⻹ʮһȥս̨һ첻죬ҩѵģ
ʦΪܵĿ࣬ЩЩʲô

Ǹɱ罭Բĳɫʯӣ̾һ
Ǵǹؼʱת䣬˵ˣѵҪػ

ɴѻ
ѣѵףҲȱǮȱйڼ֮յĻ׾ڣǵֻռһ룬ȽҲ㶼ܿ©ˡ

Բ

ûнԼͼ֮޹صʵ
Ҽ֮Ļ׾ʲô
϶ûеġ



ûл׾ڣܸ㱾˻ֲ
ֲֻᡭɲܡд

ԲĽŤصļ֫ؽڡ
޳ϣǲܸģǿԽôЩֻܷ֫飬ȱ㡣

Ȼ˫ۣ




48.   48    ֪˵ǰ

Ŷݼ֮Ҳ㾫ͨ, ȻװȽţȴ޷Ƚϵ̫̽ĵ

ԲʹӦ̣زֱ˹
, ҲȽշ硣ǿʼɣ

֫ȱ, һƵļ̨ϣһҡεĵľż, ĽԲľ
æͷóһС̣ʼ⡣
޳, Щһ, һζ׷󹥻繥ؼ汸󷨣ܱ֤, Ҳڻʱؽ֮㿴

Բһ߽һʾڽȺͽŶоһ, ֹȻ, Ҳ⡰֮򡱵Ķݼ֮޵ˡ

û뵽֮Իо͸
ϵŲϸ, һװȽȫͬ

֮, ʹά򵥡
ֻҪͨļװٽӦ̰ȥʹá

ʱףȻϸԲɶͨĵȴڸ, ޷Լά

պʦ糿ȥˣԭܸһ£ⲻ, ֳɵģˣ

һ׻Ƚţܱ֤ܿȷ֫

뵽ˣԲ⵽ɳƵɤӶ첻١

*

תʱȥԲûȴ˽žߴټϡ

Բǡ

޳ϣһ£վ۵̶֫ͬ˼·ԼŲʦǹٺۡ

ŽԲںõȽż֫Ĵߴԡ
вٱȴ˷ܵĲܲˣһһţһһ¡

žļҾĽԲᣬֱ

мл
ѣ벻СС֮ͣʣµӦÿԼȻ֪ǵĹأ֮±ز͸¶УλʦҩҲóˡܻأȡ衣

ԭԼͼ֮ûϵĽԲҩѣʱһ𣬲ˡ

벻һû˻꣬ܵһҩǮ
ֱȴӮģ

˳¿Ӧ
ȻˣǾͶл޳ϡ

¹𣬽Բһ¡
޳ϡ֪ɻҽλ޵ʧ֤֮

ʧ֣ڵĻ۾

͸غһ۾ͿϵϢ
Ǹҽޣȴҵϲȷǹַˡ

õĸԲ
Ҳ

Ǻεݣôĵⴥ壿
̫ࡣ

ԲλǰĿķҶţֻӦ

ɫŽԲȷȷֻݵǣǸޣŵ
ҿ޷㣬ҲΪԼҪΪһޣ˼һЩصҽҪ㡣

Բ콵Σٴξϲл

ȫԵĹɫڣɴʶٴӲġѪ֮塱

*

ԲߺȽװãַȻ˳࣬¶ζЦݡ
벻Բͼ֮йأˣǿԶЩˡ

ҩͯʾ⡣
޳ϣң¸顣

ɫĦ˷ָ⣬ǾԲͼ֮йص

ͬŻڻشʥβʱ֣Ҳ
ңǱߡ

˵ˣҪա
ǡ

*

Բ֪Ǻˡ

װһʮĳɫʯӣһ·սľĵ˺ͶԼõĲ¥

޿ҲŰ

ڽݹСӵźϳǽԲĴ
Сʦã⣡СЩ׺Ǿ¥ϣ

ԲͷñԽϣݡ
£Ӿ͹һ
ڻشʥֵһ磬û˵ϳԡ

ǴĵһۣתͷȴСˡ
ͼݣʮϺϺõĲֿϣ̫졣

СһߣʦöһЦ뿪ڡ

СʦãиϢҪ㣡
ʦ֣иöҪ㿴

£ʾȿ

ԲٺһЦƿһǡ
ʦ֣㿴

ֻ佭Բɫ䣬Ȼ˸Ĺҵĳɫʯӡ

вµʯӡ
ΪԲ㼸ɫʯӣû뵽Ȼǳɫģ

һڲæɨȦְ¡
Сʦãⶼȥս̨ϴǮʱӮôࣿ˵ڵڣ߽ʿʤս̨ԻӮ𣿡

ΪʲôСʦõӣȴ̨ʱҪɣ

δĶٴδˡ

Բ̵ģüë裬˿ûоʦֵľ
ʦ֣ս̨û˵ôΣգҲӮһʮ򣬻Լ˻شʥֵ޳ϸʦǿһ˰ɣʱʦʦһ˳Щ

㶵ͷûͨԼڶ׵ʱСʦôͰ¶ˣ
ﲻͣϺӵĽԲԵԲͻȻʧȥʦֵĿ֡
ڴͬʱйɹԺдĵ׻

˭ҵСʦúͰԲһ
ȣ˲ң˹֣ڵʯܡһϺ

תֿյһİ룬صʵ
ţҲֻҵСʦġ

˴ƵڽܿٺٺһɵЦ

ĻŶЩܲʱ¥̤̤ڳŭݵι

éڵİ

һ¥һ߲źۿʵԹ
ʦǹ֣ӦҪˣµͷ˵˲ϣôҵĵطⶼʲôѳԵĶǸ˶ԣ

úʿĶɼһ͡

ֻнԲ˵ŰӣҶıɫ

ŽԲԼƺˣҲʼĺȲ衣

ˣȴûװ

ž
һΪʿվΪ׵Ļ굤ֱӽĿӳ˹ȥ
ѵѵëŮޣ

ϧӷɳȥҪŰˣȴɲɵı¥׷é彣ָס

é彣һº̬ͣȹֻв˼Ǹ⡣
굤ڴԲΪȴķ˳
λԲסСʦȱЩѵŴҳԷˡ

ɫһ͵
λǰǸ

Ҳŵˣ̲סɪקé彣°ί
أʦ۸ңǶ۸ңءҪؼҡ


װģĽԲࡣ

ҲͰˣôˣ
֪˵ǰϻ
ӣС˵׵ڻҰ

é彣Ϊ굤ڴԲ޵ţ̬ȭͷܴΣ

ԲջߣĺͶ
ʦ֣ҪǺһĶ˴򣿡

͵Цһ
СʦãҲû˴ù㡭

Բ
ȻĶԾҵɡ

ֵ
絽Ѿֹ߰˻ˣҪΪһҪϢء

ԲѾĸɹϺڶֵֶֶ͹഼۾һ֣ʲôϢ

Χѡ
é彣ͰУֻΪ˺éڵ˽ƺڴһؾ䣡˵ǵطǰ¹ž׽٣Ŷˣé彣պͻѰ⣬׺Ҳţ

Բ۾˲úˡ
ؾ׺ҲţܶᱦˣطĶҪҪǰȥţ

ΪǿĽﾢֹ˶
ڵĻŶ̲ס⿪q(s^t)rһ
q(s^t)rؼʱ̣Ҳɵô

һЦ
ϢѾ¿ˡʱȥ˹Ʋ٣Ǿͻڶ֪

Բٺٵͷʦ֣㻹û˵ǵطĶأ

סɿ
Ҹով˵£ҪѰɽͷڶﴦһ̶

ﴦ̶ž׽٣

Բüͷһ壬ö죬漴ϲ۾
ʦ֣ǵطòǡ

üѾЦһߣֻʦŵĺˡ
ԣڸɽϵȪף

СʦɽϵĴ췣󶼸㶨ˣȥѰֱսֵ




49.   49    ڣéɽȷʵܰܡ

ǵʦȥβ, ٺʦᱦ¶

סᱦļԲͶĻص˶ջ

ʦֺʦֵλʦȥʳˡ
ʦܡһû

ֻʣʦéһƽͻĴʦ֡

éһƽѾþƷǵɽƽȹ̺˻ǡ
ġѪϹƻлǵҲ޷ԭ
䲻, ܼʱס, һֱȥҲڻ

éһƽȴ⡣

éɽ츳ĵӣ
, һʱ
ڵ֮ӣ
֣ȴ˸ֻܲڻĻޡ

ƯڰյĴͽܣéһƽӶŨŨɬź
ܶ׼Щ, Ҳ¶˰ɣ

׷, ǵִ̫֣ҪУʹķ, 䵽񾳵ء

Ưڰеɽƽʱ۾
ʵʱضɢĸоʧ, Ȼɵ³һ, éһƽ°ݡ
лʦҡ

éһƽʲô, ֻ̾
лʲôҾ쾭¶, ѻĹⶼֵáɽƽӽøŬˣȡյڣ
½ӹéɽڴʦָеĵӣ

仰éһƽɽƽģû˵

û뵽ǿɽƽȴȻһЦ
ʦİɣһŬ, µʦָеΣ

ͽܾһ⣬Ҳջéһƽ̹ˡ
ÿã

ŤͷԲͶѾһ, ҵµİο
ԲӣҲܲɽȻ˳ˣϢǰԲŵһθϻֱ꣬ӵڡˣʦʣ˶ã

ͽԲһۣҪԥǲҪ˵滰ʱյ˴ʦֵĴ
Сʦã¶ţ˵ҲһʱСѧ桱£ܸʦ

éһƽƴֲޱ߷ɹＫعء

֪Сʦöĸʱ̼ͦĵιȥ
֪Ǽڳǰ޹˺ߵĿѧ취ͼ˶ٴ
εᱻ̼ƿڴơ

ȻʦܺʦѾ򣬿ɴǰҲǾγԲֻɹ
ڻûо͸֮ǰš

ԲͶҲôʦĶԣص
ʦҺʹʦһҲһʱʦֶʱһЩҲжʱأ

éһƽһ㶣ȴǸɫ
һʱ
µͻȻս˽Բ

ԲĻ˻Ϊ𽥼أش۹ԤԹ˵ǼӤڡ
һʱٶȣٹ͡

˸УԲ֡
Բ̽̽Ļǡ


Բû뵽һСʱ̽Ұ̾·ӡ
ѵʦڷԾˣ
Ķ¶ˣ
ôõʵݣֻߵһ

ԲЩѹĿжһꡣ

ʦֺʦһغͣһ΢档
éһƽȻ֣Ҳйڡ

ԥãǹԹ˹ȥ֡
ˣǽˣҪһġ
ѾռáԲ۰̫ãԼǸ˵ʵ

ϣʦԺ󣬲Ҫɱ
ҪһޣҲúûš

éһƽ̽˽Բ

˻
éһƽڵһ
ף
éһƽֵһ

ô£Բ񣬷ǰòűһλˡ
ΪʲôǷʵ˲٣
̽žɽǰ״̬ϲ٣

éһƽ΢ûӹĽԲ

Ҫ|ס˵ࡣ
ɻߣȴɬһƬܡ
᲻á

éһƽڵ
Բɽ֮󣬿ɳԹȹʲôĶ


ʻǡ
ʳԺȣ

Բʵһ

ɳԵ̫ˡ

żΧ
ʦСʦôˣɽ֮ԵıɽϺЩԹңһ磬ϺõʳУԵĲ굤ҲƷѵСʦ鲻ܲ

鲻ܲĽԲ
ҵԲ˺תéһƽ

éһƽɫȻ죬Ȼתܶĳࡣ
Բû£ˣĻ˻תɽµʳ̲Чãˡ

ܡ
Բʶڷһ䡣

ԼĻˣԼ
ԴƬѩ˺۾ͺޱ仯˵Ҳޱ仯
ҪȻҲڸɽʱѪϹֵɷһͷѪ

ºȻҲʱƷ굤ɲκκת

ֱս̨ϱΣѪڣһֱ
ǿ

ԲȻİסඵ

ʱ󣬷ӿһ·Ѫƽȣһᡣ
|̫죬Լջ޵а֮ˡ

Ȼʦ˵Ļȷʵתˣܿ϶ǣʲôת

Ϊʲôǰȴܿ϶˵չĻǸʵһҲʮ̹أ

ǡյĶҪǰȴҪ˵ǶĴڣӰ쵽ǰ

ǿһģһѩ״Բˡ

żȻ顰ӡ˵İŰ

Ȼͷͻǰһ£ҲţˣǰҲָأ

ԽԽ˷ܵĽԲ޲̾ͻݺͻǰøϧǰʦʦǻеۣ׸ĲЧãϺܱʵݡ


ԣһǧϢ۵Ȥ¡

éһƽͬɽƽصĽԲԹʳ۹һ󣬵óĽۡ

Ǿǣһ֡
ԡ

ҪԵıԵúãҪԵÿĿ֣

Բ

*

Ѷéһƽ̸˹¡
Ȼǰ˸޴ˣεĹǵʱȥڣǰʦӤڱףéɽھǰ

éһƽĵӡ
Բ̾һ

˻֮ǰĹĻ
ʦ֪ĵһڶѾڶҲҩڸССڲţҪŭѪģ

ԲʦһԤ롣
ӽһŵƷ굤Тȥ
ʦԿƷ굤ɣհʦȻˡ

éһƽ˽Բһۣ굤ƻȥ
ҲûⵤҩԼų԰ɣȵ˹һҪʦһУ



ԲʱѺõĽ顣
ʦʦʦǶ󲡹һѹ̫ڻָҾõľͦõġҹʱɢСɶμӣ͵ĵֻ಻٣ǰĿ궨ĵһЩøˣҲ̫ʧ

éһƽҪŽĶʦ˪ȴ˽Բ
Բô־Լأǵȷѣ˸ھҲһǶ̭ˣСʦܰ


˻һӤڵġСʦܡ
ڣéɽȷʵܰܵһЩ

ʱȴҿЩк̨ɳ֣Ҳʵġ
˵ʱŬôЩ
Բɴı졣

*

éһƽ˪ͳѩˣ̰Ǵ⡣
Ȼ˵ãɵһִ޶ôĿûμӹ

ϸ̽˪ͳѩéһƽüأ̾
ѩãֻҽͨɡɳ˪

δ֮ó˪ɫ

ʯĴʱΪ˸Сʦȡ㹻Ķʱ䣬˪ֱ˺ĻĶݷڻ˵±ѪϹִУѣûõˡ

ұ˷ΧУԲڼԼõ¡

ɫʯȡ˵ķŵϣüëٴοʼ
ʦʦ㣬ʦ㣬Ǳİҽʦֳȥ׬㹻ǮʦǲǮһȥУұ֤ʦǶܼʱμӹ

ԭ˸й͵͵ͬǣ
Сʦãôڲ˵Ҫ£




50.   50    Ϊʲôڻڡ

˸зΧ, ҵĿܿ켯е˽Բĳɫʯϡ

éɽʱɽƽҲֻéһƽżİɫʯӡ
ͷʮ򣬻ÿ³ͱشҪˡ

ǰɫʯ, Ȼ滨ƺͰɫʯһ, ôôÿأ

װ˰ʯĳɫء

ʦʦǾ̾͵Ŀ⣬Բֻóɾ͸б, ﱻµίҲɢ١

Ҫһȥйʱéһƽȴǰһ䡣
ԲǮǴĶģѲ㵽ͻķ, ΪЩ޵ģ

éɽķѵԭ, Ϊéһƽͬ꣬éڹȻԽȷ޵, Ҫְȫſľ

Բĳɾ͸˲ɹ⣬ֻСĴ, ⶼȥдս̨ӮǮ
ս̨ȻҲ, ôԵʱЩ򶷾, éһƽԾɫݵĶһ
ս̨ż, éɽλΪҪ񣬼ȻպȥЩط

ԲԹӦԽԽΪķѺԽԽˡ

ʦݣޱ߷, ʵȴǸ䴫ͳϵޣû׬ǮӪȴֲϲǮ, ûжҵô̻һţ

Բ죬ԼĽҡ
ͷװڹĸָʯֽʯԭõģб޻
ȴ˸󵨵뷨

ҪЩֽʯéɽڸһõҲԴԴ׬Ǯ̯̣

*

ҹʦͽڸԻطЪ¡
һĺͽԲƽһӡ

պĳ˪ͳѩ㵵ĿһĻ˴˶ӣЩȻ

ѩ΢΢üòԡ
Сʦáʲôʱʦôˣ

ǰѾԿ˷䣬ô˯
˪֪סԼĴͣ˸ɴܵڣͬҲһҹСʦδһԡ

*

ԲڣһѾĸϵһء
Сʦ㣬ЩϼЩµ˽ȫˡ㿴Ҳȥս̨Ƥо飬ڹǰܹУ

Բ˷ܣ֡
Ĺģֻ಻٣ǰİɣҽոѧЩգϣ

ڵȵϲʵ黷ڣԲһϿ۽ʯĲС
ǰ۽ʯܹ¶ǿŰɣƷϼѣԵ̵ʯˣ

һЦúͷ
ǰǰҲлһ֫棬һֱ׼صĲϣϧһֱҲˡ

ԲԼظ
ⲻҵˣǰģһܰ۵ģĽң

һĵĽԲüɫͻȻࡣ
Сʦ㣬мöע¡

Բ
˵ɣǰҿʼԺɾ͹˲ˡ

һ
ҶѾʦܣʦ㶼ˣǲҲûƺ


Բ벻
׳Ҫұƺʦˣ

ͷСʦֵ߼ζ˵ڣɴѡʦʦһƺ
ʦܣ

һӦˡ

*

˰װ֫ľ飬ԲӦ֡֫ߴͿʼžĥϡ

Щ϶㳣ͨܿ
Բ˵ģָһûӤڵĵæ
æҹɹֻƤ⻬⸡ֱۡ

˵֮ǰһõȣֻ˵ļװ汾
֧֫ĳ֣֮

Ϊ˾ƾԲ÷ͷЩԼ棬һھͺͷᶨܾˡ

Ҳܺÿ

ʴĥڤŵĽͭɫۺС۵Ĺؽڴ۽ʯΪᣬһ㵯Լõʯָѵɰڵ㣬ٴθڤӡ

֮⣬֫ڲÿؽڴʮŸ󷨣֤֫ĸжܹȻָʹ

ŹºʧɫĽɫֱۣԲԼĳɹʮ⡣

һҲ֫ĲڽԲʾ£ֵĽ֫ϱ۴ָһţʱȵ۾
Сʦáо

ǲ³һ

ԲЦļֱɵӡ

һҲЦɵӣǧлˡ

*

ȥݿգԲŲδЪϢ߰˲۵̺Ͳ϶ûʰ̾ͽ򿪣¶ϵİ

ҹСĿ꣬ɲǸʦ֣һλ

*

ڰĻΪԷʶЩ塣

żתĻţҲ˰룬öһ¡

Բ֯ԣڿڡ
ǰ

޷Ӧ

ǰ
Բֺ

ȻûκλӦ

ǰһĸ䣬ʲôûзӦ

Բ򣬸Ŀڵ
ǰһ£
Ȼ޶ݣɴֱӵĵ
֮ǰĻȹһ£ҵԭˡ

ӿٴţϤĵڴ
˵

ٸ飬Ҳȥʵ

Բ͵ЦԼĲ˵˳
ǰҵĹ۲죬ӦһӰȶպҪġҵĻ˺תҲ࡭

񸡹ǣȴ֪Ϊοʼ䡣
˵жҽĻˣ

ڣŷһ˿ԥС
ѵˣ
Ӧá

һս֪ĵʬȫ˴
˻ǵǽƵ£ǧȥҲһڵĽԲ֪ġ

ֻǡ⽭Բϻлˣ
ܹӡĽƣˡ
εĲǻˣ

˼ԲѪԼķӡͨ

Բ²⿪ǧƵĹؼ·ӡĹؼ
ȽƱ׽󣬾ţ

ڵĻɱһ˿ɺɱ⡣

ڴ򸹸ĽԲȴûע⵽ϸϸš
ǰ֮ͻȻӡʵΪ֮ѪͻȻƽԼʳ޵а֮ˣĻ
Բڵ
١һ»񣡡

ɺɱ仰ȻͣͣڻͻȻһ˿ֵ궯
סŵļ
ԡ

û뵽ǰʹ죬ΪҪĽԲʶ뷨
ǰ̫ʹˣ̫ˣ

һ˿΢ɲͣ޶ݡ

ԲΪ⣬ϴɾ֣񻺻˫֮䡣

ѩƵĻָдֲڣȴй˼ʵ
ഥĵطоһ񶯡

Բ֪뵽ʲôСವһ¾ͺˡ
ɤӡ
ǰڸоΣ

ڵĻŻڻĸ
Ľ༫仺ҲͽԲһִĿС
Ӧ˿˿ԵĲɳƣֻɸ䡣
ܺá

Բһɡ
˾ͺáٶһ᣿

ɡ

*

һʱ󣬽Բ񶼱ԼĲϵļ¶ҲƽϢöδв
֡
ǰֹֻܵˡ

ÿ˵»ָĽȡ

ںڹתӿ죬³ĸ֡
ռ

õǰ

*

Բպú̳ʶͷɽ鿴˵

ǵһζʱƬѩ˻һգޱ仯
ɽտţȴƺĶһˡ

ԲĦã˽ۡ
ĻѺۣһöɢѩһöɢĲôѩ

ͺ¶̫ߣѩڽڰʧˡ

Ҳ֪ս̨ͱǽҹһʱܽӴֵı仯
Ӧǰ¼ģˡ

ղǹɴĴУǸĽ࣬Բա

Ҫ˶תΪʲôڻú٣ȣ




51.   51    û²ſޣб´һ

һ, Բʦֵܰ˸éһƽǰʦȥͬʱʦһ

û뵽Ű첻Ӧһ, éһƽҹһˡ
ͽ, ӦԼˣʱǡشõĿ, ΪʦΪͲͬˡ
ϹУмպСĽ, ˡ

ȥиéһƽТϵȷµĽԲʮź
źܿͱϡشáתע

Դ, һ˫۾ɻ
ʦ֣شʲôʱ˻ᵽéɽͰ

ǵÿɽŵĻشҽޣŮԴɷ, ſڱտҪéɽڻǮ

ԭԲС˱ŵĵһλ˱, Ѫֹ
ǰҽҪǮҪɽ, ŵ, תͷ˻شõ

ȵ, ¶еְ
ô粻ΣƫƫʦɽգҪծĻشҽ޺Σ

ʱظɻ
СʦãʦĿɲʲôˣɽûˣشõҽ޳ûɽͷ

Բૡ
ǲѾ¸ûķʯ𣿡

񣺡
ǹ, Ǹʦˡû£ʦô϶Ӧԡ

*

éһƽصҷ, ̾ͻϤĲۣʯ̨Ҫծ

Ϊ˰ݵĲһЩ·ײĵʱƷʯһɥ׷ۣϺķһ㡣
һ²֪Բϸµķڽˣȥ֮ǰһԽ˺üµķڡ

ɥ׷ȴƤЩһü궼޷ɾĲҰ׺ۼ

éһƽҪԸȥҽޣӲ˵ԼϲûΪš|ڸ

*

һߣԲͬѾϲϲĴ͵˹С

һȥʵֵһؾͻƨɵĸȥս̨Ѱ˱Ȼˡ
ѾǸӤڣսԲȡʦʦ㡱ĵķСʦܹɽϣʦܺСʦһ׬Ļ

ͷ磬˵ȥҩӵкúùһȦ

һʮ򣬽Բ¸ҵǰ档
յĺɫΪŵŴ󲽣һͿϣӡݵӰ塣

ЩСµš

ں󿴵͵Ц
СʦǮԺ󣬿ǵӴˡ
ǰΪСʦóˣţǸô

۲ϸ΢ĳѩͻȻһ䡣
ûоãСʦЩ

ôͽԲͷʦ˾ʦڹŷ׷׵ͷ
ǲ̫һСʦǰɽϵʱӹϸܻ᲻Ծż磬ģɽȴͦμ硣ͷ㣬Ҳûɽʱݵôˡ
СʦԺ󣬱ǰɰˣ
ǽϿţɫرɫҲܺã

͵͵ĽԲһˤƳ۶
ɫ󡱡ɫáԭ򡭡

æӿ켸ɬĶ㿪ʦʦǵĿ޺ը

ɽƽڻ鿴ŽԲԶŻ̾һ
ʵ˵ûʦʦı֡ɽ֮Сʦһչ˵ĵӣźе£չ˺Լ

΢΢ĬٿԲӰʱۺ𣬻йοԺ

ѩĴ
һСʦЩʳĵҩӦöܲģ

۾뷢

*

󷻱пࡣ
м룬͡Ҳ࣬Ѱҡ

ҺܿһҿڱϺõ
СЩм󷨵ſھӿ뼸ϤӰ

Ϊ׵ĺȻé彣Ͱ
ĹĵģһžͳС˴
Ͻмó

ǻҪԲ÷̣ЩΪ

ƢʦѩʶãԲȴͻȻĴ
Ƽң˵Ҫúʵ𣿿ȥ

СʦôӲ£ѩµ⼸éڵ˲Ը

ӭߣٴȥ̣תá

û˴Լը
ߵԲǰ˵ԲʦʦȴĬǰվһţ벻õŭ
ưһ䲻ԣֱӳ֣

˼Ҵ߸ˣֻé彣ڵĸͬţƻȲ
¾Щˡ

񻹹һ䡣
ļûëķųҷ֪ͣ𣿡

é彣ԭں󾲹䣬ɫһ˹
ͰһĸûдΪĽƺۣ굤ڴԲΪ·𿪣ԴЧƱ˵

ԲֲǵһںµǲмƲƲſڱ
һ굤ڣһ굤ڴԲ͸ˣǿЦ

᰽УֻΪ൱Ϊ߲ܿͬ׻ͽʿΪ

é彣һԲ֪Сģȴھ͵ԼͰΪʶãǰ߸˲ǡ
ͷת󣬷ġȻڿеɫҲ޸ҶƮƮԭ
ĴЩĳ

˻۴õĶǣé彣ǱקŰǸ

һףֿʼӵָ۸Сŵģ·һ޹
أʦ֣۸ңǶ۸ңء

Բһ֣Űһ䡣
Ҿ۸ôû²ſޣб´һܰ
ϻߣӳ˼

ʦ־ң
ͣæ˵ԼҴʦϡ

û뵽ԲĿо⼸ûãé彣ŽԲһ˲أȴԽºͣƢĵ
λ벻ҪŭСʦõȷòԣǵǸ

Сǡý˳
Բתעûٺⱻ߻˵İһ

ɽӴĸ߽󷨲ࡣ
ӤڵѪɷɱ󡣻ڵĴ췣ȱһ룬ֻǸ
󷨣Ƿ

뿴᰽ɱΰڵġ

ЩչܷɫﶼֻЩǳĻܺЧ
µҪ򱻸߽ʿԽƷӡסݣǹ򣬷޷

Բ˰죬ѡʵġ

ڤͱױ
һǿʱ⻯ﵽǳĹЧ
һԭļ

ѡãСɫۡ
λǰɱļ۸۸ߣҪƷʯ

Բ۵סԼһĳʦʦǴ
ʮɱôһӼʮ񲻺üˣҶ˵Ҫȥĵطڿˣ̫̫ʦʦ㣬Ҳˡ

ͷôھѧĶȻǮ㣿
εĿױȰ

ȴİסĸ첲
Сʦãɣé彣ԡǱǺٻɾͲˡ

βƳé彣ڹ۲߸ԲݺģӦˡ

յߣé彣ȴͻȻָŽԲɱ̵
ңﻹڤͱױҲҪ

Сʶص
ԲסˣǵΪأǶһݡ

é彣ȴq(s^t)rһ
ҳʮöҶҪˣ




52.   52    ٵһ

é彣ƵĻһ, Բ֪Լݱ¶ˡ
ʦ˶ŸƵĺɫۣǻӤʿҲΪݲŶԣé彣ôģ

ܿ, ֪ࡣ

Ϊ׺һʿ˽
ǵһžĶס˽Բ, ڹһݵζǰĵСȫͬ

Բʶòԡ

׺ĺ۵ޡ
ҲŸƵķ, ȴϡм졣

ǻ굤ڵԪ
ӡȽһ¾˳

ԲʦֽӼۣӱ˴пɱ⡣

Ԫףɱ, Ȼδ|, Ҳéɽڲĳˣ
û뵽Ԫ뿪ң󣬾Ͱ׺Ͷéڵ£
ѹôҶҲ

׺վé彣
éʦ壬ʦ, ǸӾᵽéɽڽԲڮéڵ, ʦֶ, ʦΪ

û뵽ô, ܱ˵, շǰ׺ͷ۸δʯըˣԲʵʵڵɱ⡣

é彣ԲڮéڵʱɫѾ
ȴûֱӶ֣ƳСˡ
㻹ŸʲôûҪ˫ö𣿻͹

СˣһƲ, һŰ裬ϲð飬˵

ƹԴӺð˳
ҲֻǸ굤, սţϡȡöɫɱé彣Ǳߵ
͹Ī׼ܡﻹöӲɱһöħɱһöӰ󣬶ܲٳ߼ۣͬƷʯһ

ֱԺȵ
Ƕʦֶ˵Ҫ˫ڤͱױ󣬲ҪʲôħɱӰ

⣬⡭ƹҲʼð

޷ʱԲȴͻȻɫʯһţ
ң˫ٷһʮ򣡡

ˬҭס˶İҲöʦʦ뽩סɫ

񰵴½Բ
СʦãղŻ˵ʮ̫ôתͷӳȥʮǻشһµķڰΪ˺ïֵã

ǾĶȴԽԽһˡ

ԲȴŤӣĲͶ񻥶
Ҳ¶ˣɴཫñҲժ£¶һűȰĽ

ϵı飬Ƕ԰ĲмͶé彣˵Ĳ
ϧ˫ǹĴ۾̫ʹЩԵЩ

ĽԲq(s^t)rһ
q(s^t)réڣΪôҳʮҵ˰ɣ

ͱѪͷԲ¶Ȼ԰ȴٸӾ£ԽʱԣҲſڱ
ʮ͸ţ²ǳҪģңҳʮ򣡽һҪö򣡡

ԲҪۣһƢʦѩ̲סŵһ

ɽԲһû

ʦʦǶΪСʦҪܲ˵ٺһʮʱԲȴͻȻӻ

СһȾͰѽŴֽ
ѽʮأ˼ҪҪ𣬵ңǰɣéڲеĸҵڣҪʮأéɽڣٳҲֻ˸ɫʯӡ

ʦʦ㣺
éڣ

ԭСʦņ̀۰

ķӦһģϧյƹѾö߹ˣһǵĺ˰ף࣬Ȼʮ򣬿ȴŻüֱҪˣ
ֻܱһŭ
ڿң

ûȽԲ˵Ѿӹ˻ͷ

ʦʦֶһ
ϣʱҪʮʱ˵ڿˣïڸòǿʡǮ¸İɣ

񱾾Ů࣬һʱֹ֡
ƹС˶̲סȥ

é彣ͺˡ

ȥȻʮ򣬿éڵҲˣ

ֱӴӽȡɫʯӽƹļ֮ĽԲ⡣
Ǿʮ򣡲ˣԲ㡭ܺãϣҪ㣡

ԲͲأéڳԱֵԴȪ
ĳԷ֡
αԼʱ䣿Ҫȥ󰵷üأλĻһ𰡣۹ܺõģʱǻ߼ҿеĶıۣ㹻ˣ

㣡
é彣㣬һ㱻ԲƵĶ֡

ڽԲڴУȴסɱ˻ȥקŰ˳

׺ʧܣڶβݵ˦˽Բһǰۡ
ȴĶ˽Բʦ߸ɱ۹⣬нβͼæͷ׷Ԫ󼹱ǹɢȥ

źĲͣš
ղ־ᵽǸڵĽԲȴƫƫͷé彣ţһŭǱʦֵ̹Ƶã
ʦ֣ôܾͷŹǰéɽڵǸԲ˵ʲô굤ڣŲǸڣǺô

é彣ӿķУûǴӽͳɫĽƷ۴ˡ
Сʦã˲ò࣬ǸԲ򵥡аȥΪ

ѵʦŤͷ׺飬õȴǴ
׺飬ǸԲվֱӽڣҷڿҡ³㶮á

׺Ͳָ췢ˡ
éʦ壬ҾԲϴģҡڻش⻵éʱ򲻹ڣʧգٳҾͿΪˣҪǾ˾˺ָ̫Ծһڹ

é彣һЦ
úú̽̽ĵϸҵΪԭˣ

׺ͷ
ǰʦ壬İɣѾѸɽؾ¶ˣȵȪףȫʦˣ

é彣䶢һۣתͷ뿪
ģҲպ󣡡

*

ڣԲʮƷʯƹƼö

һս֮Σƹһ߽һ߲Ŷ¡
ϻЩġ
͹٣öʵҪЩģҿҪ򡭡ȣùġ

ԲѾǮ˵̽ö򳭻ػ
ң⻹˵ģͬһöҶǮˣ

ƹɥЦ
Ҳ˵˵ߺá

*

׺û飬ּ򵥹˹ʹͳ˪ѩȥشʥβ

·ӷʱһս̨ϺսʶһСʦһʮĵط

û뵽նս̨ȴûʲôˡ
һǲӰ

ֻʣ¹Ļǰ

ƣս̨ôô壿

ưڰ֡
ٵˣһĹ˵̨ȥʯͷѰԼȥˣ

ٵ񣿡
ֹԲɻˣ¹ɽɽƽ˶ɻѯʡ

ۣǰľǸپˡоͽ굤ڴԲܵڹŮޣʱ̬
λмû˰ɣٵǰųÿһ
ֻĽףջڡڡ굤ڡӤڣսδӸߵŰ
˵һڣÿ׶ˣԴҶȥˣϣԼҲŽ

ȷʵЩ˼

ͼʣʯĶ

巻е̨㳡ϰߵʯͷǣ

ֻǻû˵̨㳡ʧһͻȻж

ԶԶϳԲĹӰٶŤɸ޷ı顣
ǧԲ۳һ仰
Сʦ㣬˰

Բţ
ʲôͣ

ҸոȥٵʯһİףдéɽڽڣéɽֻһսɣǲСʦ㰡Сʦ㣬Ȼǰٵڵĵһ˰

Բ
ʦʦ㣺




53.   53    ԭʱСʦ


ֹٵڵһˡ
Բʵеѽ⡣

ʦʦ, ʦһڣΪͬ

һһ˽Բԭ

ǲ֪ԲΪɽжŬʱץʧֻܵǵðɣСʦֻ˰ʱץסˣ
кɽ, Сʦñ׷ŵʱ, ܵر죬֪ȫ
٣Ҫ˵, ʯĴʱСʦòأһ˾ͽǶ£ѪϹֵĻӤˣ͵͵ݻԻ󷨣
Сʦõ츳ȷʵ޵ֲһ

ԲʦʦǴһٿ䣬ûΪʷĹȥ, εļֱҪýſ۳һٵˣ

⻹, һҲȥڸɽϵı˸⡣
СʦþȻһڶûа취Ĵ췣ʦʦڳĬ

ԭ, ǲڵʱСʦòţư

һмڳš
ȵ, ʦ, ո˵, Բ־ܻ, ܽ̽ʯ

һ֪²˵ͽԲһۣĬĿʼڻ
ǣǷʯϿư˵ˡСʦ츳ţǳţ

ֹСʦҲţ

ԲҲǻ, Կ΢΢졣
ǰʦʦ㣬Ҿǿõ㣬ǿ̷, ʦ̫˵ˡ

һ׾ͱԲ˵һ
Сʦص˫һŶţƵŶݼ֮أ
һ鲻ԽĹǣԼѡéɽȷѡ

*

󣬽Բͷͬ˺嵽ʯǰհԼ

ʯ巻е̨㳡ϣƽʯ㳡룬ƵһڽɫķʯԶԶɼ

ʯ϶¸ŵİʿ֣ǰٵ

ԲãԼܵٵһӦûܿЩϤ֣û뵽ʯڡ굤ڡӤеİ׶ڵˡ

ɣսһɡ
˵׵ĵ޶ʵ顣
ֻϵĲԡ

ԲƵһС

ΪƯĽְ񵥣ȻϤڱˣ
éɽڽϡ

֮£ڶģǸڵĵޣڴԲ--ʯ顣

ʿǹ񵥺ʧ
Ҳкܶˣһս̨񵥣Щڵػô

ˣһİҲȷʵˮˣҼǵһηŰڵļͷǼֱģȴֱ˸⣡
ڿ϶д·ҪȻֱҲֱȫʧҷȽϺ棬ǸʯΪʲôڻӤڰϣ

ڶЩŷţµģշʧ飬ɶ㣡翴ˣѵͲǸéɽڵĽ
ٵϲ˵éɽڷҩǸСţ԰ϵֲŻᱻ

Աߵĵһ
СȱԴȱǮǸתͷͻᱻˢ°ҲͶȡɲűٵ׫дע⵽ˡ

Ϊ佱СʦõĻû뵽е޶éɽںͽԲ֮Աǡ

߸Ҫ磬ɽԲȴӲ뿪̨㳡
ʦʦ㣬Ҷ԰ٵȤʲôװβģֲǮǸϽҪĶ꣬ʦȥɣ

Ҳֻ˼ֻ֪׬Ǯо󷨵СʦòŲںЩˡ

񼸸ĴһһĸԼСĿꡱ
µ׹һҪñһʱۼʲôİٵһɲʲôӳɾܻͷ

Բֱ顣
ʦʦǲ֪ĻȻֱһ⣡

*

˸˴֣ĥĥգڷÿ˽ң˳õҩ¡󣬻ʦɽƽһ޿õϵȻ걦֮ǰ˪ͳѩͽ˻شʥֵĴš

ڣֻҩͯԽӴ
ȻˣԲһ֣̺òõĵźţĩ˻˵ûܼʱӴ´νԲȻӭ

ɰѶϡˡ

ӡУҽȫҪծģéɽ˾ͺ޲ôͷŰǹծ˻شʥ֣ȻϱĴ

оֱ̫ˣ

õǽĺܿ죬ڿһգָλʦѺ󣬽Բٴγ˰ɫʯӵˡ

ϧվ͵ûé̽ؾĶϸɽûʱȥ̯ʯ
ս̨ϸԻ경˹棬ȴؾ֪滹ûá

*

Բ˯ţصջֵ˺͡ǰһһʱ䡣
ɴ߶߶

ǰҷǮĺѡֲʦǷ»شһǧծ񣬻ţǻǷĸ࣡

ת

Բȴʧ
ֻҸйĵطɺܶ໰ֲܶʦʦǽûǰһĸ䣬ˡ

߶
ǰŵʱ򣬾᰽ͨҲôҪҺ˹ϵҩѣʦͨҪһҲҪǮԽԽ࣬ΪʲôȴоԽԽʲô𡭡

ڵͻȻһ͡
䵱ĻžȻĻһ䡣
һֱûԭ򣿡

Բʵһ㶡
ǰǾö㣬ҷĶֻҪͨͲκ˹עȴӽȡ˳Ԥϣȡʤļʾܴɣ׺ģֱӾӮˡ

źò׶˵־Բµһ
öĸֺôлٲһ䣬Լࡣ
Ҳϲ

طĵĽԲˡ

Ӧ£ˡ
ǰǲϲװڶ𣿡

š
ŸĻһ䡣

ԲͷԼͷŵĴһ顣
ҪҰ󵽸첲ϣ𣿡

ҲȻ⣬ɻͷװ˸еĻޣԲȥһء

ŲⱻǶֻҪԲţץסһлɶƣٴθĻһ䡣
ԣ

Բ£ð˸۰ĵĻأСϡ

˽ԸĻֶ߰q(s^t)rΪʹ͡
ǸҪཻ

ԲǰһͻȻľʵüͷ

ǰһϲ໰ôͻȻᵽ
ѵӦʦβĿĲ򵥣
ˣʦǻ￴أĻ죬ʦȥҪʣ

½Բ˯ˣҹλʦըž
ûἰĲԾ´ݾߣֻѯʦ

˪ܿ˻š
СʦҪģʦѾͨ룬ҲƷ鵤Ϊ׼һжá

м䣬޼Լõıλų֣˵λʦĺܺá

ɻǰӲԣһΪ״

ԲҲֱ˵ֻѵĵȵеĲҪ׼һǰȥ˹С

㰵й۲һپҪҪλʦ

*

ԴӱԲȽź󣬾ԽƵȥս̨ս
ʱˣն档

Բʱɣһִٵĵޡ

սԶˡ

̨ͬʱã˾ˣЩ졣

ȻΪĻ굤ȴΪ֫ȱ±Ľڵżж͡

ԲΪ˰һȱ㣬֫ڵ˴ʯİۣ͵ʱá

ɽտٶȣôʯеٶȻҪϲ٣
ҶŲƼҲԤٶҪѸݲ١
ͺ񣬸ûװʯ

ԲȻһ




54.   54    ʦһ׸ߴﻤ

ڽԲԾʱ, ջУɽƽҲڽܹĵİθɽؾĶᱦ֮С

ȥɽȻ꾡ĵͼ, ǲܵġ
ų̿, гȥ̽·ȰԲȥ㡣
˾ڹš, ׹ʦܸڶߣȻʾͽ׺Ԫ
ȥ̽ؾҲܲѰı, ׺Ԫ, 

ûɱѪϹѾЩΪɽƽħ|ɱǼӵİ׺ԪŹéɽڿɾ̫ˣ

תɻ޺ӴºͶ÷â¶Ĵʦ, ĸѪӦ

*

һռƻ, ؾ͸ϵ˹ӷ¾¥, ҪéڹӶѰһ

ֻյ¾¥վ, ͷһ, յ˽Բš
ʦܣ֮ǰļ֫϶Щİڹ㣬ͷһңã

һĲ϶װ֫ģʣһѡ
̸Բš

Сʦ㣬Ҫò, ﻹв١á
ô˼
ͬΪʦţ㶼Ѹ֫ˣТʦЩ, οʱҲˡ
ǡҾͲˡ㻹ǵøиӣΪЩԶԶ

ԶԶ
Сʦɶ
һͷ΢ԤУ¾¥Լһû֣ɴתȥӷ԰ｭԲϡ

*

Լ巻һ̯ǰϡ

һʱ򣬽Բǰּ̯ۻۣһڽʯؼ׵Ƭ
һƷʯ᲻̫ˣͱȸڶ˸󷨲λ˵ɣǧ

̯죬
Уһһ򣬲ܱˣһղſĥ״ͨ󷨰۵ؼףȥẓ̇ؼ׶ܵˣ

Բֱָ̯򸽽ֵ̡̯
̯˵ļ򵥣˭ؼ׵ƬϷ󷨣һŵĲըˣֱѣ㿴һӰ̯ôֻ࣬ûţҲǳ˰ɣ

̯ԸɿڣƳΧ̯ӹüϣʶʼżˡ
˺ģǰĽʯؼ׵ƬƳȥ
ǰܸˣǧ;ǧٱˣ

Բȴûһǰ̯ϵĸؼ׵ƬȫһЦ
ϰ壬ĸҶҪˣ

̯
һ

ԭСʦ㲻ֹ˫Ŷݼף۵ļҲʶؼ׵Ƭгͼ۵ȷǾǧƷʯ

ԲĿؼ뿪

һϤгĴ·ܿͬʯƵȼסۼףȻͷʱ
һƽڰ಻סСѯ

Сʦ㣬ܹʣʮʯôͷؼȼ
ǽԲԼãһ׾㹻ˣÿһףһȷ

ѵСʦ㲻Ҫ֫

Բ𰸡
ЩǸõģǸʦʦ׼ġȥɽƻᵢʱ䡣ʦ޿ڹʵڷĲ£Դһ׸ߴﻤס

ߡﻤף
һʮİ۴Сʦ˵Ī;øߴ

*

Բ޷νĸߴﻤ׺ĸߴܴ
һװˣֻԸ࣬øߴﻤݸС

ȻʯƳɵĻֻƷףұֵ֤ףϸߴﻤ֣
Ͼͷ˾žŰʮһɱ󡢻󡢻Ϊֹоţһף

ԸʦǣȻԲ˶ߣ

*

һνġߴﻤסϡĲУϧʱ䲻磬ûéڵѰֻüԲװ첲Ͳ뿪

Բһæָɣ㽫̵ãŵλ

Ʒû壬ͷη֡
ϰ˿ӳ˰ֱ۵װ°Ͱ״ĻĻϥһ·㴦ͷףϺŽʯеĺڽâ
ս

Բǳ⣬̽ʦѩ͵͵г׸ߴﻤ׽

ѩȻƵĻףһͺͳĲͬ
СʦãĶģ˲Ǯɣ

Բ֣񽫸ߴﻤ׵ʹ˵У˳ѩ
ʦ㣬õĶƷʯģҲʮϽպá

ִʦ㶣䣬뿪

*

֮󣬳ѩڹɫ˻شʥֵꡣ

ҩͯǰ·¶ۼ̽ٵǳȥ𣿡

ѩһЦĵ
ǰʦܲңǰЩԵĹһԸЩǶزˣ޳ϴԼʲôʱ

ʵſڴ˴̤

ñժ£ѩ̹Ȼֱǵ۰̣ȫһҽ޸еͨ͸
ٵѣȲͨʦö˻Ǻô۵¶̵סĳİɣվָֻܹͨǵʱΪ͵ˡ

ѩشƽᣬĵ
Ǿͷ޳ˣ֮ͨ󣬻鷳գҲʦһˣӺ뿪

Ȼˬʵͷ
ȻҩͯޣǽûչҲ㡣ջָҲȥȥ׼׼һҩֱͯӽҵžС

лϡ
ѩٶлʧú⽥

Сʦ˵Ĳز¶Ǻͳ˪ܵģ

ͨһ²ֽ̫ţһȴΪΣգݲһ˿

Ļ죬͵þˡ

ѩ򻳼䱻СʦĽңᶨ

һΣǾԲʯĴһ޷صĽ֣

*

һߣԲӹд˶Ϳʼٿ׷ʦǡ
һ˵ʱٲ׾ʲô󷨿ʲôһʯԤƵʱ仹ʱ˸ɽɽ

һ˵Ѿ˸ɽţԭЪϢҪӱɽϣͶͷ

ԲóԻ경һƬҶܿҵ˶ȪһŻϵĶ

ع۲ΧһƬ£ϳСʦõˡ

һæ
Сʦã㵽ˣ

ԲĻƵģ£ʲô
ʦ֣ΧôôޣòᶼѰؾᱦİɣ

ֹ
һҡ
ôʦȵ㣬ôۣĸȥǸ˲Ұ׺飬Թ˲Ͼˣ

˵ʶһͣ
СʦãܿΧЩ޵Ϊ̫࣬ǻãȥΣա

ԲΧɨһȦ

ȻҶС
Ҳиߵ͡

ż©ģһ֪ҵĵޡ
ϢɵģӦǻ굤ϡ



ԲɿһȦĬĬŵ
Χȫǻ굤ϵĵޡ

û뵽éڰνġܡô

˹Щúʹʦôˡ

˸ļ䣬ºɲɵһƬҶƮ˳

̬·ߣȻΧкͻҶһ޶ɽԲȴһ۽ơ
λ˳Ի̵ĵޣʶˣ

Ҷɼһ˲һϤԽ
ѣ

ѣټǿİ
Բĵ۾

ˣõͷˡ




55.   55    Ȼǻͷ㰡

Բ˶ϵһͼһͷĻӤС˻
滹éڵĵ, ǰé彣
Ȼûи

Χ˴յĵǼڳ֣м͵͵ȴΪ׵̫ý, һĻȥ
ѽ

еУ
պһǲ, һ̻ӳȭ˹ȥ

Ǹĵޣȴ·ըСĵޡ

һʱϾ͸½Ƶ, һﴮڵޡ



⻬һĻýԲ̲סЦ
û뵽޵ôСгԻ̣¶ڶ

ԲŵϣҶȻ, , Щ굤ںͻӤڵʶɨҲֲϾȻˡ

ǰͷǼ֪Ϊ£޷, Ѿˡ

ϸ̤é彣ȴ
λ޲ż뿪, ȻͬΪȪ׵ؾ, éһ̽Ѱԣ

ЩȴûдӦ, ෴, ںЦһ
˵éһ޵ޣò|ɣ

⻰һé彣ɫ̳ȥ

ҪǽԲڶôڮéڵ׾˷
ĿŶԷ߼
λȥ, ֻ뿪ֺαҪéպҪٴ˵ԣéڱزưոݣ

İ׺顢Ԫ, ׷վ׳ơ

ϧݻǷˣȴûЧպé޵ޣƱ˵Ĵ߻

Ǽɢ޼ǲֵľˡ

é彣ǵıӰɨһȦɴȫĴ
λĵ޲ҲһεؾʵǶɽٴʿǰµؾ
ݴڴɽ´󣬱뽫޵;еıԵˣϰڵһԤУٽҴ뿪ڸɽıδΪ֪
éڣĳһʿؾ
ĳŵؾڵıԿƾλ¸ȡ裡

ǻ켣зĵޣ֪ô˵ġ
ĵһ㹴ʮλ굤ںͻӤڵĵޡ

é彣Ϊ⣬Щ˳ֶֺ˸ؾϢȻ֮ڡ

һ̬Χŵе޶վ
ԭֻжʮ˵Ȫʱվ˽һٶˡ

ԲҲվȺĽ

*

é彣˲ˣһ˵Ȫ׼Ѱؾڡ

ԲվλãͻȻ˵Ƿϸµͼ
ѣ㵱òѾ֪ɽϳ˴췣󣬻жɽٴµؾɣ

ԲԼãļǵŵͼȪߵλñ˸Ǻš
éȥվλ

ͷĿϺɢԽС
Ȼҿͼ̱㷢ָɽϵ֮ƽϣ£˵ɽж졣ժĹ¶һתת˭֪һϾеڡ

˵Щ΢΢ɬʶƳ۽Բ

֮ϵڶû̽һ̽Ȫ׵ܣΪԲ

Ʒʯʮʯ̻صƷڿʼչأͼһʯ
˵Ҳˣ˶ʮ䣬ʻɿ̵Ժȴô޷ɹ
ǿȥˣȴ޷ͽԲ̳һ顭

Թ켣λ֣ϰٴΣﲻҪĽɽԲȴѧĵһʱͻּ׼ޱȣ

ҲǴһ̿ʼʶԲĿֲ

濴ǰ㣬ֻǸ˫ĴŮޡ

ļִ͡ţߵյԭ

벻éɽʱ꣬˸츳㹲ĵޣĹŴȵĽпܻᱻ߸ˡ

*

Բ˿֪ڶ͵͵ؽ˻

ֻҪôһѣɿЩʯ
ǴˣǮ

ҲǴĿֱ̫ӣʦֶע⵽ˡ
ãԱ˴˶Ϥĺܡ

һ
ѣ˵Сʦ˲ٳԻ̣

滹˼Բ£ЩӦһ
ǰ˲٣ϧͿҪˡ

Ϊ˰ٵĸ£ЩӶڸŸĹ켣Ϣõĸպһס
뵽ˣصʵ

ôͻȻᵽԻ경̣ʦòںŻڿذɣ

ȻͷյԲʹӽק߰Ի̵

ΪеĲϱȽȫԲƳĳԻҲոеʯ
˿ϣҹŰסࡢԻ̣һһĺÿһһߵ

ǿͦһָߵĺɫԻ̵
ô

Ȼǻͷ㰡Բֿ
ͽ׵Ļԭһǧһסн׵þһЩǧһס߽׵ʱãԳΣһף

棺
һαԲ׵ʱеۡ
ֻ㡣

һӡ
ʮ׸߽ףʮнף

*

׸꣬ǰͷΧ۵ĵǾͺ

ڳˣںףǸСʹ󣡡

һǱ̽ϢĴž
Ϣ׺Ҫé彣ǸŽȥԪˣ

ȻԪ棬ǵȻҪȽٽؾ

Բ˶һۣĬĽԻ̴ϣֱȪ߶˹ȥ

治֪ʦüģĿĺȷĳؾڡ

ɶͽԲȴһգ͸Ĵʦɽƽʦ˾ʦڹŻˡ

Χĵ޼ǸҲȿֺĴ˽ȥЩ

éҲһʧڰɫĴڡ

ղŻа˵ĵضգ۹ֻʣʮˡ

ڽԲΪʣµЩҲҪһȥʱʮź۵Ļ굤ڵȴԪΧ˹ȥ

ԲĿһæʦǴ
ԣȲҪԪʮ޶ǻ굤ڣһģ

һ䣬ʮ޾Ԫųվ

Ԫ֣׵İ׹⽥ƽţ̧̧ͷ
ְɣ

ǣ
ʮӦߵȪһǣ̡

ϤĺڿнԲ̲ס𾪵ץסĶڣͲˡ

ħɱԪȻҪڣɱ˽ؾѰЩˣ

ħɱΪΪ֮ͬԽ࣬ɱӣһɣͻὫڻȫɱ
֪ɺؾеٳʲô״

ʮһӳֱںͶһ㽥ŨѪ
ܿ죬ԭ峺ĺˮ㱻¶ϸһʴķˣٲ

֮ʮ޲ϣʯվš

ߵĻ굤ڶ΢վӶԪ˷֡
ѣѾףڸýԼõİ˰ɣ

ԪȴҲδ

ֱǵִԪһЦ
|õɱֶѣǸòΪ˿òŻỨؽӡؾɣ

éڼɥصף´˵ȶ£ȻҪնݳ

ʮõɱԼȻԪڿˣΪ׵ĵŭһ
ڿ|ã|

һӣ˱ɢվλϣȡԪ˹ȥ

Ҷǻ굤ڣԪȴη壬ЦƮȻһ˵ĹԴգ

ԪȻڲ׾

ֻգ۹βһɱֱҺһԪͻȻһίڵأ

ɱ̳зķ

䣡

ɫһʱ佫Ȫ߸Ļ俪ƮһҶ꣡

ԪȴȻ

ˣٴιȳ֣βһɱ˺

ʮɱֱħɱ϶پز¶Ԫûþͱֻʣˣ

ԲĸһԿĵȴ֪˭һɣȻ֦

˭
ڿеԪͺһ̳Բߺһȭ




56.   56    ȾָҵĶ

ǵֱ˲¶, һ뷺źɫһðѪɫʴˣ˿ûее, ֣

䣡

ڽԲ˸ը, ʦ˾벻ֳΣƨq(s^t)rһ, ³һѪ
ȣ
ֱˣ

û˷ӦԲе;ΥԤһ̽ͷ, ˲ñ¶ͽǿ£Լڣ

Сģ

ԲѸչ, ԪȻڻֳΣһ˫Ҳһһ죬ĶŽԲ, ĺɹĺںɷŹĻȡ

˿ĶԲҲֻоԤ, ûֱһȻ, ڵʦ˾ĵɳȥ

ŻֵĽԲһ, ֱѪ, ³һѪ
ۣ

Ԫȴδͣ£ٴĽԲ

û뵽ƻıжΪԪͻȻܵı仯ʧܣ
˼Сʦã׷Ŀѣ

ʦСģ
ԲСģ

ԲСģ

ѪڣԪǰһָ, óԻһֱţٴ߶ʧԪ֮ڣ

䣡

Ԫһȴֻ˽ԲӰ֮ϣ

ԪǲԼȻûܴ, ĺһ̧˫۳ɨ䡣
ȴû뵽ֹԲˣĸʦҲˣ

ĹϻڿյϣйӿŨŭϯԪͷ



ٴ񺰽гԭֻеĺںŭһһεϣ

Ϊ죬ǴԪгģȴһӶͽվԸʴһƤ⣬ԪһɭȻֲ

ƫƫԪĹŸл

Բ˶ˣõɱҲڿ϶֮ܣԪ㽫ŭлϣ

һʱ֮䣬ݻٴȼһĺɫλ

ǻӣҶȼһͽƬȪΧճһƬأ



ԲѾ˾ڹŷ˸±һɽڰ|Ѩڡ

ֻñԪкڱһ޴⴫궯Ѿ־ԽԽģĸо

СʦãоôιһƷ굤ɽԲɫǷֵ졣

Բҡҡͷ
˵;Ű޷ѹƣͺԼһ

о̫֣Щ˱ǰҪŻѪףȴȻһ𣬽ԲòȻ¡

ͷʦ˾ۼ⣬һ
Сʦãôˣ

ڽԲ󴦣֪ʲôʱֳںϸߣϸ߼ǽԲ飬ɫ԰ףզȥѪһ

ղԪϵ״żˡ
ˣ߿϶ԪйأǲǸСʦ¶ˣ

Ƕ
ɽƽһͬȣ̲ٴοڵ
ԪˣϵĺɷӦǱɷڶⸯʴȾͼ|£СʦãǱɷڵϮֻҪʱӦþްˣ

һɣû˵ĶڹｭԲɷ

ɷ֪ʲô룬ҲֻƵػ䣬޷׸

⡭һЩˡ

ô죿

ڼλʦֻʱԲȴͻȻݻָǣ۾
λʦ֣ҸоЩˣԼԡ

˵վֱȶסɷڵ󣬽ְǰϢ

ʦĵطһɳƶһһָ
ɷ֮ʱ֢ҩնԷжʩЧɶϹȡϥβͬʱ飬Ѩ

ԲջǰָתʦǶ޲ߵɷϸߣһһεĴָ⣬ջΪһϸ̣ʧ٣

ɷһԲ
۾ȴһɲȻĵۺ졣

ȼָ˵ΧһĽٺ
Сʦãа취
ǰСʦãôģ

ԲǫĽţ۽ȴƳºǿ鱻ڱϵĻλá

ĵĸڴ
ǰʶ㣬ʱѣҪæҾҪԪˣл

ڵһ䣬·ղżĲ
أ£Ҳܡ

Բ𣬾λǰӲĺܣոżš

ϴ»ָϤů⣬ڻڷ˸ٴĳ
òһ䡣
ɷҲȾָҵĶq(s^t)r

*

˵ȽԲָֻһ̾ۼ۸ζԸԪ

Բе󷨷ֽóסһɫ
ԪȻսȴ־ģ׶ŭǿԴһ֣ŭħɱڣʳ

ǰŻһϢСʦãӦ֮λʦֶЩȻ̾

ɽƽۺο
СʦĳˣҼǵðǰʱηηĶʦ棬ɽãܱʦˣ

ҲЦһɽͽԲദ֪࣬СʦõĲס

ȻÿÿֱãȴһζðΣգԱ֮£ʦּˡ

Բ죬վ
߰ɣǿҪ|ģԪˣ񻹳βܣسɻ

ʦüӹ󣬷׷׼ᶨͷ
ãս

*

±£Ȫɷ֮ȼգȴԪӰ

ĵȻͬϲӦǲġ

ԲŲԻ경Ȫ߸صĵطֳӰֻգ۹յԪٴδӰϮ

ϵɷ֮Ѿ϶ȫ

ԭŵĺɫҲʴһǿж仹¶һʴĳªƤ
ž͸յÿݵĺڻҵһ޶

ƫԼֻŽԲĴֵӰһٿң

䣡

𽥺ľԪϵɷԽԽŨԭܿƤҲʼٴθʴɼǡ

Ҳ֪ȥĶմһøúõĵû
Բ¶һ˿ͺܿתߡ

ʦǲ󷨸źţԲ̻Ԫħɱ󸽽

Ԫǲһ˿־ġ

ȪϷһȪˮʶͣ˶١

ɽԲȴûᣬ֮һŴӺбģͽԼ¯У

ħɱеڣ̷ӿֻգ۵ĹͽԪ˴ͷŵû



Ԫ֪ʲôʹˣĺںһ˲侹ȻָԼħɱʹĺҪӳȥ

Բĸվ⣬ʲô˲õĿʼ
ȾңȾңҲ

ϧѾĿȫǣʲôֻԽª

Բִû˿ݣֻ
Ԫ㵱||ɱ|˵ʱ򣬿Ҳ

֣ͬ⡣
㲻ˣ꣬ղպҲͬˣҲ㲻ˣ

˾ڹѪ嶯ֱӳԪһڡ
ˣǴԼ£Ǳˣ
ǣȪһǾȥ㣬һߣЩ

ԪڽϨٲš




57.   57    ¸

Ԫ, µĻȴýԲʰ

ħɱ󼯽ʮ굤ʿɱŴ취, ǴӴڳĵ޶ᱻħɱɱ, úԪһ³

ۺ֮ƻΪɱʴ, ֻøɷɱѹΪټʱ, 

ԲһװŰĻ

, ߶ʱͽħɱڵɱ

˾ǰ۰γȪٴλָһ޵׵̶

ɫĴһѾʼް, γ󣬾Ͳˡ

Բ, ɴʦɽƽʦ˾ʦڹڴ, ԲͶ̽ա

*

ԲԭΪ֮ͻᱻ漴͵ӦΪؾ, û뵽һ, Ͷ񱻴͵ͬһڡ

ټʯҵĲԶΧվһϤޣһͽİʮѰߡ

Բ
񣺡

ô£ոé彣˵ؾΪߵͣԶ͵ͬΪʲô˶һ

Բȹˡ
û뵽һܣվͬһߣ

*

ǰΧʯǽԵһһյž, ־ϲ֪Сʦ¶ؾˡ

æڷ¸֪ͬš

Сʦ㣬λʦ, ǿɲ֪ոéڶ˶

ԭé彣Ȫʱ˵йؾĴϢǼٵģ

ʲôؾᰴյ޾漴ͣҷǱ͵ͬһңڸûνķֻһֻصǽڡ

é彣صһéգ۹͵˸⡣

ֺƤ˵Լڻһ츳ӲͷƤȥǽоأȴ޷ӦĻشֶéڶװأ

һȰȰ˵ϳˣĩ˲Ԫ䡣

Բصļ򵥣֡
ˡ

*

ĶéڶӰ׺飬é彣һһҵվڽüʱʱһʲôµڶһ㡣

Բɣ׺Ѿ֪Ĵڡ
Ҳ֪éɽڳλʦ㣬׷|ɱ

ؾΪղŻƴ뿪˾˵ıҲҪڶéڶѰİȫС

*

é彣Իʧܺ󣬳˿ʼǰԡ

Բʦǽʱ򣬸պһȫꡣ

ֵéһ˸óԵʱ

é彣ˣȴȻȲԾǰȥŪˡ
ʯ͹ļťػذ£Ƭ̺Զָԭ״

˵ûҵԵİ취
é彣ͷ֪ĵЦ
ݺݵ˰׺һۣص˶顣

йؾϢд붼ǴӰ׺֪ġ
Ϊ׺ЯԪͶϺ󣬻ΪҪŬ£û뵽ǸԵķ

ǻиԲĽûڳͽˡ

é彣ɱڲأɨһȦʯҡ

İʮޣȥһУµĴǻ굤ʿ
Ӥںڡ

ûнԲ
Ҳûŵʦ֡
׺˵ΪķŲӰԲٷŹ

*

éһȥǽϰٴʧܶ顣
é彣һ
ѣҲȥ԰ɡ

ӶӤʿֻǰһǻӤڣȴΪսǿ

é彣¶ۼɨһұۣΪԷȴһ˰־ܾ
éѣҶԻĲ졣ңֱô԰ɡ


ޣǲǮ֣

é彣Ը˷ʱˣɴഫһ
ѣ֪ұǼ֫Ҳ֪㲻뱩¶ݡ۰ɣǮԸƳǽڣ

һסˡ
ҲûƻذֱֲģСʦֻһ

ǰСʦ־˵ˣ

һԼæⷬԭⲻĴ˽Բ

ԲһǮé彣αƵЩ˳ۣٺٵЦ
ʦܣé彣ˣ׻ʲô㲻֪ðʮöأֻܿڽӣ

һԵɣŸԲ˼ֱӻص
첲ϾͻһٶɣһʮҾ԰Ƴء

һʮ򣬿ɹӤڴˡ
éڲƴ֣Ҳס־һĹ
һ̫
é彣üӦˡ

*

һվżߵǽǰ

ϸ۲죬ͻᷢߵʱһοࡣ
ΪԲվλá

ʯǽڶòֻ࣬ǰ棬ƽǽϣ͹Ŀʯ

ԹһҲԹͬʱĸȻǽϻ͹µʯɲôԣʮεʱʯ»ԭٴαĸ


ʱһһĹȥһȴʼûаµһʯ

Ҫֵĵ޵Ȳˣһѡ
˵λѣǰǲ͸ϽȥһЩµİ취Ҫأ
ղǰԺǲֻʣһˣҾǸԲеʯȥӦþˣ

һֻںҴˮȻӵվš

һɵӣ첲ǷĶôƻأ
˵Ϊʯƿص뷨Ǵģ

صβƣҪСʦ㷢С

޵ȲҪ˵ʱ򣬽Բڸˡ

ϥλã¡

һԥİշԸǴû͹ʯȥ

ա

ͣԭ͹ĸʯȻӦȥ

Χ͵͵עĵ̲ס˹

ʯнʶֻ۾ʲô

һûĵطǶûгԹλãҲǴûѸپܴﵽĳɼ

һ¹һȴٴͣ

ò׼ŻƿϣȻͣˣ
̲סˡ
ѣ㵹ǿ㰡Ҫǲԣ㣡˵ĶĶҪȥͷһ飡ܺùĥĥߴߴİɣ

ǵ˵վǰһһ
ߵһȴͻȻվé彣ס

é彣ĵ
ڸѳԣûֵ㣡
һٰʮķôԣ

ϢĶУǵ߻ȥˡ
һ䡣
С
뿿Щһשλãôô

һһԲٴοڡ
ϥλã¡

ף
һȻҲɻ󣬵¡

ա

Ϊǽڻָԭȴ¹ʯǽϾ͹µʯ
λøպĸսǵĶλá

´Ҷһеķʸˡ

ǽڳµı仯˵ÿһûоݵġ
ǽڵƽͬΪڵٲҴߴ٣ֻ̲סһ쳤˲һǶ

һµʯ͹źҡͷ
һЩʯȥˣʱһľɥ

ھ᰽Ļʷǹϵƽ취ҲΪʯȫȥƿǽڵĹؼ

۲ŲλʱһŽԲָʾһûǽеʯ͹˳

е޿̬ʧ⣬̲סһ䣡
ɵҪȥУ




58.   58 (׽)   éɽͽ

Χ޵, һš

Өת˸硣 
֪˻Դţǰ׼

˿߬, Ѿؼʱ̡

Բ, ѾԸԽԽ죬һûֱͣӵ˽ʮλá
ҪһϢ, ٶȰЩλãϲһҲһϢ, ʱ˵Ļ, ʦ߾ȫǰ

һȻͨ, أйӲ;, ȻҲڱץծһ·նʤʮų
Сʦ, ׼ˣ

һ, ֻŽԲָʾ, ĵظٴζ֣ʯء

һЩֵĵ޷Ҷˡ

é彣ԭûǰṴ˹ǡ

ѾǽڵĻغȫͬ޾ڲ
Ϊȡ, ԵĵޣҲعൣġ

Ȼһٰʮ˶һֻ֣Ҫܽؾ, һٰʮʲô
뵽ˣé彣̹ˡ

׬һٰʮĽԲ̹
漰ݻʱӴĶҪ٣󷨵ĹУʵһо˶Ҫ˷ܵķ⣡

һԽԽİٶУʯϵ͹ʯ仯ҲԽԽ죬ٴνʯ尴ʱ
ʯǽڴһ¡󸡳ʯŲƣÿһ˿ɹʯ

ˡ

еĵ޶ѵվнļʯ֣̲סŽȥ
Ǹնͱé彣Ϊ׵˵סȥ·

é彣䣬λԼƳ֮˿ɾڵˣȻéƵĻأȻǾ˭ڣ

վǶӤ׳ƣɢ£˸๡

ɾڴʱȴȺԾһĵޣé彣һ
ʦ֣ҴңҲһѰˣ

é彣

ǵ޽һ·ժ£ãȻéڵСʦã

˿ûпé彣ԽɫֻأԽϵĺɫק£¶ɴŻһ˵éڶ
ʦ֣㲻ҸѶҪˣȻɵһɴ

é彣Ǵģʦãôˣ̸һȥ

հͷӦȴǿͷ­á
ҾͲ㱣ңȴҶѰ»ضˣƾʲôң
ǵһأΣգʱǲ¶ô죿
ҲŲǣһ˵Ҳߵúúõģq(s^t)r

ҪˣΧ۵ĵֿʼ֡
ǵ׻ˣֶܱö֪ˣȽ

é彣һͻЦݡ
ȻҪģλԵȣ͵ˡ

һжĵĶ顣
Ȼ˰׺ͲܴˣӤڱԼڰ׺顭ЩνġϢѾô

ڿڵѣѣиϣһɡ

˶ûӶгУ׺;ŵĽһ
éʦ壬㲻ǴӦҪһֱ𣿡

ʶͿҪͻȻλã
׺鶯һӿֱ¶ۼѹȥ

é彣ֻƱǸĵ
ʦֶ㲻õģ֮⼸λԪӤڵİֺʦܶһ£زΣյġ

é彣˵ͷҲص̤һ
Ҳ˽ȥ

Եˣµڵ˲һţΪȻ̤˵ʼ

һʱʯڴǼ

ȴڴʱ֪˭ĳأ¡ܶһΪҪʧˣŵ֣ͣ
ýץͷ˽ȥԶҲ˽ȥ
ֻգ۹ʯھֻʣǵˡ

Χղٳ֣ڽ͵͵Цһһ

ϻʣ˻Բѵġ

µǸִɫʣ̬ЦһȦСʵ
ѣѣ𣿡

滰䣬Ϳʯӱߵһ㣬ԹĹƳ˹

ȻǽԲɵġ

潫Ի̴ϣҲûһСʯӹ˹ȥ

ʯӶ˳ͷ

*

ԲŴŴĴСʯﴫ
ѣҲԾԲûȥ𣿡

ͷӦȴ̾һ
ǰƽֱﻹ壬˵ӦòڵػĸŶԣ벻ͨûҽȥû뵽Ҳˡ

ܲǱԼһ˷ֵĸоȻʧ
ԲĿǡ
Ǻܶ˵Ŀǡ

ǡԲһЦ
ѣʵʦһԭ򡭡벻֪ǰɽǰڶʲôϢ

ǰϢ
һԵ۾һ˲ͽղŵľɥȻһգסСԲʯͷ

ԲʯӶ󶼿Ʋȣ͵ЦһӦ
ǰûעһЩʯ𣿵ÿһͼζһ֣ǡ

ޱֻԹתԽǣƾ⣡
ԱߵĶ̲ס˹ؼһ죬ҡ

ҪСʦѻϵͼ֣ҲҪļ׷ȥˡ

ʱ򣬴Ҷֻܿõ⿪Ļǽڣ˭ע⵽ÿһ͹ʯ۳һأ

ı㣬ٲȻԱ˵⪣Ⱥһź֪롣
ôҪϢԲΪʲô׵ĸ

ҿӣһ㶼

Ȼ֣ڰԺŵջ£滹ѡ˺ͽԲʦáͬۡʼֹϸѰ𷿼ڵĻء

һһ£ɻ
˽ѣǻصһֱǰһһΪ֮뿪ˡ

ȻϲܣҲܣԲ룬ɴཫһع⡣
֮ǰ¸ɽʱһǾʦʦʦɽǣŰéɽ£ѾΪǵʦˣ

һܣ벻ıŵˡ

ֲøղſһֵֹģں˴
ԭһӤʿȻéɽڡСʦܣ

΢ѵܿһ¡
ѣǰƺµĻؼ֪֫𣿡

ԲĬĬŲȻĲ졣
ʦܻ˻ؼ֫첲ܱţһû
Ǹ׳ԣϢ¶һܱڳϵףɲӦˡ

Բ֪仰һѾ©ڶ

֪Բһ۲ϸ΢Ŀһֱۻ˺ͷɫڤܷ֣ͬΪʦŵĽԲô֪ܲ

װֻ֪˵һ¡
ͻؼ֫йϵ
֮ǰһἰȽŵļ֮ǰƳ򽭰Բߡ

ͷ²⽥ͻȻͻĿ˽ԲûǸСԲʯͷ

СԲʯͷȥͽԲһ磬޺

ȴŴ͡

ԲѾǸţپͨŶݼ׻бʲô·
֪ǲֻҪ̽һ¡

뵽ˣɤӸɬСʵ
ѣҿղǸǽںЩϵʵǰһƵİɣ

һĶʲôأҲ츳ƽƽ⻰ȫ׽Բ

ϧԲ֪Ѿ˸˾ŲʮʶӦ
ǰҺʦһƵġǸǽںλͬô췣İʽȥƻأ͸ˣ룬ӦҲƿģ

ʲôҶҲƿ
˵Ļ
漸ҪԲϵġޡϸЦˣ

᰽Ŷݼ׻ǧǰż֮Ӱޡ
ִݻǧѾĺۼԲƾ췣ݳƽǽڵİ취Ҳͨúܣ

һֱһ̽һļ֮˭û뵽˾ߣ
Բ
ز¶

Լһ·ʧܵʯһתͻϵĸ߼ؼ֫
ˡ
˼ҵʦ㣬ʲôᣬ츣ʦܣҾֻһס

һڿˮͻȻʵ
ѣéɽͽʲô𣿡

Բ
񣺡




59.   59    ΪʲôֱӲš

ѾԸջһ׳ʦ, һͽʦԲͶ񼸺̾

ͷðһµ
׳ʦܣһӣ

Բڶ˲, ֱᶨ, ؾ䡣
éɽͽϸأŵͽͶôʮꡣʦΪдűʦ, ˣǵȲˡ

ʦ±Ӹɣ
ɲٱ׳ʦˣ
ʦܱȣ

ź̾һ
ԭ, ǿϧˡ

*

Ѱ, Բڽ䷢һɫʯ
ողŵĻʾտӦþ

ҵˣӦҲһ󣡡
վǿʯ

ա

ʯͻȻѹ, ʱһǵĻаɫӽٿ, Ȼһ

, ˡ

˶ӹ, ϲ, ɽԲͷ̤ڡ

*

һߵʯУһǰ·Ѿһá

é彣ʼЩ£ߵŶʼƣ̲סıԹ
ʦ, ôûͷ

ˡé彣صƶʵҲûס
̲ס·һ

ոһ˿صһʮʯ
Ȼ˵õı꣬ΪʲôֱӲŵĸо

ɣ

é˱߲ͷ˲Ѱ, ĩβĸɻһ
ԾôȦӣҼǵøղ߹ˣ

ͣ

нŲʱͻȻӶд˹˷׷׾һʱʱɫ鴤

ǰ޻δĲԾé彣ˡΪѰˡ

ʹһ
Ӿ֪Ƚȥʲô£㿴˼ҶѱùˣҪأ

ֱӵļ
é彣Ϳéڲ˳ˣʵ㽻Ⱥϣز뿪

é彣ֱҪ޹ˡ
ĵ
λƭˣҺʦ˴ӽ֮һֱߣҪǣҲ֪Ծ

ҵĹ|ƨӾֻ֪˱ˣֵǣǽղܰһˣһϣǣ޵޵éڣ

ڰľУڴ

˷ֵĵط׺ڽ䣬˶ΪΧıϢò
󴦣ɷϸһӶϣڵִ̨Ѩ׺ĻᶼûУ˫ֱӱһһڣ

еľֺͺ£Ϊ˫۾Ȼ٣תһ|ɱɿĵҡ
ǡǰеޱһȭУֱֱѹϣ

׺鶯Ҳδûǵ˵˾ʲôֱֱȭͷΪ֮|Ķɱ˸͸

Ѫ˳˵˿ڽ£쵽׺ɫϣȴĶգòվ

վʱȻԪһɷ޷أ



һμǰɱѪ󣬰׺ڷһѱĺǰȺ˹ȥ

*

ȹĽԲһʯ֮С

ʯҽϸղŵĸСֻһ͸оܵ¶Ǵ¶ȼߵĵط

ҵ룬һȦתİɫ⣬ϡܿǵ׵ϸڻƯһɫ

ڳԲˡ֡

Բ˾ϲӣҵˣ

еɫͻȻתһȦ˽Բڡ
ͨʶ飬ҵʯ󣿡

ǶɽڵĴУֻһ˿ʶ£Ҳܿࡣ

Ͷһۣ֪ⱦ˳ǺԼûϵˡ
˺һöɫ

û뵽ǰ뿪ǰһʶСʦ÷˰
治ڵһˣ츳ֺãּѣܵöɽǰʶָδ绢ǰϲˣǰ;

ǽСʦõĹˣ
ЦĻȻûֻʣԺ

ʢ޺ٴ濼éɽڵĿԡ

ȻƷĶӣɴδйʽʹһɰʦѧͽ
éɽھͺܲ
ؼéɽéһƽʹͽˣô죿

ȣҲ֪ԸԸͽͽͽﶼͽ㱲ִ䣬Ҳû
ʱͽʦӡ󣬶˳£

뵽ˣԵ˵ͷԼСĿ꣬ݽԲΪʦ

*

棬ԲѾڣʼǰһһ

СʶֻΪԵҪõڵĶٹһιؿԸ⣿

Բŵͷ
۳ɹʧܣҪԲ֪ģǰɣ

꣬ǸӣʶЦ
ãǬλʮöШҪʯٶʮ߿ʯΰڷţܱ֤ʯλɣڵһʯʱƿأ

Բ̻ղŰʯĻ䡣

⣬ѣʵĻ
յƷʯεأܹжʮʯδŲ𣬿ƫƫҪ¶ʮ߿ʯ

Բ۾һ˲ͽ𰸡
ǰʵʲôȻٶʮ߿ʯֻжʮλδʯʯָԭλһШﶼԣǰʵҲ̫˰ɣ

ٴЦ̾
򣬷򵥣Сͨ͸ȷԵ֮ˡ
޳ҲϷҵɽǰ;ĸ󷨻ĵãϣδ޵һ;˳

ĻûͻȻըһ¡죬ʲôը

䣡䣡䣡

಻ĺըҶըԲһգʶͽǿɫץҡ

һƬƱʯըһѪɫŨĵޣͬŽԲһ׹ȥ

ô£
Բ|պѸٵΣͶ֡

ûʯڵµĸºȻӿ

ſ壬·һ鲻ð߾԰ռ

ϸܣҽлðһŨŨɷ

*

Ѷͷһ׹ϤӰ
ǰҲһˣ

䣬;
Сʦ쿴м˵ôҲֵֹģɷԪһˣ

ԲڵһʱƼЩɷ۷Թĵޡ

֪üͷֻЩ׹ŵĵȺѰʲô
ôûʦܣҲɷ˰ɣ

ڴʱٴһը죬һұ۵ĸŻֵéڵڴӰе

ͬмĵڽţﻹĺҺС
ͬɷ

ҵˣԲͷһɣ̸һ
ʦܣû°ɣ

Сʦ㣬û°ɣмЩԶЩܵжЩ޴ŴžͿʼ壬˭ᱻȾ

Բɿɷ쿴ϣûжںϸߣ

Ԫһɳ
ûУû£

ǾͺãϽΧĵ÷һһȹ۲

ԲͳϵŵĸӰɨһȦɻ
ôֻаé彣⼸ˣ׺أˣ


ֵްʱڽԲȻ

Բֻһϡɱ֣ȴɷʴĵƳ
һ룬ͬŵĻ־ͱһ飡

أ

ǰ׺飡
ȻԪһҲˣ

Բֱƣ˲һͬ׹ڵǰ罫ϵĵ۴һķ磬ȴǾŵĿԼյֱۡ

ԭŻλã֪ʲôʱ򣬱ÿտյ

ˣǰˣ




60.   60 (׽)   Ȼ£Ҳá

ԲĻ̽ʶ, ˲ûᱻҽɷʴˣڲԶѱ뿪Ϥ

ȥķɷҽ

ǰ
Բһͳ˹ȥ

, ſŽԲ̵ֻĴ, 벻ͨΪʲôԼʧż

԰ȷзһɵĺ죬źƽʱЩһ, ɵﲻ̫һûͨͱ嵽ǰĽԲͷ뻳С
ǰûûˣҲ, Ȼû㶪ˣ

еɻ

ȻͿԲӽȡ˿, ˫ָɿٴϵĿۣûֱֱٰۣӽ˲ϡ

Ϊ֤İȫ, λá

ڵĻţ

һеĽԲ¶ɵЦ, ³Ѱص㡣

*

Ϊץȡ, , 䵽һƬ¶ȵҵϡ

ҵλüͰ, Ա߾ðҽĵرˣԲһվ͸оϮһˣ濾Ѿ

ͶһظֻǱ, ɳһ

Сʦãˣ
Ҳͷ߳ĺ飬ص̫ȡ

Ǻµ̾һ
Ǹ׺֮, ΪȻ굤ڶ̫ˣԪµɷҵǿ£ʤ

ĻˣǸԼ壬ͶϾȻҲɷ·æԭ£ŽԲָķɷ

*

һߣЩصĵٴһң

׺ڽԲкĳ޹֡
ΪԶһڸеĳ̶ȣͶ㶼ɼµɱ

ɷȾĵޣҲһҹһʱҵҷŸʽ⣬ðź֮ɫɷ֮ȴԽԽ࡭

Щɷ޴еĵޣҪôֱӻʣҪôն㿪ǵֱϣϸ΢ĺںɷ·궯̬Ŀڴӡ

*

һһЩأ̴Ľɷ֮¸֪ˣĵŷ׷ɢ鿴Լ

é彣һͲ¶ۼĺʹҴ롣
û¡

Ҳ¶󣬸˹ȥ
Ҳû¡

˻䣬ͷһĻӤѵͳͷ­ֲԡ
ͬɷ·

״һҪ㵽é彣ȴϸ̤ȥͱʦ̧ʾͣ¡
ʦãҲɷȲҪˡ



㶵ͷһŷϲ֪ʲôʱںɫɷϸƣʱͻˣӿ¡
⣬ʲôûκ˽Ӵôõģʦֿң

ĺչٴγ嵽é彣Ǳߣӭȴé彣һ

䣡

ǽ·һƣҵϣȴðϷ죬ɷϸ˲̬ȣŸ첲ϴڵ˱۰򴦡

һ˲ֲ֪˭Ƴһѣתͻ򶷵ĵм䡭

䣡䣡䣡

žžž

ĹըڶԲͣ𣬰ŵһ·ˣ˵Ķ㵽ҽߡ
пʯ㰲ȫ

ɪɪ̽ͷȥͿһɷĵޱ˭УֱӴǰȵҽ֮С
ҽжδֱӱҽû

̬ʧ⣬ּ
˭ȾңǾȾңҲǮҸеǮֻҪܰҰɷЩǮǵģұңءҪؼҡ˭Ұء

ĸ첲һСȴ鶯
˶Ǯ



һ㶣Щ졣

Ǹֻһ˫۾ںŮޣϳǽԲ

ʶͳԲϿȥ϶ɸɾվԹ˲þͳ˹ȥ
Ѿң

Բ˵ġ

ڰٺö˺Ѱȫطֳû뵽չ˰Ǯԡ

Ȼʱ׬Ǯе㲻صԷǰ
׬ײ׬

Բһ˫۾·ˮ

ˮ˷ɿĵ
ԸǮģɲұģãϽһֽǮһֽҽôɷ

ԥδԥͽϵĽһѳ˽ԲУûԼʦȻм
Ʒʯ㣬㣡ȾңҸоϵԽԽܿˣٲ취һġ

ԲҴãһۣ˿̬Ѿȶʱ⣬Ľ첲
ãҵָʾ

£ɫɴ۳ɿ鶼˲һ
ѣ׼ˣ쿪ʼɣ

Բǰ棬ͳ˴˴һ
ס֣ɷֻҪʱͿްԽȾٶȾԽ죡л־֣ͣסЩɷޣ

һԲ̾Ҫé彣˹ȥé彣ȴקһѣӲ
׼ȥ

һԲǱ߿һۣ˼Сʦ֮ǰİţվסż˳ԭء

¶ۼԶԶ۲ŽԲָһžȻʧ

*

ҵĵۼ֣ͣۼȥ

ޣ˿ֻʣʮ־

µЩʯھѾɷ֪

ЩǱɷ֮һбذҽ|֮

һߺˣһֿż۶ɷޣ˵˽ԲڵľҺ󷽡

ԲִʯˣӰֻߣҽֻһ˫۾ûţޱ͸
λٶȹ

Զţֻп۽ǴǰĶʮȫкɷϸƣŵӿ£ȴֻС

ȴû

Բһ־뷶Χڣըһʯܵ

ˣ

һаɫһ𣬲˰еĶʮޡ

ֻ֮󣬻ҵ̶õ˰

ⱼϮĸޣεסô

Բִٺһ䡣
£ϸܱ򣬰ɷǵתɽɷ

ڵ޼ɷ޹͵սԲָʾ졣

ڽԲؿڴͬŴϷɨ⣬òЦһ

ǸĹ

ԭЩ޸ҩɾȵģȴбɷԹ֮໥յԴжЩޱȾʱѰתɷķ

ոֻһ䣬ԲѸپһѰҵԲߡ

ǧǰǳνĴҸᷢ

ϧˣǧѹ

*

⣬Щʧȥ־ĵ޻ĳԲ

Ҷרڵɷû

ֻнԲִ֮һ߹ֱǰӭ˳ȥ

ֻʣˡ
Ȼ£Ҳϰ




61.   61    ս



Χɷ޼Բ, ׷ɹÿÿϣͱ⻯һڿб, ˲֮ˡ

ɰɷ, ǸɴȺһʱ֮ĺںɷ֮Բڷӵȥ

䣡

Բһ, ƾЩ޵Ĺڰ׹⡣

һ߬һöɫʶɿɨɫڵݡ

ڴ, 鼱֮дϷ
ڰʱڽй, 㹻Ӧ־ȫ޵ɷޡ

Ҳֻ֧Űʱ

þҵһ󷨣סǰɷޣܽϵɷ֮

˾ȲЩ, Ҳˡ

ȷλ󷨴ʦɫڴɱ󡢷󡢴󡢽ѵſ
ÿһ, ݻüְʽ, ѧȫһ

ڵλ, һΪ󡱵Ŀ
Щԭֻ, ķӼԵ򣬾ܹ䣬ӳ

ԲʶһѰʵ󷨡

ͶȻħ
һܹޣһܹ廯ɷķһĶͬʱڳ, ɴﵽɷ˫Ч

ۡ

ԲϷ߬



һʱ䶼˵ʾ, ֻܵõŵĲ
Ҳˡ

źǵɰͯǰʼλá

ˣ

һ㽫ƾڿд̿նһһҼͬʱԶʯ϶֮У

Χĵޱߣ׷תȥԲ״̴ϳԻ̳˳ȥ

ֻһΣҪ֤ȹ̣ʯ׼λҪͬ𣬲ܴﵽԤЧ

˷ɫ˸ȴֻһҪСĵʵ飬Ի경ڿһӰһںɷ̬ƮȻÿһιʱὫöʯҷɢӿ׼ӵλá

գգա

ŹĺںɷʮΣڸӳʮʯһغ»ΪΣڵλó˹ȥ

䣡

ըͻȻ𣬽Χɷ޾𿪣Բûڽ϶һһͬʱ

ɣ

ˡ
ϹӽԲһ·ɨ·ڷŵۣս󷨵ӡһ𣬳ųϹת

ԲҲȹ󳹵ԳΡ

˽һɫ۾ӡӹǣȴȵؿ֮վͦΣվţվú޶ݡ

ѾڷŲȻ£¶͸ų귺׵Ĳ̬ɫپ£üӡ磬һ˫۾ǳߵҽҪϲ٣

֮ͽǰʮϮɷޣǰȥ

ң

䣡

ͶȻħӳ׶һϹ⣬Ľ·ײϺɷ޾Ʒɡ

أأأ

ʮɷޱɺͱϵÿҪٶ𷢷裬ԽԽأסö

ʱһһĹȥЩϵɷڽϹĥ¶һŲÿݡ

ԲɨһȦȴ̾һ

Щޣûˡ

̾ǰһĽк̾



ԭǸղЩĵޣѾմȾɷ˿̾ΧվΧչ֡
һһȺɷޣϵɷ̲סк

ãѸɵƯ
޿סˣ
뱲ӣȻܿ˾ʵһĻǲ
ѣ

Ͷһĳ°ڣʾҲûˡ

Բһ˵ͷʾ⣬ȴɳ

ٿһѧ󷨣Ҳܾ¸ˡ

Щ˶ΪԪеУȻ֪Ļ֮ͼΪΣһб÷

ԲһǱߡ

Ӹղé彣ͽվһԣȷЩɷĵޣҲɷޡ
˶Ѿָŷ˷̬ȴɱŰȫ롣

é彣ɬԲԭ۲ٿ䣬ɭһЦҲޡ
Ѳڵһñ°λ޶û취ɷȻ֪Ӧԣת־ܲϴһɷ֮˿ơ

Ƴ򱻶ʮĵޣ
ſǲ򵥣ûϸо޷ײóɣѲɽѴǰ֪ɷܱ֮

ĸڲ¶ۼĹ۲ŽԲָ׹ܶûʯ¼ʲô

é彣ɹȻô󲿷ֵ޽Ϣ

Сֹһ䡣
ǰɷմ֮УôԲ£֪Ӵİ취
ͬλ޶ڴˣ޹

ǽѣǿ¶
˵ɻУһŮͻȻӹ˻ͷ

ǰ

ҧŴվ󣬼˿Լɴٴε
ҲҪŴʦ֮ԣˣһ͡ˡԲɷ޹أйϵֺαҪǣǸնݳ𣿡

ڵ޼ΪéСʦãȻé彣˵ٿҲȾʱѹ

é彣òǼѳ־ˣɣ
ǣ֮ǰéھͦŰģ˭֪ǲڴʲô⣡
ʦöܲܲˣ˭֪˵Ǽ٣Žѣ
Ҳţ

é彣߬ȭͷɲԸٴδ
ȻλνԲǾ˵˵ô֪ɷƳ֮ģѧ⾫ɾ׵˫󣡡

ԭ֪Щ

жĬ

ԲƳؿڵλá

ɷķǻǰģɻޱͲΪ᰽ݣ˵

󷨣֪ؾɫҲҪŹ
Ҳ˵

Ǹôͣ

Բ˶٣ЩҲɡ

ڵĻžʱ
Ȼҽ̵ģҲ޷

Բᶨܾ
ǰô֪Ĵڣ϶ưոݣ㲻żа취

ûȽԲ취˾ͻȻߺȳ

رƽѣ
泷³Իֳ̣

ŨĴ磬仰Եøǿƣֱһֱֱé彣
é彣Ϊͼ˷󣬹ʵ벻ʵƷڵĲ֮ذɣƷȻԷȴǳ󷨴ܵģղҽ󷨽̸ѽΣġ㻹ʲô˵

ȷǸĺð취
ԲĬˡ


ղŻ¶ڵ̰
ȻƷڵĲ֮أǵȷܺġ

é彣ݺݶҼƻ棬ļƲס
ԭƷڵ棡Ǿ벻éɽھȻܺƷڴϹϵãõúܣ

תٴκЦһ
Ƕ˶ݷ׿Խڲ¶ΣòǶһһڿǽʯתʵȴȡǰؾµıɣ



⻰һԭվӽԲĶʮ޷׷ױɫ




62.  62(ӪҺǧӸ)   ǡ

ðΣ, ΪȪ׵ؾѰ

ԲĺƷںһһ߱ǰ潭ԲΣ, û, ֵɴ˹ţ

е޿ʼ۴ƵĴ򽭰Բ

é彣״𴽽ǣŸϺһߵǰԱߡ
λ֪ɣԲһ, ֻҪϾΣ˷
ϲǿ˺Ӧ, ڿʯȥ˱
׼, ȴǶѣˣǲǸúúһ㣿

ԲԭΪ, é彣Ǹƶ˼ˣû뵽һҵĹȰ׺黹Ҫǿ
ǲС, С˵

Ҳ߲, źɫʱ⡣
é彣, ǳһź죡ٵĶ˵ˣҲǻǮӽ, ʲôʱӦˣйɷҲ˰ҲˣҪ˳ɷİ취ֻң˶˾Ϳʼ˵Ķ󷨣Լģɵǲ¶

Ȼ, ǾýԼ˵˵ǶԸɷʱĶΪʲôţʯͻȻ̮治ȡ߱ﴥ˻, һĥѣ
ϴé彣վ˵ĻԽֱָģе޶˽Բ

滹ｭԲ˵ȴʾⲻء

Բǰɨé彣Ϳ˸ϡ
λؾéڵĸϰɣ

Ӥڣһ˫۾é彣ƣŹɼĻɬ

΢΢ͷ
ѲعǻشҸղŵɡ

ԲȻһЦȻǶô֪Ҹղڸʲô֮ǰҲϻش⡣

һ˲ɣΪԼΪ˷ɽԲǸڣһֱڰҲܷʲô뵽ˣ˵ͷ
ѻǲײĲᣬʰɡ

Բڵ
˵һ˵Ϊʲô˶йɷֻ֮㡢кһé彣һˣûκ״

⻰һԭڶλ̻ζ
ǰ˵ģղȫпųɷɸȴһֱһûйɷһé彣һҲû£

Ѿɫ΢䣬һq(s^t)rЦ
ҺôһڳϣȻЩɷкѣ໤ˣҲģ

أ
Ⱥ߳վǰ档

é彣˺ʾ⣬̧ͷ­
ϣҲһ£Ϊʲôղ׹յʱ⽫ҷſ˲ץأ֮ұʹһɷȴö˶˵ģѵ֪뿪ͻɷҺһ׿𣿡

˳׽ɵĿ⿴Լé彣һݵĺ־룬жڽԲŤͷһ˲䣬ͻȻ˹ȥ
Ҵ£Ҫɱ㣬ȫ׿֮У

ɷ£ԲܴȥֻéڡͷļŶܵǣ
ձҪ￴ĵնݳ

ǸӤڣٶȴȻӤһ־˲Ϣ֮ݵ˽Բ࣡

ϧԲзԭصĲǸϵӰ

䣡

һգԼ˽Բ壬Ϸһ鴤кɫɷһȴܿ챻ѹȥתĨɷֵģǶֵŤӡ

ӡȥЩˮƻȦӡϸȴܷ֣Ȧӡϻɷĺں֮ɫ

ˣڵλ֪ܲࣿ
ѽԲ
Сģף

ԲֺαҪѣ
Ӹղһֺ;Ծ

˵˵ɷ֮ԪȾģû˻᲻С
ϾҶԪͬȪ⣬˲ʱ䡣

ûйС
ֻһɷйϵ

ֻ˴ʼնδȾɷ

һһ·Լʦܣŵù
é彣ȻǸȴЩɷ֮˱ʮķҿҲйϵ
ֻиڶ֮󣬲ϵĹ۲쳡ˡ

˫еɷ޻δһ뵽ǶЩ޹ޣԲоصŭ

㿪ֱͳӭȥ
ˣɱڣΪʲô֮𣿡

Ĺɲ֪ΪʲôڽԲȴǹҼһܴ˺춯

ֱԣΧһŷͽԲÿһιʱ󶼻Ϲ˸Ĺȥ

Բµ׼ͶȻħ󣬾Ȼǻ

ΪڣĶȻԲ

ѹΪ쿰ȻڵĸֻҼһԲɻ

û취ɱˣ

أһк󳯿ԾһЦ
һɵӣҾͲˣűҽûɣ

ȻһźںɫķԽ֮ǷΧһ˦ٴϤĺ¡

˷ףԭҲֱʣ

ɴʱѾӵգΨһƥеĽԲҲΪ뿪̫ãֻЦ뿪

*

¡ԽԽ󣬸ʧܵ±ڶʼѣ׿߶Ҫһ̮㣡

ͻȻһ
쿴ҽϸ

밶߼һŤͷһղŻֻڵرӵҽգ֮ѾҪûˣ

죡측հӳȥҲܣ
е޾ҪԾնȴϸշڵȻһͣɫҰ׵ĵԭء

ˣɷûָ

Ҳ׷׾һ

濴ǰСϴֻЦ
ѣôǶҪҽûˣڹûֱ뿪

Բʶ

Ƥһ飬ӼϤ

һȻһϸ

˿̲ʯ

һʶڿʯڿʲô
ûٻʲôƵķˡ

|ĺڹŹǰԴ̽˹ȥ
ѣڿʲô

Բ¶ɣΪѸ٣һĶõĻشĻ
Ȼ취ӹһҽ𶥰

ﻹһʯգ۹󣬷ʯѾ̳һ͹·ָ״Ρ

Ҳӡһ

濴̫ˡ
ѣⶫӹҽ𶥣

̼ʯأôֹһΧǵҽ

ͲĿյϣѾҽƵԽԽѾͽԲ˼һš

ԲĶԻϣͬʱʼԶֵǸ
ѣҹϣ˷Ǹ׽Ҫݺ㣡
ǰѣҲéڵ졭ʵǸˡ

Բ
棺
񣺡

ʵ˵û
ֻ˵ļٻ̫࣬滰ûˡ

ҲΧġ
ѣҲǸˣǶһϹģأ
ֳԲ
ѣʯܸһҲɣûǮһŻصéڣһˣ

Բ
Ѿ˰ҪǮˡ
ά´οײŸ㡣

˵һʯ˳־͵ݸ˰
ҪǾһҪǮһҽӵҽ£ͽעŷʯ߸߾ܾٵöߣͶµΧܱˣ𣿡

ԭֻԲһԸʱӽֱϣڵޣͻȻ;йֵĸоޱ

Ӧһ
˽ѣİɣһãã




63.   63    ýѧ


ҽ, ҪԶһˣʾվʯȫ鵽еķʯϡ

ž

һ, зʯϻ, ǻԽԽ󣬵Ŵľ, Χ޶ڣ

Ҳǡʱҽĸߵأ˽ӿ˹

˵Ҳ, Щҽһ, ͱϵ·˿˿ƵѸϣֶһһģһҽ
ĻסĶʮޣ

ҽû, ȴȫڣ



˿Χĩյĳ, Ŀ̾

ǽѴ˽, ƽϾԹ, ǽѾΡ
ȴһ, ٶĻɽԲ

Ϊޣ

ǰǸæµСӰ˱˴˶ӣκӿͷ

еͻȻָ췢ġ
ѣǰϣκŪԲסˣڴ˶췢, պٻɽѣΥģ

ԭڿ·ʯĽԲ, һ̻µķʯ
Ĭ£ûгֹֻӿ̵̿ٶȡ

ͶѾֳΣһһҵĽڡ

󣬾ЩʧĶŽԲĶ

̫ˡ

ֿ־׼Ѹ٣

ǰѴӹƷʯĿ̵ÿȥܹճһӵе·

Щ·ϻʱԤľϸҪʧʱͻᱻԲµһʿ̻עٴӿһƬȵ·ߣȵһʿ̻ɣͼڵʹǰ׼ޱȵνӵһ𣬻ɸͣڷʯϡ

ԭ̳ɷʯİ
૸̾

Լʯӣֲ׼׼㶼ˣҲû̵ʱڽ̳ɡ

ֲôԶﲻԲЧ

Ҫһòܱ֤ɹ

ֱ˿̣ˡ

˭֪ͷ𣬾Բһ䡣
ѣʵֻҪȷѵҲܺһġ

棺
ʶʵǽѿԽ𣿡

Բ·ʯϵмݸһ飬ЦŰװ׵ݡ
Ȼԣѧýѧѣ

*

Բ˰˸ʯλڶϱĸλų㹻Ļ˿ʼǰŲ

ҽؿ߸о񣬾һʯǰ棬һ߿⣬һߺ˽͡
˴صҽɽΪҵ͵ĵشӦþ뿪˴ͻƵ㡣λҲעһ¡

Բߣﻹڷŷʯտ̺һֻԾ֣Ҫ߷ʯ

ָͱһԵһִֻ

é彣׼ѵĶ
֪ʲôʱҲ˽ԲߣŭĿǰ۹۵ޡ

˶۵ţֻһ˫۾͸Ļɬһ˿ңæͷ
СʦãҴˣֻҳһˡ

q(s^t)rһ˲Ļԡ
͵͵߷ʯоߵҲ͵͵¼˲ٴ㵹ģ



é彣û뵽ȻԼҵĶ̶ң淺Ǳ˿
ӾͲӣǺĵ¿ηΣ

֪Բܳȥϵɷðȡ
Сʦһˮֺãڵ֮ء

é彣Ҷ˵һ䡣

ŭˣתͷͱܻ߳ķ
ȻڣɳȥҲûôܶЩ|

é彣˼䣬ɴΥ͵Ǹ⡣
ѣոʶ˲壬ȻûָػģԲסˡ

Բûдһʯߵ棬ȡµļ̡

ʱǰֵһһ
Сʦѣҵˣҵˣ

*

϶ϲȴЩ֪֮ԭء

Բæǰ顣

һѰ⴦һλҽ׵ʯڰš

ҽඥҲžҽУš

ڰŽǢұڵķ϶ڣȷĲ΢й˵ȷпռڣɽԲ˿켣ɫȴ΢΢š

ڿڡ
ȷпռ䣬ȴǳڣŷϴۼкԵɷϢ



Ϸϲ˲ɬ

еȻԸ
ǶѾѧɷķˣ˽ȥЪһЪҲð˵ܷµתأһһֱ󣬽Ҳ˲ٷʯˣܵϢһ°ɣ

ǰҲڸˣȥ

˴˷Ӧ

é彣ȴż
УܽȥûйɷҲ֪ôǽȥһȥ

ʱˡ

ֱһ䡣
ǶҪȥˣȻȥһ˵ɣ

ǣ;ӦҪǽѲ߳ȥˣ
ãﻹиʯԸԼţɣ

е˵ͽķʯ˹ȥȴû׼ˣ˵ϡ

é彣أɨˣʯ¡

ĩ˻ͬûйɷһ
ѣһǮؾбңûȥҲúһ¡


һɫһʶܾȴԲͶĶ
ʦܣҲһ⣬ȴӦӦϡ
Ԫߵé彣ߡ

±ڰڱ򿪡

*

˶δ֣ǿŵһ˲䣬ھеͻȻ

ͬʱĹڣڸһλϻȻۣǰ궼춯ĺɫԤʯ

Ԥʯ΢⣬һƾڿͶһĻŴӰ

ӰϣȻӡұڰŵĽԲˣ

˾ڴʱʯţѡ
ﳤϣˣҵ޿߾ַˣ

ﳤµشЬأɨԤʯϵˣ佫ǰĽԲμסϸһ䡣
֪ˣɽӹ˵ɽƴ޳ûץ

ǣ

Ƭ֮һͨ׷ۣ޼Ž

ﳤϣղ˵дޣǡ𣿹Ǹյʱ򣬲ǶѾɷ𣿡

ﳤеԤʯŹ⣬΢΢̧°ʾ
ɷȷɾˣⶫֻҪ֪ܻǻԭ֮
޿ߵҽʯ˽ƣһеͻʾסЩˣٴȥɽڳ򲻿ɷ뿪

֪Щɷ͹йأֽһƽ٣

ɽӦȡӰʯԲ˵ӳ¼룬Ѹɽ˶ʮˣ۳ɽٶȥ

ﳤϻԤʯͶľ˼

񲻾ת۽ͻȻͶסΪ׵ĽԲǿʯ

˫۲ԾȻŴ

ǣǡ󣿡

תŲžٷԸһȴɢ٣ٴοͶӰеĽԲ
ԲȻһۣɺ۵ıԵպ¶һǴéɽڵơ

Ȼǡéɽڣ




64.   64    Сˣ׷Ұ

ڵ޻֪һɱǵڵڸɽ·ϡ

Ǵ˿ȫǰľŵˡ

ʯڰ, ûνĳڡ

ŵҿߡ

гȴһͨԲصҵֻӲġһ

ЩÿһֻзԲСȴʢװСɽĸй, ЩΪɽ, դ©ҵĵɭȻֲ

䲻Ѫ|, ȴ˴Ǻεȵ˼|

ֲģȴɽ

ҿ·ʵʵĺںɫɷϢ

˱ţǵҪɷֱû

滷Χ, ͻȻһ䡣

ôǡ޿ߣ

޿ߣʲôط
Բͱʬŵȶ, Ҷ࿴ΧһۣͰӡ

ɻڵĻǰȴ޿ֺʼϢ, һɴδйıŰ궯
УһŨġɱ⣿

¶ȳȵҵصش, ɽԲȴɱŵöһ

ͻȻʶ, ǰҲǸմѪ֮ˡ

ǰ, 㻹𣿡
ڵĻź˫, ûش𽭰Բֱж˴

*

еȺͻȻ̾һڽ͡
ǧʱˣҲѹֽѵȲ֪޿ߵ¡
ݴطܲǧǰɱ֮ʬɽҲǴκʬɽһսƸա
޿ߴӴ˱ʧ˷䡣
û뵽, Ȼ˸ɽס

ʹе˵һ

ɫѾĺ棬ʮֳأڵ
ʬ, ǧʱȥûΪʬȴ˵ЩǰѾʬǳɶǧ󱣴
ɵǷųԣֻᵽ޿ǽ֮δᵽﻹôޡ

Ҳ˵޿ߣǹ˵ģֻɱ֮

֮ʧھ᰽磬Ұ׹ǡ

е̲ס²
طʬǲôɷ֮òǧ֮ǰоЩ˰ɣ

ǰЩʬǵӣʲôմȾɷ£

Ҳ֪մȾɷűؽǱصԺմȾɷ

²һ˷׷ľ

˼ȡһӰʯʼļ¼

Բ򽥽һΧ׹ǡ

޿ȴܿЩͷϵɷɷ֣ɷ

Ҳ˵ղǸ޵Ĳ²⼫пġ

޿ߣʲôѺĳǧǰоɷĴ͡о

ɷĿ³̶ȣһ˸ղž벻⾹Ϊ£ܲĹйأܲľ

е޾һ䡣
λȻǲ뽫޿ߵ´ȥҲЩмǲҪ⴫ɱ֮

Ҳ֪ǵΪʲôҪ޿ߣôŪɷģаԣһΪڶЩ֮û뵽ȻҲһ桭



۵˽صʵ

ô죿ﵽɷԭ·˳ȥѰڣ

ǰѣ˳ȥɣɷأܴ

Բ⻰ѣǸޡ
λѵȷҪɷܴš

ԭȰ뿪ĵޣ

Ҳ׷ס
ѣ룬Щɷ

ǵߴΧŨɷʮָɬ

Բȴĵ˵ͷŴ
λɷĿ´ҶѾʶˡֻմȾһ¾˶ħЩɷػ᰽¸Ļ

Ȼ֪޿ʵҡĵΪʲôֻӡɾԼƨ|ɣɼȻˣͲӲܡ

ɫ΢Բֵ
λղҲЩɷϵɷ֮ˣʵֻҪºʵͬܽΧɷɷ̫ˣһ˵Щ

δȽԲ˵Ⱥİʹص
ѣԸɷĶԲܷβܣҵĵ岮棬ҲϣгһҲΪɷޣ

仰ڴ˴󲿷ƲĵޣҲӦϡ
ãѶ˵а취ˣǾһԣ޵һΪãܱƽһǳ֮

еСĵ޻һ䡣
ѣɷ㻹ܰɾ𣿡
ȻǶ֪ɷǺöɴҲϧ

Բصͷɫ棬˫ҹǵһ˲˲Ļɵĵޡ
λһڴ˴һһҾ첻ԣ̽ɷ

´ҶˣʼսԲİţŷʯҵĴ䡣

ֻƬ̹˾ͽµķʯںãɽԲٴμɷ˫

ϤɫɷȽȽڵ޵Ĵ߶£ᶨޱȵǰ

ЩŨÿÿڣͱϹɳһȼյ

ʱһһĹȥɷ罭Բ˵ڻʧ

*

պĸɽ⣬ʮڵĵ٣ƮͣɽͷϿա

ɽŵԲƳ췣ʱĺۼ

֮ɽͷʴɺڽһƬңȥֻлߡ

ɽɫָܶɽϻ׵Ӧʱɫһɣг
췣ۻڣλ飬ȴ췣ܽ׽֮ɽڵɷͶޣ

ã

ʮͬӦʱֲɢε鷨

ԭϦɽĸɽۣڵ޵Ĵ߻Уɫƣɽͷصס

*

ʱ˿̣ɽص׵޿УԲ˸պеɷһ롣

ʱ㣬ðղɾ

ֻĵ޼Բʮӡʯɫ԰ףȡָҩ˹ȥ

ֲŸ쵽һ룬ͷȻըһͷ

䣡

һ׽г޶ŵͷһԲ״̴ѡ
רĳ󣬲µģ

ڴ췣ڴգȻϵ췣֮ġ

Ȼ֪췣ΪʲôͻȻ󣬿ɷĹؼʱ̣һ˿һ⣡

ԲԻ̴ϣһͷɳ⣬һ߷ɻһ߳ͻȻֵ׵󺰡

Сˣ׷Ұٶȿ죬ҵǿ

䣡ǣ

׵Ȼλ׷˹ȥ



ף

ɽۣ췣֮ƺһ

Ҫٿ׵Ӧɷޣɽ¾Ͷһһޣ󺰡
ס֣ס֣ˣɽﻹ޹ĵأ

ʦ˾ʦڹţ״ԣȳˣ




65.   65    Ǵ췣󣬲ǡ

˴ɽͻȻ, ڵӺͬŶ裬Ҳɷޡ
ֶ϶״ŷ, ݡ
ڵ, ڳ֮ǰɽɷ, ˼޹

ʦ˾˵־ٽҪٿش췣æм
Ǹղ˵޹֮˲ֻǣиɽ, ǳͽɽ̽Ѱؾ, ڻûȵһٶ֣


Եɣüɫ
ԭǰΪѰ޿ߡ
Ѱ·

¶δ, ʾͬŽ˾ڹŶΧǴǿмˡ
˾, ڵ, ֪ǵͬ, ɾųʾ, ɽڵĵѾȫմȾɷ֮ͬٲɷ壬ߣسɻ

˾ڹû뵽Լ˽, ӻ⣬Ҳɫһĸȡ㶯ˡ

Ȼ֪Ǵ򲻹ڵĵ, ɲƴһƴô֪
СʦöԽɱ|ԪˣҲҾһԣ

ţһ֮ʡ
ȴͻȻһ׹⣬һϤޱȵԽڴ췣к

Сˣ׷Ұٶȿ죬ҵǿ

׼ס˾ڶ˵ڣ

ʦ˾ʦڹţ

Сʦõ

˾æһɻŵڴ
λСʦõȷû£ҪϾɱǺܿģ

ڹҲ¶ϲɫæӦսַͣ
ǰʦǸɷ֮ǰȾҲ˳ˣ¸õģڵĵȵȵȣ췣󣡡

ɽӸû˵ʲôɫգ˼öδͨôģɴŤͷ
ʦܣͨλ֪ôģ

ʦҲɻ󣬵ĺһŻȻĵ
ʦ֣飬ȴǰ٣ǵͬ鷨żȻʹ췣黥ͨܽ

ɽӻͷ˾ڹһۣû뵽СȻܺ췣֮ͨķ

˾ڹӭֱӣ¸ҵͦš
ǶˣСʦõȷû£ǻҪʹɱ֣Ǿͱǲˣ

˾ڹһ˰ѺʯȫǽԲ֮ǰǷõģкü߼Ի̡
һɱ֣Ǿȡ˴ʩʱ˭ֲ˺ã

ɽӵǶָ֣ʾ֪ɽڵ
ʦܣԽǵҲɽڣ

ʦüɫ
ǿԣҪʱ䡣

о꣬ǰ޹Ҳûˡ

ɽδ֮ԣ˼Ƭ̣˾
ɷֻ֮ҪһʱڼʱͿɻȣڴ˵һʱ
ֿʦܡ
ʦͨɽڣ޷ҲܡЩԡ

ʦӦæ

ɽ־ٽһӡ
Һһʱǲǻ췣󣡷ЩɷػȾɽ壬ʱһоˡ

ǣ
ڵĵӦ̿ʼ

˾ڹͷһԷɽٴеŵˡ
ѵɷô£
Сʦǿܻ£

ʱһ׹⣬ٴδһɻ
ףӣôͣˣ򰡣ƴ췣һΣҲƵڶΣ



ˡ
СʦõĲٺá

˾ڹɫɡ

ڵĵȴŤɫȻ²ͣİ󣬱˴ȴ¶ۼĶ

ʲôƴ췣һΣƵڶΣ
Ӧɡ
Ǵ췣󣬲ʲôèƿġ

*

ʱ˿̣޿ڣԲɷŨڶ㡣
ղŻ׷һҵ췣֮ףƺȻͻȻʧˣЩʧ

ȻۣɶΧɷ֮ҲЧܶһᣬܸɷ

ſڴĵǻɷԲ룬ɴԭּһСͿŲƵ˫ĴŲɷ׼췣֮־̳

*

һʱܿȥ
Χɷۿɼļһ󲿷֡

ʤʱȴȲסˡ

ɽδ˵ֱӻӶƣֱӳҪ˾ڹֱԭأڵٴ׼췣

ϧԲλʦֺʯûüӳȥͱˣֻܷߴ򣬴ɽӼȣΪޣ

ΪõļһɫƾߴҲ޷Ӧ
ɽӸôֻרĳֽ󣬺ܿڸɽٴغơ

˾ڹż״ĸˡ
ɽԾɲ˵ͬʦȴܲ𾴵ʦֱᡣ

һɫ޳˺˻ȥ
һ֪ޣ֪֪ɷж£һմȾܿͻɹʧ־ޣⶫ޷ɾֻ𣡡

˾ƤӼá
Ĺƨʦ÷ֻƬ̹ɾõĲٺã˵ɷҲöԸֻ󷨼ʱΧΪȻӤڵԪҲܱɱ˵ôѣ

ڹ̫ݵĻͼˡ
־䣬Щ¾Ϣɽʲô֪ͺҶû뵽ڶڣЩߵڰײģġɵӣӣӣ

ʦܱӺһһ˵Ǻ죬Ķ粻ˡ

ɽڳƳһۡ
ʦܣĪҪĵ޷ϻרĳ󣬵ʦܽͨڣһɷͬҰ޵ĽкȻס

ʦӦһ˾ڹ˦һǰδǡ

˾ڹǱɽӵĻŵٶͷһЩ
Сʦǲ˰ɣ

ҾòᣬСʦһ򸣴󣬾ǰ޶ɷҲʦܺʦܺúõģ
ڹȻڹɤȻҲЩˡ

*

޿ڣڵȵ췣֮ٶȽ׽ٵĽԲ¶ϲɫһʱȥ׵ĹΧɷ֮

ȻղŲ֪ʲôԭ췣֮ͻȻͣˣκ񶼺˵йء

ԲɴҲ˵ˣֱյס

䣡

ǣ

췣֮ײ޿ںʰĺɷٶȷټӿ죬ԲԽԽ˷ܣ޿ڼֻʣӰ

Զվڿ߶ſڵĶʮ޿ŽԲתԾЩɫס

һľһӵľʶˡ

ΪԲѾǸţû뵽ĵҲ죬Ȼյ췣ڵ췣֮ɷ

ŽԲһһ׽¾Ծһڵ޶鲻Խıſͷҳ
һСľ;ŵԲǸӰ췣֮׻УСĹ

һʱ֮ھȻû˳ֻĹ



Ĭȴøɽ۴ڵǲ⡣

ûֻ˵ǰ޶Ѿ

ǵɫĮȻ

Ǹܵ޼˾ڹŶҲɫЩ̡
ǸովͲǵģҪǵʱ䣬˵ǰ˻һڿɺˣͬǵˡû˰ɣӦöˡ

˾ȭͷԲдһ˿ϣԸ
ģСʦø󣬲µġʦǻӤأһԱʦܺСʦõġ

ڹȴ̲סѾԳ鴤
ʦ֣ǿôѽСʦΪǵңҡҲˡ

˾ʵһƣ޸ͣ
壬ô˵ɥأޣҲŰԲǳˣһͻȻܴûģӦöö˶˵ģ

Ѿˣéɽڵ޻Ըࡣ
̲ܵסˡ
ôҲǵޣô˿֮£ôûΪ˶˲Ų˵ͷüأ

ʦ˾ʶ

ʦڹҲݺĨһӱᣬȥ




66.   66    Ϊʲôҵɫʷס

䡭
ǡ

ڹȻڴ϶

ž

ʱ, ˾ڹŶͻȻһ΢Ƴ

ʯѵġžʲô
ôЩأ

ɽƽڻĴˡ
ЩСʦúԼõİ, ϸ, ǲǣ

ԲȷؾǰͼλʦԼùϵİš
޷˵ʱһΪȫѶš

, ʵ⴫Ѷţ޿ڻ׵ʱʶΪ
û뵽ϸ緢ɽƽ˳

˾ڶ˼飬ȷǽԲóĽ, ɳ
Сʦû£

Ƕӹ̾ڵĵ޽ͽԲû, յߣǰֽɽͨһ
æһɸɽڵɷ, ڣ취, , 췣, ۣ

ţ
ʲôɷҪƴ췣ۣ
Сʦòû
ôɷ޿ۣ

˾ڹŶһ, ˶ԷеĹâ
һͷڶ

Ҫ۵ĲɷޣСʦã

һϲʱ⣬䡣

*

ɽѹĲٿеĳƽɫ齣˵ļӳ²Ҳһѹɽ, á

ΧʦǷ׷ǰæ

ԭΪ췣׽֮Ϻ΢һЩû뵽һδƽһ

ֻǵֽǰɽӳ, ȴɫһƬ̣ɫͱúɽһ͸

ڽڿһĻ˾ڹźٺٺЦˡ

쿴޵ɺƨˡ
ʦ֣ô˵ƨĴأӡ

СʦԶɽ£ǳһ

ˬ

*

޿ڣԲΪͻȻʮ㡱췣֮ν˻

ʼֻ췣֮׻ЩɷΪŨĵطԽߣԽʹ

빥ſڵվλá

ɾָȺ޷ֹɷˣ췣֮ȥҲһꣿ

Թյذ취󣬽ԲĽУ췣֮
ƷĲ֮ذһ֣ⲻ췣֮׹ԹԸһˡ
ղǹͻȻӿ׵֮ҲĿ¹˳Ĳˡ

*

һ˸֪ǰκӵִĽԲ

ֻ췣ԽԽѿƣԽԽһʧغһɣڷµ۳ײʹʼС

һڵ޵˰ף˺죬ľĲɫҲвԼȻ

Ψû˷Ϊ

ʱԶڽﵷͨλõʦܾϲ
ʦ֣ͨˣͨˣڸոպͻȻһӾͽͨˣ

һԽԽѵڣ
ʦܣ㻰˵˰ɣ

ʦܣ
Ϊʲôҵɫʷ׳ʣô֣

*

ʱ˿̣޿Ծ췣֮׵ĽԲ˼һͻȻͣ

ڸղšʲôֵ

Щһڵ޷ӵ

ɶڵûô˵

ΪʲôȴԽ֣رϤ

һƤڵļ죬иţô񡭡
ʦ֣ʦ֣ǻ𣿡

Բɴ췣ͨ˲ޱȵĴɽۡ

ڵ뽩Ӳ̬У˾ڹƲס˷ܵ

˾ԾͣͽڽӱϣټŤ
Сʦã㻹ʦܺʦôˣǶû°ɣɱڣ˵Ƕˣǿ˴췣˵Ҫɱǡˣأû¿̫ˣ
Բû£ǿôõ˾ϲĿ˳

ڹŶһĿɿڴڵǣ߷ߴ󺰡
ǻ췣ͣ£ʦûǶû

ͣ
ͣ

ȴǽԲͻعɽȳ

*

ңԷľŵ

ԲɿĸʦֺʦֵֻƬó淢¡

ȳɽ󶯣۶̵ʵݲţ

ﳤ˵ɷһմȾе޳ŵùʱ
éɽڵġСʦáȴš
ĺúõġ

ڣ;ͣ¹һʱ䣬Ҳ˴ա

ղԿƵĴ췣ۣɽͷһ

ػɡղźۿȨľԲ



һĳУԲȿ˿ڡ
ԭ췣Ϊڵλްæǿ̫ˣλʱҪɷѾ˹ؼʱ̣췣֮װæٹһʱӦþɾˣ

ԲĻһĳĬ

ڵĵǷ׷׿ɽӡ

ǰʦ˵ҪɷףôҲڸɽʮ¡

ɸղǸŮ˵ʲô

ٹһʱɾ

ʦ֣Ůǲ֢ˣ
ʦһ䡣

ߵʦҲüͷ
ǰʦ֣㲻˵ǵʮ²깤Ůô˵һʱܽһɷ֣˵ˣ

ںͷڮСʦõ˾ڹ̲סˡ

˾ͷ
Щ˺ôҲǵޣô˳¾ظࣿ
˵ɷ֮˻ãСʦûĺúõġ
˵ɷԶԸҲɽˣ
СʦҪɷǾȻ˵˵ӣҿӻ˲Ŷԣ

סڣ
ǺʦܱһһŭȻͷ𣬾Ҫȥ˾ۣһȴɽֹס

ɽӳüɫ𣬾Ȼ˾ڹžǸ
λéɽڵĵѶԲסˣղŵȷûŪ࣬ᡣɽĿľɷĿһ£ѷǵУ

ɽָ׹𣬾ʱյһﳤϵļӼž
ʶ򿪡
[éɽһǴ˴θɽɷףҪ뿪бҪնࡣ]



ɽӵָⶶ˶ŸĽٴĽ˾ڹŸס
ɤҲ
벻éɽھɷ֮йأѹҵȶԸ˵ɷᱻѹơ·ͬСɣѽӵڳţбҪն࣡λ׼

ǰһ붼ҪԻ

û뵽һɽӾƳӹһٰʮȸ˻ͷ˾Ӧֱƿڴ
ɽӣͷһңҪǺɷйϵйϵ̯ˣαصץţʦɽǲƨ|ɣǷݺǺôƤҡ

˾µĻɫתڵɽԽӸûڡ
Ķһ½ţݺݿʦܡ
ڹţ׼úʯһֻҪлȥ޲ӳȥƴͬھҲл뿪

ڹźݺݵ˵ͷ
ã

*

û˾ڹӰ̬ɽھеĻƽ⽣
λéɽһ˵˴ɷѲ˸ϵַﳤָ췣֮췣ɱ




67.   67    ٽգһˡ

ɽӺ֮, ڵĵ뽫з

ɫʱڿн֯һ߲һǰǰ췣ڣ

¡¡¡

ԭͺĴ췣, յ֮ӿһµĺɫ׵磡
һ, Ź궼еļϢɷĩ

Χŵ˾ڹſɫ, Աߵ˶죬ͷһμ˿ֲ췣ֳ

ɽȴֻǵƳкɫ׵磬гһȦ, ǰ
, 죬а췣ڤȥ

䡭

ָĺɫ, ڳɽѹȥ
һڣɽ۴϶ѳһ϶
һصĺ, ɽζ£

*

ž

ǧ֮, ֮, һڸɽѺͬʱ

ﳤϾĮĿԤʯ, ɿ
췣ɽڵܣӦǱסˡ
һéɽڣлᵱǵҲ¡

*

޿УԽԲΪ׵Ѿ۵һ, ɫҰף

Ƕ棬ǵɫļ޲ĽһнΪҽ

ǾҰ׹ǣֻǿеɷ, ɼ£Ϊޣ

һ߷һԽĿԲܴӰϻøİȫС
ϣһⶼŴԻ̣̲üûܷǵĴڡ
ɵȵ׽ⶼһҲӲˡ

е޺޺޳
ҪǸɽͻȻԣҲ˽ѣ벻ܲǣǱΪ飬ָ¹Ϊ
ǣ޿ڵĶԼģȴƫƫҪߵéɽͷϣǸղҲˣǻᱻһס

ԲͷŽµ۱ߣüҲĴŹɴ
ңҾɷ˵Ͱȫˡ

ڵȴδáԲ˻ο
ѣǣ㲻ҪҲֻܹǰǷǲֵĵޡ
ǰѣ˽ѲܱסûүˣܺͽͬѨޱԸ


ЩζıýԲ̧ͷ
ȻͶǸޡһ˫۾


͵رͣµͷûôأǰΥĿڴ
ײ޷ơ


Բ˲ָ
ǰа취Ըף

ղŻ˸е룬ⱲĻȻһڻҡ
û뵽ǰһ仰Ҹȼˡ
ΣգΪǰųת

Ȼǰʱͦ£ȴΣصľ᰽İȫС

ؿڣ𻡶ȡ
ǰá


ͻȻĸҲŲ̫Ȼת˸Ȧ
ʶܿ
Ըײ򵥣ȵȵȡ

ţ
Բεĵͷ

*

ڣŽϵķӡ⿪

һ⿪Ĵƿڴ
ùƹȻ˽ӡӲɱˣͳȥˣʲôǰǴʱ壡Ҫ˽ӵԶԶģԶ뿪㣡

ɭһЦ˿ĻκζݣɳƵﻹЩϡ
ȷҪ淢ңڼҪ˺һɻʱ򣿡


㲻˵Ҫ˶Ըѵ˵㻰

˵㲻Ҫ᲻˵ˡ
ʱͣ»ͷֻ˼ϢͱƵĴȰ

̫ˣˣңˣʱǲǹʲôҪֻҪܾˣҲ˵ˣ춯ְԻֲ̼˶õģ

ʱŰߣ
ס˵Ļ
ˣһԻϵʱһȼͨ飬ȥ췣Ȩ
㼴ΪŹڴ飬Ӧ֪ô췣ֻ֮Ҫɵ췣֮ôǴ췣ˣȻ¼ס

Ҫǰ壬Ӧһĵļг
ˣʲôа취ҪȥۣܿƤĽԼϣ|||Ĵ󻵵Ҫ

ǻȼͨ𣿡
ʱǳɵѾЩͷˣԽ˵Խ١

һȥͱҵĹסˡ
ֲǻǣôȼꣿ

ǰļѾʱ
׼ãҪʼˣ

һһͬʱ͸Ի̣ʡ

*

췣µĺɫףѾɽ϶´ͨ׵ĺڶ϶
ʶ̽϶ڣܿһ˿ɫףѾ޿һжݻٳ

ʱ˿̣޿һǵİ׹ǻȥ

׹ǽԲ˲µĳԻû
ڵ޶һͱ

ҲѾûбĶˣǱ޿ɱܡ

Բһһ߬ؿڴĻڣǹɿļ׳ԽԽֻüĿڴԽԽԽԽ

ڻǰδҪζԸףҪ󷨡»أɶˣ
ǰа취Ըļ

ԲͷĿڳȣͼ´Ļ޷Ʈ𣬴ڴֱֱ˳Ϯļף

䡪

ǹɿܻһеڽԻ̻飬˽Բǰ
ȴһ̱ؿڴֶĻסȥ·

ʱӽԲȼһˣһڵ޶ͬյĴ
Ƿ׷ʹı۾ΪǱко

ʱһһȥɻյĸоδȥ

еںͷֹһ
ģԭ֮ǰʱôüˣ



ұһ˵ٶۡ

ȻͿǰʿĽԲڰиţ˿̻һƬɫ֪



˻۾ûнһĻӿͻȻ߬ණֱۣʹ
ڡȼͨ𣿡

ȼͨ飬˼ȼյ꣬ͨ顣
ȷʱð취

ڵ췣֮Ѿֻӵɱ¾ܵĻ㽭ԲͨˣҲı䲻κ

۽ɬ·ʶ˽Բ

ҲʪۿԿʼᡣ
֮ǰܵýԲȼԴǺεºܰ



Ϊȼ״̬˲Ϣͻҵţˡ


ְʱ󣬴ҵѹҲֲסĽˡ

ϵ˸֮ɫԱֻڿиĺɫǽૡ
ôûȼ

Ĳ߽
ʵȼյʱ̫ˡ
ѲɽѵѾǿ˹ȶɽٴˣ
ҲֻжɽڵĴܣȼʱûɡ
ɼǶɽڵĴܣ걻ţҲû

ٴαٶˢ˶ԽԲ֪

ŤͷʱֶͬλޣͻȻƽˡ

ٽգһ˱Բŵˡ
һ룬о

*

ʱȼͨĽڣ췣֮Ѿսŵ״̬

ʤ췣̶֮Ϊ췣ˣڲپνļס

ܡܰܣ

ŲҪٳһιʱȼأ

ˣҪػ

ͨеǰ췣֮˹ȥ




68.   68    ˵ˣ

ڴ췣֮սʱ

ȼɫڵĽԲѾ, ʶܿƵĵʶڣվڱɽǰǶѩĻˡ

оʵ֡

Լʶ, ɽԲȴԼ˿̵Ŀ͸һİıĮ
ͺ񡭡˭͸۲Ƭѩһ



˺ͼеӶԱСһȦ, ڱɱ⻬ĵطһµѩ·͹Գ
Ҳ֪Ϊʲô, ʱ˿̣Ƭ͹ѩۿɼٶ³͡

ԲʶãƬѩͺ, ԤϵĽ

ûڶ۲һ, ʶֲܿƵص

һΥͯ
ˣˣѰ



˵ˣ
Բ˵㱻Χȼһĺɫע⣬ǡôˣ˭ȼ𣿡

һ۱㿴ǻȼպлǽ, ûȼջǡ
ǡ
ԲȻһؿڴ¶Ļ

˿̵Ļ, ӿźΧǽһģһĺɫ

˵, ȼĲ, ǻǰ

ǰ

Բֹ̱, ȴʱٶȴĴߴ
ˣ췣̫֮ˣң죡ϡû͸֮ǰץס췣֮

Բ˲Եɣ߬ȭͷסɬ״ʱĲֹǰǲûǰĻǰװȼգ

ʶȫ, ԭ·ĴʱѪ㣬ٴγ췣֮˹ȥ

ڽԲİ£ԽԽ, ϹȥŤת

췣֮ԽԽСֻʣ¿ſĺɫš

ѾõɻˣͽԲһٴѹȥס

ٵ췣֮Ӧֱӡءһڽȥ

*

Ҳ˲䣬ԲȼͻȻʧ

ڳԻ˶õļ췣ҲһΣ



սʼİƴ󣬽ȴϢ

Ǵ˵һǰܻļ췣ƮƮġˣ

˻ӣЩزʵ

ֻô˾̫𣬰߼ܷƫƫͷˣ

*

޿ھһľ󽫽ʱɽ۴ڵĵ޻ʲô֪ĽǰĴ췣

ڵĺͻȻɢ»Ϊɫǵɫһɡ

ɽѾƽ⽣ɫķɽеһΪȻĻȣȻĵ
λ췣ɽڵɷ׶Ѿйɣǿ뿪ˡ

ĿŲԶĽӣ޺޶ڹź˾
ҪǱţ̾ͻᳯ

ɽʶɨۣ˸ûɷŲƽĵ
лԴéɽڣһѺߣǺɳϷ䣡

˵վͽ뻻˾ڹŶ
ϸӳǸֵڹžͶǿн۳ſ

һѻɫСʯ˲簵㳯ɽ˷˹ȥ

Ի˾ڹŷߺ޵Ĵ󺰡
һѺĳʲڣɱ޹ҪǸСʦᣡ
ԣᣡ

䣡䣡䣡

ɽӵ˾ĿУʮСʯӾƬɽ۶ըı

ʱ綼ĺʹʯڱڵһжڸǣ

˾ڹӳʯͽ۾ȴ١
Ԥڵıըδĺըδǵ۽֡



ۣŷϸһ㻤֣ǽԲһϲ˻ķ

˾ڹŻӣӿ¡
ءʦ֣ûСʦúʦܡʦܶˣô찡ء

˾ڹźݺݱ뻳кݺ࣬Ҳڷйʹ⡣

ڹűһƬǰ

ǰ

ͻȻס
ʦ֣Һ񿴵ˡѲѾˣ

˾˳߻ͷȥֹ漴һ
Сʦãʦܣʦܣǣû

*

ֻɢȥıըУɽԲͷ桢һڲ࣬һѵޡڰ֮лֳΣ

Բ˾ڹŶ˶ö˶˵ģϲ
ʦ֣ʦ֣

ûʦüͬŻߣڴʱһıըԲ˹˹

ڵǰޣ

ʯȻ޴󣬿ҲЩˣȻܡ

ɽӿͻȻðĽԲˣ벻ͨ˿ֲļ£ܹ
˼ǰﳤϸʶ㽫Ҳéɽڵ˵ı֮У
Բ󣬵һʱ㹥ȥ

ԲһֻϮķһָػȥ

ڿкȻײʱ뷢һʵը졣

䣡

ɫͻ䡣

û뵽һڣܽס굤ڴԲһ̬ɣ޶ݣ

æλʦʦǡ
СģԲѾɷ췣סˣéɽڹȻﳤԣıС



׶˸ԼǹɷĽԲ̳ɫ
뷴ȥĵǱȽӹͷɽ˹ȥ

ִ࣬
ڶǶѷʲôƨĶʲôıˣ޿ðΣɷǵãɽͷżףЩһ޹ɱҪ˵ıҿڲŶ԰ɣ

ǣҿǴӸղžӰʯ¼ѵͱˣݺҲƾоݣھ͸ǿ޹֤ݣ

յ˵ͽеӰʯ߶ڿͶԲɷŨв˫ģ

ж䣬Щɷȷۿɼļ٣

ɽɫĿ˹ȥҪʱĿͻȻԲеʱ
һŹа
ֻͨĴӣϲŵĺϻơȻ췣֮йأ

˵Բ֮ɷΪǿ췣󣬶ȡ˿ɽƷ췣֮

ɽ߬еĻƽ⽣һָ򽭰Բеսӿ

Բ˴췣ɷְа췣֮ҽձҪе֮ڷ

û뵽ɽ˵ʹ򣬸⣬Բһڶ㿪

ĵ޼״ҪְæɶȴзҲ

һڵȶԷ֣ۼԲɽѾԾУɴͣԭأǴ˵

Բ췣֮ʢΪһ󾳽ɽӽѷɫ

ϲĽѸĹӰڸɽըһʱ֮佫е޵Ŀⶼ˹ȥ




69.   69    ⻰㻹˵һ𣿡

ɽΪŵ, ͶĹͨɢȫһ̺Ŵŵĵ̣Ҳ

굤ڴԲΪһ׽۹ĵƷǷ, ϶صĲͽ, һʱ侹ýԲռ˿ˣ

ǰѻƽ⽣Ҳӵн飬ÿһӳ, Ľ򽭰Բеһһε׷£ԲȺ, ټԳǱ

, ԲһֲȡʤԻ경ܿâȴ
ɽһ֣˼Ѫһкš
ˣÿȥȥҿ϶ܴӮģ


û뵽¿ں, ˸|սӡ
ԲҲѪԣɴӭѶϣ

Ϊͨ, ƽ⽣Ľٻ¿̺ۡ
û뵽йȥ, ֻӵϴ, û˺۳, ĽϮĽһԿյأ

䣡䣡䣡
ǣǣǣ

ԽԽĽɻΧ

ԲЩ
ǰ˵ʱ򣬶⹥ԼԵƢԣҲĽࡣ
췣֮ʱԼ, ȿĸӾ׼ҲܹյʵЧ

Ѱ˺Ӯ·ӣԲ׷ſ, ʼרעܺ͵ϮԽɣ

ɽȴɫ

һŽԲһ򽭰ԲӰ޷Լ͸ڴôãƽ֡

һһεķųУǽԲ鲻㣬ȴÿÿﶪڹؼʱ̶㿪
շת䲻ǽ£ǳջһ췣Ϣ

淳ʤ

ɽȻû䣬ȴƱ˴˰ư㽥
һҪڵĽԲʶʶʲôл굤ڴԲ
ʲôָʹĽ飡

*

һΧ˴򶷵ĵǣԽԽԵľƣع

̫ˣ
ԲΪڣһ·תƣŲת֮Ĳ͹٣

ɽҲ˿ǿ±ŷųУ֮䣬ֻİ֮ʣʢˣ

̲סк
ãѴúã
ڵһĽѣڵɽӶѷɫѣݣ
ѼͰһܴڵĹƨ



ڵĵɫɽһʹ졣
Ȼɽӵıֲ⡣

УͶһ˾ڹ˶ڽԴ۾Ĳš

궯Ĵĺɫʣ̫ˣǵҪ̲סóֽʼһǡ
ⷨ췣֮Ժǲ򵥰ϴĻƽ⽣ѷɫ֮ǰˣ
ԭʹڽ·񵥡û뵽Բ˲֮ǰñ䶯һˣ

һ棬㵹ɻ
ʦ֣ʦ֣ʦ֣ôܾɽͦģĶţ

ʹ˷ȴԲϺš

ĬĬһۣ¶𰸡

ʱڵĵ޶̲סҲ˺ȹĶС
ʦּͰ굤ڵһأɲһ֮

һȻһԼĶɽˡ
չʯ°ٵƹһȦֽԲֳڰ׺̻ƨɵ뿪ȥϲ

ʱϡڰٵĻ굤ڵһɽţ
ʱڡ굤ڡӤڶڵˣûɽӡ

ԣһΧ۵ģһıȶֳ
ʦֵĸڲܿƵĳͣ

󣬵Ѿʼڵ˻˺
ޣɽҲ굤ڵһǽѲһʵĵһ
˶˰ȻĿڵһ굤ڵһȥ߱ˣҲûŰɣвУҪҲ¼ѣЩҶ¼ЩӢ˰



ԭŵĸɽӼ͹ľڵԲȻҲһЩŵĻӡ
ʦܣҸղûɣԲǸٵڵһġéɽ||ϣ

񡭡ǰɡ
ʦ͵Ŀǰȶֳش

أ

ڴʱһͻȻײڶԿкݺˤ£䵽ڵĵǰ



ɽӣ

ǵʦ֣ȻԲһУݺˤ˵ϣ

Ȼİˡ

Ϊ굤ڵһʦ֣һڴˡ

һڵǵɫ˺ڣϣĿǱʦֵزֻԼƺʦһܵ˴Ĵ

*

ԲڰиƯš

еɢ׵絼ĵơ
ĴҲ΢΢š
ˣɣ췣֮ԺڿԿԼˣ

ԲĽȴԾؿڴλá

Ӹղ޿ڳԺ󣬻ǰš
ƳĺȶޣһҪʧ

̧ḧؿڣ΢Ϣ̲ס۵һ䡣
ǰ

ûĿ佱˵һ뺦ĹǣʱĲС
ˣǡޣǹʱ壡
¿ֲĴ

඼ߣȴΪʱԼ˵ؼڣͣðӨӨ⣡

Χĵ޾ڴʱΧ

ԲΪ׵ӣһ˵İΣݣҶԼĸм֮ġ

̫ˣ
˽ѣǲҽûɷϮѵĻݺڣѣһݣ
յ˵ĹȥҪݣȴéɽڼȺס

λˣѵǰǱ͸ͬ۹ã
ǰǴҾСʦüܳ˫ǿҲҪɷʴΪ

һڵ֮ʣɽڴӻл

λʦʦýΧм䣬ۣ̹ѯ
ʦ֣㻹𣿡
ǸԲϻǲصʦ㶼ˣ
éɽڸбɺ׼㣬´򶼴򲻹˼ңϵķԸҲ

ɽӱλʦ̧ܷѹסۣߵԲһǰ

Բһ˼Ҫ̼ƴ

˾俴ɽӲ˳ۣſھ
ɽӣּˣβ͸ϽܣòҪǷıۣ˵ʲôéɽװɣ

ԲȻҲΪġ
Ż¹ڳɽӺڵˣһЦ

֮׵ЩΨǴӣǷǵĹ|֡
Цɱ

ֱֱ߹ɽţҲڵĵŭɫ
ɽӣ˵éɽǴ˴ɷϮĻ֮ˣҵҪʣνĹǳ֮ɻ֤ݣ

q(s^t)rһ
û֤ݣУ

ҴĶʮλ޽Կ֤éڸҴͶɷǰ±Ʒںʹصҽûһ˲Ż޿ߣ⴦ɷŨ֮أéɽڴʼնʹº޹ϸ𣡡

У˵ҵа飬ڴҲˣ⻰㻹˵һԼ췣ƣ췣֮ǣǽվ۸ף

ϸξ;վתٶ˵ʲôɽӵ֪Ըõľģ




70.   70    װװ

չɽ, ɽ۴һƬڼ֮С

ɽӿǰػĽԲŵһǸںޱ, ȴ˵ڡ

ʵڽӵﳤϼӼž첻, ɹѧڹһǡнֹĸ֡
ӵž, ʶĵ׵Υ͸УѡעһĿ췣

ڵĽԲûɱ, һ֮סʮ, 췣֮
췣֮ӳ֣ܰһ

ɽӵĿٴ䵽Բϣڱۡ
, Ƿǹ, ɽӡ޻˵һʱͿ, Ǻɷйϵ, Щ˵, ҪɱҪУһǣʦʦǶ޹֮ˣǡ

ԲͻȻֹ̧ס֮ԣˡ
λ, ɶӰʯ¼ˣ

Сʦ÷ģҶ¼ˣ
˾ϲɫĴص

Ҳ׷׵ͷӦ
ѷģҲ¼, һȥоͽ๫֮ڣزéɽڵԩ

ɽӣ
ԽԲ˵ô࣬ʵΪ¼׿ϴľ

ɽɫ䡣
ѣλҼϴ㲻ٽɷ߸éɽڣҲ򲻿ɽɷ֮¹֮ڣ
ǧǰǸգΪǽ°£ɷԶǿô򵥣һ˼ãԻ᰽綼޷صľأλ˼

Բ˻δת⣬̾һ
Ҳգǲ׵뿪תͷὫ´ڴСλ֮ףԼϡ

ʦֹ
ʦ֣˵˵Ҫûģ
ǰʦ֣¹غ̫ǧ˵

ɽӸɴ¸罫ʦʦǸ⣬ڡ

*

ԭǧǰǻδǸյʱɷھ᰽ɹһΪ۵ľƽ١

Ǹʱɷ˳֮Ϊ궾û֪η

ֻ֪궾ĵޣһʱڹ̶ʧȥ־Ϊһֻ֪ɱ¾ķħ

˴һò״һ£ԿɱΪӦ֮Щл궾ĵȫ޿ڣü췣Դֹ궾ɢȥ

նɱ궾㱻סǸգ궾йص³񣬲޿߳صҽ桭

ɽ𣬹Ƿ޿ߵɷָÿɴ췣ףһοɷ

ռ췣췣ֱ֮Բķգպ޿ɷµķӴá

Щ˵޿жɷ¶Ǳ˵֪Ȼٴһ˺ƽ١

*

ɽɫʹδۼǧǰĲҰ˵Ҳܹоʱڵκ;

ĿŽԲ˵
ѣɷһ¾ǵУһҲۻھ᰽ʲôĿֻţһΪа֪֮вٿأ᰽ؽӭȻ٣ĳԸ⣬ֻҽ°£Ҫ⴫



ԵɣԲ˶ɷһµԡ

ǣ֮ǰѾɷڰ˰

Բæϸһ顣

ɽɷ»ָܻǣʱɫ󾪡
⣬ôܣɷѾɾ١

ȻסǰﳤϵĻ
ʱﳤ˵ɷ죬ȫסѲɾ᰽ͼı죬ٶһ

ɽӵʱվסˡ
ѣˣҵþعϢˡ
ǧһֱоɷ䵱Ƶ޵ǹǺܿҪһӲˣ

˶٣򽭰ԲĶֹĵ
ѣһһ鷳㡭

Բ˳Ŀ⿴Լװ˷ʯĶȻ

ԭɽôһȦȡ˫
Ҳǣ췣֮ˣܵ뷨Ӵ޿߰ɷ

ȻԸϾȥ󷨿츣᰽硣

ɾȥô붼Żûš
ɽӿǲҪǵأ
ɱȷޣѱŵı
ɾǸ˵崦˽֮ܽǰһʹˣ

ɲô󷽵ˡ

ԲȡʯɽǰһȦʶӹȥֹΪѵջ
ҲֻʣˣԭȥЩʯָһյλ޵ѵģ

ɫԲԴϣԼһǱǱ̨ʲҪ̫ԡ

ٶ۹ֱɽӶЩˡ

̽ʯȡкʦܽʯͳСɽһѵ˽ԲǰȭҾ
Ըóʣ˫ʵ˴֮ҵֻʯԱ𣬻뽭ѲҪ

ԲһɫɫʯӣɽȡĻǸǧ򼶱ĺɫʯӣֶҪˡ

ǶǮˣʮټһǧ򣬼ǧƷʯ˰

˵ˮתܶôãȻҪ

Բס嶯ʯӴ𣬾͹ƵĲ࣬ŰԴǿɽӵ˵ͷ
鼱֮Ҳȥˣ޵˵Ҳǿˡżȥ͸ǰɡ

ԲʯӾͲ˵ɽͷЩ졣

һѾռ˴ˡټϸµȷأþرǣԼʦʦǳԲ˹Ҿݿնȥ

*

ˣͬԲڵһڵǶ˿

ǽһ뵽Ӱʯƭɽģǰڻúһ

ʵܵɽƴԾԸ뿪
Ͼڵӳһѷֲ˺á

뵽ˣڵлԲˡ
ǣ벻Ҫʲôֻ꣬޲̾뿪˵ء

ԲɽӺͶԶ׵һһʵġ

ڵ˽ѵ̷ʯӡ

һЦԲ

ΪԲΪ˳ɽ׼ʲôȴһ

һǧ˰٣ǧ٣ǧ٣ǧšۣȻǧƷʯڵĵ޿Ƿ򰡣Űʮʯӡ

ڵޣ

˰ɣȰпʯĽѣôЦ̯Ц
ȷǽԲû

Բϣת˶һڵޡ


ԭҺһܹעڵϽ˶ʯӡ
͵͵Щԭء

Բεĳ¶ݣʯӸ߸߾
ԭҲôʯȻˣǾ͹ǮɣЩǮڸǵķڷѣպ˵㻰λҲؿֻܽӰʯڵľ󱬳ȥҪǺÿ

Ůһ̮ʵڵ޴ԽʯȡߣڽԲкУƨһɢȥ

ֻգ۹󣬸ɽ۶ֻʣԲʦˡ
и͡

ôûߣ
ԲɫĹ⡣

ŵŻͷҲ˼ֻ̧Сĵ
ѣҿԸһضҲȥé彣һ˼񶾣̫ͬˡ

ȥŰҲЩò

Բͷ
͸ֻé彣ܵҲ̫˰ɣѵͲһصéڣһ״

һŤĸ߸
ң

ܸҡ
Բ֮ĸ
룬ƽսݺԵ˵࣬Ҳţé彣أ컨˵õʱһ˭

һ룬ۿ΢죬Ȼ
أѣҸô찡ѲéҲܻȥ𣿡

С治Ű
Բ֣
ʵ취ܼ򵥣װװˣ

ʦʦܣ

СʦڵΪʲôоֵֹģ

񱻽̵Ĳֻǰүأ




71.   71    òǴǰ֡

Բһ뿪ɽպ, һƬƮȻ䵽˸ɽ۴
˵ζΪɢ飬ֻǸӰ

ӰɽĴ̻˻ɽѷԱʵΡ
Ǹ, üĿģĻޡ

, ѷƣȻһ˿ϤϢ, ˲伤
ûǹϢˣĻˣ

ȡŻ齫Ϣպãɶݻʬɽϡ
ʬɽͷܿðĺɫ, ʲô¼Ҫ

*

һĻ, δӹʬɽͷĹǵޡ
һʬɽѾֹ꣬ʱҲȷɽѹˣ̽ʬɽҶϢϱ

ɽһ, ڴʱǡɳۻص˹ǡ

żڵĸڣ׵ﳤҾ

ͬΪ֮һ, ڵĴ, ֻͲŭ

ʬɽ춯ϢͳɫԸ
պõ˰֮, Ҳɽ︡ħˡ
ٹձǹ, ЩɢСȥ֣̽̽

ǣ
ǵ޽Ҫ׼뿪ȴɽס
ʦ˴ι޼ڶ࣬ǲҪЩ׼

ɽͨ׷һֱͦȴûӡе緢
ŹֵĽ̬

ʦһ, ׵ͬ
ﳤʾ£

ͬɨɽӵӣٿһǱ̬̲³ɽǳ˲

˶, üͷ
ɽӣ²⴫ҵ

ɽΥڹҪ׼һҾ˫ϥ£ɽϵ½˸ס
ﳤϣľéɽȷʵɷ޹ϵˣһؽɷ󷨡

ɽ˵վͽ˫ʯϡ

ͬϸָ׷ʯǣûɽӵΪǰ
ɽӣĺðȻ޹֮ˣȻնɱοéɽڻ׳󷨣˹ǧŵɷ⡭

ͬһ˫۾Ц⣬۵ȴɲ⡣
ʯУԽ졣

󷨣ɷоȾܴȼӿ죬õȵŴȣһ־ɿΪߵĵޡ
ǧǰߵ󴫳УеǷǽԲԹԽ

ֽͬĿͶ׵ɽӡ

ɽȻΪм㣬̬ȡ

ͬЦ֡
ɽӣɻʲô£

ɽŹĵ
ﳤϣʵӻһҪҪйéڹϸ¡ƺйһֱڰоɷѾڱ־£пɷı
ֻǴֻǽԲ˵һ֮ʣ֤Ӿãôιʼܱ߲´͵;еǱɷȾ²صĲҿ

ͬʧֽöʯ顣
еϲ˲㱻ɱҲָϸµȭͷ
£ֻͽԲ֪𣿡

ɽһ˿Ϊʵص
ֹңͬеʦʦǶ֪ˣԲһжʮɢҲ

룬ֲ
ЩΪ˰ｭԲϴԩӰʯ¼޿ڷ¡
ﳤϲصģѾǽ˴µԣΪ˾᰽İǶ⴫ġ

ʮ֪ܣ⴫
ɽӣȻҪ·˵

ͬǴġ
ŶɻǵЩ˭òΣ

Ŵ֮ǰסһ־ҲáȻֻ鱬֮ǰǰˡ

ͬɱ˰ֱУɽӹҡͷ
ﳤϣǰޱΪȥѰ󲿷ֶŸʶֺͺۣܡûм¡

ͬԽۣɽϡ
ɽӣ֪޿һµԣǴӰʯ뿪Ϊһڹ棬й޿һ£ΪȻ׷ʯԽ⣬ӡȥܾžụ̋ȥڹŴٳɡ

ȥ£ֻԽԽᡭ
ãͬ޲õ|죡
ݺݷ䣬һʧ

ɽһͣû뵽ղŻڿͬһתͷͱ˵Ҫ
վ䡣

пտյͬȴѾѾ׷ʯʧ

*

һߣԲһ˸ɽͷٸϻض

ٹվǹڸɽһ͵ա

ӣʦһüӽϻΪ׼ˡ

ԲλʦİΣغͰعéڷֵͷ̤ңͨеĴ

Ӵ췣ڳԺѰλʦ㷢ž
ȴûеõظ

ĳŵգλʦƲŻ᳹ȬͻȻûϢòԣǰ˰ɣ

Բż֣˴ͳشʥֵĵ̳ȥ
뿪ˣɴҲų˽ȥ

ҩͯڵüɫĺҩĵ۰ԣ۵ؼʱ̾ͱĽԲһڴϡ
޳Ͽڣλʦأ

ҩͯص
ôͻˣˣ޳վͽλʦҽϣΪΪͻéɽڣûյϢ𣿡

Բɫ̳ȥС˲ץ
˵ʲôʹˣʲôʱߵģߵģʲôϢˣ

ҩͯɫĽԲŵĶˡ
ͣͣӶ򱱡һˣȥ׷Ѿˡ

ԲݺݶţתͷͳңҪٻض

ɸյſڣȴСס

ߵСһȻĳ
ѣ¸롣

ң¸ȻҪԲ˶ˡ
ѣȻʶңĸǿǻڵĴܣéΪߵҵҲŻӤڴԲ

Բɫһͷü塣
ôң¸Ҫһ²ȥ۽ˡ㻹ǸϽȥé彣Լõĵطϰɣéڣҵۣ

һ㶣ʶ˵ԲôˣѾé彣һϣûԼʲôϵĵط
һ·İһڿˡ

״Ķ˶š
Ͳ˭ԸⰭۣq(s^t)rҪȥʦˣߣ

ĿŽԲС˴ңתͷʹϺɫĸۣϳԻ̡
˺һȷûβͣ͵͵ùһߵĴ˶ȥ񼸸˴Ϣ

*

ʱ˿̣ǧּ䰵ϣȭŭĿŶߴﻤ׵Ůޡ

˪ѩѾ˵װףȥȷҪͻéɽڣǾȻң

ʦ˪練üŨɫſڱ˻ȥ
ǻéɽڣôģΪҪʳۣҪʦûÿնñٹȵ͵͵ţǽöͱӵĽ첻Ӧеصزˣ

ʦѩվߣҲŶ
һΪͭɫڤĵʱ䣬ûƽᣬﻹ߬һѻɫСʯӣƴ

ʼնûз·۽´Ļȣ¶Լʵһ档
ȻǲԼ߻éɽڣֻýǵȽŴӲϻȥˣ




72.   72    ˣ֪ҵ

˵ձ̧żǰ, ˪ͳѩ˳˹

ѩͳ˪ϬԾ΢Ϊڸߴﻤ׵ļӳ˿ٶȣ
ճ˱һһͬʱ㿪, ˳㻹ԭĺʯ

䣡

ը, ˲˵ս̨ϱԲ֫Ŀ־壬ʶںըпԼ֫

ʯС, û֫˿ۼ
һ̧ͷʱȴû˳ѩͳ˪ټ

أ
˴ŽԲĸߴﻤףҲ˲Ϣ֮ӵ

˼Բ̨ϹȵӰ, ɫ, ʶȡһö躬С
躬֮Ŵٸ֪˪ѩδ׼ҩ, Ҳշʳҩζ

ǼһʣЦͬʱѸԾ, һȭһƬҶӣ

䣡

ȭͷǻӳȥ, û뵽ӭľȻŷʤĺʯ

ԲĶ, Ȼζܻûأ

, ȭȻըöõĺʯ
q(s^t)rҵҪóըҩ

ɴԭԾУȭܺȥ

䣡

ĹΧľ˴֦ҶڣһƬǽ壬ĳһȭȥ, Ƭ֦Ӱ׹䣬ͻȻͣͷ

䣡
ǣ

ֻͷȻһ죬첲ؽھͱʲôǿ϶µ
ûͷ, ھͷɳȥϤĻؼ֫

˪ͳѩͷ
ǽó֣Ҳеɣ

䣡


û˫۵ս轵ֻ±㱻˪ͳѩ뱬ͷ˹ȥ

û뵽СʦƳĸߴﻤǿ󣬳˪ͳѩԿֳΣ˴˶ϲ

ʦ㣬Сʦø׼׸ߴﻤ׿ãҲŸյڣȻӵпȻӤڵٶȣһڣ񲻸ǿˣ

ѩЦӯӯĿѵĳ˪ָֻ˼еţֻᡣ
ɵ䵽ϵڤʱüɫȴ

׻ףСʦ˵ӹϵͼġ

ⲻֻ׸ߴϣϵĸؼ֫

ʦ㣿
ѩšü

ţô
˪δѩüĵǡ

롭Ȼȱعˣһа֣ǻΧв鿴һСʦǴӸɽˣȥǰɡ

˪˫һӦ
ððûȥСʦ֮ǰᵽ֮أ죬ȥѰһŨĵطɣ

ѩĳ˪ڴǵЦȴԽɬ
ֻǵһ
ã߰ɡ

*

һߣС˴ңڵĽԲڼ³ɷ硣

һգ³ɷ磬º͡
ԲɫİɫҲ޶ݣֻС¾¶ºЦݡ
ѣּˡ

Ҫ³ɷǸ򲻹ĻʿԲһȥˣ
ƤЦⲻЦĹ˹ǡ
¸ʱغλʦйأװ˴Ķȥˣ

ϸղű黹ܺ³ɷ磬ʺȴ򽭰Բ
ѣȥĶ㲻ӦñҸҪ޺ûؼ֫Ҳң˶ǰ˾ߣôҪһ𣿡

Բһ˼תûгҲûзֻĵ
ôң˾Ͳ𣿡
Ѳ͵͵ʦǣ
˵ǲõˣиߴﻤڣʦӦǵġ

Բɫһɡ

³ɷ絭ɨһۣҲ׼ˡ
ȡһöհžડŵϣԲƹȥ
ѣһ󷨡

ԲȻʮ㣬ɴָ
ȻӸɽŻѾ֪ɷ¡췣췣֮ҲΪգôµϷӦҲɣҪɷ۰ɡ


û뵽ŻعƬ̹³ɷϢѾͨˡ
Բɫתȭͷɿ󻯳һءЦݡ

ôϰԸȻԸ
֮ǰңҲһʣռ֮ǰһʸ߼ۣҲ㱨֮ľԹˡ

뵽ˣԲ¸ҵĳ³ɷһֻ֣ʨӴ󿪿ڵĵ
ǧ򡣡

*

ɫʯӣԲ˷ܣǵǵĴңڻ˶

̤ңţͼɫҴҺƴʦֵˡ

һ۾ͿңǰǸϤӣк
Բ

ͬɵر飬Բ
ʦ֣ûҲѶʦʦʧ¶𣿡

Բһѯðڵͬ˶ɫһ͡

һЦ
Сʦ㣬㲻õĶʦʦոѾѶ˵·ϾͱʰˣѾء

һ鲻αλʦֵıȴЩֵֹġ

ԲԼЩëȻ
λʦ֣ʦû£ǲʲôɣ

дһƲȻЦȴƽټɫ
Сʦãʦʦû£ţԷžʡ

Բ̴žȥ

ȴ˺һյ˳˪ٵĻš
[СʦãҺͶʦûˡߴﻤõĺܺãлˡǾܸϻȵǰٺǻϣ]

еȷŶһԼõİȫɽԲȴſŹֵֹġ
ͺ񡭡һĮ

΢΢ͷ˵ʲôо

ˣ̾һǰ
СʦãĲõʦˡ߰ɣվҪˣǴץϻȡڿǰЩΪһĻȪ⼸Щȥһ¡

ԲƵͷڴͷֻԼͷƸиء

ӰʱӽԹճ
ѣ
ѣ


ѣ

Բ̧ͷ

ȳһǸ޿аԲĵޣŷ·
ѣʽġѾŸңڹеء

ԲǣЦͷ
ˣ֪ҵˡ

˵΢΢죬һۺֲû˻֣ת뿪

ǰͽԲѯʡ
ѣ֮ǰ˵Ҫҿӡʯ¶ѾѧѴˣ

˵ͳԲ¶ɫʯӡ

ϵ
Բ˫۲ܿƵĴ̬ȴܿ

ôҲӵǧˡ
ȻʯӶ࣬ӻҪסġ

ʦѾ߿룬ԲɿĺԼڿջϣջ׷ʦǵĽŲ

*

濴ŽԲǰéɽڵĴ̾һ
ð

ƷڵʦǶЩֻ֪ĻΪڶݱŰȫ롣

Ҫи԰֧ţ͹¶ҲΪһˡ

ȵȣԣ

Լ£תͷͷɿ쳯дȥ

ɷһ£ȥˡ

ȻѾܹɷܻҪɢĺã
ֻԽԽ֪ܣ᰽ڼıӵ㹻ӦΣ




73.   73    Ҫѡһʦá

ɽ, ԲѾһ˵ʦóɳΪһ˵һҲʦˡ

λʦֵ˶ϱߵĻȪ⣬÷ԸΧš
֣Ƴ, һһ׼, ȫǰ˵ֻ·ĺۼ

Сʦ⸱ӣȴûԤеϲ, Ĭɫӡ

ʦ˪ʦѩǷ˱ƽž
ﲻĹʣᵽһ¡

ɡСʦñˡ

ϸ, Բɽŵʱ, һֱǸãС
ʹദˣȥ, ȴҲǸʦá

ڵСʦأ
Ȼȣʵ̬ʮǿ, ȫҪչ˾ǿ, һ˵츳
ؼһ㡣
ǾǾ, Сʦò츳, ֮ͨӲ⴫Ŷݼ֮Ҽ֮߾ǵУ

ȻҶԸʵСʦõȷпǼ֮ĳλܶˡ

ɫ̾һҲ˵ǱһЩʧѹһЩ

ֻȽθϻĻ, úù۲һ½Բ

*

Բ֪ԼµѾͬʦʦȫ

ʱʦһһƬţ˳Χ¸Ϣķ󣬺÷ʦһ

Դѧ桱ĸ̸ʦԺ, Ҿ;Լԡ
ϧΪֹҲֻʦ˾ɹһΡ
ʦֶȻҲɹˣǵһζ򣬲ϽϵĿѧ档

һָλʦڹǰéɽڵʵθһأ
ʱĳԻ󷨣ǰ󷨴УǰԲˣҲʮİéɽøģ

*

Сʦ㣬ڵ𣿡
һͻȻ̧ͷ

ԲһԾȥͷ
ʦܣȻ㲻ͨܲͷҳһЩλúüһǣ㲻󷨣ҲܴͨЩƤë

һٺٺЦ󣬡Сʦ㣬ô˼ҳ̫ˡ

ԲĻۣգۣʦܣΪߵģҶÿأɶ

Ц˱˴˲Ŷ

*

ںͷıĶ񼸸ɲɵЦ˻ӣ̾һ

Сʦõȷǲһˡ

ǰĽԲ¹֣ȴˡ
³ø߸׳׳ˡ
ʦڹһ˶ʱŵòιȥ
Ϊһ㣬ڻشҪծʱ򣬱ǰֲƺ˵ҽŵÿѪ˱

ڵСʦãߵˡ
ˣ
ΪѾɶŻʱ򣬻ǻ᲻Ծߡ
ˣֵĹĿһߣʦ֡

ȫЩЩֵֹĵطˡ

񼸸Խӡ

ʦú;ʦȣֻɣȴʵʵڵıˡ
֮ǰһֱЩɵ㣬ٿȥĶԾ

ԲڴʱͻȻͷ֡
ʦ֣ʦ֣ʦ֣󷨰ںˣ

*

ʦ˽ŲصߵУ̤һǲԾһ

ɽƽӻƮΧ
Բ㾹Բۼˣ

Բϲ̵ĵͷ۾˷ܣֻ߬Сȭͷ
ʦ֣Ұ˾һܽΧۼܰʱȹ꣬ļʣһҪôҶٶһΣȡڹøΣ


ʦéһƽоü²ܳԳɹһ
Сʦȴ˵ˮԷһ򵥡

ɽƽһϢֻԼǰģ˵Сʦ
ͷλʦܡ
Сʦġϰˣȳɡ

ʦڹźʦֶԵͷǰ׼

Բȴһ
ʦ֣˵ģһ˾Ƕȥɡ
ǰʦ֣һڻ굤ڵʱѾɹٶˡ

ɽƽͽԲһۣ֪ķмҪˡ

Բĸɽƽ˸ʾҪԡ̡ʦܡ

ɽƽһĬһתƮȥͶ񼸸׼ˡ

Բ͵кһ£ڵϻһĪ˹һλõ
ʦܣ㵱ת˵ʱֵģ

һͷʵĻص
Сʦ㣬ҵ·ߺ̫һʱΪ֫ѾԼЩ

ڵϻһĽֱ״½һ㡣
ҵĽڵ㣬Ӧ

Բһ˲ͷ
ȵȵһĹ򣬿ܲܳҵζ½ڵ㡣

һʶ͵ͷž㵵ſ͡
Сʦ㣬˵ʲôζ򣿡

ԲȻһЦ۾ȫǡʦܲ˰ɡɫ
ǰʦܣéɽڵĹЩ⣬ȶҺʦֶѾɹζˣҶѾˣ

ˡ
һһȥ
ΪԲһ仰׷ֱ

*

ԶΧСʦõ٩ʦܵʦɫԽ֡

ʦɽƽǾãСʦӣǶᰢԲԪ𣿡
ǸȤζҲ̫Щɣһ㶼ûνܸеֺߣӵĲˡ

ʦֶԽԲ˽࣬Ҳ˵Լ
Сʦ̵£ԼǽɷԪ߽ħɱˣ󲻳ɱ˰Բ֡

ʦ˾Ҳ̾˿
Ԫ£Сʦĸ֣ңƲħѾºˡ

ʦڹԳĬһĵ
ҾСʦͦõġΪ˾ǳңðΣȥɽôˡҲɱʦõ֣Ҳʲôء



ɽƽĬһ侲ĵ
Сʦϵɵ̫ˣȻδǱ¶κλģνСʦõ»дá

һƬ̣仰Ĭ

*

ԲıĴӺԾ
λʦ֣˵ʲôţǲǿԿʼˣ

ڹ˿һ
СʦãһһȲ򡣡

Բ΢΢һ㶣漴Ȼͷ
ðʦ֣ұ˺öʳҲþûһԺóԵģ

ڹĬȻһԹóԵĲԲ

ղû˵ֻɫĸɢѰõطʼ

*

Ҷ붨ˡ

Բ̴ӽȡʳеݸʦ֣ԼҲȡµģڹ̵Ͽʼʳ

ʳӹаζİ⣬棬ʳ֮塣
ܾˣȴڲлʦ֡

ڹŴȡ𻨸⣬̽ҧһڡ
Сʦã𻨸񻹼Щ㳢𣿡

Բ֤ĸѾʼʦ֣ʶص
ʦ֣ͷһ飬𻨸ȷζһ˿ִ࣬ҾúڶóԵĿζˣ

˵վͽ𻨸ȡҧͣĲС


ڹ鸴ӵĽĹ𻨸¡
ǰСʦãȻδ˵ϲ𻨸⣬ÿηʱὫ𻨸ŵȻıʹȥ

СʦãȻһȥù𻨸⣬һһϸϸƷ˵ͷͷǵ
ʦú;ʦõϲòûǶ࣬Ҫѡһʦã

ԲȴʱͻȻˡ

ߵһ࣬̽ѡ
ʦܣѨͣϢ

֮ʱΪ
ڹŲ¶ۼĿ˽ԲֻûԼͿʦһͻȻһ׹⸡ն𡭡

Ȼɹˣ

ʦڹŴ͵ıУԲȡʯһڡ
Ըʶţ֮˶ĸרģ־á

󷨰꣬Բ̳ڹŻ֡
ʦ֣ʦȻӱȴߣǼѧһ

ڹţ
СʦøղſһҪˣҪָʦܶ
׸òûСʦĲ

ԲĿһתûڹ˵ʲôٴγʦ˾߹ȥ
ڹʶָ˹ȥεȴڷҪʮΪѡ

ԲѾʦ˾࣬
ʦ֣־ӣԽ붼ͣλµȥ죡

˾ʶ߬ȴԾŽԲĻģ
Ƭ֮Ҳ׹⣬ĸ˿У

Ȼֳɹһ

ڹͲԾĳûٸŽԲǴԭغݺ˿ڿˮ

ǰ˶ĹâƬ谵ĻȪҲڵͷ롭

ԲѾյߵ˶ǡ

ϵһ·ת𣬺붨Ҫάֲסˡ

Բ͵һţڹľгһ
ʦ֣͵˵ˣר죡ץˣȴȥˣ

ڹţ
񣺡

񲻺˼һѸپ˼ȻܿѰ˿
Ƭ̺󣬶Ҳ˶İ׹⣡

ڹԼС࣬Ѿˡ

ĿǰԲıӰôʦɽƽĲ²ģСʦþǴܶ

Ȼôܶһ;ֵ
仰Ĺôȫʼζ򡭡

ͼɶ
éɽƣΪһ㣬ѵмģɸţ
һʱ֮䣬ڹڲ²ͲҪѽԲԴˣ



ԲڶΧ·̺ڳڹ߹

ȻǸķ·ܱ紵ߵݹӣǲ̬ڹܲŻеĶ

ȽԲߵ࣬ڹʶнβ|˫ֶԾĵǰ
Сʦã桭˲ãȻϰ˶˳ˣ

ԲڹŵıЩֵֹģͷ
ţλʦֵⶼȽϼ򵥣Ǵʦ֣ΪޣҲָ㡣ֻǡʦ֣Ĳ붨һ˾ͿԱǵģѵã˵ҲֱӶɹġ

ǰâڹŵбԹóԵĸŶҪˡ

ʶ˵ﻰ
СʦãʵͦԵġ

Բ͵͵ǣָŵλá
ǾͿ԰ģһҲܰѰ

ڹ˽սƬ̣ڵͷ
ãСʦã㣡

ʲôᣬʲôıСʦ÷޹ˣ
ǲ޿ˣ
ֺαؾһһΣ
ָ

ڹеڴ˿ȫȻ׿գֱ붨ʼת졣

Բ۲˷Ҳֹһ䡣
ܿ죬ڹҲһԤϵĹâ



ˣ붨λʦ֣λѾɹˡ

Բߵм䣬ٳɹʦǣɾ͸мֱҪըˣ

һͻȻЦ
Һţ̫ţˣţˣ



һ԰й۲콭ԲĴʦɽƽЦŵ붨âɢѡ

ǲ¶ۼĳ˳飬ĵԭСʦһ˵ʱ򣬻֪֮ͦġ

¹۲Ҳ࣬Ѿ⡣

ɽƽջʶֻԼĻһ̳ϵɡ
Ƭ̺Ҳץһ˿

ˡ
ɽƽҲλʦһɹˣ

*

޶ĹâǺɫġ

ԲɽƽͻȻâһ漴ʶؿڵĻλá

ʦֶ˳ˡ
ǰҲǲǺָܻܿˣ

λͬȫ򣬽ԲɴԼҲһ󣬽ȡġ
ǰ

ڵĻż΢Ķ˶ǽԲǸֲ˿仯

Դӻǰȼ֮ÿһûʲôôˡ
ڵĻţ·붬һնᶯһ

Բ̾һֽ

תȡһöڿӡݡ
[᰽ԪʮѮ
ʦɽƽ־壬ڻжɹ
ʦ˾־ӣ˼ʱܿλ|ѨλΪɶɹ
ʦڹţԳȻ˽|أӯ񣬷ɶɹ
ʦֶ԰˼أͬȫбľ򡭡

ʦһֱ־ᣬȵ·ռλȫ輰ʱɶ
]

ԲԼλõһУԥûпӡȥֻڵͷλд¼֡

[éɽڴѧֲ]

*

һʱʦ˾ʦڹѡ
һۡ
ʦɽƽһһʱѡ

Բλʦ֣ϲĽг
λʦ֣ΪҲ̫˰ɣ

˾ڹŴԭ뵽˻굤ڡ
Ҳ˻굤ڡ
ʦԭǻڣ˴νŸյڡ
һ

ͬż˵ĿⶼЩ⡣
ʦܣû뵽ȻֱӵӤˣ˲ðϲϲ

ӤԺÿ׶ޱȼѣ굤ڶҪ鷳öࡣ

һһζһСףǶ򼸴Σéɽ񲻾ҪиڵСʦˣ

һԲѾ㹻죬ʦܡ

ɽƽӣ뿴һ
ʦܣץܿܵڵģ

ʱ򱻻ʦܽһʦ֣簡
ʦٲȻѾǵ׳ʦܵԼˡ

һʦΧţһɵЦȻûӶζĻ

ɵֱðʦʦǱлԲͳһƬֻڵҸҲ޷Ŵ
*

ΪҪʱУЦֹɽƽ˾ڹȥĻȪλ걩⡣

һԭأｭԲ
ǼѾһΣֵԲˡ

Բڴһ̣ܿҲһ׹⸡УĴ



һͶοĿŽԲٴ϶һɡ
ʦ֣Сʦٴζٶֿȣҿ̫ˣ

룬ʦܣԲβǵڶӦǵĴˡ

һһ͡
ԭʦ֣СʦԺܵʲôΪ

Сʦõζ򣬵
ҾСʦӦÿԵ굤ڡ
ϾСʦڶѾڣȥҲֻܿˡ

һɫʯӡ
ȻˣҪҪһѣ


ңֵطʮʦܣžͻЩ|ɫϷ

ǳ鴤ȡԼʯӡ
ȻҪģ

ʦɽƽʦܸɴת״һ䡣
ҳһƷʯСʦܵ굤ڣ


벻֮ĴʦҲϲֽӵĻ
˾ڹŶ˶һۣ׷ǰ
ҳ򣡶Сʦܵ굤ڣ
ֻȫĻ굤ڣ






74.   74 £׽棩   ա𡭡

ʦǵΧ, ѾĽԲ
ʶ壬ۺȴԼûеʶͷıɽǰ棬վһƬİİãƺ֮С
ã޼ʵ, һͨӵصɫľ´²Ʋ, ڵȴʲô

֡
ԲԭתһȦֹ

ΪʲôδƬƺʹ, ȴ쳣Ϥĸо
ͺܾúܾ֮ǰһ

̽ſƮ𣬷˺ܾã㵽ɫǰ

ɫƿһϤ쳣ӡ, Բʧ, ʶ֣ûȥԾͱ䲻һ
ȥ

һ, ֱӵĺͣ˽ԲĶ

âĺףͻȻغ, Լûع
ʦǶһ, Χ

Բ, û°ɣ
ʦڹĹк, ˾ԵԥҪ첻죬ɴһͦǼ˽Բ

˾һۣ׷һ˿ںΡ

Բȴûзּ˵̬仯Ȼ¶ϲĿˡ
ʦ֣û, ҺõĲٺˣ

Ϊڸղţǰ˵ˣ
ԭǰʶǸӣʹʦֵʶȫͬ

Բ˹侲, ֡

ʶǵҪĵطôͻȻ͵˻ǰʶڣ

ҡǰû˻ĸҲͼеԲ
ɳƣһͰһ˿ֺըëִ٣ʲôܱ˷һ

˼ɫϵϤѩԲգգ۾

ǰ

ͬŻ֪ԲڷӵͷɫΪҲȹ̣Ҷ
Ȼ󶫷ɫһֵĿ򽭰Բ
Сʦãʱôǡ

ڣ
ʦ˾۾ŵסԼʯӡ

ɽƽƮڿеӰӿɼĶ˷ĬĬƮػڲ˵ˡ

ֻʣԭصһϲ񣬾Ͳˡ
ڣڣӮӮˣʦТЩʯû뵽СʦʱڣΪʦ֣ʦ֣ʦ֣ʦ֣ȥĶʯ

Բ

*

ҹʦֵصջ

ԲĻ˷䣬յƬ̣ôİš

ðߣ򿪡
ѣ˵ԴŽְ

һذ֣ڴϵĸ첲
ѣ¶̫Ҫˣ߻ºۼ

ԲƳ۸ڼԿĴͷޱȡ
ɣʦʵ֪ˣ

棺

*

ڵѾԲڳĿհ׷ʯ
۸ߵͲͬĿ̵

ԴĽԼãԲһת˫ϥس˸
ƷҪڽֲԸʦǾڿǰһݣ


ԲݵӴȥ
ѣ㲻˵ġҶ˵ҪѧˣңѧҲǲġ

棺
ˡ

*

װһǧƷʯġѵѡڽ˽Բ

ңǧһǧýԲгɾ͸С

渶ջĵһʻر
ΪʦߵıģԲɫ
ѣӽһúýӡʯ̻ܼѣҲҲŬѧϰѧϰ¼ʱҵ

ֱͦһѧ
ѣİɣҶ׼ˣ

ȿӡһ򵥵¹ԣҪһϰߣпӡַ



ںܿϸķʯӡͽԲһ˿ָ
תû⣬̫Ʒڹеëಽ趼ԷӣҲѹͷӾʧˡ



һҹȥֱ콫Բöɹӡʯġһ롣

䲻⡣

ȴѾ˵ˡ
ѣֻһҾܿӡһ룬Ǿȫѧˣ

ԲɨһֱۣӿڽĻ롣
²Сʯӡǰһ룬ֻҪ㹻ľپܳɹһѶȴҪһõı²˳ɡӽտʼÿնҪӡٿʯֱ̣ͬǵͽ׵¹н׵߽׵ʲôʱͬʱӡɹʲôʱѧһÿΣ

һãṣ̌ͬ
һɣסˡ

Բ˸Ĺпʼˡ
һΪĴʼжأû뵽ѵ츳ôͨ߰ɣʦһҪѰȥϻˡ

汻ƵĽһķʯҲžһڵأ¶֡
ѣ㣬㣬ô֪׫дˣ

Բ۾ƣͿӵΡ
ѣһȥɽɽϾͳҵ֡Ǹ˶ܲ³ɣ´ι۲˵ʱǵôԻ̣Ҫ˶е˶֪



ɫ͵ıԲš
ֻԼдĵԽжһ˲ʧ

ԲȻ֪׫дˣ
ԲŻ޿ʱȣܸ֪ã

ӣΪԼͽԲĹϵѾˡ롱ѵļԭֻˣ

*

ʱ˿̣ԶڶǧֵУ˪ͳѩյɽƽ˵ž
[нٹ顣]

˿ԷϵĸߴﻤףɫѹͲ̡

˪ؼϰȥλã̫붯
ʦãҪȥҴСʦõΪܾãԲûлģҲֻǸᡭ

ѩüҲĸ˸ߴﻤϵһǡ
ﱻԲϸĵر֡
ԲȻ׸ߴﻤףȴĵÿһ˵ͼǺţǶ˵ϲ˲ͬĺɫƿ̡

лġˣ
ɡ

۾
£Ƕ㲻ȥġСʦõȷȣܵʸףȻպɵӻ᳤ɲʦõĹϵٲ統

˪ɿ֣Ҳڵͷ
߰ɡ

*

һߣüȥϻĽԲʦԶصĽ˶ջڣĿʦ뿪ȥλʦ㡣

ڿջãһؿڻֹһס߶ֹﻰȫǶʦǵĹ

ʱһ͸պһ䡣
ǰ˵ʦǴŸߴﻤʲôӵģһرƯΪѰͬɫڤ˺üأ

ڤҲֵ˷ȥѰң

ʱãѿڶһ䡣
鷳

Բ߶ͣ漴ϲؿڡ
ǰˣоô֪аһЩѰһˣ

ԲնʱûоΪһƬİʶ˺ͻǰйأҲ²Ŀܡ
պʦǳȥʱٶ۲һû뵽ǰôˡ
뵽ʦʦҪϣǰҲˣԲסˡ

ϲ۽ǲԾ١

ˡ

ÿնţɽȴʱĪЩꡣ

ֻԼĻҲƸһӿٶȡ

ҲΪʶڵķӡڣ

˫ŻĽԲݰͰ͵ü۽ȴ͸һֵζűַһ궯ʶЩʲô

ʱڻת˸ܿԲֱӣſڵ
ա𣿡




75.   75    ֻһ˱ڹ

ʦǳȥöδ, ǰѯʣԲɴڿջ˫ּ䡣

ǰ, Ȼа, Ǽ򵥵ӦҲܹЩôһһ붨, ãԺԶѰЩᡭӴ, ԲЩߵĶ˶, ̬ȼָܾҵĻҲܺõĸ죡

˶ʱҲٿȻ侲
һ˽Բ, ܹ·ӡĴڡ

ָĮ嵭ĵ
Ȼ, Ǿ԰ɡ

ԲӦһ, ʼ졣

*

ȴʱ̽ʶ, ڡ
ռ˵ı, ɱˣˣ

ʱ壺

ĵĻһ䡣
ʱɱĺˡ

Ȼ־ȴֵܷʲôǺˣʲôǻˣ̾˻ȥ
ڲɱԺ󲻻Ҫɱ㲻޸, ӡΪʩ𣿺ô

Ѿ췣֮ٲþ¹ķӡ, ɶ˵ɶ˼ɡ
ܸʵ飬ץסһлʱ壬˳

ʱȻвã˵ȷʵ顣
ýԲָˣǷӡɱ

Եһûģ֪͸ֱӵ޿ҽ

ʱôǸ
õĿˡ


⻰Ƕ˵ģԽԲ˵ġ

ԲڿջſڣİպͽˣΪ˵ʦ㷽㣬ǰһߵߵĻ˴ߵλá

ˡ
ˣ˵ңȥĥˣſھΪ˵һʱ俴һǼ˼

ʱһֿۣˡ
̫
ǳԲ˵ġ

ÿУԲհᵽ˴мλá



ˣʼίίʡ
أ̫۸ˡ۸ˣ۸ңأҾôˣˣ֮ǰ֪ɵģԺöί̫ɶˣء

ʱ壺

ЩϰĿ

ͽԲһϸϸ͸ſ뵽պ󽭰ԲһҲ˿ޣʱͻȻ͵
һᣬЦġ



ۡ
ɴޡ

*

Բλ붨Ȱȣȵûȵʦһ

ڵϢ붨ͱԽ˵ʱҲܰǰ
Բ㽫ɴߵƤϡ

ȻЩϰߣɻǰΪѾȼˣЩ׺治̫Ҫ

ҴҶǳˣԸ
Բļ

ɻڵʱȻܲϰߡ

Բ|ϷλãڴǲԾʧ񡭡

Ծʱһ߳
ޣɫ|ǣĶأ

ʱ壺
ûС

У㶼ˣ

ʱ壺

ԲڵĻϣ淺һɹĵɫ

ʱ뷴ʱŻֵ˵ˣԵãɴУɫȥ

֨q(s^t)rһ
ɫ|ǣ



*

ջ⣬˪ͳѩͶ񼸸ٵĵ˿ջſڡ

Բһ۾Ϳλʦ㶼˻ڣãϲĴλǳ˹ȥ

ʦ㣬ʦ㣡ǻҺǰ

˪ıЩӲסԲʶͳѩһۡ

߳ҡҡͷĽԲĸ첲Цݡ
ǰСʦãǻˡ

Ķ񼸸һۣĿжЩǣ˾ڣôȻطһ£һȥϻꡣ

Բݾ˷ܵʰɫǧ򼶱ʯӴϲǮĶʦ㿴ߵſڣڴһ̾
ʦãһСʦãʲˡ

Բһ㶣Ȼ֪ȥɽȴסһŲӡ

ڳѩڰŪʲôЩ졣

ԲȻǸߴﻤ׵ײ
߬ȭͷ

ѩڵ
Ѿ޷ԴԲˣٲݣֻ֡һȥϻ꣬Ҹʱʰɡ

š
˪Ƶĵͷ



ԲһĻ˷䡣

ﻹŸóɫʯӣڿлΰλγһģĻȡ

òŷԼ֪ʲôʱˡ

ԭʦѾµĽԲ

Ҳԣ̰һʦץס϶᲻һеĹϢ
ʦôһ¾ܲµġ

ԡǲŻץסѡԸϻꣿ
ֻΪ

Բֹסڵķ

ʦǡ
ոϻʱԼҪ󣬴ʦȴʦܺʦ°һ󡭡

Ӧǡ֪˰ɣ

ֻһ˱ڹ˰

ԲͷԼϵéɽڵۣԵһȦԵĵơ

̾һ

緹ʦŰϴӿջȥϻꡣ
һɽƽָѲĻƣ֧ߡ

ʣ˲ŸʹӵϱһŵסԲ
ѣȥпɣдҪˣ

ѩȻٽ͵
ɷһ±˿ˣϢѾ߹ˣٹվ͵ˣ

ǸպһֱͣפڵĹɽϣ¹ڼȻҪˣ

ѩ˶ɫԲ̤һ
ʦʦ㣬Һȥ̽̽ϢȥϻɣǶʦʦ㣬ȡЩٹǿɾҪȥμӹˣʱţ

ѩʶ۲˽Բһ

۾Ĺػ棬һ˿Թ֮µĽĵͷ
Сģȥء

ԲӦ˰ڰ֣½ڿзɳһػȣȴþöδԭ
ʦʦ㣬

泯һ꿴ۣѸջߣ˺ܿʧڵ·ͷ

*

ɽƽĵĴӻƮ
Сʦû᲻Ѿµˣ

ѩԥҡҡͷ
Ӧòᣬպ޲ͬɷ͹һµȷͬСɡ

ȥϻɣ
ڹŸ˵Ĵӽȡһʳ
Сʦ˵Ҷ֮ǰҪӯԺ󶼵붨ǰԱԹʦ㣬ʦ㣬һۿһӣ̫ţˣⱲӶûôÿľ



*

ż˳ԶԲźճ

ԲĿ¶ᣬȥ

濴ʮֲ⡣
ѣﲻȥҪҸڴ뿪ңͲʦʦܳ裬õĴ

ԲӣЩɳơ
ҪˣʦʦЩﵱϲ֮ǰ˵еµףǽհɣ

汻ת˻⣬ͷ
ǽգǿȥΧתתۣϱ̧ۣ׻ԩǮ

ԲԵͷ
ܵȥҩɣ뿴ϺõٶһЩӦҩϢͨӦ֪Щط۸񹫵ɣ

ᵽԼó£浱ˣֱӵλã۵Ȼ죬ܿߵ˹д⡣

Բͷ˶һۣᾡת̤ȥеĴ

ټˣʦʦ㣬ϣ´μ棬ҶѾʰġ




76.   76    ģ

ǼնϢж
ֻһռʹӸӿǧĵ, Ϊ·ѡ

Բһ·˺ûò׼ҵ, õĲϺ͵ҩ˾⡣

ſտҲĹ̨, ԲʹԼĽҡ
ѣ巻ɢĶû, ϵĶ۸Ǹ󣿡

û뵽ǮˣͨҲˣǧת۷ˮ, ʹģ

ҲΡ
Ҳû취¶, ǸˣζŽĹѡַܾڸŴҲڴ˴, ӵıǴӽ, ٲͣˡ
Ȼ巻ڵĶһ, ϵķҩȴǾɸѡ, ֵԶͨɢܱȵϵ, ֻܷȥģһġ

ԲĵͷҪţɨһϤĻϵ۵ĵ޴ӲԶʱĿڿյĹ̨, װæ

Ϊ׵ŮִһҩƣüĿԴж仹ӵζΧĵ, ڽԲɨüۡ

濴ˣȻ
ֲýҪãԭǻش۵ҩްҪծֶεȷһ㣡Ǹʦǣֶμ̣˵Ϊֹܶù



ԲЦһĵܶùģǵʦéһƽ뵽ˣĽҡ

ȻѾǧƷʯ㹻һλش۵ծ
ɷԼѾǩ£ܱ֤ºǷȴܱ֤ºϵĶ
ֻܱŻشˡ

һͣ·ߣԲ̻ܿʧ

*

βɨ뿪
ǣ֮ǰᵽĽԲǸղǸС

ǹͷ
ǵĴʦ㣬éɽڽԲ˵ϼѣ츳Ҳҹдԣ˵˽º굤ڵһɽӴһܣȻӮˣȻ֪٣ȷС

ȴüͷʦԲʱµĻ
Բ˻Ϊߣӿʴٶȣԣһͣڻ굤£õҩţΪ֮

ǵüǰȥéɽծʱﻹǻڣȻѾڡ
ٶȥٹǾ͡

̾һ
ӢţʦǶշһЩҪõҩʱҪ

Ӧͷ
ǣ

ֲһ䡣
ҩ̫һǵéɽڵϣ

ǣǡ
ʦ㻹һĹ˽

*

ʱһȵĹڷе̨㳡ʽٿ

ΪͻȻҪսϢһڱӿޱλᣬԭڹ㳡Χʯ̨ձһɳĴڳλɵޡ

Բʸѹǧ¶С쵽̨㳡¥ڵĸڲġ

ڰ齺ΣԼһռǽʯƳɵķǽ

С쵽˵طʼ򵥽ܡ
˴μӵĵޱ귭ֹƷҲȡ˫ĵķӡߺ߿ѡּۣ߼۸ߵá

λеĺƿмۣﻻƷʶͼ۸񣬻ѡ񽻻Ʒ

һҪرע⣬һðﻻλڵķűԷУɶԷǷ潻ףмҪã

СֽҪ˳ȥ

ѾɨƷԲȴĺڰо˺һᣬȥǽ
ѣϢ֪ͨƺͰơǽ˭ֱʣ뵽ͶӰʯʹϣԴﵽʵʱЧ辶

һ֣Ծİţ
ѣⷨΣɻиĽĵط

˵Ѿѣ޷ܵõŽԲһ佱Ϊӵʾɡ

û뵽һ䣬Բȴ棬˼һ
ǽδʵЧ˵ȻΪȱݲŻᵼ½ҲһͳȥҸģһһڰƷͶӰжģ⣬ųأ񲻷㣿

棺
һ˲䣬ĹâͻȻѵĹâڸһЩ

аɫһټ¼ֽһʯݸԲ
ѣ⽫뷨ȥλƢ̫ã˻ԣ˵ԸԸ߼۽뷨󷨣

û뵽滹ܰæ󣬽Բ̴Ӧϸƺͺȱ㣬ֿӡŵ

˻ͷͼڵǽӰһиüĿƷʦӰӳǽڡ

Ὺʼˡ

ӭλμӱɽзֳһٶʮ˴ʽʼ֮ǰһҪϢҪ֪ҡ
нӵϢ賿ǱǸ˵ϷһΪɷԣΪĹŴ׼
ռعԽǧʱػ಻㣬˹ǽǸŵڱڹ巻еĹƽףԿƾ֤ڵֹ֮һļ۸񣡳ƾ֤ͬЧ

һ̨㳡϶ֹ
˵ǧ꣬ഫеĵҩؼˣһȥֲǮˣ
ʲôأĶ϶ƷʯۣЩƷʯģƷʯһĶҲı

Բ¶档
ѣǵۺ͹вôһ㷻ﲻƷʯΪ𣿡

ôͻȻͰθһӸ߶ȣƷʯƷʯˣ
һǧƷʯһƷʯһǧƷһƷǧƷʯ񲻾ֵֻƷʯ

ǧ򣬽Բ͸еϢˡ

Ҳ̾ҡҡͷ
ǹǧǰͻȻգǵҲôࡣǵıȻ󣬺ҲʵʵڵĺãɫʾҵڹǻǧƷʯģзǣԴ飬ǿһֱõڵƷķ

еķַһƷֵǧƷʯˣû뵽ľȻҪǧƷʯ

Բᣬס
ǰϻأȻÿЩȴҲı䲻Ǹʵ

˵ǲְȻһֱûѰʵĲϽúһøίڸ㲻ϵ

ΥĸоԲĹػ԰ο
ˣͦͦģˡ

Բǣ΢Цݡ
ģ

ڵʱǡ䣬õİΪ˿޴ڷɿĴû˵

ǰʦںΧʼܵһƷ




77.   77    ʦ㲻ʱ򣬿


һķųĶµȺеķ͵ҩ
ΪƷڶ, ֱӾŸһп;Ͷ䵽ǽľŹϡ

ʦÿһǸӵƷͻᱻŴ, ۿ

Բ, ǱǱǽġʵʱתܸŵˣ

ģʽ, ֱתģʽΪ󷨼ӳɣƷŵĻϱȫλչʾŴ󣬱ֳΧۻҪȫֱۡ

ӡ󷨵ĵ, 뷨Ҳ̫Ƚ, л󷨣һ࣡

С˻ڽܾŸڵ͵ҩ
λܻȣ޵ĽƳ, ɻǹؼ汸һƷ, ļ۸, ʮƷʯ

ܻӦվ̨תһȦ, ųɫ, ǽԣ˶Ȼ

ʦ䣬̳ۡ
ǽϵļ̱˳ˢ£ܿͣ[ʮƷʯ]ϣ

Բ˫ԽԽ

ԭʹҸ׵ϰΪéɽʯܾ̣Ļޣܶ, ֪Ԣ̣󷨺̵
лܺһǴӴ˶õéɽڵĲˣ

ԭתһȦ, ɴȡ̵ͷʯʼӡоһߵʱһλĻϰ壬˵̳һ

滹֪ԲѾħצԼ׵ֻֿѧԿ̷ģʽ̾һҲʣֻרĿƷʵľͺԲһۡ

*

Ʒ֣ĿȻͣס

Ʒ˼ˡҲˣõңķʯǶ׵ĸ󷨣ȴ
ݻڳϲ飬׷ʯվڻʿǰҲᱻ׿ۼ
ΪһԷʯƷʱʮͷ۸ζۣƷƷһڡΪԻ̣ļۣʮƷʯ

Բһã̵˹ؼʱ򣬴һɨ죬ʦһʮģһͰѿҪ̺õķʯ롣

찡ʲôԻļʮ

Բû
ѣǲǻˣ˵ҵĳԻ̡ļʮƷʯ

ʮ򣿣

Ҳܵ˱ʮ̫ߣǾĹЧ
ѣ㲻˵ֻܻܶµʿԭܶʿʶ

֪ڵʿҲܶùҪʮף
ϧˣҹⳬԻ̵ļ۸ͻˮǴߣ

֮ʣԻ̵ļ۸Ѿ˺ʮƷʯ

ΪһԵķʯ֪öãھֻʣ˻ڲϵ׷ۡ
Լӵʮֽһһĳ

Բ·Լǵĳһ󣬾ȥͦõġ

ΧĹȴȲסˡ
ûꣿʮߵˣӶȲͷˣ
ǰīģҪȵ𣿡
һԵ̣ǿҲͺĹˣϽ¶

ܿ죬ŸϵƷˣֻʣ½ǵġԻ̡û£۸˰ǵʮ

ʦӲЦκۻᡣ

ʱԲа׹һյϢ
ѣոճ۾ʮλҩش÷ֹڵĵƷ鵤ȡ׳Ի̡֪οɷ񣿡

Ʒϵ鵤ǻشõĶƣһöֵֹ

ϢԲû棬˿ݺͶһۣ

ش÷ֹݣ
Ʒ鵤

ڻشĵޣƷҩǶԷǻشǰҩô

ծȻ׷ծͷˣ
Բˡ

ʯҲˣֱӴӦ˻شǱߣѡƷεԻ̡

*

ҩش۷ڣյԸ⽻Ϣɫһɡ
ҪľȻǸõƷεԽɡ
ǻشõĵҩֵЩǮģֻһƷεܰ󷨻ŻεϡȱƲףмȴһ㡣ǻش׬ˣ

С˾ʱƷ͵ſڡ
λĴ̵ǰԸ¶ݣ뽫ҩãСĴΪת

ǿ̣ʶЩ죬ȴ벻Ķ

Ѿ굤ҩ̵ݸʾһ¡

Ǵ̺ڵĹиͿҪʱȴһΪԻ̵ڷ䲻

ϸ̽һֺö̽ûҵǵλãʱ˲ѡ
󷨵ȷڹǰิ̼ժҩǻش۽ڶпܣϽȥСʦооܸ̳ܲСʦܵӦڹʼǰƳҡ

ǿеʦʦǣɫҲðֳܶɵľͺˡ

ɫֳΣԼҴʦ㡣
ʦ㣬Һ񡭡ʶԻ̵ĵޡ

Ծϲ
棿ý˵شõĹԴˡ

һԽŤֹ˺ð춼û˵ڡ

ǽζҲʲô漴۾
ʦܣ˵˸òǸոռɣ

ɥͷʦҲˣ

ʱǰ·ʱ򣬻иĹŴƳԻ̡

ǡԲǵҲһŤˡ
ȫǳ֮⡣
Բһ󷨶ʯˣȻéɽڵķڲУǰЩشõҩȫ壡

Сһ䡣
ʦ㣬ǻҪ򳬼Ի𣿡

ǣ
ǣ

ʧǰˣ߾

*

ڵĽԲѾҪЦˣ

û뵽شõҩޣΪڹ϶Щʤ㣬ȻԸüֵƷεֻһʹõĳԻ̣

ԲЦЦţһİž֡

չһģɫٽ
[شǳԼéɽڽлش÷ֹһ鳬Իһ¡]


Ȼ¶ڶˣ

ԲЦˡ

̲סЦĸˡ

*

ỹڼԲȴǧᡣ

شԼ棬ֻһֿܣ߻Ǯ

ԭһ׼ֵǧƷʯƷķպÿԲָʦʦǷãΪҪԤشõǷֻ˶εѡ

òɸѡ֣󻻳ֵǧƷɽ

ƺƴᣬڽԲʱЦıнˡ

滹ر⡱ĽԲ͵˹лش÷ֹǰο
ѣشֻЩҪծ׵ģҲ̫ġ

Բ
ȻģĵǮӣ

*

ԲΪҩϵټĶӻһ־ͱҩͯϳӭ˽ȥ

ǺǶڣߵϰڳüĲϷס

ֻнԲĳԻ̣ŵһԡ

˼Ҫ̫ԡ

ԲűشҩָűҪծĻ䣬˵ĲУݣ˵Ծؽһɫʯӽ£˫͵ϡ

ԴС
λޣǶԲסˡҲǹǷծģǮҲǰղģڼЩʵķӦȱٻǮġ

ѡͻȻĻһº͵ӭ
Ǯ´ɲżһҪ

Բ
Ϊʲôʦ㲻ʱ򣬿Ÿˣ




78.  78 ѹ1   ǣ浱

һ, 潫Բͽشþͻƨ|ɵĸϻصĺ̨ڡ
ȻˣƷסȻҪϸҲǰ졣

ƷڵԨһʯ, ǰ˶ǽ, ӲкͻȻ֣û
ڹ, òϿʲôҪǮɣҲ˵ˣֻҪ̤ƷڵĴţͲٸʯ, Ը

⻰, ÿμ˵һ顣
ϰΪѾ˳ŵĹ
ҪĻʦš

ߵԨԣ˳߿ǰĻ, 
㻹ǵ֮ǰ, ˵Ľڴ󷨵𣿡

Ԩ˶һ, ЩͻȻἰһ, ͻȻ, Щֵֹİ⣬ǴʲôϢô

źԼ˷ƵĶӣԨ̾һ
ӣƷԵжãϲĶϣ
źúõƷ, ʲô񡢰ҲûĶãʮ, Ʒ̷ŲεСϺס

ԨӱһŲߡ
Ѳа취

ûԼҶ㲻⣬ҲֻˣܹĶ||̱ǡ
Ԩ֪Ѿ綾|ĳ׵ף|ˡ

ȡһʯŵԨǰϡ
ʶһλ󷨴ʦպöЩ뷨Ϊ˵ҪݣҾֻǽ뷨͵ַ¼£

Ԩüһ

ɵӣòֱʲô󷨴ʦƭ˰ɣ
֮ǰĵ˵ʶһλܹ˲Ϣӡʯϵţ֧ԮһЩʯѧѡ
֤ݵʱֱ֧֧ᣬֻ˵պ˵

ʲôҩ

ܾöԽԽɵԨ̫˵ʯһɨ
Ԩ

׵ɫˣվԱһˬ
ڸɽʱԲʾѧ̷ýѧѺͺƤǮ
û뵽ܾ˲Ϊ㻨Ǯ˿۵ˣ

Ҫʮűã޲õ˦һˤ׵ϣ֪֪ʲô죬ˣ

¿Բķʯ𵽣˿βҲԾ
·𿴵δԼӡһʯĵϵϵӡ

q(s^t)r㲻ѧҲһܳɷܣ

޷Խ֣

Ԩ̽ʯڵַѾ˼֮С
ĬƬ̾ʹӽȡһϺõĻɫʯʼп̣գ۹Ƴһ·µķʯ
ɫʶɫʯһʶ

ʶڿлһʵӣ־ʯûһµķӣȴܿͻһʧ

Ԩü˶һۣʯӻ
󷨲У־öȲЧҲãԱ֮£ԭ׷㡣ûȥɣʲôֵǮ

棺
벻۹ôߡ

֮ǰԲָһʯ

Сģֽµĵݹȥ
ոöǾɵģµģٿ

ԨӴ£Ѿܲͷһɨ³ֵöʯϾȻŴ˵ʧõӡ

ֻһۣ¶վѿڶ
ǡ󣿡

*

һߣԲڻش÷ֹڣشôʦ̸º
ѣ㿴éɽǷǻشһǧҩǮҪĳԻ̣ǲծ֣һǧȫɳԻ̣ҲµʯȥЩԵĶҲܽȼü֮˫ӮķӣѾأ

ԲҲֻƵʣöǮһ׳Ի󰡣

Ҳգֵֿĵ
һ˴۸ͻһٵǻشҲ۸㣬Ͱļ۵ļ۸ʮһ׵ֻΣ

ʮһ׵ĳԻ̣ǵһ˵ˮʮ
Բ

ǣǻشõĿʦ㣬ȿռۣǵҪмĴӦˡ

Բ΢΢۾ɫ糺죬״Ƹж
ѣô˼׬ǮȴǮ㻹̵ծⳬԻ̼ȻˣԻشõֶΣܸ̳ܿһʵʵǮһνɡ

ۼʯûš

ɫһû뵽ԲȻű˲ռҪʯֱծ
ǻشֲȱʯȱǳԻ󷨣

Բòûʲôڻ˰ɣ
ѵⳬԻ̿ӡһ׺鷳

뵽ˣ΢΢ɫ
ѣ֮ԲԸ̵ּۣǲΪûʣˣ

Բ˵°ವĵͷС½ż⡣
Ѳµ˰Ҳֻʣ°ףǴʦõģһ׺ܲ׵ģҪһ룬ʱգڼûʱٶӡ׵ġ

ҪֲпӡȷúʱգǽԲ٣һʱ̳ܿʮףǾĿɸöε°棡

汾ǴŵéɽڵĴұģҲֻȲһأЩƷĵծˡ
ǲ֪شԸԸȿˡ

ǺǶһۣ
ʦ㣬Ȼ󷨿ӡףҪǻİ취ɣ

ǿϵĳԻһۣƶɫ
УһҪõ󷨣ǣܹ˴ΣѣȵеķʵõĶˣ

ٴ¶Ц򽭰Բ
ѣĺҪ⼸󷨣ȻҰһͬ㹺򣬲éɽڴӺҩȡ£㿴𣿡

ʦǵѾκˣڲںҩϻʲôҪ
ǣ浱ɵ

Բۿͨ죬ƱǱƵ촽ίĵ
ѣҲԸֻʣôˣԼûġ

ϣóϵĺɫʯӿһۡ

֪⹢ֱǲײĲˣֱİ
󷨣ɣéɽڵծͰվʮƷʯһ׵ļ۸ֱӵ֣µٰԼķѾأ

ѾòɣǻشþЩˡ

Բ⣬Ľķʯȡ
ǣǺðɡ

ӵʱرġͬǽ˼ֵʮƷʯĳԻĶ÷
ԻͶӰ֮л磬ʮһףԲ

ǿ˵ͷͷǵĽԲͷоɻѳڣҲֻӲͷƤéɽڵծϡ
ԭһǧٶծ񣬾׳Իһֻʣˣ

Բӵ˻شãԼ˷ܱ©ûʯӾ͸뿪

ž˵Ҫ̣ߵߵľʹһ׳Իʧ˹С

ͽԲǼ״һ˲ɫ󾪵ıȥ
ʦ㣬ǱǸԲˣҸոۿóһ׳Ի̴ˣŶϺõķʯԼֵƣ

ϲʵֵİ󷨵ǣ




79.  79 ѹ2   һ٣

Բڽβͷ, һ·Ӵܡ

ûע˵ʲôȵ˵طŷֱ˹ĺ, Ķ
λǰϲС, ˵ǸɢޣҲҪ, ֻҧ۸ߣ֪𣿡

Բع¶ϲ
ѣ㲻˵λǰϲİ, ȻԸң
ջǷͬһ㡣

ƵĹâ, ŵͷ
᰽˭˿ѵ󷨲̾ģֻһᣬλǰˣѲ, ¶ҪȥˣһǿҪЩõǮһֶ٣

Բ㶵ͷ, ֻô˿ĪЩ졣
ɣ
ֻοӡʯ, û׷򡭡

*

, ԨĽ, ڵȵӴν󷨴ʦ֡

ΪǸڡΪߵĵޣû뵽ӵϢĻǸֻһ˫۾þ˵Ůޣ

Ԩ֮ܵĶԲˡ

ԭӲǸȤˣǿˣ
ŮĺˣҲƷڵ

һ
Сѣλ˵󷨴ʦԲѣСС, ˲ð

Բű£ŵԨܾÿеķΧֵֹģλǰᵽȫͬ, ЩĹ֡

Ԩһ
Բǰǰϼǽû뵽лԼǰ֮ң

ԨԲƨĵ泩øд
Сǻ˵ãĺǰȴҲ㲻ʲô

Ԩɨ˶һۣʶȤ˿ڰЦֲһ磬ȡԲǰӡʯ
СѣûӦǳʦǰְ֮ɣ

û뵽λǰǸֱֱӣԲͷ
ǰʶ㣬ȷǳǰ󡣡

Ԩüּ
СɻԵģ

Բգգ۾󷨵ȻУǣó

ԨԼδ۾·磬ʱ侲̧̬ȡ
ССѹ棬ȻСѻԵҲǿԵģһ۰ɡ

ʱӵԲƣֱӾͳһơ

ԨĿһ͡
СҪ򡭡Ʒʯ

Բͣ

涼Ƿһ£û뵽ۣƷֱƷƷ

ȫһĿ簡

ȻһͼԨ̾ҡͷ
ǵ̸ˡƷʯѾĵ׵ļλ

Բ״ӽȡ󷨣һ˳ȥԨҡһһȡʯ

ԨϢˡ

Բŵǰټ󷨣״صҲһܹƷʯΣ

Σ
Σ
ˣ

ԨڿƲסϵļʯʼо
䱦

ԲͷӣЦ

ѣ㲻˵λǰر𲻺˵ôȻھ͸Ʒʯ
ѣ˵û뵽Ҳ⡭ȻǮˣɷҲúλǰһˡ

ˣԨҪùӰ˫󳹵ɢ

ɷһ·ͬСɣԨ˲ʲô֮˵ʼͶʽ󷨵ô

*

ԲԨڹһҹʱɽƽҲڶջеһҹ

ɵµԲǹ뿪ˡ

ռ伸ȥϻ꣬ȻδἰСʦãʦֵٴɹЩͻɾǺ

ʦֶ
ͽԲദã֪ԲȻһֱƭѸأҲˣСʦÿǱ󼸷֪ξ

ȽԲˣĵһ
Ҳ֪СʦúȥĶˣǸնﶼΪһ˳⣬ҵסĵط𣿡

ʦ˪Ҳ̾һ
ңҹ˵ʱ򱻰ԲˡʵʵǲİԲѾҪˡֻһ䣬ԭˣ

ҹԲȥͶʦѩʦõĲ֮ͬʵڳԲʱ򣬾ѾоĲͬ
֪Ȼѣȴλʦһѹ֮ѡԭ¡

ϾԲһĹ

ʦѩŰϵĸߴﻤף
ԲȻΪݵºǲңȴ˶㿪ǻǵõʦ̽ʱûܣǵʦ̽ǸʱѾ˽͵׼Ҳ뿪Ϊݱ¶ǡǶԲˣҲŻ뿪

˾ʱͻȻɻһ
ʦ㣬˵СʦǱ˵Ļʦ̽̽𣿡


ǰéɽԻңǶɽڵĴܶҲºۼôʦʲôû

ѩһվηѣ
ᣬȻºۼСʦл˵ĻǣһᣬǺֻԽԽ

̲סվӵ
ʦȴ˵СʦõĻתˣˣˣСʦòǶᣬǡ

˾ڹšɽƽӣ뾪
꣡

СʦøǱˣԭͻǲȱִ˻ԵԷ꣬˻ǣ

ڹ˵һ´ȡ
ȥˣǻȥСʦðɣվǹéɽڰ˸ˣһٰ

仰˲ɨгΧ˻ӣʢ⣬׷׵ͷ
ԣһ٣
ߣСʦȥ
ߣ

*

⣬ӭųĹ⣬յƻɽͷն

ԽԽȴڱ¶˱īɫשߺ͸ĳǽǽײĸմ󽫶ڵǧضס֮󣬹ϿҲͬʱһƬڰ

ʦֵ߸ջͬһʱ䣬ԲҲҴţһͬڶĿս֮ǡ

ǧĹǣڸն

*

פյϢ˹кܱ߶ǣԶǧ֮ʬɽٶȸ

ʬɽɽ֮һʬĸ߾ٹɽƵħɽͷ
ǧǰǹǲɱ޶ȣʬɽֺڻӣû뵽ʬгһջܵȵפڼҲʱñ˴ħ//ǣ´˳ǣӭʥع飡

ɽϵħ㻯һʬɽӿ£

ǺԽԽأգ۱级ɽϯ£

ԭʬɽϱŰµľʮŵ󣬾²һĻޣ

ŹԤʯľǹɺͻ谭һǰĳԶǧﶼɱľ޴ƳǳϮȥ

žɫԤʯӰ˥䣬׾˹ڣʬɽ״ĵޣ
²żվȥյͬš

Ϣȥˣȴֻһ䡣

֪ˡ

ȫ⡣

ǵ޻Ȼ͸Ƽ俴ڶǣֲ̡

ǧǰһóµЩ˵ʯɣ
Ӧáɡ

ǧǰǾΪʬɽɽѹǵʱߣԸ֣ŵŵɷĴ޷ƣڴȾޣֻѡɱ£޿ɿƵĶ

񡭡ʷ
Ӧòɡ
ɷѹǣôڣйפڴˣϼӦþûʲôˡ

ǵλҪɳյʱȴյͬ
[Ű԰ƷʯΪͣ÷Բǧĵ޶ȥ֡]

ǵ۴Ӧߡ

*

Ӻ󣬹Ϊףһɢڳ·Բǧ֮ء

[ϢʬɽʬɽɽʱڵִһĶ⣡ַƷʯλ־֮ʿһͬǰ򱣳ǣߣԿԹһڹҸĸԴϣͬͬ]

*

ʱ򣬽ԲɨƷ׵ķʯ

Ԩһҹ󣬽Բ汻ָ˻ơ

ԲչڵĴСʯ渺ɷ˫Ϣȥ

û뵽Űһ룬յʬɽѹǵϢ漴ж

󲿷ֵ޶ڽͺȥǰߣڳѹͬʱЩͷ

һԷɿȡŸϢһһ飬ԹϳԵ

ԲȴкҽзʯŽԭЩ費ļʯҲȫУ

װĲˣкˡ
ѣװƽѹԺܱߵĵ޿ˣᱻƵʱĶֻٲ࣬ЩʿƷʯӣϽڻȻǾˣ

ȻӦǡ
ǽףȥҩ󿴿Ĳϣ

*

һߣƷԨӵѹϢʹŵӸĵ˱ɽ㽫Ϣڣø׼

Ӹأ콣ڵĴӾһн޴Ҵɽ

ԨʾʦʦǼ·ԼӰն£ԨҾ
콣ڴӾ

һŭһǣҾʱҲһŷâ֮
ԡһľζ˵һ˲š

Ԩ¶ۼϢ̧ǣǰæµıɽͷ
ɷѹǵµҲ֪ˡ

Ӧǡ
ǷҪȥΧѹ˳Ⲽ˫ԷڳٱɷȾ

Ԩһ㶣漴ɡ
ԭ˫ϢҲ֪ˣ˾ͺã˾ͺã

Ҳһ㶡
Ҳ֪ɷˣ·ʱ򣬲˵·ͬСɣȲ⴫ô

ƷΪţڣǡˡ

Ԩǣһ˦ֲ䡣
ԽԽˡɷȴ£Ψֱ֮ѹţֻڱʱң

ֲ֮ͬɫ֪ҲǸֻ֪ĵӣҡͷ̾
ڣܱͬߵĶСѾ֪ɷϢ콣Ϊ֮ףѵûЩϢ𣿡

콩סˡ
æչأδעϢû뵽ɷ¾Ȼ״ˡ˫޷Ϣųֻɷɧҡ⣬˭ģ

ԨȻ߾죬ϢˣӣȻϢ˹־ʹ뿪
ȻСѻҪæǾ͸ϽȥɡҴҲΪ˴£ǼȻ׵ˡ

Ťͷ졣

Էվԭأڵ

ԨɫΣһ䡣
𣿡

Żػ
һжãӣʣһҪشһ䣬ĺܺáǵˡ

Ԩ




80.  80 ѹ3   ⶼֵӡ

Բڿ򵽵ķʯɨһպͼȥͷ, ˸ԽԴ̯ڿջæġ

Բæ˫

æź͹ڵĸϢӴϢ

һʱ֮Ҷǿ̵ӡͰɫžɴڵӰӡ

İȻսɼ꣬ȴѸ٣һ֪ͨ׵, תͽԲһ¿ӡʯ

Ȼ, ǿӡ˫ģҪ̵ֻ¹

ǽԲõĿκҵ

Ϣʱ澫ٱ, ӡʯʱͿʼʶ񷢴ϸĿӡһ񣬾Լʼˡ
ҹҹ, Ѿתһ, ֲûۡ

תͷĽԲ

˼һ̵ù̶ӼʯһĶµ, ӡ죬Ȼû̻һʯ

ػһҹ, ƣ, Ҳͣ, Բɺ, ôõ󷨣ֳȥһķʯڻ²ͣĿӡŷʯ

ǸޣǸ

˱ˣ˰

˺
ѣôתһĶõģΪʲôһʯ, ӾͣˣһշϢӾͻˣ

Բﶯͣ, ֻɨһ۾ĵ
ѣԼϲÿ̫ˣʵڷʯϿӡۼҲںͷʯͨ㻻뷨ȻͲ÷ˡ

Բֻ˵һͼʯȥˣյȴ׻Ķڵ

һźһ

ǰҲһֱ뷨ǴģͨʯͰҲûл֮ͨ
ҲΪʲôԲں¶ܲӰĿӡʯȴ¹ӡá

潫̬£Ӽ򵥵¹ʯ

¹ټ򵥲ֻҪգ۵ĹܿӡһԲ˵ˣַЩӣҪ

ȻǷôֻҪ㱣ַĿ̻ۼԣȻս˵ģγϰԵĶڳһȥӡµķʯ

*

һҹڶ˴˷Ŀ̷йȥ

Ӵ͸ʱ򣬽ԲѾ˸߸ߵһʯСɽ˸̾һ
ٿ飬ɣ


һ̻˷ʯ˫۷ŭĳԲɹȥ
ѣô粻˵˵ƫƫҲһͬʱ̳ʯʱ˵

Բһ㶼ļ
ѣȻܳɹһΣҲܳɹڶΣɫˣҴӦ˫Ѿɣͽˣҵˡ

һ㶡
ǣѵ㲻һȥɢʯ𣿡

Բҡͷ⡣

ԭפպúڳʼ䣬ʱڱԵ´µķ˸
ѹǶɷ


ȡǷͰȥΧתת

¹£һֱĲ

ͺԼéɽڵĵλ޷ȫ

ҪһĵطԾúȥδӣսʤԼھ᰽λá

*

Բ˿ջȥ̨㳡Ͱ񵥡

̨㳡󷨶ûͱͰΪֱá
˿㳡϶Ÿ߸ߵ͵͵͸⡣

ǸȻǹǷųġ
[棬ɱһֻʮĵޣԿƾǵͰȡʮƷʯɱһֻĵޣԿƾǵͰȡʮƷʯ]

ԲȥǵͰµǼֺ鼣һȥܹ˹䣬˼Ѱȡɢתȥ

׹˸ҹ𣬾ѾյʦʦǼʮž

ʵ뿪ʱġ

ʦʦǾȻڱȴʼһһĴǡ

ֻȥһҹ뿪ˡ

ѹǰЩŮ鳤ѾûôҪˡ

Բվڴǰڽžһ򿪡

ʦֶ[ԲЪĶˣһ˺ҪҪȥ㣿]
ʦڹţ[Сʦã˵ӯ̫ˣҸղųȥˣȻˣСʦãɣҰ㼷Ǽֻ֪Ƿֱ֪жɵӣ]
ʦѩ[Բǲ˽㲻ˣʦǸ»Ҫ˽Բ㲻Ҫ룬ֻҪʱȥ¡]

ЩϢշġ
һµġ

ʦڹţ[Բ㻹ǲǵõʦʱ򣬽ʦҲûǲԾ£ãܲǶᣬǷ꣡²ɴˣĻǶˣԲʦ˵Ҫȥн㣬Ҫˣéɽڿһ˶ٰ]

һټִ˽Բָʶǵ׹⣬žڿлɢδܻ

ʦѾ۳˽

ʵʦ̽˲²⣬ԼǶᣬǷꡣ

ĽԲǵһ֣ܲȱʲôؼĵطӲŻڽȻͬ
Ҳܰʵڰֱͨӷ굽硣

ʵһֱǽԲ

ֻġĽԲ

ԲûٿžӵѾڸղŵ

һĨµߵ˳ȥ

*

ͬʱڹĴѰҽԲéɽһ׷յ˽Բž
[λʦʦ㣬ҽ˹ǵͣȥ򸽽λ꣬ǹʱ򣬲ɢ]

յСʦñžۺɳһ

ԼĹ׷
СʦȥץˣҲ󰡣죬ҲȥǣܲðԲǱȥǣ

˶Ļк塣

˪Ҳƣˬʵͷ
˵ǣѹǣѹᣬȻڳǰСɢҲ̫˺߰ɣһȥͣ

*

һߣѹǵϢѾ֡

Ƿ⣬ĵɳ콣Ϊ׵İӲμԮ

ڵڡڵڡڵڡҩڵİٻȺħҩ඼һɳǰԮ

ƺѹǣʩѹ£Χķ߶δơ
ͣ˶˰ķҰ⣡

Բͬһɢ޸ϵʱڵĵΧŷҰӰڷ󷨡

콣ڵĽһͨ׽ۣڿ䣬Ͻڵĵ԰ǽеķʯźӰǶ롣

ǰڵŰ׽ۣоŸʽӦ嵽ϵ

ÿߵʱڲڵĵӾͻϣɫʯĲȥ

ر㱻һԵȺİٻȺħҩҩ޽ҽΡ

ǹǰߣڵĺȴ˿ң

Բһɢ޺ڵĵӶԱֵӲݣ˵Ĳţ˵ҵĻ롭




81.  81 ѹ4    ķǵĵ

ڵ޼Բ˳ڷҰӶ԰, ϡ
λһѹѹ֮Ѿȹ, ҿԷĻȥ, ˼פرɣ

һɢĻȰ

Ǳǽչģȹ, ոɹĺʱ

ɢ޵Ȱĳ԰˹ȥգ۾ͳӰڽ˶ĺ֮С

ڵĵǣ

Բûиŵһͷɹȥ˿һڵĵڷҰڰڷ󷨡

һ, ԺӰΪĴ˫

û뵽ǵôͱо, ʱúӰŲߣ

ˣڲ޳ȥΧɢ޻, ܵһʱ󷨵ĻԹ⣬ȻҲͲõʲôɷˡ

ܿ, һ󲨵ɢ޳, ڵ޵Ұһ߳˳ȥ
ԲҲⲨȺ, ܳȥ

ϸշԾ˺Ӱ, ԭĺӰϾͺȻһ
ŨӵͳһĿĹʬҰӷϵĵǳ˹

λƺ򽣾
콣ڵĵŭһŸЪڽ޷ųǲʬȥ

ۣ

Щֱ治Ĺʬ㽣¶е

Ǻֻһ˫۾ɭͨ죬ûڵ̳ڿԾ

򽣾ԴЧѣںڵĵǼ״ǰ

˻õĸɫڵĵķ, ͶǰԾϣ

ˡ

䡭

ͷըźӰ𣬲˲ϢһϮͱٴѹ

ԲȵǸշԾӰ, ˿̻վԭش㶿ڵĵʰս

иߴ޻ʱ·Բߣɨһۡ
־͸Ͻȥɣͷʲô˶ҽͣ

Բһۣڸżɢ޳֮С

ɲʲôˣգнԲ

ңǸղŰڷŵ󷨣ʲôˡڳģ

*

ϮͶһƤһʴʹС

Բڵһͼæ֡

ǰЩĵؼʯԼһȦڣѰȥ
չһ򶷣Χ˳ɻûϵպÿԲһͷ

ԲէЩϵ⣬ͣ𰸣ȽҲһ붾ٶ¹Ѿֻʣһˡ

ǰǺɫͶһ統ʯĴӡ

ͬǣûеʦţֻ

Բ¸ҵ˳ȥ
ֻһ¾ʹ벻ߵ˸ʲô





Բһͷŷǽʯͷ

ԼؿڣȻĳ

ôˣ

ԭĴλãǰˡ

ںɭɭڲ࣬ԲԾһ£ɴཫ
ǰǺþûˣɣ

ʱ壺
죿

Ȼ񣬽ʶ̽Χ
ǡʬɽ

Բһֻ˹ɢûǰԺͲôˡ

ղһ䡣
ǣճڷϿפʬɽ궯ңʬħֱǰѹǣ²һƬԲǧﶼ

ǡ𣿡
ʱԴɪ졣

ԲûעΪͻȻӶӿһʬ˹

Щʬ͸ղͻϮҰӷߵһ޶һ㣬ģȴܺˣ

չȥһ֫ŤĿȫǣԲֻһ۾˵Ųߡ

ȻͺһŲ֪ʲôʱƮֵĺɫˡ

Ǻﻹһ˫ֵĺ۾һգգĿؿڣ

ԣڿǰ

ԲʱһһҶ׼źΧΧĹʬƷ
ǻޣ

ǺȴĶ£öûж

*

ڽԲĵطʱ忴ź̾һ

ʬģ㾹ţ
ΪˣʱĲٱ䣬Щ仯

źҲϤһ

ǽԲǰʬѾ̲סҪ˫ϥعݹס嶯Դ
ҵʥȼ껤ʬĲڵһս󹶻

㣬˭ţ

ʬٴβһţ²׵ɬ
ʥʬħʬڵһսˣ˵ʬɽûþȺֻҺʬΪ΢ˣҲʬɽ»Ρ

ʬĵתড
һжΪǣǽɷɢϣҵôӣǵǧǰʬ˵Ϣڸɽʱʬľ֪ʥû뵽һô졭

תĿͶԼõĽԲ
ʥôᱻһ޴ϣвҪҪʬɱ

ڳһµĻȣŵýԲͿҪ̲סȥȴͷ

źǺɫģԲǻ޵ĻΡ

µȥ֣ɶϻޣܾúЩƣֱӶֲɱ޹ĸо

ټԼŸ˻޵ĻڲȷԷǺ֮ǰԲԸȳ֡

ȻͺʬĻûĺٴν



һһ޶ŵãʱż򵥵Ľһ䡣
Ů޶дãЩ¶ЩҪ

ʬӦǣɴµȴЩΪһ˿ĺ⡣

ǧδû뵽ʥὫһ˷

Ů޲ǸڣӤǿ󣿾ʥֻϢڻڣҲܲŶԣ

ο޸թʥŮ޴һѱһ

ʱ岢֪ʬ룬ֻʹ䣬֪ʬɽȻȫգɴ´
ȻǶɽˣҲٻȥˣҵ֮𲻹죬ݣζҪ£ҰӶ涼Ѿڲ󷨣ҴԶ;ΧҪǷ֮ǰƹǵĵһߣ

ʬĵ˹ѵ¡

תʱȴķɳȥһĻЩû־ʬΧԲ

Ҫùۿ֮ǰǺεܣεʧܣ

*

Բ֪ͺŵʱʬɽͷͷʬɽĶͷͷ˻

ڿźȻûж־תƮߣԭΧһʬҲʧȥĿת뿪Ȼʧ

ǰѹǾӵ𣿹ֲֻһվͿס˾桭

ʱ壺
ϣ𣿡

ԲĦĹ

ɫϵڻûһɱӡǡ

Բķǵĵ
Ϊ˶ģȻҪˡ

ʱ壺Ȼˣɡ

Բ
ǰʲô˼

ΧͻȻʲôµĶӿԲʱ˵İʲô˼




82.  82 ѹ5   רҵģ

ֻƵ, ӿһ۷Ʈڵ

ǲԶһʧȥ־ֻ֪ǰʬڻ

Բ벻ĺһʱһ, ͷһ, ֺͷðĹͷ࣡

ЩؿڴĺֱԽԽ࣡

ڼһ
ǰס֣סְ

Բ˻ߵĺͳճǿɴܶȥԻٶȼӳ, ڵľЩ׷Ҫϼֻ֣գ۵Ĺӵͷǰ嵽ǰ棡

ʱ壺
ҪɱΪʲô, ȴܵˣ

Բ˦󲿶, Ѱһ黹㰲ȫʯͷ潫ݺݵ
ǰ

ƽȻ

ʱĪЩ飬ɻһ˿ίƳ
ʲô£

Բ

, ǰȻ֪Լʲô

ҲգȻѾԼ, ȴӸıǰʼɣ

ԲֵĿ˿ڡ
ǰ, мһֱ֪, Ȼéɽڵĵ, ȴܺħ֣꾫ԽԽ£Ըո˵ҪġֻǸԼˡ

ڵĻ֪ΪΪһá

ٿʱʱɬ
¹

Բͷ絷⡣
°̫ˣȻһӾܴɢü, һǣǴӹﷸˣС, ǰѵûкµĶ𡭡

ʱ壺
ûС

*

˹ˣôʱ򽭰ԲҪӲͷƤϵġ

İգʼĴѰ䵥֣ȵ˦ʶı۶˳Ũĵطȥ

ҰȻǶһĳӣԴΪ磬ȴԵĲ

ڷҰϣֵĶٶеפҰһƬƶ񤣬żлĵء

սƬǻ

ԲûãƬشĻߣΪ¡
ص΢ʴڴһƬԭŻӡ

΢еĶ̫һȻʴرҲ°߰ڵĺۼ΢ʴĵرȴ΢΢Ľơ

ԭǻĵطϻ̫ԣɵȵ֣߻ӣ¹ҫ£رı仯ʮˡ

Բһջʱ󻯳һԴƵĺɫ
һ£ζЩϤ

ʱʱһ䡣
Щ

Բһͨǰ˵ջ޿ڵƣ

ԣ
ʱʱش𣬳ϵĺƢ

ΪʲôʻһȱˮرҲֻɳôǱº濾һ

Ҳڱº濾
ʱ߶ԲǰԶĵһƬ
¹ҫ£ǵؿڵĽ֮ɫ࣡

ԲȻһҲջµȻˣ

֪ˣ
ԲĿͶصס

صףӦȵ

*

ڷҰ򱱣һɽششôʮλʦʦɽ

СЩڣ˴رأпܲлɽһǿɾͶҪҽһˣ

İɴʦ㣬רҵģǳڶǰ棬ִһҩƣڵΪ


ʱƬѵͻȻ

ǵҩ£ӵ׵ĵطжҩһƬһƬ
ϸһ𲭵ıϣ

ҵˣ
Ǽæ֣Ǿһö̿

һöɫָ룬ʱһָŷĵط
˵ѵĿӶ棬ҪҵĶ

۴˷ܣһ̰ܺһȦ䷨
׼󣡡

ǣ
ʮλʦʦ඼һɨƣӵȡⰲá

һڿӶΧһȦϸܷʯֻһˡ죬аڣ

һԽ˷ܵʵ
ʦ㣬ĻǧһֵĻʶ𣿡

ˣ˵ظ¸һİͨǧδǸǣǼпֻܳʶģһʶֵǧƷʯ첹ҪϣҶŵ㣬˷ˣ

*

һߣΧһСɽ¶ĽԲҲҩһƬֲֵֹꡣ

Ƭֲ궼ŵĽɫ󣬻ЩǿδյƣҶƬȴͻģһ㣬棬ԽԽ׳

껨Ȼȣɫ

ʱȵָš
һ֣ȻϱһЩλã

ԲڿҿҵţȽһҲںãڳһ
ǰں𣿡

ʱ忴ԻʶΪĵ巽λöںãͷ
Էȥˡ

Բ۴˷ܵĽժ£Сķһˮ

׼úֽƷεһֱ˻ͻʶϣվŵֳ߬ȭ
ǰҪͰܲȫܲ˳ʶˣ

ʱ壺
СĻ󣬱ٶԡ

ޡ

*

һߣڵػʶһæкΧʦһ̵֣ʱ˳ʶڣ

ʦţһ
ʦ㣬ʶĻᶯ𣿡

ʦܵҩ£һؽɫĻʶԽԽڣ

üɫһ
û˵Ѳһ컯Ļʶļ۸Ҫϼˣ죡Ͻڣûˣ

ã

һʦֵܱ˼ѪһʼԽɿ

ܿ죬ǾͳԭڵλãǼ״ɴѡʦܸǴϳԻ̣ǳ׷ſֽǰڣ

ˣ

ǰͷֲ˶

ʦ㣬ڵˣһϸһĶ

ǰһʱɫ䡣
ˣǻʶʧı֣Χ϶˷֣ʳʶˣɢңһҪץ

ԭһʦɢΧ

һС˹ȥ

*

ǰ㻹û𣿡

Բٿ㣬һԼԽԽ̲סߴһ䡣

ϵĺļڿ

ǰĻȴֻź⣬޻ػ

ûʱʶˡ

ԲΧְһȦӰ󣬼һԽԽɴӲͷƤ̤⡣

ҲһȦԻֳ̣ʱһź

棬ͬһ´Ʈ



ȣһǸտʼóԻ̣̫Ϥӡ

˻ش۵ҩޣ롭

Ըشۣ̫ĵˡ

Բֱԭ£׼õѪϡ

*

ǾһŰɵĽԲϣ¶Ρ

Բߵƨq(s^t)rһš
ȣȾҡ

ûڵϿˣȴǸмֶ

üͷһ壬ȥһϤķʯһʯʹѪ

ԲҲ¶ݡ

һҰ׵Ϊˡôֽǵһ˫۾ҲʢϸıкͿ

ȴ䴹ڵϵĽԲ
ѣʦûװ֮ǰҪȴԼһȭϢ𣿡

Բ

û̡

ֻôҡ




83.  83 ѹ6   ǿ佱𣿲ǳ

Ȼشôʦ㵱α, ɽԲͦڵûÿ

ǰѾջʶؼʱҪ뾡һа취ʱ䣬סǣ

û뵽ѾԲ, Сﻹڵϲ

ת, µԭ򣬸, Ѿ˼ֺ⡣
Բڿؽ˰׳Ի̣ô, 뵢شȡʶô

Բ
þûô, òϰ߰

۴ȻԲִ٣ӲŴӵ
ʶлʶлõʶ, 񲻾ҽϵĻˣ

ǻɵĿ
ýԲ̬α

ˣķֻʶ, ôܻ, ȥʳ飿ڴ, ֻΪӱܹϿشõʵ

ֳǰɨһȦ
ڵĻһղ, ƮҲδʲôֵ󷨼

ԲڿһΣѾ˼ԣ㿴˻ǾѵȡѰתһȦ

ɫָ볯ŽԲתȥΣȴһ̿תͷתر𴦡

ǸѾλʦȥѰˣǿڴ˴ͽԲһߺҽߵġϷ

ǵĻų

뵽ǰߵծ, ȡһ룬
ѣϴѪ, ɫ԰ףǻгѪûֹѪҼȻˣͲܼȣɣҰΡ

˵վһȡһرر׳볯Բ˻Ρ

Żεؿڣִظεȹǣͣ˽ԲСϡ

Բ亹Ҫºˣ

˵ûشôʦ㣬ȻǸĺģ
ȻôֵֹѪ
ǷѪ

ô죬㻹ǲ㣿

ֻһ˲Ӣ¾ĽСȳ˹ȥһźµ
ѣǾͶлˣͷֵʱһЩۡ

ǣ
û뵽⽭ԲǸӲԵģ˵ݶˣ

𴽽ǡ
ȻˣҾһЩ

ǿȽԲСĴָϸ룬䣬ڼ嵽Բϵ˲䣬ȴûˡ

ΪԲڶ㿪ˣ
ʹѸޱȵĳ˹ȥȴһ˲ն˵һ´ʬϣ

ǵ붼ͣˡ

һ˲佭Բϱɱ⣬̫ԣԵִĳ

ôҲǸ굤ڣȻڵĵסˣ

彭Բߵһֻʬ֣ȴԾδɳһ

Բô죬ʩ׼ȷȷʦ˵ز¶

վںȥˡ
Ȼû£Ҿˡ

ƹԼֳСɽ¶ȥԲæȥֽ¡

ǱӵĿУԲָ
ѣҵĳԻ̡

ǴѪĳԻ̿Ǹ߼ܷΣһγ־õģǸòǹ˻ɣ

ǱҲΣԻе˵ߣһЦ
ѣȻҰ㿴ˣ⴮̾͵ıɣȻѪֱãҲǿҳһεķãʣµľͲ㵽éɽծˡ

Բ
֮꣬ɵ¸߶ȳˡ

ͨСקá
У̲ߣҾʣһƷˣõأ

Σܴù

üɫٿ䣬Ҳ˽Բõľġ

ĵԲ治֪װ֪Ʒ̣ȴƷּۣ˻ش߰ҩѣҹȥ𣿡

ǻشκˣҩƷȫȷеļ۸ɲֹҪʦɵֻ׼ǻشõҩδζȥޣôǷôծ񣿡

һԸһԸԸǷģ

ǳԻ̲ҲԸҶ˵˲ǿģ

һ䣬ãһһҩơ

Ȼ뱻ָǿԲʵ̫Ƥˣ̲סˣ

ԲҲǵƤµƢŲ굤أ֮ǰͻӤڵʦܱȶӮˣ

һܰɣһڵ

Ӯ˵㣡ԲҲһ䣡

ҩƺڸڳԷֱֱȥ

ȻǸҩޣƽǴʦֵȥɽͷծȻֲ

ԲǳԻ̴ٶȣ𲽱㼱ٿ֮ǰһУ

ԲҪЦˡ
ٶȿɲΪԻ̲ôģ

ﬣﬣﬣ

ϵĽڿнӣϢһصͻȻ

ž

ҩƾͱԲǿɳȥֱӲ嵽˵ϣ

ǴǲԼŴ˼оͱ˱

Բȴ˻Щȡ
ѣû뵽ΪҩޣֻأȻֵ³أ

ӤڵʦҲ˰УǵѾ󲿷ֻ굤ڵʿˡ

ǣ
ǿ佱ǳ

Բɫֱֳ̧̧
ҵĳԻ̻ӮˣǾ˵㣡ԺҲ̵ּ۵£һºˣq(s^t)r

ǣ

ԵĽԻȡյݵԲ䲻һɣըһ޴

շӦԲɫ˲ĳ˹ȥ

Ǵطűը󻺻ɢȻһֻɱ֦Ļʶ

ǵʱըˣ

Բڿң

*

Բɹ˲ںⱬը̫֣СɽϣøϽȥǰ

ԲԾ˹ȥղŻȵĻʶ˿Ѿһɫʯ񻨣ԭʢŻȴտҲʲôûˡ

ǰ
ԲȻĹˡ

ըΧֻԽԽŨɷ

Ѿ׷ϵѾʳһɵĻʶҪվˣԲڵﻹǰǰʱ
Բ㾹ʳ˻ʶ֪֪ʶΪ´˰

ըǻĶ

ԶУɢѰĻشõҲűըӣǰʳɿݵĻʶסˣ

Բһ˹ڿӶԱߣ΢ͷǵһʦܵ䡣

һΪоԻ̵Ƕˣû뵽޻ת֪֪Ǹʳ˻ʶԺȥʲôһʱͻⷽԲȥҰӵķߣžͻԲǧÿһطɺʬɽһ鲼ĵط

ԲǵĵǣĻǰ䣬Щѹҡҡͷ
ġǰҺüΣΪȼˣԲ˵ЩµģʶҲֻǰΪ˻ָƲʳģ˵ˣ

Ҿȥۿ

У𽭰ԲͳŨصǰȥ

ǷҰ򣬷ĵط

ӱըһɳĺɫŨǴҲ֪ʲô




84.  84 ѹ7   Ҫޡ

Բһ·, ־űըȴͬɻؽ

ϷŨŨ, ĺǵ˿, ڽ¶ݡ

ȷһ޾ۼĺ

Ƕ棬һͬͷ͵Ũīɫ֣

ǡɷ

ɷĳðڵһڵɫ

ҶڹɷصϢ, ȻױմȾ³

ȻѾڷųͬʱڵŵǰҰӲɷѾ󷨱Χ֮⣡
ɷ֣вͻٲ

ʦʦǴ, ʾ̳, ȴֽԲԭء

ȻϲԲʱ̣Ҳֻ˼˽Թˡ
, ɷ̫Σˣһ˵ҰӶ԰˵ɡ

ԲǰɷԵĻһöնϤ, ҡҡͷ
, Ȼȥ, Ҵܹɷ, ûµģ롭ȥЩޡ

ԲܴȴԱߵһ

Թ᰽ӻ޺һĴڣǰĶǻ޺ɷҧһëĳ

Ҫ޲ͣ

Ǹʦǻ, ˵ȫĵط¼ȰԲ
ѣ޺ǲͬ, ǵΪĳˣȰ㻹ȱȫһ˻ȥɡʱҷģȵΣգһľ㣡

ɻǰﰡ
ԲķֲԾĿǰĺ

ǿѾһŽɷƵýڽںˣʱ˳Ųôγһµķߣɷ޿ɳ֮

Բǵַᶨĵ
ѣһȥǣڣҲ»ָ壬͵һʵûʲôģοзӦɷûȣⲻ˵Ļ𣿡

һ㶣յԲѾȡķʯǱ߳˹ȥ

ССӰڷǣƮƮȴޱԶ

Բڴ󺰵
ǰǣ

*

Բ۵֮вδԶȴԶĸնʱӰһ

ԲֱֱǳʶͳĻһ
Ҫ֣

仰ʱԼסˡ

ĻҲһͣԼȻʥǸһ·

ĵֱУڻ޲ŵıУԲĳ˻޶վ˻·



ʱ˿̣ǵĽǶȿȥԲͺǻ޵ͷͷһͶɷͷ

ڻǵУǿ˵ΪĽԲȻҺʥȼ磬վǰ벽ȥ

ҪʬɽϣҪ󲻾

Բ֪һ˵ģĸʱ崫
ǰû°ɣոôû˵һ͵ˣþˣ

ʱĬĬϧĵ
żȻӵ޵͹

ǰˣҲԻǰģԲһķʯ¶
ǰ˫Ұٽһߣ

ڵĻȻٵմȾɷĺۼȴ඼ԭ״ȻδܵӰ졣

ǰǺܿ׵ģĺܺãҲһڻҲĺܺã

Բ΢΢ģҪְ󣬶ȴʱľܾ
أ˿ɣ뿪

Բһ㶡
ǰǵ󷨰ڷر򵥣˶ʱģҺܿ졭

ھߣ
ʱԴĮٴδԲڱ粵һ䣬ȴоһɲݾܾǿƵ˻޵⣡

һԵǻδ뿪Բĳȥˡ
ѣôˣǲǻ˵ˣ

δȽԲػ֮оͻȻ⣬е޵
ڷǰɷ޹˵ҰӰ

¡¡

Ȼ죬ڵĵ޾ȻֱӾͽףʼ˵صɷ

һ޹ް

ȵȣȵȣ
Բһȣȴۡ

Щµ˽ԲΪ촽źϣҪȰԲٶˣһȴ˽Բղ˵Ǿ䣬ûȡ

ԲѾݵԣ֮кȥ
ͷλޣȵȵȣа취ֱɷ

¡

쳹պ˲䣬ٿͣ

ڵĵ޴ӿ̽ͷ¶㵡
ġǽ𣿡

ĸ
ڵ

鷳Ѻĵ˵һٷˣа취Щɷ

̻дӵڴʦ֣ۡ
ʦ֣Ǵ׷û٣ҪȻԽѵİ취

üɫһۡ
˵ǸԲ

ԲΪȴ굤ڴԲɽʦܴܵϢѾڲá
˭֪Ͼ֮һɽѾصڹڹ

һȻ

۴мɨӲһĽԲص
ʲô취

Բķ
˫ֻҪڳڴ˴һͷҰһķߣҾͶȫˣ

ԣЦӱǼŵģòһ˿õС󷨰ɣ⽭ԲΪᣬȻ棿

˫ǴӽԲϢ֪ͬĻÿӶģ⴫
һͨ죬ȴ޷һ䣬ֻ૵
ʦ֣Ҳ˶ãý

ֹ̧סģٴص
ѣǴ׷㹻Ͳ㶯ˣ㻹λҽԶЩɣ

ڵڵӶˣһɢ޳֣

ۺ̧ʾڼͷ׷

¡¡

ٴ˴˷ը

Щ׺޲棬Ȼڴɷ֮һգڴʱͬǱƵýڽںˣ

ϸܷʵΪɣֱɷͻŹ

ǰɻڻ޶أ

ԲȥȴһԵס

Բѣ侲ڳȥ޶תͷͻᱻǰ޵һľ͵ɱǧܺͿЩܱƵɷˣҲöǰʶˣ£ǻȶ㿪˵

ԵĽԲǵѣڻȻһ뿪

ͷǶս˵Ļţһ˿ѹĵ˳

ǰҪ
Ϊٻǰһ

ʱһѹֲס˷ܺͻá
˱£أԶ뿪ˣ
뿪ˣģģ

Բο΢΢ȥͷǹʧȴôˡ




85.  85 ѹ8   Ǵ

Բ˵׽׷״ϳԻ̶

˶Χս, ˻صҰڰ

Բɨö֪仯ģĺӣʵҲܻ

ղżԼķݶϣҲбҪһ⡣
, óԻ̵ʱ, ͶӰӰЧͻһЩ㲻֪ԼѾźӺܾ𣿡

Ǻĵͷ
ҵȻ֪

㻹󣿡
һ׳Ի̶ʱ, ͶӰȴҪʱҵȻҪѡǰ߰

Բ
ˣڻش, Ʒ, ˴ξû֡

뵽ղǶԼ⣬Բˡ
ѣʵ㲻ôʡԻ, ͷںҲˡĵһʱǡ

Ծܾ֡
ʮһ׵󷨶ǻش˵̫ݳ, л, ʱˡ
ѾСʦȥ, ֺα

ǵƳ۽Բ, ĵСﻹǼ׬Ǯ

Բ̾Ϣһ
һſֱԾɻ£ԽװĳԻء

ǣ
СʦȻԸ󷨣ŻȻˮƽ

˵̫ô죿

Լһ
ѣ, ⻹ǿԼġĽװ棬ʲôͬ

һֲȽ壬Բʼƴ, ͲҪռ۸ʱȴһյ˼Ӽž

չһʱ
ˣʦʦǽغʧˣ

Բһ㶡
غʲô

ǷɿתŶȥɢ
ʦǽѹĿյȥҰӰͷˣǲ֪ΪʲôǴͻȻӿһݵ²ֹʦˣפڵǶɢˣѣһ

Բԭͣһ˲ڻǰͷҰӰ֮Ƭ̣վ׷Ƕȥ
ѵȵң

׹תǵ뿪ǰʱ巢ž֪顣
[ǰͻϮߣҺȻȥˣҲޱСģˣ]

ʱѾŻһƬɽȣɷңңԣڵĵ׷ѾĵĲˣĥƬ̣ͿԶɷܵĵӡ

ɾڴʱʱյ˽Բġػž
ɫž˷ĺڿнɢʱ忴ЩȻͳһ䡣
ʬ㣬ʬĴ˵𣿡

һź۳ģ
ʥʬĴЩΪĻ˵ϱߣôҲ𣿡

˹ȥʱȱ

ǣ

*

һߣԲ뿪ԭؾͷɿ򶫣ܿݵ˷ҰӶ԰

ֻǰȻĺӰߣȻһƬԭӰһߵĵһشƿ

洦ǱŲ֫ϱ۰ĵޣǶ棬Ũڶڻƿĵط룡

ԲǶһۣѸγʦȵķ

ԲǼһָ

һǷɫ׵ֱӳǶѻ£صȴڲԶĿյϡ

䣡ǣ

ȺڵĻޱͣ˽ŲԲ̽ŭ
ΪͬԴʿŰɱ޹һûųǰϽ˿

Ż޻ɵааһ
ǽԲ



Ȼҳ֣
Բִû뵽ɻ޶㵽ʱɫ

Щܺ͸쵽һ𣬼ܺ͸һǱɷȾĻޣ

ɷܹӵ޵Ϊѵǲ׾ƿҰӷߣ

ԲͷյĸʹͬīɫصĻ޳Բ˹

Բ޿߻Ҵ£Ҳͬɥ֮ȮϵվƲҰӣҲҪɥ˵أ

ΪھɷĴ߻ѾڣԲӦǹѹתԻ경㿪

ɺ͸һŻޣȴ·һʱ֮򽭰ԲЩ;ĩ·֮У

ԲѾڷŭĵ췣֮˸Ż޸ƣ

ɽԲȴֻǳĬŲ˵Ҳ£ֻŲţһġ

꿦ꡪ

Ƿʯ

ԲѾڲȡж侲ŻڳԲѹ״շųһ췣֮ף

ŵ˺󼸲ĸת˲ͱһɫ󷨹ԭأ

ǽԲɿһʯӵ˵ϣ˿ýŻΧڣ

ɫĹøһʹ
˫󣡰

ɷӡΪͻȻֵ˫󱻲ǷʹźûֻƬ̺󣬾ͻһûʲôʶͨǣ

Բһû뵽ȻһԤϵıɾɷһΪͻʶȴҲɷȫȻʧһ䶼ڵͨǡ

ɷȻ˲ǳ

ŻȻҲڽĴײȴ޲ԣɷԲһǰ

ü

ٴξ档
λޣɷͲʲôˣߥ˵ңڿͣˣ

סһڻ۾

q(s^t)rһ
ʲôԻᴦ˺޹أȫΪ˱ɱ޵Ĵ𣡡
ǣǽɱʮںͶ㵽вأлᱨȥζҪȥģ

ǽɱޣ
Բһ䣬ʹȥȺȴѾٴ˳ŷȱڳǰȥ

ʱڴڵĵӻػ

Ƭ֮󣬵ٶ˺

Բ״һߣǰĬڣЩ
Ǵ֣Ӧʲôֻʷҡ

ѵеǰȵͨɢޡʲôô

һõ

ԲĿͶ˷ҰӺӵ̡

˶һ޴ȱȥһ֡

ԲԻһ̻һż糯Ӱ˹ȥ

*

ԶڵĵӺ׻

ԲӰڲо״󣬲Կʼ޸

ʱ󣬵ڵĵǷѾţ֮Ⱥޱ˸ӰʱֻһںƮ

⡭ڸɵģۿ޸âĴ¶㵣ʮ⡣
ֳµ츳ǷʦˣŴеˣ

ڵӻѯʣΪ׵Ĵʦվҡͷ͡
ѣڵĵӶȥ޸󷨡

˶ټűȴǰڷŵĸΪ˷ҰӵȻ˼ǿ͵Ҿÿĳλ󷨴ʦ·˳ˡ

ڶźӰϵĹâֹһ䡣
ոսѲͳ߳ôһɵģ

ʲô󷨴ʦɵӣ죬֪ߣ

*

һߣʱɳĻҲİ޳ֵϢʱ塣

ǰڵĵӻңңţɷҲʱʱ̽Ϯʱܾ·һ̫ɺϣͻȻһ
ټлޣȳʬɽ

ʬһͣԼˡ
⣬ʥ߻δƣҪȥˣ

ʱһǰǹǸǳǿֻᱻǣűߣȥʬģٻʬɽ

ʬ㱻ѺӦкһڻԭ·ˡ

Ťʱȴʱ廹ͣԭء
ʥȥ𣿡

ȻȥûҪʬɽڴ˼仹δˣ֮ͻȥǡ

ǣ




86.  86 ѹ9   ԭ֡

ĽԲ޺󷨺ȥӦˡ

һҩһΧ, ˿ڷҰһѨţ

Բһ·ɶݣܵطˣ֪Լͷһ
, Ϊʲôڵĵ޷ž, ҪҰ

֪Ӳܹ

֣

ȻɽԲǷɱͣ, ܿͿҰӶٵһɽڿ⣬ΧһƬڷ˰ײǰһɫ, ־, űͨͣ

Ȼ𣬼ҪСɽظǣ

ۼǲɫ᧿ΣԲһ, ǰֱͶһĺ󱳿񺰹ȥ

ң

¡¡

йž޴ĳǰ, ˲ɢһƬյأ

Բץ˹ȥ, ȺٶΧ»ǰ嵽ɫ, öӦ䵽, ֻˡһһ渽·󷨴ǰ˳Žɫһ·ֶ£һµĽڡ

ԭ᧿Σ·ļӳ±ٴȹڵǿʱµԲ, кʦվȥ
ѣĿ̫ʱˣһ, ҺʦǱƿȺ㿴׼ʱ

Բ̵ͷ˺һڵǼȡҩƶŽɫֻ

䣡

󷨵ıԵʱһըոΧȺٴαƿڴƣ󷨿һӣ

ֻһ˲ǻб㴫һɹĳζЩľʪζһɴ̱ǵζѶζԲʶϢڳ˽ȥ

ŵζԽĳѹɫʱٶء

ԲЩȺ̸ŵˣִؿڡ

żΧѣˣ

ΧվŻشʮʦŵӣ϶ľƣɫ

һڴӵ͹ɫ֦Ťϣ¶Ķ֦ʢһƴտɫ֭ҺǿɳζԴ

ԲʶǶ仨Ҳ֪ҺʲôֻڶɨһȦûʲôɷĵޣԼȻǱƭģЩˡ
ѣ㲻˵ʦɷڿأ

һʦȻнԲڡ
ѣǶԲסˣ¶ֻܰõ֮ǰִҵ㻹ҲʶȤԲ˸ְæ

ԲõĵһۣѷģҲ׳ֵģ

Բǣ⻹ࡣ

ǳ磬ָл֭Һ
ѣ˻Ϊ黨ǳʬǸŻһֲͨĸ黨⣬ǰڻʶֱ죬ڻһΪҺĶһαƷʯǶ취ƾƷҩϺӡ

취
Բʶ
ܵ취ӣĹ¶أ

һϣĹ¶ѼȻûиҺȴҲǰѵһı¶ķƷҲ飬ܼⸯҺһֱƷף

˷ܵش¡

˵ԲҲ֪뱻ⸯҺһˡ
ȻǺöôץˣҽйǡ

ȡԼĳԻ̣Բһǵĺۼ

ȻǱҺʴȴӶʱһ·ͣ

ǽԲԻ̺ӡȥһ

ԲˣԭһԳװҺ

¶Цݣѵȷˣ

Բȡ˷ʯͿ̵Ƥӵ³˻Ρ
Ȱѱã

ɫһ۵ķֳơ
߳ɣɣΣ

ΣԲҪ̵ڹһöͼֵһƷʯþֻɸҺ̫ˣ

̵ĳɣ

ԲʨӴ󿪿ڵҪɣٶһ󣬳ҾͿ̣ȥڵĵæɣ˵ǳ־ˣ漰ر־Ҫ߳ɣѲΪʲô֪ɣ

ǳ鴤۽Բķʯһ䡣
ҲҪƷʯӡҪõķʯ

Բһİ塣
ɽ

˵վͻƷķʯʼп̡
̵ڶϡϡҲܻһˣֱӾͿʼˡ

ǼĸβСʦʹɫ
ʦܣ쿿㣬λѾԻ̵ˣ󣬿ѵһѧϰᡣ

̴ӶվͦŽߵԲ档

ֻһۣͲԾĵһתԼҴʦ㴫
ʦ㣬⣬⣬⽭ѣ̷ֿһã

̷ֿǷʦһĶõʣǸҽޣȴҲϲо󷨣СһֱѧˣҲֻһĶãάֲƬ̡

ԲȻվžֱһÿˣ
ҿ⣬дһ߿ӡһ



ֻԼѧܵĴһ䡣
ҼǵãڵλҲֻһã߿̱߸İɣ

ؼǣԲٶȻ˿

ŤͷԼҴʦߡ

ǲֻĵһ䡣
Сʦܣ˵󷨣̵ıڴӶҪã

Ƶͷ

Ҫ죿
ֵͷ

ٿһ׳Ի̣Ҫöã٣

һĻش۵Ƕգգ۾𵱳Բǰ׳Իʱ˵ǡ
ʱ˵һҪʱգһ룬԰ɣ

ɿ񡭡̫Ծ

ĥĥԽԲĺøǰһ߽ʧ󻯳һɴŭĿ⣬Բ˹ȥ

Բһõֿһɳһ
ǲףһҪ̻ˣ

̧ͷ˶˫ʵĿ⣬ǣ˫۾Ҫˡ



ѣǡôˣ

һһĴ
ѣһõķֿ̱ôǿΪʲôҪƭ˵ӡһ׳Ի̺úʱգһ룿

ԭֳ

ǽҴĴ̫࣬ԲѾߣգգ۾
ѣ˵˵Ҫǻӡһ׳Ի̣Ҫã

Ҷ󷨲ͨȻҪܾãҭסһ䡣

ԱߵСʦСֹʦ㣬ҲҪչܿӡһס

Ǳƭˡ

ǽȷʵ츳Ƿ˵дҲֻԼı̷̬츳԰ˡ



侲һǣʦ˵öԣˡǻץѸҺʢװϽ뿪

Һһ뿪֦˲ʢװܱܱҩ

Բ̳ǴǰһΪıݻһķܱ֤֮ҩҺڿգȲʴԵܱҩҺʡ

СҩҺʢװãַָԲԼһ룬еĸζζɢȥһ
ˣ

䣡

ȴʱбըͻȻĶըһŭڵĵӾڶ

ãֻħˣץոҺѸ뿪

䣡

һըĺףըĽԲڵĶͷʼʯ顣

˲ٴ˸ҺζǰζŨ

һ
˵ʱ򶴵ô˶סˣΪ£ԭڵĵͷͷи黨ȷסڽȥȡˣ

⣬ŸҺĹſڣڸħеļ񺿽ԭԽ

һʱ֮䣬Բ˱ǰйʱѣ




87.  87 ѹ10   硭

Բǵ˶ӹѡ

ߣ

붴Ļش۵̻һſΧŵը, ǼҪٴΧʱԲһ



¡¡

Ⱥ걻һ·ȫ롣

Բͷǵ, һ˳嵽˶⣡

ǼϴŸҺĻ, Ҳ˲ȥ˶ڵ, תͷԲһ׷

ʱ˽Ȼ̫ˣԲʮش۵һ˴Ի̣˵

̴, ˻طҰӰ
ڵӦ, 㻯ԶķҰӰ

ʵ̫ˣ̶һ·ǽһϵô粽У

ԲܳҰ, û뵽ʱȵɱʱ

ͷһ췣׻, ϴųĸ

Ȼڲһ, 뵽໹иͬһս, һҪҽ, µĸ죬ͣ
󼸺ÿӳȥܴһʮֵꡣ

䣬öԭװ׾ĹײȻֳһԽԽŨصĺɫӡۡ

ɫԽأӡԽɱԽ࣡

ĳһ˲, ŵӡڲȴһ˲ֱһĴָĽɫӡۣ³ڹ׶ˣ

˵ԲѾʱɱֻʮݵ

һ͵, ȻҲŹҲ˰ɫӡۣϰյͷ

ԲССӰ̲ص̫ˣӰ˦˳Իһٶȡ

ϵı𾪽תΪľɴջרĴ֡

ԲѾһ˵ķˡ

Ϊһл˵ġߡͨ˻Ҫ£ͶɱȻӤڣ˿̿ԲһӴҲ

Сģа

ǾһҩһӽԲԲഩһֻ˹ȥ

ž

һǵҩȴڴǰ˲ͱ룡

ڵϵһػɢ˿˿Ʊʴĺۼ˵ҩƣǴ̵ģǱʴģ

ԲѾǵ¶㿪ɼ䣬ǶһۣͻȻһ䡣
ǣɵ㿴ϴʲô

ʶص
Ի̰

ԣմ˸ҺĳԻ̣

ֲܳ׷ǲţ

һѽԻ̳£ֱ˦С
ѣͷһ̣

ԲʱһɢŸζĳԻ̻ΧǰȻ׷ķԶһ׷˹ȥ

䣡

Ҳ֪ԲǲǷʯµλü
ǡǰڵĵӳλá

һڵĵޣմɽըڣӭͶһȺ嵽ǰ

ھӢӵĶȻɼһͣ

һ
ܳΪʲôҲǶ·ը𣿡

ͷöɢųζĳԻ̺ɲɵùһ֧ʯͷϣ˭ûΧԭ



ʱо޴|ħҪ׷ˣǿȰĻħ

ڵǶӺѡӭȺ嵽˿С

ԭĶʱΪΧɢ

䣡

кܿϤ׻

*

׽ԲѾյݿЩΪĻشҽڵһʱʹϷ̳ҰӰ񱼶ȥ

˿Ѿһ˷Ұڣ

ǺͽԲ࣬ɰݣЩӦĳԻ̴ٶȣһһĵ
ѣ⣬߼ĳԻ̣͵ͼģǲһңˣҪףҲҪ򣡡

Բ˦һû˵ֻӿ˽µٶȡ

Ұӵڻǰ͸ħĽкҲԽԽҲ֪ǰڵĵӺһ÷Ұӵ赲һʱ

ɾʱǰȴһͻֵͣԭأ

أ

¶㵵ͣԭأǲֻɷķҰذ󷨣ôὫҲ

ղʦǻ˳ȥ˰

ڴʱЩѾҰӵĻش۵ǿʼڶϴıȻʲô

ǿǵĶɫԽԽס

ڵѣʦʦ˵

˵ʲô

аȺˣ

Բ

ڶȺ׷ڵӿܶ껹иħȻ𽥿Ҳ࣬Ȼһĺɽĺӵƽ߶𣬳ӿ

ϯ֮ɽƽɽʯƽʯ˵ޱȿ£

ԲľֻúⲻܿƵĴӽŵģ˶챻ԭأ

Ѳɣѹǣ

࣬ǴŴѾ֪ô졣

Ŷ԰ʮλ¶̵ֻʦʦǣۿͻȻͺˡ
֪Ͳ̰ͼҺˣϣҪˣ

һֻ޶Ըˣ˿һѣǻʲô·

ͷʱȺͬȡ˸ҺڵҲݵ˷Ұ⡣

Ȼͬ棡

ԲǾǽŵףڵĵӴһƨɵԼͬĳŲ˺Щ롣

Ҳ֪ڵ˭һ
ѣȺˣǴģһܵһ

Ǹ֪ЩĻ

ԲĶһڣŲϣߣĵĵ
ѣǶȥҵĳԻ̶԰Ҳǹõģȿô죡ôܲĽȰɣ

ȻûãҰھ˸ߺȳ
ʦ֣ͷŸҺȴϻڴ

һڵҪȥʾλãɲŸնһ£ҰǱ߾˺ȳһ䡣
ڵԭأ

ڵĵʶͣ˽Ųɸȴڱ˴˶

ڽڻüΪʲôҪԭذ

ɼѾŸҺǸڣŴٴֺϣڵĵڵͷ­ʼɿ

Щȴ֮ɫ

ԲǾǲԶ˶һۣ׹

ӵһĹ㣡

û뵽еǰھ˶ԴŵӵġԲûסֱӽ뷨˵˳

ԶһŰ׽۵ĵ̧ǷɫЩڵ

촽ŵ¶һЦ
ѣ㰡һںˣҲһɣڣҺôܡһЩ

Բȭͷ
Ϊʲôǽȥ

Ұɨһۡ
ΪڵĵӣշԸѵʱڰȺǰǣܵߣȺֱӾͻӵ̣һ·ƽ¡

ԣΪľǱסǸǧ֮ǰɷŰϮʱƶ˱ܲĹǣ

Ϊʲôۺ͸Һȥˣ

ǿЦ
Բ̲סЦ
˭˵иõķӣƾʲôҪ⽫ۺ͸Һȥݽ棬ֻü鵤ҩ

ģǱ˵ͷȺͷڵӶòԾҧ˴ߡ

Ҷ·ҰѾǽȥˣ˰󣬱

ЩΪҺǱʱ赲⣬˶ʱİƽ

ɼžȴžζ֮ᡣ




88.  88 ѹ11   ʨӴ󿪡

ԭڵĵ͵ժҺûش۵ĵΧЩ, ʱǸѼϼһı־òˡ

ֹĿ򽭰Բ

Բһۡ

֪Ŀ˽׳Ի

Բq(s^t)r, ҵ̿ɲ׸, ղŸʦʦǵʮ崮ȰȫҲҪ, Ҫһʹ÷ѣ

ǿסԼĽǮԣҧ
ʮ崮Ҷˣ㿪ۣȻͷȫҾͰǮ壡

û뵽ŵͻȻ, Բ΢΢졣

ԾʱһССѯʡ

ԭڳֵ, ˵ԲڵĽ۰Ͱ͵Ŷˡ
ѣǸĿԵֵҲ, 𣿡

˵վʹȡһɫʯӳԲݹȥƷʯ, мҵ, 𣿲ĻܲǷ, ܻȥ, һţ㣡

Բ

ʮڵĵҲ͵͵Ŷ˵̸

ǶͬʱͨΪ˷ָӣͽԲĶԻͨڷ

ʦܣո˵Ǹֿܵ󷨣𣿺ܹ𣿻Ҳ𣿡

ǰ, ǲ

һժøҺֻмʦֱŽȥˣֻ, ҲҪ


ѡԵĺ˴ҵ⡣

ϾҲ֪ԲﵽжٳԻ̡

Բкܶ࣡
ǳ࣡

ԲڿˣⳬԻ̵ȷԻȴǮǵļʦָողǽҺڣȥͨ˵а취סȺǰùǳǮ



·һֿڸɽϴɽʦֵǸԲ

һƶη壬ʨӴ󿪿ڡ

ɾǿˬô£

ͷ۷Ұڡ

һƬĿƽ͵Ϥף·沢һȺ͵ͬš

ոջȥļѾվǰңңš

˫ͬƽͣһ˿һĶݡ

ҧҧҪ˵ԲȴԼ˳͵͵ѣʱĻ㹻ܵõЧ𣿡

ˡ

ͷ֯ԣͨ԰ȣλʦ֣λס󣬵۲ƣλʦø⣬ǿţԽѵӣ

һֲ˵ˣҰϵ˫ģڳۣԱɼ۸񣡡

ҰذڵĵڣͬЩɢҲһġ

͵ЦˣǻвǲǮǲǼȣ

ǽԲҲʲô˰ɣʱۣҪӹǵǮ

ǽҺýȴһȺӲܣԲҪĺãֻ֣

ӦûɣһƷʯļ۸񣬲ЩǮܾЩӣΪʲôοס츣ĿǷǧǧĵޣ

˵ǧǰǸ͵󴫳ԺҲԸ߼вǣǮˣǲûӦɳλչõĶɽٳһ·׷ɱ棬ûǮ



ǰôҲڵܲвǴ

һɢ޷׷׿ڵӣǵĻػ

Ƭ̺󣬷ҰӰе޾ĽֱָĻվǰļ۱
ѣȺ̾͵Ӧ֮ȴۣӵܣܴв
֮⣬ǲԸǮˡ

һڿֵɢĬȻˣϿɵģҲвͬġ

Ҳû뵽Ǯ¶ǾȻܾЩΪѵĿͬţͲ˵ԲǮԼǳˣ

ɼ۶ˣ˵ԼǮЩŵˣʦֻҲĺԴľмᣬ˺ѣǲԸԼ㿪۰ɣ

һԴȴᶨĻ·˺αɴܿҲ׷׼˹С

ԶʺѾԽԽٲƾ󣬸޷赲Ƭ̣

Բ˳û뵽ǾλεԴһëΣҲԥվʮƷʯһ׳Ի̵ļ۸ʮĸڵӽ˳Ի̺ͶǲغΣҪ˵

ڷҰڵļۣǰӾȻֱӿʼףҪըˡ

ŭһ
ŷʯΪڵĵӣȻ

ŷʯȻֱӳż۰һۡ
ʦ֣վҲڹ棡ѵҾͻñŹӲţ굱һӵ𣿡

ǣҲһʮ򶼲Ըȴתͷ󷨽ʦֺ͸ҺӭȥҵҪڴеǰӦԣ᲻͸˳

Ҳ⻰һȻΧɢ޷׷׶ЩֱӼݷ뿪

λֿɲٿˣԼҵӶҪһȰҲҪˣϽܣ

ޣ׷ȥ·ʱһڣԭѪԷյսһ⣬ȲΪѣ

һȺɢޣȻܿɢ˸⣡

ֻʣ¼ӹµСԥҪ߲ߡ

ߣҲпܱһӵˣһڲˣǲʸʱȶλǿɾ̫ˡ

ЩСţȫָһεĹõԴ

ջѡֻվλȴպڵӪԲ࣬ҪһȻǴԾ뿪

*

ҰڶթĶʱԲһҲԴ

Ȼ˶̣ڣ嵽ǰǸǰʲôץʱ䲼һԼƿƬֻҪʱȫˡ

Ŀⴥ󣬺ܿ뵽һʵ󷨡

Ӱ

ҲһܹģӰþɴ˴ӵĴȺֻҪͻᱻ࣬ͳ⣬ֵܵһʱ

ȵҰϵĽײƣڳ֣ǾͿأٲˣ

վ̶̵лתƣܼķٶ𣬺ܿһöµӱ

ʱѾ˻˼ˡ

ҾֻǽֵĿŽԲĶ֣ͣһӾͱ

ѣͣͿˣЩ˼ֻýԲյ蹦̳̣Щ̫ˡ

Ҳûʲôõİ취ˣ

Բûлشֻķλ£Ǵһϵ֪뷨ǶԵģٴȡöʯʼ̣

ˡ

һſµ󱻷ֱӳֵΧ

һտɫ·һھŵʱԲڵʮˣʱһƬ͸֮У

ɣ




89.  89 ѹ12   ʯӽ

ƺƴİȺڴӵƽ߾ͷǰ

ǰŸҺջλ, ڸΪǿǰѻɢֻʣֻȰĸħԸ

ɽԲӰǸħųζԴڼ, ȴִԭ·˳ȥ, ûҵԲһ˵ڣ

ڵĵڷҰʣ, һƬͱĳ֮س

ǧպ󣬰Ҳ˵˷Ұӵϣ۸ն, ӭ᧿ΣĺӰ, г

ţ

ǧյ˲ƳյǰİȺȺȥ

䡪

಻ıըںӰ𣬾ǧ, ԭ᧿ΣĺӰȹԭڵİҲըͣһ˲, ˳˰ȫ룡

Բǵʮ˻Ӱ, һֻһֻİһʹɷƮ, Ƭ̺ãת𴦡

Բ²ͣ, һĴʯʴˣ滻µģֱֱӴҪۣ

վ󣬿ŽԲǶųȴȻͣ£ֻЩ˶Щ̫ܡ

Լϲеҩơ
λܲܰѹڽһ, Ҳ÷ʯάһһ̣

Բ¶΢ͣҲܾ, ֻ
ǵòҪһȥͶϿñɷʴ鷳

ѷģ
ڵͷûвǶ侲ԼʼСĻ۴ķʯ

Ӱ⣬ۻָǰڵͷըɰô׾ͱը˵ģοһֻֻ

ʱȥȺͷĵɫҲףҰٴ᧿ΣĲ

۶ɫˡ

ֻΪֹҲֻɱĸµĻڷ񳯷ҰӵĻײ

ԣĿһ䡣

ǽԲһڵλãȥİƬ̾¶ӰӦҲȫ˰ɣ

־һ壬û뵽ԼȻҲڡФ롱Բˡ

ɺֹţ

ѾеСֹˡ

ʦ֣ʦʦǺ񻹺úõġ
ǰҲ취һĸԻ󷨣Ҳû˰ɣ
ǸԲոʨӴ󿪿ڣвţڿڣǴԼô



˻ǲĵһ䡣
ҲûʨӴ󿪿ڰĸԻϵãͳڹϣһƷ鵤ˣһƷ鵤мҲֵƷʯʨӴ󿪿ˣǡ

ǲԸͷˡ

˶Σʶࡣ

۶Ǵַİȫ֮أҧ˼ջǸָսĳϷžѯʴõİ취

ǱǰܾԲ飬֪ǧӳֶ޷񳱺ԥ󣬾ȻӦˡ

׼ţ۲Ծһ԰һ䡣
ѣҰǶʮ޵Ĺؼߣǳ˼ǹҲòΪۣڹԸ³ɼ򽭵ѹе󣡡



ӰڣǺһڵ뿴һõĽԲ

ԲöӰ֪꣬ĻۺĻֿͣǡ
ѣûɣԸʯˣ

ǿŽԲΪ̷ʯҲò԰׵գ֪ģðһɺ⡣

Ц⣬ôɭ

ʶЩԼ˿̺ͽԲһģ˵ͷ
ǰȺ̫£ҰӰŲסˣǴԼˡ

͵һģһ

ֻγģڵĹǡ

룬һ䣬ѣΪѾð˹ǣһۻЩһöϵļ۸ҲͰ۸Ӧˣº¶Ҳ˵

ԲȻĵ˵ͷ
ԭˣǾġ

תͷ𳬼԰ȵĽһڵ޺
һöмƷʯҾһö׼ʯӹҰӽȥ

⣬ֱӾʹϽһɫʯ԰ɳȥ

ʯӱų˷ΧԲҲȡԼһöӰ󣬳˹ȥ

꣬Ǻ֪Ŀ򽭰Բȷϵѣˡһö

ʮڵλÿɾҪöӰ󰡣

ϽԲȴǳ侲ĵ˵ͷ˵ģһöû

ûɡ

ǿɬҰڵޡ

ӵһöʯļȻҲѿҲһƷʯӰʯļ۸ˡ

ûʵĳԲһ䣬ѣһöӰ𣿡

ԲͷҲһ䣬һöȻֻһö˵ˣһֽǮһֽû



һƬž쳹ڷҰӰһ˲䣬Ⱥ·ͣһ˲

ˡ

һѣҪӰ߶Ӱ󣬲ֻһö

ԲҲصôڵĵӣǿ̰ҲǶˣһ˵

ۿһڵĵӣӰʯݹȥ

ʦã㿴ʯ

ڵʦýӹʯһɫӲĻصʦ֣ʯǶûȻԿ̣һʱҲû̳һ飬·߾Ҫȣǿˡ

ĬȻˡ

ȼһ󱻽Բƭŭ𣬿ϣУ򶼻ˣѵҪͣ

ͣ

ģĵӵʯӽ

*

һöһӣ˾ʮſ飬󽭰Բ̵ľڵļһҲǮ͵վȵ

ʮöӰʯºȺ㲻ѹŷҰ߷񹥻ǰһܿãųұ

ΣۿļֻҲתƮԶڸ˵¶Σڸߺһ

ʦ֣ɢˣſǽȥ

۳ͷʾһ׼ãϿ˸һݹĿӣʮλͬʦܽ

ҲŽȥˡ

ȴһգŤͷһĽԲȻû

󷨾Ҫ˺ϣʶҪͣȴа׷һǽԲž
ѣҲ°ȲǽȥˣȥΧתת

ԲȻԼһˣ

ǴſҰӶ԰

ӰѾֺϣ԰ֻŰµĸʴۼ˿ҲǸӰ䡣

Ҫȴһ۵ıȡ
Բƭǰȡ󴫳ں󣬼̼ýԲ

һڸսΣĵǶסˡ

ʶǿ

տҲ

Բˣ

ƭôǮӲйˣ⸽סлܣ

Ǵӣһ

һ

Բû֪




90.  90 ѹ13   

ǼڵڵӹӲŵĴѰԲ, һ
ڽǰãгһջش֮һҩڻһҫ, ֵһֱܶ, ɽ֮뷨ͱˡ

ڵĸ, ӹʼѾˣ

ֻһ˲˱ȴһŴ

ȻǽԲµģЩ, Ҳжˡ

ǿ, ǰһӲڵӣһ
ڣȻҪĿ֮, һ޹ɢǿЦɺޣ

ᣬĴ, ԭѰԲһڵӶ۴ƵĳǶ˹

ǲŲǡ

Ӱʯȡ, ֱӴ߶ڿͶŷһĻĻΡ

ӹȡҺڲ, ϮҰӻ, һ᧿ΣԹ˲ϾԲСԵɼΣķš

ɫĴӿн£һǵҪ
ǸԲһģҲв𣿡

q(s^t)rһ, ΪڵĴʦ֣ʦֵҲͰˣȻԩ޹Ӱʯڵ, ѾʱţΧĻش÷ֹݶѾյϢǷֱϣһ֮סǵ棬ҲҪһ֮󣬻վŶˣһش£ӽΪˣڮ٣

ԣ
ʦ˵öԣ

ڴʱһֱųԻĻش۵ͻȻֳΣ׷׹վ󣬸

ȻҲʮޣֱ࣬ʹɱֱǣɼ۸ͷͿڵķڵΪǵĻͷӶﻰⶼ̸ŽԲ¡



ֻڵĵ޻˵˿ڵŶڴ˴û취סÿһ졣

ȻȷʹȺͽԲڷʯɽԲҲȷǵǮ˹ǵ档

󴫳һ¡

£꣡

в֮ɫתǽŰɱ˼ѹת̧
ͣ°ɣȻδ壬ͨջأ

ĳۿһۣҲеӰʯջأתʦʦ뿪

˺һǲֹһ䡣
ʦ㣬ԭʱʱӰʯ¼ΪֹؼʱóһΪ

ΪʲôƳһۣѾָֻǸںڵʦģ

ûʲôǰ̬ڰ
ΪʦΪ½׵֤ݣԷ״شü۸ء

*

һߣԲ뿪ҰӰߺͶݻ˸ղŻ޺ɷֵĵطɴ˴ɷѾȫŵĻҲˡ

Ͼֻֻε˺ҧɢİнһϵĸʴۼ

ɳһžѯʻǰ䣬ɰ׹ԭƮƮȻĿ궼ûѰֱɢޡ

ԷڷԲڣֻߣž

Բһֱ˿̲ȷ롣

ǰˡ

ܣѰ˸ɽӰ

ǸԺ󣬷Բǧ֮ض˵ޣѰƧҲȻΧİҲܿ£ܱЩթĵҪöĶࡣ

ȡʢװŸҺƿӣ׼Ȱˡ

̼ƮлҡڣˣԤУһƿӸҺҾܻγˣ

˵߻ƳһƬԼ£ޱԺͽ

Բ͵Ц£ϽʼҺ

ҺĴºܿζɢȴڵõķ

Ŷĸһ˵һΡ

̡

Ϥĸʴٶȴ·ɴ»һĴߡ

ԭϺɫĻƱغᣬǹɺɫһ·δڣջ㼯ɸֵȦײ

ԲһֱΪϵĺɫ⣬û뵽Һ£δԤϰ㱻ȥǰԼѡ˸λöڵײ

˵ʦʱ˵Ļ

˵éɽĳλǰõķ

͡

Բ뵽ղŻö˶˵ͻȻӱԵһ⣬Բڡžડ¶λεĿӡ



ʦںЦ

ԲֵƬ̣ϱʴü󣬲ٴεθҺȥ





ŸҺ룬ϲƬ䣬ԭԲĴ©磬ӿ

ף

⣬ԲŴһ

ôЩ죿

Ȼ۾

ǰɣ

Բס˼սиҺεϡ

ڳ¶ݡ

οյͼѣһлɢ⣬ԲĽһ

ͼϣյ״㵵۾

һ䡭ѩ

һѩ·Ϊֵͼ

ѩһĺͷ֦ȴÿһɢ·ֶۼ

ѲȻһ



ԲǸͼȡϷڷ

ڷһӦ

[лѪΪɱ󣬷Ļ壬ΪΣǹԿɱ׼߷ӡڣǧ겻ɽ⡣]

žડ

Բһɣ˵ϡ

*

ڣͬΪ׵ĴΧһ¡

ȻȺѾӰʱڷҰ⣬ǲδɢȥ

Բǧĵ޶ΧڹµĹкɢУʵͷۡ

ͬһö˸˸źԤԤʯɱ֮⡣
λգΧİȺȴֳٳɢ˴εĹڹĹؽҲӽȥΣ

ǧִһѰƴĳ̾һȺôΧôöɢȥѵǸҺ֮Ѿζɢˣﳤϣܾô˼仹ʲôδ⣬ðȻǲס

ͬɫ˼֣ǧ¶ۼƳۣʣ˵ڵŶÿһ顣

ǧȡһɫף߶ڿͶһ󣬡λ뿴ָţȪλǧһԣһҲԣǡ

ڵң㵽ӵò˵ʱ壿

ˣͬɫ

˲ۿˡ

ʱ岻ǧǰͱӡ𣿰յԣӦѾлĥ˲Ŷԣô𣿡

ɷΪӵص׸ǣòҪʲôٰɣ

ǹʱ壬ҵùֳһ¿УЩСС֣ҲõǿĽ֮ʱΣ



ͬɫصĿʼŴ֮ʱˣq(s^t)rȴԵٴοڵ
λҲ̫ˣվֻԤףʱδزɸı䡣չǵĲtڵ˵ʬɽĻħѾ·˻صɽϣΪʱĸ׼ǲͷʬɽУЩСնɱ֮࣬Ҳǿ·̽

ͬ仰ϣǧ͹ңһۣӶԷпЩ֮ͬɫ

ͬ˼ǰɢСȥʬɽδ̡̫

Ƕ֮ȴû˵

ɢСȥ̽Ǿ͵ڵĵȥ

ʬɽδһأºŴȸδڵĵλҪӰ졭

˼󣬶δԡ

ͬЦһ׼뿪ȻҶûˣ¾ô£λȻȥ׼ҩöӡˣϣĹܿЩʵѪҺڡ




91.  91 1   ԲҵС

³, פڱɽﴦĹϿոա

̶գڷԲǧĵǱ㾭ɷ֡ޱƳǡŰΧµȼ˾Ĺ

ɼˣյĵһ, Ϊ׵, ʽ˹ĿĻ

ⳡһ, ÿֻ£ɢɣԿɱ

ڿʮ, ڵԼһöԼŵӡ, ڹµĹС

вܹʮպʱѰɻùܻĹؼ

ֱܻƷ, ͬʱ

һ£ȵҩؼΪӳɵܹ֮, ɢС, øָؼնɱٰٸʮϵΪؼƷֵ

ĩһɸѡ, ֻǰʮڵŲſɹء

йʱ, ֻһܽڶɾɸȥֻһЩпɣҲš

ɽΪΧȻܶԼ̫ɽɱĹ䶯Щ, 涨ڵһĩÿűҪɱһֻټնɱֽܷǰʮ, ء

*

һɢڵɢСǶʼ֡

ʵΪɱһֻ̫ˣ

ȻҰӶ԰ֳɵİ֣ҲҪ㹻ıɱа

ֻһ˱

һջڣɽƽƮڰգʦʦãɫһɡ

ʦֶƲŴĹ̲ס̾һλμӹСʦõڻûʦʦҲŸոɹԭȥϻһضǵޣѾⱩ¶¶ˡ

ʦڹҲҡҡͷҪ˵μҲУ֣ԴҲһ˳˳ˮôһȥһǿǻˣ

ʦ˪ʦѩһۣеĿ֡

Ҳãʱ򣬷ȽϺá

ʦһĳһʦʦ㣬ôСʦ㻹ҪС˰һ˾ڰȺεأǲҪɱһֻк;£Сʦ֮ǰ˵ˣΪ׼˵ǱԺһѾɱһֻˣ

һΪΪߵĻӤڣ𽭰ԲȴԲһĴˡ

һ䣬˵ʱ⻰Ҳԣжһ˿Ѫ֡

һ·ͬĶ࣬תΪ޵ɽƽܹͨĳ˪ͳѩڿ˾ڹš֫һ

éɽڣЩִѹȻǿͦ˹

ѵҪΪһֹֻסȥ·

ʦɽƽһ
Ȼˣǻǰյľȥɡ

ʦ˪ɫǰ᲻͸ȥһһγѡǷؼӳɣλѡСʦڣҪȻֱѡΪӳɣ

Ҷûзԣöǰı

*

û뵽һֻȻסССɵĽŲȴҲɡ

Щéɽڶ磬ֻˣҲѡˡ

һվڶǰ棬ǰһͷŮޣŸСһҧ䡣
ʦܣȸղ˵Ҳ˰ɣϼҴڵ˰

һһʾ˵ģô

ϧǰСѾˣͷһۣq(s^t)rŻ굤ڣ۸ֵˣë²Ρ

ëĶ񣺡

СĿⴥһŭĿʱתΪϲһ
ѣ㲻ɢôҲμӹˣ

СδĻء

һεЦһָָɫõĶȻΪҰʦ˰λҵʦ֣λҵĶʦ㣬ʦ㣬ʦ֣ʦ֡

۾ȥûסЦˡ
ѣȻСʦܣȴΪߣ

ֻһ仰öڶɫ졣

֪ǿɲԸʦʦģǱȣ

һһԸԼŵ棬ѵ
Ƶԣ⼸λʦʦΪȴ򵥵ģСʦһǸ֮

˵ջ˴Ĵָ

գգ۾Ҳþգֻʶ䣬㻹иСʦ㣿Ķأ

ڵ԰ڵʱһϵéɽڵһ˦΢΢̧ԴĵƵѻ֪ɣҰǽڵéɽڣԲҵСʦ㣡



ػŴ͡

үүڽĿͶ˶ˡ

Բһ֮ڷҰӰӰ¶ʹ˹С

񿴵йصţֹҲĿͶ˹

ɳ˻ؾȵĿ⣬жһɱλεķ

һ֪ԼЩ¶ˣ˼˺ϵĵڵ˺¡

һһʮţ

ʱĵ޺éɽŶӵĺƣһͶӦȥ

˵ֶдºǵƳһͶһ۵ڵȵԲˣ

˵վ;ٳɫӣչ¹أԶɽϵĵޣøؼΪŵļƷּӳɣ

һһ㶣δһ͵Ļؾͺһʲô¹ôû˵ⲻ˫ô

ǵеĿ˻һ۵Ѳ㱨󷨼ҲǶɽйصĴУ

ػһת⣬ȻǣôʶʲôɽڵĴܣ

ǵתͷƳһ˵
Ǳ󷨼ܣܵŹصļƷֵҪʹʣµҩѡһɡ

žԽԲµĽ˼ԲڷҰڲ߹ǾʮŸƷʯġʷһڵļ˶Ǻûз

ѡ˵޼ӳ

޵ļӳҩһɱɱĹͷƷֶҪֵ֮һ㡣

˾ܽԲҲڣֻҪˮ֮һֵˡ

éɽڳ˾ڹţʦѩЩ֮һΪţʵҲЩʤ㡣

˸˼ƷֵĹͷֱɢȥѰɢӡ

ػһ󣬼ǼֱӾҪߣæһס
ѣȵȣ

һЩżƵѣʲôµӡҳԺҲһ

ǹڹĻϢظϽһ䡣

һͣ½Ų벻ƵѻЩڲϢղĳˣ

زںһ£ֻ΢üͷΪʲôҪȥӡԲѵûöӡͱڶڵСˣһ͵ڶѾڶˣѵǸøϽ׼ȥɱһͷ𣿡

һ

ֲõСʦʦʦĵ˵Ҫ¹ͷʱɫֵֹģȰøľͺܺˣԭΪ

ֻǣСʦ᲻̫͹Լˣ




92.  92 2   Ծ

ҰӰ, һ󱣻ŵĶѨڣԲѾſϷá

˸Һɱһһο

΢ɫο·ЮڿУ, ˸˸

ɽԲĿȴʼϷ, ˫һԹ۾ʢһΪĵĺۼ

Ͽӡľл󲢷, ȷһӡ

ǰϵĺɫ·ӦΪ˱ݡ

ҺʳʣҲ佫ϵĽƽ⿪, ¶ʵģ

˼ԼĻ״, Բʲô֪ģ

ºһΪ˷ӡĳڡ

лǰ

ǰһֱ, 𣿡Բ

ϹâԾԭľͷͻȻ, ῿Բ, ֱϷ˷
˱, Ѿߵ, ٺˡ

ԲһڽϷ𣬡˵öԣǰѾˣҲҶ룬Ҳǰ, ֮Ҫǰġ

һҹĵϢԲѾٶȷӯ̷ķѵ, ɫŲ԰ף˫۾Ѿٴʢԡ

ֻߵڣǰŨܵоͻȻڳɫ԰üӣֱֱ˹

ԲȡӰķʯӳʶҪʯǶȥ

ɴ˫Ϲ˵۾Īĳһ·ڲŽʯ·£ٶȼӰ

˶һʯӵ״

ӳȾسתһȦɨ淢û˺̳ڴת

Ӱ⣬ܿĿɷĵޡ

أĶˣ

һϹӻô죬Ĺز¶

ϸңвмȻ޷ɾۼ˵Ͳڸˣ

һǿҲ֪ϹӲʲôʺˣȻܻɱһֻĩǾȹˣ

ɢܿĴѰ

һ굤ڵ⣬ȴӰĻþԻ󣬺ܿת˳ȥ

Ϲ۵Щɻ󣬽һǰ֮󣬶ſʵ
ڿǻԵĵޣ

Բûֻ漸ֳĳ׷Ϲȥʧ󣬽ڵķʯˣֱ뿪

ɵۼ޷أ˵ʵѾ軳ɡ

Ϲ۵޷ãδȵԷ˵жֻڴ󷨱˾ͳš

Ȼˣ

ܹصĹѡˣ

Ϲ۵ԭãŶڽ뿪

վͻĳתеֱֱָһյأȵ

Բˡ

ЩŵĿ˿Լ⣬ȷСʯӺ¶ǵָŵģȷԼλã

ûлӦֱӳڵλûһ

Բ㿪ǵȵôҵģҵڵĵ޶׷֡

Ϲ۵Ǹɡɫ΢ɣʧĿЩѵȻȴһ㣬ǾǷԼζ㻯ʯӣȻŲ˸ʯӵζȴûб仯ϳ

Բһ㣬Ȼʣԭһ㣡Ϊ˽ʡֻŲƷ⣬ȴתϢˣֻΣ

ȹȡ̵ͷʯʼп̡

Ϲ۵ӡ΢΢𣬡Ҳµûλһ֮ĶҰذ󷨣ֻΪ󷨹šĽԲѰɣ

Բûлشֻڿķʯ滻ϣٴοϹ۵޷ʵѣٿܷ𣿡

Ϲ۵ΧһĿıΪҡͷڳһȣطֲˣһ֪Ķ

ԣԲЩаֻԼһϽģͻȻϹ۵޴ݻˡ

Ϲ۵ָһ˽Բڡ

û©ˣΪʲôܷң

ΪѾڵһһľһʯһˣĴ٣һݾܲµõѵ䡣

ԭˡ

ĳЩʶȱˣȷĳЩı졣

⵹ĳԻ̲ãֻϹ۵ˣþЩ

ԭ򣬽ԲʰϵĶ뿪ˣλѣոǼ׷˵ѾʽˣͷʣĹʲô仯𣿡

Ϲ۵ĶҲųȥ
Ĺк겢̫ͬһһΣɸвɰջɱĶ٣ǰʮɼڶµıԡҾ£ܻϢӡԳųֱ𱻰źժáЩĹͬС죬ֻһ㲻ͬ

ԲɻĿʲôͬ

ǳ峺һ˲䣬ԲϹ۵޿м졣

˻񣬻صʵ

ǸİˣֻÿЩʳЩôˣ

Ϲ۵޻δԲߣƽȵļͣιʱֵΧǣ־þòɢԹԭĹعϼһǾǵһ½ʱʮҪնɱһֻɼɼ

Ҳ˵ͱҪɱһֻ

Բĵһ

ǾȻôûޣЩ޹ССȥʯһֻҪڵĵӺһĥˣССȥԸǲûӤϣǻڵ޲пô

ԽԽߣŭòŷӦԻŸˣĿתϹ۵޵䣬öϡ

Ϲ۵΢΢һЦĹƽ£Բ˻Ρ

ֻͨײһĺۼš

ɱһֻ
Բȳ

Ϲ۵޵Цŵ˵ͷ͵ʵҲɱãֻֻħһȺΧһֻΪЩħץˣҾץסһ£û뵽ɱ꣬ͱղǼ޵ķ֣űһ·׷ˡ

ԲĽĵɴ۾ðȻ㶼ɱ˻ϽȥΣյĵط

Ϲ۵΢΢һЦһҪҪȥ»ǻȥʱأΪ£Ӧǹİɣɱǲģպûһհ׵ģΪղŽѰæлɡ

ԲЦеĽӹ׵л

Ϲ۵޻ڵػ˳ڽӿڵʵΪ˶ģ

ϤĽڣϹ۵΢΢һ㶣

ԲͷڽͣǰһᵨСɱϧⶼչȥˣɹҲԣֻҪ֣ǻú¡

ͷһתҵǷһ£ǾȻܺ¹ֻ֣Ҫڣһ㶼ˣѾʼҵץʱȥҵʦˣѣûأ

Ϲ۵ԭأɫĪòѽҡʱá

û뵽òĵޣôͨܲǸڻҽɫɣ

Բ͵͵һ䣬뿪ѣˣһ˶Щ㣬ǾԼŻϰɣټˣ

δѾȻߣܿʧһƬ֮С

ʱ뿪Ǵãò̧ȡڸ۾

Ũڵ֮У˫۾ʵû⣬ֻȴһһڣƻˡ

аѭſеۼƮɸմʱ˫۾ͺƿʲôµĹٶߣ˿ͣ

ʱⲻյ񷶥ĺӰأ³һ
ӡǧ꣬ٹʱԾң硭㡣




93.  93 3   ֻΪ˺

ʼ, ɢСɶѾ½½ӳͣʼɢҰɱ

ԲѨ˲Ƭ̣üʱӵСš

һ˿䵥, ۴Ƶɨӹ, ȴû˸׷

ýԲЩʧ

ֱ۸˵еǱ۸ȥ, ͺˡ

ϧһ䵥Ůޣָָ㣬ЩԶԶƼ㿪

ԲԼ

ɴŸΪĺ, Ϊ˲ϳ, Ҳţһ˫۾ʵڲסֻƳһ, ÷ɿ졣

ͺ񡭡ϳһ

Բ˼ϵĳԻȡ¡

Ȼ, ȡ֮һŮٵʮ˶鳯Χ˹

Բ¶˷ܵס

û뵽, ˲ٵġ

λǽԲѣΪһüĿŮ޹Ҿ, ſھ͵˽Բݡ

ԲĬ, ٴδԼһ飬ѽˣǵôϳģ

ŮڴһЦСѣһ·Ҳɢɰɣѵû, ֻεӰֻһ𣿳˲°ΧǵĽѣΧ˭ҶԳУ

ԭ, Ϊ

Բˡ

þʦǻˣԸ⿿һɲ
л֪ȥѰʦˡ

ԲҾҪߣŮæˣԵȣҵȻͽ

Ůһڣ̾ͳɫʯӣԲݹ
ѣǷƷڵĵӣҲ˹ͬΪЩԻã۸ͰʮƷʯһףΣ



ΣԴϲ

Իգ۹̳ܿһף൱ʯ˭Ӷࣿ

Բл㱵ĺǷƷڵŮ޽ϡ

󻹾Щ㱡

ֻǮ̫ס

ʽԻ̣žͳƶֱӿˣ

ֱʡ̯λѣ۸񻹳⣬ǡˬ

ԲʱҵĿ꣡

ֱӽ۳¶éɽڵɣλεĸԼϵ崮Ի̣ȡڸӦĶ˶ȥĶ

û뵽ϵĺãֻһȦȥʮ׳Ի̣תǧƷʯ

ԲﻹŴӹһĳɫʯӣСɽһֻĻŭţѹˣ

Ǯ̫Ҹˣ

*

ڽԲĴ߿ʱҲһмܵĵ޿ҰӰΧɢ˿

ϢԲڸԻ̣Χĵ޻࣬ץ˵ľʱ㣬ȱ𼱣ҪһУǽԲĳԻ경ٶ̫죬һҳҲס

ʦ֣İɣһôķԸ

*

һߣʲô֪ĽԲһңʱĹѾ˽ǧ׳Ի̣

һʱ¿̳򵥣ڲ׬Ժֻᱻ׬ɴҲץˣһ߿һ

һٶʮһٶʮġŵֵʯӣԲ·˿û̷ײһ˺ϡ

ֻ̧ͷһۣ
ʯѣô⸽ε

Բ˵ıպãһֻʶȡҪƹȥ˭֪ն֣ʯȻӳһڡ

ۣ

ֻһ£ͱʯ۴ˣ

Բһ־ˡ

һ·Ҳٵһⶼ÷ӳ֣żҲһֻʵӴġ

ֻʯֻӻӾͽһֻʮݵ

̬һʣɽǡ˵ĺÿ

ʯתǻŵЦݣ˿ûнĳɫڵԳֹջ

ĵѣרġ

Բջ͵Ŀ⣬ȷż֣ңѵҲ򳬼Ի̣

ʯԲһǮȶȤҪϲ٣йЩǵǣ뽭ѰæһӰɱֻ

ڣ·Ҫɱֻֻʮݵǰ

ȻǮģɽԲͬᵽºܸȤѣ㵱а취ܻɱ

Ȼ

Բ˫ĴӽȡһӰ󣬺ٺٺٵĿʯѣ¶мƷʯ㣬ܲøһֻ

ʯЦݲȻʹĵͷ
Ȼԣĳռˡ

Ǿô˵ˣ

*

˺ܿݵҰһɽۣɽϵĸߣ˲١

ԲʯָʾӰɽһ࣬˱һʯͷȴ

ΪλխԲܾʯϵζһɹɵĳڣûסֱӴ硣

磡

ʯοɼһͷѣϲϵζ

ζǹڽʢеҹ㣬ôˣ

Բͷ۾΢ĵͷ벻ҲǸˣǹҩʮƷʯһҹɣζͦŵģһֱҩҩŵģĶš̫

飬ʲô̫Ũζϲҹζǲ̫ŨЩ

ʯɫ¶ۼĽϵζȥԲȷƽסĸ첲һ䣬ˡ

ԲҪ䵽˸첲ϵע̱תǰ

ֻӰ⣬ֻȻ

һֻð⣬Ǽ䳣ģ

һֻȴ

ףѣΪʲôܻεĺ޼һ

һֻȻҲðź¶⣬ɢ¶ݾȻǸģ

ʯ俴ŰΪǻ޼£ǧֻɡͨİΪ£ЩѾǣҪԴ

ԲİʶʯֿЩ

ʯŽԲĸ첲ΪԽԽϢڣԲϵƷ굤ҲתıǼ⡣

еĺɫתȻͱץ˸ţ

д˴ܣĸоԲϵϢҲʲôһ𻺻תЩʲôӡ

ɻֹһ
ˣ˵Ļ˻Լָ𣿡

ҪǸܺ

ֲɵܿͷӦԲĻ˲ԼڻָΪߵʯ

عͱˣֱӾһȥƭӣȻˣ

ɺ޶֮ǰԼ˵ʵֻܴʱ壬һٿ

ðջˣ㲻⣡

ôãҪѪ֮𣿡

ſˣ

ʱ壨ʯĳһ䣬üɫ΢ڻһ䡣

Ѫ֮ô֪ģ

Եĵ֪ģ֪ˣѷӡһ£Ϊ֪𣿨q(s^t)rӦάֲ˶ðɣ벻Ϊ˺ˡȻûޣ

ʱ壨ʯԶеķֻ̣΢΢Ť򽭰Բ

ԭѾ֪ô

ɿڵӣƺ޷ӦҲں

Բʱһۡ

˫ǳ۾һĴɣԴİˡҲǴΡ

ֵĽԲĵѣôʼɱ

ʱ壺




94.  94 4   ͨһĺù󡭡

Ӱ, еֻƬ̺Ϳʼɱ

İȷǿ󣬽һֻƵýڽںˡ
ɱܵļӳ£һץסлԾ, һ߾ôһЩǰ

бƵһֻܿȱ, ˼ʱʯڽԲ

, ھõոʱ

ԲӷĶ䣬ʶʯܿЩ룬ŴųԻ̳У

һ, ;׼ޱȵĽֻҪİͷ£

Ŀհ׹ԸԳĶһɫıǣ

Ҳս, ܣͳǰҧȥҪսƷ, һһϣȴֻҧһŴζĶ



𣡡

ʶΧԵĸ, ͿʼĳϮ

ĳһҹ֮, ʯ, Բٴε˵ͷ

Բ̽󷨽ҿһ, Žȥһֻ

ڶֻҲˣʯڳϣ
ȴǳֻҪȥǳһֻ

ĽԲ̲ס߬

̫ˣ

ȻֻҲ¶ƣ̬սȻǿ󣬾ǽԲԼҲֱӳȥ

û뵽ʯȥ֮䷭һ˦˦һң

䣡
رһɿ˲佫ξ, ºݺһ˦

䵽һ󣬽Բ̲סĴųվ޳
, Ư

˧

û뵽ʱ򱻽Բ佱ʯ΢ͣЦŵͷʾ⡣

ɽԲעȴѾתƣ˱һε
ѣô仯

ڸոգֻʯڵȻɢȥΣ˸ͨİģ

־㱣̬ȣֻʼֻ֪·ڣ

ʯûٲתͷһֻһɺڶվֹһֻһΧǵֻ

ֻܽΪ᲻Һ󻹻ĳǶ

Ϊ£Ϊʱļ䣬ˣҲҵӻȥ

*

ڸյĹһڣʱһҩץһ־Ѿĵǿιҩ

ǵҩֻжɢŵĸʴϢһѪ죬һ㴿ڡ

ڵҩ븹̱Ӹڶڳһɷ÷ʳҩԽ

һʱ֮ҶǳҰһĺ

ĳһ̹иμĵ̲סҩʼڶɢɫ

ҩ޼״̺˰벽סϢʾ˽ӳȥ

Ƭ̹Ҳͬ˳ȥ

˼ʵʮ޾ֻʣģҲҲȥˡ

Ϊ׵ҩ޼״ҡҡͷѾµĵܽҩᴿɹƱػᱻ˷ֶߣʱĲ࣬ʣµƷֻ췣ʬټˡ

Ըһҩںһָ۵Ļڵޡ

ǵ޲δͷѪֻۣʵ⣬ˣ

⹧ĳҾĿɥҡҡͷ

ﳤϣܣһ궼δƳɷҩ

ͬüɫ˳ֻʣµʱˣ޷Ƴɷҩ³㶮á

⽩żӦǰɢȥŲΡΡ̧ͷ

һҩ޶ͣĴһŸʲôϽȥҩһҾͲˣôɢޣԲɷҩı

*

Щ˵ڰеӺޣ

ԲʯͲһȭͷҪϢŵԷˡ

ǹϤƷ굤ζٶȿʯԾ򴽽ǡ

ɻûηӦԲűӳ˿
ѣôйֵζ

ʯһ㶣ͷᣬⲻֵζĶҲ֪ΪΣմȾ֮ܲˣֻܵƬ̺ɢȥ

ԭƬ̣ɽİͶЩͨĻɫɱҲɱԲѾ˴ԸɱһֻٴκʯǣȥѰʦˡ

*

ڽԲߺƬ̣ʱ壨ʯתһŵ

е۾û˲ڵһһڣˡ

ΧתһȦܿѰ׷ٹȥ

벻ǧȥȻûɷıΪϵĵ޶һܹɹޣסô

Ц

*

Բ뿪󣬺ܿͷֲֹʯѧɱͨķӡ

ڷʵԼγֻ֣ҪֻɱͽԲӰ
ԽԽɣʼѰ©ؾ

Щ޿УԲ֪տʼһգѾʮųɹɱһֻ



ԲĬĬʯŷֻԼ֪ǵºͱ˱

ɷɱҲУɱŰɱ޵Ĵھ£ֻѡ񡭡󷨡

Ұһս󣬵񲻹գ׬ʯһǧƷʯѾĶʯȴܾáʲô

ҪĳͲ֪Ƕȥˣԭ򵥵ıı˷룬УҲƺűиҪá

Բδɻ󣬱һδĻϮ

Բ
Сʦã
Сʦ㣡



ʦʦǣ

ľͻȻͱů⣬ϲת

߾ͷȻϤΡ

Ϊ׵ٶʦ˾ʦֶ񣬽Ƕʦ˪ʦѩ

ʦڹŵŴӿ󣬺һŷţԶˡ

ԲɫһЩۣ㻶˼ˡ
ʦʦ㣡СʦܣҺǰ

éɽڼڽԲΧ

ʦ˪Կ˰ѽԲԴٳһǻ͵͵žʯǺң

Ǹʱ򽭰ԲڶѨΪ˲¶⽫žʯصʯԼһȥץڲ¡

æžʯ

գ۹򣬱мʮžɴڶ

ʦʦǵģĸϢž֮⣬Сǡأ

ڵ֪éɽڱԺ󣬷׷Ըץ֡
⼸˵žԲֿ졣

ʦѩԲžǸĸһԲʦҪ˵Բ֮ǰ˼ᣬʦˡ

ʦ˪״ҲɿԲǷһ񣬡СʦãҲҪ˵ԲҲ͵͵㣬ҲΪһЩʵ֤ݾͻݣģԲ𡣡

ʣ¼ҲΧ׷׵ǸɫϿҶֿ޶ԽԲĸҺͽ⡣

Բ۽΢죬ֱ˿̣ķҹ¡

ҲǷͬʦżһ񣬡ʦʦ㣬Ҳдҷ±ǣҲȷʵ

˵ˡʦѩǰȥ۽ǵΣԲéɽڵʱʦ˵Ժéɽھǵļңϸû£պǿڲҪ϶ˣʲôʱǶٻ㣬ٹˣʦԸչͨõģ˼ҡ

Բס͡
ʦ˵ˣͨһĺùģ




95.  95 5   ǡף

⿪֮, Բŵ֪˹֮󣬹Ҳ, ̧éɽڲμӹ

ԭ˶ѡҩؼ, éɽϾֻѡࡣ

һؼŶԸѡķ

һСͬʱͨҩȼ, 㾫ͨĳɼҲҪ֮һ㣬㡣

㿿ŵ༼ڹǰ, ܱȥ֮һĵڽ޵, ԴҲĴϵ£ڶࡣ

ֳֺõѡÿ궼Ǳ, ȥѡ

֪éɽھȻѡõ˵ʦʦ߸û, ֪ССҲ̾, éɽߵͷˡ

Բüͷ, һصܽᡣ

ʦʦ, ǵ˼˵ĩʱǰʮҪɱֻֻͨ

ʦʦ㶼סˣһɵͷ, ǰСʦ㣬һֻܵˣֱֻǲսʤҸղžȰ, ҪȻɴˣǣȣҲȱԴԺμӣȻ׵øͷ

һͨ˵ŻζԲĻ˼㣿

ʦֶ˵˴ҵԲòа취ɣ

Բŵͷڻеһö

ͷĨɫӡһ¶㷢ӨӨ󣬿ɲŻɱһֻ

λͬ͵ıԲգգ۾һЦ
ʦʦǣѵ֪ҪɱֻҪ㹻𣿡

ȡ׳Ի̺Ӱ󣬷ָˣһһ÷

ԭŵĶ񼸸֮һ˫˫۾ٴҸȼ

ʦ˪ʦѩһۣ׷ȭҸоõһˣ

ǰʦ㣬ǵĸߴﻤףõˣ

ھȥ԰ɣСʦò˵Ѿкܶŷ©ˣøϽ֮ǰɱ㹻

һ껥ӣͷ

ߣ

*

ԲΪĶһ·ѡ

ʦ˪ʦѩϰʦһһȥ

ʦ˾ʦڹһϡ

Ȼ·ѾвٵúͽԲΧ°

ԭһֻͷ۲ѵĴڣһ㲻ϵСȻµ·ӣһֻֻԱնɱ

Բͷ̣ͶѰһɽºҪ󣬻ȥ

ɽ½ɣŶ̶̼գԲͷԼѾϰյѹַΧ

һûȳƣͻȻϮһ⣬հںõӰͱǿƿ

ѾѸתһ𽣣ϳڴʦּ۵ķ

һվٴϣж׹תпշɳʮžȥ

Բüģµǹˣq(s^t)rһһɢڿС

ۣڣǹǵһù

ޣ۵ڶҲ˸գ

Ҳشֱֻԭغݺݲ£ת˲ڷԲʮ֮ؼһϣŶǰĵ

ԲҪЮǣΪǻʹգǧҲһ󴫳ҪЮǣǱλɽڳһ·׷ɱˣΪܶãڣֻһ㸶ۣ

д˽Բģģȴ˿ûк£Ǿһ
ףۣ˼ǣһģ

ۣ

⻰䣬ٿһһҸճ۴

οյĻڿԼԼһѩۼۻƬ̣Ҫٽػ;ķ֣ԼȻסˣ

Ϣ֮ŻָѾˡ

ԲһĲ䣬һȻ䡣

Բȴʼնδ

ۺôǻӤڣ治ŵҪٽ˹ȥɲȴĴѪ֮ϡ

ԲںֳȴûסڣƮһߡ
ۣⱾ¿һ㣬ʦɽܴΣһӤڣ㹻ˣ

ͬĻգ۾ͱžž죬˺ڣ˺죬ԥǲҪֱӳʱԲȴͻȻɽ¶£߲

ֻһв

ۣ鷳һΣҲͣˡ

Ȼʹɱֵ֣ʦֶɸ˰һ𣬱á

˵ҲЦвȻĶӵ׳֮ԡ

ⳤٻУֻ߶ķʯйߣ֪ͨΧŵӡ

ԲڷҰ򶫾ŰﴦȲҪݾߣϺ׼þɱ󣡡

*

Բٶߺûþ͹Ȼ˸ŰĶֱڸ·ʯ͸ž

ֻڣС˼۵ı
ʦ֣Υ˼һ׽ңһԻ̴ãβǣҴⱻ׽ס˵ʲôı

һżˣۿһļѡˣֶ˵ãⱻץһ¶զ죿Уǻ׵ķӣ̫Σˣ

Բֱֲ˵Լ̽һ̽࣬ԭżĶ˶ţҪȰʦ֣ΧٿʮӰͶΧ

Ǽۣ

ȻδģټͬŹһץˣ

Բ̸ʹɫһƱ㽫֮˳ȥ

Ǵļ޻Ҫֵģû뵽ȴֻиӰ

ոջڴ˴Ķ񣬾Ȼˣ

Բ״һΧˡ
벻ֿͨ죬Ȼ붯ںڵĵޡ

Ҳ飬ųɱף֪ѣϧ·ԻȴԻ
ڵķʡڵ̺̣һӾͱ¶ݡ

˶룬Ҳݱ¶ˣǰȥ׷ܵĶָֽ򽭰Բ֮

ԲھͽǵǧƷʯ黹ߵ󴫳УҲһ˻ȫʬ

Բq(s^t)rһһӱ㽫Լڸ׵ԭͷڣ۲м̧̧°͡
԰ܲҸȫʬ

۴أֱӾٽʹ̣ͼڵıһ̴

һڵʦźϣҲ֪ǲûüͳڣż۳˹ȥ

ˣ

ǡ

۵ⳤںݺ˽Բϣȴһ۶û£תһ˵ɫ˳ϣֱУ

ֻһ˲ʹɿⳤ


ǡף

ۿǵ׵֮˳һ·ۻ̧֣ƾȥ



ϱ֮ʹʹ飬۵ʱʹٿ򽭰ԲʱȻɱ⡣

Բܺãܺã׼󣡡




96.  96 6    㣬졭

ͬжĶʮںڵĵ߶з, ֻգ۹ʮѸĳ򽭰Բڣ

顪

鹥ҴڽԲС췣ϣȻû˵ȴϵ

Բü, ͻȻһ
ˣˣǲҪǮ, һعǣҺڳϵ£

۵ŭû, ԲѾзΧڵӶʶȴ

۵ĶϱۻѪ, һͨ, Ȼ뽫Բ͵նɱһ˶ڵػ

ۼֱҪըˡ
üŻӽʾͣ£һ˫۾Ƿ, ԲòΪǾܾɣ񲻽, Ҳ֮죡˹, 첻Ӧز飡

Բֺѣ

ɫĽ, ֱӷųݻ, ۣ㵽׻زعǣڲߣҿɾֱӶˣξ飡



ҲûҪشӪһԲϻݻвġ

ڵĶʮڵӶЩǳ鴤

ѹٶȷŭ, һ΢ֵޡ
¬ʦܣŷۣ

¬ĵæȡ, ܳ

ֻƬ̺һɰ˵ηз㸡˶ϡ

۵˼Ϊߵĵ޽ԲС췣̧ţ˱˷ۡ

ץˣ˶ʹ졣

*

ԲӻͷһۣоȻȷɻҪȵ١

С췣ת˸䣬Ǹʻ۵¬ޡ
¬ޣۼȵ˶ð

¬յɫټרĿۣӷֱʶͻһ䣬ꡣ

֪ԼȻںͽԲԻһ˫ð۾æֱŤ۾ֱǰ

òױһأõ£Ѱ

¬յŤͷԲĵתͷֶһٿƽ͵ĵޡ

ǵֻ۾ͷɿתͷ±һ

ԲֻܽĿתðļۡ
ۣ˰ӾȻȥǣϳǧƷʯķ۶磡

ֱӻһ䣬㶮ʲôǳ긡գھֻһԲŻôԶм۾ֵǧƷʯٶȱ᳣ķۿֹéɽڣǴδ˸߽׵ķ۰ɣ

Բ˿Ϊܵͷ
ûéɽܹɽͷһȥˡʦżˣ߹Զĵطſںͺɽˡôܶ𣿡

۲˵ˡ

ʶ˽Բ׻

*

Բ˼Σ˴ڵؿʼ˼

ǵֻһǺ͵ץʱ̽ܣҸܵŴ

ϣʦܻ㣬֪ͨʦǣ¶Ѿִˣʦһˡ

˳ϣܳǵġ

ԲڹڰοĻ΢΢һ

ȥǧѣٻ

ӦΨһһٶġˡ

Բ뵽ԺٿһŻ

¶ۼ̾һ

*

ǵںͳڶڳǶʻ˶򡢹СԽɽͣһֱƵķϡ

ǹǵĳݡ

۴ͷȥžƬ̱תݷɡ

ԲΥļͷչ⣬ȴû˼һůֻĵع۲ʱͨ󷨣ЩڵǽĿơ

ƺѣ취㵽һ顣

ջشǰ䣬ڵˡ

*

ȻڹǸնʱѾԶʶǵĺƴ󣬿ʱоȴֱ˺ܶࡣ

ʱɽĸߴ¥кȴīɫƷשʯΧƣĿԺڳһƬ
Įľޣÿǵ˶ɵĴǲ

ؽֺ̣ܵĿĸ¥Ҳ

ǻżɫҴĵޣԲҪΪһճǡ

*

ƲŽԲˣʾڵӰ˿

һ㵽˹򶫵һմϡ

ڵĴӪ

Բյĵޣ۾ͻȻָ߹ȥһ˾䡣
ޣûղŹȥǸˣΪɣ

۱ĿתȴɫһŽԲ
οģ

Ǹ޶ɫĺں̺ۣ͵סɷ󼸺һ޶
ϧⶾջǽʴһĻޡ

ԲѾԼ˴𰸣תͷصǸޣ̫Ҿһ¡

ۣ
ͲúͽԲ˵

*

յڵĴͬѾԽĵ˼һá

ʱǧ꣬Ȼܼ󴫳ˣ

⴫Уɷоܼӿ죬ʱһԽɷޣں֮ɷɢţʱ¡᰽綼£

̫ãͬԾ¶Цݡ

Բ˾ʱ˸

ﳤϣ۲ʹ˴ˡ

ͬͷ־Ȼˣ˲۾
ۣô£

˫ϥ£Ŀʼ״
ﳤϣԲ췣֮ȴΪͼ췣֮ɱӣ볤ϳӱϱ֮𣡡

ͬĿ¶ݶڸӫ³һɱ⡣

ĿŽԲֱ˰㣬ۣİɣҾýԲڵĸյ



⻰ԼԼЩ졣

ԲС췣Ӷ䣬ֻڵĵƺЩͨĴ󲡣˵ķԣ

֮ǰɽӣļۣŹݻȻ󶼱Ӵſˡ

û

Բ̧ĿֱΪ׵ͬ

ͬݳҲ̣¶һΪȰĿ＾Ųбۡ

첲ʵöϵģųȥ췣֮׸ɱˣֻЩˡ

Ҳȷϣϱ۱ͬƬ̾˳Ӻá

ۻʱĵ˽Բһۣʾڵ¡
߰ɣﳤҪͽԲ̽

·Բʱ¶Цݣǹ֡
㣬ģ̫ˣ



ԲſС췣ĵ
˵ɶʲô

ˡ

*

Ȼˣͬǲһ磬ŻԲ

ǸƺδԱŮޡ

ջ㾫£¶ָݵĿ¶ͷ

ͬڹ£ҩ³˵ѡ

ȻãǾֻɱˡ

ƭߵǧƷʯ󴫳н

ԲҲգĻǳʹĵ
Ҫ󴫳УȵȰ

ȡϷȻС췣Ľ紦




97.  97 7(׽)   Ͷ

ͬ۾ѾԾ, ֱȥöϷ

û뵽ǣûŲϷϣС췣ھһ׹, Ϸ

ɺ޽Բ̹Ȼ, ֱֱĿЦе, Ҿ
ﳤϣ㰡СϷ

Բˣң
ͬŭ죬һƱݺݻ򽭰Բڣ

ûڵʿһС, ˸˸գ۱˽ԲڵС췣ϣ

ء

ȴֻһ΢˻

С췣ϱ㸡ֳһ㻨Ť, ͬմתΪá

ͬǻǧĴֻһ۱ϳ󷨡
ϷϵŲϢ벻֮ǰȻоˣ

ȡ˹ǵ󴫳кһ·ӳ, λɽʿ׷ɱΧһʱ䡣
ݴʱоŲϢ, 㻭Ϊ, ԶȦԼ

ɺһо˴췣˳, 󷨱

벻öϷȻЮһŲϢ, һɱԲͱҪ붯λɽڳϳֲƿ󷨡

ͬ뵽ɱȻһ󻯳һЦ

ãðû˴Ϸȴ˸󷨹ţã

ٴγԲץ, βֻסԼĵԷֹ󷨷ɣŽԲһɽɳ۶ȥ

ںʿշ, ԲܵҷҲ£ݵĻ˸ƸŽյ졣

ڹ֮ϵڵ죬Ȼɽẓ̇ɽ鲼˹ھĺۼ¥Ὣɽ̳гҰҰһĴڣ͹һűĺۼ

ɽɽڲڡ

*

ͬսԲ˶ߵһͷ

뵺Բ̲ס˺ü磬㵵Ŀܡ

Զ˽ƽ磬ȻէȥΧ첢޲ͬɽĴֲĸΪïʢ⣬ɼôֲҲڲס⵺ǺǵĶζ

ζ޿ᵽɷ

ԲºȻŵĴͬ

ͬɷˣüĿҲûɷӡ̺ۡһɷŲ

һУȻѲ˹ϵ

ԲԽԽû䣬ٿǳأȻ֮С

ðΣձ¶Լ츳Ϊľǵڴ̽Ļ֮ˣû뵽ԴȻǹǳͬ

ͬڵĴͳꡣ

䣬Ƿչ׳ڸǱ˲űٵϵʿֻ֣ڵӱռ֮

ھ᰽У˭ᵽڲһӢű

éɽڵСŵУμӹǰΪлᱻڡ
ϵҫҲżóķչ׳

˭뵽ǵ᰽ʿɱ޿ߵɷȻͳ᰽һŵĴͬиϵ

˹ϽţڣڣֻΣ

Բоɫ߶з󣬷Ϣ

*

Ѿ˳ʦż˻ϵĶ˿żĺͳ˪ѩ˾ڹŵ˽ͽԲ͵͵ץһ¡

벻ǾȻֱ͵ϮĹͨļߣ̱Ҫȥˡ

ڴʱķȻ⡣

ϲ򣬡Сʦ֮ǰµͨһϢˣ

ܷϢ˵޴󰭡

̴߶ͨ
׹ڿ֣¶˼д֡

λʦʦ㣬ѱͬڸڣʱû¡ǰµŲϢڣʮλɽʿ֣˭˲ҡɷһıһٶգǰ֮ǰļƻ·λھնɱҸڹѲСģһº

˷׷׿ĵһɶӹȴ˼

ӺǰСʦþѾıˡ

˺ģȻСʦ˵ˣǾغݻɱùǹǽץǣСʦá

ɽƽӵҲܾܣϰ϶ȥɱȥܴ̽ϢԲǺλƷڵϵҲСʦñڹǣܵ취ӳ

ͷɢ

*

һߣԲյĻź㰲

ͬѾһ֮УⷿɷζŨϾʹɷ˫ǹ˶þͻᱻɸɷޣ֪

ͬȴѾϰĻ

ԲӵϺ߻ţʼ

ɷĹת֮侹Ȼȥ

ԲٶȺȻĺһȳ
ͬȻɷ

ͬ˫ɫѾȸղź࣬˺ƶҩɷȴľҩ˶ɢһʻ֮

һɷţԲЦ¡
Ƕ˵ɷǶΪǻûѧȥˡԲ󴫳УȻҲ󲿷ֶ󷨡ҩԭ󣬱ܽɷٶᴿױΪһµʱ᰽綼ӭ췭ظı仯Ӥڽٻ޷״żˣӭµʢ

ͬ˵񣬷·Ѿ˻еδ

ɽԲȴĻһ˫ӣֱָҪ֪ɷãҲΪɷõĶͽμӹɢץʵ飬ʧܺǻɳɰŵĴΪ

ͬ˿ôкβף𴽽Цó죬ɴߣСڣοЩ˶ڸܹɷΪĺôԸʳҩȻҲóеʵʧܵĺ

ԲȭͷȻͬȴû˵

˵ˣҲ޼¡

ͬѾɷȻ֪Ļ֮ˣ͵취̽оء

ڶĿڶֻ࣬һȻԵĵطоɷ񡭡޿һ

ͬԲû˵Щ޻ɱӣЦһ
ڣ飬һֱԼĻɣ

ԲüһͻȻתͷѲɷˣ

Բ⶯ͬЦ
ֹˣɷ޲壬ΪһԴӷҩ󷨵ЧõõԽӳֵֹһС

Բӵ
ֻҪæоɷ󣡡

˵ôã˵ˡ

Բɫ˸ᣬȴδͬԤϵĿڴӦɵĿ
ȻɷôãΪʲôΪֹҿ³ңĸȻйһʱܿɷҲʴһò޷ĻޣгЩҲɷɣ˵Ұ£ܵó޷ġ

Բղž̴ӦͬΥ˿ɵ㣬ࡣ
˵Բ⶯ˡ

Ѿ⸡յȥֻܺųȥˡ
ܽӪá

Ȼ㲻ţҾʹۿˡ




98.  98 8   ӵϣһ

ͬԲ˵һǶɽڡ
Һ޿ڵĲü, ﱻһͨһ侫
ڲ޿һɽѰ׹ǣǹʮ¶ɫãĵޡ
ǵĶ, ŽԲɷӡ, һ֪Ǳɷʴĺۼ

ͬԲֲԾ¶˷Ŀ⣬ɵЦһ

, ˣ֮ԻɻޣΪ͵һöɷҩŵϵɷԿ, ʳڵЩ, ȻҲʳɷʱͼʱ˫ʱɷ, ޴󰭡ΪڵΪȶ־׻ָԷų

һ·ǰ, ߵͷ

ͷ޿еĹͬ, бڳһԲ, Χ˰Բε

ʱԲ, ʢһְɫҺ壬ʱʱɢһϤζ

ԲԾס˱ӡ
ԭǰЩҺӵˮˣѵҲΪɷǸ÷ӡ

Բͬͬ¶ЦݣǰŲΰ֡
⣬

һ޳, Χֻ¶˫۾ĵվ
ﳤϣкηԸ

Ƴɷѿһۡ

⻰̧ͷתȥȡһɫҩС

ҩڵɷ軹ŸʴĶ, һ¶ڿڳ˿˿ɷ

ͬηöҩ裬ݹȥ
Ե

¶ϲɫ˫ֽӹȽԲ˵ʲôһ£

Բ

Ϊ£û뵽ʳɷδʲô쳣¶Цݣ۾Ծ˹켣·ʳ˼ζ

ϢǸоӦʧˣüɫһȡöʯԼƣС

˫

󷨵İ׹ƶĶǴڳںɷ·

ֻƬ̣ɷ·ɢС

γһʱ䣬ɷűȫƳϵɷ·ƤڣٲӰ

Բ˶ͷּһʡ

˵ҩĿ¶⣬վ𣬴ۿǻ׳ӯЩҪӻӤڽӤڵӣ

ϷĽԲ˲״̬ɴ۾ȣﳤϣȻֻһҩΪôࣿ

Ųŵһ䣬Ȼһҩ˹ЧǻֻҪ㹻ɷҩһ·ڡɽٷ𣿡

ԲҲ¶ɫͬȻͦЦˡ
СѵȷǺԵ֮ˣΪʳɷɣһɳһλʿɳһλɽʿֻҪ⾪᰽粼ɷҪ˶ãض᲼ɽڵȸ߽ʿѣڻɷǶ𣿡

Ȼˡ

ֻкôûлĶٰװ飬ҲǶ

޵֮˷ɷôãôô޶ʧת

ʬǶɵɷҩͲôڣ

Բת꣬ȴŹ΢ЦǷ͵ﳤղˣɷȷǸöǼȻѾΪЧǲҲܿɷλָ˵ģ

ԲȽ˿ӡͬЦ⽥գĵ
ԲҵĳѾǲҲýд󴫳ˣȻ⽻ףȥˡ

Ϊס˽Բİѱȴûע⵽Բʼնûн⿪ϵС췣

ֻϹ

ϷҲˣԲΪѣָС췣
ﳤϣҲԸֳ⣬ұκҵĻˣǰŲϢλɽٴһֻ֣ܵպϵȫɢܳӡʲô󷨣ᱻϵ췣֮

֮⣬ô˵Ҳպ¶ˡ

ͬԵʱ¶ŭ⣬ֻԼֱԲһһȭͷ߬ҪҲңֻǺԸ
Բñˣʲô⸡յûκ˲ó룬Ҿ͵գպ㻹󴫳УǾݹֽ˴һٵ

ԲƱŵĺ˵

߰˸æҵĽڵС췣̧𣬹һڣһ޿ܺɢ뿪

*

ͬΪǳÿնһҪæƬ̺Ҳ뿪ҡ

Բʱˣһ㻯ֻ˸Ӱ

ڷ߿

Һ͸ղǼֻһǽ֮ͬԴ֮Ԥ󷨣ֻ޷ڳȥ

ͬûȫԼ

ҲָܶԼ

ֻҪͬԼ󷨱ˡ

һЦƹǸصڵӣܿһȦԻ

ڵȫûӦһΣС췣ڡ

ȵ׼ȫ꣬ڵѾģС췣ڣűˡ顱

ڵӵģվС췣⡰ءԼ

*

ڶճ䣬ǰ鿴ڵġԲڰȴصʦҲһ˿ڶʱͷ


t뿪ɾʱԺȴϮһ磬δ񣬱㱻һӵͷΣ

Բ𣬽̶С췣ڶԼλãǿصĵ޷ų¹ԭλŽԼʰһ⻯ģ

ž

һȥȽǻ赹ĿصӴˡ

ģ㿴˶˯𣿡

ļ񣬵ʧҪͣɻû˵ͱһƴ˹

ž

ԲĿ׶ĵ˿͡
ҷ͵ﳤԲ˶ߣ

ίûܳڣֻܱӦͷԲö˶˵С췣ڴһ

ԲѾʯŴϣת뿪

*

ٰ⣬Ǿʵλߵˡ

ʲôû˸๡

ÿԸͬ׳н

Բ߽ңһȦԡ

ʮ԰һѾܵˮõĹɸĥҩơڵĵܺ͵һڷŴ󾵵ķϡ

Աߵһǰʾ
ʦ֣ҽõĵһɹ뿴

ǵŵҩװһöɷδɢһŨŨζԲƹ־ͽҩɡ
ʲôôնˣ

ǵίί£˿Ҷԡ

ԲŻصԼ̨ԣ˺ڱоǿŵҩ

ⵤҩѾϵȵȦƣƷϵƷҩ

ҩһ;Ҳȣÿһȷ־Ʒ

شþľƷҩָµȵҩľƷʵϲһöƷϵȵҩֵǮ

һöȻֹеȣϵƷ

ͬΪоɷȷʹð취ĲС

ȻˣǾӵϣһϲˡ




99.  99 9׽棩   ʯѣ

ԲöϵƷҩȡ, ӴƶȡһҩмڷŴ󾵵ķϸ۲졣

û뵽᰽Ҳͬ΢һķҩмھ¾ȻŴ, ԲŤŤ, ַŴܿҩҩмڻײ

Ⲣⷨ, Ҳ۲ҩӣⷨ£⿴ԾƵ, ֪ŵҲʧܵġ

ɷĶӺҩķμ, 棬ʳȥЧʱ䲻̬ͬͬЧҲá

ܽʳöɷΪȹЦˣȴֻʵĿʼɷ, ȶ

²ɷӰžΪϵƷҩ̫Ӫ, ָպͻƿ, Żᱻ߹ͷ, Ϊ

ǿЦ

ͬⵤҩıƭˡ

ɷȷܹ߽˵Ϊ, ҲȷԵ޵޷ص˺

ϲһֹͣʳⵤҩҪ˶þͻᱻɷ޷Ϊһû־ɷޡ

ˣͬأ

ֱʳɷ, ֮Ϊãȴ˿û¶ʵĸоͺ񡭡ȫȻоɷĶһ㡣ɷ֮, ɫá

һʲô©˵Ĺؼط

ԲΧһա

*

Ȼ۲죬͵װģƵҩ

֮ǰҷϵʱéһƽѧЩĴǳա

ԭΪéɽ̫ѧãԸģû뵽õһ죬Ȼ

¯Ȼֻа۸ߣȴһϵȵĵ¯

Բһɷ뼸ϵƷֲһͶ뵤¯󽫷Ŵ󾵷¯ڣͨ۲쵤ҩķݻ¯

ӣ˲һɷֲҩҺȻЩͬ

ɷĶ¯濾£ӷζµĲǿ¯£Ȼһ·ձһ޷ϸֵġʯ

Բգգ۾ٶȷϡ

᰽ʯȣϣһּƷʯڴǿĴڡ

Ҳࡣ

ݴһöƷʯں̶ȣȻȫһʳϣ֮úñǧ꣬ҲܹͬٶȳΪһöµļƷʯ

ʯ𲻻µеϵȶͬ

ǡƷʯм

ȻĿҪϳһöƷʯ̺Ҳͬһˡ

ɷ̺ǼƷʯֵµмҲ˵νΪסҩǿ£

ףɷãǡ

ȵȡ

Բһ

ڲϵĺ濾£ǿֳ˱仯

ʯ¶ĲɷԴͷ

ԲƲӵУȻһвֻʵҪӴܣһԵɡ

ȻΪˣ

ƷʯڵѾԴǣЩ֮ԷΪ˱ȾļƷʯڵһ˿ŵʶ𣬿Դ󷢡

һеĲһպã·һɷöҩ

ϵȵƷֲ¯ܿͳڳһҩҺڼƷʯӰ£ͶȥֲҲʼ̻ᾧ

֮ȥͬǿձŰȻΪʱ䱩ȴҲḯʴ־Կơ

˴գԲһöҩΪַ裬ֻµȵƷȽס

ȡһݣЩȫ޳ֻļƷźµֲȴһöɢŵҩͬµƷҩ

öҩװ˵ҩһöϸװһöд硣

Ѿòˣ취⸡ˡ

*

ͬ죬ų֣

ץԼʱ̬ɵؼˡ

һ⣬һڵĻ

ڰ

ֻлӤڣоҩشΣ㱻ͬΣҲ

ôϣֻڰ

ȳ죬ڵĻɽ˵׾ˡ

*

Բһжãڵ˶塣

ѧһ̬춫廤

Ƭ֮ڰõĴӰջ䡣
⣬㲻úоɷܵѵʵֳˣ

ԲҾ漴װϲӽеҩ
ϣоˣоˣҪɷֱӾΪɷҩڳˣ

⡱ɫ¶ϻȵɢɷڰõĺ˰벽˾롣
ȻоˣΪβҩֱӳʸﳤϣø

ǣͬΪڳϣһţһǸ˶֪ﲻԸ

õҩȻڶġ

Բ״Ʊѵģ侲ص
ϣԽˣﳤأҩҲǵһõˣðȻͻȥﳤϡ

ԲתҪߣڰָܶǱջ
ȵȡ

Բԥת
Ը

ȻѾƳˣöҩңȥһöﳤϡ

ԲΪ֮ɫ⣬ϣǲǲ̫Ϲأ

ڰİ˽ԲһۣӸһҡ
ǰҪƷ¯ԭЩЧʱΪţȻоˣǾ͹ˡ

ԲϲӹҴ򿪡

ȻһƷ¯һƷװ

öҩȻѪ׬ˡ

Բ¶мֿޱȵĿڰ
ϣⵤ¯ֱţ𣿡

ڰ״Űɣúá

лϣ

ԲպãְѵҩӽڰУתͷ㻶Ʈɽͷ

Ƭ̺ǶɽҵĽ类˴

һ԰۲ڰȻȥˣq(s^t)rһ
Ȼͬһù

תȡƣ紦߶

ˡ

Ӧ¶һ˿ɹĻڡ

ڰûзֵĵطһƬǡô⴩һ󲨹ָⷴ

*

ƬǽԲ

ڰ˲ӳͬĸٶڸĳڽ紦

Ҫڰֵǰ뿪죡

˹ǣͳװȫˣ

ϧֻ͵ĵҩ׼ִ٣ֻƬ̺󣬰֮оʹڰһŭ

⣬㾹µȵҩƭң

Բ

֪ͰѵҩƷ׸һˡ
ҲΣûɷϵѾˡ

öƷҩҲôûðɣ
һЩƷǿһö鵤ء

q(s^t)r
ʶ

Բӿ٣ڷɵڸյĳڴ

ɽŴŵŽ׷ۣվıֱȻ˳룬ȴĿǰԴš

ֱӴ²е²ߡ

ЩļƵƵڰҲˣһѰӡ

ڽĵȴУǰڵĵڶˡ
ȴǿ󣬶Ƕ⻺ɽһеӡ

ǰͷˡ

ڵĵһ˳Уеƾٳʦ֣ͷ

Խƾٳ촽䶯ͬʱһƣڵķڻ򿪡

Բ״ѭſ϶ɳȥ

ȴڿһ˵ʱƬ̣ͣ

ʱѣô




100.  100 10(׽)   û뵽

, ȥʮڵӣʮɢޣ¶˷, Ҫιʲôõط
ĩβŵ, ˫Ŀʱ

˼ǰͬᵽġɢԸԲ̶˺š

ʱԲͻȻ, ǺֱŲ¶ۼĴ
ѣôҲڸϣ

Ҳ鵽ɷԴͷŸ, ʱ, òǱƭ˰ɣɷû취ɼĸȥˣ³ֻ·һ

Բʱɷ޸ۼŸ, æͣɶԻĹ, ѾҪһ뵺ˡ

ǰ߬סʱĸ첲, һԻ, , ƳĳԻ̿˲ϢģΣȻھ͸߰ɣ߻ü

ʱȴüɫδֻṴǳĵЦл
лѵң¸һҪĶҪȡءѲص, µ޴ѭöȥѰһλޣġ

ʱԻ, ֻһöɫƣһڵĸյڡ

ԲȴЩ㶵ĿƣǸղźʱഥʱϤĸо

ջ񣬱㿴ӿ

۽˸ɫžھٽһڵӿʼѰ

һΧڵλù

ˣ

δɣתһͶڣ

*

ڵĸϣڰһ·Ѳ飬ڷ˱ε⡣

˺˶Ժ֪ԲƤӵ»ˣ

ͬԺĸ󷨣ڽԲоȻ˿û𵽸еã

һ˵ڸϴѲ

֪ͬϢظʱֻĴѰԲһڵӡ

һȺ

ͬһû⣬һԵڰһƣ̼ǵĳڷ

Բ͵رȫǽϣò飡Ҫ˺ͷ׷أ

*

ӵһģԲǺҲֻһ·Ҫӳڳȥ

ͬĶ̫ˣڲӳ֮̾ͷ˳ţԽŴصڵԽࡣ

ղǰǿǲˡ

ԲΣֻܵͷʱһС

ǽϣ˽ͨòˣԭʦʦʦӦͨϢô죿

ѵ
ͬΪǳһжָƣһձһΣգ

ʱǰöƣȴδ߶ǳմͻȻһ䡣
˵һ𣿡

˵ģЩơ
ˡ

Բǽؽֲ̽

*

̶ֻ̰ʱĹھѾ鲼Ļ

ֻҪһ̱ϳټ

֮ǣǧΪͬצӸﶼҪˡ

Բ߹һ֣ͣһ̤Ƹ⡣

һǿӡǰϷµİţǰµϢš

Բɸ޵ģ̤̤Ƹڡ

ڿ˲࣬Сһˣ̻ĽԲӭ˽ȥ͹룡ոճͻȻѰǶ˵ڵӣغܲɣȻˣͶһǵڸպ³һȥȡ

ԲõһȷʵˡҲһ˳ƹ̸һȴ⡣ȥг

Сһ㶣ԥƬ̺Ӧ뿪

һ԰ף۱סƹ
ƹλ͹ٵҪ¶ġ

ƹʣµһֻ۴ŽԲҪѯʲôʱȴԲĳ¶һʯ·

ԭ׵۾ʱǰһԲֵסΧûʲôע⣬Ż˸¥
˼ȻдҪ̸Ǿһɡ

Բһ䡣

ǰ׷ԲԵϵչű˫ϥ£˸
ԭܶ˵ĺѰˣܷСˣ

*

ԭǧǰ̤Ƹƹܷ˫ױɷȾ塣

żȻ·ʱֽ˾£ܷĸĸ˸ûñ˫˫御

ܷߣա

ģܷ氵ڹڣһǧ͹ȥˣ󷨴п˵ͽȴ

СѣϢںҾڴѰҵһ죬û뵽ȵȴһǷͨѰȻͶ·ˣģ˶֮ұǻҲỤСѰȫ

û뵽ǰȻԴˣԲ֮̾Ҳûٿֱ̤Ƹ

һ㣬˰¡

*

ÿնڵǰʵʼ˲ǿ÷ʯɸÿһˣǲǴʲôص󷨡

ԾûֽܷԲ䡣

ͬԸɴ˷е涼ͣ£ҰѲ顣
ʼؽϷһһط

̤Ƹھôطı⵽Բٶأͺˡ

ܷϢ࣬һͽԲ취
СѣճڵӾͻǿз꣬С˸ߣñѲ޴أ鷳Σյĵطȫ˵һͶȥأ

ܷȻó⣬ʵҲףѾĻᣬ벻취ڣ궼ܲˡ

ԲΪѣҲټ鷳ñ뿪ˣ ǰ㻤Ұ£ѾĶ飬յӦ֮˵ϢҪˡҲĵֻڵѡġ

ֻܷҽڣԸԼСѣĪҪڿңǳڶѾôӦ㣿㻹ҵģա

Բȡһö˸˸Ƹ
ǰӦˡͬµĶԶֹˣһһ·׷ȥǰмǲҪ¶ݣȵգһҪڹӦء

ܷϵƵȷǴѶãԥҲȷûʲôõİ취ˣڷŽԲ뿪

*

̤Ƹ⣬Ѿһλ۵ĵ޵˽Բá

ִһöͬƣϨΧȴδ˳֣µǽԲˡ
ѣ

·ɡԲû˿

ȷݺûٶ໰ֻҴǰ·ܿ콫Բһ仨¥Ʒڡ

ƷѾ˾Ӫζ¶˲Ұܵĺۼ

ʱѾһˡ

ʮδɴųʱڳĿ
ͬǽһڵĸ
Ǳزأڣޱ仯ǵڶû˷һ㡣

·ĵȻ£ԲĿɬĿòһһ
Ҹýʱѣǡǰ

ʱ̧˫ںһ뵳һŲ
ȻѾ֪ˡ

Բģμľ롣
ǡ

ʮǰڸڴɷϢȣɸĸ첲ѪȹǸʱҾȷݾǻǰ

ǰֻǾЩϤˡ

û뵽


ˣһ֪Ѫܹ֮ӡ£ڻֻΪҽϵķӡôԡŻ޿лң

һֱλǰΪ֪ȴѡޱˡ

ǡ

Ц

Բڴһ˿ѹ




101.  101  11(׽)   ܲ

ʱеĺΪԲ˵Զ¡

˵, ԥȴ˵⣬Щ֧֧ᡣ
˵ûЩ, ǽ˶ѡȻҽӡĹؼ, ҲһҪܽӡ

ܹ˲ġ

Բ̧ӣֱֱ
㻹ҸʲôѲַˣûҸ, ֱӣ

ʱ屻˰ӵɵкԾæתߣƬ̺˼
Ѱ, ΪѾͬоɷĺĵش, ǴطڹУҪȥҪһо֮ˣ˼ȥ, ǺһΪ㡭

ԣġ

Բ³һ, Щĵ¡
ȻǴطڹ, Ǿ͵뷨Ӿˡ

ʱ̵, зӳǡ

Բ˿û, ֻáа¾ҪеһɸЩʦʦǣ֮ȥǼ档

£ףȴʱüͷ, ܾʬġʬʱһ޶

Щܲˡ

ֵۣĸоѹ£·
ʵкܶǰ, ֻǧѾûʲô˼ǵã䷻ھһֱܵͨŵ󷨻ڡʱţҳȥ԰Ϊޣȥ׼ۣʦż˻ϡ֮žΪ̣лϡ

֪ˡԲӦ£ǰ·ɡ

ֵ롣

ʱ壺

á

*

䰵Ѿ˾Ӫ

Ҳ

Բһһӡʱߣ۶佫Ļҳɨ֮٣ȴڰԼ·һ

۽ǣһÿ

ʱһʱĶüͷŤͷ
㲻ģ

Բ
㱻׷ɱҲĲɣ

ġ

ʱ屾ܵľö߲ͬ˫ԱϷĺȴƺ˴ʡ
ˣΪʲôģ

ԲһۣͻȻЩҿģʲô£



ʱ߷ŵͣòŵ㣬Ϊ㿪ĵİ

Բüͷ΢ʱһɫʱԼǶˡ

ǰ֪⻰塣

ʱȴͻȻתͷͣ£ǽһء
ˡ

¡¡

޴ʯŲƶһµڶǰ

*

Բʲôû˵ֻ弫Ŀʱһۣµ֮С

ԼߵļãҲܱԼ

ӰԼϲ֡

Բӳһö¹óһܵյ͸

ףȴʱ忴İ

Щ̫ϤĽԲ
ղһУЩɫδġ

ǷԲǧҪߵŻһʱ

˾ٴһǰһܵǰ

žʣǰʱԶʱĽԲʱĲ֪ôٴ
ѣ㲻˵Щʲô𣿡

ԲͷƳһۣ¹ˮƽ޲һ͸⡣
ûʲô˵ġ˵Ǿ˵



ðĻʱ

ϰλߵ룬մֺԼδ㼷

οƿ׵ĽԲ׿˵ġ

˹һˡ
ѵ֣Ϊʲô۾𣿡

Բͷ޲Ϊʲô۾



ʱɵûԲķ֮⣬ֻԼ̨£̱
ǧǰҲɷʴҲʳɷ衣˫۾Ǹʱɷĺۼ

룬ȡ¡

һһķ£Өһɫʡ

ǹɫ֮УֻǰССӰ

ССӰ˽ԲŲ΢٣ԾĵŶ

ȴʱоࡣ
һѾڣĻ˳ڡ

ŵձǿιµҩҾ˻ԡʱѾ˸־Ļޡҽһָ־ȴʴɹǣҲײȱһ·εʬɽϣʶʬġʬȻޡ

ռɽΪԸɽΪɹȴϲɵɽ̽ĳͻࡣЩ޳ʳ޵ĺô㲻͵͵ɽΪʬɽ֮ĹϵԽš

ҲǸʱɷͻȻʼ

ԲĿٴͶϡ

ʱδļ
ЩޱմȾɷ󣬲δһתΪޣֵĿʼ跢ĴŰɱҴȾѸ٣󼸺򣬶鲼ֻ֪ɱ¾˺ҧɷޡ

Ǳ㳹׽ʬɽĳڷӡû뵽ĳɽʱͻȻǷų˵ɷһºʬɽйءʬĵ˲ԸίҪǸʱѾɷֻɽϲȫû뵽£֮Ȼˡ

һսͻȻʬħʬˣʬĺʬҲ䲻Ҷľ֧ձץعڡҲǵǸʱҲ֪ǷôֻΪץһȥо

ʱ屾ܵ˱ץǵĻ䡣

ٺһԺɢżȻڵĸҿе֪࣬һŭ֮½Ϊ󴫳о١ûɷǰ޷Ҷ֣˷ӽҷӡڻ֮С

Ҿͳ˯ֱѪϹֻѣ֮󣬱㿴㡣

ʱͣû˵ȥ

ֽԲĽŲһֱƽȣδΪϲͣͣ١

˵ܲû

ѵ˼£ȴûõеĻӦ

ʱЩڣҲԼЩ֡

ǰʬĵȻҲ׷ʹԼΪʲôȴʱֵزһûĽԲ£

ֱ˿̣ڷԼЩ֡

ȻãԼˡ

*

Բǰţͣ£ĽŲҲ֣󼸺ƽ롣

Ĳ¹°׵⣬в̬£ȴһĨմ

ԲͻȻˡ
ǰ

˵
ʱеĺ⳯Բ΢΢ɢ֣ȵӦ㣬ЩȸԾ

ԲӺһ͸̾
ǧ㱻ڻһܰɣԲڷܽ⿪ķӡûн࣬ѡ˽ƾͼƣ

ʱЩԼ£ԲˣĬˡ

ʶԲʱ򣬵ȷɸûͷѪ֮壬һӡʧ

Ǵ޿ߺߣҲû

ŷ֣Ȼ֪ʲôʱ뷨

ҪɱѪ֮壬ˣҪԶѪ֮塣

ԲŻڷҰӰӵʬĵ˵Ĵţѡ뿪ҲûҪȥ

ڽԲߣйϢȴǴӸߡ
˵ڰΧ֮ʣӰһڵޡ
˵ıڰŵķҰӰһ˳롣

ĳûʱͻȻ롭ȥ

Ȼͻˡʱ

ȴЩ뿪ˡ

ӽȡ񣬵򽭰Բ
ÿֻʱһͷ㽫Ҵȥ

Բöջǽӹ

ȻĶ

ʱ촽˶Щί
ܲܲŶ

ܣ
潭ԲʱһſĻش




102.  102  12(׽)   ١

˻δߵڴ, ʱѾɻ˻֮С

Բڼӿٶȣϵܵͷ

һͻʯش

벻£ִ׹Ƶĵط, Բʶ, ˴©ʱҪ

ȴԼ͵ȼʱһ

ǲ˵, Ҳ͡

ʱٶִһɵǡ
Ǵ˴Ҫͱһƿ϶, ɵĶС, 辡뿪ԭء

Բȥɫȡ̵ʼпᵽöͱ

ǵĴ󼴱л, ƿҲס
ͱҲδԹ, ΪһöҪķѴ, ҪʱϵĹ



ʱһһĹȥ, ö, ԲѾȫðվȵҲһա

һһֿʼп̡

ʱڻϼصĺԽԽĿ̵ĥ, ЩѰ

Ҫ⻤ǴƿȻҪöֹķʯ
ɽԲһޣľܱ߰ʯ;ǿв, һֲͨ԰ס

һʱ󣬵Ҳöʯ

ʱ̲סڡ
δҪǿҰڱϿȹ̻ˣþ°빦

Բ˷ؿڣڵϢѹѹʣҪ̶٣

ʱ壺ٻöʮö

Բ

аɣʱҲû־ˡ

Ľ˱ϡ
ϢȻѸȹٶҲӣֻһʱʮͱ

²ʱᣬҲѵˡ
Բʮöʯſ϶ͨڷţһԣ˵һö

䡭

Ԥ֮ĳýԲһ·Щײܵʯϡ

ɾڴʱһ⣬ųһƬסеը

ʱ塣

Բӣ˿

һۣѸƿߣǰķ紦

޴ĺըɵƻС˴İѾȫըѣǰĻǽҲĳһ̺¶˿˿϶

ڣʱѸٽֳȥ

ԲҲһļʱǰȥֺϵǰһ룬˳˻Ǵ

Ϥɷһ˲ɽģһըڵӣҲӶĳ׷˹

ôĶⶼѾˡ

ǰִһ߷һŽշ

Բ֪ʱֻϦҲƴһгǰȥ

ɼһ˻ԽԽ

ڸղʱѾĵòˣҲ֮յĽֻǱץعǣ

ԲȡͨͬžԮɸմ߶ͷͨϾȻ̹⣡

̹֤֮˾뼫ֱӶԻ

ʦ־ڸ

ԲĳͨʾƬ̣ȻǰƲ両һҶۡ

ϱ˶ö¹ôһƬʯǵ׶յͨ͸

ڸǰĸ̨ϣһһͷĹָָ㣬ʲô

棡
ʦֶ

ԲһæԽȥ˲ôкľĶһ޴ľͰ

*

滹˿֪ԲѾԾȫ޵ʧʮգͻȻϣʦֵ߸֮࣬ѰİֶѰ˸飬Ѱͷϡ

Ѿ˴ͣ˳ա

ıǽһЩͨܺͽԲ˳ͨš

û뵽Żûͨһ죬Ǵڱ򶫼ԵĶһ

ܾЩ죬ʶ뵽˽Բϡ

˵̽ҪٿһЩѰһ©û뵽оƬ̣Ϳ׷ļ۵ƺƴĽΧ

ȡһöƣŶ˸ȵ
Բ͵бδַȫͨˣϼ飡

һҪѷۣͶһۺǰĻϣڷһ۴

ԲҲڴһ̾һ

ѣⷴӦ죡

벻Բĵ˷ŹͷϲֻԼæôãڵȵ˾ȽԲѻᣡ

ֻҪպúñ֣ʽéɽڵСʦˣ

ǿѹסϲ⣬ֲϸģԳһ˿ΰۼƺͳһŭһ
Ǻôı£ǰڷҰӰʱҪｭѣҪĪеץǿЦڰǰѾҸ뵽Ʒڻôȥǹ͵ôǹıƷıҪֵǮô

⻰˵ĿɾЩ˼ˡ

ȻǼҴҵڵĺĵش

Ͳסǧǰ͸˰

ھ᰽һ磬ɲͬǽкῪ᰽ĸףƷԨ

һ׳־˵ģ˵ԲˣļҲûӦ
һ룬ͻعζŭһҾƷڵ벻ȻҪ̻Բ

Բ͵˹ǣը˻Ǵ͵ܶ۾˵Ϲ

ŭɶǰһЦãȻ˵͵ǹǵĶ˵˵͵ʲôѲɰѳ͵ˣҪ˴ĵˣ

üĿһϬ֮ɫԣ¹سҪ£ˡ޷ἰ˷ۻҵѲһ

q(s^t)rһɴ˫ֱҲǶ˵ˣѴ˿̾ƷҵҪץ˲ȥƷڣȴҪһ޹ۣòΪǵѲ˹ǻðɣ

Ǹ꣬ǵȷǧǰʹˡ

һɱ⣬֮¸ɴɳһڵȥƷڵıɽϲ̽Բ䡣

زԶȵ̽ϣ滹ǵ۲̽

ŲŽԲͨıգ۹ʹӹǷɽȥʲô

оųɰգԲ֮ϣ

һЦָžӿɿĽϢѸٸ֪ͬ

*

ţԲҲһͻȻİȳ²ַҲΪסˡ
ѣЩڵȥѲ鱦ɽ᲻۵ƷڣҲûʱϵǰǰġԡ˰

氵ĸš
ѣҵһرıԷ޵ò㶼óڴ˴ţһǰӴżץסȥ˭ֲˣ

Ǳߡ

ٺ͵Цҵõģڱ˭뱣£

*

֮˸׼ʱ򣬹ڵͬҲյ˼۵ž

¶ȻǣԨ׽Բֱӵˣ

û뵽һéɽڵӣڹΣİֻһαһͣ

ȴ˼һѸķԼĸϿգȭͷ

ֻ취ѹˡ

ԲҲֻ˸ڵ飬ֻҪ𣬾Ѱִ飬Ҳ֤ݣҲһͷƾ

˵ʱܵһң˳ԩߡ

ͬҧҧȡһʢƿװУֻ¸ӰϽԲ֮˿Ѹٷɳǣȥ

*

ΧļҲûܵȵͬǿѲ

ȵһƬյľ޴۴ӱɽ

ǷֻۡԶ۱ɿĻƣƷķۣ᰽ҲֻһܣƷԨС

Ƥһ

ڵһž

ʦ֣²ˣԲƷڣԨѾʮյˣҵ˺ͷ֤ݣûֻ֣ԨͽԲԽһˣ




103.  103  13   ܿ϶

۲ŵĿžü, Щϲ֡

գ۵ĹƷڵԨͺ͡ԲһҸ׷¶ŭĿ

ԨΪǿĵ, ֱӾͽ۵˸, ۣɵĺ£Ҷ, ƷڻҺ£治Ʒڷﰡ

ŭָࡣ
˵С͵˹ǵĶʮǰѾƷлɷ, ôڵ, ͳҰӷˣ˾ββ飡ҵҪǻ˵ʲôԣҸ, Ҿưոݣ

ԲӦǰһйâ, ֻѼۿơ

Բаȡ󳯡Բɨ, ɷĹɨԲһ˿ޡ

֤ȷǽԲ, ûʲôݵķӡѵǺڵһӱɽģ

ɼǳ, رɽٵҪʱڼֺû뿪ϵĻҲδ򿪡

۵ڱˡ

ֻʵĺһԡ
ģôأܵġܷġ

Ԩһ, ȴƳ˶һۣŻʾĴǰ
ΪڵȴｭС, ڮƷڵչشɡ

ƷڵĴӷԹӦǣһۡ
ѣƷڵĹӦ֪ġĺѽѡԽѺʮꡣһݴĹأҲǮ¡һϵƷʯɡ

ۣ

һΧ۵ĽԲ

ѾһĻ棺

ֻԨڵվԭأɿĦһ֧ɫʣǷׯϵ£ȴһżѵģ˿ڷĳӴԡ
棬ʵ˵Բ˲Ϣ¶ڿңҾȥʯ

˿ڿˮӦ
ûƭ㣡˵ҲģѾǸܿӡĹţ¹ҲԴģţǸţվԲ

ԲվڼУĿ˸üŪۣͻȻԼ˸ġ



ҲûܽԲߡ

Ԩͷı£ʮķŵ׷£ǱĴһڵ뿪

û뵽Σữ⣬Բ̲ס̾Ϣ
ǰ벻㾹ȻƷڵһôᷴ

ֹᷴ

λԨֱڷҰӰӹʱʤһ

ƤӰ˼һ˵죬컯յӺ˷ۣ滻Ӱȫˮ·һõİ㡣

µǣǼͽܣȻȫ۹۱ǣǹģϰΪ

ҪץˣȴŤתƷΪ󷴶˺ôһ

ϵϲң

ԲĿ¼ĿԼԨҲĻȻҶĺѣǰһﵱȻްġҲһѡ

ղŻһƷڴӷԾȻ¶ʮɬЦݣԲ˸Ҿ
Ʒڷѡ

ԲЩûӦô÷ݼԼˣ֪ܿࡣ

ΪѾԨʾ⣬ĿڵŽѿƬ̼Ϳ̳һö²ţ뽭ָһ

˿ڽԲɵ͵͵
ѣҵҴʦֶǷˣͷ¶һ֣ˣǽտɰ᲻ȱء

ǰ׵ǵĶľܾɽֻһһڴӦæһȱ

˺˵Ĳ࣬ôԡ

Բ֪ԵɣͷͲ¶ۼʵʳڴƷԨһ
ָ˵ϣ¶һֵûʲôġ

ȡ̵ͷʯµֻƬ̺Ϳ̳ɸķʯ

ⶫͼˣ涼һ̡ʼԵˡ
ȴķͶԨֹ

˫ֽӹʯͷͱͬ𾪵Ԩס첲죬ȥԣ

ͷʯڣǰһף

ž

Ϥķʯһ룬һöƬڵõ֮ͶһƬ⣡

Ȼ

*

˶ƬϹ۵ʱ򣬶ҵᰵĸ˽Բߡ

ɬĿǰ棬Ľ⼸־һͬ棬Сʦãôû˵㻹ǸŰ

ԲͷһЦʦ֣ƷڵܣҲ˵԰ڡʵѵģɰˡѧͷһ㰡

ͺ񵱳ʯĴʱἰˮһ򵥡

δ㱹񣬾ͱ͵ķԨһѼ߸ӽԲΧסһ

ѣѧ
ѣ㵽Ʒʽѧҵͽǣ㿪

Ļ˵ˡ㿪֣˳ǣȻ¡

ʦڣԲܲˡ

Բ

û⡣һиطҪȥһˣµõȵȥƷˡ

ȥͬĴӪء

׬Ǯ¶ǵȻҪģµһЩˡ

ԨͷһԲ̽ѧ϶ˣԨֽķ˽Բ
ѣƷڵۣʱٿɴǧȽ·ɣץ£껹ЩƷѧűؽӽΪϿͣ

û뵽һöͻۣԲʵЩ֣ƴһʱڻĨq(s^t)rһ
ƷۣȥȡҲȡ

ˡ
ԭ̶ֹģȥ֪ͨͬţȥۡ

ԼˣȻٽ衣

ԲһģƤ
Ҿ͹ˣҶһʱȥ߶ţʱĪҪҡ

ԨһЦӻȴӴԲҪͷᷳᷳһҪЩͻȥ׼ӭͣ

һ˦㽫һתŷͽܷ뿪

ͷæβһûõ˵ĩ˻׵߸մƷڽķۣɫˡ
ָ׵ʧڿеıӰڸˡ
ѣ㿴ҵ̫ˣȻ־ͽˣкҸսķۣԴ׶ӵģ𣿡

Цһ
ѣһģӿ̳ģܿ϶ģ

ԲҲΥѣ͵Цһ

ķ۱󣬳濴һۣѣƷڵƷһãڻЩҪµȥһˣ֪ɷѰæٿһۣ

ԨǼܷۣӴˡ

濴ȴס

һԼҲȥһɥԾ۳ȥܷۣԸｭѿһӣ
лһ׵ıƷˣ

񶼿ҪϷ۵ĶͻȻһ򣬱仰ŵˡ

ȵĴ𽭰Բ棬Ƿŷֶ֮йֵĬ֮С



˻ԭСʦòֹϲʦܣҲܲ
ʱʦʦͨˡ

ʦͲʣȴźģ˲

ԲĻʱͻȻðһ⣬йɭɱ⳯ɢ˳

ûȽԲ֣һϢסŭһ
أ˵ʱɱ˵ԽҿɾҪˣ

ʱһۣڻڵ˵
Ҳɱˡ

ɱģˡ

ͻҺһΧһȦ૵˷ۡ
֣ҵ˰ôйɱ⡭




104.  104 14(׽)   С

Բ桢ʱѰͬĻʱ, ԨҲҴҸɽڵ֪ͬ¶Ӧϡ

û뵽Լսɽ, ͿͬһЦĺĸ̸۹

εİźŶܲ, öӡѾȥѰܻˡ
ǰ, Ϊæңû뵽ЩСɶ˲ֶΣĽĲˡ



ͬЦһŤۼ, ɨԨӵ, ֱӵ˵վ𣬳ԨԶԶǷһ
ˣӦ³çһ°ɣСͽǸ, ǹûбýС, ۵Ʒڵ, 

Ԩһ, ڵңǧٻͼ綼ڵԼ̨, Լһ

ĿɨüΨһһû콣µĶ֫ɨۣתĿq(s^t)rһ
ﳤѾλкˣҲǣڶ˵׷, ƷھʲôίҲû˵ˡ

ͬüۣ¶á

ڹңȴ̲סĶԨһ, ҲжţڵȷǱԩˣں͹Ҳʧ˵ȡر飬һҶܺߣֺαͱˣο۲ǵǽһôŲʧЩȴ׬һʯʧ

ͬΪڣңڵÿ궼ŴǿѹƷһͷѾԨˣ˿ٱһΣֱӾҪըˡ
ƷڵĹֲǵһղŶġ˴Ҫ뱻ͽǮۺ޸ݵĳ嵽ɽѰһûֱӽѹˮζʮ꣬ѾǿݴˣǮҲı䲻£ѰƽѰô

ңŭĿӣλдԨǮۿˣǮֲڣȻƷһ䣬˵ȥȴЩԽˡ

q(s^t)rһתͷͬ

ڣͬһº̩Ȼֻ֡
µȷĲԣѾȥڹڹѲʲôõĽӣ˵һ̽̽֡

ԨԵ˵°ڴδڵĻҳǷŷӦԼͱ̫ˣ˫ֽͬǸ񣬡ԭﳤѾĳ˼ۣˡֻֻڵ˵Ƕ˶ôڵĸһʲôʱ£

ͬ˼֣΢΢ЦݣҲżشֻת߻£˵ˣ

ڵĸˣȻͽԲֵйϵԨϷ꣬лᵱһͣҲ˳¿ˡ

еӻĸһ裬ͬſڡ

ʵһ£ҲǰһŴȵ¡󶼻²ŻٴٿŴȣаһ·ţɷʬɽĻҲЩңҴ㽫ŴٿʱǰȺһ£֪λͬ⣿

ŴȷͬСɣ¹ҩܿˣһٿҪΪһ꣬ͻȻǰ¾УڸµǶһСѹ

ڵĹңüͷﳤϣ¾ѶɷҲ˰취ҵǾòҪǰ˴Ҳ㹻ʱ׼οŴ֮ҪܲĽȻǰһڹپаգ

ǧȴпɣҵǰŴкβסڵӴһŴȽѾ׼һβƽڼϰǰ¾УҲԣο껹йʱһδ̽壬ǰŴȣѡܵŴεĺʵӣҲδɵʱǰ׼

Ĭõ콣Ҳˡ
ҾòסĹأʤҪǰڽ޵ģͻȻǰżΪһи͵ĵûܵõ㹻ˣ˵ҲһβСʧ

Ļ˶Ĭ

ʵδǹЩСŵδ

ڵĴڣΪվͷϵô

һЩСŰˣĳܱͣȵùдǧڣ

ֻȻ룬湦ȴҪġ

ңһЦ벻ȻԶҵˣ꣬ʵǰѧϰá

ͬһδ̬İٻ;Ҳ˵µȭͷ߬ͻȻۡ
£ʵܺýҵҲǰԤˡСֻʵܵõʲôľ飬ŴҲҪٿֱǰμŴȣŴʱÿʱȥѧϰҲֲǰĲ㣬ǰμŴȣҲܵõһβƵᡣ

⻰ΪС룬µѧϰʱ䣬ֱӲμŴȣǲô

׵ţÿܹϷֵԴָ˵ȵٿŴȣ⼸Ҳǳˡ

һ˵ʲô

ΪεĹڶ˵һ͵ڶûڵԴҲ˽ί

ͬ⻰һԭͬĹңҲͬˡ

ڱڡںڶͬˡ

µİٻͼ콣ڵ㲻ͬ⣬Ҳû÷ˡ

ԨһϷĵһ֣ԭνԴƽȻ࣬ѹÿһεŴȶڵһұ˴ڻԴСŻᣬҲѹûѪҺ롣

Ŵôǡ

վڹңƳһۣ뿪
λȻҪ飬ҾͲ߶ˡŴǰ·ͬСɣĳҲþȥ׼ˡ

Ҳ֪һµĹýСѽ̻ŵӿӡֻҪܸǹڣǽڵͷɾҪˣ

ʱ¾͵һϯ֮أӦҲٴԼ˰ɣ

˼ζƳһۡ

Էβû˦

Ԩ̾ĳ淢˸ž
[ͬѽǺͽСѰǾĹŴȣҪˡ]

*

ʱ˿̣ԲѾ桢ǧء

ͷӰյĵţ벻ûɳǳصյֻͬڲصкۼϢ

ϢĽԲݺݶأ֪շֵʱҾֱӰǸըˣȻͬһи׳нûȷе֤ݣǹǳڵĴͲˣ

潫ͣ£Ͷһۣɫ䡣
ڱ㷢ֵĵһʱͽ˵ǰѾ׼ĴȥɽҲа취Ѽ顣

ǰСʦãòͬҶߡǵķӽҴˡ

Բ̾һѾݾߣץֱӰѱǲˡ

ʱعһȦЩ죬ѣ㲻˵߿ܻͬĻأѾǧĵطôʲôû֣

ԲͶһѣ׷׿Χ

Ȼδ߳ǵ֮أޱ޼ʵĻĽɽ䣬ȴԽԽ
ɷϲ|˵˴ʲô֡

Բ¶ѯʱ塣

ʱ̸ͬתϵĸ⴦Ҳһˣȫ֪ɷˡ

ǧǱͬһ




105.  105 15(׽)   ˭

ͬƻޱ, ȻβոɾˣһʱǾԲ¶ڶġ

һˣȴֵʱ䵢ˡ

һɸҲֻʣʮ֮, ȥ, ҲͬİѱҪܲμһεĹ

ô, һ취ץͬİѱ

ʦֶͻȻһ䡣

ڽԲѯʵмǰùǳ״͵Ľ, ʱǴ̽ͬĺܺûᡣҹԺ, Żܻ׼ѧϰ£ʱҲҵٻ̽ⲻǻô

Բüͷ΢΢£ʦ, ˵ɣʵϹǰѾڶ˰, һô, ǽøĶѾܲˡ

ǫĽԲö涼һ顣

, ҲֻнԲûʸǫˡ

ҡͷ̾һ, 㽫Լ֪Ϣ˵˳
֪ǰźžͻȻǰʬɽһˡöӡͻȻǰʬɽ˳Ϊܻʬɽϡ

ѣż, ϻطҰӰҲɱȥһܻһܻƷ, ʱһ˿ǰ

ʱǰżƷִԼʮ£õǰһ½𵽴á

òȥʬɽɱҲֲʱéɽڻɱȱݡ

ԲͶһļϣĵʬɽ

*

Ʒ֣ʱֽԲͶѾʬɽһ

ΪƷڵĵӣü棬ԸµȥλéɽͬŹ

ʬɽΣأԲͶʦһжʬɽڴµš

ңһƵɽ屻ް㳹ڱΣԲȻ̾һ
ʦ֣벻ʬɽϾ˵ģ

˵ǰѹѾƺƴǴ˿̵ʬɽǴ߳ǼĿֲ

ԴɽϵҰŰµľžŰʮһ󱻳٣ʬɽɷһձһŨɽ鲼źں֮ɫȹѹͷ˸еϢ

Ҳ̾һǰʬɽգԡ

Բɨ۱ϣһ䣬ĵطӦܲסɣ



δĻк壬˽ϵͷ϶סɽϲɽˮаݳƻڶ޵֮ءǲסԻȷʵްġ˵ʮδ֮ʱʱڴ˴ռɽΪЩʬǳµĶѻɽ˴ɷ֮˻ʱɷ

߶߶ʬɽԲȴ۽ǣٴͶĶ

ʱǰÿڵʱ򣬶ر𰲾
ոյ⣬ʵš

˹һ䣬ǰɽ۴ͻȻ¶ʮˣֱֱͶ

Щһ봩źڰײΰĵۣһ봩źƵİ׽ۣǰźŵĵӣ
벻ǾȻδɽڴ˴š

ԲͶһۣѸȡ˸Է

Ϊ׵ĴʦֵӢǣһرƵĳԲͶһ
ĸŵģôڹʬɽˣ
ѲڰβǣҪ֪ܻ̽䣬ȸں

ŵĴʦǸӽģһյԻƷȽԲ˻شͶһ⣡

ֱҪˡ

Բ̴֣߶Χһ

ˮûͱ١

˫һ֣̣ۣվ

ԲͷĵӡѾɱֻ
ǰΪʬɽѰһ·϶ҲŻɱֻ

ˣ򵥡

ɾ㲻򵥣Ҳ˰ˡ

źűΪѰ׼ܼƣιĵһ͸ˡ
ȻֻˣȻҪˣ

ͷʱŵӢҲ뷨

˼ĸࡣ

ԲΪڣǲ󾳽磬ȴ׵ĵ»Ӥڵһڴ˴Ҳڵʲô˿óȻ֣˵İأöƣҲҪй

ӢǼѾս⣬ɵ°һ

ɵȻֱӶ֣
Ҳգһ̣ܾˣ֮

ӢվƻӶеĹףҪֵӡ

Ȼııƭ̤ǰһȳԲ˹ȥ
ϵĹվʬɽϣ

ʦֳִ֣ҲԲ˹ȥ

ŵĵӢЦһߴˣΧͬʹƣûһ㵽Աȥˡ

ٶûнԲ죬ӭȥʱѾŵס޷
СʦСİ

Բŵס߻һʦ֣վԶЩ

̲µԲҪˣݶϾͿ򣬻ñСʦᰡ

ͷ£ͼٶȳ嵽Բ棬յԻƷ

ϧƸվͱԲסȥƣŵ£ȴû㱻һ׵ͷ£

䣡



ž

һ׺죬ҽһһŨζҵϣ֪

İŵӼʦ־ȻˣȺϣҪΧȣȴϽԲֱⲼһİɫ󷨣Ǽʱ⣡

һڵŭɫֳַηļҪǿƿԲ󷨣ȴаŵĺܣʮȥûһƿʮӴֲıըϣ˲һɫڵɳȥ

ء
һ½ӰɢأֻغϾȫʹûս֮

̸֪СʦúȲһԲɵƯ

ڰĵӢԵһʶ˽Բݡ
׿ڣܻܻӤڣŮޡǽԲѾץ𣿡

Ŀʦܣʦҡͷ֪

޹ֵӢǲ²࣬ڰźʬɽ֮ǰǾѾõڲϢ˵ԲǿǱ֣ڱͨС

ǺεȵطԲҽȥȻûܱųġ
ӦΪԲѾץˡ

û뵽Ȼö˶˳ˣ

˵͸ûȥôöԸˣ

ӢǵͬԲöԸŰŶˣϽȥѰܻ

ܵķǳ죬ʦֵ˦ں棬е㱻ŵӡ

*

ΧǱ˶ܹˣԲų󣬺Ͷǰս֡

һڵӱư㴮ɴ¶ţġ

Բߵǰѡ

žž

ѣҪ㣡

ջ۾ӦƬ̺ϳ˽ԲݣףǣǽԲ㲻ǸñѺ𣿡

Ѳǳ涼ûܽ£

л㱵벻ףԲľҪˣæ¸ߺģĪɱңĪɱңԸŵĹϣֻһС

ʵֻһЩĽԲ˵㡭ԸŵĹøң

ˣҲȥôû뵽ȡʤķӣ
ǸźˣһץסǵͷҲ編Ƶİѹһˣ

Բ˴¶һѾĽթЦݡ

⸱ŵԽ˶ͷԸ⣡Ը⣡

˵վʹӻȡһöĹ˫ֽ
̬Ͽޱȣ½Բ⡣

ԲӹЩ֣ǴôãôɱֻԾɣ

ɾڴʱ˶һʦСģ

֪ʲôʱϵֲһյԻƣڽԲͷ鿴ʱѾԻƳԲ˹ȥ

Բ̫ˣϣ͵ˣ

˶δӦ֮ǰԲȴӿһ⽫סͳյԻƾ˹ȥ

ԻƱݺ˦ʣԲڷӦݺݲһ
ӤڣȻҰң

أ

űȥԻƾҲڿбı鿪

Իƺ˽֮ʣ̼һѪ

ۡ

*

ʱԲȼһź

Ԥί

Ѿżĳ𽭰ԲСʦãû°ɣʲô̫ˣ㣬Ͳ͵Ϯˣ

Բźϣûдʲô󷨡

ɶѾڼƺŭȥʰˡ

һٶͷߣǲײĲᣡ˵ǵӡĶȥĶˣ

ߵıף˵죬ڣţһȥѰˣӡУӦ

һѳĽң⿪ƣͷӡŵߵߵ˻

ԲԭأŸղŵվơ
ʲôֺʲôû롣

Сʦãӡˣõ˰ŵĹʦʦһȥѰܰŵĹҲιõһпˣ

ʶСʦõĹ˵ӡ

Բ񣬻Ȼͷ
ãʦ֣ġ

ĺֱʱȻɢ

˶ûעĵط

ʱ㵣ҲƽԲöδ

ոգѾڶʶֱԲˡ




106.  106 16   һΣ㡭

ŵһޱԲʹ¶

һͲᵽܻ, ȴʬɽͷԲߣԽԽֱӸڵϷȥ״ž

ȻΪιڶʤ, ż㱻éɽڶ߹, Ҳܵõڵڲɼ, ҲǴڶڰŵڲƻ

ϵ֪󵱼ŭɳһȥΪڡ

۶ԽԲ֮Ѿãζӳ죬ֵ˻ץ, ֱ۱һ·ʬɽڵĸ

ϧٿ, ҲûƷ۵ٶȿ졣

׳־嵽¶ʱ򣬽ԲѾ˳ʦŻϣʬɽڡ

*

ʬɽ, ֣ɽΪ, ײӦɽͷ, ݻƬ֡
µĹ񾶡Ϊʳ֡ϷǿݹǾʯ֡

Բʦʦ߸ѡȫĹɽ, ֻе, һ·Ҳоա

ֻΨһĵط

Ǿǳ˰ź⣬ƺҲɽ

ߵҲƬ񾶣Ϊ·㣬ֱӽ·ѹһرԵĸ·ۼ

Բһǰ濪·һһߺʦʦһɽϢ
ιöӡֻöź, һö֪䡣һϵʬɽģӦӵöӡ˰ɣ

һԵͷСʦµĲˡһ˽˵ʱֻ, ˵ΪȴлڣҲѹõӡֱɽһֱܻӽ

ʦѩĺۼҲƲЩõϢ
ѹۣӦҲ⼸ϵɽȻС͵ĸ·ɸ·ʱһЩԶҲԷ޿֣űӮľġ

ⷬ۽󣬼˶Ĭ

ǼΪߵҲǻӤڵһСʦýԲȻܴ򣬿ϻҲֻ˱ᡣ

Բ˶ɫֻǶڵһЩõ¡
ʦʦ㣬Ȼлڵĵޣǿһѵһóȥõڶˣ

һ뷨ɽƽڵ˶ͷһͣȴ׷׻Ȼʡ

Բ˵ǰ

һֱҪһȻ˻кһ·ߡ

ڵĶתΪԼİֻ֣õڶҲ˫Ӯķӣ



Сʦãÿɽƽ̾һֻԼִ

һͻȻʲôƵͷСʦ㣬Ҽǵ֮ǰ㲻Ȱ˵Ҳͦõô˵ҪһءôͻȻҪڶˣ

һᣬһСʦôǰȷ˵ĵԡ

ͻȻסԼԲЦЦ֮ǰҺʦ־Ѿͬźŵĵ޽ˡ

ȸԾıȻƣ潭Բ䣬ʦʦ㣬ǿɲ֪ŵĵΪжˮǸʦһ־ͱСʦõļ׸ըˣһ

˵սƷֵĹͽȡˣǻŵĹͽҶˣҺСʦûŵһţҲһˣʱڶֿɵã
벻СʦõӰ£һ򱯹۴ʦܶ񶼻ʴˡ

ɽƽ˶һۣԵĹȡҲһ
ǼʮҲûţһΧץֻֻͨ
һ㣬ǿɾоֻˣȷʤ㰡
ǰǰ

ʦŰ˵ٶȳӯҼӿٶȣҹʱִ񾶣ִʬɽĶŴ

*

Ϊ걻֮ʬɽһɳ֮ɫҹɫﾹҲڻΧİ⣬ɽͷԵ

ѾɭֲɲˣĿĹľҲΪʳֶԿݻ˥ۣ͸һ˥ܶ־ĿֲϢ

ԲһȦΧ䲻ϼźֵĹ꣬˺һ㵽ʦ˵м䡣
ʦʦ㣬Ҹоеˣǿ·ɡ

أǲΧͶľ֦

ɽƽѾ֪¹ʵ͵͵Цȴû

˾ڹѾԾǰһΧǡ

λʦڶҲ࣬ӡĴ̽Ѱܻ

ʱѩͻȻһӡָ򳯱һࡣ
ˣ

öʵӡ˿΢ط߲⣬ÿӡϵĹâ

˵˿̾ķϣ

Բڵļ˶˷ܵת˷򣬿ɳĬõʱȴڴʱͻȻԲһ䡣
ȥˣǴ̫Σգܻǻ˼С

Բö¹·ɫһͣ
ʦʦ㣬ȻѾȷطǲڴ˴һ£Ҳһ˽

ҲˣҰһҹҲȷЩƣɽƽΪ޻ûע⵽һ㣬״ϽԸҸԴϢʱټ·

ԲҲѰ˴ʯ£ȴδǴӶｫС

ϤϢ˻ϣʱĵ򽭰Բ
㲻ǲϲӡ𣿡

Ϊ

ԲЩĻص˭˵ˣָ

ʱû̫к壬ȴЩɣ˹ڲٳ

*

ʦڹš
ԲЩʳ
Сʦã㱻ڹǣÿտɳԱˣҸ˺öʳ

ԲЦһ⣬͵ߣŵһϤĹζ

ʦڹŻһԹԵŸ㣬ԲɫһɿĽ£ʦϵʳҲһ˹
ʦ֣ˣⶫԾ

˵վȼһ𣬽ʳ



ʳкʳһգðоɢһɲݺԵɷ

ѶΧɽƽ˷׷ױɫ

ɷⶫôʳģ

ԲѾٴеʦڹŵ

䲢ûгɷ·ڵȴ˿ʼļ

˵ʦڹѾɷ

æ͵ذڳ˫ȥ
ʦ֣ס˫ɷ

Ŀһתֶ־һ˲㱵Ķʦ˪

Ķ䣬Ҳɷĺںӡ֣

ã

ʦ㣡ôҲǧҪż

Բ˫ɴཫʦȫ˽

ڵϵĳ˪ڹŻЩûӦԼ

˪ӼЩСʦãɷˣӦðҺʦһֱ˫ذ

ڹŻŵϱճɻҽʳУ¶ǰСʦãһᵨС󷨴δ뿪ߣô

ģֹˡ

ֻƬ̹ȥʦ˾ʦѩҲɫ㱵ίڵء

һӺ󣬾һããԾɷ˫ƣ

ʦ߸˻޴ʦֺѾйɷĽԲͶ񣬾Ȼת۹͵

ƫƫԲΪ̵˫ȴû𵽸Ԥá

ڴʱѾβõļЦĴӿȻǱⳤݽӰͦñֱ

Բ㵽׻ˣ

ۣô
ԲһȶЦԵãµľ֣

һŭѹֲסĴűһȼǡ

ʱ˽Բġ

ʷδýԲ侲һ߬۵۾Ȼ档
ۣ˵ңһΣҵģ




107.  107 17   һһ

Բ԰ձ㳯ֱ, ˳ڱ·žһ׵֮ɫһʱ侹֮Ƶÿ

УһϮȴᶨӰٳ۳˹ȥ

飡

ཻ, ˲䷢һĽӵ

̬ɵĽԲ, ϲһɫ

û뵽ڳԻ̼ӳ, ԲٶȱȻӤڻҪһ֣

ϧҲֻˡ

һζ㿪ԲϮĹ¶Цݡ
ԲΪȴٶѾܲˣҵҪ㳤, ֪, Ǻǵģ

飡

ԲûشٶȾϮжӰ·ֱӴ˼׵ĺۼ

ۼ𾯾ܿͽԲĽӴתʼι

ûԲӵеķӡ֮

һܡ

ɽô

ƳԼͬ½Ӻõĵı, ٶٴμӿ죡

ת֮侹ͽԲһ֣ռϷ磡

*

ɽƽͶһάɷλͬ, Բͼ۵սֿʼ, Щǡ

ʦ, ôۺǰտĲ̫һˣ
ֻл굤, ֱ治۵ΪǷȴԲԷĹƼЩͱ˵ζ

ʹǰоļۣЩͬ

˵ǰļЫǽձǱޣ˿û֮⡣

ɽƽͷһμ, ҲǺܺжϣСʦõĹ۾Ȼܺ൱, ȻҪȵеĻӤǿܶࡣ

һʱЩ۾
ֻۣӣ⡭Ҫͻˣ

ͻƣͻƣ
ɽƽ뿴

һͷ
ԣͻơѾǻӤڣڵĹȴĻӤȻսģҪͻˡ

ӤͻƣӦǴԲɣΪʲôҪͻƵ
ɽƽʶòԡ

*

ڣ
սеĽԲҲڲˣ

ܿ۵ⳤ㵳

ԭҲҪôһЦҲûأֱӽһٽּȶķſ

飡

ɢĹƣȳҲֱֺӱ㽫һƬм

ԲյЪϢƬֱ̣ӽ˦ֱƳӰ򽭰ԲҪ

Բ򲻹ҵģɣ

䣿ΣԲҧأִˣ׾ٵıٴٶȣ㿪Ĺ

飡

ٶȸ˼бƹȥȴɱɱļ

ڵΪ̸Цѣ

Բ׶֮Ĳ֮Ҳ֪ƾڵΪҪ¼ǲʵ뷨

Ȼ򲻹ǾֻȡˣתΪأʼ

ۼԲʼĴأµ޼ƿʩˣ۴˷ܲϵĴ򽭰ԲȴȻֻܴӰ

ԲȻ٣

ֱԵĴ߶󣬳Ӧһҹȥ

أ

ȥȻ˶ȴһ˽Բεķʯ

ѹ󣬷Բ֮ڣȻʼֵ

ǡ

ʯ𣬵ƾ·Щǵ۵뻨һϳеĻƣ

̰Ҫ󶥲Խȥ

ɽԲȴʱͻȻ֣Ϸ

УѾãһűѽըϹ⣬Ҫֱֱ㽫Ϲͷ

ıϹҵԻᱻ֮׵ϵ

üɫһǿֹסƣһ㳯Ŷ˹ȥ

䡪

֮׼ڵһֱӷһ죡

ɵĳԶĶ񼸸̲ס浲

ھеĽԲȴҲգԹΪɺݺѹҪѳļۣ

·

ֻӲȥ

ǸӦģͻȻͱһ⣬ӶһϤĺ⣬㶼ڣ

İ£ԭҪļۣһƻأ

Ҳֻһ˲ȥŵ·ڼͷɸԲУ

ˣ

һ壬ԲƳ۶ɳһڳлء

ΪѾҧѪۣ¶Цȴޱȡ
ۣ㲻ҵҪΣ

ŭĻӽңȴֻԽ̣

󣬾潫סˣ

ŭгԲ򲻹ֻĵķб·ҳҶҪãܣ

ԲŲϢ£󷨹·ɹ۵˹ȥ

ԲЦһɵҶ򲻹㣬ΪʲôҪۣʵôʦʦµĶʹ죬һȫʬ͵ű׽֮ɼθ|ʬɣ

ŲϢӦըһɫףɹü۱ɫ

ԭأһȦԼУЦһ˿½Բв
Բɱңﳤ϶ұ𣡵ʱһܴʦ˵һ׬أλͬţûнҩֻܵɷŰˣ

û뵽⼾۾Ǹ첻ߵģԲͷһ˵Ķ϶Ѿֳۼɷ·ȷǾϮԿƵģڹ˲úͼ۴̣תصʦż˵ߡ

Ϊʲô˫Ѿˣʦʦȴɷ棬Զƣ
ԲżĽ̽һȴҲؼĵ㡣

ΪĶʦ˪ʦѩѾȺڵϣʼ΢΢
ʦֺʦҲ͵ı۾ɷʴ

Բۿ΢죬δأʱͻȻڶ
зӾǡޡ

ֻһ䣬Բıֹסˡ

Ĵˡ

ѾʱְĵĴΡ

ǰܵơһΣٲܹ֪
ǰлл㣬У֮ǰ£һһġ

Բһ˵һ߽ס˻

ϤϢһ˲Χƣʱ徹ȻеĪĺһ˿˿Ϊѣʶ˽ԲҪǾ䣬ϰȴӦһ
鷳ԣĩβƼ䡣

Բ׼

Ƭ̺󣬻ڳһɺһ˪ѩ˾ڹڡ

ɷ˿˿ƵĴͷڶ뱻ߡ

ʱźȥɷߣ˻ڡ

һ˵־ָ׷׻ת

ɽԲȴڿɷ󣬲Ұһ

ԭ

ǰ˵ľˣԼ

ƺһֱûпǰġ




108.  108 18   öӡ¡

һսЪ, éɽڰ˸˶˲ˡ
ȻϵɷѾʱգڵȴҲҲһʱԻָ

ܻǰ, ʱɽ, Ҷġ
ȥһ˵ǸСۡ

Բɽƽϼƺ, ɴ뻹ʬɽΧصˣɽڽ

۷¶УվŸ, 㽭Բɱ, ҲҪ˼ԽԲҲֻǽڣֻá

*

éɽк, Ҳм˴ͬʱʬɽϽ

ߵŻɫҩ۵Ļشá
Ϊ״ӵǡ

ʦ㣬ܻʬɽ𣿡شСʦƸʦ߰æ, һ߻ںķʡ

ͷ
ˣϢǻʯģ
˵ʯ, һ, Ȼˡ
ǮҲֵ, 滹һرõϢǾǳźͰʬɽ⣬Ҳһȥʬɽ

Ű̺淢ʡ

ȴźҡҡͷ
ҲԴŽǰĿԣϧζԸ˵ȥˡ

ʵܲµ֮һéɽڣû뵽, Ȼһš
ΪҲǸЩϵڻǾֻ˵ŵʵǿ
ǿ涼ѡݱܷâ, ˡ

뵽ˣֻͷһθһʦʦǡ

شõԲμӱĵӱ궼࣬󲿷ֶѾ굤ڣǴδйĺûᣬǰ滹ĸҪ̤ƽǻشҲ㹻ʸһǰ

ץ·һ

õĴʦ㣡һʦʦӦ

*

ϷʯڣͬʮڣڼǰС
Ϊ׵һһŮ֮ͬˣȴ޷

޼ԷԼҲʧĲͣĶԷ
Сʦãʯʯڶ࣬ɵöСĵ㡣

СʦðԷ˸۸é彣ܲ
éʦ֣㿴һŲСˣôĿܣöһ

Ѿ֪μé彣ˣһ䣬Щԭé彣˵ĲéڵǱ㷴Ӧé彣ڰҰܡ

é彣Գ˳ǣʦʦöȻĿԼҧۣȴֻܼǿӲЦݡ
Сʦãˣҷǹ㡣

һéʦ֣㻹ǶĹԼɣδӳУɱٷϴεĴһʦʦٳǿҪĵģðéɽڼȥУ

é彣ȥеļңЦӦ
ʦ˵ǣεĿǼéɽڣõģҶӰѾ·ϱɽģһҪéɽ֮ǰȶܻ

*

֪һβ͵ĽԲˣѾ˳Ŷ˰ɽ

˵Ҳ֣ݴΣصʬɽ˽¾ƽأöδپֵ·

֪ɽƽͶֻǱǰһ·Ϸ࣬ʱʱͻСе龪һ

Բ֪һжΪʱ壬ѹѹ첲ٴĵл
ǰлǿ·

ӸղſʼԲǽллʹڿͷͣ˵

ʱ廹ԼٸͦõģɱлĴˣӦٶۣԾ

ǺýԲĶָǰȻǺʹǰһˣȴǾö֮Щʲô

ĹֶѾǲɢԺúѯһʱ廰յߣǰбӿһѶȴӴʬ֣ԲͶɽƽΧ

ʱɻ󣬽ԲѾʦַɢԻӳȺʬӭȥ

ʬû־Ҳ֪ʹ࣬õջ޵Ĺߡ

ԲɣɢʮʬֺȴտҲʲôص

ֵͬĶɽƽҲһΡ

аˣʬֺôûɽƽǱ߿һۡ
ɽƽҲͬ˾䡣
ҲûУ

볯Բ߿СʦҲҡҡͷҲûУЩʬ̫࣬ҪȻǻһ°ɣ

˵ͷϣʼһ߱ʬ֣һ߻ǰ

*

ڶ嶥ŵʼٸߵӢڶʦʦǳɽ¼ӽɢۡ

㣡⿪ܻϵķӡٻʱЩħ·ɲЩСлɽͷ

İɴʦ֣·ֵۣڵĻǰæƳӡһѾֵˣ

ǰһܻĽΧʩƳӡ

һͷ׷Ļߣڵ

ִһöͭԴԴϵĸǰһСڹע

ڣһöͨӨ׵СӦǴ˴ιĿܻ꣬

ŵĵἰԼˬʵЦ
ŵλСѻǫ鰡Ȿڻݻ֮£ǲҲϷʮֻͷ˵ռˡ

ӢЦݽٴμӽߴ١
¿㣬Ͻϵ˳ȥֻҪǶ죬ʱǾιĵһˣ

һʦʦ۴˷ܣԽӿٶȣ

ɾڴʱϱһ۵ĵͻȻһ߷ɣֱֱˤĻϣ

Сģߵ״һȴߵŮӭǷĵҲһš

أ
ء

ǵӱȺѸǰغͺϣʹôûĻ

ؼ״һȡԼ̿ǰ֮
С֮͵Ϯ

Уǰ߷ǵ޵˾Ȼĳˡ

ǸαȻظ߲˶ٵŮޣݰͰ͵ֻһ˫Ӿ˵

ȴϲ۾
ѣȻҲɽˣ

ǧʬִƳһɽ·ĽԲ

󻹸ͬƣĶ

ɽƽѾֹص˻ھ

û뵽ϵɽˣԲҲΪˡ
ƵѣԭǾǸȡ˵öӡŰ

ˣ

ŵӦǰүүģֱӾʹӹôӡˣһ

ѵˣŸ˵һ룬Ļһ䡣
أר󣡡

ط׹ԲѾԼĶ֣ԶԶͷȻѸٻصԼλٴοʼ顣

ŵĵӢǽӵ˻ʾ⣬һʦʦõ˽ԲͶǰ

éɽڵλѣ벻ҪǰˣѾڵĻܻٶ֣ȥԴɱˡ




109.  109 19   Լսʬɽ

Ӣǲ˼Ϊ֮, ˵ļмȻ˽ԲͶǰᵽȴǻڵĻ

Ҫѹˡ

ԲԻ, Ͷͣԭء
ԭѾڵ˰, ˵ǵȷһ

ԲʶȤ, ӢǵЦ֣ĵ㵽λéɽڵĵɱЩ, ȥ, Ǳ߱ʬɽΣյӣﲻħ֣вٰ, ɱֻϷ֣һܵøΡ

⻰ǰͷŻ, Խβ;Խþ, Բǰɨһ, Ͷ񳯱
Ȼ˵޶, Ǿȥ濴

ܻǰʯ̨ϣţɱٶֱõܻõļƷֶࣿ

Բ̬Ϊ˼ӢǺǻķˡ

ͶѾ˼ȥӢǶѾ䱸Ļȴɽ䱸ʮ, ϻһλεİɫ

Ȼڷ񱻸ղһ͵Ϯ

ػڸԲʹɫ͵͵
ѣүү, òǵñЩԾˣܻ֣ɰ

ֻ붯ֵĽԲ

û뵽ղλ˹

˼ɴڱһʯͶ

ӢǼǹȻû뿪ɫ֪λε׼ַӡʱܻˡ

ղۼʶڵĽԲ־˻ӤڵİȻлӤڣŵ

Ҳ˵⽭Բʤ㲻

Ǿڴ˴ȥпӰ쵽ܻĹ

Ӣһ㶢סѾǻ굤ڵĻء

Ȼֻл굤ڣиڵĵүү𰡣

ȥ򽭰Բڴ͵Ϯ˵ܴƤéɽڡ

һգӢǰĳ߹ȥ
éɽڲСǶڴ˴ܾҪвǣֹɷڵĻһԼսéɽڵĵɽ

ԼսǹﳣԴ취

һ޷ֵԴ˫˱ȶ㵽ֹӮˣռԴˣֻ롣

ӢѾҲǸţæƳԲ󷨣ǽԲͬһͨڵޣΪ塣

ò˵ӢĻơ

ϧȥûƵѾǽԲ°ܽ

Ľ飬ɫĪĳãδӦȷһ䡣
СѣȷҪȥǸԲԼսһСŮҲ򲻹ǽԲѲžҪܻ𣿡

ԼǰѾѸõĹóˣһ죬Ǻѡ

ȴϱӢ˻ɵ
һͦθӣѲɻҴ򲻹ǽԲֻ󷨴ԶɽڵǰȷöԸҲƵѰæ󡣡

׳־ζЦݣҲգȻǾʹŮȥ԰ɡסͽԲԼ㵽ΪֹȻеܡ

Ӣûδ֮ԣֻ˷ܵ˻س

һԼҪͽԲ󷨣ԼսͲ⡣

үүȴ˵ͷ˼޷

Ž󷨡

q(s^t)rô

ؾϴ⣬͵Ӣվ˽Բǰ

*

ԼսԲһӢǵķӣҪ治סЦ͡

ǿѹסϲ⣬״ĿӢǡ
˵ѣԼսȻǹﳣᷨӣéɽܹǺһһˣðѱõֵԴóȥǿúܣ

Ӣ԰мɨ۽ԲӰ壬˿⡣
ѣȻԼսȻҪԼҲͽѻħġǰǿɵ˵ˣȶ䣬Һ䣬λƵѺ󷨡Ǵ򶷵ʱ򣬱㲻ˣñһҪɽҪԶ˴һ

ԲͶһۣǺЩ̫ѯʦ֣˵ҪԼս˵ǽӻǲӣ

Ҳͬüɫص̾һСʦãһôҲǸӣܴܲ᲻ǣ

һԵĻؼʦʦݵǽб棬ֱ顣

ٿӢʱѾͬ顣

ڸɽۣһ˱ܶԸֻĹ¶ϸĻӤڣֱֵͷ⡣

֪֣ͽԲԼµʱɫʮֿԡ

*

ԼսӣӢȡףȽԲֱֱӳ˹ȥ

Ĺ׻ȴڰл˻Σȫգ

ˣˣԲٶҲʮ˵ã൱ˡ

ӢǹһЦ䳶һԻ̴ϡ

ͽëϣýԲԼĶԸܵʱ򣬶ŻûŰɣ

飡

˳Ի̵ĵӢٶȹȻٶҲҵ˽Բϣһ󹥻

״ĵӢԽ٣׷˱ԼеĽԲ׾𣬳ͷݺ˹ȥ

˭˵ȶҪ㵽Ϊֹģ

Բĺֶݷˣ˭֪᲻ڰ͵ܻѪɽźһ



ĳ˵ʹ

ȴǵӢΪĽԲǡԼ

ӢżѪԿǱأǲţҲҪѿˡ
⣬ôܣôƵĿҵĻһ㰵󷨣

ԲŴӿȴ˿ûбеĺۼŵӢһЦ̬ټİȻԸ㣬Ҫʲô󷨣ɱԼ𣡡

ѣӢùָŽԲȷʵûгԻ̣һεضͻȻٴγ˹ȥ

󷨣ҾͲҴ򲻵㣡

û뵽˻͵ϮһԵĻص¶һ˿ż

ɨȻԵȻĽԲʦֶż̻

˼ʦֶĵģɲʲôϣ

ؿ򳡼䡣

ӢѾĿѵĳԲףݺȥ

䣡ҵڵϺݺݻһӣȴ͸ղһûܴ򵽽Բϡ

ˣѰԲټˡ

ڴʱԲȻͷн𣬾ΥĳӢ˸

㲻ǲܴھķڷ

¡¡

Բû֣ھһֱڻܵĻɽ㣬ֱӾͳӢǾ˹ȥ

ó䳾ɢ䶨ӢѾѪԵڵأ֪

һŵĵӶû뵽ʦֲŴƬֱ̾ӵز𣬷׷¶ֻ̣ڵ

һΧ۵ĶԤϵһĵȻ

սĻٶȼʶ˽ԲĿ¹²ӣͷҽһɲ͸ֵˣ

Ͱ͵ĻͷԼүүȴȻĹ۲ս֣Ŀȴ䵽˽ԲеϣĹӰҲ𣬼ȡ

Ǳŵˣ

˳үүĿ⿴˽Բ

ϴڸɽʱ⼣߰ߵģ

ȴģµοշ

һһӨתײһʻĺۣοջơƺĶ

ʶԼүү




110.  110 20   Щʵɡ

ڻ˵ע, ԼսĽԲԹԵʰս֡

ģһŵĵӽӢǷȥιʳҩſڸˡ
Ӣǣ͵Ϯ¶ҲͲƽ, Լս, ˣ͵˵һ, ھ͸Ͻɣ

Ӣǳ˳飬ԲԸõĿأƵ, 㻹ûأ
˵ܱӮ, ܱ˽Բ

ڵӢ̴ϣУؼһ, ȴǳԲǳӢ̾һ
˵, ˵, Ҵǰʶ, 󷨡Ҳͱȹġٱ, ˷ʱ䡣˵㻹Щʵ˵ذɣžûܻҲǰ

ûȵӢǷӦһϲɫĽԲסˡ
ʦֶһۣĿأƵ, ûܻҲǰô˵ҪƷ֣ӦҲ

ԲͻȻͣ, ˡ

ˣѹ߰ŵĹʱȻۣȴûʮɥ

ԭźͰţһֱС֡ڰаǻɱ

û⼸ֻļƷ֣Ҳһк̨ܻĵһã
ܻļƷ֣Ҳſпޣ

ӢԲĻ⣬һɥq(s^t)r
Բ㶼ܵҲ֪ЩĻˡǼȻڶΣȻܻƷԴҪǾøǺˣҵҪлڣôܻߣ

ӢݻͼΪʵĴһʦɽȥˡ

*

ֻʣéɽ˺ˡ

ڶŽԲȻĲ|ඵֱǳ鴤ȴʲô˵ջĿ⡣
벻СڣȴһǺηСﰡ

ԲǫһЦֱֱŻµ󷨣öͨӨ׵ܻˡǾתɣ벻ܻȻҲֻл黻齫Ƴˡ

ܻҲ󷨻ţɴЩ̫ѵûֻҪ֣ձᱻƿ

ɽתȴ˼ˡ

㲻󣬸ǻ󣬴һ󷨡

ҪõĶǽ黻ȫڽ⡣

ոŵʮ޶Ӥڣȴûǰ飬ûڵĻ֣˵ҪӴ

תٵð굤ڵʿһֲƿˡ

ڲѾڶźͰôΪҪһֲƿľתʱ䣿

뵽Բֿת󼸲Ҫ۲һ¡

ʱ𲻹岽֮ңûиڷܵ

ؼԲǰ˹ȥѣ벻ҪǰˣܻȻδүүȡѾȷڵ֮ڿݹĶˡ

һΣȴһأλѹ԰ɡ

ף

ŤͷԼүүɫ󣬲֧Ųסӣ˼ղſ·ԲĶһۣӦ˿ȻүүˣǾ뽭һɡ

ԲĿѾȫ⾫δϵɫ

Ҳ˿һԼλóСѣѾЩ뷨ˣҲǰƿܻļƷ֣Ҳһ֡

λԸüƷ֣ҿɾҪˣЦųͷԲȡվȥԾԾԡ

һ¶ٴס˻Ŀ⡣

ȻĵײһźɫۣϵοջƵȷǾл

ǵӡʱĶɷл

ɫһ˲Ķٴβȣȴһǿջߡ

δһеĽԲ򻹳УϼһƼ׳ת˽ȥ

Ȼֻ㹻ƿɾ𲻼Ъ飬Ѿ΢

ֻҪܽ취ͽڲתƿˣ

ⷨӣʵղŻҲ뵽ϲ޴ֲÿƣ˵ڵܻԲȻ뵽üףʱ¶ɫ
СѲţü󣬵ȷӡ

ڽԲĿ£һһεıתڡ

һʱܱȡֻܻҪٹƬ̣ٴˣ

ɾڴʱ䶯֮

ڽԲͻһһҵĿʼͻȻʹϤ

һŻɫҩۣǴͷĻش۵ޡ

һͨ۵éڣͷİé彣ԭڿ˺ȴŽĿһ

ķ֮£Сʦϳ˽ԲӰʶкѣɰҲ

һͱԼҴʦ㵱һƣ׵Сʦܣ񽭵ǵĶ֣ɱ첲ճȥС㣡

ίίˡ

أ

ʱɵĲɣڴʱԲµļڴ󷨵һ˾תڣһ󷨱Ƶ

ᣬȴݺӣһ˲˳˵Ŀ⣡

ܻζҲƶӿشۺ̵źεض𣬳Բڳ˹

ܻˣȥ˭ĵ˭ģ

ȥéɽںڲˣôˣֻҪժܻܵƷ֣

˷ĺһڷɧң

ͽԲû뵽ֻ˸ζȫ˹ʵؼһƿ

ɫһ̱󽫴˴ǿзȴƳΧصŮغһǰһ󱻳ĵΧס

ôˣΪֶͻغ൱ǱȻҪ˵ģ
£ʱϵĶתȥˣ

ʱתֻʣԲһˣû뵽𲻴кͳ֣Բϣת˲ͳϯʼϵ

һ˲ƲסĽ˾תϣ⣬汻תȥһɢˣ

ڴʱ嵽ǰļشۺéڵĵҲڼתȥҪܻȡ

û뵽תȻҲ˴ĳ˹ȥһʱ߰˸˺ͽԲһת󳹵סܿƵĿʼ룡

ŷܻ󷨻δƿҪ飡

ɵ뿪ʱȴѾ춼ֻĵѳӿ

尡ץܻ

һժģ

һңÿ

ûһ

ЩĵޣڽӴǰ޵һ˲Ҳתסգ۹󣬾תΧһƬĵޣȫ޷

ڴʱѾɽźͰţȴӶٶȳ˷ҵս֣

λ񶼱תסˣľ㶯£

վǻܻõһģ

Ųǵһ

İźŻţһԲϾͿʼ

ɫͷâڽڳʬɽĶڶͷϵλǷ׷಻ѡ

ʬüҡͷʥǳְæỨȴʵɢŵޣǿϧ

ʬȺѰʲôʬģ쿴ǸԲôˣ

ԭȴڶͷϷ˽Բ䣬ǿһأû뵽ȵ󣬾ȻȵҶĽ֡

עĽԲȻҲˣ

ʬ̽ʶֻۣԭܻľתλãȻǿ飬ǰĽԲȴȷʧȥӰ

Ҳ֪˭ڻкɤӣѶҩźͰл῿ղһ

һ䣬𣬺սһŵˣ

һʱ֮ͷԽң

ҵ۾еޱ˸ţһӶǰһиʲôǰ˳ȥ

ʬĺʬ״׷׵ɴ۾ǰ޿ȴ÷

ǲһʲôһű£С

ܻ

Ȼһûƿ

ˣǴˣܻȥٲѰģ

ȴڴʱһССӰٵ޵սԾУܻµķ޷˵׷˹ȥ

СѣǴӣ򲻿ɣӺ׷ȴֻץס˽Բһ°ڡ

ڶ嶥£Բ׷ܻӵף




111.  111 21(׽)   ⡭

ۼŽԲȻΪ׷ܻ뱱, ŻҲһȥڷͷԹ۵Ļ̼ˡ

ʬȻźµ׷˹ȥ
ʬ㣬´, ȥӻʥ

ʬһ, ͷǱѹֵڵޣŭ, ҳ嵽¶ȥҪ뿪ʥˣȫʥᣡ

һձ±ϸջ, ɽޱ˹ȥ

, ͬʮӤڵĻҲɽ׷˹ȥ

޵ʧͳ֣ס¶ڶλޣȴҲЩ类ɽͷȴѹƵǳ׽, һһĴӶӿ೯ɽϵΧ˹ȥ

*

Ѿ׹µĽԲ֪ɽԽԽ, ȫ׷ǶӨӨ׹ܻ

ʬɽ滷, һԨ, µ׳, ټ᰽֮ءڡ

ڴŵĻǣҲӲ㣡

Բ׷ֻʶȵʱҲԼˣֿܻɼĵطȡ, һ·ļ־Ͷһգ

˼棬ٽϵĳԻŤתΪֵ, ϵĶȡһ

Ƕ仹ڰ£ŵܻڱ룡

ץˣ

Բٶ룬׻Ϻĳǽڴȥ

ɲ䵽µףذ

̡

±ڻһֹס˽ԲƣҲˡ

ȻĻм䣡

ΧѾ˳֣ʱҲӻڸնˡʱӡ

ΪޣҰҲȽԲĳԶֻɨһȦüͷ
±Ժǧǰһɷʴù˻ĥʯԲﶼûкʵ㣡

Բһ±ϴ£ȻӦֻлֵĻĥʯУڴʱΧĶɷ֮ȻŨϵĳԻ̶ʴķ

ʱȻü̱ҪɺԲɽԲȴӽȡһµķʯԼ󽫻ȡ˫ĿƵĿ
ǰһкܶŲϢķʯΣ㣡

仰ʱͷһ˲ֵĸоŲϢȷֹסµĶɷŨŵͷ˻ڡ

Ƕɽʿо󷨣ŲϢȳԻķʯ֪࣬Χڵܲ͸˿ʱʯȻĽԲڡ

ˣ

ÿ°

һһСٺð˳

ǽԲ

˻Էһ˷ˣܻܻǲǵˣ

ǰɡԲƣҲûжִӶȡܻһһֻ־±ڣһֻöµŲϢʱ׼ŵȷʯѺ

Ҳ֪ΧɿأŲϢȻһֱûٵĺۼ

²ͽԲԼоˣڵʱ嶼Щ졣

Һ͹һսʱҲżȻһΣµ׵֮£εĻ޶ס󷨵Ǿ

ԲеŲϢ󣬲һ䣬ҲĲ󷨣ǡƬ

ǧ궼δе߻̽ôµ׵ʵ֪

ŲϢ׷ҲǶ׵󷨣жɽڴܵӼӳ֣Ҳ˿û٣οΧѾʵʡ

ͨ͸࣬ˣö󣬸òպӵ׵Ķǰɣ

Բ϶ĵ˵ͷҲֻԭܽˡ

ɵٴοеöӡŲϢķʯҲ

üģ԰ĽеķʯͻȻ±ںݺݻȥ

䣡

顪

ǡ

ʯԴɢڻĥʯϻһ࣬ŷʯ벻ı仯ˣ

ŲϢȻ±һ·ûʴ̫ۼĻĥʯȻ·һѺۣ

ԲץסὫһѲ±ѺϣڳɹֹסԼ»ƣ

˵ҲУԭڶܻȻ©˳ȥڽԲŵУܻžડһ£䵽ֻдġ¡

µ׵ˡ

Բ

ڷ˽취ȴû뵽µ׵ˣԲֽһԾҲ䵽ܻߡ

Χ̫ŨöܻڿκζԲܻڣһһεĳΧ

ŲϢرȥ

һɽϻϰٸޣܻϵҲûƿ

ԭ·ȥҪһڵ޵ıȣпҪŽܻѪ޹顣

µѰ·ûڶЩƷ֣

Բһ̽ŷ˸ž

׹һɳŲϢ󣬱㱻Ķʴһ̣˴޷ͨš

Բǣȡ¹ǰС

ʱڻиܵԲĸ첲΢ĶĳڸĲµԲһЩ£ֳΡ
ӵ׳걻ʴҳ·ҵǶɽλûЩӡ󣬲·ɣ

ԲΧڶĳûپܾԹԵĸʱ
Ǿ鷳ǰˡ

統ڹڵܵǰУʱȴãһκһԲͬ

˼Բˡ

ǰ

ţ˵

ʵѾ֪ˣ£ǿǽΪǰԿ²ܻӦʲôˡ

ʱһ򣬾Żͷ
˵ʲô⣿

ԲЩΪ飬ΧʲôûУҲҪΪˣÿĴš
ǰξΣ֮Уֶκұ¶ļѵϲ𣿡

ﻹ¹ɫ¹⽫ֿɫյװף

һ԰׵ɫȴȾЩΣͻȻŮӸеĽζ

ʱץֱֱԼţֻƬ̣㱻ȵĿ̵תߣǰǰˡȻҲֱ㣬ǶǣǶǰʹȻڹʱʶ⣬ұһһжѹĴԽԽûбܼɣҵģȥˣһֱġ˭֪ӹǳǾһֱæˣҡ



Ӧ˽Բ仰ǰԶȻ֦ѵ

ԲͣŭһĸС͵



ΪɢεĽԲû뵽ų˸ĦԷӿ

Բ

ʱһۣʶòܷŴ뿪Բת׷˹ȥ

ʱ˰ģĻղûȴܾľʵУɻҲѸٳ׷˹ȥ




112.  112 22   ͵

벻ǧ궼˼ӵ, ڣǸٶȲ͵ĵޣ

Բʱһ·׷ţЩ׷˵ٶȣϲĶľ֦ϱȳ, , ɶԷٶȴԽԽ죬ѾʼͽԲľ룡

ԲЩżƳ۱ϻ, ʱ׹ػڡ

û˹˼ԲٶԼٶȣԼжξ, ɴཫԻ̴߷, ˶˾롣

ϻ¹Ŷ˾뿿ɫĹâǰһ, ڲ󶯾Կʼĳһ˲, Բڿǰĵģ

Ǹ߶ûе, Ϊһ, Ҳ, һڵҷۣͷϻŸֵ䣬Ϊ˸Χ

Ŀֱ̫ӣǵ޾ͷû뵽ԲȻֻʣһ۾룬ŵüһ, Ҳǹ͵ģ𣬱ɱң

, ǸͲŮӡ

Բһץ䣬ץͣˣҲɱģ

͵ֳ˭ɱˣ

Բ֪仰֮ǰʱڻһɱڵĻ㽫Сɱȴ˵ɢˡ

ƣͽԲԼϲǡΪ˱Ѫ֮壬ڣٽͷࡣ

ٲȻѾõĽͻᡭ

СԲɼɪһ£ȴδֻǺ˵±Ͼķţ㣬ȻɱңΪʲôҪץң

ԲϴһȦ¶ζЦݣû´µ˺ܾðɣһ֪ӳȥ·ɣ

Сһ˲ң̾ͷˣûг·ֻµ׵

⻰ȻǴ˵ԲָĽŵף˫໨ЬͨЬƱȴŷʴ󷨣ٵǻӤڵʿܿȥģȴֻڣ˵㲢һˣ֪ȥ·Ѳɡס

û뵽Բֻ򵥲£Щ³ܣСɫңɴһֲԡ
Ǵⲻ˵ˡ

Բq(s^t)rЦһָԴ㲻˵ҾͼˡͷϵĶΧɣϴŷ໨Ьͷϻߣ·˳ҲǸķ°ɣһ֪ȥ·˻ϤͲ󣬼жгɣҽٹӦþͻѰɣ

ѹС˼ͣ۵һͿ޳ˣأ㣬ôôҲ͵˵ҪסңҪ淢ңҶ֪͵ܳһὫȦܾõġء

Ҷϣ͵ܣȦ

Щۿɲһɢµ׵˵ġ

Ѳɴ˴Ȼţ

Բͷɿһ˿룬뷨̫󵨣̾ͱ£Ȼ뱻˷֣͸ϽǳȥҿԶ췢ģȥ֮󣬶һӵܡ

СȴصҡͷȥûȥءܳȥҲͳȥˡǱߵˮӣʲôȥģֻµˡ

ˮӣ˵ġǿˮԲüͷšֱá

Сȴ˵ͷǣˮӡҶƽʱϽǿģ̫Σˡ

ҹȥ

㣬ãܲס𣿡

ԲԽɿȴһСͻٴǰȥ

ӣԲŭһһץ㽫ٶץ˻

С˫żܲȥɥĴͷ­ðɺðɣҴȥٺˣһǿɶӲˣ

ԲΧһȦµ׾ֻܿŨʵʵκ˵ټ
˵Ҷϣʲôط
Ѳµסţ

*

СŽԲһ·򱱣˰ʱŵִһƽ̲

µ滷ɽΨ澡ͷƽ̲أƽ̲ǰԶһīɫɼ׵ĺʣ뿪ӵΨһȥ·εס

˵Ҳ֣µ׵ûܿīɫһ伮йˮļء
ˮ֮ӣⲻɹ𲻿ɸΪƽ

ȷȥˡ

ѵ˴±ȥ
Բ΢΢̾˿Сﳹɿ
ˣȻ·ͨҲֻİ취ˣ߰ɡ

С̰Ҫܣɻ𽭰Բ˵Ļ;ȵͣתͷȵλޣո˵ʲôҪ±ȥ

Բͷȡ̵ͷʯʼ

ȥҪŲϢɲǸС

Сһöʯ̣ͬ۾ԽԸ뿪ˣа취ϻĥʯҶ϶û취£ڣõ

Բһ˵ɣתۿ̺öʯֻöµĿʼ̡

С˵󻰵ӣµķʯҲ̵ķɿ죬ɵٴο֣Ŀһ˲˲ĶڽԲϡ
һοµö¯̲סˡ
ޣܲҼһǧƷʯ𣿡

һǧ
ĶĹʱۣ
ԲĶͣסȴûּۻۣǾŲϢʶ󣿡

Сͷ·󣬾󰡣ѵ˲ʶ

Ȼ˲ʶ
׼ȷ˵᰽磬һЩ͵ĵޣûʶ

СͱСȴһϳ󣬸ղŴĿ⾹͵ѧǴСڽӴ
ټһķۡͷֵ֡

ԲһòᡭǼڵĺ˰ɣ

˾ͨŶݼ֮ļ֮򣬻ʲôͬʱͨͻطģ

ֲǧ֮ĵ޶٣ԭǶ

Ӷ죬ȷȻ֮ڴ˱ٰȫ

Сĸ֣Ӷˣһʯˣתͷܡ

ɾڴʱһͻȻ׼Ľ£

һ·ɴڣֱСϣ˲㽫ڵ룡



СľĺڵأղҽһҶϣҪɱңҲˣҲˣ

ճһֱֱȴɱģת򽭰Բڵλã

ʱڹעΧ״ҪԲɽԲȴѾһķʯһ飬ܱһŲϢ

أҶϵŲϢ׼¡

Բһֻӳյｫ¶еСҲһ˽
ֻƬ̹С¶еһͱʴͨ죬Ѫ

ҶϣǸ֮ˣ

Բ߬գ㿴һŮл֡

Ҷһźɫۣͷϱһɫñסͨȹ̣Ѿ˻ӤڣǼڵĴϣҶꡣ

Ҷֺ俴ŽԲߣ䣬Ҷ粣Ž̲ģҴˮϣұ㽫㰴ڹ洦ã

ձһƻٴγŲϢ⣬ξȻδסֱӴ룬գ۱㹥Բţ

Ҷ۾ĿŽԲΪƵĵҲҪǰЩ׹µĵһҶɱʱԲȴȻֳһλס

Ҷ鹥ٴ˸ա

Ҷ精ȵֹס˵ᡣ

ǰҶӵ߽򽭰ԲĿ⡣
ڣȴܵû໥ӵŲϢ㵽˭




113.  113  23   򡭡

Ũڵ, ԲɣȴηĵҶ꣬һһ, éɽڽԲ

Աź㽫, Խǿ󣬡Ҷ, ӵֲ㼫ڵĵ̣ƾʲôǾãƾʲôڹ洦ң, ҶǱŴˮϵ, Ҫڹ洦ˣҲԵɰɣ

Ҷһ˫Ժɫ䶢ŽԲòһ, ҼڻҪһָֻ֮ţҶ粣

ҶԲΡΡ, ҪŲϢʱ, ĽԲȴͻȻܳĺ䣡

Ҷ粵ʱڵ, , ѣǡ

һĻҶüɫٿ̳Բ۹Ҫ˺粣ҿԷߣ

ԲüɫһٶȱƽվסڿˣĲˣ

Ҷ걻Ķͣ, ɫñһ˫Ȼ𣬡û뵽ǧδ֮Ȼ񶾣Բ, ˺粣ҶҪéɽڶᣡʬҲҪˮӵף

û뵽λҶϣҲúܡ

ԲһȴɿҶ粵ĲӣһδҶϣҲ˺Ҷ粣ղҲ־ˡֻҲˣӣҪѰһ·ȥҶϰæ

ȻҶЩصλҶǸӲģȥֻܿ취ˡ

Ҷٶ߬ȭͷԲһ䣬˳ȥԸħģӵ׼ڵ⴫

ŵҶ꣬ŽԲãڿ仰٣̾˿Ҳգھԣҷȥ

*

Լ󣬽ԲҶˮһ·ߵһ±ͣ¡

±ϲ˻Żǻĥʯӣȴһʯܲʯǽ

Ҷ굲±ǰŽԲҶ粣ʼĻ⻬±ڡ

أأء

ԲȻɽȴԲ

ʶţȴ۾Ȼ͵͵
λ
ʮ¡
ҡ׼λ
ʮ¡

ҶĶȻԤϣΣһ£һΡ

һӺҶ֡

ʱ±Ѿƾ͹ԲϤʯ飬Ǽһ·Ӻˣ¶һϤ

Ҷɫ䣬·ʮֲԸ·һ·ȥܵʬɽɽ⣬ֻܴ㵽ˡҶ£ˡ

ԲҶƵҶߡ

ҶеɱⱻɫñʵʵΪԲΪ棬ԹʱԲȴߵԣһƽƽĵط

䡪

ͻȻʯҶ꾪㵵Ŵ۾ʶ߬ơ

ߵҶû뵽һ䣬ѣȻʯأ

˵䣬ԭԹѾرգڲԶ±ϣֳһµ

ã
Ҷ״̾ͱƳһƻ򽭰ԲڣҪȥȴƷеȴֻǽԲӰ

ĽԲˣѾ棡

ҶҶ׷һ룬Բֱ֮У

ȻĶ̣ҽԲû뵽ǣľͷǳڡ

ڡ

ǰһƾնľ޴ؼˣʮڻؼϴԽĵޣԲֱӴסˡ

ȻͨǼڵĴӪ

Ӧǳ

*

ҴҴ׷ҶҲ׻ˣû뵽ǧ󾹻ʶĻأ

ԭΪԲֻżȻѧ󴫳Уû뵽Ȼ֮

֮ĻӲ⴫ԲȻԵĹϵ

Ȼ涼ԸӦŵùġ

ҶͷͷֽԲߺȻڵæժԼñͷסһȣ

Ҫ˵

оʱһףüĿĻӤޣҶ񣬡ҶϻˣҲˣܣѵ˰ɣ

ҶƵĽԲ

Ҷ߲һԴⶼܱϴ
ҶϣѵýϢ֮ڣȻץôñ

Ҷʱǰһ󣬳޵˵ͷѾͷı߻ˣηҪúýѵһɣ

޼Ҷɫ࣬ǵЦҶơգգ۾漴ɻϡ
ֻһöƷʯԲϡĿ˺üۣûɶþͱɫҶǿߡ

ˣҹ

*

ڵĴӪ޴Ļؼ˼ռѨ֮

Χ±ϻдССѨ

ڵײһƽĿȣͨŸϵʯݡ

ҶŽԲ·ȣս˾ͷһʯڣ˽ƣʾȡºɫñˡ

䷿ӦҶľа輫򵥣һ͸Ϣ

ԲջشĿ⣬ͶҶһ˫Źе۾㡭ʲôϵ

ûɶϵ
ЩеĻԵϵ
ҶӣȻǲ˵滰ġ

Բͷ룬ѡˡĻԡûʲôϵҲʶǰ

Ҷ궼ҪЦˣ˵㲻ʶǰ浱ҺҶһƭô

Ȼˡ

Բı͡

ҶƲתߵԲసһ̾һû뵽һߣ˾Ű꣬Ȼֶ󷨣ġʲô˰ɣ

ղŻװͰ͵Ҷ꣬ἰĻȴŴɬ֮⣬һ˿㯣

Բ鲻ԽųһҶϵİ޾Ϸ

ӣӦǸ˵Ĺ¡

ɼȻûҶһΪʲôҪӵװװţ

ѵǴ˵еɢޣǼڵĵӣ

Ҳԣ궼ɽˣǵӣҲһְλҶϵĻ˵ıֺࣿ

ԲеĲ²ⱻһһƷҶϻڵԼػĺǰûʲôϵҲĺˣҶϲҪΪˣҲ˵ġ

Խ˵Խʲô˵öԷԲ

ҶԲζԸڣȻûڱʣֻĿԽͣվ
ȻǰһᣬȻΪ㣬ʵڵȷһ뿪µ׵ͨͨڴΣգҲ׳ԣ֮취˳ȥЩ

ɽϻһŵޣԲȻȥҶϣ˵µʱ¶ٵޣĴµȥԼİΣ˵вڵİȫ

ҶԳüģ¶ȥӶúܣ»֪Σճ̶ȣ˼ɣҲգһǸӣҴԿһԼѡɡ

ʾ⽭ԲٴνñϣԼҲһñסߵײһ·ǰڼ侭ٰ߲ߵһ⡣

ŲϤʯأҶ굽ûж֣Ťͷʾ⽭Բԡ

⻹Ѳ

ϾһĶԲֻĥƬ̣ٴѰƽ취ûٹʯؾͱ¶һµ

Ҷڷǣ˵ͷ

Բȴڿغסˡ

ʯ͵ڸɽʱһҲۡ






114.  114  24   ǰ·ô

, 
ˣɽԲȴ߶ʯƴ֣ͣſ, Щӡ

Ҷû뵽ԼȰôöûȰ, ԲԼͣˣͷ΢, ԭСҲöµϢ֪·ΣСѻٶ, 

ҶĻ˵, ͼԲ̤һ

㡭ͺ͵һ, Ȱ

Ҷ㱼ֿǸ뿪ıӰȻ, æ˽ȥ, С, һ, ڻ࣬һ󴥱ᡭ

ž

㿴ԲͣſڣڻиǣԲһʯӻأ϶ǻ֮ɫ
Ҷϡѡ

粡ôģѲɻ͵ܣ

ҶȻҲǻżˣ²Ҷ, ֻ֣ҶϣҲҪ͵ܳȥ, Ǹ˹ģģ˴ܳȥˣ

ϧҶվǸѴ滰˵Ҷš

ԲƳǰ֣ͬҶ粣˽ˣôƻĺۼﻹ˶·Ϥ𣿡

Ҷϲ˵·ʮΣգҲ

Ƕ˸ղŵʯʱΧ޶ڰо裬˽ôû˷֣

ҶżˣҶϣѣû˵ţǸ˶ر죬˻ҪΪҸ徲طţֲʯرƿˣԺûӰˣûҶȻҲŲСĲȵˣģ

ɫż̬˵ѣҶͽԲӺڳɫҶ粣ҷƭˣԲģ

һĻعصҶ粳ȥţͽԲһǰһͷ׷˹ȥ
ѣΣ֮Ҳ漰һһԣһը⣬ҲǴԭ·ɽɣ֣ɽЩޣܺùЩ

ԲԽŲȻסٴμҶϣո˵ʲôͷа

̤Ьٴȫѹ

ӴգɱЩͷӼƷ֣û뵽ֻޱ޼ʵ
ԭڱĵط

ҶԵͷͷѹ˵Ǵӵ׸Ϲֻǧʱ䣬ЩѾ˰һֻǧǵУ˵ңǻڵĵˣҲӦ˵ġ

ҶɿĽţûֽԲɫ˵ԽԽɣԾԾԵս⡭

*

ԲҶ˰ʱŵͷùرյĶھȻ汻ƿڵ͸⣬Ҷûѡ

ڣ˽ˣ˻ƿأѾӳȥˣ

û뵽»Ƥӵ·ҶŨŨɱ⣬̱Ҫ׷ȥȴϸտڣŵһֵĶζ
ԲӦĸ죬ȻɫȻס˿ڱǣҶϣϢɷ

ɷǻ궾Ҷһ㵣Ӧһ˲򶴿ڻأҪرճڣ
ȴϻذζûзӦʱɫҰףˣҲƿˣ

˵ĹǹɷѾƮһξ룬ڵȥⶾȻڣ

Բ׳˫ҪЩɷ

ȴ󷨵ĹˣȴûסȻĵĳڴ

ҵ󷨡ôʧˣ

²ҶֻʧˣԲ֪ķӦ

ˣʬɽʱʦʦҲ󷨣ȴûܷסɷĴȾ

Ϊʦʦû⣬ڿȴʧЧˣ

ѵһжɺϣΪ

Բһ˲룬δͨͼҶ꼱ٺ˻ȥѣɷɹڣҪ׷̺һȥ㡭ִ£ֻܽˣ

ŰΣʤһУҶ겻ȽԲԥһ򸽽Ķ

һʱڶƱ˻ҡſڵĵطʼ׹ʯЩʯĲʼ⣬һر㿪ʼճγһɽѡ

ٲ϶ᱻΧ

Բ˼׷ת˲ţһ˲˽սһͷȷ

ҶϣҶߵˣǰ·ôΣѣһֱȥӱһеİ취һ죬ӵҲȫˣӭң

䴦ѾתͷѸĳɱȥ

ת۱ʧɷ֮С

*

ҶʵԤѡֻһ˲ٴƻ

ҶϵΣٶĻء

Ҷһ·ˣһ·ڽ׻ٵ˳˵⡣

ڳּʱɷѾڵûܽ

Ҷ粻ڳڴҶֳΣֱָҡҡ׹ȻȵĻ׾ˣҶϣˣܺ˱͵ˣ

*

ԲͶɷеһ˲йڱƽ

ն˵Ĺ㾪㵵۾ŭȳ
ۣ˾Ȼ㣿Ȼӳˣ

û뵽һδ⼾۲ŲϢ󣬾ȻͻƵ˻ڣ鹥٣

Ȼ벻ͨζڼڵ̽飬ߵԲȴ֪ͻȻֻ֣һ¡

Ǿɱ

ȻҲشֻ˹Ǿٶı

ȻڵΪȹ̣ͷĹ£ԲֱӱƵýڽڰˣ

Բ˵±ϣһŽɫ˹

ԲգҪ

ȵȣôŲԾ

ԲȻȴǸյĽɫûлӳ

ڴʱٶӿһɺǶĽɫ˻ȥ

ǡ

һžĽɹס˽ɫĹ

Բ֪Լֳʱ飬ǡ
ȻЩ죬ʱ򲻸ý飬һ˲ӳöͬʱȫΣǽɫٶȸ֮ǰɹӳ

۵һɣɴȡһöɫлŽԲɱȥıӰҡ

塪

йһ˿Ļ˳գ۱Ҫ׷ϽԲȴϸĺٶȵס

顪

ۿлҲʧˣڱɫ

벻ԲϣȻֿƷŽ׵ķƷˣ

ֻܾЩ죬ƺʲôطöԲϺš

ۿŽԲԽԽ죬ɱ֣ڽһϢ׷ſʼȫ׷

ܷŽԲ뿪֪̫ܣζɱ

Ϊٶȣ۲ٷ״̬ܼ˶ʼɢһֲ̫ȶףĳһ˲䣬ϡܱǸĻǣһźͼȫȻͬף

֮ľ뽥ȴڴʱǰڳͻȻһް

໡

ԣйѹǰ׷ܵĽԲͼͣ˫˫ɫ䣡

ԲһѪӿߣЩ˳
漴Ծʹʱ弫ľǧ꣡Բ




115.  115  25   󱲣

أܲصĶȥ

ǧ, ڵʿֿˣҲҪϵѹѪ, ¶ۼ

Ӳ

ѵҪ鷳ǰԲȭͷ

ûһֱҪ˱

Ҫ˱, Ҳǡǰ

Բ侲Ĺһ, ͬͣļ۶ߡ

ʱļۣ̫ܽ, ׷ܽ̽

ȴǧ˻һɫҰ׵ͣˡ

, Ҳ޷Ӧֻǧ

ˣͺá

Բ뵽˽취ɿĴӽȡһö, 󳯼۳˹ȥ
ۡԣӦýͬﳤϰɣϲԻ겹, ϲԻǲȵĸ߽׵, ͬˣǡȵɣ

Բ, Ц, ټͻȻɹͬɫ

ݷǧ꣬ÿ㻻Ӷᣬ⼾Ҳչ򣬾ʱǧ£

ֱͬӷɱԲͷתʼ

ĽԲڽ, һơ

ǧƢԱңޱȻݣҪʱ, Բõն

ͬһ˲תɿĳԲȥһƿҺٶ뿪ԲƿҺ͵Ʒˣ

ҺһɢбɢϤζԲıһʱüͷ

ȴǻңͬ˷ѣôһƿȻֱ·ϣ

һ󷨽Ϣ£ѽ³£ֻת۵ĹǧᵽζٶȺһ׷˹

໡

ѹϷŸѾˣ

Բ̷׷ͬת෴ķ񱼳ȥͬʱ׼õֱ

öֻǸأıʯѾ׷Ŀյͬϣ

һʱڿը

䣡

䡪

ıըɹǧǴ񱼶ȥ

ԲֻհŨӭֲظ񱻳ɽѹס㴭ļ󷨣ȿֺķ죡
һ˲ǹѹȻһգǰֻͬȥ

ӹһٵĽԲ̳Զٿ񱼶ȥ

̫ˣǰǧͰȫһȼѽ
һܣһһ߻˼ȡף档

һֽҲժ£һ˽ȥ
ǰⸯҺǺöˣ·ջգٹƬɾûˣ

̷⿪ʼܵĸҺΪ˶˼

ʱں˿оֻһͷ

ԲȻһ
Ǹް
ҪʲôҺƷʣ

·ıͬʱӿͷнԲֵֹᣬʱҲ̲סԲҲҪҺҲǷ֮ǰᵽһҲǸ

ֻû˵ͱԲһڴϣǰҼǴˡȻڻȴǸޣҺá

ͳɿĿۻرϣʱκλ˵㱧·ٴγǰɣ

ڶνҲʧܵʱ壺

ûпĵطԲ͵͵˿
̫»ǰἰĻˣʱ䣬ӦҲ˰ɣ

ԲֵһȣһԤе챬

䡪

໡

Բ㾹ڿң

ǧʹܻͬŭ˺鹥

Բͣ£һͬҸҺԻۺͺʯˡ

ֻҪǧ֮ͬˡ

*

ʱ˿̣սֱֳεͬΪ겻ȣѾǧϣƳǣ

ڵĵ޻Ȼʵʣͬ޵ĵڶǧȻǿ֮겻ȣŽǰ롢Ƶƣ

ǧ꣬Ϊȵճɣܸ䣿

ͬǧ˼¶˾ģ

ǧһǰʹлֻ꣬һ˿ڿţԷɿٶȳǰ˳ȥ

ǧ̾ͲҪѿǣѾץ˻ڵ޵̵ȥץĻҲ
¸¿Цͬ𣬺ݺУ

ϧϵ˽֣ûϵͷ

ͬµ˿ǣΪǿ߻ڵԱ

䡪

Ƭ̺󣬳ٶһʵĺ죡

أ

Աըͷ­ǧһСɽ˵ϣַһ

ԲѾ㵽ԶȴǱŵǰɢĺɫֻ׹䵽صǧ׹ˡ

ͬȻ۵Աˡ

ǧˣͬأ

ԲԶ̽̽Դȷûٿǰʲôȴֱͬš

غΣƬ̡

ȻѾһŻ޵ֳͬΡ

һĶŵڵϵǧ

ȻΣȻͷ­ըɲ֫ǧѹ

ǳֻ̬֪Ҫ㹻ʱ䣬ٴλΪһֻµǧ

ͬǧͣԲ¶Ȼ

òᡭǧɣ

Ȼͷǰͬ⽥һ֮ɫ

ã

Բһȣͬ˹ȥ

ͬж񣡡

*

ͬȷʳǧĴ㡣

ɷ£ֺξǧɷ

ֻû뵽մ㶯֣ԲٴγңԼۺͺʯôᱻǧ֣

ͬŨŨɱ⣬ȻƳһɷڳɸĻ壬ĳԲ˹ȥ
ԲҶҪܣ

ͬ˵ļ죬ЩͬھζԲ벻ĺٶȸסͬĹ

ǡǰ

ˡ

Բ֮ʣͬԼʲôطɫĻˣ

ǹϴŵĻ巨

⽭ԲȻй

ĺö

ϲĹâٴγԲݺ˹ȥ

һΣûǲϼдĸʴ֮עһĽ峹ƴĸȥ

ĳһ˲ͬɫһѰ˻ϵ©ʶУ

*

ڣʱ廹ڷŽԲĻ֣ͻȻ뵽ڣһ
󱲣Ф벻Ķ

ͬЦһֻҺ;ϲ벻ھȻлޣҲɵĻǣȥɱ˽Բ

һԷų㳯ǰĻ˹ȥ

ʱǧ꣬ͷһα۸ɱڣ˻ֱҲͬĺɫŻػȥ

Żգ۱սһ𣬻˺ҧһʱڶ

*

ԲֻĺͬĹĳһ˲ʧʶ㺰һ

ǰꡭ

ֻһоһȣ¶ȱһ·ƸֱƯ

ͬʱֵĹâ

һϤĺɫһֳ˴ĿĺɫȻڷʲô

ˣͬòܽ˰ɣԲʶҪȥѯȴʱͻȻ

һˣֻǧţҪСİ

ԲȻ㷢ֵϵǧ£ӿҪˡ

ڵԱûɱ




116.  116  26   Լ 

һֻѶԸ, ֻǧɾܲˣ

Բͷëֱ̽, ӳϵǧ

ҶղŻԱ, ͷ­ˣһ, ԭ䶯ʱٴû˶

ֻϢĹٴ䶯

ͨ鹥α겻α취ˣ

Ļڱ仯źڹâ, Բ֪ٵʱ, ֱӱƳ˿ļףǧը­ڴ롣

̡ǧƤⱻ󷢳һŨȳζµƤҲܵʹ鶯

ǧĸʴ, пʼɿɢܵĸϢ涼ʼɷʴһ簼ȥ

Բ, СĶŲʬĶ, ڿżߵ֫㴦ʱ, һöԲĶ

ҵˣ

ü׳, ǧҲ޷

ԲɿĿż׽öȡ˳

ͨɢŨɷһ뿪ǧӱ㿪ʼɢֻգ۵Ĺͳ׻ֻۣڵһŨʯۡ

ǧ֮ʱҲ˿顣

Բ΢΢̾һװ, ĿһתȴȵĿ䡣



䣬ԭֻĵӡ۵ļƷֹ, ˿̾Ȼһöɫƣ

ƵײȻһɫֺۺĸϸ˿ĺɫӡǡ

ɫӡǴŰǰɫֺֻۡǧ

Ȼײ˹ļƷ

ԭǧðɫĹתڣ̫˾ϲˣ

Ӷķм£Բ䱦ĽתֿڰոĻ

սˡ

ɻǰսڼ

ϧǻޣ޷嵽ǰһѣԲֻڻ⽹ĵš

˵ǰ᲻£ôΣһȹԺЩرõĲ굤ҩǧ°

ҪܰЩʲôͺˣǸͬһͲƲ磬һ

ŽԲ̾ϢֻԼҲ߶һ˿顣

ȷܲϲǸʱ壬⼸ų֣ȷЩô˺ͦϧġˣξ˵ķݶϣһѺˡ
ˣʵа취ġ

ԲȻͣס𣬡˵ģôң

ͳּǴ֨ġ
Ϊ˵飬ȻȰȥͱӡ

Ĳ˵ˡ

*

ԲǱѵĻȻ

ˣԼܹǰԽãǰõĺôԽࡣ

²˳٣յĽԲΧų죬ʼ

ֻ˵Ҳ֣ʱ˲ܽ״̬ȴľ
Ҳǻϵĺڹâ̫ĿǷģֻԵԭ

Բһӿɫٴγ֣ա



*

ʱ˿̣ѾڻںͬٸغϵʱЩ

ûֿźͽԲľ룬ûָŻ嶼١

ֻҲûϵԼĻڻ޶򲻹ˡ

뵱͹һսɽڵʿʮȻˣ

лȷͬһ㣬һѹƣԼ

ʱͷյķӡٶɽ֮⣬ۿɲı仯ţֻת۹ȥĻעһµĻ

ǰԲ

ǽԲȡʱ䣬ʱ岻Ըȥǡͬٴ˹˫ȻһϣԷݺݻ˹ȥ
֮ɣ



䣡

Ȼըһıʱ֮⣬ͬĻǲܿƵȼ

ͬû뵽ʱ廹вǱյʹڵϷֻԼĻǱ˿˿Ƶķմ

ԭվգ

ͬȻϯϤѹ֪ϳʱݣ

㣬Ȼǹʱ壡

ֻüҺһŻϢ㳹ױմΪޣ

ùһ֮ڻϢ

ʱ嵭ĮĽϲµŻС

Ҫȡһŵ

ǰǣʱ壿

ǽԲ

ʱһ˲ҵתȥȻԲĻССһţվǰ
һᾫµü۲֪ΪʧѪɫ԰ף۾ǲһֲŵľ

Ϊ˰ԼȻŻʴֱͨܵ˻

ʱдȴͻȻգԲɫ˵Ļ

ǰʵر¹ԽģԽ¡

ΪޣΪ֣䣬һ޶ģʱ塣

Ӧ亦Լİɣ

һ̣ʱһʵ

罭Բ˵ϲˡ

*

ԲججĴʹ˶̲סҪƬ̺ȴԼѸٺתˡ

࣬ŵĲͣˣˣ˵Ļôôãûѹιû𣿡

ԲۣԼû£һϤĵͳ
ģµģֻȥ˲ȥĵطЩˣûˡ

ǻǰԣӦýʱˡ

Բۣ״̾ϲĳΧһѯ

ʱ࣬Ҳ뿿֣ȴϽԲĶֱ̽𣬸֮Բ

ʱкΪ⶯Ծ֣ϸȴû˺ۼ

ȻǰҪٰｭԲһ壬ɽԲεĶˡ

Ųβˣ֣ȻЦݣȴԱŵò԰Щǰõңûµġû£

λǹôͶԼ

صһǰҶϳһ䣬ҪҪ˻ڣԻѡһȥ±ȥ

Ҳ֪µˡ

ʱ屻ԲΣɫԳ

˺ֱԲŵ͵͵ĵͬĻѾɱǴڵķһöڵĻܺˣŰɡ

ʱȡŽɫл󽫻ܺҲһ˽Բ

ԲĿƣҽӣǰȻͬɱģǷΪá

ʱ״۴ãɴཫԻţ͵˽Բǰܾӻ񣬲ɷЩãöǧ˶һЩôŰɡ

ԲŽպãֻ׳ǧˣǰȻǧ˶ãǾʱְæı꣬ˡ

ʱɫ΢ɴĵǧ˼ֵƣˣ㽻ˣڴǰ£㲻ص棬ҵٰ֮ˡ

˵⣬Բȴóء

ٴνͣǰҼȻ֪⣬ֲܻӦôܺƤİ̫ƽҲǸʱɫ£Բæֲһ䣬ǰҲͬҪЩɣΣգֻҪܰǰҲ뾡취ģ

ʻرǰӦþͲͼҪЮȡԵĶ˰ɣ

ⷬͼֹϵĻɹʱٶȷ

סԲ㵱Ըرǡðҽӡأ

Բ߬ȭͷһ˿ԥҲ޵ֱӵͷǰ֣ûˣֻðܰǰӡҷ׬ˡ



⼱ҪϵģٶʱãĿڽԲԾȭͷЦһ˵ģǱ˰ɡӽǩԼԻΪģӡ˴˵Ĺϵ׽




117.  117  27   Լ 

ʱԸӡ, Բһ
ԼԼ˴ҲãպദΡ

ǰԼʲôҪעô

ʱĿɨ, ͨŨĳ, ǴļֻƻغŲ¶ۼļ
Լ򵥣䲻Ҫ, ȴΪڽԼ֮ǰ޷ÿ£ҪʱܲԼĻ, Լ֮, ǻĻ룬귽Ȭڴڼ죬Ʒҩ, 費ơ

ʱĻͣ٣ԲϾȻû¶, ΢΢, Լһ, ޷, ǵӡһ죬ãǾ׼ʼɡ

ЩĽԲ˵ܻѣɶڵĽԲ˵ȴЩصʧʱᵽĻ, ˵ҲϰΪ¡

Բͷǰ, ʼɡ

ʱķӱƳһλѪ෢ԣֽѪʶڣ˴˽һ˿΢ĸӦԼʽɡ

*

һ׮£Բø°󵽱ϣʼ£ķʯ㾡뿪˵ء
ǰʱ䲻ˣǵøϽ뿪ˣѾպãպҲȡģİɡ

ǰȴʱ岢δصڣǸ

ʱͷ˫û۾һ𺣣һһڣһȥЩļ¡
ϢҲΪڵһսüȲȣÿһ˿˿ɢȥ˷·ɢԲЩţǰǲѾǩԼôػڰ

ʱɫģҲģΪ˰ɱͬѾڵĻĹˣûг׻ָǰʱ޷ȥˡ

G

ԲЩʶĶԾɿʱӣȷ״̬
ɡһ͵ýλ˴ߣ

ǹ

µĴڣ

Ϣ

ԲԽҵһ䣬ǰڵĻҪ೤ʱָ

ʱɫת䣬Ծ£³֡
ҲҪɡ

ꣿ
죬Ҳ£ǡꣿ

Բ״סˡ

ʱ廹ӲļԲһ񲻽ûҲ̫Զˡ

˵վԲ߽һţɴֿɫԻָ

ȽԲڻʱ򣬶˾ֻʣһ۾롣

ȻԼʱֵĽԲֻ̺󳷣ֻλԼǩԺ˶ɢһֵĸоֻء

²ȵһöʯþȰŲߣæȥ
ԭҵúú룬ôʦʦǽǰˣֱܲ˵ǡʱɣ

ʱ忴һ߼ʯһ߰Լľ룬ҲƣֻԼʱ׷һ˳ְϼʯʱһ鷳ҵݻǱΪãֻǡҲһʱ벻νͲ̫Զ¡

ԲҲЩͷۣǰȻ̫ԶǱñһŷĽڲС

˵ͷȻ¡֣ɲƮͱĻ

˺òԼȷ˺ϵɲģɵĹϵǰᣬ۾һ

ˣȡ˵ĵǰҾ˵飬ΣҪˣ˭ỳˣ

ʱɫһڣܾĻûڣȽˣˣҲͬ⣡ҲŲҪҵ֣q(s^t)r

ʱɫҲãԲֺԺθУæԲȻʣٻ磬硭

ӽͣȥҲûͳʲô

Ľʯӣʯ
׬ôǮûüúûء

ˣ

Բ۾һɻͬ

öлȡϸ˲

ͬʱǰĺ⡣

ͬԺö߲ι⣬¶ϻƷĵȽӡ
оŵ˵ѾǾƷƷˡ

ʱ岻ÿɷĳƳۣûоܾ

ԲĽյѶţǰöлƷ಻ֱҲЩʣһģ˵飬Σ

̨£ʱڵ˵ͷԡֲΪüɡ

дг֣ԲֵУʱؿʼ˿ҲʼоͬĽͻܺˡ

лһƷŽ׵ıƷʲ

ֻѾлټᱻ˻ɡ

ֻںϽˡ

öܺˡӦͬ͵ߵĶɣ

ԭΪͬΪԼ
Ӧ֪ӵ׵¶Բ׼֪͵ܺˡ

ϧ̫죬Ҳû͵ܺ˵Ϊʲô
öܺ˿ͨѲܺǧһܸǧ

˼Ǽܾ޴ĻؼˣԲԼˡ

ܸΪںɷԴʹ
һؼˣܱܺҲٶЩʲôġ
οֻͬ͵˻ܺˣδ͵߻ؼˡ

ֻܵȹϸ̽ˡ

ڴʱʱˡ

Բ

ֻԭ߲Ѿһöͨ׵ĵ巨
Ȼ̲ڱľӡۣȴѾԣզȥȫ뵽ԭģ

ǺɫƣԲЩϲĽӹлǰ

Բ÷ʱǲˡ



һνֻʣչ򣬶µ׵ãøϽϻȥˡ

ԲʱʰƷܿ쿪ʼ·

ֱͨͨʬɽµ֡

ԲʱֱɽȴϳȴĶǧֻ㶼ڷ˰ĳʬɽӿȥ

һźʱ±Դڳֱֱͣʱǰ
ʬĻΣȷʵʱ壬ɼһʥû̫ˣӵɷ̫أֻ׷һ㱻룬Ѱȥ㡭

ĿʱתĺϣͻȻ
ʥ۾

ǩԼԺʱеĺڽת

Բһֱһûôע⡣

ʬһѲŷ֣ʱ۾ȥ֮ɫѾҪָĺɫˣ

ӵ׵ʱۻȼŻ죬Ȼɫ

ԲЩĶ࿴ۣʱȴתԾ롣

ԲЩҪʬġ

Բ΢΢㶣̵ͷǰæɽ٣ȥܹƷ֣һ

û뵽ô͵ɻʱ䣬Բͷһγô죡

ʱ壺




118.  118  28   Ǵˡ

Բɱ֡

Թǧ͹ʱ, Լٶˡ
񼴱ϳɰǧͨ꣬Ҳµġ

˫ɣԼıȫʹ, ЩЩֵ뷨

*

ԶԶƼԲԽԽ, ʱջĿ⣬ʬĶݷɵ, Ĭ

Ƭ̺󣬵ϢʬҲϹ棬ʥ, û̫ˣ

, ̧ͷÿʱеһ˿ɫ
Ӷʱһص棬ʥ, ۾

ʬ̲סȻǸԲһʥ֮, ʥǩ˽Լ벻, ȴǸƶ˵, Լ, һҪɱң

ʱƳһۣͣ²Լģ֪顣Ҳǲִ£ȻѾͽԲǩԼ, ʱ㲻ܻʬɽˣҽҪŽ¡ͬ, ڹڵצڣҲ䲻ֹϲҵҲϡɢȥѰң֪ͨҡ

ʬӦ

ʬȴǾǿվһԣԸ𻰣ʬ˺ü۲Ũq(s^t)rһʥ̫ŵˣѵˣǧ˲Żᱻݺ񡭡

ۼʱ¶Բãʬʬģԣ

ʬԲŤͷʥ㵱ԸͽԲǩ½ԼǽԲȬζ㣿

ΪѪ֮壬õ˾лʱ͵ĵһѡٶȷӡҪɱ㣬ָΣΪ˭£

һΣʬҲûΪҲͬʡ

ʱ忴Ϊǧ겻ڵ£ŭȫתһ̾
䱻ݺȴҲԱ֮ǺΪ˱ʬɽȼǧΪҲˡУʵҲ̫ġǡ

ʱ建߬ģǽԲ統ĵһԲȥ˵£ָܷ䣬ѰˣǼԼ⾪᰽Ҳң

ʬĺʬӹڱ˵˺ܿݱ뿪

*

Բɱɱ

Ĺ¹ҳɫӡϷȻֳָһǳӡۣʱѾɱϰֻ

ʱ廯һٶȳߣԲղʬ˵źŵĵڶϷ˲ۣΧЩǱġ׹ºǾΧˡ

Բͣ¹¶Ǵʦֺʦǻڶ棿ˣǰȥˣ

*

嶥ϣΧյĵǶѾƣߡ

ʵԭǱģڣΪ˶ȡܻ󲿷˶Ǿתȡ
ȵǰԶ⿪һΪʱ

éսˣʮشҲһˣˡ
ԭ͵źͰ

һڵͷڶΧսһߣ赲Ŵɽӿ֮ǡ

ɽƽڻش۵ĵ޶Ǳ

ӵΣأǧδлܳСʦΪ׷ܻȥѾ㹻ˣȴû̫ʱ䱯˱һһսС

ֵ󣬶ɽƽһ۾Է߻ǰ˹ȥ

һԵİغҲսһ궼ʶûþͽǰˣӮ˴Ϣʱ䡣

Ƶѣ̲߱ƷôҲƯĽⶼûͻ൱ȤҲͬǸġ

رһ䣬Ҳرػ׵ѵ˫ҲǷҪ˰ɣٴƬ̣ͬƷˣ

۾ʱˣƵ˵ļǣٴһȥ

ʢȥҲ˹ȥ˺ܿһһд

ڴʱԶͻȻӿһɫ⣡

ͨͨףȥͻصÿ

ȴȶ˵ʵ˺ü

ֻһգ㽫һƬյأ˵ˣ

ԭҵĶɽƽǵɫ⣬̲ŵĵɴ۾
µ⼫пСʦûŻˣæҲ׷Ǵȥ

ҲϵýԲһ˼˫ĿƣͷϢڸʦܡ
죡ѻˣȥˣ

ѣ
ĸѣ
ѲɡǽԲ
ţܻ

ش۵һӦҲϢˣ׷ȥæ·

˶ʮ޺ܿͽˣǵɫӦȥ

̲סߺһСʦã㻹ţ

ԲƽϢȣɴཫ˴ŵĹߣֱӺ˹ȥ
ʦ֣ҵȻˣĺúõأ

¡¡

ʵ˵ͬʱҲö嶥ϵ˶˸ס

Բţ
ǵӵôⶼ

ܻһܻ
ţҾȻܻڣҲٿాµȱʽˣ
尡ץסԲܻ

һʱ֮䣬嶥Ŵ˷ĺ
е޶ƴ˼Ѫһ㣬׷׳ԲǱ׷˹ȥ

*

ԲѾ˳ĺͶɽƽϡ
ֻǱȴδˣ̾ҪŶ뿪

ȴϸ̤һǰһˣ

СĪ뿪㻹ûء

ڵĻȻҲڷ嶥
ΪܰȻ¶ôôصڻδ뿪

Բˣܻ׹º󣬹ֻڽ
ǡɽܹɽɱƷ֣һڵ֪ɽȴҲ׷״˼
Ҳͷû뿪

û뵽ԲȻţ

̲סٶƳ۽Բеľл
ѵ֮ӵˣ

Ǵʹһ죬һֽΣ
ͷڴŮĿּᶨ

ˣΣնҪܻģ
صѾŲ̫ãҪõö첹

һ˶˵ǰͷһĻޡ

Բ߬Ľң㵱Ҫܻ

Ŀ¶Ȼܻõˣ

Բ¶ζЦݣȻõˡˣֻҪһܷ̾ǽЩҳ֡

ˣԲʧգӦ㹻ʱƿܻϵ󷨡
Ϊʲôûֱӷ

ʶ򽭰Բ䣬ȻûĹ˼⣬Բ͵͵
Сѿ֪ĹĻ硭źŵļƷֵ׻ж٣ҵСָ֣лõ

Ǵˡ

Բ۾ԴȻˣװɣ




119.  119  29   éɽڣƷ֡

һڵ޻Χվڲࡣ

ŵĵӢǺͰŵ໥, Ծš

éںͻش۵ĵҲѾƣߣԵŽ

ԲܴųȻ˲֪ĵ, ͻ, ˶ڵŶܾˣ̵

˵Ȱ, ãȴֻȵ˶վţûж

ǲ֪ĵط, Բͻһס

*

Բ, ۰ɣ֪йڹĻ

𣺡СѣӦÿó, ֻΪüƷ֣Ҫֻܻ

һͿҪܻ, ô̸⣿
ԲЩ, , 粽, ⿴û̸ȥˡ
ǧļƷֺܻܽǰֻȷûпܰźͰڼѡ

Ըԥһ˲̸Ŀڣ»أҿԲҪܻ, Ҫһ

ԲԼֱӵСӦ֪, ǰн͡һ͵ڶǷ󷨣ĵȴһöƷ첹ڱμӹΪǶöҩضˡ

Ʒ첹£ԲҲ֪
ʦéһƽҲΪⵤҩĻˡ

ϧʦ֪Ļ˲Ļˣһ
Ʒ첹Ҳ޼¡

ֻǡҲлˣ
ͦѽ

ԲƳۻֻżɱĻأջߡ
ˣҵи˫ȫĺ÷ӡ

ѾʱǩԼӦǣÿöҩͻס

*

һڵ޵Ȱȣڵȵ˽Բ֡

ȴǿʼ򶷡

ǡڵܻ˻𣿣

ܻе޼״ظߺһɨΧͣҶ֡

඼ƣߣΧ˭ȶ֣˭ͻΪʸ֮ġ

οܻѾ䵽˳ΪߵĻ

*

ԴѹĿڴʱɨһȦ

Ӵĵ޷׷Ųߡ

̧ܻϵĻ

׻ĵζʱɢڳе޶һ
ûôأͱһץ£ɫԶ

һ߿շȥڰлɸɽ޴ġɫơ״Զޣ

ڶ֪ͨ

һΪһѶ·ܻڵѶɢ

λޣܻժѷιһպǰ뾡ĹкƷ֣ʱ򡣡



*

ڽһ£û뵽Ľ֡

һڵȻȴҲû̫⡣

ŵĵӢǺͰŵһۣж

ǶȻźܻûԼժ£ȴҲû䵽ԷֻҪƴԺ̨һɡ

ӢǸ˸񣬿ɽ£ѣȻܻѳɽҲûʲôˣҺЩϻعнɡ

ͷá
һɹʶ̺ŵӿʼգ۹ͺ޸˾롣

éڵé彣ȡһöۣʮʦʦֱۣ뿪

ش۵ĵǱҲһɽȴĸǷžʮ˶ҪȽԲһ뿪

ֱźͰŵĵӿӰˣǲųԲһ䣬ѣղ˵ֻҪǽƷ첹㣬Ͱش۶ù

ûˣͽԲһۣͷ

ӹͷСѣʵģ飬ڻ·ɡ

ȻǣɼԲɣҲ̬ȻվѡŶˣҲãǾɽ˵

ԲЦеĳǰƴָָѣæˣƷڵƷǣÿڷ̸

ƷڵġƷۣǲԨıôôᱻСţ

˿̧ͷһȻһ޴۸֣Լٶȷ
Ƿӡž޴ƷӡƷڵı־ͼ䡣

ӷʴλޣѿˣ

*

һߣźǧɱһ·ܻعк̸ڵĳϵϢ

֪ܻڻڵϺڵĵ˳Ͼͷһᡣ

ÿֻ֪ܻ˭֣ᰴմļƷֿʼչɢСĹֵѹøոպá

ȻڣǾͱȶڵļƷչˡ

*

һʱ󣬻ͻء˴۶Է£ǰк

лڣڼֻˣҲɱƷ֣ټܻ򣬾ǰƷ֡

Ҳ˵źͰҪõһ͵ڶҪչϵļƷֵ

ڵһ׻˭ңȻǿں˭ԸǮˣ

*

ڽԲʦżҲصк󣬱˴Сǣ˽Ҫڣڡ

һֻʮһ֣γȥܹɱֻܵٷ֣ʱҲܶһЩͨҩڣܻƷʯأ
Ϣʲôʱģڸĸ࣬ʮƷʯأ
ȱһһǼۣʱ߼ۣ



Բǳ鴤ŵǴݵȻѾӻ𴦵֪һĻǾûơ

˪̾һСʦã㲻֪ʵõġҼǵһںչٻȺ콣Ҳ밵ԷָԵСλ۸񳴵øߣ

ʦ˾¼ǵǰһֻʮͳʮöƷʯڽ꿪ھֻţҲЩˡ

ԲԼĽңֻ˾۵ı͡

ټƷ־ܻôʯöֵһʾʯ
ԸҲûԩͷԸ

ܻǰҲ̫

ԲʦżҲƷֵĴ飬ʼŶӡ

˵ҲˣڵĶéڵé彣ͰҲڡ
ǳ˷ӦٶȲŶԣû뵽ڻŶӡ

ԲˣéڵȷҲǳ˷۹ģǳ˵ķֻͨķۣǣƷڵƷۣٶȻͬ

վé彣ǰ棬ȻȵĲͷȴȳʱĺܶ࣬ƢҲ˲١
é彣Щطž׹ವģֱ߶鶼ʼƷ֣ûͣ

éڣƷֿʼ

۵éڵĵǣǰԼĹһݹȥ

ֻʮٷ֣
һʮֻʮݣһʮ֣
ֻǧ֣

ܷ֣һǧٷ֣ŵ壡

ƷֵںϣƷֵĺƵݸ˰

é彣ȴʱͣһѵȵȣǻмƷûꡣ

Ʒֵ޲̧ͷǵǿ㰡û취͹Ǿȥһζӣٹʱɾͽˣ滹ôûأ

ǣ
˲𰡣ҲŶӣ͵żƷأ

é彣ݺݵһۣȻĶϽԲݺ۾

ַ֪ΪԲ䣡

Ҫ˵һ䣬ǰٴһ
éɽڣƷֿʼ




120.  120  30   ˣéɽ

éɽܹһ, ࣬ϴӰģҲöѡ
Ȼ, ȴʤÿһöɫ, ӡҲв١

Ʒֵֻɨ۱֪Ϻŵģ

ֻ, ǧ֣
˰ʮֻʮư˰ʮ֣
ֻһǧֻʮ, ǧٷ֣


żƷֵ޵ĽԽԽ, ķֵҲԽԽ࣬͵é彣ɫ

ڴʱһ۵ڴӶҴҳ˳
, ˣ

߾һġ
벻, éҲǮԩͷ

ԲǱ߿˹ȥ

é彣ӹ˼Ʒֵ, ڰǲͬ۹˿
, ҲǵĹ, һ㡣



аźǰףҶ֡Ĺһֻ۱һֻۡ

ȻЩɫʤ࣬ǼƷֵֿʼ

ǰ

һéɽڵļƷָ£һéڵļƷֵ

éɽڣǧ֣é, ˰ٷ֣
éɽڣǧ֣éڣǧ֣



*

Χ۵Ķ, һͨŵĵ쳤˲Ʒֵ
ֵַѾĵͷ⼸С²Ȼ쵽֣ȻǰѹéڵпܵģҲײμˣ

࣬һͬź۵ĵһ˵éһƽôã־Ȼֻʣô𣿾Ȼǰֻѹéڣ

֣éһƽ˶סˣ˦źӣ˵ҷͣԭéУδ㻹ֻǮ˵ۿ˰

éһƽ첻ǳصģֻһͼéгñ
éһƽԼ磬˵ңǼͽܣĶᣡɽھͼۻŴ߶ˣq(s^t)rҿҲ岻ʲôΣǳضȥ̯Եףȥɣ

㡭éһƽҲ˻

˾ͲҪˣȴǰļƷֵ޼Ʒֽ߽һ
éɽڣܷǧٷ֣ŵģ

ļƷֵ£漴Ҳ
éڣܷǧٷ֣ͬеģ

éһƽ
éУ

˼볶֣ǰͷ˹ȥ
޵ȵȣﻹéɽڵĹ

ҲУéڵĻû꣡



ʦԲ뾪סû뵽Ȼéһƽ
éڼȻҲéеĳּΪ⡣

éһƽĿɨԲˣԺҵĺͽǣεĳɼǳҵϣǳ

ĿһһɨˣڽԲʱ϶˼ۣ䵽·Ų
תԼĹ̨ϣһԾȽ

éҲõĽԼһŵ˼Ƿ̨ϡ

ԭѾļƷ֣ٴοʼ



Բ˾ȹ㶼һЦʦһֱڰйעǣֻǼ˶ӹĿéһƽ|Ĳ԰ϡ

ԲʦôˣòΪ˰ǴհҹİɣԿŲ굤

˵վͼǰݳҩȴéһƽŤͷÿ԰׵ڳһ˿ѪɫԲòãʦû£ǹģ
ܲͽ֪Ϊɥ||۲űòҰޱȰɣ

éЦһģéһƽ²˿ûʱβŰ׳ɣ

éһƽ˲䱻ըûˣһܾ֪ˣҷҪǼԣ֪éһƽǺ۸ģ

ۼ˻ҩζˣԲæéһƽʦڿɲǴܵʱȵȼƷֽ

ԶԶԣƷ֣éһƽéһۣĿתǰ

Ʒֵ㳪ҰգȻãƬ̺ٴμϡ

éɽڣܷǧ֣е壡

éڣܷǧһٷ֣еģ



Ȼŵģ
éɽһɫУéһ˾¶ЦݣéиϲʤĹЦˣиҲˣ߰ɣʦǳԶ粹

é彣һسӣŽԲһ伸䣬ȴԵİݺһǿгߡ

ֻ¸뿪

ԲǷ̨ƮƮƳһۣ˰Ľҡ
¿ɲǺéʱȵʱõʱδء

éһƽݺ߬ķû뵽ǧֲûܳǰҲûӮǮ¶éڡ

ۼʦɫ԰ףԲʦüȴû֮ɫֻɫš
Ƕ֪Сʦϻһöû

ֻ£ʱ

Ƭ̺éһƽаοϣ̧ԴҶɥˣǵôҲͦõģѹǣǻòôߵļƷأҪ꣬Ѿŵˣĺܺˣ߰ɣʦҲȥһ١
룬һԶͨģȻɽϣʦſ



ʦü˵ɫ졣

Բſڣʦջɱѵû˵ڷҰӰɵ¶𣿡

éһƽһ˦֣ҰôˣǱѹЩƿ˹Ժֱϣһ˻ɱûôеϢǼҲǣͷβ֪ͨһҪǿܻʲôʱܼǼ

ʦĵ˺öϢ

Բǰλʦ˸񣬡ʦɽܵǮܶ࣬öʦʦƷһΰɣҳԶٺõģ

éһƽſ˪ĳɫӣĳɨһۣ漴ѩôʯӷŵˣ㰢ԲѾ˻شµķڣҲõ͵Щ



ѩʦЩʲô֪Ͻ·ʦǻǸϽȥԷɣڽҲܺúϢһˣ

éһƽӦǰҶˣ߰ɡ

Բʱ廹ͣǰЩ֣Բ㲻𣿡

Բ¶ЦݣʦһԼ˻شۺЩ£Щܹȥˡ

ش֣éһƽ̾ˣشۣȣ°ɣˣԲ岻ãԣ㶮á

ԲѾ̲סЦˣʦͷİɣҶã

װծôϧѾҪˡ

*

éһƽߺǰļƷֶûʣˡ

ЩƷֲͽԼŵڻڣΧŵˣ඼ֵġ

ƷֽǰһʱְǰѾȶˡ

һǱڵţǧ֡
ڶȻǱڵİţǧ֡
Ѿܻڣ
éڡ
éɽڡ

ֻʣʱʱ١

һǰҲֻԶԶƼԲʱվڼƷֵԱߣһʾ⡣

ѣõȣҵˡ

ȻҲ󣬡СѣҲˡ

˱˴˶ӣղԲ𴽽ǣڴӽȡһȻˣǾ߰ɡ

˵ͻȻϣźͰ˵ע⡣

з״̷ɳžڼƷְϵźͰŵķֵٴοʼ

šǧ֡
šǧ֡

šʮһǧ֡
šǧ֡


ԲƳۼƷְջߣԼĹݳȥй涨ܵһֻһ֣ԶţƷ־Ϳ屶ӣ𣿡

ǼƷֵĿͣ类ǰɫסˡ

һԵĵ˰Ѳż
ǣǣ

Բֵй涨ݹߣ׽ãΪźϼɹ֣𣿡

Ʒֵٴεͷ뵽ʲôʱһ䣬ǣҪȾɫĹ֤ſԻ֡

ǰԽһöֻȾǵڵİɫơ

һ׼õĿհ׹ģȷȾ˺ͽԲöɫ֮ͬɫ

ȴüˡ

ǵ޲ΡΡĽӹ⿴һۡ
˾Ѿ׷ɫĽϢ˻ȥ

ϣˣéɽɱһͷǧ

˳ϣ²ˣéɽɱһͷǧҪ׽Ʒ͸ںͻشۣ

ԲǼƷֵ޾þûжõĴߴһѣҪˣǲǸÿˣ

һڵ޾ĬעУƷֵٴε

éɽڣֻǣǧ֣
éɽڣǧֻʮǧ֣
éɽڣһֻǧǡʮ֣

éɽڣܷʮǧ֣еһ

ǧϵźɱչأɸʮƷ֣شۣʮƷ֣

éɽڣܷʮǧ֣Ϊһ

ڣܷʮ֣еڶ

شۣܷʮǧ֣е

*

ǧļƷһéɽڱֱʮйš

һϢը˹巻ڵеޣ

ڵ֪éɽڸںͻش۸ʮƷԺȻǵһںڳըˡ

Ϊ˶¹ĵһֻǾͻ˽ʮƷʯչéɽռ˴ͷҲˣ˽ڶ͵Ҳ⻹˵ã

ԽӵϺڵ˳ϵŭܵǷ̨ѰéɽڵĻ

ϧλϸշɳǣϿöİɫƱ㳹ɢ

ͬʱһƳ쳹Բǧ

ˡ

ǹʽ

һмƷֹﻹδһĹҲˡ

ˡ

Ϻ͵˳ʶֲֻʵƮڹе̨㳡

ڹ㳡ϷһȰٵʯҪ˶ļƷ֣Ǵ˴ιŵļƷ

ʮƷܰ񡪡
һ  éɽ  ʮǧ֡
ڶ    ʮ֡
  ش  ʮǧ֡
    ʮһǧ֡
    ʮһǧ֡



һΪգϽŶЩˣ⣬⡭ǺãŴǰٿ˰źŴ˴οҪˡ

˳ŭǰҧгݵĵǰéɽڣҲöصڶ͵ߣȥѰﳤϣ

*

λһ·嵽ڵĸڡ

ȴûͬǱڶҵڰ

ȻԵõλϣҲ޾֮⣬ֻƵվ

˶˶һۣЩ죬ϣôûڶأˣҪҪﳤϣΪͨ

ڰĿɫԴǲĻȣֱѹ£λﳤǰձչأЩ©ˣк¿ҴΪͨ

ʱﳤˣ

ͬȻѾˣ

ڰٴβѹסϲɫųѾ޴ˣҪգ޷ءǴæǰǹĳɼˣ

˶˱ἰ£éɽڻͬںͻشۣǧļƷ֣ؽڶ¹ǰҪ˵˸ס

ڰŭô©ﳤϲǲʮƷʯѲɻѹһǧļƷ𣿡



ڰ׾þӸ֪ǧļƷַͬһ㡣

˶˰ҡͷϻϣ̬ҵȱҪһﳤϣȵգһоˣ

ڰã˼֮ЦһǸҹɡ

һ·˶⣬ʯš
ﳤϣˣϺ͵˳ҪҪ顣



Ƭ̺ڴͬ
Ѿ֪ˣǵΣ



˳ϹصéɽڻɱǧѾʵƽϷҲû취ˡΪ֮ƣֻ취סڶ͵ˡ

Ҳֻˣ취ȥ졣ϢңնԳأԺֱϣҹͨɡ

ǡǡ

˶Ӧ¡

ڰЦĽͳ壬ʱȻ

ǡ꼸һµɢޣƮǰȥ¡
µһҩߣ

ϣǡ

͵ҡ

ǡ

Ǽӹ뿪ڰԽ̩صҲ鲻

ݵƿҴţûڱչصͬֻбÿյİ˱ܺš

еϣһ󱣻ܺС

ĿأĶܺϣͻȻŭӿĻƻһӡ
q(s^t)rͬʹ죬ȻҪɷ˷ˣƿƣܳȡ֮ԺǣڣɾͶҹˣ

Ц˶ûľͳȣէȥͬҪɭ¡

*

һߣ˶˷ֿ󣬵˳ϱȥѰǧԲߡ
ҸղѾѯʹﳤϵȴ˵Լչس˲ҪԼŰ졣⡭

ǧЦһչس˲ȽڣҲֻŪŪǣŴڼھû˰ţҲйӦŲĽ·ϣȴװ׺ķʮƷʯԪóĵһУҾ̣ȥڻټڵǰ£

*

Ƭ̺յڻĴ뵽ڵĸ

ǧ磬λ٣²ؼԽƣ

ŤͷϢӿΪͬˣȴȻڰһϣôﳤϸòʱҪñչصĽɣ

ڰɫһ˲ңܿתﳤϵȷǱչس˲ڶڱչء

ѵģĽھƭȥˣڰֻܵλƲ̸һ¡

˻ӣᵽ˲ԾϢ

˷ڰҶھȣͬȻԸȥңƽؿĵط

ѵ˲ȻǲƣŻ˶Ҽ

ڵĹңһ˿Ұģվ𣬡ȻˣǾ͹ȥ

ͬ治УǽŴȿɾ˼ˡ

ڵǧٻȵ;콣ڵҲԥ뵽˶⡣

ڰղŰٴη³ͬ
λˣǶԲסҪͷλ¡

ң̤ǰһǹ𣬡ﳤϣǶѾѵҪǸ̸𣿲Ǳչس˲Ϣȣ̸ƬӦҲްɣ

˵ձ㿴Χˡ

ǧӵʾ⣬ǰһǰﳤϣһ

ڰǻҪǰ̲ס̤ȥס
벻ҪǰˣﳤԸλ£Ѿгˣȷܳң

ңԲƵĳƳۣϣȻ飬ǲǿˣ

ڰǣĳԽˡ

أתߣʵƵһ·֮С
ҪŪˣȴڴʱ

䣡

ڰ벻Уңǧͷң

ڰҪ·ӣȴͷ˾ͱң÷ԭأ

ڰͬأ

ǧһٵĲ䣬ʵȻ̽꣡

ڰȽһڵأɥܣﳤǰˡ

*

һҹ尾賿ʱ֣ԲʦŰڵ˹ǵ

չأձʽ䷢ӡ

Ҫڣʽ




121.  121  31   éɽڣһ

ճ, 
ʯשǽϢ˽£̤ĵǶԾ

ԲʦéһƽʦʦȻһһҲ, ʶȴɿɨΧ, Ƭ̺žջء

Ҽǵϴνǵʱ򣬳ڵĵ޻ڡôһµĹ, ˣ

ÿһŶʮˣ಻٣ֻǣƵ˼

ʱ, Ŀбӵֱӵ, ȻͬϢڷˡ

ԲҲµֻ࣬ЩǣͬôڵĴ, ܲǵĳϢȻû캧, , ĴھҪһ£

ڲ, Զ翴ȥôг
Ҳ֪ͬоɷ, Ĵ֪١
Ǳ֦Ҷһ壬¾ضˡ

*

һڵ޺ܿ챻˹ڵ´

ĸվɫϲ

Ϊ׵λùȻš

´ȻĸҪѷɫ٣ȴ˵ɫ, ñȻ˲˸еķΧ

еһ޴ӰʯδԶΧڵйС

Ȼֻа˳, Χⳡʽĵޣȴ鲼᰽磬ڵ޶뿴Ǻţܴڼȶļƻ



˶Ѿվңɫۣ࣬ڣ˵עĿ£ߵм䣬
ʱһ£ʮڽˡıϾ٣аΧǣɷϮʬɽĻ޶ǰңΣķľȴλܳӢŽƽ˴ιǰ

ʾ⣬Ϊա

ٻͼ״ǰһöͭɫܻƮشۣ

شȻӦվ
شڣ

ҽɫҩڿȻ䣬ޣֻһ㽫öͭɫܻժС

ͭɫֺܻʱƮһ޴ͭɫӡ˸˸֮ŻشȻˣ͸ܵӰйΧ۵ĵǶ˸

ǧվöɫܻգڶڣ

Ӧվɫ԰ףȴ壬ٽһͼ׹ǶɫܻƮ䵽ּ䡣

һͬ˶ɫܻม󣬴巻йС

콣ڵվһöɫܻ˦С
һéɽڣ

éһƽװ࣬ڲ࣬ѵһҲ̤ǰվöܻ¡

һĬȴʲôûֻǷ˫г



ܻժѾǹϰߵıĿéһƽǲ֪

ûԼժܻ˼ֲִ֮ͥ³ѣֻû佫öܻéһƽС

һܻӰ̸éһƽ

ˣͭöܻʽ

ûԤеļǹҲûзƣʽѸֿ٣ԭΪᱻѵĽԲȫȻû뵽

ΪԼȻ˽ûشۺժΣھԻᵱͥѡû뵽ͽˣ

ѲɣҲͬѶĺЧӦ

ңѾٴվʼéɽڵڴ˴ιϵĳɫ֣Ȼóֳ滰һ佱ȴһת

ڶ֮ܳӿ֣ΣڡλҲˣһιǳﳤϲδУΪڴ˴ιУΪɷˣ

ˣвٵһͬ䣬Σ֮ʣƵӦԼΣڻ֮ܳ

ڽչҺλڳһͬǰٿŴȣ

ԭµ´ɧ

ңַųһѹѹƣٴɫصļλҲعĴǰ˴ξִ٣ʵҵҲû׼ԽһдӼδҲ꣬ǨأǶڵڵıɽϾУ

תéɽڡںͻشλȻԼĽԴ䣬λԿȡʮλȥѧϰΪ˹ƽһºλͬҪμŴȣ׼



ڽңֻһЩûʵҴʡ

Բ˶û
Ǵ˿̶ѾüϢ˽·Ĵ

éһƽⶼʲô¶ôͻȻҪǰٿŴˣ֪𣿡

ɫƳͷ綷˴δǰУ̫˼ǻԵĻֻǿϧˣԭŲμӵĴȾȻҪǰ͵ȥڲޣҵҲҪԴģ
οڣҲ˰

ֻлش۵Ȼ㵭ҲǱ濴Щ

ŴȸϵڲŵԴ֣éɽںڵĵȻ٣ʤھǸԲͻأţֻһ㿰á
ǻشȴ˸츳֮ˡ
һҩı»ûңһƣȻ󷨱ֺЩҩ;ȴһ㡣

Ŵʱû±ȷֵĿ

Ŵȣֳνڶ

*

ΪŴҪǰУ࣬䶼δꡣ

Բһ͵˹ڵĿջݾһ
ղܵǵĲرѡƷ

˵һϲõʱ򣬿ŵȴϲɫ

éһƽǻصջݺ˦˺üŵ

ʦʦҲֻ̾õֵĺƱһͻȻϢ״ˡ

ԭǻµʱȥڽѧϰûٶЩӣֱӲŴȵˣڷǹҪڿӵģˣùĵһûʲôãһл˵㣡



ԲҲһԲͣ̾Щ֪ԼȡŶᵽһǺǻˡ

ʱ忴һ̾һһҡͷüͷҲŲԾ𣬸Ҫο⴫һ

ˣ

ѿڣĳһۣЩҪ¡



éɽڼͣ˽Բ

Բඵվʦʦʦ㣬Լ̸Щ󷨵£ȥȥ

ʬɽʱͺк˵Ѱй¡

û뵽ھѰԼ

ϵľлʵһֱǽԲĲɫĺͻ˸ڡ

˼ĽƷ󣬷ֹ͵͵Խóء

ڿˣѣ

Բһ࣬˵

𣺡ɷҲһ𣿡

ȻգǹҪ

Բʱɫδվţ֪뿪ֻӲͷƤЩ⣬һٻȥٳ͵ûʮ²УŴڼ˵Ҫʵڽ⣬ҿԽз档



ǽԲԼģҲٽֱ֣ӿ򽭰ԲĶѣɷķȡһۣ

Ҳо죬һֱڶ

һȡŵϡ

οյһһӨתײɸһŽۣΪĴ߶˿ϻһ⣬ڲ

ѹסԼļȡһƬͷ֮Ĳ˸ɸɾ

ûвùĽԲ
е

ͻȻòأùֵֹģô£

ú󣬻ڿڣʱˣҾȻټһξл




122.  122  32׽棩   ǡ

лĸһ, ԭԵʱ̧ӡ
û뵽֪лݣԲҲֻΪǴзӡ֮

ԲҲͷһ, л˵, Ʒ

Թԡѹ׵ľһƴԭΪţ, ΪǷƷ

ɼȻƷôɵǸ⼣߰ߵӡ

źɫĽۣ̾һ, лȷƷ, ȴѾһɷ㲻Ʒˡ

ɷԭ˶ħ֮Ʒݻɡ

Ʒ, лƷĿ˶ħ
Ϊ, ŻԶƷ, ͼ֮, ˷, ;
ϧǧɷ֮ȴδ˵ܱɷȻع;

л껹δϿʱ콣ڵɽڴķ, ΪڶɽٷǰϦħħ, лҲڶɺʧ١ȱµĴϵľлҲҪϲ

̾ѵĿɻֻû뵽һļһΪģղŽС˵ǹȱģ֪λȱ˭

Բҡͷʱ򣬻⣬Һʦ֪ͨﻹûؾڣûдˡ

̾һҲֻСѼȥˡҽѰСҪ֪£ҪСѣЩ콣ʵһֱڰѰ䡣պҾҪȺȥɽޣСøⷨЩֽţʶƣԹڵʵزסⷨ

벻콣ķԲЩԼնûǰ̳ллѣһȥ׼ģ

ͷתһ£Сѣ˴ŴǰڲμӣϾҽһ£뽭ŴʱշһŮأҶڴβҲֻ֮ȶˣضԵСܶտһǻĳ㲻ʤмˡ

µҲѣԲһӦ£Ƶѣ˵Ҳβܵģֻܷġ

ԽͷֻԲԽԽԼƢθȡһöƹȥѣм״ʱõõ󷨣СѣС츳׿Ǳ绢

󷨵չ˻صıˡ

ԲûƴǣʹĽӹģӦ֮£֮УҶ˵

*

ԲصʱʦʦѾЪ£ֻʦéһƽڵ

һ뿪ڡ

ԲʦҪ㡭
ʦ㡭

ʦͽϬͬʱڣɫʮΪ

éһƽƳ˽Բʱһۣ̾һԲ˵

ԲûéһƽϵľᣬԱ㽫ȡʦǲǵλǰģøҺԺ󣬾ͱˣȻʦԣͨķ

л²ֱ˵Բֻװĵʡ

éһƽ±ͻأϣָµ֮ɫβ˵ʵԲʵéɽڵĲرѰģʦ˲ʱҵġ

ʱڽԲԷĸɵ޲Űͷ
éһƽһžͷڲ˳ˮ۵󽻵˽Բ

֪˺Ҿ취̽Ѱϧʱս޴ӲֲҾֻȷйϵҲš

û뵽תתͺйأ
Ѳǵˣ֪Ļˣолࣿ
ֻȥ콣Ժ󣬲̽һ˵

ʦҵڣʲô£

éһƽٶ־ᣬԥ֮󣬻ʵԲáéô

û뵽ʦͻȻἰéڣԲֻвõĻ䣬éڣôǸȻƷԴ棬ҲڵǸé彣۸Ǻû޿ߵʱ㺦Һʦ֡

éһƽԲ˵ļй̾һҡͷҲԣƷ޶˵ţȷҵΪ顣ԲϢɣʦˡ

ôô˸éھˣѵ
Բź֪ƷζéһƽĻк塣

Ƭ̺󣬶һÿķš
˻ӣ϶һľ֮ɫ

񣺡Сʦãʦé𣿡
һСʦ㣬éڵ¶֪𣿡
Բʦʦܣéڡ


̾ڷ



Ŵ漰ҩţԽ࣬ʤԽéɽȥҲһ꣬ʦɽƽܲ

ȥ޵ʮ˶ղ롣

éһƽҹἰéڣΪŴȣҪڡ

éںڣéɽھ൱ƾնʮŵӣŴʱ档

ȻéڰǰͻڶɣʱնûеõŵʽϣϸǸǸɣǴɿڣǺһ±ˮɡ

˫Ӯľ棬ɰʦڣȴ᲻ѣ˭Ըڡ

Ͼ꣬éԸڶʦͷҲ߯ûˡ

ڽԲ˿Ҫé彣˵ѣֱӾ߸ȥأ

˱һҹǾȽ·£ǰ

*

ڶգֱʱ֣λϲ٣éɽڵȥرѡ

éɽ·ϣǵչĸˡ

ɫĿԣ֪ҪѡǽԲǴۿ˵͡

ԲرűվһԣֻԼŰ졣

ŵĲرУеͽ׵ķɰǧ࣬ڲڣû˼ʱ⣬޷ϳûǷá

Ϊ˽Բ첻֪ܵȴ˽Բθڡ

Լ֪ȻǱȻԽķԽá

ֻҪһĲͳˣ

ü۸ڽԲ󣬼ʲôȴڹ۲Ƭ̺ͳƷŽ׷һб߹ȥˣʱ̲סĿڣޣ㻹ǿѡɣ˵éɽ˵һҲĥĥôðɣٹƬҾ͵ûȥˣٲ֣ѡ

ʱúˣ
ԲһۣͲϷˡ

ͣڸӦǿƷһţʼѡ

ͷã뷭ۣ䲻ȴ˽Բߵ顣

ɷһ۶һɺȻɱϮ棬ʶ˿

ŲߺʱŵĮתͷԲᴫ
رڵķȻнƣһЩӵķȴиӦԴ߶ܲһǾԵѡһȥǡ

Բͷһɣ΢ɲĵ˵ͷллǰ㡣

ʱĿתɨ΢Ļһ䣬л

ԲʱķӴ߶һϢĸӦͷһڲǰܻƿ˷Ļ֡

һɫлƯϻһ⣬ԲʱоԼŨ֮С

ⷨʱӪŨԲϲʶʱ塣

ǰ壬ȴЦһƷŽױԴ飬طǹǸʢķȻѡˣǾҳȥɡ




123.  123  ¶Ƚ1   Ͳͷ㿴

ճ, ʱһ䡣

Բ˱֪ͨҪǰɽμ콣ΪһµĽ

éһƽǰһͽ, Ÿճǻ, 㿴ǰһƷۻ

ڷԶԶس˴к, ҵȥɽۣ

ˣԲԼӦҪȥƷڿء

, ƷڵĴʦַСʦͬӭ, éһƽ̱Ĺ°ݡ
Ʒڷé

ʦҲҾĩȴ۾ĽԲ

éһƽӸղ;֡

Բһ, ʶƷڵҲͰˣȻͶʦַһ, ٿֵ, ǾԼ©ЩҪϢ

һ, ź, λʦܶԱź㳯éһƽ񣬡éŴڼ񱦽ɽҩڽΪʦͽСһͶԵǲλƷ, д裬ŴʱҲܻӦ֪éΣ

֪éڵé彣Щͽܺ, éһƽͳ׷˺ڵͷ
û뵽еƷھȻȻڴӦ

ɴӦӦéһƽȴǾĶֵֹģԲ츳ȷû뵽Ҳ˸Ȥ⵹δ˵ˡ

ȻƽʱɽҲʲô֪ƷڵԨֶμ˵ãڲ˰֮ƿ˾᰽ڼйڵ᳡⣬ٲȻѾǸ׵һˡ

λǮȨҲδţİҲֻ׬Ǯ
ʲôʱҲ˸ȤˣݼڵƷڣ

׼ô𰸣̵é֪ˣʦʱڻһʵһֱоҲڹϺͽһʣ˽֮

ⷬԲļ˳éһƽڱ˵ˡ
ʦʦ״ҲΧ𽭰Բ츳

֪ĶڶβͽԲòײŽʻ˶

*

һǢķΧУƷ۽˱ɽϷɽţƷڵ¡

ɽһɽ壬ϱͷţƷϷϡ

ȻͷɱǵΡʯѹţڱɽϷ嶥ȴһƬԴ⣬ܰ޳ѹӰ졣

ĳ͵ػصɽ֣ԲЩϰߣȵʱЩȻԼڻص˼䡭

ֻǻûôִ侰㱻뵽ƷڵĻС

ԨѾλȴڼŽԲ֣վ𣬡Сѣȵˣ

ԨЦţȫȻûĿȻϢ֣̬Ī
ԲѾֹһģټȴǱŵˣʵعڵǣǼȻԼȻҪһ˵ġ

ԨȻһЦСѲ֪ƷҪܾ翪ΣǾͺпѹںڣ÷ڵһĳ˰Ըˣ

ÿŴԨĴǮƣȴδζںͼѹ̫뵱һϴˣ

أ˵ļԲػֵϴνСѶҽڻ̷ֿĵѡѾڷںˣ֪Сڿɷȥָһ

֪ԨļҲãҲרĲμ콣ڵĽˡ

Բʹͷ͹ȥɡ

С񱦽ɽڶ࣬ڿһ²̫֪ȡһƬ֣ݸԲǧǽӽƷķɻûǧףΣǻҲԿСѣڿεı֮һ

Ԩ˰¶ãƷ˵ͽ裬Ʒ˵;ͣԲҲȷʵҪһӹǧϣҡһ㻯ɸüĿԲԵͨޣͷҲĺԨһߵ͡

ȷȳԻ󶼺ò١

Ԩ״ҲͷҪţʲôƵĶס˽Բʱ壬Сѣ飬а취һ

ˣĶǴβ͹ˣնϰʱĬȻʶĽԡ

ֻǡǰܻˣܻصڣô죿
ԲΪʱȻܾû뵽ȡһԻ̴˲ϣֻƬ̺бûӰ

ԨǽԲ׼̴Ц̾û뵽СѵĳԻ̻Чã˱ûʲô©ˣС

Ԩǰ·һ·ǳȴԲţüͷ

ȵȣԾ
Ȼʱ֪óԻΣΪʲôǰû˵£

ܲΪҪߣŹ֪İɣ

Բͷ΢ȴһʱ壬ѾԨƷڵķڡ

*

Ѿʮӣ͵ڷϼʦҲС

ԲΧһȦЩӤڵĵޣɻ󣬴ѯԨѲҲѧ˷̷ֿôû

һӣԨһǸСӣֹղƽҲӲѧΣһӱֹ֣֪ǴĶѧġѲعֻܽЩӱá

תĿͶڵλͽܣʱλԺѱΪʦؽʦ⼸սڴп̷ʯɡ

ͷһվԲ
ʦҲ֪ԲݣҲż

µʮȴŽԲа׵ָͷЩɻ

ǿ̷ģһָͷǲ˺ۣΪҲôϣٻкۼ
λԺʦȴɸɾǡЩӡ

ʦʹʦֶˣЩʦܾɻҲûж̫ãֻ˴˶ӣЩ֮⡣

ԨҲƤԲˡ

̹һû츳棬ʮӶѾ̷ֿĵӣԲЩ֮⣬ԼտҪ˶þܽΣֱӵλӦ»ɣǾ÷̷ֿͬ»

⻰һڵ˲ɻ

и׵ĵ̲סʳʦǲѧп̸߽׷ʯ»ʼʱüʮʦǣ̷ֿѾһãӦÿּ򵥵ķ˰ɣ

ԲһۣʣСѼȻ˵ãǾһԣ⣬Ҿͽ̵ʹЩ

ǵӱһ̴ʯ̵һˢˢö»

ʱ䲻Ϣȷʵֿһɡ
̳ɺԴԺĽöʯԲǰϡ

ԲƳ۱ջߣĵ츳ͦϧŵñӣͲͷµĿӡ

Ҳȡöʯͬ»ŵϡ
ȻҶ»򵥣Ҿǿ򣬷Ϊĵ

佫ö»һ߶Դ̱÷

׵Ȼܲɵһɫͽףڴͷ




124.  124  ¶Ƚ2   ˡ

Ʒڵķһǧ, ЩϰѾٹ̡

׵ӿ̳ʯȻЧÿɹۣȹ, ־ȴܲ
ֻƬ̺ľʯ

ɽԲö», £й, ڰлȣòϢȳ»Ҫֹ

۶, ̱㿴˱, ۴վѵöʯȻȫȻûɢ, ַҲ࣬ȻõƷʯ, ЧȴƷˣôģ

ĵѾλá
ԭвҲ׷, û֮⡣

Բŵ, λþ, ѧĿ̷ַѾٹ̣֮ʵкܶ෱裬ʱֻ֣ͣģ;, ֺͣ٣һ

ַȻҿСʱΪһúϺ׼ȷ£Էֹ»鼣, һ»㲻ݴѵλҲ̻𣿴

ؼǣһһöʯӡɼյ˼ǣӿӡʼһ˲ÿβ̷ֿȷָһãһ⣬һɣһ򣬿ʯ֮ʱأ飬㵽ֹΪг񣬴

һ߽һȡöµķʯ滺ο̡

һöٶȼ죬ڶöٶȼöֻһ𣬻ʱöʯȴˡ

һֱ繦һֵ̣һãʱ㾪סˡ

ҳ׷ԲȡöµķʯҸղᵽĵ㣬ɣɣȴûôףҺͬöʯֱΪͽ׵¹н׵߽׵˭ٶ൱ƽôʸֱѧϰӡⶼλǶɡ

꣬ˢˢʼ̷ʯ

ʮ˶ѪԣҲõĿʼֿ̡

˵ҲˣԲǸһ˿̶̰ûеˣȴδζǿ̵Ŀ죬ÿζ鲻ϣⲻֲͣ٣Ǹһ㡣

еڽٶȣʼ˼Բǰ̷ա

ǿʼϸ۲콭Բַпϰߣģ¡
Ҫѧʮſ̷ϰߵȷ򵥣һڵӵٶȿţֱʱ츳õķٶͬöʯ

ɼˣҲѾڴǰĳȫȻľ

Բģ治еĶƳ̰Ѹ䲻ͣ

࣬ѾСɽ¹

ʱ磬ոý̵ҲˣԲϰҵԨǣȥɽתת˳㽫һ·ʯһ

Ԩ᲻ߣϧȷʵδҲɽ´£㽫һöɫԲȥѰ浱򵼡

ԨԼԲ¶һ֣ҲЩ͵һԿ̷ʯˡ

*

ҹĻµıɽȻƻͨɽųԺеĵƻ㽫ɽͷյá

Щ˵ķ֮С

ʱѾָԭԳ

ԲΥܿ̾һǰ˵ɽǵڵܲΪ͹һһɭȻɽû뵽ⷬģ

ɽŵɫϲȻϲɽ³Ǿ

ʱ״ȴ˰Բԭϲ̻֮ء
ʬɽ鲼ɷɽƻѰϰΪĵطԭδڽԲռһء

ʵֺֹʬɽ
͸ߣҲĬȻȫȻǽĴһ㡣

ʱЩ΢΢ܣȴʱԲӽȡ񣬳˻Ρ

ɽµƻּͨǷɫ⣬Բ۾ģֻӡһһǰѵǲǸһ»ˣ

յԼԲÿ±ҪΪʱʱ

ѵ֮ʱɽΪһ

ʱһĨ֮⣬֡
ǵʱˡ

Բ̵ĵͷѡĿ̫ˣԺ򣬶ҪȥѰֻҪҸû˵ĵطˡһһץɽһˣϴǰҵûɽøϽУҲ뷨ѰЩ߽ײϽӡ˳ٸǰЩĵҩ

һ߰˵һһŴ°ʱԭͦ˵ɫ߶н

Բո˵˳Щĵҩ
Բŵͷǰ

ԭɽ£ֻǡ˳㣿

*

ɽµ巻Ͷ򸽽ĹвּƣͨɽΧɽɸģ
ֻǵе̨㳡ȴ˱ɽ壬һɽ֮£巻ƻɽ֡

ԲʼĲϡ
ȴһСᡣ

ΪŴǰٿ£巻ڵڶ࣬С͵ձһ


볡ȯ󣬽ԲʱŽкվ˽

ɽֻµòǸ곤ޣʱֻǴ˸ñͨˡ

ⳡСᶫ࣬Ʒȴ廨ţЩԲǵһμ

λˮ¾һƷŽ׵вһ˿֮˵ճǰõõԻ֪꣬̽䡣ļۣƷʯ

ĽԲ˵һöŲϢоʮŸ򣬻ɫʯӡ

⾵ӾȻճǰ̱ЩĶ

Ѿ˿ʼۡ

ҳ򣡡
ҳ˰򣡡
⾵ֵǮҲֻһ˿֮ҳһǧмҲˣ

˻󣬹Ȼ˳ڡ

Բȵںһҳһǧ򣡡

ǰĵ֣ΣֱԲһǧ߰ڲˡ

ǧĸоҪ̫ˬԲˮ¾һ޿õķ͸ʦ֣ŸλʦʦҲ

̨ڳ˼

λƷŽ׵ıˣٷֻһɵƷѽ飬ȥúü꣬˵ܽΪƷļۣǧƷʯ

Ǳһֱֱѹǰͷļ۸񣬿ɼˣˡ

ǧǸСĿ˶΢ǣΪҪʱȴ¥ϸһͻȻۡ
ǧ򡣡





̴ĺЩź

ۼȥˣԲȴ˿øˣֻΡ

˳۲粻ڰйѾʱ¼˸ģ

Ѳﻹͬͬ

֪ԣ̱ڰлòʱת̨ʯᡣ

Ȼ뿪Ƭ̺󣬽ԲͲйϤϢʼ׹
ˡ




125.  125  ¶Ƚ3   콣ڵĴʦ

Ʒɽ, Բδǧ任ΣոϸǱ任ΣڶߵĻ֮, ȴܽ׷

һʲô֮

Բ˼˷̲µǴϴߵĶԾ, תһҩڣŷ־Ǵϻȡʯ, ֱӳʻʮöƷҩʯ⣬ٻճ, ˦Ǹ˵β͡

һй, ԲѸ˼ϱƷڡ

*

ҩ⣬ǰжصĵ޵òٴ̽鵽ʯƶĺۼȴ, ˾ҩ̽ǧʯˣ

תϢ
ˣ˻, Ѿʯˡ, һó֮

ȥɡ

ǡ

, ѾָԭĽɫģ, ϡ

Ϊ׵пڴϣҷأĿ磬ң֮һ³ɷ硣
Цɼζɫ, βͬȻˣã

ǰ׵Ļڵſ£, û͵͵Ἶۣӳڣ𷣡

ˣϺܹǧ꣬ô㷢ֶߣȥ̽̽λڵĿڷ磬ԸԸɽȥܺ˵䡣

ǣ

*

һҹ

ڶһ磬Բʦֵ߸Ҫȥ콣ڿʼΪһµĽ

콣ھڱɽϣƷڲһʱ·̣Բʦ߸ʱɫδ

ɽŴȴѾվ˶ͦŰµĽޡ

Բʦ߸ԶԶݽΪ׵ĵʱȥ¡
λ콣Ҫ͵ãݲӴɢ޽סλҲŴȵϢɽѰջסʱӰʯڷת



ȻéɽڵĵǼԼЩѾƷڵĲ·˸߽׵ͬ£⽣ôɢޣ

ʦ˪ʦѩǰʾéɽڵĲλơ
λʦ֣ǲɢޣéɽڵĵޣμӹ¶ġ

ǽ޿ɼ£Źһӭ롣

֮µʦ̲ס棬
ʦ֣éɽھȻֻ߸

˵ǻи𣿴մҲܴչʮ˰ɣȥҪ˰ɣ

ƽվ֪Ȼⶼ֪éɽ߸˶õģιڶڸңڣֻˣ

ˣ찡ǳμӽ޵ĵֻˣ

䣬ǰٴδӵƽһܷۣԼٶȳɽŴ

һٴӭȥ飬ûֱӶ϶ݣֻѰһ䣬ʿμ¶Ƚ޵ţ

һ٣Ż۵СӦӷԾ
ǣڵĻأǵ

Ȼڡ

ǽްĵȴҪ˽ʱȴֻлԼӷ



Ƶޣھһˣ˵

գգ۾ķɨһۣʮȷĵͷλʦ֣ȷֻһ˲μӽޣүү׶ʹˣϲĳ档

ף
ϲĳ棿
ǽҲ̲סɫ죬Żؽȥˡ

شһʮ˳ֵʱ̱½޵ע⣬ڼһţΪ׵Ľ޵ǰӭˣƤ̫죬һ㽫ղŷȫˡ
λǻش۵ĵްɣéɽλޣڵһλޣѾȥˣͲˡ

ԾȻҲЩȣéɽ֪ھȻֻһˣ
λѣھȻֻһˣ
ǡ

éһƽͻλĴ󣬶ڽˣ취մ֣Ҫ¶ȽʱԴˣ

*

ν¶ȽޣʵһЩСͬڵڵӣŴǰһ׼£˳һ
̳ʱ򣬹ǰлȥÿڲιյģʱţֱӶ콣

һéɽڡڻлشۣҪ콣ŽһޣҪֳȥĸڵĶ

éɽֻ߸ˣֻȥǿֵĹֻһˣѹƾ޴

ǸĵӽԼֱʮÿһϣҪѿˡ
ֲүүʱֻ˵ͺãԭҾͺã

Բߣʦʦȥѧϰ˳رͬļ
ƵޣȻˣıá

ǱѾźãҲοһ䣬ƵѣҲ̫ɥ˵ʮŲμڽЩ˾ҲѵãܳȥμŴȣֲֲȱ㡣

ԭŵéɽڼͣ£˪ͳѩҾޣʹηɵģǶǵһμӽЩΪѡ

ЦĸʵҲΪѣǻشۣȻҽΪҲϲ󷨡ʦܣεʱ򣬱ѡʦܣѧʱֻҪȷһÿڶеͬޱɡ

ѩһл㡣

éɽֻˣûɶȥޣݶķӱڸһȥޣ˸ֲʱӦպúķһ¡

ٶվɶʦ˪콣ڽ޵ʦѩȥٻŽҩʦ˾ȥѧϰʦڹȥѧϰʦȥѧϰ󷨡
սǿСʦһСʦýԲͬŽӦǵصĵӡ

*

߸鶨׷׸ɢǰӦŶ鱨Բйγͻһ˾һȥѹ

ԲͶʦ˪£ʶµͷߣ콣ڵ

ʦ˸ϵ콣ڵĽʱֻؾȻҲ˽󣬶شǡǺǡ

˶ʶкǱɫ򽭰Բͳ˪
ʦ֮콣ڣΪǶǻش۽޶Ϊߵ
ضǰΪûˣéɽΪʲôĻڵĳ˪ڵĽԲ

̲סԲһԣѣμ콣ڵѵûǰҲͰˣôûλӤڵʦ콣ڣΪ͵ĳٵѹһ˵սΪҪԿģ

˵սԲȵ۾

˵սԴչĻҲѿˣԲҪ콣ڣŸģôоǸ˿



ǻ⼸ɵӣɨǰһü⣬ŭӰϸ̸̨˴˸ʾһ˵ȸϽӡ

Ÿվǰ̨ϵĽޱһӳ߳⳯ͷϻ

޵͵͵վ⣬ǽɨֳ㳯ͷ˹ȥ

ڼȻ˸Ҳףңȥվ

䣡䣡

޷Ӧ㽫飬ֱֱҵ˽Բǽϡ

ƨq(s^t)rһˣȴɵĴӵվֱĻһ
ǣǣ

վ飬˳ȥ

Բͳ˪һۣԾ˿ڿˮ
ʦɽƽδɻʱҲȴ˺

λ콣ڵĴʦ־죬װ




126.  126  ¶Ƚ4   ˵ս

һ˶ɺٴֽ, ˵Ʊȸղ
Ŵֻʣһ֮ڣʱ־ᣬ¶ҡ, ǵȴǽǸ̵δΪҽڵ, 罣У, ģʲôʱ򣬶ҪԼݣ콣ڵĵ, ǵڵڣס𣿡

ٸ, 罣Ӧ
Ǵʦֽ̻壡罣У, ģ

ͷڿĩβ
ΪῴͼӰ, ûϵɨɨȥҲûɨӰ, һ˼üͷ
콣ڽ޵ļλ, ̨ϡ

Ǻͷȥ, Բͳ˪ʦ󣬻ظ

ȺС㣬ӭڶߴޣ̤˸̨



ſ壬ԭμ콣¶Ƚ, ĸŮӡ
˲ͷްԴΪһ㡣
ǺǻӤڣǻ굤, µĽԲͳ˪һֻڣиڣ

˼˴ιйشţ̾һò׼Щףȴ϶Щϲ̨СϺС㣬˵ǸԲΪԴ˱˹ڵλѡ

ȻλҪ콣һô͵ð콣ڵĹΪڣҩ޽ԣϸǰҩսѽֵ˰˵ս

˵սһʼҩΪӳֻ֣ԷгಫȻյĵսδʼλڿǿǣȤȥĴڵĶóı죬üġ

Ļһ䣬رɼ˿Ŀ򽭰ԲѣڻߣҪҪֱȥڰ

Բʵʦ˪ģ߲߶νЩ£ʦ˪ʦ㣬أ

˪۴ս⣬ӸղֱֱŶľ죬ҲĵԲȻҪµģлʶ콣ڵİ˵ս򲻹Ҳѵõľ顣

ʦϾǰǸսӣԲҲܲµĴ𰸣Ȼʦ£ȻҪŵģƵѣʦҪұҲ£ȥѰʦֶ񣬻ţް

ҲɴվԲߣѣүүҶѧѧ㣬Ҳˣղ콣ڽޣҲùͷȭ񣬡ƵѣҺͼλ

û뵽˵ˣ˻ϸ򣬾ĮȻջߡ
ȻˣǾվضĩβ˵սΪ֣һսһֻսһֳսһǵĶվ漴ѡ֣ȽսսʤߣЪϢʱμӻսսµʮˣμӳսֱʤߡյǽˡ



ѹ콣ȻÿŴȶòһȴٵģԭȥ֡

*

Բվضĩβܿѡ˸Զ֡

ʦ˪ȽϵùѡľȻǸӤڵĽޣԲһüͷʦ㣬֣Ӥڶ˵ҲЩ̫ˣҪȻǷɣ

˪ȡԼķĽԲĸ첲Բδ̫СʦˣʯĴʱұһ֮סӤڵѪϹ֣ҲӤڣο㻹ʦԻ경򲻹ӦҲܵõġģʦ򲻹ֱӸܵġ

䣬ǰıȶ̨ϱ㿪ʼкţʽʼ˵һ

*

ϳģǻӤڣҲǸӤڡ
ҩ޵ҩƣϽ޵ıһ|֣һзܷһܿǸռơ
ˣȴԽǽޣȴҲû˵Լ

Բͷһοش۵Щüѣǻش۵ĲԽᶯתǱȵЩ

ǵ˿佱̵ģԼҲĵͷҴʦܹμӰ˵սΪıǶֻǿϧս̨ϲýѵĳԻ̣Ȼʦܲӵÿвʤء

Ƭ̺Ӵܷɿã·磬̨ͷ̾ҩͶ
λޣӮˣ㣬ֻ³ٱˡ

ǽ޴ͷ׷βû£ЩȴҲֻܵ㵽Ϊֹ

ڵıȶ̨Ͼʱ˶ʦ˪ĺơ

ĻӤһιΪ͵éɽڳ˪ҡҡͷ
λޣҵľ̫ˣҪȻͲҪˣֱȥμӻսɡ

˪ȡԼһɫӡһöգͶһȦ󣬡ߣɲս԰ܣ޲صģ಻֣ⷨз󣬿ɱǣս˵

ȳ˹ȥ

ȻԻ경õĻɳ˪ٶٲȻԲһ۱΢΢ģ֪ʦ㲢޵ķʸ

Ľֳ˫˪ıһöɫӡڿнųҲս⣬

飡

⻥һڱȶ̨һûԲĽŲѣٿǰһȶ̨ϾȻԼĺơ

һһ

ڣԲһʦ㣬ֻ޲Լ¡ˣһʦ㣬ʣµȥ̨ϱ

Ļͷʱ徹Ȼû
ǰ

ʱͷһۣڴ˴Ҳ㲻Զȥɡ

ֻһ䣬ýԲͷ󰲣ллǰ

*

ԲĶǸӤڵŮޡ

̨Ů̱üéɽǸԲ

ҡԲԼ

ҹڹϣѾȫĿ˿ȥֺ͵ǸƹӲˡ

Ů޿ķǳ˳飬΢ɲ̧°ͣȻǽѣڶ˵һ䣬ȣҩӳ֣ѵ츳ˣ¸ʰ·磬Ȼȶ̨㲻󷨣ѿѵã

ԲʦǱߵıȶ̨һۣЩżĶ˶ţ㶯ְɣһȥʦأ

ظղž첻˵ˣ󷨾Ͳ£˭˭

̬̫ŭ˶ŮޣüɫһԲ

еʱʾԲûŮޣֱԭصһǰմͻһ̵Сֱֱԭڵλ˹ȥ

Ůޣͬ˫ͬޣһһ̣һһ

Բ㿪㽫һèӵУŮ޹˹ȥ

ΪܴһΣȴϷɳȥŮޱͻȻһת㿪Ĺϵľ



ǰһȶ̨ϣǡڴʱһλʦ̨ܴ
еĳ޵ĳһ룬Ҳһ룬УŮ޵ĸо

̨ȴǱƲмıʦΧк
ʦ֣еؽ˲ٰǿϧղһսʦֲߴͽ̰

١ɨһۣȷһսˣҪұһ

ǽһʶЩڣӲͷƤȻҪȵģ
ãһҵ㡣

Цݣʣ·ԲŮ޵ıȶ̨ʱÿԲǰһ
ˣȥɣ

¡¡

쳹Żһ೤ըŮ˴̨

סˡ

ڴ򶷵ĽҲһߺһ

ΨԲֺǺǵģඵӱȶ̨Խȥߵ߶ĳǰȥ
һܻһߺʦͣʦ

ĿŽԲ콣ڸĻϢڣ۾

Ƭ̺Żͷһλʦܣȥʦȶ̨ϸ󷨡




127.  127  ¶Ƚ5׽棩   ս塭

Բ֪ԼһɤӸеıȶ̨˼, ˸󷨡

̨ԹԵļʦ˪ȥˡ

ʱߣ̨ϵ£ʦȻ, , ȶҲ㣬Ľ, ѹΪͬȣһʱƳ˽Ҳˡ

ֲǱ߶, ʦû

ȻԷѹΪ, ˫ȷԷſֽűһˡ

ԲһŸҪͷһ̨, Ȼٴνĺơ
һ

ǵùӮ֮ƾͱӻس³ȡҪд, ӻȥͱˣ

Բõ, ֻתͷ̨ϳ˹ȥ, ˣ

æ



ղŽԲһֺڵĽ޶˼, һϳӤڵнޱȡ˶䡣

úսپĽԲ±û뵽Լʱˡ

н޻㹴𴽽ǾٽԲ˹

ԲȻǰ棬ȴûٺǽǰɿĸת

нޱٶȼ죬ɽԲתٶȸ, ת

нڳ嵽Բǰٽ̹ʱ򣬽ԲǰҲ, ƾٶƴһƬ󣬽λУ

޵Ľݺݴ̳ȴԲǰתŵͣ|򣬷顱öãһ뿪Ѱ©ˣȴıƬ

ǽ޵ڣǽ޷û˽̺Ȼ󾪵ĻȥȡȴԼıϱ㴫һ˶˼ٴɿ˵ϡ

ԲתͣǸ޺һޣӮˣ

šȴǵϵĽ޲ΡΡַԣԲոգ󷨵ң



޵۾ҲԲһתĹ·ˣԲո󷨣ʹһ

⶯ȻȴΪ޵˸Щ˵ע⣬һ̽ɵĿ˽Բ

ԲĽҪΧ콣ڵˣͲҪǲϹˡ
ޣղҲùķӣôþУþͳ󷨣㿴ˣǲ󷨣

һ˫ָסתٶԽԽ죬ԽԽ죬һܲ͸ķǽڴʱԲһһȥ

ˡһղŵٴγ֣βŵĽûΧĽ޶˼ľ

Ȼ󣬿ȴ㲻ʲô󷨣ûۣûʯֻǵΪپ׶Գɷϡ

ԲٶȿǼޣֲãӮûн

޻Ȼæ֣һţʤ

⻹ࡣ

ԲǷͷ˱ȶ̨ٴγʦλó˹ȥ

û뵽ڶˣʦ㻹û꣬ʤ⣬Բϲ̵ٴʦͣʦ



ûúȴǴݵĴԶıȶ̨ϡ

н޿֮໥ԲֶβʤˣǰΪܴڵɽӣȫƾԼ裬ˡ

ҵǾֶһ㣬㿴öлѾƷŽ׵ı˵ڷҰӰҪЮ˹ǽʮƷʯȥǵĲرѡڣƾЩӳ֣Ҳܵġ

һ˵ȷ԰ϧˣǰ˵սȻ͸ȥս̨ϳԹˡ

˷һڽ޶ԽԲ˸ɫ۾ƫƫԲԹԵĺʹ죬ȫȻЩۡ

ɴվʱ壬ȴĸоԲڳµ߬ȭ

ԭҲǵûûΡ

ʱ뵽ٴǰıȶִ̨ϤĺаˣôһţԲֵˣ



ΣͲûˡ

ôһȶ̨Ǻͻػϣ֪һԲȻѾҪȥμӵˣʱһۡ

ΧҲƮ˶˶УһЩ˰˺õķ۾뷴ȴһסҡҡͷƵѣлսͳսأеǻԼϴлҾ͵｣޵Լɡ

Щޣƽذʢ죬ղŴǸн޸ǿɶ˵ʲôɢСɼӣ֪ܣҪ֮ӣҪôԲ

رȰ˸ɴŽԲ˵ȶ̨ϣΧۡ

ѾǵζôʱͽԲһͬʤĽޣѾǵΪ

ϳģǻӤڵĽ޻ꡣ

޻Ҫϲ٣ķɱ֮⣬һ̨ͽԼҵ˵ϡ

ﬣ

ǳһֻᣬҵȶ̨Ϸһͬʱ˼ǻ⡣

ΧĽ޵ʱӣ۴Ϸʣ⽭Բ浹ùξͳ˻ʦ֣ϴʦֵĳеؽҲĺܣÿζܴϰغϣ½Բٻˡ

ȿɣô෨˵ʦ֣ҲҪԸͷء

Сűƶ࣬б±ЩͻʦֱһӮ˲ģЩɼվӮˣҲһܵʲô

⻰ʱʦʦӦǡ

غǾվǼ콣ߣһһЩЩ̲סİǻһ䣬콣ڣѲֻ޽÷ҿҲ˲ٰѲ÷ʱ򣬾ӦԵõãɼˣҿǷǼˣʵǰɣѾֻҲܴ۽Уq(s^t)rһûʶ彣ޣ

㡪ǽޱش£̱Ҫţ̨ϵĻȴѾʱὣԲ˹ȥ

һŭ⣬Цһq(s^t)r㽭ԲΣǲ֪ʦֵĳ֮ʱǧ֮ؿѹΪ⽣һʣⷽԲϢ½ؿôǵſɣԲһΣûô౾¿ʩչˣ

Ǻͻؾȶӣתͷ̨ϣȻǻÿÿ뽭ԲԽϱһɽϢԽԽŨǡü뽭ԲԶǽϢһ·Ϯñȶ̨Χڶʶ˿źת

֪еĽԲΣ

Ǽȷ̵ĽѾȭ˿ֵı飬ɾڴʱǼĽԲӰӰӰɽϢɢ鿪

ǡӰ

ų̂˲죬̨ϵĻȱˡ

ĳٽɷԲ֮أʶǽԲΣһ̨֪ԼҪʤҪ̵ʱסԲжֱӱὣأ·еλöˣ⽭Բ·ôãڷӦȻ̧ͷ

֮УԲӰȻһ˲֣֣Ѿʱ˺ôһɫĹ磬̧ͷ¶һ˿ս⣬㽫浽ǰһ

꣬ĳҵļ֮ǿȱȰɣ




128.  128  ¶Ƚ6׽棩   ս塭

¡¡

ǽԲѾõ, ٱʹȴΧ۵н޶ɫ

ֻ۽Բ۲ƣ, ȴϵ, ӵм׵ķ
֮ͻĳ֮ͬ, 㲻ЩԲֶҲԶ֪Ҫö࣡

һʦֵĳȷʵռˣ

Ҳû뵽, ԼҪսپ, ԽסӣƵýԲֱӷųУԼѹ
ɫͻ, ȴɥ֮⣬ԽսԽµƱӿ, ˵ǰ, Ƿâ, Ǵ˿̵ǻΪ, ɽ

ӭͷѹɫ⣬ȻЦһȻԸָ̣ǻĳһ⴫˵е֮

䣡

ɫ͵˻ͷֳֳ, СɽΡȻֱӽ磡

ԲЩĴӿƮ, Щ̵üͷޣִ֣ôֱӿˣԲסˣ´һЩ 



һ󣬻źһһѣ񣬷飬㣬ǣĳˡ

ǿӲԴ壬״ͷţȻûнڣȴѾվöδŲλá

¼ڿڣȴˣʦܿŲһ䣬ʦ֣ǽԲƾЩű£ȭȣ䰡֧㣡
ǰʦ֣Ͱⲻǻö˶˵ٴȥ


ˡ

ӦǵģһͻȻصΡӰ



ѹԲӮˡ

ΣϵԳĻʦ֣ıǰҪ죬ֻһмףûֱˣز
Ȼлеԭ򣬿ɽԲǳɹһڻĽ޶ˡ

ҶﲻȴҲûղŰ㣬ָ𽭰Բǿȡʤˡ

Բδӱȶ̨ʱ򣬶ʦͶĽҲڽս֡

ǽȻѹΪڷֳ˪ʤΪһ·ѹƣƵó˪ֱӿ䡣

ԷѾƽѹΪˣ˪ҲźֻЩɥ
һ򲻹콣μŴȵĵǧ߶Զ

˪˱ȶ̨ɫ䣬ԲҲ³뷨ֻʵˣΰο
ʦ㣬𲻿ˣȽսͺʦܻһλðɣ콣ڵİ˵սȷǸĵط

˪ΧһСʦãʦ˵㿴ÿǰҲܿÿ񷴶ûˡ

˻鼸䣬ǰս̨Ѿʼ˪Ǻͻ˵ĺơ

˱ȶ̨Ҫȥս̨ϻսġղŴܵļʮ޶Ѿ˻ս̨ȥսƽԲ̨ϽӰһ֪ʮΣա

ԲԼΪ˿ʦ㣬ûֱɱӮˣʦ㣬ս̨ôΣգҪȻ㻹ֱӷɣѲһˣô죿

˪ͻءǶһۣ򽭰ԲСʦãӦްģ㣬ȻӮǾͼȥéɽ

ǳû֮ǰǸҩѣҳ鵽ʮźţǵðҶ߼ţޣĺֶε꣬ȡ

ҲԼֱѣͬˣʣˣһҪǴǰĿ˵Ľޣս̨ȫõģǬ뱣ס˴´࣬Ųǣ

û뵽ʱ򣬴ҾȻ뷨
Բ̲סǣȻҾڼһ¡

͵ս̨ϣ־ͼǬס״򲻶ŷſתرȶ̨

һڽޱúΣ㲻ʶéɽڣҲʶԲˡ

ڱȶ̨ϵĽޣҲ˻Ӥڣ䲻ڵĽԲڽ޶̲סͶƵĿ⡣

Բ֪вߵŵߣѡ콣ڵĶϧȴûþͱ콣ڼҹݵѵʽˡ

ЩΪӤڵĵӲżֵİ˵սҲڵֶսͼŰˡ

ԲΪ飬ڵΪŴδйĳɼʵѾǴ콣ڵ

н޽ԲǰȶоĸʦֵռԲõóֵģҲǷȻӤڵĶ١ϳʱֽԶ룬ٴһܷ׻ķ⽭Բͳû취ˣϽϢȥɱһڴֶսԵ콣нһ



ֹƬ̣Բڵȵ˵Ĵνкš

һţԶʮźţ

ʮźţǴǵǸޣãˡ

ԲҪ̨ʱȴĵĳסԲ

ǰôˣȶ̨ϲôϳʱȻֻܺ͸ղһ̨µ

ԲΪǾδЩˣʱȴʾѾϱȶ̨ǸޣϣлδɢɷϢСġ

Բ۹һҲǸޡ

Ǹݣɫ԰׵ĻӤޣִһԲ̨¿Լ΢΢˹ǣǽԲɡ

ΧĽ޼ˣЩֱɢΧˡ

һЩǿŽԲ΢΢ЦԶúһ䣬࣬Σµùˡ
ÿαȶ֪㵽ΪֹǰֻǸش۵ǼԼʱͶ˲û۶ȰɣǺ˵ʦܺʦܵڻҩԲء
ͬڵˣҪһμŴȣÿζ˺֣ʦ־Ͳܹ𣿡
˭֪Ҫ˵֣Ҳû˴ˣÿҲ̫Щ

㶼С߶ȴʱĶ䡣

ԲѾ̨ˣȱǮȱҲûгԳ⣬ССһֻ

Ľȴ˴ͷֹֻڿһţӳ仡ȡ

һʼųԲ˹ȥ

ٶȺܿ죬ΪɷĴ߶ĻӤڵ޻Ҫ죬գ۵Ĺ򣬾ʹһ̨ϳ嵽˽Բߣ

ΪԲӰȴһٶȼĽԲȴ㲻ܣֱסĹƣ

ﬣﬣﬣﬣ

ֻ˲Ϣ󣬶˾ѾԹУڿжûöһǰһԲ⣬Ľȴζ

ܲڣŴȣسɴС
֮⣬Ҫɱ

Բ浽ǰδŹһɱ⣬вɱһǺں֮ɫ
ɱңǾҪûбˣ

ٴζ֣ǰŭһȥ

¡¡

Ϥĺй׻Է˹ȥ

Ȼûлôɵűһ˦ĵȥû뵽ס˽Բ鹥ȴûܵס׵ĹƣɱԽԣŲ뿪ԲѸı˹
ҵҪڵΪܷųٵףУ




129.  129  ¶Ƚ7׽棩   ơ

ԲѾԹ˽ϵȷɷ, Ȼԭصһת㽫Ӱ£⵽˽, ٹ͵Ϯ

ϧ˾ɷļӳ, ΪѳӤڣټΪ, 񣬲󱳵ɱ⣬̱һж˿

ſյԽػ, һй

ﬣ

һл, 죡

ԲȴʱԤ

ĵŲȴչһ¾ӵѶһĺɫԭ, ˵Ȼڶ

ԲҪ

˵, ɺǰ, ߰Ĺ컡, һڵ޵ľ, Բؿڴݺݴȥ

ʦ֣ɱˣ

ְʦ֣

ԾŵĽݺݴȥȴ˽Բķۺ󣬱㿰ʲôؿڴ

ﬣ

һ𣬽һҪսɽԲȴѾʼػ

ȻһϹ, ֮ٶϤļףᵽ˿Ϣɫ, ˾ɱĴûѸٺˡ

Ȼһ룬Բڵӣɫ糯˷˳ȥ

ЩĪ׺Ҳ֪ΪױɢѸģȴȻעһĽ׵˳

䣡

˱׵Ƶһ·ˣȶ̨һߣֶ



̶˲Ϣ㼸ȻתڽǶ鲻Խ̨ʱʱĿȴͣ˽Բؿڴ

ʲôʱ򽫻ַŻؿڴˣ

лţǽ˵ĽȻҪƤ˵ģ

ʱĿתĽˣȻ˾Υɱ⡣

ɷޡ

ͬѾȴȻûܶϵЩ

ɷһΪ콣Ҳ͸˽֪ڲֻжٶз
µڴվڸ֦Ҷ

̨ϵĽԲ׵֮ǿбŽˣֻ˲ϢĹѾʣһ롣

ھĲֻ̺󣬽ڽڰ˵Ľȴͣ˲ٶЦš

ʱٴ⣬ɫ΢ԣδͨؽڣȴߵһĽԲͻȻһ̤ŭһ黫֮͵ϮΣ

һȥԲƳȥ׵Կٴ֣Բڱ˸׵ΪȦ黷ԭ̨ǵĽˣʱӰɢٳʱȻԲ黷ͷŵıվֲֻ̣

㣬㣬ôܿ͸ҵĽڣȴżҪյ渡ŵļףٹƬ̱ܽڵɷ֮Ƴ

ԲȴδȫȻ¶ɷ·Ҳһλεɱ⡣

Ҳֻ룬ˡ

ʱһµɷѾڰֵڸǴݾߣȻٴν֮˾

ͬͬͲˡ

ԼĵƬ̺󣬼黷ˣȻƺûκ͵ϮĻᣬڴһ
Բˣĳ䣡

һĵļ̾ʾ⣬һţԲʤѣϽ黷ͼףȶ̨Ͽǲɱֻܵ㵽Ϊֹģ

ԲһۣҲδֱԼΪ˷ֻԹԵ¸̨Щ黷ǻþǵĽʦ֣־ᣬ겻ȣԼݽȥˣɱң

þ

ǼһȻδ񣬱̨ϵĽܻĳ˦һȦ

أе黷һȻȻɢû뵽ȻԲ黷þƭ䣡

⻳ɺ͵ЦĿͱ飬õŭڲܿƵٶȸȻ˱ԼȻ̨ĽԲ
ԲڿңҪɱ㣡

һԼȳ㻯һɫӰԲֱ̹ȥ

ȴϸշɳȶ̨Բһƾմ˴һ߳ȥ

ۣһ˵Ľ³Ѫֱӵز

ֱʱֵ˲ŴӲԶ

콣ڵĴʦ֣졣

Ƕҽڵ棡ڹȥʡʮգ´ٷұֱӷý֣

ԲֹѾҲԣתͷʱȴ쿪¡


ԲΪǰɵ£ͻȻֵɷ޽ˣѾ콣ûʲôӡˣ˾һۣôƵѷԼʦܽգָ𣿡

챻طһ䣬Ҳɫδ䣬Ƿ񣬵˸Ǹѣ¹ܽʦܲϣ¡ҲҪָ̽ѣҪ뽭ָ̡

˻һʦʦǱ̻Ȼ

вʵֹһʦ֣ʦƽؾ͵ˣˣֺαΪǫԲ
ǣǷ˲𣿾ܴùʦֺͽʦ֣ʤҲӮĲʣ

һס죡һ۾ĴޣԲز¶Ǿŷ

ĿɨԲĶٶǷһ񣬡ѣʦʦǰԲδ۹ҲȷʵЩղżѵķ飬ͽԼʱ䣬һ

˵ձȡԼĳеؽָãƳһ齣⡣

ڿлΪһ׹⣬ŽԲɴȦͣ˽ԲĶϡ

ֱУˣô⽣ܿõҰ̫ˣ

û뵽ĳеؽ飬ȻܸӦ

˼ǰԼѹ£Բ̱ܾˣƵѣҶԱȶһºȤҵķ飬ȴСĺܣҸϲȴ֮¡㻹ǺʦʦȥְɣˡҲˡ

˵ձʱߵǰĻվ̨ϿʦǡҶδͷ

ûϵԲܾԼԼջǵ齣⣬ųеؽڻ쳣ļ¶ٴγԲ˹ȥ

ȴڴʱԲߵʱͻȻͷһۡ

ʱĮȻϲɿھȴֻͷһĪϤ֮Уһ㷢ָղŻԾĳеؽ飬˲Ϣ

ȻһٶȳʱȥʱȴѾջߡ
ϣ·ܣٶ֤һʵʵڵ顣

Žʵֽ˽

֡

Ȼһ˵ķΪγеؽϲ˫飬ȴöл飿

ҸʱúһԲˡ



ȶ̨±ԽԽơ

峡ԲȵЩá

ڵȵĺƱеʱҲǡú˾ĺơ

һһңȶ̨ԣ˸ӭ˸ԵĶ֡

ԲڻӤҲѰ֣ȻҲΪȴڼ׵½ڽڰˣܿͱٶȴȥ

ȽԲսֵʱ򣬶ľ쾹Ȼڴ

صĶԲĮȻջߣȴһ

ıˡ

죬Ѿˡ




130.  130  ¶Ƚ8   

վ̨, ĵԽԽ࣬ҲԽԽҡ

ӲǬͳ˪ڶ, Щ
ʧ, ̫ʧˣ֪콣ն˵ķӴ, һȥڣҲɳʹ

˪Բͬ׿Ļأ͵Ц, Ƶ, ҪɳˣǵȵŴȣлһ, ŵȥ£㿴Сʦ, Ҳһ·¹, ȴ˶ˡ

, ׷һ, ٵѣԭҲкµĶôÿμһ˳ǰ棬δԼʲôѽ

˪ԭЩϲɫ˵ȴɫ

Сʦһ˳ǰ, ΪǶѾ˦˺档

ûʦʦǣֻǴô˲ϢΪ, 츳󣬵ֻСʦһ˽нԶ

ˣȴҲԼ

츳ޣζҲ޷Сʦһ㣬ܻ˾޵̬

*

ս󣬱㿪ʼ˳ս

ΪԲûвμӻսҲӹ˳սɫԼƷڵѿΣֱӺͶʦ뿪лƷڡ

*

Բռƻ˽յķʯκڽԨ뵽һԣڿαһ¡

ǰ˵ģԸʯĿӡ֮þҿ𣿡

ʶ˽ԲֶΣԨѣؿӦ
СѣԨȱǮֻȱЩõĵӡ񽭵ڣ£ֻ˵Ҫʲôĳ뷽跨Ū

ԲƳඵһѣ£һѰһϢ֮ڶ鼫Ʒʯ£һ¹ڵҡ

¶Ԩ˵Ӧ̫ѣɶڽԲ˵ȴϼѡ

Ϣ֮һּΪټϣԣһ㱻෽ߣҲִֻƹԨܻ
Ϣ֮ܽοյﳹ´Ǹ죬콣ԵʶˣҲ±ˡ

ڽ輫ƷʯȻΪоɷ

˫󣬱Ϊɷһ¾Ǳסˣû뵽ȴʧЧɷٶȾ󲻻涼

˵֮һֱоɷܺһҲɷıʣóɷɷ֪ڲ

ͬһɷһϾĻ֮Ȼ̫ףģҲֻзӵĳоְɷо͸ӸƳ˵ı

ǾȴƷڿʼˡ

ԲһһףԨҡͷѣˣһϢ֮ƷʯҲǷ۵ʱ飬ȻСҪǾֻȥñǣαԽ裡Ҳټ򵥲ţȥš

ֻƬ̹ԨͽϢ֮öƷʯ˽ԲС

ѣһѾȥˣһȥµ̫ף֮⣬ٸһöƷպѣʱƷѰĳĳģزƴǣ

Ʒ˵ڹؼʱóԲԥһ˲ͽӹлŷƷڵĵС

ѣһλ䳤ϵĶ˵֪ƽҲţһӦҶѾãѿϲãзԸֻܽҡ

ҶƷһСײΧ±ھңѾǽԲ뵽õĸˣͷлѣ㹻ˡ

ȻͷһȡöʯԲѣҽ񳿼õһοӡͷæˮƽΣ

ԲѾ׼ɨһۣȻ;ȵͣ½Ųѣտ̳ɵģ

ϵöʯǺ͸һ֪ͽԲĳƷˡ

΢΢ͦţȣȴżֽǣҴʱͻȻЩȻſ£û뵽ֱӱˣѣʯܿɣ

ԲһЦöʯӹϸ£϶ͷֹܿãϲѣѾʸʼʯˡ

ѣֱӾʹӽȡһѿ̵ѣһֱܿӡȴôǰ㣬ͽ̡

ӽȡԼ׼õļֽͽ̵أɰˡӽ㲻ÿ̵ˣطʣҪҪһűֽϣԭӡĵİٷ֮һ仭űֽϣʲôʱˣԺһܼ̳̿ˡ

һֽ٣ᱡһ¶ĺۼסˣ⣬ѣôķֽܳеס

ôˣײĲᡣ

Բֻڳһ֣ȡȡһŷֽӵУ֮ϣ

ķֽڿƮ𣬾Ҫ֮ȴԲϵڷŵıУԲ˷͸ղŵһֽһͬС
ѣһ츳ȱıֻǧٴκһεĶȻôͽöʯ̳ɣ츳ȻǽģǻˣͣһԵģ



СԲڵԽҡ

*

ķл㱵ıһŷֽ˷ҡ

⼸գһоҪȫйڴ˴ϵӡʯʦܼԽЩʧ
ʦ֣ʦֻһһҵ³ɹأǿ̳ˡ

д⣬΢΢̳ˣҿ

ʦ̵ĽöʯУȻȲľ£ȴȷǿ̳öϸķʯ

ЩɤӣʵղŽʦѾͬ˵½ҵϰ򣬳˵ĸҵԽһˡ

һ䣬о߰˸Ӷ˫ðվʦ֣棿һ̼ʦأȻµݣǲҲˣ
ʦ֣ʵҲ̳ˣܾûһЩ

һ츳ʱɨһȦҶһ»ָ֮ӵȻԵãھȻһ˿ƽС

ôţûܺͽѱȼ磬ģ

ᱡֽɢȥһСʾλǴҽҪ¡

Ƿֽ籡ٴ͵ѿˣһڵ㶣ע⵽ֽһ㼫嵭ȴݺӵ

ʱϢˡ

*

һߣѾһõĽԲҲʰͣȡһƷ¯дԨöƷʯ

ȻҲһ׵¯ߣɽԲãȡףǵݴڰס

öƷʯԨ˵մӹǧƷʯ㴢ֵõġ
ļƷʯǧö

ǰܿ⼫Ʒʯʲô֮𣿡




131.  131  ¶Ƚ9    Թķޡ

öƷʯ, ̺ȻУҲܸоɽ, Ȼ

ֻǴʹ, ʯеӣ⡣

ʱ彫һöƷʯ, ڹתתʯϿ촦ȴЩ͸

Բü, Լĵ, ǰܸӦǹϢǲЩɢħ飿

ƷʯҪ鱾峺, ܱʯȹ̣öƷʯ, 濴ȥû, һʱ߶, һɹϢ

ʱ彫ƷʯŻ, ɫʹڽԲĵطԭѾָɫ˫һֻѪ֮ɫ

ʱ彫ѹ£ص˵ɢ, ˵ɢꡣ

ꣿʲô𣿡
־ȴʶֻлԵõ, ܻγˣӵʶ޵ſɳ֮Ϊꡣ

ȻѾ޵ǲѾԳ֮Ϊǣ
ǰ˼ǣƷʯŵɢĻǣ

ȵȡ
Բ˵˼

ڵĸоǿҩ㿴һЩ־ɢҳײǸʱΪⶼǼƷʯ̫棬һЩĶ

ǰ˼Ʒʯԭɢꣿ

ǲǿԲ²⣬ЩԭӦõġ

ȴ֪Ϊαװ˼Ʒʯڣ汩Űڱ˽ļƷʯҲƺ󣬱ɢҵ־ӡ

һɷҩɢ˳ŵ޾С

ҲԣȻɢ꣬͵޵Ļȣǵôô׾ͱ־

УжԲϵĵط

оһʱվûн

*

ٰȥڶҲҪˣԲִӣоֺԺĿϴ

ʱٶ۵ʱ򣬱㿴ԲԴһһ㣬ͿҪϡ

еѾɢ״̽ԲҵϵԴס

ӹһֱҴææܣڸƷڿΣ콣ڱȶҪȻɽ·Ӵܡ

СĹȴڽӹصĵӺδ£һ·ǰС

˶˵츳ãѣֻߵʱ壬֪˽жôŬ

ƷڵĿΣƼ򵥵ӱʶͣɹһֽڷ߷ֽѰġ˽ûٻоҪνԼڹϰΪݻһζ֣ٽ

ʱļǵãԲӸɽϵڶʱƣ񲻶ȫһţڿԼʦų׷˯ȥ

֮󣬱ǵ֪λʦʦڰԼԺǶʦʦǣҲһ˭ûֵķ

뵽ʱ΢΢һЦĿ򽭰Բ

٣Լǰǻżġ

۾ÿ˿ȴĵıţڰƴϣƽոһֻСޣ˱

ҲǴʱʱŷ֣¾Ȼһ˿΢ɲĺࡣ

ˣȻѹƻˣӰ嵽׻Ǽġ

ƽֻҪɻָȴҪʱؾ

ƫƫԲȴǾãԼȱľʱ䣬ӲϺúϢ

ʱ΢΢̾˿ᱧ𣬷ŵһԵϡ

òŵһ䡣
Բʵô۵ġ

Ļ֮Ѿڰݷǧ꣬һģ

˵ӵéɽڵһ̿ʼֱѾ£ֻʵʱ

֪࣬ҵȵҲʹˡ

ʱһǧٴλңֻһξı֯Ļԣ˭֪أ

ģҲǱǰ˰ˡԵģˡ

*

Բҩһ˯ֱ˯˴ʱ־¶ʼֻһʱ̴Ӵ˷š

ƽؾ˯ʱҲ֪ʱĹ

ԲҴҵĸ콣ڣһ䣬ǰǹ֣֪ҵ»˯

ʱƳĿӣʮ̹ȻĳϣҸµĻ˯ֵֺֹһˣ֪ҵĻҹЪĿ񰾣뽫ҷڻϿҪҸʩ˻˯嶼ˣ

˵ĽԲ䣬ʱ˼Ƴʱ塣

һ;òԾˣʱǰôţһ㶼Żʵ١

ʱɫĳһۣڵŴѣΪϢˣ

𣿡Բֹתͷ䵽Ʒɽ⣬յž

ʦ˪˵ѾʦܻλãպʦѩȥٻŽҩˡ

ʦڹţѧϰ۸Ĳңæȥѹӡ

ԭȥ콣ڶĽԲ̹˵ȥڰʦѹ

*

Щһű㷢жƮ˸ɫڻ⡣

ЩȻ಻ͬȴϵƷʣһ³ڽеıԣӦڿĳ־

ȻǰһöͻȻ׹գ˼һ
ʮţ䣡

Ƭ̺ʮžٶȻöµķƮУԶԶܿ˶ɫ˥ܣǱѹƣ಻Եӡ

Ǹ¹һȼôôôۣ

Բʦַ˸žɰ׹ȥöδ˻أֻܴһܹȥʦֵ䡣

ûԶóֺһʮţ䣡ףȥ򣡡

𣡱𰡣Ϥĳɤź˾ˣϲˣôô۸˰Ҳһˣûݻ飬ܳŵ䣬Ѿܲˣô˵Щ޶ѾӤأҲڰ

ʦڹŵԲ׷˹ȥʦ֣ˣ

ԭڵˣڹ̱Сʦãˣ

ʦ֣⵽ô£Щȼڿĳ־𣿡

СʱڹϾѾģֱϻرԵϺۼ

ǰһüɫŮֳһߣڹš

Բ٣ԽûкɫҲéɽڵģһãһԼʱͬȥٻ

ڹίŮ޵ȷ˵ʵ˷СʦҲһԲ޷޲ƽҪ̳ʹ˸ɫСʦãܷܷ죬ǱǷߣ۵ģȳȥܷڣӦòᱻ̫ˡ

ԲǸܷܷһۣʦڹű˳ȥ

*

а˸⾹Ҳа

ֻڰǸյȼȴɱ|¾Ϊɱ

Щɱһɣ㱻ӵ˰ΧȦڡ

Ȧĵޣڷڳ˷ķǡǲֻʧĻŷͲʱɫɫķڳ𣬶ֱһɫɱ˹ȥ

ʹ˹

Ÿôȥ˾ʱڶһ󽭰Բڹűƽ˷ްȦ




132.  132  ¶Ƚ10   ҵҪ

, ֮һѾεéɽڹš
ΧһȦ޵ʱЦڹţôսȥֳѽ, СʦҲˣòǰڷҰӰʮƷʯĽԲɣ

û뵽Բ±ڵЦ̸, ԲЩȻĿʦ֣ʦ֡

ڹͷ, ؽҧƽؿ͵ҲţǲֹһĻˡ

û뵽ΪԼ, ʦ־һֱ, ԲЩ̲סʦ֣˲֪ͺָ, ţ

ڹקŽԲҶ, , Сʦ, Ǹ˼, ܹҪίģԣͷȵŴȣһȺô죿ҲˣˣƤӣҲͰ, ˭žֻ߸أ

ǽ̽Բװء

ɽԲǾݺݵһ, ʦ֣ЩһͰԸǵ𣿾ûӸǵɫ𣿡

ڹ̲סȻзӣСʦã⻰ʵˣҾ͵ȽءΧķʵҲڷڻȼĵޣҲҪΧ㹻ɱסԼĵλҲΧŹʱ䣬ܱŻط󡭡Ǹպÿ԰Щֽš

*

ʦöֹں£ΧʱУǽԲһ޼ңί֮ӡ

΢΢üͷǡôͷЦǸֳŽԲ˵˾䣬ѱĿɱ⳯Ƿ޴˹ȥ

ȻǷ̱쾯سΧһȦʱ̵ַЦһq(s^t)rҲҵңҲ

ռͱԵʦ£ʾʱ䲻࣬ʦ֣˵ˣǵķûء

־Գʱ˸ٴοڣԲͦģϧ¶ڸйأĶռˣڱʶʶʲô֮ʦʦǣӷ

ǣ˷ȦӦ漴Ⱥһźɫɱڵ˹ȥ

ԲڹվΧͷͱʮźɫ˹

ڹз״šһ̤أת㳯˶Ｗ˽ȥ

Сʦãˣҳȥ

ֶնյһһ㽫ŷķƿŽԲڽȺ

䡪

ЩӽĺɫɱҲڴըóٶһ಻ĺ

ʱΧڣԲڹżΧΧһȦڱΧķǵӽĸַ

ǱΪòűģٱΧ֧ŲƬ̾ͱըͷۻӶҵڵء

һ˼ĴţΧıըμΧ˱ȳΪµΧһűƤİײˣҪȿˡ

Բʦֻ棬Ȼûôܵ˺ҲܲΧԽԽԽԽķը

֪ʱԴУͺʦָһŷܱʼĻɫķ

ȻԲȫԻһöǿķԼʦֱڸղűʦȰȻԼ⼸ƺðͷˡ

ǱȻװ˵ıȶΧķ޷ٶȣ̵Ļ

ڹû׾գֻƳ۾ͷСʦãٲǾܶһˡ˷ҪӹʱܻһһԼסģ

ʦڣڹ˶ûյηȻһ߻һ߻ƴԲԼ룬ĵץ׳ԲҪʦ˴жˡ



ڹŻһŷɢ̲סְסʦ֣

Сʦãˣ컭ԽతĴԽ٣

ԲΧʣµĶʮޣɴഫʦ֣ȻҪǿԻĲãͻ㻭

Сʦãŵһﹻþˣô

ȻǸΧ⼸λðԲǰ汳Լļŷ̧̧°ͣʦ֣Ǽӱ֪ǾͰѲӸãǰǶţ



ڹž㵵۾漴ϲɫӦǣⷨ밡ôû뵽⼸޵ȷԽô죡

һƾͽõĴ󲿷ַ˽ԲתץʣµĲ򱳶ԼǼޡ

һųɢ̹⽫Ǽڣһ޲ͷȦڿһۣȴδü˭ֻ֣ɵǺмĵлһ֪λʦ֣ܳⲹ̫ʱˣлʦܣ

ʦܡڹŵͷ͵ЦļЩͻȻ֣ԼƺҵȤ

ƵĲȷԼƽվõĶ࣬ѾһĶãһš

Ȼ±ʱд˷ˣϧõ˼ֱӻƷ©ٵĶࡣ

Բ㽫һŷһͬķʦ㣬λޣҿղűը֣û˰ɣŷ㣬ϾҪֵˣܳŵʱ䰡

ŮǸ굤ڣڵĽԲԼͷ¶һ˿΢ɲֵȷ˵ˣ˰ҲŻŷļʦҲʵЩסˣǱ

лѡ

ԲЦеģֻɫҲԼóŷݹȥλѣҺʦΪͣˮƽҲһͷҶæˡ

ѵķҪײҪǼޱ˴˶˸ֻ⽭ԲǸɵӣҲֱӱˣתͷȴŲλãֹӲŵ˼

ڹžڽԲߣȻõĶǼ޵ȴֻ̧ɨȦٴεͷֻǵͷȴٶĲš

СʦãеﲻסЦˡ

ԲֱӸһ⻨ʦ֣ﲻסҲñţģôڲЦ

˹ŲλãٴζǼʵķһĸӲ

ܿ˱ȥӽķ

ܽҶȦķǣѾ˺ܶճȥļҲʼģɫķȶǽ

ɾڴʱ֪˭ķɫɱУͻȻ˵̹⣬̹⾹ûɢתԾҹĺɫɱһ˲

һڵ޻δӦʱǵȥĺɫһ·ɳȥֱӾΧİȦ

䣡

ģ˭عȦɱӹ־Χ򣬼״ŭһ

Ȼ໹δףۿɱӺζ

Ϊ棬˳ɫķ󱻼źɫɱУ

˵ҲˣɫɱȻûбٶȱ󵯳̹סһ·˻ȥ

Χİ޼״׷ɫ䣬ɢһöɱֱֱӭ־żȥȻ鼱㿪ȴǱɱڶߣ˶ըԹ˵ġ

־عŭĿΧһڵޣðõúܣãΪУȻѧ͵ըˣ

־ŭĿǼӳ˷ȴһĪԼȻ˵ķޣq(s^t)rһֻϷ漴Ӷȡһպõĺɫٴγ˹ȥ

ҵҪǻ˶پ־㽫ķһٴγȦʣµĶʮ޺ݺ˹ȥ




133.  133  ¶Ƚ11   ޡ

Ҳ֪˭״Ȧںһ, λϽӷҪЩɱ, Ҫ˵ģ

Ӧ, µĶʮ̽ķӳʱ춼Ʈ˺ɫɫɱ, Сһɫ

ⲻǿԷľ

Χİһϳ̾ɫĲ̴ֻڿ־û뵽ԼͷɷⱨҲҪ˿, Ҫ, ;ý±ʲôסˣͷһһŲ֪˭Ķ

, Բԣ־ʱɫ䣬̧ͷʱ, ķѾͷ˹ȥ

䡪

Լӳȥ˵аɱ, Ȼֻʮ, 㲻

ʮŷʱ, ȵըȥԵʦʦǰտ־ѾԼķըĻԲѣѪۡ

·ͻȻֶûüһ

ͻȻĶСھ˷ڵ, ܷܷҲŽ߳ˡ
ô£ֻ۱ע⵽ǰΧŵȺʦ֣ôˣ˭˵㣿˵Ȧܷķ޲ûɱ˭ɵ, վ

ԲʦڹţµĶʮ̳Ϊʸ֮ġ

еֱӿʼ״ʦ㣬Ǽ޸ɵģǳʦû֣

ܷܷüɫĽһӱ㻮鳤۳һ˹ȥ
ǷǳܷȻҷҹ

ۼҪǹ׶ۣмֱķ޵ıһ䣬ʦ㣬ôǣǽͣǸûлɱֻֻʦʦͶȡɣЩЩɱɨȥˣʦԼܻҪǣһ˰ɱʦʦǵľҲ٣ţŻ

ǻͻ˭ͷľܷܷ۴ɫ̱ץ˹ؼ

˾ʱӦĽһˣǽԲǽԲ͸ҵģһ͵͵ڷ˾ǣ
ԣҲ˼ŽԲķ
ҲˣһǽԲɵģ

ڹӲŵĵ޵һң̲סָǴԲʲôʱˣһǺô˵ξΣҺʦôӷжãӵʱ䣡ܻôྵҿԼģˣŰ׼Ҫ߸ʦãǺôҲǷڵڵӰȻƿ˵£ɳܣЦ

ֺõŭһڵޣŽԲվ

ʦȻһֱȴҲɱйԶͷҡ

ǽԲʱɫ԰ףЩûعľʧ룬Χǻڷʦ֣ˣһΪǸ־ɱءȽƷڣһҪ´̫ˣ

СȰȵһͨ˵Χ˷Ӧ㾪ϲָǰʱ©ʦ֣ܷʱѾԽˣ

˵ձ㳶ʦڹߣһͱ涢ǵܷܷһ֮ڽ£

վס𣿡

ڹźͽԲһۣСʦǰ棬ѣʲô˼ʱܷ㶨µģȻʱ䵽ˣǵȻӦûطƸշѲ㻹ʲộָ

ܷܷĽԲЦһָ˵ϡʦʵûв壬˶ܻط󣡡

˵ձ㿴Բһޣʦܣղźʦһͬ⣬ǾһЩǴӺδİɣ

һ˱׷ױɫ

ڹҲЩƲסĽӲӣԲ͵͵Сʦãöȷ𣿿ɱ汻Ҫùģ

Բ¶ۼǣ鲻䣬ɴʱȴǿϷ죬ʦ֣ͷİɣöʲôۼû£޵ľͲһˡ
Ͼ˭һܽϵ鼣Ƶĸոպá

ʦѾƳһտɫ仯С

ƮɢǵâܿڿиŴ·ߡ

ɫĺͺɫ鼣󲿷ֶǰΧվŵĶʮޡ

ɫġȻҲ˹ȥ

м˽ȥ

ΨԲڹվŵĵطֻɫķۼ

ڹż״һ漴ͷѣף㻹кܶҪʦʦ㣬ҺСʦÿɲֵģͽˣ

ֱܷܷĶԣ֤ǰһµȷͽԲ޹أֻĿǶ˽˷

βɨû׷ڹǽһȺ¹̲סٶ͵͵سЦ
Сʦã̫ʹ죬̫ˬˣޣŷ׺ãɱһĽ蹫ı˽۸Ϊĵޣ󣬹֪˰ɣ⾵õģһ֪˽͵͵˲ӳ·ǰ޹ƾҪһطˡٺٺ١

Χĵ޶Ц׷עĿԲæʦ֣ǸϽȥշɣһǵһλַúúý̽ҡ

ʦܿͿʼԻµĸշ

ԭһµȡǷƣڷڵĵޣҪøշԼķٶȣѱ֤Ŵʱá
˵ķͻᱻų󣬿ʼɱԱ㱣֤Լڴʱս

ǰٶȶûõķޣȻǱȥɳġ
һķ޸𹥻ıҪѧǴ˴ҪڸԵӵĵ

Ȼ˼Чġ
⿴ǰޱ֮󰵴׼˾֪Ŵʱ·磬ҲվŵȰ򡭡

ʦֵĽͣԲҲֻ͸ˡ

ⷨȻãȴЩŵӱ˴˵Ĺϵ

Ŵʱ˶һģըըȥѱ϶ʱǻɻһʲôã

ʦѧ˸շ㽫еȴ

֮󣬻ûȵľ䣬ȴڵȵɫ䷵ܷܷ

һжۣӦ֪ǰӶвڰ׼ֻźʵĻ㱨ȥˡҲ֪Ĺ᲻Ͻֹʹþһʱǲûȥˡ

һһķ䣬ܷܷȥ˷ȥȣڹŵĻΰΣƮƮɻ󣬡ףСʦã⸡շôƮôûû

Χ˼ޣСʦڿ΢΢Ź⣬ǻвӡ

ܷܷǡ·ˣڹŵֹҲ̧ͷ˽ԲķЦһת˿òǻͶȡɡҵҪܳŶá

ڹŬŬͣq(s^t)rһֵߵߵȡհ׷Բ͵͵ʵСʦãôİܲܽ̽ʦ֣ʱʦ־Ͳñ͵Χˡ

üԶ˶䡣

˺һȴֻԲҡͷʦ֣ɶͶȡɵķӣѵڵĴ֮ãϻȥԺۡ

ɲûûιӲŵķ͵ѧȥq(s^t)r

*

ҹ䣬ܷܷһʦݴϢ

ռлԲڹվһ鼣µһĻٴγǰ

֣Ķ֡

˼ڻȻ񣬶㾪Ĵվ

⣬ôܣԲϣôֻһ鼣

ٷķ飬޷һգƣԲ϶ǻֹһŷģôֻһ鼣

Ѳɣֹ󷨣ڷһҲǸţ
ǽվһ¡

ڶգܷܷŭȵڹų֣ȴû˽Բټ

ڹź˸棬ܷܷ쳤˲󿴣ʱ͵ЦһѣʦձǴˣղˡ

ܷܷջĿ⣬ƣ˭˵ڵˣúĸշɣ͵ˣ˵ձڹһۣת뿪

ڹҲıӰبq(s^t)rһУſɣҾԲٱͳȥˣ
ǰһҹѧСʦоĸշȻû취Сʦôá

ܸԼȡٻʱˣڹŰڸԼһСĿꡣ
£һҪɹΧҲһɱģǰûĵķޣ




134.  134  ¶Ƚ12   ӳɢ

¶޵ĵ, ԲЩŲλʦ㣬ĸϵҩ⣬һμӰٻȵĽ

նݵҩ, ᵽһĿҩ㡣

ҩӻشŵĲһ, ҪǱҩ֮֮, ܸоζֵҩζƫƫÿһֶǢĻһᵽǼ, һʮĻ̩

λʦžŤͷʱ塣

ʱɫ糣, Ʋûкһҩݡ

Բ΢΢Щʧ
ղҩЩ⶯, ѧϰͬʱһӰٻڻЩƷ׵Ĳ굤ҩ

ɼȻǰ޷Ӧ, ֱǰҪʲôĲƷ
ҪǵԼĹǰʲôõ, ֱӿ, ʲôԥԥ, ǲʹ졭

Բյǵžһյ˳˪Ļš
[Բ²ҩ󣬶콣ڵĺɽյܼ, ҲѣҪæ㻹ǸϽȥڵĶ￴, ʱ䡣]

ԲŻţüͷ

˵ռһڸڽ¶Ϊʲôʦʦȴںɽ

ҩҩ㰡ѲٻҲʲôҩֻػƣ
漰Զ콣ںɽ

룬ɴ࿿ҩҪ
ȴϸߣҩ߸һԤ󷨣漴и̵۵Ůҩ޴ڴҴҷɳ

ټ죬źһʱһ˭˴󣿰ٻҩ󲻵룬ѵû˽𣿡

Բû˺˵ٻȵҩ˽

ѾֻϻŹɫλѣéɽڵĽԲҪλʦһμӹڵĽ

ŮԳԲ´һۣ漴һЦмֿϷɫԭéɽڵСʦðλʦȷҩޣλش۵ĵޣһλڵŮޣĸպãҹɡ

ĿɨԲʱ壬ʱϷ𣬻˱ľ棬ѣԺ£ðæǰٻȵĹأڶҲ˰ɣ

ԲЩǣȴʱĴ޷ȥЩɡ

Բźλҩ޵ȡĸǰ

˶ĸϣϵ˵ǧ񣬿ȡ񣬱ҪһΪҩʸƷΪֻܽȡ

ԲѾȥѰʦֱӿΨһҪҩ



ҩ콣ںɽȡӳɢݡҩ

Բգգ۾ȷд꣬ʮ꣬ŭ𣬿ǰҩޣѣ콣ɽҩѻɽ֪ûӳɢݣǿ𣿡

ŮҩǣЦһѣɲô˵Ƶɢ鵤õıǴ콣ںɽĵӳɢݣһ¯ҩݣѾʮ¯˵

ԲԲţŮҩ޶˵ˣҲڱ粵ҩȡأ

ŮҩЦݽȻҲǿԵģҪȡҩʮ񣬷ǧҩݻȡʮöҩҲһ綨õģѻʲô𣿡

ٻ⣬ǽԲ̫ɵˡ

ҪҩܽȡҲҪʮöҲ˵ҩ󣬳ȥʮβҩ񣬻Ҫٲǧ꣬һǧӳɢݡ

ӳɢݣЧ㻹δɢ鵤ժʱҲᱻɢ飬Ҫɹǧ꣬ȵ¶Ҳɲ

ֲʦȥڣ֪ڴ˴洦ֻ˷ʱ䡭

ҩ޻ЦĿŽԲԲȴڿҩЦŨĳ

ûж˵ʲôֻһβҩ񣬱콣ڵĺɽ

*

콣ڵȷɽ鲼ɽȻһĻ󱣻
ɽŨŲҩݡ

Բһر㷢ǰһԵӳɢݣҶֽ֦һɢϢţϸʮӡ

ɽȷвٵӳɢݣֻҪɹǧ꣬Ȼʵ

פںɽĽڵӼԲأǰݣ֪Ҳɽҩģʱ¶ͬ飬ػأߵĽָ򽭰Բʱ壬ѣɽȥλڴ˴ǰٻȵĹء

ԲѾʱɹʶʹͷ£Խ˺ɽ

Ƭ̺󣬽ӵϢĳ˪ͳѩˣСʦŭ⣬϶Щȡ

˪Ϊ˲ٵӳɢݣɫЩףСʦã˵ôһӣ

Բһۣʦ㣬㲻Ҳʦҩˣٻȵҩ֣Χֱ˵ǣαЩˣ

ѩǻ㿴ÿҲְٻȣش۵λҲ˵ˣŶڵַҲúܽٻֻҩҪ󣬵Ҳ̫֡ѾԼý˲ɼҩݶ鵽һʱȥѧ벻һա

ʦ㣬ǲɵӳɢˣ

ʵѩͳ˪ٶ¶Σ˲һʱҲһꡣ
ˣΪӳɢɢҩЧЩˡ
ȥҲõвܹһ˵ķ

̫

Բų˪ͳѩһɽغǡѾæá

ҲɢĲ԰ףûо飬Ǳ

ԲһۣЩɻ󣬡ΪʲôֻǼڣٻȵҩ޲ҩ𣿡ǸŮ޲˵һֱɢ鵤һ¯Ҫ꣬һҪư¯ҩҩĲ٣Ϊʲôɵô죿

̾һӳɢҹʱɢ֮ŨٻƺʲôܹӦԣǰҹҩ޳ҩǼҲ̽飬չȥˣûʲô֡

ʦʦȥæµҩˣԲغһԣҽҹҲһأҪٻȵθĹ

*

ҹʱ֣콣ںɽԭӣΪʼصɴ

ɽڴӰӹƬ̵̺۵ʮҩޱл̤

лнԲռǸŮҩޡ
ǰԸľŸʦʦãҪǧӳɢݣǧݣһذݵ֦ȥɼӳɢݺݣȥ֦
ǣʦ㡣

һҩ޸ɢм鼣ʦʦǶȥ΢ɲһתȥ

콣ڵĺɽֻһÿҹɢһ˿ľ֮

֮ȡҩƣתķһĨָŽҩƾ𣬿ʼһһµǽ֮ΪŨ֦

ԲͶڲԶĶ

Ӻҩƽǽ֦ȡҩϻзźãֹ˰ʱҩҲҩϣ뿪
ǧҩݣʮҩ޲һʱȫꡣ

ԲͻءԸٽǰҩ޳֮Ҳۼһ

˶ɵټϸղһֱڻഫͨѶӺ
ϣ
⣡
Ҳ




135.  135  ¶Ƚ13   ƴһѡ

˵ɾ͸ɵ˵ֹ, ͬΪҩ޵ȥ´ժ֦Բͻֱ𵽸ɼӳɢݡ

ΪѾһΣڶδ֮߳ࡣ
ɼ, ڴ, һǾȵķ֣Χӳɢϵɢ֮֮, ڷ

ǺͽԲػϣ龫ЦĿ

ǣԭˣ֮͵ӳɢϵɢ֮Ϊ, ˳, ֲðٻֻһʱͲɹҩݣ
أҹǽȵǣ֮õòˣղ硭
ԲٺٺٵЦ, ˸֪֪

׳н

*

, éɽ, ӻش۵ʮ, л, һʮ˱·ҹǰһʱִ콣ڵĺɽ

Ǹ飬ΪǰʱһƷ׵Ĵ鵤ǰų֮

ֻһʱʮ˱ӳɢݣڰٻҩ֮ǰ˺ɽ



֪Ѿùһ, ȥû˵޸ٵĺۼЦһСŵҲˡ

Ƭ̺, ȴɫ

գԲٴκλʦ㡢ءǵ˵콣ڵĺɽɵӳɢݣյطͷȻҲںɽ

ŭȻڵǡ

Ȼҹ߲֮ˡ

˪۵װˣһһ߻ͽԲֹСʦãѵĴ鷨ӿ治Ҫǻ֪֮͵ӳɢϵɢ֮Ϊ˳أҪ˶ãǼ˾ܹҩҩˡ

û뵽ǣŭһȻµ֣

̷ָȥ˵ޣǴ飬֣浱ǰٻȲɣΪǰذ£Ȼû͸ûʸָǣ

ŭɶ˰˵

ɻ˵ĵȷûʵģû뵽⼸Ϊƽƽĵޣôͷ⡣

˿ŭ⣬q(s^t)rһǸòΪҩ´˰ɣҰٻܾҩ֮λɲǷ˷ģҩ𣿽ҹɵĵӳɢݽңҿһ˽ҩ󡣡

ԭҪɼղܹʸ񣬾Ȼ׵ľͱԲ˲øˣֱˣ˵ı

Ҫҹ׳н뵽˷ӣٻȵҩ޻ҪǧҩĽǿҩأ

һޣҹҲ뿪ˣȻǽޣҲȥӣЩӳɢݣҲƵͽ׵ɢ鵤ǻǸΪɡ

ΪȱҩŹģû뵽ǾȻͷܾԼԽŭڣתͷéɽڼ˻һˡ

أҲƷĵӳɢƳɵͽ׵ɢ鵤ҩ󣿡

Բ˳ǵ˼ͷȴϼ˸ҪڣԾʹǵļӼ

λңڿǿٻȵĴʱܴӦҩⷬûа

ԭҪԲ˵ӣһӡ

Ƕҡɼ˿

Ƭ̺󣬳˪ͳѩԼĽȡޣԸ⽻ӳɢݣ㵱Ƕҩʽޣ
ҲȡԼĽҡ

éɽںܹˣǲóҩţǽҩҲѧʲôһֱۣӦ¡

ȻǿԵģ

¿Цȴװ˰ָŽԲŭɶ漴˦뿪

Բʦ㣬лˣ¶Ƚ޵ĵգҩĴš

*

һű㼱Ҵҵȥ¥ͲҩλƵҩްŽԲˡ

Ҳ֪˸ԵɣԽԲĸûʦзԸȥƵͽ׵Ĳ鵤Ҳֻ˴˵ͽ׵һ䡣
Ȼҩ󣬾ͱ͵ҪÿҪһöͽײ鵤ܽȡǵʮöҩ֮ǰϽɡ

һöͽײ鵤õĲ಻٣պĸȫƲɡ

ȥûлȥԵĸ۲ѧϰ

ԲȴҲֻܸϽҩĿʼ

Сүүһڹʵϲͨһ;õһҩĺ󵱼

Ҳʦ˪óԸԲζҩİڿɳ˪ͻظˮвϴú㿪ʼһͶ뵤¯˳˽͡
ͽ׵Ĳ鵤ѣΪⵤ¯Ʒ³ˣԳɵۿۣʱҪϸ۲쵤¯ڸֲҺȷݺ͵ӳ֦߻ΪҺͶ벹ݣڹ̵ǰ»ƣͶöʯˡ

Ҫһöͽײ鵤ֻһԶѧĲˣԼԣȡ⼸ᣬ罫ҩɣҲȥµ񣬷ںɽҩ⣬˷ʱ䣡

ĸ˸Եͷȼ˶־ͽ׵Ĳ鵤ѣСʱŵĻض״̬

*

ٻȻˣɹҲģҩֻҪɶӦҪԵõʮҩϻƸʮҩܹʮţԽȡµ

Բһĺ츳ϵҩһ;Ҳͨˣһɵϲ£պñȳѩԲһЩ

ѩһ¯ܳɰöܳö˪ͻܳöʱĵҩѾʮö

ҩյĽʣһʱֻҪһֱƣ㹻ˡ
ջٶȣǱԽȡµˡ
ѩ˼ýԲͻȥŰ񴦿Ƚϵɸѡһ飬ԱȥЩ׼

˸ճ䣬ҩ޽

΢΢üû뵽⼸ôˣȲùǣǼζƷ׵ĵҩҲǧöҩǾҲýǵĵϸ

*

ɴϵǧ񣬴󲿷ҩдеСû
ԲһĨڡ

˱ɴӲϴ󲿷ֵĵҩȵ䣬źǵ˻ϣһո

鵤Ѿżˣٻٴ￪ʼûԴˡ˱ãʮöҩɽӵĵҩƷףͻ鵤򵥵֣Ͳ鵤һֻҪעַͻ򣬳ɵʱ㲻ܵˣ񵤺ͻ񵤣ȴǰٻƵĵлȥһǲټʶˡ

ǰǷ˾ĵҩ΢΢̾һ

¶Ѿȥգڽȶ㲻Ψٻȣַʱʵͷۡ

ǲǵֶоȵŴʱֻԴС

Բλʦӹ󣬷׷˾

սȡµĵʱҪ񵤻һԣƴһѣѲҪȵŴʱƴ




136.  136  ¶Ƚ14   еҡ

, ǽԲλʦ㣬ӻţһöͽײ鵤
ֻյĹ, Ǳǰ, ܹʮöҩ

ҹǱ㽫ַϸʾһ, ԲһΡ
ĸѩһα˵Բǵڶγ˵, ˶ǽС, ξܳɵǾϲС

Ϊյĳɹ˽ն˲, ڷֵٻ޸Ĺٵط󣬵ôַ

Ѿ·ϴ˹ʶ, ֱӽȡƷ׵ĵҩ, ö񵤡

ȡҩ, ԻöӦĵͶӦϡ
, ֻ߷ݡ

Ҳ˵߷ݲϺ꣬ҪҩأձҪ¿ʼƵͽײ鵤ֱ׬һνȡʮöҩС

ʱţȻѹ, ȴҲûԥ̿ʼֹ꣬ʱ, ѩʼ˵һơ

ڱĻϣһʥľľľһһ濾ʱҪӦĴͻ

ѩʥľǰ뵤¯ľΣڻʱȥԷ¯ڵĵҺܵӰ졣

һľ󣬵¯еҩҺıɫɵѩλҩģʯʱ¯ڵҩҺȴͻȻ㿴õ¯һը

ۡ

һɺ

һ¯ʧˡ

ѩüͷûϵľûʯŽȥ֮ըˡ

ߴλֻʣΣ׳֣ɴཫҩһ

ҩ󲿷ֶǺڻɫֻһСδüĴŲɫ

Բһȡһѿ۲
⾵ڰװ֮һ²ȡ߱Ӧްġ

һ۱㿴ƷʲҲ̽ͷȥ˶ǿȫֹ鼣ɢСײʱЩ֣ѣı᲻ŵ̫ˣҩѾʧȥԭӣ㻹ϳ

ԲָžһŻɫķӸȻϵãƵʵҲϵó㿴һţǲǺ̹ĻҺƣһţǳѪɢɫһѸ̹ɫĵңʵľʥľ

ԲͻȻסˣ̧ͷϲĿʦ㣬ʦ㣬뵽ˣԭʯ룬̹̹ȻҲϲ꣬Ӧľһַͬ룬˱ܱ֤ʥľۻ֮ѹ

˵ձٴεͷڣٴѸٵĵʯ룬ҲöӦŵڰ˲

˵ļ죬ÿһ䶼еķʸѩͳ˪˶ӹæϸڼһãЩ

ѩʼڶγԡ

û뵽һΣڽеҩĶŽȥ󣬵¯ǺúõģˣóѩֱӳһöƷ׵ı񵤣

û뵽ڶξͳˣѩɵĵҩֱԼҵСʦƺִʲôֵĴš



һչ󣬽Բˡɫ԰סĴˡ

˽ҩĵڶվͽƷ׵ҩ޶֪ɣ˶ڲЦš

ʱԾɱ⣬Բͬɫ׵ĳ̸ȥԲû°ɣʧ˲Ҫͺá

Բ˵ڣֻ֣װġ

ʱ壺
Ȼ֪ûͦõģһǻĿոоҲֵֹͬġ

ѩʦ㽫ҩʴѹֲס˷ܵĴҩˣʦãƵѣö񵤣һöͻʮöҩڲΪʮöҩͷˣ



˼ѵĿͷԽ־ڰ𣬽ԲͳѩʼԽȡߵȵ񣬻غͳ˪һЩƷͽ׵֤ҩĴ

ҹѼʽ񲹣ĸҩޡϵ˳֪ͽӵ˰˰ҩһεƷ߽

Ʒ߽׿ʼɵҪֱϵߣʧһΣѡĵҩƷ߽ѵڤ̫鵤

ڤ̫鵤ǰٻȸ߽ҩűĳϵû뵽Բĸ˾ʮܹ˰˰öҩҩ޵Ϣ

Ҳû뵽éɽںǼΪƽƽĵޣӵƷ߽ףǽȥǰٻȳϵеڤַ᳹й

ȥտʼ

*

Բĸ˻֪ԼϻŭˣһյĹ򣬼˺֮һöڤ̫鵤Ÿ߸˵Ľʴӵ˸Ϣ

ʦѾ񶷵տʼȥ߽׵һ𶷵ϵٽˡ

һ£ͽԲԴ߽ҩ޺󣬱һֱμһΰٻȵĶ

˵μӶƷҩҩ޲ܲμӡĸˣ⼸ҲƷ߽סҲֱ֪ˣ

ʮչû뵽ֱ˰һҹ˺ٶȻϣҲ̲סƿڴ

ʦѩٻʵЩˣһƷ߽׵ڤ̫鵤ŵͣǵĸ񣬻ҪȥμӶһɵʱǰٷְ٣οҪĵҩƷҪǳҩ𣿡

ʦ˪ǻ쵽ŴȣһҪһ۸ȥq(s^t)rҩ޶˲߸ҲǺÿ

أ˪㣬Ұ㣡

ԲԼԼżߴߴɵԼȴ⼸տˡҹϿΣòȥƷڿΣҲֻƬ̵Ĺ͵ˡ

ʱվߣ˵עϣֲ¶ۼеƹ⵲˵

һֺڴ˼˵ۣĿƵȶ˳ѩѩѣҵãֱȥμӶǸĿᡣ
ǲ֪ȴԱȵķéɽ˽Բ̥ԺѩҲǸ֡

ѩԼ¶ƶɫѩѣƷ׵ĳƷ߽׵ڤ̫鵤ǲǵһαˣ

ѩԲķһۣʱ嵲סûܿȥֻջĿ˵ͷˣСʦáʦ㻹лƵѵİæҲûô˳

⼸ʱȻ֣ȡŵҩҲСʦһÿоҩԣܹศɣЩԭɵĵҩ

ȻҲ֪˹ûҩܳɣȻٲ˴ҵŬ˰æҲܵͽƷ߽׵ĵҩ׵ɡѩѵȷһ;츳ҲɷһֱʱȻǰٻȵҩ޴һ

*

¶ĵʮһգٻǰտʼ˸߽׶

ʱи߽ҩ޷ڶһӰʯԼ¼ַٶȡ

ɴˮƽĸߵ͡

μӶҩޣÿʮͬһöҩʱֻһݵģҪʱɣֻܲμӵڶյĶɣܼڸ߽ҩֱһյöҩϣԽԵҩ

õҩԽȡµĸԻȡٻڵĸ߽ҩģҲǿԵһλᡣ

Բҩɻȥ˵һöҪƵĵҩ

Ʒ--ǬԪֻ굤

ⵤҩǡҹǸ˶񲹹һ֣һػɣ˽ӹҩĺ㿪ʼֹ

ֻڷּҩʱȴֵֶҩݡ

ѣæҩĵҩΣ

ҩģһͰ͵ģЩ챯ݣһֵ֦Ҷݣȴֱȳݶһ˿

ȻҲд챯ݺݣһҩȴԶһݡ



ʱ˿̣ӰʯһߣڽĿŽԲˡ

ҵҪǵı£ܲܽⵤ




137.  137  ¶Ƚ15   ˡ

ǰǬԪֻ굤ĵ, 챯ݺֻҪһ꣬ɻȴֱ꣬ôǶġ

˴ǰٻȿӹξ, ˶Ѿ˲ټԡ

ѩ굤ҩ, ͽԲ˸
ԲϬȡ˸߱

£굤ҩҶķ̲ȷ, ͵챯ݺʹȴһ˿Ĳ̬ۼ

һڱֱӶ϶Ӧ챯ݺݣǱٻȹҵ, ڵ, Ҫ컯ҩԭ

ֻһΣѡ, ζҲͰˣڰһΡ

*

ĬȻʱ, ڸ͸ӰʯΧ۵һ, 벻ⲻ˵éɽھϳ컯ҩ, ϸ, ѡˣֱӲȥ
ѧٻȵַǵЩ²У۽ΣСұQˡ

ǣ

ձתߵԱߵӰʯʼ

*

һߣھϸú, ԲҲͶʦѩҪõֲ
һ챯ݺһ컯ݡ

ֻǵѩս컯ݼ¯̵۵ҩŶ룬Ӱʯвö, ѾѡֲյĶʧܣһʰöͿˡղ

һļģ˵׼һµҩĽԲҲ̲סס
ţȻǶչأǸַٶȣԼɵƷô֪ѡֲ͵̳ȥأ

ҩɫһҪԱߵʦȴЦһסԬʦ֣αżƷһ̱ը¯ڴ˴ٶһ֤ٸ˸á

ҩ޵վһԵſЦ

̺ҩ¯ȷʼĹâֻÿ͸ǽҪըʱѩͶһؽ챯ݣҩЧںϣ¯ƽ

⡭ҩɫ䣬еԬʦֱӱתȥѰ棬ʦ㣬éɽƺ컯ݽҩˣ

˵ʲôɫ䣬ⲻܣʦôζûɹǸѩڣô֪ݵסİ취ߣȥ

ȴͻȻͣ£ţëʦҲ˻ɣȥӰʯǱ߿
ǵ˵ҩҩǾٴȥˣ

ʱ˿̣ӰʯУѩͷ󺹵վڵ¯Կŵ¯ԱߣҩĶѾͶ뵤¯컯ȻҲȫ˵¯ڡ

ԲͻظƵ𣬳˪һԱʣµĵҩȳѩһԸ̽ҩͶ뵤¯֮С



ģŷеҩ㿪ʼӣһ˿ɫӵ¯

ǵҪɵļ󡭡״ɫĿǸ¯ϣȭͷѾԾ

ڣѩеĲ϶Ͷ˵¯¯һ
յ

أ

ȹõĵ¯ڷһƱ죬ȴǱ¯𵤵ǵ¯ӱɵڶ

̲סת˽Բڵĵ⣬һţ˳ѩ¯ӻƿ

ԭѾܹᵽĵҩ㣬˲ٴŨͬʱڰ֮УһƿֲǵǬԪ֮Ե¯𣬶һ˵¯У

һʹȻ

ҩ㣬󣬲
컯ǬԪֻ굤ȻıéɽںˣõĻ컯ݣ

ȻɫͷЦһû뵽컯ݾȻҲһöҩֻǿϧˣζҪǬԪֻ굤ǴһζҲֻͬײͬƷǿˣɡ

ʦ㡭⣿Աһʦʶȴ˻



һƬĬУѩĽҩӵ¯ȡȴδȡҩҩޡ

öҩȷǸǵǬԪֻ굤Ʒ಻ͬΪѡ컯ݣڵϣȥԭƷҩ󣬻һɫĸ⡣

ɳѩȴʮֿ϶ҩЧƷʣԱͨǬԪֻ굤һ㡣
Ȼǰٻȵĸ߽ҩޣôܻῴⵤҩ׳ûɣ

أȡһҩϻҩСķ롣

״ŭһѩ㽫ҩٻȵĹػûס۳ɰܣҩҩⵤ

ѩֹ̧ס˵ŭЦһնʦ㣬ȴ֮ɫ㱻ΪӤڵֹҲȻá
ޣܿ϶ⵤҩѾɣͬҲƷ׵ǬԪֻ굤ǶĸҩޣҲȰʱеչˣ¼Ȼʱ仹δ˳ǵĵȵȰɡ

ɫ΢䣬ѩٶЦһŶˣޣ˵ڵĳÿնڶʱѲӣûǴĻӦǳӰɣãǿóϰæ󣬿ҺʦĵҩǼ٣

㡭ȭͷٶ߬ȴѾ˻֮ɫ

лϵȷ˵ջӣⵤҩҲéɽǲ˸ҩţֽ¾Ͳˡ

ǿװṳ̆˵ʱһһĹȥԤлȴδ֡

䵤ͬϤҩ㡣

һֶˡ

ѾصӰʯڵķУлϹȻûг֣ǰéɽǿӰʯһöµȥһķԸ󣬡Ԭʦ֣ëʦܣҪͷǶȥһˣ˸ˡ

ԬʦֺëʦܶһۣԴ˲֮ͬɫ״q(s^t)rһëʦܣѲҲéɽ͵ѧҩλҩѹڽ𣿱Լݣ

ëʦɫһӦʦģһ°ã

ֻص˽Բ˵ĵУȻռȶĹ򣬽Բ˵ҩ
ΪƷ಻ͬ޷ⵤֻǷϵ

ѩڣԲȫӡ

ʧܣǽվͲõκҩˣøһǧöҩѡ

ҲˣǺܿҪȻصˡ

ĸ˱ɨҩʱɫδ磬Բ̾һֻԼŲЩ
ʦ㣬ʦ㣬ҺòģΪʲô컯ҩ˵ҩٻȾͲˣո˵λлϣҲûٻ£Щָ¹ΪǷǲֵ𣿡

⻰һٿһ
ۼֿʱֻȥ

һݣѶҩ޴Զݽͣ˼ǰ˭ô󣬸ҩٻȣǲ𣿡

ҩ޾éһƽмƣ˪仹׹˸ϵƣ̲µλӦþǳٵİٻлϡ

СĿˣϵĹҲ࣬ƳлϺתҪߣ߰ɣټİٻȣҩɲɶ治Ҳ˷ʱٽˡʦ˵⼸ЩѰȥȥ

˸ҪתлϾٴ쳤һţסվסǾμéɽںڰɣôûش۵ѾͷһֱμӰٻȵĶ𣿡

ûһ䣬ǰٻȰҩĵһţͲֱ˵ش۲ˣα̬

лϷ׵ĺһҪȴȻһžâ
[лϣУ컯ݳɹǬԪֻ굤ڣ飡]

лȷ飬ʱЦԲ˶ˣһܽҩڡ



û뵽ڰٻȽʮգޣԲĸ˵ǲܵġ

ڣѾʣ¸ںûȥҲֻ˸Ƭ̱ٴС

λʦתȥڰʦ˾ѹ󣬽Բ򵥶ǰڣʦֶϡ

ͨһ£Ѿڹ֮Ҳ֪һӲս




138.  138  ¶Ƚ16   ŲҰ

Բϵڵʱ, չ硣

ΪѾ˽ʱ䣬ΪԼᱻѣٻȶԴشǰ㱻, ȴ, ǰƵޱһϲӭ
Ʊߣéɽڵĵޣǽޣλǡ޵飿ȹ, 
ޣڵ, û뵽һȾ͵ʮ, ҽɣڵʦҲڸڽء

⻹ʱŽԲôãͷһαд, ˶һ۶Щ졣

ڵڱͨҩڰ㱻ֳһɻͨĸ, ÿһ䶼շȽױ, ﶼвٵĵǰ, ʮΧָ, ȽڽŹĶǵӣ£һӽնûУֻŨŨѧϰΧ

һн׵ĸͷ໭ֱԲ·λ޵ߣʦֶԼ޷԰Ρ
Ǭλ, λأ߰򣬿Ÿôڣλƽ˰
һֹ, һϵСͷŪţ䲻ʧһƵʱ类ͨζԾ֪ˣ֪ˣѾŻɣֻҪ

öʯŲ˸λã漴̾͹Ȼһɫͣоɹˣ

˶ǳ˴㳩һ̧ͷںͶĽԲߡ

񣺡
Բ

ʦ֣㲻˵˵ѣҪæѹ㡭ѣҪéɽڵĵۣԲֱҪΪڵˣ

Щ˼ĺЦͬһ޾ʱվԲҾ
λǽѰɣڵĴʦ棬ʵ뽭³⣬벻Ҫﶫѣĳˡ

̬棬ͶٲȻһӴҷ緶Բû뵽ԼĴڣȴܵ˸еĴ

һΧ󳡾ͻȻ

Լеڣ¶͸⸱𣿼ǰҲֻ˵

ѹÿһŴȣڶʤֻڣһÿζܽѹڽ²÷

ΧĳͷͻȻɢˡ

ԲȻһЦ޵ѼȻǫ¾Ͳᣬҽ˵ʦ֣ʵҲԼμӹڵ¶żڸеȽ׻֣ҲиԵùأ

ȻЦţҡͷѽɣѾһֵĶ󣬸պÿʼڶֵŵӶڸ۷ùأֻҪȤ棬Ϳǰƽɻ߾뷨ʱóʹһ֣߲ܡ

˵ڶЩ飬ʵ뷨뽭ΪҽоһЩɻܲý⣬ĽҲһ󡣡

ĵĲһ䣬СʦãɱС棬֣棬ΪͬСɣȼλǰҲŽǶ֮ӣлд裬Ȼջ񲻷ƣܱڰٻ۸Ҫǿö಻ǣ

Բǣʦ˸Ĵָʦһ壬ʦþͶлʦ

һһŽ׵󷨸䣬ڶ¥ȴȫͨһð㣬ö˸ߵ

ǰȻ˵ʮλޣڵʲô

ΧŽԲж̲³˽Բݣվ
ʦ֣λǲǾǽѣ

Ҳע׷׷ʡ
Žһ֮ڷҰӰӰϰٵϧҵûȥʶźԼҲˣ
ѣһ󣬿ǧҪ̫˽ǿɶҪһأ
ɵ˰ɣʦ㶼粻ǰĴ˽ѣ
һƣûһ˺ôһͬЦ

ԲԼɫһɣҲһЦ
ЩСС֣ԱȴǧڣҲʵŪҲϣܲߴͽ̣һͬһ硣

벻ѻǺʹ
Ҳ֪˭ҴѼǮۿҾ˵ԣǣ

Բ
ЦеĲ͡

˶кˣҲ˷ʱ䣬ֱߵװǰȻҶѾ׼ˣͿʼɡ

ӽȡһķ̣ϵʯλλҽо󷨣Ϊ󣬴󣬶˹λƿͣɽˣ֮꣬٣һ⣬޷Բһ߶ἫǽҰæ֮һ

ʦ֣Թ˹λû
󷨼Ȼ󣬰˹λôܷž󣿵ֱһʯۡ

˹ΪǬģеλʱ֮ҵÿڴ˴Щ仯λλλλڽᣬһķλۣ˱ٶŲۣܽ޺ۼ롭

ⷨãȻ͸㼤Լķ̣˵һԸȥˡ

һĵ޼״ʲõǰλãλҲһɻָ̡

գԲֵķΧн

Ȼö࣬٣ɰټܻ˶Щͬ
Դǰ֪θĽ˫󷨣µ뷨һص㿪ʼͣؿ̷ʯ

ֱҹʱ֣ʱǿаϣԺﻹǻ֡
ʱǰһĴţӦþɣһգéɽҲôӣڷϣ۵ʦҪζҪЦˡ

Ŵ֮éɽڱȻҪЩӣŲȱǮʦʦȻҲǰһɢʱ򡭡

Բ˵˵⣬ԼȳŲס˯ˡ

ʱ鵭ģڰٻȺڿǼɷĵӣŨŨɱ⡣
ԲȻʢҾͰһѡϣһΣģù

*

գԲʦֶֺǺǵһȥڲμӰ

ɵʱҲ֪ǲ̫УܾڵķΧһҹ֮ͻȻˡ

е޿ɼɫֻ̣ġ
Щ޶ѾվǰˣȴͻȻ̾һ
ȻҲһ񣬿ȴҲһ֮ɫ

ȵսԲͶ£Щźĵѣԭվ͸ڵڶζˣϧҰ಻ҵȽձǰ¶ʼΪŴȱ

ԲͶһۣЩͷԣ޵ѣڵ׳ʲô⣿ܰæĵط

üɫصҡҡͷ²Ҹ߶λΪʱҲֻǻɶѣŴҲֻʣˣûбļƻʱҲҪΪá

䣬ԲͶ׹һ
ǼӼž

ٿȻü

Բͷһչž漴Ȼ󾪣ʦ֣ˣʦʱʧˣ




139.  139  ¶Ƚ17   ͽϡ

ǰ, ˪ͳѩȥں㷢˾һһֱ֧ţæ

Ϊڶ˶ͽԲйڣ˾˪ͳѩ, Ȼ㲻Ϻɫ
, ÿÿѰϾȥŪˡ

˾ͳѩ͵סɳ˪ȴǸƢ, ձһԱΪĽںƭһȥû

, ճȥǸڵҲӰ

˾ͳѩ̴, 鴫콣ڳϡ

סڵĵ˵ʵԵǰ, ڱ㿪ʼеʧ˿û
Ȼλڵݺ˪, ɸݽյ̬, ǶҲ֮ܺһˡ

ΪѾǼ, û뵽, ڡٻȡڣ콣Ҳʼŵҩȶʱʧ䲻



ŴڼȴӶĿʼʧλڳϵֹͣ¶Ƚޣݷ, ׺˵

¶ͣĲֻ̣ȴ˹ģéһƽҲֻǵ֪º̾һ, ϵͽߣһѰҳ˪䡣

ѩٽյϸ˵һ顣

ǣʦҺͶʦڵĸΪһϷֱ治ʦֱȥļޣȻǸкӽĻ굤ޱ㴳˵˾·Ǹʱ͵˶ҪǸ䷭ҡ
˾ȻӻЩȴҲ֪ôһô͵ñ˶ȻţǸӽΪߣֱӴǵ¯ʦֱڽƴ򶷣ȴбȶ̨˱ȺȥˡҽĶʰ£ǰҲյĹ˾Ͷˡ

éһƽأˣӦúڵһ⼸һʧģҲ֪ǰ֮˵ͼΪΣЩʧĵ֮޹Ѳɵںұ

żɦһͷȥ̽̽ڳϵĿڷ磬Ǽû²Ҫܣ˼źôд󼸰ٵĵӣҲ油μŴȣֻʣˣǧٳˣ

Բһͷ

éһƽų̾һҴҳš

*

ѩԻڰգңҵֱӸǳȥʦ϶Ͳ¶ô죬˪ȻƽտզզʵСĺܣ£ҿô찡

Ҳͷɬĳڹֱӿ޳ʦ㣬˵ˣҲʦίòײκ˶ϾûӾͳ£ү۰ء

ˣʦɽƽҲ̾һ漴ͻȻʲô㿴ѩʦãͳ˪Ϊ˫ӣӦЩӦɣϸ룬գʲôԤף

ѩԻȻ񣬲վ𣬡ż¯֣ǸоǳԺ֣ʮҰ¯ûþͳˣҽж׷ȥʱѾʧǸʱҷʲôоûС

ѩһʦü˶Ĭ

ڹŻЩû׵һ䣬ʦ㣬⻰ʲô˼˵ʦ㲻ⶪģǻûͶˣڵǲ˵ǻڸ⡭ˡʦǸӽĴԣڵĵ˵ѣ

ڹҲ׹ˣ

ʦʦǶȻʱ򣬽Բȴվһԣģʱ崫ʱǰ᲻ᡭɷ޸ɵģ

ʱ崹۽ԲԹ϶кһţ֪

иоǣһڰжڵӳˣ˪ʦֻǱ˵ģڸϽһ˵ü

ʱٴγһۣתͷʦڵĳģǼǱҲˣһٳ£˭𣿡

ԭ˼͵͵ȥ̽ĽԲʱ˼򣬡ҹˡ

ɽƽҲ뷨ʦѾˣģҲֻбԼΪŴ׼

ˣ黹תҲţԼѧıºʦʦ룬˸ɵš

ʦ˵˱㿪ʼѧĶʹҷ

ԲҲǿԼתͷȡéɽڿѧֲᣬгµҩʼ

*

ֱڶ䣬éһƽҵĳŷ
ֻһղĹ˾ɫ˥ܣԭɥ|׵Խ̬

ѩͽԲǰסʦôˣǱ˵ʲô𣿡

éһƽҡҡͷ˵ʲôʱŴҪӣڲֳ˼ϸǼϻͷ뽫ѹ£ȺۣдҺȻǴһܣϧûӮֻܻˡ

˵˻һִӳѩ첲ιҵڣ㣡ʦ˸첲أ



ѩȻģֻȻ߶ţʦô죿ѲɣҲҪһܡʦ𣿡

éһƽһϣ˵ʲôʦˣֺαغǶ֣q(s^t)rŴȣΣҲұǽŴȶһҲ£

ʦѩۿٺ죬̲סéһƽסԲ𣬶ңûʦ㡭ңҵĴ

éһƽ̾Žģ˫ͬ۾ʱҲȾۿ죬ȭͷéɽڼȻһɽ͵ð˸һȥˣ׼£ʦȥ϶

*

˼ȻڵﶪģȻҪȥҡ

éһƽҲǵһȥˣͽܺͻǻ޵ĴͽֱӴҪ˴콣ڵ³ϡ

ϣͽﶪˣ¶꣡éһƽܺú˵ʱ򣬸ϽŴ򿪣Ҿ׷ըƽ¥

еڸھһ콣ڵô׷ըĿéͲҪˣֲֻǶ˵ӣڸǶ˰˸ʦ֣Ƕûô޵ģһձΣ鲻𣿡

ǵӲŲʣֻμţȴܵʲôվ㲻ܲμŴȣҲҪٲһΣϽţ

éһƽֺ˼ɤӣԾûлӦ

ŭ⣬ԲŤŤͷԲϣ

Բе׷ֱӸգȻһȥǵ׷ֱֱ˶¥һ䴰

ͨ׷ȷը󣬿Ǽ׼ӳµ׷ɾͲһˡ

һֱڰϼ״̲סƿǵ׷˻ȥ

ȴ׷δڿըֻƮƮķһ졣

ۡ

ԲһЦϣһ׷ֻéɽͣǲһ飬ңϻԸӦҾҪӲˣ

忴ŸǸӰһͺܵµĽԲƮƮ˵ŻȴС汻׷ڵܾҪ¶ˡ

ȻҪۣǵҲǲԣĻ̻̣ŲˣͽϵĽҺͷٽɣ




140.  140  ¶Ƚ18   ˣéڡ

ȡ½ҲͰ, ÿ߾᰽Ļû˷󲻽޷̽, Σ޷֤
嵱Ǽ黫

éһƽŭ˷, ֮ȴķĳѩ, кһ
Ȼ˵éĳСͽһ, ˸˰ɣ

ɱ, ȴЦˣ

޽һյŴ򿪣éһƽʱ, һų׷ˡ

éһƽֱ֮ӵճ˪ĸ

Ĵ󲿷ֶѾ, ֻʣһ¯롣

߰˸Ӵ¥, ſڴ, Ȼ׼ʲô

éһƽֻڷ²̽, һ¯Ƶһ飬վ

ɫȸսʱҰ࣬Ȼһ

Цһé˵ˣڵĳ˪ʧ޹, 񰵵ǰҲаλ٣ֺﶷ

éһƽq(s^t)rһ, ϻֻģճ˪ͺӽ·ߣȴ͵סȥ·
ţéֻǽ鿴û߶ǲˣǾλɣҲ

廰һ䣬ĵӾӦǰ·סéһƽɥ׵ڱĨ죬ΪߣҲûгֱ֣ӱһת뿪

Կéɽڰʧ󣬲q(s^t)rһ߰ɣȥʣµĶéһƽǸ˦ĹƤҩЩ˭֪᲻ٴǹǿ

ҴҴ¥ӽ¯٣Ŷһ˵㡣

¥ͬǸָĸ䣬ɸȴ˺ɫķߵĩβһԷɫĸ⣬Աݻٵĺۼ߬ȭͷҲ֪˭ڰг֣ѩͺӽ°ˣܱǶй¶ȥھûз֮ˣ



ãת뿪

뿪ԭȴһ漴һһӰ֡

ǽԲʱ塣

ǰҪЩʱ䣬Ҵڻң

ԲȻ˵ԼȴһȦΧһԭתͷʼר

ʱվһ磬ĿȴڲƮһ׷źƵĸ䡣

ʱ䲻һŹ

ǰȻɱԲæͷȴʱųģʱµȽһôˣ

¡ͻȻЩ°ˡʱ彫ɱ£µĻ󣬡˳𣿡

ѹüĵͷ徹Ȼǣ󣬰һŵĸ䶼һƵһ󷨣һŵ󷨶ᱻͬʱƵʱ̫̽ˡ

ʱ䲻Ҳûʱãɡʱ尲οһ䣬ĿȴڽԲ䴦

Ƭ֮󣬽ԲѰ󷨵ͻƵ㣬ǰɫƿֻϢĹҲһһƿ

ԲŵĲУɿŽȥȴϿźȴʲôûտյ˿ǹɻδɢϤζ

ɷ

⣬ôܣԲסˣ¥ȴʱȻ漴׷
󣡿죡󣡽նҪ׽ڰολʦ֮飡
벻־Ȼ컯յĸҶ֣浱û𣿡

ˡйڸӦ

漴¥㱻ڵİΧס

ٵĴ¥±ﻹһ˿Եɷζδʱ򣬾Ȼûеע⵽
ҶֻԴľŷΧǰ䡣

ϣѾʱĻ˱ȻЩʾ£
ϣʦƽؽУ°֪

һļľҪȥţȴȻһƻӳȻ򷭳ȥڵӾ㵵ıУŭһ
£лܣһ˲̽ɣ

ɫÿһ㺧Ӻÿվǰʱֱһ󷨽һŵĸȫ£סǶȥ¥ţûκ

һ޶ЩηչزǴ˴¶ĸˣ˱ֻܽͷѹ£˵¥¡

һƿ˼䣬йȻһֻʣһɷûĿĵƮţԭɷĵһͷδ¡

ͺƾʧһ㡭

ؽҧаƿ˸ڡ

ͬտյ

һ䣬Ķͬĳ̲סһķסһԸ߼ܣɫˣˣûЩޣҪŴ϶ڣҪΡסǧĻҵ

Ȼʲôĳ䣬ֱĩβڷһŵ󷨶ǴӴ˼䷿ƿԺ󣬵ʱĴһ

Բéɽڣˣ˰ȥץéɽǼɱ֣ǽԲɱʮһˣҾưոݣ

־ԣɴһƽиֱӺֽһɢɷϢɾŷɳžڣһڵӸéɽڵƷɽͷ

*

Բ֪֮󣬻һ£л̻̣ԺвոڷпΡ

һɷϢʲôڰ£ڹǸмһ޶

ɶʦΪʲôѵ˽ʦһ·ȥģڼȻҪΣյĶôöʦȥǻʲôܣܲǡ

ʦԼȥİɣ

зӣͷ֮ȴ̾ͱڷеʦʦʦΧ

Բô
Сʦãû
ʦ㵽ǲǼ䷿ʧģ

ԲǿɬһʦʦʦǽĴУֻҡҡͷ

ʦԲסǰԲûãûܲ鵽ʲôõĶʦʧ£ĺ͡޹ء

ôܣǲʲôǷ￴ʲôˣֻ˵ʦéһƽķֽԲԥ׷֮£Բȴֻҡͷ֪

ʦǷʲôûУǰĶˣȥ֮ǿյġ

ȵȣѩͻȻסԲšü˹ȥСʦãأ˵һ˲ףһֱ𣿡

Բ֪ĻŷһֱԼʱ徹֪ʲôʱʧˡ

ˣȻ񣬡òûüɣȥ
ǰ̫Զͻ˥ߣȻһֱûˣ

ԲżߵźȴȴʱͻȻŶ롣

ƷڵĴʦַһɫվˣéλѣ˵λǽյʧٵĻ֣˰λޣҪץأʦȴȥһܣߣ




141.  141  ¶Ƚ19   Բġ

éһƽȻ, ȥֲԣ, ⵽ô£ǲǳȥһ, ôͻȻҪץˣʲôɣ

ҡͷƳ۽Բ, ɿ̾ɴĵڸոգڽͻȻ˶ʮλ, 峤ڸв֮˵, ֱŴéɽڳȥֹŻᡭλȱ˵ô, λϽȥ°ɡ

ܶ㣡ȴվĽԲͻȻվһʦ, , éɽڲʱ㿪ȻҪ, ܵó֤, éɽеöˣ
ȥʱֽʱҲСģлɣҲ֤ݣ

éһƽҲͨĻͽһۣͷ, Ǵѣǵˣ˿ʵҪ۹, éɽеöˣ

ȰéһƽȴѾͽǰƷڵֻܸϽʦžٶ׷˹ȥ

*

ʱ˿̣Уһϯ׽ִۣڽȣλڵĵŭɫĵš

éһƽ߸ͽ̱̲סҪ֡

վסϣλȻƷڵؽϣذΪãʲô£۰ɣ

q(s^t)rһͷŴ˱飬ŽڽȺݺһ٣벻ھéɽͬΪһ֮ѣԨɱ||׼֣

һ±õŲҪǿˡ

éһƽû뵽Ȼ˲ҲȡԼķţ壬ƾ޾ݱҪȻˣ浱éɽڿЦд𣿡

Цһڽһתֱֱָéһƽ棬éһƽ˵ƾ޾ݣҵҪʣճ뿪֮ͽܽԲڰЩʲô¶ƲŴ󣬱ԲɵľƿбĽ룬Ҷʮλǰ;ĻӤڵӽߣ䲻òΪݵºܶɣձȻͷӰʯ

̧һӰʯŵ˵С

ôӰʯ
ԲٿȻ߬ȭͷ
ǰΧӰʯĺۼǴĶҳ֤ݣ

Сʱǰ
ʧ̫ɺϣòʲôϵɣ

Բؿڴʱ岢С
ȥĶ

ߵĳѩɫ㱣ĸ첲Բ£ʦƷڵĵڣǲôġ

Բǿɬĵ˵ͷɲ֪ΪΣͷȴʼѹ˿ʯܵĺܡ
ϰתǰڣͻȻʧ˲̫ϰߡ

ǰѾעӰʯڣų˽ճ¥ĵĳ

Բȫ̶ųԻ󣬼Ӱʯڰм¼Ҳ޺ۼ
Ͷųľĳһ̺ȴĸſڳһӰ

ӰʯķƳۣҲ֪ǿˣûŤͷߵĿ˵ʲô

ڳĵֱӾһϵãǽԲ飡
ںԱߵ˵϶ǽԲ
ԲĳԻҲһףϵȷټ

Բ

һЦֵֻƬ̣ӰʯеŴ󣬹ȻȻһһĴﵽⱻƿʱҲһƿٿ

ףٶȾڽȣָéһƽéһƽ֤ڴˣ㻹ʲô˵Ƕʮ䷿дãڳʧٵλǣԲɵĲɵȺ֣֤֤ڣɲٽƱ磡ھ͹ԹԸ߰ѣգĳҪѪߣ

ˣ

ڽȴ˵־ݺڵϣʯĵ涼Եӡ

éһƽĿ⻹ǿӰʯϣȻӰʯϵӰϢľȴһĻĻݣзѾʼԾĲȻڽм

ȷ˰ԲȥΪʲôЩĵʧˣȻŴʱͰԲйأǳ˰Բȥɾͳϴˣ

Բվéһƽ󣬿մӲͷ׵ʦʱ򻺻ͷƵģΪҪʦе

Բһ䣬壬׼һȣҳŴΣȥҲֻΪ˲Ҷʦ˪䣬Ҫ׷Ҳһˣʦ޹أ

ѩֱҪȥˣéһƽȴչ۽;סԲʦû˵ʲô˻ȥ

ʦ

ȥ

Բתأéһƽǰ벽һڵ޵ĿУֱ飬˲һǿӰʯڡ

㾹ҹȻٻ֤ݣ
ɫͻ֣ҪȥȵǰȴֻӰʯͨɫһ²éһƽʲô˼

éһƽq(s^t)rһղŵıѾȫȻתһɫ˦ڲԣûʲô˼ֻٿһӰʯڵľˡ

ãҾéɽף

Ƭ̹ӰʯٶȳʱӰŤͷ߿Իӡ

ڴʱͻȻһʦ鲻̫Ծûƣ

˵Ŀ˲۵ӰʯС

ʱһۣգֻվһԽĸǽɽ֮СĲ䣬ȴơҪ޳Ļǣǧֻ꣬һ͡

顱飡

˶ЩȻéһƽ΢˿λ뿴ȻģͽܰԲͬȴ飬ŴѵλҲƵ̫Щ𣿡

ҼҰԲȻǷҲ˵ˣŴ¶޷ƿ󷨣ͽô˲Ϣ֮ƿˣӰ顢󷨣ԣ˭֪ǲǼԵڿˮǵļ󣿡

κתƽضǸ˾

Щŵٶȴ߶Ӱʯֿ˱еľǸ޲Ȼûơԣ
թͻȻװһԲ飬Ͳ飬ǻޣķҲδùôһȦ㾹ҿң

һܻļڽȳԲһ˳˹ȥȴڴʱԵȻһɫԸٶǰǱڽͣ

ƷԨϣƷڵĵ̣ɲˣ˿

Ҳ֮ȴһģ󻹸űڵλϡ

ݶѾҧĿ֨죬ؼӰʯ֤éɽһ׵֤ݣίٷŭҲʱѡ

ŤͷéһƽļͽܣĿڽԲٿס
Բأ




142.  142  ¶Ƚ20   

ڵĳ϶Ѿվ, Է׷׿˽Բ

ȷûӰӡ

飬ʬɽһֱߣԶδʧ, ˿ֹؼʱ򲻼Ӱ, ѱ˶롣

Բµٶ߬˶Լ, Ҳʮ̹Ȼճ䣬ҺʦҪʱ, ˵Ҫжǵķͽ, ұ㽫ˡ鲻̫ãһ뷨ڣٴ͵øϰ, ˭֪ʱ򣬱ϵһҡ

ԨҲվ, Բ鲻ٻ, ҵ֪, λ, ¶ʱӦҲɣ

⵹ǡ

ҶԲ飬Ҳ˵֮Դ飬ΪٻףΪѰʦ㽫𣬷Ǵ󹫴, ֵÿ϶

ûôúŪһƱӳһֱֱ򽭰ԲǴ絽, ֻ޴ĽԲһȴʼնδе

飬޷ٻܵƷ磬Ҳᷢ
һԣԲû˵

ȴԾɲŹǰ飬ȴڱһΧ۵ڳϳס

ϣˣ侲Щɡڵκҡͷ̾Ϣ֤ݲΪ֤Բʱ޷ٳǸ֤һɡ

콣ڵ쳤Ҳ˵ͷκ˵ǣ˱ҪµģǼȻڣǾ³̱ǡŴڼ򲻿ʱΪ˺

ȷŴֻʣգڱˣҲõȽԲٳ֤ԼǸʱѾ˴ʱ䡣

Ȼĵ˽Բéɽһۣվס
κϺ쳤϶˵ˣĳһķӣʮպ󣬽Բⷨٻ۴ڴ֮ǰⷨȻǹؼ֤㲻ˣ

ϻӺ󣬸Եͷ⵹ǿԣǽվ͹֤ͬѵķʮպܽٳϴɣǵʧһ£㵱éɽ޹أڸò黹ǵüȥ

鵽Ҳ˶ۡ

éһƽҲѾõˣͽԲ飬ԲⷨԣɣҲһʱ䡣أ

ԲҲֻܴӦ

һȷԽԽ֣ɴųǶڣֱ¶ʽ

շظڣΪպŴ׼

*

ȵ޳ɢȥéһƽ߸ͽܻסվķסҡ
Թ԰Ӷˣڼֳ׽ˣպŴȣеİඡ

ʦʱҵӰʯٵ֤ݣҲˣ԰ɣԲλҪ㰡ùɾֻϧһ󡭡

ԲԲéһƽͣЪ˵꣬ȴֽԲһ㱣ڻ

ɫӸղűЩ԰ףҲڲ䱻ԼʶãͰ͵ģéһƽٿ񣬡ʦң

éһƽ̾һûˣܾó˪ʧ²򵥣һʱ̻˽ŴڼҲϹˣƷ£ͷ޶ùϵѾ˵ˣںǲԸ֮ǰµĻԼҲ䣬ȥ̽̽Ϣ˳㿴ܲܶѡȻŴϹ⿿ΪҪùˣ

ʦɽƽʱͻȻӻ̽ͷʵһǼ˶δ˵ֻųɹٺ͡

éһƽҴҵĽŲһͣüֳɫǼɽ£ôô࣡Ͻʲôʦˣ˰ԲǸţǸС⣬ǻʲô



ɽƽԻͷʦʦãǶͷéһƽΧһķ

һʰͣźʦʦһĿʦ£ǧҪѡ

ûéһƽӦĩβһϱ㿪ʼ֡
ʦʦǼ״Ҳõת졣

Ƭ̺ðĢðߵ׹Ķ֡



éһƽ˦˦ͷ뽫ǰĻ˦˦˦ȴֻ˦ǰߵ׹ȥʼնûʧ
֮ӶȡʼΧųԴԴϵȵ߸ͽɫȹųһ˵ϡ

СӣʲôʱˣŸң֪֪ٴζķӣֺαȥɱֻ㹻ܱ⼸

뵽éһƽپᣬͻȻͲܿƵĴл
벻éһƽ˴뱲ӣȻܼ˳ˣéɽˡ

ʱ󣬽ԲѣȻͿǰ󶼽ʪéһƽǰŬգź׵۾ǻ

ʦһԲȻڣȴÿһζ󶼸

éһƽοѣððԲûǴ°ȻˣǾͺʦúý򵽵ô£

ԲéһƽɫͻɫŴӽȡһ

ǡéɽڿѧֲᡷ

ʦ缸µʱҾżȻ֣򲢷ǿֻҪʩ̣죬һν״̬һҪμŴȣʦʦҲǹ˾ŬֻǰҪȥޣұŴǰúöգڽս¸֪ʦ

éһƽ˫ֽӹԲϸϸܵĽżÿһϸ¼ڲᣬٴκۿ
ԲʦûãЩ꾹ǵˡʦԲǡ

Բҡҡͷʦûеǡ˵ľҲֻżȻֶѣҲŵĲ֮أȵŴȺ͵ʽɣյˣʱ㽫£ΪǵֶΣɺã

éһƽüëһôУıֱӲУŵӶܳԶٱʳˣȻѾǽǻɣһȥʦ£»ôӳ飬ˡ

éһƽ˵ձҴ뿪

λͬŻڶ򣬼Χʦߺ󽥽ԲȡһɫлڿУֻ˲ĹڱٴγŨ

ٴν̾һӲȡ¡

ֱʱģ

ǰȥĶˣ

ΪˣȴĺܣӰʯǰ
֪Ӱʯ¼ΪʲôҪֳΣ⽫ƴӲȥ

ƫƫЩĵûþʧѵЩйϵ
ǰЩʲô£ΪʲôÿնһȴԽԽ˵˼

Բ̾һǽ

*

Уڵĳ뿪콣ںһã͸Ե¶һ¡

彫ԲķлȡʱΪһ˵ĿͻȻס




143.  143  Ŵ1   Ŵ


վ, елһ˵ע⣬ʱ
³ϣϵôлǽԲżȻ, ﻹһ, ʮλ䲻Ĺؼ֤ݣǰ, ǵʧһ±ˣ

Է׷¶עĿĩϯ³ɷ硣

³ɷȴ弤رҡҡͷˡĳ׾ֻǾ, , ˶ѡ

ʧĴ

ɶĸȴӺ󣬽˸˴˲ܶ

ǰ³ɷͻȻſѰöûҵĳ, ˵ԼͬίεĴ
ͬˣôʱίθ

ɺǰͽͬѶ, ų, ֻ
¹֮ͬǰµǸп֮, ͹ഫĳϢϢ, Թ󣬱ֻ³ɷͻȻ֣ȴԵĻ֡

ҲΪ³ɷ˳Ƶģû뵽ȴֻ֮֮ȫȻκ, 

սʱ㡣

ڵĹңվлȴڸմ֮ܿУʮպ, ٴɡڽжʮλʧ٣Σ

ǧĵǧ٣ɫЩĪܹλӣ֮
ٻͼԳƳһۣЩ֮ɫĵն˰λӺǰֶλѾʮλˡ
콣ɫδ䡣

񶼻δʵĴ㻹վһ䣬ʮʧˡ

ڽȣ̧ͷ֪ϱȻſϷɫ

ңһҲ䲻ЩӵʯδӦǣٹվŴȣҵ˼ͷֱ˲̽࣬ýеŴҲܵѾռȶվٿΣ

üɫһᣬλŵӶʧ˵£Ƚۣе޹ʧֵΣ

Ҳһ䣬ǰλڣڹӾʧʮλβܣһŴȣı

˶ڷԣǵĻȴδöݡ

ʱһֱ³ɷЦһλҵи⡣

ȡһ͹ӵĺɫƣϼ⣬ڿһ׹⣬б漴ֻķ

󣬷ͣһ澵ϡ

쾵ң¶Ȼ֮ɫϳǹǳõĽӷ쾵

쾵ǬһأŵǸձӿɷǶ쾵ڡ

³ɷ磬Ѳͬйϵʲôˣô֪쾵Ĵڣ

һʱ֮䣬ϼ˷׷ɫ䡣

³ɷ̩ȻֻڼаΣ֮ӣ罫ȵصֱӸĵ쾵УҲپڹµǧ֮أλҲܰմǰĴȼƻСλŵӵİΣҲϣνȫ֮ߡλأ

ԭºҪеŴȣʵҪڶǧﴦҮؾнУǴعﲩ鱦ڶ࣬ǿԸӳʱҲܸƽЩɵʱͬͻȻҪǰʱ䣬ص㶨ڱɽϣͷͲãô˾õͷ콣ռ˴ˡ

ǵ쾵ôûŲĹǣˣҲȷ֮ܰǰļƻ׼˰ȥ

ǧ͹ңһۣѾ֮ͬɫ

ǧ쾵ǬԳһأȻòѡ񣬿³УǵӶ쾵ǵҪ³һ˾³ܽʱҲһ쾵û

ңҲЦһҵ³Ըó쾵ƿ֮Ȩ˹ͬƳ֣õ쾵дȣҲû

쾵ԹǵҪԲԶǧ͹ң˼Ҫô

³ɷɫɵȻԾû˿ݣλɷ壬쾵ڹ˵ʵҲһ淨ӰˣҪƿȨҾֱӽ׳ǡ˿У

ǧ͹ңɫһûϵ³ɷ羹˴󷽡Ҫ쾵˵׳׳

˻δ飬ٻȵͼ㸧ƴЦ³ϵʹˣˣĳҲͬ¡

ʱͬ⣬µȻֻܸ顣

պ󣬵ڵڻһڸţԼʤţ۵ɽɽ㳡󣬿ıһֱƣҪǵ׵쾵

쾵вٵ޶ţ˺ţȻҲͲ³ŴҪ쾵ھˡ

һУ˲ŵļƻ

ԭΪıؾڱɽΧɽؾнУһڸ쾵Ϊɫ̩Ȼ֪ܲԼһ

ϧ߶ˣвãҲûԽԼڵȥ

ŴȾֵֹķΧĻ

*

쾵ڱ仯ǧǬȻҲھڱɽĵΣȱ㻹ģԲϻļƷְ취вŴӸߵУҩڵ

ڴ֮⣬ڻѡһеķʯҩΪŵĴμŴȵţõ֮һòϵҲһôڵ֮λͻһ

ֻ˵һûǸžֻ

˵ʱЩƣֻǽɱ˶ᱦƷ֡

ڽܹ󣬸ű㿪ʼ쾵ڡ
Ϊ˴ζһĵֻ쾵еĲϣԵڽ쾵ǰôκνңֻܴŸԵķ

éɽԲˣΪǵһβμŴȣڸûҪȼŶ쾵ܽȥ

һʹһڶڲͷͽԲվһ
ͽԲ۰Ͱ͵Ŀǰһһĵ쾵ĴţЩ𺳵ˡ

ѣԭŲʵСţҪ쾵ʱҲмʮޣżҲ߸ˣ桭

ԲΪȻĵͷǺܿÿ߸Ҳˣʦ˵ˣбҪΣϾ쾵ˣ뿸һԺö˶˵ĳǲҪġ

Է׷ͬͷ

ѩʱ̾һҲ֪ôˣǾĻţоҪʲôһ

ԲЦЦʦ㣬ڲ˵ǶЩʯö˶˵ضʦҲûд󰭣ζʧĵӶҪμŴȵģܾã𰸾쾵Ǳߴ߲ɡ

඼ͷڵȵ޶ߵòˣԲ˲źʦȺ쾵ڡ

˺һָ꣬һˣ߶Զأ




144.  144  Ŵ2   һֻľ

һڵȫ쾵, ֱͨ춥ĹӰӱ㱻ڡڡٻȺƷĸ֣ٿ˰ƴСӸ˴Ͽա

еӽ׼õöӰʯȡΧס쾵ڳһȦ, Ƭ̺, ӰʯӰһĸű׷׳˸ԶӦӰʯ

еӼ״̶ʯ, ʼﾵеͬ

éɽֻиéһƽɽƽûȥȻҲ䵽Ƕϡ

ֻɽƽմӻѳеü, һ, ˭˲۰ʱ򽫻޴

޵һֱɽƽ֮ʹʱֱ̱ŭĿصɹȥ, ɱ֣жɺ졣

éһƽ״һ˦, ڻ, ɽƽȻ˻, ĿǸֻǸŵĵ, ΣҴͽмӣǴӻޣҲΪ˰أһڣҲָǰ˭ŵĵӣû̺þͳҷˣ

ǹǵӲľŭ, Ҫ߼ʦΪûéһƽĻӤڸߣǵҪˡ

Զпֵĵ޼״һλ, 㻹֪éɽڵ°ɣǻ޵ȷéɽڵĴӣֻǰΪޱŰתΪ˻ޣ˼ңǻǲҪϽˣֻܿøԵűˡ

ǵЦһéһƽ´һ飬q(s^t)rһתͷֹ
ֲͽһɽͱ۸ˣʦûУq(s^t)rùһΣڶѾ쾵һԲ治ʲôˡ

*

磡

ʱ˿̣λʦڴּĽԲͻȻĴ˸硣

ѩ˾ǰֱ·һĩβ״ֵһ
Сʦ㣬ӹͻȻôãӸղŽ쾵ɫͱúúܶ˰

ظԱߣҲԲۡ
ѣû䰡ֻɫЩɣֵģЩҲΪȣְɣ

ŤͷԣٿȻ쿴ǱǲǾҲ٣ܼʮֵĹأ

˽쾵ǰɷ˼׵ĵͼͱ¼⾣Ǳ¼ϵһֵͽҩġ

簫С֦ȴֻʮƬ̵ҶӣҶϣҶ£ڼһǾ

û뵽ûþҩģҶǾһȡԵķ׼ȥꡣ

ֻû뵽ǣһԵͽ׵ĹȻҲа޻ţس죬յǴӺ֦ǰʹ벻˴Ȼڳһֻĵޡ

צӲȴܼһ»ӳڿ¼ӰƷ磡

رһˣ߶е̣ٴ˹޵һűС

ߴߴߴϴȴöֻܷһáĽ

Բѹޣ״ЦһƵѣ벻쾵ڲŨСҲʮ㡣

Ծ˰㣬ֳԲڻһצӡ

ֻƬ̹ļѾϵľժϡ

ſ澡͵ؾ͵һɥʧ˶־

СģûغͽԲЩΣѩ״ЦɴཫԼժµֻȡǰ˻Ρ
ҲǴģӸ

ߴߴߴһĴԾҡͷ۾ֱֱűྣĻء

ؼ״üһɣУЩҪŵģֻܸһٶˣ

ߴٴҡҡ׹ȴû˵

Ŀžٴγ

*

쾵ڣ滨ݷʢԶ࣬Ȼһ˾ָֻֻܼʮֵĹӵŵļƷȻ̫ˡ

쾵Уевеĵͼ㣬ǴͽĵӦλھֵΧ

뱦ɽĹв£ֶŲԳʷ״Χɢ
ԽֲϵݺƷԽãҪúñһֻ˳룬Ǹеı㶼١

߸ѾһιȻҲᱻ⾣ŵ롣

ֻ׹ĽԲȴܾʲôĶԼԼβ档

ûԤ

ɴһ˸񣬶˷׷ʩչٲʧּ䡣

Ƭ̺һë׻̽ŸԴСһ¶
ȻǸղžϵ

ԲһԾУӵ𣬡ǶĿţǿҪȥģûԵľˣ

޵СȣǶŻһߴߴߴĿС

ؽ˽ĶȫǱߣô°ǵҪҽйӶ𣿡

ͣߴһ
˵ǣ

༸ˣ

ػģΪһޣȻҲǽɱٶᱦ׷ͣ浱ҲҶǲǣ

ߴߴżٴεȣ϶ͣɴ۾æβ˹ȥ
ߴߴ
ߴ

ԲЩˣƵѣһʲôŻ׷ܵ»þ㻻

޵۾¶һ˿ϲ⣬ӳԲȥ
ߴ

ʲô˾ʲôûð

ϸ˷ڴӼ·һƬɫҶӣ

ҶһץУ޾ٶȼصҪľ

ⶫֲǵĿرֹǰС

ûҶӣɼɿ˼򣬶ٴδβʣµĸӣһ𳯻˹ȥ
ߴߴ

ǶҪ˼

زŲҪq(s^t)rһ˵㣡ҶҲǹõ˻壬ǻҪ·ٸ˰

ߴԴһöβذ˰Ҷӣּ䲻ˡ

ûоãЩ̫Ծ۲õĳѩһ

һͽԲýԵͷҸղž˵ˣǸζ治ССʦȻ治ɫľͽ
˵ջԲ˸Ĵָ

Բ
Ҳڻعζˣʦܣʲô˼ʲôζûŵ

ѩʱһ䣬ҲûŵζȴǸβͣ

⻰һ߸˸Զӡ

ûаֻһβͣ۾һֻŵġ

ˣԲڽһ⾣֣ȻȫǻֲҸϽϢǸҪҶ𣬹ǶǿּϢĹؼߣȥҶȥ



ޱűĺҶӣһ·ı˾ԣĹ̾
ǼޣϹȻѰĻҹժˣոϽβŵļҹϡ
̵Ĵ֦ͷժһĺɫҧһڡ

ҵˣȴϤͻȻ

ǽԲͻأ

һڹӿںȻ󾪡

ߴ
˵
ôˣ
ᣡ




145.  145  Ŵ3   ҩ

޾һתͶ˼˫ƵĿ, Ĺӵʱҧȥİһڵء

´ĽԲȴûס󣬶ֱӾͳľһץһƬҶժ, ŭĽк, ߸˵Ŀ붢

ѩֻ䣬һֻβ, ûɣ

Բͻؼͷû

ߴɪһ, Ҳ׹߸֪Լþ, ȻˣҶҲˣǻϽ, ȥѰһµģ

ת䣬ŤͷͷɿҪ, ȴۼֿĽԲһԾ˹, ٴ, ˣ龫, ԭһ֪˻þ˵Ҷôã

üһԲɴཫľҶ˹˵˵

ߴߴߴһƬҶҲûˣڼ, ŬƬҶӣԭ۾ֻº㿪ʼãٿ򽭰ԲʱѾ˿־֮ɫ

ҶҪʱ̴߲Ź, ǲ֪ж೤ʵЧѰЩҩõˡѩ״üģһƬҶصһŰɣ֪Ҷþ˵а

߸˸Եͷ㿪ʼΧѰҩ

󱻽ԲŲӣ޿ĶѩԼԽɥ

Ҳ֪ԼڽԲ·ֲʱʾȥɡ

ЩǳĲҩЩǺ;Ҷһֲ꣬Ƭ̺ռ߰õҩݡ

ѩȡ¯ҩƵĲҩӽȥƳ˵ҩ¯ȴԲֱһŻҹˡ
ʦ㣬Щҵɣһõĵĵطأ

ѩĽӹҹŤͷͬţȥѰһЩֲ꣬õڶЩҵԱʱ֮衣

Է׷׻ȻͷٴΧ˹ȥ

*

һֱӰʯΧ۵éһƽͷ
⼸ɵ㶵ģ֪ʲôз֮ˡ

˳һȦٶԼǿӰʯǰ

ȴһµӰ뿪רλϣڿͷ߸ˡ

ɫϡéһƽͷû𰸣һװŮ޾ʹһԹҾ
λéɽڵéһƽɣҼҹ͹ڽ飬ͼҸк

أڵģéһƽڶϺˡ

ǡûҲһȵתͷӣһ䡣
û
éһƽ㻹ţ

һЩ죬ǾȻʶ

ϻȴéһƽͷһ˦죡ʶ



аɣ˿ЩڣͽܶһˣٴҲ÷½ٻˡ

éһƽ뿪֮˻Աߣһ䣬벻϶ʧô꣬ȥȢˣǸػ㲻㵱ǿЩ

Ҳq(s^t)rһ벻éôЩ껹§éɽڲ֣⼸ͽյĻУգҲ㲻ˡ

䰵иߵ͡

Ц⣬éһƽҲ˱裬é롣ҸղżȥŴһȦˣ

ҲŤͷӴЩȻŸտʼҲ̫Ĳֻڵı¼ȫЩѾɱжˣڸպúͰԲһ𱻷ֵ˾֡һӤкڵšԲͣΧʱǲõŻ

éһƽĻ˵ӰʯоͻȻһζͺ㣬ӾʮޣͽԲ߸˺š

éһƽ
𣺡

*

éɽڣУдڳʮΪ֮̾ϳ˶Էݡ

ԲǺʦֶһۣҲг˶Էݡ
ţôܵ쾵ǰûô

Ϊ׵¶ȻǶڳ鶯ΪûǰǾͲڱȨԤ֧ûʸЭǲ֪ɣǰŽˣŵҲˣϣһΣéɽڱȻҪԲ˶ߣ

û뵽תһȦǸٱˣ棬Բŭģʦʦ㣬Ǹ֮ǰʬɽ۸ҺʦֵˣվòаŵĵޣҲǼԣ

ѩԻ˸ҲڽԲһȡ˷

ĺڸһѵǰΪӹЭӦ˶ԷˣҲܻȡԷĵǶʮ˸ϵΧΪժȡòҩڵĵǰ޵Χɵ󲻵̫ʱ䡭

ͬŴ˸˵źţq(s^t)rһԲҲˣ´ټҾԲŹǣ

һŶʮͬѸʧ˾ּ䣬ԭѾս׼ˣ޽ŵĨͰܵķɿ죬Щסˡ

ع˾ƳһЩ΢ͬĵޣһ䣬СģǶﻹڵޣ˵߲ԶǾҪˣ

ȻԲѾڵĵŰΣéɽֻˣԷȴ˰ޣϾ˿ûơ

˾Ѻ󣬴Ҿ͸Ծδ£ɴŰųķ򣬴һٴ̽

*

ĴǴż̵Ļľּ֪ȫǻ־壬Բ߸˽еٶܵ˴Ӱ죬޷˳ãֻಽǰ

˼仹òϵĲժΧҩģ˳һЩ»õĹӣٶȾ͸ˡ

ȻٶҵõҲ١

Բһǰ·һԤһ˱ۿ·ڼ˾ڹһһҳȥ̽ժҩٽʦѩѸɵҩغͶԷӡỵ̂Աʱ֮衣

߸˺ԽԽ˳Իż˴˵ѹ

󱻽ԲڼͷȹĲֻ޴룬ڷֽԲֻʶҩıҲߴߴߴĿʼ

ᵽʵĲҩζͻŤĳһʱӣСУ󽭰Բ͸·ȥ˾ڹȥҩ

߸֣һڽɵƷҩҩ޺űбģʾ⽭Բߡ

еıȴǰҪȴޱСԲѰ˼ֱͣ£˸ƣұ׷Σ󶼾ر͡

Ƭּ̺һʶ˴ֺǰڳ

ǸղźǴİһеޡ
Ƕʮ˴Ӷ۵вÿ˵ĶȻʧʱ׼˲ٲϡ

󣬱ٴδ˳ȥǡǸղָķλ



ǣ̫ˡ

Բͬż˶һۣǲ֪ǰʲô

ߴգ޹Ĵ۾졣

Բq(s^t)rһʦȡéɽڵǷݱ¼ŵǰʼ
СвҩǺҪģܸңǰһ֣ǲժɹԺҾͿһ֣ڷѣΣ

Ľ۾ವĵɴ󣬶˽ԲеĲӡ

ϵȻǲʶģɸϵͼȴʯӡɣڲԵû֡

ڳѩĳһҳڽ
ߴߴ

˼״׷Χ˹

ͼϻһ̿ͨľƤΪɫʯߴӣֲͷβͼУӰһذɫı۳

ϻ٣

ǱΪľƷֲһɶһ




146.  146  Ŵ4   ֵܣڰ

е޿, 쾵ϵֲƷԽߣԽϡ, ȻҲֻܵ֪ܵһ

񽭰Բ˴, ҲΧôͻоϻľƷֲ֣

Ӳ, Ѳǰһϻ٣
˵бҪȥڻһᣬô

Բǿӵĳѩʦ, ʦ, 롭

ѩ԰һۣԲָͷѾ¿̳һ׳Իϣ˳, Բȥǰ浽ǲǾϻ, ô

Լʦ, һһ׼

Բٺٵͷ, ʦ, гԻ경Աȫû⣬ּҲûʲôΣգʱȥԣȵƹԱ˲Ͼˡ

ȷˡ
ѩ, ҾأСʦ⻰϶һȥվʹ, ұţҲһЩ

ᵽǹԽԽŨЩżİ˰ǽԲӣߴߴߴ
ٲȥûʣ

⡰ߴߴĴߴôҶ˾ģڵͷ

ָ򣬡ԲСģ˴δȣۣ򲻿£вԾ͸Ͻȥڻ¾׷ǣɼסˣ

Բŵͷɿʧּ䡣

*

ֵһ·ߵͣԲһ·ǱУܿһƬ¶ϣ˰ͻսһŵǡ

ϻϲʯ֮ϣҲܶ¾һͷŽ׻Դ԰ػ

˴ȷһϻ١

ֻǹµ·ֻһЩڵĵֽ¶˸ʱг֣ȻЩʵ

ڽԲЩȥδʱȴ˻צӣĸԲָָһķ

·ǴҶݣѾ׳ޱȵľ١

Բ״΢΢üɺܿ뵽ߴʮݵľٺ;ϻһҲϲʯѲɡ

Щϲĵǲǻһͨ±ڵİ

̼Ŀͷ

ԲתǴ˹ȥ

*

±ڶϣڵӻڿսֻϻٰĻԡ

Ž׵ĻԣȻֻ൱ڻӤڵʵҰܹľдԵо鱾ͲףټϲܻĸţսӳҪڵ޷˵ãΪҲϣ»û

ۼĻٴ˦βɨɽӾٽָӳһԵ˦βͣڵߺȣ󣡡

һ£׼õ̽еķ𣬹⽫ڴĻס

ѾڽԵɽüɼ

ӻڹ³ԺΪԼӴ˲أʦλҲΪŶʧ޹⣬û뵽ﳤϾȻڱչʱˣڱ⣬ȨȴѾԳϻ֣һŴȵȨͱʽһγϣȡˡ

ɽӾٴνͳ˧˶Σվڴʦֵλá

Ȩ֣֮ȴսӣȻ˲ٻɣֵۣձ㷢һŽ׵ľϻ١
ڽһڵļƷӦǵһڵĵλҲάˣ

뵽ˣɽҲ̲סٽʦܣһӣĥɱԣҴʦȥȡϻ١

ָļʯ鵭ӦһӹɽĻʯʼĥɱԡ

ȴŲ֮ɫ

ɽͻȻ֣˴δӵĴʦ֣Ŷԡ
ٵɽһò׵ȵ˷ĻᣬȴΪﳤ˶ȹó

ϻ٣ɽӵĵλͻٴȹ̣ҪԼİ϶ˡ 
ʯѹסɽѾżɽ£žٽŭȫǰԡ
Ը翹֮ʱ޸ΪͣʱΪʷ˴

ǣһӦ

*

һߣԲǧ࣬˳С·Ѿһһ±ߡ

ϻڵǵ±·λȴ˸䣬ʱΪ飬ʾ⽭Բ±ϵһ֦١

ǿٴ±£պͣһ͹ʯͷϣʯͷ·ȻһС

ǰǲ͵ϻ٣ֻԲŷģԲЦһ˳ȥǴʯסıڶ档

ⶴڲؼǼխ޿϶ǽȥģɽԲͷߣϻû⣬ոպȥ

һһڶխĳлһʪȳζ

Ҳ֪˴ӦԵĶѨ

û뵽Ѱѣ˵޳˻ỤʳԼҲЩĵرԲϵĸſԴ
ȥ￴ҪĶϣȥժϻ٣һϣ𣿡

û뵽ܵõֻᣬֻ۾ڷ⣬ͷתͷͱűǼᵽŨζ˳ȥ

Ǳڶ

ԲתΣǰ

ϻζƸҶھֲҲӴֵǮĵطһҲֻһľϻ١

ڣ쾵ǰнӷҲû취̫࣬Բֻȡ

ԽǰƸҶζԽŨ¶ϷҲʼشľϻ֦֦Ȼݵٸ

ϻٻǽ֦صأ

Բһ֦̽û뵽֦Ȼܾ飬޷̫̽ۼ

ڵĵ޳֣ػЩ̽鷨ܿ̽塣

ֻҲû¶Ƚ޵ʱѧ˲ٳõȻûзֽڽԲ˵¶

߶ԹΪջ˸Ѱ

ɫİԲתתɸԲļͷָˡ

ףȻܵķλ

ڿиɢǰʹϤ

и⻤ԵĶѨŨϵҩҲޣɱֹؼʱˡɽԽأ˿֪ǰиԲ͵

ԭղǼǳҩݵİ

ԲǣӶȡҩڸתһ˹ȥ

һ·񱼣ѭżеζ˶Ѩ档

ϧ֮ѶԸĻûˣɾϻΧȴĭ٣˿齫һر۳֦ڣѰ϶̽ȥ

Χֱתһᣬɴſҧ

û뵽ڻͦãԼȥҧ˻ڡ

֦ԽĿҧ

ҧҧţǰ֦ͱĪĳһ˲ͻȻͱһС͵Ļģ

ߴһɽԲһؿ¶Ȼ飬̻ӳһ⽫ס

ô˵ϻںˣˣôţҪôڳ

Щſ͡

һӱҧϵ֦ʹ

Բ

ֵܣڰ

ող·Թ֦ԽԽӲ¶ٺۼȻЩҧϸ 

а취ˣ




147.  147  Ŵ5(׽)   ա


ĽŲԽԽ, Բڵϵλá

죬⼸ҧ

ҲᵽζðΣո, Ϊ˾ϻ, ǰߣ

۾һɾͷɿĶ

ǡ˸СӺܿ챻ҧ˳

ԲѾյ̳һ, ɺ̽ӽ棬Ŷȥö衣 
һҰԺץʱҧϻܲҧ, Ϳˣ

صͷ, ץһԴĶŽµĺʵ׼

, Ҳֻһˡ

ָԼȡϻ٣ҧҧ, ǲ֪ʣ١
Ҳûиõİ취, ȰѶԸڴ˵

ڶеĽŲѾԽԽ, ת֮⡣

Բڵӳһɫը, תһ֧Ӵ˹ȥ

䣡

ͻȻĺըɽһɫ󾪵׷˽ɾͷֻʣըѿ룬һؿյĲкۡ

ǡϻٵλã

Ȼ˽ȵˣɽŭӽһڵµۣ㳯Ų鼣Ķڷ˹ȥ׷µֱͨ¶, ǰлӲˣʦܣڴ˴󣡡

Ƥ, ǳӲˣ

ɽµĸ޷ɿˡ

*

ʱ˿̣ŵ޾վ֮⡣

ſҪҧҧǸŵ޵ıӰ֪Ǻá

ҧ϶Ҫҧãһҧػᷢ㽭ԲԻҲЩðա

ҪֻͺˡΧͻֵĶȥ鿴



뵽ͷֶھȻƮһڼָһ۱ϳǻ־

˵Ũȣŵ޴òҩҲԵֿ

¶˷ܵƬ̣Ȼŵ޲֪Ļ£תɳǰ˹ȥ
ʦ֣ȵȰھͰץ

Ťͷһھٴҧ֦ϡ

*

һߣԲյ˸ڶ֧Ͱá

ڶԽԽߣǰ˳ɾ¶ʱǰлɾӲˣ
򲻹¶ǼʮӤڣѵ򲻹Ӥ

Բɴԭͣ

Բϵս⣬ҲĲɻûɽӵ׷ͻȻԲǰ
ˣΣգ

Բ˲
ԭڵλãڶȻ˴ڶĺ˿

䣡
ɽüɣһѱϵʯ

ʯ֮һִۣ̽·̤˳
ǽֳ콣ڻִķ

ķһɫΧеޣ̾;سɽӿ˹ȥ
ڣ

ɽȻϵѽˣҲɫɻһ콣ڣ

˼ڰһ
ôôùŵһƷҩ/콣ڣ

꣺ڵ֮ףձھӲƴ滹һôȣ

ɽӣ콣Ȼλ֮ĩ｣޶ǽʡսɵֱ㶣ҩݱȥȻһսҲҪԪˣô

һ棬⡣

һЦԭ˴ѾȸտʼǾ͸һɡ

ɽ·ЦĵʹлǲһǸѻ˶ȴǫá
һ˿ŭĳ֪ѻҲµˡȻѶ˵ˣȻҲһ

˻󳷣ܿӶڸԳ˳ȥ

ԲǼԶľ롣
ΪԼᱻ꼰ȴû뵽˸͸˿ˣ

Ҳ̫˸ˣ

ɽͣڹսǴһžƬ̺ŽԲȥ¶˳ȥ

ʱ仹磬Բ̻תضѨڷܵĿԭʵҲѾе¶˲ϻٵϸ١

֮ģǿŨĸҶζ

ΧѾҡҡ׹ԶǸյ޻ɵĴ̻
ˣٵȥضɽɡ

ԲһӺݺݳǸյޣڵأתͷػԣʼһھϻ١

ͨû취ºۼɴƳһ˿ףͻȻϵһһԡ
ԭӲޱȻžϻٵĺʵ֦㱻̵ճԽԽĶ

еĸҶζѾŨĳ˷ɢ˳ȥԲӿٶȣڽǽؾϻ˳

ϻ뿪ٱԭӲ֦Լٶȸ֮ģҡҡ׹ĶѨ

ԭһؾϻٵľṩһ֦Դͷ

Ҫˣ

Բϻһ󷨣ץһԻηٳǰ˳ȥ

ͨ¶ĶѨȥֻܴԭ·أ

ɽԲܳȥʹ

ɽӣȻûѶõ֣
꣬콣ھҲѧ𣿡

ղѾʧں콣ڣʱ׷˹

ߴߴߴΣգ̲סг

Բ죬Ϯһһ

䣡䣡

Ҵ뿪ǰһط

ѾڶŵԤԲٴٶȣȻһ뿪λþٶȳӣ

Ի경Ȼ𣿲ԣǸҶζ

ԲӶòʯɻӡǰѾ¿ڣ

ˣڲζˡ

ʱͻȻһ䣬ˣҵҲܰæϢ콫ϻ

ˡ

Բ̽ϻ˶ɲͣ񱼣û뵽Чˣ˷򣬳ߴȥ

ǵȻȫʧ׼

ڽǰҲֻһͨԲûʱͷ˭ˣֻƴȫǰȥקסһ룬Ȼһͻأը

䣡

꣡ȻҰң
ɽӵ

㣿ʲô˼

ԲѾ˼¶ɿ˳ٶϣ·񱼣ܿɽ£ʦʦԼõλó˹ȥ

*

ڽԲߺ󣬻ɽһһҵڶڶͣ϶ŨŨŭ⡣

ڸղţһ׷ȴͻȻĽɽһ£

ۿҪ׷ˣȴ굲һңɽ˲ᣬԷǻİ֣ʵ콣ڵˣ

Ϊή֦ҡҡ׹ĻζţɽתһȦ¶ɱеⳤ
꣬ұǿ򣬿ɼȻͱˣǾͱͬˣ

ⳤ磬˲ƳӰ˷ȥס˻·ǰ·ҲԭҪ̮ıڶԽҡ

ɽq(s^t)rһδͷֱƽذ𣬴µļʦԾ¶⣡
¶ѾӵźŵڵǼ˳׷׼ˡ
ŸսɽӺͼʦڶѨǣ¶Ҳʼҡ

ϻٵ֦ǣ㣬ήƬɽӦסˣ
ҲãһǼ콣ڵĽޱȻǻȥˣûõϻ٣Ū֣Ҳ㲻

ˣɽӸߺһӣ볯ɽ±˹ȥ

ߺ󲻾ãҡεİ¾һΪ»

ɱ̯һ˵Ķڴȴʬףֻ΢ӿȻ˸ոմӴ˴뿪




148.  148  Ŵ6(׽)   Թ

̽ϻ, ЩȫˣΪԼҪˣȴʦ־ȴͻȻ, ʱߣ

ھһ·, Щɻ
ʦ֣ⷽȥʦʦǻϰ, Ѳ㻹ԵҪո̫ˣ㼰ʱ֡

ԣ߬еĳеؽ, ¶Խӿ졣
, ոµףеؽǺͼˣ

Ѿʧٽǧ꣬ЩδϣѰҡ

Ŀּ, û뵽쾵Ȼм̫ˣʦ֣ȡ߾ϻ, ӵ, Ȼڵĳɫ, һ׷, ǴҲȷˣ

ȻҲ⡣

콣ڵҪԲԶǧּ֮ʱѰؼʦĵ£ܽˣ

ٴμӿٶȡ

ɳеؽϵĹȴڴʱͻȻʧˡ

ĵԣٴμ, 㿴ǰһرƽ̨ϣ߸Ӱ

һŻɫ, ¶ʱദյĻء
éɽڣ

ͷʲôͷٿһ룬Ŀ͸ǰԶССӰϡ

Բ

ķ

*

ͷ콣ھȻ׷ˣʯ̨ϣؿΣĴʵȴڷ˴

Ҳûкö١

ķǸոջعĽԲ

ڵĺĿƽΪأƷ굤ŽһϢѹס
콣ڷǰָͻ¶ʱéɽڿɾŵ⣬׸ˡ

ʦʦ㣬취סǣһҪٰӵʱܵϢ

ԲĴ˶ӹ󣬶˼ƽϡ

ѩվȡɽƿ죬ƵѣͻѣôܵˣòҲҪʦǼ˸սɱͷĽ׻ʬװɣ

ֱʱע⵽ƵĵѪζ
΢΢ʱӣԲҲС
ողǴµӳ𣿻ǡéɽһ׼

Σնһԣ⽭Բ

գ카һ嵭ЦݣԭλոսɱһֻĽ׻ʬףˣǶҲ˴ѰĽ׻ϲܾӵĶѨܲҵϡĿʯ

Ľ׻ϲռʯҵĵǺΥ͡

ѩȻֹܻŵס㻹صǵȷˡĽ׻Ƕһʱ붴ѨӦЩ룬ǱϢȥȻҲдǾøˣɡ

ˣɾȴȻվԭأ۾ȻŽԲ

ȻǽѩĻԷˡ

˶ΪͻȻʱԵĻȴͻȻԲ˸ơ
ѣ겻żǰһ״κҾһֱѰںȶһʦҪȥѰʯ֪ѿʱ䣬Ҵһܣ

ʱ򣬺ܣ
ʲôɣ
Բüɫ΢壬ڻ۾

Բͣ´ϢҲȹ̣ĵɳһûãû֮ǰСʦǰָˡ
߸ˣһϳҲ򲻹Ǹ꣡

Сʦúͼڣٲᱻ۸ˣ

*

껰һ䣬͵תѭνǻѨ뿪ˡ
껹ԭִŵվţԲɴվ𣬡ִҪҾͷһΣֻǰǻǵ㵽ΪֹΪãΣ

̹Ȼͷ²ˣĳȻ侮ʯ֮ˣ԰ΪۣӮͣΣ

áУȫʵû귢Ϣδ͡

*

Ӧ󣬻ͺͽԲ˵һԣ׼

ϴαԲԼϮغ󣬻͸Լĳöϡʯһöףһöס
ֻҪ֣Ͳھ½Բļ꣬»ԡ

ʦѾ˵ˣһ򶷵ʱֻҪ˵ˣÿýС

ƶѸ㳤ޱȣҲգ۾ͱ˽Բ࣡

ٽŽԲеݺ˹ȥȴ϶ԷӰȴٿһһſ

ˣԲĳԻ경ҲǼֵĵطѲĻ꣡

һģɢȥ򣬾ܱԲĳԻģ£

Ȼһ뽭ԲӰͳ岽⣡

ٴὣǰںݺ˽Բϣ

ˡ



ڿȻȴеĿն
ԶΧ۵ľ첻ɵüͷ

ѵˣ
ܣ֪ڵɺϵͣڴ˵أҲǹӣ۶֤ȡ߾ϻٵģǽԲ

Ϊʲôûȴ˳ƣҲûŷʱͳеؽӦ

ƺʲôʦĲһ

*

ʱ˿̣Χ۽ԲͻһսģԶֹһˡ

콣ڵϣ콣ڵĽޣüӰʯлдĽԲͻˡ

ʦô°ɱУȴҪ㵽Ϊֹ
һǸԲ͵˾ϻ٣ֻҪ£вͬŽҩݣǽھܵһˣôػع˰

콣ڵ֮УҲӰʯл༤ˣдʡ
Ѳ컳ɽԲǼ
ܰڵգҾв̽⡭
Ϊóȥ̽

ŽԲеκϴûκκۼڽüͷ
Ѳɣˣ

һžȥԨһˡ

*

쾵УԲͻѾգ۹˼ʮС

ԭü׵ʱս֮ǿѾָ˴˵Ҫһܾˡ

ϧúһ˾Ļʦ֣ҪΪ°ܽˡ

Բת䳯΢΢һЦ㽫һֶֻƺԼǰлмĻ˹ȥ

ֱʱɫһ䣬ȻڿգӿԲΪ׼壬ȴ϶ͷȴһ䣬ȻͷȥͻȻס

Ѿͷ£Ϊᱻһӣȴͣķ䡣

ɫȻǱˣ

Ȼ˴ʦֵķԸҽԲ򶷣ʵҲʹ汾£ԼİлʮУȻˣ

д˵Բδڵޣֻѹơ

ڵĹС

ֺΧ۵˵ľ΢΢ҡҡͷ귢˸ž뿪
ʦܣϢеؽĹǼҸڸɣϻٲһʱδȣŲҪ̫ðͷΪá

ĵ飬βڸԶ˲ʵںԤ֧źҲˡ

éɽڳ˰ϵһǲ֣ҲеҪԸǡ




149.  149  Ŵ7   װ߱

û뵽һս, 콣ڵľͻ굱뿪ˡ

ԲչΪ΢

ȻǸս񣬿ʱ, ̽, ȻĿģټϾҲһ԰й۲, һڻǲǼ

ô֮ǰѰϢαװɸͨ, ûʲôֲʹ뿪

, Ҳ֪á
Բʶۣ̾˿

ڴʱ, ѩͻȻһöкңǿϵˣ

쾵֮ǰ, ˱¼׵ͼ, ÿﻹһö, ÿվͻһλǰʮš

һθº, һȻéɽڣΪһٷ֡
ڵڡڡںͰٻȣҲֻһǧֵķں



ˣһұضµǵһŽҩʱ, Ҫ˺ˣ

ųѩϵԲ˷׷һ
ŴȲſʼգéɽھͳðͷĵһ, ȥҪ˺ˣ
벻ǧıôͳ˸ɽ󣬴϶һ˿˿ɬ

ʦ˾ͻȻ̾һҪֻǹ΢ϻȻдš

żʦʦһ˲Ŀ¶Ȼʧ˲ٶ־ѩ˾ǵȷֻˣҲȷסϻ٣ʱ취ȲֻҪͻָҲתŵע

ЩΪҡͷܵһľŽҩݣŷֲˣҲܻᱻڳߣʱǲҪռ͸ˮһգⲻ㡭

ʶ˽ԲԵ

Ӧ¹ӣ۾һͶŴžϻٵĶ

һˣ
ʦ˵öԡ

ǻô

¶ʧ֮ɫԲҧҧʦ㣬ҪȻǰѾϻɵҩɣ

Ȼ޷£ֲöֱõõİ취

϶ЩȻ֮ɫԲϻĵɻǣȻ쾵ûʲôãȴܵееö׻ȣǸ־ѾеĻ֦ҶŹɵҩȻһȴҲڵᣬǾأ

ѩѾЩ⶯Ҳ¶ͬɫֱİ壬Сʦⲻǵȷܵͷ񣬵ȵҩɣڱס˵ˣٲΪʸ֮ˡ

*

쾵⣬éһƽͻҲĵĿŽԲһˣǵҪδϻ١

Ӱʯֻоû˲֪еĽԲʦüѾҪѾϻɵҩˡ

ڸղţǻŲԶں콣ڣΪɶԷƷƿڴе޻ԲԼȥˡ

ʱҲı仯éɽھͻΪŭյ㡭Һûéһƽھϻٳֵĵһʱڸ󷨣ֹ͵Ӱʯ

Աˣĵ»Ƿˡ

Ѿһѽǿˣ˵콣˾ϻ٣ôһéɽڣ

˻ζͻء
ʲôԭ򣿿϶éɽڵ˰г֣Ѿϻ£Ҳ֪϶ǸԲµ֣

쾵ڵıߵ֮⽭Բɵ¶Ҳ̫ص˰ɣڰ֣콣ڸҪˣǶñڹأ

Ǻǣ˼ţտȾ˵һҵ뿴éɽҪŵŭ𡭡

һʯǧˣʱڣҷ׷תͷéɽڵӰʯ˹

éһƽͻŴ˷ۣǿż΢΢к

콣ںڵĵѾŭĳΧȻҪԲһ˱ץǰȺˡ

˶ſϷɫΪҪˣȴڴʱһڵĳͻȻƿţ˱˹
λʧĵޣˣͬԣ

һԭע˲תƣѾгվ𣬳ǻڵĳΧ˹ȥ
棿ڵӵ䣿
ٻȵûУ



УéһƽͻһۣĿʱ

éɽûˣéһƽֻܶվ𣬺һѳǺ뿪

ȵ壬ں콣ڵĵٿʱéɽڵӰʯ£ѾֻʣڣӵĻһˡ


ÿ졣

*

쾵ڣԲѾΧѰҩ½˺Ӱԡ

ѩѾ¯Ⱥãȴϻپþ²֡

һľŽֲǰڰٻɹôߣ˽ԲָҩԣŸҷһ
û˸߱Щҩǵһμѩȥ²ĵĿ򽭰Բ
СʦãҪȻεĵԿ

ԲʦΪ֮ûи߱ʱ޷ҩԣɾΡ

ԲĿתһȦͣĳرߡ

лľ»ã˻ѡһƬƽ԰صİߡ

ڣɫѾڣƬּ䶼һɵּǹɾƮ»ζԽŨ

ƬˮϷȴ漣ĳҲֻԶԶƮڰգδˮ
쾵ڱǧ꣬һɽһʯݣˮ˵ҲЩô

Ժ˪ѹƳˮ׵ıڴһ£Ҳʱ߱

Բģ飬ףӿУڵʦ㣬а취ˣˮ󻯱ʵһ׵ĸ߱ѾҹΧ»Ũȥ߻ٶǲԣ

֮߱ܵõĸƣϻҲܼʱ

ѩ̿ʼ׼

˾ڹѧ˲ַǶ˴ˮ
غһΧ׼󷨣ֹһ⿪ϻٺΣա
ѩȡ¯ʼҪĲϡ

ԲڵϹõļ׿ṹʼˮ

ǰǸ߱ʵһŴļ΢ʱҲұᴿģҪģǽ߱Ľṹٴνм򻯡

ųе֣µĶҪľܹŴʵĿﾵ
ĳˮѾ䴿⣬ѹƴĥӦıƬƬʹá
ٽƬƺõ֬Ĥγɷ㣬ֻҪƳ㹻ľƬܴﵽŴӽṹĿġ

Ϊ˱ȣԲܻ˸Ϣ¶ȵ󷨣ҲõıƾƬΪ¶ȶ߲ʷ仯ˡ

ؼĲ裬ҪĥʵľƬȣһ㣬ַ׼ĽԲ˵ǡǡɵĵط

ʱ˺µһ̨ƴıƸ߱ˡ

׼õֲŵº߸˷׷׽ŵһ

ȻͿ³һƬɵԲӰӡ



Сʦãôģѽ
ѣæôãòʧ˰ɣ

ȵȣԲüͷµļƬŲŲλá
ڵֻܿΪƬûе

ԭģԲӰޱȵĳڸ߱ǼеҶϸģ

װ߱ˣ




150.  150  Ŵ8   

߱Ƴ, ǰĲҩ̱Բոϰ¹ֺá

ϻ٣Ѿڸ߱, Ҳޱȶ״̬˵Եܶ൤ҩҩʹ, á

ѩ㲻ɣֱ¯ʼҩ



ʱ, һؾϻٱȺ¯ҩֱǾϻĵӵõ׵ÿӦгֵķʴϡˣ

˷ö, ȵʰð, ٴ̤̽óʱ׷һ
ɽ󣬿Ǵ, ֻҪŵһ£éɽڲΣˡ

Ǹ÷ɵʱ, ȴиڽͻȻʼʵĿ޿ˡ


æһҹ, , ҪǽԲ⿪˸, ˭û

˶Լһ˫۾ģűѩҩҹۼſõıϻ٣Ůһһصӽ¯ëҲûʣ

ߴߴߴ˵ҪҷһݣǼҩ, ̫ˣ

Ǵ𡢷ŭίĿ̫ԣԲҲԼĳŵ
ȡؾϻ٣ȫһں, λͬţҶĬϵͷŴӶȡһöϻĵݵǰ

ˣǴӦı꣬ͷǼ˲ٺöһؾϻҪֵǮˣǻҪ֣ǾֿɣԺСЩɣ䵽ˣǿûôġ



ģ󣬾͹ӲţҪޣǳԣ

ҭͣ˽ԲһۣԼΧķҲʧˣѾӳԶ뿪
䣬ʧּ䡣

ƽչڻԵ²СӰˡ

*

쾵֮һ쫷ٶȿ

һ̵۵İٻҩжţ붥һҩǰС

ȻԽ󣬿쫷ȴŲϸС棬һųԲ˳Ƭ֣̾žͻῪʼʳĵ޶Ź

ǰٻһҩͨķ鵤

쾵ʱȴҪǽȫ£ֻܴƷͷڣ赤ҩҲֻԼвɼơ

˵Ҳǰٻȵùȥ֣ôЩֲƺʵĵҩû뵽һͱ͵쫷С

쫷ڳľԺʯͷһӲޱȣòժ׼һЩҩ쫷Ųó
һʼʱ򣬻Ϊ쫷磬ʦñǰ

ӵǱɫ࣬ƳӤڵʦúԼһǱɵ̾һ
ǽ֤ԼӵλʦʦãƺͷȡԼλá

¶һµ֮㶼Ḷ֮һˡ

ҩ³һͷˡ
ǵһεˡ
Ҳ֪϶ڻ˵һں콣ǹӲѡ񵱳ͷ񡭡

ǰٻȡǵװɣ

һȡ

[һéɽڣΪһٷ֡]

һ򣿡ʧڳʱͬŵע⡣
øʦ㣬ˣһ˭
ۼƳéɽ֣˲ۻ𣿵һȻéɽڣǵ¶ûȥôô̵ʱõһ֣

˻ӣࡣ
Ƿ˾Žײϣ
ǾŽײϣ
éɽڿ϶˾Ž׵ҩݣ

ֻչԣĺöéɽûôô̵ʱ͵õһŽҩһĶԾ
éɽľŽײϣελþͱסˣٻҲܱ֤һΣ

Ŀ¶Ұģλͬš
ʦãʦã֪λ˴뾵ɴ

ƺͷ΢üͷʦ㣬ڶľ᲻̫ЩȻѰԲǧڵľŽ䣬һã´ȼ͵һԺˣ

Ȱ㻥˸ֻԽðŸս쾵գҪľ֮ǰ֪쫷λʦôǰ󣬺˱ǰ֡

Ȼûд˶ӵҧסѹסĵĻӲЦһ
λʦãΪ쫷նͽнʵû߶Զ˵éɽڵ˼λʦʱ룬ز֪éɽ¶ʱıְɣҲʮձȫ롣ڸڵľ֣Ǿ֣ǺȥǸպܡΪǿ

öЩ⶯ǼܾãéɽڵõƷϵٶ̫ˣҲǴǰһ뷨ǴģҲŽĲϾΧҲ˵ľպÿųһβ룬ѰǲֱӸĵ쫷ֵ治ʺҩ޴ȥ

仰˷ƺͷˣǽڵͷ
ãǾʦġ

ƺͷȡһ컨Ƶľ֦߶Ƭ̺ľ֦ϱǳĺɫۼ֣һ·ѣͣڶϣһͷ

ָϱߵľִ
˵ǧ֮ȴоŽײϣ

һҩ޷׷¶ɴʦʦǣľָ͸ĵ֣

ֻ˲Ƭ̣ͻȻһδϤ

ƺͷɫ䣬ˣ棡һѭľģ

ٶȼ죬գ۱㻯ĳҩ޵ĺ󷽣
ͷ˴ǰĵһҪ

ҩѾ󼸸߽ҩ޶һۣﶼʱˡ
һᣬɴҩڿʼȫ飬ڣԶǧСģˣ

ǣʦ㣡

*

һߣԲ˼аգڵִһֲïĻڡ
ȻΪּ䳣겼ԭֲкܺõԱƷҲֺ˺ܶࡣ

˸ɢܿѰʮδ꣬˾һƿ󶴵ɽ
һֱ·Ѱʱĺʿģɽ˾ڹŵԾԾԵĽȥȥˡ

ԲͳѩֱͲժҩһڸѲء

ʱּ֣̫ĻҲڵĽֲ֮УľԽΣ

ɾʱԲͻȻ
ˣΣյĶˣ

ԲһժһĲҩ˲ôʦͻص־ԶĿﱼһܻһкŸʦֶܡ
ˣ˵Σգҿ쵽㣡

߸ǰŸ󶴣ԶĵطһȺŵԶĴ˹

ˡ




151.  151  Ŵ9   Ҹ

ǡʲôվڶڴһ, 㺧Ȼ󾪵˺벽ʶڶڴһ֣

ţԭվͳװ, ԭһȺϸСó浲ס⣡
Сȴƴ, ˵ϱ㿪ʼҧϵ

ϸã촦ȴŷ͹, Բ̶˺ţ
쫷ֵ棡ôͻȻܵˣ

ԲüɫһΪʣǽΪջڶڴ

ֻһ, һӱ㱻һ, Ҳ˰ٴγӿ˽
ڴʱԲµڵڸһ˶ľش

һȺȻļ, ȵ˼λûκ˾ưҡҡλε׹ڵ, 󶴿̳һĻҺ֮ɫ

һٺԼؿ, ŽԲֱ̾, Сʦ, 㶯죡ȻǽվܱҲҪ˵Ĳˡ

Ťͷ⿴һۡ
漴ԲͶҲ׷ڸԼԼĺ

ûеްٻҩλ֣ҵѹһл

ٻҲˣ
ʱ

Բ˶һۣŲ۾˭ǰҩޡ

֮ǰ¶ʱ, ҩ޾ûٹۿ˵͵۸ǣ˫żҲͦʮ, ػв
ܹҲ߸ˣȴա޾ģܴù
ȰԼĹܺ˵

Բڵļֻڿ󶴱ϸԶ£淢

֮󣬻ǽԲȻعſڵһΪȱ䶯ֹһ
ʦʦ㣬ҲǱ¼һʬǿҩĳӣȻƷֵףһʱҲÿãȡʤôҪҪ֣

˾ڹ̽飬ڻûҲٲðȻˡ
ãץһץ棬Ǹַӡ
˵ͷӦȡԱķʣʼ

»սգ
˵ձ㽫õķΧڣȼһһ𣬵ԭ䶯ŵʬ壬ʱճžı

һһͽԲҲ۴ȸԾǰֱһ򶴿ڴ

ԭܿѨķɵĳǵʱٶӿһµģ
ϧֻüҧ˼׷ײΪ׼õķĹһϾٶȶ˺һʬ

ؼ˼״Ҳ£׷׼ճյѭС

*

쾵⣬һֱӰʯǰĻ𿴵Цһ
һﻬֵС
ڵ֮꣬ɫĴڣû뵽ǸԲֽô죬˲뵽˰취

ֻǡĿڽԲջڱϵ΢΢üͷ

԰ֻôôöûµģѲϵȫûģôܣ

ȻԼŮżȻἰһ¡
˵⽭ԲƲֹǸţǸ̬˼ŵĲ֮ضܿһ۾ѧᡭ
زһССԹỰӶ࣬ɴ˿̻ȴվô¡

Ŀٴתƣ䵽ӰʯУԲĳѩϡ
Բһǰ|աճʬʱ򣬳ѩͻںõŸոժһЩҩ

˵Ķ죬Щĥĥģһʱ붼ΧǸʱĸָָ߱㡣
ڷʲô

ѩŸһ߿һ߼ǣżͷһԲ
ƽԲʦ㻹Ҫһ

ǽԲ

˵߱ҲǽԲġ
󷨡ҲЩ̫˰ɣ

ǾĶԾܾýԲϻһδƿɿ˰ΣڷֽԲȻʱʱĻȥѩλãǻɻ˲仯ļʡ

q(s^t)rһéͷҲ֪˼ӸżôõͽܣһŽײĵˣ˷ѣ

Ự䣬һ˵üë־ٷ˹ţֹ˵˭ˣ

éһƽ

ûɨһۣ볤־ûʲôǴȥˣϵˣǶͽҵˡ

ἰ£éһƽ̴üۣ߰׵ɫҲֳһ˿˥ܣҡҡͷȷʮӱһˣֻǶڱɽµĹ־εʱֵģкܶû䣬˪ҲûϢ

ƽƽˣȴ˲ֻ̾һˣûϢǺϢⲻѾЩһ˵ٹգͽҲܻ

éһƽҡͷ̾ǹʦûðЩִ̫֣ŶһƶգˣҪСծ

ȴЦһ⻰˵ģСǲǸأԺ⾪᰽ǵ£һҲЩɳ㿴ǱŮԲǼͽܶ¡

éһƽУ΢΢лŵ⣬ɴҲȥ᰽絽׻ΪŮ̵Ҳܲͻ굤ˣ츳Ҳѣպɾͱز֮¡

̩˵һ䣬ǣҼض򣬿ǶʱأǴͽܻҪʱءˣǽԲ츳׿˶ð

˵̸˲˵ע⣬ͽԲֳ֣޷׷䡣

ЩֵĵСڼǸԣһεһéɽ԰֮еһϢ㴫˿ǵĻˡ

éһƽǳ˳飬źԼܹĽԲĸʱ¶˵԰ڣֻĵ
ҼҰԲֻһʱ

һ㶣ЩţԲֻһʱһʱ츳ˣضһʱҪˣ

һ˲䣬͵˼׷һͷ

áԲֻһʱ

*

ڵһ̸ֻʱʹ˱ɽ£ΧС

Ϣһ·ӣʹ³ɷĶ

ڹңһһʱܴéɽ쾵ڶһŽݣСϢǻҹĴ

콣üɫֻǳеɨһۣɫʹҲ֪Щʲô

Ѿ˱ĽԲУ³ɷȴڼ󣬽üͷ

Ƭֱ̺кû뿪ҡ

ȵصססüģһѶ
ҹţ㻹ǲǵýԲ

Ƭ̺ңһҹŻع
ȻǵãôˣǺ쾵ﴳͦõ𣿡

㻹ǲãС췣ʱ˶ã
ǲ̫ˣһʱɡ

һʱ
ֻһʱôǲסǹ츳ǵðҶչչˡ

³ɷ˴ȴ¶ɱ⡣
ԲصĿΪһ֮ỵ£ȥҸˣ

ǣеڰӦһ




152.  152  Ŵ10   Ǿã

쫷ϯھϮ, ֱҹĻ٣ּ»ӲŽɢȥ

Բڶڴճʬ, æһ, һ֣ͣȵİٻҩޡ
ʱǺʱʮ, ֮δҲ֪ӵˣǺһѰ˶ܵĵط

ʦʦ, ĳɢ, Ҫȥ𣿡һվڶڴѹΧѾȫ, Ҳδ¾衣

Բͳƽ, ˵ΧĳѾûΣˡ
Ի경, ȳȥ, ̫ͻȻ, ѱ̽ΧپǲҪҹ·

ѩԵͷҲãԲСġ

ԲصͷȻһֻŸ, ð˸ͷַٵת˻׳־Ѿ˾֮ɫ, 죡ʦʦ㣬ҸϽѶʰ붴ٻЩҩһֱڶѨ棬ѾҩˣǴˣ

ʲô
˶Щµľʱ䲻ˣðٻЩҩ޽߸Ҳ򲻹

ѩкһˣߣⶴ֧ڶֻ࣬ҪúãӦܱܿǣ

߸ѸٽѨڵĺۼ٣˳ſһ·ҵĲйȥ

˾ڹǰ̽Զڵ˽⣬ﶼЩĺӲֲÿɣҲûʲôҪͣǰһ󶴻ǰڸԻӦÿԶ㵽ٻȵҩ뿪

䣬ǰխ󶴾Ȼʣ¶һʮĺ󶴡
󶴶ܣ¶ҲȫǺ󣬶ڿ󶴱ϣ֪ͨĶڡ

˾ָָǸڣҺղžǽǸ󶴣ҲЩҿ󣬾ֻ̽¾ͳˡǾѰɡ

ƽв͹ϸʯ󣬾ٻȵҩ浽Ҳѡڴ˴Ӫ

ԲͻһһҲóԻ
˶ֻƬ̹ͽһƬʯΧ߸˸վڣĿоʹ˴ССҩ

ʦ㣬쵽ˡ
СЩ
ǣ



*

Ȼô죬ѵʲô𣿡ѩ̲ԡ
ԲҲ˷

ǰУȺ۵İٻҩޡ

Ϊ׵ͷơˡ

־ٷߣ
ƺͷǸһ֧΢ӡľһöϸСͷǰָţȻЩٻҩߵ

ؿľܾЩ죬Բʱ۾һҩԶͬʦãƺͷ꣬õķүүģٻ֮һľȼ㣬Բ̽Բǧĵر

ȵȣĵر

һ䣬˶ۡ
һ˲䣬Ҽͬʱ𱻰ٻ֧䣬콣ںɽɼӳɢݵĶĻ䡣
ٻľֶ֣ڰõıʱ

һصʦѩԾԾԵ۾ľзӦ˵Ｋпܳ־ŽײϣȻ֪ˣ취ȥǾأ

Ǿã
ǾãҪҪ

߸˶˱˴˵ǰɺ޼һ𣬲ѩţ͸ȡ˳Ի̣ϡ

˾ڹŸԶķӵҩ޺档
ԲͻظͷƵǶӺ
ѩһ˸ʣҩȥһͨ

֧·ܿʧ

*

ߺԭžƽնͻȻϸʯֻƬ̺󣬱ǧֻͷβڵϴӺ

Ϊ׵һֻаƴС˫죬ᣬڿתһȦܿȷĿ߽ǰеܵС

ǶԽԼϢݸϴƺƵĳܵӿ˽ȥ

ܵǽԲͻظȥ

*

ʱ˿̣Բͻػӵҩ޺˳ſһֱǰ

һ߸һ͵͵۰ٻȿֵܷľŽײϵʲô

Բڿܿǿʯһ࣬Ƶѣأ

أ⻹治˵ʯĵȷпܣ֪ҿмʲָƷ׵ĿʯʯʯʯЩʯȽϳܻľķӦ
˵ոɴȡ¼

ʯľŽײֻ֣һǺ˪ֵıʯһ쫷ֵķʯһǾֵʯûо֡

ڴʱͻȻһϸ΢ͬʱͻȻҲ
ˣΣգ

ˣжˣ
Ƶѣʲôˣ񣡡
ҶǰȺҩ޵ˣԲ¿һۣץסؾͳһ͹ʯ̨ȥ
վͷɿĲ¼һԻ󣬲׼ã·ͷĶͳڶǰ

һȺ飬ͷβڣֻСǯӵȺ˳ſ󶴣ҵĳǿ񱼶

Ϻһ޶ʳĳϣֻһڵϹһϮɡ

ȻַضĳӲ£ڿϲ죬˾ûʲôð취ܶ㿪ϡ

뵽ˣԲµԼؿڣҾ˾ֻӣٻȵѰ֮ǲܼˡ

ٻȵҩҲڷӦ׷׻׾
ʦ㣬ˣⶴﾹȻϣ

ȺϼգۼҶٻȵҩѾвӦԾ飬״ڸԽ²˾󣬶ԷŴҩ

ھĽԲͻأ
ԭ죬ҩġ
˵һǳɣмָ塣

ȺϺƺƵֻԲ¡ҩΪ׵Ϻ۵ԲָдȥҧЩҩ

ⶴѨˣ
ҲܷŹ
ǸϱζŮޣ



ǡ

ҩеһҩ޲ϾȻΧҧЩˡ
ҹҲӶȺ棬ɵʱ沢δǲҩʵֱͷ˹ȥ

û뵽⾣Ϻȫͬ˴ϻۣȻʶǵαװ

ʦ㣡̫ˣҪ汻һֱҧȥҩҪҧǵù͸ôӳ쫷ֶֻĵ

Ȼǰ棬ȴҲûȺҩ޺ö٣ĶãҲ࣡
ٹƬ̾ѰŽײˣȴȺԭأŭ𣬾뵽˷ӡ
ȻǺһĶӦҲ»յģҺԼûְų⣬ҾͲˣȺն£

ǣ
һҩ޵ĹǵֽԼסᵽ˶µϴԽ˺ҧ

ɾڴʱһŵĴͻȻӶȼһɫлԭȼԽԽգ۾۵ҩϲ

˲

һȺ϶ܲı˸ţϷ࣡ϿǷը
ָӵͷȴעһȻϼ壬ȻҪˡ
ֻϧȺҩ׼㣬ֿ죬ûþͱյһ룡

Χ۵˵ĽԲͻضһۣЩû뵽ٻȾȻôͽѹˡ

ȺңڿǳȥõĻˣ
ԲƶɿĳʼķƵѣȺϻûˣǣ̽̽ȥȺҩʲôʣˡ

ðٻȵҩ޳һαѶֵԣ

صȻҲ뱨𣬿̫ˣѣȺżΪЩţάֲþ磬߲˶Զ

һ䱧ԹδԲһöʯ
Ǿʯ;ЧһԳ鴥Χγɼľ黷ֻƶʱҪעⲻ̫죬ҲκͻϷ֣

찡ѼֱǸܵıأ

ĽӹʯȫǶԽԲĳݡ
ѣ̫ˣ




153.  153  Ŵ11   ޺Ŀ䡭

˽Բľʯ, һһ߶㣬ܿһѵ۵ҩܵǰ档

ǰϵĺʯ, ɵȴѾһЩݵĿʯ
иղŻᵽʯʯʯ, ЩǿĿʯ˸ԼһЩٴζ

ԽԽխ, ԽԽѾȫʶˡ

ڴʱԲͻȻһ̤, ֽ³ʶû̽鵽Ŀӡ

ˣ

ȡһö¹ӽ, ճһ׵Ļӡ



ϡ׵ĻӣԲͻؿ˴ˣڲµǾƷϵݡ

, 

ǵصܳǧмʳֵĵ֮, ڵĵط, ڼ׳ָƷʵĿʯ, Բǧ֮ص޶ΪĴڶõ, һ޸Ϊϻۣ

ȻڱҲǾŽײϣȴвΪѵõһ֣

Բͻ̤뻬ӣһ·¡

֮ǰԲ۵ڶڴ㳬Ի͹ԱӰٻƬ̡

*

һߣڸ㶨һȺϵҩҲٴ̤Ѱó̡

ʮҩ, Ѱڣľļͷת£ɽȴһƬΧ޲ͬĺʯء

üͷ, г΢ԤУɴһƣӳҵ¡

ˡ

û뵽ȴһĻ

ʦþʦ㣬ǡѵƷ

еԤٶȽ̲ԥƻӳҳԭĻڡ
˳ϲƷڵĵӦҲѵҩ׼ãһŲֱҩȶ˵

ǣû뵽ǰ˽ȵһ
ҩǶЩȡԷ͵ҩ̤˻ӡ

ֻ˲Żգ۵Ĺ׵ͻȻѽһĿ˰գ

ʦñòֱӱſϣ

⻹֮꣬ҩҲ޺һһȥ

q(s^t)rѹƨq(s^t)rһ֪ĳ˻֡

ǵΧٳϣô˷ѣ

Ʒڣ黫Ȼôߺһơ

ȴֻһ£¹ʧ벻ٴֱȥһʦҲ׹ȥ



ˣֻֻƬ̣ٶȱסˡ



ܳ

ʮһ׹һңûУֻŷʱʱͻֵĹ

*

һߣʹӻڳȥĽԲͻһ޴ܶС

ܶǧŻ͵ĸʯӶϡӵصסӱϣչ
ʯ׵ĹâյɵģɫʯдɫĺʯԵ־Ȼ

ԲͻظΣ˾ʯСΧѰ䡣

ǣȻ뷨ӱԼûи߽ޣҲвǡ

ټϸղǴӱϣԲұ֤˿ųǵһͻᱻڸͳɰ׹һܡ

СģǶ׿ͣһֿʯӻƵʯ¡

ڿʯ룬һƴξʯﻹһڻǴҪҵ

û뵽ʱôȻʳ¾ΧȻҲûʲô޻ţԲͻضӺȡöʯǰ

һ˲ΣհȻգҪԭء

Ѿˡ

뿪ԼѣΧʯڣڻһ˿µļϢ

ؿôмף

ʯˣ

Բû˷ʱ䣬ֱӽУԸٶ˶
죬סϢ

õˣӦųһ⣬Եʯ

ҲڴʱٻȵҩڴعƮ

ƿľһʦ㣬ˣ

϶ǱƷڵĵ޲ˣٽڷסվ᲻ҲƷڵļ©

ǣ

һҩͷĻסշųȥǱΧðһϤϸ

ҩһʱɫࡣ
⣬⣬ô𣿡

ֻԭȻܶڣգ۱Ӹľϣֻһֻ۳̣Ҷʱһȫͬ

ûüȥĽԲͻҲɫļһԲֻ̡

ҩǴѾһˣҷ飡ⲻǿԼ𣿡
ô죬Ⱥ϶Χ˻Ǳߣһͺпܻᱻ֣ȥˡ

˻û취ǰİٻҩǾѾΧ϶֡

ϵ־ȫȻͬҩķѾˣֻգ

һʱ䶴ǸɢбյĴܵޡ

Բͻرһ·󳷣ֻվһ޴ʯϣŶ㿪ߵޡ

ڷȺ϶Щκβҩ޺Ⱥڷŭķһֵ

ӡ

ʲô·𱻻Ѱ㣬Ѩζ£

Բͻض󣬴벻ı׷׿Ʋסĵǿʯ£Ϊٶ̫죬ϵľһ˲ɢҲ¶˳

ҩ޾һۣ󲻸ŵĽгǡԲ

û뵽ʱľʯһʧЧˣԲ״ӵվЦĺܼ١
λҩޣɰ

ɸƨ

ʱ򣬽Բܶϵղֵڴôܲ²ԲĻʹ

ʲôƷڣȻǱˣ

ҧֻ޲ҧڽԲϣɻûηӦǰ𶯱ڽһͨ˷׷ޱȵľ޴Ӱӵص׻˳

ģϲ࣬ȴѩ׵ģʺ죬һԱѸָǰҩڵķλ

ԻδȫľޣȻ󾪣Ϻ󣡿ܣ

ֲǽʱûκԭ϶ȥϺɿˣ

ϺϳĹؼÿŻɿһΣһͱϻѣ֪ж

ڷһ˳ֺϺŭĶ˶󷢳һޱȼ

ӡ

ԲͻϽ׵ı˫˫˳ȥ

һŨŨĻϢ˶˹ȥ

ԲֻԼҵһʯϺӾͿʼʶõžúЩ

ٿҵһԵĻأ־ģҡվ𣬾ߵ޶ȥˣ

ǰЩҩҲò˶٣Ȼסȴûܵϻһ׷ҡվ𣬳ǰ˹ȥ

ٲᣬ˾ͻΪϵĿȻܲҩޣʱҲ˲ʲôˡ

ԲɿĽǰǰźȥ
ͣ£

¡¡

Υĺһɿ˳˷˳ȥ˲ǹϺڵصƷɣҲԺǰʮҩ޺ͻҲ




154.  154  Ŵ12   Ҫս

˻ؽԲ, Լһž
涼ҪߵȺٻҩڻ׷״ӶȡһƿɫҩۣΧϣ

Щҩһ綾Һʴ, ˲˴󲿷Χȥޡ

ϺûȺѨҵҩ޳Եѵ, ˵˺ǣŭڵ, һʱٴζ

һЩοĿʯ׹䣬ŭϺһ˦˽Բ۾

Ů, һļƻ, Ҫ˺飬ĺǣ

ӡϺֻǯ𣬺ݺ˽Բ

ڽԲ󾪺һ, ѵûڣ㱻ԲԸһжС
Ƶ, ȶ, ֻϺ󣡡

Բѡ޵ʱ, ֪Ϻŭ, ׼

ѨϺҲСټΧĿʯݣᱻ۶ϣֻϺж

Ծ㿪ҹľǯԽʱӳȥ׼õķ

ЩȫǾ, ֻҪܲõλϺΧһ;û֧, ϺͣҲֻ־ܣ

Բĺܺãϧȴ͹ֻϺ̣ͲԲΣյĶеķһʱ˿ԭء

׷ԾУϺס˷ɹȥž

ȺǰסڿɢһҶ˵棬վûɴ

мֻ䵽ٻҩ޴ҳ졣

ƿۻڷվĽԲһ˿壬ȡҩƺݺڽһֻϵԴϣʦ㣬ǸղŶ˽Բӿһ٣ʱ½٣ȰЩϴ˵

ɨ۽ԲӰĿĶͣ˺һͷӦã£𣬽Ⱥȫչ⣡

ضԶԷսҲԾԣҲһ𣡡

ʮһ϶֣ܿͽ䵽ϵЩϷմ㿪ʼŶԸеޡ

ۼΧĺԽԽ࣬׽ԲȴιȻﶪڶûˣϺԽѶ˼ˣֱӻŴǯӸڽԲҴЪٶȿ־

һʱǡ䡱ʯʯϺġӡ

ԲڿԾţȻûˣȴſƤʵƤڵϺûʲô취

ѾԹ˷󷨣üҴֻϺƤȴϺȫӲޱȣ۾ƤӲΪ޷ƿ

ɨ۵ϻȺҩ޺ͻأ֪ȥҶݽߣ뽩֣ӣѾ¼

Ƶѣٰܳһ𣿵ðѾ¼Ȼǽնˣ

ԺһͳԼķʣͻλҩܷæһ

Ӧһ䣬ԣСģ

һ漴ҲȥæжȴǲĶǻķ

ҩޣΪֹΪö컯ǬԪֻ굤Ƶġ

֪ĽԲͻؾҵὫǴܾ֪ˡ

ˣܵõԲһʯ

һУֻҪһĻᡣ

*

ڸ˸ģŷ֮¡

Ƭ̺󣬻ͷ󺹵Ľöˣѣô죿

ԲҲܵЩһǯתʱɿصϺ̫ˣҪ󷨲ֻ̫취ԲȫΧˣ

ȫΧ

ԵҩǶЩסˡ

ϴǲûʶ󷨣Ҫ԰ټƵۣҪ˰ѳ֣ʮ񶼾ƣߣϽԲͻҲʮˣôܲóܶôľ

ҩǵĶһ˿ɣڴʱͻȻŰյһ
ǿ쿴

ֻ֮УԲ֪ʲôʱܲöհ׵ķʯʱһԾգⱻֻΧȴڰƳһ鼣֮ܵʲô

Ԫ߷ãȻңջƾ

ƾջƷҲüʱѿظʯ״̬Χ˵Ҳʮöհ׵ķʯôģ

ɲŲţʱ˿̵ĽԲȷһ߶Ϻһջڸʯϻƾ

ϺҲɵȻóԲСҲֻὫǰĶȫݻ٣Բȥǽһţ˹ȥ

ԶҩǿĽŲѣҲʹţֻԽԲ˲ۺ̻

ѶôŬˣҲ£

ڣԲһ鼣ɡ
ﻹһΪϺעľʱˣһ˦ͽķٴУأƵѣڣеķ˦žλǼУ

صͷӦ֣еľ̷λá

ϺͷΣԤã̺ԶٴеľЩǽԲӳ߰ˣ

أһأŵܶز࣬һ΢ɫرܿ촮˻ӳŷϣγɰȦ

Խ죬е˥߸ɺԵԽЩϱ㿪ʼһ׹

ϺҲõҪǯƻ±ڣͼǸԼΣԤеĶŻӳǯԲͶֳΣǯ棡

ϼһôãҲúúֻǯˣף

Բ˫һԼ֮Ƶס˾ǯ䣬һɫ׵ӹڷٴڳԼٶ˳Ϻľǯһ·

ϺԭΪ׺ͽԲ֮ǰų𣬿û뵽һΣ׵ȴӶܿƵļ£;ֵطֻ֣ǯʹĶ

֮ģԽԽϡ

ӡң

Ϻ󷢳һԶûʣٵϸתصߣͱڼɵľ󳹵жڷ֮ĵ˵ϡ

ءءء

һֻֻϵأϺҲֱ壬סһҲ޷

ˣ˳ˣȻع񣬴ӵϱɿĳԲ˹ȥ

ѣ̫ţˣţˣ

Բ
ٺٵԼĺףҲԼ˿̵ȷЩţ

ϾķӣҲֻû뵽һʵʩ˳ɹ

һҩ޾ȹѸٸǰʰ̱һصϣͷߵֻϺǰЩֹ

һ񣬶ԷڵѣϺץסԺδãȡһЩҩõĲλ֪ɷ񣿡

ϺǧޣȻεı¼ϣϵĲλȴвõĵطҺƾ鵤ǲɶõҩġ
Ҳǰ˽ԲһЩæڿȡҩӦͬɣ

еĿԶ׼ԲȴֻǵƳһ۾ת
ޣҼǵðٻȲôôʦð˵

ҪսƷ̬ȶû




155.  155  Ŵ13   һУ

Բ, սЪ˻һ˿δɢɷ˫Ҳûκ¶, һ, ϰ߰Щҡ

򶨹бʣķ, ֪ʱַĺʱ˳΢ͷСĵ, , ʦҪȡϺϵһ֪Σ

ԭ˰ǵҩҲͷԲԹԷ߬ȭͷ, ȻĵϺȻŪ, Ҫҩ, Ǿ͵øЩ, Ȱǰһصʰ˵ɡ

һ, ˵ҲǧֻǵѾʹô뱨Ǵǰ¶ʱĵѣ

ȵȡζԲкɫһڣԲʲô˼ʲôаǴϣҲгô㾹ռ

Բɫδ, ֻ˹д˸ƵĻصǲҲҪǵĲôǱ˴˱˴, ЩϽϺϵĲϣô

ǻ㣬ɲʩĻ㣡

㡪

δ˳ͷٶŭǺеķԽɼȴȻ

Ƭ̺¶ģŸʲôûôԸϺǽͨϣǽվͰｭѰЩ϶ã

Եĳ𣬴ȡϺ㣡

ҩԿʼʰһǽ塣

*

ؼǸ϶ŲǸͲҪˣɵһԲС
ѣҪϺָǰȺҩ޼塢ӲţҩƳ˵ҩȴ˵ûԣӲ˳ֻǼһǱˣq(s^t)r

ߵߴϵķ΢üͷʲôܿҡҡͷӦˡ
ǵãʦ˵éɽں˳¶ΪҩûɣΪʲôȴ˵˵ҩҩϣӦʲôɡ

Ϻܿͱ£һСɽԲͷβվһԸɿţæ˼ûУʰͣպٴȼܻ档
ͷƳϾҪֵϺǿѹŭǣǿЦѣ϶ʰˣɣܹһǧʮֻ

ԲͷʬתһȦָһӣǵ𣬽ɽƵĳʬ֮һ档

ЩϵȷգɼȻҪգα˷ǵʱ

̲סһ䣬Ҫգ˵鷳

Եһۣޣֹ˵ʲôأ

q(s^t)rŤͷѣϴˣǲǸǴֻˣ

ԲͷȻԣǵҪĲֻ֣ȥ

ǹɽл

ҧסҪϺһֻ۾ǯθҺǸƷ׵ĲϣҩҲԻ

ԣǾλƵȥɡ

û뵽ؼʱ򣬽ԲʹĴӦˣǰȥϺľǯ

·Բʱ˶٣ŸȥϺ۾θҺ

ؼ״ΪãѣôֱӾʹӦˣο̫ˣ̫ˣ

Բȴֻǳҡҡͷʾⲻ㶢Ķ۲

һ²ΪȻʹӻ굤˻ӤڣͻƵӤڵӡ

ӤԺÿһ֣ʦðһζҲ޷ô졣
ǰٻʲôطףǾ⣡

Բ˲ϵɷޣ漴һɱ⡣
ɷйأεŴȾ˼ˣЩʧŵӡбȻʲôϵ

*

ͷĿʯڶϺһѾӿݣشһ㷢ּ¶ϡпʯĺۼкȥڡ

Բϸ۲ﵽû˿ɷۼ¶
˵ǰôΣǸľͷҲñ£ȻҲȴûκ֡

ѵˣǡ

Ļ֮ˣѾо˽ɷصİ취
ˣŴȵˮ͸ˡ



ѣƴ˾ǯ˳ｭԲȡһֻأԳ񣬲֪ʲô

֮ǰһۣԽԲӡܲʦᵽȫֵͬһ

ƼԲԼЦнһֻǯݸѣֻҲȡˡϺӲѽ⣬ǵĸ۷ɵĺܣ㲻Ҫ

ԲЦݣӹǯô˾Ͷлˡ

ˣնѳ֣ȻһǶҪˣպ˻ϣұػתｭѵľ֮ǰٻжرպҲΪѹڡ

Բ΢üͷûнӻ
Ҳȡ˶ƲԼ͸Բɫɼĺڳ
ʦãʦץɣ֮Һͽѵлɡ

򦣬ӹת뿪

ɫȴûеǸǻָ˴ǰĸ߰΢΢ӵĿŽԲѣֻϺûƷֻ֣ս޵Ϣɱ£ɣѾû˾ǯһֻۣɱɱˡ

԰վת뿪ص˶ƳԲֻϺʱһ˿λεɱ⡣

ᣬˡ

*

Ϻ󱻾ţһֻſſķڵϣɷƺȡԼһֻۺֻǯ

޴ʹᴩ࣬󻯳ؿڴȼյı棬ڲΧʱʣһֻԹĿоֻǸ׽Բһ

飬ܲΧΣɱ¶̫ţ򶨻ᱻǰ֣

һУֱӱµආĺǱѩޣ

ԲۣͨжǵӰɳŲѣȥȻֻĸݡ
ɾޣбϺĳѨɱ

Ϻ΢Уۼĳ۾ֻԲ

ڣߵԼ࣬ͣ˸ǳ˿ԡ

Ǹڴ˴ȡǧҺ
ЦǻΪҺʲôõĶֻԼ֪ⶫж£
ȻһĶҪѸһˣ

ӡ
ϺȻһƱͻȻǴ˲佫ⶥ

ͬʱԲҲȻ
ãˣΣգߣ

⻰˵̫ˡ

ϺĶ죬ֻգ۱ϢԸɢŶʴζҺ峯Բͷȥ

ԲվǽԵλãܲ

һʱֻ
Сģ
Ϻŭˣˣ
ҿȡҩⸯҺɱմ֮ǣ




156.  156  Ŵ14   λޣ

֮, վڽѾԾ˸Ļȡ
ҪۿŽԲ綾ʴʬ޴, ܽͷ֮ޣ

Ǿ޴β, ڳ֮㳹ױըԶȳɫҺ

أ

֮, վǸĽԲѾҺĲӰ

ը죬Ц, , ˣ

ԴжȻһ˿ؼɷ·ת˲ʧ

ɾڴʱͷıڶϷ, ͻȻһĽ쳹ܶ

ˡ

ǡ콣ڵĽޣ

ɫ΢, δߺ, ǽʵʵһ·, ͷһڣ

̮ʯ㽫ɽɫҺѹ, һ鳤

ǽ˻δɢתǰһ·ʯأֱǰڵصϺͷһΪ׽ɱҵβı, һ̼׵Ľۣ

һνɽˮ

û˷򣬷ľͲֻϺһˣ

˳֮, ڴӶƮȻ֣ǰԶϺڡ

һ£ִϸгȻ۾Χţȴ米ֱͦɢŹɼǿҵĽ罣Уƽģ

Ȼ콣ڵĽޡ

ա

ϺʬԱߣһ䡣

𣿡

ţʲô˼˭ţ

˲䷴ӦɣеǽԲѻţ

Ϣһ뻹ŵϺڻĳ˵Ƥ䶯һ£Ƶ
ţأͷλްһѣûƤ



ĿŤͷڱʶλһӳڽԲ

󽭰ԲʹӲĶ˳

˼ǱȻڸҺ俪֮ǰʱסһȴвƶǱģǶʱΪ˽ϺϱฯҺʴġ

Σյĵطȫʱ뵽Ψһ취ǽԼϺƤϣû뵽Ǳʴһܹͱһ׻ϴۣ¿ɺˡ

ԲƲƲЩίһվڵϣϱݰͰ͵ӰֱƸѵؤ

ؤԲΪľ˾ؿڴһ鲽Ҫ¶ĺںã̧ͷл
лλ

°ػ˺бǻٿһ˲˲ĽǰĽϡ

޼ǰŻǱžͶԼ㶣΢΢ã¾ͺá

漴ޱתĿһתסǰһɪɪӰ



ԲĺЩ΢΢סûϵԷǲʶԼһ
ǰô˸ݣ裿

ھʱȻһɾΥϢұڡ

֫ٺ㱻ϸϸܵĻң˲޴Ļʹ֮С

ǻˣôʱͻȻˡԲ󳷷סǽڣҪҩƷҲΪʹޱȣʹ



ǰĽȴʲôûְ㣬ɶǸҩӰһ

ŵģ



ѾԵıǰȥס˽Բ˵Ϣڲʱˡ
ѣôˣϢôңҩްҿ

ôɳʮȴ˴

ΪʮҩޣʱѾȡԵķԴŻ߽Ľޡ

ֻԼԲסʼ﷭ѣӲãһҩȵ͸ã

£ȻһɫҩƷװƷ굤æ˽Բ

굤һ¶ǣԲ԰׵ɫɼĺؼȷʵϢƽµ½ţһԶϣͷǰŵĽ޺ҩޡ

*

ǰ棬ִҩƣؽҧһʦǣĿޱƵòˡ
λޣһɱҪΣ˶Ҳȡ˲Ϻҩϣԩ޳ŶԣܷҪٿˣǾͶˣ

Ŀͣ½ŲȴǾϸָβҺгǽԿ˿

ƻȻ񣬴ָʱԽͿλޣʲô᣿ʦ쾵һֱһ𣬲δˣӦҲûйϸŶԡ⡭

䣬ĿޱѾͷһӳԽֱӱ˵·ҩޡ

ĩβǰֻѾ˼¡

һҪѹĽԲһִſ־ĿŽǰĽޣ˶˾޴ľ֪뵽ʲô

ƻ⣬ʦ㣬ʶʲôʱ㻹콣ڵĽ޽³Թˣɣʦͽ͡

ɤɺԣĻߣȴڿĿһƵʱɫ
㣬ǵˣ

Ŀͣȡ£һű˸飬ĵͽ֮Ϊ飡ֻɱǵˣ

һٽıϮȥ

û뵽˵ɱĶˣղһϵʯԶѰǳֱս

˸û뵽ǣȻιȵĶ㿪ˣڵһվбһںĹȦ֣˵ΪҲӻӤһ·˲Ϣ͵˻Ӥڣ

Բһۣ㿴һĻʶ߬ȭͷһ䣬ɷޣ

ɷޣɻĵɴ۾תΪٶȿǰ

յѾĿսһ

˽ǻӤڣɳȴһһа

ΪȻڶⶼһĪаҲܿ񹥻ʱתأɴֺ仹µӰȻǴ˶

ĿдãͶõȫ콣ڵ콣УԷթҲǱƵһ·ˣֻڱڶϸ翹

ԲԽüͷ

Ծ
Ŀ޵ӣǰΪʲôһʶԼתѧһ콣ڵĽ
ѧ콣ҲһŶԣҪ֪Ǹް

ѵԼϴˣ

콣ھһǰһģһĽޣ

ؿڴĻ񣬻ɱǣ˿춯

ǰ򶷵ĶѾβ

һΪǿ󾢲㣬Ƭ̾ѾˣѪ߰ߡ

䣬˵ɷϢزסŨ϶ʼɷ

Ҳֱ˿̣Χ۵һҩ޲ףĿΪʲôҪɱ

ʦ㣬ȻմȾɷ
ɷԣѵ㲻֪ʦڰٹѹǵʱѾǣѵ㶼ˣ
ɷô֣ҶעϢԲڣ𱻸Ⱦ˺󣬶˺󣡡



һҩ֮ʱĿһֱ޿˵ǽڵĻӤ˸Դ

˸ΪϣѪԹȥ

һɷҲΪɢһɹỤ̃ͷϸƯ

ĿٴһӳɷԽɢٴξٽҪȡʱڻ񼱼һ䣬λĹһҽѺźдã

ĿԶ˶٣˼˷⻰Ǽ٣ŽУת뿪

ۣȴ·һҩʱ΢΢תͷѲᵽԱٴγˡ

һҩĵֱУͣ˽Բǰ

µ۾΢ϣӦĲν˵ʱҲûǹͱ˵Ľ֮УʱŽԲ΢΢״ٴýԲǸϤӰ

̫ˡ
ǰţӦӰɣ
ϧǰѾ˻ޣںӵһ塭

ޣ

Բع

ĿҲڹ۲俪ڵ

ÿǵסҽȥ·ˡ



غͽԲȻתͷֻʵҶ޳ڣĿȻִֵվԭء

ֻò

ߵһԣͼĿޱĻӳϸ

䣡

·ˡ

ٲҪ̤롣

Բûסһλѣ˵Уδл֪콣ڵλѣ

ǽ޲δͣأ߽ڣֻӽ

֮Ŵһ䡣

콣ڣʱ롣




157.  157  Ŵ15   Ⱥ

ʱʱһ, ʱƬ̺ٴʧ֮ܶС
ȻȨЩ֣Ӱʯ¹Ȼ¶ɷȾģ, չش, ³ֻҡ

ұڵĽٲţٻһҩ޲ǰȥԲѵ

ƽƷȫս, ι˿űĵҩ̾Ϣһ
ʦ㵱ǿϧˡ˺õ츳ʦûɵǬԪֻ굤, лϻŵҪڴȺΪͽ, ôͱɷۣ˴

һƬž֮, ز˾, ո˵ʲôǬԪֻ굤ǵҩǰٻȺܳĵҩôгΪҪͽˣ

ԲҲ΢΢ü, ˲Ծ֮

ƸҪ, ǰڵڴӿһƬ

ʦ, ղŵĽǴⷢģ
СЩⶴȻȻǧް
Ҳ֪ʦôˡ

ϲɫʦãܶ˴ûΣգ

ڴĽŲ˲伱

Բͻضһۣ˶Է˼

ٻȵҩˡ

Ȼƿű, ɰٻҩ޻ϣݬ룬˭֪ǻ᲻һ, ΪͻȻĿɱ֡

ǱܱܷͷΪá

ͬʱȡԻ̹ϣһȻΣƻϺԣµĲѸպãӸһ˳ȥ

*

һҩ޻һ̸ﻹнԲͻضˣֻһŤͷȴֶԷûӰˡ

˼ղᵽǬԪֻ굤һ£Ƴеһҩ޿ȥʦãɻǵõéɽںڵ˳ٻ¶ģ

ԵңĿⴥԲѵɿĴͷСګګʦᵽģéɽںˮƽǬԪֻ굤ȴϣ鵤ʧܺԾˣڶվûˡ

üʦ㣬ôˣ»ʲôɵ𣿡

ǣѹ£û£ֻǸղڶںͽԲֶԵУǲ׾ͻˡˣҸ£ʦһ»ѸٻţûõľҲ޷ãǵ뷨ӦԽˡ

˳صͷȡƴһΧҩޡ
ٻҩ޵Уϰɷа԰ٻ֮λʦöͳܣպΪٻȽ߾ȫ

ʦ֮

*

һߣԲͻ˳ſһ·ϣúƳ󶴡

ɫѺڣԭǲ֪ڶڴһա

ܼžֻп󶴿ڴʯֵɢڵء

ǽԲʦʦԼõźţǳȥǰϡ

˵Уҹʱֳɹéɽ˻ϡ

ԭڽԲͻѰʱҲβҩڶڷ˲ϡġ

ЩȻϡȴѣΪ϶ûнңұſֱ뿪

û뵽ֻʣԲͻôϵϡ

ڻмǺͨѶ˳ϵϡ

ĵ֣˸ɴʱڷҶϼգЩ϶ֱӼɳַٳ

*

պٴθ¡

ȻéɽڿжᵽȴΪһϻ٣ֻһǧ֡

ڵĵһǧȡ˱ʱûš

ڶ͵ֱںڣһǧֺһǧٷռ

éɽ䵽˵ġ

ңҲϲҲͦá
ٽŲֻéɽˡ
öʵ̫󣬴ҶٽɴŵɽԲܡ

ڽͷĲ϶úٴг

*

û뵽ûɽ¾Ǵ졣
˸յɽͱһȺ̬Ľ׻ޣסȥ·

ͷƻƱٶӣֻһֻĽ׵Ļޱֵһ굤ڵĵޡ

ȴֱһȺʮֻ࣬ټЩ޸˫Ŀͨ죬ֿŭһ֪̫Ծ

˵Էӭս

Բֻ˵һԿյϣѵ޵ͬʱ¸õ

ΪҪϢײһ״οСһһ˿ƵĿʯȥ

֮⣬ϸ˩һһ˦ͺϱ˫ڹһ˭Ҳϵ˰ɣ

ԲΪԼܿܽս֣û뵽ֻȻֻл굤ڵΪȴѸ
һֻģ֣Ǿ˶ݵص츳

ǧǰɷȾ̫أ᰽еĵȻ٣ȴúܡ

ЩΪȴһֻȲϣܾ츳ޣֱǷëǵĴڡ

罭ԲǰֻܶǧϺ󣬿ͺܴʵ򹥻ˮֻһˡ

û뵽ϣһֻ츳Ļޡ

ԲȽֻĻΣʼרĶԸֻ˶ݵؼܵĻޡ

ٶȼ죬ټһֻԶݵأԲ̽ûԼĳԻ경Щӻһۡ

ˣƺҲΪ츳ôϻ࣬ڷԼͬﱻԲκԽӿٶȣͽԲһܽƻĶֻѰʱŻͻϮ

кüνԲ¶ϵҲûܵ֡

һһޣ

ֱѾߵĻ޴ϣԲ߻ûֳܷʤ

ǻ޲ΧĵԽԽ࣬ĳݵغֱӾʧˡ

һͷԽûĵ

ѩһֻ޵۾ʬѾˣ۾ȴһ˿ʺɷȺ޺ǰڿֻܲһԷ˵Ҳ˼ӣôǱҩߵģ

üͷ˼˷ȴû뵽ʲôҩܵȺ

ԲҲԼ۲쵽֮ʦ㣬ղӵֻ޲Ľ׾Ѿ˶ݵ츳ټΧһھͳξŽײϣܾ쾵Щ֣ǻǶСġ

˷׷׵ͷ

ȻƬ̣˾ٶһĴܵķȺ

һ쫷еȺͻȻ쫷֣ܵԽԵΧԾ

Ѿߵ˾ֵʱĵȥ쫷ֲ鿴˷ھѧ澭飬Ӧ쫷ֵĻ

ԥ󣬱ֻǽȺϣٴγ

ֻ׵ĽϬޣΪϬƤӲѴǻ˷¡

һͶ˸иϬϵò֣ԲȹЩϵĲԾ֮

һֻϬ޵ԲѰһϤɫƵĵۡ

ڡ




158.  158  Ŵ16   Ѿע䡭

Ⱥ, Ѿ׵ˡ

ߵԽСģϮպڵִ˻ֵı־, ӺӰ

ӻֳȦ, ٳߣǽ֡쫷֡˪ֵһĴӡ

ݵͼϼ, Ӳﻹ˲ĸˮޡ

ܷ˳ɺӣҲǺʵһս

*

߸·ϱĥȭ˸⡣

һȭͷӲ, ˺ӱ߱㶢ŸĸߴľȻ, Ƭ̺ѡһҶľܿ콫ŵóƬ, Ͷڡ

ȻƮûȵƬ̺Ϳʼѳϸ, һϽȥ, Ѿѳһľ, Ӳ

쫷˳ľ, Բֻһ۱ҡҡͷʦܣľɵķӲС

˾ڹȡ˸׼õĲϡ
뵽ķӣ

ҲѡΧһľΪһ˻ľײһ

ƽľ屻к󣬹ȻȵƯ, ûںˮеľҧɣƮƮţԼȥˡ



ΪʲôЩ

˪Цһ, Ͷȡˣ֮أˮϡȻӶɣкܶʣڸɾĶˮУڵܣټϾճϱ㲻֪ͻڳأճˡ

޵ķӣȻܼƬ̣һʯںˮдˣͻܵʴȻ˸ɢ۵³

ѩǰ˵ķϻҩۣϧҲƬʱ䣬ͬ³

˶һԵĽԲ

ԲһʯͷΣټİ

Բ
ţ

ʲôð취𣿡
а

Բվ𣬽ָӣ취ں

ӣȻľ޷ˮУǾ취ѺĶŪ˱ƴһۡˣ

˱Ȼѣ嵽ӱ߿ʼ̺ˮĶ

ԲֽĻˣǡԼĻҲҪϢٴʯϷ

ǽ쾵Ѿʮˣձлܹٴлʱ䡣

ǰû

˵ԼҪ¶һΣѾ˽һ£ԼΪձ˱ǰӦøܰɣ

Բɫһתڿʱ롣

̫ɺϣȻЩ֡

֣ʱ룬ʱ塭취콣ڵĽ޴ˡ

*

ǰѾյճһֻľ޹ޣĥɱ

ԲϢҲ˻սĶ顣

Ժ޾Ͷ޹һ߱ɱжûʣ¼ֻˡ

ɷޣټЩ߱ɱ׿ޣ˶Ļ֮һıƫƫھУÿ塣

޹޺˲ʱ㱻һͷǴԡ

ѩźҡͷֻҲ鲻ֻ̽ѱʴգٹ¾ͻ˵Ҳ˰ֻӿ󶴳ҲŰգôô޳ˣ

һ޹ϵϣʼıǣʵȺ޵ʱҾ;Щ֣ѵͲãЩ޵Ӻ𣿡

죿˷׷׿һ

ҶЩ⣬һȻˣǳܾɽϣƲ֪ɷЩұң̨ծʱЩɥʧ־ĵ޶ᱻιʳֵҩúԴ󷢣޼һģһֻڼǰңͻȻͽɷⵤҩҲˡ

û뵽ʱԶ쾵ٴηַɷޡ

Щɻ󣬡ʦ˵Щ޶Ϊɷˣﲻ쾵־ĶôͻȻҲվȾôްɣƣ޶ڼһ𷢿ˡ

ǣΪ֮

ͷͬʱС

ڽ֮ѡ쾵ڣơѩȻ̾ںӵķ򣬡Ҳûʲôõİ취ˣӵޱҲ֪ںΣǹ֮ȹ۲һӦ˻ҽҲָʲôΣףˣõĽˡ

ҶͷӦ޹޵ļ׿ҲڴˣֻǻûºӣԶּͻȻһ

˲ϢһʮڡŰ׽۵ĵ޳ڽԲ˶档

ڡ

ӵĺȻǽԲ°ܽɽӡ

һֱվ۴ƣȻб



ԲҲڳֵĵһʱ;£һ

ɽһУʦ۴˷ܵĿɽӣĿԴһԾԾԡ
ʦ֣ǲǾᵽĽԲǸȻû

Է߸ˣʮˣܶᵽéɽľϻ٣ھԶڣŴȵıҲˣ

˼ɽҲ۴ս⣬̴̼һѡ
ʦ֣ͻƻҲͲһ֮ң뽫ӤڵһõĻᣡ

ǰһʦҲ˰ͣǽԲ츳׿𣬿ڣҲˣ˵˻ˣʱʱͷһΣմʦ㲻ϴˢɽϵı֮𣬻ٶһϻ٣Ǹʯ֪Ѷˣӵλûظ㣡

ԭǰڲ㷢һڶʱȺһŽ׵麻ȻһֲȴǼʯΪ׵ļҵӽɱ
Ϊ˼ڲĹѫ㣬˲㶯ɴһӣԼΪڣ˭õĵ˭Ϊ

ɽûþٴηһöϬˮΪڶһٶᵽéɽľŽײϣǲڵԶԶȣҲܶŵȨ֮λ

ɽֻ˼˲ⳤָ棬ѣû뵽ǻټ棬̫ˡ

ɺбҪ

վǰ˾ڹż״˸ԵĻָȥɽӣʦΣһҪѲɻٰһΣ

û뵽⻰һͼöʮ޳Χ˹

ԲΪɽѧˣҪȺû뵽Էȴһ֣¡
ȵȣҺͽԲ˽˶ԹͲôһˣԲҲҺٱһ

ɽȻȵڸɽʱҪţȻΪһͻƵĻӤڴԲΪ
ŶĽԲƶ·ʤա

֪ǡ
ԲʵҲлףԴǩԼȫ׸ʱ壬ææȥҲֻЩ

ƾһ㣬ԲҲ㹻ܴùɽӡ

΢΢ףзһۣԽԵۡ

Ѿ⸱ƭɽӾȻٴαƭˡ

ǰⳤѾΪ˵⿪ʼ⣬߶ʱһƬ

Բθ󲻽ʧȥԭеĹʣֹ֡



ⳡʤںéɽпѾע

ɽߵ֮⣬ȻҪȣټӵעɣ

áԲ΢΢һȻӮˣ˳ʮ⣬׷

ɽԹǣӮأ

Բüëʮִ󵨣ӮˣҪ㿪

⻰ŭɽӣһ̼ǰֽ˹
Ǿ˵ˣ




159.  159  Ŵ17   Ȼк󡭡

Ϊûܶᵽ, ɽ˱ͬȥڹ£ֱŴǰϦűų

ȻͬˣнԲĴȴѴ, Ϊ˴δ, ﰵﲻҪȻʯҲһ뿪

һҪ˿, ɽڵĴʦ֣Ҳһֱǣ

⽭ԲעҪΪ֤Լĵʯ

*

ɽӳ, ڿһδɢ, ˱ͽԲսһ

šƴƴҵĹڵһ޶ɶéɽһ, ȴɫ졣

͵͵ɽ, ѾӤڴԲ𣿡
һͷ, , һϢ, âȻƾͻҲֻһˡ
Ϊ͵ĳѩԽüѵҿˣЩڿе鼣ȣǹģ

ɽ, Ѹȴÿڳʱܻй¶鼣άԼĽӰΪֻڵĳѩˡ

Ϊ, ıȶУ˺ÿȫһǴֻ˷

жţںͽԲоȻйԼӰ

ɫüͷϷ

һѾ̲סҪЦˣɽӣڸɽ۵ʱЩɵôӿ󣬽СʦļȥȴзŵԺˡ˵ھͱͬȥڹ¶ţٳΪǴˣôӷעˮˣ

Сʦô򣬾Ȼй飬˶أɵá

ɽӣȻӲܾˡ

*

ʱ˿̣УΪԲɽӵĶѾл˿˰̣ʼҪҪע

ɽϧܣ˽ԲǸʱĽԲڣڻڡ
ټǰéһƽǰȻϽԲֻһʱ֪ЩĻ𶼾ýԲܡ

ϾɽӴӻڹ³Ժ󣬾ͼҪһˣһڣһڣô

еʹһȦսһѶע󣬻۵Ĵյéһƽߡ
éڶڰѹԲɽӵӮκνԲעѾѹһʮΪʦѵɿô

éһƽһɣۣҼҰԲô䣡

ǵ޼˶Է˳ĵҽңׯû̯λȴΪ֤ʮѺעȻҪԲų棬ôҲøʯװưɣ

ԲڷҰӰһҹΪֹδ˵ЩǮʲôˣһŵģéɽǮ
ҪˣһһʣЩׯء

ǵ̵ģȻͼéһƽȻӽͣͳһɫʯӣ

޴ˡ

¶ô꣬ͷһЯŰɫʯӵ

éɽҲ߯˰ɣ

ѲɽԲûǮ

éһƽģһԵĻЩˣֱӳɫʯӣʯѺעûˣ͵Բ쾵չضıһëͽܳųʱ򶼲ǮʲôʱԲ֮ǰǽҶô

éһƽһᣬϴ󲻿ˣҲǰԲĽңôԶã

ʵԲ֮ǰֹéһƽ˽ңԼĽʮƷʯŻá

ͽТǺ£éһƽôƤȥãǮŴȽԺԻ취ڽԲϡ

ڣûǮ

ŻéһƽƳǵޣ׷򣡡

Ǯǻóģ͵ԼĺˣéһƽǿŲ۾

ǵǮǴ֣éһƽƾЦеĿ𣬡ԲɽһսϵéɽڡȥͲʾʾ

Ҳ߯˵ˣһ飬˿ﶼûջȥĳɫʯӣ޶ôעģ

ǵɫصĵڶֻǼʮСڵĵӣǶƶ˽ԲҪ䣬ѹ˲١

üͷȻһʮ˵Щѹ˽ԲӮģЩ˭

ǵɹֻ͵͵ָͷָԶһŷֽĻķޣǶˡ

ѹԲӮģƷڵķޡ

𣺡
˵Բ¶ʱһֱƷڴסϵ治ȻøôǮ

ƷǰԼұŮҲŽԲҪˣǮҲǳˡ

ӽһɫʯӣһƷʯѹԲ͵Сӣ̧һ̧ۡ

û뵽ֻŵھȻ£ǵ޵۾޲ͣǴңҲбۣΪڽԲͶעߣˣҲܵûһƷʯĲպãʱȡƾ֤

˵ɴҶ֪û˭ȥᡣ

滰꣬ǵĹĵ˳ˣéһƽŨq(s^t)rһ
ͷҲΪҼҰԲӮ˰ɣ

ǶһֱΧӰʯȻ֪Բ񲻽ڣǸ˱ûõĻ˺ڡ

û˭éһƽ˽⽭ԲĻˡ

ȻǰʱѾкתļ󣬿ǰ̽ǻ˸ĺۼԵֻԭ

ƫƫԲô˵ԼԭĻôõģҲֻܸż

Ǹ뻯Ҳֻһ֮ңɽӣȷʤʲ

ֻϣԲҪ̫ܣ

*

ӰʯУԲѾɽӹá

˶̽˼δȫ

ɽӵⳤζЩ˵ԲȴԷ֮Ķ㿪

ʱȥԲȴδԽսԽ£ɫҲʼ԰Щǿ֮ĩ

ɽӼ״΢΢üͷ

αԲܣΪС
һУýԲƺ˲˻δָ׾ܴܡ

ʧܵľ¶ֻۣǲͣ̽ţ񿴵Բɫ԰ףҲʼãȷԼӮˡ

ԤУܰܽԲڵƿͻ᳹ͻƣ

һսֻʤܣ
ڱȶֱڣȻã

ɽӽʼĻĽԸԲ

*

Բȷ֧ţɽӻоѣĻڴˡ
һαҲչѵʦ˵˼ˣ

ټ̽ɽˣΪɷ¡

ȻˣǾûʲôӵˡ

ԲһٴαƿɽӣӰ˲ˣӱǰһɫ׵磡

ɽѸٳ۾ԲȻкУ

˵ôһֱûüףԭһ
ϧ˷

ɽ乴ǣһֱⳤķʯתֻˡһ˱㱻һɫķס

ԲϰļףǸû뵽һתɣ




160.  160  Ŵ18   Щʦᡭ

ɽӵΪתЩ΢ƸС

һ˶, ȴըס

תڷʸӡת֮һľˮ, , ɵ־᰽˪ѩ, ׵

ȻҲܵף

벻Ѱ󷨿̼ӳֵⳤϣһԲļ׾ͳûˣ

ĳѩתɫ, , ɶǰȴԣΧȻǵܡ

*

ﬣ

ԲѾٶȳɽӳ˹ȥ

ת󾹵汻˵, ˿ûܴɽӣ

Բһ˿ң̾Ҫ, ɽȴһջغȥ
Բ, ܣ֣

һϱٶȻӳĽ, ЩڵĽӰһʱ, ĽӦ

ν⣬Ϊ⣬ӰΣΪģ

ģģĽ⣡

ȥ

ɽһ, Բһָ

ʱը⣬ʵԲϮȥ

ԲСģ
ѿ㿪
Сʦ㵱ģ

Χľ, ɽӵĻĽ׷ڼ˵ĽԲ
ǰɫڣ⻷˶ޱȣ̵˶ʶ۾

ֻɽӣһ˲˲Ķ֮

ӰԲֻҪһУ޿վ

ƶĿŽһһİȥ⻷еĽԲҲڽɢһֵƱڵأǱѹ޷ˡ

Ӯô

ɽСһ䡣

Ӧһ£ش

ǽԲ

վˡ

ɫɲ԰ף˿ЩңҲ֪սгҵģǱ紵ҵġ

˫Ӵӿսʱһ˿ˮ⣬˿Ҳˡ

ʶ˱֪Ŀ⣬ֻǼͨһۡ

Բˡ
ɽӣĻĽ⣿Щ˼

мѾмѣȻǱģȴݣֻһ㽫᧿Σء

һȷֿײͶǶת󡢹âȻⳤȣһһأȫͬ

ɲ֪Ϊʲôսеɽȴоⳤϴһɪ֮С

Ľ飬Ȼں¶ͭ

ɽŭ⣬ԲδܵӰٶͷûеȣٽֱӳԲ˹ȥ

ʯ֮䣬ֻԲύ棬㺰һ

ȥ

ˡ

һɫĲƳɽӾȥ

һɫתɫԭ̣⾹޾Ƭ̺Ȼתڣɽӵ壡

ɽӶѾ嵽Բǰȴֵ͸ۣٽͣ˽Բǰ

һ˲䣬оʵʵڵɱ⡣

*

Բеˮ⾡ɢһ˿Ц⣬ɽӵĽ
ɽӣˣ⽣ٿһ֣ҵĶֱҪ

תôлˣֻоһƽ󷨣ܽס
˵ףֺγת󣬲˭ˡ

*

ʱ˿̣Զּ۵콣ͻȻӵľʾͣ¡

Ϊеĳеؽڸղţٴκͼˡ

򡭡Ǻ⣿

ǺòײŶ˺ӣΪٻȥ̽öŽ׺ѪͻṰˡ

콣Ѿ˲٣¶ˡ

ֻ˼һ˲ɳž֪ͨ˿ͬʦܣȥӰ̽̽ʵٴڸ˪ֶᱦ

ӿ󶴳һʱյžüһǺܲͷȵ¡

ȴҲֻüͷתɿӵķλ

*

ʱ˿̣ӰսܵɽӻǸֽӰվԭأһ

ԲӮˡ

һΣȻ׶ûжãڡ

ɽڣħ˲ʶԽҪԨ

ɾڴʱҪ뿪ĽԲͻȻͣһ䣬ɽӣ֪Ϊʲôô

ɽкɢˣһ˿ĴſʵΪʲô



ΪĲ

Ϊڣ޵ǽȴûĽģҲûνͨ

ζԵУÿһζ˴ѹûᡣ

ʵ֮սʼкüλ֣ȴƫƫΪľԥ
ָ˽취
ɽʵѾǿˣڽԲԵйЩһ⣬ǿġ

ɷֻΪ

ϧ࣬ٽһҪģԶǽ˶ѡ

ĲɽʶȻ˿Ϊ仰ٶȶȴѰٺҴܡ

ΪѾжս⣬ŻһѪ

һ޼״׷ǰȥˡ

߻ͬԱߵĽԲȴɫ԰ףòײźҭһ䣬ߡ

ȻɽжԼǰܺö˶˵վ

ڸղţսֵһ˲ԲͲԼڵĻƺҪˡ

ڵ£ֻ˵ߡ֣˸Ͻ뿪

ǰòżԲһʱµʵ飬¶ۼĿԲߣɫҩƷԲιš

Ѿڽ׳УûгףԲվȥ

˶Ĺûںˮֻͣһ˲˳£Էɿٶб԰ȥ

ֻԶԶʧں֮ϣþδ

*

һվĩβĵޣǴãתߣȴֲ֪ʱһžľϣһĿĽޣͬá



ĿȴһֱҰ޶ϵΣУΪԷҪ𹥹ʱȴֻ΢΢תͷԾĳȥ

ǸǽԲһ뿪ķ

*

ͬʱУѾըˡ

Ӯľ棬û뵽ɽӾȻ䣬ССѹ˲ʯĵЩƵٴδĳéһƽΧ˹ȥ

Ȼ빫˽

ϧéһƽ߻иڵĻţһŭĹͻһۺֻ뿪ˡ

éһƽЦ̵üѣڿޱڵĻԺ̲סƿڴЦ

ðҼҰԲţ־ֶܰʦ۽簡

ĵüۣ˼ԼΪԲ׬һʯҲûˡ

Ҳ㿴ˣԲ˵Ƿ־ᶨһСĥСѻסչ˻صľû

ѹסϲɫǮĵٲȻ͵صĲ𣬾éһƽЦȥԼӮʯʱȴͻȻиĳǳ˹

ôõʯȻ˱ֽԲéɽڣҪţǶú

ǵЩ־񣬱оڳĺں·

éһƽͻԣȴѾԸٶȽǱһס

콣ڵ

ڵڣȴѾǵ޲䣬һ

λޣٻȴӼž쾵еɷ޻УͼҴȣΪӦϣӽ𣬷ڷݷŲ飡ˣȫƺ󣡡

*

ӺˮļԲڹ˳񵴵ٶȳϵĿ죬Ȼ˽˹׵ķٶȣȴȻƫԤϰλ쫷

쫷з𣬶Ϊĵ޼䲻ѺãѩɴƯ

ֱҲ˺˪鲼ĳźͼ˿Ž׿ߡ

˪ֵˡ

*

˪ֳеĳޡľϲ˪

Ȼô쫷ֻҪЩġ

ϰ»ů

ԲΪ˶ȱ쳣ֻƬ̱ٿأԡ

ԼоԼʦܱţǽһѨҾڳ󷨽С

ѩʦԲĻôͻȻôˣ¶ʱʦǲ˵ںת𣿡

̽ٴȡö굤Բ¡

оڵʼָԲ۾ʦ㣬õңҾǣЩˡ

λˣûѪɫȴһαһβ԰ףҲһαһκĵÿ죬۵׶һ˿֮ɫ

ЩʦĽ֮ɫ
Ҳӻ⣬ȽȲˡ

ԲԼ壬ɫųЦݣʦ㣬Ҷˡ

ѩз⣬û˵ʲôֻ˵ͷ㼱ȥѰٹȵɱתȴĴ¡




161.  161  Ŵ19   ŵ

ڶЪ˰ʱ, ȽԲϢ˳³

˪ߣվ֪ʲôʱʼƮСѩԽԵ, ޱߡ

˪ϡ, ְȫ࣬˴һѩԭ, ͼʾÿѩ֣ǹȥѩȷ귽λʹŴһ·򶫣ѩԭķ

Բͻظڶ, Ԥеĳּһۡ

, ôˣؽģǷʲô½Բε

Բҡҡͷ, ջߣû, ӦǴ, ߰ɡ

˳ӶµٶȺܿ, ھи, Ҳܴ쫷һ·˪˵м仹иӵš

*

ڵ˵Զû뵽ѩԽԽ󣬲յ蹦߾ͱܼȼ͵ѩǰ·ڵ

ѩ̫, һɡ˸һҲѩЩܲסˡ

ȻöԸҰޣȴҪʱʱ̳̿Ż巨, Է˪֮ϮټѩԽԽ󣬻÷̽ӣѹС

ǰһƬ֣ұɴѰһֶ£ЪϢ

ֻǲЪƬ̣˪ѩԶоͻȻֳһ޴Ľɫӡ

Ƿӡֻһ۶֮⣬һԲ˳
Ʒڵ

éɽںƷнˣϧ쾵ͱ͵أղŵԼ档

ѩôƷڻǰض·

ȥѩ

ҷ׷׵ͷش˳Ի̡

ƹѩɽºڿǰƽԭڻŹӶ顣

һǷͷƷڣһ۵ڣӵңĶӣҰ

ӷޣʮڣʱַ߬ʣվĿͨ죬Ȼͷ

ѩĴ˸ƣٴο׼Ծͳְæ

*

֪ԼаˣɫĺڴͷĹҰš

ϴŴȵʱͺ͹ҰйԼҪڴʱٱһ

ƷӮˣھ͵ð֪ǡ
ƷڰˣǾҪڽıڣ¡

ాôãΪ˽ճͷ

ͬʮˣƷѾʮˣӮˣƽʮˣֻҪʣµʮӮⳡĵĽҲͳˡ

ĹҰֵһǰĮҴỵ̂Ʒڵı¾ôЩôôôãܴĶûУֻʣʮӮӰʯǰô˿ţҪȻҸЩӣͱȵ

һЦأҼȻȣֻܱȱǡʦܣһ

ǣǰȡԼֻаƳ̵Сɷʡ

ڵ׳˶޺ҲʶԼб۳ľͷʣЦһһǾ᰽Ǯôôû㻻ƷʸòϴһһЪ˰ɣ

һǸ˵ģԾֻǺƣq(s^t)rҪλǰϸʶ飬ϱķˣһҪڰܵĳ׵ף

ƾ͵ƣ
Ѳɻһ䲻ɣЦ
׳˶ϴЦת˱ʶƬ̺ڷֽϻһŸ߽׼Ʒĳ

һq(s^t)rq(s^t)rģûпʼ

Χ۵ڷ޶̲ס͵Цˡ

ҲֱʱһתƳķʣʼڷֽϻ

ֻ£ĹҰͱɫüġ
֮ıȻǸ߽׵Ʒܲһɣ

ڹҰŵУһ̵ĻͻһƷ
һȻձʱ϶Щ΢ȽڰոһϤĽɫġ
ŵޣɣĸ߽׼Ʒĳ˭ǿЩ

⻹˵ôƷڵĲ֮أ͸߽׷޾ܻĳȻǰǿЩ

ڵ׳˶޶ʧܣʾԵĻ˻ȭͷֵˡ

Ʒڣʤ



ԶΧ۵˵ĽԲʦּЩû뵽ԭųġ
޴Ҳ̫˰ɣ

ǻҪȥæ𣿡ԿڣȻʵǳѩȴ͵͵˽Բ
Ʒڵգ̫ˡ
Сʦý̵ô

Բ֪Ŀ졣
Ƭ̺ѩʦɵĵȵȵȣ˵

*

ԶһСɽϣʱҲѩΧⳡ򶷡

һ·ŽԲΪ̽û뵽ȴһΪƽƽȴ˵ķ޳֡
ѲƷҲ˷ɷˣû׸

һ˫۾ϸϸƷڳÿޡ

һ֮ĶͶʼͬõķʳ̲һΪҲǧȴһƳڵΪ治

˵ʱڻˣĹҰѿˡ

ʱһҲɴ۾ҪԷǲʹʲôֶΡ

ֻʱȥƷڵķ޾Ѿ˵

ûж໨˼ֻһƷǾ׼ĸּƷ

ˣ

֮࣬ҰȴҲ۲Щ֮ͬ

Щޣ־࣬ǽѿƨĻϰȫĵˣֺƣͬζ

ˣǾȻ˸˰ַָѵͲܷй𣿡

Ƥŵļȣ붼ڶƷڵĵӸ츳׿ָֻ̣ʮܻƳٹãҲϡˣ

ţƤģǺȥƫƫҰ粻ڣ

ⳡȷӮˡ

ǣΪ֪֮ܽλô
Ҳͷϻиڵ϶أ
Ȼס͸Ƕ֣ȼģ

ֻǡǵȰ취̽Ų޻ԼоĿ̷գǱиˣ
Ҳ֪ʦǲӰʯǰΧ飬̳ȥѰǴܣȵȰڣǿɾ绢ˣ

ô

ۼȷѾ˶ʮһʮߣҰֱӻֺͣѣرˡ䣡ڲԶѩԭģһѩвš

ڵķԷ׷ϲɫ֣Ҿָǡ

ƷѸѩԭȥ

ɫͣԭأǻûܾ˵ʵ

ҰǶЩɥʧ־ŭһôʦǵıñǻãѩԭںѩɽҲбѾȫˣȫ뿪˵ء

ѩɽͨǣŸɽγѩѣһڷ޷״ʦֵĸ߼ֳϲɫȡԶݷϣѸ뿪

*

Բֱ˿̲ŴӰ

һҡͷҸջƷڵķǳˣתͷͱ˴ӡɵӣһĴ

ԲѾһžѣ֪ԷԴðճԣһȥ

Ͼѣܲܿǵɡ
ֻ˸Сɽ£Բٴθо˸١

عͷȴʲôû

ѩԭΣأȵڽβ;ˡ

ʦ㣬ȹȥ뿴ǲǻڸñǴǹ

ãԲСЩҪȻûƵѺһȥɣҲһˡ

ȽԲܾؾӦһ
ððҲĽһȥ

Բ

аɣŵȷöһ׼




162.  162  Ŵ20   Դɷ 

Բͻض뿪ٴ, һԶء

Ƭּ̺䵱һ˴תǰ뿪ĳѩ˷

ͳѩһ, , Ȼ˶۹ţöɽȴýԲȻֳΡ

ʦ㣿, û£ô

˪ûϵԲȻڶ˶ˣҵĽ, һ䡰ϴˡ, μĶߡ

غͽԲֱԣҲ˹ȥ



˪ƺΪϤĵΣ֮ľ롣

ڽԲΪԼҪ׷˵ʱ, ǰѩȴͻȻһĿĽޣס˳ѩȥ·

ʱ롣

˪ʱ, ȻȼԲΪ, ת㳯ɽɶݶȥ

ʱҲδ׷ų˪ȥ

, ʱôͻȻ׷Ŷʦ㣿
Բͷһ˼ͷ, ʶһ䡣
ʱǰҪ׷ˣ

ʱԽԲĳƺ޶ݣȻŲδͣ׹ڳ˪ɽϱȥ

ԲͷԤԽأҲ˲ڻδƽԻ경Ȼ˳ʱԸٶȳ׷˹ȥ

׷¶ʱʱ뽫ϸ, Ҫָʦ㣡

У
ԲһԾ㱼ȥ˳ǰ

ʱɫδɫȴ䣬ֻ˵һ䡣
ÿ

ãԲβɨѾʼĶʦ, ɴס
Ҷʦ㣬㲻붯ȴ˵

ʱ뾹濼½ԲĻȻ;ٽԲ˹

˪л̲סһԲСģ

Բͷɬʱʦ㣬ߣȥʦǣҶܵ㣡

˪µ۾ɼҡҡͷԲҲܣܺһº޹أһжԼģǴģԻḺ𣡡

˵ЩתͷͶȥգʧѩ֮У

һ׷Ļų˪£ʱüĽԲһ±̽˹ȥ

ϧ±ϾֻһĹצӡǡ

Ѿˡ

ʱͷ΢ŭòץ֮˾Բŷˣŭתͷȴ˻صһ

ѣôˣ

ֻղŻļ׵ĽԲͻȻ˻ӣҡҡλεԹȥ

ǰס㷢ֽԲ˵Ϣʼڿ굤ǿѹƵĻҲƺٶȱʼѪ

ȣȿȡ

ưõѩƬ¶Ĵ򶷺ۼɿȥȴȻ׷ϽԲѪٶȡ

ǰµѩء˳㱻ɺתѪ󣬿ʼֲ˴ˡ

ʱ뽣δգɫδ䣬һƬѪɫŨ֮أȻɸɾ

·ԲѪȣҲںصĺؼ䣬ֻԽԽѩʶɸǴһСǰ·

ʱתҪ뿪ʱһƬѪѩͻȻƮϡ

ž

ԺؼŴĸоƬѩ·ɿȥǵȾѪɫҲ˺ۼ

ԲӦûٳԲ굤ѪҺƺһɵҩеζ

ʱ΢΢ü

ֻǲ굤ζΪʲôЩϤ

񡭡ܾúܾǰŵ

ʱתŲͣ£˶ƱѪ۴ʵ

ԻصĺŴ
ԲѪҲƳӣһôϡ

ȡȿȡ

*

Բزܵ¹Ѫͷ̹࣬|һĲҺЦ¡
Ƶѣûˣ˱ʱͻѪǰֻЩû°ˡϰ¾ͺá

Ѫϰߣ

رοĿЪһٶȺԲݺݶ˶
ԲˣΪҪأɲүү˵ˣڶľ֧ԺתͶ£ʦأúúûţ

ʦã

ԲЦһ
ƵѣҼǵѾʮ˰ɣéɽйأСͽͲܹʮ꣬ʦǲˡСһ֣ҹʦʦӦò

زˡ
ʲô˼˵Ҳ䵱ʦãֻܵʦֶ𣿡

ŭĵ򽭰ԲȴֶԷ͸Լ
תͷȥŷָղŻվԶʱ룬֪ʲôʱὣվԼ

ëըˣʶͳ̳߱ʱָȥʱ룬㣬ʲôǿɶɷޣ

ʱŽֽ˽ԲϢȸղŻͲ٣Բʵ˺һûʲô

⻰ٴǰ򽭰ԲеޣⷨϢ

Բϵ˿ѪɫǣôҲͻһ𣿡

ʱ΢ͷΪĿҲֻʶԼĽɨһ顣

磬ϸָʦʱ֣ҲΪ졣

콣Уʲôϵ

ʱԽգβŵصֻȻû£Ҿˡ

ԲҪת׷һ䣬˭

ʱȴֻǽŲ΢٣δش𣬶ͽʣɽ

˶һֱ̱һС

Բ΢΢ͷסؿڴĻ

ڸղţĳһ˲䣬Ȼֻжˡ

ѵǰҲ쾵

쾵ڣײʲôܣĻ֮˽ͽȴٳٲıѵڵʲô

лѾлʮգȴûյǵĴѶ

ѵ콣Ҳô

*

ӰʯѩʱҲȷ罭Բϣ׷£ҳһš

ΪͻȻֵɷޣڶѾסڰŲеޡ

ץɷȾĵĵޡ

µ˶᧿ΣĸԼһһķ±ɷȾΪ

Уȴһޣڽߺ޵ĶЩŲĽڽޡ

ǰһҲȥѪʱڱԼһ޿˹ȥ

޴ȻԴɷʶΪԴǱ˵߹ˣŪ

һ˵һȻΪں·֣˾Ȼֱӽ˻ڣ

ǸޣֻлӤڣ

ȻѾԵľٽԱһͽ飬ֱֱ˦˳ȥϣ֪

ϳݣ㵳
Ǯ㲻Ǳ°ôôɷȾӻ굤ڽ˻ڣ

굤ڵڣɲͨĽףҪ֪мǸһӤںСأ

޶ΪĻȡ

ǮԺ˿ȥЦǵ涼һ˵ɷǶǾ͵ǶЦ˼ҹǱǧ꣬͵͵ΪУ׬Ҵҵǵã˾ȻǮЦǺЦ

Ǯʲô˼ʲôйǽΪУɷͻǣһȾõ޳Ϊһʬ⣬¡᰽УΪɷʬ£˭˲֪˭˲²ħ˰ɣ

ǮٶȹЦжȻһ壬ɷѹƻȥΪҲ»ص˻굤ڡ

ݵ쿪ۣת˼Ȧǿۿʬ𣿲һ׹ˣڴˣ±ǿΪҵȶлᴥĹǵȻһѹƣѰɣѰɣ£⾪ᰣҪˣϾҪˣ

˵⻰ȡһݺڵϣ

䣡˲Ͷ˶ҲѺۡ

˻عʱǮѾʧ١

뿪ĵطȴһɫ

н޼Ҵҵȥգһ֮ȴֱըˡ

бֱӸֳһƪ֡

Ϊ׺ȻǼ֡

Դɷ




163.  163  Ŵ21   иջá

ôԴɷôͻȻ˱

һƬɧ֮ʱ, ǵڣڡڡٻλҲһͷ۲ѡ
³ɷһ˱, ֻǱƽնչ, 鲻ֻϧ˷

Դɷ, ĸǰͬµĻܺڵõĹ֮һ

ǻܺеĶȫɷйأԴɷ, ɷоɹɷԪƷ, һƪŵ޷ʳɷԪֵĸͻᣬ飬ֲ, ֮ĺ

ȻԴɷ˵ߵΪͬʱʶ𣬿ɴЩоɹ, ɹ߲ʮ֮һ, Ǹܴӻ굤ڽڵһ, ǷëǵĴڣ

ڵͻȻ, ֳΪָʹҪǿԴɷϢˣеʶԴɷΣԣ

һ˱Žҿʼ±ȻֻһƬ˼

м˾᰽Ϻŵ, ֻҪ˵ǷҲͲ̫ˡ

ýͬѶųȥˣת, ԽЩϵͼҲȥһģӦѹסơ
ңüɫԼ

ͼǧԵͷҲֻˡ

ͼתᵽһ£ǰŴѶӵȾɷ־񣬱콣ڵʱһᴩӤΪɥѾѺ쾵ȴáӦҲ˹ƻ󣬰ϰԴɷһɣڸڲѾвٵ޶ڰϰ˷ˣҪͷ۵£

ŴɽȥĶǸΪĵӣɷ޲ڶУֻΪʤãͼЩӲ죬ڽܵ

ǧվ£ɷ޻ȶ飬ЩǾ̫ΣˣУҪȥǴ

ǧȻںңͣĳȴΪŷչ׳󣬵гɡ

ңǸΪȨΪͷβ˽֮ˡ

ǧңЦһǽձЩµģҲ̫ż˰ɣӰʯ񲻶úõģӣҪΣ˳֮λô

ŴȲŽ˰£ھ˳쾵ͬ

ǧ侲һٻͼ
أ

ͼһµӡ

;üģʵҵõ쾵вǻ¡Ͼ쾵ԿУһֲԣʱƿرáʵԴɷǾû⹦һɶ鷳𣿼ǽΣ˵ˣѵֹЩĻҵĵȥ𣿡

ȭ߬ΪֹƳ磬Ϊҩ޴⣬ܵУͻȻܹܳٳɹԴɷΣԣҲв˻ᱧŽңгԣһЩ˳ڵλãػܵв

Ǯ˵

⾪᰽磬Ҫˣ

*

ǸϿգѾա

ǰǽԲлٴлʱڵ⣬ΪλʹýԲ쾵ץУ

û뵽ԼһȾ͵ա

ͬڣֵ֧ǼһҲ䣡

ͷٴλ⼸ĴԴɷ

̫ҪһΪˡ

˼¶ģתڵĸϿա

¼չѾʮΪĵӡ
ҲܲµóЩӰ˳ɶйԴɷҺпܾͬĸ

ҵǵĸˣټһ֧֣㹻ڵĴ֮λˣ

ʱزڵ֮λˣ

尴ס¼һ֣ȥعŵǸٹ

ǣ

*

쾵Уʮŵǻ֪ʱ˿̵Ѿҡ

Ƕڶȡϵĵ·ϣԺս

˪֣ѩԭڵķҲ̽ѩԭ״̬

Բ쾵¾Ѿλˣһӣͱظ״ǿаںϢ

öʦ£ҲûҪôʹҽͣһҲá

Զʦѩ̽ѩԭڵĺڸѩԭڵޡ

ԲʶɨһȦȴû䡣

һ·һ죬ָָԶɽ
ɽǰʦֱһѷޣ˵ҪȥܲѵһŽ׵ĺѪҵԺ͹ȥӦء

û뵽Ҳ˿ˣȻܴӣǰϲڣӿѧ˼ڹʱһƷڡ

ԭҶѾ֪ĵԼóеΡ

Բɫ³Ƴ˶
ʵӦҲԼΰɡ
ԽԽأҲүھʱûʣˡ

*

һڷ޷˰չ򣬺ò׽ѩԭڵĺѹƣȴвϰѩ
Щѩ̾ںףѾ֦ӣֻǽǳǾͻһ־綾ıǻסҪѰûôˡ

ͳѩƬ̺󣬴ŻسԲ
ѣѩɽбļѩԭڵİѩֱԤϵϰ꣬Ҫʱһ𵽶ѩɽɽѩѹһѹ

ѩԶͷȻҲӦˣԲͻءһѩɽ

ⳡѩƼ󣬴ӳѾգѩɽϵɽѩҲȷʱԤϵǰ㣬᧿Σ䷢ѩ

һ·ߣһ·ƽɽѹѩƣȵɽʱһ͹ѩ峯˹ȥ

ѩһ·УǣɻѩѣֻƬ̱ѩɽɽһѩ֮ƣɽ¹ֿ񱼶ȥ

˶ʱѩƽɽסˡֻҪ¶һƽɽ󣬱ȡյʱ䡣

ɾڴʱǰһɽͷĵطȻڿըһ޴Ľɫ

̱ɫ
ʦܵķˣһбҲѰҺѪѣʣµ󷨻Ҫͷˣҵȥȱˣ

Ѿȡݷڼ֮⣬գ۹ʧУٶȿƼ죡

ԲԺлطŷŶݷľ˼
ƽո·õĶǼٷɷŷȴǴͷݻҲƷڵĲ֮ء
Ƶ󷨣ڹϼ١
оһĶݷǸ·Ӧþ͸ʡˣ˵һܱ޸ϵء

ػ֪µĽԲΥ˳˼

溩ѩɽͷƽɽ۵ĺܰ

ȵȥͨҲĵòˣҡҡλ߻ؽԲߣ󴭴
ѣңľˣЪһ

Բ˳ֽ»Ƶķĵû£Ъˣиջõݷֻ߶һ¾ܸ·Կ

մֱվĻأ

̾һ޿Ľӹݷĵٿж죿ȸ·

һ룬˾ʧԭء

Ƭ̺ɽ²Ŵ˻󾪺

Բ

ٶȲԤڡ

ԲͷȡԼǷݴ߶Ҳ˲ʧ
Ƭ̺ɽ

á졪
ô죬ôҰ




164.  164  Ŵ22   û˽ң

ѩԭ, Ĵѩɽһ·ͣ±㼲һʦ, ʦ, ʶӸȥ֧Ԯʦܣѩɽˣ

ںϺͰʦͣ, պúŷԶѩɽ񱼶ȥ

ǸʧƬ̣ϾȻӰɽĽԲͻء
ʦ㣡ɽϵѩѾס, أǲѾȥԮˣ

һƬž, ѩʶĶԣȴûѹ, ǸߣʣµѩֻҪСվܴ, Ҹջŵɽ, Ҳһȥ

ֻҲ̫Щ, ΪԺ, ԲͻصٰʱԺ
Ȼǰų֣Ϊʲôɴһɽ

ԲûжѩɻΧɨһۣµѩȷʵһ룬ĵͷȡŷ˳ѩ͸һС

ʦ, ʦܣƳݷٶȻ, ʮΣһǾ·Ӧü

ԲѾûͻʲôˣѩܵĽݷ𣬺һ˸֪֪

һȫڴ
ҲҪ⼸˱ݷŵӣ

ԲѾߵһԣ৵ֻƳŷ˾ڹŸԷһź˸ŷʧԭء



žડз޽Χọ̈̄𾪵ĵһķҲ˹𾪶˵ϡ
ʦܣʦܣҺֻþˡ
ǸԲպúڻƴʦֵĶؼƷݷ
ǿֲ̫ӦǴɣٶҲ̫ˣȴʦֵƷݷˡ

*

һߣݷȻ֮ĳ˪һͣºϱ׷Ȼˡɫ

˳ĸȴûҲûȱ飬ʧ
ٵѣѣѵͲ𣿡

һȻһЦ㸧ƽ³ĸ֡
ϰ߾ͺá

Ļأ
Ҳϰߣ

*

ͣ·ʱĿĵصѩɽϣѪɫߣ

һͷƷڣ޳ִʣŷʮڡ

һֳֳ콣ڣΪ׵ǽڴʦ־죬࣬ʱҲվһԣԹۡ
Ȼֻʮޣ³ˣɴΪӤڣ׳˶ӰڵƷڣȻʤһ

ǱΪܹȡʤȴЩȴҪǮһ־һǱͣѪɫ
Ƭ̣꺮ѪɾҪʢˣѵժȡʱ䣬ҩÿʱۿۣήף

취Ͻͷɽ

һƳһΧ۵ʱ룬
ʦܣæô

ʱ룺

ҪȻǣȥժѪ

ʱ΢΢üѪɫˮŽᣬһȾϾϴɾˣ

ˣСżǸëã⻹ѩµİ˿뻻㣬֯һ׵ĻвУ

ѩ˿֯Ͷɵĳۼ״˳Ҳã쾵ҲǶеһ˿ʣʱ̾ʹӦ
С

˶δ񣬺ϱһˮȻʱͶѪɫС

죺

ˣʦ֣ˮˣķ޾ŵĽһû뵽һǰӵȴ޷Ӧ

Ƿ˼ĵɴ۾һָͷ档

ž
桰ˡ

һڷޣ
ԭʦҲѾ͵͵ºˡ
ʲôʱȥģǶ֪

ԭ붯ֵľ״Цһĵá

˽ȥܺùһ˽ȥ
ԼʦܻǺŵģϾ򲻹ʱ룬ҲܻƳʦҲﲻ

쵱ڵļԭصȽ

*

Բ˶ѩɽɽʱľĶų

Ʒڶ콣ڣȻܴƽ֣ȣ˲űиаѩһȺɨһۣ֣ôѣ

ԲҲȺɨһۣ콣ڡ

治ڡ
ǸʱҲڡ

ĿתͣѪɫԵһʯϣ˲׹
ʦ㣬ӦºˣгԻĺۼҺͻƵҲȥǵȷǹѰǣΣ

ҲãӦʱûʲôˣСЩ*

ԲͻǱԻ󸽽󷨻ЧѪɫ
Ƭ̺ںˮѰһ˻ֵĶѨ˳Žȥ

Ѫڼ֮أȴƫƫϲ𣬶˽˶Ѩһ·ߵͣܿݵһѪɫİȪ

ѪɫһȪѪɫʯѻ£׾ȻҲͨȪͬ˲ѪɫʯΪͨ磬ڶѬڣ̫·

Բڵշȣʶ͸Լ˸û뵽ӡһѲûбɾð߲ѣʱɫ
Ƶѣ㻹µѪɫˮȻһȾϣͨľãҾʣһˣ֪Ͳˣɫܿʲôӣ

ؿڣɾҡͷѣҲʣһˣѣžͺŰɡ

Բ
ô
û˽ңһ·Ҫˡ

˳СѪɫȪƬ̣ĵ·ͷ¶ԽԽߣ˵ĿĵؾҪˡ

Ȼĳһ˲ǰеͻȻʣ¶һƬҽĹСҵؿӳ

ҵؿӵм䣬һѪɫˮСӣһͨѪŵ΢ͷǴĿ꣬Ѫ

ҵˣغͽԲϲ̵Ķһۣ漴üͷ
ԾǶˣôûĶ

ԲһָһڣȻǾŽ꣬һްѰ˳ȥˡ

е޾Էƣ˪еҲò˶١
Ըĺܳ
ԲûԭأȻһ͸Ͻ֣Լ˳Ŷ˽ȥȥ档

֮һԵʱüġ
ȳشתͷ˻ֳԲʧĶͣ˻ųˮѪɫȥ㡣

뻨аӵʱ䣬ڰڻؾժ߻
վתҲǶ׷˽ȥ

*

Բ붴ͷֶڱûȻԭΪΧɢıʯס˶һ¶ȡ

޲ϲȣѨ֮ޣѩɽϵƷ֡

Բأпٶ˺һһз˫ͷЫս棬ߺһ

ѣ㣡

һ·ʱüͷһ壬Ҫγļ콣ֱ˻ȥ漴һĬһԡ




165.  165  Ŵ23    ڣ

˫ͷЫ, ;˶ؿӱһռûʣطʮֳ, Բ, ӳһȼЫͷ˺ϲɫ
ѣ̫ʱˣ, ǣסͷҰұ߶жˣ˫ͷЫˣ

ãԲ˵־Ƴһ˫ͷЫ״һԣ

˫ͷЫԭҪӮ, ȴŮ޵, ŭɶġ˻һƬͷһĲұ˶ҺҪ

Բ̾, Ҳ֪ôģղŻͨ˳ڴʱٶ, 漴ؿһѪӿ, ۡľ˳

óĻҲʧִԱߵϣ

䣡

ͻȻ, Բز, ɫ󾪵¾ҪժĶҳ˹ѣСģ

ͷ˫ͷЫײҲǡڴʱǽ˶ͷһɶصɫĶҺ

ѷԵǿսԱȻʱ潭ԲסΣգԼҲΪǿݶ, ˿̱Һһ˻£ֱֱŽԲȥ

ŽѪѹµĽԲعͱ͸֧˵ʵʵٴѹϡ

, ĿһתһͻȻתģ·졢ĿĽޣ

ʱ롣

Ȼ

*

ʱؿӺͷųԼʶ䲻ȴܸ֪ڽԲϢһüӦö˲ˡ
Ƕ˫ͷЫҺڶݵڣϧ˶̱ڵأõĽɱᡣ

һ˲䣬ʱ΢΢ü

еǶȡѪ
ˣͶẮѪĵˡ
ɲ֪ΪΣ뿪Ľȴζڵϣֶʶĳ콣ˡ

ԭʦ˵ģԽģ
Ȼˡ

ʱͷ΢תĶһջӳһǰ״սҪ˵Բϵ˫ͷЫһΪֱ죡

ٶҺӿӶͳһѷУȡһܵʱ䡣

ɻûγ֣Լͱ˴ӺƷԱߣһ´ĿޣֽԲ

Ѫ꣬ҲԻ񵲿һԡ

סˣˡ
ǣԲ飿лǱô쵽޶ģ

Բ磬ȻȴЩܿƵĲš
Լȥ˲ʶ飬Ҳ֪Ϊʲôʱ״̬ԽԽɴһ˹ȥ

δ㿴Բε˻ʱȴٽ
ж

˭˫ͷЫսʮأ϶ôɣ
ж⣬ҲܷЩģ˾թ
֣һ˦ע⵽ʱĲ䡣

ûơ

飡

ȵȣ콣ڵĽޣſѣлˣֻԲѣȡѪ
ٶȳûʱԼĽһĿ㽫ԲԼߣشඵҩƿι굤ȥԲϢɼƽһٶȿĽޡ

ղϴˣȻ콣ڵĽޣӦҲժѪİɣҲ򲻹㣬㻹ʲôЦ𣿡

ԲϢ˳תѣÿʱ뻺սģ
üģǶǶ˼Ϊ͡

ĳ˰ӣѣ˵ˣҪޣǸղŶˣȻ˫ͷЫˣǻһȥѪ￴ɡ

Ҳ֪ʱʲôʱģ콣ڻ˸ţش˿ǲ

۾ĺ壬ҪɽԲ̤̤ģԼҲЩã뽫Բ

߿ʱȻת˻һ˿ɲľᡣ
Ҫæ𣿡



ܾԲȴҡҡͷڵѣˣͲҪˡѣ鷳һ𣿡

ǽޣ׳Ҳ͵ȫһεġ
ֻһűνԲ

ջشߣߵǰ档

ûԲʱסһȻûͷһĵԲࡣ

ʱ۶ɴཫԲû뵽ˣԲǻɴ࿨ߣ档
ȻȥڷţʵϽԲȶҪôˡ

Բ
ѣѾöˣɣԼߡ

Ѿ̽࣬ñֶ֮ľ룬ȥҪˡ

ʱ΢΢üĿȷԼߣ

ȷ

ʱ̽ŽԲŵϣȻ£һȷվסˣɿֱۡ

ԲѾӶȡһö굤ѹͷ£󲽴ʱľ롣

ʱûĵطü۽
ԭЩͻȻ⣬ʱйء

Ŷ֮ľڵָԽԣԲйɫּ̽󷨣ȻøЩ

Ѱ˸Դɴȡһöʯ󷨸˸Ĺڲ䣬˵״̬ɼĺת

ǰڻͷ̽۵ʱ򣬽Բɫָ糣ˡ

Ųѣ˿ǹ죬һ뻹ѪһͻˣҪѪӣҶҪΪڿˡ

ԲЦЦѾͱȡЦˣԣԸûˡ

¶δ棬вٻ˵һһ߶߶

ʱڶȻԲı飬ȴҲܸоϢɢһɶøо
ܷĵˡ



ԭڵ¶ô˰֮ǰţֻΪǰ䱾Щ¶ҵü
ѣڷйעЩʧٵӵϢ˵Ƕһҹֵ֮ģɵ棿

µȷģҵҲ鲼ΧСУЩʧʱϢֵʱҲĺܣͷβû˷ֹ˵ȥڼʱ־вͬˣǲǵԼȥĶʲôаԵĺܡ
ô

Բŵʱ뿴ۡ
ʱ뾯̧ͷɽԲѾջߡ

*

ʱ˳ͽԲƵĲӣòһصҿС

ػһԶš

ѪɫеĺѪֻʣһ㳹ʢˡ

Ϊˣ㣬ټϸղŻʱȹϴĵʱ룬Ʒڲ֪ͼˣѪøˡ

ʱŲһ٣Ҳߡ

ݺݵһۣûз

ղʱɱ˫ͷЫһĻ÷Լȷ򲻹ûˣѪҲ
нڣǾͲһˡ

ϧʱ룬һȾͽԲ˶Է飬Ҳٳˡ

ѪɫеĺѪһ˲ڻһҶ
˲ͱһѪֱʣµѪɫأٴοʼ

ڣѪڳˣ




166.  166  Ŵ24   Ƕֵġ

Ѫȫʢ㿪ʼһµѪˮ, ĵѪظʣժȡʱ

ʱѾϻڲ, ׼ժ

ɴҶû뵽, һ˿ѪѪպȴһ㾧Ө͸ı״ѪΧ, С

ʱ봥ȥûƿ磬ĺЩˡ

ԭѪġ, Ǻ˼طŽԲ, Ȼ

״ǺٺһЦԲ˼۾

Ѫһɣк, 鱦ԴĽ磬ܱƿ, ٵ㡣
ȵ, ΪûԼһݹ͡
Ȼʱ, ˫ͷЫҲǱĥĽ, ࣬ôܸĽѪȫˣ

Ҳúȿǣ

ǰʱأ̽Ƭ̣ͣ

ˣ̴, ⺮鱦ԴĽ磬ܱƿģû취, ýԣҲܰ׳ҪѪɣвУ

ʱԳתͷޱת˻ȥ

м콣ƾһָһ˿ĺɫĻ棬Ծڽ֮ϡ

Ȼⱦ澪ˡ

ͺѪͬΪ鱦ˣȻܹڵ⺮硣
Ҫʤһ

ò⺮Ѫˡ
ʧ

ߵĽԲҲڿɫȴǲ¶ۼסඵ
𣬲ǺĿǣҲϢʱõĻ֡
ϢѬգҲһ˿ԣоϤĻ֣Щ֮ɫ

ʱɲܶ
һϵ¶ǼݾҪ¶ڶˣ

Բɬʱ˼󷨣ϧϢͨɫ֮£ԾԾţȻѳһϤ·

Щ·ûʲôȴƵϴɴһķųӡ֮׷Ϣ°

ΪȴԶѪɫذߣƷڶŵľɫ
˿󱳵ĳеؽΪڴ˸ܵ˼ܿƵķ

콫еؽȡУ֪̽ȷλ󣬲ԥֱнأ

һΣȲüлƤӵܣ

һڷ޼״̼Ҫˣɽȴ˿ûͣ٣ǱƳ⣬߱ˣֻء

ֻƬ̹򣬱ȥʮڣ

Ǽ״ãҲٲɴĸ˳ء

һӿ˵ص׿ӡ

*

ԲءˣһԿʱ濾硣

ǽѾָ׸ǴС϶õʱ⡣

գԽԽɴŤͷתע
ѣѺһһģòðȻ˾ɣѪɫ⣬һȾ㲻ֱӻһ

Բἰ£̾һҪҲֻ쾵ڲôңв٣ɴֻһ֮ǰԸϺʱѾʴˣһȻܴܿջջɡ

ԴӶȡԼһϽɫ۵ݹȥѣΣǰƵۣ˸߽׵ľᱻѪɫȾȻͷ뷨Ӱ۴ɾٻ

ǾͶлˡ˺ôҲʦͽ֮ʵԲչѣ˵ߡ

̨ں濾ʱͻȻ˴

*

˵ǽթժѪ콣ֺõĶȥˣ˵ºӾºӣҲѹˣ
ǣʱбߵ֮ǿԼᱦд˲ɣ

ҿϣ𽥴



ȴӳһȿ־濾ʱ롣
ڶۿվڲԶغסĽԲ

ǽԲ

ˣӦǼ

ҪԲǱߣһӷȴʱɲɵҲӶӿվ

ţź֮ͣ˲̾Ϣ

Ҳ֪ǲүڰｭԲôÿһҪ̽ʱ򣬶һ
ҪǸղųеؽĵȷȷӦ˼ϢҪԲŪȥˡ

˷׳ƣѾûиղŵɪ֮Уں󣬺¶Ļֲô
Ҳһսֻ֮ӦǲС
ϧˣһɱֻ˫ͷЫѪƷڵ֮ˣһһС

ȴûдϣֻ֣ķޣλղžλ콣ڵ֮ʣѪİ˫ͷЫһ£ѪѾó˴ҲԤϲ㣬Իȥ췣Ҳ˷ʱˣ߰ɡ

һڷ޺ƺƵȴôЩʧ涼ŻˣҲֻԡ
ҿʼԭ·˳ԲͻҲҪȥʱȴͻȻ˹
ѣѪһѶﻹЩ˽̣֪ͬɷи㣿

ԲͷһܾĻδڣѣѾ֪ˣҲٿ²򵥣ڶ࣬ͬҵһ̸

Ƕ㲻ȥˡ

Բͣ½ŲƵޣڶңһ;Ƶѵġ
Сģʱ㻹Ҿ㡣

á

*

Բ;쵽һѨԡ

һ⣬һһߵĽ󷨣ȡĳеؽ

еض̽ͨ޵Ľһأ˸ľԽԵ·ؽȴڰһΪǱ˽ضϹ½ȥ

ѣɿеؽкβͬô

ԲջߣֻܿжϹǶֵġ

ȷеؽǱΪأ½ġ
ԲȻûʲôֻüѣȻðһ뿴ļģѰֻȷݡ

Ҳÿû¡ԲȡС

Ϊĳ֣ѾϢѳѺۼ·Ǿл

һ۾ȷݣĵǣȷǼû뵽ʱǧ꣬һˣ

ͷβԣҪӵһȴϵĳſϲɫʧ
ѣôϳصģ

֪ʱѾء

 ̾һԭһƷϧ꣬ҲЩаҲ֪Щ궼Щʲôűˣˣ֪ܸˣѰˣҲĸ֡ѣһһ£鷳ѡ

лֱ˵

뽭Ѵżպ»Уһˡ

˭

ǰ

˭Բˡ




167.  167  Ŵ25   ҲҪи

Ƶ, ո˵ġǰԲʶĺҲֻһλ˰ɣǧǰɽʧ

콣ü΢ȷ, ȷǶɽڴܡǰ, ǧǰɽʧɵȴһ˿콣ڡպӰʯ֮ͨʱ, ʱֻ赽һ»ʢأⷨźӰʯǰµ꽻̸Ӱʯһ, ֻʮ, պһΣڽѰˣһжü̫ˣ

ɫȴĽԲԽͿ
Ƶ, üʲôΪʲôǰйϵһеô£

쾯سΧɨһȦ, ˵, 쾵п, ʵǽж, ǵպǰɡ

ɫ˵ѣԲҲֻܽڵѹ¡
лʱ塢ɷҲһУҲֻе꾭µܽˡ

ãҴӦ㡣պȥ»ȼǰ

*

ػѨʱѱտһ, ҶźѪеζ

ʱѾʼҩϻʢװѪ
䲻ȴʮ־׼ֱж˺Ѫ, ѪϻѸٵķһ׶Ȼȫͣ١

Բ;վȺΧţüɫ΢ƵѣʱĽű㻹Ҫ٣֪ʲôʱ콣ڣ

ߵȻʦܸճʱѱʦ£Ҳжʮ˰ɣĽȷʤһֻϧֱ̫ЩħʮںɽչأֱǰϦ³ء

ǰϦǰҲǸʱͻȻʧô

콣ڵܣǲ١

ʱյѾժ˺Ѫ

ԲջߣƵѣҿǻҪ˵ҲúʦʦǽһԺѩɽŻΣ

á

Բ԰վת뿪

һǰסʱĸ֪ӹҩϻʦܣζˡ

ʱתͷ죬Ӧõġʦ֣Ǹղʲô
˵ز̸ͷٸ㡣Ѿ̽ð˰һѩоŽҩݳ֣Ŵȥɡ

ʱüɫһ壬ңʦıҺãӾǡ

أ

ʦҸ㡣

еľΪ仰ٿɢҲգ͸ŰɡҲйء

áȥĶ

»ȡ

*

Ѫɫ⣬֪ԲҪȥ»ȣѩ˶Щġ
ԭǴƷڽȥԲȴͻȻ˵˽ҪѶӼգӣ˭ܷĵ£

ԲҪȻǺһȥɣѩŽԲ㲵ݣ÷ˡ

ǰѣӰ壬˷ŶҪѪһεˣû˸ι굤ǡ˵;Լ˵˼Ĵͷ

ҲĬ

ǰԼǸ˵Ķʱը
Բ̾Ϣһ»Ա߾Ǿ֣ӦҲвرһȥҲá

*

콣ڵ˺Ѫ󣬱ɻŴȥһؾ֮Ѱϡ
ƷҲѾѭһ뿪

ʱѩɽŴţԲһʱɫɼ͡
ѣʦûлƵѣҪȥ»ȣ

ԲͷǰҲҵˣҲȥһȥҲ㡣

üͷʱȴͻȻ˺󷽣üɫ


汻һƳ˶ԼЩ˼ѣҴӲʦַˣ⺮˪ĴϺһҲ̫ˣܸܲһ𰡣

һź£ȥ֡
ԲĿԼʦ㣬ø⡣

ɳ˪ȴֵЦͷӦʣȻҪǾ͸Űɣ޷ġ

*

»λں˪ֱǧһϿ֮У;ֻһǵɽ¡
ڴѩɽ·Ҳչ

ԭŽԲȥû뽭Բ˰˸βֻͣʵʵߡ
һٶȾࡣ

ɷʱȴԲඵͳʦʦַһš
ʦʦ㣬»Ȳݷץʱ·ȹȥЪҲ

Ҳ䵽һţŷĹֽУѣ⣬ƷݷôźʹʦֵĲ̫һ

ͺ֪ı죬ĵԼ˽Բı|̬ԣ˳оˡ

һľ֮ɫ˽Բߣѣôô

ԲԷرĵͷֻ̣µȸ·˳ֽһԿ

ƱĽӹͷϲŤʱȴ֪ȵʲôһ£㻬Ͷáŵ۾ʱ롣

棺ʱ룬

ʱԵתͷһ仰ҭε㣿

ˣ۾
ѹͷĹ֮У༸˶Ѿס˷д߶ѣһ



߶滰ûü˵ʧԭأֻһƬ

һתȻҲͽԲ˳һŷãԼʦȴѾ콣һ̤ȥǰȥ
һҲʧԭء

ֻҲ׷ȥ

ʱÿÿԲʱԲжʼƽѵ˼Ӱôպúʦϸһ´¡

*

һר־ĸ·ݵݣյ·̱ա

磬ǰ·ͷͳ»ȶеĻɫө⡣

Ӱأһ
ͣһͣ»Ȼө˶ɿȴȫϸСõȵҹʮٽȥűȽϰȫڴ˴ЪЪɡ

ʱѾһľ֦ЪϢ

ҲɢѰλ¡

Բڰ·ʱֿʼģ˿Ѿһзſһʯ˯ȥ

غһţһ췢һ̾

أôãүүˡ
棺ݷ̫ţˣﵽƷ𣬺еһƴ

ȰȰȺһٿ뺰Բٻһ飬˯ˣɵ̾һպ÷Ҳʼ

Բĵؽ･ֻʣ·ѩһϤϤ込䴫

µļ̌ͷʦܣʲôأ

ʱԴһ˿ţȴΪͳ߲ûʲô㶫ˡ
һѰ˿ϤЩ˿ʼӲв䵽¡

ŶһͱĿϢȴǡ
ʱ룬֯ӣ벻ջ
ʦ˵չرյȲڣǲ´ˡ

˿ȥǸˡ
Ҳ֪ȲʶܸܲЩҲи




168.  168  Ŵ26   Ρ

ɫ, ܿʼѩĳһֻɵ»Ҳһĵİ׹⡣

ˡվҶ׼˾, ̴˽»С

û뵽Ѿҹ, »ڵĿƮβӨ鸡Ρ
¹өǹ˸, Ҳֻо鸡մĿֲʶŵΣ

СŹΨһʯ·ǰ·ѩ廨ͱ˪ѩҶĴֺ, ڵִһ˸ߵ͵ľ޴»ʯ¡

»ʯǺ˪ֶеһʯ, ֻѩѹʯꡢ¹ʯ꣬γһ»ʯ
ʯͷͨӯ͸ޡֲϲĵط
Ϊ»ʯ, Ըõ֮ʱҲ°빦

ʱ»ʯ, ֻ߰ѩڱ֮

⼸ֻѩöຩ, ¶ȴź˿Ѫ, Ȼɱһ
һ˲˳, Сģ⼸ֻѩҲ廯ˣ

䣬һֻѩþ±Ǽ⣬ܿƽ㳯һֱֱ˹ȥ

ѩٶȼ죬ɷһӦʱѾʶ齣, ѩһأ
ɫѪҺڿһ˲ɢ̵¶˲Ƭ»ȵ

ˡ

, ֳһƬֵ

Բͻվ棬һŤͷ㿴˴ӿĴƬɫó棬ʱɫ䡣

ãѪãҿݷ˳ɽȣ
Բһӳһ¹ȺѪõע⣬ȳ񱼶ȥ

ٶȼ죬ݷֻѾҪȣɾڴʱȴǰȿһɫӰٿߣʧ

Ӱ˺ɫñ뿪ʱҵĲȴýԲ˲뵽һˡ

ʦ˪
ȻҲ»ȸ

˲Ǽƻ֮УӦòܸġ
ѵ⸽
»Σգʲô
ѵġ

Բתͣԭأһ׷Ϻ󻽻־
ѣ

ʱ뾹Ȼһˡ

Բĸ䶸ȻӿһζԼȻ󷨣æ˿ȸԼ굤׸󷨣һ

ʱû뵽Լһ仰ȻýԲ˷ɫɼľͳ
˵ĵ׷Ů޵ˣ
ٶȲѪɫӿ˫ۣȴ¡

ľսһ׷סʱļͷʦܣ侲Щ

ʱѾ侲ˣĶˡ
Ŀĸ첲ʾԼû£Ѱһľȥ

˷½½׷˳

ѩȼ½Բ״û£ź;»ڵ¡

ڿƽɰ鸡Σҹ廯Ѫúѩãʤ취һ²źٽȥ

Ҿ֮ڻʱ䣬ɴ˿ʼֹʼ»еޡ

ѪϲѪȣԲ⼸ʱʱͻŻѪ㱻ΧѲء
ʱȻв䣬ȴڰй۲죬շȥһӱʱüȥ

ԲһѰˣδ󻹸˸β͡
˺ӱ߱㵽һδȵȴȵֵʱ롣

ʱһԴѪɫȾһֱûлµĳʱԱֳӣһɫ˵ѽԲһ

ģѣ㵽

ԲЩƳһۣĵɲֶʦһƾҪ齣׷ȥˡ

ǶײˣûʲôǳɢɢھҪȥˡ

ϧµ»Ƿˡ
ԲӰһ󣬱иͷñŮת˳
ִһɫҩƷŵߵӱߺͽƿҩ۾˺С

ꡭҩˮһƬֻգ۹󣬱мֻѩϣŮ¡

ԲһĻ߬ģʱҲᵽ˿вԾζַĽϡ

ɷޡظԲ

ԲҶʦ㣬֣г˪

*

˪֪Լһһж˿ȥ
ֻѩѡһֻ̳װУת뿪

ԲȴߵʱЩԥ

ֻû뵽ǰɷ޾ֻٽʱ룬Ȼڻûбֻͣھ뽭Բ֮⾲š

Բ򴽣ѣһ𣿡

ʱͷ΢΢ŤתԼĵԸҲҪȥ

áԲͷ΢תѸٵĸȥ

*

˪һ·غϣһѩɽǰͣ¡

ѩɽȥͨɳ˪ȴͣڼ֮ûп̫ȡɫƳһָ

Ƭ̺ɽϸֳһ׽磬һ޴ӽڴ󷨣ӭ˽ȥ
ѡ𣿡
ˡ

ڶ˽ȥ˲ٴι£С

ɽԲȴĺվԭأŲš

Ȼǽֻһ˲ȴĴǽŵɷζ
ʦɷ

ʱ󾲾վţĿڴѩɽٶ죬һΣȴûбѹȥǱԼְ̧ѹޡ

Բڻ
߰ɡ

㲻һ𣿡
ڻʱ򡣡

*

˳źص˹ʯ̯ǰ޵ʦʦǻû

ʱҪԲ߬߬ȭʵѣмһֱ㡣

ʡ

Ƶ˵ʮ䣬һֱ콣ڣʮ䣬ںɽչأ𣿡

ʱĬƬ̲Żصǡ

ϣǲҲлˣ

һΣʱûлش

Ϊ˳ˡ
ڵѪú鸡ζĲ࣬ˡ

*

»еʱչļ죬ڣÿһȴʮѰ
ԴԴɷԺԱɽΪķԲǧھͳ˿

ڲ˲ϰٵڰϰùҲͻȻɣԳƹ׿¼׵ӤڣԴ˹ͽ̵ͬԴɷ

ȻѾɢͬѶԼϰɷĿ³ɻסЩĻҵ̰֮ˡ

ܿ죬ǧɷĵޣĴܣЩֻǻ󴦳ɷ·ЩȴΪϰֱӱɷȾ־߱ɱ˲Сӡ

ɶΪĿԻеǡ
ˣһһĵǰ̵̤ɷ·



ȻǰѾϣɽȴֱջδ򿪡
Ϊ׵ĸޱ˴˾䣬ڵĴһ

̶գƷˣԴɷͻȻ֣˺˳ں͹ǵĿɵҲ׹ˡ

ɷһ·ͬСɣܲ͸磬˳ɺѲ˸ϵͬѶҲƳĻӡ
ǻνڣҲͳ˸׵Ц




169.  169  Ŵ27   

ս³, 䶯պİ⣬ĸӰڳˡ
޶Ŀȥ, ȴһ, ȻŹǵĳ

ϽڹǣҲ˵, ˶֪ʱܳ˸

ǵֹ
˵֮ͬǰίιһò˰ɣ
ɷһ¾ԺѲ˹ϵʱȻҳ֣
ȵ, ôЩ, Ķ

ĸ³ɷڡ

ԭ۷׷׵˲Ϣ

ǾΪ³ɷһ㽫ȫѹɢ, ѹ˵

ĴҲǻΪ³ɷһֱܽѹ, Ϊڷ, ѲѾˣ

һƬž֮, ˸

ң, ȫȻûյ磬վ̨ϺƳ³ɷü۲ſڵ
λضѾ˵ˣշΪԴɷɧң˽ǰҪһʹҽס

·Ȼ
͸ýˣǽղòǹԿڹذɣ
, еǰȻȫηη
Ҫ˵Ϳ˵ò, Ǿưոݣ



ж¶ɣңϷһ˿⣬ǿżǰһԣԴɷȷɹǶ

һ˵㻩ȻС



ԭڱ͵͵оɷ
ǧ꣬ϹԴŶЩˣ
ʲôڣЯб˽ҵĴҽǼʶˣ
ʲôȣʲôҪ˵ڽվ͸ɢˣ֮ͳ
ԣȲҲգ

ңվǰ׵ָԽ尾

Ȼ֪⻰˵Ժ󣬾ܽ壬ڵӰҲԽս˥ܣ³ɷΪ飬һɽڣ󾳽磬ôܷ
ټ쾵еĵΪҪЮǱڲҲֻܴӦ¹

³ɷٴεͷңλĪʵ顣ǧǰǵȷɷӺͷǸձɲú󣬳Ҳɷޡܲˣһζã᰽綼޾ǵڱǾʼоɷ

ԴɷʵΪĹǹΪڵɷƳģȴû뵽ȴ˼Ը죬ΪΪаϰԴɷȷڶʱѸΪȴҲڶڻԽԽɷʱºᱬ

λϢȥº֪١Ŵȸչһ£ͳ£ǻѾɷ޻쾵еңΪ·ͻȻҪʱ齨һ֧Ѿȶ쾵УÿŶѡһˣҽȥ

ͻȻתõٴη

Χéһƽͻۣéͷô¹ֵֹģʣңǶȥ˭Ӧ

éһƽԶԶ̨ϵ³ɷ磬Ŀ°ɣԤУлᷢԵ£Լŵ㣬һԾͶԶЩʵڲֱ뿪

üéͷǲ֪Щʲô

éһƽ˦˦̱֪ʲôˣҲиߵĶǲǸССţһ˥

*

»УԲʦüѾٴվǿ޴»ʯ¡

컨˰ʱ»ʯⲼó󷨣ʱȡķ飬һһҵĹע»ʯϡ

ɫ£»ʯͨӨףĴעԽ͸

ĳһ˲ʼͻȻа׹䵽»ʯһʹ

ʱˣ̸ߺѣڣ

ԲһԾ䵽»ʯϣʹһ˿һƵͶԲǰϣڼͣƬ̡

󣬹гһڣüޣѾǧĴ档

Բĸйٺ֣нգ̶ܴȶڴ󴫳Уϸȴֺ汾˺޹ϸ𣬴ɺϡ

濴ԼҾéɽڽԲǰ

ʯУҲھǰĽԲ

Ӧֻʮ߰˵ͣӹȴĺܣ¶ĵطɼǣӡû谵࣬ף԰ףһ˫»͸͸ϣͲȻ

Ŀƣ䵽еļϣĿһʲôʱϿģ

Ҽʱ򣬾ѾˡԲ̯ϣǰȻˣ飬ܵûж

ȴ̾һҡͷˣˣϿˣҲ֣֮˾üסˣҲ޼£ǧ֮ٲսˡվ

Уӡˣǧ֮٣

ԲԽԽףǰ⵽ô£Ҫӡ˭ˣʲôǧ֮˵ġ

ǣ

ȴʱ»ʯͻȻһѣʯбһߣԲͰеӰ֡

ֻһ˲ԲӰģ

ʧɫǴ󣡽ѿ֣֮

û뵽ʱͻȻңԲҪȥȴٶȸֳһס漴˱ٿʧ



Բ
Сʦã

༸˲ֻΧȴֻһϳص»ʯ

Ȼҵأһǰˣû뵽Ǿܸ쾵ֽţʦܣھȥʦأ

תͷŷʱ뾹Ҳ֪ʲôʱʧˡ

ղŻվһ𡭡

*

һߣߵĽԲͷԼڵĻٶȶϤѪдظӿ̾ͽูµö굤¡

ڴͬʱ·ɣϼӳ󷨣ſ

ʱȻҲˡ

ޣôҲˣ

⴫ڵ׹мأӦļԶû취Ų塣
ЩʱȴƺӰ죬ڻ

ϢڽԲһֻ첲ס

ŻصԼģǼ콣ġ

µ֣еļ콣ɢ΢⣬ԲĿ󣬹âƼȸԾ

Υһ䣬ˣǽĽʶ㣬췭ˣ

ԲЩ㶣ĵԼδʱĽ鹵ͨô죿ʲôͷȴûץס

ʱٴοڣѣ⴫ЩʦĽҪͳ쾵ˣʲôð취󣿡

˵󷨣Բ˲

ĴҪõֲ󣬵ȰѴĽж

ȵȣʱһۡ
ѣϳ˼콣ʲôô񲢲Ӱ죿

ʱʮͣӶͳһ°ɫĳֻмŷѡ

Բֻ۱ҡͷЩ϶ĶԵҡ

ʱ΢źĽ·ض콣
㱻ߵһ˲䣬콣ĽٿҾʶ׷˹ĵûʲôˡ

Բ콣ӹ˷ȴδҲû˸ղŵļ

ֹһˣ⽣ְȻڽϡ

Բʱһۣ뿴ʡ




170.  170  Ŵ28   ѩɽҲ

ʱĽʿȥͨ
ͨ, ֻڤЩں֮ɫΪݵԭ򣬰߲ºۼ
ڽʱһ, ż䲻Ե, 족

ԲЩ򣬡, ⽣ǴĶģ

ʱȡ½ʣ棬⽣ʺͼ콣, ʦһҵġ

Բսӹ, ǹ쳣ϤϢٴγ֣ûȽڵĽ˵Ľˡ

ϲɫ, ѣ⽣ж, ס, ݷж, ֻҪɽķΧ, Ǿ봫ٲ׸ˣ

ʱԵͷָ˽ϡ

Բ

ޣ󽣡֡

ʱ°΢գγһǻȣΪԲĻ΢΢ǣԲס, ҿ

ƣס˽·λá

Բ
ǿѵ֪
ܾ⼸յʱоֵֹ, Ǵɣ

*

Ȼ뵽취µıʵˡ

չֻۣҪ෴㹻ܰ
û˽ڽԲ˵Ĳġ

ķʯڿչʱоĴڳܱߵĴ֮ӰȷʵŻʾʱ߶öݷ

ಡ

ȴݵ˼֮⡣

ԤƵľҪöࡣ

ʱ΢΢üȥúķѲٷҪȻİ취ܸĵ𣿡

ԲҡҡͷӶͳһķ
û£ķк˼ţҪĻֻ
ȱľջˣ

ʱ룺
ĬĬı죬ӹ˷

ķӳ֣Բʱȥݷվϵǣһɣ

ΧӰȻɢ˱㱻һŤӴ׳ͣ˵ϣ

ˣ˳ˣԲվ;ϲһ䣬ɿΧϤĺ˪ѩʱȴְ

󷨣ǽΪʲôں˪

ͺһֱĬʱǴٶȣǶӦͱ͵ǧŶԣҲõˡ

Χ˪ѩǣ캮ضԻں˪С

ѵĴ󣬲ҪǴͳȥҪ͵˪ڵĳ

ʱҲ뵽һ㣬ҪڣȴǰԶһѩɽֳһ˵Ѳӹ
꣡ˣ

ԲȻͷ

˵޶Ű޵İɫۣͳһȴڵĳһŵۣضһȦʧ

ԲŴüģ̫ԾЩ˶ΧμΪϤһֱں˪ȥ

ʱĬȻͷĸڽԲ߳ŷӦԼʶ

кٴ֣˫ۡ

ԲıӰֽƼоĳ

ʱֻۣеĺ⾡ѹ¡

*

ѩɽԵ˶ɽѲȦѩɽһȡ

ǹĴ鲼ֵĽƣǶӵǰƲ԰Ҳһ¢ݵԡ

һǰԾӡݵϵĽơ

һ廨ڹӯӯ˸Ŀâ

ڵǾŽӨ廨

βĽԲʱ뾪ӣΧϰٸƵĽ硣

ѲЩŵģǾŽ׵ꣿ



ǵڽӨ廨ϵ¶ȡתڣִһ磬ӾŽ׵ĿݲһƬҶӣһžŽľȡһٹ

·ȥĸŵģǾŽ꣡

ҿ޵Ĳժ˳Ө¶ĿݲҶٹٸζѻҩ꣬һ¯ⶾ

Ȼǵֲѻݺ˳⣬ԭ·صѩɽ߶ƣ˽ɽС

ء

ǵĶ죬ѩɽ򿪵˲䣬ԲᵽϤɷ

Ȼӡ

Բǿײִˡ

ϲѩɽӦҲһɷ޵ľۼأ

»ȸѩɽҪҪ࣡

ʱΪǹɷк⼸ԾϢٶȲȣ˻ŵҴвμӴȣҲڰѰǣڸȵȿ

ãҸʦʦǷž

*

*

Բʱ켣ѩɽɽʱе³ɷҲҹͣѰŽԲ䡣

»ʯѺֵĴֱʣΪܽԲ˴ץû뵽Ӵ˳ȥ

֮󣬾ûϢ

ӰʯС쾵иû䡣

ƾʧһ㡣

ôܳʧ

³ɷ粻ɵǧǰɷ޷Ƶʱ

ʱҲҹһˣȴҪ󴫳뿪ӴѶڱǧǰͽʢӲϵգ

뵽³ɷ罥սȭͷһԲҾͲܷɵȥȽ֮գҶҪ⾪᰽µƪ£

ȡƴ߶Щˣ

Ƶڴأظٹ±ܳһƷʱһǾȥѩԭ嶥ġ

˻ʹȥºųɷµЩŵҲƵѩԭ嶥

ǣ

*

Բʱѩɽһ£ڽصɷΣѲ飬һѩɽڡ

ѩɽڵ·ѣͨ˴˸ǰһ·ղŵִһѩɽɽС

ɽ߱ͿգĿ߱ϱһŵɽÿһɽڣʢһϤľ޴ҩ¯

Ȼҩ¯绤ţɿȴһɸɢϤɷ

ڵڣҲĳô

ԭЩɷΪԺþŽҩݽɷ֮ѹȥġ

޵޻꣬ʩԲҩоܳŶãˣ

Բлɬӵĵ޴һ䵤ڰá
ҹޣɷȾҺͼʱҩҪ𣿡

ǣ

ʱ뱻˸ڣίͬ

˱䵤ڣңңţƬ̺󣬽ԲʼΧҩݡ

ŷַöⶾһԣǸڵ¯У

ʱʱڳɫɫĶΣӦǼʹģÿ¶֮ɫ¯еĵҺᷢһ̹⽫ҩɢǿѹסʹ

˶ѭֱҹϿʼںɷԲ״̽ⶾ

Ž׵ĵҩǺҩЧ죬˿ɷֻڼϢ㱻ҩƮ

ֻþûãϱٴɷ

Բٴθιʳһŵҩ

Σʱȥ

ҺͣУ¯ϨǵҲƣۡ

һҹδΪѾӻ굤ڽ˻굤ڡ

Բµŵľκˣһϲ

ȴɷĹµʶ͸

*

ڶճ䣬ǽĵҺռãͬ㣬ƵѩɽһҶ󽫷ҺɢϪ

ٴǰŽҩ԰в꣬Բ򱻴һҩⶾ

ȵҩ¯˱ֱɵڰЩ޼

˷ºһӤڵĵޱߣһµΪֻڵĵޣٴοʼɷ

ԲȵʱףԭѩɽҲֻһתĴ

ԴͷԴ

ʱ˰£ڳ͸ѩɽڵת̺󣬻һӤڵɷڣ͵˵ڶɽС

ɽ߿߱ɱٸ಻ϵĶѨȴٷҩһʯɵ̨ɡ

ӵĵͷñɫַÿһƿɢƵⶾһöƺȵȻɷ˵Ƕһɳı£Ҫѧϰģսпסڵɷ֮𣬰պȥӦ̨ϱֱܹڱпϵɷأһȥϰĽ֮𣿡

ǣˣһɷ޷׷׼Ӧ

ԲʱڶӺҲͷֻͣǵӵĵ뿪ȴ֮ɫ

ǸͷñĵޣǶʦ˪

ʲôʱ쵽ģӾɽΪߵ֮ˣ




171.  171  Ŵ29   ʦ㣬桭

ѩɽɽ, ԲԼĺƺ͵ҩ˵ʯڡ

̨ѾվһӤڵޣӦǴ˴ίɸġ

ֻ׼վ̨ȥ, һͻȻ粽, У, ȥɡ

Ȼ̫⣬ɴŮ޵ĺɫñͱԷѹѹôͷֻܲʵӦһ
ǡ

Ů޽ñһ, 뿪ڷв˽, һ̨

²Ϊʹڵ˻ӤڣٶΪȾɷúͼвͬ, ٻÿʣƽɫ

ʦ, ġɷԲȻв², ֱԼۿһĻ, жʹ, Խܡ

˪δΪкζݣֻǴŽԲȻڣĪһ˿죬Ŀͣò
Բôô̫ࣿΣ, 㲻ġ

ҲΪλɷȾ³ѵ㲻֪𣿵˸ɽͱѪϹִ˴, ΪЩ㡭ôңֶ

˪ȴ̧ԼÿڽԲǰתһȦԲ㿴ңö˶˵ģʲô⣿ɷǴеǰ㣬Ҳ˶ҳԣԴӼǻڵĵԼϰҲףԭⶼǹǵıҪ˶֪ɷãԴ᰽磡ҸʥΪıǽⲻƷÿ˶лϰɷʱǾѣûϰ츳Ҳ£˶ɽɣ

˪˵жĹâ·ѾǸе絽

Բ߬ȭоΥȼһŭ
ʦ㡭Щ˭ģ

ɷıʣڹʱѾоס
ȷԿΪ׷ҲЩƷʯ̺Ӵöɷ֮ǿ¡

ⶾɷ֮յԽ࣬ԾӰԽȻžŽ׵ҩʱɷɶɷ֮ڵɢȴʶݻٵ޵ıʡ
ȵʶڶݻ٣֮·Ҳߵͷˡ

˪⸱ӣ־ѾܵӰˣȴƫƫ֪

˪Բʹɫ΢̾һԲĲõҡıǰÿһնҪʹ죬ԷıȶӵиһȵΪЩһֱ׷ģʥѡұضٽһʱҾ뻯ڵĵˣԸʦҲٸ۸ˡ

Բ򴽣˵éɽѾǸһɽͱ۸ˣɻߣȴ˪תͷϡ

Բǽҩ԰޻µѹ˶õģڻʱ䣬Ͻ뿪ɣȥ˽ͳȥȳ廷ѩɽͳûӵҪٻ֪𣿵ҵ˻ڣȻ취ȥǵġ

廷ѩɽԭĵش

Բüɫ΢ɫʦ㣬㲻ߣҲߣ

˪ɫ΢ҪȰȴ˽ơ

꣡ˣվã
˪Ծ̨

Ϊ׵ǸոձȥУ󻹸ڵĵޡ

˪״üϲɫ

һеԬϣ쳤ϣλǴ˴ӵĳ˪ѣΪģѾӤˡ

ԬԽ˪´һ飬Щʧ̫츳Уг˪

˪ǰһ̧ͷسϣǳ˪츳кιϵܹԽˣ

ԬϺ쳤ԹЦߵһԣȻôţǾͺһǿı£

Ԭһָ硰ӤڡĽԲ

Բ

˪¶һ˿ΣλϣҸղѾ޶ԹˣɷϮģҪѹƣʱ˶֡

ڵĵһѡȥѪɫɽĵޣʱܳ

˿̶֣¶ţԻðԲΣ˪֮ɫ

仰ȴδ˵ϡ

Ԭq(s^t)rһ㶯־Ͷ֣˵ΪɷϮģ¶ŲȥҲɽˣ

˪ûлͷԲֻ˴Ƭ̺ͷǡ

˪վضλȡԼöɽ
ǽԲǮԺһʱȥ巻ͳѩģƷ

û뵽ȴͽԲһս

˪ڿ˽Բ

в֮ɫıʤͼ㣬Ѿû·ˣܱѡȥܿܽڣ߽Ϊĵλж˸Ϊܣ

ְɡ˪

ԲȡԼ̹ȹȥ

ˣ

ɽ˪߶̾տһӫ⣬ס˽ԲϮĶ̹

ԲԾĿյһ̹˹ȥ

ﬣ

˲Ϣ㽻еˣֱ˴˾Ȼû֣һ˿ŭ

Žӵı̨ϲΧ۵ԬҲԵͷСۡ

Ԭϣ˪ӲҲȣȻҩӦ㹻ˡ

쳤ϣˣһӤڴôöʤǲá

˵ĿⲻԾת˽Բٰϡ

ڴʱ˪ͻȻ𣬽ö̹ٿҵ˵ϣɽԲ˵̨ϡ

ˡ

Բ΢ͷΪǿУظһƬʹڼģȷʵղһ˲ӳ˪ϴɱ⡣

ʦڸղŵһ˲䣬ɱ
׻ڣѾҪ˹ô

*

̨£ԬϺ쳤ϸ԰ס˪̽˷һսڵɷȻ΢ɲ飬ͷ

Ԭϵܺã㽫ԴɷĹĺܵλѪɫɽȥɡ

˪ּϥлλʶ

쳤ϺԬ϶һ̨ۣϵĽԲ޽ʲô

˪һнԲ

ãҲϣˡ

ϣŻӤڣ²ʰɣ˪ӵվңңͽԲӡ

쳤û˪ǿ˽ԲԲԸȥ𣿡

Բµȭ߬Ը⣡

ãǲУϣҩԺѪɫɽܶõ˲ţ׼£ճ

Ԭ鼫Ϊõ뿪˶ߡ

*

˪ǳߺ󣬲żסԲĸ첲
СʦãôܴӦȥѪɫɽأһɽһȥûĵ޼ȫǻϣ̫Σˣ

ϵż٣ɽԲȴֻǵĿʵʦ㣬뻤𣿡

ҡ˪΢΢һ٣ɫȥԲǲǾҸղ̫ݣȥѪɫɽĻᣬѾ̫ãԲŻһʱͿ㲻Ҳʱ㿪㲻ʦɣ

Բҡҡͷʦ㣬֪㲢ˡ

˪ɫ΢ɣ֪ͺãһһǰȥλϽ£Ѫɫɽ㻹ǲȥΪá

ʦ㣬ԲסѩĶ΢΢ҡͷѪɫɽұȥģһغݣҲŵϰԴɷġ

ǡ˪һ˿ζҪȰ

ɽԲѾתš

⣬ʱ뾲վţѾá




172.  172  Ŵ30   Ļ֮˵ס

ڶճ, Բ˪Ԭϡ쳤̤ȥѪɫɽĴ

ʱûѡУʱ廷ѩɽ, ȴӦéɽڵһ, ˼ѪɫɽĽɽԣǰԼļ콣ʽ˽Բ

*

Ѫɫɽλ廷ѩɽΧ, ȻܽȴΪڽ֮أ⵽
Բڴڴ˽ղŲȵʵ, Ӱɽһ̤һ, Žɽڡ

Ѫɫɽǧ֮أɽں廷ѩɽһԱڿա
ںĵش, ֱѪɫʯסƬɽƣ, зλֲ޴ʯ

ʯõĶѪɫɽеѪʯ, ںѪ, 滹Ѫ

ԶԶȥ, ɢѪ֮ɭء

Ԭָһʯҩڣһ˪ҩһº˳ͨ飬Եѡ÷, ȥ޵ѧϰһĹ츳ܿ˳׻, Ϊʥĵ֮һ

˪ɫлԬʶѩ

Ԭֱ΢΢𣬡ˣ׼þ͹ȥɣĻºܻȻһˣúøɣ

ǣ

*

һߣԴӽԲʧٺéɽһ˾ŸѰ£Ϊ֮ʱȴյʱž

ʱн£ϸ廷ѩɽķλἰ˾Žҩ԰Լպҩ԰档

պһо廷ѩɽҩ԰˳ϡ

ҲЩɷ޶Խ̫ţ¹ȥֻӤڵĵ޿ء

ڸѰ˽Բµʯ֮ƿҩ԰崦磬˳԰

ͻֽſ죬Ƚ⿪ߵֲһ·ľ̾ڳ

Ž׵ľ
Ž׵
Ž׵
˵Ҳǧֲ˰ɣ

ͳѩ򶨵ģɼˣڿ԰ҩֲ󣬻̲סľ

ˣ춯֣վҲЩܼ£ȡܶһｭѣ

ã֣

*

Žҩ԰һʱԲѾͳ˪ҩпʼƳһֵҩ

˪ÿնҪҩʱⵤҩ廷ѩɽʱҩôЧչȥΪʱʱȶ

ҩﶼδֹģ쳤ϵ˽˪ᵽҩڣй۲졣

Բ򱻰õҩͯУæַÿҩҩݡ

ճ䣬ͬеҩͯҪҩݰᵽҩ䣬ԸԲűװá

һЩ廯ǵĲҩԲͷӹͿʼֻǵҩжװ֮ȴﻹһԽҩޣڽ

ҩϵ·ӡĺۼϸŻһ˿˿ɷϢ

ûϸ鿴ͳŻŵҩͯûп쳤ϵҩޣ

Բɫ΢ҩȡѿ˵

ҩͯҩɫɼһɣ̫ˣ糿ʰʱСôˣң

ǰҩޣת뿪

Բֱԣиȥ

ҩͯ߹հĻص쳤סҩ޷һ˱ײѸ뿪

˱ϣһһģһҩޣĶǿյģֻġ

Բ˼ڷж



һʱ쳤ϻص˷䣬һ±ȥȡҩޣҩĻؽ뷿ңٳʱѾʱ

ҩѾˡ

ͨµΪ̶һҹ֮

˵層ڵĻڵΪѾȶǴĶѰĽ׷ӣ

Բͷһɻ󣬵ûдݾߣֻֻصסҩ
պͻʼй۲ÿж

ԬֱҩϣÿճѲһҩͻصҩдõĵҩ

䣬õĵҩᱻҩַͯҩĵޣԬ˵ҲѾصסϢƬ̣ͻᱻټȥ層еĵ

ǸҩޣڰռҩصĶ

ڶգҩ޴뿪ĿյԲһݵٴǱסѰС

Ҳ󣬳˰ɷŽֻ꣬һ鱻ڽСƴļƷʯƬ

ʯûԣͨңɼǱڽУҲס淺ɷ֮

ֱʱԲ㽫ǰ

ȻÿҩĿյڰΪԼ׼ΪҩΪҩ֮ÿҪ鶼٣ֻڰҹʱҩԼΪ

ҩһʱļһҹΪ˷ݵܴﵽ

ѵԲٴοǰļƷʯƬ

òȡɷĹؼƷɣ
ɷѾԱһͨˣ
ȥǾ᰽ֻҪ˻ⷨӣܰϰɷˣ

Բͷֱ״ѾܿƵ˵ģþȥڻѵ£

ʲָԭֻصҩҩû뵽ղŸæƬ̣ͱ˽гȥ˪ȥѡ

̶ֻʮգ˪ʹӻӤڣɹ˻ڡ

*

Ϊں󣬳˪˵ʶ÷âǽȫ˺£©ݣԲһ˵ҩͯװɫһ
ҲǷԸˣԲҵôȥҩͯˣ

ӵӤڵ΢ͷЩµı⣬ٳϣ쳤ϵķԸ˵˼ȻˣͲܰţȻˣ̴ӡ

層ڷ»ڵĵޣҪһˡ

˪Ǳⳤ϶ֺ˳ģһջߣԭˣҲá

˵䣬ѵ

޽ڵĹؼ򵥽ܹ뿪
³˪ͽԲվ⣬ȴĳϷ˽ȥ

˪ΧûˣüͷԲСʦã˵㶼ҩڷַҩûʲô°ɣ

Բ΢ͷлʦģҩ򵥣˺˲ݣҴŻ㰲ȫ

˪һԵ˿̵˶ӣ˷㲻ҪܣңлҾȥ𣿡

Բ΢΢ͷÿɷѾ˴򿪽磬һһڵĵ߳ڽԲͳ˪ϴͣ˳˪ϡ
ھ˳Ϊڵĳ˪

ǡ˪΢΢ͷ

츳Уǲ֪ΣܲܰѿסһɷϰԴɷûôסȸγȥһ

ǡ˪˵Ϊָֻ˵ü۵ģֻµȴ߬

*

λ룬һ¯ڶĸڣﰴշ;űĻĿ顣

˪ö̱ųϵ˶ڡ
׼ͬʱźŵĵϻڵĵ޻Ȼͳ˪һո˳ס

Բ΢΢һƳջߣ˱ˡ
Ǳн£ڼĻڵ޾жʮϣѾŵĹģ

ϵĻк壬Żϵĵޡ
˵廷ѩɽڻǧӤڵɷޣҩˮͨ¡

쾵еѾӴЩѹסƣΪʲôȴֻ廷ѩɽϣзչ

Ļ֮˵ʲô

Բö벻ͨ

ǰγѾŶһ·߽߱ܣƳĵҩȹ̣һ׻ڵĵ޾ʮˣǽѡ귨ͻῪʼΪһµɷ׿ɿأɷʯҲûзӦܳء

Ƴ۳˪ĽԲһ䣬Ȼ㻹̴ӣǾҲѡһɣպ˵ó

˪Ƴ۽ԲӦüᡣ




173.  173  Ŵ31   һöƷʯ

ڶ̱Ը, Բͳ˪ţһ·߹ܡ׶࣬ͣ˹ȵĸ⡣

μ˪Ÿһŵķ, Цһ, ۹ⲻ䷿ڵķǰ³Ʒ, ˵Ƕһֻʯģ˵ΪнףõڡȵǸʱ, ѾܹҪķˡ

ڣ˪һ, ǧ궼ѵһΪȽף׵ἰ

ȴΪĵͷɷԴѾʼ, ÿܳһλڣ, ڲ, ۽ſЩ, ޵Ϊ˷ɽ磿αפ£

˪ֱɽֻ־

Żеδʱ, ԲȴסظλãĿʼΧ

Ծʲô

ӸղԺʶооʲôţҲڲȵĶںӦʲô

Բ 
Դ˪, Բ־
ѡ񷨱ˡ

Բŷֳ˪Ȼѡһ֧۳Ľɫ״
̷ǶöʯŹڻʯĵɫ·ԵüΪ

ڵԱ, ֱصĲʦ

˪ԲЩʣܿƽࡣ
εȵĲͷһ

Բ΢ͷ˳ǹɱ̽ĸоߵָһ΢Ƶ¸ӡ
λϣΪ£ԷΪӦʡ

νĽȡ˽Բ
ֻǻӤڣûۼⷨϵıƽǰһλɷˣԭҪȥޣȻҪãҲˡʡΪ˪ҪһƷ

Բûʲô˼ϸλĺ壬˿ȣȫѹΪӶұĻˣžͻȻѪԹȥ

˴ӱųȥą̨̃ڵľǳᣬŶͣ£ʱǶ˾סڻֺԲȥʰһ£˪

ǡ
ǡ

̵κͳ˪뿪ԲԴִٵת·ŵֺſڣ̹սȥ˽硣

ݵ˲䣬ֺһڵŮ޾͸պôӷгԲӤڵΪ΢΢üɻΧôͻȻֵͽ׵ޣܿͻָ糣ת뿪

ڣԲѾɽӵ˵ϣԼҲ͵£ɿط굤ڶһƬĻȹ̣ųһ

ΪԼڰ·ͻ̲סѪû뵽ÿαٱʱֱһĪѹƻȥܳŵڡ

û뵽ʱǰԵĶҲӰ쵽ڵĻˡ

˻ʶ̽ǵϡ
˭

ڵڰĺתƣԲȻں˵ȳ

һֻʮڣȻܷң

Բû뵽һ꣬ȻʶĳԻ󷨣ϳΪȽףֻôĶ

˷ȴûܶϺţӽǼһֱڹ۲ңôֲܷ㣿

꣺û뵽ұôڼһ꿰ɷޣϲǶİɣ

Բɫ˶ûнԼûϰɷҲûԼǶᣬڻȹٴκö굤̽ŵڶȡ

ֻһ£ڻ˾ٶȱӿɿĽԸŻ⡣

ڵȴȫԼԽԲӰ㣬ڵػ
Բöδĵô˵ˣھ᰽ȷΪܣҿ𣬱Ͳ߱ҲǱΪ֮㶼ˣôϰɷѵû֣ԼʶڱɷѸʴǶڴٲҪ׷ˣ

ԲüĿһ˼־仹оȣ

ЦһֲˣȻܾȡ

ôȣԲȣ뵽Ƕʦ˪

ȴһЦȻɷֻҪΪɢȥ־Ȼ

ⲻͺû˵һ˪ǸӣҪΪΪһ·ȥΪʦֵҪѣý

ԲʧȻȴֹ˸ʵһһݵķӣɱΪ䣬ܽɷֻ

Բٴ˿Уֻʲôѵķӣģ層ڵĵΪʲôڲͣɷ

ȴˣǵ֪ⷨӣ͵ðҰ¡ 

α׿ӣԲ𾯾˳ʵҪʲô£

껹ûüϸ˵˿Բתš

ǳ˪ˡ

ֻȥһüѹ˺һ֮ɫҲңصǰƬ̺ŵԲղ𣿡

ԲһûУôʦ㣿˽磬ѲѪɫɽĽ粢

˪ȴûоͺãտʼһᾭȥ̨ûµĻٳȥҲܡΧĵޣƢĺܡ

Բһ׷һ䣬ʦ㣬㲻ȥųôǺ˴ˣ

˪ŷԼңмҼѸٸƽ壬üû£ɫˣҽջȹϢϢˡ

á

*

ΰŵ䷿ֻڼһ󴲣ԲҪ˯ĳ齣˪ҲûƾܣϢһҹڶճ䣬˪ʹµõķȥˡ

ǰԲɽķϡ

ԲɽյһԵİ˱ܣȻд
ȻһģʦΪˣôڣ츳ɱöˣѲõĲһ׹

Բƣû˵

ΪԼᵽ˽ԲΪµġ¡תͷȣʦõԼŰ죬˵¡ڱΪɷףҪ׼ٶǰǰû¹ڼðȥѰһ䡣

㻹û˵Ѱʲô

ҪѰһöƷʯƬ

ԲƬƺѾĳˡ

*

ȻԲȵ껹ʲôؼû˵Ҳ層ڵܣɴӦʼÿڸȵ㣬ѰƷʯƬ

ԭƬ罭ԲϣΨһ層ϣٰöƷʯƬ

ȻȻȴĸɷ֪Ǻܶܣ層˽ȽԲࡣ
層ƻ룬ʵϸϵķлһͨܵÿճʱһ𵽵ʱ⣬ʱȥ̽ʱȵĸϷ飬ǵķ䶼ֺŶźߣһ̨գųϵķ䡣

ԲѰ·ȥȻ̨һֺŵķݵԸš

СĿŽȥΪﲻˣȴϸתһ˷ɿִ




174.  174  Ŵ32   㵽ǡ

ϲǶȥ, ôܻˣ

ԲӦͳȥй߻谵ϡֻϳǸڵŮ, ǽ쳣һϸ, ҡ

ԲȻ򲻹ȴҲ, ֺܿͷֶŮ޲δˣǶԷаҲϤһ, ԹԷһ, СĵˣҺһ, Ҳ͵͵ģ

Ȼǵ˵ĵˣǾѡ

ԷԶԷŻ, Ҫ˵, ̤̤һ
ڻ谵жһ, Ժ󳷼Ϣ, °ٴγ

ԲųϷиʲô
Ůޣ

뷢ʣԲ˸ڣ˵ɷҩշã

ֻѻڱĵطûţ層ȴǼõĽ, Էպ˵Ϣɽⲻ٣εҩͲİ˱·ûʶ, ߡ

ԲװͷѣʧתȻˡ

ŮԽ˽ԲĻ㵱Ҫҩ

а취

ֻҪ㷢Ĳй¶ȥҾʹȥҩƼĵطûн磬ȡá

Ժ廷ѩɽϵĳɷֲͬԴҲԲüɫһɽ

ŮҲڸսڵɷ֮һͳ˪ͬһηУֻΪ͵ȡﳤϽõᴿҩ

ͽԲЭͷɿڰ˱ҩƲ۽ԲòŻӤڣܵӦĳڵ޴̴Ӱɣ͵ҩ£֪𣿡

Բ΢٣º޹ء

Цһ͵ҩ£һϷ־ͷܱ֤סյܣʱһҪɱģǴˡ

Բ𴽣ûлػ

Ѿֽżķ˷
ûзҩ

ԲһСײĻϣһ󡰺¡¡ĻʱԱߵıڻ

Բһۣٶȹ𴽽ǣҡ

ԲҲ˽ȥ

εбҩϵĸû࣬ıҲ˲٣ȥһ۾Ϳǰ̯һɫϲɫҵˣ

ǰʼӡ

Բ¶ۼĺͣԱߵİٱܣȡȣҲʼѰԼĿꡣ
ǰҵˣǺûмƷʯƬ

ڵҲӦ˷̾һڵĳϱҩ࣬ƬӦǱˡʱǻڵڵķ̨Ͼһ취£ʱһȥ˽ڣҵĸ졣

һ𡭡ȥԲΪԼˡ
˵ۣгԻ경Ҳסô໯ڵĵʶ죬һȥǵͻᱻִɱô

Բɪû£ҵڣ˷֡

˵ôԲ˸ۣһȴסˡ
ȵȣ 
Լǵһؼ⡣
ǰûأ

лǶ˶٣ЦһǧȥҲûʲô˼ǵ˺αʣ

㵽˭

лǣɡ

Բ

棡

*

Ѿյɿ쳭¼ҩǷֽԲɫڱĪ⡣
ԭλʹŽԲɿ뿪η䣬Լճʱڶ̨棬ȥȡҩ漴뿪

ԲͷȾͷɿ߻ػֺǰҪȥžͱ˴ڴˡ

֨ѽ

˪һţȥĶˣҲǽ㲻Ҫ𣿡

ɫŵĳ˿żĻڵǡöͶߣ̽Բץڹţ˽磬һ

δϵɫ˶ƼΪƣһɻңԲģ˪üĽקǰԲ㣬Žҩ԰ǲǺйأ

Բʱ۾ʦ㣬˵ʲôŽҩ԰ˣ
ȷʱ뽻һº·취廷ѩɽڲҩѭɹ⿿һôܰվŽҩ԰ΪƻһЩֲǡ

ʦʦǻˡ

Բ˲µʵࡣ

Ȼ˪֪ԲɫԣͷԤڳ档

¹ȻͽԲйء

ȥ̨ԣΪܴΣȴϿϴҴܳץˡ
һ֪ʮǰ廷ѩɽľŽҩ԰˰ˣ
ҩ԰һգɷҩֹ̳ϲ㣬Ȼ뷨ѹסϢ»Ǵ˿
һƬֻţҶڵĽ޷¶

ɳ˪ȴϢ󼱼ϻطУҪͽԲȷϣû뵽ԲȻڣ
ڹϱϳٸȥܱ̾鵽ݣһ׽ȥʣԼҲˣ

˪еĲԽԽ󣬷׷˼Ҳͣһʱ䲻֪Ǻá
ˣѾλڵĵȥ廷ѩɽ飬Ʋվͻᷢ٣ʱҲ㲻ȥѪɫɽ縡գûƣҲܲˣԲɸǳ鷳ˣ

˪˶ţҪ߳𽭰Բ䣬ȴʱͻȻ졣

ˡ

ٵѿڣǸİŮ

˪Ϣʾ⽭Բȥš
ڣ֪к£

Ů޳ȳ˪ΪһףǻڣӦþڶסţȳ˪źͲ¶ۼĳɨһȦȴʲôû

˽ˡ

˪ͷѾԼķŮȴһ̨ϼٵѱԣĹֵѧϰԼսһ֪ٵѿɷ㣿

˪ɫ΢ɣȴûдӦǲɣҸոմʮѪʱٱˣǵԸ⣬Լɷ񣿡

ȻԣŮȻһЦּ򵥼ת뿪

˪˶ֺŶŷڹţ΢һҲ˽硣
ڵĽԲѾ㵽䣬δ˵ģ

˪ɫҲص䣬˼Ƭ̺վܵˣȥ廷ѩɽһգҪһգֻյĹ׼ˣȳȥ̽һǧˣ֪𣿡

Բ֪Լ˰㣬Ծͷ

ȳ˪Сĳź̴Ӷȡȡ

ǰǰ

ɢüʶң

Բʶӽȡ󴫳кϣ񶼱иʦéһƽֻܻ˸ӣɿĵ
ǰ㻹ǲǵ󡢼ͶȻħ󣿻ŲϢЩ󴫳ﶦ󷨣Ҫڸɽµ󴫳УҲ߲˵һýһʦء

ȵȡֱɻ󣬡֪ǼɷҲȷģŲϢʲô󷨣ô֪

ԲЩ㶣ǰڶɽԺĴʱоģ㲻ǵˣ

ɽڣҵʬ޴ʱҲڣʲôʱɶɽˣСʦɲôϷԽˣ˲

ԲҭĹסһڸֳ

ԥƬ̣ʵǰ㵱ѵʱǲҲ˻ˣ׼ȷ˵ĻǣҲ˾л󣿡 


֪л㵽˭ôȥˣȻҵô




175.  175  Ŵ33   츳Ƿ

ԲԼǵԼ˭ˡ, һʱ֮ȴ벻

ٹվ͵뿪Բûʱˣ濪ʼԼ, ɴӶȡ, ǰҲûл, ֻǻԵɺϲŻⳡ¶ˡⷨϵã

ʶɨһھܾʲô, 󣡡


첻˵ķô, ôԼķϲ

ȵȣ˵Ƕɽķ, ڵ治ʶȷпܵġ

Բͨؽ, ɴ, ǰ, δϿǰ, Ϊ콣ڵ·ᵽľлֻΪѣҲȱȫֻз֮, û֮ˡ

ĻǲûŽԲġֻǵϸϵ·ȴԾӦ, ⷨϵȷолĺۼĻѾһλǣҲˣŻ⸱ӡ

Բ΢΢һ㶣ǰ˵֮ԶϿأΪꣿ

ԲֱԼԽԽˡ

ٴδ֮߰⣬Ȼϵüȴ֪ǶɷƷһ꣬ȻΪҲħΪˣԼΪ˵ĻǷӡڽ˵ɷħĵԼں󣬱Ὣ˵ĻǷųлһһ٣ܾȻˣҲͻ᳹׷ϳҲͲϡˡ

ԭô

ʱЩӣԲڵõһЩ𰸣ȴµԻ

ǰ˼˵Ϊ˾ԭ˲ŻлϳأȻѾԻ٣ôȷԼ˾Ȼˣ

˻ͷɽڼɷˣҲƷδȷ˻֮ǰڵ겢᳹ɢǻữһӡӡҲܾĳ֮УֻԭʱŻӦһӡȷĻˣʹ㳹ɡʱƾͻıɷһˡȵȡ

Ȼһ٣Ծлˣ飬˵ǳܲסĶɷģǡĻˣǻӡ

һ仰ǽԲ롣

һΪֹ˽

ϲ䵽֮ǰԭˣӦʱǰ

ʱǰħ֮󣬼꣬ʱĻǷӡ˹Уշת䵽С

ݾ˵뿪콣ǰǺõģôҲ˵߹ǵ󴫳к·ϲٵġ

Ҳ˵ǸʱʱĻӦǱˣҲԼĳʹ󣬶ϳأ䲻

һǧ䵽˽Բϣ£üӡϣˣĻ

ҲܽΪʲôÿÿʱ壬˶д䣬ΪµĻӡϳԭˣŻμҷ

Ϊʲôʱ嵽ǸޣﻹȾɷ

һ㣬ֻʱԼܽˡ

ԲɳһǰûڵȷֵĻˣʦһʮꡣǼӡ¡ǰղᵽĻӡָʲôҵĻھǲΪ

ĬĬ΢̾һɷĻӡô˵ģ˶ΪѾԭˡȵϵĻӡ⡭ڡ

žડ

Բһɣ˵ϡ

*

ҹʱ֣˪ڷ糾͵ĴһűԴϲĵԲתˡλٳǰֱʥлȥ廷ѩɽһͻȻĵޣһһأܶ༸ʱ׼ȽŵŮӦȥȥ̽̽Ĵţ˵ȽѰ뿪Բʲôأ

ԲŻ񣬡û£ʦ㣬Сġ

ڶգ˪ͶŮȥ̨䣬ԲڷָԻ̣Ϊʱļ취׼

ĵӡûó˪ͻˣ֮Ҳûϸ̸

Ҳֱ˿̣ۼԲо󰤸ӡ֤Լ˵Ļ

̾û뵽һһԵԲʼӡԻȤ󷨸ĵĲӵҲպãֻΪܺŪסڵĵޣϵĵ޶Ѿʶ£һʲô紵ݶᾯ

Բ̵ȵĿӡ󷨡

湴𴽽ǰеͷ˻ͷĻʶ飬ѵûԹ󷨸ĳɻʶ𣿡Բ֣ͣɴָʱԲҪûʶȥʱעʶ󷨱ͨ󷨸߼ЧҲãʶĵȽף֮󣬾ڵĵˣҲֲټ

Բڷ˿̵üϸ˼˷ķӣ̽ʶԻʶΪʼڷʯϿӡԻ󷨡

ʶеĻҹʱʼڷʯϻ

һͨ棬Ҫǻƾ츳ԵϾ᰽һˣ뵱ѧûʶʱ򣬶ղſ̳ɵһ󷨡

Բһãһ⣬һ߻ʶھ׼ŷʯһͷͻȻʹ󵨵ð˳

ȻֻڵΪĻʶȴڵΪ̳ܿӰ󷨣˵ԽǸط
ѰҼƷʯƬΪ˴һ˿е֪˵䣬ܰԼֱӽȥǸطֺαԶ
ֻǿϧΪЩ

ͷյԲͽ¿ӡõķʯ

ʶӡķʯ·ᣬֻûʶ̽룬ܿ򣬶һʶ󷨶һԵ󷨣һɱ޷ľֻ¿һ

û˵Բ̽Ŵ߶ʯڷ޷߶Щĸûʶ߶һ˲Ӱڷʧ

ʶӡĳԻˣ

оӡĳԻܲһԲԭתת̾һ
ǰʶ󷨵Եȷãлǰָ㣡

̾ЦҲָ»ĶԺá󷨽ʱٶȼӳ֣ݷλĲΨһȱĻʶ̫ʱʧЧ

ԲٴֳΣǰ̫׼ˣöʯȷֻʱһȥ취Ҫʱ䣿׼һ鹻ô

Ƭ̣һӦǹˣǷҪĶȥ飬ٶ౸Ҳáһûʶͣº͵ɬУҪ̰ʱǰ̺ö㹻ˡ

ŶԲգգ۾ȡһöհ׵ķʯ̽ٶʶ

ʶ˳ûᵽĺùɵ

Ȼˡ

Բŵȡһʯʼ˫̡

ʶҪֹɿԲķʯʶеĻɫâɤˡ
ȻĿ̳ˡ

ĻӡȻס·ȴҲΪӴʶ˸䰲ȫʶ硣
˼ܵʶ˵ֻССˣټ־ᶨʶι̣Ҳѹֲܵиš

ϧˣţ˻ӡ

Ƭ̺󣬽Բ̺öʶ̣ٶȾ̾
գǳѧߣǰѵʲôںˣ

㲻ϣǰ˾ˡ
ԲӦɣǰ⼸öʶʯҪ׼ʲô𣿡

ɫһתʵһõ󷨣ֻ㲻һܿӡɹֻԣֻҪɹǴбȻ񲻷ƣ츳ǷҲԴ󵨶һѣ

Բǰһʲô󷨣

Ӱ󡣡




176.  176  Ŵ34   Ѫɫɽʥ

ӰͽԲĳԻͬ˼·, һַ»ãʹ˲þ󷨣ֻԲĳԻֻܷΧĻ, Ӱȴ󷨸ı֮˵ò, Ϊȫһˡ

˵, Ǹ߼

ʵԲߣϾݣҲû취ڶʱѧ˵оֹ, һ˻, ͼ¶ڶ

ԲЩʺֻһ䣬ݱ, ֻһԭ򣬶ûѡáݳʥ, вһ, ˭أ

û, Ҳ̫˰ɡ

ԲͻȻԼЩ̫ʵ, ԱȻЩС׼׵˼

Ӱһһˣֻ֪ϤԷò²ĳӦò

ԲȻ֪λʥģȴΣԻʶڿ˸ӳָŽԲ޸Ӱϸڡ

󷨸ֳ, ֻ˰ʱͿ̺һöӰ

Բ߶ʯ˲˸۵޳, ټͨһ۷һΪ

ԭʥΪڣΪѪɫɽѾǶɽڵĴءԲԼ˦˦Ҳ˦˦Լӣٱ鶼Щ΢仯˽һ֪

ûлػֻq(s^t)rһ
ûˣɷɽڣǳ˵ΣѰ޶Լ硣

߰ɣʱˣǰﳤϹƶˡ

*

ʱĴ֮һæ˱ʹҴҸϻס

ΪŽҩ԰٣層ڳ˲ӣȻûҩݣⲻһЩĵԲȣڴʱԴ󷢡

磬ʹֹصıԡ

Ƕսİ˸ޣǽղű͹Ļڵޣû뵽նûŹΪ֪ҩݶϹ̨ϴ֣ɷ

ϵʱ򣬰˸˵Ϊһǧɣʱ޷ٻָ

ԭĵ޸ñߣƫƫջȥμһ¶ȵļ취£±ֻƺ

£δע⵽ˣкȵȡö嵤ִ˷֮ǰ־ԤУɴཫڰеĽҲϣŽİȥ

Ĳ粻ܵճʱ򣬻ĸҲһͬӸڵ˳
˻ʶкгһӣ˳ұһʯǰ

˲Ŷأ´һȦԱ̽۵üͷԬϣôֻǰأòỹûҩ԰°ɣ

ԬֱͬΪҩĸϣ˵ĸһ᲻ԸԷеķ̣Ԭֱǡ
廷ѩɽ·ͬСɣҲõʥᣬͲųϷˣյķ¸ֵ˰ɣ֪λϿ׼μļƷʯˣɱϴλһ͵ʯʧܣúõķ±˰¡

һڣҲЦݣʥҵΪףʯԲΪҩ˵ֹŽҩ԰٣вٵΪʳɷȱеģλǿؾŽҩ԰ĸˣε£û취׽ˡ

Ԭֱ±˵Уɫһ飬ȥΪɷе˺ֹҩ˵層ڱеĵ໹Ҫɣһ¾ʮλ˷ôԴָˣųҪŬˣ

q(s^t)rһ޴򶷱ɷ֪£Ҳҩ£Ǵʱ࣬ռҲЩΪͻ廷ѩɽһõġ

Ԭֱʧܣߵǰ档



ԲһгŲ΢΢һ١

ǵ廷ѩɽҩ԰±ϵΪˣô˵Ǳˣ
˪һѪɫɽӦ֣ʱҲڰǱ¶ˣǻ˭

Ѫɫɽڣǿȥôܲ͸硣

*

һ˳źʯߵͷһ޴ķԲС

ֻһεĸ̨м䣬ĵɢŽٸѵ棬ЩѾ˲ɷޣһˣʮڵĵޡ

層ڸ³ϡ

ԲѵΧɨۣЩŵİλǸðȻվУܻܿᱻǣɴߵǰĻԲ̨ڣ㵽Σյĵط

ǰҵˡȡ

ɨΧĮʯƬţҪȷ¿ʼŻȡСЩţ˿̫һԾӰš

á



һԲڵĵѸٶȵһȫķΧʱ

ԲסؿڣΧǰĵҿһ򲻹ܱܹǣ

ôˣ̷ʯʱͦġ١

ԲҪͣͼλϴվ𣬷ԾеĻθ̨ϡ

취¿ʼˡ

*

վθ̨дӵص׸һɫʯ̨һ·𣬳˶صĺɫʯ
ʯУڿһһ߲Ű϶οհʯ壬ˡ

Χĵ޼״׷״ѵȡԵļƷʯƬմ߶

ʱӯɫڼƷʯĻԹ⡣
ǻԹһ׼Ͷʯοյķ϶λãʱοʯյһŴļƷʯ

Բվλպʯͻ̨Ƕλм䣬ĸϣҲһǫĸҾĵޡ
϶οʯ屻ɫԹ˻еȣʾ顣

ڿֻɨһȦ֪öƬﶼûԼһ˿꣬˵ҵһöЩ

ѵ³ɷ緢ѲڸˣܣһԸΪ֮½ƿأɣ³ɷӦҲȫ׼º󻼡

ɼȻƬֻ˭

ԲձҪ뿪ûʱȥˣԼȴܲ졭

ȻԲӰ̳ˣ硭

ͷ˼СѣҪѰöƬͷȥһط

ԲûеԥֱʵȥĶ

ȥĵѪߡ

*

ⳡ취һʱŸԽԹ˳źɫʯ򶥲ȥͬʱ層ѪɫʯҲ΢΢ɢŹâӦⳡ취¡

˽һʹɫֻҪ飬ȴҪƷʯֱοʯϣΪ鹩ý顣

ȵ½еʯƬû˵ġ

ٻָҲðºˡ

ʱ޷ᱻĵ޸Ͻȣʱֻͬһߡ

Ѫɫɽеİλڵޣһһȵļ취£һֱάһ΢ƽ⡣

Բڼ취͸ĵޣ˳ȥ

ڵĹҩԲͬһ۵пݣ߹пյĳȺϾ͸µʯݣʧ

пյĺ糤ϣͨʮرµʯף֪ͨĵصס

ʯ·һƬŸµĺɫ׳أԲҪȥĵѪߣ׳

˸⿿ΪѪɫɽʥסڵѪ֮С




177.  177  Ŵ35   

취½еʱ, ԶڹеĴ³ɷһöѪɫʯҲӦ⡣

ʯʢǰԹԵѪɫɽڼ죬乩ҲΪֹ, ˳ڡ

һûɢ, ã뿿ͻ, ûʲôϣˡ

³ɷ罫ĿתǰŵӰʯ

ӰʯڣڵĵڻӦŴͻȻӿײޣǰı, ɷյǱ

һӱߴ, ȻѾЩ飬ϧǲ֪Լȥķ, ΪǱõĹڡ

ôãҲʱûȥˡ³ɷɫɢĴվ, , Ѫɫʯֻͱմ, »˻˵ӡ

ݳ˹, 콣ڵ

*

Դϴޱ쾵󣬴оͿɼĿճ˲λãһЩɢСֻʣڵһޡ

³ɷ˷׷վ

ʦǽ쾵ھѾһˣôûϢҲûǺʦֵǻ, ᲻˰
ڵճӻʯͻȻѿ, Ӱʯȴûмڵʽ΢𲻵ãҴŵӣԸ˴δΣԴȫϽɣ

³ɷ綼Ҫߵ̨ϵĽŲ΢٣Ͷȥһۡ
շתһ¹ȥֱղ˳ȣϧˣһжѾˡ

β´ߵ̨ϺŴзųһ˶ӰʯӰʯйâתƬ̺ͶӰ

ĸ˾ϤӰԴһﻯڳ䴩
ĶһƬյĺںɷ

⾰һо

⣬Ĵڵôܵ쾵ȥˣ
ǴôˣѵҲȥ˵ģ
ǰǲǲ˵˵ĶѾҪˣôһתҲ쾵ȥˣ
ô೤ϣǳĳУ̫ȥ˰ɣ
ǡɷ

ɷĸһʱһŵĳĬ

Ҷתע׷׿ԼŵӰʯͬڵǻڷɱյõҩֲ

ڷӦӰʯǼٵģ

һٴڡ

³ɷ˳ò˲üɫĿڣλ쾵ͻ䣬Ӱʯֱ٣Ĵڲĳô붼δ޷˳ˣٳȥҲ޼£뷨ӽǾȳ˵

ɫƣƣҲ˵ǵ

վڽĻȴ׽³ɷ紽һŵüͷ

³ɷ磬̫Ծ

éɽںڵӰʯķʯĸéɽڵӰʯϡ
ʯоһתһּɴڵϤӰҲͬɷ׷
ķʯŲӰʯеľȴܵʲôӰ㣬ֱ˺Ӱʯͬ

Ӱʯڲ⣬øʯӦûòŶԣôӰʯһݡ

ⲻӰʯУ

ΧɨһȦܿͷֳǽϵʯԻļֻ󷨸߳е޷ֲˡ

ȵȣʯĵ޲³ɷ簲ô

³ɷ磬Ȼéһƽ˵Ļ죡

Ŀ´µֽ߬Ůػ쾵ڣʱֿ޼£ֻ취ʱ䡭ͷںݺݱۣߵй䡣

֪ѣ˶Ҫվȵڻıȴס⣬ӹĽңȻ뿪˴

ߺ󲻾ãдͷļžԺ֮³ɷ磬ǿбƿ쾵ںõǸϽ

֮Ҫٰڵ޺ƿ쾵ı磬ҲУվ쾵ԡ

³ɷվλ޶Ѿվãһ˿Եļ

һӦǧˣˡ

ȵ˵֣ҲᱻΪҲٱⷽԲ֮أʱ᰽綼Ϊ

ţ

˼ҪʱȴһԺ˽

һ˴ҴС

Ϊ֮ϽۣƷڵԨŶʮڵĳϣơ

³ɷ۾ǹ𣬡ԭôˣѵҲ˵еҪæĳɡ

Ԩŭϣ³ɷ磬ƭˣӰʯνɷԵݵôĴûн쾵ڹڣһѾȥˣ޹

˵վһ߿ǰӣķʯһöķӡʱ
һŵӰʯָ̻˸Եľ

ЩǰŻںĵǣžӰʯڿ񱼣˳ӵɷԼٶȳ׷

³ɷԼųӰʯڣԴǰеĴȴˣӰʯֻʣ»һƬ



Ȼת˶

⣬⵽ô£
³ɷǸƭӣ
ҵĵأͲ𣿡
⵽ô£

û뵽Ԩ仰˵ڷΧ³ɷɫ䣬ͷŭͻȻųŨҵĺ֮ʱ佫˶ڣ

֮ԽŨ˵ΪҲƤ´ӻڽڽͣڡ

˾Ԩɿ̧飡

ǣĶʮڵѴվλķ

һɫķʱ³ɷͶ˹ȥ

󷨻û䵽ϣ쾵ϾȻֵһסâסͬʱӰʯп񱼵ڵ޵Ҳյ𵴽һ

Ȼ󾪡

⣬³ɷ磬㣬ô쾵й
öѾĴ𣿡
Ǿ黤ͣһͣҪɱ³ɷ磬Ȼ쾵ڵĵҲҪˣ
ƭǣ

³ɷĺ̲סЦһ쾵ûϲõ׼

ĿһתŭĿԨˣһӣ

³ɷ粢ͨڵޣпɵ׽ٵ쾵סʱһ磬쾵ǰ˴ߣҲԨһǱɢɵҲΪ̣

ԨΪ󷨷ǼѪû뵽ԼôˣȲ϶ԷһһŭȻδڣͼ³ɷһƣ

һ˲оⶵ£ֻգ۹͸ͬųϾʧһƬ谵֮У

Ԩˡ

ˣ㣬㽫Ķˣе̲סŭһڣҲйȥһ⣬ڵĸҲӰ

³ɷĿûյ㣬β֮ɫΧϢq(s^t)rһһС󷨣Ϊ˸νĺһֽˣΪܳʲô𣿡

תͷ࣬Ȼô֪Ԩ䣬Ǿһȥɣ

ǣԭվһ޴Ⱥи˳

󲿷ֶڵĻڳϣµĶʮɢޣмǰٻȺڵĳϡǵΪڣѾ˻ڣ

³ɷ磬Ȼͺڲˣ

ֱʱ˿̣޲ʶ³ɷ絽һ̶壬ɴʱ˿̣˷ڣ
³ɷһˣڵΪѹס֮ˣ˵˿̻ʮڰ֣

мҵԲԸȺԾҪ³ɷһƱڵأ֪

˼ѹ󣬵޷

³ɷ紽ǹõٴδ߶쾵˶ȥȥѪɫɽ

ǣ




178.  178  Ŵ36׽棩   ¡

Ѫɫɽ, ԲָѶµʯСš

ƳףԽײѪɫɽĽԽ, ԲѾ콣ൽ, ܼ¡

ԭｭԲֿĳû뵽öûͣ, ŷŵļ콣ʣһΪƽƽ, ͦ, ʯֱõ֡

ûԲȻ֪

ÿҪһ磬˿׼ʯ
еѾѲԲ, ֻ˹ʱһۣܸ̳Էϵ, ϧӵ翪ʼ, źվ˲ĵ, Ҫÿ˵ݡ

˰, ûȵܲβȥĵޣЩżˡ

ҲЩ꣬ҼǵõסŲٵޣż꣬˾ôˣʱѾǵڵʱѰط, ٳ͵õȵˡ

䣬ʯϾиñŮ޹˳

Բɳһȥ

Ů޴߶, е޴ӽ̽ͷʾժñ

ļģ

Ů©˰ͷñֺҶꡣ

ɡ

ҶЩɳƣԲ΢΢Щ㶣Ҷ˽磬æϡ

Ҳ̫ˣӦǴڵôܻѪɫɽ

ԲҶ꣬һ·ֹ˵Ĳ磬ֱ߲ǰԷŹһԵʯڡ

Բȡȣǰҵ߲ǰˣô죿

߲绹Ҫһʶûô׻ȥˡ

ЩƣЩٵȵȣӦһʯĵޣʶ㲻õģڣᴥԤԻѹƵЩ˵߲ٽҡ

á

ԲƬ̣Ȼһ˵ĵ޴ʯתг

ں棬˳쵽˵ڰ˲㡣

ڰ˲ʯݾ͵ˡ

û뵽ܿصĵطȻֻһϤĺɫʯţԵĶ
ΧֻѪɫʯɵĺɫװ壬صҽ濾ţĺ⡣

޽͵ɫʯԣĶȡʯϺѸٵ˳ȥ

Բŷ֣װŵƬƷʯƬ

ɫʯϸպҲ¶ʱʱǸοʯ塣

ֻʱ˿̣˱ȥƬƷʯƬοյʯڣȻһ鼫ļƷʯƬոţɫʯϵο·ţӺɫɢŰ׹⡣
ΧҽӵѶѪʯѹţ¶ȶܸоõöʯƬȴֻһ۾˾ѹֳƣһΪߵĵް㣬Ųӡ

Բһϸʯжһ˫۾

Ȼһ㼱ˣˣظлǲɱĶ֮ʶжӿһ·Ѫ

ۡԲûסһѪ

ʱ򣬵ȻѪ絽ϣӽסˡ

Լһֻֻż콣ĽʣһֻȣѪڽ˰ͻУεȺͼ콣Ľϡ

ȻСѣǡ˸ˣ

ԲѾ˼ö굤Ҳ֪Ϊʲôʶвûѹסڣ˼ٴûѪȴѾ⶯ɥʧ־

ȵ淴ӦԵʱѾһͷԵڵأԲѡ

ʶڣݣлӡѹƣҲס𵴡

*

ڽԲԺ󣬼콣Ͼ͸һ⽫Բͷβ

ʯϵļƷʯڣлתѣٶһ˫а۾˽Բڡ

Ƭ̺ﴫһϸȴЦҷ˸ʲôȤ˻ӡӡȻͬʱܵѪɫɽˣҪϹƻ˵ķɣ

ȴڴʱ߶󷨣ʯЦͣ

ʱ䣬Ϲô۾һбͶ׹⣬ϵĽԲ͵ĳ

һ˲кҷص޴ӽ˽

³ɷ硣

ǵԼĵ̣˶ԵüΪɣ߼䶯ɢҲ˿ѹɢɷϢֻھԲɹĵطʱ΢΢ͣ١
룬ˣ

ǼƷʯڵĻ֣³ɷϸЦһ
ôҪɱˣԼҲ˿۽硣

³ɷ紽ϵЦ΢üɫ룬Ҳ㶯֣´óȻ֣Ĺ˵

ʱըˣϹԼҪҸᣬٹ£ǧ֮ڣһ˻ûѰ˰ɣ뵽㵽ʱҪһµҾ;ǧ尾ֵˣԼΪ޴ĿܣǲǺܼ尾ѣǲǷ˷Ҫı䣿ϧϧ޻ĵĵ޹ⱲӣԶҲֻܻһùϣ󱲣

˵ļ죬³ɷ类ѾŨɷ֮Ȼӳһ˺ɫʯϡ

ֻžડһŵƬʯƬö漴ʯڼʹĺ

³ɷţ˿ΪȵƷʯڵȻЪֹŵ˵ۣǻȥһôĳٴ̵ߵʯǰʧ

֮󣬱˯ȴٶڼƷʯۣΪöʯ䣬۾ﶼһ˿ɫ·զ֮£ͳɷһ޶

³ɷ磬ĥǧֻ꣬Ϊһ޲ɼΣұҪۼ飬㿴ʲôкţ

ʯڶȻһת㽫ͨȫᣬ»ԵĽԲڡ

ȵ΢ɲ飬ŷ·õѰ㳤̾һ׳š

*

ԲģӸղžһƬξ֮С

ȻһĿϤĴε콣ڵεӣ룬ȻСĵӣȴΪĶΪĿĴڡ

СС;ͨ˽⣬ʱʹһͨӤڣ޶

գʦǰɽһؾнɱֻҵޣȴڷʱԳƽѵĻǰæ·

ϵöԷĽƣûлɵĽǴţȴתͷʹɱ䣬һ·ɽŰɱҪʦͨ齣ġ

ϵ꣬ôܵޣҪˣ

ֱʱʦ˵ģʲô˼

ձʦɴӴ֮ʱʱе޶˴콣ڣҪĽġ

ջ̻УҲԸɽԼںɽһʮ꣬ȵʮ޶ħʱһ

ʦౣסȴûܵסħ

ʧǲɽţȥΪĽݣ¼

;Уʶ³ɷˡ

ʱ³ɷֻһɢޣȴ츳׿Ȼ롢һ˻Ӥڣֻһꡣ
ҪѰ˳׵һ˿

˽Ĵ޻̸ĺѣĳħڱ³ɷ֪ԼʵݣҲ֪ǽаĴѰõĽ֮

а޵ĹԴаҪϰȥֻѰıѹڵħ

û뵽ǣӵн֮˵Ҳħħ

ʱѾǾ᰽պ󷨴ʦ벻ħţɴཫԼ֪һֻħ󷨴롣

ôķ˳׻ڣӵԱ֮

ҲΧɽٺижζҲɹ˻ڡ

֮Уֻ³ɷȻͣڻӤڲö
˺꣬˳ںȻڻӤڲô

˼ɴ˶³ɷ翪ʼϰżȻõԴɷа·

һαװĿϰаҲաܶǰֵԸ

һ·Ȼῴ䣬뿪ʼԼĽİ壬оȸ󣬰ڵɷ

˺³ɷΪվ̶̰ھͻ˻Ӥڵƿ뻯ڡ

ԭԼ³ɷںͷϵԴɷ߻;³ɷȴڳ󷨺ͽĵĺôһʰڵϦŭ˶ˡ

˼ֱǰҹͻȻɷʼĴӣ֮ƽ᰽綼ϯУ

³ɷȻԼµĴ£ȻһأһΡ

޹ޱǸԶߵķʱȴĳͻȻˡ

Ѱ޹죬³ɷ֮£ֻôһڡ

Դ˹ǱԸ֮ʼ

ҲǴʱ֪һеĻ֮ˣε³ɷһ¡
Ϊ˳ɽڣϧĴ󣬽᰽綼Ĺǣȴǡǡҡ

Ȼ򣬿һѾˡ

ڽ³ɷ߹ҲǸڵͨޣֻԼķȥ³ɷԿ

͵˶ɷ󴫳УֽԼµԸ֮һ棬Դ˿֮·

ʱ룬ҲԼ³ɷĺڰġ

ξľͷԲڼڣ³ɷһյɷĥĽģĥٶħ

³ɷȴӲɴཫĽ˳һöƷʯڣʯǿйԴ֤Լĵıѡ

û뵽ڰǰħ٣ܴﵽЧټûľ³ɷϵɷʼܿƵķһΪ

ٶΪ˱־ڣȲѵɢȥΪԼľ籣ڡ

³ɷһжصɿصľеĹؼ󴫳С
ʼĴɢ󴫳жʧΪ档

ϧ̫ӹȵ³ɷԸʱ޶࣬ԳʱڽƵ˸ɽϡ

˴սٸغϣ˶ӣ³ɷҲɵɷ˻ص˹ڡ

гϼ׷ɱ棬ԼҲɷɵǰգٴɢȥΪһ룬ͽһѪɫɽڣպѰ취á

ȴϼڵƷһֱڵһ죬ڷѪɫɽںԶƷĻǷ˹ڣط͵С

ϧʱѾˣԸٽΪЩʲôɴཫԴ֮콣ڡ

֮󣬱µجĴ

콣ڵļȴڱ󣬱ڵӰ͵ߣԴ䲻

ԲһֱڼڣһԹߵĽɫΧⳡֵ֮ĺƽ١

ʵ󣬼Ǳ콣ڵĵ͵ߣǱǱڵ̽͵ߡ
ҪڵĽģ޲ڴǧȴɷбȾĻܺˡ

ѾĻǺͽľĲ࣬ϼڰæ֣һԭ˳û뵽ıĵڶգ³ɷͳˡ

һ֮˼ڼеĵޣȴϼѾĽĺͻܺڣѾĻֻĵһ룬㱻ڵĵԱˣٴ˻Ѫɫɽˡ

ٳʱѾӾ᰽糹ʧҲΪһ뽣ģ

ɽʧһ룬ǧʱһֱڻܣȥ³ɷɶ㲻Ľ֡

ɴҹźң󣬰д䣬ԶɷĻӡ֮Ѱһ뽣ġ

³ɷ򲻻뵽ԼѰѰȥĻӡʱ˿һ뽣ģƤӵ¡

λѣҲھĬУϳ˱˴˵ݡ

Բһڱʶڷڵĺ˾ʹѣۺ㷢ڶһֵıڣһ·ĴϮɺȡ֮һѱѿصĿ

ЩʶڵĻ˷˺ϣòҲһ羡٣

ĴϮΪ٣µͻᱩѪ

һ˲䣬ԲھҵʹѪӿɹɳԲֻʣһͷ

ȥ




179.  179  Ŵ37   Ӥ

žĵص, Ѫɫʯҽ˳⣬£һƬɵĺС

еĺɫʯϣһöɫʹʯײ, ӿһԽԽŨĺں֮

Ǻں֮ȹеɷΪ, ֮Ƶĺɫʯơ
ĳ˲ȴͻȻϢֹ, ٶȳʱѾԳһճһƬ֮ɫ

е, ϳʱŻеĹâ, ǰɫģص׵Ķ, ȴǺɫġ

ɫڣԲϻðڵĺں, ˵־˺, һɷŰľʹ, һǿпڵγɶ죡

̨, 徻еɷ

һķת̸巨һɷȻ͵Ҫ֮ס

Ȼطڱɷϯƻ, ֻҪûǣ

ʱһһĹȥԲ, ѭ£ұɷȻĳ̺ٺұӿȹ˼Ѩѭת

֪ķ֣ԼȻһν

򣬶һΣȻõɷ

Բʱðһɺ⡣

û뵽ԼǧûܷסɷţȻȹѨϣһɷȻĴŰٶصղŵΣ֮У

뷨ӳ׳ɷ

죬ɷаϢǲ˽Բģв֮⡣

ԲûᣬҲ˿ҷɣԽƴת巨

ɶ֮ɷԳѭԴԴƾת巨ȻԶԶ

ȻɷԶΪʲô֮ܶ

˲ˮʯķӣ⵽ڽɷڣ

Բת̷ֳһ˿ɷѭһµѭ

ҪǧĲܳɹ黷˵ȴֻһĵĹʽ֡

ڽһѭЩɷݻٵѪ⣬ڿʼɫͬʱһӿ

ԲУɫȻܸо֮ʱܹ˵̫ࣿ
Ͳˣһת巨һֻסµһɰ޸ƣѾжˣ

ɴԼɫɻǹɷ֮䡣

ʱ˿̣Ѿͬʱת죬һɷ죬һ죬һɱԳɵ޸졣



һʱðŵĺɫâɫԽԽγ󳹵ױ֮ɫ

â£ֳһڽԲɫ֡

һһףԼ㻥棬һרĻŽԲһڷ޸ڵơ

ڸĵطԲڵɷŰߡÿÿѪụݻԺ󣬽Ըٶ޸ԭ״

оȻ㲻϶ã˵Ƿĥͼ尾

ԱȸտʼɷݻҪѨʱʹ㲻ʲôˡ

ʹ󣬽Բüġ

һֱڵȶҲֻ꼻һ֣ɷϢԶԤϵĸΪºӴ󣬵ӣڶֱӷӡ

ʡʱ䲻ˣҪƳʵԲʶӣʼѰɹ洢ɷλá

ѨλѾɷδݻ٣ѪҲΪðսʶ

ʶȻȴ׶Ǻ滹Ǻף̫ʡ

ѲҪ⵽ɽϣ

ɽǵ޵ĻǺģȷɷ᲻ʵ䷴Ҳֻᱻ׹ơ

ǡڽԲüɫ䷨ʱʶڵıɽϣȴһֵ

ǰһŷѩɽϵѩˣȻʱӣ
һƬѩɴʱ˿̣ѩȴۿɼѩɽ͸
صʲôط

Բʱ˸ղŻʱǳֵξ

ǸģôˣӦǼµһ˿ӡ

ĶôӦǼΪ̵İɣ

ʱҲܲôˣ

Բ߬ȭͷƬѩһĻӡ˵ȻǶɷ꣬͸֪жΣ˰ɣټֶʱͿƲסɷˣֻܽԾлʶɽ֪ٵŵ㣬Ͼһپ٣һ𣬵ȵգܼ˰ȻҲٶЩӣһŬвУ

ѩ˾Ȼ

Բںģ춸Ȼһת˻ʶڵѨλ

䣡

ɷʶ룬˲ֵҰ볯ϯŰȥ

ƫƫԲڶÿÿ嵽Ե㱻ǿѭɷ巨ҲĽɢȥϢȻ

Բרѭûǹһ֣īΰֽԭ֮ƽƬããʶѸȾ֮ɫ

ӦԺбȻһֻʲôѿ

ŷָʲô¶ƤͻȻߵ¶Ⱥ濾ţڴѣ

ʲô

Բ´󾪣˼һңҪæʱͷ׿һһĽɷþȫʶ԰ıɽȥ

ɽ⻬Ҳֻлӡڵλòз϶ɷǰԲĵ˿˺ü巨ŽɷһԹ˽ȥ

̡˱ɽɷ˿Ƶ

ֵĹ׷Ҹϵֽࡣ

ɷԽԽĹǻӡڣѪױǣ˶Ѹƽ

Ϣɷڱѹƽ˻ڣԲҪʲôסʱʶе캣ˮȴƮһöͬɫѩ׼ĸȱ֮ϡ

ɷʵڻ伸ȴײһ죬һöѩѹƣö

ˣԲ͵غһһ֪ĴʹĶҲɿʱ׽

ˡ

Բأƨɺݺˤ˸졣

ۺȴ˲ⶡʹԭر˱ģ첲ȶúõģְӿȣղŻƵƤҲָһɵ̱ڵء

ԶתĿ˿ԼΪ

۾

ӤڣζȻ˻Ӥڣ

⣬ôܣԲһ𣬲ŵٴӡ

ش˵飬ˣܲסֻҪ˻Ӥھͱɡ
ھȻһ굤ڣ˻Ӥڣ

ȵȣȻ˻ӤڣĻӤأ

ԲʶӣѰһȦɫ졣

ز٣ȷ˻ӤڣȴûнӤ

źڵĿխ̶һģһ

ΩһڵѾڳɵɫǺʶͬһֵɫ

ҲǺɫɫȴԺ;ᵽĻɫֲ̫һ

Բ̽˸ӡȻ˺ɫɷ鶼û״꼫ȹ̵ĸо

ͺ񡭡ȫˣ

ֹ֡һ¿˿

Ȼ㿴Աߵõȡ

ԲߣͷһСѡû

Բ

ǰȻûҲˡһеô£ôͻȻһɷ֮Ҫ㴫ҵ巨ҿͷˡ

滹棬ǿ£̷츳ˣԴ֮ϮĶܴѲ˰˰ٱӵĹʺҲĺ

ԲǺǡ

ԣϣԼֻһͨˡ

ǰ㻹û˵⵽ô£˵Դ֮Ǹղעڵǹ⵽ʲôҺˣ

ͣޣƳ۶ͷϷͳļƷʯ飬ЦԴ֮Ȼָ֮Դɷ֮ɷԴͷڣ³ɷ뽣ĺҲŵС飬ȴû뵽ļ£ԲԴ֮ϰԴɷɹĵһˡ

ԲʸɰͰ͵ɤӣֻ춼ˡ
ǰ˼˵ҳϰԴɷĵһˣ

ͳµĶԴˣ




180.  180  Ŵ38   мӡ

һ䲢, յߣͼ³ɷͻȻܻĵߵ˺ɫʯǰ

ʯǶŵöʯƬź, ļƷʯȴۿɼ, ѾЩۻ
鼫Ʒʯڣ³ɷ統ڳһ뽣ĺԴ֮, ôΪĴڡ

ֻ뿪˲Ϣʯͻһ룡

³ɷ粢δֽԲĴڣֻΪһжʯΪ׼õһϷ, Ŀѵŭ, 룬㾹ȻҪʯ٣

һȭںɫʯϣֻһ, ʵʯѿһ죡
ԭƴʯ飬ɢȥĩ, ֻʣָһػ΢ķŰ׹⡣

ֻҪٹ, Щ쾵ĵ޾ͻᱻѪɫɽ, ؽ˴, ʱܣԴ֮Ҳᱻ׾Ҳó׵ɣ

ȴƫƫʱ£

³ɷɫŭ󷴶Ц룬ΪûԴ֮ͽ, ס𣿡

öƷʯƬοʯϣȡһöѪɫʯ߶
層г, ̴ʯٴμеϳͲ

˳Ѫɫʯ˲䴫層ڴССĵط

æĳǷ׷ɫͻ䣬
ʱ̲ôôգʥͻҪٴξһμ취£

ҶЩͻȻתۣȾۼԲȴûȵɫʯ𣬷Ѫɫʯڴ³ɷܻŭ

Ŷ̵صѪ
ƷʯڵĻѾû취ƶˣ

ʱ˿̣ԲҲںɫʯ棬͵³ɷŭȡ

³ɷһںɫʯ⣬һںɫʯڣֻȭͷ濴˴ˡ
ϻö̺õĻʶ٣뽭Բͻᱻ³ɷ統ɼƷԭ׼ˡ

ԲףԭһҶ³ɷҪ˶ټԽĻš
ɱ԰λڵĵ޴̼ˣǰ³ɷҪ˶йô죿

սӤڣΪȣڻֵֹûлӤ˭֪ʱ᲻ͻȻӣһ㼫пй¶١

Ϲȴûлش⡣

Բ̽ӽȥŷĻھҶţܵʲôӰ죡

ǰôˣ

ŵ̾æһʶбаʲôٿ

ͬʱҲڱСѣҵһ˿꣬ڸýԲμʱļ취£ΪѰԼµһ˿꣬û뵽ĳֺ󣬷ԼܵӰ졣

߽׵Ӱͽ׵꣬˿꣬ΪѵԲ˵ɽڣģ

ɵ³ɷˣûͱɷ׸ѵ֮󻹷ʲô£

ͽԲ˴˶ӣ뿴Χ



ɫʯ⣬ʮڳѾҴҵִصѪߡ

ǿ³ɷɫͳĶǰοʯ壬ʯڵļƷʯƬҲԾ˸񣬶µ֮ǲ򵥡

Ƭ̺гϱ㶼ѵ롣

³ɷǽƬοʯϣöƬ̺ɷֹ֮סԴ֮ɢƣһ

룬ӳһֱڸ鷳ɢǰҪң
׼ڴ֮ǰͷ

³ɷһڣԸȥӽʮһڴ˴Ѫʯ̻

ǣʥڵٴӦŵ

*

³ɷŵùĳϿʼţ߶Ѫɫʯʼ˽

ԲŶעһֱںɫʯһϡ

ϵĶԼҲǰꡣ

ǰ˵һöʯƬеƬӦöʯϲŶԣѲﻹвŵʯƬ

øȥ

һڵ޿ʼ½½뿪ԲЩżˡ

ɫʯͨ޷죬ҽرʲôݵؾݷʹȥô󣬻ߴȥ

ڴֳ̾ͻᱻ³ɷ緢֣ʲô취ܳȥֲᱻ³ɷ緢ֵģ

Բһ˲Զɫʯϵѷ졣

޾֮·а취ˣ

̴߳һ˿϶˹ȥ
£ûκ˵ע⣬Բ˳ı㽫⼸ѷصһʹʴ



ǡ

½뿪صѪߵڵ޶һ˿ͻȻĹҶͣƬ̣
Ȼ㿴ǧĺɫʯڻ

ʥˣѪʯѿˣ˵ĸαʯƬ

̲סг

һõ޶ͣ뿪ĽŲ

³ɷҲɫٳĿǴ

ȷΪɫʯһȭͷҲ֪ԼΣʯǧѪɫʯɣôܱһƾ飿

ɴʱ˿̣ɫʯȷڴѡ

³ɷڶˣųһĨںɫ뽫ʯǿжס

ʯڵļƷʯΪ⶯ֿʼĩ³ɷ״һգóȻж

ڴʱеѪɫʯٿų⣬ڰ͸һֵѩ·

һ˲ѩӰʧ

мӡˣ

³ɷ类תע⣬ֻʯ帽סؼĵط߶Ѫɫʯ

䣡

һľʯۿյء

³ɷѪɫʯҲ˵Ĵ߶󰲾

ڵ̽Ѿ̽˻ӡ䣬ߴȥץˡ

ʯ

³ɷǱ䣬һڵޣ˵ɣ˭֣



ڵޣ

ɫʯ̮һ£Ǳƶ£³ɷڿѪɫʯڴѶϢû˿ǴӺδҲ֪϶Χ˰ж֡
ѪɫɽȹȫʹʯϽɣĻ
³ɷû뵽Ȼ˸Ƥ¶֡



һڵ޶³ɷ綢ͷƤ飬Լʥһ

׽Բ鿪ĺɫʯСһ
ղʯڣ̫ܿЩ޵ӣڳ˲ŷԼޣҶꡣ

ϧΪʯ̮ŪĶеĵ޶ͣԭأȻҶ֣Ҳֻܸںվеȴ³ɷġ



ڣΪԲҶľ룬ƲסҪȺһƬڡ
˳ȥˣֻ۽ԲһǧĴ𰸣Ҳõ

ɴ˴־ȶ



гĬӣ³ɷ絽Ҳûȵ˿

֪ʱҲֻܵˣͷķȻû˽Ǿͬ۴˶뿪ȥ߲ţûҷԸû層ڣҴͷں㣡

ڵ³ɷ绰еĺ⣬ͷһݣӦŵתʱȴɨΧֻԼձ޹ۣ˵ÿɺޣԭûʲô˼ҲΪ³ɷ⻰˲

һڵڵ˳뿪

*

ԲҶ˳ֵ߲ʯߣһֱеĵ޶˸Եڣɳһ

ǰҶҲʯţ뷿Уȴ⽫Ƭ̣Բԥ˷Ҳ˽ȥ

ŸվʯеҶЦһɣһ·ҵ浱ʲô֪ô




181.  181  Ŵ39   һöѩӡ

Բû

ܿ϶Ļʶ, ҶΪĻǷԼҲ֪λá

ԲûҶɫ, һתת, ȡöָ

һ֣ڵȻһ, ͬʱҶϵҲĵɢ׹⣬ָ˽Բڡ



û뵽ҶֱȼӦķѰλ, Բֳ, Ҷޣ벻ҪǰĻˡ

ĻǾǧʹܾסô죿

û뵽Ҷ˺, Բһ˿ŭ

ҶԲԹǹ, ȻֻǸӤڵŮ, Խζ

ΪѪڹһ, ԲǱ, һͨͰͣһЩ߽ǴѪĺں֮ɫ۾ľˣҶоǸ

ؤ

ôضԹ»ΪѾ˼Լ, ǴЩעһĵͷˣ˷á

ҶΪǵĽԲһߣԽ泩, Ц
ȻҲһ˿ǰĻǣ裬ػǰ洫治ءһ·ҹӦ뿴ǲǰɣ

Դ̣ڽԲԽ

û¶죬ֻǱץֻҡ
Ҷޣ㲻ҪᣬҲһӤڵĵޣôФĶղѪߣֲж߶ȣȻ˺ģҲˡ

˵վ˺ȴ߶

ĻʱҶеҲӦͶһ׹⣬볯ӿȥ

Ҷ״һֻһӣĻ°

ԲûлǣҲ³

Ҷ꽫ףԲ΢ɲĶţɫôղ˵Ҫߣȴְ̽˵ФǰĻ𣿡

棬ȴһһǰԲòƻҵſڡ

ڣҲżתСѣƻǶ̫Ҫˣа취ùذң

ԲԴİǰ⸱ֻƭҶ꣬һȡػǵģˣҪҶϣʲô

Է

ҶڿԲ䣬ˣ߲ȫʥԽȫ⣬ûܳȥﻹ㰲ȫ·ȥ

ԲŲһ٣Ҷ껰к壬Ҷޣ˼ԸʱﱣӸղſʼҶﲻǷų㹳ˡ

Ҷ¶Ԥеɫ¶ưվ𣬡޲ǽղű߲㣬ȴѾڴ˴ʮ꣬뱣ס㲻ֵ¶Ҳ԰߲Խöǵ򽻸㣬ֻҪһ¡

Ȼˡ

Բ㷲ĵͷ֪ҶҰʲô£ΪƽƽѪɫɽҲûʲôλ츳ֺһ㣬󷨻õó֣ûʲô֮ˡ

Ҷ¶Ц⣬ôûУõ裡

Բ

ҶװɵɴղѪڵ󷨣ʲô֣ǰģʥܺŪȥغǲס

֮⣬Ҫˡ

Ҷ걾ΪԲ̻ͬ⣬û뵽ںȴĬЩ֮⣿

Ѳնķ

Ҷˣ㽭ԲֻǻӤڣֵطļôͨ
˵ɣ֮⣬㻹ҪʲôԸ⽫󷨸ңԽ׵ҩ֮λߡԴ֮

ԲٿؿҶꡣ

ԼУҶһĨɱ⣬ȴܿɢ٣ԭҪʥµԴʯҲǣ͵͵ѪߣΪĲЩԴʯôֻҪ㽫󷨸ңұԳŵ취һƬԴʯ

ԲڼǰҶ˵ĿģˣڱԽ󷨽

ҶЦȴ䣬˵Ȼġţһԡ

Բɫϲקһʯ˫Ž˳ȥ
ǰҸղõ󷨣ԻˡԻʶ߶תһʱ˷֡

Ҷɫ΢΢ʯӹעʶ

ɷʯȴֻûзӦ

͵ضסԲң

Բŵһ£ҶҶϣôƭأ

ǰӹʯעԼĻʶһʧʯڡ
Ҷϣʯȷõѽ

ҶɫԵĽʯӹִ߶ΣȻûôͻȻ뵽ʲôüͷո˵ʲô

Ի󡣡

ʲô߶

Իʶ߶ԲȻסԼ죬⣬ҶϣòֻҵĻʶ󷨰ɣ

Ҷ׺ˣԼо󷨣ôöûôȻǻʶӡ󷨣Ȼֻп֮˵Ļʶã

ԲȻ֪ʶ󷨵ľԣоĻʶ󷨣ֻҪķţҲá

ֻû̸Ҷ꣬¶ӰˣȵΪԼûвǳֵʱ

*

Ҷһٻ˵꣬ԲηηĶͷɴõֻһȭͷ޻ϣͬʱȴ΢΢һ˿
ΣǸģֻĻ

Ҷ΢΢ˣΪޣѧزѾףȻǻʶ󷨣˵ӦûԴһˣô

Բϴɣ̻صҶϸ߼󷨵ȷܴһˡ

Ҷ˿ҲǿˡһȥѪߣ󷨹ܲáܱܹʥЩϣ֮ǰĳŵͻ
ѰͿԴܵߣԲպÿԴЩΪԼ򡭡

ҶЦŽԲϲɫӦ¡

󽭰Բ߶󷨣˱ʯңصѪ߿

*

һ·߰˸ޣȴûԲҶһ㣬ֱֱ˹ȥ

Ҷ״ͷ󶨣߲ͨ紦ʯһͽԲ˳Ѫߵײ

ϵĺɫʯѾɾٶȻָǰǰտּȵӡ

Ϊ³ɷķԸѪڻʮڳϣʯΧĿʯָʯ顣

ǶŵİöʯƬ΢ɢŰɫâڰɫѪڣΨһɾĴڡ

ҶŷͽԲಽĵڸţȻ֪Բ󷨿٣ȴлɡ

ת˺üȦȷûбκε޷֣Ҷų׷ģŤͷԽԲ
󷨻㿹ã߰ɣȥһʥڡ

ԲʥңҶϣʲô˼ôҪȥΣյĵطǱʥֱ֣Ӿûˣ

ҶЦһʥѾ뿪Ѫɫɽȥ廷ѩɽˣ̽ʱ䣬㽫סҸұ֤¡

ԲСӦ£ͷʱĿȴҶȡ̽ڵķϡ

һöֻаƴ󾧿鷨

ڷУɢ⣬껨ܷȥ

ǡһöѩ

öѩ˲䣬ԲȷԼĶ

ڴʱҶͣǽһɫǳĵطһ
ҵˣ




182.  182  Ŵ40   Ҫһ


³ɷҽ缫Ϊ, ҶѰغڸ˻󣬿ʼƽ

öѩ˳ֹҵ䣬ζ䲻ŽԲע⡣

Բջ, סȡ
ڶ, вʮڵ޵ע⣬ȸſҶ굽ʲô

һ, Ҷ꽫򿪣ŽԲҡ

û뵽³ɷعؿڣȻª, ھֻһʯ, õĻѪɫʯɡ

ͬҽ濾ţѪɫʯɢŵ

ε棬ȴһǧ꺮Ƴɵıǽ

Ҷ꿴ǽڵĶ, ۾һ

һǶڱǽڵľ޴ףʢװûѪɫˮ, ʯںӡ, ϡܱһޡ

ҶѾѵ߳˽ԲĽ, ǽǰסǸʯס

ɾڴʱ, ȴȻһ𣬡ˣΣգ

ԲͬӦĺ˼ֻһ룬ʯڵѪˮȥ¶˹һϮµޣ
͵ͨ˫, ֱֱ˲Ʊ׺ͺҶ깥˹ȥ

ҶҲԵȡȥ, ˲սһš

ԲȺˣڶǽϣĳһ˲Ƴ޵ݺȴޱȵס૳
ʱ塭ǰ

ڵޣʧµʱģ

ԣȷе˵ʱ

䣡

ҶӳһƣʱˣԽࡣ

ԲҲ侲üͷ
ȻʱǰһɿΪȫƾܣûа·ǡһ߿

Ҷһαʱקһ߶һ


ʱ嶼ҪһƴǰȴΪͣ£˾ȭָ˹ڵӡ

ԲĿһ˲²⣬ĿһתЩ΢١
ҶסʱĶöѩ

öѩȻһֽķ

Ҷ꽫ʱ嶨ס¶ϲתһתһ߻ѩĶġȴ˻Ρ
ĶԭֻɢŰɫԹѩʼֵĹâ̡տϣÿҶͣһһµɫ

ԲԽľ

Ҷɫȴڸɫú
ȴͷŻιһ飬ѩձ˻ҺɫҲһֱһ䡣
³ɷ磬ȻֺŪ˵

Ҷ갵ܻ߿ȴϸѩı߽ǴһĨ졣

ǸǽԲڣ

Ҷ겻ŵĴ˴еķɫȷɫԲ˹ȥ

ÿһǰѩϵѪɫԽԣߵͽԲλʱѩѾɳ׵֮ɫ

ԲУֻԷж̷

û뵽ߵߵҶȴɨΧ󣬶ˡǽڣ

ڽԲ𾪵ıУҶ꽫ѩǽϣǽ

˰ĽԲ

˻Ҷ꣬ô̫ӣ

ѩǸӦĴڣűɫȻΪǽںĶ

Ҳá

Բ̳ǰĿʱȥ

Ӹղһվԭأֻһ˫۾ͨǰԿհ޲޺ۡ

Բ˴ĸ첲

ǧ꺮ϾȻЩ¶ȡ

᰽ĿѾȽô

ȵȣ뵽ʲôĽԲɫһְǿ˿ܵĲ졣

ǴȻһۡ

ʲôأҶǽ޹Բһ֣һ

Բ̵վûûʲôҶϣֻǾ̫ˣʥӡǲʲôô

ҶЦһһ߿ܣֺαǧ꺮ţҲµûӦþǵ³ɷĺ֮һ롣˵Ҳ֪̫࣬ҿҪͨǽˣҳ󡣡

áԲֿһתȥ

Ƭ̹ȥҶȻĽ䴩ѩʯڱ䱡졣
ڽԲҲΪԼᣬǽںʲôʱȴڴʱͻȻһЦһ
ѪɫɽǶ˲󱲣Ȼܽң

³ɷ磡

Ȼˣ

Ҷɫһȭ㽫ǰǽڳ䴩õܡ

ǽȴʲôûС

ֻҽûѪɫʯڵǰӿ

⣬ôܣأܺأѵ³ɷѾɣɷþ𣿡
Ҷ겻ŵĿǰľ૳Щ

ԲڴʱѸ֣еѩץ˹ȥ

û뵽ҶȻʱ򻹴ž裬˲ͺ󳷿㿪˽ԲĹ

еѩ֮ɫΪͽԲĶţЩλñ仯

Ҷ귽𾪵Ŀ˽Բ
ףѩָĸǽں󣬶ǽԵĽԲ

㣬ôнģ
Ҷʳһ䣬Ҿٶһ

ԭһٶȳ׷

³ɷ磡
廷ѩɽ޷ػԶ̲ٿŻ

*

Բֻһ˲㱻۵ǰ

Զһ󽭰Բִ

Ҷ껹վѿڴţò׻ͼӤڵĽԲȻ˸ƾС

Ҫ֪ǶɽڵĴڣԲֻӤڵΪȻ˿ɲ
ǰһֱڡʾ

Ҷһ䣬űüġ
ѰػܺˣֻýԲܳ£

öҲǰս֣ｭԲһԵУ

ķǶڸ첲ϵĻؼףǧȻȡöôȴڹؼʱ̱롣

Բʵûɣ³ɷڸ·ϣһսֻսپҶԼԥ˲ȡʯ

Ҷϣͷǣס֣뷨Ӱ·ӡ

˵Σ³ɷһȫ߶Խҵس˹

ﬣ

Ҷ걻Ƶýڽںˣؼ˲ϢͳѺۣ
ңҪѽԲСģһŤͷȴֽԲֻһֻں

һֻ֡

ڿ̷ʯ

ʲôʱ뷨ܣȻڿ󣿡Ҷһ㽫ؼ״Ӹ첲ж£ǿ潭Բһơ

һƺ󣬽Բķʯڿ꣬Ȼһɫ⡣

һ޴ĽɫĴӷʯӡ˸˸θսζԭأ

ǡҶ𾪵ҲֻƬ̣̽ѩȡ´߶

ԭѩ˫ѹ£ԽԽ󳹵ͣ

к϶Ȼһöʯһѿе˵ϡ

ԭ³ɷǿⶫġ

Բɫ΢Ƴ

ָֻǰ͵Ŀģ

ҶץסԲ֣Ҫקȥ
ߣҪѪɫɽ廷ѩɽнѾʬ޴ˣ

ԲȴͣԭأŴվ롣

Ҫһߡ




183.  183  Ŵ41   

ҪһߣУҶ붼ûֱӾܾ

Բȴ, ץסҶϣҾ㲻æҲԱ֮, ȫû⡣ԼԼ߰, 層ڵĵλӳȥӦúס

Ҷһ, ĽԲҪҪԲѾҪٴΰҲһһϦ¶, ȰѽԲ˵

Ҷ˲˾, ȴһ˿ͣѣ³ɷ˵Ҫ, һߣҿ¶޷˳뿪Ѫɫɽ, Ҫðķգ

Բ, Ҳͷ, ˭ɲɵʱ׵Ӥڣ
ʶ, ĵ޶ú£ҲԱ֮

뵽ˣԲ϶ͷҶϣ㲻ȰˣһҪ¶, Ȼ³ɷ˵ҪֺγΪҪЮ룿

ҶĶ˶ţǸƢ, ұ·ȥˣ

Բ
ΪҶֱ뿪û뵽ȻԼ

ҶѾߵڵұǰЩӦöѾӵ³ɷڴҳȥֻΪʸ֮ģҽ߷ȫ

Ѫɫɽص׵ҽɷóȻȥֻʴΪ־ҶȡҶ۷Ŵ󣬼ҽȻ̣ȴδմ۵ףͷһɡ

ֻۺŸʻȥҾʹһ죬ʮڳԻڴ˳

ץסǣ
ҽ
Ӳˣ

Ҷʮڵ޶層֣ɫ󾪣Щ϶ǻڣöԸ˺ȥ

Ծ𣬾ͼԲԸٶȳ嵽ǰ׷ӳһѻɫʯӺ˻ȥа취

Щʯһӳڿǣɸֵ״һ׷󣬵ʱը

䡪

ƽƽ޳Сʯӣ˵ıը£һڵסҽض

Ҷ굹һδҶ۱һɾƶҶ۱ٳǰ˳ȥ˲׷룡

һŷҶ۵ײԲ߽׷ʯȥ
ԴԴϵĳɢųҶ۷ɿǰ

Ƕ˷ҲϢĹ⽭ԲȻѾ׼˶ֶΡ

ҶԽԲĹӡ󳹵ױƷ

æһеĽԲҶ궶˶֡

Ҷ꿴ͷһҪˣ

ԲûӦ΢üͷҶϣѾԼңǲǸýԼõĶˣ

Ҷɤӷɣԭ˵°Ϊ

ȡ򽻵ԲУֲ֮һ䣬ѣҲǽղżȻѰǰĻǣңҶҲĶ֮࣬ǰΪǱ⣬㲻Ҫ롭

ԲƳһۣû֨򣬼滹󷨣ûҶ꿪ڱƿԡ

Ҷ걾󷨻Ͷ˹ϵû뵽Բֱƿ󷨣һ֪ԼٴŪɳ׾аɱ⣬ȴϢ

ԲֻСҪǸϽҵ뿪Ѫɫɽڴ֮ǰȥѶʦϡ

ǰƻΪȣ˳ںҲûʱ䣬Ѱȫĵطһ㡭

Ҷϣҽͨδɻᾭı䳡

Ҷһҽ層£ڽϣͨ層طȻȥû뵽ҲȥʵҲȥܲѰϽʯһĶ÷뿪

ԲûнԼȥֻΪˣ˳ӦרĿۡ

ȴţǰѹԼϵѩϵ뷨˦Ҷ꣬ȥӶʦ뿪

*

Ҷ۷ʻ˼Ķ˵ִһ׿ԡ

³ɷѾгɳѰҶͽԲ䣬ڵϵ٣ֻʣĻ̵̻ͨޣѪɫɽڵ׷ʲô¡

Ҷ״¶ϲɫ̴ŽԲһܵڿʼѰ

ЩƷߣȴΪɷƵģûʲôԲõϵģҶ󣬼޲ýڷգֻԵѡƷ˺󼸲ȴ뿪ʱ

ȴӸղſʼԽԽȶǰӦÿҪˡ

ԲϵĲҶ߹һȻѹˡ

Сѣ
ǰˣ̫ˡԲһɣм˳

СѣҸոյ֪³ɷڼƷѪʯڵԴ֮ɹˣһ˿˷ܡ

ǰɡԲû뵽һȻ£ȻҲӦԴ֮ҪĿɲⶫ

ǰ³ɷϾҪصѪɫɽˣɽڵĵ޶׷ңҪҰڵĽĺѩϵϿ֪а취

Ȼһ٣ƾȣġСѡĶ֪ˣ

ֹģԵʱ򼸺ȫ̲桢³ɷ绹˵ĶԹ𣬸֪Ķ֪ˡ

ǰһԵʱΪӡ䧼䣬֪˺ܶ£ʱ˵³ɷһ׼ȷ˵һȫɷʬס

ü̽Բվŵʱʱֽһ⣬ǡ룿ô

ǰҶѾѵ󼸸䣬Բż𾪣Сѣȱ𼱣ǵĻʶֻǸƷܷ֮СڵĽģĸδ£ŻᱻӦֻ谴ҵķӽʶڵĽȻ

̸̽ԲһھʶѨλΪԴ̨תС졣

Բģ˱򣬾òѡ

罣ģġ

˲Ϣ̨ɹһȦ⣬һγɹ

תԲʶڵ֮ɫȥʶϷһöɫӣͬʱԲüĴҲö롣

źֻ֣࣬⽭Բ츳ֱ̬һξýģ̨ˣһתɿĵ
СѣǳˡֱӴߣȥ⵹ڶ䣬Ҽǵһɫ׷

ã
ԲԴϲѰöɫСף

¼ȶҶ껹ѹŸ෨ԲԽԽԶûע⵽

ƲģԲ΢̾һԭһöԻ̣Ȼת뿪

*

ԲǱ˳żеջסѰ˪һ뿪ȴϷſھȻ˰Ԥ󷨣׼

ԲһȥѰˣķȴʱ˴ڴ򿪣ͷñŮ޴ӷһǰһ˳

ŮȻαװɽԲһϳݡ

Ƕʦ㡣

û¡

Բһȥˣǰȴʱ̾һ

ٵѣʦ÷˴֪ڸģҪ淢һû취ͳһԺǧҪúȰŽҩ԰層ҪֻҪԸ⽫ҩݽأʥҲеġ

ԲŲһ٣˪

˪ʲôûֻ֣Ҳ̾һİɣ޵ѣһúȰģֻǡųϳŵҵ¶İɣ

Цһ˪ѣϵ£ôܻǼٵģһְôĶ࣬պҪңЯ

˪ȻЦһȻ

˵˳ϷУ׼ܵǰ

ԲȴڶȻһ䡣
ʦ㣬ո˵ĳ֮λʲô˼

˪ȻתأԲ󣬵ʱɫͨ죬Сʦã㣬ʲôʱģһȥء

ϵ𣿡ԲȻʦЩǳԱģ̲סʧ

ðΣȴķ飡

һԵڲµĽ;˳˪ʱܵ׼

˪ȴʲôûзֵıţԲˣҲ㣬˵ˣƾӳѪɫɽʵ罫Žҩ԰ҩݽȥÿµֵķͲӰ죬Ҳܹȥʱգְһ֮˵ܰ޸ˣһĺ¡

ʦ㣡ԲҲȥһڴϣµ㻹ѪɫɽǸҼ˵ĶڣȨơλΪ³ɷƭǵļ󣡡

˪üԸţԲɴʦ㣬ʵɣѪߵԴ֮Ѿ٣層ң㣬Ѫɫɽе޶ӭûɷӣﲻòҪĵλҲزȥˣ

Դ֮Ѫɫɽɷ˳Ļʲô˼

˪Դڵ׻

ԲĻüɫѣ⻰ʲô˼層Ƕ֪࣬ô֪ģòһжйذɣ

˪Ǵţٿ񣬲ŵĿ򽭰ԲԲ޵˵Դ֮ٺйأôܣôܻǵϣ

Σʦ㣬㻹ǵõ߸һɽʱ𣿻ǵ㱻ѪϹִʱʹϰɷǴ䣬µÿһ£Ϊ㲻ݣþö;ǲѣҾͻ⺣¥ۿʲôŽʵ

Բ֮»˵ĺЩȴϻ䣬ȻԳ˪

ˡ

գ۹ǹƳգϮ

Բ֪Ҫʲôһһεϰ츳㣬Ҳ㣬òµĻʶȴҪǰ棡ôҺ𣿡

˪ɫɱ⣬ȴһɾü۽ǵɫǽԲδġ

ŴԸٽͣеʱȡ

˴Ѫɫɽ϶һȫ

ﬡ

Ȼ˵˴öδʤࡣ

û뵽ʦãһڣһӤڣȻƾУԲռϷ磬ΪµǸ

˼ղŽԲᵽԴ֮٣⣬ȡһĴ߶

а׹ָɳڷԾƬ̣˳˳ȥ




184. [] 183  1   ҪĶջס

˪ͽԲƬ̺ͷԼ, ֪ķֽԲΪԣʱֱŰ

ԲұƵֻ̫װ˱ܶ, , Ƚ˪ס˵

ɾͲʱȴкͻȻ, Ȼһⱬ
Բ־ܣӲˣ

ˣ׷ôˣ

Բ˪, ŷֶ˿Ӱʯ

󷨿סž, ȴסֵԵͨ

ȱˣųϣϣ˪ͽԲڷܵ, 볤ˣ

㾹ƭң˪ֱ˿̲, ȴЩˡ

䣡

ִһ, ԲĽ类׺ƣ

λϴͷ, ʮڵĵ, ˲Բͳ˪Χ

󲿷ֶǻڣûи߽׵ĵޡ

ԲɨӹһȦ˾ϣһѽϵĳԻץ˪
ʦ㣬ﳤ˲ң㱣Լȥȥ

˪ӹʯЩ, λںӿͷһǸڣԲѾֳ˫Ծȥһڳϲ

³ɷ߹, ƽؾû۸ˣٹ˼ʲôԲĺպȸղ־˵һ

Χ׷ʮڶԸһˣЩòµơ

֮һתڵŵĳ˪

ץס˪ǽԲͬʦ㣡вȽԲͷ

ճʮ޴սѳתȥץ˪

Բػֻܽһӳȥס֮󣬻޳ų˪ȥ

ѵעҪ־

Բ¼Уȴڴʱ
Сѣһ˸ԸЩޣųҴɱöǣ

Բ۾һ˪ͬʱѪɫСȡķǰ

Ѫڵû˽ʱָԭģֻ͵ס˴

³ɷ罫ȫѪˮǧ꣬ͷŶѾ˷

Ǳߣ˪֮ӹһٺԹסϮĳϡ

ɳΧĵԽԽ࣬ŸջڣƬ̾в¶ΪҪػʱȴһӰԣĳȭȭȥ

ܣ

Ѹ˿鹥ǰסһ޺˪˹

һǿĹڽԲĲٿ·ӵ˼£жոֶϱۣƵõǽڽڰˣȽԲҪ

Щ޾ùͳ˪תȥԸһ˵ĽԲ

ɵȹȥ˲ŷ֣ԲȻı̬һʮֿ

뿿ƤӲԲǿٶȺԦַԼʱʱͻ

ʮַ󣬲ǱסֽţǴţʱ̣㶱Բֳ

ˣˣ



ѧڿλҪҵĺ㲻ȴ˸ҶЦһ



ֻųսĳԲǽ

һֱעսֵ״ҧҧ

СѣȥµģΪȣɷʵǸΪĴڣģϵɷ޵Ϊͻǰˣ

Բ˵ǰͳ˪סһǣ졣

ǰʱ㻹ԥʲôôģ̽ң

һʦΪҲޡûд·ǹ˵˪һ㡣

ԲƬ̾Ϳ˪ؽҧҲڻ䳯һۡ

˫ȻǶΪĿɸģȴһ˿ݣһ˿򣬻һ˿Ȼ

ʦ㡭

ԲܳȥǾɡ㲻˵ˣԴ֮ѻ٣ΪҲֲ˶á
˪ȴޱȵĴ˽Բ

Բصĵ˵ͷʦ㣬ģһף

層ԮɷѾԽԽ࣬˳ϣЩɢҲӿ˹

ľ֧ͽԲ˪˳Ż֣Ƶһ䡣

ǷŵѪɫʯǰǽޣѰ취˱ضɥ

˪ѾҧѪȴ˿и
ޣһϰɷΪʲôֱʱ˿̣Ų˵Ŀжª

һֻõȨƵλΪٲȻֻĿܣ

ţһʶʲô˼
Щں˺£Щ޵׷еȥԶ룬ԶѾ

˪ʶл罥㷢Ϊڻ½

Ϊ䣬ǰҲѳһ϶

ǡ

ΧĵĹ

˪ΪԼƬ̾ͻ֧Ųסû뵽ڰٵ³ŵľȻ㼫ȡ

ŻȻֻǰ޵ΪҲһ½

ڡӤڡڡЩԽģҲԽ죬ȵ¶ŵķӦʱһѾˡ

˪Ĳͷȥ

ԲӸղſʼһָסüģ

ʱ˿̣ɫĹָɢ

ǹ⼫ȴ˿ݺӣյ˭϶ỽںļ䣬ǻԭ֪

ΪɢϻһɹɶɷȵĿϢɱҲ֮һɢ

һжɫĹϴģ¶ԭɫѪɫʯȥɷɫᣬڶڹӦб

䣡

ȴʱǽǴٴ

˶ԵâѸ𣬵е޷ӦԺվǽǴĽԲѾӰ

*

Ѫɫɽ⣬廷ѩɽϣ³ɷΪ׵ˣѾá

˵Ƕţʵ³ɷһĵѹһļȫǻһϵĵޣлڸ֡

ַѾĥɱڼ̩ĸ߽׵ޡ

µĵǣ󲿷ֻʣӤڣмվĻڳϣҲɢСɣƲˡ

Ѿһľ棬³ɷȴƫƫͣˣֻôĳһһĥɱµĸ߽ʿ

һĳޣһŽ廷ѩɽµѪ

յĹѪϾں

Щȫǵ֮ǰɷ۶ɡ



éɽһˣéһƽӣʱվڽɫ

ҲǱŰɷϵ廷ѩɽͷֲֻǣȵĵޣɹɷһ

ûԾȣ³ɷһڶ˵ǽܺˡ

ڱǧ꣬ŵıôһڵͣȴֻ³ɷĲŰɱ

ĵԽԽ࣬һʱգ˱ŪƵϷ֮࣬Ҳ

ȥգǾͻᱻĥɱʱҲܺˣޣͶ

콣ڵĶӤڵľһѪֽۣҡҡ׹ǿŲ¡
ĿǲԾͶʱϣʦᵽģ˵ʦѴ˽ٵתʲô˼

ǰѪɫʯ̨ϣһڳѾ˴ڵϣֻͷ­ʵİţģģ֨һ䡣
³ɣ磬㣬в壬ԱУۣػңѩ

ǵ޺ֻδڣ㱻³ɷһѪɽ

ѪϮܵɷŨЩֺЩѪûǲĳ϶һ˿

³ɷɨһȦΧûлڵ޻ţӡ

ٵһӤڵĵ޳֣ͼѪɫʯһһϢ

ʥ˳ȥˡ

³ɷ綯һͣЦݽ

ҪĶˡ


185.  185  2   ʵһȫġ

Բͳ˪, 層ص׵ҽ˳£ңƮ˽ɽԵ

廷ѩɽѪɫɽȻֻǧ֮, ȴؽ, ôҲҪѰʱͨ

Բм콣ڵĶϽ֮, ֻ軨һʱ˳ȥ
ͬлжʦ, 뷨ӰѶϽ֮ϣ÷һ뿪, ȴҪЩʱˡ



ǰָʱ˳һ˵Ľ󣬽ȥҪ뿪ȴͻȻ

ѣѵȵȣ

Բͳ˪˲𾯽䡣

һǱΪֻлӤ, ȻҲڸղһսﱻĶȻɷ֮Ϊ轵¡

Ҷꡣ

Բȫ޵, ֲ, Ҷꣿ

Ҷ, ʾûж⣬æ̯¶һﳯԲݹȥѣҲµҽ뿪, Ϲ뽫иģ㲻õģ˭ûߡ

еһöڽɫμƬ, һ붼Ⱦ˺ں֮ɫ

ԲɵĽӹ죬ǡ

Ҷ򴽣ѣһһֱû㣬ʵ⼫ڵĵ֮һҶꡭɷڶ࣬ҺҶΪӵܵȥִ˱ܾԶߣգͨɷУѰ䡭

Ҷ˵¶źû뵽ҵˣѪɫɽЩȴʧ˱ģҪǽΪؽҿⱲӶѵһ졭öܺ˵ƬѾûʸػˣ֣ص뽭ҽתڵĵޣ˳Һ˵һǸ깼˴ҵ

ҶϳöܺƬҶӰ̬ȻУԲԥ˷㽫ܺ𣬳ͷ
ˣԸתڵĵޣЩ그µĴԼȥŽͰɡ

Ҷ״һ㶣ѣΪãû취Լ뿪ˡ

˪һԲ͵ĴɵԲһ뿪ۣһ׷׷

Ҷת򽭰Բûзʱϲɫ

ۣ˳£Ͷ˸۽ش

*

нʳ󣬽ԲɣеʱϽ

ǰ³ɷ絽ڻû׷Ѫɫɽ˳ˣڵΪԱУԸȴ̫ˡ

ȴܵСѣҿղͦðо㹻Ը³ɷˣֻҿӣӦûûڵԴ֮ɣ

Բɫ࣬ǰǱⳡУҸʲӵԴ֮ģ㻹ҳȴ½Ҿͻ취ⶫ溦̫

潨鱻ûЩګګʵȰԲԴ֮ģҲ˽ڣֻ»ò˵
Сѣ¼ȨԸ³ɷ磬ЩæҲû˰οһֲ֪䣬Ը³ɷõķӣǺһͬԴԶƶ񡭡

Բһ̾ûӦ
ѪɫɽЩ£Դ֮ĵִбİ취

Բһǰһһ뽣ģָȫǲҲܶԸ³ɷ磿

ûָĽģ㵱ܲôף뽣ıҲһΪһ벻֪䣬һħ

ɨ۽Բ̾ҡͷ壬ƻûһС룬ֱˣһ뽣ĵ䣬ϲӦûڼ

ɷңڵĵ޳ҽĵߣͼ侻-ܺˣţŪɳ׾³ɷ緢֣һ·׷ɱȫ弸Գ
֮µļڵ޾Ͳ
³ɷͶʱȥһ뽣ĵ䣿

ֻһתȴ˼±ϣҲȥƬܺƬԹ֮Ѱܺ˵䡣ܺһͽķһ𣬵ʱƬΪףǽģӦû⡭

䣬ͼԲ߶еܺƬ

ƬϺڽɫĽʱ˸΢⣬۽ǰƮĳһ˲ͻȻת죬âʢ

治ŵĹסϸ˿СѣǼˣһܺ˺ڸԽԽ

ȳûдһԵҶ

Ҷü廰һ䣬ѣǰʵһǰʥ³ɷ쾵ڵΣյ壬ŵ϶쾵᲻мڵ˳ûˣ

Բȴͷһʶ֪˴𰸡
éɽںھʣéһƽͻˣһ֮һĽҽˣ
ǽŵӵżȻõĻܺˣ

滹ֹķҶĲ²еܺ˵һڸǴðȥܽڵǰ뽣ûǻʲô³ɷ磿ֱ¶ֽڹϣôҵڵĵްһ³ɷ·غô죿

Ȼãϲĺ£ʲôʲô

˵ԴԲԺʹЩڤڤ֮е˼

³ɷǧĽģգ۹Ϊˡ
Դ֮ҲķӡڽԲʶ
ʶм콣µĻӡ

ҲүͰϣ͵ǰأ

Բڿˡ
ǰڵĵûлҲ֪һֻܺˣҵĽ

棺

*

һʱҽִ廷ѩɽĵؽ硣

ԲȻϵĴȴǱɷĿֲ

ӡеѾɷϮ֮أӰտȥһƬߡ
Ա֮£Ѫɫʯɵ廷ѩɽīµĿһʣԸɾЩ

򶼱ӣʦʦأ

ԲͳѩһۣжԤС
Ȼһ˲Ⱥ׹ž
ʦźڵӷĸ澯Ϣڵˡ

[ѣɷϮߣپ廷ѩɽϣдµ콣󣬿ɱһʱǡ]
[Բ֪³ɷ廷ѩɽϣͶǧҪ]



ҶҲյϢɫżѣ²ܼɽˣ³ɷڶأˣĲǧ֮ǵУһȥǱضµ壬ǧܺͿ

Բ򴽣Ťͷ˪
ʦ㣬ʦʦǶɽϣҲ²ܣأҪҪ

˪˿ûгɣԲéɽڵڹһپһ𣬵㻹ڵʱҲδˣǲ

Բصͷʦ㣬ʵһȫİ취Ҫæ

ѡҶ΢üͷ

˪ȴѾ϶ͷԲ˵ɣܵһᾡȫ

ҶǶ⣬̾һ˰ˣҸҲ֪գѣҲһʲô취



*

廷ѩɽϣ³ɷĴĥ޺ڵ˴ɽĽԲͳ˪ˡ

Բʱ黹ܵĮ˪ʱȴһ
˪ΪȻ䵽ѪɫʯڴϢģԲȻ˽ģѧľѪɫɽǧڵĵΪˡ

ǧ깦ҲܽڼƷʯڣԲȥѪɫɽ£ͽ͵ߡ
ǣð

³ɷ罫һͦվŵĽһѪѪǡ
Բˣҵܾˡ




186.  186  3   

廷ѩɽ, ĺںɫɷҰ޽ɽͷĲա
ڵĵǾĥڣǱ, ɫɽһǡ

ǶҪԼʱ

Բˡ

, éɽڵɫڲļһĿյ, ¶, ȴĿᶨ, ɫƽ·´ʱľ

ɽʯʢӶһĹ⡣

Ǻ⽫̾ɷһգǼȥϸᷢǲֻǱȻڳ䣡

³ɷȺڳ, ڿ󾡽¶̵ֻɫ
ΪǷԼΪâ£ںΧĶһ, ۿɼ

е̲סȳԲ˹ȥ

ɱ˽Բͷ󻼣
н, Դ֮, õǴӴ˾Ͳ쾵ﹶˣ
ɱ

һһĵ޶Ʒ˰³ɷԲΧ˹ȥ

ΪԼֻҪݣܽԲסֱնɱ

ǶݵٶԽ, ΪȴҲԽ죬ûԶľ룬ȴͣԭأ

ǳķΧ, ׷ʹޱȵķڵأҪɱԲĿģúҺţƬ̣ϱ½ΪһΪڻҡ

ڵޣת˲ͱһڡ굤ڵĵͽ׵ޣһڵĵ޲ֻ޴ĻΧǲҽʵ
ЩﶼѾɷȾĵޣֱӻǣޣ

һĻ»δĵ޶ͣ˽Ų

ҲôΧ۵ڵӶסˡ

ϳ
ϵ⣬죬ɶȣǽĲеĿɾоˣоˣ

ԲԽŲ΢٣Ƴۡ

éɽ˶ڣ콣ڡƷȴ˺ܶϤӰڵĵҲ䣬ûʣ١
һڽ³ɷѪɫš

Ƭ̣¼ľǵʬˡ

Բɱ֣ת˸ĶâʤǡϵϢҲ۳䵽ϣ¶ԭģ

һһӨתοմܿѩģײĺɫ㸡һ⣬ڲ

ֻһӣдݺݻǰΧŵðڵޣ˲ɨƬյأ

³ɷĵ޼״׷׻񣬿ʥϵø⡣
û뵽³ɷӸղſʼбһĨ̾Ĺ۲ŽԲһһУƸ¶ɾ

ЩȻ򣬿Ѫµף˲ȥֻֻܲվ

ת۵Ĺ򣬳߽׵ޣֻʣڵ³ɷһˡ



Բߵڵڵ⣬վһ

³ɷɨһõķɫԲܺã츳ѣ˵ǿֳɹ˽ĺԴ֮үҪأ

ӸղžһֱԹۣôѹʱʱ죬Բĵԣϴ˴ɫһ䡣

õþȻҲǻʶ󷨡
ƿǽ³ɷɱ

֮ǰ˾Ѿˡ
ԭ

ԲȺɨһۣתߣ³ɷ磬ȦЩˣΪòǵôˣΣ

ɼ˼֣͸ղ˵ȫͬ

³ɷ΢˳һЦҴΣҪģ㲻һֱ𣿰ϵԴ֮нĶҾʦһȫʬ

ԲҲأ

³ɷһ䣬³

һ㽫һƾסƮУ

µڵӶΧȥҪˣȴ׷ױϵˣ߻Բѡ

ǵҲڸϢίһʬ壬³ɷѪķ

³ɷЦһȺץһˡ

éһƽ

ԲüĿ䣬ȵȣҪʦ

éһƽŲӣȴΪ仰ԴϢ
˿ԲҪͷ㽻˽ĺԴ֮ҲǻɱǣéɽڵͽܣҲҪй

Բ²ѣ³ɷ磬ѾΪ룬һʱҲһˣ̾ԾڴˣǶҪˣ˴ͬھ˵

϶³ɷĵƣ⻰һȻƵ¶ãվ

κéһƽ˦ص档

ԲԼļֵܺãھ̸ʽװɡ

ǶڵɨһȦҿھڵʮ뿪쾵ԴԷΪµˣҲԽڴ˴ɽֻ֣ߣΣ

ȺмһѣɴӦ³ɷ磡

콣ڵľ죬ۣһȦһյĴȺ߳ѣո³ɷ뿪ػԴһİڣɣ᰽գҵһ죬ùº

³ɷĿ¶ɱ⣬ͺݺҵϣ
û뵽ǧȥﾹȻ֪࣡

ҪԾʹɱ֣Բŭһ
³ɷ磬õľɱ̬ȣ

³ɷ翴żֵްɫô˵ǴӦˣ

ԲЦʮˣ²һƽ٣ô붼㡭³ɷ磬Ҳ̸һȽΣ

ȤòΪԼʸ̸ɣ³ɷѾԣ

Բ֣æҵĽ׺ͻܺйأѵⶼȤ𣿡

ܺһδĽģڣ³ɷѹڻδԴ֮

ʱ򲻽ԲΪ壬ˣҲٴ쾵Ϊʱǧ꽫Դ֮ͽʱӵеľͲǰ齣ģһġ

³ɷ˲⣬ԭܺҵЩȤ˵˵ɣʲô

Ҫ㽫Щȫͳ쾵⣬ֻҪȷ˳뿪Ҿͽܺ˽㣡

Բһ¶öڽɫμƬ

ΧȻʢǼƬȴ˿ܺӰ죬ɢ⵭Ľɫ㱼侹ƻܹΧĺߣΪã

³ɷһ˾ȷϣöܺ˾ԼѰõļ

û뵽Բֱ죬Լ˽ģһ붼õ֣

ۣջվһߣ
Ȼ뽣ĶҲ򽭰Բηηβˣ

³ɷ˼תȻУЦ
ҲҲԲ͵ǰǾɲˣ

õѪɫʯһ飬жڽԲȻӦը

Բ³ɷҪ׼ȴֵĻԼϵĶ

ȵѪڵƾճֺͻɫ

δӦͱһУܺ˾ͳз

Բ״ȥ׷

ٴιգ۱㳯˹

ԲһʱÿأȴƸճоͺһ˿ܿƵļƹ

䣡

Բһƣʱ³ѪˤȥǶѵڵĻʶڣ

յѾ׳ĻܺץУ͵³ɷС

ʥܺˣҸõˡ΢΢ƣκ޶ͣеĺΪͣ

Բ״е뾪

ʱ塭ǰ
ǡĻǣ




187.  187  4()   

澪Ե, ɿĵѣʶʱ, Ӧþǵ뱻ѻһû뵽û, ³ɷڻʯ, ˣ

Բüͷ, ǰ˵ʲô˼

, һעԴ֮ͻ᳹ʧȥǣ³ɷ㽫ʱĻǳΪĿܣѣǧɹ

ֻ˵䣬³ɷܺ˹, ͼڱƳԴ֮ʱ壡

ʱ屻ܺϵĹסȻΪʹ, ȴʼһվԭ, ֻеĺҵԾš

ԲĿӻܺɨ, ؽҧֿ
㣬ٿ㣬ȻҪˡ

˾ʱĹ˳Բ, ѣڳһ취, һҵӵģ

ǻأôˣ˶ﻹиͬ׿Ļأ

Բһ
ƵѣʦںĲȥæˣҵ³ɷߣˣ

ƳվڽԲԶġ˪üͷʦ㲻ǾǶ𣿡

Բգգ۾

ػȻ΢΢ͷ˻صȺС



Ӻ󣬻ܺϵĹʱһֻӺڣ־Խ쵭Į

𣬾ʹ־ȫޡ

³ɷȴЩֵĶ˻ܺһۣɻԴ֮еĶԲϣܿͨˡ

Դ֮٣˵ܺĵĽǿ󣬵Ƚù˼ʲôˣ

뵽ˣ³ɷ繴𴽽ǣٴδ߶ܺˡ

ܺкںɫӡڴ߶һĨײĹ³ɷһ𱻹ʱڡ

ʱ˫ʱȫڣһ˲˲Ŀ³ɷ硣
ˣ˵

³ɷ翴ʱ幧ģпϲڻܺ˵ı£ԭҲʴŵΪȻҲȹ˵ܺڵȷнģֿܰסԲĽĺ⡣

³ɷͷһɻ󳹵ɢȥ϶ֳϲɹˣɹˣҵΪסˣ쾵ѪɫɽҲסˣ

Цɷ޶ŵˡ
ʥУǺͻֿƣĮֺݶδʧ̬

ӣ˵Լػˣ

һӣԲĽչɻ굤ڵͨޣ˵ƣҲûἦȮѣ

һڵޱ˴˶ӣ¹ء
ϲʥóԸ

ǵ廷ѩɽϼΪͻأ³ɷЦƵĿǡ

Ԥе˿Ÿն³ɷĵʱ壬¶һ壬Ѫʱ䲻磬ÿʼ׼ˡ

ǡ
ʱһ˿¶ȣܺͶ±ɪɪһɷޡ

ڶ࣬ϻΪɢĲϢһͺܺ۸

ʱһƷȥ㽫ʮûüĵƳ⣬Щ˵ĲҽܿʧɷУ˲˵ķ

˿ʼĴӡ
򻹱ϣĹ³³ɷȡ
ȴʵʼƿڴ³ɷӲţú

ĵģ߿ġģ󶼺ıʱɨ£ֻת۵Ĺ¶Ͼֻʣ»Χڻʶڵڵǡ

ʱ嵽ǶɽڵĵޣΪڣҲѷ֡

±߻תͷޱĺ֮˶ӡ

һۣĮɫɷ˵׶ڵӶһ

Բվǰʱ±ֵ⣬ɨԼŤͷ³ɷ硣
ˣ󡣡

³ɷɫȴδ󷨣ֻ϶һ⣬ʶ󣬼ǵ֣ŪˣһǸҴء

ǡ
ʱӦʶڣǰĽԲ

ԲŴ߬뵲ס
վסҪǣȴң

ʱٶȻӳһȭĮĺ򽭰Բڣ

ԲѪأסԼֹס
ʱֺҪԲڲԥһɫ׵糯ȥ

Ǽף

ѾǽԲʹǿֶΣ

׻дžѹһ˲ͳʱѹ˹ȥʱȴ㲻ܣɫֱֱӭĨȥ

䡪

״ϣʱһ죬ķ֮࣬˲ߣ

ΪԴ˵סƬ̣ȴɢʱԺö˶˵վԭأδб䣬ֻĴǵڻҡ

³ɷԶԶţĹЦ
ԲֻЩֶǶɽڵޣҲɵַӮ˵ģԹ־ܰɣ

ĴΣԲŭһٶȻʱ壡

֪ʲôʱ򱻽ԲƬӣǰһοճ

ʱԭȭȥĶֵ˲ͣ漴ԭص㻨ɢ⣬˿Ƶнʱڣգ۾˸ֵĹȦ

ǹȦɺϵӡɣ۽Ӽ䣬γһװѩ

³ɷɫһϳǾл
ĻǣǱڣɷŷųȥ

Բ󷨶ѧô

ˣļƻ͵ñһˡ
Բܻ

еʱѾյ֣պף

ĻǱӡˡ

û˻ǵȻҲ³ɷʹ

³ɷĻܺĹ˶ֻް¶ɱ⡣
ԲȻһڵʱͽȥû뵽ﾹҲĻ

òỹʲôаɣ
³ɷĻٶԥƬ̺󣬰еʯ߶

һߣԲʱ屻УҲɳ

һɣ˶Ƚһĺˣҷס

Сʦãû°ɣ
ѣ㻹𣿡

ǳ˪ʱ롣

ԲԭֻظѪʱԺ͵һɫףۡһ³һѪ

ʱ뱻˸ţ˶סˣ

һԷŽԲĳ˪ɫ󾪵Ľǰôˣ취

дСǻ˷԰ӡǱˣôᷢѲһҲڸ

һȺеľɫһ䡣

δӦ³ɷҲ̲סĳԲ˳Ϯ
棡㾹ȻûһңҶҪǶɥ

³ɷӸղžԶԶվ±ߣԽԽˣ˲ŷϾҲΪȵĹ
ԭԲĽĲǶȫӰ죬ֻΪ³ɷڵԴ̫֮⣬Ĳԣֻںڽڱסˡ

ƫƫеĸ߽׵޶ѾûˣµΨһһܿΪĽԲҲԹȥ³ɷһ·޵ĳ嵽˻ʶǰ

䣡

³ɷݺеʯ

Ϊ裬зƿ˵ҪɱЩˣҪͽԲĽ꣬ǻٷ

û뵽һĻʶھȻһ⣬ס󷨵Ĺ

Ⱥ˸˵ĺ
ˣˣСʦõķ󷨳ˣ
̫ţˣֻҪʱ廹ڣǾͲ³ɷˣ

ڲɹĳ˪ͻأǴӽֳΣ˴϶ϲɫ
һ˲¶ķΧΪǶ˵Ļɲ١

վ³ɷͲôɫˡ

ĿĿбԼʱ壬ɨתԼĽԲһ
ǸòΪƵҵĻʶ󷨾ܻ˰ɣǡ氡

һˣ±ߴȻεضкϱ˷ɢȥ

ֻ˲ϢĹǺ߶ӿһֵĺԾ˷

¶Σǰŭȣ³ɷ磡㾹ϧԶΪҲҪͲɵͽ׵ޣӳȥͱǧУ𣿡

գ³ɷŶ񶾣˶һּ˵
ǧ꣬Һ룬ҹѪڼɷֻΪгһػɡĵ֣һжˣͽΪΣ˽ģҲŰҲ˳ݣӵʶһˣ

º˱ʧ쾵С

뿪廷ѩɽµѪ׷ĺڽԲĽĺҲ˿Ӱĳţ

е޵Һ

ǸղżȻ±ϵɷޣǱմ󣬳˵һļƷ

Ǻһ·¶ԼٶȳڵǱϮȥ

һ˶ˣͬĺֻһ·ˣ롣

ĺڴ˷Ǹѹ

һڵӾıۣɵϢȴδ١

⣬³ɷµǲʶȻֵ棡

˶һŷ³ɷ뿪ʱʧ٣ס˺ģǽԲвóķ

û뵽Բ󷨣Ȼֵܵס

˷ȥԲȴͻȻֵһӰס

ʱ룡

֪ʲôʱһɺһ˿һƵڳǰʱӿȥ

ǺȲħףֲ񱻸ʴĶ

˾һ

ǣڻꣿ
콣ڵʱڣȻһǣ
ˣڻ꣬ὫǶɱ
죬ɱʱ룡Ҫʱл֣

¶ʧ⣬Ⱦٽʱ˹ȥ

ȴʱһӰӵذ𣬽Ǳ£

Ŀѣ͵ϻվĽԲߡ

㲻ɱ

Բ˳Ҷվٴһһĵ

㲻ɱ 

ǽĿ⼱٣ָڵĺɫѣԼʱǶʱ壡ڣǾڻҲӲһƣ

˵Ҫٽٴ̣ȴԲٴεס

ǽ޵ɫڱˡ
ѣ㣬Ѳ൱ʱİף

Բɫ䣬ֻٳһöɫʯӣֻ轫ⷴ󷨵һǾͶˣ

ǽޱеĻɫʯŵˡ
𣬱󣡡

ֱ˿̣ԼܻΪԲ󷨡

޲ֻĹˣҪѰվԼߵˣЩղŻ󺰴еĵޣȴͷҺӡ

˵˰ȫ룬Ŀⴥĺٴδ
ôˣˣԲ󷨸߳ҪЮңʱƿ߶ӣȻɾ᰽һ󻼣ҡ

ۣ

ǽ°ػδ˵ŴһѪ󴩹

תɱԼľȻǶʱʱҧֱȻء

ʱ塭ѡˣ




188. [] 188  5   

ʱѾת, ǽһĺɨˡ

˶ΪҪʱȴ侲Ŀڵ˷ǽ, ʵ, ڴеǰʱ, ɱ

ҷŷǽϴŵȻǽ, ȴǴҶδʽ

Ȼ˿ʱлǴη塣

ϵĳǼѪ, ¶ϵȫǻӤڣ߻굤ڵĵޡ

ֻʱǶɽڡ

жɽڵʱ壬ô붼˾á

Σա

ɡԲʱƼž˴ҵע⡣

վʱԡ
Ҫٰſɽһ糹׵߸³ɷһкУȥŲ˶õģʱǰѾָǣԸһԵ, ҷ³ɼЯֺ

Բ¹Ѫ˶Ų̬Ĳ԰, ˫ȴľˡ

éһƽͽ, վ˳

Բ, ŰɣҪô󣿡
Сʦãڵ㷢ˣ³ɷıóѣ
ԣٶһ£

ڵʮҲ󣬺콣ڵһߵ˽Բߡ

ЩɢСɻ˺Ҳվ˹ȥ, ûб·Ҳûκֻ̣ܽϣڽԲϡ

ֻʣڡٻȡڡڵĵ޻ԥš

ڶһ䡣
, ʵųǰ쾵һĴԳȥҪȻȳȥ취󣿡

ȥ˲ת񣬷׷˹ȥ

ڵҰ

һھ˴󲿷˵ע⡣

쾵ﻹĵͨ
Ѿ廷ѩɽϣôѰҴ󰡣

ѯʹĿ˽Բ
˵ԲһѰҳڣ뿪Ȼѡ

ѣ˼أ

ԲϷʯȲϵֱӣҰ
˵˵Ĵںδ

ҰҲֻܿҵҵʯѰ䣬һ죬˵ǸﲻԶƾڷԲǧ֮ڡ

Բüͷ˵ѣ²֪ⷽԲǧ֮ڹɽȥ˵ҲҪչ򣬵ѰҲ쾵ˣʱûʱ󡣡

Ұû뵽Բĵ˽⣬ȽȰ룬ȰȫԺ˵

Ʋкιϵ
ֻҪӳȥ統һ㣬Ǳգܶһˣ

û뵽ԲȻ׵ĻӣҪ

Ұ²ͣȴαװĺܺãѣղҲ˵ˣҪ³ɷкУҲ׵֣ľ᰽磬Զǧǰôˣʵǵʱ㹻ӳȥ󣬸οڵĵӣ˶˵ʱòˣһƵأ

ԲĶͣ¡
ѾˣϽЩϣ㹻Ľ׶ΡˣķӣҪԶǵˡ

ɹҰĻҲе˳ȥӦϣٶֻ졣

Բ˼һ
ɣ˵ѣҿԽĵʯϣܴԸߵ뿪ҺʦӦǵ棬뾡콫¸֪ڣҲ̶ܾⳡƽ١

ҰзʯѾһᣬڴӦãǻ뽭ѿЩְɡ

˵վתͷ࣬λǵ󷨽ȣֻݻ굤ϵĵ޲ܰȫͨԸ뿪ھվأܲѰڹĳҲܳŵһҪǺ

굤µĵ޾Ҳ׸ҰֱʸƬ̹ѡһ֧ʮ˵Ķ顣

󲿷ֶںڵĵޣֻмٻȵӣҰ΢΢üͷѡµڡ

λڵĵޣ뿪𣿡ڵռһܸѰڡ

ڵĴʦʦǶӹҡͷܣ˵ѣǻǾͽһ󡣡

ʵΪʱĳ֣ҲЩŲԲˡ
ǰʦ֮Բν֮ͬŵù

뿪廷ѩɽðΣѰһ֪治ڵĴ󣬺뽭Բһѡ񶼲ãҪѡһֻѡߡ

ҰһƵˣŷ׳¡

Ұ澹ȻȥǡýԲҲʯʱ꣬ӹʯɴ뿪

תۼ廷ѩɽϾ˴ˣµΧ˽Բԡ

ؿʮڹ¶Цݣ̫ˣǰæӦƵĸˣ

泯Բɨһۣ԰һȣʱڵأڵ󷨡

⵱Ѿݳʮ临ӵλ

ջߣƵѣҪʲô

ؽʮλͷλʯ⼸λţѪѸٸȥһоӣǻһ£Ѫȥƿ۲С

˵ͷ



ʱһһĹȥµʮޣеķʯ֪Ѿ֣ɽԲͻء桢ʱ廹ûİ취

廷ѩɽĺѾգŨҹͷ

ڴʱʼȴͻȻһ᳹ͨ⣬Ǹ򡭡

ǹҰҵˣ

˾̺ղѡȥ˵ʱѾӳ쾵ﷴû·

ǲɵýĿת򽭰Բ

ѣû𣿡

*

廷ѩɽĶŴһڱŵĴ⣬ҰͬһڵվǰĴ˼

ҵĺ˳ҲܿʹˣͶĹȴԾ

ղһļվȥȴȥ⵽ȴû˵һֱвϲ¡

ɻֲϲµ״̬
˲ж󷨳⣬Ǵʱ̫ࡣ

Ҫô󷨻ǺõģתȥҽԲѰһ

ְʱ󣬴ڻϨ

Ұɫλ⴫ǳЩ⣬û취뿪ˡ

е˲ը˵ѣʲô˼󷨻ˣǻŸϽȥҽѰ֪Ͳ˷ʱˣ

Ұתͷ뿪ҲʮǱ

Ƭ̺Լã˸޳תʱȴӻصǰ



ĵؽ磬ٴһͨ⡣

ҰҲȥˡ

ЩڷӦ˻ȥ

ҰȻƭˣ
ڻǹĲ˳ʺƵͷˣ
󷨣ٹƬ̾˳ȥˣ
ã



*

һߣԲʱݻںȷһӡ

˴¶Сĳ˳ĵִﵽµѪΧ

ԭνѪûкˮֻѪɫʯһֵĺˮ

źӰıԵ³ɷöƷʯΪԺΪۣһٳߵľ޴󷨡

кڣΪʵʣĴɢ䣬ź洦ɼѪɫʯѪã

ӿĺɷѹȥҪ쾵᰽綼ƽ֮С

еָĳʦõķ

ˣѾŴȵ̩ޡڳϣܽסɸ޹

Ҳ̲סѣǿ춯ְɣ

ǰѾߵˣҪҲҪƵ

Ҽ˻棬Ҳ޹

ԲˣŴӿҲųصλ󷨣ֻһλ󣬾ܳȻҶˣǾ׼Ժһʶ񣬽ݻλ֪ңƾŰöʯҪڰڻ⣬ܽ䳹׷סֻʵ䷴ҿˣ

ף

ãվλ

ʮ˸ſŵѪΧһȦ

˵ȦһĶΪؿÿ˶վͼһ˵ڡ

ֻԺһͼ

ԼԲǰĶ

Ҫһʧܳǰ

϶һö׵Ŀɳһʱķʯںбȫ

ذʮ˱㶼

˺ۿ

ؽҧ

ȴ

Բʱ帡Ѫ󷨵ؼһ



ˣȴʧ

³ɷڵԴ֮ܳͬӰ󷨡

׼𣿡ʱ嵭˫ȴкȣһ˲˲ŽԲ

Բǡ
ˡ

֣

һе޶

һ˲䣬ΧѪΧͬʱʮ⣬յµճһĨͺܿȥ

ǹⲢδʧֻתΪÿ˽¶ڻ˷ʯڣ΢Ĺâ

䣡һȣѪܱٶʮ⣡

䣡䣡䣡



һԽԽ졢ԽԽٵϴ޶У˷ֻԽԽȥӭž˵

ڣĳһ̺һŮ

λ󷨰ɣҪʱٸۣһȫҪÿ˶μԼλ˳󡣲ܶϣͣ

Բֻͣһ˲ٴοڡ

飬ˡ

λǶգȡ

ǬλԵλͬ䣡

һԽŮٴѪ

˵ղЩʯնȥ⣬ǽ»ѵĻʯ

ԭȻ޵ķʯߡ

ϢһѪڵɫȦ˳Ѫһ޴ڣ

ѷ⣡

λˣˡ

Բʱһۣ˿

סѵĵطǷѷ⣬ֻҪٽ󶥷סͳˣ

ԲʱֿԾѪӭűסسԼĺȥ

һ˲Բ콣⣬źȥ

ʱɫȻתڣϸһʶϢ˳ŽԲĽҲ·׷ȥ

ԭɵĺڶ»˹ƣʱ󣬷ӿĺ糹׶ϾԲʱֱһһԲԼ콣ʵķ֮

˵󳹵ױסˣ

ܵĺӿŽȥһڵҲ˱˴˵ӰǲŵĿ񻶳󳯱˴˳˹ȥ

ǳ˰ɣ˰ɣ

󱻷ס˰ɣ

ҵļûˣҲûˣҶûˣ

಻Ļ˷𣬰쾵ƣǧ֮ٵ󣬾סˡ



֮󣬴ҲȥҽԲʱ䣬ȴֶ˾֪ʲôʱʧˡ

ŵϷ˾ֻƱԲ³ŨīѪۡ

ҷף³ɷ׼ǧ󷨣ôܻᱻ׵ĶԴ

һǽԲʱ󣬲ŵôƹ

éһƽ֮ԲѶĹȣȥ
µļʦʦҲͷʹޣ졭

պδȵڵĹҰȱȥѰҰᵽǴڡ

ǰŷ֣ЩͬҰ뿪ĵ޾Ȼǰ㶼ڱǰѪ飬ǹҰ

Ϊ˶԰ռ뿪

뿪쾵ĹҰȴûȥȱǵһʱԼţ˹ǵĳǸգͼ

ϧ֪ǣ콣ںڡƷѰнˣڷֹ춯󣬵һʱ䰲ųеİ׮ƿǴ

ȵڱɽ·֮ʱҰҲ뿪쾵չ

Ϊڵңڹһֱ֮

ȵ쾵µʮ类ȳȥʱ᰽綼

ԨɢԹдͷƿء

ڴͬʱһԷΪڵų֣о᰽ڵɷޣҪԴɷı侪᰽硭

*



ҷ嶥ʯ̨ϣéһƽȫӡƵɫ̾һ
û뵽סȴûסһ˵ҰģڣôΧ˶ǻȼֻ֪ʲô

ڷɽƽһ߽ʦˡ

éһƽʱ˫
߿ȥ

ҷɽڣһͨ۵ĵĺС

ҳȥҳȥ֪˭ǹǳѪɫʯʥ⾪᰽δˣ£ɣ磡ҽȦڣгһճȥҪɱǣȫɱ⣬

éһƽݺüͷԱߵĳ˪ѩˣ϶ˣ

ѩͷǰʦǵСʦڻ̫ܺˣ³ɷӣ󺰴Уʲôʲ

éһƽ̾һĻѰܺ˵ˣ

³ɷܺĸˣ
֪ܺ˵䣿ǵĴȥɣҵģԴ֮Ҳҵģû˿͵ߣֻиã

ã³ɷ磬òǰѻܺ˲ңĸ˰ɣ

һŮͻȻ𣬴һĿԶ

ľϸʻӣɫ̺죬ü۽Ƕ͸Źɾζ·ްɰ

éһƽĶˣԲ˰

ĿһתԲĸƨʱֳȥʱ壬ôҼҰԲ콣ȥǣһݵģĶӣ

ʱ˫ۺһͣԭأʵʵĳéһƽ°ڡ

éá

øƨéһƽô޻ӣҲһȱ㡣

ҪĸνԲôôͱȥ

ͷ j

Բéһƽˣ͵ЦһϽתƻ⣬ʦˡԴʶвȱ޲ѾܲˡǻǸϽȥѰܺ˰ɣٹ¹ɾҪʼˣڻźأ

аɡéһƽëͽߣ˳һ˦תͷ뿪

Բźʱһһҵվ⡣

˪ͳѩöһۡ
ԲǽҪǼ𣿡

Բʱһۣͷ
λʦ㣬ٴפôˡҺʱѾȬҲʱ˽ˡ

ڣ³ɷٶ

һΣȥķԷ

Բʱųһһ𣬷ֱڡ

³ɷԭĺʱʹ

Ƭ̺󣬾ָƬ־
Բʱ壡ǾɱңˣҲʶأʱ⿿ǵ󷨣ⲻסס֣ס֣۰۰ѵ֪ܺ˵滹һ뽣ģһԴ֮ǱԵ߸᰽磡õǰѵǾͲ

³ɷڽţ

ʱеĺ˲һ˿ֱʱŵõѡ
ˣ

Բ¶ϼƹǷۡ
Ĳˡô꣬ˡ

ΪɱԴ֮ûü׾ڻ𣿡

Բ΢ü˷ͷ˵ͦܵġ

ʱԽŵķסҪģͼԲİϲЦݡ

ƭʱ䣬㹻뽣ĻˣԴ֮Ѿ˲ˣֻҪʱ䣬ͻӡĥҾͳûˣ

ʱȻ΢ü˿ɣƬ̺

۶ãҶ㡣

صС˵www.27txt.La ȥС˵
½Դ磬ȨԭУԤ